bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corporate social irresponsibility: What we know and what we need to know
Authors: Iborra María , Riera Marta 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCorporate social irresponsibility (CSI) is a critical issue for managers and researchers. In fact, the number of studies on this subject from diverse literature is rapidly increasing, seeking to answer questions regarding the core elements of CSI, its antecedents, and consequences. This paper offers a comprehensive literature review of this topic, identifying and assessing previous studies, synthesizing their findings, and highlighting knowledge gaps. Additionally, it offers recommendations regarding how to move forward. Our review identified 155 studies published from 1962 to 2020 that describe the antecedents, outcomes, mediators, and moderators of CSI according to different levels of analysis. We contribute to the social issues in management literature in that we analyze the facilitators and inhibitors of CSI and the consequences for firms using a multilevel approach. Finally, we provide guidance for future research by assessing the core elements that define the level of irresponsibility—harm to others and intentionality.
A lumped‐element balun design with multi‐interference suppression for push–pull power amplifier
Authors: Ma Wei , Wang Meiyu , Yan Xiang , Qin Kefan , Xiao Zhiming , Hu Weibo 
Published: December 2022

SummaryIn this article, a lumped‐element balun with multi‐interference suppression is implemented and presented. Originated from the conventional lattice LC balun, the balun combining two Π‐networks is expended to four new topologies. By constructing frequency traps and out‐of‐phase combining pathways, the new topologies can realize two‐ or three‐interference suppression while maintaining well‐matched input/output impedances. The concept is studied theoretically in both even and odd mode circuits, and analytical design equations are also derived. Based on the design theory, four interference suppression balun topologies are proposed for push–pull power amplifiers. To verify the design concept, two of the four topologies working at 1 GHz are prototyped and measured. The measured results agree well with the analysis and simulation results. The two baluns both achieve good performance with low insertion loss better than −3.9 dB, low return loss less than −13.6 dB, good interference suppression more than 24.7 dB, and small phase unbalance less than 0.8°. Furthermore, the proposed balun is used in a gallium nitride push–pull power amplifier to validate the 2nd and 3rd harmonic suppression. The amplifier works at 1 GHz with a typical gain of 16.7 dB. At least −45 dBc interference suppression, 52.6% power‐added efficiency, and 34.6 dBm P1dB output power are obtained.
Maternal distress, DNA methylation, and fetal programing of stress physiology in Brazilian mother–infant pairs
Authors: Wiley Kyle S. , Camilo Caroline , Gouveia Gisele , Euclydes Verônica , Panter‐Brick Catherine , Matijasevich Alicia , Ferraro Alexandre Archanjo , Fracolli Lislaine Aparecida , Chiesa Anna Maria , Miguel Euripedes Constantino , Polanczyk Guilherme V. , Brentani Helena 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMaternal prenatal psychosocial stress is associated with adverse hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPAA) function among infants. Although the biological mechanisms influencing this process remain unknown, altered DNA methylation is considered to be one potential mechanism. We investigated associations between maternal prenatal psychological distress, infant salivary DNA methylation, and stress physiology at 12 months. Mother's distress was measured via depression and anxiety in early and late pregnancy in a cohort of 80 pregnant adolescents. Maternal hair cortisol was collected during pregnancy. Saliva samples were collected from infants at 12 months to quantify DNA methylation of three stress‐related genes (FKBP5, NR3C1, OXTR) (n = 62) and diurnal cortisol (n = 29). Multivariable linear regression was used to test for associations between prenatal psychological distress, and infant DNA methylation and cortisol. Hair cortisol concentrations in late pregnancy were negatively associated with two sites of FKBP5 (site 1: B = −22.33, p = .003; site 2: B = −15.60, p = .012). Infants of mothers with elevated anxiety symptoms in late pregnancy had lower levels of OXTR2 CpG2 methylation (B = −2.17, p = .03) and higher evening salivary cortisol (B = 0.41, p = .03). Furthermore, OXTR2 methylation was inversely associated with evening cortisol (B = −0.14, p‐value ≤ .001). Our results are, to our knowledge, the first evidence that the methylation of the oxytocin receptor may contribute to the regulation of HPAA during infancy.
Inclusion of juvenile stages improves diversity assessment and adds to our understanding of mite ecology – A case study from mires in Norway
Authors: Seniczak Anna , Seniczak Stanisław , Iturrondobeitia J. Carlos , Marciniak Martyna , Kaczmarek Sławomir , Mąkol Joanna , Kaźmierski Andrzej , Zawal Andrzej , Schwarzfeld Marla D. , Flatberg Kjell Ivar 
Published: December 2022

AbstractArachnid orders, Mesostigmata, Trombidiformes, and Sarcoptiformes, commonly known as ‘mites’, are abundant in mires, both as adults and as juveniles. However, due to the challenges of identification, the juvenile forms are often excluded from analyses. This is the first study in mires that included all three mite orders identified to the species level, including juvenile instars. We aimed to compare how diversity and the response to ecological variables differed if only the adults (ad) vs. the total number of specimens (ad+juv) are considered. Samples of 20Sphagnumspecies (five subgenera) were collected and mites were extracted using Berlese funnels. Overall, nearly 60,000 mites were analyzed; of these Mesostigmata made up 1.87% of the total, Trombidiformes −0.27%, and Sarcoptiformes −97.86%. The study revealed 154 species (33 Mesostigmata, 24 Trombidiformes, and 97 Sarcoptiformes), the highest diversity of mites ever reported from mires. The inclusion of juveniles increased observed species richness by 6%, with 10 species (one Mesostigmata, six Trombidiformes, and three Sarcoptiformes) represented only by juvenile forms. Seventeen species are new to Norway (four Mesostigmata, one Sarcoptiformes, and 12 Trombidiformes, including five undescribed species of Stigmaeidae and Cunaxidae). Four of these were represented in the samples only by juveniles. Including the juveniles explained a greater amount of the variability of Trombidiformes (explanatory variables account for 23.60% for ad, and 73.74% for ad+juv) and Mesostigmata (29.23% − ad, 52.91% − ad+juv), but had less of an impact for Sarcoptiformes (38.48% − ad, 39.26% − ad+juv). Locality,Sphagnumsubgenus and species, wetness, and trophic state significantly affected the mite communities and should be taken into consideration when studying mires. Since juvenile stages contribute significantly to mite diversity in mires, they should also be included in mite studies in other habitats.
High consistency of trophic niches in generalist arthropod species (Oribatida, Acari) across soil depth and forest type
Authors: Lu Jing‐Zhong , Cordes Peter Hans , Maraun Mark , Scheu Stefan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMany traits including trophic niche parameters are attributed to species. However, generalist species may vary in trophic niches with environments, making species‐based knowledge hard to extrapolate beyond local food webs. Here we tested trophic consistency in oribatid mite species (Acari), one of the most abundant arthropods that occupy all trophic levels in soil food webs. We used stable isotope analysis to compare trophic niches of 40 Oribatida species that co‐occur in litter (OL) and soil (0–5 cm, mainly OF/H, AH) of five forest types (native European beech, non‐native Douglas fir, range‐expanding Norway spruce, two beech–conifer mixed forests). Although stable isotope signatures of bulk material differed between litter and soil,13C and15 N values of Oribatida species were remarkably stable irrespective of soil depth. Furthermore, Oribatida were more enriched in13C in European beech than in coniferous forests, but forest type little affected15 N values of Oribatida across a range of site conditions. We conclude that Oribatida species occupy virtually identical trophic niches (δ13C and δ15N values) irrespective of the soil depth they colonize and that forest management including non‐native tree species little affects trophic position (δ15N values) of oribatid mites. Our findings suggest that the trophic position can be used as a trait in community analysis of Oribatida across forest ecosystems. Our results further indicate that trophic niches of generalist species can be highly consistent irrespective of environment.
A multi‐level exploration of the relationship between temperature and species diversity: Two cases of marine phytoplankton
Authors: Gao Junfeng , Su Qiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe relationship between temperature (T) and diversity is one of the most important issues in ecology. It provides a key direction not only for exploring the determinants of diversity's patterns, but also for understanding diversity's responses to climate change. Previous studies suggested that T–diversity relationships could be positive, negative, or unimodal. Although these studies accumulated many informative achievements, they might be unsatisfied due to (1) investigating inadequate range of T, (2) selecting incomplete diversity metrics, and (3) making insufficiently detailed analysis of correlation. In this study, species diversity is estimated by four most commonly used diversity metrics and three parameters of species abundance distribution (SAD), and two global datasets of marine phytoplankton (covering a wider range of T) are used to evaluate the T–diversity relationships according to a piecewise model. Results show that all aspects of diversity (except evenness) have the similar relationship with T in the range of lower T, noting that diversity significantly increases as T increases. However, in the range of higher T, diversity may significantly decrease or nearly constant, which indicates that their relationships may be the unimodal or asymptotic. The asymptotic relationship found by this study is assumed that increasing diversity with T will gradually approach the Zipf's law (1:1/2:1/3…). If such assumption can be verified by future investigations, the intrinsic mechanism of the asymptotic relationship is likely to be crucial in understanding the T–diversity relationships.
Prey capture by the non‐native carnivorous pitcher plant Sarracenia purpurea across sites in Britain and Ireland
Authors: Whatmore Rebecca , Wood Paul J. , Dwyer Ciara , Millett Jonathan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe carnivorous pitcher plant Sarracenia purpurea is native to North America, but has been introduced into Europe, where it is now widespread. Understanding of how this species functions in its non‐native range is limited. We measured pitcher morphology and prey capture by S. purpurea in its non‐native range in Britain and Ireland. Pitchers were removed from different plants at each of six bogs covering the species range in Britain and Ireland (n = 10 pitchers per site). For each pitcher we counted and identified every prey item and took measurements of morphology. We also compiled prey capture data for existing studies in Europe and North America. Prey capture characteristics varied between sites in Britain and Ireland. The amount of prey captured varied 20‐fold between sites and was partially explained by differences in pitcher size; larger pitchers caught more prey. The primary prey was Formicidae, Diptera and Coleoptera. At the rank of order, prey composition varied between bogs, some contained mainly Formicidae, some mainly Diptera and some a mix. Prey capture was less evenly distributed at some bogs compared to others, suggesting more specialization. There was no overall difference in prey capture (composition or evenness) at the rank of order between plants in Europe compared to those in North America. At the rank of species, prey capture varied between populations even within the same order. This study demonstrates a large amount of variability between sites in prey capture characteristics. This may reflect different site characteristics and/or plant strategies, which will likely impact plant function, and may impact the inquiline community. In terms of prey capture at the rank of order, S. purpurea functions identically in its non‐native range. This supports its use as a model system in a natural experiment for understanding food webs.
eDNA metabarcoding reveals high soil fungal diversity and variation in community composition among Spanish cliffs
Authors: Krah Franz‐Sebastian , March‐Salas Martí 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEnvironments characterized by physical extremes harbor unique species diversity with particular adaptations. Cliffs are harsh environments for organisms but host a great diversity of specialized plants with many endemics, rare and even endangered species. It is, however, less known which fungal diversity the cliff habitats contain and whether it differs among different cliff locations. We thus sampled soil from three separate cliff locations in the North, Centre, and South of Spain and used eDNA metabarcoding to determine fungal diversity. To better understand whether cliff specialist plants may promote particular fungal communities, we have sampled soil from crevices with cliff specialist plants and no apparent plants as controls. Major lifestyles found in cliff soils were saprotrophs, and major fungal orders were Dothideomycetes, Sordariomycetes, and Eurotiomycetes, while the amount of symbiotrophic fungi was relatively low. We found no significant differences in fungal amplicon sequence variant (ASV) richness among the three sampled locations, but the sites were significantly different in their community composition and their main indicator species. Overall, there were no significant differences in fungal ASV richness or composition between soils from cliff specialist plants and soils without plants, suggesting a unique fungal diversity in cliff soils independent from specialized plants. However, preliminary findings on soils of the specialist cliff plant Sedum dasyphyllum against control soils suggest that the presence of a specialist plant may be a relevant factor affecting the specificity of the fungal community in cliff soils. Our results indicate the existence of particular cliff fungal communities in each location, and that, despite limited and poorly developed soils and harsh conditions, cliffs can harbor a great diversity of fungal species, comparable to other ecosystems of Spain. This study points out that some fungi may be cliff‐specific, shaping particular communities that mediate plant adaptations to cliffs' extreme conditions.
Stemflow metazoan transport from common urban tree species (São Paulo, Brazil)
Authors: Lima Marcelle Teodoro , Urso‐Guimarães Maria Virginia , Van Stan John Toland , Tonello Kelly Cristina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFor precipitation to reach the surface of vegetated ecosystems, it must first pass through the canopy. A portion of precipitation, stemflow, drains down branches to the stem. This stemflow may wash canopy‐dwelling animals (metazoans) into the litter and soils below; however, stemflow metazoans transport has typically been ignored in past research. In fact, the visual presence of metazoans in stemflow collection bins was reported as “contamination” in past research. Thus, we know little about these organisms' transfer from plant canopies to the surface. To investigate this topic, we monitored metazoan concentrations and composition within stemflow that drained from eight urban tree species (n = 3 per species) over 12 months. Annual (±SE) stemflow recorded from all 24 sampled trees was 19.6 (±3.3) mm (2.3% rainfall). Analysis of 288 samples found 1,307 individuals distributed into seven classes (16 orders) and one organism at phylum level. Considering all trees (n = 24), the annual mean metazoan density in stemflow was 8.6 individuals L−1. Among tree species, there were considerable variations, ranging from 1.0 to 17 individuals L−1. Annual metazoan transport per tree ranged from 20 to 376 individuals m−2y−1. The most common taxa observed in stemflow from this site included Arachnida (10%), Collembola (33%) and Insecta (56%). Variability in metazoan density within and across species was high, but individual trees with the highest metazoan stemflow density and flux were those with large diameter and exfoliating bark structure. This study demonstrates that stemflow can transport a substantial and diverse meso‐ and macro‐fauna to the surface of urban forests. Future work may be merited on the fate and/or role of these metazoans in litter and soil systems.
Turning up the heat: Long‐term water quality responses to wildfires and climate change in a hypereutrophic lake
Authors: De Palma‐Dow Angela , McCullough Ian M. , Brentrup Jennifer A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractClear Lake (Lake County, CA, USA) is hypereutrophic and used for drinking water, tribal use, and supports a significant fishing economy. The Mendocino Complex (2018), one of the largest wildfires in California's post‐settlement history, burned 40% of the Clear Lake watershed, providing a timely opportunity to study the impacts of historical and current wildfires on this valuable aquatic resource. Using long‐term monthly monitoring data from 1968 to 2019, paired with historical watershed fire data, we found that for the three largest fire years in the watershed's history, 3‐year postfire median July–October epilimnetic total phosphorus (TP) concentrations were below or equal to 3‐year prefire TP concentrations. However, both median TP epilimnetic concentrations and deepwater temperature across the lake have increased since the late 1960s. Long‐term TP increases were more strongly correlated with monthly maximum air temperatures than precipitation, suggesting a potential role of warming‐induced water column stratification, dissolved oxygen (DO) depletion, and high potential for internal phosphorus loading. Hypoxic occurrences were correlated with higher hypolimnetic soluble reactive phosphorus and TP concentrations, but additional high‐frequency monitoring of DO will help determine the duration of anoxia and its contribution to internal phosphorus loading. These long‐term data suggest that for this large, hypereutrophic lake, wildfires did not significantly alter in‐lake TP concentrations based on long‐term, monthly monitoring and that other internal or external sources of TP may mask any wildfire effects. Nonetheless, our study underscores the value of synthesizing decades of water quality, watershed wildfire, and climate data to build a more comprehensive, nuanced picture of multiple long‐term threats to aquatic ecosystems under global change. Moreover, monitoring and studying fire effects across a wide range of lake types beyond this study will help promote more effective lake management during changing climates and increasingly frequent large wildfires.
Invasive rodent responses to experimental and natural hurricanes with implications for global climate change
Authors: Shiels Aaron B. , Ramírez de Arellano Gabriela E. , Shiels Laura 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHurricanes cause dramatic changes to forests by opening the canopy and depositing debris onto the forest floor. How invasive rodent populations respond to hurricanes is not well understood, but shifts in rodent abundance and foraging may result from scarce fruit and seed resources that follow hurricanes. We conducted studies in a wet tropical forest in Puerto Rico to better understand how experimental (canopy trimming experiment) and natural (Hurricane Maria) hurricane effects alter populations of invasive rodents (Rattus rattus [rats] and Mus musculus [mice]) and their foraging behaviors. To monitor rodent populations, we used tracking tunnels (inked and baited cards inside tunnels enabling identification of animal visitors' footprints) within experimental hurricane plots (arborist trimmed in 2014) and reference plots (closed canopy forest). To assess shifts in rodent foraging, we compared seed removal of two tree species (Guarea guidonia and Prestoea acuminata) between vertebrate‐excluded and free‐access treatments in the same experimental and reference plots, and did so 3 months before and 9 months after Hurricane Maria (2017). Trail cameras were used to identify animals responsible for seed removal. Rat incidences generated from tracking tunnel surveys indicated that rat populations were not significantly affected by experimental or natural hurricanes. Before Hurricane Maria there were no mice in the forest interior, yet mice were present in forest plots closest to the road after the hurricane, and their forest invasion coincided with increased grass cover resulting from open forest canopy. Seed removal of Guarea and Prestoea across all plots was rat dominated (75%–100% rat‐removed) and was significantly less after than before Hurricane Maria. However, following Hurricane Maria, the experimental hurricane treatment plots of 2014 had 3.6 times greater seed removal by invasive rats than did the reference plots, which may have resulted from rats selecting post‐hurricane forest patches with greater understory cover for foraging. Invasive rodents are resistant to hurricane disturbance in this forest. Predictions of increased hurricane frequency from expected climate change should result in forest with more frequent periods of grassy understories and mouse presence, as well as with heightened rat foraging for fruit and seed in preexisting areas of disturbance.
Spatial patterning of Wyoming big sagebrush indicates negative density dependence
Authors: Chenoweth Damaris A. , Burke Ingrid C. , Lauenroth William K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPlants reflect resource use in their spatial patterning. Competition for limited resources—such as available soil water in a dryland ecosystem—drives establishment, growth, and mortality, resulting in shifts of spatial arrangement over time. We characterized the spatial patterning of two big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata subspecies wyomingensis) communities in the upper Green River Basin of Wyoming, USA. We mapped big sagebrush canopies in two, 100‐m2 sites and calculated plant neighborhoods as the area closer to a target plant than to any other plant. We assumed that neighborhoods were areas in which the target plant dominates resource use. We found that plant neighborhoods had strong, positive correlations with plant size, indicating that larger neighborhoods may access more belowground resources. We also found that the relationships between experienced crowding, that is, crowding index (CI) by an average neighbor, and neighborhood size, were consistently negative regardless of calculation method. We also found that the residuals of a regression of target plant biomass and neighborhood area were strongly related to the CI calculated via all methods. This means that plants with smaller neighborhoods than expected also experience the greatest crowding by an average neighbor. These results are consistent with negative density dependence and show that greater static crowding predicts smaller neighborhoods in two, undisturbed, intermediate‐successional big sagebrush communities. In the future, similar studies of spatial patterning that include interspecific plant–plant interactions will be useful for understanding the relationship between spatial patterning and negative density dependence.