bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-reported and pill count measures of adherence to oral HIV PrEP among female sex workers living in South-Western Uganda
Authors: Nakiganda Lydia Jacenta , Grulich Andrew E. , Poynten Isobel Mary , Serwadda David , Bazaale Jeremiah Mulamba , Jin Jeff , Bavinton Benjamin R. 
Published: November 2022

Background
Female sex workers (FSWs) in Uganda are at high risk of HIV infection. Scaling up oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) will reduce HIV incidence if high levels of adherence are maintained. This study evaluates PrEP adherence using clinic-based pill counts and self-reported measures, and factors associated with protective levels of adherence.

Methods
Participants were sex workers who had been taking PrEP for at least 5 months and were attending routine follow-up visits for PrEP care in fishing communities and along the Trans-African Highway. Participants who had a pill count showing at least 85% use since their last clinic visit and those who reported taking their PrEP every day in the last 5 months were categorised as having ‘protective adherence’. Spearman’s correlation and weighted kappa assessed the relationship between pill count and self-reported measures. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with protective adherence as measured by pill count.

Results
We recruited 524 FSWs, with a median age of 29 years (IQR 23–35). Participants were recruited from fishing communities and Trans-African Highway towns (n = 297, 56.7%, and n = 227, 43.0%). Nearly three quarters (n = 372, 71.0%) of women were estimated to have protective adherence based on pill count (i.e., a pill count of >85%) and 50.4% by self-report in last 3 months. There was a strong positive association between self-reported measures and pill count measures (rest = 0.6453, 95% CI = 0.5924–0.6927) and a moderate agreement between self-reported measures and pill count measures, κ = 0.544 (95%CI = 0.4869–0.6011, p < 0.001).
Factors associated with protective adherence included being aged 35 years or older (aOR = 2.40, 95% CI = 1.17–4.86), living in a fishing community (aOR = 1.45, 95% CI = 0.62–3.38), and having an STI in last 3 months (aOR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.07–2.49).

Conclusion
Our findings indicate that PrEP-experienced FSWs attending clinical follow-up visits reported high protective levels of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis, as measured by both pill count and self-reported measures, and a moderate agreement between pill count and self-reported measures.
SARS due to COVID-19: Predictors of death and profile of adult patients in the state of Rio de Janeiro, 2020
Authors: Eleuterio Tatiana de Araujo , Oliveira Marcella Cini , Velasco Mariana dos Santos , Menezes Rachel de Almeida , Gomes Regina Bontorim , Martins Marlos Melo , Raymundo Carlos Eduardo , Medronho Roberto de Andrade 
Published: November 2022

Introduction
We aimed to describe the profile of adult patients and analyze the predictors of death from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Knowledge of the predictors of death by COVID-19 in Rio de Janeiro, a state with one of the highest mortality rates in Brazil, is essential to improve health care for these patients.

Methods
Data from the Information System for Epidemiological Surveillance of Influenza and the Mortality Information System were used. A binary logistic regression model evaluated the outcome of death, sociodemographic data, and clinical-epidemiological and health care covariates. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate statistics were performed with the R program, version 4.0.0.

Results
Overall, 51,383 cases of SARS due to COVID-19 among adults were reported in the state between March 5 and December 2, 2020. Mortality was high (40.5%). The adjusted final model presented the following predictors of death in SARS patients due to COVID-19: male sex (odds ratio [OR] = 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–1.17); age (OR = 5.35, 95%CI, 4.88–5.88; ≥75 years); oxygen saturation <95% (OR = 1.48, 95%CI, 1.37–1.59), respiratory distress (OR = 1.31, 95%CI, 1.21–1.41) and dyspnoea (OR = 1.25, 95%CI, 1.15–1.36), the presence of at least one risk factor/comorbidity (OR = 1.32, 95%CI, 1.23–1.42), chronic kidney disease (OR = 1.94, 95%CI, 1.69–2.23), immunosuppression (OR = 1.51, 95%CI, 1.26–1.81) or chronic neurological disease (OR = 1.36, 95%CI, 1.18–1.58), and ventilatory support, invasive (OR = 8.89, 95%CI, 8.08–9.79) or non-invasive (OR = 1.25, 95%CI, 1.15–1.35).

Conclusions
Factors associated with death were male sex, old age, oxygen saturation <95%, respiratory distress, dyspnoea, chronic kidney and neurological diseases, immunosuppression, and use of invasive or noninvasive ventilatory support. Identifying factors associated with disease progression can help the clinical management of patients with COVID-19 and improve outcomes.
Perioperative changes in left ventricular systolic function following surgical revascularization
Authors: Downey Michael C. , Hooks Matthew , Gravely Amy , Naksuk Niyada , Buelt-Gebhardt Melissa , Carlson Selma , Tholakanahalli Venkat , Adabag Selçuk 
Published: November 2022

Background
Nearly 1/3rd of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) have left ventricular systolic dysfunction. However, the extent, direction and implications of perioperative changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) have not been well characterized in these patients.

Methods
We studied the changes in LVEF among 549 patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVEF <50%) who underwent CABG as part of the Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH) trial. Patients had pre- and post-CABG (4 month) LVEF assessments using identical cardiac imaging modality, interpreted at a core laboratory. An absolute change of >10% in LVEF was considered clinically significant.

Results
Of the 549 patients (mean age 61.4±9.55 years, and 72 [13.1%] women), 145 (26.4%) had a >10% improvement in LVEF, 369 (67.2%) had no change and 35 (6.4%) had >10% worsening of LVEF following CABG. Patients with lower preoperative LVEF were more likely to experience an improvement after CABG (odds ratio 1.36; 95% CI 1.21–1.53; per 5% lower preoperative LVEF; p <0.001). Notably, incidence of postoperative improvement in LVEF was not influenced by presence, nor absence, of myocardial viability (25.5% vs. 28.3% respectively, p = 0.67). After adjusting for age, sex, baseline LVEF, and NYHA Class, a >10% improvement in LVEF after CABG was associated with a 57% lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.26–0.71).

Conclusions
Among patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy undergoing CABG, 26.4% had >10% improvement in LVEF. An improvement in LVEF was more likely in patients with lower preoperative LVEF and was associated with improved long-term survival.
Predicting Length of Stay using machine learning for total joint replacements performed at a rural community hospital
Authors: Sridhar Srinivasan , Whitaker Bradley , Mouat-Hunter Amy , McCrory Bernadette 
Published: November 2022

Background
Predicting patient’s Length of Stay (LOS) before total joint replacement (TJR) surgery is vital for hospitals to optimally manage costs and resources. Many hospitals including in rural areas use publicly available models such as National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) calculator which, unfortunately, performs suboptimally when predicting LOS for TJR procedures.

Objective
The objective of this research was to develop a Machine Learning (ML) model to predict LOS for TJR procedures performed at a Perioperative Surgical Home implemented rural community hospital for better accuracy and interpretation than the NSQIP calculator.

Methods
A total of 158 TJR patients were collected and analyzed from a rural community hospital located in Montana. A random forest (RF) model was used to predict patient’s LOS. For interpretation, permuted feature importance and partial dependence plot methods were used to identify the important variables and their relationship with the LOS.

Results
The root mean square error for the RF model (0.7) was lower than the NSQIP calculator (1.21). The five most important variables for predicting LOS were BMI, Duke Activity Status-Index, diabetes, patient’s household income, and patient’s age.

Conclusion
This pilot study is the first of its kind to develop an ML model to predict LOS for TJR procedures that were performed at a small-scale rural community hospital. This pilot study contributes an approach for rural hospitals, making them more independent by developing their own predictions instead of relying on public models.
Alternative Dispute Resolution and the Civil Courts
Authors: De Girolamo Debbie , Spenser Underhill Dominic 
Published: November 2022

In 1996, Lord Woolf described a vision for civil English and Welsh justice, culminating in his culture-changing reforms (the Woolf Reforms) and the Civil Procedure Rules of April 1999. These impose a continuing duty on litigants to consider alternative dispute resolution (ADR) in preference to litigation, even after it has commenced, and on the courts, to encourage ADR. These duties are a central method for the delivery of justice. They required a radical new way of thinking about disputes from litigants, their advisors and the courts.
This article focuses on Lord Woolf’s vision and his Reforms, and their impact on the approach to ADR taken by the courts since 1999. It seeks to identify how that approach informs a concept of justice within the practice of modern litigation. The approach, supported by relevant case law, presents a broader and arguably more sophisticated view of justice that involves party autonomy, dialogue, settlement, creativity, flexibility of outcome, compromise, satisfaction and saving costs, as well as the more conventional approach to determining rights at trial after due process.
Keywords: ADR; mediation; justice; civil justice; court reforms; overriding objective; Halsey.
Briefing Note
Authors: Bohm Nicholas 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The presumption that computers are reliable in England and Wales is proved to be wrong. Nicholas Bohm, James Christie, Peter Bernard Ladkin, Bev Littlewood, Paul Marshall, Stephen Mason, Martin Newby, Steven J. Murdoch, Harold Thimbleby and Martyn Thomas CBE
Index words: England and Wales; presumption computers are reliable; proposal to rectify
Editorial inaugural de Educação e Filosofia v.1 n.1 jul./dez. 1986
Authors: E Filosofia Educação 
Published: November 2022

REVISTA EDUCAÇÃO E FILOSOFIA é uma publicação semestral do Departamento de Pedagogia da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Este número é o primeiro fruto de um sonho antigo e de um inconformismo com a falta de um veículo como este, entre nós.
Pretendemos incentivar e divulgar trabalhos de natureza interdisciplinar nas áreas de Educação e Filosofia. Mas, se a Revista vier a ter uma linha preferencial — e isto depende muito mais dos nossos colaboradores, que da direção — essa linha não será exclusiva nem excludente, pois a Revista estará aberta às mais diversas correntes de pensamento, não se fechando, pois, com quaisquer grupos. Isto é consequência de nossa visão de Universidade como lugar onde se deve estimular a heterogeneidade de tendências e o debate.
Entendemos que uma filosofia que propugne posições dogmáticas inviabiliza o debate sobre seus próprios pressupostos, deixando de ser filosofia para tornar-se mera ideologia. Ademais, a discussão de questões de princípio tem razão de ser e há momentos em que apenas ela pode contribuir para a superação de impasses de ordem teórica ou prática, sobretudo nas ciências sociais; somente uma abordagem crítica — o que equivale a dizer: sem preconceitos — pode contribuir para os debates de questões fundamentais tanto para a filosofia, quanto para a educação, ou ainda quanto para uma filosofia de educação.
A REVISTA EDUCAÇÃO E FILOSOFIA deve representar um fórum de permanentes debates aberto a todo educador, todo pensador e, sobretudo, a todo pensador-educador. Propomo-nos a acolher e divulgar contribuições que sintetizem os resultados de investigações empíricas e teóricas e de projetos práticos, preferencialmente, mas não exclusivamente, desenvolvidos na região do Triângulo Mineiro.
Dentro do princípio de que o caráter objetivo e preciso do conhecimento científico não é incompatível com os conformismos diante das injustiças de toda ordem, pretendemos, ainda, ser um estímulo aos balanços críticos.
A REVISTA EDUCAÇÃO E FILOSOFIA é a soma do que temos e somos, mas será um veículo para atingirmos aquilo que queremos ser e ter. Deverá abrir caminho para a reflexão filosófica, a reflexão sobre educação, a reflexão sobre o ensino da filosofia e possibilitará o diálogo com os pensadores e educadores presentes e pretéritos visando à construção do futuro.
Nós não teríamos sido justos se olvidássemos o empenho da professora Carmelita Vieira dos Santos, chefe do Departamento de Pedagogia para que, diante de tantos cortes de recursos, fossem mantidos aqueles destinados à revista. Nossos agradecimentos também à professora Marly Bernardes de Araújo, diretora do Centro de Ciências Humanas e Artes. Ao Conselho do Departamento de Pedagogia, nossa gratidão por ter acolhido a Revista.
Double Plane Direct Shear Apparatus for Determination of Adhesion Factor in Clays
Authors: Shetty Rakshith , Salas Reyes Israel , Cha Minsu , Mooney Michael 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A modified direct shear assembly with two parallel shear planes was designed to enable the simultaneous and independent measurement of cohesive and adhesive resistance; it is named the “double-plane direct shear device.” The three-block specimen box of the device has top and middle blocks filled with soil specimen and the bottom block is made of solid steel. The middle box is laterally displaced while restraining the top and bottom box, leading to concurrent shearing along two parallel shear planes. Results from quick undrained testing of kaolinite at five different consistency indexes (Ic) and three different vertical stresses (σv) are presented. The stress–deformation curves show greater mobilization of adhesive stress than cohesive stress at low deformations at all Ic and σv. The deformation required for the complete mobilization of cohesive and adhesive stresses and their variation with Ic and σv is discussed. A parameter crossover deformation (dco) is defined to identify the region where adhesive stress is greater than cohesive stress, which would be useful in applications where soil stickiness is of concern. The results show that the presence of partial drainage increases the dco, which results in an increased deformation range over which adhesive stress is greater than cohesive stress, thereby increasing the stickiness susceptibility. Furthermore, results show that the adhesion factor (α, defined as the ratio of adhesion to undrained cohesion) always stayed below unity under undrained conditions, whereas under partial drainage conditions, values of α greater than unity were obtained. The study concludes that for the application where soil stickiness is of concern, the determination of α and its usage to analyze stickiness susceptibility should be performed under simulation of appropriate drainage boundary conditions.
The MASTL/PP2A cell cycle kinase‐phosphatase module restrains PI3K‐Akt activity in an mTORC1‐dependent manner
Authors: Sanz‐Castillo Belén , Hurtado Begoña , Vara‐Ciruelos Diana , El Bakkali Aicha , Hermida Dario , Salvador‐Barbero Beatriz , Martínez‐Alonso Diego , González‐Martínez José , Santiveri Clara , Campos‐Olivas Ramón , Ximénez‐Embún Pilar , Muñoz Javier , Álvarez‐Fernández Mónica , Malumbres Marcos 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe AKT‐mTOR pathway is a central regulator of cell growth and metabolism. Upon sustained mTOR activity, AKT activity is attenuated by a feedback loop that restrains upstream signaling. However, how cells control the signals that limit AKT activity is not fully understood. Here, we show that MASTL/Greatwall, a cell cycle kinase that supports mitosis by phosphorylating the PP2A/B55 inhibitors ENSA/ARPP19, inhibits PI3K‐AKT activity by sustaining mTORC1‐ and S6K1‐dependent phosphorylation of IRS1 and GRB10. Genetic depletion of MASTL results in an inefficient feedback loop and AKT hyperactivity. These defects are rescued by the expression of phosphomimetic ENSA/ARPP19 or inhibition of PP2A/B55 phosphatases. MASTL is directly phosphorylated by mTORC1, thereby limiting the PP2A/B55‐dependent dephosphorylation of IRS1 and GRB10 downstream of mTORC1. Downregulation of MASTL results in increased glucose uptake in vitro and increased glucose tolerance in adult mice, suggesting the relevance of the MASTL‐PP2A/B55 kinase‐phosphatase module in controlling AKT and maintaining metabolic homeostasis.
Paraspeckles interact with SWI/SNF subunit ARID1B to regulate transcription and splicing
Authors: Reddy Divya , Bhattacharya Saikat , Levy Michaella , Zhang Ying , Gogol Madelaine , Li Hua , Florens Laurence , Workman Jerry L 
Published: November 2022

AbstractParaspeckles are subnuclear RNA–protein structures that are implicated in important processes including cellular stress response, differentiation, and cancer progression. However, it is unclear how paraspeckles impart their physiological effect at the molecular level. Through biochemical analyses, we show that paraspeckles interact with the SWI/SNF chromatin‐remodeling complex. This is specifically mediated by the direct interaction of the long‐non‐coding RNA NEAT1 of the paraspeckles with ARID1B of the cBAF‐type SWI/SNF complex. Strikingly, ARID1B depletion, in addition to resulting in loss of interaction with the SWI/SNF complex, decreases the binding of paraspeckle proteins to chromatin modifiers, transcription factors, and histones. Functionally, the loss of ARID1B and NEAT1 influences the transcription and the alternative splicing of a common set of genes. Our findings reveal that dynamic granules such as the paraspeckles may leverage the specificity of epigenetic modifiers to impart their regulatory effect, thus providing a molecular basis for their function.
802.15.4 MAC protocol applied to efficient energy consumption
Authors: Hernández Ontiveros Juan Miguel , Inzunza González Everardo , Olguín Tiznado Jesús Everardo , Soares López Jana Juracy , Rousseau Figueroa Pablo Andrés , Camargo Wilson Claudia 
Published: November 2022

This work focused on the problem of finding a suitable medium access control protocol so that the nodes of a given cluster could communicate efficiently within their respective activity window. The nodes thus saved energy by turning off their transceivers during the time that they did not have to exchange information. This works main objective was to ensure that the nodes were mainly focused on energy efficiency and delivering packages, taking quality of service (QoS) requirements into account and comparing their performance to an existing protocol called sensor medium access control (S-MAC). The parameters being compared were the time that the nodes were asleep, energy consumption and average delay. This work was completed by using the OPNET simulator tool (OPNET Modeler, version 11.5.A PL3, OPNET Technologies Company Inc). This approach greatly improved the "PCF + Sleep” performance proposed in this work over the earlier S-MAC.
Chemical composition and mass closure for airborne particulate matter in Bogotá
Authors: Vargas Freddy A. , Rojas Néstor Y. 
Published: November 2022

Particulate matter, measured as PM10, is the most concerning airborne pollutant in Bogotá. Determining its chemical composition is important for understanding its potential effects and to estimate various sources' contribution to such pollution. This paper gives the results of characterising the ionic species, carbonaceous material, metals and crustal elements present in airborne PM10 in Bogotá. An ion charge balance and mass reconstruction were done for determining consistency between chemical characterisation and gravimetric PM10. The composition was different in each area; however, the fractions contributing most to PM10 were crustal, 37% to 42% was related to fugitive and suspended dust, 12% to 11% was related to carbonaceous fractions, 43% to elemental carbon, 34% for organic matter and 5% to 8% for ionic fractions.
The Electromagnetic Compatibility Research Group: research questions
Authors: Román Campos Francisco José 
Published: November 2022

This paper summarises the Universidad Nacional de Colombia’s Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department’s Electromagnetic Compatibility Research Group (EMC-UNC) activities during the last 30 years. The group was involved in developing experimental tools during the early 1980s, such as constructing high-voltage apparatus, developing high-voltage practical work for students and observing electrical discharges. These tools enabled the group to spend a decade focused on resolving one of the Colombian electrical sector’s main EMC problems: distribution transformer’s failures caused by lightning. For almost a decade this investigation was focused on understanding the causes of the extremely high failure index in Colombian rural areas, especially in the Rionegro basin. The main result of this investigation was a reduction by one order of magnitude in mean 10% distribution transformer failure rate. During this research work a noticeable pattern was observed of several electrically-isolated metallic bodies immersed in an electric field (i.e. floating electrodes). This was led to initiating floating electrode studies and formulating a new scientific question, “How do corona electrical discharges interact with floating electrodes?” This new research question was dealt with during the second half of the 1990s and the first decade of the 2000s. This investigation was related to using electrostatically-accumulated charge on a floating electrode. This question opened up four research areas: gas discharge physics, generating fast current impulses, harvesting energy from the electric field and the possibility of high impedance current sources. This paper has summarised the most relevant work done by the EMC-UNC group on these topics. This floating electrode research work started by formulating four patents. Fresh research questions for the 2010s were related to measuring lightning electromagnetic pulses (LEMP), intentional electromagnetic interference (IEMI) studies, measuring picoseconds-rise-time impulses, cleaning water by corona discharge and harvesting, accumulating and using small amounts of energy extracted from electric and electromagnetic fields. The future of the EMC-UNC group is closely related to interaction with other groups.