bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody seroprevalence rates among Egyptian blood donors around the third wave: Cross‐sectional study
Authors: Eldesoukey Nermeen , Gaafar Taghrid , Enein Azza Aboul , Eyada Iman , Khirat Sahar , ElShahawy Asmaa , Diaa Nehal , Youssry Ilham 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeroprevalence studies may provide a more representative situation of the disease burden and population‐level immunity in a country.AimThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) antibodies among asymptomatic blood donors attending the Cairo University blood bank services at various points in time around the third wave.MethodsThis cross‐section study included 3058 eligible blood donors, representing a demographically and socially heterogeneous healthy population and categorized as: Group 1, 954 donors in the period from March 20 to 30/2021; Group 2, 990 donors in the period from June 3 to 10/2021. These two groups were tested for IgG against SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid antigen (NC) to detect qualitative reactivity. Group 3, 1114 donors in the period from July 20 to 30/2021 were tested by the SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG II Quant assay for the quantitative detection of IgG antibodies, including neutralizing antibodies (antispike antibodies).ResultsDonors' age ranged between 18 and 59 (mean 33.9 ± 9) years. There was no significant correlation between seroprevalence and gender, area of residence, ABO or Rh blood types, and occupation or education. Antibody prevalence was found to be 13.2% in Group 1, 19.2% in Group 2 (overall 16.2%), and 66% in Group 3. There were only 49 included cases vaccinated against COVID‐19.ConclusionWe concluded that the significant increasing trend in seroprevalence rates during the third wave, March, June, and July, in Egypt, reflects a high cumulative incidence of seroconversion that mirrored the epidemic curve in its rise, fall, and nadir.
Melting of nano‐enhanced phase change material in a cavity heated sinusoidal from below: Numerical study using lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Laouer Abdelghani , Al‐Farhany Khaled 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNatural convection and melting of ice as a phase change material dispersed with copper nanoparticles are numerically investigated. Square cavity filled with nano‐mixture (Cu−ice) subjected to sinusoidal temperature distributions from the hot bottom boundary. The phase change process and heat transfer are formulated and solved using the enthalpy‐based lattice Boltzmann method. Home‐built numerical code is developed and validated. The effect of Rayleigh number (Ra = 104, 105, and 106) and copper nanoparticle concentration (ϕ = 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5%) on the flow characteristics and thermal performance of NePCM during the melting process is examined. According to the numerical results, the melting and charging times decrease by increasing the Rayleigh number. It is also observed that increasing the volume fraction of nanoparticle decrease melting time by up to 10%.
Contributions of climatic and social factors to two water use efficiency indicators in the Yellow River
Authors: Fan Donglin , Wen Xiaojin , Cai Liping , Wang Hui , Wang Shanshan , Badarifu  , Gao Zhiyu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTracing the spatiotemporal tendency and driving forces of water use efficiency (WUE) is of great significance for understanding the carbon‐water balance, especially in large river basins. The lack of differential comparisons regarding the tendencies and driving forces of WUE indicators between the upper and lower reaches of rivers often affects the collaborative allocation and utilization of water resources at the basin scale, especially social factors such as population and economy distributions. Using remote sensing data and hierarchical decomposition methods, we identified the spatiotemporal distribution of the WUE of ecosystems (WUEe) and the WUE of canopies (WUEc) in the Yellow River Basin from 2003 to 2017 as well as the contribution rates of climatic and social factors to WUEe and WUEc. Our results show that WUEe had a different distribution pattern than WUEc. An increase in WUEe was accompanied by a decrease in WUEc, and these changes varied among the upper, middle and lower reaches. WUEc was most negatively correlated with pressure (| r | = 0.65), while WUEe was most positively correlated with the precipitation rate (| r | = 0.68). The contribution rates of climatic factors to both WUEc and WUEe in the upper reaches were higher than 95%. The middle reaches were mainly driven by climatic factors, with contribution rates higher than 90%. In the lower reaches, the contribution rates of social factors to WUEe were higher than 30%. These differentiated contributions indicated the importance of considering social factors in the lower reaches than in the upper reaches when managing WUEe under the dominance of climatic factors on WUEc.
Risk of secondary nonhematologic malignancies after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: A nationwide case‐control cohort study
Authors: Park Sung‐Soo , Park Si‐Hyun , Han Seunghoon 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOur study investigated the incidence of secondary nonhematologic malignancies in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐SCT) and explored its risk compared to the general population. A population‐based case cohorts with adult patients who received allo‐SCT between January 2002 and December 2018 and a control cohort with matched general population were extracted from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. Each case and control cohort included 5177 patients. With a median follow‐up of 2374 days for the case cohort and 2269 days for the control cohort, the 10‐year cumulative incidence rate of nonhematologic malignancy was significantly higher in the case cohort compared to the control cohort (4.23% vs 2.3%, hazard ratio [HR] 1.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32‐2.25, P < .001). The sub‐class analysis according to cancer‐site revealed significantly higher risks of 10‐year cumulative incidence for cancers of head, neck and esophagus (HR 3.19, 95% CI 1.34‐7.59, P = .003); cancers involving upper gastrointestinal tract (HR 3.74, 95% CI 1.58‐8.85, P < .001), colorectal cancer (HR 2.02, 95% CI 1.04‐3.91, P = .029), thyroid cancer (HR 2.09, 95% CI 1.1‐3.97, P = .012), gynecological cancer (HR 2.69, 95% CI 1.04‐6.96, P = .048) in the case cohort compared to the control cohort. No significant differences were detected for cancers involving lung, mediastinum and heart, breast cancer in female, cancers of the hepatobiliary and pancreatic system and cancers associated with urological system. These findings suggest the need for enhanced screening for nonhematologic malignancies in allo‐SCT recipients compared to the general population.
Dyadic parent–infant interaction patterns at 12 months: Exploring dyadic parent–infant gender compositions
Authors: Siqveland Torill Sundet , Fredriksen Eivor , Wentzel‐Larsen Tore , Smith Lars , Moe Vibeke 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study investigates differences in dyadic mother–infant and father–infant interaction patterns at infant age 12 months, and the relation between different parent–infant gender compositions and the dyadic interaction. Data were drawn from a large‐scale, population‐based Norwegian community sample comprising 671 mother–infant and 337 father–infant interactions. The Early Relational Health Screen (ERHS), a screening method for observing dyadic parent–infant interactions, was used to assess the parent–infant interactions. Scores on the ERHS were employed to investigate dyadic differences in the overall interaction scores, and dyadic interaction on seven sub‐dimensions between mother–infant and father–infant pairs. The relation between different parent–infant gender compositions and the dyadic interaction scores was also examined. As expected in a normative sample, most parent–infant interactions received scores in the upper rating levels. Differences between mother–infant and father–infant patterns were generally small, but mother–infant dyads tended to obtain slightly higher scores. The mother–infant dyads received higher scores on the dimensions of engagement and enjoyment, but no other significant differences between the parent–infant pairs were found for the remaining dimensions. We did not find evidence for a moderation effect of child gender. However, parent–daughter dyads received somewhat higher scores than the parent–son dyads.
Isolation of fucoxanthin chlorophyll protein complexes of the centric diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana associated with the xanthophyll cycle enzyme diadinoxanthin de‐epoxidase
Authors: Goss Reimund , Volke Daniela , Werner Lina Emilia , Kunz Ronja , Kansy Marcel , Hoffmann Ralf , Wilhelm Christian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the present study, low concentrations of the very mild detergent n‐dodecyl‐α‐d‐maltoside in conjunction with sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation were used to prepare fucoxanthin chlorophyll protein (FCP) complexes of the centric diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. Two main FCP fractions were observed in the sucrose gradients, one in the upper part and one at high sucrose concentrations in the lower part of the gradient. The first fraction was dominated by the 18 kDa FCP protein band in SDS‐gels. Since this fraction also contained other protein bands, it was designated as fraction enriched in FCP‐A complex. The second fraction contained mainly the 21 kDa FCP band, which is typical for the FCP‐B complex. Determination of the lipid composition showed that both FCP fractions contained monogalactosyl diacylglycerol as the main lipid followed by the second galactolipid of the thylakoid membrane, namely digalactosyl diacylglycerol. The negatively charged lipids sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol and phosphatidyl glycerol were also present in both fractions in pronounced concentrations. With respect to the pigment composition, the fraction enriched in FCP‐A contained a higher amount of the xanthophyll cycle pigments diadinoxanthin (DD) and diatoxanthin (Dt), whereas the FCP‐B fraction was characterized by a lower ratio of xanthophyll cycle pigments to the light‐harvesting pigment fucoxanthin. Protein analysis by mass spectrometry revealed that in both FCP fractions the xanthophyll cycle enzyme diadinoxanthin de‐epoxidase (DDE) was present. In addition, the analysis showed an enrichment of DDE in the fraction enriched in FCP‐A but only a very low amount of DDE in the FCP‐B fraction. In‐vitro de‐epoxidation assays, employing the isolated FCP complexes, were characterized by an inefficient conversion of DD to Dt. However, in line with the heterogeneous DDE distribution, the fraction enriched in FCP‐A showed a more pronounced DD de‐epoxidation compared with the FCP‐B.
Actionable research for understanding and addressing homelessness
Authors: Pruitt Anna S. , Barile John P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHomelessness results from an interaction of structural determinants and individual vulnerabilities, creating various pathways into homelessness and having multilevel impacts. Understanding and addressing homelessness requires research that not only takes an ecological perspective but also can be translated into action. Despite research demonstrating differing needs and experience among various subpopulations, particularly marginalized groups, homeless service systems often take a one‐size‐fits‐all approach. Additionally, homeless service systems’ prioritization of the most vulnerable and chronically homeless for permanent housing programs results in a service system that operates in a state of triage, with minimal attention to prevention efforts. This special issue highlights actionable research focused on preventing homelessness and addressing disparities among marginalized groups. Included articles target homelessness at multiple levels using a combination of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed‐methods approaches. Embedded in community psychology values, this study focuses on prevention, leverages participatory methods, relies on diverse lived experiences, and explores community‐based solutions.
Glutamate–aspartate transporter 1 attenuates oxygen–glucose deprivation‐induced injury by promoting glutamate metabolism in primary cortical neurons
Authors: Zhao Yun‐Zhi , Wei Jun , Song Ke‐Xin , Zhou Chen , Chai Zhen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIschemic stroke is a common cerebral disease. However, the treatment for the disease is limited. Daurian ground squirrel (GS; Spermophilus dauricus), a hibernating mammalian species, is highly tolerant to ischemia. In the present study, GS neurons in a non‐hibernating state were found to be more resistant to oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD), an ischemic model in vitro. We leveraged the differences in the endurance capacity of GS and rats to investigate the mechanisms of resistance to ischemia in GS neurons. We first identified glutamate–aspartate transporter 1 (GLAST) as a cytoprotective factor that contributed to tolerance against OGD injury of GS neurons. The expression of GLAST in GS neurons was much higher than that in rat neurons. Overexpression of GLAST rescued viability in rat neurons, and GS neurons exhibited decreased viability following GLAST knockdown under OGD conditions. Mechanistically, more glutamate was transported into neurons after GLAST overexpression and served as substrates for ATP production. Furthermore, eukaryotic transcription initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 was downregulated by GLAST to rescue neuronal viability. Our findings not only revealed an important molecular mechanism underlying the survival of hibernating mammals but also suggested that neuronal GLAST may be a potential target for ischemic stroke therapy.
The association between peer‐victimisation and structural and functional brain outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Ke Tianyuan , De Simoni Sara , Barker Edward , Smith Patrick 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeer adversity and aggression are common experiences in childhood and adolescence which lead to poor mental health outcomes. To date, there has been no review conducted on the neurobiological changes associated with relational peer‐victimisation, bullying and cyberbullying.MethodsThis systematic review assessed structural and functional brain changes associated with peer‐victimisation, bullying, and cyberbullying from 1 January 2000 to April 2021. A systematic search of Psychoinfo, Pubmed, and Scopus was performed independently by two reviewers using predefined criteria. Twenty‐six studies met the selection criteria and were considered for review.ResultsThe data collected shows altered brain activation of regions implicated in processing reward, social pain, and affect; and heightened sensitivity and more widespread activation of brain regions during acute social exclusion, most notably in the amygdala, left parahippocampal gyrus, and fusiform gyrus, associated with victimisation exposure. In addition, victimised youths also demonstrated greater risk‐taking behaviours following acute social exclusion showing greater ventral striatum—inferior frontal gyrus coupling, activation in the bilateral amygdala, orbital frontal cortex (OFC), medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), temporoparietal junction (TPJ), medial posterior parietal cortex (MPPC) and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), suggesting greater social monitoring, seeking of inclusion, and more effortful cognitive control. The studies included participants from a very broad developmental age range, mostly using cross‐sectional measure of peer‐victimisation exposure, at varying developmental stages.ConclusionsThis review highlights the need for more neuroimaging studies in cyberbullying, as well as longitudinal studies across more diverse samples for investigating gender, age, and developmental interactions with peer‐victimising. This also brings to attention the importance of addressing bullying victimisation particularly in adolescence, given the evidence for social stress in heightening developmentally sensitive processes which are associated with depression, anxiety, and externalising symptoms.
Molecular mechanisms underlying ameliorative impact of melatonin against age‐dependent chronic arsenic toxicity in rats' brains
Authors: Abdollahzade Naseh , Mihanfar Ainaz , Majidinia Maryam 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAccumulation of random molecular damage such as oxidative DNA damage and inflammation is extremely found to be involved in the aging process. Due to extreme energy requirements and high lipid levels, the brain is more susceptible to oxidative damage during aging especially under exposure to toxic elements such as arsenic. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate the ameliorative effects of melatonin, as a neurohormone, on the arsenic‐induced behavioral abnormalities, and the underlying mechanisms. Forty‐eight rats, as young and old aged groups were exposed to 5.55 g/kg body weight arsenic for 4 weeks and then 10 mg/kg melatonin for 2 weeks. Our results showed that arsenic led to anxiety‐like behavioral abnormalities in rats. Increased oxidative stress‐induced damage to DNA, lipids and proteins, decreased potential of antioxidant defense system, induced apoptosis, elevated inflammation, and alteration in the histology of cortical region of brains are observed in the rats exposed to arsenic. These effects were more prominent in aged rats in comparison to young rats. Melatonin successfully attenuates arsenic induced adverse effects on the brain in both age groups. In conclusion, our study shows that melatonin has significant ameliorative impact on age‐dependent cytotoxicity of arsenic in rats' brains.
Testing mechanisms for weight support distribution during inverted quadrupedalism in primates
Authors: Dickinson Edwin , Young Melody W. , Granatosky Michael C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA key characteristic of primate above‐branch arboreal locomotion is hindlimb‐biased weight support, subverting the typical mammalian condition in which the majority of the body weight is supported by the forelimb. This shift is thought to reflect an adaptation toward the arboreal niches exploited by early primates. However, above‐branch quadrupedalism represents only one locomotor mode employed by primates in arboreal contexts. Inverted quadrupedal gaits, in which primates are suspended beneath branches by their hands and feet, have been documented in more than 50 primate taxa. This gait is characterized by a return to forelimb‐biased weight distributions and a transition from peak vertical forces being greatest in the hindlimb to being greatest in the forelimb, which may occur to protect the hindlimb from high magnitudes of tensile loading when inverted. In this study, we compare kinetic and kinematic data during upright and inverted quadrupedalism in Lemur catta, Varecia variegata, Cebus capucinus, and Saimiri sciureus. These data are referenced against a classical inverted quadrupedal model: the two‐toed sloth (Choloepus didactylus). Our findings show that inverted quadrupedalism in primates is differentiated from above‐branch quadrupedalism by increases in forelimb weight support, forelimb contact times, and both forelimb and hindlimb joint excursions. Previously postulated biomechanical models outlining mechanisms relating to the control of weight support during upright walking do not translate well to inverted quadrupedal walking. We suggest that inverted primates may simply be adopting basal neuromuscular gait characteristics and applying them facultatively to this infrequent locomotor behavior.
Phytophthora cinnamomi causing root rot on Rhododendron lapponicum and control it using potential biocontrol agents
Authors: Liu Yinglong , He Pengbo , Munir Shahzad , He Pengfei , Wu Yixin , Asad Suhail , Tang Zaixiang , He Yueqiu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRhododendron lapponicum (R. lapponicum) is a dwarf Rhododendron species, which is severely infected with root rot and wilt in Yunnan province, China. However, the causal agent causing these symptoms was unknown. An isolate, Pci‐1 was identified as Phytophthora cinnamomi, based on its morphology and the sequences of β‐tubulin, internal transcribed spacer, and Ypt1 genes and verified according to the Koch's postulate. We found that this pathogen could infect 14 species of plants, including Althaea rosea, Viburnum cylindricum, and Brassica napus. Strain Pci‐1 could cause R. lapponicum to wither and die; and it grows best in an oat medium with pH 7.0 − 8.0 and an optimum temperature of 27°C. We suggest that the rhizosphere of R. lapponicum treated with biocontrol strains Paenibacillus polymyxoides P2‐5 and Trichoderma asperellum Tv‐1 showed a significant inhibitory effect on pathogen Pci‐1. The inhibitory effect of 70% dimethomorph + cymoxanil was significantly higher with EC50 and EC90 values of 0.1894 and 0.3618 a.i. µg/ml, respectively. Greenhouse experiments revealed that the pathogen load is decreased in the presence of potential antagonists. This study provides fundamentals on risk assessment and theoretical support for the management of P. cinnamomi pathogen and contributes significantly to the planting of forest and horticultural crops in a disease‐free environment.
Genome sequencing and genomic analysis ofAmycolatopsis tucumanensisDSM 45259 applicable in gray, red, and nano‐biotechnology
Authors: Guerrero Daiana S. , Romero Cintia M. , Polti Marta A. , Dávila Costa José S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThrough the years, the genusAmycolatopsishas demonstrated its biotechnological potential. The need to clean up the environment and produce new antimicrobial molecules led to exploit promising bacterial genera such asAmycolatopsis. In this present work, we analyze the genome of the strainAmycolatopsis tucumanensisAB0 previously isolated from copper‐polluted sediments. Phylogenomic and comparative analysis with the closest phylogenetic neighbor was performed. Our analysis showed the genetic potential of the strain to deal with heavy metals such as copper and mitigate oxidative stress. In addition, the ability to produce copper oxide nanoparticles and the presence of genes potentially involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites suggest thatA. tucumanensismay find utility in gray, red, and nano‐biotechnology. To our knowledge, this is the first genomic analysis of anAmycolatopsisstrain with potential for different biotechnological fields.
A review of the phytochemical and pharmacological properties ofAmauroderma rugosum
Authors: Zheng Cheng‐Wen , Cheung Timothy Man‐Yau , Leung George Pak‐Heng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAmauroderma rugosum(AR) is a basidiomycete in the Ganodermataceae family that has been used traditionally to prevent epileptic attacks and constant crying in babies. However, AR has not been widely studied scientifically. In this review, we summarize the phytochemical components and pharmacological properties of AR that have been reported in the literature. Chemical analyses have revealed that the components of AR include sterols, flavonoids, fatty acids and esters, aromatic acids and esters, phenols, polysaccharides, and triterpenes. Pharmacological properties of AR include antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti‐cancer, anti‐hyperlipidemic, anti‐epileptic, and antibacterial effects. These findings suggest that AR and its bioactive ingredients have potential therapeutic applications, particularly for age‐related diseases.