bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AUTHOR’S MODIFICATION OF DIASTASIS SUTURING AND NEOPUS FORMATION
Authors: Pakhomova Regina A. , Babadzhanyan Akop M. , Kochetova Lyudmila V. , Vinnik Yurii S. 
Published: July 2022

The aim of the study is to reduce the incidence of pup necrosis after suturing diastasis of the direct abdominal muscles.
Materials and methods. The study included 34 patients. Abdominal volumes and diastasis levels were assessed. The presence of diastasis of the direct abdominal muscles was confirmed physically and by additional instrumental research methods: data from ultrasound examination of the anterior abdominal wall and electromyography of the direct abdominal muscles. Patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the type of diastasis suturing: 1 the group of diastasis of the right abdominal muscles was sutured in the traditional way, the study included women operated on in 2013–2016, in women 2 the group sutured diastasis of the right abdominal muscles by the author’s method (patent of the Russian Federation 2749475 from 11.06.21). Patients of group 2 were operated on from 2017 to 2022.
Results. In comparison groups, the method of suturing diastasis was approached differently. In the postoperative period, there were significantly different complications. In the distant period, there was no relapse in the groups. Improvement in the functional state of the anterior abdominal wall also occurs noted patients after surgery. A year after the intervention, patients according to the survey: indicate a significantly smaller chronic pain syndrome in the umbilical ring and white line in both comparison groups and an improvement in cosmetic satisfaction of patients increased significantly, but in the second group it was slightly higher.
Conclusion. Application of author’s modification in diastasis suturing and formation of neopoup reduces frequency of navel necrosis and improves cosmetic appearance of the latter.
Droplet Size Distributions from Hollow-Cone Nozzles Coupled with PWM Valves
Authors: Salcedo Ramón , Zhu Heping , Jeon Hongyoung , Ozkan Erdal , Wei Zhiming , Gil Emilio , Campos Javier , Román Carla 
Published: July 2022

HighlightsVolumetric diameters DV0.1, DV0.5, and DV0.9 for PWM-controlled hollow-cone nozzles were investigated.Droplet sizes were influenced greatly by nozzle size, operating pressure, duty cycle, and slightly by PWM valve type.Volume fractions were reported for droplets smaller than 100 µm, between 100 and 300 µm, and greater than 300 µm.Measured droplet sizes were classified as different categories based on the ASABE standard 572.3.Abstract. Integration of variable-rate disc-core nozzles in orchard sprayers is the optimal solution to achieve precision spray applications of agrochemicals; however, little information is available on the droplet size distribution and classification for these hollow-cone nozzles. Investigations were performed for the comprehensive understanding of spray droplet size spectrum discharged from hollow-cone nozzles which were manipulated with pulse width modulation (PWM) valves to produce variable flow rates. Test variables included five disc-core hollow-cone nozzle sizes (D2-DC25, D2-DC45, D4-DC25, D4-DC45, and D5-DC25), two 10-Hz PWM valve designs, five operating pressures (276, 414, 552, 689, and 827 kPa), and 10 duty cycles (DUCs) ranging from 10% to 100% at 10% intervals. Droplet diameters were measured with a laser imaging particle system. Volumetric diameters (DV0.1, DV0.5, and DV0.9) varied greatly with the nozzle orifice size, operating pressure, and DUC, and varied slightly by PWM valve type. Higher operating pressures and larger nozzles generated droplets with more consistent size distributions across DUCs from 10% to 100%. The differences in relative spans among DUCs increased with the nozzle size increase and the operating pressure decrease. Droplet size classifications from very fine to coarse, based on ASABE 572.3 standard definitions, varied with the nozzle size and operating pressure but were similar for two PWM valve designs at all DUCs. Spray volume fractions also varied with the droplet size range, DUC and pressure. For droplets smaller than 100 µm, the volume fraction remained relatively consistent or slightly decreased as DUC increased, but increased as the pressure increased. In comparison, the fraction increased as both DUC and pressure increased for droplets between 100 and 300 µm and decreased for the portion of droplets greater than 300 µm. As a result, the discovered information would be implemented for the improvement of precision variable-rate spray systems equipped with PWM valves. Keywords: Atomization, Droplet diameter, Orchard sprayer, Precision agriculture, Variable rate.
Absence of lower genital tract lesions among women of reproductive age infected with Schistosoma mansoni: A cross-sectional study using a colposcope in Western Kenya
Authors: Sang Huldah C. , Mwinzi Pauline N. M. , Odiere Maurice R. , Onkanga Isaac , Rawago Fredrick , Pillay Pavitra , Kjetland Eyrun Floerecke 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundFemale genital schistosomiasis (FGS) constitutes four different lesions known to be caused bySchistosoma haematobiumova deposited in the genital tract.Schistosoma mansoniova may also be found in the genital tract. However, it is not known ifS.mansonicauses lower genital tract lesions characteristic of FGS.MethodologyThis study was conducted in 8 villages along the shores of Lake Victoria, western Kenya. Stool and urine samples, collected from women of reproductive age on three consecutive days, were analysed forS.mansoniandS.haematobiuminfection.S.mansonipositive andS.haematobiumnegative willing participants, aged 18–50 years were invited to answer a questionnaire (demographics, symptoms), undergo a gynaecological examination and cytology specimen collection by an FGS expert.Principal findingsGynaecologic investigations were conducted in 147S.mansoni-positive women who had a mean infection intensity of 253.3 epg (95% CI: 194.8–311.9 epg). Nearly 90% of them used Lake Victoria as their main water source. None were found to have cervicovaginal grainy sandy patches or rubbery papules. Homogenous yellow patches were found in 12/147 (8.2%) women. Women with homogenous yellow patches were significantly older (47 years) than the rest (34 years, p = 0.001). No association was found between intensity ofS.mansoniinfection and homogenous yellow patches (p = 0.70) or abnormal blood vessels (p = 0.14).S.mansoniinfection intensity was not associated with genital itch, bloody or malodorous vaginal discharge.ConclusionS.mansoniinfection was neither associated with lower genital tract lesions nor symptoms typically found in women with FGS.
Efficacy of intra-lesional injections of meglumine antimoniate once a week vs. twice a week in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. tropica in Iran: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Javadi Amir , Khamesipour Ali , Ghoorchi Mohammad , Bahrami Mahdieh , Khatami Alireza , Sharifi Iraj , Eskandari Seyed Ebrahim , Fekri Alireza , Aflatoonian Mohamad Reza , Firooz Alireza 
Published: July 2022

Treatment of Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is based on using antimoniate derivatives; patients’ compliance for systemic injections is low due to the pain and systemic complications. In this randomized open trial, the efficacy of intra-lesional (IL) injections of meglumine antimoniate (MA) once a week vs. twice a week in the treatment of Anthrpoponothic CL caused by L. tropica was studied. Eligible volunteer patients were selected according to inclusion/exclusion criteria. The included patients were randomly allocated to receive IL-MA injections once a week or twice a week. The primary outcome was set as complete healing of the lesion(s), and defined as complete re-epithelialization and absence of induration in the lesions. A total of 180 parasitologicaly proven CL patients caused by L. tropica were recruited, 90 patients were treated with weekly IL-MA and 90 patients received IL-MA twice a week. The complete cure was 87.9% vs. 89.2% in the group received weekly and twice a week IL-MA injections, respectively (P = 0.808). Patients’ compliance was acceptable and side effects were limited to a few local allergic reactions to MA. Median time to healing was significantly shorter in patients who received IL-MA twice a week (median ± SE) 37±3.8, (CI: 29.6–44.4) days compared to whom received IL-MA once a week 60±2.3, (CI: 55.6–64.5) days (P< 0.001), however the number of injections was higher in group who received IL-MA twice a week (12 vs. 9 injections). In conclusion, the rate of cure in the group of CL patients with IL-MA twice a week was not significantly different from the group who received IL-MA once a week shorten, but the duration of healing was shorter in the group who received IL-MA twice a week while the group received more injections so is recommended to use IL-MA once a week due to the fact the compliance is acceptable with limited side effects.
Clinical Trial Registration: IRCT20081130001475N13; https://en.irct.ir/.
Initiation of muscle protein synthesis was unrelated to simultaneously upregulated local production of IGF-1 by amino acids in non-proliferating L6 muscle cells
Authors: Iresjö Britt-Marie , Diep Lisa , Lundholm Kent 
Published: July 2022

Background
IGF-1 is considered an important regulator of muscle protein synthesis. However, its role in stimulation of muscle protein synthesis by amino acids (AA) is not clear, despite pronounced alterations in IGF-1 mRNA expression and signaling in muscle tissues by feeding. This study evaluates the role of locally produced IGF-1 and IGF-1 signaling when skeletal muscle protein synthesis is activated by increased amino acid availability in confluent, non-proliferating cells.

Methods
L6 skeletal muscle cells were subjected to amino acid starvation (24 h, 0.14 mM) followed by 18 h amino acid refeeding in Low AA (0.28 mM) or High AA concentrations (9 mM). Protein synthesis rates were estimated by L-[U-14C]-phenylalanine incorporation into cellular proteins. IGF-1 and IGF-1 receptor mRNA expression were quantified by real time PCR. SiRNA knockdown, antibodies and chemical inhibitors were used to attenuate muscle IGF-1 production and signaling.

Results
High AA concentrations (9mM) increased IGF-1 mRNA expression (+ 30%, p<0.05) and increased L-[U-14C]-phenylalanine incorporation compared to Low AA in confluent, non-proliferating muscle cells. Blocking IGF-1 signaling by chemical inhibitors reduced IGF-1 mRNA upregulation (~50%, p< 0.01), without decrease of protein synthesis. SiRNA knockdown of IGF-1 reduced protein synthesis, mainly explained by reduced cell proliferation. High AA or IGF-1 inhibitors did not change IGF-1 receptor mRNA expressions.

Conclusion
Amino acids increased IGF-1 mRNA expression and stimulated muscle protein synthesis. However, simultaneous upregulation of IGF-1 mRNA did not relate to increased protein synthesis by amino acids. The results indicate that increased IGF-1 mRNA expression is rather a covariate to amino acid initiation of protein synthesis in non-proliferating muscle cells; effects that may be related to unrecognized metabolic activities, such as transport of amino acids.
Health problems, turnover intention, and actual turnover among shift work female nurses: Analyzing data from a prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Ki Jison , Choi-Kwon Smi 
Published: July 2022

Aims
This study investigated health problems, turnover intention, and actual turnover among shift work nurses. While turnover intention is often used as a proxy variable for turnover, the relationship between these variables requires clarification. This study tested for relevant associations using prospective longitudinal data with a time lag of 12 months. We also tested for associations between health problems (sleep disturbance, fatigue, and depression) and turnover intentions/turnover, with a focus on the mediating role of turnover intention.

Methods
This study conducted a secondary analysis of data from the Shift Work Nurses’ Health and Turnover project, which is a prospective longitudinal cohort study. We analyzed health problems, turnover intention, and actual turnover. The data were analyzed via descriptive statistics, the Pearson’s chi-squared test, independent t-test, univariable logistic regression, multiple logistic regression, and causal mediation.

Results
Participants included 491 shift work female nurses. Of these, 112 (22.8%) had turnover intention, while 38 (7.7%) left their jobs within the 12-month period of investigation. Of the 112 with turnover intention, 22 left their jobs (OR 5.68. 95% CI 2.84–11.36). The logistic regression analysis showed that sleep disturbance and fatigue were associated with turnover intentions and actual turnover, while depression was only associated with turnover intention. The causal mediation analysis showed that turnover intention mediated the relationship between health problems (sleep disturbance and fatigue) and actual turnover (sleep disturbance OR 1.31, 95%CI = 1.02–1.60; fatigue OR 2.11, 95%CI = 1.50–2.68); sleep disturbance had a natural direct effect on actual turnover (OR 2.66, 95%CI,2.07–3.21).

Conclusion
Turnover intention strongly predicted actual turnover. Sleep disturbances may result in turnover, even in cases without existing turnover intention. These findings highlight the need for early interventions aimed at preventing and alleviating sleep disturbances for shift work female nurses.
Infection prevention and control risk factors in health workers infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Jordan: A case control study
Authors: Tarif Ala Bin , Ramadan Mohannad , Yin Mo , Sharkas Ghazi , Ali Sami Sheikh , Gazo Mahmoud , Zeitawy Ali , Alsawalha Lora , Wu Kaiyue , Alonso-Garbayo Alvaro , Zayed Bassim , Al-Ariqi Lubna , Kheirallah Khalid A. , Talaat Maha , Rashidian Arash , Simniceanu Alice , Allegranzi Benedetta , Cassini Alessandro , Bellizzi Saverio 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundDespite under-reporting, health workers (HWs) accounted for 2 to 30% of the reported COVID-19 cases worldwide. In line with data from other countries, Jordan recorded multiple case surges among HWs.MethodsBased on the standardized WHO UNITY case-control study protocol on assessing risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection in HWs, HWs with confirmed COVID-19 were recruited as cases from eight hospitals in Jordan. HWs exposed to COVID-19 patients in the same setting but without infection were recruited as controls. The study lasted approximately two months (from early January to early March 2021). Regression models were used to analyse exposure risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection in HWs; conditional logistic regressions were utilized to estimate odds ratios (ORs) adjusted for the confounding variables.ResultsA total of 358 (102 cases and 256 controls) participants were included in the analysis. The multivariate analysis showed that being exposed to COVID-19 patients within 1 metre for more than 15 minutes increased three-fold the odds of infection (OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.25–6.86). Following IPC standard precautions when in contact with patients was a significant protective factor. The multivariate analysis showed that suboptimal adherence to hand hygiene increased the odds of infection by three times (OR 3.18; 95% CI 1.25–8.08).ConclusionStudy findings confirmed the role of hand hygiene as one of the most cost-effective measures to combat the spreading of viral infections. Future studies based on the same protocol will enable additional interpretations and confirmation of the Jordan experience.
Assessment of coronary spasms with transluminal attenuation gradient in coronary computed tomography angiography
Authors: Park Jae Yang , Kang Eun-Ju , Kim Moo Hyun , Yong Hwan Seok , Rha Seung-Woon 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
To evaluate the imaging features of coronary spasm, including transluminal attenuation gradient (TAG) on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in patients with vasospastic angina (VA).

Methods
A total of 43 patients with a high clinical likelihood of VA were included in the study. All the subjects underwent double CCTA acquisition: CCTA without a vasodilator (‘baseline CT’) and CCTA during continuous intravenous nitrate infusion (‘IV nitrate CT’). A catheterized ergonovine provocation test was used to determine true VA patients. Coronary spasm is classified into focal- and diffuse-types according to morphological differences. We measured TAG and contrast enhancement of the proximal ostium (ProxHU) of each coronary artery for both the baseline and IV nitrate CT.

Results
Twenty-four patients (55.8%) showed positive results of coronary vasospasm on the provocation test. Thirty-eight vessels showed coronary spasms (29.5%): Focal-type in nine vessels (24%), and diffuse-type in 29 (76%). In the baseline CT, LCX showed significantly lower (steeper) TAG in spasm(+) vessels than in spasm(-) vessels, while LAD and RCA showed no significant differences in TAG. The ProxHU of LAD showed significantly lower values in spasm(+) vessels than in spasm(-) vessels, while the other vessels did not show significant differences in ProxHU. For IV nitrate CT, there were no significant differences in either the TAG and ProxHU between spasm(+) and (-) vessels for all the three vessel types. In subgroup analysis for spasm(+) vessels, diffuse spasms showed significantly lower TAG than focal spasms, while the ProxHU did not differ between the two types of spasm.

Conclusions
A relatively large percentage of coronary spasms present as diffuse type, and the TAG values significantly differed according to the morphological type of the coronary spasm.
Integrating network pharmacology and molecular docking to explore the potential mechanism of Xinguan No. 3 in the treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Peng Jiayan , Zhang Kun , Wang Lijie , Peng Fang , Zhang Chuantao , Long Kunlan , Chen Jun , Zhou Xiujuan , Gao Peiyang , Fan Gang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Xinguan No. 3 has been recommended for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, its potential mechanisms are unclear. This study aims to explore the mechanisms of Xinguan No. 3 against COVID-19 through network pharmacology and molecular docking. We first searched the ingredients of Xinguan No. 3 in three databases (Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform, Traditional Chinese Medicines Integrated Database, and The Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine). The active components and their potential targets were predicted through the SwissTargetPrediction website. The targets of COVID-19 can be found on the GeneCards website. Protein interaction analysis, screening of key targets, functional enrichment of key target genes, and signaling pathway analysis were performed through Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes databases, Metascape databases, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway databases. Finally, the affinity of the key active components with the core targets was verified by molecular docking. The results showed that five core targets had been screened, including MAPK1, NF-κB1, RELA, AKT1, and MAPK14. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that the key targets were associated with inflammatory responses and responses to external stimuli. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the main pathways were influenza A, hepatitis B, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway. Therefore, Xinguan No. 3 might play a role in treating COVID-19 through anti-inflammatory, immune responses, and regulatory responses to external stimuli.
Gender and Entrepreneurship in the New Era: New Perspectives on the Role of Gender and Entrepreneurial Activity
Authors: Mustafa Michael , Treanor Lorna 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The topics of gender and entrepreneurship have been of great scholarly interest since the eighties. In this invited editorial, we provide an overview of the evolution of the field of gender and entrepreneurship. Specifically, we consider the evolution of the field by highlighting the importance of context and the need to consider gender in all future research examining’ entrepreneurial activity. Drawing on a contextualized approach we provide an overview of the six articles in this curated special issue with the aim of increasing our understanding of women’s entrepreneurial activity. Finally, we conclude with some suggestions for future research. We hope this invited editorial will spur deeper research at the intersections between gender and entrepreneurship.
Constitutional Design and the Urban/Rural Divide
Authors: Hirschl Ran 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this article, I consider a curious blind spot in constitutional scholarship concerning the resurging rural/urban divide—a readily evident phenomenon closely associated with political resentment and anti-establishment sentiments—and how we may begin to address that challenge through creative constitutional designs. Specifically, I draw upon insights from comparative constitutionalism to discuss four main areas of constitutional law and theory that appear to hold some intellectual promise in this context: (i) formal constitutional commitment at the national level to recognizing the urban/rural divide and commitment to addressing it; (ii) creative electoral system designs that take into account the spatial dimension of politics; (iii) spatial pluralization based on concepts such as “mixed constitutions,” “community standards,” and “margin of appreciation”; and (iv) rethinking elements of equalization and fiscal federalism more generally. Taken together, the four directions I discuss here offer a repertoire of constitutional design possibilities that hold promise in mitigating the resurging rural/urban gulf. More generally, they serve as an invitation to constitutional thinkers to shake up the rather stagnant constitutional thought of spatial governance, and to think creatively about the ever-expanding urban/rural divide and its consequences for the theory and practice of 21st century constitutional democracy.
Between the Prerogative and the Normative States: The Evolving Power to Detain in China’s Political-Legal System
Authors: Fu Hualing 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article uses Ernst Fraenkel’s dual-state framework as an analytical tool to study those conflicting imperatives and constitutional tensions with a focus on the power to detain. This article makes the argument that China has emerged as a dual state with a normal state that functions increasingly with a rule-based government in inter-personal matters and a prerogative state that solidifies control in areas that are regarded as political sensitive. Overall, while the equilibrium between the normative and prerogative states has been evolving in China, it has remained stable. The Party has been able to build a relatively self-defined and self-referencing legal system to provide the certainty and order that the Chinese political economy demands while maintaining a zone of exception, expansive and continuing to evolve, for the prerogative state to safeguard authoritarian rule.
Introductory Formulas in the Catalogue of Men ofOdyssey11
Authors: Skempis Marios 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, I examine the formulaic system of the catalogue of men inOdyssey11. The discursive means at work whenever a catalogue entry is introduced, rest on vision and kinetics. These are two cardinal notions that establish themselves in narrative contexts of male catalogue poetry in theIliad. Scrutinising the formula-based linguistic register pertaining to visual perception and movement/stasisshows that entry introductory formulas serve as mechanisms of meticulous inner structuring and co-ordination of the narrative material and of outer framing with regard to the preceding free-floating entries and the catalogue of women.