bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obstetric and neonatal outcomes: antiseizure medication profile and seizure types in pregnant women in a vulnerability state, Brazil
Authors: Leite Magnúcia de Lima , Silva José Claudio da , de Oliveira Tales Lyra , Ortiz Sandra Regina Mota , Almeida Daniel dos Santos , Toporcov Tatiana Natasha 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objectives

To describe obstetric and neonatal outcomes, the profile of antiseizure medication (ASM), and types of seizures in pregnant women with epilepsy (PWWE) in Alagoas.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study using data collected from the medical records of PWWE and pregnant women without epilepsy (control group) between 2008 and 2020, PWWE/PWNE aged < 40 years (controlled seizures or refractory epilepsy) were included. Medical records were obtained from high-risk maternity hospitals in Alagoas.

Results

The obstetric and neonatal outcomes observed in PWWE were pregnancy-related hypertension (PrH) (odds ratio [OR] = 6.29; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.50–11.30), vaginal bleeding (OR = 2.54; 95% CI = 1.15–5.59), preeclampsia (OR = 8.04; 95% CI = 2.22–29.10), oligohydramnyos OR = 4,57; 95% CI = 2.24–9,31), polyhydramnios (OR = 7.55; 95% CI = 1.55–36.65), miscarriage (OR = 1.75;95% CI = 1.16–2.63), stillbirth (OR = 11,16; 95% CI = 2.22–29.10), greater likelihood of PrH in those with generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) (OR = 8.05; 95% CI = 3.47–18.64), greater likelihood of maternal ICU admission in those with GTCS and status epilepticus (OR = 11.73; 95% CI = 2.44–56.37 vs. OR = 37.50; 95% CI = 8.32–168.84, respectively) and phenytoin and lamotrigine use (OR = 17.75; 95% CI = 1.95–160.77 vs. OR = 7.10; 95% CI = 1.03–48.64). PWWE with GTCS had a higher chance for stillbirth (OR = 3.41; 95% CI = 1.03–11.28). and status epilepticus were more likely to deliver prematurely (OR = 2.22; 95% CI = 1.05–4.69). PWWE with status epilepticus had higher odds of using lamotrigine (OR = 21,91; 95% CI = 2.07–231.60). Phenobarbital(PB) with diazepam was the most commonly used drug by PWWE with GTCS and status epilepticus (OR = 12.04; 95% CI = 1.43–101.47). Only 14% of PWWE did not use, 50.2% used monotherapy, and 35.8% used polytherapy. Phenobarbital was the most commonly used ASM (60.9%), followed by carbamazepine (25.2%).

Conclusion

This study described adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes in PWWE. Many pregnant women with epilepsy used ASM, showing a positive association with adverse outcomes and more severe seizure types.
Urinary Tobacco-specific Nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and Cognitive Functioning in Older Adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014
Authors: Ge Song 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction

Tobacco and tobacco smoke contain a class of carcinogens called tobacco-specific nitrosamines. A metabolite of tobacco-specific nitrosamine is 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-Butanol (NNAL). We aimed to examine the association between urinary tobacco-specific NNAL (free NNAL plus NNAL-glucuronide) and cognitive functioning among a nationally representative sample of U.S. older adults.

Method

A total of 1,673 older adults aged 60 and above from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2014 were included. Urinary tobacco-specific NNAL was collected in mobile health centers and analyzed in the laboratory. Cognitive functioning was measured using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Word Learning subtest (CERAD-WL) immediate and delayed memory tests, the Animal Fluency test (AFT), and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Test-specific and global cognition z-scores were calculated based on means and standard deviations (SD) of the cognitive test scores. Multivariable linear regression models were constructed to examine the independent association between quantiles of urinary tobacco-specific NNAL (reference: the lowest quantile) and cognitive test-specific and global cognition z-scores controlling for age, race/ethnicity, education, depressive symptoms, smoking status, body mass index, prevalent coronary heart disease, stroke, and systolic blood pressure.

Results

About half of the participants (mean age 69.8 years, SD 6.8) were female (52.1%), non-Hispanic White (48.3%), and completed some college and above (49.7%). Multivariate linear regressions showed that higher quantiles of urinary tobacco-specific NNAL, compared with the lowest quantile, was significantly associated with lower AFT (beta [β] -0.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.27, -0.04), DSST (β -0.25, 95% CI -0.35, -0.14), and global cognition (β -0.15, 95% CI -0.27, -0.04) z-scores controlling for the covariates.

Conclusions

Higher urinary tobacco-specific NNAL was associated with worse cognitive functioning in older adults. Prevention and reduction of active or passive exposure to tobacco in older adults may help protect their cognitive functioning.
The benefits of the microalgae Spirulina and Schizochytrium in fish nutrition: a meta-analysis
Authors: Trevi S. , Webster T.M. Uren , Consuegra S. , de Leaniz C. Garcia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Use of microalgae in fish nutrition can relieve pressure on wild fish stocks, but there is no systematic quantitative evaluation of microalgae benefits. We conducted a metanalysis on the nutritional benefits of Spirulina and Schizochytrium as replacements of fishmeal and fish or plant oil, respectively. We reviewed 50 peer-reviewed studies involving 26 finfish species and 144 control vs microalgae replacement comparisons. Inclusion of Spirulina in the fish diet significantly improved growth compared to controls (SMD = 1.21; 95%CI = 0.71–1.70), while inclusion of Schizochytrium maintained the content of omega-3 PUFA of the fish fillet compared to fish fed on fish or plant oils (SMD = 0.62; 95%CI = -0.51-1.76). Benefits were apparent at replacement levels as low as 0.025% in the case of Spirulina and 10% in the case of Schizochytrium oil. Dose-dependent effects were found for Spirulina replacement on growth, but not for Schizochytrium on omega-3 fillet content. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression revealed that ~ 24–27% of variation in effect sizes can be accounted by variation between fish families, the rest likely reflecting variation in experimental conditions. Overall, the evidence indicates that Spirulina and Schizochytrium replacement in aquafeeds can be used to improve fish growth and maintain fillet quality, respectively, but considerable uncertainty exists on the predicted responses. To reduce uncertainty and facilitate the transition towards more sustainable aquafeeds, we recommend that feeding trials using microalgae are conducted under commercially relevant conditions and that greater care is taken to report full results to account for sources of heterogeneity.
The role of vaccination and public awareness in forecasts of monkeypox incidence in the United Kingdom
Authors: Brand Samuel , Cavallaro Massimo , Cumming Fergus , Turner Charlie , Florence Isaac , Blomquist Paula , Hilton Joe , Guzman-Rincon Laura , House Thomas , Nokes James , Keeling Matt 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Since May 2022, monkeypox virus (MPXV) has spread rapidly in high-income countries through close human-to-human contact primarily amongst communities of gay, bisexual and men who have sex with men (GBMSM). Behavioural change arising from increased knowledge and health warnings may have reduced the rate of transmission and Vaccinia-based vaccination is likely to be an effective longer-term intervention. We investigate the UK epidemic presenting 26-week projections using a stochastic discrete-population transmission model which includes GBMSM status, rate of formation of new sexual partnerships, and clique partitioning of the population. We find that MPXV cases peaked in mid-July, declining due to decreased transmission rate per infected individual and infection-induced immunity among GBMSM, especially those with the highest rate of new partners. We predict cases will remain low from October 2022 to March 2023 (20-65 cases a week), and a rebound in cases due to behaviour reversion prevented by high-risk group-targeted vaccination.
An area-based metrics to evaluate risk in failure mode and effects analysis under uncertainties
Authors: Suo Bin , Yan Ying , Tang Jiayin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a widely used, powerful tool to identify and assess potential failure modes in products and to make products more reliable. Due to the complexity of products and lack of knowledge, FMEA involves many uncertainties in practice. In previous studies, numerous modified FMEA methods based on fuzzy logic and Dempster-Shafer (D-S) evidence theory have been employed to address these uncertainties. These studies focus on how to handle uncertainties and to identify a more reliable prioritization of risk priority numbers (RPNs). However, studies have not sufficiently examined how many uncertainties are present in resulting RPNs. To better model and process various types of uncertainties in FMEA, two new area-based metrics are constructed in this paper. One is the interval area metric (IAM), which is used in RPN representation. The other is the dimensionless uncertainty metric (DUM), which is used to measure how many uncertainties there are in RPN. IAM is used to rank the risks in failure modes, and DUM is used to rank the uncertainties in failure modes. Then, an expert system is presented to qualitatively evaluate the DUM, which can help FMEA users intuitively judge whether further investigation should be performed to alleviate the epistemic uncertainties in each failure mode. Finally, a practical risk evaluation case regarding the grinding wheel system of a numerically controlled (NC) machine is provided to demonstrate the application and effectiveness of the proposed FMEA.
Assessment of the river flow regimes over the Chitral and Gilgit Basins, Pakistan, under IPCC climate change scenarios using the HyMoLAP-SM model
Authors: Hassan Syed Ahmad , Khan Mehwish Shafi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Modelling the river flow process during uncertain climatic conditions is a challenging task. This paper attempts to apply the hydrological model based on the least action principle (HyMoLAP) at Chitral and Gilgit stations with few modifications. The topographic wetness index, the concept of degree-day factor and snowmelt (SM) using the snow cover area (SCA) have been incorporated into the improved HyMoLAP-SM structure. It is found that the HyMoLAP-SM model significantly enhanced the accuracy of the river flow estimation and forecast. Furthermore, the model seems highly sensitive to the choice of nonlinearity parameter and moderately sensitive to SM coefficients. Moreover, the response of river flow to climate change scenarios has been projected by utilizing modelled outcomes under temperature and precipitation variations. Overall, the results suggest that average river flow may get increased (reduced) by about 60% (40%) by the increase (decrease) in temperature. On the other hand, an increase (decrease) in precipitation at Chitral (Gilgit) may increase (decrease) the average flow by about 27% (200%) [19% (8%)] at the respective station. These results may be utilized for future flood/agricultural planning in Pakistan. Additionally, results obtained in this study may not be applicable to other geographical regions or interchangeable with other modelling purpose.
Medical Ethics Knowledge and Attitude Among Dental Students from Two Universities in The Middle East
Authors: Nassar Afnan A. , Salama Rabab I. 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Dentists are obligated to provide patients with ethical and harmless treatment.

Objective:
This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of medical ethics among dental students in two dental faculties in the Middle East.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study using a validated online self-administrated questionnaire was completed by dental students who started clinical training at Mansoura University, Egypt, and from Umm Al-Qura University (UQU), Saudi Arabia. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used for the statistical analysis.

Results:
Participants were 649 dental students. About 77% of Mansoura’s students were aware of the Hippocratic Oath compared to 89.6% of UQU students (p=0.000). No significant difference was found between the two faculties in the presence of ethical topics in their curriculum and the mode of teaching. About 67% of respondents reported obtaining written consent from UQU patients compared to only 10.5% of Mansoura’s patients. Nearly 86.3% and 63.3% of dental students at Mansoura and UQU, respectively, believed that they knew the best, irrespective of the patients’ opinion. In case of any wrongdoing during treatment, 88.7% of Mansoura’s and 93.9% of UQU students agreed to inform the patients. Regarding patient autonomy, only 51.2% and 65.3% of dental students at Mansoura and UQU, respectively, respected the patient’s wishes during treatment., The majority of students from both faculties had less knowledge regarding services and duties related to the ethical committee.

Conclusion:
Gaps in knowledge, attitude and practices of medical ethics were found among dental students of the two faculties, especially among Mansoura’s students. Attention should be paid to improving the present situation.
Condition Assessments in the Facility Management Profession – A Literature Review
Authors: Hillestad Derek , Sullivan Kenneth , Hurtado Kristen , Ayer Steven , Smithwick Jake 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Results from condition assessments can provide facility managers with key insights and knowledge to facilitate strategic planning of an organization's portfolio of facilities. The purpose of this paper is to identify what research has been conducted on the topic of Facility Condition Assessments (FCA) with an emphasis on impact to the facility management profession. This paper provides a structured literature review of assessments performed in the areas of facility, building, and property management. An emphasis of this study was to investigate how previous research supports the decision to pursue an FCA. This study maps condition assessment terminology, analyzes purpose of an FCA through previous research efforts, and proposes to identify future research opportunities that contribute to FCA decision making support for facility managers.
USLŪB AL-TIKRĀR FĪ SŪRAH AL-MUAWIŻATAIN
Authors: Huda Nur 
Published: October 2022

This study aims to describe the repetition and its effect in the muawwiżatain surah. This research is a qualitative study using descriptive methods. Qualitative research is one of the research procedures that analyzes descriptive data in the form of observed speech or writing. Descriptive method aims to describe and analyze data about the style of repetition in muawwiżatain. Repetition is a form of repetition, both in terms of sounds, syllables, words, or sentence parts that are considered important to put pressure in accordance with the expected context. This research confirms the existence of rhetorical language in the form of repetition that is contained and spread in muawiżatain surahs giving greater influence and effect in the hearts and minds of readers. In this study, found 7 (seven) types of repetition, each of which is alliteration, rhyme, asonance, epizueksis, epistrofa, simploke, and anaphora. This research confirms that repetition as a form of language style is very different from repetition as a form of weakness of writers or authors. In addition, repetition has an important role in optimizing the repetition function which incidentally helps in emphasizing the intent and giving certain effects.
Application of an Inertial Sensor Unit for Position Estimation and Motion Control of the Lower-Extremity Powered Exoskeleton
Authors: Saypulaev G. R. , Saypulaev M. R. , Merkuryev I. V. , Adamov B. I. , Garcia R. B. 
Published: October 2022

Introduction. The problem of controlling the lower-extremity powered exoskeleton motion was investigated. To solve it, it was proposed to use a program control and feedback control. The formation of control in the form of feedback required an assessment of the state of the exoskeleton (rotation angles, angular velocities, and accelerations of the links). The possibility of using an inertial measuring unit to estimate angular velocities and accelerations of exoskeleton links was considered. The work objective was to develop laws for the formation of the exoskeleton motion control, which could provide the stability of the program motion and use the measurements of encoders, micromechanical gyroscopes and accelerometers.Materials and Methods. Previously performed mathematical modeling of the exoskeleton dynamics was used to form a program control. It was proposed to equip the exoskeleton with inertial sensor units. This solution made it possible to evaluate the state vector of the exoskeleton and to use these estimates in a feedback loop. A mathematical model of measurements of these sensors was described. The proposed version is suitable for control systems of three-link exoskeletons of the lower extremities and can be expanded to the case of multi-link exoskeleton designs.Results. New laws of exoskeleton motion control based on a mathematical model of the system dynamics and using measurement information from encoders and inertial information sensors were proposed. Numerical simulation of exoskeleton motion was performed in the Wolfram Mathematica mathematical package. Its results confirmed the operability of the proposed control and the possibility of using an inertial sensor unit to assess the exoskeleton state. The numerical simulation results for the following program movements were presented: lifting the exoskeleton from a sitting position to a vertical position, and stabilization of the vertical equilibrium position.Discussion and Conclusions. The proposed control can be applied in exoskeletons for medical purposes, e.g., in the task of verticalization of patients with dysfunctions of the musculoskeletal system. The possibility of using measurement information obtained from inertial measurements units in the problem of estimating the state of exoskeleton links was demonstrated. The use of inertial sensors will make it possible to determine the angular acceleration of the exoskeleton links, avoiding numerical differentiation of the measurement information received from the encoders. The obtained estimates of angular acceleration allow us to introduce feedback on angular accelerations into the control system, which opens up the possibility of improving transients in controlling the exoskeleton motion.
Critical Loads of Uniformly Compressed Orthotropic Rectangular Plate on an Elastic Base
Authors: Peshkhoev I. M. , Sobol B. V. 
Published: October 2022

Introduction. The problem of critical loads of a compressed orthotropic rectangular plate on an elastic base was considered. The following orthotropy parameters were set for the plate: Poisson coefficients, Young's modules for the main directions, and the shear modulus of the plate material. The components of the compressive load were uniformly distributed along two opposite edges of the plate and acted parallel to the coordinate axes. The edges of the plate were loosely pinched or pivotally supported. Cases were also considered when two parallel edges of the plate were free from loads, and the other two were freely pinched or pivotally supported.Materials and Methods. The problem was studied on the basis of a system of nonlinear Kármán-type equilibrium equations. The critical values of the load parameter were determined from a linearized problem based on a trivial solution. At the same time, the variational method in combination with the finite difference method was used to solve the boundary eigenvalue problem.Results. The problem was reduced to solving a parametric linear boundary eigenvalue problem. In case of boundary conditions of a movable hinge support, exact formulas of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions were given. While in case of free edge pinching, a variational method was used in combination with a finite-difference method, and a computer program for solving the problem was built. It was established that one or two eigenfunctions expressing the deflection of the plate could correspond to the critical value of the compressive load parameter at which the stability of the compressed plate was lost. The results of numerical calculations of the critical values of the compressive load at different values of the orthotropy parameters were presented, and graphs of the corresponding equilibrium forms were constructed. For the case of a long orthotropic plate on an elastic base, it was established that the main term of the asymptotic expansion of the solution to the linear eigenvalue problem was determined from the problem of critical loads of a compressed beam on an elastic base with an elastic modulus that coincides with the elastic modulus of the plate in the longitudinal direction.Discussion and Conclusions. The problem of critical loads of an orthotropic plate compressed in two directions lying on an elastic base was investigated. As the compressive load component increased along one direction, the critical value of the load compressing the plate along the other direction decreased. If an orthotropic plate was compressed by a load along a direction that corresponded to a greater bending stiffness, then the critical value of the loss of stability was greater than the critical value of the compressive load acting along the direction of a lesser bending stiffness. The presence of an elastic foundation increased the bearing capacity of the compressed plate.
Study of Tapered Threads Parameters Affecting the Quality of the Oil Pipeline Connection
Authors: Tsybrii I. K. , Koval N. S. , Issabekov Zh. N. 
Published: October 2022

Introduction. With the growth in the production and transportation of gas and oil, the urgency of the problem of tightness of the connection of pipes of the oil and gas range increases. The most common are coupling and streamline threaded connections. Threads of the buttress type, conical trapezoidal, and triangular threads are used. The tightness of the connection depends directly on their quality. The production of pipes and couplings is influenced by many factors. Examples include technological heredity, rigidity of technological equipment, its setting and resetting. The required connection quality is provided by the quality of the elements. The assembly should take into account the possibility of complete interchangeability. The second recommended option is a group assembling. In all cases, control operations are mandatory. The paper presents the results of studies on the distribution of pipe and coupling thread quality parameters in the batch.Materials and Methods. Fragments (tubular parts) of casing pipes with trapezoidal thread and increased tightness (CPTT) and with trapezoidal thread of the buttress profile were studied. They were randomly selected from different batches. When measuring, the samples were fixed in the chuck of 1I611P lathe. The measuring instrument was a clock type 0 accuracy class indicator with a stand. Generally accepted statistical methods were used to evaluate the data obtained.Results. The experiments have found how the tightness of the connection through the method of complete interchangeability is affected by the radial runout of the surfaces of the thread profile tops, the pipe chamfers, and the sealing belt.Discussion and Conclusions. Significant deviations of the values of the thread parameters from the permissible ones were found, which might cause a leak in the connection. Obtaining a high-quality and reliable connection is possible when assembling by the method of incomplete or group interchangeability.