bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders in a clinically referred sample of children with CHD
Authors: Loblein Hayley J. , Vukmirovich Patrick W. , Donofrio Mary T. , Sanz Jacqueline H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractYouth with CHD are at greater risk for neurodevelopmental disorders compared to healthy controls. The aetiology is multi-factorial but includes medical and demographic factors. We sought to characterise the prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders in patients with CHD. Our population included 206 patients with CHD, aged 3–21, who were referred for neuropsychological evaluation. Neurodevelopmental diagnoses were determined by a licensed psychologist. Rates of neurodevelopmental diagnoses were compared to national prevalence rates. Exploratory analyses (chi-square) examined which medical factors (i.e., cardiac diagnosis, genetic condition, prematurity, seizures, and stroke) were associated with neurodevelopmental diagnosis. There was higher prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders in CHD when compared to the general population (44%). Rates of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (27.3%), autism spectrum disorder (9.6%), and intellectual disability (5.9%) were notably higher than those seen in the general population (p < .01). Children with a history of aortic obstruction were more likely to be diagnosed with autism (p < .05), and children with genetic conditions were more likely to be diagnosed with an intellectual disability (p < .05). Neurodevelopmental diagnoses were not significantly associated with any other specific medical variables (e.g., cardiac diagnosis, seizures, stroke, prematurity, and antenatal diagnosis). School-aged children were more likely to be diagnosed with any neurodevelopmental disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (31.7%; p < .01) than preschool-age children. In summary, our results confirm that children and adolescents with CHD are at high risk for neurodevelopmental disorders and require ongoing monitoring, care, and support. Children with genetic disorders and those with aortic obstruction may be more at risk for certain neurodevelopmental disorders.
Improving aspect-based neural sentiment classification with lexicon enhancement, attention regularization and sentiment induction
Authors: Bao Lingxian , Lambert Patrik , Badia Toni 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDeep neural networks as an end-to-end approach lack robustness from an application point of view, as it is very difficult to fix an obvious problem without retraining the model, for example, when a model consistently predicts positive when seeing the word “terrible.” Meanwhile, it is less stressed that the commonly used attention mechanism is likely to “over-fit” by being overly sparse, so that some key positions in the input sequence could be overlooked by the network. To address these problems, we proposed a lexicon-enhanced attention LSTM model in 2019, named ATLX. In this paper, we describe extended experiments and analysis of the ATLX model. And, we also try to further improve the aspect-based sentiment analysis system by combining a vector-based sentiment domain adaptation method.
The association between serum folate and gestational diabetes mellitus: a large retrospective cohort study in Chinese population
Authors: Liu Xiao-Hui , Cao Zhi-Juan , Chen Li-Wei , Zhang Dong-Lan , Qu Xiao-Xian , Li Yu-Hong , Tang Yu-Ping , Bao Yi-Rong , Ying Hao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjective:To investigate the association between folate levels and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk during the whole pregnancy.Design:In this retrospective cohort study of pregnant women, serum folate levels were measured before 24 gestational weeks (GW). GDM was diagnosed between 24th and 28th GW based on the criteria of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups. General linear models were performed to examine the association of serum folate with plasma glucose (i.e. linear regressions) and risk of GDM (i.e. log-binomial regressions) after controlling for confounders. Restricted cubic spline regression was conducted to test the dosage–response relationship between serum folate and the risk of GDM.Setting:A sigle, urban hospital in Shanghai, China.Participants:A total of 42 478 women who received antenatal care from April 2013 to March 2017 were included.Results:Consistent positive associations were observed between serum folate and plasma glucose levels (fasting, 1-h, 2-h). The adjusted relative risks (RR) and 95 % CI of GDM across serum folate quartiles were 1·00 (reference), 1·15 (95 % CI (1·04, 1·26)), 1·40 (95 % CI (1·27, 1·54)) and 1·54 (95 % CI (1·40, 1·69)), respectively (P-for-trend < 0·001). The positive association between serum folate and GDM remained when stratified by vitamin B12 (adequate v. deficient groups) and the GW of serum folate measurement (≤13 GW v. >13 GWs)Conclusions:The findings of this study may provide important evidence for the public health and clinical guidelines of pregnancy folate supplementation in terms of GDM prevention.
Phenology, growth, and seed production of junglerice (Echinochloa colona) in response to its emergence time and populations
Authors: Chauhan Bhagirath S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractJunglerice [Echinochloa colona (L.) Link.] is the most important grass weed species in Australian summer cropping systems. Although it is mainly a spring- and summer-emerging weed species, field observations suggest that E. colona is expanding its seasonality. A common garden experiment was conducted at the University of Queensland farm to examine the effect of planting dates on phenology, growth, and fecundity of eight populations of E. colona. All populations were planted every second month from September to July in 2019 to 2020 and 2020 to 2021. Echinochloa colona took the shortest time (4 to 6 d) to emerge when planted in November or January. However, the November population took the longest number of growing degree days to exhibit panicle emergence. In both years, populations differed in height and leaf, tiller, panicle, and seed production in response to planting times. Plants produced significantly greater biomass for the November planting (123 to 147 g plant−1) followed by the January planting and then the September planting. The March planting produced the lowest biomass. In the first year, the lowest number of seeds (3,500 seeds plant−1) was produced by the March planting; however, in the second year, similar numbers of seeds were produced by the March and July plantings. In the first year, seed production (51,000 seeds plant−1) was greatest for the November planting; however, some populations also produced a similar number of seeds for the January planting. In the second year, significantly greater seed production (111,000 seeds plant−1) was observed for the January planting compared with other planting dates. The aboveground biomass and seed production of E. colona were positively correlated. This study reveals variations among E. colona populations and suggests that although greater emphasis must be placed on controlling spring- and summer-emerging plants, management practices need to be extended throughout the year to control E. colona in southeastern Australia.
Factor Structure of the eHEALS
Authors: Reder Maren , Soellner Renate 
Published: September 2022

Abstract. The dimensionality of the eHEALS has been the subject of some controversy. Sample populations and language versions vary widely, as do the employed statistical methods to assess dimensionality. In previous research, we assessed the factor structure in two different samples testing 1 vs. 2 and 1 vs. 2 vs. 3 correlated factors. The objective of this reanalysis was to assess whether the 3-factor model fitted better than the 2- and 1-factor models. We analyzed data from a 2009 cross-sectional survey on health literacy in grade 12 ( n = 327) using CFA. All factor models of the eHEALS showed unsatisfactory model fit. A subsequent exploratory bifactor analysis confirmed multidimensionality and indicated that Item 2 was problematic. When this item was excluded from the correlated factor models, model fit improved, and the 3-factor model showed the best fit. The results in our sample of 12th-grade students offer some support to the German eHEALS having a 3-factor structure similar to the results from our previous research in women aged 50. The replicability of the fit pattern in a different sample and setting was limited by diverging results on Item 2.
Continued Warming of the Permafrost Regions Over the Northern Hemisphere Under Future Climate Change
Authors: Hu Guojie , Zhao Lin , Wu Tonghua , Wu Xiaodong , Park Hotaek , Li Ren , Zhu Xiaofan , Ni Jie , Zou Defu , Hao Junming , Li Wangping 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSurface air temperatures can directly affect the thermal state of permafrost in the permafrost region of the Northern Hemisphere (PRONH). It is necessary to understand the trends in air temperatures and consider actual CMIP future scenario output instead of a linear temperature increase over different permafrost regions. In this study, air temperatures from 23 models of the sixth coupled‐model intercomparison project (CMIP6) are evaluated against observational data from the PRONH. It is shown that most of the models reasonably represent the dominant characteristics of air temperature variations. Under three different future scenarios, air temperature and warming trends are examined using an optimal model ensemble. Results show that mean annual air temperature (MAAT) is higher in sporadic‐permafrost and isolated‐permafrost regions than in continuous‐permafrost regions. MAAT warming rates were 0.10°C/decade and 0.35°C/decade from 1900 to 2014 and from 1980 to 2014, respectively, and were 0.09°C/decade, 0.38°C/decade, and 0.95°C/decade from 2015 to 2100 under the low‐ to high‐emission scenarios. Air temperature varies considerably between the high‐altitude, transitional, and high‐latitude permafrost regions (HLR), and warming trends are the greatest in HLR under future scenarios. Moreover, warming trends in different permafrost classes vary little from the historical values from 1900 to 2014, and with a gradual increase from isolated‐permafrost regions to continuous‐permafrost regions under future scenarios. The results suggested that air temperatures in the PRONH warmed approximately 1.6 times faster than global air temperatures from 1980 to 2014 and under the three future scenarios.
Glacier Contributions to River Discharge During the Current Chilean Megadrought
Authors: McCarthy Michael , Meier Fabienne , Fatichi Simone , Stocker Benjamin D. , Shaw Thomas E. , Miles Evan , Dussaillant Inés , Pellicciotti Francesca 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe current Chilean megadrought has led to acute water shortages in central Chile since 2010. Glaciers have provided vital fresh water to the region's rivers, but the quantity, timing and sustainability of that provision remain unclear. Here we combine in‐situ, remote sensing and climate reanalysis data to show that from 2010 to 2018 during the megadrought, unsustainable imbalance ablation of glaciers (ablation not balanced by new snowfall) strongly buffered the late‐summer discharge of the Maipo River, a primary source of water to Santiago. If there had been no glaciers, water availability would have been reduced from December through May, with a 31 ± 19% decrease during March. Our results indicate that while the annual contributions of imbalance ablation to river discharge during the megadrought have been small compared to those from precipitation and sustainable balance ablation, they have nevertheless been a substantial input to a hydrological system that was already experiencing high water stress. The water‐equivalent volume of imbalance ablation generated in the Maipo Basin between 2010 and 2018 was 740 × 106 m3 (19 ± 12 mm yr−1), approximately 3.4 times the capacity of the basin's El Yeso Reservoir. This is equivalent to 14% of Santiago's potable water use in that time, while total glacier ablation was equivalent to 59%. We show that glacier retreat will exacerbate river discharge deficits and further jeopardize water availability in central Chile if precipitation deficits endure, and conjecture that these effects will be amplified by climatic warming.
Improving Satellite Monitoring of Armed Conflicts
Authors: Bennett M. M. , Van Den Hoek J. , Zhao B. , Prishchepov A. V. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVery‐high resolution (VHR) satellite imagery is increasingly used to visualize the effects of armed conflicts in near‐real time. Yet these data, typically commercial, are generally released selectively or for a fee, impeding scientific and humanitarian applications. Such images also tend to focus on cities or infrastructure, obscuring the effects of war in rural or sparsely populated areas such as forests. To leverage VHR imagery for improved and more holistic conflict monitoring, we call for (a) archiving VHR images for scientific and humanitarian use; (b) producing analysis‐ready, conflict‐wide VHR mosaics to harmonize monitoring; and (c) forming a sustainably funded public VHR satellite program. International coordination on such a satellite could also support the transformation of VHR Earth observation (EO) data into a public good. Taking these three steps promises to revolutionize conflict monitoring, much in the way that opening access to lower‐resolution EO data has stimulated new discoveries about the planet's ecosystems and human impacts. Broadening and standardizing access to and analysis of archived VHR imagery may improve understandings of war, empower and refine responses, and potentially, mitigate future conflicts.
Interplanetary Control of High‐Latitude Thermospheric Winds: Results From HIWIND and Model Simulations
Authors: Tan Yusha , Dang Tong , Lei Jiuhou , Zhang Binzheng , Wang Wenbin , Yang Ziyi , Pham Kevin , Sorathia Kareem 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBased on the observations from the balloon‐borne instrument High‐altitude Interferometer WIND experiment (HIWIND) and the simulations from the Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM), the Grid Agnostic MHD Environment for Research Applications (GAMERA)‐TIEGCM (GT), and the GAMERA‐TIEGCM‐RCM (GTR), we investigate the variations of summer high‐latitude thermospheric winds and their physical mechanisms from 25 to 30 June, 2018. HIWIND observations show that the meridional winds were the largest at midnight and exhibited strong day‐to‐day variations during the 6‐day period, which were generally reproduced by those three models. The day‐to‐day variations of winds were mainly associated with the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) perturbations, while the magnetic latitude variations also contributed to the large day‐to‐day variations of the winds seen in the observations. Meanwhile, the zonal winds were mostly westward during the daytime, and the wind speed became large, especially in the afternoon, which is related to the westward ion drift velocity. The observed meridional winds tend to turn equatorward during the daytime on some days, while the simulated winds blow mostly poleward except for simulations by the GTR model on 26 June. The GTR model revealed that the equatorward meridional winds on 26 June were associated with strong and negative IMF conditions, which tilts the convection pattern to the prenoon sector. The simulations also revealed that the ring current could contribute to affecting the neutral wind variations, especially under geomagnetically active conditions.
Effects of Covering Layer of Sand Particles on Particle‐Bed Collision and Aeolian Sand Transport
Authors: Zhang C. , Dun H. , Meng X. , Huang N. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe movement of sand particles on the desert is the primary mechanism resulting in the development of sandstorms. Scientists have found that the physicochemical environments of terrestrial planets can cause the surface of sand particles to form a peelable covering layer, which may shed gradually during the movement of sand particles and affect the collision process between sand particles and bed surface, and finally affect aeolian sand transport itself. However, only a few studies have investigated these microscopic physical processes and conducted quantitative analysis of the relationship between covering layer mass and its coefficient of restitution (COR) when a particle impact desert surface. In this study, we collected four types of natural sand particles from the Badain Jaran, Mu Us, and Taklimakan deserts and the shoreside of the Yellow River respectively. A hydrochloric acid solution was used to dissolve the surface‐covering layer of sand particles, and high‐speed photography was used to capture the process of particle‐bed collision. The motion characteristics of the sand particles under different covering layers were analyzed using statistical analysis, and the quantitative formula between the COR and the covering layer mass was provided. This calculation result was further incorporated into an aeolian sand transport model to evaluate the effect of the covering layer on sand flux. Considering the ubiquity of covering layer on sand particle, the methodology proposed in this study can be used to simulate sand drift on Earth, Mars, and other terrestrial planets more accurately.
Mud Diapir or Fault‐Related Fold? On the Development of an Active Mud‐Cored Anticline Offshore Southwestern Taiwan
Authors: Wang Yu , Lin Yunung Nina , Ota Yoko , Chung Ling‐Ho , Shyu J. Bruce H. , Chiang Hong‐Wei , Chen Yue‐Gau , Hsu Ho‐Han , Shen Chuan‐Chou 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThere has been a controversial debate about the roles of diapiric folding versus fault‐related folding in mud‐cored anticlines. This study tackles this debate by looking into the structural developments in southwestern Taiwan. Among all the structures, the Liuchiu anticline is the only active structure exposed above sea level and therefore offers a unique opportunity to integrate land and marine data sets. On Liuchiu Island, we obtained the fold core geometry at the surface and identified three terrace groups with age constraints. In the offshore area, we obtained the fold limb geometry from seismic profiles. Given the tight fold shape and the asymmetric terrace tilting, we found that a hybrid fault tip fold‐fault propagation fold model can best explain the geologic and geomorphic features. In this regard, mud diapirism should be a secondary process, possibly along discrete patches of mobile shales to enhance fold amplification. Our model yields decreasing shortening rates from 0.7 mm/yr during the Plio‐Pleistocene to 0.375 mm/yr since 120 ka. The uplift rate however increases since the mid‐Holocene, which we tentatively attribute to larger mobile shale deformation triggered by earthquakes along the fault after the near‐fault fluids are drained. At the regional scale, we further suggest that the remaining plate convergence is absorbed by a few major structures west of Liuchiu Island.
A Thermodynamic Formulation of Water Potential in Soil
Authors: Zhang Chao , Gou Lingyun , Hu Shaojie , Lu Ning 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the mid‐20th century, harnessing of thermodynamics in describing water movement in soil, viz the concept of water potential, marks the emergence of modern soil physics, unsaturated soil mechanics, and vadose zone hydrology. Yet to date, a seamless linkage between thermodynamics and water potential is still missing, leading to several long‐lasting dilemmas regarding soil properties, for example, abnormal soil water density, peculiar film water viscosity and relative permittivity, pore water pressure, and water freezing temperature depression. Here, a thermodynamic framework is established by synthesizing recent advancements in soil‐water interaction. The classical thermodynamic concepts are revisited, highlighting the difference between macroscopic systems commonly treated in conventional theories and the intermolecular scale system subject to external fields. Soil water is conceived as an intermolecular scale open thermodynamic system subject to external fields of gravity, osmosis, and adsorption. The formulated thermodynamic framework is verified by reducing to the conventional definition of matric potential and a recently proposed unitary definition. The accuracy of the framework is further justified in terms of mechanical equilibrium criteria. The framework predicts the existence of spatially varied pore water pressure in soil pores and can serve as the theoretical basis for reconciling the physical origin of abnormal soil behavior such as water density, film water viscosity, relative permittivity, and negative or positive pore water pressure.
Communicating with Congress
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: September 2022

“The most important thing you can do is make known to your representative and your senators your concern about the national investment in science and technology,” says presidential science advisor D. Allan Bromley, who is quoted in a new pamphlet, “Communicating with Congress,” published by the American Institute of Physics.Included are tips on writing to a member of Congress, suggesting a brief, one‐page letter with three paragraphs: the first stating the letter's purpose and the writer's credentials, the second elaborating on the issue of concern, and the third asking for action. “Responding to mail is crucial to reelection, and a great deal of congressional staff time is devoted to responding to letters from constituents,” the pamphlet says.
Crustal deformation
Authors: Agnew Dunca Carr 
Published: September 2022

One of the lessons of geology, and now one of the tenets of plate tectonics theory, is that most of the Earth's crust does not deform very much. Most of the deformation takes place along the relatively narrow plate boundaries. Working out the details of how this deformation takes place, and the physics of the Earth revealed by it, is a major research enterprise, particularly because the slow deformation between the plates creates the elastic energy released in earthquakes.Recent developments in measurement and laboratory studies are beginning to bring our picture of crustal deformation into better focus. Since the motion along most plate boundaries is less than 10 cm/year over a width (on the continents) of 100 km or more, the rates of strain to be measured rarely approach 10−6/yr, and are often much less (except when earthquakes occur). Conventional surveying techniques have precisions of 105, so that any motion can only be measured over many decades. Space geodesy, most notably measurements of signals from Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites operated by the U.S. Department of Defense, represent a significant advance over conventional techniques. The precision of GPS appears to be within a few millimeters over distances of hundreds of kilometers, so that rates of deformation can now be measured in a few years.
Nevada told to process Yucca permits
Authors: Bush Susan 
Published: September 2022

The U.S. District Court in Nevada ruled this March that the state must begin processing permits that would allow the Department of Energy to conduct scientific studies on Yucca Mountain, the heavily debated proposed location of the nation's nuclear waste repository. The studies will determine the stability of the site, located about 100 miles northwest of Las Vegas.Carl Gertz, DOE's director of the Yucca Mountain Project, is careful to say that processing the permits does not mean issuing the permits. Beatrice Reilley, of the same office, adds that it is “debatable” whether or not the state is making progress in processing the permits.