bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of administrative burden on state safety‐net participation: Evidence from food assistance, cash assistance, and Medicaid
Authors: Fox Ashley , Feng Wenhui , Reynolds Megan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAdministrative burden in social welfare programs is increasingly recognized as a barrier to eligible individuals' access to their legally entitled benefits. Using composite indices of administrative rules for three major safety‐net programs (Temporary Assistance to Needy Families, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, and Medicaid) that vary in the degree and type of costs conferred on claimants across states between 2000 and 2016, we examine the effect of rule burden on program participation using two‐way fixed effects models. We find that each program contained numerous rules that confer a high degree of learning and compliance costs, and psychological costs to a lesser extent, though to varying degrees. Reducing costs associated with burdensome administrative rules was associated with higher program inclusivity across the programs, with relaxing some rules contributing more than others. Rules that automate enrollment/renewal, link eligibility with other programs and reduce asset tests seem especially promising. Easing burdensome administrative rules can increase access to services to which claimants are legally entitled.
High time for a higher‐level look at high‐technology: Plotting a course for managing government information in an age of governance
Authors: Exmeyer Patrick C. , Hall Jeremy L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFor years, scholarly interest in the intersection of government and technology has overwhelmingly focused on the end‐product of technology capabilities. Recent advancements in computational power have facilitated breathtaking growth of data analytics, artificial intelligence (AI), and process automation, sparking considerable attention by scholars and practitioners alike. However, insight concerning the technology hardware assets powering emergent applications in the public sector remains glaringly absent amidst this rapidly expanding area of research. We position that gaining a greater understanding of the scope of technology utility in governance requires exploration of not only the applications or interfaces produced by technology hardware, but rather the aim of promoting both modernity and processing capacity of the hardware driving technology in government.
Using Randomized Rounding of Linear Programs to Obtain Unweighted Natural Strata that Balance Many Covariates
Authors: Brumberg Katherine , Small Dylan S. , Rosenbaum Paul R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn causal inference, natural strata are a new compromise between conventional strata and matching in a fixed ratio, say pair matching or matching two controls to each treated individual. Like matching in a fixed ratio, natural strata: (a) do not require weights, (b) balance many measured covariates beyond those that define the strata and (c) provide closer balance for a measured continuous covariate coarsely cut to form strata. Unlike matching in a fixed ratio, the ratio of controls to treated individuals need not be an integer, so if the data permit a fixed ratio comparison of 1-to-2.5 or even 1-to-0.75, then these ratios are possible using natural strata. Optimal natural strata are defined by a moderate number of fixed strata plus an integer program that minimizes the imbalance in many other measured covariates that are not used to specify the strata. Solving large integer programs is computationally difficult. A tool in the theory of approximation algorithms is ‘randomized rounding of a linear program’ to produce an integer solution: a fractional solution to a linear program defines a probability distribution for an integer-valued random variable which is sampled. We apply this tool in a new way to produce natural strata and develop new properties of randomized rounding in this context. When proportional strata are impractical, we approximate them by minimizing the earthmover distance to proportionality. The method is applied to study birth outcomes for older and younger mothers in the United States in 2018. An R package natstrat is available at CRAN.
The acute effect of a laboratory shame induction protocol on endothelial function in young, healthy adults
Authors: McGarity‐Shipley Ellen C. , Lew Lindsay A. , Bonafiglia Jacob T. , Pyke Kyra E. 
Published: May 2022

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Shame is a form of social stress that involves internalizing social devaluations imposed by others. The aim of this study was to determine, for the first time, how acutely experienced shame impacts endothelial function.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Brachial artery flow‐mediated dilatation, an index of endothelial function, was impaired after an intervention that acutely increased self‐reported shame. This occurred without increases in cortisol or tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor binding. Frequent or prolonged shame‐induced endothelial dysfunction could have important cardiovascular consequences.

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine the impact of a shame induction protocol on endothelial function. Fifteen participants (n = 7 men, n = 8 women) completed both a written shame induction protocol and a control protocol on two different experimental days. Pre‐ and post‐protocol we assessed: (1) endothelial function and arterial shear rate via a standard brachial artery reactive hyperaemia flow‐mediated dilatation (FMD) test across two post‐intervention time points (15 and 35 min post); (2) perceived shame via the experiential shame scale (ESS); and (3) cortisol and soluble tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor (sTNFαRII) through oral fluid analysis. Shame increased after the shame induction protocol (pre, 2.9 ± 0.6 vs. post, 3.7 ± 0.5, P < 0.001) but not the control protocol (pre, 3.0 ± 0.5 vs. post, 2.8 ± 0.5, P = 0.15; protocol by time interaction, P < 0.001). When all three time points were included in the analysis, %FMD did not change over time. Considering only the lowest post time point, %FMD decreased significantly in response to the shame protocol (pre, 4.8 ± 1.9 vs. post, 3.2 ± 1.6, P < 0.001) but not the control protocol (pre, 4.2 ± 1.8 vs. post, 3.8 ± 1.5, P = 0.45; protocol by time interaction, P = 0.035). Covariation of the shear rate stimulus for FMD did not alter the FMD results. When including both the control and shame protocols, but not the shame protocol alone, increased shame was significantly associated with decreased FMD (r = −0.37, P < 0.046). There were no significant time by protocol interaction effects for cortisol or sTNFαRII. In conclusion, temporary increases in shame might cause transient endothelial dysfunction which, if chronically repeated, could manifest as reduced vasoprotection against atherosclerosis.
A Steady-State Energy-Based Monte Carlo Method for Phonon Transport With Arbitrary Temperature Difference
Authors: Ran Xin , Wang Moran 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A steady-state Monte Carlo scheme is developed for phonon transport based on the energy-based deviational phonon Boltzmann transport equation (PBTE). Other than tracking trajectories and time evolution of each packet in the transient methods, this steady-state method determines the paths of energy packets from being emitted to the steady-state through statistics of scattering probability. By reconsidering and developing the periodic heat flux boundary condition, we extend the capability of this method to systems with arbitrary temperature differences. This steady-state energy-based Monte Carlo (SEMC) method has been verified by comparing predictions with results from the previous discrete-ordinates method, the analytical solution, and transient MC methods for phonon transport in or across thin films. The present SEMC algorithm significantly improves the computational efficiency for a steady phonon transport process instead of time evolution by a transient algorithm.
Effect of Pressurization and Annealing on Hole Expansion
Authors: Nikhare Chetan P. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Due to the continuous push toward environmental regulations to reduce the impact on the environment, more sustainable manufacturing is in demand. Easily available material like iron-carbon based alloys are denser but exhibit higher strength and good formability. Alternatively, low dense materials have the potential to reduce the weight, but they lose the “easy-to-deform” spot. In addition, the traditional method to characterize the material is not sufficient to capture the material model which would accurately predict the complex nature of deformation. Thus, the present study is focused on how to make the material more deformable in the process by evaluating the parameters in deformation through the hole expansion process. For this study, four tests were chosen, namely hemispherical dome test, cylindrical tool test, conical tool test, and biaxial test. Except the biaxial test, all tests use the rigid tool punch to deform the hole. The cruciform specimen with a center hole was used to make the sample, which fits in all the considered tests. Force–displacement curves were plotted and discussed. In addition, tests were also performed on annealed materials to understand the hole expansion in ductile material. Based on the results it was observed that biaxial tests do not provide any pressurization effect and all tests which include the rigid tool to deform the hole doe. Due to the pressurization effect, the hole was expanded more. It was also noted that the hole expansion was more in ductile material and pressurization effect increases with ductile material.
The Role of the Product Design and Manufacturing System Dyad in Efficient Personalized Production
Authors: Rincón-Guevara Oscar , Samayoa Jorge A. , Panchal Jitesh H. , Deshmukh Abhijit 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Product personalization will play a key role in the future of society by making these products available for everyone, everywhere. Personalized production requires the involvement of the customer in the design process. Thus, tools to identify which components and modules allow for customer interaction are needed, and to further assess the effects of customer interaction on the product design and the manufacturing system. In this article, we propose a framework to analyze the extent of personalization a designer and a manufacturing firm can achieve in the context of efficient personalized production. We study this as a dyad of product design and manufacturing system, which uses two main attributes: product modularity and manufacturing configuration complexity. To demonstrate our ideas, we use two applications. The first is a case study for gearbox, usually manufactured at high levels of efficiency under the mass production paradigm. The second case is an application for the footwear industry for the particular case of a sneaker, a sports shoe that is prone to be customized. These case studies show the flexibility of this framework to a wide set of industries. In both cases, we compare a personalization scenario with a baseline scenario and provide managerial insights.
An Analytic and Computational Condition for the Finite Degree-of-Freedom of Linkages, and Its Relation to Lie Group Methods
Authors: Müller Andreas 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The finite degree of freedom (DOF) of a mechanism is determined by the number of independent loop constraints. In this paper, a method to determine the maximal number of loop closure constraints (which is independent of a specific configuration) of multiloop linkages is introduced and applied to calculate the finite DOF. It rests on an algebraic condition on the joint screws, which stems from the analytic condition that minors of certain rank and their higher derivatives vanish. A computational algorithm is presented to determine the maximal rank of the constraint Jacobian in an arbitrary (possibly singular) reference configuration. This algorithm involves screw products of constant screw vectors only. Unlike the Lie group methods for estimating the DOF of so-called exceptional linkages, this method does not rely on partitioning kinematic loops into partial kinematic chains, and it is applicable to multiloop linkages. The DOF computed with this method is at least as accurate as the DOF computed with the Lie group methods. It gives the correct DOF for any (possibly overconstrained) linkage where the constraint Jacobian has maximal rank in regular configurations. The so determined maximal rank has further significance for classifying linkages as being exceptional or paradoxical but also for detecting singularities and shaky linkages.
Three Degrees of Freedom-Based Master–Slave Uterine Manipulation Robot System for Laparoscopic Hysterectomy
Authors: Nguyen Van Sy , Hwang Bohyun , Lee Sangmin , Kim Sooyoung , Kim Byungkyu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A laparoscopic hysterectomy has been highlighted to early diagnose uterine and cervical cancers. Reflecting these needs, commercial uterine manipulators employing a kinematic linkage system without mechanical actuators have been developed. None of them have achieved versatile movements, enabling anteversion and retroversion articulation of the uterus together with translational motion. More recently, motorized uterine manipulators capable of versatile and multifunctional movements are proposed. They have shown a strong potential to alleviate the burdens that gynecological surgeons can experience. Building on these concepts, we propose a master–slave system-based uterine manipulation robot (UMaRo). The device features a simple mechanism with a larger workspace, achieved by combining translational motion together with roll and pitch motions. The UMaRo also has an ergonomically designed uterus-shaped handle which enhances ease of use and convenience during procedures. More importantly, the master–slave system enables surgeons to operate the manipulator with less force, thereby reducing operator fatigue. A linkage mechanism allows the UMaRo to accommodate a higher load capacity, a larger workspace, and makes the device simpler. Numerical analyses are performed to determine the specifications of the UMaRo. Based on the results, the UMaRo is designed and fabricated. Then, experiments are performed in a phantom uterus model to validate the UMaRo performance. Results demonstrated a lifting force of 13 N in the pitch motion and 45 N in the roll motion, and the movement of the master–slave system was found to be well-synchronized out–inside of the phantom.
Stiffness Modulation of a Cable-Driven Serial-Chain Manipulator Via Cable Routing Alteration
Authors: Sanjeevi N. S. S. , Vashista Vineet 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Cable-driven serial-chain manipulators, CDSMs, are widely used from industries to human–robot interaction applications demanding diverse performance requirements. The CDSMs inherent characteristic of flexibility in altering system parameters facilitates the possibility of varying its performance as per the desired application and thus has been explored in the literature. Among the various performance measures, stiffness plays a vital role in manipulators interaction with unknown environments. Works in the literature reported varying CDSMs system parameters to tune the stiffness characteristics and highlighted the tensionable workspace’s sensitivity to the changes in the system parameters. The current work demonstrates the potential of co-shared cable routing in CDSMs along with a set of design conditions to provide a broader range of stiffness characteristics for a constant tensionable workspace. The results are presented using a planar two degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) CDSM, and the stiffness changes are validated experimentally. This outcome shows that CDSM with co-shared cable routing can render a wide range of stiffness behavior.
Mechanical Characterization of Compliant Cellular Robots. Part I: Passive Stiffness
Authors: Singh Gaurav , Nawroj Ahsan , Dollar Aaron M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Modular active cell robots (MACROs) are a design paradigm for modular robotic hardware that uses only two components, namely actuators and passive compliant joints. Under the MACRO approach, a large number of actuators and joints are connected to create mesh-like cellular robotic structures that can be actuated to achieve large deformation and shape change. In this two-part paper, we study the importance of different possible mesh topologies within the MACRO framework. Regular and semi-regular tilings of the plane are used as the candidate mesh topologies and simulated using finite element analysis (FEA). In Part 1, we use FEA to evaluate their passive stiffness characteristics. Using a strain-energy method, the homogenized material properties (Young's modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio) of the different mesh topologies are computed and compared. The results show that the stiffnesses increase with increasing nodal connectivity and that stretching-dominated topologies have higher stiffness compared to bending-dominated ones. We also investigate the role of relative actuator-node stiffness on the overall mesh characteristics. This analysis shows that the stiffness of stretching-dominated topologies scales directly with their cross-section area whereas bending-dominated ones do not have such a direct relationship.
Torque Optimization Method of a 3-DOF Redundant Parallel Manipulator Based on Actuator Torque Range
Authors: Wu Jun , Qiu Jiahao , Ye Hao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The small actuator torque range brings advantages for the high-accuracy control of a manipulator. By taking the minimum actuator torque range into account, this paper proposes a novel torque optimization method of a 3-DOF redundantly actuated parallel manipulator for friction stir welding. The dynamic model of the 3-DOF redundant parallel manipulator with four kinematic chains is derived by using the principle of virtual work. The solution of the dynamics is not unique, and the range of four actuator torques constitutes a 4D generalized rectangle. A torque optimization method that minimizes the actuator torque range is presented by determining the generalized 4D rectangle with minimum side length. The proposed optimization method is a global solution corresponding to one trajectory of the moving platform, and it is compared with the least square method which is a local solution corresponding to one pose of the moving platform.
Numerical Investigation on the Heat Transfer Characteristics of Liquid Lithium Metal in a Bent Tube and Its Structure Optimization
Authors: Liu Yongfu , He Yi , Tan Peng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Liquid lithium is expected to be the promising coolant for the next generation of space nuclear reactor power sources, and pipe structures have critical impacts on the flow and heat transfer characteristics, whereas related studies are still incomplete. In this work, a steady-state non-isothermal heat transfer model with modified turbulent Prandtl number is developed for the turbulent flow of liquid lithium in elbows with different bends. The results demonstrate that liquid lithium has best performance in a 90 deg bend in the Pe range of 320–955, which has the highest heat transfer performance per unit pressure drop and exhibits the lowest entropy generation. Due to the difference in flow velocity between the inner and outer sides of the pipe, a high-temperature region exists in the inner-wall area from the pipe bend and migrates from the wall side to the center area in the exit area. When decreasing the flow velocity and increasing the wall heat flow density, a more significant increase in the percentage of the high-temperature region is demonstrated on the inner wall side of the pipe in the exit area of the bend. Under a given total length of L, the inlet length H with the H/L ratio of 0.025 has the minimum entropy generation within the unit pressure drop, and is the best U-tube structure. This work provides comprehensive investigations on flow and heat transfer characteristics of liquid lithium in bends and U-tubes and inspires practical applications.
Effects of TRAM-34 and minocycline on neuroinflammation caused by diabetic ketoacidosis in a rat model
Authors: Glaser Nicole , Chu Steven , Weiner Justin , Zdepski Linnea , Wulff Heike , Tancredi Daniel , ODonnell Martha E 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionDiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) causes acute and chronic neuroinflammation that may contribute to cognitive decline in patients with type 1 diabetes. We evaluated the effects of agents that reduce neuroinflammation (triarylmethane-34 (TRAM-34) and minocycline) during and after DKA in a rat model.Research design and methodsJuvenile rats with DKA were treated with insulin and saline, either alone or in combination with TRAM-34 (40 mg/kg intraperitoneally twice daily for 3 days, then daily for 4 days) or minocycline (45 mg/kg intraperitoneally daily for 7 days). We compared cytokine and chemokine concentrations in brain tissue lysates during DKA among the three treatment groups and in normal controls and diabetic controls (n=9–15/group). We also compared brain inflammatory mediator levels in these same groups in adult diabetic rats that were treated for DKA as juveniles.ResultsBrain tissue concentrations of chemokine (C-C) motif ligand (CCL)3, CCL5 and interferon (IFNγ) were increased during acute DKA, as were brain cytokine composite scores. Both treatments reduced brain inflammatory mediator levels during acute DKA. TRAM-34 predominantly reduced chemokine concentrations (chemokine (C-X-C) motif ligand (CXCL-1), CCL5) whereas minocycline had broader effects, (reducing CXCL-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), IFNγ, interleukin (IL) 2, IL-10 and IL-17A). Brain inflammatory mediator levels were elevated in adult rats that had DKA as juveniles, compared with adult diabetic rats without previous DKA, however, neither TRAM-34 nor minocycline treatment reduced these levels.ConclusionsThese data demonstrate that both TRAM-34 and minocycline reduce acute neuroinflammation during DKA, however, treatment with these agents for 1 week after DKA does not reduce long-term neuroinflammation.
Haycocknema perplexummyositis: the first description of subclinical disease and a proposed distinctive triad to evoke clinical suspicion
Authors: Ward Kayla , Krishnan Anirudh , R Iyengar Krishnan , Robertson Thomas , White Richard , Urkude Ravindra 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionHaycocknema perplexumis an exceedingly rare cause of parasitic myositis endemic to Australia, more specifically, Tasmania and North Queensland. There is a paucity of literature regarding this diagnosis, with only nine previously described cases.DiagnosisThis report details two cases of biopsy-confirmedH. perplexummyositis from Townsville University Hospital and describes the first-ever case of subclinical infection. There is limited known information regarding theH. perplexumlife cycle and a definitive host which has hindered the development of a non-invasive diagnostic test. A review of the previously described cases has identified the hallmark features of this enigmatic condition: a triad of serological markers including deranged hepatic function, persistent eosinophilia and an elevated creatine kinase.ConclusionsThis report aimed to raise awareness ofH. perplexummyositis and the possibility of subclinical infection, which suggests a protracted disease course. Further research is required to identify a non-invasive diagnostic test, given that early diagnosis and timely initiation of albendazole treatment may drastically limit patient disability.