bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Anticipated HIV Stigma on Health-related Behaviors, Self-rated Health, and Treatment Preferences Among People Living with HIV in East Asia
Authors: Yu Fei , Hsiao Yu-Hsiang , Park Sejun , Kambara Keita , Allan Brent , Brough Garry , Hwang Ta-Fen , Dang Nathalie , Young Benjamin , Patel Rickesh , Maldonado Andres , Okoli Chinyere 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLong-acting injectable regimens for HIV treatment have been developed which are less frequent, more discreet, and more desirable for some people living with HIV (PLHIV) and may help reduce stigma-related barriers to HIV treatment. However, there is little information on the relationship between reported stigma and preference for these newer treatments. We characterized anticipated, experienced, and internalized HIV stigma and examined the associations with treatment preferences among an international sample of PLHIV. Data came from the international, web-based, cross-sectional study called “Positive Perspectives” conducted among PLHIV aged ≥ 18 years in 25 geographic locations during 2019 (n = 2389). Descriptive analyses were stratified among East Asian (n = 230) vs. non-Asian (n = 2159) participants. Results showed that prevalence of anticipated stigma was significantly higher among East Asian than non-Asian participants (72.2%[166/230] vs. 63.8%[1377/2159], p = 0.011). A significantly higher percentage of East Asian (68.7%[158/230]) than non-Asian participants (43.3%[935/2159] indicated that someone finding their HIV pills would cause them much “stress or anxiety” (p < 0.001). Actions taken by some PLHIV to prevent unwanted disclosure included restricting who they shared their HIV status with, hiding their HIV pills, or even skipping a dose altogether because of privacy concerns. Overall, 50.0%[115/230] East Asian participants believed HIV would reduce their lifespan and 43.0%[99/230] no longer planned for their old age because of HIV. Anticipated stigma was strongly associated with receptivity to non-daily regimens. Concerted efforts to reduce stigma and deliver flexible treatment options that address the unmet treatment needs of PLHIV, including confidentiality concerns, may improve their health-related quality of life.
Pre- and post-simulations of shake-table tests on a stone masonry building aggregate using finite-discrete elements
Authors: AlShawa O. , Liberatore D. , Sorrentino L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis work presents the simulations of the non-linear dynamic response of a three-dimensional finite-discrete element model. The model simulates a half-scale masonry building aggregate tested on a shake table by other Authors. The aggregate is made of two un-connected building units having different heights and slightly different wall thicknesses. The floors are made of timber beams and boards. The modelling approach accounts jointly for in-plane and out-of-plane responses, which can be expected given the high flexibility of the floors, and for the separation between the two building units. The simulations are related both to the blind predictions, according to a scheduled testing sequence, and to the post-dictions according to the actual testing sequence and some model calibrations. The prediction model overestimates displacements, underestimates base shear and fairly predicts the damage pattern of comparable experimental runs. The use of the recorded shake table motion improves the accuracy of the post-diction simulations, while still delivering beam unseating. A higher Young’s modulus of the blocks improves markedly the predictions. The strengthening intervention with steel angles connecting floors to walls is only approximately modelled and does not improve the outcomes of the simulations. In summary, the adopted modelling approach is capable of accounting for the pounding between the two building units, predicting the most significant damage as well as estimating approximate average of peak values of base shear and displacements, while individual time histories are less accurately estimated.
Use a web-app to improve breast cancer risk factors and symptoms knowledge and adherence to healthy diet and physical activity in women without breast cancer diagnosis (Precam project)
Authors: Martín-Payo Rubén , Martínez-Urquijo Andrea , Zabaleta-del-Olmo Edurne , del Mar Fernandez-Alvarez María 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate the preliminary effectiveness of an educational intervention using a web-app to improve knowledge of breast cancer risk factors and symptoms and adherence to healthy eating and physical activity among women without breast cancer diagnosis in Asturias (Spain).

Methods
A pragmatic randomized pilot trial was conducted to evaluate the impact of a web-app-based intervention for women without breast cancer diagnosis. Women in the intervention group participated in a 6-month intervention web-app based on the Behaviour Change Wheel Model. The web-app includes information about breast cancer risk factors, early detection, physical activity and diet.

Results

Two hundred and eighty-fifth women aged 25–50 were invited to join the study. Two hundred and twenty-four were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (IG = 134) or control group (CG = 90) according to their place of residence. Adherence among women in the IG increased significantly from pre- to post-intervention for eight of the 12 healthy behaviors and for the identification of six risk factors and six symptoms compared to women in the CG and, among whom adherence only increased for two behaviors, the identification of one risk factor and 0 symptoms. The intervention significantly improved the mean number of risk factors + 1.06 (p < 0.001) and symptoms + 1.18 (p < 0.001) identified by women in the IG.

Conclusions
The preliminary results of this study suggest that an educational intervention using a web-app and based on the Behaviour Change Wheel model could be useful to improve knowledge of breast cancer risk factors and symptoms and to improve adherence to a healthy diet and physical activity in women without a previous breast cancer diagnosis.
Explanatory Contextualism about Episodic Memory: Towards A Diagnosis of the Causalist-Simulationist Debate
Authors: McCarroll Christopher Jude , Michaelian Kourken , Nanay Bence 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe argue that the causal theory of memory and the simulation theory of memory are not as straightforwardly incompatible as they are usually taken to be. Following a brief review of the theories, we describe alternative normative and descriptive perspectives on memory, arguing that the causal theory aligns better with the normative perspective and the simulation theory with the descriptive perspective. Taking explanatory contextualism about perception as our starting point, we then develop a form of explanatory contextualism about memory, arguing that, depending on the context in which we find ourselves, either the normative perspective or the descriptive perspective may be appropriate. It follows that, while the causal theory and the simulation theory cannot both be right with respect to a given perspective, and while it is necessary to choose one perspective or the other in a given context, there an important sense in which we need not choose between causalism and simulationism. We conclude by differentiating our position from and critiquing a related position developed by Craver (2020) and defending our position against objections.
Adherence of kelp (Saccharina latissima) gametophytes on ropes with different binder treatments and flow regimes
Authors: Visch Wouter , Larsson Ann I. , Åberg Per , Toth Gunilla B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe cultivation of kelp typically involves two stages, where an indoor hatchery phase preceedes the grow-out phase at-sea. The in situ adhesion of microscopic propagules onto specifically designed substrates using binders has been proposed as an alternative to conventional hatchery methods where juvenile seaweeds are cultured on seeded twine, aimed at saving resources while increasing productivity as it obviates the hatchery phase. Here we tested how well kelp (Saccharina latissima) gametophytes adhere to cultivation ropes using two binder types (agar and κ-carrageenan) and application treatment (separate or mixed application) under two ecologically relevant flow regimes (5 and 15 cm s−1), and a control condition (0 cm s−1) in a laboratory flume. Our findings indicate that the effectiveness of a binder to retain S. latissima gametophytes onto cultivation rope, measured by the sporophyte density, was comparable for all binder types in the high flow velocity (15 cm s−1) treatments, including the non-binder control treatment. Sporophyte densities were highest in the low flow velocities (0 and 5 cm s−1) in the absence of a binder compared to all other treatment combinations. In conclusion, our results highlight that the effectiveness of binder assisted seeding of kelp propagules did not differ between the binder and non-binder treatments and was unaffected by flow velocities for the binder treatments. These findings are important in the development of novel methods and further optimisation of existing binder-based methods aimed at retaining seaweed propagules onto cultivation rope.
Predicting the Temperature Dependence of the Octanol–Air Partition Ratio: A New Model for Estimating $$\Delta {U^{ \circ}_{\text{OA}}}$$
Authors: Baskaran Sivani , Podagatlapalli Akshay , Sangion Alessandro , Wania Frank 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe octanol–air partition ratio (KOA) describes the partitioning of a chemical between air and octanol and is often used to approximate other partitioning phenomena in environmental chemistry (e.g., blood–air, atmospheric particulate matter–air, polyurethane foam-air). Such partitioning processes often occur at environmental temperatures other than 25 °C. Enthalpies $$\Delta {H^{ \circ}_{\text{OA}}}$$

Δ

H
OA
∘

or internal energies $$\Delta {U^{ \circ}_{\text{OA}}}$$

Δ

U
OA
∘

of phase transfer are used to express the temperature dependence of the KOA. Existing poly-parameter linear free energy relationships (ppLFERs) for predicting $$\Delta {H^{ \circ}_{\text{OA}}}$$

Δ

H
OA
∘

were developed using a relatively small dataset. In this work we utilize a recently developed comprehensive KOA database to create and curate a $$\Delta {U^{ \circ}_{\text{OA}}}$$

Δ

U
OA
∘

dataset containing 195 chemicals and use this dataset in the development of new predictive equations. Using the QSAR development platform QSARINS we evaluate the use of Abraham descriptors, other molecular descriptors, and the log10KOA at 25 °C as variables in different multilinear regression equations for $$\Delta {U^{ \circ}_{\text{OA}}}$$

Δ

U
OA
∘

. The $$\Delta {U^{ \circ}_{\text{OA}}}$$

Δ

U
OA
∘

of neutral organic chemicals can be reliably predicted using only the log10KOA (RMSEEXT = 6.86 kJ·mol−1, $${\text{R}^{2} _{\text{adj}}}$$

R
adj
2

= 0.94), only the solute’s hydrogen acidity A and the logarithm of the hexadecane–air partition ratio L (RMSEEXT = 7.23 kJ·mol−1, $${\text{R}^{2} _{\text{adj}}}$$

R
adj
2

= 0.93), or A and log10KOA (RMSEEXT = 6.76 kJ·mol−1, $${\text{R}^{2} _{\text{adj}}}$$

R
adj
2

= 0.95).
A brain-inspired algorithm for training highly sparse neural networks
Authors: Atashgahi Zahra , Pieterse Joost , Liu Shiwei , Mocanu Decebal Constantin , Veldhuis Raymond , Pechenizkiy Mykola 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSparse neural networks attract increasing interest as they exhibit comparable performance to their dense counterparts while being computationally efficient. Pruning the dense neural networks is among the most widely used methods to obtain a sparse neural network. Driven by the high training cost of such methods that can be unaffordable for a low-resource device, training sparse neural networks sparsely from scratch has recently gained attention. However, existing sparse training algorithms suffer from various issues, including poor performance in high sparsity scenarios, computing dense gradient information during training, or pure random topology search. In this paper, inspired by the evolution of the biological brain and the Hebbian learning theory, we present a new sparse training approach that evolves sparse neural networks according to the behavior of neurons in the network. Concretely, by exploiting the cosine similarity metric to measure the importance of the connections, our proposed method, “Cosine similarity-based and random topology exploration (CTRE)”, evolves the topology of sparse neural networks by adding the most important connections to the network without calculating dense gradient in the backward. We carried out different experiments on eight datasets, including tabular, image, and text datasets, and demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms several state-of-the-art sparse training algorithms in extremely sparse neural networks by a large gap. The implementation code is available on Github.
Hans Jonas and the phenomenological continuity of life and mind
Authors: Prokop Mirko 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper offers a novel interpretation of Hans Jonas’ analysis of metabolism, the centrepiece of Jonas’ philosophy of organism, in relation to recent controversies regarding the phenomenological dimension of life-mind continuity as understood within ‘autopoietic’ enactivism (AE). Jonas’ philosophy of organism chiefly inspired AE’s development of what we might call ‘the phenomenological life-mind continuity thesis’ (PLMCT), the claim that certain phenomenological features of human experience are central to a proper scientific understanding of both life and mind, and as such central features of all living organisms. After discussing the understanding of PLMCT within AE, and recent criticisms thereof, I develop a reading of Jonas’ analysis of metabolism, in light of previous commentators, which emphasizes its systematicity and transcendental flavour. The central thought is that, for Jonas, the attribution of certain phenomenological features is a necessary precondition for our understanding of the possibility of metabolism, rather than being derivable from metabolism itself. I argue that my interpretation strengthens Jonas’ contribution to AE’s justification for ascribing certain phenomenological features to life across the board. However, it also emphasises the need to complement Jonas’ analysis with an explanatory account of organic identity in order to vindicate these phenomenological ascriptions in a scientific context.
What is subjectivity? Scholarly perspectives on the elephant in the room
Authors: Lundberg Adrian , Fraschini Nicola , Aliani Renata 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe concept of subjectivity has long been controversially discussed in academic contexts without ever reaching consensus. As the main approach for a science of subjectivity, we applied Q methodology to investigate subjective perspectives about ‘subjectivity’. The purpose of this work was therefore to contribute with clarity about what is meant with this central concept and in what way the understanding might differ among Q researchers and beyond. Forty-six participants from different disciplinary backgrounds and geographical locations sorted 39 statements related to subjectivity. Factor analysis yielded five different perspectives. Employing a team approach, the factors were carefully and holistically interpreted in an iterative manner. Preliminary factor interpretations were then discussed with prominent experts in the field of Q methodology. These interviewees were selected due to their clear representation by a specific factor and led to a further enrichment of the narratives presented. Despite some underlying consensus concerning subjectivity’s dynamic and complex structure and being used as individuals’ internal point of view, perspectives differ with regard to the measurability of subjectivity and the role context plays for their construction. In light of the wide range of characterisations, we suggest the presented perspectives to be used as a springboard for future Q studies and urge researchers, within and beyond the Q community, to be more specific regarding their application of the concept. Furthermore, we discuss the importance of attempting to deeply understand research participants in order to truly contribute to a science of subjectivity.
Backward-Looking Principles of Climate Justice: The Unjustified Move from the Polluter Pays Principle to the Beneficiary Pays Principle
Authors: García-Portela Laura 
Published: November 2022

AbstractClimate change involves changes in the climate system caused by polluting human activities and the social and natural effects of these changes. The historical and anthropogenic grounds of climate change play an important role in climate justice claims. Many climate justice scholars believe that principles of climate justice should account for the historical and anthropogenic sources of climate change. Two main backward-looking principles have been proposed: the polluter pays principle (PPP) and the beneficiary pays principle (BPP). The BPP emerged in the literature on climate justice in response to certain objections raised against the PPP. In this paper, I focus on two of these objections: the causation objection and the excusable ignorance objection. Defenders of the BPP have traditionally assumed that this principle is not vulnerable to those objections, which renders the BPP superior to the PPP. In this paper, I challenge this underlying assumption. My argument here is simple: moving from the PPP to the BPP in response to any of these objections might be unjustified because the BPP is affected by at least some of the considerations giving rise to these objections.
Everything right or nothing wrong? Regulatory fit effects in an e-learning context
Authors: Janson Marc P. , Siebert Jan , Dickhäuser Oliver 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFeedback is a key factor in helping individuals to self-regulate their learning behavior. Informative feedback, as a very basic form of feedback informing learners about the correctness of their answers, can be framed in different ways emphasizing either what was correct or what must be improved. The regulatory focus theory describes different strategic orientations of individuals towards goals, which may be associated with different effects of different informative feedback types. A promotion orientation describes the preference for approaching positive outcomes, while a prevention orientation describes the preference for avoiding negative ones. Applied to the context of informative feedback in self-regulated e-learning environments, we predict that regulatory fit, defined as the congruence of individuals’ regulatory orientations and framed feedback, positively affects learning persistence and performance. In two experiments, we assessed individuals’ regulatory orientations and experimentally varied framed feedback in samples of university students preparing for exams with an e-learning tool (N = 182, experiment 1; N = 118, experiment 2) and observed actual learning behaviors. Using different operationalizations of regulatory-framed feedback, we found statistically significant regulatory fit effects on persistence and performance in both experiments, although some remain insignificant. In experiment 2, we additionally tested ease of processing as a mechanism for regulatory fit effects. This way, we expand the literature on regulatory fit effects and feedback on actual learning behavior and provide evidence for the benefits of adaptive learning environments. We discuss limitations, especially regarding the stability of regulatory fit, as well as future directions of research on regulatory-framed feedback.
Time from blood draw to multiple electrode aggregometry and association with platelet reactivity
Authors: Hesselbarth David , Gjermeni Diona , Szabo Sofia , Siegel Patrick M. , Diehl Philipp , Moser Martin , Bode Christoph , Olivier Christoph B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractResults from multiple electrode aggregometry (MEA) may vary according to pre-analytic factors. This study aimed to analyze the association of time from blood draw to MEA in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In this observational single-center cohort study, platelet aggregation (aggregation units, U) was quantified by MEA (Multiplate Analyzer) after stimulation with adenosine diphosphate (ADP; final concentration [Fc] 6.4 μM), thrombin receptor activating peptide (TRAP; Fc 32 μM), or arachidonic acid (AA; Fc 0.5 mM) in patients treated with ASA and clopidogrel following PCI. High on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity (HPR) was defined as ADP-induced platelet aggregation ≥ 46 U. The manufacturer recommends performing the analysis within 30–180 min after blood draw. Patients were grouped according to the time from blood draw to MEA: 30–180 min, < 30 min, or > 180 min. Platelet function of 273 patients with coronary artery disease undergoing PCI with dual antiplatelet therapy was analyzed. The median age was 72 years (interquartile range, IQR 62–79) and 179 (66%) were male. Median ADP-, TRAP-, and AA-induced aggregation was 25 (IQR 18–36) U, 79 (IQR 63–96) U, and 12 (IQR 7–18) U, respectively. For those analyzed within 30–180 min from blood draw, no significant correlation of time from blood draw to MEA was observed 1) ADP (r = − 0.04, p = 0.51); 2) TRAP (r = − 0.06, p = 0.32); 3) AA (r = − 0.03, p = 0.67). In patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and treated with dual antiplatelet therapy, the time from blood draw to multiple electrode aggregometry does not correlate with ADP- induced aggregation when the measurement occurred within the recommended time interval of 30–180 min after blood draw.
Evolution of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of ATI 718Plus® Superalloy After Graded Solution Treatment
Authors: Lech Sebastian , Wusatowska-Sarnek Agnieszka M. , Wieczerzak Krzysztof , Kruk Adam 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties of ATI 718Plus® superalloy subjected to a graded solution treatment was evaluated. Graded solution treatment was performed on a single bar of 718Plus superalloy for 1 hour within a temperature range of 907 °C to 1095 °C. It resulted in a graded microstructure investigated mainly by light microscopy, scanning-, and transmission electron microscopy. A quantitative analysis of identified phases was performed. Mechanical properties were assessed using the Vickers hardness test and correlated with the microstructural changes. The structure–property relationship between 718Plus superalloy microstructure and mechanical properties was established. The change of theγphase grain size in the single-phase range did not affect the hardness in a meaningful manner. Significant increases in hardness were observed after the introduction ofγ′ andηphases. Phase stability limits were determined experimentally and compared with those calculated using the Thermo-Calc software.
Microstructural Aspects of Premature Pitting Corrosion of Steel Pipe–Case Study
Authors: Tyrała Dorota , Pawłowski Bogdan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA premature pitting corrosion in seam-welded 3-inch L235 steel pipe was reported to occur after 8 years in service. This pipe was part of a closed ice water cooling system, where the inlet water temperature was 6 °C and the outlet water temperature was 11 °C. The present work aimed to investigate the causes of this premature pitting corrosion of the pipe through metallographic investigations. This work comprised a visual examination of the internal surfaces of the pipe and microstructural examinations of the corrosion perforation regions (pitting corrosion areas) using optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The investigations showed that the corrosion pits occurred only in areas with a huge number of specific micro-voids that can be associated with the excessive presence of trapped hydrogen dissolved in the steel, probably during steelmaking operations.