bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skin cancer in immunosuppressed patients
Authors: Griffith Cynthia Faires 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
The number of people living with chronic immunosuppression is increasing in the United States. Patients with HIV, those who have had bone marrow or solid organ transplants, and patients taking biologics for autoimmune diseases are at increased risk for skin cancer. Skin cancer in these patients is more aggressive and more likely to metastasize and cause death. Medications and individual risk factors such as sex, age, and ethnicity are independent risk factors for the development of skin cancer. Routine screening and aggressive treatment of actinic keratoses and nonmelanoma skin cancers can reduce patients' skin cancer burden and improve patient outcomes.
Family satisfaction with telemedicine follow-up after pediatric plastic surgery
Authors: Roy Michelle G. , Dinnell Diana E. Guillen , Sequitin Jeromie D. , Davies Lesley W. , Tung Jessica S. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective:
One issue faced at institutions that serve a vast area is patients' ability to travel for perioperative care. Telemedicine is an innovative way of providing care while removing the inconvenience of travel or the hindrance of cost associated with travel. We initiated telemedicine as an option for certain postoperative encounters and assessed patient family satisfaction with this novel approach.

Methods:
Our practice offers telemedicine visits to patients who have had simple surgical procedures, identified by a fixed list of CPT codes. Visits are scheduled 7 to 14 days after surgery. Families completed a satisfaction survey after their encounter.

Results:
A pilot program was initiated from January 2019 to March 2020 using this method of postoperative follow-up. The initial response from families (N = 60) was extremely positive.

Conclusion:
We anticipate the option for telemedicine visits will make postoperative follow-ups more amendable to families, increase adherence rates, and increase access to care.
Sex Differences in Orthostatic Tolerance Are Mainly Explained by Blood Volume and Oxygen Carrying Capacity
Authors: Diaz-Canestro Candela , Pentz Brandon , Sehgal Arshia , Montero David 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVES:
The reduced orthostatic tolerance (OT) that is characteristic of the female sex may be explained by multiple phenotypic differences between sexes. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanistic role of blood volume (BV) and oxygen carrying capacity on sex differences in OT.

DESIGN:
Experimental intervention.

SETTING:
University of Calgary, Main Campus, Calgary, AB, Canada.

SUBJECTS:
Healthy women and men (n = 90) throughout the adult lifespan (20–89 yr) matched by age and physical activity.

INTERVENTIONS:
Incremental lower body negative pressure (LBNP) in all individuals. Blood withdrawal and oxygen carrying capacity reduction in men to match with women’s levels.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Transthoracic echocardiography and central blood pressures were assessed throughout incremental LBNP for 1 hour or until presyncope. Blood uniformization resulted in a precise sex match of BV and oxygen carrying capacity (p ≥ 0.598). A third of women (14/45) and two thirds of men (31/45) prior to blood uniformization completed the orthostatic test without presyncopal symptoms (p-for-sex < 0.001). After blood uniformization, seven out of 45 men completed the test (p-for-sex = 0.081). Left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and stroke volume (SV) were progressively reduced with LBNP in both sexes, with women showing markedly lower volumes than men (p < 0.001). Blood uniformization did not eliminate sex differences in LVEDV and SV.

CONCLUSIONS:
Sex differences in OT are not present when BV and oxygen carrying capacity are experimentally matched between sexes throughout the adult lifespan.
Surgical Dermatology and Private Equity: A Review of the Literature and Discussion
Authors: Fogel Alexander L. , Hogan Sara , Dover Jeffrey 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND
While there has been substantial investment in dermatology by private equity (PE), the relevance of this trend to the dermatologic surgeon has not been assessed.

OBJECTIVE
The literature on PE investment in medicine was reviewed to provide interdisciplinary data relevant to the dermatologic surgeon.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The PubMed database was queried for all peer-reviewed articles containing the term “private equity” and identified 70 unique articles across 18 medical specialties, comprising 20 original research articles and 50 commentary articles.

RESULTS
Significant PE growth across multiple medical specialties occurred in the 2010s. Private equity ownership was associated with higher levels of nonphysician providers relative to physicians. Pooled data suggest that PE ownership is associated with lower staffing levels, particularly for non–revenue-generating staff, as well as potentially lower levels of medical supplies on hand. Data on financial performance suggests that PE-ownership results in higher profits, revenues, and costs. Surveys of physicians demonstrate concern about autonomy, ethics, and career prospects.

CONCLUSION
For the dermatologic surgeon, issues related to consolidation, provider scope of practice, support staff availability, and supply management are important due to the nature of procedural intervention and the increased risk of adverse events.
Isoform-Selective HDAC Inhibitor Mocetinostat (MGCD0103) Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Via Mitochondrial Protection Through the HDACs/CREB/PGC-1α Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wang Kaihao , Tang Ruijie , Wang Siyuan , Xiong Yuyan , Wang Wenyao , Chen Guihao , Zhang Kuo , Li Ping , Tang Yi-Da 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Over the past decade, histone deacetylases (HDACs) has been proven to manipulate development and exacerbation of cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, cardiac hypertrophy, ventricular remodeling, and myocardial fibrosis. Inhibition of HDACs, especially class-I HDACs, is potent to the protection of ischemic myocardium after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Herein, we examine whether mocetinostat (MGCD0103, MOCE), a class-I selective HDAC inhibitor in phase-II clinical trial, shows cardioprotection under I/R in vivo and in vitro, if so, reveal its potential pharmacological mechanism to provide an experimental and theoretical basis for mocetinostat usage in a clinical setting. Human cardiac myocytes (HCMs) were exposed to hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R), with or without mocetinostat treatment. H/R reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and induced HCMs apoptosis. Mocetinostat pretreatment reversed these H/R-induced mitochondrial damage and cellular apoptosis and upregulated CREB, p-CREB, and PGC-1α in HCMs during H/R. Transfection with small interfering RNA against PGC-1α or CREB abolished the protective effects of mocetinostat on cardiomyocytes undergoing H/R. In vivo, mocetinostat was demonstrated to protect myocardial injury posed by myocardial I/R via the activation of CREB and upregulation of PGC-1α. Mocetinostat (MGCD0103) can protect myocardium from I/R injury through mitochondrial protection mediated by CREB/PGC-1α pathway. Therefore, activation of the CREB/PGC-1α signaling pathway via the inhibition of Class-I HDACs may be a promising new therapeutic strategy for alleviating myocardial reperfusion injury.
Mammalian Target of Rapamycin as the Therapeutic Target of Vascular Proliferative Diseases: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Huang Wen-Qian , Zou Yan , Tian Ying , Ma Xiao-Feng , Zhou Qin-Yi , Li Zhen-Yu , Gong Shao-Xin , Wang Ai-Ping 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
The abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a key pathological characteristic of vascular proliferative diseases. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase that plays an important role in regulating cell growth, motility, proliferation, and survival, as well as gene expression in response to hypoxia, growth factors, and nutrients. Increasing evidence shows that mTOR also regulates VSMC proliferation in vascular proliferative diseases and that mTOR inhibitors, such as rapamycin, effectively restrain VSMC proliferation. However, the molecular mechanisms linking mTOR to vascular proliferative diseases remain elusive. In our review, we summarize the key roles of the mTOR and the recent discoveries in vascular proliferative diseases, focusing on the therapeutic potential of mTOR inhibitors to target the mTOR signaling pathway for the treatment of vascular proliferative diseases. In this study, we discuss mTOR inhibitors as promising candidates to prevent VSMC-associated vascular proliferative diseases.
Changes in microRNA Expression Profiles in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Rats Following H3 Relaxin Treatment
Authors: Zhang Xiaohui , Liu Mingming , Yang Kelaier , Chi Jinyu , Chen Wenjia , Shi Zhiyu , Liu Wenxiu , Ma Xiao , Yin Xinhua 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that play an important role in the mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM); however, whether human recombinant relaxin-3 (H3 relaxin) inhibits myocardial injury in DCM rats and the underlying mechanisms involving miRNAs remain unknown. miRNA expression profiles were detected using miRNA microarray and bioinformatics analyses of myocardial tissues from control, DCM, and H3 relaxin–administered DCM groups, and the regulatory mechanisms of the miRNAs were investigated. A total of 5 miRNAs were downregulated in the myocardial tissues of DCM rats and upregulated in H3 relaxin–treated DCM rats, and 1 miRNA (miRNA let-7d-3p) was increased in the myocardial tissue of DCM rats and decreased in H3 relaxin–treated DCM rats as revealed by miRNA microarray and validated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Important signaling pathways were found to be triggered by the differentially expressed miRNAs, including metabolism, cancer, Rap1, PI3K-Akt, and MAPK signaling pathways. The study revealed that H3 relaxin improved glucose uptake in DCM rats, potentially via the regulation of miRNA let-7d-3p.
Consideration Regarding the Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials in the Era of Evidence-based Medicine
Authors: Ennezat Pierre V. , Alavi Zarrin , Le Jemtel Thierry H. , Hansen Morten R. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is the cornerstone of evidence-based medicine, therapeutic guidelines and ultimately daily practice. However, 2 issues contribute to cloud the analysis of RCTs. Industry-sponsored RCTs aim at capturing as large indications as possible and clinicians rely excessively on P value statistical significance for the evaluation of the findings. To be most valuable to practitioners, analysis of RCTs needs to provide absolute risk reduction, number of patients needed to treat, fragility index along with the estimation of lost to follow-up patients, and outcome postponement (gain in survival time). We analyzed few major cardiovascular RCTs and assessed the robustness of their findings. Our suggested analytic parameters may be further used in future systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
How CARE Tools Are Being Used to Address Brain Injury and Mental Health Struggles With Survivors of Domestic Violence
Authors: Kemble Hannah , Sucaldito Ana , Kulow Emily , Ramirez Rachel , Hinton Alice , Glasser Allison , Wermert Amy , Nemeth Julianna M. 
Published: January 2022

Introduction:
CARE (
C
onnect,
A
cknowledge,
R
espond, and
E
valuate) is an advocacy framework developed for domestic violence service organization (DVSO) providers to address and accommodate domestic violence (DV) survivors with brain injury and mental health struggles. The CARE tools were designed for use by advocates and include the Just Breathe booklet, the Head Injury education card, and the Invisible Injuries booklet.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to report findings on how CARE tools are being used by DVSO providers as well as their impact on DVSO advocacy practice.

Methods:
Post-CARE retrospective process evaluation online surveys (n = 60) and focus groups (n = 10 groups; 57 advocates) were conducted with consenting staff at 5 DVSOs in Ohio who partnered with the state coalition to develop and evaluate CARE, overseen by a university research partner. Rigorous, iterative coding qualitative analysis methods, endorsed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, were used (Cohen's κ = 0.903 [stage 1] and 0.810 [stage 2]).

Results:
The use of CARE tools has been integral to DVSO providers' implementation of the CARE advocacy framework. DVSO advocates are using CARE tools to
C
onnect with self, survivors, and other systems; to
A
cknowledge that head trauma and mental health struggles are common among survivors and that ongoing education and self-care are necessary for advocates. Advocates have been able to provide a more holistic
R
esponse through accommodation within DVSOs and referral to other providers, often by using the CARE tools, including the Head Injury education card.

Conclusion:
CARE tools were designed for lay use to address head trauma, strangulation, and mental health struggles with DV survivors and are free for download at the Center on Partner Inflicted Brain Injury website: https://www.odvn.org/brain-injury. More widespread use of these tools by advocates has the potential to improve services for DV survivors and address what have historically been invisible injuries and mental health struggles in the population.
Examining the Association Between Childhood Trauma, Brain Injury, and Neurobehavioral Symptoms Among Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Saadi Altaf , Chibnik Lori , Valera Eve 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
Understanding factors contributing to neurobehavioral symptom burden among intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors has important implications for prevention, screening, and intervention in this vulnerable population. This study aimed to (1) identify the relationship between childhood trauma and neurobehavioral symptoms among a shelter- and community-based sample of IPV survivors, including investigating the mediating role of posttraumatic stress symptoms and alexithymia in this relationship; (2) assess the association between IPV-related brain injury (BI) severity and neurobehavioral symptoms; and (3) assesses whether physical, emotional, or cognitive domains of neurobehavioral symptom burden show differential associations with childhood trauma or IPV-related BI.

Setting:
Community sites serving women who had experienced IPV such as domestic violence shelters and transitional housing sites.

Participants:
Women survivors of IPV with and without BI (n = 99), aged 18 to 54 years.

Design:
Retrospective, cross-sectional study design.

Measures:
The following self-reported questionnaires were used: Rivermead Post Concussion Questionnaire (RPQ); Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ); a modified version of the Conflict Tactics Scale; Brain Injury Severity Assessment (BISA); Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM IV; and Toronto Alexithymia Scale. The final multivariate regression model assessed the association between childhood abuse, BI severity, and neurobehavioral symptoms (as measured by the RPQ) adjusting for age, educational attainment, and abuse in the past year. We created separate models with total neurobehavioral symptom score as an outcome, as well as somatic, emotional, and cognitive symptom scores. We used structural equation modeling to assess whether posttraumatic stress and alexithymia mediated the effect of childhood trauma and neurobehavioral symptoms.

Results:
Childhood trauma was associated with higher levels (P < .01) of overall neurobehavioral symptom burden in women independent of BI and specifically associated with RPQ Emotional and Somatic subscale symptoms (P ≤ .05). BI was positively associated with somatic symptoms in the full sample and cognitive neurobehavioral symptoms in the sample of women with IPV-related BI (P < .05) independent of childhood trauma. Posttraumatic stress symptoms, but not alexithymia, partially mediated the effect of childhood trauma effect on neurobehavioral symptoms.

Conclusion:
Childhood trauma and BI should not be overlooked as part of efforts to meet the needs of IPV survivors who may experience a range of emotional, somatic, and cognitive symptoms.
Strangulation as an Acquired Brain Injury in Intimate–Partner Violence and Its Relationship to Cognitive and Psychological Functioning: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Valera Eve M. , Daugherty Julia C. , Scott Olivia C. , Berenbaum Howard 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
The aim of this work was to examine the relationship between strangulation-related alterations in consciousness (AIC) and cognitive and psychological outcomes in women who have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV).

Setting:
Participants were recruited from a variety of settings, including women's shelters and support programs.

Participants:
A total of 99 women were enrolled in the study. After applying exclusion criteria for factors that could mask or confound the effects of strangulation, 52 women remained for analyses.

Design:
Cross-sectional, retrospective.

Main Measures:
We used several cognitive measures to assess learning, long-term and working memory, visuomotor speed, cognitive flexibility, and nonverbal cognitive fluency as well as several psychological measures to assess posttraumatic stress symptomatology, general distress, worry, anhedonic depression, and anxious arousal. We also used the Brain Injury Severity Assessment interview to examine the association between strangulation-related AICs and these measures of cognitive and psychological functioning.

Results:
Women who had experienced strangulation-related AICs performed more poorly on a test of long-term memory (P < .03) and had higher levels of depression (P < .03) and posttraumatic stress symptomatology (P < .02) than women who had not experienced strangulation-related AIC. When controlling for potential confounding variables, including number of IPV-related traumatic brain injuries, women who had experienced strangulation also performed more poorly on a measure of working memory.

Conclusion:
This is the first report to assess strangulation in this manner and demonstrate links to cognitive and psychological functioning. These preliminary data contribute to our knowledge of strangulation and its effects on women who have experienced IPV.
SEVERE RETINAL ISCHEMIA IN INFANT WITH NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE 1
Authors: Rali Aditya S. , Bavinger J. Clay , Rao Prethy , Hubbard G. Baker 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
To report a case of severe retinal ischemia in an infant with neurofibromatosis type 1.

Methods:
Chart review, analysis of imaging studies, and review of literature.

Results:
A boy born at 37 weeks postmenstrual age with neurofibromatosis type 1 was noted to have a large plexiform neurofibroma with left-sided involvement of the cavernous sinus, internal carotid artery, orbit, and optic nerve. He was managed for left eye glaucoma with anti-hypertensive eye drops, and at 8 months of age, he was referred for retinal evaluation. Fluorescein angiography showed striking nonperfusion of the left retina with only a small area of perfused vessels in the posterior pole. A large frond of neovascularization extended anteriorly from the posterior pole. The right eye had a crescent of retinal nonperfusion in the far periphery but otherwise normal retinal vessels.

Conclusion:
This case demonstrates a severe form of retinal ischemia in the setting of a large neurofibroma because of neurofibromatosis type 1. We hypothesize that vascular compression from the tumor led to disruption of the neurovascular bundle with resultant severe nonperfusion, neovascularization, and retinal maldevelopment.
ACUTE MACULAR NEURORETINOPATHY FOLLOWING SARS-CoV-2 VACCINATION
Authors: Afonso Miguel Gonçalves , Marques João Heitor , Monteiro Sérgio , Lume Miguel , Abreu Ana Carolina , Maia Sofia 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
To report a case of acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
An otherwise healthy 28-year-old white woman presented to an ophthalmology department with complaints of black paracentral vision scotomata on both eyes that appeared 2 days after receiving the first dose of Vaxzevria vaccine. Fundus examination revealed bilateral red brown petaloid lesions around the fovea. On spectral domain optical coherence tomography, a hyperreflective plaque between the outer plexiform and outer nuclear layers along with disruption of ellipsoid zone/interdigitation zone was observed. A diagnosis of AMN was made.

Conclusion:
AMN may be an extremely rare adverse event of SARS-COV-2 vaccination, especially in patients with other risk factors.

Synopsis:
An otherwise healthy 28-year-old white woman was diagnosed with AMN 2 days after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
Disseminated Juvenile Xanthogranuloma: A Case Report
Authors: Saher Najam Us , Qadri Palvisha , Naseem Zehra 
Published: January 2022

Introduction:
Histiocytoses are localized or systemic diseases that can broadly be classified into Langerhans cell histiocytosis and non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Juvenile Xanthogranuloma (JXG) belongs to the latter group, which occurs in around 0.5% population younger than 5 years, and presents as solitary or multiple lesions.
Here, we present a case of disseminated JXG in an infant with the lesions regressing spontaneously.

Case presentation:
A 7-month-old boy presented with multiple erythematous nodular lesions over the body excluding limbs for 3 months. Initial laboratory work up was normal. Skin histopathology showed a dermal nodule with sheets of histiocytes exhibiting grooved vesicular nuclei and pale eosinophilic cytoplasm along with touton giant cells. Immunohistochemistry markers further confirmed the diagnosis. Lesions healed completely with symptomatic relief in 1.5 years and no recurrence occurred.

Discussion:
Disseminated JXG is a benign childhood disorder that can sometimes be associated with internal organs involvement mainly bones, eyes, and brain. Serious complications may follow in case of extracutaneous spread. Most frequently, JXG follows the occurrence of another neoplastic disorder but can sometimes appear de novo. Skin biopsy is required for the diagnosis and better education of the family.

Conclusion:
JXG in infancy is a rarity in South Asia. Therefore, along with the clinical judgment, clinicians must also get histological confirmation in order to manage this disorder successfully. Close surveillance for multiorgan involvement is also required to avoid any irreversible sequalae.
Diagnosing a Diffuse Blistering Rash
Authors: Nelson Jacob , Mengden Koon Stephanie , Fett Nicole 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Blistering dermatoses can be difficult to clinically differentiate. Often extremely unpleasant for patients and potentially life threatening, a prompt and correct diagnosis is paramount. This photo quiz contains information that will aid readers in differentiating various blistering dermatoses.