bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responsive neurostimulation of the thalamus improves seizure control in idiopathic generalised epilepsy: initial case series
Authors: Sisterson Nathaniel D , Kokkinos Vasileios , Urban Alexandra , Li Ningfei , Richardson R Mark 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesUp to 40% of patients with idiopathic generalised epilepsy (IGE) are drug resistant and potentially could benefit from intracranial neuromodulation of the seizure circuit. We present outcomes following 2 years of thalamic-responsive neurostimulation for IGE.MethodsFour patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy underwent RNS System implantation in the bilateral centromedian (CM) nucleus region. Electrophysiological data were extracted from the clinical patient data management system and analysed using a specialised platform (BRAINStim). Postoperative visualisation of electrode locations was performed using Lead-DBS. Seizure outcomes were reported using the Engel scale.ResultsPatients experienced a 75%–99% reduction in seizure frequency with decreased seizure duration and severity (Engel class IB, IC, IIA and IIIA), as well as significant improvements in quality of life. Outcomes were durable through at least 2 years of therapy. Detection accuracy for all patients overall decreased over successive programming epochs from a mean of 96.5% to 88.3%. Most electrodes used to deliver stimulation were located in the CM (7/10) followed by the posterior dorsal ventral lateral (2/2), posterior ventral posterior lateral (3/4) and posterior ventral ventral lateral (2/3). In all patients, stimulation varied from 0.2 to 2.0 mA and amplitude only increased over successive epochs. The raw percentage of intracranial electroencephalography recordings with stimulations delivered to electrographic seizures was 24.8%, 1.2%, 7.6% and 8.8%.ConclusionClosed-loop stimulation of the CM region may provide significant improvement in seizure control and quality of life for patients with drug-resistant IGE. Optimal detection and stimulation locations and parameters remain an active area of investigation for accelerating and fine-tuning clinical responses.
Tree quality and value: results in northern conifer stands after 65 years of silviculture and harvest
Authors: Granstrom Maren , Crandall Mindy S. , Kenefic Laura S. , Weiskittel Aaron R. 
Published: February 2022

Despite the importance of financial outcomes to stand-level forest management decision-making, long-term assessments are rare. We compared the quality and value of mixed, northern conifer (Picea–Abies–Tsuga) stands in Maine, USA, treated with a range of silvicultural systems and exploitive cuttings for 65 years. Ten replicated treatments — single-tree selection and uniform shelterwood systems, commercial clearcutting, fixed and guiding diameter-limit cutting, and no cutting — were assessed for quality and value of standing and harvested trees. Selection systems resulted in good tree quality and high stand value, particularly when applied on a short cutting cycle, but small harvest volumes were not always commercially operable. Shelterwood system resulted in good tree quality, but changes in species values over time influenced financial outcomes. In contrast, commercial clearcutting and fixed diameter-limit cutting resulted in poor tree quality and low residual stand value after multiple harvests. Guiding diameter-limit cutting resulted in high stand value and is more appropriately characterized as a silvicultural system than exploitive harvesting when applied with harvest volume limits and seed tree retention. Overall, treatments focused on short-term financial gain led to degraded stand conditions, while those that sought to grow high-quality trees resulted in desirable outcomes over the long term.
Ferric chloride amendment reduces phosphorus losses from flooded soil monoliths to overlying floodwater
Authors: Van Emily , Kumaragamage Darshani , Amarawansha Geethani , Goltz Doug 
Published: February 2022

The accumulation of phosphorus (P) in agricultural soils and subsequent losses to waterways contribute to eutrophication in surface water bodies. In agricultural lands prone to prolonged flooding during spring snowmelt, P may be released to overlying floodwater and transported to lakes downstream. Ferric chloride (FeCl3) is a potential soil amendment to mitigate P losses, but its effectiveness for flooded soils with snowmelt is not well documented. Thirty-six intact soil monoliths taken from four agricultural fields in Manitoba's Red River Valley region were surface-amended with FeCl3 at three rates (0, 2.5, and 5 Mg ha–1) to evaluate the effectiveness of FeCl3 in minimizing P losses to porewater and floodwater. Over 8 weeks of simulated snowmelt flooding, porewater, and floodwater samples taken weekly were analyzed for concentrations of dissolved reactive P (DRP), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and pH. Change in the redox potential was also measured weekly. With time of flooding, redox potential decreased in all soil monoliths. At early stages of flooding, the porewater pH values were significantly lower in FeCl3-amended monoliths but increased with flooding time. Porewater and floodwater DRP concentrations increased in all soils when flooded, but the magnitudes varied. Amendment of FeCl3 decreased the DRP concentrations from 17% to 97% in porewater and 26% to 99% in floodwater, with the effectiveness varying depending on the soil, FeCl3 rate, and flooding time. Amendment of FeCl3 increased porewater concentrations of Ca, Mg, Fe, and Mn. Soil amendment with FeCl3 at both rates shows promise in mitigating redox-induced P losses from flooded soils.
Perturbative QCD analysis of neutral B-meson decays into $$\sigma \sigma , \sigma f_0$$ and $$f_0 f_0$$
Authors: Niu Hua-Dian , Li Guo-Dong , Ren Jia-Le , Liu Xin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe decays of $$B_{d,s}^0 \rightarrow \sigma \sigma , \sigma f_0, f_0 f_0$$

B

d
,
s

0

→
σ
σ
,
σ

f
0

,

f
0

f
0

, with $$\sigma $$
σ
and $$f_0$$

f
0

denoting the light scalar mesons $$f_0(500)$$

f
0

(
500
)

and $$f_0(980)$$

f
0

(
980
)

in the two-quark picture, are studied in the perturbative QCD approach based on $$k_T$$

k
T

factorization. With the referenced value of the mixing angle $$|\varphi | \sim 25^\circ $$

|
φ
|

∼

25
∘

for the $$\sigma -f_0$$

σ
-

f
0

mixing in the quark-flavor basis, it is of great interest to obtain that: (a) these neutral B-meson decays into $$\sigma \sigma , \sigma f_0$$

σ
σ
,
σ

f
0

, and $$f_0 f_0$$

f
0

f
0

have large branching ratios in the order of $$10^{-6}{-}10^{-4}$$

10

-
6

-

10

-
4

, which mean the possibly constructive interferences existed in the decays with different flavor states, and then are expected to be tested at the Large Hadron Collider beauty and/or Belle-II experiments in the (near) future; (b) the large direct CP violations could be easily found in the $$B_d^0 \rightarrow \sigma \sigma , f_0 f_0$$

B
d
0

→
σ
σ
,

f
0

f
0

and $$B_{d,s}^0 \rightarrow \sigma f_0$$

B

d
,
s

0

→
σ

f
0

decays, which indicate the considerable interferences between the tree and the penguin decay amplitudes involved in these four modes, and would be confronted with the future measurements; (c) these neutral B-meson decays could be examined through the secondary decay chain $$\sigma /f_0 \rightarrow \pi ^+ \pi ^-$$

σ
/

f
0

→

π
+

π
-

, namely, the four-body decays of $$B_{d,s}^0 \rightarrow (\pi ^+ \pi ^-)_{\sigma (f_0)} (\pi ^+ \pi ^-)_{\sigma (f_0)}$$

B

d
,
s

0

→

(

π
+

π
-

)

σ
(

f
0

)

(

π
+

π
-

)

σ
(

f
0

)

with still large branching ratios. On the other side, it seems that other 4 four-body decays of $$B_d^0 \rightarrow (\pi ^+ \pi ^-)_{\sigma } (K^+ K^-)_{f_0}$$

B
d
0

→

(

π
+

π
-

)

σ

(

K
+

K
-

)

f
0

, $$B_s^0 \rightarrow (\pi ^+ \pi ^-)_{\sigma (f_0)} (K^+ K^-)_{f_0}$$

B
s
0

→

(

π
+

π
-

)

σ
(

f
0

)

(

K
+

K
-

)

f
0

, and $$B_s^0 \rightarrow (K^+ K^-)_{f_0} (K^+ K^-)_{f_0}$$

B
s
0

→

(

K
+

K
-

)

f
0

(

K
+

K
-

)

f
0

could also be detected at the relevant experiments, if the $$f_0 \rightarrow K^+ K^-$$

f
0

→

K
+

K
-

could be identified from the $$\phi \rightarrow K^+ K^-$$

ϕ
→

K
+

K
-

clearly. The (near) future experimental confirmations with good precision would help to further study the perturbative and/or nonperturbative QCD dynamics involved in these considered decay modes, as well as to explore the intrinsic characters of these scalar mesons $$\sigma $$
σ
and/or $$f_0$$

f
0

and to constrain both of the magnitude and the sign of $$\varphi $$
φ
.
Electrically charged quark stars in 4D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity
Authors: Pretel Juan M. Z. , Banerjee Ayan , Pradhan Anirudh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this work we study the properties of compact spheres made of a charged perfect fluid with a MIT bag model EoS for quark matter. Considering static spherically symmetric spacetime we derive the hydrostatic equilibrium equations in the recently formulated four dimensional Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet (4D EGB) gravity theory. In this setting, the modified TOV equations are solved numerically with the aim to investigate the impact of electric charge on the stellar structure. A nice feature of 4D EGB theory is that the Gauss–Bonnet term has a non-vanishing contribution to the gravitational dynamics in 4D spacetime. We therefore analyse the effects of Gauss–Bonnet coupling constant $$\alpha $$
α
and the charge fraction $$\beta $$
β
on the mass–radius ($$M{-}R$$

M
-
R

) diagram and also the mass–central density $$(M{-}\rho _c)$$

(
M
-

ρ
c

)

relation of quark stars. Finally, we conclude that depending on the choice of coupling constant one could have larger mass and radius compared with GR and can also be relevant for more massive compact objects due to the effect of the repulsive Coulomb force.
Planetary physics research at the Facility for Antiprotons and Ion Research using intense ion beams
Authors: Tahir N. A. , Shutov A. , Neumayer P. , Bagnoud V. , Piriz A. R. , Piriz S. A. , Deutsch C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntense particle beams offer a new efficient driver to produce extended samples of high energy density (HED) matter with extreme physical conditions that are expected to exist in the planetary interiors. In this paper, we present two-dimensional hydrodynamic implosion simulations of a multi-layered cylindrical target that is driven by an intense uranium beam. The target is comprised of a sample material (which is water in the present case) that is enclosed in a cylindrical tungsten shell. This scheme is named LAPLAS that stands for Laboratory Planetary Science, and it leads to a low entropy compression. This means that the water sample is compressed to super-solid densities, ultra-high pressures, but relatively low temperatures. Such exotic conditions are predicted to exist in the cores of water-rich solar, as well as extrasolar planets. The beam parameters are chosen to match the characteristics of the particle beam that will be delivered by the heavy ion synchrotron, SIS100, at the Facility for Antiprotons and Ion Research (FAIR), at Darmstadt. It is to be noted that the LAPLAS scheme is an important part of the HED physics program at FAIR, which is named HEDP@FAIR. The simulations predict that the LAPLAS experiments will produce a wealth of information on the Equation-of-State properties of the exotic matter that forms the planetary cores. This information can be very helpful in understanding the formation, evolution and the final structure of the planets.
The Sufficient Conditions of (δ(G) − 2)-(|F|-)Fault-Tolerant Maximal Local-(Edge-)Connectivity of Connected Graphs
Authors: Yin Shanshan , Xu Liqiong , Yang Weihua 
Published: February 2022

An interconnection network is usually modeled by a connected graph in which vertices represent processors and edges represent links between processors. The connectivity is an important parameter to evaluate the fault tolerance of interconnection networks. A connected graph [Formula: see text] is maximally local-(edge-)connected if each pair vertices [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is connected by min[Formula: see text] pairwise (edge-)disjoint paths between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text]. A graph [Formula: see text] is called [Formula: see text]-fault-tolerant maximally local-(edge-)connected if [Formula: see text] is maximally local-(edge-)connected for any [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) with [Formula: see text]. A graph [Formula: see text] is called [Formula: see text]-fault-tolerant maximally local-(edge-)connected of order [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] is maximally local-(edge-)connected for any [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a conditional faulty vertex (edge) set of order [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we obtain the sufficient condition of connected graphs to be [Formula: see text]-edge-fault-tolerant maximally local-edge-connected. Moreover, we consider the sufficient condition of connected graphs to be [Formula: see text]-fault-tolerant maximally local-(edge-)connected of order [Formula: see text]. Some previous results in [Theor. Comput. Sci. 731 (2018) 50–67] and [Theor. Comput. Sci. 847 (2020) 39–48] are extended.
Neurodoron® for Stress Impairments: A Prospective, Multicenter Non-Interventional Trial
Authors: Hellhammer Juliane , Schmidt Katja , Semaca Cristina , Hufnagel Rebecca 
Published: February 2022

Introduction. Stress is associated with a multitude of physical and psychological health impairments. To tackle these health disorders, over-the-counter (OTC) products like Neurodoron® are popular since they are considered safe and tolerable. Experience reports and first studies indicate that Neurodoron® is efficient in the treatment of stress-associated health symptoms. To confirm this, a non-interventional study (NIS) with pharmacies was conducted. Methods. The NIS was planned to enroll female and male patients who suffered from nervous exhaustion with symptoms caused by acute and/or chronic stress. The main outcome measures were characteristic stress symptoms, stress burden, and perceived stress. Further outcome measures included perceived efficacy and tolerability of the product as assessed by the patients and collection of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). A study duration of about 21 days with a recommended daily dose of 3–4 tablets was set. Results. 279 patients were enrolled at 74 German pharmacies. The analyzed set (AS) included 272 patients (mean age 44.8 ± 14.4 years, 73.9% female). 175 patients of the AS completed the NIS. During the study, all stress symptoms declined significantly (total score 18.1 vs. 12.1 (of max. 39 points),

p

< 0.0001). Furthermore, a reduction of stress burden (relative difference in stress burden, VAS = −29.1%,

p

< 0.0001) was observed. For most patients, perceived stress was reduced at the study end (PSQ total score decreased in 70.9% of the patients). 75.9% of the study population rated the product efficacy as “good” or “very good” and 96.6% rated its tolerability as “good” or “very good.” One uncritical ADR was reported. Discussion/Conclusion. This study adds information on the beneficial effects of Neurodoron® in self-medication. The results from this NIS showed a marked reduction in stress burden and perceived stress, along with an excellent safety profile of the medicinal product (MP) Neurodoron®. Further trials are required to confirm these results.
Effect of Normobaric Hypoxia on Alterations in Redox Homeostasis, Nitrosative Stress, Inflammation, and Lysosomal Function following Acute Physical Exercise
Authors: Maciejczyk Mateusz , Zalewska Anna , Gryciuk Małgorzata , Hodun Katarzyna , Czuba Miłosz , Płoszczyca Kamila , Charmas Małgorzata , Sadowski Jerzy , Baranowski Marcin 
Published: February 2022

Hypoxia is a recognized inducer of oxidative stress during prolonged physical activity. Nevertheless, previous studies have not systematically examined the effects of normoxia and hypoxia during acute physical exercise. The study is aimed at evaluating the relationship between enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant barrier, total antioxidant/oxidant status, oxidative and nitrosative damage, inflammation, and lysosomal function in different acute exercise protocols under normoxia and hypoxia. Fifteen competitive athletes were recruited for the study. They were subjected to two types of acute cycling exercise with different intensities and durations: graded exercise until exhaustion (GE) and simulated 30 km individual time trial (TT). Both exercise protocols were performed under normoxic and hypoxic (

Fi

O

2

=
16.5
%

) conditions. The number of subjects was determined based on our previous experiment, assuming the test

power
=
0.8

and

α
=
0.05

. We demonstrated enhanced enzymatic antioxidant systems during hypoxic exercise (GE: ↑ catalase (CAT), ↑ superoxide dismutase; TT: ↑ CAT) with a concomitant decrease in plasma reduced glutathione. In athletes exercising in hypoxia, redox status was shifted in favor of oxidation reactions (GE: ↑ total oxidant status, ↓ redox ratio), leading to increased oxidation/nitration of proteins (GE: ↑ advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), ↑ ischemia-modified albumin, ↑ 3-nitrotyrosine, ↑ S-nitrosothiols; TT: ↑ AOPP) and lipids (GE: ↑ malondialdehyde). Concentrations of nitric oxide and its metabolites (peroxynitrite) were significantly higher in the plasma of hypoxic exercisers with an associated increase in inflammatory mediators (GE: ↑ myeloperoxidase, ↑ tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and lysosomal exoglycosidase activity (GE: ↑ N-acetyl-β-hexosaminidase, ↑ β-glucuronidase). Our study indicates that even a single intensive exercise session disrupts the antioxidant barrier and leads to increased oxidative and nitrosative damage at the systemic level. High-intensity exercise until exhaustion (GE) alters redox homeostasis more than the less intense exercise (TT, near the anaerobic threshold) of longer duration (

20.2
±
1.9

min vs.

61.1
±
5.4

min—normoxia;

18.0
±
1.9

min vs.

63.7
±
3.0

min—hypoxia), while hypoxia significantly exacerbates oxidative stress, inflammation, and lysosomal dysfunction in athletic subjects.
Fast image watermarking based on signum of cosine matrix
Authors: Ernawan Ferda , Adi Prajanto Wahyu , Liew Siau-Chuin , Sarwoko Eko Adi , Winarno Edy 
Published: February 2022

<span>In the field of image watermarking, the singular value decomposition has good imperceptibility and robustness, but it has high complexity. It divides a host image into matrices of U, S, and V. Singular matrix S has been widely used for embedding and extracting watermark, while orthogonal matrices of U and V are used in decomposition and reconstruction. The proposed signum of cosine matrix method is carried out to eliminate the generation of the three matrices at each block and replace it with a signum of cosine matrix. The proposed signum of cosine matrix is performed faster on the decomposition and reconstruction. The image is transformed into a coefficient matrix C using the signum matrix. The C matrix values are closer to the S value of singular value decomposition which can preserve high quality of the watermarked image. The experimental results show that our method is able to produce similar imperceptibility and robustness level of the watermarked image with less computational time.</span>
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy With and Without Prepregnancy Hypertension Are Associated With Incident Maternal Kidney Disease Subsequent to Delivery
Authors: Malek Angela M. , Hunt Kelly J. , Turan Tanya N. , Mateus Julio , Lackland Daniel T. , Lucas Anika , Wilson Dulaney A. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Maternal morbidity and mortality are related to prepregnancy hypertensive disease and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) including preeclampsia (41.1% of HDP), eclampsia (1.3% of HDP), and gestational hypertension (39.9% of HDP). Less information is available on the risk of maternal kidney disease and potential racial/ethnic differences following a hypertensive condition during pregnancy. Our objective was to examine the relationships between HDP and prepregnancy hypertension with maternal incident kidney disease subsequent to delivery (up to 3, 5, and 14 years) with consideration of racial/ethnic differences.

Methods:
In a retrospective cohort study, 391 838 women 12 to 49 years of age had a live birth in South Carolina between 2004 and 2016; 35.1% non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and 64.9% non-Hispanic White (NHW). Hospitalization, emergency department, and birth certificate data defined prepregnancy hypertension and HDP. Hospitalization and death certificate data identified incident kidney disease.

Results:

317 006 (80.8%) women experienced neither condition, 1473 (0.4%) had prepregnancy hypertension, 64 050 (16.3%) had HDP, and 9662 (2.5%) had both conditions (prepregnancy hypertension with superimposed HDP, ie, preeclampsia). Five years after delivery, incident kidney disease risk was increased for NHB and NHW women with HDP (NHB: hazard ratio, 2.30 [95% CI, 1.94–2.73]; NHW: hazard ratio, 1.97 [95% CI, 1.64–2.37]) and with both conditions (NHB: hazard ratio, 3.88 [95% CI, 3.05–4.93]; NHW: hazard ratio, 1.86 [95% CI, 1.20–2.87]) compared with counterparts with neither condition after adjustment (
P
value for race/ethnicity interaction=0.003).

Conclusions:
Increased kidney disease risk 5 years after delivery was observed for women with HDP and with both compared with neither condition, with associated risk higher in NHB than NHW women.
Biological Age Acceleration Is Lower in Women With Ischemic Stroke Compared to Men
Authors: Gallego-Fabrega Cristina , Muiño Elena , Cullell Natalia , Cárcel-Márquez Jara , Lazcano Uxue , Soriano-Tárraga Carolina , Lledós Miquel , Llucià-Carol Laia , Aguilera-Simón Ana , Marín Rebeca , Prats-Sánchez Luis , Camps-Renom Pol , Delgado-Mederos Raquel , Martín-Campos Jesús M. , Delgado Pilar , Martí-Fàbregas Joan , Montaner Joan , Krupinski Jerzy , Jiménez-Conde J. , Roquer Jaume , Fernández-Cadenas Israel 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Stroke onset in women occurs later in life compared with men. The underlying mechanisms of these differences have not been established. Epigenetic clocks, based on DNA methylation (DNAm) profiles, are the most accurate biological age estimate. Epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) measures indicate whether an individual is biologically younger or older than expected. Our aim was to analyze whether sexual dichotomy at age of stroke onset is conditioned by EAA.

Methods:
We used 2 DNAm datasets from whole blood samples of case-control genetic studies of ischemic stroke (IS), a discovery cohort of 374 IS patients (N women=163, N men=211), from GRECOS (Genotyping Recurrence Risk of Stroke) and SEDMAN (Dabigatran Study in the Early Phase of Stroke, New Neuroimaging Markers and Biomarkers) studies and a replication cohort of 981 IS patients (N women=411, N men=570) from BASICMAR register. We compared chronological age, 2 DNAm-based biomarkers of aging and intrinsic and extrinsic epigenetic age acceleration EAA (IEAA and extrinsic EAA, respectively), in IS as well as in individual IS etiologic subtypes. Horvath and Hannum epigenetic clocks were used to assess the aging rate. A proteomic study using the SOMAScan multiplex assay was performed on 26 samples analyzing 1305 proteins.

Results:

Women present lower Hannum-extrinsic EAA values, whereas men have higher Hannum-extrinsic EAA values (women=−0.64, men=1.24,
P
=1.34×10
-2
); the same tendency was observed in the second cohort (women=−0.57, men=0.79,
P
=0.02). These differences seemed to be specific to cardioembolic and undetermined stroke subtypes. Additionally, 42 blood protein levels were associated with Hannum-extrinsic EAA (
P
<0.05), belonging to the immune effector process (
P
=1.54×10
-6
) and platelet degranulation (
P
<8.74×10
-6
) pathways.

Conclusions:
This study shows that sex-specific underlying biological mechanisms associated with stroke onset could be due to differences in biological age acceleration between men and women.