bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Application of Bi‐Doped TiO2 for the Photocatalytic Oxidation of Formaldehyde
Authors: Sun Yiran , Feng Bowen , Li Qianchen , Tian Chengcheng , Ma Liang , Li Zongzhe 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe photocatalytic oxidation technology has a great potential for the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this research, a novel TiO2/Bi2O3 catalyst is developed to degrade indoor formaldehyde by the photocatalytic oxidation technology. The TiO2/Bi2O3 catalysts with different mass fractions of Bismuth(Bi) are prepared by impregnation method. The characterizations of the TiO2/Bi2O3 catalysts by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectrophotometry, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analyses suggest that the doping of TiO2 with Bi neither changes the crystal structure nor the crystal phase of the TiO2, but increases the number of mesopores on the TiO2/Bi2O3 surface and the specific surface area of the TiO2/Bi2O3. By optimizing such parameters as the flow rate; the concentration; and the relative humidity of formaldehyde, the mass fraction of Bi, and the loading amount of the catalyst, a formaldehyde degradation efficiency as high as 96% is obtained.
Astragaloside IV alleviates oxidative stress‑related damage via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome in a MAPK signaling dependent pathway in human lens epithelial cells
Authors: Xiao Xili , Zheng Yanlin , Mo Ya , Wang Wanjie , Li Xiang , Wang Juan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOxidative stress alters cellular microenvironment, facilitating cell apoptosis and inflammatory response, and oxidation of lens constituents may ultimately result in cataracts. Astragaloside IV (AS‐IV) exhibits a variety of pharmacological activities, such as antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory activity via regulating various signaling pathways. However, the effect of AS‐IV on lens epithelial cells and its potential therapeutic role in cataracts remained to be investigated. In this study, AS‐IV prevented H2O2‐induced injury and inflammatory response in human lens epithelial cell line HLE‐B3 through inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome in a mitogen‐activated protein kinase‐dependent pathway, providing a potential novel therapeutic strategy for cataracts.
Ultrasonic cleaning is effective in removing carbonized clots and tissue from the insulation‐tipped diathermic knife‐2
Authors: Murakami Kei , Hirata Daizen , Haraguchi Kengo , Arai Noriko , Inoue Koji , Miyazaki Yuka , Funase Kimihiro , Nakashige Tadao , Teramoto Akira , Iwatate Mineo , Hattori Santa , Fujita Mikio , Sano Wataru , Sano Yasushi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesSince carbonized clots and tissue (debris) tend to adhere firmly to the tip of the endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) knife as the procedure proceeds, manual removing the firm debris is often challenging and time‐consuming. Recently, effective ultrasonic cleaning for other medical devices has been reported. The aim of the present study was to clarify whether ultrasonic cleaning is effective in removing the debris on the insulation‐tipped diathermic (IT) knife‐2.MethodsThis study was an ex‐vivo experimental randomized study. A total of 40 IT knife‐2 knives with debris on their tip surfaces were prepared and randomly assigned to two groups (Group A and Group B). The knives in Group A were cleaned using the conventional scrubbing method for 30 s (conventional cleaning method), while those in Group B were cleaned using a combined method of scrubbing for 20 s and ultrasonic cleaning for 10 s (combined ultrasonic cleaning method). The tip electrode of the knife after cleaning was photographed under a microscope (40x). The 40 images of the knives were evaluated by independent three endoscopists and two clinical engineers using the five‐step evaluation criteria ranging from cleaning score 1 (dirty) to 5 (clean).ResultsThe mean cleaning score of 3.78 (range: 2.33–4.67) in Group B was significantly higher than that of 1.68 (range: 1.00–2.83) in Group A.ConclusionsThe combined ultrasonic cleaning method could remove debris adhering to the IT knife‐2 more effectively than the conventional cleaning method. Ultrasonic cleaning may be applied for real‐world ESD.
Mechanisms of biodiversity between Campylobacter sequence types in a flock of broiler–breeder chickens
Authors: Rawson Thomas , Colles Frances M. , Terry J. Christopher D. , Bonsall Michael B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCommercial poultry flocks frequently harbor the dangerous bacterial pathogen Campylobacter. As exclusion efforts frequently fail, there is interest in potential ecologically informed solutions. A long‐term study of Campylobacter sequence types was used to investigate the competitive framework of the Campylobacter metacommunity and understand how multiple sequence types simultaneously co‐occur in a flock of chickens. A combination of matrix and patch‐occupancy models was used to estimate parameters describing the competition, transmission, and mortality of each sequence type. It was found that Campylobacter sequence types form a strong hierarchical framework within a flock of chickens and occupied a broad spectrum of transmission–mortality trade‐offs. Upon further investigation of how biodiversity is thus maintained within the flock, it was found that the demographic capabilities of Campylobacter, such as mortality and transmission, could not explain the broad biodiversity of sequence types seen, suggesting that external factors such as host‐bird health and seasonality are important elements in maintaining biodiversity of Campylobacter sequence types.
Habitat occupancy of sloth bear Melursus ursinus in Chitwan National Park, Nepal
Authors: Paudel Rajan Prasad , Kadariya Rabin , Lamichhane Babu Ram , Subedi Naresh , Sashika Mariko , Shimozuru Michito , Tsubota Toshio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMammals have experienced a massive decline in their populations and geographic ranges worldwide. The sloth bear, Melursus ursinus (Shaw, 1791), is one of many species facing conservation threats. Despite being endangered in Nepal, decades of inattention to the situation have hindered their conservation and management. We assessed the distribution and patterns of habitat use by sloth bears in Chitwan National Park (CNP), Nepal. We conducted sign surveys from March to June, 2020, in 4 × 4 km grids (n = 45). We collected detection/non‐detection data along a 4‐km trail that was divided into 20 continuous segments of 200 m each. We obtained environmental, ecological, and anthropogenic covariates to understand determinants of sloth bear habitat occupancy. The data were analyzed using the single‐species single‐season occupancy method, with a spatially correlated detection. Using repeated observations, these models accounted for the imperfect detectability of the species to provide robust estimates of habitat occupancy. The model‐averaged occupancy estimate for the sloth bear was 69% and the detection probability was 0.25. The probability of habitat occupancy by sloth bears increased with the presence of termites and fruits and in rugged, dry, open, undisturbed habitats. Our results indicate that the sloth bear is elusive, functionally unique, and widespread in CNP. Future conservation interventions and action plans aimed at sloth bear management must adequately consider their habitat requirements.
Native forest metacommunity structures in Uruguay shaped by novel land‐use types in their surroundings
Authors: Ramírez Leonardo R. , Säumel Ina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe explore the effect of land‐use change from extensively used grasslands to intensified silvi‐ and agricultural monocultures on metacommunity structure of native forests in Uruguay. We integrated methods from metacommunity studies, remote sensing, and landscape ecology to explore how woody species distribution was influenced by land‐use change from local to regional scale. We recorded richness and composition of adult and juvenile woody species from 32 native forests, created land‐use maps from satellite image to calculate spatial metrics at landscape, class, and patch levels. We also analyzed the influence of land use pattern, climate, topography, and geographic distance between sites (d) on metacommunity, and created maps to visualize species richness and (dis)similarity between communities across the country. Woody species communities were distributed in a discrete pattern across Uruguay. Precipitation and temperature seasonality shaped species distribution pattern. Species richness and community dissimilarity increased from West to East. Latitude did not influence these patterns. Number of patches, landscape complexity, and interspersion and juxtaposition indexes determine woody species distribution at landscape level. Increasing areas covered by crops and timber plantation reduced species richness and increased community dissimilarity. The spatial metrics of native forest fragments at patch level did not influence metacommunity structure, species richness, and community dissimilarity. In conclusion, Uruguayan native forests display a high range of dissimilarity. Pressure of neighborhood land uses was the predominant factor for species assemblages. Conserving landscape structures that assure connectivity within and among native forest patches is crucial. On sites with rare target species, the creation of alliances between governmental institution and landowner complemented by incentives for biodiversity conservation provides opportunities to advance in species protection focused on those less tolerant to land‐use change.
Metabolic dynamics instruct CD8+ T‐cell differentiation and functions
Authors: Bevilacqua Alessio , Li Zhiyu , Ho Ping‐Chih 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCytotoxic CD8+ T cells are a key element of the adaptative immune system to protect the organism against infections and malignant cells. During their activation and response, T cells undergo different metabolic pathways to support their energetic needs according to their localization and function. However, it has also been recently appreciated that this metabolic reprogramming also directly supports T‐cell lineage differentiation. Accordingly, metabolic deficiencies and prolonged stress exposure can impact T‐cell differentiation and skew them into an exhausted state. Here, we review how metabolism defines CD8+ T‐cell differentiation and function. Moreover, we cover the principal metabolic dysregulation that promotes the exhausted phenotype under tumor or chronic virus conditions. Finally, we summarize recent strategies to reprogram impaired metabolic pathways to promote CD8+ T‐cell effector function and survival.
Simple Preparation of Large Pore Mesoporous Silica Nanospheres and Their Protein Sequestration Ability
Authors: Park Minsun , Kim Ki‐Jung , Huh Seong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA simple and efficient method for the preparation of large pore MSNs is Ca ion‐etching of the as‐prepared mesoporous silica nanospheres (MSNs) containing ammonium‐based organic template. In this facile process, the generation of new large mesopores through the partial collapse of several mesopores and template removal through cation‐exchange occurred simultaneously. We found that CaCl2 could also act as a good etching source. Template‐free cubic phase MSN (cMSN) with large pores could be obtained by treating CaCl2 under mild conditions in high yield. Both surface area and pore volume increased in the order Ca(NO3)2‐treated cMSN<CaCl2‐treated cMSN (Ca‐cMSN)<calcined cMSN, while the pore size increased in the order calcined cMSN<Ca‐cMSN<Ca(NO3)2‐treated cMSN. Compared to the calcined sample, the large pore cMSN (Ca‐cMSN) showed good adsorption capacities for proteins.
Evaluation of adsorptive and photocatalytic degradation properties ofFeWO4/polypyrrole nanocomposite for rose bengal and alizarin red S from liquid phase: Modeling of adsorption isotherms and kinetics data
Authors: Hussain Daud , Siddiqui Mohammad Fuzail , Shirazi Zeenat , Khan Tabrez Alam 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe FeWO4/polypyrrole nanocomposite (FeWO4/PPy NC), prepared by oxidative polymerization of pyrrole monomer with FeWO4NPs, is used for adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of rose bengal and alizarin red S. The characterization of the nanocomposite (NC) is performed by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The performance of FeWO4/PPy NC is appraised under varying conditions of agitation time/solar irradiation time, initial dyes concentration, adsorbent/photocatalyst dose, and initial solution pH. The Langmuir isotherm and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic models best express the equilibrium data. The FeWO4/PPy NC exhibits a maximum saturation capacity of 202.63 mg/g for rose bengal (RB) and 142.80 mg/g for alizarin red S (ARS). The adsorption of both dyes follows liquid film and intraparticle diffusion. Thermodynamic studies demonstrate feasibility, spontaneity, and exothermic essence of the removal process. The NC shows remarkable visible‐light photocatalytic activity at 100–120 min irradiation time, 40 mg/L dyes solution concentration, 0.5 g/L of photocatalyst, and pH 6. Photodegradation reaction obeys first‐order kinetics. The mechanism of adsorption of RB and ARS is governed by electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, van der Waals, and π–π interactions. A good regeneration capacity up to four sorption–desorption cycles, high saturation capacity, and remarkable photodegradation efficiency depicts that FeWO4/PPy NC can be used efficiently for decolorization of RB and ARS in aqueous medium.
Strategies for enhancing cancer chemodynamic therapy performance
Authors: Jana Deblin , Zhao Yanli 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChemodynamic therapy (CDT) has emerged to be a frontrunner amongst reactive oxygen species‐based cancer treatment modalities. CDT utilizes endogenous H2O2 in tumor microenvironment (TME) to produce cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH) via Fenton or Fenton‐like reactions. While possessing advantages such as tumor specificity, no need of external stimuli, and low side effects, practical applications of CDT are still impeded owing to the heterogeneity, complexity, and reductive environment of TME. Over the past couple of years, strategies to enhance CDT for efficient tumor regression are in rapid development in synergy with the growth of nanomedicine. In this review, we initially outline the fundamental understanding of Fenton and Fenton‐like reactions and their relationship with CDT. Subsequently, the development in the design of nanosystems for CDT is highlighted in a general manner. Furthermore, recent advancement of the strategies to augment Fenton reactions in TME for enhanced CDT is discussed in detail. Finally, perspectives toward the future development of CDT for better therapeutic outcome are presented. This review is expected to draw attention for collaborative research on CDT in the best interest of its future clinical applications.
Characterization of volatile compounds in evening primrose oil after γ‐irradiate
Authors: Pan Feng Guang , Chen Xian Mao , Pang Yong , Yang En Qi , Wang Su Yin , Wang Yan Fei , Liu B. Q. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEvening primrose oil (EPO) is rich in linolenic acid, which has important physiological activity and attracted more and more attention. As a cold sterilization technology, irradiation is widely used in food preservation. However, the effect of irradiation on the flavour quality of EPO is unclear. The volatile aroma compounds examined by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), combined with the odour activity value, are used to identify important odours in EPO. Principal component analysis (PCA), cluster heatmap analysis, and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis are used to analyse the data to illustrate the impact of different radiation doses. The results show that the types and composition of volatile substances have changed, among which aldehydes have increased the most. Hexanal, (E,Z)‐2,4‐decadienal, and (E)‐2‐octenal, 1‐octen‐3‐ol were confirmed to play an important role in the formation of the green, fast, oily, and fishy aroma profile of EPO. In addition, the cluster analysis and PCA analysis showed that the flavour of 5 and 10 kGy was similar, but it was different from that of 1 kGy. In general, after the irradiation treatment, the flavour quality of EPO deteriorates, and the content of undesirable flavour substances increases. Additionally, the potential formation pathways and mechanism of volatile compounds were discussed. The research will help us to understand the change of the violate compounds under the γ‐irradiate process.
Probiotic bacteria from 10 different traditional Iranian cheeses: Isolation, characterization, and investigation of probiotic potential
Authors: Afshari Asma , Hashemi Mohammad , Tavassoli Milad , Eraghi Vida , Noori Seyyed Mohammad Ali 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, 10 different traditional Iranian cheeses, which are still consumed by people in rural areas of Iran, were examined to isolate new strains of probiotic bacteria. Isolated bacteria were identified by 16s rRNA gene amplification and subjected to series of in vitro tests to find out their probiotic potential. A total of 2345 colonies were collected and 465 of them were confirmed as lactic acid bacteria (LAB), of which Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, and Lacticaseibacillus casei were the top three isolated bacteria. Among the different species of LAB isolated in this study, Lactip. plantarum was the most isolated species, and seven isolates had the significant criteria for being a probiotic strain than other isolates indicating the most adaptable properties of this species. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum was the most resistant bacteria in the bile resistance test and was also the most durable bacteria in gastrointestinal conditions, for example, acidic environment (pH = 2.5) and trypsin. In contrast, Lacticaseibacillus casei was the most susceptible bacterial strain. Lactobacillus rhamnosus showed the most antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study showed that probiotic strains isolated from local cheeses could be considered as suitable biopreservatives and used as specific starter cultures for the production of functional cheeses.
CRLF2 overexpression defines an immature‐like subgroup which is rescued through restoration of the PRC2 function in T‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Maciel Ana L. T. , Wolch Karolyne , Emerenciano Mariana , Mansur Marcela B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCRLF2 overexpression has been described as a biomarker of poor prognosis in T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL). In the present study, we aimed to unravel the genomic profile underlying CRLF2 overexpression (CRLF2‐high) by analyzing RNA‐seq, WES, and SNP‐array data from 264 T‐ALL patients and five cell lines deposited on the TARGET initiative, Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia and Gene Expression Omnibus. These data allowed us to delineate the genomic landscape of CRLF2‐high in T‐ALL, which was associated with PTEN, JAK3, PHF6, EZH2, and RUNX1 mutations. We also observed an enrichment of CRLF2‐high in early T‐precursor (ETP)‐ALL (23.08% vs. 4.02%, P = 7.579e−06) and a very similar gene upregulation profile between these two entities. The inhibition of BET (iBET) proteins is a strategy previously demonstrated to reverse the gene upregulation pattern of ETP cells through restoration of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) activity. While CRLF2 expression was rescued by using this strategy in LOUCY (untreated vs. iBET P = 0.0095, DMSO vs. iBET P = 0.0286), a classical ETP‐ALL cell line, PRC2 loss was not sufficient to promote CRLF2 upregulation in JURKAT, a more mature T‐ALL cell line. Considering the role of IKZF1 in CRLF2 regulation and in recruitment of PCR2, we evaluated IKZF1 status according to CRLF2‐expression subgroups. We identified that IKZF1 transcripts with intron retention were upregulated in the CRLF2‐high subgroup. Here, we delineated the gene expression profile of CRLF2‐high T‐ALL samples and unraveled the crucial role of PRC2 in CRLF2 regulation in ETP‐ALL.
Three‐dimensional numerical study of heat transfer enhancement by sound waves using mesoscopic and macroscopic approaches
Authors: Benhamou Jaouad , Jami Mohammed 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a three‐dimensional (3D) numerical study of thermal convection and acoustic waves is presented using a hybrid method. This method consists of two computational approaches: the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) with multiple relaxation times for the study of the fluid behavior and the finite difference method (FDM) for the description of the thermal exchange. The two approaches have been validated by studying two benchmark problems reported in the literature. The LBM was validated by simulating the flow induced by a lid‐driven cavity. The FDM was checked by simulating natural convection in a differentially heated cubic cavity filled with air. After this validation, the main focus was on the study of enhancement of the heat transfer in a 3D cavity using a vibrating acoustic source. The numerical study is performed for different values of the wave amplitude, the Rayleigh number (), and the sound source size. It shows that the heat transfer is significantly improved for a low . However, for high values, natural convection cannot be neglected in front of forced convection. The transfer is also influenced by the variation of the source size. This allows obtaining the optimal size corresponding to the maximum heat exchange.
Evolution of consumer bankruptcy in Poland: A chance for a new life for insolvent debtors?
Authors: Maśnicka Monika , Kruczalak‐Jankowska Joanna 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article discusses the issue of the evolution of consumer bankruptcy in Poland which was introduced into Polish law in 2009. The authors explain why the legislator abstained from introducing consumer bankruptcy along with a huge reform of insolvency framework in 2003. They present different approaches of the legislator towards consumer bankruptcy – from a very restrictive one which excluded most consumers from bankruptcy proceedings to a liberal one that allows dishonest debtors to benefit from debt relief. Moreover, the influence of legislation regarding consumer bankruptcy on the effectiveness of insolvency courts is discussed. Each of the approaches caused certain problems in practice. Liberalization of the rules on consumer bankruptcy led to an increasing number of consumer bankruptcy cases which could be barely processed by insolvency courts to the detriment of commercial bankruptcies and restructurings. The authors present the latest change of the law regarding consumer insolvency which – due to its novelty – has not received enough attention yet. They also provide a preliminary assessment of the new rules, which they consider imperfect.