bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children’s distal forearm fractures: a population-based epidemiology study of 4,316 fractures
Authors: Korup Lærke R. , Larsen Peter , Nanthan Kumanan R. , Arildsen Marie , Warming Nikolaj , Sørensen Søren , Rahbek Ole , Elsoe Rasmus 
Published: June 2022

Aims The aim of this study was to report a complete overview of both incidence, fracture distribution, mode of injury, and patient baseline demographics of paediatric distal forearm fractures to identify age of risk and types of activities leading to injury. Methods Population-based cohort study with manual review of radiographs and charts. The primary outcome measure was incidence of paediatric distal forearm fractures. The study was based on an average at-risk population of 116,950. A total number of 4,316 patients sustained a distal forearm fracture in the study period. Females accounted for 1,910 of the fractures (44%) and males accounted for 2,406 (56%). Results The overall incidence of paediatric distal forearm fractures was 738.1/100,000 persons/year (95% confidence interval (CI) 706/100,000 to 770/100,000). Female incidences peaked with an incidence of 1,578.3/100,000 persons/year at age ten years. Male incidence peaked at age 13 years, with an incidence of 1,704.3/100,000 persons/year. The most common fracture type was a greenstick fracture to the radius (48%), and the most common modes of injury were sports and falls from ≤ 1 m. A small year-to-year variation was reported during the five-year study period, but without any trends. Conclusion Results show that paediatric distal forearm fractures are very common throughout childhood in both sexes, with almost 2% of males aged 13 years sustaining a forearm fracture each year. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(6):448–454.
Comparing Batch Log Studies to Individual Log Studies: Part 1 - Batch Studies
Authors: Sisler Levi , Hassler Curt , McNeel Joseph F. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Batch log studies are frequently used by sawmills to provide insight into lumber grade yields and overrun for a given log grade. This information is then used to determine log pricing. These batches often contain logs with a wide range of diameters and clear faces. Little research has been done to determine the reliability of a batch log study for use in determining log break-even pricing.
A series of 16 batch log studies were conducted at a hardwood sawmill to gain insight into the accuracy and reliability of the batch log study method. Batch compositions were found to be statistically different in four of five log grades. These statistically different batches led to statistical differences in lumber grade yields and overrun.
The batch log study method does not provide accurate insights into lumber grade yields and overrun. As a result, these data are not reliable for mill management decisions such as the calculation of log prices. Several changes could be made to improve the batch log study method, but the individual log study method would be of much more use to mill managers.
Governing the silence: the institutionalisation of evidence-based policing in modern Britain
Authors: Betts Paul R. 
Published: June 2022

This paper examines the rise of Evidence-Based Policing (EBP) in Britain. EBP is a ‘what works’ initiative, claiming to offer benefits to ‘improve’ policing policy and practice based on scientific research graded as ‘evidence’. EBP valorises a narrow ‘experimental criminological’ understanding of knowledge and is being institutionalised into policing and academia with very limited challenge. This is despite concerns about ‘evidence-based policy’ in other fields and wide-ranging criminological perspectives on ‘crime’, ‘justice’ and policing that challenge the ‘experimental’ school. By 2022 EBP exerts significant influence on how policing insiders, academics, policymakers and politicians think, speak and act about British policing.
Drawing on Foucault and Hajer, this paper reports institutional changes produced by EBP’s advancement revealed through discourse analytical research into EBP’s ‘archive’ of academic, operational and political ‘texts’. These changes are represented as new ‘governance techniques’ that collectively guard the boundaries of the EBP project, ‘authorising’ the knowledge it generates as ‘true’, propelling EBP towards a hegemonic position in British policing.
EBP is repositioned as doing political work, sharing genealogical heritage with other political projects of late modernity, particularly managerialism and neoliberalism. Appropriately historicised, EBP can also be conceptualised as a new nadir in the problematic relationship between the production of criminological knowledge and the British state: reinforcing state definitions of ‘crime’ and cementing conservative ‘asks’ of policing. Simultaneously, the institutionalisation of EBP’s governance techniques is likely to further silence critical voices, excluding them from knowledge production, policy consideration, and neutralising their more radical calls for progressive policing.
Relative timing jitter in a counterpropagating all-normal dispersion dual-comb fiber laser
Authors: Prakash Neeraj , Huang Shu-Wei , Li Bowen 
Published: June 2022

The counterpropagating all-normal dispersion (CANDi) fiber laser is an emerging high-energy single-cavity dual-comb laser source. Its relative timing jitter (RTJ), a critical parameter for dual-comb timing precision and spectral resolution, has not been comprehensively investigated. In this paper, we enhance the state-of-the-art CANDi fiber laser pulse energy from 1 nJ to 8 nJ. We then introduce a reference-free RTJ characterization technique that provides shot-to-shot measurement capability at femtosecond precision. The measurement noise floor reaches

1.6

×

10

−
7

f
s

2

/

H
z

, and the corresponding integrated measurement precision is only 1.8 fs (1 kHz, 20 MHz). With this characterization tool, we are able to study the physical origin of the CANDi laser’s RTJ in detail. We first verify that the cavity length fluctuation does not contribute to the RTJ. Then we measure the integrated RTJ to be 39 fs (1 kHz, 20 MHz) and identify the pump relative intensity noise (RIN) to be the dominant factor responsible for it. In particular, pump RIN is coupled to the RTJ through the Gordon–Haus effect. Finally, solutions to reduce the free-running CANDi laser’s RTJ are discussed. This work provides a general guideline to improve the performance of compact single-cavity dual-comb systems such as the CANDi laser, benefitting various dual-comb applications.
Bright single-photon sources in the telecom band by deterministically coupling single quantum dots to a hybrid circular Bragg resonator
Authors: Xu Shi-Wen , Wei Yu-Ming , Su Rong-Bin , Li Xue-Shi , Huang Pei-Nian , Liu Shun-Fa , Huang Xiao-Ying , Yu Ying , Liu Jin , Wang Xue-Hua 
Published: June 2022

High-performance solid-state quantum sources in the telecom band are of paramount importance for long-distance quantum communications and the quantum Internet by taking advantage of a low-loss optical fiber network. Here, we demonstrate bright telecom-wavelength single-photon sources based on In(Ga)As/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) deterministically coupled to hybrid circular Bragg resonators (h-CBRs) by using a wide-field fluorescence imaging technique. The QD emissions are redshifted toward the telecom O-band by using an ultra-low InAs growth rate and an InGaAs strain reducing layer. Single-photon emissions under both continuous wave (CW) and pulsed operations are demonstrated, showing high brightness with count rates of 1.14 MHz and 0.34 MHz under saturation powers and single-photon purities of

g

(
2
)

(
0
)
=
0.11
±
0.02

(CW) and

g

(
2
)

(
0
)
=
0.087
±
0.003

(pulsed) at low excitation powers. A Purcell factor of 4.2 with a collection efficiency of

11.2
%
±
1
%

at the first lens is extracted, suggesting efficient coupling between the QD and h-CBR. Our work contributes to the development of highly efficient single-photon sources in the telecom band for fiber-based quantum communication and future distributed quantum networks.
Model-checking ecological state-transition graphs
Authors: Thomas Colin , Cosme Maximilien , Gaucherel Cédric , Pommereau Franck 
Published: June 2022

Model-checking is a methodology developed in computer science to automatically assess the dynamics of discrete systems, by checking if a system modelled as a state-transition graph satisfies a dynamical property written as a temporal logic formula. The dynamics of ecosystems have been drawn as state-transition graphs for more than a century, ranging from state-and-transition models to assembly graphs. Model-checking can provide insights into both empirical data and theoretical models, as long as they sum up into state-transition graphs. While model-checking proved to be a valuable tool in systems biology, it remains largely underused in ecology apart from precursory applications.
This article proposes to address this situation, through an inventory of existing ecological STGs and an accessible presentation of the model-checking methodology. This overview is illustrated by the application of model-checking to assess the dynamics of a vegetation pathways model. We select management scenarios by model-checking Computation Tree Logic formulas representing management goals and built from a proposed catalogue of patterns. In discussion, we sketch bridges between existing studies in ecology and available model-checking frameworks. In addition to the automated analysis of ecological state-transition graphs, we believe that defining ecological concepts with temporal logics could help clarify and compare them.
Evaluation and prevention and control measures of urban public transport exposure risk under the influence of COVID-19—Taking Wuhan as an example
Authors: Lu Huan , Gan Hongcheng 
Published: June 2022

Background
Since December 2019, COVID-19 began to spread throughout the world for nearly two years. During the epidemic, the travel intensity of most urban residents has dropped significantly, and they can only complete inflexible travel such as "home to designated hospital" and "home to supermarket" and some special commuting trips. While ensuring basic travel of residents under major public health emergency, there is also a problem of high risk of infection caused by exposure of the population to the public transport network. For the discipline of urban transport, how to use planning methods to promote public health and reduce the potential spread of diseases has become a common problem faced by the government, academia and industry.

Method
Based on the mobility perspective of travel agents, the spatial analysis methods such as topological model of bus network structure, centrality model of public transport network and nuclear density analysis are used to obtain the exposure risk and spatial distribution characteristics of public transport from two aspects of bus stops and epidemic sites.

Results
The overall spatial exposure risk of Wuhan city presents an obvious "multi center circle" structure at the level of bus stops. The high and relatively high risk stops are mainly transport hubs, shopping malls and other sites, accounting for 35.63%. The medium and low-risk stops are mainly the villages and communities outside the core areas of each administrative region, accounting for 64.37%. On the other hand, at the scale of epidemic sites, the coverage covers 4018 bus stops in Wuhan, accounting for 36.5% of all bus stops, and 169 bus lines, accounting for 39.9% of all routes. High risk epidemic sites are mainly concentrated in the core areas within the jurisdiction of Wuhan City, and in the direction of urban outer circle diffusion, they are mainly distributed in the low and medium risk epidemic sites. According to the difference of the risk level of public transport exposure, the hierarchical public transport control measures are formulated.

Discussion
This paper proposes differentiated prevention and control countermeasures according to the difference of risk levels, and provides theoretical basis and decision-making reference for urban traffic management departments in emergency management and formulation of prevention and control countermeasures.
Screening for untreated atrial fibrillation in the elderly population: A community-based study
Authors: Senoo Keitaro , Yukawa Arito , Ohkura Takashi , Shoji Keisuke , Takigami Masao , Iwakoshi Hibiki , Nishimura Tetsuro , Nakata Mitsuko , Teramukai Satoshi , Matoba Satoaki 
Published: June 2022

Background
Strokes are common in people with atrial fibrillation (AF), and can have devastating consequences, especially in the elderly and if AF is untreated. However, community-based studies on screening for untreated AF have not been conducted in Japan, and there has been no evaluation of the effectiveness of early screening for AF in the elderly (≥65 years).

Methods
The Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (KPUM) Education Initiative has conducted an AF awareness campaign consisted of screening tests using a blood pressure (BP) monitor with electrocardiogram (ECG) (the Complete, Omron Healthcare Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan) and educational lectures for the elderly (≥65 years) from 2019 to 2020. A modeled effectiveness analysis was performed comparing the life-years and QALYs (quality-adjusted life-years) between direct-acting oral anticoagulation (DOAC)-treated AF and untreated AF in a Japanese setting. The basic description of the Markov model was used for the analysis.

Results
A total of 1648 participants were screened, and after excluding those with missing information or data (n = 41), 1607 were finally enrolled. The mean (± standard deviation) age of participants was 72.4±5.8 years, 827 (51.5%) were female, 628 (39.1%) had hypertension, and 1368 (85.1%) had CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2. After cardiologists’ evaluation of all ECG recordings of the Complete, 15 (0.93%) AF were newly detected. For each AF treated with DOAC, 0.859 QALYs gained over the lifetime for 65 years-old men, and 0.856 QALYs for 65 years-old women compared to non-treatment.

Conclusion
A moderate number of untreated AF were identified in the community-based study. Identification of an increased number of patients with AF, if properly treated with DOAC, ultimately leads to a reduction in the number of strokes occurred over subjects’ lifetime.
Surgeons’ preferences for using sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ
Authors: Meurs Claudia J. C. , Til Janine A. van , Menke-Pluijmers Marian B. E. , Vet Stefanie de , Siesling Sabine , Westenend Pieter J. 
Published: June 2022

Background
There is a large variation between Dutch hospitals in the use of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy (SLNB) in patients with a biopsy diagnosis of Ductal Carcinoma in Situ. The aim of our study was to investigate whether this variation might be explained by preferences of surgeons, organisational factors or the influence of patients preferences.

Methods
A cross-sectional web survey was conducted among 260 Dutch oncological/breast surgeons. Preferences of surgeons and the influence of the patients’ preferences were determined by means of best-worst scaling (BWS) of profile case scenarios and by ranking risk factors. The survey also explored organisational questions, the reported use of diagnostic techniques and influences on the decision.

Results
The BWS scenarios were completed by 57 surgeons. The most important reasons for performing SLNB were a suspected invasive component and DCIS grade 3. In the ranking, these were also the first and second most important factor, followed by the size of the lesion and a mass on mammogram. In 58% to 70% of the scenarios, the surgeons would not change their decisions on the use of SLNB if the patient’s chose differed. No organisational factor was significantly associated with the reported use of SLNB.

Conclusion
The inter-hospital variation in the use of SLNB could not be attributed to organisational factors or surgeons’ preferences for risk factors. The risk factors that most surgeons reported as reasons for performing SLNB are consistent with the factors described in the Dutch treatment guideline for the use of SLNB.
Pedagogies of Prohibition: Time, Education, and the War on Drugs in Rio de Janeiro’s Zona Norte
Authors: Fogarty-Valenzuela Benjamin 
Published: June 2022

Drawing from two years of ethnographic fieldwork in Rio de Janeiro, this article traces the proximity between educational interventions and the war on drugs. To do so, I introduce the concept of pedagogies of prohibition, which names this proximity. Pedagogies of prohibition center on temporal concerns (rather than strictly spatial ones), revealing neglected aspects of discipline and policing. Whereas disputes over prohibition frequently hinge on control over territory, pedagogies of prohibition leverage the subject-making potential of everyday schedules and time-bounded habits. The article’s three sections focus on three forms of temporal control—busyness, punctuality, and rhythm—and each demonstrates how the war on drugs is rendered productive of particular lifestyles and consumption practices. By positioning hard (policing) and soft (educational) anti-drug interventions in the same frame, I show how these two aspects of the war on drugs incorporate everyday domains such as habit and aspiration, impacting the routines of Black and working-class youth in urban Brazil.

RESUMO

A partir de dois anos de trabalho de campo etnográfico no Rio de Janeiro, este artigo traça a proximidade entre as intervenções educativas e a guerra contra as drogas. Para tal, introduz o conceito de pedagogias de proibição, que designa esta proximidade. Pedagogias de proibição centra-se em preocupações temporais (e não estritamente espaciais), revelando aspectos negligenciados de disciplina e policiamento. Enquanto as disputas sobre a proibição dependem frequentemente do controlo do território, as pedagogias de proibição potencializam o aspecto de formação de sujeitos dos horários diários e dos hábitos quotidianos. As três secções do artigo focalizam em três formas de controle temporal—ocupação, pontualidade e ritmo—e cada uma delas demonstra como a guerra às drogas se torna propulsora de determinados estilos de vida e práticas de consumo. Ao posicionar intervenções antidrogas duras (policiamento) e suaves (educativas) no mesmo quadro, este artigo mostra como estes dois aspectos da guerra às drogas incorporam domínios quotidianos como o hábito e a aspiração, impactando as rotinas da juventude Negra e de classe trabalhadora no Brasil urbano.
POSITIVISME DAN POST POSITIVISME: REFLEKSI ATAS PERKEMBANGAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN DAN PERENCANAAN KOTA DALAM TINJAUAN FILSAFAT ILMU DAN METODOLOGI PENELITIAN
Authors: Sundaro Hendrianto 
Published: June 2022

Sebagai paradigma ilmu pengetahuan, Positivisme dan Post positivisme telah memberikan pengaruh yang besar bagi perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan kemajuan peradaban manusia termasuk didalamnya adalah perkembangan kota yang menjadi pusat peradaban manusia. Dalam proses tersebut, filsafat dan metodologi penelitian memiliki peran penting bukan hanya dalam membentuk ilmu pengetahuan tetapi juga meninjau eksistensi ilmu pengetahuan. Meninjau eksistensi ilmu pengetahuan melalu kacamata filsafat dan bukan oleh ilmu itu sendiri adalah agar dapat menempatkan ilmu pengetahuan secara jujur dan obyektif. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk : 1) Mendeskripsikan sejarah perkembangan filsafat dan ilmu pengetahuan, 2) Mengetahu esensi dari filsafat ilmu dan kedudukannya dalam konstelasi ilmu pengetahuan (science), 3) Mengetahui keterkaitan filsafat ilmu dengan paradigma positivisme dan post-positivisme dalam metodologi penelitian serta 4) Mengetahui kontribusi positivisme dan post positivisme terhadap perkembangan kota. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini adalah studi literatur dengan pendekatan deskriptif-kualitatif. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder berupa hasil-hasil pemikiran yang dituangkan di dalam buku dan jurnal baik nasional maupun yang terakreditasi yang memuat topik tentang filsafat, positivisme dan post positivisme, metodologi penelitian dan perkembangan kota / perencanaan wilayah dan kota.
Natural Inseparability in Aristotle,MetaphysicsE.1, 1026a14
Authors: Griffin Michael James 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAt Aristotle,MetaphysicsE.1, 1026a14, Schwegler’s conjectural emendation of the manuscript reading ἀχώριστα to χωριστά has been widely adopted. The objects of physical science are therefore here ‘separate’, or ‘independently existent’. By contrast, the manuscripts make them ‘not separate’, construed by earlier commentators as dependent on matter. In this paper, I offer a new defense of the manuscript reading. I review past defenses based on the internal consistency of the chapter, explore where they have left supporters of the emendation unpersuaded, and attempt to strengthen their appeal. I challenge Schwegler’s central case, developed by Ross and others, that the construction μὲν ἀλλ’ οὐκ demands an implausible ‘logical antithesis’ between inseparability and mobility. This is arguably the fundamental obstacle to the manuscript reading, and counterexamples have not to date convinced emenders. I offer a new, systematic review of Aristotle’s use of the phrase, including relevant cases from theRhetoric, to show how its usual meaning in Aristotle supports the transmitted text; I also reply to possible objections. Finally, I explore the implications of this defense for the classification of the sciences in E.1.
Penalty partial reduced selective integration: a new method to solve locking phenomena in thin shell steel and concrete structures
Authors: Nascimbene Roberto 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe shell structures are commonly used in many civil and industrial and long-span logistic applications. In this research we simply start by applying a degenerated finite element continuum approach. Then we propose a new alternative formulation by splitting the shear energy into two main components, the first one exactly integrated, whereas the second reduced integrated in a proper way. In this numerical and analytical research we present this advanced new approach (herein named penalty partial reduced selective integration) by adding weight coefficients to the splitting energy terms. As a consequence of this formulation, the unwanted locking events are definitively eliminated. A wide range of real and analytical examples, from scientific literature and practical engineering shell design situations, are analyzed and deeply investigated to better understand the level of accuracy and effectiveness of the formulation proposed. Furthermore, comparisons withwell defined and established shell finite elements are made just to yield insight into the predictive capability of the penalty partial reduced selective integration, herein proposed and studied. Hence many examples are used to test this new formulation in order to analyze the numerical behavior of the approximate solution in dependence of the splitting parameters. A simple kind of methodological rules for choosing these numerical non-dimensional parameters are also given.