bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperreactio luteinalis associated with fetal hyperandrogenism and cystic hygroma
Authors: Ghassa Ali , Adwan Dema , Safadi Mhd Firas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA 23‐year‐old woman with a gestational age of 17 weeks presented with abdominal pain. The ultrasound showed maternal hyperreactio luteinalis with fetal cystic hygroma. After termination of pregnancy, the female fetus showed masculinization features with muscular hypertrophy. The hyperreactio luteinalis regressed under hormonal suppression therapy.
Bicomponent Cocatalyst Decoration on Flux‐assisted CaTaO2N Single Crystals for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction under Visible Light
Authors: Zhou Hanghang , Luo Ying , Xu Jun , Deng Lidan , Wang Zheng , He Hong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCubic‐like CaTaO2N photocatalysts with high crystallinity and uniform particle size were successfully prepared by the flux‐assisted nitridation method. The growth of CaTaO2N single crystals under different synthesis conditions was systematically investigated to understand the effects of the crystallinity and optical property on photocatalytic performance of CO2 reduction. Moreover, the modification of CaTaO2N single crystals with core‐shell Ni−Ag bicomponent cocatalyst by two‐step decoration process gave a 2.4 times higher amount of CO evolution than the deposition of sole Ag cocatalyst, because of the synergistic effects of bicomponent cocatalyst on the interfacial electron transfer and surface catalytic process. This study provides a valuable way to construct high‐crystalline photocatalysts with effective bicomponent cocatalyst for visible‐light‐driven CO2 reduction with H2O.
Modulation of Metal Carbonyl Stretching Frequencies in the Second Coordination Sphere through the Internal Stark Effect
Authors: Parker Gemma L. , Van Lommel Ruben , Roig Nil , Alonso Mercedes , Chaplin Adrian B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSpectroscopic and computational examination of a homologous series of rhodium(I) pybox carbonyl complexes has revealed a correlation between the conformation of the flanking aryl‐substituted oxazoline donors and the carbonyl stretching frequency. This relationship is also observed experimentally for octahedral rhodium(III) and ruthenium(II) variants and cannot be explained through the classical, Dewar–Chatt–Duncanson, interpretation of metal‐carbonyl bonding. Instead, these findings are reconciled by local changes in the magnitude of the electric field that is projected along the metal‐carbonyl vector: the internal Stark effect.
Evolution of a Synthetic Strategy for Garsubellin A
Authors: Jang Dongseok , Choi Minchul , Chen Jinglong , Lee Chulbom 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGarsubellin A is a thirty‐carbon meroterpenoid capable of enhancing the enzyme choline acetyltransferase whose decreased level is associated with the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. Due to the potentially useful biological activity along with the novel molecular architecture, this plant metabolite has remained a popular synthetic target. Herein we report a full account of our synthetic investigations that have led to the enantioselective total synthesis of garsubellin A, establishing its absolute stereostructure. The protecting group‐free, twelve‐step synthetic route has enabled the syntheses of the natural (−)‐garsubellin A and its unnatural (+)‐antipode.
Integrated Reversible Thermochromism, High Tc, Dielectric Switch and Narrow Band Gap in One Multifunctional Ferroic
Authors: Shao Ting , Ni Hao‐Fei , Su Chang‐Yuan , Jia Qiang‐Qiang , Xie Li‐Yan , Fu Da‐Wei , Lu Hai‐Feng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOrganic‐inorganic Hybrid (OIH) materials for multifunctional switchable applications have attracted enormous attention in recent years due to their excellent optoelectronic properties and good structural tunability. However, it still remains challenging to fabricate one simple OIH compound with multi‐functionals properties, such as dielectric switching, thermochromic properties, semiconductor characteristics and ferroelasticity. Under this context, we successfully synthesized [2‐(2‐fluorophenyl)ethan‐1‐ ammonium]2SnBr6 (compound 1), which has a higher phase transition temperature of 427.7 K. Additionally, it exhibits a semiconducting property with an indirect band gap of 2.36 eV. Combining ferroelastic, narrow band gap, thermochromic, and dielectric properties, compound 1 can be considered as a rarely reported multi‐functional ferroelastic material, which is expected to give inspiration for broadening the applications in the smart devices field.
Rational design of highly enantioselective composite voltammetric sensors using a computationally predicted chiral modifier
Authors: Zilberg Rufina A. , Vakulin Ivan V. , Teres Julia B. , Galimov Ilnar I. , Maistrenko Valery N. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe use of chiral modifiers is among the simplest and most popular strategies for synthesizing enantioselective voltammetric sensors that are applied for the analysis and discrimination of enantiomerical drugs in various media. The type and structure of the chiral modifier are the key factors for the creation of enantioselectivity to a specified analyte. We suggest a novel approach to the prediction of the quality of a chiral modifier for preparing highly enantioselective sensors. The suggested approach is based on the molecular mechanics modeling of the adsorption of analyte enantiomers on chiral modifiers and on the comparison of the corresponding adsorption energies (ΔEads). The efficiency of our approach is demonstrated using the example of cyclodextrins and chiral single‐wall carbon nanotubes as chiral modifiers, and a wide range of chiral analytes. We found that the experimental enantioselectivity (ϑexp) measured using voltammetry linearly correlates with ΔEads. The suggested approach also showed good predictive power in application to enantioselective chromatography, which further validates its general applicability.
Water Recovery from Urban Wastewater for Irrigation using Ultrafiltration and Nanofiltration: Optimization and Performance
Authors: Yasar Aynur , Can Dogan Esra , Ayberk Hamza Savas , Aydiner Coskun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe shortcomings of conventional processes for treating urban wastewater subjected to secondary treatment, in order to use this water for irrigation, are well known. Alternative advanced treatment techniques are required instead. This study aims to use single‐stage ultrafiltration (UF) or nanofiltration (NF) membrane processes to produce irrigation water from biologically treated urban wastewater. For this purpose, the effects of four process variables (membrane type, cross flow velocity, temperature, and transmembrane pressure) on process performance parameters (permeate flux, concentrations/removal efficiencies of contaminants) are analyzed through Taguchi experiment design. Temperature and membrane type are found to have the biggest effect on UF, whereas the membrane type is the most significant variable for the NF. Moreover, the use of membrane permeate for landscaping and agricultural irrigation based on optimal conditions is assessed with reference to the criteria imposed by national regulation/international guidelines. Water in various quality categories is produced using different settings for 28 distinct specific parameters with reference to the membrane type, process performance, and the irrigation method. The results indicate that single‐stage UF or NF membranes with high recovery rates can be used for wastewater subjected to secondary treatment, to recover irrigation water at low pressure and high water permeate flux.
Unauthorized and privacy‐intrusive human activity watching through Wi‐Fi signals: An emerging cybersecurity threat
Authors: Qi Fang , Zhao Yingkai , Bhuiyan Md Zakirul Alam , Hai Tao , Islam Monirul , Zhang Shaobo , Tang Zhe 
Published: September 2022

SummaryNowadays, wireless radio signals are ubiquitous and are around us; some signals pass through us, and some reflect off us. Substantial advancements in recent years demonstrate that such signals are utilized for diverse emerging applications, including people activity, motion watches, healthcare, and so forth. A few questions would be that may raise severe concerns in future cybersecurity and private domains. For example, what if Wi‐Fi signals are utilized to watch a person doings and actions, which are mostly without the person's authorization and authentication. How far such signal utilization can attack privacy intrusively, silently, more particularly, what/where we do, say, command, see, write, draw, go, perform, everything can be known. In this article, we investigate watching human activities by leveraging Wi‐Fi signals and discuss a few application prototypes. We attempt to learn whether or not attackers have the ability to passively watch our Internet activity as well as physical activities and motions through Wi‐Fi. With all‐new advances, one must be aware that cyberattackers may apply unauthorized use of these advances to their benefit. We discuss some of the countermeasures and approaches to mitigate these risks with Wi‐Fi signal leveraging.
Antipredator behaviors in urban settings: Ecological experimentation powered by citizen science
Authors: Zuckerberg Benjamin , McCabe Jennifer D. , Gilbert Neil A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAnimal behaviors are often modified in urban settings due to changes in species assemblages and interactions. The ability of prey to respond to a predator is a critical behavior, but urban populations may experience altered predation pressure, food supplementation, and other human‐mediated disturbances that modify their responsiveness to predation risk and promote habituation.Citizen‐science programs generally focus on the collection and analysis of observational data (e.g., bird checklists), but there has been increasing interest in the engagement of citizen scientists for ecological experimentation.Our goal was to implement a behavioral experiment in which citizen scientists recorded antipredator behaviors in wild birds occupying urban areas. In North America, increasing populations ofAccipiterhawks have colonized suburban and urban areas and regularly prey upon birds that frequent backyard bird feeders. This scenario, of an increasingly common avian predator hunting birds near human dwellings, offers a unique opportunity to characterize antipredator behaviors within urban passerines.For two winters, we engaged citizen scientists in Chicago, IL, USA to deploy a playback experiment and record antipredator behaviors in backyard birds. If backyard birds maintained their antipredator behaviors, we hypothesized that birds would decrease foraging behaviors and increase vigilance in response to a predator cue (hawk playback) but that these responses would be mediated by flock size, presence of sentinel species, body size, tree cover, and amount of surrounding urban area.Using a randomized control–treatment design, citizen scientists at 15 sites recorded behaviors from 3891 individual birds representing 22 species. Birds were more vigilant and foraged less during the playback of a hawk call, and these responses were strongest for individuals within larger flocks and weakest in larger‐bodied birds. We did not find effects of sentinel species, tree cover, or urbanization.By deploying a behavioral experiment, we found that backyard birds inhabiting urban landscapes largely maintained antipredator behaviors of increased vigilance and decreased foraging in response to predator cues. Experimentation in citizen science poses challenges (e.g., observation bias, sample size limitations, and reduced complexity in protocol design), but unlike programs focused solely on observational data, experimentation allows researchers to disentangle the complex factors underlying animal behavior and species interactions.
Scale‐dependent effects of marine subsidies on the island biogeographic patterns of plants
Authors: Obrist Debora S. , Fitzpatrick Owen T. , Brown Norah E. M. , Hanly Patrick J. , Nijland Wiebe , Reshitnyk Luba Y. , Wickham Sara B. , Darimont Chris T. , Reynolds John D. , Starzomski Brian M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlthough species richness can be determined by different mechanisms at different spatial scales, the role of scale in the effects of marine inputs on island biogeography has not been studied explicitly. Here, we evaluated the potential influence of island characteristics and marine inputs (seaweed wrack biomass and marine‐derived nitrogen in the soil) on plant species richness at both a local (plot) and regional (island) scale on 92 islands in British Columbia, Canada. We found that the effects of subsidies on species richness depend strongly on spatial scale. Despite detecting no effects of marine subsidies at the island scale, we found that as plot level subsidies increased, species richness decreased; plots with more marine‐derived nitrogen in the soil hosted fewer plant species. We found no effect of seaweed wrack at either scale. To identify potential mechanisms underlying the decrease in diversity, we fit a spatially explicit joint species distribution model to evaluate species level responses to marine subsidies and effects of biotic interactions among species. We found mixed evidence for competition for both light and nutrients, and cannot rule out an alternative mechanism; the observed decrease in species richness may be due to disturbances associated with animal‐mediated nutrient deposits, particularly those from North American river otters (Lontra canadensis). By evaluating the scale‐dependent effects of marine subsidies on island biogeographic patterns of plants and revealing likely mechanisms that act on community composition, we provide novel insights on the scale dependence of a fundamental ecological theory, and on the rarely examined links between marine and terrestrial ecosystems often bridged by animal vectors.
Additive‐Free Generation of Cyanoalkyl Radicals via Photoinduced Single Electron Transfer from Dichalcogenides to Cycloketone Oxime Esters
Authors: Su Xiao‐Di , Zhang Bei‐Bei , Liu Qiang , Yang Zhu‐Sheng , Wang Zhi‐Xiang , Chen Xiang‐Yu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe herein report an additive‐free alternative for the generation of cyanoalkyl radicals through photoinduced single electron transfer from dichalcogenides to cyclobutanone oxime esters, resulting in chalcogen‐containing nitriles. Experimental and DFT studies supported the occurrence of the process between the two components.
Zn‐Mediated Reductive Addition of Isocyanides with Unactivated Tertiary Alkyl Oxalates
Authors: Xiang Huan , Yu Zhengkai , Xie Tian , Ye Xiang‐Yang , Ye Yang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA facile and efficient method is presented for the synthesis of 6‐alkylated phenanthridine, possessing hindered quaternary carbon centers, by Zn‐mediated reductive trapping of tertiary alkyl radicals with both electron‐rich and electron‐deficient aryl isocyanides using nickel as a promoter. Bench‐stable and operation‐friendly tertiary alkyl oxalates derived from abundant tertiary alkyl alcohols were first used as radical precursors for the alkylation of isocyanobiphenyl species. This reaction displays excellent functional group tolerance and broad substrate scope, allowing access to desired products in good to excellent yields.
Elastic‐inertial separation of microparticle in a gradually contracted microchannel
Authors: Tian Zhuang‐Zhuang , Gan Chong‐Shan , Fan Liang‐Liang , Wang Ji‐Chang , Zhao Liang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSeparation of microparticle in viscoelastic fluid is highly required in the field of biology and clinical medicine. For instance, the separation of the target cell from blood is an important prerequisite step for the drug screening and design. The microfluidic device is an efficient way to achieve the separation of the microparticle in the viscoelastic fluid. However, the existing microfluidic methods often have some limitations, including the requirement of the long channel length, the labeling process, and the low throughput. In this work, based on the elastic‐inertial effect in the viscoelastic fluid, a new separation method is proposed where a gradually contracted microchannel is designed to efficiently adjust the forces exerted on the particle, eventually achieving the high‐efficiency separation of different sized particles in a short channel length and at a high throughput. In addition, the separation of WBCs and RBCs is also validated in the present device. The effect of the flow rate, the fluid property, and the channel geometry on the particle separation is systematically investigated by the experiment. With the advantage of small footprint, simple structure, high throughput, and high efficiency, the present microfluidic device could be utilized in the biological and clinical fields, such as the cell analysis and disease diagnosis.
Solution to the Riemann problem for drift‐flux model with modified Chaplygin two‐phase flows
Authors: Zeidan Dia , Jana Sumita , Kuila Sahadeb , Sekhar T. Raja 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we concern about the Riemann problem for compressible no‐slip drift‐flux model which represents a system of quasi‐linear partial differential equations derived by averaging the mass and momentum conservation laws with modified Chaplygin two‐phase flows. We obtain the exact solution of Riemann problem by elaborately analyzing characteristic fields and discuss the elementary waves namely, shock wave, rarefaction wave and contact discontinuity wave. By employing the equality of pressure and velocity across the middle characteristic field, two nonlinear algebraic equations with two unknowns as gas density ahead and behind the middle wave are formed. The Newton–Raphson method of two variables is applied to find the unknowns with a series of initial data from the literature. Finally, the exact solution for the physical quantities such as gas density, liquid density, velocity, and pressure are illustrated graphically.
Current Challenges in Efficient Lithium‐Ion Batteries’ Recycling: A Perspective
Authors: Yu Xiaolu , Li Weikang , Gupta Varun , Gao Hongpeng , Tran Duc , Sarwar Shatila , Chen Zheng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLi‐ion battery (LIB) recycling has become an urgent need with rapid prospering of the electric vehicle (EV) industry, which has caused a shortage of material resources and led to an increasing amount of retired batteries. However, the global LIB recycling effort is hampered by various factors such as insufficient logistics, regulation, and technology readiness. Here, the challenges associated with LIB recycling and their possible solutions are summarized. Different aspects such as recycling/upcycling techniques, worldwide government policies, and the economic and environmental impacts are discussed, along with some practical suggestions to overcome these challenges for a promising circular economy for LIB materials. Some potential strategies are proposed to convert such challenges into opportunities to maintain the global expansion of the EV and other LIB‐dependent industries.
Nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene reduces markers of hepatic inflammation in NAFLD: A double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Dellinger Ryan W. , Holmes Holly E. , Hu‐Seliger Tina , Butt Rodney W. , Harrison Stephen A. , Mozaffarian Dariush , Chen Oliver , Guarente Leonard 
Published: September 2022

Background and Aims:
The prevalence of NAFLD is increasing globally and on a path to becoming the most frequent cause of chronic liver disease. Strategies for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD are urgently needed.

Approach and Results:
A 6‐month prospective, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial was conducted to assess the efficacy of daily NRPT (commercially known as Basis, a combination of nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene) supplementation in 111 adults with NAFLD. The study consisted of three arms: placebo, recommended daily dose of NRPT (NRPT 1×), and a double dose of NRPT (NRPT 2×). NRPT appeared safe and well tolerated. At the end of the study, no significant change was seen in the primary endpoint of hepatic fat fraction with respect to placebo. However, among prespecified secondary outcomes, a time‐dependent decrease in the circulating levels of the liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma‐glutamyltransferase (GGT) was observed in the NRPT 1× group, and this decrease was significant with respect to placebo. Furthermore, a significant decrease in the circulating levels of the toxic lipid ceramide 14:0 was also observed in the NRPT 1× group versus placebo, and this decrease was associated with a decrease in ALT in individuals of this group. A dose‐dependent effect was not observed with respect to ALT, GGT, or ceramide 14:0 in the NRPT 2× group.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates that NRPT at the recommended dose is safe and may hold promise in lowering markers of hepatic inflammation in patients with NAFLD.
Advances in the study of the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and the gastrointestinal microbiome
Authors: Li Xin‐Yan , Qin Hao‐Yue , Li Ting‐Ting 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThere are many trillions of bacteria in the gastrointestinal microbiome (GM). Their ecological dysregulation can contribute to the development of certain neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is common dementia and its incidence is increasing year by year. However, the relationship between GM and AD is unclear. Therefore, this review discusses the relationship between GM and AD, elaborates on the possible factors that can affect this relationship through the inflammation of the brain induced by blood−brain damage and accumulation of amyloid deposit, and proposes feasible ways to treat AD through GM‐related substances, such as probiotics, Mega‐3, and gut hormones, including their shortcomings as well.
Law and macro finance of corporate debt: Managing the business cycle through bankruptcy
Authors: Borowicz M. Konrad 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article proposes that, as a matter of policy, the bankruptcy law protections of creditors offering to lend money to large firms in a boom should be weaker than those of creditors offering to lend to such firms in a bust. The policy goals of bankruptcy law under this proposal, inspired by the theoretical framework for Law and Macro Finance, are to curb booms, mitigate the effects of booms gone bust, and protect the productive capacity of the economy in the long term. Bankruptcy courts play a central role in the implementation of this framework. This article discusses examples of legal doctrines the courts could employ for that purpose, such as deepening insolvency and equitable subordination. The courts' role in the countercyclical management of creditor expectations concerning recoveries distinguishes the Law and Macro Finance framework for corporate debt from the more conventional Law and Finance framework. Under the Law and Finance framework, the primary policy objective of bankruptcy courts is to maximise creditor recoveries. Under the Law and Macro Finance framework, that objective is to help manage creditors' expectations concerning recoveries across the credit cycle.