bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concept for a retractor with force indicator for reduction of tissue trauma in abdominal surgery
Authors: Boese Axel , Croner Roland , Wex Cora 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Retractors are used in surgery for the displacement of tissue and organs and to keep the surgical area open. The retraction can lead to a tissue compression that can cause irritation on nerves, perfusion deficits, hematoma or late sequelae like wound healing disorders, pain and numbness. The retraction force and thus the load on the tissue can not be measured with retraction systems today. We present a new concept for a retractor with an integrated spring element and an indicator to visualize retraction force and allow an adjustment of the organ compression. The new retractor was designed considering organ compression limits, requirements on sterility and easy manufacturing. Two retractors were built up as a prototype by 3D printing and tested in a distinguished test setup. The first test of the retractors was performed on a force measurement test bench using a fixed retractor, and in a second test, a liver specimen in a bowl. Tests were repeated for both retractor variants. The tests showed how different spring characteristics could be realized with the new retractor design. Depending on the spring characteristics, the compression could be limited to a certain level and flexibility that can compensate for unwanted patient motion. An indicator is integrated into the design showing the applied load on the retraction system. The presented concept can help to increase patient safety and reduce tissue trauma and late sequelae. The indicator is an easy way to visualize applied forces and allow adaption of the setup to the surgeon's needs.
A novel reflex analysis of healthy and spinal cord-injured individuals
Authors: Kristinsdóttir Sara , Þóra Þórisdóttir Arndís , Björk Halldórsdóttir Linda , Magnúsdóttir Gígja , Ingólfsdóttir Brynja , Ingvarsson Páll E. , Helgason Þórður 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) has a drastic effect on the quality of life of those affected. There is thus a great need for new knowledge that may increase their quality of life. The goal of this research was to develop and set up a measurement system for exact measurements of times between events in a patellar reflex test and a transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) and compare the two in healthy and spinal cord-injured individuals. 21 individuals with a healthy nervous system and 2 spinal cord-injured individuals were subjected to the patellar reflex test and tSCS. The patellar reflex of one individual with a complete SCI at vertebras C6-C7 after an accident was delayed by 24% compared with the healthy subjects, while the reflex time of the other SCI individual, who had cancer in vertebra T3, was shortened by 23%. There was also a difference in the reflex between the patellar reflex test and the tSCS due to action potential conduction distance. In this study, a processing method was created for comparing muscle signals generated by patellar strikes or electrical stimulation to the posterior nerve roots. Data from the subjects with central nervous system lesions showed characteristic differences from reference data.
Simulation of a passive position control for ferromagnetic particles with multiple Halbach rings
Authors: Thiel Robert , Jäkel Jens 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Various types of magnetic nanoparticles have been developed for a range of medical applications and some have the potential to treat diseases. In this paper, a new method for controlling the position of these magnetic particles by changing the magnetic field surrounding them using three Halbach ringsis investigated with the aid of a simulation. The inner ring controls the direction, and the position of the two outer rings can keep the group of particles together. In the simulation, the magnetic field is calculated analytically for each time step and the movement of the particles is simulated by applying the corresponding forces. These result from the manipulable external magnetic field, the magnetic field between the particles, the Lennard-Jones potential to model attractive interactions between the particles and the drag. In the simulation, we show how the particles are manipulated using a Levenberg-Marquard algorithm and develop a closedloop control for the position of the grouped particles by manipulating the magnetic field inside the Halbach rings by changing the angular position of these rings.
Determining the influence of endoskeleton friction on the damping of pulsating antibubbles
Authors: Anderton Nicole , Carlson Craig S. , Aharonson Vered , Postema Michiel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Recent in-vivo work showed the suitability of Pickering-stabilized antibubbles in harmonic imaging and ultrasound-guided drug delivery. To date, however, theoretical considerations of antibubble core properties and their effects on antibubble dynamics have been rather sparse. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of skeletal friction on the damping of a pulsating antibubble and the pulsation phase of an antibubble relative to the incident sound wave. Numerical simulations were performed to compute damping terms and pulsation phases of micron-sized antibubbles with thin elastic shells and 30% endoskeleton volume fraction. The simulations showed that the damping owing to skeleton presence dominates the damping mechanism for antibubbles of radii less than 2.5 μm, whilst it is negligible for greater radii. The pulsation phase of such small antibubbles was simulated to have a phase delay of up to 1/6 π with respect to pulsating free gas bubbles. Our findings demonstrate that the presence of an endoskeleton inside a bubble influences pulsation phase and damping of small antibubbles. Antibubbles of radii less than 3 μm are of interest for the use as ultrasound contrast agents.
An End-to-End Deep Leaning Approach for Sleep-Wake Classification Using Single Channel EEG Signals
Authors: El-Moaqet Hisham , Eid Mohammad , Ryalat Mutaz , Penzel Thomas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sleep quality has a significant impact on human physical and mental health. The detection of sleep-wake states is thus of significant importance in the study of sleep. The performance of classical machine learning models for automated sleep detection depends on the signals considered and feature extraction methods. Moreover, hand-crafted features are highly dependent on the experts’ experience and their prior knowledge about different physiological signals and conditions of the subjects. To overcome this limitation, this paper develops an end-to-end deep learning approach for automated feature extraction and detection of sleep-wake states using single channel raw EEG signals. Moreover, we leverage transfer learning to train and fine tune the proposed model to avoid the complexities associated with building a deep learning model from scratch. Using polysomnography (PSG) data of 20 patients, our results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed deep learning pipeline, achieving an excellent test performance in detecting sleep events with an overall sensitivity and precision of 92.7% and 92.1% respectively. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach can achieve superior performance compared to state-of-the-art studies on Sleep- Wake classification. Furthermore, it can attain reliable results as an alternative to classical methods that heavily rely on expert defined features.
Politics, Humanities, and Rural Homeland: The Prospects of Contemporary Confucianism
Authors: He Huaihong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
When observing the historical interaction between Confucianism and society, we see the origin of Confucian “learning” that began to take root during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. After Confucianism became the guiding political ideology during the Western Han Dynasty, a new social structure gradually came into being, featuring a close relationship between politics, humanities, rural homeland, and Confucian scholars playing their roles as scholar, official, and landed gentry. This was a rare phenomenon in the history of world civilization. It ensured the political power being handed down peacefully from generation to generation. It also guaranteed equal access to political opportunities, and the establishment of an orderly relationship between politics and culture, as well as between morality and social governance. However, after a century of twists and turns, Confucian scholars and Confucianism lost its way forward and its roots. Fortunately, the last four decades has seen a revival of Confucianism in China. Nonetheless, it still finds itself confronted by many modern-day challenges.
Being Mild and Gentle, Sincere and Broadminded and Chinese Aesthetic Psychology
Authors: Yuan Jixi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Appearing for the first time in the chapter “Explanation of the Six Arts” of The Book of Rites, the term “being mild and gentle, sincere and broadminded” reflects Chinese aesthetic psychology. Based on the philosophy of the Mean and harmony, the term fuses poetry with music and extends them to the aesthetics of literature and art. It preserves the concept of harmony dating to the Zhou Dynasty (1046 B.C.E.–256 B.C.E.). After being explained by Confucius and expounded by Dai Sheng, the compiler of The Book of Rites, it influenced the studies of The Book of Songs and music theory of the Han Dynasty (206 B.C.E.–220 C.E.). It laid the foundation of the aesthetic psychology of the Chinese nation and still retains strong vitality.
“Legitimate Authority” in the Chinese Tradition: Ethics-Politics
Authors: Du Lun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Max Weber proposed three types of legitimate authority: charismatic, traditional and rational-legal. Roughly at the same time, the Chinese scholar Liang Qichao, fully aware of the strong link between ethics and politics in ancient China, put forward the concept of “ethics-politics”, which launched a major debate. None of Weber’s three types of legitimate authority is applicable to the ancient Chinese model of “ethics-politics”, and “ethics-politics” should be considered and explored as a fourth type of legitimate authority. This article gives an outline of the historical origins of “ethics-politics” as well as the principles that gave rise to the concept. Then it cites pre-Qin Confucianism, particularly the thoughts of Confucius, Mencius, and Xunzi, to exemplify the legitimate authority of “ethics-politics” from five aspects: (1) inwardly being a sage and outwardly being a king; (2) rule of the man of virtue, viz. “to govern by virtue” and “rule by rites” or “rule of rites”; (3) benevolence as the core value; (4) everyone should become good as the goal of government; (5) Heaven/Tian as the supreme divinity.
A second look at intrapartum fetal surveillance and future directions
Authors: Ugwumadu Austin , Arulkumaran Sabaratnam 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Intrapartum fetal surveillance aims to predict significant fetal hypoxia and institute timely intervention to avoid fetal injury, and do so without unnecessary operative delivery of fetuses at no risk of intrapartum hypoxia. However, the configuration and application of current clinical guidelines inadvertently undermine these aims because of persistent failure to incorporate increased understanding of fetal cardiovascular physiology and adaptations to oxygen deprivation, advances in signal acquisition/processing, and related technologies. Consequently, the field on intrapartum fetal surveillance is stuck in rudimentary counts of the fetal R–R intervals and visual assessment of very common, but nonspecific fetal heart decelerations and fetal heart rate variability. The present authors argue that the time has come to move away from classifications of static morphological appearances of FHR decelerations, which do not assist the thinking clinician in understanding how the fetus defends itself and compensates for intrapartum hypoxic ischaemic insults or the patterns that suggest progressive loss of compensation. We also reappraise some of the controversial aspects of intrapartum fetal surveillance in modern obstetric practice, the current state of flux in training and certification, and contemplate the future of the field particularly in the context of the emerging role of artificial intelligence.
Reasons, Value, Valuing: Teleology and Explanation
Authors: McFadden Meredith 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We interact with value in two ways: we recognize objects as valuable and we take objects up as significant for our lives by valuing them. These two modes of interaction involve different kinds of reasons. Recognizing an object as valuable involves recognizing reasons that everyone shares, but agents can differ with respect to their reasons to value the object, and the reasons which are then involved in valuing. Using this observation, I argue that our relations to value and reasons are irreducible to each other by rejecting two views that attempt to interpret value in terms of reasons and vice versa.
How Pleasures Make Life Better
Authors: Alwood Andrew H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this paper, I argue that Phenomenalists about pleasure can concede a key claim, Heterogeneity, commonly used to object to their theory. They also can then vindicate the aspirations of J. S. Mill's doctrine of higher pleasures, while grounding their value claims in a naturalistic metaethics. But once Phenomenalists concede Heterogeneity they can no longer consistently endorse Hedonism as the correct theory of wellbeing, since they implicitly commit to recognizing distinct kinds of pleasure that are independently good-making. I also explore further issues that arise for a Pluralist theory of pleasure: How could there be distinct kinds of pleasure? How can pleasures be measured? Is it possible for some pleasures to be superior in kind to others? What unifies the category of pleasant experiences? Is the value of pleasant experiences natural or non-natural?
The Basics of Display Calculi
Authors: Lyon Tim , Ittner Christian , Eckhardt Timo , Gratzl Norbert 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to introduce and explain display calculi for a variety of logics. We provide a survey of key results concerning such calculi, though we focus mainly on the global cut elimination theorem. Propositional, first-order, and modal display calculi are considered and their properties detailed.
Hintikka's Socratic Epistemology Meets Gettier's Counterexamples
Authors: Boongaling John Ian K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The overall goal of this paper is to apply Hintikka's Socratic Epistemology to Gettier's counterexamples to the tripartite definition of knowledge as justified true belief. In the process, I will make full use of Socratic Epistemology's methodology and commitments. This includes, among other things, looking at Gettier's counterexamples as games between an Inquirer and Nature (the source of information), as well as treating the items in them as pieces of information. The strategy that I employ in this paper also makes use of frames (or partitions). One of the important results of this paper is a scenario where Gettier cannot setup the dilemma for the tripartite definition of knowledge.
Is Uptake Essential to Perlocution? A Defence of Illocutionary Silencing
Authors: Sharma Ritu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Hornsby and Langton (H&L), put forward the idea of silencing as an "illocutionary disablement". Appealing to Austin's speech act theory, they situate silencing as opposite to speech act and argue that when there is silencing, people's illocutionary act fails and their right to free speech is violated. This paper presents a defence of H&L's account of silencing, against objections raised by Ishani Maitra (2009). Maitra questions the model of illocutionary silencing by arguing that Austin's illocutionary model is inaccurate and vague hence, not useful for the discussions of silencing. In response, I argue that Maitra's understanding of the perlocutionary act is misguided and requires a critical examination. Maitra discusses the notion of the perlocutionary act as the goals that the speaker achieves by securing the uptake. I oppose such a view by arguing that securing the uptake does not ensure the performance of a perlocutionary act
Fugu Me! Roots and Denominal Verb Productivity: New Data
Authors: Mangialavori Rasia M. Eugenia , Múgica Nora 
Published: September 2022

Abstract-earhas become a highly productive option in denominal verb formation in Spanish. The unparalleled productivity and range of verb classes obtained invites us to revisit fundamental questions on verb formation and interpretation: e.g., which domain (lexical/syntactic/semantic) primarily drives and constrains denominal verb use and interpretation, which verb types are possible, whether or not acanonical use constraintcan correctly predict and capture the role of the root in verb meaning, as assumed in mainstream accounts. Based on analytical and (preliminary) experimental data, we consider syntactic and semantic (aspectual) behavior of denominal verbs, including both traditional and novel verbs with -ear. We observe that: (i) productive types include verb classes untapped in the existent literature; (ii) the range of verb classes obtained coincides with a significant range of possible interpretations and uses, suggesting that a ‘same’ verb (lexical and morphotactic composition) can be associated with distinct structural configurations; (iii) the interpretation is highly sensitive to the grammatical context. We argue that (i) verb meaning and behavior are not deterministically driven by one (e.g., lexical/conceptual) domain but rather in interaction; (ii) syntax plays a nontrivial role in verb meaning/interpretation; (iii) non-univocity arises as a distinctive property ofearverbs.
Der Rahmen von Ps 45 (V. 1–2; 17–18)
Authors: Mathys Hans-Peter 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
While the core of Ps 45 (vv. 3–16) clearly bears the stamp of a Phoenician royal court, the beginning and end highlight features that elucidate the psalm’s main body. V. 1 f. present an author who has assumed an Aramaic title (סוֹפֵר מׇהִיר): he reflects on his works, puts his poetry indirectly on a par with a Greek poem by adopting the Greek concept of ποίημα (= מַעֲשֶׂה), and through the superscription »a love song« secondarily reads this idea into the psalm, even though love is nowhere mentioned. V. 17 f. link up organically with the psalm’s main body, but no longer deal with the king alone; the focus is now on his dynasty, whose impact is international, unbounded by time or place.
Forgiveness and the New Covenant of Jeremiah 31
Authors: Goswell Gregory 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
There is scholarly disagreement over the connection of the anticipated benefits of the new covenant of Jer 31 with the promise in 31:34 (»for I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more«). The forgiveness promised is best viewed as the precondition for the covenant to come into force, not as a benefit under that covenant. This is in accord with the logic of the new covenant itself, wherein obedience is assured and so forgiveness is not needed under this covenant. The promise of forgiveness explains how the new covenant is possible after the failure of God’s people.
Repercussões da Insuficiência Renal Crônica no Contexto Biopsicossocial de Pessoa em Tratamento Hemodialítico.
Authors: Ferreira Ricardo Bruno Santos , Azevedo Larissa Rodrigues , Oliveira Daniela Souza , Guimarães Claudia Franco 
Published: September 2022

Introdução: a insuficiência renal crônica é considerada um importante problema de saúde pública, uma vez que tanto a doença quanto o tratamento provocam impactos profundos em todo o contexto de vida da pessoa acometida.
Objetivo: compreender as repercussões da insuficiência renal crônica no contexto biopsicossocial de pacientes em tratamento hemodialítico.
Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo descritivo, qualitativo, desenvolvido em um hospital referência regional para o tratamento de hemodiálise no Estado da Bahia, Brasil. Participaram do estudo 20 pessoas com insuficiência renal crônica, com idade superior a 18 anos, em tratamento hemodialítico. A coleta dos dados foi realizada durante o mês de dezembro de 2019 através de uma entrevista semiestruturada. Posteriormente, os dados foram sistematizados através da Análise de Conteúdo.
Resultados: evidenciou-se que a insuficiência renal traz repercussões multidimensionais para os pacientes, devido às dificuldades de inserção no mundo do trabalho, dificuldades relacionadas às restrições alimentares e hídricas, limitações relacionadas ao lazer e a prática de atividade física e impactos no exercício da sexualidade. Entretanto, apesar das limitações provocadas pela doença, os pacientes mostraram-se resilientes ao destacarem a importância do tratamento para garantia de sua qualidade de vida.
Conclusão: o estudo aponta para necessidade de construção de políticas específicas voltadas para redução dos impactos provocados pela Insuficiência Renal Crônica, uma vez que se trata de uma doença crônica e irreversível, com necessidade de tratamento permanente. Além disso, os achados ratificam a necessidade de avaliação individualizada e oferta de uma assistência holística e humanizada por parte dos profissionais de saúde como forma de minimizar os impactos do adoecimento.
Associação entre anos escolares e medidas antropométricas e pressóricas: o trabalho da enfermagem
Authors: Leão Kelly Cristina De Souza , Sousa Thais Vilela de , Pereira Mayara Cândida , Silva Rodrigo Marques da , Santos Janderson Castro dos , Moraes Filho Iel Marciano de 
Published: September 2022

Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a associação entre os anos escolares e parâmetros antropométricos e pressóricos.
Metodologia: Estudo transversal e analítico, realizado em março de 2017, em escola pública brasileira com 97 alunos, por meio da coleta de dados com formulários de caracterização sociodemográfica, além da avaliação antropométrica e pressórica. Foram incluídos na pesquisa estudantes regularmente matriculados (6° ao 9° ano), de ambos os sexos. Analisaram-se os dados mediante medidas descritivas, teste exato de Fisher e ANOVA.
Resultados: Verificou-se o predomínio de alunos do sexo feminino (54,6%), matriculados no 8° ano (31,5%) e com idade média de 12,91 anos ± 1,35 anos. Ademais, foi detectado que 45,8% dos estudantes foram enquadrados fora do padrão da normalidade para o peso. Essa variável também se associou (p=0,03) ao ano em curso dos estudantes e a altura apresentou diferença significativa ao longo dos anos. Na comparação de médias, não houve diferença entre peso, índice de massa corporal e pressão arterial sistêmica.
Conclusão: A disparidade nutricional de crianças e adolescentes desnutridas ou com excesso de peso pode ocasionar riscos à saúde com consequências na fase adulta. Parte desse fenômeno se deve à transição nutricional. Há uma demanda por estratégias mais efetivas na redução da vulnerabilidade nutricional em conjunto dos atuais programas públicos de saúde na escola. A enfermagem assume papel importante nas ações estratégicas de promoção e prevenção à saúde em ambiente escolar, para o desenvolvimento e crescimento saudável de crianças e adolescentes.