bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can Oecophylla smaragdina be used to suppress incidence of CVPD in citrus orchards in Indonesia?
Authors: Beattie G A C , Holford P 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCitrus vein phloem degeneration (CVPD) is the Indonesian name for the Asian form of the devastating and incurable citrus disease known internationally as huánglóngbìng. It is associated with a phloem-limited pathogen, ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas) and transmitted by the Asiatic citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri. ACP originated in South Asia but was first observed on citrus in 1900 in Java to where it may have been introduced decades earlier on lemon or lime seedlings brought from South Asia to reduce the incidence of scurvy among European sailors and in colonial settlements. CLas appears to have been introduced to the Pasar Minggu area of Jakarta in the 1940s from southern China, after it was introduced to Guangzhou, directly or indirectly, from South Asia in the late 1920s–early 1930s. Minimising incidence of the disease relies on planting pathogen-free trees, removal of infected trees, and unstainable use of synthetic pesticides that do not prevent spread of the disease. Parasitoids and predators of ACP are killed by the pesticides. Evidence from China and Việtnam suggests that effective management of the disease may be feasible if the weaver ant (semut rangrang), Oecophylla smaragdina, is deployed, cultivated, and managed in orchards.
Engineering a mechanically stable hybrid photonic crystal cavity coupled to color defects in diamond
Authors: Majumder Ayan , Choudhury Bikash Dev , Saha Kasturi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Wavelength scale photonic, high-quality factor (Q-factor), cavities are crucial for enhancing light–matter interaction. Such on-chip hybrid devices could potentially provide a route towards scalable quantum technologies with color defects in diamond. A variety of designs for photonic crystal cavities have been proposed; however, the challenging and multi-step fabrication processes required for such designs limit the experimentally observed Q-factors in addition to significant radiation loss. One possible way to minimize the radiation loss in a one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystal cavity is by introducing a so-called Gaussian defect region around the cavity. In this work, we propose a versatile approach to design a Gaussian defect region by changing the lattice parameter in a 1D photonic crystal. Further, to circumvent the problem of creating freestanding cavities for achieving high-Q factor in a 1D photonic crystal cavity, we propose a novel hybrid diamond-titanium dioxide (TiO2) based materials for color defects in diamond, in particular the nitrogen-vacancy (NV−) center. Our proposed mechanically stable and high-Q cavity could be crucial for on-chip integration of different nanophotonic components for chip-scale photonic devices. We show via simulations that Q-factor

>

105 can be achieved with the device.
Investigation on mechanical and tribological properties of AA6061/Gr composites for solar header pipes
Authors: Ranjith R , Pradeep V P , Senthil Kumar B R , Somasundaram K , Lakshmi Prasad K 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Solar header pipes desire light weight material with extensive mechanical and tribological property at high temperature. In this research work, an attempt was made to reinforce AA6061 aluminium alloy with Graphite particles through Stir Casting (SC) and Compo Casting (CC) technique for solar header pipes. The uniform dispersion of reinforcing particles over the matrix was confirmed through Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The tensile, hardness and wear experiments were performed on composites at elevated temperature. The wear experimental runs were designed using Taguchi mixed orthogonal array by varying temperature, applied load, sliding velocity, sliding distance and reinforcing weight percentage. The composites produced through CC method exhibit 3.8% and 2.7% higher hardness and tensile strength in comparison with SC. At elevated temperature of 300 C, the composites exhibit better wear resistance owing to the formation of Mechanical Mixed Layer (MML). The wear rate of composites at elevated temperature was three times higher than the room temperature owing to reduction in density and deformation of material. ANOVA table reveals that the most influencing process parameters was temperature followed by the load and percentage reinforcement. The worn surface morphology was analyzed using SEM. Because of the improved dispersion of reinforced particles, the composites generated by CC have higher mechanical and tribological qualities at elevated temperatures, and are considered as an alternative material for solar header pipes.
Sensitivity of bias adjustment methods to low-frequency internal climate variability over the reference period: an ideal model study
Authors: Bonnet Rémy , Boucher Olivier , Vrac Mathieu , Jin Xia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Climate simulations often need to be adjusted before carrying out impact studies at a regional scale. Technically, bias adjustment methods are generally calibrated over the last few decades, in order to benefit from a more comprehensive and accurate observational network. At these timescales, however, the climate state may be influenced by the low-frequency internal climate variability. There is therefore a risk of introducing a bias to the climate projections by bias-adjusting simulations with low-frequency variability in a different phase to that of the observations. In this study, we developed a new pseudo-reality framework using an ensemble of simulations from the IPSL-CM6A-LR climate model in order to assess the impact of the low-frequency internal climate variability of the North Atlantic sea surface temperatures on bias-adjusted projections of mean and extreme surface temperature over Europe. We show that using simulations in a similar phase of the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability reduces the pseudo-biases in temperature projections. Therefore, for models and regions where low frequency internal variability matters, it is recommended to sample relevant climate simulations to be bias adjusted in a model ensemble or alternatively to use a very long reference period when possible.
Increased Dephospho-uncarboxylated Matrix Gla-Protein Is Associated With Lower Axial Skeletal Muscle Mass in Patients With Hypertension
Authors: Vidula Mahesh K , Akers Scott , Ansari Bilal A , Kim Jessica , Kumar Anupam A , Tamvada Dheera , Satija Vaibhav , Mohan-Rao Vanjarapu Jagan , Jehangir Qasim , Magro Caroline , Qian Chenao , Chirinos Julio A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Matrix Gla-protein (MGP) is a well-established inhibitor of vascular calcification that is activated by vitamin K-dependent carboxylation. In the setting of vitamin K2 deficiency, dephospho-uncarboxylated MGP (dpucMGP) levels increase, and have been associated with large artery stiffening. Vitamin K2 is also a mitochondrial electron carrier in muscle, but the relationship of vitamin K2 deficiency and dpucMGP with muscle mass is not well understood. We therefore aimed to examine the association of vitamin K2 deficiency and dpucMGP with skeletal muscle mass in patients with hypertension.

Methods
We studied 155 hypertensive adults without heart failure. Axial skeletal muscle mass was measured using magnetic resonance imaging from axial steady-state free precession images. DpucMGP was measured with ELISA. Carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (CF-PWV) was measured from high-fidelity arterial tonometry recordings.

Results
We found an inverse relationship between dpucMGP levels and axial muscle mass, with progressively rising dpucMGP levels correlating with decreasing axial muscle mass. In an unadjusted linear regression model, correlates of dpucMGP included axial skeletal muscle area factor (β = −0.32; P &lt; 0.0001) and CF-PWV (β = 0.31; P = 0.0008). In adjusted analyses, independent correlates of dpucMGP included axial skeletal muscle area factor (β = −0.30; P = 0.0003) and CF-PWV (β = 0.20; P = 0.019).

Conclusions
In hypertensive adults, dpucMGP is independently associated with lower axial muscle mass, in addition to increased large artery stiffness. Further studies are required to investigate the role of vitamin K supplementation in this population.
Artificial intelligence and machine learning approaches using gene expression and variant data for personalized medicine
Authors: Vadapalli Sreya , Abdelhalim Habiba , Zeeshan Saman , Ahmed Zeeshan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrecision medicine uses genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors to more accurately diagnose and treat disease in specific groups of patients, and it is considered one of the most promising medical efforts of our time. The use of genetics is arguably the most data-rich and complex components of precision medicine. The grand challenge today is the successful assimilation of genetics into precision medicine that translates across different ancestries, diverse diseases and other distinct populations, which will require clever use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) methods. Our goal here was to review and compare scientific objectives, methodologies, datasets, data sources, ethics and gaps of AI/ML approaches used in genomics and precision medicine. We selected high-quality literature published within the last 5 years that were indexed and available through PubMed Central. Our scope was narrowed to articles that reported application of AI/ML algorithms for statistical and predictive analyses using whole genome and/or whole exome sequencing for gene variants, and RNA-seq and microarrays for gene expression. We did not limit our search to specific diseases or data sources. Based on the scope of our review and comparative analysis criteria, we identified 32 different AI/ML approaches applied in variable genomics studies and report widely adapted AI/ML algorithms for predictive diagnostics across several diseases.
Rethinking Perceptions of Crime and Safety in Rural and Remote Communities
Authors: David Jean-Denis 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article examines variations in people’s perceptions of crime and safety across urban, rural and remote communities, with relative geographical isolation as the defining feature of rurality. Using data from a 2014 representative survey of the Canadian population, our findings suggest that these perceptions are much more nuanced than previously considered. While they tend to be more favourable in rural areas than urban areas, citizen perceptions begin to deteriorate with the relative geographical isolation of communities. In the country’s most remote regions, these perceptions are estimated to be even poorer than in urban areas. In sum, rural and remote communities are not the idealized settings so often portrayed in public and academic work.
Free-water imaging of the cholinergic basal forebrain and pedunculopontine nucleus in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Ray Nicola J , Lawson Rachael A , Martin Sarah L , Sigurdsson Hilmar P , Wilson Joanna , Galna Brook , Lord Sue , Alcock Lisa , Duncan Gordon W , Khoo Tien K , O’Brien John T , Burn David J , Taylor John-Paul , Rea River C , Bergamino Maurizio , Rochester Lynn , Yarnall Alison J 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFree-water imaging can predict and monitor dopamine system degeneration in people with Parkinson’s disease. It can also enhance the sensitivity of traditional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics for indexing neurodegeneration. However, these tools are yet to be applied to investigate cholinergic system degeneration in Parkinson’s disease, which involves both the pedunculopontine nucleus and cholinergic basal forebrain.Free-water imaging, free-water-corrected DTI and volumetry were used to extract structural metrics from the cholinergic basal forebrain and pedunculopontine nucleus in 99 people with Parkinson’s disease and 46 age-matched controls. Cognitive ability was tracked over 4.5 years.Pearson’s partial correlations revealed that free-water-corrected DTI metrics in the pedunculopontine nucleus were associated with performance on cognitive tasks that required participants to make rapid choices (behavioural flexibility). Volumetric, free-water content and DTI metrics in the cholinergic basal forebrain were elevated in a sub-group of people with Parkinson’s disease with evidence of cognitive impairment, and linear mixed modelling revealed that these metrics were differently associated with current and future changes to cognition.Free water and free-water-corrected DTI can index cholinergic degeneration that could enable stratification of patients in clinical trials of cholinergic interventions for cognitive decline. In addition, degeneration of the pedunculopontine nucleus impairs behavioural flexibility in Parkinson’s disease, which may explain this region’s role in increased risk of falls.
Tau protein quantification in skin biopsies differentiates tauopathies from alpha-synucleinopathies
Authors: Vacchi Elena , Lazzarini Edoardo , Pinton Sandra , Chiaro Giacomo , Disanto Giulio , Marchi Francesco , Robert Thomas , Staedler Claudio , Galati Salvatore , Gobbi Claudio , Barile Lucio , Kaelin-Lang Alain , Melli Giorgia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Abnormal accumulation of microtubule-associated protein tau (τ) is a characteristic feature of atypical parkinsonisms with tauopathies, such as progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration. However, pathological τ has also been observed in α-synucleinopathies like Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy. Based on the involvement of the peripheral nervous system in several neurodegenerative diseases, we characterized and compared τ expression in skin biopsies of patients clinically diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration and in healthy control subjects.
In all groups, τ protein was detected along both somatosensory and autonomic nerve fibres in the epidermis and dermis by immunofluorescence. We found by western blot the presence of mainly two different bands at 55 and 70 kDa, co-migrating with 0N4R/1N3R and 2N4R isoforms, respectively. At the RNA level, the main transcript variants were 2N and 4R, and both were more expressed in progressive supranuclear palsy/corticobasal degeneration by real-time PCR. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated significantly higher levels of total τ protein in skin lysates of progressive supranuclear palsy/corticobasal degeneration compared to the other groups. Multivariate regression analysis and receiver operating characteristics curve analysis of τ amount at both sites showed a clinical association with tauopathies diagnosis and high diagnostic value for progressive supranuclear palsy/corticobasal degeneration versus Parkinson’s disease (sensitivity 90%, specificity 69%) and progressive supranuclear palsy/corticobasal degeneration versus multiple system atrophy (sensitivity 90%, specificity 86%). τ protein increase correlated with cognitive impairment in progressive supranuclear palsy/corticobasal degeneration.
This study is a comprehensive characterization of τ in the human cutaneous peripheral nervous system in physiological and pathological conditions. The differential expression of τ, both at transcript and protein levels, suggests that skin biopsy, an easily accessible and minimally invasive exam, can help in discriminating among different neurodegenerative diseases.
And I’m feeling good: effect of emotional sweat and perfume on others’ physiology, verbal responses, and creativity
Authors: Richard Ortegón Stéphane , Fournel Arnaud , Carlos Olivia , Kawabata Duncan Keith , Hirabayashi Kazue , Tagai Keiko , Abriat Anne , Bensafi Moustafa , Race Bénédicte , Ferdenzi Camille 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Emotions can be communicated in social contexts through chemosignals contained in human body odors. The transmission of positive emotions via these signals has received little interest in past research focused mainly on negative emotional transmission. Furthermore, how the use of perfumed products might modulate this transmission remains poorly understood. To investigate human positive chemical communication, we explored the autonomic, verbal, and behavioral responses of receivers exposed to body odors of donors having undergone a within-subject positive or neutral mood induction procedure. These responses were compared with those obtained after exposure to the same body odors with added fragrance. Our findings suggest that positive emotions can be transmitted through body odor. They not only induced modifications at the physiological (heart rate) and verbal levels (perceived intensity and familiarity) but also at the behavioral level, with an improved performance on creativity tasks. Perfume did not modulate the physiological effects and had a synergistic effect on the positive body odor ratings (increased perceived differences between the neutral and positive body odor).
Increased LDL-cholesterol level is associated with deterioration of renal function in males
Authors: Osanami Arata , Tanaka Marenao , Furuhashi Masato , Ohnishi Hirofumi , Hanawa Nagisa , Yamashita Tomohisa , Moniwa Norihito , Miura Tetsuji 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Relationships between levels of serum lipid fractions and the time course of renal function are discrepant in the literature. Here we examined this issue by analyses of healthy subjects in a cohort.

Methods
Of all subjects who received health examinations at Keijinkai Maruyama Clinic, Sapporo in 2006, subjects with hypertension, diabetes mellitus or chronic kidney disease (CKD) and those taking medication for dyslipidemia were excluded and a total of 5586 subjects (male/female: 3563/2023, mean age: 43 ± 8 years) were followed for 10 years.

Results
Linear mixed effect models showed that baseline low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) level was negatively associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) during the 10-year follow-up period after adjustment for confounders. Interactions between the follow-up year and baseline level of LDL-C or high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) for eGFR values during the follow-up period were significant in males but not in females. There were no significant interactions for eGFR between the follow-up year and baseline levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, or HDL-C/triglycerides ratio. During the follow-up period, 346 males and 223 females developed CKD. When male subjects were divided into subgroups according to tertiles of baseline levels of LDL-C, the adjusted risk for CKD in the third tertial group was significantly higher than that in the first tertile group as a reference [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.39 (1.02–1.90), P = .035]. Such a difference was not observed for LDL-C tertiles in females or HDL-C tertiles in both sexes.

Conclusions
A high LDL-C level may be a risk factor for new-onset CKD in apparently healthy males.
Impact of Cannabis Use on Inpatient Inflammatory Bowel Disease Outcomes in 2 States Legalizing Recreational Cannabis
Authors: Pusateri Antoinette , Anaizi Ahmad , Nemer Laura , Hinton Alice , Lara Luis , Afzali Anita 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
We evaluated the impact of recreational cannabis legalization on use and inpatient outcomes of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods
Hospitalized adult patients in Colorado and Washington before (2011) and after (2015) recreational cannabis legalization were compared by chi-square tests for categorical variables and t-tests for continuous variables. Multivariable regression models adjusting for demographic data were fit to assess the association of cannabis use with hospital outcomes.

Results
Reported cannabis use increased after legalization (1.2% vs 4.2%, P &lt; .001). On multivariable analysis, in 2011, cannabis users were less likely to need total parenteral nutrition (odds ratio 0.12, P = .038), and in 2015 had less hospital charges ($−8418, P = .024).

Conclusions
The impact of cannabis legalization and use on IBD is difficult to analyze but may have implications on inpatient IBD outcomes as described in this retrospective analysis. Large, prospective studies are needed to evaluate other IBD outcomes based on cannabis legalization and use.
Association between BNT162b2 or CoronaVac COVID-19 vaccines and major adverse cardiovascular events among individuals with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Ye Xuxiao , Ma Tiantian , Blais Joseph E , Yan Vincent K C , Kang Wei , Chui Celine S L , Lai Francisco T T , Li Xue , Wan Eric Y F , Wong Carlos K H , Tse Hung Fat , Siu Chung Wah , Wong Ian C K , Chan Esther W 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aims
Concern about the cardiovascular safety of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines among individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD) may lead to vaccine hesitancy. We sought to assess the association between two COVID-19 vaccines, BNT162b2 and CoronaVac, and the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in individuals with established CVD.

Methods and results
We identified individuals with a history of CVD before 23 February 2021 and a diagnosis of MACE between 23 February 2021 and 31 January 2022 in Hong Kong. MACE was defined as a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, revascularization, and cardiovascular death. Electronic health records from the Hong Kong Hospital Authority were linked to vaccination records from the Department of Health. A self-controlled case-series method was used to evaluate the risk of MACE for 0–13 and 14–27 days after two doses of COVID-19 vaccine. We estimated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) to compare the risk of MACE between each risk period and the baseline period. A total of 229 235 individuals with CVD were identified, of which 1764 were vaccinated and had a diagnosis of MACE during the observation period (BNT162b2 = 662; CoronaVac = 1102). For BNT162b2, IRRs were 0.48 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.23–1.02] for the first dose and 0.87 (95% CI 0.50–1.52) for the second dose during the 0–13 days risk period, 0.40 (95% CI 0.18–0.93) for the first dose and 1.13 (95% CI 0.70–1.84) for the second dose during the 14–27 days risk period. For CoronaVac, the IRRs were 0.43 (95% CI 0.24–0.75) for the first dose and, 0.73 (95% CI 0.46–1.16) for the second dose during the 0–13 days risk period, 0.54 (95% CI 0.33–0.90) for the first dose and 0.83 (95% CI 0.54–1.29) for the second dose during the 14–27 days risk period. Consistent results were found in subgroup analyses for different sexes, age groups and different underlying cardiovascular conditions.

Conclusion
Our findings showed no evidence of an increased risk of MACE after vaccination with BNT162b2 or CoronaVac in patients with CVD. Future research is required to monitor the risk after the third dose of each vaccine.