bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visualization of SpoVAEa protein dynamics in dormant spores of Bacillus cereus and dynamic changes in their germinosomes and SpoVAEa during germination
Authors: Wang Yan , Vischer Norbert O. E. , Wekking Demi , Boggian Alessandra , Setlow Peter , Brul Stanley 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTBacillus cereus spores, like most Bacillus spores, can survive for years, germinate when their surroundings become suitable, and spore germination proteins play an important role in the initiation of germination. Because germinated spores lose dormant spores’ extreme resistance, information on the function of germination proteins could be useful in developing new strategies to control B. cereus spores. Prior work has shown that: i) the channel protein SpoVAEa exhibits high frequency movement in the outer leaflet of the inner membrane (IM) in dormant spores of B. subtilis; ii) the formation of the foci termed the germinosome between two germination proteins, the germinant receptor GerR and the scaffold protein GerD, in developing spores of B. cereus is slower than foci formation by GerR and GerD individually. However, the dynamics of movement of SpoVAEa in B. cereus spores, and the behaviour of the germinosome in B. cereus spore germination are unclear. In this study, we found that SpoVAEa fluorescent foci in dormant spores of B. cereus move on the IM, but slower than in B. subtilis spores, and likely colocalize transiently with GerD-mScarlet-I in the germinosome. Our results further indicate that: i) expression of GerR-SGFP2 and SpoVAEa-SGFP2 with GerD-mScarlet-I from a plasmid leads to more heterogeneity and lower efficiency of spore germination in B. cereus; and ii) germinosome foci observed by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) between GerR-SGFP2 and GerD-mScarlet-I b can be lost soon after the spore phase transition. However this is not always the case, as some GerR-SGFP2 foci and GerD-mScarlet-I foci continued to exist, colocalize, and even show a weak FRET signal. These data highlight the heterogeneous behaviour of spore germination protein complexes and indicate that some complexes may persist well beyond the initiation of germination.IMPORTANCEBacillus cereus is commonly present in soil and does harm to humans via contaminated food. In this study, we used B. cereus spores to investigate the movement of the spore-specific channel protein SpoVAEa, the interaction between SpoVAEa and the germinosome scaffold protein GerD, as well as the dynamics of a number of germination proteins in spore germination. Our results expand upon observations of the interactions between specific B. cereus spore germination proteins, in particular the GerR germinant receptor A, B and C subunits and GerD, as well as between SpoVAEa and GerD. The approaches used in this work could also be used to examine the interactions between GerD and SpoVAEa and other germination proteins in spores of other Bacillus species.
Translation re-initiation after uORFs does not fully protect mRNAs from nonsense-mediated decay
Authors: Russell Paul J. , Slivka Jacob A. , Boyle Elaina P. , Burghes Arthur H. M. , Kearse Michael G. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTIt is estimated that nearly 50% of mammalian transcripts contain at least one upstream open reading frame (uORF), which are typically one to two orders of magnitude smaller than the downstream main ORF. Most uORFs are thought to be inhibitory as they sequester the scanning ribosome, but in some cases allow for translation re-initiation. However, termination in the 5ʹ UTR at the end of uORFs resembles pre-mature termination that is normally sensed by the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway. Translation re-initiation has been proposed as a method for mRNAs to prevent NMD. Here we test how uORF length influences translation re-initiation and mRNA stability in HeLa cells. Using custom 5ʹ UTRs and uORF sequences, we show that re-initiation can occur on heterologous mRNA sequences, favors small uORFs, and is supported when initiation occurs with more initiation factors. After determining reporter mRNA half-lives in HeLa cells and mining available mRNA half-life datasets for cumulative predicted uORF length, we conclude that translation re-initiation after uORFs is not a robust method for mRNAs to prevent NMD. Together, these data suggests that the decision of whether NMD ensues after translating uORFs occurs before re-initiation in mammalian cells.
Mode selection mechanism in traveling and standing waves revealed by Min wave reconstituted in artificial cells
Authors: Takada Sakura , Yoshinaga Natsuhiko , Doi Nobuhide , Fujiwara Kei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractReaction-diffusion coupling (RDc) generates spatiotemporal patterns, including two dynamic wave modes: traveling and standing waves. Although mode selection plays a significant role in the spatiotemporal organization of living cell molecules, the mechanism for selecting each wave mode remains elusive. Here, we investigated a wave mode selection mechanism using Min waves reconstituted in artificial cells, emerged by the RDc of MinD and MinE. Our experiments and theoretical analysis revealed that the balance of membrane binding and dissociation from the membrane of MinD determines the mode selection of the Min wave. We successfully demonstrated that the transition of the wave modes can be regulated by controlling this balance and found hysteresis characteristics in the wave mode transition. These findings highlight a novel role of the balance between activators and inhibitors as a determinant of the mode selection of waves by RDc and depict a novel mechanism in intracellular spatiotemporal pattern formations.TeaserActivator-inhibitor balance determines whether a nonlinear wave in live cells becomes a traveling wave or standing wave.
Longitudinal symptom and clinical outcome analysis of hospitalized COVID-19 patients
Authors: Ziemys Arturas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCOVID-19 pandemics increased patient hospitalization impacting the hospital operations and patient care beyond COVID-19 patients. Although longitudinal symptom analysis may provide prognostic utility about clinical outcomes and critical hospitalization events of COVID-19 patients, such analysis is still missing. Here, we have analyzed over 10,000 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the Houston Methodist Hospital at the Texas Medical Center from the beginning of pandemics till April of 2020. Our study used statistical and regression analysis over symptoms grouped into symptom groups based on their anatomical locations. Symptom intensity analysis indicated that symptoms peaked at the time of admission and subsided within the first week of hospitalization for most of the patients. Patients surviving the infection (n=9,263), had faster remission rates, usually within the first days of hospitalization compared to sustained symptom for the deceased patient group (n=1,042). The latter had also a longer hospitalization stay and more comorbidities including diabetes, cardiovascular, and kidney disease. Inflammation-associated systemic symptoms (Systemic) such as fever and chills, and lower respiratory system specific symptoms (Lower Respiratory System) such as shortness of breath and pneumonia, were the most informative for the analysis of longitudinal symptom dynamics. Our results suggest that the symptom remission rate could possess prognostic utility in evaluating patient hospitalization stay and clinical outcomes early in hospitalization. We believe knowledge and information about symptom remission rates can be used to improve hospital operations and patient care by using common and relatively easy to process source of information.
Two viruses competition in the SIR model of epidemic spread: application to COVID-19
Authors: Ignatov A.M. , Trigger S.A. 
Published: January 2022

The SIR model of the epidemic spread is used for consideration the problem of the competition of two viruses having different contagiousness. It is shown how the more contagious strain replaces over time the less contagious one. In particular the results can be applied to the current situation when the omicron strain appeared in population affected by the delta strain.PACS number(s)02.50.-r, 05.60.-k, 82.39.-k, 87.19.Xx
Sleep late? Pre-reform institutional embeddedness and entrepreneurial reinvestment of private firms in China’s transition economy
Authors: Song Di , Wu Aiqi , Zhong Xiaotong , Yu Shufan 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
This study aims to introduce an important temporal dimension to the research on institution and entrepreneurship in the transition period. This study develops the concept of pre-reform institutional embeddedness, and explores its impact on entrepreneurial reinvestment of private firms in China’s transition economy.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors used secondary data of a nationally representative sample of China’s private firms collected in the early days of the institutional transition period and applied ordinary least squares regressions and the Baron and Kenny approach to test the theoretical model.

Findings
Pre-reform institutional embeddedness has a negative impact on entrepreneurial reinvestment of private firms in the transition period. This relationship is mediated by guanxi-induced employment, such that pre-reform institutional embeddedness promotes guanxi-induced employment, which in turn discourages a private firm to reinvest. Additionally, the negative impact of guanxi-induced employment on entrepreneurial reinvestment is reduced when decentralization of decision-making is used.

Practical implications
First, entrepreneurs should be aware of pre-reform institutional embeddedness’ negative influence on firms’ risk-taking abilities and incentives. Private firms already constrained by this connection could alleviate the negative impacts through a widespread delegation of decision-making authority. Second, policymakers should be cautious about improper government-business relationships, which may discourage private firms from fully pursuing entrepreneurial growth opportunities.

Originality/value
This paper makes theoretical contributions to the literature on entrepreneurial reinvestment, embeddedness perspective of entrepreneurship and imprinting theory.
A periodical analysis of e-government maturity in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alzahrani Ahmed Ibrahim 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
Governments of the developing countries must be ready to embrace the evolution of information technology. However, the growth in demand for online services and expectations for convenient access to government resources are placing governments under pressure to deliver outstanding e-services. Despite the successful attempts of the Saudi Government to deliver e-government services, the literature still needs to be advanced with evidence to demonstrate the current status of government websites. Additionally, the growth of e-government services should be periodically monitored and evaluated.

Design/methodology/approach
This study aims to revisit e-government websites previously surveyed (2006-2012) in Saudi Arabia and examine growth based on the five-stage maturity model. This study supports the approach with a review of the United Nations data and links this assessment with the five-stage maturity model.

Findings
The results revealed remarkable improvements in the maturity level of online services provided by the government websites of Saudi Arabia.

Practical implications
The relationship between e-government use and investment decisions appears to be bidirectional, as greater levels of investment seem to offer more opportunities for service improvement.

Originality/value
The outcomes are expected to assist executive authorities in understanding the current situation of e-government and plan appropriate strategic suggestions and development.
Whole‐exome sequencing identified a novel pathogenic mutation of the CYP4F22 gene in a Chinese patient with autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis and in vitro study of the mutant CYP4F22 protein
Authors: Zhao Lina , Wang Caixia , Zhang Yaning , Li Jinyun , Liu Huize , Feng Dairong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAutosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) is a heterogeneous group of rare cornification disorders. Of the 14 genes already known to cause ARCI, CYP4F22 is a relatively new genetic etiology, the mutation spectrum of which has yet to be profiled. Using whole‐exome sequencing in family trios, we identified the compound heterozygous mutations, c.844C>T (p.R282W) and c.1189C>T (p.R397C), of the CYP4F22 gene (NM_173483.4) in a Chinese neonatal boy with a congenital ichthyosis phenotype. In combination with multiple in silico analyses and the following in vitro functional studies, we provided evidence to classify these two variations as pathogenic mutations and demonstrated that both variants significantly reduced the CYP4F22 protein amount. Interestingly, the reduction of both mutant CYP4F22 protein could be recovered by trichostatin A (TSA) treatment, suggesting some deacetylation factors involved in regulating the mutant CYP4F22 protein and implying TSA might be a potential candidate compound for congenital ichthyosis caused by CYP4F22 variations.
Comparison of sheep scapula models created with polylactic acid and thermoplastic polyurethane filaments by three‐dimensional modelling
Authors: Kurt Semih , Selviler‐Sizer Sedef , Onuk Burcu , Kabak Murat 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) printing technology is a rapid prototyping method that has recently been increasingly used in anatomy education. Magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and 3D scanners are generally used to create 3D models. The aim of this study, which was performed without using the aforementioned devices, is to design sheep scapula models in a computer environment and compare bone models created with different filaments printed by a 3D printer with real bone. Photographs of sheep scapula were taken for modelling, and measurements were made from certain points. After the photographs were transferred to a computer environment, they were transformed into 3D using the Cinema 4D software, a computer‐aided design program. Models were created using a 3D printer employing polylactic acid (PLA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) filaments. By comparing the models created with PLA and TPU filaments to the real bone, it was found that they have a similar anatomical structure, with dimensional‐morphometric differences found at some points. It was also observed that the scapula model created with PLA filaments was more resistant to impacts than the real bone and that the model created with TPU filaments was more flexible, with very low fragility as compared to PLA and real bone.Therefore, this method allows obtaining a large number of durable models as an alternative to the real bone without the need for much manpower or equipment and without the need for a 3D reconstruction device.
Diffuse dermal angiomatosis: a rare cause of painful ulceration in renal insufficiency
Authors: Matos Ana Luísa , Nogueira Rui , Flor Duarte , Alves Francisca , Cardoso José Carlos , Vieira Ricardo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDiffuse dermal angiomatosis is a rare, benign, reactive cutaneous vascular proliferation that has been reported in the context of end-stage renal failure and can rarely be associated with arteriovenous fistulas. We report a striking clinical resolution following prompt diagnosis and subsequent arteriovenous fistula reversal. This case further demonstrates that accurate diagnosis is particularly rewarding since correct therapeutic approach can be curative.
Association of maternal psoriasis and small for gestational age or preterm birth: a nationwide matched cohort study in 69 080 singleton infants
Authors: Johansen Cæcilie Bachdal , Egeberg Alexander , Jimenez-Solem Espen , Skov Lone , Thomsen Simon Francis 
Published: January 2022

SummaryBackgroundWomen with certain inflammatory diseases have an increased risk of giving birth to infants who are small for gestational age (SGA) or preterm birth (PTB), with maternal disease activity being the most important risk factor. However, previous studies investigating an association between psoriasis and SGA are scarce and have shown conflicting results.AimTo investigate the association between maternal psoriasis and risk of SGA infants and PTB, respectively, both overall and stratified by psoriasis severity.MethodsThis was a nationwide register-based matched cohort study of women with psoriasis matched 1 : 10 to women without psoriasis on age at delivery, body mass index and smoking status and with their first singleton infant born during the period 2004–2017. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI were calculated in conditional logistic regression models adjusted for known risk factors.ResultsFrom 516 063 deliveries, we identified 6282 women with psoriasis and 62 798 matched women without psoriasis. The risk of SGA and PTB was similar in women with psoriasis and matched controls: adjusted OR (aOR) = 1.07 (95% CI 0.98–1.17) and aOR = 1.05 (95% CI 0.93–1.19), respectively. The risk of term SGA was increased in women with psoriasis (aOR 1.11; 95% CI 1.01–1.22) compared with matched controls.ConclusionMaternal psoriasis was not associated with increased risk of SGA or PTB. Risk of term SGA was slightly increased in women with a history of psoriasis compared with matched controls, however; these infants are likely to be constitutionally small with no increased risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality.
The Seal of Biliteracy: A 10‐year retrospective
Authors: Davin Kristin J. , Heineke Amy J. , Hancock Charlotte R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis year marks the 10‐year anniversary of the adoption of the Seal of Biliteracy in California. As of November 2021, the policy, which recognizes students who graduate high school bilingual and biliterate, exists in 45 states and the District of Columbia. However, due to its grassroots origins and lack of federal funding, requirements of the recognition vary from state to state. This article examines these variations and analyzes changes in the percentage of graduates earning the award across states. Findings consider how different policy characteristics compare to the percentage of students earning the award. Based on the findings, the authors discuss tradeoffs related to critical policy characteristics and conclude with recommendations.
Patient, clinician and manager experience of the accelerated implementation of virtual consultations following COVID‐19: A qualitative study of preferences in a tertiary orthopaedic rehabilitation setting
Authors: Gilbert Anthony W. , Jones Jeremy , Stokes Maria , May Carl R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate the experiences of patients, clinicians and managers during the accelerated implementation of virtual consultations (VCs) due to COVID‐19. To understand how patient preferences are constructed and organized.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews with patients, clinicians and managerial staff at a single specialist orthopaedic centre in the United Kingdom. The interview schedule and coding frame were based on Normalisation Process Theory. Interviews were conducted over the telephone or by video call. Abductive analysis of interview transcripts extended knowledge from previous research to identify, characterize and explain how patient preferences for VC were formed and arranged.ResultsFifty‐five participants were included (20 patients, 20 clinicians, 15 managers). Key mechanisms that contribute to the formation of patient preferences were identified. These were: (a) context for the consultation (normative expectations, relational expectations, congruence and potential); (b) the available alternatives and the implementation process (coherence, cognitive participation, collective action and reflexive monitoring). Patient preferences are mediated by the clinician and organisational preferences through the influence of the consultation context, available alternatives and the implementation process.ConclusionsThis study reports the cumulative analysis of five empirical studies investigating patient preferences for VC before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic as VC transitioned from an experimental clinic to a compulsory form of service delivery. This study has identified mechanisms that explain how preferences for VC come about and how these relate to organisational and clinician preferences. Since clinical pathways are shaped by interactions between patient, clinicians and organisational preferences, future service design must strike a balance between patient preferences and the preferences of clinicians and organisations.Patient and Public ContributionThe CONNECT Project Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) group provided guidance on the conduct and design of the research. This took place with remote meetings between the lead researcher and the chair of the PPI group during March and April 2020. Patient information documentation and the interview schedule were developed with the PPI group to ensure that these were accessible.
The chronic disease Self‐Management Programme: A phenomenological study for empowering vulnerable patients with chronic diseases included in the EFFICHRONIC project
Authors: Fracso Dallal , Bourrel Gérard , Jorgensen Christian , Fanton Hélène , Raat Hein , Pilotto Alberto , Baker Graham , Pisano Marta M. , Ferreira Rosanna , Valsecchi Verushka , Pers Yves‐Marie , Engberink Agnes Oude 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe Chronic Disease Self‐Management Programme (CDSMP) has resulted in improved health outcomes for patients. However, research has focused mainly on those with chronic conditions and has not extensively explored prevention programmes targeting individuals with specific vulnerability profiles.AimThis study aimed to understand the effects of the CDSMP on the lived experience of vulnerable patients included in the EFFICHRONIC project in France, based on their needs and expectations before and after participation.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative phenomenological semio‐pragmatic study based on 37 in‐depth interviews with 20 patients (20 before/17 after CDSMP).ResultsBy transforming existential dimensions (identity, relationship with others and bodily experience), chronic illness generates new needs in the vulnerable person. By resonating with the expectations and needs of participants, the CDSMP induces motivation and a sense of belonging to a community of peers. It has enabled the participants to become actors of their own health until empowerment. Although some limitations are reported, the programme has awakened a desire in the participants to take better care of their health and to develop personal skills with, for some, a desire to become involved in health education.ConclusionOur phenomenological approach highlighted the resonance between the programme (its design and implementation) and the lived experience of patients, as an effective element of empowerment. This necessitates training the facilitators to elicit the lived experience of patients. Furthermore, as a patient‐centred approach is required, the facilitators need to learn how to adapt the design of the programme to the singularity of the patient.Patient or Public ContributionPatients provided the data that were collected through in‐depth interviews, and their experiences before and after the programme were analysed.