bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel patient‐derived xenograft and cell line models for therapeutic screening in NF2‐associated schwannoma
Authors: Zhao Fu , Chen Yang , Li Shi‐Wei , Zhang Jing , Zhang Shun , Zhao Xiao‐Bin , Yang Zhi‐Jun , Wang Bo , He Qi‐Yang , Wang Lei‐Ming , Xu Lei , Liu Pi‐Nan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTreatment of schwannomas in patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is extremely unsatisfactory, and innovative therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. However, the lack of clinically relevant NF2‐associated schwannoma models has severely hampered drug discovery in this rare disease. Here we report the first establishment and characterization of patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) and cell line models of NF2‐associated schwannoma, which recapitulates the morphological and histopathological features of patient tumors, retain patient NF2 mutations, and maintain gene expression profiles resembling patient tumor profiles with the preservation of multiple key signaling pathways commonly dysregulated in human schwannomas. Using gene expression profiling, we identified elevated PI3K/AKT/mTOR networks in human NF2‐associated vestibular schwannomas. Using high‐throughput screening of 157 inhibitors targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways in vitro, we identified a dozen inhibitors (such as BEZ235, LY2090314, and AZD8055) with significant growth‐suppressive effects. Interestingly, we observed that three cell lines displayed differential therapeutic responses to PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors. Furthermore, we demonstrated that two orally bioavailable inhibitors, AZD8055 and PQR309, suppressed NF2‐associated schwannoma growth both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our novel patient‐derived models of NF2‐associated schwannoma closely mimic the phenotypes and genotypes of patient tumors, making them reliable preclinical tools for testing novel personalized therapies. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Genetics in psychiatry: Methods, clinical applications and future perspectives
Authors: Fabbri Chiara 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPsychiatric disorders and related traits have a demonstrated genetic component, with heritability estimated by twin studies generally between 80% and 40%. Their pathogenesis is complex and multi‐determined: environmental factors interact with a polygenic architecture, making difficult the development of models able to stratify patients or predict mental health outcomes. Despite this difficult challenge, relevant progress has been made in the field of psychiatric genetics in recent years. This review aims to present the main current methods in psychiatric genetics, their output, limitations, clinical applications, and possible future developments. Genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) performed in increasingly large samples have led to the identification of replicated genetic loci associated with the risk of major psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and mood disorders. Statistical and biological approaches have been developed to improve our understanding of the etiopathogenetic mechanisms behind genome‐wide significant associations, as well as for estimating the cumulative effect of risk variants at the individual level and the genetic overlap between different disorders, as pleiotropy is the rule rather than the exception. Clinical applications are available in the pharmacogenetics field. The main issues that remain to be addressed include improving ethnic diversity in genetic studies and the optimization of statistical power through methodological improvements, such as the definition of dimensional phenotypes with specific biological correlates and the integration of different types of omics data.
Ectopic expression of a rice triketone dioxygenase gene confers mesotrione tolerance in soybean
Authors: Dai Shunhong , Georgelis Nikolaos , Bedair Mohamed , Hong Yun‐Jeong , Qi Qungang , Larue Clayton T , Sitoula Bikram , Huang Wei , Krebel Brian , Shepard Michael , Su Wen , Kretzmer Keith , Dong Jiaxin , Slewinski Thomas , Berger Sarah , Ellis Christine , Jerga Agoston , Varagona Marguerite 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDHerbicide‐resistant weeds pose a challenge to agriculture and food production. New herbicide tolerance traits in crops will provide farmers with more options to effectively manage weeds. Mesotrione, a selective pre‐ and post‐emergent triketone herbicide used in corn production, controls broadleaf and some annual grass weeds via hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibition. Recently, the rice HIS1 gene, responsible for native tolerance to the selective triketone herbicide benzobicyclon, was identified. Expression of HIS1 also confers a modest level of mesotrione resistance in rice. Here we report the use of the HIS1 gene to develop a mesotrione tolerance trait in soybean.RESULTSConventional soybean is highly sensitive to mesotrione. Ectopic expression of a codon‐optimized version of the rice HIS1 gene (TDO) in soybean confers a commercial level of mesotrione tolerance. In TDO transgenic soybean plants, mesotrione is rapidly and locally oxidized into noninhibitory metabolites in leaf tissues directly exposed to the herbicide. These metabolites are further converted into compounds similar to known classes of plant secondary metabolites. This rapid metabolism prevents movement of mesotrione from treated leaves into vulnerable emerging leaves. Minimizing the accumulation of the herbicide in vulnerable emerging leaves protects the function of HPPD and carotenoid biosynthesis more generally while providing tolerance to mesotrione.CONCLUSIONSMesotrione has a favorable environmental and toxicological profile. The TDO‐mediated soybean mesotrione tolerance trait described here provides farmers with a new option to effectively manage difficult‐to‐control weeds using familiar herbicide chemistry. This trait can also be adapted to other mesotrione‐sensitive crops (e.g. cotton) for effective weed management. © 2022 Bayer Crop Science. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Infection of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium rileyi suppresses cellular immunity and activates humoral antibacterial immunity of the host Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Wang Jia‐Lin , Yang Ke‐Hui , Wang Si‐Si , Li Xin‐Lin , Liu Jie , Yu Ye‐Xin , Liu Xu‐Sheng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDMetarhizium rileyi is an entomopathogenic fungus with promising potential for controlling agricultural pests, including Spodoptera frugiperda. Following penetration of the host through the cuticle, M. rileyi cells transform into in vivo blastospores or hyphal bodies, propagating within the hemocoel. However, the strategies and molecular mechanisms by which M. rileyi survives upon exposure to the powerful insect immune system remain unclear.RESULTSWe determined the pathogenicity of M. rileyi and found that either conidial immersion or blastospore injection significantly decreased S. frugiperda survival in a dose‐dependent manner. Injection of M. rileyi blastospores decreased the number of S. frugiperda hemocytes and impaired host cellular reactions such as nodulation, encapsulation and phagocytosis. Blastospore injection led to increased antibacterial activity in plasma at 48 h post‐injection (hpi). RNA‐sequencing analyses identified a large number of antimicrobial peptide genes upregulated in the fat body of M. rileyi‐infected larvae at 48 hpi, which may be attributable to the activation of Toll and IMD signaling pathway.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrates that the compromised cellular immunity of the insect host is due to the marked decrease in hemocytes and impaired cellular cytoskeletons, which may facilitate early infection by M. rileyi. Late in the course of infection, the enhanced antibacterial activity of plasma, which may be in response to intestinal evading bacteria, cannot inhibit hyphal growth in hemolymph. Our data provide a comprehensive resource for exploring the molecular mechanism employed by M. rileyi to overcome S. frugiperda immunity. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Thermodynamics and airstreams of a south foehn event in different Alpine valleys
Authors: Jansing Lukas , Sprenger Michael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFoehn flows are associated with a characteristic warming of the respective air in lee‐side valleys. Recent studies about the physical mechanisms question the traditional thermodynamic foehn theory, pointing out the potential role of adiabatic descent and other diabatic processes, besides upstream latent heating in clouds, for the warming. This study applies a kilometre‐scale simulation together with online trajectories and a Lagrangian heat budget to investigate the foehn air warming for an intense, long‐lasting Alpine south foehn period in November 2016. Thereby, the focus lies on the attribution of the warming to adiabatic descent and the different diabatic processes in six foehn valleys, as well as the linkage of the warming processes to different airstreams. Overall, adiabatic warming emerges as the most important process for 57% of all air parcels arriving in the foehn valleys. However, upstream latent heating in clouds is the dominant mechanism for a considerable amount of air parcels (35%). The heat budget analysis reveals a clear transition along the Alps from west to east, whereat diabatic warming constitutes the driving mechanism for western valleys during the central phase of the event, and adiabatic warming dominates the foehn air warming in eastern valleys. The foehn trajectories can be separated into different air‐stream categories according to their diabatic temperature change. Air parcels experiencing strong diabatic heating are transported in an easterly barrier jet in the Po Valley before crossing the Alpine crest. Air parcels experiencing diabatic cooling, in contrast, are advected quasi‐horizontally from the south towards the Alpine crest prior to their descent. The relative strength of the different airstreams therefore determines the dominating warming process. These findings strongly point to the combined importance of adiabatic and diabatic warming mechanisms, which co‐occur with varying relative contributions, depending on the valley and time period of the event.
A robust standard deviation control chart based on square A estimator
Authors: Kao Shih‐Chou 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe estimates of a standard deviation deteriorate the detection ability of control charts by reason of its high biases when the contaminations are present. This study proposes two kinds of square A estimators based on different screenings and compares the values of their mean squared error with those of existing estimators in diffuse and localized disturbances. The effectiveness of Phase II control charts is evaluated when the estimators are contaminated in Phase I using two kinds of disturbances. The proposed estimators perform the best against disturbances, with their average run lengths and expected average run lengths being closer to those in normal cases compared to other estimators.
Analytical variability and uncertainty in canine leukocyte ratios obtained with manual counts
Authors: Moretti Pierangelo , Franchi Roberta , Poluzzi Teresa Maria , Paltrinieri Saverio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to determine the analytical imprecision of calculated neutrophil to lymphocyte (NLR) and lymphocyte to monocyte ratios generated from manual differential white blood cell (WBC) counts in peripheral blood smears, and to describe how to report the uncertainty around a single WBC ratio result. No information on the analytical imprecision of WBC ratios in dogs is available.MethodsCoefficient of variations (CVs) of paired readings of one operator on 105 smears (intraoperator variability) and of three operators on 301 smears (interoperator variability) were calculated. The interoperator agreement was examined with the Fleiss’ kappa coefficient (κ). Observed total errors (TEos), expanded measurement of uncertainty (EMU) and reporting intervals (RIs) were also calculated.ResultsMedian CVs ranged from 3.14 to 28.28 (intraoperator) and from 5.39 to 53.85 (interoperator). No agreement among operators was found around the cut‐offs. TEos were higher than allowable total errors in 32%–88% of smears. EMU ranged from 0.10 to 1.13. According to the RI, the calculated WBC ratios should be rounded to the nearest 10.ConclusionWBC ratios should be interpreted cautiously in dogs. The EMU should be reported to make the clinician aware of the uncertainty of these parameters. For example, an NLR result of 17 is needed to have high confidence that the result is above a cut‐off of 6.
Two Water Stable Phosphate‐Amidinium Based Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Framework with Proton Conduction
Authors: Zheng Shihe , Li Lu , Chen Liangji , Fan Zhiwen , Xiang Fahui , Yang Yisi , Zhang Zhangjing , Xiang Shengchang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTwo water stable phosphate‐amidinium charge‐assisted hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs), HOF‐FJU‐12 ([DPBA⋅PAM]0.5 ⋅ 0.2DMF⋅H2O) and HOF‐FJU‐13 ([DPBA ⋅ 1.5PAM] ⋅ 1.5DMF⋅H2O) (DPBA=3,5‐diphosphonobenzoic acid, PAM=terephtalimidamide, DMF=N,N‐Dimethylformamide) have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction shows that HOF‐FJU‐13 is a layered structure with continuous hydrogen‐bonding networks along a axis, which plays an important role in proton conduction. The highest proton conductivity of HOF‐FJU‐13 (1.14×10−4 S/cm) is about 7.4 times higher than that of HOF‐FJU‐12 (1.54×10−5 S/cm) under the conditions of 60 °C and 98 % relative humidity.
A highly polar hybrid perovskite of [FCH2CH2NH3][Mn(HCOO)3]
Authors: Xiong Li‐Hui , Fan Hui‐Min , Wang Bing‐Wu , Wang Zhe‐Ming , Gao Song 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA new hybrid perovskite of [FCH2CH2NH3][Mn(HCOO)3] has been successfully prepared by utilizing the ammonium of FCH2CH2NH3+, and it is the first example incorporating F‐substituted ammonium in the class of ammonium metal formate framework. The compound crystallizes in polar, orthorhombic space group Pna21, and the cell parameters are a=8.5901(3)–8.7158(6), b=8.4613(3)–8.5216(6), c=12.4837(4)–12.6106(9) Å and V=907.36(5)–936.6(1) Å3 from 80 K up to 410 K just before the decomposition, showing positive thermal expansions in all directions and no structural phase transition in the temperature region. The FCH2CH2NH3+ cation in the cavity of the NaCl‐like Mn‐formate framework adopts N−C−C−F gauche conformation, and its NH3+ and F ends are anchored to the anionic framework by N−H⋅⋅⋅O and C−H⋅⋅⋅F H‐bonds. The large dislocation of the NH3+ end from the anionic framework, about 1.4 Å, results in an estimated high electric polarization about 10 μCcm−2 for the polar structure. The material is also a spin‐canted antiferromagnet with the Néel temperature of 8.3 K.
Data Science-Based Battery Operation Management II
Authors: Liu Kailong , Wang Yujie , Lai Xin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the data science-based management for another three key parts during battery operations including the battery ageing/lifetime prognostics, battery fault diagnosis, and battery charging. For these three key parts, their fundamentals are first given, followed by the case studies of deriving various data science-based solutions to benefit their related operation management.
Data Science-Based Battery Reutilization Management
Authors: Liu Kailong , Wang Yujie , Lai Xin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the data science-based technologies for battery reutilization management, which is the third stage of battery full-lifespan and crucial for the sustainable development of batteries. Battery reutilization mainly includes battery echelon utilization (secondary utilization) and material recycling. During the long-term service of the battery in EVs, the consistency of the battery cell is enlarged and its health would deteriorate. Therefore, the batteries retired from EVs cannot be directly used for secondary utilization. It is necessary to evaluate the residual value of these batteries by using the historical data or the test data, and then sort and regroup them for safe secondary utilization.
Family Planning in India during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Singh Sanghamitra , Muttreja Poonam 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe authors discuss the profound impact of the pandemic on women’s access to family planning services. They show how the interruption in the provision of reproductive health services resulted in a lack of access to contraceptives and consequent unplanned pregnancies and abortions. There was an increase in the unmet need for contraception and a decline in maternity care and immunization. This resulted in an increase in unwanted pregnancies as well as maternal mortality and morbidity.The Population Foundation of India’s analysis of the National Health Mission’s Health Management Information System (HMIS) data to assess the impact of the pandemic on sexual and reproductive health services during the lockdown period (April, 2020–June, 2020) compared to the same period last year showed a 43 percent drop in injectable contraceptives, 50 percent drop in intra-uterine devices (IUDs), and 21 percent drop in oral contraceptives. The highest decrease (59%) was for Centchroman (weekly pill). There was a decline of more than 28 percent in institutional deliveries. A 27 percent decline in ante-natal check-ups (ANC) was observed.The COVID-19 crisis sets back progress made in health services over the past decades. This was significant in the case of reproductive health programs which were adversely affected because financial and manpower resources were diverted to services for COVID-19 patients. The authors provide estimates of the impact of the non-availability of sexual and reproductive health services on women. Suggestions are offered for mitigating the impact of COVID-19 on the health system.
Gender Insights into a Unique Threat to Human Development
Authors: Nath Madhu Bala 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBoth primary and secondary data are examined to study the gender dimensions of the pandemic. While maintaining a focus on health, the author discusses the linkages of health, poverty, and women’s agency. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the human development index that incorporates literacy, income, and life expectancy.COVID-19 has severely impacted women’s reproductive health. Unintended pregnancies, abortions, and maternal mortality have increased as a consequence of the pandemic. The demand for services, especially nutritional services, child immunizations, and family planning services was not met. Research shows that sexual and gender-based violence increased during the pandemic. Mental health problems also increased. All these problems affected women disproportionately. The impact of stigma on women’s health is discussed. Its effect on LGBT communities is underscored. The suicide rate in India was higher than that in other countries in South-East Asia even before the pandemic. COVID-19 exacerbated this problem.The author suggests that the government should support disadvantaged communities including the LGBTQ community by transferring leased assets as an eligible collateral for working capital loans. It is recommended that relief packages for COVID-19 should be reworked so they are gender responsive.COVID-19 is threatening the gains made by India to increase women’s education, livelihood opportunities, and labor-force participation. It is also affecting women’s physical and mental health. The author argues for strengthening women’s agency, a critical imperative for countering these problems.
Communicating COVID: Learnings and Way Forward
Authors: Suneja Nandita , Bose Kaushik 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe authors underscore the importance of five key components of a successful pandemic communication strategy—trust, timeliness, transparency, public, and planning. The rapid dissemination of information in social media and other digital platforms has led to an overabundance of information about COVID-19 and much of it is false. This has been termed by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an ‘infodemic’. Misinformation and disinformation about the origins of the pandemic, how it spread, and how it can be contained, have impacted efforts to save lives. However, several international and national organizations have successfully countered these messages by using low-tech and high-tech technologies to build trust and encourage compliance with public health measures.Drawing on past experiences with previous pandemics, the authors discuss how communication strategies have been refined over time. Examples are provided of the impact of misinformation and dissemination on the pandemic in different countries. The experiences of countries around the world and the Indian experience are analyzed. Based on learnings with various communication approaches, the authors make recommendations for future crises: trust the science, identify credible spokespersons, consistently relay and leverage technologies, invest in digital literacy, sustain media engagement, and build intersectoral cooperation.
Relevance of Social and Behavior Change and Communications in the Media on COVID-19 Response
Authors: Singh Sanghamitra , Muttreja Poonam , Chowdhary Dipa Nag , Kalaan Mandira Kalra 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe important role of social and behavior change and communication strategies in the prevention of infection is discussed. These strategies have two complementary, albeit distinct roles: 1) educate citizens on the health risks of COVID-19; and 2) promote desired behaviors to prevent infection.The authors underscore that messages for the prevention of COVID-19 should be clear and consistent and should be based on scientific evidence. These messages need to be reinforced to promote positive behavior change. They should be empathetic and inclusive and should counter misinformation and fake news. Government of India’s citizen engagement platform ‘MyGov’ has rolled-out a series of campaigns for the prevention of COVID-19. Civil society organizations have complemented the official campaign. The Population Foundation of India developed the Corona Ki Adalat (The court of corona) animation series to disseminate key messages and reinforce a sense of solidarity around the fight against COVID-19.India (and the world) has, for the first time, witnessed an amalgamation of science and mainstream media. The collaboration of the media and public health workers and doctors has been commendable. The authors illustrate this with examples of personalities who stepped-up and gave their time to the media to convey important messages to the public. The last few months have truly witnessed the power of the media and behavior change communications. Until a vaccine becomes widely available, the only way to protect people from COVID-19 and to minimize the burden it places on the public health system is to promote widespread behavior change. And this can only happen through the collaborative efforts of the government, media, public health experts, and civil society organizations.