bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seroepidemiology of SARS‐CoV‐2 in pediatric population during a 16‐month period prior to vaccination
Authors: Filippatos Filippos , Tatsi Elizabeth‐Barbara , Dellis Charilaos , Efthymiou Vasiliki , Margeli Alexandra , Papassotiriou Ioannis , Syriopoulou Vasiliki , Michos Athanasios 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLimited prospective serosurveillance data in children regarding severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection have been reported. We prospectively investigated SARS‐CoV‐2 seropositivity in children during a 16‐month period of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, including the four waves of the pandemic, before SARS‐CoV‐2 adolescents' vaccination. Serum samples from children admitted to the major tertiary Greek pediatric hospital for any cause, except for COVID‐19 infection, were randomly collected from 05/2020 to 08/2021. The study period was divided into four 4‐month periods representing relevant epidemic waves. Total SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies for nucleocapsid protein were determined using the Elecsys® Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 reagent. A total of 3099 children (0–16 years) were included in the study. A total of 344 (11.1%) seropositive children were detected (males: 205 [59.5%]; median age [interquartile range [IQR]]: 3 years [0.6–10]). Seropositivity rates (%) increased during the four 4‐month periods: 1.4%, 8.6%, 17.2%, and 17.6%, respectively. A correlation of seropositivity rates in children with new diagnosed SARS‐CoV‐2 cases in the community was detected. No significant differences were detected between males and females. Seropositivity was significantly higher in hospitalized than in nonhospitalized children and in non‐Greek compared to Greek children (p < 0.001). The lowest seropositivity rate before school opening (9/2021) was detected in the age groups 6–12 years (14.4%) and 12–16 years (16.1%). However, compared with the other age groups, the lowest median antibody titers were observed in children 0–1 year (median [IQR]: 13.9 cut‐off index: [4.5–53.9] [p < 0.001]). Although the seropositivity of children was related to the community epidemic waves, the exposure was limited. Low seropositivity rates in school‐age children support the need for SARS‐CoV‐2 immunization.
Soil nematode communities and functions: Ecological package restoration responses in damaged desert steppe open‐pit mining ecosystems
Authors: Gao Zhiwei , Liu Ziying , Wu Zhaohui , Huang Jing , Zhang Li , Zhang Guogang , Jia Meiqing , Han Guodong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEcological restoration of open‐pit mine wasteland is critical to the sustainable development of the mining industry. Using high‐throughput sequencing, we analyzed soil properties and nematode community structure and function to evaluate the impact of ecological package restoration on the quality of underground ecosystem reclamation in desert steppe open‐pit mine wasteland. After 7 years of ecological package restoration at an open‐pit quarry, two management methods (annual removal of dominant plant genera and annual reseeding of missing plants) achieved the expected outcomes of the restoration project (return to the conditions of the pre‐disturbed ecosystem). Based on LEfSe multi‐level discriminant analysis and shared genera analysis, we suggest that Oxydirus, Dorylaimus, Trichotylenchus, Plectus, Scutylenchus, Paratylenchus, Tylencholaimus, and Cephalobus may be the key soil nematode genera in the damaged open‐pit quarry ecosystem. We also evaluated the soil health status of different ecological package restoration time periods (2 and 5 years) at an abandoned desert steppe open‐pit iron mine by analysis of the soil properties and nematode communities. We suggest that ecological package restoration for 5 years achieved the expected restoration outcomes in the open‐pit iron mine wasteland. Based on LEfSe analysis and shared genera analysis, we suggest that Acrobeles, Microdorylaimus, Cehalobus, Tripylina, and Ecumenicus may be the key soil nematode genera in the damaged open‐pit iron mine ecosystem. Our findings provide a reference for evaluating the reclamation effect of ecological package restoration in open‐pit mine areas.
The corrosion of carbon steel under delaminating repair coatings after long‐term marine splash zone exposure
Authors: Momber Andreas W. , Krenz Andreas , Buchbach Sascha 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOrganic repair coatings are applied to repair areas of previously coated low‐carbon steel samples, and the samples are exposed to the splash zone in an offshore environment (Helgoland, North Sea) for 57 months. The volume loss of the steel underneath the delaminated coating is estimated with a three‐dimensional optical stripe line projection. The samples show a small variation in the degree of delamination (22%) only. The steel volume loss values, in contrast, range between 164 × 109 and 320 × 109 µm³, which is a variation of 196%. The degree of delamination of the scribed coatings does not mirror the corrosion of the steel underneath the delaminated sections. The coating with the widest degree of delamination exhibits the lowest steel volume loss due to corrosion. A good scribe performance of a coating is, therefore, no guarantee for a low corrosion loss nor for a low local corrosion depth in the steels to be protected.
On‐Chip Direct Laser Writing of PAN‐Based Carbon Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Hoffmann Andreas , Jiménez‐Calvo Pablo , Bansmann Joachim , Strauss Volker , Kuehne Alexander J. C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe carbonization of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) by direct laser writing to produce microsupercapacitors directly on‐chip is reported. The process is demonstrated by producing interdigitated carbon finger electrodes directly on a printed circuit board (PCB), which is then employed to characterize the supercapacitor electrodes. By varying the laser power, the process can be tuned from carbonization to material ablation. This allows to not only convert pristine PAN films into carbon electrodes, but also to pattern and cut away non‐carbonized material to produce completely freestanding carbon electrodes. While the carbon electrodes adhere well to the printed circuit board, non‐carbonized PAN is peeled off the substrate. Specific capacities as high as 260 µF cm⁻2 are achieved in a supercapacitor with 16 fingers.
Functionalizing mesoporous silica with a nano metal–organic phosphonate towards mechanical‐robust, thermal‐resistant, and fire‐safety epoxy resin
Authors: Wang Wenduo , Wang Zhengzhou 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEpoxy resin (EP) has featured many industrial and practical applications, but was plagued by its inherent flammability. Herein, a hybrid flame retardant (mSiO2@TETP) was fabricated by in‐situ immobilizing tin ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonate (TETP) on the mesoporous silica (mSiO2) surface, and was used to prepare mechanical‐robust, flame‐retardant, and thermal‐resistant EP composites. It is found that the introduction of only 1.0 wt% mSiO2@TETP into EP leads to a 20.5%, 19.7%, and 12.8% incremental tensile modulus, tensile strength, and impact strength, respectively. The EP composite with 5.0 wt% mSiO2@TETP (EP/mSiO2@TETP‐5) succeeds to the UL‐94 V‐0 grade, with a limiting oxygen index value of 29.0%. And the peak heat release rate, total heat release, peak smoke production rate, total smoke release, and peak CO production rate of EP/mSiO2@TETP‐5 decrease by 54.0%, 52.1%, 53.9%, 51.1%, and 55.7%, respectively in contrast with the values of pure EP. Moreover, the introduction of mSiO2@TETP results in an improvement in both the charring capacity and the initial thermal resistance (an increment in the glass transition temperature) of EP.
Academic self‐efficacy and academic performance among high school students: A moderated mediation model of academic buoyancy and social support
Authors: Lei Weina , Wang Xuewei , Dai David Yun , Guo Xipei , Xiang Shuoqi , Hu Weiping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have illustrated a robust relationship between academic self‐efficacy and academic performance. However, the underlying psychological mechanism of this relationship is still unclear. This study employed a moderated mediation model to examine whether academic buoyancy (ability to deal with academic challenges and setbacks in school daily life) mediated the relationship between academic self‐efficacy and academic performance and whether social support moderated the mediation process. A total of 860 (M = 16.39, SD = 0.73) high school students in China completed questionnaires on academic self‐efficacy, academic buoyancy, and social support. Academic performance was measured by standardized tests. The results indicated that academic buoyancy partially mediated the association between academic self‐efficacy and academic performance. Social support moderated the first half of the path of the mediation model. The findings of the present study provide educational guidelines and suggestions for improving academic performance among high school students.
Advances in MRI‐guided precision radiotherapy
Authors: Liu Chenyang , Li Mao , Xiao Haonan , Li Tian , Li Wen , Zhang Jiang , Teng Xinzhi , Cai Jing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is becoming increasingly important in precision radiotherapy owing to its excellent soft‐tissue contrast and versatile scan options. Many recent advances in MRI have been shown to be promising for MRI‐guided radiotherapy and for improved treatment outcomes. This paper summarizes these advances into six sections: MRI simulators, MRI‐linear accelerator hybrid machines, MRI‐only workflow, four‐dimensional MRI, MRI‐based radiomics, and magnetic resonance fingerprinting. These techniques can be implemented before, during, or after radiotherapy for various precision radiotherapy applications, such as tumor delineation, tumor motion management, treatment adaptation, and clinical decision making. For each of these techniques, this paper describes its technical details and discusses its clinical benefits and challenges.
Side effects of insecticides applied to cotton on adult Trichogramma pretiosum by three exposure routes
Authors: Costa Mariana Abreu , Farias Elizeu Sá , Passos Luis Clepf , Carvalho Vinicius Castro , Carvalho Geraldo Andrade 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDTrichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) is released in extensive areas cultivated with cotton worldwide, but the use of synthetic insecticides threatens the establishment of augmented populations. Thus, an assessment of insecticides’ effects on T. pretiosum is required to establish their compatibility with mass releases of the parasitoid. We studied in the laboratory the impact of insecticides administered through different exposure routes (direct‐spraying, ingestion and residue contact) on T. pretiosum. Based on their toxicity, the insecticides were rated into four categories (harmless, slightly harmful, moderately harmful and harmful) as per the International Organization for Biological Control.RESULTSThe survival, parasitism ability and emergence of the treated adults and offspring (F1 and F2), in addition to the persistence of the toxic effects in semi‐field conditions, were assessed. Teflubenzuron did not reduce female survival and caused a lesser impact on T. pretiosum on both direct‐spraying and ingestion bioassays. In the residue contact bioassay, teflubenzuron and flupyradifurone were rated as harmless and slightly harmful, respectively. The other active substances (chlorfenapyr, thiodicarb and methomyl) were harmful to the parasitoid by all exposure routes and were persistent (with toxicity duration surpassing 30 days).CONCLUSIONFrom these findings, teflubenzuron is the insecticide most compatible with T. pretiosum releases and should be preferred over the other active substances. Further studies with the harmful insecticides (thiodicarb, chlorfenapyr and methomyl) are required to determine their toxicity under field conditions and confirm their incompatibility with T. pretiosum releases.
Unveiling the shades of partnerships for the energy transition and sustainable development: Connecting public–private partnerships and emerging hybrid schemes
Authors: Pinilla‐De La Cruz Giovanna Andrea , Rabetino Rodrigo , Kantola Jussi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe transition to cleaner energy technologies and sustainable development requires the commitment and collaboration of the public and private sectors. Among such collaborations, public–private partnership (PPP) refers to the convergence and complementarity between public and private actors and represents an organizational arrangement for addressing strategic sustainability challenges such as reducing carbon emissions and plays a relevant role in transforming the sector after energy reforms. The rigidity of PPP schemes introduces certain limitations in adapting to the energy transition and sustainability needs. As a result, several hybrid schemes have emerged from PPPs, which are focal points in this paper. This article aims to contrast PPPs with emerging hybrid PPPs to facilitate their understanding. It contributes to the academic dialog on recognizing the relevance of emerging forms of collaboration in tackling contemporary issues. The review's primary outcome is a framework of PPPs and hybrid PPPs and the critical challenges for advancing the energy transition and sustainable development. The contributions from this study may help policymakers to design suitable tools for incorporating hybrid PPPs in climate change policies and institutional frameworks. The findings suggest developing mechanisms through which PPPs and hybrid PPPs foster cleaner technologies, thus improving energy efficiency and access and strengthening energy security strategies. Further work is needed to address key research issues related to (i) mechanisms for the institutional alignment of hybrid PPPs, (ii) assuring reciprocity and commitment, (iii) knowledge management, and (iv) capacity‐building.
Study on the nanoscale current of ZnO film by photoassisted peak force tunnel atomic force: A novel technique for UV detection
Authors: Zhang Yidong , Dong Zhenwei , Zhao Lei , Guan Huijuan 
Published: January 2022

ZnO film‐based ultraviolet (UV) detector was fabricated by photoassisted peak force tunnel atomic force (PFTUNA) on fluorine tin oxide (FTO) substrate. The PFTUNA current in dark and in UV light was ~0.1 and 2.0 nA, respectively. The UV sensitivity (photocurrent/dark current) is more than 20. The response time and the recovery time are ~0.12 and 0.32 s, respectively. The UV sensing mechanism is that the holes will transport to the ZnO surface to capture the adsorbed oxygen ions to weaken the depletion layer under UV illumination. The PFTUNA current between the tip and the ZnO film is consistent with the Richardson–Schottky (RS) thermionic emission model.
In search of competitive givers
Authors: Fielding David , Knowles Stephen , Peeters Ronald 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMuch of the theoretical and experimental research on charitable giving allows for three main types of donor: pure altruists, impure altruists, and pure warm‐glow givers. For none of these types should donations be increasing in the amount donated by others: there is no room for “competitive giving”. We design an experiment in which a participant chooses how much to donate to an individual recipient of charitable funds, conditional on the donation of another participant, and therefore controls the total donation to the recipient. We find evidence for the existence of competitive givers in addition to the other three types, suggesting a great deal of heterogeneity in individual utility functions. However, the frequency of different types depends on whether participants are told about the average donation in a previous experiment. Revealing this information reduces the frequency of competitive givers, suggesting that some competitive giving is motivated by a desire to conform to a social norm inferred from other participants' behavior.
If “Rhodes‐” must fall, who shall fall next?
Authors: Mosyakin Sergei L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSmith and Figueiredo, in their recent articles, raised important issues of getting rid of colonial legacy in botanical nomenclature. Some other politically motivated claims and proposals to amend theInternational Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants(ICN) have also been published or discussed by some other authors. In particular, Smith and Figueiredo expressed their opinion that “a proposal to amend to theCode, replacing epithets with the root ‘rhodes‐’, where Cecil John Rhodes, or any landmark named for him is commemorated, should be considered”. However, Rhodes is not the only controversial person whose name is currently associated with names of taxa. Here I consider several other cases of people of the past who were or are also sometimes treated, at least by some, as racists, colonialists, imperialists, war criminals, etc. Also, I discuss, in the context of Art. 51 of theICN, a more general issue of names and epithets that are or may be considered offensive, inappropriate, or unacceptable by some people or groups of people. The nomenclature of organisms governed by nomenclatural codes is the crucially important tool in taxonomy and all sciences and fields of activity relying on or referring to it. Nomenclature also reflects the rich and fascinating history of scientific exploration of the living world. That history contains some unpleasant or even tragic events, episodes and periods, and not all people commemorated in names of organisms were free of sins by our modern standards. Science cannot and should not, however, employ politically motivated censorship and totalitarian cleansing of scientific history, and of the biological nomenclature that reflects that history. Nomenclature of plants, algae, and fungi shall not be transformed into a battleground for politically motivated campaigns. Only some exceptions are possible, but they should be dealt with the proper respect to theCodeand to the centuries of taxonomic and nomenclatural traditions.
Conformal S-dualities from O-planes
Authors: Amariti Antonio , Fazzi Marco , Rota Simone , Segati Alessia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We study 4d SCFTs obtained by orientifold projections on necklace quivers with fractional branes. The models obtained by this procedure are 𝒩 = 1 linear quivers with unitary, symplectic and orthogonal gauge groups, bifundamental and tensorial matter. Remarkably, models that are not dual in the unoriented case can have the same central charges and superconformal index after the projection. The reason for this behavior rests upon the ubiquitous presence of adjoint fields with R-charge one. We claim that the presence of such fields is at the origin of the notion of inherited S-duality on the models’ conformal manifold.
Islands and Uhlmann phase: explicit recovery of classical information from evaporating black holes
Authors: Kirklin Josh 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Recent work has established a route towards the semiclassical validity of the Page curve, and so provided evidence that information escapes an evaporating black hole. However, a protocol to explicitly recover and make practical use of that information in the classical limit has not yet been given. In this paper, we describe such a protocol, showing that an observer may reconstruct the phase space of the black hole interior by measuring the Uhlmann phase of the Hawking radiation. The process of black hole formation and evaporation provides an invertible map between this phase space and the space of initial matter configurations. Thus, all classical information is explicitly recovered. We assume in this paper that replica wormholes contribute to the gravitational path integral.
A sum rule for boundary contributions to the trace anomaly
Authors: Herzog Christopher P. , Schaub Vladimir 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the context of boundary conformal field theory, we derive a sum rule that relates two and three point functions of the displacement operator. For four dimensional conformal field theory with a three dimensional boundary, this sum rule in turn relates the two boundary contributions to the anomaly in the trace of the stress tensor. We check our sum rule for a variety of free theories and also for a weakly interacting theory, where a free scalar in the bulk couples marginally to a generalized free field on the boundary.
Prophage-encoded gene VpaChn25_0734 amplifies ecological persistence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus CHN25
Authors: Xu Yingwei , Yang Lianzhi , Wang Yaping , Zhu Zhuoying , Yan Jizhou , Qin Si , Chen Lanming 
Published: January 2022

AbstractVibrio parahaemolyticus is a waterborne pathogen that can cause acute gastroenteritis, wound infection, and septicemia in humans. The molecular basis of its pathogenicity is not yet fully understood. Phages are found most abundantly in aquatic environments and play a critical role in horizontal gene transfer. Nevertheless, current literature on biological roles of prophage-encoded genes remaining in V. parahaemolyticus is rare. In this study, we characterized one such gene VpaChn25_0734 (543-bp) in V. parahaemolyticus CHN25 genome. A deletion mutant ΔVpaChn25_0734 (543-bp) was obtained by homologous recombination, and a revertant ΔVpaChn25_0734-com (543-bp) was also constructed. The ΔVpaChn25_0734 (543-bp) mutant was defective in growth and swimming mobility particularly at lower temperatures and/or pH 7.0–8.5. Cell surface hydrophobicity and biofilm formation were significantly decreased in the ΔVpaChn25_0734 (543-bp) mutant (p < 0.05). Based on the in vitro Caco-2 cell model, the deletion of VpaChn25_0734 (543-bp) gene significantly reduced the cytotoxicity of V. parahaemolyticus CHN25 to human intestinal epithelial cells (p < 0.05). Comparative secretomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed a slightly increased extracellular proteins, and thirteen significantly changed metabolic pathways in the ΔVpaChn25_0734 (543-bp) mutant, showing down-regulated carbon source transport and utilization, biofilm formation, and type II secretion system (p < 0.05), consistent with the observed defective phenotypes. Taken, the prophage-encoded gene VpaChn25_0734 (543-bp) enhanced V. parahaemolyticus CHN25 fitness for survival in the environment and the host. The results in this study facilitate better understanding of pathogenesis and genome evolution of V. parahaemolyticus, the leading sea foodborne pathogen worldwide.