bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost-analysis of COVID-19 sample collection, diagnosis, and contact tracing in low resource setting: The case of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Yigezu Amanuel , Zewdie Samuel Abera , Mirkuzie Alemnesh H. , Abera Adugna , Hailu Alemayehu , Agachew Mesfin , Memirie Solomon Tessema 
Published: June 2022

Background
Ethiopia has been responding to the COVID-19 pandemic through a combination of interventions, including non-pharmaceutical interventions, quarantine, testing, isolation, contact tracing, and clinical management. Estimating the resources consumed for COVID-19 prevention and control could inform efficient decision-making for epidemic/pandemic-prone diseases in the future. This study aims to estimate the unit cost of COVID-19 sample collection, laboratory diagnosis, and contact tracing in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods
Primary and secondary data were collected to estimate the costs of COVID-19 sample collection, diagnosis, and contact tracing. A healthcare system perspective was used. We used a combination of micro-costing (bottom-up) and top-down approaches to estimate resources consumed and the unit costs of the interventions. We used available cost and outcome data between May and December 2020. The costs were classified into capital and recurrent inputs to estimate unit and total costs. We identified the cost drivers of the interventions. We reported the cost for the following outcome measures: (1) cost per sample collected, (2) cost per laboratory diagnosis, (3) cost per sample collected and laboratory diagnosis, (4) cost per contact traced, and (5) cost per COVID-19 positive test identified. We conducted one-way sensitivity analysis by varying the input parameters. All costs were reported in US dollars (USD).

Results
The unit cost per sample collected was USD 1.33. The unit cost of tracing a contact of an index case was USD 0.66. The unit cost of COVID-19 diagnosis, excluding the cost for sample collection was USD 3.91. The unit cost of sample collection per COVID-19 positive individual was USD 11.63. The unit cost for COVID-19 positive test through contact tracing was USD 54.00. The unit cost COVID-19 DNA PCR diagnosis for identifying COVID-19 positive individuals, excluding the sample collection and transport cost, was USD 37.70. The cost per COVID-19 positive case identified was USD 49.33 including both sample collection and laboratory diagnosis costs. Among the cost drivers, personnel cost (salary and food cost) takes the highest share for all interventions, ranging from 51–76% of the total cost.

Conclusion
The costs of sample collection, diagnosis, and contact tracing for COVID-19 were high given the low per capita health expenditure in Ethiopia and other low-income settings. Since the personnel cost accounts for the highest cost, decision-makers should focus on minimizing this cost when faced with pandemic-prone diseases by strengthening the health system and using digital platforms. The findings of this study can help decision-makers prioritize and allocate resources for effective public health emergency response.
Occupational stress in industry setting in Benin 2019: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Adjobimey Mênonli , Hinson Vikkey , Mikponhoué Rose , Hountohotegbe Esdras , Klikpo Elvyre , Mama Cissé Ibrahim , Adjogou Amelée , Dossougbété Véronique , Campbell Jonathon R. , Ayélo Paul , Houinato Dismand 
Published: June 2022

Background
Occupational stress is a psychosocial risk in the workplace. Working conditions in industrial settings may lead to occupational stress. In Benin, however, there is little epidemiological data on occupational stress in industrial settings. We aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with occupational stress in industrial settings in Benin in 2019.

Methods
This was a prospective, cross-sectional study conducted from January 31 to April 11, 2019, among 15 cotton ginning plants. Sampling was exhaustive for permanent workers and stratified in clusters by shift for occasional cotton gin workers. Data were collected through Karasek and Siegrist questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using R software. Binary multivariable logistic regression was performed. The significance level was p < 0.05.

Results
Of 1883 workers included, 90.8% were male. The median age was 38 years (IQR: 28 years to 49 years). The prevalence of occupational stress was 77.7% (95% CI: 75.8–79.6). Psychological demand was high in 93.0% of workers and 83.9% had low decision latitude. Among the workers, 16.3% had low social support and 89.9% had a low recognition score at work. Factors associated with occupational stress were: being an occasional vs. permanent worker (aOR 6.43, 95% CI 4.18 to 9.88); age less than 38 years (aOR 0.55, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.76); high intensity physical activity at work (aOR 1.33, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.73); working in production vs. administration (aOR 1.59, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.45); spending fewer than 4 years at the current work location (aOR 1.60, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.44); and scoring low for recognition at work (aOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.23). Noise exposure and being a shift worker were significant in univariable analysis, but not multivariable analysis.

Conclusion
Occupational stress is very common among workers in industrial settings. The implementation and evaluation of preventive measures against these risk factors is necessary.
Rate of diagnosed seasonal influenza in children with influenza-like illness: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Uchida Mitsuo , Yamauchi Takenori 
Published: June 2022

Introduction
Although influenza surveillance systems have been used to monitor influenza epidemics, these systems generally evaluate diagnostic information obtained from medical institutions and they do not include patients who have not been examined. In contrast, community based epidemiological studies target people with influenza-like illness (ILI) that self-reported influenza-like symptoms whether they have medical examinations or not. Because the criteria for influenza surveillance systems and ILI differ, there is a gap between them. The purpose of this study was to clarify this gap using school-based survey data.

Methods
Questionnaires about both ILI and the influenza diagnosis history during the 2018/19 season were administered to the guardians of 11,684 elementary schoolchildren in a single city in Japan. Based on their responses, a Bayesian model was constructed to estimate the probability of infection, ILI onset, and diagnosis at medical institutions.

Results
Responses were obtained from guardians of 10,309 children (88.2%). Of these, 3,380 children (32.8%) had experienced ILI, with 2,380 (23.1%) diagnosed as influenza at a medical institution. Bayesian estimation showed that the probability of influenza cases being diagnosed among ILI symptomatic children was 70% (95% credible interval, 69–71%). Of the infected children, 5% were without ILI symptoms, with 11% of these patients diagnosed with influenza.

Conclusions
This epidemiological study clarified the proportion gap between ILI and influenza diagnosis among schoolchildren. These results may help to establish epidemic control measures and secure sufficient medical resources.
Questioning Authority: Anthony Collins’ Challenge to Orthodox Anglican Authority Figures and George Berkeley’s Reply
Authors: Fasko Manuel 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper I argue that the English freethinker Anthony Collins (1676–1729) is making use of ‘conglobation’ to develop an argument across the Vindication of the Divine Attributes (1710) and the Discourse on Free-Thinking (1713), which aims to challenge the religious authority of orthodox representatives of the Anglican church. That is, Colins makes use of a rhetorical (piecemeal) strategy that serves to insinuate one’s proper position to create, what I will call, the ‘authority-challenge’. I reconstruct this challenge in three steps. First, I analyse Collins’ criticism of William King (1650–1729), the Archbishop of Dublin, who according to Collins’ Vindication advances a conception of the divine attributes and of the nature of God that is compatible with atheism. Second, I introduce Collins’ argument from disagreement, which he develops in his Discourse. This argument aims to establish that whenever there is meaningful disagreement, e. g., about the (philosophical) content and not merely about the best terminology, between the supposed experts, we have the right to think on our own about the issue at hand. In the third step, I present the ‘authority-challenge’. In a nutshell, this challenge requires orthodox representatives of the Anglican church either (i) to open the door to atheism by not substantively disagreeing with William King (thereby undermining everything they stand for and presenting themselves as hypocrites) or (ii) to substantively disagree with King to contain atheism (thereby undermining their status as experts for religious issues). Since (i) cannot be an option, they have no choice but to undermine their own authority by impairing their expert status, which, in turn, has ramifications for their political power as well. In the second part of my paper, I argue that §§ 16–22 of the fourth dialogue of George Berkeley’s Alciphron (1732/52) are designed to meet Collins’ ‘authority-challenge’. This will allow me to resolve the puzzle that these sections so far have posed for commentators. In particular, many have been puzzled by Berkeley’s argumentative strategy and in particular his references to the Scholastics. As I argue, however, if §§ 16–22 are read in the light of Collins’ authority challenge, it becomes evident that Berkeley uses these references in his attempt to refute King without failing to meet Collins’ challenge.
Mechanical properties of sandstone under hydro-mechanical coupling
Authors: Tan Tao , Zhao Yanlin , Zhao Xun , Chang Le , Ren Sheng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Study of mechanical properties of rock under hydro-mechanical coupling. The MTS815 rock mechanics system is used to perform triaxial compression tests of water-saturated sandstones under different confining pressures and pore water pressures. The results show that the peak deviation stress and its corresponding axial strain, residual deviation stress, initial deviation stress of dilation and deformation modulus of water-saturated sandstone are related to pore water pressure and confining pressure. They decrease with the increase of pore water pressure and increase with the increase of confining pressure. Poisson’s ratio and angle of rupture of water-saturated sandstone increase with pore water pressure. Based on the effective stress principle and Mohr–Coulomb criterion, the effective cohesion and effective residual cohesion of sandstone are 11.49 and 3.13 MPa, respectively, and the effective angle of internal friction and effective residual angle of internal friction are 38.32° and 25.32°, respectively. In addition, according to the variation relationship of sandstone strength, the relative strength criterion of sandstone under hydro-mechanical coupling is established.
Intercultural citizenship and pre-service teacher education
Authors: Bayyurt Yasemin , Yalçın Şebnem 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article explores the concept of intercultural citizenship and the significance of involving culturally sensitive issues in English language teaching and teacher education curriculum to train future global citizens. Before exploring ways to implement intercultural citizenship education from K-12 to university level, it is necessary to emphasize the need to integrate “intercultural citizenship education” into teacher education programs. In other words, English language teachers should become intercultural citizens themselves so that they can help their students to become intercultural citizens. In this paper, we emphasize the importance of training interculturally sensitive future teachers of English. In this respect, we report the findings of studies on intercultural telecollaboration projects involving cultural exchange between students in pre-/in-service teacher education programs in Turkey and abroad. We also suggest ways of increasing these intercultural citizenship courses and modules in training teachers to gain intercultural communicative competence and intercultural citizenship skills.
Crystal structure of methyl 3-(1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)propanoate, C16H13NO4
Authors: Wang Tiantian , Su Yizi , Feng Yunyun , Deng Xin , Tan Yuxing 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
C16H13NO4, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.930(3) Å, b = 6.9807(18) Å, c = 18.954(5) Å, β = 93.080(4)°, V = 1311.9(6) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0400, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1142, T = 296 (2) K.
Performance of a tunable photoconductive graphene plasmonic photodetector
Authors: Molavi-Vardanjani Fatemeh , Hatefi-Kargan Naser , Daraei Ahmadreza 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the performance of a graphene photodetector is investigated theoretically in the infrared spectral region (8–12 µm). To increase the absorption of infrared radiation in the graphene layer, plasmon–polaritons are excited in the graphene layer by using dielectric grating. Due to the large propagation constants of plasmon–polaritons compared to the propagation constants of the electromagnetic waves in free space, the dielectric grating is required to provide the phase matching condition of plasmon–polaritons excitation. The results show that due to the excitation of plasmon–polaritons in the graphene layer, the infrared wave has been confined to a small reign around the graphene layer with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of about 8 nm. Increasing in Fermi energy level leads to a shift in the wavelength of the infrared radiation required to excite plasmon–polaritons in the graphene layer towards shorter wavelengths, so that for the Fermi energy levels of 10, 30, 45, and 60 meV the required wavelengths for plasmon–polaritons excitation are 11.6, 10.6, 9.4, and 8.2 µm, respectively. Under the incidence of the infrared radiation with these wavelengths, and at the corresponding Fermi energy levels, the responsivities of the photodetector at peak points are 2.74, 2.39, 2.19, and 2.04 mA/W, respectively. Therefore, this photodetector is tunable where the detection wavelength is changed by tuning the Fermi energy level of the photodetector. In addition, the results indicate that excitation of plasmon–polaritons approximately increases the responsivity by two times compared to the case without the plasmon–polaritons excitation.
Precise control of microtubule disassembly in living cells
Authors: Liu Grace Y , Chen Shiau‐Chi , Lee Gang‐Hui , Shaiv Kritika , Chen Pin‐Yu , Cheng Hsuan , Hong Shi‐Rong , Yang Wen‐Ting , Huang Shih‐Han , Chang Ya‐Chu , Wang Hsien‐Chu , Kao Ching‐Lin , Sun Pin‐Chiao , Chao Ming‐Hong , Lee Yian‐Ying , Tang Ming‐Jer , Lin Yu‐Chun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMicrotubules tightly regulate various cellular activities. Our understanding of microtubules is largely based on experiments using microtubule‐targeting agents, which, however, are insufficient to dissect the dynamic mechanisms of specific microtubule populations, due to their slow effects on the entire pool of microtubules. To overcome this technological limitation, we have used chemo and optogenetics to disassemble specific microtubule subtypes, including tyrosinated microtubules, primary cilia, mitotic spindles, and intercellular bridges, by rapidly recruiting engineered microtubule‐cleaving enzymes onto target microtubules in a reversible manner. Using this approach, we show that acute microtubule disassembly swiftly halts vesicular trafficking and lysosomal dynamics. It also immediately triggers Golgi and ER reorganization and slows the fusion/fission of mitochondria without affecting mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, cell rigidity is increased after microtubule disruption owing to increased contractile stress fibers. Microtubule disruption furthermore prevents cell division, but does not cause cell death during interphase. Overall, the reported tools facilitate detailed analysis of how microtubules precisely regulate cellular architecture and functions.
Uridine alleviates LPS-induced ARDS and improves insulin sensitivity by decreasing oxidative stress and inflammatory processes
Authors: Zhang Lei , Li Bin , Zhang Degang , Wang Zhuo , Zhao Ye , Yu Qin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) refers to the injury of alveolar epithelial cells and capillary endothelial cells due to various injury factors. Research on the pathogenesis of ARDS has made great progress, but the exact pathogenesis of ARDS has not been fully elucidated. Up to now, the prevention and treatment of ARDS is still an important scientific problem that needs to be solved urgently. In this work, we analyzed the effect of uridine on ARDS. An ARDS model was successfully constructed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Western-blotting, IFA, ELISA, RT-PCT and CLSM were conducted to investigate the effect of uridine on ARDS and insulin resistance, and the results showed that lung histopathological alterations were significantly attenuated by uridine treatment. Further work showed that the levels of proinflammatory cytokines were significantly down-regulated in the lung tissue after treatment with uridine. Additionally, the numbers of total cells and neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were also decreased in the uridine-treated ARDS mice. We further explored the potential mechanism by which uridine could treat ARDS, and the results indicated that NF-κB signaling was down-regulated by uridine treatment. Next, we studied insulin sensitivity in the ARDS mice, and found that insulin signaling was significantly down-regulated, and uridine could enhance insulin sensitivity in the ARDS mice model. Furthermore, we found that the levels of inflammation and oxidative stress were decreased by uridine treatment, which may be the potential mechanism by which uridine could improve insulin sensitivity. Taken together, the current work provides evidence that uridine can serve as a potential drug to treat ARDS and insulin resistance.
Justification for the necessity of simultaneously performing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement and partial splenic embolizationin patients with portal hypertension in the setting of liver cirrhosis
Authors: Shabunin A. V. , Bedin V. V. , Drozdov P. A. , Levina O. N. , Tsurkan V. A. , Zhuravel O. S. 
Published: June 2022

Aim. To improve treatment results in patients with various manifestations of portal hypertension (PH) by simultaneously performing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement and partial splenic embolization.Materials and methods. At the first stage of the study, the incidence of PH manifestations was retrospectively analyzed in 100 consecutive patients with cirrhosis. At the second stage, the safety and efficacy of simultaneously performing TIPS placement and partial splenic embolization were evaluated in a group of 20 patients with esophageal and/or gastric varices and hypersplenism. Control examination was performed at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 months after the procedure.Results. Of 100 patients with liver cirrhosis, clinical and instrumental signs of portal hypertension were observed in 86 patients. In 49 (56.9%) patients, portal hypertension was manifested as esophageal and/or gastric varices along with hypersplenism. When TIPS and partial splenic embolization were used together, no in-hospital case fatality and postoperative complications were noted. During a dynamic observation, 2 (10%) fatal outcomes were reported that were not related to variceal bleeding. The severity of varices decreased in 19 (95%) patients while remaining unchanged in 1 (5%) patient. In 5 (25%) patients, encephalopathy was noted to worsen. Six months following the procedure, the platelet count increase reached 109.44 ± 34.26% (54–242), while 12 months later, it amounted to 96.37 ± 23.62% (41–166). After a 6-month follow-up period, an average increase in leukocyte count reached 34.14 ± 24.96% (0–89), amounting to 21.47 ± 18.46% (0–62) after a follow-up period of 12 months.Conclusion. More than half of patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension suffer from both esophageal and/or gastric varices and hypersplenism. In such patients, it is safe and effective to perform TIPS and partial splenic embolization simultaneously.
Late results in the endoscopic treatment of cicatricial bile duct strictures
Authors: Zamolodchikov R. D. , Starkov Yu. G. , Dzhantukhanova S. V. , Ibragimov A S. , Gulova N. V. , Pitel E. V. 
Published: June 2022

Aim. To evaluate the late results of staged endoscopic treatment of patients with corrosive bile duct strictures.Materials and methods. The study included 41 patients with corrosive bile duct strictures varying in etiology and localization. The patients were observed over a seven-year period, most of whom had already undergone endoscopic treatment.Results. The technical success rate amounted to 100%. The procedure of staged stenting was completed in 34 out of 37 patients under observation. The clinical success rate, defined as the release of a stricture, reached 94%. In the postoperative period, the incidence of complications amounted to 8.8%. Only 2 out of 34 patients who had undergone stenting exhibited stricture recurrence.Conclusion. The staged placement of multiple plastic stents is characterized by high technical and clinical success rates while involving few complications, as well as a consistently low rate of stricture recurrence in the long-term period.
Hemostasis features in pregnant women with hypertensive disorders living in the highlands of Tadzhikistan Republic
Authors: Tadzhiboeva N. A. , Yashchuk A. G. , Fatkullina I. B. , Galeeva S. A. , Lazareva A. Yu. , Stetsenko N. A. , Sitdikova D. G. 
Published: June 2022

Introduction.One of the actual problems of modern obstetrics is hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. Pregnant women living in highlands are exposed to adverse factors, the most important of which is decreased oxygen in the air. Hypertension of pregnant women in high altitude conditions is conjoin with exogenous hypobaric hypoxia, and as a total organ pathology leads to functional and morphological changes in all organs and systems.Aim:to study the features of hemostasis system in pregnant women with hypertensive disorders in highlands.Materials and Мethods.A prospective comparative study included 114 pregnant women with hypertensive disorders, which were divided into 2 groups: group 1 – 63 pregnant women living in highlands, and group 2 – 51 pregnant women living in lowlands. In group 1, 42 pregnant women (67 %) and in group 2, 24 (47 %) pregnant women were diagnosed with severe preeclampsia. Hemostasis parameters were studied: blood clotting time, prothrombin index, content of fibrinogen and soluble fibrin-monomer complexes (SFMC), international normalized ratio (INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) index, thrombin time, platelet count.Results.In pregnant mountaineers, compared with pregnant women in lowlands, a higher content of such hemostasis parameters as APTT index (1.654 ± 0.426 vs. 0.892 ± 0.1145; p < 0.001) and SFMC level (4.921 ± 0.753 mg% vs. 3.590 ± 0.5676 mg%; p < 0.001), thrombin time values (103.206 ± 3.734 seconds vs. 93.920 ± 7.8268 seconds; p < 0.001) were revealed, as well as lower fibrinogen concentration (3.762 ± 0.809 g/l vs. 4.160 ± 1,3015 g/l; p = 0.048).Conclusion.In pregnant women living in highlands compared with pregnant women in lowlands with the addition of severe forms of preeclampsia (67 % vs. 47 %) hypercoagulation characteristic of normal pregnancy disappears, but, on the contrary, iso- and hypocoagulation appears.