bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Determination of Nicotine and Phenolic Compounds in Tobacco by Capillary Electrophoresis with Pipette Tip Electrodes
Authors: Liu Chunbo , Li Farui , Zhang Xinle , Li Zhenjie , Chen Gang 
Published: August 2022

Aim:
The aim of this work is to fabricate pipette tip electrodes for the capillary electrophoretic
determination of nicotine and phenolic compounds in tobacco.

Background:
The content of nicotine affects not only the quality of tobacco products but also the health
of smokers. Phenolic compounds are important flavor precursors in tobacco. The quantity of phenolic
compounds is one of the most important evaluation indicators of tobacco quality. It is of high importance
to determine nicotine and phenolic compounds in tobacco for quality control and the health of smokers.

Objective:
A method based on capillary electrophoresis and amperometric detection was developed for
the simultaneous determination of nicotine, rutin, chlorogenic acid, quercetin, ferulic acid, gallic acid, and
protocatechuic acid in tobacco leaves. Pipette electrodes were designed and fabricated for their amperometric
detection.

Method:
Nicotine, rutin, chlorogenic acid, quercetin, ferulic acid, gallic acid, and protocatechuic acid
were determined by capillary electrophoresis in combination with the detection electrodes that were fabricated
by packing the composite of carbon nanotube and epoxy in pipette tips.

Results:
Detection potentials, the acidity and concentrations of background electrolyte, separation voltages,
and injection times were optimized. At a high voltage of 12 kV, separation of the seven analytes could
be achieved in less than 11 min in a piece of 40 cm long fused silica capillary with a background electrolyte
of 50 mM borate buffer (9.2). Linearity was observed between the peak currents and the concentrations,
with the limits of detection ranging from 0.1 to 0.2 μM for the seven analytes at the pipette electrodes.
The method was applied in the simultaneous determination of nicotine and phenolic compounds
with satisfactory assay results.

Conclusions:
The pipette tip electrodes were successfully coupled with capillary electrophoresis for tobacco
analysis. The CE-AD method provides not only a simple approach for the quality control of tobacco
and its preparations but also an alternative technique for the constituent and fingerprint investigation of
other plants.
Methods for Measurements of Oxidized LDL, Homocysteine and Nitric
Oxide as Clinical Parameters of Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction
Authors: Macvanin Mirjana T. , Stanimirovic Julijana , Isenovic Esma R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Timely and accurate evaluation of clinical parameters associated with endothelial dysfunction is critical in diagnosing and treating atherosclerosis, which represents a severe health problem, accounting for at least 30% of deaths globally. A critical early event in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is the oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein [LDL]. Oxidized LDL [OxLDL] represents numerous changes in lipid and apolipoprotein B [apo B] fractions of LDLs generated by lipid peroxidation. Another critical indicator of perturbed vascular homeostasis is homocysteine [Hcy], an amino acid containing sulfhydryl-group, an intermediate methionine and cysteine biosynthesis product. The total level of Hcy in plasma correlates better than cholesterol with the risk of cardiovascular disease. In addition, nitric oxide [NO] plays an essential role in regulating vascular physiological homeostasis due to its involvement in intravascular free radical and oxidant reactions. Reduced NO decreases oxidative stress in the vascular wall, which reduces the rate of LDL oxidation and the expression of redox-sensitive genes involved in atherogenesis. Endothelial dysfunction is typically associated with increased levels of OxLDL, decreased nitric oxide [NO], and hyperhomocysteinemia. Thus, OxLDL, Hcy, and NO are representative parameters of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Considering the important role of oxLDL, Hcy and NO in oxidative stress, atherogenesis and accompanying endothelial dysfunction, the challenge of the present work was to systematically present available methods for reliable measurement of these parameters and assess their potential for the use in the clinical setting. Here we present a comprehensive overview of analytical methods for measuring OxLDL, HCy, and NO in biological samples and discuss their advantages and potential problems regarding their application in clinical settings.
In Silico Identification of Human miR-26a-1 from Hypertension Genome
Sequence
Authors: Preethi K. Auxzilia , Selvakumar Sushmaa Chandralekha , Sekar Durairaj 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Hypertension is a global public health issue that is becoming more prevalent.
It is a non-communicable disease and a great public health problem affecting almost half of
the world’s adult population. Being multifactorial, hypertension is a key risk factor for stroke, coronary
artery disease, heart failure, and chronic renal failure. However, the cellular and molecular
mechanisms that regulate it remain mostly unknown. According to numerous studies, microRNAs
(miRNAs) have been implicated in a range of cellular processes in the development of illnesses.
The current study aims to identify miRNAs in hypertension from genome sequences found in public
genomic databases.

Materials and Methods:
In this study, we have used bioinformatic approaches to identify miR-26a-
1 for hypertension using the NCBI database, miRBase and target scan. Finally, the RNA fold was
used to create the secondary structure of miR-26a-1.

Results and Discussion:
Careful evaluation of secondary structure result showed that hsa-miR-
26a-1 has a minimum free energy of - 37.30 kcal. The correlation between miR-26a-1 and hypertension
genome sequence was identified.

Conclusion:
These computational approaches have concluded that miR-26a-1 can be used as a diagnosis,
prognosis and effective therapeutic target for treating hypertension. Thus, further research
could enlighten the role of miR-26a-1 in hypertension.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Case Report of an Adjuvant Ambulatory Therapy
for a COVID-19 High-Risk and Steroid-hypersensitive Patients
Authors: Cardoso-Hernández Grecia A. , Camacho-Torres Ana L. , Camacho-Pérez Beni , González Sánchez Fabio A. , Navarro-Partida José , García-Varela Rebeca , Aguilar-Aguilar Jesús , Aguilar Alemán Juan P. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
Due to the rapid progression of COVID-19 to severe and critical stages, thousands
of patients have required the use of intensive care unit (ICU) treatment, placing an excessive strain
on health systems. Immunomodulatory effects of Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells (WJ-MSCs)
have shown promising results in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. However, the effect of
promptly applied cell therapy on ambulatory patient prognosis has not been described. This case report
presents the clinical outcome of a multimorbid, steroid-hypersensitive, COVID-19 patient treated with
WJ-MSCs transplantation.

Case Presentation:
A 67-year-old woman with Type 2 diabetes, overweight (82 kg, 168 cm, BMI =
29.053), hypertension (190/60 mmHg) and steroid-hypersensitivity, tested positive for COVID-19 after
presenting typical symptoms such as fatigue, chest pain, myalgia, nasal congestion, dysgeusia, anosmia
and oxygen saturation (SpO2) 94% - 96%, with normal body temperature (36°C). The patient received
pharmacologic treatment but, when symptoms worsened, WJ-MSCs were transplanted to modulate the
suspected onset of the cytokine release syndrome. Significant improvement of symptoms and clinical
parameters (inflammatory markers and CT score) was observed, and the patient fully recovered within a
short period of time.

Conclusion:
The present case report exhibits the favorable outcome of using Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal
Stem Cells (WJ-MSCs) as an ambulatory and adjuvant therapy for COVID-19. Prompt WJ-MSCs
infusion can be a safe ambulatory adjuvant therapy in COVID-19 infection care, preventing disease progression
to critical stages and avoiding hospital overcrowding.
Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer’s Disease;
Can Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods Come to the Rescue?
Authors: Onaolapo Olakunle J. , Olofinnade Anthony T. , Ojo Folusho O. , Onaolapo Adejoke Y. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most prevalent form of age-related dementia, is typified
by progressive memory loss and spatial awareness with personality changes. The increasing socioeconomic burden associated with AD has made it a focus of extensive research. Ample scientific
evidence supports the role of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in AD pathophysiology, and
there is increasing research into the possible role of anti-inflammatory and antioxidative agents as
disease modifying therapies. While, the result of numerous preclinical studies has demonstrated
the benefits of anti-inflammatory agents, these benefits however have not been replicated in clinical trials, necessitating a further search for more promising anti-inflammatory agents. Current understanding highlights the role of diet in the development of neuroinflammation and oxidative
stress, as well as the importance of dietary interventions and lifestyle modifications in mitigating
them. The current narrative review examines scientific literature for evidence of the roles (if any)
of dietary components, nutraceuticals and functional foods in the prevention or management of
AD. It also examines how diet/dietary components could modulate oxidative stress/inflammatory
mediators and pathways that are crucial to the pathogenesis and/or progression of AD.
Possible Mechanisms and Molecular Signaling of Incretins against the Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Asemi Zatollah , Salami Raziyeh , Salami Marziyeh , Mafi Alireza , Aarabi Mohammad-Hossein , Vakili Omid 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:The increasing number of cases of diabetes mellitus (DM) and related diseases has become a global health concern. In this context, controlling blood glucose levels is critical to prevent and/or slow down the development of diabetes-related complications. Incretins, as gutderived hormones that trigger the post-meal secretion of insulin, are a well-known family of blood glucose modulators. Currently, incretin medications, including glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, are extensively used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Several experimental and clinical studies illustrate that these metabolic hormones exert their antidiabetic effects through multiple molecular mechanisms. Accordingly, the current review aims to investigate key mechanisms and signaling pathways, such as the cAMP/PKA, Nrf2, PI3K/Akt, and AMPK pathways, associated with the antidiabetic effects of incretins. It also summarizes the outcomes of a group of clinical trials evaluating the incretins’ antidiabetic potential in diabetic patients.
Two Years Study of Frequency and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of
Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Clinical Specimens in Northern
Iran
Authors: Goli Hamid Reza , Bazgir Zahra Norouzi , Gholami Mehrdad 
Published: August 2022

Background:
According to the reports from the World Health Organization, increased
use of antibiotics and bacterial resistance has become a worldwide issue. Resistance to
antimicrobial agents in Escherichia coli clinical strains is increasing.

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance patterns and
frequency of multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype in E. coli isolated from patients in two
major hospitals in Sari, north Iran.

Methods:
In this descriptive-analytical study, a total of 13322 clinical specimens were collected
from patients. All the specimens were evaluated to determine the presence of E. coli strains
using conventional biochemical tests and API kit. Susceptibility testing against twelve antibiotics
was determined using the disk-diffusion method. Results were interpreted in accordance
with the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) protocol.

Results:
Out of 13322 studied samples, 964 (7.23%) E. coli strains were identified. In two
hospitals, high resistance to ampicillin and cefalexin was presented in 621 (64.4%) and 402
(41.7%) isolates, respectively. The highest antibiotic resistance was observed in the burn unit,
the burn intensive care unit (ICU) and the burn restoration section, while all the strains (eight)
that were isolated from the neonatal-ICU, were sensitive to all the tested antibiotics except cefalexin,
nitrofurantoin, nalidixic acid, and ampicillin. Also, strains isolated from urine, wound,
stool, and blood samples were resistant to all tested antibiotics.

Conclusion:
Increased resistance to different antibiotics in burn hospitals has created increasing
concern. Very high resistance to some antibiotics indicates that these drugs are misused in
therapeutic centers and highlights that infection control measures should be arranged in the
ICUs of our hospitals.
Computational Study Reveals the Inhibitory Effects of Chemical Constituents
from Azadirachta indica (Indian Neem) Against Delta and Omicron
Variants of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Khan Mohammad Faheem , Ansari Waseem Ahmad , Rizvi Fahmina , Khan Mohsin Ali , Khan Zaw Ali 
Published: August 2022

Background:
The newly emerged delta and omicron variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) have affected millions of individuals globally with increased transmissible
and infectivity rates. Although, numerous vaccines are available or under clinical trials to combat
the SARS-CoV-2 and its variant, still, a therapeutic agent is awaited.

Objective:
The present work is focused on rigorous screening of chemical constituents of Azadirachta
indica (A. indica) against delta and omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 via inhibition of S-glycoprotein.

Methods:
Total, 10 compounds of A. indica were subjected to molecular docking and pharmacophore
modeling studies against the S-glycoprotein of delta and omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore,
homology modeling was performed for omicron S-glycoprotein with the help of SWISS-MODEL and
aligned by PyMOL software. Later on, the residues of protein were verified in the allowed region via
Ramachandran plot. In addition, our docking results have also been validated by MMGBSA binding free
energy calculations.

Results:
Our computed study demonstrated that nimbolinin B12-methyl ether and nimbidinin showed
promising docking scores (> -6.0) as compared to docking scores (< 6.0) of reference drug ‘camostat’
against S-glycoproteins of both delta and omicron variants. Redocking by using MMGBSA calculation
also reveals that both these compounds can effectively bind within the pockets of said protein receptors

Conclusion:
Nimbolinin B12-methyl ether and nimbidinin have potent anti-SARS-CoV activity against
delta and omicron variants and thus, A. indica might be a useful source for developing novel anti-SARSCoV-
2 therapeutic agents.
Branching technique for a bi-objective two-stage assignment problem
Authors: Jain Ekta , Dahiya Kalpana , Verma Vanita 
Published: August 2022

We discuss a bi-objective two-stage assignment problem (BiTSAP) that aims at minimizing two objective functions: one comprising a nonlinear cost function defined explicitly in terms of assignment variables and the other a total completion time. A two-stage assignment problem deals with the optimal allocation of \(n\) jobs to \(n\) agents in two stages, where \(n_{1}\) out of \(n\) jobs are primary jobs which constitute Stage-1 and the rest of the jobs are secondary jobs constituting Stage-2. The paper proposes an algorithm that seeks an optimal solution for a BiTSAP in terms of various efficient time-cost pairs. An algorithm for ranking all feasible assignments of a two-stage assignment problem in order of increasing total completion time is also presented. Theoretical justification and numerical illustrations are included to support the proposed algorithms.
doi:10.1017/S1446181122000116
Satisfaction With Telemedicine in Patients With Orthopedic Trauma During the COVID-19 Lockdown: Interview Study
Authors: Rauer Thomas , Scherer Julian , Stäubli Pascal , Gerber Jonas , Pape Hans-Christoph , Heining Sandro-Michael 
Published: August 2022

Background
Telemedicine can take many forms, from telephone-only consultations to video consultations via a smartphone or personal computer, depending on the goals of the treatment. One of the advantages of videoconferencing is the direct visual contact between patients and therapists even over long distances. Although some telemedicine models require specially designed add-on devices, others get by with off-the-shelf equipment and software and achieve similarly successful successful results. This depends, among other things, on the nature of the injury, the desired outcome of therapy, and the medical consultation. In the last decade, the science and practice of telemedicine have grown exponentially and even more so during the COVID-19 pandemic. Depending on the traumatic lesion, posttraumatic and postoperative treatment and care of patients who experience trauma may require medical or physical therapy consultations in a clinic or office. However, due to the COVID-19 lockdown, direct physical follow-up was more difficult, and therefore, telemedicine solutions were sought and implemented.

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess satisfaction with telemedical aftercare in patients with orthopedic trauma.

Methods
Between March and July 2020, a standardized interview using a standardized questionnaire—Freiburg Index of Patient Satisfaction (FIPS)—among patients with orthopedic trauma who received telemedical postsurgical or physiotherapeutic care was conducted. The FIPS is composed of 5 questions regarding treatment and 1 question on the overall treatment satisfaction. Furthermore, we assessed patients’ demographics and their telemedical use. Subgroup analysis was performed for age groups (<65 years vs ≥65 years), the used device, and gender.

Results
In total, we assessed 25 patients with a mean age of 43 (SD 24.31) years (14 female). The majority of patients (n=19, 76%) used their smartphone for consultations. The mean overall FIPS score assessed was 2.14 (SD 0.87). The mean FIPS score for younger patients was 2.23 (SD 0.90) vs 1.91 (SD 0.82) for older patients. The vast majority of the surveyed patients (n=20, 80%) were absolutely confident with their smartphone or tablet use.

Conclusions
Most patients surveyed stated a high satisfaction with the telemedical follow-up. Older patients showed a higher satisfaction rate than their younger counterparts. It seems that telemedical postsurgical or physiotherapeutic care is a viable option, especially in times of reduced contact, like the current COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, telemedicine offers the opportunity to ensure access to effective patient care, even over long distances, while maintaining patient satisfaction.
Smartphone Apps for Surveillance of Gestational Diabetes: Scoping Review
Authors: Smyth Suzanne , Curtin Eimear , Tully Elizabeth , Molphy Zara , Breathnach Fionnuala 
Published: August 2022

Background
Developments and evolutions in the information and communication technology sector have provided a solid foundation for the emergence of mobile health (mHealth) in recent years. The cornerstone to management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the self-management of glycemic indices, dietary intake, and lifestyle adaptations. Given this, it is readily adaptable to incorporation of remote monitoring strategies involving mHealth solutions.

Objective
We sought to examine and assess the available smartphone apps which enable self-monitoring and remote surveillance of GDM with a particular emphasis on the generation of individualized patient feedback.

Methods
Five databases were searched systematically for any studies evaluating mHealth-supported smartphone solutions for GDM management from study inception until January 2022. The studies were screened and assessed for eligibility of inclusion by 2 independent reviewers. Ultimately, 17 studies were included involving 1871 patients across 11 different countries. The PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) conceptual framework was adhered to for data extraction and categorization purposes.

Results
All studies analyzed as part of this review facilitated direct uploading of data from the handheld glucometer to the downloaded patient-facing smartphone app. Glycemic data were captured by all studies and were reassuringly found to be either improved or noninferior to extant models of hospital-based care. Feedback was delivered in either an automated fashion through in-app communication from the health care team or facilitated through bidirectional communication with the app and hospital portal. Although resource utilization and cost-effective analyses were reported in some studies, the results were disparate and require more robust analysis. Where patient and staff satisfaction levels were evaluated, the response was overwhelmingly positive for mHealth smartphone–delivered care strategies. Emergency cesarean section rates were reduced; however, elective cesarean sections were comparatively increased among studies where the mode of delivery was assessed. Most reviewed studies did not identify any differences in maternal, perinatal, or neonatal health when app-based care was compared with usual in-person review.

Conclusions
This comprehensive scoping review highlights the feasibility, reliability, and acceptability of app-assisted health care for the management of GDM. Although further exploration of the economic benefit is required prior to implementation in a real-world clinical setting, the prospect of smartphone-assisted health care for GDM is hugely promising