bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loneliness and suicide risks in the general population in Taiwan
Authors: Hung Wei-Chieh , Wu Chia-Yi , Lee Ming-Been , Chan Chia-Ta , Chen Chun-Ying 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose Loneliness is a critical issue afflicting the general population. Current evidence from nationwide surveys of loneliness is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of loneliness in representative surveys across Taiwan.Methods Four annual telephone interview surveys were performed by the Taiwan Suicide Prevention Center in 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2020. Each yearly sample was randomly selected by stratifying the general public over 15 years old in different geographical areas. Participants completed a single-item loneliness screening question and a set of instruments assessing socio-demographic and psychological distress (5-item Brief Symptom Rating Scale), as well as suicide risk (9-item Concise Mental Health Checklist). All the survey data were integrated for analysis.Results In total, 8460 participants (49.4% males) were recruited. Gender, age, job, education, and marital status in the four-year distributions were similar. The average prevalence of loneliness was 12.6%. Loneliness was associated with psychological distress (e.g., insomnia and depression) and suicide risks, being positively correlated with two suicide risk factors, “alcohol/drug abuse” and “no one trustworthy to talk to”, and negatively correlated with self-rated health variables. The odds of loneliness for lifetime suicidal ideation, lifetime suicide attempt, and future suicide intent were 4.9, 5.1, and 9.2, respectively. Conclusion The study highlighted key suicide-related variables of loneliness, particularly the role of future suicide intention, substance use, perceived health, and lack of trusting relationships. Promoting self-perceived health conditions and understanding suicidal ideation over lack of trusting relationships among the general public may reduce feelings of loneliness.
Physical-Model Guided Self-Distillation Network for Single Image Dehazing
Authors: Lan Yunwei , Cui Zhigao , Su Yanzhao , Wang Nian , Li Aihua 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Image dehazing, as a key prerequisite of high-level computer vision tasks, has gained extensive attention in recent years. Traditional model-based methods acquire dehazed images via atmospheric scattering model, which dehaze favorably but often cause artifacts due to the error of parameter estimation. By contrast, recent model-free methods directly restore dehazed images by building an end-to-end network, which achieve better color fidelity. To combine the merits of these two methods, we propose a physical-model guided self-distillation network for single image dehazing. Specially, we add three early-exit branches on a deep feature extraction network constructed with four attention guided feature extraction blocks to obtain both of model-based dehazed images and model-free dehazed images. Moreover, we propose a two-stage training optimization strategy to combine the features of these intermediate dehazed images, and adopt self-distillation to transfer the features from the deeper layers (perform as teacher) to shallow early-exit branches (perform as student). Experimental results on both synthetic and real-world images demonstrate that the proposed method achieves better dehazing effect when compared with state-of-the-art methods.
Status and progress of Icotinib in treatment of EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Xingwen , Huang Junhao , Zhou Tao 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Lung cancer has a high incidence and mortality worldwide. Among them, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for the majority. In terms of treatment, targeted therapy is a more effective option for NSCLC patients with genetic mutations when compared with chemotherapy. Currently, there are a number of targeted drugs targeting different mutations in NSCLC on the market, among which, icotinib (Conmona®) is an oral small molecule epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI). It’s approved as first-line treatment for locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC patients with EGFR-mutant, for monotherapy to treat locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after the failure of at least one prior chemotherapy regimen (primarily platinum-based combination chemotherapy) and approved as postoperative adjuvent therapy for stage Ⅱ-ⅢA NSCLC with EGFR-mutant in China. What’s more, there are many other usages and further clinical trials are underway. Here, we review the status and progress of icotinib in the treatment of EGFR-mutant NSCLC.
The prognostic role of the immunohistochemical expression of S100 in meningiomas
Authors: Behling Felix , Fodi Christina , Skardelly Marco , Paulsen Frank , Tabatabai Ghazaleh , Honegger Jürgen , Tatagiba Marcos , Schittenhelm Jens 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background:Despite best clinical management meningioma patients experience tumor recurrence. Efforts have been made to improve the prognostic stratification of meningiomas. Recently a multi-faceted molecular classification suggested that the marker S100 is associated with a favorable outcome, making a further analysis is a larger cohort interesting. Material and Methods:The immunohistochemical staining for S100 was analyzed in 1669 paraffin-embedded meningioma samples. The distribution and association with clinical data and progression-free survival via radiographic tumor recurrence were assessed. Results:Of 1669 cases 218 tumors showed strong S100 expression (13.1%). A significantly higher frequency of S100 positive meningiomas was observed in meningiomas of female patients, tumors with spinal and convexity/falx location, primary tumor surgery, NF2, higher extent of resection, lower WHO CNS grade, adjuvant radiotherapy and recurrence-free tumors during follow-up. Univariate analysis revealed a favorable progression-free survival for meningiomas with S100 expression (p=0.0059) but not in the multivariate analysis. Higher S100 frequency was independently associated with female gender (p=0.0003), NF2 (p<0.0001), tumor location (p<0.0001) and lower WHO CNS grade (p=0.0133).Conclusions:The positive prognostic impact of S100 is mostly attributed to the confounding clinical factors gender, tumor location, NF2 status and WHO CNS grade.
A Polyclonal Antibody Dosing Strategy to Reduce the Viral Load of Multiple Coronavirus Mutants in COVID-19 Patients with Pneumonia
Authors: Kompella Rohini , Patil Madhoosudan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose Monoclonal antibodies target a single epitope or region in an antigen for therapeutic purposes. Given the highly mutant nature of SARS-COV-2 or coronavirus, it is likely that a cocktail of antibodies or a polyclonal antibody targeting multiple regions of the virus might be more beneficial in treating COVID-19. The purpose of this project, based on the reported clinical evaluation of XAV-19 polyclonal antibody in pneumonia patients, is to develop a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) model to explain the relationship between drug concentrations and reduction in the nasopharyngeal viral load. Methods: The concentration of the drug in a time course was related to the effect at each time point to determine the PK-PD relationship. Using Berkeley-Madonna, a PK-PD mathematical model including a central serum compartment, a peripheral effect compartment, and an Emax model for drug effects was developed to explain the observed drug concentrations and effects. Using published EC50 concentrations for XAV-19 and various variants of SARS-CoV-2, the time course of drug effect was predicted for the virus variants including D614G, alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. Results: The results indicated a counterclockwise hysteresis loop for the PK-PD relationship, suggesting lower effects at the same concentration initially, followed by greater effects at the same concentration later. This is consistent with separation of the effect compartment from the serum compartment, where concentrations are measured. The model explained the observed data well. Conclusion: The PK-PD model is useful in predicting dose-response relationships for the new polyclonal antibody. Further, it can be extended to other emerging variants of the coronavirus.
Raw Milk Components and Amino Acid Profiles Considerably Vary among Different Crossbred Dairy Buffaloes
Authors: Islam Md Zakirul , Rahman S. M. Rajiur , Meenongyai Watcharawit , Hasan Md. Sayed , Khandakar Md. Mehedi Hasan , Siddiki Mohammad Shohel Rana , Islam Md. Nurul , Harun-ur-Rashid Md. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to assess the relationship between milk components and amino acid (AA) profiles among different crossbred buffaloes in Bangladesh. A total of thirty-six (36) lactating buffaloes were selected from Murrah, Nili-Ravi, and Mehsana crossbreds, and 03 groups were made, each with 12 buffaloes. The total experimental period was 10 weeks, including 10 days of diet adjustment. The results revealed that milk protein and total solids contents of Murrah, Mehsana, and Nili-Ravi crossbred buffaloes showed a higher to lower trend (p < 0.05). Considerable variations of milk protein, fat, lactose, and total solids contents were observed among Murrah, Nili-Ravi, and Mehsana crossbred buffalo. The highest amount of amino acid was Glutamic acid (0.9-1.00 g/100 g of milk), and the trace amount of amino acid was Cysteine (0.02–0.05 g/100 g of milk) among all the milk samples. The most prevalent essential amino acids were Leucine, Lysine, and Phenylalanine, whereas the most prevalent non-essential amino acids were Glutamic acid, Proline, Asparagine, and Serine. Lysine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Phenylalanine, Cysteine, and Histidine concentrations differed significantly (p < 0.05) at the same time as the other 11 AA concentrations were found non-significant (p > 0.05). The highest Lysine: Methionine ratio observed in Murrah buffalo is about 3.20%, while in Mehsana and Nili-Ravi buffalo is about 2.80 and 2.50%, respectively. Thus, it is evident from the study that the raw milk components and amino acid composition vary considerably in the different crossbred lactating buffaloes. Finally, the compositional data of raw milk may create the way of sustainable use of milk from crossbred dairy buffaloes and improve food and nutrition security, particularly in developing countries.
Chemo assists for children mobile health application to manage symptoms of chemotherapy in acute leukemia in Indonesia: A user-centered design approach
Authors: Novrianda Dwi , Herini Elisabeth Siti , Haryanti Fitri , Supriyadi Eddy , Lazuardi Lutfan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: The mobile health (mHealth) application encourages parents and pediatric patients to be involved in caring for their child's health condition by providing the ability to actively identify and manage chemotherapy-induced symptoms in their child. Several monitoring systems available today are diverse in features and system basis. This study aimed to develop and trial the Chemo Assists for Children (CAC) mHealth application for symptom management due to chemotherapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).Methods: In this study, the development of the CAC application went through four phases. The initial phase was conducting a literature study for application content. The application design phase involved five experts in validating application content. In the implementation phase, the application was piloted on ten parents with ALL children undergoing chemotherapy at two teaching hospitals in Indonesia. According to the test results, the CAC application was improved at the evaluation stage. The data were obtained descriptively from the validation and application testing using the average and total item scores.Results: Phase 1 obtained 17 reference sources in textbooks and research journal articles to design the mHealth application content. Phase 2 received the value of the content validity of all statements was 0.96, which means that the application material is declared valid. In phase 3, the average total usability test score was 4.28. Finally, an evaluation phase was applied continuously to produce an accurate, accessible, and appropriate application for users.Conclusions: The CAC mHealth application developed can meet the needs of technology users to identify symptoms and manage symptoms due to chemotherapy in children with ALL. The CAC mHealth application can accommodate data not recorded at out-of-hospital care, increase the independence of symptom management, and improve communication between parents of children with ALL and health workers.
Knowledge and ability of early childhood teachers in delivering career guidance for preschooler
Authors: Anesty Esya , Fatihaturrosyidah Fatihaturrosyidah , Putra Jeni 
Published: June 2022

The level of knowledge and ability of teachers in delivering career guidance is very influential on the child's self-development process, especially in the aspects of career orientation and career attainment. In this regard, this study aims to identify the knowledge and ability of early childhood education teachers in delivering career guidance for preschoolers. By using a descriptive method, data were collected using observation techniques and a self-report questionnaire, from 12 early childhood teachers in Serang City, Banten, Indonesia. The results showed that the level of knowledge and ability of early childhood education teachers in delivering career guidance services may be described in five areas: (1) needs assessment: analyzing student needs for guidance and counseling services; (2) program development: preparing the guidance and counseling service programs; (3) selecting methods/techniques/strategies: creating the most prospective guidance and counseling methods/techniques/strategies and conducting step by step of guidance activities based on selected method; (4) content development: designing guidance and counseling materials; and (5) accountability: evaluating the guidance and counseling service activities. Howeverm the adequate level of knowledge and ability at expert level was not found in any of these areas, adequate level of knowledge and ability at moderate level was found in areas (3) and (4), while inadequate level of knowledge and ability at novice level was in areas (1), (2), and (5). As a consequence, policy makers, school principals, early childhood educators, or children counselors should be more paying attention to these issues.
Computer Aided Diagnostic System for Blood Cells in Smear Images Using Texture Features and Supervised Machine Learning
Authors: Wady Shakhawan Hares 
Published: June 2022

Identification and diagnosis of leukemia earlier is a contentious issue in therapeutic diagnostics for reducing the rate of death among people with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). The investigation of White Blood Cells (WBCs) is essential for the detection of ALL-leukaemia cells, for which blood smear images were being used. This study created an intelligent framework for identifying healthy blood cells from leukemic blood cells in blood smear images. The framework combines the features extracted by Center Symmetric Local Binary Pattern (CSLBP), Gabor Wavelet Transform (GWT), and Local Gradient Increasing Pattern (LGIP), the data was then fed into machine learning classifiers including Decision Tree (DT), Ensemble, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Naïve Bayes (NB), and Random Forest (RF)). As the training set, the ALL-IDB2 database was utilized to create a balanced database with 260 blood smear images. Consequently, to generate the optimum feature set, a recommended model was established by using numerous individual and combined feature extraction methodologies. The investigational consequences demonstrate that the developed feature fusion strategy surpassed previous existing techniques, with an overall accuracy of 97.49 ± 1.02% utilizing Ensemble classifier.
Volumetric analysis on computed tomography Angiography in the management of thoracic aortic dissection in case of seven years follow-up period
Authors: Kobelev E. , Shadanov A. A. , Sirota D. A. , Bergen T. A. , Pak N. T. , Chernyavskiy M. A. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose. To establish the methods for estimating the volume of the true and false aortic canals applying computed tomography angiography (CTA) to a clinical case with hybrid stent-graft thoracic aorta with distal stent-graftinduced new entry associated (d-SINE) in the long-term follow-up period in comparison with a widely used technique of measuring diameters of the aorta on different levels.Materials and methods. Sequential analysis of CTA in a 7-year follow-up was performed. Aorta was divided into 3 segments, in each segment total aortic volumes (AV), volume of the true canal (TC), and volume of functional lumen of the false canal (FLFC) were calculated. The following were mathematically calculated: volume of the false canal (FC) via difference in volume between AV and TC, volume of the thrombosed lumen of FC as the difference between FC and FLFC, the coefficient of FC thrombosis, the degree of stent-graft opening. Mathematical assessment of excess volume of the graft was performed.Results. Modelling of aortic cavity, evaluation of changes in the volumes of TC and FC during a long-term follow-up, analysis of the factors inducing the development of the d-SINE syndrome were performed. When comparing the volume of the graft and the volume of the implantation zone, an excess of 234% was found, while the opening of the graft was 80%. When using the reference method based on the diameter of the true lumen of the aorta, the excess was 22% during one-year follow-up period showing no changes subsequently.Conclusion. Potentially, the method of measuring volumes based on CTA results can be used to complement the generally accepted method based on measuring diameters, since it does not require additional financial resources and has the potential to estimate effectiveness of treatment and identify complications predictors in the postoperative period to determine indications for reoperation.
Magnetic resonance tractogtaphy: possibilities and limitations, modern approach to data processing
Authors: Nikogosova A. K. , Rostovtseva T. M. , Beregov M. M. , Gubskiy I. L. , Lelyuk V. G. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose: systematization of the knowledge about diffusion tensor magnetic resonance tomography; analysis of literature related to current limitations of this method and possibilities of overcoming these limitations.Materials and methods. We have analyzed 74 publications (6 Проанализировано 74 публикации (6 Russian, 68 foreign), published in the time period from 1986 to 2021years. More, than half of these articles were published in the last ten years, 19 studies-in the time period from 2016 to 2021years.Results. In this article we represent the physical basis of diffusion weighted techniques of magnetic resonance tomography, principles of obtaining diffusion weighted images and diffusion tensor, cover the specific features of the probabilistic and deterministic approaches of the diffusion tensor MRI data processing, describe methods of evaluation of the diffusion characteristics of tissues in clinical practice. Article provides a thorough introduction to the reasons of existing limitations of diffusion tensor MRI and systematization the main developed approaches of overcoming these limitations, such as multi-tensor model, high angular resolution diffusion imaging, diffusion kurtosis visualization. The article consistently reviews the stages of data processing of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance tomography (preprocessing, processing and post processing). We also describe the special aspects of the main approaches to the quantitative data analysis of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance tomography (such as analysis of the region of interest, analysis of the total data amount, quantitative tractography).Conclusion. Magnetic resonance tractography is a unique technique for noninvasive in vivo visualization of brain white matter tracts and assessment of the structural integrity of their constituent axons. In the meantime this technique, which has found applications in numerous pathologies of central nervous system, has a number of significant limitations, and the main of them are the inability to adequately visualize the crossing fibers and the relatively low reproducibility of the results. Standardization of the data postprocessing algorithms, further upgrading of the magnetic resonance scanners and implementation of the alternative tractography methods have the potential of partially reducing of the current limitations.
Contribution of analysis of perfusion iodine map’s to diagnostic of acute pulmonary thromboembolism
Authors: Oganesyan A. A. , Sinitsin V. E. , Mershina E. A. , Pershina E. S. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose: to study the contribution of perfusion iodine maps to diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) and compare pulmonary perfusion defects with the main imaging biomarkers of PE.Materials and methods. 130 patients with suspected acute pulmonary thromboembolism were studied using pulmonary computed tomographic angiography with perfusion iodine map`s analysis. Pulmonary embolism was revealed in 42 cases. There were evaluated: the number and level of vessel occlusion (Qanadli index), number and grades of lung perfusion defects on perfusion iodine maps (perfusion index), signs of right heart failure, changes of lung parenchyma.Results. Analysis of the data showed a strong correlation between the index Qanadli and perfusion index, rather than signs of right failure. In 3 cases, the segmental and subsegmential pulmonary embolism was revealed form the iodine map’s analysis only.Conclusion. Thus, perfusion iodine maps improve the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism due to characterizing the changes of pulmonary microcirculation. From our data, the iodine maps can be employed as a prognostic tool for further therapy.
Structural vizualisation of the pediatric hydrocephalus
Authors: Solozhentseva K. D. , Afandiev R. M. , Shevchenko K. V. , Pronin I. N. 
Published: June 2022

The aim of the study: to analyze the features of the classification and diagnosis of hydrocephalus in pediatric patients.Results. Hydrocephalus is a common pathology of the CSF system, often occurring in childhood. The central place in the examination of this group of patients is taken by new neuroimaging technologies, in particular, MRI. Pediatric patients have specific features regarding classification of hydrocephalus and MRI studies. This review presents the research protocol and modern classification of hydrocephalus in children.Conclusion. Examination of pediatric patients for hydrocephalus should be based on the estimated etiology. When conducting an MRI study, the protocol must include modern MRI sequences: FIESTA, T2-CUBE, phasecontrast MRI.