bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and in vitro SAR evaluation of natural vanillin-based chalcones tethered quinolines as antiplasmodial agents
Authors: Andhare Nitin H. , Anas Mohammad , Rastogi Sumit K. , Manhas Ashan , Thopate Yogesh , Srivas Kumkum , Kumar Niti , Sinha Arun Kumar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In pursuit of antimalarial drug, to overcome the drug resistance and the risk of drug-drug interactions, the chalcone hybrids and their structure-activity relationship for the antimalarial activity studied against chloroquine sensitive as well as multi-drug resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum. Our study has revealed that 7- Chloro quinoline groups on chalcone increase anti-malarial potency, while the positional interchange of these groups decreases the efficacy. Particularly, chloro-substituent provided potent analogues which were easily derived from naturally available vanillin. The most active compounds were relatively non-toxic and structure-activity relationship study suggested that 7-chloroquinoline group when attached with triazole linkage increased the antimalarial potential of the compound against both chloroquine-sensitive and multidrug resistant strain.
Occupational health and safety: a study on worker illness
Authors: Magalhães Lídia Maria Costa Araújo , Costa Ketyllem Tayanne da Silva , Capistrano Gustavo Nepomuceno , Leal Maryanna Damasceno , de Andrade Fábia Barbosa 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to evaluate and describe the indicators of occupational health, with a focus on the medical expertise and periodic medical examination. Methods: This is exploratory-descriptive, cross-sectional, documentary, quantitative, and retrospective research, in the historical series: 2011 to 2015. Results: The number of lost days of work per worker and the frequency of licenses increased despite the decrease in the Absenteeism Duration Index and stabilization of the Frequency of Medical Workers. As for the adhesion of the workers to the Periodic Medical Examinations, it was decreasing, with a higher percentage in the year 2012 (35.3%). During the analyzed period, 5,186 workers performed the Periodic Medical Examination, and the majority (60.6%) presented non-ideal weight, 41.1% were sedentary, 33.2% had dyslipidemia, 29.0% were alcoholic, 3.2% were smokers, 5.9% had diabetics, and 16.4% reported high noise in the workplace, 27.8% inadequate lighting and 35.9% inadequate work furniture. Conclusions: The results highlight the need to maintain and strengthen the Worker Health and Safety Policy with emphasis on surveillance, aiming at the promotion and protection of the health of the workers, based on the elaboration of the epidemiological profile of health and, consequently, the implementation of positive impact strategies.
Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services in the Western Cape Province of South Africa: the Perspectives of Service Providers
Authors: Mokitimi Stella , Jonas Kim , Schneider Marguerite , de Vries Petrus J 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background:Child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) should be strengthened globally, and especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Policy development, planning and service provision should be relevant to the needs of stakeholders at grassroots level, and should therefore include their perspectives. This study set out to explore the perspectives and lived experiences of service providers, including their recommendations to strengthen CAMHS in South Africa.Methods:Using focus group discussions (FGDs) and semi-structured individual interviews (SSIIs), qualitative data were collected from purposefully selected multidisciplinary health service providers across the Western Cape, one of the nine provinces of South Africa. Verbal, written and audio-recorded data were entered into NVivo 11 (QSR), and thematic analysis was performed by two independent raters.Results:Results highlighted a significant lack of CAMH resources, poor intersectoral collaboration, limited access to training, absence of consistency and uniformity in service delivery, weak support for staff, and high rates of negative attitudes of staff. External factors contributing to poor CAMHS identified by service providers included poor socioeconomic circumstances, high rates of HIV/AIDS, substance use and stigma. The eight recommendations to strengthen CAMHS included a need to 1) increase CAMH staffing, 2) provide dedicated CAMHS at secondary care and child-friendly infrastructure at primary care, 3) review current service focus on number of patients seen versus quality of care provided to children, 4) formalise intersectoral collaborations, 5) increase learning opportunities for trainees, 6) employ a lead professional for CAMHS in the province, 7) increase support for staff, and 8) acknowledge staff initiatives.Conclusions:Findings underlined the need for quality improvement, standardisation and scale-up of mental health services for children and adolescents in South Africa. Whilst we used the Western Cape as a ‘case study’, we propose that our findings may also be relevant to other LMICs. We recommend that the perspectives of service users, including children and adolescents, be sought to inform service transformation.Clinical Trial Number: N/A
A retrospective cross sectional study assessing factors associated with retention and non-viral suppression among HIV positive FSWs receiving antiretroviral therapy from primary health care clinics in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Atuhaire Lydia , Shumba Constance S , Mapahla Lovemore , Nyasulu Peter 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Patient retention in care and sustained viral suppression are a cornerstone to improved health and quality of life, among people living with HIV. However, challenges of retention on ART remain among female sex workers (FSWs). We report lost to follow up (LTFU), viral load suppression, and the associated factors among FSWs that access HIV treatment at primary health care facilities in Kampala.
Methods
We retrospectively abstracted and analysed patient management data of HIV positive FSWs who enrolled in care between January 2018 to December 2020. LTFU was defined as failure of a FSW to return for treatment at least 90 days from the date of their last clinic appointment. We defined viral suppression as having a last viral load of ≤ 1000 copies/ml preceding data abstraction. Data were analysed using Stata 15.1 software.
Results
A total of 275 FSWs were included in our study sample. We found LTFU of 26% (n = 73) at 24 months, retention was 85% (n = 234) at six months and it decreased with duration of being in care to 74% (n = 202) at 24 months. Viral load testing coverage was 56% (n = 135) and of these, 89.6% (n = 121) were virally suppressed. Factors associated with LTFU in univariable logistic regression; and viral suppression in multivariable logistic regression models were; having a telephone contact (OR: 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1–0.9 p = 0.031), (OR:14.1, 95%CI: 1.10-182.05 P = 0.042); having enrolled in HIV care aged > 35 years (OR: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.2-1.0 p = 0.048), (OR:0.10, 95%CI: 0.00-0.75, p = 0.029); and having good ART adherence (OR: 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1–0.5 p = 0.001), (OR:14.8, 95%CI: 2.64–83.08 p = 0.002) respectively. Having good ART adherence remained statistically significant (OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.08–0.53 p = 0.001) in multivariable logistic regression for LTFU.
Conclusion
This study found low retention among HIV diagnosed FSWs in care. Viral load suppression was acceptable and comparable to that of the general population, however viral load coverage was low. Strategies that increase retention in care and access to viral load testing such as individual client centred care models will go a long way to improve retention and viral load coverage among FSWs.
Assessment of α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory potential of Paliurus spina-christi Mill. and its terpenic compounds
Authors: Yuca Hafize , Özbek Hilal , Demirezer Lütfiye Ömür , Güvenalp Zühal 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Type II diabetes mellitus is a common disease in the world and characterized by hyperglycemia. Prevention of diabetes by reducing hyperglycemia depends on the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. In this study, antidiabetic profiles of Paliurus spina-christi Mill. phytochemicals and extracts were investigated. The plant is used in folk medicine in Turkey as antidiabetic. α-Amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory effect studies were conducted to prove this effect. The n-hexane extract (IC50 = 445.7 ± 8.5 µg/mL) possessed potent inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase than that of acarbose (IC50 = 4212.6 ± 130.0 µg/mL), unlike their slight/no inhibition on α-amylase. Phytochemical investigation of the n-hexane extract of the fruits of P. spina-christi led to the isolation of triterpenes, betulin (1a), betulinic acid (1b), lupeol (2) and a sterol, β-sitosterol (3). The structures of compounds 1–3 were elucidated by extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR and comparison with literature. Betulin (1a), betulinic acid (1b) and lupeol (2) are reported for the first time from this species. All isolated compounds, especially betulin (1a) and betulinic acid (1b) mixture (IC50 = 248 ± 12 µM) showed higher α-glucosidase inhibitory activity than acarbose (IC50 = 6561 ± 207 µM). As extracts, the compounds were also found to be ineffective against α-amylase.
Outage Probability Analysis for Downlink SWIPT-enabled Cooperative NOMA IoT System
Authors: Liu Chengpeng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
As technology continues to advance, research and applications for Internet of Things (IoT) technologies are growing. The focus of this paper is a downlink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) IoT system where a base station (BS) allows the same frequency to provide efficient services to both near and remote users during signal transmission, but direct linking is not possible for transmission to remote users due to obstacles and other factors. technology for near-side users as a transmission relay. According to the non-linear properties of the energy harvesting (EH) circuits, a more realistic non-linear model for EH is utilized to investigate the system performance. To begin with, we calculate the outage probability for both users. The approximation approach then aids us in obtaining the approximated closed-form expression of outage probability, which we can use to characterize the influence of system parameter design on outage probability. The theoretical analyses' accuracy is confirmed and the system's performance is illustrated by the simulation results.
Enhancements of the Mechanical Properties for Banana/Sisal Fibers by Cold Glow Discharge Oxygen Plasma Treatment
Authors: gupta upendra sharan , Tiwari Sudhir , Sharma Uttam 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Banana fiber is a natural byproduct of the pseudostem processing of the "banana plant" (Musasepientum). Agave sisalana is a rosette-forming succulent plant used for its fibers, despite difficulties like hydrophilicity and performance swings, sisal fibers were cheap in compactness, generally accessible, and environmentally benign. In this investigation, the effects of different plasma powers (80W and 120W) for 30 minutes on mechanical and surface characteristics of unidirectional banana and sisal fibers surface treated with cold glow discharge oxygen plasma were investigated. The banana-sisal fiber reinforced epoxy composite (BSFREC) had nearly 90.44 percent higher interlaminar shear strength, 132.27 percent greater flexural strength, 50.0 percent higher larger elongation break, and 115.155 percent higher tensile strength as evaluated towards an untreated banana-sisal fiber-reinforced epoxy laminate. The morphological characteristics of cold glow discharge oxygen plasma-treated banana and sisal fibers were compared to pretreatment banana and sisal fibers using FT-IR spectroscopy and (XRD), revealing an improvement in fiber surface structure. Physical treatment of fibers boosts their adherence to the matrix. Banana and Sisal fibers may be employed in industrial applications after being surface-treated, making them an efficient and promising material that contributes to the world's goal of supporting natural resources that are sustainable and recyclable.
Determination of the polymer composition of mid-twentieth century purses by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Boyden Mary N. , Kleist Elyse M. , Asztalos Courtney K. , Korter Timothy M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A database was constructed of 134 reference plastic samples and their Raman spectra to aid in the rapid and accurate identification of the polymer composition of mid-twentieth century plastic purses and their component parts from the Plastics Artifacts Collection at Syracuse University Libraries. Work began by making and testing the database, which led to the determination that matching artifact spectra to reference sample spectra worked well for artifact spectra having signal-to-noise ratios down to 30:1. This finding allowed for using reduced laser power as necessary to protect delicate and pigmented artifacts. These studies enabled the definitive chemical identification of seven selected artifacts, showing that each is composed of polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, and/or cellulose acetate. The compositions of three artifacts of unknown composition were discovered, corrections to the existing records were made for three other artifacts, and the composition of one artifact was confirmed. Furthermore, it was discovered that one of the purses was composed of both polymethyl methacrylate and cellulose acetate. This decisive study will contribute to the archival processing and preservation of these artifacts.
Bio-acceptability of wearable sensors: A mechanistic study towards evaluating ionic leaching induced cellular inflammation
Authors: Bhushan Pulak , Kamat Vivek , Abrol Ishita , Kaushik Ajeet , Bhansali Shekhar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The recent need for remote health wellness monitoring has led to the extensive use of wearable sensors. Owing to their increased use, these sensors are required to exhibit both functionality and safety to the user. A major component in the fabrication of these sensors and their associated circuitry is the use of metallic/organic conductive inks. However, very less is known about the interfacial and molecular interactions of these inks with biological matter as they can result in an inflammatory reaction to the user. Significant efforts are thus needed to explore and improve the bio-acceptability of such conductive ink-based wearable sensors. The present study investigates the biocompatibility of encapsulated and non-encapsulated wearable electrochemical sensors used for sensing uric acid as a biomarker for wound healing fabricated using screen-printing technique. Ionic release of metallic ions was investigated first to understand the susceptibility of the conductive inks towards ionic leaching when in contact with a fluid. Time-lapse investigation using ICPS (inductive couple plasma spectroscopy) shows a high concentration (607.31 ppb) of leached silver (Ag+) ions from the non-encapsulated sensors. The cell viability data suggests a 2.5-fold improvement in the sensor biocompatibility for an encapsulated sensor. While the carbon ink shows negligible effect on cell viability, the silver ink elicits significant decrease (< 50%) in cell viability at concentrations higher than 2 mg ml− 1. The toxicity pathway of these sensors was further determined to be through the generation of reactive oxygen species resulting in over 20% apoptotic cell death. Our results show that the lower biocompatibility of the non-encapsulated sensor attributes to the higher leaching of Ag+ ions from the printed inks which elicits several different inflammatory pathways. This work highlights the importance biocompatibility evaluation of the material used in sensor fabrication to develop safe and sustainable sensors for long-term applications.
A Study on the positioning accuracy based on different VOI selection of ExacTrac x-ray System
Authors: zhao li-rong , Qian Jin-Dong , zhou yibing , Sun Jian-Guo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to compare the different volume of interest (VOI) selection among the VOI of Head & Neck (HN), VOI of Head only (H), and VOI of Neck (N) only when used for cranial phantom with the imaging guidance system ExacTrac. Exactrac cranial anthropomorphic phantoms was positioned with known set-up deviations from the reference position in the linear accelerator. Verification accuracy was evaluated based on the residual root-mean-square (RMS) positioning error after image registration based on different volume of interest (VOI) selection. The RMS in the translational dimensions was < 0.6 mm for online matching and < 1.1 mm for VOI of Head & Neck (HN) and VOI of Head only (H) offline matching. For VOI of Neck only(N), the RMS in the translational dimensions with was < 0.8 mm. Furthermore, the RMS in the rotational dimensions was < 0.2° for VOI of Head & Neck (HN) and < 0.3° for VOI of Head only (H) offline matching. For VOI of Neck only (N), the RMS in the rotational dimensions was < 0.4°. The minimum setup errors were observed when VOI Head & Neck (HN) was selected. For 75 neck patients, the RMS were statistical significant (p < 0.05) in the longitudinal and vertical translational directions. For 75 head&neck cancer patients, the RMS of differences in vertical translational direction and pitch and yaw rotational directions with different selection of VOIs (PTV only and H&N) were statistical significant (p < 0.05). It was concluded that image registration method using larger VOI is helpful to improve the registration accuracy.
Routine Application of Lung Ultrasonography in Respiratory Care: Knowledge, Perceptions, and Barriers to Instigate.
Authors: SREEDHA JITHIN KALATHIKUDIYIL , KARTHIKA MANJUSH , Alqahtani Jaber S , Alrabeeah Saad , Alnasser Musallam , Alqahtani Abdullah , Ahmari Mohammed Al , Enezi Meshal Al , Ghazwani Abdullah A , Mathew Chris Sara , Aldhahir Abdulelah M , Nair Suresh G , Jebakumar Arulanantham Zechariah 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background:Lung Ultrasound (LUS) has been found to be beneficial in detecting respiratory disorders at the bedside. Understanding the important role of Respiratory Therapists (RTs) in the critical care, we aimed to assess their knowledge, perceived relevance of LUS to clinical practice, current skill gaps, and barriers to practice.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional, nationwide survey comprising 28 questions were conducted among the RTs working in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The validated questionnaire included 4 sections; the demographics, knowledge and perceptions, applicability and self-reported proficiency, and barriers to the use of LUS by RTs. Results: A total of 256 RTs across different regions of Saudi Arabia participated in this survey. The majority were males (71.9%) with a mean age of 30.7 (SD ± 7.7) years, and 46.1% of the total respondents were having <5 years of working experience. Only (18.1%) of the participants used ultrasound devices in their clinical practice, and (43%) of them had never received any training. 66% of the participants perceived LUS as an effective tool in the RT practice and immensely valuable in their daily practice (70%). A large proportion of RTs found LUS to be ineffective in calculating the lung score (50.4%), assessing the diaphragm (40.2%), and detecting pulmonary edema (38.3%). Calculating lung score has a lower mean score (mean score 2.55) on both skills and identifying its applicability to clinical practice (mean score 2.71) than other indications with almost mean scores of 3 and 4. Lack of training and curriculum (154/256; 60.2%) remains the top barrier that prevented RTs from using LUS in their clinical practice. Conclusions:While many RTs in Saudi Arabia perceived LUS as an effective tool in the RT practice, considerable competence gaps exist, indicating the need for LUS training. There is a need for incorporating LUS into the curriculum of RT schools and promoting competency-based training for the current RT workforce to help improve patient care.
Microwave Synthesis of Molybdenum Disulfide Nanoparticles using Response Surface Methodology for Tribological Application
Authors: Nagarajan Thachnatharen , Khalid Mohammad , Srid Nanthini , Jagadish Priyanka , Walvekar Rashmi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We used Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on the Central Composite Design (CCD) model to optimise the synthesis time and temperature of the MoS2 nanoparticles using the flexiWAVE microwave. Furthermore, the synthesised MoS2 nanoparticles were used in SAE 20W50 diesel engine oil to study the tribological properties according to ASTM standard using a four-ball tribotester. The optimisation result shows synthesis temperature and time for the MoS2 nanoparticles in the microwave were 200°C and 15 minutes, respectively, with a COF and average wear scar reaction of 0.0849 and 0.0852. The difference between the experimental and predicted values was minimal (1.88% (COF) and 3.40% (WSD)), which is similar to the DOE model.
Autophagy and Unfolded Protein Response Induction: Crosstalk between Street Rabies Virus and Host
Authors: Poorghobadi Shima , Baesi kazem , Gharibzadeh Safoora , Shirzad Reza , Khosravy Mohammad Sadegh , Sheikholeslami Farzaneh 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional organelle that responds to cellular stress. ER response mechanism is mediated by unfolded protein response (UPR) or ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway. Depending on the host cell type and virus, viral infections could cause stress to the ER, activate or inhibit autophagy. Autophagy is a conserved dissociation process during growth, differentiation, survival, etc. We decided to infect the mouse brain’s tissues with street rabies virus (SRABV) and study some transcription factors involved in ER stress and autophagy. Total RNA was extracted from the tissue, and cDNA was synthesized. Using specific primers, the real-time PCR was performed. The expression of Hprt, CCAATenhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase1 (Ask-1), Transcription factor 6(ATF-6) and Caspase 3(Casp3) genes were examined. SRABV has increased the significant changes in mRNA expression of ATF-6, CHOP, and Ask-1 in the control group (group V) in the brain of infected mice (p < 0.05). Induction or inhibition of drug-induced autophagy (Rapamycin and 3-methyl adenine) in infected cells (group R &T) is caused ER stress and made tremendous changes in all ATF-6, CHOP, Ask-1 and Casp3. Treatment with pIRES-EGFP-beclin1vector and rapamycin in infected cells (group D) is caused by changes in all parameters except Casp3. An increase in Casp3 is observed only when the vector and virus are injected together into the cells (group B). Autophagy and protection against cell death result from SRABV infection by activating the ER stress pathways, followed by a marked increase in ATF-6, CHOP, Ask-1, and Casp3 levels.