bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Close-Range 3-D Millimeter Wave Imaging with Full Path Loss Based on Range Stacking Algorithm
Authors: Nie Xinyi , Wang Sheng , Qing Anyong , Lin Chuan , Amsdon Tim 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
An accurate and more more efficient millimeter-wave imaging algorithmfor monostatic system is presented in this paper. First of all, a moreprecise physical model which takes into account propagation loss of both theincident wave and reflected wave is implemented. Consequently, the proposedalgorithm obtains a better imaging result for multiple targets in differentranges. However, the accordingly physical model can not be processed by theclassical mathematical model, such as spherical wave decomposition and Weylidentity. Therefore, the method of stationary phase (MSP) is applied to derivethe imaging equation. In addition, range stacking is introduced to avoidtime-consuming interpolation in the spectral domain, which also contributesto improved computational efficiency compared with the algorithms using interpolationprocess. Quality of imaging efficiency have been improved in numericalresults with both synthetic data and full-wave simulation data. Theproposed algorithm has been further justified through laboratory testing withour in-house developed prototype.
Isotopic insights into the Early Acheulean (1.95 Ma-1.66 Ma) high-elevation paleoenvironments at Melka Kunture (Upper Awash, Ethiopia)
Authors: Briatico Giuseppe , Bocherens Hervé , Bonnefille Raymonde , Geraads Denis , Mussi Margherita 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

In this paper, we present carbon and oxygen stable isotope analysis of fauna tooth enamel from Garba IVD (~1.95 Ma) and Gombore IB (~1.66 Ma), two Early Acheulean sites of Melka Kunture (Upper Awash, Ethiopia) and discuss faunal taxonomy and fossil pollen. Our aim is to infer the diet, habitat, and environment at both sites and provide a broader paleoecological reconstruction. During the Pleistocene, the vegetation of the highlands of Ethiopia belonged to the “Dry evergreen Afromontane Forest and grassland complex”, distinct from the savanna of lower elevations in East Africa.
Our carbon isotopic results indicate that all the analyzed faunal taxa were grazers, consuming C4 grasses, while oxygen isotopic results clearly discriminate the taxa according to their semi-aquatic or terrestrial habitats. These results are consistent with the analysis of the faunal assemblages and the palynological results, suggesting extended mountain grasslands in the landscape at Garba IVD. In contrast, the carbon isotopic results do not totally agree with the pollen paleoenvironmental reconstruction at Gombore IB, where the open vegetation was interrupted by forests and bushy vegetation. Stable isotopes and pollen data provide different outcomes (feeding strategies vs. nearby plants) and have different temporal and spatial resolutions. This is relevant when reconstructing past environments by exclusively using independent proxies. Furthermore, isotopic comparisons with other East African archaeological sites of the Lower Pleistocene age indicate that all the analyzed taxa fed on C4 grasses, and that their dietary strategies were not affected by differences linked to various elevations.
Phenology and reproductive biology of the southern rockhopper penguin (Eudyptes chrysocome chrysocome) at Isla Pingüino (Santa Cruz province, Argentina)
Authors: Lera Melisa Denise , Barrionuevo Melina , Morgenthaler Annick , Millones Ana , Frere Esteban 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
An essential trait to study population ecology of any species is reproduction, including parental care. In marine birds, these behaviors are well defined and stereotyped. Our study focused on analyzing those of the southern rockhopper penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome chrysocome), aiming to describe the breeding aspects of life history of the population of Isla Pingüino, Argentina. This species inhabits isolated, hardly accessible areas, which makes knowledge about them scarce. Here, we implemented a novel methodology, by marking individuals and using time-lapse cameras to get 24-hour records of complete breeding seasons. Their breeding cycle was in agreement with existing data; the adults followed a fixed pattern of nest and chick attendance. Females invested more time in incubating the eggs, while males were more dedicated to chick guarding. Feeding events were more frequently held by females, with males only contributing during the crèche period. The effect of weather conditions on chick survival was assessed, since uncommonly high air temperatures were reached during the study, causing unprecedented chick mass mortality. We found that there is a lethal temperature threshold for them, hence the occurrence of several extremely hot days increases the number of dead chicks. The methodology implemented has several benefits, being useful for future research, and can be applied in other colonies of the world to improve the quality of colony monitoring and detect potential threats of this vulnerable species.
Effect of Psychostimulant Medications on Muscle Tone in Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Within-Subject Repeated-Measure Study Design
Authors: Alotaibi Mansour M. , Motl Robert W. , Stavrinos Despina , Snyder Scott W. , Singh Harshvardhan , Lein Donald H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: To determine PF spasticity and the effect of PS on PF spasticity and ankle plantarflexor resistance to stretch (PFRS) in adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
Methods: Participants completed two visits (off-medication and on-medication). During both visits, the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) was administered to measure PF spasticity. Two device-measured (isokinetic-dynamometer [Biodex] and surface electromyograph [sEMG]) tests assessed PFRS: reflex mediated, and non-reflex mediated.
Results: Adults with ADHD (n= 39, 31 females; mean age=28.6±6.7 years). Overall, adults with ADHD displayed elevated PF spasticity (average MAS>1). PS use was not associated with changes in PFRS [F(1,38)=0.001;p=0.972;ηp2=0.01]. A sub-analysis indicated that PS was associated with reduced PFRS [F(2,36)=4.449;p=0.019;η2=0.20], specifically with the reflex-mediated component, among the predominantly inattentive ADHD subtype.
Conclusions: Adults with ADHD displayed increased PF spasticity. PS use was associated with reduced reflex mediated PFRS in adults with the predominantly Inattentive subtype of ADHD only.
Vancomycin resistant Enterococci Faecium: A sinister cause of Necrotizing Pneumonia in Post COVID patient
Authors: GUPTA CHHAVI , Sharma Shiwangi , Agarwal Meenakshi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Post COVID necrotizing pneumonia has been rarely reported. We report of case of 55-year-old male with underlying comorbidities of diabetes and hypertension and history of severe COVID 19 illness managed with mechanical ventilation. Few days after recovery, he developed bilateral pneumothorax and empyema with lung collapse and multiple patchy air opacities. Pus discharge from both intercostal tubes grew Enterococcus faecium resistant to Vancomycin and sensitive to Linezolid. Patient was successfully treated with linezolid and showed complete recovery.
The Role of Financial Sector development and Green Finance in promoting sustainable performance: Evidence from renewable energy projects in Pakistan
Authors: Shandong Naveed Jan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between green finance dimensions (ESE), the role of financial sector development, and the sustainable performance of renewable energy projects. Green finance with multiple dimensions (economic, social, and environmental) was adopted in the study. The study used structured questionnaires and the data is collected from different projects working in the southern part of Pakistan on energy generation which consist of 400 sample sizes. The study used structural equation modeling to analyze the theoretical framework of the study. Three different types of tests were performed over primary data. First, descriptive statistics were performed to examine and describe the sample demographic information (Loeb et al., 2017). Second, confirmatory analysis was used to evaluate the survey's psychometric properties, including its validity and reliability. Third, partial least squares equation modeling was used to test the hypothesis of the study. The results of the study indicate that the green finance economic dimension has a positive impact on the sustainable performance of renewable energy projects. Moreover, the results of the study indicate that the green finance social dimension has a positive impact on the sustainable performance of renewable energy projects. Furthermore, the results of the study indicate that the green finance environmental dimension has a positive impact on the sustainable performance of renewable energy projects. Finally, the results of the study confirmed the positive mediating role of financial sector development intervention in the relationship between green finance dimensions and sustainable performance of renewable energy projects. The findings have important insights for various stakeholders i.e. government, regulatory bodies, practitioners, academia and industry.
Uncovering N7-Methylguanosine regulator-mediated methylation modification pattern and Landscape of anti-PD-1/L1 Immunotherapy and immune microenvironment infiltration characterization in Lower-Grade Glioma
Authors: Maimaiti Aierpati , Feng Zhaohai , Liu Yanwen , Turhon Mirzat , Xie Zhihao , Wang Xixian , Kasimu Maimaitijiang , Jiang Lei , Wang Yongxin , Wang Zengliang , Pei Yinan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
N7-methylguanosine (m7G) modification signature has been found recently in cancer and is now known as an essential regulator of tumor progression and treatment. As a result of the function of m7G methylation modification genes in tumorigenesis and progression, there isn't much information related to the genomic profile of lower-grade gliomas (LGGs).
Result
In this research, bioinformatics analysis methods were used to characterize m7G modifications in individuals with LGG from The Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Afterward, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), single sample GSEA (ssGSEA), CIBERSORT algorithm, ESTIMATE algorithm, R package "GSVA," and TIDE were used to evaluate the association between m7G modification patterns, TME cell infiltration properties as well as the correlation regarding immune infiltration markers. The m7G scoring scheme using principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to investigate the m7G modification patterns of individual tumors quantitatively. We examined the m7G modification hub genes' expression levels in normal samples, refractory epilepsy samples, and lower-grade glioma samples using immunohistochemistry, western-blotting, and QRT-PCR.It was discovered that individuals with LGG were categorized into two groups in terms of m7G scores (high and low) as per the properties of m7G. After observing the anti-PD-1 cohort, it has been noted that individuals having a high m7G score had significant clinical benefit, along with considerably prolonged survival duration. Opposing this, individuals in the anti-PD-L1 cohort having low m7G scores had improved prognostic outcomes and were more likely to have CR (Complete Response) / PR (Partial Response). Different m7G subtypes have different TMB (Tumor Mutational Burden) and immune profiles and might have varied responses to immunotherapy. Moreover, five potential genetic markers were found that were highly correlated with the index of the m7G score signature.
Conclusion
Conclusively, a thorough investigation of the features and classification associated with m7G methylation modifications may improve the clinical outcome of LGG.
Inactivation of MGMT is Associated With the Efficacy of Streptozocin and High-grade Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Authors: Yagi Kohei , Ono Hiroaki , Kudo Atsushi , Kinowaki Yuko , Asano Daisuke , Watanabe Shuichi , Ishikawa Yoshiya , Ueda Hiroki , Akahoshi Keiichi , Tanaka Shinji , Tanabe Minoru 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background/Purpose: O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) has been linked with alkylating agent resistance and tumor growth suppression. However, its role remains undetermined in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (Pan-NENs). This study examined the expression of MGMT in Pan-NENs and explored how MGMT affects the efficacy of the alkylating agent streptozocin (STZ).
Methods: The expression of MGMT was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining in 146 Pan-NEN patients at our institute; MGMT immunoreactivity and clinicopathological factors were evaluated.
Results: In 146 Pan-NEN, 99 cases (67.8%) were judged as MGMT-positive and 47 cases (32.2%) as negative. MGMT-negative cases were associated significantly with larger tumor size (p<0.001), higher mitotic index (p<0.001), and higher Ki-67 index (p<0.001). Of the 19 cases treated with STZ, 6 cases were determined as SD and 4 cases as PD in MGMT-positive patients (N=10), while 5 cases were determined as PR and 4 cases as SD in MGMT-negative patients (N=9). Progression-free survival in MGMT-negative cases was significantly better than in MGMT-positive cases (p=0.042).
Conclusions: MGMT expression was decreased with higher grade Pan-NENs, and STZ improved the therapeutic outcomes of MGMT-negative Pan-NENs. These findings indicate that higher grade Pan-NENs may represent a better therapeutic target for STZ treatment.
Effects of Multiple Trace Elements Supplementation on Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Factor in Rats Fed a High-sucrose Diet
Authors: Qi Shaojun , Tang Yanjin , Zhang Jiacheng , Liu Rui , Qin Chuan , Gao Xibao 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study was designed to examine the effects of trace elements on inflammation and antioxidant capacity in rats with high-sucrose diet. Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group I, control diet; group II, control diet + trace elements; group III, high-sucrose diet; group IV, high-sugar diet + trace elements. While the animals were fed, rats in group II and group IV were given a supplement of eleven kinds of trace elements including boron, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, copper, zinc, selenium, strontium and molybdenum by gavage every day, whereas others were injected with physiological saline. At 4, 8, 12 and 20 weeks, the changes of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers at each time point were evaluated. The results showed that the high-sucrose diet rats induced a noticeable increase in body weight, blood glucose, and significantly caused oxidative stress and inflammation. In addition, the trace elements supplement significantly reduced the trace element deficiency and high-sucrose diet induced by the rise of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, but promoted the secretion of interleukin-4 and interleukin-10. Secondly, supplementation of trace elements can inhibit the decrease of catalase, total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in serum and spleen of rats with high- sucrose diet, improve the level of glutathione and total antioxidant capacity, and reduce the production of malondialdehyde. Finally, micronutrient balance can prevent weight gain caused by high-sucrose diet in rats.
Radicular intracanal splitting forces and cutting efficiency of NiTi rotary versus reciprocating systems: A comparative in vitro study
Authors: AL-JADAA Anas , ALSMADI Ranya F. , SALEM Wesal M. , ABDULRIDHA Aya A. , AFRASHTEHFAR Kelvin I. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

This study aimed to compare the intracanal lateral force and cutting efficiency associated with two engine-driven nickel-titanium (NiTi) systems during root canal shaping. Bovine single-rooted teeth models were assembled to a custom-made splitting force measuring platform while being endodontically treated with rotary (ProTaper Gold [PTG]) or reciprocal systems (WaveOne Gold [WOG]) by two clinicians. The cutting efficiency test was run for each group by a free-falling endomotor on dentin discs for 3 minutes. The resulting force, files, and stroke force peaks were recorded. Data were analyzed by the Shapiro-Wilk test and ANOVA. Statistical significance was set at alpha = 0.05. Intraracanal lateral forces (p < 0.01), cutting efficiency (p < 0.01), and time efficiency (p < 0.01) were significantly different between the NiTi groups. The maximum lateral splitting force was detected using the PTG shaping full-length file (S1) and during the WOG final stroke. Thus, caution is advised when reciprocating single-file systems approach the apical third or when using large taper and wide-diameter rotatory instruments. The WOG had significantly less maximum horizontal splitting force and significantly greater cutting efficiency but less time efficiency than the PTG system.
Acute pancreatitis caused by hypertriglyceridemia
Authors: Nabki Reem , Ali Ayman 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background and Aim: Although hypertriglyceridemia is a recognized cause of acute pancreatitis, the clinical course remains unknown. Furthermore, lipemic serum can interfere with precise pancreatic enzyme measurements, making it difficult to diagnose acute pancreatitis. The goal was to examine the clinical performance of hypertriglyceridemia acute pancreatitis and the diagnostic utility of pancreatic enzyme serum measurements.
Methods: The demographic, clinical, analytical, and radiological data of 30 patients with hypertriglyceridemia acute pancreatitis were reviewed retrospectively. Acute pancreatitis was diagnosed based on clinical, radiological, and/or laparotomical evidence. When all other reasons were ruled out, serum triglyceride levels of more than 500 mg/dl were deemed the cause of acute pancreatitis.
Results: 40% of the patients were between the ages of 50 and 59. In 22 patients (73.3%), the most frequent symptoms were vomiting, 8 diarrhea or constipation (26.6%), 8 nausea (26.6%), 5 loss of appetite (16.6%), 5 fever (16.6%), and 4 chills (13.3%). The patients' mean white blood cell count was 13020.54, their mean amylase was 1184.50, their mean inflammatory marker (CRP) was 91.43, and their mean creatinine was 1.08. By investigating the link between BISAP and age, gender, and behaviors Due to the limited sample size and wide dispersion, there was no statistical association despite the hints offered by the research samples.
Conclusion: Elevated blood triglyceride levels are linked to a more severe course of pancreatitis. It is important to emphasize the increased incidence of local problems in HTG patients, which increases proportionately and considerably with HTG severity grade.
Safety of intravitreal anti VEGF injections in diabetic macular edema
Authors: ELShafie Mohamed 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective
Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the most common cause of visual impairment in patients with diabetes mellitus. The pathogenesis of DME is complex and multifactorial. DME can be diagnosed using noncontact stereoscopic biomicroscopy, contact lens biomicroscopy, Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents have been investigated in the treatment of DME. This study aims to investigate safety of intravitreal anti VEGF during six-month follow up.
Methods
Sixty patients with type I or II diabetes mellitus complaining from central involved DME were recruited for this longitudinal study. All patients were subjected to full history taking, complete ophthalmological examination, systemic evaluation, FFA and OCT imaging. Patients were subdivided into three groups, 20 patients each: Ranibizumab group, Bevacizumab group and Aflibercept group.
Results
After 6-month follow-up, the ranibizumab group showed slightly higher systemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents rates, while the Bevacizumab group showed insignificant higher risk of ocular inflammation and endophthalmitis, aflibercept has the least incidence of ocular adverse effects.
Conclusion
Anti VEGF intravitreal injections are relatively safe for treatment of DME. Aflibercept showed the least incidence of ocular side effects. The current study suggested that intravitreal anti-VEGF could be administered safely to diabetic patients with decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
The Restoration of Serpentine Plant-Pollinator Mutualisms
Authors: Nelson Rebecca Ann , Dritz Sabine , Valdovinos Fernanda S. , Aigner Paul A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Plant-pollinator mutualisms contribute to biodiversity and ecosystem function. Invasive species, however, can alter the structure and function of plant-pollinator mutualisms. Illuminating how restoration affects plant-pollinator mutualisms can provide insights into how mutualistic communities assemble and can inform management. We investigated how removing invasive barbed goatgrass (Aegilops triuncialis) influenced the diversity, abundance, and structure of plant-pollinator interactions in a California serpentine meadow. Goatgrass removal treatments resulted in decreased goatgrass cover and increased native forb cover compared to the control treatment. Restored plots had increased pollinator morphospecies richness, Shannon diversity, and pollinator abundance across all years. The restored network had a less nested structure than the control network. Plant-pollinator networks for the restored treatments had higher mean numbers of shared plant partners among pollinators and higher pollinator niche overlap relative to the control. The native forb goldfields (Lasthenia californica) acted as a generalist hub for pollinators within the networks, contributing more strongly to network nestedness in the restored treatment relative to the control. Overall, we found that removing invasive goatgrass increased pollinator diversity and abundance, resulting in higher niche overlap among pollinators visiting a generalist wildflower species. Network-based approaches can inform the restoration of plant-pollinator mutualisms, while providing insights into how mutualistic communities respond to invasive species.
Assessment of consumers’ awareness and ability to identify counterfeit drugs in developing countries in Africa – a cross sectional study based on online survey
Authors: Onuh Gideon , Hinga Simon Karanja , Nyamweya Boniface Makori , Aderemi Atayero A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Counterfeit drugs have been reported as the primary cause of increased morbidity and drug resistance in developing countries. However, consumers' awareness of the prevalence of fake drugs in developing countries remains unknown.
Objectives: To assess consumers' awareness and the principal contributors to counterfeit drugs, and propose measures to curb this menace in developing countries.
Method: Data were collected from participants from July 2020 to September 2020. In the questionnaire, there were three sections: (1) sociodemographic data; (2) knowledge about counterfeit medicines; and (3) ability to identify counterfeit medicines, rated on a five-point Likert scale. Sociodemographic factors and counterfeit medication identification rates were assessed using both deductive and inductive approach.
Results: The study involved 365 participants. Out of which only 115 participants (29.6%, 95% CI ) reported to always confirm the authenticity of drugs they consume. It was significantly more likely that participants with older ages (p = 0.016), singles (p = 0.001), Nigerians (p = 0.001), and Ghanaians (p = 0.019) could identify counterfeit medications correctly. A significant number of participants said they would check the certification of medications (p = 0.015) and report counterfeit medications to authorities (p < 0.0001). Nigeria recorded a high level of awareness, which may be due to the high response rate by participants from Nigeria and improved technology for combating substandard drugs.
Conclusion: This study assessed consumers' awareness of counterfeit drugs in selected developing countries and proposed measures that the government can implement in the fight against counterfeit drugs.