bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Child Stimulation, Linear Growth and Neurodevelopment in Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Upadhyay Ravi Prakash , Taneja Sunita , Strand Tor Arne , Sommerfelt Halvor , Hysing Mari , Mazumder Sarmila , Bhandari Nita , Martines Jose , Dua Tarun , Kariger Patricia , Bahl Rajiv 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

Children with low birth weight (LBW) are at risk of linear growth faltering and developmental deficits. Evidence suggests that early child stimulation and care reflected as responsive caregiving and opportunities for learning can promote development. The current analysis aimed to measure the extent to which linear growth and early child stimulation modify each other’s association with neurodevelopmental outcomes among LBW infants.
Methods

This is a secondary data analyses from a randomized controlled trial on the effect of community-initiated kangaroo mother care in LBW infants on their neurodevelopment at 12 months of corrected age. Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development was used to assess cognitive, motor and language scores. Stimulation at home was assessed by the Pediatric Review of Children’s Environmental Support and Stimulation (PROCESS) tool. PROCESS scores were categorized into three groups: < Mean-1SD (low stimulation); Mean ±1 SD (moderate stimulation) and > mean + 1SD (high stimulation).
Results

A total of 516 infants were available for neurodevelopment assessments. Interactions were observed between length for age z-score (LAZ) and PROCESS score categories. In the low stimulation group, the adjusted regression coefficients for the association between LAZ and cognitive, motor and language scores were substantially higher than in the moderate and high stimulation group. Stimulation was positively associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes in both stunted and non-stunted infants; however, the association was twice as strong in stunted than in non-stunted.
Conclusion

Moderate to high quality stimulation may alleviate the risk of sub-optimal development in LBW infants with linear growth deficits
Clinical Trial Registration:

The primary trial whose data are analysed is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02631343)
Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1) Outbreaks In Poultry In Egypt (2006 To 2017)
Authors: Elsobky Yumna , Afandi Gamal El , Salama Akram , Byomi Ahmed , Omar Muhammad , Eltholth Mahmoud 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: In Egypt, the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype H5N1 is endemic and possesses a severe impact on the poultry. To provide a better understanding of the distributional characteristics of HPAI H5N1 outbreaks in Egypt, this study aimed to explore the spatiotemporal pattern and identify clusters of HPAI H5N1 outbreaks in Egypt from 2006 to 2017. Results: The Epidemic curve (EC) was constructed through time series analysis; in which six epidemic waves (EWs) were revealed. Outbreaks mainly started in winter peaked in March and ended in summer. However, newly emerged thermostable clades (2.2.1.1 and 2.2.1.2) during the 4th EW enabled the virus to survive and cause infection in warmer months with a clear alteration in the seasonality of the epidemic cycle in the 5th EW. The endemic situation became more complicated by the emergence of new serotypes. As a result, the EC ended up without any specific pattern since the 6th EW to now. The spatial analysis showed that the highest outbreak density was recorded in the Nile Delta considering it as the 'Hot spot' region. By the 6th EW, the outbreak extended to include the Nile valley. From spatiotemporal cluster epidemics, clustering in the Delta was a common feature in all EWs with primary clusters consistently detected in the hot-spot region, but the location and size varied with each EW. The highest Relative Risk (RR) regions in an EW were noticed to contain the primary clusters of the next EW and were found to include stopover sites for migratory wild birds. They were in Fayoum, Dakahlia, Qalyobiya, Sharkia, Kafr_Elsheikh, Giza, Behera, Menia, and BeniSuef governorates. Transmission of HPAI H5N1 occurred from one location to another directly resulted in a series of outbreaks forming neighboring secondary clusters. The absence of geographical borders between the governorates in addition to non-restricted movements of poultry and low vaccination and surveillance coverage contributed to the wider spread of infection all over Egypt and to look like one epidemiological unit Conclusion: Our findings may be helpful to better understand the characteristics of HPAI H5N1 outbreaks and the distribution of outbreak risk, which can be used for effective disease control strategies.
Microplastics in Muskoka-Haliburton Headwater Lakes, Ontario, Canada
Authors: Welsh Brittany , Aherne Julian , Paterson Andrew M , Yao Huaxia , McConnell Chris 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Microplastics (mp) are a growing environmental concern due to their ubiquity in terrestrial and aquatic environments. Nonetheless, there is limited knowledge on their abundance in lakes in rural areas. In this study, we surveyed 14 headwater lakes in Muskoka-Haliburton, Ontario, to assess the spatial and temporal variability of microplastics. The average microplastic concentration across the study lakes was 1.78 mp/L during May–June 2019, with limited spatial variability (coefficient of variation = 22%). Further, microplastic abundance was weakly correlated with lake area (rs: 0.469), the number of shoreline residences (rs: 0.399), and watershed area (rs: 0.350), suggesting that diffusive inputs, such as atmospheric deposition, were the dominant source of microplastics to the study lakes. In contrast, microplastics showed a distinct temporal (seasonal) variability, as the average concentration in August 2019 (0.91 mp/L) was significantly lower (p<0.05) compared with May and June 2019. While microplastic abundance was generally higher in the metalimnion (0.70 mp/L) and epilimnion (0.67 mp/L), there was no significant difference by stratified layer. The annual percent removal of microplastics in lake sediment was estimated to be 14%, suggesting that for most of the study lakes, sediment burial was not a dominant sink for microplastics. Effective management of microplastic pollution requires an understanding of the interlinkages between microplastics in the atmosphere, lake water, and sediment. In rural areas, microplastic abundance appears to be dominated by atmospheric inputs, suggesting limited need for spatial monitoring. Temporal monitoring however is required to understand seasonal changes and long-term trends in microplastic abundance and delivery.
Three-dimensional Relationships between Condylar Volume and Dentoskeletal Characteristics in Class II Hyperdivergent Female Adults
Authors: xie Bingjie , Tian Ye , Huang Lingyi , Feng Anna , Han Xianglong , Li Juan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: To determine the difference among various volume of condylar osseous patterns and the corresponding dentoskeletal characteristics in TMD high-risk groups. Methods: Craniofacial spiral computed tomography data of 60 Class II hyperdivergent female adults were divided into normal, resorptive, flattened, and osteophyte groups based on condylar osseous forms. The condylar volume of each group was compared, and their correlations with dentoskeletal characteristics were assessed in three-dimensions. Results: 1. The condylar volume of the normal group was significantly greater than that of the changed group. There were no significant differences among the changed subgroups. 2. The decrease in condylar volume was associated with a more retruded and clockwise rotated mandible with shorter rami. 3. The condylar volume was negatively correlated with overjet, the alveolar height of lower anterior teeth and posterior teeth, the sagittal inclinations of lower teeth, the buccal inclination and intermolar width of mandibular first molars, and the width between the corresponding alveolar crests. Conclusion: Multiple three-dimensional dentoskeletal characteristics of Class II hyperdivergent female adults are correlated to condylar bony changes regardless of changing forms. These results could be helpful in indicating potential pathological changes of TMJ and making proper treatment plans for these patients.
Molecular Cloning And Characterization of An Alpha-Amylase Inhibitor (Tkaai) Gene From Trichosanthes Kirilowii Maxim
Authors: Zhang Yipeng , Wang Keyue , Huang Qiyuan , Shu Shaohua 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim., taxonomically belongs to the Cucurbitaceae and Trichosanthes genus, and whose whole fruit, fruit peel, seed and root are widely used in traditional Chinese medicines (TCM). A ribosome-inactivating protein with RNA N-glycosidase activity called Trichosanthrip was isolated and purified from the seeds of T. kirilowii in the previous research. To further explore the biological functions of Trichosanthrip, the cDNA of T. kirilowii AAI (TkAAI) was cloned through rapid-amplification of cDNA ends and its sequence was analyzed, as well as the heterologous protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and its alpha-amylase activity was further measured under optimized conditions. The full-length cDNA of TkAAI was 613 bp, the speculated open reading frame sequence encodes 141 amino acids with a molecular weight of 16.14 kDa. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the AAI_SS domain sequence of TkAAI revealed significant evolutionary homology with the of 2S albumin derived from the other plants in Cucurbitaceae. In addition, TkAAI was assembled into pET28a with eGFP to generate a prokaryotic expression vector and induced to express in E. coli. The TkAAI-eGFP infusion protein was proven to exhibit alpha-amylase inhibitory activity against porcine pancreatic amylase (PPA) in a suitable reaction system. Analysis of gene expression patterns proved that the relative expression level of TkAAI in seeds is highest. Above results forecast that the TkAAI might play a crucial role during the development of T. kirilowii seeds and provide insights into the possibility of T.kirilowii-derived medicine to treat diabetes related diseases.
Mesoscopic fabric evolution and macro deformation response of crushed gangue under different confining pressures: disposal and recovery of gangue solid waste as filler
Authors: Chen Liang , Li Junmeng , Zhang Dongsheng , Fan Gangwei , Zhang Wei , Guo Yachao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The irregular shape of gangue blocks will affect the coordination structure between blocks in the crushed gangue accumulation body, and then affect the engineering mechanical properties of crushed gangue in the process of load-bearing compression. In this paper, through CT scanning experiment, particle flow numerical simulation experiment, and comprehensive application of image processing, 3D reconstruction, FLAC/PFC3D continuum - discrete coupling technology, the gangue digital 3D model and the numerical model of crushed gangue particle flow under triaxial compression condition considering the real shape of the block were obtained. The microscopic fabric evolution law and macroscopic deformation response characteristics of crushed gangue considering triaxial compression condition and different confining pressures were studied. The results show that: (1) the bearing capacity of crushed gangue materials increases with the increase of confining pressure; (2) the block aggregate in the gangue sample is gradually compacted, and the lateral deformation of the sample is changed from “extruding to the axis” to “bulging to the periphery”; (3) the vertical movement of the block decreases gradually from the top to the bottom of the sample, and there is a “triangle area” of block displacement at the top and bottom of the sample; the larger the confining pressure, the smaller the vertical displacement range at the top of the sample; (4) the process of “instability and failure - optimization and reconstruction” of skeleton force chain structure occurs constantly; with the increase of confining pressure, the stability of skeleton force chain structure and the bearing capacity of crushed gangue sample increases; (5) under the same strain state, the greater the confining pressure, the higher the fragmentation degree of the sample. This study reveals the internal mechanism of macro deformation of crushed gangue under the triaxial compression from the perspective of the mesoscopic fabric evolution. The research results are of great significance for the selection of crushed gangue in engineering application. In addition, the research results also have important practical significance for promoting the reasonable disposal and resource utilization of gangue solid waste and protecting the ecological environment of mining areas.
RETRACTED: Dietary Effects of Free Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Supplementation On the Production Performance, Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor-A and Nutrient Digestibility in 50-80 Day Old Pigs
Authors: Pamulaklakin Darcy Revilleza , Angeles Amado Aguilar , Agbisit Elpidio Malcaba , Reyes Francis Carlo Castro , Reyes James William Castro 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Effects of Environmental Enrichment on Some Growth, Carcass, and Behavioral Parameters of Native Turkish Geese
Authors: Taskin Atilla , Karadavut Ufuk , Dogan Esma , ERGUN Demirel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The aim of the study is to examine the performance and carcass characteristics and some behavioral parameters of geese reared in the areas created by using some objects for environmental enrichment (EE) purpose. For this purpose, a total of 72 one-day-old goose goslings of both sexes were used. Geese were accommodated collectively for the first four weeks, then they were divided in three groups in 3 repetitions according to the EE applications and these were expressed as control (C), broom (B), and mirror (M). At the end of 14th week, live weight (LW), beak length (BL), wing length (WL), head diameter (HD), foot width (FW), body temperature (BT), warm carcass (WC), and cold carcass (CC) weights as well as warm and cold pH values (WpH&CpH), and tonic immobility duration (TID) of the groups were measured. Responses presented during the TI test were expressed as non-responses (NR), medium responses (MR), and high responses (HR). Among the groups, group M had the lowest value (110.08±10.69 s) in terms of TID (P > 0.05). Differences in terms of NR, MR, and HR were significant (P > 0.05). The differences between the groups were not statistically significant in terms of the other characteristics (P < 0.05). As a result, it was determined that geese reared by using the EE objects were affected by such environments, however, there were differences between the groups in terms of fear and stress parameters without having any negative effects on yield.
Characterization of VvmiR166s-Targets Modules and their Interaction Mechanism in Modulation of GA-Induced Grape Seedless Berry Process
Authors: Xuan Xuxian , Bai Yunhe , Abdelrahman Mostafa , Zhang Xiaowen , Tang Wei , Xie Zhenqiang , Dong Tianyu , Liu Zhongjie , Zhang Chuan , Fang Jinggui , Wang Chen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
GA (Gibberellin) is one key hormone of inducing grape seedless berries. VvmiR166s were revealed to be the important regulator of responding to GA in grapes, but their roles remain unclear yet. Here, the precise sequences of VvmiR166s and their potential targets VvREV, VvHB15 and VvHOX32, were determined in grape cv. ‘Rosario Bianco’. The cleavage interactions and variations of VvmiR166s:(VvHB15, VvHOX32, VvREV) were validated by RLM-RACE and PPM-RACE. Promoters cis-elements analysis supported that VvMIR166s and targets containing similar GA-related cis-elements, might play roles in responding to GA.Subsequently, spatio-temporal expression modes analysis of VvMIR166s and their targets in grape berries suggest that, almost all VvMIR166s possessed the lowest expression level at 46DAF (stone hardening stage) in seeds and peels under GA treatment except for VvMIR166h. Interestingly, their target gene VvHB15 exhibited the opposite expression, indicating that GA promoted the negative regulatory roles of VvmiR166s on VvHB15. Subsequently, over-expressions of VvMIR166b/h in Tobaccos, decreased the expression of its target VvHB15 and obviously strengthened some key genes in lignin synthesis pathway, while over-expression of VvHB15 showed the reverse regulatory modes, confirming that VvmiR166b/h might be amongst main factors of regulating lignin synthesis by mediating the expression of VvHB15. The results was deduced a key signal pathway of “GA-VvmiR166b/h-VvHB15- lignin synthesis genes”. Our findings revealed a novel insight into the roles of VvmiR166s response to GA in modulating the lignin synthesis of grape seed-stone development, which is essential for the molecular breeding of seedless grape berry.
Insight to Cellulose - Polycarboxylic Acid Intermolecular Interactions Using TG and DSC Thermal Analysis Tools
Authors: Amarasekara Ananda S , Lawrence Yen Maroney , Nwankwo Victor C. , Shamim Nabila 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Interactions between polycarboxylic acids and cellulose was evaluated by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) profiles of their mixtures. TGA, DSC of cellulose and acids were recorded as baseline data and peak shifts were calculated by subtracting the peak maximum values of cellulose from that of cellulose-polycarboxylic acid mixtures. In TGA, DL-tartaric and citric acid with cellulose mixtures showed the largest positive shifts of +58 and +23 °C in the derivative-TGA second peak. In addition, DL-tartaric and citric acid showed the smallest cellulose DTGA peak 1 area/peak 2 area ratios of 0.50 and 1.58 respectively. In DSC the largest cellulose dehydration peak shifts of +39 and +21 °C were recorded for DL-tartaric and citric acids. In acids studied, polycarboxylic acids with one or more hydroxyl groups are more strongly interacting with cellulose in the solid state. The strong interactions of these acids are probably due to their ability to wrap round the polysaccharide chains forming multiple hydrogen bonding between -COOH and -OH of acid with -OH groups of cellulose.
Quantitative Data Collection Approaches in Subject-Reported Oral Health Research: A Scoping Review
Authors: Maida Carl , Xiong Di , Marcus Marvin , Zhou Linyu , Huang Yilan , Lyu Yuetong , Shen Jie , Osuna-Garcia Antonia , Liu Honghu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

The era of modern information technology enables multiple methods and modes of collecting self-reported oral health information. The scope of the use of these various modalities has not been well classified or summarized, therefore it is necessary to study the degree to which various technologies were used to collect oral health outcomes and related data. This paper reports on a scoping review of the range of data collection methods in quantitative research to measure self-reported oral health status. All methods of data collection were assessed; papers whose methodologies employed newer technologies were identified.
Method

The review was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) with the search on four online bibliographic databases. We analyzed peer-reviewed articles and reviews published between 2011 and September 2021 to determine data collection methods. Eligible publications were required to use quantitative methods that have a principal objective of measuring self-assessed oral health status, and/or oral health-related quality of life.
Result

We examined the past decade-long trends and found that there has been an increased interest in assessing self-reported oral health and oral health related quality of life data, a dominance of impact measures used, and the application of technologies to the methods. We found that 50 percent of all papers focused mainly on an impact measure. Technologies used included: computer-generated sample populations through polling techniques and crowd-sourcing software; together with tablets and computers to assist in data collection.
Conclusion

The study provides an overview of methods and modes to collect self-reported oral health data, especially with emerging technologies. Contemporary web-based approaches offer enhanced opportunities for survey research to boost recruitment, participation of study subjects with wide and diverse backgrounds from almost unlimited geographic areas, and efforts to improve quality by assuring increased response rates and reducing bias, especially in longitudinal studies. Several studies with strong standard methods of conducting oral health studies that have been successfully collecting these data for years were often not likely to adopt newer technologies because computer access is not available to their populations.
Analysis of Factors Affecting Firm-Level Innovation Activity in Ethiopian firm
Authors: abibo abebaw , Muchie Mammo , Sime Zerayehu , Ezezew Wondemhunegn 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Many countries use, apply, and emphasize innovation policies to promote long-term development by building a knowledge economy focused on a skilled and well-paid workforce. Ethiopian firms have to learn to engage effectively in innovation activities to be able to create innovative products, processes, and services to make the SME ecosystem very active, capable, and efficient. The firm’s engagement in innovative activities must become mandatory. Firms must not lose their market share and customers in the future as a result of a shift in demand from existing customers for new technology. As a result, research was conducted to identify the fundamental factors influencing the success of innovations and to discover, provide, and forward workable solutions to Ethiopia's evolving firms. The data sources for firm-level innovation used in this paper are based on the Enterprise Survey conducted by the World Bank (WBES, 2011 and 2015). The WBES currently covers over 644 firms in 2011 and 862 in 2015. 372 firms have been used in the panel data survey. The factors affecting Ethiopian firms' innovativeness are then investigated using a panel regression model. Panel data regression can assist to control dependent variables on an in the dependent variable. The factors affecting Ethiopian firms' innovativeness are then investigated using a panel regression model. The paper explored Ethiopian firms' innovation by examining both the positive and negative factors that influence the variables such as training, R&D participation, education, and certification of a quality product that influence the innovation value chain. The paper suggests that firm owners and the government invest more in R & D involvement, training for workers who create new ideas, and the development of a firm website to boost innovation.