bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design method of supercritical hydrocarbon fuel injection for a scramjet
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhang Ruoling , Wang Xiangyi , Jiang Jin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBoth the fuel transfer control scheme and the knowledge of fuel temperature and pressure values before injection are important to a scramjet engine. A measurement method of the fluid temperature suitable for small channel is presented, and a fluid transfer control scheme of the area of injecting holes is designed using the balance equations of fluid mass, energy and entropy. A convective heat transfer experiment is conducted to evaluate the temperature measurement and the fluid transfer control design method of the heat absorbing supercritical hydrocarbon fuel. The results show that during the heating process the injecting pressure meets the requirement, and the fluid transfer control system works well. Such results suggest that the design method in the present work would be useful in the design of regenerative cooling for scramjet engines.
Inner and outer setting factors that influence the implementation of the National Diabetes Prevention Program (National DPP) using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR): a qualitative study
Authors: Madrigal Lillian , Manders Olivia C. , Kegler Michelle , Haardörfer Regine , Piper Sarah , Blais Linelle M. , Weber Mary Beth , Escoffery Cam 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundScaling evidence-based interventions are key to impacting population health. The National DPP lifestyle change program is one such intervention that has been scaled across the USA over the past 20 years; however, enrollment is an ongoing challenge. Furthermore, little is known about which organizations are most successful with program delivery, enrollment, and scaling. This study aims to understand more about the internal and external organization factors that impact program implementation and reach.MethodsBetween August 2020 and January 2021, data were collected through semi-structured key informant interviews with 30 National DPP delivery organization implementers. This study uses a qualitative cross-case construct rating methodology to assess which Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR)innerandouter settingconstructs contributed (both in valence and magnitude) to the organization’s current level of implementation reach (measured by average participant enrollment per year). A construct by case matrix was created with ratings for each CFIR construct by interviewee and grouped by implementation reach level.ResultsAcross the 16 inner and outer setting constructs and subconstructs, the interviewees with greater enrollment per year provided stronger and more positive examples related to implementation and enrollment of the program, while the lower reach groups reported stronger and more negative examples across rated constructs. Four inner setting constructs/subconstructs (structural characteristics, compatibility, goals and feedback, and leadership engagement) were identified as “distinguishing” between enrollment reach levels based on the difference between groups by average rating, the examination of the number of extreme ratings within levels, and the thematic analysis of the content discussed. Within these constructs, factors such as organization size and administrative processes; program fit with existing organization services and programs; the presence of enrollment goals; and active leadership involvement in implementation were identified as influencing program reach.ConclusionsOur study identified a number of influential CFIR constructs and their impact on National DPP implementation reach. These findings can be leveraged to improve efforts in recruiting and assisting delivery organizations to increase the reach and scale of the National DPP as well as other evidence-based interventions.
Factors influencing acceptance, adoption and adherence to sentinel node biopsy recommendations in the Australian Melanoma Management Guidelines: a qualitative study using an implementation science framework
Authors: Smith Andrea L. , Watts Caroline G. , Henderson Michael , Long Georgina V. , Rapport Frances , Saw Robyn P. M. , Scolyer Richard A. , Spillane Andrew J. , Thompson John F. , Cust Anne E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Sentinel node biopsy (SN biopsy) is a surgical procedure used to accurately stage patients with primary melanoma at high risk of recurrence. Although Australian Melanoma Management Guidelines recommend SN biopsy be considered in patients with melanomas > 1 mm thick, SN biopsy rates in Australia are reportedly low. Our objective was to identify factors impacting the acceptance, adoption and adherence to the Australian SN biopsy guideline recommendations.

Methods
Opinions of Australian key informants including clinicians, representatives from melanoma education and training providers, professional associations and colleges, and melanoma advocacy organisations were collected through semi-structured interviews (n = 29) and from publicly released statements (n = 14 news articles). Data analysis involved inductive and deductive thematic analysis using Flottorp’s determinants framework.

Results
A complex interplay of contemporary and historical factors was identified as influencing acceptance, adoption and adherence to the SN biopsy guideline recommendations at the individual, guideline, patient, organisational and social levels. Expert and peer opinion leaders have played an important role in facilitating or inhibiting adoption of guideline recommendations, as have financial incentives driven by healthcare-funding policies and non-financial incentives including professional identity and standing. Of critical importance have been the social and knowledge boundaries that exist between different professional groups to whom the guidelines apply (surgeons, dermatologists and primary care practitioners) with adherence to the guideline recommendations having the potential to shift work across professional boundaries, altering a clinician’s workflow and revenue. More recently, the emergence of effective immunotherapies and targeted therapies for patients at high risk of recurrence, the emergence of new opinion leaders on the topic (in medical oncology), and patient demands for accurate staging are playing crucial roles in overcoming the resistance to change created by these social and knowledge boundaries.

Conclusions
Acceptance and adherence to SN biopsy guideline recommendations in Australia over the past 20 years has involved a process of renegotiation and reframing of the evidence for SN biopsy in melanoma by clinicians from different professional groups and networks. This process has helped to refine the evidence for SN biopsy and our understanding of appropriate adoption. New effective systemic therapies have changed the balance towards accepting guideline recommendations.
Unraveling implementation context: the Basel Approach for coNtextual ANAlysis (BANANA) in implementation science and its application in the SMILe project
Authors: Mielke Juliane , Leppla Lynn , Valenta Sabine , Zullig Leah L. , Zúñiga Franziska , Staudacher Sandra , Teynor Alexandra , De Geest Sabina 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Designing intervention and implementation strategies with careful consideration of context is essential for successful implementation science projects. Although the importance of context has been emphasized and methodology for its analysis is emerging, researchers have little guidance on how to plan, perform, and report contextual analysis. Therefore, our aim was to describe the Basel Approach for coNtextual ANAlysis (BANANA) and to demonstrate its application on an ongoing multi-site, multiphase implementation science project to develop/adapt, implement, and evaluate an integrated care model in allogeneic SteM cell transplantatIon facILitated by eHealth (the SMILe project).

Methods
BANANA builds on guidance for assessing context by Stange and Glasgow (Contextual factors: the importance of considering and reporting on context in research on the patient-centered medical home, 2013). Based on a literature review, BANANA was developed in ten discussion sessions with implementation science experts and a medical anthropologist to guide the SMILe project’s contextual analysis. BANANA’s theoretical basis is the Context and Implementation of Complex Interventions (CICI) framework. Working from an ecological perspective, CICI acknowledges contextual dynamics and distinguishes between context and setting (the implementation’s physical location).

Results
BANANA entails six components: (1) choose a theory, model, or framework (TMF) to guide the contextual analysis; (2) use empirical evidence derived from primary and/or secondary data to identify relevant contextual factors; (3) involve stakeholders throughout contextual analysis; (4) choose a study design to assess context; (5) determine contextual factors’ relevance to implementation strategies/outcomes and intervention co-design; and (6) report findings of contextual analysis following appropriate reporting guidelines. Partly run simultaneously, the first three components form a basis both for the identification of relevant contextual factors and for the next components of the BANANA approach.

Discussion
Understanding of context is indispensable for a successful implementation science project. BANANA provides much-needed methodological guidance for contextual analysis. In subsequent phases, it helps researchers apply the results to intervention development/adaption and choices of contextually tailored implementation strategies. For future implementation science projects, BANANA’s principles will guide researchers first to gather relevant information on their target context, then to inform all subsequent phases of their implementation science project to strengthen every part of their work and fulfill their implementation goals.
Mechanical evaluation of recycled aggregate mixes and its application in reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) stretch
Authors: Choudhary Lokesh , Bansal Shubham , Kalra Megha , Dagar Lokesh 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The depletion of natural resources has led to the need of looking out for alternatives of primary construction materials. The use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has become a common practice as it reduces economic burden and saves natural resources and energy. This study is based on partial replacement of fresh natural aggregate with reclaimed aggregate. The project is divided into two phases; first one discusses the mechanical viability of replacing 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% of fresh aggregates with reclaimed aggregates. The second phase involves the study conducted on a 9.8 KM dense bituminous macadam (DBM) layer, constructed using the most optimum mix from the first phase of study. Finally, a cost analysis of the pavement was conducted to assess its economic viability.

Results
In the light of MORTH guidelines, laboratory results showed improvement in the Marshall parameters till 30% replacement of fresh aggregates. Eventually, the DBM layer was constructed using the mix design having 30% replaced fresh aggregates. It showed satisfactory performance after short-term duration without any evidence of rutting or fatigue cracking on surface. Testing of core samples from road stretch proved the negligible degradation with ageing.

Conclusion
The DBM constructed using reclaimed aggregate showed a saving of 15% in the total cost.
Students' perceptions of online learning in higher education during COVID-19: an empirical study of MBA and DBA students in Egypt
Authors: Soliman Cherine , Salman Doaa , GamalEldin Gaydaa Osama 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTargeting to evaluate the analytical rigour of empirical research in management education, this study's goal is to find out how students felt about the sudden shift to online education. As well as to provide an assessment of online education performance in higher education from the students’ perception was it a success or a failure, or a path for change based on the findings? The study also considers the peculiarities of the Egyptian higher education system as well as the students’ environment, capabilities and limitations. An online questionnaire was used to survey 625 MBA and 41 DBA students. Results show that students’ satisfaction with online education is influenced by several factors, including their resources and talents. Student initiative was discovered to play a moderating role in the effects of student, instructor, and institution factors on students' satisfaction with online education. This research is being carried out during the COVID-19 outbreak to see how online instruction affects student achievement.
Concerns of iodized salt and its effects for women seeking antenatal care in Pakistan
Authors: Shaikh Faryal , Mumtaz Seema N. , Shaikh Aqeel Ahmed 
Published: October 2022

Background and Objective: Pregnant women are the most susceptible group for Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) whose neonate are at the risk of brain impairment, if they are iodine deficient in utero. The study was carried out to analyze the concerns and effects regarding iodized salt and IDD in women seeking antenatal care in Pakistan
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Obstetrics OPD at Civil Hospital Karachi from April 2017 to January 2018. In this study, antenatal care seeking women (n=360) visiting obstetric outpatient department (OPD) at public sector tertiary care hospital of Karachi were interviewed face to face using a structured questionnaire. Systematic random sampling method was employed. Kruskal Wallis test was applied to assess the significance among study variables.
Results: Sixty-three (63.6%) of pregnant women heard about iodized salt. Approximately 40.6% of them received iodized salt related information through mass media. Ninety (90.6%) were ignorant that their unborn child needs iodine for brain development. A statistically significant association was found between the educational status (p<0.001), household income (p<0.001), age (p=0.016), ethnicity (p=0.018), trimester (p=0.005) with the knowledge of study participants regarding iodized salt and IDD.
Conclusion: There is an immense need to address the present concerns of women seeking antenatal care by advocacy and health education on individual and at mass level regarding the use of iodized salt among women seeking antenatal care. Advocacy can be done by governmental initiatives, medical personnel and through mass media in all tertiary care hospitals of Pakistan.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.5220
How to cite this:Shaikh F, Mumtaz SN, Shaikh AA. Concerns of iodized salt and its effects for women seeking antenatal care in Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(8):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.5220
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Diagnostic Errors: Association with level of expertise, effect of time taken to reach the diagnosis and utilization of differential diagnosis checklists among postgraduate trainees
Authors: Khan Hasham , Mahboob Usman , Ahmad Tariq 
Published: October 2022

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to evaluate: (1) The association between level of training (expertise) and rate of diagnostic errors. (2) The effect of time taken to reach a diagnosis on the frequency of diagnostic errors. (3) The effect of utilization of differential diagnosis checklists in reducing the frequency of diagnostic errors.
Methods: The study was carried out from November 2020 till April 2021 in Peshawar. The participants included FCPS Part-II trainees of Maxillofacial Surgery undergoing training in five centres. Thirty written case scenarios were prepared and validated, ten scenarios for each of the three objectives. To evaluate the association between training level (expertise) and the rate of diagnostic errors, two groups of trainees (1st year group and 4th year group) were formed and given ten same case scenarios for diagnosis. To evaluate the effect of time taken to reach diagnosis on the frequency of diagnostic errors, two groups of 4th year trainees (fast group and slow group) were formed by random allocation of participants to groups and given ten similar case scenarios for diagnosis. Fast group was given 15-minutes whereas slow group was given 30-minutes to respond. To evaluate the effect of utilization of differential diagnosis checklists in reducing diagnostic errors, again two groups of 4th year trainees were formed by random allocation of participants to groups and given ten similar case scenarios for diagnosis. One group was given differential diagnosis checklists for the scenarios and the other none.
Results: In this study, participants included were 1st year (n=36) and 4th year (n=36) trainees of Maxillofacial Surgery. The results showed that training level or expertise was significantly associated with the rate of diagnostic errors (p = 0.002). Time taken to reach diagnosis and differential diagnosis checklists have no significant effect on the frequency of diagnostic errors (p = 0.74 and 0.56 respectively).
Conclusions: Training level (expertise) has significant effect on the frequency of diagnostic errors whereas no significant effect was recorded for time (time taken to reach diagnosis) and differential diagnosis checklists on the rate of diagnostic errors.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.5392
How to cite this:Khan H, Mahboob U, Ahmad T. Diagnostic Errors: Association with level of expertise, effect of time taken to reach the diagnosis and utilization of differential diagnosis checklists among postgraduate trainees . Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(8):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.5392
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
A clinical study on clinical features,manifestations and drug resistance of melioidosis
Authors: Hui Huang , Sheng Yan , Han Xiaosheng , Wang Suimei , Zhang Gang , Wei Xiaobing 
Published: October 2022

Objectives: To explore the clinical features, manifestations and drug resistance of melioidosis.
Methods: The clinical data of 45 melioidosis patients treated by Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University during January 2015 and January 2020 were studied. Informaiton collected included age, birthplace, area of residence, sex, ethnic group, clinical symptoms or signs, colony culture results, degree of drug resistance, treatment regimens and outcomes, department of initial diagnosis, and specimen type, thereby giving an analysis of the clinical features, manifestations, and treatment outcomes of the disease. Body fluids were obtained from all patients to analyze the drug resistance of the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei based on colony culture and susceptibility test results.
Results: In the 45 cases of melioidosis, the clinical manifestations predominantly included low fever (31.11%), pulmonary infection (22.22%); auxiliary examinations often suggested increases in C reactive protein (CRP) (73.33%), white blood cell count (#WBC) (68.89%) and procalcitonin (PCT) (66.67%); susceptibility test results showed that Burkholderia pseudomallei yielded high sensitive rate to antibacterials including trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (SXT) (88.89%),ceftazidime (CAZ)(93.33%), meropenem (MEM) (100.00%), imipenem (IPM)(100.00%); Of the 45 melioidosis patients, 23 were cured (51.11%), and 21 showed an improvement (33.33%) or remained stable (13.33%); A relatively high percentage of the patients experienced post-discharge recurrence/aggravation (recurrence within six months: 4.44%; recurrence within a year: 6.67%).
Conclusions: Low fever, pulmonary infection, and increases in serum inflammatory markers are major clinical features of melioidosis. Burkholderia pseudomallei presents high resistance rates to antibacterials such as GEN, FEP, AMP, and IPM.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.5506
How to cite this:Hui H, Sheng Y, Han X, Wang S, Zhang G, Wei X. A clinical study on clinical features, manifestations and drug resistance of melioidosis. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(8):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.5506
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
role of trade unions in sport - the essence, features and perspectives
Authors: Matuszak Michał 
Published: October 2022

Trade unions play an important role in organizing activities in the field of labour law, although some representatives of the doctrine believe that the ruling powers of trade unions are in fact administrative in nature. The role of trade unions is important in all sectors of the economy, including sports. In many European countries, trade unions in sport play a key role in ensuring that players’ right are respected. The potential of trade unions in Poland is still not fully used. The aim of this article is to analyse the role of trade unions in sport by determining their features and perspectives, in particular taking into account the extension of the subjective scope of the coalition right after the amendment to the Trade Unions Act. The deliberations will lead to an answer to the question: Is it finally time for trade unions in the professional sport sector or is it still a distant perspective?
The article uses the dogmatic and legal method, and also indicates foreign solutions in relation to the comparative method. The considerations present legal solutions in the USA, England and the Netherlands. The deliberations concern both labor law and sports law. The main conclusion from the conducted research is that there are formal and legal possibilities for trade unions to play a more important role in the medium and long term, however, there is no specific entity or group of entities that would be really interested in their development, both among the athletes themselves as well as in sports clubs and Polish sports associations or the Ministry of Sport.