bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sodium Aluminate Activation of Non-ferrous Waste Foundry Sand: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Sithole N.T , Magage B 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of sodium aluminate activation of nonferrous waste foundry sand. The aim was to solidify nonferrous foundry sand via geopolymerisation into useful civil engineering materials. Green foundry sand was mixed with sodium aluminate to make a paste which was filled into 50 × 50 × 50 mm3 mold. The mixture was cured in an oven for 5 days. The concentration of sodium aluminate, granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) : waste foundry sand (WFS) ratio, liquid to solid ratio (L/S) and temperature were varied respectively to establish the optimum curing conditions. The results indicated that sodium aluminate has a high potential to be used as an alkaline activator in the synthesis of WFS geopolymers. The geopolymer prepared with 6 M sodium aluminate yielded the highest UCS of 3.59 MPa after curing for 5 days which did not meet the minimum requirements for ASTM C34-13, C129-14a and South African standard (SANS227: 2007). The addition of GBFS in the WFS geopolymer mix design enhanced the mechanical strength of WFS geopolymers. The GBFS modified WFS geopolymer prepared with 50% GBFS, 4M sodium aluminate, L/S ratio of 0.15 and cured at 80°C yielded the highest UCS of 10.57 MPa. The GBFS modified WFS geopolymer met the minimum requirements for ASTM C34-13, C129-14a and South African standard (SANS227: 2007). The results also show a, high potential ability to valorise WFS and GBFS reduce building material problems, while also providing the building and construction industry with a useful and inexpensive new raw material with less CO2 emissions.
Increasing Efficiency of Solar Panels via Photovoltaic Materials
Authors: Younas T , Khan U A , Zaidi S M F H , Khalid M H 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo adequately use the existed resources and to find optimize and sustainable solution to the current resources is one of the most preponderant Sustainable Energy goal. The solar energy industry is one of the fastest-growing forces in the recent market due to the increase in demand for clean energy. Nowadays several materials are being used in solar technology. Photovoltaic Materials are responsible for converting a photon into electrical energy and are the basis of solar technology. Photovoltaic materials are different in terms of their availability, composition, efficiency, operation, and application. This paper will not only provide us with the comparison between Thin Film Solar Cells (Cadmium telluride), Perovskite Solar cells and Dye-Sensitized Solar cells, but also will help us to identify the appropriate photovoltaic material based solar cells based on applications, efficiency, cost, liability and stability for solar panels.
Wind Action Effects on Heliostat – CFD and FEM Study
Authors: Mahfoud O , Danane F , Debbache M , Karoua H , Takilalte A , Bouaichaoui S 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Heliostats account for 45% of the total cost of a solar power tower, so optimizing their structural is critical to overall plant viability. Static wind charging of heliostats, as well as forces and moments applied by steady wind in any weather, has a high impact on the heliostat components design. For the reason that wind tunnel testing is expensive and the profile of flow field is difficult to obtain, numerical wind tunnel was used to study the wind load of the heliostat by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method and a (FEM) method. A 3D simulation has been performed for the Algerian climate, to evaluate this effect at different configurations of the heliostat. This paper provides details about the mesh generation method applied to complex projects under different working conditions. The effects of wind direction, azimuth and elevation angles on the wind pressure distribution are summarized. The coefficients of drag, lift and moment under diverse operating conditions were calculated. The CFD models of the wind around the heliostat are validated to the theoretical and experimental data.
SLC19A1 Genetic Variation Leads to Altered Thiamine Diphosphate Transport: Implications for the Risk of Developing Wernicke–Korsakoff’s Syndrome
Authors: O’Brien Niamh L , Quadri Giorgia , Lightley Iain , Sharp Sally I , Guerrini Irene , Smith Iain , Heydtmann Mathis , Morgan Marsha Y , Thomson Allan D , Bass Nicholas J , McHugh Patrick C , McQuillin Andrew 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) is commonly associated with chronic alcohol misuse, a condition known to have multiple detrimental effects on thiamine metabolism. This study was conducted to identify genetic variants that may contribute to the development of WKS in individuals with alcohol dependence syndrome through alteration of thiamine transport into cells.

Methods
Exome sequencing data from a panel of genes related to alcohol metabolism and thiamine pathways were analysed in a discovery cohort of 29 individuals with WKS to identify possible genetic risk variants associated with its development. Variant frequencies in this discovery cohort were compared with European frequencies in the Genome Aggregation Database browser, and those present at significantly higher frequencies were genotyped in an additional cohort of 87 alcohol-dependent cases with WKS and 197 alcohol-dependent cognitively intact controls.

Results
Thirty non-synonymous variants were identified in the discovery cohort and, after filtering, 23 were taken forward and genotyped in the case–control cohort. Of these SLC19A1:rs1051266:G was nominally associated with WKS. SLC19A1 encodes the reduced folate carrier, a major transporter for physiological folate in plasma; rs1051266 is reported to impact folate transport. Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) efflux was significantly decreased in HEK293 cells, stably transfected with rs1051266:G, under thiamine deficient conditions when compared with the efflux from cells transfected with rs1051266:A (P = 5.7 × 10−11).

Conclusion
This study provides evidence for the role of genetic variation in the SLC19A1 gene, which may contribute to the development of WKS in vivo through modulation of TPP transport in cells.
Brazilian Butt Lift–Associated Mortality: The South Florida Experience
Authors: Pazmiño Pat , Garcia Onelio 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Brazilian butt lift (BBL) surgery has been the fastest growing aesthetic surgical procedure over the past decade. By 2017, the risk of death from pulmonary fat (PFE) was identified, earning the BBL the highest mortality rate of any aesthetic surgical procedure. South Florida carries the highest BBL mortality by far in the nation.

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to explore the factors involved in making South Florida an outlier in terms of BBL mortality.

Methods
The anatomic findings of the gluteal dissections from 11 post-BBL surgery autopsies (22 hemibuttocks) were assessed for commonalities. The public records of patients who died from BBL-related fat emboli were examined to determine commonalities.

Results
All BBL PFE cases had fat grafts injected into the gluteal musculature in multiple different levels. Another commonality involved the location where the surgery took place, with the great majority of patients (92%) undergoing surgery at high-volume, budget clinics located in South Florida. Short surgical times of approximately 90 minutes appeared to be the norm for these cases.

Conclusions
South Florida has experienced 25 BBL-related fat emboli deaths between 2010 and 2022; however, 14 of these occurred after publication of the Aesthetic Surgery Education and Research Foundation's 2018 guidelines and the 2019 Florida Board of Medicine's BBL “subcutaneous-only” rule. The working environment at the clinics, and the short surgical times for these cases, may be the most important contributors to the BBL mortality in South Florida.
Ultrasound-Guided Targeted vs Regional Flooding: A Comparative Study for Improving the Clinical Outcome in Soft Tissue Filler Vascular Adverse Event Management
Authors: Schelke Leonie W , Velthuis Peter J , Decates Tom , Kadouch Jonathan , Alfertshofer Michael , Frank Konstantin , Cotofana Sebastian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Adverse vascular event management following hyaluronic acid–based aesthetic injections relies on the administration of hyaluronidase which is capable of enzymatically degrading the injected product and improving clinical symptoms. Two protocols are currently available to manage such complications: “ultrasound-guided targeted” and “flooding”.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to compare the 2 protocols in terms of the volume of hyaluronidase utilized, and the onset and degree of clinical improvement.

Methods
A comparative case series of 39 patients was retrospectively evaluated. The patients were initially treated with the “flooding” protocol and then treated with the “ultrasound-guided targeted” protocol due to no or little improvement.

Results
The “ultrasound-guided targeted” protocol utilized a mean [standard deviation] total of 122.5 [34] IU of hyaluronidase, whereas the “flooding” protocol utilized 1519.4 [1137] IU, which represents a statistically significant reduced amount of injected hyaluronidase (P = 0.028). There was no clinical improvement in 92.3% and only little improvement in 7.7% of the treated patients following the first applied “flooding” protocol, but there was a 100% immediate improvement when subsequently treated with the “ultrasound-guided targeted” protocol. Ultrasound imaging revealed that the application of hyaluronidase restored normal blood flow both in the perivascular space and in the superficially located subdermal soft tissues.

Conclusions
Despite its limitations in study design, this retrospectively evaluated case series revealed that the “ultrasound-guided targeted” protocol utilized less hyaluronidase and restored clinically visible symptoms faster. The effect of this protocol is best explained by the perforasome concept which will need to be investigated further in future studies.

Level of Evidence: 4
Penalized decomposition using residuals (PeDecURe) for feature extraction in the presence of nuisance variables
Authors: Weinstein Sarah M , Davatzikos Christos , Doshi Jimit , Linn Kristin A , Shinohara Russell T ,   For the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: August 2022

Summary
Neuroimaging data are an increasingly important part of etiological studies of neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, mitigating the influence of nuisance variables, including confounders, remains a challenge in image analysis. In studies of Alzheimer’s disease, for example, an imbalance in disease rates by age and sex may make it difficult to distinguish between structural patterns in the brain (as measured by neuroimaging scans) attributable to disease progression and those characteristic of typical human aging or sex differences. Concerningly, when not properly accounted for, nuisance variables pose threats to the generalizability and interpretability of findings from these studies. Motivated by this critical issue, in this work, we examine the impact of nuisance variables on feature extraction methods and propose Penalized Decomposition Using Residuals (PeDecURe), a new method for obtaining nuisance variable-adjusted features. PeDecURe estimates primary directions of variation which maximize covariance between partially residualized imaging features and a variable of interest (e.g., Alzheimer’s diagnosis) while simultaneously mitigating the influence of nuisance variation through a penalty on the covariance between partially residualized imaging features and those variables. Using features derived using PeDecURe’s first direction of variation, we train a highly accurate and generalizable predictive model, as evidenced by its robustness in testing samples with different underlying nuisance variable distributions. We compare PeDecURe to commonly used decomposition methods (principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares) as well as a confounder-adjusted variation of PCA. We find that features derived from PeDecURe offer greater accuracy and generalizability and lower correlations with nuisance variables compared with the other methods. While PeDecURe is primarily motivated by challenges that arise in the analysis of neuroimaging data, it is broadly applicable to data sets with highly correlated features, where novel methods to handle nuisance variables are warranted.
The Structure of Trade-type and Governance-type Organized Crime Groups: A Network Study
Authors: Breuer Niles , Varese Federico 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe paper provides a theoretical framework for categorizing organized crime groups based on what they do – whether they produce, trade or govern – as well as their aims. This paper then tests whether the internal structure of a heroin distribution organization in New York City, a Sicilian mafia group and the Provisional Irish Republican Army differ. Applying Exponential Random Graph Models (ERGMs) methods to network data, we find the organizational structure of trade-type organized crime differs markedly from governance-type, as well as between financially-motivated and politically-motivated groups. Trade-type organized crime and financially-motivated groups display a high level of centralization, an even distribution of clustering values, short paths and low homophily. Governance-type organized crime and politically-motivated groups display the opposite features. We conclude that the core activity and aim of the group are crucial in understanding the organizational structure.
Delay in the initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer with mastectomy with or without immediate breast reconstruction
Authors: Huttunen Tuomas , Leidenius Marjut , Jahkola Tiina , Mattson Johanna , Suominen Sinikka , Meretoja Tuomo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Patients with breast cancer undergoing mastectomy should be offered the option of immediate breast reconstruction (IBR). The aim of this retrospective study was to assess whether there is a delay in the initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients undergoing mastectomy with or without IBR.

Method
The study included patients aged 70 years or younger with clinically node-negative breast cancer who underwent unilateral mastectomy with IBR (IBR group) or mastectomy alone (no-IBR group) followed by adjuvant chemotherapy at the Helsinki University Hospital between January 2012 to July 2018.

Results
A total of 645 patients were included; 186 in the IBR group and 459 in the no-IBR group. Sixty-six (35.5 per cent) patients in the IBR group and 102 (22.2 per cent) patients in the no-IBR group received their first chemotherapy cycle later than 6 weeks after surgery (P &lt; 0.001). The respective numbers for later than 8 weeks were 17 (9.1 per cent) and 14 (3.1 per cent) (P = 0.001). Among all 645 patients, postoperative complications were a significant risk factor for a delay in the initiation of chemotherapy. Sixty-seven (39.9 per cent) patients with and 101 (21.2 per cent) patients without complications had a delay in chemotherapy (P &lt; 0.001). The delay in chemotherapy was due to complications in 39 (59.1 per cent) in the IBR group and in 28 (27.5 per cent) in the no-IBR group (P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
Patients undergoing mastectomy alone were more likely to receive adjuvant chemotherapy within 6 weeks after surgery compared with the IBR patients. IBR significantly increased the risk of postoperative complications in comparison with mastectomy alone. The complications, in turn, were a significant risk factor for delay in adjuvant chemotherapy.
The Indian road to financialisation: a case study of the Indian telecommunication sector
Authors: Bhatia Jai 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article provides an empirically grounded study of financialisation in India and assesses the challenges of theorising financialisation and applying it to developing countries. Drawing on the case study of the Indian telecommunication (telecom) sector, this article then contrasts the characteristics of financialisation in India with those in other developing countries. Using the case study, the key institutions, policies and practices that produce and reproduce financial accumulation in this sector are mapped, detailing how the primary role of finance in the telecom sector has changed from facilitating business to making telecom companies investable financial assets that could be bought and sold for profit. The article shows how the uniqueness of India’s financial system leads to a structure where the state, the public sector banks, the big businesses and the financial markets together play a key role in producing and reproducing financialisation in India.
Available Methods for Benefit-risk Assessment: Lessons for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Drugs
Authors: Caron Bénédicte , D’Amico Ferdinando , Jairath Vipul , Netter Patrick , Danese Silvio , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsMedical treatment for inflammatory bowel disease has advanced significantly over the two past decades. The advent of biologics and small molecules has revolutionised outcomes for patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Knowledge of drug pharmacology, indications, and adverse events is essential to ensure the best clinical care while minimising toxicity. Our aim was to review the literature on current methods of benefit-risk assessment, and consider their practical applicability to inflammatory bowel disease.MethodsA literature search was conducted to investigate studies documenting benefit-risk assessment.ResultsSeveral structured frameworks and quantitative methodologies have been developed to evaluate benefit-risk profiles of drugs in a more comprehensive and consistent framework. Quantitative methods integrate benefit and risk outcome measures or incorporate preference weights for benefit and risk criteria into the evaluation. Incorporation of preference weights from patients is an essential aspect of quantitative benefit-risk assessment. Benefit-risk assessment is still evolving in inflammatory bowel disease.ConclusionsThe risks and benefits of each medical therapy must be discussed with the patient and a shared decision-making process is recommended. Future initiatives should be developed to perform a benefit-risk assessment considering the characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease drugs.
It’s More Than Language: Cultural Adaptation of a Proven Dementia Care Intervention for Hispanic/Latino Caregivers
Authors: Parker Lauren J , Marx Katherine A , Nkimbeng Manka , Johnson Elma , Koeuth Sokha , Gaugler Joseph E , Gitlin Laura N 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlthough Hispanic/Latino older adults are at disproportionate and increased risk for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias, few evidence-based supportive care interventions are specifically developed for or adapted for this population. Adapting a supportive care intervention requires more than Spanish language translation; it necessitates an understanding of cultural nuances and care preferences of Hispanic/Latino families and staff who implement the intervention. This article describes the cultural adaptation of the Adult Day Service Plus intervention for delivery by staff to Hispanic/Latino caregivers, which was guided by the cultural adaptation process model. Also, using the Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications—Enhanced, we discuss (a) when modifications were made, (b) who determined the modifications needed, (c) what aspects of the intervention were modified, (d) the relationship to fidelity and how fidelity was maintained, and (e) reasons for modifications. Modifications to the delivery and content were changed to reflect the values and norms of both the Hispanic/Latino staff and the caregivers they serve. As supportive interventions for caregivers are developed and implemented into real-world settings, inclusion of cultural elements may enhance research participation among Hispanic/Latino provider sites, people living with dementia, and their caregivers. Cultural adaptation is an essential consideration when developing, adapting, and implementing previously tested evidence-based interventions. Cultural adaptation offers an important lens by which to identify contextual factors that influence successful adoption to assure equity in the reach of evidence-based programs.
A machine learning framework for discovery and enrichment of metagenomics metadata from open access publications
Authors: Nassar Maaly , Rogers Alexander B , Talo' Francesco , Sanchez Santiago , Shafique Zunaira , Finn Robert D , McEntyre Johanna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMetagenomics is a culture-independent method for studying the microbes inhabiting a particular environment. Comparing the composition of samples (functionally/taxonomically), either from a longitudinal study or cross-sectional studies, can provide clues into how the microbiota has adapted to the environment. However, a recurring challenge, especially when comparing results between independent studies, is that key metadata about the sample and molecular methods used to extract and sequence the genetic material are often missing from sequence records, making it difficult to account for confounding factors. Nevertheless, these missing metadata may be found in the narrative of publications describing the research. Here, we describe a machine learning framework that automatically extracts essential metadata for a wide range of metagenomics studies from the literature contained in Europe PMC. This framework has enabled the extraction of metadata from 114,099 publications in Europe PMC, including 19,900 publications describing metagenomics studies in European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) and MGnify. Using this framework, a new metagenomics annotations pipeline was developed and integrated into Europe PMC to regularly enrich up-to-date ENA and MGnify metagenomics studies with metadata extracted from research articles. These metadata are now available for researchers to explore and retrieve in the MGnify and Europe PMC websites, as well as Europe PMC annotations API.
Larval dispersal simulations and connectivity predictions for Mediterranean gorgonian species: sensitivity to flow representation and biological traits
Authors: Sciascia Roberta , Guizien Katell , Magaldi Marcello G 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Larval dispersal enables demographic and genetic connectivity among marine populations. For many sessile species, it is the only natural mechanism for resilience after major population disturbances, as those that have been affecting Mediterranean gorgonian species inside and outside Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). Larval dispersal simulation is a powerful tool to anticipate connectivity among populations which might be altered by modelling choices. We assessed how flow representation (resolution and vertical turbulence) and larval traits (pelagic larval duration, release timing and duration, larval vertical behaviour) influenced populations connectivity among five coastal rocky locations in the northwestern Mediterranean, four of them being designated as MPAs. We used a finer (0.3 km) and coarser (1.5 km) flow resolution in two years to assess, using a hierarchical simulation approach, the sensitivity of connectivity patterns to the above parameters. Larval traits corresponded to two gorgonian species, the neutrally buoyant Eunicella singularis and the passive sinker Paramuricea clavata. Ocean model resolution was the most influential factor on resulting connectivity patterns. When using the finer flow model resolution, connectivity patterns were equally influenced by all larval traits while vertical turbulence could be neglected. Hence, advising the design of coastal MPAs with regional connectivity estimates requires adequate flow simulation resolution.