bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palynomorphs Content and Paleodepositional Environments of Mamu Formation in Okpekpe-1, Imiegba-1 and Imiegba-2, Benin Flank of Anambra Basin, Nigeria
Authors: Obaje S. O. , Akinyele O. , Ahmed R. , Alli B. , Adefemisoye A. 
Published: October 2022

Twenty surface samples were taken from road cuttings along Okpekpe and Imiegba areas located in Benin Flank of Anambra Basin, Nigeria with an aim to establish the biozones, age and paleodepositional environments of the Mamu Formation. Using palynological laboratory standard procedures, the shale surface samples collected from the Mamu Formation in the study area were prepared and analyzed. The recovered marker pollens, spores and dinoflagellate cysts from the study area are Milforadia jardinei, Milforadia sp., Longapertites marginatus, Longapertites sp., Retidiporites sp., Monocolpites marginatus,Cyathidites minor, Cyathidites spp., Cingulatisporites ornatus, Distaverrusporites simplex, Laevigatosporites spp., Foveotriletes margaritae, Subtilisphaera sp., Andalusiella sp., Paleocystodinium australinium and microforaminiferal wall linings. Four biozones were erected for the shale intervals in the study area, namely: Longapertites sp., Monocolpites marginatus, Cyathidites minor, and Paleocystodinium australinium biozone, respectively, dated to Upper Maastrichtian to Early Paleocene age, which are lateral equivalents to Spinizonocolpites baculatus biozone of the Upper Benue Trough. The presence of the dinoflagellates cysts such as Paleocystodinium australinium, Subtilisphaera sp. and Andalusiella sp., microforaminiferal wall linings, pollens and spores established that the shales were deposited in nearshore to shallow marine environments. The presence of Cingulatisporites ornatus and Distaverrusporites simplex are indicative of marine regression that was followed by fluvial continental influence in anoxic bottom conditions that in turn favored the formation of coal seams in shales in the study area. The paucity of palynomorphs in the study area is inferred to have occurred because of the dry climatic condition that prevailed during the Upper Maastrichtian to Early Paleocene.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF KENYA FOREST SERVICE IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY
Authors: Kibuthu Rahab , Kimencu Linda 
Published: October 2022

Purpose: The objective was to determine the effect of corporate governance and organizational performance of Kenya forest service in Nairobi City County
Methodology: The survey adopted stratified sampling and employed questionnaires to collect data from a sample of 166 managerial level staff working at the Kenya Forest Service (KFS) Headquarters’ Office at Karura in Nairobi City County. Descriptive and inferential statistical models were employed to analyze, describe, and infer deduction and conclusion from the research findings. Correlation matrix and regressions models were employed to analyze data collected, and describe the research findings in reference to the variables under examination.
Findings: The study findings showed that board composition, board independence, board size and board audit committee have an advantageous and significant influence on the iperformance of an organization.
Unique contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommends that, qthe qKFS qmanagement should qensure more qboard members are qappointed externally to enhance board efficiency and organization iperformance. Additionally, KFS management should increase the number of board members with non-executive status to increase board independence within the organization. The survey findings established that, small boards are preferable to large boards in influencing organization iperformance positively. The study recommends that, sKFS management should design an effective system to identify its ideal board size to promote iperformance.
Influence of Project Initiation on Completion of United Nations Joint Programme on Local Governance Road Rehabilitation Projects
Authors: Karuri Solomon , Karanja Ann 
Published: October 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of project initiation on completion of United Nations Joint Programme on Local Governance road rehabilitation projects.
Methodology: This research study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional survey design. The target population was 250 staff working at UNJPLG road rehabilitation projects. The study population included project engineers, clerk of works, project managers, contractors, supervisors, community leaders, and donors making total of 250 respondents. The research study embraced stratified random sampling method and a sample size of 154 respondents was obtained using the Yamane (1967) formula. The study further used structured questionnaires which consisted of both open-ended and closed-ended questions to collect data from the selected respondents. A pilot study was also conducted to test the validity and reliability of the questionnaires. After data was collected, it was examined for efficiency, clarity and clearness. Coding was done on the basis of the place of the participants. Measurable information was evaluated utilizing Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 21) for Microsoft home windows that included detailed and inferential analysis. Data was presented using chart, frequency tables and pie charts.
Findings: The study established that project initiation had a significant influence on completion of road rehabilitation projects by United Nations Joint Programme on Local Governance. Findings indicate that the benefits of the road rehabilitation projects are effectively provided by United Nations Joint Programme on Local Governance which enhances their completion. Moreover, the purpose and objectives of road rehabilitation projects are well outlined by United Nations Joint Programme on Local Governance which improves completion of the road rehabilitation projects.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: United Nations Joint Programme on Local Governance should effectively engage key stakeholders during the scoping stage of any future road rehabilitation projects. The organization should also ensure that all key stakeholders including employees are consulted and involved in drafting any project plan. This is expected to enhance buy-in and reduce resistance during the changes that will take place in the implementation phase. The United Nations Joint Programme on Local Governance should ensure that control procedures are put into place to certify that all activities are monitored as execution progresses. The theories used, that is Stakeholder theory and the Theory of Reasoned Actions were found applicable to this study and can be used by other scholars in studies related to the research topic.
Promesas incumplidas: hidroenergía y desarrollo agrario regional en la norpatagonia argentina
Authors: Bandieri Susana , Blanco Graciela 
Published: October 2022

Los antecedentes históricos con respecto a las diversas posibilidades de aprovechamiento de la cuenca norpatagónica –el río Negro y sus afluentes, los ríos Limay y Neuquén- se remontan a fines del siglo XIX y comienzos del XX, cuando se planteó por primera vez el interés por la puesta en valor de las posibilidades energéticas de la misma y, paralelamente, por la realización de obras para la regulación de sus cursos de agua y su utilización con fines de riego y desarrollo agrario e industrial. Diversos proyectos se elaboraron a tales fines en distintas etapas históricas, muchas veces frustrados por la forzada interrupción de los procesos democráticos en el país. Finalmente, la puesta en marcha de la empresa pública Hidronor -Hidroeléctrica Norpatagónica S.A.- en el año 1968, incentivó en la región una serie de expectativas, frustradas por cierto, con respecto al rol que la empresa podía desempeñar en el desarrollo regional por encima de sus funciones específicas de producción hidroenergética. Tales expectativas de la sociedad local y las respuestas de los distintos gobiernos, son el tema central de este artículo.
NH3 spatiotemporal variability over Paris, Mexico City, and Toronto, and its link to PM2.5 during pollution events
Authors: Viatte Camille , Abeed Rimal , Yamanouchi Shoma , Porter William C. , Safieddine Sarah , Van Damme Martin , Clarisse Lieven , Herrera Beatriz , Grutter Michel , Coheur Pierre-Francois , Strong Kimberly , Clerbaux Cathy 
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Megacities can experience high levels of fine particulate matter
(PM2.5) pollution linked to ammonia (NH3) mainly emitted from
agricultural activities. Here, we investigate such pollution in the cities
of Paris, Mexico, and Toronto, each of which have distinct emission sources,
agricultural regulations, and topography. Ten years of measurements from the
infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer (IASI) are used to assess the
spatiotemporal NH3 variability over and around the three cities. In Europe and North America, we determine that temperature is associated
with the increase in NH3 atmospheric concentrations with a coefficient of
determination (r2) of 0.8 over agricultural areas. The
variety of the NH3 sources (industry and agricultural) and the weaker
temperature seasonal cycle in southern North America induce a lower
correlation factor (r2=0.5). The three regions are
subject to long-range transport of NH3, as shown using HYSPLIT cluster
back trajectories. The highest NH3 concentrations measured at the city
scale are associated with air masses coming from the surrounding and
north/northeast regions of Paris, the south/southwest areas of Toronto, and
the southeast/southwest zones of Mexico City. Using NH3 and PM2.5 measurements derived from IASI and surface
observations from 2008 to 2017, annually frequent pollution events are
identified in the three cities. Wind roses reveal statistical patterns
during these pollution events with dominant northeast/southwest directions
in Paris and Mexico City, and the transboundary transport of pollutants from
the United States in Toronto. To check how well chemistry transport models
perform during pollution events, we evaluate simulations made using the
GEOS-Chem model for March 2011. In these simulations we find that NH3
concentrations are underestimated overall, though day-to-day variability is
well represented. PM2.5 is generally underestimated over Paris and
Mexico City, but overestimated over Toronto.
A method for predicting hydrogen and oxygen isotope distributions across a region's river network using reach-scale environmental attributes
Authors: Dudley Bruce D. , Yang Jing , Shankar Ude , Graham Scott L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Stable isotope ratios (isotope values) of surface water reflect hydrological pathways, mixing processes, and atmospheric exchange within catchments. Development of maps of surface water isotope values (isoscapes) is limited by methods to interpolate point measures across river networks. Catchment attributes that alter surface water isotope values affect downstream river reaches via flow, but some attributes such as artificial dams are no more likely to affect nearby unconnected catchments than distant ones. Hence, simple distance-based geospatial and statistical interpolation methods used to develop isoscapes for precipitation and terrestrial systems are less appropriate for river networks. We used a water-balance-based method to map long-term average δ2H and δ18O for New Zealand rivers, incorporating corrections using catchment environmental predictors. Inputs to the model are national rainfall precipitation isoscapes, a digital elevation layer, a national river water isotope monitoring dataset (3 years of monthly sampling at 58 sites), and river environmental databases covering around 600 000 reaches and over 400 000 km of rivers. Much of the spatial variability in δ2H and δ18O of New Zealand river water was explained using the initial combination of precipitation isoscapes and a simple water balance model. δ2H and δ18O isoscapes produced by subsequently applying residuals from the water balance model as a correction factor across the river network using regression kriging showed improved fits to the validation data compared to the correction using ordinary kriging. Predictors of high importance in the regression included upstream lake and wetland area, which was not strongly spatially autocorrelated nationally. Hence, additional hydrological process information such as evaporation effects can be incorporated into river isoscapes using regression kriging of residuals. The resulting isoscapes have potential applications in ecological, hydrological, and provenance studies that consider differences between surface water isotope values and those of other components of the hydrological cycle (e.g. subsurface runoff or local precipitation).
Subsurface flow paths in a chronosequence of calcareous soils: impact of soil age and rainfall intensities on preferential flow occurrence
Authors: Hartmann Anne , Weiler Markus , Greinwald Konrad , Blume Theresa 
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Soil hydrologic processes play an important role in the hydro-pedo-geomorphological feedback cycle of landscape evolution. Soil properties and subsurface flow paths both change over time, but due to a lack of observations, subsurface water flow paths are often not properly represented in soil and landscape evolution models. We investigated the evolution of subsurface flow paths across a soil chronosequence in the calcareous glacier forefield at the Griessfirn glacier in the Swiss Alps. Young soils developed from calcareous parent material usually have a high pH value, which likely affects vegetation development and pedogenesis and thus the evolution of subsurface flow paths. We chose four glacial moraines of different ages (110, 160, 4 900, and 13 500 years) and conducted sprinkling experiments with the dye tracer Brilliant Blue on three plots at each moraine. Each plot was divided into three equal subplots, and dyed water was applied with three different irrigation intensities (20, 40, and 60 mm h−1) and an irrigation amount of 40 mm. Subsequent excavation of soil profiles enabled the tracing of subsurface flow paths. A change in flow types with increasing moraine age was observed from a rather homogeneous matrix flow at 110 and 160 years to heterogeneous matrix and finger-shaped flow at 4 900 and 13 500 years. However, the proportion of preferential flow paths is not necessarily directly related to the moraine age but rather to soil properties such as texture, soil layering, organic matter content, and vegetation characteristics such as root length density and biomass. Irrigation intensity had an effect on the number of finger-shaped flow paths at the two old moraines. We also found that flow paths in this calcareous material evolved differently compared to a previous study in siliceous material, which emphasizes the importance of parent material for flow path evolution. Our study provides a rare systematic dataset and observations on the evolution of vertical subsurface flow paths in calcareous soils, which is useful to improve their representation in the context of landscape evolution modeling.
Integrated seismic risk assessment in Nepal
Authors: Bhochhibhoya Sanish , Maharjan Roisha 
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Seismic risk analysis is necessary to mitigate the potential losses resulting from future earthquakes and supplement scientific risk management. In order to assist systematic evaluation and management of risk, it is indispensable to interpret risk in terms of social and economic
consequences due to hazardous events like earthquakes. There is an
interrelationship between hazards, physical risk, and the social
characteristics of populations. Therefore, based on the existing studies
focusing on each of these aspects, this paper presents the integrated
seismic risk assessment along the subdivisional administrative units of
Nepal using 2011 census data. The administrative unit “provinces” are
subdivided into districts and each district into municipalities and village development committees (VDCs). The districts, municipalities, and VDCs were considered as our study units. In this paper, the physical or seismic risk was evaluated from the exposure model, hazard curves, and the vulnerability model of the country, whereas the social vulnerability was assessed using social vulnerability index (SoVI) methods. To formulate the physical risk, the assets used were five types of buildings under the exposure model. This model was combined with the physical vulnerability functions of the building and the hazard curves of the country. The result of the physical risk has been presented as annual average loss (AAL). Similarly, among 92 social vulnerability variables, 54 variables were reduced to 7 weighted parameters using principal component analysis (PCA). The scores of a total of 45 parameters were used to evaluate the SoVI index, which was further combined with the physical risk to evaluate integrated risk. The results showed that populated cities like Kathmandu, Hetauda, and Janakpur have a highly integrated risk index. Similarly, the Terai region bordering its neighbor India and some parts of the central hilly region are highly vulnerable, while most parts of the mountainous region in the central and eastern regions are the least vulnerable. The results from the present study can be utilized as a part of a comprehensive risk management framework at the district level to recuperate and recover from earthquakes.
The Antarctic contribution to 21st-century sea-level rise predicted by the UK Earth System Model with an interactive ice sheet
Authors: Siahaan Antony , Smith Robin S. , Holland Paul R. , Jenkins Adrian , Gregory Jonathan M. , Lee Victoria , Mathiot Pierre , Payne Antony J.​​​​​​​ , Ridley Jeff K.​​​​​​​ , Jones Colin G. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract. The Antarctic Ice Sheet will play a crucial role in the evolution of global mean sea level as the climate warms. An interactively coupled climate
and ice sheet model is needed to understand the impacts of ice–climate feedbacks during this evolution. Here we use a two-way coupling between the
UK Earth System Model and the BISICLES (Berkeley Ice Sheet Initiative for Climate at Extreme Scales) dynamic ice sheet model to investigate Antarctic ice–climate interactions under two climate change
scenarios. We perform ensembles of SSP1–1.9 and SSP5–8.5 (Shared Socioeconomic Pathway) scenario simulations to 2100, which we believe are the first such simulations with a
climate model that include two-way coupling of atmosphere and ocean models to dynamic models of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. We focus our
analysis on the latter. In SSP1–1.9 simulations, ice shelf basal melting and grounded ice mass loss from the Antarctic Ice Sheet are generally lower
than present rates during the entire simulation period. In contrast, the responses to SSP5–8.5 forcing are strong. By the end of the 21st century,
these simulations feature order-of-magnitude increases in basal melting of the Ross and Filchner–Ronne ice shelves, caused by intrusions of masses of warm
ocean water. Due to the slow response of ice sheet drawdown, this strong melting does not cause a substantial increase in ice discharge
during the simulations. The surface mass balance in SSP5–8.5 simulations shows a pattern of strong decrease on ice shelves, caused by increased
melting, and strong increase on grounded ice, caused by increased snowfall. Despite strong surface and basal melting of the ice shelves, increased
snowfall dominates the mass budget of the grounded ice, leading to an ensemble mean Antarctic contribution to global mean sea level of a fall of
22 mm by 2100 in the SSP5–8.5 scenario. We hypothesise that this signal would revert to sea-level rise on longer timescales, caused by the
ice sheet dynamic response to ice shelf thinning. These results demonstrate the need for fully coupled ice–climate models in reducing the
substantial uncertainty in sea-level rise from the Antarctic Ice Sheet.
ANALISIS YURIDIS PENYITAAN OBJEK HAK TANGGUNGAN TERHADAP OBJEK TANAH YANG DIDASARKAN PERJANJIAN JAMINAN FIDUSIA (Studi Kasus Putusan Peninjauan Kembali Mahkamah Agung Nomor 642 PK/Pdt/2015)
Authors: Khasanati Ficky 
Published: October 2022

Dalam Hukum Jaminan, diketahui terdapat pembagian mengenai perikatan yang diatur mengenai benda bergerak melalui jaminan fidusia sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 42 Tahun 1999 tentang Fidusia, dan benda tak bergerak melalui perjanjian hak tanggungan melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 1996 tentang Hak Tanggungan. Dalam praktiknya diketahui seringkali terjadi pencampuran objek dalam perjanjian fidusia, maupun hak tanggungan dimana fenomena yang ada dapat dilihat dalam perkara Putusan Peninjauan Kembali Mahkamah Agung Nomor 642 PK/Pdt/2015. Dalam perkara ini PT Bank Negara Indonesia (PERSERO) Tbk., menjaminkan sertifikat atas tanah yang berjumlah 9 buah Sertifikat Hak Milik dengan Perjanjian Fidusia Nomor 2006.001.FID, dimana hal tersebut bertentangan dengan Pasal 1 Angka 4 Undang-Undang Nomor 42 Tahun 1999 tentang Fidusia. Pada penelitian ini permasalahan yang akan dibahas adalah mengenai Penyelesaian hukum penyitaan atas tanah yang dilakukan atas dasar perjanjian Fidusia dan akibat hukum Bila suatu obyek penyitaan atas tanah yang di lakukan atas dasar perjanjian Fidusia.
Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis-normatif. Metode penelitian yuridis normatif merupakan suatu penelitian kepustakaan terhadap data sekunder.
Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah apabila terdapat suatu perjanjian dalam akta fidusia yang menetapkan bahwa tanah dalam kategori hak yang di bebankan hak tanggungan, semisalnya tanah yang berlandaskan Sertifikat Hak Milik, tentunya perjanjian fidusia tersebut harus dinyatakan batal demi hukum, apabila digugat ke pengadilan. Hal ini didasarkan penulis berdasarkan ketentuan yang terdapat pada Pasal 1 Angka 4 Juncto Pasal 3 Undang-Undang Nomor 42 Tahun 1999 tentang Jaminan Fidusia.
TANTANGAN DAN HAMBATAN PENERAPAN KEADILAN RESTORATIF PADA SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Tri Wibowo Kurniawan , Hadingrat Wahyu 
Published: October 2022

Media sosial kini menjadi faktor penting dalam penyebaran radikalisme di Indonesia, hal ini didukung oleh pemakaian internet yang menunjukkan tren peningkatan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengkaji pengaturan penyebaran radikalisme dalam hukum pidana Indonesia, menganalisis kebijakan penanggulangan radikalisme yang dilakukan melalui media sosial di Indonesia. Selain itu juga membangun konsep kebijakan kriminal penanggulangan penyebaran radikalisme melalui media sosial di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa, pengaturan penyebaran radikalisme yang dilakukan melalui media sosial belum diatur secara komprehensif dalam hukum positif Indonesia. Upaya penanggulangan radikalisme yang dilakukan melalui media sosial di Indonesia saat ini difokuskan pada penegakan hukum represif. Konsep kebijakan kriminal penanggulangan penyebaran radikalisme yang dilakukan melalui media sosial di Indonesia dilakukan melalui tiga poin penanggulangan radikalisme melalui media sosial yaitu pengawasan, penindakan dan kerjasama platform dan masyarakat. Penindakan yang dilakukan tentunya bukan hanya sebatas take down conten di media sosial namun juga assasment untuk menentukan tingkat radikalisasi dari pelaku.