bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring zero water level in stream reaches: A comparison of an image‐based versus a conventional method
Authors: Herzog Amelie , Stahl Kerstin , Blauhut Veit , Weiler Markus 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA limited number of gauging stations, especially for nested catchments, hampers a process understanding of the interaction between streamflow, groundwater and water usage during drought. Non‐commercial measurement devices can help overcome this lack of monitoring, but they need to be thoroughly tested. The Dreisam River in the South‐West of Germany was affected by several hydrological drought events from 2015 to 2020 during which parts of the main stream and tributaries fell dry. Therefore it provided a useful case study area for a flexible longitudinal water quality and quantity monitoring network. Among other measurements the setup employs an image‐based method with QR codes as fiducial marker. In order to assess under which conditions the QR‐code based water level loggers (WLL) deliver data according to scientific standards, we compared its performance to conventional capacitive based WLL. The results from 20 monitoring stations reveal that the riverbed was dry for >50% at several locations and even for >70% at most severely affected locations during July and August 2020, with the north western parts of the catchment being especially concerned. Highly variable longitudinal drying patterns of the stream reaches emerged from the monitoring. The image‐based method was found valuable for identification and validation of zero level occurrences. Nevertheless, a simple image processing approach (based on an automatic thresholding algorithm) did not compensate for errors due to natural conditions and technical setup. Our findings highlight that the complexity of measurement environments is a major challenge when working with image‐based methods.
The alternative 3′ splice site of GPNMB may promote neuronal survival after neonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy injury
Authors: Chen Guo‐Jiao , Yan Shan‐Shan , Zhang Jing‐Han , Zhang Ji , Deng Isaac Bul , He Rong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to decipher the effect of glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) on neonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) and its potential molecular mechanism. The hypoxic–ischemic (HI) model was established in 7‐day‐old rats, and then, Zea‐Longa scores and Nissl staining were performed to measure brain damage post‐HI. In addition, gene sequencing was used to detect the differential expression genes (DEGs), and then, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases were used to determine the function of DEGs. Furthermore, an oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) model was developed in SY5Y cells and human fetal neurons, and then, the level of GPNMB was verified by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium and cell counting kit‐8 assays were applied after GPNMB interference. Finally, the alternative splicing of GPNMB expression was analyzed using Splice Grapher software. The results indicated that HI induced marked neurological impairment and neuron injury in rats. Also, GPNMB was the most obviously upregulated gene in DEGs. Additionally, GPNMB was upregulated significantly in SY5Y and fetal neurons after OGD, and GPNMB‐si promoted an increase in cell viability and number. Moreover, we found that the GPNMB alternative splicing type was the Alternative 3′ splice site, with the alternative splicing site in 143382985:143404102. Herein, GPNMB promotes a crucial regulatory mechanism with alternative splicing for neuronal survival after NHIE.
Trade credit and corporate growth
Authors: Tingbani Ishmael , Afrifa Godfred Adjapong , Tauringana Venancio , Ntim Collins 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhile the underlying causal linkage between trade credit and corporate growth has mainly been explored, the primary factors that channel the relationship are limited. This article hypothesises a nonlinear relationship between trade credit and corporate growth due to the existing theoretical arguments on the benefit and cost of using suppliers' credit by corporations to enhance growth. Based on a panel of 23,023 non‐financial companies from the United Kingdom over a 10‐year period, evidence from this study reveals a nonlinear (concave) relation between trade credit and corporate growth: positive for low trade credit received and negative for high credit received. We also find trade credit to be sensitive to financial crisis, financial constraints and growth strategy. The predictability is stronger during a financial crisis, among financially constrained corporations and corporations pursuing an aggressive growth strategy. We also find growth to be higher in firms that move closer to achieving an optimal credit level. This relationship holds for both the above‐ and below‐optimal deviations. These findings have implications for a more balanced and nuanced view of trade credit management.
Automatic detection of three cell types in a microscope image based on deep learning
Authors: Li Dazhou , Zhang Yike , Zhou Bo , Gao Wei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWith the continuous integration of deep learning and the technique of molecular biology, target detection models must accurately detect the position of each cell in the image and classify it correctly. We present a model for the multi‐scale feature fusion of the existing human cell image dataset based on Gaussian mixedly clustering. First, a novel feature extraction network for extracting preliminary features at picture multi scales was presented, which was based on a residual neural network with Instance Normalization and a Mish activation function. Second, the presented model adopts the idea of feature fusion and introduced a new type of feature fusion network to integrate feature graphs on different scales. Furthermore, a Gaussian hybrid clustering algorithm was proposed to cluster the hyperparameters. Based on the experimental results, the average accuracy of the proposed model in the human cell image dataset exceeds 0.96, which improves by 11.9% compared with the existing target detection methods in the same field. Experiments show that the proposed model had been adapted to datasets with uneven sample distribution, providing new ideas for research on medical images.
Porous Mg‐stabilized amorphous calcium carbonate as carrier for hydrophobic drugs
Authors: Liu Yi‐Ju , Li Shu‐Li , Chen Bryan Po‐Wen , Chien Ching‐Lun , Chan Jerry Chun Chung 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this work, we demonstrate that porous MgACC microspheres could be prepared in liposome solution containing zwitterionic and anionic lipids. We find that the lipid molecules incorporated into MgACC could be as high as 10 mass%. Because hydrophobic drugs are lipophilic, the porous MgACC has been exploited as the carriers of hydrophobic drugs. Using lecithin as the source of lipids and N‐(rhodamine‐6G)lactam‐ethylenediamine (R6GNCCN) as the model of hydrophobic drugs, the optimal loading capacity was found to be ca. 1.4 mass%. The release of R6GNCCN to a phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 was over 90% within 5 hr. The drug release profile could be attenuated by encapsulating the MgACC core by a CaP shell.
The role of Th9 CD4+ T cells and IL‐9 during primary Sjogren's syndrome
Authors: Yang Jie , Su Juan , Chai Kexia , Liu Huihui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to investigate the expression levels of Th9 CD4+ T cells and IL‐9 secretion in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome. Further, this study aimed to investigate the role of Th9 cells in the occurrence and development of pSS.MethodsA total of 20 pSS patients and 20 healthy people, matched with age and gender, were selected as the experimental and control group, respectively. Flow cytometry and ELISA were used to detect the expression of Th9 cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and IL‐9 in serum, respectively. These factors were then correlated to other clinical indicators.ResultsThe levels of Th9 CD4+ T cells and IL‐9 of pSS patients were significantly higher than those of the control group. Th9 CD4+ T cells and IL‐9 levels in peripheral blood of pSS patients were negatively correlated with salivary flow rate, while IL‐9 level was positively correlated with globulin. The transcription levels of IL‐9 and immune‐related genes including IL‐4, IL‐7, IL‐17, SMAD3, STAT5 and JAK3 were dramatically increased in serum of pSS patients.ConclusionThe expression levels of Th9 in peripheral blood and serum IL‐9 of patients with pSS were significantly increased, which were correlated with clinical immunological indexes. Together, these data suggest that Th9 cells and IL‐9 may be involved in the pathogenesis of pSS.
The settler colonial roots and neoliberal afterlife of Problem Behavior Theory
Authors: Di Castri Theo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractProblem Behavior Theory (PBT) is an influential psychosocial theory that has shaped—and continues to shape—much research on adolescent development in the United States and abroad. It is the product of over a half‐century of research conducted by psychologists‐cum‐behavioral scientists Lee and Richard Jessor. This article engages two striking features of the history of PBT. First, it tracks how, and to what effect, a theory elaborated to explain the so‐called “deviant behavior” of a group of Native Americans was extended to explain the “problem behavior” of white, middle‐class, settler youth, before coming to circulate as a universal theory of adolescent behavior. Second, it explores how a theory that was meant to explain individual behaviors by connecting them to their larger social contexts came to be embraced by researchers who have been criticized for doing precisely the opposite. To do so, this article draws from Indigenous and Settler Colonial Studies scholarship and sheds light on how the logics of settler colonialism and neoliberalism have participated in the coproduction of PBT and its reception.
Socio‐economic impact of China's infrastructure‐led growth model in Africa: A case study of the Kenyan Standard Gauge Railway
Authors: Zhu Keren , Mwangi Ben , Hu Lynn 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe assessed the perceived socio‐economic impact of the Kenyan Standard Gauge Railway (SGR), using an original survey with 132 experts and interviews with 91 community residents across five cities and towns. We found that local and international stakeholders prioritize socio‐economic impacts over other impact domains, while there remain local tensions between economic growth and environmental conservation. SGR significantly helped tourism and moderately enhanced employment, with winners and losers divided by business sizes, sectors and locations. To maximize positive impact, China's infrastructure‐led model may benefit from integrating physical infrastructure with supporting services and facilities to promote more equitable growth worldwide.
Rapid quantitative monitoring of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein‐mediated syncytia formation using split NanoLuc
Authors: Wang Hongliang , Guo Shangrui , Yang Hang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 infection causes syncytial pneumocyte in patients and this has been considered as a defining feature of severe COVID‐19 cases. Traditional methods of syncytia quantification require the morphology characterization of fused cells either with light microscope or fluorescent microscope, which is time‐consuming and not accurate. Here we developed a rapid and sensitive coculture system measuring spike‐induced syncytia by using NanoLuc complementation system. We found the formation of syncytia occurred rapidly after ACE2‐expressing cells exposure to spike protein. In addition, we found furin cleavage as well as the cell surface protease TMPRSS2 enhanced syncytia formation. Finally, we showed that this coculture system can be used to test the ability of different compound to inhibit syncytia formation, thus providing a useful tool to screen anti‐syncytial drugs.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Structural Anomaly Among Singletons and Twins
Authors: Ting Yuan , Ting Zhang , Fei Zhao , Chun‐Fang Li , Zhen Han 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesThis study was designed to reveal structural abnormalities in singleton and twin pregnancies in the Chinese population.MethodsThis retrospective study spanned 8 years and included 1228 singleton pregnancies (112,919 examinees) and 49 twin pregnancies (1865 examinees) with structural anomalies diagnosed by ultrasound. Detailed descriptions of anomalies, gestational weeks at diagnosis, and maternal age were recorded. The odds ratio was evaluated in twin pregnancies with detectable structural anomalies.ResultsThe annual average “ultrasound prevalence of fetal anomalies” among singleton and twin pregnancies were 1.09 and 3.06%, respectively. Mothers with twin anomalies were older (P < .001), and twin pregnancies were diagnosed with anomalies in earlier gestational weeks than singleton (P = .011). No differences were found in the types of anomalies between singleton and twin pregnancies. Central nervous system anomaly was the most common type in singleton and twin pregnancies. Twin pregnancies had higher rates of major anomalies than singleton (total OR 2.45), especially cardiovascular, central nervous, and gastrointestinal systems and ear/eye/face/neck disorders.ConclusionsCompared with singleton, twin pregnancies had higher odds of detectable structural anomalies. Twin pregnancies with structural anomalies were diagnosed at earlier gestational age and associated with older maternal age. Central nervous system anomaly was the most common type in singleton and twin pregnancies.
Simulation of laryngotracheal reconstruction with 3D‐printed models and porcine cadaveric models
Authors: Falls Megan , Vincze Jonathan , Brown Joshua , Witsberger Chelsey , Discolo Christopher , Partain Matthew , Rosen Philip , Ting Jonathan , Zopf David 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesLaryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR) is a complex operation used to treat subglottic stenosis. The use of simulator models is a valuable tool in surgical trainee education, particularly for operations such as LTR that are less common outside high‐volume centers. Three‐dimensional (3D) printing of the human airway may provide an effective and more accessible alternative to porcine cadaveric models. The objective of this study is to compare the educational value of a 3D‐printed model and a porcine cadaveric model as LTR simulation methods.MethodsSimulated LTR procedures were completed by 12 otolaryngology residents and a faculty physician on the cadaveric model and the 3D‐printed simulator model. Both models were evaluated by fellowship‐trained pediatric otolaryngologists to establish construct validity. Pre‐procedure surveys of participants evaluated confidence and attitude toward models and post‐procedure surveys evaluated confidence, overall impressions, relevance, content validity, and face validity.ResultsParticipants reported a similar mean increase in confidence after performing LTR on the 3D‐printed model (14%) and cadaveric model (11%). Participants rated both models similarly for utility as an overall training tool and in teaching surgical planning and improving operative techniques. However, participants found the 3D‐printed model more useful for teaching anatomy (p = .047).Conclusion3D‐printed models have practical benefits over cadaveric models; they do not decompose and can be custom made to model a disease state such as subglottic stenosis. Participants reported a similar mean increase in confidence after using either simulation. The 3D‐printed model is a promising simulation candidate as it compares well to an animal model and has the advantage of being more anatomically true to pediatric patients.Level of Evidence: Level 2.
A Novel Strategy to Enhance the Electrochemical Performance of Polypyrrole‐Coated Paper‐Based Supercapacitor
Authors: Xiong Zihang , Fang Zhiqiang , Ding Zixian , Li Guanhui , Zhou Jie , Chen Kaihuang , Yang Dongjie , Qiu Xueqing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA novel strategy is proposed to enhance the electrochemical performance of polypyrrole (PPy)‐coated cellulose paper (PCP)‐based supercapacitor by increasing the reaction interface between hydrophobic pyrrole and hydrophilic FeCl3 solution. Paper is pretreated with regenerated cellulose (RC) to increase its specific surface area, which lays the foundation for increasing the reaction interface between pyrrole and FeCl3 in the following in situ polymerization while providing more adsorption sites for PPy. The RC‐pretreated paper is first impregnated with pyrrole, followed by removing surplus pyrrole occupied by the internal pores of paper prior to the impregnation of FeCl3 solution, aiming to increase the reaction interface between pyrrole and FeCl3 solution. Consequently, the as‐prepared PCP electrode exhibits a PPy loading of 4.2 mg cm−2, which is twofold higher than unpretreated PCP electrodes (2 mg cm−2). Moreover, a solid‐state supercapacitor assembled with PCP electrodes presents a 58 mF cm−2 areal capacitance at 2 mA cm−2 (equivalent to 140.5 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1), a 33.1 µWh cm−2 energy density at a power density of 0.60 mW cm−2, and excellent cycling stability with a capacitance retention of 91.6% after 10 000 CV cycles. This work offers a new insight toward improving the electrochemical performance of PCP‐based supercapacitor.
Suicide resilience, identity crisis and quality of life in burned adolescents
Authors: Mohammadi Fateme , Oshvandi Khodayar , Borzou Seyed Reza , Khodaveisi Masood , Khazaei Salman , Shokouhi Mohammad Reza , Nouri Fatemeh , Taheri Mohammad , Kalbasi Majid 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between identity crisis and suicide resilience and quality of life in adolescents with burns in Iranian society.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsFour hundred thirty adolescents with burn in three hospitals were selected via convenience sampling. They completed questionnaires online. Data were analysed by SPSS software version 22.ResultsFindings showed a strong and inverse correlation between identity crisis with suicide resilience (r = −.92, p < .001) and quality of life (r = −.87, p < .001). Variables of suicide resilience, being a child of a divorced family, cause of burns, extent of burn, financial situation, gender and age can predict 68.74% of the variance in identity crisis in these patients.Patient or Public ContributionAdolescents with burns suffer from an identity crisis, and although they report high resilience to suicide, they have a mediocre quality of life. Therefore, it is suggested that basic planning and extensive support be taken to improve physical and mental health, promote the quality of life and consequently reduce the identity crisis in these adolescents.
Head injuries by firearms and sharp weapons in the Battle of San Martino (1859, Italy)
Authors: Minozzi Simona , Ghiroldi Valentina , Fornaciari Gino 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe research was focused on the study of weapon‐related traumas in the skeletal remains of the soldiers who died in the Battle of San Martino (Italy, 1859). These remains are housed in the monumental ossuary of San Martino. The examination of 817 skulls revealed traces of injuries in 90 skulls, selected and submitted to anthropological studies. The aim of this work was to study the head injuries attributable to firearms and blade weapons in relation to the armaments and the military tactics used in that period.The shape, size, and features of the wounds were macroscopically examined to characterize the lesions. As regards the ballistic traumas, the caliber, the trajectory of the projectiles, and the kind of artillery were based on the diameter and localization of the entry and of the exit holes in the skulls. The sharp force traumas were identified as linear‐edge cuts or pointed lesions. The results evidenced different types of perimortem injuries, principally caused by firearms (79%) with projectiles of different calibers, mostly ranging between 14 and 18 mm. Sharp force injuries probably caused by bayonets and sabers had affected 17.8% of the skulls. The remnant 2.2% of the examined skulls presented only antemortem lesions. Moreover, seven other skulls showed healed lesions, in some cases surgically treated, testifying a rather intense war period, and the capacity of the soldiers to survive even severe injuries. The higher prevalence of gunshot wounds with respect to sharp force traumas is consistent with the military tactics and with the weapons used in that period: hand‐to‐hand combat was restricted and bayonet assault was unsuccessful compared to the use of efficient ranged weapons. This research presents important information on war‐related traumas, ballistic wounds and sharp force injuries of the armaments, and the military tactics of the mid‐19th century.
R‐spondin‐3 is an oncogenic driver of poorly differentiated invasive breast cancer
Authors: ter Steege Eline J , Boer Mandy , Timmer Nikki C , Ammerlaan Carola ME , Song Ji‐Ying , Derksen Patrick WB , Hilkens John , Bakker Elvira RM 
Published: August 2022

AbstractR‐spondins (RSPOs) are influential signaling molecules that promote the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway and self‐renewal of stem cells. Currently, RSPOs are emerging as clinically relevant oncogenes, being linked to cancer development in multiple organs. Although this has instigated the rapid development and testing of therapeutic antibodies targeting RSPOs, functional evidence that RSPO causally drives cancer has focused primarily on the intestinal tract. Here, we assess the oncogenic capacity of RSPO in breast cancer in a direct fashion by generating and characterizing a novel mouse model with conditional Rspo3 expression in the mammary gland. We also address the prevalence of RSPO gene alterations in breast cancer patients. We found that a quarter of breast cancer patients harbor RSPO2/RSPO3 copy number amplifications, which are associated with lack of steroid hormone receptor expression and reduced patient survival. Foremost, we demonstrate the causal oncogenic capacity of RSPO3 in the breast, as conditional Rspo3 overexpression consistently drives the development of mammary adenocarcinomas in our novel Rspo3 breast cancer model. RSPO3‐driven mammary tumors typically show poor differentiation, areas of epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition, and metastatic potential. Given the reported interplay in the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, we comparatively analyzed RSPO3‐driven mouse mammary tumors versus classical WNT1‐driven analogues. This revealed that RSPO3‐driven tumors are distinct, as the poorly differentiated tumor morphology and metastatic potential were observed in RSPO3‐driven tumorigenesis exclusively, further substantiated by differentiating gene expression profiles. Co‐expression of Rspo3 and Wnt1 transduced mammary tumors with a mixed phenotype harboring morphological features characteristic of both transgenes. In summary, we report that a quarter of breast cancer patients harbor RSPO2/RSPO3 copy number gains, and these patients have a worse prognosis, whilst providing in vivo evidence that RSPO3 drives poorly differentiated invasive breast cancer in mice. Herewith, we establish RSPO3 as a driver of breast cancer with clinical relevance, proposing RSPO3 as a novel candidate target for therapy in breast cancer. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.