bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Performance of Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene/Silicene Composite as a Pseudocapacitive Anode for Lithium‐ion Battery
Authors: Nematzadeh Mansoureh , Nangir Mahya , Massoudi Abouzar , Ji Xiaobo , Khanlarkhani Ali , Toth Jozsef 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSilicene, as a two‐dimensional (2D) nanostructure of silicon with many active sites for charge distribution, suitable space to control the volumetric strain, and an adjustable bandgap has attracted more attention as an anode for lithium‐ion batteries. Nitrogen, with a small radius and high electronegativity, is pretty good to form an n‐type configuration of silicene. Herein, single‐crystal silicene with adjusting nitrogen atoms at pyrrolic and graphitic sites in the graphene layer is identified by XRD, XPS, and Raman analyses for nitrogen‐doped graphene/silicene (NG/SNS) composite. Electrochemical performance of silicene exhibits the first intercalation/deintercalation capacity of 1030/768 mAh/g with 74 % Columbic efficiency (CE) at a current density of 10 mA/g, whereas NG3‐SNS with 0.3 g NG precursor shows the first intercalation/deintercalation capacity of 795/600 mAh/g with 75.4 % CE. Interestingly, NG3‐SNS indicates a stable specific capacity of ∼600 mAh/g at 200thcycle with 100 % CE and a second volumetric capacity of 3352 mAh/cm3with 80 % retention after 200 cycles at a current density of 100 mA/g. Subsequently, the high electronegativity of nitrogen results in lone pair in both hybridized configurations of graphitic‐NG and pyrrolic‐NG; which may cause effortless adsorption/desorption of Li+‐ion at the nitrogen sites, as well as, pyrrolic sites help to develop diffusion of Li+‐ion and graphitic sites help to accelerate the kinetics and surface‐controlled contributions.
Brief Outlook on Polymeric Nanoparticles, Micelles, Niosomes, Hydrogels and Liposomes: Preparative Methods and Action
Authors: Joy Reshma , George Jinu , John Franklin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPolymeric nanoparticles, micelles, niosomes, hydrogels and liposomes represent effective drug carriers having huge potential for medical and pharmaceutical applications. These systems remain the most important area in medicinal chemistry research. The aforementioned biomaterials can effectively encapsulate and release diverse hydrophobic/hydrophilic therapeutic molecules including drugs and prodrugs. Applications of these carrier systems extend to nucleic acids, antibodies and proteins which could be released sustainably. Since these systems fall in the nano dimension, they are capable of enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of bioactive molecules besides enabling them to accumulate preferentially at the target site. Furthermore, these systems can protect the encapsulated drug from degradation, thereby increasing the therapeutic value of the drug candidate and reducing systemic toxicity. In this review, we illustrate the preparative methods and actions of these five drug delivery systems.
A NIR‐light‐driven Black Phosphorus Based Nanocomposite for Combating Bacteria
Authors: Çekceoğlu İlknur Aksoy , Eroglu Zafer , Küçükkeçeci Hüseyin , Sevgi Fatih , Ersoz Mustafa , Patir Imren Hatay , Metin Önder 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNanocomposites of semiconducting two‐dimensional (2D) materials provide advantageous for combating bacterial infections to overcome antibiotic resistance. In this study, the nanocomposites of 2D black phoshorus (BP) and silver nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by anchoring as‐synthesized Ag NPs on few‐layer BP nanosheets via liquid self‐assembly method and used as a NIR‐light‐driven antibacterial agent against Gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and Gram‐positive bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus cereus). The BP/Ag nanocomposites showed excellent photothermal effect and oxidative stress ability to inhibit the initial logarithmic growth phase of E. faecalis and B. cereus. According to the bacterial growth curve, agar plate assay and live/dead viability test, as‐synthesized BP/Ag nanocomposites were found to be more effective antibacterial agent for Gram‐positive bacteria than Gram‐negative bacteria. The presented NIR‐light‐driven BP‐based nanoplatform can open a new avenue for avoiding bacterial resistance and combating pathogenic bacteria and also broad‐spectrum disinfection applications.
Ultrathin‐Walled Bi2S3 Nanoroll/MXene Composite toward High Capacity and Fast Lithium Storage
Authors: Zou Zhengguang , Wang Qian , Zhu Kai , Ye Ke , Wang Guiling , Cao Dianxue , Yan Jun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIt is extremely important to develop a high energy density power source with rapid charge–discharge rate to meet people's growing needs. Hence, the development of advanced electrode materials is the top priority. Herein, a simple yet elaborate vacuum‐assisted room‐temperature phase transfer method is reported to transform MXene nanosheets from water into organic solution. Subsequently, an in‐situ growth strategy is employed to deposit ultrathin‐walled bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) nanorolls on MXene surface to prepare Bi2S3/MXene composite as an efficient and high‐performance anode material for lithium‐ion batteries. Attributed to the unique nanoroll‐like structure and the strong synergistic effect, the Bi2S3/MXene‐10 composite can deliver the high discharge capacities of 849 and 541 mAh g−1 at 0.1 and 5 A g−1, respectively. The Bi2S3/MXene‐10 electrode can deliver a high specific capacity of 541 mAh g−1 even after 600 cycles at a large current density of 1 A g−1, proving the superb cycling stability of the Bi2S3/MXene‐10 composite. Additionally, the simple vacuum‐assisted room‐temperature phase transfer strategy can enlighten researchers to expand the potential application of MXene. Furthermore, the formation mechanism of Bi2S3 nanorolls is also proposed, which may open a new avenue to design and fabricate other nanoroll‐like structures.
Ultrasonography in inflammatory bowel disease – So far we are?
Authors: Maaser Christian , Maconi Giovanni , Kucharzik Torsten , Allocca Mariangela 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntestinal ultrasound (IUS) is a non‐invasive and accurate tool to assess inflammatory bowel disease. The ECCO‐ESGAR guideline recommends the use of IUS for the assessment of disease activity and complications in Crohn's disease (CD). In addition, an increasing body of evidence suggests the use of IUS as alternative to colonoscopy in monitoring CD and in assessing disease activity of ulcerative colitis. Early responsiveness of IUS findings by the first weeks of treatment and the advantage to perform the procedure in real time may dramatically change frequency of the assessment of treatment response in the future and speed up the clinical decision‐making process. Development of validated and reproducible sonographic scores to measure disease activity and therapeutic response and spread of knowledge of IUS remain relevant issues for the future in which current researchers and the International Bowel Ultrasound (IBUS) Group are actively engaged.
Comparison of ophthalmic artery Doppler with PlGF and sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio at 35–37 weeks' gestation in prediction of imminent pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Lau K. , Wright A. , Sarno M. , Kametas N. A. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo compare the predictive performance for delivery with pre‐eclampsia (PE) at < 3 weeks and at any stage after assessment at 35 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks' gestation of serum placental growth factor (PlGF) and soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1)/PlGF ratio with that of a competing‐risks model utilizing maternal risk factors, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and ophthalmic artery peak systolic velocity (PSV) ratio.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study of women attending for a routine hospital visit at 35 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks' gestation. This visit included recording of maternal demographic characteristics and medical history, ultrasound examination of fetal anatomy and growth, assessment of flow velocity waveforms from the maternal ophthalmic arteries and measurement of MAP, serum PlGF and serum sFlt‐1. The performance of screening for delivery with PE at < 3 weeks and at any time after the examination was assessed using areas under the receiver‐operating‐characteristics curves and detection rates (DRs), at a 10% false‐positive rate (FPR). McNemar's test was used to compare DRs, at a 10% FPR, between screening by PlGF concentration, the sFlt‐1/PlGF concentration ratio and the competing‐risks model utilizing maternal risk factors, MAP and ophthalmic artery PSV ratio. Model‐based estimates of screening performance for different methods of screening were also produced.ResultsThe study population of 2338 pregnancies contained 75 (3.2%) cases that developed PE, including 30 (1.3%) that delivered with PE at < 3 weeks from assessment, and 2263 cases unaffected by PE. The DR of PE at < 3 weeks from assessment, at a 10% FPR, of sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio (70.0% (95% CI, 50.6–85.3%)) was superior to that of PlGF (50.0% (95% CI, 31.3–68.7%)) or PSV ratio (56.7% (95% CI, 37.4–74.5%)) but inferior to that of the combination of maternal risk factors, MAP multiples of the median (MoM) and PSV ratio delta (96.7% (95% CI, 82.8–99.9%)). Similarly, the DR of PE at any stage after assessment of sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio (62.7% (95% CI, 50.7–73.6%)) was superior to that of PlGF (52.0% (95% CI, 40.2–63.7%)) or PSV ratio (41.3% (95% CI, 30.1–53.3%)) but inferior to that of the combination of maternal risk factors, MAP MoM and PSV ratio delta (78.7% (95% CI, 67.7–87.3%)). The empirical results for DR at a 10% FPR were consistent with the modeled results, both for delivery with PE at < 3 weeks and at any time after assessment.ConclusionOphthalmic artery Doppler in combination with maternal risk factors and blood pressure could potentially replace measurement of PlGF and sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio in the prediction of imminent PE. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Hochemittierende Glühkathoden für Vakuum‐Elektronenröhren
Authors: Gärtner Georg 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungIm folgenden Beitrag wird zunächst die historische Entwicklung von verschiedenen Kathodentypen im Zusammenhang mit der Anwendung in spezifischen Vakuum‐Elektronenröhren vorgestellt, insbesondere von thorierten Wolframkathoden, von Ba‐Oxidkathoden, von Ba‐Dispenser Kathoden bzw. Ba‐Nachlieferungskathoden und schließlich von Ba‐Scandat Kathoden. Dabei erfolgte die Entwicklung verschiedener Kathodentypen in Abhängigkeit von der Röhrenanwendung wie Radioröhren, Fernsehröhren, Mikrowellenröhren u. a. und war gekoppelt an die Verbesserungen in der Vakuumtechnik. Die Emissionsdaten der verschiedenen Kathodentypen werden verglichen, die aktuellen Emissionsdaten von Ba‐Scandat Kathoden werden vorgestellt und es wird ein Ausblick auf zukünftige Anwendungen gegeben.
What can surface wind observations tell us about interannual variation in wind energy output?
Authors: Millstein Dev , Bolinger Mark , Wiser Ryan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe past decade of wind power growth was supported by capacity factor improvements and associated cost reductions. But are higher capacity factors a technology success story or, as suggested by recent research, has the influence of technology been overstated by ignoring positive surface wind speed trends? The answer could influence estimates of wind energy's cost and even future deployment rates. We find that US surface wind speed observations imply a 2.6% improvement in capacity factors from 2010 to 2019. Yet newer vintages of wind plants have recorded capacity factors that are ~25% larger than plants built close to 2010. It follows that technological factors and improved site quality, not higher wind speeds, drove most of the improvement in capacity factors. Additionally, we match hundreds of meteorological stations to nearby (<25 km) wind plants and compare annual estimated generation, based on a function of surface wind speed observations, to annual recorded generation. Researchers rely on this publicly available surface data because measurements co‐located with wind plants are generally considered proprietary. Our analysis addresses a research gap: interannual variation in observed surface wind speeds is rarely compared to observed data at wind plant locations and turbine heights. We find that despite its common use for this purpose, generation estimates based on publicly available surface observational data provide a poor proxy for interannual variability in recorded wind generation. These findings suggest that caution is generally needed when researchers use surface wind speed measurements to investigate long‐term wind energy trends.
Nonlocal elasticity and thermal dual‐phase‐lag effect on the vibration analysis of transversely isotropic electro‐magneto generalized thermoelastic sphere with voids
Authors: Sharma Sita Ram , Mehalwal Jai Chand , Sarkar Nantu , Sharma Dinesh Kumar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe nonlocal elasticity together with electro‐magneto thermal dual‐phase‐lag (DPL) model to a transversely isotropic generalized thermoelastic hollow sphere with voids is addressed in radial direction. The governing equations and stress–strain‐displacement relations have been resolved by applying time harmonics technique. The elimination technique is employed to resolve the homogeneous equations to find the unknowns. The unknowns such as dilatation, displacement, voids volume fraction, temperature change, and radial/de‐hoop stresses have been calculated analytically. In order to discover the vibration analysis, the numerical Iteration method has been applied to thermally insulated/isothermal boundary conditions. For computation purpose the software like MATLAB tool has been used. The real parts of generated data obtained from the frequency equations have also been shown graphically to frequency shift and natural frequencies. The effects of DPL model of the theory of generalized transversely isotropic thermoelasticity with voids have been represented with and without the effects of magnetic field for nonlocal/local elastic materials and validated with existing literature.
Leptoquark manoeuvres in the dark: a simultaneous solution of the dark matter problem and the $$ {R}_{D^{\left(\ast \right)}} $$ anomalies
Authors: Bélanger Geneviève , Bharucha Aoife , Fuks Benjamin , Goudelis Andreas , Heisig Jan , Jueid Adil , Lessa Andre , Mohan Kirtimaan A. , Polesello Giacomo , Pani Priscilla , Pukhov Alexander , Sengupta Dipan , Zurita José 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The measured branching fractions of B-mesons into leptonic final states derived by the LHCb, Belle and BaBar collaborations hint towards the breakdown of lepton flavour universality. In this work we take at face value the so-called $$ {R}_{D^{\left(\ast \right)}} $$

R

D

∗

observables that are defined as the ratios of neutral B-meson charged-current decays into a D(*)-meson, a charged lepton and a neutrino final state in the tau and light lepton channels. A well-studied and simple solution to this charged current anomaly is to introduce a scalar leptoquark S1 that couples to the second and third generation of fermions. We investigate how S1 can also serve as a mediator between the Standard Model and a dark sector. We study this scenario in detail and estimate the constraints arising from collider searches for leptoquarks, collider searches for missing energy signals, direct detection experiments and the dark matter relic abundance. We stress that the production of a pair of leptoquarks that decays into different final states (i.e. the commonly called “mixed” channels) provides critical information for identifying the underlying dynamics, and we exemplify this by studying the tτbν and the resonant S1 plus missing energy channels. We find that direct detection data provides non-negligible constraints on the leptoquark coupling to the dark sector, which in turn affects the relic abundance. We also show that the correct relic abundance can not only arise via standard freeze-out, but also through conversion-driven freeze-out. We illustrate the rich phenomenology of the model with a few selected benchmark points, providing a broad stroke of the interesting connection between lepton flavour universality violation and dark matter.
Type-II Calabi-Yau compactifications, T-duality and special geometry in general spacetime signature
Authors: Médevielle M. , Mohaupt T. , Pope G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe obtain the bosonic Lagrangians of vector and hypermultiplets coupled to four-dimensional$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 2 supergravity in signatures (0,4), (1,3) and (2,2) by compactification of type-II string theories in signatures (0,10), (1,9) and (2,8) on a Calabi-Yau threefold. Depending on the signature and the distinctions between type-IIA/IIA*/IIB/IIB*/IIB’ the resulting scalar geometries are special Kähler or special para-Kähler for vector multiplets and quaternion-Kähler or para-quaternion Kähler for hypermultiplets. By spacelike and timelike reductions we obtain three-dimensional$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 4 supergravity theories coupled to two sets of hypermultiplets. We determine the c-maps relating vector to hypermultiplets, and show how the four-dimensional theories are related by spacelike, timelike and mixed, signature-changing T-dualities.
Neutral exotica at FASERν and SND@LHC
Authors: Ansarifard S. , Farzan Y. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The (g − 2)μ anomaly indicates that the second generation of leptons should have new interactions beyond the standard model. The high flux of νμ and $$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

μ at the forward experiments such as FASERν and SND@LHC makes them suitable setups to search for new interactions of the second generation leptons. In this paper, we build a model in which the second generation left-handed leptons couple to a new right-handed neutrino, N and a new Higgs doublet which also couples to the quarks. The scattering of high energy νμ off nuclei can produce N. We investigate how forward experiments can test this model by looking for the N production vertex followed by the displaced vertex of the N decay. Discovering even a single such event can be a harbinger to look for the spectacular signals of the new Higgs doublet production at the LHC. We discuss the possibility of explaining the (g − 2)μ anomaly by adding more generations of N which will lead to chain decays of N and multiple leptons with distinct signals both at forward experiments and at the CMS and ATLAS detectors. Finally, we show that by adding a new light singlet scalar mixed with the neutral component of the new Higgs doublet (i.e., 2HDM+S model), the statistics of the data sample can be dramatically increased.
There is at most one continuous invariant mean
Authors: Pasteczka Paweł 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe show that, for a (not necessarily continuous) weakly contractive mean-type mapping $$\mathbf {M} :I^p\rightarrow I^p$$

M
:

I
p

→

I
p

(where I is an interval and $$p \in \mathbb {N}$$

p
∈
N

), the functional equation $$K \circ \mathbf {M}=K$$

K
∘
M
=
K

has at most one solution in the family of continuous means $$K :I^p \rightarrow I$$

K
:

I
p

→
I

. Some general approach to this equation is also given.
Atrophe Pseudarthrose des Sternums – ein Fallbericht orientiert am Non Union Scoring System
Authors: Braun Benedikt J. , Herath Steven C. , Rollmann Mika F. R. , Menger Maximilian M. , Baumgartner Heiko , Reumann Marie , Histing Tina 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungPseudarthrosen nach Sternotomien sind rar und meist gut im Rahmen operativer Revisionen zu behandeln. Bei fehlgeschlagenen Revisionen ist ein differenziertes Vorgehen notwendig, das sowohl die biologischen wie auch biomechanischen Rahmenbedingungen berücksichtigt. Es wird über den Fall einer therapierefraktären atrophen Pseudarthrose nach auswärtig erfolgloser Revision berichtet. Diese wurde durch ein Therapievorgehen, orientiert an den Kriterien des Non Union Scoring System (NUSS), erfolgreich behandelt. Die Versorgungsstrategie wie auch der erfolgreiche Behandlungsverlauf werden dargestellt.
AV timing in pacemaker patients with first-degree AV block: which is preferable, intrinsic AV conduction or pacing?
Authors: Aizawa Yoshihiro , Nakai Toshiko , Ikeya Yukitoshi , Kogawa Rikitake , Saito Yuki , Toyama Kazuto , Yumikura Tetsuro , Otsuka Naoto , Nagashima Koichi , Okumura Yasuo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSome patients with pacemakers present with first-degree atrioventricular (AV) block. To avoid right ventricular (RV) pacing, preserving intrinsic AV conduction as much as possible is recommended. However, there is no clear cutoff AV interval to determine whether intrinsic AV conduction should be preserved or RV pacing should be delivered. This study aimed to compare a pacing mode-preserving, intrinsic AV conduction with the DDD mode delivering RV pacing in terms of echocardiographic parameters in patients with first-degree AV block and to investigate whether RV pacing induces heart failure (HF). Stroke volume (SV) was measured to determine the optimal AV delay with the intrinsic AV conduction rhythm and the DDD pacing delivering RV pacing. Echocardiographic evaluation was performed for 6-month follow-up period. Seventeen patients were studied. At baseline, mean intrinsic PQ interval was 250 ± 40 ms. SV was greater with RV pacing with optimal AV delay of 160 ms than with intrinsic AV conduction rhythm in all patients. Therefore, pacemakers were set to the DDD to deliver RV pacing. During follow-up, seven patients developed HF. Mean baseline E/E′ ratio in patients who developed HF (HF group) during RV pacing was higher than in patients without HF (non = HF group; 17.9 ± 8 versus 11.5 ± 2, P = 0.018) Even within HF group patients without a high baseline E/E′ ratio, it increased with RV pacing (22.2 ± 6 versus 11.6 ± 2; P < 0.001). In patients with pacemaker and first-degree AV block, RV pacing with the optimal AV delay of 160 ms increased SV. However, the risk of HF may be increased with RV pacing if the E/Eʹ ratio is > 15 during intrinsic AV conduction or RV pacing. RV pacing should be avoided in patients with high E/Eʹ ratio under intrinsic AV conduction or RV pacing.
Polynomial Time Algorithms for Tracking Path Problems
Authors: Choudhary Pratibha 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGiven a graphG, and terminal verticessandt, theTracking Pathsproblem asks to compute a set of minimum number of vertices to be marked as trackers, such that the sequence of trackers encountered in each$$s$$s-$$t$$tpath is unique.Tracking PathsisNP-hard in both directed and undirected graphs in general. In this paper we give a collection of polynomial time algorithms for some restricted versions ofTracking Paths. We prove thatTracking Pathsis polynomial time solvable for undirected chordal graphs and tournament graphs. We also show thatTracking PathsisNP-hard in graphs with bounded maximum degree$$\Delta \ge 6$$Δ≥6, and give a$$2(\Delta +1)$$2(Δ+1)-approximate algorithm for this case. Further, we give a polynomial time algorithm which, given an undirected graphG, a tracking set$$T\subseteq V(G)$$T⊆V(G), and a sequence of trackers$$\pi $$π, returns the unique$$s$$s-$$t$$tpath inGthat corresponds to$$\pi $$π, if one exists. Finally we analyze the version of tracking$$s$$s-$$t$$tpaths where paths are tracked using edges instead of vertices, and we give a polynomial time algorithm for the same.