bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understandability, actionability and suitability of educational videos on dietary management for hypertension
Authors: Ab Hamid Mohd Ramadan , Mohd Yusof Nur Dalia Binti , Buhari Siti Sabariah 
Published: January 2022

Background: Educational video is a productive means to advocate lifestyle modifications such as changes in the dietary routine. This study assesses the understandability, actionability and suitability of newly developed educational videos aimed at encouraging dietary adjustments among hypertension patients. Method: In all, 183 participants were recruited via convenience sampling and rated the understandability, actionability and suitability of the videos using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Audio-Visual material (PEMAT-A/V) and the Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM) scale. Results: Eleven videos were developed from five main topics related to the dietary management of hypertension. Participants agreed that all videos were highly understandable, actionable and suitable for use as educational tools, with scores of more than 85%, 89% and 80%, respectively. Conclusion/Implications: Overall, the newly developed videos gained high scores for understandability, actionability and suitability. This finding reflects positive acceptance of the videos among various healthcare professionals and patients with hypertension.
Calculating Expected Value of Sample Information Adjusting for Imperfect Implementation
Authors: Heath Anna 
Published: January 2022

Background The expected value of sample information (EVSI) calculates the value of collecting additional information through a research study with a given design. However, standard EVSI analyses do not account for the slow and often incomplete implementation of the treatment recommendations that follow research. Thus, standard EVSI analyses do not correctly capture the value of the study. Previous research has developed measures to calculate the research value while adjusting for implementation challenges, but estimating these measures is a challenge. Methods Based on a method that assumes the implementation level is related to the strength of evidence in favor of the treatment, 2 implementation-adjusted EVSI calculation methods are developed. These novel methods circumvent the need for analytical calculations, which were restricted to settings in which normality could be assumed. The first method developed in this article uses computationally demanding nested simulations, based on the definition of the implementation-adjusted EVSI. The second method is based on adapting the moment matching method, a recently developed efficient EVSI computation method, to adjust for imperfect implementation. The implementation-adjusted EVSI is then calculated with the 2 methods across 3 examples. Results The maximum difference between the 2 methods is at most 6% in all examples. The efficient computation method is between 6 and 60 times faster than the nested simulation method in this case study and could be used in practice. Conclusions This article permits the calculation of an implementation-adjusted EVSI using realistic assumptions. The efficient estimation method is accurate and can estimate the implementation-adjusted EVSI in practice. By adapting standard EVSI estimation methods, adjustments for imperfect implementation can be made with the same computational cost as a standard EVSI analysis. Highlights Standard expected value of sample information (EVSI) analyses do not account for the fact that treatment implementation following research is often slow and incomplete, meaning they incorrectly capture the value of the study. Two methods, based on nested Monte Carlo sampling and the moment matching EVSI calculation method, are developed to adjust EVSI calculations for imperfect implementation when the speed and level of the implementation of a new treatment depends on the strength of evidence in favor of the treatment. The 2 methods we develop provide similar estimates for the implementation-adjusted EVSI. Our methods extend current EVSI calculation algorithms and thus require limited additional computational complexity.
Immediate and Sustained Effects of Neurofeedback and Working Memory Training on Cognitive Functions in Children and Adolescents with ADHD: A Multi-Arm Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hasslinger John , Jonsson Ulf , Bölte Sven 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To evaluate the effects of neurocognitive training methods on targeted cognitive functions in children and adolescent with ADHD. Method: A pragmatic four-arm randomized controlled trial compared two types of neurofeedback (Slow Cortical Potential and Live Z-score) and Working-memory training (WMT) with treatment as usual. N = 202 participants with ADHD aged 9 to 17 years were included. A battery of cognitive function tests was completed pretreatment, posttreatment, and after 6-months. Results: The effects of WMT on spatial and verbal working-memory were superior to neurofeedback and treatment as usual at posttreatment, but only partially sustained at follow-up. No other consistent effects were observed. We found no clear indications that effects were moderated by ADHD presentation, ongoing medication, age, or sex. Conclusion: The sustained effects of neurocognitive training on cognitive functioning in children and adolescents with ADHD may be limited. Future research should focus on more personalized forms of neurocognitive training.
Effect of ramosetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist on the severity of seizures and memory impairment in electrical amygdala kindled rats
Authors: Sayahi Zeynab , Komaki Alireza , Saidi Jam Masoud , Karimi Seyed Asaad , Raoufi Safoura , Mardani Parastoo , Naderishahab Marzieh , Sarihi Abdolrahman , Mirnajafi-Zadeh Javad 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe entorhinal cortex (EC) plays a pivotal role in epileptogenesis and seizures. EC expresses high density of serotonergic receptors, especially 5-HT3 receptors. Cognitive impairment is common among people with epilepsy. The present study investigated the role of 5-HT3 receptor on the severity of seizures and learning and memory impairment by electrical kindling of amygdala in rats. The amygdala kindling was conducted in a chronic kindling manner in male Wistar rats. In fully kindled animals, ramosetron (as a potent and selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist) was microinjected unilaterally (ad doses of 1, 10 or 100 µg/0.5 µl) into the EC 5 min before the novel object recognition (NOR) and Y-maze tests or kindling stimulations. Applying ramosetron at the concentration of 100 μg/0.5 µl (but not at 1 and 10 µg/0.5 µl) reduced afterdischarge (AD) duration and increased stage 4 latency in the kindled rats. Moreover, the obtained data from the NOR test showed that treatment by ramosetron (10 and 100 µg/0.5 µl) increased the discrimination index in the fully kindled animals. Microinjection of ramosetron (10 and 100 µg/0.5 µl) in fully kindled animals reversed the kindling induced changes in the percentage of spontaneous alternation in Y-maze task. The findings demonstrated an anticonvulsant role for a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist microinjected into the EC, therefore, suggesting an excitatory role for the EC 5-HT3 receptors in the amygdala kindling model of epilepsy. This anticonvulsive effect was accompanied with a restoring effect on cognitive behavior in NOR and Y-maze tests.
Identification of a ferroptosis-related gene pair biomarker with immune infiltration landscapes in ischemic stroke: a bioinformatics-based comprehensive study
Authors: Fan Jiaxin , Chen Mengying , Cao Shuai , Yao Qingling , Zhang Xiaodong , Du Shuang , Qu Huiyang , Cheng Yuxuan , Ma Shuyin , Zhang Meijuan , Huang Yizhou , Zhang Nan , Shi Kaili , Zhan Shuqin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a principal contributor to long-term disability in adults. A new cell death mediated by iron is ferroptosis, characterized by lethal aggregation of lipid peroxidation. However, a paucity of ferroptosis-related biomarkers early identify IS until now. This study investigated potential ferroptosis-related gene pair biomarkers in IS and explored their roles in immune infiltration.

Results
In total, we identified 6 differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes (DEFRGs) in the metadata cohort. Of these genes, 4 DEFRGs were incorporated into the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network, including 78 lncRNA-miRNA and 16 miRNA-mRNA interactions. Based on relative expression values of DEFRGs, we constructed gene pairs. An integrated scheme consisting of machine learning algorithms, ceRNA network, and gene pair was proposed to screen the key DEFRG biomarkers. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve witnessed that the diagnostic performance of DEFRG pair CDKN1A/JUN was superior to that of single gene. Moreover, the CIBERSORT algorithm exhibited immune infiltration landscapes: plasma cells, resting NK cells, and resting mast cells infiltrated less in IS samples than controls. Spearman correlation analysis confirmed a significant correlation between plasma cells and CDKN1A/JUN (CDKN1A: r = − 0.503, P < 0.001, JUN: r = − 0.330, P = 0.025).

Conclusions
Our findings suggested that CDKN1A/JUN could be a robust and promising gene-pair diagnostic biomarker for IS, regulating ferroptosis during IS progression via C9orf106/C9orf139-miR-22-3p-CDKN1A and GAS5-miR-139-5p/miR-429-JUN axes. Meanwhile, plasma cells might exert a vital interplay in IS immune microenvironment, providing an innovative insight for IS therapeutic target.
Left-censored recurrent event analysis in epidemiological studies: a proposal for when the number of previous episodes is unknown
Authors: Hernández-Herrera Gilma , Moriña David , Navarro Albert 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhen dealing with recurrent events in observational studies it is common to include subjects who became at risk before follow-up. This phenomenon is known as left censoring, and simply ignoring these prior episodes can lead to biased and inefficient estimates. We aimed to propose a statistical method that performs well in this setting.MethodsOur proposal was based on the use of models with specific baseline hazards. In this, the number of prior episodes were imputed when unknown and stratified according to whether the subject had been at risk of presenting the event before t = 0. A frailty term was also used. Two formulations were used for this “Specific Hazard Frailty Model Imputed” based on the “counting process” and “gap time.” Performance was then examined in different scenarios through a comprehensive simulation study.ResultsThe proposed method performed well even when the percentage of subjects at risk before follow-up was very high. Biases were often below 10% and coverages were around 95%, being somewhat conservative. The gap time approach performed better with constant baseline hazards, whereas the counting process performed better with non-constant baseline hazards.ConclusionsThe use of common baseline methods is not advised when knowledge of prior episodes experienced by a participant is lacking. The approach in this study performed acceptably in most scenarios in which it was evaluated and should be considered an alternative in this context. It has been made freely available to interested researchers as R packagemiRecSurv.
Reporting methodological issues of the mendelian randomization studies in health and medical research: a systematic review
Authors: Islam Shabab Noor , Ahammed Tanvir , Anjum Aniqua , Albalawi Olayan , Uddin Md. Jamal 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Mendelian randomization (MR) studies using Genetic risk scores (GRS) as an instrumental variable (IV) have increasingly been used to control for unmeasured confounding in observational healthcare databases. However, proper reporting of methodological issues is sparse in these studies. We aimed to review published papers related to MR studies and identify reporting problems.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review using the clinical articles published between 2009 and 2019. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases. We retrieved information from every MR study, including the tests performed to evaluate assumptions and the modelling approach used for estimation. Using our inclusion/exclusion criteria, finally, we identified 97 studies to conduct the review according to the PRISMA statement.

Results
Only 66 (68%) of the studies empirically verified the first assumption (Relevance assumption), and 40 (41.2%) studies reported the appropriate tests (e.g., R2, F-test) to investigate the association. A total of 35.1% clearly stated and discussed theoretical justifications for the second and third assumptions. 30.9% of the studies used a two-stage least square, and 11.3% used the Wald estimator method for estimating IV. Also, 44.3% of the studies conducted a sensitivity analysis to illuminate the robustness of estimates for violations of the untestable assumptions.

Conclusions
We found that incompleteness of the justification of the assumptions for the instrumental variable in MR studies was a common problem in our selected studies. This may misdirect the findings of the studies.
A blinded evaluation of privacy preserving record linkage with Bloom filters
Authors: Randall Sean , Wichmann Helen , Brown Adrian , Boyd James , Eitelhuber Tom , Merchant Alexandra , Ferrante Anna 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Privacy preserving record linkage (PPRL) methods using Bloom filters have shown promise for use in operational linkage settings. However real-world evaluations are required to confirm their suitability in practice.

Methods
An extract of records from the Western Australian (WA) Hospital Morbidity Data Collection 2011–2015 and WA Death Registrations 2011–2015 were encoded to Bloom filters, and then linked using privacy-preserving methods. Results were compared to a traditional, un-encoded linkage of the same datasets using the same blocking criteria to enable direct investigation of the comparison step. The encoded linkage was carried out in a blinded setting, where there was no access to un-encoded data or a ‘truth set’.

Results
The PPRL method using Bloom filters provided similar linkage quality to the traditional un-encoded linkage, with 99.3% of ‘groupings’ identical between privacy preserving and clear-text linkage.

Conclusion
The Bloom filter method appears suitable for use in situations where clear-text identifiers cannot be provided for linkage.
Four different frailty models predict health outcomes in older patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Zhang Dai , Tang Wen , Dou Li-Yang , Luo Jia , Sun Ying 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Frail patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) face a higher risk of adverse outcomes, but there is no clear consensus on which frailty measures are most suitable for COPD patients. Herein we evaluated the ability of frailty measurements in predicting 1-year acute exacerbation, hospitalization, and mortality in older patients with COPD.

Methods
A total of 302 patients [median age: 86 years (IQR: 80–90), 22.2% female] were admitted to the Department of Geriatric Medicine were prospectively enrolled in this study. Frailty status was assessed using the Fried Frailty Phenotype (FFP), Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), Frailty Index of Accumulative Deficits (FI-CD), and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Cox proportional hazard regression and Poisson regression were used to evaluating the association of the adverse outcomes with frailty as assessed using the four instruments. The discrimination accuracy of these tools in predicting the 1-year all-cause mortality was also compared.

Results
Prevalence of frailty ranged from 51% (using FFP) to 64.2% (using CFS). The four frail instruments were associated with 1-year mortality. After an average follow-up time of 2.18 years (IQR: 1.56–2.62 years), frailty as defined by four instruments (except for FI-CD), was associated with death [FFP: Hazard ratio (HR) = 3.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30–7.44; CFS: HR = 3.68, 95% CI 1.03–13.16; SPPB: HR = 3.74, 95% CI 1.39–10.06). Frailty was also associated with acute exacerbation (using FFP) and hospitalization (using FFP, CFS, and FI-CD). Frail showed a moderate predictive ability [area under the curve ranging (AUC) 0.70–0.80] and a high negative predictive value (0.98–0.99) for 1-year mortality.

Conclusions
With the four different frailty assessment tools, frailty was associated with poor prognosis in older patients with stable COPD. The FFP, CFS, FI-CD, and SPPB instruments showed similar performance in predicting 1-year mortality.
Caregivers of people with dementia and mental health during COVID-19: findings from a cross-sectional study
Authors: Messina Anna , Lattanzi Martina , Albanese Emiliano , Fiordelli Maddalena 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
There is sparse evidence on the impact on vulnerable populations of the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of our study was to explore burden and mental wellbeing (including depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms) in caregivers of people with dementia during the first wave of the pandemic in Italy and southern Switzerland, two bordering regions severely hit by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
We conducted an online cross-sectional survey with family carers of people with dementia between May and June 2020. We registered socio-demographic characteristics, and information about the relationship with the care recipient, dementia subtype, care inputs from others, and the need of care of the person with dementia. We measured caregiver burden with the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), psychological distress with the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and perceived isolation with the 3-item UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLALS3).

Results
Caregivers (N =571) reported moderate to severe care-related burden (mean=54.30; SD=18.33), moderate anxiety symptoms (mean=10.04; SD=6.93), mild depressive symptoms (mean=11.79; SD=6.12) and mild stress (mean=12.95; SD=5.53), and 72.3% of participants reported to feel lonely. All scores were significantly more severe in Swiss compared to Italian caregivers (all p values<0.001).

Conclusions
We found that caregivers’ burden, anxiety symptoms, depression and perceived loneliness were marked during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, in two severely hit bordering countries. Regional differences in the impact of the epidemic on caregivers could be due to contextual, societal, and cultural circumstances. As the pandemic endures, support to caregivers of people with dementia should be proportionate and tailored to needs and adapted to contextual factors.
Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among staff at primary healthcare institutions in Prishtina
Authors: Halili Rrezart , Bunjaku Jeta , Gashi Bujar , Hoxha Teuta , Kamberi Agron , Hoti Nexhmedin , Agahi Riaz , Basha Vlora , Berisha Visar , Hoxha Ilir 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Many studies examined the spread of SARS-CoV-2 within populations using seroprevalence. Healthcare workers are a high-risk population due to patient contact, and studies are needed to examine seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among healthcare workers. Our study investigates the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among staff at primary healthcare institutions in Prishtina, and factors associated with seroprevalence.

Methods
We carried out a cross-sectional survey including SARS-CoV-2 serological testing and questionnaires with primary healthcare workers from primary healthcare facilities in the Prishtina, the capital city of Kosovo. We calculated prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, and of self-reported positive PCR test among primary healthcare workers, as well as crude and adjusted ORs for explanatory factors.

Results
Eighty-three of the healthcare workers (17.47%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies IgG or IgM, while 231 (48.63%) either had antibodies or a previous positive PCR test. Odds of seropositivity were affected by male gender (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.20, 3.61), and infected family members (OR 3.61, 95% CI 2.25, 5.79) of healthcare workers. Higher education, being part of larger families and having infected family members gave higher odds of positive PCR test and seropositivity. Other healthcare workers had lower odds of positive PCR test and seropositivity than physicians.

Conclusion
Over 17% of healthcare workers were seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and close to half of them were either seropositive or PCR self-reported positive test. Several factors are associated with decreased and increased odds for such outcomes. These findings should be explored further and addressed to Kosovo policy makers, and assist them to intensify vaccination efforts, and maintain control measures until we achieve herd immunity.
Prediction of chronic kidney disease after orthotopic liver transplantation: development and validation of a nomogram model
Authors: Guo Dandan , Wang Huifang , Liu Jun , Liu Hang , Zhang Ming , Fu Zixuan , Liu Xuemei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
We aimed to develop and validate a nomogram model for predicting CKD after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).

Methods
The retrospective data of 399 patients who underwent transplantation and were followed in our centre were collected. They were randomly assigned to the training set (n = 293) and validation set (n = 106). Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed in the training set to identify predictors of CKD. According to the Cox regression analysis results, a nomogram model was developed and validated. The renal function of recipients was monitored, and the long-term survival prognosis was assessed.

Results
The incidence of CKD at 5 years after OLT was 25.6%. Cox regression analysis identified several predictors of post-OLT CKD, including recipient age at surgery (HR 1.036, 95% CI 1.006-1.068; p = 0.018), female sex (HR 2.867, 95% CI 1.709-4.810; p < 0.001), preoperative hypertension (HR 1.670, 95% CI 0.962-2.898; p = 0.068), preoperative eGFR (HR 0.996, 95% CI 0.991-1.001; p = 0.143), uric acid at 3 months (HR 1.002, 95% CI 1.001-1.004; p = 0.028), haemoglobin at 3 months (HR 0.970, 95% CI 0.956-0.983; p < 0.001), and average concentration of cyclosporine A at 3 months (HR 1.002, 95% CI 1.001-1.003; p < 0.001). According to these parameters, a nomogram model for predicting CKD after OLT was constructed and validated. The C-indices were 0.75 and 0.80 in the training and validation sets. The calibration curve of the nomogram showed that the CKD probabilities predicted by the nomogram agreed with the observed probabilities at 1, 3, and 5 years after OLT (p > 0.05). Renal function declined slowly year by year, and there were significant differences between patients divided by these predictors. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the survival prognosis of recipients decreased significantly with the progression of renal function.

Conclusions
With excellent predictive abilities, the nomogram may be a simple and reliable tool to identify patients at high risk for CKD and poor long-term prognosis after OLT.