bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and risk factor of postoperative adhesions following repeated cesarean section: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Aboshama Rehab Abdelhamid , Taha Omima T. , Abdel Halim Hala Waheed , Elrehim Eman Ibrahim Abd , Kamal Shaimaa Hanafy Moustafa , ElSherbiny Ahmed Mohamed , Magdy Hagar Abdelgawad , Albayadi Eslam , Elsaid Rasha Ezzat , Abdelghany Amany Mohamed , Anan Mohamed A. , Abdelfattah Laila Ezzat 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence of intraperitoneal adhesions after repeated cesarean delivery and its associated personal and surgical risk factors.MethodsThis prospective cohort study was conducted at the delivery ward at Fayoum University Hospital from October 2020 to December 2021. Women were recruited according to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Eligible women were interviewed, and data were obtained for personal history, past surgical and obstetrical history, and data about the current delivery. Nair's scoring system was used to evaluate intraperitoneal adhesions. Postoperative data and complications were reported.ResultsThree hundred women were recruited. Moderate to severe adhesions occurred in 186 patients (62%). These patients had a significantly prolonged hospital stay and were delivered by expert surgeons (P < 0.001 and P = 0.008, respectively). The adhesion score correlated positively with patients' age (P < 0.001), parity (P < 0.001), interpregnancy interval (P = 0.033), duration of hospital admission either previously or in the current delivery (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001), time to ambulation (P < 0.001), time to intestinal movement (P < 0.001), operative time (P < 0.001), and surgeons' age and experience (both P = 0.015).ConclusionAdhesions led to increased maternal morbidity. Multiple contributing factors were significantly related to adhesions with multiple cesarean deliveries.
Does a Lingua Franca matter in bilateral international trade?
Authors: Su Li , Jung Hojin , Yang Mingzhuo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article explores the impact of language proficiency on international trade by using panel data analysis. To do so, we construct a time‐variant test‐score‐based measure of common language. Controlling for the standard gravity model variables, we find strong empirical evidence that English proficiency promotes bilateral trade flows through facilitating direct communication. We confirm that this finding is robust even when we estimate its effects separately on goods and services trade flows at a disaggregated level. Furthermore, we show that institutional similarities between trading partners play a role that is similar to communication easiness in trade. Our study provides a policy implication for government support for attaining second language fluency.
Novel NRF2‐activated cancer treatments utilizing synthetic lethality
Authors: Baird Liam , Kensler Thomas W. , Yamamoto Masayuki 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe KEAP1‐NRF2 pathway regulates the main inducible cellular response to oxidative and electrophilic stresses. Activating mutations in the KEAP1‐NRF2 pathway occur commonly in human cancer, where they contribute to the formation of aggressive tumours that are associated with a poor prognosis for patients. An important clinical feature of these tumours is their defiance to all current anti‐cancer treatment regimens, highlighting the need for the development of new therapeutic strategies to target NRF2‐activated cancers. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms through which acquired NRF2 hyperactivation can result in resistance of tumours to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies in addition to classical chemotherapeutics, and propose with examples that using a synthetic lethal strategy mediated by NRF2‐target gene‐dependent bioactivation of prodrugs represents a promising strategy to specifically enhance toxicity to heretofore untreatable NRF2‐hyperactivated human tumours.
Sensitivity of coupled cluster electronic properties on the reference determinant: Can Kohn–Sham orbitals be more beneficial than Hartree–Fock orbitals?
Authors: Benedek Zsolt , Timár Paula , Szilvási Tibor , Barcza Gergely 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCoupled cluster calculations are traditionally performed over Hartree–Fock reference orbitals (HF‐CC methodology). However, in the literature it has been repeatedly raised whether the use of a Kohn–Sham reference (KS‐CC methodology) might result in improved performance relative to HF‐CC. In the present study, we re‐examine the relation of HF‐CC and KS‐CC methods by comparing the results of widely applied truncated CC calculations (CCSD, CCSD(T), CCSDT) to the limit of full configuration interaction (FCI), which serves as an undebatable reference point of accuracy. Based on a series of CC calculations on diatoms and transition metal complexes, we demonstrate that no systematic improvement of coupled cluster electronic energies, densities and chemical reaction energies is expected when changing from HF to a KS reference. Nevertheless, fortuitous error cancellations might occasionally result in illusory improvement compared to HF‐CC. Altogether, the application of KS‐CC is not advantageous over HF‐CC, but it is also not unreasonable as the choice of reference has negligible influence on the results at sufficiently high CC levels. In addition, KS‐CC can be a particularly useful alternative if difficulties are encountered in HF or HF‐CC convergence. It is also notable that KS‐CC results are found to be practically independent of the chosen density functional, which implies that almost any KS‐CC method can be used in place of HF‐CC.
Ceftolozane/Tazobactam Probability of Target Attainment in Patients With Hospital‐Acquired or Ventilator‐Associated Bacterial Pneumonia
Authors: Gao Wei , Patel Yogesh T. , Zhang Zufei , Johnson Matthew G. , Fiedler‐Kelly Jill , Bruno Christopher J. , Rhee Elizabeth G. , Anda Carisa De , Feng Hwa‐Ping 
Published: October 2022

AbstractProbability of target attainment (PTA) analyses were conducted to support the recommended ceftolozane/tazobactam dosing regimens, adjusted for renal function, in patients with hospital‐acquired/ventilator‐associated bacterial pneumonia (HABP/VABP). Previously published population pharmacokinetic models describing the disposition of ceftolozane and tazobactam in plasma and epithelial lining fluid (ELF) in patients with HABP/VABP were used to simulate ceftolozane and tazobactam concentration–time profiles in plasma and ELF over the course of 14 days. The simulations were conducted for patients with normal renal function and for patients receiving adjusted doses for mild, moderate, and severe renal impairment. PTA was calculated using established pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic targets for ceftolozane and tazobactam. Across renal function groups, plasma PTA was 100% for ceftolozane and >99% for tazobactam; ELF PTA was >99% for ceftolozane and >87% for tazobactam. These results provided support for the currently recommended ceftolozane/tazobactam dosing regimens for HABP/VABP, which were efficacious and well tolerated in the Ceftolozane–Tazobactam Versus Meropenem for Treatment of Nosocomial Pneumonia (ASPECT‐NP) trial.
Dentists of tomorrow 2022: An analysis of the results of the ADEA 2022 Survey of U.S. Dental School Seniors
Authors: Istrate Emilia C. , Cooper Betsy , West Karen P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurpose/ObjectivesThis study examines the journey of US dental schools’ predoctoral senior class of 2022, from the influences on and their motivations to pursue careers in dentistry, the aspects of their dental school experiences, plans upon graduation, and the investment in their careers.MethodsThe study is an analysis of the results of the American Dental Education Association (ADEA) Survey of Dental School Seniors, 2022 Graduating Class. Each year, ADEA surveys senior predoctoral students from the accredited US dental schools. Whenever feasible, the answers of the survey respondents from the 2022 class were compared with their 2017 counterparts and with the responses of 2022 predoctoral senior students of historically underrepresented race and ethnicity groups.ResultsThe analysis revealed that 47% of the 2022 respondents decided to become a dentist before going to undergraduate college, more than the proportion of their 2017 colleagues (44%). When it comes to preparedness to practice dentistry, the responses indicated a high level of readiness to go into the profession. Nineteen percent of survey participants reported that the COVID‐19 pandemic affected their professional plans immediately after graduation. Between 2017 and 2022, the share of survey respondents who planned to join a private practice immediately after graduation increased from 48% to 53%. Almost a third of the 2022 respondents who planned to go into private practice immediately upon graduation intended to join a dental service organization. When accounting for inflation, the average education debt for students graduating with debt who responded to ADEA 2022 survey was 11% lower from what the 2017 respondents reported.ConclusionsThis study finds that some preferences changed from the 2017 cohort to the 2022 cohort toward deciding to go to dental school before college and joining a private practice upon graduation. Senior students responding to the ADEA survey in 2022 stated a high level of preparedness to practice dentistry. US dental schools pursued consistently their mission to educate, train, and graduate oral health professionals fully prepared to go into the profession.
Misdiagnosis of adult primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis as NK/T‐cell lymphoma: A case report
Authors: Kong Qi , Wang Jingshi , Zhang Yanlin , Hu Junxia , Yu Mingzhu , Wu Lin , Wang Zhao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe reported a case of a 19‐year‐old male patient with central nervous system symptoms as the main clinical manifestations, and multiple intracranial and abdominal occupying lesions visualized by imaging examinations, who was initially misdiagnosed as NK/T‐cell lymphoma but poorly responsive to the treatment. Finally, he was diagnosed as familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type‐2 by genome sequencing, perforin test and pedigree study. The patient survived well after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Central nervous system symptoms could be the main clinical manifestations in patients with primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis , whose early‐stage manifestations of blood system were usually atypical, easily leading to misdiagnosis. In clinical practice, primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis should be considered in patients with central nervous system symptoms and unknown causes. The combination of rapid immunological function test and genome sequencing contributes to the diagnosis of primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.
Microvascular Dysfunction Associates With Outcomes in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Insights From the Intravoxel Incoherent MotionMRI
Authors: Xiang Xiaorui , Lin Xiaoqiang , Zhang Baoteng , Lin Chen , Lei Junqiang , Guo Shunlin , Zhao Shihua 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundAlthough intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI has emerged as an in vivo marker of tissue diffusion and perfusion, its prognostic value in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) remains unclear.PurposeTo investigate whether IVIM‐MRI derived parameters are associated with outcomes in patients with HCM.Study TypeProspective cohort.SubjectsA total of 112 patients (51.72 ± 17.13 years) with suspected or known HCM.Field Strength/SequenceSingle‐shot echo planar IVIM imaging, balanced steady‐state free precession, and phase‐sensitive inversion‐recovery late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) sequences at 3 T.AssessmentAll patients were followed up of 29.3 ± 12.3 months for combined major adverse cardiac events (MACE) including cardiac death, aborted sudden death, heart transplantation, and rehospitalization for heart failure. The CVI42 imaging platform was used to assess morphological and functional MRI indices and to quantify LGE. The Body Diffusion Toolbox was used to derive pseudo diffusion (D*), water molecular diffusion (D) and perfusion fraction (f).Statistical TestsUnivariable and stepwise multivariable Cox model analyses were used to investigate the association between variables and composite endpoints. Kaplan–Meier curves were constructed to assess event‐free survival, and the event rates were compared by the log‐rank test.ResultsA total of 19 patients reached endpoints. Patients with MACE showed a significantly impaired D* value, lower f value, and more extensive LGE than those without MACE (all,P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in D value (P = 0.285). In the Cox regression models, D* value (hazard ratio [HR] 0.93; 95% CI: 0.88–0.98) and f value (HR 0.65; 95% CI: 0.45–0.92) were independent predictors for MACE. Moreover, in Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, the incidence of MACE was significantly higher in patients with decreased D* value and f value.ConclusionsImpaired D* and f values derived from IVIM‐MRI are associated with adverse outcomes in patients with HCM.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage2
The effect of surgical change to hip geometry on hip biomechanics after primary total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Bahl Jasvir S. , Arnold John B. , Saxby David J. , Taylor Mark , Solomon Lucian B. , Thewlis Dominic 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of surgical change to the acetabular offset and femoral offset on the abductor muscle and hip contact forces after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) using computational methods. Thirty‐five patients undergoing primary THA were recruited. Patients underwent a computed tomography scan of their pelvis and hip, and underwent gait analysis pre‐ and 6‐months postoperatively. Surgically induced changes in acetabular and femoral offset were used to inform a musculoskeletal model to estimated abductor muscle and hip joint contact forces. Two experiments were performed: (1) influence of changes in hip geometry on hip biomechanics with preoperative kinematics; and (2) influence of changes in hip geometry on hip biomechanics with postoperative kinematics. Superior and medial placement of the hip centre of rotation during THA was most influential in reducing hip contact forces, predicting 63% of the variance (p < 0.001). When comparing the preoperative geometry and kinematics model, with postoperative geometry and kinematics, hip contact forces increased after surgery (0.68 BW, p = 0.001). Increasing the abductor lever arm reduced abductor muscle force by 28% (p < 0.001) and resultant hip contact force by 17% (0.6 BW, p = 0.003), with both preoperative and postoperative kinematics. Failure to increase abductor lever arm increased resultant hip contact force 11% (0.33 BW, p < 0.001). In conclusion, increasing the abductor lever arm provides a substantial biomechanical benefit to reduce hip abductor and resultant hip joint contact forces. The magnitude of this effect is equivalent to the average increase in hip contact force seen with improved gait from pre‐to post‐surgery.
Effect of implant length variations on stress shielding in proximal humeral replacement after tumor excision under torsion: Finite element study
Authors: Pareatumbee Pivatidevi , Zainul‐Abidin Suraya , Yew Andy , Chou Siaw M. , Howe Tet Sen , Koh Joyce S. B. , Tan Mann Hong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe proximal humerus is the most common site of occurrence of primary bone tumors in the upper limb. Endoprosthetic replacement is deemed as the preferred reconstructive option following primary resection of bone tumors. However, it has been also associated with complications such as stress shielding and aseptic loosening compromising prosthetic survival. Our objective was to conduct a finite element (FE) study to investigate the effect of varying endoprosthesis length on bone stresses as well as to quantify the extent of stress shielding across the bone length (BL) in a humerus‐prosthesis assembly for proximal humeral replacement after tumor excision thereby allowing us to identify the optimal implant length with best biomechanical performance. FE models of the intact humerus and humerus‐prosthesis assemblies were established where they were loaded at the elbow joint under torsion with the glenohumeral joint fixed to represent twisting. After dividing the bone into individual slices consisting of 5% BL, the maximum cortical and cancellous principal, von Mises and shear bone stresses were calculated. To measure the level of stress shielding, the percentage stress change from the intact state was evaluated across each slice. Similar stress patterns were observed between the intact state and shorter endoprosthesis compared to the longer endoprostheses. Our findings illustrated the possibility of stress shielding occurring under torsional forces with its effect increasing with implant lengthening. To conclude, we believe that using a shorter prosthesis may substantially diminish the risk of potential implant failure due to stress shielding.
Nonlinear multidecadal trends in organic matter dynamics in Midwest reservoirs are a function of variable hydroclimate
Authors: Bhattacharya Ruchi , Jones John R. , Graham Jennifer L. , Obrecht Daniel V. , Thorpe Anthony P. , Harlan James D. , North Rebecca L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDissolved organic matter (DOM) and particulate organic matter (POM) can influence biogeochemical processes in aquatic systems. An understanding, however, of the source, composition, and processes driving inland reservoir organic matter (OM) cycling at a regional scale over the long term is currently unexplored. Here, we quantify decadal patterns (> 20 yr) of DOM quantity and composition and POM in 40 reservoirs in the midcontinent United States. We built 184 Random Forest models to identify how the relative influence of watershed characteristics and limnological parameters on OM dynamics may vary over time and in synchrony with hydroclimatic anomalies. The reservoir OM quantity and composition varied nonmonotonically through time and in contrast to lake browning observed in the northern hemisphere. Reservoir DOM composition switched from humic and aromatic during wet summers to aliphatic, potentially autochthonous DOM during particularly prolonged dry summers in the mid‐2000s. The shift in reservoir DOM quantity and composition could be attributed to the change in time‐varying control of watershed and limnological factors mediated by the hydroclimatic conditions. Watershed control (e.g., percent crops) was predominant during wet summers, while the effect of reservoir morphology (e.g., maximum depth) and water quality parameters (e.g., Secchi depth, chlorophyll a) were evident during dry summers. Thus, future predictions of drier conditions may promote “greening” with negative implications for reservoir water quality and treated drinking water. Considering the nonlinear nature of reservoir OM dynamics and its controls will help to better mitigate water quality issues in these constructed systems increasingly impacted by global changes.
Streaking artifact reduction for CBCT‐based synthetic CT generation in adaptive radiotherapy
Authors: Gao Liugang , Xie Kai , Sun Jiawei , Lin Tao , Sui Jianfeng , Yang Guanyu , Ni Xinye 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundCone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) is widely used for daily image guidance in radiation therapy, enhancing the reproducibility of patient setup. However, its application in adaptive radiotherapy (ART) is limited by many imaging artifacts and inaccurate Hounsfield units (HUs). The correction of CBCT image is necessary and of great value for CBCT‐based ART.PurposeTo explore the synthetic CT (sCT) generation from CBCT images of thorax and abdomen patients, which usually surfer from serious artifacts duo to organ state changes. In this study, a streaking artifact reduction network (SARN) is proposed to reduce artifacts and combine with cycleGAN to generate high‐quality sCT images from CBCT and achieve an accurate dose calculation.MethodsThe proposed SARN was trained in a self‐supervised manner. Artifact‐CT images were generated from planning CT by random deformation and projection replacement, and SARN was trained based on paired artifact—CT and CT images. The planning CT and CBCT images of 260 patients with cancer, including 120 thoracic and 140 abdominal CT scans, were used to train and evaluate neural networks. The CBCT images of another 12 patients in late treatment fractions, which contained large anatomy changes, were also tested by trained models. The trained models include commonly used U‐Net, cycleGAN, attention‐gated cycleGAN (cycAT), and cascade models combined SARN with cycleGAN or cycAT. The generated sCT images were compared in terms of image quality and dose calculation accuracy.ResultsThe sCT images generated by SARN combined with cycleGAN and cycAT showed the best image quality, removed the most artifacts, and retained the normal anatomical structure. The SARN+cycleGAN performed best in streaking artifacts removal with the maximum percent integrity uniformity (PIUm) of 91.0% and minimum standard deviation (SD) of 35.4 HU for delineated artifact regions among all models. The mean absolute error (MAE) of CBCT images in the thorax and abdomen were 71.6 and 55.2 HU, respectively, using planning CT images after deformable registration as ground truth. Compared with CBCT, the thoracic and abdominal sCT images generated by each model had significantly improved image quality with smaller MAE (p< 0.05). The SARN+cycAT obtained the minimum MAEs of 42.5 HU in the thorax while SARN+cycleGAN got the minimum MAEs of 32.0 HU in the abdomen. The sCT generated by U‐Net had a remarkably lower anatomical structure accuracy compared with the other models. The thoracic and abdominal sCT images generated by SARN+cycleGAN showed optimal dose calculation accuracy with gamma passing rates (2 mm/2%) of 98.2% and 96.9%, respectively.ConclusionsThe proposed SARN can reduce serious streaking artifacts in CBCT images. The SARN combined with cycleGAN can generate high‐quality sCT images with fewer artifacts, high‐accuracy HU values, and accurate anatomical structures, thus providing reliable dose calculation in ART.