bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Absence of DEATH kinesin is fatal for Leishmania mexicana amastigotes
Authors: Al Kufi Suad Gazi Jaafer Husaine , Emmerson Josiah , Rosenqvist Heidi , Garcia Catarina Mateus Moreira , Rios-Szwed Diana Onodelia , Wiese Martin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractKinesins are motor proteins present in organisms from protists to mammals playing important roles in cell division, intracellular organisation and flagellum formation and maintenance. Leishmania mexicana is a protozoan parasite of the order Kinetoplastida causing human cutaneous leishmaniasis. Kinetoplastida genome sequence analyses revealed a large number of kinesins showing sequence and structure homology to eukaryotic kinesins. Here, we investigate the L. mexicana kinesin LmxKIN29 (LmxM.29.0350), also called DEATH kinesin. The activated MAP kinase LmxMPK3, a kinase affecting flagellum length in Leishmania, is able to phosphorylate recombinant full length LmxKIN29 at serine 554. Insect promastigote LmxKIN29 Leishmania null mutants showed no obvious phenotype. However, in mouse infection experiments, the null mutants were unable to cause the disease, whereas LmxKIN29 add-backs and single allele knockouts caused footpad lesions. Localisation using promastigotes expressing GFP-tagged LmxKIN29 revealed that the kinesin is predominantly found in between the nucleus and the flagellar pocket, while in dividing cells the GFP-fusion protein was found at the anterior and posterior ends of the cells indicating a role in cytokinesis. The inability to cause lesions in infected animals and the amino acid sequence divergence from mammalian kinesins suggests that LmxKIN29 is a potential drug target against leishmaniasis.
Cross‐domain person re‐identification based on background suppression and identity consistency
Authors: Jiang Ming , Gao Juntao , Li Pengfei , Zhang Min 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecent advanced methods address the cross‐domain person re‐identification (Re‐ID) problem primarily by the pseudo label estimation. However, person images with similar backgrounds are usually incorrectly clustered due to the interference of background noise. Furthermore, it is the lack of filtering of incorrect pseudo labels that results in the poor quality of the final generated pseudo labels. Here, a progressive learning approach based on background suppression and identity consistency for cross‐domain person Re‐ID (BSIC‐reID) is proposed. In the background suppression module, background mask attention and reverse attention are combined to effectively extract pedestrian features and suppress background noise, highlighting the foreground person information for person Re‐ID. In addition, the BSIC‐reID model is used to extract multi‐scale person features and generate different perspective pseudo labels for the target domain images. The incorrect pseudo labels are filtered by comparing the potential similarity of multi‐scale person features so that the higher quality pseudo labels for the target domain images could be generated. This method is performed on the Market‐1501, DukeMTMC‐reID, and MSMT17, evaluated by the Cumulated Matching Characteristics (CMC) and mean Average Precision (mAP). The experimental results demonstrate that this method also achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance.
A new and Homogeneous metallicity scale for Galactic classical Cepheids
Authors: da Silva R. , Crestani J. , Bono G. , Braga V. F. , D’Orazi V. , Lemasle B. , Bergemann M. , Dall’Ora M. , Fiorentino G. , François P. , Groenewegen M. A. T. , Inno L. , Kovtyukh V. , Kudritzki R.-P. , Matsunaga N. , Monelli M. , Pietrinferni A. , Porcelli L. , Storm J. , Tantalo M. , Thévénin F. 
Published: February 2022

Context. Classical Cepheids are the most popular distance indicators and tracers of young stellar populations. The key advantage is that they are bright and they can be easily identified in Local Group and Local Volume galaxies. Their evolutionary and pulsation properties depend on their chemical abundances.
Aims. The main aim of this investigation is to perform a new and accurate abundance analysis of 20 calibrating Galactic Cepheids. We used high spectral resolution (R ~ 40 000–115 000) and high S/N spectra (~400), covering the entire pulsation cycle.
Methods. We focused our attention on plausible systematics that would affect the estimate of atmospheric parameters and elemental abundances along the pulsation cycle. We cleaned the line list by using atomic transition parameters based on laboratory measurements and by removing lines that are either blended or that display abundance variations along the pulsation cycle.
Results. The spectroscopic approach we developed brings forward small dispersions in the variation of the atmospheric parameters (σ(Teff) ~ 50 K, σ(log g) ~ 0.2 dex, and σ(ξ) ~ 0.2 kms−1) as well as in the abundance of both iron (≲0.05 dex) and α elements (≲0.10 dex) over the entire pulsation cycle. We also provide new and accurate effective temperature templates by splitting the calibrating Cepheids into four different period bins, ranging from short to long periods. For each period bin, we performed an analytical fit with Fourier series providing θ = 5040/Teff as a function of the pulsation phase.
Conclusions. The current findings are a good viaticum for tracing the chemical enrichment of the Galactic thin disk by using classical Cepheids as a fundamental stepping stone for further investigations into the more metal-poor regime that is typical of Magellanic Cepheids.
Effects of Exercise and Noise on Auditory Thresholds and Distortion-Product Otoacoustic Emissions
Authors: Hooks-Horton Shannon , Geer Susan , Stuart Andrew 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDifferences in auditory thresholds and distortion-product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) levels were investigated as a function of gender, ear, frequency, and experimental condition: quiet sedentary activity, exercise, noise, and exercise and noise combined. In general, participants displayed significant elevations in auditory thresholds of approximately 6 to 13 dB following the two conditions employing noise exposure. There were no significant differences in either auditory threshold differences before and following the quiet and exercise conditions or between the noise-alone and combined exercise and noise conditions. Participants also displayed significant reductions in DPOAE levels of approximately 6 to 7 dB following the two conditions employing noise exposure. The findings also showed no gender or ear effects on auditory threshold or DPOAE level differences. Further, there was no evidence of a synergistic combination of exercise and noise on auditory function as revealed by changes in hearing threshold or DPOAE levels.
Abbreviations: DPOAE = distortion-product otoacoustic emissions, TTS = temporary threshold shift
Limitations and Concerns with Transanal Total Mesorectal Excision for Rectal Cancer
Authors: Vannijvel M. , Wolthuis Albert M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTransanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) was developed to overcome the technical challenges of a minimally invasive (ultra-) low anterior resection. This new technique has recently come under careful scrutiny as technical pitfalls were reported, in specific relation to the transanal approach. Patients are at risk for urologic lesions. Moreover, carbon dioxide embolism is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication. The benefit of TaTME from an oncological point of view has neither been clarified. Hypothetically, better visualization of the lower rectum could lead to better dissection and total mesorectal excision (TME) specimens, resulting in better oncologic results. Up until now, retrospective multicenter reports seem to show that short-term oncologic results are not inferior after TaTME as compared with after laparoscopic TME. Alarming reports have however been published from Norway suggesting a high incidence and particular multifocal pattern of early local recurrence. In this article, a balanced overview is given of the most important technical pitfalls and oncological concerns arising with this new procedure.
Functional Outcomes after Transanal Surgery
Authors: Foppa Caterina , Carrano Francesco Maria , Spinelli Antonino 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTransanal surgery has gained in popularity during the latter part of the last decade for both rectal cancer and benign disease. The current role for local excision of early rectal neoplastic lesions has expanded due to better understanding of risk factors for lymph node metastasis and heightened awareness for the long-term sequelae of radical surgery. Transanal resection of the rectum (both for cancer or inflammatory bowel diseases) has now been established as a successful procedure that overcomes some of the limitations of the abdominal approaches. Once the feasibility, safety, and the oncologic results of transanal minimally invasive approaches for patients with rectal cancer have been acknowledged, quality of life and functional outcomes have become increasingly important issues. This article provides an overview of the different techniques currently available for the minimally invasive transanal treatment of rectal lesions, particularly focusing on functional outcomes.
Maximum-Likelihood Yes-No Procedure for Gap Detection: Effect of Track Length
Authors: Florentine Mary , Marvit Peter , Buus Soren 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA maximum-likelihood yes-no procedure was used to measure minimum detectable gaps (MDGs) at 1 and 4 kHz using two track lengths (15 and 30 trials). Results from 11 normal listeners show no difference between MDGs for the two track lengths, and variability of the MDGs did not differ significantly for the track lengths. Results from simulations indicate that the variability of MDGs from real listeners is considerably larger than that imposed by the psychophysical procedure. Additional simulations show that random variability of listeners' response criterion is a compelling explanation for the excess variability. These findings indicate that changes in a listener's threshold over time impose a lower bound on the variability obtainable with a yes-no procedure. They imply that increasing the number of trials in a track, beyond the minimum number required to obtain a stable threshold estimate, offers little or no advantage for the test-retest reliability of a clinical threshold measurement.
Abbreviations: CF = center frequency, ERB = equivalent rectangular bands, MDG = minimum detectable gap, MML = method of maximum likelihood, SDT = signal detection theory
Preliminary Results with the AVR ImpaCt Frequency-Transposing Hearing Aid
Authors: McDermott Hugh J. , Knight Michelle R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCurrently, the only behind-the-ear hearing aid that provides a frequency transposition function is the ImpaCt DSR675, recently introduced by AVR Communications Ltd. of Israel. In tests with three hearing-impaired adults, the performance of the ImpaCt aid(s) was compared with that of each subject's own (nontransposing) hearing aids. Recognition of monosyllabic words and medial consonants did not differ significantly between the two types of aids. This suggests that the transposition function of the ImpaCt was not effective at providing these subjects with increased high-frequency speech information, at least for the programmable parameters applied in the experiments. However, the subjects' understanding of sentences in a competing noise was significantly poorer with the ImpaCt than with the subjects' own aids. In that test, the ImpaCt aids were programmed to attenuate parts of the noise. The decreased sentence recognition may have resulted from this program, which effectively reduced the bandwidth of the ImpaCt aids.
Abbreviations: AGC = automatic gain control, ANOVA = analysis of variance, CFE = Clinician Fitting Environment, CNC = consonant-vowel nucleus-consonant, DCB = dynamic consonant boost, FCVL = frequency compression for voiceless sounds, HPF = high-pass filter, LPF = low-pass filter, SNR = signal-to-noise ratio
Electrophysiologic Correlates of Attention versus Stimulus Competition in Young Male and Female Listeners
Authors: Carpenter Michael , De Chicchis Albert R. , Cranford Jerry L. , Hymel Murvin R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe effects of attention and stimulus competition on the late auditory-evoked potential (LAEP) were compared in 10 young males and 10 young females. Listeners attended to discrim- inably different oddball tonal sequences presented binaurally or monaurally. Peak amplitudes in response to the frequent tones were measured for Np P2, and early and late N2 (N2e and N2I) components of the LAEP. Whereas N, amplitudes increased, the amplitudes of P2 decreased when listeners attended to, rather than ignored, the tones. Competition effects for both N, and P2 resulted in reduced amplitudes in the presence of contralateral competition. Although findings with N2e and N2I suggested possible attention and competition effects, as well as gender differences, the data were inconsistent and will need further experimental verification. The present findings with the N1 and P2 components provide evidence that different neural processes underlie the attention and competition effects in the human brain.
Abbreviations: EEG = electroencephalographic activity, ERP = event-related potential, LAEP = late auditory-evoked potential, PN = processing negativity, SOA = stimulus-onset asynchrony
Machine learning for impurity charge-state transition levels in semiconductors from elemental properties using multi-fidelity datasets
Authors: Polak Maciej P. , Jacobs Ryan , Mannodi-Kanakkithodi Arun , Chan Maria K. Y. , Morgan Dane 
Published: February 2022

Quantifying charge-state transition energy levels of impurities in semiconductors is critical to understanding and engineering their optoelectronic properties for applications ranging from solar photovoltaics to infrared lasers. While these transition levels can be measured and calculated accurately, such efforts are time-consuming and more rapid prediction methods would be beneficial. Here, we significantly reduce the time typically required to predict impurity transition levels using multi-fidelity datasets and a machine learning approach employing features based on elemental properties and impurity positions. We use transition levels obtained from low-fidelity (i.e., local-density approximation or generalized gradient approximation) density functional theory (DFT) calculations, corrected using a recently proposed modified band alignment scheme, which well-approximates transition levels from high-fidelity DFT (i.e., hybrid HSE06). The model fit to the large multi-fidelity database shows improved accuracy compared to the models trained on the more limited high-fidelity values. Crucially, in our approach, when using the multi-fidelity data, high-fidelity values are not required for model training, significantly reducing the computational cost required for training the model. Our machine learning model of transition levels has a root mean squared (mean absolute) error of 0.36 (0.27) eV vs high-fidelity hybrid functional values when averaged over 14 semiconductor systems from the II–VI and III–V families. As a guide for use on other systems, we assessed the model on simulated data to show the expected accuracy level as a function of bandgap for new materials of interest. Finally, we use the model to predict a complete space of impurity charge-state transition levels in all zinc blende III–V and II–VI systems.
Effects of multi-growth stage water deficit and orthosilicic acid fertiliser on lodging resistance of rice cultivars
Authors: Olagunju Solomon O. , Atayese Muftau O. , Sakariyawo Olalekan S. , Dare Enoch O. 
Published: February 2022

Lodging and water deficit (WD) are both yield limiting factors for rice production in Africa. A number of New Rice for Africa (NERICA) cultivars with drought adaptive and high yielding ability have been released but the extent of their lodging susceptibility due to water deficit is unclear. Application of orthosilicic acid (OSA) fertiliser can reduce lodging due to water deficit. An experiment was therefore conducted involving six cultivars (NERICAs 1, 4, 6, 7, 8 and Moroberekan), subjected to five multi-growth stage WD treatments: non-stressed (Nst), 10-day stress at each of any two stages of vegetative (Veg), reproductive (Rep) and grain filling (Grain) stages viz (Veg10 + Rep10), (Veg10 + Grain10), (Rep10 + Grain10), and 7-day stress at each stage (Veg7 + Rep7 + Grain7) and with/without 500 mL ha−1 of OSA fertiliser. Lodging traits (LTs) such as lumen diameter, bending moment, panicle weight (PW) and grain yield (GY) were increased by OSA fertiliser. Under Veg7 + Rep7 + Grain7 stress, OSA fertiliser increased rice vigour through increases in internode length, lumen diameters and cross-section modulus by 7%, 18% and 18%, respectively, while under Veg10 + Rep10 stress, culm wall thickness was increased by 20%. Veg10 + Rep10 stress caused the most significant reduction in all LTs but with lowest lodging index (LI, 0.32) attributed to reduced PW and GY. Among the cultivars, Moroberekan combined higher GY with average LI (0.40) across the stress conditions while NERICA 1 had the lowest LI (0.34) attributed mainly to its short height. Although water deficit caused a reduction in lodging resistant traits, resistance to lodging under Veg10 + Rep10 and Veg7 + Rep7 + Grain7 stresses can be enhanced with OSA fertiliser.
Why robots should be technical
Authors: Hindemith Lukas , Göpfert Jan Philip , Wiebel-Herboth Christiane B. , Wrede Britta , Vollmer Anna-Lisa 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Research in social robotics is commonly focused on designing robots that imitate human behavior. While this might
increase a user’s satisfaction and acceptance of robots at first glance, it does not automatically aid a non-expert user in
naturally interacting with robots, and might hurt their ability to correctly anticipate a robot’s capabilities. We argue that a
faulty mental model, that the user has of the robot, is one of the main sources of confusion. In this work, we investigate how
communicating technical concepts of robotic systems to users affect their mental models, and how this can increase the quality of
human-robot interaction. We conducted an online study and investigated possible ways of improving users’ mental models. Our
results underline that communicating technical concepts can form an improved mental model. Consequently, we show the importance of
consciously designing robots that express their capabilities and limitations.
Impact of nonverbal robot behaviour on human teachers’ perceptions of a learner robot
Authors: Aliasghari Pourya , Ghafurian Moojan , Nehaniv Chrystopher L. , Dautenhahn Kerstin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHow do we perceive robots practising a task that we have taught them? While learning, human trainees usually provide nonverbal cues that reveal their level of understanding and interest in the task. Similarly, nonverbal social cues of trainee robots that can be interpreted naturally by humans can enhance robot learning. In this article, we investigated a scenario in which a robot is practising a physical task in front of the human teachers (i.e., participants), who were asked to assume that they had previously taught the robot to perform that task. Through an online experiment with 167 participants, we examined the effects of different gaze patterns and arm movements with multiple speeds and various kinds of pauses on human teachers’ perception of different attributes of the robot. We found that the perception of a trainee robot’s attributes (e.g., confidence and eagerness to learn) can be systematically affected by its behaviours. Findings of this study can inform designing more successful nonverbal social interactions for intelligent robots.
Translation as inclusion?
Authors: Tesseur Wine 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
International NGOs (INGOs) are important agents in delivering the UN’s sustainable development agenda, but their linguistic practices have received little attention in the field of language policy and planning. This article aims to add new insights to the field by exploring the link between INGOs’ organisational value of inclusiveness and their institutional approaches to translation. It does so through a case study of Oxfam GB’s and Tearfund’s translation policy documents. The analysis reveals that the policy documents focus on written translation into a handful of lingua francas. In other words, they largely overlook the need for interpreting and translation from and into local languages. In addition, the policy documents do not make any overt links between principles of (linguistic) inclusiveness and the need for translation. The article summarises the advantages and drawbacks of creating a translation policy, and provides guidance on linking translation policy more overtly to values of inclusiveness.
Language gender gap at work across OECD countries
Authors: Corbella Teresa , Alarcón Amado , Andraszak Joanna 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLanguage gender differences at work have been widely described though hardly measured. The object of this study is whether there are gender differences in the use of language skills at work and what those differences are. A gender gap measure of linguistic skills used at work is presented and computed for 21 countries using data from the first round of the Survey of Adult Skills (n = 109 695). On the basis of the 21st-century literacy needs at work approach, we compound five one-skill indicators: use of oral skills, use of reading skills, use of writing skills, use of numeracy skills, and use of ICT skills. Gender differences are quantified in relative terms controlling for occupations’ gross categories. We provide a piece of evidence for a language gender gap at work in favor of men for all language skills analyzed; there are, however, differences by country and occupational categories.
Hilbert spaces built over metrics of fixed signature
Authors: Okołów Andrzej 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We construct two Hilbert spaces over the set of all metrics of arbitrary but fixed signature, defined on a manifold. Every state in one of the Hilbert spaces is built of an uncountable number of wave functions representing some elementary quantum degrees of freedom, while every state in the other space is built of a countable number of them. Each Hilbert space is unique up to natural isomorphisms and carries a unitary representation of the diffeomorphism group of the underlying manifold. The Hilbert spaces constructed in the case of signature (3, 0) may be possibly used for canonical quantization of the ADM formulation of general relativity.