bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review on the Synthesis Method of Nanocomposites and Approach to Making Semiconductors Visible Light Active
Authors: Ali Abdu Hussen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Many studies have been concentrated on the degradation of toxic organic compounds in waste water via photocatalysis of various semiconductors. It has attracted great attention in modern science because of its potential in solving many current environmental problems such as air and water pollution. The common photocatalysts are primarily nanocomposite metal oxides, are known to be good photocatalysts for the degradation of several environmental contaminants due to their high photosensitivity, stability and non-toxic nature. There are different approaches for the synthesis of nanomaterials: Top down and bottom up approaches. Top- down approach is best approach and refers to successive cutting of a bulk material to get nano sized particles. These applications have their interest in controlling particle size, particle shape, size distribution, particle composition and degree of particle agglomeration. Some nanoparticles have large band-gap which leads to high recombination rate of photogenerated electron–hole pairs limits their utilization for photocatalytic applications. More recently, significant efforts have also been made to develop new or modified semiconductor photocatalysts that are capable of using visible-light (λ = 400–700 nm) including semiconductor coupling, metal ion doping, nonmetallic element doping, and sensitization with organic dyes. Coupling of two semiconductor nanoparticles with different band gap widths has been demonstrated in many studies as one of the most effective ways to reduce the recombination of electron–hole pairs and consequently, achieving a higher photocatalytic activity. Moreover, the ternary nanocomposites have high visible light photocatalytic activity and organic dyes can be decomposed efficiently, implying the higher photocatalytic activity of the ternary nanocomposites.
Data analysis and research reveal the reasons why China still adheres to its “dynamic zero-COVID policy”
Authors: Dai Yeyu , Dai Bingxi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A complete and accurate statistical analysis of cases of contraction with SARS-CoV-2 are given under the conditions of strict mandatory quarantine and isolation and of a high rate of full vaccination[i]. Sars-Cov-2 is still new, and little is known about either its direction of variation or its propagation laws. China has been attacked by its largest outbreaks of COVID-19 since March. Pervasive arguments arose among people in China and around the world. Here we reveal the essential reasons why China has been and will be adhering to its “dynamic zero-COVID policy” which stands in contrast to a global trend towards easing restrictions and attempting to co-exist with the circulating virus[ii], including the choice uniqueness, morbidity differences in different cities, unpredictability, worries of sudden impact to medical system, successful reducing to zero the number of each active chain of transmission and outstanding economy achievements, etc. This study provides first-hand valuable information for further research on similar epidemics in the future. It may bring new thoughts for correction of present epidemiological theory and mathematical models, as well as new theoretical supports for the prevention policy making. It may also give other countries time to be better prepared for the coming 6th wave driven by Omicron BA.2.
The establishment of human embryonic stem cell lines demonstrated that chimeric embryos can self-correct
Authors: Li Chuyu , Xie Jiazi , Dong Juan , Gao Chao , Xia Meng , Lin Yuting , Cui Yugui , Qin Lianju , Wu Wei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Low-level mosaicism is a common trait of early human development. Although mosaic embryos may lead to healthy live births, the direct effects of mosaicism are unknown. While embryo self-correction was demonstrated in mouse models, humans can only study the effects of chromosomal aberrations and blastocyst mosaicism on the early peri-implantation period by extended in vitro embryo culture up to 12 days post-fertilization.
Methods
The established culture protocols were followed to generate embryonic stem cells. The 24 high-quality mosaicism / aneuploid mosaicism blastocysts were detected by PGT-A. The isolated ICMs were seeded onto feeder-free dishes, and after 10–12 days of culture, there were six blastocyst ICM-generated stem cell clones. Cells shed during stem cell growth were harvested, and next-generation sequencing was performed on stem cells and the shed. To test pluripotency, a small number of stem cells were isolated and subcultured.
Results
The PGD status was confirmed from the results of next-generation sequencing of stem cell exfoliated cells and stem cells, the chimeras in five blastocysts were fully repaired while the chimera in one blastocyst was partially repaired. Simultaneously the cells were verified to have pluripotency and the ability to differentiate into three germ layers by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and in vitro differentiation analyses.
Conclusions
Human mosaicism/aneuploid mosaicism blastocysts can self-correction by eliminating chimeric cells.
WITHDRAWN: An empirical survey on the effects of broaching pre-cracking process on fracture behavior of materials
Authors: Oskui Abuzar Es'haghi , Haddadi Elyas , Ebrahimi Mahmud 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The ability to generate a suitable pre-crack in the material is a prerequisite for an accurate evaluation of the fracture behavior of materials, since the resistance of the material to crack growth should not be altered by the method used to generate pre-cracks. To this end, pre-cracks were generated in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) specimens, which are very sensitive to the radius of the crack tip, and the method used to create pre-cracks on the fracture behavior of the material was investigated. A new broaching tool was developed, and fracture studies were performed on pre-cracked specimens processed by slotting and broaching. The total energy required for crack growth in pre-cracked specimens by the broaching method is on average 25% less than the corresponding value in pre-cracked specimens by the slotting method. In addition, the radius of the plastic region in the slotting process is about three times larger than in the broaching method under the same conditions. These observations indicate a sharper tip and the resulting larger stress concentration at the crack tip in the broached specimens. The finite element analyses performed to confirm the results, and the greater similarity of the cracks produced by the broaching method to the ideal cracks in the finite element software is understandable. Moreover, microscopic examination of the fracture surfaces indicated similar results using SEM, which is consistent with the calculations performed by essential fracture work method. It can be concluded that broached specimens lead to more accurate results in fracture tests.
Occurrences, season, and source characteristics of organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) in residences in Taiwan: Implications for young children's exposure and risk assessment using the probabilistic approach
Authors: Lu Quang-Oai , Jung Chien-Cheng , Liu Yu-Hsuan , Chang Wei-Hsiang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), widely applied in various industries, were gradually increased due to replacing the use of brominated flame retardants in recent years. Eleven OPFRs (Σ 11 OPFRs) were collected in indoor air and house dust the two-main activity spaces (mainly bedroom and living room) of children’s households. Hence, the present study aimed to explore the potential sources and health risk of OPFRs exposure in young children. The level of indoor air Σ 11 OPFRs (465.9 ng/m 3 ) in primary activity space was greater than those measured in secondary activity space (379.6 ng/m 3 ), however, it contrasted with those detected in dust. In addition, the air OPFRs in warm season were higher than those measured in the cold season, but this inverted with those detected in house dust. In both activity spaces, the composition profiles resulted that tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate in indoor air (39%) and tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate in house dust (67%) were the dominant congeners, respectively. The average daily exposure dose (ADD) of OPFRs via air inhalation and dust ingestion did not differ between preschool and school-age children, as well as sex; however, the Monte Carlo-simulated 95 th percentile ADD of OPFRs in dust ingestion for preschool children was 1.4 times higher. Moreover, the 95 th percentile scenario of HIs of liver toxicity and maternal and developmental toxicity in all age and sex groups was below 1. In short, the findings, even in the worst-case scenario, pointed an acceptable health risk of OPFRs to young children in Tainan households.
Identification of asymptomatic COVID-19 patients on chest CT images using Transformer-or CNN-based deep learning models
Authors: Yin Minyue , Liang Xiaolong , Wang Zilan , Zhou Yijia , He Yu , Xue Yuhan , Gao Jingwen , Lin Jiaxi , Yu Chenyan , Liu Lu , Liu Xiaolin , Xu Chao , Zhu Jinzhou 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Backgroud
To evaluate the feasibility of deep learning (DL) models in identifying asymptomatic COVID-19 patients, based on chest CT images.
Methods
In this retrospective study, six DL models (Xception, NASNet, ResNet, EfficientNet, ViT, and Swin), based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs)-or Transformer-architectures, were trained to identify asymptomatic patients with COVID-19 on chest CT images. Data from Yangzhou was randomly split into the training set (n = 2,140) and the internal-validation set (n = 360). Data from Suzhou was the external-test set (n = 200). Models’ performance was assessed by accuracy, recall and specificity and was compared with that of two radiologists.
Results
A total of 2,700 chest CT images were collected in this study. In the validation dataset, the Swin model achieved the highest accuracy of 0.994, followed by EfficientNet model (0.954). The recall and precision of the Swin model were 0.989 and 1.000. In the test dataset, the Swin model still was the best that achieved the highest accuracy (0.980). All the DL models performed remarkable than two experts. Lastly, the time on the test set diagnosis spent by two experts 42min17s (Junior) and 29min43s (Senior), was significantly higher than that of those DL models (all below 2min).
Conclusions
This study evaluated the feasibility of multiple DL models in distinguishing asymptomatic patients with COVID-19 from healthy subjects on chest CT images. It found a Transformer model, the Swin model, performed best.
Overexpression of Lias Gene Alleviates Pulmonary Injury Induced by fine particulate matter in Mice
Authors: Xu Guangcui , Zhao Yingzheng , Tao Yingjun , Xiong Cheng , Gao Qiyu , LV Mengdi , Zhang Fengquan , An Zhen , Wu Weidong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Oxidative stress, inflammation is generally regarded as important toxicity mechanisms induced by fine particulate matter (PM2.5). The antioxidant baselines of human body affect the intensity of oxidative stress in vivo. Our study aimed to evaluate the role of endogenous antioxidant capacity in PM2.5-induced pulmonary injury using a novel mouse model (LiasH/H) which approximately increased 150% endogenous antioxidant capacity relative to its wild-type counterpart. LiasH/H and C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group and PM2.5 exposure group (n = 10) respectively. The PM2.5-exposed group and the control group mice were intratracheally instilled with PM2.5 and saline respectively once daily for 7 consecutive days. The main pulmonary pathological changes, oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers levels were examined. The results showed that oxidative stress was significantly increased in all mice after PM2.5 exposure. Overexpression of Lias gene significantly increased the capacity against oxidative stress and decreased inflammatory responses caused by PM2.5 in model mice compared with the control mice. Antioxidant capacity in the LiasH/H mice was elevated through increased NRF2, the activation of ROS-p38MAPK- NRF2 signaling pathway. The novel mouse model is useful for clarifying the mechanisms of pulmonary injury induced by PM2.5.
Multi-Step-Ahead Prediction of Chatter State in Cold Rolling Process based on FDA-GAM
Authors: Wang Xiaoyong , Gao Zhiying , Xin Yanli 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Mill chatter seriously restricts the improvement of production efficiency and the development of new products. Thus, a method of cold rolling chatter monitoring and early warning based on the combination of Functional Data Analysis (FDA) and General Autoregression Model (GAM) is proposed. Firstly, the multi-source heterogeneous cold rolling data were preprocessed by FDA. Then, the sample space with 15 process parameters as input feature and vibration energy as output feature was constructed based on chatter mechanism. Finally, the multi-step-ahead predictions of cold rolling chatter were realized through five classical machine learning algorithms in GAM under different working conditions and the optimal selection of algorithms was completed based on the maximum prediction step. The results showed that the method of FDA-GAM provided an effective solution to delays, false alarm and distortion in chatter prediction and improved the rapid response ability when chatter occurs.
“What about our ways of living?”: Traditional Health practitioners describe the tenets of African Traditional Medicine.
Authors: Moeta Mabitja , Anokwuru Rafiat A. , Mulaudzi Fhumulani Mavis 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: African Traditional Medicine continues to strive and contribute to health care for many indigenous people in Africa. Within this system, Traditional Health Practitioners are the custodians of traditional health, knowledge and practices and play various roles such as counselling and teaching. There are unique ways to name, diagnose, treat, and manage ill-health in African Traditional Medicine, which makes this system unique. However, most concepts are loosely used or translated literally by researchers and scholar without their proper application and contextualization. This study was undertaken to explore and describe how Traditional Health Practitioners define African Traditional Medicine, in their own accord and understanding.Methods: Qualitative, explorative and descriptive design was adopted. Data was collected from eighteen (18) Traditional Health Practitioners who were sampled using snowball technique. Individual semi-structured interviews were done and audio recorded with consent of participants. Data was analysed using qualitative content analysis. Trustworthiness was ensured through principles of credibility, dependability, confirmability and transferability.Findings: The findings revealed two themes: 1) The features of African Traditional Medicine and 2) Elements of practice in African Traditional Medicine. The findings revealed that African Traditional Medicine is intertwined with the everyday life for Africans and cannot be detached. It emerged that there are different and unique ways of naming and understanding concepts with African Traditional Medicine. Spirituality, ancestral calling and the language used plays an important role in qualifying as a Traditional Health Practitioner. However, participants raised concerns regarding the quality of training for Traditional Health Practitioners.Conclusion: Being a Traditional Health Practitioner is directly linked to ancestral calling. However, spirituality plays and important role in African Traditional Medicine where practitioners undergo rigorous training to learn the craft of traditional healing such as the use of language, connecting with ancestral spirits and harvesting of plants. Dialogue must be facilitated among Traditional Health Practitioners in different specialization, to reach common understanding on the names, concepts and processes in African Traditional Medicine. This will contribute immensely in the efforts to standardize the practice of African Traditional Medicine in line with global standards.
Spatio-temporal Validation of Multi-Source Satellite Rainfall Products in the Upper Tekeze-Atbara Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Kidie Masresha Ashenafi , Teklay Achenafi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Obtaining accurate and reliable rainfall information is crucial for regional water resource management. However, in developing countries like Ethiopia, rainfall measurements are characterized by sparse, temporally inconsistent, and unavailability of updated data. Due to these reasons, the spatio-temporal characteristic of rainfall in the study area of Ethiopia is poorly understood. To overcome these limitations, the recently developed satellite derived rainfall products have become an alternative sources of rainfall data. Therefore, this study was conducted to validate the spatio-temporal performance of satellite rainfall products (PERSIANN_CDR, CHIRPS, and TMPA3B42) over Upper Tekeze-Atbara River Basin. The prediction performance of the satellite rainfall products was evaluated using different statistical measures and spatial comparisons for the period from 2007 to 2017. The result showed that PERSIANN_CDR had very low PBIAS than other products. The PERSIANN_CDR had a slightly overestimation tendency while the CHIRPS and TMPA3B42 considerably overestimated observation rainfall. The PERSIANN_CDR performed well for kiremt, belg, and bega season rainfall, with the lowest RMSE value of 2.9, 1.4, and 0.8 mm/day, respectively. On the contrary, TMPA3B42 poorly performed for kiremt, belg, and bega seasons with the largest RMSE value of 3.1, 1.9, and 1.1 mm/day, respectively. The PERSIANN_CDR and TMPA 3B42 had good skill to detect observed rainfall, while the CHIRPS had the lowest detecting skill during all seasons. Overall, the finding of this validation study showed the potentials of the PERSIANN_CDR product to be used for various operational applications such as rainfall pattern and variability study in the Upper Tekeze-Atbara River Basin in Ethiopia.
Triple pelvic osteotomy in the treatment of pincer type femoroacetabular impingement syndrome
Authors: Magersky Štěpán 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome is a dynamic cause of hip arthritis, and it is commonly diagnosed in young adults without any other causes of hip joint pain. Pincer type FAI, which is discussed in this study, is typically present in active middle-aged females. The aim of the present study is to evaluate a series of patients that were operated for pincer FAI or combined type FAI, their clinical and radiological results, and the complications of operative treatment.Methods: Eighteen patients diagnosed with pincer/combined type FAI received triple pelvic reverse osteotomy between 2011 and 2020. The average age of the patients was 37.3 years (28.0-45.0), and middle age follow-up was performed. MRI scans were measured to see exact retroversion of the acetabulum before and after operation. Evaluations were subjectively made with Harris Hip Scores (HHSs), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores, with Wilcoxon tests for paired samples (the level of significance was set at 95%, p<5%). Comparison of pre- and post-operative data was performed to evaluate clinical outcomes in a series of patients who underwent surgical treatment. Results: Statistically significant increases were observed in scores and MRIs after triple pelvic osteotomy surgery for the treatment of pincer FAI/combined type FAI. HHS increased from 55.1 to 91.4, pre-operative MRI retroversion was at a median of 5.35 degrees, and post-operative MRI retroversion was at 26.35 degrees. WOMAC scores were pre-operatively at a median of 69.9 and post-operatively at 94.15, p<7.629 x 10-6 – statistically proved significance. Medium-term follow-up indicated that the surgeries were successful. In our series of patients treated with triple pelvic osteotomy, 22% (4 in 18 patients) appeared to have clinically rear pelvic FAI when tested after the operation. This result was not taken as significant due to small sample size. Conclusion: This technique is a safe procedure to restore hip mobility. This is an extraarticular operation, and therefore safely may be used to address intraarticular arthritis.
No advantage of single day 6 good-quality blastocyst transfer versus single day 5 poor-quality blastocyst transfer in frozen-thawed cycles stratified by age: A retrospective study
Authors: He Yuxia , Tang Yan , Liu Haiying , Liu Jianqiao , Mao Yuling 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Blastocyst developmental speed, morphological grading and patient age are associated with pregnancy outcomes of frozen-thawed cycles. This study aimed to compare the clinical and neonatal outcomes between poor-quality D5 blastocysts and good-quality D6 blastocysts, and to investigate the transfer strategy for D6 blastocysts based on morphological grading and patient age.
Methods
A total of 3,486 cycles were divided into four groups: group A (n = 723) received one D5 poor-quality blastocyst; group B (n = 900) received one D6 good-quality blastocyst; group C (n = 619) received one good- and one poor-quality D6 blastocysts; and group D (n = 1244) received two good-quality D6 blastocysts. Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes were compared among the four groups stratified by 35 years of age.
Results
Live birth rate of D5 poor-quality blastocysts was higher than that of D6 high-quality blastocysts for patients aged < 35 years (35.48% vs. 31.13%, p > 0.05), but there was no statistical difference. The same trend was showed for patients aged ≥ 35 years (29.09% vs. 21.28%, p > 0.05). When patients were in the same age group, the live birth rate and multiple pregnancy rate in group B were significantly lower than those in groups C and D. The multiple pregnancy rate of double D6 blastocyst transfer is over 20%. Additionally, the birth weight of groups C and D was significantly lower than that of group B, and the trend disappeared if the patients were sub-grouped by singleton or twin birth. In total, for patients transferred with double D6 blastocysts, approximately 70% of preterm births and approximately 86% of low birth weight babies resulted from multiple pregnancies.
Conclusions
The preferential selection of poor-quality D5 blastocysts for transfer compared to high-quality D6 blastocysts is recommended, especially for advanced age patients. Single good-quality D6 blastocyst transfer can be considered for patients aged < 35 years. Additionally, adding a poor-quality D6 blastocyst, that is, double D6 blastocyst transfer, was suggested for patients ≥ 35 years of age to improve the live birth rate, but patients should be informed that this comes at the cost of increased risk of multiple pregnancies. However, double good-quality D6 blastocyst transfer is not recommended, regardless of age.