bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of ZnO – TiO2 synthesis analysis using sol-gel method on calcination temperature of thin film as an alternative energy materials
Authors: Rais Abdul , Sembiring Timbangen , Humaidi Syahrul , Hakim Abdul 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The manufacture of solar cells from ZnO – TiO2 is synthesized at 400°C, 500°C, and 600°C. This research was carried out by synthesizing ZnO, TiO2, and ZnO + TiO2 with the sol-gel method and was ground using a stirrer at 80°C, 200 rpm for 30 minutes. In this study, the thin-film glass used was Select Micro Slides, which measures 76 x 26 mm of 1.0/1.2 mm thick. The synthetic mixture used is 98% ethanol. Before testing, materials synthesis resulted from 2x2 mm coated thin glass was furnished for 1 hour with the calcination temperature of 400°C, 500°C, and 600°C. The results or the characterization performed on ZnO with a temperature of 400°C, has a peak point: 50 - 20. The graph described that there are two pairs of the same peak point, namely: 27 and 20. TiO2 with a temperature of 500oC has a peak point of 300 - 20, and 20. And ZnO + TiO2 with a temperature of 600°C has a peak point of 340 - 4. The temperature of crystal size varied; ZnO at a temperature of 400°C has a crystal size of 792.0585 AO or 79.205 nm, TiO2 at a temperature of 500oC has a crystal size 492.10489 AO or 49.21 nm, and ZnO + TiO2 at a temperature of 600°C has a crystallite size of 453 440 Ao or 45.34 nm. The result of the synthesis was different from the XRD characterization, wavelength, and crystal size. ZnO and TiO2 can influence various characteristics such as; increasing peak point, wavelength, crystal size, and other effects that can provide heat or electrical energy.
Biosynthesis of copper nanoparticles using methanol extract of sugar-apple leaves (Anonnaceae squamosa), and its antioxidant activity
Authors: Maulana I , Fasya D , Ginting B , Efendi R 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Study on the biosynthesis of copper nanoparticles has been carried out employing the green synthesis method using methanol extract of Sugar-Apple leaf (Anonnaceae squamosa) as a reducing agent and stabilizer. The results of the reduction reaction of Cu2+ ions were confirmed using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The results of the characterization analysis showed that the nanoparticles formed were Cu, CuO2, Cu2O, and CuO, with crystal size of 38.17 nm, 27.82 nm, 15.59 nm, and 37.08 nm respectively. The obtained copper nanoparticles were tested for their antioxidant activity using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrihydrazil (DPPH) method. The antioxidant test results from the formed copper nanoparticles showed an IC50 value of 263.35 ppm, while vitamin C was 5.81 ppm. The previous study on the antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of Sugar-Apple leaf showed an IC50 value of 5.6 ppm. Therefore, it can be concluded that the antioxidant activity of the formed nanoparticles has a weak inhibitory power against 1,1-diphenyl-2-pycrilhydrazil (DPPH) radicals.
Effect of volcanic ash as partial replacement of ground-granulated blast-furnace slag based alkaline activated mortar
Authors: Karolina Rahmi , Tarigan Johannes , Megat Johari Megat Azmi , Hardjasaputra Harianto , Mijarsh M.J.A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Volcanic ash obtained from Mount Sinabung is an aluminosilicate material that is generally available deposited in the land of Sinabung. The study focuses to investigate the effect of volcanic ash as partial replacement of ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) based alkaline activated mortar (AAM) in varying six ratios from 10 wt.% to 60 wt.% in terms of the compressive strength (CS) and structural characteristics. The six-mixture design of AAM was conducted with addition of alkaline activator solution (AAS) to solid material. The AAS were prepared from a combination of 10 M NaOH and Na2SiO3, whereas, solid materials consisted of GGBFS, VA and fine aggregates. The results of the experiments were analysed by CS at the age of 7, 28, and 56 days and supported by SEM characterization for the optimum mixture. The results have revealed that the least significant factor in terms of compressive strength value is the addition of volcanic ash content whereby the highest value of 93.50 MPa produced by Va 10% and the lowest of 35.80 MPa from Va 60% for all of ages day. In addition, the regression linear values show the overall compressive strength decreased slowly over the ages. Contrastingly, the addition of volcanic ash higher than 40% exhibited an increment of compressive strength. Based on SEM observation dense and continuous microstructure was observed which reflects a high degree of polymerization reactions. At the same time, no cracks were observed in the surface microstructure that shows proper aggregate-binder bonding that influences the compressive strength results finding.
RETRACTED: Biomass pyrolysis briquette molding machine design and analysis
Authors: Putra Agus Noviar , Sabri M. , Nur Taufiq Bin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe increasing population and industry in the world have increased the energy demand. Fossil fuel still dominates the current energy consumption in Indonesia, although renewable energy sources are widely available in the country. One of the sources that can be used as a renewable energy source is a solid waste as biomass from palm oil processing. The biomass can be converted to solid fuel by using the pyrolysis technique prior molded into a briquette. This study aims to analyze the biomass briquette molding machine in the simulation environment. The solid work simulation is used to analyze the machine regarding the material strength, static test, displacement, strain, and safety factor. The strength test of von mises stresses achieves a maximum value of 3.713 x 105 psi with node 43.485. It is known that the frame is still safe to use because the Yield Strange value is below the Von miss Stress value. Meanwhile, with a maximum displacement of 0.748 cm at node 62816, a maximum strain of 0.00104 at element 43485, and a safety factor of 3.278 x 108, it shows this briquette’s design molding machine is safe to use.
STEM course on circuit design accomplished to enhance scientific and technological capabilities of students
Authors: Vexler V , Aibashev M , Saipbekova A , Fominykh I , Bazhenov R 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The aim of the research is to develop an interdisciplinary course of extracurricular activities integrating knowledge in science, technology, engineering and mathematics for students to develop their scientific and technological skills. 52 students from secondary schools of Engels, Yoshkar-Ola (Russia), Sholom-Aleichem Priamursky State University (Birobidzhan, Russia), Osh State University College (Osh, Kyrgyz Republic) took part in the educational experiment. The theme-based course Basic Concepts of Arduino Systems Engineering is developed based on the proprietary technology of simple projects of practical relevance. The projects render the general concept from knowledge to competence. The course consists of four modules: Start, Big Workshop/Hands-on Training, Go Ahead/Step forward, Group Design. Arduino applied in design modeling allows students to create electrical devices that would be productive in one or another area of life at a low cost. The course program is aimed at engaging students in innovative design technologies, computer programming and using robotic devices. The findings of the study were observed as part of an interview with students, educational achievement, subsequent STEM literacy test activities and the performance of game summarizing projects. The recommended method has shown the efficiency in mastering the required core set of skills of circuit design and computer programming.
The efficiency of multimedia technologies utilized in studying Mathematics course in the fields of Engineering
Authors: Eyrikh N , Zholdosheva A , Shakeeva C , Gorbunova T , Bazhenov R 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The learning model represented in the paper implies the use of specifically designed workbooks and dynamic presentations, original (self-developed) interactive computer games and training systems, LearningApps.org web service, mobile applications in Glide, Kahoot! in-game learning platform, Desmos graphing calculator and the Maple computer algebra system in learning. The applied educational tools give students an opportunity not only to get to know basic mathematical concepts, work out and test their computation skills individually but also to model processes that change over time, changing the process variables interactively. The article provides several examples of such assignments for students. In this model of arranging to learn, an educator is becoming free from a lot of routine work (manual check of tasks and tests). The educational experiment took place in the 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 academic years. 167 Engineering students from Sholom-Aleichem Priamursky State University, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, and Osh State University participated in it. The conducted experiment proved the effectiveness of the learning model suggested: competent academic performance of students has increased by 15%. Therefore, supported multimedia technologies, involving most of the sensory experience of a student in understanding learning materials, make learning more productive.
The effect of corncob as activated carbon on exhaust emission and engine performance
Authors: Gunawan Safri , Hasan Hanapi , Januariyansah Sapitri , Pakpahan Binsar Maruli Tua 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This research focuses on corncob waste as activated carbon. The matrix of tapioca (starch) is used as adhesive. The objective of this research is to compare the results of engine exhaust emission, power, and torque of vehicle with and without AC made of corncobs. The utilization of AC classified into two types of composition namely corncob and starch with 80:20 and 70:30. It arranged on the intake air filter bound and neatly to absorb nitrogen from the air so that pure oxygen burned in the combustion chamber. The results show that the AC reduces the percentage of CO, HC, CO2, O2, and AFR at various engine rotation. It also influences power and torque of vehicle performance. The result shows that AC slightly effect the performance. It decreases the torque at 70:30 composition. The main conclusion can be drawn that AC from corncobs greatly affects exhaust emissions in vehicles.
Sensitivity analysis of SEIR epidemic model of Covid 19 spread in Indonesia
Authors: Rangkuti Y.M. , Firmansyah  , Landong A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Epidemiological models may provide public health practitioners with some fundamental guidelines, allowing for the examination of issues that may influence disease prevention and treatment techniques. On establish the relative impact of the model parameters to disease transmission, a sensitivity analysis of the epidemiological model is undertaken. A sensitivity analysis of the Susceptible, Exposed, Infectious, and Recovered (SEIR) model of corona virus 2019 (COVID 19) was undertaken to determine the parameters’ influence on the basic reproduction number and endemic equilibrium. The rate of contact between susceptible individual and exposed individuals and rate of exposed to infected individuals are the most impactful parameters on the basic reproduction number and the number of infectious individuals, according to our findings. Furthermore, the number of people who have been exposed is affected by the rate at which they proceed from exposed to infect. The findings show that if infectious people recover faster, the number of contagious people will decrease.
Analysis of DSSC (dye sensitized solar cell) and characterization of ZnO-TiO2 semiconductor using method sol-gel as a material solar cell
Authors: Rais Abdul , Warti Yuni 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) has been made from ZnO-TiO2, activated carbon, electrolyte, ITO coatingHCl and Na2SO4. The process of making ZnO-TiO2 used the method sol gel. The results of the ZnO-TiOlayer2 with various dehydrolysis temperatures: 3000C, 5500C, 8000C, 10000C and 12500C, were characterized using X-Ray to determine the crystal size and peak wavelength. The results of X-Ray analysis on the ZnO-TiO layer have grain sizes ranging from (457.425; 45.74), (427.717; 42.77) and (374.419; 37.44) nm. The X-Ray The highest and lowest peaks were found at 800oC. The size of the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) type EVO MA 10 was to determine the surface morphology. The results of SEM analysis on the ZnO-TiOlayer2 have grain sizes ranging from (35.325±4.701); (47.451 ± 13.242) and (51.541 ± 13.564) μm for each dihidrolisis temperature of 300 ° C, 550 ° C, 800 ° C, 1000oC and 1250oC. To determine the absorbance of the dye to a layer of ZnO-TiO2 used UV - VisSpectrophotometer RayLEIGH – UV-1601 and I-V brandmeter Keithley for DSSC current and voltage measurement. The UV-Vis Spectrophotometer results showed that the ZnO-TiOlayer2 successfully absorbed the solution dye in the visible light absorption area. The temperature change of the hydrolysis suggests that heating the ZnO-TiOlayer2 influences solar cell performance. The maximal efficiency at 800C is (7..1±0.025)x10-3 % using IV-a meter Keithley and (8.5±0.35)x10-3 % using a circuit. The result can provide a current of 1.9-4.5 mA and a maximum voltage of 3.7 - 8.5 eV.
Developing android-based application for relieving fatigue
Authors: Gultom Syamsul , Endriani Dewi , Harahap Agustin Sastrawan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Fatigue is the problem for all workers in the world. Fatigue can influence the work performance of the workers. A relaxation model to decrease the fatigue level had been developed before by the researcher, it is named TOM’S MODEL. By, the increasing of the technology, so this study tried to improve TOM’S MODEL into android-based application. The participants of the study were the workers in one university in Indonesia. There were fourty workers recruited for this study. The participants were involved in a series of treatment. Altogether there are five treatments included pre-test and post-test. The physical fatigue and mental fatigue measured by using Whole Body Reation Tester (WBRT) and Bourdon Wiersman. The results show that there is significant reducing of fatigue both physical and mental, after the participants applied the relaxation from the android application. The interview results show that the android-based application is easier to use since it is integrated in their cellular phone. They can use it at any time and place during their work without any problems. The movement in relaxation is also simple to follow. This application can be applied for all workers in any field.
Android-based household electronic maintenance reminder system
Authors: Sinaga Nelson , Baharuddin  , Waluyo Bakti Dwi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Along with the development of electronic devices used in households such as fans, rice cookers, and others do not always function appropriately. There are times when the device is damaged, and the user will try to fix it. One way to fix this is to find an electronic equipment repair place. Therefore, the electronic user will lose time and energy to find a service place. So we need an online ordering service that specifically handles the maintenance and repair of household electronic equipment. With this system, it is also beneficial for business actors of electronic equipment repair and maintenance services. They will effortlessly get information about customers who need repair or maintenance services for electronic equipment. Thus this system is expected to facilitate service users and increase the income of service users.
First measurement of neutrons produced by deuterium fusion reactions in SPIDER
Authors: McCormack O. , Giacomelli L. , Croci G. , Muraro A. , Mario I. , Zuin M. , Cordaro L. , Gorini G. , Cippo E.P. , Grosso G. , Rigamonti D. , Rebai M. , Pasqualotto R. , Tardocchi M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The inaugural deuterium acceleration campaign in the SPIDER negative ion source facility in Padua has recently taken place. The first neutrons generated by deuterium-deuterium beam-target fusion reactions (2.45 MeV) have been recorded, occurring from the collision of accelerated deuterium with deuterium absorbed by the calorimeter of SPIDER. A neutron detector based on a novel EJ276 plastic scintillator has been employed to successfully measure the neutron flux, which shows strong agreement with the extracted current of the acceleration grid. We have performed neutron-gamma pulse shape discrimination with the EJ276 device at SPIDER combined with direct spectroscopic comparisons of the D-D neutrons with data from the Frascati neutron generator (241AmB quasi-monoenergetic 2.5 MeV). Despite the low statistics produced in this first campaign, both pulse shape discrimination and spectral analysis of the fusion neutrons was viable. The success of these first measurements has led to the installation of an array of 6 new scintillators to be used for further physical studies in future campaigns.
Glass-like transition described by toppling of stability hierarchy*
Authors: Grela Jacek , Khoruzhenko Boris A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Building on the work of Fyodorov (2004) and Fyodorov and Nadal (2012) we examine the critical behaviour of population of saddles with fixed instability index k in high dimensional random energy landscapes. Such landscapes consist of a parabolic confining potential and a random part in N ≫ 1 dimensions. When the relative strength m of the parabolic part is decreasing below a critical value m
c, the random energy landscapes exhibit a glass-like transition from a simple phase with very few critical points to a complex phase with the energy surface having exponentially many critical points. We obtain the annealed probability distribution of the instability index k by working out the mean size of the population of saddles with index k relative to the mean size of the entire population of critical points and observe toppling of stability hierarchy which accompanies the underlying glass-like transition. In the transition region m = m
c + δN
−1/2 the typical instability index scales as k = κN
1/4 and the toppling mechanism affects whole instability index distribution, in particular the most probable value of κ changes from κ = 0 in the simple phase (δ > 0) to a non-zero value κ
max ∝ (−δ)3/2 in the complex phase (δ < 0). We also show that a similar phenomenon is observed in random landscapes with an additional fixed energy constraint and in the p-spin spherical model.
Comparasion of different of Difference Extraction Methods, Types of Materials and Plant Parts of Indonesian Local Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) on Phytochemical Quality
Authors: Priadi G , Anggraheni Y G D , Mulyaningsih E S , Hartati N S , Hapsari Y , Bustanussalam  , Simanjuntak P 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Lemongrass is a wealth of Indonesian spices that have many functional benefits. The purpose of the study was to extract lemongrass essential oil and determine the difference of the type of material, extraction method, and plant parts on the phytochemical characteristics of the extract produced. Lemongrass is extracted in fresh and dried form. The selected extraction method is sonication and maceration with parts of stalks and leaves as the material. The plant material was extracted using 96% ethanol solvent. The phytochemical characteristics analyzed were antioxidant capacity, total polyphenols, and flavonoids. The results showed the highest antioxidant capacity and total phenol obtained from the fresh leaves extracted by maceration. Plant part and type of material significantly affect antioxidant capacity, total polyphenols, and total flavonoids in lemongrass. The antioxidant capacity of lemongrass is positively correlated with total polyphenols
Sagacious epitope selection for vaccines, and both antibody-based therapeutics and diagnostics: tips from virology and oncology
Authors: Gan Samuel Ken-En , Phua Ser-Xian , Yeo Joshua Yi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The target of an antibody plays a significant role in the success of antibody-based therapeutics and diagnostics, and vaccine development. This importance is focused on the target binding site—epitope, where epitope selection as a part of design thinking beyond traditional antigen selection using whole cell or whole protein immunization can positively impact success. With purified recombinant protein production and peptide synthesis to display limited/selected epitopes, intrinsic factors that can affect the functioning of resulting antibodies can be more easily selected for. Many of these factors stem from the location of the epitope that can impact accessibility of the antibody to the epitope at a cellular or molecular level, direct inhibition of target antigen activity, conservation of function despite escape mutations, and even noncompetitive inhibition sites. By incorporating novel computational methods for predicting antigen changes to model-informed drug discovery and development, superior vaccines and antibody-based therapeutics or diagnostics can be easily designed to mitigate failures. With detailed examples, this review highlights the new opportunities, factors, and methods of predicting antigenic changes for consideration in sagacious epitope selection.
Close observation of a common fern challenges long-held notions of how plants move. A commentary on ‘Fern fronds that move like pine cones: humidity-driven motion of fertile leaflets governs the timing of spore dispersal in a widespread fern species’
Authors: Watkins James E , Testo Weston L 
Published: February 2022

This article comments on:Jacob S. Suissa, Fern fronds that move like pine cones: humidity-driven motion of fertile leaflets governs the timing of spore dispersal in a widespread fern species, Annals of Botany, Volume 129, Issue 5, 11 April 2022, Pages 519–527 https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcab137