bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An integrated CCU-plant scheme and assessment for conversion of captured CO2 into methanol
Authors: Yang Ning , Kang Fu , Liu Zhenyu , Ge Xinzhe , Zhou Yunlong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this work is to highlight the interest of CO2 conversion into MeOH through a complete assessment of the entire CO2-to-MeOH chain. A CO2 capture unit using MEA solvent is considered to treat the CO2 from a 600-MW power plant, and the captured CO2 is then sent to the CO2 conversion unit. As a result, the combination of the two units leads to the integrated CO2 capture and utilization (CCU) plant, in particular involving the reuse of the heat from the high-temperature flows of the exothermal CO2 conversion reactions for regeneration of the CO2 capture solvent, and the recovered H2O between the CO2 capture and conversion units is also proposed to completely fulfill the H2O make-up. The technological results suggest that the integrated CCU plant is expected to offer advantages. The integrated CCU plant studied can utilize ~17.3% of the CO2 emissions of a power plant and convert 92% of them to 59.96 t of MeOH, and the heat integration corresponds to a 41.84% reduction in total reboiler load for the regeneration of MEA solvent. An economic assessment is proposed to estimate the OPEX and CAPEX costs, as well as the net present value, which confirms that the feasible economic conditions strongly depends on electricity costs. The contribution of the process or flows from CCU plant to the main environmental impacts is finally determined using the LCA method. The integrations inside the CCU plant offer a significant reduction in impact categories and CO2 emission as well as non-CO2 emission impacts when compared to the conventional MeOH production process.
Ecopump: a novel thermoelectric heat pump/heat recovery ventilator system for domestic building applications
Authors: Xu Qi , Zhang Shihao , Riffat Saffa 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In recent years, there has been a risen interest in heat recovery systems for building applications due to concerns about the energy crisis and global climate change. In this paper, the intention to understand the performance of a window thermoelectric heat pump/heat recovery system (Ecopump) for heating has been developed. An overview to the prototype design, heat transfer model, experimental parameters and environmental feasibility is discussed. The variation of MATLAB modelling results followed the same regularity as the experimental results. The MATLAB model along with Revit has been used to simulate the Ecopump’s performance when installed in a sustainable house in the UK. From the calculation, Ecopump can provide 670 kWh heating energy and reduce 90.6 kg CO2 emissions per year. The proposed Ecopump system combined with window frame could be a promising technology to enhance space heating for domestic buildings while reducing energy consumption during daily ventilation. Further in situ experiments should be conducted to explore its comprehensive performance in the future.
What might COVID-19 patients experience after recovery? A comprehensive review
Authors: Elhiny Rehab , Al-Jumaili Ali Azeez , Yawuz Mohammed Jamal 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The objective of this review was to describe the COVID-19 complications after recovery.

Methods
The researchers systematically reviewed studies that reported post-COVID-19 complications from three databases: PubMed, Google Scholar and the World Health Organization (WHO) COVID-19 database. The search was conducted between 21 November 2020 and 14 January 2021. Inclusion criteria were articles written in English, with primary data, reporting complications of COVID-19 after full recovery. The review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 statement.

Key findings
This review included 69 studies with 146 725 patients from 22 countries related to post-COVID-19 complications. Thirty-six studies reported post-cure respiratory complications, ranging from dyspnoea to residual pulmonary fibrosis. Cardiac symptoms were reported in nine studies, including palpitation, chest pain and diastolic dysfunction. Neurological complications included post-traumatic stress syndrome, anxiety, depression, memory issues, insomnia and sleeping disturbance, cognitive impairments and stigma. Gastrointestinal symptoms included nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and acute liver injury. The physical decline was the most common symptom reported in the musculoskeletal complications.

Conclusion
COVID-19 may cause several types of complications after recovery (testing negative PCR). The identified complications include respiratory, neurological/mental, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, musculoskeletal and miscellaneous complications. However, the key impairments were pulmonary consequences, psychological problems and exercise intolerance. Thus, COVID-19 patients may need long-term follow-up.
Zero-order hold discretization of general state space systems with input delay
Authors: Pechlivanidou Georgia , Karampetakis Nicholas 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Plethora of applications in physics and engineering are dealing with systems that are subject to input delays. Despite the scientific focus, previous research investigated only state space systems with input delays. Here, we investigate the discretization of generalized state space system with input delay by using the zero-order hold method. Firstly, the solution of a continuous time, generalized state space system with input delay is addressed. By applying the appropriate zero-order hold sampling method, we transform a continuous time linear system into the equivalent discrete time system, while the discrete time solution of the equivalent system is analytically presented. Finally, we use local error metric to estimate the difference between the continuous time and discrete time solutions.
Log-Canonical Coordinates for Symplectic Groupoid and Cluster Algebras
Authors: Chekhov Leonid O , Shapiro Michael 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Using Fock–Goncharov higher Teichmüller space variables we derive log-canonical coordinate representation for entries of general symplectic leaves of the $\mathcal A_n$ groupoid of upper-triangular matrices and, in a more general setting, of higher-dimensional symplectic leaves for algebras governed by the reflection equation with the trigonometric $R$-matrix. The obtained results are in a perfect agreement with the previously obtained Poisson and quantum representations of groupoid variables for $\mathcal A_3$ and $\mathcal A_4$ in terms of geodesic functions for Riemann surfaces with holes. We realize braid-group transformations for $\mathcal A_n$ via sequences of cluster mutations in the special $\mathcal A_n$-quiver. We prove the groupoid relations for normalized quantum transport matrices and, as a byproduct, obtain the Goldman bracket in the semiclassical limit. We prove the quantum algebraic relations of transport matrices for arbitrary (cyclic or acyclic) directed planar network.Dedicated to the memory of a great mathematician and person, Boris Dubrovin.
Combinatorial Invariance Conjecture for $\widetilde {A}_2$
Authors: Burrull Gaston , Libedinsky Nicolas , Plaza David 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The combinatorial invariance conjecture (due independently to Lusztig and Dyer) predicts that if $[x,y]$ and $[x^{\prime},y^{\prime}]$ are isomorphic Bruhat posets (of possibly different Coxeter systems), then the corresponding Kazhdan–Lusztig polynomials are equal, that is, $P_{x,y}(q)=P_{x^{\prime},y^{\prime}}(q)$. We prove this conjecture for the affine Weyl group of type $\widetilde {A}_2$. This is the first infinite group with non-trivial Kazhdan–Lusztig polynomials where the conjecture is proved.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Is the Leading Cause of United States Infant Hospitalizations, 2009–2019: A Study of the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample
Authors: Suh Mina , Movva Naimisha , Jiang Xiaohui , Bylsma Lauren C , Reichert Heidi , Fryzek Jon P , Nelson Christopher B 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
This study describes leading causes of hospitalization, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), in United States infants (&lt;1 year) from 2009 through 2019.

Methods
Within the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample (NIS) data, hospitalizations were determined by primary diagnosis using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth or Tenth Revision codes. RSV was defined as 079.6, 466.11, 480.1, B97.4, J12.1, J20.5, or J21.0. Bronchiolitis was defined as 466.19, J21.8, or J21.9. Leading causes overall and by sociodemographic variables were identified. The Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID) was used for confirmatory analyses.

Results
Acute bronchiolitis due to RSV (code 466.11 or J21.0) was the leading primary diagnosis, accounting for 9.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.4%–9.9%) and 9.3% (95% CI, 9.0%–9.6%) of total infant hospitalizations from January 2009 through September 2015 and October 2015 through December 2019, respectively; it was the leading primary diagnosis in every year accounting for &gt;10% of total infant hospitalizations from December through March, reaching &gt;15% in January–February. From 2009 through 2011, acute bronchiolitis due to RSV was the leading primary diagnosis in every birth month. Acute bronchiolitis due to RSV was the leading cause among all races/ethnicities, except Asian/Pacific Islanders, and all insurance payer groups. KID analyses confirmed these results.

Conclusions
Acute bronchiolitis due to RSV is the leading cause of US infant hospitalizations.
Male Circumcision and Genital Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection in Males and Their Female Sexual Partners: Findings From the HPV Infection and Transmission Among Couples Through Heterosexual Activity (HITCH) Cohort Study
Authors: Shapiro Samantha B , Wissing Michel D , Khosrow-Khavar Farzin , El-Zein Mariam , Burchell Ann N , Tellier Pierre Paul , Coutlée François , Franco Eduardo L 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Previous studies examining the association between male circumcision (MC) and human papillomavirus (HPV) infections have reported inconsistent results. We used data from the HPV Infection and Transmission Among Couples Through Heterosexual Activity (HITCH) cohort study to examine the association between MC and HPV infections in males and their female sexual partners.

Methods
We enrolled monogamous couples in a longitudinal study between 2005 and 2011 in Montreal, Canada. We used logistic and Poisson regression models with propensity score adjustment to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and rate ratios for the association between MC and the prevalence, transmission, and clearance of HPV infections.

Results
Four hundred thirteen couples were included in our study. The prevalence OR for the association between MC and baseline infections was 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI], .56–1.16) in males and 1.05 (95% CI, .75–1.46) in females. The incidence rate ratio for infection transmission was 0.59 (95% CI, .16–2.20) for male-to-female transmission and 0.77 (95% CI, .37–1.60) for female-to-male transmission. The clearance rate ratio for clearance of infections was 0.81 (95% CI, .52–1.24).

Conclusions
We found little evidence of an association between MC and HPV infection prevalence, transmission, or clearance in males and females. Further longitudinal couple-based studies are required to investigate this association.
A conserved cellular mechanism for cotton fibre diameter and length control
Authors: Yanagisawa Makato , Keynia Sedighe , Belteton Samuel , Turner Joseph A , Szymanski Daniel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Highly polarized cotton fibre cells that develop from the seed coat surface are the foundation of a multi-billion-dollar international textile industry. The unicellular trichoblast emerges as a hemispherical bulge that is efficiently converted to a narrower and elongated shape that extends for about 2 weeks before transitioning into a cellulose-generating machine. The polarized elongation phase employs an evolutionarily conserved microtubule-cellulose synthase control module that patterns the cell wall and enables highly anisotropic diffuse growth. As the multi-scale interactions and feedback controls among cytoskeletal systems, morphologically potent cell wall properties, and a changing cell geometry are uncovered, opportunities emerge to engineer architectural traits. However, in cotton, such efforts are hampered by insufficient knowledge about the underlying control mechanisms. For example, fibre diameter is an important trait that is determined during the earliest stages of development, but the basic growth mode and the mechanisms by which cytoskeletal and cell wall systems mediate fibre tapering are not known. This paper combines multiparametric and multiscale fibre phenotyping and finite element computational modelling of a growing cell to discover an evolutionarily conserved tapering mechanism. The actin network interconverts between two distinct longitudinal organizations that broadly distributes organelles and likely enables matrix secretion patterns that maintain cell wall thickness during growth. Based on plausible finite element models and quantitative analyses of the microtubule cytoskeleton, tapering and anisotropic growth is programmed by a constricting apical microtubule depletion zone and highly aligned microtubules along the fibre shaft. The finite element model points to a central role for tensile forces in the cell wall to dictate the densities and orientations of morphologically potent microtubules that pattern the cell wall.
Risk factors for acute diarrhoea in children between 0 and 23 months of age in a peri-urban district of Pakistan: a matched case–control study
Authors: Sadiq Kamran , Mir Fatima , Jiwani Uswa , Chanar Suhail , Nathwani Apsara , Jawwad Muhammad , Hussain Amjad , Rizvi Arjumand , Muhammad Shah , Habib Muhammad Atif , Soofi Sajid Bashir , Ariff Shabina , Bhutta Zulfiqar A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Diarrhoea is a leading cause of preventable childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. Unfortunately, Pakistan has the third-highest burden of diarrhoea-related deaths in children &lt;5 y of age. Therefore we aimed to evaluate factors associated with diarrhoea among Pakistani children.

Methods
A retrospective 1:2 matched case–control study nested in a baseline cross-sectional survey was conducted from October to December 2018 in Taluka Kotri, a two-thirds urban locality in the Jamshoro district. Children between the ages of 0 and 23 months with a history of diarrhoea in the 2 weeks preceding the survey were labelled as cases. Age-matched controls were children without symptoms of diarrhoea. Univariate and multivariable conditional logistic regression was performed to identify diarrhoea-related factors.

Results
A total of 1558 cases were matched with 3116 controls. Factors significantly associated with lower odds of diarrhoea in the multivariate analysis included increasing maternal age (odds ratio [OR] 0.78 [95% confidence interval {CI} 0.67 to 0.90]), breastfeeding (OR 0.77 [95% CI 0.66 to 0.90]), higher paternal education (OR 0.79 [95% CI 0.65 to 0.97]) and belonging to the rich (OR 0.66 [95% CI 0.54 to 0.80]) and richest quintiles (OR 0.54 [95% CI 0.44 to 0.66]).

Conclusions
This study identifies risk factors associated with diarrhoea in children &lt;23 months of age, including younger maternal age, higher paternal education, not breastfeeding and poverty, which has implications for developing preventive programs and strategies that target populations with a higher risk of diarrhoea.
Rebooting effective clinical supervision practices to support healthcare workers through and following the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Martin Priya , Kumar Saravana , Tian Esther , Argus Geoff , Kondalsamy-Chennakesavan Srinivas , Lizarondo Lucylynn , Gurney Tiana , Snowdon David 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The importance of clinical supervision, a professional support and clinical governance mechanism, to patients, healthcare workers and organizations has been well documented. Clinical supervision has been shown to support healthcare workers during challenging times, by reducing burnout, enhancing mental health and wellbeing at work, and improving job satisfaction. However, clinical supervision participation and effectiveness are pre-requisites for realising these benefits. During times of stress and increased workloads (e.g. during the Coronavirus pandemic), healthcare workers tend to prioritise clinical duties and responsibilities over clinical supervision. Effective supervision practices can be restored, and healthcare workers can be better supported in their roles during and in the post-pandemic period only if healthcare workers, policy makers, healthcare organizations, clinical supervision trainers and researchers join forces. This paper sheds light on this important topic and offers a number of practical recommendations to reboot effective clinical supervision practices at the point of care.
Penicillin G concentrations required for prophylaxis against Group A Streptococcus infection evaluated using a hollow fibre model and mathematical modelling
Authors: Tait Jessica R , Barnett Timothy C , Rogers Kate E , Lee Wee Leng , Page-Sharp Madhu , Manning Laurens , Boyd Ben J , Carapetis Jonathan R , Nation Roger L , Landersdorfer Cornelia B 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Acute rheumatic fever (ARF), an autoimmune reaction to Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes; Strep A) infection, can cause rheumatic heart disease (RHD). New formulations of long-acting penicillins are being developed for secondary prophylaxis of ARF and RHD.

Objectives
To evaluate the penicillin G concentrations required to suppress growth of Strep A.

Methods
Broth microdilution MIC and MBC for Strep A strains M75611024, M1T15448 and M18MGAS8232 were determined. All strains were studied in a hollow fibre model (initial inoculum 4 log10 cfu/mL). Constant penicillin G concentrations of 0.008, 0.016 and 0.05 mg/L were examined against all strains, plus 0.012 mg/L against M18MGAS8232. Viable counts were determined over 144 h. Subsequently, all penicillin G-treated cartridges were emptied, reinoculated with 5 log10 cfu/mL and counts determined over a further 144 h. Mathematical modelling was performed.

Results
MIC and MBC were 0.008 mg/L for all strains; small subpopulations of M75611024 and M1T15448, but not M18MGAS8232, grew at 1× MIC. Following the first inoculation, 0.008 mg/L achieved limited killing and/or stasis against M75611024 and M1T15448, with subsequent growth to ∼6 log10 cfu/mL. Following both inocula, concentrations ≥0.016 mg/L suppressed M75611024 and M1T15448 to &lt;1 log10 cfu/mL from 6 h onwards with eradication. Concentrations ≥0.008 mg/L suppressed M18MGAS8232 to &lt;1 log10 cfu/mL from 24 h onwards with eradication after both inoculations. Mathematical modelling well described all strains using a single set of parameter estimates, except for different maximum bacterial concentrations and proportions of bacteria growing at 1× MIC.

Conclusions
In the absence of validated animal and human challenge models, the study provides guidance on penicillin G target concentrations for development of new penicillin formulations.
Frequency of azole resistance in clinical and environmental strains of Aspergillus fumigatus in Turkey: a multicentre study
Authors: Ener Beyza , Ergin Çağrı , Gülmez Dolunay , Ağca Harun , Tikveşli Melek , Aksoy Seçil Ak , Otkun Müşerref , Siğ Ali Korhan , Öğünç Dilara , Özhak Betil , Topaç Tuncay , Özdemir Aslı , Metin Dilek Yeşim , Polat Süleyha Hilmioğlu , Öz Yasemin , Koç Nedret , Atalay Mustafa Altay , Erturan Zayre , Birinci Asuman , Çerikçioğlu Nilgün , Timur Demet , Ekşi Fahriye , Genç Gonca Erköse , Findik Duygu , Gürcan Şaban , Kalkanci Ayşe , Arikan-Akdagli Sevtap 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Aspergillus fumigatus causes several diseases in humans and azole resistance in A. fumigatus strains is an important issue. The aim of this multicentre epidemiological study was to investigate the prevalence of azole resistance in clinical and environmental A. fumigatus isolates in Turkey.

Methods
Twenty-one centres participated in this study from 1 May 2018 to 1 October 2019. One participant from each centre was asked to collect environmental and clinical A. fumigatus isolates. Azole resistance was screened for using EUCAST agar screening methodology (EUCAST E.DEF 10.1) and was confirmed by the EUCAST E.DEF 9.3 reference microdilution method. Isolates with a phenotypic resistance pattern were sequenced for the cyp51A gene and microsatellite genotyping was used to determine the genetic relationships between the resistant strains.

Results
In total, resistance was found in 1.3% of the strains that were isolated from environmental samples and 3.3% of the strains that were isolated from clinical samples. Mutations in the cyp51A gene were detected in 9 (47.4%) of the 19 azole-resistant isolates, all of which were found to be TR34/L98H mutations. Microsatellite genotyping clearly differentiated the strains with the TR34/L98H mutation in the cyp51A gene from the strains with no mutation in this gene.

Conclusions
The rate of observed azole resistance of A. fumigatus isolates was low in this study, but the fact that more than half of the examined strains had the wild-type cyp51A gene supports the idea that other mechanisms of resistance are gradually increasing.
Population pharmacokinetics of ethambutol in African children: a pooled analysis
Authors: Tikiso Tjokosela , McIlleron Helen , Abdelwahab Mahmoud Tareq , Bekker Adrie , Hesseling Anneke , Chabala Chishala , Davies Geraint , Zar Heather J , Rabie Helena , Andrieux-Meyer Isabelle , Lee Janice , Wiesner Lubbe , Cotton Mark F , Denti Paolo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Ethambutol protects against the development of resistance to co-administered drugs in the intensive phase of first-line anti-TB treatment in children. It is especially relevant in settings with a high prevalence of HIV or isoniazid resistance. We describe the population pharmacokinetics of ethambutol in children with TB to guide dosing in this population.

Methods
We pooled data from 188 intensively sampled children from the DATiC, DNDi and SHINE studies, who received 15–25 mg/kg ethambutol daily according to WHO guidelines. The median (range) age and weight of the cohort were 1.9 (0.3–12.6) years and 9.6 (3.9–34.5) kg, respectively. Children with HIV (HIV+; n = 103) received ART (lopinavir/ritonavir in 92%).

Results
Ethambutol pharmacokinetics were best described by a two-compartment model with first-order elimination and absorption transit compartments. Clearance was estimated to reach 50% of its mature value by 2 months after birth and 99% by 3 years. Typical steady-state apparent clearance in a 10 kg child was 15.9 L/h. In HIV+ children on lopinavir/ritonavir, bioavailability was reduced by 32% [median (IQR) steady-state Cmax = 0.882 (0.669–1.28) versus 1.66 (1.21–2.15) mg/L). In young children, bioavailability correlated with age. At birth, bioavailability was 73.1% of that in children 3.16 years or older.

Conclusions
To obtain exposure within the 2–6 mg/L recommended range for Cmax, the current doses must be doubled (or tripled with HIV+ children on lopinavir/ritonavir) for paediatric patients. This raises concerns regarding the potential for ocular toxicity, which would require evaluation.