bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on Mix Design and Construction Application of Roller Compacted Concrete in Base
Authors: Zhong Yixiong , Yao Jialiang , Lin Jun , Yao Ding 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
To address the problems of segregation, cracking, and poor flatness of the roller compacted concrete (RCC) used in the base of the construction, this research takes the Qinglian highway rehabilitation project as the research object. Based on the filling and wrapping method, the surplus parameters of cement slurry and the surplus parameters of mortar are introduced, and the method is used to design the mix ratio of RCC. The mixing ratios of the mixture were designed by the orthogonal test method. In this research, Vebe time, compactness, 28 days flexural strength, and compressive strength were used as the evaluation indicators for each mix ratio specimen. The test results show that the optimum Vebe consistency (VC) value is 33 s, which provides good compactivity; the degree of compaction is 98.5 %, which provides good workability; the appropriate amount of cement is 190 kg/m3, which not only meets the strength requirements but also reduces the occurrence of road distresses. This research combines the practical project with mixture ratio design and uses the indicators recommended in the design process to propose methods to reduce road quality problems and to provide a scientific basis for RCC construction control.
Implementation of a Pediatric Emergency Department Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Quality Bundle
Authors: Runkle Anne P. , Gray James , Cabrera-Thurman Mary K. , Frey Mary , Hoehn Erin F. , Kerrey Benjamin T. , Vukovic Adam A. 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
We have previously demonstrated that standardized handoff from prehospital to hospital clinicians can improve cardiopulmonary resuscitation performance for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients in a pediatric emergency department (ED). We leveraged our previous quality improvement initiative to standardize performance of a bundle of 5 discrete aspects of resuscitation for OHCA patients: intravenous or intraosseous catheter (IV/IO) access, epinephrine administration, advanced airway placement, end-tidal capnography (ETCO2) application, and cardiac rhythm verbalization. We aimed to reduce time to completion of the bundle from 302 seconds at baseline to less than 120 seconds within 1 year.

METHODS
A multidisciplinary team performed video-based review of actual OHCA resuscitations in our pediatric ED. We designed interventions aimed at key drivers of bundle performance. Interventions included specific roles and responsibilities and a standardized choreography for each bundle element. To assess the effect of the interventions, time to performance of each bundle element was measured by standardized review of video recordings from our resuscitation bay. Balancing measures were time off the chest and time to defibrillator pad placement.

RESULTS
We analyzed 56 cases of OHCA from May 2019 through May 2021. Time to bundle completion improved from a baseline of 302 seconds to 147 seconds. Four of 5 individual bundle elements also demonstrated significant improvement. These improvements were sustained without any negative impact on balancing measures.

CONCLUSIONS
Standardized choreography for the initial minutes of ED cardiac arrest resuscitation shows promise to decrease time to crucial interventions in children presenting to the pediatric ED with OHCA.
STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE Si/Mn CONTENT RATIO ON THE DENDRITIC STRUCTURE OF STEELS FOR RAILWAY AXLES
Authors: Babachenko О. , Balakhanova Т. , Safronova O. , Kononenko G. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose. Investigation of the effect of different total concentration and ratio of Si and Mn content on the dendritic structure and segregation inhomogeneity of cast carbon steel and its transformation after hot plastic deformation.
Methods of research. To determine the effect of the content of Si and Mn, experimental ingots with a variable chemical composition within the grade were made for three steel grades used for the manufacture of railway axles – grade OS according to DSTU 31334, F according to AAR M 101 and EA1N according to EN 13261. To determine the dendritic structure microstructural analysis was used after etching in sodium picrate.
Results. A comparative analysis of the microstructure of the experimental heats of steels with a variable chemical composition has been carried out. The ratio of content in steel Si and Mn in the cast state and after deformation is established. A significant effect of the total deoxidation in steel on the formation of microhardness inhomogeneity over the cross section of a carbon steel ingot and microinhomogeneity of the structure of individual sections is shown. It was found that after deformation, the central zones turned out to be the most worked out (especially for steel with a chemical composition within the EA1N grade, characterized by an increased content of Mn).
Scientific novelty. The study of the influence of fluctuations in the content of the basic elements of carbon steel leads to the development of ideas about the formation of a dendritic structure and segregation heterogeneity in railway axle steels.
Рractical value. Knowledge of the principles of segregation formation is necessary to determine further modes of deformation and heat treatment not only for continuously cast billets or ingots, but also for final products.
REGULARITIES OF INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION ON MORPHOLOGYAND TYPE OF CARBIDES IN NICKEL-BASED SUPERALLOY
Authors: Glotka O. , Greshta V. , Ol’shanetskii V. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose. It consists in optimizing the chemical composition and morphology of carbides of the welded nickel-based superalloy by changing the chemical composition, which allows to increase the performance properties of body parts by improving the shape and size of the carbide component.
Methods of research Process modeling was performed by CALPHAD method. The initial data were the chemical compositions of model alloys with different concentrations of carbide-forming elements. The result of the calculation was the chemical compositions of carbides released in the respective systems. The experimental values were processed by the method of least squares to obtain correlation dependences of the "parameter-property" type and to establish mathematical equations of regression models that optimally describe these dependences.
Results. Regularities of influence of chemical composition of metal on morphology and type of carbides are established. It is shown that depending on the introduced chemical elements in the system, the types of carbides and their chemical composition can change, which leads to a reduction of crack formation processes in the material. It is shown that the change in the composition of the material affects the shape, size and composition of the primary carbides.
Scientific novelty. The established dependences of the multicomponent system Ni-22,5Cr-19Co-1,9Al-3,7Ti-2W-1,4Ta-1Nb-0,15C allow to determine the chemical composition of carbides by the chemical composition of the alloy. This makes it possible to change the types of carbides, their composition and morphology, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the material, first of all the fatigue and heat-resistant characteristics.
Practical value. An effective solution for establishing the structural-phase state of nickel-based superalloys by optimizing their chemical composition, which allowed to improve the performance properties of the material. The established dependences can be used in optimizing the composition of industrial nickel-based superalloys and in the development of new compositions.
INCREASING THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF LOW-CARBON LOW-ALLOY STEELS BY NORMALIZING AND QUENCHING WITH A STANDBY IN THE INTERCRITICAL INTERVAL OF TEMPERATURES
Authors: Malinov L. , Malinov V. , Burova D. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose. The possibility of increasing the mechanical properties of the investigated structural steels by using technologies including holding in ICIT, as well as heating to a typical temperature of austenitization before or after holding in ICIT is shown.
Methods of research. Durometric, metallographic and X-ray research methods were used. The tensile properties and impact strength were determined. These properties were compared with those obtained for the studied steels after a typical heat treatment.
Results. It is shown that the technologies of normalization and quenching with holding in ICIT, as well as heating before or after it to a typical austenitizing temperature increasing of the mechanical properties of the studied steels in comparison with theirs level after a typical heat treatment.
Scientific novelty. Innovative technologies of normalization and quenching, which includs holding in ICIT, as well as heating before or after it to a typical austenitizing temperature, were used and showed their effectiveness.
Practical value. The technologies of normalization and quenching, which includs holding in ICIT, as well as heating before or after it to the typical temperature of austenitization are proposed for practical application
Distractores en clases remotas durante la Covid-19 en Ecuador: un análisis de percepciones
Authors: Romero Saritama José Miguel , Simaluiza Janneth 
Published: July 2022

El presente artículo realiza un diagnóstico sobre distractores y problemáticas presentadas por los estudiantes durante las clases virtuales en el confinamiento originado por la COVID-19. Se utilizó una metodología no experimental de tipo ex-post-facto y se aplicó un cuestionario ad hoc a 60 estudiantes de una institución de Educación Superior en Ecuador. Los datos se resumieron mediante estadísticos descriptivos y se realizaron pruebas de asociación. Posteriormente, se ajustó un modelo de regresión logística para explicar el número de distractores en función de los predictores. Los estudiantes identificaron varios problemas técnicos y un sinnúmero de distractores al momento de recibir las clases remotas en su hogar. No se encontró asociación entre variables, pero, se determinó alta presencia de distractores, independientemente de la carrera, del género, edad y del tipo de dispositivo. La cantidad de distractores a la que fueron expuestos los estudiantes reflejan un posible ecosistema de impactos negativos en el proceso formativo durante las clases en línea.
Factors affecting adherence to physical training in the outpatient phase of rehabilitation, in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Pomeshkina S. A. , Bezzubova V. A. , Zvereva T. N. , Kagan E. S. , Barbarash O. L. 
Published: July 2022

Aim To evaluate the outpatient physical exercise (PE) compliance and the affecting factors in patients after coronary bypass (CB).Material and methods The study included 67 men with ischemic heart disease younger than 75 years who had had CB. All patients were randomized to 2 groups: group 1 exercised on a bicycle ergometer at the rehabilitation center, under the monitoring of medical staff; patients of group 2 performed home-based exercise (HBE) by dosed walking. In the preoperative period, at one month after CB, and after 3 months of exercise, the following was evaluated: clinical condition of patients in different groups, plasma concentrations of lipids, body weight index, waist circumference, echocardiography and bicycle ergometry data, and questionnaire data (SF-36, Bek’s Depression Inventory). At 3 months of follow-up, the outpatient exercise compliance and the affecting factors were also evaluated.Results The study demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed alternative 3-month program of home-based PE. Both the patients exercising on a bicycle and those performing HBE had increased exercise tolerance (ET) and improved blood lipid concentrations. The number of obese patients decreased. Also, depression severity decreased, quality of life (physical and psychological components) improved, and compliance with drug therapy increased in both groups. Analysis of the training attendance in the recommended period showed that patients who had undergone CB were insufficiently adherent to physical rehabilitation programs, regardless of the program type (home-based or monitored). The highest PE adherence was observed in men with the following characteristics: married, working urban residents, with a previous history of cardiovascular diseases, who had regularly taken medications in the preoperative period, and who also had higher quality of life.Conclusion The proposed outpatient 3-month physical rehabilitation programs increase the effectiveness of CB, which is evident as improved adherence to modifying cardiovascular risk factors, increased ET, optimization of the psychological status and quality of life, and improved compliance with drug therapy. However, despite the proposed alternative, home-based 3-month physical rehabilitation programs aimed at increasing the treatment compliance, the level of ET remained low. This requires further improvement of methods for monitoring and motivation of patients to physical rehabilitation and psychological support that would start already at the preoperative stage.
The Valsalva load test and spectral tracking echocardiography effectiveness in the diagnosis of heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Serezhina E. K. , Obrezan A. G. 
Published: July 2022

Aim To determine the applicability of speckle-tracking EchoCG (STE) and the Valsalva maneuver for diagnosis of heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (CHFpEF).Material and methods Transthoracic STE with simultaneous electrocardiogram (ECG) recording was performed for patients with CHFpEF and healthy sex- and age-matched subjects (control group) at rest and during the Valsalva maneuver. The study was conducted in compliance with standards of Good Clinical Practice and principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Ethical Committee of the St. Petersburg State University.Results During the Valsalva maneuver, deviations of both global and segmental myocardial strain were more pronounced than at rest. In patients of the study group performing the Valsalva maneuver, LV end-diastolic volume and LV end-systolic volume (99 %) were increased. Heart rate was considerably reduced (significance of difference >99%) in patients with CHFpEF during the Valsalva maneuver compared to the control group. The increased predictive value of these parameters during the Valsalva maneuver can justify the inclusion of this method in early detection and prognostic assessment of CHFpEF.Conclusion Speckle-tracking EchoCG with the Valsalva maneuver is a noninvasive, generally available, and easily reproducible outpatient method for diagnosis of CHFpEF.
Triglyceride glucose index is related with cardiac autonomic dysfunction in patients with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Balcıoğlu Akif Serhat , Aksu Ekrem , Aykan Ahmet Çağrı 
Published: July 2022

Aim Cardiac autonomic dysfunction is encountered in approximately 25 % of patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). 24 hr Holter-ECG based heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate turbulence (HRT) parameters are used to evaluate cardiac autonomic function. We aimed to investigate the relationship between a novel insulin resistance marker, triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and cardiac autonomic dysfunction in patients with MetS.Material and methods We examined a total of 400 non-diabetic subjects, 136 with MetS and 264 without MetS. All underwent TyG index calculations, and 24 hr Holter-ECG recordings for the measurement of HRV and HRT parameters.Results HRV and HRT parameters were lower or higher in patients with MetS than in subjects without MetS, indicating cardiac autonomic dysfunction. We observed significant correlations between TyG index and measures of cardiac autonomic function. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the TyG index was an independent predictor of almost all HRV and HRT parameters.Conclusion This study demonstrates the independent relationship between cardiac autonomic dysfunction and the TyG index, a novel marker of insulin resistance in non-diabetic patients with MetS.
Federal guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Avdeev S. N. , Dekhnich A. V. , Zaytsev A. A. , Kozlov R. S. , Rachina S. A. , Rudnov V. A. , Sinopal’nikov A. I. , Tyurin I. E. , Fesenko O. V. , Chuchalin A. G. 
Published: July 2022

Community-acquired pneumonia is one of the most common acute infectious diseases that has a significant share in the structure of mortality from respiratory diseases. It is extremely important to select rational antibiotic therapy which ensures optimal clinical efficacy, improved outcome, reduced rate of antibiotic resistance selection, and minimization of side effects.Methods. The target audience of these clinical recommendations are therapists, general practitioners, pulmonologists, anesthesiologist-resuscitators, and clinical pharmacologists. Each thesis-recommendation about diagnostic and therapeutic procedures has been scored according to the scale of classes of recommendations from 1 to 5 and A, B, C scale of the levels of evidence. The clinical recommendations also contain comments and explanations to these theses, algorithms for the diagnosis and treatment, and reference materials on the use of antibacterial drugs and microbiological (culture) tests.Conclusion. The presented clinical guidelines cover current information about the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment tactics for community-acquired pneumonia. The presented clinical guidelines have been approved by the Scientific and Practical Council of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in 2021.
Federal clinical guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Avdeev S. N. , Aisanov Z. R. , Belevskiy A. S. , Ilkovich M. M. , Kogan E. A. , Merzhoeva Z. M. , Petrov D. V. , Samsonova M. V. , Terpigorev S. A. , Trushenko N. V. , Trofimenko I. N. , Tyurin I. E. , Chernyaev A. L. , Chernyak B. A. , Chernyak A. V. , Chikina S. Yu. , Chuchalin A. G. , Shmelev E. I. 
Published: July 2022

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a specific form of chronic fibrotic interstitial pneumonia with a progressive course and poor prognosis. The prevalence of IPF in the Russian Federation is about 8 – 12 cases per 100,000 population. The basic treatment of IPF is antifibrotic agents.Methodology. The target audience of these clinical recommendations are therapists, general practitioners, pulmonologists, pathologists, radiologists, and medical rehabilitation doctors. Each thesis-recommendation about diagnostic and therapeutic procedures has been scored according to the scale of classes of recommendations from 1 to 5 and A, B, C scale of the levels of evidence. Clinical recommendations also contain comments and explanations to the theses, algorithms for the diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and reference materials.Conclusion. The presented clinical guidelines cover current information about the etiology and pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. These guidelines were approved by the Scientific and Practical Council of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in 2021.
Virtual online teaching in lieu of cadaveric dissection and traditional learning methods during Anatomy classes in the lockdown times of COVID–19: Students perspective
Authors: Amol A Shinde , Purushottam R Manvikar , Dinesh K Patel 
Published: July 2022

Dissecting a cadaver is a once in a lifetime opportunity for a medical student. But considering the present COVID -19 pandemic, most of the medical colleges have stopped the cadaveric dissections and other offline teaching activities since March 2020. Virtual online classes on Zoom® meetings and Google® classroom were taken. This study is done to find theviewpoint of 1 MBBS students to use of virtual online teaching in lieu of cadaveric dissection and traditional teaching methods.Pretested questionnaires were sent to willing students. A consent form was first sent followed by first questionnaire during the online classes in August 2020. Second questionnaire was sent after offline classes in small groups were taken in December 2020.Online histology classes were preferred by 49.7% students. Osteology tutorials and classroom lectures of gross Anatomy were preferred over virtual classes. Students preferred recorded lecture to live online lecture because of connectivity issues.Online classes helped in continuation of classes during pandemic. But online lectures and virtual dissection can’t replace classroom lectures and cadaveric dissection.
Raga based music therapy amongst prediabetic: An analysis by HAM- A clinical anxiety scale
Authors: Deshkar Akshataa Atul , Kaur Manjinder , Kamble R L 
Published: July 2022

The phenomenal change is seen in the arena of music therapy; as it is evident that music therapy which was observation and experience based in the past; now became evidence based. In India it is popularly known as Raga Chikitsa. The present study was intended to determine efficacy of music therapy using raga-based Bollywood songs amongst prediabetic.The Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) was used to quantify the severity of anxiety symptomatology. Thirty prediabetic were included in the study were subjected to music therapy session for 20 minutes using raga-based Bollywood songs from Hansdhwani, Yaman, Darbari etc. The blood pressure, blood sugar and HAM A clinical Anxiety Scale score was noted down before and after the session. The post therapy fall in the blood sugar (t =6.14, P &#60; 0.05) and systolic blood pressure (t = 5.12, P &#60; 0.05) was statistically significant. The change in the diastolic blood pressure (t = 3.39, P &#62; 0.05) was insignificant. There was decrease in the CAS score post therapy when analyzed by t test the difference was significant (t= 3.83, P &#60; 0.05) for entire prediabetic group. Musical stimuli activate specific pathways in several brain areas associated with emotional behaviors, The biochemical mediators, such as endorphins, endocannabinoids, dopamine, and nitric oxide are modulator of stress response, Music therapy restore the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system and combat stress. It can be concluded that raga-based Bollywood songs are stressbuster for prediabetic. We recommend use of music therapy as adjunct modality for the management amongst prediabetic with no or mild symptoms of anxiety.
Distinctive outcomes of successive divided attention as weighed against working memory when analysed with instrumental background music – randomised control trial
Authors: Herlekar Shantala Shripad , Udachankar Gururaj M 
Published: July 2022

Music used by students during studying should help them. To assess the effect of instrumental, background music on concentration and working memory in 1-year medical students. 60-girls and 60-boys of 1-year MBBS, were randomised into music and control groups equally. Concentration was assessed using 3 different forms of SDMT as pre-test, during music/control session and post-test using total, correct and error score. For assessing working memory, Rey-Ostherrieth-complex-figure-test was used. (significant p value&#60;0.05).Music group showed significant improvement in correct (p=0.02) and total (p=0.029) scores during post-test while errors reduced (p=0.002). For ROCF, recall was better in music group compared to controls but the values were not statistically significant (p=0.223). Performance improves with repetition of a specified task; the improvement can be enhanced by associating it with background instrumental music. Performance is best seen at the end of music session showing that, music can increase the required arousal to an optimal level. Instrumental music does not seem to have an influence on working memory, it does not hamper it.Students can be advised to use instrumental music, preferably of raga Malkauns, in background while studying which will help them concentrate better and will not hamper their retention.