bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proximate Composition and Parasitic Contamination of Hibiscus sabdariffa Seed Cake (Roselle Seed Cake): A Soup Condiment Produced by North-Western Community, Nigeria
Authors: Attah D. D. , Sanyinna Y. M. , Isyaku N. T. , Kele M. K. , Ridwan N. A. , Emmanuel B. A. 
Published: January 2022

Background: Soup condiments are edible food items which are added to dishes, used as thickeners for soup and also as food supplements such as sauce that is added to food to impact specific flavours. They are abundantly produced in Nigeria especially in North-Western part of the country.
Aims: The aim of this research was to determine the proximate composition and parasitic contamination of Hibiscus sabdariffa seed cake (Roselle seed cake): a soup condiment produced by North-Western Community, Nigeria.
Study Design: Samples were purchased and collected at random from the markets of different places in the study areas, aseptically placed into polythene bags and labelled correctly.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Zuru and Sakaba Local Government Areas of Kebbi State, North-Western Nigeria.
Methodology: The proximate analysis carried out include: moisture determination, ash determination, determination of crude protein, lipid determination, fibre determination and carbohydrate estimation by difference. The protozoa present in the samples were identified by direct microscopy.
Results: The proximate composition of Hibiscus sabdariffa seed cake in the study areas had a very high level of carbohydrate content (52.44±1.03%), followed by the moisture content (15.43±0.10%), lipid content (12.00±0.50%), fibre content (11.16±0.58%), ash content (7.80±0.05%) and crude protein content (1.16±0.13%) which was the lowest. The highest prevalence rate of the identified protozoa was recorded in Entamoeba histolytica 2(50.0%) followed by Giardia lamblia 1(25.0%) in Zuru Local Government Area. No protozoa was seen in Zuru sample 0(0.0%). In Dabai sample, Giardia lamblia was seen 1(25.0%). While in Bedi sample, Entamoeba histolytica 2(50.0%) was seen which was the most prevalent. However, in Sakaba Local Government Area, a total of nine protozoa was seen and all were Entamoeba histolytica. Dirin-Daji sample showed 1(11.1%), Doka 2(22.2%), Dankolo 2(22.2%), Janbirni 1(11.1%), Laraba 1(11.1%) and Makuku 2(22.2%) respectively.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the available carbohydrate and moisture contents were higher than other parameters and the local soup condiments were heavily contaminated with protozoa and Entamoeba histolytica had the highest prevalence which can cause serious food-borne diseases in humans in the study areas. Finally, the need to apply good manufacturing practices in processing the condiments in the study areas and North-Western Nigerian Community as a whole is highly recommended.
Surgical Site Infections in Gynaecological Surgeries
Authors: Iyengar Akshaya , Nayyar Shiven , Jajoo Vedika 
Published: January 2022

Surgical contaminations are one of the utmost familiar medical management related contamination within the economically developing nations. Gynecologic tactics constitute a completely distinctive venture within which the infectious pathogen arising out of pores and the underlying skin or the vagina and endo-cervix can also relocate up to the area of surgery and may bring about vaginal cuff cellulitis, cellulitis of the pelvis, and abscesses of the pelvis. Numerous organisms along with operation threat elements were recognized as dangers that grow infectious sequelae after pelvic surgical treatment. The full-size use of antibiotic prophylaxis has decreased however now no longer removed severe postoperative infections; the common anticipated SSIs price being three–15% after c-section. Those costs are multiplied by the existence of various threat elements like surgical infection, which is compounded by untimely rupture of membranes, obstructed labour, chorioamnionitis, large obesity, extended duration of surgery, emergency surgeries, and immunodeficiency, all of that are not uncommon within aid-deficient nations. Other factors linked to physician ability, such as poor operation skills, insufficient hemostasis, and the presence of a useless region, lead to increased injury contamination. Working at the pinnacle, such as those medical conditions that occur during pregnancy and malnutrition, also contribute significantly to the problem.
SSIs as the most common motive concerning hospital-acquired contamination in obstetrics, although the present contemporary era, remains as chief residence fitness hassle within growing nations. We may even evaluate the definitions, microbiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and control of pelvic SSIs after gynecologic surgical procedures.
Oxytocin Regimens for Labour Augmentation and Its Effect on Perinatal Outcomes: A Narrative Review
Authors: Acharya Neema , Singh Priyanka , Singh Monisha , Sinha Priyanjali 
Published: January 2022

Background: The issue of childbirth, stimulation of labor is very important for successful childbirth and the birth of healthy babies. Obstetricians play main role in providing and rising Maternal and Child Health (MCH) care facilities. One amongst the goal of MCH care is safe delivery with smart feto-maternal outcome. The hormone plays vital role to cut back rates of caesarean birth once used for management of dystocia. Interventions with oxytocin particularly at high doses would lead to adverse effects on fetal heart rate and uterine tachsystole which occurs due to reduction in blood flow during contraction in intervillousspaces. The purpose of use of oxytocin is for physiological birth and for successful delivery practices. For augmentation of labour hormone regimens are low-dose (1-3 milli units/min) and high dose (4-7 milli units/min). Studies have shown high-dose of hormone causes hyperstimulation to womb. It's been mentioned that there's decrease in induction to delivery time at meta-analysis.
Augmentation of labour is that the method of accelerating the frequency of contractions to facilitate a labour. The principal methodology for achieving augmentation of labour varies in the use and approach. Oxytocin is widely used for each induction and augmentation of labour. Interventions with oxytocin particularly at high doses would lead to adverse effects on fetal heart rate and uterine tachsystole which occurs due to reduction in blood flow during contraction in intervillous spaces. The purpose of use of oxytocin is for physiological birth and for successful delivery practices. These results reinforce the need to reflect on a change in care during delivery. Thus,this will help health care professional for better understanding on use and its effect during labour which will help in proper decision making for augmentation of labour.
Psychosocial Impact of COVID-19: Health Impact and Clinical Findings
Authors: Guru Alisha , Vagha Sunita 
Published: January 2022

Besides its high mortality rates, COVID-19 disease has dramatic psychosocial and psychological effects worldwide. There are significant reports of mental issues, panic attacks, anxiety, depression, and financial difficulties, and the effects continue to persist months after recovery [1]. The disease itself multipliedgic by many other problems like post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, change in behaviors. All these have a significant impact on their lives [1]. It also has adverse effects on pregnancy. COVID-19 has affected the mother as well as the child’s health. There are many panic and anxiety issues. Many deaths were not even reported. Coronavirus pandemic has led to many health and mental illnesses. Many lockdowns led to financial difficulties and problems in the present and future.
Long-term neuropsychiatric effects may be caused by more than only the massive psychological trauma suffered during the outbreak.
Poor developmental outcomes in offspring have been associated with prenatal psychological distress, including abnormalities in brain development 4, 7, and worse socio-emotional and cognitive development.
This article tends to define the psychosocial (psychosocial remove) impact of COVID-19 on students, health workers, pregnant women, how their lives and mental health are affected worldwide. COVID-19 affected the workplace. Stress throughout pregnancy and early life has been linked to cancer lately. It has affected many lives in agricultural areas, economic-financial losses. Current reports put forward feasible passing on vertical coronavirus, although longitudinal studies offspring are needed. The paternal infection on the offspring and generational upshot can be contemplated.
Ocular Trauma in Pediatric Population
Authors: Jadhav Indrayani , Sohrot Nidhi , Lohiya Sohan 
Published: January 2022

Pediatric ocular trauma is the main challenge for ophthalmologists. It is the most crucial cause of monocular blindness. Thus, it is the main problem in public health management. This study is aimed to determine the clinical characteristics and visual consequences of ocular trauma. The ocular trauma with further complications can result in blindness. An immediate evaluation of the potential damage may be impossible because of vitreous hemorrhage or may be ill-advised because of hyphema or damage to other ocular or orbital structures. Books like Comprehensive Ophthalmology by Dr. A K Khurana and various articles, WHO (World Health Organization) website, etcetera were referred for this review article. Trauma in pediatric age groups is more prevalent than that in adult age groups. The so, the male gender is more prone to such injuri females. This study concludes that trauma to eyes the is the leather dying cause of ocular morbidity, which can be avoided by simple measures. First aid and early treatment can cause a significant decrease in loss of vision due to ocular trauma. Thus, a little awareness in parents and guardians can help decrease loss and blindness in the pediatric population. Eye injury, if occurred in a closed eye, causes contusion or lamellar laceration, and if that happens in an open eye, then it can lead to rupture, perforation, or penetrating injury to the eyeball. Troma to the eyes is the leading cause of ocular morbidity, which simple measures can avoid. First aid and early treatment can cause significant decrease in loss of vision due to ocular trauma. Thus, a little awareness in parents and guardians can help decrease loss and blindness in the pediatric population.
Role of Ultrasonography and Conventional Radiography in the Detection of Maxillofacial Fractures: A Comparative Study
Authors: Kamran Ayesha , Al-Gorjia Wisam A. Razzak 
Published: January 2022

Objective: With the collaboration of the trauma department, our study was designed to compare the effectiveness of ultrasonography (USG) and conventional radiography in the detection of bony fractures related to oral and maxillofacial regions.
Methodology: This comparative study was conducted from March 2020 to March 2021 by the Radiology department of Sarghoda medical college hospital with the collaboration of the trauma department. Ultrasonography was performed by using GE- USG machine along with a linear extraoral transducer (frequency range 7-15 MHZ). Patients were asked to sit in a seated position facing the sinologist. Transducers were placed over the site by applying the sterile gel.
Results: The overall sensitivity and specificity rate of ultrasonography was reported as 83.33% and 98.88% respectively in all sites whereas the sensitivity and specificity rate of conventional radiographs were reported as 70.24%, 100%. The negative predictive value of USG was reported as 96.17% along with 94.59% positive predictive value. In the contrast, conventional radiography gave a better positive predictive value (100%) than USG In our study we found better results of ultrasonography in terms of sensitivity and negative predictive value.
Conclusion: In conclusion, our study depicts that ultrasonography is an economical, useful diagnostic tool for examining the bony fractures of facial trauma with a better sensitivity rate when compared to conventional radiographs.
Microscopy and the COVID-19 Pandemic, What We Need to Know?-The Hygiene Protocols and Digitalization
Authors: Sreeshyla Huchanahalli Sheshanna , Usha Hegde , Premalatha B. R. , Nandini N. M. , Nitin Priyanka , Srinivas J. 
Published: January 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has reemphasized the significance of personal protection at all the levels, from public places to hospitals, to working spaces to residence and at individual levels. It is inevitable for personnel in a common working space to share items multiple times one after the other frequently. Laboratory is one such arena and is also of great concern as it is associated with handling pathogenic specimens, investigating and diagnosing pathologies. By nature, it can be of great concern due to the possibility of higher chances of cross contamination. This fact is made even more precarious by the current COVID 19 pandemic. Hence there is a great need for a set of guidelines, appropriate protocols, best hygiene practices and digitalization in reporting and teaching learning, to be followed in the laboratory to prevent cross contamination. Microscopy work area is part of laboratory where microscopes are placed and used by the professionals for pathological diagnosis or research. Though there are set guidelines to be followed for most aspects of the laboratory, the cleanliness and personal protective guidelines for microscopes are sparse. Use of a disposable or reusable plastic film for covering microscopes, selection of suitable disinfectant, use of proper cleaning and protective tools and safeguarding the sensitive parts of microscope are highly recommended.
Prevalence and Patterns of Sport Supplements Use among Gym Attendants and Competitive Athletes in North Cyprus
Authors: Erdağ Deniz , Tosun Özgür , Yavuz Hasan Ulaş 
Published: January 2022

Aims: The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the prevalence, motivation for use, information and purchase sources of supplements among male competitive team sports athletes and recreational gym users in North Cyprus.
Study Design: The sample size was calculated based on the total population size according to the reports obtained from the gyms and the records of the related federations (soccer, basketball, volleyball) of TRNC. For a confidence level of 95 % and a confidence interval of 2.5 %; the required sample size was calculated as 804. The study covered more participants to ensure the statistical power to remain over 80 %. Calculations were performed with G*Power (for Mac Version 3.1.9.3).
Place and Duration of Study: 8 gyms located in 6 different districts in Northern Cyprus between june2020 and July 2020.
Methodology: A structured questionnaire measuring prevalence and patterns of supplements was administered to 902 participants (329 gym attendants, 562 team sports athletes, 18-40 years old, men). Statistical differences between sex, age group and sports participation were done by using a Chi-square analysis. Differences were considered significant at a p-value <0.05.
Results: Overall, 54% of all subjects reported use of dietary supplements, showing a significantly higher percentage among gym attendants (62%) compared to team sport athletes (50%). The most popular dietary supplement among all subjects was protein (46.9%), followed by amino acids (22.6%), multivitamins (20.7%) and creatine (18.8%). Overall, the most important reasons for using supplements were increasing strength (52%), increasing energy (37.6%), insufficient nutrition (32.4%) and increase durability (32.4%). Trainers were the most common source of information for both groups and overall (33.5%), followed by gym friends for the gym attendants and pharmacies for the team sport athletes (30.2%).
Conclusion: The prevalence was higher among the gym attendants compared to competitive athletes. This finding is in conflict with the related literature. It might be explained by the low level of competition and athletic performance in North Cyprus. The most popular source of information was trainers in our study and these findings were in compliance with the related literature.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Triphala Oral Spray in Patients Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment- A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Malviya Nishi , Thosar Nilima , Rathi Nilesh , Khubchandani Monika , Meshram V. G. 
Published: January 2022

Background: Malocclusion is one of the most susceptible causes of the development of periodontal diseases and dental caries in young individuals undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. It provides a surface area for the accumulation of food particles, which further leads to plaque formation. Various mechanical and chemical aids are used regularly to decrease the microbial load and accumulation of plaque. Chemical adjuncts such as chlorhexidine mouthwash are widely used as antimicrobial agents that have significant efficacy against oral Streptococci and Actinomyces species. Herbal agents have replaced conventional medications due to the development of antibiotic resistance. Among herbal medicaments, Triphala is the well-known drug formulation that can be used as an adjuvant for commercially available chemical aid. Chlorhexidine mouth wash requires the assistance of the caregivers. Therefore, there is a need for a newer modality to maintain oral hygiene in patients undertaking orthodontic corrections.
Objectives: 1. To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of Triphala oral spray on Streptococcus mutants levels in children undergoing orthodontic treatment. 2. To evaluate the efficacy of Triphala oral spray in reducing dental plaque in children undergoing orthodontic treatment. 3. To evaluate the efficacy of Triphala oral spray reducing gingivitis in children undergoing orthodontic treatment.
Methodology: A randomized control trial will be done among – participants with the age group of 10 to 15 years of age. A total of 25 children were included in the study. The participants will be told to use the spray two times a day for one week. After 7 days, plaque index and the gingival index will be re-recorded, and plaque samples will be collected for post-intervention microbial analysis.
Results: Triphala-based oral spray will effectively reduce plaque score, reduce gingival inflammation, and show inhibitory effects on microbial count.
Conclusion: Triphala oral spray can be used as an adjuvant by the orthodontic patients for reduction of the microbial load. It also provides better acceptability by the children as it does not require any assistance of the caregivers.
Microbiological Characteristics and Heavy Metal Pollution of Crude Oil Contaminated Water Bodies in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Taye Precious Popoola, , Ogbonna David. N. , Williams J. O. 
Published: January 2022

Crude oil exploration has been beneficial to our economy but detrimental to our environment with the artisanal refineries further compounding the challenge. This research was aimed at investigating the microbiology and heavy metal pollution of three crude oil polluted rivers in Rivers State, Nigeria and effects on living organisms inhabiting that environment. This study was carried out in three locations in South-South Nigeria (Eagle Island, Iwofe and Chokocho rivers). A total of 64 water samples (upstream and downstream points) were collected using appropriate containers and sterile polyethene bags for 6 crab samples for a period of three months. Water and crab samples were analyzed for heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric method while microbiological analysis involved isolation and enumeration of microbial populations of the water and crab samples as well as characterization and identification of the isolates using standard methods Results showed Total Heterotrophic bacteria (THB) ranged from 6.0 × 106 cfu/ml to 9.0 × 108cfu/ml for the downstream locations and 1.7 × 106cfu/ml to 3.5 × 107cfu/ml for the upstream locations. Total Heterotrophic Fungi (THF) ranged from 2.0 × 104cfu/ml to 1.1 × 105cfu/ml for downstream locations and 0.1 × 104cfu/ml to 4.0 × 104cfu/ml for upstream locations, Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria (HUB) ranged from 0.8 × 103cfu/ml to 4.0 × 103cfu/ml in downstream locations and 2.0 × 103cfu/ml to 7.4 × 103cfu/ml in upstream locations, Hydrocarbon Utilizing Fungi (HUF) ranged from 1.0 × 103cfu/ml to 6.0 × 103cfu/ml for downstream locations and 5.0 × 102cfu/ml to 8.0 × 103cfu/ml for upstream locations. The bacteria identified biochemically included Serratia sp., Enterobacter sp. and Salmonella sp. for the crab samples and Bacillus sp. was dominant in the water samples (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus carboniphilus). The heavy metals (Fe, Ni, Zn, Cd, Cu, Mn, Cr and Pb) were below the DPR permissible limit but are likely to increase since the activities leading to pollution are still ongoing. The crab as a filter feeder, had higher concentration of heavy metals and microbial population and the location with the highest crude oil pollution (14.5mg/l) had the lowest THB (6.0 × 106cfu/ml) as physicochemical parameters like the amount of Dissolved Oxygen had been altered.
Large‐scale fire management restores grassland bird richness for a private lands ecoregion
Authors: Roberts Caleb P. , Scholtz Rheinhardt , Fogarty Dillon T. , Twidwell Dirac , Walker Thomas L. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Of all terrestrial biomes, grasslands are losing the most biodiversity the most rapidly, so there is a critical need to document and learn from large‐scale restoration successes.

In the Loess Canyons ecoregion of the Great Plains, USA, an association of private ranchers and natural resource agencies has led a multi‐decadal, ecoregion‐scale initiative to combat the loss of grasslands to woody plant encroachment by restoring large‐scale fire regimes. Here, we use 14 years of fire treatment history with 6 years of grassland bird monitoring and remotely sensed tree cover data across 136,767 ha of privately owned grassland to quantify outcomes of large‐scale grassland restoration efforts.

Grassland bird richness increased across 65% (90,032 ha) of the Loess Canyons, and woody plant cover decreased up to 55% across 25% (7408 ha) of all fire‐treated areas.

This was accomplished with extreme fire treatments that killed mature trees, were large (mean annual area burned was 3100 ha), spatially clustered and straddled boundaries between invasive woodlands and remaining grasslands – not heavily infested woodlands.

Findings from this study provide the first evidence of human management reversing the impacts of woody encroachment on grassland birds at an ecoregion scale.
Agon
Authors: Aneziri Sophia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTheagonwas a permanent feature of ancient Greek life. Competition and rivalry mobilized various mechanisms that contributed to the formation and development of the Greek city‐state and its society. Theagonfound its main manifestation in athletic, hippic, musical, and dramatic contests (agones), which were an integral part of many Greek festivals and thus part of the cult of gods or deified mortals. The contests had interesting organizational and economic aspects. Furthermore, they offered tools for displaying honor and prestige both to the organizers and the participants.
Seneca the Elder (Lucius Annaeus Seneca)
Authors: Mannering Jonathan E. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Seneca the Elder was born in Spain in the mid‐first century
bce
. His extant writings are one of the primary sources on declamation, a rhetorical exercise that came to flourish as an oral and literary genre in its own right in the late Roman Republic and early Empire and influenced future generations of Latin authors.
Seneca the Younger (Lucius Annaeus Seneca)
Authors: Ramelli Ilaria L. E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLucius Annaeus Seneca the Younger (ca. 4bce–65ce) is one of the foremost exponents of imperial Stoicism. His life, thought, and works will be briefly examined – also in light of recent research, for instance regarding his theological ideas and his stance toward allegoresis, slavery, and Judaism.