bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Within‐patient perceptions of alliance and attunement: Associations with progress in psychotherapy
Authors: Aafjes‐van Doorn Katie , Bar‐Sella Avigail , Zilcha‐Mano Sigal , Luo Xiaochen , Silberschatz George , Kealy David , McCollum James , Snyder John 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe most frequently examined aspect of the therapeutic relationship is the working alliance, which reflects the conscious collaborative bond, and agreement on task and goal. In addition to the established importance of the working alliance, the therapists' attunement and responsiveness might reflect another important aspect of the therapeutic relationship that can be considered in relation to session‐by‐session progress over treatments. Emerging research suggests that the quality of the working alliance not only differs between patients but also within patients over time. However, little is known about the quality of the therapeutic relationship between and within patients in relation to progress in psychotherapy. We examined fluctuations of the working alliance measure (WAI) and the newly developed measure of the Patients' Experiences of Attunement and Responsiveness (PEAR) during treatment in a naturalistic sample of patients in an outpatient psychotherapy clinic. Multilevel modelling was used to examine the respective contribution of these measures to subsequent improvement in psychological functioning longitudinally. Results suggest that the within‐patient effect, instead of between‐patient effect, was significant for WAI (and did not reach significance for PEAR), indicating that the fluctuation of WAI was predictive of psychological functioning in the subsequent month. Based on these findings, therapists and their patients might benefit from regular tracking of the patient‐reported working alliance. The findings underscore the importance of the alliance, specifically at the within‐patient level. It also highlights the challenge for research to tap into other aspects of the therapeutic relationship that can help explain progress in therapy. Given the breadth and accessibility of the working alliance construct, more work is needed for researchers to examine the construct of attunement and responsiveness.
Photocatalytic Synthesis of Oxidized Graphite Enabled by Grey TiO2and Direct Formation of a Visible‐Light‐Active Titania/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite
Authors: Nasir Amara , Mazare Anca , Zhou Xin , Qin Shanshan , Denisov Nikita , Zdrazil Lukas , Kment Štěpán , Zboril Radek , Yasin Tariq , Schmuki Patrik 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHerein we report a one‐step, low cost, photocatalytic method for the synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) from commercial graphite using grey TiO2as a photocatalyst. GO formation is achieved by UV‐illumination of a slurry of well‐dispersed grey TiO2and commercial graphite. Light‐induced valence‐band holes from grey TiO2then lead to an oxidation and exfoliation of graphite, resulting in the formation of visible‐light‐active GO. An optimal level of graphite oxidation can be established by controlling the UV illumination time. Moreover, the resulting GO‐decorated TiO2is directly active as a visible‐light‐active photocatalyst that can, for example, be used for pollution degradation.
Appearance and performance‐enhancing drugs and supplements, eating disorders, and muscle dysmorphia among gender minority people
Authors: Nagata Jason M. , McGuire F. Hunter , Lavender Jason M. , Brown Tiffany A. , Murray Stuart B. , Greene Richard E. , Compte Emilio J. , Flentje Annesa , Lubensky Micah E. , Obedin‐Maliver Juno , Lunn Mitchell R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveAppearance and performance‐enhancing drugs and supplements (APEDS) can be used to enhance muscle growth, athletic performance, and physical appearance. The aim of this study was to examine the lifetime use of APEDS and associations with eating disorder and muscle dysmorphia symptoms among gender minority people.MethodParticipants were 1653 gender minority individuals (1120 gender‐expansive [defined as a broad range of gender identities that are generally situated outside of the woman–man gender binary, e.g., genderqueer, nonbinary] people, 352 transgender men, and 181 transgender women) recruited from The Population Research in Identity and Disparities for Equality Study in 2018. Regression analyses stratified by gender identity examined associations of any APEDS use with eating disorder and muscle dysmorphia symptom scores.ResultsLifetime APEDS use was common across groups (30.7% of gender‐expansive people, 45.2% of transgender men, and 14.9% of transgender women). Protein supplements and creatine supplements were the most commonly used APEDS. Among gender‐expansive people and transgender men, lifetime use of any APEDS was significantly associated with higher eating disorder scores, dietary restraint, binge eating, compelled/driven exercise, and muscle dysmorphia symptoms. Any APEDS use was additionally associated with laxative use among gender‐expansive people. Among transgender women, use of any APEDS was not significantly associated with eating disorder or muscle dysmorphia symptoms.DiscussionAPEDS use is common and associated with eating disorder and muscle dysmorphia symptoms in gender‐expansive people and transgender men, thus highlighting the importance of assessing for these behaviors and symptoms among these populations, particularly in clinical settings.Public SignificanceThis study aimed to examine APEDS use among gender minority people. We found that 30.7% of gender‐expansive (e.g., nonbinary) people, 45.2% of transgender men, and 14.9% of transgender women reported lifetime APEDS use, which was associated with eating disorder and muscle dysmorphia symptoms in transgender men and gender‐expansive people. Clinicians should assess for these behaviors in gender minority populations.
Biological invasions alter consumer–stress relationships along an estuarine gradient
Authors: Rubinoff Benjamin G. , Grosholz Edwin D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEstuaries represent steep stress gradients for aquatic organisms, with abiotic stress due to temperature and salinity typically increasing with distance into estuary. Invertebrate communities and their predators are strongly influenced by these stress gradients. The environmental stress model predicts that the importance of predation in structuring communities decreases with increasing environmental stress. Estuaries contain a stress gradient for marine organisms this includes salinity, temperature, and other abiotic properties. Additionally, estuaries are hotspots for biological invasions; increased stress tolerance among non‐native species could change the predictions of the environmental stress model. In this study, we investigate how introduced species alter the predictions of the environmental stress model by examining the effects of predators on sessile invertebrates across an estuarine gradient. To do this, we deployed recruitment plates across the estuarine gradient of Tomales Bay, California, USA using various caging treatments over the summer of 2019. We found that the effect of predation changed across sites, with the mid‐estuary site experiencing the greatest reductions in prey abundance and prey species richness when exposed to predators. This was likely to be due to higher proportions of non‐native prey and predator taxa mid‐estuary, including solitary ascidians, which are highly susceptible to predation. Overall, predation did not follow the predictions of the environmental stress model, but rather followed the abundance of functional groups with non‐native species, whose distribution could be mediated by environmental stress gradients. We suggest that this may be a general result and that communities subject to large numbers of stress‐tolerant invaders may have high rates of consumption in high stress areas, contrasting predictions by previous models.
Voltammetric Determination of Pb2+ in Water using Mn‐doped MoS2/MWCNTs/Nafion Electrode Coupled with an Electrochemical Flow Analysis Device
Authors: Zhang Chen , Lai Zhiwei , Liu Xuelian , Ye Min , Zhang Linchun , Zhang Li , Chen Xi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA glassy carbon electrode modified with Mn−MoS2/MWCNTs/Nafion was used for the field determination of Pb2+ in water coupled with an electrochemical flow analysis device. The potential mechanism for signal enhancement of Pb2+ was preliminarily confirmed in this work. A limit of detection (3σ/slope) for Pb2+ was 0.08 μg L−1 within the concentration from 0.2 to 100 μg L−1 using this method. The relative standard deviation of response currents for 30 μg L−1 Pb2+ was 3.6 % (n=80) and the recoveries varied from 97.3 % to 105.6 % in the determination of tap water and lake water samples obtained from laboratories and the university campus. Finally, the continuous monitoring of Pb2+ in water was successfully realized by this Mn−MoS2/MWCNTs/Nafion modified electrode coupled with the analysis device.
Tri‐modality therapy with i‐125 brachytherapy, external beam radiation therapy, and short‐term hormone therapy for high‐risk prostate cancer after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate
Authors: Nakiri Makoto , Ueda Kosuke , Ogasawara Naoyuki , Kurose Hirofumi , Uemura Keiichiro , Nishihara Kiyoaki , Muraki Koichiro , Hattori Chikayuki , Ogo Etsuyo , Igawa Tsukasa 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionWe present tri‐modality therapy with i‐125 brachytherapy for high‐risk prostate cancer after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate.Case presentationA 75‐year‐old man had visited our hospital with complaints of dysuria. Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate was performed for benign prostatic hyperplasia. The resected histopathological prostate tissue showed malignancy (Gleason score: 3 + 3 = 6). Two years thereafter, Gleason score progressed (4 + 5 = 9) concomitantly with increased prostate‐specific antigen levels. Therefore, tri‐modality therapy, including brachytherapy, was applied. Combined androgen blockade therapy was conducted over a 9‐month period. One month after brachytherapy, external beam radiation was performed.ConclusionBrachytherapy following transurethral prostate surgery is relatively contraindicated because of increased adverse urethral event frequency and seed placement difficulties. A tri‐modality therapy, including brachytherapy, was implemented without any major problems in this patient with high‐risk prostate cancer after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate, following which he had a favorable prognosis without recurrence for 6 years.
Malnutrition outweighs the effect of the obesity paradox
Authors: Prausmüller Suriya , Heitzinger Gregor , Pavo Noemi , Spinka Georg , Goliasch Georg , Arfsten Henrike , Gabler Cornelia , Strunk Guido , Hengstenberg Christian , Hülsmann Martin , Bartko Philipp E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundHigh body mass index (BMI) is paradoxically associated with better outcome in patients with heart failure (HF). The effects of malnutrition on this phenomenon across the whole spectrum of HF have not yet been studied.MethodsIn this observational study, patients were classified by guideline diagnostic criteria to one of three heart failure subtypes: reduced (HFrEF), mildy reduced (HFmrEF), and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Data were retrieved from the Viennese‐community healthcare provider network between 2010 and 2020. The relationship between BMI, nutritional status reflected by the prognostic nutritional index (PNI), and survival was assessed. Patients were classified by the presence (PNI < 45) or absence (PNI ≥ 45) of malnutrition.ResultsOf the 11 995 patients enrolled, 6916 (58%) were classified as HFpEF, 2809 (23%) HFmrEF, and 2270 HFrEF (19%). Median age was 70 years (IQR 61–77), and 67% of patients were men. During a median follow‐up time of 44 months (IQR 19–76), 3718 (31%) of patients died. After adjustment for potential confounders, BMI per IQR increase was independently associated with better survival (adj. hazard ratio [HR]: 0.91 [CI 0.86–0.97], P = 0.005), this association remained significant after additional adjustment for HF type (adj. HR: 0.92 [CI 0.86–0.98], P = 0.011). PNI was available in 10 005 patients and lowest in HFrEF patients. PNI was independently associated with improved survival (adj. HR: 0.96 [CI 0.95–0.97], P < 0.001); additional adjustment for HF type yielded similar results (adj. HR: 0.96 [CI 0.96–0.97], P < 0.001). Although obese patients experienced a 30% risk reduction, malnutrition at least doubled the risk for death with 1.8‐ to 2.5‐fold higher hazards for patients with poor nutritional status compared with normal weight well‐nourished patients.ConclusionsThe obesity paradox seems to be an inherent characteristic of HF regardless of phenotype and nutritional status. Yet malnutrition significantly changes trajectory of outcome with regard to BMI alone: obese patients with malnutrition have a considerably worse outcome compared with their well‐nourished counterparts, outweighing protective effects of high BMI alone. In this context, routine recommendation towards weight loss in patients with obesity and HF should generally be made with caution and focus should be shifted on nutritional status.
Bioimpedance Spectroscopy Reveals Important Association of Fluid Status and T1‐Mapping by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Donà Carolina , Nitsche Christian , Anegg Oliver , Poschner Thomas , Koschutnik Matthias , Duca Franz , Aschauer Stefan , Dannenberg Varius , Schneider Matthias , Schoenbauer Robert , Beitzke Dietrich , Loewe Christian , Hengstenberg Christian , Mascherbauer Julia , Kammerlander Andreas 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundExtracellular matrix expansion is a key pathophysiologic feature in heart failure and can be quantified noninvasively by cardiac magnetic resonance T1‐mapping. Free water within the interstitial space of the myocardium, however, may also alter T1‐mapping results.PurposeTo investigate the association between systemic fluid status and T1‐mapping by cardiac magnetic resonance.Study TypeProspective, observational single‐center study.PopulationTwo‐hundred eighty‐five consecutive patients (44.4% female, 70.0 ± 14.9 years old) scheduled for cardiac MR due to various cardiac diseases.Sequence and Field Strength1.5‐T scanner (Avanto Fit, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany). For T1‐mapping, electrocardiographically triggered modified‐Look‐Locker inversion (MOLLI) recovery sequence using a 5(3)3 prototype on a short‐axis mid‐cavity slice and with a four‐chamber view was performed.AssessmentsMR parameters including native myocardial T1‐times using MOLLI and extracellular volume (MR‐ECV) were assessed, and additionally, we performed bioimpedance analysis (BIA). Furthermore, demographic data and comorbidities were assessed.StatisticsWilcoxon's rank‐sum test, chi‐square tests, and for correlation analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficients were used. Regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between patients' fluid status and T1‐mapping results. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe mixed cohort presented with a mean overhydration (OH) of +0.2 ± 2.4 liters, as determined by BIA. By MR, native T1‐times were 1038 ± 51 msec and MR‐ECV was 31 ± 9%.In the multivariable regression analysis, only OH was significantly associated with MR‐ECV (adj. beta: 0.711; 95% CI: 0.28 to 1.14) along with male sex (adj. beta: 2.529; 95% CI: 0.51 to 4.55). In linear as well as multivariable analysis, only OH was significantly associated with native T1 times (adj. beta: 3.750; 95% CI: 1.27 to 6.23).ConclusionT1‐times and MR‐ECV were significantly associated with the degree of OH on BIA measurement. These effects were independent from age, sex, body mass index, and hematocrit. Patients' volume status may thus be an important factor when T1‐time and MR‐ECV values are interpreted.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage3
Biological preparation and characterization of surfactant‐like peptides
Authors: Meng Shujuan , Wang Yadong , Mu Jing , Pang Zhengjun , Wang Fenghuan , Liao Yonghong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSurfactant‐like peptides are a class of small molecule short peptides with surface activity designed independently by imitating the structural characteristics of natural lipid molecules. Surfactant‐like peptides have the advantages of no pollution to the environment, easy biodegradation, strong bacteriostasis, and nutrition, which accords with the development concept of the modern green industry. They are widely used in many fields such as cleaning, food, cosmetics, medicine. At present, such surfactants are mainly synthesized by expensive chemical methods. The efficient synthesis of surfactant‐like peptides by biological methods has become a significant research direction. This method is environmentally friendly and can achieve low‐cost and efficient production. In this study, three novel surfactant‐like peptides were designed and synthesized by biological methods and successfully expressed in vitro. By optimizing of the expression host, expression vector, and fermentation conditions, the optimal expression amount was finally obtained. In addition, these surfactant‐like peptides were found to have good surface activity and low critical micelle concentration. More importantly, they are pH‐responsive and can self‐assemble to form nanostructures in different solutions, which provides essential research value for the production of novel nanomaterials in the future. This study is the first to construct and express three novel surfactant‐like peptides by biological methods, which effectively reduce the production cost compared to chemical methods; and it was also found to have excellent surfactant properties. This provides the basis for large‐scale industrial production and application.
Longitudinal relationships between bullying and prosocial behavior: The mediating roles of trauma‐related guilt and shame
Authors: Lian Yangyu , Liu Luming , Lu Zi'ang , Wang Wenchao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe present study examined the relationships between bullying, trauma‐related guilt, trauma‐related shame, and prosocial behaviors. We investigated 1,322 college students using a longitudinal approach to explore the internal mechanism between bullying, prosocial behaviors, and the probable mediating effects of trauma‐related guilt and shame. The results suggested that bullying negatively predicted prosocial behaviors and that trauma‐related guilt played a positive mediating role. In contrast, trauma‐related shame played a negative mediating role in the relationship between bullying and prosocial behaviors. These findings indicated that trauma‐related guilt and shame played adaptive and maladaptive roles after bullying victimization, which also provided a theoretical basis for the relevant intervention.
Patient perspectives and self‐rated knowledge of nerve transfer surgery for restoring upper limb function in spinal cord injury
Authors: Manna Mariam , Mortenson W. Ben , Kardeh Bahareh , Douglas Sam , Marks Chris , Krauss Emily M. , Berger Michael J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundNerve transfer surgery has the potential to restore upper limb function in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI); however, there has been limited exploration of patient perception of nerve transfer.ObjectiveTo explore the perspectives of patients with chronic SCI (>2 years from injury) on nerve transfer surgery, and to determine if an educational intervention improved participants' perceived knowledge levels about the procedure.DesignMixed‐methods study including qualitative semi‐structured interviews and self‐reported rating scales. Pre‐ and post‐interviews were completed following an educational presentation.SettingTwo local SCI clinics.ParticipantsTen patients with chronic traumatic SCI and neurological level of injury C3‐C7 (motor complete or incomplete), recruited via snowball sampling (six male, four female).InterventionAn educational slide presentation on nerve transfer concepts.Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary study outcome measure is the participants' responses to interview questions. The secondary study outcome measure is their self‐reported knowledge levels of nerve transfer before and after education.ResultsRegaining upper limb function was a priority for all participants. Although most participants had heard of nerve transfer, none were offered it at the time of their SCI, and only two stated that they had any peers who had undergone the procedure. The educational module significantly increased self‐rated scores on understanding of nerve transfer (p < .05). Although all participants were open to nerve transfer after the educational module, they described weighing different factors, including (1) potential for loss versus gain of function, (2) inadequate knowledge about nerve transfer, (3) recovery time, and (4) determining their eligibility for the surgery.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that people with SCI have limited understanding of nerve transfer as a potential option and would benefit from educational opportunities to help them make informed decisions. This study may inform the development of patient resources to improve pre‐surgical consultation and informed decision‐making.
Inclusion of unexposed clusters improves the precision of fixed effects analysis of stepped‐wedge cluster randomized trials
Authors: Lee Kenneth Menglin , Ma Xiangmei , Yang Grace Meijuan , Cheung Yin Bun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStepped‐wedge cluster randomized trials (SW‐CRTs) are typically analyzed using mixed effects models. The fixed effects model is a useful alternative that controls for all time‐invariant cluster‐level confounders and has proper control of type I error when the number of clusters is small. In principle, all clusters in SW‐CRTs are designed to eventually receive the intervention, but in real‐world research, some trials can end with unexposed clusters (clusters that never received the intervention), such as when a trial is terminated early based on interim analysis results. Typically, unexposed clusters are expected to contribute no information to the fixed effects intervention effect estimator and are excluded from fixed effects analyses. In this article we mathematically prove that inclusion of unexposed clusters improves the precision of the fixed effects least squares dummy variable (LSDV) intervention effect estimator, re‐analyze data from a recent SW‐CRT of a novel palliative care intervention containing an unexposed cluster, and evaluate the methods by simulation. We found that including unexposed clusters improves the precision of the fixed effects LSDV intervention effect estimator in both real and simulated datasets. Our simulations also reveal an increase in power and decrease in root mean square error. These improvements are present even if the assumptions of constant residual variance and period effects are violated. In the case that a SW‐CRT concludes with unexposed clusters, these unexposed clusters can be included in the fixed effects LSDV analysis to improve precision, power, and root mean square error.