bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient acceptability, continuation and complication rates with immediate postpartum levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion at caesarean section and vaginal birth
Authors: Wojcik Natasha , Watkins Leah , Nugent Rachael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundImmediate postpartum long‐acting reversible contraception (LARC) has been shown to reduce unintended pregnancy but uptake of this type of contraception in Australia is low compared to European counterparts.AimsTo assess self‐reported continuation rates, complications and satisfaction in patients having immediate postpartum hormonal intrauterine device (IUD) inserted at caesarean section (CS) or after vaginal birth (VB).Materials and methodsRetrospective cohort study of all patients with immediate postpartum hormonal IUD insertion over three years at a tertiary maternity service. Primary outcomes were patient satisfaction, continuation and expulsion rates. Secondary outcomes were reason for discontinuation, patient‐reported complications, attendance for postpartum check with a general practitioner (GP) and rate of unplanned pregnancy. Simple descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data.ResultsOne hundred and ninety‐three women had a hormonal IUD inserted and 143 consented to involvement (CS n = 79; VB n = 64). Six and 12 months continuation rates for CS were 60.8% and 54.4%, and VB were 46.9% and 39.1%. The most common reasons for removal were: pain (34.5%), heavy or irregular bleeding (25.9%) and partial expulsion (24.1%). Expulsion was more likely after VB (34.1%) than CS (10.1%), (odds ratio 2.72; 95% CI 1.07–6.90; P = 0.036). There were 60.8% of women post‐CS and 56.3% of women post‐VB who were satisfied with their decision to have immediate postpartum insertion and most women attended routine postpartum follow‐up with their GP (89.5%).ConclusionImmediate postpartum hormonal IUD insertion in this cohort is associated with higher rates of expulsion and lower satisfaction rates compared to those documented in the literature for delayed postpartum insertion cohorts.
Early‐onset colorectal cancer: why it should be high on our list of differentials
Authors: Garrett Celine , Steffens Daniel , Solomon Michael , Koh Cherry 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundEarly‐onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) (<50 years) incidence has increased in Australia and worldwide. However, the diagnosis of EOCRC is often delayed. Recent research has discovered some differences from later‐onset colorectal cancer (LOCRC) (>50 years). An awareness of the unique features of EOCRC is crucial to reduce time from symptom onset to diagnosis.MethodsA literature search was conducted on electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library) using the search terms “early onset colorectal cancer” or “young onset colorectal cancer.”ResultsThe American Cancer Society has reduced the colorectal cancer screening initiation age to 45 for average‐risk adults whilst screening programmes in the United Kingdom and Australia remain unchanged with initiation at 60 and 50, respectively. Exposures resulting in dysbiosis (obesity, westernised diet, alcohol, antibiotic and sugar‐sweetened beverage consumption) have been linked with increased EOCRC risk. EOCRC is often left‐sided presenting with rectal bleeding, altered bowel habit and constitutional symptoms. EOCRC is more commonly sporadic than hereditary, harbouring different genetic mutations than LOCRC. Comparative survival outcomes of EOCRC and LOCRC are conflicting with studies suggesting either better or poorer survival. Young patients better tolerate treatment‐related toxicities, which may account for their improved survival despite comparatively advanced stages and poorer histopathological features at diagnosis.ConclusionCurrent EOCRC literature is limited by American‐focused datasets and heterogenous EOCRC definitions and study designs (the greatest strength of evidence exists for EOCRC risk factor studies comprised of large retrospective cohorts). There is minimal research into the quality of life and surgical outcomes of EOCRC patients, and this area warrants further investigation.
Nutrition adequacy, gastrointestinal, and hepatic function during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in critically ill adults: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Visvalingam Rozanne , Ridley Emma , Barnett Adrian , Rahman Tony , Fraser John F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsTo identify clinical and biochemical markers associated with nutrition adequacy and gastrointestinal and liver dysfunction in adults on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).MethodsA retrospective, observational, study was conducted at 2 centres in Australia. Adult patients who received ECMO from July 2011 to June 2015 were included. Mode of ECMO used, fluid balance, number of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria present, vasoactive‐inotropic scores (VIS) and liver function tests (LFTs) were collected for the duration of ECMO until 7 days after ECMO cessation. Multiple regression models were used to determine if the collected variables were associated with nutrition adequacy. The mean LFTs during ECMO were also compared to mean LFTs post ECMO cessation.ResultsDuring the first 5 days of ECMO commencement, mean nutrition adequacy was 10% higher in the veno‐venous (VV) ECMO group than in the veno‐arterial (VA) group (95% confidence interval [CI], 2% to 17%). For every 5000 ml increase of fluid balance, an associated decrease in nutrition adequacy was observed (−8%, 95% CI: −15% to −2%). A doubling of bilirubin and VIS were associated with a mean reduction in nutrition adequacy of −5% (95% CI –8% to −2%) and − 2% (95% CI: −3% to −1%), respectively.ConclusionsIn the first 5 days of ECMO commencement, higher nutrition adequacy was associated with the VV mode of ECMO and reduced nutrition adequacy with increased fluid balance, more vasopressor and inotropic support and raised bilirubin. Prospective investigation is required to confirm whether these associations have a causal relationship.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during the first three waves of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: A retrospective single‐center registry study
Authors: Widmeier Eugen , Wengenmayer Tobias , Maier Sven , Benk Christoph , Zotzmann Viviane , Staudacher Dawid L. , Supady Alexander 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite increasing knowledge about the optimal treatment for patients with severe COVID‐19, data from different cohorts suggested that survival of patients treated with ECMO seemed to decline over the course of the pandemic.MethodsIn this non‐interventional retrospective single‐center registry study we analyzed all consecutive patients tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and supported with VV ECMO in our center during the first three waves of the pandemic. From March 2020 through June 2021, 59 patients have been included.ResultsOverall 90‐day survival was 32%. Besides changes in drug treatment for COVID‐19 and a lower PaO2/FiO2 ratio before ECMO initiation during the third wave, all other patient baseline characteristics were similar during the three waves. Survival rate was highest during the first wave and lowest during the third wave, yet this difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionsVV ECMO has shown to be a feasible and safe support option for patients with severe respiratory failure due to COVID‐19. The results from this single‐center study confirm findings from other cohorts showing declining survival rates of patients treated with VV ECMO during the COVID‐19 pandemic, however, the specific reasons for this finding remain unclear.
Virtual surgical planning and data ownership: Navigating the provider‐patient‐vendor relationship
Authors: Konicki William S. , Wasmuht‐Perroud Vivian , Aaron Chase A. , Caplan Arthur L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe practice of modern craniomaxillofacial surgery has been defined by emergent technologies allowing for the acquisition, storage, utilization, and transfer of massive amounts of sensitive and identifiable patient data. This alone has thrust providers into an unlikely and unprecedented role as the stewards of vast databases of digital information. This data powers the potent surgical tool of virtual surgical planning, a method by which craniomaxillofacial surgeons plan and simulate procedural outcomes in a digital environment. Further complicating this new terrain is the involvement of third‐party contractors—a necessary presence in bringing raw data to bear in the office, virtual space, and operating room. The individual privileges and responsibilities of patients, providers, and vendors towards data are situated within the most recent U.S. court rulings and regulations. This paper offers guidance for overseeing the safe and responsible transfer to third‐party contractors, and provides suggestions for negotiating the trinary relationship between physicians, their patients, and the vendors offering this transformative technology.
The unequal impact of Covid‐19 on the lives and rights of the children of modern slavery survivors, children in exploitation and children at risk of entering exploitation
Authors: Jiménez Erika , Brotherton Vicky , Gardner Alison , Wright Nicola , Browne Hannah , Esiovwa Nancy , Dang Minh , Wyman Emily , Bravo‐Balsa Liana , Lucas Benjamin , Gul Mohsen , Such Elizabeth , Trodd Zoe 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article discusses the unequal impact of Covid‐19 on the lives of the children of survivors of modern slavery, child victims of exploitation and children at risk of exploitation in the UK. It draws on research that has analysed the risks and impacts of Covid‐19 on victims and survivors of modern slavery. It explores how pandemic responses may have hindered these children's rights to education, food, safety, development and participation and representation in legal processes. It suggests that the pandemic should be used as an impetus to address inequalities that existed pre‐Covid‐19 and those that have been exacerbated by it.
Room for space in agencification reforms: A tale of three Italian museums
Authors: Bonini Baraldi Sara , Di Mascio Fabrizio , Ferri Paolo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe debate on agencification in the public sector has traditionally overlooked the influence of space on how autonomy unfolds in practice. Starting with the contention that organizing and space are interweaved, the study analyzes the early stages of the agencification process of three Italian museums and reveals that space is a constraint to, and an enabler of, de facto autonomy for newly created entities. Space is a constraint when spatial changes are temporally misaligned with the agencification process, including directorship cycles. On the other hand, space enables de facto autonomy, as it is purposely modified to accommodate new demands and needs by newly appointed managers. The paper maintains that policy makers and site managers should seriously consider space when dealing with agencification reforms, paying attention to the revenue and cost implications of spatial solutions, and the areas of responsibility concerning buildings and objects.
Improvement of the water solubility and emulsifying capacity of rice proteins through the addition of isolated soy protein
Authors: Baek Manhee , Mun Saehun 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThe market for rice protein (RP) has been steadily growing, but applications of RPs as food ingredients and functional materials are limited due to poor solubility in water. Here, the complex of RP and isolated soy protein (ISP) was prepared, and the potential utility of RP–ISP complex as an emulsifier was evaluated. The solubility of the RP solution was 25.8% whereas it was greatly increased to 68.4% in the RP–ISP complex. The properties of RP and RP–ISP complex were assessed by scanning electron microscope, gel electrophoresis, circular dichroism, and surface hydrophobicity test. Next soybean oil emulsions were prepared using the RP and RP–ISP complex. The RP‐stabilised emulsion was unstable to storage. In contrast, the RP–ISP complex‐stabilised emulsions showed good stability, especially when more than 0.2% ISP was added. These data suggest that the preparation of soluble RPs by ISP could expand the applications of RP in the food industry.
Structural, morphological and rheological characterisation of bovine serum albumin–cress seed gum complex coacervate
Authors: Hamedi Fatemeh , Razavi Seyed Mohammad Ali , Sharif Ali 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThe interactions between the bovine serum albumin (BSA) and cress seed gum (CSG) were investigated by structural, morphological and rheological characterisation as a function of pH level (7.0–2.0) and biopolymers’ concentrations (BSA, 0.1%, 0.5% and 1%, w/w and CSG, 0.01%, 0.05% and 0.1%, w/w). The results showed that turbidity, zeta potential and coacervate yield values had correlations with the initial number of biopolymers, which are influenced by the level of the positive and negative charges of BSA and CSG. Furthermore, the optimal complexation conditions in terms of pH, CSG‐BSA content and yield were 3.5%, 0.05–0.1% and 61.17% respectively. Rheological properties revealed the formation of a weakly gel‐like structure with a shear‐thinning behaviour. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) authenticated an amorphous and branch‐like network structure in the coacervate phase respectively. These results reflect that CSG‐BSA complex coacervate could be an appropriate biopolymer carrier for susceptible and bioactive compounds.
Microbiological, physicochemical and structural characteristics of natural salted casings treated with antibacterial agents
Authors: Jiang Qixing , Fu Yuhan , Gao Pei , Yu Dawei , Xia Wenshui 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThis study aimed to investigate the effects of antibacterial agent ultrasonic immersion on the quality of salted casings in terms of microorganism, physicochemical characters and structure characteristics. The results showed that citric acid immersion had the most significant effect as compared to that of control samples, with a reduction of 1.00, 1.65 and 1.66 log CFU g−1 in Staphylococcus, Halophile and Psychrophiles compared to control samples respectively. Citric acid and tea polyphenol treatment increased the elongation at break of casings by 11.3% and 10.4%, and the most significant increase in the tensile strength of samples with chitosan oligosaccharide was 13.7%. Meanwhile, all samples were not discriminative in colour, collagen solubility, water solubility, thermal swelling and thermal shrinking rate. Furthermore, a compact and dense casing surfaces found by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images after antibacterial agent treatment. Therefore, antibacterial agent immersion has the potential to control microorganisms’ growth, improve mechanical properties and extend the application field of salted casings.
Texture and rehydration properties of texturised soy protein: analysis based on soybean 7S and 11S proteins
Authors: Liu Ying , Huang Ze‐Hua , Hu Zhe‐Xin , Yu Zhuo , An Hong‐Zhou 
Published: April 2022

SummarySoy protein, one of the most commonly used raw materials for texturised vegetable protein, has an important influence on texturised soy protein (TSP) with its 7S and 11S fractions. In this study, soy 7S and 11S proteins were extracted from soybean isolate and added back to the raw material to prepare TSP and analyse the effect of both on the physical properties of TSP. The results showed that the addition of 5% soy 7s or 11s protein increased the water‐holding capacity (up to 9.04%) and rehydration rate (up to 25.71%) of TSP. Compared with adding soy 11s protein, adding soy 7s protein has a faster rehydration rate at a lower temperature (30 and 45 °C). After extrusion, the content of free sulphhydryl groups, total sulphhydryl groups, and disulphide bonds was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). The extrusion treatment caused degradation of the protein chains, and the proteins mainly formed insoluble polymers. Electrophoretic analysis revealed that the sodium dodecyl‐sulphate (SDS) reducing the extractable rate of the precipitate after SDS non‐reduction extraction of the TSP added with 5% soy 7S and 11S proteins were lower than that of the control. The proportion of different soybean protein components in TSP could change its texture, water‐holding, and rehydration characteristics of it, which provides a new method for the characteristics design of TSP.
Osteopontin/secreted phosphoprotein‐1 harnesses glial‐, immune‐, and neuronal cell ligand‐receptor interactions to sense and regulate acute and chronic neuroinflammation
Authors: Yim Ashley , Smith Christian , Brown Amanda M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOsteopontin (OPN) also known by its official gene designation secreted phosphoprotein‐1 (SPP1) is a fascinating, multifunctional protein expressed in a number of cell types that functions not only in intercellular communication, but also in the extracellular matrix (ECM). OPN/SPP1 possesses cytokine, chemokine, and signal transduction functions by virtue of modular structural motifs that provide interaction surfaces for integrins and CD44‐variant receptors. In humans, there are three experimentally verified splice variants of OPN/SPP1 and CD44’s ten exons are also alternatively spiced in a cell/tissue‐specific manner, although very little is known about how this is regulated in the central nervous system (CNS). Post‐translational modifications of phosphorylation, glycosylation, and localized cleavage by specific proteases in the cells and tissues where OPN/SPP1 functions, provides additional layers of specificity. However, the former make elucidating the exact molecular mechanisms of OPN/SPP1 function more complex. Flexibility in OPN/SPP1 structure and its engagement with integrins having the ability to transmit signals in inside‐out and outside‐in direction, is likely why OPN/SPP1 can serve as an early detector of inflammation and ongoing tissue damage in response to cancer, stroke, traumatic brain injury, pathogenic infection, and neurodegeneration, processes that impair tissue homeostasis. This review will focus on what is currently known about OPN/SPP1 function in the brain.
Moving on after critical incidents in health care: A qualitative study of the perspectives and experiences of second victims
Authors: Buhlmann Melanie , Ewens Beverley , Rashidi Amineh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsTo gain a deeper understanding of nurses and midwives' experiences following involvement in a critical incident in a non‐critical care area and to explore how they have 'moved‐on' from the event.DesignAn interpretive descriptive design guided inductive inquiry to interpret the meaning of moving‐on.MethodsPurposive sampling recruited 10 nurses and midwives. Data collection comprised semi‐structured interviews, memos and field notes. Data were concurrently collected and analysed during 2016–2017 with NVivo 11. The thematic analysis enabled a coherent analytical framework evolving emerging themes and transformation of the data into credible interpretive description findings, adhering to the COREQ reporting guidelines.ResultsThe findings revealed five main themes: Initial emotional and physical response, the aftermath, long‐lasting repercussions, workplace support and moving‐on.ConclusionThis study shed light on the perceptions of nurses and midwives who lived through the impact of critical incidents. Through their lens, the strategies engaged in to move‐on were identified and their call for organizational and collegial support received a voice.
A real‐world, non‐interventional, prospective study of the effectiveness and safety of apremilast in bio‐naïve adults with moderate plaque psoriasis treated in the routine care in Greece – the ‘APRAISAL’ study
Authors: Ioannides D. , Antonakopoulos N. , Chasapi V. , Oikonomou C. , Tampouratzi E. , Lazaridou E. , Rigopoulos D. , Neofotistou O. , Drosos A. , Anastasiadis G. , Rovithi E. , Kalinou C. , Papadavid E. , Aronis P. , Papageorgiou M. , Protopapa A. , Bassukas I. , Lefaki I. , Zafiriou E. , Krasagakis K. , Pokas E. , Anagnostopoulos Z. , Kekki A. , Papakonstantis M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundReal‐world data in patients with moderate psoriasis treated with apremilast is limited.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness and safety of apremilast in bio‐naïve patients with moderate psoriasis in real‐world clinical settings.MethodsThis was a 52‐week multicenter, observational, prospective study of adult outpatients with moderate psoriasis {[10% < body surface area < 20% or 10 < psoriasis area severity index (PASI) < 20] and 10 < dermatology quality of life index (DLQI) < 20} initiated on apremilast ≤7 days before enrollment. Missing data were imputed using the last observation carried forward method.ResultsA total of 287 eligible patients (median age: 54.2 years; median psoriasis duration: 9.8 years) were consecutively enrolled. At baseline, the median DLQI and PASI scores were 12.0 and 11.8, respectively. The 52‐week DLQI ≤ 5 and PASI75 response rates were 68.3% and 61.0%. At 52 weeks, 70.8% and 72.7% of the patients shifted from moderate/severe/very severe to clear/minimal scalp and palmoplantar psoriasis involvement, respectively; the pruritus severity state improved in 67.2%. The 52‐week Kaplan–Meier estimated drug continuation rate was 85.3%. The adverse drug reaction rate was 19.9%.ConclusionsApremilast is a safe and effective treatment for bio‐naïve patients with moderate psoriasis and specific psoriasis manifestations.
Restraint practice in the somatic acute care hospital: A participant observation study
Authors: Thomann Silvia , Zwakhalen Sandra , Siegrist‐Dreier Sandra , Hahn Sabine 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAims and ObjectivesWe aimed to describe daily restraint practices and the factors which influence their use, from an outsider's perspective.BackgroundA reduction in restraint use is recommended in health care. However, somatic acute care hospital settings currently lack effective reduction strategies. Thus far, hospital restraint practice is described in terms of quantitative assessments and the ‘insider’ view of healthcare professionals. However, as factors such as routine or personal beliefs seem to play a relevant role in restraint use, these approaches might be incomplete and biased.DesignA qualitative observation study design was employed.MethodsFieldwork with unstructured participant observation was conducted at a department of geriatrics and a department of intensive care in Switzerland between November 2019 and January 2020. Data were recorded as field notes. The analysis was conducted iteratively in two coding cycles using descriptive coding followed by pattern coding. We adhered to the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR).ResultsA total of 67 hours of observation were conducted. We found that daily restraint practice can be described in three categories: the context in which restraints are used, the decision‐making process on the use and continued use of restraints, and the avoidance of restraint use. Most processes and decisions seem to take place unconsciously, and their standardisation is weak.ConclusionsThe lack of standardisation favours intuitive and unreflective action, which is prompted by what is also known as heuristic decision‐making. To transform daily restraint practice, a technical solution that leads restraint management in line with ethical and legal requirements might be useful.Relevance to clinical practiceThe outsider perspective has allowed daily restraint practice to be described independently of existing routines, departmental cultures and personal attitudes. This is important to comprehensively describe restrictive practices, which is a prerequisite for the development of effective restraint reduction strategies.