bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic study of super-Eddington layers in the envelopes of massive stars
Authors: Agrawal Poojan , Stevenson Simon , Szécsi Dorottya , Hurley Jarrod 
Published: October 2022

Context. The proximity to the Eddington luminosity has been attributed as the cause of several observed effects in massive stars. Computationally, if the luminosity carried through radiation exceeds the local Eddington luminosity in the low-density envelopes of massive stars, it can result in numerical difficulties, inhibiting further computation of stellar models. This problem is exacerbated by the fact that very few massive stars are observed beyond the Humphreys-Davidson limit, the same region in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram where the aforementioned numerical issues relating to the Eddington luminosity occur in stellar models.
Aims. One-dimensional stellar evolution codes have to use pragmatic solutions to evolve massive stars through this computationally difficult phase. In this work, we quantify the impact of these solutions on the evolutionary properties of massive stars.
Methods. We used the stellar evolution code MESA with commonly used input parameters for massive stellar models to compute the evolution of stars in the initial mass range of 10–110 M⊙ at one-tenth of solar metallicity.
Results. We find that numerical difficulties in stellar models with initial masses greater than or equal to 30 M⊙ cause these models to fail before the end of core helium burning. Recomputing these models using the same physical inputs but three different pragmatic solutions to treat the numerical instability, we find that the maximum radial expansion achieved by stars can vary by up to 2000 R⊙, while the remnant mass of the stars can vary by up to 14 M⊙ between the sets. These differences can have implications on studies such as binary population synthesis.
On the Machining of Joint Implant UHMWPE Inserts
Authors: Piska Miroslav , Urbancova Katerina 
Published: October 2022

The modern orthopaedic implants for applications in hips, knees, shoulders, and spines are composed of hard metal alloys or ceramics. The tribo-logical sub-component is composed of soft materials with good tribological properties – e.g. UHMWPE (Ultra High Molecule Weight Polyethylene). The UHMWPE implants need to be machined into their final shape after the polymerization and consolidation into a blank profile or near-net shaped implant.
So machining is a crucial technology that can generate an accurate and precise shape of the implant that should comply with the joints’ function. However, the machining technology can affect the topography and integrity of the surface, and its resistance to wear. The technology, cutting tools, and cutting conditions can impact the physical and mechanical properties of the entire implant, limiting its life span and creating a need to be replaced.
The basic machining technologies are turning and milling (each can be used as roughing or finishing). There are many ways to machine these surfaces. Many problems such as low rigidity of the product, poor thermal properties of the material, high melt viscosities, and sticking of the material to the cutting edge (production of built-up edges) have been solved. UHMWPE can be damaged by excessive heat, feed rate, cutting force, and tool micro-geometry. The shapes and dimensions for the customized implants vary broadly for the humans this complicates the machining technology. No standard programs can be used repeatedly so each joint must be designed and produced individually. However, it results in the longer implant life and a better comfort of patients.
Anästhesie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Behinderung
Authors: Laschat Michael , Kaufmann Jost , Wappler Frank 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDie sichere anästhesiologische Versorgung von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit körperlichen oder geistigen Behinderungen ist zumeist zeitaufwendig und anspruchsvoll. In diesem Beitrag wollen
wir auf Besonderheiten in der perioperativen Versorgung von behinderten Kindern und Jugendlichen hinweisen. Auf die Probleme bei der Anästhesie von Kindern mit Autismus-Spektrum-Störung,
infantiler Zerebralparese und Trisomie 21 gehen wir im Anschluss näher ein.
Lewis Acid Promoted Homodimerization of Styrene Diols: An Efficient Approach toward 2-Phenylnaphthalenes
Authors: Hazra Chinmoy Kumar , Mahato Rina , Khan Jabir , Tyagi Aparna 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe report a straightforward, metal-free, efficient protocol for the synthesis of 2-phenylnaphthalenes from 1-phenylethane-1,2-diols under mild conditions. In this strategy, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol is used as a solvent that stabilizes the reaction intermediate. An in situ IR experiment revealed that the reaction proceeds through the formation of phenylacetaldehyde followed by a [4+2] Diels–Alder reaction. Several control experiments were performed to gain mechanistic insights into the reaction.
Antihypertensive Medication Use before and during Pregnancy and the Risk of Severe Maternal Morbidity in Individuals with Prepregnancy Hypertension
Authors: Bane Shalmali , Wall-Wieler Elizabeth , Druzin Maurice L. , Carmichael Suzan L. 
Published: October 2022

Objective Our objective is to examine severe maternal morbidity (SMM) and patterns of antihypertensive medication use before and during pregnancy among individuals with chronic hypertension.
Study Design We examined 11,759 pregnancies resulting in a live birth or stillbirth to individuals with chronic hypertension and one or more antihypertensive prescription 6 months before pregnancy (Optum, 2007–17). We examined whether study outcomes were associated with the use of medication as compared to no use during pregnancy. In addition, patterns of medication use based on the Food and Drug Administration guidance and literature were evaluated. Medication use was divided into prepregnancy and during pregnancy use and classified as pregnancy recommended (PR) or not pregnancy recommended (nPR) or no medication use. SMM was defined per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definition of 21 indicators. Risk ratios (RR) reflecting the association of SMM with the use of antihypertensive medications were computed using modified Poisson regression with robust standard errors and adjusted for maternal age, education, and birth year.
Results Overall, 83% of individuals filled an antihypertensive prescription during pregnancy and 6.3% experienced SMM. The majority of individuals with a prescription prior to pregnancy had a prescription for the same medication in pregnancy. Individuals with any versus no medication use in pregnancy had increased adjusted RR (aRR) of SMM (1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.96–1.44). Compared to the use of PR medications before and during pregnancy, aRRs were 1.42 (95% CI: 1.18–1.69, 12.4% of sample) for nPR use before and during pregnancy, 1.52 (1.23–1.86; 12.4%) for nPR (before) and PR (during) use, and 2.67 (1.73–4.15) for PR and nPR use. Patterns with no medication use during pregnancy were not statistically significant.
Conclusion Pattern of antihypertensive medication use before and during pregnancy may be associated with an elevated risk of SMM. Further research is required to elucidate whether this association is related to the severity of hypertension, medication effectiveness, or suboptimal quality of care.
Key Points
Rumen microbial genomics: from cells to genes (and back to cells)
Authors: Popova Milka , Fakih Ibrahim , Forano Evelyne , Siegel Anne , Muñoz-Tamayo Rafael , Morgavi Diego P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The rumen harbours countless bacteria, archaea, ciliated protozoa, fungi and viruses: various microorganisms that have established multiplicity of relationships to efficiently digest complex plant fibres and polysaccharides to produce volatile fatty acids (VFAs), microbial proteins and vitamins, essentials for the host’s health, growth and performances. Recent studies using omics-based techniques have revealed that changes in rumen microbiota are associated with changes in ruminants’ production and health parameters such as feed efficiency, methane yield, milk composition and ruminal acidity. However, traditionally, rumen microbes were unveiled using anaerobic culture-based techniques, which are at the origin of most of the basic concepts and understanding of the rumen functioning. Isolating and culturing microbes is frequently more difficult and time-consuming and requires more training than molecular techniques, which explains why culture seems to be abandoned in favour of sequencing. Microbial cultures enable the study of substrate preferences and product output, essential growth requirements, biocide production and susceptibilities; obtaining a pure culture also enables genome sequencing of these strains. We propose here, after a brief report of published rumen isolates, a comprehensive review of current advances in molecular methods to identify novel rumen microbes and discuss how culturing and mathematics could enhance our understanding of rumen microbiology.
Nutritional and therapeutic significance of non-bovine milk for human health applications
Authors: Verma Mahima , Rout Pramod Kumar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Non-bovine milk(s) and their dairy products are showing a rise in market demand as they are gaining consumers’ attention. Non-bovine milk serves as an important source of nutrition and sustenance for populations in difficult climatic and geographical regions. Milk from different non-bovine species is known to have several nutritional and therapeutic values. Thus, it becomes important to study the composition and constituents of non-bovine milk(s) and their products with respect to microbial load and post-translational modifications of proteins in human health applications. The cheeses and fermented milk products produced from non-bovine milk are widely distributed across a large variety of climatic and geographical areas. Non-bovine milk proteomics is being analysed to know the role of milk proteins and peptides in metabolism, immune regulation and disease pathways for application in nutraceutical and drug development. Therapeutic proteins for human use are being produced in the “goat model” as a bio-reactor. The biological potential of milk is manifold as it is transformed into various products with specific nutritive and health-promoting values. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to review different aspects of non-bovine milk(s) in nutrition, traditional dairy product, milk proteome, bioactive peptides, microbiota and antimicrobial resistance due to intensive production for diverse applications and better economic impact in different regions.
Magnetic energy in quasistatic systems
Authors: Redinz José Arnaldo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Magnetic energy is often presented solely as an energy stored by an inductor or in a magnetic field, in contrast to electrostatic energy which is introduced through the concepts of electric interaction between point-charges. Quasistatics, with its many applications in everyday life and important pedagogical appeal, has many similarities to statics and can allow a discussion of magnetic energy in terms which reinforces the parallel between magnetostatics and electrostatics. With this goal in mind, we consider two simple examples in textbooks involving a parallel plate capacitor and a flattened solenoid, to discuss the interplay between the work of external forces, the work of the electric interaction forces between the charges and currents and the electric and magnetic energies stored in these devices.
Wet bulk micromachining characteristics of Si{110} in NaOH-based solution
Authors: Purohit S , Swarnalatha V , Pandey A K , Sharma R K , Pal P 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Silicon wet bulk micromachining is an extensively used technique in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) to fabricate variety of microstructures. It utilizes low-cost etchants and suitable for batch process that made it popular for industrial production. The etch rate and the undercutting at convex corner significantly affect the productivity. In wet anisotropic etching-based micromachining, Si{110} wafer is employed to fabricate unique shape geometries such as the microstructures with vertical sidewalls. In this research, we have investigated the etching characteristics of Si{110} in 10 M sodium hydroxide without and with addition of hydroxylamine (NH2OH). The main objective of the present work is to improve the etch rate and the undercutting at convex corners. Average surface roughness (R
a), etch depth, and undercutting length are measured using a 3D scanning laser microscope. Surface morphology of the etched Si{110} surface is examined using a scanning electron microscope. The incorporation of NH2OH significantly improves the etch rate and the corner undercutting, which are useful to enhance the productivity. Additionally, the effect of etchant age on the etch rate and other etching characteristics are investigated. The etch rate of silicon and the undercutting at convex corners decrease with etchant aging. The results presented in this paper are very useful to scientists and engineers who use silicon wet anisotropic etching to fabricate MEMS structures using bulk micromachining. Moreover, it has great potential to promote the application of wet etching in MEMS.
MNBr (M = Mo, Cr, V) monolayer: two-dimensional ferromagnetic half-metallic materials with high Curie temperature
Authors: Li Fei , Wan Wenhui , Liu Yong , Ge Yanfeng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) intrinsic magnetic materials with a high Curie temperature (T

C
) and 100% spin-polarization are highly desirable for creating spintronic devices. In this work, the electronic structure and intrinsic magnetism of MNBr (M = Mo, Cr, V) monolayers are predicted by using first-principles calculations. The results show that MNBr (M = Mo, Cr, V) monolayers with GGA + U functionals are intrinsic ferromagnetic (FM) half-metals with wide half-metallic gaps. Monte Carlo simulations based on the Heisenberg model are used to estimate the T

C
of MoNBr, CrNBr and VNBr, which are 402 K, 673 K, and 120 K, respectively. The magnetic performances are significantly modulated by strain and carrier doping. Our results show that the intrinsic half-metals with a high T

C
and controllable magnetic properties make MNBr (M = Mo, Cr, V) monolayers potential for spintronic applications.
Method for extracting the equivalent admittance from time-varying metasurfaces and its application to self-tuned spatiotemporal wave manipulation
Authors: Aminulloh Fathnan Ashif , Homma Haruki , Sugiura Shinya , Wakatsuchi Hiroki 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
With their self-tuned time-varying responses, waveform-selective metasurfaces embedded with nonlinear electronics have shown fascinating applications, including distinguishing different electromagnetic waves depending on the pulse width (PW). However, thus far they have only been realized with a spatially homogeneous scattering profile. Here, by modeling a metasurface as time-varying admittance sheets, we provide an analytical calculation method to predict the metasurface time-domain responses. This allows derivation of design specifications in the form of equivalent sheet admittance, which is useful in synthesizing a metasurface with spatiotemporal control, such as to realize a metasurface with prescribed time-dependent diffraction characteristics. As an example, based on the proposed equivalent admittance sheet modeling, we synthesize a waveform-selective Fresnel zone plate with variable focal length depending on the incoming PW. The proposed synthesis method for PW-dependent metasurfaces may be extended to designing metasurfaces with more complex spatiotemporal wave manipulation, benefiting applications such as sensing, wireless communications and signal processing.
Impact of deposition temperature on crystalline quality, oxygen vacancy, defect modulations and hetero-interfacial properties of RF sputtered deposited Ga2O3 thin films on Si substrate
Authors: Saha Rajib , Bhowmick Sangita , Mishra Madhuri , Sengupta Ankita , Chattopadhyay Sanatan , Chakrabarti Subhananda 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In the current work, thin film (∼55 nm) of n-type Ga2O3 (n-Ga2O3) is deposited on silicon (p-Si) substrate by using radio-frequency (RF) sputtering technique with systematic substrate temperature variations (room temperature to 700 °C). The structural, optical properties and chemical states of elements of the deposited films are observed to depend significantly on the deposition temperatures. The chemical composition and oxidation states, optical properties, defect states and structural quality of the deposited films are investigated in detail by employing x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy dispersive x-ray, spectroscopic ellipsometry, Raman, photoluminescence and atomic force microscopy images. X-ray diffraction result reveals a polycrystalline nature of monoclinic β-phase of Ga2O3 with (403) dominant plane. The work functions are calculated from the ultraviolet photo-electron spectroscopy for all the deposited films and Ga2O3/Si heterojunction properties are investigated by using current–voltage (I–V) and capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurements. Among all the fabricated heterojunctions, 600 °C deposited Ga2O3 film exhibits superior performance in terms of energy bandgap, work function, refractive index, barrier height, rectification ratio and effective carrier concentrations. The current transport mechanism is analysed using the appropriate energy band diagram of Ga2O3 and Si. Therefore, the study suggests that 600 °C deposition temperatures is the optimum temperature for developing a high quality Ga2O3 thin film on Si by using RF sputtering technique and corresponding Ga2O3 thin film/Si heterojunction can be a potential candidate for developing several electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Localization of light in 2D photonic Moiré superlattices
Authors: Yang He , Zhai Jianing , Huo Shuang , Wang Zhan , Chen Deli , Sun Xiaohong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this paper, monolayer photonic Moiré superlattices (PMSs) are constructed by superposing two periodic sublattices with square primitive cells and tunable twist angles. The sublattices are designed by interfering four umbrella-like beams. Light localization properties and physical flat-band effects of PMSs are studied by solving the Schrödinger equation in the periodic potentials. We have investigated the influence of interference angle and twist angle of sublattices on the localization of light and physical flat bands, and demonstrated that PMSs have physical flat bands and strong light localization properties when the twist angle is less than 5°, while the interference angle does not affect the flat-bands and localization properties. Our work provides a new research idea for manipulating spatial light fields and processing light information.
Affecting the structure of skyrmions using ferromagnetic nanodisks with inhomogeneous properties: switching skyrmion helicity and polarity
Authors: Silva R L , Silva R C , Pereira A R 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The topological stability of skyrmions is an important element for using these objects in new technologies such as skyrmionics, spintronics, and so on. Indeed, this kind of stability keeps a skyrmion’s structure as unbending, shielding the information that, by chance, it could carry. On the other hand, a controlled manipulation of skyrmion configuration could be an extra ingredient for technological applications. It is not an easy task and, particularly, the control of skyrmion polarity and chirality (for Bloch-type) and helicity (for Néel-type) may be important in this direction. Here, we investigate the skyrmion oscillatory motion in a hybrid nanodisk by using atomistic spin dynamics simulations. If a skyrmion is made to oscillate in a disk formed by two different materials with opposite Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interactions (

D

1

=
−

D

2

), then its helicity experiences an inversion. Nonetheless, if the skyrmion oscillations occur in a homogeneous disk submitted to opposite magnetic fields in distinct regions (for instance, semi-disks 1 and 2), the skyrmion polarity and helicity suffer an inversion. Such skyrmionic-oscillators could provide a dynamical degree of freedom, yielding new functionalities to skyrmion-based logic devices.
Prediction for high superconducting ternary hydrides below megabar pressure
Authors: Sun Yao , Sun Shuai , Zhong Xin , Liu Hanyu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The recent findings of high-temperature hydrides ushered a new era of superconductivity research under high pressure. However, the stable pressure for these remarkable hydrides remains extremely high. In this work, we performed the extensive simulations on a series of hydrides with the prototype structure of UH8 and UH7. Our results indicate several compounds possess superconducting critical temperature (T
c) above liquid nitrogen temperature below 100 GPa, such as CeBeH8 and ThBeH8 that are dynamical stable with a T
c of 201 K at 30 GPa and a T
c of 98 K at 10 GPa, respectively. Further formation enthalpy calculations suggest that thermodynamical stable pressure of CeBeH8 and ThBeH8 compounds is above 50 GPa and 88 GPa with respect to binary compounds and solid elements. Moreover, we also found that ThBeH7 could be dynamically stable down to 20 GPa with a T
c of 70 K. Our further simulations suggested this newly predicted ThBeH7 is thermodynamically stable above pressure of 33 GPa with respect to binary compounds and solid elements. The present results shed light on future design and discovery of high-temperature superconductor at moderate pressure.
Topological magnons in the honeycomb-kagome lattice
Authors: Li Kangkang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Materials with magnon Hall effect have potential applications in the field of spintronics and magnonics. The experimental observations of the magnon Hall effect in three-dimensional pyrochlore ferromagnets and two-dimensional kagome ferromagnets inspired the search for topological magnons in various lattice structures. The honeycomb-kagome (HK) lattice (also known as the edge-centered honeycomb lattice) can be seen as the combination of the honeycomb and kagome lattices. Hence, the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya (DM) interaction is allowed and topological magnons are expected in the HK lattice, as the cases in the honeycomb and the kagome lattices alone. Here, we study the topological magnons in the HK lattice by calculating its band structure, Chern number, edge states and thermal Hall conductivity. It is shown that there are rich topological phases and phase transitions with the tuning of the model parameters. The finite thermal Hall conductivity induced by the DM interaction also has interesting behaviors, which are related to the topological phase transitions.