bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neospora caninum infection in aborting bovines and lost fetuses: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nayeri Tooran , Moosazadeh Mahmood , Sarvi Shahabeddin , Daryani Ahmad 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundNeospora caninum(N.caninum) is known to be a major cause of reproductive failure in cattle herds around the world. Therefore, the current comprehensive study was performed to estimate the global prevalence ofN.caninuminfection in bovines that had an abortion and aborted fetuses.MethodsIn this study, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus, and ProQuest databases were systematically searched for relevant studies up until November 4, 2021. Pooled prevalence and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using a random effect model. Other analyzes performed on the data of this study include sensitivity analysis, publication bias test, and quality assessment.ResultsThe final analyses included 71 studies conducted on 2965 abortive cattle and 4805 aborted fetuses. The overall prevalence rates ofN.caninuminfection in bovines that had an abortion were 47% and 1% using serological and molecular methods. Furthermore, overall prevalence rates ofN.caninuminfection in bovine aborted fetuses globally were 35% (95% CI: 8%–62%) and 43% (95% CI: 35%–52%) using serological and molecular methods.ConclusionsThe results of this study showed the high prevalence ofN.caninuminfection in bovines that had an abortion and aborted fetuses. It is hoped that the results of this study will help prevent abortion in bovines around the world and encourage further studies to determine the impact of this parasite on the occurrence of abortion that may help reduce the economic damage caused by abortion worldwide.
‘‘Obesity associated with depression, environmental factors, and stress related eatings’’
Authors: Zahra Arbab , Moazzama Syeda , Jamal Zeinab , Saleem Ayesha , Asghar Maham 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective:
Recently in Pakistan obesity is a health problem. The relationship between depression, stress, social factors, emotional eating, and obesity is investigated in this study. Much research has been done on obesity and its associated factors like depression, stress level also the concerning problems caused by the obesity. The aim of this survey was to investigate that how depression, social factors, and stress-related eating are associated to obesity and overweight.
Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted and distributed among different cities of Pakistan. Data was collected through questionnaire conducted online through Google Forms and distributed in different WhatsApp groups. Our research was conducted on both gender (male and female) and age of the participants ranged from 15 years and above within the region of Pakistan. SPSS.21 used for statistical purposes and the graphical data obtained.
Results:
A total of 134 responses were obtained, out of which 39.5% were obese. Various variables were taken as 47.3% respondents suffered from depression, 24.8% had the family history of obesity, 20% those who skipped their meal they lose their weight.
Conclusion:
Obesity is a multifactorial disease that caused by a combination of biological, genetic, social, environmental, and behavioral determinants.
Laughing Out Loud
Authors: Champion Jared N. , Kunze Peter C. 
Published: May 2022

This chapter by Jared N. Champion and Peter C. Kunze compares understandings of the stand-up comedian as a public, social, and cultural figure alongside theorizations of the public intellectual. Stand-up comedians do not only translate the ideas of traditional intellectuals; they often contribute to and comment upon such insights. Consequently, they stand as public intellectuals in their own right, and they often present themselves as such in the public arena—on stage, in writing, on television. Examining stand-up comedians as public intellectuals reframes stand-up comedy as a performance practice with political consequences.
Smartphone Sociology
Authors: Tyagi Ila 
Published: May 2022

In his stand-up and elsewhere, Aziz Ansari maps the topography of what he calls “phone world.” Phone world is all-consuming. In this essay, contributor Ila Tyagi argues that its omnipresence makes understanding it better vital, and that Ansari helps audiences think through just what it means to live within it. Tyagi unfolds this argument over three sections, in which the contributor examines Ansari’s attentiveness to writing text messages, a medium in which speed and brevity are key, and tone often difficult to glean as a result; his interest in how communicating via text message is affecting social etiquette; and finally, his investigation of the emotional toll that inhabiting a world whose social etiquette is in flux takes on us. The torsion between public culture and private intimacy is an abiding preoccupation for him, traceable across his entire oeuvre.
“Killer Closer”
Authors: Clark Thomas 
Published: May 2022

This chapter by Thomas Clark explores Doug Stanhope as a white libertarian stand-up challenging foundational beliefs about society, morality, and human behaviour with his own unequivocally harsh reality in contrast both to charged humor models as well as queering stand-up strategies that suspend stable referential categories. It provides an overview of his political positions, his diverse uses of media, the ambivalences of his performative persona and ideology, and his commercial success. Select passages of his stand-up material are subject to a close reading. As embodied by Stanhope, whose material is more frequently explicitly political and even policy-oriented, this comic approach does not conform to Krefting’s model of “charged humor.” Exploring the juggling act of wanting to impart hilarity, horror, and a genuinely cathartic message about existence, Stanhope acknowledges the limits of his critical practice as a foundational indictment and the failure in the act of performatively succeeding.
What the Children Said
Authors: Soileau Jeanne Pitre 
Published: May 2022

Jeanne Pitre Soileau vividly presents children’s voices in What the Children Said: Child Lore of South Louisiana. Including over six hundred handclaps, chants, jokes, jump-rope rhymes, cheers, taunts, and teases, this book takes the reader through a fifty-year history of child speech as it has influenced children’s lives. What the Children Said affirms that children's play in south Louisiana is acquired along a network of summer camps, schoolyards, church gatherings, and sleepovers with friends. When children travel, they obtain new games and rhymes and bring them home. The volume also reveals, in the words of the children themselves, how young people deal with racism and sexism. The children argue and outshout one another, policing their own conversations, stating their own prejudices, and vying with one another for dominion. The first transcript in the book tracks a conversation among three related boys and shows that racism is part of the family interchange. Among second-grade boys and girls at a Catholic school, another transcript presents numerous examples in which boys use insults to dominate a conversation with girls, and girls use giggles and sly comebacks to counter this aggression. Though collected in the areas of New Orleans, Baton Rouge, and Lafayette, Louisiana, this volume shows how south Louisiana child lore is connected to other English-speaking places: England, Scotland, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand, as well as the rest of the United States.
The Backfisch and Fantasies of Growth
Authors: Pfeiffer Julie 
Published: May 2022

Girls’ fiction contributes to the education of girls who will replicate the nation in their labor and in their political beliefs. This chapter moves beyond the girl’s individual contributions to the great social household and argues that narratives of adolescent development also provide an example of powerful transformation for countries struggling with national identity. Set in the context of the American Civil War and the German wars of unification, these novels reflected, reinforced, and troubled key themes both countries explored as they attempted to move their states from “adolescence” to mature power and function. Like the political speeches of the day, Backfisch novels explore strategies for using pain as a force for maturation rather than bitterness, they acknowledge the significance of freedom and the need to regulate it, and they negotiate the issue of borders and the tension between inclusion and exclusion.
Evaluation of indicators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in rats depending on the type of high-calorie diet
Authors: Gileva O. G. , Butolin E. G. , Tereshchenko M. V. , Ivanov V. G. 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND: Recently, there has been an increase in the number of cardiovascular diseases and mortality rates among the population. This may be due to a violation of metabolic processes in the body, in particular lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, caused by an unbalanced high-calorie diet.PURPOSE: To study and compare the main indicators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in a fructose-fortified diet and a diet with a high fat content under experimental conditions.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out on outbred white rats, males, which were divided into 3 groups — a control group and two experimental ones, 15 individuals in each. The rats of the first experimental group were kept on a high-fat diet, the second experimental group was assigned a fructose-enriched diet for 35 days. The control group was on a balanced diet. We studied the changes in the parameters of carbohydrate (glucose, insulin, insulin resistance indices) and lipid (cholesterol-, high- and low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides) metabolism on the 21st, 35th and 60th days of the experiment. The results were statistically processed using the Mann-Whitney test. The study design is retrospective.RESULTS: During the experiment, an increase in the content of glucose, insulin, and lipid metabolism parameters was observed in the experimental groups. Moreover, the content of glucose and insulin in a fructose-fortified diet increased by 18.7% (p = 0,009), 22.2% (p = 0,076), 21.5% (p = 0,009) and 50% (p = 0,009), 62.5% (p = 0,009), 106.3% (p = 0,009) over the days of the experiment, respectively. The increase in lipid metabolism was more pronounced in the experimental group, which had an increased fat content in the diet, already in the first time period of the experiment: cholesterol — by 80,8% (p = 0,009), low-density lipoproteins — by 100% (p = 0,009), triglycerides — by 120% (p = 0,009), high-density lipoproteins — by 60.9% (p = 0,009).CONCLUSION: The experimental data obtained show changes in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism due to increased consumption of fats and fructose.
Simulation of a reactor considering the Stamicarbon, Snamprogetti, and Toyo patents for obtaining urea
Authors: Guzmán Rommel Ortiz , Lazo Antonio Bueno 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In the present work, the plug flow reactor of a urea production plant from ammonia produced from natural gas of the Camisea fields (Peru) was designed, comparatively analyzing three commercial processes currently in operation: Stamicarbon, Snamprogetti, and Toyo. ASPEN PLUS software was used as a simulation tool. To carry out the simulation and subsequent comparison of the three urea production patents, it will start from the same feed of ammonia (37,851 kmol/day) and carbon dioxide (18,989 kmol/day) for the three cases. For the design of urea synthesis reactors, reactors of the same size (2.3 m diameter and 29 m length) were designed. The results are graphs that illustrate the variation of the length of the reactor with the reaction temperature, the variation of the length of the reactor with the residence time, and the variation of the conversion with the time for each patent.
DPG Methods for a Fourth-Order div Problem
Authors: Führer Thomas , Herrera Pablo , Heuer Norbert 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We study a fourth-order div problem and its approximation by the discontinuous Petrov–Galerkin method with optimal test functions.
We present two variants, based on first and second-order systems.
In both cases, we prove well-posedness of the formulation and quasi-optimal convergence of the approximation.
Our analysis includes the fully-discrete schemes with approximated test functions, for general dimension and polynomial degree in the first-order case, and for two dimensions and lowest-order approximation in the second-order case.
Numerical results illustrate the performance for quasi-uniform and adaptively refined meshes.
Two hide-search games with rapid strategies for multiple parallel searches
Authors: Creasey Peter E. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Making a rapid unpredictable decision from

N

N

choices of unequal value is a common control task. When the cost of predictability can be modelled as a penalty hidden under a single option by an intelligent adversary, then an optimal strategy can be found efficiently in

O

(

N
log
N

)

O\left(N\log N)

steps using an approach described by Sakaguchi for a zero-sum hide-search game. In this work, we extend this to two games with multiple parallel predictions, either coordinated or drawn independently from the optimal distribution, both of which can be solved with the same scaling. An open-source code is provided online at https://github.com/pec27/rams.
Experimental study on corrosion characteristics of ATOMET 4601 + TiC alloy steels
Authors: Kandavel Thanjavur Krishnammorthy , Jayaprakash Arumugam , Muthukumar Venkat Krishna 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The corrosion characteristics of newly synthesized (ATOMET 4601 + 2%TiC) high strength alloy steels through powder metallurgy (P/M) technique has been under taken in the present research work. The green compacts of 0.5 aspect ratio (h/d) were sintered at 1100 ± 10 °C for 30 min in nitrogen purged electric muffle furnace. The sintered compacts were cold forged to obtain various densities of alloy steels preforms. Electrochemical and aqueous immersion corrosion tests were carried out on the cold forged alloy steels using pickling acid medium at various time periods. The experimental results show that the addition of TiC to the ATOMET 4601 decreases the corrosion rate of alloy steel and the corrosion rate is found to decrease with increase in density in the alloy steel compositions. Surface morphology, SEM, and XRD were also corroborated with the corrosion characteristics of the P/M alloy steels.
Interfacial structure and properties of isotactic polybutene-1/polyethylene blends
Authors: Niu Xiu , Wen Shuai , Sun Lili , Liu Yongjia , He Aihua , Nie Huarong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Polymer blending is one of the most economical and effective techniques for achieving products with high comprehensive performances. However, the immiscibility between polymers results in a weak interface, which is typically the position where material failure starts when an external force is applied. Therefore, understanding and controlling the interfacial structure are important for controlling the failure behavior of polymer blends and achieving advanced materials. In this study, the related work was performed on a crystal/crystal blend of isotactic polybutene-1 and polyethylene (iPB-1/PE). The results indicated that iPB-1 and PE were partially miscible in a wide temperature window (140–220°C), and the phase separation of iPB-1/PE blends was retarded at 180°C, resulting in an increase in the interfacial thickness and interfacial adhesive strength when iPB-1/PE crystallized at a low temperature. In addition, the iPB-1/high-density PE (HDPE) samples exhibited higher interfacial adhesive strength than the iPB-1/linear low-density PE, which was attributed to the relative streamline chain structure and the wide molecular weight distribution of HDPE and improved the interpenetration, crystallization, and miscibility of iPB-1 and HDPE at the interface. During storage at room temperature, the interfacial adhesive strength of iPB-1/PE decreased because of the spontaneous crystal transition of iPB-1.
Rhinoscleroma – A unique masquerader. A retrospective case series
Authors: Nayak M. Deepak , Shenoy Laxmi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objectives: Rhinoscleroma is a rare infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract caused by Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis. Apart from mandating an appropriate antibiotic therapy, it poses a unique challenge to the pathologists since it can clinically simulate a malignancy. The main objective was to study the cases of rhinoscleroma of the respiratory tract in a period of 3 years with an emphasis on the clinico-pathologic features.
Methods: We report a retrospective analysis of 7 cases, histopathologically diagnosed at our centre as rhino-scleroma. The topography ranged from nasal mucosa (3), pharynx (2) and larynx (2).
Results: Histopathological examination in all cases showed diffuse aggregates of foamy macrophages (Mikulicz cells) containing intracytoplasmic basophilic organisms; admixed with plasma cells in a fibrotic stroma. The overlying epithelium appeared atrophic to focally hyperplastic. The age ranged from 36–67 years, involving both genders. The significant clinical history included a nasal block without anosmia, atrophic rhinitis with septal perforation to subglottic stenosis, requiring immediate surgical intervention. In 4 of the 7 cases, the working clinical diagnosis was stipulated as a malignancy.
Conclusions: Rhinoscleroma can affect different regions in the upper aero digestive tract. A lack of awareness and a delay in the diagnosis of this disease can lead to complications including upper airway obstruction, physical deformity, and rarely, sepsis. In addition, it must be remembered that the treatment of rhinoscleroma is challenging and requires a prolonged course of antibiotics to achieve a definite cure and avoid relapses.
Formation rate of benzyl cations in various aqueous solutions containing different concentrations of acid but with a specific proton activity in lignin acidolysis
Authors: Ito Hiroaki , Yokoyama Tomoya 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to clarify the effect of different solvents, aqueous 1,4-dioxane, ethanol, or ethylene glycol at various mol%, on the formation rate of the benzyl cation, which forms via two steps, the protonation of the benzyl hydroxy or alkoxy group as a pre-equilibrium step and subsequent liberation of the water or corresponding alcohol molecule, respectively, in a model system of the lignin acidolysis, focusing on distinguishing the effects on both steps. For this aim, the acidolysis reactions were conducted in various aqueous solutions and organic solvents that showed a specific proton activity to establish the pre-equilibrium at a specific position. The formation rate of the benzyl cation showed minima in the intermediate mol% range. However, these rate differences were much smaller than those observed in the previous report where the aqueous solutions were prepared to contain a specific acid concentration and show different proton activities and thus the net effect of the solvent type on both steps was indistinguishable. These results clearly showed that the solvent type affects the first step (the proton activity) much more than the last step (the solvent-dissociating power). This paper also describes the preparation of the aqueous solutions to demonstrate a specific proton activity.
Wellposedness of impulsive functional abstract second-order differential equations with state-dependent delay
Authors: Karthikeyan Kulandhivel , Tamizharasan Dhatchinamoorthy , Abdeljawad Thabet , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study investigates the functional abstract second order impulsive differential equation with state-dependent delay. The major result of this study is that the abstract second-order impulsive differential equation with state-dependent delay system has at least one solution and is unique. After that, the wellposed condition is defined. Following that, we look at whether the proposed problem is wellposed. Finally, some illustrations of our findings are provided.
Venture financing risk assessment and risk control algorithm for small and medium-sized enterprises in the era of big data
Authors: Li Jiehui 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The existing risk assessment and control methods of enterprise risk financing have a large error in mobile data, which leads to inaccurate risk assessment results and low-risk optimization control efficiency. In order to improve the accuracy of risk financing risk assessment for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and risk control optimization efficiency, this article proposes risk assessment and risk control algorithms for SMEs in the era of big data. Through verifying the information of the loan application and supplementing the data during the loan period, invoke the existing enterprise financing risk database, establish the SME venture financing risk assessment model; build the risk evaluation index system according to the characteristics of the enterprise production organization, process characteristics, and the development of the socioeconomic and technical environment; apply the GA–PSO algorithm to the design of the SME risk financing risk control scheme, and complete the SME risk financing risk assessment and risk control. The experimental results show that the risk optimization control efficiency of the control algorithm reaches more than 70%, and the risk assessment accuracy of SMEs reaches over 95%, and the runtime less than 80 ms, with good convergence performance of risk assessment and control, strong risk optimization control ability, and accurate evaluation effect.
Effect of anesthesia selection on neonatal outcomes in cesarean hysterectomies for placenta accreta spectrum (PAS)
Authors: Munoz Jessian L. , Hernandez Brian , Curbelo Jacqueline , Ramsey Patrick S. , Ireland Kayla E. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Optimal treatment for placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is late-preterm cesarean hysterectomy to minimize maternal morbidity. This study aims to assess the impact of surgical planning during this gestational age on neonates as a key part of the pregnancy dyad.

Methods
A retrospective cohort analysis was performed of 115 singleton, non-anomalous pregnancies complicated by PAS at the University of Texas Health San Antonio Placenta Accreta program from 2005 to 2020. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the individual impact of variables such as anesthesia selection, advancing gestational age and operative characteristics.

Results
With regards to neonatal intubation, on multivariate analysis, neuraxial anesthesia (OR=0.09, [95% CI 0.02, 0.37]) and advancing gestational age (OR=0.49 [95% CI 0.34, 0.71]) were independent protective factors. In addition, NICU length of stay was directly impacted by neuraxial anesthesia (IRR=0.73, [95% CI 0.55, 0.97]) and advancing gestational age (IRR=0.80 [95% CI 0.76, 0.84]), resulting in shorter NICU admissions.

Conclusions
As gestational age at delivery may not be modifiable in cases of PAS, the utilization of neuraxial anesthesia (as oppose to general anesthesia) presents a modifiable intervention which may optimize neonatal outcomes from cesarean hysterectomy.