bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Students' transition into higher education: The role of self‐efficacy, regulation strategies, and academic achievements
Authors: Lin Shanyan , Mastrokoukou Sofia , Longobardi Claudio , Bozzato Paolo , Gastaldi Francesca Giovanna Maria , Berchiatti Martina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTransition into higher education (HE) has received increased interest in recent years, since it represents a challenging period for students. The aim of this study was to further understand the associations between self‐efficacy, academic achievements, and regulation in first‐year university students during their transition into HE. The convenience sample consisted of 374 first‐year university students (230 females, 61.5%), aged from 18 to 33 (M = 19.86, SD = 1.51) and recruited from an Italian university. Self‐efficacy was assessed using the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire; regulation strategies were assessed with the Inventory of Learning Patterns of Students; and a self‐reported grade point average was taken as an indicator of each student's academic performance. Result shows that students' self‐efficacy was positively associated with self‐regulation and negatively associated with a lack of regulation. Students with higher self‐efficacy and self‐regulation strategies had better academic performance. Female students performed better in academic activities and adopted more external regulation strategies. The findings represent an opportunity for university institutions to consider the interventions they provide to first‐year students in order to facilitate the successful transition from secondary school; they also provide researchers with further knowledge about the effect of self‐efficacy, and regulation strategies on students' adjustment to HE.
Molecular dynamics simulation of α‐gliadin in ethanol/aqueous organic solvents
Authors: Yu Jie‐Ting , Li Xin‐Yao , Huang Jia‐Hui , Yu Ming‐Yi , Wu Zi‐Yi , Cao Shi‐Lin 
Published: April 2022

SummaryGliadin is an important protein present in cereals. Owing to its solubility in alcohol, gliadin contributes significantly to the field of food industry. However, at present, it is challenging to study the structural characteristics of gliadin at the molecular level because the exact 3‐D structure cannot be obtained using experimental methods. In this study, an α‐gliadin model was constructed by combining homology modelling, ab initio modelling, and threading methods to study the structural properties of gliadin in ethanol aqueous solution. Our results indicated that glutamine is a key element of α‐gliadin. Also, α‐gliadin exhibited relatively low hydrophilicity and high lipid solubility. Molecular dynamics simulations suggested that there are hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces existed between α‐gliadin and ethanol molecules. This study has explored the structure of wheat gliadin and its conformation in different ethanol solutions and provides a deeper understanding towards the deacetylation mechanism and potential applications of α‐gliadin in the food industry.
Non‐conventional fermentation at laboratory scale of cocoa beans: Using probiotic microorganisms and substitution of mucilage by fruit pulps
Authors: Vizcaino‐Almeida Camila R. , Guajardo‐Flores Daniel , Caroca‐Cáceres Rodrigo , Serna‐Saldívar Sergio O. , Briones‐García Miriam , Lazo‐Vélez Marco A. 
Published: April 2022

SummaryIn a non‐conventional lab‐scale fermentation of cocoa beans using probiotic microorganisms and substituting the cocoa pulp for fruit pulp, physicochemical, microbiological and quality parameters were investigated. Two hundred grams of beans were fermented in a controlled environmental chamber (temperature ramp rate of 25°C for 48 h; 35°C for 48 h and 45°C for 48 h; and 65% HR). pH, titratable acid, citric, lactic and acetic acids, as well as sugars and ethanol were measured. A cut test was also performed on the cocoa beans fermented 5 and 6 days. As the fermentation time progressed, citric acid concentration decreased until 0.53 g kg−1, whereas both lactic and acetic acids increased until 0.44 and 16.58 g kg−1, respectively. Sucrose content decreased from 12.26 g kg−1 (in fresh) to 6.54 g kg−1 on the 6th day. Fructose and glucose contents increased in the cotyledons from day five, reaching a maximum concentration of 1.14 and 1.01 g kg−1, respectively, on day six. Yeasts were the main microorganisms during the first 24–48 h (8.4 log CFU g−1), while bacterial counts reached its highest number (7.8 log CFU g−1) on day four. Beans fermented 5 and 6 days resulted in more fermented beans (>81%) and less violet ones (<18.4%) than the control.
Free versus regulated migration: Comparing the wages of the New Zealand‐born, other migrants and the Australia‐born workers in Australia
Authors: Doan Tinh , Nghiem Nhung , Doan Nhan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNew Zealanders can cross borders freely, work and live in Australia indefinitely thanks to the Trans‐Tasman Travel Agreement. This paper uses a recently developed decomposition method to decompose the weekly wage gap at various quantiles on the wage distribution between New Zealand‐born (NZ‐born) and Australian‐born workers, and between NZ‐born workers, migrants from other English speaking countries (OESC), and from non‐English speaking countries (NESC) to determine how free and regulated migration influences migrants’ performance in the Australian labour market. We found that NZ‐born workers earned higher weekly wages than both Australian‐born and NESC workers but earned lower wages than OESC migrants. Differences in endowment were primarily responsible for the wage gaps between NZ‐born and Australian‐born workers and between NZ‐born and OESC migrants. However, differences in returns to worker and job characteristics are mainly responsible for the wage gap between NZ‐born and NESC migrants.
Fabrication of textured cerium‐doped lutetium oxyorthosilicate ceramics by slip casting in a strong magnetic field
Authors: Wang Mingda , Fan Lingcong , Wang Shun , Wang Tun , Shi Ying 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Cerium‐doped lutetium oxyorthosilicate (Lu2SiO5:Ce, LSO:Ce) slurry with 35 vol.% solid content and viscosity of 70 mPa
s (at a shear rate of 4 s–1) was prepared via a 24‐h ball milling for the powder calcined at 1200°C and adding ammonium polyacrylate of 0.2 wt.%. Textured LSO:Ce ceramics were fabricated via slip casting in a vertical magnetic field and subsequently pressureless sintering of 1650°C and hot isostatic pressing. The maximum Lotgering factor f and relative density of the textured ceramics were 0.48% and 98.8%, respectively. Effects of grain size, dispersant, viscosity of slurry, and magnetic flux density on the grain orientation of LSO:Ce ceramics were systematically investigated. Based on the spatial state of grains, we proposed the rotation rule that LSO:Ce grains with or without space constraints in the slurry align along a and c‐axis under the induction of a strong magnetic field.
ASIC1a stimulates the resistance of human hepatocellular carcinoma by promoting EMT via the AKT/GSK3β/Snail pathway driven by TGFβ/Smad signals
Authors: Zhang Yinci , Cao Niandie , Gao Jiafeng , Liang Jiaojiao , Liang Yong , Xie Yinghai , Zhou Shuping , Tang Xiaolong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMultidrug resistance is the main obstacle to curing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Acid‐sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) has critical roles in all stages of cancer progression, especially invasion and metastasis, and in resistance to therapy. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) transforms epithelial cells into mesenchymal cells after being stimulated by extracellular factors and is closely related to tumour infiltration and resistance. We used Western blotting, immunofluorescence, qRT‐PCR, immunohistochemical staining, MTT, colony formation and scratch healing assay to determine ASIC1a levels and its relationship to cell proliferation, migration and invasion. ASIC1a is overexpressed in HCC tissues, and the amount increased in resistant HCC cells. EMT occurred more frequently in drug‐resistant cells than in parental cells. Inactivation of ASIC1a inhibited cell migration and invasion and increased the chemosensitivity of cells through EMT. Overexpression of ASIC1a upregulated EMT and increased the cells’ proliferation, migration and invasion and induced drug resistance; knocking down ASIC1a with shRNA had the opposite effects. ASIC1a increased cell migration and invasion through EMT by regulating α and β‐catenin, vimentin and fibronectin expression via the AKT/GSK‐3β/Snail pathway driven by TGFβ/Smad signals. ASIC1a mediates drug resistance of HCC through EMT via the AKT/GSK‐3β/Snail pathway.
The use of radio‐wave surgery: An underestimated method for small hyperpigmented flat or macular lesions on face
Authors: Pekmezci Erkin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough choosing the appropriate treatment method is relatively easy for papular or protuberant lesions, for small macular lesions it may not be so, because they are generally percepted as mild lesions by the patient and she/he usually has the anxiety of final disfigurement which may result esthetically worse than the original one. It is reasonable to choose the method which will reveal the least scar formation and lowest recurrence rate with cost‐effectiveness, in removal of superficial small macular lesions for cosmetic purposes.MethodsFifty‐six male and female patients with small hyperpigmented flat or macular lesions, less than or equal to 5 mm diameter on their face, who referred to hospital dermatology clinic for removal and received an interventional therapy with a radio‐wave surgery unit in the years 2018–2019 were retrospectively recruited. Besides the observation of scar formation and residual erythema, 3‐month recurrence rates were also analyzed.ResultsAt the end of 3 months, there was no scar on any lesion site. Mild erythema was detected on 15 lesion sites out of a total of 218 (6.9%).The total recurrence rate was 7.7%. The mean age of the patients with at least one recurrence was significantly greater than the patients with no recurrence, and the lesions greater than 3 mm were more prone to recur than the lesions less than or equal to 3 mm.ConclusionAlthough no method of lesion removal can warrant a scarless result without recurrence, for benign macular hyperpigmented lesions of the face up to 5 mm in diameter, radio‐wave surgery may be preferred due to both its minimal scar formation and recurrence rate, in addition to its cost‐effectiveness.
Trends in deprivation in hospitalisations of Indigenous children and young people in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Oben Glenda , Crengle Sue , Kokaua Jesse , Duncanson Mavis 
Published: April 2022

AimTo examine the 20‐year trends in socio‐economic inequities in hospitalisations of Māori and non‐Māori non‐Pacific (NMNP) under‐25‐year olds in Aotearoa New Zealand.MethodsHospital discharge data for Māori and NMNP taitamariki aged under‐25 years were extracted from the National Minimum Dataset for the period 2000–2019. Acute or arranged admissions to hospital were included where the primary diagnosis was for a medical condition. Age‐ and gender‐standardised rates (per 1000, 0–24‐year old) were calculated for both ethnic groups by area deprivation using the 2013 NZ census estimated resident population. For each ethnic group, inequity indices of socio‐economic deprivation (Slope Index of Inequality and Relative Index of Inequality) were computed, using regression modelling, to quantify inequity of medical condition‐related hospitalisations and its changes over time.ResultsHospitalisation rates for medical conditions were consistently higher for Māori than for NMNP under‐25‐year olds from 2000 to 2019. Māori taitamariki residing in the most deprived (quintile 5) areas were more likely than NMNP to be hospitalised for a medical condition at each time point. Deprivation inequities existed for both ethnic groups and were greater for Māori. Despite reducing deprivation inequities over time, ethnic differences persist on both absolute and relative scales.ConclusionDeprivation inequities in hospitalisation for medical conditions persist for Māori taitamariki compared with NMNP and highlights society's tolerance of enduring inequity in health outcomes.
Mechanical properties of gellan gum beads prepared with potassium or calcium ions
Authors: Vilela Joice Aline Pires , Bonsanto Fabiana Perrechil , Cunha Rosiane Lopes 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBiopolymer beads can be used as carrier and encapsulation system for a wide variety of materials in food, medical, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, agricultural, and environmental applications. Beads of low acyl gellan gum (0.4–1.2% w/w) were produced using extrusion technique (dripping) followed by an ionotropic gelation step with calcium or potassium chloride. In this methodology, gel formation is accomplished by cations diffusion at room temperature and, as a consequence, different structure and gel properties could be obtained. Gellan beads were subjected to uniaxial compression measurements. The force‐displacement curves showed that the occurrence of structural failure under tested conditions depended on beads formulation and was only observed at polysaccharide concentration above 0.8% (w/w). Maximum force or force at failure was mainly dependent on the type (monovalent or divalent cation) and salt concentration. Moreover, at fixed salt amounts, higher values of maximum force were reached using a concentration of 1% (w/w) gellan. Young modulus, determined using Hertz approach, showed values between 445 and 840 kPa depending on polysaccharide concentration and salt type added. Mechanical properties are critical features of gel beads and can define their suitability for a specific application. Therefore, the results obtained, mainly intrinsic properties such as Young modulus, could be a tool for comparing and choosing polysaccharides for specific uses.
A multicenter retrospective study assessing progression of biliary sludge in dogs using ultrasonography
Authors: Butler Thomas , Bexfield Nick , Dor Cecile , Fantaconi Nicoletta , Heinsoo Iris , Kelly Darren , Kent Andrew , Pack Matthew , Spence Susanna J. , Ward Patricia M. , Watson Penny , McCallum Katie E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundBiliary sludge (BS) frequently is identified on ultrasonographic examination and is described as incidental. It is hypothesized that biliary stasis and hypersecretion play a role in both BS and gallbladder mucocele (GBM) formation. Recent studies have documented similarities in composition of BS and GBM, and there are several examples of progression from BS to GBM in the veterinary literature.ObjectivesTo assess the relationship between the presence of BS and later development of GBM in dogs, over time periods >12 months.AnimalsA total of 154 dogs with BS and ultrasonographic follow‐up >12 months.MethodsMedical records were retrospectively collected from 9 UK‐based referral centers for all available time points. A semiobjective scoring system was used to track volume of BS within the gall bladder (GB) over time.ResultsTwenty dogs developed GBM during the study period. Shetland Sheepdogs (odds ratio [OR], 40.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.61‐465.95; P = .003) and Border Terriers (OR, 11.66; 95% CI, 3.28‐46.63; P < .001) were independent risk factors for the development of GBM. Non–gravity‐dependent BS (NDBS) was noted to form before GBM development in 9/20 dogs, and breeds at‐risk for GBM were more likely to have NDBS. Odds for the development of GBM increased with BS score.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDogs with NDBS may be at risk for the development of GBM and a stratified BS scoring system could allow for semiobjective monitoring over time, particularly in at‐risk breeds.
Wind impairs pit trap construction and hunting success in a pit‐building predator
Authors: Miler K. , Scharf I. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAnimals require a set of abiotic conditions to survive and reproduce. When one of these requirements is not met, the animal's performance is impaired. The most often studied abiotic factor is temperature but less is known on other such factors. We examined, here, the effect of wind on the hunting performance of pit‐building predators, insect larvae that dig pit traps in loose soil to hunt arthropod prey. We used wormlions (Diptera: Vermileonidae) as a case study. Pit‐building predators depend on their immediate environment for efficient pit construction and maintenance. For example, they require dry suitable substrate (loose soil) comprised of particles of a specific size range. Because wind blows loose soil and impairs pit construction and maintenance, we expected strong negative effects of wind on pit design and hunting success. Wind destroyed both artificial pit traps and wormlion‐dug pits by moving sand into the pits and reducing their slopes—an important parameter of pits in terms of prey capture. Wormlions also attempted less frequently to attack the prey when the wind was blowing compared to the control and, among the wormlions responding, such response took place later, allowing the prey to escape. We expected wormlions to relocate away when exposed to the wind, but this did not hold true. This result is in line with the generally low relocation rate in wormlions. We suggest that wind has strong negative effects on the performance of pit builders in nature. Sites that provide at least partial protection from wind should be preferred for pit establishment.
Microbial diversity and composition in acidic sediments of freshwater finfish culture ponds fed with two types of feed: a metagenomic approach
Authors: Kusunur A.B. , Velayudhan L.K. , Vaiyapuri M. , Gaurav R. , Tripathi G. , Kurcheti P.P. , Badireddy M.R. , Joseph T.C. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Microbial community profile associated with acidic pond sediments (APS) (pH = 3·0–4·5) of freshwater finfish aquaculture ponds (n = 8) was investigated. Sediment DNA extracted from the eight APS were subjected to high-throughput sequencing of V3 and V4 regions which yielded 7236 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at a similarity of 97%. Overall results showed higher proportion of bacterial OTUs than archaeal OTUs in all the APS. Euryarchaeota (23%), Proteobacteria (19%), Chloroflexi (17%), Crenarchaeota (5·3%), Bacteroidetes (4·8%), Nitrospirae (3·2%), Nanoarchaeaeota (3%) which together constituted 75% of the microbial diversity. At the genus level, there was high preponderance of methanogens namely Methanolinea (5·4%), Methanosaeta (4·5%) and methanotrops, Bathyarchaeota (5%) in APS. Moreover, the abundant phyla in the APS were not drastically affected by the administration of chicken slaughter waste (R-group ponds) and commercial fish feed (C-group ponds), since 67% of the OTUs generated remained common in the APS of both the groups of ponds. There was a minimal difference of 24–26% of OTUs between C-group and R-group ponds, suggesting the existence of a core microbial community in these ponds driven by acidic pH over the years. This study concludes that microbial diversity in pond sediment was influenced to a lesser extent by the addition of chicken slaughter waste but was majorly driven by acidic nature of the pond.
Correlation between the salivary microbiology and H2S concentration of the oral cavity
Authors: Jiang Jiarui , Huang Yufen , Luo Na , Mi Qili , Li Xuemei , Zhang Wei , Sun Silong , Zhu Baokun , Gao Qian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundHydrogen sulfide (H2S) is the most important compound causing oral malodor, and its concentration is thought to be closely correlated with oral microorganism activity. Therefore, clarifying the correlation between oral microbes and metabolites is important.MethodsThis study tested with 16S rRNA gene amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing of oral microorganisms and oral malodor tests.ResultsThere were different of the microbial taxa between the low and high H2S groups. And in the high H2S group, most of the enriched taxa were genera which abundance was correlated with H2S concentration. Fusobacterium periodonticum and Prevotella nanceiensis were significantly different in coverage breadth and depth and in LPS biosynthesis contributions between the two groups. The contribution of F. periodonticum to sulfur metabolism was significantly different between the two groups, and the relative F. periodonticum abundance was higher in the high H2S group.ConclusionsThe H2S content is significantly associated with the oral cavity microorganism composition and abundance. Most microorganisms enriched in people with high H2S levels are associated with oral diseases such as caries and periodontal diseases.
Assessment of the left ventricular volume of tetralogy of Fallot by electrocardiogram
Authors: Kawai Shun , Wakamiya Takuya , Ichikawa Yasuhiro , Ono Shin , Kim Ki‐Song , Yanagi Sadamitsu , Ueda Hideaki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundSufficient left ventricular volume is required for patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) who are going to have biventricular repair. In this study, we investigated the utility of the electrocardiogram to evaluate left ventricular volume in patients with TOF.MethodPatients whose left ventricular (LV) end‐diastolic volume was lower than 80% of normal were defined as having a small LV. Seven patients with TOF who had to undergo Blalock–Taussig shunt surgery because of a small LV were assigned to group S. Twenty patients with TOF who had sufficient LV volume were assigned to group G. The amplitudes of the Q wave of V5–7 leads (QV5–QV7), the S wave of V1 lead, and the R wave of the II, III, aVf, and V5–7 leads of the electrocardiogram were evaluated.ResultsThe amplitude of QV5 was 0 mV in all cases in group S, which was significantly smaller than that in group G (0 vs 0.01 mV, P = 0.028). The frequency of absent QV5 was significantly higher in group S than in group G (100% vs 50%, P = 0.026). Absent QV5 showed 100% sensitivity, 50% specificity, and a negative predictive value of 100% for a small LV.ConclusionsIn TOF, the amplitude of the septal Q wave reflects LV volume. In particular, the absence of QV5 suggests a small LV end‐diastolic volume, which is lower than 80% of normal.