bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Daily and seasonal activity patterns of the dorcas gazelle, scimitar‐horned oryx, north‐African ostrich and canids in an arid habitat
Authors: Meliane Mohamed Khalil , Petretto Marie , Saidi Amira , Chetoui Abdelkader , Gilbert Tania , Nasri‐Ammar Karima 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNorth Africa's megafauna has developed behavioural adaptations to reduce energetic and fitness costs under harsh arid land conditions. Animal behaviour and activity patterns are difficult to study in the wild, but remote camera traps provide a solution to collecting data without the presence of a researcher influencing outcomes. Here, we report results from a study comprising over 20,382 camera‐trap days during a 34‐month period in Dghoumes National Park, Tunisia. We aimed to evaluate temporal activity patterns and their overlap and explore opportunities for niche partitioning. Our focal species were the reintroduced scimitar‐horned oryx, north‐African ostrich, dorcas gazelles and extant regional top‐order predators, African wolf and red fox. We found differences in activity patterns between seasons across the focal species, with the most noticeable change being an increase in dawn activity from 1% to 33% between winter and summer for the red fox. Consequently, higher summer temperatures limit opportunities for temporal niche partitioning and push focal species towards dawn‐time activity peaks resulting in higher intra‐guild overlap values at dawn. Arid antelopes have physiological adaptations that enable them to better exploit ecological resources in hotter time periods than the carnivores, and this reduces inter‐guild overlap during summer days.
Early introduction of peanut reduces peanut allergy across risk groups in pooled and causal inference analyses
Authors: Logan Kirsty , Bahnson Henry T. , Ylescupidez Alyssa , Beyer Kirsten , Bellach Johanna , Campbell Dianne E. , Craven Joanna , Du Toit George , Clare Mills E. N. , Perkin Michael R. , Roberts Graham , van Ree Ronald , Lack Gideon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Learning Early About Peanut allergy (LEAP) study has shown the effectiveness of early peanut introduction in prevention of peanut allergy (PA). In the Enquiring About Tolerance (EAT) study, a statistically significant reduction in PA was present only in per‐protocol (PP) analyses, which can be subject to bias.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to combine individual‐level data from the LEAP and EAT trials and provide robust evidence on the bias‐corrected, causal effect of early peanut introduction.MethodAs part of the European Union‐funded iFAAM project, this pooled analysis of individual pediatric patient data combines and compares effectiveness and efficacy estimates of oral tolerance induction among different risk strata and analysis methods.ResultsAn intention‐to‐treat (ITT) analysis of pooled data showed a 75% reduction in PA (p < .0001) among children randomized to consume peanut from early infancy. A protective effect was present across all eczema severity groups, irrespective of enrollment sensitization to peanut, and across different ethnicities. Earlier age of introduction was associated with improved effectiveness of the intervention. In the pooled PP analysis, peanut consumption reduced the risk of PA by 98% (p < .0001). A causal inference analysis confirmed the strong PP effect (89% average treatment effect relative risk reduction p < .0001). A multivariable causal inference analysis approach estimated a large (100%) reduction in PA in children without eczema (p = .004).ConclusionWe demonstrate a significant reduction in PA with early peanut introduction in a large group of pooled, randomized participants. This significant reduction was demonstrated across all risk subgroups, including children with no eczema. Furthermore, our results point to increased efficacy of the intervention with earlier age of introduction.
Prepregnancy body mass index and risk of childhood asthma
Authors: Rosenquist Natalie A. , Richards Megan , Ferber Jeannette R. , Li De‐Kun , Ryu So Young , Burkin Heather , Strickland Matthew J. , Darrow Lyndsey A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundGrowing evidence suggests that maternal obesity may affect the intrauterine environment and increase a child's risk of developing asthma. We aim to investigate the relationship between prepregnancy obesity and childhood asthma risk.MethodsCohorts of children enrolled in Kaiser Permanente Northern California integrated healthcare system were followed from birth (2005–2014) to age 4 (n = 104,467), 6 (n = 63,084), or 8 (n = 31,006) using electronic medical records. Child's asthma was defined using ICD codes and asthma‐related prescription medication dispensing. Risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for child's asthma were estimated using Poisson regression with robust error variance for (1) prepregnancy BMI categories (underweight [<18.5], normal [18.5–24.9], overweight [25–29.9], obese 1 [30–34.9], and obese 2/3 [≥35]) and (2) continuous prepregnancy BMI modeled using cubic splines with knots at BMI category boundaries. Models were adjusted for maternal age, education, race, asthma, allergies, smoking, gestational weight gain, child's birth year, parity, infant sex, gestational age, and child's BMI.ResultsRelative to normal BMI, RRs (95%CIs) for asthma at ages 4, 6, and 8 were 0.91 (0.75, 1.11), 0.95 (0.78, 1.16), and 0.97 (0.75, 1.27) for underweight, 1.06 (0.99, 1.14), 1.08 (1.01, 1.16), and 1.03 (0.94, 1.14) for overweight, 1.09 (1.00, 1.19), 1.12 (1.03, 1.23), 1.03 (0.91, 1.17) for obese 1, and 1.10 (0.99, 1.21), 1.13 (1.02, 1.25), 1.14 (0.99, 1.31) for obese 2/3. When continuous prepregnancy BMI was modeled with splines, child's asthma risk generally increased linearly with increasing prepregnancy BMI.ConclusionsHigher prepregnancy BMI is associated with modestly increased childhood asthma risk.
Association of lipid accumulation products with testosterone deficiency in adult American men: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Liu Qiushi , Huang Yuanyuan , Wang Ming , Jiang Hui , Zhang Xiansheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeTestosterone deficiency and changes in testosterone levels are important in men's health and may be associated with fat accumulation. In order to investigate the connection between testosterone and fat accumulation in adult males, we employed lipid accumulation product and compared it to triglyceride–glucose and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance.Materials and methodsAn intersecting surface research of participators from 2013 to 2014 was carried out using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, in addition, participants from 2015 to 2016 were selected. Using multivariate adjusted logistic regression, the connection between lipid accumulation product, testosterone levels, and testosterone insufficiency was investigated, smoothed curve fitting was calculated to integrate non‐linear relationships, and subgroup analysis was performed to identify sensitive populations.ResultsAfter removing all potential confounders, testosterone levels in 1651 subjects tended to decrease with increasing continuous variable lipid accumulation product (β = –0.49, 95% confidence interval [–0.77, –0.22], p = 0.0005) and adding the chance of testosterone deficiency (odds ratio = 1.01, 95% confidence interval [1.01, 1.01], p < 0.0001). In the lipid accumulation product quartile, testosterone levels decreased the most (β = –77.65, 95% confidence interval [–110.99, –44.31], p < 0.0001) and the risk of testosterone deficiency was highest (odds ratio = 2.76, 95% confidence interval [1.47, 5.20], p = 0.0016). The area under the curve values were 0.718 (95% confidence interval: 0.688–0.750) for lipid accumulation product, 0.723 (95% confidence interval: 0.689–0.756) for Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance, and 0.673 (95% confidence interval: 0.640–0.708) for triglyceride–glucose, with no statistical difference between lipid accumulation product and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance comparisons. The cut‐off value of lipid accumulation product ≥52.408 predicted testosterone deficiency with good sensitivity and specificity.ConclusionHigher lipid accumulation product was linked to a higher incidence of testosterone loss and inadequate, especially in hypertensive and non‐smoker. Lipid accumulation product is a better predictor of testosterone deficiency than triglyceride–glucose and does not differ significantly from the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance phase.
Confirm Rx insertable cardiac monitor for primary atrial fibrillation detection in high‐risk heart failure patients (Confirm‐AF trial)
Authors: Aktas Mehmet K. , Zareba Wojciech , Butler Javed , Younis Arwa , McNitt Scott , Brown Mary W. , Rao Nikhila , Rao Nilesh , Steinberg Jonathan , Chen Leway , Alexis Jeffrey D. , Vidula Himabindu , Goldenberg Ilan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients with heart failure (HF) represent a large population of patients who are at high risk for complications related to undiagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF). However, currently there are limited modalities available for early AF detection in this high‐risk population. An implantable cardiac monitor (ICM) is inserted subcutaneously and can provide long‐term arrhythmia information via remote monitoring.Methods and ResultsConfirm‐AF is a prospective randomized, nonblinded, two arm, multicenter clinical trial to be performed in the United States, enrolling 477 patients with a history of HF hospitalization and left ventricular ejection fraction >35% from 30 medical sites. Patients will be randomized in a 2:1 fashion to undergo ICM implant with remote monitoring and symptom‐triggered mobile app transmissions versus (vs.) Non‐ICM management and follow‐up. The primary objective of this trial is to compare the time to first detection of AF lasting > 5 min using an Abbott ICM compared to non‐ICM monitoring in symptomatic HF patients. This article describes the design and analytic plan for the Confirm‐AF trial.ConclusionsThe Confirm‐AF trial seeks to accurately define the burden of AF in high‐risk HF patients with LVEF > 35% using an Abbott ICM. A finding showing significantly higher incidence of AF along with improved clinical outcomes with ICM monitoring is expected to have substantial clinical implications and may change the method of monitoring high‐risk HF patients.
No species loss, but pronounced species turnover in grasslands in the Northern Alps over 25 years
Authors: Schwaiger Helena , Lenzer Bernd , Essl Franz 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe abandonment of marginally productive habitats and the intensification of land use on productive sites have caused transformative changes in vegetation composition in Central Europe. In this study, after 25 years we resurveyed a total of 145 grassland relevés from the mid‐1990s in a grassland‐dominated valley of the Northern Alps of Upper Austria. We studied changes in richness and composition, and related these to underlying drivers. We found that the average species number in plots increased from 46 in the first survey period to 49 in the second one. Median species richness across sites significantly increased from 1995 to 2020 for Festuco‐Brometea (55–61 species) and Galio‐Urticetea (24–32 species), but did not show any significant change for the other classes. Further, we recorded substantial species turnover, with winners consisting mostly of species that prefer nutrient‐rich sites, while losers were predominantly species of nutrient‐poor sites. In particular, using Ellenberg Indicator Values for calculating community indices, we found an indication for ongoing eutrophication in vegetation types of nutrient‐poor vegetation classes (Festuco‐Brometea and Calluno‐Ulicetea), and in wet habitats (Scheuchzerio‐Caricetea fuscae). Community indices of wet habitats also showed clear signs of becoming more mesic. Thermophilization of community indices was evident across several vegetation classes. Further, alien species that were very rare in the mid‐1990s became more abundant in the resurveyed plots, although the level of invasion is still low. Finally, community values for nutrients of plots that are located in a protected area that has been established in 2014 did not increase significantly, while this was the case in plots outside the protected area, indicating that the management of the protected area has positive effects in halting eutrophication. We conclude that despite overall species richness changing only moderately between both surveys, substantial changes in community composition toward more nitrophilic and thermophilic conditions occurred.
Population pharmacokinetic modelling of tremelimumab in patients with advanced solid tumours and the impact of disease status on time‐varying clearance
Authors: Hwang Michael , Chia Yen Lin , Zheng Yanan , Chen Cecil Chi‐Keung , He Jimmy , Song Xuyang , Zhou Diansong , Goldberg Sarah B. , Siu Lillian L. , Planchard David , Peters Solange , Mann Helen , Krug Lee , Even Caroline 
Published: December 2022

AimsTremelimumab, a cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated protein 4 human monoclonal antibody of the immunoglobulin G2 κ isotype, has been studied in oncology clinical trials as both monotherapy and in combination with durvalumab. This study characterized the pharmacokinetics of tremelimumab as monotherapy and in combination with durvalumab and evaluated the impact of patient covariates on pharmacokinetics.MethodsA pooled‐analysis population pharmacokinetics model was built using NONMEM methodology. Pharmacokinetic data from 5 studies spanning different tumour types and therapy regimens were pooled for model development (956 patients). A dataset pooled from 4 additional studies was used for external validation (554 patients). Demographic and relevant clinical covariates were explored during model development.ResultsTremelimumab exhibited linear pharmacokinetics, well described by a 2‐compartment model, with time‐varying clearance (0.276 L/day at baseline) associated primarily with therapy regimen and linked with changes in disease status. As monotherapy and combination therapy, tremelimumab clearance over 1 year increased by ~16% and decreased by ~17%, respectively. Pharmacokinetic behaviour was consistent across patient demographics and cancer subtypes. Patients with higher bodyweight and lower albumin levels at baseline had significantly higher clearance; however, no dosage adjustments are warranted. A flat dose (75 mg) was projected to provide comparable exposure to weight‐based dosing (1 mg/kg) in adults.ConclusionTremelimumab exhibited linear pharmacokinetics but consistently opposite trends of time‐varying clearance as monotherapy and in combination with durvalumab. Baseline bodyweight and albumin were significant covariates, but conversion from weight‐based dosing at 1 mg/kg to flat dosing at 75 mg had no clinically relevant impact.
Does religiosity affect financing activity? Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Wijaya Ibrahim Fatwa , Moro Andrea , Belghitar Yacine 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe examine the role of religiosity on the financing activities in both Islamic and conventional banks in Indonesian provinces by using five different measures of religiosity: number of Islamic schools, hajj application, number of Islamic seminary schools, number of Mosques, and number of certified halal products. Based on regression analysis, the results show that both Islamic and conventional banks provide more financing in religious provinces. Religiosity also helps in reducing the volume of non‐performing financing. Our the results are still qualitatively valid after taking into account endogeneity issue that emanates from omitted variables (i.e., unobservable beliefs, ideas, and attitudes), and possible reverse causality between religiosity and the total amount of financing at the province level.
Whose work? Which markets? Rethinking work and markets in light of virtue ethics
Authors: Pinto‐Garay Javier , Scalzo Germán , Schlag Martin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNeo‐Aristotelian virtue ethics applied to work and business theory have received increasing attention due to Alasdair MacIntyre's philosophy. At the same time, this approach has been accused of being inapplicable, a romantic nostalgia for an ideal world far from the reality of today's markets. Moreover, the more this theory evolves, the bigger the gap seems to become, as if good work were at odds with its economic dimension. This paper aims to address this gap by explaining how MacIntyre's neo‐Aristotelianism conceives of the economic dimension of good work. In particular, we claim that it is consistent with MacIntyre's philosophy that said economic dimension of work can be defined in terms of excellence and virtue, particularly in accordance with the virtues of justice and unity of life. However, for these virtues of good work to be practicable, a reconsideration of market practices performed under the logic of giving and receiving is needed. Hence, defining and sustaining an economic dimension of good work in MacIntyre also depend on the possibility of market practices being defined as excellent.
Design Considerations for Two-Stage Enrichment Clinical Trials
Authors: Frieri Rosamarie , Rosenberger William Fisher , Flournoy Nancy , Lin Zhantao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
When there is a predictive biomarker, enrichment can focus the clinical trial on a benefiting subpopulation. We describe a two-stage enrichment design, in which the first stage is designed to efficiently estimate a threshold and the second stage is a “phase III-like” trial on the enriched population. The goal of this paper is to explore design issues: sample size in Stages 1 and 2, and re-estimation of the Stage 2 sample size following Stage 1. By treating these as separate trials, we can gain insight into how the predictive nature of the biomarker specifically impacts the sample size. We also show that failure to adequately estimate the threshold can have disastrous consequences in the second stage. While any bivariate model could be used, we assume a continuous outcome and continuous biomarker, described by a bivariate normal model. The correlation coefficient between the outcome and biomarker is the key to understanding the behavior of the design, both for predictive and prognostic biomarkers. Through a series of simulations we illustrate the impact of model misspecification, consequences of poor threshold estimation, and requisite sample sizes that depend on the predictive nature of the biomarker. Such insight should be helpful in understanding and designing enrichment trials.
What did unions do for union workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic?
Authors: Han Eunice S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis research examines the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on labour market outcomes of union workers, based on nationally representative data. I employ the difference‐in‐difference estimation to identify the effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the employment, labour earnings and other labour market outcomes of union workers, relative to non‐union workers. I find that, compared to non‐union workers, union workers experienced greater job security, and the pre‐pandemic union wage premium remained largely unchanged during the pandemic. There exists a large heterogeneity in the union effect on employment and real wages by worker characteristic. I also find that union workers, compared to non‐union workers, were less likely to work remotely but more likely to receive pay for hours not worked due to COVID‐19. The results suggest that unions provided workers with employment stability and an economic buffer during the pandemic‐led recession.
Exposure to parental incarceration and subsequent illicit drug use: A review of the literature
Authors: Rowell‐Cunsolo Tawandra L. , Bellerose Meghan , Borbely Carson 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMore than 2.3 million individuals are currently incarcerated in the United States. Nearly half of incarcerated individuals are parents of minor children. Results from research on drug use among children of incarcerated individuals are conflicting. The purpose of this literature review is to identify and summarize the evidence base on the associations between parental incarceration (PI) and subsequent drug use in the United States. We performed a literature search of studies that examined associations between exposure to parental incarceration and subsequent drug use. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and SocIndex to identify studies that reported illicit drug use outcomes among individuals with a parent or primary guardian who had been incarcerated in the United States. Sixteen studies were included in our analysis. There was substantial evidence that parental incarceration contributes to increased drug use and problematic drug‐related behaviours in adolescence and adulthood, with positive associations reported in three‐fourths of the studies (75%). The relationship was significant across a range of drug classes, including marijuana, cocaine, prescription pain medication, injection drugs and other illicit drugs. While more diverse research methodologies and studies that examine the larger family context and dynamics are needed to comprehensively assess the pathways to drug use among PI‐exposed individuals, the current evidence base suggests that drug use prevention programs are needed to mitigate the increased likelihood of drug use. Early education drug use prevention programs and comprehensive assessments that identify potential triggers for drug use should be prioritized for this population.
A systematic review of snake translocations to identify potential tactics for reducing postrelease effects
Authors: Choquette Jonathan D. , Litzgus Jacqueline D. , Gui Joanne X. Y. , Pitcher Trevor E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAdvancements in the field of reintroduction biology are needed, but understanding of how to effectively conduct translocations, particularly with snakes, is lacking. We conducted a systematic review of snake translocation studies to identify potential tactics for reducing postrelease effects. We included studies on intentional, human‐mediated, wild–wild, or captive–wild translocations to any location, regardless of motive or number of snakes translocated. Only studies that presented results for at least 1 of 4 outcomes (movement behavior, site fidelity, survival, or population establishment) were included. We systematically searched 4 databases for published studies and used 5 methods to search the gray literature. Our search and screening criteria yielded 121 data sources, representing 130 translocation cases. We quantified the association between 15 translocation tactics and short‐term translocation outcomes by calculating odds ratios and used forest plots to display results. Snake translocations involved 47 species (from mainly 2 families), and most were motivated by research, were monitored for at least 6 months, occurred in North America, and took place from the 1990s onward. The odds of a positive snake translocation outcome were highest with release of captive reared or juvenile snakes, release of social groups together, delayed release, provision of environmental enrichment or social housing before release, or minimization of distance translocated. The odds of a positive outcome were lowest when snakes were released early in their active season. Our results do not demonstrate causation, but outcomes of snake translocation were associated with 8 tactics (4 of which were strongly correlated). In addition to targeted comparative studies, we recommend practitioners consider the possible influence of these tactics when planning snake translocations.