bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Special issue editorial: Cannabinoid signalling in the brain: New vistas
Authors: Busquets‐Garcia Arnau , Melis Miriam , Bellocchio Luigi , Marsicano Giovanni 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe endocannabinoid system is widely expressed both in the brain and in the periphery. This system regulates a plethora of physiological functions and is composed of cannabinoid receptors, their endogenous ligands, and the enzymes involved in their metabolic processes. In the last few years, the development of new imaging and molecular tools has demonstrated that these receptors are distributed in many cell types (e.g., neuronal or glial cells) and intracellular compartments (e.g., mitochondria). Interestingly, cellular or molecular effects are differentially mediated by cannabinoid receptors according to their specific localization in different cell‐types or in different subcellular locations. Moreover, the endocannabinoid system is also expressed throughout the body where it can serve to modulate the connection between the brain and the periphery. Finally, better understanding of the cannabinoid receptors structure and pharmacology has led researchers to propose interesting and new allosteric modulators of synaptic communication. The latest advances and innovative research in the cannabinoid field will provide new insights and better approaches to improve its interesting potential therapeutic profile. This special issue intends to bring together a series of empirical papers, targeted reviews and opinions from leaders in the field that will highlight the new advances in cannabinoid research.
Disrupted Data: Using Longitudinal Assessment Systems to Monitor Test Score Quality
Authors: An Lily Shiao , Ho Andrew Dean , Davis Laurie Laughlin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTechnical documentation for educational tests focuses primarily on properties of individual scores at single points in time. Reliability, standard errors of measurement, item parameter estimates, fit statistics, and linking constants are standard technical features that external stakeholders use to evaluate items and individual scale scores. However, these cross‐sectional, “point‐in‐time” features can mask threats to the validity of score interpretations, including those for aggregate scores and trends over time. We use test score data collected before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic to show that longitudinal analyses, not just point‐in‐time analyses, are necessary to detect threats to desired inferences. We propose that educational agencies require and vendors include longitudinal data features, including “match rates” and correlations, as standard exhibits in technical documentation.
Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction following traumatic brain injury: From mechanistic view to targeted therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Hakiminia Bahareh , Alikiaii Babak , Khorvash Fariborz , Mousavi Sarah 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most prevalent causes of permanent physical and cognitive disabilities. TBI pathology results from primary insults and a multi‐mechanistic biochemical process, termed as secondary brain injury. Currently, there are no pharmacological agents for definitive treatment of patients with TBI. This article is presented with the purpose of reviewing molecular mechanisms of TBI pathology, as well as potential strategies and agents against pathological pathways. In this review article, materials were obtained by searching PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. This search was considered without time limitation. Evidence indicates that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are two key mediators of the secondary injury cascade in TBI pathology. TBI‐induced oxidative damage results in the structural and functional impairments of cellular and subcellular components, such as mitochondria. Impairments of mitochondrial electron transfer chain and mitochondrial membrane potential result in a vicious cycle of free radical formation and cell apoptosis. The results of some preclinical and clinical studies, evaluating mitochondria‐targeted therapies, such as mitochondria‐targeted antioxidants and compounds with pleiotropic effects after TBI, are promising. As a proposed strategy in recent years, mitochondria‐targeted multipotential therapy is a new hope, waiting to be confirmed. Moreover, based on the available findings, biologics, such as stem cell‐based therapy and transplantation of mitochondria are novel potential strategies for the treatment of TBI; however, more studies are needed to clearly confirm the safety and efficacy of these strategies.
Microbial diversity and the abundance of keystone species drive the response of soil multifunctionality to organic substitution and biochar amendment in a tea plantation
Authors: Han Zhaoqiang , Xu Pinshang , Li Zhutao , Lin Haiyan , Zhu Chen , Wang Jinyang , Zou Jianwen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHigh nitrogen (N) fertilizer inputs accelerate soil acidification and degradation in tea plantations, thus posing a threat to soil microbial diversity, species composition, and ecosystem service functions. The effects of organic fertilizer and biochar applications on improving soil fertility have been extensively studied on cropland; however, little is known about their effectiveness in promoting soil multifunctionality on rapidly expanding acidic soils in tea plantations. In this study, we conducted a two‐year field experiment in a subtropical tea plantation to investigate the effects of organic fertilizer substitution and biochar amendment on soil microbial communities and multifunctionality. The results showed that soil multifunctionality was enhanced in plots amended with organic fertilizer and biochar. Soil multifunctionality was significantly and positively correlated with alpha‐diversity of bacteria but not fungi. We also found that organic fertilizer substitution and biochar amendment improved soil multifunctionality by altering the abundance of keystone species. The abundance of keystone species classified as module hubs in the bacterial co‐occurrence network contributed significantly and positively to soil multifunctionality. In contrast, the keystone species categorized as module hubs in the fungal co‐occurrence network negatively affected soil multifunctionality. Soil pH was a key driver of soil microbial community composition, indicating that the increase in soil pH under organic fertilizer and biochar amendment had a crucial role in biological processes. These results suggest that organic substitution and biochar amendment are beneficial in preventing soil degradation and maintaining soil multifunctionality in subtropical tea plantations.
Perturbation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling and sexual dimorphism in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Yeh Matthew M , Shi Xiuhui , Yang Jingxuan , Li Min , Fung Kar‐Ming , Daoud Sayed S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsThe prevalence of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its progression to non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is higher in postmenopausal women than men. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying this sexual dimorphism in NAFLD.MethodsA total of 24 frozen liver samples of both sexes (normal and NAFLD/NASH) were used in this study. Total RNAseq was first used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between samples. Enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Reactome were used to analyze biological pathways. RT2 profiler polymerase chain reaction (PCR) arrays were used to identify genes associated with the biological pathways. Immunoblotting was used to validate protein expression of certain genes.ResultsWe identified 4362 genes that are differentially expressed between NAFLD/NASH and normal samples; of those 745 genes were characterized as sex specific in NAFLD/NASH. Multiple pathway analysis platforms showed that Wnt‐signaling is a candidate shared for a common biological pathway‐associated with NAFLD/NASH. Using Wnt pathway focused PCR array we identified many genes involved in canonical pathway (Wnt/β‐catenin activation) such as CTNNB1, c‐Myc and CCND2 are overexpressed in female cases, whereas these genes are either not detected or downregulated in male cases. Immunoblot analysis validated the expression of CTNNB1 in female cases but not in male protein samples.ConclusionsOur study suggests, for the first time, that the activation of canonical Wnt signaling could be one of the main pathways associated with sexual dimorphism in NAFLD and NASH.
Present status and future directions—Mechanisms and management of local anaesthetic failures
Authors: Parirokh Masoud , Abbott Paul V. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTo review variables and management techniques that may affect anaesthesia failure during root canal treatment and methods of overcoming anaesthesia failure.MethodologyThe PubMed and Cochran databases were searched for evidence‐based investigations regarding pain during needle insertion, pain on injection, efficacy of the anaesthetic solutions and anaesthesia techniques, and premedication.ResultsVariables such as pain on injection, premedication with various types of drugs, volume of anaesthetic solutions, supplemental anaesthetic techniques, and additives to the anaesthetic solutions may influence pain perception during root canal treatment. Differences between teeth with healthy pulps versus those with irreversible pulpitis should be considered when the effects of variables are interpreted. However, there are several concerns regarding the methodology of investigations that have evaluated anaesthesia success rates.ConclusionSeveral variables may influence anaesthesia success rates. There are conditions that may help to predict a patient’s pain during endodontic procedures. These conditions could be overcome either by employing methods such as premedication with a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug prior to the treatment visit or by using supplementary techniques before or during the treatment. However, investigators need to be more careful when reporting details of their studies to reduce concerns regarding their study bias.
Plasma‐sprayed TiO2 coatings: Hydrophobicity enhanced by ZnO additions
Authors: Yusuf Yusliza , Ghazali Mariyam Jameelah , Juoi Jariah Mohamad , Rahim Toibah Abd , Mustafa Zaleha 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTitanium dioxide (TiO2) powder mixed individually with 10 and 30 weight percentage (wt%) ZnO was thermally sprayed onto a grade B API 5 L carbon steel substrate by atmospheric plasma spraying. The effect of the addition of ZnO (10 wt% and 30 wt%) on the microstructures and wettability properties of the TiO2/ZnO coatings was investigated. The characterization of the coatings was carried out using scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), laser confocal microscope, and sessile droplet system. The XRD analysis of the coating revealed that the anatase phase of TiO2 in the powder state transformed into rutile phases for the produced TiO2/ZnO coatings. Surface microstructure analysis revealed that the coatings had typical micro‐roughened surfaces of plasma spraying products. The coating with 30 wt% ZnO produced a coating with remarkable pores and microcracks compared with the TiO2 coating and coating with 10 wt% ZnO. Additionally, the increase in the wt% of ZnO increased the surface roughness value of the produced coatings and substantially changed the wettability properties of the TiO2 coating from hydrophilic to hydrophobic.
Experimental investigation on high strain rate compressive response of a ZrB2‐SiC‐G ceramic
Authors: Cao Junxin , Wang Mi , Wang Lingling , He Runyun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe dynamic compression tests were conducted on a ZrB2‐SiC‐graphite (ZrB2‐SiC‐G) ceramic from the strain rate of 904–3136 s–1 using the split Hopkinson pressure bar. The effects of strain rate on the compressive strength, critical strain, stress–strain relation, and fracture pattern were discussed from the experimental results. The results showed that the dynamic compressive response of this ZrB2‐SiC‐G ceramic was obviously related to the strain rate at higher strain rates. At the strain rate of 3136 s–1, the dynamic compressive strength, critical strain, and toughness of the ZrB2‐SiC‐G ceramic increased to 1747 MPa, 0.0423, and 69.48 × 106 J/m3, respectively. As the strain rate increased, the dynamic compressive strength and critical strain increased linearly, and the damage became more significant. Moreover, the energy absorption of the ZrB2‐SiC‐G ceramic linearly increased with the strain rate, causing the ZrB2‐SiC‐G ceramic fractured into numerous smaller fragments at higher strain rates.
Temperature‐induced changes of the electrical and mechanical properties of aerosol‐deposited BaTiO3 thick films for energy storage applications
Authors: Zhuo Fangping , Eckstein Udo R. , Khansur Neamul H. , Dietz Christian , Urushihara Daisuke , Asaka Toru , Kakimoto Ken‐ichi , Webber Kyle G. , Fang Xufei , Rödel Jürgen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAerosol deposition (AD) is a room‐temperature film deposition method for the fabrication of scalable ferroelectric ceramic films on different substrates, which is particularly appealing for thick film energy storage applications. However, the electrical and mechanical properties of AD ferroelectric films are not yet satisfactorily understood. Here, we report the dielectric, energy storage, and mechanical properties of aerosol‐deposited BaTiO3 (AD‐BT) thick films with nanosized grains by combining macroscopic electric measurements with indentation tests. We find that thermal annealing is an effective way to improve dielectric permittivity and polarization of the AD‐BT film, as well as to increase the hardness and Young's modulus of the film. However, crack formation in the annealed AD‐BT film is promoted in comparison to the as‐processed sample, suggesting that the interplay between the nanosized grains and release of the internal stress during annealing may have major consequences for the mechanical properties and hence should be taken into consideration in application.
Management of Phytophthora parasitica causing gummosis in citrus using biogenic copper oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Sawake Manisha M. , Moharil Mangesh P. , Ingle Yogesh V. , Jadhav Pravin V. , Ingle Avinash P. , Khelurkar Vaibhav C. , Paithankar Dinesh H. , Bathe Ganesh A. , Gade Aniket K. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Aim
The main aim of the present study was to develop nanotechnology-based solutions for the management of a fungus, Phytophthora parasitica causing gummosis in citrus.

Methods and Results
Biogenic copper nanoparticles (CuONPs) were synthesized using two different biocontrol agents, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma viride and characterized using different analytical techniques. Furthermore, in vitro (at the concentrations of 10, 15, 30, 50, 70, 100 and 150 mg/L) and in vivo (at the concentration of 100 mg/L) activities of these nanoparticles were evaluated for their antifungal efficacy against P. parasitica. The results obtained confirmed the synthesis of irregular-shaped CuONPs having a size in the range 40–100 nm in case of P. fluorescens, whereas, spherical CuONPs in the size range 20–80 were recorded in case of T. viride. As far as the in vitro antifungal efficacies of both these CuONPs is concerned, the maximum percent growth inhibition was observed in case of CuONPs synthesized from T. viride compared to CuONPs from P. fluorescens. However, in case of in vivo antifungal efficacies, CuONPs synthesized from T. viride showed the activity significantly higher than the conventionally used Bordeaux mixture.

Conclusions
It can be concluded that biosynthesized CuONPs can be effectively used as a potential fungicide against P. parasitica.

Significance and Impact of the Study
The application of nanoparticles having antifungal activities can be used as alternative fungicides to the conventional chemical fungicides. It has the potential to revolutionize the existing management strategies available for plant pathogenic fungi.
Efficacy of the incorporation between self-encapsulation and cryoprotectants on improving the freeze-dried survival of probiotic bacteria
Authors: Nguyen Thi-Tho , Nguyen Phu-Tho , Nguyen Thi-To-Uyen , Nguyen Thi-Bich-Nhu , Bui Nhi-Binh , Nguyen Huu-Thanh 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Aims
This study aimed to improve the viability of probiotic bacteria during freeze-drying by the combination of self-encapsulation and cryoprotectants.

Methods and Results
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum VAL6 and Lactobacillus acidophilus VAR1 were exposed to environmental stresses including temperature, pH and increased CO2 concentration before performing freeze-drying with the addition of cryoprotectants. The results proved that tested stresses can stimulate the bacteria to synthesize more extracellular polymeric substances to form self-encapsulation that increases their freeze-dried viability. In combination with cryoprotectants to form double-layered microencapsulation, L. plantarum VAL6 stressed at pH 3.5 in combination with whey protein isolate could achieve the highest Improving Cell Viability of 4361-fold, while L. acidophilus VAR1 stressed at 25oC in combination with alginate gave a maximum Improving Cell Viability of 73.33-fold.

Conclusions
The combination of self-encapsulation and cryoprotectants significantly improves the freeze-dried viability of probiotics.

Significance and Impact of the Study
This is the first report that uses environmental stress to stimulate extracellular polymeric substance synthesis for self-encapsulation formation combined with the addition of cryoprotectants to enhance the freeze-dried survival of probiotics. This could be a novel approach in improving the viability of probiotic strains for various applications.
The associations between reading mind in the eyes abilities, alexithymia, empathy, and bullying behavior in Turkish adolescents
Authors: Sen Demirdogen Ezgi , Aluc Nursah , Akdeniz Burak , Basar Dusum , Warikoo Nishchint , Yavuz Mesut 
Published: February 2022

AbstractProblemThe development of any program to reduce bullying is possible with a better understanding of the associated underlying factors with its emergence. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate three different social cognitive abilities: abilities to read minds in the eyes, alexithymic personality traits, and empathy, in association with bullying behaviors in adolescents. Although these factors have been studied separately, our data highlighted their effect, relationship, and interconnectivity.MethodsThe participants consisted of 351 adolescents (57.8% girls) aged 13–16 years (mean: 14.32 ± 0.73 for girls, 14.38 ± 0.86 for boys). The data used in this cross‐sectional study were collected using self‐reported questionnaires. Pearson's moment product correlation analysis and hierarchical linear regression analysis were performed to evaluate the associations between variables.FindingsBullying behavior levels were higher in male adolescents compared with females. The results indicated that bullying behavior was associated with low levels of reading minds in the eyes abilities, alexithymic personality traits, and low affective empathy levels.ConclusionThese findings highlight the critical impact of the poor comprehension of mental states and emotional statuses of other people and low emphatic thinking capacity in the emergence of bullying behaviors among adolescents. Therapeutic interventions focusing on improving these factors may therefore be useful in prevention and management programs for bullying behavior.
Anatomical accuracy of the KODEX‐EPD novel 3D mapping system of the left atrium during pulmonary vein isolation: A correlation with computer tomography imaging
Authors: Tovia Brodie Oholi , Rav‐Acha Moshe , Wolak Arik , Ilan Michael , Orenstein David J. , Abuhatzera Shalom , Glikson Michael , Michowitz Yoav 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundA novel 3D mapping system (KODEX‐EPD, EPD Solutions) enables catheter localization and real‐time 3D cardiac mapping.ObjectiveTo evaluate left atrium (LA) anatomical mapping accuracy created by the KODEX‐EPD system during pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) compared with gold standard computed tomography (CT) images acquired from the same patients before the procedure.MethodsIn 15 consecutive patients who underwent PVI, 3D mapping of the LA was created on the KODEX‐EPD system using the Achieve catheter. Pulmonary vein (PV), posterior wall, and appendage anatomy and diameters, were compared to the CT 3D reconstruction measured on the CARTO 3 system. Measurements were done independently by two physicians in each method. Linear correlation and agreement between CT and EPD measurements were assessed by Spearman correlation and Bland‐Altman plot.ResultsMean LA mapping time was 7.7 ± 3.6 min. Very high interobserver correlation was found for both EPD and CT measurements (Spearman r = .9). High correlation (r = .75) was found between CT and EPD measurements. Bland‐Altman plot method revealed that measurements assessed by EPD were slightly higher than those assessed by CT. Mean difference was 3.5 mm, p < .01. In 2 (13.5%) patients each, disagreement regarding the presence of a left common PV and a right middle accessory vein anatomy was seen.ConclusionThe new KODEX‐EPD mapping system allows quick and accurate mapping of the LA with high correlation to CT imaging. Some differences in left common and accessory right middle vein anatomy were seen.
Reducing the electrogram review burden imposed by insertable cardiac monitors
Authors: Gardner Roy S. , Quartieri Fabio , Betts Tim R. , Afzal Muhammad R. , Manyam Harish , Badie Nima , Dawoud Fady , Sabet Leyla , Davis Kevin , Qu Fujian , Ryu Kyungmoo , Ip John 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundInsertable cardiac monitors (ICMs) are essential for ambulatory arrhythmia diagnosis. However, definitive diagnoses still require time‐consuming, manual adjudication of electrograms (EGMs).ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical impact of selecting only key EGMs for review.MethodsRetrospective analyses of randomly selected Abbott Confirm Rx™ devices with ≥90 days of remote transmission history were performed, with each EGM adjudicated as true or false positive (TP, FP). For each device, up to 3 “key EGMs” per arrhythmia type per day were prioritized for review based on ventricular rate and episode duration. The reduction in EGMs and TP days (patient‐days with at least one TP EGM), and any diagnostic delay (from the first TP), were calculated versus reviewing all EGMs.ResultsIn 1000 ICMs over a median duration of 8.1 months, at least one atrial fibrillation (AF), tachycardia, bradycardia, or pause EGM was transmitted by 424, 343, 190, and 325 devices, respectively, with a total of 95 716 EGMs. Approximately 90% of episodes were contributed by 25% of patients. Key EGM selection reduced EGM review burden by 43%, 66%, 77%, and 50% (55% overall), while reducing TP days by 0.8%, 2.1%, 0.2%, and 0.0%, respectively. Despite reviewing fewer EGMs, 99% of devices with a TP EGM were ultimately diagnosed on the same day versus reviewing all EGMs.ConclusionKey EGM selection reduced the EGM review substantially with no delay‐to‐diagnosis in 99% of patients exhibiting true arrhythmias. Implementing these rules in the Abbott patient care network may accelerate clinical workflow without compromising diagnostic timelines.