bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma biomarkers for the AT(N) classification and for the detection of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Alcolea Daniel , Delaby Constance , Muñoz Laia , Torres Soraya , Estellés Teresa , Zhu Nuole , Barroeta Isabel , Carmona‐Iragui Maria , Illán‐Gala Ignacio , Santos‐Santos Miguel A. , Altuna Miren , Sala Isabel , Sánchez‐Saudinós Mª Belen , Videla Laura , Valldeneu Sílvia , Subirana Andrea , Pegueroles Jordi , Hirtz Christophe , Vialaret Jérôme , Lehmann Sylvain , Karikari Thomas K. , Ashton Nicholas J. , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Belbin Olivia , Blesa Rafael , Clarimón Jordi , Fortea Juan , Lleó Alberto 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundPlasma markers are now available for all categories in the AT(N) classification. However, their agreement with CSF markers is not fully established. A blood signature to generate the AT(N) classification would facilitate early diagnosis and follow‐up of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) through an easy and minimally invasive approach. We aimed to assess the agreement between plasma and CSF markers for the AT(N) classification.MethodWe measured Aβ, pTau181 and neurofilament light (NfL) in plasma samples of the SPIN cohort (Barcelona, Spain). Plasma Aβ‐peptides were quantified by Aβ immuno‐purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis. Plasma levels of pTau181 and NfL were measured using the ultrasensitive Single Molecule Array (Simoa, Quanterix). We assessed the correlation between plasma and CSF markers and calculated areas under the ROC curve (AUC) for individual plasma biomarkers to detect positivity/negativity in their respective category. We also calculated the accuracy of plasma biomarkers for the detection of the A+T+ profile.ResultWe included a total of 150 participants from the SPIN cohort, comprising patients with AD (n=27), Lewy body dementia (n=52), frontotemporal lobar degeneration‐related syndromes (n=25) and 46 cognitively normal participants.As shown in Figure 1, we found moderate correlation between plasma Aβ composite and CSF Aβ1‐42/Aβ1‐40 (Rho=‐0.5, p<0.001) and between plasma pTau181 and CSF pTau181 in the entire cohort (Rho=0.51, p<0.001). NfL levels in plasma showed high correlation with those in CSF (Rho=0.78, p<0.001). The plasma Aβ composite, pTau181 and NfL yielded AUC of 0.75, 0.78 and 0.88 to discriminate positive and negative participants in their respective categories. These accuracies were similar when other CSF cutoffs were applied (Figure 2). The combination of all three markers did not outperform pTau181 alone (AUC=0.81) to discriminate A+T+ from A‐T‐ participants (Figure 3).ConclusionPlasma biomarkers are useful to detect the AT(N) categories, and their use can differentiate patients with pathophysiological evidence of AD. This signature could be applied in clinical routine as an early step for the diagnosis of AD or to detect AD copathology, optimizing the selection of potential candidates for disease modifying therapies.
The challenges of the family caregivers in caring of late onset schizophrenia and very late onset schizophrenia‐like psychosis: Caregiver risk of burden and neurodegenerative disease
Authors: Prabawati Chlara Yunita 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe challenges of taking care family member with Late Onset Schizophrenia (LOS) and Very Late Onset Schizophrenia Like Psychosis (VLOSLP) were enormous, include physiological and phycological factors. Family caregiver who taking care patients with schizophrenia experience emotional, physical, and financial challenges and lead of the caring process include decision of the patient’s institutionalizations. This study to investigate the burden experienced by family caregiver taking care to their family member with Late Onset Schizophrenia (LOS) and Very Late Onset Schizophrenia Like Psychosis (VLOSLP). Moreover, the impact of their challenges of the caring were maintain the FCG emotional wellbeing and how they cope of family caregivers’ strategies for the challenges.MethodThis study was cross ‐sectional, descriptive and correlational study. a total of 172 of Dyad FCG were recruited. the research instrument included the Revised Memory Behavior Checklist (RMBC), The Zarid Burden Interview (ZBI), and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Descriptive study, Independent sample t‐test correlation and one‐way ANOVA were use to examined.ResultThe results indicated of more than 76% FCG were burdened and 29% exhibited Dementia. There was positive correlation of FCG Burden with patients Onset (Beta =1.27, p =<.01), FCG sex, Income (Beta =1.31, p =<.01), and level education (Beta =1.28, p =<.01). There was statistically positive correlation of FCG high burden with the level cognitive of FCG (Beta =1.32, p =<.01).ConclusionThe findings improve our understanding about burden and emotional wellbeing in taking care of major schizophrenic with Late Onset Schizophrenia (LOS) and Very Late Onset Schizophrenia Like Psychosis (VLOSLP) especially for women might need a management for their cope with their own feelings. The findings of the study might benefit for health professional to plan the strategies focusing on help challenges of the family caregivers especially for women. the lesson learner from the FCG of LOS might be used to improve the caregiving strategies on patients with VLOSLP.
Remote cognitive assessment of older adults in rural areas by telemedicine and automatic speech and video analysis
Authors: König Alexandra , Zeghari Radia , Guerchouche Rachid , Bremond Francois , Bultingaire Vincent , Robert Philippe , Linz Nicklas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundEarly detection of cognitive impairments is crucial for successful implementation of preventive strategies. However, in rural isolated areas or so‐called ‘medical deserts’, access to diagnosis and care is very limited. With the current pandemic crisis, now even more than ever, remote solutions such as telemedicine platforms represent great potential and can help to overcome this barrier. Moreover, current advances made in voice and image analysis can help overcoming the barrier of the physical distance by providing additional information of a patients’ emotional and cognitive state. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and reliability of a videoconference system for remote cognitive testing empowered by automatic speech and video analysis.Method60 participants (aged 55 and older) with and without cognitive impairment are recruited. A complete neuropsychological assessment including a short clinical interview are administered in two conditions, once by telemedicine and once by face‐to‐face. The administration procedure is randomized. Acceptability and user experience are assessed among participants and clinicians in qualitative and quantitative manner. Speech and video features will be extracted and analyzed to obtain additional information on mood and engagement levels.ResultSimilar results were obtained on the several cognitive test measures when comparing the remote to the face‐to‐face administration method. Word recall (r=0,928) and picture naming task (r=0,939) showed the strongest correlation. Acceptability of the tool was relatively high with preference even in the remote method for more convenience.ConclusionResults support the feasibility and reliability of remote cognitive testing through administration via a telemedicine tool. These systems can be used for remote disease monitoring, enabling patients to be assessed in their own homes and improve utilization of expert assessors allowing them to conduct neurocognitive testing remotely.
Evaluation of visit‐to‐visit blood pressure variability on global cognitive impairment and cognitive decline in an ethnically diverse cohort: The multi‐ethnic study of atherosclerosis
Authors: Daniel George , Hughes Tim M , Bertoni Alain , Chen Haiying , Hayden Kathleen M 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundHypertension and diabetes are key modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. Research has typically focused on blood pressure (BP) levels, despite evidence that high BP variability (BPV) over time may predict poorer cardiovascular, neuropathological, and neurocognitive outcomes. We assessed associations between BPV and global cognition in a cohort of participants from the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), including 4 ethnoracial groups: White, African‐American, Chinese, and Hispanic.MethodsLongitudinal BP data across 6 MESA examinations were used in multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses to determine the association BPV and cognitive function, decline, and incident impairment. Two measures of long‐term BPV (Average Real Variability [ARV] and Variability Independent of the Mean [VIM]) and group‐based latent BP trajectories were estimated over an average of 9.4 years. The Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI), Digit Symbol Coding (DSC), and Digit Span (DS), were administered at MESA Exams 5 and 6, an average of 6.3 years apart. This enabled the assessment of cognitive function, decline, and cognitive impairment, defined as performance in the lowest 10% of groups stratified by age, education, and race.ResultsParticipants (N=1314) had a mean baseline age of 57 years, and were 50% female and 48% White. Increased systolic and diastolic BPV were associated with poorer performance across all measures and with increased global cognitive decline in unadjusted models. Higher systolic (β = ‐0.06, P=0.05) and diastolic (β = ‐0.08, P=0.005) ARV was predictive of increased CASI decline after adjustment for demographic and clinical characteristics, including mean BP. Significant interactions and subsequent stratified analyses indicated that the strongest relationships between BPV and global cognition were in participants older than age 65, White or Black, APOE ε4 non‐carriers, males, and non‐antihypertensive medication users. Higher and more variable latent systolic and diastolic BP trajectories predicted reduced performance on the CASI, DS, or DSC tests before and after adjustment for clinical and demographic characteristics.ConclusionResults suggest high BPV is a risk factor for global cognitive dysfunction and decline, independent of mean BP levels, in this middle‐aged, healthy, and multi‐ethnic population. Relationships may differ across demographic, genetic, and clinical characteristics.
The Yonsei Lifestyle Profile for adults and the older adults: Development and test‐retest reliability
Authors: Park Ji‐Hyuk , Park Kang‐Hyun , Han Dae‐Sung 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundLifestyle is one of the vital determinants for health and quality of life for the older adults. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Yonsei Lifestyle Profile (YLP) in community‐dwelling adults and older adults,MethodA lifestyle profile for adults and the older adults was developed through two approaches. First, a comprehensive literature review and Delphi studies with an expert panel were conducted to develop the items of the multidimensional lifestyle profile questionnaire. Second, the instrument psychometric properties were assessed in a sample of community‐dwelling older adults in South Korea. In total, 156 older adults completed the YLP. Internal consistency was analyzed using Cronbach’s alpha (α) reliability coefficient. Test‐retest reliability, using an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), was assessed based on scores attained two weeks apart,ResultSixty items were developed based on the comprehensive literature review and Delphi studies. The total scale of the YLP was .83 which reflects high internal reliability. The alpha values of the YLP subscales ranged from .80 to .74 for all participants. Regarding the test‐retest reliability, the ICC was .97 for the total scores of the YLP, ranging from poor to good (0.50–0.99) for the YLP subscales. Thus, it was confirmed that the YLP has good test‐retest reliability statistics.ConclusionThe YLP developed to measure the multidimensional lifestyle factors of older adults is a valid instrument to apply in community‐dwelling adults and older adults. Therefore, the YLP questionnaire can be used in clinical practice when health‐care practitioners evaluate their client’s lifestyle.
Association of a MIND diet with the risk of dementia and brain structure in a French older population
Authors: Thomas Aline , Féart Catherine , Helmer Catherine , Catheline Gwenaelle , Samieri Cécilia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe MIND diet score for brain health is a 15‐item score combining neuroprotective dietary components (e.g. green leafy vegetables, nuts, berries, whole grains, fish). A higher MIND diet score was associated with slower cognitive decline and lower risk of Alzheimer’s disease; however, its relationship with brain structure has not yet been investigated. Taking advantage of a large population‐based cohort of older adults, we constructed a MIND diet score adapted to French dietary habits and we evaluated the associations of the score with the risk of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In a secondary analysis, we investigated the cross‐sectional relationship between the MIND diet score and gray matter structure assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).MethodWe included 1,412 dementia‐free participants (aged ≥65) from the Three‐City Bordeaux study. A 148‐item Food Frequency Questionnaire and a 24‐hour recall administered at home in 2001‐2002 were used to calculate a MIND diet score, adapting component thresholding to French habits and guidelines (when applicable). Incidence of dementia and its subtypes from 2001‐2002 until 2017‐2018 was adjudicated by an expert committee. A subset of 207 participants were included in an ancillary MRI study in 2010‐2011. Gray matter volume and cortical thickness within the cortical signature of AD (i.e., 9 regions with cortical thickening predictive of subsequent AD) were estimated using FreeSurfer 5.1.ResultOver a median follow‐up of 9.7 years (maximum 16.3 years), 356 participants (25.2%) were diagnosed with dementia, including 240 participants (17.0%) with AD. In multivariable Cox models, a higher MIND diet score was associated with lower risks of dementia (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 0.89 for each 1‐point increase of score; 95% Confidence Intervals [CI] = 0.83‐0.95) and AD (HR = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.81‐0.96). In the MRI sub‐study, a higher MIND diet score was significantly associated with higher total grey matter volume (β=2.54 mm3 for 1 point of score, p=0.005) and greater thickness in the AD signature (β=0.02 mm for 1 point of score, p<0.001).ConclusionThis large population‐based study provides further evidence and new mechanistic insights for the role of the MIND diet in the prevention of dementia and AD.
Two dual GLP‐1/GIP receptor agonists show superior protective properties compared to liraglutide in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Holscher Christian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundType II diabetes is a risk factor for developing AD, and we have previously tested liraglutide, an analogue of glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) that is on the market to treat diabetes, in patients with MCI/Alzheimer’s disease (ELAD study) and shown that it improves cognition and memory (ADASexec) and reduces shrinking of the temporal lobe and grey cortical matter (MRI scans). Novel dual GLP‐1/GIP receptor agonists have been developed by us that can enter the brain at a higher rate than drugs that had been developed to treat diabetes. Here, we tested the protective effects of the dual agonists DA4‐JC and DA5‐CH, and DA4‐JC in direct comparison with liraglutide in the APP/PS1 mouse model of AD.MethodsFirst we tested the dual GLP‐1/GIP agonist DA4‐JC and compared it with liraglutide at equal doses of 10nmol/kg bw ip. once‐daily for 8 weeks in the APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model of AD. DA5‐CH was tested separately in the same model. Memory formation in the water maze, synaptic plasticity (LTP) in area CA1 of the hippocampus using in vivo electrophysiology techniques, amyloid plaque load, and chronic inflammation was evaluated using histological and western blot techniques.ResultsWhen comparing DA4‐JC with the GLP‐1 analogue liraglutide in the APP/PS1 mouse model of AD, DA4‐JC was more effective in reversing memory loss in the water maze task, was superior in enhancing synaptic plasticity (LTP) in the hippocampus, in reducing amyloid plaque load in the cortex, and in lowering pro‐inflammatory cytokine levels of TNF‐alpha and IL‐1ß in the brain compared to liraglutide. DA5‐CH also reduced memory impairments, amyloid plaque load in the brain, and normalized synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus while reducing inflammation in the brain.ConclusionThe results show that the dual GLP‐1/GIP receptor agonists DA4‐JC and DA5‐CH are effective in treating AD and show great promise to be a superior treatment for AD than liraglutide.
Association of resting heart rate with cognitive decline and dementia in older adults: A prospective population‐based study
Authors: Imahori Yume , Vetrano Davide Liborio , Xia Xin , Grande Giulia , Ljungman Petter , Fratiglioni Laura , Qiu Chengxuan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundResting heart rate (RHR) is easily assessed and predicts future risk of cardiovascular (CV) events. However, large‐scale population‐based studies investigating the relationship of RHR with dementia and cognitive decline are scarce.MethodWe analysed data from baseline dementia‐free participants of the population‐based Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (n=2423, age ≥60 years, mean age 71 years, female 61%) who were regularly followed from 2001‐2004 through 2013‐2016. RHR was assessed using a 12‐lead ECG at baseline. Incident dementia was diagnosed following the DSM‐IV criteria and global cognitive function was assessed using Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE). We used Cox proportional hazard models and linear mixed‐effects models with random intercepts and slopes to investigate the associations of RHR with incident dementia and cognitive decline, respectively, while controlling for demographics (age, sex, and education), smoking, physical activity, CV risk factors, and existing cardiovascular diseases.ResultDuring the 12‐year follow up period, 332 participants developed dementia. As a continuous variable, per 10‐bpm increase in RHR was significantly associated with 12% increased risk of dementia (multi‐adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.12, 95% CI 1.02, 1.23). As a categorical variable, the multi‐adjusted HR (95% CI) of dementia associated with RHR (bpm) of <60, 60‐69 (reference), 70‐79, and ≥80 were 1.00 (0.75, 1.33), 1.00 (reference), 1.19 (0.89, 1.59), and 1.47 (1.04, 2.06), respectively. The multi‐adjusted β‐coefficients (95% CI) of MMSE score associated with the four categories of RHR were 0.01 (‐0.05, 0.07), 0.00 (reference), ‐0.10 (‐0.16, ‐0.03), and ‐0.16 (‐0.24, ‐0,08), respectively. There was no statistical interaction of RHR with gender and APOE ε4 allele on dementia risk (P for interaction >0.1).ConclusionHigher RHR is associated with increased risk for dementia and greater cognitive decline independent of CV risk factors and related diseases in a general population of older adults.
Modifications in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic in a multimodal intervention trial to prevent cognitive impairment in older women with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Halloway Shannon , Arvanitakis Zoe , Wilbur JoEllen , Schoeny Michael E , Barnes Lisa L , Pressler Susan J , Gamboa Charlene , Knudson Krista , Borgia Jeffrey A , Volgman Annabelle Santos 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundCognitive impairment disproportionately affects women compared to men, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) increases risk. Physical activity and cognitive training may have synergistic effects on cognition when delivered together. However, no multimodal intervention has targeted older women (≥65) with CVD or has utilized a scalable lifestyle approach. Our study seeks to evaluate the efficacy of MindMoves, a 24‐week multimodal intervention, on cognition and serum biomarkers in 254 older women with CVD. However, effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic complicated implementation of our original in‐person trial protocol. The purpose of this paper is to describe protocol modifications made by our interdisciplinary team in response to COVID‐19,MethodWe employ a 2x2 factorial randomized controlled trial design to determine independent and combined efficacies of Mind (cognitive training with BrainHQ) and Move (lifestyle physical activity with goal self‐monitoring and nurse‐led group meetings) interventions. Outcome measures of cognition and serum biomarkers (brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, insulin‐like growth factor 1) are collected at baseline, 24, 48, and 72 weeks. Nurse scientists oversee interventions, cardiologists refer women ≥65 years with CVD and no cognitive impairment from clinics, and a cognitive neurologist and neuropsychologist oversee outcome measures. Pandemic‐related protocol changes were implemented to maximize study integrity and participant/staff safety. Targeted mailings were added to in‐person recruitment strategies. Screening activities shifted to phone. In‐person data collection was modified for phone/virtual settings, including accelerometer mailing (device measure of physical activity), neurocognitive tests validated for phone use, and home‐based participant‐administered dried blood spot collection for serum biomarkers. Women are now provided and trained to use iPad tablets to complete intervention activities virtually (e.g., Move group meetings).ResultThe anticipated number of participants (19) in the first cohort was recruited without disruption, in the original timeline. Participants completed all phone‐based questionnaires and mailed devices were returned. Randomization occurred as planned. Intervention activities are ongoing, including phone‐based orientations and ≥90% attendance at virtual meetings.ConclusionThe modified trial protocol is being successfully implemented during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Results will demonstrate efficacy of pivoting from in‐person to virtual delivery of a lifestyle‐focused multimodal intervention in at‐risk older women with CVD.