bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRPM7 channels regulate breathing during sleep in obesity by acting peripherally in the carotid bodies
Authors: Kim Lenise J. , Shin Mi‐Kyung , Pho Huy , Tang Wan‐Yee , Hosamane Nishitha , Anokye‐Danso Frederick , Ahima Rexford S. , Sham James S. K. , Pham Luu V. , Polotsky Vsevolod Y. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) affects over 50% of obese individuals. Exaggerated hypoxic chemoreflex is a cardinal trait of SDB in obesity. We have shown that leptin acts in the carotid bodies (CB) to augment chemoreflex and that leptin activates the transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) channel. However, the effect of leptin‐TRPM7 signalling in CB on breathing and SDB has not been characterized in diet‐induced obesity (DIO). We hypothesized that leptin acts via TRPM7 in the CB to increase chemoreflex leading to SDB in obesity. DIO mice were implanted with EEG/EMG electrodes and transfected with Leprb short hairpin RNA (shRNA) or Trpm7 shRNA vs. control shRNA in the CB area bilaterally. Mice underwent a full‐polysomnography and metabolic studies at baseline and after transfection. Ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia were assessed during wakefulness. Leprb and Trpm7 were upregulated and their promoters were demethylated in the CB of DIO mice. Leprb knockdown in the CB did not significantly affect ventilation. Trpm7 knockdown in the CB stimulated breathing during sleep in normoxia. These effects were not driven by changes in CB chemosensitivity or metabolism. Under sustained hypoxia, Trpm7 shRNA in the CB augmented ventilation during sleep, but decreased oxyhaemoglobin saturation. We conclude that the suppression of TRPM7 in the CB improved sleep‐related hypoventilation and that the respiratory effects of CB TRPM7 channels in obesity are independent of leptin. TRPM7 signalling in the CB could be a therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity‐related SDB.
imageKey points
The leptin‐TRPM7 axis in the carotid bodies may play an important role in the pathogenesis of sleep‐disordered breathing.
TRPM7 channels regulate breathing during sleep by acting peripherally in the carotid bodies.
Suppression of TRPM7 signalling in the carotid bodies improves the obesity‐induced hypoventilation in mice.
Pharmacological blockade of TRPM7 channels in the carotid bodies could be a therapy for sleep‐disordered breathing in obesity.
An Effective Topological Representation and Dimensionality Reduction Approach for Multi-Material Structural Topology Optimization
Authors: Bao Jianwen , Sun Zhaoyou , Liu Pai , Luo Yangjun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Topology optimization is among the most effective tools for innovative and lightweight structural designs. Multi-material design is considered to achieve better structural performance than single-material design. To significantly reduce the design space dimensionality and facilitate the optimization of multi-material structural design problems, this study proposes an effective topological representation and dimensionality reduction approach based on the material-field series expansion (MFSE) model. In the proposed method, a specified number of material phases is described within a single material field with a piecewise Heaviside projection function. The topology optimization problem is solved by determining the optimal MFSE coefficients. Owing to the single material-field topological description and series expansion, the number of design variables is independent of the finite element mesh and the number of material phases. In terms of dimensionality reduction, the proposed method outperformed all reported state-of-the-art algorithms for multi-material topology optimization. The validity and universality of the proposed method are illustrated in two- and three-dimensional numerical examples.
HABIT: Health visitors delivering Advice in Britain on Infant Toothbrushing – an early-phase feasibility study of a complex oral health intervention
Authors: Giles Erin , Wray Faye , Eskyte Ieva , Gray-Burrows Kara A , Owen Jenny , Bhatti Amrit , Zoltie Tim , McEachan Rosemary , Marshman Z , Pavitt Sue , West Robert M , Day Peter F 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesTo conduct an early-phase feasibility study of an oral health intervention, Health visitors delivering Advice on Britain on Infant Toothbrushing (HABIT), delivered by Health Visitors to parents of children aged 9–12 months old.DesignA mixed-methods, early-phase, non-controlled, feasibility study.ParticipantsRecruitment consisted of Group A—HABIT-trained Health Visitors (n=11) and Group B—parents of children aged 9–12 months old about to receive their universal health check (n=35).SettingBradford, West Yorkshire, UK.InterventionA multidisciplinary team co-developed digital and paper-based training resources with health visitors and parents of young children. The intervention comprised of two components: (A) training for health visitors to deliver the HABIT intervention and (B) HABIT resources for parents, including a website, videos, toothbrushing demonstration and a paper-based leaflet with an oral health action plan.Primary and secondary outcome measuresRecruitment, retention and intervention delivery were analysed as key process outcomes for Groups A and B. Group B demographics, self-reported toothbrushing behaviours, dietary habits and three objective measures of toothbrushing including plaque scores were collected at baseline, 2 weeks and 3 months post intervention.ResultsHABIT intervention delivery was feasible. Although the intended sample size was recruited (Group A=11 and Group B=35) it was more challenging than anticipated. Retention of Group B participants to final data collection was satisfactory (n=26). Total compliance with toothbrushing guidelines at baseline was low (30%), but significantly improved and was maintained 3 months after the intervention (68%). Plaque scores improved post intervention and participants found video recording of toothbrushing acceptable. Dietary habits remained largely unchanged.ConclusionThis feasibility study has demonstrated that HABIT is an appropriate oral health intervention. Adaptions to the study design are recommended to maximise recruitment and data collection in a definitive study. These quantitative findings have demonstrated an early signal of impact for improved oral health behaviours for young children at high risk of decay.Trial registration numberISRCTN55332414.
Association between COVID-19 incidence and postponement or cancellation of elective surgeries in Japan until September 2020: a cross-sectional, web-based survey
Authors: Kurokawa Tomohiro , Ozaki Akihiko , Bhandari Divya , Kotera Yasuhiro , Sawano Toyoaki , Kanemoto Yoshiaki , Kanzaki Norio , Ejiri Tomozo , Saito Hiroaki , Kaneda Yudai , Tsubokura Masaharu , Tanimoto Tetsuya , Katanoda Kota , Tabuchi Takahiro 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine whether and how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the postponement or cancellation of elective surgeries in Japan.Design and settingA cross-sectional, web-based, self-administered survey was conducted nationwide from August 25 to September 30 2020. We used data from the Japan ‘COVID-19 and Society’ Internet Survey collected by a large internet research agency, Rakuten Insight, which had approximately 2.2 million qualified panellists in 2019.ParticipantsFrom a volunteer sample of 28 000 participants, we extracted data from 3678 participants with planned elective surgeries on any postponement or cancellation of elective surgeries.Outcome measuresThe main outcome measure was any postponement or cancelltion of elective surgeries. In addition, for all respondents, we extracted data on sociodemographic, health-related characteristics, psychological characteristics and prefectural-level residential areas. We used weighted logistic regression approaches to fulfil the study objectives, minimising potential bias relating to web-based surveys.ResultsOf the 3678 participants, 431 (11.72%) reported experiencing postponement or cancellation of their elective surgeries. Notably, the participants living in prefectures where the declaration of the state of emergency was made on 7 April 2020 were significantly more likely to experience postponement or cancellation of elective surgeries than those residing in prefectures with the state of emergency beginning on 16 April 2020 (174 (26.02%) vs 153 (12.15%)).ConclusionsThe proportion of patients whose elective surgery had been postponed was limited during Japan’s first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, although the declaration of a state of emergency increased the likelihood of postponement. It is imperative to increase awareness of the secondary health effects related to policy intervention in pandemics and other health crises and to use appropriate countermeasures such as standard infectious control measures and triage of surgical patients.
Preterm delivery and its associated factors among mothers in Bangladesh: survey in Rajshahi district
Authors: Hossain Md Aslam , Al Mamun Abu Sayed M , Aik Saw , Karim Md Reazul , Zeshan Mahir Hossain Labib , Sabiruzzaman Md , Islam Md Shariful , Ahmed Sharmin , Hossain Md Golam 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesPreterm delivery (PD) is a worldwide health burden particularly in low-income and middle-income countries such as Bangladesh. It is a key indicator of neonatal mortality and a risk of morbidity in later life. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of PD and its associated factors among mothers in Northern region of Bangladesh.Setting and participantsMultistage sampling technique was used to select samples covering all the population from 9 Upazilas in Rajshahi district with 233 community clinics. A total of 540 mothers and their under-5 children were enrolled for the study. Descriptive statistics, χ2 test and logistic regression model were used to analyse the data.ResultsAmong all live births, the prevalence of PD was found to be 14.6%. Multiple binary logistic regression model suggested five factors of PD: (1) mothers who used contraceptive pill had lower chance of PD (p<0.05); (2) mothers with high fever during pregnancy period were more likely to have PD (p<0.05); (3) mothers who did not receive antenatal care service less than four times during pregnancy period had higher chance of PD (p<0.01); (4) mothers first married before 18 years who were more likely to have PD (p<0.01); (5) PD delivered mothers had more chance to get low birth weight children (p<0.05). In addition, unadjusted model demonstrated that mothers delivered first baby before their age<20 years were more risk to get PD (p<0.05).ConclusionApproximately one in seven infants was born preterm in our study area. Family planning method, number of antenatal care visit, mothers’ age at marriage and high fever during pregnancy were the most important predictors of PD, these factors could be considered to reduce PD among Bangladeshi mothers. PD risk could be reduced by counselling and encouraging women to take antenatal care facilities from trained health providers.
Why do ambulance employees (not) seek organisational help for mental health support? A mixed-methods systematic review protocol of organisational support available and barriers/facilitators to uptake
Authors: Johnston Sasha , Sanderson Kristy , Bowes Lucy , Wild Jennifer 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic is exacerbating a wide range of symptoms of poor mental health among emergency medical service (EMS) ambulance populations. Evidence suggests that using organisational support can improve employee outcomes and in turn, patient outcomes. Understanding why EMS staff do and do not use support services is therefore critical to improving uptake, ensuring equitable access, and potentially influencing workforce well-being, organisational sustainability and patient care delivery. This systematic review aims to identify what support is available and any perceived barriers and facilitators to accessing and utilising organisational support.Methods and analysisSearches performed between 18 February 2022 and 23 February 2022 will be used to identify studies that report barriers and facilitators to EMS employee support among all government/state commissioned EMS ambulance systems. Electronic databases, AMED, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EMBASE, EMCARE, HMIC, Medline and PsycINFO will be searched. All relevant English-language studies of adult employees of government/state commissioned EMS ambulance organisations published since December 2004 will be screened and relevant data extracted by two independent reviewers. A third reviewer will resolve any disagreements.The primary outcome is the identification of perceived barriers or facilitators to EMS staff using organisational support for mental health. The secondary outcome is the identification of supportive interventions offered through or by ambulance trusts. Study selection will follow Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, and the methodological quality of included studies will be appraised by administering rating checklists. A narrative synthesis will be conducted to report qualitative and quantitative data and will include population characteristics, methodological approach and information about barriers and facilitators.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required because only available published data will be analysed. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication and conference presentation.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022299650.
“We don’t routinely check vaccination background in adults”: a national qualitative study of barriers and facilitators to vaccine delivery and uptake in adult migrants through UK primary care
Authors: Carter Jessica , Mehrotra Anushka , Knights Felicity , Deal Anna , Crawshaw Alison F , Farah Yasmin , Goldsmith Lucy Pollyanna , Wurie Fatima , Ciftci Yusuf , Majeed Azeem , Hargreaves Sally 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesExplore primary care professionals’ views around barriers/facilitators to catch-up vaccination in adult migrants (foreign-born; over 18 years of age) with incomplete/uncertain vaccination status and for routine vaccines to inform development of interventions to improve vaccine uptake and coverage.DesignQualitative interview study with purposive sampling and thematic analysis.SettingUK primary care.Participants64 primary care professionals (PCPs): 48 clinical-staff including general practitioners, practice nurses and healthcare assistants; 16 administrative-staff including practice managers and receptionists (mean age 45 years; 84.4% women; a range of ethnicities).ResultsParticipants highlighted direct and indirect barriers to catch-up vaccines in adult migrants who may have missed vaccines as children, missed boosters and not be aligned with the UK’s vaccine schedule, from both personal and service-delivery levels, with themes including: lack of training and knowledge of guidance among staff; unclear or incomplete vaccine records; and lack of incentivisation (including financial) and dedicated time and care pathways. Adult migrants were reported as being excluded from many vaccination initiatives, most of which focus exclusively on children. Where delivery models existed, they were diverse and fragmented, but included a combination of opportunistic and proactive programmes. PCPs noted that migrants expressed to them a range of views around vaccines, from positivity to uncertainty, to refusal, with specific nationality groups reported as more hesitant about specific vaccines, including measles, mumps and rubella (MMR).ConclusionsWHO’s new Immunization Agenda 2030 calls for greater focus to be placed on delivering vaccination across the life course, targeting underimmunised groups for catch-up vaccination at any age, and UK primary care services therefore have a key role. Vaccine uptake in adult migrants could be improved through implementing new financial incentives or inclusion of adult migrant vaccination targets in Quality Outcomes Framework, strengthening care pathways and training and working directly with local community-groups to improve understanding around the benefits of vaccination at all ages.
Burnout and coping strategies among nurses in Malaysia: a national-level cross-sectional study
Authors: Zakaria Nursyahda , Zakaria Nor Haniza , Bin Abdul Rassip Muhammad Nur Amir , Lee Kun Yun 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveThis national-level study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of burnout, as well as the coping strategies among nurses in the Ministry of Health (MOH) Malaysia.DesignUsing a complex sampling design, a two-stage stratified cluster sampling was performed to recruit MOH nurses between August and November 2019.Setting and participantsA total of 2428 nurses from 32 hospitals and 28 district health offices answered the questionnaires based on Maslach Burnout Inventory for Human Services and Brief COPE. Complex sampling analysis was applied.Outcome measuresThe outcome of interest was the prevalence of burnout and its three domains of emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalisation (DP) and low personal accomplishment. ORs using 95% CIs were calculated. Significant factors at the univariate level were entered into the multivariate logistic regression to identify independent predictors of burnout.ResultsOne in four (24.4%) nurses experienced burnout. Younger, single, and childless nurses had a higher prevalence of burnout. Shift working nurses were 1.6 times more likely to develop burnout. Those who performed >6 night shifts per month were 1.5 times more predisposed to burnout (95% CI 1.01 to 2.36; p<0.05). While encountering traumatic events at work led to 4.2 times (95% CI 2.31, 7.63; p<0.05) higher risk of burnout, those who received post-traumatic psychological support were better protected. The use of dysfunctional coping strategies was detrimental as it was positively correlated with EE and DP.ConclusionAddressing modifiable stressors of burnout at individual and institutional levels identified in this study can be potentially beneficial in reducing burnout and its undesirable effects among nurses. Interventions that promote positive coping strategies should be implemented. Organisational-driven efforts must target the improvement of work schedules for nurses and the establishment of a structured debriefing service for post-trauma counselling.
United Kingdom Early Detection Initiative (UK-EDI): protocol for establishing a national multicentre cohort of individuals with new-onset diabetes for early detection of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Oldfield Lucy , Stott Martyn , Hanson Robert , Jackson Richard J , Reynolds William , Chandran-Gorner Vatshala , Van Der Meer Robert , Alison Laurence , Tejeiro Ricardo , Purewal Tejpal , Ghaneh Paula , Palmer Daniel , Greenhalf William , Halloran Chris , Costello Eithne 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionPancreatic cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Screening for this disease has potential to improve survival. It is not feasible, with current screening modalities, to screen the asymptomatic adult population. However, screening of individuals in high-risk groups is recommended. Our study aims to provide resources and data that will inform strategies to screen individuals with new-onset diabetes (NOD) for pancreatic cancer.Methods and analysisThe United Kingdom Early Detection Initiative (UK-EDI) for pancreatic cancer is a national, prospective, observational cohort study that aims to recruit 2500 individuals with NOD (<6 months postdiagnosis) aged 50 years and over, with follow-up every 6 months, over a 3-year period. For study eligibility, diagnosis of diabetes is considered to be clinical measurement of haemoglobin A1c ≥48 mmol/mol. Detailed clinical information and biospecimens will be collected at baseline and follow-up to support the development of molecular, epidemiological and demographic biomarkers for earlier detection of pancreatic cancer in the high-risk NOD group. Socioeconomic impacts and cost-effectiveness of earlier detection of pancreatic cancer in individuals with NOD will be evaluated. The UK-EDI NOD cohort will provide a bioresource for future early detection research to be conducted.Ethics and disseminationThe UK-EDI study has been reviewed and approved by the London-West London and GTAC Research Ethics Committee (Ref 20/LO/0058). Study results will be disseminated through presentations at national and international symposia and publication in peer-reviewed, Open Access journals.
Patient survey examining the experience of care of a hospital-based opt-out tobacco dependency treatment service (the CURE Project)
Authors: Hryhorskyj Lynn , Howle Freya , Groom Kathryn , Moore Ryan , Clegg Hannah , Shackley David , Pearce Cheryl , Baugh Monique , Rutherford Michael , Huddart Helen , Mawson Alyshia , Manley Emily , Hewitt Kath , Coyne Jane , Benbow Elizabeth , Crossfield Andrea , Murray Rachael L , Evison Matthew 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionTreating tobacco dependency in patients admitted to hospital is a key priority in the National Health Service long-term plan. This service evaluation assessed the perception, needs and experience of care within an opt-out hospital-based tobacco dependency treatment service (the Conversation, Understand, Replace, Experts and Evidence Base (CURE) team) in North-West England.MethodsA survey was offered to all eligible patients between 1 July 2020 and 30 September 2020. Eligibility criteria were adult patients identified as an active smoker being approached by the CURE team as part of the standard opt-out service model, on a non-covid ward without a high suspicion of COVID-19 infection and able to read and write in English.Results106 completed surveys were evaluated. Participants demonstrated high levels of tobacco dependency with an average of 37 years smoking history and 66% describing the onset of cravings within 30 min of hospital admission. The average number quit attempts in the previous 12 months was 1.3 but only 9% had used the most effective National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommended treatments. 100% felt the opt-out service model was appropriate and 96% stated the treatment and support they had received had prompted them to consider a further quit attempt. 82% of participants rated their experience of care as 9/10 or 10/10. Participants wanted a broad range of support post discharge with the most popular option being with their general practitioner. 66% and 65% of participants would have been interested in a vaping kit as stop smoking intervention and support vaping-friendly hospital grounds respectively.ConclusionThese results suggest this hospital-based, opt-out tobacco dependency treatment service delivers high-quality experience of care and meets the needs of the patients it serves. It also highlights the opportunity to enhance outcomes by providing access to NICE recommended most-effective interventions (varenicline, vaping and combination nicotine replacement therapy) and providing flexible, individualised discharge pathways.
Efficient tripartite scheme of remotely sharing single-qubit operation with five-qubit Brown state
Authors: Yuan Hao , Zhang Gang , Kong Min , Zhang Zhanjun 
Published: October 2022

A tripartite operation sharing scheme is put forward by employing a five-qubit entangled state [proposed by Brown et al., J. Phys. A 38, 1119 (2005)] as quantum channel. Its sharer asymmetry and its success determinacy are both identified. Moreover, its security is ensured via analyses. In terms of current techniques, its experimental feasibility is discussed and thus confirmed. Furthermore, its comparison with Ye et al.’s scheme [Chin. Phys. Lett. 30, 020301 (2013)] utilizing the same quantum channel is made and shows its distinct advantage of degrading the intensity and difficulty of necessary operations.