bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial and neighborhood disparities in mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the United States: An analysis of the CDC case surveillance database
Authors: Joseph Atarere , Uribe-Leitz Tarsicio , Dey Tanujit , Havens Joaquim , Cooper Zara , Raykar Nakul 
Published: November 2022

Background
Black and Hispanic populations have higher overall COVID-19 infection and mortality odds compared to Whites. Some state-wide studies conducted in the early months of the pandemic found no in-hospital racial disparities in mortality.

Methods
We performed chi-square and logistic regression analyses on the CDC COVID-19 Case Surveillance Restricted Database. The primary outcome of the study was all-cause in-hospital mortality. The primary exposures were racial group (White, Black, Hispanic and Others) and neighborhood type (low vulnerability, moderate vulnerability, high vulnerability, very high vulnerability).

Findings
The overall unadjusted mortality rate was 33% and was lowest among Hispanics. In the fully adjusted models, Blacks and Hispanics had higher overall odds of dying [OR of 1.20 (95% CI 1.15, 1.25) and 1.23 (95% CI 1.17, 1.28) respectively] compared with White patients, and patients from neighborhoods with very high vulnerability had the highest mortality odds in the Northeast, Midwest and overall [Adjusted OR 2.08 (95% CI 1.91, 2.26)]. In the Midwest, Blacks and Hispanics had higher odds of mortality compared with Whites, but this was not observed in other regions.

Interpretation
Among hospitalized COVID-19 patients, Blacks and Hispanics were more likely to die compared to Whites in the Midwest. Patients from highly vulnerable neighborhoods also had the highest likelihood of death in the Northeast and Midwest. These results raise important questions on our efforts to curb healthcare disparities and structural racism in the healthcare setting.
Optic nerve sheath diameter in patients with hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Colak Nese , Bayrak Basakci Ozlem , Bayram Basak , Aksay Ersin , Simsek Muhammet Kursat , Karabay Nuri 
Published: November 2022

Background
This study aims to reveal whether the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) increases in hepatic encephalopathy (HE) patients, and to determine ONSD is associated with the poor prognosis of patients with HE.

Methods and material
In this retrospective case-control study, HE patients who underwent cranial computerized tomography (CT) were included in the case group; and the patients who underwent CT for other reasons for the same age and gender and were normally interpreted were included in the control group. ONSD measurements in the case and control groups and clinical grades of HE with in-hospital mortality and ONSD measurements were compared in the case group.

Results
This study was done with 74 acute HE patients and 74 control patients. The mean age was 62.9 ± 11.0 years and 67.6% of patients were male in both groups. The ONSD in the case group was higher than the control group (5.27-mm ± 0.82 vs 4.73 mm ± 0.57, p <0.001). In the case group, the ONSD was 5.30 mm ± 0.87 in survivors, and 5.21 ± 0.65 in non-survivors (P = 0.670). There was no significant difference between the West Haven HE grade (P = 0.348) and Child-Pugh Score (P = 0.505) with ONSD measurements.

Conclusion
We have shown that ONSD increases in HE patients compared to the control group. ONSD was not related to the Child-Pugh Score, HE grade, and in-hospital mortality.
Mental health services accessibility for women and men: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bezerra Héllyda de Souza , de Araújo Ivani Iasmim , Nunes Aryelly Dayane da Silva , Barbosa Isabelle Ribeiro 
Published: November 2022

Introduction
Mental and behavioral disorders constitute a serious public health problem and require adequate access among women and men for promotion, prevention and treatment of mental illness.

Methods and analysis
For the writing of this protocol we will use the guidelines of the PRISMA-P Checklist (Main Items for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyzes). This protocol was registered under the number: CRD42021243263. To this end, research will be conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL and ScienceDirect databases in search of cross-sectional studies that assess the prevalence of access to mental health services among women and men. All cross-sectional studies that examined the prevalence of mental health services accessibility among women and men will be included. The search will be conducted by two independent researchers who will identify the articles; they will exclude duplicate studies. Through a blinded assessment, they will select articles using the Rayyan QCRI application. The methodological quality of the included studies will be assessed by the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies. Meta-analyses will be performed according to the conditions of the included data.

Ethics and disclosure
For the development of this study, there is no need for ethical review, as this is a systematic review that will use secondary studies. The conclusions of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and condensed abstracts to key stakeholders and partners in the field. The database search is scheduled to start on May 10th, 2021. The entire review process is expected to be completed by August 30th, 2021.
Health-related quality of life and coping strategies adopted by COVID-19 survivors: A nationwide cross-sectional study in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Anwar , Shafin Rubayet , Ahmed Md. Shahoriar , Rana Md. Shohag , Walton Lori Maria , Raigangar Veena , Ara Tasnim , Rasel Md. Aminul Hoque , Hossain Mohammad Sohrab , Kabir Md. Feroz , Islam Mir Raihanul , Hasan Md. Nazmul , Hossain Md. Delowar , Rumana Farjana Sharmin , Jahid Iqbal Kabir 
Published: November 2022

Introduction
This study aims to investigate the health-related quality of life and coping strategies among COVID-19 survivors in Bangladesh.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study of 2198 adult, COVID-19 survivors living in Bangladesh. Data were collected from previously diagnosed COVID-19 participants (confirmed by an RT-PCR test) via door-to-door interviews in the eight different divisions in Bangladesh. For data collection, Bengali-translated Brief COPE inventory and WHO Brief Quality of Life (WHO-QoLBREF) questionnaires were used. The data collection period was from October 2020 to March 2021.

Results
Males 72.38% (1591) were more affected by COVID-19 than females 27.62% (607). Age showed significant correlations (p<0.005) with physical, psychological and social relationships, whereas gender showed only a significant correlation with physical health (p<0.001). Marital status, occupation, living area, and co-morbidities showed significant co-relation with all four domains of QoL (p<0.001). Education and affected family members showed significant correlation with physical and social relationship (p<0.001). However, smoking habit showed a significant correlation with both social relationship and environment (p<0.001). Age and marital status showed a significant correlation with avoidant coping strategies (p<0.001); whereas gender and co-morbidities showed a significant correlation with problem-focused coping strategies (p<0.001). Educational qualification, occupation and living area showed significant correlation with all three coping strategies(p<0.001).

Conclusion
Survivors of COVID-19 showed mixed types of coping strategies; however, the predominant coping strategy was avoidant coping, followed by problem-focused coping, with emotion-focused coping reported as the least prevalent. Marital status, occupation, living area and co-morbidities showed a greater effect on QoL in all participants. This study represents the real scenario of nationwide health-associated quality of life and coping strategies during and beyond the Delta pandemic.
A global compactness result with applications to a Hardy-Sobolev critical elliptic system involving coupled perturbation terms
Authors: Wang Lu Shun , Yang Tao , Yang Xiao Long 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this article, we study a Hardy-Sobolev critical elliptic system involving coupled perturbation terms:
(0.1)

−
Δ
u
+

V

1

(

x

)

u
=

η

1

η

1

+

η

2

∣
u
∣

η

1

−
2

u

∣
v
∣

η

2

∣
x
′
∣

+

α

α
+
β

Q

(

x

)

∣
u

∣

α
−
2

u
∣
v

∣

β

,

−
Δ
v
+

V

2

(

x

)

v
=

η

2

η

1

+

η

2

∣
v
∣

η

2

−
2

v

∣
u
∣

η

1

∣
x
′
∣

+

β

α
+
β

Q

(

x

)

∣
v
∣

β
−
2

v

∣
u
∣

α

,

\left\{\begin{array}{c}-\Delta u+{V}_{1}\left(x)u=\frac{{\eta }_{1}}{{\eta }_{1}+{\eta }_{2}}\frac{{| u| }^{{\eta }_{1}-2}u{| v| }^{{\eta }_{2}}}{| x^{\prime} | }+\frac{\alpha }{\alpha +\beta }Q\left(x)| u{| }^{\alpha -2}u| v{| }^{\beta },\\ -\Delta v+{V}_{2}\left(x)v=\frac{{\eta }_{2}}{{\eta }_{1}+{\eta }_{2}}\frac{{| v| }^{{\eta }_{2}-2}v{| u| }^{{\eta }_{1}}}{| x^{\prime} | }+\frac{\beta }{\alpha +\beta }Q\left(x){| v| }^{\beta -2}v{| u| }^{\alpha },\end{array}\right.

where

n
≥
3

n\ge 3

,

2
≤
m
<
n

2\le m\lt n

,

x
≔

(

x
′
,

x

″

)

∈

R

m

×

R

n
−
m

x:= \left(x^{\prime} ,{x}^{^{\prime\prime} })\in {{\mathbb{R}}}^{m}\times {{\mathbb{R}}}^{n-m}

,

η

1

,

η

2

>
1

{\eta }_{1},{\eta }_{2}\gt 1

, and

η

1

+

η

2

=

2

(

n
−
1

)

n
−
2

{\eta }_{1}+{\eta }_{2}=\frac{2\left(n-1)}{n-2}

,

α
,
β
>
1

\alpha ,\beta \gt 1

and

α
+
β
<

2
n

n
−
2

\alpha +\beta \lt \frac{2n}{n-2}

, and

V

1

(

x

)

,

V

2

(

x

)

,
Q

(

x

)

∈
C

(

R

n

)

{V}_{1}\left(x),{V}_{2}\left(x),Q\left(x)\in C\left({{\mathbb{R}}}^{n})

. Observing that (0.1) is doubly coupled, we first develop two efficient tools (i.e., a refined Sobolev inequality and a variant of the “Vanishing” lemma). On the previous tools, we will establish a global compactness result (i.e., a complete description for the Palais-Smale sequences of the corresponding energy functional) and some existence result for (0.1) via variational method. Our strategy turns out to be very concise because we avoid the use of Levy concentration functions and truncation techniques.
Processing of Information from Risk Maps in India and Germany: The Influence of Cognitive Reflection, Numeracy, and Experience
Authors: Berger Thomas , Hooge Ignace T. C. , Trivedi Pankaj 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The use of risk maps is widespread and also mentioned in risk management standards. These visualizations display sets of risks by plotting each risk along two axes, representing the probability of occurrence and impact. Using an eye-tracking methodology, data on the cognitive processing of information from such risk maps were collected in order to examine why certain decisions are taken and what may influence their comprehension of this information. Data were collected from German and Indian participants. Those two countries are interesting for this study, as they differ greatly in several relevant domains like uncertainty avoidance or individualism. We found that individuals are generally able to perform a visual search task using a risk map but have more difficulty in making comparisons between two risks based on this type of visualization. The findings suggest that performance was related to cognitive reflection and that participants who reflected more on their decisions had a higher share of their fixations on target regions. In line with existing research, there seems to be evidence to support that cultural influences are at play when people work with risk maps, as Indians paid more attention to the context of the risk map’s target region. The influence of familiarity with working with risk maps was unclear, as there were some differences in eye movements visible but not for all variants.
Analysis of the equilibrium points and orbits stability for the asteroid 93 Minerva
Authors: Liu Hu , Jiang Yu , Lang Anqi , Wang Yajie , Zou Xiaoduan , Ping Jinsong , Chang Yutong , Yang Yongzhang , Zheng Chen , Lian Yi , Cao Jianfeng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this article, we study the orbital dynamics with the gravitational potential of the asteroid 93 Minerva using an irregular shape model from observations. We calculate its physical size, physical mass, surface height, and zero-velocity surface. Meanwhile, we recognize that there are five equilibrium points around Minerva, four of which are external, and one is internal. Two of the external equilibrium points are stable and near the

y

y

-axis, while two external equilibrium points are unstable and near the

x

x

-axis. In addition, we study the changes in the number, position, and topological case of the equilibrium points when changing the spin speed and the density. We calculate the gravitational force acceleration of the polyhedron model, and we back up our calculations by simulating the orbit of one moonlet under the gravitational force acceleration of Minerva. With the simulation result, we demonstrate the existence of stable orbits around Minerva.
Biomarkers in the management of lung cancer: changing the practice of thoracic oncology
Authors: Melichar Bohuslav 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Lung cancer currently represents a leading cause of cancer death. Substantial progress achieved in the medical therapy of lung cancer during the last decade has been associated with the advent of targeted therapy, including immunotherapy. The targeted therapy has gradually shifted from drugs suppressing general mechanisms of tumor growth and progression to agents aiming at transforming mechanisms like driver mutations in a particular tumor. Knowledge of the molecular characteristics of a tumor has become an essential component of the more targeted therapeutic approach. There are specific challenges for biomarker determination in lung cancer, in particular a commonly limited size of tumor sample. Liquid biopsy is therefore of particular importance in the management of lung cancer. Laboratory medicine is an indispensable part of multidisciplinary management of lung cancer. Clinical
Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) has played and will continue playing a major role in updating and spreading the knowledge in the field.
Mannheim curves and their partner curves in Minkowski 3-space E
1
3
Authors: Elsharkawy Ayman , Elshenhab Ahmed M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The modified orthogonal frame is an important tool to study analytic space curves whose curvatures have discrete zero points. In this article, by using the modified orthogonal frame, Mannheim curves and their partner curves are investigated in Minkowski 3-space. Some characterizations according to the curvatures and torsions of the curves are given. Finally, some relations under the conditions for Mannheim curves and their partner curves to be generalized helices are presented. All the possible cases for the partner curves to be spacelike and timelike are considered in the whole of the article.
Two identities and closed-form formulas for the Bernoulli numbers in terms of central factorial numbers of the second kind
Authors: Chen Xue-Yan , Wu Lan , Lim Dongkyu , Qi Feng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this article, the authors present two identities involving products of the Bernoulli numbers, provide four alternative proofs for these two identities, derive two closed-form formulas for the Bernoulli numbers in terms of central factorial numbers of the second kind, and supply simple proofs of series expansions of (hyperbolic) cosecant and cotangent functions.
Corrosion study of 430 stainless steel with cobalt electrodeposited obtained from the recycling of Li-ion batteries
Authors: Taroco Hosane A. , Gonçalves Sicele L. A. , Garcia Eric M. , Taroco Cristiane G. , Melo Julio O. F. , Souza Amauri G. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this paper an interesting alternative for recycling of Li-ion battery cathode and and improving the corrosion resistance of 430 stainless steel is presented. The spent cathode composition has molecular formula approximately LiCoO2. The cobalt electrodeposition onto 430 SS was performed using the cobalt bath obtained by spent LiCoO2 lixiviation. In air atmosphere and high temperatures the metallic cobalt is transformed into a Co3O4 layer that acts as protection against chromium volatilization. This was confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and scanning eletron microscopy measurements. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements, in 0.5 M H2SO4 after thermal treatment at 600, 700 and 800 °C show that the cobalt electrodeposition is efficient in mitigating the effects of corrosion when 430 stainless steel is subjected to high temperatures.
Affix substitution in Indonesian: A computational modeling approach
Authors: Denistia Karlina , Baayen R. Harald 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Indonesian has two noun-forming prefixes, PE- and PEN-, that often stand in a paradigmatic relation to verbal base words with the prefixes BER- and MEN-. The central question addressed in the present study is whether the form similarities between PEN- and MEN- make PEN- easier to learn compared to PE-. To address this question, we made use of a computational model, the ‘discriminative lexicon’ (DL) model. We trained this model on 2,517 word forms that were inflected or derived variants of 99 different base words. Of these word forms, 109 were nouns with PE- and 221 words were nouns with PEN-. Both the production and the comprehension networks of the model performed with high accuracy for both prefixes. However, the model was able to provide more precise predictions for PE- as compared to PEN-, implying that PE- should have a processing advantage compared to PEN-. There are two reasons for why PE- is learned more robustly than PEN-. First, PE- words tend to be longer and hence have more discriminative triphones. Second, due to cue competition with MEN-, the prefixal triphones of PEN- are less effective cues than those of PE-. A measure of functional load is proposed that helps clarify the relative importance of the triphones in the prefixes and those straddling the boundary between prefix and stem. Our results shed further light on the productivity paradox, role of junctural phonotactics, and (dis)functionality of affix substitution.
Crystal structure of S-2-(1-(5-methylpyridin-2-ylamino)octyl)-3-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione, C24H28N2O3
Authors: Chen Qing-Gang , Wan Wei , Peng Guo-Ying , Huang Chang-gan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
[C24H28N2O3], monoclinic, P121/n, a = 12.8878(5) Å, b = 27.5641(11) Å, c = 13.0517(6) Å, β = 111.908(2)∘, V = 4301.7(3) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0576, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1749, T = 296(2) K.
Regulation of cGAS activity by RNA‐modulated phase separation
Authors: Chen Silian , Rong Miao , Lv Yun , Zhu Deyu , Xiang Ye 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCyclic GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS) is a double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) sensor that functions in the innate immune system. Upon binding dsDNA, cGAS and dsDNA form phase‐separated condensates in which cGAS catalyzes the synthesis of 2′3′‐cyclic GMP‐AMP that subsequently triggers a STING‐dependent, type I interferon (IFN‐I) response. Here, we show that cytoplasmic RNAs regulate cGAS activity. We discover that RNAs do not activate cGAS but rather promote phase separation of cGAS in vitro. In cells, cGAS colocalizes with RNA and forms complexes with RNA. In the presence of cytoplasmic dsDNA, RNAs colocalize with phase‐separated condensates of cGAS and dsDNA. Further in vitro assays showed that RNAs promote the formation of cGAS‐containing phase separations and enhance cGAS activity when the dsDNA concentration is low. Cotransfection of RNA with a small amount of dsDNA into THP1 cells significantly enhances the production of the downstream signaling molecule interferon beta (IFNB). This enhancement can be blocked by a cGAS‐specific inhibitor. Thus, cytoplasmic RNAs could regulate cGAS activity by modulating the formation of cGAS‐containing condensates.
Confounding effects of liquorice, hydrocortisone, and blood contamination on salivary cortisol but not cortisone
Authors: Imamovic Marcus , Bäcklund Nils , Lundstedt Staffan , Brattsand Göran , Aardal Elisabeth , Olsson Tommy , Dahlqvist Per 
Published: November 2022

Objective
To determine the effects of liquorice consumption, topical hydrocortisone, and blood contamination on salivary cortisol and cortisone concentrations.

Design and methods
Thirty healthy volunteers were randomized to a low, medium, or high dose of liquorice. Late-night saliva samples were collected using a Salivette® collection device at baseline, during 1 week of daily liquorice consumption, and during 4 weeks' washout. Saliva sampling was also performed before and after the application of topical hydrocortisone on the skin. Furthermore, in a subgroup (n  = 16), saliva and venous blood were collected from each individual and mixed to achieve graded blood contamination in saliva. Salivary cortisol and cortisone were analyzed with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Results
Significant increases in salivary cortisol concentrations were observed during medium- (+49%) and high-dose (+97%) liquorice intake, which returned to baseline 4 days after liquorice withdrawal. Topical hydrocortisone on fingers holding the collection swab increased salivary cortisol concentrations >1000-fold with concomitant pronounced elevation of the cortisol:cortisone ratio. Salivary cortisol increased significantly after contamination with blood ≥0.5%. Visual examination could safely detect these samples. Salivary cortisone concentrations were unaffected by liquorice consumption and blood contamination, and only marginally affected by topical hydrocortisone.

Conclusion
Liquorice, topical hydrocortisone, and blood contamination may all cause elevated salivary cortisol concentrations. Improved sampling instructions and visual examination of the sample may minimize these risks. Salivary cortisone is essentially unaffected by the different preanalytical confounders and may be used as a first-line screening test for Cushing's syndrome.
UN MÉTODO FORMAL PARA LA ARMONIZACIÓN CONCEPTUAL DEL EQUILIBRIO QUÍMICO
Authors: Patiño-Sierra Diego Fernando , Barragán Daniel 
Published: November 2022

La conceptualización es el principal reto que se debe afrontar al enseñar el equilibrio químico. En la enseñanza de los cursos de química general suele predominar la aproximación cinética al concepto de equilibrio químico, mientras que la fundamentación energética de este concepto se deja para cursos posteriores. En este trabajo se presenta el formalismo que integra la cinética y la termodinámica y se aplica al estudio del modelo de reacción . Los resultados obtenidos permiten explicar con claridad los principales aspectos cinéticos y energéticos que caracterizan el equilibrio químico. Este trabajo se desarrolló con el propósito de contribuir a fortalecer en el docente la apropiación conceptual del equilibrio químico, y de ofrecerle herramientas que le den autonomía para la elaboración de material didáctico novedoso para llevar al aula de clase. La conceptualización es el principal reto que se debe afrontar al enseñar el equilibrio químico. En la enseñanza de los cursos de química general suele predominar la aproximación cinética al concepto de equilibrio químico, mientras que la fundamentación energética de este concepto se deja para cursos posteriores. En este trabajo presentamos el formalismo que integra la cinética y la termodinámica y lo aplicamos al estudio del modelo de reacción . Los resultados obtenidos permiten explicar con claridad los principales aspectos cinéticos y energéticos que caracterizan el equilibrio químico. Este trabajo se desarrolló con el propósito de contribuir a fortalecer en el docente la apropiación conceptual del equilibrio químico, y de ofrecerle herramientas que le den autonomía para la elaboración de material didáctico novedoso para llevar al aula de clase.