bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Woody invaders are more highly colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi than congeneric native species
Authors: Lamit Louis J. , Giovati Amy S. , Jo Insu , Frank Doug A. , Fridley Jason D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPremiseInvasive species tend to possess acquisitive plant traits that support fast growth and strong competitive ability. However, the relevance of symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to the fast growing, acquisitive strategy of invasive species is still unclear.MethodsWe measured AMF colonization in roots of five congeneric pairs of invasive and native eastern North American woody species (10 species total; 4 lianas, 6 shrubs) that were grown in a monoculture common garden experiment in Syracuse, NY. We then examined the relationships of AMF colonization to above and belowground traits of these species.ResultsTotal AMF colonization and arbuscule colonization were greater in invasive compared to native woody species, a pattern that was more distinct in congeneric shrubs than congeneric lianas. The level of AMF colonization was also positively correlated with traits indicative of rapid plant growth and nutrient uptake.ConclusionsThe concordance of a resource‐acquisitive strategy with higher AMF colonization suggests that symbioses with AMF may be part of the strategy by which invasive woody plants of eastern North America are able to maintain fast growth rates and outcompete their native counterparts.
External validation of the HIGH‐2‐LOW model: A predictive score for venous thromboembolism after allogeneic transplant
Authors: Li Ang , Martens Kylee L. , Nguyen Daniel , Basom Ryan , Rondon Gabriela , Jin Shida , Young Elliana , Amos Christopher I. , Lee Stephanie J. , Davis Chris , Garcia David A. , Champlin Richard , Shpall Elizabeth , Kebriaei Partow , Rojas Hernandez Cristhiam 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains a serious complication that lacks validated risk assessment models (RAMs) to guide thromboprophylaxis. To address this dilemma, we performed a temporal and external validation study of the recently derived HIGH‐2‐LOW RAM. We selected adult patients undergoing allogeneic HCT from Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC) and MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC). Patients who died, received anticoagulation, or did not engraft platelets by day 30 were excluded. Primary outcomes were defined as overall VTE and pulmonary embolism ± lower‐extremity deep venous thromboembolism (PE/LE‐DVT) by day 180. Covariates were weighted according to the original model, except that grade 2–4 GVHD was substituted for grade 3–4. Discrimination and calibration were assessed. A total of 765 patients from FHCRC and 954 patients from MDACC were included. Incident VTE by day 180 was 5.1% at FHCRC and 6.8% at MDACC. The HIGH‐2‐LOW score had a c‐statistic of 0.67 (0.59–0.75) for VTE and 0.75 (0.64–0.81) for PE/LE‐DVT at FHCRC and 0.62 (0.55–0.70) for VTE and 0.70 (0.56–0.83) for PE/LE‐DVT at MDACC. Twenty‐five percent and 23% of patients were classified as high risk (2+ points) in the two cohorts, respectively. High versus low‐risk was associated with odds ratio (OR) of 2.80 (1.46–5.38) for VTE and 4.21 (1.82–9.77) for PE/LE‐DVT at FHCRC and OR of 3.54 (2.12–5.91) for VTE and 6.82 (2.30–20.16) for PE‐LE‐DVT at MDACC. The HIGH‐2‐LOW RAM identified allogeneic HCT recipients at high risk for VTE in both validation cohorts. It can improve evidence‐based decision‐making for thromboprophylaxis post‐transplant.
Work‐related allergy and asthma associated with cleaning agents in health workers in Southern African tertiary hospitals
Authors: Mwanga Hussein H. , Baatjies Roslynn , Singh Tanusha , Jeebhay Mohamed F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundHealth workers (HWs) are exposed to diverse cleaning agents in large hospitals. This study determined the prevalence of work‐related symptoms, allergic sensitization, and lung function abnormalities in HWs of two tertiary hospitals in Southern Africa.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of 699 HWs (South Africa: SAH, n = 346; Tanzania: TAH, n = 353) was conducted. Health outcomes were assessed using a standardized ECRHS questionnaire, immunological tests (specific IgE antibody to common aero‐allergens and to occupational allergens: natural rubber latex [NRL] Hev b5 and Hev b6.02, chlorhexidine, and ortho‐phthalaldehyde [OPA]), spirometry [pre‐and post‐ bronchodilator], methacholine challenge, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO).ResultsA large proportion of participants (78%) were women. Median age was 42 years, with 76% nurses, 12% cleaners, and 5% administrative workers. Current smoking was more common in SAHWs (12%) than TAHWs (1%). The overall prevalence of doctor‐diagnosed asthma was 7%. Atopy was present in 43% of HWs, while 4% were sensitized to OPA, 2% to NRL, and 1% to chlorhexidine. Prevalence of work‐related ocular‐nasal symptoms (16%) was higher than skin (12%) and chest (7%) symptoms. TAHWs had significantly lower mean lung volumes, higher degrees of significant airflow obstruction and impaired lung function. The prevalence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in SAHWs (14%) was high. Overall, 23% of HWs had abnormal FeNO; 6% having high (>50 ppb) levels. FeNO was positively associated with sensitization to occupational allergens, primarily OPA and NRL.ConclusionsHWs from both hospitals had similar prevalence of work‐related respiratory symptoms. Sensitization to OPA and NRL appears to be contributing to allergic airway inflammation in these HWs.
Modeling Communicable Diseases, Human Mobility, and Epidemics: A Review
Authors: Soriano‐Paños David , Cota Wesley , Ferreira Silvio C. , Ghoshal Gourab , Arenas Alex , Gómez‐Gardeñes Jesús 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe spatiotemporal propagation patterns of recent infectious diseases, originated as localized epidemic outbreaks and eventually becoming global pandemics, are highly influenced by human mobility. Case exportation from endemic areas to the rest of the countries has become unavoidable because of the striking growth of the global mobility network, helping to overcome the physical distance existing between faraway regions. In this context, understanding the features driving contagions upon the arrival of an index case in local environments constitutes an essential task to devise policies aimed at avoiding the community transmission of these diseases and the subsequent case exportation to other unaffected areas. In this review, an overview of the different models addressing this topic is given, focusing on the movement–interaction–return model and different subsequent frameworks introduced to explain the complex interplay between the recurrent movements and contagion dynamics.
Soot blowing optimization for platen superheater of coal‐fired power plant boiler based on heat loss analysis
Authors: Xu Ligang , Huang Yaji , Yue Junfeng , Chen Bo , Yu Mengzhu , Zhu Zhicheng , Cheng Haoqiang , Xu Wentao , Li Zhiyuan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the power plant boiler, the problems about the deterioration of the heat transfer performance of heat exchangers and the waste of steam caused by the inappropriate soot blowing operations need to be solved. In this paper, for the platen superheater, the model for detecting the ash fouling was established based on the heat loss analysis and the GA‐BP neural networks. The detection results have validated that the heat loss caused by fouling that was set as the detection indicator can reflect the actual fouling trend of the platen superheater. In addition, the optimization model for soot blowing was built by the model of maximum net heat profit per unit time and the proposed dynamic judgment method. The optimization results have shown that the heat transfer performance can be boosted significantly by the optimization model. Setting the cumulative increment of heat loss as the judging variable was much more reliable and can realize the timely modification of the optimum moment and duration of the soot blowing according to the actual working condition.
Preparation and research of optical coating of star‐shaped titanium‐oxo cluster‐hybrid material
Authors: Gu Qintian , Cheng Guixiang , Ji Bowen , Hu Jian , Yue Xibin , Guo Qiuyue , Mai Chongyang , Yang Li , Lv Chengcheng , Zhang Hongwen , Jiang Yan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this article, the titanium‐oxo cluster containing bromine had been prepared by solvothermal synthesis, which was used to initiate the atom transfer radical polymerization of butyl methacrylate in order to obtain organic–inorganic hybrid materials. The structures and compositions of titanium‐oxo cluster and its hybrid materials were characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), 1H nuclear magnetic and infrared spectra tests. The hybrid materials with different molecular weights were dissolved in tetrahydrofuran and coated on the surface of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, which was used to study the surface properties. Compared with 89.7% light transmittance of the pure PET film, the light transmittance of the modified films was up to 93.3%. Meanwhile, the water contact angles of the modified films also significantly increased. It would be conducive to the self‐cleaning of the film surface. The coatings prepared by the static respiration diagram method had better hydrophobic effect and show the performance of light scattering. All of that could be proved through the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The elastic modulus and hardness of hybrid materials also change with the increase of molecular weight. In addition, the Tg of the hybrid materials increased, which means they have better thermal stability than that of Polybutylmethacrylate (PBMA).
Highly Crystalline Ag‐based Coordination Polymers for Efficient Photocatalytic Oxidation of Sulfides
Authors: Li Yang , Cheng Xiuyan , Jin Yigang , Li Ze , Sun Yimeng , Zou Ye , Liu Liyao , Zhang Jianling , Xu Wei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCoordination polymers (CPs) display great potential for the development of highly active photocatalysts. Herein, we report the fabrication of a highly crystalline CP, [Ag2BTT]n (BTT=benzene‐1,2,4,5‐tetrathiol). The crystal structure of [Ag2BTT]n was resolved and its performance for photocatalytic oxidation of thioanisole was explored. [Ag2BTT]n is highly active and selective for the photo‐oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides under mild conditions, that is, in air, at room temperature and in the absence of a sacrificial reagent, co‐catalyst or redox mediator.
Global finite‐time cooperative control for multiple manipulators using integral sliding mode control
Authors: Van Mien , Sam Ge Shuzhi , Ceglarek Dariusz 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a global finite‐time cooperative control is first time proposed for cooperative multiple manipulators. The proposed control scheme is developed based on an integration between a finite‐time disturbance observer (FTDO) and a finite‐time integral sliding mode controller (FTISMC) to get a high robustness against the effects of the model uncertainties and disturbances in the system. The switching term of the integral sliding mode controller is reconstructed such that the desired sliding manifold can be convergent in a finite time. The nominal controller of the integral sliding mode control is developed based on an advanced backstepping control, namely, finite‐time backstepping control, which also provides a finite time convergence. The integration of the finite‐time disturbance observer, finite‐time switching term, and the finite‐time backstepping controller forms a new global finite‐time integral sliding mode control. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated based on a cooperative control of a dual two‐link manipulators.
Effects of reinforcer type on the durability of treatment for escape‐maintained behavior
Authors: Bonner Andrew C. , Weinsztok Sarah C. , Fernandez Nathalie , Frank‐Crawford Michelle A. , DeLeon Iser G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the absence of escape extinction, evidence suggests that positive reinforcement may decrease escape‐maintained behavior. A variety of reinforcers (e.g., food, tokens, and escape) have been used to strengthen alternative behavior in prior research. But, the differential effects of these reinforcers on an intervention's capacity to maintain low rates of problem behavior in the absence of escape extinction during schedule thinning remains unknown. The current study evaluated whether interventions incorporating the use of tokens would equal the effects (in terms of the intervention's capacity to maintain low rates of problem behavior during schedule thinning) of interventions that incorporated escape or food. Results showed that for two of three participants diagnosed with intellectual and developmental disabilities, token reinforcement produced therapeutic effects during schedule thinning. For all participants, the intervention involving negative reinforcement for compliance was either ineffective or deteriorated as the schedule of reinforcement was thinned.
Hsp90 inhibition protects brain endothelial cells against LPS‐induced injury
Authors: Uddin Mohammad A. , Akhter Mohammad S. , Kubra Khadeja‐Tul , Barabutis Nektarios 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDysfunction of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) endothelium increases infiltration of lymphocytes and innate immune cells in the brain, leading to the development of neurological disorders. Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitors are anti‐inflammatory agents and P53 inducers, which reduce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a diverse variety of human tissues. In this study, we investigate the effects of those compounds in LPS‐induced brain endothelial inflammation, by utilizing human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3). Our results suggest that Hsp90 inhibitors suppress inflammation by inhibiting the LPS‐induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3); and P38 activation. Moreover, those compounds reduce the P53 suppressors murine double minute 2 (MDM2) and murine double minute 4 (MDM4). Immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein/glucose‐regulated protein 78 (BiP/Grp78)—a key element of endothelial barrier integrity‐was also increased by Hsp90 inhibition. Hence, we conclude that application of Hsp90 inhibitors in diseases related to BBB dysfunction may deliver a novel therapeutic possibility in the affected population.
Exploring access to care from the perspective of patients with breast cancer: A qualitative study
Authors: Brown Carolyn M. , Kanu Chisom , Richards Kristin M. , Stevens Laura , Sasane Rahul , McAneny Barbara 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesPatients face a myriad of personal and system‐based challenges in accessing breast cancer care, but less is known about access as expressed and experienced by patients themselves. The objective of this qualitative study was to further explore the breadth of issues related to access from the perspective of patients with breast cancer across their care journey.MethodsTwelve women participated in 1‐h semi‐structured interviews and 48 women participated in 2‐h focus groups at six oncology practices in 2018. Grounded theory was used to analyze the data.ResultsSix primary themes emerged concerning access to care: information, psychosocial support, health insurance, financial resources, timeliness, and emotions.ConclusionsThis study identified six core dimensions of access to care. Access encompassed not only gaining entrée to care services—in the traditional sense of access—but also the continuing support needed to effectively use those services throughout the cancer care journey. Future strategies aimed at improving access to breast cancer care should attend to these ongoing patient‐centric and system‐based issues which are mostly amenable to change.
A Study on AI‐based Waste Management Strategies for the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Rubab Saddaf , Khan Malik M. , Uddin Fahim , Abbas Bangash Yawar , Taqvi Syed Ali Ammar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCOVID‐19 has swept across the globe and disrupted all vectors of social life. Every informed measure must be taken to stop its spread, bring down number of new infections and move to normalization of daily life. Contemporary research has not identified waste management as one of the critical transmission vectors for COVID‐19 virus. However, most underdeveloped countries are facing problems in waste management processes due to the general inadequacy and inability of waste management. In that context, smart intervention will be needed to contain possibility of the COVID‐19 spread due to inadequate waste management. This paper presents a comparative study of the artificial intelligence/machine learning based techniques, and potential applications in the COVID‐19 waste management cycle (WMC). A general integrated solid waste management (ISWM) strategy is mapped for both short‐term and long‐term goals of COVID‐19 WMC, making use of the techniques investigated. By aligning current health/waste‐related guidelines from health organizations and governments worldwide and contemporary, relevant research in area, the challenge of COVID‐19 waste management and, subsequently, slowing the pandemic down may be assisted.
Recent Advances in Detection and Removal of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Water
Authors: Punia Pinki , Bharti Manish Kumar , Dhar Rakesh , Thakur Preeti , Thakur Atul 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe water treatment process by removing heavy metals from polluted sources is explained in detail. Various detection and removal techniques and their modeling for heavy metal removal are reviewed. Detection of heavy metals is possible by several optical, spectroscopic and electrochemical methods. Due to their high efficiencies and accurate evaluation capabilities, several spectroscopic as well as other techniques like neutron activation analysis and X‐ray fluorescence are discussed and found highly significant. Adsorption, photocatalysis, ion exchange, electrochemical methods, membrane filtration, chemical precipitation, and forward osmosis are the most frequently used techniques for heavy metal removal, being up to 100 % efficient to detect and remove heavy metal ions. The design, operation, and key features of all techniques are explained. The regeneration of used adsorbents, resins, and other materials to remove heavy metals is found as key step in the wastewater treatment process.
Calcium sulfate matrix as local antibiotic carrier in the mastoid
Authors: Dalbert Adrian , Bächinger David , Soyka Michael , Röösli Christof , Inci Ilhan , Schuurmans Macé M. , Achermann Yvonne , Huber Alexander 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe describe the use of calcium sulfate beads as antibiotic carrier in a patient, who suffered from chronic mastoiditis with consecutive otogenic meningitis due to Burkholderia cenocepacia. Our findings suggest a possible role of calcium sulfate matrix as a local antibiotic carrier in the mastoid in complicated mastoiditis cases.
Life‐threatening gastrointestinal bleeding from splenic artery pseudoaneurysm due to gastric ulcer penetration treated by surgical hemostasis with resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta: A case report
Authors: Nakata Tomonori , Okishio Yuko , Ueda Kentaro , Nasu Toru , Kawashima Shuji , Kunitatsu Kosei , Kato Seiya 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe report the case of a patient for whom surgical hemostasis of gastrointestinal bleeding due to a splenic artery pseudoaneurysm, which developed due to gastric ulcer penetration, was achieved with resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta without ischemia of organs including the spleen.
Biomass Waste‐Derived Electrocatalyst Constructed with g‐C3N4 as a Multifunctional Template for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Wang Liyan , Guo Sheng‐Qi , Hu Zhenzhong , Shen Boxiong , Zhou Wei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExploring an effective way to convert biomass waste into highly active oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts will not only benefit alleviating environmental management pressure, but also open up new ways for the development of alternatives to Pt‐based catalysts. Although the traditional pyrolysis conversion method has been proved to be stable and feasible, the low electrocatalytic activity of the product and the cumbersome post‐treatment process make it difficult to be popularized. Here, we report an effective method to overcome the mentioned drawbacks: the introduction of g‐C3N4. The experimental results confirm that g‐C3N4 can be used as a multifunctional template for adjusting the morphology and providing N source. More importantly, it will decompose at 700 °C and avoid post‐treatment of residues. The pyrolysis products assisted by g‐C3N4 exhibit similar ORR performances to commercial Pt/C, including onset potential of 0.963 V (vs. RHE), half‐wave potential of 0.835 V (vs. RHE) and limiting current density of 6.35 mA ⋅ cm−2. Impressively, the product displayed outstanding performance on output power density (107 mW ⋅ cm−2) and discharge performance at different current densities as the air electrode of zinc‐air battery, which even superior to that of commercial Pt/C. This study elucidated the functional role of g‐C3N4 in reaction system and facilitated the development of more efficient biomass waste‐based ORR electrocatalysts.
Module Assembly Strategy for Single‐Cell Nucleic Acid Imaging at the Sub‐Molecule Level
Authors: Teng Xucong , Dai Yicong , Li Jinghong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSingle‐cell imaging has unique advantages of maintaining the in situ physiological state, morphology, and microenvironment, becoming a powerful tool to unravel the nature of intracellular nucleic acids. The analysis of nucleic acids unprecedentedly demands the sub‐molecule details at segment or subunit, secondary structure and monomer levels, instead of just probing the sequence and the abundance of nucleic acids. Detection of nucleic acids at the sub‐molecule level requires higher specificity and higher sensitivity, which becomes a new challenge in nucleic acid analysis. Herein, we summarize the recent progress in the design and the application of single‐cell nucleic acid imaging methods at the sub‐molecule level, including the visualization of RNA splicing variants, RNA G‐quadruplexes in an individual gene, single nucleotide variation of mitochondrial DNA, and RNA m6A methylation. Remarkably, we highlight the key strategy, “Module Assembly”, for high‐performance molecular recognition and demonstrate the required improvements in future research.
Partial Phosphorization: A Strategy to Improve Some Performance(s) of Thiolated Metal Nanoclusters Without Notable Reduction of Stability
Authors: He Zongbing , Yang Ying , Zou Jiafeng , You Qing , Feng Lei , Li Man‐Bo , Wu Zhikun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThiolates endow metal nanoclusters with stability while sometimes inhibit the catalytic activity due to the strong M−S interaction (M: metal atom). To improve the catalytic activity and keep the stability to some extent, one strategy is the partial phosphorization of thiolated metal nanoclusters. This is demonstrated by successful partial phosphorization of Au23(SC6H11)16 and by revealing that the products Au22(SC6H11)14(PPh3)2 and Au22(SC6H11)12(PPh3)4, with varied degree of phosphorization, both show excellent activity in the photocatalytic oxidation of thioanisole without notable reduction of stability. Furthermore, Au22(SC6H11)12(PPh3)4 exhibits better photoluminescence performance than the mother nanocluster Au23(SC6H11)16, indicating that partial phosphorization can also improve some other performance(s) except for the catalytic performance. The intermediates Au22‐xCux(SC6H11)12(PPh3)4 (x=1, 2) in the transformation from Au23(SC6H11)16 (Au22(SC6H11)14(PPh3)2) to Au22(SC6H11)12(PPh3)4 were captured and identified by mass spectrometry and single crystal X‐ray diffraction, which throws light on the understanding of the non‐alloyed anti‐galvanic reaction.