bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Embolization of Large and Giant Posterior Fossa Hemangioblastomas: The Experience of a Single Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Bauman Megan M.J. , Bouchal Samantha M. , Kerezoudis Panagiotis , Cloft Harry , Brinjikji Waleed , Peris Celda Maria , Link Michael J. , Parney Ian F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background Hemangioblastomas pose an inherent surgical risk due to the potential for high intraoperative blood loss, especially in larger tumors. One approach to minimize this risk is to use preoperative embolization. Herein, we present our institutional experience treating large and giant cerebellar hemangioblastomas.
Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of 19 patients with cerebellar hemangioblastomas that had a maximal diameter of >3 cm. We performed a literature review and included individual patient-level data that met our >3 cm diameter cerebellar hemangioblastoma inclusion criteria.
Results Our cohort consisted of 19 patients that received a total of 20 resections for their cerebellar hemangioblastomas. Preoperative embolization was utilized in eight cases (38.1%). One patient experienced transient neurological complications after embolization (12.5%). Tumors of patients in the embolization group had larger median total, solid, and cystic volumes and were more likely to involve the cerebellopontine angle than those in the non-embolized group. Compared with non-embolized patients, embolized patients had less decrease in their hemoglobin, lower volumes of estimated blood loss, reduced rates of postoperative complications and permanent deficits, and greater instances of neurological improvement. The larger cohort (obtained from the combining our cohort with patients identified during a literature review) consisted of 99 patients with 39 receiving preoperative embolization.
Conclusion It is important to examine individual patient characteristics when determining eligibility for preoperative embolization. However, improvements in endovascular techniques have made preoperative embolization a safe and effective procedure with minimal risks that can be performed in many patients.
Effects of Labor Analgesia on Pelvic Floor Function at 6 to 8 Weeks after Delivery: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lv Aiming , Li Min , Li Junfeng , Gai Tianzi , Feng Qing , Deng Wenhui , Wang Shaowei 
Published: September 2022

Objective The aim of the study is to determine whether the use of labor analgesia had a higher risk of pelvic floor functional problems after delivery.
Study Design All primiparas who delivered at our hospital between June 2019 and May 2020 were enrolled in the study. They were divided into two groups according to their choices: delivery with labor analgesia (analgesia group, n = 76), and delivery without labor analgesia (nonanalgesia group, n = 78). The primary outcome of the study was to test the pelvic floor function by electromyography (EMG) at postpartum 6 to 8 weeks. Participants also completed questionnaires including Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20), International Consultation on Incontinent Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF), and Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS) at postpartum 6 to 8 weeks.
Results Primiparas in the analgesia group experienced longer first and second stages of labor (p< 0.05), and had significantly higher PFDI-20 scores at postpartum 6 to 8 weeks (p< 0.05). But the differences in ICIQ-SF, OABSS scores, and Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) system between the two groups were not significant (p > 0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in class II and class I muscles, scores of pretest resting baseline, and posttest resting baseline between primiparas with or without labor analgesia (p > 0.05).
Conclusion Our results strongly confirmed that labor analgesia did not increase the risk of pelvic floor dysfunction up to 6 to 8 weeks after delivery, although symptom burden might be increased after labor analgesia.
Key Points
Impact of Social Media on Applicant Perspectives of Ophthalmology Residency Programs
Authors: Shah Sanket S. , Veligandla Sravya , Compton Christopher , Al-khersan Hasenin , Sridhar Jayanth 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose This article evaluates the relevance of social media to ophthalmology residency applicants in the setting of virtual interviews, the types of information sought by applicants, and the impact of rebranding of an institutional and departmental social media account.
Design Cross-sectional survey.
Participants Ophthalmology residency applicants from the 2020 to 2021 cycle.
Methods A voluntary survey was emailed to 481 applicants to the University of Louisville Department of Ophthalmology residency during the 2020 to 2021 application cycle to gauge the impact of social media on their perspectives of residency programs, especially with regards to a new departmental social media account.
Main Outcome Measures Applicants' use of social media platforms and specific components of departmental social media accounts found most useful.
Results The 13-question survey was completed by 84/481 applicants (17.5% response rate). Social media was used by 93% of respondents. Of those respondents reporting social media use, the most common platforms utilized included Instagram (85%), Facebook (83%), Twitter (41%), and LinkedIn (29%). Sixty-nine percent of respondents specifically used Instagram to learn more about residency programs. With regards to the rebranded Instagram account at the University of Louisville, 58% of respondents reported being influenced, with all asserting that the account positively encouraged them to apply to the program. The most informative elements of the account related to current resident profiles, resident life, and living in Louisville.
Conclusion A majority of responding ophthalmology residency applicants utilized social media to search for program information. A newly developed social media profile at a single institution positively influenced applicant impressions of the program, with the most importance assigned to information provided about current residents and typical resident life. These findings suggest key areas where programs should continue to dedicate online resources with targeted information to better recruit applicants.
Serum Vitamins A, D, and Zinc Levels in Children with Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children
Authors: Yilmaz Aslı İmran , Ünal Gökçen , Keleş Sevgi , Pekcan Sevgi , Kiliç Ahmet Osman , Akcan Özge Metin , Erdoğan Kubra Nur , Özdemir Hüseyin Safa , Kilinç Ibrahim , Özdemir Mehmet 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective Vitamin D, due to its immunomodulating effect, zinc, and vitamin A, which affect cellular and humoral immunity, are thought to affect the clinical severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. The present study evaluates the association between vitamin A, D, and zinc deficiencies and disease severity in pediatric patients with COVID-19 infections.
Methods The levels of vitamin A, D, and zinc at the time of diagnosis of 123 pediatric patients who presented to our hospital and were diagnosed as having hospitalized, nonhospitalized COVID-19 infection group, and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) were evaluated. The correlations of the measured levels with the disease severity and the need for intensive care or hospitalization were analyzed.
Results Among the 123 patients, 21.1% (n = 26), 42.2% (n = 52), and 36.7% (n = 45) had a diagnosis of MIS-C, belonged to the hospitalized COVID-19 infection group, or belonged to the nonhospitalized COVID-19 infection group, respectively. Zinc levels were significantly lower in the MIS-C group than in the nonhospitalized group (p < 0.05). Vitamin A levels were found to be significantly lower in the MIS-C group than in the nonhospitalized group (p < 0.01) and significantly lower in the hospitalized group when compared with the nonhospitalized group (p < 0.001). Deficiencies in vitamin A, vitamin D, and zinc levels were found to be most common in the MIS-C group (42.3%) and in hospitalized COVID-19 group (15.3%). In the nonhospitalized COVID-19 group, it was found to be the lowest at 6.6%.
Conclusion Based on the results of the present study and a literature review, it can be said that vitamin A, D, and zinc deficiencies may associate with the severity of COVID-19, although more studies are required to clarify this subject further.
The long-run impacts of paid maternity leave on height and educational attainment
Authors: Le Kien , Nguyen My 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the extent to which paid maternity leave affects educational attainment and adult height in 29 developing countries between 1990 and 2019. The identification hinges upon the variation in the educational achievement and health outcomes of individuals residing in the same place but exposed to different lengths of paid maternity leave at birth due to policy reforms. The analysis uncovers the long-lasting favorable effects of paid maternity leave as an additional week of leave duration could result in an increase of around 0.007 years in educational attainment and 0.056 cm in adult height. The study calls for the enforcement and extension of paid maternity leave.
Event-based vision in magneto-optic Kerr effect microscopy
Authors: Zhang Kai , Zhao Yuelei , Chu Zhiqin , Zhou Yan 
Published: September 2022

Magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE) microscopy is a widely used technique for observation and characterization of microscopic magnetic structures. While being efficient and easy-to-use, current commercial MOKE microscopes are not superb in time resolution, limited by the frame rate of the camera. Here, we introduce a revolutionary sensor, namely, the event camera, as a convenient add-on to traditional MOKE microscopy and explore the potential applications of event-based vision in research areas using MOKE microscopy. We use the frame stacking method to improve visibility to human eyes in generated slow motion videos. We perform a proof-of-principle feedback control experiment using the event-based vision data and characterize the overall latency of the feedback loop as short as 25 ms with our current prototype. Finally, we discuss the limitations of current event cameras in MOKE microscopy as well.
The effect of ammoniated maize stover inclusion in diets on growth performance, physiological characteristics and meat quality in lambs
Authors: Chelopo G. M. , Marume U. 
Published: September 2022

Context The exploration of alternative feed sources for lambs to offset the expensive conventional ingredients is imperative. Aims To determine whether the inclusion of graded levels of ammoniated maize stover in lamb diets will positively influence growth performance, health and meat quality. Methods Thirty-two female meatmaster lambs aged 5–6 months (eight lambs per treatment) were fed isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets containing 0%, 10%, 20% and 40% ammoniated maize stover (AMS) over a period of 7 weeks. Key results The lambs fed the AMS10 diet had a greater feed intake than did those fed AMS0, with lambs fed AMS20 and AMS40 not different from each other. Lambs fed on AMS10 and AMS20 grew faster than those fed on AMS40, but AMS0-fed lambs did not differ from any of the other groups. Similarly, feed conversion ratio (FCR, 5.25) was greater for lambs fed on AMS40 than for those on either AMS10 or AMS20, but those on AMS0 did not differ from the other groups. There were no significant differences in any of the mean values for haematological parameters; however, haematocrit was below the normal range for healthy lambs in all dietary treatments. Inclusion of AMS had no effect on the slaughter weight of lambs or any carcass characteristics apart from the dressing percentage. The lambs fed the AMS20 diets had a significantly higher dressing percentage than did all other groups. Ultimate pH (pHu) values were significantly higher on lambs fed on AMS40 than for all other groups. pHu values among AMS0, AMS10 and AMS20 were similar. Shear force for lambs on AMS40 diet was less than that for AMS0, but neither differed significantly from the other two groups. Conclusions Observations from the study showed that ammoniated maize stover may be included into lamb diets at least at 20% without adverse effects on growth performance, the health, and meat-quality characteristics of the lambs. Implications Ammoniated maize stover can therefore be a cheaper feed source for lambs in feedlot systems as it primarily replaces lucerne and maize grain.
Novel method for numerical reconstruction of grinding surfaces with specified roughness parameter set
Authors: Tang Jinyuan , Xia Fujia , Yang Duo , Xiao Chunqing 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Surface roughness parameters play a decisive role on grinding surface service performance. Among 26 surface roughness parameters, closely related to the surface performance and defined by ISO25178, in the 6 categories, numerical reconstruction of grinding surfaces can only control 7 height parameters and 2 spatial parameters with inability to achieve precise control of other parameter-defined features. Therefore, a novel numerical reconstruction method for grinding surfaces with specified rough parameter set (SRPS) was proposed to solve the problem of feature loss caused by other uncontrollable parameters. Combine three characteristic coefficients of height probability density function in Johnson transformation method with four characteristic coefficients of autocorrelation function expression to construct surface reconstruction coefficient set (SRCS) and build SRPS with number of 22 in consideration of the measurement error influence and industrial application frequency. Use BP neural network to establish quantitative mapping model between SRCS and SRPS for inversion. Through introducing genetic algorithm to invert SRPS corresponding SRCS, numerical reconstruction of grinding surfaces with SRPS will be realized. Experimental results show that compared with the measured grinding surfaces, the average error in SRPS of reconstructed surfaces is basically within 10%. The research provides a new means for the study of the surface performance, which solves the problem that the traditional rough surface modeling method based on random process theory could only associate 9 roughness parameters.
A study of laves phase in high Nb non-oriented silicon steel for electric automobiles
Authors: Lin Zibo , Wu Zhongwang , Li Yiming , Ren Huiping , Jin Zili 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the study of precipitates in high-Nb non-oriented silicon steel for the rotor of electric automobiles, it was found that mass dispersed Nb-rich precipitates were formed during the rolling process of the steel, these precipitates are presumed to be Laves phases in published literatures. In this regard, two types of Laves phases of high-Nb non-oriented silicon steel for electric automobiles and their crystallographic relationship with the Fe matrix were determined using SAED, FFT and IFFT, and calculation of steel strength enhancement by precipitation strengthening. The results showed the elliptical Laves phase is Fe16Nb6Si7 and the rectangular strip Laves phase is Nb7P4, and the orientation relationship between Fe16Nb6Si7 phase and Fe matrix is : [001]Fe16Nb6Si7∥[001]Fe, [101]Fe16Nb6Si7∥[110]Fe, [113]Fe16Nb6Si7∥[112]Fe, the orientation relationship between Nb7P4 phase and Fe matrix is : [130]Nb7P4∥[001]Fe, [102]Nb7P4∥[110]Fe, [110]Nb7P4∥[112]Fe; Both Fe16Nb6Si7 and Nb7P4 precipitates have a good coherent relationship with the Fe matrix; The calculation results show that Fe16Nb6Si7, Nb7P4 and other precipitates can improve the yield strength of non-oriented silicon steel, but at the same time, the magnetic properties of the steel are expected to be negatively impacted. The research results can provide important theoretical guidance on the influence of thermo-mechanical processing on balancing the mechanical and magnetic properties of high niobium non-oriented silicon steel for electric vehicle rotor.
Experimental investigation on jute/snake grass/kenaf fiber reinforced novel hybrid composites with annona reticulata seed filler addition
Authors: Kumar R Prem , Muthukrishnan M , Sahayaraj A Felix 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Natural fiber composites are hybridized nowadays to explore the synergetic effect of more fibers used in the properties of the composites. The natural fiber hybrid composite made with filler material has excellent wear resistance characteristics. This research work examined the mechanical properties, namely tensile, flexural, interlaminar shear strength, impact strengths, and hardness of the natural fiber reinforced hybrid composite that uses jute, snake grass, and kenaf fibers as reinforcement with various fiber volumes. Further, the wear behavior of the hybrid composites was enhanced by using Annona reticulata (custard apple) seed powder as a filler material. This study revealed that the sample has an equal proportion (12.5% of each) of snake grass and kenaf fiber (without filler) has excellent mechanical strengths. The wear behavior of the sample with 5 wt% filler shows a lower wear rate than other samples.
Polymeric sidewall transfer lithography
Authors: Lo Yi-Chen , Cheng Xing 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This work is to demonstrate a low cost and time-conserving technique to create nano-trenches by transferring nano-scale polymeric sidewalls into substrate. The polymeric sidewall is a vertically spreading layer deposited by spin-coating a polymer solution on a vertical template. By varying processing parameters such as the solution concentration or the spin-coating speed, the dimension of the sidewall can be changed, which, after pattern transfer, also changes the nano-trench dimension. In this work, high-resolution trenches of about 15 nm have been achieved after transferring straight line sidewalls into substrate. Other than straight line sidewall patterns, this method also fabricates ring-shaped patterns including circles, squares, and concentric squares. With various shapes of sidewall patterns, this technique has a potential to implement other practical applications such as fabricating high-resolution nanoimprint molds of 15 nm.
Diverged subpopulations in tropicalUrochloa(Brachiaria) forage species indicate a role for facultative apomixis and varying ploidy in their population structure and evolution
Authors: Higgins J , Tomaszewska P , Pellny T K , Castiblanco V , Arango J , Tohme J , Schwarzacher T , Mitchell R A , Heslop-Harrison J S , De Vega J J 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundUrochloa (syn. Brachiaria) is a genus of tropical grasses sown as forage feedstock, particularly in marginal soils. Here we aimed to clarify the genetic diversity and population structure in Urochloa species to understand better how population evolution relates to ploidy level and occurrence of apomictic reproduction.MethodsWe explored the genetic diversity of 111 accessions from the five Urochloa species used to develop commercial cultivars. These accessions were conserved from wild materials collected at their centre of origin in Africa, and they tentatively represent the complete Urochloa gene pool used in breeding programmes. We used RNA-sequencing to generate 1.1 million single nucleotide polymorphism loci. We employed genetic admixture, principal component and phylogenetic analyses to define subpopulations.ResultsWe observed three highly differentiated subpopulations in U. brizantha, which were unrelated to ploidy: one intermixed with U. decumbens, and two diverged from the former and the other species in the complex. We also observed two subpopulations in U. humidicola, unrelated to ploidy; one subpopulation had fewer accessions but included the only characterized sexual accession in the species. Our results also supported a division of U. decumbens between diploids and polyploids, and no subpopulations within U. ruziziensis and U. maxima.ConclusionsPolyploid U. decumbens are more closely related to polyploid U. brizantha than to diploid U. decumbens, which supports the divergence of both polyploid groups from a common tetraploid ancestor and provides evidence for the hybridization barrier of ploidy. The three differentiated subpopulations of apomictic polyploid U. brizantha accessions constitute diverged ecotypes, which can probably be utilized in hybrid breeding. Subpopulations were not observed in non-apomictic U. ruziziensis. Sexual Urochloa polyploids were not found (U. brizantha, U. decumbens) or were limited to small subpopulations (U. humidicola). The subpopulation structure observed in the Urochloa sexual–apomictic multiploidy complexes supports geographical parthenogenesis, where the polyploid genotypes exploit the evolutionary advantage of apomixis, i.e. uniparental reproduction and clonality, to occupy extensive geographical areas.
Anatomical determinants of gas exchange and hydraulics vary with leaf shape in soybean
Authors: Tamang Bishal G , Zhang Yanqun , Zambrano Michelle A , Ainsworth Elizabeth A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background and aims
Leaf shape in crops can impact light distribution and carbon capture at the whole plant and canopy level. Given similar leaf inclination, narrow leaves can allow a greater fraction of incident light to pass through to lower canopy leaves by reducing leaf area index, which can potentially increase canopy-scale photosynthesis. Soybean has natural variation in leaf shape which can be utilized to optimize canopy architecture. However, the anatomical and physiological differences underlying variation in leaf shape remain largely unexplored.

Methods
In this study, we selected 28 diverse soybean lines with leaf length to width ratios (leaf ratio) ranging between 1.1 and 3.2. We made leaf cross-sectional, gas exchange, vein density and hydraulic measurements and studied their interrelationships among these lines.

Key results
Our study shows that narrow leaves tend to be thicker, with an ~30 µm increase in leaf thickness for every unit increase in leaf ratio. Interestingly, thicker leaves had a greater proportion of spongy mesophyll while the proportions of palisade and paraveinal mesophyll decreased. In addition, narrow and thicker leaves had greater photosynthesis and stomatal conductance per unit area along with greater leaf hydraulic conductance.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that selecting for narrow leaves can improve photosynthetic performance and potentially provide a yield advantage in soybean.
metabolomicsR: a streamlined workflow to analyze metabolomic data in R
Authors: Han Xikun , Liang Liming 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Summary
metabolomicsR is a streamlined, flexible and user-friendly R package to preprocess, analyze and visualize metabolomic data. metabolomicsR includes comprehensive functionalities for sample and metabolite quality control, outlier detection, missing value imputation, dimensional reduction, batch effect normalization, data integration, regression, metabolite annotation and visualization of data and results. In this application note, we demonstrate the step-by-step use of the main functions from this package.

Availability and implementation
The metabolomicsR package is available via CRAN and GitHub (https://github.com/XikunHan/metabolomicsR/). A step-by-step online tutorial is available at https://xikunhan.github.io/metabolomicsR/docs/articles/Introduction.html.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.