bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Navigating the trade‐offs between environmental DNA and conventional field surveys for improved amphibian monitoring
Authors: Moss Wynne E. , Harper Lynsey R. , Davis Mark A. , Goldberg Caren S. , Smith Matthew M. , Johnson Pieter T. J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe need for efficient, accurate biodiversity monitoring is growing, especially for globally imperiled taxa, such as amphibians. Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis holds enormous potential for enhancing monitoring programs, but as this tool is increasingly adopted, it is imperative for users to understand its potential benefits and shortcomings. We conducted a comparative study to evaluate the efficacy of two eDNA methodologies (quantitative (q)PCR and metabarcoding) and conventional field sampling approaches (seining, dipnetting, and visual encounter surveys) in a system of 20 ponds containing six different amphibian species. Using an occupancy modeling framework, we estimated differences in detection sensitivity across methods, with a focus on how eDNA survey design could be further optimized. Overall, both metabarcoding and qPCR were competitive with or improved upon conventional methods. Specifically, qPCR (species‐specific approach) was the most effective technique for detecting two rare species, the California tiger salamander (Ambystoma californiense) and California red‐legged frog (Rana draytonii), with a detection probability of >0.80 per survey. Metabarcoding (community approach) estimated amphibian diversity with comparable rates to field techniques on average, and detected an additional 41 vertebrate taxa. However, for two abundant species (western toads, Anaxyrus boreas, and Pacific chorus frogs, Pseudacris regilla), field techniques outperformed metabarcoding, especially as individuals metamorphosed. Our results indicate that eDNA approaches would be most effective when paired with visual encounter surveys to detect terrestrial life stages, and that more optimization, specifically primer choice and validation, is needed. By comparing methods across a diverse set of ponds and species, we provide guidance for future studies integrating eDNA approaches into amphibian monitoring.
Multiport converter integrating automatic current balancing interleaved PWM converter and DAB converter with improved transformer utilization for electric vehicles
Authors: Sato Motoki , Uno Masatoshi , Tada Yoshiya 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMultiport converters (MPCs) that integrate multiple converters into a single unit have been proposed to reduce the converter count in electric vehicle power systems where multiple batteries are employed. However, conventional MPCs comprising a dual active bridge (DAB) converter and an interleaved PWM converter require feedback control loops and current sensors to balance the inductor currents. Furthermore, the transformer utilization decreases as the duty cycle of the interleaved PWM converter drifts away from 0.5. This paper proposes a novel MPC that integrates a DAB converter and an interleaved PWM converter with an automatic current balancing capability and improved transformer utilization. A 1‐kW prototype with a half‐bridge or full‐bridge circuit on the high‐voltage side was built for the experimental verification, and loss analysis was performed. The results demonstrated the automatic current balancing capability, improved transformer utilization, and flexible power exchange among three ports.
Intriguing Second‐Order NLO Switches Based on New DTE Compounds
Authors: Boixel Julien , Colombo Alessia , Fagnani Francesco , Matozzo Paola , Dragonetti Claudia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTwo new photochromic compounds bearing a dithienylethene unit have been designed, synthesized, and well characterized. The first contains a platinum dialkynyl moiety whereas the second bears a simple phenyl‐dimethylamino fragment. Both compounds have demonstrated an excellent photochromic behavior. This efficient photochromism is the springboard for a significant photomodulation of the second‐order nonlinear optical properties, determined in dichloromethane solution by means of the Electric Field Induced Second Harmonic generation technique. The results are of interest for the design of reversible NLO switches as a tool for emerging photonic technologies.
A Concise and Safe Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Propanetriamine (PTA)
Authors: Travagin Fabio , Giovenzana Giovanni B. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract1,2,3‐Propanetriamine (PTA) is the simplest aliphatic vicinal triamine, a key compound in coordination chemistry and for the preparation of polymers and for many other important applications. Despite its simple structure and its sesquicentennial history, the preparations of PTA have always been elaborate, hazardous, and low yielding. In this article a concise, safe and inexpensive synthesis of PTA is presented. PTA is prepared by a nitro‐Mannich reaction between dibenzylamine, nitromethane and paraformaldehyde, followed by a catalytic reduction‐debenzylation with Pearlman's catalyst leading to the desired triamine in 73 % yield over two steps. The procedure is amenable for larger‐scale preparations.
N‐Alkylation of α‐Amino Esters and Amides through Hydrogen Borrowing
Authors: Coomber Charlotte E. , Diorazio Louis J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe iridium catalysed N‐alkylation of α‐amino esters and amides using alcohols through hydrogen borrowing has been developed. The protocol can be applied to both the free base and hydrochloride salts of the amines and produces water as the only by‐product. This transformation can provide easy access to chiral N‐alkyl amines from readily available starting materials in a simple one step reaction.
Moisture contents and product quality prediction of Pu‐erh tea in sun‐drying process with image information and environmental parameters
Authors: Chen Cheng , Zhang Wuyi , Shan Zhiguo , Zhang Chunhua , Dong Tianwu , Feng Zhouqiang , Wang Chengkang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this study, moisture contents and product quality of Pu‐erh tea were predicted with deep learning‐based methods. Images were captured continuously in the sun‐drying process. Environmental parameters (EP) of air humidity, air temperature, global radiation, wind speed, and ultraviolet radiation were collected with a portable meteorological station. Sensory scores of aroma, flavor, liquor color, residue, and total scores were given by a trained panel. Convolutional neural network (CNN) and gated recurrent unit (GRU) models were constructed based on image information and EP, which were selected in advance using the neighborhood component analysis (NCA) algorithm. The evolved models based on deep‐learning methods achieved satisfactory results, with RMSE of 0.4332, 0.2669, 0.7508 (also with R2 of .9997, .9882, .9986, with RPD of 53.5894, 13.1646, 26.3513) for moisture contents prediction in each batch of tea, tea at different sampling periods, the overall samples, respectively; and with RMSE of 0.291, 0.2815, 0.162, 0.1574, 0.3931 (also with R2 of .9688, .9772, .9752, .9741, .8906, with RPD of 5.6073, 6.5912, 6.352, 6.1428, 4.0045) for final quality prediction of aroma, flavor, liquor color, residue, total score, respectively. By analyzing and comparing the RMSE values, the most significant environmental parameters (EP) were selected. The proposed combinations of different EP can also provide a valuable reference in the development of a new sun‐drying system.
Genome‐wide association study of multiethnic nonsyndromic orofacial cleft families identifies novel loci specific to family and phenotypic subtypes
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Nandita , Feingold Eleanor , Moreno‐Uribe Lina , Wehby George , Valencia‐Ramirez Luz Consuelo , Restrepo Muñeton Claudia P. , Padilla Carmencita , Deleyiannis Frederic , Christensen Kaare , Poletta Fernando A. , Orioli Ieda M. , Hecht Jacqueline T. , Buxó Carmen J. , Butali Azeez , Adeyemo Wasiu L. , Vieira Alexandre R. , Shaffer John R. , Murray Jeffrey C. , Weinberg Seth M. , Leslie Elizabeth J. , Marazita Mary L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNonsyndromic orofacial clefts (OFCs) are among the most common craniofacial birth defects worldwide, and known to exhibit phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. Cleft lip plus cleft palate (CLP) and cleft lip only (CL) are commonly combined together as one phenotype (CL/P), separately from cleft palate alone. In comparison, our study analyzes CL and CLP separately. A sample of 2218 CL and CLP cases, 4537 unaffected relatives of cases, and 2673 pure controls with no family history of OFC were selected from the Pittsburgh Orofacial Cleft (Pitt‐OFC) multiethnic study.genome‐wide association studies were run for seven specific phenotypes created based on the cleft type(s) observed within these families, as well as the combined CL/P phenotype. Five novel genome‐wide significant associations, 3q29 (rs62284390), 5p13.2 (rs609659), 7q22.1 (rs6465810), 19p13.3 (rs628271), and 20q13.33 (rs2427238), and nine associations (p ≤ 1.0E−05) within previously confirmed OFC loci—PAX7, IRF6, FAM49A, DCAF4L2, 8q24.21, ARID3B, NTN1, TANC2 and the WNT9B:WNT3 gene cluster—were observed. We also found that single nucleotide polymorphisms within a subset of the associated loci, both previously known and novel, differ substantially in terms of their effects across cleft‐ or family‐specific phenotypes, indicating not only etiologic differences between CL and CLP, but also genetic heterogeneity within each of the two OFC subtypes.
The role of microglia in Alzheimer's disease and progress of treatment
Authors: Guan Yi‐Huan , Zhang Ling‐Jing , Wang Shi‐Ya , Deng Ya‐Dan , Zhou Hong‐Su , Chen Dong‐Qing , Zhang Lan‐Chun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMicroglia are permanent immune cells of the central nervous system. Microglia play an important role in the pathological process of Alzheimer's disease (AD). They are mainly involved in the uptake and clearance of amyloid‐β (Aβ), as well as the formation of neuroinflammation. We found that overactivated microglia increase Aβ and Tau, and Aβ and Tau in turn act as activators of microglia. Additionally, various cytokines and proteins, high cholesterol, and telomere shortening are all associated with microglia activation. More activated microglia induce the release of inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory factors to regulate inflammation, while microglia express multiple homologous receptors that bind to neuroimmunomodulators to prevent microglia overactivation. Moreover, aging of the body promotes neuroinflammation by increasing the response to IFN‐γ (interferon‐γ), and aging of the microglia themselves promotes AD by inducing the accumulation of large amounts of iron and reducing autophagy by regulating protein levels. Cognitive dysfunction occurs when activated microglia induce an increase in beta oligomers, promoting the production of pro‐inflammatory factors that alter the shape, composition, and density of synapses. Based on their correlation, microglia‐mediated AD therapy as well as the corresponding targets and drugs are discussed. In contrast to similar reviews, this article also summarizes some novel microglia‐mediated AD treatment methods over the recent years.
Unraveling the reaction mechanisms of electrode materials for sodium‐ion and potassium‐ion batteries by in situ transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Wang Hong , Liu Fang , Yu Ruohan , Wu Jinsong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSodium ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium ion batteries (PIBs) have caught numerous attention due to the low cost and abundant availability of sodium and potassium. However, their power density, cycling stability and safety need further improvement for practical applications. Investigations on the reaction mechanisms and structural degradation when cycling are of great importance. In situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is one of the most significant techniques to understand and monitor electrochemical processes at an atomic scale with real‐time imaging. In this review, the current progress in unraveling reaction mechanisms of electrode materials for SIBs and PIBs via in situ TEM is summarized. First, the importance of in situ TEM is highlighted. Then, based on the three types of electrochemical reaction, i.e., intercalation reaction, conversion reaction and alloying reaction, the structural evolution and reaction kinetics at atomic resolution, and their relation to the electrochemical performance of electrode materials are reviewed and described in detail. Finally, future directions of in situ TEM for SIBs and PIBs are proposed. Therefore, the in‐depth understanding revealed by in situ TEM will give an instructive guide in rational design of electrode materials for high performance electrode materials of SIBs and PIBs.
Modest agreement between magnetic resonance and pathological tumor regression after neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer in the real world
Authors: Achilli Pietro , Magistro Carmelo , Abd El Aziz Mohamed A. , Calini Giacomo , Bertoglio Camillo L. , Ferrari Giovanni , Mari Giulio , Maggioni Dario , Peros Georgios , Tamburello Sara , Coppola Elisabetta , Spinelli Antonino , Grass Fabian , Martin David , Hahnloser Dieter , Salvatori Andrea , De Simoni Silvia , Sheedy Shannon P. , Fletcher Joel G. , Larson David W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is routinely used for preoperative tumor staging and to assess response to therapy in rectal cancer patients. The aim of our study was to evaluate the accuracy of MRI based restaging after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in predicting pathologic response. This multicenter cohort study included adult patients with histologically confirmed locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma treated with neoadjuvant CRT followed by curative intent elective surgery between January 2014 and December 2019 at four academic high‐volume institutions. Magnetic resonance tumor regression grade (mrTRG) and pathologic tumor regression grade (pTRG) were reviewed and compared for all the patients. The agreement between radiologist and pathologist was assessed with the weighted k test. Risk factors for poor agreement were investigated using logistic regression. A total of 309 patients were included. Modest agreement was found between mrTRG and pTRG when regression was classified according to standard five‐tier systems (k = 0.386). When only two categories were considered for each regression system, (pTRG 0‐3 vs pTRG 4; mrTRG 2‐5 vs mrTRG 1) an accuracy of 78% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.73‐0.83) was found between radiologic and pathologic assessment with a k value of 0.185. The logistic regression model revealed that “T3 greater than 5 mm extent” was the only variable significantly impacting on disagreement (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.15‐0.68, P = .0034). Modest agreement exists between mrTRG and pTRG. The chances of appropriate assessment of the regression grade after neoadjuvant CRT appear to be higher in case of a T3 tumor with at least 5 mm extension in the mesorectal fat at the pretreatment MRI.
Hemoglobin–albumin clusters as an artificial O2 carrier: Physicochemical properties and resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock in rats
Authors: Okamoto Wataru , Hasegawa Mai , Usui Tomone , Kashima Tomonori , Sakata Sho , Hamano Tatsuhiko , Onozawa Hiroto , Hashimoto Ryo , Iwazaki Masayuki , Kohno Mitsutomo , Komatsu Teruyuki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA bovine hemoglobin (HbBv) or human adult hemoglobin (HbA) wrapped covalently by human serum albumins (HSAs), hemoglobin–albumin clusters (HbBv–HSA3 and HbA–HSA3), are artificial O2 carriers used as a red blood cell substitute. This article describes the physicochemical properties of the HbBv–HSA3 and HbA–HSA3 solutions, and their abilities to restore the systemic condition after resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock in anesthetized rats. The HbBv–HSA3 and HbA–HSA3, which have high colloid osmotic activity, showed equivalent solution characteristics and O2 binding parameters. Shock was induced by 50% blood withdrawal. Rats exhibited hypotension and significant metabolic acidosis. After 15 min, the rats were administered shed autologous blood (SAB), HbBv–HSA3, HbA–HSA3, or Ringer's lactate (RL) solution. Survival rates, circulation parameters, hematological parameters, and blood gas parameters were monitored during the hemorrhagic shock and for 6 h after administration. All rats in the SAB, HbBv–HSA3, and HbA–HSA3 groups survived for 6 h. The HbBv–HSA3 and HbA–HSA3 groups restored mean arterial pressure after the resuscitation. No remarkable difference was observed in the time courses of blood gas parameters in any resuscitated group except for the RL group. Serum biochemical tests showed increases in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the HbBv–HSA3 and HbA–HSA3 groups compared to the SAB group. Therefore, we observed other rats awakened after resuscitation with HbA–HSA3 for 7 days. The blood cell count, AST, and ALT recovered to the baseline values by 7 days. All the results implied that HbBv–HSA3 and HbA–HSA3 clusters provide restoration from hemorrhagic shock as an alternative material for SAB transfusion.
The efficacy and optimal matching of an Internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China
Authors: Zhao Chunxiao , Wampold Bruce E. , Ren Zhihong , Zhang Lin , Jiang Guangrong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe present study tested the efficacy of an unguided internet‐based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (iACT) program for depression, and identified the psychological characteristics of participants who benefitted the most from the program.MethodUndergraduate students with mild to severe symptoms of depression were randomized to the iACT group (n = 95) or the waiting‐list group (WLC group;n = 87). Depressive symptoms and positive mental health were assessed at baseline (T0), at the end of the 6‐week program (T1), and at a 3‐month follow‐up (T2).ResultsCompared with the WLC group, the iACT group showed significantly more improvement in depressive symptoms (d = 1.27) and positive mental health (d = 0.59), both atT1andT2. Latent Profile Analysis identified three classes of participants: Sensitive‐to‐Relationship, Low‐Reactive‐Depression, and Endogenous‐Depression group. In general, the treatment was particularly suitable for the Sensitive‐to‐Relationship class.ConclusionThe iACT was effective in treating the depressive symptoms of undergraduates, especially suitable for the clients with high baseline depression, high externality, high resistance, and high sensitivity to relationships.
Simple grinding for the synthesis of monomeric, dimeric, and trimeric pyridinium salts and its photophysical studies
Authors: Manikandan Chitrarasu , Govindaraj Senthilnathan , Ganesan Kilivelu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSynthesis of water‐soluble‐substituted pyridinium cation which is attached with base sensitive fluorophore peripheral units with different inorganic counter anions under conventional/silica‐supported Muffle furnace methods. Solvent‐free synthetic approach has more merits than the conventional method, such as non‐toxic, shorter reaction time, easy workup procedure without purification process, and higher yields. Ultraviolet–visible spectra were recorded in neutral, acidic, and alkaline medium; it showed greater red shift in alkaline medium compared with neutral and acidic pH medium.
Predictors of mortality among adolescents and young adults living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Amour Maryam A. , Shayo Grace A. , Matee Mecky M. , Machumi Lameck , Rugarabamu Angelica , Aris Eric A. , Sunguya Bruno F. , Mugusi Ferdinand M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionGlobal AIDS‐related deaths have declined by only 10% among adolescents since its peak in 2003. This is disproportionately low compared to a decline of 74% among children aged 0–9 years old. We determined the magnitude of, and predictors of mortality among adolescents and young adults living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Dar‐es‐Salaam, Tanzania.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted among adolescents (aged 10–19) and young adults (aged 20–24) living with HIV and enrolled in care and treatment centres in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania between January 2015 and December 2019. Data were analysed using STATA version 16. Cumulative hazard curves were used to estimate and illustrate 1‐year mortality. Predictors for mortality were assessed by the Fine and Gray competing risk regression model. Sub‐hazard ratios (SHR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were then reported.ResultsA total of 15,874 young people living with HIV were included: 4916 (31.3%) were adolescents and 10,913 (68.7%) were young adults. A total of 3843 (77.5%) adolescents and 9517 (87.2%) young adults were female. Deaths occurred in 2.3% (114/4961) of adolescents and 1.2% (135/10,913) of young adults (p < 0.001). Over a follow‐up of 9292 person‐years, the mortality rate was 3.8 per 100 person years [95% CI 3.2–4.6/100 person‐years] among adolescents and 2.1 per 100 person‐years among young adults [95% CI 1.8–2.5/100 person‐years]. Independent predictors of mortality among adolescents were male sex (adjusted (SHR) aSHR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.3–2.8), CD4 count < 200 cells/mm3 (aSHR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.4–5.0) and attending a private health facility (aSHR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1–2.5). Predictors of mortality among young adults were CD4 count < 200 cells/mm3 (aSHR = 2.8, 95% CI 1.7–4.5), being underweight (aSHR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.4–3.3) and using nevirapine‐based therapy (aHR = 8.3, 95% CI: 3.5–19.5).ConclusionsThe mortality rate for persons living with HIV and on ART in Tanzania was significantly higher in adolescents than young adults. Age‐ and sex‐specific risk factors identify targets for intervention to reduce mortality among affected adolescents and young adults.