bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foliar Sprays to Control Fall Armyworms in Sweet Corn, 1978
Authors: Hofmaster R. N. , Francis John 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘N & K 199’ sweet corn was planted, 10-inch spacing in 3-ft rows, on Jun 12’78. Treatment plots were replicated 3 times and arranged in a randomized block design. Each plot consisted of three rows 25 ft long with a single untreated row adjacent to each treatment plot. Insecticides were applied to the ear and to an area about 15 inches above and below the ear with a D. B. Smith 5-gallon, knapsack, hand-operated, compressed-air sprayer at the rate of 25 gal/acre (40 psiT", using a Spraying Systems Cone Jet Y-8 nozzle. Treatments were initiated just prior to first silk on Aug 4 and continued at 2-3 day intervals through Aug 16, a total of 6 applications. Twenty-five ears were harvested from each replicate and checked for fall armyworms. The following categories were selected for evaluation of fall armyworm injury: 1) Clean - no evidence of earworm; 2) Slight -confined to extreme tip of ear; 3) Medium - injury less than 1.5 inches below tip; ear could be clipped; and 4) Severe - damage well below ear tip and of such nature that ear could not be clipped or salvaged for use.
Caterpillar Control on Sweet Corn, 1977
Authors: Walker Gary L. , York A. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The crop was seeded on 15 Jun at O’Neall Horticultural Farm, Lafayette, IN. Treatment plots were 3-rows wide (30 in. centers) by 30-ft long. Each 3-row plot was separated from the next treatment by an untreated row. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Silking began 15 Sep and insecticides were applied 18 Aug, 22 Aug, 25 Aug, 31 Aug, and 3 Sep. Treatments could not be applied on 28 Aug, as desired due to heavy rains prior to that date and extremely wet soils which prohibited machinery use. Application was made with a Hahn Hi-Boy sprayer delivering 60 gpa at 45 psi using 3 nozzles per row (TX-18), two of which were directed at the ear zone. Treatments were evaluated by randomly selecting 25 ears per replicate, shucking, and assessing worm damage or caterpillars present. Tip damage was assumed to be due to corn earworm unless fall armyworm was present. Damage down on the ear was considered to be by corn borer.
Green Peach Aphid Control with Foliar Insecticidal Sprays, 1978
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Norland’ potatoes were planted Jun 2 at the Red River Valley Potato Growers Research Farm in Grand Forks, North Dakota. Plots were 2 row, 35-ft long, with 40-inch row spacing in randomized complete blocks with 3 replications. Foliar insecticides were applied Jul 21, Aug 11, and Aug 23 using a 2 gallon, hand-operated, com-pressed air sprayer delivering 100 gal water/at ca 40 psi. Green peach aphid apterae were counted from 35 leaves per plot.
Foliar Sprays to Control the Colorado Potato Beetle on Irish Potatoes, 1978
Authors: Hofmaster R. N. , Francis John 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Norchip’ Irish potatoes were planted, 10-inch spacing in 3-ft rows on Mar 31 ‘78. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Each plot consisted of a single, 25-ft-long row bordered on each side by an. untreated row. The sprays were applied with a D. B. Smith 5-gallon, knapsakc, hand-operated, compressed-air sprayer at the rate of 100 gal/acre (40 psi) using a D. B. Smith #E-147 adjustable cone nozzle. Applica-tions were made on Jun 1, 12, 19, 26, and 30. In evaluating the various insecticidal treatments, direct counts of the number of potato beetle larvae/10 hills and late season foliage injury ratings were utilized. The several categories for the foliage injury ratings are as follows: 1) Only occasional chewing, necessary to look very close to see evidence of feeding damage; 2) Visible signs of feeding but less than 10% of the leaves severely injured; 3) Severe feeding on 25% of foliage; 4) Heavy feeding on 50% of foliage; 5) Practically 100% of foliage severely damaged, plants nearly defoliated; and Def - Plants completely defoliated. Yields were taken on July 26.
Alfalfa Insect Control, 1979
Authors: Arnett W. Harold 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted on a commercial field of common alfalfa at Fallon, Nevada. Spray treatments were applied by fixed wing aircraft to 3 acre blocks and a 3 acre block left untreated. Applications were made on May 17‘79 with each material and rate applied in a total volume of 5 gpa. At time of treatment plants were 12-14 in. with over 50% showing alfalfa weevil damage. Eight pretreatment samples consisting of 10 random sweeps each were taken from the entire test block. Each of the treated and untreated blocks were divided into four equal parts with posttreatment samples con-sisting of 10 sweeps from each of these being taken on May 21, 24 and 31.
Second Cutting Alfalfa Insect Control Study, 1980
Authors: Gauthier Norman L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A three year old stand of pure seeded alfalfa, one acre in size, was utilized for this study at the Agway Farm Research Center, Fabius, New York. Large plots were established within this one acre field in a randomized block design of three replications (plot size 18 x 33 ft - 600 sq ft/plot). Insecticide treatments were applied on Jun 27 with a CO2 bottle sprayer using 0.5 gal bottles to deliver 72.6 GPA at 30 psi. Post treatment sweep net insect samples were taken at 21 days using 10-180° sweep samples per plot. Alfalfa yields were sampled on Jul 18 by using a small sickle bar mower to cut a 1/1000 acre swath out of plot centers. Samples were taken Jo determine percent DM by oven-drying analysis as well as protein content but results are not included here.
Alfalfa Weevil Larvae Control, Kentucky 1980
Authors: Parr J. C. , Pass B. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test area was a two year old stand of Buffalo variety alfalfa. The plots were 34 x 36 ft and each treatment and the untreated control were replicated three times in a completely random design. The sprays were mixed so as to apply the proper rates in 20 gal of total volume per acre. The treatments were applied with a low-pressure, low-volume, Hahn field sprayer equipped with 21 Spraying Systems 8003 Tee Jet nozzles and operated at a pressure of 35 psi. Population densities of the larvae were determined 3, 7, 10, 13, and 18 days following treatment by collecting 10 sweeps from each plot with a standard 15 in dia beating net. The treatments were applied May 2, 1980. Treatment means, expressed as larvae per 10 sweeps on the sampling date indicated, were separated by use of Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test. The standard treatments of Furadan 4F and Imidan 50W were applied at the rates of 0.5 and 1.0 lb ai/acre respectively. A damage rating was made and was based on a scale of 1-9 where 1 = no damage and 9 = 100% of leaves consumed, with 2-8 being intermediate.
In-Whorl Treatments for Fall Armywcrm Control in Field Corn, 1980
Authors: Pless C. D. , Shamiyeh N.B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Field corn ‘Pioneer 3147’ was planted on June 4 at the Highland Rim Experiment Station, Springfield. Plots were 30 ft x 4 rows with 5 ft alleys between blocks. Rows were spaced 40 inches apart. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Corn was thinned to 40 plants/30 row ft. On July 23, when 18% of the plants were infested, insecticide treatments were applied. Granular insecticides were applied into the whorls with shaker jars. Liquid formulations were sprayed with 2.5 gal compressed air sprayers at 40 gal/acre. Portable CO2 tanks supplied a constant sprayer tank pressure of 30 psi. Yields were determined on October 14.
Apple, Ovicidal Effects of Methomyl (Lannate 1.8 L) on Pest Insects and Mites, 1980
Authors: David P. J. , Horsburgh R. L. , McCaffrey J. P. , Ponton L.F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seven treatments of Lannate-L plus a water control were used to assess the material’s effect on eggs of several pest insects and mites. The treatment rates ((litre (ounces) of Lannate 1.8 L/378. 5 litres (100 gallons) water)) applied to eggs of L.pomonella, P.ulmi, and Platynota spp. were: 0.95 (32); 0.83 (28); 0.71 (24); 0.59 (20); 0.47 (16); 0.35 (12); 0.24 (8); water control. For A.velutinana the treatment rates ((litre (ounces) of Lannate 1.8 L/378. 5 litre (100 gallons) water)) were: 0.95(32); 0.47(16); 0.24 (8); 0.12 (4); 0.06 (2) water control.
Bollworm Control on Cotton with New Larvicides, 1980
Authors: Lentz Gary L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Hancock variety cotton was planted Apr 23 on Grenada silt loam at the West TeTin. Expt. Sta., Jackson, TN. Four-row plots, 40 ft long were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. The entire plot area was sprayed Aug 1 with methyl parathion (1. 0 lb ai/acre) to remove beneficials and encourage a bollworm outbreak. The number of bollworm eggs and larvae in terminals exceeded the recommended threshold level on Aug 8. Bollworm pressure was moderate for the subsequent 10-day period. Insecticides were applied Aug 8, 14, and 19 with a 4-row boom at the rate of 9.4 gal of mixture per acre (3 mph, 40 psi, 3 Delavan HB 4 70° nozzles per row) with a CO2-pressurized system mounted on an IH 660 high clearance sprayer. Damaged bolls were counted Aug 22 and 27 as follows: 50 bollworm susceptible bolls were counted in each of the two center rows of each plot and the number damaged recorded. The two center rows of each plot were machine harvested Sep 19 and Oct 7. Damaged boll counts and yield data were subjected to analysis of variance and means separted by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test where appropriate.
Efficacy of Chemicals with Adjuvants for Control of Cotton Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm, 1980
Authors: Pitts Daniel L. , Pieters Edward P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Stonevilie 213 variety was planted on May 5 at the Plant Science Farm of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State, MS. Plots 8 x 90 ft were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Insecticides were applied to the center 4 rows of each plot at the rate of 5 gal of final spray mixture per acre, 3 mph, 40 psi, and 3 nozzles per row. Applications for Heliothis spp. control were made 11 times on a 4 to 5 day schedule from July 14 to Sept 5. Azinphosmethyl was applied to all plots at 0.25 lb ai/acre 13 times as needed from Jul 3 to Sept 24 to control boll weevils. Temik was applied to all plots at 2 lb ai/acre on June 10 to reduce beneficial arthropods. Plots were examined weekly for Heliothis spp. damage by randomly selecting 25 squares from all parts of the plants along the center 2 rows. The tobacco budworm consisted of 90% of the population on both July 8 and August 6. Yields were estimated by machine picking the center 2 rows on October 21.
Field Evaluation of Insecticide Seed Treatments for Preflowering Cowpea Insect Pests, 1980
Authors: Venugopal M.S. , Litsinger J.A. , Arosrol R.F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nineteen insecticides applied as seed treatments at 10 lb ai/100 lb seed were tested at IRRI (Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines) for control of preflowering cowpea insect pests. Cowpea seeds (37 lb/acre) were agitated in a plastic bag with each insecticide and 25% gum arable before sowing to 5-m2 plots on Feb 26 in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The Santa Rita series soil (clayey amorphos isohyperfhermic, Typic Hapludolls), pH = 6.5, 52% pore space, 2.7% organic matter, 34% clay, 36% silt, 30% sand, averaged 39° and 28° C for daily maximum and minimum temperatures at 5 cm depth, respectively, the first 14 days after sowing. There was no rainfall during this dry season trial, but the plots were irrigated with overhead sprinklers. In each plot at 21 days after crop emergence, 20 random plants were dissected for evidence of beanfly damage and 20 leaf buds were removed from random plants, placed in 70% efhyl alcohol for counting thrips under a stereoscope.
Field Evaluation of Insecticide Seed Treatments for Preflowering Mung Bean Insect Pests, 1980
Authors: Venugopal M. S. , Litsinger J. A. , Apostol R. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nineteen insecticides applied as seed treatments at 10 g aiAg seed were tested at IRRI (Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines) for control of preflowering mung bean insect pests. Mung bean seeds (33 kg/ha) were agitated in a plastic bag with each insecticide and 25% gum arable before sowing to 5-m2 plots in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications on Mar 10. The Santa Rita series soil (clayey amorphos isohyperthermic Typic Hapludolls), pH = 6.5, 52% pore space, 2.7% organic matter, 34% clay, 36% silt, 30% sand, averaged 37° and 28°C for daily maximum and minimum temperatures at 5 cm depth, respectively, the first 14 days after sowing. There was no rainfall during this dry season trial, but the plots were irrigated with overhead sprinklers. In each plot at 21 days after crop emergence, 20 random plants were dissected for evidence of beanfly damage and 20 leaf buds were removed from random plants, placed in 70% ethyl alcohol for counting thrips under a stereoscope.
Effect of Triton X-190 and Water on Malathion and Carbaryl Related Rangeland Grasshopper Mortalities, 1978
Authors: Foster Nelson R. , Henderson J.A. , Huddleston E.W. , Bullard R.G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Sevin 4 0 formulation of carbaryl was applied at the rates of 0.5 lb and 0.3125 lb ai/acre to 40 acre rangeland (mixed grasses and forbes) plots, approximately 11 miles east of Lovlngton, New Mexico. Each dose was applied in diesel fuel at 20 oz/acre and with Triton X-190 at 2% of the Sevin 4 Oil volume in water at 20 oz/acre. Malathion ULV concentrate was applied at the rates of 4, 6 and 8 fluid oz of 95% technical ma lath ion/acre. The 4 and 6 oz rates of malathion ULV concentrate were applied with Triton X-190, at 2% of the dose, and water at 16 oz total volume/acre. Treatments took place from June 29 - July 4, 1978 and were replicated 4 times. All doses were applied at 40 psi pressure with a Piper Pawnee, PA-25-260 aircraft using (9) 8002 flat fan nozzles for Sevin 4 Oil plots, (9) 8001 nozzles for 8 oz malathion rate plots and (12) 80015 nozzles for 16 oz malathion rate plots. All nozzles were rotated 90° to the slip stream. Applications were made at 100 mph at a height of 30 ft. Swath width for Sevin 4 Oil and malathion were 60 and 75 ft respectively. Pre and post application grasshopper densities were ascertained by counting grasshoppers tn (60) O.1m2 rings separated from each other by at least 5m, near the center of each plot. Pretreatment counts were taken 24 - 48 hr prior to treatment and posttreatment counts were conducted 2 and 7 days after treatment. Counting rings were left in place throughout the test period. Precount densities ranged from 5-13 grasshoppers/m with a total precount mean density of 8.10/m . Post application densities were expressed as percent mortality of precounts, and the arc sine transformation was used for analysis as a completely randomized design with equal treatments. Sixty sweeps were taken in each plot to determine grasshopper species frequency. The above species were in the 3rd instar through adult stages of development and comprised approximately 70% of the population.
Evaluation of Insecticides Applied as Granules in the Rice Root Zone for Control of Brown Planthopper and Green Leaf-Hopper, IRRI, 1979
Authors: Heinrichs E. A. , Valencia S. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Because the application of carbofuran has been shown to provide much longer residual activity than paddy water broadcasting of granules or application of foliar sprays we are searching for additional insecticides which are active as a root zone application. Thirty five day-old rice plants were transplanted into soil in porcelain pots and placed in a room at a temperature of 27±2°C. Granules placed in a gelatin capsule were injected into the root zone area at 3 cm below the soil and 2 cm beside the roots at the rate of 1.5 kg ai/ha. Ten brown planthopper and 10 green leafhopper adults were placed on the treated plants at 1, 7, and 14 days after treatment. Mortality readings were taken at 48 hr after placing the insects on the plants.
Velvetbean Caterpillar and Bean Leaf Beetle Control on Soybeans with Microbial Insecticides, 1979
Authors: Harper J. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A small plot field trial was initiated on October 3 at the Black Belt Substation of the Auburn University Agricultural Experiment Station near Marion Junction, Alabama. Significant numbers of both velvetbean caterpillar and bean leaf beetles were found at this date on a small field of late planted Bragg variety soybeans. Plots measuring 4 x 50 ft (36 in row spacing) were treated with materials applied with a CO2 powered knapsack sprayer, 3 nozzles/row, calibrated to deliver 20 gal/acre at 30 psi with TX 4 cone spray tips. A randomized complete block field plot design with 4 replications was utilized. Prespray larval and beetle counts were taken on the day of treatment, and evaluation counts were taken at 2 and 5 days post-spray. All samples were made by the shake cloth method and consisted of 3 3 ft samples/plot. D-vac samples were also taken on the 3 sampling dates for determining non-target insect populations. Eight 10 row ft samples were taken from random locations over the entire field just prior to treatment application, and one 10-ft sample was taken in each plot at 2 and 5 days post-spray.
Corn Earworm Control on Soybeans Following Wheat, 1980
Authors: Lentz  
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bedford variety soybean was planted ca Jun 15 following wheat, north of Dyersburg, TN. Four-row plots, 50 ft long, were replicated 6 times in a randomized complete block design. Pretreatment counts were made by taking 22 18 inch shake samples over the entire plot area. Insecticides were applied Sep 8 with a 4-row boom at the rate of 9.4 gal of mixture per acre ( 3 mph, 40 psi, 3 Delavan HB 4 70° nozzles per row) with a CO2-pressurized system mounted on a John Deere high clearance sprayer. Evaluations were made Sep 11 by shaking 4 row ft over a drop cloth at 2 sites in each plot. The center two rows of each plot were harvested Nov 6.
Control of Silverspotted Skipper on York Soybeans with Soil Systemics, 1980
Authors: Ltnduska James J. , Hiddleson Loren , Dively Galen P. , Hellman Lee , Cantwell Michael A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Soybeans were planted May 27 with a conventional 4-row unit planter (John Deere Model 71) equipped with Gandy (R) granular insecticide applicators. Except for one treatment of Furadan 10G which was applied in the furrow, all other treatments were applied in a 14 inch band over the seed furrow, behind the press wheel. Two drag chains were attached behind the press wheel of each planter. Plots consisted of 4 rows, 100 ft long with 30 inches between rows, arranged In a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Soil was classified as a ‘Bertie’ silt loam and the soil temp at the time of planting was 86°F at the 4 inch depth. Twenty 1st to 2nd instar larvae with accompanying nest were artifically introduced into the plots by pinning them to 20 separate plants in each plot on Jun 6. The percent survival through 2 instars was recorded for each plot. Rainfall was below normal during the growing season.
Control of Tobacco Fleabeetles and Tobacco Hornworms on Dark Fire-Cured Tobacco, 1980
Authors: Pless C. D. , Shamiyeh N. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tobacco ‘Madole’ was transplanted on May 27 at the Highland Rim Experiment Station, Springfield. Sprays were applied on a 14-day schedule for a total of 5 applications beginning June 11. Insecticides were applied with a high-clearance sprayer using a 10-row boom with one full-cone nozzle per row which delivered 20 gal/acre at 60 psi. Plots were 70 ft x 10 rows (42 in spacing) with 3 replicates in a randomized complete block design. Blocks were separated by 5 ft alleys and plants were spaced 36 inch within rows. Hornworm counts were based on the average number/100 plants. Flea beetle damage was evaluated as average numbers of feeding holes/10 leaves. Counts were made on the fifth leaf (of width greater than 2 in) from the top of the plant. Soil type was Mounrview silt loam at pH 6.6.
American Arborvitae, Spruce Spider Mite Control, Richland Co., Ohio, 1979
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Thuja occidentalis (2.5-3 m high) growing in a nursery on 1.2 m centers in 2 rows ca 150 m long were used to evaluate acaricides against spruce spider mite, Oligonychusununguis (Jacobi). Treatments were assigned to trees at random, but an effort was made to distribute each treatment over a 50 m section of row. Treatments were applied with a KWH mistblower operating at 420 ml/min. Six trees were sprayed with each treatment for 30 sec. on July 30 under sunny skies at 27-29°C, with an 8-16 kph breeze. Application required 9 man-hours. On Aug 10, half of the trees (3) in each treatment were sprayed again for 30 sec, as before. Ambient temperature was 27-29°C with cloudy skies and a 16-24 kph breeze. The second application, when only half of the trees were sprayed and all were already flagged and tagged, required 4 man-hours. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated 2, 3, and 4 weeks after the first application. During each evaluation, 10 branch ends 15-18 cm long were selected from the tree from between 1 and 2 m above ground and transported in plastic bags in an air conditioned vehicle to the laboratory. Twenty-five tips (5-7.5 cm long), comprising ca 400 sq cm, were clipped from the 10 branch ends from each tree for population assessment. Each tip was passed through a mite brush 6 times to dislodge mites to a rotating glass plate coated with Tween-20. Living and dead nymphs and adults trapped on 8 of 12 equal sections on the plate were counted. Counts were multiplied by 1.5 to calculate mites/unit area of foliage. Each evaluation required collection of foliage from ca. one-third of the trees during a morning, drying foliage in the laboratory, and processing the samples the same day, to minimize mite mortality between the time samples were taken and counts were made. Sample collection each day required 1 man-hour; each sample (rep.) was processed in one-half man-hour.
Chrysanthemum, Pramex Trials, 1980
Authors: Mahr D. L. , Humfeld T. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This research was conducted in a commercial greenhouse in Milwaukee, Wl, which had a history of high chrysanthemum leafminer populations. The purpose was to evaluate a commercial preparation of permethrin not available for use in Wisconsin and compare it to the standard treatment combination of materials registered for use against leafminer in Wisconsin. The chrysanthemums were grown in beds on benches for cut flower sales. Treatments were applied as single plots consisting of all plants on 8 linear feet of bench top. Treatments were applied with a Hudson sprayer to full leaf coverage. Rooted cuttings were transplanted on May 2, pinched on May 5, and harvested Jul 15. A single aldicarb application was applied on May 13 (2 oz ai/1000 sq ft) to all treatments including check. The standard treatment consisted of weekly applications of Orthene rotated with Diazinon through three rotations, and then single weekly applications of Diazinon at the stated rate to harvest. Pramex was applied weekly. Applications of all three treatments were on May 22, 29, Jun 6, 13, 20, 27, Jul 3 and 11. The remainder of the greenhouse received the standard aldicarb-Orthene-Diazinon treatment.