bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative determination of pulmonary emphysema in follow-up LD-CTs of patients with COVID-19 infection
Authors: Celik Erkan , Nelles Christian , Kottlors Jonathan , Fervers Philipp , Goertz Lukas , Pinto dos Santos Daniel , Achenbach Tobias , Maintz David , Persigehl Thorsten 
Published: February 2022

Purpose
To evaluate the association between the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and post-inflammatory emphysematous lung alterations on follow-up low-dose CT scans.

Methods
Consecutive patients with proven COVID-19 infection and a follow-up CT were retrospectively reviewed. The severity of pulmonary involvement was classified as mild, moderate and severe. Total lung volume, emphysema volume and the ratio of emphysema/-to-lung volume were quantified semi-automatically and compared inter-individually between initial and follow-up CT and to a control group of healthy, age- and sex-matched patients. Lung density was further assessed by drawing circular regions of interest (ROIs) into non-affected regions of the upper lobes.

Results
A total of 32 individuals (mean age: 64 ± 13 years, 12 females) with at least one follow-up CT (mean: 52 ± 66 days, range: 5–259) were included. In the overall cohort, total lung volume, emphysema volume and the ratio of lung-to-emphysema volume did not differ significantly between the initial and follow-up scans. In the subgroup of COVID-19 patients with > 30 days of follow-up, the emphysema volume was significantly larger as compared to the subgroup with a follow-up < 30 days (p = 0.045). Manually measured single ROIs generally yielded lower attenuation values prior to COVID-19 pneumonia, but the difference was not significant between groups (all p > 0.05).

Conclusion
COVID-19 patients with a follow-up CT >30 days showed significant emphysematous lung alterations. These findings may help to explain the long-term effect of COVID-19 on pulmonary function and warrant validation by further studies.
A systematic review on risk factors for khat chewing among adolescents in the African continent and Arabian Peninsula
Authors: Fiidow Osman Abubakar , Minhat Halimatus Sakdiah , Zulkefli Nor Afiah Mohd , Ahmad Norliza 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
Khat is a flowering plant with stimulant effect on the nervous system and produce psychological dependence. Despite its harmful effects, the ingestion of khat has been part of cultural norms and the legality of khat varies by region.

Objective
This systematic review aimed at critically evaluating the available evidence on the risk factors of khat chewing among adolescents.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted on published research studies from five databases Scopus, PubMed, Science-direct, Ovid and google scholar using keywords khat chewing OR qat chewing AND associated factors OR risk factors OR contributing factors AND adolescents OR teenagers. Articles included were either cross-sectional, cohort, case-control or qualitative studies which were published between the year 1990 till present. Excluded articles were the non-English written articles, descriptive studies and irrelevant topics being studied.

Results
Out of 2617 records identified and screened, six were included for the analysis and interpretation of the data. All included studies were cross-sectional study design. All six studies reported having family members who chewed khat significantly predict khat chewing among adolescents, followed by five articles for friends or peers who also chewed khat and four articles for male gender. Smoking was also found to have the highest odds (OR = 18.2; 95% CI: 12.95–25.72) for khat chewing among adolescents.

Conclusion
The review highlights the crucial role of family members, friends or peers and male gender to predict khat chewing among adolescents. Effectiveness of health promotion programs to educate and reduce khat chewing among adolescents will require active participation of family members and friends.
Effect of collagen casing on the quality characteristics of fermented sausage
Authors: Yan Xinlei , Yang Le , Zhang Yanni , Han Wenying , Duan Yan 
Published: February 2022

Objective
Fermented sausage is popular all over the world for its rich nutrition and unique flavor. Sausage casing is one of the key factors affecting the quality of fermented sausage. However, there is little information involved in this field.

Methods
In this study, collagen casings were used as a wrapping material, and natural casings (pig casings) were used as a control. The effects of the two types of casings on biogenic amine content and other quality characteristics of fermented sausage were analyzed with increasing the storage time.

Results
The results showed that with storage time increasing, the hardness and gumminess of fermented sausage in collagen casing (CC) group were higher than those in pig casing (PC) group (P<0.05), while the elasticity in CC group was lower than that in PC group (P<0.05). In the processing and storage period, there was no significant difference in the type and content of flavor substances between the two groups. More importantly, the contents of tryptamine, putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, tyramine and phenyethylamine in fermented sausage of CC group were lower than those in PC group (P<0.05).

Conclusion
In conclusion, this study revealed that CC could improve the quality characteristics of fermented sausage and reduce the content of biogenic amines in fermented sausage, which provides a theoretical basis for the choice of casings in industrial production in the future.
Guideline adherence in speech and language therapy in stroke aftercare. A health insurance claims data analysis
Authors: Schindel Daniel , Mandl Lena , Schilling Ralph , Meisel Andreas , Schenk Liane 
Published: February 2022

Background
Impairments to comprehension and production of speech (aphasia, dysarthria) and swallowing disorders (dysphagia) are common sequelae of stroke, reducing patients’ quality of life and social participation. Treatment oriented on evidence-based guidelines seems likely to improve outcomes. Currently, little is known about guideline adherence in stroke aftercare for the above-mentioned sequelae. This study aims to analyse guideline adherence in the treatment of aphasia, dysarthria and dysphagia after stroke, based on suitable test parameters, and to determine factors that influence the implementation of recommended therapies.

Methods
Six test parameters were defined, based on systematic study of guidelines for the treatment of speech impairments and swallowing disorders (e.g. comprehensive diagnostics, early initiation and continuity). Guideline adherence in treatment was tested using claims data from four statutory health insurance companies. Multivariate logistic and linear regression analyses were performed in order to test the outcomes.

Results
4,486 stroke patients who were diagnosed with specific disorders or received speech therapy were included in the study. The median age was 78 years; the proportion of women was 55.9%. Within the first year after the stroke, 90.3% of patients were diagnosed with speech impairments and swallowing disorders. Overall, 44.1% of patients received outpatient speech and language therapy aftercare. Women were less frequently diagnosed with specific disorders (OR 0.70 [95%CI:0.55/0.88], p = 0.003) and less frequently received longer therapy sessions (OR 0.64 [95%CI:0.43/0.94], p = 0.022). Older age and longer hospitalization duration increased the likelihood of guideline recommendations being implemented and of earlier initiation of stroke aftercare measures.

Conclusions
Our observations indicate deficits in the implementation of guideline recommendations in stroke aftercare. At the same time, they underscore the need for regular monitoring of implementation measures in stroke aftercare to address group-based disparities in care.
Clinical practice guidelines and consensus statements for antenatal oral healthcare: An assessment of their methodological quality and content of recommendations
Authors: Wilson Annika , Hoang Ha , Bridgman Heather , Crocombe Leonard , Bettiol Silvana 
Published: February 2022

Objectives
To review the content of recommendations within antenatal oral healthcare guidance documents and appraise the quality of their methodology to inform areas of development, clinical practice, and research focus.

Method
A systematic search of five electronic databases, Google search engine, and databases from relevant professional and guideline development groups published in English, developed countries, and between 2010 and 2020 was undertaken to identify guidance documents related to antenatal oral healthcare. Quality of documents was appraised using the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation II tool, and a 3-step quality cut-off value was used. Inductive thematic analysis was employed to categories discreet recommendations into themes.

Results
Six guidelines and one consensus statement were analysed. Two documents developed within Australia scored ≥60% across five of the six domains of the quality appraisal tool and were recommended for use. Four documents (developed in the United States and Canada) were recommended for use with modifications, whilst one document (developed in Europe) was not recommended. A total of 98 discreet recommendations were identified and demonstrated considerable unanimity but differed in scope and level of information. The main content and number of recommendations were inductively categorised within the following clinical practice points: risk factor assessments (n = 2), screening and assessment (n = 10), pre-pregnancy care (referral, n = 1), antenatal care (health education and advice, n = 14; management of nausea and vomiting, n = 7; referral, n = 2), postnatal care (health education and advice, n = 1; anticipatory guidance, n = 6), documentation (n = 4), coordinated care (n = 4), capacity building (n = 6), and community engagement (n = 1).

Conclusion
The methodological rigour of included guidance documents revealed areas of strengths and limitations and posit areas for improvement. Further research could centre on adapting antenatal oral healthcare guidelines and consensus statements to local contexts. More high-quality studies examining interventions within antenatal oral healthcare are needed to support the development of recommendations.
(Re)ver, (re)lembrar e bordar
Authors: Mariano Julia , Rodrigues Borges Deborah 
Published: February 2022

Esta escrita sustenta-se em memórias de experiências vividas por duas educadoras-fotógrafas em oficinas de fotografias com idosos alunos da Universidade Aberta à Terceira Idade (UNATI- PUC Goiás). A partir das memórias das vivências em um projeto de bordar lembranças sobre fotografias de álbuns de família, são trazidas aprendizagens que emergiram em contatos e trocas de saberes dessa experiência intergeracional e interinstitucional, possibilitando o reviver de memórias e a emergência de novas narrativas sobre elas.
Family Financial Socialization and Wealth Decisions
Authors: Bucciol Alessandro , Manfrè Martina , Veronesi Marcella 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We study the relationship between family financial socialization acquired during adolescence and a wide range of wealth decisions during adulthood, and compare the correlation of family financial socialization with that of financial literacy. Our findings highlight the importance of family financial socialization during young age on all the dimensions investigated, except for risky asset holding. The correlations between family financial socialization and wealth decisions are not different from those of financial literacy except for the size of financial assets, risky assets holding, and debt holding. While for males both financial literacy and financial socialization are correlated with wealth decisions, for females mainly family financial socialization seems to matter. Our findings underline the importance of acquiring financial education not only through proper educational programs, but also in the family environment during adolescence, where teens can learn positive attitudes towards money that are maintained throughout their life.
Expanding the dative semantic map: the functions of the postposition=rāin the Tātic language group
Authors: Rasekh-Mahand Mohammad , Izadifar Raheleh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn Tātic, a modern Northwest Iranian language group,=rāis a polysemous postposition which has not evolved into an accusative marker, unlike what happened in Modern Persian. Tātic varieties, which include all Tāti, Tālyshi and Tātoid dialects spoken in northwest Iran, exploit the postposition=rāto mark many different case roles. This paper studies the various functions of the postposition=rāand its variants in this language group. The data for the study have been gathered through fieldwork and interviews with Tāti native speakers as well as through available descriptive grammars. Using the dative semantic-map approach, we show that the main functions that=rāmarks in all Tātic dialects are ‘beneficiary’, ‘reason’ and ‘purpose’. We conclude that because some of the functions of=rāare not among the semantic roles in the conventional dative semantic map, this needs to be expanded in order to account for the polysemy patterns of=rāin the Tātic language group.
Replication study challenges and new number formats for chaotic pseudo random number generators
Authors: Heßeling Carina , Keller Jörg 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChaotic Pseudo Random Number Generators have been seen as a promising candidate for secure random number generation. Using the logistic map as state transition function, we perform number generation experiments that illustrate the challenges when trying to do a replication study. Those challenges range from uncertainties about the rounding mode in arithmetic hardware over chosen number representations for variables to compiler or programmer decisions on evaluation order for arithmetic expressions. We find that different decisions lead to different streams with different security properties, where we focus on period length. However, descriptions in articles often are not detailed enough to deduce all decisions unambiguously. To address similar problems in other replication studies for security applications, we propose recommendations for descriptions of numerical experiments on security applications to avoid the above challenges. Moreover, we use the results to propose the use of higher-radix and mixed-radix representations to trade storage size for period length, and investigate if exploiting the symmetry of the logistic map function for number representation is advantageous.
Prosodic phrasing and the emergence of phrase structure
Authors: Himmelmann Nikolaus P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo clarify the role of prosodic phrasing in the emergence of phrase structure, it is necessary to be clear as to how syntactic phrasing relates to prosodic phrasing. The core proposal here is that a distinction must be made between two basic types of syntactic constructions; namely, syntactic configurations for which prosodic phrasing is part of the definition of the construction, and phrase structure proper, which is independent of prosodic phrasing. This distinction implies a somewhat more complex view of the interface between syntax and prosody than is currently widely assumed. Rather than conceiving of prosodic phrases as derivative of syntactic phrases, prosodic phrasing and syntactic phrase structure are seen here as alternative ways of relating words to each other, forming larger units from smaller ones. Against this background, the emergence of phrase structure is conceived of as the emancipation of syntax from prosodic scaffolding.
Mesoporous catalysts for catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds: preparations, mechanisms and applications
Authors: Wang Jing , Wang Peifen , Wu Zhijun , Yu Tao , Abudula Abuliti , Sun Ming , Ma Xiaoxun , Guan Guoqing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are mainly derived from human activities, but they are harmful to the environment and our health. Catalytic oxidation is the most economical and efficient method to convert VOCs into harmless substances of water and carbon dioxide at relatively low temperatures among the existing techniques. Supporting noble metal and/or transition metal oxide catalysts on the porous materials and direct preparation of mesoporous catalysts are two efficient ways to obtain effective catalysts for the catalytic oxidation of VOCs. This review focuses on the preparation methods for noble-metal-based and transition-metal-oxide-based mesoporous catalysts, the reaction mechanisms of the catalytic oxidations of VOCs over them, the catalyst deactivation/regeneration, and the applications of such catalysts for VOCs removal. It is expected to provide guidance for the design, preparation and application of effective mesoporous catalysts with superior activity, high stability and low cost for the VOCs removal at lower temperatures.
Chronic hM4Di-DREADD-Mediated Chemogenetic Inhibition of Forebrain Excitatory Neurons in Postnatal or Juvenile Life Does Not Alter Adult Mood-Related Behavior
Authors: Tiwari Praachi , Kapri Darshana , Pradhan Amartya , Balakrishnan Angarika , Chaudhari Pratik R. , Vaidya Vidita A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractG-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) coupled to Gisignaling, in particular downstream of monoaminergic neurotransmission, are posited to play a key role during developmental epochs (postnatal and juvenile) in shaping the emergence of adult anxiodepressive behaviors and sensorimotor gating. To address the role of Gisignaling in these developmental windows, we used a CaMKIIα-tTA::TRE hM4Di bigenic mouse line to express the hM4Di-DREADD (designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs) in forebrain excitatory neurons and enhanced Gisignaling via chronic administration of the DREADD agonist, clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) in the postnatal window (postnatal days 2–14) or the juvenile window (postnatal days 28–40). We confirmed that the expression of the HA-tagged hM4Di-DREADD was restricted to CaMKIIα-positive neurons in the forebrain, and that the administration of CNO in postnatal or juvenile windows evoked inhibition in forebrain circuits of the hippocampus and cortex, as indicated by a decline in expression of the neuronal activity marker c-Fos. hM4Di-DREADD-mediated inhibition of CaMKIIα-positive forebrain excitatory neurons in postnatal or juvenile life did not impact the weight profile of mouse pups, and also did not influence the normal ontogeny of sensory reflexes. Further, postnatal or juvenile hM4Di-DREADD-mediated inhibition of CaMKIIα-positive forebrain excitatory neurons did not alter anxiety- or despair-like behaviors in adulthood and did not impact sensorimotor gating. Collectively, these results indicate that chemogenetic induction of Gisignaling in CaMKIIα-positive forebrain excitatory neurons in postnatal and juvenile temporal windows does not appear to impinge on the programming of anxiodepressive behaviors in adulthood.
Perspektif Masyarakat Digital Terhadap Dakwah Online Di Instagram Di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Al-Hakim Lukman 
Published: February 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: mengklasifikasi para da’i dari jumlah follower tertinggi hingga follower terendahdan melihat perspektif masyarakat digital tehadap dakwah di media sosial Instagram para da’i ditengah pandemi covid-19. Penulis menggunakan teori Uses and Gratifications Wilbur Schramm 1970, yaitu khalayak dilihat sebagai individu aktif dan memiliki tujuan, bertanggung jawab dalam pemilihan media yang akan mereka gunakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dan kepuasan mereka. Terdapat tiga karakteristik dari teori ini yaitu: Interactivity, bermakna terjadi komunikasi dua arah baik da’i maupun mad’u. Demassification, bermakna kontrol sistem komunikasi bergeser dari da’i ke mad’u yaitukebebasan mad’u menerima pesan dakwah yang disampaikan da’i sesuai dengan kebutuhan mereka. Asynchroneity,bermakna kemampuan untuk menentukan waktu pengiriman dan penerimaan pesan pada waktu yang ditentukan dan aspek interpersonal seperti mengirim, menerima dan menyimpan pesan dakwah online sesuai kebutuhan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi kasus, penulis berupaya menelaah data mengenai subjek yang diteliti yaitu akun Instagram para da’i dengan observasi, wawancara follower, dokumentasi dan kepustakaan untuk menguraikan suatu kasus secara terinci. Hasil dari penelitian ini, yaitu dakwah online menggunakan Instagram ditengah pandemi covid-19 cukup efektif. Hal ini berdasarkan tingginya jumlah follower di laman media sosial Instagram para da’i serta respon positif yang diberikan follower pada kajian online ini.
Increasing Cefazolin Use for Perioperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Penicillin-Allergic Children
Authors: Isserman Rebecca S. , Cheung Jazreel , Varallo Domonique , Cafone Joseph , Lee Juhee , Chiotos Kathleen , Muhly Wallis T. , Metjian Talene A. , Swami Sanjeev , Baldwin Keith , Tan Jonathan M. 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Cefazolin, a first-generation cephalosporin, is the most commonly recommended antibiotic for perioperative prophylaxis to reduce surgical site infections. Children with a reported penicillin allergy often receive an alternative antibiotic because of a common misunderstanding of the cross-reactivity between these antibiotics. This use of alternative antibiotics in surgical populations have been associated with increased infections, antibiotic resistance, and health care costs. We aimed to increase the percentage of patients with nonsevere penicillin-class allergies who receive cefazolin for antibiotic prophylaxis.

METHODS
A multidisciplinary team conducted this quality improvement initiative, with a series of 3 plan-do-study-act cycles aimed at children with nonsevere penicillin-class allergies undergoing surgical procedures that require antibiotic prophylaxis. The primary outcome measure was the percentage of surgical encounters among patients with nonsevere penicillin-class allergies who received cefazolin as antibiotic prophylaxis. Statistical process control charts were used to measure improvement over time.

RESULTS
Approximately 400 children were involved in this project. There was special cause variation and a shift in the center line from 60% to 80% of eligible patients receiving cefazolin for antibiotic prophylaxis, which was sustained for the duration of the project. In the last month, 90% of eligible patient received cefazolin, surpassing our goal of 85%. This improvement has been sustained in the 5 months after project completion. We had no cases of severe allergic reactions in the operating room.

CONCLUSIONS
Our multidisciplinary education-focused interventions were associated with a significant increase in the use of cefazolin for perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in patient with penicillin allergies.