bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic literature review on cybercrime legislation
Authors: Khan Shereen , Saleh Tajneen , Dorasamy Magiswary , Khan Nasreen , Tan Swee Leng Olivia , Gale Vergara Rossanne 
Published: August 2022

Background: Cybercrime is a fast-growing digital crime and legislation falling behind with the fast-moving advancement of technology. One important factor projected by literature in combating cybercrime is legislation. In order to combat cybercrime, the role of cybercrime legislation is a challenge that has not been clearly studied before. This paper thus aims to recapitulate the literature on cybercrime legislation in combating cybercrime. The literature in this context emphasises on existing studies relating to cybercrime legislation and addressing the importance of adequate and efficient responses in place in order to combat cybercrime efficiently. Methods: This paper finds an extensive literature review using the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis” method based on legislation to combat cybercrime and explains a systematic analysis of the legislation in most advanced countries in both technology and legal framework. The study was done by selecting keywords, validated by the experts to discover research trends of cybercrime legislation. A search was then run across seven academic databases, including the ACM Digital Library, Emerald, Hein Online, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Westlaw Asia. Initially, five hundred and forty-eight articles were retrieved and out of which seventy-two studies met the inclusion criteria and were fully reviewed. Results: The findings of the study revealed that comprehensive cybercrime legislation plays a vital role in combating cybercrime and cybercrime legislation should be strengthened, enhanced, and made up to date with the rapid advancement of technology in order to address the rising number of cybercrime. Discussion: This systematic review is timely and highlights future research directions to improve a comprehensive legal framework to combat the rising of cybercrime effectively. To fill the research gap, the findings also have fundamental practical implications for the policy makers, in enacting an up to date cybercrime legislation by highlighting the role of legislation in combating cybercrime.
Lab-scale and on-field industrial composting of biodegradable plastic blends for packaging
Authors: Chong Zhi Kai , Hofmann Alexander , Haye Marie , Wilson Sharon , Sohoo Ihsanullah , Kuchta Kerstin 
Published: August 2022

Background: The acceptance of compostable plastic packaging in industrial composting plants is not universal despite available certification for compostability due to the persistence of compostable plastic residues reported by some industrial plants. This study aims to better understand this discrepancy by comparing the disintegration rate of two compostable plastic blends designed for rigid packaging (polylactic acid based) and soft packaging (polybutylene succinate based) between a controlled lab-scale test and an on-field test in an industrial composting plant. Methods: The thermophilic lab-scale disintegration test was conducted according to ISO 20200 in triplicates for 4, 8 and 12 weeks while the on-field test was conducted by exposing duplicate test material in the compost pile of an industrial composting plant in northern Germany, for three weeks. The mass change of the remaining test material >2mm was used as an indicator of disintegration. Results: The rigid packaging blend (1 mm thickness) retained on average 76.4%, 59.0% and 55.7% of its mass after 4, 8 and 12 weeks respectively in the lab-scale test. After exposure to industrial composting on-field, the remaining mass was 97.2% and 99.5%. The soft packaging blend (109±9 µm sample thickness) retained on average 45.4%, 10.9% and 0.3% of its mass after 4, 8 and 12 weeks respectively and 94.0% and 93.8% after exposure to industrial composting on-field. Conclusions: The results show a substantial difference in disintegration rates between the lab-scale and the on-field test after three to four weeks. The difference between the tests that might contribute significantly to the differing disintegration rates is the composition of the composting substrate. Besides the design and characteristics of the packaging itself, the composting substrate and thermophilic composting duration of individual plants are important to determine the suitability of treating compostable plastic packaging in industrial composting plants as well as inform potential solutions.
Botulinum toxin (BoNT) in the correction of mimic wrinkles - the most common complications
Authors: Szwed Monika , Szwed Jakub , Dzikowski Michał 
Published: August 2022

Introduction and purpose
Botulinum toxin (BoNT) products are commonly used to treat muscle spasms such as cervical dystonia as well as to treat expression lines. Serotype A of botulinum toxin is the strongest and is used in aesthetic medicine procedures. It provides predictable results while having few side effects. Nevertheless, complications may occur, such as: ptosis of the upper eyelid, drooping eyebrows, ectropia, double vision, xerophthalmia, falling corners of the mouth, dysphagia, hoarseness, local swelling, erythema, bruising, pain at the injection site, asymmetry.
The aim of the study is to discuss the most common complications after injection of the botulin toxin in the correction of mimic wrinkles.
Description of the state of knowledge
BoNT is a neurotoxin that acts on the neuromuscular junctions, inhibits the release of acetylcholine, consequently causing temporary chemical denervation. Muscle function begins to return approximately 3 months after injection and fully returns after 6 months. Comparison of clinical trials of botulinum toxin type A in aesthetic allowed for the quantification of the frequency of adverse effects:drooping eyelids (2.5%), drooping eyebrows (3.1%), disturbed eye sensation (3%) and lip asymmetry (6.9%). Complications after cosmetic botulinum toxin injections are rare, and those that do occur are usually mild and transient. These complications are technique dependent; the incidence decreases as the injection ability improves.
Summary
Side effects are rare, nevertheless, thorough knowledge of the patient's anatomy, medical history, possible complications related to the specific product and site of administration, and close monitoring are essential for safe, effective treatment and the achievement of satisfactory results.
Directly modulated azimuthally polarized vector beam laser design
Authors: Ma Xiang , Li Shaobo , Liang Xiaodong , Yu Wenqi , Chen Quanan , Lu Qiao Yin , Guo Weihua 
Published: August 2022

Directly modulated vector beam lasers are increasingly desirable for wide applications ranging from optical manipulation to optical communications. We report the first, to our knowledge, high-speed directly modulated vector beam laser with azimuthally polarized emission. It is a microcylinder cavity interacted with a proper second-order grating on top, which enables single mode lasing and efficient surface emission. Through theoretical and numerical analysis, the laser is designed in detail. With an optimized top grating, the emission of the laser is an azimuthally polarized vector beam. With high-differential-gain material and a small active region, the laser can be directly modulated with a high 3 dB bandwidth reach of 40 GHz in simulation. The proposed high-speed directly modulated semiconductor laser with an azimuthally polarized vector beam is promising for applications in fiber space communications or quantum information.
Systematic investigation of millimeter-wave optic modulation performance in thin-film lithium niobate
Authors: Zhang Yiwen , Shao Linbo , Yang Jingwei , Chen Zhaoxi , Zhang Ke , Shum Kam-Man , Zhu Di , Chan Chi Hou , Lončar Marko , Wang Cheng 
Published: August 2022

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) band (30–300 GHz) is an emerging spectrum range for wireless communication, short-range radar, and sensor applications. mmWave-optic modulators that could efficiently convert mmWave signals into the optical domain are crucial components for long-haul transmission of mmWave signals through optical networks. At these ultrahigh frequencies, however, the modulation performances are highly sensitive to the transmission line loss as well as the velocity- and impedance-matching conditions, while precise measurements and modeling of these parameters are often non-trivial. Here we present a systematic investigation of the mmWave-optic modulation performances of thin-film lithium niobate modulators through theoretical modeling, electrical verifications, and electro-optic measurements at frequencies up to 325 GHz. Based on our experimentally verified model, we demonstrate thin-film lithium niobate mmWave-optic modulators with a measured 3-dB electro-optic bandwidth of 170 GHz and a 6-dB bandwidth of 295 GHz. The device also shows a low RF half-wave voltage of 7.3 V measured at an ultrahigh modulation frequency of 250 GHz. This work provides a comprehensive guideline for the design and characterization of mmWave-optic modulators and paves the way toward future integrated mmWave photonic systems for beyond-5G communication and radar applications.
Spatio-temporal clusters and patterns of spread of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika in Colombia
Authors: Freitas Laís Picinini , Carabali Mabel , Yuan Mengru , Jaramillo-Ramirez Gloria I. , Balaguera Cesar Garcia , Restrepo Berta N. , Zinszer Kate 
Published: August 2022

Background
Colombia has one of the highest burdens of arboviruses in South America. The country was in a state of hyperendemicity between 2014 and 2016, with co-circulation of several Aedes-borne viruses, including a syndemic of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika in 2015.

Methodology/Principal findings
We analyzed the cases of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika notified in Colombia from January 2014 to December 2018 by municipality and week. The trajectory and velocity of spread was studied using trend surface analysis, and spatio-temporal high-risk clusters for each disease in separate and for the three diseases simultaneously (multivariate) were identified using Kulldorff’s scan statistics. During the study period, there were 366,628, 77,345 and 74,793 cases of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika, respectively, in Colombia. The spread patterns for chikungunya and Zika were similar, although Zika’s spread was accelerated. Both chikungunya and Zika mainly spread from the regions on the Atlantic coast and the south-west to the rest of the country. We identified 21, 16, and 13 spatio-temporal clusters of dengue, chikungunya and Zika, respectively, and, from the multivariate analysis, 20 spatio-temporal clusters, among which 7 were simultaneous for the three diseases. For all disease-specific analyses and the multivariate analysis, the most-likely cluster was identified in the south-western region of Colombia, including the Valle del Cauca department.

Conclusions/Significance
The results further our understanding of emerging Aedes-borne diseases in Colombia by providing useful evidence on their potential site of entry and spread trajectory within the country, and identifying spatio-temporal disease-specific and multivariate high-risk clusters of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika, information that can be used to target interventions.
Towards standardization of measuring anxiety and depression: Differential item functioning for language and Dutch reference values of PROMIS item banks
Authors: Elsman Ellen B. M. , Flens Gerard , de Beurs Edwin , Roorda Leo D. , Terwee Caroline B. 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionThe outcomes anxiety and depression are measured frequently by healthcare providers to assess the impact of a disease, but with numerous instruments. PROMIS item banks provide an opportunity for standardized measurement. Cross-cultural validity of measures and the availability of reference values are prerequisites for standardized measurement.MethodsPROMIS Anxiety and Depression item banks were completed by 1002 representative Dutch persons. To evaluate cross-cultural validity, data from US participants in PROMIS wave 1 were used and differential item functioning (DIF) was investigated, using an iterative hybrid of logistic regression and item response theory. McFadden’s pseudo R2-change of 2% was the critical threshold. The impact of any DIF on full item banks and short forms was investigated. To obtain Dutch reference values, T-scores for anxiety and depression were calculated for the complete Dutch sample, and age-group and gender subpopulations. Thresholds corresponding to normal limits, mild, moderate and severe symptoms were computed.ResultsIn both item banks, two items had DIF but with minimal impact on population level T-scores for full item banks and short forms. The Dutch general population had a T-score of 49.9 for anxiety and 49.6 for depression, similar to the T-scores of 50.0 of the US general population. T-scores for age-group and gender subpopulations were also similar to T-scores of the US general population. Thresholds for mild, moderate and severe anxiety and depression were set to 55, 60 and 70, identical to US thresholds.ConclusionsThe limited number of items with DIF and its minimal impact, enables the use of standard (US) item parameters and comparisons of scores between Dutch and US populations. The Dutch reference values provide an important tool for healthcare professionals and researchers to evaluate and interpret symptoms of anxiety and depression, stimulating the uptake of PROMIS measures, and contributing to standardized outcome measurement.
Determination of risk factors of postoperative pneumonia in elderly patients with hip fracture: What can we do?
Authors: Yu Yibing , Zheng Peiwen 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundPostoperative pneumonia is a serious complication in elderly patients with hip fracture. It is necessary to identify the influencing factors of postoperative pneumonia in patients with hip fracture.MethodsElderly patients with hip fractures admitted to a tertiary hospital in China from January 1, 2020 to August 31, 2021 were included. The characteristics of patients with and without postoperative pneumonia were evaluated and compared. Logistic multivariate regression analyses were conducted to assess the risk factors of postoperative pneumonia.Results267 patients with hip fracture were included, the incidence of postoperative pneumonia in patients with hip fracture was 13.11%. There were significant differences in the age, diabetes mellitus, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, anesthesia method and duration of surgery between infection and no infection group, no significant differences in the gender, BMI, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, type of fracture, preoperative oxygen saturation, white blood cell count, platelet count, red blood cell count, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, estimated blood loss during surgery were detected between infection and no infection group. Logistic regression analysis showed that age≥70y (OR2.326, 95%CI1.248~3.129), diabetes mellitus (OR2.123, 95%CI1.021~3.551), anemia (OR3.199,95%CI1.943~5.024), hypoalbuminemia (OR2.377, 95%CI1.211~3.398), general anesthesia (OR1.947, 95%CI1.115~3.038), duration of surgery≥120min (OR1.621, 95%CI1.488~2.534) were the risk factors of postoperative pneumonia in elderly patients with hip fracture (all p<0.05). Escherichia Coli (33.33%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (28.57%), Staphylococcus aureus (21.43%) were the most common bacteria of pulmonary infection.ConclusionThere are many risk factors for postoperative pneumonia in elderly patients with hip fractures after surgery. In clinical practice, medical workers should take targeted interventions for those risk factors to reduce postoperative pneumonia.
PRACTICES FOR DEVELOPING INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE
Authors: Dikova Lyudmila 
Published: August 2022

The poster presents a stage of the work of the team "Educational and enlightenment work" in order to conduct a study of practices for developing intercultural competence and integration in and through the teaching of different subjects among teachers from different schools in Plovdiv.At this stage, the task is to develop and promote a survey in order to: to monitor the extent to which students and teachers from schools in Plovdiv are familiar and engaged with the initiative "Plovdiv – European Capital of Culture 2019"; what is the mindset of teachers to develop intercultural interaction in their teaching practice; what good educational practices to motivate students to get to know their own culture and the cultural practices of other ethnicities are applied.The survey method is used, which is voluntary and anonymous. To classify respondents is included a question for determining the learning discipline and the stage at which they teach. The questionnaire includes: structured response questions (closed) that include a three-step scale - Yes, No, I don’t know; semi-closed questions that require, if yes is indicated, a free-to-answer supplement. The survey was developed in electronic format and was promoted through the project's website.The results obtained will serve to summarize good practices for intercultural interaction in an educational environment and will be promoted among pedagogical professionals.
The author expresses sincere gratitude to the Scientific Research Fund at the Ministry of Education and Science and the "Scientific and Project Activity" Division at Plovdiv University "Paisiy Hilendarski" for the assistance provided.
La invención de las competencias personales: Recursos y efectos persuasivos de un dispositivo distintivo de la política educativa italiana contemporánea
Authors: Boccacci Daniel 
Published: August 2022

Este trabajo analiza y profundiza el concepto de “competencias personales” relacionada con la propuesta de las Indicazioni Nazionali (Indicaciones) de 2004, documento fundamental en el complejo argumentario normativo de política educativa italiana contemporánea que define el cuadro curricular de la escuela obligatoria italiana. Dentro del marco teórico desarrollado por T.S. Popkewitz, el análisis destaca el recurso usado por los actores que lo han generado sustentado en la teoría católica de la persona “integral”. Esta teoría se usa conscientemente para armonizar las expectativas sociales sobre la competitividad individual y nacional con el realce que le acompaña del carácter sagrado de la persona. La profundización de este constructo de simbiosis permite destacarlo como dispositivo estratégico dentro un ecosistema de acciones discursivas legitimadas por la Iglesia y ligado al sueño salvífico-empresarial del que fuera primer ministro de la república italiana Silvio Berlusconi, relacionado a su vez con la política económica de las últimas décadas, con la reforma curricular de la ministra Moratti (2004), junto a las últimas propuestas curriculares (2007 y 2012) por parte de gobiernos de color opuestos. Finalmente, a un nivel sociológico más general, el análisis que aportamos manifiesta el uso político educativo de una nueva subjetividad neo-empresarial en la que no sólo satura cualidades utilitaristas. Concluimos sosteniendo que el análisis de todas estas aplicaciones, al mismo tiempo que destaca la fuerza persuasiva del constructo analizado, olvida estratégicamente la complejidad social y cívica para abrir el problema de los posibles efectos de conservadurismo antidemocrático y de enmascaramiento de la hegemonía económica.
A new method for successful indirect bonding in relation to bond strength
Authors: Wendl Thomas , Bandl Christine , Kern Wolfgang , Wendl Brigitte , Proff Peter 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The aim of the work was to develop a new transfer method for indirect bonding of brackets to improve the bond strength by applying a uniform contact pressure over the entire dental arch. This has a great potential to reduce the bracket loss rate during clinical treatment. A suitable shape memory polymer (SMP) was selected and prepared in the chemistry laboratory. This SMP applies a force to the brackets during bonding and thus increases the bond strength by applying uniform contact pressure. Various transfer trays were equipped with SMP platelets and the transfer of brackets from the plaster model to the real human tooth model was performed in vitro. The transfer accuracy and bond strength of the bonded brackets were investigated by 3D-overlay and shear tests, respectively. The transfer accuracy was technique sensitive and showed higher accuracy for the trays with SMPs and self-curing silicones than for the vacuum formed trays with SMPs. The bond strength of the indirectly bonded brackets with SMPs was on average 1–2 MPa higher than the bond strength of the brackets indirectly bonded with a conventional two-layer vacuum formed tray without SMPs. Thus, transfer trays with SMPs can provide a significant improvement in bond strength during indirect bonding after appropriate adjustment.
A micromechanical approach to elastic modulus of long-term aged chicken feather fibre/poly(lactic acid) biocomposites
Authors: Akderya Tarkan , Özmen Uğur , Baba Buket Okutan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The modulus of elasticity is a critical parameter for the performance design and analysis of biofibre-based biocomposite materials. As a result of criteria such as internal heterogeneity, the random distribution of fibres and the success of interfacial adhesion between the fibre and the matrix, it becomes difficult to predict the modulus of elasticity in practical ways. Therefore, one of the aims of this study is to determine the modulus of elasticity of biocomposite material reinforced with discontinuous and random fibres by means of micromechanical models and experimentally. In addition, it is also aimed to reveal which micromechanical model can be used reliably in predicting the modulus of elasticity of both aged and non-aged biocomposite materials due to the relationship between the analytical and experimental results. In order to achieve these objectives, initially, chicken feather fibre/poly (lactic acid) biocomposite specimens having 2, 5 and 10 % chicken feather fibre mass fractions were mixed and manufactured by extruding, and subsequently, tensile test specimens according to the appropriate standard were formed by the injection-moulding method. An agreement between the moduli of elasticity obtained from 6 micromechanical models and experimentally from the slope of the stress–strain curves resulting from tensile tests was determined.
Defining Marginality and Liminality for the Study of the Ancient Near East
Authors: Bubel Shawn 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Marginality and liminality are concepts that are used in the study of the ancient Near East, although formal definitions for these terms are rarely given. This paper explores the history of the uses of these terms in social theory, discussing the origins of the terms in the writings of early twentieth-century thinkers such as Georg Simmel, Robert Ezra Park, and Victor Turner. It details how these ideas and concepts were debated by psychologists, sociologists, and anthropologists throughout the twentieth century, when these terms were adopted into Near Eastern studies. While these concepts were defined by social theorists, investigations of the archaeological, textual, and art-historical evidence from the ancient Near East show that they well reflect emic conceptualizations. Examples from Near Eastern contexts demonstrate the benefits of using flexible and multi-vocalic conceptualizations of marginality and liminality that still recognize the distinctiveness of these two issues. The paper concludes by offering different frameworks for applying these concepts to the study of the Bronze Age Near East.