bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From modern to classic: Classification of the planthopper family Issidae (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Fulgoroidea) derived from a total‐evidence phylogeny
Authors: Gnezdilov Vladimir M. , Konstantinov Fedor V. , Namyatova Anna A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Issidae are highly diverse in terms of morphology and species richness. Despite recent efforts, the internal phylogeny and classification of this planthopper family remain controversial. Here, we present a phylogeny of the family inferred with Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood analyses of a nine‐gene molecular dataset (4702 bp) and morphological data (35 characters) across a broad sample of taxa (99 terminals). Based on these results, we verify the taxonomic status of the issid subfamilies, tribes and generic complexes. Results revealed a well‐supported basal dichotomy of the family into two clades, corresponding to the subfamilies Issinae and Hysteropterinae. Within Issinae, the tribes Issini, Thioniini, Sarimini, Hemisphaeriini, Parahiraciini and Kodaianellini were recovered with high support. Four strongly statistically supported clades were revealed within the subfamily Hysteropterinae, but we refrain from taxonomic decisions in the absence of morphological characters to diagnose the clades A–C. Interestingly, the obtained results are in good agreement with L. Melichar's view on Issidae classification suggested more than a century ago. Our results challenge an early Cretaceous origin of the Issidae and the basal split of the family between Neotropical taxa (Thioniini) and the remaining issids.
Data-Enabled Predictive Control for Building HVAC Systems
Authors: Chinde Venkatesh , Lin Yashen , Ellis Matthew J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractModel predictive control is widely used as a control technology for the computation of optimal control inputs of building heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. However, both the benefits and widespread adoption of model predictive control (MPC) are hindered by the effort of model creation, calibration, and accuracy of the predictions. In this paper, we apply the data-enabled predictive control (DeePC) algorithm for designing controls for building HVAC systems. The algorithm solely depends on input/output data from the system to predict future state trajectories without the need for system identification. The algorithm relies on the idea that a vector space of all input–output trajectories of a discrete-time linear time-invariant (LTI) system is spanned by time-shifts of a single measured trajectory, given the input signal is persistently exciting. Closed-loop simulations using EnergyPlus are performed to demonstrate the approach. The simulated building modeled in EnergyPlus is a modified commercial large office prototype building served by an air handling unit-variable air volume HVAC system. Temperature setpoints of zones are used as control variables to minimize the HVAC energy cost of the building considering a time-of-use electricity rate structure. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis is conducted to gain insights into the effect of parameter tuning on DeePC performance. Simulation results are used to illustrate the performance of the algorithm and compare the algorithm with model-based MPC and occupancy-based setpoint controller. Overall, DeePC achieves similar performance compared to MPC for lower engineering effort.
Four-quark states with charm quarks in a two-body Bethe–Salpeter approach
Authors: Santowsky Nico , Fischer Christian S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe study the internal structure of a range of four-quark states with charm quark contributions using a two-body Bethe–Salpeter equation. Thereby, we examine charmonium-like states with hidden charm and quark content $$c\bar{c}q\bar{q}$$

c

c

¯

q

q

¯

, open-charm states with quark content $$cc\bar{q}\bar{q}$$

c
c

q

¯

q

¯

and all-charm states with $$cc\bar{c}\bar{c}$$

c
c

c

¯

c

¯

. In particular we study the internal competition between meson–meson components and diquark–antidiquark components in the wave functions of these states. Our results indicate that the $$\chi _{c1}(3872)$$

χ

c
1

(
3872
)

and the $$Z_c(3900)$$

Z
c

(
3900
)

are predominantly $$D\bar{D}^*$$

D

D

¯

∗

states and that the recently discovered open-charm state $$T_{cc}^+$$

T

cc

+

is dominated by an internal $$DD^*$$

D

D
∗

component. In both cases the diquark components are negligible. For the all-charm state X(6900) with as yet unknown quantum numbers we identify candidates in the excitation spectra of $$0^+$$

0
+

and $$1^+$$

1
+

states. Furthermore, our framework serves to provide predictions for further, yet undiscovered open and hidden charm four-quark states.
Somatic Mutation: What Shapes the Mutational Landscape of Normal Epithelia?
Authors: Fowler Joanna C. , Jones Philip H. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Epithelial stem cells accumulate mutations throughout life. Some of these mutants increase competitive fitness and may form clones that colonize the stem cell niche and persist to acquire further genome alterations. After a transient expansion, mutant stem cells must revert to homeostatic behavior so normal tissue architecture is maintained. Some positively selected mutants may promote cancer development, whereas others inhibit carcinogenesis. Factors that shape the mutational landscape include wild-type and mutant stem cell dynamics, competition for the niche, and environmental exposures. Understanding these processes may give new insight into the basis of cancer risk and opportunities for cancer prevention.

Significance:
Recent advances in sequencing have found somatic mutations in all epithelial tissues studied to date. Here we review how the mutational landscape of normal epithelia is shaped by clonal competition within the stem cell niche combined with environmental exposures. Some of the selected mutant genes are oncogenic, whereas others may be inhibitory of transformation. Discoveries in this area leave many open questions, such as the definition of cancer driver genes, the mechanisms by which tissues constrain a high proportion of oncogenic mutant cells, and whether clonal fitness can be modulated to decrease cancer risk.
Prevalence of Previous COVID-19 Infection, COVID-19 Vaccination Receipt, and Intent to Vaccinate Among the US Workforce
Authors: Nguyen Kimberly H. , Irvine Shannon , Chung Mei , Yue Holly , Sheetoh Cordelia , Chui Kenneth , Allen Jennifer D. 
Published: April 2022

Objective: As COVID-19 vaccines become more accessible to all people in the United States, more employees are returning to the workforce or switching to in-person work. However, limited information is available on vaccination coverage and intent among the US workforce. Methods: We used data from the US Census Bureau’s Household Pulse Survey, fielded during April 14–May 24, 2021 (N = 218 787), to examine the prevalence of previous COVID-19 infection, vaccination receipt, and intent to vaccinate by essential worker status and employment type. In addition, we analyzed factors associated with vaccination receipt and reasons for not getting vaccinated. Results: More than 15% of the US workforce had a previous diagnosis of COVID-19, and 73.6% received ≥1 dose of COVID-19 vaccine; however, 12.4% reported that they probably will not or definitely will not get vaccinated. Vaccination coverage (range, 63.8%-78.3%) was lowest and non-intent to get vaccinated (12.9%-21.7%) was highest among self-employed adults across all essential and nonessential worker groups. Factors associated with receipt of vaccination were age, race, Hispanic ethnicity, educational attainment, annual household income, health insurance status, and previous COVID-19 diagnosis. The main reasons for not getting vaccinated were concerns about possible side effects and waiting and seeing if the vaccine is safe. Conclusion: Identifying and addressing disparities in COVID-19 vaccination coverage in the US workforce can protect groups with low vaccine coverage and increase understanding of reasons for vaccine hesitancy. Educating employees about the vaccine and its potential side effects, promoting a culture of health and safety in the workplace, and building social norms around vaccination can help create a safe work environment for all employees and their families.
Intrathyroidal Parathyroid Carcinoma: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Daniel Hannah , Pillutla Pranati , Schwartz Cynthia , Nguyen Tam 
Published: April 2022

Intrathyroidal parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is a rare malignancy that is usually difficult to diagnose. We present a case of a 31-year-old male with a history of hyperparathyroidism who was found to have intrathyroidal PC upon review of immunostains along with a review of the current literature. A systematic review of the literature utilizing the PubMed database identified 24 relevant, full-text articles. 25 cases were analyzed, including our own report. The case of a 31-year-old man with a history of hyperparathyroidism managed with subtotal thyroidectomy and subtotal parathyroidectomy who had persistent hypercalcemia and elevated parathyroid hormone. Abnormal radiotracer uptake was noted in the left thyroid gland. Neck exploration with left parathyroidectomy and revision thyroidectomy was performed. A candidate left inferior parathyroid was found within the left thyroid lobe remnant and identified as parathyroid carcinoma. Immunostains determined an intrathyroidal parathyroid carcinoma. The literature review shows the average presenting age was 50.9 years. 54.17% (CI, 43–82%) of affected patients are female. Right-sided thyroid involvement is seen in 54.17% (CI, 34–74%) of cases. The inferior aspect of the thyroid is involved in 66.67% of cases (CI, 53–89%). Intrathyroidal parathyroid carcinoma is a rare and challenging diagnosis due to similarities with other more common endocrine abnormalities. This review found that the inferior parathyroid is more likely to be located within the thyroid gland. Surgeons may consider aberrant anatomical locations, including intrathyroidal locations, for the inferior parathyroid glands.
A Prospective Analysis of the Interrelationship between Physical Intimate Partner Violence and Alcohol Use: A Post-Hoc Analysis of Young Women Involved in the Stepping Stones and Creating Futures Trial in South Africa
Authors: Gibbs Andrew , Chirwa Esnat , Dunkle Kristin 
Published: April 2022

Prospective studies assessing women’s experience of intimate partner violence (IPV) and alcohol use have shown mixed results and all are from high-income countries. Using longitudinal data from young women in South Africa we assess whether changes in physical IPV impact alcohol use, and whether changes in alcohol use impact physical IPV experience. Post-hoc analysis of women aged 18–30 living in informal settlements in eThekwini Municipality, South Africa, involved in the Stepping Stones and Creating Futures trial, between September 2015 and October 2019, with data collected at baseline ( n = 677) and endline at 24 months ( n = 545, 80.5% retention). At both timepoints, women were asked about their past year physical IPV experience and alcohol use. We estimated changes in physical IPV over time and whether this was associated with harmful alcohol use at endline. We then estimated changes in alcohol use over time, and whether this was associated with experience of past year physical IPV at endline. Women who experienced an increase in physical IPV over the study period were more likely to report harmful drinking at 24 months (aOR2.45, 95% CI 1.21–4.97). Similarly, women reporting increased alcohol use over time were more likely to report past year physical IPV at 24 months (aOR2.04, 95% CI 1.21–3.46). Among young women living in urban poverty those who experienced increasing physical violence from intimate partners were more likely to report increased and problematic alcohol use. Similarly, women reporting increasing alcohol use over 24 months were more likely to report physical IPV. However, there was no evidence that decreased alcohol use led to reductions in IPV, or that reduced IPV experience led to decreased alcohol use. Future research and interventions need to consider the reciprocal risks of physical IPV and alcohol use, with a focus on joint underlying drivers.
Single point incremental forming of polyamide/30 wt% short glass fiber composite
Authors: Bagheri Sareh , Kami Abdolvahed , Shakouri Meisam 
Published: April 2022

The experimental study of single point incremental forming (SPIF) of a thermoplastic matrix composite (TMC) was presented in this research. The TMC’s matrix was built of polyamide (PA) 6.6, and the reinforcement was 30 wt percent short glass fiber (GF). The TMC was manufactured by hot pressing PA/30 wt percent GF granules to a thickness of 1.5 mm. The impact of SPIF process variables such as forming temperature (60°C–120°C), spindle speed (500 rpm–3000 rpm), wall angle (30°–60°), and step size (0.5 mm–1.5 mm) on forming depth and shrinkage owing to cooling were investigated. The findings revealed that the wall angle is the most effective parameter on TMC forming depth and shrinkage. Furthermore, TMC showed a significant percentage of shrinkage when it is cooled (up to 83.6% of shrinkage).
Care ethics framework for midwifery practice: A scoping review
Authors: Buchanan Kate , Newnham Elizabeth , Ireson Deborah , Davison Clare , Geraghty Sadie 
Published: April 2022

Background: As a normative theory, care ethics has become widely theorized and accepted. However, there remains a lack of clarity in relation to its use in practice, and a care ethics framework for practice. Maternity care is fraught with ethical issues and care ethics may provide an avenue to enhance ethical sensitivity. Aim: The purpose of this scoping review is to determine how care ethics is used amongst health professions, and to collate the information in data charts to create a care ethics framework and definition for midwifery practice. Method: The scoping review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) recommendations. The search was applied to the databases CINAHL, MEDLINE, PschInfo and Pubmed which were searched in September 2019 and again in July 2021. The inclusion criteria were guided by the mnemonic for search terms: Participants, Concept, and Context (PCC) and included variations of health care professionals, care ethics and utilization. The search was limited to qualitative studies published in English between 2010 and 2021. A data extraction tool was used to extract and synthesize data into categories. The articles were screened for eligibility by title, abstract and full text review, by two independent reviewers. Ethical Considerations: The scoping review was guided by ethical conduct respecting authorship and referencing sources. Results: Twelve of the initially identified 129 studies were included in the scoping review. Data synthesis yielded four categories of care ethics use by health professionals: relationship, context, attention to power and caring practices. In combination, the evidence forms a framework for care ethics use in midwifery practice. Conclusion: Care ethics use by health professionals enhances ethical sensitivity. A framework and definition for care ethics for midwifery practice is proposed. This review will be of interest to midwives and other health practitioners seeking to enhance ethical sensitivity.
Effect of Foot Massage on Decreasing Blood Pressure and Anxiety in Older People with Hypertension in Indonesia
Authors: Anwar Nursanti , Irwan Andi Masyitha , Saleh Ariyanti , Usman Suharno 
Published: April 2022

Background: Globally, the prevalence of hypertension, especially in older people, is relatively high and increasing annually. In addition to hypertension, many older people also experience anxiety. Interventions are needed to reduce blood pressure and overcome anxiety, one of which is foot massage. Objective: To determine the effect of foot massage on reducing blood pressure and anxiety in older people with hypertension. Method: This study was a one-group pre-test–post-test design with a time-series design for measuring blood pressure and assessing the degree of anxiety after foot massage intervention for 12 sessions. Thirty older people with hypertension and anxiety participated in this study. Results: A significant decrease in anxiety was observed after the 6th and 12th sessions of foot massage intervention ( P < 0.05). A significant decrease was observed in systolic blood pressure after the 12th intervention compared to baseline and 8th intervention ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: Foot massage intervention is effective in reducing blood pressure and anxiety in older people with hypertension.
Novel Melano-Cortin-2-Receptor Gene Mutation Presenting With Infantile Cholestasis: A Case Report
Authors: Alsaedi Abdulaziz , Kamal Naglaa M , Bakkar Ayman , Althobaiti Enad , Naeem Muhammad , Kamal Mohamed 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: For many years, congenital panhypopituitarism has been recognized to cause infantile cholestasis. However, the isolated cortisol deficiency as a cause of cholestasis and liver failure was rarely reported. Case description: A 32-days old male infant presented to the hepatology clinic with infantile cholestasis. His initial workup revealed alanine transaminase (ALT) level of 138 U/L, aspartate transaminase level of 76 U/L, total bilirubin (T.Bil) of 103 mmol/L, direct bilirubin of (D.Bil) 83 mmol/L, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) level of 28 U/L with normal prothrombin time (PT) of 13 seconds. One week later, the patient developed severe bronchiolitis necessitating mechanical ventilation associated with acute liver failure and worsening cholestasis. His ALT increased to 303.5 U/L and direct bilirubin increased to 204 mmol/L with prolongation of PT to 18.9 seconds reflecting derangement in synthetic liver functions. There was associated hypoglycemia, hyponatremia and high normal potassium level with a picture of adrenal insufficiency. Hormonal workup and genetic testing revealed isolated cortisol deficiency with a novel homozygous mutation c.763_764delAT (p. Met255ValfsX17) in Melanocortin 2 receptor gene ( MC2R) and the patient was diagnosed as familial primary glucocorticoid deficiency. The patient was maintained on cortisol replacement therapy with the resolution of cholestasis and normalization of liver functions. Conclusions: Patients presenting with infantile cholestasis associated with documented hypoglycemia should alert pediatricians about the possibility of familial glucocorticoid deficiency and prompt investigation of adrenal function should be considered. Cortisol replacement therapy leads to the resolution of cholestasis.
Large Cystic Mass of the Pancreatico-Duodenal Region Revealing Duodenal Lymphatic Malformation: A Case Report
Authors: Belkouchi Lina , Saouab Rachida , Boualiten Khadija , Aourarh Benayad , Adioui Tarik , Essaoudi Mohamed Amine , Kessab Amine 
Published: April 2022

Lymphatic malformations are benign tumors rarely located in the gastro-intestinal tract. They are usually asymptomatic; however, they can cause clinical discomfort when enlarged. Imaging leads to diagnosis, but the confirmation can only be done through histology findings. We report the case of a 59-year-old male patient, admitted in our ward for melena, to which esophago-gastroduodenoscopy showed budding formations in the second portion of the duodenum wall, with Magnetic Resonance Imaging features and histological examination confirming diagnosis of a duodenal lymphatic malformation.
Thermal, mechanical, rheological and morphological properties of compatible poly(lactic acid)/ethylene vinyl acetate blends
Authors: Johar Munirah , Zarkasi Kamarul Zaman , Hashim Faiezah , Rusli Arjulizan 
Published: April 2022

This paper examines the effects of poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) with 40% vinyl acetate content on thermal, mechanical, rheological, and morphological properties of polylactic acid (PLA) blends. Thermal analysis indicated improvement of crystallinity in the presence of more EVA. With 15% EVA, the impact strength of the binary blend increased significantly (37.80 KJ/m2) at an optimum elongation at break due to the compatibility of the blend and the formation of fibrils. In the presence of % EVA, complete phase separation with the formation of EVA droplets in the PLA continuous phase resulted in a reduction of impact strength and elongation at break. Changes in compatibility and morphology lead to variation in rheological properties. The complex viscosity (η*) decreased with increasing EVA content up to 10% EVA but slightly increased at 15% EVA due to optimum interphase interaction between components in the compatible blend. In the presence of more than 20% EVA, η* reduced again due to the occurrence of phase separation. The variations in the mechanical and rheological properties of PLA/EVA blends are directly related to the state of compatibility and morphology of the blends.
Development of zinc, silver, and hyaluronic acid mediated wet spun alginate fibers for potential wound care applications
Authors: Mahmood Urwa , Masood Rashid , Afzal Muhammad Ali , Raza Zulfiqar Ali , Abid Sharjeel , Zahir Abdul , Hussain Tanveer , Nazir Ahsan 
Published: April 2022

Sodium alginate and hyaluronic acid are being used extensively in wound care applications for their exceptional properties, including gelation, biocompatibility, exudate absorption, and the ability to provide a moist environment to the wound bed that accelerates healing. This research work presents the potential of developing silver and zinc ions loaded bioactive fibers for wound care applications with improved absorption, swelling (gelling), and antibacterial properties. The effect of loading silver and zinc on alginate/hyaluronic acid biofiber absorption, swelling (gelation), tensile and antibacterial activity were analyzed. It was found that the addition of silver and zinc salts improved the absorption, tensile, and gelation properties of alginate/hyaluronic acid fibers. Zinc-containing fibers exhibited superior properties to silver-containing fibers. The presence of hyaluronic acid influenced the release of silver and zinc ions in various liquid media with a maximum of 26 g/g absorption was observed which suggested the good wound exudate absorption capacity of the developed fibers. The developed fibers showed good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains.
Carbon Ion Induces Cell Death and G2/M Arrest Through pRb/E2F1Chk2/Cdc2 Signaling Pathway in X-ray Resistant B16F10 Melanoma Cells
Authors: Li Sha , Huang Hefa , Xing Mengjie , Qin Jin , Zhang Hong , Liu Yang , Zhang Liping , Zhang Chao , Tian Zhongze , Gao Xingxin , Zhao Rui , Mao Aihong 
Published: April 2022

To explore the effect of high-LET carbon ion (C-ion) radiation on malignant melanoma, we systematically compared the radiobiological effects of C-ion with that of X-rays in B16F10 melanoma cells. Results showed that C-ion radiation statistically inhibited clonogenic survival capacity of B16F10 melanoma cells. The RBE was 3.7 at D10 levels, meaning 1.0 Gy C-ion should cause the same biological effect as ≥ 3.0 Gy X-rays. In addition, we also observed a stronger proliferation-inhibiting and higher ratio of cell apoptosis and necrosis in B16F10 cells treated with C-ion than X-rays. Moreover, C-ion radiation exhibited stronger and long-lasting G2/M arrest than X-rays. As an underlying mechanism, we speculated that C-ion radiation-induced G2/M block through activating pRb/E2F1/Chk2 pathway. With these results, we highlighted the potential of C-ion in treatment of cutaneous melanoma. Further, in vitro experiments as well as clinical trials are needed to further evaluate the effect of carbon ion radiotherapy in melanoma.