bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water use and management practices on U.S. golf courses
Authors: Shaddox Travis W. , Unruh J. Bryan , Johnson Mark E. , Brown Clark D. , Stacey Greg 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMeasuring water use on U.S. golf courses is an essential component of measuring best management practice adoption. To provide timely and meaningful education regarding current water use, continued measurement of golf course water use is necessary. The objective of this study was to assess the current water use and related management practices on U.S. golf courses in 2020. A survey was developed and distributed electronically to 14,145 U.S. golf courses with 11% responding. Since the initial survey conducted in 2005, water applied as irrigation to U.S. golf courses declined by 29% from 2.38 to 1.69 million acre‐ft. Factors contributing to this decline include a 12% reduction in golf facilities and a 25% reduction in water applied per acre since 2005. Reductions in water applied per acre were also measured in most regions except in the Southwest region, where an increase in water applied per acre was reported, which was probably a result of the increased stress the turfgrass may have experienced under the reduced precipitation and increased heat in the Southwest region. The responses indicate that golf course superintendents continue to use management practices associated with efficient water use. The use of technologies such as handheld moisture meters and drought‐tolerant turfgrass has increased since 2013, indicating that golf superintendents are receptive to using both new and traditional technologies to reduce water use.
Two Tags in One Probe: Combining Fluorescence‐ and Biotin‐based Detection of the Trypanosomal Cysteine Protease Rhodesain
Authors: Lemke Carina , Jílková Adéla , Ferber Dominic , Braune Annett , On Anja , Johe Patrick , Zíková Alena , Schirmeister Tanja , Mareš Michael , Horn Martin , Gütschow Michael 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRhodesain is the major cysteine protease of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei and a therapeutic target for sleeping sickness, a fatal neglected tropical disease. We designed, synthesized and characterized a bimodal activity‐based probe that binds to and inactivates rhodesain. This probe exhibited an irreversible mode of action and extraordinary potency for the target protease with a kinac/Ki value of 37,000 M−1s−1. Two reporter tags, a fluorescent coumarin moiety and a biotin affinity label, were incorporated into the probe and enabled highly sensitive detection of rhodesain in a complex proteome by in‐gel fluorescence and on‐blot chemiluminescence. Furthermore, the probe was employed for microseparation and quantification of rhodesain and for inhibitor screening using a competition assay. The developed bimodal rhodesain probe represents a new proteomic tool for studying Trypanosoma pathobiochemistry and antitrypanosomal drug discovery.
Cardiac events among patients with sarcoma treated with doxorubicin by method of infusion: A real‐world database study
Authors: Cranmer Lee D. , Hess Lisa M. , Sugihara Tomoko , Muntz Howard G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdministration of doxorubicin by continuous intravenous (CIV) infusion, versus bolus (BOL) administration, has been proposed to mitigate the risk of cardiac events. This study used real‐world data to explore the association between mode of doxorubicin administration and duration of treatment, time‐to‐treatment failure (TTF), and cardiac events.MethodsOccurrence of cardiac events after initiation of BOL versus CIV doxorubicin for sarcoma in the International Business Machines MarketScan claims database were compared. Duration of doxorubicin treatment, TTF, and time‐to‐first‐cardiac event (TCE) were evaluated using Kaplan–Meier method and unadjusted and adjusted Cox regression models.ResultsA total of 196 patients were included in the BOL group and 399 in the CIV group. In unadjusted analyses, there were significant differences between BOL versus CIV for duration of doxorubicin treatment (median 1.4 vs. 2.1 months, p = .002), TTF (median 8.8 vs. 5.6 months, p = .002), and TCE (medians not reached, p = .03). Adjusting for baseline covariates, only TTF remained significant (hazard ratio: 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.59–0.86, p = .0004), favoring BOL.ConclusionsWhile the risk of cardiac complications was higher with BOL in unadjusted analysis, the risk was no longer present in the adjusted analysis. While we cannot draw causal inferences due to the retrospective, nonrandomized study design, these data suggest that replacing BOL with prolonged CIV administration has not been effective as a strategy to mitigate cardiac events, given community standards of oncologic practice.
Visualization of profiling and tracing in CPU‐GPU programs
Authors: Fiorini Arnaud , Dagenais Michel R. 
Published: July 2022

SummaryAs the complexity of the toolchain increases for heterogeneous CPU‐GPU systems, the needs for comprehensive tracing and debugging tools also grows. Heterogeneous platforms bring new possibilities but also new performance issues that are hard to detect. Some techniques that were used on CPU programs are now adapted to GPUs. However, there are some concepts specific to GPUs, like SIMD processing, and the effects of the close interactions between the CPUs and the GPUs, with shared virtual memory and user‐level queues. Multiple sources of data need to be extracted and correlated to obtain a more global view of the performance. In this article, we introduce a novel approach for measuring and visualizing performance defects inside CPU‐GPU programs by combining kernel events, compute kernel events, user API calls and memory transfers. We created two new views that combine this information, to help provide a global view. This framework uses the open source user queue system described in the HSA standard. It can easily be adapted to any user queue system for heterogeneous computing devices. We compare this framework with current existing tools and test it against the Rodinia benchmark. We look at how the execution behavior affects the tracing and profiling overhead and we use Trace Compass to visualize the resulting trace.
Science gateway adoption using plug‐in middleware for evidence‐based healthcare data management
Authors: Oruche Roland , Milman Eric , Lemus Alarcon Mauro , Cheng Xiyao , Pandey Ashish , Wang Songjie , Calyam Prasad , Kee Kerk 
Published: July 2022

SummaryThere is a growing need for next‐generation science gateways to increase the accessibility of emerging large‐scale datasets for data consumers (e.g., clinicians, researchers) who aim to combat COVID‐19‐related challenges. Such science gateways that enable access to distributed computing resources for large‐scale data management need to be made more programmable, extensible, and scalable. In this article, we propose a novel socio‐technical approach for developing a next‐generation healthcare science gateway, namely,OnTimeEvidencethat addresses data consumer challenges surrounding the COVID‐19 pandemic related data analytics. OnTimeEvidence implements an intelligent agent, namely,Vidura Advisorthat integrates an evidence‐based filtering method to transform manual practices and improve scalability of data analytics. It also features a plug‐in management middleware that improves the programmability and extensibility of the science gateway capabilities using microservices. Lastly, we present a usability study that shows the important factors from data consumers' perspective to adopt OnTimeEvidence with chatbot‐assisted middleware support to increase their productivity and collaborations to access vast publication archives for rapid knowledge discovery tasks.
Comparison of Nitrogen Activation on Trinuclear Niobium and Tungsten Sulfide Clusters Nb3Sn and W3Sn (n=0–3): A DFT Study
Authors: Gurti Joseph Israel , Ding Xun‐Lei , Wang Ya−Ya , Chen Yan , Li Wei , Wang Xin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by Prof. Xun‐Lei Ding's group at North China Electric Power University (NCEPU). The image shows the cleavage of the triple bond of a dinitrogen molecule on trinuclear metal clusters with sulfide ligands, which is the critical step in nitrogen reduction reactions (NRR). Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cphc.202200124.
Synthesis and Photochemical Investigation of Tetraacylgermanes
Authors: Haslinger Carola , Leutgeb Lukas P. , Haas Michael , Baudis Stefan , Liska Robert 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTetraacylgermanes are auspicious candidates for additive manufacturing (such as lithography based ceramic manufacturing), as they are known to show high reactivity towards (meth)acrylates and absorption at wavelengths above 460 nm. We synthesized two novel tetraacylgermanes and investigated the reactivity of these compounds with methoxy groups in the ortho position of the aromatic moiety by comparing them both to reference substances lacking this substitution pattern and to the commercial benchmark Ivocerin®. In order to rationally assess the performance of these photoinitiators, steady‐state photolysis (SSP) experiments and RT‐FTIR photorheology measurements were performed. Comparable strong absorption in the long wavelength region and high photoreactivity has been found for the new initiators.
Metabolic study of hypoxia‐inducible factor stabilizers BAY 87‐2243, MK‐8617, and PT‐2385 in equine liver microsomes for doping control
Authors: Philip Moses , Karakka Kal Abdul Khader , Mathew Binoy , Subhahar Michael Benedict , Karatt Tajudheen K. , Perwad Zubair 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA number of erythropoiesis stimulants are entering the final stage of clinical trials due to recent scientific progress in hypoxia‐regulated erythropoiesis. Considering how erythropoiesis‐stimulating compounds enhance the capacity of the organism to transport oxygen, they pose a great risk of being misused as performance enhancers. In this paper, we report the metabolic fate of three popular hypoxia‐inducible factor‐prolyl hydroxylase Inhibitors (HIF‐PHI) compounds, namely, BAY 87‐2243, MK‐8617, and PT‐2385 in equine liver microsomes using Q‐Exactive high‐resolution mass spectrometry. This study found 22 metabolites for BAY 87‐2243 (19 phase I and three phase II), three metabolites for MK‐8617 (all phase I), and five metabolites for PT‐2385 (two phase I and three phase II). The major findings of the present study are as follows: (1) all three potential HIF‐PHI drug candidates, namely, BAY 87‐2243, MK‐8617, and PT‐2385 are susceptible to oxidation, producing their corresponding hydroxylated metabolites; (2) the ring dissociated metabolites were detected for BAY 87‐2243 and PT‐2385; (3) in the case of BAY 87‐2243 and PT‐2385, glucuronic acid conjugated metabolites were detected; and (4) none of the drugs produced sulfonic acid conjugated metabolites.
Feasibility and acceptability of video‐based microinterventions for eating disorder prevention among adolescents in secondary schools
Authors: Kristoffersen Mhairi , Johnson Catherine , Atkinson Melissa J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveEating disorders (EDs) often emerge in late adolescence. Schools are ideal settings for prevention programs; however, cost and time limit implementation. Microinterventions may overcome these challenges. This study adapted two microinterventions (cognitive dissonance, self‐compassion) and assessed feasibility and acceptability among mid‐adolescents to provide proof‐of‐concept for further investigation.MethodFeedback from staff (n = 5) and student (n = 15) focus groups contributed iteratively to the adaptation of intervention materials. Students in Grade 10 and 11 (N = 101, Mage = 15.80, SD = 0.68) were then randomly allocated by class to a 20‐min video‐based cognitive‐dissonance or self‐compassion intervention, accessed on their school devices. ED risk and protective factors were assessed at baseline, immediate postintervention (state outcomes), and 1‐week follow‐up (trait outcomes). Acceptability items were included at both timepoints.ResultsImplementation was deemed feasible. Girls generally reported greater acceptability than boys. Among girls, the self‐compassion intervention demonstrated greater acceptability. Among boys, some aspects of acceptability (e.g., lesson endorsement, utilization of techniques) were rated higher in the cognitive dissonance group whereas other aspects (e.g., understanding, interest) were greater in the self‐compassion group. All groups exhibited favorable changes in most state outcomes, however trait outcome change was varied.DiscussionMicrointerventions provide a feasible way of implementing prevention strategies in a time‐poor educational context. Future large‐scale evaluation is warranted to determine efficacy, following modifications based on current findings.Public SignificanceThis study shows promising feasibility and acceptability of two brief, self‐guided video‐based lessons (microinterventions) for adolescents in school classrooms, that use psychological techniques to target appearance pressures as a key risk factor for eating disorders. Such interventions are easier to implement in school settings than longer, facilitator‐led interventions, to encourage greater uptake and ongoing use. Findings support further research to evaluate effectiveness, to ultimately provide accessible and gender‐inclusive tools for busy schools.
The world's largest omnivore is a fish
Authors: Meekan M. G. , Virtue P. , Marcus L. , Clements K. D. , Nichols P. D. , Revill A. T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe evolution of very large body size requires a ubiquitous and abundant source of food. In marine environments, the largest animals such as whale sharks are secondary consumers that filter feed on nekton, which is plentiful, although patchy. Consequently, feeding in coastal environments requires cost‐efficient foraging that focuses on oceanographic features that aggregate both nektonic prey and marine debris such as floating macroalgae. Consumption of this algae could present an energetic challenge for these animals, unless some component can be digested. Here, we use a multi‐technique approach involving amino acid compound‐specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) and fatty acid analysis to determine the trophic level of whale sharks and to identify likely items in the diet. CSIA analyses showed that the species has a trophic level consistent with omnivory. Fatty acid profiles of whale shark tissues, feces and potential prey items suggest that the floating macroalgae, Sargassum, and its associated epibionts is a significant source of food. Although this overcomes the energetic challenge of consumption of floating algae, this mode of feeding and the need to focus on oceanographic features that aggregate prey also increases the threat to the species posed by pollutants such as plastic.
Clinical effect of obesity on N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide cut‐off concentrations for the diagnosis of acute heart failure
Authors: Kozhuharov Nikola , Martin Jasmin , Wussler Desiree , Lopez‐Ayala Pedro , Belkin Maria , Strebel Ivo , Flores Dayana , Diebold Matthias , Shrestha Samyut , Nowak Albina , Gualandro Danielle M. , Michou Eleni , Zimmermann Tobias , Rentsch Katharina , von Eckardstein Arnold , Keller Dagmar I. , Breidthardt Tobias , Mueller Christian ,   BASEL V Investigators
Published: July 2022

AimsObese patients have lower natriuretic peptide concentrations. We hypothesized that adjusting the concentration of N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) for obesity could further increase its clinical utility in the early diagnosis of acute heart failure (AHF).Methods and resultsThis hypothesis was tested in a prospective diagnostic study enrolling unselected patients presenting to the emergency department with acute dyspnoea. Two independent cardiologists/internists centrally adjudicated the final diagnosis using all individual patient information including cardiac imaging. NT‐proBNP plasma concentrations were applied: first, using currently recommended cut‐offs; second, using cut‐offs lowered by 33% with body mass index (BMI) of 30–34.9 kg/m2 and by 50% with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2. Among 2038 patients, 509 (25%) were obese, of which 271 (53%) had AHF. The diagnostic accuracy of NT‐proBNP as quantified by the area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve was lower in obese versus non‐obese patients (0.890 vs. 0.938). For rapid AHF rule‐out in obese patients, the currently recommended cut‐off of 300 pg/ml achieved a sensitivity of 96.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 93.8–98.2%), ruling out 29% of patients and missing 9 AHF patients. For rapid AHF rule‐in, the age‐dependent cut‐off concentrations (age <50 years: 450 pg/ml; age 50–75 years: 900 pg/ml; age >75 years: 1800 pg/ml) achieved a specificity of 84.9% (95% CI 79.8–88.9%). Proportionally lowering the currently recommended cut‐offs by BMI increased sensitivity to 98.2% (95% CI 95.8–99.2%), missing 5 AHF patients; reduced the proportion of AHF patients remaining in the ‘gray zone’ (48% vs. 26%; p = 0.002), achieving a specificity of 76.5% (95% CI 70.7–81.4%).ConclusionsAdjusting NT‐proBNP concentrations for obesity seems to further increase its clinical utility in the early diagnosis of AHF.
Use of guideline‐recommended medical therapy in patients with heart failure and chronic kidney disease: from physician's prescriptions to patient's dispensations, medication adherence and persistence
Authors: Janse Roemer J. , Fu Edouard L. , Dahlström Ulf , Benson Lina , Lindholm Bengt , van Diepen Merel , Dekker Friedo W. , Lund Lars H. , Carrero Juan‐Jesus , Savarese Gianluigi 
Published: July 2022

AimHalf of heart failure (HF) patients have chronic kidney disease (CKD) complicating their pharmacological management. We evaluated physicians' and patients' patterns of use of evidence‐based medical therapies in HF across CKD stages.Methods and resultsWe studied HF patients with reduced (HFrEF) and mildly reduced (HFmrEF) ejection fraction enrolled in the Swedish Heart Failure Registry in 2009–2018. We investigated the likelihood of physicians to prescribe guideline‐recommended therapies to patients with CKD, and of patients to fill the prescriptions within 90 days of incident HF (initiating therapy), to adhere (proportion of days covered ≥80%) and persist (continued use) on these treatments during the first year of therapy. We identified 31 668 patients with HFrEF (median age 74 years, 46% CKD). The proportions receiving a prescription for angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers/angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitors (ACEi/ARB/ARNi) were 96%, 92%, 86%, and 68%, for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥60, 45–59, 30–44, and <30 ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively; for beta‐blockers 94%, 93%, 92%, and 92%, for mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) 45%, 44%, 37%, 24%; and for triple therapy (combination of ACEi/ARB/ARNi + beta‐blockers + MRA) 38%, 35%, 28%, and 15%. Patients with CKD were less likely to initiate these medications, and less likely to adhere to and persist on ACEi/ARB/ARNi, MRA, and triple therapy. Among stoppers, CKD patients were less likely to restart these medications. Results were consistent after multivariable adjustment and in patients with HFmrEF (n = 15 114).ConclusionsPatients with HF and CKD are less likely to be prescribed and to fill prescriptions for evidence‐based therapies, showing lower adherence and persistence, even at eGFR categories where these therapies are recommended and have shown efficacy in clinical trials.
Research on the feasibility of polyethylene terephthalate foam used in wind turbine blades
Authors: Liu Haiming , Antwi‐Afari Maxwell Fordjour , Mi Haoyang , Liu Chuntai 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe sandwich foam materials of wind turbine blades are mainly polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and styrene–acrylonitrile (SAN) foams due to their good mechanical properties. However, PVC foam is unrecyclable and not resistant to high‐temperature conditions, while SAN foam is more expensive than PVC foam. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has irreplaceable advantages than both PVC and SAN foams because of its better mechanical performance, fantastic heat‐resistant, low cost, and environmental friendliness (100% recyclability). In this article, the mechanical properties, thermal stability, resin uptake, and cellular morphology of PET T92, PVC H60, and SAN T400 foams were discussed. The results showed that the mechanical properties of T92 were equivalent to the existing H60 and T400, and even exceed their properties. It was found that the thermal stability of T92 was better than H60 and T400 under the same high temperature. Moreover, the pore of T92 was more uniform and regular than H60 and T400. Furthermore, the overall cost of T92 was lower than H60 and T400. The findings suggest that PET foam with a density of 100 kg/m3 can completely replace PVC 60 kg/m3 and SAN 71 kg/m3 foams from the perspective of mechanical performance, cost, thermal stability, and environmental protection.
Prioritizing Pharmaceutical Contaminants in Great Lakes Tributaries Using Risk-Based Screening Techniques
Authors: Pronschinske Matthew A. , Corsi Steven R. , DeCicco Laura A. , Furlong Edward T. , Ankley Gerald T. , Blackwell Brett R. , Villeneuve Daniel L. , Lenaker Peter L. , Nott Michelle A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In a study of 44 diverse sampling sites across 16 Great Lakes tributaries, 110 pharmaceuticals were detected of 257 monitored. The present study evaluated the ecological relevance of detected chemicals and identified heavily impacted areas to help inform resource managers and guide future investigations. Ten pharmaceuticals (caffeine, nicotine, albuterol, sulfamethoxazole, venlafaxine, acetaminophen, carbamazepine, gemfibrozil, metoprolol, and thiabendazole) were distinguished as having the greatest potential for biological effects based on comparison to screening-level benchmarks derived using information from two biological effects databases, the ECOTOX Knowledgebase and the ToxCast database. Available evidence did not suggest substantial concern for 75% of the monitored pharmaceuticals, including 147 undetected pharmaceuticals and 49 pharmaceuticals with screening-level alternative benchmarks. However, because of a lack of biological effects information, screening values were not available for 51 detected pharmaceuticals. Samples containing the greatest pharmaceutical concentrations and having the highest detection frequencies were from Lake Erie, southern Lake Michigan, and Lake Huron tributaries. Samples collected during low-flow periods had higher pharmaceutical concentrations than those collected during increased-flow periods. The wastewater-treatment plant effluent content in streams correlated positively with pharmaceutical concentrations. However, deviation from this correlation demonstrated that secondary factors, such as multiple pharmaceutical sources, were likely present at some sites. Further research could investigate high-priority pharmaceuticals as well as those for which alternative benchmarks could not be developed. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2221–2239. Published 2022. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.