bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KERAGAAN BIBIT KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) TERHADAP PEMBERIAN PUPUK ORGANIK DAN KOMPOSISI MEDIA YG BERBEDA
Authors: Yasmin Yasmin , Rosnina Rosnina 
Published: October 2022

Pemberian pupuk hayati yang tepat dan benar memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap ketersediaan unsur hara dan kesehatan tanah, serta ketahanan terhadap serangan penyakit sehingga meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan keragaan bibit kelapa sawit dengan pemberian pupuk organik hayati dan kompos tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS). Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan mengunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial dengan perlakuan terdiri dari dua faktor yaitu perbandingan volume kompos TKKS : top soil dan waktu pemberian pupuk hayati. Secara keseluruhan diperoleh 16 kombinasi, setiap kombinasi perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga kali sehingga terdapat 48 unit percobaan, dimana setiap unit percobaan terdiri atas 3 bibit kelapa sawit. Jumlah bibit kelapa sawit seluruhnya adalah 144 bibit kelapa sawit. Parameter pengamatan yaitu tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang dan peningkatan pertumbuhan. Kombinasi perlakuan terbaik adalah perbandingan kompos TKKS dengan top soil 2:6 dan pemberian pupuk hayati setiap bulan dengan peningkatan pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit masing-masing untuk tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan diameter batang adalah 97.18%, 52.26% dan 110.10%.
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN DAN NAFKAH PETANI BAWANG MERAH DI DESA NANGAWERA KECAMATAN WERA KABUPATEN BIMA
Authors: Ferian Ferian , Amruddin Amruddin , Sumarni Sumarni 
Published: October 2022

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pendapatan petani bawang merah serta untuk mengetahui dapatkah pendapatan bawang merah menjadi sumber nafkah bagi petani bawang merah di Desa Nangawera Kecamatan Wera Kabupaten Bima. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 215 orang petani bawang merah, jumlah sampel yang diambil sebanyak 15%, yaitu 32 orang petani bawang merah dengan menggunakan metode acak sederhana (simple random sampling). Analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu analisis kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa jumlah rata-rata biaya dari uasahatani bawang merah di Desa Nangawera Kecamatan Wera Kabupaten Bima sebesar Rp 36.797.508,00/panen/ha dan jumlah rata-rata pendapatan usahatani bawang merah Rp 77.301.755,00/panen/ha. Kontribusi usaha tani bawang merah terhadap rata-rata pendapatan rumah tangga sebesar 72,26, hal ini menunjukan bahwa usahatani bawang merah dapat menjadi sumber nafkah utama bagi petani bawang merah di daerah tersebut.
ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN MODAL DAN SUMBER PERMODALAN USAHATANI PADI SAWAH DI DESA JEMBAYAN DALAM
Authors: Mariati Rita , Mariyah Mariyah , Irawan Carissa Nadine 
Published: October 2022

Permodalan memiliki peran penting dalam usahatani. Namun, aksesibilitas petani terhadap sumber modal masih sangat terbatas dan kekurangan biaya produksi menjadi kendala. Jembayan Dalam merupakan desa yang berada di sekitar perusahaan tambang. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis karakteristik sosial ekonomi petani, ketersediaan modal, dan sumber modal usahatani padi sawah. Penelitian dilaksanakan April-Juli 2021 di Desa Jembayan Dalam, Kecamatan Loa Kulu, Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara acak sederhana dengan responden 34 orang petani. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis Return on Investment (ROI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik sosial ekonomi petani adalah pendidikan 6 tahun, pengalaman berusahatani 17 tahun, pendapatan Rp5.885.450,52/ha/tahun, status kepemilikan lahan milik sendiri, rata-rata luas lahan 1,13 ha, persentase petani tidak menabung 91,18%. Kebutuhan modal usahatani padi sawah sebesar Rp9.339.385,91/ha/tahun. Ketersediaan modal sebesar 62% dengan kekurangan sebesar Rp3.515.621,21/ha/tahun (38%). ROI sebesar 0,63, dimana 0,63<1. Artinya usahatani padi sawah tidak layak untuk diusahakan. Petani yang memiliki modal bersumber dari modal sendiri sebesar 70,59% dan modal pinjaman sebesar 29,41%. Modal pinjaman usahatani bersumber dari lembaga keuangan (17,65%), pinjaman non-bank (5,88%), dan tengkulak padi (5,88%). Implikasi penelitian ini adalah petani diharapkan mampu mengelola usahatani lebih baik, mengalokasikan pendapatannya kembali untuk usahatani dan lebih terbuka untuk mengakses informasi permodalan.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN REPRESENTASI MATEMATIS SISWA SMA PADA MATERI BARISAK DAN DERET ARITMATIKA
Authors: Kamulian Sri , Sirait Syahriani , Syafitri Ely 
Published: October 2022

AbstrakThis study aims to determine the ability of students mathematical representation on arithmetic sequences and series. This type of research is a qualitative approach. The research subjects were 15 students of class XI MIA 1 SMA Negeri 1 Air Batu T.A 2020/2021. The test instrument used in this study was in the form of 5 test questions referring to indicators of representational ability including: (1)visual representation ability, (2)mathematical expression representation ability, (3)written representation ability. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that about 73% of students were able to work on visual representation ability questions and about 27% were less able to work on visual representation problems. While mathematical expression skills, about 53% of students were able to work on mathematical expression representation skills and about 47% were less able to work on mathematical expression representation problems. And for written text abilities, about 33% of students were able to work on written text representation abilities, and about 67% more who have not been able to work on written text representation problems. Keywords: Sequences and Series, Mathematical Representation Ability. AbtrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan representasi matematis siswa pada materi barisan dan deret aritmatika. Jenis penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif. Subyek penelitian adalah 15 siswa kelas XI MIA 1 SMA Negeri 1 Air Batu T.A 2020/2021. Instrumen tes yang digunakan dalam penelitian berupa 5 tes soal yang mengacu pada indikator kemampuan representasi diantaranya: (1)kemampuan representasi visual, (2)kemampuan representasi ekspresi matematis, (3)kemampuan representasi tertulis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa sekitar 73% siswa mampu mengerjakan soal kemampuan representasi visual dan sekitar 27% lagi yang kurang mampu mengerjakan soal representasi visual. Sedangkan kemampuan ekspresi matematis, sekitar 53% siswa mampu mengerjakan soal kemampuan representasi ekspresi matematis dan sekitar 47% lagi yang kurang mampu mengerjakan soal representasi ekspresi matematis. Dan untuk kemampuan teks tertulis, sekitar 33% siswa mampu mengerjakan soal kemampuan representasi teks tertulis dan sekitar 67% lagi yang belum mampu mengerjakan soal representasi teks tertulis.
Comparison of intensity markers and cardiorespiratory responses in measuring maximum oxygen consumption between a non-motorised and motorised treadmill protocol
Authors: Storm Jana , Sparks Martinique , Willemse Yolandi 
Published: October 2022

The objective was to compare cardiorespiratory parameters between two graded exercise protocols to determine which one is most appropriate for training prescription for male university level distance runners. The graded exercise tests, namely the Adapted Incremental Speed Protocol (AISP), and the Adapted Non-Motorised Incremental Speed Protocol (ANMIP) was used to compare several cardiorespiratory responses, as well as two intensity markers: the ventilatory threshold (VT) and the respiratory compensation point (RCP). The maximal oxygen consumption ( ) value of the ANMIP significantly (p<0.05) exceeded that of the AISP within a significantly (p<0.05) shorter time frame (8:19±0:52 vs. 11:25±1:11min). The percentage of where VT and RCP were attained, was significantly higher (p<0.05) on the ANMIP (84.11±4.25 vs. 97.16±2.35%) compared to the AISP (75.74±7.84 vs. 93.3±3.86%). Consequently, the ANMIP is perceived substantially more difficult, both physiologically and psychologically. It can therefore be considered an ideal training tool to intensify exercise load with more time efficient training sessions for a distance running population. However, the obtained results during the ANMIP could overestimate exercise prescriptions and should therefore not be used for these purposes.
Nudge and bias in subjective ratings? The role of icon sets in determining ratings of icon characteristics
Authors: McDougall Siné , Reppa Irene , Taylor Jacqui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSubjective ratings have been central to the evaluation of icon characteristics. The current study examined biases in ratings in relation to the context in which icons are presented. Context was manipulated between participants, with some groups rating icon sets with limited variability, and others rating icon sets with wide variability. It was predicted that the context created by the icon set would influence participants’ ratings; when the range of icons was limited, this would create bias given participants’ expectation that a full range of icon values was being presented. Six key icon characteristics were rated, which were visual (visual complexity, appeal), affective (valence, feelings), and semantic (concreteness, semantic distance). Some icon characteristics were susceptible to rating bias while others were not. Where subjective judgements were being made of visual icon characteristics (appeal/complexity) and highly concrete icons which were very pictorial, there was clear evidence of substantial bias in ratings. The same susceptibility to bias was not evident when ratings relied solely on learned semantic associations or were associated with the emotional attributions made to icons. The dynamic nature of the ratings bias was demonstrated when the rating context was changed without participants’ knowledge. When participants rated further blocks of icons providing a different range of the to-be-rated characteristic, this resulted in rapid and dramatic changes in rating behaviour. These findings demonstrate the need for representative sampling of icon characteristics to avoid ratings bias. Practically, this is important when determining the usability of newly designed icon sets in order to avoid over-valuing or under-valuing of key characteristics.
FORMULASI SEDIAAN MASKER GEL PEEL OFF EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KELOR (Moringa oleifera L.) DENGAN KONSENTRASI EKSTRAK 5% DAN 10%
Authors: Sulistiorini Indriaty  , Lela Sulastri  , Putri Amalia  , Audhita Santana Salma 
Published: October 2022

Daun kelor (Moringa oleifera L.) merupakan tanaman yang memiliki kandungan senyawa aktif berupa flavonoid sebagai antibakteri. Maka dari itu dibuat sediaan farmasi berupa masker gel peel off dari ekstrak etanol daun kelor (Moringa oleifera L.) dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak 5% dan 10%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ekstrak etanol daun kelor (Moringa oleifera L.) dapat dibuat sediaan masker gel peel off yang stabil dengan konsentrasi ekstrak 5% dan 10%. Metode yang digunakan untuk pembuatan masker gel peel off yaitu pertama simplisia daun kelor (Moringa oleifera L.) dikeringkan dengan sinar matahari langsung yang ditutupi kain berwarna hitam, kemudian dilakukan proses maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96% serta selanjutnya dibuat sediaan masker gel peel off dan diuji dengan cycling test. Hasil pengujian stabilitas sediaan masker gel peel off ekstrak daun kelor uji organoleptis stabil. Hasil pengujian homogenitas pada sediaan masker peel off ekstrak daun kelor homogen karena warna terdispersi merata. Hasil pengujian daya sebar untuk basis berkisar antara 5,26 – 5,37 cm, formula 1 berkisar antara 5,48 – 5,69 cm, dan formula 2 berkisar antara 5,34 – 5,95 cm. Hasil pengujian pH pada basis berkisar antara 6,81 – 6,99, pada formula 1 berkisar antara 6,30 – 6,94, dan pada formula 2 berkisar antara 6,11 – 6,97. Hasil pengujian sediaan waktu mengering, waktu basis mengering lebih lama dikarenakan lebih banyak kandungan air dibandingkan formula 1 dan formula 2. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan stabilitas dengan menggunakan metode cycling test bahwa ekstrak etanol daun kelor (Moringa oleifera L.) dengan konsentrasi ekstrak 5% dan 10% dapat diformulasikan menjadi sediaan masker gel peel off ekstrak etanol daun kelor (Moringa oleifera L.). Sediaan masker gel peel off stabil dengan parameter uji, yaitu uji organolepis, homogenitas, pH, daya sebar, dan sediaan waktu mengering.
A CASE STUDY OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FACTORS ON THE DIFFICULTIES IN LEARNING ENGLISH
Authors: Wulandari Cahya , Surtikanti Monika Widyastuti , Agung Antonius Setyawan Sugeng Nur 
Published: October 2022

Difficulties in Learning English in EFL context are always interesting. Analysing it from the view of external and internal factors is the major interest of this case study. Describing the findings qualitatively is the purpose of this study. The subject in this research was the eleventh graders at SMAN 2 Sengah Temila in Landak Regency. There were 76 students participated in this study. The sources of the data were gathered from the classroom teacher, the students, and the portfolios. Data collection techniques in this research were: open-ended questionnaire, in-depth interview, and observation. Meanwhile, data analysis techniques used interactive analysis.This study finds the internal and the external factors affect the learning difficulties. The indicators on internal factors show (a) health conditions has no significant effect on learning difficulty, (b) the students’ interest and motivation affect the learning difficulty because no variation on the teaching method bored the students, (c) bad habits in studying evoke the learning difficulties. The indicators on external factors find (a) the teacher has a significant role to expand learning difficulties especially on the use of teaching method and media, (b) the classroom environment has no significant effect in learning difficulties since it is a conservative one.
THE USE OF VLOG AS A MEDIA FOR ENHANCING TENTH GRADERS HOSPITALITIES’ SPEAKING SKILL AT SMKN 8 SURABAYA
Authors: Agustin Felza Wiranadya 
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study was to describe the students’ speaking improvement after the implementation of Vlog as a medium in teaching and learning process. The subject of this research were the students at the tenth grade hospitality 1 of SMKN 8 Surabaya in the academic year 2021/2022, which consisted of 35 students. The method in this study was Classroom Action Research that completed within 2 cycles. Each cycles following the four phases in cyclical namely planning, acting, observing and reflecting. However, a different treatment was given in the second cycle for a better result. Based on the data, the students showed significant improvement in their speaking performance after the second cycle conducted. In the first cycle, only a few well engaged to the learning process. When performing their speaking skill, they still makes some pauses and mispronounce words. The scores showed only 60% of students met the minimum standard or KKM. In the second cycle, through revisions based on the first cycle, the students could speak more fluently and accurately, and it can be seen from 91% of students who can improve their score above the minimum criteria of mastery speaking. In conclusion, Vlog can be an alternative and innovative media to enhance the students’ speaking skill.
Chemical Abundances of Eight Highly-extincted Milky Way Planetary Nebulae*
Authors: Manea Catherine , Dinerstein Harriet L. , Sterling N. C. , Zeimann Greg 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Low- and intermediate-mass (0.8 M
⊙ < M < 8 M
⊙) stars that evolve into planetary nebulae (PNe) play an important role in tracing and driving Galactic chemical evolution. Spectroscopy of PNe enables access to both the initial composition of their progenitor stars and products of their internal nucleosynthesis, but determining accurate ionic and elemental abundances of PNe requires high-quality optical spectra. We obtained new optical spectra of eight highly-extincted PNe with limited optical data in the literature using the Low Resolution Spectrograph 2 on the Hobby–Eberly Telescope. Extinction coefficients, electron temperatures and densities, and ionic and elemental abundances of up to 11 elements (He, N, O, Ne, S, Cl, Ar, K, Fe, Kr, and Xe) are determined for each object in our sample. Where available, astrometric data from Gaia eDR3 is used to kinematically characterize the probability that each object belongs to the Milky Way's thin disk, thick disk, or halo. Four of the PNe show kinematic and chemical signs of thin disk membership, while two may be members of the thick disk. The remaining two targets lack Gaia data, but their solar O, Ar, and Cl abundances suggest thin disk membership. Additionally, we report the detection of broad emission features from the central star of M 3–35. Our results significantly improve the available information on the nebular parameters and chemical compositions of these objects, which can inform future analyses.
A Mildly Relativistic Outflow Launched Two Years after Disruption in Tidal Disruption Event AT2018hyz
Authors: Cendes Y. , Berger E. , Alexander K. D. , Gomez S. , Hajela A. , Chornock R. , Laskar T. , Margutti R. , Metzger B. , Bietenholz M. F. , Brethauer D. , Wieringa M. H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We present late-time radio/millimeter (as well as optical/UV and X-ray) detections of tidal disruption event (TDE) AT2018hyz, spanning 970–1300 d after optical discovery. In conjunction with earlier deeper limits, including those at ≈700 days, our observations reveal rapidly rising emission at 0.8–240 GHz, steeper than F

ν
∝ t
5 relative to the time of optical discovery. Such a steep rise cannot be explained in any reasonable scenario of an outflow launched at the time of disruption (e.g., off-axis jet, sudden increase in the ambient density), and instead points to a delayed launch. Our multifrequency data allow us to directly determine the radius and energy of the radio-emitting outflow, and we find from our modeling that the outflow was launched ≈750 days after optical discovery. The outflow velocity is mildly relativistic, with β ≈ 0.25 and ≈0.6 for a spherical geometry and a 10° jet geometry, respectively, and the minimum kinetic energy is E

K
≈ 5.8 × 1049 and ≈6.3 × 1049 erg, respectively. This is the first definitive evidence for the production of a delayed mildly relativistic outflow in a TDE; a comparison to the recently published radio light curve of ASASSN-15oi suggests that the final rebrightening observed in that event (at a single frequency and time) may be due to a similar outflow with a comparable velocity and energy. Finally, we note that the energy and velocity of the delayed outflow in AT2018hyz are intermediate between those of past nonrelativistic TDEs (e.g., ASASSN-14li, AT2019dsg) and the relativistic TDE Sw J1644+57. We suggest that such delayed outflows may be common in TDEs.
On the Coevolution of the AGN and Star-forming Galaxy Ultraviolet Luminosity Functions at 3 < z < 9
Authors: Finkelstein Steven L. , Bagley Micaela B. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Studies of the rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) luminosity functions (LFs) typically treat star-forming galaxies and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) separately. However, modern ground-based surveys now probe volumes large enough to discover AGNs at depths sensitive enough for fainter galaxies, bridging these two populations. Using these observations as constraints, we present a methodology to empirically jointly model the evolution of the rest-UV LFs at z = 3–9. Our critical assumptions are that both populations have LFs well described by double power laws modified to allow for a flattening at the faint-end, and that all LF parameters evolve smoothly with redshift. This methodology provides a good fit to the observations and makes predictions to volume densities not yet observed, finding that the volume density of bright (M
UV = −28) AGNs rises by ∼105 from z = 9 to z = 3, while bright (M
UV = −21) star-forming galaxies rise by only ∼102 across the same epoch. The observed bright-end flattening of the z = 9 LF is unlikely to be due to AGN activity, and rather is due to a shallowing of the bright-end slope, implying a reduction of feedback in bright galaxies at early times. The intrinsic ionizing emissivity is dominated by star-forming galaxies at z > 3, even after applying a notional escape fraction. We find decent agreement between our AGN LFs and predictions based on different black hole seeding models, though all models underpredict the observed abundance of bright AGNs. We show that the wide-area surveys of the upcoming Euclid and Roman observatories should be capable of discovering AGNs to z ∼ 8.
Milky Way's Eccentric Constituents with Gaia, APOGEE, and GALAH
Authors: Myeong G. C. , Belokurov Vasily , Aguado David S. , Evans N. Wyn , Caldwell Nelson , Bradley James 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We report the results of an unsupervised decomposition of the local stellar halo in the chemodynamical space spanned by the abundance measurements from APOGEE DR17 and GALAH DR3. In our Gaussian mixture model, only four independent components dominate the halo in the solar neighborhood, three previously known, Aurora, Splash, and Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GS/E), and one new, Eos. Only one of these four is of accreted origin, namely, the GS/E, thus supporting the earlier claims that the GS/E is the main progenitor of the Galactic stellar halo. We show that Aurora is entirely consistent with the chemical properties of the so-called Heracles merger. In our analysis in which no predefined chemical selection cuts are applied, Aurora spans a wide range of [Al/Fe] with a metallicity correlation indicative of a fast chemical enrichment in a massive galaxy, the young Milky Way. The new halo component dubbed Eos is classified as in situ given its high mean [Al/Fe]. Eos shows strong evolution as a function of [Fe/H], where it changes from being the closest to GS/E at its lowest [Fe/H] to being indistinguishable from the Galactic low-α population at its highest [Fe/H]. We surmise that at least some of the outer thin disk of the Galaxy started its evolution in the gas polluted by the GS/E, and Eos is evidence of this process.