bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic overlap between cortical brain morphometry and frontotemporal dementia risk
Authors: Diaz-Torres Santiago , Ogonowski Natalia , García-Marín Luis M. , Bonham Luke W. , Duran-Aniotz Claudia , Yokoyama Jennifer S. , Rentería Miguel E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) has a complex genetic aetiology, with mutations in several genes associated with different forms of the disease. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the selective vulnerability of the frontal and temporal brain regions remain unknown.
Methods: We leveraged summary-based data from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and performed LD-score regression to estimate pairwise genetic correlations between FTD risk and cortical brain imaging phenotypes. Then, we followed up strongly-correlated brain measures with GWAS-pairwise analyses to isolate specific genomic loci with a shared aetiology between FTD and brain structure. We also performed functional annotation and summary-based-data Mendelian randomisation for eQTL data for genes within the overlapping genomic loci of interest using human peripheral blood and brain tissue. We evaluated the gene expression in mice targeted brain regions to better understand the dynamics of the FTD candidate genes.
Results: Pairwise genetic correlation estimates between FTD and brain morphology measures were high but not statistically significant. We identified five brain regions with a strong genetic correlation (rg > 0.45) with FTD risk. A genomic region in chromosome 17 was aetiologically shared between FTD, the right inferior parietal surface area, and the right medial orbitofrontal cortical thickness. Functional annotation identified eight protein-coding genes and NSF gene expression shared between FTD and variation in the two brain structure phenotypes. Building upon these findings, we show in a mouse model of FTD that cortical NSF expression decreases with age, corresponding closely with the steadily increasing burden of tau pathology in the cortex.
Conclusions: Our results highlight the molecular and genetic overlap between brain morphology and higher risk for FTD, specifically for the right inferior parietal surface area and right medial orbitofrontal cortical thickness. In addition, our findings implicate NSF gene expression in the aetiology of FTD and elucidate how NSF expression changes uniquely contribute to risk for and the pathophysiology of frontotemporal lobar degeneration independent of its association with the MAPT locus.
A Real Time Adaptive Odometric System based on Variable Covariance Sensor Fusion
Authors: Fariña Bibiana , Toledo Jonay , Acosta Leopoldo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a new method to increase odometric sensor accuracy by systematic and non-systematic errors processing. Mobile robot localization is improved combining this technique with a filter that fuses the information from several sensors characterized by their covariance. The process focuses on calculating the odometric speed difference respect to the filter to implement an error type detection module in real time. The correction of systematic errors consists in an online parameter adjustment using the previous information and conditioned by the filter accuracy. This data is also applied to design a variable odometric covariance which describes the sensor reliability and determines the influence of both errors on the robot localization. The method is implemented in a low-cost autonomous wheelchair with a LIDAR, IMU and encoders fused by an UKF algorithm. The experimental results prove that the estimated poses are closer to the real ones than using other well-known previous methods.
Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis is a protective factor for lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma: a propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Yu Jian , Li Xiaoyang , He Zhijian , He Jie , Rao Shangrui 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Several previous studies have been investigated the relationship between chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT) and lymph node (LN) metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, effect of CLT for lymph node metastasis in PTC remains controversial. In order to explain the relationship between CLT and lymph node metastasis more convincingly, we aimed to retrospectively reviewed clinical data to investigate the correlation between CLT and lymph node metastasis in PTC by propensity score matching.
Methods: We retrospectively collected the data of PTC patients in Wenzhou Central Hospital from 1 Jan 2018 to 31 March 2022. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the with or without CLT. A propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was used to compare the clinicopathological differences between groups. Logistic regression analysis was performed to quantify the association between CLT and LN metastasis.
Results: A total of 773 PTC patients were collected and analyzed, and 213 had coexistent CLT. The prevalence of LN metastasis (34.3% vs 44.8%, p=0.008) and the metastatic LN ratio was significantly less (0.12±0.22 VS 0.19±0.30, p=0.001) and the dissected LN number was significantly more (9.39±7.39 VS 6.36±6.34, p＜0.001) in patients with CLT before PSM. Finally, 208 matched pairs were successfully matched by PSM. The prevalence of LN metastasis between two groups remained show a significantly difference after PSM(35.0% vs 44.7%, p=0.045). The metastatic LN ratio was significantly less (0.12±0.22 VS 0.19±0.29, p=0.007) and the dissected LN number was significantly more (9.35±7.43 VS 6.03±5.48, p＜0.001) in patients with CLT after PSM just like that before PSM. In addition, multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that CLT was a protective factor of LN metastasis in both the unmatched patients(OR, 0.63; 95% CI: 0.44 to 0.91; P=0.014) and the matched subset (OR, 0.62; 95% CI: 0.40 to 0.96; P=0.032).
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that CLT may protect against LN metastasis in patients with PTC. Patients with PTC with coexistence CLT have fewer lymph node metastasis, more lymph node dissection, and a smaller metastatic LN ratio.
Emergent oscillations during cellular directional decision-making on junctions
Authors: Ron Jonathan E. , Cresanti Michele , Kux Johan-Moritz , Liu Jiayi , Al-Dam Nabil , Monzo Pascale , Gauthier Nils C. , Saez Pablo J. , Gov Nir 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Motile cells inside living tissues often encounter junctions, where their path branches into several alternative directions of migration. We present a theoretical model of cellular polarization for cells migrating along one-dimensional lines, arriving at a symmetric Y-junction and extending protrusions along the different paths that emanate from the junction. The model predicts the spontaneous emergence of deterministic oscillations between competing protrusions, whereby the cellular polarization and growth alternates between the competing protrusions. The oscillations are modified by cellular noise, but remain as a dominant feature which affects the time it takes the cell to migrate across the junction. These predicted oscillations in the cellular polarization during the directional decision making process at the junction are found experimentally for two different cell types, noncancerous endothelial and cancerous glioma cells, migrating on patterned network of thin adhesive lanes with junctions.
Group a Streptococcal Disease in Paediatric Inpatients: a European Perspective
Authors: Boeddha Navin P. , Atkins Lucy , De Groot Ronald , Driessen Gertjan , Hazelzet Jan , Zenz Werner , Carrol Enitan D. , Anderson Suzanne T. , Martinon-Torres Federico , Agyeman Philipp , Galassini Rachel , Herberg Jethro , Levin Michael , Schlapbach Luregn J. , Emonts Marieke 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Group A streptococcal (GAS) disease shows increasing incidence worldwide. We characterised children admitted with GAS infection to European hospitals and studied risk factors for severity and disability.
Methods: Prospective, multicenter, cohort study (embedded in EUCLIDS and the Swiss Pediatric Sepsis Study) including 320 children, aged 1 month to 18 years, admitted with GAS infection to 41 hospitals in 6 European countries from 2012-2016. Demographic, clinical, microbiological and outcome data were collected.
Results: 195 (61%) patients had sepsis. 236 (74%) patients had GAS detected from a normally sterile site. The most common infection sites were the lower respiratory tract (LRTI) (22%), skin and soft tissue (SSTI) (23%), and bone and joint (19%). Compared to patients not admitted to PICU, patients admitted to PICU: more commonly had LRTI (39 vs 8%), infection without a focus (22 vs 8%) and intracranial infection (9 vs 3%), less commonly had SSTI and bone and joint infections (p<0.001), and were younger (median 40 (IQR 21-83) vs 56 (IQR 36-85) months, p=0.01). Six PICU patients (2%) died. Sequelae at discharge from hospital were largely limited to patients admitted to PICU (29 vs 3%, p<0·001; 12% overall) and included neurodisability, amputation, skin grafts, hearing loss and need for surgery. More patients were recruited in winter and spring (p<0.001).
Conclusions: In an era of observed marked reduction in vaccine-preventable infections, GAS infection requiring hospital admission is still associated with significant severe disease in younger children, and short and long term morbidity. Further advances are required in the prevention and early recognition of GAS disease.
Direct determination of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline in rice by ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Peng Jinfeng , Zhu Yin , Lin Fang , Qi Tianlong , Yang Yang , Hu Yawei , Li Tao , Zhao Hong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we present a novel direct detection method for the characteristic fragrant component 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) in rice by using ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction (UASE) coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS-MS). No tedious derivatization procedures and toxic solvents were involved in the sample preparation process. 2-AP was extracted with ethanol by UASE from rice samples, and remained good stability within 27 hours. By direct injection to UPLC-MS-MS, accurate results were obtained through matrix matched internal standard calibration. Under optimized conditions, good repeatability (2.8%), reproducibility (7.6%), and recoveries (85.3–108%) were achieved with the limit of detection down to 0.15 µg/kg. The results of 2-AP in 13 rice samples determined by the present method were in the range of 19.4–124.0 µg/kg. The sensitivity and reliability of the developed UASE UPLC-MS-MS method are comparable with previously published SPME GC-MS-MS methods or derivatization based HPLC-MS-MS method. High analysis throughput, low laboriousness, excellent accuracies, and low toxic solvent consumption are the main characteristics of the newly presented method.
Soliton propagation with cross-phase modulation and its Modulation Instability in a Nonlinear Chiral Fiber
Authors: Junqing Li , Gelmecha Demissie 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we present the stable evolution and instability of left- and right-handed circularly polarized (LCP and RCP) components through single core nonlinear chiral fiber. Considering Maxwell’s equations, and Post’s constitutive relations we derive generalized coupled chiral nonlinear Schrödinger equations (CCNLSEs) which govern the evolution of LCP and RCP components. Simulations are based on split-step Fourier method and numerical results reveal the role of GVD and nonlinearity with cooperation to chirality playing in the formation of solitons for LCP and RCP components. The stable evolution of solitons with weak chirality and coupling is discussed. Finally, we have investigated modulation instability (MI) in nonlinear chiral fiber starting from CCNLSEs. Based on theoretical models and numerical simulations, the difference on the modulation instability gain spectrum in LCP and RCP components through chiral fiber is analyzed. We have included loss and chirality into account in our analysis and found that loss distorts the sidebands of the MI gain spectrum while chirality modulates the gain for LCP and RCP components, in fact, differently.
Oral Absorption, Distribution and Excretion of Selenium-Enriched Peptides from Cardamine violifolia in Miniature Bama pigs
Authors: Hu Xiaoyu , Qu Wen , Fu Shaohua , Li Yanmei , Cong Xin , Zhang Yue , Shi Aihua , Guo Huailan , Fan Bolin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the absorption, distribution, excretion of Selenium-enriched peptides(SeP) in miniature Bama pigs via oral route. Two different dosage groups of SeP was designed given 0.2 and 0.02 mg selenium per kilogram body weight respectively, and one control group was set given basic diet. A single administration of SeP was finished following with 2 weeks washout period and then a 7-day repeated administration of SeP was given. The concentrations of Se in plasma, tissues, urine and feces were measured by ICP-MS/MS, the activity of Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and content of selenium protein (SelP) in plasma were determined by ELISA Kit. Toxicokinetic parameters were calculated by fitting data with metabolic dynamics model using WinNonlin (6.3) software. Selenium from SeP was absorbed to plasma to maximum concentration with hours, mostly accumulated in the liver and kidney and mostly excreted by the gastrointestinal tract than by urine. Compared with control group, GSH-PX activity in SeP groups increased significantly after single or repeated administration, but no significant change were observed in SelP content, biochemical or hematological parameters.
Effects of biochar feedstock type and rate on soil properties, soybean nodulation and nitrogen fixation
Authors: Zeka Mirriam , Njira Keston O. W. , Bailey Liz , Chimungu Joseph G. , Ligowe Ivy S. , Nalivata Patson C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Restricted nutrient availability in the soil directly limits vital processes like biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in legumes. Biochar is reported to have some positive effects on soil properties and nutrient availability. However, its feedstock type and application rate affect its performance. This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of different biochar application rates (equivalents of 0, 5, 10, and 15 tonnes ha-1) and locally available feedstock types (maize core and groundnut shell), on soil properties, nodulation and nitrogen fixation in a greenhouse experiment using a split-plot randomised design, with three replicates. Biochar improved (p < 0.05), cation exchange capacity (CEC), total zinc (Zn) and potassium (K). At 15 tonnes ha-1, groundnut shell biochar significantly (p < 0.05) increased the amount of N2 fixed by 22% as compared to maize cores biochar. Biochar application rate significantly affected nodule numbers, dry weight and effectiveness (assessed based on nodule colour). Groundnut shell biochar significantly increased (p < 0.05) nodule dry weight when compared to maize core biochar by 21.1% which implied that both rate and type of biochar are important factors in soybean nodulation. Both groundnut shell and maize core biochar amendments positively enhance soil properties and N2 fixation in soybean, and hence are good amendments to be considered for sustained soil health with implications on crop productivity.
Xpert MTB_RIF assay for the differential diagnosis between sarcoidosis and tuberculosis intrathoracic lymphadenopathy
Authors: He Xian , Zhang Yuan , Zhou Ying , Li Li , Li Qiuhong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
It is difficulty in differentiating sarcoidosis and tuberculosis intrathoracic lymphadenopathy. 119 patients who were suspected as sarcoidosis or tuberculosis intrathoracic lymphadenopathy at the Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital between 1 October 2020 and 30 June 2021 were enrolled in this study. All patients received EBUS-TBNA and Xpert analysis. The differences of clinical and radiological features were analyzed. Diagnostic performances of EBUS-TBNA Xpert, AFB, culture and serum QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT) were analyzed in differentiating SAIL from TBIL. Of these patients, 83 patients were finally diagnosed as 50 sarcoidosis intrathoracic lymphadenopathy and 33 tuberculosis intrathoracic lymphadenopathy. Young persons were more likely to have tuberculosis than sarcoidosis (P = 0.006). Markers of inflammation including fever, leukocyte and serum ferritin were significantly higher in tuberculosis than in sarcoidosis (P < 0.01). Bilateral lungs involved, symmetry intrathoracic lymphadenopathy and the longest diameter of intrathoracic lymphadenopathy (CM) were significantly higher in sarcoidosis, but significantly shorter of the largest diameter of lung lesions (P < 0.01). The sensitivity, specificity of Xpert and QFT in differentiating the sarocidosis and tuberculosis were 69.70%, 100% and 96.43%, 91.84% respectively. The area under the ROC curve of QFT was 0.973 (95% CI, 0.938-1.000) in differentiating the two diseases. tuberculosis patients were more likely to have infection characterizations than sarcoidosis. EBUS Xpert is recommended for the diagnosis of tuberculosis intrathoracic lymphadenopathy and QFT for excluding the diagnosis of tuberculosis compared with sarcoidosis.
Allelopathic Effects of Oldeania alpina (K. Schum.) Leaves Aqueous Extract on Seed Germination and Initial Seedling Growth of two selected crops
Authors: Mamude Chala , Asfaw Zebene 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the allelopathic effects of Oldeania alpina leaves aqueous extract on germination and initial growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) test crops in a laboratory experiment. To this end, different aqueous extract concentrations (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%) were prepared and used to irrigate seeds of test crops. The effect of the extract was tested by placing a set of 50 seeds of barley and wheat separately in six replicates of Petri dishes using a completely randomized design. Besides, four different solvents (hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water) were used to prepare O. alpina leaves extracts and subjected to qualitative analysis of nine selected allelochemical compounds namely; flavonoids, phenols, tannins, terpenoids, steroids, quinones, coumarins, saponin and, anthraquinones. Data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics by SPSS software version 27. The study results showed a significant (p < 0.05) concentrations-based inhibitory effect of O. alpina leaves extract on germination parameters and initial growth of the two tested crops. In addition, it showed the presence of all tested allelochemicals except Anthraquinones in O. alpina leaves extracts. However, further field study would be necessary to evaluate and confirm the findings on a natural soil condition.
Application of deep learning model in the sonographic diagnosis of uterine adenomyosis
Authors: Raimondo Diego , Raffone Antonio , Aru Anna Chiara , Giorgi Matteo , Giaquinto Ilaria , Spagnolo Emanuela , Travaglino Antonio , Galatolo Federico A. , Cimino Mario G. C. A. , Centini Gabriele , Lazzeri Lucia , Mollo Antonio , Seracchioli Renato , Casadio Paolo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of Deep Learning (DL) machine for the detection of adenomyosis on uterine ultrasonographic images and compare it to intermediate ultrasound skilled trainees.
Methods: Prospective observational study conducted between 1st and 30th April 2022. Transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) diagnosis of adenomyosis was investigated by an experienced sonographer on 100 fertile-age patients. Videoclips of the uterine corpus were recorded and sequential ultrasound images were extracted. Intermediate ultrasound skilled trainees and DL machine were asked to make a diagnosis reviewing uterine images. We evaluated and compared the accuracy, sensitivity, positive predictive value, F1- score, specificity and negative predictive value of the DL model and the trainees for adenomyosis diagnosis.
Results: Accuracy of DL and intermediate ultrasound skilled trainees for the diagnosis of adenomyosis were 0.51 (95% CI, 0.48-0.54) and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.60-0.79), respectively. Sensitivity, specificity and F1-score of DL were 0.43 (95% CI, 0.38-0.48), 0.82 (95% CI, 0.79-0.85) and 0.46 (0.42-0.50), whereas intermediate ultrasound skilled trainees had sensitivity of 0.72 (95% CI, 0.52-0.86), specificity of 0.69 (95% CI, 0.58-0.79) and F1-score of 0.55 (95% CI, 0.43-0.66).
Conclusion: In this preliminary study DL model showed a lower accuracy but a higher specificity in diagnosing adenomyosis on ultrasonographic images compared to intermediate skilled trainees.
A Comprehensive Review on Nanomedicine: Promising Approach for
Treatment of Brain Tumor through Intranasal Administration
Authors: Bahadur Shiv , Prakash Anubhav 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:
Brain tumors have become one of the deadliest cancers; however, their treatment is still limited by conventional approaches. Brain tumors, among other CNS diseases, are the most lethal form of cancer due to ineffective diagnosis and profiling. The major limiting factor in treating brain tumors is the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and the required therapeutic concentration is not achieved. Hence, most drugs are prescribed at higher doses, which have several unwanted side effects. Nanotechnology has emerged as an interesting and promising new approach for treating neurological disorders, including brain tumors, with the potential to overcome concerns related to traditional therapeutic approaches. Moreover, biomimetic nanomaterials have been introduced to successfully cross the blood-brain barrier and be consumed by deep skin cancer for imaging brain tumors using multimodal functional nanostructures for more specific and reliable medical assessment. These nanomedicines can address several challenges by enhancing the bioavailability of therapeutics through controlled pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Further nasal drug delivery has been considered as an alternative approach for the brain's targeting for the treatment of several CNS diseases. A drug can be directly delivered to the brain by bypassing the BBB through intranasal administration. This review discusses intranasal nanomedicine-based therapies for brain tumor targeting, which can be explored from different perspectives.