bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Nursing Universal Retention and Success Model for Student Success in a School of Nursing
Authors: Williams Wanda M. , Dahan Thomas A. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Not all students who enter nursing programs are prepared at the same level of educational equity, and some may have other obstacles that prevent their success once admitted. This may be especially true for underrepresented minority students. Early assessment of all students is essential to identify potential problems sooner versus later.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to identify at-risk nursing students early to ensure student success through appropriate referrals on campus.

Methods:
This was a secondary analysis of a student success program based on Jeffreys' Nursing Universal Retention and Success (NURS) model.

Results:
Four factors were identified that were used to tag and identify at-risk students within our student success management software program.

Conclusions:
The program was successful in identifying students based on 4 factors (low personal/college support, financial challenges, excessive work hours, and substantial family obligations) that could place them at risk, so students could be referred to appropriate resources available on campus early in the process.
Adverse childhood experiences and burn pain: a review of biopsychosocial mechanisms that may influence healing
Authors: Werthman Emily H. , Colloca Luana , Oswald Lynn M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) affect over half of the adults in the United States and are known to contribute to the development of a wide variety of negative health and behavioral outcomes. The consequences of ACE exposure have been studied in patient populations that include individuals with gynecologic, orthopedic, metabolic, autoimmune, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal conditions among others. Findings indicate that ACEs not only increase risks for chronic pain but also influence emotional responses to pain in many of these individuals. A growing body of research suggests that these effects may be the result of long-lasting changes induced by ACEs in neurobiological systems during early development. However, one area that is still largely unexplored concerns the effects of ACEs on burn patients, who account for almost 450,000 hospitalizations in the United States annually. Patients with severe burns frequently suffer from persistent pain that affects their well-being long after the acute injury, but considerable variability has been observed in the experience of pain across individuals. A literature search was conducted in CINAHL and PubMed to evaluate the possibility that previously documented ACE-induced changes in biological, psychological, and social processes might contribute to these differences. Findings suggest that better understanding of the role that ACEs play in burn outcomes could lead to improved treatment strategies, but further empirical research is needed to identify the predictors and mechanisms that dictate individual differences in pain outcomes in patients with ACE exposure and to clarify the role that ACE-related alterations play in early healing and recovery from burn injuries.
The Role of Premastectomy Mastopexy and Breast Reduction in the Reconstruction of the Enlarged or Ptotic Breast
Authors: Hammond Dennis C. , Little Andrea K. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
The indications for nipple-sparing mastectomy have broadened over time. Patients undergoing nipple-sparing mastectomy who have enlarged or ptotic breasts are at risk for skin flap and/or nipple-areola complex necrosis. Premastectomy mastopexy or breast reduction may reduce the risk for these complications.

Methods:
A retrospective review was undertaken in a series of patients who underwent premastectomy reduction mammaplasty or mastopexy followed by nipple-sparing mastectomy and immediate staged tissue expander/implant–based breast reconstruction. In each case, a subnipple biopsy was performed at the premastectomy procedure to clear it of any potential malignant involvement. In addition, the area under the areola was undermined to maximize the effect of the delay phenomenon on the eventual survival of the nipple-areola complex. Final reconstruction involved tissue expander exchange for a permanent implant with associated fat grafting. Data regarding surgical timing and selected postoperative complications were recorded.

Results:
In total, 39 implant-based reconstructions were performed in 20 patients. There were no cases of mastectomy flap necrosis, and partial necrosis of the nipple-areola complex with delayed wound healing was seen in two breasts in the same patient. All patients eventually completed the reconstructive process successfully.

Conclusion:
Premastectomy mastopexy or breast reduction may afford a protective effect against mastectomy flap or nipple-areola complex necrosis in patients with large or ptotic breasts who subsequently undergo nipple-sparing mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
In Search of the Most Attractive Lip Proportions and Lip Volume: An Eye Tracking– and Survey-Based Investigation
Authors: Frank Konstantin , Moellhoff Nicholas , Swift Arthur , Green Jeremy B. , Schuster Luca , Gotkin Robert H. , Hernandez Claudia A. , Voropai Daria , Haas Elisabeth M. , Cotofana Sebastian 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Despite various aesthetic trends, the ideal lip proportion and lip volume remains elusive. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the aesthetic perception of various lip shapes to identify the most attractive lips.

Methods:
Fifty-nine White study participants with a mean age of 32.73 ± 9.4 years were asked to assess lips of various proportions and of various volumes. Gaze assessment and aesthetic rating of the same set of modified lip images were performed.

Results:
The results revealed that the lip proportion that was rated to be most attractive was the 1:1.6 ratio (upper-to-lower lip, 4.21 of a possible 5). This lip proportion, however, was not the first one to be viewed on initial image display (1.20 sec) and had the shortest duration of a stable eye fixation within the 6-second image display interval (2.18 of 6 seconds). The lip volume that received the highest aesthetic rating was the 100 percent volume (original lip size), with 4.56 of a possible 5. This lip volume, however, had the third longest interval between initial image exposure and the first stable eye fixation (0.81 second) and had the shortest duration of stable eye fixations during the 6 seconds of image display (2.22 of 6 seconds).

Conclusion:
The results presented could be potentially reflective of the internal cognitive processes during the involuntary and voluntary assessment of lip attractiveness.
Mass Switch From Intravenous to Subcutaneous Tocilizumab in Rheumatic Diseases During the SARS-COV-2 Pandemic
Authors: Cáceres Vicente Aldasoro , Piñeiro María Laíño , Ibáñez-Beróiz Berta , Enguita-Germán Mónica 
Published: June 2022

Background
With the arrival of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 2020, it was proposed to make the change from intravenous (IV) tocilizumab (TCZ) to its subcutaneous formulation, in order to avoid rheumatological patients having to go to the day hospital and guarantee enough IV TCZ for those critical patients with COVID who needed it. The aim of this study was to describe the rate and reasons for switching back to IV TCZ from subcutaneous TCZ.

Methods
We included patients from the rheumatology service that were on treatment with IV TCZ in February 2020 and were followed up until March 2021. Patients that remained on subcutaneous TCZ were compared with those who switched back to IV TCZ (switch-back group). A subgroup analysis according to rheumatic disease was performed.

Results
Fifty-five patients switched to subcutaneous TCZ: 28 rheumatoid arthritis, 19 giant cell arteritis, 4 polymyalgia rheumatica, 2 juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and 2 systemic sclerosis. Seventeen patients switched back to IV TCZ due to ineffectiveness (n = 8), patient preference (n = 4), adverse events (n = 4), and difficulty with the SC administration route (n = 1). In the analysis by disease, 4 of 23 patients switched back to IV TCZ in giant cell arteritis/polymyalgia rheumatica group due to ineffectiveness (n = 2), injection site reaction (n = 1), or patient preference (n = 1). In rheumatoid arthritis group, 11 of 28 patients switched back to IV TCZ: ineffectiveness (n = 5), patient preference (n = 3), headache (n = 1), injection site reaction (n = 1), and due to difficulty with the SC administration route (n = 1).

Conclusions
Mass switch from IV to subcutaneous TCZ during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been safe, effective, and well tolerated after 1 year of follow-up.
Effects of Theophylline on ADCY5 Activation - From Cellular Studies to Improved Therapeutic Options for ADCY5-Related Dyskinesia Patients
Authors: Tänzler Dirk , Kipping Marc , Lederer Marcell , Günther Wiebke F. , Arlt Christian , Hüttelmaier Stefan , Merkenschlager Andreas , Sinz Andrea 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe show the effects of the three purine derivatives, caffeine, theophylline, and istradefylline, on the cAMP production of adenylyl cyclase 5 (ADCY5)-overexpressing cell lines. A comparison of cAMP levels was performed for ADCY5 wild-type and R418W mutant cells. ADCY5-catalyzed cAMP production was reduced with all three purines, while the most pronounced effects on cAMP reduction were observed for ADCY5 R418W mutant cells. The gain-of-function ADCY5 R418W mutant is characterized by an increased catalytic activity resulting in elevated cAMP levels, resulting in kinetic disorders or dyskinesia in patients. Based on our findings in ADCY5 cells, a slow-release formulation of theophylline was administered to a preschool aged patient with ADCY5-related dyskinesia. A striking improvement of symptoms was observed, outperforming the effects of caffeine that had previously been administered to the same patient.
A kinetic modeling platform for predicting the efficacy of siRNA formulations in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Roh Esther H. , Sullivan Millicent O. , Epps Thomas H. 
Published: June 2022

SummaryWe present a computational modeling protocol that can accurately predict changes in both in vitro and in vivo gene expression levels in response to the application of various siRNA formulations. Users can obtain crucial information (i.e., maximum silencing level; duration of silencing) towards the design of therapeutically relevant dosing regimens with experimental measurements from a single time point as an input. This ability to simulate numerous experimental gene silencing scenarios has not been demonstrated previously with other RNA interference models.Graphical abstract
Temporal and spatial segregations between phenotypes of the Diablotin Black-capped PetrelPterodroma hasitataduring the breeding and non-breeding periods
Authors: Satgé Yvan G. , Keitt Bradford S. , Gaskin Chris P. , Patteson J. Brian , Jodice Patrick G.R. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTAimDespite growing support for ecosystem-based approaches, conservation is mostly implemented at the species level. However, genetic differentiation exists within this taxonomic level, putting genetically distinct populations at risk of local extinction. In seabirds, reproductive isolation is one of the principal drivers of genetic structure. In the Diablotin Black-capped PetrelPterodroma hasitata, an endangered gadfly petrel endemic to the Caribbean, two phenotypes have been described: a smaller dark form and a heavier light form, which are genetically distinct. We hypothesized that color forms have a similar non-breeding distribution at sea but distinct nesting distributions.LocationWestern North Atlantic and northern Caribbean islands.MethodsIn May 2019, we captured 5 adult Black-capped Petrels of each phenotype at sea and equipped them with satellite transmitters. We used generalized linear mixed models to test the importance of phenotype on geographic distribution. Using kernel density estimations, we located use areas, quantified spatial overlap between forms, and assessed form-specific exposure to marine threats. Finally, we used tracking data to estimate the distribution and timing of nesting.ResultsPetrels were tracked for 11 – 255 d (mean = 102.1 d±74.2). During the non-breeding period, all individuals ranged from 28.4 – 43.0 degrees latitude. Phenotypes had significantly distinct non-breeding distributions. In the western North Atlantic, the dark form was exposed to more marine threats than the light form. We recorded two trips (1 individual of each form) to known breeding areas, with the light form initiating breeding 1.5 months before the dark form.Main conclusionsPhenotypic differences in the Black-capped Petrel were linked to differences in nesting phenology, non-breeding marine distribution, and at-sea threat exposure. To sustain the species’ representation, redundancy, and resiliency in the light of environmental changes, it is likely that the evolutionary processes that resulted in genetic differentiation will also need to be conserved.
Protection promotes energetically efficient structures in marine communities
Authors: Tabi Andrea , Gilarranz Luis J. , Wood Spencer A. , Dunne Jennifer A. , Saavedra Serguei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe sustainability of marine communities is critical for supporting many biophysical processes that provide ecosystem services that promote human well-being. It is expected that anthropogenic disturbances such as climate change and human activities will tend to create less energetically-efficient ecosystems that support less biomass per unit energy flow. It is debated, however, whether this expected development should translate into bottom-heavy (with small basal species being the most abundant) or top-heavy communities (where more biomass is supported at higher trophic levels with species having larger body sizes). Here, we combine ecological theory and empirical data to demonstrate that full marine protection promotes shifts towards top-heavy energetically-efficient structures in marine communities. First, we use metabolic scaling theory to show that protected communities are expected to display stronger top-heavy structures than disturbed communities. Similarly, we show theoretically that communities with high energy transfer efficiency display stronger top-heavy structures than communities with low transfer efficiency. Next, we use empirical structures observed within fully protected marine areas compared to disturbed areas that vary in stress from thermal events and adjacent human activity. Using a nonparametric causal-inference analysis, we find a strong, positive, causal effect between full marine protection and stronger top-heavy structures. Our work corroborates ecological theory on community development and provides a quantitative framework to study the potential restorative effects of different candidate strategies on protected areas.PreprintThe manuscript [1] is deposited on bioRxiv (https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.06.02.494503).
Distinct Single-cell Immune Ecosystems Distinguish True and De Novo HBV-related Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrences
Authors: Chen Shuling , Huang Cheng , Liao Guanrui , Sun Huichuan , Xie Yubin , Wang Jianping , He Minghui , Hu Huanjing , Dai Zihao , Ren Xiaoxue , Zeng Xuezhen , Zeng Qianwen , Zhang Guopei , Liao Changyi , Xie Wenxuan , Shen Shunli , Li Shaoqiang , Peng Sui , Kuang Dongming , Zhao Qiang , Duda Dan G. , Kuang Ming 
Published: June 2022

SummaryRevealing differential tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) characteristics between true versus de novo hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence could help optimal development and use of immunotherapies. Here, we studied the TIME of recurrent HBV-related HCCs by 5’and VDJ single-cell and bulk RNA-sequencing, flow cytometry, and multiplexed immunofluorescence. Analyses of mutational profiles, evolutionary trajectories, and clonal architecture using whole-exome sequencing identified de novo versus true recurrences, some of which occurred before clinical diagnosis. The TIME of truly recurrent HCCs was characterized by an increased abundance in KLRB1+CD8+ T cells with memory phenotype and low cytotoxicity. In contrast, we found an enrichment in cytotoxic and exhausted CD8+ T cells in the TIME of de novo recurrent HCCs. Transcriptomic and interaction analyses showed an upregulated GDF15 expression level on HCC cells in proximity to dendritic cells, which may have dampened antigen presentation and inhibited anti-tumor immunity in the TIME of truly recurrent lesions. In contrast, we found that myeloid cells’ crosstalk with T cells mediated T cell exhaustion and immunosuppression in the TIME of de novo recurrent HCC. In conclusion, our results support genomic diagnosis and immune profiling for guiding immunotherapy implementation based on the type of HCC recurrence and TIME.HighlightsTruly recurrent lesions are seeded before primary tumor diagnosis, and that de novo cancer can occur earlier than the clinically used 2-year limit.ScRNA-seq unravels distinct immune ecosystems in true versus de novo HCC recurrences, highlighting the need for different immunotherapy strategies for two types of HCC recurrence.CD8+ T cells in de novo recurrence displayed cytotoxic and exhausted phenotypes while those in truly recurrent lesions showed a memory phenotype with weak cytotoxicity.HCC cells expressing the inhibitory molecule GDF15 were in the proximity of DCs only in truly recurrent lesions.High GDF15 expression level was associated with truly recurrent HCC and worse prognosis.Graphical abstract
Controllable membrane damage by tunable peptide aggregation with albumin
Authors: Hamsici Seren , Gunay Gokhan , Acar Handan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAggregation of otherwise soluble proteins into amyloid structures is a hallmark of many disorders, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. There is increasing evidence and acceptance that instead of ordered amyloid assemblies, the misfolded oligomer aggregations are the main toxic structures. However, there is no system to study the mechanism and kinetics of aggregation, distinguish between ordered structures and misfolded oligomers, and correlate the structures to their toxicity. The exact role of oligomer aggregation in the pathological process remains to be elucidated. Here, we use an engineered co-assembling oppositely charged amyloid-like peptide pair ([II]) to relate its aggregation to toxicity. The toxicity mechanism of [II] is through cell membrane damage and stress, as shown with YAP and eIF2α biomarkers, as in the amyloid protein-initiated diseases. Albumin is used to control the aggregation of [II], and so its toxicity. This study represents a molecular engineering strategy to study the aggregation process of amyloid-like structures in diseases. Understanding the nature of protein aggregation through engineered peptides paves the way for future designs and drug development applications.
Heat stress does not induce wasting symptoms in the giant California sea cucumber (Apostichopus californicus)
Authors: Taylor Declan , Farr Jonathan James , Lim Em G , Fleet Jenna Laurel , Smith Wuitchik Sara Jayne , Wuitchik Daniel Michael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOceanic heat waves have significant impacts on disease dynamics in marine ecosystems. A severe sea cucumber wasting event occurred in Nanoose Bay, British Columbia, Canada, following an extreme heat wave, resulting in mass mortality of Apostichopus californicus. Here, we sought to determine if heat stress in isolation could trigger wasting symptoms in A. californicus. We exposed sea cucumbers to i) a simulated marine heat wave (22ºC), ii) an elevated temperature treatment (17ºC), or iii) control conditions (12ºC). We measured the presence of skin ulcers, mortality, posture maintenance, antipredator defences, spawning, and organ evisceration during the 79-hour thermal exposure, as well as 7-days post-exposure. Both the 22°C and 17°C treatments elicited stress responses where individuals exhibited a reduced ability to maintain posture and an increase in stress spawning. The 22ºC heat wave was particularly stressful, as it was the only treatment where mortality was observed. However, none of the treatments induced wasting symptoms as observed in the Nanoose Bay event. This study provides evidence that sea cucumber wasting is not triggered by heat stress in isolation, leaving the cause of the mass mortality event observed in Nanoose unknown.
Preferential catabolism of L- vs D-serine by Proteus mirabilis contributes to pathogenesis and catheter-associated urinary tract infection
Authors: Brauer Aimee L. , Learman Brian S. , Taddei Steven M. , Deka Namrata , Hunt Benjamin C. , Armbruster Chelsie E. 
Published: June 2022

SummaryProteus mirabilis is a common cause of urinary tract infection, especially in catheterized individuals. Amino acids are the predominant nutrient for bacteria during growth in urine, and our prior studies identified several amino acid import and catabolism genes as fitness factors for P. mirabilis catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), particularly D- and L-serine. In this study, we sought to determine the hierarchy of amino acid utilization by P. mirabilis and to examine the relative importance of D- vs L-serine catabolism for critical steps in CAUTI development and progression. Herein, we show that P. mirabilis preferentially catabolizes L-serine during growth in human urine, followed by D-serine, threonine, tyrosine, glutamine, tryptophan, and phenylalanine. Independently disrupting catabolism of either D- or L-serine has minimal impact on in vitro phenotypes while completely disrupting both pathways decreases motility, biofilm formation, and fitness due to perturbation of membrane potential and cell wall biosynthesis. In a mouse model of CAUTI, loss of either serine catabolism system decreased fitness, but disrupting L-serine catabolism caused a greater fitness defect than disrupting D-serine catabolism. We therefore conclude that hierarchical utilization of amino acids may be a critical component of P. mirabilis colonization and pathogenesis within the urinary tract.Abbreviated SummaryAmino acids are a predominant nutrient in urine, and their import and catabolism has been hypothesized to contribute to the ability of bacteria to cause urinary tract infection. We demonstrate that a common uropathogen, Proteus mirabilis, preferentially catabolizes L-serine followed by D-serine, threonine, tyrosine, and glutamine during growth in human urine. We further demonstrate that L-serine catabolism provides a greater fitness advantage than D-serine catabolism, yet both pathways contribute to pathogenesis in the urinary tract.Graphical Abstract(Created using BioRender.com)