bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ X-ray and acoustic observations of deep seismic faulting upon phase transitions in olivine
Authors: Ohuchi Tomohiro , Higo Yuji , Tange Yoshinori , Sakai Takeshi , Matsuda Kohei , Irifune Tetsuo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe activity of deep-focus earthquakes, which increases with depth from ~400 km to a peak at ~600 km, is enigmatic, because conventional brittle failure is unlikely to occur at elevated pressures. It becomes increasingly clear that pressure-induced phase transitions of olivine are responsible for the occurrence of the earthquakes, based on deformation experiments under pressure. However, many such experiments were made using analogue materials and those on mantle olivine are required to verify the hypotheses developed by these studies. Here we report the results of deformation experiments on (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 olivine at 11−17 GPa and 860−1350 K, equivalent to the conditions of the slabs subducted into the mantle transition zone. We find that throughgoing faulting occurs only at very limited temperatures of 1100−1160 K, accompanied by intense acoustic emissions at the onset of rupture. Fault sliding aided by shear heating occurs along a weak layer, which is formed via linking-up of lenticular packets filled with nanocrystalline olivine and wadsleyite. Our study suggests that transformational faulting occurs on the isothermal surface of the metastable olivine wedge in slabs, leading to deep-focus earthquakes in limited regions and depth range.
Structure, Mössbauer, electrical, and γ-ray attenuation-properties of magnesium zinc ferrite synthesized co-precipitation method
Authors: Zakaly Hesham M. H. , Issa Shams A. M. , Saudi H. A. , Alharshan Gharam A. , Uosif M. A. M. , Henaish A. M. A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFor technical and radioprotection causes, it has become essential to find new trends of smart materials which used as protection from ionizing radiation. To overcome the undesirable properties in lead aprons and provide the proper or better shielding properties against ionizing radiation, the tendency is now going to use ferrite as a shielding material. The co-precipitation method was utilized to prevent any foreign phases in the investigated MZN nano-ferrite. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) methods were used to analyze the manufactured sample. As proven by XRD and FTIR, the studied materials have their unique spinel phase with cubic structure Fd3m space group. The DC resistivity of Mg–Zn ferrite was carried out in the temperature range (77–295 K), and its dependence on temperature indicates that there are different charge transport mechanisms. The Mössbauer spectra analysis confirmed that the ferrimagnetic to superparamagnetic phase transition behaviour depends on Zn concentration. The incorporation of Zn to MZF enhanced the nano-ferrite density, whereas the addition of different Zn-oxides reduced the density for nano-ferrite samples. This variation in density changed the radiation shielding results. The sample containing high Zn (MZF-0.5) gives us better results in radiation shielding properties at low gamma, so this sample is superior in shielding results for charged particles at low energy. Finally, the possibility to use MZN nano-ferrite with various content in different ionizing radiation shielding fields can be concluded.
Climate adaptation pathways and the role of social-ecological networks in small-scale fisheries
Authors: Salgueiro-Otero Diego , Barnes Michele L. , Ojea Elena 
Published: September 2022

AbstractClimate change is expected to have increasing impacts on marine ecosystems which will threaten the livelihoods and wellbeing of millions of people. Drawing on social-ecological network and sociodemographic data collected via face-to-face interviews with 404 small-scale commercial fishers from 9 Galician communities (Spain), we empirically examine the adaptation pathways that fishers follow when they face hypothetical impacts on their fishery resources and test the role of five social-ecological network structures on fisher’s stated intended responses to such scenarios. Our results show that fishers generally intend to follow a ‘remain—adapt—transform—exit (the fishery)’ pathway when faced with increasing climate impacts. Next, we demonstrate that trust-based bonding ties and ties to informal leaders are associated with a ‘business-as-usual’ strategy. In contrast, communicative bonding ties are associated with adaptive responses, while communicative bridging ties are associated with transformative and exit strategies. Our findings provide key empirical insight that broaden our understanding of the intricate relationship between social networks and adaptive behaviour relevant to social-ecological systems worldwide.
Validation of the most cost-effective nudge to promote workers’ regular self-weighing: a cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Takebayashi Masaki , Yoshiike Nobuo , Koyama Tatsuya , Toriyabe Makiko , Nakamura Hiromi , Takebayashi Kurenai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRegular self-weighing is useful in obesity prevention. The impact of nudge-based occupational self-weighing programs in the cluster randomized controlled trial was examined. The primary outcome was regular self-weighing after 6 months, which we used to compute cost-effectiveness. Participants were Japanese local government employees who underwent 1 h workshops after being assigned to one of the three nudge groups. Each group was designed according to the nudges’ Easy, Attractive, Social, Timely framework: quiz group (n = 26, attractive-type nudges), implementation intentions group (n = 25, social-type nudges), and growth mindset group (n = 25, timely type nudges). A reference group (n = 36, no nudges) was also formed. After 6 months, all three interventions were effective for regular self-weighing, with the growth mindset intervention (60.0%) being significantly more effective. The cost-effectiveness of the growth mindset group was 1.7 times and 1.3 times higher than that of the quiz group and the implementation intentions group, respectively. Findings from our study are expected to facilitate the use of nudges for health practitioners and employers, which in turn may promote obesity prevention.
Microfluidic assisted low-temperature and speedy synthesis of TiO2/ZnO/GOx with bio/photo active cites for amoxicillin degradation
Authors: Sohrabi Somayeh , Keshavarz Moraveji Mostafa , Iranshahi Davood , Karimi Afzal 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFor the first time, a bio-photo-catalyst is synthesized in a microfluidic platform. The microchannel, which is wall-coated by in situ synthesized bio-photo-catalyst is used as an opto-fluidic reactor for amoxicillin degradation. Analyses including SEM, XRD, FTIR, Raman, UV–Vis spectra, and DLS have been used to characterize samples. The structure and morphology of TiO2 in microfluidic assisted synthesis are studied at 70–120 °C. The results show that both single-crystalline anatase sample and two-phase samples of anatase and rutile can be attained. According to SEM images, the smallest size and the narrowest particle size distribution (0.86 nm $$\pm \hspace{0.17em}0.14$$

±

0.14

) is achieved by synthesis at 70 °C. Elemental mapping of Ti shows a uniform coating layer on inner walls. Raman signals besides the primary amines in FTIR results show the biological activity of the cross-linked Glucose oxidase (GOx), which is aimed for situ generation of H2O2. FTIR comparison of bulk and spiral microfluidic synthesized ZnO indicates identical bonds. SEM-coupled with performance experimentation reveal that by regulating the flowrate of spiral micromixer for ZnCl2 at 25 µl/min and NaOH at 50 µl/min, the narrowest size distribution and best the bio-photo-catalytic performance of ZnO nanoparticles is observed.
Towards the identification of humic ligands associated with iron transport through a salinity gradient
Authors: Heerah Kavi M. , Reader Heather E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHumic ligands from boreal rivers have been identified as important sources of iron-binding ligands to the coastal marine environment but remain poorly characterized. A novel method using Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to identify and quantify iron-binding ligands present in a boreal river in Newfoundland, Canada. 20 to 35% of the total iron load was carried through an artificial salinity gradient, and remained in solution at 35 salinity. Using FTIR combined with linear regression and 2D correlation analysis, we identified two pools of organic ligands, with different behaviour with regards to iron across the salinity gradient. The weaker ligand pool consisted of alkenes, ethers, and esters, and was found to release iron to flocculation at low salinities, and not contribute to iron transport into the marine environment. The stronger ligand group contained carboxylic acids and aliphatic functional groups. This group appears to contain two subgroups, one which was able to retain iron in the dissolved phase at 35 salinity, and another that flocculated out with iron across the salinity gradient. The strong ligands that retain iron in solution through the salinity gradient provide a much-needed source of the micronutrient to the coastal and marine environment, while the other subgroup sequesters iron and carbon in estuarine sediments. The balance between these two subgroups appears to be controlled by the hydrographic and weather conditions at the time of sampling, suggesting a dynamic ligand-iron relationship throughout the year, impacting the biogeochemical cycles of both iron and carbon in contrasting ways.
Form, synapses and orientation topography of a new cell type in layer 6 of the cat’s primary visual cortex
Authors: Srivastava Mohit , Angel Cintia , Kisvárday Réka Eszter , Kocsis Zsolt , Stelescu András , Talapka Petra , Kisvárday Zoltán 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHere we report the morpho-functional features of a novel type of deep-layer neuron. The neuron was selected from a large pool of intracellularly labelled cells based on the large cell body, numerous spine-free dendrites with an overall interneuron morphology. However, the axon gave off long-range axons up to 2.8 mm from the parent soma in layers 5/6 before entering the white matter. The boutons were uniformly distributed along the axon without forming distinct clusters. Dendritic length, surface area and volume values were at least 3 times larger than any known cortical neuron types with the exception of giant pyramidal cells of layer 5. Electron microscopy of the boutons revealed that they targeted dendritic spines (78%) and less frequently dendritic shafts (22%). Nearly half of the postsynaptic dendrites were immunopositive to GABA. Superimposing the axonal field on the orientation map obtained with optical imaging showed a preponderance of boutons to cross-orientations (38%) and an equal representation of iso- and oblique orientations (31%). The results suggest an integrating role for the layer 6 stellate neuron which projects to a functionally broad range of neurons in the deep cortical layers and to other cortical and/or subcortical regions.
On the extreme hydrologic events determinants by means of Beta-Singh-Maddala reparameterization
Authors: Domma Filippo , Condino Francesca , Franceschi Sara , De Luca Davide Luciano , Biondi Daniela 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn previous studies, beta-k distribution and distribution functions strongly related to that, have played important roles in representing extreme events. Among these distributions, the Beta-Singh-Maddala turned out to be adequate for modelling hydrological extreme events. Starting from this distribution, the aim of the paper is to express the model as a function of indexes of hydrological interest and simultaneously investigate on their dependence with a set of explanatory variables in such a way to explore on possible determinants of extreme hydrologic events. Finally, an application to a real hydrologic dataset is considered in order to show the potentiality of the proposed model in describing data and in understanding effects of covariates on frequently adopted hydrological indicators.
Interphotoreceptor matrix proteoglycans IMPG1 and IMPG2 proteolyze in the SEA domain and reveal localization mutual dependency
Authors: Mitchell Benjamin , Coulter Chloe , Geldenhuys Werner J. , Rhodes Scott , Salido Ezequiel M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM) is a specialized extracellular mesh of molecules surrounding the inner and outer segments of photoreceptor neurons. Interphotoreceptor matrix proteoglycan 1 and 2 (IMPG1 and IMPG2) are major components of the IPM. Both proteoglycans possess SEA (sperm protein, enterokinase and agrin) domains, which may support proteolysis. Interestingly, mutations in the SEA domains of IMPG1 and IMPG2 are associated with vision disease in humans. However, if SEA domains in IMPG molecules undergo proteolysis, and how this contributes to vision pathology is unknown. Therefore, we investigated SEA-mediated proteolysis of IMPG1 and IMPG2 and its significance to IPM physiology. Immunoblot analysis confirmed proteolysis of IMPG1 and IMPG2 in the retinas of wildtype mice. Point mutations mimicking human mutations in the SEA domain of IMPG1 that are associated with vision disease inhibited proteolysis. These findings demonstrate that proteolysis is part of the maturation of IMPG1 and IMPG2, in which deficits are associated with vision diseases. Further, immunohistochemical assays showed that proteolysis of IMPG2 generated two subunits, a membrane-attached peptide and an extracellular peptide. Notably, the extracellular portion of IMPG2 trafficked from the IPM around the inner segment toward the outer segment IPM by an IMPG1-dependent mechanism. This result provides the first evidence of a trafficking system that shuttles IMPG1 and IMPG2 from the inner to outer IPM in a co-dependent manner. In addition, these results suggest an interaction between IMPG1–IMPG2 and propose that mutations affecting one IMPG could affect the localization of the normal IMPG partner, contributing to the disease mechanism of vision diseases associated with defective IMPG molecules.
Experimental investigation on machining characteristics of titanium processed using electrolyte sonicated µ-ECDM system
Authors: Bhargav K. V. J. , Balaji P. S. , Sahu Ranjeet Kumar , Leblouba Moussa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMicromachining of difficult-to-machine materials is of prime focus nowadays. One such material is Titanium, which has numerous applications in aerospace, chemical, and biomedical industries. The micromachining of Titanium has become the need of the day because of its exhilarating properties. This investigation employs a tailor-made electrolyte sonicated micro-electrochemical discharge machining (ES-µ-ECDM) system to generate microholes in a commercially pure titanium plate with a thickness of 1000 µm. The machining chamber is the ultrasonication unit (36 kHz) with process parameters voltage (V), concentration (wt%), and duty factor (DF) chosen at three levels. The FCC-RSM-based DOE is selected for experimentation to study the machining characteristics like material removal rate, overcut, and circularity. Through holes were achieved at parameters of 80 V, 25 wt%, and 60% DF and 80 V, 30 wt%, and 50% DF. The incorporation of ultrasonication into the system enhanced electrolyte replenishment and evacuation of the debris at the machining vicinity. The assistance technique improved the gas film stabilization around the tool enabling uniform machining. The multi-response optimization is performed using the MOJAYA algorithm to obtain Pareto optimal solutions, and the MADM (R-method) is employed to obtain the optimal parameter. The optimal parameter was found to be 69 V, 30 wt%, and 50% DF, at which the machined microhole was found to have a circularity of 0.9615 with minimal surface defects.
Gut bacteria induce oviposition preference through ovipositor recognition in fruit fly
Authors: He Muyang , Chen Huimin , Yang Xiaorui , Gao Yang , Lu Yongyue , Cheng Daifeng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGut bacteria play important roles in insect life cycle, and various routes can be used by insects to effectively transmit their gut bacteria. However, it is unclear if the gut bacteria can spread by actively attracting their insect hosts, and the recognition mechanisms of host insects are poorly understood. Here, we explore chemical interactions between Bactrocera dorsalis and its gut bacterium Citrobacter sp. (CF-BD). We found that CF-BD could affect the development of host ovaries and could be vertically transmitted via host oviposition. CF-BD could attract B. dorsalis to lay eggs by producing 3-hexenyl acetate (3-HA) in fruits that were hosts of B. dorsalis. Furthermore, we found that B. dorsalis could directly recognize CF-BD in fruits with their ovipositors in which olfactory genes were expressed to bind 3-HA. This work reports an important mechanism concerning the active spread of gut bacteria in their host insects.
Semi‐supervised pedestrian and face detection via multiple teachers
Authors: Gu Yu , Lu Tao , Fang Wenhua , Zhang Yanduo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSemi‐supervised learning aims to boost the model performance by large amounts of unlabelled data, thereby reducing the overheads of labelling. For joint pedestrian and face detection in real‐world scenarios, the existing semi‐supervised object detection methods rarely focus on the category relevance between samples, resulting in unsatisfied classification performance. And it is not effective for existing semi‐supervised methods to integrate the categories from two datasets to obtain an ensemble network. In this work, a novel approach aiming to fully utilise category‐relevant information is proposed. Firstly, the multi‐teacher distillation for decoupling pedestrian and face categories are introduced to eliminate category unfairness in distillation process. Second, a coupled attention module embedded in classification head of the student network is proposed to better grasp the relevance of different categories from teachers and guide distillation. Moreover, the constraint loss is designed for stabilising the training process and better converging, so as to tailor a versatile student. The experimental results on the CrowdHuman and WiderFace benchmarks demonstrate the superiority of the approach over the state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Study on the water‐tree ageing characteristics of polyethylene/organic montmorillonite and crosslinked polyethylene/organic montmorillonite nanocomposites
Authors: Li Xiufeng , Yang Yunmeng , Wang Qiang , Gao Yuan , Zhang Wei , Liu Zhengdi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe dispersion state of nanoparticles affects the properties of composites, and the crosslinking process of polymers affects the dispersion state of nanoparticles. In order to investigate the effects of crosslinking behaviour on the water‐tree ageing characteristics of nanocomposite dielectrics at the molecular level, polyethylene/organic‐montmorillonite (PE/organic montmorillonite (OMMT)) and crosslinked polyethylene/organic‐montmorillonite (XLPE/OMMT) nanocomposites were prepared by the melt blending method, after which the accelerated water‐tree ageing experiments were conducted using a needle electrode. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, successive self‐nucleation annealing and scanning electron microscope (SEM) tests were conducted to characterise the properties of the samples before and after water‐tree ageing. The results indicate that the initiation probability and the length of water trees in XLPE/OMMT are less than those in PE/OMMT. The carbonyl index in the water‐tree area of the two nanocomposites increases, indicating that the water‐tree ageing is the result of electrochemical degradation. The crystallisability of the water‐tree area degrades, decreasing the crystallinity and the lamellar thickness. The growth of water trees destroys molecular chains and crystal structures, which results in local cracks. There are many holes for the water tree growth in the PE/OMMT specimen. However, the crosslinked meshwork not only restricts the movement of macromolecular chains but also increases the stability of the lamellar barrier effect of OMMT. The combination of the two effects significantly improves the water‐tree resistance of the XLPE/OMMT nanocomposite.
High speed protection of medium voltage DC distribution system using modified mathematical morphology
Authors: Shah Maqsood Ahmad , Bukhari Syed Basit Ali , Imran Kashif , Mehmood Khawaja Khalid , Mumtaz Faisal , Abusorrah Abdullah , Kazmi Syed Ali Abbas , Wadood Abdul 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOne of the challenging issues in the realization of medium‐voltage DC (MVDC) distribution system is high‐speed protection scheme design against quickly rising short circuit fault‐DC current. This paper proposes a high‐speed protection scheme based on the processing of energy signals through mathematical morphology (MM). The voltage and current signals measured at a distribution line section (DLS) are used to obtain the energy signal. The proposed scheme develops a modified MM‐based filter to extract the transient information in the energy signal rapidly and distinctly in the form of positive/negative polarity. The polarity detection of any disturbance in the analysed energy signal indicates the occurrence of a sudden disturbance in the system. The sudden disturbance occurrence confirmation triggers the faulty DLS identification and classification algorithms of the proposed scheme. The faulty DLS identification and classification algorithms are based on the detected polarities of the energy signal. The protection scheme requires low bandwidth communication. The proposed protection scheme is evaluated by using a ±2.5 kV radial distribution network containing 4 feeders under different fault conditions in MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Simulation results verify that the proposed scheme can isolate the faulty portion within a few milliseconds after fault inception under a variety of fault cases.