bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of gradient scheme and non‐linear shimming on out‐of‐voxel echo artifacts in edited MRS
Authors: Song Yulu , Zöllner Helge J. , Hui Steve C. N. , Hupfeld Kathleen E. , Oeltzschner Georg , Edden Richard A. E. 
Published: October 2022

Out‐of‐voxel (OOV) signals are common spurious echo artifacts in MRS. These signals often manifest in the spectrum as very strong “ripples,” which interfere with spectral quantification by overlapping with targeted metabolite resonances. Dephasing optimization through coherence order pathway selection (DOTCOPS) gradient schemes are algorithmically optimized to suppress all potential alternative coherence transfer pathways (CTPs), and should suppress unwanted OOV echoes. In addition, second‐order shimming uses non‐linear gradient fields to maximize field homogeneity inside the voxel, which unfortunately increases the diversity of local gradient fields outside of the voxel. Given that strong local spatial B0 gradients can refocus unintended CTPs, it is possible that OOVs are less prevalent when only linear first‐order shimming is applied. Here we compare the size of unwanted OOV signals in Hadamard‐edited (HERMES) data acquired with either a local gradient scheme (which we refer to here as “Shared”) or DOTCOPS, and with first‐ or second‐order shimming. We collected data from 15 healthy volunteers in two brain regions (voxel size 30 × 26 × 26 mm3) from which it is challenging to acquire MRS data: medial prefrontal cortex and left temporal cortex. Characteristic OOV echoes were seen in both GABA‐ and GSH‐edited spectra for both brain regions, gradient schemes, and shimming approaches. A linear mixed‐effect model revealed a statistically significant difference in the average residual based on the gradient scheme in both GABA‐ (p < 0.001) and GSH‐edited (p < 0.001) spectra: that is, the DOTCOPS gradient scheme resulted in smaller OOV artifacts compared with the Shared scheme. There were no significant differences in OOV artifacts associated with shimming method. Thus, these results suggest that the DOTCOPS gradient scheme for J‐difference‐edited PRESS acquisitions yields spectra with smaller OOV echo artifacts than the Shared gradient scheme implemented in a widely disseminated editing sequence.
Frequency‐selective electromagnetic interference shielding carbon spacer yarn fabric/polyurethane foam composites
Authors: Cai Jie , Wang Liang , Qi Yexiong , Wan Gang , Fu Hongjun , Guo Huan , Zhong Zhili 
Published: October 2022

Abstract3D fabric‐reinforced composites with electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance are in urgent demand to deal with the electromagnetic (EM) pollution. In this work, carbon spacer fabrics/polyurethane foam (CSF/PUF) composites were prepared via in situ integration of PUF with fabrics. Their EMI shielding and frequency‐selective performances were realized via designing 3D fabric. CSF/PUF possesses two types of Fabry‐Pérot cavities that generated incident EM waves' resonances according to the quarter‐wavelength theory. The average total EMI shielding effectiveness (SET) of 3CSF/PUF was 69.6 dB in the X band. The maximum EMI SET of 3CSF/PUF was up to 83.2 dB in 9.7 GHz. The peaks of EMI SE move to the high‐frequency region with the increase of carbon spacer yarns' density. Moreover, CSF acted as a reinforcement role and significantly improved the mechanical properties of PUF. The peak stress under compression, three‐point bending and low‐velocity impact increased by 4.2‐, 5.6‐, and 4.9‐folds, respectively. CSF/PUF also exhibited good thermal insulation properties, maintaining a temperature difference of at least 19.5°C across its thickness at 60°C. The as‐prepared spacing yarn carbon fabric‐reinforced composite foams may raise an interest to explore multifunctional EMI materials via fabric structure design.
Purity prediction of the two‐stage high voltage electrostatic separation of a mixture of three polymers
Authors: Tian Chifeng , Zhang Hongshen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractClean and efficient separation is an important requirement for the high‐value‐added recycling of end‐of‐life automobile polymers. In this study, polymer particles for vehicles were considered as research objects, and a two‐stage electrostatic separation device was designed to separate a mixture of three polymer particles. A kinematic model of friction‐charged particles in a two‐stage free‐fall separator was established. Then, a suitable time period for triboelectrostatic charging with regard to electrostatic separation was determined, and a charge–mass ratio distribution of mixed‐polymer particles, that is, polyamide (PA), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene (PE), was measured using a Faraday cage based on the triboelectrostatic charging experiment of three types of particles in a friction barrel‐type tribocharger. The theoretical purities of PA, PP, and PE were calculated using the motion and particle charge–mass ratio distribution models were 100.00%, 89.51%, and 92.95% respectively. The experimental purities of PA, PP, and PE were 94.68%, 80.76%, and 84.27%, respectively, which is consistent with the theoretical purity. Results of the study can provide a theoretical and experimental reference for one‐pass electrostatic separation of three kinds of plastic particles.
Structure, bonding, and interaction with molecular hydrogen of the β‐D‐glucopyranose―silver+ (1:1) complex
Authors: Mondal Sukanta 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn silico studies have been carried out at PBE0‐D3/def2‐TZVP level of theory to disclose the nature of bonding in β‐D‐glucopyranose – silver ion (1:1) complex ([Ag(C6H12O6)]+). Moreover, the interaction of molecular hydrogen with the [Ag(C6H12O6)]+ complex is studied. In doing so, it is found that the metal site can interact with up to three hydrogen molecules with a binding energy of 5.3 kcal/mol per H2. Calculated ∆G298 K values disclose that the interaction of the first H2 with the [Ag(C6H12O6)]+ complex is exergonic, whereas a slightly endergonic nature of interaction is noted for the two and three H2 cases. Electron density and electron density‐based reactivity descriptors help in resolving the nature of interaction between metal ions and C6H12O6 as well as between the metal center and molecular hydrogens. An energy decomposition analysis reveals the orbital interaction as the major contributing factor to the total interaction energy for the one H2 case. Ab initio molecular dynamics study at different temperatures reveals kinetic stability of the hydrogen‐bound silver complex up to 1 ps. Conceptual density functional theory (CDFT) based reactivity descriptors, hardness and electrophilicity, help in assessing the stability trend of the hydrogen‐bound complexes during the simulation.
Hyperbranched polysiloxane (HBPSi)‐based colorless copolyimide films with atomic oxygen (AO) erosion resistance
Authors: Lian Ruhe , Lei Xingfeng , Xiong Guo , Xiao Yuyang , Zhang Qiuyu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractColorless polyimides (CPIs) with excellent optical transparency and atomic oxygen (AO) erosion resistance have potential applications in optoelectronic devices in low earth orbit (LEO) such as flexible thin film solar cells. Herein, 2‐trifluoromethyl‐4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl ether (3F‐ODA) and amine‐terminated HBPSi were synthesized as amino monomers. After co‐polymerizing with 1,2,4,5‐cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (CHDA) and 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) in a typical sequential reaction manner, a series of CPI films with various HBPSi contents were fabricated. The resulting CPIs show high optical transmittance (84.8%–86.8% at 400 nm), outstanding atomic oxygen (AO) erosion resistance (AO erosion rate 4% that of pure CPI), satisfactory mechanical properties (tensile strength ca. 80 MPa, tensile modulus ca. 2.8 GPa), good thermal stability (Td ≥ 467 °C, Tg ≥ 304 °C) and desirable solubility. More importantly, the resulting CPIs show increasing AO resistance with the increase of HBPSi amount, and a fairly high optical transmittance can still be retained after AO exposure, far better than that of pure CPI. These impressive performances enable HBPSi CPIs capable of being used as substrate for lightweight solar cell arrays onboard spacecraft in LEO environment.
Measurement and summary of photoionization data for biomass‐derived compounds
Authors: Zhuang Haifeng , Chen Lin , Xu Qiang , Liu Bingzhi , Liu Peiqi , Wang Zhandong , Jia Liangyuan 
Published: October 2022

RationaleBiomass is a potential feedstock for making liquid fuels and valuable chemicals. Quantitative analysis of biomass conversion in real time by photoionization mass spectrometry (PIMS) is an important way to understand the reaction process. However, the lack of photoionization data for biomass‐derived compounds limits the research using PIMS.MethodsMeasurements of photoionization data were performed with synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet PIMS. Toluene and methanol were used as calibrated references and solvents in this experiment since their photoionization cross‐sections (PICS) are well documented in the literature.ResultsThe ionization energies (IEs) of 23 biomass‐derived compounds were measured. Among them, the PICSs of 14 compounds were calibrated and presented. Besides, the IEs of 95 other biomass‐derived compounds and their typical fragment ions were also summarized.ConclusionsA photoionization database related to IEs and PICSs of biomass‐derived compounds (m/z < 200) is established. PICSs of most biomass‐derived compounds have low values at the most frequently used photoionization energy of 10.5 eV. Lignin‐derived compounds have lower IEs than carbohydrate‐derived compounds.
Multi‐consensus recovery of multi‐agent system with cyber‐attack based on topology reconstruction controller
Authors: Zhang Pu , Shan Qihe , Li Tieshan , Chen C. L. Philip 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article considers the multi‐consensus recovery for multi‐agent systems (MASs) when the communication network is under cyber‐attack. For distributed control of multi‐consensus, cyber‐attack will invalidate the communication links and seriously affect information interaction between agents, resulting in the destruction of original multi‐consensus. This article considers the design of a recovery topology reconstruction controller, which can ensure the recoverability of original multi‐consensus under cyber‐attack. First, some properties of multi‐consensus of MAS are analyzed. And the cyber‐attack model with the communication link as the attack location is described. Moreover, in order to ensure the simplification of the controller and maintain weak connectivity of original topology under the premise of recovering multi‐consensus, the topology reconstruction controller is further optimized and an optimization algorithm is proposed. Finally, the feasibility and validity of theoretical results are verified by numerical simulations.
Alexander Bogdanov, Stafford Beer and intimations of a post‐capitalist future
Authors: Jackson Michael C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlexander Bogdanov (1873–1928) was a Russian social theorist and revolutionary activist whose ‘universal organizational science’, or Tektology, is increasingly being recognized as offering stronger foundations for the systems approach than the later ‘general system theory’ of Ludwig von Bertalanffy. Had his thinking not been suppressed by Stalin, the course of Soviet history might have been different. Stafford Beer (1926–2002) was a British management scientist and consultant who was a pioneer in the development of ‘organizational cybernetics’. His best‐known engagement was with the government of Salvador Allende, in Chile, seeking to use his ‘viable system model’ to create a socialist society that did not rest on a command economy. This experiment was cut short by the Pinochet coup d'etat. I have found no evidence that Beer was familiar with the work of Bogdanov, and this makes the similarities in their thinking particularly striking. This paper explores the ideas they shared in common. The work of other writers who have drawn on the work of Bogdanov and Beer, in formulating contemporary visions of post‐capitalism, is highlighted.
Effects of liquid accelerant on the pyrolysis behaviors and kinetics of PMMA, a noncharring polymer
Authors: Liu Yitao , Zhao Zhiyuan , Chen Ruiyu , Xu Xiaokang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThermal decomposition of solid combustibles infiltrated with combustible liquids (liquid accelerants) is one typical fire behavior in arsons. In the present study, thermogravimetric and kinetic analyses are used to investigate the pyrolysis of one typical noncharring polymer namely polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) infiltrated with different contents of one representative liquid accelerant namely kerosene. Results indicate that the thermal decomposition process of pure PMMA and PMMA infiltrated with kerosene show a one‐stage and a three‐stage process, respectively. Furthermore, the first and third stages for PMMA infiltrated with kerosene can be both regarded as one‐step reaction. With the increase of kerosene content, the conversion rate ranges of the first and third stages for PMMA infiltrated with kerosene are shortened. The peak and average reaction rates of the first and second stages increase, while the peak and average reaction rates of the third stage decrease. The maximum and average reaction rates for the entire decomposition process also decrease. The average activation energy values for the whole and one certain stage both increase. Moreover, the calculated kinetic parameters can be used to accurately predict the thermal decomposition behavior of PMMA infiltrated with kerosene.
Sex and the basal mRNA synthesis machinery
Authors: Garsetti Diane E. , Sahay Khushboo , Wang Yue , Rogers Melissa B. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEvolution and change generated an incredible diversity of organisms on this earth. Yet, some processes are so central to life that change is strongly selected against. Synthesis of the eukaryotic messenger RNA is one example. The assemblies that carry out transcription and processing (capping, polyadenylation, and splicing) are so conserved that most genes have recognizable orthologs in yeast and humans. Naturally, most would conclude transcription and processing are identical in both sexes. However, this is an assumption. Men and women vastly differ in their physiologies. The incidence of pathologies, symptom presentation, disease outcome, and therapeutic response in each sex vary enormously. Despite the harm ignorance causes women, biological research has been historically carried out without regard to sex. The male mouse was the default mammal. A cultured cell's sex was considered irrelevant. Attempts to fill this knowledge gap have revealed molecular dissimilarities. For example, the earliest embryonic male and female transcriptomes differ long before fetal sex hormones appear. We used public data to challenge the assumption of sameness by reviewing reports of sex‐biased gene expression and gene targeting. We focused on 120 genes encoding nonregulatory proteins involved in mRNA synthesis. Remarkably, genes with recognizable orthologs in yeast and thus LEAST likely to differ, did differ between the sexes. The rapidly growing public databases can be used to compare the expression of any gene in male and female tissues. Appreciating the principles that drive sex differences will enrich our understanding of RNA biology in all humans—men and women.This article is categorized under:
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development
RNA Evolution and Genomics > Computational Analyses of RNA
Thermogravitational convection of a pseudoplastic nanofluid with varying parameters in an enclosure having a thermally generating wall section
Authors: Loenko Daria S. , Oztop Hakan F. , Sheremet Mikhail A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractResearching new and optimizing existing methods of cooling electronic devices are the most important tasks in the modern world. Based on this, our work is devoted to the study of the possibility of intensifying the heat removal from a heated element using natural convective energy transport of a pseudoplastic nano liquid in a cavity. The problem is described by unsteady Oberbeck‐Boussinesq differential equations and is solved on the basis of the finite difference method. To calculate the effective parameters of a nanofluid, three sets of different models are used, including temperature dependences. The work also studied the effect of nanoparticles' various types and their volume fraction on flow structure and heat transfer. The results showed that the use of copper oxide as nanoparticles and the correlations of Guo et al. and Jang & Choi can lead to intense cooling of the bottom wall heated section.
Non-parametric data-driven background modelling using conditional probabilities
Authors: Chisholm Andrew , Neep Thomas , Nikolopoulos Konstantinos , Owen Rhys , Reynolds Elliot , Silva Júlia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background modelling is one of the main challenges in particle physics data analysis. Commonly employed strategies include the use of simulated events of the background processes, and the fitting of parametric background models to the observed data. However, reliable simulations are not always available or may be extremely costly to produce. As a result, in many cases uncertainties associated with the accuracy or sample size of the simulation are the limiting factor in the analysis sensitivity. At the same time, parametric models are limited by the a priori unknown functional form and parameter values of the background distribution. These issues become ever more pressing when large datasets become available, as it is already the case at the CERN Large Hadron Collider, and when studying exclusive signatures involving hadronic backgrounds.A widely applicable approach for non-parametric data-driven background modelling is proposed, which addresses these issues for a broad class of searches and measurements. It relies on a relaxed version of the event selection to estimate conditional probability density functions and two different techniques are discussed for its realisation. The first relies on ancestral sampling and uses data from a relaxed event selection to estimate a graph of conditional probability density functions of the variables used in the analysis, while accounting for significant correlations. A background model is then generated from events drawn from this graph, on which the full event selection is applied. In the second, a novel generative adversarial network is trained to estimate the joint probability density function of the variables used in the analysis. The training is performed on a relaxed event selection, which excludes the signal region, and the network is conditioned on a blinding variable. Subsequently, the conditional probability density function is interpolated into the signal region to model the background. The application of each method on a benchmark analysis and on ensemble tests is presented in detail, and the performance is discussed.
Pseudo Entropy in U(1) gauge theory
Authors: Mukherjee Jyotirmoy 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We study the properties of pseudo entropy, a new generalization of entanglement entropy, in free Maxwell field theory in d = 4 dimension. We prepare excited states by the different components of the field strengths located at different Euclidean times acting on the vacuum. We compute the difference between the pseudo Rényi entropy and the Rényi entropy of the ground state and observe that the difference changes significantly near the boundary of the subsystems and vanishes far away from the boundary. Near the boundary of the subsystems, the difference between pseudo Rényi entropy and Rényi entropy of the ground state depends on the ratio of the two Euclidean times where the operators are kept. To begin with, we develop the method to evaluate pseudo entropy of conformal scalar field in d = 4 dimension. We prepare two states by two operators with fixed conformal weight acting on the vacuum and observe that the difference between pseudo Rényi entropy and ground state Rényi entropy changes only near the boundary of the subsystems. We also show that a suitable analytical continuation of pseudo Rényi entropy leads to the evaluation of real-time evolution of Rényi entropy during quenches.
Asymptotic scalar field cosmology in string theory
Authors: Rudelius Tom 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Asymptotic (late-time) cosmology depends on the asymptotic (infinite-distance) limits of scalar field space in string theory. Such limits feature an exponentially decaying potential V ~ exp(−cϕ) with corresponding Hubble scale H ~ $$ \sqrt{{\dot{\phi}}^2+2V} $$

ϕ
̇

2

+
2
V

~ exp(−λHϕ), and at least one tower of particles whose masses scale as m ~ exp(−λϕ), as required by the Distance Conjecture. In this paper, we provide evidence that these coefficients satisfy the inequalities $$ \sqrt{\left(d-1\right)/\left(d-2\right)} $$

d
−
1

/

d
−
2

≥ λH≥ λlightest≥ 1/$$ \sqrt{d-2} $$

d
−
2

in d spacetime dimensions, where λlightest is the λ coefficient of the lightest tower. This means that at late times, as the scalar field rolls to ϕ → ∞, the low-energy theory remains a d-dimensional FRW cosmology with decelerated expansion, the light towers of particles predicted by the Distance Conjecture remain at or above the Hubble scale, and both the strong energy condition and the dominant energy condition are satisfied.
Z2 non-restoration and composite Higgs: singlet-assisted baryogenesis w/o topological defects
Authors: Angelescu Andrei , Goertz Florian , Tada Aika 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Simple scalar-singlet extensions of the Standard Model with a (spontaneously broken) Z2 symmetry allow for a strong first order electroweak phase transition, as sought in order to realize electroweak baryogenesis. However they generically also lead to the emergence of phenomenologically problematic domain walls. Here we present a framework with a real scalar singlet that features a different thermal history that avoids this problem by never restoring the Z2 symmetry in the early universe. This is accomplished by considering D > 4 operators that emerge on general grounds, understanding the model as the low energy tail of a more complete theory, like for example in composite Higgs scenarios. Sticking to the latter framework, we present a concrete SO(6)/SO(5) composite realization of the idea. To this end, we additionally provide a complete classification of the structure of the Higgs potential (and the Yukawa couplings) in SO(6)/SO(5) models with fermions in the 1, 6, 15 or 20′ of SO(6).