bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emerging hemostatic materials for non-compressible hemorrhage control
Authors: Dong Ruonan , Zhang Hualei , Guo Baolin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Non-compressible hemorrhage control is a big challenge in both civilian life and the battlefield, causing a majority of deaths among all traumatic injury mortalities. Unexpected non-compressible bleeding not only happens in pre-hospital situations but also leads to a high risk of death during surgical processes throughout in-hospital treatment. Hemostatic materials for pre-hospital treatment or surgical procedures for non-compressible hemorrhage control have drawn more and more attention in recent years and several commercialized products have been developed. However, these products have all shown non-negligible limitations and researchers are focusing on developing more effective hemostatic materials for non-compressible hemorrhage control. Different hemostatic strategies (physical, chemical and biological) have been proposed and different forms (sponges/foams, sealants/adhesives, microparticles/powders and platelet mimics) of hemostatic materials have been developed based on these strategies. A summary of the requirements, state-of-the-art studies and commercial products of non-compressible hemorrhage-control materials is provided in this review with particular attention on the advantages and limitations of their emerging forms, to give a clear understanding of the progress that has been made in this area and the promising directions for future generations.
Characteristics and Patterns of Cigarette Smoking and Vaping By Past-Year Smokers Who Reported Using Electronic Nicotine Delivery System to Help Quit Smoking in the Past Year: Findings From the 2018–2019 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey
Authors: Chang Joanne T , Mayer Margaret , Jackson Rebecca A , Rostron Brian L , Coleman Blair , Lee Terrence , Ambrose Bridget K , Chang Cindy M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Cigarette smoking has declined, while electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) use has increased in the United States. Understanding the role of ENDS in adult smoking quit attempts and cessation is important for estimating their population health impact.

Aims and Methods
We used data from 2018 to 2019 tobacco use supplement to the current population survey to examine demographic characteristics and ENDS use patterns among adult ENDS users who reported quitting smoking in the past year by trying to switch to ENDS (“switchers”) and smokers who did or did not make a quit attempt in the past year. χ2 tests of proportions and t-tests were used to compare characteristics between groups.

Results
In 2018–2019, about three-quarters of switchers reported daily use of ENDS compared to only one-third of dual users with a recent quit attempt by trying to switch to ENDS. Compared to dual users who made a quit attempt by trying to switch to ENDS, switchers were more likely to use menthol/mint-flavored ENDS exclusively (5.6% vs. 13.1%; p = .004) but less likely to use tobacco-flavored ENDS exclusively (21.2% vs. 13.7%; p = .01).

Conclusions
ENDS users who quit smoking in the past year and reported trying to quit by switching to ENDS were more likely to use menthol/mint flavors exclusively and use ENDS daily compared to dual users who made a quit attempt by trying to switch to ENDS. Longer-term prospective data may better clarify the role of ENDS in smoking quit attempts and cessation.

Implications
This study provides information on patterns of ENDS use in former smokers and current smokers who tried to quit smoking by switching to ENDS in a national sample of U.S. adults. These results can inform policy actions concerning ENDS products.
Comparison of the Risk of Recurrent Clostridioides Difficile Infections Among Patients in 2018 Versus 2013
Authors: Guh Alice Y , Yi Sarah H , Baggs James , Winston Lisa , Parker Erin , Johnston Helen , Basiliere Elizabeth , Olson Danyel , Fridkin Scott K , Mehta Nirja , Wilson Lucy , Perlmutter Rebecca , Holzbauer Stacy M , D’Heilly Paige , Phipps Erin C , Flores Kristina G , Dumyati Ghinwa K , Hatwar Trupti , Pierce Rebecca , Ocampo Valerie L S , Wilson Christopher D , Watkins Jasmine J , Korhonen Lauren , Paulick Ashley , Adamczyk Michelle , Gerding Dale N , Reddy Sujan C 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Among persons with an initial Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) across 10 US sites in 2018 compared with 2013, 18.3% versus 21.1% had ≥1 recurrent CDI (rCDI) within 180 days. We observed a 16% lower adjusted risk of rCDI in 2018 versus 2013 (P &lt; .0001).
Genome editing around the globe: An update on policies and perceptions
Authors: Sprink Thorben , Wilhelm Ralf , Hartung Frank 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A decade ago, the CRISPR/Cas system has been adapted for genome editing. Since then, hundreds of organisms have been altered using genome editing and discussions were raised on the regulatory status of genome edited organisms esp. crops. To date, many countries have made decisions on the regulatory status of products of genome editing, by exempting some kinds of edits from the classical GMO regulation. However, the guidance differs between countries even in the same region. Several countries are still debating the issue or are in the progress of updating guidance and regulatory systems to cover products of genome editing. The current global situation of different regulatory systems is putting a harmonized framework on genome-edited crops in the far future. In this update, we summarize the current developments in the field of regulation concerning edited crops and present a short insight into perception of genome editing in the society.
Building mass support for global pandemic recovery efforts in the United States
Authors: Nair Gautam , Peyton Kyle 
Published: August 2022

AbstractContaining the COVID-19 pandemic will confer global benefits that greatly exceed the costs but effective solutions require the redistribution of vaccines, technology, and other scarce resources from high-income to low-income countries. The United States has played a central role in coordinating responses to previous global health challenges, and its policy choices in the current pandemic will have a far-reaching impact on the rest of the world. Yet little is known about domestic support for international recovery efforts. We use a series of conjoint and persuasive messaging experiments, fielded on two national surveys of the US adult population (N = 5,965), to study mass support for international redistribution. We find clear evidence that the general population strongly supports allocating vaccines to own-country recipients before others. But despite this “vaccine nationalism,” Americans are also willing to support the US government playing a major role in global pandemic recovery efforts, provided policymakers forge international agreements that ensure moderate domestic costs, burden-sharing with other countries, and priority for certain types of resources, such as domestically manufactured vaccines and patent buyouts. Finally, we test five different persuasive messaging strategies and find that emphasizing the relatively low costs and large economic benefits of global vaccination is the most promising means of increasing domestic support for international redistribution. Overall, our results demonstrate that policymakers can secure broad public support for costly international cooperation by crafting responses aligned with the economic interests of the United States.
Second hit impels oncogenesis of retinoblastoma in patient-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal organoids: direct evidence for Knudson's theory
Authors: Li Yan-Ping , Wang Ya-Ting , Wang Wen , Zhang Xiao , Shen Ren-Juan , Jin Kangxin , Jin Li-Wen , Jin Zi-Bing 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Retinoblastoma (Rb) is a type of malignant tumor due to abnormal retinogenesis with biallelic mutations of the RB1 gene. Its pathogenesis has been proposed as a “two-mutation hypothesis” by Knudson since 1971; however, there remain some debates on disease onset sufficiency of the biallelic RB1 mutations. To obtain straightforward evidence for this hypothesis, we investigated whether two-hit mutations of the RB1 gene drive tumorigenesis in patient-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived human retinal organoids (hROs) and whether single allelic mutation hiPSC-derived hROs exhibit molecular and cellular defects. We generated hiPSCs with a heterozygous germline mutation (RB1m1/wt) from a Rb patient. A second-allele RB1 gene mutation was knocked in to produce compound heterozygous mutations (RB1m1/m2) in the hiPSCs. These two hiPSC lines were independently developed into hROs through a stepwise differentiation. The hiPSC-RB1m1/m2 derived organoids demonstrated tumorigenesis in dishes, consistent with Rb profiles in spatiotemporal transcriptomes, in which developmentally photoreceptor fate-determining markers, CRX and OTX2, were highly expressed in hiPSC-RB1m1/m2 derived hROs. Additionally, ARR3+ maturing cone precursors were co-labeled with proliferative markers Ki67 or PCNA, in agreement with the consensus that human Rb is originated from maturing cone precursors. Finally, we demonstrated that retinal cells of hROs with monoallelic RB1 mutation were abnormal in molecular aspects due to its haploinsufficiency. In conclusion, this study provides straightforward supporting evidence in a way of reverse genetics for “two-hit hypothesis” in the Rb tumorigenesis and opens new avenues for development of early intervention and treatment of Rb.
Curiosity and mesolimbic functional connectivity drive information seeking in real life
Authors: Eschmann Kathrin C J , Pereira Duarte F M M , Valji Ashvanti , Dehmelt Vera , Gruber Matthias J 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Curiosity reflects an individual’s intrinsic motivation to seek information in order to close information gaps. In laboratory-based experiments, both curiosity and information seeking have been associated with enhanced neural dynamics in the mesolimbic dopaminergic circuit. However, it is unclear whether curiosity and dopaminergic dynamics drive information seeking in real life. We investigated (i) whether curiosity predicts different characteristics of real-life information seeking and (ii) whether functional connectivity within the mesolimbic dopaminergic circuit is associated with information seeking outside the laboratory. Up to 15 months before the COVID-19 pandemic, curiosity and anxiety questionnaires and a 10-minute resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging session were conducted. In a follow-up survey early during the COVID-19 pandemic, participants repeated the questionnaires and completed an additional questionnaire about their COVID-19-related information seeking. Individual differences in curiosity but not anxiety were positively associated with the frequency of information-seeking behaviour. Additionally, the frequency of information seeking was predicted by individual differences in resting-state functional connectivity between the ventral tegmental area and the nucleus accumbens. The present translational study paves the way for future studies on the role of curiosity in real-life information seeking by showing that both curiosity and the mesolimbic dopaminergic functional network support real-life information-seeking behaviour.
Do English trusts need to pass the any given postulant or complete list tests, or do they not?
Authors: Ng Francis 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article critiques the ‘any given postulant’ test (widely considered to be the sole test for certainty of objects of discretionary trusts) and the ‘complete list’ test (widely considered to be the sole test for certainty of objects for fixed trusts). It argues that no binding authority requires trusts to pass these tests and that they are not logical requirements for the validity of trusts. Instead, it is suggested that, while passing these tests should be sufficient to validate a trust, a trust will also be valid if there is sufficient practical certainty for the trust to be executed in accordance with the settlor/testator’s intentions.
Randomised comparison between superior trunk and costoclavicular blocks for arthroscopic shoulder surgery
Authors: Jo Yumin , Oh Chahyun , Lee Woo-Yong , Chung Hyung-Jin , Park Juyeon , Kim Yoon-Hee , Ko Youngkwon , Chung Woosuk , Hong Boohwi 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND
Superior trunk block (STB) provides noninferior analgesia to the interscalene block and reduces the risk of hemidiaphragmatic paralysis (HDP). Recently, supraclavicular spreading has also been shown to occur during costoclavicular block (CCB), presenting as an alternative analgesic technique for shoulder surgery.

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in postoperative pain scores and HDP incidence between STB and CCB.

DESIGN
Prospective randomised controlled trial.

SETTING
Chungnam National University Hospital in Daejeon from January to July 2021.

PATIENTS
Seventy patients, aged 20 to 70 years with ASA Physical Status classifications I to III and scheduled for elective arthroscopic rotator cuff repair were recruited.

INTERVENTION
Ultrasound-guided STB or CCB was performed with 20 ml 0.5% ropivacaine.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The primary outcome was the pain score (numeric rating scale, NRS) at 1 h postsurgery. A 1.4 (NRS) noninferiority margin was set a priori. The incidence of HDP, postoperative change of pulmonary function and postoperative opioid use were included as secondary outcomes.

RESULTS
The pain score was higher in the CCB group compared with the STB group at 1 h postoperatively (median difference, 2; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1 to 3; noninferiority was not demonstrated). Two patients in the CCB group received a rescue interscalene block due to severe postoperative pain. The incidence of complete HDP was lower in the CCB group (risk difference, −26%; 95% CI, −6 to −45%; P < 0.001). The median reduction in forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s were also significantly lower in the CCB group.

CONCLUSION
Although the incidence of HDP was lower, CCB did not show noninferiority in immediate postoperative analgesia compared with STB in arthroscopic shoulder surgery.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
Clinical Trial Registry of Korea (KCT0005822, principal investigator: Boohwi Hong) on 25 January 2021 (https://cris.nih.go.kr).
Critical care management of meningitis and encephalitis: an update
Authors: Thy Michael , Gaudemer Augustin , Vellieux Geoffroy , Sonneville Romain 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
Meningitis and encephalitis represent severe neurological syndromes associated with encephalopathy, seizures, focal deficits, and neurological sequelae in survivors. We update on the critical care management of adult patients with severe meningitis and encephalitis.

Recent findings
Large multicenter studies conducted in the adult population improved current knowledge on the epidemiology and outcomes of patients with severe meningitis and encephalitis. An early multimodal diagnostic workup (including CSF analysis, brain MRI, EEG, and serum studies) is mandatory for diagnosis and prognostication in those patients.
New diagnostic methods, including multiplex PCR and next-generation sequencing techniques, allow for a faster differential diagnosis of infectious causes that may require specific antimicrobial therapy. Autoimmune causes of encephalitis, which may require urgent immunotherapy, are also increasingly recognized in the ICU setting. Although observational data suggest that early combined immunotherapy is associated with better neurological outcomes in patients with autoimmune encephalitis, randomized clinical trials have yet to be performed.

Summary
Our review highlights the importance of an early multimodal approach for diagnosing severe meningitis and encephalitis. Randomized clinical trials are needed to identify pharmacological interventions that may improve patients’ outcomes.
Nutrition and behavior change: a review of recent literature
Authors: Frates Beth , Smith Alexis 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
The current article will highlight recent trends and novel approaches to behavior change strategies in nutrition. Physicians, nurses, and other healthcare professionals play key roles in counseling patients on lifestyle change, which is critical for patients with chronic conditions. Nutrition science continues to advance, and new approaches to behavior change are needed for successful implementation at the individual and population level.

Recent findings
The solutions to obstacles around healthful eating patterns are varied, population-dependent, and require a multipronged approach. One area of focus is the language around behavior change, ensuring it is clear and emphasizes its multifactorial nature. For young adults, the careful use of video games and social media may be essential. For older adults, altering food consistency and ensuring proper nutrient intake are crucial factors. Vulnerable populations remain susceptible to malnutrition and need special attention. Despite significant advances in managing and treating diseases, there are still gaps in nutrition counseling and behavior change efforts.

Summary
Every age and stage of life needs a focus on healthful foods, and nutrition counseling at each stage has its unique nuances. Careful attention to the language of change and the phrasing used in counseling is vital for educating, connecting with, and empowering patients to change. Changing healthcare operations and provider behavior around nutrition counseling is a part of the solution to the worldwide problem of unhealthy eating patterns and practices.
Computed Tomography
Authors: Ibad Hamza Ahmed , de Cesar Netto Cesar , Shakoor Delaram , Sisniega Alejandro , Liu Stephen Z. , Siewerdsen Jeffrey H. , Carrino John A. , Zbijewski Wojciech , Demehri Shadpour 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Although musculoskeletal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a dominant role in characterizing abnormalities, novel computed tomography (CT) techniques have found an emerging niche in several scenarios such as trauma, gout, and the characterization of pathologic biomechanical states during motion and weight-bearing. Recent developments and advancements in the field of musculoskeletal CT include 4-dimensional, cone-beam (CB), and dual-energy (DE) CT. Four-dimensional CT has the potential to quantify biomechanical derangements of peripheral joints in different joint positions to diagnose and characterize patellofemoral instability, scapholunate ligamentous injuries, and syndesmotic injuries. Cone-beam CT provides an opportunity to image peripheral joints during weight-bearing, augmenting the diagnosis and characterization of disease processes. Emerging CBCT technologies improved spatial resolution for osseous microstructures in the quantitative analysis of osteoarthritis-related subchondral bone changes, trauma, and fracture healing. Dual-energy CT–based material decomposition visualizes and quantifies monosodium urate crystals in gout, bone marrow edema in traumatic and nontraumatic fractures, and neoplastic disease. Recently, DE techniques have been applied to CBCT, contributing to increased image quality in contrast-enhanced arthrography, bone densitometry, and bone marrow imaging. This review describes 4-dimensional CT, CBCT, and DECT advances, current logistical limitations, and prospects for each technique.
Data-independent acquisition phosphoproteomics of urinary extracellular vesicles enables renal cell carcinoma grade differentiation
Authors: Hadisurya Marco , Lee Zheng-Chi , Luo Zhuojun , Zhang Guiyuan , Ding Yajie , Zhang Hao , Iliuk Anton B. , Pili Roberto , Boris Ronald S. , Tao W. Andy 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTTranslating the research capability and knowledge in cancer signaling into clinical settings has been slow and ineffective. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising source for developing disease phosphoprotein markers to monitor disease status. This study focuses on the development of a robust data-independent acquisition (DIA) using mass spectrometry to profile urinary EV phosphoproteomics for renal cell cancer (RCC) grades differentiation. We examined gas-phase fractionated (GPF) library, direct DIA, forbidden zones, and several different windowing schemes. After the development of a DIA mass spectrometry method for EV phosphoproteomics, we applied the strategy to identify and quantify urinary EV phosphoproteomes from 57 individuals representing low-grade clear cell RCC, high-grade clear cell RCC, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and healthy control (HC) individuals. Urinary EVs were efficiently isolated by functional magnetic beads and EV phosphopeptides were subsequently enriched by PolyMAC. We quantified 4,057 unique phosphosites and observed that multiple prominent cancer-related pathways, such as ErbB signaling, renal cell carcinoma, and regulation of actin cytoskeleton, were only upregulated in high-grade clear cell RCC, while those correlated with a higher survival rate were elevated in low-grade clear cell RCC only. These results show that EV phosphoproteome analysis utilizing our optimized procedure of EV isolation, phosphopeptide enrichment, and DIA method provides a powerful tool for future clinical applications.
The association between adiposity and atypical energy-related symptoms of depression: a role for metabolic dysregulations
Authors: Alshehri Tahani , Mook-Kanamori Dennis O , de Mutsert Renée , Penninx Brenda WJH , Rosendaal Frits R , le Cessie Saskia , Milaneschi Yuri 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdiposity has been shown to be linked with atypical energy-related symptoms (AES) of depression. We used genomics to separate the effect of adiposity from that of metabolic dysregulations to examine whether the link between obesity and AES is dependent on the presence of metabolic dysregulations.MethodData were from NEO (n=5734 individuals) and NESDA (n=2238 individuals) cohorts, in which the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS-SR30) was assessed. AES profile was based on four symptoms: increased appetite, increased weight, low energy level, and leaden paralysis. We estimated associations between AES and two genetic risk scores (GRS) indexing increasing total body fat with (metabolically unhealthy adiposity, GRS-MUA) and without (metabolically healthy adiposity, GRS-MHA) metabolic dysregulations.ResultsGRS-MUA and GRS-MHA were both associated with higher total body fat in NEO study, but divergently associated with biomarkers of metabolic health (e.g. fasting glucose and HDL) in both cohorts. In the pooled results, per standard deviation, GRS-MUA was specifically associated with a higher AES score (β=0.03, 95%CI: 0.01; 0.05), while there was no association between GRS-MHA and AES (β=-0.01, 95%CI: -0.03; 0.01).ConclusionThese results suggest that the established link between adiposity and AES profile emerges in the presence of metabolic dysregulations, which may represent the connecting substrate between the two conditions.