bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Throughput Assessments for Storage Stability, In Vitro Release, and Particle Size of Encapsulated Biocontrol Fungi in Hydrogel Beads
Authors: Santos‐Díaz Adriana , Uribe‐Gutiérrez Liz , Cruz‐Barrera Mauricio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUse of biocontrol fungi (BF) such as Trichoderma spp. minimizes fungicide input and increases both plant nutrition and protection from disease. Thus, the introduction of BF by novel inoculants in crop management is an excellent strategy to promote sustainable antagonism activity. Within these strategies, encapsulation in polymeric matrices such as hydrogel beads will play a prominent role in providing an effective carrier/protector and long‐lasting bioproduct. These studies have used biomaterials with tunable physicochemical features, providing differential morphologies, compaction, and disintegration, among other parameters. Aiming at developing bioproducts within polymeric hydrogel beads, viability of encapsulated conidia, storage stability, release of active ingredient, and particle size are essential. However, there are no reports that detail standardized and comprehensive methods to evaluate the characterization of these bioproducts. We describe step‐by‐step protocols that go from sample preparation to testing the viability and storage stability using vacuum‐sealed aluminum foil bags. We also describe a high‐throughput in vitro method for quantifying released fungal conidia of BF at different pH values. Finally, the particle size of beads is established by bright‐field microscopy. These protocols could be transferable to other biological actives, accessible to researchers in the microbiology and bioengineering communities. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Viability of encapsulated conidiaBasic Protocol 2: Study of stability of prototypes under storageBasic Protocol 3: Release profile of encapsulated conidia at different pH conditionsBasic Protocol 4: Determination of capsule size
Core needle biopsy for the diagnosis of primary soft tissue lesions: Accuracy and diagnostic challenges
Authors: Layfield Lester J. , Stegelmeier Paul , Wang Liangli , Esebua Magda 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundCore needle biopsy (CNB) and fine needle aspiration (FNA) are currently the most common biopsy methods for investigation of soft tissue lesions. Selection of the method to be used depends on a number of factors including diagnostic accuracy, local expertise with the techniques and the need for ancillary testing. We investigated the diagnostic accuracy of CNB and factors influencing the selection of CNB or FNA.MethodsAn electronic search of the surgical pathology records for all core needle biopsies of soft tissue lesions with subsequent incisional biopsies or excisions between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2021 was performed. Searches of the literature for publications documenting diagnostic accuracy of core biopsy and FNA were performed using the Pub Med literature data base.ResultsThe electronic search yielded 177 CNBs with appropriate follow‐up. Six cases were non‐diagnostic. The remaining 171 cases showed an accuracy of 90% for separation of benign from malignant with two false‐positive and 17 false‐negative diagnoses. The literature search revealed 11 series of CNBs with a diagnostic accuracy of 74% to 97%. The literature search revealed 20 series of FNAs with an accuracy of 84.8% to 100% for separation of benign from malignant.ConclusionsCore needle biopsy is a highly accurate diagnostic technique with an accuracy of 90% for separation of benign from malignant lesions. The percentage of non‐diagnostic cases is low (3.4%). No significant biopsy related complications were seen in this study.
Increase in protandry over time in a long‐distance migratory bird
Authors: Hedlund Johanna , Fransson Thord , Kullberg Cecilia , Persson Jan‐Olov , Jakobsson Sven 
Published: July 2022

AbstractProtandry is a widespread life‐history phenomenon describing how males precede females at the site or state of reproduction. In migratory birds, protandry has an important influence on individual fitness, the migratory syndrome, and phenological response to climate change. Despite its significance, accurate analyses on the dynamics of protandry using data sets collected at the breeding site, are lacking. Basing our study on records collected during two time periods, 1979 to 1988 and 2006 to 2016, we aim to investigate protandry dynamics over 38 years in a breeding population of willow warblers (Phylloscopus trochilus). Change in the timing of arrival was analyzed in males and females, and protandry (number of days between male and female arrival) was investigated both at population level and within breeding pairs. Our results show advancement in the arrival time at the breeding site in both sexes, but male arrival has advanced to a greater extent, leading to an increase in protandry both at the population level and within breeding pairs. We did not observe any change in sex ratio that could explain the protandry increase, but pronounced temperature change has occurred and been reported in the breeding area and along the migratory route. Typically, natural selection opposes too early arrival in males, but given warmer springs, this counteracting force may be relaxing, enabling an increase in protandry. We discuss whether our results suggest that climate change has induced sex‐specific effects, if these could be evolutionary and whether the timing of important life‐history stages such as arrival at the breeding site may change at different rates in males and females following environmental shifts.
Towards identifying a method of screening for autism amongst women with restrictive eating disorders
Authors: Adamson James , Brede Janina , Babb Charli , Serpell Lucy , Jones Catherine R. G. , Fox John , Mandy Will 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveUp to 37% of patients with anorexia nervosa score above cut‐off on autism screening measures. These individuals typically have poorer outcomes from standard eating disorder interventions and could therefore benefit from adaptations. Accurately identifying these individuals is important for improving autism referral processes and clinical pathway decisions. This study's aim was to identify subscales of questionnaires measuring constructs associated with either autism or eating disorders that, when combined with traditional autism screening measures, would improve the ability to identify women with restrictive eating disorders who might benefit from a full autism assessment.MethodOne hundred and sixty women with restrictive eating disorders, with (n = 42) or without (n = 118) an autism diagnosis completed a battery of questionnaires. Using conditional stepwise binary logistic regression, we attempted to improve the autism spectrum quotient 10 item's (AQ‐10) ability to discriminate between autistic and non‐autistic women in a restrictive eating disorder sample.ResultsIn a binary logistic regression model, the AQ‐10 reliably discriminated between autistic and non‐autistic women with an accuracy rate of 85% but had relatively low (69%) sensitivity, reflecting a high rate of false negatives. Adding three subscales to the model (Glasgow Sensory Questionnaire Auditory, Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire Compensation and Toronto Alexithymia Scale Externally Orientated Thinking) significantly improved its differentiating ability (accuracy = 88%, sensitivity = 76%, specificity = 92%).ConclusionsWe have identified three subscales that, when used in combination with the AQ‐10, may help clinicians understand the pattern of autistic traits in their patients with a restrictive eating disorder. This can inform clinical decisions about whether to refer for a full autism assessment and whether to adapt standard eating disorder treatments to accommodate autistic traits. Future studies are needed to test the model in samples where participants have undergone a full autism assessment.
Deep brain stimulation of the ventrointermediate nucleus of the thalamus to treat essential tremor improves motor sequence learning
Authors: Terzic Laila , Voegtle Angela , Farahat Amr , Hartong Nanna , Galazky Imke , Nasuto Slawomir J. , Andrade Adriano de Oliveira , Knight Robert T. , Ivry Richard B. , Voges Jürgen , Buentjen Lars , Sweeney‐Reed Catherine M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe network of brain structures engaged in motor sequence learning comprises the same structures as those involved in tremor, including basal ganglia, cerebellum, thalamus, and motor cortex. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventrointermediate nucleus of the thalamus (VIM) reduces tremor, but the effects on motor sequence learning are unknown. We investigated whether VIM stimulation has an impact on motor sequence learning and hypothesized that stimulation effects depend on the laterality of electrode location. Twenty patients (age: 38–81 years; 12 female) with VIM electrodes implanted to treat essential tremor (ET) successfully performed a serial reaction time task, varying whether the stimuli followed a repeating pattern or were selected at random, during which VIM‐DBS was either on or off. Analyses of variance were applied to evaluate motor sequence learning performance according to reaction times (RTs) and accuracy. An interaction was observed between whether the sequence was repeated or random and whether VIM‐DBS was on or off (F[1,18] = 7.89,p = .012). Motor sequence learning, reflected by reduced RTs for repeated sequences, was greater with DBS on than off (T[19] = 2.34,p = .031). Stimulation location correlated with the degree of motor learning, with greater motor learning when stimulation targeted the lateral VIM (n = 23,ρ = 0.46;p = .027). These results demonstrate the beneficial effects of VIM‐DBS on motor sequence learning in ET patients, particularly with lateral VIM electrode location, and provide evidence for a role for the VIM in motor sequence learning.
The emotional burden of caregiving for patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Saleh Zachary M. , Salim Najat E. , Nikirk Samantha , Serper Marina , Tapper Elliot B. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Caregivers for patients with cirrhosis face immense physical and psychological strain that negatively impact quality of life and ability to care for oneself. The aim is to explore the caregiver experience for patients with cirrhosis, identify prominent stressors, and understand the multidimensional contributors to caregiver burden, to help tailor effective interventions. The caregivers of 25 patients with decompensated cirrhosis underwent semistructured in‐person interviews and completed written exercises targeting emotional disclosure or resilience training that were analyzed for dominant emotions and themes. Burden was quantified using the Zarit Burden Interview‐12 (ZBI, range 0–48), Distress Thermometer (0–10), and Caregiver Captivity Index (0–4). Quality of life was assessed with a visual analog scale (0–100). Median ZBI was moderate (14 [10–19]), as was distress (5 [2–7]), and captivity (2 [1–4]). Quality of life was fair (80 [70–85]). Dominant emotions included anxiety, guilt, fear, frustration, captivity, and resentment. Prominent themes included lack of time for self‐care, hierarchy of caregiver role, support from versus frustration with medical professionals, social support, spirituality and religion, and disease‐related restrictions. Hepatic encephalopathy, and need to follow strict nutrition and diet recommendations, are frequent sources of disease‐related caregiver burden. The health care system confers some degree of burden, especially when doubts arise regarding physician competence. Conclusion: Caregiver burden is significant. The impact of interventions to alleviate caregiver burden should be explored, so that their appreciated efforts do not have such detrimental effects on their quality of life.
Physical intuition of entropy generation in a mixed convective hybrid nanofluid flow with chemical reaction, cross‐diffusion, and transpiration
Authors: Arif Muhammad , Suresh Kumar Raju S. , Vajravelu K. , Kumam Poom , Raju C. S. K. , Siva Rama Raju S. V. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCompared with methanol (pure) and blood, methanol‐ and blood‐based nanofluids are significant with numerous characteristics, including thermophysical effects and immersion rate of CO2 in tray column absorber. Blood‐based liquids show importance in biological treatments like digestion as well as breathing systems. Mixed convective conditions and suction or injection are helpful in controlling the heating or the cooling in industrial applications. Keeping this in view, we examined the physical perception of entropy generation (EG) in a mixed convective hybrid nanofluid (HBN) flow with chemical reaction, cross‐diffusion, and transpiration in a curved surface with activation energy and thermal radiation. Transformed principal equations are determined with the assistance of a fourth‐order Runge–Kutta method with a shooting technique. We obtained solutions for two different cases, that is, for hybrid (mixture of cases) (magnetite + hematite + blood) and (magnetite + hematite + methanol). Obtained results are discussed via graphs and tables. Also, we discussed the effects of the Bejan number and the EG. We found that the EG appears more conspicuously in the case of magnetite + hematite + methanol compare to magnetite + hematite + blood case. We also found that in the magnetite + hematite + methanol case the flow and heat transfer characteristics are more pronounced compared with that in the case of magnetite + hematite + blood. This helps us to choose magnetite + hematite + blood or magnetite + hematite + methanol compositions in the manufacturing industry. Furthermore, the rate of heat transfer can be enhanced up to 16.42% in the case of methanol‐based HBN while the rate of heat transfer can be enhanced up to 19.16% in the case of blood‐based HBN.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of cytology and HPV‐related biomarkers for anal cancer screening among different risk groups
Authors: Clarke Megan A. , Deshmukh Ashish A. , Suk Ryan , Roberts Jennifer , Gilson Richard , Jay Naomi , Stier Elizabeth A. , Wentzensen Nicolas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo inform optimal approaches for detecting anal precancers, we performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of anal cancer screening tests in different populations with elevated risk for anal cancer. We conducted a literature search of studies evaluating tests for anal precancer and cancer (anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse, AIN2+) published between January 1, 1997 to September 30, 2021 in PubMed and Embase. Titles and abstracts were screened for inclusion and included articles underwent full‐text review, data abstraction and quality assessment. We estimated the prevalence of AIN2+ and calculated summary estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of test positivity, sensitivity and specificity and predictive values of various testing strategies, overall and among population subgroups. A total of 39 articles were included. The prevalence of AIN2+ was 20% (95% CI, 17‐29%), and ranged from 22% in men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV to 13% in women and 12% in MSM without HIV. The sensitivity and specificity of cytology and HPV testing were 81% and 62% and 92% and 42%, respectively, and 93% and 33%, respectively for cytology and HPV co‐testing. AIN2+ risks were similar among those testing positive for cytology, HPV, or co‐testing. Limited data on other biomarkers (HPV E6/E7 mRNA and p16/Ki‐67 dual stain), suggested higher specificity, but lower sensitivity compared with anal cytology and HPV. Our findings provide important evidence for the development of clinical guidelines using anal cytology and HPV testing for anal cancer screening.
COVID‐19 outcomes in children, adolescents and young adults with cancer
Authors: Parker Rebecca S. , Le Justin , Doan Andrew , Aguayo‐Hiraldo Paibel , Pannaraj Pia S. , Rushing Teresa , Malvar Jemily , O'Gorman Maurice R. , Dien Bard Jennifer , Parekh Chintan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPediatric oncology patients are at risk for poor outcomes with respiratory viral infections. Outcome data for COVID‐19 in children and young adults with cancer are needed; data are sparse for obese/overweight and adolescent and young adult subgroups. We conducted a single center cohort study of COVID‐19 outcomes in patients younger than 25 years with cancer. Candidate hospitalization risk factors were analyzed via univariable and multivariable analyses. Eighty‐seven patients with cancer and COVID‐19 were identified. Most were Hispanic/Latinx (n = 63, 72%). Forty‐two (48%) were overweight/obese. Anticancer therapy included chemotherapy only (n = 64, 74%), chimeric antigen receptor T‐cells (CAR‐T, n = 7), hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT, n = 12), or CAR‐T and HSCT (n = 4). There was no COVID‐19 related mortality. Twenty‐six patients (30%) required COVID‐19 related hospitalization; 4 required multiple hospitalizations. Nine (10%) had severe/critical infection; 6 needed intensive care. COVID‐19 resulted in anticancer therapy delays in 22 (34%) of 64 patients on active therapy (median delay = 14 days). Factors associated with hospitalization included steroids within 2 weeks prior to infection, lymphopenia, previous significant non‐COVID infection, and low COVID‐19 PCR cycle threshold value. CAR‐T recipients with B‐cell aplasia tended to have severe/critical infection (3 of 7 patients). A COVID‐19 antibody response was detected in 14 of 32 patients (44%). A substantial proportion of COVID‐19 infected children and young adults with cancer require inpatient management; morbidity may be high in B‐cell immunodeficiency. However, a majority of patients can be taken through chemotherapy without prolonged therapy delays. Viral load is a potential outcome predictor in COVID‐19 in pediatric cancer.
Longitudinal and bidirectional associations between family conflict and adolescents' e‐cigarette use
Authors: Finan Laura J. , Ellis Miranda , Solka Jake , Jasinski Luke , Ohannessian Christine M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis study examined potential longitudinal and bidirectional relationships between family conflict and adolescent e‐cigarette use, and whether gender moderated these associations.MethodsAdolescents (NT1 = 1334; Mage = 13.11, SD = 0.82; 52% female; 50% White) from the United States completed surveys in the spring of 2016 and again in the fall of 2017.ResultsLogistic regression analyses indicated that after controlling for previous e‐cigarette use, family conflict was positively associated with a greater likelihood of e‐cigarette use 6 months later. Results from multiple regression analyses indicated that after controlling for previous family conflict, e‐cigarette use was associated with increases in later family conflict, particularly for girls.ConclusionsStudy findings highlight reducing family conflict and supporting family functioning as a possible intervention target for adolescent e‐cigarette use, a major public health problem.
MicroRNA‐338‐3p as a therapeutic target in cardiac fibrosis through FGFR2 suppression
Authors: Huang Cheng , Wang Rui , Lu Jianjun , He Yongli , Wu Yueheng , Ma Wuxia , Xu Jindong , Wu Zejia , Feng Zhe , Wu Min 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe development of cardiac fibrosis involves the activation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and their differentiation into myofibroblasts, which leads to the disruption of the extracellular matrix network. In the past few years, microRNAs (miRNA) have been described as potential targets for treating cardiac diseases. Although miR‐338‐3p has been shown to participate in the development of carcinoma, whether it affects cardiac fibrosis is unclear.MethodsWe examined the expression profiles of microRNAs in left ventricular samples of heart failure mice established by thoracic aortic constriction (TAC). Real‐time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was used to detect the expression of miR‐338‐3p. CCK‐8 assay/Transwell migration assay was used to measure the proliferation rate/migration of CFs. Luciferase reporter gene assay was used to test the binding between miR‐338‐3p and FGFR2.ResultsThis study demonstrated that miR‐338‐3p was significantly decreased in thoracic aortic constriction mice. Cardiac miR‐338‐3p amounts were also reduced in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Interestingly, miR‐338‐3p overexpression inhibited α‐SMA, COL1A1, and COL3A1 expression, as well as cell proliferation and migration in CFs. Bioinformatics analysis and dual‐luciferase reporter assays revealed FGFR2 was targeted by miR‐338‐3p, whose antifibrotic effect could be alleviated by overexpression of FGFR2. Moreover, in DCM cases, serum miR‐338‐3p levels were markedly elevated in individuals with worse outcomes.ConclusionsThe present study provides evidence that miR‐338‐3p suppresses cardiac fibroblast activation, proliferation, and migration by directly targeting FGFR2 in mice. Besides, serum miR‐338‐3p might constitute a potential prognostic biomarker of dilated cardiomyopathy.
Multinational enterprises' sustainability practices and focus on developing countries: Contributions and unexpected results of SDG implementation
Authors: Ordonez‐Ponce Eduardo , Talbot David 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article examines multinationals' (MNEs) sustainability practices focusing on the SDGs in developing countries through studying sustainability reports of multinationals from China (CMNEs) and developed countries (DMNEs). Findings show significant differences in MNEs' approaches to the SDGs. DMNEs prioritise education, health and poverty, whereas CMNEs emphasise poverty, education and cities in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Conversely, inequality, hunger, consumption and production, oceans and peace, justice and strong institutions are poorly addressed. Most importantly, while contributing to sustainability, they foster inequalities among developing countries by over‐focusing on China and India, against the pledge of Leaving No One Behind.
Rock1 is a novel host dependency factor of human enterovirus A71: Implication as a drug target
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyu , Li Cun , Chiu Man Chun , Qiao Rui , Jiang Shibo , Wang Pengfei , Zhou Jie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHuman enterovirus A71 (EV‐A71) is the major causative agent of hand‐foot‐and‐mouth disease (HFMD) commonly associated with severe neurological diseases, particularly in children under 5 years of age. Several investigational therapeutic agents and vaccine candidates are being developed. However, no approved drug against EV‐A71 infection is available, and no proven drug target has been identified. Since host kinases are key regulators of multiple signaling pathways in response to viral infections, here we screened a kinase inhibitor library and identified potent inhibitors against EV‐A71 infection. Among the hits, GSK269962A, a Rho Associated Coiled‐Coil Containing Protein Kinase (Rock) inhibitor with potent antiviral activity, was selected for further analysis. We found that this Rock inhibitor not only efficiently suppressed the replication of EV‐A71 in RD cells, but also in human intestinal organoids, in a dose‐dependent manner. Interestingly, small interfering RNA depletion of Rock1, but not Rock2, significantly restricted viral replication in RD cells, indicating that Rock1 is a novel host dependency factor for EV‐A71 replication and can serve as a target for the development of anti‐EV‐A71 therapeutics.