bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting outcomes after total knee arthroplasty using intraoperative knee kinematics measured by navigation
Authors: Hasegawa Masahiro , Tone Shine , Naito Yohei , Sudo Akihiro 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives
The objective of the study is to evaluate the relationship between clinical results following posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and intraoperative kinematic pattern determined from navigation.

Methods
Participants were patients with knee osteoarthritis and varus deformity who underwent primary posterior-stabilized TKA. Preoperative and post-implantation kinematic data were recorded, and all kinematic patterns were divided into two types: medial pivot (MP) or non-MP. Knees with MP and non-MP patterns after implantation were compared in terms of postoperative flexion angle, pain, patient satisfaction, expectations, and activity using the new Knee Society Score 2011 at 1 year postoperatively.

Results
This study involved 55 patients (12 men, 43 women) with a mean age of 73.1 years and mean body mass index of 26.5 kg/m2. Preoperative kinematic measurements showed MP in 23 knees and non-MP in 32 knees. After implantation, navigation showed MP in 25 knees and non-MP in 30 knees. No significant differences were found between kinematic patterns preoperatively and after implantation. Postoperative flexion angle, pain, patient satisfaction, expectations, and activity using Knee Society Score 2011 showed no differences between MP and non-MP knees.

Conclusion
Intraoperative knee kinematics as measured by navigation could not predict postoperative outcomes of TKA.
Strongyloidiasis presenting during treatment of low-dose glucocorticoid plus rituximab for anti-signal recognition particle antibody–positive polymyositis: A case report
Authors: Oshima Ryo , Matsuhisa Takaharu , Kondo Takeshi , Sato Motoki , Sato Juichi , Yamamura Masahiro 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Strongyloidiasis, an intestinal parasitic infection caused by Strongyloides stercoralis, rarely occurs in Japan. When treated with immunosuppressive drugs, two potentially lethal conditions, hyperinfection and dissemination, may develop in asymptomatic carriers of this parasite. We report the development of strongyloidiasis during treatment of polymyositis with glucocorticoids plus rituximab (RTX). A 44-year-old woman had been diagnosed with anti-signal recognition particle antibody–positive polymyositis with interstitial pneumonia 6 years previously, for which she had recently been receiving prednisolone at 5 mg/day and RTX at 375 mg/m2 twice every 3 months. Her condition appeared to be well controlled. She was admitted to our hospital with a 1-month history of chronic diarrhoea and epigastric pain. Standard microscopic examination of a sample of faeces revealed the presence of S. stercoralis; however, serologic testing for parasites was negative. Treatment with ivermectin alleviated her inflammatory diarrhoea and eradicated the faecal parasites. We believe that our patient had an exacerbation of S. stercoralis infection (hyperinfection syndrome) that was exacerbated by low-dose glucocorticoids plus RTX. Strongyloidiasis should be considered in immunocompromised individuals with unexplained diarrhoea, even in non-endemic areas.
Who Cares
Authors: Howard Christopher 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Societies are often judged by how they treat their most vulnerable members: the poor and near poor. In the United States, this responsibility belongs not only to governments but also to charities, businesses, individuals, and family members. Their combined efforts generate a social safety net. Many academics and journalists have studied discrete pieces of this net. However, it is still hard to see larger patterns and learn general lessons. Who Cares pulls these pieces together to offer the first comprehensive map of the US social safety net. The central theme of the book is care. Part I describes how much we care about people in need, as well as who we think should take care of them. Individual chapters capture the views of ordinary citizens, business and labor organizations, churches and other charities, and public officials. The emphasis in Part II is on tangible acts of caring. Who pays for government programs and charitable services? Who are the most important caregivers, public and private? How adequate is the care that people receive? Each chapter answers these questions for specific human needs—income, food, housing, medical care, and daily care. Although the US social safety net is extensive, major gaps remain, particularly impacting Blacks, Hispanics, and individuals who are not employed full-time. These problems persist even when the economy seems healthy; Who Cares is based heavily on evidence from the years right before the Covid-19 pandemic. The postscript offers an initial assessment of how the social safety net performed during the pandemic.
Housing
Authors: Howard Christopher 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Housing is expensive all over the United States. Unable to afford rent or a mortgage, some adults will be forced to live with relatives or friends (i.e., the family safety net). Charitable organizations offer temporary shelter for some of the homeless. In general, charities play a much smaller role in housing than food. Government assistance programs, primarily housing vouchers and public housing for renters, help a few million Americans. Nevertheless, many people who are eligible for housing assistance do not receive it because of inadequate funding. Government funding for housing assistance pales in comparison to tax breaks for more affluent homeowners. Although the vast majority of Americans have a roof over their heads, housing costs are a sizable burden. To pay rent, families may not be able to afford enough food or medical care. Many face the threat of eviction.
Blackletter Law
Authors: Mallat Chibli 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The chapter provides an overview of courts through the development of the country’s judicial organization frameworks, and their development featuring in particular the large jurisdiction of Diwan al-Mazalem from the 1980s to the 2010s. It introduces the main “oracles of the law,” identified as courts adjudicating cases, government officials in various rule-making capacities, and traditional scholars in advisory functions, including the Council of senior scholars and the mufti. I then provide charts of the various courts through the last half-century, basics of evidence in civil procedure, an overview of Hanbali treatises and major statutes as sources of law, and an illustration of these sources in civil law cases.
Civil Law I Contracts
Authors: Mallat Chibli 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Since there is no civil code in Saudi Arabia, and despite the presence of a restatement of the law of obligations known as the Hanbali Majalla, a general theory of contracts and torts must be reconstructed from classical treatises, against which the chapter considers the case law available in the law reporters. A Unifying Theory (upper case) is proposed on the basis of remedies in contracts and torts moving in fiqh from the notion of harm, darar. In the application of the rule that “harm must be removed,” the courts consider contractual breach in light of the terms of the contract, with the following formula as a result: Compensation for breach of contract = effective damage plus fair replacement use minus mitigation costs. Discussion also covers daman (risk-guarantee), specific performance, vices of consent, installments and the ‘ina sale, options (khiyarat), and penalty clauses.
Criminal Law I Procedure and Hadd
Authors: Mallat Chibli 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter and the following one map the criminal law system in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia enacted a criminal procedure code in 2001, but it lacks a comprehensive penal code, relying instead on identifications of certain acts as violations of the law (from public behavior to matters of the state administrative cogwheel) scattered in various pieces of legislation and the classical Islamic legal tradition’s classification. From the classical tradition arises a Saudi-Islamic criminal common law of crime, which develops mostly in court cases. It can be first organized into (a) “set punishment” of five prescribed crimes (hadd, plural hudud): zina (unlawful sexual intercourse), qadhf (wrongful accusation of zina), drinking, theft, hiraba (“war waging”), which are examined individually in the light of their application in court decisions.
From Diwan Al-Mazalem to Commercial Courts
Authors: Mallat Chibli 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The chapter starts with an overview of the commercial scene in the 21st century and the accelerated pace of judicial reform and novel commercial statutes in line with political change at the helm. It then dwells on the “the status of merchant” since the early codification of commercial law in 1931, and on the Diwan’s central jurisprudential rule in compensation. Most of the chapter examines this “unifying theory” (lower case), which is drawn from the tort jurisprudence of the French civil code through Egyptian and other Arab applications. The unifying theory, consisting of three elements, harm, fault and the causality link between the two, is confirmed across the commercial field by commercial courts that took over from the DM, the Supreme court, and the banking and securities adjudicative committees.
Insolvency, Banking, the Stock Market
Authors: Mallat Chibli 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Normalization through statutes drives the three business fields that the chapter focuses on: insolvency/bankruptcy, banking, and the stock market. I‘sar (indigence) and iflas (bankruptcy) are discussed in the context of statutory arrangements from the LCC of 1931 through to the Law of bankruptcy of 2018, which reorganized the field in a comprehensive manner. In banking, the issue of interest and its application in daily transactions and in court disputes is clarified, together with the limits on Islamic banking in the Kingdom. Tadawul, the stock exchange established in 2007, is then presented and discussed in light of an important set of cases decided by the Committee for the resolution of securities disputes (CRSD) and its appellate committee (ACRSD).
Constitutional Law
Authors: Mallat Chibli 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The chapter describes the legal underpinnings of the absolute monarchy under the basic laws of government passed in 1992 and the iteration of Majlis al-shura, the parliament-like institution in the Kingdom. It underlines the difficulty for any opposition to overcome illegitimacy, briefly mentions regional policy, and devotes a long section to the succession (bay‘a) crisis that culminated in the Ritz arrests in November 2017. The Ritz episode is analyzed in the light of the constitutional and legal documents that accompanied the arrests and the charges of corruption leveled at the leading businessmen in the country.
Human Rights
Authors: Mallat Chibli 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The government of Saudi Arabia stands accused of systematic violations of core human values defined universally. Dissent, capital punishment, homosexuality, and female subordination form the four clusters discussed in the chapter which examines, in turn, the basic texts outlawing any form of dissent; the support provided by the Council of senior scholars to the government; various reported and unreported judgments, including the Ra’if Badawi and the “Hunayn 24” cases. The analysis then turns to capital punishment and the repression of homosexuality and queerness. A final section examines the legal subordination of women, both in the light of Ministry of justice documents and the CEDAW treaty to which Saudi Arabia is a party.
Dementia with Lewy Bodies
Authors: Noble James M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the second most common cause of dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies. The changes seen in dementia with Lewy bodies are similar to the microscopic changes seen in Parkinson’s disease but occur in different brain regions. Dementia with Lewy bodies presents as a mix of cognitive, behavioral, and, in particular, physical changes that help distinguish it from other forms of dementia such as Alzheimer’s disease. Parkinsonism is most often seen in Parkinson’s disease but is also a hallmark of dementia with Lewy bodies. Meanwhile, neuropsychological testing shows that patients with dementia with Lewy bodies tend to have more executive or visuospatial problems than those with Alzheimer’s disease. Dementia with Lewy bodies has two other distinctive features: hallucinations and dramatic changes in sleep. The chapter then considers diagnostic testing for dementia with Lewy bodies.
Monitoring and Maintaining Independence, Safety, and Mobility
Authors: Noble James M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines approaches and tools that can enhance dementia care, focusing on three main issues: independence, safety, and mobility. Maintaining independence is a central goal at the beginning of the course of dementia. The chapter then discusses how to avoid financial risks and transition to shared responsibilities in managing bills, practical considerations when employment is affected by cognitive decline, and when and how to address concerns with driving, which is one of the most challenging issues in dementia. Safety concerns and risks are some of the most important aspects of dementia care but can be among the hardest to recognize and address. A primary goal is to anticipate and avoid catastrophic events related to dementia. Serious events include wandering, accidental kitchen fires, medication errors, falls, and swallowing difficulties and choking. It is important to identify when someone is developing a risk for falling.
The State (1973–2000)
Authors: Gautney Heather 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on political elites’ role in the consolidation of elite power, understanding the American state as a center of class struggle over policy, ideology, wealth accumulation, and military power. Despite neoliberal mythologies regarding the equalities of self-regulating markets, actual neoliberalism relies on state forces to set legal frameworks and “conditions” for capital accumulation. Such frameworks include fiscal policy, use of courts, and regulations that facilitate capital flows—as well as the repressive disciplining of populations and movements that might impede them. This chapter identifies the major tenets of neoliberalism and assesses pivotal decisions by state and corporate elites, between 1973 and 2000, that encouraged its rise and suppressed social democratic alternatives to it. It demonstrates the bipartisan nature of political elites’ alignment with the interests of capital, their exercise of state power for the upward accumulation of wealth, and their betrayal and exploitation of poor and working-class people.
Nations and Composers as “Genres”
Authors: Gelbart Matthew 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Using the example of Verdi’s Les Vêpres siciliennes, written at the height of his career to the very specific stipulations of the Paris Opéra stage, this chapter isolates the international mobility of works in the mid- to late nineteenth century as a key catalyst toward conceiving national styles or corpuses of works as genres. Indeed, while previous Verdi scholarship has tended to emphasize formal considerations in defining Verdi’s break with some of the genres he inherited, the chapter suggests that traditional venue-based generic definitions were eclipsed mostly by essentialist national categorizations, however inconsistently defined. Verdi’s opera toured Italy under different names, primarily as Giovanna de Guzman, but was constantly read through its Parisian origins as a tussle between French and Italian target audiences. Publics in specific cities served as metonyms for their nations, but also as local agents in mediating ideas of the nation. Hence, national genres were conceived differently based on the reference fields of different publics. Romanticism also encouraged the treatment of the oeuvres of individual composers as their own genres, but always tethered to other generic groupings, especially the nation.
Layered Genres and the Development of Modern Listening
Authors: Gelbart Matthew 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Many of the arguments in this book rely on the claim that social spaces such as performance venues cemented the persistent importance of genre in the nineteenth century; so it would seem that genre lines would weaken when any music can, through sound recording and then portable music players and streaming, be easily removed from the spaces that birthed it, to be inserted into an infinity of new physical and social situations. This chapter, however, argues that the potential for spatial transfer and overlap does not in itself portend a breakdown of the associations of genres with audience communities and spaces. In fact, it often strengthens them, by creating a new way of listening: a double (or multiple) layered listening, where even against the counterpoint of a new setting for a piece of music, the original audience community and sense of social space remain in trace form, increasingly virtual but all the more important in their physical absence. Furthermore, the origins of this dynamic lie in the nineteenth century as well, with the accelerated spread of piano transcription. The chapter thus focuses on the way transcription created this modern listening strategy and considers the phenomenon as an extended arc from then to now. The lingering, even strengthening, connection of audience identity to genres helps perpetuate the workings of genre systems and genre attitudes from the nineteenth century.
Harold Garfinkel’s Focus on Racism, Inequality, and Social Justice
Authors: Warfield Rawls Anne 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHarold Garfinkel began exposing the tacit interactional practices of racism as a graduate student at the University of North Carolina in 1939, taking the position that the rules framing the interactional work of communicating and presenting Self are taken for granted and therefore invisible and unconscious. He argued that these processes are essential to understanding society, but were being ignored by sociology, and proposed that examining the interactional work of the marginal and disenfranchised could reveal not only the inequality they experience, but also the underlying the practices and requirements for successful interaction that everyone relies on. He documented a need for reciprocity and mutual commitment to what he called “trust conditions,” showing that those in asymmetrical social positions (whose category/label is assigned without their consent) have extra difficulty achieving mutual intelligibility with others in interaction. Garfinkel’s work on race, gender, and other forms of inequality continued to inform his research to the end of his career. Not generally recognized for his focus on inequality, or labeling, or his emphasis on the performative aspects of self, or frames (which influenced Goffman), the revolutionary theoretical and methodological implications of Garfinkel’s early work have nevertheless become important staples of contemporary sociological theory and research.
Rules and Policeable Matters
Authors: Raymond Geoffrey , Jungleib Lillian , Zimmerman Don , Jones Nikki 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGarfinkel’s re-specification of the relationship between rules, practical action, and social order stands among his most important and far-reaching contributions to the human sciences. Virtually no account of social life can lose sight of the central role played by rules, laws, norms, or other idealized standards of behavior (which are glossed as “rules”) that participants draw on in organizing and evaluating their own and others’ conduct. In addition to their centrality to social life via laws and institutions, rules and normative expectations are directly bound up with notions of morality, and so constitute a central dimension of social action and human relations. This chapter canvasses Garfinkel’s re-specification of rules, accountability, and social action, and uses the empirical case of police officers enforcing the Civil Sidewalk Ordinance (CSO) to illustrate how this intervention opens a window onto the endogenous methods participants use to organize their encounters with others. As the authors show, examining how this rule is enforced “for another first time” vastly expands the ways in which settings and activities can be studied and understood, how analysts can ground their claims in the conduct of the participants being studied, and thus how they can account for both recurrent features of social life and the distinctive moments through which that recurrence is produced.
“It’s About to Get Real”
Authors: Jacobs Lanita 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses what is at stake for comics in their quest to be “real” and oblige performative expectations about “real” Blackness in America. I focus on Kevin Hart who “blew up” shortly after I ended my observations in comedy clubs and whose hard-won success and failure rely on his steady calibration of a comic persona that appeals to mainstream and Black audiences. I cull insights from his standup routines, personal interviews, and professional histories to stake bold claims about what is decidedly “Black” about Black humor and Hart’s jokes especially. I also discuss how race, gender, sexuality, and notions of authenticity inform Hart’s bids to fame and communal uplift.
Learning on Mobile Devices
Authors: Dunaway Johanna , Searles Kathleen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this chapter we again test the post-exposure processing (PEP) model, this time focusing on the cause and consequences of attenuated attention to news content on mobile devices. Again using two laboratory experiments featuring eye tracking we find mobile users endure significantly higher cognitive costs when they process news relative to computer users. The result is less learning from news read on smartphones as opposed to news read on computers, a divide that grows when we look at the effects over time. These results lend support to the PEP model, and in particular add further support that the mechanism at work in the mobile context is increased cognitive effort, which makes news seeking on mobile devices more effortful.
Introduction
Authors: Downham Moore Alison M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This Introduction explains how the book cohered within a larger intercultural project and its methodological frameworks that draw upon Reinhart Koselleck’s notion of temporal layers in the history of concepts and upon Michel Foucault’s notion of history of the present. It explains why the massively greater magnitude of French medical scholarship on menopause during the long nineteenth century relative to other cultures of this same period has been largely overlooked in existing historiographies of menopause. It situates the book in relation to other historical work on menopause, in relation to scholarship in other disciplines such as in current biomedicine, anthropology, and sociology, and in relation to recent popular and media discourses. Section headings: • Why France? • Methodological Questions