bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Status Quo of Chinese Public Euthanasia Cognition and Willingness—Based on Field survey in Seven Provinces and thirteen Municipalities
Authors: Zeng Chunyan , Miao Hongbo , Liu Chanjuan , Lu Lu , liu jie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: The issue of euthanasia has always been controversial around the world. At present, China has not implemented euthanasia legislation, but cases of collision are not uncommon.Methods: In order to understand the Chinese public's willingness and perception of euthanasia and the factors that hinder the legalization of euthanasia, the research group conducted a survey in seven provinces and thirteen municipalities from February 2021 to December 2021. We distributed a total of 7,000 questionnaires, and recovered 6,894 valid questionnaires. At the same time, we conducted in-depth interviews with scholars in the field of bioethics, medical workers, and the public. To gain an in-depth understanding of the relevant groups and the general public's about the subjects, 35 interviews were collected.Results: The results showed that, in China, 84.27% of the public were in favor of euthanasia, and the public support was relatively high. At the same time, it showed that of the elderly population was lower than the young ones’; that of the rural population was higher than the urban ones, and that of the terminal ill patients were higher than their relatives. Religious beliefs had little effect on euthanasia willingness.Conclusion: At present, it is immature to implement euthanasia legislation in China, and it still faces challenges from moral, ethical and institutional abuse.
Streaming of disparate blood flows in single ventricles as a possible mechanism for survival in amphibians and human. Opportunities and short-comings of the axolotl salamander heart as model.
Authors: Meyer Sophie Laura , Lauridsen Henrik , Pedersen Kathrine , Andersson Sofie Amalie , Ooij Pim van , Willems Tineke , Berger Rolf , Ebels Tjark , Jensen Bjarke 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Few experimental model systems are available for the rare congenital heart diseases of double inlet left ventricle (DILV), a subgroup of univentricular hearts, and excessive trabeculation, or noncompaction (ET). The long-term survival of certain functionally univentricular heart patients without Fontan circulation is related to favorable intraventricular streaming of blood streams with disparate oxygen saturation. Here, we explore the heart of the axolotl salamander (Ambystoma mexicanum, Shaw 1789) as a model system of these diseases. Aim: To characterize heart function and structure of the axolotl hearts in comparison to human cases of DILV and ET. Methods and Results: Using micro-echocardiography, we assessed the form and function of the heart of the axolotl, an amphibian, and compared this to human DILV (n=3). The main finding was that both in the axolotl and DILV, blood flows of disparate oxygen saturation can stay separated in a single ventricle. Differences were also found: the axolotl has a common ventricular inlet and outlet, whereas in DILV, there are two separate inlets and outlets. The axolotls had a lower resting heart rate compared to DILV (22 versus 72 beats per minute), lower ejection fraction (47 versus 58%), and their oxygen consumption at rest was higher than peak oxygen consumption in DILV (30 versus 17 ml min-1 kg-1). Furthermore, ventricular myocardial organization of axolotl and ET (n=5) was compared with histology showing that trabeculations in ET are closer to the normal human setting than to the axolotl setting. Conclusions: The axolotl heart resembles and models some aspects of DILV and ET.
Compound Effects of Rain, Storm Surge, and River Discharge on Coastal Flooding ­during Hurricane Irene and Tropical Storm Lee (2011) in the Mid-Atlantic Region: Coupled Atmosphere-Wave-Ocean Model Simulation and Observations
Authors: Kerns Brandon , Chen Shuyi S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Coastal flooding from landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) is a major hazard with increasing severity in a warming climate and rising seas. It is difficult to predict because of highly complex compound effects of TC induced heavy rainfall, storm surge, and river discharge. This can be further exacerbated by sequential TCs such as Hurricane Irene and Tropical Storm Lee occurred in late August to mid-September 2011, which caused major coastal flooding in the Mid-Atlantic region. This study focuses on better understanding and improving prediction of the compound effects of rain, storm surge, and river discharge using a high-resolution coupled atmosphere-wave-ocean model, namely Unified Wave INterface – Coupled Model (UWIN-CM) and observations from NDBC buoys, NOAA tide gauges, and USGS estuary sites. UWIN-CM effectively captured the storm track and intensity, surface winds, surface waves, and ocean surface evolution associated with the two storms, compared with the observations. Compound effects of wind, rain, storm surge, and river-stream discharge on coastal flooding are investigated. The storm surge from Hurricane Irene was observed along the coasts Maryland, New Jersey, and New York, Delaware Bay, the lower reaches of the Delaware River, and in lower Chesapeake Bay. Strong onshore wind pushes water upstream, which has the highest compound effects on coastal flooding. TCs induced heavy rain and river-stream discharge into the coastal zone contributed more to the locations upstream away from the open bay water. A new method of estimating the spatial extent of coastal flooding using UWIN-CM simulated sea surface height compares well with that of using observed water height.
Numerical Simulation of Flow in an Artery using One-dimensional System of Hyperbolic Quasilinear PDEs
Authors: Oshin Temitope Alaba , Ehigie Julius O. , Abhulimen Kingsley E. , Chuong Cheng-Jen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The use of mathematical and numerical techniques to elucidate arterial hemodynamics has increased in recent years owing to the prevalence of arterial diseases. Many works have appeared employing three-dimensional models to simulate blood flow in arteries. However, this comes at a huge computational cost and power. In this work, a mathematical model for simulating and predicting blood flow dynamics in an arterial vessel has been developed to meet the teeming need for a computationally-cheap numerical model. The time-dependent one-dimensional hyperbolic system of quasilinear partial differential equations was established from the consideration of physical conservation laws of momentum and mass. This fluid-structure interaction model also incorporates an elastic mural model of the compliant arterial wall material. The combined arterial flow model was solved to simulate flow in the iliac artery using the method of lines. The results revealed that arterial hemodynamics can be adequately captured by a one-dimensional model as proposed. Also, the simulations generated for idealized healthy states could serve as a base model for the numerical simulation of diseased states in the artery.
Hyperglycemic conditions induce rapid cell dysfunction-promoting transcriptional alterations in human aortic endothelial cells
Authors: Bayaraa Odmaa , Inman Claire K. , Thomas Sneha A. , Jallaf Fatima Al , Idaghdour Youssef , Ashall Louise 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Hyperglycemia is a major risk factor in the development of diabetic complications and promotes vascular complications through dysregulation of endothelial cell function. Various mechanisms have been proposed for endothelial cell dysregulation but the early transcriptomic alterations of endothelial cells under hyperglycemic conditions are not well documented. Here we use deep time-series RNA-seq profiling of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) following exposure to normal (NG) and high glucose (HG) conditions over a time course from baseline to 24 hours to identify the early and transient transcriptomic changes, alteration of molecular networks, and their temporal dynamics. The analysis revealed that the most significant pathway activation/inhibition events take place in the 1- to 4-hour transition and identified distinct clusters of genes that underlie a cascade of coordinated transcriptional events unique to HG conditions. Temporal co-expression and causal network analysis implicate the activation of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and growth factor signalling pathways including STAT3 and NF-κB. These results document HAEC transcriptional changes induced by hyperglycemic conditions and provide basic insight into the rapid molecular alterations that promote endothelial cell dysfunction.
Gene signatures and cancer-immune phenotypes based on expression of WTAP and YTHDF1 in breast cancer patients
Authors: Peng Huoping , Sun Zhengkui 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, which serves as a critical regulator of transcript expression, plays an important role in regulating immune response in cancer patients. Wilms’ tumor 1-associated protein (WTAP) and YTH N6-Methyladenosine RNA Binding Protein 1 (YTHDF1) are respectively considered as encoder and reader in m6A regulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between WTAP and YTHDF1 gene and immunological features of breast cancer.Methods: We investigated expression of WTAP and YTHDF1 in 1171 breast cancer samples in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Patients were divided into two groups with a consensus clustering method based on WTAP and YTHDF1 expression. And then, we compared the clinical information of the patients and performed gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to determine the differences in functions between two groups. Immune infiltration analysis was performed using Estimate, CIBERSORT and single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). In addition, the expression of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICIS) targets and tumor mutational burden were assessed in the tumor samples.Results: We determined two distinct groups of breast cancer. Group 1 had higher expression of WTAP and lower expression of YTHDF1, and group 2 expressed reversely. Group 2 had higher N stage and pathological stage compared to group 1. Group1 had stronger immune infiltration and higher expression of ICIS targets. In addition, WGCNA identified 15 genes, that were associated with WTAP and YTHDF1 expression and immune score.Conclusions: WTAP and YTHDF1 affect the immune environment of breast cancer and may have the potential to provide new targets for immunotherapy of patients.
Long-range hybrid plasmonic waveguide of graded-index InGaAsP active layer based on InP
Authors: Al-janaby Watheq Fahem Shneen , Ameen Sabah Mahdi Mohammad 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Indium Phosphide (InP)-based hybrid plasmonic waveguide for nanoscale optical confinement and long-range propagation at wavelength 1.55 µm has been proposed in this paper. In this structure, the InGaAsP layer is designed as a ridge with a gold cap by intervening a ridge of the InP layer between them. InGaAsP lattices are suitable for that of an InP substrate. In1 − xGaxAsyP1−y was graded in refractive index by changing the mole-fraction. Using a graded index, the confinement and the propagation length can be improved compared with the conventional one. Propagation length of 40 µm is achieved with better confinement as compared with the traditional hybrid ones. Changing only the y parameter with constant x, we get a propagation length greater than the inverse case, that is, changing only the parameter x, as well as better than the base case when the scaling is not included in the design. This is in parallel with good results in the mode effective area( Aeff) and Figure-of-merit (FoM) for the same condition of changing y which expresses a good confinement condition. The pioneering program COMSOL Multiphysics was used to simulate the designs proposed in this paper.
Environmental Assessment of Casual Dining Restaurants in Urban and Suburban Areas of Peninsular Malaysia During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sha' Nur Salsabiela Md , Sazali Ummi Syahidah , Zolkipli Ahmad Taufiq , Vargas Roberto Quiros , Shafie Farah Ayuni 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Food waste has been considered a global problem due to its adverse impacts on food security, the environment and the economy; hence needs urgent attention and action. Its generation is still increasing despite the COVID-19 outbreak, which may lead to more waste globally. This study sought the possible environmental impacts of one week of operation of selected casual dining restaurants in urban (Ampang, Kuala Lumpur) and suburban areas (Kota Bharu, Kelantan and Jasin, Melaka) in Peninsular Malaysia during the pandemic. The food waste in this study was classified into three categories: preparation loss, serving loss and customer’s plate waste. Our Material Flow Analysis revealed that the highest food loss in those locations came from preparation loss (51.37%), followed by serving loss (30.95%) and preparation loss (17.8%). Meanwhile, the total average electricity consumption and its carbon footprint for Ampang were 127kWh and 13.87kgCO2e, Kota Bharu 269.8kWh and 29.47kgCO2e, and Jasin 142.2kWh and 15.54kgCO2e, respectively. As for water, Ampang exhibited 22.93m3 total average consumption and 7.91kgCO2e greenhouse emissions from this source, Jasin 17.11m3 and 5.88kgCO2e, and 58.71m3, and Kota Bharu 20.21kgCO2e. Our findings indicate that casual dining restaurants in a suburban area may be a greater carbon emitter than those in the urban area, despite being less developed. Besides, the biggest contributor to food waste generation in this type of restaurant is preparation loss.
Effect of Ethanol Administration on Cadmium and Magnesium Retention in Liver, Kidney and Heart of Rats.
Authors: Ogham Chidi John , DABAK Jonathan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
There was a health challenge in our study area with no known etiology which affected mostly alcoholics. Water quality assessment in the area, indicated that it is contaminated with cadmium and had high magnesium content. The aim of this work, therefore, was to mimic the co-administration of cadmium and magnesium with graded concentrations of alcohol using a rat model to assess the retention of cadmium in the liver, kidney and heart, in order to give a plausible explanation on the cause(s) of this health challenge. To achieve this aim, rats were randomly divided into eight groups of 4 rats per group in metabolic cages. Group 1 served as normal control and fed with animal Feed and Water only. Group 2 was treated with feed and 6% Alcohol only (Test control). Group 3 to 8 were treated with the combination of cadmium and magnesium and graded concentrations of alcohol (aq). Treatment was done for a period of 21 days, after which the rats were sacrificed, and the assessment of the accumulation of these metals in tissues and their excretion in urine were performed by means of dry mineralization method of Zmudzki (1977) and spectrophotometry. The results revealed that ethanol consumption increases the excretion of magnesium in the urine and increases cadmium uptake in these tissues. This means that alcoholics have higher risk of kidney, liver and heart diseases caused by cadmium toxicity in areas where the water source is polluted with cadmium as it is the case with our study area.
Risk of myocarditis after two doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in the US, 2020-2022: a self- controlled case series study
Authors: Lai Daoyuan , Lu Junfeng , Lim Dickson , Wang Han , Zhang Yan Dora 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Myocarditis is considered as a potential safety concern after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination; however, limited studies have quantified its risk in the United States population. We aimed to evaluate the risk of myocarditis after BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) or mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccination. Methods: We performed a self-controlled case series analysis of myocarditis reports to the US Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) that occurred after the COVID-19 mRNA vaccinations from December 24, 2020 to January 28, 2022. We reported the relative incidence (RI) of myocarditis for various periods after COVID-19 mRNA vaccinations as well as the ratio of the RI after the second dose to the RI after the first dose. Results: 1091 VAERS presumptive myocarditis reports after COVID-19 mRNA vaccinations (median age, 23 years; IQR, 17-36 years; 718 individuals [65.8%] < 30 years; 831 men [76.2%]) were identified. The median time to myocarditis onset was 3 days (IQR, 1-6 days). 824 (75.5%) reports were serious, with 11 (1%) death. We found an increased risk during the 1- to 3-day period after the second dose for both vaccines. The RI was 5.38 (95% CI, 2.20-13.26) for the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine and 6.12 (95% CI, 2.04-18.97) for the Moderna vaccine. No significant increase was found in other risk periods. This observation was verified by dividing the RI after the second dose by the RI after the first dose. For the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, the RI for the period 1 through 3 days after the second dose was 6.33 (95% CI, 3.18-12.61) times as high as that for the same period after the first dose; for the Moderna vaccine, the ratio of RIs was 4.24 (95% CI, 1.94-9.25) for the same risk period. No significant RI differences in other risk periods were identified. A similar increased risk was also detected in people aged below 30 or in males.Conclusions: We found an increased risk of myocarditis for period 1 through 3 days after the second dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, especially in male and young adults. Our findings should be interpreted with the limitations of VAERS with considerations with the benefits of receiving COVID-19 mRNA vaccination.
Postoperative Clinical and Functional Outcomes in Patients with Tumor and Tumor-like Lesion of Foot and Ankle
Authors: Kokubu Yasuhiko , Fujiwara Toshifumi , Nakagawa Koh , Setsu Nokitaka , Endo Makoto , Fukushi Jun-ichi , Matsumoto Yoshihiro , Nakashima Yasuharu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Tumors and tumor-like lesions of the foot and ankle are relatively rare and their postoperative clinical outcome has not been well reported.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed medical records of all patients who underwent excision of tumors and tumor-like lesions of the foot and ankle from 2008 to 2020. Preoperative and postoperative clinical outcomes were evaluated by the Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot (JSSF) scales (pain, function, and alignment).
Results
We analyzed 117 consecutive patients. Bone lesions were 51 patients (benign: 45, intermediate malignancy: 1, malignant: 5), and soft tissue lesions were 66 patients (benign: 57, intermediate malignancy: 2, malignant: 7). Four patients (8%) with the bone tumor, and six (9%) with the soft tissue tumor resulted in recurrence. Eight (67%) patients with malignant lesions were alive continuously disease free and followed for a median of 50.5 (range: 18 to 82) months. Amputation at the first operation was done for five cases (33%) of malignant or intermediate malignancy. Postoperative JSSF scores resulted in significant increase (bone lesion, 75.9 ± 13.7 to 91.4 ± 14.9, p < 0.001; soft tissue lesion, 84.7 ± 14.8 to 91.9 ± 12.5, p < 0.001). The score improvement in bone lesions was significantly higher than in soft tissue lesions (p = 0.003).
Conclusion
Tumors and tumor-like lesions of the foot and ankle showed good functional outcomes. Bone lesions exhibited better improvement than soft tissue lesions.
Nano-genome editors accelerate mRNA cleavage through spatial confinement effect and reverse liver fibrosis by chemogene therapy
Authors: Gu Jiayu , Sun Jingfang , Tian Kun , Bian Jinlei , Peng Juanjuan , Xu Shu , Zhao Lingzhi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a chronic disease without effective treatment in the clinic. Gene editing systems such as the well-known CRISPR/Cas9 have shown great potential in the biomedical field. However, the delivery of the ribonucleoprotein is challenged by the large size of Cas9 (> 160 kDa) and the instable RNA probe. Recently, a structure-guided endonuclease (SGN) has been reported as an effectigene-editinging system composed of 35 kDa nuclease and stable DNA probes, which can regulate the protein expression by targeting specific mRNA outside the nucleus. Here, we conjugated the SGN to a nanomicelle as the delivery system. In the resulting material, the chance of the collision between the endonuclease and the probe was raised due to the confinement of the two components within the 40-nm nanomicelle, thus the mRNA can be cleaved immediately after being captured by the probe, resulting in a space-induced nucleotide identification-cleavage acceleration effect. The delivery system was used to treat liver fibrosis via the co-delivery of SGN and a drug rosiglitazone to the hepatic stellate cells, which separately downregulated the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease-1 and inactivated the hepatic stellate cells. The system successfully reversed the liver fibrosis in mice through the bidirectional regulatory that simultaneously promoted the degradation and inhibited the production of the collagen, demonstrating the great potency of the SGN system as gene medicine.
Effect of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor and Angiotensin Receptor Blocker on Oxidative Stress and Metabolism of elements in Kidney of STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Ozcelik Dervis , Tuncdemir Matem 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In diabetes, increased oxidative stress and impaired trace element metabolism have an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of renin-anigiotensin system blockage, either by the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), perindopril, or the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor blocker, irbesartan, on oxidative stress and trace element levels including Zn, Mg, Cu and Fe in the kidneys of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Thirty-two Wistar albino male rats were equally divided into four groups. The first group was used as a control. The second group was made diabetic using a single dose of intraperitoneal STZ. STZ-diabetic rats that treated with irbesartan(15 mg/kg b.w/day) and perindropril(6 mg/kg b.w/day) formed the third and fourth groups, respectively. Biochemical analysis of kidneys revealed a marked increase in oxidative stress demonstrated by increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in diabetic rats' kidneys. In the kidneys of the diabetic rats, the mean levels of Fe and Cu were found significantly higher, in comparison to the control, whereas the mean levels of Zn and Mg were significantly lower than in the control rats. Both perindopril and irbesartan decreased significantly MDA content and increased SOD activities and GSH levels in the kidneys of diabetic rats. The concentrations of Zn and Mg in the kidneys of the diabetic rats that were treated with perindopril and irbesartan were found to be significantly higher than in the untreated STZ-diabetic rats, while Cu and Fe concentrations were significantly lower. The level of Cu was significantly higher in the urinary excretion of rats treated with perindopril and irbesartan, while Zn and Mg were also found to be significantly lower. Although the kidneys of diabetic rats showed degenerative morphological changes, both treatments also ameliorated diabetes-induced histopathological changes in the kidneys. Finally, the present results suggest that modulation of Zn, Mg, Cu and Fe, either by ACE inhibition or by AT1 receptor blockage, may be beneficial in reducing lipid peroxidation and increasing antioxidants levels in diabetic rats' kidneys.