bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐dimensional non‐Newtonian couple stress fluid flow over a permeable stretching surface with nonlinear thermal radiation and heat source effects
Authors: Tarakaramu Nainaru , Satya Narayana Panyam Venkata , Sivajothi Ramalingam , Bhagya Lakshmi Kuresi , Harish Babu Dondu , Venkateswarlu Bhumavarapu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study is a study of three‐dimensional couple stress Casson fluid flow with nonlinear thermal radiation and heat source effects. The convective heat and mass transfer analysis is applied to a porous stretching sheet. In fluid flow direction, a uniform magnetic field can be applied. Using the similarity transformations, nondimensional expressions are achieved. The obtained equations are found numerically via the shooting technique as well as Runge‐Kutta‐Fehlberg method in MATLAB software. The contribution of different physical parameters is explored and discussed. Such parameters are porous parameter, couple stress parameter, heat source parameter, nonlinear thermal radiation, temperature parameter, and Lewis number. We found, the decreasing rate of heat transfer in the case of couple stress fluid motion when comparing Casson fluid flow with various values of and .
Common Discourse: Using Literacy to Advocate for Environmental Issues
Authors: Crowell Caryl , Sulser Tiffany , Teeple Kerry 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this forum, practitioners reflect on their experiences as they respond to the following question: How can we use literacy to advocate for environmental issues? Three educators across elementary, middle school, and college settings describe using multiple literacies to conduct inquiries and create a deeper awareness of sustainability and shared responsibility toward a more sustainable future.
Aggregate credit supply and debt structure
Authors: Donato James 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHow do fluctuations in aggregate credit supply impact debt structure? In order to capture credit supply, I use six proxies to gauge how debt structure changes under different lending conditions. My results show that periods of expansionary credit are associated with debt concentration, a decrease in the number of bank loan lenders, an increase in the probability of repeat lenders, and an increase in the probability of repeat lead arrangers for firms. However, I argue that this phenomenon is dependent on the riskiness of the firm. Better quality firms choose to concentrate debt structure when supply is abundant whereas low‐quality firms may have little or no choice. I hypothesize that firms concentrate debt structure as a way to enhance negotiating leverage over creditors and increase the value of their strategic default option.
Exosomal circular RNA hsa_circ_0006220, and hsa_circ_0001666 as biomarkers in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Hong Lu , Xu Liu , Jin Lufei , Xu Kaiwei , Tang Weiwei , Zhu Yuchao , Qiu Xuedan , Wang Jianhua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumor of the digestive system.ObjectiveExosomal circular RNA can be used as a biomarker for the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.MethodsThe expression of various differentially expressed circRNAs in pancreatic cancer tissues was analyzed by gene chip, exosome expression was verified by electron microscopy and Western blotting, and the expression of exosomal circRNA in pancreatic cancer cells, tissues, and plasma were determined by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR).ResultsCompared with healthy controls, hsa_circ_0006220 and hsa_circ_0001666 were highly expressed in exosomes in the plasma of pancreatic cancer patients. The AUC values were 0.7817 for hsa_circ_0006220, 0.8062 for hsa_circ_0001666, and 0.884 for the combined diagnosis. In addition, clinicopathological features revealed that the expression of hsa_circ_0006220 in plasma exosomes from pancreatic cancer patients was associated with CA19‐9 levels (p = 0.0001) and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.0005). The expression of hsa_circ_0001666 was correlated with both tumor size (p = 0.0157) and CA19‐9 level (p = 0.0001).ConclusionsThe high expression of exosomal hsa_circ_0001666 and hsa_circ_0006220 suggests that these can be used as new biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Handgrip strength and all‐cause dementia incidence and mortality: findings from the UK Biobank prospective cohort study
Authors: Esteban‐Cornejo Irene , Ho Frederick K. , Petermann‐Rocha Fanny , Lyall Donald M. , Martinez‐Gomez David , Cabanas‐Sánchez Verónica , Ortega Francisco B. , Hillman Charles H. , Gill Jason M.R. , Quinn Terence J. , Sattar Naveed , Pell Jill P. , Gray Stuart R. , Celis‐Morales Carlos 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the associations of grip strength with incidence and mortality from dementia and whether these associations differ by sociodemographic and lifestyle factors.MethodsA total of 466 788 participants of the UK Biobank (median age 56.5 years, 54.5% women). The outcome was all‐cause dementia incidence and mortality and the exposure was grip strength. Grip strength was assessed using a Jamar J00105 hydraulic hand dynamometer.ResultsExcluding the first 2 years of follow‐up (landmark analysis), mean follow‐up was 9.1 years (inter‐quartile range: 8.3; 9.7) for incidence and 9.3 (inter‐quartile range: 8.7; 10.0) for mortality. During this time, 4087 participants developed dementia, and 1309 died from it. Lower grip strength was associated with a higher risk of dementia incidence and mortality independent of major confounding factors (P < 0.001). Individuals in the lowest quintile of grip strength had 72% [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.55; 1.92] higher incident dementia risk and 87% [95% CI: 1.55; 2.26] higher risk of dementia mortality compared with those in the highest quintile. Our PAF analyses indicate that 30.1% of dementia cases and 32.3% of dementia deaths are attributable to having low grip strength. The association between grip strength and dementia outcomes did not differ by lifestyle or sociodemographic factors.ConclusionsLower grip strength was associated with a higher risk of all‐cause dementia incidence and mortality, independently of important confounding factors.
Empathy experiences of Japanese certified genetic counselors: A qualitative investigation and proposed framework
Authors: Tomozawa Chikako , Sasaki Motoko , Kanbara Yoko , Dong Jingyi , Murakami Haruka , Miyake Hidehiko 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEmpathy is an important element of genetic counseling. Most genetic counselors acknowledge the significance of empathically engaging clients. However, few empirical studies have focused on the empathy experience of genetic counselors, especially in non‐Western countries. This study aimed to investigate Japanese genetic counselors’ perspectives on the concept of empathy in clinical practice. The study conducted semi‐structured interviews with Japanese certified genetic counselors who had approximately 10 years of clinical experience. Fourteen participants were interviewed about their thoughts on empathy and their experiences wherein they had deeply understood clients or felt closer to them. The interview data were analyzed using grounded theory. As a result, 17 categories were extracted, of which 13 were integrated into three themes of empathy:the empathic cycle in the relationships between genetic counselors and clients (cycling), the process of forming a deeper understanding of a client's perspectives (feeling),andthe process of developing skills to understand clients with empathy (developing). The remaining four categories were grouped into the theme of “challenges of empathy.” The categories included in the first three themes were similar to previous findings in Western countries, whereas some categories of challenges of empathy were unique to this study, which was conducted in a non‐Western country. This might be attributed to the influence of Japanese culture, in which people emphasize self‐regulation and an interdependent‐self model. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report on Japanese certified genetic counselors’ experiences of empathy. This study concludes with some suggestions for future research, including focusing on ways to overcome challenges of empathy in countries or healthcare systems.
Conversion surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma after tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment
Authors: Kaneko Shun , Tsuchiya Kaoru , Yasui Yutaka , Tanaka Yuki , Inada Kento , Ishido Shun , Kirino Sakura , Yamashita Koji , Hayakawa Yuka , Nobusawa Tsubasa , Matsumoto Hiroaki , Kakegawa Tatsuya , Higuchi Mayu , Takaura Kenta , Tanaka Shohei , Maeyashiki Chiaki , Tamaki Nobuharu , Takahashi Yuka , Nakanishi Hiroyuki , Irie Takumi , Ariizumi Shun‐Ichi , Kurosaki Masayuki , Izumi Namiki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and AimConversion surgery (CS), which aims to cure after systematic therapy, is only scarcely reported in the field of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, advancements in systemic therapy for HCC are expected to increase the candidates eligible for CS because of the higher response rate. The aim of this study was to clarify the characteristics of patients who underwent CS after tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy.MethodsIn all, 364 patients who were treated with first‐line sorafenib (SOR; n = 292) and lenvatinib (LEN; n = 72) from July 2009 to October 2020 were retrospectively enrolled. The endpoint of this analysis was overall survival (OS), and factors associated with CS are revealed.ResultsSix patients underwent CS after TKI therapy, and of these four (1.4%) and two (2.7%) patients received SOR and LEN, respectively. At baseline, patients who underwent CS were significantly younger (median 52 [range, 46–83] years of age, P = 0.019), and their etiology included viral hepatitis, especially hepatitis B virus (HBV) (P = 0.049). Improvements or maintenance of preoperative modified albumin–bilirubin grade from baseline were observed in five (83.3%) patients, and partial radiologic response was observed in four (66.7%) patients. The median OS and 3‐year survival rate of patients treated with CS were “not reached” and 80.0%, respectively.ConclusionThe patients who underwent CS after TKI therapy for HCC experienced long survival, were relatively young, and exhibited radiologic response to TKIs, and their liver function was either maintained or improved. Therefore, CS may lead to a better prognosis in patients with advanced HCC.
The effect of high humidity hot air impingement blanching on the changes in cell wall polysaccharides and phytochemicals of okra pods
Authors: Zielinska Sara , Staniszewska Izabela , Cybulska Justyna , Zdunek Artur , Szymanska‐Chargot Monika , Zielinska Danuta , Liu Zi‐Liang , Xiao Hong‐Wei , Pan Zhongli , Zielinska Magdalena 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDOkra pods contain heat‐sensitive substances, such as phenolic compounds and other phytochemicals that can be degraded when okra pods are subjected to heat treatment. The understanding of the impact of high humidity hot air impingement blanching (HHAIB) on the changes in physicochemical properties of polysaccharides and phytochemicals of okra pods is of great importance because over‐blanching may result in cell membrane disruption and changes in biologically active compounds under prolonged exposure to the thermal treatment. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of HHAIB on the changes in physicochemical properties of pectins and phytochemicals extracted from okra pods.RESULTSBoth the HHAIB time and method of extraction influenced their physicochemical characteristics and biological activity. Pectin fractions subjected to HHAIB were composed of polygalacturonic acid, rhamnogalacturonan, glucomannan, galactan, mannose, arabinose, rhamnose, calcium pectate and arabinogalactan. The contents of total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity of extracts mostly increased during HHAIB (i.e. up to 19.0%, 13.2% and 35.3%, respectively). However, HHAIB reduced the chlorophyll‐a (up to 55.7%) and lycopene (up to 52.6%) contents of okra pods.CONCLUSIONThe acquired knowledge may be useful for better understanding and optimization of technologies based on HHAIB treatment. The HHAIB treated okra can be a promising natural alternative in different applications, including its use as a replacement of some ingredients in food or non‐food systems as a result of richness in polysaccharides and polyphenols, as well as high antioxidant properties. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Analysis of starch structure and functional properties of tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) with differing waxy protein composition
Authors: Karim Hassan , Kumar Sujon , Lan Jingyu , Tang Huaping , Guzmán Carlos , Xu Qiang , Zhang Yazhou , Qi Pengfei , Deng Mei , Ma Jian , Wang Jirui , Chen Guoyue , Lan Xiujin , Wei Yuming , Zheng Youliang , Jiang Qiantao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAn increased demand for food has mirrored the increasing global population. Obesity and diabetes are two disorders induced by poor eating choices. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop modified foods that can ameliorate such illnesses. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of Waxy genes on the structural and functional properties of starch, with the aim of improving food quality. Wild‐type tetraploid wheat was compared with three mutants with different Waxy gene combinations.RESULTSThe proportion of B‐type granules was higher in the mutants than in the wild‐type (Wx‐AB), and there were significant changes in the starch granule size, number, and phenotype in the Wx free mutant (Wx‐ab). The lowest branch chain length was observed in Wx‐ab, whereas Wx‐AB had the highest branch chain length of DP ≥ 37. Wx‐ab had the highest degree of crystallinity. The crystallinity trend followed the order Wx‐ab>Wx‐Ab>Wx‐aB>Wx‐AB. The amount of slowly digestible starch (SDS) was higher in native, gelatinized, and retrograded starch in the mutant. The amount of retrograded starch was closer to gelatinized starch than to native starch.CONCLUSIONWaxy proteins make a substantial contribution to starch structure. A lack of waxy proteins reduced the unit chains markedly compared with the control. Waxy proteins significantly affected the smaller and longer chains of starch. The lines with differing waxy composition had different effects on food digestion. The Wx‐AB in native starch and Wx‐Ab in gelatinized starch can control obesity and diabetes by slow‐digesting carbohydrates and high resistance to digestion. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Comparison of three image‐analysis‐based visual texture calculation methods: energy, entropy, and texture change index
Authors: Balaban Murat O , Gümüş Bahar , Gümüş Erkan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThree image analysis methods to measure visual texture were applied to an image with much texture (scaled carp), and one with little texture (mirror carp). For each method, the effect of image rotation at 0°, 10°, 20°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75° and 90° was evaluated.RESULTSRotation did not change energy (E) and entropy (H) calculations using image histograms. Using co‐occurrence matrices with different step size d (1–19 in increases of 2) and step angle θ (0°, 45°, 90° and 135°) showed that, as d increased, E decreased and H increased, and the number of legitimate pixel pairs decreased linearly. Averaging E and H at different θ values rendered the results rotation invariant. Theoretically, the ‘texture primitives’ method is not rotation independent. However, the variation in texture change index (TCI) with image rotation was negligible. Also, the increase in TCI between the less textured image and the more textured image was 5.3–11. In comparison, the E values from histograms for the images above were 0.0069–0.0081. For co‐occurrence matrix‐based calculations, at d = 1 and for all θ, E range was from 220 to 389 for scaled carp and from 232 to 412 for mirror carp.CONCLUSIONThe more than doubling of TCI for these images implies that it is a more precise method than energy and entropy to discern between visual texture levels. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Postherpetic pseudohernia: A rare complication of herpes zoster
Authors: Rodriguez‐Bolanos Fabian , Doiron Philip Rodney 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHerpes zoster (HZ) is caused by the reactivation of the varicella‐zoster virus (VZV), which has the ability to remain latent in neural tissue. We report a case of a rare complication, abdominal pseudohernia, developed in a 63‐year‐old woman, caused by the partial protrusion of the abdominal wall due to paralysis of the muscles.
Drivers of inorganic carbon dynamics and air–water CO2 fluxes in two large tropical estuaries: Insights from coupled radon (222Rn) and pCO2 surveys
Authors: Akhand Anirban , Chanda Abhra , Watanabe Kenta , Das Sourav , Tokoro Tatsuki , Hazra Sugata , Kuwae Tomohiro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEstuaries and coastal waters are generally significant emitters of CO2 to the atmosphere. Globally, submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is a significant driver of inorganic carbon dynamics and the partial pressure of CO2 in water [pCO2(water)] in estuaries and coastal waters. However, there are few studies of CO2 emission and SGD in large tropical estuaries. To investigate the drivers of pCO2(water) dynamics in two large tropical estuaries in India, the Hooghly and Matla estuaries, we conducted coupled radon and pCO2(water) surveys of groundwater and surface waters. We also collected high‐temporal‐resolution (1 min) data of related biogeochemical parameters. Using radon‐222 (222Rn) as a proxy for SGD, we found significant regulation of pCO2(water) by SGD in both studied estuaries. This observation can be considered direct evidence of the influence of SGD on pCO2(water) and consequent air–water CO2 fluxes in these two previously poorly studied estuaries. Our finding that total alkalinity (TAlk) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) were also significantly higher in the groundwater than in the estuarine surface waters also supports a substantial contribution of SGD to the inorganic carbon dynamics of these estuaries. However, high groundwater TAlk to DIC ratios (> 1) indicate that SGD also enhances the carbonate buffering capacity in these estuaries. By contributing to an improved understanding of the role of SGD in inorganic carbon cycling in tropical estuaries and coastal oceans, this study will contribute to efforts to upscale regional‐scale coastal carbon budgets to a global scale.
Psychometric properties of a questionnaire to measure adherence to treatment in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Grau‐Del Valle Carmen , Marco‐Expósito José Francisco , Solá Eva , Montoya‐Castilla Inmaculada , Morillas Carlos , Hernández‐Mijares Antonio , Bañuls Celia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimTo validate the psychometric properties of a questionnaire to measure adherence to treatment among people with type 1 diabetes mellitus and to evaluate its relationship with metabolic control.DesignA cross‐sectional study of 167 adult people with type 1 diabetes mellitus recruited from the Endocrinology Service of University Hospital Doctor Peset (Spain).MethodsThe validity of the content, construct and reliability of the instrument were evaluated and the results correlated with levels of glycosylated haemoglobin.ResultsThe questionnaire was composed of 25 items and 5 dimensions, with a score of 25–150 points and an internal consistency of 0.92, according to Cronbach's coefficient α. The content of validity ratio and the construct (exploratory functional analysis, Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin index and Barlett's spherical test) were adequate. We observed a significant correlation between glycosylated haemoglobin levels and treatment adherence.ConclusionThe questionnaire to measure adherence to treatment in type 1 diabetes mellitus is consistent, reliable and valid, showing an excellent association with degree of metabolic control.
Co‐delivery of paclitaxel and CXCL1 shRNA via cationic polymeric micelles for synergistic therapy against ovarian cancer
Authors: Xiao Jingjing , Lu Yingying , Deng Lu , Chen Wulian , Hu Weiguo , Zhao Yuqing , Chen Shouzhen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe preparation of polymer therapeutics capable of synergistic co‐delivery systems for chemotherapeutic drugs and genes remains a tough problem in cancer therapy. Herein, we develop a novel co‐delivery system for chemotherapeutic drugs and genes. Paclitaxel (PTX) was covalently grafted onto the cationic copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly(l‐lysine) (PEG‐b‐PLL) via a disulfide bond, and then CXCL1 shRNA was loaded on the cationic micelles PEG‐b‐PLL‐SS‐PTX by electrostatic interaction to construct PEG‐b‐PLL‐SS‐PTX/pDNA complex. The chemical structure of the complex was confirmed by gel permeation chromatography, 1H NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The binding ability of the cationic micelles and pDNA was detected by gel retardation assay. In vitro gene transfection studies revealed an enhanced gene transfection efficiency due to the co‐delivery of PTX and pDNA to ovarian cancer cells. In vitro and in vivo data demonstrated that the co‐delivery complex exhibited a synergistic role of chemotherapy and gene therapy and possessed enhanced antitumor effects. The strategy of using drug‐loaded cationic micelles as gene delivery carriers is a versatile approach to construct a co‐delivery system, which might result in more efficient cancer therapy. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Model‐informed drug development of voxelotor in sickle cell disease: Exposure‐response analysis to support dosing and confirm mechanism of action
Authors: Green Michelle L. , Savic Radojka M. , Tonda Margaret , Jorga Karin , Washington Carla B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by the production of sickle hemoglobin (HbS), which when deoxygenated, polymerizes leading to red blood cell damage and hemolytic anemia, a defining feature of SCD. Voxelotor (Oxbryta) is a small molecule inhibitor of HbS polymerization that disrupts the polymerization mechanism by binding HbS to increase HbS oxygen affinity. Voxelotor is approved in the United States for the treatment of SCD in patients greater than or equal to 12 years of age at a 1500 mg once‐daily (q.d.) dose. These exposure‐response analyses aimed to evaluate the relationships between voxelotor whole blood concentration and change from baseline (CFB) in clinical measures of anemia and hemolysis and between voxelotor whole blood and plasma concentrations and the incidence of selected safety end points to confirm the voxelotor mechanism of action and to support the clinical dose recommendation. In patients treated with voxelotor up to 72 weeks, CFB hemoglobin (Hb) increased linearly (p < 0.001) with increasing voxelotor concentration and percent Hb occupancy and increases in CFB Hb corresponded to improvements in measures of hemolysis. The target 1 g/dl increase in CFB Hb was achieved with 1500 mg voxelotor q.d. Significant relationships were observed between voxelotor exposures and grade greater than or equal to 1 increased alanine aminotransferase and decreased white blood cell count; however, most events were grade 1. No clinically important covariate effects on voxelotor efficacy or safety were observed. Overall, these analyses support 1500 mg q.d. as the therapeutic dose for voxelotor in adults and adolescents.