bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring fish using imaging sonar: Capacity, challenges and future perspective
Authors: Wei Yaoguang , Duan Yunhong , An Dong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe demand for fish products, which provide crucial protein for humans, is rising as the global population grows. In contrast, fish stock is declining due to human activity, environmental changes and overfishing. Fish monitoring provides valuable support data for effective fishery management and ecosystem conservation. The common monitoring methods are based on manual sampling, which is time‐consuming, laborious and intrusive. Imaging sonar is a hydroacoustic system that produces acoustic images similar to optical images by transmitting and receiving sound waves, allowing for in situ monitoring of fish non‐intrusively in the dark and turbid water environments where optical cameras are limited. In the last decade, imaging sonar, especially high frequency multibeam forward‐looking sonar and side‐scan sonar, has been widely used in fish monitoring. We reviewed the literature from the previous decade on the use of these two types of imaging sonar in fish species identification, abundance estimation, length measurement and behaviour analysis, as well as the sonar imagery processing concerning fish. The review results show that these imaging sonars are efficient and effective tools for fish monitoring in complex environments. The challenges include (1) the recognition of small fish forming dense aggregations; (2) species identification, which limits their use in species‐specific studies; (3) time‐consuming massive data processing. Therefore, advanced algorithms for sonar imagery processing and integrations with other sampling technologies are needed for future development.
Moving warm‐season forage bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) into temperate regions of North America
Authors: Baxter Lisa L. , Anderson William F. , Gates Roger N. , Rios Esteban F. , Hancock Dennis W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGeorgia, located in the Southeastern USA, has been historically dominated by two perennial forage grass production systems. Tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum [Schreb.] S.J. Darbyshire) is more prevalent in the northern parts of the state, while bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] is ubiquitous to the southern portion. Climatologists have documented notable changes in temperature and precipitation patterns in the state that have contributed to an invasion of warm‐season species in the northern portion of the state. In the transition zones between warm‐season and‐cool‐season perennial grass‐dominated regions of North America, C4 grasses can maintain productivity at high temperatures while C3 grasses are transitioning to a reproductive stage with minimal vegetative growth during summer. For this reason, warm‐season grasses could replace a portion of the grasslands at latitudes greater than 35°. This manuscript documents the expansion of warm‐season bermudagrass into northern Georgia, explores the climatic factors driving this transition, and highlights previous and on‐going research. We specifically focus on evaluating freeze or cold tolerance of bermudagrass germplasm. The C. dactylon cultivars exhibit more cold tolerance than C. nlemfuënsis (stargrass) since they are more rhizomatous and rely less on above‐ground stolons for regrowth and winter survival. Conversely, these cultivars tend to have poor nutritive value and are highly susceptible to insect damage. On‐going research is identifying germplasm that provides adequate cold tolerance to meet the needs of farmers transitioning to warm‐season production systems in the lower transition zone.
Self‐management of lower urinary tract symptoms in post‐prostatectomy cancer patients: Content analysis
Authors: Amano Koji , Suzuki Kumi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhat are the experiences of post‐prostatectomy cancer patients regarding self‐management of lower urinary tract symptoms? Individuals with prostate cancer are required to self‐manage their post‐operative lower urinary tract symptoms and issues associated with them. Clarifying the various aspects of self‐management can help in improving patient‐tailored support. This study therefore aimed to clarify the self‐management of lower urinary tract symptoms in prostate cancer patients who underwent total prostatectomy. Most post‐prostatectomy cancer patients have multiple lower urinary tract symptoms. They have a reduced quality of life due to the symptoms and associated physical, psychological, and social issues. Self‐management of the symptoms in uncomplicated cases has been shown to be effective, but this has not been clarified for post‐prostatectomy cancer patients. The study setting consisted of two designated cancer centres. A survey with semi‐structured interviews was conducted among 13 patients with prostate cancer that underwent total prostatectomy. Data were analysed using the qualitative content analysis techniques of Mayring. A total of 410 codes were extracted from which 42 subcategories and 10 categories emerged. The categories were: (1) recognition of issues associated with lower urinary tract symptoms to be solved; (2) examination of strategies for coping with these symptoms; (3) incorporation of actions that lead to an improvement in the symptoms; (4) avoidance of behaviours that cause worsening of the symptoms; (5) devising ways to prevent interference with one's daily life; (6) dealing with problems associated with the symptoms; (7) building relationships with medical staff and surroundings; (8) self‐evaluation of bladder control status; (9) positive acceptance of the symptoms; and (10) sensing the effectiveness of strategies regarding the control of urination. The results suggest that health care professionals need to provide feedback to patients on LUTS strategies and their effects to help support patient coping strategies. In addition, determining individual patients' strengths and deficiencies in self‐management will allow us to tailor assistance to patients. This is the first step towards the development of self‐management scales to objectively assess self‐management.
Is oral rehydration therapy associated with early childhood caries in children resident in Ile‐Ife, Osun State, Nigeria?
Authors: Folayan Morenike Oluwatoyin , Finlayson Tracy , Oginni Ayodeji Babatunde , Alade Michael Abimbola , Adeniyi Abiola Adetokunbo , El Tantawi Maha 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundOral rehydration therapy may increase the risk of early childhood caries (ECC) because of reduced pH in the oral environment.AimTo investigate associations between the use of oral rehydration therapy and the prevalence and severity of ECC in children resident in the Ife Central Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria.DesignThis observational study assessed the prevalence and severity of caries, using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) II index. The outcome variables were the prevalence and severity of ECC. The explanatory variable was the use of oral rehydration solution for the management of diarrhea in the 12 months preceding the study. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine associations between the explanatory and outcome variables.ResultsOnly 217 (14%) of the 1564 children had used oral rehydration solution for the management of diarrhea. Seventy‐three (4.7%) children had ECC. The use of oral rehydration solution was not significantly associated with the prevalence and severity of ECC.ConclusionThe study findings suggest that the use of oral rehydration therapy in the management of diarrhea may not be a risk factor for ECC in communities with low prevalence and severity of ECC and high prevalence of gastroenteritis.
Implementing mixed nursing care teams in intensive care units during COVID‐19: A rapid qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Geltmeyer Klara , Neyrinck Dries , Benoit Dominique , Malfait Simon , Goedertier Hilde , Duprez Veerle 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsThe goal of this study was to gain insight into the views and experiences of an intensive care team working in a new nursing‐care delivery model during the COVID‐19 waves. A new model of care was implemented to augment nursing capacity and provide sufficient intensive care beds.DesignA qualitative monocentric study using rapid qualitative descriptive methods was reported in line with the COREQ checklist.MethodsNurse, ward manager and physician participants were purposively recruited between January and March 2021 in a tertiary university‐affiliated hospital in the Flemish‐speaking part of Belgium. Semistructured interviews were conducted and analysed using thematic analysis methods.ResultsThe participants were seventeen expert nurses, twelve supporting nurses, seven ward managers and four physicians. A central theme of ensuring safe, high‐quality care emerged from the findings. There was a sense of losing one's grip on clinical practice when working in the mixed nursing‐care teams. Different underlying experiences played a part in this sense of losing control: dealing with unknown elements, experiencing role ambiguity, struggling with responsibility and the absence of trust. Several coping mechanisms were developed by the nursing‐care team to deal with those experiences, including attempts to create stability, to strike a balance between delegating and educating, to build in control and to communicate openly.ConclusionIn this rapid qualitative descriptive study, the implementation of a new nursing‐care delivery model during a pandemic was seen to lead to several challenges for all members of the care team. Coping mechanisms were developed by the team to deal with these experienced challenges.ImpactWhen rethinking nursing‐care delivery models, the findings of this study may help guide the process of implementing mixed nursing‐care teams. Special attention needs to be paid to clarifying roles, sharing responsibility and clinical leadership. Other significant influences (such as moral distress) should also be taken into account.
Aristolochic acid I induces proximal tubule injury through ROS/HMGB1/mt DNA mediated activation of TLRs
Authors: Upadhyay Rohit , Batuman Vecihi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAristolochic acids (AAs) are extracted from certain plants as folk remedies for centuries until their nephrotoxicity and carcinogenicity were recognized. Aristolochic acid I (AAI) is one of the main pathogenic compounds, and it has nephrotoxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. Previous studies have shown that AAI acts mainly on proximal renal tubular epithelial cells; however, the mechanisms of AAI‐induced proximal tubule cell damage are still not fully characterized. We exposed human kidney proximal tubule cells (PTCs; HK2 cell line) to AAI in vitro at different time/dose conditions and assessed cell proliferation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, nitric oxide (NO) production, m‐RNA/ protein expressions and mitochondrial dysfunction. AAI exposure decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis, ROS generation / NO production in PTCs significantly at 24 h. Gene/ protein expression studies demonstrated activation of innate immunity (TLRs 2, 3, 4 and 9, HMGB1), inflammatory (IL6, TNFA, IL1B, IL18, TGFB and NLRP3) and kidney injury (LCN2) markers. AAI also induced epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mitochondrial dysfunction in HK2 cells. TLR9 knock‐down and ROS inhibition were able to ameliorate the toxic effect of AAI. In conclusion, AAI treatment caused injury to PTCs through ROS‐HMGB1/mitochondrial DNA (mt DNA)‐mediated activation of TLRs and inflammatory response.
Nemolizumab efficacy in prurigo nodularis: onset of action on itch and sleep disturbances
Authors: Ständer S. , Yosipovitch G. , Lacour J.‐P. , Legat F.J. , Paul C. , Reich A. , Chaouche K. , Ahmad F. , Piketty C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients with prurigo nodularis (PN) have multiple itchy nodules, impaired quality of life and sleep deprivation. Prurigo nodularis patients have a high burden of disease, primarily due to the intensity of the itch. It is reasonable to expect that rapid relief of itch – and associated improvement of sleep – are highly valued clinical outcomes for patients. Nemolizumab is an IL‐31A‐receptor inhibitor that modulates the neuroimmune response with reported positive efficacy and safety data in a phase 2 study of PN.ObjectivesTo evaluate the onset of action of nemolizumab on itch and sleep disturbances.MethodsPost hoc analysis of a phase 2 trial of nemolizumab 0.5 mg/kg SC vs. placebo in patients (n = 70) with moderate‐to‐severe PN (≥20 nodules) and severe pruritus (NRS ≥ 7). Time to significant reduction was assessed for peak pruritus (PP) and sleep disturbance (SD) using numerical rating scales (NRS), also assessed was scratching time during sleep.ResultsNemolizumab significantly reduced itch vs. placebo within 48 h (PP NRS −19.5% vs. −5.8%, respectively, P = 0.014). Significant difference between nemolizumab and placebo in reducing itch by ≥4 on PP NRS was achieved at Day 3 (23.5% vs. 0%, P < 0.001). A significant difference in SD NRS was reported by Day 4 (−24.0% vs. −4.3% placebo, P = 0.012). In addition, there was a separation between groups in SD responders (decrease of ≥4 points) in favour of nemolizumab by Day 2 (8.8% vs. 0%, P = 0.037). Sleep continued improving through Week 4, when there was a −56.0% reduction in SD NRS vs. −22.9% placebo (P < 0.001). Actigraphy data showed improvement in scratch/sleep duration for nemolizumab vs. placebo, respectively, by Week 1 (−32.15 vs. +28.15 min/h, P = 0.001).ConclusionNemolizumab has a rapid and robust onset of action in PN with itch reduction and improvement of sleep within 48 h.
Evaluation of histological post‐mortem changes in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) at different time intervals and storage temperatures
Authors: Furnesvik Lisa , Erkinharju Toni , Hansen Miroslava , Yousaf Muhammad Naveed , Seternes Tore 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate histologic post‐mortem autolytic changes in farmed Atlantic salmon. The fish were either stored at room temperature (RT, 21°C), refrigerated (4°C) or frozen (−20°C), while fish necropsy was performed at 0, 1, 4, 24 and 48 h post‐storage (hps). In addition, gills were sampled at 0, 5, 10, 15, 30 and 45 min post‐storage (mps) at room temperature (RT). The haematoxylin and eosin‐stained tissue slides were evaluated and scored by using a semi‐quantitative scoring system. Our findings demonstrated gills and pyloric caeca/pancreas as the most severely autolysed organs while heart and skeletal musculature were least affected. Generally, moderate to severe autolysis appeared first at 4 hps, while severe changes were seen at 24 hps. Gills demonstrated autolytic changes as early as 10 mps and pyloric caeca/pancreas at 1 hps. Freezing did not prevent the autolysis and even contributed to freezing artefacts, which may lead to misdiagnosis. Keeping organs refrigerated slowed the autolytic progress within the first 4 hps marginally. This study recommends gills and pyloric caeca/pancreas should be sampled as early as possible, at least within 10 min post‐necropsy.
Disease‐related knowledge in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and their informal caregivers: A multilevel modelling analysis
Authors: Matarese Maria , Lyons Karen S. , Piredda Michela , De Marinis Maria Grazia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesTo assess the level of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)‐related knowledge within patient and informal caregiver dyads, and to identify factors influencing the knowledge level considering the interdependence within the dyads.BackgroundPatients with COPD and their informal caregivers present poor disease knowledge and different characteristics are associated with their level of knowledge. Disease knowledge and related characteristics have been assessed separately in patients and informal caregivers, without considering possible influence within the dyads.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsA convenience sample of dyads was recruited in outpatient and inpatient settings in Central and South Italy. The Bristol COPD Knowledge Questionnaire was used to measure disease knowledge. Sociodemographic, clinical and caregiving characteristics, self‐efficacy and depression were measured in patients and caregivers. Multilevel modelling was used to analyse COPD knowledge at the level of the dyad to control for interdependency between patients and informal caregivers. The STROBE guidelines for cross‐sectional studies were followed for study reporting.ResultsWe recruited 133 dyads. The total level of correct knowledge shared by dyads was 32.89%. Dyads presented higher levels of correct knowledge about disease symptoms, smoking cessation and vaccination, and lower about COPD treatment. Younger patients with greater self‐efficacy, who attended pulmonary rehabilitation and were cared for by a spouse/partner with low levels of depression, and informal caregivers who were patients' spouse/partner were more likely to have higher levels of disease‐related knowledge.ConclusionsOur study advances dyadic research in COPD. Future studies should investigate the effects of shared knowledge and incongruent knowledge (where one member knows more than the other) on patient self‐care and caregiver contribution to patient self‐care.Relevance to clinical practiceOur study shows what knowledge nurses should provide in educational programmes directed at patients and caregivers, and which dyads have greater knowledge deficits, to whom offer targeted educational interventions.
“The terrible dryness woke me up, I had some trouble breathing”—Critical situations related to oral health as described by CPAP‐treated persons with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Ahonen Hanna , Broström Anders , Fransson Eleonor I. , Neher Margit , Lindmark Ulrika 
Published: June 2022

SummaryContinuous positive airway pressure is a common and effective treatment for obstructive sleep apnea, but adherence remains an issue. Both obstructive sleep apnea and oral diseases are associated with cardiovascular diseases, and as oral dryness contributes to treatment abandonment, oral health is of importance for this patient group. The aim was therefore to explore how persons with continuous positive airway pressure‐treated obstructive sleep apnea experience situations associated with their oral health, and which actions they take to manage these. An explorative and descriptive design was adopted using the critical incident technique. Based on a purposeful selection, 18 adults with long‐term experience of continuous positive airway pressure‐treatment were interviewed using a semi‐structured interview guide. Both negative and positive situations were described. Negative situations consisted of challenges with breathing, including mouth‐breathing, choking sensations, problems with night‐time and daytime oral dryness, changes in the saliva composition, and deteriorating oral health. Positive situations included experiences of reduced mouth‐breathing and oral dryness. The situations were often successfully managed by mimicking daytime movements, changing sleeping position, adjusting the CPAP‐device and mask, increasing oral hygiene efforts, drinking water, using a humidifier or chinstrap, or contacting their oral healthcare clinic. Long‐term experience of persons with continuous positive airway pressure‐treated obstructive sleep apnea regard situations and actions from everyday life. Successful management can contribute to long‐term adherence and decrease negative effects on oral health. More interdisciplinary collaborations could enable identification and adequate recommendations for persons who experience negative situations during their continuous positive airway pressure treatment.
Combination of hyperlipidemia and 17β‐Estradiol induces TMJOA‐like pathological changes in rats
Authors: Zhao Yan , Gan Ye‐Hua 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe explored whether hyperlipidemia or combination of hyperlipidemia and E2 could induce TMJOA.Materials and MethodsFour groups of female rats were treated with normal diet, normal diet with E2, high‐fat diet, and high‐fat diet with E2 (HFD/E2), respectively, to induce TMJOA till 8 weeks. Another three groups were then used for COX2 inhibitor celecoxib to block the induction of TMJOA. Primary condylar chondrocytes were treated with combination of E2, ox‐LDL, and corresponding inhibitors for evaluating expressions of related molecules.ResultsCondylar cartilage proliferation with plenty of chondrocyte apoptosis and increased staining for LOX1, nuclear NF‐κB, IL‐1β, and COX2 at 4 weeks and decreased condylar cartilage and increased subchondral bone density at 8 weeks were observed only in the HFD/E2 group. Celecoxib significantly alleviated the cartilage proliferation and apoptosis in the HFD/E2 group. Serum ox‐LDL increased in both high‐fat diet groups, while serum IL‐1β increased only in the HFD/E2 group. Combination of E2 and ox‐LDL synergistically induced expressions of LOX1, phosphorylated NF‐κB, IL‐1β, and COX2, while LOX1 inhibitor blocked the induction of phosphorylated NF‐κB, and NF‐κB inhibitor the induction of IL‐1β, and IL‐1β inhibitor the induction of COX2.ConclusionCombination of hyperlipidemia and E2‐induced TMJOA‐like pathological changes through LOX1/NF‐κB/IL‐1β/COX2‐signaling pathway.
Relook into the Risk Factors of Proximal Junctional Kyphosis in Early Onset Scoliosis Patients: Does the Location of Upper Instrumented Vertebra in Relation to the Sagittal Apex Matter?
Authors: Yang Bo , Xu Liang , Zhou Qingshuang , Qian Zhuang , Wang Bin , Zhu Zezhang , Qiu Yong , Sun Xu 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveGrowing rods surgery is the mainstay of treatment for early‐onset scoliosis (EOS) while proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) is one of the most commonly reported postoperative complications. We sought to investigate the impact of the location of upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) in relation to the sagittal apex on proximal junctional kyphosis in EOS after traditional growing rods (GRs) treatment.MethodsA total of 102 EOS patients who received traditional growing rods treatment with a follow‐up of at least 2 years between 2009 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Radiographic measurements were performed before and after the index surgery and at the latest follow‐up. We investigated the coronal Cobb angle and spinopelvic parameters of the whole spine. The location of the UIV, apex, lower instrumented vertebra (LIV), inflection vertebra (IV), the number and distance of UIV‐apex, LIV‐apex and IV‐apex were also recorded. Risk factors for PJK were analyzed by logistic regression analysis.ResultsPJK was observed in 21 patients (20.6%) during the follow‐up period. The PJK group showed a younger age at the index surgery (5.9 vs. 7.1 years, P = 0.042), more lengthening procedure times (5.0 vs. 4.0, P = 0.032), larger preoperative coronal Cobb angle (82.0 vs. 75.6°, P = 0.038), higher correction rate (51.2% vs. 44.4%, P = 0.047) and larger postoperative proximal junctional angle (PJA) (13.9 vs. 5.5°, P < 0.001) than the non‐PJK group. The ratio of the number and distance from UIV‐apex to IV‐apex also differed significantly between the two groups. The logistic regression revealed that age at the index surgery ≤ 7 years, the ratio of the number from UIV‐ apex to IV‐ apex ≤ 0.6 and the ratio of the distance from UIV‐ apex to IV‐ apex ≤ 0.6 were independent risk factors for postoperative PJK.ConclusionBesides younger age, a closer location of UIV relative to the sagittal apex is identified to be an independent risk factor of postoperative PJK. Selection of UIV at a relatively farther location away from the sagittal apex might help prevent occurrence of PJK.