bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic Insights Into the Mechanism of Carbapenem Resistance Dissemination in Enterobacterales From a Tertiary Public Heath Setting in South Asia
Authors: Farzana Refath , Jones Lim S , Rahman Md Anisur , Sands Kirsty , van Tonder Andries J , Portal Edward , Criollo Jose Munoz , Parkhill Julian , Guest Martyn F , Watkins W John , Pervin Monira , Boostrom Ian , Hassan Brekhna , Mathias Jordan , Kalam Md Abul , Walsh Timothy R 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Summary
10.6% patients were CRE positive. Only 27% patients were prescribed at least 1 antibiotic to which infecting pathogen was susceptible. Burn and ICU admission and antibiotics exposures facilitate CRE acquisition. Escherichia coli ST167 was the dominant CRE clone.

Background
Given the high prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) across South Asian (SA) hospitals, we documented the epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) infections at Dhaka Medical College Hospital between October 2016 and September 2017.

Methods
We enrolled patients and collected epidemiology and outcome data. All Enterobacterales were characterized phenotypically and by whole-genome sequencing. Risk assessment for the patients with CRE was performed compared with patients with carbapenem-susceptible Enterobacterales (CSE).

Results
10.6% of all 1831 patients with a clinical specimen collected had CRE. In-hospital 30-day mortality was significantly higher with CRE [50/180 (27.8%)] than CSE [42/312 (13.5%)] (P = .001); however, for bloodstream infections, this was nonsignificant. Of 643 Enterobacterales isolated, 210 were CRE; blaNDM was present in 180 isolates, blaOXA-232 in 26, blaOXA-181 in 24, and blaKPC-2 in 5. Despite this, ceftriaxone was the most commonly prescribed empirical antibiotic and only 27% of patients were prescribed at least 1 antibiotic to which their infecting pathogen was susceptible. Significant risk factors for CRE isolation included burns unit and intensive care unit admission, and prior exposure to levofloxacin, amikacin, clindamycin, and meropenem. Escherichia coli ST167 was the dominant CRE clone. Clustering suggested clonal transmission of Klebsiella pneumoniae ST15 and the MDR hypervirulent clone, ST23. The major trajectories involved in horizontal gene transfer were IncFII and IncX3, IS26, and Tn3.

Conclusions
This is the largest study from an SA public hospital combining outcome, microbiology, and genomics. The findings indicate the urgent implementation of targeted diagnostics, appropriate antibiotic use, and infection-control interventions in SA public institutions.
Comparative Effectiveness of mRNA and Inactivated Whole-Virus Vaccines Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection and Severe Disease in Singapore
Authors: Premikha M , Chiew Calvin J , Wei Wycliffe E , Leo Yee Sin , Ong Benjamin , Lye David Chien , Lee Vernon J , Tan Kelvin Bryan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Compared with individuals vaccinated with Pfizer-BioNTech/Comirnaty, recipients of Sinovac-CoronaVac and Sinopharm were 2.37 (95% CI, 2.29–2.46) and 1.62 (95% CI, 1.43–1.85) times more likely to be infected with coronavirus disease 19, respectively, while individuals vaccinated with Moderna were 0.42 (95% CI, 0.25–0.70) times less likely to develop severe disease.
Prevention of Typhoid by Vi Conjugate Vaccine and Achievable Improvements in Household Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene: Evidence From a Cluster-Randomized Trial in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Tadesse Birkneh Tilahun , Khanam Farhana , Ahmmed Faisal , Im Justin , Islam Md Taufiqul , Kim Deok Ryun , Kang Sophie S Y , Liu Xinxue , Chowdhury Fahima , Ahmed Tasnuva , Binte Aziz Asma , Hoque Masuma , Park Juyeon , Pak Gideok , Zaman Khalequ , Khan Ashraful Islam , Pollard Andrew J , Kim Jerome H , Marks Florian , Qadri Firdausi , Clemens John D 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundTyphoid fever contributes to approximately 135 000 deaths annually. Achievable improvements in household water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) combined with vaccination using typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs) may be an effective preventive strategy. However, little is known about how improved WASH and vaccination interact to lower the risk of typhoid.MethodsA total of 61 654 urban Bangladeshi children aged 9 months to &lt;16 years, residing in 150 clusters with a baseline population of 205 760 residents, were randomized 1:1 by cluster to Vi-tetanus toxoid TCV or Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine. Surveillance for blood culture–confirmed typhoid fever was conducted over 2 years. Existing household WASH status was assessed at baseline as Better or Not Better using previously validated criteria. The reduction in typhoid risk among all residents associated with living in TCV clusters, Better WASH households, or both was evaluated using mixed-effects Poisson regression models.ResultsThe adjusted reduced risk of typhoid among all residents living in the clusters assigned to TCV was 55% (95% confidence interval [CI], 43%–65%; P &lt; .001), and that of living in Better WASH households, regardless of cluster, was 37% (95% CI, 24%–48%; P &lt; .001). The highest risk of typhoid was observed in persons living in households with Not Better WASH in the JE clusters. In comparison with these persons, those living in households with Better WASH in the TCV clusters had an adjusted reduced risk of 71% (95% CI, 59%–80%; P &lt; .001).ConclusionsImplementation of TCV programs combined with achievable and culturally acceptable household WASH practices were independently associated with a significant reduction in typhoid risk.Clinical Trials RegistrationISRCTN11643110.
Cut peony industry: the first 30 years of research and new horizons
Authors: Kamenetsky-Goldstein Rina , Yu Xiaonan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Herbaceous peony is an ancient medicinal and ornamental crop, cultivated in China and Japan for thousands of years. Numerous varieties of different colors are popular garden plants in different continents and countries. In recent decades, peony has gained a new reputation as cut flowers. Only in Europe, in 30 years, trade in cut peony stems has increased 50 fold. Today, more than 25 countries produce cut peony flowers, with primary markets in Europe, Asia and the USA. This short review summarizes the contribution of research in plant physiology to the development of new technologies of peony production and flowering advancement. Despite the popularity of cut peonies, several factors still restrict their production: complicated flowering physiology, challenges in mass propagation, and postharvest handling. Further research of biochemical and molecular mechanisms, as well as breeding of new cultivars will promote the development of the peony industry and facilitate the creation of a Global Peony Chain for the successful marketing of this beautiful flower.
CRISPR/Cas9-targeted mutagenesis ofSlCMT4causes changes in plant architecture and reproductive organs in tomato
Authors: Guo Xuhu , Zhao Jianguo , Chen Zhiwen , Qiao Jun , Zhang Yongfang , Shen Hong , Hu Zongli 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDNA methylation participates widely in the regulation of gene expression in plants. To date, the regulation and function of DNA methylation is still unknown in tomato plants. Here, we generated SlCMT4 mutants using the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system. We observed severe developmental defects in CRISPR-Cas9-mediated SlCMT4 mutants, including small and thick leaves, increased lateral buds, defective stamens and pistils, small fruit size with reduced setting rate, and defective seed development. The alterations at hormonal levels (IAA, tZR, strigol) were consistent with the multibranching phenotype in SlCMT4 mutant plants. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of SlCMT4 induced the expression of two pollen-specific genes (PMEI and PRALF) that suppressed the development of pollen wall and pollen tube elongation, which is responsible for irregular and defective pollen. The small-sized fruit phenotype is probably associated with upregulated expression of the IMA gene and reduced seeds in the mutant lines. Furthermore, we performed whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) of fruits and found that SlCMT4 knockout reduced genome-wide cytosine methylation. A reduction of methylation was also observed in a 2-kp region of the IMA and LOXB promoters in the SlCMT4-mutant fruits, indicating that the hypermethylation status of the CHH context is critical for the inhibition of IMA and LOXB promoter activity. Our results show that SlCMT4 is required for normal development of tomato vegetative and reproductive organs. This study illuminates the function of SlCMT4 and sheds light on the molecular regulatory mechanism of tomato plant architecture and fruit development and ripening.
Atherogenicity of low-density lipoproteins after switching from a protease inhibitor to dolutegravir: a substudy of the NEAT022 study
Authors: Saumoy Maria , Sánchez-Quesada Jose Luís , Assoumou Lambert , Gatell José Maria , González-Cordón Ana , Guaraldi Giovanni , Domingo Pere , Giacomelli Andrea , Connault Jérôme , Katlama Christine , Masiá Mar , Ordónez-Llanos Jordi , Pozniak Anton , Martínez Esteban , Podzamczer Daniel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate whether switching from a ritonavir-boosted PI-based regimen to a dolutegravir-based regimen improved the atherogenic properties of LDL particles in patients with HIV.MethodsThis was a substudy of the NEAT022 study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02098837). Adults with HIV with a Framingham score &gt;10% or aged &gt;50 years and being treated with a stable boosted PI-based regimen were randomized to either switch to dolutegravir or continue with boosted PI. At baseline and Week 48, we assessed atherogenic LDL properties: LDL particle size and phenotype (A, intermediate, B), oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) activity.ResultsEighty-six participants (dolutegravir 44; PI 42) were included. Participants had a median (IQR) age of 54 (51–57) years and 79.1% were male. In the dolutegravir arm, after 48 weeks, we observed: (1) an increase in LDL size [median 1.65 Å (IQR −0.60 to 4.20); P = 0.007], correlated with the decrease in triglyceride concentration [Spearman correlation = −0.352 (P = 0.001)], with a corresponding decrease of subjects with atherogenic LDL phenotype B (36.4% to 20.5%; P = 0.039); (2) a decrease in Lp-PLA2 activity [median 1.39 μmol/min/mL (IQR −2.3 to 0.54); P = 0.002]; and (3) a decrease in ox-LDL [median 14 U/L (IQR −102 to 13); P = 0.006]. In the PI arm, none of these favourable lipid modifications was observed.ConclusionsForty-eight weeks after switching from a PI-based to a dolutegravir-based regimen, patients with Framingham score &gt;10% or aged &gt;50 years showed improvement of several atherogenic lipid features, including LDL particle phenotype, ox-LDL and Lp-PLA2.
68 Late Gestational Nutrient Restriction Decreases Blood Flow to the Mammary Gland in Lactating Primiparous Beef Females
Authors: Redifer Colby A , Wichman Lindsey G , Meyer Allison M 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
To determine the effects of late gestational nutrient restriction on mammary blood flow during lactation, fall-calving Hereford-SimAngus heifers (single-sired; BW: 451 ± 28 [SD] kg; BCS: 5.4 ± 0.7) bred to a single sire were individually-fed 100% (control; CON; n = 10) or 70% (NR; n = 13) of NASEM net energy and metabolizable protein requirements for maintenance, pregnancy, and growth from d 160 of gestation to calving. Post-calving, all females were individually fed chopped tall fescue hay supplemented to meet lactational nutrient requirements in Calan gates. Transrectal color Doppler ultrasonography of both external pudendal arteries was conducted every 21 d from d 23 to 107 of lactation. Total mammary blood flow was calculated and hemodynamics from both sides averaged. Data were analyzed with fixed effects of nutritional plane, day of lactation, and their interaction, using repeated measures. Calving date and calf sex (if P &lt; 0.25) were fixed effects, and Doppler angle of insonation was included in the model for flow-related variables. We have previously reported that CON cows had greater (P ≤ 0.003) BW, BCS, and backfat from calving to d 147 of lactation, and NR cows had 15% less (P &lt; 0.04) milk yield. External pudendal artery pulsatility index tended to be greater (P = 0.06) and resistance index, peak systolic velocity, and cross-sectional area were greater (P ≤ 0.04) in CON cows. Heart rate was greater (P = 0.008), yet mammary blood flow was 19% less (P = 0.004) in NR cows. Mammary blood flow/cow BW and blood flow/milk yield were not affected (P ≥ 0.13) by nutritional plane. All hemodynamic variables were affected by day (P ≤ 0.04) except resistance index (P = 0.11). In summary, late gestational nutrient restriction decreased mammary blood flow similarly to the reduction observed in milk yield.
77 Determination of Cellutein and Betagro Mode of Action within Porcine Satellite Cell Cultures
Authors: Vaughn Mathew A , Gonzalez John M 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of celluTEIN and betaGRO to influence porcine myogenesis in vitro. Satellite cells (N = 3 piglets) were plated on ECL-coated 12-well plates at a density of 5,000 cells/cm2. Cells were grown to confluence in growth media containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 U penicillin/mL, 100 µg of strepmycin/mL, and 20 µg of gentamicin/mL in high glucose DMEM for 72 hours. Cells were treated with 1 of 4 treatments: 2% fetal bovine serum, 100 U penicillan/mL, 100 µg of strepmycin/mL, and 20 µg of gentamicin/mL (CON), CON+5 ng/mL recombinant IGF-1 (IGF-1), CON+10 mg/mL betaGRO (BG), CON+10 mg/mL celluTEIN (CT). For myotube width assays, FBS was reduced to 2% when cells were confluent for 96 hours, at which time treatments above were applied with or without 20 µM rapamycin. Fusion capacity (FC) and myotube width (MW) were determined from 5 representative photomicrographs and experiments were repeated 3×. There were treatment effects for FC and MW. Cells treated with CT and BG had greater FC and MW than the other treatments (( P &lt; 0.05), but did not differ from each other (P &gt; 0.05). Cells treated with IGF-1 had greater FC and MW than CON cells (( P &lt; 0.05). There was a Treatment×Rapamycin interaction (( P &lt; 0.05). Without rapamycin, CON myotubes had smaller diameters than other treatments (( P &lt; 0.05), BG and CT myotubes were greater than IGF-1 (( P &lt; 0.05), but were not different (P &gt; 0.10) from each other. Though there was a statistical difference between treatments when rapamycin was added (P &lt; 0.05), treatment differences did not reflect a difference that can be translated out of the satellite cell model. These data illustrate that celluTEIN and betaGRO stimulate porcine satellite cell differentiation and growth through mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling.
112 A Meta-Analysis on the Effect of Guanidinoacetic Acid Supplementation on Growth Performance of Growing Pigs
Authors: Mendoza S Maria , Htoo John K K , Bauer Lukas 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) is produced in the kidney from arginine and glycine and transported to the liver for the synthesis of creatine. Dietary GAA supplementation can have arginine and energy-sparing effects. The objective of this meta-analysis was to assess the effect size of GAA in growing pigs based on available literature. Using internet search (until October 31, 2021), we identified 7 scientific publications. Only studies that 1) reported growth performance of growing pigs (7 to 107 kg BW), 2) had control without GAA supplementation, and 3) did not aim to demonstrate GAA sparing effects of energy or arginine were selected. From the 7 publications, 4 publications met the criteria, and 2 of the publications contained 2 studies, therefore, a total of 6 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The statistical analysis utilized a random effect model to estimate the mean effect size (MES) of the difference between control and GAA-supplemented pigs, the 95% confidence interval of MES, the probability of MES being different from zero, the probability of the studies to share a common effect size (heterogeneity), and no publication bias. The data were analyzed using SAS 9.4 using a SAS macro created by Rendina-Gobioff and Kromrey (2006). Summary statistics and average change in percentage are reported in Table 1. Pigs fed GAA-supplemented diets had greater (P &lt; 0.001) final BW, ADG, and G:F, and the magnitude of the effect is considered to be large (&gt;|0.8|). GAA did not influence (P = 0.976) ADFI. The presence of heterogeneity was observed in all the responses, suggesting that the effect size varies among studies. Publication bias was not found for any of the responses. Overall, supplementation of GAA increased BW, ADG, and G:F by 1.68, 3.95 and 7.01%, respectively, and the effect size varies, potentially due to the inclusion rate and duration of supplementation.
116 Effect of Zinc Oxide and Organic Zinc on Weanling Pig Performance
Authors: LaRosae Marissa N , Samuel Ryan S , Clizer David A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Pharmacological levels (&gt; 2,000 ppm) of Zn from ZnO have been reported to enhance pig growth during the nursery phase. Alternatively, organic Zn sources added to nursery diets below pharmacological concentrations may provide similar growth performance benefits. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of source and concentration of Zn on growth performance of weanling pigs. Newly weaned pigs (n = 1,144; 21 d of age; 5.8 ± 0.1 kg BW) were stocked at 26 pigs per pen of equal sex in 44 pens in a wean-to-finish commercial research barn. Pens within similar barn location were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 4 dietary treatments applied over 4 dietary phases (PH) in a factorial arrangement: 1) Control: complex commercial nursery diet with dietary Zn at nutritional requirement 2) Control plus ZnO providing Zn at 3,000 ppm in PH1-2, 1,500 ppm in PH3, and removal of ZnO in PH4; 3) Control plus an organic Zn providing Zn at 100 ppm in PH1-4; 4) Control plus a combination of both ZnO and organic Zn source at the same inclusion levels as dietary treatments 2 and 3. The addition of organic Zn increased (P &lt; 0.01) ADFI from d 0 to 7 (175 vs. 149 g/d), but decreased (P &lt; 0.01) G:F (0.763 vs. 0.902) and then improved (P &lt; 0.01) G:F from d 7 to 14 (0.821 vs. 0.754). The addition of Zn from ZnO increased (P &lt; 0.05) ADG (312 vs. 290 g/d) and ADFI (428 vs 401 g/d) for the initial 28 d and improved (P &lt; 0.05) G:F (0.776 vs. 0.738) for the initial 21 d post-weaning, but not for the latter 14 d (28 to 42 d) of the nursery phase or overall (0 to 42 d). These results demonstrate that Zn above dietary requirement may improve early growth performance.
167 Effect of Reducing Dietary Crude Protein on Growth Performance of Fattening Pigs: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cappelaere Léa , Van Milgen Jaap , Syriopoulos Kostas , Simongiovanni Aude , Lambert William , Létourneau-Montminy Marie-Pierre 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Reducing dietary crude protein (CP) is a nutritional strategy implemented to improve the sustainability of pig production. Its effect on growth performance has been broadly studied in fattening pigs but the literature is lacking a quantitative summary of the knowledge acquired. A meta-analysis was performed to assess the effects of reducing dietary CP on pig growth performance. Articles included in the meta-analysis studied effects of CP reduction, with at least 3 CP levels, on the growth performance of fattening pigs (20-115 kg) and were published from 1990 to 2019. The database contained 42 articles, which correspond to 67 trials. Diet composition was recalculated with INRA-AFZ (2004) tables. Trials using iso-digestible lysine and iso-net energy diets with constant or above requirements levels of essential amino acids (EAA, METEX NØØVISTAGO recommendations) were selected for the final analysis, with a 5% acceptance limit. The final selection contained 11 trials and 44 treatments. The general linear model procedure of MINITAB (2019) was used to build regression models, including a fixed trial effect. Dietary CP reduction tested ranged between 1.6 and 7.5 percentage points (%pt) and was performed by reducing soybean meal and increasing cereals inclusion in all trials except one using rapeseed meal. Reducing dietary CP did not significantly impacted feed intake, average daily gain or feed conversion ratio when EAA were adequately supplied. Nitrogen efficiency was improved by 2.7 %pt per %pt of CP reduction (P &lt; 0.001). No statistical analysis could be performed on carcass composition data as there were only 6 trials remaining after selection for these parameters, but fatter carcasses were observed in half of the trials. This study highlighted that few CP reduction studies have been performed while controlling energy and EAA levels. There was no effect of reducing dietary CP on growth performance when those parameters were controlled but more research is needed on very low CP diets for fattening pigs.
225 Effect of Increasing Doses of Encapsulated Butyric Acid and Zinc on Beef Feedlot Steer Growth Performance, Dietary Net Energy Utilization, and Carcass Characteristics
Authors: Francis Forest L , Gubbels Erin , Hamilton Thomas G , Rusche Warren C , Lafleur Doug , Hergenreder Jerilyn , Smith Zachary K 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects that increasing doses of encapsulated butyric acid and zinc (BPZ) have on beef feedlot steer growth performance, dietary net energy utilization, and carcass characteristics. Steers (n = 272; shrunk BW = 360 kg ± 74 kg) were assigned to dietary treatment [0 (CON), 1, 2, or 3 g BPZ/kg diet DM] in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with pen (n = 32) as experimental unit. Cattle were fed until visually assessed to have 1.27 cm rib-fat and were shipped for harvest at a commercial beef abattoir. Carcass and liver health data was recorded. Feedlot performance data was calculated on a carcass-adjusted basis (HCW/0.625). Data were analyzed as a RCBD with fixed effects of BPZ inclusion level and block was considered a random effect; pre-planned contrasts for CON vs. BPZ, plus linear, and quadratic responses were tested. No differences (P ≥ 0.14) were observed for final BW, DMI, ADG, feed conversion efficiency, observed dietary NEm and NEg, observed-to-expected dietary NEm and NEg, HCW, REA, rib-fat thickness, marbling score, estimated EBF, or distribution of USDA YG 1, 3, 4, 5, and USDA quality grade among treatments. A tendency (P = 0.10) was observed for CON vs. BPZ for calculated YG. Tendencies were detected for USDA YG 2 carcass distribution (linear; P = 0.07) and for normal and abscessed liver prevalence (quadratic; P = 0.08). Dressed yield tended to be greater (P = 0.08) for BPZ vs. Con and increased with dose (linear; P = 0.05). Supplementation of BPZ in finishing cattle diets does not appreciably influence growth performance, but increases dressed yield. Data from this study suggests that the addition of BPZ to feedlot finishing diets for decreasing the prevalence of abscessed livers should be further investigated.