bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of autonomous home hazard reduction on fear of falling in community‐dwelling older women
Authors: Schroeder Ove , Schroeder Julia , Fitschen‐Oestern Stefanie , Besch Lutz , Seekamp Andreas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundMany falls in older people occur at home, and home hazards (HOHA) are often involved. Fear of falling (FOF) is a frequent and serious consequence of falls. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of an autonomous reduction of HOHA on FOF.MethodsIn this single‐blinded, prospective cohort study design, the inclusion criteria were female sex, age ≥60 years, no known dementia, community‐dwelling, and written informed consent. Using a 54‐item room‐by‐room checklist, the participants identified and autonomously reduced as many HOHA as possible, within 14 days. The FOF was measured using a dichotomous scale (D‐FOF) and the Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES‐I). Logistic regression models were used to identify the predictors of a substantial reduction of HOHA (≥50%) and FOF (≥25%).ResultsA total of 782 women fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and 431 (60.5%) returned the complete checklist on time. The mean age was 72.5 [SD 7.1] years. 43.8% of participants reduced ≥50% of the HOHA. The D‐FOF (odds ratio 22.4 [95% confidence interval 11.0–45.3]), age ≥ 75 years (14.1 [7.5–26.4]), polypharmacy (3.0 [1.4–6.5]), and assumed improvability of housing conditions (2.4 [1.3–4.3]) were identified as predictors for substantially reducing HOHA with an area under the curve of 0.91. The initial FES‐I score decreased from 24.5 to 19.5. Prior to the intervention, 53.1% showed a high FOF (>22 FES‐I scores). Of these, 70.7% participants reduced their high FOF to low FOF. 29.2% of all participants reduced FOF ≥25% postinterventionally, associated with a substantial reduction in HOHA (3.5 [2.2–5.7]) as the strongest independent factor in the multiple logistic regression analysis.ConclusionThe use of a self‐administered checklist led to a substantial reduction of HOHA and subsequently to a clinically relevant reduction of FOF in older community‐dwelling women. Autonomous competence of older people should be considered when developing fall prevention strategies.
Glucose as a carbon source to synthesize palmitate de novo in the adult rodent brain: Adding to the carbon recycling story in the brain
Authors: Murphy Eric J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhile brain glucose metabolism is known to contribute the carbons to support brain saturated and monounsaturated fatty biosynthesis de novo in the developing brains of young rodents, such a contribution to fatty acid biosynthesis in the adult brain is poorly understood. Recent work from the Bazinet laboratory illuminates the role of brain glucose metabolism in providing a carbon source from which palmitic acid is synthesized. In “The Majority of Brain Palmitic Acid is Maintained by Lipogenesis from Dietary Sugars and is Augmented in Offspring fed low Palmitic Acid Levels from Birth”, the Bazinet lab demonstrates the importance of glucose as a key contributing source of carbon for brain palmitic synthesis and that a low palmitate diet exacerbates its utilization for brain palmitate synthesis de novo. Further, this impact is found in male mice rather than female mice, which adds an additional layer of importance. Mammals are known to conserve carbon and the brain has the ability to convert a variety of carbon sources to needed molecules, depending on the physiological needs of the brain. Overall, this paper contributes an important missing piece of the puzzle regarding carbon recycling in the brain and is a key piece of evidence that indeed the adult mammalian brain can convert glucose to carbons for use in saturated fatty acid synthesis.
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True‐color 3D rendering of human anatomy using surface‐guided color sampling from cadaver cryosection image data: A practical approach
Authors: Azkue Jon Jatsu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThree‐dimensional computer graphics are increasingly used for scientific visualization and for communicating anatomical knowledge and data. This study presents a practical method to produce true‐color 3D surface renditions of anatomical structures. The procedure involves extracting the surface geometry of the structure of interest from a stack of cadaver cryosection images, using the extracted surface as a probe to retrieve color information from cryosection data, and mapping sampled colors back onto the surface model to produce a true‐color rendition. Organs and body parts can be rendered separately or in combination to create custom anatomical scenes. By editing the surface probe, structures of interest can be rendered as if they had been previously dissected or prepared for anatomical demonstration. The procedure is highly flexible and nondestructive, offering new opportunities to present and communicate anatomical information and knowledge in a visually realistic manner. The technical procedure is described, including freely available open‐source software tools involved in the production process, and examples of color surface renderings of anatomical structures are provided.
Effects of COVID‐19 pandemic restrictions on an Australian neonatal and paediatric retrieval service
Authors: Keir Amy , Dutschke Jeffrey , Hennebry Bron , Kerin Kate , Craven John 
Published: February 2022

AimThe COVID‐19 pandemic and associated travel and social distancing restrictions have reduced paediatric intensive care unit admissions for respiratory illnesses. The effects on retrieval (transport) services remain unquantified. Our study examined the utility of statistical process control in assessing the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the number of neonatal and paediatric transfers in an Australian retrieval service.MethodsData collected prospectively from the SA Ambulance Service MedSTAR Emergency Retrieval database in South Australia were analysed from January 2015 to June 2021. Statistical process control methodology, a combination of a time series analysis and assessment for common and special cause variation, was used to assess the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on retrieval workload (primary outcome of interest).ResultsA total of 5659 neonatal and paediatric transfers occurred during the study period and were included. A significant decrease in paediatric transfers occurred after the initial lockdown measures in March 2020 were announced in South Australia (special cause variation). However, a similar reduction was not observed for neonatal transfers (common cause variation).ConclusionOur study demonstrates that statistical process control may be effectively used to understand the effects of external events and processes on usual activity patterns in the retrieval setting. We found a reduction in retrieval numbers for paediatric transfers but no effect on neonatal transfer numbers. The decline in paediatric transfers was primarily attributed to reduced respiratory cases.
A Myriad of Exceptions? Challenging the Sonata‐Form Typology for the Classical Repertoire
Authors: NEUWIRTH MARKUS 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTPresent‐day sonata theory scholarship increasingly draws on a typology of sonata forms that consists of five interrelated types, placing particular emphasis on the double return and thematic rotation. The present article aims at scrutinising a variety of formal phenomena in the Classical repertoire that potentially challenge, in one way or another, the established sonata‐form typology and its analytic application. This includes the early double return, strong off‐tonic cadences within the recapitulatory action space, false recapitulations as well as false‐false recapitulations, recapitulations launched with P‐based S and off‐tonic recapitulations. The article concludes with a reflection on the epistemological status of the sonata typology and discusses the notion of a modularly conceivedFormenlehre.
Histone deacetylase AtSRT2 regulates salt tolerance during seed germination via repression of vesicle‐associated membrane protein 714 (VAMP714) in Arabidopsis
Authors: Tang Wen‐si , Zhong Li , Ding Qing‐qian , Dou Yi‐ning , Li Wei‐wei , Xu Zhao‐shi , Zhou Yong‐bin , Chen Jun , Chen Ming , Ma You‐zhi 
Published: February 2022

Summary

Salt tolerance during seed germination is essential for seedling establishment under salt stress. Sirtuin‐like proteins, NAD+‐dependent histone deacetylases, are involved in plant responses to abiotic stresses; however, the regulatory mechanism remains unknown. We elucidated the mechanism underlying AtSRT2 (a sirtuin‐like protein)‐mediated regulation of salt tolerance during seed germination in Arabidopsis.

The AtSRT2 mutant srt2 exhibited significantly reduced seed germination percentages under salt stress; its targets were identified via chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with ultra‐high‐throughput parallel DNA sequencing (ChIP‐Seq) assay. Epistasis analysis was performed to identify AtSRT2‐related pathways.

Overexpression of SRT2.7, an AtSRT2 splice variant, rescued the salt‐sensitive phenotype of mutant srt2. AtSRT2 histone deacetylation activity was important for salt tolerance during seed germination. The acetylation level of histone H4K8 locus in srt2‐1 increased significantly under salt treatment. Vesicle‐associated membrane protein 714 (VAMP714), a negative regulator of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐containing vesicle trafficking in cells, was identified as a target of AtSRT2. AtSRT2 regulated histone acetylation in the promoter region of VAMP714 and inhibited VAMP714 transcription under salt treatment. Seed germination percentage of double‐mutant srt2‐1vamp714 was close to that of single‐mutant vamp714, and higher than that of single‐mutant srt2 under salt stress. Hydrogen peroxide content and DNA damage increased after salt treatment in srt2 during seed germination.

AtSRT2 regulates salt tolerance during seed germination through VAMP714 in Arabidopsis.
Identification of key biomarkers related to epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and immune infiltration in ameloblastoma using integrated bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Peng Ye , Dang Jingyi , Liu Xincheng , Zhu Dongze , Zhang Yushen , Shi Yubo , Fan Hongbin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of ameloblastoma (AM) through integrated bioinformatics analysis.MethodsWe downloaded two microarrays of AMs from the GEO database and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by integrated bioinformatics analysis. The enrichment analysis of DEGs was conducted to characterize GO and KEGG pathways. Protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network and hub genes were screened via STRING and Cytoscape. CIBERSORT algorithm was utilized to analyze immune infiltration in AMs. We also verified the diagnostic and therapeutic value of hub genes.ResultsOverall, 776 DEGs were identified in AMs through bioinformatics analysis. The function enrichment analysis shed light on pathways involved in AMs. Subsequently, we screened six hub genes via PPI network. Furthermore, we evaluated immune infiltration in AMs and found that macrophages may be participating in the progression of AMs. The upregulated expression of FN1 was related to the macrophages M2 polarization. Finally, ROC analysis indicated that six hub genes had high diagnostic value for AMs and 11 drugs interacted with upregulated hub genes were identified by screening the DGIdb database.ConclusionThis study revealed the underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis and biological behavior of AMs and provided candidate targets for the diagnosis and treatment of AMs.
Leptin receptor and prolactin in pubertal disorders and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Villasís‐Keever Miguel A , Zurita‐Cruz Jessie N , Serret‐Montoya Juana , Zepeda‐Martinez Claudia del Carmen , Alegria‐Torres Gabriela , Barradas‐Vazquez Aly S , Hernández‐Hernández Beatriz C , Alonso‐Flores Sara R , Manuel‐Apolinar Leticia , Damasio‐Santana Leticia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundKnowledge of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with pubertal disorders (PD) in adolescent boys is limited as few studies have explored this disorder. This study aimed to identify the usefulness of assessing hormonal parameters in male adolescents with CKD and their correlation with PD in a 12‐month follow‐up period.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted among male adolescents with CKD (stages IV and V). Data regarding the age at puberty onset were collected from the patients’ clinical records and through interview. The patients were followed up for 12 months during their pubertal development. At the beginning, routine hormonal profile tests were performed to examine the patients’ thyroid profile, prolactin levels, luteinizing hormone, follicle‐stimulating hormone, testosterone, leptin, and receptor leptin. The hormonal profiles of patients with and without PD were compared. Comparisons between the groups were performed using the Student t‐test and Fisher's exact tests. Logistic regression analysis was also performed.ResultsData of 64 patients (26/64 with PD) were analyzed. The median age was 15 years and the median time for CKD evolution was 11 months. No differences between groups were noted in the general or biochemical characteristics of the patients. The hormonal parameters, prolactin levels were higher and the free leptin and free thyroxine levels were lower in patients with PD. Leptin receptor levels of >0.90 ng/mL (risk ratio [RR], 8.6; P = 0.004) and hyperprolactinemia (RR, 21.3; P = 0.049) were the risk factors for PD.ConclusionsLeptin receptor levels of >0.90 ng/mL and hyperprolactinemia are associated with the development of PD in male adolescents with CKD.
Non‐parametric stress field estimation for history‐dependent materials: Application to ductile material exhibiting Piobert–Lüders localization bands
Authors: Langlois Raphaël , Coret Michel , Réthoré Julien 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEstimating stress in statically undetermined tests remains an issue in experimental mechanics. Most estimation methods rely on the a priori choice of a behaviour equation leading to an unavoidable model bias. Recently, efforts have been made to propose methods circumventing the parametric description of constitutive behaviours. In particular, Leygue et al. (2018) proposed a new paradigm called data‐driven identification (DDI). An extension of Leygue's method to history‐dependent materials is proposed in this paper. The formulation of the problem and its resolution are presented with emphasis on boundary conditions. The method is tested on real experimental data where the elasto‐plastic material is subjected to the formation of Piobert–Lüders bands. We finally show that the DDI allows to obtain balanced fields that are closer (more consistent) to the field measurements than the fields obtained by parametric identification strategies, even more in the presence of strain localization bands whose kinematics are usually not described by a standard constitutive model.
The Right Argument from Moral Disagreement
Authors: Goldman Alan H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe anti‐realist's argument from moral disagreement has prematurely fallen out of favor. The argument has never been stated explicitly in correct form, and its proponents have not appealed to the best examples to support its premises. Realists have responded with a multitude of possible replies without applying them to the most convincing examples of irresolvable disagreements. The argument is a modus ponens from apparent fundamental disagreements to a disjunction of possible explanations, and then a disjunctive argument eliminating all but one alternative. The most convincing example from the point of view of the anti‐realist is the disagreement between the collectivist and the individual rights advocate, which occurs on both the levels of principle and individual judgment. Realist explanations for such disagreements include ignorance of nonmoral facts, application of principles in diverse contexts, bias, faulty reasoning, incommensurability or ties, lack of empathy or imagination, inaccessibility of moral facts, or different meanings for moral terms. I argue that none of these realist explanations for the disagreement between the collectivist and the individualist works, leaving only the anti‐realist explanation. Other realist moves, for example analogies with other areas of discourse, including disagreement among meta‐ethicists, are also shown to fail.
Increase in infected corneal ulcerations in dogs during the northern Colorado’s 2020 wildfire season
Authors: Jones Katrina E.V. , de Linde Henriksen Michala , Saxmose Nielsen Søren , Daniels Joshua B. , Lappin Michael R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveIn the fall of 2020, Colorado experienced the two largest wildfires in state history. The smoke blanketed the college town of Fort Collins, Colorado, the location of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at Colorado State University (CSU‐VTH). The objective for this cross‐sectional observational study was to evaluate how these wildfires and the corresponding elevated air quality index (AQI)) was associated with infected corneal ulcerations in dogs when compared to the two previous years.AnimalsSeventeen dogs were included in this study.ProceduresMedical records from dogs presented to the CSU‐VTH ophthalmology service with infected corneal ulcerations in August, September, and October of 2020, 2019, and 2018 were evaluated. Only corneal ulcerations with growth on their microbial cultures were included in this study.ResultsThe study revealed a significant increase in prevalence of infected corneal ulcerations in dogs presented to the CSU‐VTH during the three wildfire months of 2020 that is, 3.5% (9/255) when compared with the two previous years, 2019: 1.0% (4/383, p = 0.04), and 2018: 0.9% (4/457) (p = .01). The AQI (mean ± standard error) was also significantly elevated for dogs that presented with infected corneal ulcerations in 2020 (70.2 ± 5.8) compared with 2019 (19.7 ± 8.7) and 2018 (45.6 ± 8.7) (p < .01).Conclusions and clinical relevanceElevation of AQI from wildfires seems to be correlated with an increased prevalence of infected corneal ulceration in dogs. As the duration and frequency of wildfires continues to rise globally, the effects of these wildfires on animal health should be investigated further.
Case of unilateral anaemic retinopathy unmasking colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Toh Zhi Hong , Chin Chee Fang , Gan Nicola Yi’an 
Published: February 2022

Anaemic retinopathy presents commonly with bilateral retinal haemorrhages and soft exudates. Unilateral optic disc oedema in these patients has rarely been mentioned. We report a case of an atypical presentation of anaemic retinopathy with recurrent unilateral optic disc oedema and retinal haemorrhages secondary to iron deficiency anaemia from a newly diagnosed colorectal adenocarcinoma.A man in his 70s with multiple ischaemic risk factors was referred for unilateral optic disc oedema associated with a few retinal haemorrhages. Initial diagnosis was that of impending central retinal vein occlusion. The optic disc oedema initially resolved but recurred 8 months later with worsening unilateral disc oedema, ‘coin-shaped’ retinal haemorrhages, Roth’s spots and venous tortuosity. Full blood count showed microcytic hypochromic anaemia secondary to iron deficiency and colonoscopy revealed colorectal adenocarcinoma. The patient received blood transfusions, oral iron replacement and underwent surgical resection of the tumour. The anaemia resolved, and the fundus findings resolved as well.
Social capital and geographical variation in the incidence of COVID-19: an ecological study
Authors: Saville Christopher W N , Thomas Daniel Rhys 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThe new behavioural norms needed to reduce the spread of COVID-19 are likely scaffolded by social capital. Research on social capital and COVID-19 has yielded mixed results, with some studies finding it to be protective while others identifying it as a risk factor. We examined the association between social capital and COVID-19 at a finer spatial scale than previous research, and examined changes in the relationship over the course of the pandemic.MethodsRoutine COVID-19 surveillance data from Wales were linked to estimates of social capital at a small area level. Generalised linear mixed effects models predicting COVID-19 case rates across areas using social capital estimates and possible confounding variables were fitted to the data. A moving window version of the analysis explored whether this relationship varied across time.ResultsAreas with higher levels of social capital had lower rates of COVID-19 (rate ratio for trust=0.94, 95% CI 0.92 to 0.96; rate ratio for belonging=0.94, 95% CI 0.92 to 0.96). These associations were strongest during periods of lockdown, with evidence that social capital was less protective, and potentially even a risk factor, during periods when restrictions were eased. Trust, but not belonging, remained protective after adjusting for deprivation, population density, ethnicity and proportion population aged over 65 years.ConclusionsSocial capital is an important public health resource, which should be considered in future pandemic preparedness. Its importance may be greatest during times when social activity is most restricted.
Occupational health, frontline workers and COVID-19 lockdown: new gender-related inequalities?
Authors: Utzet Mireia , Bacigalupe Amaia , Navarro Albert 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe abrupt onset of COVID-19, with its rapid spread, has had brutal consequences in all areas of society, including the workplace. In this paper, we report the working conditions, health, and tranquilisers and opioid analgesics use of workers during the first months of the ensuing pandemic, according to whether they were frontline workers or not and also according to sex.MethodsOur analysis is based on cross-sectional survey data (collected during April and May 2020) from the wage-earning population in Spain (n=15 070). We estimate prevalences, adjusted prevalence differences and adjusted prevalence ratios by sex and according to whether the worker is a frontline worker or not.ResultsEmployment and working conditions, exposure to psychosocial risks, as well as health status and the consumption of tranquilisers and opioid analgesics all showed sex and sectoral (frontline vs non-frontline) inequalities, which placed essential women workers in a particularly vulnerable position. Moreover, the consumption of tranquilisers and opioid analgesics increased during the pandemic and health worsened significantly among frontline women workers.ConclusionsThe exceptional situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic provides an opportunity to revalue essential sectors and to dignify such employment and working conditions, especially among women. There is an urgent need to improve working conditions and reduce occupational risk, particularly among frontline workers. In addition, this study highlights the public health problem posed by tranquilisers and opioid analgesics consumption, especially among frontline women.