bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smart grid (SG) properties and challenges: an overview
Authors: Abdullah Ahmed A. , Hassan Tarek M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe electric power system is undergoing considerable changes in operation, maintenance, and planning as a result of the integration of Renewable Energy Resources (RERs). The transition to a smart grid (SG), which employs advanced automation and control techniques, brings with it new difficulties and possibilities. This paper provides an overview of next-generation smart grids by presenting the most current and cutting-edge developments in the SG sector. This paper discusses the benefits, drawbacks, and prospects of smart grids. The difficulties of integrating RERs into the grid, as well as alternative energy storage solutions, are discussed. The unpredictable nature of resources has an impact on RER output. The energy storage system is critical in dealing with RERs’ unpredictable nature and ensuring a smooth and reliable supply to load demand. Smart energy systems provide a number of problems and possibilities in terms of developing, integrating, and implementing electrical grids that incorporate network and communication technologies, as well as important privacy and security concerns for various components within the grid. This paper also shows the influence of SGs on distributed energy generation, as well as a comparative analysis on electric cars (EVs), including classification, i.e., battery, and hybrid electric vehicles, as well as current difficulties and challenges in EV technology. A discussion of SG protection concerns and their resolution is also included.
A dynamic failure mode and effects analysis for train systems failures risk assessment using FCM and prospect theory
Authors: Wang Weizhong , Wang Yi , Han Xiao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractImproving the reliability of railway train systems and preventing potential failures in the train operation process is one of the most significant tasks. The failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is the most effective and widely applied technique for identification, evaluation, and prevention risk of potential failures in diverse fields. Nevertheless, current risk prioritization approaches for FMEA overlook the transfer of decision makers’ risk preferences under different risk states of potential failures. In addition, little attrition has been paid to addressing the risk prioritization problems in FMEA under a dynamic environment. In order to bridge these research gaps, this paper proposes a dynamic prioritization approach for FMEA by integrating the Fuzzy Cognitive Map (FCM) and the prospect theory. First, improved weighted arithmetic averaging (WAA) operator based on the similarity measure is constructed to aggregate each decision maker’s evaluation information. Then, the FCM is applied to obtain the risk matrix and interaction relationships among failures under different risk states. Next, the dynamic prospect theory is built to determine the risk priority of each failure by considering the risk preference of decision makers, in which the dynamic weight functions are derived based on the risk matrix under different risk states. Finally, the proposed dynamic risk prioritization approach for FMEA is tested by the failures risk analysis of the railway train bogie system in the railway train systems. The comparison study is conducted to demonstrate the reliability and rationality of the proposed risk prioritization approach.
Tropical cyclone-induced coastal sea level projection and the adaptation to a changing climate
Authors: Mori Nobuhito , Shimura Tomoya 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Tropical cyclones (TCs) cause severe coastal flooding in the middle latitudes. While the IPCC Fifth Assessment Reports (AR5, 2013) have focused on mean sea-level rise, recent advances (e.g., IPCC Sixth Assessment Reports, AR6, 2021) have shown the importance of storm surges and wave changes in extreme water levels causing coastal flooding. Both TC intensity and track changes are linked to future changes in extreme storm surges and wave climates in middle latitudes. This brief review summarizes historical and future long-term changes in extreme water levels, the contribution of increased storm surges, and wave height by the monitoring data and climate projections. In addition, several examples of impact assessment of storm surges and extreme wave changes are presented.
Families of similar simplices inscribed in most smoothly embedded spheres
Authors: Cantarella Jason , Denne Elizabeth , McCleary John 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Let

$\Delta $

denote a nondegenerate k-simplex in

$\mathbb {R}^k$

. The set

$\operatorname {\mathrm {Sim}}(\Delta )$

of simplices in

$\mathbb {R}^k$

similar to

$\Delta $

is diffeomorphic to

$\operatorname {O}(k)\times [0,\infty )\times \mathbb {R}^k$

, where the factor in

$\operatorname {O}(k)$

is a matrix called the pose. Among

$(k-1)$

-spheres smoothly embedded in

$\mathbb {R}^k$

and isotopic to the identity, there is a dense family of spheres, for which the subset of

$\operatorname {\mathrm {Sim}}(\Delta )$

of simplices inscribed in each embedded sphere contains a similar simplex of every pose

$U\in \operatorname {O}(k)$

. Further, the intersection of

$\operatorname {\mathrm {Sim}}(\Delta )$

with the configuration space of

$k+1$

distinct points on an embedded sphere is a manifold whose top homology class maps to the top class in

$\operatorname {O}(k)$

via the pose map. This gives a high-dimensional generalisation of classical results on inscribing families of triangles in plane curves. We use techniques established in our previous paper on the square-peg problem where we viewed inscribed simplices in spheres as transverse intersections of submanifolds of compactified configuration spaces.
Amefricanity: A Black Feminist Proposal for a Political Organization and Social Transformation
Authors: Pons Cardoso Cláudia , Castillo Espinosa Lia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article analyzes the work and thought of Lélia Gonzalez on the experience of Black women in Brazil. It highlights her legacy within studies of Black Feminism in Latin America and the Caribbean, as well as the importance of her articulation between sex, class, and race with the intention of understanding the social inequality Indigenous and Black women suffer. Gonzalez's political-cultural category of Amefricanity is presented in this article as an instrument of analysis specific to the region, which promotes an epistemological shift within Black feminism. This category seeks to interpret the stories and survival strategies of previous generations of Black women on the continent, as well as to learn their methods and transgressive practices of asymmetrical power relations as pedagogical processes.
Bakke Redux — Affirmative Action and Physician Diversity in Peril
Authors: Curfman Gregory 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article examines the legal arguments that may lead the Supreme Court to overrule precedent and strike down affirmative action in university admissions. Given the critical importance of a diverse physician workforce for our Nation’s health care system, the potential reversal of affirmative action admission programs in medical schools may have severe negative consequences. This article discusses the implications for health care should the Court issue an opinion restricting or eliminating affirmative action in higher education.
Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy: In Whose Interests?
Authors: Noohi Forough , Ravitsky Vardit , Knoppers Bartha Maria , Joly Yann 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT), also called nuclear genome transfer and mitochondrial donation, is a new technique that can be used to prevent the transmission of mitochondrial DNA diseases. Apart from the United Kingdom, the first country to approve MRT in 2015, Australia became the second country with a clear regulatory path for the clinical applications of this technique in 2021. The rapidly evolving clinical landscape of MRT makes the elaboration and evaluation of the responsible use of this technology a pressing matter. As jurisdictions with less strict or non-existent reproductive laws are continuing to use MRT in the clinical context, the need to address the underlying ethical issues surrounding MRT’s clinical translation is fundamental.
A long-term mass-balance reconstruction (1974–2021) and a decadal in situ mass-balance record (2011–2021) of Rikha Samba Glacier, central Himalaya
Authors: Gurung Tika Ram , Kayastha Rijan Bhakta , Fujita Koji , Joshi Sharad Prasad , Sinisalo Anna , Kirkham James D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDespite their importance for regional water resource planning and as indicators of climate change, records of in situ glacier mass balance remain short and spatially sparse in the Himalaya. Here, we present an updated series of in situ mass-balance measurements from Rikha Samba Glacier, Nepal, between 2011 and 2021. The updated in situ mass balance is −0.39 ± 0.32 m w.e. for this period. We use an energy-mass balance model to extend the annual mass-balance series back to 1974. The model is forced using daily meteorological variables from ERA5-Land reanalysis data that is linearly bias-corrected using observations from an automatic weather station situated near the glacier terminus. The modeled mass balance is consistent with the in situ mass-balance series measured 2011–2021 and with previous glaciological and geodetic estimates. The model results indicate a mass balance of −0.56 ± 0.27 m w.e. a−1over the reconstruction period of 1974–2021, which is comparable to the mass losses experienced by other Himalayan glaciers during this time. An assessment of the sensitivity of the glacier mass balance to meteorological forcing suggests that a change in temperature of ±1 K has a stronger effect on the calculated mass balance compared to a ±20% change in either precipitation, or relative humidity, or solar radiation.
Not just a hijack: Imaginary worlds can enhance individual and group-level fitness
Authors: Wilbanks Danica , Moon Jordan W. , Stewart Brent , Gray Kurt , Varnum Michael E. W. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Why has fiction been so successful over time? We make the case that fiction may have properties that enhance both individual and group-level fitness by (a) allowing risk-free simulation of important scenarios, (b) effectively transmitting solutions to common problems, and (c) enhancing group cohesion through shared consumption of fictive worlds.
Why do people create imaginary worlds? The case of Fanfiction
Authors: Rodríguez-Fuentes Bárbara , Ulloa José Luis 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Dubourg and Baurmard ask why people consume fiction with imaginary worlds. We extend this inquiry to ask why people engage in creating imaginary worlds. In Fanfiction, the writing of fiction by fans involves both an immersive creative experience and a very interactive community that may explain the high (social) engagement of people with Fanfiction.
Imaginary worlds are awesome: Awe provides a key to understanding the individual and social functions of imaginary worlds
Authors: Goldy Sean P. , Piff Paul K. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Awe arises when one experiences something so extraordinary that it defies current understanding, prompting efforts to comprehend the initially incomprehensible. We situate awe within Dubourg and Baumard's framework for the prevalence and psychological underpinnings of imaginary worlds. We argue that imaginary worlds are powerful catalysts of awe, which, in turn, drive important individual and social outcomes.
Imaginary worlds through the evolutionary lens: Ultimate functions, proximate mechanisms, cultural distribution
Authors: Dubourg Edgar , Baumard Nicolas 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We received several commentaries both challenging and supporting our hypothesis. We thank the commentators for their thoughtful contributions, bringing together alternative hypotheses, complementary explanations, and appropriate corrections to our model. Here, we explain further our hypothesis, using more explicitly the framework of evolutionary social sciences. We first explain what we believe is the ultimate function of fiction in general (i.e., entertainment) and how this hypothesis differs from other evolutionary hypotheses put forward by several commentators. We then turn to the proximate features that make imaginary worlds entertaining and, therefore, culturally successful. We finally explore how these insights may explain the distribution of imaginary worlds across time, space, age, and social classes.
The Making of Natural Infrastructure in China's Era of Ecological Civilization
Authors: Yeh Emily T. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCampaign-style environmental enforcement that involves the destruction of infrastructure has become increasingly common. Scholars have theorized such crackdowns as a form of bureaucratic control. These explanations are compelling, yet incomplete. This paper adopts an infrastructural lens to call attention to the fact of infrastructural demolition. I argue that the reduction of existing infrastructure to rubble is a way of clearing space for other kinds of infrastructure, specifically natural infrastructure, which has become central in the pursuit of ecological civilization. The creation of natural infrastructure requires calculative tools, which work to obscure the profoundly political nature of the natural infrastructure that they create through spatial zoning, ecological functional zoning and ecological conservation red lines (ECRLs). The article then scales down to two case studies of villages in post-earthquake Sichuan that are within ECRLs and designated for the function of providing ecosystem services. In both, infrastructure within scenic areas that was previously encouraged by the state and central to village livelihoods was suddenly destroyed following ecological civilization enforcement campaigns. The arrival of natural infrastructure marks a national-scale infrastructural time that promises a new future in which village-controlled scenic areas have no part, leading to a ruination of their imagined futures.
Temporal differences in snail diversity responses to wildfires and salvage logging
Authors: Puig-Gironès Roger , Santos Xavier , Bros Vicenç 
Published: November 2022

SummarySpecies tend to peak in abundance at different times after fires. Over time, species richness (α) and landscape heterogeneity are prone to increase and lead to greater between-site diversity (β). However, post-fire salvage logging can reduce β-diversity, both directly and through its influence on succession. The as-yet understudied response of land snails to long-term habitat modification after wildfires and forest management is important for decision-making in forest restoration and conservation. We expected to detect differences in land snails and diversity in both the short and long term and between treatments in a natural park in the Mediterranean Basin. However, our results showed that post-fire management was a non-significant variable for snail community diversity, the exception being open-habitat endemic species. Plant succession and leaf litter cover were the main variables that shaped snail diversity and abundance over time after fires. Eighteen years after a fire, the land snail diversity had improved and the community composition had diversified, irrespective of the post-fire treatment, but threatened species disappeared and the total snail numbers had notably declined. To preserve threatened open-habitat species, prescribed fires and livestock grazing are recommended in combination with mature areas that can act as shelters where forest snails can recover from future disturbances.
Mathematical model and stability analysis on the transmission dynamics of skin sores
Authors: Fantaye Abayneh Kebede , Goshu Masitawal Demsie , Zeleke Berhanu Belay , Gessesse Adane Abebaw , Endalew Mehari Fentahun , Birhanu Zerihun Kinfe 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this study, a non-linear deterministic model for the transmission dynamics of skin sores (impetigo) disease is developed and analysed by the help of stability of differential equations. Some basic properties of the model including existence and positivity as well as boundedness of the solutions of the model are investigated. The disease-free and endemic equilibrium were investigated, as well as the basic reproduction number, R0, also calculated using the next-generation matrix approach. When R0 < 1, the model's stability analysis reveals that the system is asymptotically stable at disease-free critical point globally as well as locally. If R0 > 1, the system is asymptotically stable at disease-endemic equilibrium both locally and globally. The long-term behaviour of the skin sores model's steady-state solution in a population is investigated using numerical simulations of the model.
Fear of Dementia and the Obligation to Provide Aggregate Research Results to Study Participants
Authors: Graham Mackenzie , Farina Francesca , Ritchie Craig W. , Lawlor Brian , Naci Lorina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA general obligation to make aggregate research results available to participants has been widely supported in the bioethics literature. However, dementia research presents several challenges to this perspective, particularly because of the fear associated with developing dementia. The authors argue that considerations of respect for persons, beneficence, and justice fail to justify an obligation to make aggregate research results available to participants in dementia research. Nevertheless, there are positive reasons in favor of making aggregate research results available; when the decision is made to do so, it is critical that a clear strategy for communicating results is developed, including what support will be provided to participants receiving aggregate research results.
Understanding the Drivers of Coastal Flood Exposure and Risk From 1860 to 2100
Authors: Lincke Daniel , Hinkel Jochen , Mengel Matthias , Nicholls Robert J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGlobal coastal flood exposure (population and assets) has been growing since the beginning of the industrial age and is likely to continue to grow through 21st century. Three main drivers are responsible: (a) climate‐related mean sea‐level change, (b) vertical land movement contributing to relative sea‐level rise, and (c) socio‐economic development. This paper attributes growing coastal exposure and flood risk from 1860 to 2100 to these three drivers. For historic flood exposure (1860–2005) we find that the roughly six‐fold increase in population exposure and 53‐fold increase in asset exposure are almost completely explained by socio‐economic development (>97% for population and >99% for assets). For future exposure (2005–2100), assuming a middle‐of‐the‐road regionalized socio‐economic scenario (SSP2) without coastal migration and sea‐level rise according to RCP2.6 and RCP6.0, climate‐change induced sea‐level rise will become the most important driver for the growth in population exposure, while growth in asset exposure will still be mainly determined by socio‐economic development.
Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Hydrochemical and Microbiological Natural Tracers as a Tool for Understanding Karst Hydrodynamics (The Unica Springs, SW Slovenia)
Authors: Ćuk Đurović Marina , Petrič Metka , Jemcov Igor , Mulec Janez , Grudnik Zdenka Mazej , Mayaud Cyril , Blatnik Matej , Kogovšek Blaž , Ravbar Nataša 
Published: November 2022

AbstractVarious multivariate statistical techniques (MST) can provide valuable insights into water quality variability. Despite numerous studies in which these methods have been used, their potential has not been fully exploited. This paper presents an improved approach to better understand the hydrodynamics of karst systems. The integrated application of hierarchical cluster and principal component analysis in combination with factor analysis allowed the construction of an advanced multivariate chemograph. The analytical procedure was applied in a binary karst aquifer known for its complex hydrodynamics and mixing of water with similar hydrochemical composition. In addition, the study area provides access to an integral groundwater flow system (ponor‐cave‐spring) and offers extensive prior hydrogeological knowledge. The approach allowed reduction and discrimination of the main parameters affecting water quality characteristics. Their identification enabled recognition of three predominant recharge components: (a) stored water impact with Cl and electrical conductivity, (b) sinking stream impact with turbidity and bacteria composition and (c) karst aquifer impact with Ca/Mg ratio as principal parameters. The results supported innovative characterization of the dominant processes and isolation of temporal hydrodynamic phases of individual monitoring points within the aquifer system. On this basis, a spatio‐temporal conceptual model was developed and the hydrodynamic behavior of the main springs was revealed. The applied methodology demonstrated to be useful in ascertaining functioning of a complex karst system under flood event conditions.
Downward Trend in Methane Detected in a Northern Colorado Oil and Gas Production Region Using AIRS Satellite Data
Authors: Reddy P. J. , Taylor C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe oil and gas (O&G) sector is estimated to be the largest contributor to anthropogenic methane (CH4) emissions in Colorado. Since 2004, the State of Colorado has implemented multiple regulations to significantly reduce emissions from the O&G sector. The Denver‐Julesburg Basin (DJ Basin) is a significant O&G producing region in northern Colorado, and O&G production here has steadily increased over the last decade. To assess CH4 trends in Northern Colorado, we selected CH4 retrievals from the NASA Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument for 2003–2020. The study grid cell includes Denver, Boulder, and much of the dense O&G production in the DJ Basin. We computed mean June‐August ascending node AIRS 700 hPa CH4 for each year and subtracted mean June–August CH4 sampled at NOAA's Niwot Ridge (NWR) station, a high‐altitude background site. Differences represent estimated enhancement over background. Linear regression shows an annual change of −2.84 ppb ± 0.8 ppb from 2012 to 2020 (R2 0.90) and an estimated reduction of 56% for 2012–2020, despite substantial increases in O&G production. Local CH4 enhancement is strongly correlated with surface measurements of ethane at Platteville which is in the center of the O&G fields (correlation coefficient 0.96), and this is evidence that reductions in O&G emissions are driving reductions in CH4. We conclude that AIRS CH4 can be used to measure the efficacy of emissions control programs in this region and that regulatory requirements are having an effect.
Future Changes in Tropical Cyclone Exposure and Impacts in Southeast Asia From CMIP6 Pseudo‐Global Warming Simulations
Authors: Tran Thao Linh , Ritchie Elizabeth A. , Perkins‐Kirkpatrick Sarah E. , Bui Hai , Luong Thang M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this Pseudo‐global Warming study, potential future changes in the Southeast Asia tropical cyclone (TC) exposure climatology are quantified. One hundred and seventeen landfalling TCs in the last 20 years are simulated with their current climate conditions and also with the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) ensemble perturbed conditions under the SSP2‐4.5 and SSP3‐7.0 climate change scenarios. Our simulations suggest that landfalling TCs are projected to be 8% more intense at landfall, 2.8% faster and have smaller sizes by the end of the 21st century under the SSP3‐7.0 scenario. In addition, TC landfall locations shift northward with tracks extending further inland toward Laos and Thailand. In particular, TC exposures, wind and rainfall impacts significantly increase in the northern Philippines, Taiwan, southwestern coast of China, and northern Vietnam; and significantly decrease in the southern areas of Southeast Asia and the southeastern coast of China.