bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progression patterns in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and multiple myeloma outcome: a cohort study in 42 patients
Authors: Tahiru Widad , Izarra Santamaria Antonio , Hultdin Johan , Wu Wendy Yi-Ying , Späth Florentin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFollow-up of low-risk monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is debated as multiple myeloma (MM) progression risk is low. Worse MM outcome was reported for patients followed for low-risk MGUS, possibly due to less optimal follow-up. However, it is unknown whether progressing low-risk MGUS is associated with aggressive tumor behavior. Understanding these patterns is crucial for MGUS management. Here, we investigated whether progression from low-risk MGUS is associated with worse MM outcome in patients who had no MGUS follow-up before myeloma diagnosis. We retrospectively determined the MGUS status in repeated pre-diagnostic blood samples prospectively collected from 42 myeloma patients in median 11.6 years (first sample) and 3.3 years (repeated sample) before myeloma diagnosis. At first pre-diagnostic blood draw, 12 had low-risk (defined by an immunoglobulin [Ig] G monoclonal [M] spike < 15 g/L and a normal free light-chain ratio) and 30 had MGUS of other risk. MM bone disease was more common in patients with low-risk MGUS at first blood draw (67% vs. 30%, P = 0.041). Median survival since myeloma diagnosis was worse in low-risk than other MGUS at first blood draw (2.3 vs. 7.5 years, P = 0.004). Modest progression was observed between first and repeated blood draw for the majority of low-risk MGUS as 67% remained as low- or low-intermediate-risk MGUS at repeated blood draw. Our study, albeit limited by its small size, indicates that progression from low-risk MGUS is associated with worse MM outcome regardless of MGUS follow-up. Although further investigation is needed, progressing low-risk MGUS could belong to a group of aggressive tumors with progression that is difficult to predict.
HOXA13 promotes gastric cancer progression partially via the FN1-mediated FAK/Src axis
Authors: Qin Zhiwei , Zhou Chongzhi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers causing a poor prognosis worldwide. HOXA13, as a member of the homeobox (HOX) family, is involved in the regulation of cancer progression and has attracted increasing attention, as a potential novel target for anticancer strategies. However, the significance of HOXA13 in GC remains unclear. This article aims to explore the potential mechanism of HOXA13 in GC progression.

Methods
Quantitative real-time PCR was carried out to detect the expression of HOXA13 and FN1 and the correlation between HOXA13 and FN1 in GC tissues. In vitro assays were conducted to investigate the role of HOXA13 and FN1 in the malignant phenotypes of GC cells and the function of HOXA13 in the activation of the FAK/Src axis in GC cells. Coimmunoprecipitation was performed to reveal the relationship between ITGA5, ITGB1 and FN1 in GC cells. A dual luciferase assay was performed to assess miR-449a-targeted regulation of HOXA13 expression.

Results
Quantitative real-time PCR verified that HOXA13 was elevated and positively correlated with FN1 in GC. In vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that high expression of HOXA13 promoted GC progression, especially metastasis. Mechanistically, rescue experiments, chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual luciferase assays revealed that HOXA13 directly bound to the FN1 promoter region to enhance the activation of the FAK/Src axis, leading to GC cell proliferation and metastasis. Furthermore, the result of a dual luciferase assay suggested that HOXA13 was directly targeted by miR-449a.

Conclusions
Our results show that HOXA13 is a positive regulator of the FAK/Src axis mediated by FN1 in GC and promotes GC progression. Thus, targeting HOXA13, together with FN1, may provide a novel prospective anticancer strategy.
Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the accumulation of secondary metabolites in roots and reproductive organs of Solanum nigrum, Digitaria sanguinalis and Ipomoea purpurea
Authors: Rashidi Sakineh , Yousefi Ali Reza , Pouryousef Majid , Goicoechea Nieves 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can induce the synthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites in the tissues of host plants, thus impacting their allelopathic potential.Materials and methodsThe objective of this study was to determine the effect of three AMF species (Rhizoglomus intraradices, Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizoglomus fasciculatum) on photosynthetic pigments and secondary metabolites content in roots and reproductive organs ofIpomoea purpureaL.,Digitaria sanguinalisL., andSolanum nigrumL. as a problematic weed species.ResultsAmong compared weeds, the roots ofD. sanguinalisassociated with AMF accumulated the highest level of phenols. Higher content of flavonoids was obtained in roots ofS. nigrum (7.46 mg g−1FW)following colonization withR. intraradices.Berries ofS. nigruminoculated withR. intraradiceshad a higher concentration of terpenoids (21.45 mg 100 mL−1of extract) than reproductive organs ofD. sanguinalisandI. purpurea.Colonization withR. intraradicesimproved total phenolics in seeds ofD. sanguinaliscompared to the reproductive organs of other weeds. These compounds released from seeds help defend against pathogen infection, consequently increasing seed production. In addition, phenylalanine ammonia lyase enzyme activity in leaves ofD. sanguinaliscolonized byR. fasciculatumandF. mosseaewas 55% and 67%, respectively, higher thanI. purpureaplants, grown in the same condition.ConclusionsResults suggest that AMF can play a crucial role in enhancing of secondary metabolites in these three weeds, thereby improving their allelopathic potential and competitive ability.Graphic Abstract
Identifying potential barriers and solutions to patient partner compensation (payment) in research
Authors: Richards Dawn P. , Cobey Kelly D. , Proulx Laurie , Dawson Shoba , de Wit Maarten , Toupin-April Karine 
Published: February 2022

AbstractResearch that engages patients on the research team is often supported by grant funding from different organizations and, in some cases, principal investigators (who control the grant funding) provide patient partners with compensation (or payment) for their contributions. However, we have noted a gap in resources that identify and address barriers to compensating patient partners (no matter the size, degree or length of their engagement). In this paper, we present thoughts and experiences related to barriers to compensating patient partners with the goal of helping individuals identify and find solutions to these obstacles. Based on our experiences as individuals who live with chronic conditions and are patient partners, and those who are researchers who engage patient partners, we have identified eight barriers to compensating patient partners. We discuss each of these barriers: lack of awareness about patient partnership, institutional inflexibility, policy guidance from funders, compensation not prioritized in research budgets, leadership hesitancy to create a new system, culture of research teams, preconceived beliefs about the skills and abilities of patient partners, and expectations placed on patient partners. We demonstrate these barriers with real life examples and we offer some solutions. To further demonstrate these barriers, we ask readers to reflect on some scenarios that present realistic parallel situations to those that patient partners face. The intention is to illustrate, through empathy or putting yourself in someone else’s shoes, how we might all do better with respect to institutional barriers related to patient partner compensation. Last, we issue a call to action to share resources and identify actions to overcome these barriers from which we will create an online resource repository.
CHA2DS2 VASc score and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation as predictors for no-reflow phenomenon in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Rashed Mohamed Ismail , Saleh Mohamed Ayman , Elfekky Ehab Mohamed , Elmahmoudy Ahmed Mohamed 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Following primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), no-reflow is associated with a high rate of long-term unfavorable clinical outcomes. Despite the importance of early no-reflow prediction in cardiovascular medicine, noninvasive assessment is lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the preprocedural CHA2DS2 VASc score and the brachial artery flow-mediated dilation percentage (FMD%) as predictors of the no-reflow phenomenon in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary PCI.

Results
This study included 150 patients who presented with acute STEMI, underwent primary PCI, and were divided into two groups according to the flow result, reflow group and a no-reflow group. The CHA2DS2 VASc score was calculated and evaluation of endothelial function by measuring the brachial artery FDM% was done for each patient before the procedure. There were 39 (26%) patients in the no-reflow group and 111 (74%) in the reflow group. The no-reflow patients were older and had significantly higher body mass index (BMI), higher frequency of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, history of heart failure, dyslipidemia, Killip class IV on admission, thrombus grade V, multiple affected vessels, conventional stenting, and multiple stents placement, longer ischemic times, higher CHA2DS VASc score, and lower brachial artery FMD% (p-values of < 0.05 for all). Moreover, there was a significant negative correlation between CHA2DS VAS score and preprocedural FMD%, with the higher the score indicating lower FMD among cases (p-value = 0.000).

Conclusions
Preprocedural CHA2DS2 VASc score and the brachial artery FMD can be used as predictors for the no-reflow phenomenon in patients with STEMI, undergoing primary PCI.
Role of ultrasound and Doppler findings as a predictor of thyroid hormonal levels in cases of Hashimoto thyroiditis
Authors: Mahmoud Rasha , Azeem Khaled Mohammed , Sayed Ahmed Safaa Ahmed , Ali Faten Mohamed 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis or Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is a common form of organ specific autoimmune disease mediated by anti-thyroid autoantibodies. Ultrasound including Doppler is helpful diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. This study aimed to evaluate the ultrasound and Doppler characters of Hashimoto thyroiditis and to analyze the relationship between these ultrasound, Doppler features and thyroid hormones level.

Results
Thyroid gland sonographic parenchymal abnormalities (septations, undulation, micronodularity, gland hyper vascularity, hypoechogenicity, sizable nodules as well as enlarged para-tracheal lymph nodes) were significantly higher in Hashimoto cases compared to control group (P value is < 0.001). Undulation of thyroid gland margin was the most sensitive sonographic sign seen in about 72% of studied cases. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level was significantly high in cases with grade 2 echogenicity compared to cases with grade 0 and grade 1 echogenicity and was significantly high in cases with para-tracheal abnormal enlarged lymph nodes (p < 0.05). TSH & thyroxine (T4) levels were significantly high in cases with high gland vascularity in Doppler study (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Ultrasound is a very good diagnostic tool in HT with established signs. It can suggest hypothyroidism (high TSH) in cases of grade 2 parenchymal echogenicity, high vascularity and para-tracheal lymph nodes enlargement. These finding could be helpful in patient management and can contribute in better understanding the disease progression.
Effectiveness of mometasone furoate nasal spray on tympanometric results and hearing loss in children with otitis media with effusion
Authors: Ahmed Mohamed Rifaat , Eldeeb Wael Elshahat 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Otitis media with effusion (OME) is one of the commonest causes of hearing loss in children. Oral and nasal topical steroids alone or combined with antibiotics lead to its quicker resolution. The aim of this study was the assessment of the efficacy of mometasone furoate nasal spray in conjunction with oral antibiotics for management of OME in children. One hundred sixty-eight children aged (4–12 years old) diagnosed with bilateral OME for at least 3 months were randomly allocated into two equal groups: the 1st group received mometasone furoate aqueous nasal spray plus oral amoxicillin–clavulanate for 4 weeks, and the 2nd group received amoxicillin–clavulanate alone for the same period.

Results
The tympanometric results after 1 month of medical treatment was much better in the 1st group compared to the 2nd group with 60% of patients of the 1st group having type A tympanogram versus 16% of patients of the 2nd group having this type (p = 0.0001). However, the average air-bone gap was not statistically different between the two groups.

Conclusion
Mometasone furoate nasal spray is effective in OME as adjunctive treatment when combined with antibiotics as it helps to normalize the Eustachian tube function and middle ear status.
Minority Enrollment in Phase II and III Clinical Trials in Urologic Oncology
Authors: Owens-Walton Jeunice , Williams Cheyenne , Rompré-Brodeur Alexis , Pinto Peter A. , Ball Mark W. 
Published: February 2022

PURPOSE Proportionate minority representation in clinical trials is an important step toward addressing health care inequities. Given the paucity of data on this topic in urologic oncology, we sought to quantify the enrollment of minority patients in clinical trials studying prostate, kidney, and bladder/urothelial cancers. METHODS The ClincialTrials.gov database was queried for completed phase II and III interventional trials in prostate, kidney, and bladder cancers. The SEER database was used to calculate the US prevalence of these genitourinary cancers. Representation quotients (RQ) were calculated to describe the relative proportion of each racial/ethnic group enrolled in clinical trials over the proportion of persons from each group among national cancer cases by cancer type. RESULTS Of 341 trials that met initial eligibility criteria, only 169 (49.7%) reported data on race or ethnicity. Aggregate RQs from 2000 to 2017 showed that White patients were continually over-represented in trials for all cancer types. Black and Asian patients were poorly represented across all cancer types. When stratified by 3-year increments, the RQs remained stable for all races, from 2000 to 2017. When stratified by ethnicity, Hispanic patients were under-represented across all cancer types in the study period. When examining representation by funding source, we found that US government–funded clinical trials proportionally enroll the most diverse patient populations over those funded by academic institutions and industry. Interestingly, more than 50% of the trials examined did not report race nor ethnicity, highlighting a crucial flaw in investigator compliance with federal clinical trial mandates. CONCLUSION Clinical trials targeting prostate, kidney, and bladder cancers continue to under-represent racial/ethnic minority patients. On the basis of the incidence of these cancers within minority populations, efforts should focus on creating racially and ethnically inclusive cancer research.
Insulin Pump–related Inpatient Admissions in a National Sample of Youth With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Everett Estelle M , Copeland Timothy P , Moin Tannaz , Wisk Lauren E 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundInsulin pump use in type 1 diabetes management has significantly increased in recent years, but we have few data on its impact on inpatient admissions for acute diabetes complications.MethodsWe used the 2006, 2009, 2012, and 2019 Kids’ Inpatient Database to identify all-cause type 1 diabetes hospital admissions in those with and without documented insulin pump use and insulin pump failure. We described differences in (1) prevalence of acute diabetes complications, (2) severity of illness during hospitalization and disposition after discharge, and (3) length of stay (LOS) and inpatient costs.ResultsWe identified 228 474 all-cause admissions. Insulin pump use was documented in 7% of admissions, of which 20% were due to pump failure. The prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) was 47% in pump nonusers, 39% in pump users, and 60% in those with pump failure. Admissions for hyperglycemia without DKA, hypoglycemia, sepsis, and soft tissue infections were rare and similar across all groups. Admissions with pump failure had a higher proportion of admissions classified as major severity of illness (14.7%) but had the lowest LOS (1.60 days, 95% CI 1.55-1.65) and healthcare costs ($13 078, 95% CI $12 549-$13 608).ConclusionsDespite the increased prevalence of insulin pump in the United States, a minority of pediatric admissions documented insulin pump use, which may represent undercoding. DKA admission rates were lower among insulin pump users compared to pump nonusers. Improved accuracy in coding practices and other approaches to identify insulin pump users in administrative data are needed, as are interventions to mitigate risk for DKA.
A low-sugar diet enhancesDrosophilabody size in males and females via sex-specific mechanisms
Authors: Millington Jason W. , Biswas Puja , Chao Charlotte , Xia Yi Han , Wat Lianna W. , Brownrigg George P. , Sun Ziwei , Basner-Collins Paige J. , Klein Geltink Ramon I. , Rideout Elizabeth J. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTIn Drosophila, changes to dietary protein elicit different body size responses between the sexes. Whether these differential body size effects extend to other macronutrients remains unclear. Here, we show that lowering dietary sugar (0S diet) enhanced body size in male and female larvae. Despite an equivalent phenotypic effect between the sexes, we detected sex-specific changes to signalling pathways, transcription and whole-body glycogen and protein. In males, the low-sugar diet augmented insulin/insulin-like growth factor signalling pathway (IIS) activity by increasing insulin sensitivity, where increased IIS was required for male metabolic and body size responses in 0S. In females reared on low sugar, IIS activity and insulin sensitivity were unaffected, and IIS function did not fully account for metabolic and body size responses. Instead, we identified a female-biased requirement for the Target of rapamycin pathway in regulating metabolic and body size responses. Together, our data suggest the mechanisms underlying the low-sugar-induced increase in body size are not fully shared between the sexes, highlighting the importance of including males and females in larval studies even when similar phenotypic outcomes are observed.
Sex Differences in Diaphragm Voluntary Activation after Exercise
Authors: RAMSOOK ANDREW H. , SCHAEFFER MICHELE R. , MITCHELL REID A. , DHILLON SATVIR S. , MILNE KATHRYN M. , FERGUSON OLIVIA N. , PUYAT JOSEPH H. , KOEHLE MICHAEL S. , SHEEL A. WILLIAM , GUENETTE JORDAN A. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The female diaphragm develops less fatigue after high-intensity exercise compared with males. Diaphragm fatigability is typically defined as a decrease in transdiaphragmatic twitch pressure (P
di,TW) and represents the contractile function of the muscle. However, it is unclear whether this sex difference persists when examining changes in voluntary activation, which represents a neural mechanism contributing to fatigability.

Purpose
This study aimed to determine if high-intensity cycling results in a decrease in diaphragm voluntary activation (D-VA) and to explore if the decrease in D-VA is different between sexes.

Methods
Twenty-five participants (15 females) completed a single bout of high-intensity constant load cycling. D-VA and P
di,TW were measured before and after exercise using cervical magnetic stimulation of the phrenic nerves to assess diaphragm fatigability.

Results
Participants were of similar aerobic fitness when expressed relative to predicted values (females: 114% ± 25% predicted, males: 111% ± 11% predicted; P = 0.769). P
di,TW decreased relative to baseline to 85.2% ± 16.7% and 70.3% ± 12.4% baseline (P = 0.012) in females and males, respectively, immediately after exercise. D-VA also decreased in both females and males immediately after exercise. The decrease in D-VA was less in females compared with males (95.4% ± 4.9% baseline vs 87.4% ± 10.8% baseline, respectively; P = 0.018).

Conclusions
D-VA decreases after whole-body exercise in both females and males, although the magnitude of the decrease is not as large in females compared with males. The findings of this study suggest that the female diaphragm is more resistant to both contractile and neural mechanisms of fatigability after whole-body exercise.
Impact of preoperative staging with contrast-enhanced mammography for localized breast cancer management
Authors: Montrognon Fanny , Clatot Florian , Berghian Anca , Douvrin Françoise , Quieffin Farzaneh , Defta Diana , Buquet Anaïs , Ferret Martine , Lequesne Justine , Leheurteur Marianne , Fontanilles Maxime , Georgescu Dragos , Callonnec Françoise 
Published: February 2022

Objective:
A precise evaluation of the disease extent is mandatory before surgery for early breast cancer (EBC). Contrast-enhanced mammography (CEDM) is a recent technique that may help define adequate surgery.

Methods:
This retrospective study included consecutive patients referred to a cancer center between November 2016 and July 2017 for biopsy-confirmed invasive EBC management. The primary objective was to evaluate the rate of surgical changes after incorporating the results of the preoperative staging examination, including CEDM.

Results:
A total of 231 patients were screened for inclusion, and 132 patients were included, corresponding to 134 lesions. The first surgical plan was modified for 33 patients (25%), which represented 34 lesions. For 8 patients (6%), the surgery was cancelled in preference for neoadjuvant chemotherapy; for 16 patients (12.1%), the primary tumor procedure was enlarged; and for 23 patients (17.4%) the lymph node management was modified. Surgery was changed only due to the CEDM results for 24 patients (18.5%) and consisted of a more invasive procedure due to a more extended, multifocal or multicentric lesion than seen on the standard imaging. Anatomopathological surgery piece findings were well correlated with contrast-enhanced mammography results. Overall, there was no increase in the delay between the planned date of surgery and the effective surgical procedure (median 0 days).

Conclusion:
CEDM added to preoperative staging helped define better surgical management without increasing delay in the surgical procedure.

Advances in knowledge:
CEDM is a reliable technique that should be considered as part of preoperative staging for EBC.