bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of rainfed sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to varying planting geometry and fertilizer levels under different land configurations in Vertisols
Authors: K PRABHAKAR  , D LAKSHMI KALYANI  , S N SUDHAKARA BABU  , S NEELIMA  , K VENKATA RAMANAMMA  , M SUBBA RAO  
Published: August 2022

A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive rainy seasons during 2016 and 2017 at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nandyal, Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh under All India Coordinated Research Project on Sunflower to study the response of rainfed sunflower to varying planting geometry and fertilizer levels under different land configuration. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with four main plot treatments viz., M1 - Flat bed sowing 60 cm x 30 cm, M2- Ridge and furrow sowing 60 cm x 30 cm, M3 - Flat bed with paired row sowing 45 cm x 30 cm (90/40 cm) and M4 - Broad bed and furrow with paired row sowing 45 cm x 30 cm and three sub-plot treatments viz., S1 - 75 % RDF, S2 - 100 % RDF (60:30:30 N, P2O5 and K2O kg/ha) and S3 - 125% RDF and replicated thrice. The results indicated that moisture use efficiency was found highest in broad bed and furrow paired row sowing (8.0 and 7.1 kg/ha-mm in 2016 and 2017, respectively) followed by ridges and furrow at 60 cm x 30 cm sowing (6.8 and 6.2 kg/ha-mm in 2016 and 2017, respectively). Highest seed yield (1632 kg/ha) was recorded with broad bed and furrow paired row 45 cm x 30 cm treatment followed by ridge and furrow 60 cm x 30 cm treatment (1398 kg/ha), which were superior to flat bed paired row 45 cm x 30 cm (1155 kg/ha). Broad bed and furrow paired row sowing at 45 cm x 30 cm recorded higher net returns (` 21450/-) and B: C ratio (1.82) followed by ridges and furrow sowing at 60 cm x 30 cm.
Potencial funcional da unha-de-gato (Uncaria tomentosa): uma revisão sobre os efeitos terapêuticos
Authors: Ribeiro Nathelle Rosa , Ribeiro Jessica Silva , Santos Jânio Sousa 
Published: August 2022

Umas das plantas da região amazônica mais promissora que vem chamando atenção na área da saúde é a Uncaria tomentosa, também conhecida como unha-de-gato. Considerando a importância da utilização de plantas medicinais para a população e que a U. tomentosa é uma planta bastante presente na região amazônica. O presente estudo visa reunir as principais informações sobre os efeitos terapêuticos U. tomentosa tanto in vitro com in vivo. O grupo de metabólitos secundários mais importante presentes na U. tomentosa são os alcaloides. Estes alcaloides são utilizados como marcadores para análise da qualidade da espécie. Foram observadas atividades antioxidantes de captura de radicais livres, assim como contra danos no DNA e contra peroxidação lipídica, em extratos de U. tomentosa. Recentemente constatou-se efeitos antiplaquetários, assim como, efeito de inibição da produção de fator de necrose tumoral e capacidade de elevação da expressão de interleucina 1 beta (IL-1β) dependente de lipopolissacarídeo. A U. tomentosa apresenta inúmeras bioatividades o que o torna um importante planta medicinal devido a suas propriedades funcionais. O fácil acesso a U. tomentosa é outro ponto que deve ser ressaltado, tendo em vista que é uma planta amplamente distribuída no brasil e tornando assim uma possibilidade de planta para uso com fitoterápico. O presente estudo apresenta uma ampla visão em torno do assunto retratado abrindo portas para novas descobertas e enaltecendo as propriedades já relatadas na literatura.
POLÍTICA LOCAL E CORONELISMO: UM ESTUDO SOBRE AS ELITES POLÍTICAS DE RIO CLARO
Authors: Bilac Maria Beatriz 
Published: August 2022

Este artigo trata da temática das elites no Brasil, a partir de sua caracterização no processo de desenvolvimento brasileiro e dos vínculos que se estabelecem entre a dinâmica desse processo e seus agentes sociais. O objetivo específico é analisar, no conjunto das elites, um setor específico, as elites políticas, a partir da composição e recomposição desse grupo em uma cidade média do interior paulista - Rio Claro de 1900 ao golpe militar de 1964. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Oligarquia, política local, elites políticas, coronelismo, poder. Local policy and the policy of the political leaders in rural areas: a study on the political elite in Rio Claro Maria Beatriz Bianchini Bilac This article deals with the topic of the elite in Brazil, from its characterization in the process of the Brazilian development and the bounds established between the dynamic of this process and its social agents. The specific aim is to analyze a specific sector, the political elite, within an elite, from the composition and re-composition of this group in an average city in São Paulo inland, Rio Claro, from the 1900’s up to the 1994 military intervention. KEY WORDS: Oligarchy, local policy, political elite, policy of the political chiefs in rural areas, power. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
O MOVIMENTO INDIGENISTA DO NACIONAL POPULISMO AO NEO-LIBERALISMO
Authors: Gros Christian 
Published: August 2022

A compreensão do desenvolvimento de um movimento indígena a partir dos anos 70 remete a uma série de fatores de ordem estrutural que afeiam diversamente as populações indígenas. O movimento não resultou da intervenção de uma nova política indigenista, implementada pelo poder; ao contrário, esta ocorre quase sempre como reação à mobilização social Tal interlocução política agiu em favor de uma certa institucionalização do movimento indígena por parte das autoridades políticas, com o que se reforçou a legitimidade de cada um dos atores, como se observou em outros processos históricos, envolvendo sujeitos de outra natureza. The Indian Movement From Nacional-Popularism to Neo-Liberalism Christian Gros The understanding of the development of an indian movement originating in the seventies leads us to a series of structural factors that affect the indian populations in diverse ways. The movement did not result from the intervention of new indian politics implemented by the ruling power; to the contrary, this occurs nearly always as a reaction to social mobilization. Such political interlocution acted in favour of a certain institutionalizing of the indian movement on the part of the political authorities, with which the legitimacy of each one of the participants is reenforced, as has been observed in other historical processes, involving subjects of another nature. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
NEM TUDO QUE RELUZ É OURO: O JUST-IN-TIME E O MITO DA SUPERAÇÃO DO TAYLORISMO
Authors: Delayti Paulo César 
Published: August 2022

O presente estudo avalia criticamente a adoção do “Just-in-Time” (JIT) como instrumento gerencial inovador e de superação do paradigma Taylorista/Fordista a partir do exame de três aspectos comparativos: 1) os elementos constitutivos do JIT e do Taylorismo, no seu construto teórico e na sua práxis; 2) a postulada nova integração entre produtores e fornecedores; e 3) a emergência do operário multifuncional. Após essas análises, são discutidas as limitações e os problemas resultantes do transplante do JIT para empresas ocidentais. Finalmente, o autor mostra, concluindo criticamente, que a adoção do JIT tem aprofundado os padrões de coercitividade sobre a força de trabalho, com altos custos em termos sócio-políticos, de desgaste da mão-de-obra, e de perda de direitos conquistados. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:just-in-time; gestão do trabalho; taylorismo; fordismo; toyotismo; produção industrial. All that glitters is not gold: JUST in time and the myth of overcoming taylorism This study provides a critical evaluation of adopting Just-in-Time (JIT) as an innovative management tool which also supersedes the Taylorist/Fordist paradigm, based on three comparative aspects: (1) the basic elements of JIT and of Taylorism in their theoretical and practical constructs; (2) the postulated novel integration between producers and suppliers; and (3) the emergence of the multifunctional worker. After this analysis, the limitations and problems related to the transplantation of JIT to western enterprises are discussed. Finally, the author points out, concluding critically, that the adoption of JIT has deepened the coercitive patterns imposed upon the work force, resulting in higher costs related to conflicted social-political relationships, to the wearing away of the labor force, and to the loss of acquired benefits. KEY WORDS: just-in-time; work management; Taylorism; Fordism; Toyorism; industrial production. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
World Health Organization 2021 Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors and Implications for Therapy for Adult-Type Gliomas
Authors: Berger Tamar R. , Wen Patrick Y. , Lang-Orsini Melanie , Chukwueke Ugonma N. 
Published: August 2022

ImportancePrevious histologic classifications of brain tumors have been limited by discrepancies in diagnoses reported by neuropathologists and variability in outcomes and response to therapies. Such diagnostic discrepancies have impaired clinicians’ ability to select the most appropriate therapies for patients and have allowed heterogeneous populations of patients to be enrolled in clinical trials, hindering the development of more effective therapies. In adult-type diffuse gliomas, histologic classification has a particularly important effect on clinical care.ObservationsIn 2021, the World Health Organization published the fifth edition of the Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System. This classification incorporates advances in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of brain tumors with histopathology in order to group tumors into more biologically and molecularly defined entities. As such, tumor classification is significantly improved through better characterized natural histories. These changes have particularly important implications for gliomas. For the first time, adult- and pediatric-type gliomas are classified separately on the basis of differences in molecular pathogenesis and prognosis. Furthermore, the previous broad category of adult-type diffuse gliomas has been consolidated into 3 types: astrocytoma, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant; oligodendroglioma, IDH mutant and 1p/19q codeleted; and glioblastoma, IDH wild type. These major changes are driven by IDH mutation status and include the restriction of the diagnosis of glioblastoma to tumors that are IDH wild type; the reclassification of tumors previously diagnosed as IDH-mutated glioblastomas as astrocytomas IDH mutated, grade 4; and the requirement for the presence of IDH mutations to classify tumors as astrocytomas or oligodendrogliomas.Conclusions and RelevanceThe 2021 World Health Organization central nervous system tumor classification is a major advance toward improving the diagnosis of brain tumors. It will provide clinicians with more accurate guidance on prognosis and optimal therapy for patients and ensure that more homogenous patient populations are enrolled in clinical trials, potentially facilitating the development of more effective therapies.
Assessment of using a gamma index analysis for patient‐specific quality assurance in Japan
Authors: Anetai Yusuke , Sumida Iori , Kumazaki Yu , Kito Satoshi , Kurooka Masahiko , Ueda Yoshihiro , Otani Yuki , Narita Yuichiro , Kawamorita Ryu , Akita Kazuhiko , Kato Takahiro , Nakamura Mitsuhiro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeThe Task Group 218 (TG‐218) report was published by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine in 2018, recommending the appropriate use of gamma index analysis for patient‐specific quality assurance (PSQA). The paper demonstrates that PSQA for radiotherapy in Japan appropriately applies the gamma index analysis considering TG‐218.Materials/methodsThis survey estimated the acceptance state of radiotherapeutic institutes or facilities in Japan for the guideline using a web‐based questionnaire. To investigate an appropriate PSQA of the facility‐specific conditions, we researched an optimal tolerance or action level for various clinical situations, including different treatment machines, clinical policies, measurement devices, staff or their skills, and patient conditions. The responded data were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and multidimensional scaling (MDS). The PCA focused on factor loading values of the first contribution over 0.5, whereas the MDS focused on mapped distances among data.ResultsResponses were obtained from 148 facilities that use intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), which accounted for 42.8% of the probable IMRT use in Japan. This survey revealed the appropriate application of the following universal criteria for gamma index analysis from the guideline recommendation despite the facility‐specific variations (treatment machines/the number of IMRT cases/facility attributes/responded [representative] expertise or staff): (a) 95% pass rate, (b) 3% dose difference and 2‐mm distance‐to‐agreement, and (c) 10% threshold dose. Conditions (a)–(c) were the principal components of the data by the PCA method and were mapped in a similar distance range, which was easily clustered from other gamma index analytic factors by the MDS method. Conditions (a)–(c) were the universally essential factors for the PSQA in Japan.ConclusionWe found that the majority of facilities using IMRT in each region of Japan complied with the guideline and conducted PSQA with deliberation under the individual facility‐specific conditions.
Adaptive event‐triggered fault detection for nonlinear positive semi‐Markov jump systems
Authors: Li Qiang , Zhang Junfeng , Lin Peng 
Published: August 2022

SummaryThis article investigates the asynchronous fault detection filter of nonlinear positive semi‐Markov jump systems with disturbances and actuator faults based on adaptive event‐triggering scheme. First, an adaptive event‐triggering strategy in the linear form is presented and a framework on the fault detection filter is established. Then, a hidden semi‐Markov model is introduced to describe the asynchronous phenomenon between the original system and the filter and thus an augmented fault detection system is constructed. Using stochastic Lyapunov functions and linear programming, the filter gains are determined for guaranteeing the positivity and stochastic stability with hybrid performance. Compared with existing results, the novelties of the proposed design lie in: (i) a new adaptive event‐triggered strategy is constructed, which improves the existing static one, (ii) an adaptive event‐triggered asynchronous filter is proposed for the underlying systems, (iii) hybrid gain performances of the filter are obtained with respect to the disturbance and fault, and (iv) a linear programming‐based computation method is given to determine the filter gains. Finally, one illustrate example is provided to verify the validity of the results in this article.
Remote Magnetic Microengineering and Alignment of Spheroids into 3D Cellular Fibers
Authors: Demri Noam , Dumas Simon , Nguyen Manh‐Louis , Gropplero Giacomo , Abou‐Hassan Ali , Descroix Stéphanie , Wilhelm Claire 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDeveloping in vitro models that recapitulate the in vivo organization of living cells in a 3D microenvironment is one of the current challenges in the field of tissue engineering. In particular for anisotropic tissues where alignment of precursor cells is required for them to create functional structures. Herein, a new method is proposed that allows aligning in the direction of a uniform magnetic field both individual cells (muscle, stromal, and stem cells) or spheroids in a thermoresponsive collagen hydrogel. In an all‐in‐one approach, spheroids are generated at high throughput by magnetic engineering using microfabricated micromagnets and are used as building blocks to create 3D anisotropic tissue structures of different scales. The magnetic cells and spheroids alignment process is optimized in terms of magnetic cell labeling, concentration, and size. Anisotropic structures are induced to form fibers in the direction of the magnetic alignment, with the respective roles of the magnetic field, the mechanical stretching of hydrogel or co‐culture of the aligned cells with non‐magnetic stromal cells, being investigated. Over days, spheroids fuse into 3D tubular structures, oriented in the direction of the magnetic alignment. Moreover, in the case of the muscle cells model, multinucleated cells can be observed within the fibers.
Perpendicularly Reversed Polarization Sensitivity of Double‐faced Photodetection based on Sb2Se3 Microbelt
Authors: Wan Peng , Jiang Mingming , Su Longxing , Xia Sihao , Wei Yun , Xu Tong , Liu Yang , Shi Daning , Fang Xiaosheng , Kan Caixia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLow‐dimensional polarization‐sensitive photodetectors have captured ever‐increasing attention due to their unique applications in navigation, optical switching, and communication. However, to date, the study of dimensionality‐dependent polarization‐sensitive photodetectors has not received much attention. Herein, a double‐faced polarization‐sensitive photodetector based on an individual high‐quality Sb2Se3 microbelt is proposed, where both the wide and narrow side facets serve as irradiation targets. Polarization‐sensitive measurements reveal the anisotropy in the photocurrents recorded parallel and perpendicular to the long axis of the Sb2Se3 microbelt. Strikingly, the single Sb2Se3 microbelt photodetector reveals the obvious perpendicular reversal with a 90° angle on polarization sensitivity from the wide surface to the narrow surface. With decreasing inclination angle, the anisotropic ratio varies from 1.18 to 0.87 gradually. Interestingly, the photodetector can lose its polarization sensitivity at a particular inclination angle. Angle‐resolved polarized Raman spectroscopy confirms the asymmetry and anisotropic character of the Sb2Se3 microbelt. The polarization sensitivity of the Sb2Se3 microbelt photodetectors originates from the optical anisotropy induced by the crystal structure anisotropy, rather than one‐dimensional geometry morphological anisotropy. The use of an anisotropic Sb2Se3 microbelt in double‐faced polarization‐sensitive photodetection may contribute to new functionality in innovative optoelectronic applications.
Atomically Thin, Ionic–Covalent Organic Nanosheets for Stable, High‐Performance Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction
Authors: Song Yun , Zhang Jun‐Jie , Dou Yubing , Zhu Zhaohua , Su Jianjun , Huang Libei , Guo Weihua , Cao Xiaohu , Cheng Le , Zhu Zonglong , Zhang Zhenhua , Zhong Xiaoyan , Yang Dengtao , Wang Zhaoyu , Tang Ben Zhong , Yakobson Boris I. , Ye Ruquan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe incorporation of charged functional groups is effective to modulate the activity of molecular complexes for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), yet long‐term heterogeneous electrolysis is often hampered by catalyst leaching. Herein, an electrocatalyst of atomically thin, cobalt‐porphyrin‐based, ionic–covalent organic nanosheets (CoTAP‐iCONs) is synthesized via a post‐synthetic modification strategy for high‐performance CO2‐to‐CO conversion. The cationic quaternary ammonium groups not only enable the formation of monolayer nanosheets due to steric hindrance and electrostatic repulsion, but also facilitate the formation of a *COOH intermediate, as suggested by theoretical calculations. Consequently, CoTAP‐iCONs exhibit higher CO2RR activity than other cobalt‐porphyrin‐based structures: an 870% and 480% improvement of CO current densities compared to the monomer and neutral nanosheets, respectively. Additionally, the iCONs structure can accommodate the cationic moieties. In a flow cell, CoTAP‐iCONs attain a very small onset overpotential of 40 mV and a stable total current density of 212 mA cm–2 with CO Faradaic efficiency of >95% at −0.6 V for 11 h. Further coupling the flow electrolyzer with commercial solar cells yields a solar‐to‐CO conversion efficiency of 13.89%. This work indicates that atom‐thin, ionic nanosheets represent a promising structure for achieving both tailored activity and high stability.
Judicious Design and Rapid Manufacturing of a Flexible, Mechanically Resistant Liquid‐Like Coating with Strong Bonding and Antifouling Abilities
Authors: Zheng Weiwei , Huang Jianying , Zang Xuerui , Xu Xuanfei , Cai Weilong , Lin Zhiqun , Lai Yuekun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFluorine‐free liquid‐repellent coatings have been highly demanded for a variety of applications. However, rapid formation of coatings possessing outstanding oil repellency and strong bonding ability as well as good mechanical strength (e.g., bendability, impact resistance, and scratch resistance) remains a grand challenge. Herein, a robust strategy to rapidly create fluorine‐free oil‐repellent coatings in only 30 s via rational design of a semi‐interpenetrating polymer network structure is reported. The resulting coating manifests strong bonding capability both in air and underwater. More importantly, it not only provides unprecedented oil repellency, even to high‐viscosity crude oil, but also achieves both excellent bendability and hardness. This simple yet effective design strategy opens up a new avenue to manufacture multifunctional materials and devices with desirable features and structural complexities for applications in sustainable antifouling, drag reduction, nondestructive transportation, liquid collection, and biomedicine, among other areas.
Probing the Spin Dimensionality in Single‐Layer CrSBr Van Der Waals Heterostructures by Magneto‐Transport Measurements
Authors: Boix‐Constant Carla , Mañas‐Valero Samuel , Ruiz Alberto M. , Rybakov Andrey , Konieczny Krzysztof Aleksander , Pillet Sébastien , Baldoví José J. , Coronado Eugenio 
Published: August 2022

Abstract2D magnetic materials offer unprecedented opportunities for fundamental and applied research in spintronics and magnonics. Beyond the pioneering studies on 2D CrI3 and Cr2Ge2Te6, the field has expanded to 2D antiferromagnets exhibiting different spin anisotropies and textures. Of particular interest is the layered metamagnet CrSBr, a relatively air‐stable semiconductor formed by antiferromagnetically‐coupled ferromagnetic layers (Tc∼150 K) that can be exfoliated down to the single‐layer. It presents a complex magnetic behavior with a dynamic magnetic crossover, exhibiting a low‐temperature hidden‐order below T*∼40 K. Here, the magneto‐transport properties of CrSBr vertical heterostructures in the 2D limit are inspected. The results demonstrate the marked low‐dimensional character of the ferromagnetic monolayer, with short‐range correlations above Tc and an Ising‐type in‐plane anisotropy, being the spins spontaneously aligned along the easy axis b below Tc. By applying moderate magnetic fields along a and c axes, a spin‐reorientation occurs, leading to a magnetoresistance enhancement below T*. In multilayers, a spin‐valve behavior is observed, with negative magnetoresistance strongly enhanced along the three directions below T*. These results show that CrSBr monolayer/bilayer provides an ideal platform for studying and controlling field‐induced phenomena in two‐dimensions, offering new insights regarding 2D magnets and their integration into vertical spintronic devices.