bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic impacts of Australian redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus in Lake Kariba
Authors: Chakandinakira Adroit Takudzwa , Madzivanzira Takudzwa Comfort , Mashonga Shantel , Muzvondiwa John Vengai , South Josie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

The rapidly spreading Australian red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus in the Zambezi Basin is a cause for concern considering its potential impacts. The assessment the impacts of C. quadricarinatus critical for the prioritisation of policy and management actions in Africa where literature on impacts of C. quadricarinatus is generally scant. We quantified the socioeconomic impacts conferred by C. quadricarinatus on artisanal gillnetting fishery in Lake Kariba to validate anecdotal fisher reports regarding crayfish damage to fish catch on static gillnets. From the catch assessments with registered fishers, fish catch composition, catch per unit effort (CPUE), crayfish entangled on gillnets CPUE, damaged fish CPUE, and damaged areas were recorded. Basin 2 had significantly higher CPUE with respect to fish catch and crayfish, as well as catch damage than other basins. The damage by crayfish on fish was recorded in all the basins except in Basin 5. Damage was significantly correlated with the abundance of crayfish. The most frequently affected species was Oreochromis niloticus. On all fish species, eyes, guts and the tail were the frequently damaged parts. Due to C. quadricarinatus damage, fishers are losing 212 tonnes per year which translates to US$ 512 352.92 in Lake Kariba. This lost amount is significantly high, considering the total income per household which is mainly contributed by fishing. The lack of damage in Basin 5 is likely due to fishers developing adaptive new techniques which are less likely to be affected by crayfish. This study is the first in Africa to quantify the socio-economic losses due to crayfish in the field, and the first globally to derive observed costs for C. quadricarinatus. Data from this study have huge conservation and management implications, as crayfish threaten food security as well as incur personal losses to fishers via damage-related costs.
Relevance studies between the anteromedial osteophyte and anteromedial impingement of the ankle in chronic lateral ankle instability.
Authors: Zhang Jieyuan , Li Xueqian , Fu Shaoling , Wang Cheng , Mei Guohua , Su Yan , Xue Jianfeng , Zou Jian , Yang Kai , Shi Zhongmin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between anteromedial ankle osteophytes (AMAO) and anteromedial ankle impingement (AMAI) in chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) through visualization and quantification.MethodsForty-three patients with unilateral CLAI between September 2018 and March 2020 accepted arthroscopic repair of an anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) and were split into two groups: AMAI (AMAI including intraoperative AMAO resection) and pure CLAI (with AMAO but without AMAI, no AMAO resection). The AMAO protrusion lengths in each direction were measured and compared after all of the ankles were reconstructed. All patients were assessed preoperatively and at 2-year follow-up with ankle dorsiflexion, the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score, and visual analog scale (VAS) score.ResultsIntelligent analysis showed that a large extent of osteophytes was found at the dorsomedial surface of the talar neck in AMAI group. The upper and inner bound protrusion distances of AMAO in AMAI group were greater than in the pure CLAI group. There was no significant difference in anterior bound protrusion distance of AMAO between the two groups. Preoperatively, the ankle dorsiflexion of AMAI group (7.6 ± 1.4°) was considerably lower than that of pure CLAI group (22.4 ± 1.9°) (p༜0.001). When compared to the pure CLAI group, the AMAI group had a substantially lower AOFAS score (62.2 ± 6.7 vs 71.1 ± 9.1; p༜0.001) and VAS score (6.0 ± 1.0 vs 4.9 ± 0.8; p༜0.05). However, there was no significant difference in postoperative ankle dorsiflexion, AOFAS score, or VAS score between the two groups.ConclusionAMAO is formed mostly on the dorsomedial surface of the talar neck in CLAI with AMAI, and the upper and inner bound protrusion lengths of AMAO were shown to be significantly correlated with the existence of AMAI in CLAI.Level of evidence IV.
Staphylococcus aureus in cow milk and milk products in Ambo and Bako towns, Oromia, Ethiopia: Prevalence, associated risk factors, hygienic quality, and antibiogram
Authors: Borena Bizunesh Mideksa , Gurmessa Feyera Tesema , Gebremedhin Endrias Zewdu , Sarba Edilu Jorga , Marami Lencho Megersa 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the foodborne gram-positive bacterial pathogens that cause staphylococcal food poisoning worldwide and can contaminate foods of animal origin. The current study was conducted in Ambo and Bako towns, Ethiopia to estimate the prevalence, associated risk factors, hygienic quality, and antibiogram of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in cow’s raw milk and milk products.Results: The overall prevalence of S. aureus from milk and milk products was 15.6% (94/601) with the highest prevalence detected in bulk tank raw milk at 17.50% (14/80) and the lowest in ‘Ergo’ at 13.11% (8/61). Age of cows, previous history of treatment, stage of lactation, udder washing, use of towel for individual cow, tick infestation, hygiene of the milker and utensils, and use of disinfectant were found to be statistically significant (P<0.05) risk factors for S. aureus isolation at the individual cow level. Accordingly, a higher probability of getting infected with S. aureus was detected in cows aged 5 years old, crossbreeds, had a history of previous treatment, mid-lactation stage, no udder washing practiced, no individual towel used, tick infestation, and poor milking hygiene. Personnel hygiene, container hygiene, and use of disinfectants were the major risk factors that had a statistically significant association (p<0.05) with bulk tank milk contamination with S. aureus. The maximum S. aureus counts at the farm and restaurant levels were 1.92x104 CFU/mL and 1.86x104 CFU/mL, respectively. The antimicrobial susceptibility test showed a higher resistance of S. aureus against amoxicillin (98.48%), oxacillin (98.48%), ampicillin (98.48%), cefoxitin (92.42%), and tetracycline (83.33%), of which 43.94% of isolates showed multidrug resistance. The high prevalence of oxacillin and cefoxitin-resistant isolates, which is indicative of the existence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), was also detected in the current study.Conclusion: Higher prevalence of S. aureus and the multidrug-resistant isolates in milk and milk products is detected in study areas. Therefore, to make milk and milk products safe for human consumption, hygienic handling of milk and milk products, regular surveillance of antimicrobial resistance, and prudent use of drugs are suggested.
The Influence of the Tool Tilt Angle on the Heat Generation and the Material Behavior in Friction Stir Welding (FSW)
Authors: Meyghani Bahman , Awang Mokhtar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn practical FSW, tool tilt angle plays a significant role in enhancing the weld quality due to the generated forging force in the trailing side. For thermomechanical analysis of FSW, most models did not consider the tool tilt angle or used a simplified assumption, which caused the inconsistence with the practical cases due to inappropriate treatment of the tool/workpiece contact conditions. To improve the accuracy of numerical simulation of FSW process, the tool tilt angle must be considered. In this study, specific considerations for mechanical boundary conditions in Eulerian domain is employed to investigate the tool tilt angle influence on the thermomechanical behavior in FSW. Aluminum 6061-T6 with the thickness of 6 mm under the rotational speed of 800 RPM, the transverse speed of 120 mm/min and the plunging depth of 0.1 mm were employed for the simulations. Results showed an almost symmetric temperature profile predicted by the model without considering the tool tilt angle, while after incorporating the tool tilt angle, the peak temperature point is moved to the tool backside, resulting in better material bonding, enhancing the weld joint quality. Without accounting for the tool tilt angle the highest temperature of 389°C is observed, while with the tilt angle the maximum temperature of 413°C is achieved. The temperature variations at different points of the leading and the trailing sides of the welding tool were measured. It was observed that, after considering the tilt angle, as the tool moves, a smooth and quick increase for the temperature at the tool leading side achieves. This smooth and quick increasing of the temperature at the leading side results in reducing the possibility of the formation of defects, cracks and voids. Finally, comparisons showed that the model computational time is acceptable and using Eulerian formulation leads to achieving a remarkable accuracy.
Efficiancy of HEPA-filtered extra oral suction unit on aerosols during prosthetic dental preparation
Authors: DERMIRKOL Nermin , KARAGOZOGLU Irem , KOCER Ipek KULEKCI 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objectives: Aerosols formed during dental treatments have a great risk for the spread of bacteria and viruses. The aim of this study is to determine in which part of the working area and at what size aerosol is formed and to ensure more effective use of HEPA-filtered devices. Materials and Methods: Anterior tooth preparation was performed by one dentist with one patient. Particle measurements were made using an airborne particle counter and were taken at four different locations; chest of patient, chest of dentist, center of the room and near the window. Three groups were determined for the study; Group 1: measurement in a 24-hour ventilated room (before the tooth preparation, empty room), Group 2: measurement with the use of saliva ejector (SE), Group 3: measurement with the use of saliva ejector and HEPA-filtered extra oral suction (HEOS) unit.Results: The particles generated during tooth preparation were separated according to their sizes, the concentration in different locations of the room and the efficiency of the HEOS unit was examined.Conclusions: The present study showed that as the particle size increases, the rate of spread away from the dentist working area decreases. Hepa-filtered extra oral suction unit is more effective on particles smaller than 0.5 micron. Therefore, infection control methods should be arranged according to these results.Clinical Relevance: The effective and accurate use of HEPA-filtered devices in clinics significantly reduces the spread of bacterial and viral infections and cross-infection.
Different effects of gellan gum and agar on change in root elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana by polyploidization: the key role of aluminum
Authors: Kikuchi Suzuka , Horiuchi Arisa , Nishimoto Yuko , Iwamoto Akitoshi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Agar and gellan gum have been considered to have different effects on polyploidy-dependent growth in plants. We aim to demonstrate that agar and gellan gum differently affect the change in root elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana by polyploidization and examined the physico-chemical parameters in each gelling agent to elucidate key factors that caused the differences.
Methods
Each polyploid strain was cultured vertically on agar and gellan gum solidified medium under fixed conditions. Root elongation rate was measured during 4–10 days after sowing. Water potential, gel hardness, and trace elements of each medium were quantified. Subsequently, the physical properties of agar medium were altered and aluminum was added to identify the factor important for change in growth by polyploidization.
Results
Agar promoted root elongation of polyploids more than the gellan gum. Water potential and gel hardness of agar medium were significantly higher than those of gellan gum medium. Lower water potential and gel hardness of agar medium did not affect the effects on change in polyploidy-dependent growth. Elemental analysis showed that gellan gum contained more aluminum than agar. When the polyploids were grown on agar media with additional aluminum, root elongation in tetraploids and octoploids was significantly suppressed.
Conclusion
This study revealed that agar and gellan gum affect the change in growth of root elongation in A. thaliana by polyploidization in different ways. The different effects on change in polyploidy-dependent growth is partially caused by aluminum in the gellan gum, which may be due to cell wall composition of polyploids.
aRDG analysis of asphaltene molecular viscosity and aggregation behaviors based on NEMD simulation
Authors: Lin Qunchao , Deng Lei , Dong Ge , Tang Xianqiong , Li Wei , Long Zhengwu , You Lingyun , Xu Fu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Understanding the noncovalent (weak) interactions between asphaltene molecules is the key to further comprehending the viscosity and aggregation behavior of asphaltenes. In the past, intermolecular interactions were characterized indirectly by calculating the radial distribution function and the numerical distribution of distances/angles between atoms, which are far less intuitive than the average reduced density gradient (aRDG) method. This study selected three representative asphaltene molecules (AsphalteneO, AsphalteneT, and AsphalteneY) to investigate the relationship between viscosity and weak intermolecular interactions. Firstly, a non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulation was employed to calculate the shear viscosities of these molecules and analyze their aggregation behaviors. In addition, the types of weak intermolecular interactions of asphaltene were visualized by the aRDG method. Finally, the stability of the weak intermolecular interactions was analyzed by the thermal fluctuation index (TFI). The results indicate that AsphalteneY has the highest viscosity. The aggregation behavior of AsphalteneO is mainly face-to-face stacking, while AsphalteneT and AsphalteneY associate mainly via offset stacking and T-shaped stacking. According to the aRDG analysis, the weak interactions between AshalteneT molecules are similar to those between AshalteneO molecules, mainly due to van der Waals interactions and steric hindrance effects. At the same time, there is a strong attraction between AsphalteneY molecules. Additionally, the results of the TFI analysis show that the weak intermolecular interactions of the three types of asphaltene molecules are relatively stable and not significantly affected by thermal motion. Our results provide a new method for better understanding asphaltene molecules' viscosity and aggregation behavior.
Association between handgrip strength and heart failure in adults aged 45 years and older from NHANES 2011-2014
Authors: Li Run-Min , Dai Guo-Hua , Guan Hui , Gao Wu-Lin , Ren Li-Li , Wang Xing-Meng , Qu Hui-Wen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Growing evidence indicates that handgrip strength (HGS) is a conspicuous marker for assessing some diseases affecting middle-aged and elderly individuals. However, research regarding HGS and heart failure (HF) is sparse and controversial. Hence, we aimed to investigate the association between HGS and HF among adults aged 45 years and older in the United States.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, we included 4880 adults older than 45 years who were part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011–2014). A general linear model was used to estimate the association between HGS and HF. Age, gender, race, income level, education level, body mass index level, smoking status, drinking status, diabetes, hypertension and stroke covariates were adjusted using a multiple regression model. And further subgroup analysis was conducted.
Results
We documented 206 cases of HF, including 112 men and 94 women. HGS was negatively associated with HF after adjusting for all the covariates (odds ratio = 0.97, 95% confidence interval = 0.96, 0.98; P < 0.001). Compared with the lowest quintile, the highest quintile was associated with an 83% lower incidence of HF (odds ratio = 0.17, 95% confidence interval = 0.07, 0.40; P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that the results remained stable.
Conclusions
In US adults older than 45, HGS level was an independent negative correlation with the incidence of HF after adjusting for covariates. Based on our findings, HGS may be a marker for predicting HF in middle-aged and elderly individuals.
Groundwater Sustainability under Land-Use and Land-Cover Changes
Authors: Mohsenifard Mehrasa , Koupai Jahangir Abedi , Shokri Ali 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

In recent decades, agricultural activities have increased water withdrawals from the Shazand Plain in the Markazi Province (Iran). In this study, the Soil & Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to estimate recharge content as an essential component of groundwater models. MODFLOW2000 in the GMS10.5 software was used for groundwater modeling, and the extent of land use change in the Shazand Plain was investigated. The results showed that the agricultural sector allocated the largest change with an 18% increase. During 2009–2016, the water table declined by 5 m due to the decrease in recharge and the increase in exploitation. Therefore, the management scenarios of removal of irrigated crops, optimization of cultivated area, and reduction of the cultivated area by 10, 20, and 30% were applied. The results showed 3, 0.28, 0.49, 1, and 1.5 m increases in the water table at the end of the 7-year study period.
WITHDRAWN: Biological nitrogen fixation in field pea and vetch: contribution from above and belowground structures to the partial N balance.
Authors: Kehoe Esteban , Rubio Gerardo , Salvagiotti Fernando 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The inclusion of winter legumes during fallow periods allows the addition of N to the system through biological N fixation (BNF), which will depend on management practices and crop species (for grain production or a cover crop). The objectives of this study were to evaluate the BNF and biomass and N accumulation in pea and vetch crops growing under field conditions and to study the impact of including belowground structures in the partial N balance of both crops.
Methods
Biomass, BNF and N uptake, including belowground structures (determined in field monoliths to 0.3m depth), were quantified in a two-year field study evaluating two genotypes (semi-leafless and conventional-leaved) in field pea, and contrasting sowing dates in vetch.
Results
Belowground BNF inputs improved the partial N balances and averaged 1 and 4 kg N ha− 1 in field pea and vetch, respectively. The partial N balance in field pea was negative in most cases (average − 7 kg N ha− 1), determined to a greater extent by a high NHI, while in vetch net N inputs increased with the delay of sowing date (from 60 to 295 kg N ha− 1).
Conclusions
In field pea, the different genotypes exerted minor effects on biomass and %Ndfa, whereas in vetch sowing dates had a strong impact on these variables. BNF-derived N at full bloom in vetch proved to be higher when delaying sowing dates, despite plants reaching lower total biomass with a higher partial N balance.
Patterns of Early Myelination Identify Functionally Relevant Brain Networks
Authors: Deoni Sean CL , Bruchhage Muriel , Dean Douglas , D’Sa Viren , Schnieder Nora 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Myelination of the brain’s white and cortical gray matter is a critical neurodevelopmental process that underpins efficient brain messaging and communication and, accordingly, contributes to the development and refinement of cognitive skills and abilities. While this is conceptually supported by the concurrent timelines of myelination derived from histological assays and cognitive development from behavioral studies, in vivo demonstration of myelin-cognitive associations across human infancy and childhood is limited. From histological studies, myelination proceeds in a known and characteristic caudal-cranial and posterior-to-anterior arc, driven by the increasingly coherent synaptic activity associated with emerging cognitive and behavioral functions. Patterns of myelination, therefore, may intrinsically inform on the rate and sequence of these developing skills and abilities, as well as the brain regions that contribute to them. In this work, we used longitudinal and myelin-sensitive MRI measures from a large cohort of neurotypical children to examine patterns of myelination throughout the brain and link these patterns to concurrently evolving motor, visual, and language skills. Results revealed a core system of central brain regions that contributed broadly across cognitive domains as well as individual and domain-specific regions that align with known functional specialization. These results provide important new insight into the sequence of emerging skills and the underlying myeloarchitectural changes that support them. This information provides context and reference for how early alterations may affect cognitive outcomes depending on their timing and anatomical location.
Ferroptosis Related Gene Signature in T Cell-Mediated Rejection After Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Zhang Weixun , Gong Lian , Zhang Di , Hu Xiaopeng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
T cell-mediated rejection is an important factor affecting early transplant kidney survival. Ferroptosis has been shown to play a pathogenic role in a variety of diseases, which was not reported in TCMR. Here we developed a model for assessing activation of ferroptosis-related genes in TCMR to find a better screening method and explore the contribution of ferroptosis in TCMR.
Methods
We performed unsupervised consensus clustering according to expression of ferroptosis-related genes based on RNA-seq data from kidney transplant biopsies, and developed an assessment model characterized by ferroptosis gene expression through PCA, which was evaluated in multiple external datasets as well as blood and urine samples. Pathway enrichment and immune cell infiltration analysis were used to explore the possible targets and pathways involved in ferroptosis and TCMR.
Results
A ferroptosis gene expression scoring model was established. The diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of TCMR in renal biopsy samples were both over 80%, AUC = 0.843, and AUC was around 0.8 in multi-dataset validation, and was also close to 0.7 in blood and urine samples, while in predicting of graft survival at 3 years, scoring model had a good prognostic effect as well. Pathway enrichment and PPI network speculated that TLR4, CD44, IFNG, etc. may be the key genes of ferroptosis in TCMR.
Conclusions
Ferroptosis scoring model could better diagnose TCMR and predict graft loss, and could be used as a potential screening method in blood and urine samples. We speculate that ferroptosis plays an important role in TCMR.