bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the effectiveness of a family‐focused training to prevent youth suicide
Authors: Schuck Allison , Gryglewicz Kim , Bender Ansley , Nam Eunji , McNeil Marissa , Cosare Michael , Rosler Melanie , Karver Marc 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe present study investigates the effectiveness of a novel, consumer‐informed, family training for youth suicide prevention.BackgroundResearch suggests family members play a key role in reducing suicide risk for their children. However, family members often do not possess the necessary knowledge, confidence, and skills needed to intervene with a suicidal youth.MethodFamily members (N = 582) participated in the It's Time to Talk About It: Family Training for Youth Suicide Prevention (ITT‐FT) and completed pretest and posttest measures. Additionally, 158 family members completed a 6‐month follow‐up evaluation.ResultsResults indicated significant improvements in knowledge, effective attitudes, perceived behavioral control, social norms, and intentions immediately after the training. Knowledge and perceived behavioral control were sustained at follow‐up. Participants identifying as Hispanic/Latinx exhibited greater decreases in stigma related to help‐seeking. Those who had a family history of mental health treatment experienced a greater increase in social norms related to other families seeking help.ConclusionFindings underline the importance of implementing a family‐focused program aimed at improving training outcomes such as knowledge, confidence, and intentions—key constructs associated with behavior change.ImplicationsImprovement in several domains following the training highlight the critical role family members can play in reducing youth suicide risk.
The developmental impact of sex chromosome trisomies on emerging executive functions in young children: Evidence from neurocognitive tests and daily life skills
Authors: Kuiper Kimberly C. , Swaab Hanna , Tartaglia Nicole , van Buggenhout Griet , Wouters Caroline , van Rijn Sophie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSex chromosomal trisomies (SCT) are associated with impairments in executive functions in school‐aged children, adolescents, and adults. However, knowledge on preschool development of executive functions is limited but greatly needed to guide early intervention. The current study examined emerging executive functions in young children with SCT. Participants were 72 SCT children and 70 population‐based controls, aged 3–7 years, who completed a neurocognitive assessment of both global executive function (MEFS) and verbal executive function skills (NEPSY Word Generation). Caregivers completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) questionnaire to capture real‐world behavioral manifestations of impairments in executive functions. Results showed that impairments were significantly more prevalent in SCT than in controls and already present from 3 years, specifically verbal executive functions and working memory. Broader more pronounced impairments were found in older children with SCT. Age was significantly related to executive functions, but specific domains showed different relations with age. For example, deficits in planning and organizing remained evident with older age in SCT whereas it declined with age in controls. Impairments in executive functions were present across different levels of intelligence. Already at an early age, impairments across executive functions should be considered part of the neurodevelopmental profile of SCT, which appear more prominent at later age. Future studies should investigate developmental pathways of executive functions in SCT, given its relevance in cognitive, social, and emotional development. Executive functions should be screened and monitored in children with SCT and could be an important target of preventive intervention.
Sulfur isotopes of hydrothermal vent fossils and insights into microbial sulfur cycling within a lower Paleozoic (Ordovician‐early Silurian) vent community
Authors: Georgieva Magdalena N. , Little Crispin T. S. , Herrington Richard J. , Boyce Adrian J. , Zerkle Aubrey L. , Maslennikov Valeriy V. ,   EIMF, Glover Adrian G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSymbioses between metazoans and microbes involved in sulfur cycling are integral to the ability of animals to thrive within deep‐sea hydrothermal vent environments; the development of such interactions is regarded as a key adaptation in enabling animals to successfully colonize vents. Microbes often colonize the surfaces of vent animals and, remarkably, these associations can also be observed intricately preserved by pyrite in the fossil record of vent environments, stretching back to the lower Paleozoic (Ordovician‐early Silurian). In non‐vent environments, sulfur isotopes are often employed to investigate the metabolic strategies of both modern and fossil organisms, as certain metabolic pathways of microbes, notably sulfate reduction, can produce large sulfur isotope fractionations. However, the sulfur isotopes of vent fossils, both ancient and recently mineralized, have seldom been explored, and it is not known if the pyrite‐preserved vent organisms might also preserve potential signatures of their metabolisms. Here, we use high‐resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) to investigate the sulfur isotopes of pyrites from recently mineralized and Ordovician‐early Silurian tubeworm fossils with associated microbial fossils. Our results demonstrate that pyrites containing microbial fossils consistently have significantly more negative δ34S values compared with nearby non‐fossiliferous pyrites, and thus represent the first indication that the presence of microbial sulfur‐cycling communities active at the time of pyrite formation influenced the sulfur isotope signatures of pyrite at hydrothermal vents. The observed depletions in δ34S are generally small in magnitude and are perhaps best explained by sulfur isotope fractionation through a combination of sulfur‐cycling processes carried out by vent microbes. These results highlight the potential for using sulfur isotopes to explore biological functional relationships within fossil vent communities, and to enhance understanding of how microbial and animal life has co‐evolved to colonize vents throughout geological time.
Madagascar's fire regimes challenge global assumptions about landscape degradation
Authors: Phelps Leanne N. , Andela Niels , Gravey Mathieu , Davis Dylan S. , Kull Christian A. , Douglass Kristina , Lehmann Caroline E. R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNarratives of landscape degradation are often linked to unsustainable fire use by local communities. Madagascar is a case in point: the island is considered globally exceptional, with its remarkable endemic biodiversity viewed as threatened by unsustainable anthropogenic fire. Yet, fire regimes on Madagascar have not been empirically characterised or globally contextualised. Here, we contribute a comparative approach to determining relationships between regional fire regimes and global patterns and trends, applied to Madagascar using MODIS remote sensing data (2003–2019). Rather than a global exception, we show that Madagascar's fire regimes are similar to 88% of tropical burned area with shared climate and vegetation characteristics, and can be considered a microcosm of most tropical fire regimes. From 2003–2019, landscape‐scale fire declined across tropical grassy biomes (17%–44% excluding Madagascar), and on Madagascar at a relatively fast rate (36%–46%). Thus, high tree loss anomalies on the island (1.25–4.77× the tropical average) were not explained by any general expansion of landscape‐scale fire in grassy biomes. Rather, tree loss anomalies centred in forests, and could not be explained by landscape‐scale fire escaping from savannas into forests. Unexpectedly, the highest tree loss anomalies on Madagascar (4.77×) occurred in environments without landscape‐scale fire, where the role of small‐scale fires (<21 h [0.21 km2]) is unknown. While landscape‐scale fire declined across tropical grassy biomes, trends in tropical forests reflected important differences among regions, indicating a need to better understand regional variation in the anthropogenic drivers of forest loss and fire risk. Our new understanding of Madagascar's fire regimes offers two lessons with global implications: first, landscape‐scale fire is declining across tropical grassy biomes and does not explain high tree loss anomalies on Madagascar. Second, landscape‐scale fire is not uniformly associated with tropical forest loss, indicating a need for socio‐ecological context in framing new narratives of fire and ecosystem degradation.
4D marine conservation networks: Combining 3D prioritization of present and future biodiversity with climatic refugia
Authors: Doxa Aggeliki , Almpanidou Vasiliki , Katsanevakis Stelios , Queirós Ana M. , Kaschner Kristin , Garilao Cristina , Kesner‐Reyes Kathleen , Mazaris Antonios D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGiven the accelerating rate of biodiversity loss, the need to prioritize marine areas for protection represents a major conservation challenge. The three‐dimensionality of marine life and ecosystems is an inherent element of complexity for setting spatial conservation plans. Yet, the confidence of any recommendation largely depends on shifting climate, which triggers a global redistribution of biodiversity, suggesting the inclusion of time as a fourth dimension. Here, we developed a depth‐specific prioritization analysis to inform the design of protected areas, further including metrics of climate‐driven changes in the ocean. Climate change was captured in this analysis by considering the projected future distribution of >2000 benthic and pelagic species inhabiting the Mediterranean Sea, combined with climatic stability and heterogeneity metrics of the seascape. We identified important areas based on both biological and climatic criteria, where conservation focus should be given in priority when designing a three‐dimensional, climate‐smart protected area network. We detected spatially concise, conservation priority areas, distributed around the basin, that protected marine areas almost equally across all depth zones. Our approach highlights the importance of deep sea zones as priority areas to meet conservation targets for future marine biodiversity, while suggesting that spatial prioritization schemes, that focus on a static two‐dimensional distribution of biodiversity data, might fail to englobe both the vertical properties of species distributions and the fine and larger‐scale impacts associated with climate change.
When do cover crops reduce nitrate leaching? A global meta‐analysis
Authors: Nouri Amin , Lukas Scott , Singh Shikha , Singh Surendra , Machado Stephen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe global increases in the surface and groundwater nitrate (NO3−) concentrations due to synthetic fertilizer input have emerged as major sustainability threats to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Cover crops can reportedly reduce nitrate leaching from croplands. However, the underlying mechanisms and the effectiveness of cover crops in reducing nitrate leaching across species, soil types, agronomic management, and climates remain elusive. We conducted a global meta‐analysis to evaluate the effects of cover crops on nitrate leaching and water drainage. A random‐effects analysis was established to investigate seven moderating variables in 41 articles. Results showed that globally, cover crops reduced nitrate leaching by 69% compared with fallow while demonstrating no effect on water drainage. Overall, cover crops from Brassicaceae and Poaceae families showed the greatest effect with 75% and 52% reduction in nitrate leaching, respectively. Cover cropping on Ultisols, Histosols, and Inceptisols resulted in the greatest reduction in nitrate leaching (77%, 78%, and 77%, respectively). Greater efficacy of cover crops at reducing nitrate leaching was evident with increasing soil sand content. In general, cover crops appeared to perform better to reduce nitrate leaching in vegetable systems compared to field crops. Cover cropping on conventional tillage resulted in a 63% reduction in nitrate leaching compared with no‐tillage (50%) and reduced tillage (38%) systems. The impact of cover crops on water drainage was nonsignificant which implies that nitrate leaching control by cover crops is unlikely exerted through reducing water drainage. This study brings further insight into the intrinsic factors affecting cover crop efficacy and management practices that enhance cover crop potential in reducing nitrate leaching from agricultural systems.
Investigating the perspectives of older adults in residential aged care on oral health‐related quality of life
Authors: Malekpour Parisa , Devine Amanda , Dare Julie , Costello Leesa 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to explore how older people living in a residential aged care facility perceived that their oral health influenced their food preferences and attitudes towards food, their social interactions and their self‐esteem.BackgroundPoor oral health can have biological, behavioural and social impacts on quality of life among older adults (aged 65+ years). In terms of biological impacts, oral health impairments may cause older adults to avoid many types of foods. This shift in dietary pattern can lead to malnutrition among older people, undermine general health and negatively impact quality of life (QOL).Materials and MethodsUsing a mixed methods approach, quantitative data from the General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) were explored and supported by data from semi‐structured interviews with 10 older adults from a residential aged care facility in Perth, (Australia) to provide insights into their oral health‐related quality of life. Thematic analysis of qualitative data was guided by the conceptual framework informed by Locker.ResultsThe average GOHAI score was 32.9 ± 3.6, which indicated that participants had an average oral health‐related quality of life. Participants coped with oral functional problems by adopting personal strategies and seeking organisational assistance. Some participants appeared to have accepted associated changes to their physical appearance, while others reported significant dissatisfaction and low self‐esteem. Perceptions differed on their social interactions at the facility, from being self‐conscious about their own oral health problems, to distaste at others' eating behaviours.ConclusionsPoor oral health had negative biological, behavioural and social impacts on daily activities and quality of life among some participants. However, changes at the organisation level may help to support participant QOL.
Associations of polypharmacy and drugs with sedative or anticholinergic properties with the risk of long‐term care needs certification among older adults in Japan: A population‐based, nested case–control study
Authors: Kuroda Naoaki , Iwagami Masao , Hamada Shota , Komiyama Jun , Mori Takahiro , Tamiya Nanako 
Published: May 2022

AimTo estimate the risk of disability associated with high‐risk prescribing, such as polypharmacy and drugs with sedative or anticholinergic properties, using long‐term care needs certification as a proxy of incident disability.MethodsA case–control study nested within a cohort of older adults (89% aged ≥65 years) was carried out between 2014 and 2019 using the combined medical claims and long‐term care needs certification database of Tsukuba City, Japan. We identified 2123 cases who received their first long‐term care certification, and matched them to 40 295 controls based on age, sex, residential area and observation period (≥36 months). The risk of long‐term care needs certification associated with high‐risk prescribing exposure 7–30 months before the index month was estimated using conditional logistic regression adjusting for baseline comorbidities and health service use.ResultsPolypharmacy (5–9 drugs; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.32, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.18–1.47), hyperpolypharmacy (≥10 drugs; aOR 1.87, 95% CI 1.57–2.23) and cumulative dose of drugs with sedative or anticholinergic properties (1–364 defined daily dose [DDD]; aOR 1.07, 95% CI 0.97–1.19; 365–729 DDD; aOR 1.25, 95% CI 1.07–1.45; ≥730 DDD; aOR 1.33, 95% CI 1.19–1.62) had dose–response relationships with long‐term care certification risks.ConclusionsHigh‐risk prescribing was associated with the risk of long‐term care needs certification in the general older population. Further studies are warranted to examine whether a decrease in prescribing drugs with sedative or anticholinergic properties could reduce the long‐term care burden on society. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 497–504.
Value of liver biopsy in anorexia nervosa‐related transaminitis: A case study and literature review
Authors: Faragalla Kyrillos , So Jeffrey , Chan Pak C. , Wang Hanlin L. , Liu Jimin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex eating disorder that affects multiple organs. 60% of patients have liver injury with transaminitis. The mechanism of liver injury in AN remains unclear. We present a case of a 19‐year‐old female with AN was admitted to our hospital with marked transaminitis but near normal liver histology on biopsy. Her transaminitis eventually improved as she regained weight. We also conducted a literature review of similar cases to delineate the clinicopathologic spectrum of liver injury in AN patients. English published cases of adult AN patients with elevated transaminases who underwent a liver biopsy or autopsy were selected. 32 cases (including ours). All except four patients were female, with median age of 26.5 years and median body mass index 11.9 kg/m2. Presentations mainly included hypoglycemic coma and weight loss. 63% of patients had severe transaminitis (AST >15x ULN). Other lab findings included elevated international normalized ratio (72%) and hypoalbuminemia (47%). Microscopically, all cases showed intact hepatic architecture. Fibrosis was reported in 12 cases and necroinflamfmation in 8, but only half of each had severe transaminitis. AN patients display a wide spectrum of liver histopathology which often does not correlate with the degree of transaminitis. In severe persistent AN‐related transaminitis, liver biopsy is useful to assess the degree of liver injury and to exclude other potential etiologies.
Intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm (ITPN) of the pancreas: a distinct entity among pancreatic tumors
Authors: Paolino Gaetano , Esposito Irene , Hong Seung‐Mo , Basturk Olca , Mattiolo Paola , Kaneko Takuma , Veronese Nicola , Scarpa Aldo , Adsay Volkan , Luchini Claudio 
Published: May 2022

AimsIntraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm (ITPN) of the pancreas is a recently recognized pancreatic tumor entity. Here we aimed to determine the most important features with a systematic review coupled with an integrated statistical approach.Methods and resultsPubMed, SCOPUS, and Embase were searched for studies reporting data on pancreatic ITPN. The clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular data were summarized. Then a comprehensive survival analysis and a comparative analysis of the molecular alterations of ITPN with those of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) from reference cohorts (including the International Cancer Genome Consortium‐ ICGC dataset and The Cancer Genome Atlas, TCGA program) were conducted. The core findings of 128 patients were as follows: (i) Clinicopathological parameters: pancreatic head is the most common site; presence of an associated adenocarcinoma was reported in 60% of cases, but with rare nodal metastasis. (ii) Immunohistochemistry: MUC1 (>90%) and MUC6 (70%) were the most frequently expressed mucins. ITPN lacked the intestinal marker MUC2; unlike IPMN, it did not express MUC5AC. (iii) Molecular landscape: Compared with PDAC/IPMN, the classic pancreatic drivers KRAS, TP53, CDKN2A, SMAD4, GNAS, and RNF43 were less altered in ITPN (P < 0.001), whereas MCL amplifications, FGFR2 fusions, and PI3KCA mutations were commonly altered (P < 0.001). (iv) Survival analysis: ITPN with a “pure” branch duct involvement showed the lowest risk of recurrence.ConclusionITPN is a distinct pancreatic neoplasm with specific clinicopathological and molecular characteristics. Its recognition is fundamental for its clinical/prognostic implications and for the enrichment of potential targets for precision oncology.
Physicochemical properties and application in film preparation of prolamin from distiller's grains
Authors: Li Chen , Hu Qiannan , Liang Yaqi , Wei Yuxiang , Wang Jingxue 
Published: May 2022

SummaryProlamin of sorghum‐based distiller's grains was extracted and its physicochemical properties were further determined. The prolamin was found to be rich in acidic amino acids, resulting in an isoelectric point of pH 4.0. High content of α‐helix structure endowed the protein good thermostability with a denaturation of 123.47 °C. The prolamin was resistant to pepsin but susceptible to trypsin in vitro digestion. The nutritional evaluation score was low and the protein does not belong to a good source of food protein due to the low digestion and lack of essential amino acids. The prolamin exhibited low water‐holding capacity, oil‐holding capacity, foam properties, and emulsifying properties. Moreover, the protein possessed good film‐forming properties, and the characteristics of high temperature resistance, low water‐holding capacity and oil‐holding capacity of prolamin can endow the protein film with excellent properties of water blocking, oil blocking, and high thermal stability.
Pesticides and gas production by baker's yeast in bread dough
Authors: Gélinas Pierre , Rémillard Nathalie 
Published: May 2022

SummaryPesticide residues might delay food fermentation. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of thirty‐one commercial pesticides (fourteen fungicides; eleven herbicides; one growth regulator; five insecticides) on the fermentative activity of baker's yeast in bread dough and sugared water. Yeast gas production after 3 h at 38 °C in dough or water was slightly inhibited by 10 mg kg−1 of a herbicide containing glufosinate‐ammonium and 100 mg kg−1 of fungicides with tebuconazole or metconazole. At the highest level assayed, 1000 mg kg−1, more than one‐third of the thirty‐one pesticides assayed did not impair baker's yeast gas production. Yeast cells were not inhibited by 300 mg active ingredients kg−1 in a mix of the pesticides, a concentration unlikely to be present in dough considering existing application rates in the field. Dough protected baker's yeast from pesticide residues. In sugared water, sub‐inhibitory concentrations of pesticides stimulated yeast fermentative activity. We conclude that it is unlikely that pesticide residues would impair baker's yeast gas production during bread dough fermentation.