bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyte-mediated formation and growth of nanoparticles for the development of chemical sensors and biosensors
Authors: Tsogas George Z. , Vlessidis Athanasios G. , Giokas Dimosthenis L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe cornerstone of nanomaterial-based sensing systems is the synthesis of nanoparticles with appropriate surface functionalization that ensures their stability and determines their reactivity with organic or inorganic analytes. To accomplish these requirements, various compounds are used as additives or growth factors to regulate the properties of the synthesized nanoparticles and their reactivity with the target analytes. A different rationale is to use the target analytes as additives or growth agents to control the formation and properties of nanoparticles. The main difference is that the analyte recognition event occurs before or during the formation of nanoparticles and it is based on the reactivity of the analytes with the precursor materials of the nanoparticles (e.g., metal ions, reducing agents, and coatings). The transition from the ionic (or molecular) state of the precursor materials to ordered nanostructured assemblies is used for sensing and signal transduction for the qualitative detection and the quantitative determination of the target analytes, respectively. This review focuses on assays that are based on analyte-mediated regulation of nanoparticles’ formation and differentiate them from standard nanoparticle-based assays which rely on pre-synthesized nanoparticles. Firstly, the principles of analyte-mediated nanomaterial sensors are described and then they are discussed with emphasis on the sensing strategies, the signal transduction mechanisms, and their applications. Finally, the main advantages, as well as the limitations of this approach, are discussed and compared with assays that rely on pre-synthesized nanoparticles in order to highlight the major advances accomplished with this type of nano-sensors and elucidate challenges and opportunities for further evolving new nano-sensing strategies.
Graphical abstract
Assessment of long-term structural movements in a historic cliffside construction through Lomb-Scargle spectral analysis of unevenly spaced time records: the Punta Begoña Galleries (Getxo, Spain)
Authors: Uriarte J. A. , Morales-Juberías R. , Clemente J. A. , Antiguedad I. , Morales T. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLong-term monitoring of structural movements in historic buildings and heritage sites allows assessing their stability and recognizing damages that require intervention. The Punta Begoña Galleries, built in the earlier part of the twentieth century, present pioneering techniques in the use of reinforced concrete in building construction. They stand directly over a coastal cliff, and their recovery requires first to guarantee their stability, while maintaining their historic and patrimonial values. Thus, with the goal of analyzing their global stability, as well as the extent of the observed damages, we implemented a motion monitoring network that includes three boreholes for extensometric control, an inclinometer, and five crack gauges (crackmeters). This monitoring was complemented with the recording of hydrometeorological variables at the surface and in four piezometers. The spectral analysis of the signals of movements was performed by introducing the use of the Lomb-Scargle (LS) periodogram, which is particularly well-suited for the analysis of unevenly spaced time series. This analysis allowed us to differentiate the reversible seasonal elastic components of the records and to recognize the irreversible long-term plastic displacements, which highlight the sectors with active instability. In our case, the identified damages are related to two local problems of building support. Even though the irreversible component of the displacement after seasonal sinusoidal detrending is small (with maximums up to 0.12 mm/year), it does imply a dynamic plastic deformation, which calls for the need to adopt structural stabilization measures.
Diode laser versus sclerotherapy: bloodless approaches in the treatment of oral pyogenic granuloma (randomised controlled clinical trial)
Authors: Anwar Souzy Kamal , Edward Sandra Nabil , ELSayed Naguiba Mahmoud 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOral pyogenic granuloma (PG) is traditionally treated by surgical excision which is associated with bleeding, pain and a high rate of recurrence. Our research aimed to clinically assess the effectiveness of diode laser versus sclerotherapy, as bloodless approach, in the treatment of oral PG. We randomly divided 20 patients with oral PG into two groups, with those in the test group being managed via diode laser application and those in the control group via injections of ethanolamine oleate as a sclerosing agent. All patients were evaluated intraoperatively for bleeding severity and postoperatively for pain. The quality of healing was also assessed using Landry healing index after the 1st, 2nd and 4th weeks. Additionally, the patients were recalled after 3, 6 and 9 months from the end of treatment for recurrence evaluation. Our results revealed that intraoperative bleeding did not differ significantly between both groups while postoperative pain decreased significantly in the sclerotherapy group compared to the laser group. For different intervals, the sclerotherapy group had a higher healing quality index than the laser group, although the difference was not statistically significant. However, recurrence occurred in the laser group, there were no cases of recurrence in the sclerotherapy group in all intervals. In conclusion, diode laser treatment of PG is a reliable, less invasive, and sensitive procedure that requires an experienced operator and specialised equipment. However, ethanolamine oleate sclerotherapy is an inexpensive, simple technique besides being less prone to recurrence problems, especially when treatment duration is not a concern.
Fascioloides magna and other liver parasites in cloven-hoofed game from northeastern Bavaria, Germany: occurrence and pathological findings with special emphasis on red deer (Cervus elaphus)
Authors: Sommer Marie Franziska , Drdlicek Juliana , Müller Matthias , Thelemann Andrea , Just Frank Thomas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The first detection of Fascioloides (F.) magna in northeastern Bavaria in 2011 was presumably correlated to natural migration movements of free ranging wild ruminants originating from the neighboring Czech Republic, where high infection rates have been reported frequently. To gain more data on the continuing spreading and current occurrence of the giant liver fluke in surrounding regions, 700 livers of cloven-hoofed game originating from eleven different northeastern Bavarian counties were investigated for the presence of F. magna and accompanying liver parasites in the hunting season 2019–2020. Macroscopically altered liver tissue was further investigated by pathohistological and parasitological examination. F. magna was detected in 5.9% (38/640) of livers from red deer (0.7% < 1 year, 9.8% > 1 year; p < 0.05) whereas none of the investigated livers of wild boar, roe, and fallow deer was infected (n=60). Mild pathological alterations of the liver tissue were documented in 15, moderate in 14, and major in 9 of all F. magna-positive cases. Histologically, the fluke-specific pigment haematin, large trematode eggs, and periportal fibrosis were detected in the liver tissue of infected animals. In 9% of all investigated livers, parasitic stages of other parasites, i.e., Dicrocoelium dendriticum (6.0%), Fasciola hepatica (0.3%), Taenia spp. (1.7%), and Echinococcus multilocularis (1.0%), were found. According to the results of this study, F. magna is not restricted to formerly known affected regions of Upper Franconia, but is also present in the military training ground Grafenwöhr, Upper Palatinate, and the Bavarian Forest National Park, Lower Bavaria, with estimated prevalences of 3.6 and 16.4%, respectively, and thus seems to spread in suitable habitats in northeastern Bavaria.
Decadal changes in the basin-wide heat budget of the mid-latitude North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Kawai Yoshimi , Nagano Akira , Hasegawa Takuya , Tomita Hiroyuki , Tani Masanobu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractResearch has indicated that the meridional heat transport (MHT) in the North Pacific Ocean (NP) across 24°N increased in the 1980s and 1990s, resulting in different heat distributions: the ocean heat content (OHC) increased in the 1980s, while the net surface heat release was strengthened in the 1990s; however, the reasons for these differences remained unclear. The authors revisited the investigation of the heat budget in the NP mainly using hydrographic observations to understand why the heat distribution was different between these 2 decades and extend the analysis to the 2010s. The OHC in the upper 700 m north of 24°N and east of 137°E exhibited sharp increases around 1990 as well as in the 2010s, while it was nearly stable in between. The northward retreat of the subarctic gyre boundary coincided with the spin-up of the subtropical gyre in the late 1980s, thereby allowing warm anomaly from the subtropics to propagate northeastward. Meanwhile, the concurrent weakening of the wintertime westerlies resulted in the suppression of the surface heat loss in the western NP. In contrast, the southward shift of the subarctic front suppressed the OHC rise, despite the MHT increase in the late 1990s. In the 2010s, unprecedented warming occurred in the eastern NP. The MHT estimation based on hydrographic observations indicates that the net surface release must have been suppressed since the MHT did not increase; however, the latest atmospheric reanalysis datasets failed to reproduce this.
Mapping, quantifying and comparing seascape heterogeneity of Southwest Indian Ridge seamounts
Authors: Swanborn D. J. B. , Huvenne V. A. I. , Pittman S. J. , Rogers A. D. , Taylor M. L. , Woodall L. C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractContextSeamounts are abundant geomorphological features creating seabed spatial heterogeneity, a main driver of deep-sea biodiversity. Despite its ecological importance, substantial knowledge gaps exist on the character of seamount spatial heterogeneity.ObjectivesThis study aimed to map, quantify and compare seamount seascapes to test whether individual habitats and seamounts differ in geomorphological structuring, and to identify spatial pattern metrics useful to discriminate between habitats and seamounts.MethodsWe mapped and classified geomorphological habitat using bathymetric data collected at five Southwest Indian Ridge seamounts. Spatial pattern metrics from landscape ecology are applied to quantify and compare seascape heterogeneity in composition and configuration represented in resulting habitat maps.ResultsWhilst part of the same regional geological feature, seamounts differed in seascape composition and configuration. Five geomorphological habitat types occurred across sites, which within seamounts differed in patch area, shape and clustering, with ridge habitat most dissimilar. Across seamounts, the spatial distribution of patches differed in number, shape, habitat aggregation and intermixing, and outcomes were used to score seamounts on a gradient from low to high spatial heterogeneity.ConclusionsAlthough seamounts have been conceptualised as similar habitats, this study revealed quantitative differences in seascape spatial heterogeneity. As variations in relative proportion and spatial relationships of habitats within seamounts may influence ecological functioning, the proposed quantitative approach can generate insights into within-seamount characteristics and seamount types relevant for habitat mappers and marine managers focusing on representational ecosystem-based management of seamounts. Further research into associations of sessile and mobile seamount biodiversity with seascape composition and configuration at relevant spatial scales will help improve ecological interpretation of metrics, as will incorporating oceanographic parameters.
The Platformization of Science: Towards a Scientific Digital Platform Taxonomy
Authors: da Silva Neto Victo José , Chiarini Tulio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite the existence of studies addressing the historical development of digital platforms, none of them has yet drawn a coherent and comprehensive interpretation of the emergence of scientific digital platforms. The previous literature (i) focuses on specific scientific practices; (ii) does not reach far enough back into the past; (iii) does not cover all relevant groups of social actors; (iv) does not propose a taxonomy for scientific digital platforms; and (v) does not provide a definition for scientific digital platforms. We propose in this paper a long-term view (from 1990 onwards), allowing us to identify the participation of distinct groups of social actors—within State, Market and Science subsystems—in the process of science platformization. Dialoguing with the most up-to-date literature, we broaden our understanding of the ongoing process of platformization of the research life cycle, proposing a taxonomy and a definition for scientific digital platforms. The evidence provided throughout the paper unveils that (i) the changes (caused by platformization) in each of the phases of the research cycle are not at all linear and are not happening simultaneously; (ii) actors from different subsystem played important roles in the platformization of science; and, (iii) specific categories of platforms have consolidated themselves as infrastructures and certain scientific infrastructures have been platformed, although this varies by category.
On the Effectiveness of Domestic Rainwater Harvesting Systems to Support Urban Flood Resilience
Authors: Palla Anna , Gnecco Ilaria 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe effectiveness of domestic rainwater harvesting (DRWH) systems to support urban flood resilience is analysed at the sub-catchment scale, according to a specific DRWH conversion scenario, under 4 degrees of urbanization, 3 drainage network configurations, 4 precipitation regimes and 3 return periods of the rainfall event. At this aim, a suitable modelling framework is implemented: the semi-distributed hydrologic-hydraulic model is undertaken using EPASWMM 5.1.007 where specific tools are developed to simulate DRWH systems at high spatial resolution. The effectiveness of the DRWH systems simulated for the 144 different cases, is analysed at the event scale by using the Volume and Peak Reduction indexes to measure the hydrologic performance. The dimensionless variable, namely the event storage fraction, is defined in order to easily describe the DRWH effectiveness. The event storage fraction is defined as the ratio between the event runoff volume resulting from the impervious surface of the urban catchment in the reference scenario and the storage capacity of the DRWH systems. Modelling results confirm that DRWH catchment-scale applications allow to support specific stormwater control requirements based on peak-flow or volume regulations strategies. Findings of the elaboration reveal for a typical residential catchment in the Italy-France cross-border coastal area, that DRWH effectiveness in supporting the urban flood management becomes significant (i.e. Volume and Peak Reduction indexes greater than 0.2) starting from a storage event fraction of 0.4 that means realizing storage tanks able to contain at least the 40% of runoff volume generated by the targeted event at the sub-catchment scale.
Maladaptive Daydreaming and Its Relationship with Psychopathological Symptoms, Emotion Regulation, and Problematic Social Networking Sites Use: a Network Analysis Approach
Authors: Chirico Ilaria , Volpato Eleonora , Landi Giulia , Bassi Giulia , Mancinelli Elisa , Gagliardini Giulia , Gemignani Micol , Gizzi Giulia , Manari Tommaso , Moretta Tania , Rellini Emanuela , Saltarelli Beatrice , Mariani Rachele , Musetti Alessandro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe present
study investigated the patterns of mutual associations between maladaptive daydreaming-related variables (MD, i.e., interference with life and somatosensory retreat), psychopathological symptoms (i.e., depression, anxiety, somatization, obsessive–compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, psychoticism), emotion regulation strategies (i.e., cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression), and problematic social networking sites use (PSNSU). A total of 531 young adults completed self-report measures through an online survey shared on social network groups. Two network models were performed on 297 young adults with probable MD (MDers) (Mage = 23.2, SD = 2.7) vs. 234 non-MDers (Mage = 23.4, SD = 2.6). Results showed that, compared to non-MDers, MDers showed significantly higher scores in all the study variables, except for cognitive reappraisal. Moreover, in the MDers network, the following patterns were identified: (i) no connections between the cluster of psychopathological symptoms, and neither cognitive reappraisal nor expressive suppression; (ii) a connection, through obsessive–compulsive (OC) symptoms, between the cluster of psychopathological symptoms and MD-interference with life; and (iii) a connection between PSNSU and MD-interference with life. Accordingly, the Network Comparison Test evidenced that the network structures of MDers vs. non-MDers were significantly different (M = .24; p = .01). Overall, higher scores on psychopathological symptoms in MDers provide support to the assumption that MD is a clinical condition, in which OC symptoms may play a critical role. Additionally, the association of PSNSU and MD-interference with life suggests that MDers might rely on PSNSU as a maladaptive emotion regulation strategy. Under this scenario, MD may be regarded as a potential vulnerability factor for PSNSU.
Gender and Racial Representation Trends Among Internal Medicine Department Chairs from 2010–2020
Authors: Samuel Anita , Cervero Ronald M. , Durning Steven J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Quality medical education, reduction in health disparities, and healthcare research that includes all members of society are enhanced by diversity in departments of internal medicine (IM). Research on increasing diversity within the academic medicine student body or faculty notes the important role of leadership. Yet, there is a scarcity in research into diversity in leadership.

Objective
The purpose of this study is to go beyond aggregate numbers and answer the question: What is the level of parity representation, by gender and race, at department chair positions in academic IM departments?

Design
A cross-sectional analysis of race/ethnicity and gender in IM medical school departments from 2010 to 2020 was conducted using data from the American Association of Medical College’s (AAMC) Faculty Roster. The proportion of IM department chairs to IM faculty by race/ethnicity for each year (2010–2020) was used to calculate the Leadership Parity Index (LPI) in this study. LPI by gender and by gender and race/ethnicity were also calculated for each year.

Results
In aggregate numbers, Black or African American and Hispanic, Latino, or of Spanish Origin faculty remain under-represented in academic IM each making up, on average, approximately 4% of the total IM faculty. The LPI calculations revealed that faculty who identified as White were consistently over-represented as department chairs while Asian faculty were consistently under-represented in leadership and ranked lowest in leadership parity among the ethnic groups studied. The leadership parity index also showed that women faculty across all races were under-represented.

Conclusion
Women and Asian faculty encounter a ceiling effect that may be at play in IM departments. While significant progress still needs to be made in the representation of under-represented minorities, the findings of this study show that aggregate data does not provide a true picture of equity and parity in Internal Medicine faculties.
Effect of pH fluctuations on the biodegradability of nanocomposite Mg-alloy in simulated bodily fluids
Authors: Zohdy K. M. , El-Sherif Rabab M. , El-Shamy A. M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAccording to the National Institute of Health, the biodegradability, non-toxic nature, and remarkable natural and mechanical properties of magnesium and its components make them desirable choices for use in the production of supplies for biomedical implantation. Simulated bodily fluid (SBF) is used as a standard electrolyte for in vitro corrosion research. Each SBF module's independent and synergistic corrosion effects are studied in this study. Artificial pH variations increase degradation, according to the results. This experiment examined the Mg corrosion submerged in a SBF solution. The effect of pH changes on the rate of corrosion of Mg immersed in standard SBF solution was investigated. According to the previously published study, the corrosion process of Mg has been confirmed by scanning electron microscopy observations of damaged surface morphology. Because of these investigations, pH 7 was selected as the pH for bodily fluids since it is neutral.
Physicochemical Characterization of Texture-Modified Pumpkin by Vacuum Enzyme Impregnation: Textural, Chemical, and Image Analysis
Authors: Hernández Sergio , Gallego Marta , Verdú Samuel , Barat José M. , Talens Pau , Grau Raúl 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTexture-modified pumpkin was developed by using vacuum enzyme impregnation to soften texture to tolerable limits for the elderly population with swallowing and chewing difficulties. The impregnation process and macrostructural and microstructural enzyme action were explored by the laser light backscattering imaging technique and a microscopic study by digital image analysis. Texture was analyzed by a compression assay. The effect of enzyme treatment on antioxidant capacity and sugar content was evaluated and compared to the traditional cooking effect. Image analysis data demonstrated the effectiveness of the impregnation process and enzyme action on plant cell walls. Enzyme-treated samples at the end of the process had lower stiffness values with no fracture point, significantly greater antioxidant capacity and significantly lower total and reducing sugars contents than traditionally cooked pumpkins. The results herein obtained demonstrate the capability of using vacuum impregnation treatment with enzymes to soften pumpkins and their positive effects on antioxidant capacity and sugar content to develop safe and sensory-accepted texture-modified products for specific elderly populations.
Why the Epistemic Objection Against Using Sentience as Criterion of Moral Status is Flawed
Authors: Dung Leonard 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAccording to a common view, sentience is necessary and sufficient for moral status. In other words, whether a being has intrinsic moral relevance is determined by its capacity for conscious experience. The epistemic objection derives from our profound uncertainty about sentience. According to this objection, we cannot use sentience as a criterion to ascribe moral status in practice because we won’t know in the foreseeable future which animals and AI systems are sentient while ethical questions regarding the possession of moral status are urgent. Therefore, we need to formulate an alternative criterion. I argue that the epistemic objection is dissolved once one clearly distinguishes between the question what determines moral status and what criterion should be employed in practice to ascribe moral status. Epistemic concerns are irrelevant to the former question and—I will argue—criteria of moral status have inescapably to be based on sentience, if one concedes that sentience determines moral status. It follows that doubts about our epistemic access to sentience cannot be used to motivate an alternative criterion of moral status. If sentience turns out to be unknowable, then moral status is unknowable. However, I briefly advocate against such strong pessimism.