bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost-Effectiveness of Intensive Versus Standard Blood Pressure Treatment in Older Patients With Hypertension in China
Authors: Fan Jiali , Zheng Wanji , Liu Wei , Xu Juan , Zhou Lan , Liu Shihe , Bai Jingjing , Qi Yue , Huang Weidong , Liu Kejun , Cai Jun 
Published: October 2022

Background:
In the STEP trial (Strategy of Blood Pressure Intervention in older Hypertensive Patients), the risk of cardiovascular events is significantly lower in patients who received intensive systolic blood psressure (BP) treatment than in those who received standard treatment. This study compared the lifetime health benefits and medical costs of intensive BP treatment with those of standard BP treatment.

Methods:
A microsimulation model included 10 000 hypothetical samples of Chinese adults aged 60 to 80 years old with baseline systolic BP higher than 140 mm Hg. Primary outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio from a payer’s perspective. Secondary outcome was cardiovascular events, including acute coronary syndrome, stroke, acute decompensated heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and death from cardiovascular causes.

Results:
The model simulated that cardiovascular events occurred in 36.88% of the patients in the intensive treatment group, as compared to 41.28% of the patients in the standard treatment group over the lifetime horizon. The mean number of quality-adjusted life-years would be 0.16 higher in patients who received intensive treatment than in those who received standard treatment and would cost Chinese yuan 12 614 (International dollars 3018) more per quality-adjusted life-year gained. Most simulation results indicated that intensive treatment would be cost-effective (82%–95% below the willingness-to-pay threshold of Chinese yuan 72 000 [1× the gross domestic product per capita in China in 2020]). Sensitivity analyses showed that these conclusions were robust.

Conclusions:
In this study, intensive BP treatment prevented cardiovascular events among older patients with hypertension in China and was cost-effective in most scenarios.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03015311
Penser le droit dans la Chine des Qing
Authors: Constant Frédéric 
Published: October 2022

Résumé
L’article propose un aperçu des relations entre le droit et les sciences dans la Chine des Qing (1644-1911), mises en perceptive avec la façon dont ces liens ont été décrits par les historiens de l’Europe moderne. Savoirs scientifiques et savoir juridique découlaient en Chine d’une matrice commune déterminant les conditions d’accès au savoir. Cette théorie de la connaissance, fixée dans les Classiques confucéens, somme d’ouvrages au cœur du curriculum des lettrés et au fondement de l’organisation bureaucratique, était commune à l’ensemble des champs disciplinaires. Se dégageaient ainsi une heuristique ou encore des formes communes de structuration du raisonnement semblables quelles que soient les sciences considérées. Nous illustrons ces points à travers l’étude de plusieurs facettes de l’organisation du savoir juridique, mis au regard des principes structurant le savoir mathématique.
Class Actions in Civil Law Systems
Authors: Talouni Zakaria , Rabczun Aleksandra 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Class actions appear as a mechanism for regulating markets and encouraging honest practices. In light of economic developments, civil law systems today focus on adopting lawsuits capable of protecting aggrieved persons and easing pressure on courts as well as remedying the shortcomings of some other types of group lawsuits, which are ineffective, as we may learn from previous cases.
This article is based on civil law jurisdictions; it analyses and highlights various legal principles that impede the adoption and efficiency of class actions to show that they are not an unfit lawsuit but rather a hindered one. The article adopts a comparative approach to two different law systems to demonstrate how each system regulates class actions: French legislation as an example of a civil law system and American legislation as an example of a common law system.
ALDH2 knockout protects against aortic dissection
Authors: Luo Chentao , Zhou Bing , Cui Yong , Liu Zhifang , Wang Shuwei 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The incidence and mortality of aortic dissection (AD) are increasing. In pathological studies, macrophages, T lymphocytes and dendritic cells were found in the tunica media of the aorta. Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) gene polymorphisms are associated with a high incidence of hypertension in Asian populations. However, there is no clear evidence of the relationship between ALDH2 and aortic dissection in Asians. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of aortic dissection in different ALDH2 genotypes and explore changes in the vasculature.

Materials and methods
Three-week-old male mice were administered freshly prepared β-aminopropionitrile solution dissolved in drinking water (1 g/kg/d) for 28 days to induce TAD. An animal ultrasound imaging system was used to observe the formation of arterial dissection and changes in cardiac function. Subsequently, mice were euthanized by cervical dislocation. The aortas were fixed for HE staining and EVG staining to observe aortic elastic fiber tears and pseudoluma formation under a microscope.

Results
Knockout of ALDH2 mitigated β-aminopropionitrile-induced TAD formation in animal studies. Ultrasound results showed that ALDH2 knockout reduced the degree of ascending aortic widening and the incidence of aortic dissection rupture. Pathological sections of multiple aortic segments showed that the protective effect of ALDH2 knockout was observed in not only the ascending aorta but also the aortic arch and descending aorta. The expression levels of genes related to NK CD56bright cells, Th17 cells, T cells and T helper cells were decreased in ALDH2 knockout mice treated with β-aminopropionitrile for 28 days.

Conclusion
ALDH2 knockout protects against aortic dissection by altering the inflammatory response and immune response and protecting elastic fibers.
Comparison of the safety and immunogenicity of the BNT-162b2 vaccine and the ChAdOx1 vaccine for solid organ transplant recipients: a prospective study
Authors: Ajlan Aziza A. , Ali Tariq , Aleid Hassan , Almeshari Khalid , DeVol Edward , Alkaff Morad Ahmed , Fajji Layal , Alali Ali , Halabi Dani , Althuwaidi Sahar , Alghamdi Saad , Ullah Asad , Alrajhi Abdulrahman , Bzeizi Khalid , Almaghrabi Reem , Marquez Kris Ann Hervera , Elmikkaoui Bilal , Albogumi Eid , Aldakhil Haifa , Al-Awwami Moheeb , Broering Dieter C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and its resulting disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has spread to millions of people worldwide. Preliminary data from organ transplant recipients have shown reduced seroconversion rates after the administration of different SARS-CoV-2 vaccination platforms. However, it is unknown whether different vaccination platforms provide different levels of protection against SARS-CoV-2. To answer this question, we prospectively studied 431 kidney and liver transplant recipients (kidney: n = 230; liver: n = 201) who received either the ChAdOx1 vaccine (n = 148) or the BNT-162b2 vaccine (n = 283) and underwent an assessment of immunoglobulin M/immunoglobulin G spike antibody levels. The primary objective of the study is to directly compare the efficacy of two different vaccine platforms in solid organ transplant recipients by measuring of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against the RBD of the spike protein (anti-RBD) two weeks after first and second doses. Our secondary endpoints were solicited specific local or systemic adverse events within 7 days after the receipt of each dose of the vaccine. There was no difference in the primary outcome between the two vaccine platforms in patients who received two vaccine doses. Unresponsiveness was mainly linked to diabetes. The rate of response after the first dose among younger older patients was significantly larger; however, after the second dose this difference did not persist (p = 0.079). Side effects were similar to those that were observed during the pivotal trials.
Previous caesarean delivery and the presence of caesarean scar defects could affect pregnancy outcomes after in vitro fertilization frozen-thawed embryo transfer: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Yinfeng , de Ziegler Dominique , Hu Xinyu , Tai Xiaomei , Han Ying , Ma Junfang , Zhang Yunshan , Luo Haining 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Due to various iatrogenic and social factors, the global caesarean delivery (CD) rate has risen sharply in the past 30 years. It is more complicated and dangerous for women with a scarred uterus to experience pregnancy again than for women with a previous vaginal delivery (VD). In this study we investigated the impact of previous caesarean delivery (CD) and caesarean scar defects (CSDs) on pregnancy outcomes after in vitro fertilization frozen-thawed embryo transfer (IVF-FET).

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study that included 1122 women aged < 40 years who had a history of only one parturition (after 28 weeks of pregnancy) and who underwent their first FET cycle between January 2014 and January 2020. Patients were divided into the CD group, VD group, and CSD group. Thereafter, according to the number of transferred embryos, the CD, VD, and CSD groups were divided into the single embryo transfer (SET) group and the double embryo transfer (DET) group. Outcome measures in this study were live birth, clinical pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, pregnancy loss, pregnancy complications, preterm birth, and neonatal birth weight. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to evaluate the relationship between pregnancy outcomes and CD.

Results
In SET patients, the clinical pregnancy and live birth rates were decreased in the CSD group compared with the VD and CD groups. In DET patients, the clinical pregnancy and live birth rates were significantly lower in theCSD group than in the CD and VD groups. After adjustment for confounders, previous CD and CSD were associated with a significantly lower clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate than previous VD in the total sample. This effect was observed in DET patients, but not in SET patients. Additionally, DET patients with previous CD had a significantly higher multiple pregnancy rate (AOR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.29, 0.75, P = 0.002) than those with previous VD, but no significant associations were observed in CSD and multiple pregnancies (AOR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.23, 1.34, P = 0.192) between DET patients with CD and those with VD after adjusting for potential confounders.

Conclusions
Our study showed that during an FET cycle, previous CD and the presence of a CSD could negatively affect pregnancy outcomes especially in DET patients.
Clinical analysis of women with ovarian pregnancy: a retrospective case–control study
Authors: Li Hongyi , Liu Yu , Yang Yang , Zhao Xia , Qi Xiaorong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
To address the clinical features and potential risk factors of ovarian pregnancy (OP).

Methods
In this retrospective case–control study performed in West China Second University Hospital from March 17, 2005 to December 8, 2018, 146 OP patients were selected as a case group, 292 patients with tubal pregnancy (TP) and 292 women with intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) were matched as controls at a ratio of 1:2:2.

Results
When compared with TP patients, OP patients tend to have worse clinical complications (hemorrhagic shock (7.41% vs 2.89%), rupture of pregnancy sac (54.07% vs 37.78%), hemoperitoneum (363.1 ± 35.46 ml vs 239.3 ± 27.61 ml) and increased need for emergency laparotomy (9.60% vs 3.97%) at an early gestational age. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) (adjusted OR1 2.08, 95%CI 1.04 to 4.18; adjusted OR2 2.59, 95%CI 1.25 to 5.37) and intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) use (adjusted OR1 2.19, 95%CI 1.10 to 4.36; adjusted OR2 2.77, 95%CI 1.74 to 5.71) may be risk factors for ovarian ectopic pregnancy as compared to the control groups of TP and IUP patients.

Conclusions
OP patients tend to have more severe clinical complications and this study has identified ART and IUD use as potential risk factors for OP. Results of this study may contribute to improve the understanding of OP and promote early surgical intervention.
Stakeholders analysis of COVID-19 management and control: a case of Iran
Authors: Mohamadian Mohammad , Nasiri Taha , Bahadori Mohammadkarim , Jalilian Habib 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic is a multi-faceted phenomenon with many political, economic and social consequences. Success in managing and controlling this pandemic depends on the coordinated efforts of many organizations and institutions. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and analyze the actors and stakeholders related to managing and controlling this pandemic in Iran.

Methods
This mix-method stakeholder analysis was conducted in 2021 nationwide as retrospectively. The purposive sampling method was applied when inviting eligible participants to participate in the study. Our study was conducted in two phases. In the qualitative phase, data were collected using a semi-structured interview. An interview guide was developed based on the WHO stakeholder analysis framework. In the quantitative phase, we used a questionnaire developed based on the study framework. Each question was scored on a 5-point Likert scale, with a score greater than 4 was considered as high, 3–4 was considered as moderate, and 1–3 was considered as low. Data were analyzed using framework analysis, WHO stakeholders’ analysis framework and MENDELOW matrix. MAXQDA qualitative data analysis software Version 11 and Policy Maker software (Version. 4) were used for data analysis.

Results
A total of 48 stakeholders were identified. Ministry of Health (MoH), National Headquarters for Coronavirus Control (NHCC) had the highest participation level, high supportive position, and knowledge of the subject. The Parliament of Iran (PoI), Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), and Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) had the highest power/influence during the Covid-19 epidemic. Only two stakeholders (6.06%) had high participation, and 18.18% had moderate participation. All stakeholders except for the NHCC and the MoH lacked appropriate knowledge of the subject. Furthermore, only three stakeholders (9.09%) had high power/influence.

Conclusion
Given the multidimensional nature of Covid-19, most institutions and organizations were involved in managing this pandemic. Stakeholders with high power/authority and resources had a low/moderate participation level and a moderate supportive position. Moreover, organizations with a high supportive position and participation had low power/authority and resources to cope with COVID-19.
Leveraging 13 million responses to the U.S. COVID-19 Trends and Impact Survey to examine vaccine hesitancy, vaccination, and mask wearing, January 2021-February 2022
Authors: Nguyen Quynh C. , Yardi Isha , Gutierrez Francia Ximena Marin , Mane Heran , Yue Xiaohe 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The urgency of the COVID-19 pandemic called upon the joint efforts from the scientific and private sectors to work together to track vaccine acceptance and prevention behaviors.

Methods
Our study utilized individual responses to the Delphi Group at Carnegie Mellon University U.S. COVID-19 Trends and Impact Survey, in partnership with Facebook. We retrieved survey data from January 2021 to February 2022 (n = 13,426,245) to examine contextual and individual-level predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, vaccination, and mask wearing in the United States. Adjusted logistic regression models were developed to examine individual and ZIP code predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and vaccination status. Given the COVID-19 vaccine was rolled out in phases in the U.S. we conducted analyses stratified by time, January 2021-May 2021 (Time 1) and June 2021-February 2022 (Time 2).

Results
In January 2021 only 9% of U.S. Facebook respondents reported receiving the COVID-19 vaccine, and 45% were vaccine hesitant. By February 2022, 80% of U.S. Facebook respondents were vaccinated and only 18% were vaccine hesitant. Individuals who were older, held higher educational degrees, worked in white collar jobs, wore a mask most or all the time, and identified as white and Asian had higher COVID-19 vaccination rates and lower vaccine hesitancy across Time 1 and Time 2. Essential workers and blue-collar occupations had lower COVID vaccinations and higher vaccine hesitancy. By Time 2, all adults were eligible for the COVID-19 vaccine, but blacks and multiracial individuals had lower vaccination and higher vaccine hesitancy compared to whites. Those 55 years and older and females had higher odds of wearing masks most or all the time. Protective service, construction, and installation and repair occupations had lower odds of wearing masks. ZIP Code level percentage of the population with a bachelors’ which was associated with mask wearing, higher vaccination, and lower vaccine hesitancy.

Conclusion
Associations found in earlier phases of the pandemic were generally found to also be present later in the pandemic, indicating stability in inequities. Additionally, inequities in these important outcomes suggests more work is needed to bridge gaps to ensure that the burden of COVID-19 risk does not disproportionately fall upon subgroups of the population.
Concurrent validity of DorsaVi wireless motion sensor system Version 6 and the Vicon motion analysis system during lifting
Authors: Chang Ruth P , Smith Anne , Kent Peter , Saraceni Nic , Hancock Mark , O’Sullivan Peter B , Campbell Amity 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Wearable sensor technology may allow accurate monitoring of spine movement outside a clinical setting. The concurrent validity of wearable sensors during multiplane tasks, such as lifting, is unknown. This study assessed DorsaVi Version 6 sensors for their concurrent validity with the Vicon motion analysis system for measuring lumbar flexion during lifting.

Methods
Twelve participants (nine with, and three without back pain) wore sensors on T12 and S2 spinal levels with Vicon surface markers attached to those sensors. Participants performed 5 symmetrical (lifting from front) and 20 asymmetrical lifts (alternate lifting from left and right). The global-T12-angle, global-S2-angle and the angle between these two sensors (relative-lumbar-angle) were output in the sagittal plane. Agreement between systems was determined through-range and at peak flexion, using multilevel mixed-effects regression models to calculate root mean square errors and standard deviation. Mean differences and limits of agreement for peak flexion were calculated using the Bland Altman method.

Results
For through-range measures of symmetrical lifts, root mean squared errors (standard deviation) were 0.86° (0.78) at global-T12-angle, 0.90° (0.84) at global-S2-angle and 1.34° (1.25) at relative-lumbar-angle. For through-range measures of asymmetrical lifts, root mean squared errors (standard deviation) were 1.84° (1.58) at global-T12-angle, 1.90° (1.65) at global-S2-angle and 1.70° (1.54) at relative-lumbar-angle. The mean difference (95% limit of agreement) for peak flexion of symmetrical lifts, was − 0.90° (-6.80 to 5.00) for global-T12-angle, 0.60° (-2.16 to 3.36) for global-S2-angle and − 1.20° (-8.06 to 5.67) for relative-lumbar-angle. The mean difference (95% limit of agreement) for peak flexion of asymmetrical lifts was − 1.59° (-8.66 to 5.48) for global-T12-angle, -0.60° (-7.00 to 5.79) for global-S2-angle and − 0.84° (-8.55 to 6.88) for relative-lumbar-angle.

Conclusion
The root means squared errors were slightly better for symmetrical lifts than they were for asymmetrical lifts. Mean differences and 95% limits of agreement showed variability across lift types. However, the root mean squared errors for all lifts were better than previous research and below clinically acceptable thresholds. This research supports the use of lumbar flexion measurements from these inertial measurement units in populations with low back pain, where multi-plane lifting movements are assessed.
Efficacy and safety of combination of empagliflozin and metformin with combination of sitagliptin and metformin during Ramadan: an observational study
Authors: Ahmed Ibrar , Raja Umar Yousaf , Wahab Muhammad Umar , Rehman Tejhmal , Ishtiaq Osama , Aamir A. H. , Ghaffar Tahir , Raza Abbas , Kumar Suresh , Sherin Akhtar , Masood Faisal , Randhawa Fawad Ahmad , Asghar Ali , Khan Sehrish 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Management of diabetes during fasting is a clinical challenge. Sodium glucose co-transporter -2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are considered safe with a low risk of hypoglycemia. However, studies on SGLT2i are scarce. This study was designed to compare the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of empagliflozin with metformin during Ramadan in comparison with sitagliptin and metformin.

Methods
It was a prospective, observational study, conducted at 11 different sites all across Pakistan on an outpatient basis during Ramadan (May 2021–June 2021). including 132 patients, 88 who received metformin and sitagliptin, and 44 patients who received metformin and empagliflozin.

Results
Patients of the SGLT-2i group experienced similar symptomatic hypoglycemic episodes (15.9%) as the sitagliptin group. There was an improvement in blood sugar levels after the use of SGLT-2i (RBS 181 ± 64 before Ramadan vs 162 ± 53 after Ramadan). HbA1c also improved after the use of SGLT-2i before and after Ramadan (7.2 ± 0.8 vs 6.9 ± 0.9 for Metformin + Empagliflozin and 7.8 ± 1.5 vs 7.6 ± 1.6 for Metformin and sitagliptin). Weight and BMI improved after the use of SGLT-2i (BMI 36.5 ± 4.8 before Ramadan and 33.7 ± 2.4 after Ramadan). There were no reported cases of urinary tract infection in the empagliflozin group.

Conclusion
SGLT-2 inhibitors combined with metformin for patients with diabetes during Ramadan fasting is as effective, safe and well tolerated as DPP4 combined with metformin.
Perceived professional identity and related factors in Iranian nursing students: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gilvari Tahereh , Babamohamadi Hassan , Paknazar Fatemeh 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Professional identity, an important process in the development and expansion of the nursing profession, is built over time and includes gaining insight into professional performances and fostering ideals and values for the profession. Several factors influence the formation of professional identity. This study investigates the level of professional identity in nursing students and its predictors using a localized tool.

Methods
This cross-sectional study recruited 195 nursing students at Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran, who were selected by census sampling in 2020. Data were collected using a researcher-made professional identity questionnaire and were then analyzed in SPSS-18 using descriptive and inferential (logistic regression) statistics.

Results
The mean total score of the students’ perceived professional identity was 316.72, indicating a strong professional identity. The students’ professional identity had a significant relationship with variables including GPA above 16 (OR = 2.65, P = 0.002), choosing the field out of interest (OR = 2.15, P = 0.015), and having work experience while studying (OR = 3.10, P = 0.006).

Conclusion
The findings showed that selecting the field of nursing out of interest, having a GPA above 16 and work experience while studying are associated with a higher perception of professional identity among nursing students. The professional identity of nursing students can be enhanced through reinforcing the mentioned factors and further attention to their role in the promotion and consolidation of professional identity. The researchers recommend that educational directors, nursing professors, and clinical nursing educators make greater efforts to develop and promote the professional identity of nursing students.