bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges Created by the COVID-19 Pandemic: Pediatric Emergency Medicine and Disaster Management Perspectives
Authors: Tanner Thomas E. , Davis Nichole R. , Kaziny Brent D. , Endom Erin E. , Sampayo Esther M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjective:The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has presented unique challenges to pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) departments. The purpose of this study was to identify these challenges and ascertain how centers overcame barriers in creating solutions to continue to provide high-quality care and keep their workforce safe during the early pandemic.Methods:This is a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with physicians in leadership positions who have disaster or emergency management experience. Participants were identified through purposive sampling. Interviews were recorded and transcribed electronically. Themes and codes were extracted from the transcripts by 2 independent coders. Constant comparison analysis was performed until thematic saturation was achieved. Member-checking was completed to ensure trustworthiness.Results:Fourteen PEM-trained physicians participated in this study. Communication, leadership and planning, clinical practice, and personal adaptations were the principal themes identified. Recommendations elicited include improving communication strategies; increasing emergency department (ED) representation within hospital-wide incident command; preparing for a surge and accepting adult patients; personal protective equipment supply and usage; developing testing strategies; and adaptations individuals made to their practice to keep themselves and their families safe.Conclusions:By sharing COVID-19 experiences and offering solutions to commonly encountered problems, pediatric EDs may be better prepared for future pandemics.
Unified signature cumulants and generalized Magnus expansions
Authors: Friz Peter K. , Hager Paul P. , Tapia Nikolas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe signature of a path can be described as its full non-commutative exponential. Following T. Lyons, we regard its expectation, theexpected signature, as a path space analogue of the classical moment generating function. The logarithm thereof, taken in the tensor algebra, defines thesignature cumulant. We establish a universal functional relation in a general semimartingale context. Our work exhibits the importance of Magnus expansions in the algorithmic problem of computing expected signature cumulants and further offers a far-reaching generalization of recent results on characteristic exponents dubbed diamond and cumulant expansions with motivations ranging from financial mathematics to statistical physics. From an affine semimartingale perspective, the functional relation may be interpreted as a type of generalized Riccati equation.
Shokurov’s conjecture on conic bundles with canonical singularities
Authors: Han Jingjun , Jiang Chen , Luo Yujie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA conic bundle is a contraction$X\to Z$between normal varieties of relative dimension$1$such that$-K_X$is relatively ample. We prove a conjecture of Shokurov that predicts that if$X\to Z$is a conic bundle such thatXhas canonical singularities andZis$\mathbb {Q}$-Gorenstein, thenZis always$\frac {1}{2}$-lc, and the multiplicities of the fibres over codimension$1$points are bounded from above by$2$. Both values$\frac {1}{2}$and$2$are sharp. This is achieved by solving a more general conjecture of Shokurov on singularities of bases of lc-trivial fibrations of relative dimension$1$with canonical singularities.
Monkeypox transmission following exposure in healthcare facilities in nonendemic settings: Low risk but limited literature
Authors: Zachary Kimon C. , Shenoy Erica S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTransmission risk of monkeypox in healthcare settings outside endemic regions has not been well defined. A rapid review of the literature, including cases outside monkeypox-endemic regions from 2000 to 2022 identified a single reported case of transmission. Available literature is limited by nonstandardized exposure definitions and limited detail describing exposures.
A new needle nematode,Longidorus maginicusn. sp. (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from southern Spain
Authors: Liébanas G. , Clavero-Camacho I. , Cantalapiedra-Navarrete C. , Guerrero P. , Palomares-Rius J.E. , Castillo P. , Archidona-Yuste A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDuring nematode surveys in natural vegetation in Sierra Mágina, Jaén province, southern Spain, aLongidorusspecies closely resemblingLongidorus carpetanensiswas found, but application of integrative taxonomic approaches clearly demonstrated that it is a new species described herein asLongidorus maginicusn. sp. The new species is amphimictic, characterized by a moderately long body (4.2–5.2 mm); lip region anteriorly flattened, slightly separated from the rest of body by a depression, 9.0–11.0 μm wide and 3.5–6.0 μm high; amphidial fovea not lobed; relatively short odontostyle (61.0–70.5 μm); guiding ring located 23.5–27.0 μm from anterior end; vulva located at 42.0%–51.3% of body length; female tail 39.0–61.0 μm long, conoid, dorsally convex with rounded terminus (c′ = 1.3–2.1), with two or three pairs of caudal pores; and males common (1:2 ratio males:females), with moderately long spicules (39.0–48.5 μm) and 1 + 6–9 ventromedian supplements and three juvenile developmental stages. According to the polytomous key, codes for the new species are (codes in parentheses are exceptions): A2-B1-C2-D2-E1-F2(3)-G2-H5(4)-I2-J1-K6. The results of molecular analysis of D2–D3 28S, internal transcribed spacer region, partial 18S rDNA, and cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1 (coxI) gene sequences further characterized the new species status, and separated it fromL. carpetanensisand other related species.
Πνɛῦμα, Genealogical Descent and Things That Do Not Exist according to Paul
Authors: Hewitt J. Thomas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSeveral recent studies have proposed that according to Paul gentiles join Abraham's lineage in a quasi-physiological way by being infused with material πνɛῦμα. This article assesses that proposal, finding it to be an inaccurate description of Paul's language and rationale, and sets forth an alternative proposal based on Romans 4 and Paul's descriptions of baptism. This alternative proposal is that Paul understood the forging of an Abrahamic and divine pedigree for gentiles to be a divine act of creation from nothing, that is concomitant with believers’ proleptic death and resurrection in solidarity with the messiah.
Stigma and its implications for dementia in South Africa: a multi-stakeholder exploratory study
Authors: Jacobs Roxanne , Schneider Marguerite , Farina Nicolas , du Toit Petra , Evans-Lacko Sara 
Published: June 2022

AbstractStigma and discrimination in relation to dementia has a range of implications for people living with dementia and their families worldwide, including help-seeking, quality of life, social rejection and isolation. Few studies consider the perceptions and stigma towards dementia from multiple perspectives, such as people living with dementia, carers, general public and health-care workers. South Africa has limited evidence on the stigmatisation of people living with dementia, with responses to people living with dementia being driven by poor understanding of the condition, cultural beliefs about causes and social interaction problems associated with memory and cognitive impairment. This study explored the experiences of stigma among people living with dementia and their carers through understanding their own knowledge, attitudes and beliefs as well as those of the public and health-care workers. Qualitative data (N = 52) were collected across two provinces and in four languages (English, Afrikaans, Sesotho and isiZulu), with semi-structured interviews and focus groups with the following stakeholder groups: people living with dementia and their carers, the general public and health-care workers. Inductive thematic analysis generated themes across stakeholder groups. The study shows that people living with dementia and carers experienced high levels of internalised stigma, related to negative public attitudes, which were associated with high levels of isolation, health system unpreparedness and limited access to support. The study contributes to the evidence base needed in South Africa but also extends its relevance by contributing to a growing global evidence base on stigma and dementia in low- and middle-income contexts.
Delivering person-centred palliative care in long-term care settings: is humanism a quality of health-care employees or their organisations?
Authors: Hunter Paulette V. , McCleary Lynn , Qiao Thomas , Sussman Tamara , Venturato Lorraine , Thompson Genevieve , Wickson-Griffiths Abigail , Kaasalainen Sharon 
Published: June 2022

AbstractReflecting on sustained calls for patient-centredness and culture change in long-term care, we evaluated the relative importance of personal and organisational predictors of palliative care, hypothesising the former as weaker predictors than the latter. Health-care employees (N = 184) from four Canadian long-term care homes completed a survey of person-centred care, self-efficacy, employee wellbeing and occupational characteristics. Using backward stepwise regression models, we examined the relative contributions of these variables to person-centred palliative care. Specifically, blocks of variables representing personal, organisational and occupational characteristics; palliative care self-efficacy; and employee wellbeing were simultaneously regressed on variables representing aspects of person-centred care. The change in R2 associated with the removal of each block was examined to determine each block's overall contribution to the model. We found that occupational characteristics (involvement in care planning), employee wellbeing (compassion satisfaction) and self-efficacy were reliably associated with person-centred palliative care (p < 0.05). Facility size was not associated, and facility profit status was less consistently associated. Demographic characteristics (gender, work experience, education level) and some aspects of employee wellbeing (burnout, secondary trauma) were also not reliably associated. Overall, these results raise the possibility that humanistic care is less related to intrinsic characteristics of employees, and more related to workplace factors, or to personal qualities that can be cultivated in the workplace, including meaningful role engagement, compassion and self-efficacy.
Comparison of different registration methods in cone-beam computed tomography for breast boost radiation therapy
Authors: Lastrucci A. , Fedeli L. , Marciello L. , Serventi E. , Segnini S. , Meucci F. , Bernardi L. , Ricci R. , Marzano S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
The aim of this study is to compare patient geometrical uncertainties in the treatment of breast boost three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) considering both manual alignment and automatic different registration methods in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods:
A total of 85 patients were chosen for this study. A total of 254 registrations of CBCT vs planning computed tomography (CT) were retrospectively performed using automatic registration algorithms from Elekta XVI system (Clipbox and Mask) to detect patient setup uncertainties. All CBCTs were also matched manually by three health professionals. Mean shift values obtained with manual registration performed by health professionals were used as reference. Absolute value of difference between automatic algorithm shifts and reference values shifts was collected for each enrolled patient considering the three different spatial directions (x,
y
,z), and the magnitude was calculated (δm for Mask and δc for Clipbox).

Results:
Data analysis showed a significant difference in δm and δc. t-Test statistics showed a high difference between Mask and Clipbox, in particular mean δm = (1.3 ± 0.1) mm and δc = (3.3 ± 1.2) mm (p-value <0.0001). Mask algorithm was performed in a very similar way with respect to the reference alignment, and the differences between these two procedures were of the order of 1 mm. Clipbox algorithm showed larger differences with manual registration.

Conclusions:
These results suggest that the Mask algorithm may be the optimal choice for patient setup verification in clinical practice for breast boost treatment in 3D-CRT.
ACTIONS OF AUTOMORPHISM GROUPS OF FREE GROUPS ON SPACES OF JACOBI DIAGRAMS. II
Authors: Katada Mai 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe automorphism group
$\operatorname {Aut}(F_n)$
of the free group
$F_n$
acts on a space
$A_d(n)$
of Jacobi diagrams of degree d on n oriented arcs. We study the
$\operatorname {Aut}(F_n)$
-module structure of
$A_d(n)$
by using two actions on the associated graded vector space of
$A_d(n)$
: an action of the general linear group
$\operatorname {GL}(n,\mathbb {Z})$
and an action of the graded Lie algebra
$\mathrm {gr}(\operatorname {IA}(n))$
of the IA-automorphism group
$\operatorname {IA}(n)$
of
$F_n$
associated with its lower central series. We extend the action of
$\mathrm {gr}(\operatorname {IA}(n))$
to an action of the associated graded Lie algebra of the Andreadakis filtration of the endomorphism monoid of
$F_n$
. By using this action, we study the
$\operatorname {Aut}(F_n)$
-module structure of
$A_d(n)$
. We obtain an indecomposable decomposition of
$A_d(n)$
as
$\operatorname {Aut}(F_n)$
-modules for
$n\geq 2d$
. Moreover, we obtain the radical filtration of
$A_d(n)$
for
$n\geq 2d$
and the socle of
$A_3(n)$
.
Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Reactions to Somatic Stress Questionnaire (RSSQ)
Authors: Pfluger Viviane , Fischer Susanne , Maercker Andreas , Thoma Myriam V. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Background: Stress is a ubiquitous phenomenon in modern societies and is often accompanied by somatic sensations and symptoms, such as tension and nausea. Despite the inherent somatic component of stress, research on coping with stress has previously neglected to consider how somatic stress responses (i.e., somatic stress) may affect stress-coping behavior. Aim: To address this gap in the literature, this study introduces the concept of reactions to somatic stress (RSS). It also provides the first psychometric evaluation of the Reactions to Somatic Stress Questionnaire (RSSQ), a novel 16-item questionnaire that assesses hampering and facilitating RSS. Method: The RSSQ and a battery of questionnaires on related constructs were administered via an online survey to N = 265 participants from the general population. Results: Exploratory ( n = 133) and confirmatory ( n = 132) factor analyses yielded two dimensions of the RSSQ: Hampering RSS (RSS-H) and facilitating RSS (RSS-F). Both subscales showed good internal consistency (α = .81–.89). Correlations with body awareness, emotion regulation skills, and beliefs about stress indicated medium to high convergent and discriminant validity. The RSS-H and RSS-F scores significantly predicted maladaptive and adaptive coping behavior, respectively. This association remained stable after controlling for subjective stress and related measures. Limitations: Generalization of the obtained results is limited to healthy individuals. Conclusion: The study supports the theoretical assumptions underlying the RSS concept. The RSSQ suggests a promising way to assess reactions to somatic stress as they relate to coping with stress. The RSSQ could be used for clinical and health psychological testing or interdisciplinary research.
Uncertainty in Projected Changes in Precipitation Minus Evaporation: Dominant Role of Dynamic Circulation Changes and Weak Role for Thermodynamic Changes
Authors: Elbaum Eilat , Garfinkel Chaim I. , Adam Ori , Morin Efrat , Rostkier‐Edelstein Dorita , Dayan Uri 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEnd of century projections from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) models show a decrease in precipitation over subtropical oceans that often extends into surrounding land areas, but with substantial intermodel spread. Changes in precipitation are controlled by both thermodynamical and dynamical processes, though the importance of these processes for regional scales and for intermodel spread is not well understood. The contribution of dynamic and thermodynamic processes to the model spread in regional precipitation minus evaporation (P − E) is computed for 48 CMIP models. The intermodel spread is dominated essentially everywhere by the change of the dynamic term, including in most regions where thermodynamic changes drive the multi‐model mean response. The dominant role of dynamic changes is insensitive to zonal averaging which removes any influence of stationary wave changes, and is also evident in subtropical oceanic regions. Relatedly, intermodel spread in P − E is generally unrelated to climate sensitivity.
Opposite Effects of Mineral Dust Nonsphericity and Size on Dust‐Induced Snow Albedo Reduction
Authors: Shi Tenglong , He Cenlin , Zhang Daizhou , Zhang Xuelei , Niu Xiaoying , Xing Yuxuan , Chen Yang , Cui Jiecan , Pu Wei , Wang Xin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe quantified the combined effects of mineral dust nonsphericity and size on snow albedo reduction using the MOPSMAP (Modeled optical properties of ensembles of aerosol particles) package and SAMDS (Spectral Albedo Model for Dirty Snow) with the consideration of dust from Sahara, Greenland, San Juan Mountains, and Tibetan Plateau. Results indicate that the dust‐induced albedo reduction decreases by up to 30% as the effective radii of dust particles increase in 1–5 μm. Nonspherical dust enhances snow albedo reduction relative to spherical dust by up to 20%. Stronger enhancements are obtained for higher dust concentration and larger dust size. Furthermore, the dust nonsphericity‐induced enhancement of snow albedo reduction is more pronounced for more‐absorptive dust. Finally, we develop a new parameterization for quantifying the dependence of snow albedo reduction on dust nonsphericity and size, and provide a convenient way for assessing the climate impacts of dust in snow.
An Intrathermocline Eddy Observed in the Northeastern Bay of Bengal
Authors: Zhou Xiwu , Qiu Yun , Lin Xinyu , Teng Hui , Aung Cherry 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAn intrathermocline eddy (ITE) was detected to the northwest of Preparis Channel by in situ measurements in January 2018. The ITE had a horizontal extent of approximately 200 km and a maximum velocity of approximately 60 cm/s at core depths between 75 and 130 m. This ITE was generated by the transformation from a preexisting surface‐intensified anticyclonic eddy (SAE). The blocking of the northeast monsoon by the Arakan Yoma Mountains resulted in a weak wind stress on the leeward side of the mountains. This caused positive Ekman pumping around Preparis Channel together with eddy wind‐driven upwelling, shoaling the upper thermocline in the SAE, and thus turning it into an ITE. Among the 71 anticyclonic eddies detected by Argo profiles around Preparis Channel from 2003 to 2018, approximately 60% were ITEs, indicating that Preparis Channel could be the main source for ITE generation in Bay of Bengal.
PTBP2 – a gene with relevance for both Anorexia nervosa and body weight regulation
Authors: Zheng Yiran , Rajcsanyi Luisa Sophie , Herpertz-Dahlmann Beate , Seitz Jochen , de Zwaan Martina , Herzog Wolfgang , Ehrlich Stefan , Zipfel Stephan , Giel Katrin , Egberts Karin , Burghardt Roland , Föcker Manuel , Al-Lahham Saad , Peters Triinu , Libuda Lars , Antel Jochen , Hebebrand Johannes , Hinney Anke 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGenetic factors are relevant for both eating disorders and body weight regulation. A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) for anorexia nervosa (AN) detected eight genome-wide significant chromosomal loci. One of these loci, rs10747478, was also genome-wide and significantly associated with body mass index (BMI). The nearest coding gene is the Polypyrimidine Tract Binding Protein 2 gene (PTBP2). To detect mutations in PTBP2, Sanger sequencing of the coding region was performed in 192 female patients with AN (acute or recovered) and 191 children or adolescents with (extreme) obesity. Twenty-five variants were identified. Twenty-three of these were predicted to be pathogenic or functionally relevant in at least one in silico tool. Two novel synonymous variants (p.Ala77Ala and p.Asp195Asp), one intronic SNP (rs188987764), and the intronic deletion (rs561340981) located in the highly conserved region of PTBP2 may have functional consequences. Ten of 20 genes interacting with PTBP2 were studied for their impact on body weight regulation based on either previous functional studies or GWAS hits for body weight or BMI. In a GWAS for BMI (Pulit et al. 2018), the number of genome-wide significant associations at the PTBP2 locus was different between males (60 variants) and females (two variants, one of these also significant in males). More than 65% of these 61 variants showed differences in the effect size pertaining to BMI between sexes (absolute value of Z-score >2, two-sided p < 0.05). One LD block overlapping 5′UTR and all coding regions of PTBP2 comprises 56 significant variants in males. The analysis based on sex-stratified BMI GWAS summary statistics implies that PTBP2 may have a more pronounced effect on body weight regulation in males than in females.
Activation of CD44 signaling in leader cells induced by tumor-associated macrophages drives collective detachment in luminal breast carcinomas
Authors: Gao Feng , Zhang Guoliang , Liu Yiwen , He Yiqing , Sheng Yumeng , Sun Xiaodan , Du Yan , Yang Cuixia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCollective detachment of cancer cells at the invading front could generate efficient metastatic spread. However, how cancer cell clusters shed from the leading front remains unknown. We previously reported that the dynamic expression of CD44 in breast cancers (BrCas) at collectively invading edges was associated with tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). In this study, we first observed that the highly expressed CD44 (CD44high) cancer cell clusters were located in the BrCa circulating vessels, accompanied by CD206+ TAMs. Next, we identified that the cancer cell clusters can be converted to an invasive CD44high state which was induced by TAMs, thus giving rise to CD44-associated signaling mediated cohesive detachment. Then, we showed that disrupting CD44-signaling inhibited the TAMs triggered cohesive detaching using 3D organotypic culture and mouse models. Furthermore, our mechanistic study showed that the acquisition of CD44high state was mediated by the MDM2/p53 pathway activation which was induced by CCL8 released from TAMs. Blocking of CCL8 could inhibit the signaling cascade which decreased the CD44-mediated cohesive detachment and spread. Our findings uncover a novel mechanism underlying collective metastasis in BrCas that may be helpful to seek for potential targets.
Watching right and wrong nucleotide insertion captures hidden polymerase fidelity checkpoints
Authors: Jamsen Joonas A. , Shock David D. , Wilson Samuel H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEfficient and accurate DNA synthesis is enabled by DNA polymerase fidelity checkpoints that promote insertion of the right instead of wrong nucleotide. Erroneous X-family polymerase (pol) λ nucleotide insertion leads to genomic instability in double strand break and base-excision repair. Here, time-lapse crystallography captures intermediate catalytic states of pol λ undergoing right and wrong natural nucleotide insertion. The revealed nucleotide sensing mechanism responds to base pair geometry through active site deformation to regulate global polymerase-substrate complex alignment in support of distinct optimal (right) or suboptimal (wrong) reaction pathways. An induced fit during wrong but not right insertion, and associated metal, substrate, side chain and pyrophosphate reaction dynamics modulated nucleotide insertion. A third active site metal hastened right but not wrong insertion and was not essential for DNA synthesis. The previously hidden fidelity checkpoints uncovered reveal fundamental strategies of polymerase DNA repair synthesis in genomic instability.