bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of intestinal flora between rare wild red-crowned crane and white-naped crane
Authors: Gao Zhongsi , Song Hongwei , Dong Haiyan , Ji Xiaolong , Lei Zefeng , Tian Ye , Wu Yining , Zou Hongfei 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionAnimal intestines are extremely rich in microbial ecosystems. Numerous studies in different fields, such as epidemiology and histology, have revealed that gut microorganisms considerably mediate the survival and reproduction of animals. However, gut microbiology studies of homogeneously distributed wild cranes are still rare. This study aimed to understand the structural composition of the gut microbial community of wild cranes and elucidate the potential roles of the microorganisms.MethodsWe used high-throughput sequencing to analyze the gut microbial community structure of wild cranes in the Zhalong Nature Reserve.ResultsA total of 1,965,683 valid tags and 5248 OTUs were obtained from 32 fecal samples. Twenty-six bacteria phyla and 523 genera were annotated from the intestinal tract of the red-crowned crane. Twenty-five bacteria phyla and 625 genera were annotated from the intestine of the white-naped crane. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes are the dominant bacterial phyla in the intestinal tract of red-crowned cranes, while Catellicoccus, Lactobacillus, Neisseria, and Streptococcus were the dominant genera. The dominant bacterial phyla in the intestinal tract of white-naped cranes were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Epsilonbacteraeota, Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteria. However, the dominant genera were Catellicoccus, Lactobacillus, Neisseria, Campylobacter, Streptococcus, Anaerobiospirillum, Romboutsia, Turicibacter, Haemophilus, and Lautropia. Firmicutes had significantly higher relative abundance in the intestine of the red-crowned than white-naped cranes (P &lt; 0.05). However, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes was significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) in the intestines of white-naped than red-crowned cranes. The diversity of the intestinal flora between the two crane species was significantly different (P &lt; 0.05). Besides, the alpha diversity of the intestinal flora was higher for white-naped than red-crowned cranes. Eight of the 41 functional pathways differed in the gut of both crane species (P &lt; 0.05).DiscussionBoth species live in the same area and have similar feeding and behavioral characteristics. Therefore, host differences are possibly the main factors influencing the structural and functional differences in the composition of the gut microbial community. This study provides important reference data for constructing a crane gut microbial assessment system. The findings have implications for studying deeper relationships between crane gut microbes and genetics, nutrition, immunity, and disease.
CNS inflammatory demyelinating events after COVID-19 vaccines: A case series and systematic review
Authors: Rinaldi Virginia , Bellucci Gianmarco , Buscarinu Maria Chiara , Reniè Roberta , Marrone Antonio , Nasello Martina , Zancan Valeria , Nistri Riccardo , Palumbo Roberto , Salerno Antonio , Salvetti Marco , Ristori Giovanni 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundVaccinations provided the most effective tool to fight the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. It is now well established that COVID-19 vaccines are safe for the general population; however, some cases of rare adverse events following immunization have been described, including CNS Inflammatory Demyelinating Events (CIDEs). Although observational studies are showing that these events are rare and vaccines' benefits highly outweigh the risks, collecting and characterizing post-COVID-19 vaccine CIDEs might be relevant to single out potential risk factors and suggest possible underlying mechanisms.MethodsHere we describe six CIDEs, including two acute transverse myelitis (ATM), three multiple sclerosis (MS), and one neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), occurring between 8 and 35 days from a COVID-19 vaccine. Moreover, we performed a systematic literature search of post-COVID-19 vaccines CIDEs, including ATM, ADEM, MS, and NMOSD/MOGAD, published worldwide between December 2020 and December 2021, during 1 year of the vaccination campaign. Clinical/MRI and CSF/serum characteristics were extracted from reviewed studies and pooled-analyzed.ResultsForty-nine studies were included in the systematic review, reporting a total amount of 85 CIDEs. Considering our additional six cases, 91 CIDEs were summarized, including 24 ATM, 11 ADEM, 47 MS, and nine NMOSD/MOGAD. Overall, CIDEs occurred after both mRNA (n = 46), adenoviral-vectored (n = 37), and inactivated vaccines (n = 8). Adenoviral-vectored vaccines accounted for the majority of ADEM (55%) and NMOSD/MOGAD (56%), while mRNA vaccines were more frequent in MS new diagnoses (87%) and relapses (56%). Age was heterogeneous (19–88) and the female sex was prevalent. Time from vaccine to symptoms onset was notably variable: ADEM and NMOSD/MOGAD had a longer median time of onset (12.5 and 10 days) compared to ATM and MS (6 and 7 days) and further timing differences were observed between events following different vaccine types, with ATM and MS after mRNA-vaccines occurring earlier than those following adenoviral-vectored ones.ConclusionBoth the prevalence of vaccine types for certain CIDEs and the heterogeneity in time of onset suggest that different mechanisms—with distinct dynamic/kinetic—might underly these events. While epidemiological studies have assessed the safety of COVID-19 vaccines, descriptions and pooled analyses of sporadic cases may still be valuable to gain insights into CIDE's pathophysiology.
Genetic insights into the risk of snoring on stroke and ischemic stroke: A single-variable and multivariable Mendelian randomization
Authors: He Qiang , Ren Li , Li Hao , Wang Wenjing , Tao Chuanyuan , Ma Lu , You Chao 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundMultiple risk factors of stroke have been identified in previous studies; however, the causal role of snoring in the onset of stroke is less investigated. To clarify the causal association of snoring on stroke and its subtypes, this study is performed.MethodsThe single nucleotide polymorphisms in relation to snoring were retrieved from the UK biobank cohort with 408,317 participants. The data for stroke and its subtypes of European ancestry (67,162 cases and 453,702 controls) were obtained from the MEGASTROKE consortium. In single-variable Mendelian randomization (SVMR) and multivariable MR (MVMR) analyses, inverse variance weighting was used as the primary estimate, complemented with sensitivity analyses more robust to pleiotropy.ResultsGenetically predicted snoring increased the risk of stroke (odds ratio [OR] = 2.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.19–6.08, P = 0.016) and ischemic stroke (IS) (OR = 2.82, 95% CI = 1.23–6.44, P = 0.013), but not large artery stroke (LAS) (OR = 3.02, 95% CI = 0.31–29.44, P = 0.339), cardioembolic stroke (CES) (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 0.58–3.92, P = 0.395). We provide novel genetic evidence that snoring increases the risk of stroke and IS, but not LAS, CES, and SVS.ConclusionOur findings provide novel genetic evidence that snoring increases the risk of stroke and IS, but not LAS, CES, and SVS.
Coiling followed by staged flow diversion for large and giant intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Lv Nan , Ma Hongyu , Zhou Yu , Li Zhiqing , Zeng Yiyong , Li Qiang , Zhao Rui , Fang Yibin , Yang Pengfei , Huang Qinghai , Hong Bo , Xu Yi , Lin Zhiqing , Liu Jianmin 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveDelayed aneurysm rupture is a fatal complication after flow diversion treatment for large and giant intracranial aneurysms. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and safety of coiling first and followed by planned flow diversion to prevent delayed aneurysm rupture.MethodsFrom January 2017 to December 2021 in two institutions, patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms treated by coiling first and planned flow diversion were retrospectively collected. Data on demographic and aneurysmal characteristics, procedural details, and clinical and angiographic outcomes were reviewed.ResultsThirty patients were included (7 Males and 23 Females; Median age 57 years). Aneurysmal size ranged from 11.8 to 26.8 mm, with a median value of 18.5 mm. All aneurysms were located within the intradural segment of internal carotid arteries. Coiling and planned flow diversion were successfully performed in all patients. The time interval between coiling and flow diversion was 3.9–6.7 weeks, with a median value of 5.2 weeks. No hemorrhagic or ischemic complications occurred during the procedures and follow-up. Complete or subtotal occlusion was achieved in 86.7% (26/30) at the last angiographic follow-up (median 6.7 months).ConclusionThe preliminary data suggested that coiling unruptured intracranial aneurysms followed by planned flow diversion is both safe and effective. Further studies with larger cohorts are needed to verify the effect of this new strategy in preventing delayed rupture after flow diversion.
Alterations of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in end-stage renal disease on maintenance dialysis: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis
Authors: Cao Huiling , Lin Feng , Ke Ben , Song Jianling , Xue Yuting , Fang Xiangdong , Zeng Erming 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundCognitive impairment (CI) is a common complication of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Many resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) studies have identified abnormal spontaneous low-frequency brain activity in ESRD dialysis patients. However, these studies have reported inconsistent results. So far, no meta-analyses on this topic have been published. This meta-analysis aimed to identify the more consistently vulnerable brain regions in ESRD patients at rest and to reveal its possible neuropathophysiological mechanisms.MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Medline, and EMBASE databases up to July 20, 2022 based on the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) or fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF). Brain regions with abnormal spontaneous neural activity in ESRD compared to healthy controls (HCs) from previous studies were integrated and analyzed using an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) method. Jackknife sensitivity analysis was carried out to assess the reproducibility of the results.ResultsIn total, 11 studies (380 patients and 351 HCs) were included in the final analysis. According to the results of the meta-analysis, compared with HCs, ESRD patients had decreased ALFF/fALFF in the right precuneus, right cuneus, and left superior temporal gyrus (STG), while no brain regions with increased brain activity were identified. Jackknife sensitivity analysis showed that our results were highly reliable.ConclusionCompared to HCs, ESRD dialysis patients exhibit significant abnormalities in spontaneous neural activity associated with CI, occurring primarily in the default mode network, visual recognition network (VRN), and executive control network (ECN). This contributes to the understanding of its pathophysiological mechanisms.Systematic review registration[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/], identifier [CRD42022348694].
Secular trends of the prevalence of emaciation, overweight, and obesity among school-aged children in Yunnan province, 1985–2019: A serial cross-sectional surveillance study in China
Authors: Yang Yunjuan , Dai Jing , Huang Songquan , Li Tunan , Song Zhizhong , Zha Shun , Ma Chengpeng , Chang Litao , Zhang Song , Liu Hong , Wei Diexin , Yang Fan , Dai Limei , Tang Min , Zhang Xue , Liu Yang , Kang Jiming 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveTo understand the trends of nutrition in children and adolescents, which may further help to prevent and control chronic diseases in younger ages.MethodsThe Chinese National Surveys on Students' Constitution and Health (CNSSCH) in Yunnan is a survey of growth conditions, physical fitness, and health status of students in Yunnan and uses a series of complex multistage stratified sampling of seven prefectures consisting of 16 counties. Sampling schools were held constant over 35 years. The participants were randomly selected among 7–18 aged students. We used data from 1985, 1991, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2014, and 2019 CNSSCH of Yunnan. According to body mass index (BMI) criteria of National Working Group for Obesity in China (WGOC-BMI criteria), a participant's nutrition (emaciation, overweight or obesity) was defined. This study is based on survey data from 129,520 participants in 1985 (n = 14,683), 1991 (n = 4,894), 1995 (n = 6,673), 2000 (n = 9,751), 2005 (n = 23,461), 2010 (n = 22,889), 2014 (n = 23,003) and 2019 (24,166).ResultsSince 1985, the trends of emaciation over 35 years were decreasing. Regardless of gender, area, and age, the prevalence of obesity and overweight were increased. The average annual growth rate of overweight and obesity was quicker in rural areas and boys than in urban areas and girls. In Yunnan, emaciation, overweight, and obesity disparity in children were common phenomena, with differences in areas and gender.ConclusionChildren in Yunnan faced the triple burden of malnutrition (emaciation, overweight, and obesity). We should take comprehensive policies and effective intervention measures to decrease the rate of nutrition deficiencies in school-aged children.
Muscle loss 6 months after surgery predicts poor survival of patients with non-metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhang Liang , Guan Junjie , Ding Chao , Feng Min , Gong Longbo , Guan Wenxian 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundMuscle loss is a common characteristic of cancer-related malnutrition and a predictor of poorer prognosis in oncological patients. This study evaluated the association between altered body composition 6 months after surgery and the prognosis in patients with non-metastatic colorectal cancer.Materials and methodsA total of 314 patients who underwent elective curative surgery were enrolled in the study. The third lumbar CT images on preoperative and 6-months postoperative were collected to calculate the skeletal muscle index (SMI), visceral adiposity index (VATI), and subcutaneous adiposity index (SATI). Sarcopenia was defined by the cut-off values reported in the literature, and risk factors affecting overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in CRC were analyzed using Cox regression models.ResultsEighty-two of 314 patients (26.1%) with CRC were diagnosed with sarcopenia before surgery, the preoperative sarcopenia was not significantly associated with the prognosis of CRC patients. There were significant differences in frequency of complications between patient groups according to sarcopenia (41.5 vs. 21.4%, p = 0.004). The Postoperative LOS (11.21 ± 3.04 vs. 8.92 ± 2.84, p &lt; 0.001) was longer in the sarcopenia group than in the non-sarcopenia group, and 30-d readmission (24.4 vs. 6.0%, p &lt; 0.001) was higher in the sarcopenia group compared to the non-sarcopenia group. In multivariate analysis, 6-months SMI loss &gt; 10% after surgery was independently associated with poorer OS [hazard ratio (HR) = 3.74; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.96 to 7.12; P &lt; 0.001] and DFS (HR = 3.33; 95% CI, 1.71 to 6.47; P &lt; 0.001). SMI changes were moderately correlated with changes in body mass index (BMI) (R = 0.47, P &lt; 0.001).Conclusion6-months muscle loss after surgery may affect overall and disease-free survival and was an independent predictor of prognosis in patients with CRC.
Omega 3 supplementation reduces C-reactive protein, prostaglandin E2 and the granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio in heavy smokers: An open-label randomized crossover trial
Authors: Elisia Ingrid , Yeung Michelle , Kowalski Sara , Wong Jennifer , Rafiei Hossein , Dyer Roger A. , Atkar-Khattra Sukhinder , Lam Stephen , Krystal Gerald 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesGiven the current controversy concerning the efficacy of omega 3 supplements at reducing inflammation, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of omega 3 on reducing inflammation in people with a 6-year lung cancer risk &gt;1.5% and a C reactive protein (CRP) level &gt;2 mg/L in a phase IIa cross-over study.Materials and methodsForty-nine healthy participants ages 55 to 80, who were still smoking or had smoked in the past with ≥30 pack-years smoking history, living in British Columbia, Canada, were randomized in an open-label trial to receive 2.4 g eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + 1.2 g docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/day for 6 months followed by observation for 6 months or observation for 6 months first and then active treatment for the next 6 months. Blood samples were collected over 1 year for measurement of plasma CRP, plasma and red blood cell (RBC) membrane levels of EPA, DHA and other fatty acids, Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and an inflammatory marker panel.ResultsTwenty one participants who began the trial within the active arm completed the trial while 20 participants who started in the control arm completed the study. Taking omega 3 resulted in a significant decrease in plasma CRP and PGE2 but not LTB4 levels. Importantly, the effect size for the primary outcome, CRP values, at the end of the intervention relative to baseline was medium (Cohen's d = 0.56). DHA, but not EPA levels in RBC membranes inversely correlated with PGE2 levels. Omega 3 also led to a significant reduction in granulocytes and an increase in lymphocytes. These high-dose omega 3 supplements were well tolerated, with only minor gastrointestinal symptoms in a subset of participants.ConclusionOmega 3 fatty acids taken at 3.6 g/day significantly reduce systemic inflammation with negligible adverse health effects in people who smoke or have smoked and are at high risk of lung cancer.ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT number: NCT03936621.
The effects of polyphenols against oxidative stress in Caenorhabditis elegans are determined by coexisting bacteria
Authors: Ayuda-Durán Begoña , Sánchez-Hernández Eva , González-Manzano Susana , Santos-Buelga Celestino , González-Paramás Ana M. 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionIncreasing evidence supports the role of gut microbiota in many aspects of human health, including immune, metabolic and neurobehavioral traits. Several studies have focused on how different components of the diet, such as polyphenols, can modulate the composition and function of the gut microbiota leading to health benefits.MethodsThe effects on the resistance against thermally induced oxidative stress of C. elegans grown in the presence of flavonoids (quercetin or epicatechin) and fed different probiotic strains, namely Lactobacillus plantarum CLC17, Bifidobacterium longum NCIMB 8809 and Enterococcus faecium CECT 410, were explored.ResultsFeeding C. elegans with the assayed bacteria in the absence of flavonoids did not significantly affect body size and fertility of the worms neither improve their resistance against oxidative stress compared to E. coli controls. However, increased resistance to stress was found when C. elegans was cultivated in the presence of both L. plantarum and flavonoids, but not with B. longum or E. faecium. An exploratory study revealed the presence of glycosylated and sulfated metabolites together with the aglycone in worms treated with quercetin and fed any of the different assayed LAB strains. However, in the assays with epicatechin a differential metabolite, tentatively identified as 5-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone 3′-O-glucoside, was detected in the worms fed L. plantarum but not with the other bacteria.ConclusionThe obtained results indicated that the interactions bacteria/polyphenol play a key role in the effects produced in C. elegans regarding resistance against oxidative stress, although those effects cannot be only explained by the ability of bacteria to metabolize polyphenols, but other mechanisms should also be involved.
Dietary changes among pregnant individuals compared to pre-pandemic: A cross-sectional analysis of the Pregnancy during the COVID-19 Pandemic (PdP) study
Authors: Vaghef-Mehrabani Elnaz , Wang Yanan , Zinman Julia , Beharaj Greis , van de Wouw Marcel , Lebel Catherine , Tomfohr-Madsen Lianne , Giesbrecht Gerald F. 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionDietary changes are common in pregnancy and may affect pregnancy outcomes, yet these changes and the associated contributory factors during the COVID-19 pandemic have been understudied. We aimed to investigate the association between dietary change and socioeconomic variables, pre-pregnancy BMI, and mental health symptoms; the change in intake of seven food categories and their reasons; and the association between intake of these food categories and mental health symptoms.Materials and methodsIn this cross-sectional analysis, we used data from the Pregnancy during the COVID-19 Pandemic (PdP) cohort study that collected data from pregnant Canadian individuals (n = 9,870, gestational age ≤ 35 weeks) on socioeconomic factors, pandemic-related hardships, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), dietary changes compared to pre-pandemic and the reasons for these changes. We assessed depressive and anxiety symptoms using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-Anxiety, respectively.Results54.3% of the participants reported a change in their diet. Non-white ethnicity (OR = 1.33), job loss (OR = 1.29), clinically elevated depressive and anxiety symptoms (OR = 1.26 and 1.14, respectively), self-isolation (OR = 1.20), pre-pregnancy BMI (OR = 1.19), fear of COVID-19 (OR = 1.15), and pandemic phase at enrolment (OR = 0.90) significantly predicted dietary change. Most participants ate about the same amounts of dairy, meats and canned foods/dried goods as pre-pandemic (61.5, 61.7, and 60.2%, respectively), increased their intake of fresh vegetables/fruits and sweets/snacks (43.2 and 54.5%, respectively), and decreased fast-food and take-out/home delivery (53.2 and 43.1%, respectively). Changes in consumption of the food categories had a curvilinear association with mental health symptoms (except resilience) indicating greater symptoms with either decreased or increased intakes. Changes in craving, having more time for cooking/preparing foods, and being unable to go grocery shopping frequently (but not reduced affordability) were the main reasons driving these dietary changes.ConclusionSome factors increase the odds of dietary change among pregnant individuals during the pandemic, with some changes toward a healthy and others toward an unhealthy diet. Given the importance of a healthy diet during gestation, identifying the risk and protective factors might be the first essential step in reducing the detrimental effects of unfavorable dietary changes during the pandemic on this vulnerable population.