bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Writing Tourism
Authors: Butler Rebecca 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The written representation of tourism, as a distinct category of travel, spans from the late eighteenth century to the present day. The performance of tourism typically entails its rejection in writing; standard tour books deploy spatial and temporal reorientations to renounce the touristic, self-authorizing strategies that are underpinned by social, racial, and gender prejudices. However, by incorporating lesser-known accounts of Victorian package tourists in manuscript diaries and periodicals, a more pluralistic history of writing tourism emerges that includes the renegotiation of touristic stereotypes and rewriting of established tropes. Moving forward to the twentieth century, a post-touristic textual landscape of satirical travel novels and footsteps travel writing is surveyed before focusing on the role of social media infrastructures in the recalibration of touristic textual authority in the twenty-first century. Through this potted history, this chapter raises broader questions about the role of the literary medium in touristic representations.
Travel Guides
Authors: Schaff Barbara 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Travel guides entered the book market in the context of the increased mobility of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century. In Europe, John Murray and Karl Baedeker established a format that would dominate the guidebook trade for more than a century: emphasizing factual information, objectivity, and comprehensive knowledge, their travel guides shaped the ways in which an educated middle-class readership experienced foreign countries. In the twentieth century, as the tendency for privileged travel began to recede, the guidebook industry adapted itself to the needs of more socially diverse groups and mass tourism. In due course, it came to favor more and more the personal, sensory encounter with cultural alterity as an antidote to a homogenizing mass culture. In the present age, print media and digital forms of travel information go hand in hand, digital guides often relying on interactive readerly participation.
Authoritarian Tourism
Authors: Baranowski Shelley 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Authoritarian tourism emerged in the interwar period as an expression of systemic competition between the liberal democracies of the West and the fascist and Soviet dictatorships. Despite their differences, Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany, and the Soviet Union saw tourism as testimony to their ability to increase productivity, deliver social benefits, and offer a higher standard of living. In the post–World War II period, the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact nations continued to support tourism for the same reasons, but their inability to satisfy tourist expectations contributed to the collapse of the Soviet bloc. Yet since 1990 the People’s Republic of China and other authoritarian regimes, consistent with their acceptance of neoliberal capitalism, have succeeded in marketing tourism for their citizens and foreign visitors.
Youth Tourism
Authors: Jobs Richard Ivan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
During the twentieth century, youth tourism emerged as a vital component of the global tourism industry. Closely connected to more general youth leisure practices, there has been an ongoing tension between youth tourism organized and directed by adults, on the one hand, and independent youth travel and tourism on the other. This is in keeping with the emergence of youth as a life-stage and age category that has historically been associated with the transition from dependence to autonomy. Such tourism often becomes a rite of passage, marking the transition from youth to adult, thus helping to define the distinct parameters of youth and youth culture.
Tourism and Landscape
Authors: Noack Christian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
“Embodied” tourist practices, that is, the active movement of walkers, hikers, and mountaineers through space, created a new sensitivity for nature and landscape when spreading in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, during the period of European romanticism. As the examples of the Rhine Valley and Switzerland illustrate, the practice of pedestrian exploration of marginal spaces created particularly powerful imageries of landscapes, inviting individuals to either reenact similar experiences in the same environment or to engage with it during their own explorations elsewhere. The spread of tourism in the northern hemisphere, the practice of both individual and collective hiking and the imaginary of landscapes they produced were instrumental in projecting a nation onto the natural environment and in carving out national territories and identities throughout the course of the nineteenth century.
Hotels and Tourism
Authors: James Kevin J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Although commercial accommodation can claim a very long pedigree, the hotel as an institution is often distinguished from previous types of lodging in terms of its built form and its symbolisms. Hotels have historically been sites of technological innovation, intercultural encounters, and cultures of sociability shaped by distinctive spatial regimes. Hotels are also sights—places of wonder, pilgrimage, and celebrity. Although historians, sociologists, playwrights, and authors have long engaged with microspaces of the Western hotel, and the landscapes in which it is situated, there remain many other comparatively unexplored dimensions of hotel history, and places such as the Global South, which demand closer attention.
Natural variation and artificial selection at the BnaC2.MYB28 locus modulate Brassica napus seed glucosinolate
Authors: Zhou Xianming , Zhang Haiyan , Xie Zhaoqi , Liu Ying , Wang Pengfei , Dai Lihong , Zhang Xiaohui , Wang Zhaoyang , Wang Zhuanrong , Wan Lili , Yang Guangsheng , Hong Dengfeng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The degradation products of glucosinolates (GSLs) greatly lower the nutritional value of rapeseed (Brassica napus) meal; thus, reduction of seed GSL content (SGC) has become an important objective of rapeseed breeding. In our previous study, we finely mapped a major QTL (qGSL-C2) for SGC to a 49-kb collinear region on B. rapa chromosome A2. Here, we experimentally validated that BnaC2.MYB28, encoding an R2R3-MYB transcription factor, is the causal gene of qGSL-C2. BnaC2.MYB28 is a nucleus-localized protein mainly expressed in vegetative tissues. Knockout of BnaC2.MYB28 in the high-SGC parent G120 reduced SGC to a value lower than that in the low-SGC parent ZY50, while overexpression of BnaC2.MYB28 in both parental lines (G120 and ZY50) led to extremely high SGC, indicating that BnaC2.MYB28 acts as a positive regulator of SGC in both parents. Molecular characterization revealed that BnaC2.MYB28 forms a homodimer and specifically interacts with BnaMYC3. Moreover, BnaC2.MYB28 can directly activate the expression of GSL biosynthesis genes. Differential expression abundance resulting from the polymorphic promoter sequences, in combination with the different capability in activating downstream genes involved in aliphatic GSL biosynthesis, caused the functional divergence of BnaC2.MYB28 in SGC regulation between the parents. Natural variation of BnaC2.MYB28 was highly associated with SGC in natural germplasm and has undergone artificial selection in modern low-GSL breeding. This study provides important insights into the core function of BnaC2.MYB28 in regulating SGC and a promising strategy for manipulating SGC in rapeseed.
Long-term and short-term preservation strategies for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine products: state of the art and emerging trends
Authors: Freitas-Ribeiro Sara , Reis Rui L , Pirraco Rogério P 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
There is an ever-growing need of human tissues and organs for transplantation. However, the availability of such tissues and organs is insufficient by a large margin, which is a huge medical and societal problem. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) represent potential solutions to this issue and have therefore been attracting increased interest from researchers and clinicians alike. But the successful large-scale clinical deployment of TERM products critically depends on the development of efficient preservation methodologies. The existing preservation approaches such as slow freezing, vitrification, dry state preservation, and hypothermic and normothermic storage all have issues that somehow limit the biomedical applications of TERM products. In this review, the principles and application of these approaches will be summarized, highlighting their advantages and limitations in the context of TERM products preservation.
Instanton effects on electromagnetic transitions of charmonia
Authors: Hong Ki-Hoon , Kim Hyun-Chul , Yakhshiev Ulugbek 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We investigate the mass spectrum and electromagnetic transitions of charmonia, emphasizing the instanton effects on them. The heavy-quark potential consists of a Coulomb-like potential from one-gluon exchange and a linear confining potential. We introduce the nonperturbative heavy-quark potential derived from the instanton vacuum. We also consider the screened confining potential, which better describes the electromagnetic decays of higher excited states. Using this improved heavy-quark potential, we compute the mass spectrum and electromagnetic decays of charmonia. Focusing on the instanton effects, we discuss the results compared with the experimental data and those from other works. The instanton effects are marginal on the electromagnetic decays of charmonia.
Valuations of diversity: the role of marquee quotas in creative industries
Authors: de Laat Kim , Stuart Alanna 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This article examines how creative industry workers engage with diversity, absent a formal organizational mandate to do so. Through in-depth interviews with independent music industry personnel (N = 50), the article identifies how marquee quotas—racially diverse representation on rosters and festival bills—are used to pursue and implement diversity. Such quotas are justified via four distinct valuations of diversity: aesthetic, economic, reputational and moral. Both people of colour and white participants justify the importance of diversity on moralistic grounds. By contrast, white participants more often justify the value of diversity by making claims about the aesthetic, economic and reputational benefits of marquee quotas. The deployment of these more self-serving valuations has consequences for the extent to which people of colour can feel authentically included. The analysis contributes to critiques of the socio-economic role and consequences of diversity valuations, within the context of a creative industry.
Impact of a Nurse-Driven Patient Empowerment Intervention on the Reduction in Patients’ Anxiety and Depression During ICU Discharge: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Cuzco Cecilia , Castro Pedro , Marín Pérez Raquel , Ruiz García Samuel , Núñez Delgado Ana I. , Romero García Marta , Martínez Momblan M. Antonia , Benito Aracil Llucia , Carmona Delgado Inmaculada , Canalias Reverter Montse , Nicolás José M. , Martínez Estalella Gemma , Delgado-Hito Pilar 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVES:
To assess the impact of a nurse-driven patient empowerment intervention on anxiety and depression of patients during ICU discharge.

DESIGN:
A prospective, multicenter, randomized clinical trial.

SETTING:
Three ICUs (1 medical, 1 medical and surgical, and 1 coronary) of three tertiary hospitals.

PATIENTS:
Adults admitted to the ICU greater than 18 years old for greater than or equal to 48 hours with preserved consciousness, the ability to communicate and without delirium, who were randomized to receive the nurse-driven patient empowerment intervention (NEI) (intervention group [IG] or standard of care [control group (CG)]) before ICU discharge.

INTERVENTION:
The NEI consisted of an individualized intervention with written information booklets, combined with verbal information, mainly about the ICU process and transition to the ward, aimed at empowering patients in the transition process from the ICU to the general ward.

MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS:
Patients completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale before and after (up to 1 wk) ICU discharge. IG (n = 91) and CG (n = 87) patients had similar baseline characteristics. The NEI was associated with a significant reduction in anxiety and depression (p < 0.001) and the presence of depression (p = 0.006). Patients with comorbidities and those without family or friends had greater reductions in anxiety and depression after the NEI. After the intervention, women and persons with higher education levels had lower negative outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS:
We found that a NEI before ICU discharge can decrease anxiety and depression in critically ill survivors. The long-term effect of this intervention should be assessed in future trials.

TRIAL REGISTRATION:
NCT04527627 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04527627).
New vector and vaccine platforms: mRNA, DNA, viral vectors
Authors: Hanke Tomáš 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to share the excitement of new developments in the field of vaccine vector modalities against infectious diseases. The focus is on HIV-1/AIDS with reference to the most successful as well as currently tested COVID-19 vaccines, and human trials, which best inform iterative vaccine improvements.

Recent findings
Several genetic subunit vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 demonstrated protection against severe disease, obtained Emergency Use Authorization and scaled their production to billions of doses. Many more are in efficacy evaluation. In contrast, development of HIV-1 vaccines has been extremely difficult. Perseverance of scientists is deepening our understanding of what constitutes immunity against HIV-1 infection and how to achieve protective levels of relevant responses by active immunization, passive administration or a combination of both. Novel platforms led by RNA play a pivotal role. However, a difficult virus may require a complex approach. Proof of concept for HIV-1 prevention and cure might be at reach, and when it arrives, it will be a great and needed encouragement to the field.

Summary
Despite the enormous success of drug treatment, vaccines remain the best solution and likely a necessary component of any package that truly ends the AIDS epidemic.
Dual Innervation in Anterolateral Thigh (ALT) Phalloplasty: Consider the Femoral Perforating Nerves
Authors: Aryanpour Zain , Skelton Hales , Shepard Elizabeth , Peters Blair R. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Sensation following anterolateral thigh (ALT) phalloplasty is traditionally viewed as inferior to sensation following radial forearm phalloplasty, potentially due to fewer nerve coaptations performed. Neural anatomy of the ALT is well described, with branches of the femoral nerve innervating the medial flap. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to these nerves as a potential source of additional coaptation in ALT phalloplasty allowing for dual flap innervation.

Methods:
A PRISMA literature review was conducted to assess nerve coaptations used in ALT phalloplasty. Anatomic location and territory of the nerves of the thigh in ALT phalloplasty cases are reviewed.

Results:
Seventeen articles discuss ALT phalloplasty innervation, and 16 mention the use of only one nerve coaptation with the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. In our experience performing ALT phalloplasty, perforating branch(es) of the femoral nerve are the first nerve(s) encountered on the medial border of the ALT flap lying on the fascia over the sartorius. With a flap design where the urethra is based laterally, the femoral perforating nerves can innervate a significant portion of the phallic shaft (medial flap), where sensation is most desired.

Conclusions:
It is common practice to perform only one nerve coaptation in ALT phalloplasty with the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. However, perforating branches of the femoral nerve consistently innervate medial skin of the ALT. The authors propose that the femoral perforating nerves, when present, can be used as additional nerves for coaptation in ALT phalloplasty to allow for dual innervation.
The past and future of transient receptor potential: A scientometric analysis
Authors: Jiang Nan , Pan Ciming , Zhang Shuhan , Cheng Bin , Dong Changwu 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Thermoreceptors include TRPV1 and TRPM8. TRPV1 and TRPM8 are TRP channels. TRP ion channels are widely expressed in many different tissues and cell types, and are involved in different physiological processes. Research on the structure and basic physiological functions of TRPV1 is relatively perfect, and the relationship between the pathogenesis of other members of the TRP family and specific diseases and TRPV1 remains to be explored in depth.

Methods:
Articles regarding TRP were culled from the Web of Science Core Collection, and knowledge maps were generated using the CiteSpace software.

Results:
In total, 19,862 articles were included. The number of published articles on this topic has rapidly increased since 2000, with more than 1000 articles published per year by 2020. MAKOTO TOMINAGA was the author with the most articles. The countries with the most articles were the United States and China. However, the number of articles in the U.S. was 3 times that in China. The organizations that publish the most articles are Harvard University in the US and Seoul Natl University in South Korea. TRP and the pathogenesis of diseases, such as neuropathy and stroke, are hotspots of current research.

Conclusion:
To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide an overview of the literature on TRP. Research on TRPs is developing rapidly.
Comparison of unilateral biportal endoscopic discectomy versus percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ma Xu , Li Wenyi , Gao Shangju , Cao Can , Li Chuntao , He Liang , Li Meng 
Published: September 2022

Background:
The purpose of this study was to analyze unilateral biportal endoscopic discectomy (UBE) and percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation.

Methods:
PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Database, CNKI, and Wanfang databases were searched online. All statistical analyses were performed using STATA 16.0.

Results:
The selection criteria were met by 6 studies with a total of 281 patients (142 cases in the UBE group and 139 cases in the PELD group) and good methodological quality. PELD has the potential to improve outcomes such as operation time and intraoperative hemorrhage (MD = 36.808, 95% CI (23.766, 49.850), P = .000; MD = 59.269, 95% CI (21.527, 97.010), P = .000) compared with UBE. No differences were found in the back pain VAS score at preoperative (MD = −0.024, 95% CI [−0.572, 0.092], P = .998), at 1 day after operation (MD = −0.300, 95% CI [−0.845, 0.246], P = .878), the VAS score of leg pain at preoperative (MD = −0.099, 95% CI [−0.417, 0.220], P = .762), at 1 day after operation (MD = 0.843, 95% CI [0.193, 1.492], P = .420), at 1 month after operation (MD = −0.027, 95% CI [−0.433, 0.380], P = .386), at 6 months after operation (MD = 0.122, 95% CI [−0.035, 0.278], P = .946), hospital stay (MD = 3.708, 95% CI [3.202, 4.214], P = .000) and other clinical effects between UBE and PELD group.

Conclusions:
There are no significant differences in clinical efficacy between UBE and PELD, according to the research. However, PELD has the potential to improve outcomes such as operation time and intraoperative hemorrhage. As just a result, PELD is better suited in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation.
Evaluation of temperature of a full ceramic total knee arthroplasty during MRI examinations
Authors: Trieb Klemens , Artmann Andreas , Krupa Michael , Senck Sasch , Landauer Franz 
Published: September 2022

Background:
A diagnosis by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often necessary before surgery of degenerative spine diseases. This can lead to a possible conflict with an inserted implant of the hip or knee. Heat generation or movement could be caused by the magnetic field. The aim of this study is to investigate temperature development in vitro in a 1.5T MRI of a ceramic knee arthroplasty.

Methods:
A full ceramic, complete metal-free non-constrained primary total knee arthroplasty is investigated. Temperature change was measured between platinum resistors before and after each MRI sequence by change of resistance. The knee implant was placed in a plastic container after the sensors were attached. Then the container was completely filled with ultrasound gel. To document any possible movement of the implant, a grid was placed under the container to document the position of the implant before and after the scans.

Results:
A total of four standard knee sequences were performed. The temperature at sites 1 to 5 per implant was always documented in the as-is state before MRI and then after each sequence. A total of 5 temperature measurement points were taken per implant. It was found that there were extremely small temperature variations. These were always in the range of less than 1°C. There was no case of movement of the implant triggered by the MRI scan.

Conclusions:
The experimental investigations carried out here showed homogeneous results with this experimental setup. It is concluded that, at least in vitro, that this ceramic knee implant can be used in MRI examinations without heating or movement.
Efficacy and toxicity of carfilzomib- or bortezomib-based regimens for treatment of transplant-ineligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: A meta-analysis
Authors: Xie Chunhong , Wei Min , Yang Feiyan , Liu Qin , Wu Fuzhen , Huang Jinxiong 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Multiple myeloma is a clonal disorder of malignant plasma cells that comprises approximately 10% of hematologic malignancies. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and toxicity of carfilzomib- or bortezomib-based regimens for treatment of transplant-ineligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma by performing a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods:
Data mining was conducted in March 2022 across PubMed, EMBASE and ClinicalTrials.gov. All published RCTs which assessed efficacy and toxicity of carfilzomib-based regimens treatment for transplant-ineligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma when compared with a bortezomib-based regimens were included.

Results:
Our meta-analysis showed that the overall response rate (ORR) (Odds ratio = 1.33, 95% CI 1.05–1.69, P = .02) was significantly higher in the carfilzomib-based regimens group than in the bortezomib-based regimens group. However, the difference in ORR did not translate into improvements in progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and complete response rate (CRR). Adverse events of grade 3 or worse that occurred with a higher incidence in the carfilzomib-based regimens group compared with the bortezomib-based regimens group were dyspnea, hypertension, acute kidney injury, and heart failure.

Conclusions:
The carfilzomib-based regimens did not improve PFS, OS and CRR compared with the bortezomib-based regimens in transplant-ineligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, and they showed higher toxicity.