bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing target volume in definitive radiotherapy for human papillomavirus‐associated tonsil cancer
Authors: Lee Hye In , Kim Jin Ho , Lee Joo Ho , Wu Hong‐Gyun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of reducing target volume in definitive radiotherapy for HPV‐associated tonsil cancer.MethodsA single‐institution cohort of 90 patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)‐associated tonsil cancer who received definitive radiotherapy with a 5‐mm expansion from the gross tumor volume to clinical target volume between 2008 and 2019 were included. The overlapping volume of initial planning target volume and the recurrent tumor was calculated and categorized as one of three failure types: in‐field: ≥95%; marginal‐field: 50%–94%; and out‐field: <50%.ResultsWith a median follow‐up of 59.4 months, the 3‐year and 5‐year local control rates were 94.4% and 92.8%, respectively. A total of seven local failures were identified, of which 4 (4.4%) were in‐field, 2 (2.2%) were marginal‐field, and 1 (1.1%) was out‐field. Grade 3 acute and late toxicities developed in 30 (33.3%) and 5 (5.6%) patients, respectively.ConclusionsReducing target volume could be an alternative option for selected patients with HPV‐associated tonsil cancer.
Helping after dark: Ambivalent leadership outcomes of helping followers after the workday
Authors: Watkins Trevor , Lee Stephen H. , Yam Kai Chi , Zhan Yuanfang , Long Lirong 
Published: February 2022

SummaryHelping has long been considered as a beneficial behavior that enhances organizational effectiveness. Recent technological boons, however, have expanded the boundaries of when and where employees fulfill their responsibilities. In the context of leadership, this means that leaders are now able to efficiently provide help to their followers in the evening after the official workday ends, and there is theoretical reason to expect that this behavior leads to meaningful emotional and behavioral reactions. In this manuscript, we draw from theory on emotional appraisal to explain how helping followers in the evening is positively associated with pride or irritation for leaders as a function of leaders' trust in their followers. Furthermore, we posit that these emotional reactions are positively associated with next‐day transformational and laissez‐faire leadership behaviors, respectively. The results of two experience sampling studies align with our predictions for the pride pathway, while providing mixed results for the irritation pathway. Overall, we extend existing theory on organizational helping by highlighting the theoretical and practical implications of helping followers after the official workday ends.
The effective approach for the quality control of Codonopsis radix based on quality markers of immune activity
Authors: Liu Jiushi , Wang Yumeng , Li Bin , Qi Yaodong , Wei Xueping , Liu, Haitao , Zhang Bengang , Xiao Peigen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCodonopsis radix is an important edible and medicinal plant resource for immunomodulation in China and Southeast Asia. However, the chemical quality evaluation of C. radix in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Version) is still lacking; therefore, it is necessary to develop an effective method to evaluate its quality accurately and systematically. Herein, a reliable method for a comprehensive chemical analysis of bioactive compounds in C. radix by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐diode array detector was developed based on the quality marker (Q‐marker) concept, which can efficiently reflect its immune activity. Our previous research explored the seven potential bioactive compounds reflecting the immune regulation activities of C. radix by spectrum–effect relationship analysis. Therefore, in this study, we researched on establishing a quality control method and selected the modern pharmacodynamic experiment of immune regulation to verify the potential bioactive compounds as quality markers. A real quality control method that reflected the traditional efficacy of C. radix in strengthening the spleen and tonifying lungs was developed. Furthermore, the C. radix extract and the seven bioactive compounds could promote the proliferation of immune‐related cells and regulate the secretion of inflammatory factors, thus playing a role in immune regulation.
Dermoscopic spectrum of rosacea
Authors: Stefanou Eleni , Gkentsidi Theodosia , Spyridis Ioannis , Errichetti Enzo , Manoli Sofia‐Magdalini , Papageorgiou Chrysa , Apalla Zoe , Vakirlis Efstratios , Sotiriou Elena , Ioannides Demetris , Lallas Aimilios 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundRosacea is a chronic inflammatory disease that manifests with various signs and symptoms including erythema, telangiectasias, papules and pustules that mostly affect cheeks, chin, nose and the central forehead. Rosacea is considered as a continuous spectrum that includes different subtypes/phenotypes (erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, phymatous), and might also encompass lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei (LMDF) and roasecea‐like demodicosis.ObjectiveTo assess the dermoscopic features of the different rosacea subtypes/phenotypes.MethodsPatients with a clinical diagnosis of rosacea, confirmed or not by histopathology, or rosacea‐like demodicosis diagnosed by skin scrapings or LMDF diagnosed histopathologically were included. Dermoscopic images were evaluated for the presence of predefined criteria. The selection of dermoscopic variables was based on the International Dermoscopy Society Consensus on standardisation of terminology.ResultsEighty‐five patients with facial lesions of rosacea were included in the analysis. Linear reticular vessels in regular distribution were present in the vast majority of the erythematotelangiectatic subtype forming the characteristic pattern of vascular polygons. A similar, but less pronounced, vascular pattern was typified in papulopustular subtype, with the additional presence of follicular plugs and pustules. Phymatous rosacea was characterised by variable morphologic types of vessels in a reticular arrangement, combined with follicular yellow clods. In granulomatous rosacea, focal orange structureless areas were found in all cases and perifollicular orange colour in most of them. In dermoscopy of LMDF, follicular criteria predominated, with perifollicular orange colour and follicular plugs being present in all cases. In demodicosis, the prevailing dermoscopic finding was white mass protruding out of the hair follicle.ConclusionThis study suggests that dermoscopy facilitates the recognition of the clinical subtypes/phenotypes of rosacea, enhancing the clinical diagnosis and prompt therapeutic choices.
Oxygen‐Demanding Photocontrolled RAFT Polymerization Under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Peng Yao , Liu Shengjie , Wang Ling , Xu Ying , Wu Zhaoqiang , Chen Hong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA photocontrolled reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) process is developed by initiating polymerization through a 1,3‐diaminopropane‐triethylborane (DAPTB)−diphenyl iodonium salt (Ph2I+) complex (DAPTB/Ph2I+) under ambient temperature and atmospheric conditions. Upon demand, this air‐stable DAPTB/Ph2I+ complex is photolyzed to liberate a reactive triethylborane that consumes atmospheric oxygen and generates ethyl radicals, which initiate and mediate RAFT polymerization. Controlled RAFT polymerization is thus achieved without any prior deoxygenation using a novel RAFT chain transfer agent, BP‐FSBC, which contains both benzophenone and sulfonyl fluoride moieties. Furthermore, the kinetics of polymerization reveal that the reaction process is rapid, and well‐defined polymers are produced by a 61% conversion of 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) within 7 min and 77% conversion of N,N‐dimethylacrylamide (DMA) within 10.5 min. The temporal and spatial control of this photopolymerization is also demonstrated by an “on/off” switch of UV irradiation and a painting‐on‐a‐surface approach, respectively. In addition, active chain ends are demonstrated by preparing block copolymers by chain extension and click sulfur(VI)‐fluoride exchange postreaction using RAFT‐derived macrochain transfer agents.
Feasibility investigation of logarithmic Nakagami parametric imaging in recovering underestimated perfusion metrics of DCEUS in the uneven acoustic field
Authors: Wang Diya , Ma Quanlong , Wang Qiao , Fan Yan , Lu Shukuan , Su Qiang , Zhong Hui , Wan Mingxi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeOwing to acoustic‐pressure dependence, amplitudes of backscattered‐echoes of encapsulated microbubbles (MBs) are unavoidably regulated by an uneven acoustic field, resulting in the misestimation of hemodynamics in conventional amplitude‐coding dynamic contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (DCEUS) with focused pulse transmission. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and performance of Nakagami statistical‐feature parametric imaging to recover the above misestimation.MethodsLogarithmic Nakagami parameter (m)‐coding DCEUS scheme was investigated via simulation and in vitro MB phantoms as well as in vivo kidney‐perfusion experiments of four rabbits in the uneven acoustic fields with two different focal depths. In vivo tissue artifacts for m estimation were suppressed by pulse‐inversion second‐harmonic imaging and its robustness was enhanced by multiscale moment‐estimation strategy. Time‐Nakagami‐m curves and the corresponding perfusion metrics of intensity and volume were calculated from the logarithmic m‐coding DCEUS images within the prefocal and focal regions. These curves and metrics were further compared with the perfusion curves and metrics estimated from the conventional amplitude‐coding images within the same regions.ResultsCompared with amplitudes of nonlinear scattering MB echoes, their logarithmic m values were relatively independent of the changes in acoustics pressures. Compared with the fixed‐scale moment‐estimation, the perfusion intensity estimated from logarithmic m‐coding DCEUS scheme using multiscale statistical moment‐estimation had smaller differences between the prefocal and focal regions. The differences of perfusion intensity induced by an uneven acoustic field decreased to 3.47% ± 1.58 %. The differences decreased by the logarithmic m‐coding DCEUS scheme were further regulated by threshold values of m estimation.ConclusionsThe logarithmic m‐coding DCEUS scheme could recover the underestimated MB backscattered‐echoes and the misestimated perfusion intensity induced by the uneven acoustic field. The scheme had the potential to weaken the limitation of microvasculature identification and hemodynamic characterization marked by MBs within tissues or tumors in the uneven acoustic field.
Nonlinear analysis of single pile settlement based on stress bubble fictitious soil pile model
Authors: Wang Lixing , Wu Wenbing , Zhang Yunpeng , Li Lichen , Liu Hao , Naggar M. Hesham El 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTaking both pile end stress diffusion effect and pile‐soil interface softening effect into account, a new nonlinear method for the vertical settlement of pile is proposed in this paper. In detail, a new model, namely stress bubble fictitious soil pile model, is proposed to simulate the support from the pile bottom soil. The nonlinear soil softening model is introduced to establish the relationship between unit pile shaft friction and pile‐soil relative displacement. Then, a nonlinear calculation method for load‐settlement analysis in multilayered soil is developed with the integration of these two models. The validity and accuracy of the proposed method are verified through the comparisons against experimental and existing simplified methods. At last, a detailed parametric study is conducted to assess the influence of the parameters related to the proposed model and pile‐soil system on the load‐displacement behavior of single pile. The promotion of this method could hugely boost the prediction of the single pile settlement for the preliminary design of pile foundation in layered soil.
Biocarbon: A lightweight, functional filler for under‐the‐hood automotive composites
Authors: Langhorst Amy , Peczonczyk Sabrina , Sun Hannah , Kiziltas Alper , Mielewski Deborah 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn recent years, automotive manufacturers have increased their use of natural fiber composites to reduce vehicle weight and improve carbon footprint. However, natural fibers have lower thermal stability than many synthetic fiber alternatives, limiting their application to low‐processing temperature polymers and low‐temperature automotive environments. Pyrolysis of biomass yields a porous substance called biocarbon, which has superior thermal performance and hydrophobicity than biomass. This study evaluated the effects of biocarbon pyrolysis conditions and biomass source on the properties of biocarbon powders and the performance of biocarbon as a reinforcing agent in thermoplastic composites. Hybrid biocarbon‐glass fiber polyamide‐6 composites were generated with varying loading level and biocarbon type. Composites were evaluated in terms of mechanical (tensile and impact), morphological (scanning electron microscope), and thermal performance (thermal gravimetric analysis [TGA] and differential scanning calorimetry [DSC]); the chemical characteristics (X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared) and thermal performance (TGA and DSC) of biocarbon powders were also determined. A 10% increase in the loading level of biocarbon resulted in a 7%–10% improvement in composite strength. Biomass source affected the thermal stability of a biocarbon powder. Coconut‐based biocarbon composites exhibited thermal performance comparable to materials currently used in automotive fan‐and‐shroud applications, suggesting that biocarbon composites have the potential for use as low‐density, high‐temperature automotive materials.
Cover Image
Authors: Oka Kouki , Tobita Yuka , Kataoka Miho , Kobayashi Kazuki , Kaiwa Yusuke , Nishide Hiroyuki , Oyaizu Kenichi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe cover image is based on the Research Article Hydrophilic isopropanol/acetone‐substituted polymers for safe hydrogen storage by Kouki Oka et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.6337.
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Remarked suppression of Aβ42 protomer–protomer dissociation reaction elucidated by molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Kurisaki Ikuo , Tanaka Shigenori 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMultimeric protein complexes are molecular apparatuses to regulate biological systems and often determine their fate. Among proteins forming such molecular assemblies, amyloid proteins have drawn attention over a half‐century since amyloid fibril formation of these proteins is supposed to be a common pathogenic cause for neurodegenerative diseases. This process is triggered by the accumulation of fibril‐like aggregates, while the microscopic mechanisms are mostly elusive due to technical limitation of experimental methodologies in individually observing each of diverse aggregate species in the aqueous solution. We then addressed this problem by employing atomistic molecular dynamics simulations for the paradigmatic amyloid protein, amyloid‐β (Aβ42). Seven different dimeric forms of oligomeric Aβ42 fibril‐like aggregate in aqueous solution, ranging from tetramer to decamer, were considered. We found additive effects of the size of these fibril‐like aggregates on their thermodynamic stability and have clarified kinetic suppression of protomer‐protomer dissociation reactions at and beyond the point of pentamer dimer formation. This observation was obtained from the specific combination of the Aβ42 protomer structure and the physicochemical condition that we here examined, while it is worthwhile to recall that several amyloid fibrils take dimeric forms of their protomers. We could thus conclude that the stable formation of fibril‐like protomer dimer should be involved in a turning point where rapid growth of amyloid fibrils is triggered.
Systematic review of the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of cell‐based seasonal influenza vaccines for the prevention of laboratory‐confirmed influenza in individuals ≥18 years of age
Authors: Jordan Karen , Murchu Eamon O. , Comber Laura , Hawkshaw Sarah , Marshall Liam , O’Neill Michelle , Teljeur Conor , Harrington Patricia , Carnahan Annasara , Pérez‐Martín Jaime Jesús , Robertson Anna Hayman , Johansen Kari , Jonge Jorgen de , Krause Tyra , Nicolay Nathalie , Nohynek Hanna , Pavlopoulou Ioanna , Pebody Richard , Penttinen Pasi , Soler‐Soneira Marta , Wichmann Ole , Ryan Máirín 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe most effective means of preventing seasonal influenza is through strain‐specific vaccination. In this study, we investigated the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of cell‐based trivalent and quadrivalent influenza vaccines. A systematic literature search was conducted in electronic databases and grey literature sources up to 7 February 2020. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non‐randomised studies of interventions (NRSIs) were eligible for inclusion. Two reviewers independently screened, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Certainty of evidence for key outcomes was assessed using the GRADE methodology. The search returned 28,846 records, of which 868 full‐text articles were assessed for relevance. Of these, 19 studies met the inclusion criteria. No relative efficacy data were identified for the direct comparison of cell‐based vaccines compared with traditional vaccines (egg‐based). Efficacy data were available comparing cell‐based trivalent influenza vaccines with placebo in adults (aged 18–49 years). Overall vaccine efficacy was 70% against any influenza subtype (95% CI 61%–77%, two RCTS), 82% against influenza A(H1N1) (95% CI 71%–89%, 2 RCTs), 72% against influenza A(H3N2) (95% CI 39%–87%, 2 RCTs) and 52% against influenza B (95% CI 30%–68%, 2 RCTs). Limited and heterogeneous data were presented for effectiveness when compared with no vaccination. One NRSI compared cell‐based trivalent and quadrivalent vaccination with traditional trivalent and quadrivalent vaccination, finding a small but significant difference in favour of cell‐based vaccines for influenza‐related hospitalisation, hospital encounters and physician office visits. The safety profile of cell‐based trivalent vaccines was comparable to traditional trivalent influenza vaccines. Compared with placebo, cell‐based trivalent influenza vaccines have demonstrated greater efficacy in adults aged 18–49 years. Overall cell‐based vaccines are well‐tolerated in adults, however, evidence regarding the effectiveness of these vaccines compared with traditional seasonal influenza vaccines is limited.
Model misspecification in stepped wedge trials: Random effects for time or treatment
Authors: Voldal Emily C. , Xia Fan , Kenny Avi , Heagerty Patrick J. , Hughes James P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMixed models are commonly used to analyze stepped wedge trials (SWTs) to account for clustering and repeated measures on clusters. One critical issue researchers face is whether to include a random time effect or a random treatment effect. When the wrong model is chosen, inference on the treatment effect may be invalid. We explore asymptotic and finite‐sample convergence of variance component estimates when the model is misspecified and how misspecification affects the estimated variance of the treatment effect. For asymptotic results, we rely on analytical solutions rather than simulation studies, which allow us to succinctly describe the convergence of misspecified estimates, even though there are multiple roots for each misspecified model. We found that both direction and magnitude of the bias associated with model‐based standard errors depends on the study design and magnitude of the true variance components. We identify some scenarios in which choosing the wrong random effect has a large impact on model‐based inference. However, many trends depend on trial design and assumptions about the true correlation structure, so we provide tools for researchers to investigate specific scenarios of interest. We use data from an SWT on disinvesting from weekend services in hospital wards to demonstrate how these results can be applied as a sensitivity analysis, which quantifies the impact of misspecification under a variety of settings and directly compares the potential consequences of different modeling choices. Our results will provide guidance for prespecified model choices and supplement sensitivity analyses to inform confidence in the validity of results.
Integrating Multi‐Heterointerfaces in a 1D@2D@1D Hierarchical Structure via Autocatalytic Pyrolysis for Ultra‐Efficient Microwave Absorption Performance
Authors: Huan Xianhua , Wang Hongtao , Deng Wenchao , Yan Jiqiang , Xu Ke , Geng Hongbo , Guo Xiaodong , Jia Xiaolong , Zhou Jisheng , Yang Xiaoping 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDeveloping microwave absorption (MA) materials with ultrahigh efficiency and facile preparation method remains a challenge. Herein, a superior 1D@2D@1D hierarchical structure integrated with multi‐heterointerfaces via self‐assembly and an autocatalytic pyrolysis is designed to fully unlock the microwave attenuation potential of materials, realizing ultra‐efficient MA performance. By precisely regulating the morphology of the metal organic framework precursor toward improved impedance matching and intelligently integrating multi‐heterointerfaces to boosted dielectric polarization, the specific return loss value of composites can be effectively tuned and optimized to −1002 dB at a very thin thickness of 1.8 mm. These encouraging achievements shed fresh insights into the precise design of ultra‐efficient MA materials.
A suspected case of a multiple autoimmune syndrome in a poodle dog
Authors: Lim Dahye , Jin Yunseok , Son Youngmin , Oh Taeho , Bae Seulgi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA 9‐year‐old castrated male poodle dog was presented with icterus, anorexia, and lethargy. The dog was diagnosed with hypothyroidism 1 month before and was treated with levothyroxine. Severe anaemia with spherocytes, positive saline agglutination test, and hyperbilirubinemia indicated immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA). Therefore, immunosuppressive therapy with prednisolone, mycophenolate mofetil, and danazol was started. Although the IMHA was well controlled, during tapering of prednisolone, acute multiple joint swelling and oedema suspected immune‐mediated polyarthritis occurred twice. First, clinical symptoms improved as the dosage of prednisolone increased. However, the dog showed severe adverse effects to the steroid. Second time, we added leflunomide as another immunosuppressant, and clinical signs of arthritis disappeared. About 3 weeks later, despite the immunosuppressive therapy, skin lesions resembling an autoimmune dermatologic disorder spread throughout the body. Addition of cyclosporine resolved the skin lesions. This is a case report of a dog showing several sporadic clinical signs related to multiple autoimmune syndromes and their management using different immunosuppressant drugs.