bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Geospatial Access to Care and Firearm Injury Mortality in Philadelphia
Authors: Byrne James P. , Kaufman Elinore , Scantling Dane , Tam Vicky , Martin Niels , Raza Shariq , Cannon Jeremy W. , Schwab C. William , Reilly Patrick M. , Seamon Mark J. 
Published: August 2022

ImportanceThe burden of firearm violence in US cities continues to rise. The role of access to trauma center care as a trauma system measure with implications for firearm injury mortality has not been comprehensively evaluated.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between geospatial access to care and firearm injury mortality in an urban trauma system.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsRetrospective cohort study of all people 15 years and older shot due to interpersonal violence in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, between January 1, 2015, and August 9, 2021.ExposuresGeospatial access to care, defined as the predicted ground transport time to the nearest trauma center for each person shot, derived by geospatial network analysis.Main Outcomes and MeasuresRisk-adjusted mortality estimated using hierarchical logistic regression. The population attributable fraction was used to estimate the proportion of fatalities attributable to disparities in geospatial access to care.ResultsDuring the study period, 10 105 people (910 [9%] female and 9195 [91%] male; median [IQR] age, 26 [21-28] years; 8441 [84%] Black, 1596 [16%] White, and 68 other [&amp;lt;1%], including Asian and unknown, consolidated owing to small numbers) were shot due to interpersonal violence in Philadelphia. Of these, 1999 (20%) died. The median (IQR) predicted transport time was 5.6 (3.8-7.2) minutes. After risk adjustment, each additional minute of predicted ground transport time was associated with an increase in odds of mortality (odds ratio [OR], 1.03 per minute; 95% CI, 1.01-1.05). Calculation of the population attributable fraction using mortality rate ratios for incremental 1-minute increases in predicted ground transport time estimated that 23% of shooting fatalities could be attributed to differences in access to care, equivalent to 455 deaths over the study period.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings indicate that geospatial access to care may be an important trauma system measure, improvements to which may result in reduced deaths from gun violence in US cities.
Missed Opportunities and Health Disparities for Advance Care Planning Before Elective Surgery in Older Adults
Authors: Colley Alexis , Lin Joseph A. , Pierce Logan , Finlayson Emily , Sudore Rebecca L. , Wick Elizabeth 
Published: August 2022

ImportanceAdvance care planning (ACP) prepares patients and caregivers for medical decision-making, yet it is underused in the perioperative surgical setting, particularly among older adults undergoing high-risk procedures who are at risk for postoperative complications. It is unknown what patient factors are associated with perioperative ACP documentation among older surgical patients.ObjectiveTo assess ACP documentation among high-risk patients 65 years and older undergoing elective surgery.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this observational cohort study including 3671 patients 65 years and older undergoing elective surgery at a tertiary academic center in California, electronic health record data were linked to the National Surgical Quality Improvement Project outcomes data and the California statewide death registry. The study was conducted from January 1 to December 31, 2019. Data were analyzed from January to May 2022.ExposuresElective surgery requiring an inpatient admission.Main Outcomes and MeasuresACP documentation, defined as a discussion regarding goals of care documented in an ACP note, an advance directive, or a physician order for life-sustaining treatment (POLST) form, within 90 days before elective surgery requiring inpatient admission. Multivariate regression was performed to identify factors associated with missing ACP.ResultsAmong 3671 patients (median [IQR] age 72 [65-94] years; 1784 [48.6%] female; 401 [10.9%] Asian, 155 [4.2%] Black, 284 [7.7%] Latino/Latina, 2647 [72.1%] White, and 184 [5.0%] of other races or ethnicities, including American Indian or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, multiple races or ethnicities, other, and unknown or declined to respond, combined owing to small numbers), 539 (14.7%) had ACP documentation in the 90-day presurgery window. Of these 539, 448 (83.1%) had advance directives, and 60 (11.1%) had POLST forms. The 30-day and 1-year mortality were 0.7% (n = 27) and 6.6% (n = 244), respectively. Missing ACP was significantly associated with male sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.39; 95% CI, 1.14-1.69) and having a non-English preferred language (aOR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.18-2.79). Medicare insurance was significantly associated with having ACP (aOR for missing ACP, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.40-0.95).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, perioperative ACP was uncommon, particularly in men, individuals with a non-English preferred language, and those without Medicare insurance coverage. The perioperative setting may represent a missed opportunity for ACP for older surgical patients. When addressing ACP for surgical patients, particular attention should be paid to overcoming language-related disparities.
Graphene and CNT‐Based Smart Fiber‐Reinforced Composites: A Review
Authors: Islam Mohammad Hamidul , Afroj Shaila , Uddin Mohammad Abbas , Andreeva Daria V. , Novoselov Kostya S , Karim Nazmul 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMultifunctional fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) composites provide an ideal platform for next‐generation smart composites applications including structural health monitoring, electrical and thermal conductivity, energy storage and harvesting, and electromagnetic interference shielding without compromising their mechanical properties. Recent progress in carbon‐based nanomaterials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has enabled the development of many novel multifunctional composites with excellent mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. However, the effective incorporation of such carbon nanomaterials into FRP composites using scalable, high‐speed, and cost‐effective manufacturing without compromising their performance is challenging. This review summarizes the recent progress on graphene and CNT‐based FRP composites, their manufacturing techniques, and their applications in smart composites. Current technical challenges and future perspectives on smart FRP composites research to facilitate an essential step toward moving from research and development‐based smart composites to industrial‐scale mass production are also discussed.
Multilevel Hollow Phenolic Resin Nanoreactors with Precise Metal Nanoparticles Spatial Location toward Promising Heterogeneous Hydrogenations
Authors: Pi Yutong , Ma Yanfu , Wang Xinyao , Price Cameron‐Alexander Hurd , Li Haitao , Liu Qinglong , Wang Liwei , Chen Hongyu , Hou Guangjin , Su Bao‐Lian , Liu Jian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHollow nanostructures with fascinating properties have inspired numerous interests in broad research fields. Cell‐mimicking complex hollow architectures with precise active components distributions are particularly important, while their synthesis remains highly challenging. Herein, a “top‐down” chemical surgery strategy is introduced to engrave the 3‐aminophenol formaldehyde resin (APF) spheres at nanoscale. Undergoing the cleavage of (Ar)CN bonds with ethanol as chemical scissors and subsequent repolymerization process, the Solid APF transform to multilevel hollow architecture with precise nanospatial distribution of organic functional groups (e.g., hydroxymethyl and amine). The transformation is tracked by electron microscopy and solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, the category and dosage of alcohol are pivotal for constructing multilevel hollow structures. Moreover, it is demonstrated the evolution of nanostructures accompanied with unique organic microenvironments is able to accurately confine multiple gold (Au) nanoparticles, leading to the formation of pomegranate‐like particles. Through selectively depositing palladium (Pd) nanoparticles onto the outer shell, bimetallic Au@APF@Pd catalysts are formed, which exhibit excellent hydrogenation performance with turnover frequency (TOF) value up to 11257 h–1. This work provides an effective method for precisely manipulating the nanostructure and composition of polymers at nanoscale and sheds light on the design of catalysts with precise spatial active components.
Balancing the Selective Absorption and Photon‐to‐Electron Conversion for Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics with 5.0% Light‐Utilization Efficiency
Authors: Guan Shitao , Li Yaokai , Yan Kangrong , Fu Weifei , Zuo Lijian , Chen Hongzheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEfficiently converting invisible light while allowing full visible light transmission is key to achieving high‐performance semitransparent organic photovoltaics (ST‐OPVs). Here, a detailed balance strategy is explored to optimize the ST‐OPV via taking both absorption and carrier dynamics into consideration. Based on this principle, comprehensive optimizations are carried out, including a ternary strategy, donor:acceptor blend ratio, thickness, antireflection, etc., to compromise the invisible energy conversion and visible transmission for high‐performance ST‐OPVs. As a result, the opaque OPV device exhibits a champion power conversion efficiency of 19.35% (certificated 19.07%), and most strikingly, the best ST‐OPV shows a remarkably high light‐utilization efficiency of 5.0%, where the efficiency and the average visible transmission are 12.95% and 38.67%, respectively. An efficiency of 12.09% is achieved on the upscaled device with an area of 1.05 cm2, demonstrating its promise for large‐area fabrication. These results are among the best values for ST‐OPVs. Besides, it is demonstrated that the ST‐OPV exhibits good infrared light‐reflection capability for thermal control. This work provides a rational design of balancing the absorbing selectivity and photon‐to‐electron conversion for high‐performance ST‐OPVs, and may pave the way toward the practical application of solar windows.
Electrosynthesis of β‐Acyloxy‐γ‐Selenyl Amines via Migratory Oxyselenation of N‐Acyl Allylamines
Authors: Lin Kejun , Lan Jianyong , Zhu Tingshun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA metal‐free and external‐oxidant‐free electrosynthesis of β‐acyloxy‐γ‐selenyl amines was developed. The cascade reaction is triggered by anodic oxidative generation of electrophilic selenium cation, followed by electrophilic addition to the unactivated alkene, and successive water promoted intramolecular acyl migration. The reactions gave the products in up to 98% yield with controllable regio‐ and diastereoselectivities. Different chemoselectivity towards cyclization products was also viable with N‐Boc and N‐Cbz substrates. Both batch chemistry and flow chemistry were available for scale‐up synthesis with up to 91% yield.magnified image
Dual Vertically Aligned Electrode‐Inspired High‐Capacity Lithium Batteries
Authors: Mu Yongbiao , Chen Yuzhu , Wu Buke , Zhang Qing , Lin Meng , Zeng Lin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLithium (Li) dendrite formation and poor Li+ transport kinetics under high‐charging current densities and capacities inhibit the capabilities of Li metal batteries (LMBs). This study proposes a 3D conductive multichannel carbon framework (MCF) with homogeneously distributed vertical graphene nanowalls (VGWs@MCF) as a multifunctional host to efficiently regulate Li deposition and accelerate Li+ transport. A novel electrode for both Li|VGWs@MCF anode and LFP|VGWs@MCF (NCM811|VGWs@MCF) cathode is designed and fabricated using a dual vertically aligned architecture. This unique hierarchical structure provides ultrafast, continuous, and smooth electron transport channels; furthermore, it furnishes outstanding mechanical strength to support massive Li deposition at ultrahigh rates. As a result, the Li|VGWs@MCF anode exhibits outstanding cycling stability at ultrahigh currents and capacities (1000 h at 10 mA cm–2 and 10 mAh cm–2, and 1000 h at 30 mA cm–2 and 60 mAh cm–2). Moreover, full cells made of such 3D anodes and freestanding LFP|VGWs@MCF (NCM811|VGWs@MCF) cathodes with conspicuous mass loading (45 mg cm–2 for LFP and 35 mg cm–2 for NCM811) demonstrate excellent areal capacities (6.98 mAh cm–2 for LFP and 5.6 mAh cm–2 for NCM811). This strategy proposes a promising direction for the development of high‐energy‐density practical Li batteries that combine safety, performance, and sustainability.
Educator's blueprint: A how‐to guide for survey design
Authors: Hill Jeffery , Ogle Kathleen , Santen Sally A. , Gottlieb Michael , Artino Anthony R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSurveys are ubiquitous in medical education. They can be valuable for assessment across a wide range of applications and are frequently used in medical education research. This Educator's Blueprint paper reviews the best practices in survey design with a focus on survey development. Key components of the survey design process include determining whether a survey is the right tool, using an intentional approach to content development, and following best practices in item writing and formatting. These processes are meant to help educators and researchers design better surveys for making better decisions.
Unravelling the Reactivity of Framework Lewis Acid Sites towards Methanol Activation on H‐ZSM‐5 Zeolite with Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Hu Min , Wang Chao , Chu Yueying , Wang Qiang , Li Shenhui , Xu Jun , Deng Feng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the acid sites on zeolites is vital for the establishment of catalyst structure–activity relationship and exploration of their potential applications in heterogeneous catalysis. Here, we report the identification of active framework Lewis acid sites on ZSM‐5 zeolites. The structures of framework‐associated tri‐coordinated Al that is bonding with hydroxyl groups are determined by using one‐ dimensional (1D) 31P and two‐dimensional (2D) 31P‐{27Al} NMR spectroscopy of trimethylphosphine oxide probe molecule. 2D 13C‐{27Al} NMR correlation experiments allow the observation of favorable formation of methoxy species on the framework‐associated Al Lewis acid sites in methanol reaction at low temperature, which is corroborated by density functional theory calculations. These methoxy species contribute to the further conversion of methanol to hydrocarbons as active C1 species. The results provide new insights into the Lewis acidity of zeolites.
Isothermal Titration Calorimetry for Characterizing the Zinc(II)‐Binding Properties of Photocaged Complexes with Micromolar Affinity
Authors: Hickey Erin E. , Shigemoto Austin , Gericke Arne , Burdette Shawn C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMorphDeCage (2‐(4‐methoxy‐3‐nitrophenyl)‐2‐morpholinoacetic acid) and PyrDeCage (2‐(4‐methoxy‐3‐nitrophenyl)‐2‐(methyl(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)amino)acetic) are Zn2+ photocages that utilize photodecarboxylation of the methoxy derivative of meta‐nitrophenylacetic acid as the release mechanism. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) was used an alternative to usual approaches to measure the Zn2+ binding affinities of these new compounds owing to unsuccessful measurement by competitive titration with 4‐(2‐pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR). MorphDeCage forms a 1 : 1 ligand‐metal complex with a 106 μM Kd value. PyrDeCage forms both a 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 metal: ligand complexes with 3.2 and 21.7 μM Kd values respectively. To further demonstrate the efficacy of the ITC methodology and provide a comparison to direct UV‐vis titrations data, two photocages based on Sanger's reagent (SRPs) were prepared. The Kd values of the SRPs measured by UV‐vis titration and ITC were internally consistent and support the retraction of the original report (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 3806–3813), which was withdrawn due to errors in binding affinity measurements.
Hollow Spherical Fullerene Obtained by Kinetically Controlled Liquid‐Liquid Interfacial Precipitation
Authors: Chen Guoping , Sciortino Flavien , Takeyasu Kotaro , Nakamura Junji , Hill Jonathan P. , Shrestha Lok Kumar , Ariga Katsuhiko 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNanomaterials with hollow structures are expected to exhibit new functionalities for materials engineering. Here we report the fabrication of fullerene (C60) spheres having different hollow structures by using a kinetically controlled liquid‐liquid interfacial precipitation (KC‐LLIP) method. For this purpose, 1,2‐ethylenediamine (EDA) was used as a covalent cross‐linker of C60 molecules to form C60‐EDA shells, while in‐situ generated EDA‐sulfur (EDA‐S) droplets were applied as ‘yolks’ being eliminated by washing following formation of the yolk‐shell structure, leading to hollow structures. Porous spheres, string hollow spheres, hollow spheres, and open hollow spheres have been synthesized by controlling the kinetics of nucleation of C60‐EDA and the template EDA‐S growth. Isopropanol was used as an additive to control the discrepancy in growth rates of C60‐EDA and EDA‐S. This simple KC‐LLIP preparation method is expected to facilitate the large‐scale fabrication and application of structured C60 spheres in materials science and technology.
Feedstock planning and optimization of a sustainable distributed configuration biorefinery for biojet fuel production via ATJ process
Authors: Rivas‐Interian Raul Mauricio , Sanchez‐Ramirez Eduardo , Quiroz‐Ramírez Juan José , Segovia‐Hernandez Juan Gabriel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the production and consumption of fossil jet fuel have increased as a consequence of a rise in the number of passengers and goods transported by air. Despite the low demand caused by the coronavirus 2019 pandemic, an increase in the services offered by the sector is expected again. In an economic context still dependent on scarce oil, this represents a problem. There is also a problem arising from the fuel's environmental impact throughout its life cycle. Given this, a promising solution is the use of biojet fuel as renewable aviation fuel. In a circular economy framework, the use of lignocellulosic biomass in the form of sugar‐rich crop residues allows the production of alcohols necessary to obtain biojet fuel. The tools provided by process intensification also make it possible to design a sustainable process with low environmental impact and capable of achieving energy savings. The goal of this work was to design an intensified process to produce biojet fuel from Mexican lignocellulosic biomass, with alcohols as intermediates. The process was modeled following a sequence of pretreatment/hydrolysis/fermentation/purification for the biomass‐ethanol process, and dehydration/oligomerization/hydrogenation/distillation for ethanol‐biojet process under the concept of distributed configuration. To obtain a cleaner, greener, and cheaper process, the purification zone of ethanol was intensified by employing a vapor side stream distillation column and a dividing wall column. Once designed, the entire process was optimized by employing the stochastic method of differential evolution with a tabu list to minimize the total annual cost and with the Eco‐indicator‐99 to evaluate the sustainability of the process. The results show that savings of 5.56% and a reduction of 1.72% in Eco‐indicator‐99 were achieved with a vapor side stream column in comparison with conventional distillation. On the other hand, with a dividing wall column, savings of 5.02% and reductions of 2.92% in Eco‐indicator‐99 were achieved. This process is capable of meeting a demand greater than 266 million liters of biojet fuel per year. However, the calculated sale price indicates that this biojet fuel still does not compete with conventional jet fuel produced in Mexico. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brefeldin A from the Deep‐Sea‐Derived Fungus Fusarium sp. Targets on RIPK3 to Inhibit TNFα‐Induced Necroptosis
Authors: Shi Jia‐Yi , Wang Chao‐Feng , Xie Ming‐Min , Hao You‐Jia , Wang Ning , Ma Hua‐Bin , Yang Xian‐Wen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFrom the deep‐sea‐derived Fusarium sp. ZEN‐48, four known compounds were obtained. Their structures were established by extensive analyses of the NMR, HR‐ESI‐MS, and the X‐ray crystallographic data as brefeldin A (BFA, 1), brevianamide F (2), N‐acetyltryptamine (3), and (+)‐diaporthin (4). Although BFA was extensively investigated for its potent bioactivities, its role on TNFα‐induced necroptosis was incompletely understood. In this study, BFA showed significant inhibition on TNFα‐induced necroptosis by disrupting the necrosome formation and suppressing the phosphorylation of RIPK3 and MLKL (IC50=0.5 μM). While, it had no effect on TNFα‐induced NF‐κB/MAPKs activation and apoptosis. The finding raised significant implications of BFA for necroptosis‐related inflammatory disease therapy and new drug development from marine fungi.
Electricity Generation from Atmospheric Moisture Using a CdS/p‐Si Nanowire Hetero‐Junction Device
Authors: Aggarwal Rinki , Kumar Avshish , Dhasmana Hrishikesh , Verma Abhishek , Jain Vinod K. , Sengupta Sucheta 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOne‐dimensional heterojunction devices are gaining attention because of improved carrier collection which results in improving the overall efficiency of a device. Herein, we report the synthesis of a CdS/p‐Si nanowire (NW) hetero‐junction device by wet‐chemical methods and their potential application for electricity generation from atmospheric moisture. A single CdS/p‐Si NWs hetero‐junction based moisture enabled electricity generator (MEG) device exhibits a saturated maximum output voltage in the range of 250–300 mV and a saturation current of ∼0.2 μA in presence of humid conditions. This primitive module acts as a promising candidate for future energy generation devices constituting of individual units connected either through simple series or parallel connection to scale up high electrical power.
Automated gender‐Parkinson's disease detection at the same time via a hybrid deep model using human voice
Authors: Kaya Duygu 
Published: August 2022

SummaryGender and Parkinson disease (PD) identifications are critical parts to be noted from a given in human voice. Numerous artificial intelligence based methods have been proposed to detect gender and PD easily in literature. It is purposed to build an effective and a dependable simultaneously gender and PD recognition system based on feature extraction and feature selection methods in this study. First, CNN structure is used for obtaining deeper features from TQWT applied data and acoustic deep parameters are obtained by it. Later, these deep features are subjected to mRMR feature selection algorithm that increase the performance efficiency of the classifiers. As a result, the crucial features obtained by this hybrid structure and significant success rate 98.9% is obtained with the k‐NN classifier. Thus, gender and PD are detected at the same time. Also, this work is multiclass problem so, the other success parameters are calculated separately.