bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermality of the Unruh effect with intermediate statistics
Authors: Feng Jun , Zhang Jing-Jun , Zhou Yihao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Utilizing quantum coherence monotone, we re-examine the thermal nature of the Unruh effect of an accelerating detector. We consider a UDW detector coupling to a n-dimensional conformal field in the Minkowski spacetime, whose response spectrum generally exhibits an intermediate statistics of the

anyon field. We find that the thermal nature of the Unruh effect guaranteed by the KMS condition is characterized by a vanishing asymptotic quantum coherence. We show that the time evolution of coherence monotone can distinguish the different thermalizing ways of the detector, which depends on the scaling dimension of the conformal primary field. In particular, for the conformal background with certain scaling dimension, we demonstrate that at fixed proper time a revival of coherence can occur even for the growing Unruh decoherence. Finally, we show that coherence monotone has distinct dynamics under the Unruh decoherence and a thermal bath for a static observer.
Placement of Stereotactic Electroencephalography Depth Electrodes Using the Stealth Autoguide Robotic System: Technical Methods and Initial Results
Authors: Tay Angelique Sao-Mai S. , Menaker Simon A. , Chan Julie L. , Mamelak Adam N. 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND:
Robotic systems are gaining acceptance as a preferred tool for the placement of electrodes for stereotactic electroencephalography (SEEG) studies.

OBJECTIVE:
To describe the technical methods for insertion of SEEG using the Medtronic Stealth Autoguide robotic system and detailed outcomes in the initial 9 patients implanted.

METHODS:
Nine patients underwent placement of electrodes for SEEG studies with the use of the Autoguide system. Patients had at least 10 electrodes placed. Targets were planned on a Stealth S8 planning station, and electrodes were placed under general anesthesia. A technique for placement is described in detail. Patient outcomes and accuracy of electrode placement were evaluated. Methods to improve accuracy were investigated. Comparison of postoperative MRIs with preoperative planning MRIs was performed to determine the accuracy of electrode placement.

RESULTS:
One hundred two electrodes were placed in 9 patients. Methods for placement and technical nuances are detailed. The distance from the planned target to the actual position of the electrode tip was measured in 8 of the 9 patients. The mean Euclidean distance was 4.67 ± 0.27 mm. There was 1 placement-related hemorrhage deficit in the first patient, and no deaths or infections. Adequate positioning of electrodes for seizure monitoring was obtained in all patients.

CONCLUSION:
Autoguide can be used for placement of electrodes for SEEG studies with acceptable degrees of patient safety, accuracy, and efficiency. Considering the cost of Autoguide compared with other robotic devices, it may be attractive option.
Cloning data with unchanged estimates of estimable non-linear functions of parameters
Authors: Hussain Sajid , Daniyal Muhammad , Ogundokun Roseline Oluwaseun , Shad Muhammad Yousaf , Iqbal Zafar , Ahmed Rashid 
Published: March 2022

Non-linear regression models occur in the fields of biology, banking, economics, and sociology, population and biological growth. The absolute growth, growth of humans, and most importantly, an economic variable is appropriately described by non-linear regression models. In this article, we present cloned datasets for bivariate and multivariate non-linear regression models with the same non-linear regression fit. The application of such cloned datasets is used for the confidentiality of sensitive data for publication purposes. In this article, we present cloned data sets which will yield the same fitted non-linear regression models.
Disease burden of cardiovascular conditions complicating pregnancy in Sri Lanka: a protocol
Authors: Hettiarachchi Ayesh , Lokunarangoda Niroshan , Agampodi Thilini , Agampodi Suneth 
Published: March 2022

Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the commonest indirect medical cause of maternal deaths worldwide, both in high-income and low and middle-income countries. To minimize the effects of CVD in pregnancy, proper risk assessment and appropriate referral is required. In Sri Lanka, cardiovascular disease complicating pregnancy is a significant cause of maternal mortality, second only to postpartum hemorrhage. Screening for CVD in pregnancy in Sri Lanka is limited to a routine clinical assessment. Evidence-based guidelines are yet to be developed, and this deficit may have resulted in a substantial underestimation of the CVD burden. This study aims to determine the burden of CVD in early pregnancy and develop a risk prediction model to be used in field pregnancy clinics in Sri Lanka to reduce CVD effects in pregnancy. Methods A prospective cohort study was carried out in the Anuradhapura district, Sri Lanka. Following registration to the antenatal care, pregnant women fulfilling the eligibility criteria were invited to attend a special clinic at their relevant Medical Officer of Health (MOH) area. Risk assessment was done through history and a clinical examination, and suspected/probable cases were referred for an echocardiogram by a consultant cardiologist. All the recruited participants in the first trimester were prospectively followed up and screened again between 24–28 weeks of the period of amenorrhoea (POA). Antenatal ward admissions with CVD complicating pregnancy will be extracted, and a telephone interview will be carried out between 6–12 weeks after the expected delivery date to cover postpartum morbidities. Discussion This proposed study will be the largest of its kind carried out in the local setting. The study's findings will be beneficial for policymakers to develop guidelines to reduce maternal cardiovascular disease morbidities and mortalities in Sri Lanka.
Case Report: Glans penile necrosis in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 and leprosy infection
Authors: Ismy Jufriady , Khalilullah Said Alfin , Bahagianto Aditya Fajar 
Published: March 2022

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was firstly identified in China and has been declared a global pandemic. Several serious extrapulmonary manifestations due to SARS-CoV-2 infection have also been reported and associated with hypercoagulability thrombotic vasculopathy. In addition, cases of Mycobacterium-leprae infection have also been known associated with blood coagulation abnormality. Methods: Here, we report a 56-year-old male with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) with concomitant leprosy infection with manifestation of glans penile necrosis, presented to the emergency department with acute penile pain. This case is unique because no occlusion blood flow to the penile was observed in the radiographic imaging. We described the potential pathophysiology in this case through a literature review. Results: The patient received treatment according to the COVID-19 protocol and was given low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) therapy for 4 days. During the follow up, the clinical and functional condition of the penis showed significant improvement. Conclusions: Microthrombus involvement, platelet abnormalities and impaired hemostasis due to SARS-CoV-2 and leprosy co-infection are the hypothesis in this case report.
Treaty on Open Skies in a regional context: The implications of the US and the Russia’s decisions to withdraw from the treaty for the security of South Caucasus and Georgia
Authors: Suwara Ewa M. 
Published: March 2022

The Treaty on Open Skies has been an important legal instrument contributing to global arms control in recent years. Signed in 1992, the Treaty on Open Skies allows the monitoring and collection of data on military potential through observation flights over one another’s territories, thus becoming a confidence-building and transparency measure among its signatories. The recent decisions by the US and Russia to withdraw from this agreement impact the security situation globally and regionally. They reflect a gradual erosion of the architecture of arms control that has been introduced since the end of the Cold War. Georgia remains the only state in the South Caucasus to be a signatory to this Treaty. It is also the only state in the region to remain (since 2008) in a conflict with Russia. While striving to join the EU and NATO, it lies on the land of strategic importance to Russia and other regional and global players. The main objective of this publication is to discuss the importance of the Treaty on Open Skies, considering its specificity from a regional perspective, and to assess the implications of the withdrawals of the US and Russia from the Treaty on security in Georgia and in the South Caucasus. Using a descriptive approach and legal-political analysis, the author discusses the creation, functioning, and causes of the breakdown of this legal-institutional system, while looking at its importance for global arms control and security related consequences it may trigger for the region. A closer look at the South Caucasus highlights the author’s belief in the Treaty’s critical role in the region and the importance of preserving its existence.
Mixing It Up: Operational Impact of Hospitalist Caseload and Case-Mix
Authors: Kamalahmadi Masoud , Bretthauer Kurt M. , Helm Jonathan E. , Mills Alex F. , Coe Edwin C. , Judy-Malcolm Alisa , Kara Areeba , Pan Julian 
Published: March 2022

Hospitalists are medical doctors that specialize in the care of hospitalized patients, a role that until recently belonged to primary care physicians. We develop an operational model of hospitalist-patient interactions with rounding and responding service modes, optimizing hospitalist caseload and case-mix to achieve the maximal reduction in patient length of stay (LOS). We show that hospitalists are effective at reducing LOS for patients with complex conditions, corroborating intuitive reasoning. However, the optimal hospitalist case-mix also includes “simple” patients with few interventions and short LOS, as they can effectively reduce discharge delays. This actionable insight is particularly salient for small community hospitals with simple, short-stay patients, where hospitalists may be undervalued due to the prevailing belief that they are primarily effective for complex patients. We conduct a comparative case study of a small community hospital and a large academic hospital, drawing a stark contrast between the two in terms of ideal caseload and patient coverage. Despite the fact that the academic hospital treats higher complexity patients, hospitalists at the community hospital should actually have a lower caseload than hospitalists at the academic hospital due to shorter stays in the community hospital. We find that both hospitals are understaffed but for different reasons: the academic hospital needs to staff more hospitalists to reduce the current caseload of its hospitalists, whereas the community hospital needs to staff more hospitalists to expand its hospitalist coverage to more patients. We estimate that these hospitals can save on average $1.5 million annually by implementing the optimal staffing policies. This paper was accepted by Stefan Scholtes, healthcare management. Funding: This work was supported by a PSC-CUNY Award, jointly funded by The Professional Staff Congress and The City University of New York. Supplemental Material: The e-companion and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4342 .
Vertical Integration and Foreclosure: Evidence from Production Network Data
Authors: Boehm Johannes , Sonntag Jan 
Published: March 2022

This paper studies the prevalence of potential anticompetitive effects of vertical mergers using a novel data set on U.S. and international buyer-seller relationships and across a large range of industries. We find that relationships are more likely to break when suppliers vertically integrate with one of the buyers’ competitors than when they vertically integrate with an unrelated firm. This relationship holds for both domestic and cross-border mergers and for domestic and international relationships. It also holds when instrumenting mergers using exogenous downward pressure on the supplier’s stock prices, suggesting that reverse causality is unlikely to explain the result. In contrast, the relationship vanishes when using rumored or announced but not completed integration events. Firms experience a substantial drop in sales when one of their suppliers integrates with one of their competitors. This sales drop is mitigated if the firm has alternative suppliers in place. These findings are consistent with anticompetitive effects of vertical mergers, such as vertical foreclosure, rising input costs for rivals, or self-foreclosure. This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy. Funding: This work was supported by a Banque de France/Sciences Po Partnership. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4363 .
Albinism in a wild Caribbean night monkey (Aotus griseimembra) in a fragmented landscape in Colombia
Authors: Montilla Sebastián O. , Link Andrés 
Published: March 2022

El albinismo es el resultado de la ausencia completa de melanina producto de mutaciones en los genes OCA y TYR. Esta condición ha sido considerada rara en especies de primates y podría afectar la sobrevivencia y las interacciones intraespecificas de los individuos. El objetivo de esta nota es reportar el albinismo de un individuo silvestre del mono nocturno caribeño (Aotus griseimembra) en un paisaje fragmentado en Santander, Colombia. Durante 2020 y 2021 visitamos el dormidero de un grupo social del mono nocturno caribeño que habita un pequeño fragmento de bosque rodeado por pastizales destinados a ganadería y cultivos de palma. Dentro del grupo social registramos a un individuo juvenil de sexo desconocido con evidente albinismo, el cual comparte su dormidero con 3 individuos más con coloración normal. A diferencia de especies diurnas, los registros de individuos albinos en primates nocturnos son escasos y han sido nulos para los monos nocturnos del Nuevo Mundo (Aotus spp.), por lo tanto, es probable que, en estas especies de hábitos nocturnos, el albinismo imponga retos adicionales de sobrevivencia. Es necesario obtener datos ecológicos y genéticos que permitan entender los orígenes e implicaciones del albinismo en el mono nocturno caribeño.
Childhood factors associated with suicidal ideation among South African youth: A 28-year longitudinal study of the Birth to Twenty Plus cohort
Authors: Orri Massimiliano , Ahun Marilyn N. , Naicker Sara , Besharati Sahba , Richter Linda M. 
Published: March 2022

Background
Although early life factors are associated with increased suicide risk in youth, there is a dearth of research on these associations for individuals growing up in disadvantaged socioeconomic contexts, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We documented the association between individual, familial, and environmental factors in childhood with suicidal ideation among South African youth.

Methods and findings
We used data from 2,020 participants in the Birth to Twenty Plus (Bt20+) study, a South African cohort following children born in Soweto, Johannesburg from birth (1990) to age 28 years (2018). Suicidal ideation was self-reported at ages 14, 17, 22, and 28 years, and the primary outcome of interest was suicidal ideation reported at any age. We assessed individual, familial, and socioeconomic characteristics at childbirth and during infancy, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) between ages 5 and 13 years, and externalizing and internalizing problems between 5 and 10 years. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) of suicidal ideation for individuals exposed to selected childhood factors using logistic regression. Lifetime suicidal ideation was reported by 469 (23.2%) participants, with a 1.7:1 female/male ratio. Suicidal ideation rates peaked at age 17 and decreased thereafter. Socioeconomic adversity, low birth weight, higher birth order (i.e., increase in the order of birth in the family: first, second, third, fourth, or later born child), ACEs, and childhood externalizing problems were associated with suicidal ideation, differently patterned among males and females. Socioeconomic adversity (OR 1.13, CI 1.01 to 1.27, P = 0.031) was significantly associated with suicidal ideation among males only, while birth weight (OR 1.20, CI 1.02 to 1.41, P = 0.03), ACEs (OR 1.11, CI 1.01 to 1.21, P = 0.030), and higher birth order (OR 1.15, CI 1.07 to 1.243, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with suicidal ideation among females only. Externalizing problems in childhood were significantly associated with suicidal ideation among both males (OR 1.23, 1.08 to 1.40, P = 0.002) and females (OR 1.16, CI 1.03 to 1.30, P = 0.011). Main limitations of the study are the high attrition rate (62% of the original sample was included in this analysis) and the heterogeneity in the measurements of suicidal ideation.

Conclusions
In this study from South Africa, we observed that early life social and environmental adversities as well as childhood externalizing problems are associated with increased risk of suicidal ideation during adolescence and early adulthood.
The natural history of ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T): A systematic review
Authors: Petley Emily , Yule Alexander , Alexander Shaun , Ojha Shalini , Whitehouse William P. 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundAtaxia-telangiectasia is an autosomal recessive, multi-system, and life-shortening disease caused by mutations in the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated gene. Although widely reported, there are no studies that give a comprehensive picture of this intriguing condition.ObjectivesUnderstand the natural history of ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T), as reported in scientific literature.Search methods107 search terms were identified and divided into 17 searches. Each search was performed in PubMed, Ovid SP (MEDLINE) 1946-present, OVID EMBASE 1980 –present, Web of Science core collection, Elsevier Scopus, and Cochrane Library.Selection criteriaAll human studies that report any aspect of A-T.Data collection and analysisSearch results were de-duplicated, data extracted (including author, publication year, country of origin, study design, population, participant characteristics, and clinical features). Quality of case-control and cohort studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa tool. Findings are reported descriptively and where possible data collated to report median (interquartile range, range) of outcomes of interest.Main results1314 cases reported 2134 presenting symptoms. The most common presenting symptom was abnormal gait (1160 cases; 188 studies) followed by recurrent infections in classical ataxia-telangiectasia and movement disorders in variant ataxia-telangiectasia. 687 cases reported 752 causes of death among which malignancy was the most frequently reported cause. Median (IQR, range) age of death (n = 294) was 14 years 0 months (10 years 0 months to 23 years 3 months, 1 year 3 months to 76 years 0 months).ConclusionsThis review demonstrates the multi-system involvement in A-T, confirms that neurological symptoms are the most frequent presenting features in classical A-T but variants have diverse manifestations. We found that most individuals with A-T have life limited to teenage or early adulthood. Predominance of case reports, and case series demonstrate the lack of robust evidence to determine the natural history of A-T. We recommend population-based studies to fill this evidence gap.
Community pharmacists’ attitudes toward practice-based research and their perceived utilization of scientific evidence
Authors: Alefishat Eman , Jarab Anan S. , Muflih Suhaib , Aqeel Abdel Wahab 
Published: March 2022

Background
Enhancing the contribution of practicing pharmacists into scientific evidence via practice-based research (PBR) is crucial in maintaining high-quality clinical practice and healthcare delivery. Involving community pharmacists in PBR can potentially can also help break barriers to the utilization of the current best evidence in everyday pharmacy practice. The impact of pharmacists’ attitude towards PBR on their utilization of current best evidence in pharmacy practice is understudied.

Objectives
The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of community pharmacists’ attitudes toward PBR on their utilization of current best evidence, barriers for conducting PBR in clinical practice were also investigated.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 169 community pharmacists working across Jordan filled a questionnaire to assess their attitudes towards PBR, barriers to PBR, and their utilization of the current best evidence in clinical practice.

Results
Pharmacists in this study showed a positive attitude toward PBR (attitude mean score >3.5). A positive attitude towards PBR was associated with high utilization of the best current scientific evidence. We also investigated several barriers to PBR and their association with utilization those included; the lack of perceived benefits, lack of institutional support, and lack of self-engagements of community pharmacists to PBR. The lack of perceived benefit was found to be negatively associated with pharmacists’ utilization of the current best scientific evidence.

Conclusion
In this study, pharmacists’ utilization of current best evidence was found to be significantly impacted by their attitude toward PBR. The current study findings highlight the importance of supporting, promoting, and facilitating PBR among community pharmacists which can potentially enhance their utilization of the current best evidence in their everyday pharmacy practice.
Radiation exposure and clinical outcome in patients undergoing percutaneous intradiscal ozone therapy for disc herniation: Fluoroscopic versus conventional CT guidance
Authors: Somma Francesco , D’Agostino Vincenzo , Negro Alberto , Piscitelli Valeria , Tamburrini Stefania , Sicignano Carmine , Fasano Fabrizio , Peluso Silvio , Villa Alessandro , Pace Gianvito , Sarti Giuseppe , La Tessa Giuseppe Maria Ernesto , Pezzullo Giovanna , Gatta Gianluca , Caranci Ferdinando 
Published: March 2022

PurposeTo compare technical success, clinical success, complications and radiation dose for percutaneous intradiscal ozone therapy in patients with lumbar disc herniation using fluoroscopic guidance versus conventional computed tomography (CT) guidance.Materials and methodsBetween March 2018and March 2021, 124consecutive percutaneous intradiscal ozone therapies wereperformedon111 patients with low back pain (LBP) and/or sciatic pain due to lumbar disc herniation, using fluoroscopic or conventional CT guidance, respectively in 53 and 58 herniated lumbar discs, with at least 1-month follow up. Dose area product (DAP) and dose length product (DLP) were recorded respectively for fluoroscopy and CT, and converted to effective dose (ED).ResultsFluoroscopic and CT groups were similar in terms of patient age (p-value 0.39), patient weight (p-value 0.49) and pre-procedure Oswestry Disability Index (ODI, p-value 0.94). Technical success was achieved in all cases. Clinical success was obtained in 83.02% (44/53) patients in fluoroscopic group and 79.31% (46/58) in CT group. Mean DAP was 11.63Gy*cm2(range 5.42–21.61). Mean DLP was 632.49mGy-cm (range 151.51–1699). ED was significantly lower in the fluoroscopic group compared toCT group (0.34 vs. 5.53mSv, p = 0.0119). No major complication was registered. Minor complications were observed in 4 cases (2 in fluoroscopic group; 2 in CT group).ConclusionsCompared to conventional CT guidance, fluoroscopic guidance for percutaneous intradiscal ozone therapy in patients with lumbar disc herniation shows similar technical and clinical success rates, with lower radiation dose. This technique helps sparing dose exposure to patients.