bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A81 TRANSITION PRACTICES FROM PEDIATRIC TO ADULT CARE OF CHILDREN LIVING WITH CROHN’S DISEASE IN QUEBEC
Authors: Gong R , Kafyeke R , Bah B , Weber A , Morsa M , Deslandres C , Jantchou P 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Nearly 25% of Crohn’s disease cases are diagnosed during childhood. Among them, several adolescents may have extensive or complex disease implying specific needs during transition to adult care.

Aims
The primary aim was to describe current transition practices from pediatric to adult care in patients diagnosed with Crohn’s disease at CHU Sainte-Justine. The secondary aim was to determine factors that influenced the type of adult health centers (academic vs non-academic) to which patients were referred.

Methods
This single center study included patients diagnosed with Crohn’s disease at CHU Sainte-Justine between 2009 and 2019. Adult centers were separated into five categories: academic centers in Montreal (CHU-Mtl) and outside of Montreal (CHU), non-academic centers in Montreal (CHG-Mtl) and outside of Montreal (CHG), and other centers. The following factors influencing the transfer to an academic center were analyzed in a multivariate logistic regression model: age at diagnosis, gender, disease location, disease activity: relapses, hospitalizations, emergency room (ER) visits, and place of residence.

Results
A total of 366 patients were included: 44% female, median (IQR) age at transfer 18.0 (17.9–18.4). Among them, 169 (48%) were transferred to CHU-Mtl, 144 (39%) to CHG, 22(6%) to CHU, 4 (1%) to CHG-Mtl, 27 (7%) to other centers. There was a significant increase in the annual number of patients referred to CHG and CHU-Mtl across the decade, compared to other centers. Patients transferred to CHU-Mtl had more relapses per year (mean (SD) 0.8 (0.5) versus patients transferred to CHU, CHG and CHG-Mtl, p=0.0348), and 57% (N=97) of patients sent to CHU-Mtl had already visited the ER, as compared to 54%, 40% and 25% for CHU, CHG and CHG-Mtl respectively (p=0.0258). However, gender, age at diagnosis, maintenance treatment, number and duration of hospitalisations, extraintestinal manifestations, perianal inflammation or extensive disease location did not correlate with the type of adult center. Place of residence played a role in the choice of adult center: 56% (N= 95) of patients transferred to CHU-Mtl lived in Montreal (p&lt;0.0001).

Conclusions
Clinical evolution and disease burden have an impact on the type of adult center. Efforts should be put to understand patient factors associated with the transfer to an academic vs non-academic center, for a better utilization of healthcare resources and adequate patient quality of life during transition.

Funding Agencies
NonePrincipal researcher funds
A91 CANADIAN FEMALE FELLOW PERSPECTIVES ON TRAINING IN THE BOYS CLUB: ADVANCED THERAPEUTIC ENDOSCOPY
Authors: Jain A , Barker M , Telford J J 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Unequal female representation in the field of advanced therapeutic endoscopy (ATE) has been recently highlighted in the United States. Previous attempts to determine the barriers of entry into the career have found reasons including lack of mentorship, patriarchy, inflexible hours/call and exposure to fluoroscopy. There is no current literature describing the landscape of exposure to ATE for trainees in Canada or determining differences in experience based on gender.

Aims
We sought to determine the barriers to pursuing a career in advanced therapeutic endoscopy, specifically focussing on the perspectives of Canadian female gastroenterology fellows.

Methods
A survey was developed and distributed to the gastroenterology fellows enrolled in Royal College accredited programs across Canada via an online survey platform.

Results
Responses were received from gastroenterology fellows at 12 out of the 14 Canadian universities with Royal College accredited programs. The response rate was 46% (n=42, 16 female respondents, 26 male respondents). An equal proportion of male (42%, n=11) and female (38%, n=6) trainees indicated interest in a career in ATE. 38% (n=6) of female trainees felt that they had inadequate mentorship opportunities/role models within ATE, in comparison to 4% (n=1) of males (p=0.004). Furthermore, 19% (n=3) of females felt that this lack of mentorship/role models was a primary deterrent from pursuing ATE as a career, in comparison to 0% of males (p=0.02). There was equal self-perceived competency surrounding ATE knowledge between both genders.

Conclusions
Female gastroenterology fellows in Canada lack mentorship and role models in ATE, which they also indicated as a primary deterrent from pursuing it as a career when compared to their male counterparts. Recognizing and addressing the lack of female leadership and visibility is necessary to improve parity and encourage women to train in the male-dominated field of ATE.

Funding Agencies
None
A94 PERI-PROCEDURAL MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS RECEIVING A DIRECT ORAL ANTICOAGULANT UNDERGOING A DIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY
Authors: Barkun A N , Barkun C , Martel M , INVESTIGATORS P 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
The peri-procedural management of patients on a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) requiring an elective digestive (GI) endoscopic procedure remains uncertain.

Aims
To investigate the safety of a standardized peri-procedural DOAC management strategy.

Methods
The Perioperative Anticoagulation Use for Surgery Evaluation (PAUSE) cohort study was conducted at 23 clinical centers in North America and Europe. Participants (n=3007) all had atrial fibrillation (AF), were &gt;18 years old, long-term users of Apixaban, Rivaroxaban, or Dabigatran, and scheduled for an elective procedure or surgery; all could adhere to the DOAC interruption protocol. This analysis focuses on the 579 patients undergoing a digestive endoscopic procedure. The DOAC interruption (1–2 days pre-endoscopy) and resumption (1–3 days post-endoscopy) strategy is based on the DOAC molecule, patient renal function, with most GI procedures considered at low-risk for bleeding. Follow-up occurred at 30 days. Outcomes included GI bleeding and thromboembolic events (ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, myocardial infarction, systemic embolism, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism) and mortality.

Results
Of the 556 patients (72.5 +8.6 yrs; 37.4 % female), 38.9%) were on Apixaban, 36.9% on Rivaroxaban, and 24.3% on Dabigatran; 10.1% were on anti-platelet therapy. The overall CHADS score was 1.7 +1.0. Overall, 525 patients were categorized as having a low risk for bleeding, and 31 were at high-risk. DOAC were stopped 2.0 +0.5 days pre-procedure and restarted 1.9 +1.5 days post-procedure. Overall rates were: all bleeding 4.4% (2.9–6.4), GI bleeding 2.5% (1.4–4.2%), while 0.7% (0.3–1.8%) experienced a thromboembolic event. Additional results are listed in Table 1.

Conclusions
Patients with AF undergoing a standardized DOAC therapy interruption management protocol for elective digestive endoscopy experienced low rates of major bleeding and arterial thromboembolism.
All results reported as % and 95% CI * outcomes were missing for 4 patients that had the procedure

Funding Agencies
None
A101 BLASTIC PLASMACYTOID DENDRITIC CELL NEOPLASM OCCURRING POST-LIVER TRANSPLANT FOR PSC WITH CLINICAL REMISSION OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS AFTER STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: Donaldson M A , Akhtar D , Buttar J , Salh B 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare autoimmune fibroinflammatory disease that is associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and can progress to end-stage liver disease (ESLD) requiring liver transplantation (LT). Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a highly aggressive and rare hematologic malignancy (HM) that usually affects elderly males. High-dose chemotherapy followed by allogenic stem cell transplantation (SCT) offers the best chance of long-term remission in BPDCN. While it is well described that there is an increased risk of de-novo cancer development after solid organ transplantation (SOT), these are less commonly HMs. There are currently no documented cases of BPDCN in post-SOT patients in the literature.

Aims
To describe one of the first cases of BPDCN in a patient post-SOT, and subsequent clinical resolution of UC post SCT.

Methods
Case Report

Results
A 19-year-old previously healthy male initially presented with cholangitis and was diagnosed with PSC. Two years after the diagnosis of PSC, he progressed to ESLD and underwent live donor LT in India. He subsequently presented with episodes of bloody diarrhea and a colonoscopy then revealed diffuse mucosal edema, erosions, and spontaneous bleeding, with scattered inflammatory polyps throughout the colon. UC was diagnosed and Infliximab therapy was started. He later presented with a UC flare and Vedolizumab therapy was initiated. A liver biopsy showed recurrent sclerosing cholangitis and ultimately the patient required a second liver transplant. After the second LT he developed weight loss, arthralgias, and progressive splenomegaly following which BPCDN was diagnosed. His Vedolizumab was subsequently stopped. He received induction chemotherapy followed by a single antigen mismatched allogenic SCT. Whilst he had numerous complications associated with his chemotherapy induction, his UC appeared to be in clinical remission. No repeat colonoscopies were completed, however, on follow-up assessments, he denied abdominal pain and reported having formed, non-bloody stools. Unfortunately, he suffered an aggressive relapse of his BPCDN, and he was palliated.

Conclusions
The development of de-novo cancers after LT is common, and patients with PSC are at particularly high risk. PSC-LT patients have also been found to have the highest rate of hematological malignancies post LT; however, these are most commonly post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. Additionally, there have been a few reports of complete resolution of IBD after allogenic mismatched SCT. Here we describe one of the first cases of BPCDN post-LT in a PSC-UC patient and display another example of UC clinical remission post allogenic SCT. These findings emphasize that close follow-up of these patients after LT is imperative.

Funding Agencies
None
A103 META-ANALYSIS: NEOPLASIA OF THE POUCH IN PATIENTS WITH ULCERATIVE COLITIS POST ILEAL POUCH-ANAL ANASTOMOSIS
Authors: Alazemi K , Hussain M , Hudson D , Khanna R 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Ileal anal pouch anastomosis (IPAA) is often used for patients with severe ulcerative colitis that is refractory to medical treatment or for patients with neoplasia/dysplasia to maintain intestinal continuity. Patients with ulcerative colitis have an increased risk of developing dysplasia or colorectal cancer compared to the general population, however the need for pouch surveillance is debated. A meta-analysis was performed to identify the risk and prevalence of pouch related malignancy in patient with ulcerative colitis following IPAA.

Aims
Our aim is to assess of the rate of dysplasia and malignancy post IPAA in patients with ulcerative colitis and also assess what the factors associated with developing malignancy post IPAA

Methods
A search of Embase and Ovid MEDLINE was conducted to identify studies from 2014 to June 2021 that reported the incidence of dysplasia or malignancy following IPAA in patients with ulcerative colitis. Abstracts and conferences were not included in the search. The studies were assessed for relevance and data were extracted independently by two reviewers.

Results
This analysis included 11, 268 patients with variable follow-up. The evidence was graded as low-certainty due to significant heterogeneity and low-quality studies. The pooled prevalence of carcinoma or dysplasia (low or high grade) in pouch or the rectal cuff was 0.4% [95% CI 0.2- 0.7]. However, in patients with prior colectomy for colorectal cancer the odds ratio was 32.20 [95% CI 15.58 - 66.53] for pouch malignancy. Significant heterogeneity and variability of the pooled studies was identified (I2 = 77.5%).

Conclusions
Although the rate of dysplasia or malignancy was 0.4% for all IPAA, the odds ratio for these outcomes in patients with IPAA for prior malignancy was 32.20 [95% CI 15.58 - 66.53]. Further studies are required to validate these findings.

Funding Agencies
None
A115 ACCURACY OF OPTICAL DIAGNOSIS IN ENDOSCOPY AT A TERTIARY ACADEMIC CENTER
Authors: Pattni C , Fecso A , Jugnundan S , Gupta S , Teshima C W , Mosko J 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Optical diagnosis relies on the ability of the endoscopist to visualize normal and abnormal patterns on the epithelial surface of the gastrointestinal tract. With ongoing technologic advances in image-enhanced and magnifying endoscopy, there has been more attention given to improving our ability to visually evaluate and classify lesions as this can help guide decisions around resection techniques. However, the accuracy of optical diagnosis of epithelial lesions remains under investigated.

Aims
To analyse (1) the presence or absence of descriptive details (size, gross morphology, and classification systems used) of lesions of interest within the endoscopy report and (2) the accuracy of the optical diagnosis, when stated, as compared to the final pathology report.

Methods
This is a single-centre retrospective chart review and quality improvement initiative conducted at St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario. All patients who had polypectomy performed between January 1st, 2019 and December 31st, 2020 for polyp(s) &gt; 10mm in size, were eligible for study inclusion. Patients were excluded if polyps did not meet the size criteria, the polyp was not resected, or absent documentation. Descriptive statistics were conducted.

Results
2100 patients had polypectomies during the study period. 714 patients with 833 polyps &gt;10mm in size were included in the data analysis. Estimated size was reported for 93% of polyps, gross morphology for 68%, and a classification system for 72%. All three description parameters were reported for 52% of polyps. Predicted pathology was recorded in 41% of polyps. When documented, the accuracy of optical diagnosis was 71%.

Conclusions
In our study, the presence of key descriptive details attributed to polyps at the time of polypectomy was lower than expected. In addition, an optical diagnosis was documented in less than half of the time. Finally, the overall accuracy of optical diagnosis was lower than predicted potentially related to the underreporting and underutilization the important predictors of submucosal invasion. Considering that making real-time endoscopic diagnoses has major implications on treatment decisions, it is imperative that we work on these skills to improve patient outcomes (increasing R0 resection rates, decreasing recurrence and avoiding unnecessary surgeries). Through this project, recommendations will be made regarding the implementation of synoptic reporting in addition to guiding future quality improvement initiatives.

Funding Agencies
None
A122 OUTCOMES OF COLD SNARE POLYPECTOMY FOR POLYPS GREATER THAN 20 MM: DATA FROM AN ACADEMIC CENTER
Authors: Johar J , Kohansal A R , Farina D , Gruchy S E , Williams G , Patel S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Cold snare polypectomy (CSP) is widely utilized for resection of small polyps (less than 10mm), due to the technique’s favourable safety profile. However, Hot Snare Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (HSEMR) remains the standard of care for large polyps greater than or equal to 20mm. HSEMR carries an increased risk of complications. These include delayed bleeding, perforation, and post-polypectomy syndrome, along with residual or recurrent adenomatous (RRA).
More recently, Cold Snare Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (CSEMR) technique has been used selectively for polyps greater than 20mm. Published studies have demonstrated a significantly lower adverse event rate of complications as compared with HSEMR. RRA utilizing CSP remains a concern, with a recent publication reporting a recurrence of 34.8% on follow-up endoscopy. We present the experience at a single Canadian academic centre with patients undergoing CSEMR for polyps greater than 20mm.

Aims
To demonstrate the efficacy and safety of cold snare endoscopic mucosal resection CSEMR of large (greater than or equal to 20mm) polyps at a single Canadian academic centre.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed colonoscopies performed by endoscopists employing this technique at our centre from January 2020 to August 2021. 15 total cases were identified for patients with polyps greater than or equal to 20 mm, removed by CSEMR technique.

Results
Patient age ranged from 41 to 76, with a median patient age was 66. There were 10 males and 5 females. There were no adverse events intraoperatively. 15/15 (100%) polyps were successfully resected using CSEMR technique. Polyp size ranged from 2 cm to 7 cm, and there was a median polyp size of 3 cm. 14/15 (93%) polyps were proximal to the splenic flexure, with 1/15 (7%) polyp in the rectum. 6/15 (40%) patients received snare tip soft coagulation to the edges of the polypectomy site. Polyp histology included 7 tubular adenomas, 3 tubulovillous adenomas, 4 sessile serrated polyps, and one hyperplastic polyp. Two patients were on aspirin 81 mg daily, and there were zero patients on any other antiplatelets or anticoagulation. 1/15 patient presented with late bleeding requiring emergent colonoscopy. There were no immediate or delayed perforations or other serious adverse events recorded.
Approximately 50% of patients have had follow-up colonoscopy within 3–6 months of their initial procedure. Follow-up ranged from 12 to 252 days, with a median time to follow up of 171 days. 3/7 (43%) patients had histologic evidence of recurrence at follow-up colonoscopy, all of which were successfully treated endoscopically.

Conclusions
Selective CSEMR is a safe and effective technique, with a low risk of complications. There may be a higher rate of residual polyp at follow-up colonoscopy compared to HSEMR. This data will need further validation with a larger sample size.

Funding Agencies
None
A125 A NOVEL TECHNIQUE COMBINING EUS AND SPYGLASS DS SYSTEM GUIDANCE FOR BOTH THE DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF AFFERENT LIMB SYNDROME
Authors: Almousawi F , Kim B , Mosko J 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Afferent limb syndrome is obstruction of a biliary-enteric limb following pancreaticoduodenectomy. In the past, treatment was limited to surgery or insertion of a percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage tube. A more recent approach to treatment is Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS)-guided gastrojejunostomy using a lumen apposing metal stent (LAMS). It was first described in two single case reports in 2015 and has been growing in its application. We present a case series of 2 patients where afferent limb syndrome was successfully managed with EUS guided gastrojejunostomy using LAMS.

Aims
1-To demonstrate a novel technique for diagnosis and management of afferent limb syndrome.

Methods
Case # 1- 79 year old female post Whipple’s surgery for ampullary carcinoma, presented two years after surgery with significant nausea and vomiting. CT scan showed obstruction of the afferent loop suspicious for local tumor recurrence. Patient underwent EUS-guided gastrojejunostomy with successful insertion of 20 x 10 mm (AXIOS EC, Boston Scientific) stent.
Case # 2-. A 51 year old male with pancreatic CA status post Whipple surgery presented with worsening abdominal pain and nausea. CT scan confirmed afferent limb syndrome. He underwent EUS- guided gastrojejunostomy with successful placement of 10 x 10 mm (AXIOS EC, Boston Scientific).

Results
Case #1: Patient improved dramatically within days and resumed oral diet. Fourteen days later, an upper endoscopy was performed in order to assess the stricture via an anterograde approach. The adult Olympus HQ gastroscope was advanced through the AXIOS stent into the afferent limb to the level of the stenosis where a tight stricture was seen. Multiple biopsies taken and were negative for malignancy. Four weeks later, she continued to tolerate oral diet well with no abdominal pain or discomfort.
Case # 2: Patient continued to do well clinically 12 weeks post operation. Follow-up upper endoscopy was performed to determine the etiology of the obstruction but due to a sharp angulation, the gastroscope could not be advanced through the AXIOS stent. As such, we advanced an adult Olympus 1T gastroscope down to the site of the AXIOS stent and then utilized the Spyglass DS system to advanced deep into the afferent limb to the level of the stricture and took multiple biopsies for diagnostic purposes.

Conclusions
Interventional endoscopic management of afferent limb syndrome has been evolving in the past few years with EUS guided LAMS gastrojejunostomy becoming a well stablished modality. We have demonstrated this technique with subsequent endoscopic anterograde assessment. In one of these cases, this anterograde assessment was performed using the cholangioscope in conjunction with the gastroscope to overcome unfavorable angulated anatomy which to our knowledge has not been described in the literature previously.

Funding Agencies
None
A130 LONGITUDINAL GROWTH OF PREESCHOOLERS WITH EOSINOPHILIC ESOPHAGITIS
Authors: Carrión-Jaramillo E , Vurzinger M , Avinashi V 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an immune-mediated condition involving eosinophils infiltrating the esophagus. While adults predominantly present with dysphagia, infants and preschoolers can present with vomiting, poor solid food progression, and oral aversion. Growth is a concern at diagnosis as well as in follow-up based on poor intake, prescribed food elimination, and the potential impact of swallowed steroids.

Aims
Assess baseline anthropometric measurements in preescholers with EoE and evaluate their growth parameters in follow up.

Methods
A retrospective chart review of patients with EoE at BC Children’s Hospital from 2007–21. Inclusion criteria were patients diagnosed before 5 years, with &gt; 2 anthropometrics measurements. Variables included weight, height, BMI, and Z-scores (CDC &gt;2 years; WHO &lt;2 years). The change in Z-scores were calculated between the first registered clinical visit after diagnosis and the most recent growth parameters available. Statistical difference between Z-scores for height and BMI was determined with a paired t-test. Differences in growth according to treatment used one way t-test.

Results
There were 44 patients included. Mean age of diagnosis was 3 years, 82% were male. The average follow up time was 4.9 years (0.5–12.2 years). At baseline, 1 patient was severely malnourished (Z&lt;-3) and 1 was moderately malnourished based on BMI (Z&lt;-2). At follow-up there were 2 patients with moderate malnutrition. The change in BMI Z-scores over time was relatively neutral -0.05±1.3SD but there were 3 patients with a decline in Z-score more than 2, a different way to represent malnutrition.
Stunting was more common at baseline with 3 patients having severe stunting (Z&lt;-3), and 5 having moderate stunting (Z&lt;-2). At follow-up 1 patient had severe stunting BMI (Z&lt;-3), and 1 had moderate stunting (Z&lt;-2). The change in height Z-scores was net +0.41±1.21SD.
Last reported treatments included 45.5% on steroids, 18.2% on elimination diet, 11.4% on steroid/diet, 4.5% on PPI, 4.5% on PPI/diet and 15.9% no treatment. There were no significant differences in BMI Z-scores or height Z-scores according to treatment.

Conclusions
Among those diagnosed with EoE at less than 5 years of age, BMI was stable from diagnosis through follow up and reflected the general population. Stunting was observed in as many as 1/5 of patients at diagnosis but did show improvement in follow up. Further analysis would benefit from a larger sample, further treatment details and correlation with esophageal inflammation.

Funding Agencies
None