bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of knowledge economy in Asian business
Authors: Zeb Shumaila 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe study examines the role of the knowledge economy (KE) in Asian businesses in 45 countries for 2000–2019. KE indicators include education, economic incentives, innovation, institutional regime, and information and communication technology. The business indicators used in the study are starting, doing, and closing business. The empirical analysis is carried out by applying principal component analysis (PCA) and instrument variable panel fixed effects estimator. The results proved that the KE indicators are essential to improve businesses in Asia. They help the economies to boost their business sector and help to fight against poverty and unemployment.
The metabolic changes that effect fruit quality during tomato fruit ripening
Authors: Zhu Feng , Wen Weiwei , Cheng Yunjiang , Fernie Alisdair R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs the most valuable organ of tomato plants, fruit has attracted considerable attention which most focus on its quality formation during the ripening process. A considerable amount of research has reported that fruit quality is affected by metabolic shifts which are under the coordinated regulation of both structural genes and transcriptional regulators. In recent years, with the development of the next generation sequencing, molecular and genetic analysis methods, lots of genes which are involved in the chlorophyll, carotenoid, cell wall, central and secondary metabolism have been identified and confirmed to regulate pigment contents, fruit softening and other aspects of fruit flavor quality. Here, both research concerning the dissection of fruit quality related metabolic changes, the transcriptional and post-translational regulation of these metabolic pathways are reviewed. Furthermore, a weighted gene correlation network analysis of representative genes of fruit quality has been carried out and the potential of the combined application of the gene correlation network analysis, fine-mapping strategies and next generation sequencing to identify novel candidate genes determinants of fruit quality is discussed.
Validation of the Greek version of the Affiliate Stigma Scale among mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Papadopoulos Angelos , Tafiadis Dionysios , Tsapara Angeliki , Skapinakis Petros , Tzoufi Meropi , Siafaka Vassiliki 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundCaregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are sensitive to the internalisation of the stigma, known as affiliate stigma, resulting in reduced self-esteem, isolation and poor psychological well-being.AimsThis study aims to validate the Greek version of the Affiliate Stigma Scale (ASS) among mothers of children with ASD.MethodThe translated version of ASS in Greek was administered to 53 mothers of children newly diagnosed with ASD in two time periods: 1–6 months from diagnosis (time point 1) and 12 months from the initial assessment (time point 2). The control group consisted of 62 mothers of typically developing children.ResultsThe ASS total mean score revealed a moderate level of stigma to the ASD group in both assessments. The reliability measures by item showed a satisfactory composite reliability (affective 0.828, cognitive 0.833, behaviour 0.857). Cronbach's alpha revealed that the estimated internal consistency was excellent (α= 0.888), and it found a high positive item-total correlation. Receiver operating characteristic analysis results indicated a statistically significant positive discrimination (area under the curve 0.849,P= 0.000) between the groups. The cut-off point was 31.00, with a sensitivity of 0.849 and a 1 – sensitivity of 0.258.ConclusionsThe proposed version of the ASS has good psychometric properties and is valid and reliable for measuring affiliate stigma among caregivers of children with ASD in Greece. Health professionals can use it to assess and understand the stigma experienced by caregivers of children with ASD, and design appropriate interventions to reduce their affiliate stigma.
Real-World Analysis of Off-Label Use of Molecularly Targeted Therapy in a Large Academic Medical Center Cohort
Authors: Upadhyay Vivek A. , Johnson Bruce E. , Landman Adam B. , Hassett Michael J. 
Published: January 2022

PURPOSE The primary objective of this study is to quantify the use of off-label molecularly targeted therapy and describe the clinical situations in which off-label targeted therapy are used. A key secondary objective is to report the outcomes of patients treated with off-label use of targeted therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS We searched the electronic health record between 2000 and 2020 at our center to characterize the volume, clinical settings, and outcomes associated with off-label use of targeted therapies in different types of solid tumors. RESULTS Among 46,712 patients who received targeted therapies, we identified 119 instances of off-label use of targeted therapy. Colon cancer was the most common cancer type to receive off-label targeted therapy in 18 patients (15.1%), followed by 13 with non–small-cell lung cancer (10.9%), eight with cholangiocarcinoma (6.7%), and seven with glioblastoma (5.9%). The most frequent molecular rationale for off-label therapy came from a comprehensive next-generation sequencing test (53.7%). The most frequently mutated gene that provided the rationale for targeted therapy was BRAF (20.1%), with BRAFV600E being the most common molecular alteration overall (15.1%). The median duration of off-label targeted therapy was 3.58 months, and the overall survival of treated patients was 7.59 months. There were 37 patients (31.1%) treated for longer than 6 months, 23 patients (19.3%) who survived ≥ 2 years, and 13 patients who were still on therapy as of June 2020. CONCLUSION In this large cohort study of patients with solid tumors, off-label use of targeted therapy was uncommon. With that said, a notable proportion of patients had treatment durations ≥ 6 months and survivals of ≥ 2 years.
Implementing the Design of Experiments (DoE) Concept into the Development Phase of Orodispersible Minitablets (ODMTs) Containing Melatonin
Authors: Hejduk Arkadiusz , Teżyk Michał , Jakubowska Emilia , Krüger Klaudia , Lulek Janina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDevelopment of orodispersible minitablets (ODMTs) requires consideration of aspects related to small dimensions, while ensuring short disintegration time with sufficient mechanical stability. In order to meet these and other critical quality attributes (CQAs), quality by design is encouraged. According to this approach, formulation and compression process factors were systematically studied using design of experiments (Plackett-Burman for screening purposes, full and fractional factorial design for in-depth characterization) to understand their influence on CQAs of orodispersible minitablets containing melatonin. Mathematical models describing the relationships between processing variables and attributes such as resistance to crushing and disintegration time were successfully developed, characterized by high coefficients of determination (R2adj = 0.90–0.97) and prediction errors in the range (+2.4 to −10.8%). In conclusion, based on these models, the design space was created for melatonin ODMTs, ensuring the product’s quality and process robustness. Moreover, the study demonstrated the suitability of texture analysis as an alternative to compendial measurement methods of resistance to crushing and disintegration time.
Surface plasmonic catalysis based on molecular optomechanics
Authors: Liu Jian , He Fei , Zhu Ka Di 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Nowadays, researchers find that the surface plasmons can mediate some chemical reactions through the generation of the confined plasmonic field, excited electrons, and local heating effect. In this article we suggest a new surface plasmonic photocatalysis mechanism based on the molecular optomechanics which is not considered before. A reaction kinetic model was established to achieve a quantitative study of catalytic efficiency. The catalytic mechanism is not limited to a specific chemical reaction, all molecules with Raman activity can be accelerated dramatically in reaction. For molecules with different mechanical properties, the corresponding optomechanical catalytic pathway needs to be selected. We hope that this work will provide guidance for achieving strong or even ultrastrong catalyses under specific optical conditions. We further demonstrate that the optomechanical effects can also be used for the deceleration, which provides the possibility to design a highly tunable chemical reaction system. We believe that the quantum photochemistry will be further developed and widely used in future research.
Severe Intraoperative Hyperglycemia and Infectious Complications After Elective Brain Neurosurgical Procedures: Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Kulikov Alexander , Krovko Yulia , Nikitin Alexander , Shmigelsky Alexander , Zagidullin Timur , Ershova Olga , Gadzhieva Olga , Bilotta Federico 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND:
Postoperative infections after brain surgery are a serious complication potentially worsening the outcome of surgical treatment. Severe intraoperative hyperglycemia (SIH) contributes to both infectious and noninfectious postoperative complications. However, there are a lack of data on the incidence of SIH in patients undergoing elective neurosurgical brain procedures and its association with the risk of postoperative infections.

METHODS:
A total of 514 patients were prospectively enrolled in this single-center observational cohort clinical study to assess the incidence of SIH (blood glucose concentration [BGC] ≥180 mg/dL) in adult patients undergoing elective brain neurosurgical procedures and its association with postoperative infections. Both nondiabetic and diabetic patients were included in the study. BGC was determined by whole-blood analyses taken at the beginning and at the end of the surgery. Diagnosis of infection (wound, pulmonary, blood stream, urinary tract infection, or central nervous system infection) was established according to US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria within the first postoperative week.

RESULTS:
SIH was recorded in at least 1 blood sample in 23 patients (4.5%). Infectious complications within the first postoperative week were diagnosed in 40 patients (7.8%). Five of 23 patients (22%) with SIH had postoperative infections, compared with 35 of 491 patients (7%) without SIH (odds ratio [OR] = 3.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24–11.09; P = .018 after fitting a multiple logistic regression model to adjust for age, body mass index [BMI], and surgery duration). Intraoperative BGC >140 mg/dL was also associated with an increased risk of postoperative infections (OR = 3.10; 95% CI, 1.43–6.75; P = .004). Elevated preoperative glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentration was also associated with postoperative infections in the study population (OR = 2.4; 95% CI, 1.02–6.00; P = .045). Age, BMI, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status, type of surgery, and duration of intervention had no significant association with the postoperative infection rate.

CONCLUSIONS:
SIH is associated with a higher risk of infections within the first postoperative week in patients undergoing elective brain neurosurgical procedures. Preoperative HbA1c is a reliable marker of the potential risk both of SIH and postoperative infections in the selected cohort. Future studies need to assess possible improvements in outcome under more precise monitoring and tighter control of perioperative hyperglycemia.
Revascularization of Hemorrhagic Moyamoya Disease in a North American Cohort: The Role of Timing in Perioperative and Long-Term Outcomes
Authors: Xu Risheng , Xie Michael E. , Feghali James , Yang Wuyang , Kim Jennifer , Lee Ryan , Liew Jason , Tamargo Rafael J. , Huang Judy 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND:Several East Asian studies have examined the role of revascularization in the context of hemorrhagic moyamoya disease (MMD) and found a decrease in postoperative rehemorrhage rates. To date, no data exist comparing revascularization with conservative management in North American patients with hemorrhagic MMD.OBJECTIVE:To compare the clinical outcomes of conservative management vs surgical revascularization for North American patients with hemorrhagic MMD and investigate the effect of revascularization timing.METHODS:We retrospectively studied the mortality and stroke-free survival of patients with MMD presenting with hemorrhagic stroke between 1994 and 2015.RESULTS:The diagnosis of hemorrhagic MMD was established in 38 patients. Seventeen patients were managed conservatively, and 21 were surgically revascularized. Twelve patients underwent revascularization within 6 months of hemorrhage, and 9 underwent surgery in a delayed fashion. Six conservatively managed patients (35.3%) died within the follow-up period compared with 0 (0%) surgically revascularized patients,P= .004. Conservatively managed patients also experienced an increased number of postoperative strokes,P= .037, and shorter stroke-free survival compared with patients undergoing revascularization,P= .047. On multivariate analysis, increased age, worse baseline modified Rankin score, and conservative management were independently associated with worse neurological outcomes,P< .05. Early revascularization was associated with higher rates of postoperative seizures,P= .033, and wound complications,P= .031, compared with those who underwent delayed surgery.CONCLUSION:Conservative management in a North American patient cohort was associated with greater mortality and worsened neurological outcomes compared with those undergoing revascularization. Early revascularization was associated with higher rates of postoperative seizures and wound complications, although these risks must be balanced against the risk of rehemorrhage.
Astrocyte-intrinsic and -extrinsic Fat1 activities regulate astrocyte development and angiogenesis in the retina
Authors: Helmbacher Françoise 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Angiogenesis is a stepwise process leading to blood vessel formation. In the vertebrate retina, endothelial cells are guided by astrocytes migrating along the inner surface, and the two processes are coupled by a tightly regulated cross-talks between the two cell types. Here, I have investigated how the FAT1 cadherin, a regulator of tissue morphogenesis that governs tissue cross-talk, influences retinal vascular development. Late-onset Fat1 inactivation in the neural lineage in mice, by interfering with astrocyte progenitor migration polarity and maturation, delayed postnatal retinal angiogenesis, leading to persistent vascular abnormalities in adult retinas. Impaired astrocyte migration and polarity were not associated with alterations of retinal ganglion cell axonal trajectories or of the inner limiting membrane. In contrast, inducible Fat1 ablation in postnatal astrocytes was sufficient to alter their migration polarity and proliferation. Altogether, this study uncovers astrocyte-intrinsic and -extrinsic Fat1 activities that influence astrocyte migration polarity, proliferation and maturation, disruption of which impacts retinal vascular development and maintenance.
Transmural pressure signals through retinoic acid to regulate lung branching
Authors: Jaslove Jacob M. , Goodwin Katharine , Sundarakrishnan Aswin , Spurlin James W. , Mao Sheng , Košmrlj Andrej , Nelson Celeste M. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
During development, the mammalian lung undergoes several rounds of branching, the rate of which is tuned by the relative pressure of the fluid within the lumen of the lung. We carried out bioinformatics analysis of RNA-sequencing of embryonic mouse lungs cultured under physiologic or sub-physiologic transmural pressure and identified transcription factor-binding motifs near genes whose expression changes in response to pressure. Surprisingly, we found retinoic acid (RA) receptor binding sites significantly overrepresented in the promoters and enhancers of pressure-responsive genes. Consistently, increasing transmural pressure activates RA signaling, and pharmacologically inhibiting RA signaling decreases airway epithelial branching and smooth muscle wrapping. We found that pressure activates RA signaling through the mechanosensor Yap. A computational model predicts that mechanical signaling through Yap and RA affects lung branching by altering the balance between epithelial proliferation and smooth muscle wrapping, which we test experimentally. Our results reveal that transmural pressure signals through RA to balance the relative rates of epithelial growth and smooth muscle differentiation in the developing mouse lung and identify RA as a previously unreported component in the mechanotransduction machinery of embryonic tissues.
The Cdc42 GTPase-activating protein Rga6 promotes the cortical localization of septin
Authors: Zheng Shengnan , Zheng Biyu , Liu Zhenbang , Ma Xiaopeng , Liu Xing , Yao Xuebiao , Wei Wenfan , Fu Chuanhai 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Septins are a family of filament-forming GTP-binding proteins that regulate fundamental cellular activities, such as cytokinesis and cell polarity. In general, septin filaments function as barriers and scaffolds on the cell cortex. However, little is known about the mechanism that governs the recruitment and localization of the septin complex to the cell cortex. Here, we identified the Cdc42 GTPase-activating protein Rga6 as a key protein involved in promoting the localization of the septin complex to the cell cortex in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Rga6 interacts with the septin complex and partially colocalizes with the septin complex on the cell cortex. Live-cell microscopy analysis further showed septin enrichment at the cortical regions adjacent to the growing cell tip. The septin enrichment likely plays a crucial role in confining active Cdc42 to the growing cell tip. Hence, our findings support a model whereby Rga6 regulates polarized cell growth partly through promoting targeted localization of the septin complex on the cell cortex.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Stimulus-dependent orientation strategies in monarch butterflies
Authors: Franzke Myriam , Kraus Christian , Gayler Maria , Dreyer David , Pfeiffer Keram , el Jundi Basil 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Insects are well known for their ability to keep track of their heading direction based on a combination of skylight cues and visual landmarks. This allows them to navigate back to their nest, disperse throughout unfamiliar environments, as well as migrate over large distances between their breeding and non-breeding habitats. The monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus), for instance, is known for its annual southward migration from North America to certain trees in Central Mexico. To maintain a constant flight route, these butterflies use a time-compensated sun compass, which is processed in a region in the brain, termed the central complex. However, to successfully complete their journey, the butterflies’ brain must generate a multitude of orientation strategies, allowing them to dynamically switch from sun-compass orientation to a tactic behavior toward a certain target. To study whether monarch butterflies exhibit different orientation modes and if they can switch between them, we observed the orientation behavior of tethered flying butterflies in a flight simulator while presenting different visual cues to them. We found that the butterflies' behavior depended on the presented visual stimulus. Thus, while a dark stripe was used for flight stabilization, a bright stripe was fixated by the butterflies in their frontal visual field. If we replaced a bright stripe with a simulated sun stimulus, the butterflies switched their behavior and exhibited compass orientation. Taken together, our data show that monarch butterflies rely on and switch between different orientation modes, allowing the animal to adjust orientation to its actual behavioral demands.
Receptive field structures for two celestial compass cues at the input stage of the central complex in the locust brain
Authors: Takahashi Naomi , Zittrell Frederick , Hensgen Ronja , Homberg Uwe 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Successful navigation depends on an animal's ability to perceive its spatial orientation relative to visual surroundings. Heading direction in insects is represented in the central complex (CX), a navigation center in the brain, to generate steering commands. In insects that navigate relative to sky compass signals, CX neurons are tuned to celestial cues indicating the location of the sun. The desert locust CX contains a compass-like representation of two related celestial cues: the direction of unpolarized direct sunlight and the pattern of polarized light, which depends on the sun position. Whether congruent tuning to these two compass cues emerges within the CX network or is inherited from CX input neurons is unclear. To address this question, we intracellularly recorded from GABA-immunoreactive TL neurons, which are input elements to the locust CX (corresponding to R neurons in Drosophila), while applying visual stimuli simulating unpolarized sunlight and polarized light across the hemisphere above the animal. We show that TL neurons have large receptive fields for both types of stimuli. However, faithful integration of polarization angles across the dorsal hemisphere, or matched-filter ability to encode particular sun positions, was found in only two out of 22 recordings. Those two neurons also showed a good match in sun position coding through polarized and unpolarized light signaling, whereas 20 neurons showed substantial mismatch in signaling of the two compass cues. The data, therefore, suggest that considerable refinement of azimuth coding based on sky compass signals occurs at the synapses from TL neurons to postsynaptic CX compass neurons.