bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Students’ perception on online learning during COVID pandemic in a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Tekulapally Kranti 
Published: January 2022

Medical and Dental students are exposed to online classes for the first time during the COVID pandemic. The current study was planned to understand their perceptions about these online classes in contrast to classroom teaching and suggest strategies to improve them.A cross-sectional study was carried out among all the students of Malla Reddy Medical College for Women and Malla Reddy Dental College for Women during September 2020. The study questionnaire containing 20 questions was prepared, prevalidated and distributed to all the study participants as google form. Data from completed questionnaires was entered into an excel sheet and analyzed using descriptive statistics.Analysis of data from 279 students revealed that the 69% of the students used smartphones to attend online classes, 96% of them reported having internet problems and 42% of the students enjoyed the online classes. Understanding of the topic and knowledge gained during online classes were rated average and above average by 59% and 53% of the students respectively. Many students felt that long screen hours have made the classes less interesting and caused health issues like headaches, eyestrain, and backache. They also felt that online classes were less interactive and did not provide much clinical and practical knowledge.Students showed a negative response to online classes. There is a need to make online classes more interactive and interesting by using certain strategies like problem-solving activities, quizzes, discussions, surveys, and polls. Faculty should be trained in good online teaching practices to ensure its success.
Trudności i wyzwania działań z zakresu promocji zdrowia wśród osób bezdomnych
Authors: Pawlak-Sobczak Katarzyna 
Published: January 2022

Bezdomność jest tego rodzaju kryzysem w życiu człowieka, który bardzo silnie wpływa na działania jednostki we wszystkich wymiarach zdrowia, na jej codzienne wybory i hierarchię potrzeb. Walka o przetrwanie i konieczność zaspokojenia podstawowych potrzeb wyklucza koncentrowanie się na własnym zdrowiu i dbanie o jego dobry stan, a wręcz nierzadko sprzyja jego pogorszeniu. Problem stanu zdrowia osób bezdomnych i przyjęty przez nie styl życia najdobitniej pokazuje, że promocja zdrowia nie może ograniczyć się tylko do chwytliwych medialnych haseł czy prostych wskazówek, jak zdrowo żyć. Wymaga uwzględnienia szeregu różnych zmiennych, a nade wszystko całego kontekstu społecznego.
Celem przygotowanego artykułu jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie o możliwość i skuteczność działań z zakresu promocji zdrowia wśród grup wykluczonych na przykładzie osób w kryzysie bezdomności. Na podstawie badań własnych prowadzonych wśród podopiecznych schronisk dla bezdomnych w Łodzi (wywiady swobodne z ustrukturalizowaną listą pytań) i pracowników tychże placówek (wywiady swobodne pogłębione) autor stara się odpowiedzieć na pytanie, jaki jest stan wiedzy bezdomnych na temat prozdrowotnego stylu życia, jakie zachowania związane ze zdrowiem są charakterystyczne dla tej grupy, ale nade wszystko jakie czynniki wpływają na styl życia, w tym wybory zdrowotne, i kształtują stan zdrowia osób zepchniętych na margines społeczny.
Jones Fracture: A Late Sequelae of Undercorrected or Recurrent Congenital Talipes Equinovarus
Authors: Schoenfeldt Theodore L , Altiok Haluk 
Published: January 2022

Case:
We present 2 cases in which patients previously treated for congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) presented with residual cavovarus deformity and lateral foot pain and were found to have Jones fractures. Both patients were indicated for surgical correction of their residual cavovarus deformity, although neither elected to proceed. These 2 patients were treated conservatively for their fractures with cast immobilization. At the final follow-up, both were clinically and radiographically healed.

Conclusion:
Residual cavovarus foot deformities after the treatment of CTEV are at risk for proximal fifth metatarsal or Jones fractures. Although conservative management may lead to healing of these fractures, the underlying stresses persist after conservative management increasing the risk for recurrent fracture. Correction of the residual deformity should be the main goal.
Atraumatic Index Finger Flexor Tendon Rupture as a Presenting Sign of Capitate Osteonecrosis
Authors: Serra López Viviana M. , Koressel Joseph , Liu Stephen Y. , Steinberg David 
Published: January 2022

Case:
We present 2 cases of spontaneous index finger (IF) flexor tendon ruptures because of previously undiagnosed osteonecrosis (OA) of the capitate. Imaging revealed fragmentation of the capitate, and patients were treated with excision or fixation of the bony fragments with tendon repair. At the final follow-up, both patients had functional digital range of motion.

Conclusions:
OA of the capitate is relatively rare and may present as atraumatic (IF) flexor tendon ruptures because of attritional wear when associated with bony fragmentation.
The Impact of the Global and Local Awareness Diffusion on Epidemic Transmission Considering the Heterogeneity of Individual Influences
Authors: Xu Haidong , Zhao Ye , Han Dun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a coupled awareness - epidemic spreading model considering the heterogeneity of individual influences, which aims to explore the interaction between awareness diffusion and epidemic transmission. The considered heterogeneity of individual influences are threefold: the heterogeneity of individual influences in the information layer, the heterogeneity of individual influences in the epidemic layer and the heterogeneity of individual behavioral responses to epidemics. In addition, the individuals' receptive preference for information and the impacts of individuals' perceived local awareness ratio and individuals' perceived epidemic severity on self-protective behavior are included. The epidemic threshold is theoretically established according to the microscopic Markov chain approach and mean-field approach. Results indicate that the critical local and global awareness ratios have two-stage effects on the epidemic threshold. Besides, either the heterogeneity of individual influences in the information layer or the strength of individuals' responses to epidemics can influence the epidemic threshold with a nonlinear way. However, the heterogeneity of individual influences in the epidemic layer has few effect on the epidemic threshold, but can affects the magnitude of the final infected density.
Transitional Periodic Patterns and Triple Attractors in a Predator-Prey System with Fear and Refuge
Authors: Garai Shilpa , Pati N. C. , Layek G. C. , Pal Nikhil 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We report the existence of periodic structures in the transitional and chaotic regimes in bi-parameter spaces of a predator-prey system. A model is constructed taking into consideration of two important effects: namely, the prey refuge and fear of predation risk. The fixed points, their existence and stability behaviors are analyzed. The Neimark-Sacker bifurcation in the neighborhood of the interior fixed point is shown selecting refuge strength as a bifurcation parameter. The complex dynamical behaviors are explored in the biparameter space with the help of the largest Lyapunov exponent and isoperiodic diagrams. The period-bubbling transitional patterns, and triple heterogeneous attractors resulting in qualitative unpredictability are identified in the present system. The Wada basin sets for the triple coexisting attractors are found. The study reveals that the oscillations of the populations in certain control parameter regions are highly dependent upon the initial densities of the populations.
Error-related Signaling in Nucleus Accumbens D2 Receptor-expressing Neurons Guides Avoidance-based Goal-directed Behavior
Authors: Nishioka Tadaaki , Macpherson Tom , Hamaguchi Kosuke , Hikida Takatoshi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Learnt associations between environmental cues and the outcomes they predict (cue-outcome associations) play a major role in behavioral control, guiding not only which responses we should perform, but also which we should avoid, in order to achieve a specific goal. The encoding of such cue-outcome associations, as well as the performance of cue-guided goal-directed behavior, is thought to involve dopamine D1 and D2 receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (D1-/D2-MSNs) of the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Here, using a visual discrimination task in mice, we assessed the role of NAc D1-/D2-MSNs in cue-guided goal-directed avoidance of inappropriate responding. Cell-type specific neuronal silencing and in-vivo imaging revealed NAc D2-MSNs to selectively contribute to cue-guided avoidance behavior, with activation of NAc D2-MSNs following response error playing an important role in optimizing future goal-directed behavior. Our findings indicate that error-signaling by NAc D2-MSNs underlies the ability to use environmental cues to avoid inappropriate behavior.
Fuzzy Matrix Game: A Fast Approach using Artificial Hybrid Neural-Net Logic-Gate Switching Circuit
Authors: Bhaumik Ankan , Roy Sankar Kumar 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introducing neuro -fuzzy concept in decision making problems, makes a new way in artificial intelligence and expert systems. Sometimes, neural networks are used to optimize certain performances. In general, knowledge acquisition becomes difficult when problem's variables, constraints, environment, decision maker's attitude and complex behavior are encountered with. A sense of fuzziness prevails in these situations; sometimes numerically and sometimes linguistically. Neural networks (or neural nets) help to overcome this problem. Neural networks are explicitly and implicitly hyped to draw out fuzzy rules from numerical information and linguistic information. Logic-gate and switching circuit mobilize the fuzzy data in crisp environment and can be used in artificial neural network, also. Game theory has a tremendous scope in decision making; and consequently decision makers' hesitant characters play an important role in it. In this paper, a game situation is clarified under artificial neural network through logic-gate switching circuit in hesitant fuzzy environment with a suitable example; and this concept can be applied in future for real-life situations.
Demand-Driven Efforts to Stop Deforestation in Brazil's Soy Sector are Unlikely to be Offset by Cross-Border Leakage
Authors: Villoria Nelson , Garrett Rachael , Gollnow Florian , Carlson Kimberly 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Supply chain policies that leverage the upstream market power of trading companies and importing countries offer great promise to address forest clearing1,2 in regions of rapid commodity expansion but weak forest governance3,4. Yet leakage—when deforestation is not eliminated but instead pushed to other regions—is a potentially major but unquantified factor that could dilute the global effectiveness of regionally successful supply chain policies5,6. We find substantial domestic leakage rates (43-50%) induced by zero deforestation policy implementation in Brazil’s soy sector, but insignificant cross-border leakage (<3%) due to the interdependence of soy production in the U.S. and Brazil. Currently implemented zero-deforestation policies in the Brazilian soy sector offset 0.9% of global and 4% of Brazilian deforestation from 2011-2016. However, completely eliminating deforestation from the supply chains of all firms exporting soy to the EU or China over the same period could have reduced global deforestation by 2% and Brazilian deforestation by 9%. If major tropical commodity importers adopt policies that require traders to eliminate deforestation from their supply chains, as currently proposed in the EU, it could help bend the curve on global forest loss.
Analysis of the Therapeutic Effect of Artificial Leather Embedding Combined with Fascial Sleeve Flap Transplantation on Chronic Wounds of Lower Limbs with Bone and Plate Exposure
Authors: Li Yong , Zhang Zhi-bo , Liu Ji-song , Wu Zhu-min , Sun Xin-cheng , Zhao Yu-tin , Zhang Xiang-zhou 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: After severe trauma of lower limbs, bone、tendon or plate graft exposure is common.The traditional repair method is to use a variety of skin flap transplantation to cover the exposed part, but the wound often can not heal after operation, or the wound is cracked, ulcer, sinus, bone and steel plate are exposed again after wound healing.The reason for this result is that when the flap is covered, the space around the bone plate is not well closed, forming a dead cavity, blood and exudate accumulation, hematoma formation or infection, and finally the wound ruptures again. In addition, due to the swelling and contracture of the flap after operation, the suture tension between the flap and the receiving area becomes larger, the skin becomes thinner and broken, and then the wound is formed. In order to solve the above problems, we carried out the study of artificial true skin embedding combined with fascial sleeve flap transplantation in the treatment of chronic bone plate exposed wounds of lower limbs.Methods: In this paper, 11 cases of chronic wounds with bone exposure and skin necrosis after steel plate implantation were selected. First stage is the wound bed preparation including primary wound expansion,removal of necrotic tissue and incision of sinus wall, removal of deep necrotic bone and fibrotic scarred skin on the outer wall of steel plate to normal tissue on the outer edge of the wound, removal of precipitated peptone and purulent fur in the hole, periphery and bone space of the steel plate, and removal of tendon tissue with basal necrosis and disintegration of the wound. After vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) 1~2 weeks, the peritraumatic basal granulation tissue grew well and there was no necrotic tissue in the wound. In the second stage, the exposed bone was covered with artificial dermis, the steel plate hole or the periphery and the basal space were filled, and the exposed steel plate was completely embedded, and then the fascia sleeve flap was transplanted to cover the wound. The sural neurovascular flap was performed in 9 cases and the lateral superior malleolar artery perforator flap in 2 case. Results: The flap survived well in all 11 cases. During the follow-up of 6 months to the removal of the plate, there was no case of rupture, exposure and sinus formation.Conclusions: Artificial dermal covering combined with fascial sleeve flap transplantation can effectively avoid wound dehiscence or sinus formation caused by foreign body retention, infection and flap contracture,It has good effect in repairing chronic wounds with bone plate exposure after severe trauma of lower limbs.
Optimal Vortex Pinning in YBa2Cu3O7-x Superconducting Films Up to Very High Magnetic Fields
Authors: Vallès Ferran , Palau Anna , Abraimov Dmytro , Jaroszynski Jan , Constantinescu Anca-Monia , Mundet Bernat , Obradors Xavier , Larbalestier David , Puig Teresa 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The magnetic flux pinning capabilities of YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) coated conductors (CCs) vary strongly between different regions of the magnetic field-temperature (H-T) diagram and with the orientation of the magnetic field (θ). Here, we determine the optimal pinning landscape for a given H-T region by investigating the critical current density Jc(H,θ,T) in the 5-77 K temperature range, from self-field to very high magnetic fields (35 T). Our systematic analysis reveals the best directions to target to artificially engineer CCs in any region of interest. In solution-derived nanocomposites, we identify the relevance of coexisting high amounts of short stacking faults, Cu-O vacancy clusters and segmentation of twin boundaries, in combination with nanoparticles, for enhanced pinning performance at very high magnetic fields and low temperatures. Moreover, we demonstrate that twin boundaries preserve a high pinning energy in thick YBCO films, which is beneficial for the pinning performance at high magnetic fields and high temperatures.
Evaluation of High Penetration Hybrid Laser-GMAW Welding Process Productivity Applied in the Joining of Thick Plates and Pipelines
Authors: Silva Rafael Gomes Nunes , Rodrigues Max Baranenko , Pereira Milton , Faes Koen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Welding processes are present in all sectors of the industry, highlighting the manufacturing industry of thick plates and pipelines. In these applications, welding processes have a major influence on costs, schedules, risk analysis and project feasibility. Conventional arc welding processes, such as the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process, have limitations when applied to high thickness joints due to their maximum achievable penetration depth. On the other hand, the laser beam welding (LBW) welding process, despite reaching high penetration depths, has several limitations mainly regarding the geometric tolerance of the joint. In this regard, the hybrid laser-arc welding (HLAW) process emerges as a promising bonding process, combining the advantages of the GMAW and LBW processes into a single melting pool. Despite the many operational and metallurgical advantages, the HLAW process presents a high complexity due to the high number of parameters involved and the interaction between the laser beam and the electric arc. The present work discusses the challenges involved in the parametrization of the HLAW process applied to the joining of thick plates and pipes, and empirically evaluated a comparison between the HLAW and GMAW processes, showing a reduction of operating time of approximately 40 times, and a reduction of consumption of shielding gas and filler material of approximately 20 times, evidencing the technical and financial contribution of the hybrid process.
DNA Methylation Profiles of Immune Cells From Tuberculosis-Exposed Individuals Overlap With BCG-Induced Epigenetic Changes
Authors: Pehrson Isabelle , Idh Nina , Braian Clara , Paues Jakob , Das Jyotirmoy , Lerm Maria 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The mechanism of protection of the only approved tuberculosis (TB) vaccine, Bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG) is poorly understood. In recent years, epigenetic modifications induced by BCG have been demonstrated to reflect a state of trained immunity. The concept of trained immunity is now explored as a potential prevention strategy for a variety of infections. Studies on human TB immunity are dominated by those using peripheral blood as surrogate markers for immunity. Here, we instead studied the lung compartment by obtaining induced sputum from subjects included in a TB contact tracing. CD3- and HLA-DR-positive cells were isolated from the collected sputum and DNA methylome analyses performed. Unsupervised cluster analysis revealed that DNA methylomes of cells from TB-exposed individuals and controls appeared as separate clusters, and the numerous genes that were differentially methylated were functionally connected. The enriched pathways were strongly correlated to previously reported epigenetic changes and trained immunity in immune cells exposed to the BCG vaccine in human and animal studies. We further demonstrated that similar pathways were epigenetically modified in human macrophages trained with BCG in vitro. Altogether, our study demonstrates that similar epigenetic changes are induced by M. tuberculosis and BCG.
Correlates of preschoolers’ screen time in China: parental factors
Authors: Wang Xinyao , Ye Sunyue 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

With the advent of the electronic age, the long-term screen time (ST) of preschoolers in China is relatively high and is on the rise, which is likely to affect preschoolers’ physical and mental health. This study aimed to explore the factors influencing ST in preschoolers, especially the role of parental factors, and to provide a basis for the prevention, control, and intervention of ST in preschoolers in China.
Methods

A questionnaire was completed by the parents of 1,546 preschoolers from four kindergartens in Pinghu City, Zhejiang Province, China, and a logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlates of excessive ST in preschoolers.
Results

A total of 43.8% of preschoolers, of which 50.3% were boys and 49.7% were girls, had > 1 hour/day of ST. For older preschoolers, greater screen accessibility, greater frequency of eating in front of a screen, longer ST of parents, and unclear rules of screen behavior were the risk factors for ST being > 1 hour/day (P < 0.05). After adjusting for confounders, the relationship between the ST of fathers and ST of preschoolers was still significant (P < 0.01), and the dose-effect relationship was observed (P < 0.001).
Conclusion

Prolonged parental ST (especially of fathers) and lack of rules for screen behavior of were independent risk factors for prolonged preschoolers’ ST in this study.
Development and Synergetic Evolution of the Water–energy–food Nexus System in the Yellow River Basin
Authors: Liu Sijia , Zhao Liangshi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The water–energy–food nexus is a complex system which is especially difficult to achieve as a trade-off in resource-deficient areas. As an area where the shortage of water leads to water–energy–food conflict, investigating the evolution state and spatial characteristics of water–energy–food in the Yellow River Basin is essential for the resource management and sustainable development orientation of the region’s water–energy–food nexus system. This study proposed an integrated assessment framework by using synergy theory and the integrated index system method. The improved Lotka–Volterra symbiotic model was used to elucidate the development and synergy evolution status of the water–energy–food nexus system in prefecture-level cities in the Yellow River Basin between 2004 and 2019. The results show that the development level of water and energy subsystems in the Yellow River Basin increased by 0.12 and 0.42 on average respectively, whereas that of the food subsystem only increased by approximately 0.004 on average compared to the initial year. Furthermore, most prefecture-level cities experienced subsystem degradation for one or two subsystems during the system evolution of the water–energy–food nexus. Based on the uniqueness and evolution process of each city, there are eight possibilities for system evolution and three types of feedback state between each pair of subsystems, which may lead to a certain spatial aggregation. Additionally, the interaction and competition states are more common than synergy states in the water–energy–food nexus system of the Yellow River Basin. This study provides an important basis and suggestions for the internal relationship and sustainable orientation of water–energy–food nexus systems in such water-deficient areas.