bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of threats to the Pacific seahorse Hippocampus ingens (Girard 1858) in Peru
Authors: Alfaro‐Shigueto Joanna , Alfaro‐Cordova Eliana , Mangel Jeffrey C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIllegal wildlife trade has been identified as a major source of global commerce of seahorses. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora listed the genus Hippocampus in Appendix II in 2004, when several countries that commercialized these species also banned transactions through domestic legislation, Peru being one of them. Nevertheless, since the 2004 ban was decreed in Peru, transactions have continued, including international commerce, as well confiscations of illegal seahorse Hippocampus ingens (Girard 1858) products. The authors reviewed three official government sources for information on seahorse trade in Peru, identifying differences in the reporting of the two agencies that monitor exports and imports of seahorses, likely due to non‐standardized use of product categorization codes (Partidas Arancelarias). Confiscations reported by one of the agencies confirmed that illegal trade continued despite the ban and in similar amounts of what was exported by Peru before the ban (1053 kg confiscated in 2019 vs. 1460 kg exported in 2004, an estimated 437,888 and 607,067 seahorses, respectively). This review highlights gaps in seahorse conservation in Peru, which include research gaps (e.g., taxonomy, biology and use of habitats) as well as the identification of fisheries impact and improvements in by‐catch reporting. This review also highlights areas for possible improvement in international trade (e.g., standardized descriptions of Partidas) that ultimately would allow the country to follow the Convention for Illegal Trade of Endangered Species regulations for seahorses.
Factors affecting year‐class strength and growth of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in impounded lakes as revealed by otolith chronologies
Authors: Perry Robert C. , Casselman John M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecruitment and growth rates for lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) inhabiting the Smallwood Reservoir, Labrador, Canada, were influenced by facets of its creation and the temporal variability in water levels associated with its operation. Filling of the reservoir between 1971 and 1974 created a concurrent increase in lake whitefish recruitment above long‐term averages. In addition, recruitment was influenced by winter drawdown levels: higher water levels during February enhanced recruitment, accounting for an additional 10% of the long‐term variation in recruitment. Using otolith increments as a growth index, the authors determined that growth was influenced by reservoir creation. Growth rates during the initial period of flooding (1971–1975) exceeded long‐term averages and were greater than those in any other 5‐year period between 1965 and 1995. Growth rate increases were attributed to a simultaneous zooplankton bloom. After exceptional growth, lake whitefish showed a period (1976–1980) when growth rates decreased. The authors developed a quantitative technique using otoliths as an index to establish chronologies of fish growth rates. The index can be used to quantify and assess the impacts of reservoir hydrology on fish populations.
Combination of epidermal keratinocyte–melanocyte cells suspension and microneedling: Safe surgical approach in vitiligo
Authors: Nilforoushzadeh Mohammad Ali , Nouri Maryam , Alavi Shiva , Sadatiseyedmahaleh Ashrafalsadat , Razzaghi Zahra , Khodaverdi Darian Ebrahim , Afzali Hamideh , Mahmoudbeyk Mona , Behrangi Elham , Nikkhah Nahid , Peyrovan Aisan , Zare Sona 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionVitiligo is a skin disease that is associated with impaired skin immune systems and pigment degradation in skin melanocyte cells. Despite the significant impact of the disease on the quality of life of patients, treatment of the disease using an effective method such as the transplantation of uncultivated melanocytes was considered by researchers around the world. The goal of this research was to use microneedling to transplant epidermal keratinocyte–melanocyte cells suspension for the treatment of vitiligo patients.MethodsIn this study, 15 male and female vitiligo in face region patients aged 18–45 years were studied. In this study, melanocyte–keratinocyte cells suspension was sprayed. Patients underwent microneedling treatment after spraying the cells. Before and after transplantation, patients were biometrically examined, and the quantity of pigmentation and changes in the transplanted region were documented. Statistical software was used to examine the results.ResultsThe color difference between the lesion area and normal skin in one, two, and six months after treatment with cell suspension was significantly reduced compared with before treatment (by 48.95%). Moreover, the amount of melanin was significantly increased 6 months after treatment compared with before treatment (129.8 ± 4.16 vs. 195.2 ± 3.54, p = 0.000). A significant decrease in skin brightness in the skin of the lesion area was observed compared with normal skin, 6 months after treatment compared with before treatment (43.7 ± 1.44 vs. 27.9 ± 1.24, p = 0.000).ConclusionEpidermal keratinocyte–melanocyte cells suspension in combination with microneedling could be considered as an effective treatment of vitiligo.
Effect of diet change in healthy dogs with subclinical cardiac biomarker or echocardiographic abnormalities
Authors: Haimovitz Dana , Vereb Michelle , Freeman Lisa , Goldberg Robert , Lessard Darleen , Rush John , Adin Darcy 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundA recent study showed higher high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs‐cTnI) concentrations in healthy dogs eating grain‐free (GF) compared to those eating grain‐inclusive (GI) diets.Hypothesis/ObjectivesHealthy dogs with subclinical cardiac abnormalities eating GF diets at baseline will show improvements in cardiac biomarkers and echocardiographic variables after diet change, whereas healthy dogs eating GI diets at baseline will not improve.AnimalsTwenty healthy dogs with subclinical cardiac abnormalities (12 Golden Retrievers, 5 Doberman Pinschers, 3 Miniature Schnauzers).MethodsThis prospective study included dogs with increased hs‐cTnI or N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) concentrations, or echocardiographic abnormalities. Mixed modeling was used to evaluate echocardiographic, hs‐cTnI, and NT‐proBNP differences between groups (GF or GI diet at baseline) over time (1 y after diet change).ResultsTen GF and 10 GI dogs were evaluated. There were statistically significant time: group interactions for hs‐cTnI (P = .02) and normalized left ventricular internal systolic diameter (LVIDsN; P = .02), with GF dogs showing larger decreases in these variables than GI dogs. Median (range) hs‐cTnI (ng/mL) for GF dogs was 0.141 (0.012‐0.224) at baseline and 0.092 (0.044‐0.137) at 1 y, and for GI dogs was 0.051 (0.016‐0.195) at baseline and 0.060 (0.022‐0.280) at 1 y. Median LVIDsN for GF dogs was 1.01 (0.70‐1.30) at baseline and 0.87 (0.79‐1.24) at 1 y, and for GI dogs was 1.05 (0.84‐1.21) at baseline and 1.10 (0.85‐1.28) at 1 y.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDecreased hs‐cTnI and LVIDsN in GF dogs after diet change supports reversibility of these subclinical myocardial abnormalities.
Acute phase protein response and changes in lipoprotein particle size in dogs with systemic inflammatory response syndrome
Authors: Behling‐Kelly Erica , Haak Carol E. , Carney Patrick , Waffle Jessica , Eaton Kelly , Goggs Robert 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundImproved methodology to measure acute phase proteins and determination of lipoprotein particle‐size distribution (PSD) could be clinically useful in dogs with systemic inflammatory processes.ObjectivesEvaluate an immunoturbidometric assay for serum amyloid A (SAA) and lipoprotein PSD in dogs with sepsis, nonseptic systemic inflammation, and in healthy controls. Correlate dyslipidemic changes with SAA and C‐reactive protein (CRP) concentrations.AnimalsTwenty‐five dogs with sepsis, 15 dogs with nonseptic systemic inflammation, and 22 healthy controls.MethodsProspective, case‐control study. Variables included SAA, CRP, and electrophoretic subfractionation of high‐ and low‐density lipoproteins (HDL, LDL). Continuous variables were compared using ANOVA or Kruskal‐Wallis tests with linear regression or Spearman's rank correlation used to assess relationships between variables.ResultsMedian SAA and CRP concentrations were greater in dogs with sepsis (SAA 460 mg/L, interquartile range [IQR] 886 mg/L; CRP 133.2 mg/L, IQR 91.6 mg/L) and nonseptic inflammation (SAA 201 mg/L, IQR 436 mg/L; CRP 91.1 mg/L, IQR 88.6 mg/L) compared to healthy dogs (SAA 0.0 mg/L, IQR 0.0 mg/L; CRP 4.9 mg/L, IQR 0.0 mg/L) P < .0001. A cutoff of >677.5 mg/L SAA was 43.2% sensitive and 92.3% specific for sepsis. Low‐density lipoprotein was higher in dogs with sepsis 29.6%, (mean, SD 14.6) compared to 14.4% (mean, SD 5.6) of all lipoproteins in healthy controls (P = .005). High‐density lipoprotein was not associated with CRP but was negatively correlated with SAA (rs −0.47, P < .0001). Subfractions of LDL and HDL differed between groups (all P < .05).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceMeasurement of SAA using the immunoturbidometric assay evaluated in this study and lipoprotein PSD in dogs with inflammation might help distinguish septic from nonseptic causes of inflammation.
Successful control of Candida auris transmission in a German COVID‐19 intensive care unit
Authors: Hinrichs Carl , Wiese‐Posselt Miriam , Graf Barbara , Geffers Christine , Weikert Beate , Enghard Philipp , Aldejohann Alexander , Schrauder Annette , Knaust Andreas , Eckardt Kai‐Uwe , Gastmeier Petra , Kurzai Oliver 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundCandida auris a frequently multidrug‐resistant yeast species that poses a global health threat due to its high potential for hospital outbreaks. While C. auris has become endemic in parts of Asia and Africa, transmissions have so far rarely been reported in Western Europe except for Great Britain and Spain. We describe the first documented patient‐to‐patient transmission of C. auris in Germany in a COVID‐19 intensive care unit (ICU) and infection control measures implemented to prevent further spread of the pathogen.MethodsIdentification of C. auris was performed by MALDI‐TOF and confirmed by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing. Antifungal susceptibility testing was carried out. We conducted repeated cross‐sectional examinations for the presence of C. auris in the patients of the affected ICU and investigated possible routes of transmission.ResultsThe index patient had been transferred to Germany from a hospital in Northern Africa and was found to be colonised with C. auris. The contact patient developed C. auris sepsis. Infection prevention and control (IPC) measures included strict isolation of the two C. auris patients and regular screening of non‐affected patients. No further case occurred during the subsequent weeks. Reusable blades used in video laryngoscope‐guided intubation were considered as the most likely vehicle of transmission.ConclusionsIn view of its high risk of transmission, vigilance regarding C. auris colonisation in patients referred from endemic countries is crucial. Strict and immediate IPC measures may have the potential to prevent C. auris outbreaks.
Self‐efficacy and social support as mediators of mental health among abused women
Authors: Sapkota Diksha , Baird Kathleen , Anderson Debra , Saito Amornrat , Seib Charrlotte 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSupportive counseling and facilitated referrals to support organizations have shown positive effects on mental health and coping with domestic and family violence. However, the reasons why and how such effects are significant remain unknown. The current paper used data from a randomized controlled trial of a psychosocial intervention implemented in Nepal among 140 abused pregnant women. The hypothesized mediating effects of self‐efficacy and social support on mental health and quality of life of abused pregnant women were tested using serial mediation analyses. Significance of parameter estimates and bias‐corrected 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the indirect effects were generated using bootstrapping. The postintervention changes in self‐efficacy and social support were found to have significant mediating effects on the relationship between the intervention and changes in both mental health and quality of life of participants post intervention. The positive effects on outcomes were seen at follow‐up as well, though to a lesser extent. Further interventions should focus on enhancing abused women's self‐efficacy and social support to ensure their positive mental health and better lives.
Cortistatin attenuates titanium particle–induced osteolysis through regulation of TNFR1–ROS–caspase‐3 signaling in osteoblasts
Authors: Cao Jiankang , Ma Xiaojie , Liu Long , Zhang Gaorui , Wu Yawei , Fu Yu , Gong Ao , Yang Zhongbo , Zhao Yunpeng , Zhang Lei , Li Yuhua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAseptic loosening is a major complication of prosthetic joint surgery and is associated with impaired osteoblast homeostasis. Cortistatin (CST) is a neuropeptide that protects against inflammatory conditions. In this study, we found that expression of CST was diminished in patients with prosthetic joint loosening and in titanium (Ti) particle–induced animal models. A Ti particle–induced calvarial osteolysis model was established in wild‐type and CST gene knockout mice; CST deficiency enhanced, while exogenously added CST attenuated, the severity of Ti particle–mediated osteolysis. CST protected against inflammation as well as apoptosis and maintained the osteogenic function of MC3T3‐E1 osteoblasts upon stimulation with Ti particles. Furthermore, CST antagonized reactive oxygen species production and suppressed caspase‐3–associated apoptosis mediated by Ti particles in osteoblasts. Additionally, CST protects against Ti particle–induced osteolysis through tumor necrosis factor receptor 1. Taken together, CST might provide a therapeutic strategy for wear debris–induced inflammatory osteolysis.
Biomechanical asymmetries differ between autograft types during unplanned change of direction after ACL reconstruction
Authors: Miles Joshua J. , McGuigan Polly M. , King Enda , Daniels Katherine A. J. 
Published: April 2022

Nine months after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, athletes who undergo surgery using a bone‐patellar‐tendon‐bone (BPTB) autograft demonstrate higher loading asymmetries during vertical jumping than those with a hamstring tendon (HT) autograft. These asymmetries may transfer into sporting movements with a greater ACL injury risk. The aim of this study was to compare between‐limb asymmetries in knee mechanics and task performance during an unplanned 90° change‐of‐direction (CoD) task in male field sport athletes reconstructed with BPTB or HT autografts. Seventy‐eight male multidirectional field sport athletes with either a BPTB (n = 39) or HT (n = 39) autograft completed maximal unplanned CoD trials in a three‐dimensional motion capture laboratory at approximately 9 months post‐surgery. A mixed‐model 2x2 ANOVA (autograft type x limb) was used to compare variables related to ACL injury risk (e.g., internal knee moments) and performance (e.g., completion time) between autografts and limbs. Statistical parametric mapping was used for a waveform comparison throughout stance, supplemented with a discrete point analyses of peak knee moments and performance variables. Interaction effects were found at the knee joint, with BPTB demonstrating greater asymmetries than HT in knee extension moment (p < 0.001); resultant ground reaction force (p < 0.001); peak knee external rotation moment (p = 0.04); and knee adduction (p = 0.05), medial rotation (p < 0.001), and flexion (p < 0.001) angles. No differences were found between autografts for any performance variable. BPTB demonstrated greater lower‐limb biomechanical asymmetries than HT during CoD, which may influence knee loading and longer‐term outcomes and should thus be targeted during rehabilitation prior to return to play.
Understanding advantaged groups' opposition to diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) policies: The role of perceived threat
Authors: Iyer Aarti 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo combat social inequality, organizations develop and implement initiatives that seek to improve the status of disadvantaged groups (e.g., women, racial/ethnic minority groups). Such diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) policies are controversial, because people disagree about whether they are necessary and what their (positive and negative) consequences may be. Opposition can be particularly fierce from people who belong to advantaged groups that benefit from the status quo (e.g., men, racial/ethnic majority groups). Given the power wielded by advantaged groups, their opposition can undermine the successful implementation of DEI policies, thus resulting in continued inequality, wasted resources, and potential for tension in the organization. In this paper, I draw on theory and research to consider three types of threat that can explain advantaged groups' opposition to DEI policies: (1) resource threat, or concern about losing access to outcomes and opportunities; (2) symbolic threat, or concern about the introduction of new values, culture, and expectations; and (3) ingroup morality threat, or concern about their group's role in perpetuating inequality. I review strategies identified by the literature to mitigate these threats, and discuss their potential negative consequences. The final section takes stock of the literature and considers directions for future research.
A Continuum Over Tube With Variable Stiffness for Transrectal NOTES
Authors: Li Jinhua , Zhang Lan , Xing Yuan , Liu Rui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe continuum over tube applied to natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) should be flexible during insertion and provide sufficient stiffness upon arrival at the lesion. In order to satisfy these two properties, a variable stiffness continuum over tube was proposed. The over tube realizes stiffness variation through the heating and cooling of filling materials. Polyethylene glycol, cocoa butter, and gallium metal are selected as filling materials. Several experiments were designed to test its rigid and response characteristic, and suitable material was selected. The risk management test was carried out, and the frequency and risk level of the risk point were recorded. According to experimental data, the polyethylene glycol and gallium show better variable stiffness performance, with the 20 times stiffness variation range, and polyethylene glycol was selected as suitable materials for its low cost and nontoxic characteristic. The average heating time and cooling time of polyethylene glycol-filled over tube are 52.3 s and 36 s, respectively. Moreover, three kinds of high-frequency risk points including smoke, thread ejection, and uneven distribution of the material were found, and corresponding design improvement and use principle are proposed. The proposed continuum over tube can satisfy the requirement of colorectal NOTES for flexibility and stiffness of instruments, and the safety of the instrument can be improved by controlling high-frequency risk points with relevant methods.
Heat Transfer Past a Rotationally Oscillating Circular Cylinder in Linear Shear Flow
Authors: Kumar Atendra , Ray Rajendra K. , Mittal H. V. R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study investigates the unsteady, two-dimensional flow and heat transfer past a rotationally oscillating circular cylinder in linear shear flow. A higher order compact (HOC) finite difference scheme is used to solve the governing Navier–Stokes equations coupled with the energy equation on a nonuniform grid in polar coordinates. The hydrodynamic and thermal features of the flow are mainly influenced by the shear rate (K), Reynolds number (Re), Prandtl number (Pr), and the cylinder oscillation parameters, i.e., oscillation amplitude (αm), the frequency ratio (fr). The simulations are performed for Re=100,Pr=0.5−1.0, 0.0≤K≤0.15, and 0.5≤αm≤2.0. The numerical scheme is validated with the existing literature studies. Partial and full vortex suppression is observed for certain values of shear parameter K. The connection between heat transfer and vortex shedding phenomenon is examined where a pronounced increase in the heat transfer is observed for certain values of oscillation parameter, relative to the nonshear flow case.
Apparent preservation of primary foraminiferal Mg/Ca ratios and Mg-banding in recrystallized foraminifera
Authors: Staudigel Philip T. , John Eleanor H. , Buse Ben , Pearson Paul N. , Lear Caroline H. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Trace element and δ18O values of foraminifera are widely used to reconstruct oceanic temperatures throughout the Cenozoic and beyond. Previous work evaluating the geochemistry of foraminifera with differing degrees of physical preservation have shown that Mg/Ca and δ18O paleothermometers give discrepant values in recrystallized tests, with planktonic oxygen isotopes often yielding significantly lower temperatures than Mg/Ca ratios. To study the mobility of elements during diagenesis, we performed microspatial trace element analyses in Eocene Morozovella. Element maps show that trace element banding is readily identifiable and preserved, to an extent, in texturally recrystallized tests. A reaction-diffusion model was used to test whether the preservation of Mg-banding and the decoupling of δ18O and Mg/Ca values could be the result of diffusively limited “closed-system” recrystallization. Results show that, in a closed system, internal features (such as Mg-banding) will dissipate prior to changes in bulk Mg/Ca composition, while the bulk δ18O value will typically change faster than Mg/Ca. This is observed regardless of what partitioning coefficient is used for Mg and demonstrates that the planktonic Mg/Ca proxy is more diagenetically robust than the δ18O proxy. Thus, this model can explain the observed decoupling of these two proxies. Furthermore, the preservation of intra-test Mg-banding shows potential for use in evaluating the preservation of primary Mg/Ca values and hence the accuracy of paleotemperature reconstructions.
Antagonistic effect of copper and zinc in fertilization of spring wheat under low soil phosphorus conditions
Authors: Rahman Noabur , Peak Derek , Schoenau Jeff 
Published: April 2022

Sound micronutrient management requires an understanding of nutrient interactions and transformation processes in soil–plant systems which can regulate bioavailability and plant uptake. A series of studies were conducted under controlled environment and field conditions to evaluate wheat response to Cu and Zn fertilization on P-deficient soils from western Canada. The grain and straw yields of wheat were reduced in two (Waskada and Tisdale) of three soils used in the controlled environment study, while yield was not affected at the Echo field site in 2016 when both Cu and Zn sulfate fertilizer were applied at 5 kg·ha–1 rates. Zinc concentration in soil and plant tissues was increased to apparent toxic levels with fertilizer addition in Waskada soils. An imbalance in tissue P:Zn concentration related to micronutrient fertilization was observed in Waskada and Tisdale soils. The availability of Cu and Zn in post-harvest soils was increased with increasing rate of these fertilizers' addition. Chemical and spectroscopic speciation using sequential extraction and X-ray absorption near edge structure, respectively, revealed that Cu and Zn were mostly speciated as carbonate phases, and complexation of these elements with carbonate and phyllosilicate minerals is likely the process controlling bioavailability in the soils.