bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Space-Based Sensor Tasking Using Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Siew Peng Mun , Jang Daniel , Roberts Thomas G. , Linares Richard 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo maintain a robust catalog of resident space objects (RSOs), space situational awareness (SSA) mission operators depend on ground- and space-based sensors to repeatedly detect, characterize, and track objects in orbit. Although some space sensors are capable of monitoring large swaths of the sky with wide fields of view (FOVs), others—such as maneuverable optical telescopes, narrow-band imaging radars, or satellite laser-ranging systems—are restricted to relatively narrow FOVs and must slew at a finite rate from object to object during observation. Since there are many objects that a narrow FOV sensor could choose to observe within its field of regard (FOR), it must schedule its pointing direction and duration using some algorithm. This combinatorial optimization problem is known as the sensor-tasking problem. In this paper, we developed a deep reinforcement learning agent to task a space-based narrow-FOV sensor in low Earth orbit (LEO) using the proximal policy optimization algorithm. The sensor’s performance—both as a singular sensor acting alone, but also as a complement to a network of taskable, narrow-FOV ground-based sensors—is compared to the greedy scheduler across several figures of merit, including the cumulative number of RSOs observed and the mean trace of the covariance matrix of all of the observable objects in the scenario. The results of several simulations are presented and discussed. Additionally, the results from an LEO SSA sensor in different orbits are evaluated and discussed, as well as various combinations of space-based sensors.
Frequency of Student Resource Use and Academic Performance in Preclerkship Education: A Survey Study
Authors: Ikonne Uzoma , Brodie Adrienne , Bay Curt , Campbell Anna 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMedical students have unprecedented access to a large variety of learning resources, but patterns of resource use, differences in use across education cohorts, and the relationship between resource use and academic performance are unclear. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to evaluate student resource use and its relationship to academic performance during preclerkship years. First-year and second-year medical students completed a 10-question electronic survey that assessed likelihood of using outside resources recommended by others, reasons for using outside resources, frequency of use of resources, and use of outside resources for specific disciplines. Outcomes were compared between the 2 cohorts of students. First-year students were more likely to use instructor-produced resources and self-generated study resources, and second-year students were more likely to use board review resources. Although differences were found between cohorts for frequency of use of certain resources, correlations between resource use and academic performance were modest. Overall, our results indicated that student use of study resources changed between the first and second years of medical school. These results suggest opportunities for medical educators to guide students in the selection and effective use of outside resources as they mature as self-regulated learners. Further, since students seem to extensively use external resources for learning, institutions should consider calibrating their curriculum and teaching methods to this learning style and providing high-quality, accessible resource materials for all students to reduce the potential impact of socioeconomic factors on student performance.
Internalization strikes back? Global value chains, and the rising costs of effective cascading compliance
Authors: Van Assche Ari , Narula Rajneesh 
Published: November 2022

AbstractStrategies that make quasi-internalization feasible such as cascading compliance provide a means for lead firms to control the social and environmental conditions among their suppliers and sub-suppliers in ways other than through equity ownership. We take an internalization theory lens to reflect on the effectiveness of cascading compliance as a governance mechanism to promote sustainability along global value chains. While cascading compliance provides significant economic benefits to the lead firm, there are disincentives for suppliers to invest the required resources to meet the sustainability conditions, leading to periodic social and environmental violations. Enhanced cascading compliance (‘cascading compliance plus’) that adds trust-inducing mechanisms to engage suppliers in joint problem-solving and information-sharing has the promise to improve sustainability. But the added transaction costs that this generates has the potential to crowd-out suppliers, and possibly even make full internalization attractive again.
Interface Reversible Electric Field Regulated by Amphoteric Charged Protein-Based Coating Toward High-Rate and Robust Zn Anode
Authors: Zhu Meihua , Ran Qing , Huang Houhou , Xie Yunfei , Zhong Mengxiao , Lu Geyu , Bai Fu-Quan , Lang Xing-You , Jia Xiaoteng , Chao Danming 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMetallic interface engineering is a promising strategy to stabilize Zn anode via promoting Zn2+ uniform deposition. However, strong interactions between the coating and Zn2+ and sluggish transport of Zn2+ lead to high anodic polarization. Here, we present a bio-inspired silk fibroin (SF) coating with amphoteric charges to construct an interface reversible electric field, which manipulates the transfer kinetics of Zn2+ and reduces anodic polarization. The alternating positively and negatively charged surface as a build-in driving force can expedite and homogenize Zn2+ flux via the interplay between the charged coating and adsorbed ions, endowing the Zn-SF anode with low polarization voltage and stable plating/stripping. Experimental analyses with theoretical calculations suggest that SF can facilitate the desolvation of [Zn(H2O)6]2+ and provide nucleation sites for uniform deposition. Consequently, the Zn-SF anode delivers a high-rate performance with low voltage polarization (83 mV at 20 mA cm−2) and excellent stability (1500 h at 1 mA cm−2; 500 h at 10 mA cm−2), realizing exceptional cumulative capacity of 2.5 Ah cm−2. The full cell coupled with ZnxV2O5·nH2O (ZnVO) cathode achieves specific energy of ~ 270.5/150.6 Wh kg−1 (at 0.5/10 A g−1) with ~ 99.8% Coulombic efficiency and retains ~ 80.3% (at 5.0 A g−1) after 3000 cycles.
The concept of Cheeger deformations on fiber bundles with compact structure group
Authors: Cavenaghi Leonardo F. , Grama Lino , Sperança Llohann D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is two-fold: we systematically introduce the notion of Cheeger deformations on fiber bundles with compact structure groups, and recover in a very simple and unified fashion several results that either already appear in the literature or are known by experts, though are not explicitly written elsewhere. We re-prove: Schwachhöfer–Tuschmann Theorem on bi-quotients, many results due to Fukaya and Yamaguchi, as well as, naturally extend the work of Searle–Solórzano–Wilhelm on regularization properties of Cheeger deformations, among others. In this sense, this paper should be understood as a survey intended to demonstrate the power of Cheeger deformations. Even though some of the results here appearing may not be known as stated in the presented form, they were already expected, being our contribution to the standardization and spread of the technique via a unique language.
Radical-controlled plasma processes
Authors: Hori Masaru 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn plasmas, a variety of radicals which are defined as electrically neutral radicals in this article are efficiently produced by collisions between electrons and gas molecules. These radicals can subsequently undergo gas phase reactions with solids, liquids and living organisms that result in non-equilibrium surface/interface physicochemical processes. The specific phenomena produced by these reactions remain largely unknown, even though these plasma-based processes could lead to disruptive technological innovations. As an example, in the case of semiconductor microfabrication processes, the density, energy and lifetime of individual radicals, as well as the reaction time constants of these species with various materials should be ascertained. This would allow the identification and control of the effective radical species during processes, such as the high-precision etching and deposition of functional thin films. In addition, the type of reactions occurring between radicals generated in plasmas with liquids or living organisms is still an unexplored area. Establishing a theoretical system for these radical reactions and controlling the associated mechanisms could lead to innovations in the fields of functional devices and materials as well as in the areas of environmental protection, medicine and agriculture/fisheries. Focusing on the non-equilibrium surface/interface physicochemical reactions between radicals and solids occurring in semiconductor plasma processing, this paper describes the formation of nanostructured thin films by top-down mechanisms based on controlled radical production and bottom-up processes involving radical-induced self-organization. As well, this review examines next-generation medical and agricultural applications, such as the selective killing of cancer cells and plant growth promotion and functionalization. These systems result from the interactions of radicals generated in atmospheric-pressure, low-temperature plasmas with liquids, or the interactions of gas or liquid phase radicals with biological species. Finally, the importance of academic research into radical-controlled plasma processes and potential future technologies based on this interdisciplinary field are examined.
Simulation of Dielectric Axion Haloscopes with Deep Neural Networks: A Proof-of-Principle
Authors: Jung Philipp Alexander , Santos Bernardo Ary dos , Bergermann Dominik , Graulich Tim , Lohmann Maximilian , Novák Andrzej , Öz Erdem , Riahinia Ali , Schmidt Alexander 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDielectric axion haloscopes, such as the Madmax experiment, are promising concepts for the direct search for dark matter axions. A reliable simulation is a fundamental requirement for the successful realisation of the experiments. Due to the complexity of the simulations, the demands on computing resources can quickly become prohibitive. In this paper, we show for the first time that modern deep learning techniques can be applied to aid the simulation and optimisation of dielectric haloscopes.
Mikro-TESE versus Standard-TESE: für welchen Patienten welches OP-Verfahren?
Authors: Amend Bastian , Rausch Steffen 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungDie nichtobstruktive Azoospermie (NOA) zählt als testikuläre Ursache zu den häufigsten Gründen eines unerfüllten Kinderwunsches. Die testikuläre Spermienextraktion (TESE) stellt mit Blick auf eine assistierte Reproduktion die einzige Möglichkeit einer biologischen Vaterschaft dar. Die mikrochirurgische TESE unter Anwendung eines OP-Mikroskops zur Identifikation erweiterter Tubuli seminiferi wurde mit dem Ziel einer Verbesserung der „sperm retrieval rates“ entwickelt, wobei vorwiegend die Standard-TESE in der Praxis verbreitet ist. Die Diagnose einer NOA ergibt sich aus der Diagnostik mittels Spermiogrammen nach WHO-Handbuch, Erhebung des Hormonstatus, körperlicher Untersuchung und Sonographie. Patienten mit NOA, Kryptozoospermie oder ausgeprägter Oligozoospermie sollte eine humangenetische Beratung und Diagnostik angeboten werden. Bei Nachweis einer kompletten AZFa- oder AZFb-Deletion wird auch ein operativer Spermiennachweis nicht gelingen. Eine präoperative medikamentöse Therapie über einige Monate ist bei NOA nicht zugelassen. Die Datenlage zur „off label“ Anwendung verschiedener hormonmanipulierender Substanzen ist uneinheitlich, wobei der hohe Wunsch der Realisierung des Kinderwunsches nicht selten zum individuellen Therapieversuch führt. Vor Durchführung einer TESE sollte ausführlich über die Erfolgschancen, Techniken und möglichen Komplikationen beraten werden. Die Wahl des Verfahrens zwischen Mikro-TESE und Standard-TESE hängt grundsätzlich von der Verfügbarkeit am andrologischen Zentrum ab. Wenngleich die Leitlinien der EAU 2022 erstmals aufgrund einer Neubewertung der Datenlage die Mikro-TESE als favorisiertes Verfahren empfehlen, können bei Betrachtung der Literatur weiterhin beide Verfahren zum Einsatz kommen. Bei Nachweis eines „Sertoli-cell-only syndrome“ oder bei wiederholter operativer Spermiengewinnung scheint die Durchführung einer Mikro-TESE mit Vorteilen verbunden zu sein.
Development of technologies to support the diagnosis of infectious diseases and cancer to support the primary health care
Authors: Ferreira Matheus A. C. , Carvalho Dionísio D. A. , Cruz Agnaldo S. , Coutinho Karilany D. , Oliveira Carlos A. P. , Morais Antonio H. F. , Santos João Paulo Q. , Mayrink Nadja N. V. , Galvão-Lima Leonardo J. , Sales-Moioli Ana Isabela L. , Barros Daniele M. S. , Albuquerque Gabriela A. , Alves Luca P. C. F. , Teixeira César A. D. , Henriques Jorge M. O. , Gil Paulo , Gusmão Cristine M. G. , Valentim Ricardo A. M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Primary Health Care (PHC) is the coordinator of health care in Brazil and needs to be strengthened in the diagnostic field to increase health care quality. Aiming to improve the diagnostic tools currently available in PHC, this work describes the process of development and validation of two point-of-care biomedical devices for screening patients with syphilis or different kinds of cancer.

Methods
The development of these devices followed nine stages of action based on the requirements established by the Ministry of Health. During development, both systems followed the stages of circuit planning, software simulation to verify the components used, cost assessment for the acquisition of features, simulation in contact matrix, development of the embedded system, and planning of the printed circuit board and storage box.

Results
Both devices underwent preliminary functionality tests to assess their quality. The performance tests applied on the device to diagnose syphilis performed 8,733,194 requests, with a flow of 2426 requests/second, reaching the desired parameters of robustness, integrity, durability, and stability. In addition, functioning tests on the cancer-screening device indicated the ability to detect standard fluorescence in a minimal (150 uL) sample volume.

Conclusions
Together, the methodology used for developing the devices resulted in promising equipment to improve the diagnosis and meet the requirements for executing technologies for testing and triaging patients in PHC.
Gene expression changes during the evolution of the tetrapod limb
Authors: Varga Zsombor , Varga Máté 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMajor changes in the vertebrate anatomy have preceded the conquest of land by the members of this taxon, and continuous changes in limb shape and use have occurred during the later radiation of tetrapods. While the main, conserved mechanisms of limb development have been discerned over the past century using a combination of classical embryological and molecular methods, only recent advances made it possible to identify and study the regulatory changes that have contributed to the evolution of the tetrapod appendage. These advances include the expansion of the model repertoire from traditional genetic model species to non-conventional ones, a proliferation of predictive mathematical models that describe gene interactions, an explosion in genomic data and the development of high-throughput methodologies. These revolutionary innovations make it possible to identify specific mutations that are behind specific transitions in limb evolution. Also, as we continue to apply them to more and more extant species, we can expect to gain a fine-grained view of this evolutionary transition that has been so consequential for our species as well.
The threat, hype, and promise of artificial intelligence in education
Authors: Humble Niklas , Mozelius Peter 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe idea of building intelligent machines has been around for centuries, with a new wave of promising artificial intelligence (AI) in the twenty-first century. Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED) is a younger phenomenon that has created hype and promises, but also been seen as a threat by critical voices. There have been rich discussions on over-optimism and hype in contemporary AI research. Less has been written about the hyped expectations on AIED and its potential to transform current education. There is huge potential for efficiency and cost reduction, but there is also aspects of quality education and the teacher role. The aim of the study is to identify potential aspects of threat, hype and promise in artificial intelligence for education. A scoping literature review was conducted to gather relevant state-of-the art research in the field of AIED. Main keywords used in the literature search were: artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence in education, AI, AIED, teacher perspective, education, and teacher. Data were analysed with the SWOT-framework as theoretical lens for a thematic analysis. The study identifies a wide variety of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats for artificial intelligence in education. Findings suggest that there are several important questions to discuss and address in future research, such as: What should the role of the teacher be in education with AI? How does AI align with pedagogical goals and beliefs? And how to handle the potential leak and misuse of user data when AIED systems are developed by for-profit organisations?
Taking taniwha seriously
Authors: Kingsbury Justine 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTaniwha are powerful water creatures in te ao Māori (the Māori world/worldview). Taniwha sometimes affect public works in Aotearoa New Zealand: for example, consultation between government agencies and tangata whenua (the people of the land) about proposed roading developments sometimes results in the route being moved to avoid the dwelling place of a taniwha. Mainstream media responses have tended to be hostile or mocking, as you might expect, since on the face of it the dominant western scientific worldview has no place for beings like taniwha. However, in the 2020s, there appears to be an increased willingness to engage with te ao Māori. In this spirit, this paper proposes a way for non-Māori to begin to take taniwha more seriously, taking as its starting point the work of Dan Hikuroa on the practical usefulness of taniwha pūrākau (traditional narratives) in encoding information about natural hazards. The focus of this paper is narrow, but aspects of the strategy it proposes may be generalisable both to other aspects of te ao Māori and to other bicultural and multicultural contexts.
Development and testing of a low-current applied-field magnetoplasmadynamic thruster with a rectangular discharge channel
Authors: Gondol Norman , Tajmar Martin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study explores the possibility of miniaturizing magnetoplasmadynamic thrusters (MPDTs) to significantly lower power and discharge current levels compared to most conventional MPDTs. A design alternative for MPDTs using a discharge channel with a rectangular cross-section is presented that enables the implementation of strong external magnetic fields to increase the applied-field Lorentz force. The thruster concept uses heaterless calcium aluminate electride (C12A7:e-) hollow cathodes as the electron source. A prototype of the concept intended for the low-amp current range generates thrust in the low millinewton range with a specific impulse ranging between 400 s and 1200 s at power levels below 500 W but shows high thermal power losses to the anode. A further miniaturized version of the concept intended for the sub-amp current range is thermally more sustainable but requires high mass flow rates to achieve a stable discharge, limiting the achievable specific impulse.
Research and Application of Compulsive Buying Behaviors of Consumers in E-Commerce Livestreaming on Big Data
Authors: Min Ye , Tan Chai Ching 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDue to the rise of e-commerce live streaming, more and more Chinese people liked live streaming shopping in recent years. In the era of digital economy, e-commerce platform has developed into a data platform ecosystem built around data resources and data mining technology system. The most typical application of big data is also concentrated in the field of e-commerce livestreaming. E-commerce live streaming platform is a multidisciplinary research field. It is not easy to have a comprehensive understanding of the knowledge structure in this field. In this study, the purpose of this study is to derive and empirically validate a stimulus–organism–response (SOR) model that explains the factors influencing the compulsive buying behavior of customers in livestreaming service platforms offered by well-established e-commerce leaders in China, such as Alibaba Taobao Live. Based on the analysis of the research conclusion, this study proposes that the operators of store livestreaming should improve customers' trust and purchase intention from the aspects of utilitarian value, hedonic value, social value, and perceived value, as well as the use of edge information advantages. Therefore, from the perspective of customer psychology and based on the stimulus–organic–response (S–O–R) theory, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of livestreaming marketing mode on customers' compulsive buying decisions by using structural equation modeling.
Economic Integration Agreements and Export Survival in Ghana
Authors: Nkansah Kwabena , Takyi Paul Owusu , Sakyi Daniel , Adusah-Poku Frank 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study examines the effect of regional integration—specifically, that of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) as an economic integration agreement—on the survival rate of Ghana’s exports. It employs a discrete-time complementary log–log hazard model with a random effects estimation technique and Kaplan–Meier estimates of the survival function, using data spanning from 1996–2018. The findings from the study indicate that ECOWAS has a significantly negative impact on the hazard rate of Ghana’s exports, implying that ECOWAS as an economic integration agreement increases the survival rate of Ghana’s exports for both aggregate exports and commodity-specific ones. Additionally, the heterogeneity effect of other economic integration agreements on Ghana’s export survival was found to increase the survival rate of exports. From a policy perspective, efforts to ensure the smooth operation of trade agreement contracts among member countries within the ECOWAS sub-region are necessary for the long-lasting export survival of Ghana’s exports.
Investment Climate and Foreign Direct Investment in Africa: The Role of Ease of Doing Business
Authors: Njuguna Angelica E. , Nnadozie Emmanuel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper explores the relationship between the ease of doing business, as one of the investment climate indicators, and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows in Africa. It uses instrumental variable estimation and the control function approach to correct for possible endogeneity between FDI and the ease of doing business as well as economic growth. The study uncovers evidence that the ease of doing business plays a positive role in attracting FDI. The findings support African countries’ attempts to invest in improving their business environment to attract favorable FDI.