bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liver microbiota in healthy rats: the hidden inhabitants of hepatocytes
Authors: Sun Xiao Wei , Zhang Hua , Zhang Xiao , Xin Peng Fei , Gao Xue , Li Hong Rui , Zhou Cai Yun , Gao Wen Min , Kou Xuan Xuan , Zhang Jian Gang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The tumor and tissue microbiomes of human beings have recently been investigated. Gut permeability is known as a possible resource for the positive detection of tissue bacteria. Herein, we report that bacteria were detected in high abundance in the hepatocytes of healthy rats, and that they were shared with the gut microbiota to an extent. We assessed male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats for the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene. After rats were sacrificed by blood drainage from the portal vein, we extracted total deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from their ileal and colonic contents and liver tissues. The V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced using an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. Sequences were assigned taxonomically by the SILVA database. We also detected bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) in situ using immunofluorescence (IF) and western blotting and the 16S rRNA gene using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). In the livers of six rats, we detected 54,867.50 ± 6450.03 effective tags of the 16S rRNA gene and clustered them into 1003 kinds of operational taxonomic units (OTUs; 805.67 ± 70.14, 729–893). Individuals showed conservation of bacterial richness, abundance, and evenness. LPS and 16S rRNA gene were detected in the nuclei of hepatocytes. The main function composition of the genomes of the annotated bacteria was correlated with metabolism (79.92 ± 0.24%). Gram negativity was about 1.6 times higher than gram positivity. Liver bacteria were shared with both the small and large intestines but showed significantly higher richness, evenness, and β-diversity results showed that the liver microbiota exhibited significantly higher similarity than the small and large intestines (P < 0.05). The liver microbiota were hidden intracellular inhabitants in healthy rat livers and were shared with the gut microbiota.
Sustainability for All? The challenges of predicting and managing the potential risks of end-of-life electric vehicles and their batteries in the Global South
Authors: Prates Luisa Ferolla Spyer , Karthe Daniel , Zhang Lulu , Wang Lili , O’Connor Jack , Halim Lee , Dornack Christina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The transition from fossil-fuel-based internal combustion vehicles to electric vehicles plays a key role to decarbonize road transport and mitigate climate change. Even though this transition is still in its infancy, it is important to consider not only its environmental benefits but also its potential side-effects. The current electric vehicle fleet is expected to increase from 2.4 million in 2020 to 81 million in 2050 (Slowik et al. 2020), when more than half of all new cars sold are predicted to be battery-electric vehicles (BEVs). End-of-life (EOL) BEVs and their components (particularly the batteries) are far more challenging to manage than their fossil-fueled predecessors as they contain large amounts of chemical substances that constitute potential hazards to the environment and human health and safety.
The paper discusses relevant topics for understanding future risks of transition to electric mobility in the Global South countries, which include the international used vehicle fluxes; waste management challenges for EoL BEV and its lithium-ion batteries (LIB); environmental and human health impacts of EoL LIBs disposal and policies and regulations for the e-vehicle life cycle. Recommendations to support the development of science-based policies to close regulation gaps of the used electric vehicle international trade flow, avoid pollution-shifting and guarantee a sustainable transition to e-mobility in the Global South countries are given. As a conclusion, an integrated approach from international and national stakeholders is fundamental to guarantee strong policies and regulations as well as to support the development of a sound management of EoL EV and LIBs in the Global South countries and help pave the way to a global circular economy.
Investigating recent land use/land cover changes in Upper Tekeze river sub-basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Godana Galma 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Mapping trends in land use-landcover (LULC) changes of an area is necessary for a different application; including assessing hydrological regimes, processes, and changes. The study aims to quantify the recent and historical LULC changes in Upper Tekeze river basin. Image from Landsat of 1992 (TM), 2002 (TM), and 2018 (Landsat 8/OLI) was used to derive seven land use land cover class of Upper Tekeze basin, by using Remote Sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) using supervised classification. Transition matrix was applied to identify changes experienced. The result indicates that a significant change in LULC was experienced in the Upper Tekeze River basin in the last three decades (the 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s). The predominant LULC types in the area were found to be agricultural land and cropland. Though there is an increment in agricultural land, the rate at which the area increased was declined over time. The gain for agricultural land was mostly from grassland and forest land. This resulted in an environmental problem such as the degradation of the land in the area. Unremitting conversion of the natural system (forest land, grassland, shrubland, and wetland) to agricultural land might contribute to soil loss and nutrient depletion, which in turn leads to diminishment of soil productivity, and biodiversity loss. The finding from this paper can be used as an input for assessing the impact of the changes in environmental stress in the basin.
[18F]FDG PET/CT in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a head-to-head between visual point-scales and the added value of multi-modality imaging
Authors: Ferrari Cristina , Santo Giulia , Mammucci Paolo , Rubini Dino , Sciacqua Alessio , Sardaro Angela , Pisani Antonio Rosario , Rubini Giuseppe 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents the 6th leading cancer worldwide. In most cases, patients present a locally advanced disease at diagnosis and non-surgical curative treatment is considered the standard of care. Nowadays, [18F]FDG PET/CT is a validated tool in post-treatment evaluation, with a high level of evidence. However, in order to standardize imaging response, several visual scales have been proposed with none of them approved yet. The study aim is a head-to-head comparison between the diagnostic performance of the Hopkins criteria, Deauville score and the new proposed Cuneo score, to establish their prognostic role. Secondly, we investigate the possible added value of semiquantitative analysis and morphological data.
Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis on histologically proven HNSCC patients who underwent baseline and response assessment [18F]FDG PET/CT. Post-treatment scans were reviewed according to Hopkins, Deauville, and Cuneo criteria, assigning a score to the primary tumor site and lymph nodes. A per-patient final score for each scale was chosen, corresponding to the highest score between the two sites. Diagnostic performance was then calculated for each score considering any evidence of locoregional progression in the first 3 months as the gold standard. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan Meier method. SUVmax and its delta, as well as the product of diameters of the lymph node with the highest uptake at post-treatment scan, if present, were calculated.
Results
A total of 43 patients were finally included in the study. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy were 87%, 86%, 76%, 92% and 86% for Hopkins score, whereas 93%, 79%, 70%, 96%, and 84% for Deauville score, respectively. Conversely, the Cuneo score reached the highest specificity and PPV (93% and 78%, respectively) but the lowest sensitivity (47%), NPV (76%), and accuracy (77%). Each scale significantly correlated with PFS and OS. The multivariate analysis revealed the Cuneo criteria and the product of diameters as prognostic factors for PFS.
Conclusions
Each visual score statistically correlated with prognosis thus demonstrating the reliability of point-scale criteria in HNSCC. The novel Cuneo score showed the highest specificity, but the lowest sensibility compared to Hopkins and Deauville criteria. Moreover, combining visual analyses with morphological data extracted from PET/CT could support the evaluation of doubtful cases.
Phenotypic variability for conformation traits of BON cattle in Colombia
Authors: Ríos Hernán Issaías Medina , Toro Edison Julián Ramírez , Cerón-Muñoz Mario Fernando , Paz William Burgos 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the variability of conformation traits (CT) in three BON cattle subpopulations with different herd management. For this study, using the nine-point scores of 20 CT as well as breed characterization and final score in 929 cows were analyzed. Descriptive statistics alongside hierarchical cluster analysis were performed. It was found that legs and feet traits had the slightest phenotypic variability whereas traits related to musculature and the fore attach and udder depth traits showed the higher variability. The herarchical clustering revealed relationships that allow analyzing the phenotypic trend between animals according to herd management and breeding objectives.
A “signal-off” photoelectrochemical aptasensing for ATP based on Zinc Oxide/graphene nanocomposite prepared by graphene oxide’s catalytic decomposition performance towards zinc sulfateat low-temperature
Authors: Yan Yuting , Du XiaoXue , Li Lizhi , Li Qian , Wang Qirui , Mao Hanping 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Optimization synthesis of semiconductor nanostructures with controlled crystallinity, size and morphology for improving inherent property of photoactive materials is crucial for achieving excellent PEC biosensor. Here, we tried to synthesize ZnO/graphene nanocomposite (ZnO/GR) via thermal decomposition using zinc sulfate and graphene oxide (GO) as starting materials. It was found that the annealing temperature greatly affects the phase transition and nanocrystallites size of the as-prepared nanostructure. Interestingly, the existence of GO can greatly decrease the decomposition temperature of zinc sulfate from 930°C to 530°C, solving the problem of zinc sulfate rarely used as a precursor for preparing ZnO because of its high decomposition temperature at 930°C. Further, we investigated the photoelectrochemical (PEC) behavior of these different nanostructures obtained under variety of temperatures. And the results indicated that nanocomposite obtained under temperature of 700°C have significant PEC efficiency, which was attributed to more uniform and well distributed nanocrystallite size and sulfur doping into the graphene under the temperature of 700°C. Finally, a “signal-off” PEC sensor was designed for Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) detection based on a ZnO/GR-700°C nanocomposite as photoactive materials and an ATP-binding aptamer as the recognition element. The proposed “signal-off” PEC aptasensing exhibited a wide linear range from 5 to 3000 nM with a low detection limit of 1.66 nM.
Flower morphology attributes of fruit yield of tea (Camellia sinensis L.)
Authors: Lo Shih-Kai , Hu Chih-Yi , Roan Su-Fen , Chen Iou-Zen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: This study investigated the relationship between the flower morphology and fruit yield of tea plants. Tea plants have late self-incompatibility, and cross-pollination can improve fruit yield. However, fruit yield considerably differs among tea varieties. Other factors might affect pollination and fruit yield. This study analyzed 106 tea varieties to determine the relationship between flower morphology and fruit yield.Results: The average fruit yield per plant of the tea varieties exhibited a positively skewed distribution. The higher the yield was, the lower was the proportion of the varieties. According to the relative position between the anther and stigma, the tea varieties were divided into the stigma and anther superior groups. Multiple relationships were observed between floral morphology and fruit yield. The stigma superior group accounted for approximately 85% of the population, and fruit yield was significantly higher in the stigma superior group than in the anther superior group. The longer the pistil was than the stamen, the higher the fruit yield was. The effect of the style width on fruit yield was opposite between the groups. In the stigma superior group, the wider the style width was, the higher was the fruit yield. By contrast, in the anther superior group, the wider the style width was, the lower was the fruit yield.Conclusion: Flower morphology affects the fruit yield of tea plants. In tea breeding, the stigma being higher than the anther is conducive for harvesting fruit. Moreover, the increase in the style width is beneficial for increasing fruit yield and might help pollinating insects in contacting the stigma.
Response of fine-and shallow root traits to freeze-thaw cycle more sensitive in an alpine steppe of the Northern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: qin xiaojing , Wang Xiaodan , Hong Jiangtao , Nie Xiaojun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Aims: There is compelling evidence from experiments and observations that the soil environment in the nongrowing season influences vegetation in alpine regions. The response of root traits such as morphology and anatomical and antioxidant enzyme systems to freeze-thaw cycles plays an important role in the relationship between aboveground parts and climate change. Methods: We measured functional root traits of six species by digging and growth chambers over freezing and thawing periods. Results: The uniformity of root traits was more obvious in spring than that in late autumn. Most importantly, fine-and shallow-root presented acquisitive syndromes in spring. Root morphological and anatomical traits affect freeze-thaw cycles by influencing root water and nutrient uptake. Conclusions: We therefore argue for explicit consideration of the correlation between the manipulation of freeze-thaw cycles and root traits in further. Better representation of the dynamics and characteristics of annual production and mortality of alpine roots will improve the utility of adaptive strategies for the evaluation of the responses of seasonal frozen ground ecosystems to changing environmental conditions.
Reproductive strategy of the annual fish Leptopanchax opalescens (Rivulidae) and trade-off between egg size and maximum body length in temporary wetlands
Authors: Guedes Gustavo Henrique Soares , Gomes Iracema David , Nascimento Aparecida Alves do , de Azevedo Marcia Cristina Costa , Souto-Santos Igor Cavalcanti de Araújo , Buckup Paulo Andreas , Araújo Francisco Gerson 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Leptopanchax opalescens is a critically endangered small annual fish. Reproductive traits of this species were studied to improve our understanding of the strategies that facilitate the occupation of temporary wetlands. We compiled egg diameter and maximum total length (TLmax) data from 132 neotropical freshwater fish (83 genera, 43 families) to establish comparisons with this species. We used the egg diameter / TLmax ratio to test the hypothesis that annual fish in temporary wetlands have relatively larger eggs than non-annual species from perennial habitats (lakes, rivers). Fish were collected from Guandu River drainages (Brazil). DNA barcoding was employed to confirm the species identity. The phases of gonadal development and spawn type were described using histological techniques. Egg size and fecundity were determined with microscopic analysis. Females with batch spawning and males with continuous spawning were detected. The bath fecundity ranged from 22–32 vitellogenic oocytes (mean 27 ± 7 SD). Annual species presented greater relative egg size than perennial species (p < 0.001), which is an indication of greater reproductive investment at the expense of somatic growth in temporary wetlands. Larger eggs are advantageous for annual fish as their lifespan is limited, and they can allocate a greater amount of yolk reserves for long periods buried in the substrate under embryonic diapause. Large relative oocytes, spawning in batches, synchronous modal development of oocytes, continued production of sperm in males, and a complex process of embryonic diapause are reproductive traits that favor resilience of L. opalescens and other annual fish in temporary wetlands.
Efficient thin-film micro extraction of trace herbicides from food samples using composite electrospun PVC/EVA/CS/Str nanofibers prior to CD-IMS analysis
Authors: Nejabatia Fatemeh , Aminia Shima , Ebrahimzadeh Homeira 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An electrospun composite of poly vinyl chloride/ethylene vinyl acetate/chitosan/starch (PVC/EVA/CS/Str) was synthesized and used as a new sorbent for thin film-micro solid phase extraction (TF-µSPE) of atrazine (ATZ) and ametryn (AMT) prior to corona discharge-ionic mobility spectrometry (CD-IMS) analysis. From the evaluation of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the synthesis of composite nanaofibers was approved. Based on the investigations, thanks to the existence of CS/Str, the synthesized composite nanofibers exhibited large surface area, high porosity, and acceptable reusability. Also, the sorbent provided various interactions with the intended analytes, (hydrophobic contacts, hydrogen bonding, and π-π stacking interactions) resulting in the improvement of extraction efficiency. Effective factors on adsorption and desorption steps were optimized by using both design-expert and one at time method. Under the optimized conditions, the linearity was obtained 8.0-300.0 ng. mL− 1 with determination coefficient (r2) ≥ 0.9821. Limits of detection (LOD) based on S/N = 3 were 2.5 ng.mL− 1 and 2.3 ng. mL− 1 for ATZ and AMT, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) were in range of between 4.8 and 7.0%. Finally, the efficiency of the TF-µSPE-CD-IMS method was evaluated for the determination of ATZ and AMT in lettuce, tomato, and milk samples with good recoveries (88.6 to 98.1%).
Overexpression of long noncoding RNA 4933425B07Rik leads to renal hypoplasia by inactivating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Xue Shanshan , Du Xuanjin , Yu Minghui , Ju Haixin , Tan Lihong , Li Yaxin , Liu Jialu , Wang Chunyan , Wu Xiaohui , Xu Hong , Shen Qian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) refer to a diverse group of developmental malformations, which are the leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease in children. The etiology and pathogenesis of CAKUT are complex. In recent years, the relationship between long noncoding RNAs and renal development and disease has attracted much attention. Our previous study established a long noncoding RNA 4933425B07Rik (Rik) overexpression mouse model by inserting the PB transposon and found that overexpression of Rik led to renal hypoplasia. This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanism of renal hypoplasia induced by Rik overexpression in vitro.
Results
In this study, by constructing Rik overexpression cell models and a Rik knockout cell model to accompany previously developed RikPB/PB;Hoxb7 mice and by applying RNA-seq, RT‒PCR and other experimental methods, it was found that when Rik was highly expressed, the expression of Wnt10b, Fzd8 and β-catenin decreased, while Rik was knock down, the expression of these genes increased.
Conclusions
The findings suggest that overexpression of Rik leads to renal hypoplasia by inactivating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. This research perspective may provide a basis for exploring new causes and mechanisms of CAKUT and provide new targets for the prevention and treatment of CAKUT.
Transcription factor EB sets the stage for fate decisions of antigen-primed B cells in the absence and presence of co-stimulation
Authors: Wienands Jürgen , Münchhalfen Matthias , Görg Richard , Löber Jens , Willenbrink Jakob , Schwarzt Laura , Höltermann Charlotte , Chapuy Björn , Ickes Christian , Kus Jan , Engels Niklas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Ligation of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) initiates humoral immunity. However, mere BCR signaling without subsequent co-stimulation by T cells commits B cells to death rather than to differentiation into immune effector cells. It remains mysterious how the BCR simultaneously executes the opposing roles of B cell priming necessary for proper immune responsiveness and elimination of potentially autoreactive B cells deprived of co-stimulatory signals. Here, we uncover transcription factor EB (TFEB) as a hitherto unknown BCR effector and central rheostat that drives antigen-induced apoptosis, and in parallel, renders primed B cells responsive to co-stimulatory rescue signals through promotion of lymphocyte migration and antigen presentation. Balanced integration of BCR-induced death with survival signals occurs at the converging point of Bcl-xL-controlled apoptosis rather than autophagic circuits for which TFEB is a well-known master regulator. Collectively, B cell reprogramming for differentiation and immune memory appears to be hallmarked by non-canonical TFEB signals.
ZBTB7A suppresses glioblastoma tumorigenesis through the transcriptional repression of EPB41L5
Authors: Choi Kyung-Chul , Jeong Ji-Hoon , Park Seung-Ho , Kim Hyunhee , Nam Hae Yun , Kim Sunghak , Jeong Minseok , Kong Min-Jeong , Son Jihyun , Jeong Ji-Eun , Song Ji-Hye , Kim Seong Who 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most aggressive and malignant glioma, has poor prognosis. Although patients with GBM are treated with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, GBM is highly resistant to treatment, difficult to treat, and expensive. In this study, we analyzed the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis dataset, the Cancer Genome Atlas dataset, and Gene Expression Omnibus array data. ZBTB7A (also called FBI1/POKEMON/LRF) was found to be highly expressed in low-grade GBM, but significantly reduced in patients with GBM. ZBTB7A is a transcription factor that plays an important role in many developmental stages, including cell proliferation. The activation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer is a key process in cancer progression and metastasis. Erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 Like 5 (EPB41L5) is an essential protein for EMT progression and metastasis in various types of cancer. We found that ZBTB7A-depleted U87 cells exhibited GBM progression and metastasis. Based on RNA sequencing data, ZBTB7A directly binds to the promoter of the EPB41L5 gene, reducing its expression and inhibiting GBM progression. We demonstrated that ZBTB7A dramatically inhibited GBM tumor growth through transcriptional repression of EPB41L5. Thus, both ZBTB7A and EPB41L5 may be potential biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets for GBM treatment. Taken together, we discovered the role of a novel tumor suppressor, ZBTB7A, that directly inhibits GBM progression, and EPB41L5 is a therapeutic target protein for patients with GBM and an essential protein for the development of GBM therapeutics.