bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compressive Imaging Encryption with Secret Sharing Metasurfaces
Authors: Zheng Peixia , Li Jiaxin , Li Zile , Ge Mingzheng , Zhang Shuang , Zheng Guoxing , Liu Hong‐Chao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractExploiting various degrees of freedom of light, metasurfaces have unique advantages in multiple‐channel information storage and demonstration, which thereby provides a novel platform to convey the keys and cipher images for different encryptions. Following the secret sharing principle of visual cryptography (VC), the authors here successfully embed both the keys and cipher images of computational ghost imaging (CGI) encryption into the holographic metasurface‐images (meta‐images). The decryption process starts with key retrieval via optical observation of overlapped meta‐images, followed by a compressive CGI calculation to reconstruct the target images according to the obtained key and steganographic cipher images with a high compression ratio of 4. By integrating metasurface imaging, VC, and CGI, the authors’ proposed encryption scheme exempts conventional key distribution and transmission of CGI, enhances the security by secret sharing of VC, and increases the amount of hiding data contained in meta‐images with compressive sensing.
All‐Optical Phase Recovery: Diffractive Computing for Quantitative Phase Imaging
Authors: Mengu Deniz , Ozcan Aydogan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractQuantitative phase imaging (QPI) is a label‐free computational imaging technique that provides optical path length information of specimens. In modern implementations, the quantitative phase image of an object is reconstructed digitally through numerical methods running in a computer, often using iterative algorithms. Here, a diffractive QPI network that can perform all‐optical phase recovery is demonstrated, and the quantitative phase image of an object is synthesized by converting the input phase information of a scene into intensity variations at the output plane. A diffractive QPI network is a specialized all‐optical processor designed to perform a quantitative phase‐to‐intensity transformation through passive diffractive surfaces that are spatially engineered using deep learning and image data. Forming a compact, all‐optical network that axially extends only ≈200–300λ, where λ is the illumination wavelength, this framework can replace traditional QPI systems and related digital computational burden with a set of passive transmissive layers. All‐optical diffractive QPI networks can potentially enable power‐efficient, high frame‐rate, and compact phase imaging systems that might be useful for various applications, including, e.g., microscopy and sensing.
CVD Assisted Synthesis of Macro/Mesoporous TiO2/g‐C3N4 S‐Scheme Heterojunction for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Yang Jing , Wu Xinhe , Mei Zihui , Zhou Shuang , Su Yaorong , Wang Guohong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPhotocatalytic H2 evolution is regarded as an ideal approach to produce green energy. Here, a step‐scheme (S‐scheme) heterojunction of macro/mesoporous TiO2/g‐C3N4 photocatalysts with enhanced H2 evolution performance is constructed via a simple chemical vapor deposition process. It is found that the microstructure of samples can be easily controlled by adjusting the dosage of melamine. As compared to the respective monocomponent TiO2 and g‐C3N4, the H2 evolution rate of TiO2/g‐C3N4 S‐scheme heterojunction is greatly improved. The H2 evolution rate of the 20CT sample reaches the maximum value of 3211 μmol g−1 h−1, which is much higher than those of TiO2 and g‐C3N4 by factors of 27.2 and 7.5, respectively. In addition, through in‐depth analysis with photoluminescence, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Mott–Schottky characterizations, a new mechanism of S‐scheme heterojunction is proposed for the obtained system. The formation of the S‐scheme heterojunction in TiO2/g‐C3N4 is therefore responsible for the observed photocatalytic performance enhancement, due to the efficient charge separation as well as the high redox ability.
An Adaptable Antibody‐Based Platform for Flexible Synthetic Peptide Delivery Built on Agonistic CD40 Antibodies
Authors: Eltahir Mohamed , Laurén Ida , Lord Martin , Chourlia Aikaterini , Dahllund Leif , Olsson Anders , Saleh Aljona , Ytterberg A. Jimmy , Lindqvist Annika , Andersson Oskar , Persson Helena , Mangsbo Sara M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe agonistic potentials of therapeutic anti‐CD40 antibodies have been profiled in relation to antibody isotype and epitope specificity. Still, clinical impact relies on a well‐balanced clinical efficacy versus target‐mediated toxicity. As CD40‐mediated immune activation must rely on a combination of stimulation of antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) alongside antigen presentation, for efficient T cell priming, alternative approaches to improve the therapeutic outcome of CD40‐targeting strategies should focus on providing optimal antigen presentation together with CD40 stimulation. Herein, a bispecific antibody targeting CD40 as a means to deliver cargo (i.e., synthetic peptides) into APCs through a non‐covalent, high‐affinity interaction between the antibody and the cargo peptide, further referred to as the Adaptable Drug Affinity Conjugate (ADAC) technology, has been developed. The ADAC platform demonstrated a target‐specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell expansion in vitro and significantly improved peptide‐specific CD8+ T cell proliferation in vivo. In addition, the strategy dramatically improved the in vitro and in vivo half‐life of the synthetic peptides. Future applications of ADAC involve pandemic preparedness to viral genetic drift as well as neoepitope vaccination strategies where the bispecific antibody is an off‐the‐shelf product, and the peptide antigen is synthesized based on next‐generation sequencing data mining.
Earth‐Abundant Metal‐Based Electrocatalysts Promoted Anodic Reaction in Hybrid Water Electrolysis for Efficient Hydrogen Production: Recent Progress and Perspectives
Authors: Deng Chen , Toe Cui Ying , Li Xuan , Tan Jingjin , Yang Hengpan , Hu Qi , He Chuanxin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractExploring advanced technologies to efficiently produce green hydrogen energy is imperative to alleviate the energy crisis and environmental pollution. Conventional overall water electrolysis (OWE) has been regarded as a promising approach for effective H2 production, however, it is largely restricted by the sluggish kinetics of the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Coupling kinetically favorable anodic reactions, such as biomass‐derived compound oxidation and pollutant degradation, with the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in hybrid water electrolysis (HWE), can not only solve the biomass recycling and pollutant emission problems but also save the energy cost for clean H2 generation. Hence, various advanced earth‐abundant electrocatalysts have been developed to catalyze those promising anodic reactions, yet some problems such as tedious preparation and unsatisfactory performance still exist. Given the gap between research and practical applications, this review summarizes the recent progress in electrocatalysts for diverse alternative anodic oxidation reactions over the last five years together with their application in HWE systems. An in‐depth understanding of different reaction mechanisms and assessments toward electrocatalysts is discussed to further enhance anodic efficiency. The advantages, differences, and critical issues of different HWE systems are thoroughly discussed as well, providing a new avenue for low‐voltage H2 production from renewable resources and waste products.
A Graphene‐Coated Thermal Conductive Separator to Eliminate the Dendrite‐Induced Local Hotspots for Stable Lithium Cycling
Authors: Han Duzhao , Wang Xiaowei , Zhou Ya‐Nan , Zhang Jiyong , Liu Zhongxin , Xiao Zichun , Zhou Jiangqi , Wang Zhen , Zheng Jiangfeng , Jia Zhanhui , Tian Bingbing , Xie Jingying , Liu Zhaolin , Tang Wei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPractical lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are still far from market readiness, as a result of the severe Li degradation and safety issues caused by Li dendrites. Herein, by studying the thermodynamic behavior of lithium deposition, it is unveiled that the tip area of Li metal has an increasing heat generation rate as a function of the deposition time and overpotential. This triggers the emergence of the accumulated overpotential heat and local temperature “hotspots” due to poor local thermal diffusion, which exacerbates the undesirable irregular Li deposition and dendrite growth. To address this issue, a thermally conductive graphene‐coated separator is constructed to eliminate these local hotspots. The graphene layer affords timely diffusion of local heat generated by irregular Li growth and incipient dendrite formation, achieving the stable and uniform lithium deposition to deter further degradation. As a result, the Li metal, suffering a drastic Coulombic efficiency (CE) decay to ≈60% using a conventional separator, can be recovered for continual cycling with a high CE of >95%. Notably, the corresponding Li||LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cells present high capacity retention and recovery. This study highlights the thermodynamic factor of Li dendrite‐induced local heat and its elimination to preclude Li anode deterioration, which provides insight into Li metal protection strategies for high performance LMBs.
Boosting Near‐Infrared Luminescence of Lanthanide in Cs2AgBiCl6 Double Perovskites via Breakdown of the Local Site Symmetry
Authors: Pei Yifan , Tu Datao , Li Chenliang , Han Siyuan , Xie Zhi , Wen Fei , Wang Luping , Chen Xueyuan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCurrently, lanthanide (Ln3+)‐doped near‐infrared (NIR)‐emitting double perovskites (DPs) suffer from low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). Herein, we develop a new class of NIR‐emitting DPs based on Ln3+‐doped Cs2(Na/Ag)BiCl6. Benefiting from the Na+‐induced breakdown of local site symmetry in the Cs2AgBiCl6 DPs, effective NIR emissions of Ln3+ are realized through Bi3+ sensitization. Specifically, 7.3‐fold and 362.9‐fold enhanced NIR emissions of Yb3+ and Er3+ are achieved in Cs2Ag0.2Na0.8BiCl6 DPs relative to those in Na‐free Cs2AgBiCl6 counterparts, respectively. The optimal absolute NIR PLQYs for Yb3+ and Er3+ in Cs2Ag0.2Na0.8BiCl6 DPs are determined to be 19.0 % and 4.3 %, respectively. Raman spectroscopy and first‐principles density functional theory calculations verify the sublattice distortion in Cs2(Na/Ag)BiCl6 DPs via Na+ doping. These findings provide fundamental insights into the design of efficient NIR‐emitting Ln3+‐doped DPs for versatile optoelectronic applications.
Chemoselective Oxyfunctionalization of Functionalized Benzylic Compounds with a Manganese Catalyst
Authors: Zhou Jimei , Jia Minxian , Song Menghui , Huang Zhiliang , Steiner Alexander , An Qidong , Ma Jianwei , Guo Zhiyin , Zhang Qianqian , Sun Huaming , Robertson Craig , Bacsa John , Xiao Jianliang , Li Chaoqun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhilst allowing for easy access to synthetically versatile motifs and for modification of bioactive molecules, the chemoselective benzylic oxidation reactions of functionalized alkyl arenes remain challenging. Reported in this study is a new non‐heme Mn catalyst stabilized by a bipiperidine‐based tetradentate ligand, which enables methylene oxidation of benzylic compounds by H2O2, showing high activity and excellent chemoselectivity under mild conditions. The protocol tolerates an unprecedentedly wide range of functional groups, including carboxylic acid and derivatives, ketone, cyano, azide, acetate, sulfonate, alkyne, amino acid, and amine units, thus providing a low‐cost, more sustainable and robust pathway for the facile synthesis of ketones, increase of complexity of organic molecules, and late‐stage modification of drugs.
A Planar Five‐Membered Aromatic Ring Stabilized by Only Two π‐Electrons
Authors: Kysliak Oleksandr , Schreiner Simon H. F. , Grabicki Niklas , Liebing Phil , Weigend Florian , Dumele Oliver , Kretschmer Robert 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMany chemicals known today are partially or fully aromatic, since a ring framework experiences additional stabilization through the delocalization of π‐electrons. While aromatic rings with equal numbers of π‐electrons and ring atoms such as benzene are particularly stable, those with the minimally required two π‐electrons are very rare and yet remain limited to three‐ and four‐membered rings if not stabilized in the coordination sphere of heavy metals. Here we report the facile synthesis of a dipotassium cyclopentagallene, a unique example of a five‐membered aromatic ring stabilized by only two π‐electrons. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction revealed a planar Ga5 ring with almost equal gallium–gallium bond lengths, which together with computational and spectroscopic data confirm its aromatic character. Our results prove that aromatic stabilization goes far beyond what has previously been assumed as minimum π‐electron count in a five‐atom ring fragment.
Metal‐Free N−H Bond Activation by Phospha‐Wittig Reagents**
Authors: Dankert Fabian , Siewert Jan‐Erik , Gupta Priyanka , Weigend Florian , Hering‐Junghans Christian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractN‐containing molecules are mostly derived from ammonia (NH3). Ammonia activation has been demonstrated for single transition metal centers as well as for low‐valent main group species. Phosphinidenes, mono‐valent phosphorus species, can be stabilized by phosphines, giving so‐called phosphanylidenephosphoranes of the type RP(PR′3). We demonstrate the facile, metal‐free NH3 activation using ArP(PMe3), affording for the first time isolable secondary aminophosphines ArP(H)NH2. DFT studies reveal that two molecules of NH3 act in concert to facilitate an NH3 for PMe3 exchange. Furthermore, H2NR and HNR2 activation is demonstrated.
Versatility of sulfonated poly (vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) membranes incorporated with sulfonated octaphenyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane for vanadium redox flow battery applications
Authors: Divya Kumar , Rana Dipak , Sri Abirami Saraswathi Meenakshi Sundaram , Nagendran Alagumalai 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHybrid membranes are fabricated using the blends of sulfonated poly (vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (SPVDF‐co‐HFP) and sulfonated octaphenyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (SOPS) as an alternate for expensive Nafion in vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) applications. The FT‐IR and TEM investigation indicates the successful sulfonation of OPS and uniform distribution of SOPS. The morphological study of hybrid membranes by SEM–EDX and FESEM revealed the excellent dispersing ability of SOPS on a SPVDF‐co‐HFP matrix. The physicochemical analysis of SPVDF‐co‐HFP/SOPS membranes demonstrated an increase in hydrophilic ion‐exchangeable sites. The SPVDF‐co‐HFP/SOPS (0.5 wt.%) membrane displayed a maximum proton conductivity of 6.27 × 10−3 Scm−1 at 80°C because of strong hydrogen bond formation between SPVDF‐co‐HFP and SOPS facilitates proton migration. Besides, the cage‐like structure of SOPS effectively shields vanadium‐ion permeation to 1.21 × 10−8 cm2 min−1 and thus, showed a maximum membrane selectivity of 43.05 × 104 Scm−3 min. Overall, the hybrid membranes of SPVDF‐co‐HFP/SOPS were considered to be a better substitute for Nafion in VRFBs.
Vacuum formed bio‐based composite materials using polyolefin and thermally modified wood powder
Authors: Källbom Susanna K. , Helgesson Daniel , Olsson Richard T. , Hedenqvist Mikael S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFor climate and sustainability reasons, there is an interest and incentive to produce plastic and rubber products with increased content of a bio‐based component, preferably existing as an industrial by‐product, for example, wood powder/sawdust. There are many studies on the making of wood‐plastic composites, but hitherto very few consider vacuum forming as a processing technique, especially considering a biofiller. Here, the properties of a vacuum formed composite with thermally modified wood powder (with reduced water uptake) and a very ductile polyolefin, was reported. Surprisingly, even at a 15 wt% filler content, the composite remained ductile (extensibility of ca. 30%). The water uptake increased with increasing content of wood powder, but was never more than 5%. The water sorption kinetics indicated that the wood powder did not form a percolated continuous path through the material for easy access to the water, which led to a low water diffusivity (ca. 2 × 10−10 cm2 s−1). The calorimetric data showed that the biofiller, overall, did not affect the melting and crystallization behavior of the polymer matrix, nor the observed glass transition temperature. To conclude, vacuum forming was shown to be a viable technique for composites with a very ductile/elastic matrix and stiff fillers.
Replicating 3D printed structures into functional materials
Authors: Wang Qiaoyi , Chan Ho Nam , Wu Hongkai 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) printing is gaining wide attention recently. It is particularly effective in fabricating topographically complicated structures on a small scale. However, the library of 3D printable material is highly limited which heavily hindered its further applications. Herein, we developed a convenient method to replicate the 3D‐printed structures into different functional materials. Consequently, many unprintable materials can be readily made into arbitrary geometry without reengineering their printability nor developing new 3D printing methods. These materials are thermally curable, chemically crosslinkable, or liquid/solid phase change at mild temperatures, such as polydimethylsiloxane, polyacrylamide, and paraffin. 3D structures with multiscale sizes and topographic complexity including a trifurcating network, an octahedron lattice, a Mario figure and a tetrahedron framework array were used for demonstration here. Our method shows a high fidelity during the replication and the replica can remain the high‐resolution of feature from a two‐photon polymerization 3D printer, which can generate 3D structures with resolution down to 1 μm or even smaller. In addition, electroless plating of metal in the internal walls of the mold can allow us to further shrink feature sizes in the final replica, which suggests an approach to obtain resolutions beyond the 3D printer at the start.
Damage mechanisms and tooth flank load capacity of oil‐lubricated peek gears
Authors: Illenberger Christopher Martin , Tobie Thomas , Stahl Karsten 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPlastic gears are increasingly being utilized in higher performance ranges. Operating under oil lubrication can reduce friction and heat input. By running under oil‐lubricated conditions, tooth damage such as abrasive wear recedes into a secondary role, and fatigue damage such as pitting becomes relevant for the durability of the gears. Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is suitable for use in demanding operating conditions due to its very high strength properties, even at higher temperatures. In this work, the stress conditions affecting the tooth flank and the damage behavior of oil‐lubricated PEEK gears are investigated and tooth flank strength parameters were determined for different temperature levels. Theoretical studies on the stress distribution on the tooth flank show the necessity to apply adapted profile modifications in order to reduce undesired stress conditions in the extended meshing area. In experimental investigations, the damage behavior of oil‐lubricated PEEK gears is examined and the influence of temperature on the gear load capacity is discussed.
Paratympanic sinuses in juvenile Alligator
Authors: Tahara Rui , Larsson Hans C. E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCrocodylia has an extensive epithelial pneumatic space in the middle ear, paratympanic sinus system. Although fossil and extant crocodylian paratympanic sinus systems have been studied recently using the computed tomography (CT) and three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction data, due to the soft tissue nature of the pneumatic system and presence of its surrounding soft tissue structures, some boundaries, and definitions of each extension remain ambiguous. We describe the comprehensive paratympanic sinus system in posthatched alligator using soft tissue enhanced CT data with 3D reconstructions. The data are compared to the available data to discuss the ontogenetic pattern in alligator. We introduce further divided entities of the pneumatic system based on their associated bony and soft tissue structures and epithelial membrane and clarify the pneumatic terminologies. We then re‐visit the potential homology of the paratympanic sinus in Archosauria. Epithelial boundaries of the ventral portion of the pneumatic system from the histological data suggest that the dual origin of the basioccipital diverticulum derived from the tympanic sinus and basicranial diverticulum medially. The presence of the epithelial boundary and pneumatic changes in ontogeny suggests that the middle ear may function differently in developmental stages. Lastly, a morphogenetic tree is constructed to help future work of comparative developmental studies of the paratympanic sinus system between crocodiles and birds.
Gaze and social functioning associations in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Riddiford Jacqueline A. , Enticott Peter G. , Lavale Alex , Gurvich Caroline 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by significant social functioning impairments, including (but not limited to) emotion recognition, mentalizing, and joint attention. Despite extensive investigation into the correlates of social functioning in ASD, only recently has there been focus on the role of low‐level sensory input, particularly visual processing. Extensive gaze deficits have been described in ASD, from basic saccadic function through to social attention and the processing of complex biological motion. Given that social functioning often relies on accurately processing visual information, inefficient visual processing may contribute to the emergence and sustainment of social functioning difficulties in ASD. To explore the association between measures of gaze and social functioning in ASD, a systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted. A total of 95 studies were identified from a search of CINAHL Plus, Embase, OVID Medline, and psycINFO databases in July 2021. Findings support associations between increased gaze to the face/head and eye regions with improved social functioning and reduced autism symptom severity. However, gaze allocation to the mouth appears dependent on social and emotional content of scenes and the cognitive profile of participants. This review supports the investigation of gaze variables as potential biomarkers of ASD, although future longitudinal studies are required to investigate the developmental progression of this relationship and to explore the influence of heterogeneity in ASD clinical characteristics.Lay SummaryThis review explored how eye gaze (e.g., where a person looks when watching a movie) is associated with social functioning in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We found evidence that better social functioning in ASD was associated with increased eye gaze toward faces/head and eye regions. Individual characteristics (e.g., intelligence) and the complexity of the social scene also influenced eye gaze. Future research including large longitudinal studies and studies investigating the influence of differing presentations of ASD are recommended.