bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A century of variations in extreme flow across Finnish rivers
Authors: Gohari Alireza , Jalali Shahrood Abolfazl , Ghadimi Sahand , Alborz Mohammadreza , Patro Epari Ritesh , Klöve Björn , Torabi Haghighi Ali 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
River flow in cold climates is known to be one of the hydrological systems most affected by climate change, playing a central role in the sustainability of downstream socio-ecological systems. Numerous studies on the temporal and spatial variations of streamflow characteristics have been done, and a comprehensive study on the variation of hydrologic extremes is becoming increasingly important. This study evaluated the long-running changes in the magnitude, time, and inter-annual variability of hydrologic extremes, including high and low flow in 16 major Finnish rivers. We applied four new hydrologic extreme indices for summer–winter low flow ratio, spring-absolute high flow ratio, time-to-peak index, and increasing rate index during the snowmelt period to analyze the spatiotemporal variations of extreme streamflow from 1911 to 2020. The most detected trends in flow regimes have started in the last six decades and become more severe from 1991 to 2020, which is likely to be dominated by anthropogenic global warming. The results also indicated that alteration of low pulses in most rivers was associated with an increase (decrease) in winter (summer) flows, suggesting the annual minimum flow in summer frequently contradicts natural hydrologic regimes in Arctic rivers. Southern Finland has experienced higher variations in extreme hydrology over the last century. A new low flow regime was detected for southern rivers, characterized by frequent annual minimum flow in summer instead of winter. Moreover, the annual maximum flow before/after spring dictated a new high-flow regime characterized by frequent double peak flows in this region.
How air pollution altered the association of meteorological exposures and the incidence of dengue fever
Authors: Ju Xu , Zhang Wangjian , Yimaer Wumitijiang , Lu Jianyun , Xiao Jianpeng , Qu Yanji , Wu Gonghua , Wu Wenjing , Zhang Yuqin , Chen Shirui , Lin Xiao , Wang Ying , Wang Xinran , Jiang Jie , Lin Ziqiang , Ma Xiaowei , Du Zhicheng , Hao Yuantao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMeteorological exposures are well-documented factors underlying the dengue pandemics, and air pollution was reported to have the potential to change the behaviors and health conditions of mosquitos. However, it remains unclear whether air pollution could modify the association of meteorological exposures and the incidence of dengue fever. We matched the dengue surveillance data with the meteorological and air pollution data collected from monitoring sites from 2015 through 2019 in Guangzhou area. We developed generalized additive models with Poisson distribution to regress the daily counts of dengue against four meteorological exposures, while controlling for pollution and normalized difference vegetation index to evaluate the risk ratio (RR) of dengue for each unit increase in different exposures. The interaction terms of meteorological exposures and air pollution were then included to assess the modification effect of different pollution on the associations. Daily dengue cases were nonlinearly associated with one-week cumulative temperature and precipitation, while not associated with humidity and wind speed. RRs were 1.07 (1.04, 1.11) and 0.95 (0.88, 1.03) for temperature below and above 27.1 °C, 0.97 (0.96, 0.98) and 1.05 (1.01, 1.08) for precipitation below and above 20.3 mm, respectively. For the modification effect, the RRs of low-temperature, wind speed on higher SO2days and low-precipitation on both higher PM2.5and SO2days were greater compared to the low-pollution days withPinteractionbeing 0.037, 0.030, 0.022 and 0.018. But the RRs of both high-temperature on higher SO2days and high-precipitation on higher PM2.5d were smaller withPinteractionbeing 0.001 and 0.043. Air pollution could alter the meteorology-dengue associations. The impact of low-temperature, low-precipitation and wind speed on dengue occurrence tended to increase on days with high SO2levels while the impact of high-temperature decreased. The impact of low-precipitation increased on high-PM2.5d while the impact of high-precipitation decreased.
Forests for forests: combining vegetation indices with solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence in random forest models improves gross primary productivity prediction in the boreal forest
Authors: Pierrat Zoe Amie , Bortnik Jacob , Johnson Bruce , Barr Alan , Magney Troy , Bowling David R , Parazoo Nicholas , Frankenberg Christian , Seibt Ulli , Stutz Jochen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Remote sensing is a powerful tool for understanding and scaling measurements of plant carbon uptake via photosynthesis, gross primary productivity (GPP), across space and time. The success of remote sensing measurements can be attributed to their ability to capture valuable information on plant structure (physical) and function (physiological), both of which impact GPP. However, no single remote sensing measure provides a universal constraint on GPP and the relationships between remote sensing measurements and GPP are often site specific, thereby limiting broader usefulness and neglecting important nuances in these signals. Improvements must be made in how we connect remotely sensed measurements to GPP, particularly in boreal ecosystems which have been traditionally challenging to study with remote sensing. In this paper we improve GPP prediction by using random forest models as a quantitative framework that incorporates physical and physiological information provided by solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) and vegetation indices (VIs). We analyze 2.5 years of tower-based remote sensing data (SIF and VIs) across two field locations at the northern and southern ends of the North American boreal forest. We find (a) remotely sensed products contain information relevant for understanding GPP dynamics, (b) random forest models capture quantitative SIF, GPP, and light availability relationships, and (c) combining SIF and VIs in a random forest model outperforms traditional parameterizations of GPP based on SIF alone. Our new method for predicting GPP based on SIF and VIs improves our ability to quantify terrestrial carbon exchange in boreal ecosystems and has the potential for applications in other biomes.
Eigenstates of two-level systems in a single-mode quantum field: from quantum Rabi model to N-atom Dicke model in the Coulomb gauge
Authors: Leonau A U , San Nguyen Quang , Ulyanenkov A P , Skoromnik O D , Feranchuk I D 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In the present paper we show that the Hamiltonian describing the resonant interaction of N two-level systems with a single-mode electromagnetic quantum field in the Coulomb gauge can be diagonalized with a high degree of accuracy using a simple basis set of states. This allows one to find an analytical approximation for the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the system, which interpolates the numerical solution in a broad range of the coupling constant values. For the first time, we show that the energy spectrum of Dicke model (DM) as a function of N (with

N
≫
1

) satisfies the simple scaling relation. In addition, the introduced basis states provide a regular way of calculating the corrections and estimating the convergence to the exact numerical solution. Analytical approximations and numerical results describing the energy spectrum are valid for both quantum Rabi model (N = 1) and DM for

N
⩾
2

atoms.
Algebraic Bethe ansatz for Q-operators of the open XXX Heisenberg chain with arbitrary spin
Authors: Frassek Rouven , Szécsényi István M 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this note we construct Q-operators for the spin s open Heisenberg XXX chain with diagonal boundaries in the framework of the quantum inverse scattering method. Following the algebraic Bethe ansatz we diagonalise the introduced Q-operators using the fundamental commutation relations. By acting on Bethe off-shell states and explicitly evaluating the trace in the auxiliary space we compute the eigenvalues of the Q-operators in terms of Bethe roots and show that the unwanted terms vanish if the Bethe equations are satisfied.
Ways to study changes in pedestrians’ behaviour in the artificially lit urban outdoor environment
Authors: Ingi Dmitrii , Bhusal Pramod , Pinho Paulo , Kyttä Marketta , Parker Martin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Lighting technologies have been rapidly developing in recent years together with the advancement in digital and connected technologies. Nevertheless, while achieving quantitative goals with the help of technical developments, there is always a need to correlate them with their impacts on users’ experience. This paper focuses on the changes in human behaviour whilst walking under an artificially lit outdoor environment. A systematic literature search was conducted from which three groups of a pedestrians’ behaviour were identified, namely walking (including activity levels and walking patterns), microscopic mobility (including walking speed, gait characteristics and use of walkway space) and gaze behaviour. An additional round of a literature search was done for each of the group mentioned above. Final set of the articles consisted of 41, 13 and 12 papers for walking, microscopic mobility behaviour and gaze behaviour subgroups respectively. The existing knowledge on possible changes in pedestrian behaviour caused by various artificial lighting settings was summarized. In addition, the methods to gather data about these changes applied in the selected papers were reviewed, and the perspectives for video-based analysis and online public participation geographic information system methodologies were discussed.
Describing the characteristics of light field in architectural spaces using spherical harmonic function
Authors: Yanagawa Kazunori , Fujihira Ayane , Yamaguchi Hideki , Yoshizawa Nozomu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The direction, density, and diffusivity of light are important indicators of spatial characteristics in describing a three-dimensional light environment. Mury presented a method for describing, measuring, and visualizing the structure of light fields using spherical harmonics in terms of changes in the density and direction of light in three-dimensional space. We extended this study by using higher-order spherical harmonics, which would represent more diverse characteristics of the light environment. We also quantitatively described the light environment as numerical values and investigated the correspondence between these numerical values and human perceptual quantities. As a result, we confirmed that there is a certain degree of correspondence between the “complexity” quantified by the spherical harmonic and the “complexity” perceived by people when observing real space.
The Appearances of Daylight – an educational method for studying daylight
Authors: Grønlund L 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The central theme is daylight. In other words, seeing and sensing it, registering it through photographs and drawing the tangible conditions that form the framework for the appearances of daylight. Basically, it is about practising the ability to see differences – to see the differences in the daylight and thus heighten an awareness of how to choose to design with daylight in architecture. In educating architects, we are keenly aware of encouraging students to develop an awareness of the importance and effects of daylight. This paper will examine how the experience of daylight through a specific qualitative method can provide students with new knowledge through a phenological approach: gaining knowledge by studying the daylight in the home of each student where they live their daily lives, perhaps seeing the daylight or overlooking it. Their home becomes a laboratory for studying and documenting daylight through different formats and using different tools. There is a need to develop new teaching methods that can give students insight and tools for seeing daylight, founded on a belief that through this experience and knowledge they can design architecture with nuanced, diverse experiences of daylight. In a sustainable perspective, robust aesthetic sustainability must begin with the qualities of space, of which daylight is one of the most significant elements.
In-situ evaluation of high-performance glazing based on illuminance and glare
Authors: Karmann Caroline , Wienold Jan , Kostro André , Florio Pietro , Schüler Andreas , Scartezzini Jean-Louis , Andersen Marilyne 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
High-technology glazing panes are designed to meet the need for natural light, while optimizing key functions such as reducing solar heat gain in spaces and/or redirecting daylight to the rear of the spaces. However, the actual performance in terms of both illumination and glare protection of these glazing systems is often unknown. This study aims to compare the visual comfort performance of four complex fenestration systems by means of point-in-time measurements under real sky conditions and for different seasons. The tested systems included: two glazing types with embedded seasonal solar protection, namely, MicroShade™ and Coolshade™, one prototype of daylight redirecting glazing with embedded micro-mirrors (GEMM), and one clear glazing. We conducted our tests in side-by-side nearly identical spaces in the NEST building in Dübendorf, Switzerland. Results showed a higher daylight provision for clear and daylight redirecting glazing. Discomfort glare assessment from daylight showed that MicroShade™ was substantially more efficient at addressing glare due to sunlight for high sun angles when compared to Coolshade™. The performance of the GEMM prototype was highly dependent on the glazing pane used and one pane provided a promising performance when it comes to mitigating glare risks for high sun positions. However, none of the systems were able to provide an adequate glare protection for lower sun positions. The performed measurements provide a basis for the calibration of simulation models.
Identifying Nurses’ Perception of a Lighting Installation in a Newly Built Hospital
Authors: Schledermann Kathrine , Bjørner Thomas , Mullins Michael , Hansen Torben 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Prior to the installation of new integrative lighting systems, perceived experiences by nurses of the existing lighting were collected as a baseline study through interviews at two newly built hospital units in Denmark. This paper addresses the advantages and barriers that the current lighting application presents for the nurses’ work-practice. The study found that ten out of twelve of the interviewed staff at the Neurointensive Care Unit (neuro-ICU) and Postanesthesia Care Unit (PACU) prefer to work in relatively dark conditions. The interviews revealed how light and darkness are perceived as important to the staff for entraining the circadian rhythm of the patients; this was manifested in their working routines. An identification and description of nurses’ experience will guide and inform future implementation of integrative lighting systems at neuro-ICU and PACU to ensure patients’ sleep quality and recovery, improve visual comfort for the staff, enhance the degree of perceived usefulness of the lighting systems and facilitate technology acceptance. The study concludes that there is a need for implementing differentiated lighting design for the different units and contexts in the hospital, in contrast to a ‘one-size fits-all’ lighting implementation.
Colour of reflected light: a determinant of sustainable spatial function
Authors: Bhatia M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
According to the works of W.R. Ott, we are an ‘indoor species’, spending on an average, 87% of our time in closed environments [1]. Our long interaction with indoor surroundings, creates the need for such spaces to be sustainable, bringing factors affecting user behaviour and consequent usage patterns under the microscope. This is an empirical study investigating if reflected light carries a component of colour taken from pigmented surfaces and if this colour of reflected light has any influence on usability of a space and its user pattern. The study is conducted in domestic interior environments of a student housing in Stockholm under artificial light conditions that were static and constant. The period of study was limited to weekends to observe the user behaviour in conditions of free will. It is a comparative analysis between two dining spaces having identical architectural and lighting attributes, with colour of walls as the only change in the two study sets. There were two separate user groups of similar age groups, similar needs and similar time schedule. The study includes four stages of observation and data gathering by adopting qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The effects of colour on the perception of space and light and hence usability of the two spaces cannot be negated completely, even if more study is needed to prove the same. The results can be used to question the photometric instruments in their inability to detect such aspects of reflected light. This also helps to underline the need for involvement of a qualified lighting designer in the making of spaces from the beginning till the end for interpreting the effects of the interactions between light and pigmented surfaces. The findings may be considered a stimulus for developing a set of standards for colour and coloured reflected light in a given environment as a measurable parameter of light for sustained usage of indoor environments.
A review of lighting research in educational spaces
Authors: Angelaki S , Besenecker U , Danielsson C B 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The present paper summarises tendencies related to research in lighting for school environments from 1980 to 2020. Methods and tools used to evaluate and analyse both daylight and electric lighting are presented. The studies in this literature review were grouped in four decades and are presented chronologically. The review suggests a shift from on-site evaluations in the early decades, both when using qualitative and quantitative research methods, to software-based research and analysis in more recent studies. during the past decade, there appears to be a general increase in both software and user-based techniques for evaluation and design of educational spaces. However, it is interesting that the lighting layout in classrooms does not show significant changes during the four decades since it follows the same grid pattern regardless of the changes in architectural, design and teaching tendencies.
Challenges in lighting education: a recommended practice
Authors: Scarazzato Paulo Sergio , da Silva Fonseca Matos Jéssica Cristine , França Ana Judite Galbiatti Limongi , Pavani Taísa Dóccosse 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Although lighting is a theme usually loved by architects, there are few studies about appropriate pedagogical strategies focusing on its teaching in architectural undergraduate courses. This subject rarely is present in conferences, symposia, and similar events regarding architectural education. Due to historical mistakes, lighting education is often conducted in such courses with no link to the architectural design process. Regarding daylighting, it not always goes beyond solar geometry and insolation control, and electrical lighting is addressed to the discipline of electrical installations, strictly based on a calculation approach. It urges to present lighting to students as an integral and indissociable part of the architectural space itself. Also, it is essential to support a process of learning based on observation and laboratory experimentation. This paper discusses these issues and presents a pedagogical proposal favouring drawing with light, both daylighting and electrical lighting, since the first steps of the architectural design process. An electronic tool yet under development and destined to help in decision-making related to daylighting in the initial phases of design development is also presented. For a sustainable and safe future in a world in rapid transformations due to technological advances and pandemic events, lighting education deserves to be exhaustively studied by educators and architecture schools worldwide. Sharing knowledge in a network seems to be the best way for such an objective.
Lighting design for diversity: Learning from low-vision rehabilitation
Authors: Øien T B , Frandsen A K 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Science understands and handles a phenomenon from different perspectives. Light is handled as daylight, artificial light, task light, and general light, as physics, electrical technology, or safety aids. However, as part of people’s everyday lives, the different characteristics of the phenomena fluxes and blend, as people’s needs and preferences to lighting differ across a day, in different situations, and not least across a lifetime. Current societal agendas as Leave No One Behind or the sustainable development goals, stress the need for a more holistic approach in design: For the built environment to support wellbeing, comfort, and quality of life, for all.
Disabilities have traditionally been defined in relation to abilities and the normal-bodied, with special aids for special needs, and special spaces for the ‘other’. Niches for the other is seen in the field of lighting as special solutions for visually impaired, and correspondingly, lighting is a niche in low-vision services, that has been guided by diagnostics and recommendations of specific lux levels. Thus, more holistic and interdisciplinary initiatives within low-vision rehabilitation that have explored the rehabilitative role of lighting as support of the visually impaired individual in their everyday life, show that individualizing and optimizing the individual’s domestic lighting can improve their quality of life. Can the findings from low-vision rehabilitation be translated into the field of lighting design, informing a qualitative approach, and work as an incubator for more diverse user perspectives?
The interactions of the low-vision consultants, visually impaired participants, and their domestic lighting, have been studied in a case study of the role of lighting in low-vision rehabilitation. Participatory observations of 15 consultations and interviews with 17 visually impaired participants form the basis for an analysis of the dynamic human environment interaction at stake, using the theoretical frameworks of affordance and usability. The analysis contributes to a more situated and dynamic understanding of light: The experience of light is context dependent, and lighting needs and preferences are diverging regardless of diagnosis but rather constituted by the dynamic interactions. Consequently, this calls for user involvement and a more diverse user perspective in design processes, which could support more useful designs.
This study implies a promising potential within the intersection of research paradigms and practice: Between quality of life, lighting quality, architectural quality, and user perspectives closer to people’s complex and changing needs and preferences.