bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Headache, anosmia, ageusia and other neurological symptoms in COVID-19: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sampaio Rocha-Filho Pedro Augusto , Albuquerque Pedro Mota , Carvalho Larissa Clementino Leite Sá , Dandara Pereira Gama Mylana , Magalhães João Eudes 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Neurological symptoms are frequent among patients with COVID-19. Little is known regarding the repercussions of neurological symptoms for patients and how these symptoms are related to one another.

Objectives
To determine whether there is an association between the neurological symptoms in patients with COVID-19, and to characterize the headache.

Method
This was a cross-sectional study. All hospital inpatients and health workers at the Hospital Universitario Oswaldo Cruz with a PCR-confirmed COVID-19 infection between March and June 2020 were considered for the study and were interviewed by telephone at least 2-months after the acute phase of the disease. These patients were identified by the hospital epidemiological surveillance department. A semi-structured questionnaire was used containing sociodemographic and clinical data and the ID-Migraine.

Results
A total of 288 patients was interviewed; 53.1% were male; with a median age of 49.9 (41.5–60.5) years; 91.7% presented some neurological symptom; 22.2% reported some neurological symptom as the symptom that troubled them most during COVID-19. Neurological symptoms were: ageusia (69.8%), headache (69.1%), anosmia (67%), myalgia (44.4%), drowsiness (37.2%), agitation (20.8%); mental confusion (14.9%), syncope (4.9%) and epileptic seizures (2.8%). Females, those who presented with fever, sore throat, anosmia/ageusia and myalgia also presented significantly more with headache (logistic regression). The most frequent headache phenotype was a non-migraine phenotype, was of severe intensity and differed from previous headaches. This persisted for more than 30 days in 18% and for more than 90 days in 10% of patients. Thirteen percent of those with anosmia and 11% with ageusia continued with these complaints after more than 90 days of the acute phase of the disease. Aged over 50 years, agitation and epileptic seizures were significantly associated with mental confusion (logistic regression).

Conclusion
Headache is frequent in COVID-19, is associated with other symptoms such as fever, sore throat, anosmia, ageusia, and myalgia, and may persist beyond the acute phase of the disease.
The functions and roles of sestrins in regulating human diseases
Authors: Chen Yitong , Huang Tingben , Yu Zhou , Yu Qiong , Wang Ying , Hu Ji’an , Shi Jiejun , Yang Guoli 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSestrins (Sesns), highly conserved stress-inducible metabolic proteins, are known to protect organisms against various noxious stimuli including DNA damage, oxidative stress, starvation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and hypoxia. Sesns regulate metabolism mainly through activation of the key energy sensor AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Sesns also play pivotal roles in autophagy activation and apoptosis inhibition in normal cells, while conversely promoting apoptosis in cancer cells. The functions of Sesns in diseases such as metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer have been broadly investigated in the past decades. However, there is a limited number of reviews that have summarized the functions of Sesns in the pathophysiological processes of human diseases, especially musculoskeletal system diseases. One aim of this review is to discuss the biological functions of Sesns in the pathophysiological process and phenotype of diseases. More significantly, we include some new evidence about the musculoskeletal system. Another purpose is to explore whether Sesns could be potential biomarkers or targets in the future diagnostic and therapeutic process.
Effect of a Rubidium Chloride Carrier Confinement Layer on the Characteristics of CsPbBr3 Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes
Authors: Li Chi-Ta , Lee Kuan-Lin , Wang Sea-Fue , Chen Lung-Chien 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis work describes the effect of a rubidium chloride (RbCl) interlayer in CsPbBr3 perovskite light-emitting diode (LED) structures. RbCl crystallites exhibited polyhedral structures and lattice parameters similar to those of CsPbBr3 perovskite crystallites. The lattice mismatch between the RbCl interlayer and CsPbBr3 active layer was only approximately 2%. The devices exhibited the best quality and performance when RbCl was used as the nucleation and carrier confinement layer. The crystallite sizes of CsPbBr3 with 0.2-, 0.5-, and 1-nm-thick RbCl bottom layers were 55.1, 65.4, and 55.1 nm, respectively. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the photoluminescence (PL) emission peak for CsPbBr3 with the RbCl bottom layer was 0.096 eV.
Use of Recycling-Reflection Color-Purity Enhancement Film to Improve Color Purity of Full-Color Micro-LEDs
Authors: Ye Zhi Ting , Wu Jun-Yi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A common full-color method involves combining micro-light-emitting diodes (LEDs) chips with color conversion materials such as quantum dots (QDs) to achieve full color. However, during color conversion between micro-LEDs and QDs, QDs cannot completely absorb incident wavelengths cause the emission wavelengths that including incident wavelengths and converted wavelength through QDs, which compromises color purity. The present paper proposes the use of a recycling-reflection color-purity-enhancement film (RCPEF) to reflect the incident wavelength multiple times and, consequently, prevent wavelength mixing after QDs conversion. This RCPEF only allows the light of a specific wavelength to pass through it, exciting blue light is reflected back to the red and green QDs layer. The prototype experiment indicated that with an excitation light source wavelength of 445.5 nm, the use of green QDs and RCPEFs increased color purity from 77.2% to 97.49% and light conversion efficiency by 1.97 times and the use of red QDs and RCPEFs increased color purity to 94.68% and light conversion efficiency by 1.46 times. Thus, high efficiency and color purity were achieved for micro-LEDs displays.

Graphical Abstract
High genetic heterogeneity of Mycobacterium intracellulare isolated from respiratory specimens
Authors: Lari Nicoletta , Rindi Laura 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
M. intracellulare is a frequent causative pathogen of nontuberculous mycobacteria infection that causes infections in the respiratory tract, whose incidence is increasing in many countries. This study aimed at determining the VNTR-based genetic diversity of a collection of 39 M. intracellulare human strains isolated from respiratory specimens over the last 5 years.

Results
The VNTR analysis showed that M. intracellulare strains displayed a high genetic diversity, indicating that the M. intracellulare genotypes are quite heterogeneous in our geographical area. Moreover, a comparison with VNTR profiles of strains from other countries confirmed that genotypes of clinical strains of M. intracellulare are not related to geographical origin.

Conclusions
VNTR typing has proved to be a highly discriminatory method for better understanding the molecular epidemiology of M. intracellulare.
Analysis of risk factors and preventive strategies for intracranial infection after neuroendoscopic transnasal pituitary adenoma resection
Authors: Huang Xin , Zhang Xuejun , Zhou Jian , Li Gang , Zheng Gang , Peng Lei , Yan Ziwei , Chen Shaojun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective
To analyse the risk factors for intracranial infection after neuroendoscopic transnasal pituitary adenoma resection (NTPAR) to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of postoperative intracranial infection.

Methods
The clinical data of 387 patients who underwent NTPAR in the Department of Neurosurgery of the First People’s Hospital of Yichang from March 2013 to March 2021 were retrospectively analysed. The patients were divided into an infected group and a noninfected group according to the occurrence of intracranial infection. The detailed clinical data of the two groups were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyse the risk factors for intracranial infection after NTPAR.

Results
Among the 387 surgical patients, 32 patients (8.27%) were in the intracranially infected group and 355 patients (91.73%) were in the noninfected group. The results of the univariate analysis suggested that age > 45 years, tumour size > 1 cm, operation time > 240 min, blood loss > 400 ml, Kelly Grade of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage > Grade 2, postoperative CSF leakage, lumbar cistern drainage and blood transfusion were the influencing factors for postoperative intracranial infection, while the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis implied that intraoperative CSF leakage (Kelly Grade > 2) and postoperative CSF leakage were independent influencing factors for intracranial infection after NTPAR, and perioperative use of antibiotics was an independent protective factor for postoperative intracranial infection.

Conclusions
There are a variety of risk factors for intracranial infection after NTPAR, which indicates that it is necessary to develop different repair strategies for CSF leakage according to the Kelly Grade, timely treatment of postoperative CSF leakage and perioperative use of antibiotics. These measures have been shown to effectively reduce the probability of intracranial infection after NTPAR.
Poly-γ-glutamic acid enhanced the drought resistance of maize by improving photosynthesis and affecting the rhizosphere microbial community
Authors: Ma Haizhen , Li Panpan , Liu Xingwang , Li Can , Zhang Shengkui , Wang Xiaohan , Tao Xia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Compared with other abiotic stresses, drought stress causes serious crop yield reductions. Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA), as an environmentally friendly biomacromolecule, plays an important role in plant growth and regulation.

Results
In this project, the effect of exogenous application of γ-PGA on drought tolerance of maize (Zea mays. L) and its mechanism were studied. Drought dramatically inhibited the growth and development of maize, but the exogenous application of γ-PGA significantly increased the dry weight of maize, the contents of ABA, soluble sugar, proline, and chlorophyll, and the photosynthetic rate under severe drought stress. RNA-seq data showed that γ-PGA may enhance drought resistance in maize by affecting the expression of ABA biosynthesis, signal transduction, and photosynthesis-related genes and other stress-responsive genes, which was also confirmed by RT–PCR and promoter motif analysis. In addition, diversity and structure analysis of the rhizosphere soil bacterial community demonstrated that γ-PGA enriched plant growth promoting bacteria such as Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Alphaproteobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria. Moreover, γ-PGA significantly improved root development, urease activity and the ABA contents of maize rhizospheric soil under drought stress. This study emphasized the possibility of using γ-PGA to improve crop drought resistance and the soil environment under drought conditions and revealed its preliminary mechanism.

Conclusions
Exogenous application of poly-γ-glutamic acid could significantly enhance the drought resistance of maize by improving photosynthesis, and root development and affecting the rhizosphere microbial community.
Effect of general anesthesia with thoracic paravertebral block on postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy: a randomized-controlled trial
Authors: Wei Wei , Zheng Xi , Gu Yu , Fu Wenting , Tang Chunlin , Yao Yonghua 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Postoperative delirium (POD) is characterized by acute brain dysfunction, especially in elderly patients. Postoperative pain is an important factor in the development of delirium, and effective pain management can reduce the risk of POD. Thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) can effectively relieve postoperative pain and inhibit the perioperative stress and inflammatory response. We investigated whether the combination of TPVB with general anesthesia reduced the occurrence of POD following thoracoscopic lobectomy.

Methods
A total of 338 elderly patients, aged 65–80 years, who underwent elective surgery for video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy (VATS) were randomly assigned to either a patient-controlled intravenous analgesia group (PIA) or a patient-controlled paravertebral-block analgesia group (PBA). POD was evaluated using the 3-min diagnostic confusion assessment method (3D-CAM). The postoperative quality of recovery (QoR) was assessed with Chinese version of QoR-40 scale. Pain intensity was measured using the visual analog scale (VAS) score. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and neurofilament light (NFL) levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits.

Results
Delirium occurred in 47 (28%) of 168 cases in the PIA group and 28 (16.5%) of 170 cases in the PBA group (RR 1.7, p = 0.03). PBA was also associated with a higher rate of overall recovery quality at day 7 after surgery (27.1% vs. 17.3%, P = 0.013) compared with PIA. The incremental change in surgery-induced TNF-α and NFL was greater in the PIA group than PBA group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Thoracic paravertebral block analgesia is associated with lower incidence of postoperative delirium, probably due to its anti-neuroinflammatory effects. Furthermore, as a component of multimodal analgesia, TPVB provides not only superior analgesic but also opioid-sparing effects.

Trial registration
The study was registered on the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Center (www.chictr.org.cn; registration number: ChiCTR 2,000,033,238) on 25/05/2018.
Preliminary evaluation of SaCoVLM™ video laryngeal mask airway in airway management for general anesthesia
Authors: Yan Chun-ling , Chen Ying , Sun Pei , Qv Zong-yang , Zuo Ming-zhang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
To preliminary evaluate the application of SaCoVLM™ video laryngeal mask airway in airway management of general anesthesia.

Methods
We recruited 100 adult patients (ages 18–78 years, male 19, female 81, weight 48–90 kg) with normal predicted airway (Mallampati I ~ II, unrestricted mouth opening, normal head and neck mobility) and ASA I-II who required general anaesthesia. The SaCoVLM™ was inserted after anesthesia induction and connected with the anesthesia machine for ventilation. Our primary outcome was glottic visualization grades. Secondary outcomes included seal pressure, success rate of insertion, intraoperative findings (gastric reflux and contraposition), gastric drainage and 24-h complications after operation.

Results
The laryngeal inlet was exposed in all the patients and shown on the video after SaCoVLM™ insertion. The status of glottic visualization was classified: grade 1 in 55 cases, grade 2 in 23 cases, grade 3 in 14 cases and grade 4 in 8 cases. The first-time success rate of SaCoVLM™ insertion was 95% (95% CI = 0.887 to 0.984), and the total success rate was 96% (95% CI = 0.901 to 0.989). The sealing pressure of SaCoVLM™ was 34.1 ± 6.2 cmH2O and the gastric drainage were smooth. Only a small number of patients developed mild complications after SaCoVLM™ was removed (such as blood stains on SaCoVLM™ and sore throat).

Conclusions
The SaCoVLM™ can visualize partial or whole laryngeal inlets during the surgery, with a high success rate, a high sealing pressure and smooth gastroesophageal drainage. SaCoVLM™ could be a promise new effective supraglottic device to airway management during general anesthesia.

Trial registration
ChiCTR,ChiCTR2000028802.Registered 4 January 2020.
Postoperative delirium prediction using machine learning models and preoperative electronic health record data
Authors: Bishara Andrew , Chiu Catherine , Whitlock Elizabeth L. , Douglas Vanja C. , Lee Sei , Butte Atul J. , Leung Jacqueline M. , Donovan Anne L. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Accurate, pragmatic risk stratification for postoperative delirium (POD) is necessary to target preventative resources toward high-risk patients. Machine learning (ML) offers a novel approach to leveraging electronic health record (EHR) data for POD prediction. We sought to develop and internally validate a ML-derived POD risk prediction model using preoperative risk features, and to compare its performance to models developed with traditional logistic regression.

Methods
This was a retrospective analysis of preoperative EHR data from 24,885 adults undergoing a procedure requiring anesthesia care, recovering in the main post-anesthesia care unit, and staying in the hospital at least overnight between December 2016 and December 2019 at either of two hospitals in a tertiary care health system. One hundred fifteen preoperative risk features including demographics, comorbidities, nursing assessments, surgery type, and other preoperative EHR data were used to predict postoperative delirium (POD), defined as any instance of Nursing Delirium Screening Scale ≥2 or positive Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit within the first 7 postoperative days. Two ML models (Neural Network and XGBoost), two traditional logistic regression models (“clinician-guided” and “ML hybrid”), and a previously described delirium risk stratification tool (AWOL-S) were evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC), sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, and positive predictive value. Model calibration was assessed with a calibration curve. Patients with no POD assessments charted or at least 20% of input variables missing were excluded.

Results
POD incidence was 5.3%. The AUC-ROC for Neural Net was 0.841 [95% CI 0. 816–0.863] and for XGBoost was 0.851 [95% CI 0.827–0.874], which was significantly better than the clinician-guided (AUC-ROC 0.763 [0.734–0.793], p < 0.001) and ML hybrid (AUC-ROC 0.824 [0.800–0.849], p < 0.001) regression models and AWOL-S (AUC-ROC 0.762 [95% CI 0.713–0.812], p < 0.001). Neural Net, XGBoost, and ML hybrid models demonstrated excellent calibration, while calibration of the clinician-guided and AWOL-S models was moderate; they tended to overestimate delirium risk in those already at highest risk.

Conclusion
Using pragmatically collected EHR data, two ML models predicted POD in a broad perioperative population with high discrimination. Optimal application of the models would provide automated, real-time delirium risk stratification to improve perioperative management of surgical patients at risk for POD.
Qualitative and quantitative gastric ultrasound assessment in highly skilled regional anesthesiologists
Authors: Tankul Rattanaporn , Halilamien Pathom , Tangwiwat Suwimon , Dejarkom Sukanya , Pangthipampai Pawinee 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Pulmonary aspiration is a major complication in anesthesia, and various studies have shown that gastric sonography can reliably provide valuable information relative to both the qualitative and quantitative aspects of gastric content. This study aimed to determine the accuracy of ultrasound assessment of gastric content compared between two novice anesthesiologist gastric sonographers.

Methods
This prospective cohort study of two anesthesiologists learning to perform qualitative and quantitative ultrasound assessment of gastric content on healthy volunteers was conducted at Siriraj Hospital (Bangkok, Thailand). This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (reg. no. NCT04760106).

Results
Of the 50 enrolled participants, three were excluded due to study protocol violation. Each anesthesiologist performed a qualitative assessment on 47 participants for an overall total of 94 scans. There were 15 males and 32 females (age 42 ± 11.7 years, weight 61.2 ± 13.1 kg, height 160.7 ± 7.3 cm, and BMI 23.6 ± 4.3 kg/m2). The overall success rate for all gastric content categories was approximately 96%. From antral cross-sectional area measurement, as the ingested volume increased, there was a tendency toward increased deviation from the actual ingested volume. Interrater agreement between anesthesiologists was analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). A larger fluid volume was found to be associated with a lower level of agreement between the two anesthesiologists. The ICCs were 0.706 (95% CI: −0.125 to 0.931), 0.669 (95% CI: −0.254 to 0.920), 0.362 (95% CI: −0.498 to 0.807) for the 100 ml, 200 ml, and 300 ml fluid volumes, respectively. The mean duration to perform an ultrasound examination for each gastric content category and for the entire examination did not differ significantly between anesthesiologists (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
Our results indicate that qualitative ultrasound assessment of gastric content is highly accurate and can be easily learned. In contrast, quantification of gastric volume by novice gastric sonographers is more complex and requires more training.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov no. NCT04760106 Date registered on Feb 11, 2021. Prospectively registered.
Phosphoserine phosphatase as a prognostic biomarker in patients with gastric cancer and its potential association with immune cells
Authors: Huang Ma-Yan , Liu Xiao-Yun , Shao Qiong , Zhang Xu , Miao Lei , Wu Xiao-Yan , Xu Yu-Xia , Wang Fang , Wang Hai-Yun , Zeng Liang , Deng Ling 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Because of dismal prognosis in gastric cancer, identifying relevant prognostic factors is necessary. Phosphoserine phosphatase (PSPH) exhibits different expression patterns in many cancers and has been reported to affect the prognosis of patients with cancer. In this study, we examined the prognostic role of metabolic gene PSPH in gastric cancer based on the TCGA dataset and our hospital–based cohort cases.

Methods
We collected and analysed RNA-seq data of Pan-cancer and gastric cancer in the TCGA dataset and PSPH expression data obtained from immunohistochemical analysis of 243 patients with gastric cancer from Sun Yat-sen University cancer center. Further, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox analysis were used to assess the effect of PSPH on prognosis. The ESTIMATE and Cibersort algorithms were used to elucidate the relationship between PSPH and the abundance of immune cells using the TCGA dataset.

Results
We observed that PSPH expression displayed considerably high in gastric cancer and it was significantly associated with inferior prognosis (P = 0.043). Surprisingly, there was a significant relationship between lower immune scores and high expression of PSPH (P < 0.05). Furthermore, patients with a low amount of immune cells exhibited poor prognosis (P = 0.046). The expression of PSPH significantly increased in activated memory CD4 T cells, resting NK cells and M0 macrophages (P = 0.037, < 0.001, and 0.005, respectively).

Conclusions
This study highlighted that PSPH influences the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer, and this is associated with the infiltration of tumour immune cells, indicating that PSPH may be a new immune-related target for treating gastric cancer.