bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The co-evolution of molecular hydrogen and the grain size distribution in an isolated galaxy
Authors: Romano Leonard E C , Nagamine Kentaro , Hirashita Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Understanding the evolution of dust and molecular hydrogen (H2) is a critical aspect of galaxy evolution, as they affect star formation and the spectral energy distribution of galaxies. We use the N-body/smoothed particle hydrodynamics code gadget4-osaka to compute the evolution of dust and H2 in a suite of numerical simulations of an isolated Milky Way-like galaxy. The evolution of the full grain size distribution (GSD) is solved by sampling the grain size on a logarithmically spaced grid with 30 bins. The evolution of a primordial chemistry network with 12 species is solved consistently with the hydrodynamic evolution of the system, including star formation, metal and energy ejections from stars into the interstellar medium through supernova feedback, and stellar winds. The formation model for H2 considers the GSD and photodissociation through the UV radiation of young stars. We identify the processes needed for producing a sizeable amount of H2, verify that the resulting star formation law in the later stages of galaxy evolution is consistent with observations of local spirals, and show that our model manages to produce a galactic molecular gas fraction in line with observations of Milky Way-like galaxies. We stress the importance of the co-evolution of the GSD and H2, as models assuming a fixed MRN shape for the GSD overestimate the production of H2 in regimes where the dust abundance is dominated by large grains and underestimate it in the regime where the dust is dominated by small grains, both of which are realized in simulations of dust evolution.
A revised simplified scattering model for the moonlit sky brightness profile based on photometry at SAAO
Authors: Winkler Hartmut 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
This paper presents multifilter measurements of the night sky brightness at the South African Astronomical Observatory (SAAO) in Sutherland in the presence of a bright moon. The observations cover a wide range of sky directions, lunar phases, and lunar positions. A revised simplified scattering model is developed for estimating the sky brightness due to moonlight that more accurately reflects the atmospheric extinction of the lunar beam compared to models frequently applied in astronomical studies. Contributions to night sky brightness due to sources other than moonlight are quantified and subtracted from the total sky background radiation to determine the spectral intensity and angular distribution of scattered moonlight. The atmospheric scattering phase function is then derived by comparing the sky brightening to the strength of the incoming lunar beam, estimated using a novel approach. The phase function is shown to be an excellent match to the combined theoretical Rayleigh and Mie scattering functions, the latter with a Henyey–Greenstein form instead of the exponential angular relationship often used in previous studies. Where deviations between measured and model sky brightness are evident in some bands, these are explained by contributions from multiple scattering or airglow, and are quantified accordingly. The model constitutes an effective tool to predict sky brightness at SAAO in optical photometric bands, especially with a bright moon present. The methodology can also be readily be adapted for use at other astronomical sites. The paper furthermore presents UBV(RI)c and Strömgren photometry for 49 stars, most with no prior such data.
Cross helicity of interplanetary coronal mass ejections at 1 au
Authors: Good S W , Hatakka L M , Ala-Lahti M , Soljento J E , Osmane A , Kilpua E K J 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) contain magnetic field and velocity fluctuations across a wide range of scales. These fluctuations may be interpreted as Alfvénic wave packets propagating parallel or antiparallel to the background magnetic field, with the difference in power between counterpropagating fluxes quantified by the cross helicity. We have determined the cross helicity of inertial range fluctuations at 10−3 to 10−2 Hz in 226 ICME flux ropes and 176 ICME sheaths observed by the Wind spacecraft at 1 au during 1995–2015. The flux ropes and sheaths had mean, normalized cross helicities of 0.18 and 0.24, respectively, with positive values here indicating net antisunward fluxes. While still tipped towards the antisunward direction on average, fluxes in ICMEs tend to be more balanced than in the solar wind at 1 au, where the mean cross helicity is larger. Superposed epoch profiles show cross helicity falling sharply in the sheath and reaching a minimum inside the flux rope near the leading edge. More imbalanced, solar wind-like cross helicity was found towards the trailing edge and laterally further from the rope axis. The dependence of cross helicity on flux rope orientation and the presence of an upstream shock are considered. Potential origins of the low cross helicity in ICMEs at 1 au include balanced driving of the closed-loop flux rope at the Sun and ICME–solar wind interactions in interplanetary space. We propose that low cross helicity of fluctuations is added to the standard list of ICME signatures.
The Chosen One
Authors: Waters Matt 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Cyrus the Great’s conquest of Babylonia in 539 had important implications, not least among them being that Cyrus now ruled more territory than any previous king. In both Babylonian and Judean traditions, Cyrus was identified as the chosen agent of the deity, Marduk and Yahweh, respectively. Through the royal inscriptions Cyrus commissioned in Babylonia, especially the Cyrus Cylinder from Babylon, it is possible to see how he shaped his ideological messaging for a Mesopotamian audience and, further, how subtle modifications to age-old Mesopotamia formulae laid the foundations for a nascent, unique Persian vision of rule for his successors. Facilitating the return of exiled Judeans to Jerusalem is one example of Cyrus’ magnanimity.
Legacies
Authors: Waters Matt 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Cyrus was a prominent reference point in later Greek and Latin literature, both as a major historical figure and as an idealized ruler. Through the Roman period in their relations with Parthian and Sasanians, contemporary conflicts were often cast through the lens of the conflicts between Achaemenid Persians and Greeks, especially Xerxes’ invasion of Greece in 480–479. It is notable that Cyrus alone of the early Persian kings retained positive press in almost all sources, from any region, that spoke about him. Ironically, Cyrus became almost invisible, but his legacy still powerful, within indigenous Near Eastern traditions for several centuries. Memories of the Achaemenids were lost or conflated, or subsumed to the Zoroastrian traditions of eastern Iran, which were adopted and promulgated by the Sasanians in particular. Nonetheless, Cyrus the Great remains a historical touchstone, a universally admired figure who left a deep imprint on both European and Middle Eastern history, the first emperor to unite almost the entirety of the then-known world.
Berkeley and the Language of Philosophy
Authors: Townsend Chris 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter outlines the backdrop against which Berkeley’s thought comes into focus, including the philosophy of John Locke and the subsequent ‘free-thinking’ movement. It offers a preliminary sketch of Berkeley’s central and enduring ideas, and especially those that would resurface in the works of the Romantic poets, and particular emphasis on the areas of his work concerning the workings and ends of language. Central here is the argument that nature is a divinely authored text—a notion that would inspire some of the most celebrated Romantic verse. The chapter offers a new reading of Berkeley in light of the ongoing developments in the forms and style of his writing, and argues that Berkeley’s expanded theory of the rhetorical uses of language—and important area where Berkeley advanced past Locke’s language philosophy—opens the door for future arguments concerning the usefulness of poetic language.
Inside Outness in Coleridge
Authors: Townsend Chris 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Coleridge’s reading in philosophy is often thought of as a process of ‘ousting’, where Hartley was surpassed by Berkeley, and Berkeley by Kant. This chapter shows that, whilst Kant did irrevocably change Coleridge’s philosophical views and drew him away from what he came to call Berkeley’s ‘dogmatic idealism’, elements of his reading of Berkeley lived on after Coleridge’s exposure to German philosophy. Central here is the experience Coleridge called ‘outness’—the sense that the world around us is external, even if it might actual exist in our minds. After reconstructing our knowledge of Coleridge’s reading of Berkeley, this chapter argues that Coleridge took from Berkeley the notion of ‘outness’ and a rhetoric of semblance that would animate his poetry and theological prose well after his Kantian turn.
Introduction
Authors: Sarker Sonita 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The introduction explicates how the concept of “N/native” (and the distinction between “Native” and “native”), set in the prevailing discourses about History and Time in the early twentieth century, is the basis for the cultural and political participation of the six women featured in this study. The introduction argues that definitions of the “new” and “now,” dominant tropes of Anglophone literary modernist studies, depend on the position of N/natives who are themselves situated in the distinct but related categories of Time and History. Extending from this premise, the discussion proposes that belonging, not exile, is the defining feature of these particular women’s writing in the modernist era. It presents the ways in which Lineage, Land, Learning, and Labor, the material conditions of cultural and political belonging, inform the six women’s positions as N/natives and their narratives.
Innovation Incentives in Developing Countries
Authors: Cheng Thomas K. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses the extent to which developing countries should attach weight to innovation incentives under the patent-competition interface. The weight that innovation incentives should carry in the patent-competition interface should vary according to the country–s technological capacity. In a country devoid of innovation capacity, innovation incentives matter little and competition policy should be given greater emphasis. In such a country, technological progress is mostly achieved through technology transfer. Dynamic efficiency is no longer concerned about innovation incentives but about incentives to transfer technology. How the stringency of the patent-competition rules may influence the incentives of foreign technology owners to transfer technology becomes a matter of serious concern.
Unilateral Refusal to License Patents— A Theoretical Perspective
Authors: Cheng Thomas K. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the various theoretical issues raised by competition regulation of unilateral refusal to license and compulsory licensing. It begins by clarifying that the unilateral refusal to deal doctrine is usually applied to patented input or product, while the essential facilities doctrine has greater salience in the context of technology licensing. The chapter surveys the various theories of harm for the two doctrines, including enhancement of entry barriers, facilitation of price discrimination, foreclosure of downstream competition, and creation of effective exclusivity. It then addresses the various critiques that have been launched against both doctrines, challenging the conventional wisdom that compulsory licensing undermines innovation incentives. Finally, the chapter considers some of the critiques directed specifically at the essential facilities doctrine and rejects the argument that the doctrine should be inapplicable to intellectual property.
Patent Tying
Authors: Cheng Thomas K. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter evaluates patent tying, assessing how developing countries should approach patent tying issues. After unilateral refusal to license, tying involving a patented tying product (patent tying) is probably the patent exploitation practice with the greatest salience for developing countries. Unlike some patent exploitation practices such as licensing restrictions, which would only be relevant to developing countries with technological adaptation and innovation capacities, patent tying can affect every developing country. Patent tying can extract surplus from consumers and foreclose rivals in the tying and the tied product markets, which can affect every developing country regardless of its technological capacity. This is especially true of surplus extraction. Therefore, developing country authorities should devote attention to patent tying practices. The chapter then rejects the argument that patent tying is justified because it generates more innovation incentives, and examines how developing countries should approach patent tying when it is used for the purpose of offensive leveraging, defensive leveraging, and price discrimination.
Restrictive Licensing Practices
Authors: Cheng Thomas K. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter studies restrictive licensing practices. For countries that are not recipients of technology licensing—the production countries—perhaps because domestic production activities are not sufficiently technologically advanced to absorb patented technologies, restrictive licensing practices should attract little attention from them. These practices, however, are highly salient to beneficiaries of foreign technology licensing: the technology adaptation countries and proto-innovation countries. Given that technology licensing is one of the three modes of technology transfer and redounds the greatest direct benefits to the host country, competition authorities in these countries must approach restrictive licensing practices in a thoughtful manner. The chapter then explores competition law regulation of no challenge clauses, post-expiration royalty, and package licensing as illustrations of how the technology adaptation countries should approach licensing practices, keeping in mind its impact on technology transfer.
Broadcasting and Infrastructure Politics in Post-Independent India
Authors: Ninan Thomas Pradip 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter provides an introduction to the highs and lows of public broadcasting as infrastructure in India. It attempts to answer the question—why is public broadcasting, in its present state, being considered critical infrastructure when all available evidence seems to suggest that public broadcasting is no longer favoured infrastructure. This chapter highlights the fact that the provisioning of information infrastructures in India continues to be fraught as is the case with the state of public broadcasting in Kashmir and North East India. The chapter deals with the paradox that one of the world’s largest public broadcasters with massive national reach is currently being publically ignored while other countries such as Australia and the USA have recognized the real worth of public broadcasting as critical infrastructure. The relentless privatization of the media sphere in India and the emergence of government supported media conglomerates such as Reliance could point to the futures of public broadcasting in India.
Interpreting Information Infrastructures
Authors: Ninan Thomas Pradip 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The final chapter highlights key issues in the study of information infrastructures in India that warrant further research. It deals with some of the characteristics of infrastructure, its continuities, the fact that infrastructures are contingent and that its access and use involve learnings. It deals with anti-infrastructure contestations in India such as that waged by the Maoists. If infrastructures need to be “learned” is there a case for digital literacies that will enable ordinary people to negotiate digital and mobile infrastructures? At the same time, this chapter deals with the need for researchers to critically interrogate information infrastructures and to broaden the canvas of investigation to include data centres along with old and new information infrastructures. The key question however remains a persistent one—who benefits?
Marathi Cinema, Cultural Space, and Liminality
Authors: Ingle Hrishikesh Sudhakar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This book is a critical history of Marathi cinema, presented from its formative years in the 1920s till the end of 1990s. It is the first work to explore the industrial and aesthetic formations of Marathi cinema and elaborate on the idea of region as performance using the framework of critical socio-spatial analysis. Against the dominance of Hindi cinema, the Marathi film industry, as a regional film practice in India, has developed within a cultural and spatial liminality. This historical situation of the Marathi film industry is formulated here as the shaping and dispersal of a vernacular cultural space and is traced over a period of seven decades, across genres such as the saint-film, social melodramas, and the tamasha film, as well as in urban and mofussil sites of film circulation. Marathi Cinema, Cultural Space, and Liminality aims to be a useful resource for students, researchers, and general readers while attending to the absence of scholarly inquiries on this important regional film culture.
Introduction
Authors: Watts Galen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis introductory chapter opens with the following question: why do contemporary liberals have trouble identifying the traditions they belong to? It argues that this is the result of their self-understanding, which holds that their values and convictions derive from deep within them, rather than society. Not coincidently, this is precisely the same self-understanding underlying the “spiritual but not religious” moniker. Having established this connection, the book traces the author’s initial interest in what scholars call the “spiritual turn” to their engagement with the book Habits of the Heart—which put the shift from “religion” to “spirituality” on the sociological map, and made clear the striking degree to which debates about “spirituality” reflect larger debates about the character and constitution of twenty-first-century liberal democracies. The chapter narrates how Habits spurred the author to undertake this project, outlines the study’s theoretical and normative debts to Émile Durkheim, and introduces the reader to the main themes addressed, and methods used, in the book. It concludes with an overview of the chapters.
Moral Reform and Shifting Involvements at a Twelve Step Group
Authors: Watts Galen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter presents a cultural sociological case study of New Life Fellowship (NLF), a meeting of Alcoholics Anonymous. It begins with a brief sketch of the version of the religion of the heart encoded and enfleshed at NLF—Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) discourse. It then analyses NLF meetings as a type of collective ritual, which comprises four components: erection of symbolic boundaries, demarcation of a distinct social environment, the performative uses of storytelling, and practices of self-cultivation. The relationship between AA discourse and the pathologies of egoism and anomie are discussed. The chapter argues that critics are wrong to suggest that the religion of the heart in this form cannot serve as a site of social integration or moral regulation. The chapter concludes that NLF functions as a generative institution, which facilitates, rather than stifles, civic engagement, as well as a community of redemption, where members are offered the chance to experience moral redemption.
What Does Participation Entail?
Authors: Lenette Caroline 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
While Participatory Action Research (PAR) has several strengths “on paper” and can yield excellent outcomes to democratize knowledge production, the reality of research practice is not as straightforward. Chapter 3 explores key tensions linked to achieving genuine or deep levels of participation in collaborative research. Even though participation is at the heart of PAR, superficial and tokenistic engagement of co-researchers can threaten the promise of co-research and minimize possibilities for change. The author describes the politics of different forms of participation, including the lack of opportunity to disrupt established practices that reinforce shallow participation. She discusses what best practice should encompass to encourage more critical applications of PAR models across disciplines. Thea Shahrokh’s vignette explores how PAR involves care work that can lead to personal, community, and political change. She describes the spaces of learning, belonging, and mutual support that PAR creates for academic researchers and co-researchers.
Participatory Action Research Is Ethical, Right?
Authors: Lenette Caroline 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Participatory Action Research (PAR) privileges knowledge co-production based on collaborative research activities with benefits extending beyond mere data collection. However, Chapters 2, 3, and 4 raised potential ethical challenges and pitfalls, indicating that we should carefully consider how to manage the complexities of adopting PAR models and the obstacles that might emerge in co-research. Chapter 5 explores further ethical concerns linked to PAR, including how precepts such as anonymity can clash with the methodology’s intent. The author examines key ethical considerations in participatory research practice, contexts where ethical dilemmas can be distinctively tricky to address even when using collaborative PAR processes, and tensions linked to institutional ethics approval procedures. Louisa Smith’s vignette describes the intricacies of implementing a PAR project in a dementia ward in an aged care facility. She shares key considerations that prompted her to reassess how she engaged with aged care residents and how she adapted her methodology to this context.
What of Gender Equality?
Authors: Lenette Caroline 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The lack of attention to gender and intersectionality is still a major problem in all forms of research, sometimes within feminist-oriented projects. Participatory researchers can inadvertently reinforce gender-neutral approaches by failing to explicitly state what feminist and gender diversity principles guide their research, resulting in superficial outcomes only. Chapter 6 focuses on feminist Participatory Action Research (PAR) and gender diversity considerations to highlight the central importance of gender equality to participatory research models. The author explores the meaning of feminist research and highlights tensions in contemporary discussions of transfeminism. She discusses the potential of feminist PAR and participatory research in gender diversity studies to explore unique experiences through a gender analysis. The chapter vignette is about gatekeeping, based on the author’s experiences in participatory research projects with women co-researchers. She explains how white feminists and male community leaders act as gatekeepers, and shares thoughts on how researchers might respond to gatekeeping issues.