bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Effects of a Specific Neurodynamic Mobilization of the Superficial Fibular Nerve: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Lavoie Felix-Antoine , St-Pierre Marc-Olivier , Paquin Jean-Philippe , Gilbert Kerry , Ellis Richard , Sobczak Stephane 
Published: July 2022

Context
A specific neurodynamic mobilization for the superficial fibular nerve (SFN) has been suggested in the reference literature for manual therapists to evaluate nerve mechanosensitivity in patients. However, no authors of biomechanical studies have examined the ability of this technique to produce nerve strain. Therefore, the mechanical specificity of this technique is not yet established.

Objectives
To test whether this examination and treatment technique produced nerve strain in the fresh frozen cadaver and the contribution of each motion to total longitudinal strain.

Design
Controlled laboratory study.

Setting
Laboratory.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
A differential variable reluctance transducer was inserted in 10 SFNs from 6 fresh cadavers to measure strain during the mobilization. A specific sequence of plantar flexion, ankle inversion, straight-leg raise position, and 30° of hip adduction was applied to the lower limb. The mobilization was repeated at 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° of the straight-leg raise position to measure the effect of hip-flexion position.

Results
Compared with a resting position, this neurodynamic mobilization produced a significant amount of strain in the SFN (7.93% ± 0.51%, P &lt; .001). Plantar flexion (59.34% ± 25.82%) and ankle inversion (32.80% ± 21.41%) accounted for the biggest proportions of total strain during the mobilization. No difference was noted among different hip-flexion positions. Hip adduction did not significantly contribute to final strain (0.39% ± 10.42%, P &gt; .05), although high variability among limbs existed.

Conclusions
Ankle motion should be considered the most important factor during neurodynamic assessment of the SFN for distal entrapment. These results suggest that this technique produces sufficient strain in the SFN and could therefore be evaluated in vivo for correlation with mechanosensitivity.
Single-Legged Triple-Hop Propulsion Strategies in Females With and Those Without a History of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Mulligan Colin M.S. , Gibbs Emma R. , Huang Yu-Lun , Stutzenberger Lyndsay R. , Johnson Samuel T. , Norcross Marc F. 
Published: July 2022

Context
The single-legged triple hop is a commonly used functional task after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Recently, researchers have suggested that individuals may use a compensatory propulsion strategy to mask underlying quadriceps dysfunction and achieve symmetric hop performance.

Objective
To evaluate the performance and propulsion strategies used by females with and those without ACLR during a single-legged triple hop.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants
A total of 38 females, 19 with ACLR (age = 19.21 ± 1.81 years, height = 1.64 ± 0.70 m, mass = 63.79 ± 7.59 kg) and 19 without ACLR (control group; age = 21.11 ± 3.28 years, height = 1.67 ± 0.73 m, mass = 67.28 ± 9.25 kg).

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Hop distance and limb symmetry index (LSI) were assessed during a single-legged triple hop for distance. Propulsion strategies were evaluated during the first and second hops of the single-legged triple hop. Separate 2-way analysis-of-variance models were used to examine the influence of ACLR, joint, and their interaction on mechanical joint work, moment impulse, and the relative joint contributions to total work and moment impulse in females with and those without a history of ACLR.

Results
Despite achieving a mean LSI of approximately 96%, the ACLR group produced less total work in the reconstructed than the uninvolved limb during single-legged triple-hop propulsion (first hop: t18 = −3.73, P = .002; second hop: t18 = −2.55, P = .02). During the first and second hops, the reconstructed knee generated 19.3% (t18 = −2.33, P = .03) and 27.3% (t18 = −4.47, P &lt; .001) less work than the uninvolved knee. No differences were identified between the involved and uninvolved limbs of the ACLR group in moment impulse (first hop: t18 = −0.44, P = .67; second hop: t18 = −0.32; P = .76). Irrespective of limb or group, the ankle was the largest contributor to both work and moment during both the first and second hops (P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Clinicians should exercise caution when using a single-legged triple hop as a surrogate for restored lower extremity function in females post–ACLR. This recommendation is driven by the compelling findings that knee-joint deficits persisted in the reconstructed limb despite an LSI of approximately 96% and, regardless of previous injury status, single-legged triple-hop propulsion was predominantly driven by the ankle.
Ethically acceptable consent approaches to adolescent research in South Africa
Authors: Loveday Marian , Goga Ameena , Dhai Ames , Labuschaigne Melodie , Roussouw Theresa , Burgess Theresa , Strode Ann , Wallace Melissa , Blockman Marc , Daniels Brodie , Spooner Elizabeth , Bekker Linda-Gail 
Published: July 2022

Background: Adolescents are a unique population with significant unmet health needs. They are often excluded from research that may benefit them as they are perceived as vulnerable and needing protection from research participation. For Research Ethics Committees, conflicting positions in statutes, regulations and ethical guidelines about who provides informed consent for adolescent involvement in health research can be a significant barrier to approving adolescent research. For researchers, the requirement for parental/guardian proxy consent or prolonged approval processes may potentially result in the exclusion of those adolescents most vulnerable and at risk, particularly if issues such as gender-based violence, gender identity, sexuality and sexual practices are in question.Objectives: To describe the challenges to adolescent research and suggest strategies to address these.Method: We consider the legal and ethical framework in South Africa regarding the consenting age for adolescents in research, outline the challenges and, using examples of best practices, suggest strategies to address the current conundrum.Results: We suggest three principles to guide Research Ethics Committees on their approach to reviewing health research involving adolescents. Strategies to develop ethically acceptable approaches to adolescent research and consent processes are described, which include community involvement. We elaborate on examples of nuanced approaches to adolescent research.Conclusion: The inclusion of adolescents in research is critical in informing appropriate and effective health services for this vulnerable population, whilst providing an opportunity to link them into care and services where relevant.
Tenecteplase and Alteplase for Thrombolysis of Acute Ischemic Stroke within 4.5 Hours
Authors: Dhar Nikita , Kumar Mritunjai , Tiwari Ashutosh , Desai Ishita , Madhaw Govind , Kumar Niraj 
Published: July 2022

Objective:
To compare the efficacy and safety of thrombolysis using Tenecteplase (TNK) versus alteplase in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) patients within 4.5-hour window period.

Methods:
This retrospective study involved the collection of data from consecutive AIS patients who underwent thrombolysis in the Department of Neurology at a tertiary care university hospital, between May 2018 to January 2021. Data including clinical history, neurological assessment using modified Rankin score (mRS), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), brain neuroimaging, treatment, and outcome details were collected. The primary efficacy outcome was the proportion of patients with good functional recovery (mRS of 0–2) at 90 days of follow-up.

Results:
Total of 42 patients with AIS underwent thrombolysis, of which 19 received alteplase and 23 got TNK. The median (range) onset to door time [120 (20-210) versus 120 (30-210) minutes; P = 0.823] and median (range) onset to needle time [150 (60-255) versus 160 (50-240) minutes; P = 0.779] were comparable in both alteplase and TNK groups, respectively. The primary outcome of good functional recovery (mRS ≤2) at 3 months was observed in more than half the patients in each group and was comparable (P = 0.701). Post-thrombolysis complications including cerebral haemorrhage (symptomatic or asymptomatic) were comparable between the two groups (31.6% vs 30.4%; P = 0.936), except a significantly higher proportion of patients on TNK required mechanical ventilation (10.5% v/s 43.5%; P = 0.019).

Conclusions:
This study showed a comparable efficacy and safety profile of alteplase and TNK in thrombolysis of AIS throughout the 4.5 hours window period. Moreover, the ease of administration and better pharmacodynamic properties favors tenecteplase.
Immunoglobulin-G subclass pattern among children with mucopolysaccharidosis attending the genetic clinic of Alexandria University Children’s Hospital
Authors: ElDeriny Ghada F. , Marzouk Iman M. , Elbanna Ola A. 
Published: July 2022

Background
Mucopolysaccharidosis is an inherited lysosomal-storage disease, due to deficiency in lysosomal enzymes degrading glycosaminoglycans, causing accumulation of undegraded substrate within the lysosomes. These substrates are related to widespread inflammation, as well as the release of various proinflammatory immune mediators and autophagy dysfunction. Oxidative stress, abnormal mitochondrial function, and disruption in homeostasis also play a role in mucopolysaccharide (MPS) pathogenesis. Defects in immunological parameters in MPS have been described and postulated as explanations for the increased severity of infections seen in MPS children. Most of these infections are of the respiratory tract.

Aim
The aim was to estimate the total level of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and its subclasses in children with MPS and find out the relation if any between the estimated levels and the recurrence of infections.

Patients and methods
The study was conducted on 35 children with MPS, either newly diagnosed or previously diagnosed cases attending the genetic clinic of Alexandria University Children’s Hospital for follow-up in the period from July 2019 to July 2020. ELISA was used for estimation of the levels of total IgG and its subtypes (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4).

Results
The levels of total IgG and its subtypes (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4) were measured in all studied cases. A positive significant correlation between IgG3 and repeated upper respiratory-tract infections (URTIs), that 68.2% of cases with high levels of IgG3 had repeated URTIs, while only 31.8% of cases with normal levels of IgG3 had repeated URTIs with P value of 0.001.

Conclusion
Children with MPS are especially prone to repeated URTIs more than six times/year, this increased susceptibility to infections has been linked to abnormal parameters of the immune system. IgG subclasses are a significant predictor of recurrent URTIs in patients with MPS disease. Therefore, measurement of IgG subclass level, especially IgG3 level, provides a new strategy to more aggressive treatments for high-risk groups.
Evaluation of the response to growth hormone therapy when the decision of treatment was done based on the relation to the mid parental height
Authors: El Awwa Ahmed M.S. , Soliman Ashraf T. , Siddig Suhair El 
Published: July 2022

Introduction
Midparental height (MPH) can be used as a crude prediction of the child’s adult height. Familial short stature (FSS) is a condition in which the final adult height achieved is less than the third percentile for the patient’s age, sex, and population. Nevertheless, it is consistent with parental height in the absence of nutritional, hormonal, acquired, genetic, and iatrogenic causes. The rationale for treating childhood short stature includes increasing height and alleviating psychosocial disability while maintaining favorable risk/benefit and cost/benefit ratios. Selection among management options may therefore depend on the degree to which each meets these goals. Inappropriately, ascribing a child’s extreme shortness to relatively short parents could thus result in delayed investigations or failure to appreciate the seriousness of a child’s situation.

Aim
The aim of this study is to evaluate the response to growth hormone (GH) therapy when the decision of treatment was made based on their relation to MPH whether FSS or much shorter than their MPH standard deviation score (SDS).

Patients and methods
This is a retrospective study; we studied the auxologic data of 21 children with FSS [height SDS (HtSDS) <−2, MPHSDS <−2 SD] and 14 children who were not short [HtSDS >−2, but ≥1 SD shorter than their MPHSDS who were treated with recombinant GH (somatropin/norditropin] 0.03–0.05 mg/kg/day daily for more than 1 year, and the dose was adjusted to keep the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) level in the upper quartile of normal for age.

Results
In the FSS group, after an average of 3.27 years on GH treatment, the HtSDS increased by 0.92 SD, and IGF-1 SD increased by 2.87 SD. Difference between the HtSDS and MPHSDS improved significantly from −0.18 to 0.74 SD. In the other group, after GH therapy the HtSDS increased by 0.5 and IGFSDS increased by 3.24 SD. Difference between the HtSDS and MPHSDS improved significantly from −1.26 to −0.72 SD. However, the HtSDS was still more than 0.5 or more lower than the MPHSDS. In both groups, the HtSDS gain was positively correlated with the duration of GH therapy (r=0.52, P=0.01) and negatively correlated with the age at the start of treatment (r=−0.34, P=0.01) and the pretreatment IGF-1 level (r=−0.37, P=0.04).

Conclusion
GH therapy improved HtSDS even to exceed MPHSDS in children with FSS. Children with normal stature while far below MPHSDS had their HtSDS improved with GH therapy while did not reach their MPHSDS. The duration and age at the start of GH therapy are important parameters for the favorable outcome. MPHSDS is an important parameter in GH therapy decision.
Outcome predictors of community-acquired pneumonia in children
Authors: Sabry Amira M. , Hamed Dina H. , Al-Amir Neama , Abdelaziz Iman A. 
Published: July 2022

Background
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most common infections of infants and children in developing and developed countries, given the clinical, social, and economic importance of CAP for this specific age group.

Aim
To highlight the most important factors affecting the outcome of CAP either clinical, laboratory, or radiological.

Patients and methods
This prospective cohort study included 120 patients, aged 2–59 months admitted with CAP in the Pediatric Department, Children’s Hospital, Cairo University from November 2016 till February 2017. History, demographic, clinical, laboratory [complete blood count, C-reactive protein (CRP), urea, creatinine, sodium, random blood sugar, sputum and blood culture], and radiological data were assessed.

Results
A statistically significant relationship was detected between each of the history of exclusive breastfeeding, patient’s age, and weight as well as lower pO2 on admission and between the need for ICU admission. Also, significant correlation was noted between patients’ height, temperature, respiratory rate, hemoglobin, total leukocyte count and CRP, blood culture and chest radiographic finding, and between the duration of hospital admission.

Conclusion
Weight, height, temperature, respiratory rate, conscious level, initial O2 saturation, capillary filling time, and presence of crepitation were closely related to the CAP outcome as well as, some laboratory findings such as hemoglobin level, total leukocyte count, CRP, blood culture, arterial blood gas parameters, and the chest radiographic finding.
Investıgation of vitamin D levels in obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Soyak Hüda Murat , Karakükcü Çiğdem 
Published: July 2022

Background:
The impact of vitamin D on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) remains unknown.

Aim:
Studies suggest that vitamin D deficiency may be associated with neuropsychiatric diseases. The purpose of this study is to investigate vitamin D levels in those diagnosed with OCD. In addition, the relation between OCD symptom severity and serum vitamin D level is investigated.

Methods:
About 174 patients newly diagnosed with OCD and 170 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) was used to assess the severity of OCD symptoms. Serum vitamin D levels of the two groups were compared.

Results:
The serum vitamin D levels of the OCD group were found to be significantly lower than the control group. Serum vitamin D levels were negatively correlated with the obsession, compulsion, and total scale scores measured in YBOCS but there was no correlation between the serum vitamin D levels and illness duration of OCD patients.

Conclusions:
To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first studies to investigate vitamin D levels in newly diagnosed adult OCD patients without comorbidities. Although our findings suggest that vitamin D may play a role in the pathophysiology of OCD, further studies are needed to support our findings.
La investigación sobre comunicación en España. Evolución histórica y retos actuales [*]
Authors: Martínez Nicolás Manuel 
Published: July 2022

En este trabajo se propone una aproximación a la historia de la investigación sobre comunicación en España poniendo en relación la producción científica con las características, estructura y condiciones históricas en las que ha desempeñado su trabajo la comunidad científica interesada en este ámbito. Para ello, se establece un marco temporal que arranca en el momento de la constitución de la comunicación como campo de investigación (y de docencia) autónomo, a mediados de la década de los sesenta, y llega hasta la actualidad. Consideramos que en el curso de este periodo pueden distinguirse no menos de tres etapas, que convencionalmente se han denominado de emergencia, consolidación y desarrollo (o maduración) de los estudios sobre comunicación en España. En cada una de estas etapas, la comunidad científica interesada en la investigación comunicativa se ha desenvuelto en contextos sociales, institucionales (esto es, académicos) y propiamente epistemológicos o científicos diferentes, y esas particulares condiciones contribuyen a explicar las opciones u orientaciones diversas que históricamente ha ido tomando la investigación sobre comunicación en España (objetos de estudio, enfoques teórico-metodológicos, aportaciones y carencias).
La comunicación interna en la universidad. Investigar para conocer a nuestros públicos
Authors: Herranz de la Casa José María , Tapia Frade Alejandro , Vicente Lázaro Arturo 
Published: July 2022

La gestión adecuada de la comunicación interna en la universidad ocupa un lugar esencial en los planes estratégicos de las universidades. El actual proceso de Bolonia y la gestión del cambio necesita forzosamente de la comunicación interna para asegurar una correcta implantación de las nuevas titulaciones universitarias. La gestión de comunicación interna en las universidades es una tarea compleja, ya que en este ámbito conviven grupos sociológicamente diversos, con demandas y expectativas diferentes. Este trabajo analiza empíricamente la comunicación interna de la Universidad Europea Miguel de Cervantes, entendida desde la percepción de sus públicos, así como del uso que se hace de los diferentes canales y herramientas que están en funcionamiento, entendidas éstas como herramientas físicas y digitales, y relacionando los primeros con el espacio físico en que están situados y su eficacia percibida en los públicos que frecuentan dichos espacios. El método de muestreo responde al muestreo cuotado, y el método de investigación se basa en la encuesta. Los resultados muestran una percepción propia superior frente a la opinión de percepción ajena sobre la imagen general de la universidad en todos los colectivos. De igual modo, la evaluación del estado de la comunicación difiere según los colectivos estudiados –superior en el caso de PDI y PAS–. Finalmente, la evaluación de las herramientas de comunicación disponibles de carácter físico y digital también presenta diferencias importantes en función del público estudiado.
La condición laboral del periodista en Chiapas
Authors: Martínez Mendoza Sarelly , Matus López Juliana , Villar Pinto Hugo A. 
Published: July 2022

Aunque están en el centro de la opinión y de la información, los periodistas son poco conocidos. Se sabe escasamente de ellos: salarios, relaciones que establecen con sus fuentes, valores que profesan, grados de estudio, prestaciones sociales y rutinas laborales. Ante la inexistencia de estudios sobre el periodista chiapaneco en el contexto de Chiapas, México, este trabajo tiene como objetivo indagar las condiciones en que se desempeña el periodista, el salario promedio que percibe, prestaciones sociales y las organizaciones a las que pertenece.
El número aproximado de periodistas en Chiapas es de 300; el restante son colaboradores que participan ocasionalmente en las labores de información y opinión. En esos 300 nos hemos centrado para hacer este trabajo. Ellos fueron nuestro objeto de estudio. Encuestamos a 158 comunicadores que viven en diferentes partes del estado y entrevistamos a 88 de ellos.
El artículo refleja las condiciones laborales en que se desempeña el periodista chiapaneco, con bajos salarios y poco apoyo de parte de sus empresas, para ejercer su trabajo informativo.
Biocomposite production from waste low-density polyethylene sachets and Prosopis africana pods biomass residue
Authors: Odetoye Temitope E. , Adeoye Victor A. 
Published: July 2022

Plastic litter has become a major concern in solid waste management in recent times due to the adverse effect on the environment. In most developing countries, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) waste bags and sachets constitute a significant portion of plastic wastes that are generated daily, leading to an unnecessary environmental burden that needs to be addressed. In this study, we report the use of Prosopis africana pod particles as fillers in LDPE matrix (obtained from waste plastic sachets) for biocomposite production. Biocomposites were produced from 150µm average filler size for 10, 20, 30 wt% filler contents, using hand lay-up method. The compression, flexural, impact, and tensile strengths; water absorption and the biodegradability characteristics of the prepared biocomposites were determined using ASTM standards. In comparison with the control sample, the prepared biocomposites samples exhibited 103% improved impact strength of 34.3 J and better resistance to deformation (flexural modulus of 348.9 N/mm2; Young’s modulus of 237.9 N/mm2) at 30 wt % filler content. Biocomposite sample with the 10 wt% gave the highest tensile strength of 8.3 N/mm2. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis of the fractured sample shows good adhesion in the matrix. Findings from this work indicate that valorization of LDPE waste sachet and prosopis pods agricultural residues can be a value-addition, affordable waste management method for producing biocomposites towards indoor applications.