bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The BTK Safety Score: A Novel Scoring System for Risk Stratifying Patients Undergoing Simultaneous Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Wang Kevin Y. , Puvanesarajah Varun , Raad Micheal , Barry Kawsu , Srikumaran Umasuthan , Thakkar Savyasachi C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSelection of appropriate candidates for simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty (si-BTKA) is crucial for minimizing postoperative complications. The aim of this study was to develop a scoring system for identifying patients who may be appropriate for si-BTKA. Patients who underwent si-BTKA were identified in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Patients who experienced a major 30-day complication were identified as high-risk patients for si-BTKA who potentially would have benefitted from staged bilateral total knee arthroplasty. Major complications included deep wound infection, pneumonia, renal insufficiency or failure, cerebrovascular accident, cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, sepsis, or death. The predictive model was trained using randomly split 70% of the dataset and validated on the remaining 30%. The scoring system was compared against the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and legacy risk-stratification measures, using area under the curve (AUC) statistic. Total 4,630 patients undergoing si-BTKA were included in our cohort. In our model, patients are assigned points based on the following risk factors: +1 for age ≥ 75, +2 for age ≥ 82, +1 for body mass index (BMI) ≥ 34, +2 for BMI ≥ 42, +1 for hypertension requiring medication, +1 for pulmonary disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or dyspnea), and +3 for end-stage renal disease. The scoring system exhibited an AUC of 0.816, which was significantly higher than the AUC of ASA (0.545; p < 0.001) and CCI (0.599; p < 0.001). The BTK Safety Score developed and validated in our study can be used by surgeons and perioperative teams to risk stratify patients undergoing si-BTKA. Future work is needed to assess this scoring system's ability to predict long-term functional outcomes.
COVID-19 lockdown implementation in Ghana: lessons learned and hurdles to overcome
Authors: Assan Abraham , Hussein Hawawu , Agyeman-Duah David N. K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCOVID-19 exacts huge health and economic burdens on the global economy. To minimize spread of the virus, most governments of the wealthiest countries implemented lockdowns—a tough preventive measure. Ghana implemented a partial lockdown of two major cities, then lifted it in few weeks despite rising numbers of cases. This Viewpoint presents perspectives of key stakeholders in the public about lockdown implementation in Ghana. Respondents characterize the lifting of the lockdown as hasty, poorly communicated, and lacking transparency. Most would have preferred a longer lockdown despite the pressures it imposed especially on the urban poor. Participants expressed uncertainty about the health systems' ability to respond to increases in disease transmission and to provide education, engagement, and empowerment needed in communities, but even so would have preferred a longer lockdown. We offer lessons for more effective policy and implementation of lockdowns.
Tiling a tubule: how increasing complexity improves the yield of self-limited assembly
Authors: Videbæk Thomas E , Fang Huang , Hayakawa Daichi , Tyukodi Botond , Hagan Michael F , Rogers W Benjamin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The ability to design and synthesize ever more complicated colloidal particles opens the possibility of self-assembling a zoo of complex structures, including those with one or more self-limited length scales. An undesirable feature of systems with self-limited length scales is that thermal fluctuations can lead to the assembly of nearby, off-target states. We investigate strategies for limiting off-target assembly by using multiple types of subunits. Using simulations and energetics calculations, we explore this concept by considering the assembly of tubules built from triangular subunits that bind edge to edge. While in principle, a single type of triangle can assemble into tubules with a monodisperse width distribution, in practice, the finite bending rigidity of the binding sites leads to the formation of off-target structures. To increase the assembly specificity, we introduce tiling rules for assembling tubules from multiple species of triangles. We show that the selectivity of the target structure can be dramatically improved by using multiple species of subunits, and provide a prescription for choosing the minimum number of subunit species required for near-perfect yield. Our approach of increasing the system’s complexity to reduce the accessibility of neighboring structures should be generalizable to other systems beyond the self-assembly of tubules.
Piezoelectric unimorph and bimorph cantilever configurations: Design guidelines and strain assessment
Authors: Giri Abhijeet M , Ali S F , Arockiarajan A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Multi-stable configurations of piezoelectric harvester are quite successful in achieving the two important goals, the broadband frequency response and large orbit oscillations exhibiting periodic, multi-periodic, and chaotic solutions. However, in the quest of achieving large amplitude broadband frequency response, assessment of induced strain levels considering the limits on the strain in piezoelectric material has received minimal attention. In this context, the investigation presents analytical formulation for the assessment of induced strain and voltage(s) in piezoelectric unimorph and bimorph cantilevers. The formulation quantifies not only the induced voltages in individual piezoelectric layers of a bimorph, but also the equivalent voltages in parallel and series connection modes, respectively. Also, while computing the induced voltage in the first piezoelectric layer, the contribution from the induced voltage of second piezoelectric layer to the acting bending moment is captured in the formulation. The formulations are validated through the experiments and results from the literature. Further, we have applied two practically useful normalization schemes, the

t

p

- and

t

t

-normalizations to the analytical expressions. Using the two normalization schemes, influences of variation of substrate and adhesive layer thicknesses, elastic moduli of layers, and substrate-to-composite length fraction are visualized and discussed. Based on the results, summarized guidelines for design and selection of geometric and material parameters are presented, which may also be applicable for other sensing and actuation applications. At last, practically suitable ranges and optimum values for the normalized design variables are proposed.
Boosting engine performance with Bose–Einstein condensation
Authors: Myers Nathan M , Peña Francisco J , Negrete Oscar , Vargas Patricio , De Chiara Gabriele , Deffner Sebastian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
At low-temperatures a gas of bosons will undergo a phase transition into a quantum state of matter known as a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC), in which a large fraction of the particles will occupy the ground state simultaneously. Here we explore the performance of an endoreversible Otto cycle operating with a harmonically confined Bose gas as the working medium. We analyze the engine operation in three regimes, with the working medium in the BEC phase, in the gas phase, and driven across the BEC transition during each cycle. We find that the unique properties of the BEC phase allow for enhanced engine performance, including increased power output and higher efficiency at maximum power.
Dynamics of matter-wave solitons in three-component Bose-Einstein condensates with time-modulated interactions and gain or loss effect
Authors: Yang Yajie , Dong Ying 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe gain or loss effect on the dynamics of the matter-wave solitons in three-component Bose–Einstein condensates with time-modulated interactions trapped in parabolic external potentials are investigated analytically. Some exact matter-wave soliton solutions to the three-coupled Gross–Pitaevskii equation describing the three-component Bose–Einstein condensates are constructed by similarity transformation. The dynamical properties of the matter-wave solitons are analyzed graphically, and the effects of the gain or loss parameter and the frequency of the external potentials on the matter-wave solitons are explored. It is shown that the gain coefficient makes the atom condensate to absorb energy from the background, while the loss coefficient brings about the collapse of the condensate.
Dynamical behavior of cardiac conduction system under external disturbances: simulation based on microcontroller technology
Authors: Fonkou R F , Louodop Patrick , Talla P K 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The heart rhythm is one of the most interesting aspects of the dynamic behavior of biological systems. Understanding heart rhythms is essential in the dynamic analysis of the heart. Each type of dynamic behaviour can describe normal or pathological physiology. The heart is made up of nodes ranging from SA node (natural pacemaker) to Purkinje fibers. The electric current originates in the sinus node and travels through the heart until it reaches the Purkinje fibers, causing after its passage through each of the nodes a heartbeat thus constituting the electrocardiogram (ECG). Since the origin of the electric current is the sinus node, in this article we study numerically and experimentally by microcontroller the influence of the sinus node on the propagation of electric current through the heart. A study of the sinus node in its autonomous state shows us that in their coupled state, the nodes of the heart qualitatively reproduce the time series of the action potential of this latter, which leads to the recording of the ECG. A study when the sinus node is subjected to periodic pulsed excitation

E

1

(
t
)

=
k
P

(
t
)

,

assumed to come from blood pressure, with

P

(
t
)

the blood pressure, shows that for some selected frequencies, it is found that the nodes of the heart and the ECG exhibit responses having the same shape and the same frequencies as those of the pulsatile blood pressure. This suggests the possibility of using such a conversion and excitation mechanism to replicate the functioning of cardiac conduction system. The chaotic analysis of the sinus node subjected to a sinusoidal type disturbance

E

0

sin

(
ω
t
)

is also presented, it shows that in its chaotic state, the nodes of the heart, as well as the ECG, provide very high frequency signals. This requires the control of the sinus node (natural pacemaker) in such a situation.
Investigating non-Gaussianity in Cosmic Microwave Background temperature maps using spherical harmonic phases
Authors: Kumar Yadav Sarvesh , Saha Rajib 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the era of precision cosmology, accurate estimation of cosmological parameters is based upon the implicit assumption of the Gaussian nature of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation. Therefore, an important scientific question to ask is whether the observed CMB map is consistent with Gaussian prediction. In this work, we extend previous studies based on CMB spherical harmonic phases (SHP) to examine the validity of the hypothesis that the temperature field of the CMB is consistent with a Gaussian random field (GRF). The null hypothesis is that the corresponding CMB SHP are independent and identically distributed in
terms of a uniform distribution in the interval [0, 2π] [1,2]. We devise a new model-independent method where we use ordered and non-parametric Rao's statistic, based on sample arc-lengths to comprehensively test uniformity and independence of SHP for a given ℓ mode and independence of nearby ℓ mode SHP. We performed our analysis on the scales limited by spherical harmonic modes ≤ 128, to restrict ourselves to signal-dominated regions. To find the non-uniform or dependent sets of SHP, we calculate the statistic for the data and 10000 Monte Carlo simulated uniformly random sets of SHP and use 0.05 and 0.001 α levels to distinguish between statistically significant and highly significant detections. We first establish the performance of our method using simulated Gaussian, non-Gaussian CMB temperature maps, along with observed non-Gaussian 100 and 143 GHz Planck channel maps. We find that our method, performs efficiently and accurately in detecting phase correlations generated in all of the non-Gaussian simulations and observed foreground contaminated 100 and 143 GHz Planck channel temperature maps. We apply our method on Planck satellite mission's final released CMB temperature anisotropy maps- COMMANDER, SMICA, NILC, and SEVEM along with WMAP 9 year released ILC map. We report that SHP corresponding to some of the m-modes are non-uniform, some of the ℓ mode SHP and neighboring mode pair SHP are correlated in cleaned CMB maps. The detection of non-uniformity or correlation in the SHP indicates the presence of non-Gaussian signals in the foreground minimized CMB maps.
Light scalars in neutron star mergers
Authors: Bhupal Dev P.S. , Fortin Jean-François , Harris Steven P. , Sinha Kuver , Zhang Yongchao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Due to their unique set of multimessenger signals, neutron star mergers have emerged as a novel environment for studies of new physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). As a case study, we consider the simplest extension of the SM scalar sector involving a light CP-even scalar singlet S mixing with the SM Higgs boson. These S particles can be produced abundantly in neutron star mergers via the nucleon bremsstrahlung process. We show that the S particles may either be trapped in or stream freely out of the merger remnant, depending on the S mass, its mixing with the SM Higgs boson, and the temperature and baryon density in the merger. In the free-streaming region, the scalar S will provide an extra channel to cool down the merger remnant, with cooling timescales as small as 𝒪(ms). On the other hand, in the trapped region, the Bose gas of S particles could contribute a larger thermal conductivity than the trapped neutrinos in some parts of the parameter space, thus leading to faster thermal equilibration than expected. Therefore, future observations of the early postmerger phase of a neutron star merger could effectively probe a unique range of the S parameter space, largely complementary to the existing and future laboratory and supernova limits. In view of these results, we hope the merger simulation community will be motivated to implement the effects of light CP-even scalars into their simulations in both the free-streaming and trapped regimes.
Nonlinear electrodynamics effects
on the black hole shadow,
deflection angle, quasinormal modes
and greybody factors
Authors: Okyay M. , Övgün A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the effects of nonlinear electrodynamics (NED) on non-rotating black holes, parametrized by the field coupling parameter β and magnetic charge parameter P in detail. Particularly, we survey a large range of observables and physical properties of the magnetically charged black hole, including the thermodynamic properties, observational appearance, quasinormal modes and absorption cross sections. Initially, we show that the NED black hole is always surrounded by an event horizon and any magnetic charge is permissible. We then show that the black hole gets colder with increasing charge. Investigating the heat capacity, we see that the black hole is thermally stable between points of phase transition. Introducing a generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) with a quantum gravity parameter λ extends the range of the stable region, but the effect on temperature is negligible. Then we compute the deflection angle at the weak field limit, by the Gauss-Bonnet theorem and the geodesic equation, and find that even at the first order, the magnetic charge has a contribution due to the “field mass” term. Small changes of the charge contributes greatly to the paths of null geodesics due to the P
2 dependence of the horizon radius. Using a ray-tracing code, we simulate the observational appearance of a NED black hole under different emission profiles, thin disk and spherical accretion. We find that the parameter P has a very strong effect on the observed shadow radius, in agreement with the deflection angle calculations. We finally consider quasinormal modes under massless scalar perturbations of the black hole and the greybody factor. We find that the charge introduces a slight difference in the fundamental frequency of the emitted waveform. We find that the greybody factor of the NED black hole is strongly steepened by the introduction of increasing charge. To present observational constrains, we show that the magnetic charge of the M87* black hole is between 0 ≤ P ≤ 0.024 in units of M, in agreement with the idea that real astrophysical black holes are mostly neutral. We also find that LIGO/VIRGO and LISA could detect NED black hole perturbations from BHs with masses between 5 M
☉ and 8.0 · 108
M
☉. We finally show that for black holes with masses detected with LIGO so far, charged NED black holes would deviate from Schwarzschild by 5∼10 Hz in their fundamental frequencies.
Fermionic vacuum polarization
around a cosmic string in compactified
AdS spacetime
Authors: Bellucci S. , Oliveira dos Santos W. , Bezerra de Mello E.R. , Saharian A.A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We investigate topological effects of a cosmic string and compactification
of a spatial dimension on the vacuum expectation value (VEV) of the
energy-momentum tensor for a fermionic field in (4+1)-dimensional locally
AdS spacetime. The contribution induced by the compactification is
explicitly extracted by using the Abel-Plana summation formula. The mean
energy-momentum tensor is diagonal and the vacuum stresses along the
direction perpendicular to the AdS boundary and along the cosmic string are
equal to the energy density. All the components are even periodic functions
of the magnetic fluxes inside the string core and enclosed by compact
dimension, with the period equal to the flux quantum. The vacuum energy
density can be either positive or negative, depending on the values of the
parameters and the distance from the string. The topological contributions
in the VEV of the energy-momentum tensor vanish on the AdS boundary. Near
the string the effects of compactification and gravitational field are weak
and the leading term in the asymptotic expansion coincides with the
corresponding VEV in (4+1)-dimensional Minkowski spacetime. At large
distances, the decay of the cosmic string induced contribution in the vacuum
energy-momentum tensor, as a function of the proper distance from the
string, follows a power law. For a cosmic string in the Minkowski bulk and
for massive fields the corresponding fall off is exponential. Within the
framework of the AdS/CFT correspondence, the geometry for conformal field
theory on the AdS boundary corresponds to the standard cosmic string in
(3+1)-dimensional Minkowski spacetime compactified along its axis.
Potential reconstruction from general power spectrum in single-field inflation
Authors: Choi Ki-Young , Gong Jinn-Ouk , Kang Su-beom , Nath Raveendran Rathul 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We suggest a new method to reconstruct, within canonical single-field inflation, the inflaton potential directly from the primordial power spectrum which may deviate significantly from near scale-invariance. Our approach relies on a more generalized slow-roll approximation than the standard one, and can probe the properties of the inflaton potential reliably. We give a few examples for reconstructing potential and discuss the validity of our method.
Energy reconstruction in a liquid argon calorimeter cell using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Polson L. , Kurchaninov L. , Lefebvre M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The liquid argon ionization current in a sampling calorimeter cell can be analyzed to determine the energy of detected particles. In practice, experimental artifacts such as pileup and electronic noise make the inference of energy from current a difficult process. The beam intensity of the Large Hadron Collider will be significantly increased during the Phase-II long shut-down of 2025–2027. Signal processing techniques that are used to extract the energy of detected particles in the ATLAS detector will suffer a significant loss in performance under these conditions. This paper compares the presently used optimal filter technique to convolutional neural networks for energy reconstruction in the ATLAS liquid argon hadronic end cap calorimeter. In particular, it is shown that convolutional neural networks trained with an appropriately tuned and novel loss function are able to outperform the optimal filter technique.
MAGIS-100 environmental characterization and noise analysis
Authors: Mitchell J. , Kovachy T. , Hahn S. , Adamson P. , Chattopadhyay S. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We investigate and analyze site specific systematics for the MAGIS-100 atomic interferometry experiment at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. As atom interferometers move out of the laboratory environment passive and active mitigation for noise sources must be implemented. To inform the research and development of the experiment design, we measure ambient temperature, humidity, and vibrations of the installation site. We find that temperature fluctuations will necessitate enclosures for critical subsystems and a temperature controlled laser room for the laser system. We also measure and analyze the vibration spectrum above and below ground for the installation site. The seismic vibration effect of gravity gradient noise is also modeled using input from a low-noise seismometer at multiple locations and a mitigation scheme is studied using a stochastic simulation and characterized by a suppression factor.
Associations between air pollution and psychiatric symptoms in the Normative Aging Study
Authors: Qiu Xinye , Danesh-Yazdi Mahdieh , Weisskopf Marc , Kosheleva Anna , Spiro Avron , Wang Cuicui , Coull Brent A , Koutrakis Petros , Schwartz Joel D 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Environmental risk factors for psychiatric health are poorly identified. We examined the association between air pollution and psychiatric symptoms, which are often precursors to the development of psychiatric disorders. This study included 570 participants in the US Veterans Administration (VA) Normative Aging Study (NAS) and 1114 visits (defined as an onsite follow-up at the VA with physical examination and questionnaires) from 2000 to 2014 with information on the brief symptom inventory (BSI) to assess their psychiatric symptom levels. Differences in the three BSI global measures (global severity index (GSI), positive symptom distress index (PSDI) and positive symptom total (PST)) were reported per interquartile (IQR) increase of residential address-specific air pollutants levels (fine particulate matter—PM2.5, ozone—O3, nitrogen dioxide—NO2) at averages of one week, four weeks, eight weeks and one year prior to the visit, using generalized additive mixed effects models. We also evaluated modification by neighborhood factors. On average, among the NAS sample (average age: 72.4 years (standard deviation: 6.7 years)), an IQR increase in one and four week averages of NO2 before a visit was associated with a PSDI T score (indicator for psychiatric symptom intensity) increase of 1.60 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.31, 2.89), 1.71 (95% CI: 0.18, 3.23), respectively. Similarly, for each IQR increase in one and four week averages of ozone before a visit, the PSDI T-score increased by 1.66 (95% CI: 0.68, 2.65), and 1.36 (95% CI: 0.23, 2.49), respectively. Stronger associations were observed for ozone and PSDI in low house-value and low household income areas. No associations were found for PM2.5. Exposure to gaseous air pollutants was associated with a higher intensity of psychiatric symptoms among a cohort of older men, particularly in communities with lower socio-economic or housing conditions.