bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rutin‐activated adipose tissue thermogenesis is correlated with increased intestinal short‐chain fatty acid levels
Authors: Cheng Long , Shi Lu , He Changhao , Wang Chen , Lv Yinglan , Li Huimin , An Yongcheng , Dai Hongyu , Duan Yuhui , Zhang Huilin , Huang Yan , Fu Wanxin , Meng Yanyan , Zhao Baosheng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe activation of thermogenic programs in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) provides a promising approach to increasing energy expenditure during obesity and diabetes treatment. Although evidence has been found that rutin activates BAT against obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), its potential mechanism is not completely understood. In this study, we focused on the potential modulating effect of rutin on short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and the thermogenesis of BAT and WAT, aiming to elucidate the molecular mechanism of rutin in the treatment of obesity and T2DM. The results showed that rutin could significantly reduce the body weight and fasting blood glucose, inhibit fat accumulation, relieve hepatic steatosis and ameliorate the disorder of glycolipid metabolism in db/db mice. Moreover, rutin also increased the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) and other thermogenic genes and proteins in BAT and inguinal WAT (IWAT), indicating that rutin activated BAT and induced browning of IWAT. Importantly, rutin markedly enhanced the concentration of SCFAs (acetate, propionate and butyrate) and SCFA‐producing enzymes (acetate kinase (ACK), methylmalonyl‐CoA decarboxylase (MMD) and butyryl‐CoA (BUT)) in feces of db/db mice. In addition, rutin significantly increased the mRNA expression of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (Mct1), catabolic enzyme acyl‐CoA medium‐chain synthetase 3 (Acsm3), carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1α (Cpt‐1α) and Cpt‐1β genes in BAT and IWAT of db/db mice, which is conducive to inducing adipocyte thermogenesis. In summary, our findings revealed that rutin played a variety of regulatory roles in improving glucose and lipid metabolism disorders, reducing hepatic steatosis, inducing browning of IWAT and activating BAT, which has potential therapeutic significance for the treatment of obesity and T2DM. Mechanistically, rutin activates the thermogenesis of BAT and IWAT, which may be associated with increasing the concentration of SCFAs.
An integration of UPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS and chemometrics analysis for the holistic quality evaluation of different geographical Paederia scandens
Authors: Zhang Zhiyong , Peng Le , Chen Yuru , Zhang Kun , Chen Junhui , Li Zheng , Li Wenlong 
Published: April 2022

RationaleDue to the special geographical location and climate of China, there are large differences in the chemical composition and content of Paederia scandens (PS) from different origins, which will have a large impact on its efficacy.MethodsAn efficient quality control method for PS was established by combining ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analyses. First, a UPLC‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry system was employed to identify the chemical composition of PS from seven different origins. Then, the chemical variation in 73 batches of PS samples was subsequently investigated by quantitation of four marker compounds.ResultsA total of 15 common compounds were identified in the samples of PS from seven origins. And four of the marker compounds were chosen based on VIP values to characterize the differences between PS samples of different origins. The linearity ranged between 0.005 and 2.500 mg/mL; the correlation coefficients (r2) ranged from 0.999 to 1; the limits of detection ranged from 0.013 to 0.033 μg/mL; and the relative standard deviations for repeatability, precisions, and stabilities were below 0.2%, 1.6%, and 0.6%, respectively.ConclusionThe results show that the method can be effective and comprehensive in evaluating the quality of PS from different origins. And this comprehensive strategy proved to be a powerful technique used to differentiate between different geographical herbs.
Atomically Dispersed NiN3 Sites on Highly Defective Micro‐Mesoporous Carbon for Superior CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Fu Xianzhang , Zhang Pianpian , Sun Tingting , Xu Lianbin , Gong Lei , Chen Baotong , Xu Qingmei , Zheng Tianyu , Yu Zonghua , Chen Xin , Zhang Shaolong , Hou Minchen , Wang Hailong , Wang Kang , Jiang Jianzhuang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDirect electrochemical conversion of CO2 to CO product powered by renewable electricity is widely advocated as an emerging strategy for alleviating CO2 emissions while addressing global energy issues. However, the development of low‐cost and efficient electrocatalysts with high Faradaic efficiency for CO production (FECO) and high current density remains a grand challenge. Herein, a robust single nickel atomic site electrocatalyst, which features isolated and dense single atomic NiN3 sites anchored on highly defective hierarchically micro‐mesoporous carbon (Ni‐SAs/HMMNC‐800), to enable enhanced charge transport and more exposed active sites for catalyzing electrochemical CO2‐to‐CO conversion, is reported. The Ni‐SAs/HMMNC‐800 catalyst achieves excellent activity and selectivity with high FECO values of >90% throughout a wide potential range (the FECO reaches 99.5% at −0.7 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode) and a CO partial current density as high as 13.0 mA cm−2 at −0.7 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, as well as a far outstanding durability during long‐term continuous operation, indicating a superior CO2 electroreduction performance than that of other reference samples and most of previously reported carbon‐based single atom electrocatalysts. Experimental and density functional theory calculations reveal that atomic NiN3 coordination sites coupled adjacent defects are favorable to significantly enhancing the formation of COOH* reaction intermediates while suppressing the competing hydrogen evolution reaction, thereby enhancing the electrocatalytic activity for CO2‐to‐CO reduction. Notably, this work provides a valuable new prospect for designing and synthesizing efficient and cost‐effective single atom CO2 electroreduction catalysts for practical applications.
Advanced Current Collector Materials for High‐Performance Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Li Dongdong , Hu Henghui , Chen Bin , Lai Wen‐Yong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLithium metal, as the “Holy Grail” of lithium battery anodes, is promising to be used in the next‐generation of high‐energy‐density storage devices. However, serious safety risk and poor cycle performance are inevitable when bare lithium foil is used as the anode material, due to the uncontrolled growth of lithium dendrites, unstable solid electrolyte interface, and infinite volume expansion of lithium during cycling, which largely hinder the further commercial application of lithium metal batteries (LMBs). The utilization of up‐to‐date current collectors with specific composition and structure is believed to be effective to overcome these shortcomings. However, a systematic evaluation of the merit of different current collector materials for realizing high‐performance lithium metal anodes is still lacking. This review summarizes the fashionable advanced current collector materials for long‐life LMBs in recent years. The superiorities and related electrochemical performances by using these current collector materials are discussed in detail. It is expected that this review may promote the rational choice of appreciatory current collector materials with unique structure designs to extend the cycle life of lithium metal anodes for achieving the next‐generation of high‐energy‐density LMBs.
Novel Fluorite‐Structured Materials for Solid‐State Refrigeration
Authors: Ali Faizan , Abbas Akmal , Wu Guoyi , Daaim Muhammad , Akhtar Awais , Kim Ki‐Hyun , Yang Boxiong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRefrigeration based on the electrocaloric effect can offer many advantages over conventional cooling technologies in terms of efficiency, size, weight, and power source. The discovery of ferroelectric and antiferroelectric properties in fluorite‐based materials in 2011 has led to diverse applications related to memory (e.g., ferroelectric tunnel junctions, nonvolatile memory, and field‐effect transistors) and energy fields (e.g., energy storage and harvesting, electrocaloric refrigeration, and infrared detection). Fluorite‐based materials exhibit several properties not shared by most conventional materials (such as in terms of compatibility with complementary metal‐oxide semiconductors and 3D nanostructures, deposition thickness at the nanometer scale, and simple composition). Here, the electrocaloric refrigeration properties of fluorite‐based ferroelectric/antiferroelectric materials are reviewed by focusing on the advantages of ZrO2‐ and HfO2‐based materials (e.g., relative to conventional perovskite‐ and polymer‐based counterparts). Finally, the recent progress made in this research field are also discussed along with its future perspectives.
Persistent Luminescence‐Based Theranostics for Real‐Time Monitoring and Simultaneously Launching Photodynamic Therapy of Bacterial Infections
Authors: Zhang Zhanlin , Yan Hui , Qiu Bo , Ran Pan , Cao Wenxiong , Jia Xinwei , Huang Kun , Li Xiaohong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractExternal light irradiation is usually required in bacterial infection theranostics; however, it is always accompanied by limited light penetration, imaging interference, and incomplete bacterial destruction. Herein, a feasible “image‐launching therapy” strategy is developed to integrate real‐time optical imaging and simultaneous photodynamic therapy (PDT) of bacterial infections into persistent luminescence (PL) nanoparticles (NPs). Mesoporous silica NPs are used as a substrate for in situ deposition of PL nanodots of ZnGa2O4:Cr3+ to obtain mPL NPs, followed by surface grafting with silicon phthalocyanine (Si‐Pc) and electrostatic assembly of cyanine 7 (Cy7) to fabricate mPL@Pc‐Cy NPs. The PL emission of light‐activated mPL@Pc‐Cy NPs is quenched by Cy7 assembly at physiological conditions through the fluorescence resonance energy transfer effect, but is rapidly restored after disassembly of Cy7 in response to bacterial infections. The self‐illuminating capabilities of NPs avoid tissue autofluorescence under external light irradiation and achieve real‐time colorimetric imaging of bacterial infections. In addition, the afterglow of mPL NPs can persistently excite Si‐Pc photosensitizers to promote PDT efficacy for bacterial elimination and accelerate wound full recovery with normal histologic features. Thus, this study expands the theranostic strategy for precise imaging and simultaneous non‐antibiotic treatment of bacterial infections without causing side effects to normal tissues.
Prediction of spontaneous preterm birth and preterm prelabor rupture of membranes using maternal factors, obstetric history and biomarkers of placental function at 11–13 weeks
Authors: Chiu C. P. H. , Feng Q. , Chaemsaithong P. , Sahota D. S. , Lau Y. Y. , Yeung Y. K. , Yim L. W. , Chung J. P. W. , Poon L. C. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo determine whether first‐trimester biomarkers of placental function can be used to screen for spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB), and to develop prediction models using maternal factors, obstetric history and biomarkers of placental function at 11–13 weeks for the calculation of patient‐specific risk for sPTB.MethodsThis was a retrospective secondary analysis of data derived from a prospective cohort study on first‐trimester screening for pre‐eclampsia in singleton pregnancies attending for routine Down syndrome screening at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks' gestation at a tertiary obstetric unit between December 2016 and September 2019. A split‐sample internal validation method was used to explore and develop prediction models for all sPTB at < 37 weeks and for PTB at < 37 weeks after preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) using maternal risk factors, uterine artery Doppler indices, serum placental growth factor (PlGF), pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A) and β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG). Screening performance was assessed using receiver‐operating‐characteristics (ROC)‐curve analysis, with calculation of the areas under the ROC curves (AUCs).ResultsA total of 9298 singleton pregnancies were included in this study. sPTB at < 37 weeks occurred in 362 (3.89%) cases, including 231 (2.48%) cases of PPROM. sPTB at < 34 weeks occurred in 87 (0.94%) cases, including 39 (0.42%) cases of PPROM. Identified maternal risk factors for sPTB at < 37 weeks included chronic hypertension, conception using in‐vitro fertilization and history of PTB. Maternal risk factors for PPROM at < 37 weeks included conception using in‐vitro fertilization and history of PTB. Median PlGF multiples of the median (MoM) and PAPP‐A MoM were significantly reduced in women with sPTB at < 37 weeks, as well as in those who had PPROM, compared to those who delivered at term. Screening by a combination of maternal risk factors, PAPP‐A and PlGF achieved better performance in predicting sPTB at < 37 weeks (AUC, 0.630 vs 0.555; detection rate (DR), 24.8% vs 16.6% at a false‐positive rate (FPR) of 10%; P ≤ 0.0001) and PPROM at < 37 weeks (AUC, 0.643 vs 0.558; DR, 28.1% vs 17.0% at a FPR of 10%; P ≤ 0.0001) than using maternal risk factors alone. Both models were successfully applied to the internal validation dataset, with AUCs of 0.628 and 0.650, respectively.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that low levels of maternal serum PAPP‐A and PlGF in the first trimester are associated with increased risks of sPTB and PPROM at < 37 weeks. However, further research is needed to identify additional biomarkers to improve the screening performance of the combined model that includes maternal risk factors, PAPP‐A and PlGF before clinical application. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Advances of functional nanomaterials for magnetic resonance imaging and biomedical engineering applications
Authors: Huang Ruijie , Zhou Xingyu , Chen Guiyuan , Su Lanhong , Liu Zhaoji , Zhou Peijie , Weng Jianping , Min Yuanzeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFunctional nanomaterials have been widely used in biomedical fields due to their good biocompatibility, excellent physicochemical properties, easy surface modification, and easy regulation of size and morphology. Functional nanomaterials for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can target specific sites in vivo and more easily detect disease‐related specific biomarkers at the molecular and cellular levels than traditional contrast agents, achieving a broad application prospect in MRI. This review focuses on the basic principles of MRI, the classification, synthesis and surface modification methods of contrast agents, and their clinical applications to provide guidance for designing novel contrast agents and optimizing the contrast effect. Furthermore, the latest biomedical advances of functional nanomaterials in medical diagnosis and disease detection, disease treatment, the combination of diagnosis and treatment (theranostics), multi‐model imaging and nanozyme are also summarized and discussed. Finally, the bright application prospects of functional nanomaterials in biomedicine are emphasized and the urgent need to achieve significant breakthroughs in the industrial transformation and the clinical translation is proposed.This article is categorized under:
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Socio-Technical Innovation Bundles for Agri-Food Systems Transformation
Authors: Barrett Christopher B. , Benton Tim , Fanzo Jessica , Herrero Mario , Nelson Rebecca J. , Bageant Elizabeth , Buckler Edward , Cooper Karen , Culotta Isabella , Fan Shenggen , Gandhi Rikin , James Steven , Kahn Mark , Lawson-Lartego Laté , Liu Jiali , Marshall Quinn , Mason-D’Croz Daniel , Mathys Alexander , Mathys Cynthia , Mazariegos-Anastassiou Veronica , Miller Alesha , Misra Kamakhya , Mude Andrew , Shen Jianbo , Sibanda Lindiwe Majele , Song Claire , Steiner Roy , Thornton Philip , Wood Stephen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTechnological and institutional innovationsin agri-food systems (AFSs) over the past century have brought dramatic advances in human well-being worldwide.
Key External Drivers of Change to 2070
Authors: Barrett Christopher B. , Benton Tim , Fanzo Jessica , Herrero Mario , Nelson Rebecca J. , Bageant Elizabeth , Buckler Edward , Cooper Karen , Culotta Isabella , Fan Shenggen , Gandhi Rikin , James Steven , Kahn Mark , Lawson-Lartego Laté , Liu Jiali , Marshall Quinn , Mason-D’Croz Daniel , Mathys Alexander , Mathys Cynthia , Mazariegos-Anastassiou Veronica , Miller Alesha , Misra Kamakhya , Mude Andrew , Shen Jianbo , Sibanda Lindiwe Majele , Song Claire , Steiner Roy , Thornton Philip , Wood Stephen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs we look 25–50 years, or more, into the future, we must also keep in mind how very different tomorrow’s world will inevitably look. Three big, inevitable changes stand out, with serious implications for AFS and AVC innovations.
Getting from Here to There
Authors: Barrett Christopher B. , Benton Tim , Fanzo Jessica , Herrero Mario , Nelson Rebecca J. , Bageant Elizabeth , Buckler Edward , Cooper Karen , Culotta Isabella , Fan Shenggen , Gandhi Rikin , James Steven , Kahn Mark , Lawson-Lartego Laté , Liu Jiali , Marshall Quinn , Mason-D’Croz Daniel , Mathys Alexander , Mathys Cynthia , Mazariegos-Anastassiou Veronica , Miller Alesha , Misra Kamakhya , Mude Andrew , Shen Jianbo , Sibanda Lindiwe Majele , Song Claire , Steiner Roy , Thornton Philip , Wood Stephen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSo how do we reverse the growing carbon, land, and toxic chemical footprint of contemporary AVCs; expand the nutrient-rich food supply; and induce more equitable, inclusive, healthier food environments—and thus consumption patterns—so as to navigate from today’s unsustainable and precarious AVCs to a warmer, more urban, more African, and shock-prone world in which wealthier consumers place an ever-growing premium on the non-nutritive attributes of the foods they buy? Given the climate change, population and income growth, and urbanization baked into AFSs already, beneficial innovation is the only feasible pathway. And because innovation takes time, typically measurable in decades, we urgently need to accelerate innovative activity.
Towards Co-Creation of AFS Innovations by AVC Actors
Authors: Barrett Christopher B. , Benton Tim , Fanzo Jessica , Herrero Mario , Nelson Rebecca J. , Bageant Elizabeth , Buckler Edward , Cooper Karen , Culotta Isabella , Fan Shenggen , Gandhi Rikin , James Steven , Kahn Mark , Lawson-Lartego Laté , Liu Jiali , Marshall Quinn , Mason-D’Croz Daniel , Mathys Alexander , Mathys Cynthia , Mazariegos-Anastassiou Veronica , Miller Alesha , Misra Kamakhya , Mude Andrew , Shen Jianbo , Sibanda Lindiwe Majele , Song Claire , Steiner Roy , Thornton Philip , Wood Stephen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA key implication of the abundance of promising technologies in various stages of development is that AFS transformation is less likely to be limited by science-based discovery than by human agency. What key players do in response to the wealth of options they face will ultimately determine the path(s) we follow.
Introduction
Authors: Weller Paul 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis introduction highlights the book’s focus on transitions in Hizmet in Europe following the events of July 2016 in Turkey, rather than on the person and teaching of Fethullah Gülen. That is the focus of the complementary volume by the same author (2021), also published by Palgrave Macmillan, on Fethullah Gülen’s Teaching and Practice: Inheritance, Context and Interactive Development. The chapter discusses the book’s disciplinary and methodological approach that is situated within Religious Studies, and therefore takes seriously Hizmet’s understanding of itself in relation to religion. Nevertheless, given the controversies that exist around this phenomenon, the politics of naming is acknowledged and critically discussed. Weller further situates this within the widely diverse literature, disciplinary perspectives and positionalities relating to Hizmet, including those of the author himself. Finally, the importance and distinctiveness for this book of the primary interview material with Fethullah Gülen and Hizmet participants are underlined.
Continuing Values, Different Expressions and Future Trajectories
Authors: Weller Paul 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe concluding chapter traces the emerging recognition within Hizmet in Europe that, while Hizmet’s values to do with education, dialogue and the relief of poverty may continue into the future, they should not be replicated in a “copy-paste” manner. Rather, in Hizmet’s future trajectories, these values will need always to be contextually reconsidered and reinvented, taking account of national differences and changing human needs. Indeed, Weller argues that, alongside its “de-centring” from Turkey, Hizmet in Europe (and internationally) is becoming more of a networking of diverse experience than a common but differentiated programme. And this is all happening in a period during which Hizmet in Europe will increasingly need to prepare for a future without the person of Fethullah Gülen in which it will need itself to find ways of appropriately building upon his heritage of a properly confident Islamic engagement, informed by self-criticism, with a focus on the human.
Implementation of angularly ordered electroweak parton shower in Herwig 7
Authors: Masouminia M. R. , Richardson P. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We discuss the necessary steps for implementing an angularly ordered (AO) electroweak (EW) parton shower in Herwig 7 multi-purpose event generator. This includes calculating the helicity-dependent quasi-collinear EW branching functions that correspond to the full range of final-state EW parton shower, in addition to the initial-state EW gauge vector boson radiations. The results are successfully embedded in the AO Herwig 7 shower algorithm and have undergone a set of comprehensive and conclusive performance tests. Furthermore, we have used this EW parton shower algorithm, alongside the existing QCD + QED AO shower, to predict the angular distributions of W± bosons in LHC events with high transverse momentum jets. These results are compared against the explicitly generated underlying events as well as the existing ATLAS data to show the effectiveness of the newly implemented QCD + QED + EW AO parton shower scheme.
Exploring the holographic Swampland
Authors: Conlon Joseph P. , Ning Sirui , Revello Filippo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We extend studies of holographic aspects of moduli stabilisation scenarios to both fibred versions of LVS and the type IIA DGKT flux vacua. We study the holographic properties of the low-energy moduli Lagrangian that describes both the AdS vacuum and also small perturbations about it. For type IIA vacua in the large-volume regime, the CFT data (operator dimensions and higher-point interactions) take a universal form independent of the many arbitrary flux choices, as was previously found for LVS stabilisation. For these IIA vacua the conformal dimensions of the dual operators are also, surprisingly, all integers, although we do not understand a deeper reason why this is so. In contrast to behaviour previously found for LVS and KKLT, the fibred models also admit cases of mixed double-trace operators (for two different axion fields) where the anomalous dimension is positive.