bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Auxiliary model‐based recursive least squares algorithm for two‐input single‐output Hammerstein output‐error moving average systems by using the hierarchical identification principle
Authors: Liu Jian , Ji Yan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article considers the parameter estimation problems of two‐input single‐output Hammerstein output‐error moving average systems. The system is decomposed into two subsystems based on the hierarchical principle. The first model is used to identify the linear parameters and the parameters of the unknown measurable information vector. The second model is for identifying non‐linear parameters. By using the auxiliary model, we introduce a forgetting factor to improve the parameter estimation accuracy. The auxiliary model‐based forgetting factor recursive least squares algorithm and the auxiliary model‐based forgetting factor multi‐innovation recursive least squares algorithm are presented. The simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithms are effective.
Galvanic Restructuring of Exsolved Nanoparticles for Plasmonic and Electrocatalytic Energy Conversion
Authors: Kang Xiaolan , Reinertsen Vilde Mari , Both Kevin Gregor , Galeckas Augustinas , Aarholt Thomas , Prytz Øystein , Norby Truls , Neagu Dragos , Chatzitakis Athanasios 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThere is a growing need to control and tune nanoparticles (NPs) to increase their stability and effectiveness, especially for photo‐ and electrochemical energy conversion applications. Exsolved particles are well anchored and can be re‐shaped without changing their initial location and structural arrangement. However, this usually involves lengthy treatments and use of toxic gases. Here, the galvanic replacement/deposition method is used, which is simpler, safer, and leads to a wealth of new hybrid nanostructures with a higher degree of tailorability. The produced NiAu bimetallic nanostructures supported on SrTiO3 display exceptional activity in plasmon‐assisted photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation reactions. In situ scanning transmission electron microscopy is used to visualize the structural evolution of the plasmonic bimetallic structures, while theoretical simulations provide mechanistic insight and correlate the surface plasmon resonance effects with structural features and enhanced PEC performance. The versatility of this concept in shifting catalytic modes to the hydrogen evolution reaction is demonstrated by preparing hybrid NiPt bimetallic NPs of low Pt loadings on highly reduced SrTiO3 supports. This powerful methodology enables the design of supported bimetallic nanomaterials with tunable morphology and catalytic functionalities through minimal engineering.
Antibiotic‐Loaded Amphiphilic Chitosan Nanoparticles Target Macrophages and Kill an Intracellular Pathogen
Authors: Trousil Jiří , Dal Nils‐Jørgen K. , Fenaroli Federico , Schlachet Inbar , Kubíčková Pavla , Janoušková Olga , Pavlova Ewa , Škorič Miša , Trejbalová Kateřina , Pavliš Oto , Sosnik Alejandro 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this work, levofloxacin (LVX), a third‐generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic, is encapsulated within amphiphilic polymeric nanoparticles of a chitosan‐g‐poly(methyl methacrylate) produced by self‐assembly and physically stabilized by ionotropic crosslinking with sodium tripolyphosphate. Non‐crosslinked nanoparticles display a size of 29 nm and a zeta‐potential of +36 mV, while the crosslinked counterparts display 45 nm and +24 mV, respectively. The cell compatibility, uptake, and intracellular trafficking are characterized in the murine alveolar macrophage cell line MH‐S and the human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS‐2B in vitro. Internalization events are detected after 10 min and the uptake is inhibited by several endocytosis inhibitors, indicating the involvement of complex endocytic pathways. In addition, the nanoparticles are detected in the lysosomal compartment. Then, the antibacterial efficacy of LVX‐loaded nanoformulations (50% w/w drug content) is assessed in MH‐S and BEAS‐2B cells infected with Staphylococcus aureus and the bacterial burden is decreased by 49% and 46%, respectively. In contrast, free LVX leads to a decrease of 8% and 5%, respectively, in the same infected cell lines. Finally, intravenous injection to a zebrafish larval model shows that the nanoparticles accumulate in macrophages and endothelium and demonstrate the promise of these amphiphilic nanoparticles to target intracellular infections.
Hollow Nanoboxes Cu2‐xS@ZnIn2S4 Core‐Shell S‐Scheme Heterojunction with Broad‐Spectrum Response and Enhanced Photothermal‐Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Wang Yichao , Liu Meijie , Wu Chunxu , Gao Jiapeng , Li Min , Xing Zipeng , Li Zhenzi , Zhou Wei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMajor issues in photocatalysis include improving charge carrier separation efficiency at the interface of semiconductor photocatalysts and rationally developing efficient hierarchical heterostructures. Surface continuous growth deposition is used to make hollow Cu2‐xS nanoboxes, and then simple hydrothermal reaction is used to make core‐shell Cu2‐xS@ZnIn2S4 S‐scheme heterojunctions. The photothermal and photocatalytic performance of Cu2‐xS@ZnIn2S4 is improved. In an experimental hydrogen production test, the Cu2‐xS@ZnIn2S4 photocatalyst produces 4653.43 µmol h−1 g−1 of hydrogen, which is 137.6 and 13.8 times higher than pure Cu2‐xS and ZnIn2S4, respectively. Furthermore, the photocatalyst exhibits a high tetracycline degradation efficiency in the water of up to 98.8%. For photocatalytic reactions, the hollow core‐shell configuration gives a large specific surface area and more reactive sites. The photocatalytic response range is broadened, infrared light absorption enhanced, the photothermal effect is outstanding, and the photocatalytic process is promoted. Meanwhile, characterizations, degradation studies, active species trapping investigations, energy band structure analysis, and theoretical calculations all reveal that the S‐scheme heterojunction can efficiently increase photogenerated carrier separation. This research opens up new possibilities for future S‐scheme heterojunction catalyst design and development.
Insertion of 3D DNA Origami Nanopores into Block Copolymer Vesicles
Authors: Groeer Saskia , Garni Martina , Samanta Avik , Walther Andreas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBlock copolymer‐based polymersomes are important building blocks for the bottom‐up design of protocells and are considered advantageous over liposomes due to their higher mechanical stability and chemical versatility. Endowing both types of vesicles with capabilities for transmembrane transport is important for creating nanoreactor functionality and has been achieved by insertion of protein nanopores, even into comparably thick polymersome membranes. Still, the design space for protein nanopores is limited and higher flexibility might be accessible by de novo design of DNA nanopores, which have thus far been limited largely to liposome systems. Here, we introduce the successful insertion of two different 3D DNA origami nanopores into PMOXA‐b‐PDMS‐b‐PMOXA polymersomes, and confirm pore formation by dye influx studies and microscopy. This research thus opens the further design space of this versatile class of large DNA origami nanopores for polymersome‐based functional protocells.
Methods of Bistatic GNSS-Radio Altimetry for Determining Height Profile of the Ocean and Their Experimental Verification
Authors: Lopatin Vladislav , Fateev Vyacheslav 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe current state of satellite altimetry development allows the use of altimetry data in determining the detailed characteristics of the Earth’s gravity field on the surface of the ocean in the form of models of geoid heights, deflection of vertical and gravity anomalies. The article presents the bistatic altimetry method based on the reflected signals of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). In this method, measurement redundancy is necessary to solving the problem of determining the height of the geoid with high spatial resolution. The experiments showed the possibility of using the code and phase of the received signal. The experiments showed the possibility of using method of bistatic GNSS-altimetry to determine the height of the geoid.
Corruption as Corporate Entrepreneurship
Authors: Shepherd Dean A. , Parida Vinit , Wincent Joakim 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter—“Corruption as Corporate Entrepreneurship”—continues with the dark side of entrepreneurial action in response to chronic adversity but in the government context. While corruption exists in most countries, it is widespread in the developing world, acting like sand in the wheels of economies and harming the performance of businesses, especially small businesses. Along these lines, this chapter focuses on bribery in the developing world from the perspective of government officials asking for and receiving bribes. We discuss how in corrupt systems, such officials deliberately make government departments more bureaucratic by creating informal autonomous ventures within these departments. Through such corrupt ventures, these actors use informal human resource management systems to create and maintain corruption. Moreover, we detail how corrupt government officials see new legal constraints as opportunities to use brokers to facilitate bribery. Thus, in this chapter, we outline how actors use corrupt informal autonomous ventures to engage in and maintain corruption within the government and how these entrepreneurial practices, in turn harm governments, small businesses, and people’s confidence in their nations.
Racial disparities in post-operative complications and discharge destination following total joints arthroplasty: a national database study
Authors: Upfill-Brown Alex , Paisner Noah , Sassoon Adam 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction
The objective of this study was to explore race-based differences in 30-day complication rates following total joint arthroplasty (TJA) using a large national database.

Methods
Patients undergoing primary, elective THA and TKA between 2012 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed using the ACS-NSQIP. We compared Black and Hispanic patients with non-Hispanic White patients using multivariate statistical models adjusting for demographic, operative, and medical characteristics.

Results
A total of 324,795 and 200,023 patients undergoing THA and TKA, respectively, were identified. After THA, compared to White patients, Black and Hispanic patients were more likely to be diagnosed with VTE (p < 0.001), receive a blood transfusion (p < 0.001), and to be discharged to an inpatient facility (p < 0.001). After TKA, compared to White patients, Black and Hispanic patients were more likely to experience a major complication (p < 0.001 and p = 0.008, respectively), be diagnosed with VTE (p < 0.001), and be discharged to a facility (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Our findings indicate higher rates of VTE, blood transfusions, and discharge to an inpatient facility for Black and Hispanic patients when compared to White patients following TJA, though we are unable to comment on the etiology of these disparities. These results may contribute to a growing divide with respect to outcomes and access to TJA for these at-risk patient populations.
Erwin Deutsch, the Eppinger Clinic and the legacy of the Second Vienna School of Medicine—Continuities of a career
Authors: Jobst Clemens , Czech Herwig 
Published: June 2022

SummaryErwin Deutsch (1917–1992) was an outstanding representative of Austrian internal medicine after World War II. Little is known about his early biography. Considered a “Jewish half-breed” under Nazi racial laws, he was subjected to harassment during his training. Nevertheless, he can be regarded as scientific heir of Hans Eppinger (1879–1946), who enjoyed a worldwide reputation as internist despite his controversial involvement in medical experiments in the Dachau concentration camp.Already declining after World War I, the Viennese Medical Faculty largely lost its international scientific importance with the expulsion of over half its faculty members from 1938, the end of the Second Vienna School of Medicine. Erwin Deutsch significantly contributed to continuity by vehemently calling for the unity of internal medicine after 1945, as it had been practiced in Vienna since the nineteenth century. Discrimination as a “Jewish half-breed” played a paradoxical role in this context—it delayed the start of his independent academic activity and increased his personal dependence on Eppinger; at the same time it spared him military service and enabled him to start his career after 1945 unaffected by denazification measures.Based on unpublished archival material, interviews with contemporary witnesses, and Deutsch’s medical publications, this article is the first to offer an account of his early career, from his graduation in 1940, his time at the Eppinger Clinic, compulsory service in Germany during the war and the beginning of his scientific work to his appointment as Ernst Lauda’s successor as director of the 1st Medical Clinic in Vienna.
Treadmill training and physiotherapy similarly improve dual task gait performance: a randomized-controlled trial in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Gaßner Heiko , Trutt Elmar , Seifferth Sarah , Friedrich Jana , Zucker Diana , Salhani Ziad , Adler Werner , Winkler Jürgen , Jost Wolfgang H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMotor-cognitive dual tasks are used to investigate the interplay between gait and cognition. Dual task walking in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) results in decreased gait speed and more importantly in an increased fall risk. There is evidence that physical training may improve gait during dual task challenge. Physiotherapy and treadmill walking are known to improve single task gait. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of individualized physiotherapy or treadmill training on gait during dual task performance. 105 PD patients were randomly assigned to an intervention group (physiotherapy or treadmill). Both groups received 10 individual interventional sessions of 25 min each and additional group therapy sessions for 14 days. Primary outcome measure was the dual task gait speed. Secondary outcomes were additional gait parameters during dual task walking, UPDRS-III, BBS and walking capacity. All gait parameters were recorded using sensor-based gait analysis. Gait speed improved significantly by 4.2% (treadmill) and 8.3% (physiotherapy). Almost all secondary gait parameters, UPDRS-III, BBS, and walking capacity improved significantly and similarly in both groups. However, interaction effects were not observed. Both interventions significantly improved gait in patients with mild to moderate PD. However, treadmill walking did not show significant benefits compared to individualized physiotherapy. Our data suggest that both interventions improve dual task walking and therefore support safe and independent walking. This result may lead to more tailored therapeutic preferences.
Genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure support the specialist-generalist variation hypothesis in two sympatric woodpecker species
Authors: Pasinelli Gilberto 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSpecies are often arranged along a continuum from “specialists” to “generalists”. Specialists typically use fewer resources, occur in more patchily distributed habitats and have overall smaller population sizes than generalists. Accordingly, the specialist-generalist variation hypothesis (SGVH) proposes that populations of habitat specialists have lower genetic diversity and are genetically more differentiated due to reduced gene flow compared to populations of generalists. Here, expectations of the SGVH were tested by examining genetic diversity, spatial genetic structure and contemporary gene flow in two sympatric woodpecker species differing in habitat specialization. Compared to the generalist great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos major), lower genetic diversity was found in the specialist middle spotted woodpecker (Dendrocoptes medius). Evidence for recent bottlenecks was revealed in some populations of the middle spotted woodpecker, but in none of the great spotted woodpecker. Substantial spatial genetic structure and a significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances were found in the middle spotted woodpecker, but only weak spatial genetic structure and no significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances in the great spotted woodpecker. Finally, estimated levels of contemporary gene flow did not differ between the two species. Results are consistent with all but one expectations of the SGVH. This study adds to the relatively few investigations addressing the SGVH in terrestrial vertebrates.
The ontology of creation: towards a philosophical account of the creation of World in innovation processes
Authors: Blok Vincent 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe starting point of this article is the observation that the emergence of the Anthropocene rehabilitates the need for philosophical reflections on the ontology of technology. In particular, if technological innovations on an ontic level of beings in the world are created, but these innovations at the same time create the Anthropocene World at an ontological level, this raises the question how World creation has to be understood. We first identify four problems with the traditional concept of creation: the anthropocentric, ontic and outcome orientation of traditional concepts of creation, as well as its orientation of material fabrication. We subsequently develop a progressive concept of World creation with four characteristics that move beyond the traditional conceptuality: (1) a materialistic concept of creation that accounts for (2) the ontogenetic process and (3) the ontic and ontological nature of creation, and (4) is conceptualized as semantic creation of the World in which we live and act.
Impacts of the invasive hornet Vespa velutina on native wasp species: a first effort to understand population-level effects in an invaded area of Europe
Authors: Carisio Luca , Cerri Jacopo , Lioy Simone , Bianchi Ettore , Bertolino Sandro , Porporato Marco 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Invasive alien species could generate a multitude of impacts towards native species. The introduction and spread of Vespa velutina in Europe is raising concern for the conservation of insect’s biodiversity, including wasps due to predation, competition or a combination of these two mechanisms. Nevertheless, most evidence for negative effects on other wasps are based on laboratory experiments, direct observations, and on considerations about the biology and ecology of Vespidae. No field study in Europe explored how the abundance of V. velutina could affect the population of native Vespidae, as expected in case of competition and predation. We analysed how the abundance of V. velutina influenced that of Vespa crabro, 4 years after the arrival and establishment of V. velutina in our study area, in Italy. Moreover, we compared the abundances of three native Vespidae (V. crabro, Vespula vulgaris, Vespula germanica), between our study area and an adjacent uninvaded area with similar environmental conditions. Bayesian Generalized Linear Models revealed that the abundance of V. velutina and V. crabro was positively associated, where V. velutina was scarce. Covariation disappeared only at those trapping sites where V. velutina was extremely abundant. Moreover, abundances of native wasps were similar between the invaded and the uninvaded areas.

Implications for insect conservation
The wide-scale monitoring activity performed to investigate the effects of V. velutina on native wasps has not detected any negative effects in relation to the presence of the invasive species. More effort is however requested for understanding if V. velutina could really affect native Vespidae at the population-level.
Effect of Transitional Layer on Frequency of Kink Oscillations
Authors: Ruderman M. S. , Petrukhin N. S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this article we study the effect of a transitional layer in a magnetic tube on the real part of the frequencies of kink oscillations. In our analysis, we use the model of a straight magnetic tube with the density and cross-section radius varying along the loop, and the thin-tube thin-boundary (TTTB) approximation. First, we calculate the correction to the fundamental frequency and show that it is positive and of the order of the ratio of the transitional layer thickness to the loop radius $\ell $
ℓ
. The increase in the fundamental frequency results in the decrease in the estimate of the magnetic-field magnitude. Then we study the effect of the transitional layer on the ratio between the fundamental frequency and the first overtone frequency that is used for estimating the atmospheric scale height. We show that the correction to the frequency ratio is of the order of $\ell ^{2}$

ℓ
2

, and thus it can be neglected for moderate values of $\ell $
ℓ
.
The Ionospheric Equivalent Slab Thickness: A Review Supported by a Global Climatological Study Over Two Solar Cycles
Authors: Pignalberi Alessio , Pietrella Marco , Pezzopane Michael , Nava Bruno , Cesaroni Claudio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe ionospheric equivalent slab thickness ($\tau $
τ
) is a parameter characterizing both the distribution of the plasma in the ionosphere and the shape of the corresponding vertical electron density profile. It is calculated as the ratio of the vertical total electron content (vTEC) to the ionospheric F2-layer electron density maximum (NmF2). Since its definition dated back in the 60s, a lot of information on the behavior of $\tau $
τ
for different helio-geophysical conditions has been cumulated and the connection with several plasma properties has been also demonstrated. The beginning of the Global Positioning System (GPS) era in the 90s had a strong effect on the studies about $\tau $
τ
because GPS signals allow to obtain the vTEC up to about 20000 km of altitude. Recently, $\tau $
τ
has also found application in many data-assimilation methodologies, especially for the improvement of empirical ionospheric models based on near real-time data. All of these topics are reviewed and discussed in this paper based on the literature published in the last sixty years.Moreover, to highlight and summarize the main global climatological features of $\tau $
τ
, in this work we selected thirty-two ionospheric stations globally distributed and co-located with ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers, for the last two solar cycles. This allowed to collect a dataset of NmF2 and vTEC that represents the largest and most complete ever analyzed for studies concerning $\tau $
τ
, which gave the chance to deeply investigate its spatial, diurnal, seasonal, and solar activity variations. The corresponding results are presented and discussed in the light of the existing literature.