bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Approach to Estimating Glacial Moraine Reserves in the Parlung Tsangpo Basin
Authors: Wang Jiao , Cui Peng , Wang Hao , Zhang Guotao , Zou Qiang , Chen Xiaoqing 
Published: April 2022

The Sichuan–Tibet Railway crosses through the largest maritime glacier region in China. A large number of moraines formed after the rapid glacial retreat caused by climate warming. Moraines could induce frequent geological hazards that seriously threatened the safe construction and operation of the railway. Accordingly, moraines in this maritime glacier region have become a new challenging research topic with respect to the formation of geological hazards. Using remote-sensing image interpretations, field investigations, and dating tests, moraines and their topographic information were systematically obtained. After analyzing the geometrical distribution characteristics of the moraine accumulations, the geometrical characteristics of three typical moraine accumulation forms were generalized into corresponding mathematical models. Consequently, a method to quickly and quantitatively estimate the moraine reserves is proposed. The moraine distribution is primarily affected by the elevation, slope, river–valley morphology, and climate conditions. Old moraines that formed in the Pleistocene epoch (the Guxiang and Baiyu glacial periods) are primarily distributed below 3,500 m above sea level, while most of the new moraines that formed in the Holocene epoch (Neoglaciation and Little Ice Age) are primarily distributed above 4,000 m above sea level. Both the new and old moraines are primarily distributed within a slope range of 10–30°. Furthermore, the main river–valley morphology has a significant impact on the distribution of the old moraines, which are primarily distributed in the Zhongba–Guxiang section of the river valley where the longitudinal slope is relatively gentle. The difference in glaciation is the main reason why the new moraines distributed on the south banks in the study area are different from those on the north banks and why those distributed upstream are different from those distributed downstream. In addition, moraines are the main source of glacial debris flows. According to the presented method, the loose moraine reserves can be accurately calculated by analyzing the position, consolidation, and supply capability of the new and old moraines in each debris flow gully. It is anticipated that the presented results can be used to better understand the formation mechanisms of glacier-related hazards and improve risk assessments.
Assimilation of GNSS and Synoptic Data in a Convection Permitting Limited Area Model: Improvement of Simulated Tropospheric Water Vapor Content
Authors: Wagner Andreas , Fersch Benjamin , Yuan Peng , Rummler Thomas , Kunstmann Harald 
Published: April 2022

The assimilation of observations in limited area models (LAMs) allows to find the best possible estimate of a region’s meteorological state. Water vapor is a crucial constituent in terms of cloud and precipitation formation. Its highly variable nature in space and time is often insufficiently represented in models. This study investigates the improvement of simulated water vapor content within the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) in every season by assimilating temperature, relative humidity, and surface pressure obtained from climate stations, as well as geodetically derived Zenith Total Delay (ZTD) and precipitable water vapor (PWV) data from global navigation satellite system (GNSS) ground stations. In four case studies we analyze the results of high-resolution convection-resolving WRF simulations (2.1 km) between 2016 and 2018 each in every season for a 650 × 670 km domain in the tri-border-area Germany, France and Switzerland. The impact of 3D VAR assimilation of different variables and combinations thereof, background error option, as well as the temporal and spatial resolution of assimilation is evaluated. Both column values and profiles derived from radiosondes are addressed. Best outcome was achieved when assimilating ZTD and synoptic data at an hourly resolution and a spatial thinning distance of 10 km. It is concluded that the careful selection of assimilation options can additionally improve simulation results in every season. Clear effects of assimilation on the water budgets can also be seen.
Quantitative Evaluation of Coseismic Deformations Induced by Seismogenic Faulting in Mining Exploration Area During the 2018 Xingwen and 2019 Changning Earthquakes, Sichuan, China
Authors: Sun Chunwei , Ling Sixiang , Zhao Siyuan , Wen Hong , Wang Sen 
Published: April 2022

In the period between December 2018 and July 2019, a series of earthquakes (EQs), including the 16 December 2018 Ms 5.7 Xingwen mainshock and the 17 June 2019 Ms 6.0 Changning mainshock, struck the Changning shale gas exploration field in the southern margin of the Sichuan Basin. The Xingwen and Changning EQs both occurred on concealed faults, which led to hundreds of casualties, and affected a total of over 160 thousand people in southern Sichuan. The aftershock sequences following the Xingwen and Changning EQs were clustered in the vicinity of the Jianwu syncline and Changning anticline, respectively, and occurred mostly at depths of 3–7 km. In this study, coseismic surface deformation measurements obtained through differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (D-InSAR) data were used to identify the faulting geometries and distributions. The coseismic deformation maps have maximum line-of-sight (LOS) displacements of ∼4.53 cm on the northwest side of the Xingwen EQ source fault and ∼7.84 cm on the southwest side of the Changning EQ source fault. The calculated static Coulomb stress changes indicated that most aftershocks occurred in increasing stress zones following the mainshock ruptures. From the InSAR deformation field, a complicated concealed seismogenic doublet fault was inferred, which predominately exhibited left-lateral strike-slip motion during the Xingwen and Changning EQs. The footwall ramp of the basement fault reactivated first, and resulted in the Xingwen EQ and concentrating stresses beneath the Changning anticline, which induced the Changning EQ half a year later. Compared with previous studies, we proposed that the fault network was lubricated by water that was injected during shale gas exploration, facilitating the occurrence of the Xingwen and Changning EQs. Such work evaluated the coseismic deformations of the Xingwen and Changning EQs, and derived the regional faulting distribution from aftershock sequences. It could provide useful information for monitoring and analyzing seismic activity around the hinge zones of folds in mining exploration areas, which contributes to effective risk assessment of disasters associated with seismic geo-environments.
Reduction of Phosphorus Using Electric Arc Furnace Slag Filters in the Macatawa Watershed (Michigan)
Authors: Steinman Alan D. , Hassett Michael , Oudsema Maggie , Penn Chad J. 
Published: April 2022

Eutrophication is a major problem in lakes and rivers throughout the world. One such system is Lake Macatawa, located in West Michigan, which hydrologically connects to Lake Michigan. Lake Macatawa and its watershed suffer from excess phosphorus and sediment loads. The total maximum daily load for the lake calls for a total phosphorus (TP) reduction of 75%, which would reduce the water column total phosphorus concentration from 125 μg/L to 50 μg/L. Understanding how P moves through this landscape, into Lake Macatawa, and ultimately to Lake Michigan and the St. Lawrence Seaway, is critical to managing and controlling P runoff. A potentially significant source of P to Lake Macatawa occurs through agricultural tile drainage. Various best management practices (BMPs) have been implemented in the Macatawa watershed to reduce P loading, especially surface runoff, but their overall effectiveness has been limited. Electric arc furnace (EAF) slag, a waste product from the steel industry, can chemically bind P and has been used previously in agricultural settings. Three iron slag filters were installed at the end of agricultural tile lines in the Macatawa watershed and evaluated to assess their effectiveness in removing P, while also monitoring for the presence of potentially toxic chemicals leaching from the slag. After 1 year of slag filter performance, both SRP (soluble reactive phosphorus) and TP decreased in the tile drain effluent: percent reductions of soluble reactive phosphorus and TP ranged from 7.4% to 57.3% and 59.5–76.5%, respectively. Absolute concentrations of TP were reduced to between 100 and 329 μg/L, which still exceeds the 50 μg/L goal for Lake Macatawa. Concentrations of toxic metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons compounds, and cyanide all were at levels below drinking water standards. Our preliminary conclusions are that the installation of these filters should be targeted to areas where tile drain effluent P levels are very high (SRP &gt; 250 μg/L) to obtain an optimal cost/benefit ratio. While they are not a panacea, when installed in combination with other BMPs (Best Management Practices), EAF slag filters may play an important localized role in reducing P to Lake Macatawa and farther downstream.
Progress in the Study of Non-Coding RNAs in Multidifferentiation Potential of Dental-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Zeng Biyun , Huang Junhui 
Published: April 2022

For decades, the desire for tissue regeneration has never been quenched. Dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs), with the potential of self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation, have attracted much attention in this topic. Growing evidence suggests that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) can activate various regulatory processes. Even with a slight decrease or increase in expression, ncRNAs can weaken or even subvert cellular fate. Therefore, a systematic interpretation of ncRNAs that guide the differentiation of DMSCs into cells of other tissue types is urgently needed. In this review, we introduce the roles of ncRNAs in the differentiation of DMSCs, such as osteogenic differentiation, odontogenic differentiation, neurogenic differentiation, angiogenic differentiation and myogenic differentiation. Additionally, we illustrate the regulatory mechanisms of ncRNAs in the differentiation of DMSCs, such as epigenetic regulation, transcriptional regulation, mRNA modulation, miRNA sponges and signalling. Finally, we summarize the types and mechanisms of ncRNAs in the differentiation of DMSCs, such as let-7 family, miR-17∼92 family, miR-21, lncRNA H19, lncRNA ANCR, lncRNA MEG3, circRNA CDR1as and CircRNA SIPA1L1. If revealing the intricate relationship between ncRNAs and pluripotency of DMSCs 1 day, the application of DMSCs in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering will be improved. Our work could be an important stepping stone towards this future.
Construction and Validation of a Necroptosis-Related Signature Associated With the Immune Microenvironment in Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Gongjun , Ding Baoning , Sun Libin , Guo Jing , Wang Shasha , Li Wenqian , Zhang Yuqi , Lv Jing , Qiu Wensheng 
Published: April 2022

Background: Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) is a widespread and often deadly neoplasm. There is increasing evidence that necroptosis mediates numerous tumor-associated behaviors, as well as the regulation of the tumor microenvironment, suggesting its use as a biomarker for tumor prognosis.Methods: Data on mRNA expression and necroptosis regulators were acquired from the TCGA and KEGG databases, respectively. Clinical liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) patient data and information on the expression of necroptosis regulators were processed by unsupervised cluster analysis was performed on LIHC patients together with necroptotic regulator expression and, differentially expressed necroptosis-related genes (DENRGs) were identified by comparing the two clusters. A signature based on eight DENRGs was constructed and verified through independent data sets, and its relationship with the tumor microenvironment was investigated.Results: Unsupervised cluster analysis demonstrated inherent immune differences among LIHC patients. In all, 1,516 DENRGs were obtained by comparison between the two clusters. In the training set, the final eight genes obtained by univariate, LASSO, and multivariate Cox regression were utilized for constructing the signature. The survival and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve achieved satisfactory results in both sets. The high-risk group was characterized by greater immune infiltration and poor prognosis. The results of survival analysis based on the expression of eight DENRGs further confirmed the signature.Conclusion: We established and validated a risk signature based on eight DERNGs related to the tumor microenvironment. This provides a possible explanation for the different clinical effects of immunotherapy and provides a novel perspective for predicting tumor prognosis in LIHC.
Simulations to Assess the Performance of Multifactor Risk Scores for Predicting Myopia Prevalence in Children and Adolescents in China
Authors: Wang Hong , Li Liansheng , Wang Wencan , Wang Hao , Zhuang Youyuan , Lu Xiaoyan , Zhang Guosi , Wang Siyu , Lin Peng , Chen Chong , Bai Yu , Chen Qi , Chen Hao , Qu Jia , Xu Liangde 
Published: April 2022

Background: Myopia is the most common visual impairment among Chinese children and adolescents. The purpose of this study is to explore key interventions for myopia prevalence, especially for early-onset myopia and high myopia.Methods: Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to evaluate potential associations between risk factor exposure and myopia. LASSO was performed to prioritize the risk features, and the selected leading factors were used to establish the assembled simulation model. Finally, two forecasting models were constructed to predict the risk of myopia and high myopia.Results: Children and adolescents with persistently incorrect posture had a high risk of myopia (OR 7.205, 95% CI 5.999–8.652), which was 2.8 times higher than that in students who always maintained correct posture. In the cohort with high myopia, sleep time of less than 7 h per day (OR 9.789, 95% CI 6.865–13.958), incorrect sitting posture (OR 8.975, 95% CI 5.339–15.086), and siblings with spherical equivalent &lt;−6.00 D (OR 8.439, 95% CI 5.420–13.142) were the top three risk factors. The AUCs of integrated simulation models for myopia and high myopia were 0.8716 and 0.8191, respectively.Conclusion: The findings illustrate that keeping incorrect posture is the leading risk factor for myopia onset, while the onset age of myopia is the primary factor affecting high myopia progression. The age between 8 and 12 years is the crucial stage for clinical intervention, especially for children with parental myopia.
Construction of lncRNA-Mediated Competing Endogenous RNA Networks Correlated With T2 Asthma
Authors: Wang Zihan , Zhang Jintao , Feng Tao , Zhang Dong , Pan Yun , Liu Xiaofei , Xu Jiawei , Qiao Xinrui , Cui Wenjing , Dong Liang 
Published: April 2022

Background: Precise classification has been reported as a central challenge in the clinical research on diagnosis and prediction of treatment efficacy in asthma. In this study, the aim was to investigate the underlying competing endogenous RNA network mechanism of asthma, especially T2 asthma, as well as to find more diagnostic biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets.Methods: Multiple sets of T2 asthma airway biopsy transcription profiles were collected, which involved long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), mRNA, and microRNA (miRNA). DIANA-LncBase, targetscan, mirwalk, and miRDB databases were employed to predict interactions between lncRNAs, miRNAs and target mRNAs. To identify mRNAs correlated with T2 asthma, differential expression and network analyses were conducted through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Subsequently, the expressions of potential biomarkers were examined through qRT-PCR analysis in the T2 asthma coreinteracting cellular factor (IL-13/IL-33) induced experimental model. Lastly, the ceRNA network was confirmed by plasmid transfection and RNAi experiments in a 16HBE cell line.Results: 30 lncRNAs, 22 miRNAs and 202 mRNAs were differentially expressed in airway biopsies from T2 asthma patients. As indicated by the ROC analysis, the lncRNA, PCAT19, had high diagnostic accuracy (AUC &gt;0.9) in distinguishing T2 asthma patients from non-T2 asthma patients and healthy controls. Furthermore, a competing ceRNA network was established, consisting of 13 lncRNAs, 12 miRNAs, as well as eight mRNAs. The reliability of this network was verified by testing several representative interactions in the network.Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this study has been the first to establish an lncRNA-mediated ceRNA regulatory network for studying T2 asthma. The findings of this study may elucidate the pathogenesis and help find potential therapeutic targets for T2 asthma. In T2 asthma, PCAT19-dominated ceRNA regulation networks may play a critical role, and PCAT19 may serve as a potential immune-related biomarker for asthma and other respiratory diseases correlated with eosinophilic inflammation.
Identification of Selection Signals on the X-Chromosome in East Adriatic Sheep: A New Complementary Approach
Authors: Shihabi Mario , Lukic Boris , Cubric-Curik Vlatka , Brajkovic Vladimir , Oršanić Milan , Ugarković Damir , Vostry Luboš , Curik Ino 
Published: April 2022

Sheep are one of the most important livestock species in Croatia, found mainly in the Mediterranean coastal and mountainous regions along the East Adriatic coast, well adapted to the environment and mostly kept extensively. Our main objective was therefore to map the positive selection of the X-chromosome (18,983 SNPs that passed quality control), since nothing is known about the adaptation genes on this chromosome for any of the breeds from the Balkan cluster. Analyses were performed on a sample of eight native Croatian breeds (101 females and 100 males) representing the East Adriatic metapopulation and on 10 mouflons (five females and males), all sampled in Croatia. Three classical within-population approaches (extreme Runs of Homozygosity islands, integrated Haplotype Score, and number of Segregating Sites by Length) were applied along with our new approach called Haplotype Richness Drop (HRiD), which uses only the information contained in male haplotypes. We have also shown that phylogenetic analyses, such as the Median-joining network, can provide additional information when performed with the selection signals identified by HRiD. Our new approach identifies positive selection signals by searching for genomic regions that exhibit a sudden decline in haplotype richness. In total, we identified 14 positive selection signals, 11 using the classical approach and three using the HRiD approach, all together containing 34 annotated genes. The most reliable selection signal was mapped by all four approaches in the same region, overlapping between 13.17 and 13.60 Mb, and assigned to the CA5B, ZRSR2, AP1S2, and GRPR genes. High repeatability (86%) of results was observed, as 12 identified selection signals were also confirmed in other studies with sheep. HRiD offers an interesting possibility to be used complementary to other approaches or when only males are genotyped, which is often the case in genomic breeding value estimations. These results highlight the importance of the X-chromosome in the adaptive architecture of domestic ruminants, while our novel HRiD approach opens new possibilities for research.
Inhibitors of PD-1 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Clinical and Molecular Features
Authors: Huo Gengwei , Liu Wenjie , Chen Peng 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivePD-1 inhibitors have become an indispensable treatment in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), but the potential predictive value of clinical and molecular features need to be clarified. The objective of the study was to study the potency of PD-1 inhibitors in patients with NSCLC in contexts of both clinical and molecular features, and to aid identification of patients for choice of type of PD-1 inhibitor therapy in order to acquire more accurate NSCLC treatment in immunotherapy.MethodPubMed, Google Scholar, Embase Science Direct, the Cochrane library, and major oncology conferences were searched for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that were published prior to December 2021. RCTs that had PD-1 inhibitor alone or in combination with chemotherapy with non-PD-1 inhibitor for the treatment of NSCLC patients were selected. Two authors independently selected studies, data extraction and bias risk assessment. Basic characteristics of included studies, and also the 95% confidence interval and hazard ratios of the overall patients and subgroups were recorded. The inverse variance weighted method was used to estimate pooled treatment data.ResultA total of eleven RCTs including 5,887 patients were involved. PD-1 inhibitors-based therapy substantially enhanced OS compared with non-PD-1 inhibitor therapy in patients with age group &lt;65 years, 65–74 years, active or previous smokers, without brain metastases, liver metastases, EGFR wild-type patients, individuals in East Asia and U.S./Canada, but not in patients with age group ≥75 years, never smokers, brain metastases, EGFR mutant patients or individuals in Europe. OS was improved in patients with NSCLC who received PD-1 inhibitors regardless of their gender (male or female), histomorphological subtypes (squamous or non-squamous NSCLC), performance status (0 or 1), and PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS) (&lt;1%, ≥1%, 1–49%, or ≥50%). An analysis of subgroups revealed that, patients with age group &lt;65 years old, male, non squamous cell carcinoma, PS 1, TPS ≥1%, and TPS ≥50% benefited from pembrolizumab treatment not related with treatment line and treatment regimen.ConclusionAge group, smoking history, metastasis status/site, EGFR mutation status, and region can be used to predict the potency of PD-1 inhibitors, and to be individualized to choose different types of PD-1 inhibitors, and treatment regimen for NSCLC patients.
Simulation Study on Internal Short Circuits in a Li-Ion Battery Depending on the Sizes, Quantities, and Locations of Li Dendrites
Authors: Kim Suhwan , Song Jihun , Lee Hyobin , Jung Seungwon , Park Joonam , Lee Hongkyung , Lee Yong Min 
Published: April 2022

The internal short circuit caused by the Li dendrite is well known to be a major cause for fire or explosion accidents involving state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, post-mortem analysis cannot identify the most probable cause, which is initially embedded in the cell, because the original structure of the cell totally collapses after the accident. Thus, multiphysics modeling and simulation must be an effective solution to investigate the effect of a specific cause in a variety of conditions. Herein, we reported an electrochemical-thermal model to simulate the internal short circuit depending on Li dendrite’s sizes (1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 μm), quantities (1–9), relative locations (0, 25, 50, 100, and 150 μm), and external temperature (−10, 10, 30, and 50°C). Through monitoring the temperature change affected by the joule and reaction heats for each case, we suggested critical conditions that led to unavoidable thermal runaway. Thus, this model can be a steppingstone in understanding the correlation between internal short circuits and Li dendrites.