bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolomic signatures for the longitudinal reduction of muscle strength over 10 years
Authors: Werdyani Salem , Aitken Dawn , Gao Zhiwei , Liu Ming , Randell Edward W. , Rahman Proton , Jones Graeme , Zhai Guangju 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Skeletal muscles are essential components of the neuromuscular skeletal system that have an integral role in the structure and function of the synovial joints which are often affected by osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of this study was to identify the baseline metabolomic signatures for the longitudinal reduction of muscle strength over 10 years in the well-established community-based Tasmanian Older Adult Cohort (TASOAC).

Methods
Study participants were 50–79 year old individuals from the TASOAC. Hand grip, knee extension, and leg strength were measured at baseline, 2.6-, 5-, and 10-year follow-up points. Fasting serum samples were collected at 2.6-year follow-up point, and metabolomic profiling was performed using the TMIC Prime Metabolomics Profiling Assay. Generalized linear mixed effects model was used to identify metabolites that were associated with the reduction in muscle strength over 10 years after controlling for age, sex, and BMI. Significance level was defined at α=0.0004 after correction of multiple testing of 129 metabolites with Bonferroni method. Further, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis was performed to explore if genetic factors account for the association between the identified metabolomic markers and the longitudinal reduction of muscle strength over 10 years.

Results
A total of 409 older adults (50% of them females) were included. The mean age was 60.93±6.50 years, and mean BMI was 27.12±4.18 kg/m2 at baseline. Muscle strength declined by 0.09 psi, 0.02 kg, and 2.57 kg per year for hand grip, knee extension, and leg strength, respectively. Among the 143 metabolites measured, 129 passed the quality checks and were included in the analysis. We found that the elevated blood level of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) was associated with the reduction in hand grip (p=0.0003) and knee extension strength (p=0.008) over 10 years. GWAS analysis found that a SNP rs1125718 adjacent to WISP1gene was associated with ADMA levels (p=4.39*10-8). Further, we found that the increased serum concentration of uric acid was significantly associated with the decline in leg strength over 10 years (p=0.0001).

Conclusion
Our results demonstrated that elevated serum ADMA and uric acid at baseline were associated with age-dependent muscle strength reduction. They might be novel targets to prevent muscle strength loss over time.
Printing and scanning investigation for image counter forensics
Authors: Joren Hailey , Gupta Otkrist , Raviv Dan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractExamining the authenticity of images has become increasingly important as manipulation tools become more accessible and advanced. Recent work has shown that while CNN-based image manipulation detectors can successfully identify manipulations, they are also vulnerable to adversarial attacks, ranging from simple double JPEG compression to advanced pixel-based perturbation. In this paper we explore another method of highly plausible attack: printing and scanning. We demonstrate the vulnerability of two state-of-the-art models to this type of attack. We also propose a new machine learning model that performs comparably to these state-of-the-art models when trained and validated on printed and scanned images. Of the three models, our proposed model outperforms the others when trained and validated on images from a single printer. To facilitate this exploration, we create a data set of over 6000 printed and scanned image blocks. Further analysis suggests that variation between images produced from different printers is significant, large enough that good validation accuracy on images from one printer does not imply similar validation accuracy on identical images from a different printer.
Establishment and validation of a nomogram to predict the in-hospital death risk of nosocomial infections in cancer patients
Authors: Jiang Aimin , Shi Xin , Zheng Haoran , Liu Na , Chen Shu , Gao Huan , Ren Mengdi , Zheng Xiaoqiang , Fu Xiao , Liang Xuan , Ruan Zhiping , Tian Tao , Yao Yu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Attributed to the immunosuppression caused by malignancy itself and its treatments, cancer patients are vulnerable to developing nosocomial infections. This study aimed to develop a nomogram to predict the in-hospital death risk of these patients.

Methods
This retrospective study was conducted at a medical center in Northwestern China. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were adopted to identify predictive factors for in-hospital mortality of nosocomial infections in cancer patients. A nomogram was developed to predict the in-hospital mortality of each patient, with receiver operating characteristic curves and calibration curves being generated to assess its predictive ability. Furthermore, decision curve analysis (DCA) was also performed to estimate the clinical utility of the nomogram.

Results
A total of 1,008 nosocomial infection episodes were recognized from 14,695 cancer patients. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (15.5%) was the most predominant causative pathogen. Besides, multidrug-resistant strains were discovered in 25.5% of cases. The multivariate analysis indicated that Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status 3–4, mechanical ventilation, septic shock, hypoproteinemia, and length of antimicrobial treatment < 7 days were correlated with higher in-hospital mortality. Patients who received curative surgery were correlated with favorable survival outcomes. Ultimately, a nomogram was constructed to predict the in-hospital mortality of nosocomial infections in cancer patients. The area under the curve values of the nomogram were 0.811 and 0.795 in the training and validation cohorts. The calibration curve showed high consistency between the actual and predicted in-hospital mortality. DCA indicated that the nomogram was of good clinical utility and more credible net clinical benefits in predicting in-hospital mortality.

Conclusions
Nosocomial infections stay conjoint in cancer patients, with gram-negative bacteria being the most frequent causative pathogens. We developed and verified a nomogram that could effectively predict the in-hospital death risk of nosocomial infections among these patients. Precise management of high-risk patients, early recognition of septic shock, rapid and adequate antimicrobial treatment, and dynamic monitoring of serum albumin levels may improve the prognosis of these individuals.
Two case reports of chorea-acanthocytosis and review of literature
Authors: Huang Shuangfeng , Zhang Junliang , Tao Manli , Lv Yaodong , Xu Luyao , Liang Zhigang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc), as the most common subtype of neuroacanthocytosis syndrome, is characterized by the presence of acanthocytes and neurological symptoms. It is thought to be caused by the VPS13A (vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 13A) mutations. This article reports two confirmed cases of ChAc and summarizes some suggestive features, which provide direction for the diagnosis and treatment of acanthocytosis in the future.

Case presentation
Here, we present two cases of ChAc diagnosed based on typical clinical symptoms, neuroimaging features, genetic findings of VPS13A, and response to the symptomatic treatment.

Conclusions
Chorea-acanthocytosis is a rare neurodegenerative disease with various early clinical manifestations. The final diagnosis of the ChAc can be established by either genetic analysis or protein expression by Western blotting. Supportive treatments and nursing are helpful to improve the quality of the patient’s life. Nevertheless, it is imperative to investigate the impact of neuroimaging and neuropathological diagnosis in a larger group of ChAc in future studies.
Influence of dense macrophyte vegetation and total gas saturation on the performance of acoustic telemetry
Authors: Thiemer Kirstine , Lennox Robert J. , Haugen Thrond Oddvar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Acoustic telemetry is widely used as a method for high resolution monitoring of aquatic animal movement to investigate relationships between individual animals and their environment. In shallow freshwater ecosystem, aquatic macrophytes are common and their presence increases habitat complexity and baffles sound propagation. These properties may be likely to affect the performance of acoustic telemetry, however, to date this issue has received little attention, when studying the ecology of movements of fishes in and around the important macrophyte habitats. Here, we conducted a range-test study in a freshwater riverine ecosystem, with mass development of the aquatic macrophyte Juncus bulbosus (L.), to assess how dense macrophytes impact detection probability, detection range, and performance of a three-dimensional receiver positioning system. Supersaturation of gas frequently occurs at the study site as a by-product of upstream hydroelectric power generation and gave a unique opportunity to investigate how total gas saturation affects the performance of acoustic telemetry. We also investigated the influence of environmental conditions (i.e., day-of-year, time of day, average water level above J. bulbosus) on detection probability together with vertical position of transmitters and location inside or outside macrophytes.

Results
The detection probability and range were generally low for transmitters in and outside J. bulbosus stands, with mean hourly detection probabilities ranging from 1.18 to 5% and detection ranges between 17.26 m ± 0.74. The interaction between total macrophyte biomass and distance to receiver reduced the detection probability and detection range substantially. Detection probability further decreased with increasing total gas saturation, and transmitters positioned near the sediment and close to the surface also had lower detection probabilities compared to receivers in the middle of the water column. Finally, the low detection probability affected position estimates, where only 23% of the detections could be positioned using the average positioning estimation method and positional accuracy and precision were low ranging from 1.48 to 164.8 m and 0 to 50.1 m, respectively.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate the impact of macrophytes and total gas saturation on detection probability and range of acoustic transmitters in a shallow ecosystem, where tagged fish are unlikely to be detected by receivers or positioned. These results emphasise that in situ range testing is strongly needed before determining the density and design of receiver array when performing acoustic telemetry studies in shallow ecosystems.
Stop talking about it already! Co-ruminating and social media focused on COVID-19 was associated with heightened state anxiety, depressive symptoms, and perceived changes in health anxiety during Spring 2020
Authors: Stone Lindsey B. , Veksler Alice E. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Social distancing presents a significant obstacle for relationships and threatens mental health. Identifying maladaptive, voluntary coping strategies may inform how to maintain interpersonal relationships and mental health during quarantine. Co-ruminating with peers on negative events, moods and fears has adjustment trade-offs of increasing depression and anxiety risk while also enhancing friendship quality. Similarly, social media use is associated with social benefits and risk to mental health. We extend prior research by examining whether co-ruminating on COVID-19, social media use, and social media use focused on COVID-19 during social isolation was associated with heightened depression and anxiety symptoms but also lower loneliness and higher social support during initial lockdown measures in the USA.

Methods
Adults were recruited through social media (n = 345) to complete self-report surveys on co-rumination, social media use, social distancing, social support from March–May 2020. During this cross-sectional assessment, in addition to completing surveys on current depressive symptoms and state and health anxiety, participants also provided retrospective report of their perceived health anxiety levels six months prior.

Results
Co-ruminating on COVID-19 with peers and greater time on social media focused on COVID-19 predicted perceived increases in health anxiety and were also associated with higher depressive symptoms and state anxiety, even after controlling for significant demographic predictors. Further, in the context of social distancing, both interaction strategies failed to confer social benefits.

Conclusions
Results have direct implications for maintaining psychosocial health during social distancing restrictions. Adults may modify how they engage with peers by limiting COVID-19 content on social media and COVID-19 discussion.
Face masks disrupt holistic processing and face perception in school-age children
Authors: Stajduhar Andreja , Ganel Tzvi , Avidan Galia , Rosenbaum R. Shayna , Freud Erez 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFace perception is considered a remarkable visual ability in humans that is subject to a prolonged developmental trajectory. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, mask-wearing has become mandatory for adults and children alike. Recent research shows that mask-wearing hinders face recognition abilities in adults, but it is unknown if the same holds true in school-age children in whom face perception is not fully developed. Here we tested children (n = 72, ages 6–14 years old) on the Cambridge Face Memory Test – Kids (CFMT-K), a validated measure of face perception performance. Faces were presented with or without masks and across two orientations (upright/inverted). The inclusion of face masks led to a profound deficit in face perception abilities. This decrement was more pronounced in children compared to adults, but only when task difficulty was adjusted across the two age groups. Additionally, children exhibited reliable correlations between age and the CFMT-K score for upright faces for both the mask and no-mask conditions. Finally, as previously observed in adults, children also showed qualitative differences in the processing of masked versus non-masked faces. Specifically, holistic processing, a hallmark of face perception, was disrupted for masked faces as suggested by a reduced face-inversion effect. Together, these findings provide evidence for substantial quantitative and qualitative alterations in the processing of masked faces in school-age children.
Forensic entomology research in Egypt: a review article
Authors: Mashaly Ashraf , Ibrahim Abdelwahab 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Forensic entomology (FE) is widely considered as an important field of forensic science, particularly in the field of estimating postmortem intervals, which has advanced considerably across the world.

Main body
Researchers used necrophagous insects in twelve Egyptian governorates to look into the variables that impact insect succession and the growth of juvenile stages from infesting animal models and humans, draw toxicological conclusions, and identify insect species using morphological and molecular-based approaches. The study includes analyses of insect abundance and dispersion, along with biochemical and electrophysiological experiments. Comparable data from other Egyptian governorates, on the other side, is currently unavailable. Aspects of FE are also missing, which might be addressed in a future research project.

Conclusion
This review aims to provide an outline of FE in Egypt, other than to assist existing researchers in identifying research needs and recruiting new researchers into the field by highlighting significant forensic insects that might be employed in criminal prosecutions.
Disease predictability review using common biomarkers appearing in diabetic nephropathy and neurodegeneration of experimental animals
Authors: Yi Sun Shin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIt is recently known that the kidney and brain have a very rich distribution of blood vessels, and the histological structures of micro-vessels are very similar. Therefore, a number of studies have reported that renal diseases like chronic kidney disease (CKD) caused by various causes have a very close relationship with the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases. On the other hand, since diabetic nephropathy, which is caused by chronic inflammation, such as diabetes, often shows very different prognoses even in patients at the same clinical stage, the judgment of their disease prognosis will have a critical meaning in clinical practice. Recently, many studies of cerebro-renal interaction have been reported using experimental animals. The discovery of common biomarkers found in both organs can predict the prognosis of renal disease and the possibility of neurodegenerative disease progression. More associations can be found with novel common biomarkers found in the brain and kidneys that seem entirely unrelated. In that case, it will ultimately be a research field that can expand predictive models of patients' complex diseases through these biomarkers in clinical practice. It is presented biomarkers such as α-klotho, Nephrin, and Synaptopodin. These markers are observed in both the brain and kidney, and it has been reported that both organs show a very significant change in function according to their expression. Even though the brain and kidneys perform very independent functions, it is thought that it has a crucial diagnostic significance that the genes commonly expressed in both organs are functionally effective. With the discovery of novel biomarkers that share cerebro-renal interactions at the early stage of diabetic nephropathy, physicians can predict post-clinical symptoms and prevent severe neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, further study for the diseases of these two organs in laboratory animals means that the field of research on this relationship can be expanded in the future. In the future, more attention and research will be needed on the possibility of prediction for the prevention of neurological diseases caused by CKD in disease animal models.
Resuscitation after cardiac surgery awareness: an Egyptian national survey
Authors: Abdelghafar Moslem , Abdelmoneim Taher , Mohamed Alaa , Abdalla Mohamed 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Cardiac surgery patients have different resuscitative needs than other patients who experience in-hospital cardiac arrest; this was addressed in the guidelines. However, it is unknown how widely the guidelines are practiced, or a training protocol is followed in different cardiac surgery units in Egypt.

Methods
A 21-question survey was created and included: Participant demographics, prevalence of cardiac arrest, cardiac arrest protocol, emergency resternotomy technique, training protocols. Survey was disseminated through social media messaging platforms during the period between November 2020 and January 2021.

Results
Ninety-five responses were from 11 centres across Egypt. In total, 68.5% of the respondents were surgeons, 76.8% of participants were junior surgeons. For patients who go into VF after cardiac surgery, respondents would attempt a median of 3 shocks with only 24.2% commencing defibrillation shocks before external cardiac massage, whilst the majority initiating CPR immediately and performing emergency resternotomy in a median time of 10 min. In total, 56.8% would give 1 mg of adrenaline as soon as the cardiac arrest was established. If a surgeon was not available, only 36.8% of respondents would allow any trained personnel to perform the emergency resternotomy. Only 9.5% practice regularly on emergency sternotomies. Seventy-five percent think tailored training is important and staff should be oriented about it in the future.

Conclusion
An action plan is required to improve the training of the junior surgeons regarding the Cardiac Advanced Life Support Protocol to implement it in a timely organised manner. This should be endorsed and audited by a national society or body by keeping a national registry and mandatory recertification.
Diamonds in the appendix
Authors: Alyaseen Haidar , Alnosair Ashraf , Alghanim Mukhtar , Almusawi Ahmed , Cordoba Carlos 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
An uncommon cause of appendicitis is the entrapment of ingested foreign objects in the appendix. Although a rare event, it could remain asymptomatic for a prolonged time. The presence of foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract has a high potential for complications, in particular if sharp or large enough in size to cause obstruction. However, most often an ingested foreign object would be eliminated in the stool. Rarely, it may reside in the appendix depending on various factors such as the nature of the ingested body and the appendiceal peristaltic movements.

Case presentation
We report a case of abdominal pain due to a diamond earring trapped in the appendix for 2 years. A plain X-ray of the abdomen confirmed the diagnosis which prompted a laparoscopic appendectomy resulting in resolution of symptoms.

Conclusion
The initial presentation of an ingested foreign object can be similar to signs of symptoms of acute appendicitis and the patient must be monitored for several days to follow the trajectory of the foreign body in order to prevent complications. Even though the incidence is more common among the pediatric population, vigilance among adults should also be undertaken with a history of ingesting a foreign object, as this case demonstrates the importance of keeping a high index of suspicion when encountering such cases.
In-Hospital Opioid Consumption After the Previous Cesarean Delivery Weakly Predicts Opioid Consumption After Index Delivery: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Komatsu Ryu , Nash Michael , Mandalia Shane , Dinges Emily , Kamal Umar , Singh Davin , El-Omrani Hani , Anwar Anjum , Delgado Carlos , Ziga Taylor M. , Carvalho Brendan 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND:
To predict opioid consumption and pain intensity after the index cesarean delivery, we tested a hypothesis that opioid consumption after the previous cesarean delivery of the same patient can predict the opioid consumption after the index cesarean delivery. We further tested a secondary hypothesis that the pain scores after the previous cesarean delivery can predict the pain scores after the index cesarean delivery.

METHODS:
This is a retrospective cohort study of 470 women who underwent both previous and index cesarean deliveries at a single institution from January 2011 to June 2019. To predict the opioid consumption (primary outcome) and average pain scores (on 11-point numeric rating scale) after their index cesarean delivery, we used a linear regression model incorporating only the opioid consumption and average pain scores after the previous cesarean delivery, respectively (unadjusted models). Demographic and obstetric variables were then added as predictors (adjusted models). The bootstrap was used to compare these models with respect to proportion of variance of the outcome accounted for (R
2).

RESULTS:
Unadjusted models were weakly predictive of opioid consumption (R
2 = 0.268; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.146–0.368) and average pain scores (R
2 = 0.176; 95% CI, 0.057–0.250). An adjusted model for opioid consumption was weakly predictive (R
2 = 0.363; 95% CI, 0.208–0.478), but an adjusted model for average pain scores was not predictive of the outcomes (R
2 = 0.070; 95% CI, −0.143 to 0.219). Adjusted models failed to explain variances of opioid consumption and average pain scores significantly better than unadjusted models (P = .099 and P = .141, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:
Opioid consumption and pain scores after women’s previous cesarean delivery only explain 27% of variance of opioid consumption and 18% of variance of their pain after their index cesarean delivery. Therefore, previous cesarean delivery analgesic metrics are not robust enough to be used as clinically applicable predictors for index delivery.