bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aspergillus flavus genetic structure at a turkey farm
Authors: Cherif Ghaya , Hadrich Ines , Harrabi Myriam , Kallel Aicha , Fakhfekh Nejla , Messaoud Mariem , Abdallah Hajer Ben , Azeiz Ons , Kallel Kalthoum , Ranque Stéphane 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe ubiquitous environmental fungus Aspergillus flavus is also a life‐threatening avian pathogen.ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of A. flavus isolated from turkey lung biopsy or environmental samples collected in a poultry farm.MethodsA. flavus isolates were identified using both morphological and ITS sequence features. Multilocus microsatellite genotyping was performed by using a panel of six microsatellite markers. Population genetic indices were computed using FSTAT and STRUCTURE. A minimum‐spanning tree (MST) and UPGMA dendrogram were drawn using BioNumerics and NTSYS‐PC, respectively.ResultsThe 63 environmental (air, surfaces, eggshells and food) A. flavus isolates clustered in 36 genotypes (genotypic diversity = 0.57), and the 19 turkey lung biopsies isolates clustered in 17 genotypes (genotypic diversity = 0.89). The genetic structure of environmental and avian A. flavus populations were clearly differentiated, according to both F‐statistics and Bayesian model‐based analysis’ results. The Bayesian approach indicated gene flow between both A. flavus populations. The MST illustrated the genetic structure of this A. flavus population split in nine clusters, including six singletons.ConclusionsOur results highlight the distinct genetic structure of environmental and avian A. flavus populations, indicative of a genome‐based adaptation of isolates involved in avian aspergillosis.
Vermifiltration: Strategies and techniques to enhance the organic and nutrient removal performance from wastewater
Authors: Dey Chowdhury Sanket , Bhunia Puspendu , Surampalli Rao Y. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe vermifiltration (VF) technology has gained significant attention as a green alternative for remediating domestic and industrial wastewater over the last few decades. Of late, the implementation of various modifications to the orthodox VF technology, including tweaks in the design and operation of the vermifilters, has been portrayed in the available literature. However, owing to the scatteredness of the available information, the knowledge regarding the execution of the modified vermifilters is still inadequate. Hence, an effort has been made to comprehensively overview the innovative strategies and techniques adopted to improve the organic and nutrient removal potential of the VFs from wastewater. In addition, future perspectives have been recognized to design more efficient and sustainable VFs. This review explores more of such novel tactics to improve the performance of the VF technology regarding organic and nutrient removal from wastewater.Practitioner Points
Innovative strategies and techniques implemented to VF technology were comprehensively overviewed.
Design modification and advantages of each innovation were highlighted.
The pollutant removal performance of every modification was emphasized.
Modified vermifilters were better than the conventional vermifilters in terms of organic and nutrient removal from the wastewater.
Introduction
Authors: Ricarte Joana 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis introductory chapter aims to situate the research puzzle by positioning its main object in the state-of-the-art. It introduces the main argument of the book which is that protracted peace processes occupy a central position in the cycle of protractedness insofar as the policies, narratives, norms and practices associated with them have the double potential of affecting identities in conflict by promoting dehumanization or reconciliation. While the former is the dominating feature of othering in protracted conflicts, what tends to be reinforced by the interactions and new grievances sparked by protracted peace processes through time, their parallel and coexisting dynamics point to the appearance of empirically observable activities and practices that have emerged alongside—as a consequence—and within the very framework—as a desired outcome—of the protracted peace process. By exploring the dual process of dehumanization and peace-less reconciliation in ongoing conflicts, this chapter delineates the contribution of the book connected with the analysis of the conditions that have allowed for one process to prevail over the other, which points to avenues for positive conflict transformation.
The Construction of Identities in Protracted Conflicts
Authors: Ricarte Joana 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the concepts of identity and conflict. Drawing from many others who place identity as the central factor explaining the mutually reinforcing dynamics of protracted conflicts and protracted peace processes, this chapter suggests that the processes of identity building in protracted conflicts bear specific characteristics due to the multigenerational aspects of these contexts. The argument developed is that peace processes in this kind of conflicts tend to become protracted themselves, turning into a structure of their own that impact perceptions about the ‘self’ and the ‘other’, thus influencing the negative dimension of identity—the detachment or difference from others—and, therefore, the very behavior and interests of actors involved in the conflict. For this reason, identity and violence must be read as mutually constituted in the cases of historical conflicts, making it impossible to discuss conflict transformation without addressing the main categories of identity and violence, as well as their interconnectedness.
The Twenty-First Century ‘No War, No Peace’: From the Second Intifada to the Stalemate of the Protracted Peace Process
Authors: Ricarte Joana 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines the period from the Second Intifada (2001) to nowadays, following the failure of the implementation of the Oslo Accords. It suggests that a politics of ‘no war, no peace’ has been established and normalized, while cultural violence has deepened despite the efforts of the longest peace process in contemporary history. It examines the effects at the observable level of the stalemate of the protracted peace process and the institutionalization of dehumanization as a radical political agenda. One of the main effects of the now stalled peace process, it explores how peace has been subcontracted by the very actors of the dying peace process that act as donors and sponsors of an increasing number of civil society organizations (CSOs) and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that have been involved in the peacebuilding process by bridging reconciliation in the societal level. The argument developed is that the dual and simultaneous processes of dehumanization and peace-less reconciliation that work in parallel in this conflict suggests that in the almost absence of the peace process there have emerged and intensified several activities that seek to counteract the already verified tendency of dehumanization in the societal level, pointing to alternative routes and their potential for peacemaking.
Conclusion: Unraveling the Cycle of Protractedness
Authors: Ricarte Joana 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBy unraveling the dimensions and dynamics of the ‘cycle of protractedness’, the concluding chapter contributes to the development and reexamination of key concepts in the field of International Relations, providing a renewed analysis of the role of the Israeli-Palestinian protracted peace process in the conflict and its transformation. It concludes that, even though dehumanization dominates in ongoing conflicts, it is possible to identify activities undertaken by local and international actors in the societal level that have developed alongside—as a consequence—and within the very framework—as a desired outcome—of the protracted peace process. In terms of policy design and policy making, the findings of this book provide some clues for the intensification of new—underexplored—avenues for conflict transformation that favor reconciliation rather than reinforcing dehumanization. Although focused on a single case study, being that of Israel and Palestine, the findings of this research can be applied to other cases of protracted social conflicts by way of lessons learned.
The Youth Guarantee in Eastern Europe. A Systematic Review
Authors: Neagu Gabriela 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Youth Guarantee (YG) is one of the most innovative European programs for young people. Given the complexity of the program for the analysis of its effectiveness and efficiency, it is necessary to provide clear information, supported by scientific evidence. This paper aims to examine the empirical evidence on the social outcomes of the YG program in the countries of Eastern Europe. The present analysis is based on a systematic review, a scientific method is effective for both decision-makers and the scientific community because the data they use and submit to the analysis are classified and evaluated based on scientific criteria, and objectives that allow obtaining a complete, up-to-date, and reliable images. The credibility of the investigated sources is ensured by including in the analysis only the reports published by the European institutions (European Commission, European Council, etc.) regarding YG. Through the analysis of these documents, we found that YG led to an increase in the employability rate of young people, their level of education, and social integration, to the development of self-confidence in their competencies but also in institutions (schools, PES, employers, etc.).
Jurisprudence Evolved in Cases Involving Standard Essential Patents
Authors: Bharadwaj Ashish , Devaiah Vishwas H. , Gupta Indranath 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSSO IPR Policies generally require two specific commitments from members who intend to submit their underlying technology toward standard development process. The undertaking provided by a prospective implementer to an SSO is that it will make full disclosures of the existing patents and any pending patent applications that are relevant toward the standards development process. SSO members pledging patents toward standard development process are also under an obligation to issue licenses to all implementer on fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory terms.
Infrared phases of 3D class R theories
Authors: Choi Sunjin , Gang Dongmin , Kim Hee-Cheol 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We study the IR phases of 3D class R theories associated with closed non-hyperbolic 3-manifolds. Non-hyperbolic 3-manifolds can be obtained by performing Dehn fillings on 1-cusped hyperbolic 3-manifolds along exceptional slopes. In 3D-3D correspondence, the ‘exceptional’ Dehn filling corresponds to the gauging of an SU(2) flavor symmetry in a superconformal field theory associated with a 1-cusped 3-manifold with ‘small’ Chern-Simons levels. With several explicit examples, we analyze various interesting non-perturbative IR phenomena (such as spontaneous SUSY breaking, generation of mass gap and supersymmetry enhancement) from the ‘exceptional’ gaugings. Interestingly, distinguished features of the IR phases can be captured by simple topological properties of non-hyperbolic 3-manifolds. We also find that 3D class R theories associated with certain classes of atoroidal non-hyperbolic 3-manifolds always exhibit supersymmetry enhancement at low energy and actually flow to 3D rank-0 $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SCFTs with trivial vacuum moduli space.
Nonrelativistic expansion of M2 branes and M theory backgrounds
Authors: Roychowdhury Dibakar 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We initiate a systematic analysis of the nonrelativistic membrane solutions of M theory using the notion of 11d membrane Newton-Cartan (MNC) geometry as well as considering a 1/c2 expansion for the embedding fields of the M2 brane world-volume theory. We discuss the associated boost and dilatation symmetries of the nonrelativistic world-volume theory at leading order in the 1/c expansion. We show that, in the static gauge, when the world-volume directions of the nonrelativistic M2 brane are stretched along the longitudinal axes of the target space geometry, the leading order action in the 1/c expansion becomes trivial. In other words, the nontrivial dynamics appears to be only at NLO and beyond. In our analysis, we focus on such embeddings only and obtain the corresponding dispersion relation associated with the nonrelativistic world-volume theory.
Projectivity in (bounded) commutative integral residuated lattices
Authors: Aglianò Paolo , Ugolini Sara 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we study projective algebras in varieties of (bounded) commutative integral residuated lattices. We make use of a well-established construction in residuated lattices, the ordinal sum, and the order property of divisibility. Via the connection between projective and splitting algebras, we show that the only finite projective algebra in $$\mathsf {{FL}_{ew}}$$

FL
ew

is the two-element Boolean algebra. Moreover, we show that several interesting varieties have the property that every finitely presented algebra is projective, such as locally finite varieties of hoops. Furthermore, we show characterization results for finite projective Heyting algebras, and finitely generated projective algebras in locally finite varieties of bounded hoops and BL-algebras. Finally, we connect our results with the algebraic theory of unification.
Reflection Formulas for Order Derivatives of Bessel Functions
Authors: González-Santander Juan Luis 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFrom new integral representations of the n-th derivative of Bessel functions with respect to the order, we derive some reflection formulas for the first and second order derivatives of $$J_{\nu }\left( t\right) $$

J
ν

t

and $$Y_{\nu }\left( t\right) $$

Y
ν

t

for integral order, and for the n-th order derivatives of $$I_{\nu }\left( t\right) $$

I
ν

t

and $$K_{\nu }\left( t\right) $$

K
ν

t

for arbitrary real order. As an application of the reflection formulas obtained for the first order derivative, we extend some formulas given in the literature to negative integral order. Also, as a by-product, we calculate an integral which does not seem to be reported in the literature.
Impact of Age on Prognosis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: How Should Age be Incorporated into the Treatment Strategy?
Authors: Sugino Kiminori , Matsuzu Kenichi , Nagahama Mitsuji , Kitagawa Wataru , Suzuki Akifumi , Tomoda Chisato , Hames Kiyomi Yamada , Akaishi Junko , Masaki Chie , Yoshioka Kana , Saito Yoshiyuki , Ito Koichi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAge has been recognized as one of the strong prognostic indicators for thyroid cancer. However, treatment strategies for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) are usually determined only by the extent of disease progression, without considering the patient's age. The aim of this study was to investigate how the surgical strategy for PTC should take into account patient age.MethodsTo exclude the effect of treatment strategy, 837 patients treated with uniform treatment strategies (hemithyroidectomy without radioiodine therapy) between 1986 and 1995 were the subjects of this study. Using a Cox proportional hazard model, clinical risk factors related to disease‐specific survival (DSS), disease‐free survival (DFS), and distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS) were analyzed. A receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to identify the optimal cutoff points.ResultsSignificant risk factors related to DSS and DMFS were age, extrathyroidal extension (ETE), and numbers of metastatic lymph nodes (NMLNs), but age was not significantly related to DFS. The 20‐year DSS and DMFS rates were fair in patients without ETE regardless of age or NMLNs. However, in patients with ETE, DSS and DMFS rates were significantly worse in elderly patients than in young patients. ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal cutoff age was 48 years for discriminating DSS in patients with ETE.ConclusionRegardless of age, PTC patients without ETE are candidates for a treatment strategy not using RAI, and more aggressive treatment may be recommended for elderly PTC patients with ETE.
Acidic Exo-Polysaccharide Obtained from Bacillus sp. NRC5 Attenuates Testosterone-DMBA-Induced Prostate Cancer in Rats via Inhibition of 5 α-Reductase and Na+/K+ ATPase Activity Mechanisms
Authors: Ibrahim Abeer Y. , Mahmoud Manal G. , Asker Mohsen S. , Youness Eman R. , El-Newary Samah A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBacillus sp. NRC5 is a new strain that grows in Egyptian beaches. This strain produces acidic exo-polysaccharide that have excellent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties. The current study aimed to introduce a new natural product feasible for prostate cancer therapies. The anti-prostate cancer of acidic exo-polysaccharide produced from marine Bacillus sp. NRC5 (EBPS) was determined using 7,12-dimethylbenz-(a)-anthracene; DMBA-induced prostate cancer in male Sprague Dawley rats. Rats were subcutaneously injected with testosterone (3 mg/kg/day for 3 months) and a single dose of DMBA (65 mg/kg) for induction of prostate cancer. EBPS was administrated orally at dose 200 mg/kg/day for 3 months. To study protective effect of EBPS, animals received EBPS before cancer induction, meanwhile in therapeutic effect animals received EBPS after cancer induction. EBPS debug oxidative stress and inflammatory conditions associated with prostate cancer. EBPS either protective or therapeutic material considerably reduced cancer growth rate-limiting enzyme—i.e., 5-α-reductase (46.89 ± 1.72 and 44.86 ± 2.56 µg Eq/mL) and Na+/K+ ATPase (0.44 ± 0.03 and 0.42 ± 0.02 µg Eq/mL), compared to cancer control (69.68 ± 3.46 µg Eq/mL). In addition, both cancer biomarkers—i.e., prostate-specific antigen and carcinoembryonic antigen were significantly lowered as evidence of the ability of EBPS to protect and treat prostate cancer in chemically induced rats. EBPS showed protective and therapeutic efficacy on testosterone–DMBA-induced prostate cancer rats with a good safety margin. This study may go to clinical trials after a repeated study on another type of small experimental animal, their offspring, and one big experimental animal.
Morphologie des Sickerkissens mittels optischer Kohärenztomographie
Authors: Hasan Somar M. , Theilig Theresa , Tarhan Melih , Papadimitriou Menelaos , Meller Daniel 
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Implantation des XEN-Gel-Stents stellte eine innovative Methode zur filtrierenden Chirurgie mittels Ab-interno-Verfahren dar. Die morphologische Evaluation des resultierenden Sickerkissens (SK) ist für den chirurgischen Erfolg entscheidend. Häufig ist eine SK-Revision nach XEN-Implantation notwendig, die die Morphologie des SK beeinflussen könnte. Ziel dieser Studie ist, das SK mittels Vorderaugenabschnitt-OCT (AS-OCT) zu untersuchen und Unterschiede zwischen primärer XEN-Implantation und SK-Revision zu analysieren.

Material und Methoden
Retrospektiv wurden Augen nach primärer XEN-Implantation (Pr-X) bzw. SK-Revision nach XEN (Re-X-Gruppe) eingeschlossen. AS-OCT-Aufnahmen des SK wurden durchgeführt und mittels eines neuartigen Klassifikationssystems (des Jenaer Bleb Grading System [JBGS]) klassifiziert. Häufigkeit unterschiedlicher tomographischer Muster (M) und deren Korrelation mit dem Augeninnendruck (IOD) wurden analysiert

Ergebnisse und Diskussion
Es wurden 69 Augen (40 in der Pr‑X, 29 in der Re-X-Gruppe) eingeschlossen. An der Ebene der Bindehaut (BH) wurden subkonjunktivale Wasserspalten (M-C2) am häufigsten gesehen in beiden Gruppen, gefolgt von intrakonjunktivalen Zysten (C1) und fehlenden BH-Veränderungen (C0). Keine Unterschiede der Häufigkeit zwischen beiden Gruppen oder des IOD zwischen den 3 M wurden beobachtet (p > 0,05 für alle). An der Tenon-Ebene wurden in der Pr-X-Gruppe die hyporeflektiven und kavernösen Veränderungen (M-T2, -T3) am häufigsten beobachtet, gefolgt von fehlenden und hyperreflektiven Veränderungen (T0, T1). In der Re-X- wurden die M‑T1 und T2 am häufigsten gesehen, gefolgt von M‑T3 und T0. Die M‑T2 und -T3 zeigten niedrigeren IOD in der Pr‑X und die T1 und T2 in der Re-X-Gruppe. Der episklerale See (M-ES1) wurde in der Pr-X-Gruppe signifikant seltener gesehen verglichen mit der Re-X-Gruppe und korrelierte in der Re-X-Gruppe mit niedrigerem IOD.

Schlussfolgerung
Hyperreflektive Veränderungen der Tenon und der episklerale See wurden nach SK-Revision häufiger beobachtet verglichen mit primärer XEN-Implantation und korrelierten mit niedrigerem IOD. Die Untersuchung der Sickerkissenmorphologie mittels AS-OCT soll in Bezug auf die chirurgische Technik interpretiert werden.
Facial beauty prediction fusing transfer learning and broad learning system
Authors: Gan Junying , Xie Xiaoshan , Zhai Yikui , He Guohui , Mai Chaoyun , Luo Heng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFacial beauty prediction (FBP) is an important and challenging problem in the fields of computer vision and machine learning. Not only it is easily prone to overfitting due to the lack of large-scale and effective data, but also difficult to quickly build robust and effective facial beauty evaluation models because of the variability of facial appearance and the complexity of human perception. Transfer Learning can be able to reduce the dependence on large amounts of data as well as avoid overfitting problems. Broad learning system (BLS) can be capable of quickly completing models building and training. For this purpose, Transfer Learning was fused with BLS for FBP in this paper. Firstly, a feature extractor is constructed by way of CNNs models based on transfer learning for facial feature extraction, in which EfficientNets are used in this paper, and the fused features of facial beauty extracted are transferred to BLS for FBP, called E-BLS. Secondly, on the basis of E-BLS, a connection layer is designed to connect the feature extractor and BLS, called ER-BLS. Finally, experimental results show that, compared with the previous BLS and CNNs methods existed, the accuracy of FBP was improved by E-BLS and ER-BLS, demonstrating the effectiveness and superiority of the method presented, which can also be widely used in pattern recognition, object detection and image classification.
An approximate randomization-based neural network with dedicated digital architecture for energy-constrained devices
Authors: Ragusa Edoardo , Gianoglio Christian , Zunino Rodolfo , Gastaldo Paolo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractVariable energy constraints affect the implementations of neural networks on battery-operated embedded systems. This paper describes a learning algorithm for randomization-based neural networks with hard-limit activation functions. The approach adopts a novel cost function that balances accuracy and network complexity during training. From an energy-specific perspective, the new learning strategy allows to adjust, dynamically and in real time, the number of operations during the network’s forward phase. The proposed learning scheme leads to efficient predictors supported by digital architectures. The resulting digital architecture can switch to approximate computing at run time, in compliance with the available energy budget. Experiments on 10 real-world prediction testbeds confirmed the effectiveness of the learning scheme. Additional tests on limited-resource devices supported the implementation efficiency of the overall design approach.