bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrative Learning and Simulating Revolution and Protest in the Middle East
Authors: Mello Brian , Stein Mark 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis essay explores insights from our experiences teaching undergraduates a set of paired history and political science courses on protest and revolution in the Middle East. Working in groups, students developed simulations of key moments of revolution or protest explored during the courses. The simulation assignment was designed to engage students in an active learning setting and as a shared assignment across both courses. The most interesting result of this project, from the teaching perspective, was its unanticipated ability to expose students to the contingency and emotion that scholarship has recently emphasized as critical to understanding social movements, but which so often falls out of the study of history and political science analyses of protest and revolution. In this paper we explore the simulation assignment, how student groups designed the simulations with limited guidance from instructors, how students took on the assigned roles by engaging deeply with the histories of the events, and how the engagement in the simulations complicated the analyses that formed the bedrock of our course readings. In our analysis we draw on two iterations of the paired courses and use both student qualitative assessments of the course and student reflections on the simulations that were included in group papers.
Quantifying the shrinkage of laryngeal laser excisions: a case control study
Authors: Halliday E , George A 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveHeat from transoral laser microsurgery can cause tissue shrinkage, impacting the surgical margin. This study aimed to compare shrinkage between cold steel and carbon dioxide laser resections of laryngeal lesions.MethodsA European Laryngological Society type II resection was performed on 10 mm ‘lesions’ marked on both the true and false folds of fresh-frozen human larynxes; specifically, laser resection was performed on the right side and cold steel resection on the left side.ResultsTwenty-eight larynxes were included. Tissue shrinkage was significantly higher in laser resection (35–45 per cent) compared to cold steel resection (8–14 per cent) (p < 0.0001). In most cases, there was no significant difference in shrinkage between true and false fold sites.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that specimen shrinkage is significantly higher in laser resections. This shrinkage will affect the size of the surgical margin; surgeons and pathologists should be aware of this when considering positive and close margins.
A meeting of the minds: Broadening horizons in the study of linguistic discrimination and social justice through sociolinguistic and psycholinguistic approaches
Authors: Weissler Rachel Elizabeth 
Published: March 2022

Abstract 1Understanding social justice as it relates to linguistic discrimination and identity requires consideration of both production and perception. As linguists and cognitive psychologists become more attuned to talking about social justice, the need to discuss linguistic human behaviors through a sociocognitive lens becomes more pertinent than ever. This article offers a sociocognitive approach to linguistic analysis as a means to combat linguistic discrimination in the pursuit of social justice. Having negative ideologies about a particular group of people, especially a minoritized group, influences linguistic prediction and perceptions. Together, sociolinguistic and psychological methodologies are necessary to navigate a world in which people use linguistic knowledge to make decisions and predictions about their interlocutors. I use sociocognitive approaches as vehicles for social justice, centering African American English and Anti-Black Racism. The limited existing sociocognitive linguistic research indicates that listeners may modulate their linguistic expectations during cognitive processing based on speaker identity and stereotypes of speakers. As linguistic discrimination is ever-present in U.S. society, in addition to describing sociocognitive solutions, this article also represents a call to action for researchers to empirically test ideological claims about linguistic varieties that are passively accepted, strengthen replicability, and broaden approaches to the study of minoritized varieties more generally. Hopefully, this article will inspire linguistics researchers to consider all factors, cognitive and social, related to linguistic perception, further contributing to a greater understanding of how to combat linguistic discrimination from a multidimensional frame.
Simulation of COVID-19 spread through family feast gatherings in a complex network
Authors: Guo Zuiyuan , Gong Lili , Xiao Guangquan , Wang Yayu , Xu Zhiwei , Xiao Dan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Family feasting during the Spring Festival is a Chinese tradition. However, close contact during this period is likely to promote the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study developed a dynamic infectious disease model in which the feast gatherings of families were considered the sole mode of transmission. The model simulates COVID-19 transmission via family feast gatherings through a social contact network. First, a kinship-based, virtual social contact network was constructed, with nodes representing families and connections representing kinships. Families in kinship with each other comprised of the largest globally coupled network, also known as a clique, in which a feast gathering was generated by randomly selecting two or more families willing to gather. The social contact network in the model comprised of 215 cliques formed among 608 families with 1517 family members. The modelling results indicated that when there is only one patient on day 0, the number of new infections will reach a peak on day 29, and almost all families and their members in the social contact network will be infected by day 60. This study demonstrated that COVID-19 can spread rapidly through continuous feast gatherings through social contact networks and that the disease will run rampant throughout the network.
Surveillance of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness: a real-time case–control study in southern Sweden
Authors: Björk Jonas , Bonander Carl , Moghaddassi Mahnaz , Rasmussen Magnus , Malmqvist Ulf , Kahn Fredrik , Inghammar Malin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The extensive register infrastructure available for coronavirus disease 2019 surveillance in Scania county, Sweden, makes it possible to classify individual cases with respect to hospitalisation and disease severity, stratify on time since last dose and demographic factors, account for prior infection and extract data for population controls automatically. In the present study, we developed a case–control sampling design to surveil vaccine effectiveness (VE) in this ethnically and socioeconomically diverse population with more than 1.3 million inhabitants. The first surveillance results show that estimated VE against hospitalisation and severe disease 0–3 months after the last dose remained stable during the study period, but waned markedly 6 months after the last dose in persons aged 65 years or over.
Development of the Blood–Brain Barrier in Ducks
Authors: Yang Sheng , Wu Jingxian , Shi Yonghong , Huang Yufei , Zhang Yafei , Chen Qiusheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an important internal barrier. Herein, the electron microscope examination of duck BBB was performed during the brain development. Meanwhile, the genes/proteins of tight junctions (TJs) including zonula occludens-1, occludin, and claudin-5 in the duck brain were detected by Q-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The results showed the density of capillaries in the brain gradually increased during the embryonic period. The generation of the BBB and the specialization of its components occurred mainly in the embryonic stage. During this period, the endothelial cells (ECs) became thinner and pinocytic vesicles decreased; the TJs between EC membranes became longer and more electron-dense; the basement membrane surrounding ECs and pericytes gradually thickened; and the astrocyte foot processes appeared to wrap around the vessels. By the day of hatching (P1), the whole set of duck BBB structures was completely assembled and gradually improved in the subsequent growth process. Interestingly, compared with the cerebrum and cerebellum, the maturity level of the midbrain BBB was earlier seen during the embryonic stage. The expression of TJs increased during the embryonic period and remained stable by post-hatching. The study systematically investigated the histochemical and ultrastructural features of duck BBB during development and explored the corresponding relationship between structure and function.
Income, workload, and any other factors associated with anticipated retention of rural doctors?
Authors: Yan Wenjun , Sun Guixiang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective:
The turnover of rural doctors, including doctors who leave clinical practice in rural areas, may disrupt the continuity of care. Though strategies had been formulated to address the problems associated with low retention rates, they proved to be unrewarding. This study aimed to investigate how we could anticipate the loss of rural doctors to facilitate their retention in advance.

Design:
We conducted a cross-sectional survey and collected data from rural doctors in Jiangsu Province.

Setting:
Research on the employment status of target admission graduates in Jiangsu.

Participants:
Multi-stage stratified sampling methods were employed to select the respondents in this study. We selected 722 rural physicians, who represented all the rural physicians from Northern, Central, and Southern Jiangsu.

Measures:
Factors affecting anticipated rural retention (odds ratios (OR)).

Results:
The anticipated rural retention rate was 72.8% for the 722 respondents from Jiangsu province. Economically developed work areas (ORCentral JS = 0.501, ORSouthern JS = 0.475), a higher monthly income (OR 3000∼ = 0.584, OR6000∼ = 0.255), and an advanced rank among counterparts (OR = 0.507) were protective factors for anticipated rural retention. Risk factors involved the monthly expenditure, mainly for socialization with others (OR = 1.856), working hours of more than 50 hours/week (OR = 2.076), assignment of outpatient work (OR = 1.991), and filing work (OR = 1.544) as the main tasks on a daily basis.

Conclusion:
A combination of strategies, including the strengthening of economic incentive as well as the ability to deal with a heavy workload, could increase the recruitment and retention rate in Jiangsu Province.
The Diel Cycle of Surface Ocean Elemental Stoichiometry has Implications for Ocean Productivity
Authors: Garcia Nathan S. , Talmy David , Fu Wei‐Wei , Larkin Alyse A. , Lee Jenna , Martiny Adam C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEnvironmentally driven variability in the elemental stoichiometry of ocean plankton plays a key role in ocean biogeochemical processes. Recent studies have identified clear regional variability in C:N:P, but less is known about the environmental regulation of diel variability in plankton elemental stoichiometry. Here, we quantified the amplitude of the diel variability in C:N of surface ocean particles (<30 μm, C:Namp) across large latitudinal gradients in the Indian and Atlantic Oceans. We commonly observed diel oscillations in C:N and biome‐specific variability in C:Namp. Temperature emerged as the strongest predictor of C:Namp, relative to the supply of nitrate. We propose that C:Namp is positively related to photosynthesis and respiration and thus phytoplankton growth rates. We find that independent growth rate proxies and an ecosystem model support this hypothesis. In addition, the temperature sensitivity of C:Namp has a Q10 of 1.78 corroborating studies of phytoplankton growth rates. Surface communities across the Indian Ocean transect had a very small dependency on nitrate, whereas recycled nitrogen sources were by far the most preferred and the ratio of recycled‐N:nitrate utilization increased with increasing C:Namp. To predict future changes in C:Namp, we combined our statistical model with data from the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project for the years 1990 and 2090. The results suggest that future rising temperatures will yield increased C:Namp. Collectively, our results imply that rising surface ocean temperatures lead to elevated phytoplankton growth rates supported by recycled nutrients.
Successive Dipolarization Fronts With a Stepwise Electron Acceleration During a Substorm in Saturn's Magnetotail
Authors: Xu S. B. , Huang S. Y. , Yuan Z. G. , Jiang K. , Wei Y. Y. , Zhang J. , Zhang Z. H. , Xiong Q. Y. , Lin R. T. , Yu L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSubstorms are a fundamental phenomenon in planetary magnetospheric systems. Using Cassini measurements, we report a typical event in which four successive dipolarization fronts (DFs) were observed within 1 hour during the substorm in Saturn's magnetotail. The last three DFs caused a type of stepwise electron acceleration and generated energetic electrons. The pitch angle distributions of the electrons show evidence of the Fermi acceleration mechanism behind these DFs. Therefore, we infer the magnetotail dynamics process during Saturn's substorm: The stepwise acceleration by successive DFs powerfully accelerates the field‐aligned electrons and generates field‐aligned energetic electrons. These high‐energy electrons are injected into the inner magnetosphere and become an important trigger of Saturn's aurora. Our results show an efficient acceleration mechanism for the electrons caused by successive DFs and confirm an important source of energetic particles during the substorm in Saturn, and these findings improve our understanding of Saturn's substorm and magnetotail dynamics.
Distinct Lithospheric Structures of the Ordos Block and Its Margins From P and S Receiver Functions and Its Implications for the Cenozoic Lithospheric Reworking
Authors: Zhang Chen , Guo Zhen , Yu Yong , Yang Ting , Chen Yongshun John 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe obtained the crustal and lithospheric structures across the Ordos block in the western North China Craton, using P and S receiver functions (RFs) based on teleseismic data of a dense N‐S seismic array. Migrated images for P and S RFs show distinct lithospheric features of the Ordos block and its margins: a thick, cratonic lithosphere is present beneath the Ordos block, whereas the lithosphere is significantly thin at its surrounding rift systems. More importantly the Ordos lithosphere is severely modified by the mantle upwelling at the northern margin but has little modification by the eastward lateral asthenospheric flow at the southern margin. Finally, the dramatically thin lithosphere observed across the southern margin of the Ordos block supports the existence of a significant pathway for eastward asthenospheric flow from the northeastern Tibetan Plateau beneath the Weihe rift and Qinling orogen.
Streamflow Response to Wildfire Differs With Season and Elevation in Adjacent Headwaters of the Lower Colorado River Basin
Authors: Biederman Joel A. , Robles Marcos D. , Scott Russell L. , Knowles John F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFires increasingly impact forested watersheds, with uncertain water resources impacts. While research has revealed higher peak flows, longer‐term yields may increase or decrease following fire, and the mechanisms regulating post‐fire streamflow are little explored. Hydrologic response to disturbance is poorly understood in the Lower Colorado River Basin (LCRB), where snowmelt often occurs before the growing season. Here, we quantify annual streamflow changes following what have been, before 2020, two of the largest wildfires in the modern history of the contiguous United States. We evaluate nine nested watersheds with >50 years records within the Salt River Basin to evaluate fire impact over ranges of elevation, climate, vegetation, burned area, and spatial scale. We employ double‐mass comparison of paired watersheds, pre‐ and post‐fire runoff ratio comparison, multiple linear regression of climate and fire, and time‐trend analysis. Precipitation and streamflow are decoupled during dry periods; therefore we conduct separate change detection for wet and dry periods. Post‐fire summer streamflow increased by 24%–38% at all elevations. While winter/spring streamflow remained constant in the highest, coldest headwaters, winter flows declined in lower‐elevation headwaters. As a result, basin annual streamflow declined. These results support emerging understanding that warm semiarid watersheds respond differently to disturbance than well‐studied, colder watersheds. Asynchrony between winter snowmelt and summer evaporative demand is likely important when considering long‐term impacts of forest management and disturbance on water supply in the LCRB.
SpaceX—Sailing Close to the Space Weather?
Authors: Hapgood Mike , Liu Huixin , Lugaz Noé 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe 3 February 2022 launch of 49 of SpaceX's Starlink satellites has provided a fascinating example of how even modest space weather can have significant practical and financial consequences. Enhanced atmospheric drag associated with a minor geomagnetic storm led to the loss of the majority of the 49 launched satellites. Although the 36th launch by SpaceX in the past 3 years, it was the first that experienced stormy space weather. We expect more stormy space weather as Solar Cycle 25 ramps up toward its peak expected in 2025. A subsequent Starlink launch on 21 February used a higher initial orbit at 300 km, reducing the payload from 49 to 46 satellites, and can be considered an agile response to the space weather losses experienced 2 weeks earlier. Lessons to be learned by the space industry and the space weather community are discussed, including a better dialog, nuanced understanding of space weather risks associated with modest events, but also an opportunity to investigate the space environment in relatively unexplored regions such as very low and high low Earth orbits.
EIF4A3-mediated circPRKCI expression promotes triple-negative breast cancer progression by regulating WBP2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Xuehui , Song Hongming , Fang Lin , Wu Tianqi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is known as a highly aggressive subtype of BC due to high rate of recurrence and metastasis, poor prognosis and lacking of effective targeted therapies. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to participate in the progression of TNBC. In this study, we demonstrated that circPRKCI, derived from the PRKCI gene, was elevated in BC tissues and cell lines, especially in TNBC. The functional investigation showed that circPRKCI could significantly promote the proliferation and migration of TNBC in vivo and in vitro. In addition, circPRKCI regulated WBP2 and the phosphorylation of AKT via serving as miR-545-3p sponge. Of note, EIF4A3 could induce circPRKCI expression and nuclear export in TNBC cells. Taken together, EIF4A3-mediated circPRKCI could promote TNBC progression by regulating WBP2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, providing a new avenue of therapy for TNBC.
Electro-optic characterization of synthesized infrared-visible light fields
Authors: Ridente Enrico , Mamaikin Mikhail , Altwaijry Najd , Zimin Dmitry , Kling Matthias F. , Pervak Vladimir , Weidman Matthew , Krausz Ferenc , Karpowicz Nicholas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe measurement and control of light field oscillations enable the study of ultrafast phenomena on sub-cycle time scales. Electro-optic sampling (EOS) is a powerful field characterization approach, in terms of both sensitivity and dynamic range, but it has not reached beyond infrared frequencies. Here, we show the synthesis of a sub-cycle infrared-visible pulse and subsequent complete electric field characterization using EOS. The sampled bandwidth spans from 700 nm to 2700 nm (428 to 110 THz). Tailored electric-field waveforms are generated with a two-channel field synthesizer in the infrared-visible range, with a full-width at half-maximum duration as short as 3.8 fs at a central wavelength of 1.7 µm (176 THz). EOS detection of the complete bandwidth of these waveforms extends it into the visible spectral range. To demonstrate the power of our approach, we use the sub-cycle transients to inject carriers in a thin quartz sample for nonlinear photoconductive field sampling with sub-femtosecond resolution.
Radio-transparent dipole antenna based on a metasurface cloak
Authors: Soric Jason , Ra’di Younes , Farfan Diego , Alù Andrea 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAntenna technology is at the basis of ubiquitous wireless communication systems and sensors. Radiation is typically sustained by conduction currents flowing around resonant metallic objects that are optimized to enhance efficiency and bandwidth. However, resonant conductors are prone to large scattering of impinging waves, leading to challenges in crowded antenna environments due to blockage and distortion. Metasurface cloaks have been explored in the quest of addressing this challenge by reducing antenna scattering. However, metasurface-based designs have so far shown limited performance in terms of bandwidth, footprint and overall scattering reduction. Here we introduce a different route towards radio-transparent antennas, in which the cloak itself acts as the radiating element, drastically reducing the overall footprint while enhancing scattering suppression and bandwidth, without sacrificing other relevant radiation metrics compared to conventional antennas. This technique opens opportunities for cloaking technology, with promising features for crowded wireless communication platforms and noninvasive sensing.
Use of analgesics/antipyretics in the management of symptoms associated with COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Ooi Eng Eong , Dhar Arti , Petruschke Richard , Locht Camille , Buchy Philippe , Low Jenny Guek Hong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCOVID-19 vaccines are effective and important to control the ongoing pandemic, but vaccine reactogenicity may contribute to poor uptake. Analgesics or antipyretic medications are often used to alleviate vaccine side effects, but their effect on immunogenicity remains uncertain. Few studies have assessed the effect of analgesics/antipyretics on vaccine immunogenicity and reactogenicity. Some studies revealed changes in certain immune response parameters post-vaccination when analgesics/antipyretics were used either prophylactically or therapeutically. Still, there is no evidence that these changes impact vaccine efficacy. Specific data on the impact of analgesic/antipyretic medications on immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines are limited. However, available data from clinical trials of licensed vaccines, along with recommendations from public health bodies around the world, should provide reassurance to both healthcare professionals and vaccine recipients that short-term use of analgesics/antipyretics at non-prescription doses is unlikely to affect vaccine-induced immunity.