bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional renormalization group for multilinear disordered Langevin dynamics I Formalism and first numerical investigations at equilibrium
Authors: Lahoche Vincent , Ousmane Samary Dine , Ouerfelli Mohamed 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper aims at using the functional renormalization group formalism to study the equilibrium states of a stochastic process described by a quench–disordered multilinear Langevin equation. Such an equation characterizes the evolution of a time-dependent N-vector q(t) = {q
1(t), ⋯ q

N
(t)} and is traditionally encountered in the dynamical description of glassy systems at and out of equilibrium through the so-called Glauber model. From the connection between Langevin dynamics and quantum mechanics in imaginary time, we are able to coarse-grain the path integral of the problem in the Fourier modes, and to construct a renormalization group flow for effective Euclidean action. In the large N-limit we are able to solve the flow equations for both matrix and tensor disorder. The numerical solutions of the resulting exact flow equations are then investigated using standard local potential approximation, taking into account the quench disorder. In the case where the interaction is taken to be matricial, for finite N the flow equations are also solved. However, the case of finite N and taking into account the non-equilibrum process will be considered in a companion investigation.
Benefits and safety of landiolol for rapid rate control in patients with atrial tachyarrhythmias and acute decompensated heart failure
Authors: Shiga Tsuyoshi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Atrial tachyarrhythmias often occur in patients with worsening heart failure (HF), and the development of atrial tachyarrhythmias in acute decompensated HF (ADHF) causes an uncontrolled heart rate (HR) and leads to further exacerbation of HF and persistence of a decompensated HF state. Landiolol, a short-acting intravenous beta-1 blocker, shows very high cardiac beta-1 selectivity and has a very short elimination half-life of approximately 4 min. As shown in several reports, the benefit of intravenous landiolol is that it lowers the ventricular rate early after the start of use without markedly deteriorating haemodynamics. After the cardiac status is stabilized by rapid control of HR, subsequent basic HF pharmacotherapy and rhythm control therapies will be effective for improving outcomes. Because of the pharmacokinetic properties of landiolol, if the patient suffers an adverse reaction such as hypotension or bradycardia, such effects can be quickly reversed by tapering the dose or discontinuing use altogether. Based on several clinical studies, this review discusses the efficacy, safety and role of intravenous landiolol in acute HR control in patients with atrial tachyarrhythmias and ADHF.
Continuing Education Courses for Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapists in the United States Often Lack Supporting Evidence: A Review of Available Intervention Courses
Authors: Peterson Seth , Weible Kirstin , Halpert Brett , Rhon Daniel I 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study was to characterize the extent to which orthopedic and sports-related continuing education course descriptions approved for physical therapists in the United States taught interventions supported by evidence.

Methods
A review was conducted of courses available on CEU Locker from January through December 2020, estimated to represent most courses nationally available to physical therapists. This review focused specifically on courses teaching interventions for musculoskeletal conditions in adults. Specifically, courses for orthopedic and sports populations were identified. All course information was extracted, including the intervention name, course description, and target audience. Finally, clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and systematic reviews with at least moderate-level evidence published through May 1, 2021, were searched to determine if treatments were recommended or not recommended, or if no evidence existed.

Results
The review identified 2406 available courses extracted from the database. After excluding courses that did not meet inclusion criteria, duplicates, and those with incomplete or inadequate information, the final number was 319. Most courses (52.7%, n = 168) taught interventions not supported by a CPG or systematic review. Approximately one-third of courses (34.2%, n = 109) taught interventions that were recommended by a CPG. Many courses were targeted to multiple disciplines (38.9%, n = 124), whereas 89 (27.9%) were specifically for physical therapists, physical therapist assistants, or both. The specific target was unclear for 106 (33.2%) courses. Courses usually focused on multiple body regions, and exercise was the most included intervention. Soft-skill courses were the most supported by evidence (82.9%, n = 29), whereas those teaching modalities were the least supported (30.5%, n = 29).

Conclusion
Fewer than one-half of courses that focused on management of musculoskeletal disorders taught interventions supported by a CPG or systematic review, and course descriptions often misrepresented the current state of evidence. Courses required for licensure renewal might not be meeting the intended goal of keeping clinicians current with new and emerging research.

Impact
Relatively few continuing education courses on orthopedic and sports-related physical therapist interventions are based on evidence provided by CPGs or systematic reviews, and some continuing education options required for physical therapists to meet annual licensure renewal requirements might not be keeping therapists current with the latest evidence. This study provides data that can facilitate candid dialog within the profession about potential solutions.
Religion, Spirituality, and Ethics in Psychiatric Practice
Authors: Dike Charles C. , Briz Laura , Fadus Matthew , Martinez Richard , May Catherine , Milone Richard , Nesbit-Bartsch Ariana , Powell Tia , Witmer Ashley , Brendel Rebecca Weintraub 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The interface of religion, spirituality, and psychiatric practice has long been of interest to the ethical psychiatrist. Some prominent early psychotherapists had a strained relationship with religion and spirituality. They posited that religion and spirituality were forms of mental illness, which discouraged the discussion of these values during treatment despite the fact that many patients subscribed to a religious or spiritual viewpoint. Contrarily, others supported a harmonious relationship with religion and spirituality and served as trailblazers for the incorporation of religion and spirituality into psychiatric treatment.
As the field of psychiatry continues to evolve, additional dimensions of the relationship between religion, spirituality, and psychiatric practice must be explored. Today, many modern psychiatrists appreciate the importance of incorporating religion and spirituality into treatment, but questions such as whether it is ethical to practice psychiatry from a particular religious or spiritual viewpoint or for psychiatrists to advertise that they subscribe to a particular religion or spirituality and to engage in religious or spiritual practices with their patients remain nuanced and complex. In this resource document, the authors put forth and examine the ramifications of a bio-psycho-social-religious/spiritual model for psychological development and functioning, with this fourth dimension shifting the focus from symptom reduction alone to include other aspects of human flourishing such as resilience, meaning-making, and hope.
Theoretical perspectives on non-Born–Oppenheimer effects in chemistry
Authors: Hammes-Schiffer Sharon 
Published: March 2022

The Born–Oppenheimer approximation, which assumes that the electrons respond instantaneously to the motion of the nuclei, breaks down for a wide range of chemical and biological processes. The rate constants of such nonadiabatic processes can be calculated using analytical theories, and the real-time nonequilibrium dynamics can be described using numerical atomistic simulations. The selection of an approach depends on the desired balance between accuracy and efficiency. The computational expense of generating potential energy surfaces on-the-fly often favours the use of approximate, robust and efficient methods such as trajectory surface hopping for large, complex systems. The development of formally exact non-Born–Oppenheimer methods and the exploration of well-defined approximations to such methods are critical for providing benchmarks and preparing for the next generation of faster computers. Thus, the parallel development of rigorous but computationally expensive methods and more approximate but computationally efficient methods is optimal. This Perspective briefly summarizes the available theoretical and computational non-Born–Oppenheimer methods and presents examples illustrating how analytical theories and nonadiabatic dynamics simulations can elucidate the fundamental principles of chemical and biological processes. These examples also highlight how theoretical calculations are able to guide the interpretation of experimental data and provide experimentally testable predictions for nonadiabatic processes.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Chemistry without the Born–Oppenheimer approximation’.
Sampling effects in quantum mechanical/molecular mechanics trajectory surface hopping non-adiabatic dynamics
Authors: Avagliano Davide , Lorini Emilio , González Leticia 
Published: March 2022

The impact of different initial conditions in non-adiabatic trajectory surface hopping dynamics within a hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanics scheme is investigated. The influence of a quantum sampling, based on a Wigner distribution, a fully thermal sampling, based on classical molecular dynamics, and a quantum sampled system, but thermally equilibrated with the environment, is investigated on the relaxation dynamics of solvated fulvene after light irradiation. We find that the decay from the first singlet excited state to the ground state shows high dependency on the initial condition and simulation parameters. The three sampling methods lead to different distributions of initial geometries and momenta, which then affect the fate of the excited state dynamics. We evaluated both the effect of sampling geometries and momenta, analysing how the ultrafast decay of fulvene changes accordingly. The results are expected to be of interest to decide how to initialize non-adiabatic dynamics in the presence of the environment.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Chemistry without the Born–Oppenheimer approximation’.
Geometric energy transfer in two-component systems
Authors: Requist Ryan , Li Chen , Gross Eberhard K. U. 
Published: March 2022

Factoring a wave function into marginal and conditional factors partitions the subsystem kinetic energy into two terms. The first depends solely on the marginal wave function, through its gauge-covariant derivative, while the second depends on the quantum metric of the conditional wave function over the manifold of marginal variables. We derive an identity for the rate of change of the second term.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Chemistry without the Born–Oppenheimer approximation’.
Assessing the efficacy of employee training and internal control system on financial management of small and medium scale enterprises in Nigeria
Authors: Oyelakin Oyekunle , Abdullahi Aliyu 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThe study assesses the efficacy of employee training and internal control system on financial management of small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) in Abuja.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted a quantitative approach using a structured questionnaire to sample respondents selected through stratified proportionate sampling, data were collected from managers/owners of SMEs in Abuja.FindingsThe result shows that employee training, control environment, information and communication and risk assessment have a significant and positive effect on financial management of SMEs. Control activities have a positive and insignificant effect on financial management of SMEs while monitoring activities has a negative and significant effect on financial management of SMEs.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study will assist government and owner/managers to identify strategies relevant to SMEs financial management. More importantly, the empirical shreds of evidence revealed that employee training needs to be employed by SMEs' owners/managers to integrate, build, modify and reconfigure their internal control system towards achieving effective financial management.Originality/valueCurrently, no study has been found in the literature, which had been conducted on the relationships between these predictors (employee training and internal control system) on SMEs financial management. Similarly, no study has been conducted on the effects of an internal control system using the five dimensions of committee of sponsoring organization (COSO) altogether on financial management based on the currently available literature. Precisely, the study is designed to fill the aforementioned gaps.
A framework for assessing quality of tender documents
Authors: Govender Neil , Laryea Samuel , Watermeyer Ron 
Published: March 2022

PurposeSeveral researchers in the construction industry have mentioned that quality of tender documents is declining without tangibly assessing quality. Similarly, in practice, no standardised instrument exists to assess tender document quality. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to develop a framework to assess the quality of tender documents produced by built environment professionals in the construction industry. A framework was chosen to address the gaps in theory and practice as it provides a flexible but structured mechanism to assess tender document quality.Design/methodology/approachThe research methodology contained three stages, namely: multi-investigator triangulation, a workshop with infrastructure experts and framework development and validation. A consolidated list of key quality indicators was developed following the literature review and multi-investigator triangulation. The indicators were discussed with ten experts in the South African construction industry, who were responsible for validating and providing insight on whether additional indicators were required. This informed development of the framework.FindingsThis paper proposes a framework to assess tender document quality by evaluating six key quality indicators namely: accuracy, clarity, completeness, standardisation, relevance and certainty.Research limitations/implicationsThe framework is limited to the assessment of tender document quality in the construction industry and is suited to the “Design by Employer” contracting strategy. From an academic perspective, this paper provides researchers with a framework to measure and benchmark quality of tender documents in future studies.Practical implicationsThis framework can be used by clients to continuously assess and benchmark quality of tender documents produced by professionals.Originality/valueA comprehensive and standardised approach to assess tender document quality was not available in the construction literature or the construction industry. Therefore, this paper addressed this gap in knowledge, by providing consumers (clients and contractors) of tender documents and researchers a mechanism to assess quality.
Resource renewal in heavy business networks: the case of Modvion starting up in the Swedish wind energy context
Authors: Landqvist Maria , Lind Frida 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
Taking the perspective of a start-up company, the purpose of this paper is to analyse resource renewal in heavy business networks.

Design/methodology/approach
The theoretical framework is based on the Industrial Network Approach and, especially, the resource interaction framework, business network settings and studies of starting up in business networks. The basis for the paper is a case study of a start-up in the Swedish wind energy context.

Findings
Resource renewal in this case means replacing one resource, having implications for the resource interfaces in the three business network settings.

Research limitations/implications
The paper contributes to the area of studies of starting up in business networks by identifying a distinct form of resource renewal in heavy business networks enabled by development of resource interfaces in three business network settings.

Practical implications
Managers in start-ups as well as established firms need to interact to create and develop the resource interfaces that are needed to achieve resource renewal. Resource renewal not only is in the hands of start-ups but also requires interactive resource development with various collaboration partners.

Originality/value
This study takes a start-up’s perspective to resource renewal of heavy business networks and analyses heaviness based on resource interfaces in three business network settings.
River networks: An analysis of simulating algorithms and graph metrics used to quantify topology
Authors: Lee Finnbar , Simon Kevin S. , Perry George L. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

River networks are frequently simulated for use in the development and testing of ecological theory. Currently, two main algorithms are used, stochastic branching networks (SBNs) and optimal channel networks (OCNs). The topology of these simulated networks and ‘real’ rivers is often quantified using graph theoretic metrics; however, to date, there has not been a comprehensive analysis of how these algorithms compare regarding graph theoretic metrics, or an analysis of metric redundancy and variability across dendritic ecological networks. We aim to provide guidance as to which algorithm and metrics should be used, and under what circumstances.

We performed an extensive simulation study in which we (a) identified orthogonal sets of metrics that describe the topology of real and simulated river networks, (b) analysed the relationship between algorithm hyper‐parameters and node topology metrics, (c) determined whether simulated and real rivers are indistinguishable in their graph metric scores and (d) examined how patterns of species abundances compare across the three network types.

We identified two orthogonal sets of node metrics; those that describe centrality and those that describe neighbourhood characteristics. Both stochastic branching networks and optimal channel networks can reproduce network topology metric scores of real rivers, but this relationship is dependent on the algorithm hyper‐parameters used. Finally, using a metapopulation model, we show that both SBNs and OCNs can reproduce ecological patterns of species abundances similar to those of real rivers.

SBNs and OCNs can replicate the node topology of real rivers. The choice of which algorithm to use will depend on the research aims, SBNs are faster to generate and more tractable, whereas OCNs can reproduce a wider variety of the characteristics of real rivers, but are more time‐consuming to generate. When quantifying node topology in river networks, we recommend the orthogonal node metrics eccentricity, when interested in network centrality, and mean neighbour degree, when interested in local node importance.
Automatic segmentation of intraocular lens, the retrolental space and Berger's space using deep learning
Authors: Schwarzenbacher Luca , Seeböck Philipp , Schartmüller Daniel , Leydolt Christina , Menapace Rupert , Schmidt‐Erfurth Ursula 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeTo develop and validate a deep learning model to automatically segment three structures using an anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT): The intraocular lens (IOL), the retrolental space (IOL to the posterior lens capsule) and Berger's space (BS; posterior capsule to the anterior hyaloid membrane).MethodsAn artificial intelligence (AI) approach based on a deep learning model to automatically segment the IOL, the retrolental space, and BS in AS‐OCT, was trained using annotations from an experienced clinician. The training, validation and test set consisted of 92 cross‐sectional OCT slices, acquired in 47 visits from 41 eyes. Annotations from a second experienced clinician in the test set were additionally evaluated to conduct an inter‐reader variability analysis.ResultsThe AI model achieved a Precision/Recall/Dice score of 0.97/0.90/0.93 for IOL, 0.54/0.65/0.55 for retrolental space, and 0.72/0.58/0.59 for BS. For inter‐reader variability, Precision/Recall/Dice values were 0.98/0.98/0.98 for IOL, 0.74/0.59/0.62 for retrolental space, and 0.58/0.57/0.57 for BS. No statistical differences were observed between the automated algorithm and the inter‐reader variability for BS segmentation.ConclusionThe deep learning model allows for fully automatic segmentation of all investigated structures, achieving human‐level performance in BS segmentation. We, therefore, expect promising applications of the algorithm with particular interest in BS in automated big data analysis and real‐time intra‐operative support in ophthalmology, particularly in conjunction with primary posterior capsulotomy in femtosecond laser‐assisted cataract surgery.
The end of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Ioannidis John P. A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThere are no widely accepted, quantitative definitions for the end of a pandemic such as COVID‐19. The end of the pandemic due to a new virus and the transition to endemicity may be defined based on a high proportion of the global population having some immunity from natural infection or vaccination. Other considerations include diminished death toll, diminished pressure on health systems, reduced actual and perceived personal risk, removal of restrictive measures and diminished public attention. A threshold of 70% of the global population having being vaccinated or infected was probably already reached in the second half of 2021. Endemicity may still show major spikes of infections and seasonality, but typically less clinical burden, although some locations are still hit more than others. Death toll and ICU occupancy figures are also consistent with a transition to endemicity by end 2021/early 2022. Personal risk of the vast majority of the global population was already very small by end 2021, but perceived risk may still be grossly overestimated. Restrictive measures of high stringency have persisted in many countries by early 2022. The gargantuan attention in news media, social media and even scientific circles should be tempered. Public health officials need to declare the end of the pandemic. Mid‐ and long‐term consequences of epidemic waves and of adopted measures on health, society, economy, civilization and democracy may perpetuate a pandemic legacy long after the pandemic itself has ended.