bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zur Theorie der Randles‐Sevčikschen Kathodenstrahl‐Polarographie
Authors: Matsuda Hiroaki , Ayabe Yuzo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUnter der Voraussetzung, daß die Elektrode nur einen potentialbestimmenden Vorgang enthält und die Diffusionsvorgänge durch die eindimensional einseitig unendlich ausgedehnte, ruhende Phase verlaufen, wird die theoretische Analyse der Stromspannungskurve der Randles‐Sevčikschen Kathodenstrahl‐Polarographie durchgeführt. Gemäß der Größe der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit des Elektrodenvorganges beim Gleichgewichtspotential kG können die Stromspannungskurven in drei Fälle, nämlich in reversible, „quasi”︁‐reversible und irreversible Fälle, eingeteilt werden. Man erhält bei 25°C1. den reversiblen Fall, wenn kG > 0,3 √ n v (cm · sec−1),2. den „quasi”︁‐reversiblen Fall, wenn 0, 3 √ n v > kG > 2.10−5 √ n v (cm · sec−1),3. den irreversiblen Fall, wenn kG < 2 · 10−5 √n v (cm · sec−1).(n = Zahl der Elektronen, die bei dem Elektrodenvorgang aufgenommen bzw. abgegeben werden, v = Geschwindigkeit der Spannungsänderung.) Für jeden Fall wird die allgemeine Formel der Stromspannungskurve abgeleitet. Weiterhin ergeben sich auch die Ausdrücke für die Spitzenstromstärke, das Spitzenpotential und die Differenz zwischen dem Halbspitzen‐ und Spitzenpotential.Zuletzt zeigt es sich, daß man den Durchtrittsfaktor und die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit des Elektrodenvorganges aus den experimentellen Daten für diese drei charakteristischen Werte ermitteln kann. Als Beispiele werden für einige Ionen die Auswertungen durchgeführt.
Design, fabrication, and characterization of a multimodal reconfigurable bioreactor for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Montorsi Margherita , Genchi Giada G. , De Pasquale Daniele , De Simoni Giorgio , Sinibaldi Edoardo , Ciofani Gianni 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the past decades, bone tissue engineering developed and exploited many typologies of bioreactors, which, besides providing proper culture conditions, aimed at integrating those bio‐physical stimulations that cells experience in vivo, to promote osteogenic differentiation. Nevertheless, the highly challenging combination and deployment of many stimulation systems into a single bioreactor led to the generation of several unimodal bioreactors, investigating one or at mostly two of the required biophysical stimuli. These systems miss the physiological mimicry of bone cells environment, and often produced contrasting results, thus making the knowledge of bone mechanotransduction fragmented and often inconsistent. To overcome this issue, in this study we developed a perfusion and electroactive‐vibrational reconfigurable stimulation bioreactor to investigate the differentiation of SaOS‐2 bone‐derived cells, hosting a piezoelectric nanocomposite membrane as cell culture substrate. This multimodal perfusion bioreactor is designed based on a numerical (finite element) model aimed at assessing the possibility to induce membrane nano‐scaled vibrations (with ~12 nm amplitude at a frequency of 939 kHz) during perfusion (featuring 1.46 dyn cm−2 wall shear stress), large enough for inducing a physiologically‐relevant electric output (in the order of 10 mV on average) on the membrane surface. This study explored the effects of different stimuli individually, enabling to switch on one stimulation at a time, and then to combine them to induce a faster bone matrix deposition rate. Biological results demonstrate that the multimodal configuration is the most effective in inducing SaOS‐2 cell differentiation, leading to 20‐fold higher collagen deposition compared to static cultures, and to 1.6‐ and 1.2‐fold higher deposition than the perfused‐ or vibrated‐only cultures. These promising results can provide tissue engineering scientists with a comprehensive and biomimetic stimulation platform for a better understanding of mechanotransduction phenomena beyond cells differentiation.
The lymphatic system throughout history: From hieroglyphic translations to state of the art radiological techniques
Authors: van Schaik Caroline J. , Boer Lucas L. , Draaisma Jos M. T. , van der Vleuten Carine J. M. , Janssen Jan Jaap , Fütterer Jurgen J. , Schultze Kool Leo J. , Klein Willemijn M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA comprehensive lymphatic system is indispensable for a well‐functioning body; it is integral to the immune system and is also interrelated with the digestive system and fluid homeostasis. The main difficulty in examining the lymphatic system is its fine‐meshed structure. This remains a challenge, leaving patients with uninterpreted symptoms and a dearth of potential therapies. We review the history of the lymphatic system up to the present with the aim of improving current knowledge. Several findings described throughout history have made fundamental contributions to elucidating the lymphatic system. The first contributions were made by the ancient Egyptians and the ancient Greeks. Vesalius obtained new insights by dissecting corpses. Thereafter, Ruysch (1638–1731) gained an understanding of lymphatic flow. In 1784, Mascagni published his illustration of the whole lymphatic network. The introduction of radiological lymphography revolutionized knowledge of the lymphatic system. Pedal lymphangiography was first described by Monteiro (1931) and Kinmonth (1952). Lymphoscintigraphy (nuclear medicine), magnetic resonance imaging, and near‐infrared fluorescence lymphography further improved visualization of the lymphatic system. The innovative dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance lymphangiography (DCMRL) transformed understanding of the central lymphatic system, enabling central lymphatic flow disorders in patients to be diagnosed and even allowing for therapeutic planning. From the perspective of the history of lymph visualization, DCMRL has ample potential for identifying specific causes of debilitating symptoms in patients with central lymphatic system abnormalities and even allows for therapeutic planning.
The exon 12‐containing LHX6 isoforms promote cervical cancer cell proliferation by regulating the MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Ling , Zhou Ying , Cao Canhui , Lin Shitong , Zhi Wenhua , Zhang Danya , Li Jie , Wei Rui , Jiang Guiying , Xu Hanjie , Wang Xueqian , Xi Ling , Wu Peng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLIM homeobox 6 (LHX6) has been reported to be downregulated and inhibits cell proliferation in various cancers. Alternative splicing of LHX6 leads to six annotated isoforms, which can be found in the NCBI database. However, the expression patterns and potential roles of these isoforms remain poorly characterized in cervical cancer. Here, we demonstrated that the LHX6 isoforms containing exon 12 (LHX6EX(+12) group) and isoforms lacking exon 12 (LHX6EX(–12) group) were differentially expressed in cervical tissue by qRT‐PCR. The mRNA expression level of LHX6EX(+12) group was higher than that of LHX6EX(−12) group in cervical cancer tissue. Knockdown of LHX6EX(+12) group and all LHX6 isoforms (LHX6All group) inhibited cell growth, increased cell apoptosis, and induced cell cycle arrest from G0/G1 phase to S phase in vitro. Consistently, overexpression of the LHX6EX(+12) group promoted cervical cancer cell proliferation in vitro. In contrast, no significant differences in cell proliferation were found between LHX6EX(−12) isoform knockdown group and its control. RNA‐sequencing suggested that the LHX6EX(+12) isoform group might exert its cancer‐promoting effects in cervical cancer via regulating MAPK signaling pathway. Downregulation of the LHX6EX(+12) group significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of MRK, ERK, JNK, and P38 at the protein level. We also identified some unique biological processes and signaling pathways in which each isoform group might be involved. In summary, our results indicated that LHX6EX(+12) isoform group was the dominant oncogenic type of LHX6 in cervical cancer, which may be a new biomarker and a potential precise therapeutic target for cervical cancer in the future.
Adiponectin and the risk of gastrointestinal cancers in East Asians: Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Jiang Hua , Hu Daojun , Wang Jun , Zhang Bo , He Chiyi , Ning Jiyu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdiponectin is an important adipocytokine and has been associated with the risks of gastrointestinal cancers (GICs). Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis is needed to assess the causal relationships between adiponectin and GICs.MethodsWe retrieved the summary data of genome‐wide association studies for adiponectin and six types of GICs in East Asians. A series of quality control steps were performed to select the eligible genetic instrumental tools. Horizontal pleiotropy and between‐SNP heterogeneity were tested to choose the primary MR method. We also conducted sensitivity analyses to test the robustness of the main findings.ResultsWe detected neither heterogeneity nor horizontal pleiotropy for the eligible SNPs in all of the MR analyses. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) was therefore used as the primary method, and suggested that per 10% increase in log‐transformed adiponectin level was significantly associated with a decreased risk of gastric cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 0.88, 95% CI 0.81, 0.96), whereas with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (OR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.09, 1.44) and of biliary tract cancer (OR = 1.54, 95% CI 1.12, 2.12). However, only the association between adiponectin and HCC risk was statistically significant after correction for multiple testing. No statistically significant association was detected between adiponectin and esophageal (OR = 1.05, 95% CI 0.89, 1.23), pancreatic (OR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.78, 1.37), and colorectal cancers (OR = 1.00, 95% CI 0.93, 1.07). Sensitivity analyses did not find contradictory results.ConclusionHigh level of adiponectin may have a causal effect on and can serve as a biomarker for the carcinogenesis of gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and biliary tract cancer.
Multiple symptomatic giant coronary aneurysms
Authors: Vukomanovic Damir , Unzek Samuel , Reichert William , Mookadam Farouk 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe describe a rare case of coronary artery aneurysms due to Kawasaki disease in an elderly patient. Our case presents multiple giant coronary artery aneurysms affecting the left coronary system which is less common compared with right coronary aneurysms. Giant coronary artery aneurysms are uncommon; even more rare is their association with ischemic symptoms, and treatment can be challenging. We describe a case of symptomatic multiple coronary artery aneurysms with symptom relief after coronary artery bypass grafting in an elderly patient.
Single‐Entity Electrochemical Detection of As‐Prepared Metallic and Dielectric Nanoparticle Stochastic Impacts in a Phosphonium Ionic Liquid
Authors: Ahmadinasab Nazanin , Stockmann Talia Jane 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNanoparticles (NPs) are of considerable interest, owing to their enhanced catalytic activity and optical properties. Ionic liquids (ILs) are employed as a medium to prepare small (<20 nm in diameter) and relatively low dispersity (typically, ±1–2 nm) NPs. While ensemble techniques (e. g., UV/Vis) can provide a great deal of information, increasingly, single‐entity electrochemistry (SEE) has been used to provide physical insight into individual NP catalysis and dynamics. Herein, Pt NP impact current spikes for particles prepared in the IL phase and based on electrocatalytic amplification (ECA) of the borohydride oxidation reaction (BOR) were recorded during i‐t measurements. Additionally, direct oxidative LiBH4 nanocrystal (NC) impact signals were observed herein for the first time. By quantifying the charge transferred during the stochastic collision events, the radius of the NCs (rNC) was calculated (∼5.5 nm) and compares favorably with TEM images. Critically, small additions (1 % v/v) of a molecular, polar organic solvent (tetrahydrofuran, THF) disrupt the ILs supramolecular fluidic nature, which enhances NC impact frequency and the aggregation of Pt NPs.
Taming of the DIBAL Promoted Debenzylation of α‐Cyclodextrin. Kinetics, Substituent Effects and Efficient Synthesis of Lings Tetrol**
Authors: Bols Mikael , Friis Victor 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe kinetics of the reaction of perbenzyl α‐cyclodextrin was studied varying the concentration of DIBAL and substrate, and the temperature. The initial debenzylation was found to be 1st order in substrate and follow the relationship 0.0675+0.179[DIBAL]2 with respect to the concentration of DIBAL. The second and the third debenzylation which led to the 3A,6A,6D‐triol (Lings triol) were both found to be 1st order in substrate concentration and zero order in DIBAL concentration. Longer reaction times with DIBAL in high concentration gave further debenzylation to comparatively complex mixtures containing the 2B,3A,6A,6D‐tetrol and the 3A,6A,6C,6D‐tetrol. In contrast reaction at 0.1 M DIBAL gave the symmetrical 3A,6A,3D,6D‐tetrol (Lings tetrol) in 60 % yield. The effect of chlorine or methyl substitution of the phenyl groups of perbenzyl α‐cyclodextrin was also investigated. Per 4‐chlorobenzyl slowed down the reaction with DIBAL, while 4‐methylbenzyl increased the reaction rate, but still gave the corresponding 6 A‐monool or 6A,6D‐diol products. A Hammett reaction constant of −4.9 was found for the first debenzylation showing a high degree of positive charge in the transition state. The per(2,4‐dichlorobenzyl)‐α‐cyclodextrin‐derivative was completely resistant to DIBAL, however upon addition of trimethyl aluminium this derivative also reacted to give the 6A,6D‐diol product.
Boosting Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution over Ce−Co9S8 Core–Shell Nanoneedle Arrays by Electronic and Architectural Dual Engineering
Authors: Liu Kun , Zhu Zhuoya , Jiang Mengqi , Li Liangcheng , Ding Linfei , Li Meng , Sun Dongmei , Yang Gaixiu , Fu Gengtao , Tang Yawen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn dual electronic and architectural engineering strategy is a good way to rationally design earth‐abundant and highly efficient electrocatalysts of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for sustainable hydrogen‐based energy devices. Here, a Ce‐doped Co9S8 core–shell nanoneedle array (Ce−Co9S8@CC) supported on a carbon cloth has been designed and developed to accelerate the sluggish kinetics of the OER. Profiting from valance alternative Ce doping, a fine core–shell structure and vertically aligned nanoneedle arrayed architecture, Ce−Co9S8@CC integrates modulated electronic structure, highly exposed active sites, and multidimensional mass diffusion channels; together, these afford a favorable catalyzed OER. Ce−Co9S8@CC exhibits remarkable performance in the OER in an alkaline medium, where the overpotential requires only 242 mV to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for the OER; this is 70 mV superior to that of Ce‐free Co9S8 catalyst and other counterparts. Good stability and impressive selectivity (nearly 100 % Faradic efficiency) are also demonstrated. When integrated into a two‐electrode OER//HER electrolyzer, the as‐prepared Ce−Co9S8@CC displays a low operation potential of 1.54 V at 10 mA cm−2 and long‐term stability, thus demonstrating great potential for economical water electrolysis.
Homologous recombination deficiency is inversely correlated with microsatellite instability and identifies immunologically cold tumors in most cancer types
Authors: Budczies Jan , Kluck Klaus , Beck Susanne , Ourailidis Iordanis , Allgäuer Michael , Menzel Michael , Kazdal Daniel , Perkhofer Lukas , Kleger Alexander , Schirmacher Peter , Seufferlein Thomas , Stenzinger Albrecht 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHomologous recombination deficiency (HRD) leads to DNA double‐strand breaks and can be exploited by the use of poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors to induce synthetic lethality. Extending the original therapeutic concept, the role of HRD is currently being investigated in clinical trials testing immune checkpoint blockers alone or in combination with PARP inhibitors, but the relationship between HRD and immune cell context in cancer is incompletely understood. We analyzed the association between immune cell composition, gene expression, and HRD in 9,041 tumors of 32 solid cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The numbers of genomic scars were quantified by the HRD sum score (HRDsum) including loss of heterozygosity, large‐scale state transitions, and telomeric allelic imbalance. The T‐cell inflamed gene expression profile correlated weakly, but significantly positively, with HRDsum across cancer types (ρ = 0.17). Within individual cancer types, a significantly positive correlation was observed only in breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and four other cancer types, but not in the remaining 26 cancer types. HRDsum and tumor mutational burden (TMB) correlated significantly positively across cancer types (ρ = 0.42) and within 18 cancer types. HRDsum and a proliferation metagene correlated significantly positively across cancer types (ρ = 0.52) and within 20 cancer types. Mismatch repair deficiency and HRD as well as proofreading deficiency showed a high level of exclusivity. High HRD scores were associated with an immunologically activated tumor microenvironment only in a minority of cancer types. Our data favor the combination of genetic markers, complex genomic markers (including HRDsum and TMB), and other molecular markers (including proliferation scores) for a precise and comprehensive read‐out of the tumor biology and an individually tailored treatment.
A Patent Review on FDA‐Approved Antibody‐Drug Conjugates, Their Linkers and Drug Payloads
Authors: Chia C. S. Brian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAntibody‐drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as a promising class of biologics since the first approval of Gemtuzumab ozogamicin in 2000. Compared to small molecule drugs, ADCs are structurally much more complex as they comprise of an antibody conjugated to cytotoxic payloads by specially‐designed linkers. Correspondingly, the ADC patent landscape is also much more complex. This review collates and discusses the patents protecting ADCs approved by the FDA up to 31 December 2021, with particular emphasis on their linker and cytotoxin payload technologies.
Engineered Exosomes as a Photosensitizer Delivery Platform for Cancer Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Dao Anyi , Kushwaha Rajesh , Kumar Ashish , Huang Huaiyi , Banerjee Samya 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT), a non‐/minimally invasive cancer treatment method, has the advantages of low side effects, high selectivity, and low drug resistance. It is currently a popular cancer treatment method. However, given the shortcomings of photosensitizers such as poor photostability, poor water solubility, and short half‐life in vivo when used alone, the development of photosensitizer nano‐delivery platforms has always been a research hotspot to overcome these shortcomings. In the human body, various types of cells generally release bilayer extracellular vesicles known as exosomes. Compared with traditional materials, exosomes are currently an ideal drug delivery platform due to their homology, low immunogenicity, easy modification, high biocompatibility, and natural carrying capacity. Therefore, in this concept, we focus on the research status and prospects of engineered exosome‐based photosensitizer nano‐delivery platforms in cancer PDT.
Providing assurance and scrutability on shared data and machine learning models with verifiable credentials
Authors: Barclay Iain , Preece Alun , Taylor Ian , Radha Swapna Krishnakumar , Nabrzyski Jarek 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAdopting shared data resources requires scientists to place trust in the originators of the data. When shared data is later used in the development of artificial intelligence (AI) systems or machine learning (ML) models, the trust lineage extends to the users of the system, typically practitioners in fields such as healthcare and finance. Practitioners rely on AI developers to have used relevant, trustworthy data, but may have limited insight and recourse. This article introduces a software architecture and implementation of a system based on design patterns from the field of self‐sovereign identity. Scientists can issue signed credentials attesting to qualities of their data resources. Data contributions to ML models are recorded in a bill of materials (BOM), which is stored with the model as a verifiable credential. The BOM provides a traceable record of the supply chain for an AI system, which facilitates on‐going scrutiny of the qualities of the contributing components. The verified BOM, and its linkage to certified data qualities, is used in the AI scrutineer, a web‐based tool designed to offer practitioners insight into ML model constituents and highlight any problems with adopted datasets, should they be found to have biased data or be otherwise discredited.
A social hybrid recommendation system using LSTM and CNN
Authors: Daneshvar Hirad , Ravanmehr Reza 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWith the ever‐increasing use of Internet and social networks that generate a vast amount of information, there is a serious need for recommendation systems. In this article, we propose a recommender system utilizing deep neural networks that simultaneously considers both the users' ratings to the movies and the visual features of the movie poster and trailer. For this purpose, a hybrid movie recommender system, RSLCNet, has been developed using CNN and LSTM architectures. The proposed system considers the dynamics of users' interests in the collaborative filtering engine using the LSTM network that receives user‐rating sequences. In the content‐based filtering engine, utilizing CNN, the visual features of movie posters and trailers are extracted, and along with the actors and the directors, similar movies are recommended to the user. Moreover, each user's social influence is calculated employing the social information available on the user's Twitter account and used in the average movie rating to improve the effectiveness of the content‐based filtering part. The required datasets have been collected from MovieTweetings, Mise‐en‐scène, and OMDB. The evaluation results show that the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed approach have been improved in terms of MAE and RMSE compared to the best available methods.
Analyzing Spatial Transcriptomics Data Using Giotto
Authors: Del Rossi Natalie , Chen Jiaji G. , Yuan Guo‐Cheng , Dries Ruben 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSpatial transcriptomic technologies have been developed rapidly in recent years. The addition of spatial context to expression data holds the potential to revolutionize many fields in biology. However, the lack of computational tools remains a bottleneck that is preventing the broader utilization of these technologies. Recently, we have developed Giotto as a comprehensive, generally applicable, and user‐friendly toolbox for spatial transcriptomic data analysis and visualization. Giotto implements a rich set of algorithms to enable robust spatial data analysis. To help users get familiar with the Giotto environment and apply it effectively in analyzing new datasets, we will describe the detailed protocols for applying Giotto without any advanced programming skills. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Getting Giotto set up for useBasic Protocol 2: Pre‐processingBasic Protocol 3: Clustering and cell‐type identificationBasic Protocol 4: Cell‐type enrichment and deconvolution analysesBasic Protocol 5: Spatial structure analysis toolsBasic Protocol 6: Spatial domain detection by using a hidden Markov random field modelSupport Protocol 1: Spatial proximity–associated cell‐cell interactionsSupport Protocol 2: Assembly of a registered 3D Giotto object from 2D slices