bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Analysis of Flow Through Throttle Valve During Gaseous Cavitation
Authors: Polášek Tomáš , Hružík Lumír , Bureček Adam , Ledvoň Marian 
Published: November 2022

The multiphase flow in oil hydraulic systems has a very significant effect on the correct operation of the hydraulic system. Air can be found in various states in hydraulic systems, while free entrained air in the form of bubbles has the potential to be the most problematic. It especially affects the compressibility of the hydraulic liquid resulting in reduced stiffness of the hydraulic system. The actuators of the hydraulic mechanisms then do not achieve the fast response and the precision of movements depending on the input control signals. One possibility for the contamination of hydraulic fluid by air bubbles is through a phenomenon known as gaseous cavitation. This is a phenomenon in which gas is released when the pressure drops below the saturation pressure of the dissolved gas in the liquid. This article focuses on the experimental analysis of the flow through the throttle valve which is affected by the formation of air bubbles at the throttle edge of the valve. The regions of gaseous cavitation were observed at the different flow cross-section of the throttle valve. The throttle valve was placed into the block of transparent material to provide visualization of the individual measurements. The article is supplemented with photographs of the individual measurements showing the gaseous cavitation inception.
Research background: flow cross-section, cavitation phenomenon, discharge coefficient.
Purpose of the article: Effect of flow cross-section size and flow velocity on cavitation development.
Methods: Experimental measurements.
Findings & Value added: The investigation of the gaseous cavitation inception, Visualization of the individual measurements.
Braid Angle and its Influence on the Hydraulic Hoses Behaviour Under Pressure Loading
Authors: Dýrr Filip , Bureček Adam , Hružík Lumír , Polášek Tomáš 
Published: November 2022

This paper deals with the experimental analysis of the effect of the braid angle on the behaviour of a hydraulic hose under pressure loading. The main structural elements of the hose are a rubber tube and a steel braid or spiral. The material of the braid and the number of braids influence the magnitude of the pressure load on the hydraulic hose. The angle of the braid affects the deformation of the hydraulic hose when the inner wall is loaded with fluid pressure. For hydraulic hoses, it is a requirement to maintain a neutral braid angle during manufacture to ensure a balance between axial and circumferential stresses under pressure loading. An experimental device was set up to measure the hoses. This device can be used to measure the diameter of the outer braid, the length and the tensile force of the hose in the axial direction and, where appropriate, to evaluate the angle of the outer braid of the hose as a function of the fluid pressure loading on the inner wall of the hose. The object of the research is to determine the effect of the braid angle on the behaviour of the hydraulic hose under pressure loading. Based on the measurements, the dependencies of the tensile force, the braid angle and the change in length of hydraulic hoses on the internal pressure were determined. In order to compare the measurement results, hydraulic hoses with different inner diameters and different numbers of braids or spirals were selected.
Research background: Description of neutral braid angle, hydraulic hose geometry, tensile force of hose.
Purpose of the article: Influence of braid angle on the hydraulic hoses behaviour under pressure loading.
Methods: Experimental measurements.
Findings & Value added: Determining of the change of length dependencies on the pressure, determining of the tensile force dependencies on the pressure.
Adaptive Shading System as a Building Heat Load Reduction
Authors: Masaryk Michal 
Published: November 2022

This article deals with conceptual design and experimental implementation of active shading system to reduce building heat gains. First, the problem of building overheating in the summer period and the requirement of lighting in the building interior is explained. Then, the concept of the automated shading system is presented as an efficient yet simple solution to this problem. Along with that, the initial phase of experimental verification, namely the design and additives used, is described. In conclusion, the results of the initial phase are discussed and the future stages of the project along with its significance for the industry are explored.
Research background: The issue of overheating of utility buildings in the summer period and the requirement of sufficient lighting of their interior. Measurements in the respective literature and on-site in industrial buildings.
Purpose of the article: Explaining the conceptual design of an automated shading system as a remedy to the overheating problem and also to raise awareness of this widespread issue.
Methods: Direct measurements of the respective quantities in the industrial sites were conducted. Laboratory experiments along with measurements of several used shading solutions were conducted.
Findings & Value added: Some substances showed promising results in creating a translucent heat barrier for sunlight. Further solutions are planned to be tested.
COVID-19 and Perinatal Stress Experience – a Study Conducted as Part of the COVGEN Initiative
Authors: Kentschke Dominik , Bauer Ilena , Moser Julia , Schleger Franziska , Hahn Marlene , Pauluschke-Fröhlich Jan , Jakubowski Peter , Abele Harald , Preissl Hubert , Hartkopf Julia 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduction During the COVID-19 pandemic, stress and anxiety in the population increased due to concerns about people’s own health and that of their relatives, as well as changes in
everyday life due to measures taken to reduce the infection rate. Pregnant women are particularly stressed. The present study examines how the COVID-19 pandemic affects the stress experience
and mental health of pregnant women and mothers of newborns and how care could be optimized.
Methods As part of the international COVGEN initiative (https://www.covgen.org) to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the
peripartum period, pregnant and postpartum women were asked about their experience with stress using the COPE-IS (Coronavirus Perinatal Experiences – Impact Survey) questionnaire developed
for this purpose and translated from the English. In addition, demographic data, pre-existing diseases, pregnancy complications and the care situation were recorded. The questionnaire was
either administered as hardcopy to inpatients at the Department of Women’s Health, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany, or online. All pregnant women and mothers who were pregnant or had
given birth after the official start of the COVID-19 pandemic (11 March 2020) were eligible to participate.
Results Complete data sets of n = 156 pregnant women and n = 221 postpartum women were available for evaluation. The general stress level assessed with the COPE-IS was significantly
increased by the COVID-19 pandemic in both, pregnant and postpartum women, with pre-existing conditions such as respiratory diseases and pregnancy-related diseases like gestational diabetes
adding to the stress. The subjectively perceived quality of care/support during pregnancy also influenced the stress level.
Conclusions Fears of a COVID-19 infection and changes in preventive and aftercare services were a burden for the women surveyed. Intensified care during pregnancy and puerperium
could help to stabilize the mental situation and reduce stress.
Weiterentwicklung und Vernetzung der onkologischen
Versorgungsstrukturen, der Qualitätssicherung und der
Forschung
Authors: Klinkhammer-Schalke Monika , Wesselmann Simone , Bruns Johannes , Nettekoven Gerd , Tillack Anett , Follmann Markus , Arndt Volker , Graeven Ullrich , Hartz Tobias , Illmer Thomas , Inwald Elisabeth C. , Kaiser Thomas , Nothacker Monika , Ortmann Olaf , Schmidt Sabine , Schmitt Jochen , Zeissig Sylke R. , Seufferlein Thomas 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungWie ist eine bessere Vernetzung von Medizinischen Leitlinien, Implementierung,
Umsetzung und Messung des Outcomes in der onkologischer Versorgung
möglich – sowohl für Erkrankte als auch für
Leistungserbringer:innen ist Ziel der 2019 auf den Weg gebrachten
Querschnitts-Arbeitsgruppe „Qualität und Vernetzung“.
Der folgende Artikel gibt eine Übersicht über bisher erreichte
Ziele in Leitlinien-Entwicklung, Qualitätsindikatoren-Entwicklung und
Dokumentation in Krebsregistern.
BIOPASS-Hybrid-Navigation für die endoskopische Nasennebenhöhlenchirurgie – ein Assistenzsystem
Authors: Heuermann Katharina , Bieck Richard , Dietz Andreas , Fischer Miloš , Hofer Mathias , Neumuth Thomas , Pirlich Markus 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungBisherige Navigationssysteme können zwar im Rahmen der funktionellen endoskopischen Nasennebenhöhlenchirurgie (FESS) die Position des „getrackten“ Operationsinstruments in radiologische Schnitt-Bilddaten bestimmen, geben aber keine Hilfestellung direkt im videoendoskopischen Bild des Operateurs. Diese direkte Hilfestellung zur intraoperativen Orientierung und Risikoreduzierung zu entwickeln, war Ziel des BIOPASS-Projekts (Bild Ontologie und prozessgestütztes Assistenzsystem). Das Projekt verfolgt die Entwicklung eines neuartigen, markerlosen Navigationssystems für die FESS. BIOPASS beschreibt ein Hybrid-System, das verschiedene Sensordaten integriert und dem Chirurgen zur Verfügung stellt. Ziel ist es, das Tracking zu verlassen und ausschließlich Navigationsinformation direkt im Videobild zur Verfügung zu stellen. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt den ersten Schritt der Entwicklung, im Rahmen dessen die Operationsphasen (Workflows) untersucht, die videoendoskopischen Landmarken klassifiziert und eine erste klinische Evaluation der Modellversion durchgeführt wurden. Die Ergebnisse stellen eine wichtige Grundlage und Plattform für den nächsten Projektschritt dar.
Die Schnittstelle der Logopädie im Prozess der Geschlechtsangleichung von Mann zu Frau
Authors: Heydrich Kyra , Rustemeier-Holtwick Annette , Latoszek Ben Barsties v. 
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Stimme ist für die Geschlechtsidentifikation während des Transitionsprozesses entscheidend, da die Stimmfeminisierung einen bedeutenden Anteil zum Gelingen des Passing hat. Um die Rolle der Logopädie während des interdisziplinären Geschlechtsangleichungsprozesses von MzF-Trans* einordnen zu können, bedarf es möglicher Handlungsempfehlungen für die Zusammenarbeit mit den beteiligten Ärzten.
Material und Methoden Vier Experteninterviews aus den Bereichen der Phonochirurgie, Phoniatrie, Endokrinologie sowie plastischen Chirurgie wurden durchgeführt. Auf Grundlage dieser Interviews wurde ein potenzieller Leitlinienkonsens zur Einordnung der Rolle der Logopädie im Prozess der Geschlechtsangleichung von MzF-Trans* erstellt.
Ergebnisse Anhand der Expertengespräche wird einheitlich empfohlen, die logopädische Stimmtherapie schon zu Beginn der Transition zu berücksichtigen. Primär sollte eine konservative Therapie berücksichtigt werden, um z.B. irreversible Operationen des Larynx zu vermeiden. Der Fokus logopädischer Stimmtherapie bei Stimmfeminisierung obliegt zentral bei der Anpassung der mittleren Sprechstimmlage. In postoperativen Fällen sollte die logopädische Stimmtherapie das Sprechverhalten an die neue Anatomie anpassen und Komplikationen, wie z.B. eine unökonomische Stimm- und Sprechgebung, vorbeugen.
Schlussfolgerung Die aktuellen Interviews stellen einen ersten Einblick in die Kooperation von Logopäden und den medizinischen Fachbereichen zur Behandlung von MzF-Trans* dar. Um die Empfehlungen aus den Experteninterviews für einen potenziellen Leitlinienkonsens implementieren zu können, bedarf es Rücksprachen mit den hierzu beteiligten Fachgesellschaften sowie mehr randomisierter Studien zu spezifischen logopädischen Stimmtherapien.
Middle-distance Front Crawl Determinants When Using a
Wetsuit
Authors: Gay Ana , Ruiz-Navarro Jesús J. , Cuenca-Fernández Francisco , López-Belmonte Óscar , Fernandes Ricardo J. , Arellano Raúl 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOur aim was to establish the determinants explaining the wetsuit advantages in
middle-distance swimming efforts. Thirty-one triathletes and open water swimmers
performed two 400 m front crawl bouts in a 25 m swimming pool
with swim and wetsuits (with 48 h rest in-between). Anthropometric,
kinematic and physiological variables were measured and Pearson correlation
coefficients and stepwise linear regression analysis were used to determine
their relationships. Associations observed in the 400 m front crawl
included time improved using wetsuit with swimmers age (r=0.38;
p=0.017), cross-sectional area (r=0.33;
p=0.034), wetsuit upper limbs thickness (r=–0.49;
p=0.010), ΔInternational Swimming Federation Points
(r=–0.39;p=0.016), Δstroke rate (SR,
r=0.48; p=0.003), Δstroke length (SL,
r=-0.39; p=0.015), Δpropelling efficiency
(r=–0.37; p=0.019) and Δblood lactate
concentrations (r=0.30; p=0.048) in the total sample. In
females, associations were found between the time improved and wetsuit upper and
lower limbs thickness (both r=–0.78; p=0.011),
and in males associations were found between time improved and age
(r=0.43; p=0.030), ΔSR (r=0.56;
p=0.005) and ΔSL (r=–0.44;
p=0.026). Furthermore, 48% of the 400 m front crawl
time improved was explained by wetsuit upper limbs thickness and SR changes
(total sample), 62% explained by the wetsuit lower limbs thickness
(females) and 48% of this enhancement was related to age and SR changes
(males). Therefore, faster upper and lower limbs actions and wetsuit upper and
lower limbs thickness are beneficial for 400 m front crawl performance
improvement.
Endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) compared to submucosal tunnel endoscopic resection (STER) for treatment of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Authors: Chiu Philip Wai Yan , Yip Hon Chi , Chan Shannon Melissa , Ng Stephen Ka Kei , Teoh Anthony Yuen Bun , Ng Enders Kwok Wai 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Submucosal tunnel endoscopic resection (STER) is being increasingly performed for treatment of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), while STER has been limited by close dissection within tunnel and risking breach of tumor capsule. Endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) allows resection of GIST with margins to prevent recurrence. This study aimed to compare EFTR against STER for treatment of gastric GIST.
Patients and methods We retrospectively reviewed clinical outcomes of patients with gastric GIST who received either STER or EFTR. Patients with gastric GISTs < than 4 cm were included. Clinical outcomes including baseline demographics, perioperative and oncological outcomes were compared between the two groups.
Results From 2013 to 2019, 46 patients with gastric GISTs were treated with endoscopic resection, 26 received EFTR and 20 received STER. Most of the GISTs were in the proximal stomach. There was no difference in operative time (94.9 vs 84.9 mins; P = 0.401), while endoscopic suturing was applied more for closure after EFTR (P < 0.0001). Patients after STER had earlier resumption of diet and shorter hospital stay while there was no difference in adverse event rate between two groups. The en-bloc resection rate for EFTR was significantly higher than for STER (100 % vs 80 %; P = 0.029), while there was no difference in the local recurrence.
Conclusions This study demonstrated that although patients who received EFTR had longer hospital stays and slower resumption of diet compared to those who underwent STER, EFTR achieved a significantly higher rate of en-bloc resection compared to STER for treatment of gastric GIST.
One-Step, Gram-Scale Synthesis of Caffeine-d
9 from Xanthine and CD3I
Authors: Gris Pavel , Murphy Graham K. , Tarasca Michael V. , Tomlinson Cassidy J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA one-step, gram-scale synthesis of caffeine-d
9 was achieved using xanthine and CD3I. The reaction proceeds at room temperature using dimsyl sodium as base and THF as solvent, and conducting the reaction on a 1-g scale gave caffeine and caffeine-d
9 in 77% and 86% yield, respectively, after recrystallization.
N-(Trimethylsilyl)-2-amino-5-nitrothiazole: An Efficient Reagent for the Direct Synthesis of 2-Amino-5-nitrothiazole-Based Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Livinghouse Tom , Koenig Heidi N. , Demeritte Amethyst R. , Nelson Genevieve P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHere we report the synthesis of a novel reagent designed to prepare 2-amino-5-nitrothiazole (ANT) amides and analogues in high yields. N-(Trimethylsilyl)-2-amino-5-nitrothiazole (N-(TMS)-ANT) was prepared in 99% yield via silylation of ANT using 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS), trimethylsilyl chloride (TMSCl), and catalytic saccharin. N-(TMS)-ANT is a superb reagent for the preparation of ANT amides in excellent yields. Notably, cyclic anhydrides and base-sensitive acyl chlorides can be utilized with N-(TMS)-ANT to furnish ANT amides that are difficult to prepare by previously reported procedures.
Recyclable Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Cyclization of Aryl Iodides and 2-Hydroxyacetophenones towards Flavones
Authors: Cai Mingzhong , Huang Bin , Xie Gang , Zhan Jianan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA highly efficient heterogeneous palladium-catalyzed carbonylative cyclization of aryl iodides and 2-hydroxyacetophenones is developed. The reaction proceeds efficiently in DMSO at 120 °C under 3 bar of carbon monoxide by using 2 mol% of an MCM-41-immobilized bidentate phosphine palladium complex [MCM-41-2P-Pd(OAc)2] as the catalyst and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) as the base, providing a general, efficient and practical approach for the assembly of a wide variety of flavones in mostly good to high yields from readily available starting materials. This supported palladium catalyst can be easily recovered via centrifugation of the reaction mixture and recycled more than nine times without any significant loss of its catalytic efficiency.
Discourse features of an Ethiopian health radio phone-in
Authors: Adal Jemal Mohammed 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study aims to describe the discourse features of an Ethiopian health radio phone-in program. More specifically, building on previous studies that draw on the methodological insights of CA/MCA, we demonstrate how topical discussion about public health issues on a radio phone-in show is accomplished. Our analysis is based on eight hours of recorded and transcribed talk data from a public FM radio station broadcasting in Amharic, FM Addis 97.1. Our analysis shows that the speech exchange between the host and callers is central to the organization of interactions in the talk show and comprises phases such as openings, topical talk, and closings. We further demonstrate using examples how what counts as ‘topical talk’ is initiated and pursued through reliance on a sequential development of relevant categories and identities, where one builds upon another during the course of the interaction. Our analysis reveals that interaction resources such as reminding callers of the theme/topic, posing a question relating to the theme of the talk, and using ‘eshi’ (which translates as ‘ok’) or ‘eshi’ prefaced statements or questions are employed to initiate topical talk as well as elicit callers’ membership categories vis-à-vis the theme. Such categorical information is in turn drawn upon to develop topical talk. Central to the development of topical talk in the program then is the elicitation of callers’ first-hand experiential accounts. Overall, we illustrate that the accomplishment of the topical talk involves a reflexive combination of categorical and sequential methods through which layers of background context are built and drawn upon by the participants in the talk show.
An automated fast neutron computed tomography instrument with on-line focusing for non-destructive evaluation
Authors: Bisbee M. G. , Oksuz I. , VanZile M. P. , Cherepy N. J. , Cao L. R. 
Published: November 2022

A fast neutron tomography imaging instrument has been designed, built, and tested at The Ohio State University 500 kW Research Reactor on a fast neutron beamline with a peak neutron flux ≈5.4 × 107 n·cm−2·s−1 at 1.6 MeV median neutron energy. The instrument and beamline are also configurable for thermal neutron imaging. The imaging apparatus is composed of a lens coupled, water-cooled Electron Multiplying Charge Coupled Device camera, a front-surface mirror, and a high light yield plastic Polyvinyl toluene scintillator. The instrument sits on a mobile cart. A total of 5 motion-control stages are built into the system for XYZ and rotational degrees of freedom for sample positioning; the fifth stage fine tunes the focal distance between the camera and the scintillator to achieve on-line focusing. A Python code with a user-friendly graphical user interface controls the fully automated image acquisition, not requiring user interaction, yet facilitating tracking of the image acquisition. A complete fast neutron computed tomography dataset with 360 projections requires less than 3 h, with 30 s per projection. On-line focusing is accomplished with a commercial, off-the-shelf, dielectrically actuated liquid lens. Finally, tomographic reconstructions are visualized using the Livermore Tomography Tools software package. The effective pixel size (width and height) is ≈0.1058 mm, yielding a minimum voxel size of 0.1058 × 0.1058 × 0.1058 mm3, and produces a spatial resolution of 231 μm when calculated from knife-edge measurements.
Advanced technique for measuring relative length changes under control of temperature and helium-gas pressure
Authors: Agarmani Y. , Hartmann S. , Zimmermann J. , Gati E. , Delleske C. , Tutsch U. , Wolf B. , Lang M. 
Published: November 2022

We report the realization of an advanced technique for measuring relative length changes ΔL/L of mm-sized samples under the control of temperature (T) and helium-gas pressure (P). The system, which is an extension of the apparatus described in the work of Manna et al. [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 085111 (2012)], consists of two 4He-bath cryostats, each of which houses a pressure cell and a capacitive dilatometer. The interconnection of the pressure cells, the temperature of which can be controlled individually, opens up various modes of operation to perform measurements of ΔL/L under the variation of temperature and pressure. Special features of this apparatus include the possibility (1) to increase the pressure to values far in excess of the external pressure reservoir, (2) to substantially improve the pressure stability during temperature sweeps, (3) to enable continuous pressure sweeps with both decreasing and increasing pressure, and (4) to simultaneously measure the dielectric constant of the pressure-transmitting medium, viz., helium, εrHe(T,P), along the same T-P trajectory as that used for taking the ΔL(T, P)/L data. The performance of the setup is demonstrated by measurements of relative length changes (ΔL/L)T at T = 180 K of single crystalline NaCl upon continuously varying the pressure in the range 6 ≤ P ≤ 40 MPa.