bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the Cancer and Aging Research Group score and treatment intensity on survival and toxicity outcomes in older adults with advanced noncolorectal gastrointestinal cancers
Authors: Nishijima Tomohiro F. , Deal Allison M. , Williams Grant R. , Sanoff Hanna K. , Nyrop Kirsten A. , Muss Hyman B. 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundLittle is known regarding the predictive value of the Cancer and Aging Research Group (CARG) score, a validated chemotherapy toxicity prediction tool for older adults with cancer, for survival outcomes.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study of patients ≥65 years old receiving first‐line chemotherapy for advanced noncolorectal gastrointestinal cancer for which combination chemotherapy is the standard of care. Overall survival (OS), time to treatment failure (TTF), which was defined as the time from the start of first‐line chemotherapy to the discontinuation of first‐line chemotherapy for any reason, and toxicity were compared in 4 groups of patients: 1) non–high‐risk (nHR) CARG score (<10) and standard‐intensity therapy (ST), 2) nHR score and reduced‐intensity therapy (RT), 3) high‐risk (HR) CARG score (≥10) and ST, and 4) HR score and RT.ResultsFifty patients (median age, 71 years) were enrolled. The median OS in months was 19.7 in nHR/ST (n = 19) group, 12.7 in nHR/RT (n = 9) group, 4.5 in HR/ST (n = 12) group, and 3.9 in HR/RT (n = 10) group (log‐rank test, P = .005). The median TTF in months was 9.1 in nHR/ST group, 2.5 in nHR/RT group, 2.3 in HR/ST group, and 3.0 in HR/RT group (log‐rank test, P = .04). The CARG‐score category was prognostic of OS (HR, 3.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.59‐5.83, P = .001) and TTF (HR, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.31‐5.20, P = .007). The incidence of grade 3‐5 toxicity was 68% in nHR/ST group, 33% in nHR/RT group, 92% in HR/ST group, and 70% in HR/RT group (Fisher exact test, P = .048).ConclusionsRisk‐adapted chemotherapy based on the CARG‐score may improve treatment outcomes.
Energy efficient and delay aware clustering in mobile adhoc network: A hybrid fruit fly optimization algorithm and whale optimization algorithm approach
Authors: Saminathan Karunakaran , Thangavel Renukadevi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe energy efficient and delay are the two important optimization issues in the mobile adhoc network (MANET), where the nodes move randomly at any direction with limited battery life, resulting in occasional change of network topology. In this article, a hybrid fruit fly optimization algorithm and whale optimization algorithm (FOA‐WOA) is proposed for energy efficient with delay aware cluster head (CH) selection. The major objective of the proposed method is “to solve the problems of energy efficient with delay and develop a clustering mechanism”. The performance of the hybrid FOA‐WOA is evaluated based on packet delivery ratio (PDR), delay, energy consumption, and throughput. Moreover, the proposed method is analyzed with two existing algorithms, like ant colony optimization (ACO) and genetic algorithm (GA). The experimental results show that the proposed method attains 11.6% better than ACO and 1.8% better than GA based on packet delivery ratio, 57.6% better than ACO and 27.3% better than GA based on delay and 15.3% better than ACO and 36.4% better than GA based on energy consumption.
A blind robust color image watermarking method based on discrete wavelet transform and discrete cosine transform using grayscale watermark image
Authors: Gul Ertugrul 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWith the rapid development of internet technology, digital images are easily accessed and tampered by unauthorized users. Therefore, copyright of color images has become an important challenge in nowadays. Robust color image watermarking methods have emerged to provide copyright. However, robust watermarking methods must satisfy the requirements such as robustness, imperceptibility, capacity, and security. Therefore, researchers are focused on methods using grayscale watermark instead of the binary watermark to increase capacity. Grayscale watermark based robust color image watermarking methods are mostly semi‐blind and non‐blind. However, these methods have limited utilization areas since the original image, original watermark, or side information is required. To address these drawbacks, we propose a blind robust color image watermarking method using grayscale watermark. In the proposed watermark embedding procedure, one‐level discrete wavelet transform is performed on the Cb color component. Then, scrambled watermark pixels are hidden into coefficients of discrete cosine transform (DCT) matrices of LL subband by using dividing‐based new watermark embedding formula. In the watermark extracting procedure, watermark pixels are extracted from coefficients of DCT matrices by using dividing‐based extracting formula. The performance is demonstrated against various attacks and experimental results indicate that the presented method ensures robustness while preserving imperceptibility.
Introducing a New d0 Sc3+ Asymmetric Ion for Functional Materials: Large Birefringence Enhancement by ScO6 in Ba3Sc2(BO3)4
Authors: Zhou Jingfang , Li Rukang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTransition metal ions with d0 electronic states (Ti4+, Zr4+, Nb5+ and Ta5+) are widely investigated as functional materials. This work first illustrates that Sc3+ ion, long‐time ignored, displays a second‐order Jahn‐Teller (SOJT) effect similar to asymmetric oxide‐coordinated transition metal ions, thus providing a new ground to seek for asymmetric functional materials with enhanced performances. In Ba3Sc2(BO3)4, BO3 groups are parallelly arranged, satisfying the ideal arrangement to produce large birefringence. Importantly, distorted octahedral ScO6 with Sc3+ ion in its d0 electronic state enlarges birefringence unexpectedly up to 0.149 @ 550 nm, which is larger than previously reported borates containing solely BO3, even to B3O6 units. Subsequently, the SOJT influence of distorted ScO6 octahedra on birefringence is verified by a comparison between experimental data and theoretical calculations. In addition, Ba3Sc2(BO3)4 also displays a high transmittance in the range of 230 nm–3.5 μm with a UV cut‐off wavelength at 198 nm and a large laser induced damage threshold (2.7 GW/cm2), comparable to α‐BaB2O4. Above characteristics imply that the title compound may be a promising birefringent material.
Adolescent chronic unpredictable stress causes a bias in goal‐directed behavior and distinctively changes the expression of NMDA and dopamine receptors in the dorsomedial and dorsolateral striatum in male rats
Authors: Wu Chao , Zheng Wei , Jia Xiaohua , Li Yonghui , Shen Fang , Haghparast Abbas , Liang Jing , Sui Nan , Zhang Jian‐Jun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe distinct preferences between goal‐directed and habit‐directed behaviors involve numerous neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Chronic stress during adulthood biases behavior toward habit‐oriented strategies. However, it remains to be studied how adolescence, as a stage in which brain regions are still undergoing development, suffering stress will affect this preference. Here, we exposed rats to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) at PND 21 to PND 33 and PND 34 to PND 47 to examine its effect on sugar pellet‐based instrumental behavior in adulthood. We showed that rats exposed to CUS in middle adolescence had a biased goal‐directed strategy rather than a habit‐oriented strategy in adulthood, whereas CUS exposure in early adolescence did not have this effect. Moreover, middle adolescent CUS caused the downregulation of the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor subtype 2 B (NR2B) in the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) rather than in the dorsomedial striatum (DMS), whereas no change was observed in NR2A or the dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) or the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) in the DLS. Together, these findings suggest that CUS in middle adolescence inhibits habitual behavior in adulthood and downregulates the expression of NR2B in DLS, providing new evidence to understand the molecular mechanisms of abnormal habitual behaviors induced by adolescent stress.
Sensitization of depressive‐like behavior is attenuated by disruption of prostaglandin synthesis days following brief early attachment‐figure isolation
Authors: Hennessy Michael B. , Miller John A. , Carter Kendra A. , Molina Andrea L. , Schiml Patricia A. , Deak Terrence 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChildhood psychological trauma appears to sensitize stress‐related neuroinflammatory systems to increase later vulnerability for depression and other stress‐related mental disorders. Isolation of guinea pig pups from the maternal attachment figure for 3 h in threatening surroundings leads to a sensitization of inflammatory‐mediated, depressive‐like behavior and fever during later isolations. A previous study found the non‐selective COX inhibitor naproxen administered before the initial isolation moderated depressive‐like behavior and its sensitization. Here, we examined effects of naproxen given following early isolation. Male and female guinea pig pups surgically implanted with telemetry devices to measure core temperature were isolated for 3 h on 2 consecutive days near weaning (first isolation Day 20–24). Several days later, they began 4 consecutive days of injection with either saline vehicle or 10 or 20 mg/kg naproxen prior to a third isolation in early adolescence, that is, 10 days after their first isolation. Across the first two isolations, depressive‐like behavior and fever sensitized. Both doses of naproxen attenuated depressive‐like behavior during the third isolation. Fever was unaffected. Results suggest prostaglandin mediation of sensitization of depressive‐like behavioral, but not febrile, responses to subsequent isolation. Findings also support further study of anti‐inflammatory treatments to mitigate lasting consequences of early‐attachment disruption.
Evaluation of decontamination procedures for drug testing in undamaged versus damaged hair
Authors: Ramírez Fernández María del Mar , Wille Sarah M. R. , Yegles Michel , Samyn Nele 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlthough substances incorporated by ingestion are strongly bound to hair, their loss may occur if aggressive decontamination procedures are applied, especially in highly damaged/porous hair. Evaluation of cleaning procedures using hair samples with different porosity obtained from ethanol or drug users (cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, methadone, fentanyl, tramadol, diazepam, buprenorphine, dihydrocodeine, citalopram and trazodone). The effect of washing time and multiple wash steps with water and methanol were evaluated. Hair samples (n = 16) were selected and evaluated according to (a) the drug pattern consumption, (b) available amount, and (c) hair porosity (c1 ‘cosmetic treatment’, c2: storage time). Six of them were soaked with an aqueous deuterated analogue solution. The samples were cut in 1‐cm segments and homogenized. All hair samples were then decontaminated one or six times with 1.5 ml of water or methanol during 1, 5, 15, 30, 60 and/or 90 min (n = 1 to 3/sample, depending on the available amount of hair). Hair extracts were then cleaned up via a solid‐phase extraction (SPE) or liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), while the washes were evaporated to dryness. All were thereafter reconstituted and analysed with routine ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) methods. Although concentrations of parent drugs and/or metabolites presented a negative trend along the washing time with methanol (up to 80%), the compounds were relatively well retained in hair even after a 90 min wash (with methanol or water) in most samples, and their retention would depend mostly on the hair nature rather than their physicochemical properties (whether incorporated by ingestion and/or from external contamination). Moreover, parent drugs and/or metabolites were detected in the washes in most samples, and the ratio between hair and washes decreased along the washing time. More than 50% of the deuterated analogues soaked into hair were still present after the different washing steps. Losses were observed more frequently for long‐term stored hair samples, after decontamination with methanol for more than 30 min. Therefore, prolonged or repeated cleaning with methanol should be avoided in general procedures.
Disruption of Trip11 in cranial neural crest cells is associated with increased ER and Golgi stress contributing to skull defects in mice
Authors: Yamaguchi Hiroyuki , Meyer Matthew D. , He Li , Komatsu Yoshihiro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAbsence of Golgi microtubule‐associated protein 210 (GMAP210), encoded by the TRIP11 gene, results in achondrogenesis. Although TRIP11 is thought to be specifically required for chondrogenesis, human fetuses with the mutation of TRIP11 also display bony skull defects where chondrocytes are usually not present. This raises an important question of how TRIP11 functions in bony skull development.ResultsWe disrupted Trip11 in neural crest‐derived cell populations, which are critical for developing skull in mice. In Trip11 mutant skulls, expression levels of ER stress markers were increased compared to controls. Morphological analysis of electron microscopy data revealed swollen ER in Trip11 mutant skulls. Unexpectedly, we also found that Golgi stress increased in Trip11 mutant skulls, suggesting that both ER and Golgi stress‐induced cell death may lead to osteopenia‐like phenotypes in Trip11 mutant skulls. These data suggest that Trip11 plays pivotal roles in the regulation of ER and Golgi stress, which are critical for osteogenic cell survival.ConclusionWe have recently reported that the molecular complex of ciliary protein and GMAP210 is required for collagen trafficking. In this paper, we further characterized the important role of Trip11 being possibly involved in the regulation of ER and Golgi stress during skull development.
Female large odorous frogs (Odorrana graminea) prefer males with higher nonlinear vocal components
Authors: Chen Pan , Wang Jinmei , Miao Junqi , Dong Hao , Bao Jiahui , Wu Yatao , Zhang Fang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn anurans, the complexity of courtship calls may affect female mate choice. The current study suggests that nonlinear phenomena (NLP) components can contribute to increasing complexity in courtship calls and attracting female attention. The results of a recent study showed that calls of large odorous frog (Odorrana graminea) contained NLP components. However, whether the nonlinear components of courtship calls in O. graminea improve male attractiveness remains unknown. We hypothesized that female O. graminea would prefer males producing calls with a higher proportion of NLP components (P‐NLP‐C). To test this hypothesis, we recorded the advertisement calls of 28 males and confirmed that the P‐NLP‐C was significantly positively related to body size. We also measured the body size of natural amplectant males and non‐amplectant males in the field and found that amplectant males had larger body sizes than non‐amplectant males, and the results of two‐choice amplexus experiments similarly revealed a female preference for males with larger body sizes. Additionally, phonotaxis experiments also revealed that females preferred male calls with a high P‐NLP‐C. The results suggest that a higher P‐NLP‐C in calls can enhance male attractiveness, and the P‐NLP‐C may provide key information about male body conditions for female O. graminea. Our study provides a new insight for better understanding the role of NLP in anuran mate selection.
Mono‐Phosphine Metal‐Organic Framework‐Supported Cobalt Catalyst for Efficient Borylation Reactions
Authors: Newar Rajashree , Begum Wahida , Akhtar Naved , Antil Neha , Chauhan Manav , Kumar Ajay , Gupta Poorvi , Malik Jaideep , Balendra  , Manna Kuntal 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe report a metal‐organic framework (MOF) supported monoligated phosphine‐cobalt complex, which is an active heterogeneous catalyst for aromatic C−H borylation and alkene hydroboration. The mono(phosphine)‐Co catalyst (MOF−P−Co) was prepared by metalation of a porous triarylphosphine‐functionalized MOF (MOF−P) with CoCl2 followed by activation with NaEt3BH. The MOF catalyst has a broad substrate scope with excellent functional group tolerance to afford arene‐ and alkyl‐boronate esters in excellent yields and selectivity. MOF−P−Co gave a turnover number (TON) of 30,000 and could be recycled and reused at least 13 times in arene C−H borylation. Importantly, the attempt to prepare the homogeneous control (Ph3P−Co) using triphenylphosphine was unsuccessful due to the facile disproportionation reactions or intermolecular ligand exchanges in the solution. In contrast, the site isolation of the active mono(phosphine)‐Co species within the MOF affords the robust and coordinatively unsaturated metal complexes, allowing to explore their catalytic properties and the reaction mechanism.
A Modular Synthesis of Teraryl‐Based α‐Helix Mimetics, Part 3: Iodophenyltriflate Core Fragments Featuring Side Chains of Proteinogenic Amino Acids
Authors: Trobe Melanie , Vareka Martin , Schreiner Till , Dobrounig Patrick , Doler Carina , Holzinger Ella B. , Steinegger Andreas , Breinbauer Rolf 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTeraryl‐based α‐helix mimetics have proven to be useful compounds for the inhibition of protein‐protein interactions (PPI). We have developed a modular and flexible approach for the synthesis of teraryl‐based α‐helix mimetics using a benzene core unit featuring two leaving groups of differentiated reactivity in the Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling used for teraryl assembly. In previous publications we have introduced the methodology of 4‐iodophenyltriflates decorated with the side chains of some of the proteinogenic amino acids. We herein report the core fragments corresponding to the previously missing amino acids Arg, Asn, Asp, Met, Trp and Tyr. Therefore, our set now encompasses all relevant amino acid analogues with the exception of His. In order to be compatible with the triflate moiety, some of the nucleophilic side chains had to be provided in a protected form to serve as stable building blocks. Additionally, cross‐coupling procedures for the assembly of teraryls were investigated.
XtalFluor‐E Enabled Regioselective Synthesis of Di‐Indole Sulfides by C3−H Sulfenylation of Indoles
Authors: Cironis Nojus , Yuan Kang , Thomas Stephen P. , Ingleson Michael J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA simple, regioselective synthesis of di‐indole sulfides by electrophilic aromatic substitution of the C3‐position of indoles was achieved using Xtalfluor‐E as the sulfenylating reagent. The addition of amine bases was found to have a significant effect on the reaction outcome, with 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) switching off the reactivity of XtalFluor‐E, while the hindered base 2,6‐ditertbutyl‐4‐methylpyridine (DBP) led to the formation of two di‐indole‐sulfur containing products, one S(II) and one S(IV). The optimal base for accessing the di‐indole sulfides in high yield proved to be Hünigs base, EtNiPr2. While this amine formed a Lewis adduct with XtalFluor‐E, adduct formation did not completely quench electrophilic reactivity indicating reversible coordination to the sulfur center. This is the first report utilizing XtalFluor‐E in electrophilic aromatic substitution to form C−S bonds to our knowledge, and this process is applicable to a wide range of functionalized indoles and does not require N1‐protection.
One‐Pot Oxidative Heterofunctionalization of Resorcinolic Cannabinoids to Non‐thiophilic Aminocannabinoquinones
Authors: Caprioglio Diego , Mattoteia Daiana , Muñoz Eduardo , Taglialatela‐Scafati Orazio , Appendino Giovanni 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAminocannabinoquinones are an emerging class of next generation semi‐synthetic cannabinoids exemplified by VCE‐004.8 (1 c), a compound currently in phase 2 development for scleroderma. Aminocannabinoquinones have been so far obtained from resorcinolic cannabinoids by a two‐step protocol involving oxidation to a hydroxyquinone followed by tandem aza‐Michael trapping by a primary amine and in situ reoxidation. To improve this synthesis and to broaden its substrate range, we have capitalized on the dual ability of manganese (III) acetate hydrate (MAH) to act as a one‐electron oxidant for electron‐rich aromatics as well as a Lewis acid promoter for Michael addition. This led to the development of a one‐pot protocol for the oxidative heterofunctionalization of cannabinoids to aminocannabinoquinones suitable for the expeditious generation of libraries. Unlike cannabinoquinones, these amino derivatives are not thiophylic, providing a possible rationalization for the different stability and biological profile of the two classes of compounds.
Modified Separator with Nitrogen‐doped High‐graphitized Carbon for Lithium‐sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wei Benben , Xia Yu , Chen Shaoqing , Wang Hsing‐Lin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSuppressing the shuttling of dissolved lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) is an indispensable strategy to extend the cycling life of lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries. One strategy is absorbing the LiPSs by modifying separator of Li−S batteries. Herein, we show a novel nitrogen‐doped graphitized carbon (NGC) derived from coconut shell, which was annealed by flash Joule heating at ultrahigh temperature within seconds. The NGC was coated on the polypropylene (PP) separator to prepare the modified PP separator, which enabled the Li−S batteries to work stably at 1 C with a low fading rate of 0.09 % from 788 mAh g−1. Microscopy analysis and Raman spectrum reveal that the high‐graphitization carbon with heavily nitrogen‐doping strengthens the adsorption of LiPSs in the charge/discharge process.
Decentralized prediction and reputation approach in vehicular networks
Authors: Najafi Maryam , Khoukhi Lyes , Lemercier Marc 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA vehicle ad‐hoc network (VANET) is an essential component of the intelligent transportation system. In VANET, vehicle‐to‐vehicle communication plays a significant role in providing a secure network and safe exchange of information between nodes. However, VANET is prone to critical risks, threats, and attacks due to its unique characteristics and dynamic topology. Trust is one of the most critical aspects of security. So, this concept has already proved its accuracy and efficiency in various wireless applications. To ensure trust in vehicular communications, we propose a decentralized prediction and reputation approach that includes two models. First, we introduce a reputation model based on the Bayesian theorem and watchdog concept. We investigate the vehicle's behavior in the network to measure the vehicle's trust rate. Then, we present a prediction model to anticipate the vehicle's state and detect malicious vehicles. Based on this approach, vehicles can avoid interacting with unreliable vehicles and ignore incoming messages from them to reduce the effect of malicious nodes in the network. Our extensive simulations show the performance and accuracy of our approach. Also, the certainty rate remains between 91% and 99% regardless of the simulation scenario's duration. This simulation also demonstrates our classification's certainty, even under different network situations.