bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel statistics predict the COVID‐19 pandemic could terminate in 2022
Authors: Chen Ji‐Ming 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMany people want to know when the COVID‐19 pandemic will end and life will return to normal. This question is highly elusive and distinct predictions have been proposed. In this study, the global mortality and case fatality rate of COVID‐19 were analyzed using nonlinear regression. The analysis showed that the COVID‐19 pandemic could terminate in 2022, but COVID‐19 could be one or two times more deadly than seasonal influenza by 2023. The prediction considered the possibility of the emergence of new variants of SARS‐CoV‐2 and was supported by the features of the Omicron variant and other facts. As the herd immunity against COVID‐19 established through natural infections and mass vaccination is distinct among countries, COVID‐19 could be more or less deadly in some countries in the coming years than the prediction. Although the future of COVID‐19 will have multiple possibilities, this statistics‐based prediction could aid to make proper decisions and establish an example on the prediction of infectious diseases.
Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of HER2 status in surgically resected colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Han Jiahao , Wang Xiangyu , Zhang Chong , Wu Qian , Ma Xiaochen , Li Yitong , Chen Zhenmei , Zhang Rui , Zhang Guo , Lin Jing , Lu Lu , Zhu Wenwei , Jia Huliang , Zhang Jubo , Fan Jie , Chen Jinhong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe clinicopathological and prognostic significance of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status in surgically resected colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) remains uncertain.MethodsHER2 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical (IHC) in two CRLM tissue microarrays (TMAs). For samples with an IHC score of 2+ or 3+, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed to assess HER2 amplification. The association of HER2 amplification with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis was assessed using Fisher's exact test and Kaplan–Meier method, respectively.ResultsHER2 expression was consistent between primary tumor and liver metastases in 66.9% (85/127) cases (r = 0.643, p = 0.001). After FISH validation, HER2 amplification was identified in 6.25% (13/208) patients. HER2 amplification was significantly associated with age (p = 0.017), bilobar involvement (p = 0.005) and left‐sided RAS/RAF wild‐type status (p = 0.002). In the overall cohort, HER2 amplification was correlated with significantly worse relapse‐free survival (RFS). Further stratification revealed that among left‐sided RAS/RAF wild‐type cases, HER2 amplification was significantly associated with worse overall survival (OS) (30.2 vs. 50.9 months, p = 0.040) and RFS (5.77 vs. 19.97 months, p = 0.017).ConclusionHER2 amplification is more enriched in CRLMs with younger age, left‐sided RAS/RAF wild‐type, and bilobar involvement. Moreover, HER2 amplification predicts a poorer prognosis especially in left‐sided RAS/RAF wild‐type CRLMs.
The impact of neurotoxicant exposures on posttraumatic stress disorder trajectories: The Ft. Devens Gulf War Veterans Cohort
Authors: Zundel Clara G. , Price Kathryn , Grasso Claudia M. , Spiro Avron , Heeren Timothy , Sullivan Kimberly , Krengel Maxine H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGulf War veterans (GWVs) were exposed to neurotoxicants, including sarin nerve gas, anti–nerve agent pills, pesticides, oil well fires, and fumes from unvented tent heaters, all of which have been associated with subsequent adverse health. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms have also been associated with GW deployment; however, associations between exposures and PTSD symptoms have not been investigated. We assessed PTSD symptom trajectories and associations with neurotoxicant exposures in Ft. Devens Cohort (FDC) veterans (N = 259) who endorsed trauma exposure during deployment and completed the PTSD Checklist at three follow‐ups (1992–1993, 1997–1998, 2013–2017). Results indicate that among veterans with more severe initial PTSD symptoms, symptoms remained significantly higher across follow‐ups, Bs = −1.489–1.028, whereas among those with low initial PTSD symptoms, symptom severity increased significantly over time, Bs = 1.043–10.304. Additionally, neurotoxicant exposure was associated with a significant increase in PTSD symptoms, Bs = −1.870–9.003. Significant interactions between time and exposures were observed for PTSD symptom clusters, suggesting that among participants with high initial PTSD symptom, unexposed veterans experienced symptom alleviation, whereas exposed veterans’ PTSD symptoms remained high. In GWVs with low initial PTSD symptoms, both unexposed and exposed veterans experienced PTSD symptom exacerbations over time; however, this occurred at a faster rate among exposed veterans. These findings suggest that in the years following deployment, GWVs who were exposed to both traumatic events and neurotoxicants may experience more severe and chronic PTSD symptoms than those without neurotoxicant exposures.
Pore‐water exchange flushes blue carbon from intertidal saltmarsh sediments into the sea
Authors: Chen Xiaogang , Santos Isaac R. , Hu Duofei , Zhan Lucheng , Zhang Yan , Zhao Ze , Hu Shengjie , Li Ling 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe quantified whether pore‐water exchange flushes out saltmarsh sediment carbon, driving carbon outwelling into the ocean and outgassing into the atmosphere. Radon‐derived pore‐water exchange released 1.8 times more sediment carbon in the wet than in dry season. Both crab burrow flushing and delayed seepage of surface water infiltrating sediments during the spring tide released sediment carbon to surface waters. The outwelling flux of dissolved inorganic carbon exceeded dissolved organic carbon. Carbon dioxide and methane emissions were 169 and 0.25 mmol m−2 d−1, respectively. Pore‐water carbon fluxes exceeded carbon outwelling. This requires some carbon processing within the saltmarsh (e.g., degradation or outgassing to the atmosphere) before pore‐water carbon is exported to the ocean. Overall, pore‐water exchange and outwelling are key components of saltmarsh carbon budgets and should be considered when assessing their carbon sequestration potential and strategies to mitigate climate change.
Properties of Hastelloy joint welded via laser wire‐filling
Authors: Zhang Wulin , Wang Xuanguo , Si Jiaqiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this study, UNS N10003 Hastelloy is welded using laser wire‐filling welding. The welded joint exhibits favorable tensile strength at room and high temperatures. A molten salt corrosion experiment is performed, and it is discovered that the corrosion depth increases gradually as corrosion progresses, although the growth rate decreases. When the corrosion time reaches 96 h, the corrosion depths of the weld bead and base metal are 23.39 and 24.71 μm, respectively, indicating their similar corrosion resistance. The main corrosion mechanism of N10003 Hastelloy in molten salt is the diffusion of Cr and Mo. Ni3Fe and pure Ni phases appear near the outer surface area after corrosion, which can reduce the corrosion rate.
CP‐generic expansions of models of Peano Arithmetic
Authors: Abdul‐Quader Athar , Schmerl James H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe study notions of genericity in models of , inspired by lines of inquiry initiated by Chatzidakis and Pillay and continued by Dolich, Miller and Steinhorn in general model‐theoretic contexts. These papers studied the theories obtained by adding a “random” predicate to a class of structures. Chatzidakis and Pillay axiomatized the theories obtained in this way. In this article, we look at the subsets of models of which satisfy the axiomatization given by Chatzidakis and Pillay; we refer to these subsets in models of as CP‐generics. We study a more natural property, called strong CP‐genericity, which implies CP‐genericity. We use an arithmetic version of Cohen forcing to construct (strong) CP‐generics with various properties, including ones in which every element of the model is definable in the expansion, and, on the other extreme, ones in which the definable closure relation is unchanged.
Effect of External Magnetic Field on Bulk Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Wu Dezhen , Shen Lenning , Zhang Dong , Zhu Tao , Zheng Jie , Gong Xiong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPolymer solar cells (PSCs) with a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) device structure have incredible advantages, such as low‐cost fabrication and flexibility. However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of BHJ PSCs needs to be further improved to realize their practical applications. In this study, boosted PCEs from PSCs based on BHJ composites incorporated with Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), aligned by an external magnetic field (EMF), are reported. It is found that the coercive electric field within the Fe3O4 MNPs generated by the EMF has a strong and positive influence on the charge generation, which results in a more than 10% increase in free charge carriers. Moreover, the coercive electric field speeds up the charge carrier transport and suppresses charge carrier recombination within PSCs. In addition, a shortened extraction time makes charge carriers more likely to make it to the electrodes. As a result, more than 15% enhancement in PCE is observed from the PSCs based on the BHJ composite incorporated with the Fe3O4 MNPs and the EMF as compared with that based on the BHJ composite thin film. This work indicates that the incorporation of MNPs and the EMF is a facile way to enhance the PCEs of PSCs.
A multidisciplinary approach and consensus statement to establish standards of care for Angelman syndrome
Authors: Duis Jessica , Nespeca Mark , Summers Jane , Bird Lynne , Bindels‐de Heus Karen G.C.B. , Valstar M. J. , de Wit Marie‐Claire Y. , Navis C. , ten Hooven‐Radstaake Maartje , van Iperen‐Kolk Bianca M. , Ernst Susan , Dendrinos Melina , Katz Terry , Diaz‐Medina Gloria , Katyayan Akshat , Nangia Srishti , Thibert Ronald , Glaze Daniel , Keary Christopher , Pelc Karine , Simon Nicole , Sadhwani Anjali , Heussler Helen , Wheeler Anne , Woeber Caroline , DeRamus Margaret , Thomas Amy , Kertcher Emily , DeValk Lauren , Kalemeris Kristen , Arps Kara , Baym Carol , Harris Nicole , Gorham John P. , Bohnsack Brenda L. , Chambers Reid C. , Harris Sarah , Chambers Henry G. , Okoniewski Katherine , Jalazo Elizabeth R. , Berent Allyson , Bacino Carlos A. , Williams Charles , Anderson Anne 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAngelman syndrome (AS) is a rare neurogenetic disorder present in approximately 1/12,000 individuals and characterized by developmental delay, cognitive impairment, motor dysfunction, seizures, gastrointestinal concerns, and abnormal electroencephalographic background. AS is caused by absent expression of the paternally imprinted gene UBE3A in the central nervous system. Disparities in the management of AS are a major problem in preparing for precision therapies and occur even in patients with access to experts and recognized clinics. AS patients receive care based on collective provider experience due to limited evidence‐based literature. We present a consensus statement and comprehensive literature review that proposes a standard of care practices for the management of AS at a critical time when therapeutics to alter the natural history of the disease are on the horizon.MethodsWe compiled the key recognized clinical features of AS based on consensus from a team of specialists managing patients with AS. Working groups were established to address each focus area with committees comprised of providers who manage >5 individuals. Committees developed management guidelines for their area of expertise. These were compiled into a final document to provide a framework for standardizing management. Evidence from the medical literature was also comprehensively reviewed.ResultsAreas covered by working groups in the consensus document include genetics, developmental medicine, psychology, general health concerns, neurology (including movement disorders), sleep, psychiatry, orthopedics, ophthalmology, communication, early intervention and therapies, and caregiver health. Working groups created frameworks, including flowcharts and tables, to help with quick access for providers. Data from the literature were incorporated to ensure providers had review of experiential versus evidence‐based care guidelines.ConclusionStandards of care in the management of AS are keys to ensure optimal care at a critical time when new disease‐modifying therapies are emerging. This document is a framework for providers of all familiarity levels.
Novel homozygous nonsynonymous variant of CNNM4 gene in a Chinese family with Jalili syndrome
Authors: Li Huajin , Huang Yanfeng , Li Jing , Xie Maosong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundJalili syndrome (JS) is a rare autosomal‐recessive inherited disorder characterized by cone‐rod dystrophy and amelogenesis imperfecta. It is often misdiagnosed in clinical practice due to its heterogeneity and rarity.MethodsTwo JS patients from a consanguineous family were included in this study. Detailed ophthalmic examinations were performed. Oral photography was taken. The DNA sample of the proband was sequenced using the customized capture panel, which includes 338 retinal disease genes. Sanger sequencing was performed for validation and segregation.ResultsThe patients had poor vision, photophobia, and nystagmus from childhood. Fundus examination revealed diffused chorioretinal atrophy with a prominent macular coloboma. OCT showed a deep staphyloma, severely reduced retinal thickness, retinoschisis, loss of photoreceptor layer, and retinal pigment epithelium in the macular region. Amelogenesis imperfecta, dental decay, staining, irregular shapes, and loss of teeth were present. Next‐generation sequencing combined with Sanger validation identified a novel homozygous nonsynonymous variant c.598T>C (p.S200P) in CNNM4 gene (NM_020184.3).ConclusionsWe described the clinical features of a Chinese family with JS and identified a novel disease‐causing mutation. Our findings broadened the phenotypes and mutation spectrums of JS in Chinese population, as well as are helpful in the diagnosis of this rare disease.
Autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing impairment in two Finnish families due to the population enriched CABP2 c.637+1G>T variant
Authors: Bharadwaj Thashi , Schrauwen Isabelle , Acharya Anushree , Nouel‐Saied Liz M. , Väisänen Marja‐Leena , Kraatari Minna , Rahikkala Elisa , Jarvela Irma , Kotimäki Jouko , Leal Suzanne M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe genetic architecture of hearing impairment in Finland is largely unknown. Here, we investigated two Finnish families with autosomal recessive nonsyndromic symmetrical moderate‐to‐severe hearing impairment.MethodsExome and custom capture next‐generation sequencing were used to detect the underlying cause of hearing impairment.ResultsIn both Finnish families, we identified a homozygous pathogenic splice site variant c.637+1G>T in CAPB2 that is known to cause autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing impairment. Four CABP2 variants have been reported to underlie autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing impairment in eight families from Iran, Turkey, Pakistan, Italy, and Denmark. Of these variants, the pathogenic splice site variant c.637+1G>T is the most prevalent. The c.637+1G>T variant is enriched in the Finnish population, which has undergone multiple bottlenecks that can lead to the higher frequency of certain variants including those involved in disease.ConclusionWe report two Finnish families with hearing impairment due to the CABP2 splice site variant c.637+1G>T.
Mdr3 gene mutation in preterm infants with parenteral nutrition‐associated cholestasis
Authors: Yang Xiufang , Liu Guosheng , Yi Bing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo investigate the relationship of multidrug resistance 3 (Mdr3) gene mutation and parenteral nutrition‐associated cholestasis (PNAC) in preterm infants. Preterm infants who had received total parenteral nutrition for at least 14 days were enrolled: 76 preterm infants in the PNAC group and 80 preterm infants in the non‐PNAC group. Genomic DNA was extracted from white blood cells. Twenty‐eight exons of the Mdr3 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction. PNAC infants of 1 month corrected age with the Mdr3 gene mutation and abnormal liver biochemistry were selected for the experimental liver biopsy group. Five normal adult living liver transplantation donors were enrolled in a normal donor group. The Mdr3 missense mutations c.1031G>A, c.3347G>A, and c.485T>A, and the Mdr3 frameshift mutation c.2793_2794insA were found in the PNAC group. The allele frequency and genotype frequency of c.1031G>A, c.3347G>A, and c.485T>A in the Mdr3 gene in the PNAC group were significantly higher than those in non‐PNAC group (p < 0.05). The rate of Mdr3 gene mutations c.1031G>A, c.485T>A, c.3347G>A, and c.2793_2794insA in the PNAC group was higher than in the non‐PNAC group (21.05% vs. 1.25%, respectively, χ2 = 15.747, p < 0.05). Mdr3 gene mutations c.2793_2794insA, c.1031G>A, c.3347G>A, and c.485T>A may be the genetic cause of PNAC.
Mechanical, thermogravimetric, and dynamic mechanical analysis of basalt and flax fibers intertwined vinyl ester polymer composites
Authors: Selvaraj Gokulraj , Kaliyamoorthy Rajkumar , Kirubakaran Ramraji 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe selection of fibers and their stacking sequence, which affect structural integrity and functional properties, are critical parts of polymer composite design. In this work, the influence of various stacking sequences made of basalt and flax fiber layers on the mechanical, thermal, and dynamic mechanical analyses of vinyl ester polymer composites was investigated. The stacking sequence designed by alternate basalt and flax layers showed higher tensile and flexural strengths, with basalt layers in the outer positions. The high‐strength basalt fiber retains considerable stress, particularly in the outer layer, reducing stress transfer to the remaining core layers. The basalt and flax fiber alternative layered sequence with outer basalt layers shows a slightly lower thermal degradation temperature (467°C) than the only basalt layered sequence composite (474°C). Because of the high thermal resistance of the outer basalt layers, heat flow to the next fiber layers is reduced. The dynamic mechanical analysis reveals that the polymer composite intertwined with only basalt fiber was found to have a higher storage modulus. On the other hand, the outer basalt layers intertwined with the core flax layers composite showed a 122% higher damping value than the stacking sequence made of only basalt fiber due to the porous structure of flax fibers dissipating more vibration energy.
Mothers' and teachers' experience of school re‐entry after a child's prolonged absence due to severe illness
Authors: Hen Meirav 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSchool re‐entry of children who have been absent from school due to severe illness is a complex process and requires effort and adjustment from the child and his parents, teachers, school systems, and classmates. To contribute to the understanding and accuracy of the school re‐entry process of ill children, and to the development of re‐entry programs in Israel, the present study examined the re‐entry experience from the viewpoint of mothers and teachers. The study included 27 semi‐structured interviews with mothers and teachers of children who re‐entered school after a prolonged absence due to childhood cancer. The study findings suggest that changes in the child's self‐perception, physical limitations brought on by the illness, as well as social difficulties, and altered academic abilities make it very difficult to re‐enter school. School re‐entry is more optimal when the sick child's relationship with the teacher and classmates is maintained during the absence, and when it is tailored and continuous learning support from the school. These findings emphasize the importance of maintaining an ongoing relationship during the ill child's absence from school and setting a clear re‐entry plan by the school in accordance with the child and his parents.
Advancing mental health screening in schools: Innovative, field‐tested practices and observed trends during a 15‐month learning collaborative
Authors: Connors Elizabeth H. , Moffa Kathryn , Carter Taneisha , Crocker John , Bohnenkamp Jill H. , Lever Nancy A. , Hoover Sharon A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSchools are well positioned to facilitate early identification and intervention for youth with emerging mental health needs through universal mental health screening. Early identification of mental health concerns via screening can improve long‐term student development and success, but schools face logistical challenges and lack of pragmatic guidance to develop local screening policies and practices. This study summarizes mental health screening practices tested by six school districts participating in a 15‐month learning collaborative. Qualitative analysis of 42 Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act cycles revealed that districts tested quality improvement changes across seven screening practice areas, with all teams conducting at least one test to (1) build a foundation and (2) identify resources, logistics, and administration processes. Quantitative data indicated that the average percentage of total students screened increased from 0% to 22% (range = 270–4850 students screened at follow‐up). Together, these results demonstrate how school districts not currently engaged in mental health screening can apply small, specific tests of change to develop a locally‐tailored, practical, and scalable process to screen for student mental health concerns. Lessons learned are provided to inform future directions for school‐based teams.
The reliability of four standardized concern for falling scales among adults with a major lower extremity amputation
Authors: Nugent Kristin , Payne Michael W. , Viana Ricardo , Hunter Susan W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionMore than 52.4% of people with a lower extremity amputation (PLEA) will fall at least once each year. Previously established standardized scales that evaluate a concern for falling (CFF) were developed primarily among community‐dwelling older adults. The reliability of commonly used scales to evaluate a CFF among PLEA is needed.ObjectiveTo evaluate test‐retest relative and absolute reliability, and agreement of the Modified Survey of Activities and Fear of Falling in the Elderly (mSAFFE), Falls Efficacy Scale ‐ International (FES‐I), Consequences of Falling (COF) Scale, Perceived Control Over Falling (PCOF) Scale, and Perceived Ability to Manage Falls (PAMF) Scale among PLEA.DesignWeb‐based cross‐sectional repeated‐measures study.SettingRehabilitation hospital.ParticipantsAdults with a transtibial or transfemoral level amputation, who had completed a prosthetic rehabilitation program, and at minimum of 1 year using a prosthesis for ambulation were recruited after regularly scheduled appointments (N = 22, mean age ± SD, 63.5 ± 12.9 years).InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome Measure(s)Initial and re‐test scores on the mSAFFE, FES‐I, COF, PCOF, and PAMF.ResultsIntraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) demonstrated excellent relative reliability of the mSAFFE (ICC = 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.82‐0.97), good relative reliability of the FES‐I (ICC = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.70‐0.94), and fair relative reliability of the COF (ICC = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.53‐0.90) and PAMF (ICC = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.46‐0.88) scales. The ICC value of the PCOF scale could not be validly calculated and was not further analyzed. Calculated standard error of measurement values for the mSAFFE, FES‐I, COF, and PAMF scales were small in magnitude, and Bland‐Altman graphs demonstrated good agreement of initial and re‐test scores for all scales.ConclusionThis study provides initial evidence on the suitability and reliable use of the mSAFFE, FES‐I, COF, and PAMF scales within this population. Further evaluation of the validity of these scales is needed.