bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lung Cancer as a Risk Factor for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Gwon Hyeran , Kang Du–Young , Park Seong Yong , Kwon Jun Seong , Lee Sang Hoon 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Lung cancer and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) have several common risk factors. Considering that AAA is fatal, precise diagnosis and management of AAA would result in long-term survival benefit in patients with early lung cancer with good prognosis. We aimed to assess the prevalence and characteristics of AAA in patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Methods
Between January 2019 and November 2020, 1,019 patients with primary NSCLC treated surgically in Severance and Kangbuk Samsung Hospitals were reviewed retrospectively. We re-read abdominal-pelvic computed tomography (APCT) and positron emission tomography (PET) images and evaluated the presence of AAA. The control group comprised 2,899 cancer-free people who had a health check-up CT scan in Severance between January 2018 and December 2019. The Institutional Review Board and Ethics Committee of Severance Hospital approved this study (IRB number: 4–2021–1430).
Results
Among patients with resectable primary NSCLC patients, 39/1,019 (3.8%; odds ratio [OR], 19.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 8.10–46.46) had AAA compared with 6/2,899 (0.2%) in the control (P < 0.001). Smokers were more likely to have AAA than non-smokers (7.0% vs 0.8%; OR, 9.57; 95% CI, 3.38–27.14; P < 0.001). In multivariable regression analysis, male sex (OR, 13.24; 95% CI, 1.50–117.48; P = 0.020), older age (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.04–1.15; P < 0.001), current smoker status (OR, 4.20; 95% CI, 1.20–14.62; P = 0.024), and coronary artery obstructive disease (OR, 3.13; 95% CI, 1.48–6.62; P = 0.003) were independent risk factors for AAA development in lung cancer.
Conclusions
In our real-world study, patients with early lung cancer has a significantly higher prevalence of AAA than cancer-free controls, indicating they are a high-risk group for AAA. Therefore, we suggest patients with early NSCLC, especially smokers older than 60 years, undergo regular AAA surveillance with long term post-op follow-up for not only lung cancer but also AAA.
Papillary thyroid carcinoma as first and isolated neoplastic disease in a Lynch syndrome family member with a germline MLH1 mutation
Authors: Verrienti Antonella , Carbone Antonella , Sponziello Marialuisa , Pecce Valeria , Cito Domenico Savio , Bruno ROCCO 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Lynch syndrome (LS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by a strongly increased risk of developing colorectal cancer and several extra-colonic malignancies, such as carcinomas of the endometrium, ovary, ureter, stomach, and small intestine [1]. Lynch syndrome is caused by germline mutations in mismatch repair genes (MMR)[2], mainly in MLH1 and MSH2, rarely in MSH6 and PMS2 [3,4]. Tumors usually develop at a relatively young age (<50 years). Some cancers, rare in this syndrome, can be incidentally diagnosed in one of the Lynch syndrome family members. Here we report the case of unusual presentation of papillary thyroid carcinoma in a young woman carrying the c.545+3A>G mutation (rs267607760)in MLH1gene.
Development and Validation of a Self-Care Scale for Older Adults undergoing Hip Fracture Surgery: The HFS-SC
Authors: Yeom Hye-Ah , Jeon Eun-Jeong , Sohng Kyeong-Yae 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: The ability to take care of oneself after hip fracture surgery is important for older adults. Various scales have been developed for evaluation of this ability, but a scale specifically focusing on hip fracture has not been developed. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a scale (Hip Fracture Surgery Self-Care Scale, HFS-SC) to evaluate self-care for older adults undergoing hip fracture surgery.Methods: The scale was developed according to the guidelines by DeVellis. Initial items were derived from a literature review and individual interviews with 11 older adults who underwent hip fracture surgery. To confirm the suitability of the questions, a preliminary survey was conducted on 25 older adults. Psychometric testing was performed on 300 older adults 65 years old or over living at home after surgery for hip fracture. Psychometric properties of the scale were examined by content validity, construct validity, concurrent validity, internal consistency reliability, and test-retest reliability. Results: Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that the 18-item scale comprised five factors (functional independence, symptom recognition and management, positive mental health, participation and support in social activities, and a safe environment). The reliabilities of the scale were 0.91 for Cronbach’s alpha and 0.815 for test-retest reliability. Conclusions: The HFS-SC has acceptable validity and reliability and is expected to be useful for evaluating the levels of self-care for older adults undergoing hip fracture surgery.
lncRNA RP11-10A14.5: A Potential Prognosis Biomarker for LUAD Through Regulation on Proliferation and Metastasis
Authors: Lin Zhijie , Feng Fenglan , Liang Jiaming , Zeng Haikang , Li Jin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Lung cancer is the malignancy most commonly seen worldwide. Emerging evidences indicated that lncRNAs may serve as a prognosis marker and play important role in NSCLC tumor biology. In this work, we analyzed the prognosis value of RP11-10A14.5 using TCGA and GEPIA database and expression profiles using PCR and FISH assay. The biological roles of RP11-10A14.5 in cell growth and invasion were determined by in vitro and in vivo experiment. Expression of RP11-10A14.5 is correlated with increased clinical stage and poor survival prognosis. In vitro experiments revealed that RP11-10A14.5 was widely expressed in lung cancer cell line and mainly distributed in the cytoplasm and enhanced the growth, invasion and migration ability of NSCLC cell line. Immunofluorescence assay suggest that RP11-10A14.5 may promote EMT by downregulating E-cadherin and upregulating N-cadherin and Vimentin. Flow cytometry results suggested that RP11-10A14.5 did not significantly affect cell cycle function, but could significantly inhibit apoptosis which may further enhance metastasis cell survival. In conclusions, RP11-10A14.5 is associated with clinical stage and poor survival outcome, may serve as a diagnosis and prognosis biomarker for LUAD. Further, RP11-10A14.5 could promote LUAD cell growth and metastasis.
Randomized Clinical Trial Replication Using Real-World Data for Comparative Cardiovascular and Safety Outcomes of Empagliflozin and Sitagliptin
Authors: Jang Ha Young , Kim In-Wha , Oh Jung Mi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
If the same results as randomized clinical trial (RCT) can be created by conducting RWE studies, regulation decisions will be easier to assessing the effectiveness or safety of medications. In this study, we aimed to check to what extent findings from existing RCTs can be replicated in RWE study by analyzing in a reproducible process.
Methods
This study used a cohort study design to assess the effect of empagliflozin versus sitagliptin on effectiveness and safety outcomes. EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial (NCT01131676) was selected to target for replication. The inclusion/exclusion criteria and follow up method were applied as same with RCT. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) was used as a primary outcome and 15 other outcomes were also included for analysis.
Results
We followed-up (median, 2.7 years) 23,126 matched patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (11,563 empagliflozin users and 11,563 sitagliptin users). Empagliflozin were related with a significantly decreased risk of MACEs [adjusted HR 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79–0.96]. The predifined estimate agreement, regulatory agreement, and standardized difference for RCT duplication were achieved. [EMPA-REG OUTCOME RCT: adjusted HR 0.86, 95% (CI) 0.74–0.99]. Of the 15 other emulation outcomes, 10 emulations were evaluated as good (all three agreements achieved), and two as moderate (two of the three agreements achieved).
Conclusions
Our study results suggest that RWE can replicate RCT results satisfactorily and have the potential for providing evidence for future regulatory decision-making. Further research is needed to determine whether RWE can be a reliable evidence in various clinical settings or specific patient groups.
Low expression of PRDM5 predicts poor prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Guo Jing , Yang Qiuxin , Wei Sheng , Shao Jingjing , Zhao Tianye , Guo Liyuan , Liu Jia , Chen Jia , Wang Gaoren 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: The role of the transcription factor PRDM5 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has not been revealed. This study investigated the relationship between PRDM5 expression and survival outcome in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and explored the mechanism in tumor development. Methods: In present study, expression of PRDM5 mRNA in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients was conducted using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The expression of PRDM5 was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox regression analysis was performed to analyze the survival outcome and independent predictive factors. qRT-PCR and Methylation-specific PCR were performed to identify the mRNA level of PRDM5 and Methylation rate. Cibersort algorithm to analyze the relationship between PRDM5 expression and immune cell invasion. Western-blot was performed to confirm the expression of esophageal tumor tissues and adjacent tissues. Results: The TCGA database and GEO database show that PRDM5 mRNA level in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma adjacent tissues was higher than that of cancer tissues,and ESCC patients with high expression of PRDM5 mRNA had better overall survival.Tissue microarray showed that the protein level of PRDM5 in the adjacent tissues of patients with ESCC was higher than that in cancer tissues, and the expression level of PRDM5 was significantly correlated with the grade of clinicopathological characteristics (p<0.001). Patients with high expression of PRDM5 displayed a better OS and DFS. Cox regression analysis showed that PRDM5 was an independent risk factor and prognostic factor for ESCC patients(HR: 2.626, 95%CI: 1.824-3.781; p<0.001). The protein level of PRDM5 matched with the transcriptional level, whereas the DNA methylation affected the transcriptional level. Cibersort showed that T cells CD4 memory resting, mast cells resting, eosinophils, M2 macrophages and mast cells activated were significantly positively correlated with PRDM5 expression (P<0.05), while regulatory T cells, monocytes and dendritic cells negatively correlated with PRDM5 expression (P <0.05).Conclusion: PRDM5 can be used as a biomarker to predict the survival of ESCC patients. Furthermore, PRDM5 expression in ESCC cells may affect WNT/β-catenin signaling pathways, thus further affect the ESCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion capacity.
Comprehensive Analysis of Epigenetic Alternations of MicroRNA and DNA Methylation Contribute to Gene Expression and Prognosis in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Li Xiaoming , Liang Yingli , Wang Huixin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Early detection of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is significantly effective in clinical management. This study aimed to identify potential LUSC biomarkers based on the epigenetic alterations of miRNAs and DNA methylation.
Methods
Analysis of expression profiles in LUSC clinical samples downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA-LUSC) datasets was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using R packages. The biological functions were annotated by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the DEGs was established through STRING (Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes database) website, visualized by Cytoscape and further analyzed by Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE). Kaplan-meier method and univariate Cox proportional risk regression analysis were used to screen differential genes related to survival in LUSC patients. Multivariate Cox proportional risk regression analysis was used to construct a prognosis prediction model of LUSC patients with differentially expressed genes. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis confirmed the biomarker's specific and sensitivity.
Results
We systematically identified 96 DEGs modified by both DNA methylation and miRNA through TCGA dataset between LUSC tissues and normal tissues. KEGG pathway and GO enrichment analysis gave us an insightful view of the functions of DEMs and DMGs. Subsequently, the four-gene prognosis model were obtained, including SMAD7, MEF2C, TCF21, and TRIB1, together with clinical factors, smoking history and EvsA. Survival curve analysis indicates that the model has good predictive value for the prognosis of patients with LUSC. We also found their differential expression, especially MEF2C and TCF21, together with immune infiltration levels in B cells, CD8 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells, correlated with LUSC prognosis.
Conclusions
Four DEGs modified by both DNA methylation and miRNA were associated with the overall survival of LUSC patients and could be potential biomarkers to predict prognosis. MEF2C and TCF21 likely play important roles in immune cell infiltration and as prognosis biomarkers in LUSC patients with immune cell infiltration. In future research, we will explore the prognostic genes and their potential function based on the present study.
Microbiome typing in uveal melanoma is associated with plaque radiotherapy
Authors: Chen Yuning , Luo Jingting , Li Haowen , Fang Rui , Zhang Ruiheng , Liu Yueming , Li Yang , Wei Wenbin , Xiu Jingying 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Microbiomes have been identified in various tumor types and could affect tumor progression and treatment. As the most prevalent primary malignant eyetumor in adults, uveal melanoma (UM) has not been explored regarding its endogenous microbiome. Plaque radiotherapy (PRT) is the gold standard for the treatment of UM. Hereby, we recruited 71 UM patients, sequenced the 16S rRNA gene of their tumor tissues, and analyzed the association between UM microbiome and disease phenotypes.Results: Clear bacterial signals were observed in UM tissues by using in situ fluorescence hybridization. 523 bacterial species passed strict decontamination against 58 environmental control samples in 16S rRNA gene analysis, and these species formed three distinct types by unsupervised clustering. The UM microbiome types were significantly associated with PRT. A biomarker analysis showed that Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas were significantly enriched in the radiation group (RG) compared to the non-radiation group (NRG). A kind of radiation-resistant bacteria had a significantly higher positive rate in tumor tissues that underwent radiotherapy. We found that radioresistant bacteria Deinococcus was associated with larger tumor and later tumor stage, while Pedobacter, Bradyrhizobium, Variovorax, Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas were associated with later metastasis. Conclusion: There was an endogenous microbiome in UM tissues, and the distribution of microbiota was correlated with PRT and clinical features.
Carvacrol suppressed LIHC via SLC6A3
Authors: Yin Xieling , Zhang Suqing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundLiver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) is the second leading cause of tumor-related death in the world and its study is urgent. Carvacrol was also found to inhibit multiple cancer types. Here we proposed that carvacrol inhibited LIHC.MethodsWe used MTT assay to determine the inhibition of carvacrol on LIHC cells. BATMAN-TCM was used to predict targets of carvacrol. These targets were further screened by their survival association and expression in cancer using TCGA data. The bioinformatic screened candidates were further validated in in-vitro experiments and clinical samples. Finally, docking models of the interaction of carvacrol and target protein were conducted.ResultsCarvacrol inhibited the viability of LIHC cell lines. 40 target genes of carvacrol were predicted, 8 of them associated with survival. 4 genes were found differentially expressed in LIHC vs. normal liver. Among these genes, the expression of SLC6A3 and SCN4A were found affected by carvacrol in LIHC cells, but only SLC6A3 correlated with the viability inhibition of carvacrol on LIHC cell lines. 5 docking models of the interaction of carvacrol and SLC6A3 were established with one that had a good binding affinity. SLC6A3 knockdown and expression revealed that SLC6A3 promoted the viability of LIHC cells.ConclusionCarvacrol inhibited the viability of LIHC cells by downregulating SLC6A3.
Perceptions and Experiences of Healthcare Personnel Regarding Violence Against Health Care: A Qualitative Multiple Case Study
Authors: Khan Muhammad Naseem , Awan Babar , Khan Mirwais , Mehboob Usman , Haq Zia Ul , Ullah Naeem , Zohaib Mohsin , Baddia Faryal , Khan Salman , Polkowski Maciej 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundHealthcare workers are at high risk of facing violence all over the world. The sanctity, respect,and protection of health care beingthreatened by violence in healthcare settings. The study aims to explore the perception of healthcare personnel about violence in healthcare settings in district Peshawar.MethodsThis qualitative multiple case study uses a participatory approach to understandthe processes and themes that explain the healthcare personnel's experience of violence. Ten focus group discussions and three individual in-depth interviews were conducted with eighty-three participants recruited through purposive sampling.ResultsThree distinct recurrent themes emerged from the responses of the different stakeholders, and a consensus was reached on seven broad categories. The themes were: (a) Not all the wounds are visible: the theme describes the nature, frequency, and characteristics of violence and explores that violence is not merely any physical action taken against men or women to cause visible physical wounds, but also includes verbal or emotional abuse that attempts to hurt the feelings or affects the health of an individual. (b) But violence is never the answer: different categories, including the perpetrators of violence, causes, and contributing factors, and the consequences and effects of violence on individuals and institutions were explored and summarized that there could be many causes to provoke violence, but still violence cannot be justified. (c) Vaccine for violence: describesthe various strategies for the prevention of violence and suggests multiplemeasures at the public and institutional levels to be incorporated for a future without violence. ConclusionThe study concluded that violence against healthcare is a frequently occurring phenomenon inhealthcare settings. Most of the incidents are not highlighted as they are verbal/emotional but have far more impact on the healthcare personnel. A holistic approach was suggested for ending violence in the healthcare settings, andthe need to involve all relevant stakeholders was emphasized. The recommended measures include policy formulation, promoting awareness and education, capacity building of healthcare personnel on communication strategies/consultation skills, improved security of the healthcare settings,and positive role of media in promoting the respect of healthcare personnel. Further research should then focus on evaluating the effectiveness of these measures.
Pandemics and Oil Shocks
Authors: Mohammed Mikidadu , Barrales-Ruiz Jose A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper investigates the role of the COVID-19 pandemic in oil markets, focusing on the great oil price crash in April 2020. Using a 5-variable structural vector autoregression (SVAR) model, the study identifies an oil price shock arising from the pandemic together with supply, demand, and financial market shocks to global oil markets. The results show that a pandemic shock causes a delayed decrease in oil prices. Moreover, financial market conditions that affect financial investment decisions play a significant role in oil price movements. The study also computes the forecast error variance decomposition and finds that the impact of a pandemic shock, financial speculation shock, and aggregate demand shock are crucial in the short run. The findings offer new opportunities for applications in energy research.
Preoperative High-Resolution Ultrasound for the Assessment of Macro-Metastatic Central Lymph Nodes Sublevel-By-Sublevel in Unilateral Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma
Authors: Tan Wen , Xiao Lingli , Zhang Shiwen , Zheng Haoming , Li Sheng , Zhang Yu , Yang Ankui , Zhou Jianhua , Liu Longzhong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background To understand the diagnostic efficacy of preoperative high-resolution ultrasound (HRUS) in the diagnosis of macro-metastatic central lymph node (macro-CLNM), It will help surgeons decide whether to perform prophylactic lymph nodes (LNs) dissection in patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC).Methods This study analyzed the preoperative ultrasound and postoperative pathological results of central lymph nodes sublevel-by-sublevel of 220 patients with unilateral PTMC. These patients all underwent surgery at the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center from January 2015 to November 2019. Results In the right paratracheal, the left paratracheal, the pretracheal, and the prelaryngeal level, the mean number of lymph nodes are 0.9, 1.9, 3.3, and 4.6, respectively, and the macro-metastasis rate are 0.91%, 6.36%, 6.73%, and 11.21%, respectively. For metastasis central lymph nodes (CLNM), the HRUS diagnostic efficacy in the four sublevels was low, with the AUC of 0.50-0.54. When the diagnosis object was changed from CLNM to macro-CLNM, the AUC of the ipsilateral paratracheal sublevel has been significantly improved, with 0.80 (95% CI 0.71-0.87) on the left and 0.75 (95% CI 0.67-0.83) on the right. Meanwhile, the negative predictive value (NPV) of ultrasound diagnosis of macrometastasis in ipsilateral paratracheal sublevel reached 99% and 95%.Conclusions The number and macro-metastasis rate of lymph nodes in PTMC patients are, from high to low, the right paratracheal, the left paratracheal, the pretracheal, and the prelaryngeal level. Preoperative HRUS has a high diagnostic efficiency for macro-CLNM in the ipsilateral paratracheal area; when the ultrasound diagnosis of the ipsilateral paratracheal area is negative, the probability of macrometastasis is extremely low.