bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endurance exercise attenuates juvenile irradiation-induced skeletal muscle functional decline and mitochondrial stress
Authors: O’Connor Thomas N. , Kallenbach Jacob G. , Orciuoli Haley M. , Paris Nicole D. , Bachman John F. , Johnston Carl J. , Hernady Eric , Williams Jacqueline P. , Dirksen Robert T. , Chakkalakal Joe V. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Radiotherapy is commonly used to treat childhood cancers and can have adverse effects on muscle function, but the underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated. We hypothesized that endurance exercise following radiation treatment would improve skeletal muscle function.

Methods
We utilized the Small Animal Radiation Research Platform (SARRP) to irradiate juvenile male mice with a clinically relevant fractionated dose of 3× (every other day over 5 days) 8.2 Gy X-ray irradiation locally from the knee to footpad region of the right hindlimb. Mice were then singly housed for 1 month in cages equipped with either locked or free-spinning voluntary running wheels. Ex vivo muscle contractile function, RT-qPCR analyses, resting cytosolic and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) store Ca2+ levels, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels (MitoSOX), and immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses of muscle samples were conducted to assess the muscle pathology and the relative therapeutic impact of voluntary wheel running (VWR).

Results
Irradiation reduced fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle-specific force by 27% compared to that of non-irradiated mice, while VWR post-irradiation improved muscle-specific force by 37%. Radiation treatment similarly reduced slow-twitch soleus muscle-specific force by 14% compared to that of non-irradiated mice, while VWR post-irradiation improved specific force by 18%. We assessed intracellular Ca2+ regulation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial homeostasis as potential mechanisms of radiation-induced pathology and exercise-mediated rescue. We found a significant reduction in resting cytosolic Ca2+ concentration following irradiation in sedentary mice. Intriguingly, however, SR Ca2+ store content was increased in myofibers from irradiated mice post-VWR compared to mice that remained sedentary. We observed a 73% elevation in the overall protein oxidization in muscle post-irradiation, while VWR reduced protein nitrosylation by 35% and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by 50%. Finally, we found that VWR significantly increased the expression of PGC1α at both the transcript and protein levels, consistent with an exercise-dependent increase in mitochondrial biogenesis.

Conclusions
Juvenile irradiation stunted muscle development, disrupted proper Ca2+ handling, damaged mitochondria, and increased oxidative and nitrosative stress, paralleling significant deficits in muscle force production. Exercise mitigated aberrant Ca2+ handling, mitochondrial homeostasis, and increased oxidative and nitrosative stress in a manner that correlated with improved skeletal muscle function after radiation.
Mapping groundwater nitrate contaminant risk using the modified DRASTIC model: a case study in Ethiopia
Authors: Alamne Samuel B. , Assefa Tewodros T. , Belay Sisay A. , Hussein Misbah A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Nitrate contamination of groundwater often occurs in urban and industrial areas due to point and non-point sources of anthropological activities. Groundwater constitutes a a significant portion of the water supply system for Bahir Dar City in Ethiopia, though the level of groundwater pollution is not known. This study was conducted to assess the the extent of the aquifer and groundwater pollution (nitrate) based on contaminant vulnerability risk mapping using the GIS integrated modified DRASTIC model. A field survey was conducted to collect samples from boreholes for nitrate analysis and to modify the DRASTIC model.

Results
Compared to the original intrinsic vulnerability assessment, land use as external factors changed from moderate-high to high vulnerability class from 18 to 88%. The FR-APH modified model showed a good correlation (0.53) compared to the other methods. Based on the FR-APH modified model, about 31% of the area was under moderate to high and high vulnerability range, 39% was under moderate vulnerability range while 30% was under low and moderate to low vulnerability range.

Conclusions
The integrated vulnerability map showed high risk in the central part of the City due to the flat slope and shallow depth to groundwater. Besides, the sensitivity analysis indicated that the contribution of aquifer media and vadose zone to contaminant risk was found trivial. In general, groundwater at Bahir Darwas found vulnerable to nitrate contamination and needs proper management.
Dynamics of the infant gut microbiota in the first 18 months of life: the impact of maternal HIV infection and breastfeeding
Authors: Grant-Beurmann Silvia , Jumare Jibreel , Ndembi Nicaise , Matthew Olayemi , Shutt Ashley , Omoigberale Augustine , Martin Olivia A. , Fraser Claire M. , Charurat Man 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) during pregnancy and breastfeeding for mothers with HIV has resulted in fewer children acquiring HIV peri- and postnatally, resulting in an increase in the number of children who are exposed to the virus but are not infected (HEU). HEU infants have an increased likelihood of childhood infections and adverse growth outcomes, as well as increased mortality compared to their HIV-unexposed (HUU) peers. We explored potential differences in the gut microbiota in a cohort of 272 Nigerian infants born to HIV-positive and negative mothers in this study during the first 18 months of life.

Results
The taxonomic composition of the maternal vaginal and gut microbiota showed no significant differences based on HIV status, and the composition of the infant gut microbiota at birth was similar between HUU and HEU. Longitudinal taxonomic composition of the infant gut microbiota and weight-for-age z-scores (WAZ) differed depending on access to breast milk. HEU infants displayed overall lower WAZ than HUU infants at all time points. We observed a significantly lower relative abundance of Bifidobacterium in HEU infants at 6 months postpartum. Breast milk composition also differed by time point and HIV infection status. The antiretroviral therapy drugs, lamivudine and nevirapine, as well as kynurenine, were significantly more abundant in the breast milk of mothers with HIV. Levels of tiglyl carnitine (C5) were significantly lower in the breast milk of mothers without HIV. ART drugs in the breast milk of mothers with HIV were associated with a lower relative abundance of Bifidobacterium longum.

Conclusions
Maternal HIV infection was associated with adverse growth outcomes of HEU infants in this study, and these differences persist from birth through at least 18 months, which is a critical window for the development of the immune and central nervous systems. We observed that the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium spp. was significantly lower in the gut microbiota of all HEU infants over the first 6 months postpartum, even if HEU infants were receiving breast milk. Breastfeeding was of benefit in our HEU infant cohort in the first weeks postpartum; however, ART drug metabolites in breast milk were associated with a lower abundance of Bifidobacterium.
Lungworms (Metastrongylus spp.) demonstrated in domestic pigs with respiratory disease: was there a clinical relevance?
Authors: Wallgren Per , Pettersson Emelie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
An outdoor pig herd was affected by severe respiratory disease in one out of three pastures. At necropsy, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida were detected in the lungs, as well as the lung worm Metastrongylus apri. The life cycle of Metastrongylus spp. includes earthworms as intermediate hosts, and since domestic pigs mainly are reared indoors, lungworm infections have not been diagnosed in domestic pigs in Sweden for decades, not even in pigs reared outdoors. Therefore, this disease outbreak was scrutinised from the view of validating the impact of Metastrongylus spp.

Results
At the time of the disease outbreak, neither eggs of Metastrongylus spp., Trichuris suis nor Ascaris suum were detected in faeces of pigs aged ten weeks. In contrast, five-months-old pigs at the pasture with respiratory disease shed up to 3800 eggs per gram (Epg) of Ascaris suum and up to 1100 Epg of Trichuris suis, whereas eggs of these parasites were not demonstrated in healthy pigs aged six months at another pasture. Low numbers of eggs from Metastrongylus spp. (< 150 Epg) were seen in faecal samples from both these age categories. At slaughter, seven weeks later, ten normal weighted pigs in the preceding healthy batch were compared with ten normal weighted and five small pigs from the affected batch. Healing Mycoplasma-like pneumonic lesions were seen in all groups. All small pigs shed eggs of Ascaris suum in the faeces, compared to around 50% of the larger pigs. Metastrongylus spp. were demonstrated in 13 of the 25 pigs (52%), representing all groups included.

Conclusion
As Metastrongylus spp. were demonstrated regardless of health status, and also in another healthy outdoor herd, the impact of Metastrongylus spp. on the outbreak of respiratory disease was depreciated. Instead, a possible association with a high burden of Ascaris suum was suggested to have preceded the severe outbreak with respiratory disease in the affected herd. Further, it was concluded that Metastrongylus spp. will escape detection at routine meat inspections made at slaughterhouses, and as they appeared to generally not induce clinical signs of respiratory disease Metastrongylus spp. may be more common in outdoor production than previously believed.
Unilateral radiculopathy away from the puncture site due to adhesive arachnoiditis after spinal anesthesia for an emergent cesarean delivery: a case report
Authors: Shimizu Satoshi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Adhesive arachnoiditis has been described as a deteriorating neurological complication after neuraxial blockade; however, few pieces of literatures have reported minor cases that resemble peripheral neuropathy.

Case presentation
A 29-year-old nulliparous woman underwent an emergent cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia at the second and third lumbar interspace (L2/3) without any specific concerns. Subsequently, she developed left L5 and sacral first (S1) radiculopathy that persisted for 2 months. Although the neurological findings more likely indicated peripheral neuropathy, magnetic resonance imaging revealed localized adhesive arachnoiditis at the left L5/S1 level. Her symptoms gradually improved and entirely disappeared within 2 months without any particular treatment.

Conclusion
The neurological symptoms that show a clear tendency to improve spontaneously do not always undergo a detailed workup. Therefore, such minor adhesive arachnoiditis might have occurred more than expected. Imaging such cases might cumulatively further the understanding of its etiology.
Venous cannula occlusion during cardiopulmonary bypass recognized by ultrasonography of the internal jugular vein
Authors: Narasaki Soshi , Miyoshi Hirotsugu , Nakamura Ryuji , Sumii Ayako , Watanabe Tomoyuki , Otsuki Sachiko , Tsutsumi Yasuo M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Occlusion or malposition of the venous cannula during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) increases central venous pressure (CVP). When high CVP is measured, we need to determine if it is actually high or if it is measured due to catheter occlusion or technical problems with the measurement.

Case presentation
We experienced a case of excessively high CVP due to malposition of the venous cannula during CPB. A 78-year-old woman underwent an aortic arch replacement for acute aortic dissection. During CPB, CVP increased up to 78 mmHg, and the time above 50 mmHg was 48 min. In this case, ultrasonography of the internal jugular vein (IJV) was useful to confirm high CVP.

Conclusions
Ultrasonography is now a familiar diagnostic tool and can be used at any time. We should consider ultrasonography as the first choice for diagnosing the cause of high CVP during CPB.
Ion-scale solitary waves in magnetoplasma with non-thermal electrons
Authors: Khalid Muhammad , Kabir Abdul , Irshad Muhammad 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The propagation of ion acoustic (IA) solitary waves (SWs) is investigated in a magnetized electron-ion (EI) plasma with Cairns-Tsallis distributed electrons. A Zakharov-Kuznetsov (ZK) type equation is derived for the electrostatic potential via a reductive perturbation method (RPM). It is found that increasing values of non-extensive parameter q leads to reduction (enhancement) in amplitude of compressive (rarefactive) solitary structures. The amplitude of compressive (rarefactive) solitary wave (SW) decreases (increases) with increasing values of non-thermality parameter α. Furthermore, it is found that magnetic field strength Ω only affects the width of solitary structures.
Effect of stimulation frequency on force, power and fatigue of isolated mouse extensor digitorum longus muscle
Authors: Shelley Sharn P. , James Rob S. , Eustace Steven J. , Eyre Emma , Tallis Jason 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
This study examined the effect of stimulation frequency (140, 200, 230 and 260 Hz) on isometric force, work loop (WL) power and the fatigue resistance of extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle (n=32), isolated from 8- to 10-week-old CD-1 female mice. Stimulation frequency had significant effects on isometric properties of isolated mouse EDL, whereby increasing stimulation frequency evoked increased isometric force, quicker activation and prolonged relaxation (P&lt;0.047) up to 230 Hz and above; thereafter, force and activation did not differ (P&gt;0.137). Increasing stimulation frequency increased maximal WL power output (P&lt;0.001; 140 Hz, 71.3±3.5; 200 Hz, 105.4±4.1; 230 Hz, 115.5±4.1; 260 Hz, 121.1±4.1 W kg−1), but resulted in significantly quicker rates of fatigue during consecutive WLs (P&lt;0.004). WL shapes indicate impaired muscle relaxation at the end of shortening and subsequent increased negative work appeared to contribute to fatigue at 230 and 260 Hz, but not at lower stimulation frequencies. Cumulative work was unaffected by stimulation frequency, except at the start of the fatigue protocol, where 230 and 260 Hz produced more work than 140 Hz (P&lt;0.039). We demonstrate that stimulation frequency affects force, power and fatigue, but these effects are not uniform between different assessments of contractile performance. Therefore, future work examining the contractile properties of isolated skeletal muscle should consider increasing the stimulation frequency beyond that needed for maximal force when examining maximal power but should utilise a sub-maximal stimulation frequency for fatigue assessments to avoid a high degree of negative work atypical of in vivo function.
Palladium-catalyzed Dehydrogenative [3+3] Aromatization of Propyl Ketones and Allyl Carbonates
Authors: Koike Kenta , Ueno Satoshi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A Pd-catalyzed dehydrogenative [3+3] aromatization of 3-phenylpropyl ketones and allyl carbonates has been developed. The reaction gives various di- or tri-substituted aromatic ketones. The reaction consisting of five steps efficiently proceeded in a one-batch, one-manipulation setup. The postulated active species, η3-allyl palladium complex, works as a catalyst for triple dehydrogenations and mono allylation with high substrate controls.
4’-fluorouridine and its derivatives as potential COVID-19 oral drugs: a review
Authors: Abas Abdul Hawil , Tallei Trina Ekawati , Fatimawali Fatimawali , Celik Ismail , Alhumaydhi Fahad A. , Emran Talha Bin , Dhama Kuldeep , Rabaan Ali A. , Garout Mohammed A. , Halwani Muhammad A. , Al Mutair Abbas , Alhumaid Saad , Harapan Harapan 
Published: April 2022

Background: Although vaccination is underway, antiviral drugs against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are lacking. Remdesivir, a nucleoside analog that works by inhibiting the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), is the only fully approved antiviral for the treatment of COVID-19. However, it is limited to intravenous use and is usually recommended only for hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19; therefore, oral drugs that can be prescribed even to non-hospitalized patients are required. According to a recent study, 4′-fluoruridine, a nucleoside analog similar to remdesivir, is a promising candidate for COVID-19 oral therapy due to its ability to stall viral RdRp. Methods: We examined the antiviral activity of 4′-fluorouridine and compared it to other drugs currently in development. The current literature on 4′-fluorouridine's antiviral activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been compiled and discussed in this review. Results: The 4'-fluorouridine has antiviral activity against the respiratory syncytial virus, hepatitis C virus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, and other RNA viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. In vitro studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 is susceptible to 4'-fluorouridine, with the half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 0.2 to 0.6 M, and that the 4′-fluorouridine derivative, 4′-fluorouridine-5′-triphosphate, inhibited RdRp via a mechanism distinct from that of the already approved COVID-19 oral drug, molnupiravir. In addition, an in vivo study revealed that SARS-CoV-2 is highly susceptible to 4'-fluorouridine and was effective with a single daily dose versus molnupiravir administered twice daily. Conclusions: Concerns about the genetic effects of molnupiravir may be resolved by the use of 4′-fluorouridine and its derivative, which, unlike molnupiravir, do not alter genetics, but inhibit RdRp instead. Although they are currently considered as strong candidates, further studies are required to determine the antiviral activity of 4′-fluorouridine and its derivative against SARS-CoV-2 and their genetic effects on humans.
Does the impact of medical publications vary by disease indication and publication type? An exploration using a novel, value-based, publication metric framework: the EMPIRE Index
Authors: Rees Tomas , Pal Avishek 
Published: April 2022

Background: The EMPIRE (EMpirical Publication Impact and Reach Evaluation) Index is a value-based, multi-component metric framework to assess the impact of medical publications in terms of relevance to different stakeholders. It comprises three component scores (social, scholarly and societal impact), each incorporating related altmetrics that indicate a different aspect of engagement with the publication. Here, we present an exploratory investigation of whether publication types or disease indications influence EMPIRE Index scores. Methods: Article-level metrics were extracted and EMPIRE Index scores were calculated for 5825 journal articles published from 1 May 2017 to 1 May 2018, representing 12 disease indications (chosen to reflect a wide variety of common and rare diseases with a variety of aetiologies) and five publication types. Results: There were significant differences in scores between article types and disease indications. Median (95% CI) social and scholarly impact scores ranged from 1.2 (0.3–1.6) to 4.8 (3.1–6.6), respectively, for phase 3 clinical trials, and from 0.3 (0.3–0.4) to 2.3 (1.9–2.6), respectively, for observational studies. Social and scholarly impact scores were highest for multiple sclerosis publications and lowest for non-small cell lung cancer publications. Systematic reviews achieved greater impact than regular reviews. Median trends in the social impact of different disease areas matched the level of public interest as assessed through Google search interest. Although most articles did not register societal impact, mean societal impact scores were highest for migraine publications. Conclusions: The EMPIRE Index successfully identified differences in impact by disease area and publication type, which supports the notion that the impact of each publication needs to be evaluated in the context of these factors, and potentially others. These findings should be considered when using the EMPIRE Index to assess publication impact.
Complete proofs of the main theorems on summability factors
Authors: Baron Simson , Peyerimhoff Alexander 
Published: April 2022

In this article the shortest proofs up to the present of the main theorems on summability factors for Cesàro methods are given. The necessity part of these theorems is proved for more general methods. Especially short is the proof of the sufficiency part of the theorem for summability factors of types (C0α,|Cβ|) and (Cα,|Cβ|).
Two new multivariate tests, in particular for a high dimension
Authors: Läuter Jürgen 
Published: April 2022

Two new test statistics for the multivariate one-sample problem are introduced that are applicable to normally distributed data in all cases with a sample size n≥2 and a dimension p≥1. The dimension may also be greater than the sample size. The tests are based on the theory of spherical distributions. They utilize the principal components of the total sums of product matrices of the given data. Under the null hypothesis, the statistics are exactly beta distributed. The performance of the tests is investigated by simulations. Finally, the methods are applied to high-dimensional data from gene expression analysis (dimension p=12625).
Infinite Viterbi alignments in the two state hidden Markov models
Authors: Koloydenko Alexey , Lember Jüri 
Published: April 2022

Since the early days of digital communication, hidden Markov models (HMMs) have now been routinely used in speech recognition, processing of natural languages, images, and in bioinformatics. An HMM (Xi, Yi)i≥1 assumes observations X1, X2, . . . to be conditionally independent given an “explanatary” Markov process Y1, Y2, . . ., which itself is not observed; moreover, the conditional distribution of Xi depends solely on Yi. Central to the theory and applications of HMM is the Viterbi algorithm to find a maximum a posteriori estimate q1:n = (q1, q2, . . . , qn) of Y1:n given the observed data x1:n. Maximum a posteriori paths are also called Viterbi paths or alignments. Recently, attempts have been made to study the behavior of Viterbi alignments of HMMs with two hidden states when n tends to infinity. It has indeed been shown that in some special cases a well-defined limiting Viterbi alignment exists. While innovative, these attempts have relied on rather strong assumptions. This work proves the existence of infinite Viterbi alignments for virtually any HMM with two hidden states.
Frequency stabilization of a 739  nm laser to an I2 spectrum for trapped ytterbium ions
Authors: Wu Hao , Lu Pengfei , Liu Yang , Hu Jiangyong , Lao Qifeng , Rao Xinxin , Deng Lunhua , Zhu Feng , Luo Le 
Published: April 2022

We report on the frequency stabilization of a 739 nm Ti:sapphire laser to a hyperfine component of the

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B(1)-X(11) P(70) transition using acousto-optic modulation transfer spectroscopy. A frequency stability of

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around 13 s averaging time is achieved when the laser frequency is stabilized. The observed hyperfine transition of the molecular iodine is an ideal frequency reference for locking the lasers used in experiments with trapped ytterbium ions, since its second-harmonic frequency is the

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P

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transition of the ytterbium ion at 369.5 nm. By investigating the line broadening effects due to the iodine vapor pressure and laser power, the locking is optimized to the theoretical signal to noise ratio of this iodine transition.