bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant and organoleptic test of Soursop (Annona muricata Linn.) leaf tea in herbal tea production process
Authors: Syafa’atun Tria , Marisa Nur 
Published: August 2022

Soursop leaves (Annona muricata Linn.) contain antioxidant compounds. Antioxidants are useful for protecting body cells from damage caused by free radicals. The purpose of this study was to analyze the antioxidant and organoleptic activity of soursop leaf herbal tea (Annona muricata Linn.). The antioxidant activity test used the DPPH method (2,2-diphenyil-1-picrylhydrazyl), while the organoleptic test was performed using the scoring method. The results of the study stated that the highest taste value was obtained in the 150-minute drying time sample of 2.4 and the lowest value in the 60-minute drying time sample of 2.1. The highest color was obtained in the sample drying time of 60 minutes of 3.5, while the lowest value of the sample of drying time of 150 minutes was 1.8. The highest aroma value was obtained in the 60-minute drying time sample of 3.2 and the lowest aroma value in the 120-minute drying time sample of 2.2.©2020 JNSMR UIN Walisongo. All rights reserved.
Parasicity level of Telenomus sp. parasitoid against Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith eggs in the laboratory
Authors: Putra Ichsan Luqmana Indra , Wati Codrat Dwi Nugroho Sulistyo 
Published: August 2022

Telenomus sp. as a biological agent, can be used to control a new pest, namely Spodoptera frugiperda which attacks maize in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to count the number of eggs of S. frugiperda parasitized by Telenomus sp. and to calculate the level of parasitization of the parasitoid Telenomus sp. against S. frugiperda in the laboratory. Research method that used in this research were searching for S. frugiperda caterpillars and preparation of Telenomus sp. The data analysis used in this research was inferential analysis. The results of this study were tested using the normality test, as well as the homogeneity test, and continued with the Kruskal Wallis test. The results showed that parasite level of parasitoid in tube I, tube II, tube III, and tube IV, namely 0%, 23.5%, 18.3%, 11.3%, and the calculation of sex ratio on Telenomus sp. were 2 females and 1 male were found. This study concludes that the number of parasitoids Telenomus sp. affects the level of egg parasitization.©2020 JNSMR UIN Walisongo. All rights reserved.
Synthesis and characterization of SO42-/KCC-1 catalyst as an alternative candidate for simultaneous esterification and transesterification reactions
Authors: Farikhah Ginda Putri , Udaibah Wirda , Mulyatun Mulyatun 
Published: August 2022

Sulfate-impregnated acid catalysts can be used to replace conventional homogeneous base catalysts which are very dangerous, corrosive and environmentally unfriendly. Sulfate impregnation on porous support material will increase the surface area of the catalyst. The use of KCC-1 as a supporting material can produce catalysts with excellent properties. The method used in this research is the hydrothermal method for the synthesis of KCC-1 and the direct impregnation method for the synthesis of SO42-/KCC-1. Characterization of the resulting material using X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR spectrometer, and low temperature emission scanning electron microscope (SEM). The characterization results showed that the synthesis of KCC-1 and SO42-/KCC-1 had been successfully carried out. This is evidenced by the formation of amorphous silica, the presence of peaks of silica and sulfate groups, and scanning electron microscope images showing nano-sized materials.©2021 JNSMR UIN Walisongo. All rights reserved.
Parasitic Protozoa found in the skin, gills, and intestines of Patin Catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) and Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Kumar Veenu , Nugraha Arifin Budiman , Cahyaningsih Umi , Rahmani Tara Puri Ducha 
Published: August 2022

The parasitic protozoa found in "Ikan Patin" or a species of Catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) and "Ikan Mas" or Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) are Trichodina sp., Ichthyophthirius sp. and Myxobolus sp. These protozoa have the potential to cause death in fish and economic losses to fish farmers and sellers. This study was conducted to determine the presence of parasitic protozoa on the skin, gills, and intestines of Catfish and Carp. Samples were taken from the Bursa Ikan Hias Laladon or Laladon Ornamental Fish Market in Bogor, Indonesia. Each species was sampled for as many as 30 fish. The skin, gills, and intestines were examined using the native examination method and Lugol staining. Parasitic protozoa were identified based on their morphology, namely size, and shape. The types of parasitic protozoa found on the skin, gills, and intestines of Catfish and goldfish were Trichodina sp., Ichthyophthirius sp., and Myxobolus sp. The parasites were found in skin organs in as many as 29 samples (96.7%) from Catfish and 30 samples (100%) from Carp. The Genera of Ichthyophthirius sp. were found in the gills of 2 samples (6.7%) in Catfish and 1 sample (3.3%) from positive Carp. Myxobolus sp. was found in the intestines of 11 samples (36.7%) from Catfish and two samples (6.7%) from Carp. The species of Trichodina sp. found based on morphology was Trichodina giurusi.©2021 JNSMR UIN Walisongo. All rights reserved.
Type 2 diabetes, independent of obesity and age, is characterized by senescent and dysfunctional mature human adipose cells
Authors: Gustafson Birgit , Nerstedt Annika , Spinelli Rosa , Beguinot Francesco , Smith Ulf 
Published: August 2022

<p>Obesity with dysfunctional adipose cells is the major cause of the current epidemic of T2D. We examined senescence in human adipose tissue cells from age- and BMI-matched lean, obese and obese T2D individuals and found mature and fully differentiated adipose cells from obese and, more pronounced, from T2D individuals to exhibit increased senescence similar to what we previously have shown in the progenitor cells. Degree of adipose cell senescence was positively correlated with whole-body insulin resistance and adipose cell size. Adipose cell protein analysis revealed dysfunctional cells in T2D with increased senescence markers, reduced PPARγ, GLUT4 and pS473AKT. Consistent with a recent study, we found the cell cycle regulator cyclin D1 to be increased in obese cells but also further elevated in T2D cells, closely correlating with senescence markers, ambient donor glucose and, more inconsistently, with plasma insulin levels. Furthermore, fully differentiated adipose cells were susceptible to experimentally induced senescence, to conditioned medium increasing cyclin D1 and also responsive to senolytic agents. Thus, fully mature human adipose cells from obese and, more pronounced, T2D subjects become senescent and SASP secretion by senescent progenitor cells can play an important role in addition to donor hyperinsulinemia. </p>
Research feasibility and ethics in Scottish new-born blood spot archive.
Authors: Cunningham-Burley Sarah , McCartney Daniel L , Campbell Archie , Flaig Robin , El Orange Clare , Porteous Carol , Aitken Mhairi , Mulholland Ciaran , Davidson Sara , McCafferty Selena M 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesThere were two objectives to this study: 1) to gauge public opinion on the use of Guthrie card-derived blood samples for epidemiological and biological research; and 2) to evaluate the feasibility of recovering meaningful molecular data from these samples.
ApproachTo address the first objective, a 2-day Citizens’ Jury was conducted in partnership with Ipsos MORI, comprising a diverse adult sample in terms of age, sex, working status and social grade (n=20). Jurors were asked whether research access to Guthrie card blood tests would be in the public interest. To address the second objective, DNA methylation (DNAm) was profiled from samples from 58 Generation Scotland participants, whose Guthrie cards had been stored from birth for between 32 and 38 years. Analyses were performed on Guthrie DNAm samples to determine whether previously-reported associations with perinatal maternal smoking behaviours were detectable.
ResultsThe Citizens’ Jury yielded an overall positive response towards data sharing for health research. Concerns were raised about data protection and security, control and oversight, and commercial use. The overall verdict was that access to Guthrie card data would be in the public interest, conditional on the purpose of the research, regulated access procedures, ethical oversight and provision of opportunities for participants to opt out.
DNAm detection rates from Guthrie samples were lower than from samples stored in tubes. However, it was possible to confirm linkage to the correct individuals in Generation Scotland using DNAm-derived estimates of genotype and sex. A significant association was observed between a DNAm-based score for smoking and perinatal maternal smoking status derived from the baseline Generation Scotland questionnaire.
ConclusionWe showed that: 1) public support exists for using Guthrie samples in research, conditional on certain safeguards; 2) DNAm can be profiled from cards stored for up to 38 years and can predict maternal smoking behaviour. Guthrie cards are a potentially valuable resource for epidemiological studies and predicting health outcomes.
Children in out of home care in the youth justice system – understanding when they may be more vulnerable to further offending.
Authors: Hodges Helen , Fahey Kevin 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesBy linking external data to that already held in SAIL Databank, a fuller picture of the sometimes-chaotic lives of those in the youth justice system has been compiled. By looking at the impact of changes in circumstances on the likelihood of offending, opportunities for intervention have been identified.
ApproachData from two Welsh youth justice services are used to model how the probability of further offending changes over time for different groups. By linking data from the risk assessment process previously used across England & Wales, to children’s’ social services, education and health records within SAIL Databank, we can for the first-time model their needs and circumstances, and establish temporal precedence in relation to offending. These linked records create an original longitudinal dataset to undertake within- and between- group analysis with a particular focus on understanding the complex relationship between risk and protective factors, and offending for minority groups.
ResultsAdopting an intersectional approach, multi-level modelling has been undertaken to ascertain how the likelihood of further offending changes in response to changes in circumstances (e.g., change of school/placement, starting or finishing treatment for substance misuse or mental health issues) and in response to events linked to the administration of justice (breaches, court appearances and time in custody/remand). In seeking to understand the drivers of recidivism and desistence for different groups of young people, a range of advanced statistical techniques are adopted to most effectively leverage these novel data. Key findings from this research support the need for take up of approaches tailored to the needs and circumstances of the individual.
ConclusionOur ongoing research, in collaboration with key stakeholders, will help improve the outcomes of those young people who have come into conflict with the law. Such research will identify where there is need for timely, appropriate multi-agency support tailored to the needs and circumstances of the individual.
A new data linkage infrastructure.
Authors: Alexis Thomas 
Published: August 2022

Our overall objectives are to make data linkage a more feasible and frequently used approach by easing the burden on data controllers posed by data assembly for complex linkage projects. By moving towards data linkage as a more expected and standard approach, policy relevant research into a variety of outcomes can be conducted.
The approach to this has been to create a new secure data linkage infrastructure, and to formulate research projects which will use the linked research data delivered by the infrastructure. A suite of information governance documents have also been developed for the data to be held in the secure infrastructure. Holding the data in a de-identified format on behalf of the data controller in a dedicated area for linkage projects means that the data controller only needs to be involved in the approvals process for the project, and a team of experts who operate the infrastructure can assemble the data.
The results have been that there are several datasets pertaining to Education in Scotland being held within the infrastructure, with more in the pipeline. The data is held in such a way that there are no personal identifiers present in the same location as the variables which are typically of research interest; the stored data is split into three parts and shared across two partner organisations. This separation of functions approach assures data controllers and the public that the data poses extremely minimal privacy risk while in storage, but can be assembled into products which are very useful for approved research in the public interest.
In conclusion, the new methodology for data linkage developed by this approach is hoped to save time, money and lives. A dedicated secure environment for data linkage will ensure the security and privacy of stored data while providing capacity for complex, rich research data to be brought together.
Generation Scotland - Using Electronic Health Records for Research.
Authors: Campbell Archie , Flaig Robin , Porteous David , Sudlow Cathie 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesGeneration Scotland (GS) is a family-based genetic epidemiology study of around 24,000 volunteers from 7000 families recruited across Scotland between 2006 and 2011 with follow-up through record linkage and re-contact. Broad consent was obtained for linkage to medical records for 98% of the cohort. Recruitment has recommenced in 2022.
ApproachParticipants completed a demographic, health and lifestyle questionnaire, provided biological samples, and underwent detailed clinical assessment. The samples, phenotype and genotype data form a resource with broad consent for health-related research of current and projected public health importance.
This has become a longitudinal dataset by linkage to routine NHS hospital, maternity, lab test, prescriptions, dentistry, mortality, cancer screening, GP data records, Covid-19 testing and vaccinations. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been done on quantitative traits and biomarkers, with DNA methylation data and proteomics available for most of the cohort. Our “CovidLife” surveys collected data on the effects of the pandemic.
ResultsResearchers can use the linked datasets to ascertain prevalent and incident disease cases and controls to test a wide range of research hypotheses. They can also recruit participants to new studies, including recall by genotype, utilising the NHS Scotland Community Health Index (CHI) Register for current contact details. We have established and validated electronic health record linkage, overcoming technical and governance issues in the process. Using consented data avoids some limitations of safe havens for analysis.
GS is a contributor to major international consortia, with collaborators from many institutions worldwide, both academic and commercial. New recruits are now asked to give consent to linkage to other administrative data, and reuse of samples from routine NHS tests for medical research.
ConclusionGS is now extending linkages to include radiology and health-relevant administrative data (e.g. education); and reopening recruitment to double the cohort size, including teenagers age 12+, collecting new data online and using remote sample collection.
GS resources are available to academic and commercial researchers through a managed access process (www.generationscotland.org).
Variation in multimorbidity prevalence by number of long-term conditions counted: primary care population cross-sectional study.
Authors: MacRae Clare , Mercer Stewart , Guthrie Bruce 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesMultimorbidity poses a major challenge to healthcare systems worldwide, but there is no standardised approach to measuring multimorbidity. Existing studies include a median of 17 (IQR 11-23, range 2-285) long-term conditions (LTCs), making it difficult to compare or replicate research, particularly research examining the prevalence of multimorbidity.
ApproachIn this cross-sectional study of 1,168,620 people from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, we extracted data on 99 LTCs defined by validated code-sets, including all conditions recommended as core by a recent Delphi study. We examined how the prevalence of multimorbidity defined as ≥2 LTCs, varied when including different numbers of LTCs in the measure. We calculated multimorbidity prevalence when including only the two most prevalent LTCs, repeating the calculation for 3,4,5, through to 99 LTCs, added in order of descending prevalence. Results were stratified by age, sex, and socioeconomic status (SES).
ResultsUsing only the two most prevalent LTCs, 16.8% of people had multimorbidity, compared to 39.3% for 10 LTCs, 42.0% for 25 LTCs, 42.5% for 50 LTCs, 42.6% for 75 LTCs, and 42.6% for all 99 LTCs. Whole population prevalence was essentially stable once 46+ LTCs were included (estimated prevalence change from adding any additional LTC <0.01%) and this was true in all age strata. The absolute difference in estimated prevalence using 99 versus using two LTCs was smallest in younger people (0.3% difference aged 0-4yrs), large in older people (20.4% ≥90yrs), largest in middle age (37.0% 55-59yrs), and was socially patterned, being lowest for people living in the most affluent areas (SES decile 1= 24.2%) and highest in the most deprived areas (SES decile 10=28.9%).
ConclusionEstimates of multimorbidity prevalence vary markedly depending on how many LTCs are counted, with absolute differences in estimated prevalence largest for people in middle-age and with lowest SES. Further research is needed to support implementation of a uniform approach to defining how many conditions to include in multimorbidity measures.
Life-limiting health conditions, treatment and subsequent mortality associated with differences in health service use in people with severe mental illness: an analysis of the Northern Ireland population using administrative data sources.
Authors: McCarter Rachel , Rosato Michael , Leavey Gerry 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTo examine differences in hospital admissions for people with severe mental illness (SMI), physical health multimorbidity and mortality compared to the general hospital population without SMI.
ApproachThis study linked electronically captured routine administrative data from Northern Ireland (from 2013-2021): this comprised hospital records (including diagnostics codes); community prescribed medications; standard indicators of social deprivation (NIMDM); mortality data (General Register Office); and associated demographic data. The population included for analysis comprised 1,153,447 persons registered with a general practice at 01/01/2010 who subsequently attended a hospital setting. SMI was classified as a binary variable.
ResultsThe population comprised 933,816 hospital patients aged 20plus at 2010, 414,887 (44.4%) males and 518,929 (55.5%) females – with 13,920 (1.5%) recording SMI: 6492 (46.6%) males and 7433 (53.4%) females between 2010 and 2021. Of these 7620 (54.7%) recorded schizophrenia; 4138 (29.7%) bi-polar disorder; and 2162 (15.5%) personality disorder. Those in the most deprived and those in urban areas were more likely to record SMI than their respective least deprived or rural peers (OR=2.38:95%CI=2.39-2.59 and OR=2.04:1.94-2.14). Increasing multimorbidity was associated with increasing SMI diagnosis: after adjustment for age, sex and year of exposure those with 5plus morbid states recorded OR=2.85(2.44-3.33) and OR=3.74(3.26-4.29) for 2012 and 2020 respectively. Finally, in models adjusted for age, sex and multimorbidity, those with SMI were more likely to die than their non-SMI peers: OR=2.09(1.92-2.29) for the 2012 group.
ConclusionPhysical health multimorbidity and mortality increased in SMI compared to the non-SMI diagnosed group. We suggest a range of morbidities associated with SMI can drive excess mortality. This study highlights the importance to examine the extent of underdiagnosis of the causes of mortality in SMI presenting insights into suitable interventions.
AcknowledgementThe authors would like to acknowledge the help provided by the staff of the Honest Broker Service (HBS) within the Business Services Organisation Northern Ireland (BSO). The HBS is funded by BSO and the Department of Health (DoH). The authors alone are responsible for the interpretation of the data and any views or opinions presented are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of the BSO.
A project designed to examine, for the first time, the health records of adult prisoners in Northern Ireland and their linkage to other available health data: the test case of prisoner post-release mortality risk.
Authors: Cooper Janine , O'Reilly Dermot , Kirk Richard , Kelly Trish , Gibbs Rachel , Donnelly Michael 
Published: August 2022

A project designed to examine, for the first time, the health records of adult prisoners in Northern Ireland and their linkage to other available health data: the test case of prisoner post-release mortality risk
ObjectivesThe linkage of routinely collected administrative data for research purposes has the potential to improve knowledge and public benefit. We describe a novel data linkage study between the Northern Ireland (NI) Healthcare in Prisons and Business Services Organisation (BSO). This work is undertaken within the Administrative Data Research Centre-NI (ADRC-NI).
ApproachThis joint project between ADRC-NI Queen’s University Belfast and NI Healthcare in Prisons (South Eastern Health and Social Care Trust) will test linkage of prisoner health records to health data held in the BSO and the potential to generate a population-based cohort for a retrospective analysis of prisoner health (2012-2021) that will attempt to characterise prisoners according to socio-demographic, health and committal factors, compare post-release mortality rates with a reference group from the NI population using indirect standardisation and estimate post-release mortality risk using Cox proportional hazards models.
ResultsUsing novel data-linkages, a dataset will be created to examine the health of prisoners (and former prisoners) in NI. Ethics and governance approvals are in place for this data-linkage. The linkage will be undertaken via the Honest Broker Service (HBS) in NI and the dataset will be accessed in the safe setting at the BSO. The processes involved, experiences including significant delays or difficulties, and recommendations for future data-linkage studies will be discussed. In addition, a key deliverable of this project will be an assessment of access and linkage capabilities of the prisoner health data, with metadata created and made available to future researchers. In addition, we plan to present preliminary results relating to the test research question.
ConclusionWe will describe the processes involved and first-hand research experience in the development of a novel data-linkage project, in addition we will detail access and linkage capabilities in relation to this new dataset to examine health in prisoners (and former prisoners) in NI.