bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic solid‐phase extraction and spectrophotometric determination of pseudoephedrine in real samples
Authors: Pourbasheer Eslam , Fathi Majd Sima , Azari Zhila , Ansari Samira , Ganjali Mohammad Reza 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the present study, the magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as an efficient sorbent were successfully utilized for the investigation of pseudoephedrine in water and urine samples before spectrophotometric evaluation. Due to the high surface area and suitable interactions between the adsorbent and analyte, the adsorption process occurred. The optimization process was applied to the parameters that might have an impact on the extraction efficiencies, including the pH, sorbent quantity, salt effect, type and volume of eluent, and the contact time affecting the adsorption and desorption of the analyte. By exerting the optimum procedure, the proper linearities ranging from 1 to 30 and 1 to 24 μg/mL with good correlation coefficients of 0.999 and 0.998 enhanced for water and urine samples. This method is proved to be as accurate and precise as it is necessary to be executed for the analytical measurements, since the measured recoveries were 99 and 96.12%, with the detection limits of 0.88 and 1.003 μg/mL for water and urine samples, respectively. The obtained results indicate that the proposed method is simple, effective, and inexpensive for the measurements of pseudoephedrine in water and urine samples.
A systematic review examining the relationship between cytokines and cachexia in incurable cancer
Authors: Paval D. Robert , Patton Rebekah , McDonald James , Skipworth Richard J.E. , Gallagher Iain J. , Laird Barry J. ,   the Caledonian Cachexia Collaborative
Published: January 2022

AbstractCancer cachexia is an unmet clinical need that affects more than 50% of patients with cancer. The systemic inflammatory response, which is mediated by a network of cytokines, has an established role in the genesis and maintenance of cancer as well as in cachexia; yet, the specific role of the cytokine milieu in cachexia requires elucidation. This systematic review aims to examine the relationship between cytokines and the cachexia syndrome in patients with incurable cancer. The databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were searched for studies published between 01/01/2004 and 06/01/2020. Included studies measured cytokines and their relationship with cachexia and related symptoms/signs in adults with incurable cancer. After title screening (n = 5202), the abstracts (n = 1264) and the full‐text studies (n = 322) were reviewed independently by two authors. The quality assessment of the selected papers was conducted using the modified Downs and Black checklist. Overall, 1277 patients with incurable cancer and 155 healthy controls were analysed in the 17 eligible studies. The mean age of the patients was 64 ± 15 (mean ± standard deviation). Only 34% of included participants were female. The included studies were assessed as moderate‐quality to high‐quality evidence (mean quality score: 7.8; range: 5–10). A total of 31 cytokines were examined in this review, of which interleukin‐6 (IL‐6, 14 studies) and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α, 12 studies) were the most common. The definitions of cachexia and the weight‐loss thresholds were highly variable across studies. Although the data could not be meta‐analysed due to the high degree of methodological heterogeneity, the findings were discussed in a systematic manner. IL‐6, TNF‐α, and IL‐8 were greater in cachectic patients compared with healthy individuals. Also, IL‐6 levels were higher in cachectic participants as opposed to non‐cachectic patients. Leptin, interferon‐γ, IL‐1β, IL‐10, adiponectin, and ghrelin did not demonstrate any significant difference between groups when individuals with cancer cachexia were compared against non‐cachectic patients or healthy participants. These findings suggest that a network of cytokines, commonly IL‐6, TNF‐α, and IL‐8, are associated with the development of cachexia. Yet, this relationship is not proven to be causative and future studies should opt for longitudinal designs with consistent methodological approaches, as well as adequate techniques for analysing and reporting the results.
Fiscal stimulus packages to COVID‐19: The role of informality
Authors: Elgin Ceyhun , Williams Colin C. , Oz‐Yalaman Gamze , Yalaman Abdullan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we use a novel cross‐country dataset to investigate the relationship between the prevalence of the shadow economy and fiscal policy responses to the economic crisis induced by the pandemic. The finding is that countries with a relatively larger shadow economy before the pandemic have adopted a smaller fiscal policy package. The results are robust to different econometric specifications, including an instrumental variable estimation. This reinforces the wider literature that countries (especially those with larger shadow economies) generally follow a procyclical policy as opposed to the optimal and countercyclical one.
A Deep Learning Approach for MRI in the Diagnosis of Labral Injuries of the Hip Joint
Authors: Ni Ming , Wen Xiaoyi , Chen Wen , Zhao Yuqing , Yuan Yuan , Zeng Piaoe , Wang Qizheng , Wang Yong , Yuan Huishu 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundThe diagnosis of labral injury on MRI is time‐consuming and potential for incorrect diagnoses.PurposeTo explore the feasibility of applying deep learning to diagnose and classify labral injuries with MRI.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationA total of 1016 patients were divided into normal (n = 168, class 0) and abnormal labrum (n = 848) groups. The abnormal group consisted of n = 111 with class 1 (degeneration), n = 437 with class 2 (partial or complete tear), and n = 300 with unclassified injury. Patients were randomly divided into training, validation, and test cohort according to the ratio of 55%:15%:30%.Field Strength/SequenceFat‐saturation proton density‐weighted fast spin‐echo sequence at 3.0 T.AssessmentConvolutional neural network‐6 (CNN‐6) was used to extract, discriminate, and detect oblique coronal (OCOR) and oblique sagittal (OSAG) images. Mask R‐CNN was used for segmentation. LeNet‐5 was used to diagnose and classify labral injuries. The weighting method combined the models of OCOR and OSAG. The output–input connection was used to correlate the whole diagnosis/classification system. Four radiologists performed subjective diagnoses to obtain the diagnosis results.Statistical TestsCNN‐6 and LeNet‐5 were evaluated by area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and related parameters. The mean average precision (MAP) evaluated the Mask R‐CNN. McNemar's test was used to compare the radiologists and models. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe area under the curve (AUC) of CNN‐6 was 0.99 for extraction, discrimination, and detection. MAP values of Mask R‐CNN for OCOR and OSAG image segmentation were 0.96 and 0.99. The accuracies of LeNet‐5 in the diagnosis and classification were 0.94/0.94 (OCOR) and 0.92/0.91 (OSAG), respectively. The accuracy of the weighted models in the diagnosis and classification were 0.94 and 0.97, respectively. The accuracies of radiologists in the diagnosis and classification of labrum injuries ranged from 0.85 to 0.92 and 0.78 to 0.94, respectively.Data ConclusionDeep learning can assist radiologists in diagnosing and classifying labrum injuries.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 2
Brilacidin, a COVID‐19 drug candidate, demonstrates broad‐spectrum antiviral activity against human coronaviruses OC43, 229E, and NL63 through targeting both the virus and the host cell
Authors: Hu Yanmei , Jo Hyunil , DeGrado William F. , Wang Jun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBrilacidin, a mimetic of host defense peptides (HDPs), is currently in Phase 2 clinical trial as an antibiotic drug candidate. A recent study reported that brilacidin has antiviral activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) by inactivating the virus. In this study, we discovered an additional mechanism of action of brilacidin by targeting heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) on the host cell surface. Brilacidin, but not acetyl brilacidin, inhibits the entry of SARS‐CoV‐2 pseudovirus into multiple cell lines, and heparin, an HSPG mimetic, abolishes the inhibitory activity of brilacidin on SARS‐CoV‐2 pseudovirus cell entry. In addition, we found that brilacidin has broad‐spectrum antiviral activity against multiple human coronaviruses (HCoVs) including HCoV‐229E, HCoV‐OC43, and HCoV‐NL63. Mechanistic studies revealed that brilacidin has a dual antiviral mechanism of action including virucidal activity and binding to coronavirus attachment factor HSPGs on the host cell surface. Brilacidin partially loses its antiviral activity when heparin was included in the cell cultures, supporting the host‐targeting mechanism. Drug combination therapy showed that brilacidin has a strong synergistic effect with remdesivir against HCoV‐OC43 in cell culture. Taken together, this study provides appealing findings for the translational potential of brilacidin as a broad‐spectrum antiviral for coronaviruses including SARS‐CoV‐2.
Recent advances and clinical application in point‐of‐care testing of SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Ye Qing , Lu Dezhao , Zhang Ting , Mao Jianhua , Shang Shiqiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 spread rapidly worldwide, posing a severe threat to public life and health. It is significant to realize rapid testing and timely control of epidemic situations under the condition of limited resources. However, laboratory‐based standardized nucleic acid detection methods have a long turnaround time and high cost, so it is urgent to develop convenient methods for detecting COVID‐19. This paper summarizes the point‐of‐care testing (POCT) developed for novel coronavirus from three aspects: nucleic acid extraction, nucleic acid amplification, and detection methods. This paper introduces a commercial real‐time detection system that integrates the abovementioned three steps and the matters needing attention in use. The primary purpose of this review is to provide a reference for emergency response and rapid deployment of COVID‐19 and some other emerging infectious diseases.
A comprehensive study of celastrol metabolism in vivo and in vitro using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid triple quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐wei , Chen Yu‐ting , Feng Xue , Li Lu‐ya , Song Ke‐wei , Sun Yu‐peng , Zhang Guo‐hua , Zhang Lan‐tong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCelastrol has attracted great attention owing to its anti‐arthritis, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Nevertheless, its metabolism in vivo (rats) and in vitro (rat liver microsomes and intestinal flora) has not been comprehensively characterized. In this study, ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid triple quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry was used as a rapid and sensitive approach for studying the metabolism of celastrol in vivo and in vitro. A total of 43 metabolites were identified and characterized. These include 26 metabolites in vivo, and 28 metabolites in vitro (nine metabolites in rat liver microsomes and 24 metabolites in rat intestinal flora). Additionally, the celastrol‐biotransformation capacity of the intestinal tract was confirmed to exceed that of the liver. Furthermore, the metabolic profile of celastrol is summarised. The information obtained from this study may provide a basis for understanding the pharmacological mechanisms of celastrol and will be beneficial for clinical applications.
Anti‐friction and self‐repairing abilities of ultrafine serpentine, attapulgite and kaolin in oil for the cylinder liner‐piston ring tribo‐systems
Authors: Rao Xiang , Sheng Chenxing , Guo Zhiwei , Zhang Xuecheng , Yin Huabing , Xu Chang , Yuan Chengqing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe performances of diesel cylinder liner‐piston ring (CLPR) that works under harsh conditions are very important and affect the service life, reliability and economy of engines. This study aimed to gain insights into the anti‐friction and self‐repairing properties of lubricating oil with different silicate‐based additives for marine diesel CLPR, and expect to find the types and concentrations of additives that are most appropriate for CLPR. Three kinds of silicates, including ultrafine serpentine, attapulgite and kaolin powders, were prepared and modified, and added to the lubricants with different concentrations. The tribological behaviours and worn surface features of the friction pairs were investigated after friction tests. Compared with original oil, it is found that all additives process anti‐friction and self‐repairing properties at appropriate concentration, and the ultrafine attapulgite powders additive presents the best performance. These findings will aid in understanding the anti‐friction and self‐repairing abilities of silicate‐based additives to diesel CLPR, as well as its potential application to solve the wear failures of CLPR online.
Tribological properties of a helical gear pair considering interfacial slip between lubricant and tooth surface
Authors: Liu Mingyong , Deng Enxi , Zhou Hongyu , Qi Dezhong , Qu Yang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this study, an interfacial slip model including the limiting shear stress is proposed and applied to the thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) analysis of a helical gear pair. The main difference between the proposed model and the classical EHL model is that, the term of entrainment velocity in Reynolds equation is modified. The influences of interfacial slip, thermal effect, initial limiting shear stress and operating conditions on the tribological properties are evaluated. Due to the interfacial slip, the pressure distribution moves towards the inlet region, and the fluctuation distributions of entrainment velocity and film thickness are similar to the trigonometric function. The influence of thermal effect on interfacial slip cannot be ignored, especially in the case of high speed and heavy load. As the input torque and input rotational speed increase, the interfacial slip gradually extends to the whole meshing process.
Simulation analysis of a lidar performance for atmospheric temperature profile measurements based on the Fizeau interferometer and multichannel photomultiplier tube
Authors: Lin Xuefei , Bu Lingbing , Liang Kun , Wang Yuanqing , Xu Jiaqi , Mustafa Farhan , Zong Lian , Zhao Yanpeng , Berhane Samuel A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this study, a lidar system based on the Fizeau interferometer and photomultiplier tube array is designed to analyze the entire Rayleigh‐Brillouin spectrum aiming at obtaining the atmospheric temperature profiles. The laser wavelength emitted by the lidar is 355 nm with the pulse energy of 20 mJ, and the diameter of the receiving telescope is 0.6 m. We analyze the influence of the cumulative average of different pulse numbers on the accuracy of temperature inversion. The temperature inversion results in different height ranges are calculated and the results show that if the integration time is 100 s, the temperature deviation is less than 3 K in the altitude range below 24 km.
Jointly estimating parametric maps of multiple diffusion models from undersampled q‐space data: A comparison of three deep learning approaches
Authors: HashemizadehKolowri SeyyedKazem , Chen Rong‐Rong , Adluru Ganesh , DiBella Edward V. R. 
Published: January 2022

PurposeWhile advanced diffusion techniques have been found valuable in many studies, their clinical availability has been hampered partly due to their long scan times. Moreover, each diffusion technique can only extract a few relevant microstructural features. Using multiple diffusion methods may help to better understand the brain microstructure, which requires multiple expensive model fittings. In this work, we compare deep learning (DL) approaches to jointly estimate parametric maps of multiple diffusion representations/models from highly undersampled q‐space data.MethodsWe implement three DL approaches to jointly estimate parametric maps of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI), neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), and multi‐compartment spherical mean technique (SMT). A per‐voxel q‐space deep learning (1D‐qDL), a per‐slice convolutional neural network (2D‐CNN), and a 3D‐patch‐based microstructure estimation with sparse coding using a separable dictionary (MESC‐SD) network are considered.ResultsThe accuracy of estimated diffusion maps depends on the q‐space undersampling, the selected network architecture, and the region and the parameter of interest. The smallest errors are observed for the MESC‐SD network architecture (less than 10 normalized RMSE in most brain regions).ConclusionOur experiments show that DL methods are very efficient tools to simultaneously estimate several diffusion maps from undersampled q‐space data. These methods can significantly reduce both the scan (6‐fold) and processing times (25‐fold) for estimating advanced parametric diffusion maps while achieving a reasonable accuracy.
Status and Management of the Blue Crab Fishery in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Perry Harriet M. , Anderson John , Collins Lillian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Management of the blue crab Callinectes sapidus fishery in the Gulf of Mexico is the responsibility of the individual states under the purview of a regional management plan. States generally follow the “2-S” system of management, placing emphasis on size and sex. Despite management policies, harvest and juvenile abundances remain in decline. A significant trend toward decreasing harvest began in the early 2000s, with landings below average in 13 of the 20 years from 2000 to 2019. Since 2010, the fishery has maintained a lower but relatively stable harvest. There have been significant decreases in numbers of late-stage juveniles in fishery-independent trawl surveys, while numbers of megalopae and early juveniles have not exhibited declines. Postsettlement mortality is potentially driven by climate-related hydrological processes that structure the biotic community (predator guild) and nearshore habitats. Diversity of predators, few predation-free refuges, and a lack of seasonality in predation likely contribute to high regional mortality. Factors that influence quality and quantity of available refuge may ultimately control abundance. Although genetics data describe the population as panmictic, geographic differences in coastal climate and hydrological processes may act to structure populations. Separation of stocks according to ecozones may provide a more suitable approach to population delineation. The 2011 stock assessment divided the population into eastern and western regions based on confounding information on genetics, physiographic features that limit larval transport, variations in climate, and migration of female crabs along the west coast of Florida. There is concern that the population is undergoing Gulf of Mexico-wide changes in biomass associated with regional climate regime shifts that may alter the resiliency of the stock. Whether the shift to a more favorable climate phase would reverse the declining trends is unknown. Changes in population levels could be rapid given the high juvenile mortality and short generation time as well as the importance of climate in structuring habitat.
Gut permeability and its clinical relevance in schizophrenia
Authors: Ishida Ikki , Ogura Jun , Aizawa Emiko , Ota Miho , Hidese Shinsuke , Yomogida Yukihito , Matsuo Junko , Yoshida Sumiko , Kunugi Hiroshi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimWe aimed to examine the gut permeability in patients with schizophrenia and its relevance to schizophrenia symptoms, medication, cognitive functions, and blood immune markers.MethodsWe selected 22 patients with schizophrenia (mean age: 37.9 ± 10.5 years) comprising 9 men and 13 women. Furthermore, we included 86 healthy controls (mean age: 43.5 ± 11.0 years) comprising 41 men and 45 women. All participants were biologically unrelated and of Japanese descent. We used the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) to measure the severity of schizophrenia symptoms and cognitive functions, respectively. The lactulose‐mannitol loading test was used to measure the permeability of the small intestine. Furthermore, we used the lactulose to mannitol ratio (LMR) as an index of gut permeability. We measured the C‐reactive protein and natural killer (NK) cell activity in the blood as highly sensitive immune markers.ResultsThe patients had a significantly higher rate of “leaky gut” (defined as LMR ≥ 0.1) compared to the control group (22.7% vs. 5.8%, odds ratio: 4.8 [95% confidence interval, 1.2‐18.3], Fisher's exact test, P = 0.03). There was no significant correlation between the LMR and PANSS scores or in the daily antipsychotic dose. In addition, the LMR was negatively correlated with the total Z‐score of the BACS and NK cell activity in the patients.ConclusionsOur results suggest a higher rate of abnormally increased gut permeability in patients with schizophrenia than in controls. Moreover, gut permeability may be related to the cognitive and cellular immunity function of patients with schizophrenia.
Engaging primary care patients with existing online tools for weight loss: A pilot trial
Authors: McVay Megan A. , Cooper Kellie B. , Donahue Marissa L. , Seoane Montserrat Carrera , Shah Nipa R. , Webb Fern , Perri Michael , Jake‐Schoffman Danielle E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveFree online tools show potential for promoting weight loss at a low cost, but there is limited evidence about how to effectively engage patients with them. To address this, a low‐dose, flexible intervention was developed that aims to enhance weight‐related discussions with primary care providers (PCPs) and engage patients with an organic (i.e., not researcher‐created) weight loss‐focused social media community and online self‐monitoring tool. Feasibility and acceptability of the intervention was evaluated in a single‐arm, 12‐week pilot.MethodsPCPs were recruited at two clinics, then PCP's patients with upcoming appointments were identified and recruited. Patients received an interactive online kickoff before their scheduled primary care appointment, then 8 follow‐up messages over 12 weeks via email or their electronic health record patient portal. Patients completed assessments at baseline, post‐appointment, and week 12. Primary care providers and patients completed semi‐structured interviews.ResultsAll PCPs approached enrolled (n = 6); patient recruitment was on track to meet the study goal prior to COVID‐19 restrictions, and n = 27 patients enrolled. Patient satisfaction with the pre‐appointment kickoff was high. Twenty‐four patients reported discussing weight‐related topics at their primary care appointment and all were satisfied with the discussion. Twenty‐two patients completed 12‐week assessments. Of these, 15 reported engaging with the self‐monitoring tool and 9 with the social media community. Patient interviews revealed reasons for low social media community engagement, including perceived lack of fit. On average, patients with available data (n = 21) lost 2.4 ± 4.1% of baseline weight, and 28.6% of these patients lost ≥3% of baseline weight. Primary care providers reported high intervention satisfaction.ConclusionsThe intervention and trial design show potential, although additional strategies are needed to promote tool engagement.