bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategies to improve enrollment in The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC): examining high coverage states and leveraging successful COVID-19 pandemic adjustments
Authors: Kuhn Amanda G , Ganacias Karen G , Rethy Janine A 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is an essential program in the USA providing food benefits and nutritional and breast-feeding support to low-income pregnant or postpartum women, infants and children at nutritional risk. Despite similarities amongst federal regulations shared across WIC programs at the state level, important differences in the operations, policies and technologies between states exist. Nationally, nearly half of women, infants and children who were eligible to receive WIC benefits in 2018 were not participating in the program. In this paper, we evaluate common practices exhibited by states with the highest and lowest WIC coverage rates to identify strategies that may improve enrollment and retention rates in regions with low WIC coverage rates. We use WIC as a case study for identifying strategies that can be broadly applied to improve utilisation of similar food assistance programs globally, particularly those benefiting low-income women and children. The four strategies discussed here include utilising data to check adjunctive eligibility and reach eligible non-participants, increasing public awareness of WIC through outreach and referral efforts, implementing a centralised smartphone app and linking personal electronic benefits and streamlining the use of technologies for online applications, participant portals and remote communication. In most states, the COVID-19 pandemic and the federal waivers issued in response have offered the opportunity to promptly implement some of these strategies, particularly with regard to remote communication capabilities. With proper resources and implementation, these strategies can improve utilisation of WIC and similar programs globally.
Gene regulation by histone-modifying enzymes under hypoxic conditions: a focus on histone methylation and acetylation
Authors: Kim Junil , Lee Hyerim , Yi Sun-Ju , Kim Kyunghwan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOxygen, which is necessary for sustaining energy metabolism, is consumed in many biochemical reactions in eukaryotes. When the oxygen supply is insufficient for maintaining multiple homeostatic states at the cellular level, cells are subjected to hypoxic stress. Hypoxia induces adaptive cellular responses mainly through hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), which are stabilized and modulate the transcription of various hypoxia-related genes. In addition, many epigenetic regulators, such as DNA methylation, histone modification, histone variants, and adenosine triphosphate-dependent chromatin remodeling factors, play key roles in gene expression. In particular, hypoxic stress influences the activity and gene expression of histone-modifying enzymes, which controls the posttranslational modification of HIFs and histones. This review covers how histone methylation and histone acetylation enzymes modify histone and nonhistone proteins under hypoxic conditions and surveys the impact of epigenetic modifications on gene expression. In addition, future directions in this area are discussed.
Single-cell sorting based on secreted products for functionally defined cell therapies
Authors: Miwa Hiromi , Dimatteo Robert , de Rutte Joseph , Ghosh Rajesh , Di Carlo Dino 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCell therapies have emerged as a promising new class of “living” therapeutics over the last decade and have been particularly successful for treating hematological malignancies. Increasingly, cellular therapeutics are being developed with the aim of treating almost any disease, from solid tumors and autoimmune disorders to fibrosis, neurodegenerative disorders and even aging itself. However, their therapeutic potential has remained limited due to the fundamental differences in how molecular and cellular therapies function. While the structure of a molecular therapeutic is directly linked to biological function, cells with the same genetic blueprint can have vastly different functional properties (e.g., secretion, proliferation, cell killing, migration). Although there exists a vast array of analytical and preparative separation approaches for molecules, the functional differences among cells are exacerbated by a lack of functional potency-based sorting approaches. In this context, we describe the need for next-generation single-cell profiling microtechnologies that allow the direct evaluation and sorting of single cells based on functional properties, with a focus on secreted molecules, which are critical for the in vivo efficacy of current cell therapies. We first define three critical processes for single-cell secretion-based profiling technology: (1) partitioning individual cells into uniform compartments; (2) accumulating secretions and labeling via reporter molecules; and (3) measuring the signal associated with the reporter and, if sorting, triggering a sorting event based on these reporter signals. We summarize recent academic and commercial technologies for functional single-cell analysis in addition to sorting and industrial applications of these technologies. These approaches fall into three categories: microchamber, microfluidic droplet, and lab-on-a-particle technologies. Finally, we outline a number of unmet needs in terms of the discovery, design and manufacturing of cellular therapeutics and how the next generation of single-cell functional screening technologies could allow the realization of robust cellular therapeutics for all patients.
Mechanochromic and thermally reprocessable thermosets for autonomic damage reporting and self-healing coatings
Authors: Yoon Subin , Choi Jong Ho , Sung Bong June , Bang Joona , Kim Tae Ann 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAutonomous polymers that report damage prior to loss of function and simultaneously self-heal are highly relevant for preventing catastrophic failures and extending the lifetimes of materials. Here, we demonstrate mechanochromic and thermally reprocessable thermosets that can be used for autonomic damage reporting and self-healing coatings. A mechanochromic molecule, spiropyran (SP), is covalently incorporated into thermoreversible Diels–Alder (DA) cross-linking networks. Mechanical activation of SPs in DA networks is confirmed by computational simulations and mechanical testing. The damaged areas of the polymers change colour, emit fluorescence signals, and completely recover after heat treatment. Because of the thermoreversible covalent networks, these polymers can be recycled up to fifteen times without degrading their mechanical, damage-reporting, or self-healing properties. Our autonomic material systems provide a new way to enhance the lifespans and reliabilities of thermosetting coatings, which also expands the range for practical applications of force-induced chemical reactions in polymers.
A macroscopic link between interhemispheric tract myelination and cortico-cortical interactions during action reprogramming
Authors: Lazari Alberto , Salvan Piergiorgio , Verhagen Lennart , Cottaar Michiel , Papp Daniel , van der Werf Olof Jens , Gavine Bronwyn , Kolasinski James , Webster Matthew , Stagg Charlotte J. , Rushworth Matthew F. S. , Johansen-Berg Heidi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMyelination has been increasingly implicated in the function and dysfunction of the adult human brain. Although it is known that axon myelination shapes axon physiology in animal models, it is unclear whether a similar principle applies in the living human brain, and at the level of whole axon bundles in white matter tracts. Here, we hypothesised that in humans, cortico-cortical interactions between two brain areas may be shaped by the amount of myelin in the white matter tract connecting them. As a test bed for this hypothesis, we use a well-defined interhemispheric premotor-to-motor circuit. We combined TMS-derived physiological measures of cortico-cortical interactions during action reprogramming with multimodal myelin markers (MT, R1, R2* and FA), in a large cohort of healthy subjects. We found that physiological metrics of premotor-to-motor interaction are broadly associated with multiple myelin markers, suggesting interindividual differences in tract myelination may play a role in motor network physiology. Moreover, we also demonstrate that myelination metrics link indirectly to action switching by influencing local primary motor cortex dynamics. These findings suggest that myelination levels in white matter tracts may influence millisecond-level cortico-cortical interactions during tasks. They also unveil a link between the physiology of the motor network and the myelination of tracts connecting its components, and provide a putative mechanism mediating the relationship between brain myelination and human behaviour.
Heparin induces α-synuclein to form new fibril polymorphs with attenuated neuropathology
Authors: Tao Youqi , Sun Yunpeng , Lv Shiran , Xia Wencheng , Zhao Kun , Xu Qianhui , Zhao Qinyue , He Lin , Le Weidong , Wang Yong , Liu Cong , Li Dan 
Published: July 2022

Abstractα-Synuclein (α-syn), as a primary pathogenic protein in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies, exhibits a high potential to form polymorphic fibrils. Chemical ligands have been found to involve in the assembly of α-syn fibrils in patients’ brains. However, how ligands influence the fibril polymorphism remains vague. Here, we report the near-atomic structures of α-syn fibrils in complex with heparin, a representative glycosaminoglycan (GAG), determined by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). The structures demonstrate that the presence of heparin completely alters the fibril assembly via rearranging the charge interactions of α-syn both at the intramolecular and the inter-protofilamental levels, which leads to the generation of four fibril polymorphs. Remarkably, in one of the fibril polymorphs, α-syn folds into a distinctive conformation that has not been observed previously. Moreover, the heparin-α-syn complex fibrils exhibit diminished neuropathology in primary neurons. Our work provides the structural mechanism for how heparin determines the assembly of α-syn fibrils, and emphasizes the important role of biological polymers in the conformational selection and neuropathology regulation of amyloid fibrils.
Altered tRNA dynamics during translocation on slippery mRNA as determinant of spontaneous ribosome frameshifting
Authors: Poulis Panagiotis , Patel Anoshi , Rodnina Marina V. , Adio Sarah 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhen reading consecutive mRNA codons, ribosomes move by exactly one triplet at a time to synthesize a correct protein. Some mRNA tracks, called slippery sequences, are prone to ribosomal frameshifting, because the same tRNA can read both 0- and –1-frame codon. Using smFRET we show that during EF-G-catalyzed translocation on slippery sequences a fraction of ribosomes spontaneously switches from rapid, accurate translation to a slow, frameshifting-prone translocation mode where the movements of peptidyl- and deacylated tRNA become uncoupled. While deacylated tRNA translocates rapidly, pept-tRNA continues to fluctuate between chimeric and posttranslocation states, which slows down the re-locking of the small ribosomal subunit head domain. After rapid release of deacylated tRNA, pept-tRNA gains unconstrained access to the –1-frame triplet, resulting in slippage followed by recruitment of the –1-frame aa-tRNA into the A site. Our data show how altered choreography of tRNA and ribosome movements reduces the translation fidelity of ribosomes translocating in a slow mode.
Differential analysis of RNA structure probing experiments at nucleotide resolution: uncovering regulatory functions of RNA structure
Authors: Yu Bo , Li Pan , Zhang Qiangfeng Cliff , Hou Lin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRNAs perform their function by forming specific structures, which can change across cellular conditions. Structure probing experiments combined with next generation sequencing technology have enabled transcriptome-wide analysis of RNA secondary structure in various cellular conditions. Differential analysis of structure probing data in different conditions can reveal the RNA structurally variable regions (SVRs), which is important for understanding RNA functions. Here, we propose DiffScan, a computational framework for normalization and differential analysis of structure probing data in high resolution. DiffScan preprocesses structure probing datasets to remove systematic bias, and then scans the transcripts to identify SVRs and adaptively determines their lengths and locations. The proposed approach is compatible with most structure probing platforms (e.g., icSHAPE, DMS-seq). When evaluated with simulated and benchmark datasets, DiffScan identifies structurally variable regions at nucleotide resolution, with substantial improvement in accuracy compared with existing SVR detection methods. Moreover, the improvement is robust when tested in multiple structure probing platforms. Application of DiffScan in a dataset of multi-subcellular RNA structurome and a subsequent motif enrichment analysis suggest potential links of RNA structural variation and mRNA abundance, possibly mediated by RNA binding proteins such as the serine/arginine rich splicing factors. This work provides an effective tool for differential analysis of RNA secondary structure, reinforcing the power of structure probing experiments in deciphering the dynamic RNA structurome.
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV promotes imiquimod-induced psoriatic inflammation via macrophages and keratinocytes in mice
Authors: Yong Liang , Yu Yafen , Li Bao , Ge Huiyao , Zhen Qi , Mao Yiwen , Yu Yanxia , Cao Lu , Zhang Ruixue , Li Zhuo , Wang Yirui , Fan Wencheng , Zhang Chang , Wang Daiyue , Luo Sihan , Bai Yuanming , Chen Shirui , Chen Weiwei , Liu Miao , Shen Jijia , Sun Liangdan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCaMK4 has an important function in autoimmune diseases, and the contribution of CaMK4 in psoriasis remains obscure. Here, we show that CaMK4 expression is significantly increased in psoriatic lesional skin from psoriasis patients compared to healthy human skin as well as inflamed skin from an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced mouse model of psoriasis compared to healthy mouse skin.Camk4-deficient (Camk4−/−) mice treated with IMQ exhibit reduced severity of psoriasis compared to wild-type (WT) mice. There are more macrophages and fewer IL-17A+γδ TCR+cells in the skin of IMQ-treatedCamk4−/−mice compared to IMQ-treated WT mice. CaMK4 inhibits IL-10 production by macrophages, thus allowing excessive psoriatic inflammation. Deletion ofCamk4in macrophages alleviates IMQ-induced psoriatic inflammation in mice. In keratinocytes, CaMK4 inhibits apoptosis as well as promotes cell proliferation and the expression of pro-inflammatory genes such asS100A8andCAMP. Taken together, these data indicate that CaMK4 regulates IMQ-induced psoriasis by sustaining inflammation and provides a potential target for psoriasis treatment.
Myasthenia gravis-specific aberrant neuromuscular gene expression by medullary thymic epithelial cells in thymoma
Authors: Yasumizu Yoshiaki , Ohkura Naganari , Murata Hisashi , Kinoshita Makoto , Funaki Soichiro , Nojima Satoshi , Kido Kansuke , Kohara Masaharu , Motooka Daisuke , Okuzaki Daisuke , Suganami Shuji , Takeuchi Eriko , Nakamura Yamami , Takeshima Yusuke , Arai Masaya , Tada Satoru , Okumura Meinoshin , Morii Eiichi , Shintani Yasushi , Sakaguchi Shimon , Okuno Tatsusada , Mochizuki Hideki 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMyasthenia gravis (MG) is a neurological disease caused by autoantibodies against neuromuscular-associated proteins. While MG frequently develops in thymoma patients, the etiologic factors for MG are not well understood. Here, by constructing a comprehensive atlas of thymoma using bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing, we identify ectopic expression of neuromuscular molecules in MG-type thymoma. These molecules are found within a distinct subpopulation of medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs), which we name neuromuscular mTECs (nmTECs). MG-thymoma also exhibits microenvironments dedicated to autoantibody production, including ectopic germinal center formation, T follicular helper cell accumulation, and type 2 conventional dendritic cell migration. Cell–cell interaction analysis also predicts the interaction between nmTECs and T/B cells viaCXCL12-CXCR4. The enrichment of nmTECs presenting neuromuscular molecules within MG-thymoma is further confirmed immunohistochemically and by cellular composition estimation from the MG-thymoma transcriptome. Altogether, this study suggests that nmTECs have a significant function in MG pathogenesis via ectopic expression of neuromuscular molecules.
Predicting memory from the network structure of naturalistic events
Authors: Lee Hongmi , Chen Janice 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhen we remember events, we often do not only recall individual events, but also the connections between them. However, extant research has focused on how humans segment and remember discrete events from continuous input, with far less attention given to how the structure of connections between events impacts memory. Here we conduct a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in which participants watch and recall a series of realistic audiovisual narratives. By transforming narratives into networks of events, we demonstrate that more central events—those with stronger semantic or causal connections to other events—are better remembered. During encoding, central events evoke larger hippocampal event boundary responses associated with memory formation. During recall, high centrality is associated with stronger activation in cortical areas involved in episodic recollection, and more similar neural representations across individuals. Together, these results suggest that when humans encode and retrieve complex real-world experiences, the reliability and accessibility of memory representations is shaped by their location within a network of events.
LaBr2 bilayer multiferroic moiré superlattice with robust magnetoelectric coupling and magnetic bimerons
Authors: Sun Wei , Wang Wenxuan , Li Hang , Li Xiaoning , Yu Zheyin , Bai Ying , Zhang Guangbiao , Cheng Zhenxiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials provide the versatile playground to stack two or more vdW layers for creation of superior materials with desired properties. Here we theoretically adopt a twisted stack-engineering of two LaBr2 monolayers to break space inversion symmetry for ferroelectricity and ultimately multiferroism. The enhancement and reversal of electric polarization are accompanied with the transition from interlayer ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic orderings, demonstrating an effective magnetoelectric coupling effect with a mechanism dissimilar to that of the conventional multiferroics. Magnetization dynamics simulations show that such magnetic phase transition can excite topologically protected bimeron, and the skyrmion Hall effect can be suppressed by bilayer-bimeron stabilized in both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic configurations. Moreover, in the small-angle twisted moiré superlattice, the uniform polarization will evolve into a staggered domain structure, accompanied with the appearance of bimeron, which forms a significant discrepancy with the non-twisted stack-engineered multiferroic LaBr2 bilayer. This work provides a strategy for 2D multiferroic materials by twisted stack engineering of magnetic single layers.
Equivariant analytical mapping of first principles Hamiltonians to accurate and transferable materials models
Authors: Zhang Liwei , Onat Berk , Dusson Geneviève , McSloy Adam , Anand G. , Maurer Reinhard J. , Ortner Christoph , Kermode James R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe propose a scheme to construct predictive models for Hamiltonian matrices in atomic orbital representation from ab initio data as a function of atomic and bond environments. The scheme goes beyond conventional tight binding descriptions as it represents the ab initio model to full order, rather than in two-centre or three-centre approximations. We achieve this by introducing an extension to the atomic cluster expansion (ACE) descriptor that represents Hamiltonian matrix blocks that transform equivariantly with respect to the full rotation group. The approach produces analytical linear models for the Hamiltonian and overlap matrices. Through an application to aluminium, we demonstrate that it is possible to train models from a handful of structures computed with density functional theory, and apply them to produce accurate predictions for the electronic structure. The model generalises well and is able to predict defects accurately from only bulk training data.
An update on global mining land use
Authors: Maus Victor , Giljum Stefan , da Silva Dieison M. , Gutschlhofer Jakob , da Rosa Robson P. , Luckeneder Sebastian , Gass Sidnei L. B. , Lieber Mirko , McCallum Ian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe growing demand for minerals has pushed mining activities into new areas increasingly affecting biodiversity-rich natural biomes. Mapping the land use of the global mining sector is, therefore, a prerequisite for quantifying, understanding and mitigating adverse impacts caused by mineral extraction. This paper updates our previous work mapping mining sites worldwide. Using visual interpretation of Sentinel-2 images for 2019, we inspected more than 34,000 mining locations across the globe. The result is a global-scale dataset containing 44,929 polygon features covering 101,583 km2 of large-scale as well as artisanal and small-scale mining. The increase in coverage is substantial compared to the first version of the dataset, which included 21,060 polygons extending over 57,277 km2. The polygons cover open cuts, tailings dams, waste rock dumps, water ponds, processing plants, and other ground features related to the mining activities. The dataset is available for download from https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.942325 and visualisation at www.fineprint.global/viewer.
Aflatoxin M1 exposure in a fermented millet-based milk beverage ‘brukina’ and its cancer risk characterization in Greater Accra, Ghana
Authors: Kortei Nii Korley , Annan Theophilus , Boakye Adjoa Agyemang , Essuman Edward Ken , Tettey Clement Okraku , Kyei-Baffour Vincent 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBrukinais a millet based fermented milk product which is consumed as a beverage in Ghana. It is however prone to aflatoxin M1(AFM1) contamination, which is a serious health challenge for low and middle-income countries in subtropical regions. This study aimed at evaluating AFM1levels and cancer risks associated withbrukina(n = 150) sampled from different locations of the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. AFM1were measured with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) connected to a Fluorescence Detector (FLD).Cancer risk assessments were also conducted using models prescribed by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Additives (JECFA). Out of the 150 samples analyzed for AFM1, 80/150 (53%) tested positive between the range 0.00 ± 0.001–3.14 ± 0.77 µg/kg. Cancer risk assessments of AFM1produced outcomes which ranged between 0.64 and 1.88 ng/kg bw/day, 0.31–9.40, 0.0323, and 1.94 × 10–3–0.06 for cases/100,000 person/yr for Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Hazard Index (H.I), Average Potency, and Cancer Risks respectively for all age categories investigated. It was concluded that the consumption ofbrukinaposed adverse health effects on the majority of the age categories in the different locations of Greater Accra Region since the calculated H.Is were greater than one (> 1). Therefore, contamination ofbrukinawith AFM1should be considered a high priority in public health and Ghana’s cancer risk management actions.