bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemically-adhesive particles form stronger and stiffer magnetorheological fluids
Authors: Rendos Abigail , Yee Daryl W , Macfarlane Robert J , Brown Keith A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Magnetorheological fluids (MRFs) are suspensions of magnetic particles that solidify in the presence of a magnetic field due to the particles forming chains along field lines. The magnetic forces between particles dominate the solidification process and determine the yield stress of the resulting solid. Here, we investigate how reversible chemical links between particles influence MRF behavior in terms of their yield stress and stiffness through rheological testing in flow and oscillation mode. Initially, we functionalize particles with phosphonate groups that are expected to link through hydrogen bonding and find that this MRF exhibits up to 40% higher yield stress and 100% higher stiffness than an MRF composed of unfunctionalized particles. To explain this change, we model the chemical attraction as an adhesion that supplements dipole–dipole interactions between particles. Interestingly, we find that the increase in yield stress is largest for dilute suspensions that are expected to solidify into isolated chains, while the proportional increase in yield stress is less for MRF with higher concentrations. This is explained by the higher concentration MRF forming a body-centered tetragonal lattice in which interparticle adhesion forces are no longer aligned with the applied field. To explore the possibility of dynamically tuning interparticle interactions, we functionalize particles with polystyrene polymers with thymine terminal groups that will only exhibit interparticle hydrogen bonding in the presence of a small linking molecule, namely melamine. We find that MRF formed with these particles also exhibit up to a 40% increase in yield stress and ∼100% increase in stiffness for the polymer grafted particles in the presence of melamine, due to the formation of hydrogen bonding linkages between the thymine and melamine groups. In addition to confirming the role of hydrogen bonding in increasing MRF stiffness and yield stress, these results highlight the possibility of dynamically tuning MRF performance using magnetic fields and chemical modifications.
The effective hydrodynamic radius in the Stokes–Einstein relation is not a constant
Authors: Ren Gan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Variants based on the assumption of effective hydrodynamic radius being a constant are usually adopted to test the Stokes–Einstein (SE) relation. The rationality of the assumption is examined by performing molecular dynamics simulations with the truncated Lennard-Jones-like (TLJ) model, Kob–Andersen model and ortho-terphenyl (OTP) model. The results indicate the assumption is generally not established except for special case. The effective hydrodynamic radius is observed to increase with decreasing temperature for TLJ model but is decreased for Kob–Andersen and OTP model; and which is almost a constant for TLJ particle with enough rigidity. The variant of SE relation

D
∼

T
/
η

is invalid for the three models except for the TLJ particle with enough rigidity. We propose similar inconsistency may be also existed in other liquids and the assumption should be critically evaluated when adopted to test the SE relation.
Threshold voltage reliability in flexible amorphous In–Ga–ZnO TFTs under simultaneous electrical and mechanical stress
Authors: Toledo Pablo , Hernandez-Pichardo Martha Leticia , Garduño Salvador Ivan , Hernandez-Lopez Jose Luis , Hernandez-Cuevas Francisco , Hernandez-Como Norberto 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Flexible amorphous In–Ga–ZnO (a-IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs) have been successfully demonstrated on 50 µm thick freestanding polyimide (PI) with µ
sat around 10 cm2 V−1 s−1. In the literature, common characterization of flexible TFTs consist of measuring their electrical response at different bending radius or under positive and negative gate bias stress (PBS and NBS). However, there are few studies where the flexible TFTs have been measured with a simultaneous mechanical and electrical stress. In this work, simultaneous testing under electrical and mechanical stress were carried out with a gate bias stress voltage of ±6 V during 3600 s, and with a tensile bending radius of 1, 2 and 4 mm. a-IGZO TFTs bottom gate-top contacts were fabricated on commercial Kapton HN PI by a complete photolithography process. All the PBS and NBS characteristics presented an abnormal threshold voltage left shift which was mainly explained by the adsorption/desorption of water molecules at the back channel. This V
th shift was modeled with the stretched exponential equation. Analyzed TFTs were stable under simultaneous stress until a 4 mm bending radius with electrical parameters V
th, subthreshold slope, µ
sat and I
on/I
off in the order of 0.7 V, 340 mV dec−1, 6 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 5 × 108, respectively.
State equations and tensors symmetry of non-linear piezoelectric materials
Authors: Jaramillo Alvarado A F , Torres Jacome A , De la Hidalga-W F J , Rosales-Quintero P , Ponce Arturo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The linear behavior of piezoelectric materials is well known from a century ago, but also, the non-linear behavior for these material have found a novel way of applications. Currently, the new technologies as the fifth generation of telecommunications (5G) and Internet of Things (IoT) are demanding high requirements for the performance of the devices operating under these technologies e.g. high quality factor, high thermal efficiency and device fabrication compatibility with the standard fabrication processes for integrated circuits as CMOS, FD-SOI and FinFET. In this work, the non-linear state equations for piezoelectric effect in stress-charge formulation, the transformations laws and the high order tensors structures are presented, in order to allow an easy way to implement it on FEM simulation software. The non-linear behavior of piezoelectric materials is discussed, and taking into account the analysis done in this work, three ways to implement nonlinear effects to design tunable piezoelectric devices for 5G and IoT applications are presented.
C8 THE CEREBRAL PERFORMANCE CATEGORY IN THE DECISION–MAKING PROCESS OF IMPLANTING AN ICD IN OUT–OF–HOSPITAL CARDIAC ARREST SURVIVORS WITH BAD NEUROLOGICAL OUTCOME
Authors: Compagnoni S , Baldi E , Primi R , Gentile F , Bendotti S , Currao A , Bertona R , Buratti S , Raimondi Cominesi I , Taravelli E , Fava C , Moschini L , Savastano S 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
According to the European Society of Cardiology guidelines secondary prevention ICD implantation is a class I indication only for those patients with an estimated survival &gt; 1 year with a good functional status. However, it is not specified how to assess the functional status and its evaluation could be quite difficult in the case of out–of–hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors with major neurological outcomes. Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) is the most widespread scale to define the neurological and functional outcome of OHCA survivors, but it is not known if it can be used to guide ICD implantation.

Objective
To evaluate whether the presence of a bad neurological outcome (CPC &gt; 2) at discharged could be used as a prognostic index in order to evaluate the implantation of an ICD in OHCA survivors. Materials and Methods. We considered all the patients who had a cardiac arrest from 01/10/2014 to 30/09/2019 presenting a CPC&gt; 2 at discharge. The territory included was that of the Province of Pavia (550000 inhabitants) from 2014 to 2018 and of the Provinces of Pavia, Lodi, Cremona and Mantua (1550000 inhabitants) from 2019. We assessed the survival and the neurological status variation at 1–year.

Results
In the study period, CPR was attempted in 2998 confirmed OHCAs. 227 patients (7.6%) were discharged alive and in 218 of these, CPC was available. 51 patients (23.4%) had a CPC&gt;2 at discharge (22 CPC = 3, 24 CPC = 4 and 5 CPC = A). 1–year follow–up was available in 200 patients: among 158 alive, 12 (7.6%) had CPC&gt;2 (7 CPC = 3 and 5 CPC = 4). 1–year survival of patients with CPC&gt;2 at discharge was significantly lower those discharged with CPC≤2 (39.6% vs 91.6% p &lt; 0.001). Only 19/48 patients discharged with CPC&gt;2 survived at 1 year: a good cerebral performance was recovered in 6 patients (31.6%), while CPC&gt;2 persisted in 11 (58%) and the CPC value was unknown in 2 of them.

Conclusions
Our results highlight that 1–year survival is quite low in patients with CPC&gt;2 at discharge and that an improvement in cerebral performance occurs only in a minority of them. This evidence suggests the need for clinical re–evaluation after the event in order to carefully evaluate whether to implant an ICD in this kind of patients.
C9 SUBCUTANEOUS IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER DEFIBRILLATOR IN PATIENTS WITH LOW BMI: REAL–WORLD DATA FROM A EUROPEAN MULTICENTER ANALYSIS
Authors: Schiavone M , Gasperetti A , Vogler J , Mitacchione G , Gulletta S , Palmisano P , Breitenstein A , Laredo M , Compagnucci P , Angeletti A , Kaiser L , Hakmi S , Russo G , Ricciardi D , De Bonis S , Arosio R , Casella M , Santini L , Pignalberi C , Piro A , Lavalle C , Pisanò E , Denora M , Viecca M , Curnis A , Badenco N , Dello Russo A , Tondo C , Kuschyk J , Della Bella P , Tilz R , Biffi M , Forleo G 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
One of the current limitations of the S–ICD is the relatively large size of the generator compared to the TV (transvenous) ICD. There is little evidence whether the size of the current S–ICD generator is associated with an elevated risk of device–related complications in patients with a low body mass index (BMI).

Purpose
Aim of this study was to compare the device–related complications and long–term outcomes in a large real world cohort of S–ICD recipients in patients with a BMI &lt;18 kg/m2 compared to patients with a BMI &gt;18 kg/m2.

Methods
All consecutive patients meeting current guideline indications for ICD implantation and undergoing implantation of a S–ICD device (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, Massachusetts, USA) at 21 European institutions enrolled in the extended ELISIR registry were used for the current analysis. Patients were classified into two cohorts, depending on the BMI at the time of device implantations: BMI &lt; 18 kg/m2 versus &gt; 18 kg/m2.

Results
Out of a total of 1497 pts, 58 pts (3.9%) had a BMI &lt; 18 kg/m2. Patients with BMI &lt;18 kg/m2 were younger (44.6±2.4 vs 50.8±0.4; p = 0.004) and more frequently female (58.6% vs 22.3%, p &lt; 0.001). No differences in any of the other baseline characteristic were observed. Implantation techniques resulted comparable between the groups (rates of 2–incision technique: 87.8% vs 91.9%; p = 0.256; inter–muscular placement: 89.7% vs 83.3%; p = 0.198). Of note, the mean PRAETORIAN score at implantation of patients with BMI &lt;18 kg/m2 was significantly lower (33.8±9.1 vs 54.1±47.3; p = 0.035), although the vast majority of patients in both cohorts qualified as at low risk of conversion failure (100% vs 91.4%; p = 0.436). Over a median follow up time of 22.4 [11.6–36.8] months, both overall device–related complications (5.2% vs 7.4%) and rates of inappropriate shocks (12.0% vs 8.8%) resulted comparable between the two groups (p = 0.517 and p = 0.385, respectively). Figure 1 reports Kaplan–Meier curves showing the combined incidence of device–related complications and inappropriate shocks in the two groups (log–rank p = 0.576).

Conclusion
No differences in device–related complications and long–term outcomes after S–ICD implantation were observed in patients with BMI &lt;18 kg/m2 compared to the remaining recipients in a large multicentered real–world analysis.
C14 A PROMISING SURGICAL TECHNIQUE IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FUNCTIONAL MITRAL REGURGITATION: HYPER–DOWN–SIZING ANNULOPLASTY
Authors: Innelli P , Prestipino F , Manzan E , Telesca M , D‘Ascoli R , Paternoster G , Stabile E , Luzi G 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective
Atrial functional mitral valve regurgitation is a less common form of functional mitral regurgitation with normal leaflet motion and morphology, preserved dimension and function of left ventricle, associated with atrial fibrillation ad/or left atrial dilatation. Several factors are involved into the etiology, such as mitral annular dilation and insufficient leaflet remodeling, atriogenic leaflet tethering, loss of annular saddle shape and contractility, changes in heart rate.

Methods
Eleven consecutive patients with atrial functional mitral regurgitation, mean age 65 ± 12 years, normal left ventricle dimension and ejection fraction greater than 50% underwent mitral valve repair via right mini–thoracotomy in case of isolated mitral and tricuspid valve surgery or via median sternotomy in case of combined procedures. Concomitant procedures include tricuspid valve repair in 1 patient and coronary artery bypass in 5 patients. All patients presented an increased dimension of left atrium (mean left atrial volume: 90 ± 23 ml); mitral annular dimension was investigated with trans–esophageal echocardiography before operation. In all patients was implanted a downsized complete rigid annuloplasty ring with asymmetrical design of two sizes smaller respect to measured intercommissural distance. Clinical outcomes of patients and echocardiographic findings related to mitral regurgitation recurrence and left ventricle function were followed in the time.

Results
At discharge, any patient present a residual mitral regurgitation greater than mild, mean trans–mitral gradient was 2.5 ±2.1 mmHg. During the follow–up period of 24 ± 5 months, the New York Heart Association functional class significantly improved from 2.5 ± 0.4 to 1.5 ± 2.1. In three patients occurred cardiac rhythm disturbances requiring hospital stay, only one patient developed a greater than mild mitral regurgitation, reoperation was not becessary in any case. Left atrial volume decreased from 90 ± 23 ml to 58 ± 30 ml.

Conclusions
Mitral annuloplasty with downsized ring is a safe and effective procedure in patient with atrial functional mitral regurgitation in the same way of patient with functional mitral regurgitation due to ventricular dilation and tethering. The comforting clinical and echocardiographic outcome in our small group of patient encourage future studies in this particular group of patients.
C15 DOES THE DISTANCE BETWEEN RESIDENCY AND IMPLANTING CENTER AFFECT THE OUTCOME OF PATIENTS SUPPORTED BY LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE? A MULTICENTER ITALIAN STUDY ON RADIAL MECHANICALLY ASSISTED CIRCULATORY SUPPORT (MIRAMACS) ANALYSIS
Authors: Lechiancole A , Loforte A , Trumello C , Scandroglio M , Gliozzi G , Comisso M , Iacovoni A , Terzi A , Maiani M , Musumeci F , De Bonis M , Pacini D , Livi U 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Patients with LVAD require continuous monitoring and care, and since Implanting Centers (IC) are more experienced in managing LVAD patients than other health care facilities, the distance between patient residency and IC could negatively affect the outcomes.

Methods
Data of patients discharged after receiving a LVAD implantation between 2010 and 2021 collected into the MIRAMACS database were retrospectively analyzed. The population was divided into two groups: A (n = 175) and B (n = 141), according to a distance between patient residency and IC ≤ or &gt;of 90 miles. The primary end–point was freedom form Adverse Events (AEs), a composite outcome composed by death, cerebrovascular accident, hospital admission because of GI bleeding, infection, pump thrombosis or right ventricular failure. Secondary end–points were incidences of mortality and complications. All patients were followed–up regularly, according to participating centers protocols, by means of clinical visits, telemonitoring and local care–sharing.

Results
Baseline clinical characteristics and indications for LVAD did not differ between the two groups (Figure 1). Mean duration of support was 25.5±21 months for Group A and 25.7±20 months for Group B (p = 0.79). At 3 years, freedom from AEs was similar between Group A and B (p = 0.32, Figure 2), and there were no differences in rates of mortality and LVAD–related complications (Figure 2).

Conclusions
Distance from the IC does not represent a barrier to successful outcome, as long as regular and continuous follow–up is provided. Telemonitoring could offer several benefits, including early detection of complications and continuous evaluation of patient conditions and data of the pump. Moreover, it seemed to reduce the patient anxiety related to the device, increasing direct communication with the VAD–team. On the other hand, shared health programs with local facilities remains an attractive way to follow–up patient, provided that LVAD specific resources and trained staff are available. The dissemination of LVAD–specific care knowledge is also important to face urgent or emergent needs in the rapidly enlarging population of LVAD patients, by empowering local healthcare facilities.
C18 ROLE OF THREE DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN IMAGING AND SURGICAL DECISION MAKING OF AORTO–LEFT ATRIAL FISTULA
Authors: Galzerano D , Di Michele S , Alhamshari A , Jazzar Y , Al Sergani A , Sishamma E , Alsanei A , Pergola V , Di Giannuario G , Vriz O 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A 63–year–old female known case of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and chronic kidney disease underwent mitral valve (MV) replacement because of severe regurgitation (RGT). Few weeks after, she was admitted due to decreased level of consciousness, drowsiness, abdominal distension and fever. Laboratory investigations showed positive blood cultures for Staphylococcus aureus and elevated inflammatory markers. Brain computed tomography (CT) revealed multiple infarcts due to systemic embolization. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) showed bioprosthesis (BP) leaflets coated by a mass causing significant obstruction (peak/mean=17/8 mmHg) with mild intravalvular RGT. Mild thickening of aortic valve (AV) cusps with mild RGT and moderate tricuspid RGT were also noted. Left and right ventricles were normal in size and function. A transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) (Figure 1) showed BP leaflets coated by a mass with a mobile vegetation attached on the atrial surface (10x9mm) causing severe obstruction and mild intravalvular RGT. A periaortic abscess, surrounding the left and the non–coronary cusps and involving the mitro–aortic fibrosa was also found. A fistula between the aortic root and the left atrium was detected by color Doppler and CW Doppler (systodiastolic high velocity shunt) (Figure 1). Further three dimensional (3D) analysis allowed to anatomically locate the position of the fistula which started close to the ostium the left coronary (LC) artery, passing through the mitroaortic fibrosa and opening anteriorly next to the strut of the BP (Figure 2). Contrast cardiac CT was advised but it was not performed to avoid further kidney impairment. The consensus was to perform redo–surgery. Therefore, the patient underwent MV cleaning of abscessual area, reconstruction of the aortic annulus with AV replacement. A coronary artery bypass surgery on LC artery was also necessary as the ostium was narrowed during the reconstruction of the area. Echocardiographic findings were confirmed at surgery. In our case 3DTEE accurately delineated cardiac anatomy and provided crucial anatomic details useful in the surgical planning. It is also important to highlight that the diagnosis may be challenging as the jet may be misinterpreted as mitral RGT. In this context, 3D imaging offers incremental value, as it is able to offer a clear view of the mitral valve.3DTEE was particularly helpful in our setting because the patient was at high risk to perform contrast study.
C21 ACTIVE STAND TEST IN ALTERNATIVE TO HEAD UP TILT TEST AS NEUROMEDIATE SYNCOPE’S PREDICTOR IN COVID–19 PANDEMIC’S ERA: EXPERIENCE OF SINGLE CENTER
Authors: Dentico A , Ferrieri A , Epicoco G , Troccoli R , Carretta F , D‘Agostino C , Carretta D 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
The Head Up Tilt Test is an exam that, with prolonged orthostatic stress, allows you to diagnose neuromediated syncope, but has the drawback of being a test that requires time, space and dedicated equipment. During the Covid pandemic, our Syncope Unit was limited both in terms of space and access. Not being able to perform the HUTT, it was decided to replace it with the Active Stand Test, a test that allows you to evaluate changes in blood pressure and ECG in a few minutes.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the Active Stand Test as an alternative to HUTT in situations where the latter cannot be performed. Material and Method: In the period 2020–2021, 53 patients were treated for syncope at our center. These patients underwent initial evaluation, Active Stand Test and carotid sinus massage. The Active Stand Test was positive in 8 patients. In order to have a long–distance follow–up, a remote–controlled loop recorder was implanted in all patients. Two categories of patients were thus identified: asymptomatic patients for syncope, in whom no relevant symptoms or arrhythmias were found, and symptomatic patients for syncope. The first were followed only with remote control and telephone follow–up, symptomatic patients were reconvened for clinical re–evaluation.

Results
Of the total 53 patients, 34 were asymptomatic patients with syncope and with no significant arrhythmia recordings and 19 were symptomatic patients with syncope. Of these, 5 were symptomatic for paroxysmal AVB and were implanted with PM, 1 for NSVT was protected with Life Vest; the 13 symptomatic without AVB (syncope of unknown origin) continued the follow–up. Among the latter we find the 8 patients who tested positive when performing the Active Stand Test carried out upon enrollment. The 34 patients asymptomatic for syncope were subsequently recalled to perform a HUTT.

Conclusions
The emergence of the Covid–19 pandemic has led to a greater enhancement of the function of the Syncope Unit, making it the place of choice for the etiological diagnosis of syncope. This allowed for an important selection of the tests necessary to arrive at an etiological diagnosis of syncope. In a situation where the execution of the HUTT is difficult, the Active Stand Test made it possible to manage patients for the diagnosis of neuromediated syncopes.