bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Jażdżewska Katarzyna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Introduction discusses the model of the history of ancient dialogue prevailing in modern scholarship, according to which the dialogue after its extraordinary bloom in the fourth century bce went into disuse in the Hellenistic period, and resurfaced only much later: in Latin literature in the mid-first century bce (Cicero); in Greek in the second half of the first century ce (Plutarch). It points out that due to the exceedingly fragmentary character of the sources it would be difficult to produce strong evidence for a conspicuous break in dialogue-writing in Hellenistic times, and argues for the need to re-evaluate the remains of the post-Platonic dialogue, the last comprehensive study of which was carried out in 1895 by Rudolf Hirzel. The Introduction also discusses the notion of the dialogue as a genre and emphasizes its fluidity and a Protean character which has characterized dialogic literature from its beginnings.
Dialogic Entanglements
Authors: Jażdżewska Katarzyna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe chapter, which aims to widen understanding of the dialogue, traces some of the ways in which the post-Platonic dialogue interacted and blended with other prose forms. It examines cases in which generic boundaries were fluid and focuses on dialogue’s relationship with anecdote, letter, and biography. It shows how anecdote, chreia, which frequently contained a short verbal exchange related in direct speech, was associated with the dialogue, and how anecdotes could be converted into dialogues and dialogue snippets into anecdotes. It also discusses how letters embedded dialogues when they reported conversations and philosophical discussions, sometimes of considerable length, and examines biographies “hosting” dialogized passages as well as lives entirely structured as dialogues.
Dialogues in Papyri
Authors: Jażdżewska Katarzyna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe chapter provides an overview and examination of extant dialogue fragments in papyri. Despite difficulties encountered when studying this evidence, papyri fragments provide a significant contribution to our knowledge about the use of the dialogue, which was not limited to philosophical inquiry. In the chapter, dialogue fragments have been divided into four main categories: philosophical dialogues, dialogues on literature (which betray the influence of Peripatetic and Alexandrian scholarship and of genres of biography and zetemata), historical dialogues (that is, dialogues set in the past and intended at reviving historical circumstances and characters), and dialogized anecdotes. Besides these groups, remnants of what seem to be dialogized school exercises also are discussed (they include animal prose fables and dialogues between historical characters).
Quantum Stochastic Processes
Authors: Strasberg Philipp 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter describes the basic features of open quantum systems, i.e. quantum systems that are affected by noise due to uncontrollable degrees of freedom of an environment or bath. This noise is responsible for effects such as dissipation,decoherence and irreversibility. We study the equilibrium states of open quantum systems and review tools from quantum measurement theory, which describe how to theory, that describe how to extract information from an (open) quantum system. We generalize these tools to multimulti-time statistics and define the notion of a quantum stochastic process and a quan tum Markov process. Finally, we study in which cases a quantum stochastic process looks classical.
Language, Writing, and Mobility
Authors: Coulmas Florian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis book brings together three subjects which command our attention because of their changing roles in everyday life, language, writing, and mobility. In different ways, borders are being crossed, redrawn, and redefined as we watch, and while comparable processes could be observed in the past, they are today more conspicuous than ever, being propelled by demographics, technological innovation, and consumer capitalism. The said three subjects interact in various ways and have an impact on language contact which, as this book is designed to show, are best captured by a processual view along the lines laid out for social analysis by Norbert Elias. The processual view of language and society adopted here is congenial with the sociolinguistic paradigm developed over the past several decades, with one important difference, it assigns writing a central position. Sociolinguistics has always concentrated heavily on speech and largely ignored writing, although the social importance of writing cannot be denied. Giving written language its due in this book, then, has four reasons. (1) Writing is the most consequential technology ever invented. (2) Writing both suggests stability and defines borders. (3) Linguistics, while emphasizing that writing is external to language, is nevertheless indebted for its analytic categories to writing. (4) By turning virtually everyone into a writer/producer of texts, the digital revolution has fundamentally changed communication patters in ways that impact both social formations and language. Computer mediated communication (CMC) has transformed the social functions of writing and, through it, language.
Wanderlust
Authors: Coulmas Florian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUsing the loanword ‘wanderlust’ as point of departure, the final chapter summarizes the many ways in which the mobility of speakers, words and languages are at the heart of how societies adjust their linguistic repertoires. As expounded in the previous chapters, trade, religion, nation-building, colonialism, migration, and technology impact the spatial and temporal dynamics of how people communicate, what languages they use, how they use them, and how they change them. Against this background, this chapter examines traditional patterns of language categorization and societal stratification and argues that a processual view of language and society in the spirit of Norbert Elias is the most promising approach for coming to grips with language and mobility in such a highly complex mix of variables and the momentous changes we are experiencing at present.
The Man Who Trusted Atoms
Authors: Succi Sauro 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In which we discuss the microscopic foundations of Thermodynamics, as first unveiled by Ludwig Boltzmann, “the man who trusted atoms”. Ludwig Boltzmann is responsible for a timeless achievement: by means of a statistical formulation of the atomic motion, he managed to unify two apparently disparate fields: mechanics and thermodynamics. In the process, he also managed to illuminate the reasons why in our macroscopic world time flows one-way only, from Present to Future and never back to the Past.
Survival in Molecular Hyperland, the Ozland Valleys
Authors: Succi Sauro 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Where we discuss how biological system manage to survive in an ocean of atomistic complexity (Hyperland) by distilling the relevant information out of a wasteland of irrelevant one. This process, known as coarse-graining, permits to spot the tiny subregions where the relevant information lives (Fewland). Such regions known are charted by suitable macroscopic variable, known as Order Parameters, which guide the search for the precious locations of Hyperland where “things work”.
The Locus of Focus and Curing the Yips
Authors: Weiss Stephen M. , Masters Richard S. W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Sensorimotor learning and implicit learning are typically regarded as separate domains. There are, however, important overlaps between them. There are cognitive elements in sensorimotor skills and motor elements in acquiring them. This chapter explores these features, shows how they are manifested in a variety of skills, and describes a number of settings in sports psychology where they operate in real-world settings. For example, teaching a novice golfer to putt by following an explicit set of movements as isn’t as effective as allowing them to practice on their own and acquire the skill implicitly. Similar outcomes have been observed in foul shooting a basketball, where external attentional focus on the basket itself produces better learning than focusing on parts of the body involved in the action. The issues are complex as the impact of internal vs. external focus changes as skills are acquired and interact with individual preferences for the locus of focus.
Introduction
Authors: Katz Ruth J. , Byrnes Maureen , Castrucci Brian C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This introduction describes the problem of communication about public health that results in misinformation and the undervaluing of public health. Narrow perceptions and lack of strong communication about public health and public health practitioners often has led to a misunderstanding of the role of public health in society. Public health plays an indispensable role in defending the nation’s health, security, and economic strength because public health policies and practice have an impact on nearly every aspect of people’s lives. The development of public health tools, metaphors, and messaging included in this book had begun long before anyone had heard of COVID-19. These resources were needed before the pandemic, and they are even more critical now. This introduction outlines how public health professionals can change how public health is viewed and valued, through effective framing, messaging, and storytelling about public health initiatives.
Conclusion—Communication in Public Health
Authors: Desalvo Karen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This concluding chapter underscores the most important focus of communication about and for public health, which is leveraging communication to foster connections and help communities thrive. The field of public health, throughout the pandemic, is at a critical juncture that relies on how public health communicates its essential role in the successes of the pandemic and in future health infrastructure. While they work to overcome the worst health crisis of the past century, public health professionals must deal with the consequences of decades of under-resourcing and underinvestment, which have led to elimination of jobs across public health. Communication will be vital in navigating this long-standing and complex territory. Communication can start small: the power of a personal dispatch from the frontlines or a thought-provoking, data-driven presentation to community leaders should not be underestimated.
The Significance of Contrafactum, or, How Melody Made Meaning
Authors: McIlvenna Una 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter explains how execution ballads deployed the tradition of contrafactum, the setting of new words to well-known tunes, that was a feature of balladry, revealing the significance of the choice of music to the transmission of information about the crime and punishment, and to the depiction of the criminal. The chosen melody was indicated with the words ‘to the tune of’, and ballads accrued extra significance because of the associations of previous songs set to the same melody. It also discusses the differences found in Italian execution ballads, which did not contain a tune direction, but instead used one of three different metrical forms depending on how the criminal was to be depicted. Audiences shared a vast knowledge of melody and text that we need to be aware of in order to understand the force that these songs had for their audience.
The Devil’s Business
Authors: McIlvenna Una 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the explosion of execution ballads in the sixteenth and early seventeenth century about heretics and witches. The arrival of the Protestant Reformation led to widespread persecution of believers of many faiths. The Anabaptists’ creation of songs about their executed brethren became central to their faith, and the tunes and tropes were shared by different Protestant sects. Martyr ballads, created by fellow believers, are the few that are sympathetic to the condemned. The chapter argues that the upheavals of the Reformation were a cause of the witch-panics that then swept Europe. It shows that ballads about executed witches, sorcerers, and werewolves reflected regional differences in how diabolical magic was practiced and persecuted.
Disease Environments in the Caribbean to 1850
Authors: McNeill J. R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter summarizes the health and disease history of the Caribbean over the 7,000 years, from the first human habitation until the end of the slave plantation regime. It takes up three main subjects: the pre-Columbian disease regime, the post-Columbian (c.1492–1600) disease and demographic catastrophe among the Indigenous population, and the disease regime of plantation society (c.1650–1850). It borrows the concept of syndemics from medical anthropology to underscore the relationships among epidemics and social conditions. Judging from bioarchaeological and paleogenomic evidence, Indigenous populations of the Caribbean suffered little, by global standards, from infectious disease prior to 1492. Transatlantic connections after 1492 unleashed a first Caribbean syndemic of multiple, overlapping epidemics and colonial violence, the exceptional fury of which is examined and tentatively explained. After a brief interlude of comparatively good health (c.1600–40), plantations and sugar production in particular created a second enduring Caribbean syndemic involving new epidemics in combination with the deprivation and violence characteristic of plantation slavery. Here the chapter considers the disease regimes of plantations, port cities, and armies.
Conclusion: Caribbean Environmental History since 1850
Authors: Morgan Philip D. , McNeill J. R. , Mulcahy Matthew , Schwartz Stuart B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The concluding chapter sketches the continuing evolution of Caribbean landscapes and seascapes, the regimes of disease and health, and the role of natural disasters in the period after c.1850. It again centers Alexander von Humboldt, who, before his death in 1859, witnessed some of the new forces transforming the Caribbean environment, including the burgeoning power of the United States, the fracturing of the colonial system, the decline of slavery, the rise of peasant smallholdings, new technologies as in railroads and steamships, and rapidly growing urban populations. The region’s health history since 1850, and especially since 1970, has seen overall improvement and a reduction in the toll of infectious disease, due in part to an unusually rapid epidemiological transition from an old regime in which infectious disease and child malnutrition exerted the strongest influences upon mortality to a new one in which “diseases of affluence” end the vast majority of lives. Still, epidemics continued to batter the modern Caribbean, and healthcare remained unequally distributed. Dramatic and traumatic disasters likewise continued to beset the region, their impact shaped by ever shifting social, political, economic, and cultural forces at work—particularly in the modern era, increased urbanization and tourism. In sum, the environmental history of the Caribbean since 1850 has remained a function of the region’s place within the global economy and of its geographical and deep historical legacies. Although many key forces gradually diminished or disappeared, including slavery, the long legacies of the past still exert their grip across the Caribbean region.
Fit Instruments I
Authors: Fisher Samuel K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
James II’s attempts to create an inclusive empire triggered a revolutionary backlash. In 1688 he lost his throne to William of Orange, a Protestant Dutch prince. Supporters of this Glorious Revolution explained that James II’s inclusive approach to empire justified rebellion against him. Turning to a new form of political argument, they insisted that James II had hoped to use barbarous peoples as “fit instruments” for enslaving loyal subjects. Their arguments thus equated identity with imperial rights: some peoples within the empire deserved rights and protection within the imperial polity, while others did not. Kings who failed to respect the distinction were, ipso facto, guilty of tyranny. In this notion lay the origins of exclusionary patriotism.
Atlantic ’45
Authors: Fisher Samuel K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The French connections of Gaels and Indians became a more pressing concern for British officials in the 1740s. A long peace with France came to an end in 1744, giving advocates of the French connection a chance to strike a blow against Britain with French help. A Jacobite rebellion erupted in the Scottish Highlands while Indigenous nations used the outbreak of war to drive hard bargains with imperial officials for their help or neutrality. Collectively this crisis of diversity—the Atlantic ’45 —caused many imperial officials to blame the exclusionary constitution for their troubles and to consider new ways of managing diversity in the empire. It was this Atlantic ’45 that launched the empire toward reforms that would culminate in the American Revolution.
Epilogue
Authors: Fisher Samuel K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter shows how inclusive empire and exclusionary patriotism both survived the American Revolution—and how both have claimed its legacy as their own. Focusing on Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address, the chapter shows how Lincoln’s attempt to present inclusive empire as the nation’s mission has helped to create Americans’ current debates over diversity: the nation remains divided between those who support government intervention to promote diversity and equality and those who see such things as tyrannical overreach, as the original exclusionary patriots did. These stories, however, only make sense when the different outcomes in Ireland and Scotland are taken into account.
The Waves and Currents of Struggle
Authors: Rodríguez Miles V. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Chapter Three examines the Confederación de Transportes y Comunicaciones (Confederation of Transport and Communication Workers, CTC) and its national strike against the national railroad company in 1927, the largest strike in the first decade after the Mexican Revolution. This struggle had significant results for popular movements, which limited their strength in the following years.
Dionysius’s Global Herodotus
Authors: Kirkland N. Bryant 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter discusses Dionysius’s criticism of Herodotus in the context of his own rhetorical and historiographic motivations. It argues that Dionysius characterizes Herodotus as a “global” author whose synoptic viewpoint, bringing together both Asia and Europe, Persia and Greece, renders his text analogous to an idea of empire that Dionysius himself attempts to articulate with respect to Rome. The chapter establishes the interrelation of Dionysius’s rhetorical and historiographic programs, arguing for the Roman Antiquities as ideologically coordinate with Dionysius’s literary criticism. It analyzes Dionysius’s ideas of cosmopolitanism and his sense of Roman history as explicable through a Hellenized prism of virtuous behavior. Dionysius’s critical language and sense of Herodotean synoptics are shown to have overlaps with ideas of imperial power.
Parallel Authors
Authors: Kirkland N. Bryant 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter studies Plutarch’s On the Malice of Herodotus, in particular its framing and hermeneutic principles, and further explores ideas of ethical authorship introduced earlier in the book. It argues that Plutarch’s treatise should be contextualized within the broader weave of Plutarchan ideas on mimesis and ethos and that the Malice functions as a work of quasi-biography, of a piece with Plutarch’s Lives. Plutarch prods readers to evaluate Herodotus’s character, discernible through actions both textual and biographic, as they might judge historical figures. The chapter demonstrates that the treatise partakes of many of Plutarch’s recurrent concerns: ethical legibility, the authority of the past, and the educative capacity of literature. Plutarch’s intervention plays to his own self-presentation, making Herodotus a foil for a notion of responsible authorship.
China’s Third Cycle and the Origins of the Great Financial Crisis
Authors: Orlik Thomas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter describes the Jiang Zemin administration that ran from 1989 to 2002, which implemented progress on reform that meant shuttering the thousands of state-owned enterprises and smashing the “iron rice bowl” of cradle to grave benefits. It highlights how Jiang moved away from Communist orthodoxy, enshrining the idea of merit-based rewards in the Party constitution. It also mentions Jiang’s final Party Congress, who agreed to the principle that labor, capital, technology, managerial expertise and other production factors should participate in the distribution of income in accordance with their contributions. The chapter covers the most distinctive contribution of the Hu Jintao administration that started in 2002, which was an attempted shift toward a more inclusive model of development. It reviews how Hu staked out a more socially-conscious vision of China’s development, bemoaning the slow increase in rural incomes.
China’s Economy in the Great Financial Crisis
Authors: Orlik Thomas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter introduces Ben Bernanke, Deputy Chair of the Fed during the time of the supposed “too low for too long” misjudgment, who had his own explanation for what triggered the 2008 crisis: China. It cites how China had learned from the rolling series of emerging market crisis in the 1990s that included Mexico’s “tequila crisis” in 1994 and the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997, which shared a common cause of sudden exodus of foreign funding. It also details China’s opening for trade flows but refuses to open its capital account or borrow from overseas. The chapter talks about the People’s Bank of China, which maintained close controls on cross-border capital flows and built up a store of foreign exchange reserves. It elaborates how China’s exports expanded faster than imports, a bulging trade surplus that should have meant pressure for yuan appreciation.
Writing for Early Instruments Today
Authors: Schab Alon 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe chapter deals with various problems that arise from the process of arranging contemporary repertoire for for early instruments. It surveys the growing use of early instruments in modern music—from neoclassical experiments during the 1920s, through the avant garde exploration of early instruments’ sounds, to the recent use works written for baroque orchestras. The chapter presents a preliminary discussion of the spectral attributes of early woodwinds, and applies a sound-sensitive approach to two example arrangements of works of Frank Bridge and Anton Webern. The chapter concludes with the a short discussion of the use of early music instruments in folk music, and of the philosophical issues that arise from using old instruments in contemporary music.
The Origins and Effects of Affirmative Action Policies in India
Authors: Deshpande Ashwini 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter traces the evolution of India’s affirmative action policy, which is largely caste or social-group based but is also directed toward women. The chapter discusses the rationale for the policy, as well as the objective basis for its continuing relevance. It discusses the validity of caste status as an indicator for contemporary backwardness. Recently, the Indian affirmative action policy has added a component that targets family income and not social group identity. The chapter critically assesses the justification for this shift in the policy and argues that this shift dilutes the original intent of the affirmative action policy, which was put into place to address systematic discrimination and exclusion from elite positions.