bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tsunami risk perception, a state-of-the-art review with a focus in the NEAM region
Authors: Cugliari Lorenzo , Cerase Andrea , Amato Alessandro 
Published: December 2022

Large-scale coastal urban sprawl, development of tourist accommodations and industrial maritime poles have highly increased the tsunami risk to people living and/or traveling along the coasts of our planet. The disastrous tsunamis in the Indian Ocean (2004) and in the Pacific Ocean (2011), as well as a suite of other damaging events worldwide, have encouraged International Institutions, first of all UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, National Governments and Local Communities to implement Tsunami Warning Systems (TWS), to raise awareness on tsunami risk, and to create a multilevel risk governance. In this framework, research on tsunami risk perception plays a key role. The results of these studies should be taken into account in designing risk mitigation programs and tools (such as drills, activities with local communities, emergency plans,etc.). This paper presents a review of such studies, carried out in several countries worldwide through many thousands of interviews performed with different techniques. Most tsunami risk perception studies were carried out in the regions where the Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System and the Pacific Ocean one (PTWS) operate. In the NEAMTWS (North-East Atlantic, Mediterranean and connected seas Tsunami Warning Systems) region, only few specific studies were conducted, mostly within the EU-funded ASTARTE project (2013–2017) and more recently in a few extensive surveys on tsunami risk perception conducted in Italy between 2019 and 2021. Although the twenty-three studies analyzed in our review show a strong heterogeneity of methodological approaches and population samples, they allow us to outline some general considerations on tsunami risk as perceived by people in the different regions of the world. With the help of a table, we schematically summarized the emerging strengths, weaknesses and lessons learned in the twenty-three papers, noting an increase in the number of such studies in the last 5 years. The surveys were mostly concentrated in high-risk areas and focused on local residents. Some differences emerged depending on the memory of past tsunamis, education level, and local cultures. This provides useful hints for sound citizen-based tsunami risk reduction actions, including improved risk communication aimed at increasing the resilience of tsunami-prone populations. The need for increasing the assessment of tourists’ tsunami risk perception, and for a more homogeneous survey strategy also emerge from our analysis.
Multiomics signatures of type 1 diabetes with and without albuminuria
Authors: Clos-Garcia Marc , Ahluwalia Tarunveer S. , Winther Signe A. , Henriksen Peter , Ali Mina , Fan Yong , Stankevic Evelina , Lyu Liwei , Vogt Josef K. , Hansen Torben , Legido-Quigley Cristina , Rossing Peter , Pedersen Oluf 
Published: December 2022

Aims/hypothesisTo identify novel pathophysiological signatures of longstanding type 1 diabetes (T1D) with and without albuminuria we investigated the gut microbiome and blood metabolome in individuals with T1D and healthy controls (HC). We also mapped the functional underpinnings of the microbiome in relation to its metabolic role.MethodsOne hundred and sixty-one individuals with T1D and 50 HC were recruited at the Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Denmark. T1D cases were stratified based on levels of albuminuria into normoalbuminuria, moderate and severely increased albuminuria. Shotgun sequencing of bacterial and viral microbiome in stool samples and circulating metabolites and lipids profiling using mass spectroscopy in plasma of all participants were performed. Functional mapping of microbiome into Gut Metabolic Modules (GMMs) was done using EggNog and KEGG databases. Multiomics integration was performed using MOFA tool.ResultsMeasures of the gut bacterial beta diversity differed significantly between T1D and HC, either with moderately or severely increased albuminuria. Taxonomic analyses of the bacterial microbiota identified 51 species that differed in absolute abundance between T1D and HC (17 higher, 34 lower). Stratified on levels of albuminuria, 10 species were differentially abundant for the moderately increased albuminuria group, 63 for the severely increased albuminuria group while 25 were common and differentially abundant both for moderately and severely increased albuminuria groups, when compared to HC. Functional characterization of the bacteriome identified 23 differentially enriched GMMs between T1D and HC, mostly involved in sugar and amino acid metabolism. No differences in relation to albuminuria stratification was observed. Twenty-five phages were differentially abundant between T1D and HC groups. Six of these varied with albuminuria status. Plasma metabolomics indicated differences in the steroidogenesis and sugar metabolism and circulating sphingolipids in T1D individuals. We identified association between sphingolipid levels and Bacteroides sp. abundances. MOFA revealed reduced interactions between gut microbiome and plasma metabolome profiles albeit polar metabolite, lipids and bacteriome compositions contributed to the variance in albuminuria levels among T1D individuals.ConclusionsIndividuals with T1D and progressive kidney disease stratified on levels of albuminuria show distinct signatures in their gut microbiome and blood metabolome.
WF SS-OCTA for detecting diabetic retinopathy and evaluating the effect of photocoagulation on posterior vitreous detachment
Authors: Gong Yi , Hu Liying , Wang Linni , Shao Yan , Li Xiaorong 
Published: December 2022

PurposeThis study aimed to assess the clinical usefulness of widefield swept source optical coherence tomography angiography (WF SS-OCTA) for detecting microvasculature lesions in diabetic retinopathy (DR) by comparing it with ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography (UWFFA) and to investigate the effect of panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) on posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) status.MethodsPatients with severe non-proliferative DR (NPDR) or proliferative DR (PDR) who were initially treated with PRP were enrolled. They underwent WF SS-OCTA with a 12×12-mm scan pattern of five visual fixations at baseline and at least a 3-month follow-up after PRP treatment. Patients with no contraindications underwent imaging with UWFFA within a week. Images were evaluated using two methods for the areas of the visible field of view (FOV), non-perfusion area (NPA), presence of neovascularization of the disc (NVD), neovascularization elsewhere (NVE), and PVD status.ResultsIn total, 44 eyes of 28 patients with DR that were initially treated with PRP were analyzed. The FOV of the UWFFA was significantly wider than that of the WF SS-OCTA. The quantitative measurement of the NPAs was consistent between the two methods. NPAs more than 5DA outside the panoramic OCTA imaging area were detected in 1 eye with NPDR (8.3%) and in 10 eyes with PDR (47.8%). WF SS-OCTA had high detection rates for NVDs and NVEs, with a low rate of false positives. After PRP treatment, no eyes indicated progression in the PVD stages around the macula, optical disc, or NVEs at the short follow-up.ConclusionWF SS-OCTA is clinically useful for evaluating NPAs and neovascularization in DR. PRP treatment does not induce PVD development in the short term.
Small RNA perspective of physical exercise-related improvement of male reproductive dysfunction due to obesity
Authors: Lin Tingting , Zhang Shuyu , Zhou Yuchuan , Wu Ligang , Liu Xinmei , Huang Hefeng 
Published: December 2022

PurposeTo study whether physical exercise can effectively ameliorate obesity-induced abnormalities in male fertility and provide a new perspective on the role of small noncoding RNAs in spermatogenesis in obese male mice.MethodsIn this study, four-week-old C57/Bl6 male mice were randomly allocated to receive a control diet, a high-fat diet or physical exercise intervention for 40 weeks. Purified round spermatids and spermatozoa were obtained after intervention. Sperm motility, concentration, the ability of the sperm to undergo capacitation and acrosome reaction were assessed. Small RNA sequencing was conducted on round spermatids and spermatozoa. The small noncoding RNAs expression pattern was systematically analyzed.ResultsThe spermatozoa concentration and percentage of motile spermatozoa, the capacitation and acrosome reaction, and the reproductive success rate, including mating success and pregnancy success, were decreased or delayed in the obesity group compared with controls. Physical exercise was able to restore the parameters to normal levels. Three microRNAs were consistently upregulated and 5 were downregulated in round spermatids and epididymal spermatozoa between the obesity and control groups.ConclusionsThis report provides evidence that the adverse effects of obesity could be offset after physical exercise. small noncoding RNAs, especially microRNAs in germ cells, may play an important role in the effects of obesity and physical exercise on spermatozoa.
Visit-to-visit variability in triglyceride-glucose index and diabetes: A 9-year prospective study in the Kailuan Study
Authors: Wang Xianxuan , Chen Yanjuan , Huang Zegui , Cai Zefeng , Yu Xinran , Chen Zekai , Li Linyao , Chen Guanzhi , Wu Kuangyi , Zheng Huancong , Wu Shouling , Chen Youren 
Published: December 2022

Instruction/AimsIt is unknown whether variability in the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG-index) is associated with the risk of diabetes. Here, we sought to characterize the relationship between TyG-index variability and incident diabetes.MethodsWe performed a prospective study of 48,013 participants in the Kailuan Study who did not have diabetes. The TyG-index was calculated as ln [triglyceride (TG, mg/dL) concentration × fasting blood glucose concentration (FBG, mg/dL)/2]. The TyG-index variability was assessed using the standard deviation (SD) of three TyG-index values that were calculated during 2006/07, 2008/09, and 2010/11. We used the Cox proportional hazard models to analyze the effect of TyG-index variability on incident diabetes.ResultsA total of 4,055 participants were newly diagnosed with diabetes during the study period of 8.95 years (95% confidence interval (CI) 8.48–9.29 years). After adjustment for confounding factors, participants in the highest and second-highest quartiles had significantly higher risks of new-onset diabetes versus the lowest quartile, with hazard ratios (95% CIs) of 1.18 (1.08–1.29) and 1.13 (1.03–1.24), respectively (P trend&lt; 0.05). These higher risks remained after further adjustment for the baseline TyG-index.ConclusionsA substantial fluctuation in TyG-index is associated with a higher risk of diabetes in the Chinese population, implying that it is important to maintain a normal and consistent TyG-index.
Regional organic matter and mineral dust are the main components of atmospheric aerosols over the Nam Co station on the central Tibetan Plateau in summer
Authors: Zhang Haotian , Tian Pengfei , Kang Chenliang , Guo Yumin , Yu Zeren , Lu Gefei , Tang Chenguang , Du Tao , Wang Jiayun , Zhang Zhida , Cao Xianjie , Liang Jiening , Shi Jinsen 
Published: December 2022

The transport of air pollutants from areas surrounding the Tibetan Plateau (TP) has recently been studied. However, the major sources of atmospheric total suspended particulate matter (TSP) on the central TP remain unclear due to a lack of in-situ observations on aerosol physico-chemical properties. Therefore, to quantitatively investigate the physico-chemical properties and reveal the major sources of atmospheric aerosols, a comprehensive field campaign was conducted at the site of Nam Co from August 6 to September 11, 2020. Aerosol loading was low during the campaign with average TSP mass concentration, scattering coefficient at 550 nm, and absorption coefficient at 670 nm being 10.11 ± 5.36 μg m−3, 1.71 ± 1.36 Mm−1, and 0.26 ± 0.20 Mm−1, respectively. Organic matter (63.9%) and mineral dust (27.8%) accounted for most of the TSP mass concentrations. The average scattering Ångström exponent of 0.59 ± 0.14 reflected the influence of mineral dust, and the elemental fractions and the results of enrichment factor illustrated that crustal materials were the main contributors of mineral dust. The organic to elemental carbon ratio of 15.33 is probably caused by the aging that occurs during the transport of aerosols. The strong correlation between organic carbon and Ca2+ and the results of the electron microscopy analysis of single particles indicated that organic carbon and mineral dust had the same sources; however, the weak relation between mineral dust and wind speed indicated that local wind erosion was not the main contributor to the mineral dust. The potential source contribution function further illustrated that the summertime TSP in the central TP was mainly characterized by background biomass and mineral dust aerosols originating regionally from the ground within the TP.
Changes in crop water consumption in Xinjiang of China from 1989 to 2018: A Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index decomposition analysis
Authors: Li Yinbo , Deng Mingjiang 
Published: December 2022

Xinjiang, located in Northwestern China, is the important production base of various crops with high water consumption. The quantitative contribution of driving factors to crop water consumption has not been investigated in Xinjiang. In this study, the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index method is used to quantitatively analyze the effect of five factors (population, planting structure, agricultural economics, water intensity, and industrial structure) to crop water consumption during 1989–2018. The results show that 1) crop water consumption has increased from 10.363 to 37.226 billion m3 with a rate of 0.932 billion m3/a in 1989–2018. Its increased trend can be divided into two stages: a slow increase at a rate of 0.425 million m3/a in 1989–2003 and a quick expansion at a rate of 1.310 million m3/a in 2004–2018. 2) The increase of population and agricultural economics both promote crop water consumption, whereas changes in planting structure and water intensity both inhibit crop water consumption. Their contributions are 0.213, 2.068, −0.007, and −0.134 billion m3, respectively. The increased agricultural economics and the decreased water intensity more significantly changed crop water consumption in 2004–2018 than in 1989–2003. 3) The total effects of five factors on crops varied at each stage. All crops (except wheat) have a promoting effect on an increase in crop water consumption with the largest value in cotton (0.378 million m3) in 1989–2003. The effect of the five factors on crops (except soybean and medicago) is positive (1.404 million m3), and the highest value is shown in cotton during 2004–2018. The results illustrate the contribution of the five factors of crop water consumption and provide references for local agricultural water saving in Xinjiang.
Bioinformatics analysis of genes related to ferroptosis in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Sun Shuo , Xue Jianming , Guo Yunfei , Li Jianling 
Published: December 2022

Background: Primary liver cancer is the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide in 2020, and it ranks fifth in global incidence. Liver resection or liver transplantation are the two most prominent surgical procedures for treating primary liver cancer. Both inevitably result in HIRI, causing severe complications for patients and affecting their prognosis and quality of survival. Ferroptosis, a newly discovered mode of cell death, is closely related to HIRI. We used bioinformatics analysis to explore the relationship between the two further.Methods: The GEO database dataset GSE112713 and the FerrDB database data were selected to use bioinformatic analysis methods (difference analysis, FRGs identification, GO analysis, KEGG analysis, PPI network construction and analysis, Hub gene screening with GO analysis and KEGG analysis, intergenic interaction prediction, drug-gene interaction prediction, miRNA prediction) for both for correlation analysis. The GEO database dataset GSE15480 was selected for preliminary validation of the screened Hub genes.Results: We analysed the dataset GSE112713 for differential gene expression before and after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion and identified by FRGs, yielding 11 genes. These 11 genes were subjected to GO, and KEGG analyses, and PPI networks were constructed and analysed. We also screened these 11 genes again to obtain 5 Hub genes and performed GO analysis, KEGG analysis, intergenic interaction prediction, drug-gene interaction prediction, and miRNA prediction on these 5 Hub genes. Finally, we obtained preliminary validation of all these 5 Hub genes by dataset GSE15480.Conclusion: There is a close relationship between HIRI and ferroptosis, and inhibition of ferroptosis can potentially be a new approach to mitigate HIRI treatment in the future.
The different damage patterns of short-, middle- and long-range connections between patients with relapse-remitting multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Authors: Chen Xiaoya , Peng Yuling , Zheng Qiao , Luo Dan , Han Yongliang , Luo Qi , Zhu Qiyuan , Luo Tianyou , Li Yongmei 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the differences in short-, middle- and long-range connections between patients with relapse-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and their correlation with brain tissue volume, structural and functional network parameters.MethodsA total of 51 RRMS, 42 NMOSD and 56 health controls (HC) were recruited. Of these 25 RRMS (median: 1.37 years) and 20 NMOSD (median: 1.25 years) patients were also studied at follow-up. The whole-brain fiber connection was divided into three groups according to the trisected lengths of the tract in HC group, including short-, middle- and long-range connections. The brain tissue features (including total brain tissue and deep grey matter volumes) and parameters of DTI and functional networks (including the shortest path, clustering coefficient, local efficiency and global efficiency) were calculated. The differences in fiber number (FN) and average fractional anisotropy (FA) were compared between RRMS and NMOSD by the One-way ANOVA and post hoc tests. The correlation between the FN or FA and the brain tissue volume, DTI and functional network parameters were further analyzed by Pearson analysis.ResultsCompared to HC and NMOSD, the total number of fibers in RRMS was decreased, including the reduced FN of middle- and long-range connections, but increased FN of short-range connections. Compared to HC, the FA of three fibers in RRMS and NMOSD were reduced significantly, and the decrease of FA in RRMS was greater than in NMOSD. There were correlations between the FN of short-, and long-range connections and the atrophy of whole brain tissue in two diseases and structural network topological parameters in RRMS. Additionally, there was no significant difference of FN and FA in short-, middle- and long-range connections between the baseline and follow-up in two diseases.ConclusionsRRMS and NMOSD patients have different patterns of fiber connection damage. The FN of different lengths in RRMS and NMOSD patients may be associated with brain atrophy. The FN and FA of different lengths may explain the decreased efficiency of the structural network in RRMS patients. In the short-term follow-up, neither has worsened damage of different fibers in two diseases.
Interferon-inducible SAMHD1 restricts viral replication through downregulation of lipid synthesis
Authors: An Ni , Ge Qinghua , Shao Huihan , Li Quanjie , Guo Fei , Liang Chen , Li Xiaoyu , Yi Dongrong , Yang Long , Cen Shan 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundType I interferon (IFN) inhibits virus infection through multiple processes. Recent evidence indicates that IFN carries out its antiviral activity through readjusting of the cellular metabolism. The sterile alpha motif and histidine-aspartate domain containing protein 1 (SAMHD1), as an interferon-stimulated gene (ISG), has been reported to inhibit a number of retroviruses and DNA viruses, by depleting dNTPs indispensable for viral DNA replication. Here we report a new antiviral activity of SAMHD1 against RNA viruses including HCV and some other flaviviruses infection.MethodsMultiple cellular and molecular biological technologies have been used to detect virus infection, replication and variation of intracellular proteins, including western blotting, qRT-PCR, Gene silencing, immunofluorescence, etc. Besides, microarray gene chip technology was applied to analyze the effects of SAMHD1 overexpression on total expressed genes.ResultsOur data show that SAMHD1 down-regulates the expression of genes related to lipid bio-metabolic pathway, accompanied with impaired lipid droplets (LDs) formation, two events important for flaviviruses infection. Mechanic study reveals that SAMHD1 mainly targets on HCV RNA replication, resulting in a broad inhibitory effect on the infectivity of flaviviruses. The C-terminal domain of SAMHD1 is showed to determine its antiviral function, which is regulated by the phosphorylation of T592. Restored lipid level by overexpression of SREBP1 or supplement with LDs counteracts with the antiviral activity of SAMHD1, providing evidence supporting the role of SAMHD1-mediated down-regulation of lipid synthesis in its function to inhibit viral infection.ConclusionSAMHD1 plays an important role in IFN-mediated blockade of flaviviruses infection through targeting lipid bio-metabolic pathway.
Akkermansia muciniphila suppressing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis associated tumorigenesis through CXCR6+ natural killer T cells
Authors: Li Tao , Lin Xinlong , Shen Binhai , Zhang Wujian , Liu Yangyang , Liu Hongbin , Wang Ye , Zheng Lijun , Zhi Fachao 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionGut microbiota plays a crucial role in the development and progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Akkermansia muciniphila was reported to inhibit inflammation-associated cancer in the intestine. The anti-NASH ability of A. muciniphila has recently been found. Thus, we were to investigate whether supplementation of A. muciniphila could prevent NASH-associated HCC.MethodsIn a model we called STAM, male C57BL/6J mice were subcutaneously injected with 200 µg streptozotocin at 4 days after birth, and fed with high-fat diet at 4 weeks of age to induce NASH-associated HCC. Faeces from mice and patients with NASH-related HCC were collected for 16S rRNA sequencing. STAM mice were orally administered either saline or A. muciniphila twice a day starting at 4 or 10 weeks of age. The effects of A. muciniphila on the immune responses were also evaluated.ResultsPatients and mice with NASH-related HCC showed significantly reduced gut A. muciniphila in comparison to healthy controls. Administration of breast milk-isolated A. muciniphila (AM06) but not feces-isolated A. muciniphila (AM02) could improve NASH severity. Interestingly, breast milk-isolated A. muciniphila treatment suppressed the progression of NASH to HCC, accompanied with an increased hepatic CXCR6+ natural killer T (NKT) cell and decreased macrophage infiltration. The antitumor ability of A. muciniphila was not evident in NKT cell-deficient mice (CD1d-/- and CXCR6-/-). In vitro, A. muciniphila promoted the killing of hepG2 cells by NKT cells.DiscussionOur study will provide the rationale for the application of A. muciniphila to treat NASH and for the prevention of its progression to HCC.