bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomewide Association Study Identifies Copy Number Variants Associated With Warfarin Dose Response and Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in African Americans
Authors: Zhang Honghong , Alarcon Cristina , Cavallari Larisa H. , Nutescu Edith , Carvill Gemma L. , Perera Minoli A. , Hernandez Wenndy 
Published: December 2022

The anticoagulant warfarin is commonly used to control and prevent thrombotic disorders, such as venous thromboembolism (VTE), which disproportionately afflicts African Americans. Despite the importance of copy number variants (CNVs), few studies have focused on characterizing and understanding their role in drug response and disease risk among African Americans. In this study, we conduct the first genome‐wide analysis of CNVs to more comprehensively account for the contribution of genetic variation in warfarin dose requirement and VTE risk among African Americans. We used hidden Markov models to detect CNVs from high‐throughput single‐nucleotide polymorphism arrays for 340 African American participants in the International Warfarin Pharmacogenetics Consortium. We identified 11,570 CNVs resulting in 2,038 copy number variable regions (CNVRs) and found 3 CNVRs associated with warfarin dose requirement and 3 CNVRs associated with VTE risk in African Americans. CNVRs 1q31.2del and 6q14.1del were associated with increased warfarin dose requirement (β = 11.18 and 4.94, respectively; Pemp = < 0.002); CNVR 19p13.31del was associated with decreased warfarin dose requirement (β = −1.41, Pemp = 0.0004); CNVRs (2p22.1del and 5q35.1‐q35.2del) were found to be associated with increased risk of VTE (odds ratios (ORs) = 1.88 and 14.9, respectively; Pemp ≤0.02); and CNVR 10q26.12del was associated with a decreased risk of VTE (OR = 0.6; Pemp = 0.05). Modeling of the 10q26.12del in HepG2 cells revealed that this deletion results in decreased fibrinogen gene expression, decreased fibrinogen and WDR11 protein levels, and decreased secretion of fibrinogen into the extracellular matrix. We found robust evidence that CNVRs could contribute to warfarin dose requirement and risk of VTE in African Americans and for 10q26.3del describe a possible pathogenic mechanism.
Principles of Resonance Energy Transfer
Authors: Szabó Ágnes , Szöllősi János , Nagy Peter 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis unit describes the basic principles of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Beginning with a brief summary of the history of FRET applications, the theory of FRET is introduced in detail using figures to explain all the important parameters of the FRET process. After listing various approaches for measuring FRET efficiency, several pieces of advice are given on choosing the appropriate instrumentation. The unit concludes with a discussion of the limitations of FRET measurements followed by a few examples of the latest FRET applications, including new developments such as spectral flow cytometric FRET, single‐molecule FRET, and combinations of FRET with super‐resolution or lifetime imaging microscopy and with molecular dynamics simulations. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.This article was corrected on 20 December 2022. See the end of the full text for details.
Genetic variation and population structure of Oryza sativa accessions in the AfricaRice collection and development of the AfricaRice O. sativa Core Collection
Authors: Ndjiondjop Marie Noelle , Gouda Arnaud Comlan , Eizenga Georgia C. , Warburton Marilyn L. , Kpeki Sèdjro Bienvenu , Wambugu Peterson W. , Gnikoua Karlin , Tia Daniel Dro , Bachabi Fatimata 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGenetic diversity studies provide an increased understanding of genebank collections and enhance their use for improving global food security. This study explores the genetic variation and population structure of 5738 rice (Oryza sativa L.) accessions representing 39.6% of the O. sativa collection conserved in the AfricaRice genebank of which 74.0% originated from African countries. These accessions were genotyped with 25,904 polymorphic DArTseq‐based single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Genetic distances between pairs of accessions indicate high variability, with 21.0% of pairs being moderately distant and 78.2% highly distant from each other. The genotyped accessions are traditionally grown in six different agro‐ecologies from 73 countries. Using neighbor‐joining tree, principal component, and model‐based population structure analyses, the accessions were divided into four genotypic groups representing the two O. sativa subspecies, Japonica (787 accessions) and Indica, which were further divided into landraces (1879 accessions), and improved cultivars (3027 accessions), and a fourth small group of admixed accessions. Subclusters identifying a specific agro‐ecology (upland, lowland, and mangrove swamp) or originating country were noted. Using the maximum length sub‐tree method, we selected 10% of the total accessions to form the “AfricaRice O. sativa Core Collection” (AROSCC). The subset of 600 O. sativa accessions captures more than 95% of the SNP polymorphisms in the entire collection. The AROSCC is an important resource to support pre‐breeding and rice improvement programs around the world.
A reinforcement learning approach based on convolutional network for dynamic service function chain embedding in IoT
Authors: Wang Shuyi , Yang Longxiang 
Published: December 2022

SummaryNetwork communication technologies are developing rapidly in various scenarios, such as 6G, SDN/NFV, and IoT. And the demand for dynamic service function chain orchestration is increasing day by day. Due to the dynamic complexity of IoT networks, the service function chain (SFC) embedding problem in IoT scenarios is more difficult. In this paper, a reinforcement learning algorithm based on convolutional neural network is first applied to SFC embedding, combined with DQN's experience pool reply and target network mechanism. The proposed scheme is verified in three typical complex networks: Random network, BA scale‐free network, and small‐world network. The experimental data suggest that the applicability of the approach proposed in IoT scenarios and, on the whole, the proposed algorithm can achieve lower latency and faster convergence performance than the mainstream algorithms with the increase of SFC number and node number.
Biomolecular histology as a novel proxy for ancient DNA and protein sequence preservation
Authors: Anderson Landon A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractResearchers' ability to accurately screen fossil and subfossil specimens for preservation of DNA and protein sequences remains limited. Thermal exposure and geologic age are usable proxies for sequence preservation on a broad scale but are of nominal use for specimens of similar depositional environments. Cell and tissue biomolecular histology is thus proposed as a novel proxy for determining sequence preservation potential of ancient specimens with improved accuracy. Biomolecular histology as a proxy is hypothesized to elucidate why fossils/subfossils of some depositional environments preserve sequences while others do not and to facilitate selection of ancient specimens for use in molecular studies.
A novel colony‐stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) translocation involving human endogenous retroviral element in a tenosynovial giant cell tumor
Authors: Lipplaa Astrid , Meijer Debora , van de Sande Michiel A. J. , Gelderblom Hans , Bovée Judith V. M. G. , Mei Hailiang , Szuhai Karoly 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTenosynovial giant cell tumors (TSGCTs) are rare tumors arising in tendons or the synoviae of joints and bursae. The localized type is benign while the diffuse type shows expansive growth leading to greater morbidity and is therefore considered locally aggressive. Typical recurrent chromosomal aberrations are found in the majority of TSCGT and the CSF1 gene is frequently involved. In this article, we describe a newly identified gene fusion mediated by an inversion in a case of diffuse TSGCT. Multicolor‐fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) molecular karyotyping identified a pericentric inversion of chromosome 1 in 7 out of 17 analyzed cells 46,XX,inv(1)(p13.3q24.3) [7]/46,XX [10], and with interphase FISH the involvement the CSF1 locus was detected. After performing transcriptome sequencing analysis for fusion detection, only one out of five fusion gene algorithms detected a fusion involving the CSF1 gene product. The resulting chimera fuses a sequence from a human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) gene to CSF1 Exon 6 on chromosome 1, abrogating the regulatory element of the 3′ untranslated region of the CSF1 gene. This new translocation involving Exon 6 of the CSF1 gene fused to 1q24.1, supports the hypothesis that a mutated CSF1 protein is likely to play a vital role in the pathogenesis of TSGCT. The role of the HERV partner identified as a translocation partner, however, remains unclear. Our data add to the complexity of involved translocation partners in TSGCT and point to the potential difficulty of identifying fusion partners in tumor diagnostics using transcriptome sequencing when HERV or other repeat elements are involved.
Life cycle assessment of carbon capture and storage in saline aquifers for coal‐fired power generation: An Indian scenario
Authors: Gupta Abhishek , Paul Akshoy Ranjan , Haque Nawshad 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHuman activity is causing an increase in the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) resulting in global climate change. The use of carbon capture and storage (CCS) in energy supply systems is one method of reducing GHG emissions. Three pulverized coal‐fired power stations near the Krishna–Godavari basin with and without CCS have been evaluated using the life cycle assessment and economical approach. Mono‐ethanolamine (MEA) postcombustion CO2 capture, compression, transportation with the pipeline, and storage in the Krishna–Godavari basin are all part of the CCS system. Up to 89% of power plants’ CO2 emissions can potentially be reduced. The retrofitting of a CO2 capture unit into a power plant adds the most to emissions and the cost of the CCS system. There is a 66% rise in the electricity cost when CCS is implemented in an existing power station, with a capital cost of about US$3.4billion. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
China's wandering elephants: Integrating exceptional movements into conservation planning
Authors: Campos‐Arceiz Ahimsa , de la Torre J. Antonio , Wei Ke , Wu Xiaoyu O. , Zhang Yang , Zhu Yufei , Yang Zicheng , Chen Shu , Bai Yang , Corlett Richard T. , Chen Fei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn May‐June 2021 a herd of wild Asian elephants made global headlines when they trekked hundreds of km into areas where elephants had been absent for centuries, mobilizing a response of unprecedented scale. Here, we analyze the movement attributes and body condition of these elephants to understand this unusual behavior and its implications for megafauna conservation in the Anthropocene. We propose that these movements are a form of partial and irruptive nomadic behavior, although the data is also compatible with a failed attempt of dispersal. In their path to Kunming, the elephants made unusual habitat choices, using landscapes with higher nightlight intensity, and moving close to towns and villages, while avoiding areas with high forest cover, which we interpret as habituation to feeding on crops and lack of fear of people. Fifteen months after starting their journey, the elephants showed high body condition scores and had successfully delivered two babies, both indicators of good health, suggesting that their decision to leave their previous home range had paid off. In China, we recommend an elephant conservation strategy founded on area‐based and area‐specific measures, including protected areas, landscape connectivity, and the mitigation of human‐elephant conflicts, as well as preparedness for expectable population range expansions, potentially on the scale of hundreds of km, in the coming decades. Our study highlights the ecological and behavioral plasticity of elephants and the importance of integrating movement ecology in conservation planning, especially for wide‐ranging species.
The work experiences and needs of lone community psychologists: Exploring diversity of settings and identities
Authors: Shaw Jessica , Bailey Caroline , Danylkiv Anastasiya , Kashyap Maya , Chávez Noé Rubén , Voight Adam 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCommunity psychologists (CPs) are committed to value‐based praxis, an interdisciplinary orientation, and an ecological approach to community collaboration in pursuit of social justice and liberation. Because no setting is immune to the impacts of the intersecting systems of oppression in which we are embedded, CPs end up working in a wide array of settings, and often as the only CP in the setting. This dynamic—operating as a “lone” CP—may be rewarding as the CP is able to provide unique value at work, or may present specific challenges, particularly if the CP's sense of community or mattering is compromised. We interviewed n = 31 lone CP to explore their work experiences, including the benefits, challenges, and what they need to thrive in their current setting. Findings reveal a wide array of experiences among CPs, related to their community psychology, and other identities. Participants consistently discussed the important role of values in their decision‐making and experiences at work, and provide specific recommendations as to how the Society for Community Research and Action (SCRA) can ensure all CPs across all settings can thrive. This includes providing more tangible and relational support, changing SCRA's culture and priorities, and improving community psychology undergraduate and graduate training.
A pilot study of local anesthesia training using a mixed‐reality haptic fidelity model
Authors: Lamira Jensine M. , Wilson Charlotte S. , Leppek Noah C. , Orr Caley M. , De la Rosa Laurice M. , Greany Thomas J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose/ObjectivesOne of the most difficult local anesthetic blocks to master in dentistry is the inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB). Historically, dental students have practiced local anesthesia on one another. At the University of Colorado, these practice sessions have been limited to one required laboratory session. The predictability and confidence of student IANB success have not been high in the past. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the impact of a novel IANB simulator, built on a three dimensional (3D)‐printed mixed‐reality haptic model, for second‐year dental students to practice on prior to their laboratory session.MethodsThirty‐nine student participants volunteered to practice with the IANB simulator. Participants were divided into two groups, Group A and Group B. Self‐reported confidence and injection‐specific accuracy were measured during IANB simulator practice and the laboratory session. During lab, partner numbness was assessed as a measure of IANB success. Groups A (n = 20) and B (n = 19) practiced with the simulator before and after laboratory, respectively. Injection domains were not assessed during Group B's practice with the IANB simulator.ResultsSelf‐reported confidence increased for both groups (p < 0.001). However, for anesthetic success, Group A exhibited significantly greater success (52.6%) than Group B (17.6%) (p = 0.029).ConclusionSelf‐reported confidence in performing an IANB improved and higher anesthetic success was achieved for Group A. Further investigation is necessary to determine the long‐term impact of using the IANB simulator in dental education.
Bias propagation in network meta‐analysis models
Authors: Li Hua , Shih Ming‐Chieh , Song Cheng‐Jie , Tu Yu‐Kang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNetwork meta‐analysis combines direct and indirect evidence to compare multiple treatments. As direct evidence for one treatment contrast may be indirect evidence for other treatment contrasts, biases in the direct evidence for one treatment contrast may affect not only the estimate for this particular treatment contrast but also estimates of other treatment contrasts. Because network structure determines how direct and indirect evidence are combined and weighted, the impact of biased evidence will be determined by the network geometry. Thus, this study's aim was to investigate how the impact of biased evidence spreads across the whole network and how the propagation of bias is influenced by the network structure. In addition to the popular Lu & Ades model, we also investigate bias propagation in the baseline model and arm‐based model to compare the effects of bias in the different models. We undertook extensive simulations under different scenarios to explore how the impact of bias may be affected by the location of the bias, network geometry and the statistical model. Our results showed that the structure of a network has an important impact on how the bias spreads across the network, and this is especially true for the Lu & Ades model. The impact of bias is more likely to be diluted by other unbiased evidence in a well‐connected network. We also used a real network meta‐analysis to demonstrate how to use the new knowledge about bias propagation to explain questionable results from the original analysis.
An in vitro comparison of three nucleus pulposus removal techniques for partial intervertebral disc replacement: An ultra‐high resolution MRI study
Authors: Rahman Tamanna , Baxan Nicoleta , Murray Robert T. , Tavana Saman , Schaer Thomas P. , Smith Nigel , Bull Jonathan , Newell Nicolas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundNuclectomy, also known as nucleotomy, is a percutaneous surgical procedure performed to remove nucleus material from the center of the disc. Multiple techniques have been considered to perform a nuclectomy, however, the advantages and disadvantages of each are not well understood.AimsThis in vitro biomechanical investigation on human cadaveric specimens aimed to quantitatively compare three nuclectomy techniques performed using an automated shaver, rongeurs, and laser.Material & MethodsComparisons were made in terms of mass, volume and location of material removal, changes in disc height, and stiffness. Fifteen vertebra–disc–vertebra lumbar specimens were acquired from six donors (40 ± 13 years) and split into three groups. Before and after nucleotomy axial mechanical tests were performed and T2‐weighted 9.4T MRIs were acquired for each specimen.ResultsWhen using the automated shaver and rongeurs similar volumes of disc material were removed (2.51 ± 1.10% and 2.76 ± 1.39% of the total disc volume, respectively), while considerably less material was removed using the laser (0.12 ± 0.07%). Nuclectomy using the automated shaver and rongeurs significantly reduced the toe‐region stiffness (p = 0.036), while the reduction in the linear region stiffness was significant only for the rongeurs group (p = 0.011). Post‐nuclectomy, 60% of the rongeurs group specimens showed changes in the endplate profile while 40% from the laser group showed subchondral marrow changes.DiscussionFrom the MRIs, homogeneous cavities were seen in the center of the disc when using the automated shaver. When using rongeurs, material was removed non‐homogeneously both from the nucleus and annulus regions. Laser ablation formed small and localized cavities suggesting that the technique is not suitable to remove large volumes of material unless it is developed and optimized for this application.ConclusionThe results demonstrate that both rongeurs and automated shavers can be used to remove large volumes of NP material but the reduced risk of collateral damage to surrounding tissues suggests that the automated shaver may be more suitable.
Introducing sedum affects root‐soil interface phytoremediation of heavy metals in lei bamboo forest and potential risks from edible bamboo shoots
Authors: Bian Fangyuan , Zhang Xiaoping , Zhong Zheke , Wen Xing , Xiu Chengming , Li Qiaoling , Huang Zhiyuan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroducing hyperaccumulators in bamboo forests is an efficient method for heavy metals (HMs) pollution control. HMs can be transferred from soil to bamboo and accumulate in edible bamboo shoots. However, how phytoremediation or cropping systems affect root‐soil interface and transference of HMs from soil to bamboo shoots is unknown. In this study, lei bamboo and Sedum plumbizincicola were planted as a monoculture and intercropping system (bamboo/sedum) on contaminated land. Soil properties, rhizosphere bacterial communities, and HMs concentrations in plants and soils were compared among bamboo in monoculture (B), bamboo in intercropping (BI), sedum in intercropping (SI), and sedum in monoculture (S). In BI, the total nitrogen was 10.8% lower, while total organic carbon (TOC) was 12.3% higher than in B; HMs removal amount in BI was higher than in B, especially cadmium. Intercropping increased the HMs concentrations, bioconcentration factor, translocation factor, and hazard quotient of bamboo shoots. Significant differences in bacterial community structures were confirmed by principal coordinate analysis. Gemmatimonadetes, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Kaistobacter were identified as biomarkers that increased significantly in intercropping, enhancing the diversity of ecological functions in the rhizosphere. Redundancy analysis revealed that rhizosphere bacterial communities were significantly correlated with soil properties, especially TOC and available phosphorus. Intercropping could remarkably alter soil chemical and microbiological properties and facilitate ecosystem restoration by enhancing soil TOC sequestration, activating rhizobacterial community at the root‐soil interface, and finally increasing HMs removal. As the consumption of bamboo shoots grown in contaminated soils may pose health risks, more attention is needed on this issue in phytoremediation studies.
High‐Performance Supramolecular Adhesives
Authors: Sun Peng , Qin Bo , Xu Jiang‐Fei , Zhang Xi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSupramolecular adhesives have gained broad attention from both scientific and industrial aspects by virtue of their dynamic and reversible bonding properties. Although considerable achievements have been made in the exploration of noncovalent interactions for supramolecular adhesives, developing high‐performance supramolecular adhesives has remained a great challenge. Recently, by combining well‐developed noncovalent interactions with rational design strategies, strong and functional supramolecular adhesives have been constructed. From this perspective, the latest developments of high‐performance supramolecular adhesives and their design notions will be discussed. At first, supramolecular adhesives with high bonding strengths are focused. By improving mechanical properties and enhancing interfacial interactions, the adhesion strength of supramolecular adhesive has been increased substantially. Secondly, supramolecular adhesives with various functionalities, such as underwater adhesion and conductivity, are introduced. By removing the hydration layer and incorporating conductive components, underwater and conductive supramolecular adhesives have been fabricated. At last, current challenges and future opportunities in this rapidly developing field will be discussed. It is highly anticipated that this perspective will provide guidance for the construction of supramolecular adhesives with desirable bonding strengths and tailor‐made functionalities.