bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Programming Multistable Metamaterials to Discover Latent Functionalities
Authors: Mofatteh Hossein , Shahryari Benyamin , Mirabolghasemi Armin , Seyedkanani Alireza , Shirzadkhani Razieh , Desharnais Gilles , Akbarzadeh Abdolhamid 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUsing multistable mechanical metamaterials to develop deployable structures, electrical devices, and mechanical memories raises two unanswered questions. First, can mechanical instability be programmed to design sensors and memory devices? Second, how can mechanical properties be tuned at the post‐fabrication stage via external stimuli? Answering these questions requires a thorough understanding of the snapping sequences and variations of the elastic energy in multistable metamaterials. The mechanics of deformation sequences and continuous force/energy–displacement curves are comprehensively unveiled here. A 1D array, that is chain, of bistable cells is studied to explore instability‐induced energy release and snapping sequences under one external mechanical stimulus. This method offers an insight into the programmability of multistable chains, which is exploited to fabricate a mechanical sensor/memory with sampling (analog to digital‐A/D) and data reconstruction (digital to analog‐D/A) functionalities operating based on the correlation between the deformation sequence and the mechanical input. The findings offer a new paradigm for developing programmable high‐capacity read–write mechanical memories regardless of thei size scale. Furthermore, exotic mechanical properties can be tuned by harnessing the attained programmability of multistable chains. In this respect, a transversely multistable mechanical metamaterial with tensegrity‐like bistable cells is designed to showcase the tunability of chirality.
Spatial Regulation Control of Oxygen Metabolic Consumption in Mouse Brain
Authors: Zhou Lin , Li Xinru , Su Bin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe mammalian brain relies on significant oxygen metabolic consumption to fulfill energy supply, brain function, and neural activity. In this study, in vivo electrochemistry is combined with physiological and ethological analyses to explore oxygen metabolic consumption in an area of the mouse brain that includes parts of the primary somatosensory cortex, primary motor cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. The oxygen levels at different locations of this boundary section are spatially resolved by measuring the electrical current in vivo using ingeniously designed anti‐biofouling carbon fiber microelectrodes. The characteristics of the current signals are further interpreted by simultaneously recording the physiological responses of the mice. Additionally, ethological tests are performed to validate the correlation between oxygen levels and mouse behavior. It is found that high‐dose caffeine injection can evoke spatial variability in oxygen metabolic consumption between the four neighboring brain regions. It is proposed that the oxygen metabolic consumption in different brain regions is not independent of each other but is subject to spatial regulation control following the rules of “rank of brain region” and “relative distance.” Furthermore, as revealed by in vivo wireless electrochemistry and ethological analysis, mice are at risk of neuronal damage from long‐term intake of high‐dose caffeine.
Light‐Fueled Hydrogel Actuators with Controlled Deformation and Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Chen Pengyu , Ruan Qiushi , Nasseri Rasool , Zhang Hanning , Xi Xufeng , Xia Huan , Xu Gang , Xie Qian , Yi Chengjie , Sun ZhengMing , Shahsavan Hamed , Zhang Wei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHydrogel actuators have shown great promise in underwater robotic applications as they can generate controllable shape transformations upon stimulation due to their ability to absorb and release water reversibly. Herein, a photoresponsive anisotropic hydrogel actuator is developed from poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and gold‐decorated carbon nitride (Au/g‐C3N4) nanoparticles. Carbon nitride nanoparticles endow hydrogel actuators with photocatalytic properties, while their reorientation and mobility driven by the electrical field provide anisotropic properties to the surrounding network. A variety of light‐fueled soft robotic functionalities including controllable and programmable shape‐change, gripping, and locomotion is elicited. A responsive flower‐like photocatalytic reactor is also fabricated, for water splitting, which maximizes its energy‐harvesting efficiency, that is, hydrogen generation rate of 1061.82 µmol g−1 h−1, and the apparent quantum yield of 8.55% at 400 nm, by facing its light‐receiving area adaptively towards the light. The synergy between photoactive and photocatalytic properties of this hydrogel portrays a new perspective for the design of underwater robotic and photocatalytic devices.
Wetting Ridge‐Guided Directional Water Self‐Transport
Authors: Wang Lingxiao , Yin Kai , Deng Qinwen , Huang Qiaoqiao , He Jun , Duan Ji‐An 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDirectional water self‐transport plays a crucial role in diverse applications such as biosensing and water harvesting. Despite extensive progress, current strategies for directional water self‐transport are restricted to a short self‐driving distance, single function, and complicated fabrication methods. Here, a lubricant‐infused heterogeneous superwettability surface (LIHSS) for directional water self‐transport is proposed on polyimide (PI) film through femtosecond laser direct writing and lubricant infusion. By tuning the parameters of the femtosecond laser, the wettability of PI film can be transformed into superhydrophobic or superhydrophilic. After trapping water droplets on the superhydrophilic surface and depositing excess lubricant, the asymmetrical wetting ridge drives water droplets by an attractive capillary force on the LIHSS. Notably, the maximum droplet self‐driving distance can approach ≈3 mm, which is nearly twice as long as the previously reported strategies for direction water self‐transport. Significantly, it is demonstrated that this strategy makes it possible to achieve water self‐transport, anti‐gravity pumping, and chemical microreaction on a tilted LIHSS. This work provides an efficient method to fabricate a promising platform for realizing directional water self‐transport.
Synergistically Enhanced Performance and Reliability of Abrupt Metal‐Oxide Heterojunction Transistor
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Yang Huan , Li Jiye , Zhang Xiaohui , Wang Lei , Xiao Juncheng , Zhao Bin , Zhang Shengdong , Lu Lei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe large‐area low‐temperature processing capability and versatile characteristics of amorphous oxide semiconductor (AOS) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) are highly expected to promote the developments of next‐generation displays, 3D integrated circuit (3DIC), flexible chips, and electronics. However, the abundant native defects in AOSs engrain an inherent trade‐off between high mobility and trustworthy stability in AOS TFTs, fundamentally limiting the performance metrics and integration scale of oxide‐based electronics. To surmount this obstacle, the bilayer AOS channel is highly expected to combine the merits of diversified AOSs, while the efficiency of such an AOS “heterojunction” is debatable. This work systematically compares the TFTs based on amorphous InGaZnO (a‐IGZO), amorphous InZnO (a‐IZO), and a‐IZO/a‐IGZO bilayer. The active cation interaction between metal‐oxide semiconductors gives rise to a mixed AOS layer rather than a heterojunction channel, corresponding to moderate performance metrics. Such a spontaneous cation interdiffusion is effectively prevented using a dense metal‐oxide dielectric interlayer, aluminum oxide (AlOx). The sharpened interface effectively forms an abrupt metal‐oxide heterojunction, while the electron can still tunnel through the ultrathin AlOx to create a quantum well of 2D electron gas (2DEG). The overall performance and reliability of multilayer AOS TFT are synergistically enhanced using the proposed abrupt metal‐oxide heterojunction architecture.
Auxin‐based herbicide program for weed control in auxin resistant soybean
Authors: Amajioyi Joy , Nleya Thandiwe , Reicks Graig , Moriles‐Miller Janet , Clay David , Clay Sharon 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSoybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars resistant to synthetic auxin herbicides have provided another mode of action for the postemergence broadleaf weed control. This field study was conducted at three South Dakota locations [Northeast, NERF; east‐central, ARF; and Southeast, SERF) in 2019 and two locations (ARF and SERF) in 2020. The Enlist E3 and Roundup Ready 2 Xtend cultivars were planted at three dates (early, mid‐, and late season) to examine weed control, agronomic characteristics, nodulation, and yield. Preemergence (PRE) treatment was flumioxazin + metribuzin + S‐metolachlor + glyphosate + pendimethalin. Two postemergence (POST) treatments, based on cultivar, were compared with PRE‐only. The PRE‐only treatment had numerous grasses {including green foxtail [Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv.] and yellow foxtail [S. pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult.], volunteer corn (Zea mays L.), barnyard grass [Echinochola crus‐galli (L.) Beauv.], large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.], woolly cupgrass [Eriochloa villosa (Thunb.) Kunth]} and broadleaf weeds (including redroot pigweed [Amaranthus retroflexus L.], common lambsquarters [Chenopodium album L.], waterhemp [Amaranthus rudis Sauer]) with high density and biomass. POST treatments controlled most of the broadleaf species, although some grasses remained. Yields were similar within a location and year, although differences occurred among planting dates. In 2019, planting date did not influence final yield at ARF (average yield 3,084 kg ha−1). Yield was greatest for the early (NERF) and mid‐planting dates (NERF and SERF) compared with late‐season planting. In 2020, dry conditions occurred, and yields at ARF and SERF were lowest for the late‐season plantings (ranging from 37 to 73% lower depending on cultivar) compared with the early season planting. In 2020, dicamba + glyphosate treatment of the Xtend cultivar had 10% (ARF) and 20% (SERF) greater yield than the acifluorfen + clethodim treatment.
A rare homozygous missense GDF2 (BMP9) mutation causing PAH in siblings: Does BMP10 status contribute?
Authors: Upton Paul , Richards Susan , Bates Angela , Niederhoffer Karen Y. , Morrell Nicholas W. , Christian Susan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease characterized by pathological remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature causing elevated pulmonary artery pressures and ultimately, right ventricular failure from chronic pressure overload. Heterozygous pathogenic GDF2 (encoding bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9)) variants account for some (>1%) adult PAH cases. Only three pediatric PAH cases, harboring homozygous or compound heterozygous variants, are reported to date. Ultra‐rare pathogenic GDF2 variants are reported in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and overlapping disorders characterized by telangiectasias and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Here, we present two siblings with PAH homozygous for a GDF2 mutation that impairs BMP9 proprotein processing and reduces growth factor domain availability. We confirm an absence of measurable plasma BMP9 whereas BMP10 levels are detectable and serum‐dependent endothelial BMP activity is evident. This contrasts with the absence of activity which we reported in two children with homozygous pathogenic GDF2 nonsense variants, one with PAH and one with pulmonary AVMs, both with telangiectasias, suggesting loss of BMP10 and endothelial BMP activity in the latter may precipitate telangiectasia development. An absence of phenotype in related heterozygous GDF2 variant carriers suggests incomplete penetrance in PAH and AVM‐related diseases, indicating that additional somatic and/or genetic modifiers may be necessary for disease precipitation.
Synthesis of Ferrocene−Cyclodextrin, Anthracene−Cyclodextrin, and Pyrene−Cyclodextrin [2]Rotaxane Conjugates and Their Intercomponent Behavior as Observed in NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Tumaneng John Vincent , Matulac Andrea Louise , Reyes Jude , Baldovino Amyel Joseph , Lumba Joseph , Yu Gilbert 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFerrocene, anthracene, and pyrene‐terminated alkynylated moieties were reacted with azidized beta‐cyclodextrin derivatives to form supramolecular structures under various conditions. While initial experiments concerning mono‐azidized beta‐cyclodextrin proved difficult to isolate and have limited solubility, their reaction with peracetylated mono‐azidized beta‐cyclodextrin was more facile. Introduction and threading of the macrocycle, dibenzo‐24‐crown‐8 (DB24C8), allowed for [2]rotaxane synthesis. These compounds were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and mass spectrometry (MS). Among the compounds formed, the ferrocene‐capped species showed promising host‐guest inclusion complexation with the cyclodextrin cavity.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Deaminative Amino‐ and Alkoxycarbonylation of Aryl Trialkylammonium Salts Promoted by Visible Light
Authors: Veatch Alexander M. , Liu Shubin , Alexanian Erik J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCatalytic carbonylations of aryl electrophiles via C(sp2)−N cleavage remains a significant challenge. Herein, we demonstrate an aminocarbonylation of aniline‐derived trialkylammonium salts promoted by visible light with a simple cobalt catalyst. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions suitable for late‐stage functionalization and is amenable to telescoped carbonylations directly from anilines. A range of alkylamines are successful partners, and alkoxycarbonylation is also demonstrated. Mechanistic studies and DFT calculations support a novel mechanism for catalytic carbonylations of aryl electrophiles involving a key visible light‐induced carbonyl photodissociation.
A Facile Structural Isomerization‐Induced 3D Spatial D‐A Interlocked Network for Achieving NIR‐II Phototheranostic Agents
Authors: Feng Lina , Li Chunbin , Liu Lingxiu , Chen Xin , Jiang Guoyu , Wang Jianguo , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe performances of second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) organic phototheranostic agents (OPTAs) depend on both molecular structure and molecular packing when used as nanoparticles (NPs). Herein, we proposed a facile structural isomerization‐induced 3D spatial donor (D)‐acceptor (A) interlocked network for achieving NIR‐II OPTAs. Two isomers, 4MNVDPP and 6MNVDPP were synthesized and formulated into NPs. 6MNVDPP, which has a larger electrostatic potential difference, exhibits a compact 3D spatial D‐A interlocked network in the crystal form, while 4MNVDPP forms 2D D‐D type J‐aggregates. Thus, 6MNVDPP NPs show red‐shifted NIR absorption and larger molar extinction coefficient than 4MNVDPP NPs. Thanks to the typical NIR‐II emission, superior photothermal‐stability, high photothermal conversion efficiency (89 %) and reactive oxygen species production capacity, 6MNVDPP NPs exhibit outstanding NIR‐II tiny capillary vasculature/tumor imaging ability and synergistic photothermal/photodynamic anti‐cancer effect in vivo.
Mesoionic N‐Heterocyclic Imines as Super Nucleophiles in Catalytic Couplings of Amides with CO2
Authors: Das Arpan , Sarkar Pallavi , Maji Subir , Pati Swapan K. , Mandal Swadhin K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAn extended class of stable mesoionic N‐heterocyclic imines (mNHIs), containing a highly polarized exocyclic imine moiety, were synthesized. The calculated proton affinities (PA) and experimentally determined Tolman electronic parameters (TEPs) reveal that these synthesized mNHIs have the highest basicity and donor ability among NHIs reported so far. The superior nucleophilicity of newly designed mNHIs was utilized in devising a strategy to incorporate CO2as a bridging unit under reductive conditions to couple inert primary amides. This strategy was further extended to hetero‐couplings between amide and amine using CO2. These hitherto unknown catalytic transformations were introduced in the diversification of various biologically active drug molecules under metal‐free conditions. The underlying mechanism was explored by performing a series of control experiments, characterizing key intermediates using spectroscopic and crystallographic techniques.
o‐Quinodimethane Atropisomers: Enantioselective Synthesis and Stereospecific Transformation
Authors: Dong Jianyang , Ostertag Andreas , Sparr Christof 
Published: October 2022

Abstracto‐Quinodimethanes have remarkable utility as reactive intermediates in Diels–Alder reactions, enabling significantly accelerated routes to complex polycyclic compounds. The discovery of different discrete precursors to thermally generateo‐quinodimethanes thereby greatly augmented their availability and versatility. However, due to the required high temperatures and the immense reactivity ofo‐quinodimethanes, stereoselectivity to afford isomerically defined products still constitutes a critical challenge. Herein, we describe the accessibility of atropisomerico‐quinodimethanes, the enantioselective synthesis of their precursors, their remarkable configurational stability and the stereospecific transformation by the benzannulation of dienophiles. A catalyst‐stereocontrolled [2+2+2] cycloaddition, the generation ofo‐quinodimethane atropisomers and ensuing stereospecific Diels–Alder reactions enabled enantioselectivities through these transient intermediates with of up to 96 : 4 e.r.
Facile Synthesis of Uranium Complexes with a Pendant Borane Lewis Acid and 1,2‐Insertion of CO into a U−N Bond
Authors: Su Wei , Rajeshkumar Thayalan , Xiang Libo , Maron Laurent , Ye Qing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this contribution, we illustrate uranium complexes bearing a pendant borate (i.e. 1 and 2) or a pendant borane (i.e. 3 and 4) moiety via reaction of the highly strained uranacycle I with various 3‐coordinate boranes. Complexes 3 and 4 represent the first examples of uranium complexes with a pendant borane Lewis acid. Moreover, complex 3 was capable of activation of CO, delivering a new CO activation mode, and an abnormal CO 1,2‐insertion pathway into a U−N bond. The importance of the pendant borane moiety was confirmed by the controlled experiments.
Experimental and computational studies of polycarboxylate dispersant effect on the properties of low‐rank coal water slurries
Authors: Wu Huijun , Lv Dongmei , Nie Yunhao , Jiang Tingao , Li Jing , Gong Shuwen , Yan Hui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe disadvantages of low‐rank coal in the preparation of coal water slurry (CWS) are well known, but the synthesis of suitable dispersants is a promising solution. Polycarboxylate dispersant (PC) is expected to be an efficient CWS dispersant due to its flexible and controllable structure. In this study, a series of binary PC dispersants were synthesized by controlling the ratio of acrylic acid (AA) to sodium styrene sulfonate (SSS), initiator fraction, and temperature, and the optimal PC was selected based on the apparent viscosity of 72# CWS at 100 s−1. The properties of 72# CWS were studied: This CWS exhibited shear‐thinning behavior, >14 static stability, and >55 wt% maximum solid loading, indicating the satisfactory performance of the optimal PC. The experimental results (including adsorption tests and zeta potential measurement) and molecular dynamics simulation showed that PC was effectively adsorbed on the surface of the coal particles by a horizontal multipoint adsorption mode, mainly through the interaction between the hydrophobic groups of the PC molecule and the hydrophobic areas of the coal particles. The hydrophilicity of the coal particles was therefore improved and the stability of their hydration layer was also enhanced, which accounted for the good static stability of 72# CWS. The amount of PC adsorption and the improved absolute zeta potential were associated with the decent properties of 72# CWS. This study is significant for promoting the molecular design of CWS dispersants based on their adsorption behavior.
Synthesis of acid anhydride‐modified flexible epoxy resins and enhancement of impact resistance in the epoxy composites
Authors: Kim Hye Jin , Kim Hyeon‐Gook , Seo Bongkuk , Lim Choong‐Sun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEpoxy resins are key materials used in various applications, including coatings, adhesives, and composites. Tougheners, such as nanoparticles, soft polymers, elastomeric polyurethanes, and core/shell particles, have been widely applied to compensate for the brittleness of the epoxy matrix and to enhance the impact resistance. Modifying epoxy resin by reacting it with a flexible component is one of the representative methods to overcome the weakness of cured epoxy polymers upon impact. For introducing flexible parts, we synthesized three types of epoxy‐modified resins by reacting acid anhydride with glycidol, followed by reaction with bisphenol [F, S, or J] glycidyl ether to produce flexible modified epoxy resins. Mechanical tests, such as flexural strength and impact resistance tests, were performed by adding various amounts of the synthesized resin to the epoxy composites. The results of these tests suggest that the modified resins were effective in improving the toughness of the epoxy matrix.
Multi‐loop networked control system design subject to interchange attack
Authors: Kazemy Ali , Liu Jinrong , Lam James 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper deals with the design problem of multiloop networked control system (NCS) under interchange attack. This is a new type of attack where the transmitted data are swapped between different control loops which can be more destructive than other types of attacks, such as denial‐of‐service (DoS) attack. In this context, multiple sampled‐data control loops are first considered that use a shared communication network for data transmission. Then, the overall closed‐loop systems with the proposed attack are formulated in a unified stochastic delay system. The proposed framework is also applicable to DoS attack. Based on Lyapunov–Krasovskii theory and stochastic analysis techniques, some conditions in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) are derived for the
control design problem. Finally, two inverted pendula are utilized for simulation to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Also, the effects of DoS attack and interchange attack are compared.
Early spring droughts in Central Europe: Indications for atmospheric and oceanic drivers
Authors: Haslinger Klaus , Mayer Konrad 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEarly Springs (ES), March and April in particular, have been extremely dry in Central Europe in recent years, particularly from 2003 onwards. This is causing substantial impacts, foremost to agriculture, which is heavily dependent on sufficient moisture supply at the beginning growing season. However, the drivers of ES droughts are still not well understood. In this article, we investigate the temporal evolution of ES precipitation anomalies for the period 1860–2020 over Central Europe and the driving large‐scale atmospheric circulation conditions. Two periods of ES drought conditions stand out, the most recent period (2005–2020) and another one during the middle of the 20th century (1926–1950) which show sustained negative precipitation anomalies in ES with only a few exceptions. The positive phase of the East Atlantic/Western Russia surface air pressure patterns is found as the main driver of ES precipitation deficit. Further analyses reveals an important role of positive western Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies. These drive a Rossby wave response, resembling the positive phase East Atlantic/Western Russia pattern. Although the given evidence points towards internal multidecadal North Atlantic variability driving the warming patterns, anthropogenic warming from enhanced greenhouse gas emissions cannot be discarded as additional forcing of the recent ES drought period.