bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐dimensional, 2.5‐minute, 7T phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of the human heart using concentric rings
Authors: Clarke William T. , Hingerl Lukas , Strasser Bernhard , Bogner Wolfgang , Valkovič Ladislav , Rodgers Christopher T. 
Published: August 2022

A three‐dimensional (3D), density‐weighted, concentric rings trajectory (CRT) magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) sequence is implemented for cardiac phosphorus (31P)‐MRS at 7 T. The point‐by‐point k‐space sampling of traditional phase‐encoded chemical shift imaging (CSI) sequences severely restricts the minimum scan time at higher spatial resolutions. Our proposed CRT sequence implements a stack of concentric rings, with a variable number of rings and planes spaced to optimise the density of k‐space weighting. This creates flexibility in acquisition time, allowing acquisitions substantially faster than traditional phase‐encoded CSI sequences, while retaining high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). We first characterise the SNR and point‐spread function of the CRT sequence in phantoms. We then evaluate it at five different acquisition times and spatial resolutions in the hearts of five healthy participants at 7 T. These different sequence durations are compared with existing published 3D acquisition‐weighted CSI sequences with matched acquisition times and spatial resolutions. To minimise the effect of noise on the short acquisitions, low‐rank denoising of the spatiotemporal data was also performed after acquisition. The proposed sequence measures 3D localised phosphocreatine to adenosine triphosphate (PCr/ATP) ratios of the human myocardium in 2.5 min, 2.6 times faster than the minimum scan time for acquisition‐weighted phase‐encoded CSI. Alternatively, in the same scan time, a 1.7‐times smaller nominal voxel volume can be achieved. Low‐rank denoising reduced the variance of measured PCr/ATP ratios by 11% across all protocols. The faster acquisitions permitted by 7‐T CRT 31P‐MRSI could make cardiac stress protocols or creatine kinase rate measurements (which involve repeated scans) more tolerable for patients without sacrificing spatial resolution.
Update on the management of vitamins and minerals in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Sankararaman Senthilkumar , Hendrix Sara J. , Schindler Terri 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAdvancements in respiratory and nutrition management have significantly improved the survival of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). With the availability of several nutrition interventions such as oral/enteral nutrition supplements, enteric‐coated pancreatic enzymes, and water‐miscible CF‐specific vitamin supplements, frank vitamin deficiencies—with the exception of vitamin D—are rarely encountered in current clinical practice. Whereas they were previously considered as micronutrients, our current understanding of fat‐soluble vitamins and minerals as antioxidants, immunomodulators, and disease biomarkers has been evolving. The impact of highly effective modulators on the micronutrient status of patients with CF remains elusive. This narrative review focuses on the updates on the management of fat‐soluble vitamins and other micronutrients in CF in the current era and identifies the gaps in our knowledge.
Highly crystalline hexagonalPbI2sheets on polyaniline/antimony tin oxide surface as a novel and highly efficient photodetector inUV, Vis, and nearIRregions
Authors: Hadia Nomery M. A. , Shaban Mohamed , Mohamed S. H. , Al‐Ghamdi Ali F. , Alzaid Meshal , Elsayed Asmaa M. , Mourad Abdel Hamid I. , Amin Mohammed A. , Boukherroub Rabah , Abdelazeez Ahmed Adel A. , Rabia Mohamed 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe work reports on the preparation of polyaniline/lead iodide optoelectronic photodetector on antimony tin oxide (ATO) glass (PANI/PbI2/ATO) for providing a low‐cost light sensor in the UV, Vis, and near IR regions (wide optical range photodetector). The deposition of PbI2nanoparticles was carried out on the surface of PANI using the ionic adsorption deposition method. Four ATO/PANI/PbI2composites (I, II, III, and IV) were produced by varying the Pb2+concentrations (0.01, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07 M, respectively). The chemical structure, morphology, optical, and electrical properties were assessed using different analytical tools. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging revealed the formation of a nanoporous PANI network. After PbI2incorporation within the PANI network, white nanoparticles formed on the surface. The average size of the PbI2nanoparticles was 220, 270, 280, and 320 nm for Pb2+concentration of 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07 M, respectively. Moreover, x‐ray diffraction analysis confirmed PANI/PbI2composite formation, as witnessed by the appearance of new peaks at 12.77°, 34.31°, and 38.8 ° characteristic of PbI2. Through the optical analyses, the band gap values of the PANI/PbI2composites I, II, III, and IV were 2.63, 2.51, 2.46, and 2.48 eV, respectively. ATO/composite III was applied as an optoelectronic device for detection the light under different intensities or wavelengths, in which the current density (Jph) increase from 2.5 to 3.42 mA cm−2upon increasing of the light intensity from 25 to 100 mW.cm−2, respectively. Moreover, theJphrecorded an optimum value of 3.33 mA cm−2at 390 nm, which decreased to 2.09 mA cm−2at 490 nm and increased again to 3.13 mA cm−2at 636 nm. The optoelectronic photodetector exhibited an optimum incident photon to electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) of 10.7% at 390 nm. The photoresponsivity (R) and detectivity (D) were determined to be 107 mA cm−2and 3.38 × 1010Jones, respectively. Finally, a simple mechanism was proposed to account for the response of the prepared optoelectronic devices to the photon flux. Soon, our team will work on design an optoelectronic device that can be applied in the industrial field through the high technology device such as cameras and aircrafts for light detection.
pH‐sensitive folic acid/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) functionalized MnFe2O4/single‐walled carbon nanotubes for release of a natural anticancer agent: Chlorogenic acid
Authors: Ezami Flora , Miralinaghi Mahsasadat , Heydarinasab Amir , Moniri Elham 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDespite promising features of chlorogenic acid (CGA) as an antioxidant and anticancer agent, short pharmacological half‐life constrains its application in cancer treatment. This work was aimed at developing a new nanocarrier with pH‐sensitive release behavior for CGA. In this direction, a porous nanohybrid, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)/MnFe2O4/single‐walled carbon nanotube–folic acid (PVP/MnFe2O4/SWCNT–FA) was prepared by in situ coprecipitation of manganese and iron salts in the oxidized SWCNT suspension, followed by wrapping of PVP and then conjugating of FA on the magnetic SWCNTs. Afterward, the nanohybrid was loaded with CGA to form a carrier. The PVP/MnFe2O4/SWCNT–FA was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectra, X‐ray diffraction, FE‐SEM/energy dispersive X‐Ray analysis spectroscope, TGA, and BET, confirming a well‐defined porous structure consisting of numerous functional groups. The CGA loading was carried out through the adsorption process. Adsorption equilibrium was reached within 60 min at pH 5.0. The experimental adsorption data showed an excellent nonlinear correlation coefficient with the simplified Elovich kinetic model and two‐step isotherm model. The CGA release was studied in simulated normal physiological fluid (pH 7.4) and simulated acidic tumor fluid (pH 5.6) over 6 h. The release rate from CGA loaded PVP/MnFe2O4/SWCNT–FA achieved 79.5% at pH 5.6, which was much higher than at pH 7.4 (37.2%), reflecting the acidic medium could markedly improve drug release. In addition, the Peppas–Sahlin model was more appropriate than the Higuchi and Korsmeyer–Peppas models to describe CGA release kinetics from the nanocarrier. In vitro cell viability studies indicated that PVP/MnFe2O4–SWCNT–FA had better biocompatibility in comparison with SWCNTs. Our findings indicate that the designed magnetic nanocarrier has acceptable performance to be used as a pH‐sensitive drug system with low toxicity for targeted drug delivery applications.
A systematic review of whether COVID‐19 randomized controlled trials reported on demographic and clinical characteristics
Authors: Pak Joyce , Lund Jennifer L. , Keil Alexander , Westreich Daniel , Stürmer Til , Wohl David , Farel Claire , Drummond M. Bradley , Webster‐Clark Michael 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeWe aim to assess the reporting of key patient‐level demographic and clinical characteristics among COVID‐19 related randomized controlled trials (RCTs).MethodsWe queried English‐language articles from PubMed, Web of Science, clinicaltrials.gov, and the CDC library of gray literature databases using keywords of “coronavirus,” “covid,” “clinical trial” and “randomized controlled trial” from January 2020 to June 2021. From the search, we conducted an initial review to rule‐out duplicate entries, identify those that met inclusion criteria (i.e., had results), and exclude those that did not meet the definition of an RCT. Lastly, we abstracted the demographic and clinical characteristics reported on within each RCT.ResultsFrom the initial 43 627 manuscripts, our final eligible manuscripts consisted of 149 RCTs described in 137 articles. Most of the RCTs (113/149) studied potential treatments, while fewer studied vaccines (29), prophylaxis strategies (5), and interventions to prevent transmission among those infected (2). Study populations ranged from 10 to 38 206 participants (median = 100, IQR: 60–300). All 149 RCTs reported on age, 147 on sex, 50 on race, and 110 on the prevalence of at least one comorbidity. No RCTs reported on income, urban versus rural residence, or other indicators of socioeconomic status (SES).ConclusionsLimited reporting on race and other markers of SES make it difficult to draw conclusions about specific external target populations without making strong assumptions that treatment effects are homogenous. These findings highlight the need for more robust reporting on the clinical and demographic profiles of patients enrolled in COVID‐19 related RCTs.
Pulmonary medication adherence among children and adults with cystic fibrosis: Is there an association with disease severity?
Authors: Hatziagorou Elpis , Manika Katerina , Kyrvasili Syrmo Styliani , Kotoulas Serafeim Chrysovalantis , Chrysochoou Elisavet Anna , Kouroukli Eleana , Sionidou Maria , Tsanakas John 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdherence to pulmonary medication is pivotal in delaying the progression of lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF). Further exploring the consequences of poor adherence and its impact on disease severity may be valuable to personalize CF treatment strategy.AimTo evaluate indicators of disease severity among children and adults with CF and investigate which of them are related to pulmonary medication adherence.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study. Data of children and adults followed up in one pediatric and one adult CF Unit were evaluated over 4 years. Disease severity was assessed by measuring body mass index (BMI), lung function, history of pulmonary exacerbations, and medication complexity. Adherence was assessed by calculating a 12‐month medication possession ratio (MPR) for each pulmonary medication and then averaged for a composite MPR (cMPR) for each patient. Regression analysis was performed to explore the association of adherence with disease severity.ResultsNinety‐five patients were included in our study, 52 children and 43 adults. The overall cMPR was 0.74 (SD = 0.25); 0.68 (SD = 0.24) for children and 0.81 (SD = 0.24) for adults. Adults presented higher adherence, with overall mean cMPR 0.81 (SD = 0.24) compared to children with mean cMPR 0.68 (SD = 0.24) (p < 0.05, 95% CI = −0.27 to −0.03). Adherence was inversely related to FEV1% predicted (β = −0.002, 95% CI = −0.004 to 0, p = 0.023) and FVC% predicted (β = −0.003, 95% CI = −0.005 to −0.001, p = 0.006) in regression analysis. Adherence was not found to be associated with BMI, history of exacerbations and medication complexity. The analysis of each medication showed that adherence to Dornase‐alpha, Tobramycin and Colomycin was significantly related to specific disease severity indicators.ConclusionAn overall moderate to high level of adherence was found among our study population. Adults presented higher adherence compared to children. FEV1% and FVC% predicted were related to a significant decrease in adherence. Among our group of CF patients with an overall moderate to high level of adherence, adherence to pulmonary medication was inversely related to disease severity.
The evergreen process hazard analysis: An essential next step
Authors: Olsen Jody E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe evergreen process hazard analysis (PHA) is an essential next step in hazard identification, risk analysis, and process safety risk management. The evergreen PHA addresses weaknesses in PHA practices that allow the facility PHA to degrade and become out‐of‐date during the periods between 5‐year revalidations. This degradation in the PHA has the potential to elevate safety risk in the facility. This paper outlines prerequisites and initial steps that support moving to evergreen PHA. Initial steps include developing the document flow process, establishing triggering events, and defining the PHA protocol for interim PHA studies. A phased approach for implementing evergreen PHA is outlined. Challenges and barriers, real and perceived, are discussed along with solutions. The implementation of a well‐designed and maintained evergreen PHA process not only supports better awareness of hazards within the facility but also allows for continual improvement of the PHA. Five‐year revalidation efforts may be reimagined and refocused to be more effective and to use resource time more efficiently. These benefits can ultimately contribute to safer and more reliable operations.
Identification and characterization of CYP307A1 as a molecular target for controlling the small hive beetle, Aethina tumida
Authors: Wu Lixian , Li Liangbin , Xu Yajing , Li Qiang , Liu Fang , Zhao Hongxia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe molting hormone 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) plays a key role in insect development, metamorphosis, and reproduction. Previous studies have shown that ecdysteroid metabolism is regulated by a series of CYP genes in most of the insect species. However, the roles of these CYP genes in a Coleopteran beetle, Aethina tumida (small hive beetle, SHB) have not yet been explored.ResultsIn the current study, we identified seven CYP genes (six Halloween genes and one AtCYP18A1 gene) related to 20E metabolism. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) showed that AtCYP307A1 and AtCYP307B1 were primarily expressed in the embryonic stage and in the cephalothorax of larvae. RNA interference (RNAi) screening revealed that suppression of AtCYP307A1 expression caused a lethal phenotype during the larval–pupal metamorphosis. Furthermore, Hematoxylin and Eosin staining of the integument showed that the RNAi of AtCYP307A1 inhibited the apolysis and degradation of the old cuticle. In addition, silencing of AtCYP307A1 resulted in significant down‐regulation of 20E titers and the expression levels of 20E signaling pathway genes. Finally, the AtCYP307A1 RNAi phenotype was rescued by topical application of 20E.ConclusionOur studies suggest that AtCYP307A1 involved in 20E synthesis is indispensable during the larval–pupal metamorphosis of beetles, which could serve as a putative insecticide target for pest control. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Training in the protocol for robotic undocking for life emergency support (RULES) improves team communication, coordination and reduces the time required to decouple the robotic system from the patient
Authors: Fabrício Pereira de Almeida Thiago , Esteves Chaves Campos Marcelo , Romanelli de Castro Pedro , Paim Carvalho Garcia Diego , Junger Giselle , de Faria e Silva Raphael , Câmara de Rezende Daniel , Augusto de Vasconcellos Santos Fernando 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionRobotic surgery has expanded on it's surgical application and it is also noted an increase in surgical procedures complexity. Occurrence of emergency situations that require conversion of the minimally invasive access route to open access routes is uncommon. The urgent undocking of the robotic platform is a complex and neglected process in robotic surgery training.ObjectiveTo establish specific actions and comands for a safe emergency robotic undocking in a simulation environment.MethodTwo surgical teams, interventional group (IG) and control group (CG), were submitted to a simulation environment in which there was a need for emergency undocking of the robotic system. The intervention group underwent training with the robotic undocking for life emergency support (RULES) protocol.ResultUndocking time of the robotic platform from the IG was reduced by 66% and the CG by only 20%. After RULES protocol training, during the second simulation, the IG acquired more critical actions necessary for emergency undocking and developed more non‐technical skills.ConclusionThe RULES protocol proved to be effective, promoting an improvement in technical and non‐technical skills of all surgical team menbers, resulting in more effective actions that resut in a coordinated and faster robotic undocking. It is also concluded that the surgeon and bed side surgeon are the key elements for the efficient robotic system undocking in emergency situations.
AOSRV: Development and preliminary performance assessment of a new robotic system for autonomous percutaneous vertebroplasty
Authors: Huang Junshen , Xing Tong , Cheng Ziying , Lu Shixin , Li Ming , Liang Yuwei , Huang Jiajun , Liao Zhuangyao , Su Kaihui , Wen Guoming , Liang Changchun , Che Zhen , Chen Enming , Chen Jiarui , Zhu Shengxiao , Sun Donghui , Li Yuxi , Huang Lin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPercutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is one of the most effective treatments for patients with vertebral fracture that need surgical treatment, and surgical robotics are promising tools to provide surgeons with improved precision, surgical efficiency and reduce radiation exposure. However, there are currently few robotics that are developed to help assist with PVP.MethodsA new spinal surgical robotic system ‘AOSRV’ for autonomous vertebral puncture and bone cement injection was designed and customised in this study. To investigate its practical abilities and the advantages, we performed single‐segment/double‐segment PVP simulation surgeries on pig spinal specimens manually and using AOSRV.ResultsBy contrast with the freehand group (FG) in single‐segment (SS)/double‐segment (DS) surgery, the robotic group (RG) was superior in the operation time (RGSS = 21.14 ± 4.11 min, FGSS = 33.17 ± 6.83 min; RGDS = 42.39 ± 7.31 min, FGDS = 62.86 ± 20.39 min), puncture adjustments (RGSS = 2.30 ± 1.77, FGSS = 14.86 ± 5.46; RGDS = 3.91 ± 1.76, FGDS = 20.00 ± 7.76), intraoperative fluoroscopies (RGSS = 4.10 ± 1.52, FGSS = 20.57 ± 5.44; RGDS = 7.82 ± 1.40, FGDS = 25.91 ± 7.23) and bone cement leakage rate (RGSS = 30%, FGSS = 71.4%; RGDS = 38.6%, FGDS = 83.3%).ConclusionsAOSRV was successfully developed and had a promising preliminary performance. An innovative attempt was made for the blank space of the autonomous vertebroplasty surgical robotics, and it may shed a light on more promising applications in the future.
Assessing reservoir effect on water quality in the Missouri River basin using the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model
Authors: Chen Pan , Li Wenhong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe flow regimes of the Missouri River Basin (MORB) have been significantly altered by hundreds of large and small reservoirs distributed throughout the basin. However, the impacts of these reservoirs on water quality dynamics have not been systemically studied. Therefore, we applied the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to evaluate how these reservoirs would affect sediment and nutrient loads in the MORB. Calibration and validation of the model indicated that the simulated streamflow and water quality at each gauge site across the MORB was in agreement with observation. Results showed that sediment and nutrient export in the MORB would be significantly reduced by the reservoirs. The mean annual total suspended sediment (TSS), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorous (TP) loads at the outlet of MORB were reduced by 11.9%, 7.6%, and 14.6%, respectively between 1997 and 2016. In addition, many small reservoirs could have an equivalent reduction effect on sediment and nutrient loads at the outlet as a large one due to similar trapping effects of these reservoirs and the weakening effect along the channel. Moreover, reservoirs near the mouth of the river reduced more TSS than those located in the upper watershed. But they made slightly less TN and TP reductions than those upstream ones because of not at the source area of the nutrients. These results suggested that reservoirs had substantial effects on water quality in the MORB, and the effects varied with the reservoirs' size and location.
Psychosocial safety climate and supportive leadership as vital enhancers of personal hope and resilience during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Siami Sahar , Gorji Mohammadbagher , Martin Angela 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effects of supportive leadership and psychosocial safety climate on personal hope and resilience among nurses during the pandemic. Conservation of resource theory was employed to explain the effects of psychosocial safety climate and supportive leadership on nurses' hope and resilience. A cross‐sectional design was employed to collect data. Six‐hundred and twenty‐three nurses across 68 hospitals who were in direct contact with COVID‐19 patients during the fifth wave of the pandemic in Iran were recruited. Hierarchical Linear Modelling (HLM) and Structural Equation Modelling using Amos were used to analyze the data. Results revealed that both psychosocial safety climate and supportive leadership improved personal resilience through personal hope. Findings showed that the positive relationship between supportive leadership and personal hope was stronger when the hospital‐level psychosocial safety climate was high. To improve personal hope and resilience among nurses during critical times, hospital management must ensure consistent supportive leadership and establish policies, practices and procedures that support nurses' psychosocial health and safety at the hospital level.