bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Faecal incontinence is associated with an impaired rectosigmoid brake and improved by sacral neuromodulation
Authors: Lin Anthony Y. , Varghese Chris , Paskaranandavadivel Niranchan , Seo Sean , Du Peng , Dinning Phil , Bissett Ian P. , O'Grady Greg 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe rectosigmoid brake, characterised by retrograde cyclic motor patterns on high‐resolution colonic manometry, has been postulated as a contributor to the maintenance of bowel continence. Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is an effective therapy for faecal incontinence, but its mechanism of action is unclear. This study aims to investigate the colonic motility patterns in the distal colon of patients with faecal incontinence, and how these are modulated by SNM.MethodsA high‐resolution fibreoptic colonic manometry catheter, containing 36 sensors spaced at 1‐cm intervals, was positioned in patients with faecal incontinence undergoing stage 1 SNM. One hour of pre‐ and post meal recordings were obtained followed by pre‐ and post meal recordings with suprasensory SNM. A 700‐kcal meal was given. Data were analysed to identify propagating contractions.ResultsFifteen patients with faecal incontinence were analysed. Patients had an abnormal meal response (fewer retrograde propagating contractions compared to controls;p = 0.027) and failed to show a post meal increase in propagating contractions (mean 17 ± 6/h premeal vs. 22 ± 9/h post meal,p = 0.438). Compared to baseline, SNM significantly increased the number of retrograde propagating contractions in the distal colon (8 ± 3/h premeal vs. 14 ± 3/h premeal with SNM,p = 0.028). Consuming a meal did not further increase the number of propagating contractions beyond the baseline upregulating effect of SNM.ConclusionThe rectosigmoid brake was suppressed in this cohort of patients with faecal incontinence. SNM may exert a therapeutic effect by modulating this rectosigmoid brake.
National trends in gastrostomy in older adults between 2014 and 2019 in Japan
Authors: Hattori Yukari , Hamada Shota , Ishizaki Tatsuro , Sakata Nobuo , Iwagami Masao , Tamiya Nanako , Akishita Masahiro , Yamanaka Takashi 
Published: July 2022

AimPrevious studies have shown temporal trends in the number of gastrostomies until 2016, but the recent trend is yet to be analyzed. This study aimed to evaluate temporal trends in gastrostomy (mostly percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy) in older adults in Japan in more recent years.MethodsWe extracted data on the numbers of gastrostomies and swallowing function assessment prior to gastrostomy, using the national aggregated open data (NDB Open Data) from 2014 to 2019.ResultsAdults in their 80s accounted for the largest portion of gastrostomy during the study period. A decreasing trend in the total number of gastrostomy was observed in older adults from 2014 to 2016, but became almost stable thereafter (57 103 in 2014, 47 228 in 2016, and 47 944 in 2019). The age group‐stratified numbers of gastrostomy per 100 000 individuals decreased by −33.9% (≥90 years group) to −6.1% (65–69 years group) from 2014 to 2019. The implementation rate of the swallowing function assessment remained relatively low, despite a slight increase (21.4% in 2015 to 23.7% in 2019).ConclusionWe showed that the total number of gastrostomies remained almost stable after 2016 despite population aging. We considered that the avoidance of gastrostomy in frail or disabled older adults might explain the decrease, particularly for those aged over 80 years. Our findings would regain attention to appropriate decision‐making for gastrostomy. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 648–652.
Low syntaxin 17 expression in donor liver is associated with poor graft prognosis in recipients of living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Tomiyama Takahiro , Shimokawa Masahiro , Harada Noboru , Toshida Katsuya , Morinaga Akinari , Kosai‐Fujimoto Yukiko , Tomino Takahiro , Kurihara Takeshi , Nagao Yoshihiro , Toshima Takeo , Morita Kazutoyo , Itoh Shinji , Yoshizumi Tomoharu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimLiver transplantation (LT) is the only curative therapy for decompensated liver cirrhosis. For recipients of living donor LT (LDLT), restoration of liver function after transplantation is highly dependent on liver regenerative capacity, which requires large amounts of intracellular energy. Mitochondrial metabolism provides a stable supply of adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP) for liver regeneration. Mitophagy is a selective process in which damaged, non‐functional mitochondria are degraded and replaced with new functional mitochondria. We investigated the relationship between expression of Syntaxin17 (STX17), a key protein in mitophagy regulation, in donor livers and graft survival.MethodsWe examined STX17 expression in grafts from 143 LDLT donors who underwent right lobe resection and investigated the relationship between STX17 expression and graft function. We investigated the correlations among STX17 expression, mitochondrial membrane potential and cell proliferation, using a STX17‐knockdown hepatocyte cell line.ResultsRecipients transplanted with low STX17‐expression grafts had significantly lower graft survival rates than recipients transplanted with high STX17‐expression grafts (88.9% vs. 100%, p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that low STX17 expression (HR: 10.7, CI: 1.29–88.0, p < 0.05) and the absence of splenectomy (HR: 6.27, CI: 1.59–24.8, p < 0.01) were independent predictive factors for small‐for‐size graft syndrome, which is the severe complication in LDLT. In the vitro experiments, the percentage of depolarized damaged mitochondria was increased in the STX17‐knockdown hepatocyte cell line, suggesting decreased mitophagy and ATP synthesis. Cell proliferation was significantly decreased in the STX17‐knockdown hepatocyte cell line.ConclusionSTX17 contributes to mitophagy and maintenance of mitochondrial function in hepatocytes and may be a predictor of graft dysfunction in LDLT patients.
PCR‐Fluo‐ASXL1‐FA: A fast, sensitive and inexpensive complementary method to detect ASXL1 mutations in haematological malignancies
Authors: Friedrich Chloé , Zalmaï Loria , Gay Juliette , Coude Marie Magdeleine , Bravetti Clotilde , Vazquez Romain , Temple Marie , Duroyon Eugénie , Darnige Luc , Decroocq Justine , Alary Anne Sophie , Kosmider Olivier 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe additional sex combs like 1 (ASXL1) gene is frequently mutated in a number of haematological neoplasms. The c.1934dupG, known to be the most common alteration in ASXL1, is associated with poor clinical outcome. A systematic determination of ASXL1 mutational status in myeloid malignancies is therefore necessary for prognostic stratification.MethodsBecause direct sequencing is not sensitive and next‐generation sequencing (NGS) is time‐consuming, expensive and sometimes does not allow the detection of the c.1934dupG, we have developed a fragment analysis assay, complementary to NGS, that allows the detection of c.1934dupG mutation in addition to other nearby insertions/deletions of ASXL1 located close to it. We called this assay the “PCR‐Fluo‐ASXL1‐FA.”ResultsFirst, we evaluated the efficiency of our approach compared to NGS and Sanger. We showed that “PCR‐Fluo‐ASXL1‐FA” could detect all insertional mutations of ASXL1 located on its area, with a high sensitivity (1.5%). Then, we have illustrated the interest of this technique by three concrete cases.DiscussionIn summary, we have established a fragment analysis approach, which can detect most ASXL1 mutations, in particular the c.1934dupG, in a sensitive, fast and inexpensive manner. We therefore recommend the synchronous use of this method with NGS, to ensure complete detection of all clinically relevant ASXL1 mutations in patients suffering with myeloid neoplasms.
Insight of BaCe0.5Fe0.5O3−δ twin perovskite oxide composite for solid oxide electrochemical cells
Authors: Zhao Zeyu , Zou Minda , Huang Hua , Zhai Ximei , Wofford Harrison , Tong Jianhua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOne‐pot synthesized twin perovskite oxide composite of BaCe0.5Fe0.5O3−δ (BCF), comprising cubic and orthorhombic perovskite phases, shows triple‐conducting properties for promising solid oxide electrochemical cells. Phase composition evolution of BCF under various conditions was systematically investigated, revealing that the cubic perovskite phase could be fully/partially reduced into the orthorhombic phase under certain conditions. The reduction happened between the two phases at the interface, leading to the microstructure change. As a result, the corresponding apparent conducting properties also changed due to the difference between predominant conduction properties for each phase. Based on the revealed phase composition, microstructure, and electrochemical properties changes, a deep understanding of BCF's application in different conditions (oxidizing atmospheres, reducing/oxidizing gradients, cathodic conditions, and anodic conditions) was achieved. Triple‐conducting property (H+/O2−/e−), fast open‐circuit voltage response (∼16–∼470 mV) for gradients change, and improved single‐cell performance (∼31% lower polarization resistance at 600°C) were comprehensively demonstrated. Besides, the performance was analyzed under anodic conditions, which showed that the microstructure and phase change significantly affected the anodic behavior.
National Parties as Multilevel Organizations in the EU. A Comparative Case Study of Flanders, Denmark and the Netherlands
Authors: Pittoors Gilles 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article scrutinizes national political parties' organizational linkages with the European level. Such linkages not only provide parties with information from the European level, but also provide the EU with a source of democratic legitimacy. By applying an inductive research design and qualitatively reconstructing the organizational linkages of 15 parties in Flanders, the Netherlands and Denmark, this article shows that not only national parties' concrete organizational practices, but also their underlying strategies for engaging the European level differ notably. Importantly, parties' multilevel organizational strategies differentiate between an ‘internal’ dimension (linkages with their ‘own’ EU‐level agents) and an ‘external’ dimension (linkages with their Europarty). Building on these case studies, the article presents an original typology of multilevel party organization in an EU context, providing researchers with an empirically grounded and ideal‐typical benchmark for understanding the organization and behaviour of national parties in the EU.
Cognitive Diagnostic Multistage Testing by Partitioning Hierarchically Structured Attributes
Authors: Kim Rae Yeong , Yoo Yun Joo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn cognitive diagnostic models (CDMs), a set of fine‐grained attributes is required to characterize complex problem solving and provide detailed diagnostic information about an examinee. However, it is challenging to ensure reliable estimation and control computational complexity when The test aims to identify the examinee's attribute profile in a large‐scale map of attributes. To address this problem, this study proposes a cognitive diagnostic multistage testing by partitioning hierarchically structured attributes (CD‐MST‐PH) as a multistage testing for CDM. In CD‐MST‐PH, multiple testlets can be constructed based on separate attribute groups before testing occurs, which retains the advantages of multistage testing over fully adaptive testing or the on‐the‐fly approach. Moreover, testlets are offered sequentially and adaptively, thus improving test accuracy and efficiency. An item information measure is proposed to compute the discrimination power of an item for each attribute, and a module assembly method is presented to construct modules anchored at each separate attribute group. Several module selection indices for CD‐MST‐PH are also proposed by modifying the item selection indices used in cognitive diagnostic computerized adaptive testing. The results of simulation study show that CD‐MST‐PH can improve test accuracy and efficiency relative to the conventional test without adaptive stages.
Young children's sleep patterns and problems in paediatric primary healthcare settings: a multicentre cross‐sectional study from a nationally representative sample
Authors: Boran Perran , Ergin Ahmet , Us Mahmut Caner , Dinleyici Meltem , Velipaşaoğlu Sevtap , Yalçın Siddika Songül , Barutçu Adnan , Gökçay Gülbin , Gür Emel , Çamurdan Duyan Aysu , Aydın Adem , Celep Gökce , Almış Habip , Savcı Gözdenur , Kondolot Meda , Nalbantoğlu Burçin , Ünver Korgalı Elif , Yendur Özge , Orhon Şimşek Filiz , Kara Uzun Aysun , Bağ Özlem , Koç Feyza , Bülbül Selda 
Published: July 2022

SummaryStudies describing paediatric sleep patterns are needed by taking culture into consideration. The aim of this study was to identify parent‐reported sleep–wake patterns in young children and explore possible factors influencing sleep problems. The mothers of 2,434 young children enrolled from well‐child outpatient clinics in Turkey completed an online survey including sociodemographic variables, Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Generalised Anxiety Disorder scales. Overall, young children in Turkey go to bed late (10:00 p.m.), awaken twice per night for 30 min, and obtain 11.5 h of total sleep, showing no sex‐specific differences. Distinct night‐time sleep patterns emerged after 18 months of age. Importantly, although currently breastfed healthy children were 3.8‐times less likely to sleep through the night, total sleep duration and exclusive breastfeeding duration were higher in children who were not sleeping through the night. Overall, bedsharing was identified in 11.5%, and only room sharing was reported in 52.9%. Parental perception of a child's sleep as problematic was 35.8%. Mothers with higher educational attainment were more likely to perceive their children's sleep as a problem. Maternal depressive and anxious symptoms and a history of excessive infant crying were the determinants predicting the likelihood of both parent‐perceived sleep problems and poor sleepers. The present analysis of sleep structure in infancy and toddlerhood provides reference data for well‐child visits. These findings highlight the importance of considering maternal anxiety, depression and behaviour management techniques to cope with fussy infants in addressing childhood behavioural sleep problems.
Delineating selective vulnerability of inhibitory interneurons in Alpers' syndrome
Authors: Smith Laura A. , Erskine Daniel , Blain Alasdair , Taylor Robert W. , McFarland Robert , Lax Nichola Z. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsAlpers' syndrome is a severe neurodegenerative disease typically caused by bi‐allelic variants in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymerase gene, POLG, leading to mtDNA depletion. Intractable epilepsy, often with an occipital focus, and extensive neurodegeneration are prominent features of Alpers' syndrome. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is severely impaired with mtDNA depletion and is likely to be a major contributor to the epilepsy and neurodegeneration in Alpers' syndrome. We hypothesised that parvalbumin‐positive(+) interneurons, a neuronal class critical for inhibitory regulation of physiological cortical rhythms, would be particularly vulnerable in Alpers' syndrome due to the excessive energy demands necessary to sustain their fast‐spiking activity.MethodsWe performed a quantitative neuropathological investigation of inhibitory interneuron subtypes (parvalbumin+, calretinin+, calbindin+, somatostatin interneurons+) in postmortem neocortex from 14 Alpers' syndrome patients, five sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) patients (to control for effects of epilepsy) and nine controls.ResultsWe identified a severe loss of parvalbumin+ interneurons and clear evidence of OXPHOS impairment in those that remained. Comparison of regional abundance of interneuron subtypes in control tissues demonstrated enrichment of parvalbumin+ interneurons in the occipital cortex, while other subtypes did not exhibit such topographic specificity.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the vulnerability of parvalbumin+ interneurons to OXPHOS deficits coupled with the high abundance of parvalbumin+ interneurons in the occipital cortex is a key factor in the aetiology of the occipital‐predominant epilepsy that characterises Alpers' syndrome. These findings provide novel insights into Alpers' syndrome neuropathology, with important implications for the development of preclinical models and disease‐modifying therapeutics.
Cross‐reactivity of each fraction among cereals in children with wheat allergy
Authors: Takei Mari , Saito Akemi , Yanagida Noriyuki , Sato Sakura , Ebisawa Motohiro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundCross‐reactivity between wheat and other cereals is a crucial issue in the management of wheat allergy. Few studies have reported in vitro cross‐reactivity in immediate‐type wheat allergy. The aim of this study aimed to examine cross‐reactivity of the three fractions (albumin/globulin, gliadin, and glutenin fractions) among cereals in children with wheat allergy.MethodsSera from 128 children with immediate‐type wheat allergy were collected. Specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) levels against each fraction of wheat, barley, and rye were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cross‐reactivities of each fraction among wheat, barley, and rye were examined via inhibition ELISA.ResultsAll subjects were sensitized to all fractions of wheat, barley, and rye. The wheat sIgE levels were significantly higher than those of barley and rye in all the fractions (p ≤ .001) and were significantly correlated with sIgE levels in each fraction (r = .887–.969, p < .001). Inhibition ELISA revealed that wheat inhibited the IgE binding to most of the solid phases at lower protein levels compared with barley and rye in all fractions.ConclusionsIn children with immediate‐type wheat allergy, sensitization to all the three fractions of wheat was observed. In addition, they showed sensitization to barley and rye caused by in vitro cross‐reactivity with wheat in each fraction. When managing children with wheat allergy, sensitization to barley and rye caused by the cross‐reactivities should be considered.
THIAMIN REQUIRING2 is involved in thiamin diphosphate biosynthesis and homeostasis
Authors: Hsieh Wei‐Yu , Wang Hsin‐Mei , Chung Yi‐Hsin , Lee Kim‐Teng , Liao Hong‐Sheng , Hsieh Ming‐Hsiun 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARYThe THIAMIN REQUIRING2 (TH2) protein comprising a mitochondrial targeting peptide followed by a transcription enhancement A and a haloacid dehalogenase domain is a thiamin monophosphate (TMP) phosphatase in the vitamin B1 biosynthetic pathway. The Arabidopsis th2‐3 T‐DNA insertion mutant was chlorotic and deficient in thiamin diphosphate (TDP). Complementation assays confirmed that haloacid dehalogenase domain alone was sufficient to rescue the th2‐3 mutant. In pTH2:TH2‐GFP/th2‐3 complemented plants, the TH2‐GFP was localized to the cytosol, mitochondrion, and nucleus, indicating that the vitamin B1 biosynthetic pathway extended across multi‐subcellular compartments. Engineered TH2‐GFP localized to the cytosol, mitochondrion, nucleus, and chloroplast, could complement the th2 mutant. Together, these results highlight the importance of intracellular TMP and thiamin trafficking in vitamin B1 biosynthesis. In an attempt to enhance the production of thiamin, we created various constructs to overexpress TH2‐GFP in the cytosol, mitochondrion, chloroplast, and nucleus. Unexpectedly, overexpressing TH2‐GFP resulted in an increase rather than a decrease in TMP. While studies on th2 mutants support TH2 as a TMP phosphatase, analyses of TH2‐GFP overexpression lines implicating TH2 may also function as a TDP phosphatase in planta. We propose a working model that the TMP/TDP phosphatase activity of TH2 connects TMP, thiamin, and TDP into a metabolic cycle. The TMP phosphatase activity of TH2 is required for TDP biosynthesis, and the TDP phosphatase activity of TH2 may modulate TDP homeostasis in Arabidopsis.
Racial bias and reproducibility in pulse oximetry among medical and surgical inpatients in general care in the Veterans Health Administration 2013-19: multicenter, retrospective cohort study
Authors: Valbuena Valeria S M , Seelye Sarah , Sjoding Michael W , Valley Thomas S , Dickson Robert P , Gay Steven E , Claar Dru , Prescott Hallie C , Iwashyna Theodore J 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate measurement discrepancies by race between pulse oximetry and arterial oxygen saturation (as measured in arterial blood gas) among inpatients not in intensive care.DesignMulticenter, retrospective cohort study using electronic medical records from general care medical and surgical inpatients.SettingVeteran Health Administration, a national and racially diverse integrated health system in the United States, from 2013 to 2019.ParticipantsAdult inpatients in general care (medical and surgical), in Veteran Health Administration medical centers.Main outcomes measuresOccult hypoxemia (defined as arterial blood oxygen saturation (SaO2) of <88% despite a pulse oximetry (SpO2) reading of ≥92%), and whether rates of occult hypoxemia varied by race and ethnic origin.ResultsA total of 30 039 pairs of SpO2-SaO2readings made within 10 minutes of each other were identified during the study. These pairs were predominantly among non-Hispanic white (21 918 (73.0%)) patients; non-Hispanic black patients and Hispanic or Latino patients accounted for 6498 (21.6%) and 1623 (5.4%) pairs in the sample, respectively. Among SpO2values greater or equal to 92%, unadjusted probabilities of occult hypoxemia were 15.6% (95% confidence interval 15.0% to 16.1%) in white patients, 19.6% (18.6% to 20.6%) in black patients (P<0.001vwhite patients, with similar P values in adjusted models), and 16.2% (14.4% to 18.1%) in Hispanic or Latino patients (P=0.53vwhite patients, P<0.05 in adjusted models). This result was consistent in SpO2-SaO2pairs restricted to occur within 5 minutes and 2 minutes. In white patients, an initial SpO2-SaO2pair with little difference in saturation was associated with a 2.7% (95% confidence interval −0.1% to 5.5%) probability of SaO2<88% on a later paired SpO2-SaO2reading showing an SpO2of 92%, but black patients had a higher probability (12.9% (−3.3% to 29.0%)).ConclusionsIn general care inpatient settings across the Veterans Health Administration where paired readings of arterial blood gas (SaO2) and pulse oximetry (SpO2) were obtained, black patients had higher odds than white patients of having occult hypoxemia noted on arterial blood gas but not detected by pulse oximetry. This difference could limit access to supplemental oxygen and other more intensive support and treatments for black patients.