bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Reflex Testing for BRAF Mutational Status in Advanced Melanoma
Authors: Tsang Matthew , Petkiewicz Stephanie 
Published: March 2022

Context.—
The use of targeted therapy in patients with advanced, BRAF-mutated melanomas has necessitated timely access to BRAF mutational status in order for clinicians to proceed with treatment decisions.

Objective.—
To assess the impact of pathologist-initiated reflex BRAF testing in patients with advanced melanoma on laboratory turnaround time and time to systemic treatment.

Design.—
At our tertiary care center and 3 affiliated community hospitals, we implemented a guideline for pathologist-initiated reflex testing for BRAF mutational status in patients diagnosed with melanoma and positive lymph nodes or new diagnosis of a metastatic site. Retrospective review was performed for 65 cases of advanced melanoma for which BRAF testing was ordered, during a period inclusive of 6 months before and after guideline implementation.

Results.—
Implementation of reflex testing guidelines did not significantly affect the overall number of BRAF tests ordered for patients with melanoma. In cases with reflex testing compared to routine testing, total turnaround time was reduced by from 52.5 ± 5.6 to 18.6 ± 1.0 days (P &lt; .001). In patients who received systemic therapy, without intentional delay by interval completion lymph node dissection (CLND), the use of reflex BRAF testing reduced time to systematic treatment from 71.7 ± 11.4 to 37.7 ± 4.6 days (P = .02). Time to systematic treatment was unchanged in those who underwent interval CLND (118.9 ± 10.9 versus 110.5 ± 22.5; P = .75).

Conclusions.—
These data support a recommendation for pathologist-initiated reflex testing of BRAF mutational status in advanced melanoma as a standard practice in pathology laboratories.
Tilrettelegging for dybdelæring og helhetlig yrkeskompetanse i helsefagarbeiderutdanningen
Authors: Magnussen Kaija-Liisa , Sylte Ann Lisa 
Published: March 2022

Mye av forskningen innenfor det profesjonspedagogiske og yrkespedagogiske fagfeltet viser store relevansproblemer. Her er det manglede koherens mellom teori og praksis, og mellom innholdet i utdanningen og den utøvende praksis i feltet. Samtidig legger læreplanreformen Fagfornyelsen 2020 mer vekt på dybdelæring og helhetlig yrkeskompetanse i opplæringen av helsefagarbeidere. Dette var bakgrunnen for en kvalitativ studie om hva som kan bidra til utvikling av dybdelæring og helhetlig yrkeskompetanse gjennom praksis i arbeidslivet for elever ved videregående trinn 2 (vg2) helsearbeiderfag (HFA). Forskningsspørsmålene handlet om hvilket innhold som kan utvikle elevers dybdelæring og helhetlige yrkeskompetanse, og hvordan praksis kan organiseres ved vg2 HFA, sett fra et arbeidsliv- og elevperspektiv. Empirigrunnlaget er basert på gruppeintervju av fire erfarne helsefagarbeidere som var praksisveiledere for elever i yrkespraksis, samt individuelle dybdeintervjuer av syv nyutdannede helsefagarbeidere fra ulike sykehjem (2018-2019). Resultatene viser mangel på koherens mellom skolen og arbeidslivet om hva som kjennetegner relevant innhold og organisering av praksisopplæringen ved vg2 HFA. Samtidig peker resultatene på viktigheten av innhold som vektlegger et helhetlig pasientsyn knyttet til yrkeskompetanse, i stedet for skoleoppgaver som vektlegger enkeltdisipliner og prosedyrer. Resultatene peker også på behov for en ny organisering av praksis, som innebærer et kollektivt ansvar for elevene på arbeidsplassen. Det fordi det gir bedre kontinuitet, samt bredere og mer varierte praksiserfaringer for elevene.
Light‐Driven Actuation in Synthetic Polymers: A Review from Fundamental Concepts to Applications
Authors: Bhatti Muhammad Rehan Asghar , Kernin Arnaud , Tausif Muhammad , Zhang Han , Papageorgiou Dimitrios , Bilotti Emiliano , Peijs Ton , Bastiaansen Cees W. M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLight‐driven actuation of synthetic polymers is an emerging field of interest because it offers simple remote addressing without complicated hydraulic, electric, or magnetic systems. Reviews on this area predominantly emphasize on the development of mechanical motions like bending, twisting, folding, etc. However, the scientific and fundamental aspects of these materials are critical in order to expand applications and industrial relevance. Polymer actuators driven by light, not only comprise soft actuators (large deformations at low stress) but also include stiff actuators (high actuation stress at low strain). Synthetic polymeric materials with photo‐responsive additives together with underlying mechanisms, processing parameters, and final properties are required to broaden the scope of the field. In particular, parameters like actuation stress, actuation strain, and work capacity have been given limited attention in the past and are discussed extensively. This work gives a comprehensive critical review on all light‐driven synthetic polymer actuators, their actuating mechanisms, and materials. A holistic perspective together with an insight into future prospects can lead academia and industry toward future innovations and applications of these exciting functional materials.
Fully Light‐Modulated Organic Artificial Synapse with the Assistance of Ferroelectric Polarization
Authors: Ji Rongxue , Feng Guangdi , Jiang Chunli , Tian Bobo , Luo Chunhua , Lin Hechun , Tang Xiaodong , Peng Hui , Duan Chun‐Gang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOptoelectronic synapses integrating synaptic and sensing functions have great potential in visual information processing and neuromorphic computing. Here, an artificial optoelectronic synapse based on copper‐phthalocyanine (CuPc) and poly(vinylidene fluoridetrifluoroethylene) (P(VDF‐TrFE)) is reported. The fabricated two‐terminal device exhibits bidirectional responses to light pulses with different wavelengths, which endows the device the capability to implement both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic behaviors in an optical pathway. The introduction of P(VDF‐TrFE) greatly improves the performance of the device as an artificial synapse, because the ferroelectric polarization of P(VDF‐TrFE) can control the relaxation behavior of the device. After mimicking some basic functions of biological synapses, the device is successfully applied to simulate the action and relaxation process of nociceptors when suffering from external harmful stimuli.
Synthesis of Dibenzo[g,p]Chrysenes via Organophotocatalytic Sequential Single‐Electron Oxidation
Authors: Yamaguchi Eiji , Abe Ayaka , Itoh Akichika 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as dibenzo[g,p]chrysenes (DBCs) have recently attracted much attention in synthetic organic chemistry and materials chemistry, particularly as important structural motifs in functional materials for electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, the preparation of DBCs and its derivatives generally requires multistep syntheses and the use of transition metal catalysts. This report describes a highly efficient method comprising a sequential single‐electron oxidative spirocyclization and 1,2‐aryl migration for the construction of DBCs. The combination of Mes‐Acr+ and diphenyldisulfide in the photocatalytic system enables a first single‐electron oxidation to occur preferentially at the more electron‐rich alkene moiety of a readily available starting material, followed by a second single‐electron oxidation after intramolecular spirocyclization. A variety of DBCs have been readily synthesized using the present methodology.
Copper‐Mediated Relay Strategy Using Chlorination/Oxidation: An Effective Synthesis of Functionalized Coumarin Derivatives
Authors: Muralidhar Baitinti , Victoria Govada Grace , Kumar K. Shiva , Reddy Sabbasani Rajasekhara 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChromene‐fused heterocyclic compounds have shown fascinating biological and physiochemical properties and thus, the design and development of chromene‐fused heterocyclic molecules is of significant interest in the field of synthetic organic chemistry. We report an innovative ligand‐ and additive‐free synthetic approach of 4‐(phenylethynyl)‐2H‐chromene‐3‐carbaldehyde with phenylacetylenes has been described through sequential chlorination, benzannulation, benzylic sp3 C−H bond functionalization, and ether oxidation for the formation of chloro‐substituted‐9‐phenyl‐6H‐benzo[c]chromen‐6‐ones with readily available chemicals under one‐pot, base‐free conditions using CuCl2 as sustainable catalyst. In this regioselective approach, we defined a reasonably longer cascade, which reveals the multiple role of chlorine as chlorine supplier, Lewis acid catalyst and oxidation rate promoter that tolerates a broad substrate scope and allows good product yields. The authenticated mechanism proceeds in a cascading fashion through the formation of multiple bonds.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Stagewise Strain‐Release‐Driven C−C Activation of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl Alcohols
Authors: Yu Songjie , Ai Yinan , Hu Lingfei , Lu Gang , Duan Chunying , Ma Yue 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed chemoselective coupling of readily available bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl alcohols (BCP−OH) with various halides is reported, which offers expedient approaches to a wide range of cyclobutanone and β,γ‐enone skeletons via single or double C−C activation. The chemistry shows a broad substrate scope in terms of both the range of BCP−OH and halides including a series of natural product derivatives. Moreover, dependency of reaction chemodivergence on base additive has been investigated through experimental and density functional theory (DFT) studies, which is expected to significantly enrich the reaction modes and increase the synthetic potential of BCP−OH in preparing more complex molecules.
Design and Synthesis of a Zeolitic Organic Framework**
Authors: Liu Yaozu , Chen Pohua , Wang Yujie , Suo Jinquan , Ding Jiehua , Zhu Liangkui , Valtchev Valentin , Yan Yushan , Qiu Shilun , Sun Junliang , Fang Qianrong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe development of novel zeolite‐like materials with large channel windows and high stability is of importance but remains a tremendous challenge. Herein, we report the first example of a 3D covalent organic framework with zeolitic network, namely the zeolitic organic framework (ZOF). By combining two kinds of tetrahedral building blocks with fixed or relatively free bond angles, ZOF‐1 with the zeoliticcrbnet has been successfully synthesized. Its structure was determined by the single‐crystal 3D electron diffraction technique. Remarkably, ZOF‐1 shows high chemical stability, large pore size (up to 16 Å), and excellent specific surface area (≈2785 m2 g−1), which is superior to its analogues with the same network, including traditional aluminosilicate zeolites and zeolitic imidazole frameworks. This study thus opens a new avenue to construct zeolite‐like materials with pure organic frameworks and will promote their potential applications in adsorption and catalysis for macromolecules.
Efficient Triplet‐Triplet Annihilation Upconversion Sensitized by a Chromium(III) Complex via an Underexplored Energy Transfer Mechanism
Authors: Wang Cui , Reichenauer Florian , Kitzmann Winald R. , Kerzig Christoph , Heinze Katja , Resch‐Genger Ute 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSensitized triplet‐triplet annihilation upconversion (sTTA‐UC) mainly relies on precious metal complexes thanks to their high intersystem crossing (ISC) efficiencies, excited state energies, and lifetimes, while complexes of abundant first‐row transition metals are only rarely utilized and with often moderate UC quantum yields. [Cr(bpmp)2]3+ (bpmp=2,6‐bis(2‐pyridylmethyl)pyridine) containing earth‐abundant chromium possesses an absorption band suitable for green light excitation, a doublet excited state energy matching the triplet energy of 9,10‐diphenyl anthracene (DPA), a close to millisecond excited state lifetime, and high photostability. Combined ISC and doublet‐triplet energy transfer from excited [Cr(bpmp)2]3+ to DPA gives 3DPA with close‐to‐unity quantum yield. TTA of 3DPA furnishes green‐to‐blue UC with a quantum yield of 12.0 % (close to the theoretical maximum). Sterically less‐hindered anthracenes undergo a [4+4] cycloaddition with [Cr(bpmp)2]3+ and green light.
Synthesis of Atropisomeric Two‐Axis Systems by the Catalyst‐Controlled syn‐ and anti‐Selective Arene‐Forming Aldol Condensation
Authors: Moser Daniel , Sparr Christof 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSimultaneous control over the configuration of multiple stereocenters is accomplished by numerous catalytic methods, providing a reliable basis for the synthesis of stereochemically complex targets in isomerically defined form. In contrast, addressing the configurations of multiple stereogenic axes with diastereodivergent catalyst control is thus far only possible by stepwise approaches. Herein we now describe that all four stereoisomers of atropisomeric two‐axis systems are directly tractable by assembling a central aromatic unit of teraryls through an arene‐forming aldol condensation. By using cinchona alkaloid‐based ion‐pairing catalysts, the four feasible reaction pathways are differentiated from identical substrates under defined basic conditions without preactivation, thus enabling complete stereodivergence with enantioselectivities of up to 99 : 1 e.r.
Ferrocene‐modified imidazoles: One‐pot oxalyl chloride‐assisted synthesis, HPLC enantiomeric resolution, and in vivo antitumor effects
Authors: Snegur Lubov V. , Rodionov Alexey N. , Ostrovskaya Larissa A. , Ilyin Mikhail M. , Simenel Alexander A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHighlights on the development of ferrocene biochemistry in Russia since the 1950s are given. Here, avoiding high‐toxic precursors, ferrocene‐based imidazoles and benzimidazoles (16 compounds) were synthesized in good to high yields via the reaction of the α‐(hydroxy)alkyl ferrocenes with modified heterocycles using oxalyl chloride to activate imidazole system. Mild conditions (room temperature, chloroform, stirring for up to 1.5 h) allowed preparing a number of various ferrocene‐containing imidazoles, which are promising as antitumor agents. The analytical HPLC method was successfully applied to enantioseparation of the resulting ferrocene enantiomers (Chiralcel OD column). Antitumor activities of the preparing compounds against murine solid tumours such as Acatol adenocarcinoma and Ca755 carcinoma have been studied in vivo. Some of the tested compounds have been strong effective against Acatol adenocarcinoma. The value of the tumour growth inhibition coefficient was about 90% versus control in this strain.
Synthesis of cross‐linked composite membranes by functionalization of single‐walled carbon nanotubes with 1,4‐butane sultone and sulfanilic acid for fuel cell
Authors: Munavalli Balappa B. , Hegde Sachin N. , Kariduraganavar Mahadevappa Y. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe materialistic viability of proton exchange membrane fuel cells predominantly depends on the membrane properties. Thus, in this paper, an emphasis was made on the preparation of cross‐linked composite electrolyte membranes. Primarily, a terpolymer was synthesized by employing monomers of phenolphthalein, 4,4′‐diflorobenzophenone, and sodium 5,5′‐carbonyl bis(2‐fluorobenzene‐sulfonate). To enhance the mechanical characteristics of the terpolymer, it was cross‐linked with bisphenol‐A diglycidyl ether. Furthermore, to boost the performance of the fuel cell of the cross‐linked terpolymer electrolyte, two different sulfonated single‐walled carbon nanotubes were incorporated into cross‐linked terpolymer matrix and the resulting developed electrolytes, respectively, denoted as Bu‐singe‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and Su‐SWCNTs membranes. The physico‐chemical characteristics of the successive electrolytes were tested using discrete techniques. Across the series of membranes, the proton conductivity of the 12 mass% of Bu‐SWCNTs and Su‐SWCNTs varied cross‐linked composite membrane was found to be 0.131 and 0.126 S cm−1 at 80 °C with a relative humidity of 100%. Similarly, the performance of the fuel cell examination ascertained the highest power density of 0.43 and 0.39 W cm−2 for the same membranes. These results are superior to the commercially available Nafion® 117 membrane. Thereby, the above‐mentioned cross‐linked composite membranes might be utilized as constructive applicants for the fuel cell.
Prediction value with a novel and accurate tissue‐based human papillomavirus detection method in low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions
Authors: Wang He , He Zheng , Han Xue , Zhang Deyu , Zhang Shitai 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe progression rate from CIN1 to CIN3 is 9.0% and that for invasive cancer is 1.0%. The large majority of CIN1 lesions regress spontaneously, and the treatment of CIN1 is still controversial.AimsThe aim of this study is to investigate the responsible HPV genotype in the low‐grade SILs, then to predict the presence of high‐grade SILs, and determine whether further treatment is needed.MethodsWe use the methods of manual microdissection with FFPE tissue specimens and the E6/E7 uniplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect HPV in the lesions.ResultsThe HPV test was performed on 72 biopsy tissue specimens, and 55 (76.4%, 55/72) of them were HPV positive. Nine (16.4%, 9/55) of them escalated to CIN2 after LEEP or cervical conization, and 46 (83.6%, 46/55) were still CIN1. There were 17 (23.6%, 17/72) cases with HPV‐negative results in cervical biopsy tissues.HPV test of cervical biopsy diagnosed with CIN1 has a positive predictive value of 16.4% in the presence of CIN2 or higher lesions, a negative predictive value of 94.1%, a specificity of 25.8%, and a sensitivity of 90.0%. HPV test of cervical biopsy tissues for the prediction of HPV infection in LEEP or cone surgery tissues had a positive predictive value of 80.0%, a negative predictive value of 82.3%, a specificity of 56.0%, and a sensitivity of 93.6%.ConclusionsIt is the first time that we have detected HPV genotype in the low‐grade SILs by the methods of manual microdissection with FFPE tissue specimens and the E6/E7 uniplex PCR. Patients with cervical biopsy tissue diagnosed with CIN1 and with a negative or only low‐risk HPV type result can be considered for follow‐up. Conversely, in cases of cervical biopsy tissue diagnosed with CIN1 positive for high‐risk HPV, surgery or a close follow‐up program can be selected.
Changes in parents' psychotropic medication use following child's cancer diagnosis: A fixed‐effects register‐study in Finland
Authors: Metsä‐Simola Niina S. , Remes Hanna M. , Hiltunen Elina M. , Martikainen Pekka T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSymptoms of depression and anxiety are elevated among parents of children with cancer. However, knowledge of parents' psychotropic medication use following child's cancer diagnosis is scarce.MethodsWe use longitudinal Finnish register data on 3266 mothers and 2687 fathers whose child (aged 0–19) was diagnosed with cancer during 2000–2016. We record mothers' and fathers' psychotropic medication use (at least one annual purchase of anxiolytics, hypnotics, sedatives, or antidepressants) 5 years before and after the child's diagnosis and assess within‐individual changes in medication use by time since diagnosis, cancer type, child's age, presence of siblings, and parent's living arrangements and education using linear probability models with the individual fixed‐effects estimator. The fixed‐effects models compare each parent's annual probability of psychotropic medication use after diagnosis to their annual probability of medication use during the 5‐year period before the diagnosis.ResultsPsychotropic medication use was more common among mothers than fathers already before the child's diagnosis, 11.2% versus 7.3%. Immediately after diagnosis, psychotropic medication use increased by 6.0 (95% CI 4.8–7.2) percentage points among mothers and by 3.2 (CI 2.1–4.2) percentage points among fathers. Among fathers, medication use returned to pre‐diagnosis level by the second year, except among those whose child was diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia or lymphoblastic lymphoma. Among mothers of children with a central nervous system cancer, medication use remained persistently elevated during the 5‐year follow‐up. For mothers with other under‐aged children or whose diagnosed child was younger than 10 years, the return to pre‐diagnosis level was also slow.ConclusionsHaving a child with cancer clearly increases parents' psychotropic medication use. The increase is smaller and more short‐lived among fathers, but among mothers its duration depends on both cancer type and family characteristics. Our results suggest that an increased care burden poses particular strain to the long‐term mental well‐being of mothers.
Pregnancy outcomes related to the treatment of sarcomas with anthracyclines and/or ifosfamide during pregnancy
Authors: Miller Devon , Livingston John A. , Park Yeonhee , Posey Kristi , Godbole Sonia , Skubitz Keith , Robinson Steven I. , Agulnik Mark , Davis Lara E. , Van Tine Brian A. , Hirbe Angela C. , Parkes Amanda 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSarcomas are rare diagnoses but are seen with relative frequency in adolescents and young adults and thus can present in pregnancy. We sought to study the administration of anthracyclines and/or ifosfamide in pregnancy‐associated sarcomas.Patients and MethodsWe conducted a multi‐institutional retrospective study, identifying sarcoma patients who received anthracyclines and/or ifosfamide during pregnancy. Chart review identified variables related to demographics, cancer diagnosis, therapies, and outcome of the patient and fetus. Wilcoxon rank‐sum test compared two independent samples.ResultsWe identified 13 patients at seven institutions with sarcoma who received anthracyclines and/or ifosfamide during pregnancy, including four bone sarcomas and nine soft tissue sarcomas diagnosed at a mean gestational age of 16.7 ± 5.9 weeks. Only nine patients had live births (9/13, 69.2%), with mean gestational age of 30.8 ± 3.8 weeks at delivery. The four patients with pregnancy loss all received both doxorubicin and ifosfamide, with chemotherapy initiated at 15.5 weeks as compared with 21.3 weeks for those patients with live births (p = 0.016).ConclusionIn this multi‐institutional study of sarcoma chemotherapy regimens administered during pregnancy, we found a high rate of fetal demise that was seen only in patients receiving both doxorubicin and ifosfamide and statistically more likely with chemotherapy initiation earlier in the second trimester. While limited by a small sample size, our study represents the largest study of sarcoma patients that received anthracyclines and/or ifosfamide in pregnancy thus far reported and supports development of an international registry to study concerns raised by our study.