bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implant Attributes or Patient Characteristics? Factors Affecting Outcome after Breast Augmentation in Transgender Women
Authors: Kamali Alexander , Sackey Helena , Gran Isak , Sigurjónsson Hannes , Farnebo Filip , Lundgren Kalle , Granath Fredrik , Sommar Pehr 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Implant-based breast augmentation is a valuable tool for treatment of gender dysphoria in transgender women. The aim was to assess whether implant attributes, plane selection, and patient characteristics had an impact on the surgical outcome, and to compare these parameters between transgender and cisgender breast augmentations.

Methods:
A cohort of transgender women who underwent breast augmentation at our department during 2009–2018 were retrospectively studied. The cohort was also compared with a cohort of 12,884 mainly cisgender women registered in the Swedish breast implant registry (BRIMP) during 2014–2019.

Results:
A total of 143 transgender individuals were included, with a median follow-up of 5.7 years. Complications occurred in 20 patients (14.0%), four patients (2.8%) underwent acute reoperation, and 20 patients (14.0%) had secondary corrections. No differences were seen in complication rates when comparing prepectoral with subpectoral placement (15.1% versus 12.9%; P = 0.81); size, less than 400 mL versus greater than or equal to 400 mL (14.7% versus 13.3%; P = 0.81), or the shape of the implants, round versus anatomic (10.7% versus 22.2%; P = 0.10). In comparison with the cohort from BRIMP, the transgender cohort had more round implants (72.0% versus 60.7%; P < 0.01), larger implants (44.1% had volumes of 400–599 mL, compared with 25.4%; P < 0.0001), and more prepectoral placement (51.0% versus 7.3%; P < 0.0001). The risk of reoperation less than 30 days was 1.2% in BRIMP and 2.8% in the transgender cohort (P = 0.08).

Conclusions:
In transgender women, implants are often larger, round, and placed prepectoral‚ compared with cisgender women. Despite these differences, complication rates were equivalent. Implant attributes, surgical techniques, and patient characteristics were not independently associated with the rate of complications
Corneal endothelium protection provided by ophthalmic viscosurgical devices during phacoemulsification: experimental study in rabbit eyes
Authors: Park Sally S.E. , Wilkinson Samuel W. , Ungricht Emilie L. , Trapnell Michael , Nydegger Jacob , Brintz Ben J. , Mamalis Nick , Olson Randall J. , Werner Liliana 
Published: November 2022

Purpose:
To compare the protection of the corneal endothelium provided by a cohesive and a dispersive ophthalmic viscosurgical device (OVD) against damage from torsional ultrasound and simulated lenticular debris during phacoemulsification.

Setting:
University setting, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Design:
Experimental study.

Methods:
15 New Zealand rabbits were included. After incision, each eye received cohesive or dispersive OVD (ProVisc or Viscoat). 10 1.0 mm beads were injected to simulate lenticular debris. The Intrepid Balanced tip (Centurion Ozil handpiece) was inserted into the anterior chamber, and 60% torsional ultrasound with 50 mL/min flow, 70 mm Hg intraocular pressure, and 600 mm Hg vacuum was applied (20 seconds). Cumulative dissipated energy (CDE) was noted. After euthanasia and enucleation, corneas were removed, stained with trypan blue/alizarin red, and photographed (5 ×400 magnification photos and 1 overview photograph from each cornea). ImageJ was used to evaluate cell damage and loss.

Results:
CDE was 4.70 ± 0.26 and 4.64 ± 0.10 in the cohesive and dispersive OVD groups, respectively (P = .8647). The analysis of the ×400 photographs showed that the percentage of intact cells was statistically higher in the dispersive OVD group (P = .0002), whereas the percentages of damaged and lost cells were statistically higher in the cohesive OVD group (P = .0002 and .0059, respectively). Overview photographs revealed the presence of residual OVD on the endothelium, especially in the dispersive group.

Conclusions:
In this experimental study using a rabbit model, the corneal endothelium protection provided by the dispersive OVD was superior to that provided by the cohesive OVD.
Early LASIK flap displacement without signs of infection
Authors: Pinto Germana M.Q.V. , Sampaio Lycia P. , Santhiago Marcony R. 
Published: November 2022

A 37-year-old woman was referred for refractive surgery evaluation. Poor visual quality in her left eye is her chief concern. The patient had undergone laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in both eyes 3 days previously.
Detailed history revealed that the patient underwent surgery to correct low myopia and astigmatism (−2.50 −2.75 × 180 in the right eye and −1.25 −2.75 × 180 in the left eye). The preoperative evaluation corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was 20/20 in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye. The surgery was performed with a mechanical microkeratome and was uneventful. The patient reports that after her vision improved on the first day, she woke up with blurry vision in her left eye on the second day and it remained that way until the third day when she sought medical help.
The slitlamp examination showed LASIK flap displacement without signs of infection (Figure 1

JOURNAL/jcrs/04.03/02158034-202212000-00023/figure1/v/2023-08-19T002644Z/r/image-tiff

). The patient was using topical corticosteroids and topical antibiotics every 6 hours. Considering the likely stromal exposure time, what would be the best approach for this case? Does the probable time of displacement of this flap change its behavior? In what way? If you decide to reposition the flap, would it be interesting to use fibrin glue or suture? Considering that there was no major trauma in the patient's report, what is the importance of the LASIK flap having been created by a mechanical microkeratome and not by a femtosecond laser in the displacement of the flap?
Mixed ganglioneuroma and cortical adenoma in adrenal gland: A case report
Authors: Kang Yoo Na 
Published: November 2022

Rationale:
Adrenal mixed corticomedullary tumors (MCMTs) are single tumor masses composed of an intimately admixed population of both adrenal cortical cells and medullary components. Most medullary tumor components are pheochromocytomas; however, MCMTs composed of ganglioneuroma and adrenal cortical adenoma are extremely rare. The current case is a rare case of adrenal MCMT composed of ganglioneuroma and adrenal cortical adenoma with primary aldosteronism.

Patient concerns:
A 49-year-old male was admitted because of hypokalemia and an adrenal mass. He was diagnosed with hypertension in his 20s and was taking blood pressure medications.

Diagnosis:
Plasma aldosterone concentration 376.5 pg/dL (normal 37.8~233.0 pg/mL) and potassium 2.8 mmol/L (normal 3.4~4.9 mmol/L) were detected. The aldosterone-to-renin ratio [the ratio of plasma aldosterone concentration (ng/dL) to PRA (ng/mL/hour)] was 38. The saline loading test showed that serum aldosterone (49.4 ng/dL) was not suppressed, compared with the basal level (28.4 ng/dL). The adrenal venous sampling test showed that the aldosterone level markedly increased to 1521.2 pg/mL. Abdominal computed tomography revealed an enlarged relatively well-circumscribed multinodular mass (35 × 13 × 30 mm) in the right adrenal gland.

Interventions:
Laparoscopic right adrenalectomy was performed under the clinical diagnosis of a functioning adrenal cortical adenoma.

Outcomes:
After laparoscopic right adrenalectomy, the serum aldosterone and renin levels returned to normal. The patient maintained a normal aldosterone level without recurrence for 16 months.

Lessons:
Adrenal MCMTs of the ganglioneuroma and cortical adenomas in the ipsilateral adrenal gland are extremely rare. Adrenal MCMTs exhibit benign clinical behavior, with no metastasis or death due to the tumor. With the development of diagnostic imaging technology, it is possible to identify mixed tumors. However, surgical resection of adrenal gland is a common treatment and a final diagnosis should be made based on the pathological results after surgery. Because this is to rule out the occurrence of rare malignant tumors and confirm the pattern of mixed tumors.
Biosimilar erythropoietin in anemia treatment (BEAT)—Efficacy and safety of a 1:1 dose conversion from EPREX® to EPIAO® in patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis: A prospective, randomized, double blind, parallel group study
Authors: Miao Bolong , Isachkina Alina Nikolaevna , Shutov Evgeny Viktorovich , Selyutin Alexander Alekseevich , Kvitkova Lyudmila Vladimirovna , Shilo Valery Yuryevich , Vetchinnikova Olga Nikolaevna , Alexandrov Ilya Vyacheslavovich , Perlin Dmitry Vladislavovich , Zuev Alexander Vasilievich , Davydkin Igor Leonidovich , Mironova Tatyana Pavlovna , Solovyova Olga Mikhailovna , Tutin Alexey Pavlovich , Omelchenko Alexey Mikhailovich , Vareesangthip Kriengsak , Khadikova Nadezhda Georgievna , Li Man , Li Xiang 
Published: November 2022

Background:
EPREX®/ERYPO®/PROCRIT® (epoetin alfa, Janssen-Cilag GmbH) was the first available recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) and was universally reference product as per the recommendation provided by European Medicines Agency. EPIAO® is a biosimilar formulation of EPREX®, and making it a 1:1 dose conversion from EPREX® according to recommendation of European Medicines Agency. This study evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of EPIAO® in subjects with end-stage renal disease receiving hemodialysis after intravenous administration.

Methods:
This study was a multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, 2-cohort, maintenance phase, therapeutic equivalence study to evaluate a 1:1 dose conversion from EPREX® to EPIAO® in terms of clinical efficacy and safety that was conducted at 20 sites in 2 countries in patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis. Eligible subjects were treated with EPREX® (reference product of epoetin) for a period of at least 3 months before the treatment period, and then were randomly assigned to the group of EPREX® or EPIAO®. Primary endpoints were mean absolute change in hemoglobin level and mean absolute change in weekly epoetin dosage from baseline to 6 months after treatment with EPIAO®/EPREX® in parallel groups.

Results:
A total of 200 people received the random intervention and were included in the safety set. After 6, 9, and 12 months of treatment with EPIAO® or EPREX®, there were no significant differences in the hemoglobin levels of the 2 groups compared with baseline. The 95% confidence interval for the treatment difference was within the predetermined acceptable range: ±0.5 g/dL. There were no significant differences in the epoetin dosage of the 2 groups compared with the baseline. The 95% confidence interval for the treatment difference was within the predetermined acceptable range: ± 45 IU/kg. There were no significant differences in the incidence of adverse events between the EPIAO® and EPREX® groups. Most adverse events were mild to moderate and were reverted/resolved.

Conclusion:
EPIAO® demonstrated promising effectiveness and manageable safety in patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis.
The effect and safety of Bushen Huoxue Method combined with cyclophosphamide in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mao Huihui , Dai Fengming , Du Zonghua 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that involves multiple systemic organs. Bushen Huoxue Method (BSHXM) is a traditional Chinese medicine treatment, which is used for the treatment of SLE combining with cyclophosphamide. However, no systematic review has been performed to describe its effectiveness. This study provides a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of currently published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting the combination of BSHXM and cyclophosphamide for the treatment of SLE, thus providing evidences to support clinical practice.

Methods:
RCTs reporting the combination of BSHXM and cyclophosphamide for the treatment of SLE before October 2022 will be searched in the online databases, including the PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP databases and CBM. The Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB2) tool will be used to evaluate the quality of included RCTs. Meta-analysis will be performed using Stata 14.0.

Results:
Results to be published in a peer-reviewed journal providing evidence for the efficacy and safety of the combination of BSHXM and cyclophosphamide on the treatment of SLE.

Conclusions:
This study will provide a strong basis for the effectiveness and safety of the combination of BSHXM and cyclophosphamide on the treatment of SLE.
Pharmacopuncture for nerve entrapment syndrome: A protocol for systematic review
Authors: Jeong Jin-Ho , Hwang Ji Hye 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Nerve entrapment syndrome occurs when the nerves become compressed or entrapped and restricted. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of pharmacopuncture in patients with nerve entrapment syndrome.

Methods:
A search will be conducted from inception to August 2022 using the following 11 electronic databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and 6 Korean databases. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating pharmacopuncture treatment for various nerve entrapment syndromes will be considered, with no restrictions regarding the type of pharmacopuncture solution used. Two reviewers will perform the data extraction and quality assessment using a predefined data extraction form. The methodological quality of the included RCTs will be assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool.

Results:
This systematic review will provide high-quality evidence to determine the efficacy and safety of pharmacopuncture therapy for nerve entrapment syndrome.

Conclusion:
Our findings will be informative for patients with nerve entrapment syndrome, as well as clinicians, policymakers, and researchers.
Resolution of preeclampsia after selective termination in discordant twins: A case report and literature review
Authors: Liao Hua , Zeng Zhaomin , Liu Hongyan , Hu Qing , Yu Haiyan 
Published: November 2022

Rationale:
Preeclampsia is a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Growth discordance is associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia in twin pregnancies. The management of preeclampsia combined with discordant twins is difficult and controversial because of severe maternal conditions and severe growth restriction in 1 twin.

Patient concerns:
A 34-year-old woman with dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia at 29 weeks of gestation, and 1 twin with severe growth restriction and fetal intracranial hemorrhage.

Diagnosis:
The patient developed severe preeclampsia with high blood pressure (>160/100 mm Hg) and proteinuria, hydrothorax and leg edema. Ultrasound examination confirmed growth restriction (weight estimation: 915 g, <1st percentile) and abnormal umbilical flow in 1 twin (twin B), with a normal co-twin (estimated weight: 1693 g) (twin A). Magnetic resonance imaging revealed intracranial hemorrhage in the germinal matrix of twin B.

Interventions:
Selective termination of twin B by intracardiac injection of potassium chloride was performed at 31 weeks and 2 days’ gestation.

Outcomes:
Symptoms of preeclampsia resolved after selective termination, allowing the pregnancy to be prolonged for nearly 4 weeks. A healthy female infant was delivered at 35 weeks of gestation.

Conclusion:
Delivery of both fetus is not the only choice for the management for twin pregnancy with severe preeclampsia and discordant twins. Selective termination of the fetus with poor prognosis could be a reasonable treatment choice in carefully selected cases.
The combination of molecular docking and network pharmacology reveals the molecular mechanism of Danggui Niantong decoction in treating gout
Authors: Liu Yuan , Luo Di , Xu Bo 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Due to unhealthy diet and living habits, the incidence of gout is on the rise and has become a common disease with a high incidence. Danggui Niantong decoction (DGNTD), as a classic formula composed of 15 common herbs, has been widely used in clinical practice since ancient times to prevent and treat gout. However, the pharmacological mechanism and target of DGNTD are not clear.

Methods:
The potential active compounds and targets of DGNTD were obtained by traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology (TCMSP) database, and the differential genes of gout patients and controls were analyzed in gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. GSEA analysis of differential genes with GSEA 4.1.0 software and then the differential genes were intersected with the gout-related disease targets searched by GeneCard, CTD and OMIM disease database to obtain the final disease target. The “Traditional Chinese medicine-Active compounds-Targets” network was constructed by Cytoscape3.7.2 software. The R packet is used for enrichment analysis. The molecular docking between the active compound of DGNTD and the core target was verified by AutoDockTools software.

Results:
Two hundred eighty six and 244 targets of DGNTD-related active components and 652 targets of gout were obtained, of which 13 targets were potential targets of DGNTD in the treatment of gout. GSEA analysis showed that the differential genes were mainly involved in apoptosis, inflammatory reaction, and receptor metabolism and so on. Gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis shows that DGNTD regulates many biological processes, such as the response to purine-containing compound and response to lipopolysaccharide, positive regulation of acute inflammatory response and other cellular components. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis shows that DGNTD treatment of gout is mainly related to interleukin-17 (IL-17), Toll-like receptor, rheumatoid arthritis, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and so on. The results of molecular docking showed that the five active compounds in DGNTD had strong binding activity to core protein receptors.

Conclusions:
The active compounds of DGNTD may achieve the purpose of treating gout by acting on the core target (CASP8, CXCL8, FOS, IL1B, IL6, JUN, PTGS2, STAT1, MMP1, TNF) to regulate cell metabolism, proliferation and apoptosis, and improve inflammatory response, which is the result of multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway interaction. It provides an idea for the development of new combined drugs for gout.
Radiation dose of prostatic artery embolization for benign prostatic hyperplasia: A protocol for systematic review
Authors: Liu Jinglei , Zhang Kai , Wu Xiaolong , Cui Bao , Liang Zhihui 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Increasing evidence supports the efficacy and safety of prostatic artery embolization (PAE) in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. However, PAE relies on ionizing radiation, which has not been studied systematically so far. Therefore, the potential associated risks remain largely unknown and are subject to intense debate. We performed a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the clinical benefits of different radiation doses in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia undergoing PAE.

Methods:
A comprehensive search of several databases from 1966 to October 2022 was conducted. The databases include Ovid Medline In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Ovid PsycINFO, Ovid Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and PubMed. Risk of bias of the included studies was assessed by the “Risk of Bias Assessment Tool” of the Cochrane Handbook for randomized controlled trials. All data were analyzed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software package (Biostat, Engelwood, NJ).

Results:
The results will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal once completed.

Conclusion:
This review will provide reliable evidence for extensive application of PAE for benign prostatic hyperplasia and determine the most rational radiation dose for these patients.
A novel biomechanical system to intrude the upper incisors and control overbite: Posterior miniscrew-assisted lever arm and 2 cases report
Authors: Zhang Chenghao , Ji Ling , Liao Wen , Zhao Zhihe 
Published: November 2022

Rationale:
Overbite control is a key factor in orthodontic treatment. In some cases, incisor intrusion is essential and could be an optimal strategy for overbite control. The aim of this article was to introduce a biomechanical system called the posterior miniscrew-assisted lever arm, which is innovative in using existing posterior miniscrews to intrude the upper incisors and to control anterior overbite while simultaneously retracting the anterior teeth. Its efficiency in incisor intrusion has been proved with 2 cases.

Patient concerns:
Two adult women who came for orthodontic treatment with the chief complaint of convex profile were included in this study.

Diagnosis:
Both patients had similar malocclusions of Class II molar relationship, anterior deep overjet, and anterior deep overbite.

Interventions:
Their treatment plans were to extract 4 first premolars and insert 2 maxillary posterior buccal miniscrews. After teeth aligning and leveling, en masse retraction was started in both arches. During the space-closing stage, posterior miniscrew-assisted lever arms were placed in their upper arches so as to intrude upper incisors and control the overbite.

Outcomes:
After respectively 4 months and 3 months of incisor intrusion, the anterior overbite was successfully reduced to the normal range in each patient. Cephalometric analysis and superimposition also confirmed the treatment effect of this biomechanical system on incisor intrusion.

Lessons:
The posterior miniscrew-assisted lever arm is a valuable biomechanical system for intruding incisors and controlling anterior overbite.
Whole-exome sequencing analysis of amniotic fluid cells in 5 pregnant women with thalassemia: Case report
Authors: Zhang Wei , Li Xiaokang , Wu Xiaoxia , Huang Xin , Zhang Xiao , Lu Yi , Niu Jianmin , Zhang Jian 
Published: November 2022

Rationale:
While thalassemia is a monogenic disease that is relatively common worldwide, there is no recognized radical cure for thalassemia in current medical practice. Prenatal diagnosis is the most important contribution to thalassemia prevention, but due to its technical limitations, rare thalassemia mutations cannot be detected; and the birth of thalassemic babies cannot be completely circumvented. Whole-exome sequencing can, however, compensate for this shortcoming.

Patient concerns:
We report the results of whole exon sequencing of amniotic cells in 5 pregnant women with thalassemia.

Diagnosis:
Prenatal diagnosis revealed that 4 of them were α thalassemia carriers and 1 of them was β thalassemia carrier.

Interventions and Outcomes:
We collected amniotic fluid of 5 pregnant women (age range: 25–27 years, Mean ± SD: 28 ± 1.8) with thalassemia. The gestational ages ranged between 16 and 19 weeks. The cells were separated from the amniotic fluid and passaged until a sufficient number of cells were obtained for exome sequencing. We therefore employed whole-exome sequencing of amniotic fluid cells from thalassemic carriers to validate prenatal diagnostic results and to identify novel mutation sites. We found that 4 of 5 samples are SEA which is consistent with the clinical prenatal diagnosis. However, 2 of 5 samples were point mutations in the HBB gene, and were thus different from the clinical prenatal diagnosis.

Conclusion:
The identifications from this study showed that prenatal diagnosis has limitations. Whole-exome sequencing can compensate for this shortcoming. And this study would add new insights into understanding of molecular mechanisms in thalassemia.