bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progressive Depletion of B and T Lymphocytes in Patients with Ataxia Telangiectasia: Results of the Italian Primary Immunodeficiency Network
Authors: Cirillo Emilia , Polizzi Agata , Soresina Annarosa , Prencipe Rosaria , Giardino Giuliana , Cancrini Caterina , Finocchi Andrea , Rivalta Beatrice , Dellepiane Rosa M. , Baselli Lucia A. , Montin Davide , Trizzino Antonino , Consolini Rita , Azzari Chiara , Ricci Silvia , Lodi Lorenzo , Quinti Isabella , Milito Cinzia , Leonardi Lucia , Duse Marzia , Carrabba Maria , Fabio Giovanna , Bertolini Patrizia , Coccia Paola , D’Alba Irene , Pession Andrea , Conti Francesca , Zecca Marco , Lunardi Claudio , Bianco Manuela Lo , Presti Santiago , Sciuto Laura , Micheli Roberto , Bruzzese Dario , Lougaris Vassilios , Badolato Raffaele , Plebani Alessandro , Chessa Luciana , Pignata Claudio 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) is a rare neurodegenerative genetic disorder due to bi-allelic mutations in the Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) gene. The aim of this paper is to better define the immunological profile over time, the clinical immune-related manifestations at diagnosis and during follow-up, and to attempt a genotype–phenotype correlation of an Italian cohort of AT patients. Retrospective data of 69 AT patients diagnosed between December 1984 and November 2019 were collected from the database of the Italian Primary Immunodeficiency Network. Patients were classified at diagnosis as lymphopenic (Group A) or non-lymphopenic (Group B). Fifty eight out of 69 AT patients (84%) were genetically characterized and distinguished according to the type of mutations in truncating/truncating (TT; 27 patients), non-truncating (NT)/T (28 patients), and NT/NT (5 patients). In 3 patients, only one mutation was detected. Data on age at onset and at diagnosis, cellular and humoral compartment at diagnosis and follow-up, infectious diseases, signs of immune dysregulation, cancer, and survival were analyzed and compared to the genotype. Lymphopenia at diagnosis was related per se to earlier age at onset. Progressive reduction of cellular compartment occurred during the follow-up with a gradual reduction of T and B cell number. Most patients of Group A carried bi-allelic truncating mutations, had a more severe B cell lymphopenia, and a reduced life expectancy. A trend to higher frequency of interstitial lung disease, immune dysregulation, and malignancy was noted in Group B patients. Lymphopenia at the onset and the T/T genotype are associated with a worst clinical course. Several mechanisms may underlie the premature and progressive immune decline in AT subjects.
3D-Visualization of Ultrasonic NDT Data Using Mixed Reality
Authors: Rehbein Jörg , Lorenz Sebastian-Johannes , Holtmannspötter Jens , Valeske Bernd 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper we present an approach where ultrasonic testing data (UT) is linked with its spatial coordinates and direction vector to the examined specimen. Doing so, the processed nondestructive testing (NDT) results can be visualized directly on the sample in real-time using augmented or virtual reality. To enable the link between NDT data and physical object, a 3D-tracking system is used. Spatial coordinates and NDT sensor data are stored together. For visualization, texture mapping was applied on a 3D model. The testing process consists of data recording, processing and visualization. All three steps are performed in real-time. The data is recorded by an UT-USB interface, processed on a PC workstation and displayed using a Mixed-Reality-system (MR). Our system allows real-time 3D visualization of ultrasonic NDT data, which is directly drawn into the virtual representation. Therefore, the possibility arises to assist the operator during the manual testing process. This new approach results in a much more intuitive testing process and a data set optimally prepared to be saved in a digital twin environment. The size of the samples is not limited to a laboratory scale, but also works for larger objects, e.g. a helicopter fuselage. Our approach is inspired by concepts of NDE 4.0 to create a new kind of smart inspection systems.
Between Clinical and Biblical Conceptualizations of Guilt and Shame: Luke 7:36–50 as a Case Study
Authors: Szkredka Sławomir 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe distinction between guilt and shame is well established in psychology. Research suggests that shame-proneness correlates with problematic outcomes, while guilt-proneness is more likely related to adaptive behaviors. Consequently, shame is considered an unhealthy moral emotion, while guilt is seen as an adaptive response to one’s failures. Biblical stories appear problematic in this regard. The Story of the Sinful Woman in Luke 7:36–50 exhibits strategies for inscribing not just guilt but also shame as a proper reaction to sin. As such, it appears to engender an unhealthy moral emotion. Careful analysis, however, reveals that the evocation of shame is framed by a relationship with God, whose forgiveness re-creates the shamed self. The narrative accommodates shame by working it into thoroughgoing relational transactions of sin and forgiveness. Those committed to facilitating psychological healing using biblical stories can benefit from considering the distinct scriptural configuration of moral emotions.
Response to intervention for high school students: examining baseline word reading skills and reading comprehension outcomes
Authors: Solis Michael , Kulesz Paulina , Williams Kelly 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this post hoc analysis was to analyze if pre-intervention word reading skills contributed to intervention response on reading comprehension outcomes. High school students with reading difficulties were randomized to a business as usual (BaU) or treatment condition that provided 2 years of an intensive, multicomponent word reading and reading comprehension intervention. Participants were assessed on measures of word reading and reading comprehension for pretest and reading comprehension only for posttest. Findings revealed no statistically significant differences with word-level fluency modeled as a continuous variable between treatment and control on reading comprehension. Regardless of assignment to condition, higher word-level fluency scores predicted higher posttest outcomes on years 1 and 2 reading comprehension scores.
Influence of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting on Health Morbidity, Health Service Utilization and Satisfaction with Care among Somali Women and Teenage Girls in the United States
Authors: Johnson-Agbakwu Crista E. , Fox Kathleen A. , Banke-Thomas Aduragbemi , Michlig Georgia J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Introduction
There is scant evidence on the health morbidities experienced by Somali women and girls affected by female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) and their resultant health-seeking behavior in the USA as compared to those who have not undergone the procedure. To fill this gap, we conducted a comprehensive examination of health morbidity among women and teenage girls with and without FGM/C in a Somali migrant community.

Methods
Using a comprehensive community-based participatory research approach, a cross-sectional survey was administered to 879 Somali women and teenage girls in Phoenix and Tucson, Arizona. We employed Chi-square and analysis of variance to disentangle health and healthcare use among those with and without FGM/C.

Results
The majority of respondents had undergone FGM/C (79%). Respondents with FGM/C experienced significantly more health concerns compared to uncut women and girls, with those possessing Type III FGM/C experiencing significantly more obstetric, gynecologic, sexual, and mental health morbidity than those with Type I or Type II. Rates of service use, while varied, were low overall, particularly for mental health services, even with health insurance. The majority of respondents who sought care indicated that their concerns were resolved, and they were satisfied with the healthcare received.

Conclusions
Community-engaged strategies that build upon satisfaction with care of women who seek care to enhance trust, nurture community embeddedness and facilitate peer navigation, while equipping health and social service providers with the competency and tools to provide respectful, trauma-informed care, will be critical to advance health equity for FGM/C-affected communities.
Involvement of cytokinins in STOP1-mediated resistance to proton toxicity
Authors: Jiang Fei , Lyi Sangbom M. , Sun Tianhu , Li Li , Wang Tao , Liu Jiping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSTOP1 (sensitive to proton rhizotoxicity1) is a master transcription factor that governs the expression of a set of regulatory and structural genes involved in resistance to aluminum and low pH (i.e., proton) stresses in Arabidopsis. However, the mechanisms and regulatory networks underlying STOP1-mediated resistance to proton stresses are largely unclear. Here, we report that low-pH stresses severely inhibited root growth of the stop1 plants by suppressing root meristem activities. Interestingly, the stop1 plants were less sensitive to exogenous cytokinins at normal and low pHs than the wild type. Significantly, low concentrations of cytokinins promoted root growth of the stop1 mutant under low-pH stresses. Moreover, lateral and adventitious root formation was stimulated in stop1 and by low-pH stresses but suppressed by cytokinins. Further studies of the expression patterns of a cytokinin signaling reporter suggest that both the loss-of-function mutation of STOP1 and low-pH stresses suppressed cytokinin signaling outputs in the root. Furthermore, the expression of critical genes involved in cytokinin biosynthesis, biodegradation, and signaling is altered in the stop1 mutant in response to low-pH stresses. In conclusion, our results reveal a complex network of resistance to low-pH stresses, which involves coordinated actions of STOP1, cytokinins, and an additional low-pH-resistant mechanism for controlling root meristem activities and root growth upon proton stresses.
Performance Comparison of Computational Methods for the Prediction of the Function and Pathogenicity of Non-Coding Variants
Authors: Wang Zheng , Zhao Guihu , Li Bin , Fang Zhenghuan , Chen Qian , Wang Xiaomeng , Luo Tengfei , Wang Yijing , Zhou Qiao , Li Kuokuo , Xia Lu , Zhang Yi , Zhou Xun , Pan Hongxu , Zhao Yuwen , Wang Yige , Wang Lin , Guo Jifeng , Tang Beisha , Xia Kun , Li Jinchen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Non-coding variants in the human genome significantly influence human traits and complex diseases via their regulation and modification effects. Hence, an increasing number of computational methods are developed to predict the effects of variants in human non-coding sequences. However, it is difficult for inexperienced users to select appropriate computational methods from dozens of available methods. To solve this issue, we assessed 12 performance metrics of 24 methods on four independent non-coding variant benchmark datasets: (1) rare germline variants from clinical relevant sequence variants (ClinVar), (2) rare somatic variants from Catalogue Of Somatic Mutations In Cancer (COSMIC), (3) common regulatory variants from curated expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) data, and (4) disease-associated common variants from curated genome-wide association studies (GWAS). All 24 tested methods performed differently under various conditions, indicating varying strengths and weaknesses under different scenarios. Importantly, the performance of existing methods was acceptable for rare germline variants from ClinVar with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.4481–0.8033 and poor for rare somatic variants from COSMIC (AUROC = 0.4984–0.7131), common regulatory variants from curated eQTL data (AUROC = 0.4837–0.6472), and disease-associated common variants from curated GWAS (AUROC = 0.4766–0.5188). We also compared the prediction performance of 24 methods for non-coding de novo mutations in autism spectrum disorder, and found that the combined annotation-dependent depletion (CADD) and context-dependent tolerance score (CDTS) methods showed better performance. Summarily, we assessed the performance of 24 computational methods under diverse scenarios, providing preliminary advice for proper tool selection and guiding the development of new techniques in interpreting non-coding variants.
Study on the monitoring and classification of winter wheat freezing injury in spring based on 3S technology
Authors: Wang Z. G. , Wang H. Q. , Feng M. C. , Qin M. X. , Zhang X. R. , Xie Y. K. , Wang C. , Yang W. D. , Xiao L. J. , Zhang M. J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFrequent freezing injury greatly influences winter wheat production; thus, effective prevention and a command of agricultural production are vital. The freezing injury monitoring method integrated with ‘3S’ (geographic information systems (GIS), global positioning system (GPS) and remote sensing (RS)) technology has an unparalleled advantage. Using HuanJing (HJ)-1A/1B satellite images of a winter wheat field in Shanxi Province, China plus a field survey, crop types and winter wheat planting area were identified through repeated visual interpretations of image information and spatial analyses conducted in GIS. Six vegetation indices were extracted from processed HJ-1A/1B satellite images to determine whether the winter wheat suffered from freezing injury and its degree of severity and recovery, using change vector analysis (CVA), the freeze injury representative vegetation index and the combination of the two methods, respectively. Accuracy of the freezing damage classification results was verified by determining the impact of freezing damage on yield and quantitative analysis. The CVA and the change of normalized difference vegetation index (ΔNDVI) monitoring results were different so a comprehensive analysis of the combination of CVA and ΔNDVI was performed. The area with serious freezing injury covered 0.9% of the total study area, followed by the area of no freezing injury (3.5%), moderate freezing injury (10.2%) and light freezing injury (85.4%). Of the moderate and serious freezing injury areas, 0.2% did not recover; 1.2% of the no freezing injury and light freezing injury areas showed optimal recovery, 15.6% of the light freezing injury and moderate freezing injury areas showed poor recovery, and the remaining areas exhibited general recovery.
Benthic community descriptions at underwater peaks in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica
Authors: Kim Stacy , Cazenave François 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, fine-scale bathymetry is poorly defined, and benthic communities at water depths over 30 m have not been well described. We describe the benthic communities on two previously unknown bathymetric highs, sampled in 2012 and 2014, using scuba divers, a remotely operated vehicle, and a specially designed time-lapse camera system (SeeStar). One site (Mystery Peak) was capped by a dense thicket of the sponge Homaxinella balfourensis, a temporally variable community that likely formed in response to iceberg disturbance. Below the H. balfourensis cap (at 40 m) and at the second site (Tongue Peak, 70 m), the communities conformed to a known ecological pattern driven by food availability from benthic diatoms. Overall, mixed hydroids and bryozoans were the dominant organisms, and at greater depths the sponge Rosella podagrosa also became abundant. Over time, there were only minor changes in these communities on isolated bathymetric highs. Ice is a physical factor that interacts with depth and influences benthic communities through disturbance by icebergs and anchor ice, and through food supply by sea ice coverage. The SeeStar time-lapse camera system performed exceptionally and opens up opportunities for new winter observations in the Antarctic.
Communication skills training for medical residents: Enhancing a psychosocial approach of patient care
Authors: Gil F.L. , Hernández-Ribas R. , Sánchez N. , Gil J. , Casellas-Grau A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesOne of the issues that has increasingly become relevant to medical practice is the ability to communicate well with patients. Better communication results in better care for the patient, as well as greater satisfaction for the physician. For this reason, the aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a communication skills training program for medical residents (MR).MethodEighty-six MR underwent a 6-month training program in three phases: a 12-h theory and practice workshop, a period of real practice, and a 4-h workshop in which the most challenging scenarios were role played with an actress. In each phase (T0, T1, and T2), participants’ beliefs about their competence in caring for patients’ psychosocial aspects and their self-confidence in communication skills were assessed.ResultsNo differences were found between T0 and T1 in participants’ beliefs of self-competence in psychosocial care. However, this competence significantly improved after completion of the entire program. Only 7 of the 12 areas explored in communication skills significantly improved between T0 and T1. However, after T2 completion, significant improvements were observed in all 12 areas.Significance of resultsThe research results highlight the usefulness and importance of training young doctors to foster their psychosocial approach to patient care and improve their confidence in their own communication skills. The results also show the appropriateness of the structure of the training: the key features of the programme were the follow-up of the participants in three phases over 6 months, and a focus on the needs of the residents and the resolution of difficult clinical cases, with the support of an actress. Therefore, the training presented in this study may become a guide for other trainings in other contexts with similar objectives.
Toward improving nitrogen use efficiency in rice production: the socio-economic, climatic and technological determinants of briquette urea adoption
Authors: Anik Asif Reza , Begho Toritseju , Sharna Shaima Chowdhury , Eory Vera , Rahman Md. Mizanur 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDeep placement of briquette urea (BU) is environmentally friendly and promotes for better nitrogen use efficiency. Nonetheless, its farm-level adoption is low. This paper contributes to the existing literature on climate-smart technology adoption by examining the factors that affect the BU adoption decision using the national representative Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey (BIHS-15) dataset consisting of 3384 rice farmers in Bangladesh. BU adoption probability is higher for farms that specialize in rice production, have more assets, use mobile phones for farming and have better access to extension services. Also, empowered women have a higher propensity to adopt BU. However, living in the feed the future zone decreases adoption probability. BU adoption probability is inversely correlated with rainfall and salinity vulnerability, while the opposite is observed for cyclone and drought vulnerability. Compared to the prilled urea (PU) users, the BU adopters applied a significantly lower amount of urea. The adopters produce more and have a relatively higher return, though the differences are insignificant. The relatively high price of BU compared to PU and the associated high labor requirement dampers the benefit of adopting the technology. Reallocation of subsidies from PU toward BU could be an effective way of promoting BU technology.
Very Low Frequency Earthquakes in Between the Seismogenic and Tremor Zones in Cascadia?
Authors: Fan Wenyuan , Barbour Andrew J. , McGuire Jeffrey J. , Huang Yihe , Lin Guoqing , Cochran Elizabeth S. , Okuwaki Ryo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMegathrust earthquakes and their associated tsunamis cause some of the worst natural disasters. In addition to earthquakes, a wide range of slip behaviors are present at subduction zones, including slow earthquakes that span multiple orders of spatial and temporal scales. Understanding these events may shed light on the stress or strength conditions of the megathrust fault. Out of all types of slow earthquakes, very low frequency earthquakes (VLFEs) are most enigmatic because they are difficult to detect reliably, and the physical nature of VLFEs are poorly understood. Here we show three VLFEs in Cascadia that were dynamically triggered by a 2009 Mw 6.9 Canal de Ballenas earthquake in the Gulf of California. The VLFEs likely locate in between the seismogenic zone and the Cascadia episodic tremor and slip (ETS) zone, including one event with a moment magnitude of 5.7. This is the largest VLFE reported to date, causing clear geodetic signals. Our results show that the Cascadia megathrust fault might slip rapidly at some spots in this gap zone, and such a permissible slip behavior has direct seismic hazard implications for coastal communities and perhaps further inland. Further, the observed seismic sources may represent a new class of slip events, whose characteristics do not fit current understandings of slow or regular earthquakes.
Analysis of Blue Corona Discharges at the Top of Tropical Thunderstorm Clouds in Different Phases of Convection
Authors: Dimitriadou Krystallia , Chanrion Olivier , Neubert Torsten , Protat Alain , Louf Valentin , Heumesser Matthias , Husbjerg Lasse , Köhn Christoph , Østgaard Nikolai , Reglero Victor 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe report on observations of corona discharges at the uppermost region of clouds characterized by emissions in a blue band of nitrogen molecules at 337 nm, with little activity in the red band of lightning leaders at 777.4 nm. Past work suggests that they are generated in cloud tops reaching the tropopause and above. Here we explore their occurrence in two convective environments of the same storm: one is developing with clouds reaching above the tropopause, and one is collapsing with lower cloud tops. We focus on those discharges that form a distinct category with rise times below 20 μs, implying that they are at the very top of the clouds. The discharges are observed in both environments. The observations suggest that a range of storm environments may generate corona discharges and that they may be common in convective surges.
Dynamic Clusters to Infer Topologic Controls on Environmental Transport of River Networks
Authors: Roy Juthika , Tejedor Alejandro , Singh Arvind 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe knowledge of structural controls of river networks (RNs) on transport dynamics is important for modeling and predicting environmental fluxes. To investigate impacts of RN’s topology on transport processes, we introduce a systematic framework based on the concept of dynamic clusters, where the connectivity of subcatchments is assessed according to two complementary criteria: minimum‐ and maximum‐flow connectivity. Our analysis from simple synthetic RNs and several natural river basins across the United States reveals the key topological features underlying the efficiency of flux transport and aggregation. Namely, the timing of basin‐scale connectivity at low‐flow conditions is controlled by the abundance of topologically asymmetric junctions (side‐branching), which at the same time, result in a slow‐down of the flux convergence at the outlet (maximum‐flow). Our results, when compared with observed topological trends in RNs as a function of climate, indicate that humid basins exhibit topologies which are “naturally engineered” to slow‐down fluxes.