bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vital pulp therapy: the past, present and future
Authors: El-Ma'aita Ahmad M , Qualtrough Alison JE , Darcey James , Hunter Mark J 
Published: December 2022

Vital pulp therapy (VPT) aims to preserve pulpal sensation. Historically VPT was considered a treatment option for deciduous teeth or young immature permanent teeth. Carious pulp exposure in permanent mature teeth was considered a contraindication for VPT and warranted root canal treatment (RCT). Recently, VPT has been used for management of carious pulp exposures in mature permanent teeth, with good outcomes, even in the presence of clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of irreversible pulpitis. VPT is a simple and conservative alternative to root canal treatment in a few clinical situations. It is imperative that dentists understand its indications and techniques. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The reader should understand the evidence-based changes in approach to VPT and the future direction of this treatment modality.
Assessment of Ecological Conditions and Potential of Pastures, Meadows and Steppes Landscapes of Georgia
Authors: Elizbarashvili Nodar , Grigolia Lado , Sandodze Gela 
Published: December 2022

The natural diversity of Georgia is outstanding in the world. This is particularly true with the subtropical and moderate belts of the country presenting over seventy natural landscapes, from humid subtropical or light semiarid forests through moist and Alpine landscapes. Such a variety is the result of several factors, with the following ones being most important: geographical location (location along the border of the tropical and moderate belts), effect of the Black Sea (which never freezes), altitudinal zoning (up to 5200 ml) and several-thousand-year-long history of the economic use of the territory.
The highly diverse landscapes of Georgia complicate the study of the geographical-ecological (geo-ecological) properties of the country. Among such properties, horizontal and vertical structure of landscapes, energy and substance transformation in the landscape (functioning), forms and scales of influence on the landscapes, landscape stability and function, and landscape condition and potential have a particular importance.
The condition of landscapes is determined by the forms and scales of external influence. The character of influence can be considered by the ability of self-regeneration of the landscape structure. It is admitted that if the impact applies to the biologic components only, the landscape preserves the self-generation ability. The self-regeneration mechanism is impossible to maintain if: 1. the influence coincides with or stimulates (increases) the negative natural processes; 2. The basic landscape creator component or relief and climate is under the impact; 3. One ecosystem is changed by another equivalent one.
Potential of landscapes is a spatial-and-time category ensuing from the natural properties of the landscapes, results of anthropogenic impact and kinds and trends of the territory use. In some cases, they attribute the landscape potential to the terms of landscape comfort and quantitative indicators of the landscape structure and components, what gives a too general view of the landscape potential.
Condition and potential of landscapes are important issues of territorial planning, eventually determining the forms of use, protection and sustainable development of pastures, meadows and steep landscapes.
The article evaluates the ecological condition and potential of those landscapes (ecosystems - pastures, meadows and steppes) of Georgia, which are greatly influenced by both human economic activity and climate change trends.
Dynamic range expansion of spatial light modulators based on a module-nπ method
Authors: Zhou Xing , Jia Shuhai , Lin Zihan , Zhang Huajian , Wang Longning , Yu Hongqiang , Zhang Yunlong 
Published: December 2022

It is known that the cumbersome

2

π

correction is needed in the traditional module-

2

π

method (i.e., the phase wrapping method) due to the

2

π

deviation of the phase modulation depth of spatial light modulators (SLMs). To avoid the cumbersome

2

π

correction in the module-

2

π

method, this paper proposes a module-

n

π

method, and it can directly utilize any full-field phase modulation depth. First, for a Gaussian phase with a phase depth of 30 rad, wrapped by the module-

3.6

π

, it is reconstructed with the root-mean-square (RMS) values of its phase response are

0.1006

λ

(for the Twyman–Green interferometer) and

0.1101

λ

(for the Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor method), respectively, which proves that the monitoring accuracy is relatively consistent. Subsequently, some comparative experiments based on the traditional module-

2

π

are performed. The experimental results show that the RMS values of its phase response are

0.8886

λ

(for a modulation depth of 11.3 rad) and

0.2261

λ

(for a modulation depth of 6.28 rad), respectively. All the results have proved that the SLM with a phase modulation depth exceeding

2

π

(e.g., 11.3 rad) has more prominent advantages. More specifically, increasing the SLM’s phase modulation depth can effectively reduce the fringe orders of the wrapped patterns generated by the module-

n

π

method. With the further reduction of the fringe orders, the influence of the fly-back zone error on the wavefront phase modulation is reduced, that is, the modulation accuracy is improved (the RMS values are reduced from

0.2261

λ

to

0.1006

λ

). Different from the traditional module-

2

π

method, there is no need to consider the problems of the SLMs’ over modulation or the insufficient modulation in the module-

n

π

method. Furthermore, it avoids the cumbersome

2

π

correction process, which will make the use of the SLM more convenient.
Multiband metamaterial emitters for infrared and laser compatible stealth with thermal management based on dissipative dielectrics
Authors: Yu Kun , Zhang Wei , Qian Mengdan , Shen Peng , Liu Yufang 
Published: December 2022

The modulation of thermal radiation in the infrared region is a highly anticipated method to achieve infrared sensing and camouflage. Here, a multiband metamaterial emitter based on the

Al
/

SiO

2

/
Al

nanosandwich structure is proposed to provide new ideas for effective infrared and laser-compatible camouflage. By virtue of the intrinsic absorption and magnetic resonance property of lossy materials, the thermal radiation in the infrared region can be rationally modulated. The fabricated samples generally present low emissivity (

ε

3
–
5

μm

=
0.21

,

ε

8
–
14

μm

=
0.19

) in the atmospheric windows to evade infrared detection as well as high emissivity (

ε

5
–
8

μm

=
0.43

) in the undetected band for energy dissipation. Additionally, the laser camouflage is also realized by introducing a strong absorption at 10.6 μm through the nonlocalized plasmon resonance of the

SiO

2

layer. Moreover, the fabricated emitter shows promising prospects in thermal management due to the good radiative cooling property that is comparable to the metallic Al material. This work demonstrates a multiband emitter based on the metasurface structure with compatible infrared-laser camouflage as well as radiative cooling properties, which is expected to pave new routes for the design of thermal radiation devices.
Association between lack of sexual interest and all-cause mortality in a Japanese general population: The Yamagata prospective observational study
Authors: Sakurada Kaori , Konta Tsuneo , Murakami Narumi , Kosugi Naoko , Saito Takafumi , Watanabe Masafumi , Ishizawa Kenichi , Ueno Yoshiyuki , Kayama Takamasa 
Published: December 2022

Background
Sexual interest is essential for maintaining positive sexual relationships and sexual function, which have recently been recognized as important indicators of good health and quality of life. Here, we prospectively investigated associations between sexual interest and mortality in a community-based population.

Methods
This study enrolled 20,969 subjects (8,558 males and 12,411 females) aged ≥ 40 years who participated in annual health check-ups in Yamagata Prefecture. Sexual interest was assessed by a self-report questionnaire. Associations between sexual interest and increased all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality, and cancer mortality were investigated by Cox proportional hazards modeling.

Results
During follow-up (median: 7.1 years), 503 subjects died; 67 deaths were due to cardiovascular disease, and 162 were due to cancer. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that all-cause mortality and cancer mortality were significantly elevated among men who lacked sexual interest (log-rank P<0.0001, P<0.05). Cox proportional hazards model analysis with adjustment for age, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking, alcohol drinking status, BMI, education, marital status, frequency of laughter, and psychological distress showed that the risk of all-cause mortality was significantly higher among men who lacked sexual interest than men who had sexual interest (hazard ratio [HR] 1.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17–2.44).

Conclusion
Lack of sexual interest is suggested to be a risk factor for all-cause mortality in Japanese males over 40 years old. This finding has implications for the importance of sexual interest in increasing longevity in this population.
Tribological and mechanical properties of lubricant filled microcapsules in thermoplastic composites
Authors: Grünewald Moritz , Latnikova Alexandra , Hohmann Katrin , Sänger Anne , Rudloff Johannes , Bosse Michael , Hochrein Thomas , Bastian Martin 
Published: December 2022

Polymeric materials with long lifetime and low frictional energy loss are frequently required for a broad range of applications. Microencapsulation of lubricating oils by in-situ polymerization (melamine-formaldehyde) and interfacial polymerization (polyurethane/polyurea) was used to obtain free-flowing powders, which can be used as additive for thermoplastic materials resulting in microcapsule-containing self-lubricating composites. The specific functionality of such composites is achieved via portioned and localised release of the lubricant in the areas of the interface, which experiences the highest degrees of stress and wear due to the friction. Friction-triggered on-demand release of the lubricating oil results in materials with higher wear resistance and potentially leading to new products with prolonged lifetime. In this study, different ratios of microcapsules were added in polyoxymethylene (POM) and polybutylterephthalat (PBT) matrices by using laboratory scale twin-screw extruder resulting in self-lubricating composite materials. The effect of such modification on the tribological and mechanical properties of the thermoplastic composites were investigated. Rotational ball on disc tests were used to investigate the wear loss and coefficient of friction for the composites with varied microcapsule concentrations. Tensile tests revealed decreased mechanical stability for the composites with higher microcapsule content regardless of microcapsule wall material composition. Addition of 5 wt.- % of encapsulated lubricant oil led to the substantial decrease of the frictional and wear coefficients. Further increase of encapsulated lubricant oil content to 10 wt.-% had a major decreasing impact on the mechanical properties, whilst the effect on the tribological performance was rather small.
Waste Management of Ege University during the COVID-19 period
Authors: Daglioglu S. Tugce , Sertkaya Simge , Kinal Armagan , Bor Melike , Ayaz Dincer 
Published: December 2022

Ege University manages packaging wastes, hazardous wastes, electronic wastes and organic wastes within the scope of integrated waste management and has been awarded the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization Zero Waste Certificate. For packaging waste, recycled and non-recyclable wastes are collected separately. Recycled wastes are collected in blue boxes and gray boxes are used for non-recyclable wastes. Along with the pandemic period, with the directive of the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, extra gray boxes were added and used to collect waste materials such as masks, gloves, etc. The first COVID case in Turkey started in March 2020 and these studies came into effect in April. In this context, all staff and students are informed and the health of the community and the environment is protected.Keyword: waste management, mask and glove waste management, COVID-19
Climate Change Adaptation and Integrated Waste Management in the time of Pandemic in Ondokuz Mayıs University
Authors: Ardalı Yüksel , Köksal Özge 
Published: December 2022

In this study, consumption data for 2020 were obtained from the Administration Activity Reports published annually by Ondokuz Mayıs University (OMU). Waste data were also taken for the 2020 period as the amounts recorded within the scope of the Zero Waste Project carried out by the university. With the collected data, in the second part, the changes in waste types and amounts will be mentioned in addition to the approximate carbon footprint calculation with the effect of the pandemic process experienced with the year 2020, within the scope and limits determined by the university. The amount of waste per person as students and faculty members of the wastes originating from the units of the university was also calculated. By using the amounts of glass, paper, metal and plastic waste types collected separately by the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, the amount of gains to be obtained against parameters such as energy, raw material use and emission reduction was calculated with the help of zero waste counter. In order to evaluate the zero waste studies carried out by the University. Within the scope of Zero Waste studies of Ondokuz Mayıs University, the types and amounts of waste coming from the units during the 2020 pandemic period were evaluated. Considering the data obtained from the different units of the university, a decrease was observed in the amount of waste, as in the consumption data. In addition to the harmonization of integrated waste management and transfer mechanisms in our university, carbon capture gardens have been designed to be implemented in our university.Keyword: integrated waste management, carbon release, carbon footprint, carbon capture garden
Poll Tax Rates in Roman Egypt
Authors: Minnen Peter van 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Discussion of the various poll tax rates in Roman Egypt, which can be reduced to a simple scheme drawn up by the Romans upon their conquest of Egypt. This scheme suggests that in 30 BC the distribution of the population in Egypt was roughly uniform except for the Fayyum (underpopulated) and the western oases (overpopulated), possibly also Thebes (overpopulated). It also suggests that in 30 BC the distribution of the Greek population was uneven, with virtually no Greeks in Upper Egypt, possibly also the oases, and fewer Greeks in Oxyrhynchus than in other metropoleis in Lower and Middle Egypt.
BnF Copte 129 (20) fol. 178: Three Healing Prescriptions
Authors: Preininger Markéta 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
BnF Copte 129 (20) fol. 178 is a codex sheet containing several healing prescriptions. The first text is a fumigation recipe for a gynaecological issue including a prayer to be spoken during this procedure, the second is a prayer for healing deafness referring to Malchus, and the third is an unknown prescription. Editions of these texts are produced and contextualized in this paper, with some older Egyptian, Greek, and later Arabic healing texts taken into consideration.
Occurrence, sources, and potential risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in southern Xinjiang, China
Authors: Abudureheman Mukadasi , Ailijiang Nuerla , Maihemuti Balati , Mamat Anwar , Mamitimin Yusuyunjiang , Zhong Naifu , Li Nanxin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental pollutants of global concern, mainly originating from industrial activities, biomass combustion, and vehicle emissions. With the acceleration of industrialization, the surrounding environment of the industrial area may have potential health effects on the population. Therefore, we focused on the occurrence, source, and health risk assessment of PAHs in soil, plants, and water near industrial areas in southern Xinjiang, China. The occurrence of PAHs in different soil layers (0–10, 10–30, and 30–50 cm) was studied, with PAHs mainly concentrated in the topsoil (11.50–34.68 ng/g). In plants, PAHs varied from 56.63 to 597.28 ng/g, with the highest concentrations in reed (267.29–597.28 ng/g). Total PAHs in water ranged from 4183.85 to 24803.45 ng/L, with an average of 10,240 ng/L. 3-ring PAHs were the dominant species in soil, plants, and water with 55, 69, and 59%, respectively. PAHs isomer ratio results indicated that PAHs in soil, plants, and water mainly came from fossil fuels and biomass combustion. Incremental lifetime cancer risk estimation results demonstrated that adults might face higher potential health risks than children. Adults’ dermal contact was the dominant route of exposure, while oral ingestion was the dominant exposure pathway for children. The total carcinogenic risk value of corn is much higher than that of walnuts and red dates, indicating that PAHs pollution in corn must be taken seriously. The results can clarify the local pollution situation, and provide suggestions for improving pollution prevention and control measures.
Individual variation in performing reading-aloud speech among deaf speakers
Authors: Wan Tsung-Lun Alan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe study examines the stylistic variation (interview vs. passage-reading) of socially meaningful variables among orally educated deaf speakers of Mandarin in Taipei, Taiwan. I examine the use of the retroflex and alveolar fricatives across two groups: deaf persons who received speech therapy or training, and those who did not receive speech medicalization. The two groups acquire the metalinguistic awareness of sibilant variation in different ways. Results show that the former group utilize the variables in the same way as hearing persons do – increasing the degree of retroflexion in reading-aloud speech. The latter group engage with the variable in an opposite way – decreasing the degree of retroflexion, which nevertheless also indexes able-bodiedness, possibly via the embodied link between a stronger hiss and a fronted sibilant. I argue that we need to carefully look at what different linguistic variants index through locating the variants in each speaker’s personal history.
The crystal structure of trans-[bis(4-methylpyridine-κN)bis(quinoline-2-carboxylato- κ
2
N,O)cadmium(II)], C32H26CdN4O4
Authors: Kukovec Boris-Marko , Sokol Vesna , Popović Zora 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
C32H26CdN4O4, tetragonal, P41212 (no. 92), a = 13.7308(6) Å, c = 15.1806(7) Å, V = 2862.1(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0359, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0693, T = 296(2) K.
Neolithisation in the Northern French Alps: First Results of the Lithic Study of the Industries of La Grande Rivoire Rockshelter (Isère, France)
Authors: Dallaire Marc-André 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The “transition” period from the end of the Second Mesolithic to the Early Neolithic is a singular phase in the prehistory of Western Europe. The first signs of neolithisation will be observed in the Northern French Alps between 5500 and 5350 cal. BC, after having experienced an arrhythmic progression from the Mediterranean sphere. The presence of numerous imprecisions in the North Alpine chronocultural sequence makes it difficult to understand the rhythms and mechanisms of its implantation. The subject is all the more complex in that there seems to be a temporal and geographical proximity between the last indigenous hunter-gatherer-collector groups and the arrival of the first agropastoralists in the regions, which could have led to the acculturation of one or the other community. Some sites thus provide assemblages presenting industries described as “mixed sets,” where characteristic materials of the Second Mesolithic and the Early Neolithic are jointly revealed. Generally judged unreliable, they are considered to be the result of asynchronous mixtures of occupations. The study of lithic industries from recent excavations at La Grande Rivoire rockshelter offers a new perspective on this particular neolithisation context. This site of the Vercors massif is especially promising in this matter, displaying almost uninterrupted occupations from the First Mesolithic to the Protohistoric periods and having revealed a significant number of material productions. Oriented mainly on the observation of possible behavioural changes within the reduction sequences, the first results of this study already allow us to note the presence of a certain evolutionary sequence of lithic industries.
An Atypical, Staged Cell Death Pathway Induced by Depletion of SNARE-Proteins MUNC18-1 or Syntaxin-1
Authors: Feringa Femke M. , van Berkel Annemiek A. , Nair Anushka , Verhage Matthijs 
Published: December 2022

The presynaptic proteins MUNC18-1, syntaxin-1, and SNAP25 drive SNARE-mediated synaptic vesicle fusion and are also required for neuronal viability. Their absence triggers rapid, cell-autonomous, neuron-specific degeneration, unrelated to synaptic vesicle deficits. The underlying cell death pathways remain poorly understood. Here, we show that hippocampi ofmunc18-1null mice (unknown sex) express apoptosis hallmarks cleaved caspase 3 (CC-3) and phosphorylated p53, and have condensed nuclei. However, side-by-sidein vitrocomparison with classical apoptosis induced by camptothecin uncovered striking differences to syntaxin-1 and MUNC18-1 depleted neurons. First, live-cell imaging revealed consecutive neurite retraction hours before cell death in MUNC18-1 or syntaxin-1 depleted neurons, whereas all neurites retracted at once, directly before cell death in classical apoptosis. Second, CC-3 activation was observed only after loss of all neurites and cellular breakdown, whereas CC-3 is activated before any neurite loss in classical apoptosis. Third, a pan-caspase inhibitor and a p53 inhibitor both arrested classical apoptosis, as expected, but not cell death in MUNC18-1 or syntaxin-1 depleted neurons. Neuron-specific cell death, consecutive neurite retraction, and late CC-3 activation were conserved in syntaxin-1 depleted human neurons. Finally, no indications were observed for involvement of other established cell death pathways, including necroptosis, Wallerian degeneration, autophagic cell death, and pyroptosis. Together, these data show that depletion of presynaptic proteins MUNC18-1 or syntaxin-1 triggers an atypical, staged cell death pathway characterized by consecutive neurite retraction, ultimately leading to, but not driven by, apoptosis.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeuronal cell death can occur via a multitude of pathways and plays an important role in the developing nervous system as well as neurodegenerative diseases. One poorly understood pathway to neuronal cell death takes place on depletion of presynaptic SNARE proteins syntaxin-1, SNAP25, or MUNC18-1. The current study demonstrates that MUNC18-1 or syntaxin-1 depleted neurons show a new, atypical, staged cell death that does not resemble any of the established cell death pathways in neurons. Cell death on MUNC18-1 or syntaxin-1 depletion is characterized by consecutive neurite retraction, ultimately involving, but not driven by, classical apoptosis.