bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomic data and opacity calculations in La v–x ions for the investigation of kilonova emission spectra
Authors: Carvajal Gallego H , Berengut J C , Palmeri P , Quinet P 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
A new set of radiative parameters for spectral lines in La v–x ions is reported in this paper. These data were determined through the use of a multiplatform approach involving three independent theoretical methods, i.e. the relativistic Hartree–Fock method including core-polarization corrections (HFR + CPOL), the multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock (MCDHF) method, and the particle-hole configuration-interaction (PH-CI) method implemented in the AMBiT program. Based on cross-comparisons between the results obtained with these three methods, and from comparisons with the few previously published experimental and theoretical data, the most complete and reliable set of wavelengths, transition probabilities, and oscillator strengths was then used to determine the necessary opacities for the analysis of the spectra emitted in the early phases of kilonovae following neutron star mergers, i.e. for typical conditions corresponding to temperatures $T \gt 20\,000 $ K, a density ρ = 10−10 g cm−3, and a time after the merger t = 0.1 d.
Detection of quasi-periodic micro-structure in three millisecond pulsars with the Large European Array for Pulsars
Authors: Liu K , Antoniadis J , Bassa C G , Chen S , Cognard I , Gaikwad M , Hu H , Jang J , Janssen G H , Karuppusamy R , Kramer M , Lee K J , Main R A , Mall G , McKee J W , Mickaliger M B , Perrodin D , Sanidas S A , Stappers B W , Wang L , Zhu W W , Burgay M , Concu R , Corongiu A , Melis A , Pilia M , Possenti A 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
We report on the detection of quasi-periodic micro-structure in three millisecond pulsars (MSPs), PSRs J1022+1001, J2145−0750, and J1744−1134, using high time resolution data acquired with the Large European Array for Pulsars at a radio frequency of 1.4 GHz. The occurrence rate of quasi-periodic micro-structure is consistent among pulses with different peak flux densities. Using an auto-correlation analysis, we measure the periodicity and width of the micro-structure in these three pulsars. The detected micro-structure from PSRs J1022+1001 and J1744−1134 is often highly linearly polarized. In PSR J1022+1001, the linear polarization position angles of micro-structure pulses are in general flat with a small degree of variation. Using these results, we further examine the frequency and rotational period dependency of micro-structure properties established in previous work, along with the angular beaming and temporal modulation models that explain the appearance of micro-structure. We also discuss a possible link of micro-structure to the properties of some of the recently discovered fast radio bursts which exhibit a very similar emission morphology.
3D intrinsic shapes of quiescent galaxies in observations and simulations
Authors: Zhang Junkai , Wuyts Stijn , Witten Callum , Avery Charlotte R , Hao Lei , Sharma Raman , Shen Juntai , Toshikawa Jun , Villforth Carolin 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
We study the intrinsic 3D shapes of quiescent galaxies over the last half of cosmic history based on their axial ratio distribution. To this end, we construct a sample of unprecedented size, exploiting multiwavelength u-to-Ks photometry from the deep wide-area surveys KiDS+VIKING paired with high-quality i-band imaging from HSC-SSP. The dependences of the shapes on mass, redshift, photometric bulge prominence and environment are considered. For comparison, the intrinsic shapes of quenched galaxies in the IllustrisTNG simulations are analysed and contrasted with their formation history. We find that over the full 0 &lt; z &lt; 0.9 range, and in both simulations and observations, spheroidal 3D shapes become more abundant at $M_* \gt 10^{11}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$, with the effect being most pronounced at lower redshifts. In TNG, the most massive galaxies feature the highest ex situ stellar mass fractions, pointing to violent relaxation via mergers as the mechanism responsible for their 3D shape transformation. Larger differences between observed and simulated shapes are found at low to intermediate masses. At any mass, the most spheroidal quiescent galaxies in TNG feature the highest bulge mass fractions, and, conversely, observed quiescent galaxies with the highest bulge-to-total ratios are found to be intrinsically the roundest. Finally, we detect an environmental influence on galaxy shape, at least at the highest masses, such that at fixed mass and redshift, quiescent galaxies tend to be rounder in denser environments.
On the viability of determining galaxy properties from observations – I. Star formation rates and kinematics
Authors: Grisdale Kearn , Hogan Laurence , Rigopoulou Dimitra , Thatte Niranjan , Pereira-Santaella Miguel , Devriendt Julien , Slyz Adrianne , García-Bernete Ismael , Dubois Yohan , Yi Sukyoung K , Kraljic Katarina 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
We explore how observations relate to the physical properties of the emitting galaxies by post-processing a pair of merging z ∼ 2 galaxies from the cosmological, hydrodynamical simulation NewHorizon, using lcars (Light from Cloudy Added to RAMSES) to encode the physical properties of the simulated galaxy into H α emission line. By carrying out mock observations and analysis on these data cubes, we ascertain which physical properties of the galaxy will be recoverable with the HARMONI spectrograph on the European Extremely Large Telescope (ELT). We are able to estimate the galaxy’s star formation rate and dynamical mass to a reasonable degree of accuracy, with values within a factor of 1.81 and 1.38 of the true value. The kinematic structure of the galaxy is also recovered in mock observations. Furthermore, we are able to recover radial profiles of the velocity dispersion and are therefore able to calculate how the dynamical ratio varies as a function of distance from the galaxy centre. Finally, we show that when calculated on galaxy scales the dynamical ratio does not always provide a reliable measure of a galaxy’s stability against gravity or act as an indicator of a minor merger.
Atheism and Meaning in Life
Authors: Wielenberg Erik J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter takes the case of Sisyphus as a springboard for an examination of meaning in human life under the assumptions that there is no God, there are no non-physicals souls, there is no afterlife, reincarnation never occurs, and each human being’s death marks the permanent end of his or her actions and experiences. Different types of meaning that a life might have are distinguished, most importantly intrinsic meaning and extrinsic meaning, and various sources of meaning in life in a godless universe are identified. These include love, flow, identifying with or working toward something larger than oneself, responding to unavoidable suffering in a certain way, and contributing to social or individual harmony. Following that, some prominent arguments for the view that atheism implies that all human lives are meaningless are critically examined. The conclusion of that discussion is that the claim that atheism entails meaninglessness is implausible.
Meaning and Morality
Authors: May Todd 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
There are different views of what makes a life meaningful and, as a result, different views of the relationship of meaningfulness to morality. After a short discussion of subjective views of meaningfulness, this chapter turns toward Susan Wolf’s view that meaningfulness arises from the coincidence of subjective engagement and objective worthwhileness. It is suggested that one strong candidate for objective worthwhileness is narrative values, values that characterize the trajectory of a life. Examples of narrative values would be intensity, spontaneity, adventurousness, spirituality, and so on. Lives, or at least large segments of them, can be characterized thematically in terms of narrative values. On this view, the relationship between meaningfulness and morality is contingent: sometimes in conflict, other times not.
Subjectivism and Objectivism about Meaning in Life
Authors: Johansson Jens , Svensson Frans 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter is an opinionated survey of three main views about meaning in life: objectivism, on which a component of a person’s life can contribute meaning to it even if she in no way cares about the component; pure subjectivism, on which the person’s caring about the component in some suitable way is all it takes for the component to contribute meaning to her life; and hybridism, on which whether a component of someone’s life contributes meaning to it depends both on her caring about the component in some suitable way and the objective value of the component. The authors discuss various central challenges that these three views respectively face. Among other things, they provide reasons to think that the challenges for pure subjectivism are less serious than they are ordinarily taken to be, and less serious than those that confront objectivism and hybridism.
Nature, Animals, and Meaning in Life
Authors: McShane Katie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter argues against human-centredness in theorizing about meaning in life. First, it argues that the non-human natural world can be a source of meaning in human lives in ways that theorists often ignore. Second, it argues that the non-human natural world can also be a locus of meaningful lives. According to many theories of meaning in life, at least some cognitively sophisticated, emotionally complex, social non-human animals (such as elephants and wolves) are capable of leading meaningful lives. The most plausible way to rule out the possibility of meaningful animal lives would be to adopt criteria for meaning so strict that many human lives would also be prevented from having meaning.
Disability and Human Rights
Authors: Campos Pinto Paula 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Using a sociological perspective, this chapter examines the social and political conditions that have enabled the emergence and wide dissemination of the human rights model of disability. Taking the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities as the hallmark of this paradigm shift, it provides an overview of the treaty and discusses the meaning and scope of the changes involved in the human rights model of disability, enshrined in this convention. Next, it highlights epistemological, theoretical, and methodological tools of the sociology of human rights and consider their potential for understanding disability rights struggles and achievements worldwide. In the final section, drawing on the experience gathered from the implementation of Disability Rights Promotion International (DRPI), a global initiative to monitor disability rights worldwide, the chapter discusses the opportunities and challenges facing a sociologist from the Global North conducting research on disability rights in the Global South.
Cumulative Disadvantage in Employment
Authors: Shuey Kim , Willson Andrea 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Theories on the accumulative nature of disadvantage across the life course suggest that disability during the working years contributes to future disadvantage into old age. This chapter reviews theories of cumulative dis/advantage and illustrates their application using Panel Study of Income Dynamics data to examine wealth accumulation associated with longitudinal patterns of work disability across the life course beginning in early adulthood. The accumulation of economic disadvantage across the life course associated with disability can be seen in findings related to the timing and duration of work disability and its relationship with accumulated wealth approaching retirement. For example, among those with early-onset work disability, over half were in the bottom wealth quartile in their mid-60s, compared to one-fifth of those who never experienced a work disability. Individuals experiencing disability on and off over the work life course were almost three times more likely than the never work disabled to have wealth in the bottom wealth quartile, and those who never experienced a work disability were more likely to be in the top wealth quartile.
A Critical Review of Approaches to Erasing the Stigma
of Mental Illness
Authors: Sheehan Lindsay , Corrigan Patrick W. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Strategies to diminish stigma’s harm are driven by three agendas. (1) A services agenda, which seeks to decrease stigma so people better engage in care, (2) a rights agenda, which seeks to stem the injustice of stigma so people are able to meet life goals and aspirations, and (3) a self-worth agenda, which strives to replace shame with self-affirming attitudes in people impacted by stigma. With these agendas in mind, we summarize research on anti-stigma strategies in terms of public stigma and self-stigma. Two approaches have dominated efforts to lessen public stigma approaches: education and contact. Contrary to the predominance of education in public health approaches to attitude change, education effects are relatively muted, especially compared to contact. Research consistently shows that public encounters with people in recovery lead to significant improvements in stigma. Several approaches to self-stigma change have emerged, including psychoeducation, cognitive-behavioral, and strategic disclosure. Psychoeducation teaches people who internalize stereotypes about how these stereotypes are false. Cognitive-behavioral strategies then guide participants in challenging the false stereotypes they have used to cause personal shame. Strategic disclosure reflects insights on how being in the stigma closet harms self-esteem and self-efficacy. People who decide to come out with their mental health experiences report less self-stigma and greater empowerment. Unlike public stigma, research is unclear about the success of these self-stigma approaches vis-à-vis the others.
The Image of God in Ecological Perspective
Authors: Middleton J. Richard 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
On the surface, being created in the image of God, with its concomitant idea of dominion, seems to separate humans from the rest of creation, but imago Dei texts in the Bible actually portray human interconnectedness with the non-human realm. This combination of human distinctiveness and interconnection with other creatures grounds the portrayal in the Torah and the Prophets, of human actions impacting the non-human world, whether for good or ill. And in both Testaments, human salvation is inseparable from the renewal of the heavens and the earth. A careful reading of explicit and implicit references to humanity as the image of God in the Bible thus yields a profound ecological perspective, which may provide guidance in thinking about normative relationships between humans and the earth.
Deuteronomy
Authors: Person Raymond F. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Building on the author’s monograph Deuteronomy and Environmental Amnesia, this chapter discusses how important remembering rightly is in the Book of Deuteronomy, so much so that we must keep this theme in mind when interpreting even those passages that do not include the verb “remember.” This is illustrated by an interpretation of Deut 6:4–9 as a Deuteronomic admonition that would have promoted to its ancient readers/hearers a remedy for their environmental amnesia by means of their constant reflection on God’s words written on human bodies, built structures (such as doorposts), and the entire landscape. The chapter then applies this remedy to our present forms of environmental amnesia, most clearly illustrated in climate change deniers’ refusal to read God’s words as revealed in natural history, the Book of Nature, and natural law.
The Book of Job
Authors: Schifferdecker Kathryn 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The whirlwind speeches at the end of the book of Job (38–41) provide an essential “voice” in the conversation about Bible and ecology. Job asks the question, “What are human beings?” (Job 7:17), and the voice from the whirlwind answers the question with a resounding silence about humanity. Nevertheless, humanity (in the person of Job) plays an important role in the whirlwind speeches, as the sole passenger on God’s tour of the cosmos. Those speeches call human beings to humility—to know their place in the world but also to wonder and to justice. These biblical texts are particularly pertinent for us today, as we wrestle with the effects of human activity on the earth’s climate and ecosystems.
Attitudes to Nature in the Hebrew Bible and the Ancient Near East
Authors: Simkins Ronald A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
With the publication of Lynn White Jr.’s seminal essay, the biblical attitude to nature became a scholarly concern. Initial work had an apologetic bent, defending the Bible against misuse and misinterpretation, but more recent studies have critically assessed the role of nature in the Bible within its historical and social context. The Bible emerged out of an agrarian worldview of the ancient Near East and largely shares the same attitudes to nature as Israel’s Near Eastern neighbors. For the ancient Near Eastern peoples, there was no nature independent and separate from human beings, and the presence and will of the gods could be expressed through the material world. This worldview is expressed through three distinct attitudes to nature in the biblical and ancient Near Eastern literature: a mastery-over-nature, a harmony-with-nature, and a subjugation-to-nature attitude.
Revelation
Authors: Kiel Micah D. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
With its manifold destruction of flora and fauna, the Book of Revelation may initially seem detrimental to ecological concerns. When the book is set in its ancient context and understood as a reaction against Rome’s propaganda, one can see its rejection of empire and the ecological devastation it wrought. Rome destroyed the ancient environment in myriad ways and claimed total control of the universe. For John of Patmos and his communities, Rome’s propaganda and environmental destruction were an affront to their own monotheistic belief in God as creator and sustainer of the universe. Heeding John’s message today would require a radical allegiance to God that would require a rejection of the ways empire tramples the earth. John was not consciously writing an ecological manifesto, but when read with sensitivity to ecological concerns, his Revelation has profound implications for how Christians should think about, and treat, the environment today.
The Sea and Ecology
Authors: Watson Rebecca S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The study of the sea in the Bible has been governed by an interest in chaos; this and the dominance, until recently, of “green” over “blue” ecology means that ecological approaches to the sea in the Bible are as yet comparatively undeveloped. There are two primary areas of research focus: on the sea itself and also on the varied life it supports. Both are portrayed as creatures of God and as responding to him in praise and obedience, as well as being vulnerable to climate change and pollution. In addition, the sea may be understood both as a source of life and as an increasing threat, with rising sea levels being of particular concern to island and coastal communities. The biblical theme of “chaos” is particularly problematic for “blue” theology, yet there are fresh approaches here, too, from challenging underlying models of dominion and recovering the sea’s “voice” to questioning the applicability of this motif to a range of biblical passages or balancing it with contrasting marine images. Interest in sea creatures is brought into dialogue with biblical material especially in relation to fishing, with the ideas of “stewardship” and sabbath rest or jubilee being discussed in relation to fisheries. This chapter briefly discusses some of the key passages relating to the sea in the Bible, such as Rev 21:1; Gen 1; Ps 104:24–26 and the divine speeches of Job, and it concludes by suggesting some future avenues for research.
Literary Ecocriticism and the Bible
Authors: Burbery Timothy J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Literary ecocriticism is an interpretive method that has been applied to the Bible and to biblically informed literary texts, though in both cases perhaps less often than might be expected. Both literary and biblical scholars stand to gain from a greater awareness of ecocritical insights and approaches. To that end, this chapter provides an overview of ecocriticism, examines critical interventions into scripturally inflected nature writing, and concludes by exploring obstacles and opportunities for religious and secular scholars who are interested in practicing literary ecocritique. Among the two challenges engaged are the discourses of postcolonialism and material ecocriticism.
What Is the Role of Ritual in Binding Communities Together?
Authors: Whitehouse Harvey , Kavanagh Christopher M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
It has long been recognized that participation in collective rituals strengthens group cohesion. In recent decades, researchers have begun to disambiguate the psychological mechanisms involved, including social synchrony, causal opacity, shared memory, and the transmission of group-identity markers. The focus here is on the ways in which the performance frequency and emotional intensity of collective rituals influence the way these mechanisms operate and what the downstream behavioral consequences of this are. Much of the research on this topic has been conducted within the conceptual framework provided by the theory of the modes of religiosity, which distinguishes two main kinds of collective rituals: high frequency and low arousal (doctrinal) and low frequency and high arousal (imagistic). We expand this framework to also incorporate theories about the role of fusion, identification, normative tightness-looseness, relational mobility, supernatural moral enforcement, and credibility-enhancing displays (CREDs) in motivating prosocial action.
The Cognitive Study of Religious Activity
Authors: Boyer Pascal 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The emergence of a cognitive science of religion has revolutionized our understanding of the processes whereby humans acquire and transmit representations of gods, spirits, and other superhuman agents. To advance even further, the discipline should address the ambiguities concerning two crucial questions. One is the assimilation, under the umbrella of “religion,” of two very different sets of phenomena: the informal activities of religious practitioners (e.g., shamans) in small-scale societies and the services religious organizations provide in larger, state societies. Another difficulty stems from the fact that many evolutionary models take specific beliefs as a starting point for religious activities, when in fact, many beliefs are the possible endpoint of religious activity. A clearer understanding of these two points will provide better tools for understanding religious thought and behavior.
The Nature of Humans
Authors: Richert Rebekah A. , Lesage Kirsten A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter outlines how humans conceive of other humans and looks at the interacting roles of cognitive biases and cultural processes in the development of these conceptions. Extant prior research has argued that conceptions of other humans rely on folk theories of physics, biology, and psychology. Evidence from developmental psychology also indicates that children and adults have intuitions that individuals have a quintessence that confers a unique identity. The social and environmental context of an individual, as well as the cultural practices, become part of that individual’s quintessence. The chapter concludes by proposing that in addition to relying on folk physics, biology, and psychology, humans also employ a folk anthropology in reasoning about other humans. This folk anthropology system is dedicated to processing inferences about how an individual’s essence is maintained or altered by social, environmental, and cultural contexts and practices.