bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of physical activity and feed and water restriction at reimplanting time on feed intake patterns, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of finishing beef steers
Authors: Helmuth Cory L , Woerner Dale R , Ballou Michael A , Manahan Jeff L , Coppin Carley M , Long Nathan S , Hoffman Ashley A , Young James Daniel , Smock Taylor M , Hales Kristin E 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the feedlot, there can be a decrease in dry matter intake (DMI) associated with reimplanting cattle that negatively affects growth performance. This study was conducted to determine the mechanisms causing a decrease in DMI after reimplanting and identify a strategy to mitigate the decrease. Crossbred steers (n = 200; 10 pens/treatment; initial bodyweight [BW] = 386 ± 4.9 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design experiment. Cattle were implanted with Revalor-IS on day 0. Treatments included a Revalor-200 implant on day 90 before feeding with the following management practices imposed: 1) steers were returned to their home pen immediately after reimplant (PCON); 2) steers were placed in pens and restricted from feed and water for 4 h (RES); 3) steers were walked an additional 805 m after reimplant and then returned home (LOC); 4) steers were restricted from feed and water for 4 h and walked an additional 805 m (RES + LOC); 5) steers were given an oral bolus of Megasphaera elsdenii (Lactipro; MS Biotec, Wamego, KS) and were restricted from feed and water for 4 h, and then walked an additional 805 m (LACT). One hundred steers were given an ear tag to record minutes of activity (ESense Flex Tags, Allflex Livestock Intelligence, Madison, WI). As a percentage of BW, DMI was 5% greater (P = 0.01) from reimplant to end for PCON vs. RES, LOC, and RES + LOC treatments. Likewise, as a percentage of BW, DMI was 6.6% greater (P = 0.03) from reimplant to end and 4.0% greater (P = 0.05) overall for the PCON treatment vs. the LOC treatment. Overall, DMI as a percentage of BW was 3.3% greater (P = 0.02) for PCON vs. RES, LOC, and RES + LOC treatments. There was an increase in G:F from reimplant to end (P = 0.05) for RES + LOC vs. the LACT treatment. From these data, we conclude that restricting cattle from feed and water for 4 h after reimplanting did not alter subsequent DMI. Increasing locomotion had the greatest negative effect on DMI and growth performance. Management strategies to decrease locomotion associated with reimplanting would be beneficial to DMI and overall growth performance of finishing beef steers.
Pediatric asthma in developing countries: challenges and future directions
Authors: Trikamjee Thulja , Comberiati Pasquale , Peter Jonny 
Published: January 2022

Purpose of review
Asthma continues to be a significant health problem worldwide, and epidemiological studies in the last few decades have consistently shown a marked increase in childhood asthma prevalence. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) showed significant geographic variability in prevalence, and larger associations with morbidity and mortality in low-middle income countries (LMICs). The Global Burden of Disease estimated that 420,000 deaths occurred globally from asthma in 2016, and although asthma prevalence is higher in high-income countries, most asthma-related mortality occurs in LMICs. The general health of a population is measured, in part, by the under-5 childhood death rate, and developing countries still account for more than 80 percentage of child deaths in the world, highlighting the need for efforts to reduce disease burden in these regions.

Recent findings
The burden of asthma is higher in developing countries and underserved populations. Despite this, LMICs still face many barriers to appropriate allergy and asthma care, resulting in significant morbidity, potentially preventable asthma deaths, and economic consequences. A 2017 survey of 112 countries participating in the Global Asthma Network found that only 26 countries (23%) had a national asthma plan for children, with a lower proportion in LMICs.

Summary
The rising asthma prevalence and high asthma-related death rates in LMICs suggest that global efforts in improving asthma diagnosis and care are not reaching the most vulnerable communities. Lack of appropriate diagnosis, availability of viable treatment options, and access to specialised care still remain a challenge in many parts of the world. Though barriers to achieving better outcomes differ in specific populations, many LMICs share similar barriers relating to accessibility.
Dual-energy computed tomography in crystalline arthritis: knowns and unknowns
Authors: Pascart Tristan , Budzik Jean-François 
Published: January 2022

Purpose of review
To give an overview of what can reasonably be considered as known about dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) in crystal-related arthropathies, and what still needs to be explored.

Recent findings
Recent studies suggest an overall superiority of DECT over ultrasound in gout in terms of sensitivity (89 vs. 84%) and specificity (91 vs. 84%), except in early disease. Additional studies are needed to optimize DECT postprocessing settings in order to improve the specificity of the technique and eliminate all artifacts. Evidence has been controversial concerning DECT's ability to detect monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposits on vessel walls, or whether or not MSU-coded plaques are artifacts. DECT can be used to monitor MSU crystal depletion during urate-lowering treatment; MSU crystal volume is associated with cardiovascular risk and disease activity. There are some reports on calcium-containing crystal deposition diseases (calcium pyrophosphate and basic calcium phosphate) demonstrating that DECT can characterize and discriminate between the different types of crystals.

Summary
Our knowledge about the use of DECT in crystal-related arthropathies continues to expand. Some unknowns have been clarified but there's still lots to learn, particularly concerning gout management and the potential use of DECT in calcium-containing crystal-related arthropathies.
Complications of Elongating Intramedullary Rods in the Treatment of Lower Extremity Fractures for Osteogenesis Imperfecta: A Meta-Analysis of 594 Patients in 40 Years
Authors: Yong Bicheng , De Wouters Solange , Howard Andrew 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Osteogenesis imperfecta is a collagen mutation-related disease characterized by bone fragility and other extraskeletal manifestations. Intramedullary fixation for deformity correction or fracture is the standard care. Elongating rods are designed to accommodate growth, with the aim of preventing additional operations and/or complications associated with nonelongating rods. Although elongating rods have been in use for many years, estimates of the clinical outcomes vary. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize the literature on outcomes of elongating rods and nonelongating rods. Meta-analysis was used to compare the complication rates and reoperation rates.

Methods:
We conducted the literature search, systematic review, and meta-analysis in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Comparative cohort studies and large case series detailing complication rates and reoperation rates of elongating and nonelongating rods were included. Random effect models were used to summarize the complication rates and reoperation rates of intramedullary rod procedures.

Results:
A total of 397 studies were identified and 24 studies were included in the final cohort. Compared with rates from nonelongating rods, osteogenesis imperfecta Patients using elongating rods had a complication rate of 61% and a reoperation rate of 78%. Reoperation rates dropped with succeeding generations of elongating rods. Pooling data from 600 patients, we identified a 9% complication rate per rod per follow up year and 5% reoperation rate per rod and per follow up year in the cohort of elongating rod fixation. The Bailey-Dubow rod had the highest complication rate per rod per follow up year (12%), largely because of its T piece relate problems. The most popular fixator Fassier-Duval rod had a complication rate per rod per follow up year of 9%. About 68% of complications were mechanical-biological related.

Conclusion:
Pooling data from published literature demonstrates the advantage of elongating rods over nonelongating rods. However, as high as 9% complication rate per rod per follow up year was associated with elongating fixation. Notably, most complications are both mechanical and biological related.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Sublaminar Tethers Significantly Reduce the Risk of Proximal Junctional Failure in Surgery for Severe Adult Spinal Deformity
Authors: Yagi Mitsuru , Suzuki Satoshi , Okada Eijiro , Nori Satoshi , Tsuji Osahiko , Nagoshi Narihito , Nakamura Masaya , Matsumoto Morio , Watanabe Kota 
Published: January 2022

Study Design:
This was a retrospective case series of prospectively collected data.

Objective:
The present study first described the effect of sublaminar tethering (SLT) on proximal junctional failure (PJF) in adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery.

Summary of Background Data:
PJF is a devastating complication following ASD surgery. Teriparatide administration and spinous process tethering have been reported as alternatives for the prevention of PJF, but a clinically effective prevention strategy is still a matter of debate.

Materials and Methods:
We used data from an ASD database that included 381 patients with ASD (minimum 2-y follow-up). Among them, the data of patients who had a severe sagittal deformity and had surgery from the lower thoracic spine (T9–T11) to the pelvis were extracted and propensity score matched by age, sex, body mass index, bone mineral density, curve type, sagittal alignment, and fused level to clarify whether SLT prevented the development of PJF [SLT vs. control (CTR); age: 67±7 vs. 66±8 y, T-score: −1.4±0.7 vs. −1.3±0.6, body mass index: 22±4 vs. 22±5 kg/m2, C7 sagittal vertical axis (C7SVA): 12±7 vs. 11±5 cm, pelvic incidence−lumbar lordosis (PI−LL): 51±22 vs. 49±21 degrees, pelvic tilt (PT): 36±10 vs. 34±10 degrees, level fused: 11±2 vs. 11±2]. Sixty-four patients were matched into 32 pairs and compared in terms of the postoperative alignment and frequency of PJF.

Results:
Two years postoperatively, C7SVA and PT were significantly larger in the CTR group, while no significant difference in PI−LL was found (C7SVA: 3±3 vs. 6±4 cm, P<0.01, PT: 16±6 vs. 24±9 degrees, P<0.01, PI−LL: 7±9 vs. 11±11 degrees, P=0.22). The proximal junctional angle was significantly greater in the CTR group (proximal junctional kyphosis: 8±8 vs. 17±13 degrees, P<0.01). The incidence of PJF was significantly lower in the SLT group (3% vs. 25%, P=0.03), with an odds ratio of 0.1 (95% confidence interval: 0.0–0.8, P=0.03).

Conclusion:
In the propensity score–matched cohort, the incidence of PJF was significantly lower in the SLT group. SLT is a promising procedure that may reduce the risk of PJF in severe ASD surgery.
A Patient-specific Approach to Alignment and Proximal Junctional Kyphosis Risk Assessment in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery
Authors: Hills Jeffrey M. , Weisenthal Benjamin M. , Wanner John P. , Gupta Rishabh , Steinle Anthony , Pennings Jacquelyn S. , Stephens Byron F. 
Published: January 2022

Study Design:
This was a single-institution, retrospective cohort study.

Objective:
We aimed to develop a predictive model for proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) severity that considers multiple preoperative variables and modifiable surgical alignment.

Summary of Background Data:
PJK is a common complication following adult deformity surgery. Current alignment targets account for age and pelvic incidence but not other risk factors.

Materials and Methods:
This is a single-institution, retrospective cohort study of adult deformity patients with a minimum 2-year follow-up undergoing instrumented fusion between 2009 and 2018. A proportional odds regression model was fit to estimate PJK probability and Hart-International Spine Study Group (ISSG) PJK severity score. Predictors included preoperative Charlson Comorbidity Index, vertebral Hounsfield Units near the upper instrumented vertebrae, pelvic incidence, T1-pelvic angle, and postoperative L1–L4 and L4–S1 lordosis. Predictor effects were assessed using adjusted odds ratios and a nomogram constructed for estimating PJK probability. Bootstrap resampling was used for internal validation.

Results:
Of 145 patients, 47 (32%) developed PJK. The median PJK severity score was 6 (interquartile range, 4–7.5). After adjusting for predictors, Charlson Comorbidity Index, Hounsfield Units, preoperative T1-pelvic angle, and postoperative L1–L4 and L4–S1 lordosis were significantly associated with PJK severity (P<0.05). After adjusting for potential overfitting, the model showed acceptable discrimination [C-statistic (area under the curve)=0.75] and accuracy (Brier score=0.10).

Conclusions:
We developed a model to predict PJK probability, adjusted for preoperative alignment, comorbidity burden, vertebral bone density, and modifiable postoperative L1–L4 and L4–S1 lordosis. This approach may help surgeons assess the patient-specific risk of developing PJK and provide a framework for future predictive models assessing PJK risk after adult deformity surgery.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Beyond criminalization: reconsidering HIV criminalization in an era of reform
Authors: Hoppe Trevor , McClelland Alexander , Pass Kenneth 
Published: January 2022

Purpose of review
This paper reviews recent studies examining the application of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific criminal laws in North America (particularly the United States and Canada). In the wake of the development of new biomedical prevention strategies, many states in the United States (US) have recently begun to reform or repeal their HIV-specific laws. These findings can help inform efforts to ‘modernize’ HIV laws (or, to revise in ways that reflect recent scientific advances in HIV treatment and prevention).

Recent findings
Recent studies suggest that HIV-specific laws disproportionately impact Black men, white women, and Black women. The media sensationally covers criminal trials under these laws, especially when they involve Black defendants who they often describe in racialized terms as predators. Activists contest these laws and raise concerns about new phylogenetic HIV surveillance techniques that have the potential to be harnessed for law enforcement purposes.

Summary
These findings collectively raise urgent concerns for the continued use of HIV-specific criminal laws. These policies disproportionately impact marginalized groups – particularly Black men. Media coverage of these cases often helps to spread misinformation and stigmatizing rhetoric about people living with HIV and promulgate racist stereotypes. Although well-intentioned, new phylogenetic HIV surveillance technologies have the potential to exacerbate these issues if law enforcement is able to gain access to these public health tools.
Activity restriction and preterm birth prevention
Authors: Nuss Emily E. , Sciscione Anthony C. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose of review
Since the 1900s, activity restriction (AR) has been widely prescribed as a strategy for preventing preterm birth (PTB). Over the past decade, the practice has been called into question as numerous studies have demonstrated that AR does not improve obstetrical and perinatal outcomes but does confer significant physical and psychological risks. The purpose of this review is to offer clinicians a summary of the latest data on the risks, benefits, and efficacy of AR for the prevention of PTB.

Recent findings
Both retrospective and prospective studies have demonstrated that AR does not significantly prolong pregnancy including those with multiple gestations, short cervices, ruptured membranes, and increased body mass indexes. Several studies have also shown that physical activity during pregnancy is associated with a higher incidence of vaginal delivery, a lower incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus, and a lower incidence of hypertensive disorders without increasing the risk of adverse neonatal outcomes.

Summary
The culmination of these data led to the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicines’ release of an updated committee recommendation in August of 2020; AR should not be routinely prescribed as a treatment to prevent PTB.
Low sexual function is associated with menopausal status in mid-aged women with human immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: Mezones-Holguín Edward , Arriola-Montenegro José , Cutimanco-Pacheco Víctor , Al-kassab-Córdova Ali , Niño-García Roberto , Zeta Ludwing A. , Urrunaga-Pastor Diego , Blümel Juan E. , Chedraui Peter , Pérez-López Faustino R. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective:
To assess the association between menopausal status and female sexual function among mid-aged women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.

Methods:
We carried out a cross-sectional study of 221 sexually active HIV-infected women ages 40 to 59 years, based on a secondary analysis of a three-hospital survey in Lima, Perú. We classified menopausal status according to Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop criteria (STRAW+10); this exposure variable was categorized as binary (non-postmenopausal and postmenopausal) and—for exploratory analysis—as multinomial (pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal). We defined low sexual function (LSF) using the 6-item Female Sexual Function Index (total score ≤19). Socio-demographic and clinical variables were assessed, including age, used highly active antiretroviral therapy scheme, disease duration, depressive symptoms, and co-morbidities. We performed Poisson generalized linear models with a robust variance to estimate 95% confidence interval (CI), crude prevalence ratios (cPRs), and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) by epidemiological and statistical approaches using nonparametric method of bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrap resampling with 1,000 repetitions.

Results:
Studied women had a median age of 47.0 years (interquartile range: 7.5); 25.3% were premenopausal, 25.8% were perimenopausal, and 48.9% were postmenopausal. Also, 64.3% had LSF. The frequency of LSF was 53.6% in non-postmenopausal and 75.0% in postmenopausal women. Postmenopausal status was associated with LSF in both the crude (cPR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.13-1.71) and the adjusted regression models (aPR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.12-1.71).

Conclusions:
HIV-infected postmenopausal women have a higher prevalence of LSF than those non-postmenopausal ones, even when adjusting for multiple potential confounders.
NT-pro B-type natriuretic peptide, early menopause, and incident heart failure in postmenopausal women of the ARIC study
Authors: Ebong Imo A. , Wilson Machelle D. , Chang Patricia , Appiah Duke , Polonsky Tamar , Ballantyne Christie , Bertoni Alain G. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective:
N-Terminal pro B-type Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP), a biomarker of heart failure (HF) has been associated with early menopause. We evaluated the modifying role of early menopause on the association of NT-proBNP with incident HF, and separately for HF subtypes, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

Methods:
We included 4,352 postmenopausal women including 1,174 with early menopause, ages 63.5 ± 5.5 years, without prevalent HF at the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study Visit 4. Binary log-transformation was performed for NT-proBNP. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association of NT-proBNP with incident HF, and separately for incident HFpEF and incident HFrEF, testing for effect modification by early menopause and adjusting for HF risk factors.

Results:
We observed 881 HF events over a mean follow-up of 16.5 years. The interaction terms of NT-proBNP and early menopause were not significant for incident HF (P
interaction
0.95) and incident HFpEF (P
interaction
0.17) but were significant for incident HFrEF (P
interaction
0.03). The adjusted hazard ratios resulting from each doubling of NT-proBNP levels amongst women with and without early menopause were 1.33 (1.20-1.47) and 1.34 (1.24-1.44), respectively, for incident HF; 1.57 (1.34-1.86) and 1.38 (1.24-1.54), respectively, for incident HFpEF; and 1.68 (1.42-1.99) and 1.36 (1.22-1.52), respectively, for incident HFrEF.

Conclusions:
The association of NT-proBNP with incident HFpEF is similar irrespective of early menopause status. However, the association of NT-proBNP with incident HFrEF is greater among women with early menopause when compared to those without early menopause.

Video Summary:

http://links.lww.com/MENO/A893.
Resilience and psychosocial factors linked to symptom experience during the menopause transition for women living with HIV*
Authors: King Elizabeth M. , Kaida Angela , Prior Jerilynn , Albert Arianne , Frank Peggy , Abdul-Noor Rahma , Kwaramba Gladys , Gormley Rebecca , de Pokomandy Alexandra , Loutfy Mona , Murray Melanie C. M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective:
Women living with HIV (WLWH) are commonly symptomatic during perimenopause and menopause (≥1 y without menstruation), however, little is known of risks for symptoms and their timing. We analyzed these unwanted experiences to inform care.

Methods:
WLWH (≥40 y) in the Canadian HIV Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Health Cohort Study rated midlife experiences for seven symptoms and a symptom composite (from 0 to 21). Timing was categorized into four phases: i) perimenopause (flow in the last year), ii) 1-2 years from final menstrual period (FMP), iii) 2-5 years post-FMP; and iv) >5 years post-FMP. Resilience (standardized out of 100) was assessed based on Wagnild’s Resilience Scale. Univariable/multivariable mixed effects linear regression assessed correlates of symptom intensity by composite score.

Results:
Among 457 peri-/menopausal women mean age 54.7 (±6.6) over two time points (703 observations), 88% experienced ≥1 mild symptom; 75% were of moderate and 55% severe intensity. The most frequently reported symptoms were joint/muscle stiffness (67%), depressed mood (67%), and hot flashes (57%). After adjusting for reproductive phase, we found that women with greater resilience had fewer/lower intensity symptoms (symptom score 1.37 [2.30 to 0.44] lower; P = 0.004); those with depressive symptoms and recreational drug use (respectively) had more/higher intensity symptoms (scores 1.71 [0.61 to 2.82] [P = 0.002]; 2.89 [2.09 to 3.77] [P<0.001] higher). Symptoms were most intense in perimenopause and declined with increasing menopausal years (P = 0.03).

Conclusions:
WLWH experiences a high burden of midlife symptoms, decreased by resilience and most intense during perimenopause. Unwanted experiences were linked to psychosocial and behavioral factors. These data encourage HIV providers to adopt a bio-psychosocial approach to midlife management.