bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of p38 MAPK decreases hyperglycemia-induced nephrin endocytosis and attenuates albuminuria
Authors: Woznowski Magdalena Patrycja , Potthoff Sebastian Alexander , Königshausen Eva , Haase Raphael , Hoch Henning , Meyer-Schwesinger Catherine , Wiech Thorsten , Stegbauer Johannes , Rump Lars Christian , Sellin Lorenz , Quack Ivo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia, as in diabetes mellitus, may cause glomerular damage with microalbuminuria as an early sign. Noteworthy, even acute hyperglycemia can increase glomerular permeability before structural damage of the glomerular filter can be detected. Despite intensive research, specific antiproteinuric therapy is not available so far. Thus, a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of albuminuria is desirable. P38 MAPK signaling is involved in the development of hyperglycemia-induced albuminuria. However, the mechanism of increased p38 MAPK activity leading to increased permeability and albuminuria remained unclear. Recently, we demonstrated that acute hyperglycemia triggers endocytosis of nephrin, the key molecule of the slit diaphragm, and induces albuminuria. Here, we identify p38 MAPK as a pivotal regulator of hyperglycemia-induced nephrin endocytosis. Activated p38 MAPK phosphorylates the nephrin c-terminus at serine 1146, facilitating the interaction of PKCα with nephrin. PKCα phosphorylates nephrin at threonine residues 1120 and 1125, mediating the binding of β-arrestin2 to nephrin. β-arrestin2 triggers endocytosis of nephrin by coupling it to the endocytic machinery, leading to increased glomerular permeability. Pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK preserves nephrin surface expression and significantly attenuates albuminuria.

Key messages

Acute hyperglycemia triggers endocytosis of nephrin.

Activated p38 MAPK phosphorylates the nephrin c-terminus at serine 1146, facilitating the interaction of PKCα with nephrin.

PKCα phosphorylates nephrin at threonine residues 1120 and 1125, mediating the binding of β-arrestin2 to nephrin.

β-arrestin2 triggers endocytosis of nephrin by coupling it to the endocytic machinery, leading to a leaky glomerular filter.

Pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK preserves nephrin surface expression and significantly attenuates albuminuria under hyperglycemic conditions.
Does education matter for the earnings of former entrepreneurs? Longitudinal evidence using entry and exit dynamics
Authors: Lappi Emma , Eklund Johan E. , Klaesson Johan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWage employment is the most commonly observed type of employment after a spell of entrepreneurship. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of having been an entrepreneur on earnings after individuals exit. The question is how the entrepreneurship spell influences their value in the labor market? Based on a theoretical framework and earlier literature, our specific interest lies in how these outcomes interact with education level and the nature of the entrepreneurial venture. To investigate this question, we use longitudinal register data on firms and individuals in Sweden. The empirical strategy builds on matching techniques and estimations of earnings equations in a difference-in-differences framework with heterogenous treatment years. We provide evidence that there exists an earnings penalty when highly educated entrepreneurs return to wage employment. This effect is persistent throughout the time period that we observe. For individuals with lower educational attainment, we find no or weak evidence of a wage penalty. Our results suggest that the wage penalty for highly educated individuals operates through the depreciation of specific specialized skills valuable in wage employment.
Infinitely many solutions for elliptic equations with non-symmetric nonlinearities
Authors: Molle Riccardo , Passaseo Donato 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe deal with the existence of infinitely many solutions for a class of elliptic problems with non-symmetric nonlinearities. Our result, which is motivated by a well known conjecture formulated by A. Bahri and P.L. Lions, suggests a new approach to tackle these problems. The proof is based on a method which does not require to use techniques of deformation from the symmetry and may be applied to more general non-symmetric problems.
Development and structure of karstification of the Dong Van Karst Plateau UNESCO Global Geopark, North Vietnam based on cave survey data
Authors: Tran Diep Anh , Goeppert Nadine , Palmer Arthur N. , Goldscheider Nico 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a quantitative study of the relationship between the cave system and the tectonic and karst evolution of the Dong Van Karst Plateau based on analysis and statistics of geometric parameters and orientation of cave passages. The region is located in northern Vietnam and belongs to the extended part of the South China karst belt (Yunnan karst plateau), which is composed mainly of carbonate rocks. Cave classification based on cave conduits geometric parameters shows that caves developed mainly in the vadose zone (27 vadose branchwork caves, 10 mixed caves developed under the control of fault systems, and 12 water-table caves). The degree of correlation between cave levels and planation surfaces suggests that the development of horizontal cave passages is related to two levels of planation surfaces, including one at 1250–1450 masl (equivalent to cave level at 1350–1450 masl), and at 1000–1250 masl (corresponding to cave level at 1200–1250 masl). Additionally, cave passage orientation shows that the cave system formed and developed under the influence of tectonic activities in the Cenozoic. The dominant orientation trend is roughly in the East–West direction and occurred in the early phase (Eocene–Miocene). Next is a trend roughly North–South that occurred in the late phase (Pliocene–Quaternary). The last orientation trend follows the NW–SE direction due to the reactivation of paleo-fault systems in the same direction. Although there are limitations due to accessibility and the level of cave exploration, this research suggests that analysis and statistics of the geometric parameters and orientation of cave passages based on cave survey data can be one of the effective approaches used to identify the development and structure of karstification in the karst region.
Absorption paths and equilibria in quitting games
Authors: Ashkenazi-Golan Galit , Krasikov Ilia , Rainer Catherine , Solan Eilon 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe study quitting games and introduce an alternative notion of strategy profiles—absorption paths. An absorption path is parametrized by the total probability of absorption in past play rather than by time, and it accommodates both discrete-time aspects and continuous-time aspects. We then define the concept of sequentially 0-perfect absorption paths, which are shown to be limits of $$\varepsilon $$
ε
-equilibrium strategy profiles as $$\varepsilon $$
ε
goes to 0. We establish that all quitting games that do not have simple equilibria (that is, an equilibrium where the game terminates in the first period or one where the game never terminates) have a sequentially 0-perfect absorption path. Finally, we prove the existence of sequentially 0-perfect absorption paths in a new class of quitting games.
Utility/privacy trade-off as regularized optimal transport
Authors: Boursier Etienne , Perchet Vianney 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStrategic information is valuable either by remaining private (for instance if it is sensitive) or, on the other hand, by being used publicly to increase some utility. These two objectives are antagonistic and leaking this information by taking full advantage of it might be more rewarding than concealing it. Unlike classical solutions that focus on the first point, we consider instead agents that optimize a natural trade-off between both objectives. We formalize this as an optimization problem where the objective mapping is regularized by the amount of information revealed to the adversary (measured as a divergence between the prior and posterior on the private knowledge). Quite surprisingly, when combined with the entropic regularization, the Sinkhorn loss naturally emerges in the optimization objective, making it efficiently solvable via better adapted optimization schemes. We empirically compare these different techniques on a toy example and apply them to preserve some privacy in online repeated auctions.
Comparison of Ceramic Insulation Coatings via Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Bobzin Kirsten , Wietheger Wolfgang , Burbaum Elisa , Hosenfeldt Tim , Bagcivan Nazlim , Öte Mehmet , Müller Björn , Kunde Carsten , Elsner Anna-Lena 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlumina is often used for electrical insulation. However, different material systems promise to increase the insulation due to their material characteristics. Because of the process properties including high cooling rates, thermally sprayed coatings generally differ from sintered material, which also effect the electrical properties. Within this study, different thermally sprayed coatings are analyzed via impedance spectroscopy to evaluate the capacitive and the electrical insulation behavior. Besides comparing the frequency-dependent resistance, equivalent circuit diagrams were used to calculate the relative permittivity of the coatings. X-ray diffractograms reveal the phase stability of the coatings during thermal spraying. X-ray diffraction was additionally conducted to classify the systems and the respective effects. In particular, the investigated mullite-based coatings exhibit slightly increased impedance values compared to conventionally used alumina-based coating systems.
LncRNA BIRF Promotes Brain Ischemic Tolerance Induced By Cerebral Ischemic Preconditioning Through Upregulating GLT-1 via Sponging miR-330-5p
Authors: Li Shichao , Zhang Lingyan , Lin Jiajie , Su Achou , Liu Xiyun , Zhang Jingge , Xian Xiaohui , Hu Yuyan , Li Wenbin , Sun Shaoguang , Zhang Min 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important regulatory role in various diseases. However, the role of lncRNAs in brain ischemic tolerance (BIT) induced by cerebral ischemic preconditioning (CIPC) is still unknown. The lncRNA profile of rat cortical astrocytes pretreated with ischemic preconditioning was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. The results of Cell-Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay showed that a novel lncRNA, NONRATT009133.2, which we referred to as brain ischemia–related factor (BIRF), was highly correlated with BIT. Through bioinformatics analysis, we predicted that BIRF, miR-330-5p, and GLT-1 (also named Slc1a2) might constitute a ceRNA regulatory network in the induction of BIT. We found that BIRF was upregulated by CIPC, which promoted GLT-1 expression and BIT induction. BIRF could directly bind to miR-330-5p. Furthermore, miR-330-5p directly targeted GLT-1, and miR-330-5p inhibited both GLT-1 expression and BIT induction in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, BIRF acts as a molecular sponge to competitively bind to miR-330-5p with GLT-1 mRNA, while the miR-330-5p inhibitor reversed all the effects of BIRF siRNA on GLT-1 expression and neuronal vitality. Taken together, our results demonstrate the important roles of the BIRF/miR-330-5p/GLT-1 axis in the induction of BIT by CIPC. BIRF may be a potentially effective therapeutic strategy against stroke injury.
The effect of electrocoagulation (EC) on total arsenic, arsenite (As3+) and arsenate (As5+) species removal from model groundwater investigating toxicity and sludge characteristic
Authors: Demirel Tuğçe , Özmen Fadime Karaer , Yavuz Yusuf , Koparal Ali Savaş 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study showed that the model groundwater containing As3+and As5+species was successfully treated with electrocoagulation (EC) first time in the literature investigating toxicity reduction, inorganic arsenic species and detailed sludge characterization. The arsenic removal from model groundwater with 1000 µg/l total arsenic containing equal arsenite (As3+) and arsenate (As5+) concentration was examined by the EC treatment optimized with following parameters; current density (5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 mA/cm2) supporting sodium sulfate electrolyte amount (10, 20 and 30 mM Na2SO4) and initial water pH (3, 6 and 9). In EC treatment, the 99.87% arsenic removal was obtained with 10 mA/cm2, 10 mM Na2SO4at pH 3 after 40 min supplying 1.44 μg/l effluent As concentration lower than the WHO limit for drinking water. Through transformation mechanisms of more toxic As3+to less toxic and easily settled As5+according to As speciation analysis, the toxicity of the model groundwater was successfully decreased in parallel with total arsenic, As3+and As5+removal during EC. The precipitated Al(OH)3and Al2O3coagulants were the main peaks in the FTIR-ATR spectrum as well as As(III)–O vibration observed between 717 and 721 cm−1peaks and As(V)–O vibration dominated 899 and 972 cm−1peaks were detected in the produced sludge after the EC. The SEM–EDS morphological analysis was demonstrated that the sludge was consisted of mostly amorphous structure aggregated size range of 200 μm–2 mm, relatively uniform cake including O, Al, As, Na, and S.
Advancement in biological wastewater treatment using hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR): a review
Authors: Madan Sangeeta , Madan Richa , Hussain Athar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLast two decades have brought commendable respect for biofilm processes in wastewater treatment. Preeminent components from both the biofilter processes and activated sludge are utilized in evolving the moving bed process which eliminates major pollutants, organic matter and nutrients from municipal as well as industrial wastewater. The present review work is an endeavor to focus on the moving bed biofilm process for wastewater treatment applied in different aspects. An overview of MBBR development along with the factors affecting the operational performance of the system is discussed. It also analyses and investigates the state of the art of MBBR process for organic matter and nutrient removal. The review further assesses the MBBR technology as a hybrid system with current findings. Furthermore, the scope for future research prospects and challenges of the moving bed process has been discussed.
Fuzzy acceptance sampling plan for transmuted Weibull distribution
Authors: Khan Muhammad Zahir , Khan Muhammad Farid , Aslam Muhammad , Mughal Abdur Razzaque 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn conventional sampling plans, the rate of the fraction of faulty items is supposed and fixed, but in some practical situations, this value is not fixed but fuzzy. To attain real and flexible value, we used transmuted Weibull distribution in a fuzzy environment. Fuzzy transmuted Weibull distribution is based on fuzzy set theory. According to our investigation, transmuted Weibull is not used in acceptance sampling in a fuzzy environment. The improvement of this research is to evaluate the vague portion of malfunctioning items ($$\tilde{p }$$

p
~

) based on the probability distribution function of transmuted Weibull model and attain a fuzzy operating characteristic curve. First-time transmuted Weibull distribution is applied in acceptance sampling plan for cases where the quality of the product is imprecise. Therefore, fuzzy statistics has been used in this design instead of classical statistics. The results are described by numerical examples and an application of real data is considered for illustration.
Leveraging Dignity Theory to Understand Bullying, Cyberbullying, and Children’s Rights
Authors: Milosevic Tijana , Collier Anne , Norman James O’Higgins 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article outlines how dignity theory could be used to better understand bullying behaviors. Dignity is defined here as the inherent worth of every human being and it allows us to trace the motivations behind bullying behaviors to broader social values that are rarely the primary focus of bullying research, as well as prevention and intervention efforts. In this manner, the theory could elucidate the cultural patterns which contribute to not only child bullying and cyberbullying, but to workplace bullying, and to similar abusive behaviors among adults. We give special attention to cyberbullying and illustrate how dignity theory can clarify why this behavior is not only about online safety but about relational issues, which are reflective of social values. We argue that seeing cyberbullying through the lens of online safety can limit the scope of artificial intelligence–based solutions whose development is gaining momentum at this time. We provide suggestions about dignity-based considerations that collaborations between computer and social scientists could take into account in order to pave the way towards innovation that upholds dignity and children’s rights.
Fake News and Epistemic Vice: Combating a Uniquely Noxious Market
Authors: FRITTS MEGAN , CABRERA FRANK 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe topic of fake news has received increased attention from philosophers since the term became a favorite of politicians. Notably missing from the conversation, however, is a discussion of fake news and conspiracy theory media as a market. This paper will take as its starting point the account of noxious markets put forward by Debra Satz and will argue that there is a pro tanto moral reason to restrict the market for fake news. Specifically, we begin with Satz's argument that restricting a market may be required when (i) that market inhibits citizens from being able to stand in an equal relationship with one another, and (ii) this problem cannot be solved without such direct restrictions. Our own argument then proceeds in three parts: first, we argue that the market for fake news fits Satz's description of a noxious market; second, we argue against explanations of the proliferation of fake news that are couched in terms of ‘epistemic vice’ and likewise argue against prescribing critical thinking education as a solution to the problem; finally, we conclude that, in the absence of other solutions to mitigate the noxious effects of the fake news market, we have a pro tanto moral reason to impose restrictions on this market. At the end of the paper, we consider one proposal to regulate the fake news market, which involves making social media outlets potentially liable in civil court for damages caused by the fake news hosted on their websites.
What's Wrong with Unhelpful Comments? Conversational Helpfulness and Unhelpfulness and Why They Matter
Authors: ROBERTSON SETH 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIt is common to criticize certain comments as ‘unhelpful’. This criticism is richer than it might first appear. In this paper, I sketch an account of conversational helpfulness and unhelpfulness, the reasons why they matter, and the utility of calling out comments as helpful or unhelpful. First, some unhelpful comments are or easily could be demoralizing for proponents of projects, and criticizing them as such can diminish, deflect, or defend against that demoralization. Second, some unhelpful comments redirect or derail conversations away from their projects and criticizing comments as unhelpful can steer conversations back. Third, some unhelpful comments are made out of a lack of epistemic effort and criticizing them as such can help maintain epistemic standards, standards of respect for other people and their projects, and can ensure that such comments do not receive more attention and consideration than they deserve.
Survey of pharmacists on their roles and perceptions of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy in the United States
Authors: Rivera Christina G. , Mara Kristin C. , Mahoney Monica V. , Ryan Keenan L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives:
To define outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) clinical pharmacy practice across the United States, specifically pharmacist functions, design of pharmacist involvement, and to compare pharmacist training of those who practice in OPAT to infectious diseases pharmacists who do not.

Methods:
A survey of a possible 32 questions was emailed to the American College of Clinical Pharmacists (ACCP) Infectious Diseases Practice and Research Network (PRN) e-mail list. Results were focused on US-based respondents.

Participants:
In total, 87 pharmacists responded; 27 of these pharmacists (31%) practiced in OPAT.

Results:
Training background did not differ between groups. Programs with an OPAT pharmacist were more likely to have a formal OPAT team compared to those without an OPAT pharmacist (P < .001). OPAT pharmacists were early in their careers with 66.7% practicing <5 years in OPAT. Most OPAT pharmacists (66.7%) practiced at an academic medical center with a median full-time equivalent (FTE) of 0.6. Moreover, 63% utilized a collaborative practice agreement and 81.5% shared job functions with other pharmacist roles, most commonly antimicrobial stewardship. Few OPAT programs involved a dispensing component (28%). The median daily census was 43 patients followed by an OPAT pharmacist. Pharmacists performed a variety of tasks in OPAT.

Conclusion:
Pharmacist nondispensing involvement in OPAT is an emerging trend in the United States with wide variability in program structure and pharmacist tasks. A ratio of 1 OPAT pharmacist for every 45–70 OPAT patients is proposed to facilitate expansion of pharmacist clinical practice in OPAT.
The Atiyah–Patodi–Singer rho invariant and signatures of links
Authors: Toffoli Enrico 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRelations between the Atiyah–Patodi–Singer rho invariant and signatures of links have been known for a long time, but they were only partially investigated. In order to explore them further, we develop a versatile cut-and-paste formula for the rho invariant, which allows us to manipulate manifolds in a convenient way. With the help of this tool, we give a description of the multivariable signature of a link$L$as the rho invariant of some closed three-manifold$Y_L$intrinsically associated with$L$. We study then the rho invariant of the manifolds obtained by the Dehn surgery on$L$along integer and rational framings. Inspired by the results of Casson and Gordon and Cimasoni and Florens, we give formulas expressing this value as a sum of the multivariable signature of$L$and some easy-to-compute extra terms.
Immunity acquired by a minority active fraction of the population could explain COVID-19 spread in Greater Buenos Aires (June–November 2020)
Authors: Fabricius Gabriel , Borzi R. A. , Caminos José , Grigera Tomás S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had an uneven development in different countries. In Argentina, the pandemic began in March 2020 and, during the first 3 months, the vast majority of cases were concentrated in a densely populated region that includes the city of Buenos Aires (country capital) and the Greater Buenos Aires (GBA) area that surrounds it. This work focuses on the spread of COVID-19 between June and November 2020 in GBA. Within this period of time there was no vaccine, basically only the early wild strain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was present, and the official restriction and distancing measures in this region remained more or less constant. Under these particular conditions, the incidences show a sharp rise from June 2020 and begin to decrease towards the end of August until the end of November 2020. In this work we study, through mathematical modelling and available epidemiological information, the spread of COVID-19 in this region and period of time. We show that a coherent explanation of the evolution of incidences can be obtained assuming that only a minority fraction of the population got involved in the spread process, so that the incidences decreased as this group of people was becoming immune. The observed evolution of the incidences could then be a consequence at the population level of lasting immunity conferred by SARS-CoV-2.