bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the predictive potential of cognitive scores from retinal images and retinal fundus metadata via deep learning using the CLSA database
Authors: Corbin Denis , Lesage Frédéric 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAccumulation of beta-amyloid in the brain and cognitive decline are considered hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease. Knowing from previous studies that these two factors can manifest in the retina, the aim was to investigate whether a deep learning method was able to predict the cognition of an individual from a RGB image of his retina and metadata. A deep learning model, EfficientNet, was used to predict cognitive scores from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) database. The proposed model explained 22.4% of the variance in cognitive scores on the test dataset using fundus images and metadata. Metadata alone proved to be more effective in explaining the variance in the sample (20.4%) versus fundus images (9.3%) alone. Attention maps highlighted the optic nerve head as the most influential feature in predicting cognitive scores. The results demonstrate that RGB fundus images are limited in predicting cognition.
Prolonged and extended impacts of SARS-CoV-2 on the olfactory neurocircuit
Authors: Kishimoto-Urata Megumi , Urata Shinji , Kagoya Ryoji , Imamura Fumiaki , Nagayama Shin , Reyna Rachel A. , Maruyama Junki , Yamasoba Tatsuya , Kondo Kenji , Hasegawa-Ishii Sanae , Paessler Slobodan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the olfactory pathway was studied over several time points using Syrian golden hamsters. We found an incomplete recovery of the olfactory sensory neurons, prolonged activation of glial cells in the olfactory bulb, and a decrease in the density of dendritic spines within the hippocampus. These data may be useful for elucidating the mechanism underlying long-lasting olfactory dysfunction and cognitive impairment as a post-acute COVID-19 syndrome.
Pigmented villonodular synovitis of the temporomandibular joint with skull base extension: a retrospective case series
Authors: He Qiang , Zan Xin , Chen Fei , You Chao , Xu Jianguo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMost studies on pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with skull base extension mostly are case report. Here, we summarize the clinical features, treatments, and outcomes of PVNS of the TMJ with skull base extension in a large case series. We reviewed the clinical information relating to patients diagnosed with PVNS of the TMJ with skull base extension information of patients in our center between 2011 and 2020. We reviewed 10 patients (4 males and 6 females). All cases had presented with a unilateral lesion extending the middle skull base. PVNS of the TMJ with skull base extension occurred on the left side in 6 patients (60%) and on the right side in 4 patients (40%). Of the 10 patients, pain and mass were the most prevalent symptoms. All patients received surgery and no recurrence was seen after 35.90 ± 25.35 months follow-up. Despite destructive biological behavior, surgery can achieve an excellent outcome for patients with PVNS of the TMJ with skull base extension. An en bloc resection may prevent recurrence and provide long-term relief. Radiotherapy may be reserved for subtotal excision and recurrent lesions but require further investigation.
Natural diversity in phenolic components and antioxidant properties of oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) accessions, grown under the same conditions
Authors: Jafari Khorsand Ghazaleh , Morshedloo Mohammad Reza , Mumivand Hasan , Emami Bistgani Zohreh , Maggi Filippo , Khademi Abdolvahab 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOregano (Origanum vulgareL.) is a rich source of biologically active components such as phenolic compounds. Here, seven pot grownO. vulgareaccessions belonging to three subspecies (subsp.virens, subsp.vulgareand subsp.gracile) were investigated for their content in sixteen bioactive phenolic compounds as well as their antioxidant capacities (DPPH•and FRAP tests), total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) in order to identify the most suitable ones on an industrial level. HPLC analyses showed that rosmarinic acid (659.6–1646.9 mg/100 g DW) was by far the most abundant constituent, followed by luteolin (46.5–345.4 mg/100 g DW), chicoric acid (36.3–212.5 mg/100 g DW), coumarin (65.7–193.9 mg/100 g DW) and quercetin (10.6–106.1 mg/100 g DW), with variability in concentration depending on the accession and subspecies. The highest level of rosmarinic acid and TPC was obtained from Ardabil accession (subsp.virens). There was a significant and positive correlation between rosmarinic acid and antioxidant activity (r = 0.46). TFC significantly correlated to TPC (r = 0.57) as well as to chicoric acid (r = 0.73). Cluster (CA) and principal component (PCA) analyses classified the investigated accessions in three different groups. Such natural variabilities in phenolics provide the possibility of using elite plants for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries and domestication of highly antioxidative accessions of oregano.
DNA damage alters EGFR signaling and reprograms cellular response via Mre-11
Authors: Volman Yael , Hefetz Ruth , Galun Eithan , Rachmilewitz Jacob 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo combat the various DNA lesions and their harmful effects, cells have evolved different strategies, collectively referred as DNA damage response (DDR). The DDR largely relies on intranuclear protein networks, which sense DNA lesions, recruit DNA repair enzymes, and coordinates several aspects of the cellular response, including a temporary cell cycle arrest. In addition, external cues mediated by the surface EGF receptor (EGFR) through downstream signaling pathways contribute to the cellular DNA repair capacity. However, cell cycle progression driven by EGFR activation should be reconciled with cell cycle arrest necessary for effective DNA repair. Here, we show that in damaged cells, the expression of Mig-6 (mitogen-inducible gene 6), a known regulator of EGFR signaling, is reduced resulting in heightened EGFR phosphorylation and downstream signaling. These changes in Mig-6 expression and EGFR signaling do not occur in cells deficient of Mre-11, a component of the MRN complex, playing a central role in double-strand break (DSB) repair or when cells are treated with the MRN inhibitor, mirin. RNAseq and functional analysis reveal that DNA damage induces a shift in cell response to EGFR triggering that potentiates DDR-induced p53 pathway and cell cycle arrest. These data demonstrate that the cellular response to EGFR triggering is skewed by components of the DDR, thus providing a plausible explanation for the paradox of the known role played by a growth factor such as EGFR in the DNA damage repair.
Experimental study of the catalytic effect of iron on low-rank coal gasification
Authors: Qi Xuejun , Lin Shuang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAcid-washing low-rank coal samples were loaded with different content of iron catalyst and then pyrolyzed. FT-IR, Raman spectra, and temperature-programmed experiments were used to investigate the influence of iron on the coal char. The FT-IR results revealed that iron catalyst rises the number of –OH, –CH3, and –CH2 functional groups. The Raman spectra results showed that partial large polyaromatic ring structures transform into small polyaromatic ring structures after the addition of iron. The results of temperature-programmed desorption indicated that the number of surface active sites is increased due to the addition of iron. For low-rank coal char with 3% Fe, the number of active sites increased with the increase of adsorption temperature until 800 °C and then start to decrease. At 750 °C, the adsorption capacity of CO2 increased with the increase of time and reached saturation state after 45 min. The results of the char-steam isothermal gasification experiment suggested that the iron catalyst enhances the gasification reactivity of low-rank coal. It is verified that iron catalysts can improve the gasification reactivity of low-rank coal by increasing the number of surface active sites.
Long-lasting upper ocean temperature responses induced by intense typhoons in mid-latitude
Authors: Son Jun-Hyeok , Heo Ki-Young , Choi Jung-Woon , Kwon Jae-il 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe sea surface temperature (SST) drops rapidly when a typhoon passes over the western North Pacific, and the cold SST is known as cold wake. In general, more intense typhoons on the day of arrival cause stronger SST cooling via turbulent oceanic vertical mixing. Moreover, after intense typhoons have passed, there are cases in which the SST decreases further, and the cold conditions persist for approximately 2 weeks. In this study, we suggest possible mechanisms by which long-lasting cold SST responses to typhoon forcing are related to the generation of cold-core-like ocean circulation. The atmospheric surface cyclonic circulation causes divergent anticlockwise upper ocean currents owing to the Ekman transport, which in turn induces further upwelling and strengthens the cold SST. In the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Ocean Reanalysis System 5, cold-core-like ocean current responses were strong in 5 typhoons among the 12 intense typhoons that passed through 30°N in the western North Pacific region from 2001 to 2019. The favorable conditions for a cold-core circulation to occur can be summarized as a slow typhoon migration speed with strong intensity, well stratification of vertical ocean layers, and the absence of large-scale strong background currents.
Oscillatory motion of viscoelastic drops on slippery lubricated surfaces
Authors: Sartori Paolo , Ferraro Davide , Dassie Marco , Meggiolaro Alessio , Filippi Daniele , Zaltron Annamaria , Pierno Matteo , Mistura Giampaolo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe introduction of slippery lubricated surfaces allows for the investigation of the flow of highly viscous fluids, which otherwise will hardly move on standard solid surfaces. Here we present the study of the gravity induced motion of small drops of polymeric fluids deposited on inclined lubricated surfaces. The viscosity of these fluids decreases with increasing shear rate (shear thinning) and, more importantly, they exert normal forces on planes perpendicular to shear directions (elasticity). Despite the homogeneity of the surface and of the fluids, drops of sufficiently elastic fluids move downward with an oscillating instantaneous speed whose frequency is found to be directly proportional to the average speed and inversely to the drop volume. The oscillatory motion is caused by the formation of a bulge at the rear of the drop, which will be dragged along the drop free contour by the rolling motion undergone by the drop. This finding can be considered as a kind of new Weissenberg effect applied to moving drops that combines dynamic wetting and polymer rheology.
Knowing me, knowing you: Self and non-self recognition in plant immunity
Authors: Ge Dongdong , Yeo In-Cheol , Shan Libo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Perception of non-self molecules known as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) by host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) activates plant pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). Pathogen infections often trigger the release of modified-self molecules, termed damage- or danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which modulate MAMP-triggered signaling to shape the frontline of plant immune responses against infections. In the context of advances in identifying MAMPs and DAMPs, cognate receptors, and their signaling, here, we focus on the most recent breakthroughs in understanding the perception and role of non-self and modified-self patterns. We highlight the commonalities and differences of MAMPs from diverse microbes, insects, and parasitic plants, as well as the production and perception of DAMPs upon infections. We discuss the interplay between MAMPs and DAMPs for emerging themes of the mutual potentiation and attenuation of PTI signaling upon MAMP and DAMP perception during infections.
Output feedback regulation for a class of output‐constrained nonlinear systems with iISS inverse dynamics
Authors: Yang Jing , Zhang Jie , Zhang Zhongcai , Wu Yuqiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the output feedback problem for nonlinear systems with integral input‐to‐state stability (iISS) inverse dynamics, output constraint, and unknown control direction. First, a nonlinear mapping is introduced to transform the output constrained system into a new unconstrained system. Second, the influence of the change of iISS supply rate is discussed. By introducing an observer and using the time‐varying Riccati equation, a dynamic output feedback control law is constructed with a backstepping‐based design strategy. Besides, the value of gain P is determined to make it meet the stability equation. The output results do not violate the constraints.
Size reduction of a conical horn antenna loaded by multi‐layer metamaterial lens
Authors: Sedaghat Atefeh , Mohajeri Farzad 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a conical horn antenna in the presence of a metamaterial lens in the X‐band is introduced and fabricated. The annular metamaterial lens is located at the aperture of a shortened horn antenna, whose length is half the length of the corresponding optimum horn. The phase velocity in the metamaterial lens is more than the phase velocity along the axis of the antenna for the same propagation distance, so the phase distribution at the aperture of the antenna is uniform and the gain of the shortened horn antenna increases. Metamaterial cells are designed in the form of a printed circuit board that have easy to build and suitable cost. The design process is based on how the waves incident on the proposed metamaterial cell, and finally, by using the particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm proper radiation characteristics in the desired frequency range can be achieved. The radiation characteristics of an antenna with a metamaterial lens are similar to that of an antenna with optimum length in the desired frequency band. The difference is that the weight and volume of these antennas are reduced, so they have better performance in satellite and radar systems.
Protection strategy for DC multi‐microgrids based on gradient of branch admittance difference
Authors: Zhang Weiliang , Zhang Hui , Zhi Na , Wang Hanwei , Zeng Cheng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFast and reliable short fault detection is one of the key technologies in the development of DC multi‐microgrids (MMG). In order to improve the speed and reliability of DC relay protection, especially to solve the problem of protection failure in high impedance short‐circuit, a fault criterion based on the gradient of the branch admittance differential is proposed. The branch admittance is the quotient of current and voltage. It makes effective use of the characteristics of the fault current and voltage, so it has higher sensitivity. By detecting the current and voltage at the two sides of the branch, the admittance differential gradient of the branch is calculated and used as the fault criterion. In case of normal operation or fault outside the protection zone, the differential admittance gradient of the branch is zero, and in case of fault inside the protection zone, the admittance differential gradient of the branch is greater than zero regardless of high impedance or low impedance short‐circuit. Meanwhile, the admittance difference gradient is the largest at the beginning of the fault. Therefore, the detection time is reduced. Finally, the experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
Collision of protostellar jets in the star-forming region IC 1396N
Authors: López Rosario , Estalella Robert , Beltrán Maria T. , Massi Fabrizio , Acosta-Pulido José A. , Girart Josep M. 
Published: April 2022

Context. The bright-rimmed cloud IC 1396N is believed to host one of the few known cases where two bipolar CO outflows driven by young stellar objects collide. The CO outflows are traced by chains of knots of H2 emission, with enhanced emission at the position of the possible collision.
Aims. The aim of this work is to use the proper motions of the H2 knots to confirm the collision scenario.
Methods. A second-epoch H2 image was obtained, and the proper motions of the knots were determined with a time baseline of ~11 yr. We also performed differential photometry on the images to check the flux variability of the knots.
Results. For each outflow (N and S), we classified the knots as pre-collision or post-collision. The axes of the pre-collision knots, the position of the possible collision point, and the axes of the post-collision knots were estimated. The difference between the proper motion direction of the post-collision knots and the position angle from the collision point was also calculated. For some of the knots, we obtained the 3D velocity using the radial velocity derived from H2 spectra.
Conclusions. The velocity pattern of the H2 knots in the area of interaction (post-collision knots) shows a deviation from that of the pre-collision knots, consistent with being a consequence of the interaction between the two outflows. This favours the interpretation of the IC 1396N outflows as a true collision between two protostellar jets instead of a projection effect.
Anterior Cranial Base Reconstruction in Complex Craniomaxillofacial Trauma: An Algorithmic Approach and Single-Surgeon's Experience
Authors: Shakir Sameer , Card Elizabeth B. , Kimia Rotem , Greives Matthew R. , Nguyen Phuong D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractManagement of traumatic skull base fractures and associated complications pose a unique reconstructive challenge. The goals of skull base reconstruction include structural support for the brain and orbit, separation of the central nervous system from the aerodigestive tract, volume to decrease dead space, and restoration of the three-dimensional appearance of the face and cranium with bone and soft tissues. An open bicoronal approach is the most commonly used technique for craniofacial disassembly of the bifrontal region, with evacuation of intracranial hemorrhage and dural repair performed prior to reconstruction. Depending on the defect size and underlying patient and operative factors, reconstruction may involve bony reconstruction using autografts, allografts, or prosthetics in addition to soft tissue reconstruction using vascularized local or distant tissues. The vast majority of traumatic anterior cranial fossa (ACF) injuries resulting in smaller defects of the cranial base itself can be successfully reconstructed using local pedicled pericranial or galeal flaps. Compared with historical nonvascularized ACF reconstructive options, vascularized reconstruction using pericranial and/or galeal flaps has decreased the rate of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak from 25 to 6.5%. We review the existing literature on this uncommon entity and present our case series of n = 6 patients undergoing traumatic reconstruction of the ACF at an urban Level 1 trauma center from 2016 to 2018. There were no postoperative CSF leaks, mucoceles, episodes of meningitis, or deaths during the study follow-up period. In conclusion, use of pericranial, galeal, and free flaps, as indicated, can provide reliable and durable reconstruction of a wide variety of injuries.
Prophylactic Intraoperative Nasolacrimal Duct Intubation in Surgical Treatment of Facial Fractures—Is There a Role?
Authors: Teoh Ryan Liang Wei , Fong Pei Yuan , Cai Elijah Zhengyang , Yap Yan Lin , Hing Eileen Chor Hoong , Lee Han Jing , Nallathamby Vigneswaran , Ong Wei Chen , Lim Jane , Sundar Gangadhara , Lim Thiam Chye 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNasolacrimal duct (NLD) damage is associated in the majority of type II and III naso-orbito-ethmoid (NOE) fractures.1 Our study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of prophylactic NLD intubation in the setting of facial fractures, by comparing incidence of postoperative epiphora and wound infection. A retrospective matched control study was conducted on all patients with surgically treated facial fractures from 2008 to 2013 (n = 280) (IRB ref number: DSRB 2013/01198). Patients with the following fracture types were included: NOE (n = 16), frontal sinus (n = 2), Le Fort II/III (n = 8), and > 1 type (n = 48). All patients in this study were included with the intention to treat. The study group comprised patients who were intubated, while the control group patients were not intubated. Each group had 37 patients matched for age, gender, fracture type, and injury type. A single oculoplastic surgeon skilled in lacrimal surgery performed the procedure for all intubated patients. Patients with more severe and complex facial fractures were intubated with bicanalicular Crawford stents. Postoperative epiphora and infective complications (both facial wound and dacryocystitis) were assessed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. There was no significant difference in incidence of either postoperative epiphora (p = 0.152) or wound infection (p = 0.556) comparing both groups. Reduced incidence of postoperative epiphora in the study group is statistically not significant and does not support the need for prophylactic intubation. If radiographic evidence of NLD disruption or regurgitation seen on syringing on the NLD intraoperatively is present, intubation is safe and efficacious only if performed by an expert.
Leadership Roles, Academic Appointments, and Scholarly Activity—Does a Fellowship after Plastic Surgery Training Make a Difference?
Authors: Christopher Adrienne N. , Patel Viren , Mellia Joseph A. , Morris Martin P. , Diatta Fortunay , Murphy Alexander I. , Fischer John P. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background Fellowship training is becoming more popular in plastic surgery, with over half of residents pursuing advanced training. Here, we investigate how clinical and research fellowship training impacts career trajectory and scholastic achievement in academic plastic surgery.
Methods Plastic surgery faculty members, from programs recognized by the American Council of Academic Plastic Surgeons, were identified using institutional Web sites. Data extracted included faculty demographics, training history, academic positions, and research productivity. Continuous and categorical variables were compared using t-tests and chi-square, respectively.
Results In total, 949 faculty members were included, with 657 (69%) having completed fellowship training. Integrated program residents were more likely to complete a fellowship when compared with independent residents (p < 0.0001). Fellowship trained faculty were more likely to have graduated from a higher ranked residency program, in terms of both overall and research reputation (p = 0.005 and p = 0.016, respectively). When controlling for years in practice, there was no difference found in number of publications, Hirsch index (h-index), or National Institutes of Health funding between faculty between the two cohorts (p > 0.05). In a subanalysis comparing hand, craniofacial, microsurgery, and research fellowships, those who completed a research fellowship had higher h-indices and were more likely to reach full professor status (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). Fellowship training had no effect on being promoted to Chief/Chair of departments (p = 0.16).
Conclusion Fellowship training is common among academic plastic surgeons. In this study, both clinical and research fellowships were associated with various aspects of academic success. However, fellowship training alone did not affect attainment of leadership positions.