bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender and socioeconomic inequalities in changes in a Mediterranean lifestyle among elderly Italians
Authors: Bonaccio M , Gianfagna F , Stival C , Amerio A , Bosetti C , Cavalieri d'Oro L , Odone A , Zucchi A , Gallus S , Iacoviello L 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and the adoption of restrictive measurements to control the SARS-CoV-2 spread disrupted general population lifestyles including dietary behaviours. However, there is poor knowledge on potential socioeconomic and gender disparities in dietary changes. We conducted a telephone-based survey during fall 2020 on a sample of 4,400 participants representative of the population aged 65-99 years living in Lombardy, Italy. Changes in a Mediterranean lifestyle were assessed retrospectively by asking participants to report modifications in the consumption of nine food groups and five diet-related behaviours (e.g., consumption of organic and local foods) compared to the previous year (2019). We then computed a Mediterranean COVID-19 Pandemic Score (MedCovid-19 Score), reflecting changes during pandemic, ranging from -14 to 14, with increasing values indicating improvements in line with a Mediterranean lifestyle. Overall, 18.3% of the study participants worsened their Mediterranean lifestyle (MedCovid-19 Score &lt;0), 35.1% remained stable (MedCovid-19 Score = 0), while 46.6% reported improvements (MedCovid-19 Score ≥1). Predictors of favourable changes toward a Mediterranean lifestyle were educational level (OR = 1.52; 95% CI 1.19-1.95 for postgraduate vs lower education), wealth (OR = 1.52; 1.14-2.02 for high vs low wealth), and skilled manual occupations (OR = 1.57; 1.28-1.92 vs white collars). Women were more likely than men to move away from a Mediterranean lifestyle (OR = 1.86; 1.58-2.21). In conclusion, improvements in line with a Mediterranean lifestyle prevailed in almost half of a large sample of elderly Italians surveyed during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, changes towards a Mediterranean lifestyle were disproportionately distributed across gender and socioeconomic strata. These findings were similar to those from the general population of the Moli-sani study, where it was observed that healthful dietary changes were associated greater wealth.
Improving nutrition through carbon reduction policies: an online randomized experiment
Authors: Law C , Berger N , Faccioli M , Caine CA , Bateman IJ , Smith RD 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
There has been increasing policy interest in changing dietary patterns to reduce diet-related diseases and improve population health. Meanwhile, the food choices people make every day have a determining impact on the climate change, with food systems responsible for a third of global greenhouse gas emissions. Current policies focused on dietary health are designed, implemented and evaluated in relative isolation, and there is a critical open question concerning the extent of possible synergy with an additional focus on carbon removal.

Methods
We analysed the changes in UK households’ food purchases from an online, randomized control experiment (n = 3933) designed to contrast respondents’ current food purchase behaviour with that under a range of potential tax and labelling policies targeting improvement in dietary health, alone or combined with those designed to reduce carbon emissions. We assessed changes in the healthiness of food baskets between interventions through indicators of: i) purchase of calories; ii) % of calories purchased from 23 food groups; and iii) relative changes in nutrient composition of food purchased.

Results
Food labelling and fiscal measures for both health and decarbonisation have a positive impact on dietary health, by reducing the calorie content of food purchases (p &lt; 0.001). Adding carbon reduction considerations into health policies achieves nutritional improvement by further reducing fat and increasing fibre, resulting in a reduction of up to 193 kcal/person/day (95%CI: 172-214).

Conclusions
With an additional focus on planetary health, the combined (health + carbon) tax and food labelling policies could achieve a reduction in calorie content at a magnitude close to the Public Health England's estimate of average excess calories consumed by adults (195kcal).

Key messages
• Policies focused on achieving both nutrition and carbon reduction goals could achieve greater improvements in food choices and produce win-win scenarios.
• There is a need for greater dialogue and policy development between public health and environmental researchers, practitioners and policy makers.
European HPC cloud infrastructure for managing SARS-CoV-2 data in compliance with GDPR
Authors: Dellacasa C , Ortali M , Rossi E , D'Antonio M , Osmo T , Prasser F , Puskaric M , Rinaldi E ,   Orchestra Working Group, Scipione G 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

The Connecting European SARS-CoV-2 Cohorts to Increase Common and Effective Response to SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic (ORCHESTRA) consortium, led by University of Verona (Italy), brings together key European academic experts and research institutions in infectious diseases, data management and High Performance Computing (HPC) from 26 organizations (extending to 37 partners) from 15 countries. The project aims to create a new pan-European cohort built on existing and new large-scale population cohorts in European and non-European countries to significantly impact on the responsiveness to SARS-CoV-2. The integration and analysis of the very heterogeneous characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 data coming from many different sources such as EHR, retrospective and prospective patient registries, and related ‘omics’ data (incl. genomics, proteomics and transcriptomics) can benefit of data analytics enabled by HPC, where both high compute performance and fast storage capabilities are immensely important. During the first year of the project, a dedicated HPC cloud infrastructure have been designed and partially deployed to fulfill the functional requirements for data management ensuring healthcare data confidentiality/privacy, integrity and security in compliance with the European GDPR regulations. The result is an infrastructure for Data Management composed by three main layers: National Data Providers; National Hubs (one for each HPC center involved: CINECA - Italy, CINES - France and HLRS - Germany), to centralize data at national level and to support data storage, sharing and analysis on data ingested from the National Data Providers; ORCHESTRA Data Portal: the pan-European portal for sharing aggregated data and results. Currently data collection is on going; at the end of the project, clinical centers are expected to have enrolled more than 10.000 patients with about 50.000 samples for the prospective studies.

Key messages
• The SARS-CoV-2 crisis made evident the need to manage and analyse very heterogeneous health data coming from many different resources across different countries.
• The HPC cloud infrastructure released for the Orchestra project can act as a model to manage future public health threats.
JAHEE internal evaluation
Authors: Vantarakis A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The evaluation of the project for both the intermediate and the final report was based on an internal evaluation conducted by Work Package on Evaluation and on an external evaluation conducted by the Center for Global Health Inequality Research (CHAIN). The project evaluation as based on systematic and continuous monitoring of processes, outputs and outcomes indicators aimed to guarantee the achievement of the planned objectives and the identification of the lessons learned for future health inequalities programs. The main results will be presented.
Workplace social support, mental health and work functioning among young workers
Authors: de Groot S , Veldman K , Amick BC , Bültmann U 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Young adults with a history of mental health problems (MHPs) report lower work functioning (WF) compared to their peers without a history of MHPs. The identification of modifiable, protective workplace factors, such as workplace social support, is needed to increase WF.We examined the moderating role of workplace social support from supervisors and co-workers in the prospective association between MHP trajectories from childhood to young adulthood and WF among young adults.

Methods
The most recent 2019/2020 data of N = 861 young workers, participating in the 18-year follow-up Dutch TRAILS (TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey) cohort study, was used. MHP trajectories for internalising and externalising problems included measurements at ages 11, 13, 16, 19, 22 and 26. Supervisor and co-worker social support were measured at age 29. WF was assessed at age 29. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the moderating role of workplace social support in the association between MHP trajectories and WF.

Results
Four trajectories were identified for both internalising and externalising problems. Young adults with high-stable MHP trajectories reported more often low WF (ORs 3.73 (95% CI 2.28-6.12) and 2.88 (1.78-4.65) for internalising and externalising problems respectively) than those with low-stable trajectories. Higher supervisor and co-worker social support were associated with a lower odds for low work functioning (adjusted ORs ranging from 0.67 (0.54-0.83) to 0.84 (0.71-1.00)). No moderating effect of workplace social support was found for the association between MHP trajectories and WF.

Conclusions
Both supervisor and co-worker support were shown to be important for all young workers, regardless their history of mental health problems. Occupational health professionals should create awareness among employers and employees that workplace social support is beneficial for young adults’ work functioning.

Key messages
• Both supervisor and co-worker social support are important for all young workers’ work functioning, regardless of their history of mental health problems.
• Creating awareness of the impact of workplace social support on young adults’ work functioning among employers and employees should be a priority area for occupational health practice and policy.
Implementation strategies to integrate academically qualified nurses in German innovator hospitals
Authors: Köppen J , Kleine J , Maier CB 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
In Germany, the number of Bachelor and Master programs for nurses has increased significantly over the past 20 years but the recommended target of 10%-20% of academically qualified nurses has not yet been reached. In university hospitals, it was 3% in 2018. Major challenges for hospital managers are to attract and retain academically qualified nurses in clinical practice, with some hospitals doing better than others.

Methods
In 2020, semi-structured interviews (n = 18) were conducted with chief nursing officers, nurse managers, nurses, and physicians working in five innovator hospitals, characterised by a high willingness to change the work environment, improve quality of care, and increase the number of academically qualified nurses. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analysed using Atlas.ti. Mayring's qualitative content analysis method was applied.

Results
Recruiting, retaining, and integrating academically qualified nurses varied in the five hospitals studied but all provided time and/or financial support for nursing students. Those with a longer tradition of attracting academically qualified nurses were following a hospital-wide strategy. CNOs or other leaders motivated nurses to enrol in a degree program, provided close support for clinical projects (e.g., on the ward) and when starting a career (e.g., coaching), and fostered individual career planning. Specialised tasks for nurses with a master's degree were leadership roles or specialised patient care. Taking over additional clinical or scientific activities according to their qualification was seen as beneficial to integrate the nurses. Barriers were the limited acceptance of graduated nurses by nurses with a vocational training, low staffing levels, and limited political support.

Conclusions
Recruiting and retaining graduated nurses takes efforts by hospitals in the current situation of a nation-wide nursing shortage. A hospital-wide approach can be a way to overcome this challenge.

Speakers/Panelist
Inge Rinzema
V&VN VS, Dutch Association of Nurse Practitioners, Utrecht, Netherlands
Johanna Heikkilä
JAMK University, Jyväskylä, Finland
Sabine Valenta
Department of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Family factors contribute to mental health conditions – a systematic review
Authors: Marth S , Cook N , Bain P , Lindert J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Family functioning can have positive and negative mental health consequences. Positive relationships can boost mental health, the opposite is true for negative relationships. 1 in 4 individuals are affected by at least one mental health condition in their life. Family-based interventions can help prevent the onset of mental health conditions and mitigate its consequences.

Methods
Following databases were systematically searched: Medline; PsychInfo, Web of Sciences and Cochrane, resulting in 3719 hits. After removing 12 duplicates, 3707 studies were screened. After exclusion of irrelevant studies, 362 studies were assessed for eligibility and 40 studies were included. Inclusion criteria were original studies with ≥100 participants, ≥18 years, general population, and family members. Exposure had to be family social cohesion or conflict, or social capital. The outcome had to be a mental health condition.

Results
Most studies (n = 37) used a cross-sectional design. 37 studies included a measure of family functioning and 3 studies used one of family structure. Most used was the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (n = 17), followed by the Family Functioning Scale (n = 5). Family relationship quality was related to depression, anxiety, and substance use. All aspects family cohesion were related to mental health outcomes. Family conflicts are associated with an increase in mental health conditions.

Conclusions
Family cohesion shows an association with positive mental health while conflict is associated with negative mental health. This is an indication, that interventions at the family level are useful to help prevent/mitigate mental health conditions over the life course. Main message: As mental health conditions are a big public health issue affecting at least 1 in 4 individuals, family-based interventions for mental health condition prevention could not only help individuals but the whole family to strengthen and maintain positive mental health.
Health empowerment and access to health coverage among immigrants in France: the Makasi intervention
Authors: Bousmah M , Gosselin A , Coulibaly K , Ravalihasy A , Desgrées du Loû A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The Makasi community-based research project offered an innovative health-related empowerment intervention to immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa living in precarious situations in the greater Paris area, to reduce their social vulnerability and their exposure to HIV. Our objective is to evaluate the impact of the intervention on access to health coverage in this population.

Methods
Participants were recruited based on precariousness criteria in public places in Ile-de-France (squares, railway stations, markets, etc.) by mobile teams of social workers and health mediators. Following a stepped-wedge design, participants were randomised into two groups receiving the intervention sequentially (immediately in one group and 3 months later in the other). We evaluated the impact of the Makasi intervention on access to health coverage among 821 individuals observed at 0, 3, and 6 months, between 2018 and 2021. We implemented random-effects panel models - allowing for unobserved heterogeneity - using a Heckman selection approach to correct for attrition. Finally, we used seemingly unrelated regressions (SUR) to examine the extent to which the effect of the intervention was mediated by health-related empowerment.

Results
Participants - 77% of which were men - had been living in France for 4 years on average. 44% of them had no health coverage at the time of inclusion. Our results provided evidence for a significant impact of the Makasi intervention on participants’ access to health coverage, with an 18 percentage-point increase in the probability of accessing health coverage 6 months after having received the intervention (p &lt; 0.01). The mediation analysis revealed that this effect operated partly through an empowerment process in terms of knowledge of social and health resources.

Conclusions
We showed that a health empowerment intervention provided by social workers and health mediators largely favours access to health rights for immigrants in precarious situations.

Key messages
• A health empowerment intervention improved access to health coverage among immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa living in precarious situations in France.
• Improvement in access to health coverage was found to be partly mediated by reinforcement of participants’ health literacy in terms of social and health resources.
National taxation on sugar-sweetened beverages: a scoping review and time series analysis
Authors: Villani L , Sassano M , Castagna C , Quaranta G , Pastorino R , Boccia S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The intake of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSBs) has increased around the world, leading to a growing burden of disease due to these beverages, such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. Taxation is a major action for comprehensive programmes aimed at reducing consumption of sugars. For these reasons, the aims of our study were to systematically summarize national tax legislation on SSBs and to assess the impact of these laws on the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and diabetes.

Methods
We conducted a scoping review to summarize the landscape of national tax laws on SSBs implemented worldwide. We included any document reporting both currently into force and past national tax laws addressing SSBs. As to the time series analysis, data regarding the national prevalence of obesity, overweight, and diabetes were retrieved from WHO Global Health Observatory data repository.

Results
As of July 2020, 34 countries worldwide implemented SSB taxation (amount-specific and ad valorem tax design), of which 17 (50.0%) in high-income countries, 12 (35.3%) in upper-middle income countries, and 5 (14.7%) in low-income countries. As for overweight, Hungary was the only country showing a slower rate of change after the taxation. Regarding obesity, France, Guatemala, Hungary and Panama showed a deceleration of the rates of change after the intervention. Eventually, Hungary and Tonga exhibited a one-time decrease of diabetes prevalence at the intervention point. Decelerating rates of change in the post-intervention period was also found for Guatemala and Fiji.

Conclusions
Laws targeting SSBs showed, at least in part, to be an effective measure to reduce the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and diabetes. Less than one fifth of worldwide countries have implemented national taxation policies. Finally, while taxation might be effective to reduce SSB consumption, other types of Public Health interventions, such as educational initiatives, should not be neglected.

Key messages
• Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSBs) are associated with obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. Taxation can be an important tool to reduce the consumption of SSBs.
• Prevalence of obesity, overweight and diabetes decreased in countries that adopted taxation. However, other strategies such as educational programs should be implemented to reduce the intake of SSBs.
7.Q. Workshop: What population health researchers’ need and how PHIRI federated research infrastructure can help
Authors:   Organised by: PHIRI, EUPHA-PHMR,   Chair persons: Enrique Bernal-Delgado (Spain), Martin Thißen (Germany)
Published: October 2022

Abstract

What population health researchers’ need? The population health research community has a vast experience in the reuse of data for health monitoring and surveillance or healthcare performance assessment. However, there is a gap in the extensive reuse of individual sensitive data, particularly when mobilising these data requires the linkage of multiple data sources curated in different sites. The gap is greater when it comes to using sensitive data in cross-national research. The usual arguments to explain the scarce extensive and continuous mobilisation of sensitive data are data privacy and safety issues, the difficulty to discover data sources of value, complex accessing rules, uneven data quality (particularly, non-harmonized data), and limited capacity (personnel and dedicated resources). In InfAct Joint Action, Information for Action, we demonstrated at a very small scale that mobilising individual sensitive data is possible, it is compliant with the legal and ethical requirements, and it yields the expected outputs. The instrument used for such an achievement was the design, implementation and deployment of a very small-scale federated infrastructure, where we could pilot all the legal, organisational, data quality and technological issues related to the mobilisation of individual sensitive data. (https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-021-00731-z). Building on those achievements In PHIRI (see here https://www.phiri.eu/wp7) we are paving the way for a large-scale research infrastructure where multiple population health researchers with multiple research questions will need the mobilisation of multiple data sources from multiple sites across Europe. The PHIRI enhanced infrastructure will have to be prepared to provide a variety of services for data discovery, data access, data analysis and research outputs FAIR publication, while improving the capacity of population health researchers community in the use of advanced computing tools. In this workshop we will start describing the PHIRI federated research infrastructure achievements, the governance step-wise approach and the technological solutions provided. The workshop will discuss how an enhanced PHIRI could improve its services for the community of population health researchers; in particular improving the analytical capacity and the associated technological solutions. Finally, the workshop will touch ground on the future developments, in particular, the interaction of the PHIRI infrastructure with existen European-wide services providers, as EGI, and research infrastructures.

Key messages
• In the domain of population health sciences, the reuse of individual sensitive data for research purposes is very limited.
• The PHIRI federated research infrastructure is paving the way for population health researchers to enhance their research when reusing individual sensitive data.