bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using the bispectrum to probe radio X-ray correlations in GRS 1915+105
Authors: Arur K , Maccarone T J 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
We present the results of bicoherence analysis on observations of GRS 1915+105 that exhibit quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs). The bicoherence is a higher order statistic that can be used to probe the relation between the phases of a triplet of Fourier frequencies. Despite showing very similar power spectra, the observations exhibit different patterns in their bicoherence, indicating that the QPOs are phase coupled to the noise in different ways. We show that the bicoherence pattern exhibited correlates with the frequency of the QPO, the hardness ratio, as well as the radio properties of the source. In particular, we find that the nature of phase coupling between the QPO and the high and low frequency broad-band components is different between radio quiet, radio plateau, and radio steep conditions. We also investigate the phase lag behaviour of observations with QPO frequency above 2 Hz that show different bicoherence patterns and find statistically significant differences between them, indicating a change in the underlying physical mechanism. Finally, we present a scenario whereby the cooling of the jet electrons by soft photons from the accretion disc could explain the observed correlations between the bicoherence and radio properties.
The driving mode of shock-driven turbulence
Authors: Dhawalikar Saee , Federrath Christoph , Davidovits Seth , Teyssier Romain , Nagel Sabrina R , Remington Bruce A , Collins David C 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Turbulence in the interstellar medium (ISM) is crucial in the process of star formation. Shocks produced by supernova explosions, jets, radiation from massive stars, or galactic spiral-arm dynamics are amongst the most common drivers of turbulence in the ISM. However, it is not fully understood how shocks drive turbulence, in particular whether shock driving is a more solenoidal (rotational, divergence-free) or a more compressive (potential, curl-free) mode of driving turbulence. The mode of turbulence driving has profound consequences for star formation, with compressive driving producing three times larger density dispersion, and an order of magnitude higher star formation rate than solenoidal driving. Here, we use hydrodynamical simulations of a shock inducing turbulent motions in a structured, multiphase medium. This is done in the context of a laser-induced shock, propagating into a foam material, in preparation for an experiment to be performed at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). Specifically, we analyse the density and velocity distributions in the shocked turbulent medium, and measure the turbulence driving parameter $b=(\sigma _{\rho /\langle \rho \rangle }^{2\Gamma }-1)^{1/2}(1-\sigma _{\rho /\langle \rho \rangle }^{-2})^{-1/2}\mathcal {M}^{-1}\Gamma ^{-1/2}$, with the density dispersion σρ/〈ρ〉, the turbulent Mach number $\mathcal {M}$, and the polytropic exponent Γ. Purely solenoidal and purely compressive driving correspond to b ∼ 1/3 and b ∼ 1, respectively. Using simulations in which a shock is driven into a multiphase medium with structures of different sizes and Γ &lt; 1, we find b ∼ 1 for all cases, showing that shock-driven turbulence is consistent with strongly compressive driving.
A study on the characteristic features of the lunar ionosphere using dual frequency radio science (DFRS) experiment onboard Chandrayaan-2 orbiter
Authors: Tripathi Keshav R , Choudhary R K , Ambili K M , Bindu K R , Manikantan R , Parikh Umang 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
We present ‘first of its kind’ measurements of the enhanced integrated electron density profiles (iEDPs) at the lunar wake and trans-terminator regions using radio occultation (RO) experiments conducted with the dual frequency radio science (DFRS) payload onboard Chandrayaan-2 (CH2) spacecraft. DFRS uses one-way coherent signals at X and S-bands of radio frequencies for RO measurements. Detailed analysis of the results shows that the electron content is large (∼1.5 TECU, with 1 TECU = 1016 m−2) in the lunar wake region compared to the dayside. Large electron content is also seen near lunar polar regions during solar transition periods. These observations are unique in nature as they show post-sunset enhancements in the iEDPs compared to dayside, as reported by earlier missions. These results further confirm recent predictions from the theoretical model for the lunar ionosphere.
Accreting neutron stars: heating of the upper layers of the inner crust
Authors: Shchechilin N N , Gusakov M E , Chugunov A I 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Neutron stars in low-mass X-ray binaries are thought to be heated up by accretion-induced exothermic nuclear reactions in the crust. The energy release and the location of the heating sources are important ingredients of the thermal evolution models. Here, we present thermodynamically consistent calculations of the energy release in three zones of the stellar crust: at the outer–inner crust interface, in the upper layers of the inner crust (up to the density ρ ≤ 2 × 1012 g cm−3), and in the underlying crustal layers. We consider three representative models of thermonuclear ashes (superburst, extreme rp, and Kepler ashes). The energy release in each zone is parametrized by the pressure at the outer–inner crust interface, Poi, which encodes all uncertainties related to the physics of the deepest inner-crust layers. Our calculations allow us to set new theoretical lower limits on the net energy release (per accreted baryon): Q ≳ 0.28 MeV for extreme rp ashes and Q ≳ 0.43–0.51 MeV for superburst and Kepler ashes. Our results can be directly incorporated into numerical codes and provide an opportunity to constrain Poi by comparing thermal evolution models of accreting neutron stars with observations.
Incidence and extent of disease progression on MRI between surgery and initiation of radiotherapy in glioblastoma patients
Authors: Kraus Ryan D , Weil Christopher R , Frances Su Fan-Chi , Cannon Donald M , Burt Lindsay M , Mendez Joe S 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
A post-operative MRI (MRIpost-op) performed within 72 h is routinely used for radiation treatment planning in glioblastoma (GBM) patients, with radiotherapy starting about 4–6 weeks after surgery. Some patients undergo an additional pre-radiotherapy MRI (MRIpre-RT) about 2–6 weeks after surgery. We sought to analyze the incidence of rapid early progression (REP) between surgery and initiation of radiotherapy seen on MRIpre-RT and the impact on radiation target volumes.

Methods
Patients with GBM diagnosed between 2018 and 2020 who had an MRIpost-op and MRIpre-RT were retrospectively identified. Criteria for REP was based on Modified RANO criteria. Radiation target volumes were created and compared using the MRIpost-op and MRIpre-RT.

Results
Fifty patients met inclusion criteria. The median time between MRIpost-op and MRIpre-RT was 26 days. Indications for MRIpre-RT included clinical trial enrollment in 41/50 (82%), new symptoms in 5/50 (10%), and unspecified in 4/50 (8%). REP was identified in 35/50 (70%) of patients; 9/35 (26%) had disease progression outside of the MRIpost-op-based high dose treatment volumes. Treatment planning with MRIpost-op yielded a median undertreatment of 27.1% of enhancing disease and 11.2% of surrounding subclinical disease seen on MRIpre-RT. Patients without REP had a 38% median volume reduction of uninvolved brain if target volumes were planned with MRIpre-RT.

Conclusion
Given the incidence of REP and its impact on treatment volumes, we recommend using MRIpre-RT for radiation treatment planning to improve coverage of gross and subclinical disease, allow for early identification of REP, and decrease radiation treatment volumes in patients without REP.
The Value of the Information That Can Be Generated: Optimizing Study Design to Enable the Study of Treatments Addressing an Unmet Need for Rare Pathogens
Authors: Dane Aaron , Rex John H , Newell Paul , Stallard Nigel 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In traditional phase 3 trials confirming safety and efficacy of new treatments relative to a comparator, a 1-sided type I error rate of 2.5% is traditionally used and typically leads to minimum sizes of 300–600 subjects per study. However, for rare pathogens, it may be necessary to work with data from as few as 50–100 subjects. For areas with a high unmet need, there is a balance between traditional type I error and power and enabling feasible studies. In such cases, an alternative 1-sided alpha level of 5% or 10% should be considered, and we review herein the implications of such approaches. Resolving this question requires engagement of patients, the medical community, regulatory agencies, and trial sponsors.
Clinical Teaching Competencies in Physical Therapist Education: A Modified Delphi Study
Authors: Myers Katherine , Bilyeu Catherine , Covington Kyle , Sharp Amanda 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveClinical instructors play a key role in physical therapist professional education but may serve with minimal preparation and without clearly defined expectations for their teaching performance. The objective of this study was to utilize a consensus-building process to establish core competencies of clinical teaching within physical therapist education.MethodsA modified Delphi approach was used to identify core competencies of clinical teaching. An expert panel consisted of clinical instructors, site coordinators of clinical education, and directors of clinical education, representing multiple geographic regions in the United States. The panel assessed the relevance of 30 original competencies. Criteria for consensus included 75% of participants perceiving the competency as very or extremely relevant and a median score of 2 (very relevant) on a 5-point Likert scale. Consistent with a Modified Delphi approach, quantitative and qualitative data analysis were completed for each of the 3 rounds. Revised surveys were used in Rounds 2 and 3 based on the results from previous data analysis.ResultsTwenty-four competencies achieved final consensus. The competencies were categorized within 3 domains: learner-centered educator (n = 8), assessor/evaluator (n = 7), and professional role model (n = 9).ConclusionThe 24 competencies and 3 domains provide the foundation for a competency framework for clinical teaching in physical therapy. This framework provides clarity for the expected knowledge, skills, and attitudes of clinical instructors in physical therapist professional education.ImpactThis is the first study, to our knowledge, to utilize a consensus-building strategy to clearly define competencies of clinical teaching in physical therapist professional education. Like efforts in nursing and medical education, adoption of these competencies could promote consistency in clinical instructor teaching behaviors and contribute to the creation of assessment and professional development mechanisms for clinical instructors, positively impacting the preparation of the next generation of excellent physical therapist clinicians.
0001 Associations Between Circadian Factors and Travel Distance with Performance: A retrospective analysis of 2014-2018 National Basketball Association Data
Authors: Cook Jesse , Charest Jonathan , Walch Olivia , Bender Amy 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Frequent travel across time zones and travelling long distances interferes with healthy sleep and disrupts the circadian system, often degrading athletic performance. National Basketball Association (NBA) players face a demanding travel schedule often requiring multiple games per week, with games spanning the continental United States. This investigation aimed to clarify the influence of circadian factors and travel distance on NBA performance using a dataset from the 2014-2018 seasons.

Methods
NBA (2014-2018) game data were acquired from an open-access source: (https://www.kaggle.com/ionaskel/nba-games-stats-from-2014-to-2018). Circadian variables of time zone change (TZ∆) and adjusted jet lag (AJL) were formulated, with quadratic versions utilized across analyses. TZ∆ captured circadian delay/advance based on travel for a game, with each TZ going eastward and westward reflected by -1 and +1, respectively. AJL advances TZ∆ by allowing acclimation to a novel TZ, with each day resulting in a 1-unit change towards circadian neutral. AJL is a season-long rolling summation, which was computed using two different travel approaches: Approach1 (AJL1) assumes travel the day before each game, whereas Approach2 (AJL2) was designed to prioritize being home. A standardized flight tracker determined travel distance for each game (GameDistance). Team ability differences, characterized as difference in season win percentages (SeasonWinPerDiff), served as an analytic covariate. Game point differential (PointDiff), defined as a team’s score minus their opponent’s score, and a team’s free throw percentage (FreeThrowPer) served as outcome variables. Linear mixed-effects modeling assessed univariate and multivariate associations, with games nested within both team and year.

Results
AJL2 (β = -0.63; p = .01) and GameDistance (β = -0.73; p&lt;0.0001) significantly associated with PointDiff. TZ∆ (β = -0.002; p = .03), AJL1 (β = -0.002; p =.04) and GameDistance (β = -0.003; p = 0.007) significantly associated with FreeThrowPer. AJL2 and GameDistance maintained significant relationship with PointDiff in fully adjusted model that included AJL2, GameDistance, and SeasonWinPerDiff.

Conclusion
Results suggest that both circadian delay/advance and greater distance traveled for games negatively influence NBA performance, even when controlling for differences in team ability. Season travel and flight plans could be constructed to reduce the effects of circadian misalignment and travel distance.

Support (If Any)
None
0005 Bidirectional associations of sleep and alcohol use within and between regularly drinking young adults
Authors: Reichenberger David , Chang Anne-Marie , Russell Michael 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Young adults can be resistant to drinking interventions, but improving other health behaviors, such as sleep, may indirectly reduce hazardous drinking. Evidence linking sleep to next-day drinking among regular drinkers could support sleep interventions as an indirect pathway to alcohol misuse reduction. We investigate this connection in the natural environments of 222 regularly drinking young adults.

Methods
Regularly drinking young adults (21-29 years; 63% women) wore an alcohol monitor across six days that continuously measured transdermal alcohol concentration (TAC). Participants completed daily smartphone-based surveys reporting the previous night number of drinks and sleep. Predictors were disaggregated into within- and between-person variables. Sleep variables were used to predict next-day alcohol use, and alcohol use variables were used to predict subsequent sleep. Multilevel Poisson and linear models with random intercepts for each outcome were adjusted for weekends, sex, weight, and prior night sleep/drinking.

Results
Between-person results showed that participants who tended to go to bed later had on average 24% more drinks (p&lt;0.01) and achieved 26% higher peak TAC (p&lt;0.02) the next day. Every hour of sleep duration the prior night was associated with a 14% decrease in the number of next-day drinks (p&lt;0.03). Conversely, participants who drank more went to bed on average 12-19 minutes later (p&lt;0.01) and slept 5 fewer minutes (p&lt;0.01). Within-person results showed that on nights when participants drank more than usual they went to bed 8-13 minutes later (p&lt;0.01), slept 2-4 fewer minutes (p&lt;0.03), and had worse sleep quality (p&lt;0.01).

Conclusion
Young adults who went to bed earlier and slept longer on average tended to use alcohol less the next day, and using less alcohol tended to improve subsequent sleep within young adults. Taken together, these results suggest that better sleep health may improve drinking behaviors and intoxication dynamics, which may have implications for interventions targeting sleep as a mechanism to reduce heavy drinking.

Support (If Any)
David Reichenberger was supported by the Prevention and Methodology Training Program (T32 DA017629) with funding from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). This research was funded by departmental funds and a pilot mentoring and professional development award through P50DA039838 (NIDA), both awarded to Michael Russell.
0011 Work Hard, Sleep Hard: Vigorous Workdays and Sleep Difficulties
Authors: Jeppson Jake , Mason Brooke , Wills Chloe , Tubbs Andrew , Killgore William , Grandner Michael 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
It is common in America to work 5 or 6 days as a full work week. This is exhausting, especially for those with a vocation that requires vigorous physical activity during the work day. Sleep is an important factor when assessing workplace efficiency, as those able to obtain regular healthy sleep will perform better.

Methods
A multinomial logistical regression analysis was conducted on the 2017 - March 2020 data collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to explore a relationship between those with self-assessed sleep difficulties and the number of days of vigorous physical activity during work. The specific question used for analysis was, “Does your work involve vigorous-intensity activity that causes large increases in breathing or heart rate like carrying or lifting heavy loads, digging or construction work for at least 10 minutes continuously?” If yes, the number of days during a typical week was recorded. Sleep difficulties were self-reported as difficulties “falling asleep, staying asleep, or sleeping too much” within the previous two weeks, categorized as “never,” “less than half the days,” “more than half the days,” and “nearly every day.” Reported results were unweighted; weighted results are forthcoming. Results were adjusted for sex, age, race/ethnicity, education level, and relationship status.

Results
Compared to those with no days of vigorous physical activity at work, those with 2 days were more likely to report having sleep difficulties several days in the past 2 weeks (OR: 1.13, [1.00,1.73], p=0.049). those reporting 6 days per week of vigorous work-related activity were less likely to report sleep difficulties several days (OR: 0.73, [0.59,0.91], p=0.004), more than half the days (OR: 0.67, [0.48,0.93], p=0.016), or nearly every day (OR: 0.68, [0.50,0.94], p=0.018). Those who reported 6 days per week of vigorous work-related activity were less likely to report sleep difficulties several days (OR: 0.75, [0.51,0.98], p=0.038) or more than half the days (OR: 0.57, [0.34,0.96], p=0.035).

Conclusion
It is possible that a physically demanding job has protective effects on sleep quality when compared to those that did not have any vigorous physical activity related to their profession.

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0017 Murder on the Midnight Express: Nocturnal Wakefulness and Homicide Risk
Authors: Holt Catie , Tubbs Andrew , Hendershot Sierra , Fernandez Fabian-Xosé , Karp Jordan , Klerman Elizabeth , Basner Mathias , Chakravorty Subhajit , Perlis Michael , Grandner Michael 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
There is a nocturnal peak in incident suicide risk after adjusting for population wakefulness (Perlis et al., 2016; Tubbs et al., 2020). This peak in risk is hypothesized to result from a series of negative changes in mood, reward processing, and executive function that occur at night and increase the propensity for dysregulated and violent behaviors. Although the unadjusted incidence of dying by homicide is elevated at night, no existing studies of time-of-day and death by violent crime have adjusted for population wakefulness.

Methods
Data from 48,486 homicide victims with a known time of fatal injury were collected from the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) for 2003-2017, tabulated by clock hour, age, sex, race, and ethnicity, and combined with population wakefulness data from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) for the same years. Homicide counts were additionally characterized by the proportion of cases with blood alcohol level (BAL) of 0, &lt;80mg/dl, or ≥80mg/dl at autopsy and modeled using robust Poisson regression with population wakefulness entered as an offset term, thus producing hourly incident risk ratios (IRR).

Results
Homicide counts were lowest in the morning (6AM-7AM) and highest at night (10PM-11PM). After adjusting for population wakefulness, the incident risk for death by homicide was elevated between 10PM and 5AM compared to the 24-hour average, with the highest risk between 2AM (IRR: 8.25 [6.62-10.3]) and 3AM (IRR: 7.22 [6.04-8.64]). Moreover, the adjusted risk of dying by homicide was significantly greater at night for those with a BAL≥80mg/dl, such that the risk at 2AM was 13.8-fold greater than the 24-hour average (IRR: 13.8 [10.6-18.1]).

Conclusion
The risk of homicide death is higher at night after adjusting for population wakefulness and especially among those with alcohol intoxication. Although homicide victims do not choose when to die (unlike suicide victims), neurophysiological changes at night may promote risky behaviors or put victims in more dangerous circumstances than they would be otherwise. Future research should examine sociodemographic, clinical, and circadian risk factors for death by homicide, as well as examine time-of-day patterns in other violent crimes.

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0018 Sleep Difficulty and Weekly Sedentary Minutes
Authors: Marshall Joseph , Mason Brooke , Wills Chloe , Tubbs Andrew , Grandner Michael 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Decreased energy and activity may be a mechanism linking poor sleep health and cardiometabolic risk. This study aimed to examine, at the national level, whether poor sleep quality was associated with more sedentary time (as opposed to less exercise, which has been difficult to establish).

Methods
Data from the 2017 - March 2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used. A linear regression analysis was completed to assess the relationship between sedentary minutes and self-reported sleep difficulties. These were assessed by self-report of difficulty “falling asleep, staying asleep, or sleeping too much” over the past 2 weeks, with options for “never,” “less than half the days,” “more than half the days” and “almost always.” Covariates included sex, age, race/ethnicity, education level, and relationship status. Results are unweighted; weighted results are forthcoming.

Results
All groups experiencing self-reported sleep difficulties demonstrated increased sedentary minutes when compared to those that do not experience sleep difficulties. More specifically, unadjusted results show 21.5 more sedentary minutes (B: 21.5, [95%CI:10.8,32.2], p&lt;0.001) for those that have sleep problems several days a week, 21.8 more sedentary minutes (B:21.8, [95%CI:4.90,38.7], p&lt;0.001) for those that have sleep difficulties more than half the days in a week, and 42.3 minutes (B: 42.3, [95%CI:26.8,57.8], p&lt;0.001) for those that have sleep difficulties nearly every day during the week. Once adjusted for covariates, results showed 17.6 more sedentary minutes (B:17.6, [95%CI:6.76,28.3], p&lt;0.001) for those that have sleep difficulties several days a week, 18.3 more minutes (B:18.3, [95%CI:1.45,35.1], p&lt;0.001) for those that have sleep difficulties more than half the days in a week, and 48.4 more sedentary minutes (B:48.4, [95%CI:32.8,63.9], p&lt;0.001) for those that have sleep difficulties nearly every day during the week.

Conclusion
Those with general sleep difficulties were more likely to report more sedentary minutes per day. Although previous efforts have focused on improving physical activity directly, perhaps future efforts could target sleep health as a way to reduce sedentary behavior.

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