bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Amnesia Diagnostic Accuracy with RAVLT Single Scores and Composite Indices: Italian Normative Data
Authors: Ricci Monica , Ruggeri Massimiliano , Gnisci Cristina , Pizzoni Luca , Gerace Carmela , Blundo Carlo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective
The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) is a widely used verbal memory measure that provides scores for different aspects of memory. It involves repeated auditory presentation and recall of a 15-item word list (List A) followed by presentation and recall of a distractor list (List B) and then un-cued immediate and delayed recalls (at 15 min and 1 week) of List A as well as recognition testing. Aims of this study are to provide Italian normative data for certain RAVLT Scores and Composite Indices to improve the diagnostic accuracy of the test in clinical settings and to provide further evidence on how RAVLT can differentiate different amnesia profiles due to focal lesions.

Methods
We enrolled 440 healthy participants and RAVLT Single Scores and Composite Indices have been analyzed by means of multiple regression to verify the influence of age, education, and gender.

Results
We computed the best linear models with RAVLT Single Scores and Composite Indices, as dependent variables, and the most suitable transformation of independent variables. By reversing the signs of the regression coefficients, the adjustment factors for each level of age and, if needed, education and gender have been computed and the adjusted scores have been standardized into Equivalent Scores.

Conclusion
Using these standardized measures, we differentiate three profiles of amnesia due to selective hippocampal sclerosis with severe encoding deficit, fornix lesions with source memory problems, and temporal lobe epilepsy with consolidation failure.
Development and Diagnostic Accuracy of a Shortened Dutch Naming Test for People with Aphasia Using Item Response Theory
Authors: Alons Eline , Dijkhuis Lotti , van Tuijl Piet , van Ewijk Lizet 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective
The first objective was to assess the psychometric properties of the 92-item Dutch Naming Test (DNT-92), developed to assess word finding difficulties in people with aphasia, using Item Response Theory (IRT). The second objective was to select suitable items for a short version with a discriminative purpose.

Method
This study has a retrospective, psychometric research design, in which 510 DNT-92-forms of people with aphasia and 192 DNT-forms of healthy participants were used for analyses. An IRT analysis was performed and information on the item- and person parameters was obtained. Item selection for the short version was based on a combination of the discriminative ability of the items and their estimated theta or difficulty. Items with the highest information load, and a difficulty parameter in the range of overlap between the sample of people with aphasia and healthy participants were selected.

Results
A 2-PL IRT analysis showed best fit to the data. Assumptions of unidimensionality, local independence, and monotonicity were met. Items were removed incrementally, whilst checking sensitivity and specificity of the remaining short form. A selection of six items proved optimal in terms of sensitivity and specificity, with an area under the curve value of 0.85. Differences were found between participants younger than 70 and older.

Conclusions
The IRT assumptions for the DNT-92 were met, indicating that the test has good psychometric properties. A reduction of items to just six items proved possible, leading to a reliable six item short form with a discriminatory purpose.
FitDevo: accurate inference of single-cell developmental potential using sample-specific gene weight
Authors: Zhang Feng , Yang Chen , Wang Yihao , Jiao Huiyuan , Wang Zhiming , Shen Jianfeng , Li Lingjie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The quantification of developmental potential is critical for determining developmental stages and identifying essential molecular signatures in single-cell studies. Here, we present FitDevo, a novel method for inferring developmental potential using scRNA-seq data. The main idea of FitDevo is first to generate sample-specific gene weight (SSGW) and then infer developmental potential by calculating the correlation between SSGW and gene expression. SSGW is generated using a generalized linear model that combines sample-specific information and gene weight learned from a training dataset covering scRNA-seq data of 17 previously published datasets. We have rigorously validated FitDevo’s effectiveness using a testing dataset with scRNA-seq data from 28 existing datasets and have also demonstrated its superiority over current methods. Furthermore, FitDevo’s broad application scope has been illustrated using three practical scenarios: deconvolution analysis of epidermis, spatial transcriptomic data analysis of hearts and intestines, and developmental potential analysis of breast cancer. The source code and related data are available at https://github.com/jumphone/fitdevo.
Resolving teleology’s false dilemma
Authors: Babcock Gunnar , McShea Daniel W 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper argues that the account of teleology previously proposed by the authors is consistent with the physical determinism that is implicit across many of the sciences. We suggest that much of the current aversion to teleological thinking found in the sciences is rooted in debates that can be traced back to ancient natural science, which pitted mechanistic and deterministic theories against teleological ones. These debates saw a deterministic world as one where freedom and agency is impossible. And, because teleological entities seem to be free to either reach their ends or not, it was assumed that they could not be deterministic. Mayr’s modern account of teleonomy adheres to this basic assumption. Yet, the seeming tension between teleology and determinism is illusory because freedom and agency do not, in fact, conflict with a deterministic world. To show this, we present a taxonomy of different types of freedom that we see as inherent in teleological systems. Then we show that our taxonomy of freedom, which is crucial to understanding teleology, shares many of the features of a philosophical position regarding free will that is known in the contemporary literature as ‘compatibilism’. This position maintains that an agent is free when the sources of its actions are internal, when the agent itself is the deterministic cause of those actions. Our view shows that freedom is not only indispensable to teleology, but also that, contrary to common intuitions, there is no conflict between teleology and causal determinism.
Extraction and Determination of Evodiamine from Euodia Fructus with SPE-HPLC Based on a Homemade Phenyl-Based Monolithic Cartridge
Authors: Shi Xiaoqian , Sun Fanrong , Liu Haiyan , Yan Hongyuan , Bai Ligai 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A phenyl-based monolithic adsorbent was prepared in a 50-mm-long stainless steel tube, which was initiated by the redox system, using ethylene glycol phenyl ether acrylate as the monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the crosslinker. The effects of monomer/crosslinker ratio and the porogens on the permeability and morphology of the resulting adsorbents were investigated, and the optimal adsorbent shows relatively uniform pore structure according to the characterizations of scanning electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption–desorption method. The column that filled with the adsorbent was used as the solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge, exhibiting unique selectivity for the extraction of evodiamine from Euodia fructus (the fruits of Euodia rutaecarpa (Juss.)Benth.), which attributes to the interactions of π-π and hydrogen bonding between the adsorbent and evodiamine. Combined with a C18 analytical column via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system, an online SPE-HPLC method was established for extraction, enrichment and determination of evodiamine from Euodia fructus. Method validation demonstrates that the relative standard deviation of the precision is less than 0.66%, and the spiked recovery is in the range of 93.11–98.06%. Furthermore, it is worth noting that the prepared SPE cartridge can be reused for no less than 100 times. These results show that the developed method is simple and efficient for online extraction and enrichment of evodiamine from Euodia fructus.
Association of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Treatment on Upper Respiratory Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (SARS-Cov-2 RT-PCR) Negative Conversion Rates Among High-Risk Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Li Hongyan , Gao Menghan , You Hailong , Zhang Peng , Pan Yuchen , Li Nan , Qin Ling , Wang Heyuan , Li Dan , Li Yang , Qiao Hongmei , Gu Lina , Xu Songbai , Guo Weiying , Wang Nanya , Liu Chaoying , Gao Pujun , Niu Junqi , Cao Jie , Zheng Yang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcceleration of negative respiratory conversion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) might reduce viral transmission. Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir is a new antiviral agent recently approved for treatment of COVID-19 that has the potential to facilitate negative conversion.MethodsA cohort of hospitalized adult patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 who had a high risk for progression to severe disease were studied. These patients presented with COVID-19 symptoms between 5 March and 5 April 2022. The time from positive to negative upper respiratory reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) conversion was assessed by Kaplan-Meier plots and Cox proportional hazards regression with the adjustment for patients’ baseline demographic and clinical characteristics.ResultsThere were 258 patients treated with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and 224 nontreated patients who had mild-to-moderate COVID-19. The median (interquartile range) time for patients who converted from positive to negative RT-PCR was 10 days (7–12 days) in patients treated ≤5 days after symptom onset and 17 days (12–21 days) in nontreated patients. The proportions of patients with a negative conversion at day 15 were 89.7% and 42.0% in treated patients and nontreated patients, corresponding to a hazard ratio of 4.33 (95% confidence interval, 3.31–5.65). Adjustment for baseline differences between the groups had little effect on the association. Subgroup analysis on treated patients suggests that time to negative conversion did not vary with the patients’ baseline characteristics.ConclusionsThis cohort study of high-risk patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 found an association between nirmatrelvir/ritonavir treatment and accelerated negative RT-PCR respiratory SARS-CoV-2 conversion that might reduce the risk of viral shedding and disease transmission.
Distribution of Macrolide Resistant Mycoplasma genitalium in Urogenital Tract Specimens From Women Enrolled in a US Clinical Study Cohort
Authors: Getman Damon , Cohen Seth , Jiang Alice 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
This study evaluated the distribution of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma genitalium in multiple urogenital specimens collected from women enrolled in a prospective multicenter US clinical study.

Methods
Four female urogenital specimens (vaginal swab, urine, endocervical swab, ectocervical brush/spatula) collected from each subject were tested using a transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) assay for M. genitalium. TMA-positive specimens were evaluated by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and bidirectional Sanger sequencing of M. genitalium 23S rRNA to identify the presence of macrolide-resistance–mediating mutations (MRMs) at base positions 2058/2059.

Results
Of 140 women with ≥1 TMA-positive specimens, 128 (91.4%) yielded M. genitalium 23S rRNA sequence. MRMs were found in 52% of vaginal specimens, 46.3% of urine specimens, 37.8% of endocervical specimens, and 46% of ectocervical specimens. There were 44 unique specimen type/sequence phenotype combinations of M. genitalium infection. Most (81; 63.3%) women had single specimen-sequence phenotype (macrolide-susceptible, MRM, or both) infections, while 24 (18.8%) women had multiple specimen-sequence phenotype concordant infections, and 23 (17.9%) women had multiple specimen-sequence phenotype discordant infections. The sensitivity for any single specimen type to detect overall urogenital tract macrolide-resistant M. genitalium infection status was 96.3% for vaginal swab samples, 82.6% for urine samples, 70.8% for endocervical swab samples, and 82.1% for ectocervical brush/spatula liquid Pap samples.

Conclusions
The distribution of M. genitalium infections in female urogenital tract specimens is highly complex, with multiple phenotypic combinations of the organism infecting a significant proportion of women at different anatomic specimen collection sites. Vaginal swab sampling yielded the highest sensitivity for identifying women with macrolide-resistant M. genitalium urogenital tract infections.
The Relevance of Deep Pluralism for China’s Foreign Policy
Authors: Zhang Feng , Buzan Barry 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Deep pluralism describes a global society in which power, wealth, and cultural and political authority are distributed diffusely within a system that has high interaction capacity and is strongly interdependent. This concept has empirical and normative value for understanding China’s foreign policy. Empirically, it enables us to see that China has been a key driver of deep pluralism in its modern history. Normatively, it points to the importance of the contestation between consensual and contested forms of deep pluralism and the critical role China can play in this contestation. China is now facing choices between those motivated by raison d’etat (narrow self-interest) and raison de système (system-wide responsibility incorporating enlightened self-interest). For its professed goals of international peace and development, it is imperative that China promote a consensual form of deep pluralism in the spirit of raison de système. In the Asian region, where its regional policy is entangled with its US policy, this would require it to ameliorate contested deep pluralism in its policies towards the USA while adopting a consistent strategy of reassurance towards its neighbours.
Association of secondary prevention medication use after myocardial infarction with mortality in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Lin Ting-Yun , Hsieh Tsung-Han , Hung Szu-Chun 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Mortality after myocardial infarction (MI) among patients undergoing dialysis is high. However, studies investigating the use of secondary prevention medications after MI and clinical outcomes in dialysis patients are lacking. This study aimed to examine the association of the number of guideline-recommended medications (antiplatelets, β-blockers, statins and renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors) with all-cause mortality after MI in hemodialysis (HD) patients.

Methods
We conducted a nationwide cohort study of incident HD patients who were admitted for MI between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2014 and were followed up until 31 December 2015, using Taiwan's national health insurance research database.

Results
Of 1471 patients (mean age 68 years, 41.9% women) included in the analysis, 281 (19.1%) were treated with one cardioprotective medication, 406 (27.6%) with two, 490 (33.3%) with three and 294 (20%) with four. During a median follow-up of 1.0 years, 458 (31.1%) patients died. In a multivariable Cox model, each additional use of guideline-recommended therapies was associated with a significant 12% reduction in the risk of mortality {hazard ratio [HR] 0.88 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.80–0.97]}. Similar results were obtained in the analysis with the inverse probability of treatment weighting [HR 0.84 (95% CI 0.77–0.92)] and in the propensity score–matched subcohort [HR 0.87 (95% CI 0.77–0.98)]. The decreased mortality risk was consistently observed across all subgroups.

Conclusions
The use of more evidence-based medications for secondary prevention after MI was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality in HD patients.
An Optimized Deep Belief Network for Land Cover Classification Using Synthetic-Aperture Radar Images and Landsat Images
Authors: Bhatt Abhishek , Thakur Vandana 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper intends to propose an automated deep learning-based land cover classification model of remote sensing images. The model includes (i) pre-processing, (ii) feature extraction and (iii) classification. The captured synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) and Landsat-8 images are initially pre-processed using the Gabor filtering model. Subsequently, from SAR images the gray-level-co-occurrence matrix-based texture characteristics are extracted, and temperature vegetation index-based characteristics, normalized vegetation index-based features, normalized difference index-based features and coloration index features are extracted from Landsat-8 images. Finally, the extracted features are subjected to an optimized deep belief network (DBN), where the weight is fine-tuned by the optimization logic. For this, a new Sunflower adopted Red Deer (SARD) algorithm is introduced in this work that hybrids the concept of Red Deer algorithm and Sunflower optimization. The performance of the proposed classification model is compared over other conventional models concerning different measures. Especially, the accuracy of the presented work (SARD+DBN) for Testcase3 is 5, 7, 6 and 30% better than existing DA + DBN, JA + DBN, SLnO+DBN and LA + DBN methods, respectively.
On The Batch Outsourcing Of Pairing Computations
Authors: Kalkar Oznur , Sertkaya Isa , Tutdere Seher 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Pairing-based cryptography is utilized in a wide range of devices, such as servers, mobile devices, smart cards and sensors. Pairing computation would be a burden for power and/or computation-restricted devices. Protocols for outsourcing pairing computations from limited devices to more resourceful devices are already proposed. These protocols naturally require verification of the computation and secrecy of the inputs and/or outputs. Similarly, batch pairing outsourcing protocols aim to improve efficiency over multiple runs of the state-of-the-art single pairing delegation protocols. Here, we will cover efficient, privacy preserving, secure batch pairing outsource protocols for each type based on secrecy of inputs and outputs. We propose the first generic outsourcing protocol where inputs and outputs of the pairing function are secret. In addition to this, we give some methods to avoid certain type of attacks, increase efficiency and get rid of pairing arithmetic. The proposed protocols enable limited devices to outsource pairing computations with only elliptic curve arithmetic.
Anti-Occlusion Target Tracking Based on Joint Confidence
Authors: Zhou Wei , Ding Xiaoxue , Xu Haixia 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Aiming to the challenge of occlusion during tracking, this paper proposes an anti-occlusion tracking based on joint confidence. Under the framework of the kernel correlation filter (KCF) tracking, the dimension of the feature is extended to construct a robust target appearance model, and the size of the target is estimated during the tracking process. We first judge whether occlusion occurs or not by the measurement by combining the maximum of the detection response map with the average peak correlation energy, then design the corresponding anti-interference tracking strategy. If the occlusion does not occur during the tracking process, the KCF tracking is performed, otherwise, re-detection is introduced to locate the target position, and the region corresponding to the re-detection is added to the regulation term of the KCF for context learning. The fusion of the filter template before occlusion and the context model learned during occlusion is used to locate the target and to update the model. Experimental evaluations on the datasets OTB2013, OTB100 and TC128 show that compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms such as KCF, Siamese and other algorithms, our proposed algorithm has stronger robustness and higher tracking accuracy when occlusion occurs.
Adaptively Secure KP-ABE For Circuits With Fan-In n And Fan-Out 1
Authors: Sun Keshuo , Gao Haiying 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The attribute-based encryption (ABE) scheme is suitable for access control of ciphertext in cloud computing. Kowalczyk and Wee proposed an adaptively secure attribute encryption scheme that supports $NC^1$ circuits. However, the circuit depth increases because this scheme supports only circuits with fan-in 2, which increases the key length and computational complexity of the key generation and decryption algorithms. To improve efficiency, we designed a secret sharing scheme for circuits with fan-in $n$, and we proposed a key-policy ABE scheme that supports circuits with fan-in $n$. We also designed pebbling rules for secret sharing in circuits with fan-in $n$, improving the compactness of the security reduction. Finally, we proved the adaptive security of the scheme by using a piecewise guessing framework and dual-system encryption. Compared with existing schemes, our scheme reduces the key size, improves the efficiency of the key generation algorithm and the decryption algorithm and provides tighter security reduction.
Conservatively treated intramyocardial dissecting haematoma of the interventricular septum as a rare complication of acute myocardial infarction: a case report
Authors: Apostolović Svetlana , Kostić Tomislav , Laban Nikola , Stanković Vladana 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Intramyocardial dissecting haematoma (IDH) is a rare and potentially life-threatening complication of acute coronary syndrome. So far only isolated case reports and case series have been published.

Case summary
We report the case of a late presenting myocardial infarction (MI) complicated by IDH of the ventricular septum, following a successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The clinically inapparent septal mass was discovered during the routine transthoracic echocardiography and the final diagnosis of haematoma was made by magnetic resonance imaging. The patient remained clinically stable, and septal mass on repeated echocardiography showed gradual regression.

Discussion
This report suggests that IDH can spontaneously resolve without surgical intervention. An urgent echocardiogram should be used to assess the vitality of the myocardial tissue, especially with late presenting MI with deep Q-waves on the electrocardiogram strip. Conservative treatment in haemodynamically stable patients with IDH following MI and PCI is a feasible solution.
Salience and Accountability: School Infrastructure and Last-Minute Electoral Punishment*
Authors: Ajzenman Nicolás , Durante Ruben 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Can seemingly unimportant factors influence voting decisions by making certain issues salient? We study this in the context of Argentina’s 2015 presidential elections by examining how the infrastructure quality of the school where citizens voted influenced their choice. Exploiting the quasi-random assignment of voters to ballot stations in public schools in Buenos Aires, we show that individuals assigned to poorer infrastructure schools were less likely to vote for Mauricio Macri, the incumbent mayor running for president. The effect is larger in lower-income areas, where private education is more unusual, and in places where more households have children of school-going age.