bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of CdS&TiO2 based polyaniline/polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposites as electrode for supercapacitors
Authors: Abdel Maged Fatma , Shawkey Heba A , Rayan Diaa A , Turky G M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The researchers used the oxidative chemical polymerization of aniline to prepare the polyaniline/polyvinyl alcohol (PANI/PVA) blend and its nanocomposites loaded with cadmium sulfide and Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (CdS-NPs & TiO2-NPs) were synthesized by aniline oxidative chemical polymerization. CdS and TiO2 were incorporated into the prepared nanocomposite to reinforce the mechanical and electrical energy storage performance. XRD revealed the presence of CdS NPs & TiO2 NPs in the polymer matrix; meanwhile, SEM confirms they are well dispersion in the polymer matrix and are dispersed well on the superficies of the synthesized nanocomposites. The presence of characteristic peaks in the Fourier transforms infrared proved the compatibility of the investigated nanocomposite. This study demonstrates how stable the synthesized samples are, with residual material for TiO2/PANI/PVA exceeding 60% even at 800 °C and for CdS/PANI/PVA exceeding 33% at 800 °C. The capacitance of CdS/PVA/PANI nanocomposites (492.29 F.g−1) at 1 A.g−1. The CdS/PVA/PANI and TiO2/PVA/PANI nanocomposites possesses the maximum Es of 2343.65 Wh.kg−1 and 373.17 Wh.kg−1. The CdS/PVA/PANI nanocomposites had the highest energy storage and power density among these binary hybrids. A broadband dielectric spectroscopy was used to examine the electrical and dielectric properties of the prepared samples over a broad range of frequencies and at four selected temperatures. The growth in dc caused by the rise in temperature from 25 to 150 °C (from 10−12 to 10−7 S cm−1) was around five decades as well as the second nanocomposite, TiO2/PANI/PVA, has slightly higher conductivity. The study shows that the blend behaves similarly to its two nanocomposites in the activation plot. However, the blend has higher dc-conductivity by about four orders of magnitude, and an electrode polarization is developed accompanied by apparently colossal ε′ values. This makes it very promising for applications in many fields of advanced microelectronics.
Impact of Urban Street Network on BIPV Generation Capacity of Buildings
Authors: Duran Ayca , Akgul Cagla Meral , Dino Ipek Gursel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Climate change necessitates a critical reconsideration of the built environment since buildings are among the top fossil fuel consumers. Solar energy generation through building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems is one of the most common onsite energy generation methods. However, many factors regarding urban morphology can negatively affect BIPV generation. Urban block typologies and spatial patterns are commonly studied descriptive metrics of an urban morphology that affect the solar energy potential. Similarly, the street network pattern is a measure of the spatial quality of an urban environment. Although various urban morphology indicators have been extensively studied in relation to solar energy potential, a comparative analysis of urban fabric focusing on street network patterns is also needed. In this study, four representative urban areas with different morphological characteristics are studied. The selected morphologies are parametrically modelled and compared with different building height configurations. A comparative analysis of BIPV generation capacity per square meter façade or roof area is presented. Urban areas without a dominating street network pattern have resulted in greater PV generation on facades, whereas the impact of urban morphology was found negligible for roof PV potential. The findings of this research have the potential to aid in urban planning and architectural design decisions, as well as the efficient use of BIPV systems in diverse urban morphologies.
Evaluation of increased electricity production when cooling solar panels
Authors: Rupar-Gadd K , Nguyen T , Mahapatra K 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A municipal housing company located in the south of Sweden has energy renovated several buildings with a total of 380 apartments to meet today’s energy standards. Several energy efficient technologies and solutions were implemented and the energy consumption for these buildings were lowered by 50%. One of the buildings functions as a demonstration building for innovative solutions such as low temperature district heating, waste water heat recovery, and solar photovoltaic and thermal (PVT) panels. The solar PVT panels are cooled down with the main purpose to increase the electricity production. The cooling medium for these panels is circulated through two bedrock boreholes to dissipate the collected heat. The heat from the boreholes is then used for an electric heat pump to produce heat to send to the local district heating company. The electricity produced is primarily used in the building. The objective of this paper is to assess the electricity production from real-life outdoor Photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) plant. The plant was installed on the roof top of an energy renovated multi-family apartment building located in the south of Sweden. The cooling of the panels were turned on and off to assess if the electricity production would increase or not. The electricity production did not increase when the cooling was applied. The temperature measuring equipment which was installed at the wrong position and was supposed to measure the temperature at the back of the PVT is needed to compare the efficiency of the PVT plant and draw further conclusions.
Effect of design assumptions on the performance evaluation of zero energy housing
Authors: Guerra-Santin O , Xu L , Boess S , Beek E van 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Renovation projects in social housing tend to focus on diminishing the costs of the renovation. An affordable solution is sought for an average household, thus assumptions are made about the residents’ behaviour when calculating the energy performance of the dwellings. However, households have different needs and preferences, and therefore the actual use of the building can affect the achievement of the zero energy goals. In the Netherlands, until 2020, the calculation of the energy performance coefficient (EPC) was necessary to obtain building permission. The EPC was calculated based on standardised occupancy, and took into account the characteristics of the building envelope and installations. Furthermore, the EPV (energieprestatievergoeding, energy performance compensation in English) is an instrument used by housing associations and landlords to recover part of their investments in renovating social housing into (nearly) zero energy homes through a regulated increase in the rent, while protecting the residents from increase on their costs of living. In this research, we used a monitoring case study in the Netherlands to investigate the effect of assumptions made during design regarding occupants’ behaviour, preferences, needs and lifestyle on achieving energy neutrality goals. The following questions are answered: What assumptions where made during the design of the building, and how do they differ from actual behaviour?, and what are the consequences of the behaviour for the performance of the building and for the EPV? The objective of this research is to determine the importance of design assumptions in the design and evaluation of zero energy buildings.
Residents’ comfort perceptions in domestic heritage buildings
Authors: Wise F , Moncaster A , Jones D 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Reducing energy and associated carbon emissions from the existing built environment is critically important to meet our climate goals. Heritage buildings are often presented in the literature as energy inefficient, and uncomfortable to inhabit. There is however little research into residents’ perceptions of comfort in these buildings to support this view, while there is some evidence to suggest that heritage buildings may be more thermally comfortable than generally assumed. This paper interrogates a survey of 147 residents of pre-1940 heritage buildings in Cumbria, UK, to examine residents’ comfort perceptions. This survey is compared with secondary data from other UK studies on residential comfort. Results are elucidated with more detailed responses from interviews with 16 heritage households. Three key findings were made. First, heritage buildings are perceived to have broadly comparable thermal performance to more modern UK buildings by their residents. Second, the survey results and interviews found that residents perceive their buildings to perform particularly well in summer, keeping comfortably cool in hot weather. In contrast, the literature suggests that newer homes often appear to suffer from overheating. Third, although many Cumbrian residents found their buildings draughty, a large percentage would not prefer less ventilation, with case study participants citing their enjoyment of fresh air. These results are highly relevant for successful approaches to renovation and the implementation of the European Renovation Wave. Renovations are often promoted to heritage residents for their comfort improvement potential. However, if buildings are already perceived as broadly comfortable this may not be a key driver. Alternative motivations may therefore need to be identified to drive renovation uptake. The findings also highlight the importance of maintaining positive aspects such as good summer performance.
SchoolVent pilot ventilation system with indirect adiabatic cooling and high efficiency filtering
Authors: Jacobs Piet , Khoury Eliane , Klerk Marius , Valkema Michel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Existing schools are badly insulated and often suffer from inadequate ventilation and cold in winter and too high temperatures in summer. Further schools nearby a busy road require high efficiency filtering, which traditionally lead to high pressure drops and installation noise. Current ventilation systems suitable for renovation often require expensive commissioning measurements and lack monitoring facilities during the use phase.With the development of the SchoolVent system we have solved these problems in an energy efficient manner. Core of the system is a balanced ventilation system with heat recovery. The heat exchanger is also used for indirect adiabatic cooling. For filtering a high efficiency and low pressure drop electrostatic filtration system is scaled up to 10.000 m3/hour. With this airflow 5 classrooms can be conditioned. The components have first been tested in the TNO laboratory. After that a pilot has been started on the Montessori Lyceum in Zeist. The main results of the monitoring during 2019/2020 are a heat recovery efficiency between 60 and 75%. With regard to the indoor climate class A of the “PvE Frisse scholen” has been achieved for summer and winter temperature and for CO2 concentration. With regard to filtration depending on the flowrate the specifications of an E10 – E11 filter have been obtained. In the climatized class rooms this lead to a 70 – 96% lower PM2.5 concentration compared to a reference classroom. The system has been further optimized with regard to installation costs and in 2021 another 14 classrooms are equipped with the SchoolVent system.
Assessing hybrid heat pump performance in simulated field-trial using hardware in the loop
Authors: Bulut Y , Kemp R E J , Koot J , Wijhe A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Low-carbon heat generators such as (hybrid) heat pumps are very sensitive to operating conditions. Insight into the real-world performance of such systems is essential for stakeholders in order to make informed decisions regarding product design, commissioning systems and predicting energy use. In this research an emulator facility was developed which allows the testing of physical water-based heating generators in a simulated environment whereby a climate chamber simulates outdoor temperature and humidity and a ’heat rejection rig’ couples the tested equipment hydronics to the virtual heat emitter system. The equipment is tested against a fully dynamic house and heating system model. As demonstration case studies for the facility, two hybrid heat pumps have been tested with models of a typical 1970s terraced Dutch house. Weather conditions were based on six representative heating season days. Relevant performance indicators for these tests are gas and electricity consumption, heat pump COP and how these vary across the range of reference days. The results suggest the product control strategy and installer settings have a significant effect on performance indicators. Space heating gas use can be reduced by >60% in some cases while maintaining reasonable heat pump COP. The results highlight the potential to improve product controls and provide guidance for how hybrids should be configured, and hence the facility’s value in product optimisation and knowledge generation.
A structured approach for governing sustainable heat transitions in building renovation of towns and cities
Authors: Harvey-Scholes C , de Vyver I Van , Connor P M , Dutta A , Hoppe T , Itten A , Fremouw M , Debbaut L , Hannewijk A , Versol W , Gitton R 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pioneer cities have demonstrated a willingness and capability to decarbonise local heat systems, but support is needed to scale up action. Heat decarbonisation is not simply a technical challenge, but also a political and social one; stakeholders must inform decisions about appropriate technological and policy solutions and will, in turn, be affected by them. Taking three dimensions of stakeholders, technology, and policy, a structured approach which centres stakeholders is presented to help local government to collaboratively find appropriate technology and policy solutions, both at the strategic scale across the municipality and in localised pilot projects, and explores how to initialise and support heat decarbonisation in more cities.
Understanding the progress of sustainable urban development through energy performance
Authors: der Leer J van , Femenias P , Granath K 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The development of energy efficient buildings has been identified as a crucial part of the challenge to reach climate targets. Energy performance requirements are one of the most concrete and actionable parts of the sustainability program of urban development processes. However, after construction, there is often a lack of evaluation and follow-up of the energy performance requirements for the buildings, which limits the understanding of the state and progress of sustainable urban development processes and the ability to capture lessons learned related to energy performance. The aim of this paper is to provide insight into how the actual energy performance of buildings relates to the development process of an urban district that has been developed with a high sustainability profile. The urban district of Kvillebäcken (Gothenburg, Sweden) is used as a case study. The results of this paper contribute to a better understanding of the efficiency of the energy performance requirement as a tool during the urban development process, taking the actual energy performance of the buildings as a starting point.
Pathways towards carbon neutrality: A participatory analysis of the Gothenburg’s energy plan
Authors: Maiullari D , Palm A , Wallbaum H , Thuvander L 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Among International Energy Agency members, Sweden is one of the upfront countries in implementing energy policies to achieve zero net emissions. Despite having the lowest share of fossil sources in its primary energy supply, becoming carbon neutral by 2045 is a challenging target. To meet the national goal, cities’ roadmaps and strategic plans have a leading role in facilitating the implementation of energy efficiency measures and renewable production systems. However, succeeding in city energy transitions requires envisioning and understanding of risk and vulnerability levels of the new socio-technical energy system. This study presents a review of the City of Gothenburg’s Energy Plan 2022-2030 and discusses potential challenges for its implementation. Based on a document study, stakeholder workshop, and interviews the research identifies four key aspects: i) the coordination between energy and urban planning, ii) the future stability of district heating and cooling, iii) the balance in electrification of the buildings and transport, iv) communication and tools in decision-making processes. Finally, the study suggests new measures that should be allocated in the plan to guarantee the development of instruments and analysis for addressing the identified challenges.
Method for identifying clusters of buildings with a similar renovation potential
Authors: Verellen Evelien , Allacker Karen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the context of the Renovation Wave, clustered renovations might be a potential approach to increase the renovation rate. In this paper a new methodology is presented to cluster buildings based on their renovation potential in view of grouped renovation actions. These clusters are defined at city scale. In this study the city of Leuven (Belgium) was used as a case study. The criteria to develop the clusters of buildings include both building parameters and occupant profiles in order to estimate both the renovation potential of the building as the willingness of the building owner. The resulting clusters of buildings are evaluated by assessing the willingness of the building owners and the profitability, scalability and feasibility of the buildings within the defined clusters. The methodology proposed can be used to support local authorities in identifying the renovation potential and opportunities for group actions to renovate their building stock.
Developing a new circular value system around Thypa sandwich panels
Authors: Oostra M , Brinksma H , Weeren A van 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Green ambitions are piling up for the existing built environment in Europe. The European Renovation Wave envisions large scale retrofitting, in order to reduce CO2 emissions. At the same time the target for a circular economy in 2050 makes it necessary to reconsider current solutions for retrofitting. Additionally, the need to reduce environmental impact and increase biodiversity is resulting in a shift towards more biobased solutions. Finally, the European Pillar of Social Rights aims to safeguard inclusivity. As usual, member states are obliged to translate European ambitions into their national policies which will lead to new rules and regulations construction products and value systems need to comply with. Since it is not evident that current solutions can comply with these, it is interesting to look at the potential of a new biobased solution. Recent research as part of the Dutch IEBB consortium has resulted in an inventory of preconditions and guidelines for the design of value systems aiming to comply with the projected ambitions for a decarbonized, circular and inclusive economy. The outcomes are based on literature study in combination with experiences of parties involved in product development, the assembly of a value system and the drawing up of the main structure for an appropriate business model dedicated to the production of Thypa sandwich panels.
SunSmart – The First Affordable, Energy Optimized Smart Window
Authors: Mann D , Yeung CPK , Habets R , Zandvoort R Van , Leufkens L , Hupperetz J , Out D , Valckenborg R , Vroon Z , Buskens P 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Reducing energy consumption and CO2 emissions becomes more and more important. Not only because of climate change related issues, but also to realize our ambition to become energy independent. To increase the energy-efficiency in buildings, we developed a thermochromic coating for smart windows which is optimized for climates with seasonal changes. Here we present the first results of our smart window performing in real environment. We show that measured solar transmission and thermochromic performance is comparable to measurements in the lab. Furthermore, we present a further optimized thermochromic coating with record optical properties of Tvis
= 70% and ΔTsol
= 20.1%. Via a building energy simulation study using data from this high performing coating, we show that energy savings between 17-37% can be achieved in the Netherlands, depending on the building type. Furthermore we show that by the use of our new smart window annual energy cost savings between 266 – 553 EUR/a for a single household can be achieved. The thermochromic coating usually accounts for 60 – 70% of these cost savings equaling between 8 – 10 EUR/a per m2 glass. Due to the low material and processing costs for the thermochromic coating, an attractive return on invest with market conform profit margin is possible.
Optimization of nanofiber gratings for efficient single-photon collection
Authors: Sahu Subrat , Nayak Kali P , Jha Rajan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We report on a simulation of a nanophotonic cavity constructed by designing periodic holes on an optical nanofiber to realize light–matter interaction. The cavity is designed using finite-difference time-domain simulations to maximize the coupling of spontaneous emission from a quantum emitter into fiber-guided modes. We systematically analyze the dependence of spontaneous emission on the quantum emitter position, polarization, and the grating strength (number of periods). We show that coupling efficiencies as high as 87% and 83% can be realized for a dipole emitter placed at the center of the nanofiber with polarization perpendicular (x-pol) and parallel (y-pol) to the hole-axis, respectively. This system may attract various quantum photonic applications based on single-photon sources.
Circularly polarized wearable antenna with low specific absorption rate and high gain based on artificial magnetic conductor
Authors: Li Na , Wang Yan , Tian Yanwei , Bao Jianqiang , Rao Xin , Shan Yuyu , Xu Bonan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Aiming at wearable electronic equipment in wireless body area network communication, we propose a circularly polarized wearable antenna based on artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) for the problem of unreliable data transmission of linearly polarized wearable antenna and reduction of transmission distance due to the low gain of antenna. The AMC of in-phase reflection reflects the backward radiation to the top to reduce the damage of the antenna to human body. And the polarization direction of the reflected wave reflected through AMC is the same as that of the main direction, which makes the radiation performance of the antenna improved. Meanwhile, the antenna is flexible and lightweight due to the use of flexible polyimide and graphene films as the substrate and conductor materials. The antenna was also simulated and the prototype was fabricated and tested. The simulation results show that the working bandwidth covers 2.4–2.48 GHz, and the peak gain is 8.09 dBi. The peak specific absorption rate of 1 g and 10 g of human tissue at an input power of 350 mW is 1.48 W kg−1 and 0.65 W kg−1, respectively, which meets the safety standards.
Seeing Madness in the Archives
Authors: Lambe Ariel Mae 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
What does it mean for the historian to be silent about mental illness in her life and also to perceive silence about mental illness in the archives? This essay explores the significance of the historian seeing mental illness and ableism in the historical archive, in her family history, and in herself. It examines the significance of mad identity for the historian, her historical subjects, and the discipline of history more broadly. It celebrates breaking the silence ableism inflicts and asserting madness.