bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
At‐home end‐tidal carbon dioxide measurement in children with invasive home mechanical ventilation
Authors: Foster Carolyn C. , Kwon Soyang , Shah Avani V. , Hodgson Caroline A. , Hird‐McCorry Lindsey P. , Janus Angela , Jedraszko Aneta M. , Swanson Philip , Davis Matthew M. , Goodman Denise M. , Laguna Theresa A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundCarbon dioxide concentration trending is used in chronic management of children with invasive home mechanical ventilation (HMV) in clinical settings, but options for end‐tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) monitoring at home are limited. We hypothesized that a palm‐sized, portable endotracheal capnograph (PEC) that measures EtCO2 could be adapted for in‐home use in children with HMV.MethodsWe evaluated the internal consistency of the PEC by calculating an intraclass correlation coefficient of three back‐to‐back breaths by children (0–17 years) at baseline health in the clinic. Pearson's correlation was calculated for PEC EtCO2 values with concurrent mean values of in‐clinic EtCO2 and transcutaneous CO2 (TCM) capnometers. The Bland–Altman test determined their level of agreement. Qualitative interviews and surveys assessed usability and acceptability by family‐caregivers at home.ResultsCO2 values were collected in awake children in varied activity levels and positions (N = 30). The intraclass correlation coefficient for the PEC was 0.95 (p < 0.05). The correlation between the PEC and in‐clinic EtCO2 device was 0.85 with a mean difference of −3.8 mmHg and precision of ±1.1 mmHg. The correlation between the PEC and the clinic TCM device was 0.92 with a mean difference of 0.2 mmHg and precision of ±1.0. Family‐caregivers (N = 10) trialed the PEC at home; all were able to obtain measurements at home while children were awake and sometimes asleep.ConclusionsA portable, noninvasive device for measuring EtCO2 was feasible and acceptable, with values that trend similarly to currently in‐practice, outpatient models. These devices may facilitate monitoring of EtCO2 at home in children with invasive HMV.
Isolation of phosphate solubilizing fungus from rice fields of Odisha for agro‐ecological sustainable agriculture
Authors: Krishna Samal D P , Sukla Lala Behari 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPhosphorus (P), the second most essential nutrient, plays a remarkable role in energy transfer, storage, plant growth, and development. It is the least mobile and accessible to plants in most soil conditions as compared to the other key nutrients. Phosphate‐solubilizing fungus (PSF) plays a vital role in supplying phosphorous to plants from the soil. Hence this research intends to assess the phosphorous and nutritional status of collected soil samples as well as isolation of potential fungal strains. Twelve soil samples were taken from three costal districts of Odisha (Bhadrak, Jajpur, and Balasore). All six key soil parameters like pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium were examined for correlation and found to be significantly associated with each other. Fungal colonies were enumerated, grown and pure colonies were found. A total of four potential fungal strains were isolated, screened from rhizospheric soil and evaluated for their phosphate solubilization efficiency on Pikovskaya's agar selective media. They produce the halo zones around their colony approximately 3.3 cm (PRF2), 2.96(PRF3), and 3.06(PRF4) cm within 10 days of incubation. Aspergillus niger was a highly efficient strain in solubilizing phosphate with the solubilization index (SI) of 3.56 cm and also showed the greatest drop in pH in the PVK broth containing rock phosphate.
Influence of institutional attributes on fulfillment of transfer and breeding recommendations in zoos and aquariums
Authors: Gray Steven M. , Faust Lisa J. , Senner Paul , Eebes Kristine S. , Che‐Castaldo Judy P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCompliance with Breeding and Transfer Plan (BTP) recommendations is important to promote long‐term viability and meet the management goals of the Association of Zoos and Aquarium Species Survival Plans (SSPs®). However, individual institutions may fulfill recommendations at different rates, potentially compromising management efforts. We examined institution‐level fulfillment rates of BTP recommendations (i.e, “Hold,” “Send To,” “Breed With,” and “Do Not Breed”), and how rates differ based on institutional attributes related to resource levels, geographic location and climate, involvement in population management, and the SSPs in which institutions participated using conditional random forests and generalized linear mixed models. We analyzed 52,182 recommendations from 375 SSPs issued to 170 institutions in BTPs published from 2012 to 2019. Contrary to predictions, our results did not reveal large differences in fulfillment rates based on resources, geographic location, or climate variables at the institution level. We found modest patterns indicating that recommendation fulfillment for Hold and Do Not Breed recommendations in mammals was lower with longer interplanning periods, while fulfillment of Hold recommendations in birds increased with the average experience of individuals in SSP leadership roles. For herptiles, fulfillment of Send To recommendations was moderately higher in institutions with species spread across more herptile taxonomic advisory groups (the management unit for related species). Although our results suggest that overarching institutional factors do not have a strong influence on fulfillment rates at the scale of our study, more focused research within a specific temporal window, taxa, or suite of SSPs may reveal more informative patterns for population management.
Do Financial Conditions Play a Role in University Dropout? New Evidence from Administrative Data
Authors: Contini Dalit , Zotti Roberto 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA large strand of research in the economics and sociology of education has highlighted the existence of deeply rooted inequalities in educational choices along socioeconomic lines, even when net of prior performance. These disparities may take different forms at different stages of schooling and across institutional systems. Yet, due to the lack of data, it is often difficult to disentangle the role played by the various dimensions of socioeconomic background on students’ educational careers. While parental education and occupation may shape aspirations (and thus the wish to undertake ambitious educational programmes), lack of income could represent a material obstacle to the continuation of study. In this chapter, we focus on the effect of financial conditions on the probability of dropping out from university. Italy is an interesting study case, because the education system is mainly public and university tuition fees are relatively low and income progressive. Because direct costs for disadvantaged students are low, we would expect income not to be highly relevant in this context. By exploiting a unique data set from the University of Torino (in northern Italy) linking administrative data from students’ university careers and information on parental characteristics collected at matriculation, we analyse how socioeconomic background influences the first-year dropout probability. While extremely relevant in earlier educational outcomes, parental education and occupation no longer exert a sizable effect at this point in students’ lives. Instead, we find that economic conditions greatly influence the chances of completing university. This result suggests that low tuition fees may be insufficient to foster the participation of low-income high school graduates and that additional forms of support might be needed to ensure equity and, at the same time, raise the share of young people with higher education degrees, which is still too low in Italy.
Social Network Tools for the Evaluation of Individual and Group Scientific Performance
Authors: Stefano Domenico De , Kronegger Luka , Sciabolazza Valerio Leone , Vitale Maria Prosperina , Zaccarin Susanna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOver the past few decades, scientific collaboration has been widely considered an important driver of research innovation. By collaborating together, scientists can benefit from both methodological and technological complementarities and synergy, improving the quality and quantity of their research outputs. As evidence of this, collaboration among scientists is increasing in all disciplines and government policies in international exchange programs are aimed at promoting collaboration among researchers. Collaboration among scientists can be represented as a network, usually adopting co-authorship as linkages. In this view, Social Network Analysis provides a useful theoretical and methodological approach because collaboration features can be related to the topological characteristics of the network. Recently, several empirical studies have found positive associations between researchers’ position in the co-authorship network and their productivity, although the results can be different depending on the discipline, scientific performance measure, and data source retrieved to construct the co-authorship networks. In this contribution, we propose the use of SNA tools for scientific evaluation purposes. Network indices at the individual and subgroup levels will be introduced to analyze the relation with both the individual research productivity and scientific output quality measure provided by the Italian academic researchers involved in VQR from the period 2011–2014.
Fokussierung III
Authors: Groschupp Steffen 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Autor legt die bis hierher lediglich in Zitate gefasste Motivation, den Text am Prozess der Theorie U von Otto Scharmer (Scharmer, C. O. (2020). Theorie U - Von der Zukunft her führen: Presencing als soziale Technik (5. Edition). Carl-Auer Verlag.) zu orientieren offen. Den Leser:innen den Blick in das Neue aus der offenbarten Bewegung des U heraus nahezulegen und gleichzeitig die Bereitschaft für den Gang über jeweils eigene innere Schwellen zu schaffen ist Voraussetzung für den Einstieg in die nachfolgende praktische Forschung.Der Inhalt dieses Kapitels ist mit Hinweis auf die Fußnoten und das Literaturverzeichnis vollständig von der Zitier- und Abbildungsbefugnis des § 51 Urheberrechtsgesetz, Satz 1 - 3 umfasst.
Exkurs
Authors: Groschupp Steffen 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Autor bietet den Leser:innen in diesem Kapitel einen Exkurs zur Aussagenlogik und der Aussagenlogik als ein Modell Boolescher Algebra an. Die Leser:innen sind ausdrücklich eingeladen diesen Exkurs zu studieren. Er könnte das Verständnis der Dichotomie Nachhaltigkeit / Nichtnachhaltigkeit erleichtern und macht nachvollziehbar warum die zweiwertige Logik als unser etabliertes Denksystem dringend hinterfragt werden sollte. Aussagenlogik in einem Modell Boolescher Algebra kann die Dimensionalität dieser Aussage als auch das in diesem Modell ‚spiegelbare‘ unterstützen.Der Inhalt dieses Kapitels ist mit Hinweis auf die Fußnoten und das Literaturverzeichnis vollständig von der Zitier- und Abbildungsbefugnis des § 51 Urheberrechtsgesetz, Satz 1 - 3 umfasst.
Fokussierung II
Authors: Groschupp Steffen 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungEine kurze Gegenüberstellung des momentanen Soll und Haben in Bezug auf die Fähigkeiten der KI und eine Aufforderung zur Suche nach Konzepten, welche der KI Wahrnehmungs- und Interpretationsmöglichkeiten verschafft stehen hier im Fokus.Der Inhalt dieses Kapitels ist mit Hinweis auf die Fußnoten und das Literaturverzeichnis vollständig von der Zitier- und Abbildungsbefugnis des § 51 Urheberrechtsgesetz, Satz 1 - 3 umfasst.
Zu einer neuen Form der Wissenschaft
Authors: Groschupp Steffen 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDen Beobachter als ein Drittes und nicht mit Zweiwertigkeit zu beschreibenden einzuführen ist nicht nur ein Versuch Wissenschaft neu zu fassen, sondern die Aufforderung zum Aufbruch in eine Wissenschaft die Kategorien wie ‚wahr‘ und ‚falsch‘ einer neuen Erkundung unterwerfen wird. Wissenschaft könnte sich dabei selbst in einer neuen Form etablieren.Der Inhalt dieses Kapitels ist mit Hinweis auf die Fußnoten und das Literaturverzeichnis vollständig von der Zitier- und Abbildungsbefugnis des § 51 Urheberrechtsgesetz, Satz 1 - 3 umfasst.
A Cohort Study of the Surgical Risks and Prediction of Complications in Surgical Tracheostomies
Authors: Ben‐Ishay Yotam , Eliashar Ron , Weinberger Jeffrey M. , Shavit Sagit Stern , Hirshoren Nir 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundCurrent protocols favor percutaneous tracheostomies over open procedures. We analyzed the effects of this conversion from the open approach to the percutaneous procedure in terms of relevant clinical status, complications, and mortality in surgical open tracheostomies. Relevant laboratory and clinical parameters, potentially associated with complications, were also examined.Main outcome measuresComparison of clinical, laboratory data and outcome of surgical tracheostomy during the two eras. Investigate potential pertinent predictive parameters associated with complications.MethodsA single center retrospective case series of consecutive patients who underwent surgical tracheostomy between the years 2006–2009 (“early era”) and 2016–2020 (“late era”).ResultsThe study included 304 patients, 160 in the “early” and 144 in the “late” era. Despite a 78% increase in patient volume in the intensive care units, there was a 55% decrease in surgical tracheostomy during the “late era”. Significantly more patients with structural deformities (p < 0.001), insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (p = 0.004), extreme (high and low) body weight (p = 0.006), anemia (p < 0.001) and coagulation disorders (p < 0.001), were referred for an open tracheostomy during the “late era”. The complication rate was significantly higher during the “late era” (11.7 vs. 2.5%, OR 6.09 CI 95% [1.91–19.39], p = 0.001). Diabetes mellitus (p = 0.005), anemia (p = 0.033), malnutrition (p = 0.017), thrombocytopenia (p = 0.002) and poor renal function, (p = 0.008), were all significantly associated with higher complication rates.ConclusionsRisk assessment and training programs must reflect the decrease in surgical volume of open tracheostomies and consequently reduced experience. The increase of a patient subset characterized by pertinent comorbidities should reflect this change.
Time to match; when do homologous chromosomes become closer?
Authors: Solé M. , Blanco J. , Gil D. , Valero O. , Cárdenas B. , Fonseka G. , Anton E. , Pascual Á. , Frodsham R. , Vidal F. , Sarrate Z. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In most eukaryotes, pairing of homologous chromosomes is an essential feature of meiosis that ensures homologous recombination and segregation. However, when the pairing process begins, it is still under investigation. Contrasting data exists in Mus musculus, since both leptotene DSB-dependent and preleptotene DSB-independent mechanisms have been described. To unravel this contention, we examined homologous pairing in pre-meiotic and meiotic Mus musculus cells using a three-dimensional fluorescence in situ hybridization-based protocol, which enables the analysis of the entire karyotype using DNA painting probes. Our data establishes in an unambiguously manner that 73.83% of homologous chromosomes are already paired at premeiotic stages (spermatogonia-early preleptotene spermatocytes). The percentage of paired homologous chromosomes increases to 84.60% at mid-preleptotene-zygotene stage, reaching 100% at pachytene stage. Importantly, our results demonstrate a high percentage of homologous pairing observed before the onset of meiosis; this pairing does not occur randomly, as the percentage was higher than that observed in somatic cells (19.47%) and between nonhomologous chromosomes (41.1%). Finally, we have also observed that premeiotic homologous pairing is asynchronous and independent of the chromosome size, GC content, or presence of NOR regions.
Comparison of findings identified at traditional invasive autopsy and postmortem computed tomography in suicidal hangings
Authors: Lyness James R. , Collins Anthony J. , Rutty Jane E. , Rutty Guy N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cases of suicidal hanging are a common death referred for medico-legal autopsy throughout the world. Although some advocate using postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) without traditional invasive autopsy (TIA) to investigate such deaths, others reject this approach. There is currently limited evidence to guide practice. In this context, the TIA reports and PMCT images of 50 cases of suspected suicidal hanging during an 11-month period were reviewed. The reviewers were blinded to the findings of the other modality. A Cohen’s Kappa coefficient (K) was calculated to assess agreement between TIA and PMCT across a range of pertinent findings. This analysis demonstrated perfect agreement for identification of a ligature (K = 1.00) and a strong level of agreement for identification of a ligature suspension point (K = 0.832) but only a minimal level of agreement for overall ligature mark (K = 0.223). PMCT demonstrated a weak level of agreement for fractures of hyoid bone (K = 0.555) and thyroid cartilage (K = 0.538). Three probable fractures not identified at TIA were identified on PMCT. TIA was shown to be superior in the identification of intramuscular and laryngeal fracture–related haemorrhage/bruising whereas PMCT was superior to TIA in identifying body gas deposition. There was overall good correlation between the natural disease and trauma identified elsewhere in the body during the TIA and PMCT. The study demonstrates that PMCT can assist the investigation of suspected suicidal hangings. However, the accuracy of many findings is limited, and if it is used as an alternative to the TIA, potentially pertinent findings, such as fractures of the laryngeal cartilages, could be missed.
Deep learning analysis of clinical course of primary nephrotic syndrome: Japan Nephrotic Syndrome Cohort Study (JNSCS)
Authors: Kimura Tomonori , Yamamoto Ryohei , Yoshino Mitsuaki , Sakate Ryuichi , Imai Enyu , Maruyama Shoichi , Yokoyama Hitoshi , Sugiyama Hitoshi , Nitta Kosaku , Tsukamoto Tatsuo , Uchida Shunya , Takeda Asami , Sato Toshinobu , Wada Takashi , Hayashi Hiroki , Akai Yasuhiro , Fukunaga Megumu , Tsuruya Kazuhiko , Masutani Kosuke , Konta Tsuneo , Shoji Tatsuya , Hiramatsu Takeyuki , Goto Shunsuke , Tamai Hirofumi , Nishio Saori , Nagai Kojiro , Yamagata Kunihiro , Yasuda Hideo , Ichida Shizunori , Naruse Tomohiko , Nishino Tomoya , Sobajima Hiroshi , Akahori Toshiyuki , Ito Takafumi , Terada Yoshio , Katafuchi Ritsuko , Fujimoto Shouichi , Okada Hirokazu , Mimura Tetsushi , Suzuki Satoshi , Saka Yosuke , Sofue Tadashi , Kitagawa Kiyoki , Fujita Yoshiro , Mizutani Makoto , Kashihara Naoki , Sato Hiroshi , Narita Ichiei , Isaka Yoshitaka 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Prognosis of nephrotic syndrome has been evaluated based on pathological diagnosis, whereas its clinical course is monitored using objective items and the treatment strategy is largely the same. We examined whether the entire natural history of nephrotic syndrome could be evaluated using objective common clinical items.

Methods
Machine learning clustering was performed on 205 cases from the Japan Nephrotic Syndrome Cohort Study, whose clinical parameters, serum creatinine, serum albumin, dipstick hematuria, and proteinuria were traceable after kidney biopsy at 5 measured points up to 2 years. The clinical patterns of time-series data were learned using long short-term memory (LSTM)-encoder–decoder architecture, an unsupervised machine learning classifier. Clinical clusters were defined as Gaussian mixture distributions in a two-dimensional scatter plot based on the highest log-likelihood.

Results
Time-series data of nephrotic syndrome were classified into four clusters. Patients in the fourth cluster showed the increase in serum creatinine in the later part of the follow-up period. Patients in both the third and fourth clusters were initially high in both hematuria and proteinuria, whereas a lack of decline in the urinary protein level preceded the worsening of kidney function in fourth cluster. The original diseases of fourth cluster included all the disease studied in this cohort.

Conclusions
Four kinds of clinical courses were identified in nephrotic syndrome. This classified clinical course may help objectively grasp the actual condition or treatment resistance of individual patients with nephrotic syndrome.
Social Support Networks of Individuals with Depressive Disorders: A Cross-sectional Survey in Former Psychiatric Inpatients in Germany
Authors: Löwenstein Heiko , Frank Fabian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDepressive disorders are related to social withdrawal and a loss of social contacts. Moreover, a lack of social integration and social support are risk factors for relapse and rehospitalization. Despite the crucial role of social networks for mental health and social support, knowledge about the structure of social networks or how they promote social support in terms of coping with depressive disorders is scarce. The present study aims to analyze social support in people with depressive disorders using ego-centered social network analysis for formal description. Ninety-seven former psychiatric inpatients participated in the study. Network size and density, a small number of conflicts in the relationships of ego to alters, and the multiplexity of social support dimensions were associated with perceived social support—measured via Social Support Questionnaire (F-Soz-U-K-14). Considering relational ratios which correlated with perceived social support, five types of social support networks were differentiated by means of cluster analysis: (1) no social support, (2) professionally supported birth family, (3) the more the merrier, (4) concentrated support, (5) overchallenged nuclear family. More than each relational characteristic on its own, their co-occurring patterns as network types provide the very structures of social support. This underpins the crucial role of structural approaches and networking skills in social work practice. German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS): DRKS00011561. Trial registration date: 10. March 2017.
Five novel RB1 gene mutations and genotype–phenotype correlations in Chinese children with retinoblastoma
Authors: Li Luting , Li Haibo , Zhang Jing , Gan Hairun , Liu Ruihong , Hu Xinyan , Pang Pengfei , Li Bing 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To identify the spectrum of RB1 gene mutations in 114 Chinese patients with retinoblastoma.

Methods
Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of 114 Rb patients. Polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) followed by direct Sanger sequencing were used to screen for mutations in the RB1 gene, which contains 26 exons with flanking intronic sequences, except exon 15. Clinical data, including gender, age at diagnosis, laterality of ocular lesions, and associated symptoms, were recorded and compared.

Results
We identified five novel mutations in the RB1 gene. Twenty-five other mutations found in this study have been previously reported. A higher rate of RB1 mutations, with 47.3% of mutations among bilaterally affected patients vs. 6.8% within unilaterally affected patients, was also observed (p < 0.0001). Bilaterally affected patients were diagnosed earlier when compared to unilaterally affected patients (11 ± 7 months versus 20 ± 14 months, p = 0.0002). Furthermore, nonsense mutations were abundant (n = 14), followed by frameshift mutations (n = 8), splicing site mutations (n = 5), while missense mutations were few (n = 3).

Conclusions
We found five novel mutations in RB1 genes, which expands the mutational spectrum of the gene. Children with bilateral Rb exhibited higher mutation rates and were diagnosed earlier than those with unilateral Rb. These findings will inform clinical diagnosis and genetic therapeutic targeting in Rb patients.