bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can a Checklist Protocol Improve Limb Lengthening?
Authors: Nogueira Monica Paschoal , Silva João Pedro Osseti Felicio , Paccola Ana Maria Ferreira , da Silva Prado Sandra Meire 
Published: August 2022

Background:
In recent years, hexapodal external fixators and telescopic nails have improved the accuracy of limb lengthening and correction of deformities. However, careful follow-up in the postoperative period is extremely important; complications are still frequent and directly interfere with patient's outcome.

Aims and Objectives:
We have developed a follow-up limb lengthening reconstruction checklist.

Materials and Methods:
Like a flight checklist, professionals systematically record relevant data in every postoperative visit, to improve clinical management during distraction and consolidating phases.

Results:
LLR-Checklist was used in 53 consecutive patients, from 2006 to 2020. Average age was 11 (2-45) years. A pattern was found in the 18 patients with fibular hemimelia in relation to the use of antibiotics. Superficial infection was common. 21% of patients had delayed ossification in the regenerate. 25% of patients had nerve injuries; 9,4% of them had nerve decompression, all had total recovery. Contractures and pain improved with physical therapy.

Conclusion:
This checklist can improve quality in the treatment and is a valuable teaching tool for young practitioners.
Construction a CO2 Incubator for Cell Culture with Capability of Transmitting Microwave Radiation
Authors: Tayebi-khorami Mansour , Chegeni Nahid , Birgani Maryam Tahmasebi , Danyaei Amir , Fardid Reza , Zafari Jaber 
Published: August 2022

Background:
The objective of this study was to design and construct a CO2 incubator with nonmetallic walls and to investigate the viability of the cells and microwave irradiance inside this incubator.

Methods:
Because the walls of conventional incubators are made of metal, this causes scattering, reflection, and absorption of electromagnetic waves. We decided to build a nonmetallic wall incubator to examine cells under microwave radiation. Incubator walls were made using polyvinyl chloride and Plexiglas and then temperature, CO2 pressure, and humidity sensors were placed in it. Atmel® ATmega1284, a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller, collects and analyzes the sensor information, and if the values are less or more than the specified limits, the command to cut off or connect the electric current to the heater or CO2 solenoid valve is sent. Using a fan inside the incubator chamber, temperature and CO2 are uniforms. The temperature of the points where the cell culture plates are placed was measured, and the temperature difference was compared. Ovarian cancer cells (A2780) were cultured in the hand-made and commercial incubators at different times, and cell viability was compared by the MTT method. Microwave radiation in the incubator was also investigated using a spectrum analyzer. The survival of cells after microwave irradiation in the incubator was measured and compared with control cells.

Results:
The data showed that there was no significant difference in temperature of different points in hand-made incubator and also there was no significant difference between the viability of cells cultured in the hand-made and commercial incubators. The survival of irradiated cells in the incubator was reduced compared to control cells, but this reduction was not significant.

Conclusion:
This incubator has the ability to maintain cells and study the effects of electromagnetic radiations on the desired cells, which becomes possible by using this device.
Using Classification and K-means Methods to Predict Breast Cancer Recurrence in Gene Expression Data
Authors: Sehhati Mohammadreza , Tabatabaiefar Mohammad Amin , Gholami Ali Haji , Sattari Mohammad 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Breast cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the breast tissue and affects about 10% of women at different stages of their lives. In this study, we applied a new method to predict recurrence in biological networks made from gene expression data.

Method:
The method includes the steps such as data collection, clustering, determining differentiating genes, and classification. The eight techniques consist of random forest, support vector machine and neural network, randomforest + k-means, hidden markov model, joint mutual information, neural network + k-means and suportvector machine + k-menas were implemented on 12172 genes and 200 samples.

Results:
Thirty genes were considered as differentiating genes which used for the classification. The results showed that random forest + k-means get better performance than other techniques. The two techniques including neural network + k-means and random forest + k-means performed better than other techniques in identifying high risk cases.

Conclusion:
Thirty of 12,172 genes are considered for classification that the use of clustering has improved the classification techniques performance.
Implementation and Validation of a Novel Noninvasive blood Pressure Measurement Algorithm Based on Oscillometric Method with Obtaining International Hypertension Standards
Authors: Karimian Sahar , Yazdchi Mohammadreza , Hajian Reza 
Published: August 2022

Background:
One of the most prevalent methods in noninvasive blood pressure (BP) measurement with cuff is oscillometric, which has two different types of deflation, including linear and step deflation. With this approach, in addition to designing a novel algorithm by the step deflation method, a sample of its module was constructed and validated during clinical tests in different hospitals.

Method:
In this study, by controlling the valve, the pressure would be deflated through optimized steps. By real-time processing on the obtained signal from the pressure sensor, pulses in each step would be extracted. After that, in offline mode, mean arterial pressure is estimated based on curve fitting.

Result:
A BP simulator, various modules, and an auditory method were used to validate the algorithm and its results. During clinical tests, 80 people (men and women), 11 dialysis patients, and 69 non-dialysis (healthy or with other diseases) in the age range of 17–85 years participated.

Conclusion:
The obtained results compared with the BP simulator are in the standard range according to the international medical standards of the British Hypertension Society (BHS) and the US Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI), which are the global standard of comparison in this field.
Statistical Inference of COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Tajmirriahi Mahnoosh , Amini Zahra , Kafieh Rahele , Rabbani Hossein , Mirzazadeh Ali , Javanmard Shaghayegh Haghjooy 
Published: August 2022

Background:
The world is experiencing another pandemic called COVID-19. Several mathematical models have been proposed to examine the impact of health interventions in controlling pandemic growth.

Method:
In this study, we propose a fractional order distributed delay dynamic system, namely, EQIR model. In order to predict the outbreak, the proposed model incorporates changes in transmission rate, isolation rate, and identification of infected people through time varying deterministic and stochastic parameters. Furthermore, proposed stochastic model considers fluctuations in population behavior and simulates different scenarios of outbreak at the same time. Main novelty of this model is its ability to incorporate changes in transmission rate, latent periods, and rate of quarantine through time varying deterministic and stochastic assumptions. This model can exactly follow the disease trend from its beginning to current situation and predict outbreak future for various situations.

Results:
Parameters of this model were identified during fitting process to real data of Iran, USA, and South Korea. We calculated the reproduction number using a Laplace transform-based method. Results of numerical simulation verify the effectiveness and accuracy of proposed deterministic and stochastic models in current outbreak.

Conclusion:
Justifying of parameters of the model emphasizes that, although stricter deterrent interventions can prevent another peak and control the current outbreak, the consecutive screening schemes of COVID-19 plays more important role. This means that the more diagnostic tests performed on people, the faster the disease will be controlled.
The Design of an Audit Test for 60Co Brachytherapy Treatment Planning System
Authors: Birgani Mohammad Javad Tahmasebi , Khorshidsavar Hadis , Bagheri Ali , Danyaei Amir , Abdalvand Neda 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Auditing the treatment planning system (TPS) software for a radiotherapy unit is of paramount importance in any radiation therapy department. A Plexiglas phantom was proposed to measure the ionization of 60Co high dose rate (HDR) source and compare dose points in the planning system for auditing and verifying TPS.

Methods:
Auditing was performed using a Plexiglas phantom in an end-to-end test, and relative dose points were detected by a farmer-type ionization chamber and compared with the relative dose of similar points in TPS. The audit results were determined as pass optimal level (<3.3%), pass action level (between 3.3% and 5%), and out of tolerance (>5%).

Results:
The comparison of the collected data revealed that 80% of the measured values were ≤5% in the pass level, and 20% of the points were out of tolerance (between 5% and 6.99%).

Conclusion:
This study documented the appropriateness of the dosimetry audit test and this phantom design for the HDR brachytherapy TPS.
A Study on the Health and Socioeconomic Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic and Barriers to Self-management of Diabetes during the Lockdown among Rural Residents of South India
Authors: Lakshmi Natarajan , Anjana Ranjit Mohan , Siddiqui Moneeza , Sonie Sait , Pearson Ewan R. , Doney Alexander , Palmer Colin N. A. , Mohan Viswanathan , Pradeepa Rajendra 
Published: August 2022

Aim:
To study the health and socioeconomic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and to assess the barriers to self-management of diabetes during the lockdown, in rural South India.

Materials and Methods:
Details of demographic, social, economic, migration and health status were collected using a structured questionnaire from participants aged ≥18 years belonging to the 21 villages of Chengalpattu and Kancheepuram districts of Tamil Nadu state in south India as part of the Telemedicine pRoject for screENing Diabetes and its complications in rural Tamil Nadu (TREND) study. From the 11,249 TREND participants, a random list of 25% (n = 2812) was system-generated using random numbers and 2812 participants were contacted for the study, of whom 2511 individuals participated. Telephonic interviews were conducted during the lockdown from June to August 2020. Further, qualitative interviews(Focus group discussions) were conducted among 27 individuals with diabetes between September and December 2020. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results:
The mean age of the study population was 43 ± 14 years and 50.4% were women. Diabetes was present in 14.7%, hypertension in 31.9%, generalized and abdominal obesity in 33.3% and 46.5% respectively. When the lockdown was implemented in March 2020, 37% had migrated from urban to rural areas. Lack of daily wage jobs (68%), price of essential commodities (41.7%), social distancing/curfew (34.8%), mental fatigue/depression (14.7%), and loss of job (7.1%) were some reasons stated for their adverse social and financial circumstances. People with diabetes stated that they had to avoid or cut down their regular hospital visits due to travel restrictions. Many of the patients took the same medications for almost a year.

Conclusion:
Unemployment, poor mental health, and reduced household income were the most significant negative impacts faced by rural residents during the lockdown due to COVID-19. People with diabetes experienced disruptions in diabetes management due to the pandemic.
Electrocardiographic Changes in Pregnant Women with COVID-19
Authors: Yousefzadeh Mojtaba , Asgarian Azadeh , Ahangari Roghayeh , Vahedian Mostafa , Mirzaie Monireh 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
One of the unique challenges for obstetricians in pregnancy is cardiovascular changes. This study aimed to evaluate electrocardiographic (ECG) changes in mothers with COVID-19.

Materials and Methods:
In a retrospective study, 89 pregnant women with positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for COVID-19, between 19 and 44 years old, were selected for the study, and 12 lead ECGs were extracted and recorded from the medical documents for all cases and all parameters analyzed.

Results:
Of the 89 patients that met inclusion criteria, only eight patients were admitted to intensive care unit. Of all, 64 cases (71.9%) had normal ECG, three patients showed atrioventricular (AV) block (3.4%), and three patients had first-degree AV block type (PR interval >200 ms). The mean QTC interval was 428.6 ± 37.4 ms and 15 (17%) patients had long QTC intervals (QTC ≥460 ms). There was a significant relationship between antivirus treatment (P = 0.027), as well as hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) with PR interval (P = 0.002). A significant relationship was found between corticosteroids with QTC (P = 0.019) and antibiotics with QTC (P = 0.018).

Conclusion:
A significant association between corticosteroids usage and QTC interval as well as antiviral and HCQ treatment with PR interval. These changes during pregnancy and COVID-19 should be interpreted with caution by physicians. Understanding changes in electrocardiography can help in better and early diagnosis and management of pregnant mothers to prevent adverse outcomes.
Umbilical Artery Doppler Reference Indices in Normal Pregnancy
Authors: Okochi Owoicho Daniel , Isah Aliyu Yabagi , Kolade-Yunusa Hadijat Oluseyi , Abdullahi Habiba Ibrahim 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Umbilical artery Doppler (UAD) studies offer a noninvasive method of indirectly assessing the fetal and uteroplacental circulation. However, the umbilical artery (UA) velocimetry reference currently in use was established in developed countries and derived from pregnant women that are likely to have had different biophysical characteristics. There is a need to develop an UA index nomogram for the indigenous pregnant population.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to determine the UAD reference indices among women with normal singleton pregnancy.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of 422 women with uncomplicated pregnancies who attended the antenatal clinic of the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital with pregnancy ages between 28 and 40 weeks' gestation. The systolic and diastolic (S/D) ratio, the resistance index (RI), and the pulsatility index (PI) of the UA were obtained.

Results:
The mean UAD showed a progressive decrease with increasing fetal gestational age with S/D ratio, PI, and RI being 3.05 ± 0.28, 1.07 ± 0.1, and 0.68 ± 0.05 at 28 weeks and 2.10 ± 0.17, 0.73 ± 0.09, and 0.52 ± 0.04 at 40 weeks, respectively. Estimated reference values for relatively normal singleton fetuses S/D ratio, PI, and RI were 2.98, 1.03, and 0.67 and 2.07, 0.72, and 0.52 at 28 and 40 weeks of gestation, respectively. The S/D ratio (r = [FIGURE DASH]0.741, P≤ 0.002), PI (r = [FIGURE DASH]0.694, P≤ 0.001), and RI (r = [FIGURE DASH]0.366, P≤ 0.001) were significantly different from the existing reference value of 3.02 (S/D ratio), 1.05 (PI), and 0.62 (RI) and 2.18 (S/D ratio), 0.82 (PI), and 0.52 (RI). The respective existing values were at 28 weeks and 40 weeks of gestation.

Conclusion:
The UA index nomogram obtained from this study showed significantly lower values compared with the existing values, and therefore, it is advocated for use among African pregnant population.
Experience with Percutaneous Drainage of Body Fluids in a Tertiary Center in Benin City
Authors: Igbinedion Blessing O. , Ehigiamusoe Festus , Agbebaku Esongboriaimen Mabel 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Percutaneous drainage is the evacuation of body fluids either using needle aspiration or by catheter placement under imaging guidance. Abnormal collections in the body which may be idiopathic, postinfectious, posttraumatic, or postsurgical (iatrogenic) can be free (e.g., ascites) or loculated (e.g. cysts and abscesses). Most cases of significant fluid accumulation require evacuation. Interventional radiology offers treatment and even cure to such patients who may be too ill to withstand surgery or not able to afford the cost of open surgery. The aim of this article is to review the common percutaneous drainage procedures done in the Radiology department of the University of Benin teaching hospital.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective analysis of percutaneous drainage requests to the department of radiology of the hospital from January 2017 to march 2020 was performed. Data on age, gender, clinical diagnosis, the radiologic findings, procedures, and instrumentation utilized were retrieved and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23.

Results:
A total of 49 patients' data were recruited for this study; 40 (81.6%) were female. The most common indication for intervention was liver abscess (14.3%), followed by liver cyst, endometriosis, obstructive jaundice, and pelvic abscess. The IV cannula/sheath was the most widely used instrument, followed by the pigtail catheter. All patients had their procedures done under antibiotic cover and the cases of hepatic cysts had albendazole added to their drug regimen.

Conclusion:
Despite the limited availability of resources for interventional radiology, basic procedures like cyst and abscess drainages can be successfully carried out using available materials and catheters.
The Value of Cross-Sectional Imaging in Evaluation of Stroke Patients
Authors: Dahiru Yunusa , Umar Umar H , Aminu Usman U , Suleiman Suleiman T , Ibinaiye Philip Oluleke , Dahiru Aminu M. C , Hadiza Yusuf 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Due to poor availability of functional cross-sectional imaging in the developing countries, cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and its management has continued to be a major health problem. The need for cross-sectional imaging such as computed tomography (CT) of the brain for the exclusion of stroke mimics and for therapeutic decision cannot be overemphasized.

Materials and Methods:
This was a prospective case study conducted at the Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe, from June 2016 to December 2016. One hundred and thirty patients who presented with clinical features and provisional diagnosis of CVA (also known as stroke) and were referred to the radiology department for brain CT were consecutively selected. A total of 111 had CT scan features of acute stroke, 6 had brain atrophy, 8 had intracranial space-occupying lesions, and 5 were normal brain scan. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 package. P≤ 0.05 and a confidence interval of 95% were adapted for the statistical analysis. All comparisons of variables were done applying kappa statistical analysis.

Results:
There were 81 (62%) males and 49 (38%) females aged 18–80 years (mean ± standard deviation of 57.49 ± 13.47 years). About 15% (19) of the patients had a diagnosis other than stroke (stroke mimics). One hundred and eleven (85%) had a stroke, of which 94 (84.7%) were ischemic stroke, while the remaining 17 (15.3%) were hemorrhagic stroke. This study also found a discordance between clinical and CT diagnosis of stroke and stroke subtypes; κ = 0.289.

Conclusion:
The clinical diagnosis of stroke and stroke subtypes may not be reliable without neuroimaging, and the need for CT scan for proper evaluation of stroke patients is well justified.
Radiology Request Form
Authors: Robinson Ebbi Donald , Ijeruh Olukumni Yetunde , Wonodi Woroma , Abam Rufus , Wekhe Chidinma 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
Radiology request form (RRF) is a medical referral to a radiologist requesting input concerning the diagnosis, treatment, follow-up of patients, and intervention where necessary. The RRF usually provides information on the patient(s) and the investigation(s) being requested.

Methodology:
This was a cross-sectional descriptive study, in which request forms were retrospectively reviewed over a period of 6 months in the Radiology Department of the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital. A total of 1131 request forms filled by medical doctors were analyzed to ascertain the degree of completeness of filling the forms. The data were collated and analyzed using the IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23. The results were expressed in simple percentages, frequencies, and presented in tables, charts, and graphs.

Results:
Ultrasonography was the most requested radiologic investigation (55.4%), while X-ray and computed tomography scan account for 41.4% and 1.1%, respectively. Majority of the forms had adequately entered date of request (97.7%) and required investigation and patient's names (99.6%). Patient's age was appropriately entered in 51.9% of cases, while 34.1% kept the space blank. Clinical information was indicated in 50.8% of the forms, while 97.2% did not include history of patient's allergy as regards the use of radiopharmaceutical agents. The patient's consultant and resident's doctor names were appropriately entered in 72.1% and 81.7% of the request forms, respectively. Signature authentication by the resident doctor is available in 13.2% of the request forms.

Conclusion:
It was observed that majority of the RRFs were not completely and appropriately filled; thus, complete information regarding the patient is not provided to the radiologist to enhance report accuracy. Clinical information if adequately provided can improve the quality of patient management, follow-up, training, and research.
KUYUMCULUK DÖKÜM TEKNİĞİNİ UYGULAYAN ATÖLYELERDE TASARIM, ÜRETİM VE PAZARLAMA DURUMLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: ERGÜN Birsen 
Published: August 2022

Araştırmanın amacı, kuyumculuk sanatında mum kalıba alma ve döküm tekniğini uygulayan atölyelerde çalışan ustaların tasarım, üretim ve pazarlama durumları hakkında görüşlerinin anket yolu ile değerlendirilmesidir.
Araştırmanın örneklemini, İstanbul ve Ankara’dan rastgele seçilen 30 kuyumcu atölyesi ve çalışanları oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışanlara araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan anket formları uygulanmıştır. Anketlerden elde edilen verilerden frekans ve yüzde hesaplamaları yapılmıştır.
Araştırma sonucunda; İstanbul ve Ankara’da bulunan döküm atölyelerinde döküm makinelerinin gelişmiş olduğu, atölye araç ve gereçlerinin yeterli sayıda bulunduğu görülmüştür. Gelişen teknolojinin de katkılarıyla tasarım ve döküm tekniğinin de hayli ilerlediği görülmüştür. Altın ve gümüş dökümcülüğünün eskiye oranla şimdi daha iyi olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca incelenen atölyelerde kişilerle görüşme sonucunda pazarlamada işçilik kalitesi ve fiyatın önemli birer unsur olduğu düşünülmektedir.