bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective observational study on the epidemiological profile of people living with HIV/AIDS in Pernambuco state, Brazil
Authors: Duarte Coêlho Maria Rosângela Cunha , Rocha Lopes Thaísa Regina , Prado Gonçales Juliana , Araujo Bezerra Luan , Lopes Ribeiro Mirela , Mendes de Oliveira Cahú Georgea Gertrudes , Silva Júnior José Valter Joaquim 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: HIV/AIDS is a major global public health concern. In Pernambuco state, Brazil, the number of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) is among the highest in the country. Herein, a cross-sectional retrospective observational study was carried out with 811 PLWHA followed up at the Clinical Hospital, Pernambuco, Brazil, between 2013 and 2017.
Methodology: The patients’ sociodemographic and behavioral data were obtained by interview. Information about HIV load and CD4 T lymphocyte count were obtained from patients’ records. Data were analyzed for both the total number of PLWHA and gender.
Results: Recife municipality had the highest number of PLWHA. Most PLWHA were 40-44 years old, male, brown ethnicity, heterosexual, single, with elementary education, used condoms regularly, shared sharp objects, had surgery, had no non-HIV sexual infection, did not receive transfusions, did not use injectable drugs, and had no tattoo. The median of first and last CD4 T lymphocyte counts were 241 and 549.5 cells/mm³, respectively. The first HIV load had a median of 14,882 copies/mL (IQR = 613-109,750 copies/mL). Regarding the last viral load, 63.74% had an undetectable load. All patients were using antiretroviral therapy, mean time of 5.9 (± 5.5) years. This epidemiological and medical profile was maintained when PLWHA were analyzed according to gender, except for the report of another sexually transmitted infection, in which 51.4% of men (268/521) reported having/or having had it.
Conclusions: The epidemiological profile of PLWHA in Pernambuco, Brazil, was described. This regional characterization is useful for directing public health policies, contributing to population-directed decision making.
Minor actinides transmutation in pressurized water reactors. 1. Multiple recycling of minor actinides on the example of one VVER reactor
Authors: Kazansky Yury A. , Karpovich Gleb W. 
Published: March 2022

This article explores the possibilities and conditions of combustion in a pressurized water reactor of its own accumulated minor actinides (MA). The simplest computational model is used: an infinitely extended medium with the distribution and composition of all materials of the fuel assembly of the reactor core, similar to VVER-1200, with uranium dioxide having an initial 235U enrichment of 4.95%. The burnup model is presented in the form of iterations, each of which simulates a fuel campaign lasting 4 years without refueling. At the start of the cycle, special fuel rods are loaded with minor actinides extracted from the reprocessed SNF of the VVER-1200 reactor. After the end of the fuel campaign, all the MAs are removed from the SNF and used in a new iteration.
As a result of calculations, it was found that the MA mass in the cycle after 3–7 iterations (depending on the number of fuel elements allocated for the placement and accumulation of MAs) tends to an equilibrium state (regardless of the MAs added every 4 years). In other words, the fuel rods allocated for loading MAs play the role of a kind of furnace, into which, in each iteration, MAs from the previous iteration accumulated in the given reactor are loaded. After several iterations, the burned MA mass converted into fission products is compared with the incoming one. The inclusion of MAs in this way into the fuel cycle converts at least 86% of MAs into fission products without affecting the power generation of the nuclear power plant. It is important that MAs are temporarily unloaded from the reactor after the next iteration in order to remove fission products and to add a new portion of MAs. After stopping the reactor operation, about 16% of the total amount of MAs generated for the entire history of the reactor’s life is discharged into the storage facility. The initial fuel composition in the fuel rods allocated for loading MAs differs from the others only in the amount of MAs and the mass of 238U. The simplified computational model used in this work (without annual overloads of the reactor) influenced the burnup depth and, naturally, the duration of operation, i.e., the k∞ value becomes less than 1 after 1056 days instead of the actual 1460 days with annual fuel overloads. This affected the average fuel composition and, consequently, the neutron spectrum, and could affect the main result of the work, i.e., the number of burned-out MAs in different iterations. Additional calculations, taking into account the annual overloads of the reactor, showed that the change in the spectral composition had little effect on the amount of MAs at the end of the fuel campaign (within 2%). It turned out that the replacement of 238U with minor actinides in fuel rods, the number of which is less than 10, leads to a loss of reactivity. When the number of fuel rods for loading MAs is more than 10, the reactivity increases, giving hope for burning up MAs accumulated in several reactors.
Numérique et innovation contrainte par une mise en contention
Authors: SCHOTT Annick 
Published: March 2022

Les architectures numériques excluent certains socio-professionnels (en particulier les plus engagés psycho affectivement). Elles renvoient en effet à des codages en continu d’opérations plus ou moins complexes. Ainsi, elles ne tiennent pas toujours compte des encodages de différents corps socio-professionnels les obligeant dans certains cas à se percevoir en mal de corporéité, en mal de connivence avec d’autres, en mal d’intercorporéité, en mal d’intersubjectivité (Merleau-Ponty, 1945/2009). Leur sont aussi assignés des étiquettes de « réticents » ; en conséquence leur univers est clos.Trois approches préfigurent notre réflexion, celle concernant la perception et la représentation, celle au sujet de leur mises en perceptive, et celle portant sur la Machinerie comme partenaire pas si crédible que cela.Nous allons également parcourir comment l'engagement des dirigeants de la PME étudiée s’est rétréci dans la manière dont ils ne cultivent plus -assez ou pas du tout- les façons de faire autrement de leurs partenaires internes.
L’affaire Cambridge Analytica sur Twitter : résignation ou résistance face à la surveillance numérique ?
Authors: Calabrese Laura , Lagos Camila Pérez 
Published: March 2022

Le présent article a pour but d’explorer le retentissement du scandale Cambridge Analytica dans la twittosphère francophone. L’hypothèse qui a guidé l’analyse est que les usagers ont manifesté peu de surprise face à la collecte massive de données réalisée via la plateforme Facebook. La routinisation des polémiques liées aux scandales aurait comme conséquence une acceptation résignée de la situation et une non-remise en question de la gouvernance d’Internet telle qu’elle se présente actuellement. Dans le but de prouver cette hypothèse, un corpus exhaustif de tweets écrits en français a été analysé pour observer le positionnement discursif des énonciateurs. L’analyse du corpus montre une dénonciation importante de l’affaire, avec deux postures majoritaires : l’acceptation résignée et la dénonciation plus ou moins active du scandale. Si la première posture est fondée sur le sentiment que la gouvernance d’Internet (GI) est non modifiable, la seconde s’appuie au contraire sur une indignation qui pousse les internautes à espérer des changements, voire à les provoquer eux-mêmes. Dans ce cas, la gouvernance d’Internet telle qu’elle existe maintenant est remise en question, même si les internautes pointent notamment la responsabilité des entreprises du Web et ne parlent quasiment pas de celle des internautes et de l’État.
A Young Clinician's Perspective on Deprescribing in Elderly Patients
Authors: Aggarwal Vivek , Shankar S. , Suryakant  , Manrai Manish , Vasdev Vivek , Singhal Anuj , Yadav A. K. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Young doctors have various barriers and hesitations towards de-prescribing. This study was planned to assess Young Clinician's perspective on deprescribing in elderly population from India.

Methodology:
Observation cross-sectional study done in a tertiary care hospital of Western Maharashtra. A web link consisting of 12 survey questions was shared on smart phones of postgraduates working in clinical specialties. Attitudes, knowledge, barriers and approach towards deprescribing were assessed.

Results:
Out of 64 doctors 30 doctors responded and completed the survey. Mean age was 32.6 years. Most common cause for deprescribing was to reduce the adverse drug reactions (76.33%), lack of definite indication (63.33%). Most common drug to be de-prescribed were multivitamins (70.66%), benzodiazepines (46.66%) and antiplatelets (43.33%). The most common barrier for de-prescribing was altering the prescription of another doctor (56.66%), lack of time and concerns on the adverse effect (36.66%). Ninety percent of the doctors were not aware of any deprescribing criteria and 70% did not have any specific approach.

Conclusion:
Deprescribing of drugs is a very important concept, which needs to be included in training the undergraduate medical students, postgraduate medical students and Pharmacy students.
Síndrome de Mauriac: reporte de caso en un centro de tercer nivel
Authors: Sol Eduardo Alejandro Galeazzi , Gutiérrez Eduardo Augusto Ordoñez , Martínez María Fernanda Acosta , Zaragoza-Arévalo Gerardo Ramón 
Published: March 2022

introducción: el síndrome de mauriac se caracteriza por glucogenosis hepática, hepatomegalia, hipertransaminasemia, hiperlipidemia mixta, falla del crecimiento y retraso puberal. presentación de caso: adolescente femenino de 15 años de edad con diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 1 a los 6 años, falta de apego en el tratamiento con insulinas de acción rápida y prolongada. presenta hipertransaminasemia, hiperglucemia en ayunas, hepatomegalia y talla por debajo del carril familiar. discusión: el síndrome de mauriac es la principal complicación hepática de la diabetes mellitus tipo 1. el manejo temprano del síndrome evita la falla en el crecimiento y el retraso puberal.
Gestión local municipal, en tiempos de pandemia del COVID-19
Authors: Pilco Villagra María Del Carmen , Rivas Alarcón Darwin 
Published: March 2022

Objetivo: Revisar la gestión local municipal considerando la influencia de sello municipal en la mejora de la gestión pública de los gobiernos locales distritales. Material y métodos: Método inductivo, deductivo, análisis cualitativo para revisar la gestión municipal. La revisión se desarrolló en el cuarto trimestre del 2021. Resultados: las autoridades locales que desconocen de gestión pública debe tener en cuenta: gestión institucional, gestión presupuestal, gestión operativa y gestión municipal; todas estas deben estar alineadas a la atención social, económica, política y del medio ambiente; deben converger y traducirse en la adecuada atención de la prestación de los servicios públicos, debiendo tener en cuenta que la población evalúa la gestión municipal. Conclusiones: Autoridades locales que desconocen de gestión pública y no proyectan la sostenibilidad de acciones que van a mejorar los servicios que se entrega a las personas, con una lenta contribución de la mejora de calidad de vida; por lo cual, es importante la articulación con los niveles de gobierno a nivel provincial y distrital; con autoridades locales y equipo municipal en asocio con los sectores del estado peruano a nivel local; contribuyan a la mejora de los servicios públicos dirigidos a la ciudadanía; es necesario continuar con la promoción y fortalecimiento de los espacios de articulación.
A contribuição de Vygotsky na educação especial
Authors: Leite Madson Márcio de Farias 
Published: March 2022

Resumo: Esta pesquisa surgiu da necessidade de investigar alguns aspectos da teoria de Vygotsky no que se refere a inclusão. Tendo como objetivo averiguar qual a contribuição de Vygotsky na educação especial, proporcionando aos sujeitos um desenvolvimento e aprendizagem através da interação com outros seres, enfatizando suas contribuições para a inclusão de crianças com necessidades especiais, no tocante a qualquer espaço a qual esses sujeitos venham participar. A inclusão é um processo essencial na vida das crianças com deficiência intelectual/síndrome de down, uma vez que é através da inclusão que essas crianças podem de fato conquistar sua cidadania, independência e autonomia. A metodologia utilizada na realização desta pesquisa foi a bibliográfica, onde se buscou através de algumas obras de Vygotsky, sintetizar quais as contribuições no tocante a educação especial no que se refere ao processo de aprendizagem, e outros trabalhos científicos que tratassem da referida temática da educação especial voltada a aprendizagem dos sujeitos com deficiência. Através da coleta de toda bibliografia pesquisada foi possível perceber que o processo de inclusão de pessoas com deficiência intelectual/síndrome de down passa a ser possível através das oportunidades e percepção de cada ambiente, no que se refere a visibilidade e percepção daqueles que foram acometidos por essa síndrome, levando assim ao avanço por parte daqueles que tem o entendimento que o processo de inclusão é algo possível de ser alcançado, e também podendo ocorrer o retrocesso por parte daqueles que ainda não obteve o conhecimento e entendimento de que todos aqueles com deficiência no caso a deficiência intelectual/síndrome de down são passiveis de obterem qualquer conhecimento ofertado a todos os outros sem a deficiência. A leitura e discussão dos descritos de Vygotsky embasado na teoria sócio histórica demonstra a contribuição do teórico no entendimento do processo de inclusão de crianças com deficiências nos vários contextos sociais. Diante do exposto, esta pesquisa concluiu que o contado da criança com deficiência com outros sujeitos, pode proporcionar aos mesmos um melhor nível de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento. No entanto, o ambiente social a qual esses sujeitos venham pertencer torna-se fundamental no processo de desenvolvimento dos mesmos.

Palavras- chave: Inclusão. Desenvolvimento. Síndrome de Down. Vygotsky.
The three pillars of sustainability in education: the sistemic approach of social responsibility
Authors: MOLINA JAIRO EDUARDO , Peña Armando , Hurtado Edinson 
Published: March 2022

Sustainability should be a cross-cutting theme within the curriculum as a set of essentially attitudinal teaching contents that should become part of the activities proposed in all educational areas. Their incorporation means formalizing an education in values and attitudes not sporadically but constantly throughout each course. However, it is also a poorly understood term that needs to be correctly identified to carry out more effective actions within an educational institution. A topic is transversal if it is important for development and needs, for its success, many teachers from different areas to be involved in it. Therefore, the Universidad del Atlántico in Barranquilla, Colombia is committed to this multidisciplinary project. Three students from 15 classrooms from 3 different careers have been taken to carry out this educational project. This is an analytical observational study of qualitative nature, where the researchers simply attempt to systematically describe the characteristics of categories, and phenomena, then compare constructs and postulates generated from phenomena observed in research context, as well as to discover causal relationships, but avoid assuming a priori constructs or relationships. The general conclusion of the study is that there is a need to broaden the horizons of this study to a much wider population and not only to the educational sector.
FARMERS’ PREFERENCE FOR RICE TRAITS: INSIGHTS FROM FARM SURVEYS IN BUSIA COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Danda Kengo , Kimani John , Ho Kang Kyung 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: A cross-sectional survey was designed to study farmers’ preferences for rice varieties in Busia County, Kenya.
Methodology: The survey used a multi-stage sampling technique for site selection and a purposive strategy for rice growers/producers. Data was collected from key rice value chain stakeholders including farmers, extension service providers, local leaders and hoteliers using focus group discussions by use of guiding checklists and a structured questionnaire. A total of 26 key informants and 62 individual respondents in the categories mentioned were interviewed. Descriptive analysis was done along with cross-tabulations to establish associations.
Findings: Results indicated that rice was a significantly important farm enterprise among the respondents with a higher land allocation of 2.04 acres followed by maize with 1.14 acres. Seed sources were mainly traditional with fellow farmers being instrumental in seed sharing at cost (59.7% buying form other farmers) followed by free issues (19.4% getting free from other farmers). Research as a seed source lagged at 8.1%. Variety choice was said to be dictated by high yield, early maturity and one thousand seed weight by 80.6%, 77.4% and 40.3% respectively. These attributes were also ranked as first, second and third positions respectively. Rice production followed traditional patterns as 60% of producers/farmers depended on a farmer-to-farmer seed system over all the production periods. There also lacked structures and efforts to upscale rice production and therefore this paper recommends formulation and direction of concerted efforts towards on-farm participatory research and formation of social networks for rice production and marketing information
Contribution to theory, practice and policy: The results give impetus to conclude that farmers know which traits are of priority in variety selection. Going by farmers’ perceptions simply means responding to consumer demand for quality in rice production. The study also demonstrated enormous potential for rice production as demonstrated by the will of the farmers to allocate 45% of their land parcels to rice production. It also brought out that the fact that certified rice seeds are rarely used and therefore, there is urgent need to establish seed systems and distribution pathways in order to improve on yields as well as quality of paddy hence more income to farmers and other rice value chain players. The concepts of field demonstrations and on-farm participatory research need to be up-scaling for enhanced transformation of rice production landscape in the region.
EFFECT OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF SMALL TIERED DEPOSIT TAKING SAVINGS AND CREDIT COOPERATIVES SOCIETIES IN NAIROBI COUNTY
Authors: Maina John , Jagongo Ambrose 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: The study is focused to determine the effects of capital structure on financial performance of small tiered deposit taking savings and credit cooperatives societies (DTS) in Nairobi County.
Methodology used: systematic review research design. It involved the evaluation of relevant studies that address the dependent and independent variables using specific criteria.
Major findings and conclusions: The reviewed studies indicated that a conceptual framework gap exists. Empirical literature does not offer conclusive results on the nature of relationship between capital structure and financial performance. In addition, the studies were conducted for other prior periods and in other markets presenting a contextual gap.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study used the pecking order theory to put forth the preference of external funds (debt) over internal funds (equity), in making capital structure decisions, in addition to the trade-off theory, which indicated to mutual exclusivity of debt and equity financing decisions. The study will be beneficial to deposit taking SACCOs in Kenya to adopt capital structure strategies to sustain consistent superior financial performance. The models developed from this study will aid the regulatory institutions that regulate DTS in Kenya to develop policies on Capital structure. The study will add new knowledge on capital structure and financial performance of DTS
The Failure Protection of Wireless-Based IIoT Technology for Fluid Level Control Systems
Authors: Sangsuwan Thaksin , Thong-un Natee , Pudchuen Noppadol , Runglin Kankrit , Wongsaroj Wongsakorn 
Published: March 2022

A novel protection mechanism was proposed for failure of a wireless-based IIoT system to control water level. Control via wireless communication can be executed safely using designed protection. A secondary path as a mesh network was automatically enabled to occur if the main MQTT network protocol failed. System backups were no longer required, with increased reliability of the wireless control network and low risk of failure. Performance control via the developed IIoT was demonstrated. Ability of the protection system to combat network failure was confirmed experimentally.
Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Salvia stepposa Extracts Isolated using Microwave Extraction, Growing Wild in Kazakhstan
Authors: Konstantinovna Levaya Yana , Erkenuly Zholdasbaev Musa , Abdulkhakimovna Atazhanova Gayane , Boltabaevna Akhmetova Saule 
Published: March 2022

The studies on antibacterial activity of 16 samples of Salvia stepposa (steppe sage) ethanolic extracts, an indigenous plant of Central Kazakhstan, against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) were assayed. Leaves and flowers of Salvia stepposa were extracted by ethanol 30, 40, 70 and 90 % using conventional and microwave extraction. Antibacterial screening performed by disc-diffusion method was conducted, the concentration of all extracts was 100 mg/mL. The results revealed that the highest activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis have leaves and flowers extract of steppe sage in all solvents except 70 % microwave leaf extract. The only extract that showed antibacterial activity against all strains of microorganisms used is 40 % microwave leaf extract of steppe sage with growth inhibition zones for Staphylococcus aureus 23.5 0.65 mm, for Bacillus subtilis 38 1.3 mm, for Escherichia coli 16.5 1.72 mm, for Candida albicans 16 2.6 mm, respectively. Was found that 70 % of leaf extract of the steppe sage obtained under microwave irradiation has the lowest activity. The MIC values for tested extracts were evaluated too.
HIGHLIGHTS

Salvia stepposa is a widespread plant on the territory of Kazakhstan the properties of which still remain unexplored
Antibacterial activity and MIC of 16 examples obtained different methods was evaluated
MAE is an interesting alternative to CE of extracting plant raw materials, which can reduce extraction time and energy consumption