bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total versus partial posterior fundoplication in the surgical repair of para-oesophageal hernias: randomized clinical trial
Authors: Analatos Apostolos , Lindblad Mats , Ansorge Christoph , Lundell Lars , Thorell Anders , Håkanson Bengt S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Fundoplication is an essential step in para-oesophageal hernia (POH) repair, but which type minimizes postoperative mechanical complications is controversial.

Methods
This was a randomized, double-blind clinical trial conducted between May 2009 and October 2018. Patients with symptomatic POH were allocated to either a total (Nissen) or a posterior partial (Toupet) fundoplication after hernia reduction and crural repair. The primary outcome was dysphagia (Ogilvie dysphagia scores) at 6 months postoperatively. Secondary outcomes were peri- and postoperative complications, swallowing difficulties assessed by the Dakkak dysphagia score, gastro-oesophageal reflux, quality of life (QoL), and radiologically confirmed hernia recurrence.

Results
A total of 70 patients were randomized to a Nissen (n = 32) or a Toupet (n = 38) fundoplication. Compared with baseline, Ogilvie dysphagia scores were stable at the 3- and 6-month follow-up in the Nissen group (P = 0.075 and 0.084 respectively) but significantly improved in the Toupet group (from baseline mean (s.d.): 1.4 (1.1) to 0.5 ( 0.8) at 3 months, and 0.5 (0.6) at 6 months; P = 0.003 and P = 0.001 respectively). At 6 months, Dakkak dysphagia scores were significantly higher in the Nissen group than in the Toupet group (mean (s.d.): 10.4 (7.9) versus 5.1 (7.2); P = 0.003). QoL scores improved throughout the follow-up. However, at 3 and 6 months postoperatively, the absolute median improvement (⍙) from preoperative values in the mental component scores of the Short Form-36 QoL questionnaire was significantly higher in the Toupet group (median (i.q.r.): 7.1 (−0.6 to 15.2) versus 1.0 (−5.4 to 3.3) at 3 months, and 11.2 (1.4 to 18.3) versus 0.4 (−9.4 to 7.5) at 6 months; (P = 0.010 and 0.003 respectively)). At 6 months, radiologically confirmed POH recurrence occurred in 11 of 24 patients (46 per cent) of the Nissen group and in 15 of 32 patients (47 per cent) of the Toupet group (P = 1.001).

Conclusions
A partial posterior wrap (Toupet fundoplication) showed reduced obstructive complications and improved QoL compared with a total (Nissen) fundoplication following POH repair.
Registration number: NCT04436159 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)
Techno-economic analysis to develop the first wind farm in the Egyptian western desert at Elkharga Oasis
Authors: Abdelrahman Mohamed A , Abdel-Hamid Radwan H , Abo Adma Maged Ahmed , Daowd Mohamed 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
During the past few years, Egypt has increased the share of electricity generation from renewable energy sources to achieve the renewable-energy strategy. The Egyptian Ministry of Electricity and Renewable Energy has set an ambitious target to increase the share of renewable energy among the total energy mix to be 20% by 2022 and 42% by 2035. This target will be achieved using several approved policies such as feed-in tariffs, build–own–operate and independent power producers under a merchant scheme. This paper presents a full analysis of wind-potential characteristics at Elkharga Oasis in Egypt based on an actual wind-measurement campaign taken by a met mast at two height levels of 10 and 25 m, respectively. The measurements show an average annual wind speed of 5.72 m/s at 10-m height and 6.53 m/s at &gt;25-m height. The estimated wind speed, however, is 8.38 m/s at 120 m, which is technically convenient to generate electricity from wind energy. In this paper, the wind potential in the area is assessed using the statistical method of the Weibull probability density function. The different methods to estimate the Weibull distribution parameters are presented and the relevant accuracy is verified based on the root mean square error. A techno-economic assessment and selection of the optimal wind-turbine size with ideal micro-sitings are performed using the software package windPRO. Different cases of study for three typical wind-turbine models with various rotor diameters, power capacity, layout configuration and annual yield are assessed at the site. The selection of the most convenient wind turbine is determined based on the IEC 61400 standard criteria and the turbine that produces the lowest levelized cost of electricity.
Liver cirrhosis: Still an elusive risk factor in the current EuroSCORE system
Authors: Ostovar Roya , Schroeter Filip , Erb Michael , Hartrumpf Martin , Chopsonidou Sofia , Albes Johannes Maximilian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Liver cirrhosis increases the risk of death in patients having cardiac surgery, and the risk is markedly dependent on the actual stage. The EuroSCORE II, however, does not specifically address the risk of death of patients with liver cirrhosis. We investigated the predictive power of EuroSCORE II in patients with liver cirrhosis.

METHODS
Between 2000 and 2020, a total of 218 patients with liver cirrhosis underwent cardiac surgery. To improve the predictive value of the EuroSCORE II, we calculated additional β-coefficients to include liver cirrhosis in the EuroSCORE IIb. The control group included 5,764 patients without liver cirrhosis from the same period.

RESULTS
Of the 5,764 patients without cirrhosis, 8.9% died early. Of those with cirrhosis, 8.9% of 146 patients with Child A stage, 52.9% of 51 patients with Child B stage and 100% of 21 patients with Child C stage died. Moreover, the EuroSCORE II showed a poor predictive value for patients in Child B and C stages. The resulting values of calculated β using the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic and bootstrapping for Child stages as predictors of mortality were as follows: βA = 0.1640205, βB= 2.9911625 and βC= 6.2501248. By calculating the updated EuroSCORE IIb and regenerating the receiver operating characteristic curves, we were able to demonstrate an improvement in area under the curve values. Postoperative complications, need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or intra-aortic balloon pump implants, intensive care unit stays and hospital stays were significantly higher in cirrhotic patients with cirrhosis compared with patients without cirrhosis. The most common cause of liver cirrhosis was alcohol abuse (55.5%).

CONCLUSIONS
Although patients with liver cirrhosis represent only a small proportion of cardiac surgical cases, the poor outcomes are particularly relevant in patients with advanced stages of the disease. Our study results show that Child class A patients show outcomes similar to those of patients without liver disease whereas Child class C patients appear to be nearly inoperable, i.e. can only be operated on with exceptional risks. Including these patients in the EuroSCORE II calculation would thus represent an improvement in preoperative mortality risk assessment.
Two types of C-terminal regions of RNA-binding proteins play distinct roles in stress tolerance of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
Authors: Zhang Yueming , Wu Dongqing , Wang Yali , Xu Xudong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In the phylogenetic tree of RRM-type Rbps (RNA-binding proteins) in cyanobacteria, Rbp1 of Synechocystis 6803, with a single RRM (RNA recognition motif) region and a C-terminal glycine-rich region, and Rbp2, without the C-terminal region, both belong to the cluster I, whereas Rbp3 with a different type of C-terminal region is in the cluster II. Rbp1 is required for the cold adaptability of the cyanobacterium, and Rbp3 is for salt tolerance. Here, we report that the C-terminal region of Rbp1 is not required for the cold adaptability function but the C-terminal region of Rbp3 can direct the RRM of Rbp1 to the salt tolerance function. Bioinformatic and experimental analyses indicate that Rbps in cyanobacteria should be classified as two types. It is the first report for the distinct roles of C-terminal regions of Rbps in stress tolerance of cyanobacteria.
A decade of controversy: sources on the demarcation of Calcutta, 1784–94
Authors: Ehrlich Joshua 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Historians have tended to assume that the boundaries of Calcutta were generally agreed upon before 1794, and that their formalization in that year marked a natural stage in the evolution of the town. The documents published here tell a different story. They show that the southeastern boundary was the subject of heated disputes among British and Indian officials and landholders. They reveal how these disputes gave rise to the demarcation of Calcutta. Finally, they contribute to a larger argument that the ‘second city’ of Britain’s empire took shape from contests over the meaning, use, and ownership of space.
Little Sharks in a Big World: Mitochondrial DNA Reveals Small-scale Population Structure in the California Horn Shark (Heterodontus francisci)
Authors: Canfield Sean J , Galván-Magaña Felipe , Bowen Brian W 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe California horn shark (Heterodontus francisci) is a small demersal species distributed from southern California and the Channel Islands to Baja California and the Gulf of California. These nocturnal reef predators maintain small home-ranges as adults and lay auger-shaped egg cases that become wedged into the substrate. While population trends are not well documented, this species is subject to fishing pressure through portions of its range and has been identified as vulnerable to overexploitation. Here, we present a survey of 318 specimens from across the range, using mtDNA control region sequences to provide the first genetic assessment of H. francisci. Overall population structure (ΦST = 0.266, P &lt; 0.001) is consistent with limited dispersal as indicated by life history, with two distinct features. Population structure along the continuous coastline is low, with no discernable breaks from Santa Barbara, CA to Bahia Tortugas (Baja California Sur, Mexico); however, there is a notable partition at Punta Eugenia (BCS), a well-known biogeographic break between tropical and subtropical marine faunas. In contrast, population structure is much higher (max ΦST = 0.601, P &lt; 0.05) between the coast and adjacent Channel Islands, a minimum distance of 19 km, indicating that horn sharks rarely disperse across deep habitat and open water. Population structure in most elasmobranchs is measured on a scale of hundreds to thousands of kilometers, but the California Horn Shark has population partitions on an unprecedented small scale, indicating a need for localized management strategies which ensure adequate protection of distinct stocks.
Mechanisms facilitating the uptake of carboxyl–polythene glycol-functionalized gold nanoparticles into multicellular spheroids
Authors: Fobian Seth-Frerich , Petzer Melissa , Vetten Melissa , Steenkamp Vanessa , Gulumian Mary , Cordier Werner 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Nanomedicines represent theragnostic alternatives to traditional candidate drugs, with increased targeting and delivery potential due to their size and functional tailorability. Biological activity typically relies on nanomaterials permeating into the intracellular environment, necessitating characterization of uptake and intracellular trafficking pathways. Spheroids’ three-dimensional architecture and heterogenous cellular distribution offer an in-vivo-representative platform to assess the biological activity of nanoparticles (NPs). This study aimed to develop an A549 alveolar carcinoma spheroid model as a NP uptake assessment platform for carboxyl–polythene glycol-functionalized gold NPs affording further biological characterization opportunities in nanomedicine.

Methods
A549 spheroids were generated via the liquid overlay method, and their morphology and viability were assessed for 21 days. Cytotoxicity was assessed via lactate dehydrogenase release. NP uptake was elucidated using uptake pathway inhibition, combined with CytoViva hyperspectral imaging of sectioned spheroids to count internalized NPs.

Key findings
Cytotoxicity was absent for all exposure groups. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the primary endocytic mechanism (33.5–54.8% of uptake), which may precede lysosomal degradation. Lysosomal membrane permeabilization appears to be a potential downstream application. Low penetration into spheroids (4.5 μm) suggests the failure of NPs to traverse cellular layers in the spheroid.

Conclusions
Although poor uptake was observed, a multicellular spheroid model of A549 alveolar carcinoma cells was established, allowing for similar future uptake assessment of various NPs.
Treating Later-Life Depression
Authors: Steffen Ann M. , Dick-Siskin Leah P. , Choryan Bilbrey Ann , Thompson Larry W. , Gallagher-Thompson Dolores 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This culturally responsive workbook uses the evidence-based methods of cognitive behavioral therapy to help middle-aged and older adults build on existing strengths and reduce symptoms of depression, whether they are feeling “a little blue” or are very depressed. The culmination of more than four decades of research, this empirically supported and effective treatment program helps clients learn how to develop and use healthy habits to improve mood and quality of life. This workbook is intended to be used as an adjunct to clinician-provided CBT and is not a self-help book to be used on its own. The personalized approach used in this workbook means that, together with their clinician, individuals decide which of the modules are a good fit for their specific life circumstances. Each module includes easy to read, large-print Learn pages that therapists can use to help clients learn specific depression management skills, along with Practice forms to use between sessions to practice, remember, and use these skills. Complete with information and practical strategies for improving depression and related concerns (e.g., anxiety, sleep, chronic pain, brain health, caregiving, grief and personal relationships), this thoroughly revised second edition of Treating Later-Life Depression: A Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Approach provides indispensable resources to help culturally diverse aging individuals thrive in a daily life that is true to their values and personal strengths.
Skills for Wrapping Up
Authors: Steffen Ann M. , Dick-Siskin Leah P. , Bilbrey Ann Choryan , Thompson Larry W. , Gallagher-Thompson Dolores 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Psychotherapy termination is anticipated and discussed from the beginning of CBT, but this can be a difficult phase of treatment for some middle-aged and older adults. This personalized workbook module of Treating Later-Life Depression: A Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Approach provides flexible clinical tools for the psychotherapy termination process with aging clients. Easy-to-read, large-print Learn pages are selected by behavioral health clinicians to help clients discuss termination issues including the therapy relationship, review skills learned, plan for future stressful situations and recognize signs of relapse. Practice forms are provided for use between termination planning sessions to develop a maintenance guide that supports daily living consistent with personal values and life goals after therapy has ended. Psychotherapy relationships and termination processes are embedded within social contexts and environments. Practitioners are encouraged to apply strategies that are responsive to the needs of culturally diverse aging clients.
Treating Later-Life Depression
Authors: Steffen Ann M. , Thompson Larry W. , Gallagher-Thompson Dolores 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOne of the greatest challenges for providers treating later-life depression is the wide variability of life circumstances that accompany depressive symptoms for clients across outpatient mental health, integrated primary care, and inpatient psychiatric settings. This thoroughly revised Clinician Guide for Treating Later-Life Depression: A Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Approach outlines culturally responsive practices that target the contexts and drivers/antecedents of depression in middle-aged and older adults. Clinicians choose research-supported modules from the accompanying workbook that fit the needs of their clients (i.e., changes in brain health, chronic pain, sleep problems, anxiety, experiences of loss, family caregiving issues). This practical guide reflects continuing international scientific and clinical advances in applying cognitive-behavioral therapy to age-related problems using individual and group formats, with clinician-tested recommendations for telehealth practice. Flexible use of these clinical tools enhances the personalized application of change strategies, including behavioral activation, problem solving, relaxation training, attention to personal strengths and positive emotional experiences, self-compassion, cognitive reappraisal, and communication skills training. Case examples are provided to support the efforts of practitioners from a range of disciplines (e.g., clinical psychology, psychiatry, social work, counseling, marriage and family therapy, nursing, occupational therapy, and recreational specialists). The appendices include aging-friendly assessment tools and other resources to support professional development. Because the practical techniques presented have empirical support accumulated over decades, Treating Later-Life Depression is an indispensable resource for behavioral health providers who wish to effectively and efficiently help diverse aging clients thrive in a daily life that is true to their values and personal strengths.
Module 1: Skills for Getting Started: Planning Your Treatment
Authors: Steffen Ann M. , Thompson Larry W. , Gallagher-Thompson Dolores 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis chapter covers Module 1: Skills for Getting Started: Planning Your Treatment. Strategies that build alliance and prevent premature dropout include explaining the therapy approach, setting expectations for treatment length, linking treatment approach to presenting problems, instilling hope, and soliciting feedback. This chapter guides practitioners to help group and individual clients develop positive expectations for treatment, understand depression, identify their values and strengths, explore their intersecting multicultural identities, personalize the CBT model, develop therapy goals, shape expectations for how change happens, and recognize the value of home practice. The importance of using written materials within and between sessions to enhance learning and retention is emphasized. Practitioners are encouraged to apply recommended strategies that are responsive to the needs of culturally diverse aging clients.
Module 4: Skills for Thinking: Self-Compassion and Helpful Thoughts
Authors: Steffen Ann M. , Thompson Larry W. , Gallagher-Thompson Dolores 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHarsh self-criticism and habitual unhelpful thinking patterns can create the context for depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults. This chapter supports providers as they help aging clients develop self-compassion and cognitive reappraisal skills consistent with their personal values and strengths. The material in this module will help aging clients understand the role of unhelpful thinking habits in depression, replace self-criticism with self-compassionate thoughts and actions, and build cognitive reappraisal skills. This chapter also describes the Practice forms provided for clients’ use between psychotherapy and integrated primary care sessions to remember and use these skills. This chapter directs clinicians to apply recommended strategies that are responsive to the needs of culturally diverse aging clients, including within the context of telehealth.
Module 7: Skills for Healthy Sleep: Resting Better and Longer
Authors: Steffen Ann M. , Thompson Larry W. , Gallagher-Thompson Dolores 
Published: February 2022

AbstractClinical depression can disrupt sleep patterns, and chronic insomnia contributes to the development of depressive symptoms in later life. This chapter supports providers as they help middle-aged and older adults to regulate sleep patterns and develop healthy sleep habits. Contents of this module provide psychoeducation about sleep to shape expectations and use circadian rhythms to support healthy sleep, build sleep debt, and reduce nighttime arousal. This chapter also describes the Practice forms provided in the workbook for clients’ use between psychotherapy and integrated primary care sessions to remember and use these skills. This chapter directs clinicians to apply recommended strategies that are responsive to the needs of culturally diverse aging clients, including within the context of telehealth.
Brief Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety and Depression in Youth
Authors: Weersing V. Robin , Gonzalez Araceli , Rozenman Michelle 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Brief Behavioral Therapy (BBT) program is designed to help kids and teens with “internalizing problems”—by this we mean feeling stressed, sad, bad, nervous, worried, moody, irritable, or scared. Feelings like these are the most common mental health problems that kids, teens, and even adults experience throughout their lives. Although these issues are quite common, internalizing problems can lead to serious consequences if they are not treated. Without treatment, anxiety and depression tend to become chronic, long-lasting issues. They also make it hard for kids to do the things they need and want to do in life: do well in school, participate in and enjoy out-of-school activities, make and keep friends, and have warm and supportive family relationships. The purpose of the BBT program is to tackle this directly and to help youth and families keep doing, or start doing, the important tasks of life even when bad feelings happen. The program provides provide tools and skills for reducing stress and solving problems and a step-by-step guide for approaching difficult situations while managing negative feelings. This volume is the youth and family workbook, designed to be used in combination with the BBT Therapist Guide. Each chapter in this workbook builds on the prior chapter, and each chapter has a matching lesson in the Therapist Guide. When used together with the support of a mental health provider, the BBT program has been found to significantly reduce symptoms and improve kids’ functioning in daily life.
Session 3: Problem-Solving Plans
Authors: Weersing V. Robin , Gonzalez Araceli , Rozenman Michelle 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The goal of Chapter 3 (Session 3) is to teach Problem-Solving PLANS as a way of tackling personal problems and ultimately reducing stress. In a step-by-step approach, youth learn how to Pinpoint the problem, List out different options (brainstorm), Analyze different solution options (pros and cons), Narrow it down to one solution and make a plan, and Solve the problem by carrying out A Plan for Action and seeing how it went. This chapter includes worksheets to take youth through each step of the Problem-Solving PLANS for a personal problem as well as to make a specific plan of action to try before the next session. Chapter 3 also includes worksheets to continue mood monitoring and to develop a specific plan for between-session practice.