bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Black hole mass and spin measurements through the relativistic precession model: XTE J1859+226
Authors: Motta S E , Belloni T , Stella L , Pappas G , Casares J , Muñoz-Darias A T , Torres M A P , Yanes-Rizo I V 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
The X-ray light curves of accreting black holes and neutron stars in binary systems show various types of quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs), the origin of which is still debated. The relativistic precession model identifies the QPO frequencies with fundamental time-scales from General Relativity, and has been proposed as a possible explanation of certain types of such oscillations. Under specific conditions (i.e. the detection of a particular QPOs triplet) such a model can be used to obtain self-consistent measurements of the mass and spin of the compact object. So far this has been possible only in the black hole binary GRO J1655-40. In the RXTE/PCA data from the 1999–2000 outburst of the black hole transient XTE J1859+226 we found a QPO triplet, and used the relativistic precession model to obtain high-precision measurements of the black hole mass and spin – M = (7.85 ± 0.46) M⊙, a* = 0.149 ± 0.005 – the former being consistent with the most recent dynamical mass determination from optical measurements. Similarly to what has been already observed in other black hole systems, the frequencies of the QPOs and broad-band noise components match the general relativistic frequencies of particle motion close to the compact object predicted by the model. Our findings confirm previous results and further support the validity of the relativistic precession model, which is the only electromagnetic-measurement-based method that so far has consistently yielded spins close to those from the gravitational waves produced by merging binary black holes.
Comparison of clinical and radiographic results of mobile-bearing total ankle arthroplasty between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Tada Masahiro , Inui Kentaro , Okano Tadashi , Koike Tatsuya 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives
Clinical results of mobile-bearing total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been reported, but no studies have compared osteoarthritis (OA) and RA. Clinical and radiographic outcomes after at least 3 years were compared between OA and RA.

Methods
Eleven ankles with OA and 22 ankles with RA were followed after mobile-bearing TAA (FINE total ankle system). Clinical outcomes were assessed by the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score. Radiographic outcomes were evaluated by the angular position of the implant, radiolucent lines, migration, and subsidence. Operative and postoperative complications were assessed.

Results
There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes, radiographic outcomes, or complications, except the final follow-up AOFAS total score (OA: 89.4 vs RA: 78.2; p = .044) and pain score (OA: 37.3 vs RA: 30.5; p = .041) at a mean follow-up of 83.4 months. Delayed wound healing occurred in 9.1% in RA and none in OA. Radiolucent lines were observed in 45% of both groups, and implant removal was performed in 9.1% and 18.2% of OA and RA, respectively; there were no significant differences.

Conclusions
The final follow-up AOFAS total score and pain score were significantly higher in OA after the FINE total ankle system. There was a discrepancy between radiographic abnormalities and implant removal in both OA and RA.
Chemoprophylaxis against Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in Japanese patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis: An observational study
Authors: Nakaya Izaya , Sada Ken-ei , Harigai Masayoshi , Soma Jun , Amano Koichi , Dobashi Hiroaki , Atsumi Tatsuya , Yuzawa Yukio , Fujimoto Shouichi , Sugihara Takahiko , Takasaki Yoshinari , Arimura Yoshihiro , Makino Hirofumi 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives
This study investigated the current practice of prophylactic treatment against Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) and its effectiveness in patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV).

Methods
This study included 319 patients registered from 53 institutions in Japan and newly diagnosed with AAV. During the 2-year observation period, we examined the frequency of usage, effectiveness and safety of prophylactic drugs against PCP.

Results
Most patients received prophylactic drugs against PCP with the initiation of immunosuppressive agents, and &gt;50% of them remained on chemoprophylaxis against PCP at 2 years after. The initial daily dose of oral prednisolone and the proportion of cyclophosphamide administration were higher in patients who received chemoprophylaxis against PCP than in those who did not. PCP occurred in nine patients (3%) and resulted in the death of four. The incidence rate of PCP in patients who received chemoprophylaxis was 1.13/100 patient-years (95% confidence interval, 0.38–2.68) and that in those who did not was 2.74 (1.04–6.02). The incidence rate ratio was 0.41 (0.11–1.53).

Conclusions
The markedly low incidence of PCP may be attributed to the continuous chemoprophylaxis against PCP received by &gt;50% of Japanese patients with AAV, although the effectiveness of chemoprophylaxis against PCP was not statistically confirmed.
Rheumatoid factor value for determining the first biologic agent to use for non-systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Yamasaki Yuichi , Nakamura Aki , Kubota Tomohiro , Mitsunobu Takuro , Moriyama Mizuki , Takei Syuji , Okamoto Yasuhiro 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives
Currently, no indicators on which biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) should be used first for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) have been established. Thus, this study aimed to determine the useful biomarkers in JIA to enable the best selection of the first bDMARDs without primary failure.

Methods
This retrospective study used data of patients examined for JIA between 2015 and 2021 at Kagoshima University Hospital in Japan.

Results
Altogether, 67 cases of non-systemic JIA were analyzed, excluding cases that had been treated for &lt;6 months. Of the 67 cases, 52 were treated with bDMARDs and all rheumatoid factor (RF)+ types (32 cases) were treated with bDMARDs. Eleven cases (31.4&) (all were RF+ types and used anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α agents) switched to other bDMARDs because of primary failure, and nine cases had secondary failure (6;anti-TNF, 3;anti-Interleukin-6). A significant difference in pre-treatment RF values (177.9 vs 25.7 IU/ml, p = 0.002) and presence (Odds Ratio 1.952,p = 0.004) were observed between the primary failure group and effective group.

Conclusions
RF+ JIA required bDMARDs with high probability. JIA with high titre of RF tends to be refractory to anti-TNFα agents. Tocilizumab or abatacept could be a first-choice bDMARD in such cases.
Appropriate Antibiotic Use for Group B Streptococcus Prophylaxis Among Penicillin-Allergic Patients in Academic and Nonacademic Hospitals
Authors: Pineles Beth L , Goodman Katherine E , Pineles Lisa , Harris Anthony D 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study estimated prophylactic antibiotic usage rates for the prevention of early-onset invasive neonatal group B Streptococcus infection among patients with penicillin allergy. Undertreatment (no antibiotics, underuse of cefazolin, overuse of clindamycin inconsistent with resistance patterns) and overtreatment (vancomycin use) were common. Academic hospitals were marginally more adherent to guidelines than nonacademic hospitals.
The Sociology of Science in Africa
Authors: Boshoff Nelius , Mouton Johann , Ngwenya Similo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses four themes in the sociology of science that are peculiar to the African science landscape. The themes relate to the decline and subsequent revival of African science, trends in African scientific production, challenges in local and international funding of science in Africa, and the dynamics of different forms of research collaboration on the continent. The first theme provides context for the other themes, with emphasis on the fact that African science is in the process of reviving itself. There are new funding commitments, continent-wide flagship research programs mapped out for development goals, and renewed efforts at institutional building through the establishment of centers of excellence, all with international support. From a study perspective, bibliometric and scientometric studies are currently the primary sources of information on the state of science in Africa. A case can be made for more in-depth, microlevel sociological studies of scientific communities, cultures, and practices on the continent.
Three-dimensional nanoscale analysis of light-dependent organelle changes inArabidopsismesophyll cells
Authors: Midorikawa Keiko , Tateishi Ayaka , Toyooka Kiminori , Sato Mayuko , Imai Takuto , Kodama Yutaka , Numata Keiji 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDifferent organelles function coordinately in numerous intracellular processes. Photorespiration incidental to photosynthetic carbon fixation is organized across three subcellular compartments: chloroplasts, peroxisomes, and mitochondria. Under light conditions, these three organelles often form a ternary organellar complex in close proximity, suggesting a connection with metabolism during photorespiration. However, due to the heterogeneity of intercellular organelle localization and morphology, organelles' responses to changes in the external environment remain poorly understood. Here, we used array tomography by field emission scanning electron microscopy to image organelles inside the whole plant cell at nanometer resolution, generating a three-dimensional (3D) spatial map of the light-dependent positioning of chloroplasts, peroxisomes, nuclei, and vacuoles. Our results show, in light-treated cells, the volume of peroxisomes increased, and mitochondria were simplified. In addition, the population of free organelles decreased, and the ternary complex centered on chloroplasts increased. Moreover, our results emphasized the expansion of the proximity area rather than the increase in the number of proximity sites interorganelles. All of these phenomena were quantified for the first time on the basis of nanoscale spatial maps. In summary, we provide the first 3D reconstruction of Arabidopsis mesophyll cells, together with nanoscale quantified organelle morphology and their positioning via proximity areas, and then evidence of their light-dependent changes.
Special tactical police’ experience and perception of their use of force: Evidence from the Chinese SWAT police
Authors: Liu Lu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Despite an increasing amount of literature on police use of force, special tactical police—the specialists in the infliction of force within police forces—remains understudied, especially outside of the English-speaking world. Based on 23 semi-structured interviews and 22 days of ethnographic observation, this exploratory study aims to understand how special tactical police officers in China experience and perceive their own use of force. What are the common situations giving rise to their use of force and how do they process the moral repugnance of having to inflict force on people? Amongst others, this study found that moral ambivalence is not uncommon, especially among those routinely deployed to crowd-control situations. Two ‘coping’ mechanisms were identified via which experienced officers managed to integrate conflicting moral perspectives: by holding up faith in the decision-making at higher levels and the ‘larger collective good’ served by their use of force, or by dismissing their personal perspectives as irrelevant and ‘disengaged’ from the moral deliberation process. Implications were discussed.
Women with Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders After Menopause: A Vulnerable Group for Relapse
Authors: Sommer Iris E , Brand Bodyl A , Gangadin Shiral , Tanskanen Antti , Tiihonen Jari , Taipale Heidi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Throughout the life stages of women with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSD), lower estrogen levels are associated with more severe disease course. At perimenopause in the mid-forties, estrogen levels decline to remain persistently low after menopause. This period is hypothesized to increase relapse risk and reduce antipsychotic effectiveness in preventing relapse.

Study Design
The cohort of persons with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder was identified from Finnish nationwide registers (N = 61 889) and stratified by sex and age &lt;45 vs. ≥45 years. Hospitalizations for psychosis were defined per 5-year age group during the follow-up 1996–2017. Risk of psychosis hospitalization (Adjusted Hazard Ratio, aHR) was assessed using within-individual design, by comparing antipsychotic monotherapy use to nonuse periods in the same individuals for seven dose categories in defined daily doses (DDDs/day).

Results
Starting at age 45–50, women were consistently more often hospitalized for psychosis than their male peers. Women ≥45 had significantly higher aHRs than women &lt;45 at antipsychotic monotherapy &gt;0.6 DDDs/day, and than men at &gt;1.1 DDDs/day. This female-specific age-dependent decrease in effectiveness was present for clozapine doses &gt;0.6 DDDs/day, olanzapine doses &gt;1.4 DDDs/day, and for specific doses of quetiapine (0.9–1.1 DDDs/day) and risperidone (0.6–0.9 DDDs/day).

Conclusions
While younger women have a lower risk of relapse and generally need a lower antipsychotic dose to prevent rehospitalization than men, antipsychotic effectiveness declines in women after the age of 45. Starting in mid-forties, older women with SSD should be regarded as a vulnerable group that deserve special attention.
Random Skin Biopsy Is a Useful Procedure in the Evaluation of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Hegazy Shaymaa , Moesch John , Guerrero Angela , Ho Jonhan , Karunamurthy Arivarasan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare, life-threatening syndrome, characterized by aberrant activation of T lymphocytes and macrophages leading to hypercytokinemia. HLH can be familial or a result of various secondary etiologies. We present a case of a 46-year-old woman with a past medical history of multiple sclerosis on rituximab who presented as a transfer from an outside hospital with numerous clinical abnormalities including recurrent episodes of fever of unknown origin for 3 weeks, persistent leukocytosis, hypertriglyceridemia, and steatohepatitis. Given the uncertain nature of her illness, she underwent a random skin biopsy from the abdominal region to exclude hematolymphoid malignancy. Histopathology revealed a brisk histiocytic rich dermal infiltrate accompanied by perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate. The histiocytes were enlarged and positive for muraminadase and CD68 stains exhibiting hemophagocytosis focally. As per the HLH-2004 protocol, our patient met the diagnostic criteria of HLH. Concurrent bone marrow biopsy revealed similar rare hemophagocytosis. Cytogenetics and molecular studies were negative, supporting secondary HLH.
Intercostal Artery Perforator Flap for Salvage Breast Reconstruction with Exposed Breast Implants
Authors: Mesa Felipe , Mesa Sara , López Federico 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Multiple techniques have been described for breast reconstruction surgery after breast implant exposure; breast implant removal and delayed breast reconstruction is the procedure of choice. However, in some mild exposures and infections, we propose an alternative treatment.

Methods:
This is a case series of a 14-year study in 16 female patients with mild exposure of a breast implant after breast reconstruction surgery. Salvage surgery was performed on these cases. The defects were between 1 and 6 cm, with a median size of 3.9 × 2.9 cm. Eighteen intercostal artery perforator flaps were used with an island of skin from the inframammary fold; 83.3% were anterior intercostal artery perforator flaps‚ and 16.7% were lateral intercostal artery perforator flaps.

Results:
Thirteen of the 16 patients presented infection (81.25%). There was no necrosis of any flap, and the success rate of salvage surgery was 62.5% of all patients. The success of surgery was 53.8% in patients with breast infection and 100% in patients without infection. Seven patients received chemotherapy and radiotherapy, six received only chemotherapy, and nine patients received only radiotherapy. Five of the six patients whose salvage surgery failed were treated with radiotherapy.

Conclusion:
This technique can be used as an alternative when there is exposure of the implant‚ even in cases with a mild breast infection and in patients undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
A Successful Outcome after Lymphaticovenular Anastomosis Using a Contralateral Augmented Reality Mapping Technique in a Lymphedema Patient Secondary to a Mycobacterium abscessus Infection
Authors: Yodrabum Nutcha , Tianrungroj Jirapat 
Published: October 2022

Summary:
We report a case of extremity lymphedema after a Mycobacterium abscessus infection in a 43-year-old man with anti-interferon-γ autoantibody syndrome. Lymphaticovenular anastomosis was performed using the contralateral healthy or less severe limb as a mirror image to map the lymph vessels in the edematous limb. A satisfying outcome was provided after the surgery. No report of lymphedema caused by this condition has been previously reported in the literature.
Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in Corneal Tissue of Deceased Asymptomatic Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 Donors
Authors: Mahalingam Karthikeyan , Angmo Dewang , Kakkar Aanchal , Bafna Rahul Kumar , Sharma Tushar , Rai Aishwarya , Agrawal Sahil , Dar Lalit , Saxena Rohit , Titiyal Jeewan S. , Sharma Namrata 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to analyze the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the corneal tissue of asymptomatic deceased novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study performed at a tertiary eye hospital. All corneas of the deceased asymptomatic donors who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 on a nasopharyngeal swab at the time of corneal tissue harvesting were included in the study. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry were performed. mRNA in situ hybridization for SARS-CoV-2 was performed in all specimens that showed positive immunostaining. The main outcome measure was the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus in the corneal tissues.

Results:
Twenty-two corneal tissues of 11 donors were analyzed. The mean age was 72.2 ± 14.2 years. On histological examination, no signs of inflammation or any other abnormalities were detected in the cornea and adjacent bulbar conjunctiva. Immunohistochemistry revealed faint to moderate cytoplasmic staining in the basal layer of the corneal epithelium in 8 specimens from 5 patients. None of the specimens with positive immunostaining showed the presence of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA.

Conclusions:
In line with previous studies, our study also reflects the absence of SARS-CoV-2 viral mRNA in corneal tissues of clinically asymptomatic deceased COVID-19 donors, thereby indicating a probable low risk of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus through the transplantation of corneas from donors who tested positive for, but were asymptomatic for COVID-19. In addition, further studies on the subject should include histopathological examination because of the false positive and negative rates of molecular tests.
Clinical Registries in Dry Eye Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Khoo Pauline , Downie Laura E. , Stapleton Fiona , Rauz Saaeha , Daien Vincent , Arnalich Francisco , Mingo David , Watson Stephanie L. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
The objective of this study was to undertake a systematic review of the literature reporting on clinical registries in dry eye disease (DED).

Methods:
Electronic searches were conducted using systematic review methodology to provide an overview of clinical registries in ophthalmology and to identify clinical registries reporting on dry eye parameters. Two reviewers independently assessed titles and abstracts, then full-texts for eligibility.

Results:
A total of 129 clinical registries in ophthalmology were identified. The most common conditions captured were blindness or low vision, followed by glaucoma and corneal transplantation. Most of the registries originated in Europe (n = 56), followed by North America (n = 28). Of the registries identified, 12 were multinational, 59 were national, and 17 were regional. The second search identified 27 eligible articles, from which 8 clinical registries reporting on dry eye parameters were identified. One registry included patients with a diagnosis of dry eye. The remaining 7 registries included patients from a nationwide administrative ophthalmic database (n = 1), Sjögren syndrome (n = 4), glaucoma (n = 1), or were monozygotic and dizygotic twins (n = 1), who were evaluated for DED. Five of the registries were actively collecting data.

Conclusions:
Most of the registries identified in this review evaluated aqueous deficient dry eye; however, the most common type of dry eye in the general population is evaporative. Few registries also collected recommended dry eye clinical assessment. A well-designed clinical registry for DED that engages international eye care clinicians has the potential to vastly contribute to addressing pivotal gaps in understanding this highly prevalent disease.
Bilateral Corneal Neurotization for Ramos-Arroyo Syndrome and Developmental Neurotrophic Keratopathy: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Rowe Lucas W. , Berns Jessica , Boente Charline S. , Borschel Gregory H. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to report the use of bilateral corneal neurotization for neurotrophic keratitis in the setting of Ramos-Arroyo syndrome.

Methods:
The case report and surgical technique are described in detail in this article, as well as a review of the literature on corneal neurotization for congenital corneal anesthesia.

Results:
We report a 17-year-old patient who underwent bilateral corneal neurotization for neurotrophic keratitis secondary to corneal anesthesia in Ramos-Arroyo syndrome. Corneal neurotization was performed with great auricular nerve transfers extended by sural nerve autografts.

Conclusions:
We present the treatment of neurotrophic keratopathy with corneal neurotization in a patient with Ramos-Arroyo syndrome. We describe how bilateral corneal neurotization using the great auricular nerve technique is a safe and effective procedure for patients with congenital/developmental corneal anesthesia.