bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Ward-based Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment for Elderly Orthopedic Patients and Analysis of Risk Factors for Postoperative Complications
Authors: Kong Chao , Zhang Yanhong , Wang Chaodong , Wang Peng , Li Xiangyu , Wang Wei , Wang Yu , Shen Jianghua , Ren Xiaoyi , Wang Tianlong , Zhao Guoguang , Lu Shibao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: The effectiveness of comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) has been confirmed to reduce perioperative complications of geriatric patients. But there is no universally accepted standardization of CGA for orthopedic surgery. In this study, a novel CGA strategy was applied to evaluate the conditions of elderly patients undergoing orthopedic surgery from a broad view and to identify potential risk factors for postoperative complications. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted from March 2019 to December 2020.The study enrolled patients for elective or confined orthopedic surgery if they were over the age of 75 years old. All patients were enrolled and treated with help from a multidisciplinary team. A structured CGA was conducted to identify high-risk elderly patients and to facilitate coordinated multidisciplinary team care by a geriatric team. The basic patient characteristics and CGA results were collected in addition to postoperative complication and mortality rates. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for postoperative complications. Results: A total of 214 patients with an age of 81.07 ± 4.78 (range, 75–100) years were prospectively enrolled in this study. In total, 66 (30.8%) complications were registered, including one death from myocardial infarction (mortality rate, 0.5%). Poor ADL and IADL were accompanied by frailty, worse American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, visual analogue scale score, and nutritional status. Poor ADL was also associated with higher risks of falling, polypharmacy, and cardiac and respiration complications. Poor IADL was associated with higher risk of cardiac and respiration complications. Higher stroke risk was accompanied by higher risks of cardiac complications, delirium, and hemorrhage. Worse ASA scale was associated with worse ADL, IADL, and frailty, and higher delirium risk. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that spinal fusion (odds ratio [OR], 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65 to 0.83; p = 0.0214), blood loss(OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.31 to 2.01; p = 0.0168), ADL (severe dysfunction or worse) (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.16 to 1.81; p = 0.0413), IADL (serious dependence) (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.33 to 1.63; p = 0.0436), renal function (CKD ≥ stage 3a) (OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.54 to 2.55; p = 0.0133), and malnutrition(OR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.74 to 2.56; p = 0.0101) were independent risk factors for postoperative complications. All P <0.05.Conclusion: Spinal fusion, blood loss, ADL (severe dysfunction or worse), IADL (serious dependence), renal function (CKD ≥ stage 3a) and nutrition MNA (malnourished) were independent risk factors of postoperative complications following orthopaedic surgery in elderly patients.
Fiber Bragg Grating-Based Garment For Monitoring Human Body Temperature
Authors: Wang Xiujuan , Jiang Yaming , Xu Siyi , Li Xiaozhi , Liu Hao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Body temperature provides an insight into the physiological state of a person and body temperature changes reflect much information about human health. In the present study, a garment for monitoring human body temperature based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors is reported. The FBG sensor was encapsulated by a PMMA tube and calibrated in the thermostatic water bath. It has good vibration resistance and the wavelength changes about 0-1pm at 0.5-80Hz vibration frequency. The path of optical fiber was discussed and its bending radius was equal or greater than 20mm, so that the lower bending loss can be achieved when the garment was stretched on the human body. The FBG sensor, the optical fiber and garment were integrated together using hot melt glue by the electric iron and the hot press machine. Through experiments of monitoring human body temperature, the sensor can reach the human armpit temperature in about 15min with the upper arm close to the torso. For it is immune to electromagnetic interferences, the smart garment can be used in some special environments such as ultrasonography, magnetic resonance (MR) and aerospace.
3D Point Cloud Target Detection Method Based on R-PointGNN
Authors: Li Nianfeng , Li Yan , Wang Yuying , Xiao Zhiguo , Zhao Nan , Li Yupeng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Point cloud target detection completes the interaction of 3D features such as vector position and reflection intensity in the coordinate system and 3D visualization with visual enhancement effects, which are widely used in virtual reality, augmented reality and autonomous driving. However, the disorder, sparsity and overlap of LiDAR point clouds increase the difficulty of point cloud recognition. To address this problem, a 3D point cloud target detection model named R-PointGNN (Residual-Graph Neural Network) based on graph neural network is proposed. Deep residual connections are constructed on the graph neural network structure. Firstly, the semantic graphs of the point clouds are constructed by the nearest neighbor algorithm; then, the feature transfer and state update of the graphs are completed by the improved edge convolution; finally, the residual connections are introduced to connect multiple layers of states and extract deep features. Experiments on the KITTI dataset show that the method performs well in the point cloud target detection task with a high degree of discrimination.
Understanding the association between informed choice and long-term reversible contraception among women aged 15-49 in Uganda: findings from the 2016 Demographic Health Survey
Authors: Dau Hallie , Kakaire Othman , Karim Mohammad Ehsanul , Nakisige Carolyn , Vidler Marianne , Payne Beth A , Ogilvie Gina 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
IntroductionLong-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods are superior to other modern birth control methods in preventing pregnancy as they are highly effective and have a low failure rate. The Ugandan Ministry of Health has prioritized providing long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) and ensuring informed choice within the context of family planning. This study aims to understand the relationship between informed choice and LARC use among women aged 15-49 in Uganda after adjusting for potential confounding.MethodsThis cross-sectional study utilizes data from the 2016 Uganda Standard Demographic and Health Survey. Thomas-Rao corrections to a chi-square test were used for the bivariable analysis. A design-adjusted multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the association between informed choice and LARC use. Propensity score matching was conducted as a sensitivity analysis.ResultsIn all, 3,646 women were included in the analysis and 975 reported using a LARC. In the design- adjusted multivariable analysis, the odds of reporting LARC usage were 1.98 (95% CI 1.61 - 2.43) times higher among women who reported informed choice compared to those who did not. The subsequent propensity score analysis reported similar findings.DiscussionProviding informed choices can help increase the number of women who utilize LARCs in Uganda. As such, the Ugandan Ministry of Health should further expand access to family planning counselling as it could contribute to the reduction of unplanned pregnancies across Uganda through the use of LARCs.Significance: There is currently no research on the association between informed choice and long-term reversible contraception (LARC) use in Uganda. More broadly, research in relation to informed choice and LARC use in sub-Saharan Africa is largely descriptive. This association is important to understand because Uganda has one of the highest unplanned pregnancy and fertility rates in the world. The study will contribute to a better understanding of family planning counselling in Uganda, which may be useful in developing future family planning programs and interventions. As such, this will help reduce the overall unplanned pregnancy rate in Uganda.
Controller Design and Stability Analysis of Intensification Process using Analytical Exact Gain-Phase Margin approach
Authors: Lee Cheong Sheng , Shukor Syamsul Rizal Abd 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Controllable intensified process has received immense attention by the researchers in order to deliver the benefit of process intensification to be operated in a desired way in order to provide a more sustainable process towards reduction of environmental impact, improve of intrinsic safety and process efficiency. This paper proposed the Exact Gain and Phase Margin (EGP) through analytical method to develop suitable controller design for intensified system using PID controller formulation and it was compared to conventional Direct Synthesis Methods (DS), Internal Model Control (IMC) and Industrial IMC method in terms of the performance and stability analysis. Simulation results showed that EGP method provides good setpoint tracking and disturbance rejection as compared to DS, IMC and Industrial IMC while retaining overall performance stability as time delay increases. The Bode Stability Criterion was used to determine the stability of the open-loop transfer function of each method and the result demonstrated decrease in stability as time delay increases for controller design using DS, IMC and Industrial IMC and hence control performance degrades. On the other hand, the proposed EGP controller maintains the overall robustness and control performance throughout the increase of time delay and outperform the other controller design methods at higher time delay. Another highlight of this work is that the proposed EGP controller design method provides overall overwhelming control performance with lower overshoot and shorter rise time compared to other controllers when process time constant is smaller in magnitude (τp =0.01 and 0.1) than the instrumentation element, which is one of the major concerns during the design of intensified controllers, resulting in a higher order of overall system. The desired selection of gain margin and phase margin were suggested at 2.5 to 4 and 60° – 70° respectively for a wide range of control condition for intensified process where higher instrumentation dynamic would be possible achieve robust control as well. As a result, the proposed EGP method controller is thought to be more reliable design strategy for maintaining the overall robustness and performance of higher order and complex systems that are highly affected by time delay and high dynamic response of intensified processes.
Serological Investigation of Bovine Toxoplasmosis in Exotic Breed by Using Commercial and Indigenous ELISA Kits While Validating Cattle Toxo IgG ELISA Kit
Authors: Rahman Sarfraz ur , Akbar Haroon , Shabbir Muhammad Zubair , Ullah Ubaid , Rashid Muhammad Imran 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular heteroxenous protozoan parasite that causes toxoplasmosis in warm-blooded vertebrates, globally. This parasite is widespread in humans and other animal species and has already been reported in many countries and diverse climates. The main aims of this study were to assess the seropositivity to toxoplasmosis of exotic breed of cattle (n = 400) from different farms by using Latex Agglutination Test (LAT), validation of newly developed ELISA kit (Cattle Toxo IgG ELISA Kit) with the help of commercially available ELISA kit available as “ID Screen Toxoplasmosis Indirect Multi-species ELISA Kit”(taken as Gold Standard in the current study) and comparative efficacy of LAT and newly developed ELISA kit for assessing seropositivity of cattle to toxoplasmosis. Out of a total of 400 cattle sera that were evaluated by LAT, 143 (35.75%) were found positive. Based on this data, 90 samples (n = 60 seronegative by LAT; n = 30 seropositive by LAT) were selected for screening through Gold Standard ELISA kit. The same 90 samples were screened through our newly developed ELISA kit for validation purpose. Out of 40 samples found seropositive in our newly developed ELISA kit (100% sensitivity), 38 were also seropositive in Gold Standard ELISA kit. Whereas all the 50 samples found seronegative in our newly developed ELISA kit (96.15% specificity), were also seronegative in Gold Standard ELISA kit. Hence the sensitivity and specificity of our newly developed ELISA kit came out to be 100% and 96.15%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of LAT in the current study was found as 26.31% and 61.53%, respectively. Screening of 400 cattle sera through our newly developed ELISA kit revealed 29.75% (119/400) seropositivity, 6% less than that found through LAT. The results of this study show that our newly developed ELISA kit is highly accurate and reliable serodiagnostic tool to diagnose bovine toxoplasmosis. It is important to highlight that overall highest seropositivity was seen in cattle of age-group “5 years or above”.
COVID-19 Is A Contributing Risk Factor For Development Of DKA In Typei DM.
Authors: Bakry Noura M. El , Mohamed Ayat M. , Fadl Yosra 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background Viral infections trigger type 1 diabetes (T1D) in susceptible children, and may increase incidence of T1D and/or diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) during the COVID-19 pandemic.We aimed to describe the frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis in children and to determine if COVID contribute to the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis.Objective To study the incidence of DKA due to new-onset T1D during the COVID-19 pandemic, and whether SARS-CoV-2 infection is a triggering factor for the development of DKA in type I DM in Minia university hospital,Egypt .Methods This retrospective cohort study of children admitted to PICU and inpatient wards due to new-onset T1D or due to DKA and diagnosed as have positive covid -19 in Mina University Hospital from 1 April to 31 October 2021. We compared the incidence, number and characteristics of children with newly diagnosed T1D and DKA during the pandemic periods.Results An increase in the number of children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been reported during the COVID-19 pandemic and more children with new-onset T1D now present with severe diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).Conclusion: COVID contribute to the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis and new onset T1D among childern
Joint Effects of Symmetric and Asymmetric Dispersal on the Complex Dynamics of a Multiple Interactions Type System
Authors: Aliyu Murtala Bello , Mohd Mohd Hafiz 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper extends a multiple interactions type ecological system by incorporating both symmetric and asymmetric dispersal mechanisms. Using this partial differential equations model, we numerically show different spatio-temporal dynamics of interacting species. We then examine the dynamical behaviours of the system for a wide range of parameter values, thereby permitting an investigation of the interplay between local dynamics due to mutualist-resource-competitor-exploiter interactions on the one hand and dispersal rate and its (a)symmetry, on the other. To do this, a co-dimension one bifurcation analysis is performed using the magnitude of competitor and resource species interactions under various dispersal scenarios. In the absence of dispersal, our analysis by varying the competitive pressure uncovers some bifurcational changes in dynamics such as supercritical Hopf and transcritical bifurcations. The interactions between these two local bifurcations result in intriguing outcomes, namely coexistence steady states, stable limit cycles and alternative stable states. Inclusion of low (or moderate) levels of symmetric dispersal into the system modifies the response of this ecological community towards the change in competitive pressure and mediates distinct multiple species coexistence steady states. As symmetric dispersal increases to rapid migration levels, a greater stabilising impact on the dynamics of the system is observed and this situation enhances the likelihood of species diversity. In the case of asymmetric dispersal, alternative stable states phenomenon has been found to be more pronounced due to the emergence of different bistable attractors, which include two coexisting stable limit cycles. Owing to this reason, we predict sensitivity of dynamics to small perturbations in initial densities of mutualist-resource-competitor-exploiter species. It is also unveiled that the (in)direct effects exerted by resource species can interact with dispersal asymmetry to engender subcritical Hopf, period-doubling and limit point bifurcations of cycles: these phenomena also exhibit complex dynamical behaviours such as alternative stable states or unstable dynamics, which can stabilise or destabilise this multi-species community.
Assessment of Water Quality of Taunsa-Panjnad (TP) Link Canal Using HEC-RAS
Authors: latif Abid , Arifeen Zain ul , Hammad Mohammad , Hussain Talat , Khan Shehryar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper investigates about water quality assessment system through the implementation of HEC-RAS 5.0.6. Due to rapid evolution, urbanization, mechanization, and over-population, the water demand has increased and the quality of water deteriorates year after year, leading to water-borne diseases and several other adverse effects. So, it is imperative to check the quality of the water as water plays an important role in our human society. Taunsa-Panjnad (TP) link canal, is a 62 km long canal, which was designed to deal with water scarcity at Panjnad headworks by diverting water from Mighty River Indus to river Chenab for irrigation purposes. To predict the values of some water quality parameters along TP link canal during a simulation period of twelve weeks, a water quality model was developed through the implementation of HEC-RAS 5.0.6 software. Such numerical water quality model (HEC-RAS) was developed to imitate different water quality parameters like algae, dissolve oxygen (DO), carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD), organic nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, organic phosphorous and orthophosphate within the under-study reach of the TP link canal. Similarly, different sets of data were collected from previous studies for calibration & validation purposes of the model. The HEC-RAS software can be considered as a powerful tool to maintain the water quality of any water body as according to this study it delivers a successful and energy-efficient solution in water quality monitoring phenomena and if deviation of water quality parameters occurs, it also serves as an alarm for a remote user.
Combining PTH(1-34) and mechanical loading has increased benefit to tibia bone mechanics in ovariectomised mice
Authors: Roberts Bryant C , Cheong Vee San , Oliviero Sara , Carrera Hector M Arredondo , Wang Ning , Gartland Alison , Dall’Ara Enrico 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Combined treatment with PTH(1-34) and mechanical loading confers increased structural benefits to bone. However, it remains unclear how this longitudinal adaptation affects the bone mechanics. This study quantified the individual and combined longitudinal effects of PTH(1-34) and loading on micro-finite element (microFE) model estimates of tibia stiffness and strength in ovariectomised mice. C57BL/6 mice were ovariectomised at 14-weeks-old and treated either with injections of PTH(1-34), compressive tibia loading or both interventions concurrently. Right tibiae were in vivo microCT-scanned every two weeks from 14 until 24-weeks-old. MicroCT images were rigidly registered to reference tibia and the cortical organ (whole bone) and tissue-level (midshaft) morphometric properties and bone mineral content were quantified. MicroCT images were converted into voxel-based homogeneous, linear elastic microFE models to quantify bone stiffness and strength under uniaxial compression in vivo. Both stiffness and strength were higher with co-treatment than with individual therapies, consistent with increased benefits with the tibia bone mineral content and cortical area – properties strongly associated with the tibia mechanics. To our knowledge, this is the first study to longitudinally assess the mechanical effects of two bone anabolics, PTH(1-34) and tibia loading, in a mouse model of osteoporosis.
Is Africa Rising? A comparative analysis on selected African and East Asian countries
Authors: Asmare Tigist Zelalem 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper tries to prove whether Africa is rising. To achieve our objective we used simple statistics like averages, multiples (folds), the catching up index to compare Africa's trends of economic growth relative to East Asian countries. We found in bold that Africa is not rising rather swinging back and forth. The total share of Africa from the world population is growing while its share from world GDP is declining over time. This means there is a lower tendency of improving the well-being of society. In 1960 SSA countries had a 2.26 percent share of world GDP. This figure declines to 2.18 percent in 2019. However, in East Asia and the pacific excluding high-income countries which have nearly the same GDP share in 1960, it increased to 16.9 percent in 2019 while its population share fall from 29.5 percent in 1960 to 27.3 percent in 2019. The catching up index shows no evidence of convergence in African countries and no falling back in East Asian countries. East Asian countries excluding high-income countries were able to increase their GDP and GDP per capita by over 62 and 23 folds between 1960 and 2019. Their GDP per person employed increased by 6 fold from 1991 to 2019. While SSA countries have only increased GDP by 7 fold, GDP per capita by 49 percent, and GDP per person employed by 35 percent over the same period time.
Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Analysis of the Activity of Cefquinome when used to treat Streptococcus agalactiae in a Murine Mastitis Model
Authors: Yang Qingwen , Zhang Chenghuan , Liu Xuesong , Zhang Longfei , Zhang Chuanshi , Yong Kang , Lv Qian , Feng Wanyu , Chen Liang , Liu Yun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Cefquinome is a new generation of cephalosporins for animals. It has an excellent effect on the treatment of mastitis in animals. We evaluated the associations between the specific pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) of cefquinome and its antibacterial activity against Streptococcus agalactiae in a mouse model of mastitis. After a single dose of intramammary administration of cefquinome[Concentrations: 30, 60, 120, and 240 μg/mammary gland(MG)], the concentration of cefquinome in plasma was analysed via liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS–MS). PK parameters were calculated using a one-compartment first-order absorption model. Antibacterial activity was defined as the maximum change in the S. agalactiae population after each dose. Then, an inhibitory sigmoid Emax model was employed for evaluating the relationships between PK/PD index values and antibacterial effects.Results: The duration for which the concentration of the antibiotic (%T) remained above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was the optimal PK/PD index for assessing antibacterial activity. The values of %T > MIC to reach 0.5-log10 CFU/MG reduction, 1-log10 CFU/MG reduction, and 2-log10 CFU/MG reduction were 31, 47, and 81%, respectively.Conclusions: These findings provide a valuable basis for optimising dosage regimens when using cefquinome to treat S. agalactiae infections.