bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvements on Sample Preparation and Peptide Separation for Reduced Peptide Mapping Based Multi-Attribute Method analysis of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies Using Lys-C Digestion
Authors: Li Xuanwen , Rawal Baibhav , Rivera Shannon , Letarte Simon , Richardson Douglas D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe mass spectrometry based multi-attribute method (MAM) has gained popularity in the field of biopharmaceutical analysis as it promises a single method for comprehensive monitoring of multiple product quality attributes (PQAs) and product purity. Sample preparation for protein digestion and peptide separation are critical considerations for a reduced peptide mapping-based MAM. To avoid desalting steps required in tryptic protein digestion and in order to improve peptide separation for hydrophilic peptides, we developed an improved robust sample preparation using Lys-C protease for high-throughput MAM testing. Additionally, this method optimizes the peptide retention and separation of a stability-indicating VSNK peptide using a HSS T3 column for comprehensive PQA monitoring. A fully automated sample preparation had similar assay variations for PQAs monitoring compared to manual sample preparation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a high-resolution MS-based MAM using Lys-C digestion with enhanced PQA monitoring for hydrophilic peptides. The improved, robust MAM workflow for protein digestion and peptide separation will pave the way for broader MAM qualification and its applications for the characterization and quality control of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies.
Levels of p53 expression determine the competitive ability of embryonic stem cells during the onset of differentiation
Authors: Montero Salvador Perez , Bowling Sarah , Pérez-Carrasco Rubén , Rodriguez Tristan A. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTDuring development, the rate of tissue growth is determined by the relative balance of cell division and cell death. Cell competition is a fitness quality control mechanism that contributes to this balance by eliminating viable cells that are less-fit than their neighbours. What mutations confer cells with a competitive advantage or the dynamics of the interactions between winner and loser cells are not well understood. Here, we show that embryonic cells lacking the tumour suppressor p53 are super-competitors that eliminate their wild-type neighbours through the direct induction of apoptosis. This elimination is context dependant, as does not occur when cells are pluripotent and is triggered by the onset of differentiation. Furthermore, by combining mathematical modelling and cell-based assays we show that the elimination of wild-type cells is not through a competition for space or nutrients, but instead is mediated by short range interactions that are dependent on the local cell neighbourhood. This highlights the importance of the local cell neighbourhood and the competitive interactions within this neighbourhood for the regulation of proliferation during early embryonic development.
Acentrosomal spindles assemble from branching microtubule nucleation near chromosomes
Authors: Gouveia Bernardo , Setru Sagar U. , King Matthew R. , Stone Howard A. , Shaevitz Joshua W. , Petry Sabine 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTMicrotubules are generated at centrosomes, chromosomes, and within spindles during cell division. Whereas microtubule nucleation at the centrosome is well characterized, much remains unknown about where, when, and how microtubules are nucleated at chromosomes. To address these questions, we reconstituted microtubule nucleation from purified chromosomes in meiotic Xenopus egg extract and found that chromosomes alone can form spindles. We visualized microtubule nucleation at chromosomes using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy to find that this occurs through branching microtubule nucleation. The initial branches nucleate near and towards kinetochores, helping explain how kinetochores might be efficiently captured. By depleting molecular motors, we find that the organization of the resultant polar branched networks is consistent with a theoretical model where the effectors for branching nucleation are released by chromosomes, forming a concentration gradient around them that spatially biases branching nucleation. In the presence of motors, these branched networks are organized into multipolar spindles.
Alternative splicing downstream of EMT enhances phenotypic plasticity and malignant behavior in colon cancer
Authors: Xu Tong , Verhagen Mathijs , Joosten Rosalie , Sun Wenjie , Sacchetti Andrea , Sagredo Leonel Munoz , Orian-Rousseau Véronique , Fodde Riccardo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPhenotypic plasticity allows carcinoma cells to transiently acquire the quasi-mesenchymal features necessary to detach from the primary mass and proceed along the invasion-metastasis cascade. A broad spectrum of epigenetic mechanisms is likely to cause the epithelial–to-mesenchymal (EMT) and mesenchymal-to-epithelial (MET) transitions necessary to allow local dissemination and distant metastasis. Here, we report on the role played by alternative splicing (AS) in eliciting phenotypic plasticity in colon cancer.By taking advantage of the identification of a subpopulation of quasi-mesenchymal and highly metastatic EpCAMlo colon cancer cells, we here show that the differential expression of ESRP1 and other RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) downstream of the EMT master regulator ZEB1, alters the AS pattern of a broad spectrum of targets including CD44 and NUMB, thus resulting in the generation of specific isoforms functionally associated with increased invasion and metastasis. Additional functional and validation studies indicate that both the newly identified RBPs and the CD44s and NUMB2/4 splicing isoforms promote local invasion and distant metastasis and are associated with poor survival.The systematic elucidation of the spectrum of EMT-related RBPs and AS targets in colon cancer and in other malignancies, apart from the insights in the mechanisms underlying phenotypic plasticity, will lead to the identification of novel and tumor-specific therapeutic targets.
Four novel, immortal cell lines derived from embryos of Xenopus tropicalis
Authors: Gorbsky Gary J. , Daum John R. , Sapkota Hem , Summala Katja , Yoshida Hitoshi , Georgescu Constantin , Wren Jonathan D. , Peshkin Leonid , Horb Marko E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe diploid anuran, Xenopus tropicalis, has emerged as a key research model in cell and developmental biology. To enhance the usefulness of this species, we developed methods for generating immortal cell lines from Nigerian strain (NXR_1018, RRID:SCR_013731) X. tropicalis embryos. We generated 14 cell lines that were propagated for several months. We selected four morphologically distinct lines, XTN-6, XTN-8, XTN-10, and XTN-12 for further characterization. Karyotype analysis revealed that three of the lines, XTN-8, XTN-10, and XTN-12 were primarily diploid. XTN-6 cultures showed a consistent mixed population of diploid cells, cells with chromosome 8 trisomy, and cells containing a tetraploid content of chromosomes. The lines were propagated using conventional culture methods as adherent cultures at 30°C in a simple, diluted L-15 medium containing fetal bovine serum without use of a high CO2 incubator. Transcriptome analysis indicated that the four lines were distinct lineages. These methods will be useful in the generation of cell lines from normal and mutant strains of X. tropicalis as well as other species of Xenopus.
Conformity by information or relation? An exploration of investors' response in equity crowdfunding
Authors: Li Yaokuang , Ling Li , Wu Juan , Zhang Daru , Fu Weizhong 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the role of informational and relational mechanisms on equity crowdfunding investors' conformity behaviors by focusing on a relational culture of China.Design/methodology/approachThe data of 108 financing projects and 7,688 investment records from a union of Chinese equity crowdfunding platforms are gathered. Lead investors' response to a campaign and follow-investors’ former links explain investors' conformity by social network analysis (SNA) and ordinary least squares (OLS) analysis.FindingsThe results show that informational and relational influences drive conformity in Chinese equity crowdfunding. Moreover, the informational influence weakens in a highly centralized structure of linked investors.Research limitations/implicationsThe results add new knowledge to follow-investors’ conformity behaviors in equity crowdfunding and enrich the literature on conformity theory by finding the contextual effect of information-influenced conformity and the adaption of conformity theory to cultural uniqueness. Besides, this preliminary work also suggests opportunities for future research.Practical implicationsThe paper inspires new consideration on a strategical use of follow-investors’ conformity mentality to promote successfully financing and reminds platform managers to be alert to the interference of small groups formed based on informal relationships to the normal financing order.Originality/valueThis is the first study that discovers the non-informational influence and the limited influence of information on equity crowdfunding conformity through contextual concerns.
The effect of toxic leadership on turnover intention and counterproductive work behaviour in Indonesia public organisations
Authors: Hattab Syahruddin , Wirawan Hillman , Salam Rudi , Daswati Daswati , Niswaty Risma 
Published: March 2022

PurposeLeadership has been known for its tremendous impact on employees' outcomes in any organisation. Constructive leadership positively impacts employees, while destructive leadership causes counterproductive work behaviours (CWB). This study aims to investigate the effect of toxic leadership on employees' CWB via the role of turnover intention by employing the psychological contract theory.Design/methodology/approachThe participants were recruited using various recruitment methods such as online recruitment and alumni networks. After dropping some participants who failed to complete the three-wave data collection procedure, 457 responses were used for the final data analysis. The participants came from various public organisations in Indonesia (e.g. hospitals).FindingsThe results found that the effect of toxic leadership on employees' CWB was mediated by the role of turnover intention. Under a toxic leader, employees might intend to leave the organisations and commit CWB as the employees perceived the psychological contract breach.Practical implicationsFirstly, public organisations should implement some strategies to reduce the emergence of toxic behaviours. Secondly, public organisations should evaluate and examine how leadership is exercised within public organisations. Lastly, the organisations must ensure that their leaders do not breach employees' psychological contracts.Originality/valueThis study has highlighted the effect of toxic leadership on CWB in public service organisations by employing a psychological contract theory and a power distance perspective.
Using social learning theory in examining YouTube viewers’ desire to imitate travel vloggers
Authors: Le Linh Ha , Hancer Murat 
Published: March 2022

PurposeApplying social learning theory and the source credibility model, this study aims to investigate the impacts of perceived attractiveness, expertise and trustworthiness of YouTube travel vloggers on viewers’ wishful identification and behavioral intention. The study also aims to examine the effects of vlogger gender on viewers’ perception and on their wish to be like the vlogger.Design/methodology/approachWith an online data collection from 402 YouTube travel vlog viewers, a moderated mediation model was tested using multiple linear regression and multivariate nested linear regression.FindingsThis study found that physical attractiveness, social attractiveness and credibility of travel vloggers positively affected audience wishful identification, among which credibility had the strongest impact. The effect of the travel vlogger’s social attractiveness on viewer wishful identification was even strengthened when the vlogger and the viewer were of different genders. Wishful identification partially mediated the relationship between vloggers’ attributes and viewers’ behavioral intention. Finally, the finding revealed female vloggers were perceived as more physically attractive than males, whereas male vloggers were assessed as more credible than their female counterparts.Originality/valueExpanding upon the literature on mass media and social media, this study explains the mechanism of developing intention to imitate the travel vloggers of YouTube viewers. The findings provide tourism and hospitality managers with solution in choosing the most inspirational travel vlogger to influence consumer behavior.
Organizational justice perceptions and turnover intention: a meta-analytic review
Authors: Özkan Ahmet Hakan 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThe aim of the study was to survey the relationships between organizational justice perceptions and turnover intention by using meta-analysis and to determine the possible moderators affecting these relationships.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 83 correlation values were used. Comprehensive meta-analysis software (CMA) was used to analyze the collected studies. Heterogeneity and publication bias of each data set were tested.FindingsEach data were heterogeneous and included no publication bias. The results suggested that the effect size of distributive justice on turnover intention is −0.396, interactional justice on turnover intention is −0.341, interpersonal justice on turnover intention is −0.361, informational justice on turnover intention is −0.358, procedural justice on turnover intention is −0.369 and overall organizational justice on turnover intention is −0.436. Region was a moderator for the relationship between distributive justice and turnover intention.Originality/valueThe results of the study can provide guidance to the future researchers. Moreover, the managers can use these results for the implementation of organizational strategies and policies.
Policing reforms in the 21st century: an examination of racial diversity post-executive order 13684
Authors: Yu Helen H. 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThis study aims to examine minority representation amid the largest police departments in the USA that employ at least 500 sworn officers to determine whether the passage of Executive Order 13684 (2014)—a comprehensive criminal justice reform initiative to identify policing best practices and offer recommendations on how those practices can promote effective crime reduction while (re)building public trust—had any policy impact for increasing racial diversity in policing.Design/methodology/approachSurvey responses on race and ethnicity are collected from 83 police departments across three cross-sectional points in time (2007–2013 and 2013–2016) to examine changes in racial diversity.FindingsThe findings suggest that nearly 20% of the police departments in this study had increases in racial diversity that could be attributed to Executive Order 13684 (2014).Research limitations/implicationsInsufficient time may have lapsed between the passage of Executive Order 13684 (2014) and the last survey collection period to generate meaningful change.Practical implicationsThis study responds to the call by the President’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing (2015) to highlight those successful police departments, as well as those less successful police departments, for improving diversity in the police force.Originality/valueTo the best of the author’s knowledge, the findings from this study provide one of the first attempts to examine how federal recommendations impact local policing practices.
Stem traits, compartments and tree species affect fungal communities on decaying wood
Authors: Yang Shanshan , Poorter Lourens , Kuramae Eiko E. , Sass‐Klaassen Ute , Leite Marcio F. A. , Costa Ohana Y. A. , Kowalchuk George A. , Cornelissen Johannes H. C. , van Hal Jurgen , Goudzwaard Leo , Hefting Mariet M. , van Logtestijn Richard S. P. , Sterck Frank J. 
Published: March 2022

SummaryDead wood quantity and quality is important for forest biodiversity, by determining wood‐inhabiting fungal assemblages. We therefore evaluated how fungal communities were regulated by stem traits and compartments (i.e. bark, outer‐ and inner wood) of 14 common temperate tree species. Fresh logs were incubated in a common garden experiment in a forest site in the Netherlands. After 1 and 4 years of decay, the fungal composition of different compartments was assessed using Internal Transcribed Spacer amplicon sequencing. We found that fungal alpha diversity differed significantly across tree species and stem compartments, with bark showing significantly higher fungal diversity than wood. Gymnosperms and Angiosperms hold different fungal communities, and distinct fungi were found between inner wood and other compartments. Stem traits showed significant afterlife effects on fungal communities; traits associated with accessibility (e.g. conduit diameter), stem chemistry (e.g. C, N, lignin) and physical defence (e.g. density) were important factors shaping fungal community structure in decaying stems. Overall, stem traits vary substantially across stem compartments and tree species, thus regulating fungal communities and the long‐term carbon dynamics of dead trees.
‘The King's Other Islands of the Sea’: The Channel Islands in the Plantagenet Realm, 1254–1341
Authors: Kelleher Alexander 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between the Plantagenet kings of England and the Channel Islands from 1254–1341. Notwithstanding a rich volume of accessible record material to consult, the history of the Channel Islands has been omitted from studies of the Plantagenet kings of England and in comparative studies of their wider ‘dominions’ on account of the Islands complex political status and cultural differences. It is argued here that the Islands, rather than being dismissed as political anomalies, were viewed by the kings of England as an integral entity and make an important contribution to understanding the larger construct of the Plantagenet realm. The first half of this article explores the maintenance of Plantagenet control in the Islands following the loss of Normandy and the significance of their inclusion in Henry III’s 1254 appanage to his eldest son Edward. The second half of the article surveys the position of the Islands in the context of the Anglo‐French relations between the Treaty of Paris and the Hundred Years’ War. Paradoxically, strategic location was the key reason for the rights and privileges granted to the Islands which went well beyond what otherwise insignificant territories could have reasonably achieved but was also the cause of its long‐term militarisation and subjection to periodic attacks and counter attacks by the kingdom of France.
Extracellular vesicle formation in Lactococcus lactis is stimulated by prophage‐encoded holin–lysin system
Authors: Liu Yue , Tempelaars Marcel H. , Boeren Sjef , Alexeeva Svetlana , Smid Eddy J. , Abee Tjakko 
Published: March 2022

SummaryGram‐positive bacterial extracellular membrane vesicles (EVs) have been drawing more attention in recent years. However, mechanistic insights are still lacking on how EVs are released through the cell walls in Gram‐positive bacteria. In this study, we characterized underlying mechanisms of EV production and provide evidence for a role of prophage activation in EV release using the Gram‐positive bacterium Lactococcus lactis as a model. By applying a standard EV isolation procedure, we observed the presence of EVs in the culture supernatant of a lysogenic L. lactis strain FM‐YL11, for which the prophage‐inducing condition led to an over 10‐fold increase in EV production in comparison with the non‐inducing condition. In contrast, the prophage‐encoded holin–lysin knockout mutant YL11ΔHLH and the prophage‐cured mutant FM‐YL12 produced constantly low levels of EVs. Under the prophage‐inducing condition, FM‐YL11 did not show massive cell lysis. Defective phage particles were found to be released in and associated with holin–lysin‐induced EVs from FM‐YL11, as demonstrated by transmission electron microscopic images, flow cytometry and proteomics analysis. Findings from this study further generalized the EV‐producing phenotype to Gram‐positive L. lactis, and provide additional insights into the EV production mechanism involving prophage‐encoded holin–lysin system. The knowledge on bacterial EV production can be applied to all Gram‐positive bacteria and other lactic acid bacteria with important roles in fermentations and probiotic formulations, to enable desired release and delivery of cellular components with nutritional values or probiotic effects.
A novel risk calculator predicting surgical site infection after spinal surgery in patients with cerebral palsy
Authors: Matsumoto Hiroko , Franzone Jeanne M. , Sinha Rishi , Roye Benjamin D. , Glotzbeker Michael P. , Skaggs David L. , Flynn John M. , Lenke Lawrence G. , Sponseller Paul D. , Vitale Michael G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimTo develop and validate a risk calculator based on preoperative factors to predict the probability of surgical site infection (SSI) in patients with cerebral palsy (CP) undergoing spinal surgery.MethodThis was a multicenter retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients with CP who underwent spinal fusion. In the development stage, preoperative known factors were collected, and a risk calculator was developed by comparing multiple models and choosing the model with the highest discrimination and calibration abilities. This model was then tested with a separate population in the validation stage.ResultsAmong the 255 patients in the development stage, risk of SSI was 11%. A final prediction model included non‐ambulatory status (odds ratio [OR] 4.0), diaper dependence (OR 2.5), age younger than 12 years (OR 2.5), major coronal curve magnitude greater than 90° (OR 1.3), behavioral disorder/delay (OR 1.3), and revision surgery (OR 1.3) as risk factors. This model had a predictive ability of 73.4% for SSI, along with excellent calibration ability (p = 0.878). Among the 390 patients in the validation stage, risk of SSI was 8.2%. The discrimination of the model in the validation phase was 0.743 and calibration was p = 0.435, indicating 74.3% predictive ability and no difference between predicted and observed values.InterpretationThis study provides a risk calculator to identify the risk of SSI after spine surgery for patients with CP. This will allow us to enhance decision‐making and patient care while providing valid hospital comparisons, public reporting mechanisms, and reimbursement determinations.