bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Some Fungal and Bacterial Organisms on the Growth of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) Seedlings
Authors: Ogbuji N. G. , Isalar O. F. 
Published: March 2022

Aims: Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] is a legume widely consumed in Africa. The effect of eight organisms viz: Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus niger, Botryodiplodia theobromae, Rhizopus stolonifer, Pseudomonas sp., Corynebacterium sp., Micrococcus sp. and Xanthomonas sp. on the growth of Vigna unguiculata seedlings was determined.
Methodology: Spore suspension of each fungal organism was prepared from pure cultures grown on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) plates and the bacteria used were obtained from slants. Fungal spores were standardized with the help of a haemocytometer slide and gelatine (0.1%) was used as a sticker. Using serial dilution method, 0.1ml of each of the isolated bacteria was collected from the 10-3 dilution and sprayed on the young seedlings using the run-off method. The cowpea seedlings were separately inoculated with each organism at the three leaf stage, three weeks after planting. Seedlings were artificially inoculated by spraying the adaxial surface of the leaves until water-soaked spots were obtained. The experiment was allowed to stand for 2 months and the leaf number, root length, shoot length and total seedling height of the cowpea seedlings were determined.
Results: Symptoms observed on seedlings were: stunted growth, drying of leaves, few fibrous roots, yellowing of leaves, wilting, necrotic lesions, leaf spot, darkening of leaf veins and blight. Most of the test organisms were pathogenic to V. unguiculata causing varying degrees of damage. Fusarium oxysporum caused the most deterioration on cowpea seedlings when compared to the other treatments.
Conclusion: This study has demonstrated the ability of culture filtrates of pathogenic micro-organisms to express symptoms in seedlings and transmit diseases to healthy seedlings.
Distribuição espacial de dengue, chikungunya e Zika e os determinantes socioeconômicos em um município da Bahia
Authors: Lima Maria Aparecida Oliveira , Cerqueira Hélvia Maia de Lima , Almeida Igor Ferreira Borba de , De Lima Maricelia Maia , De Cerqueira Erenilde Marques , Alcantara Luiz Carlos Júnior 
Published: March 2022

Introdução: desde 1996, o município de Feira de Santana, na Bahia, apresenta sucessivas epidemias de dengue, sendo as mais importantes, do ponto de vista de incidência da doença, as relatadas em 2002 e 2009, com elevados números de casos registrados, hospitalizações e óbitos. Em 2015, houve destaque no registro de casos das três arboviroses, sendo que além da dengue, observa-se a introdução da chikungunya em 2014 e da Zika em 2015. O índice alto de infestação do Aedes aegypti nas áreas urbana e rural do município pode ter contribuído para a dispersão do vírus. Objetivo: analisar a distribuição espacial da incidência das três arboviroses nas áreas urbana (bairros) e rural (distritos) do município do estudo e avaliar a relação entre os casos das arboviroses e os determinantes socioeconômicos. Metodologia: estudo descritivo realizado em Feira de Santana, no período de 2009 a 2017. Os dados foram distribuídos com auxílio do QGIS por bairros e distritos, apresentados em mapas temáticos. Utilizou-se o programa estatístico Stata versão 14 para análise de dados. Resultados: o estudo mostrou que os bairros localizados na periferia do município e os distritos apresentaram as maiores incidências e as piores condições socioeconômicas, além da co-circulação das três arboviroses na mesma área geográfica e no mesmo período. Conclusão: faz-se necessário ter uma rede de diagnóstico e de vigilância epidemiológica e entomológica consolidada a fim de melhorar o controle destas arboviroses e aprimorar a assistência à saúde.
Tracking cortical excitability dynamics with transcranial magnetic stimulation in focal epilepsy
Authors: Helling Robert M. , Shmuely Sharon , Bauer Prisca R. , Tolner Else A. , Visser Gerhard H. , Thijs Roland D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe lack of reliable biomarkers constrain epilepsy management. We assessed the potential of repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation with electromyography (TMS‐EMG) to track dynamical changes in cortical excitability on a within‐subject basis.MethodsWe recruited people with refractory focal epilepsy who underwent video‐EEG monitoring and drug tapering as part of the presurgical evaluation. We performed daily TMS‐EMG measurements with additional postictal assessments 1–6 h following seizures to assess resting motor threshold (rMT), and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) with single‐ and paired‐pulse protocols. Anti‐seizure medication (ASM) regimens were recorded for the day before each measurement and expressed in proportion to the dosage before tapering. Additional measurements were performed in healthy controls to evaluate day‐to‐day rMT variability.ResultsWe performed 77 (58 baseline, 19 postictal) measurements in 16 people with focal epilepsy and 35 in seven healthy controls. Controls showed minimal day‐to‐day rMT variation. Withdrawal of ASMs was associated with a lower rMT without affecting MEPs of single‐ and paired‐pulse TMS‐EMG paradigms. Postictal measurements following focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures demonstrated unaltered rMT and increased short interval intracortical inhibition, while measurements following focal seizures with impaired awareness showed decreased rMT's and reduced short and long interval intracortical inhibition.ConclusionSerial within‐subject rMT measurements yielded reproducible, stable results in healthy controls. ASM tapering and seizures had distinct effects on TMS‐EMG excitability indices in people with epilepsy. Drug tapering decreased rMT, indicating increased overall corticospinal excitability, whereas seizures affected intracortical inhibition with contrasting effects between seizure types.
Optimally‐Tailored Spinodal Architected Materials for Multiscale Design and Manufacturing
Authors: Senhora Fernando V. , Sanders Emily D. , Paulino Glaucio H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSpinodal architected materials with tunable anisotropy unify optimal design and manufacturing of multiscale structures. By locally varying the spinodal class, orientation, and porosity during topology optimization, a large portion of the anisotropic material space is exploited such that material is efficiently placed along principal stress trajectories at the microscale. Additionally, the bicontinuous, nonperiodic, unstructured, and stochastic nature of spinodal architected materials promotes mechanical and biological functions not explicitly considered during optimization (e.g., insensitivity to imperfections, fluid transport conduits). Furthermore, in contrast to laminated composites or periodic, structured architected materials (e.g., lattices), the functional representation of spinodal architected materials leads to multiscale, optimized designs with clear physical interpretation that can be manufactured directly, without special treatment at spinodal transitions. Physical models of the optimized, spinodal‐embedded parts are manufactured using a scalable, voxel‐based strategy to communicate with a masked stereolithography (m‐SLA) 3D printer.
Sharp Tuning of Head Direction and Angular Head Velocity Cells in the Somatosensory Cortex
Authors: Long Xiaoyang , Deng Bin , Young Calvin K. , Liu Guo‐Long , Zhong Zeqi , Chen Qian , Yang Hui , Lv Sheng‐Qing , Chen Zhe Sage , Zhang Sheng‐Jia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHead direction (HD) cells form a fundamental component in the brain's spatial navigation system and are intricately linked to spatial memory and cognition. Although HD cells have been shown to act as an internal neuronal compass in various cortical and subcortical regions, the neural substrate of HD cells is incompletely understood. It is reported that HD cells in the somatosensory cortex comprise regular‐spiking (RS, putative excitatory) and fast‐spiking (FS, putative inhibitory) neurons. Surprisingly, somatosensory FS HD cells fire in bursts and display much sharper head‐directionality than RS HD cells. These FS HD cells are nonconjunctive, rarely theta rhythmic, sparsely connected and enriched in layer 5. Moreover, sharply tuned FS HD cells, in contrast with RS HD cells, maintain stable tuning in darkness; FS HD cells’ coexistence with RS HD cells and angular head velocity (AHV) cells in a layer‐specific fashion through the somatosensory cortex presents a previously unreported configuration of spatial representation in the neocortex. Together, these findings challenge the notion that FS interneurons are weakly tuned to sensory stimuli, and offer a local circuit organization relevant to the generation and transmission of HD signaling in the brain.
Imaging Ferroelectrics: Reinterpreting Charge Gradient Microscopy as Potential Gradient Microscopy
Authors: Maguire Jesi R. , Waseem Hamza , McQuaid Raymond G. P. , Kumar Amit , Gregg J. Marty , Cochard Charlotte 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCharge gradient microscopy (CGM) is a scanning probe imaging mode, particularly well‐suited for the characterization of ferroelectrics. The implementation of the technique is straightforward; it involves monitoring currents that spontaneously develop between a passive conducting atomic force microscopy tip and Earth, as the tip is scanned across the specimen surface. However, details on the fundamental origin of contrast and what images mean, in terms of associated ferroelectric microstructures, are not yet fully understood. Here, by comparing information from CGM and Kelvin probe force microscopy, obtained from the same sets of ferroelectric domains (in both lithium niobate and barium titanate), it is shown that CGM reasonably reflects the spatial derivative of the measured surface potential. This is conceptually different from measuring local gradients in the surface bound‐charge density or in any associated screening charges: after all, clear CGM signals are seen, even when polarization is entirely in‐plane (where the bound charge density is uniformly zero, but gradients in surface potential are still fully expected). It is therefore suggested that CGM in ferroelectrics may be more accurately called potential gradient microscopy.
Synthesis of inherently helical nanofibers: Effects of solidification of electrified jet during electrospinning
Authors: Yoon Jihyun , Myung Jun Ho , Kim Yong‐Min , Jeon Seung‐Yeol , Sun Jeong‐Yun , Yu Woong‐Ryeol 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a helical fiber was fabricated through electrospinning by increasing the vapor pressure of the solvent, increasing the conductivity of the polymer solution and forming an uneven electrical field distribution around the jet. Fiber morphology during electrospinning of a dielectric polymer solution was observed to dramatically change from straight to helical due to rapid solidification of the jet as vapor pressure of the solvent increased. A similar effect was observed with conductive solutions prepared by adding large amounts of metal ion to the polymer solution. The addition of metal ion induced strong electrical stresses, causing the electrified jet to rapidly solidify in the early stage of electrospinning. Simulations revealed that the jet near the nozzle tip was subject to a strong electrical field due to increased charge density. The thickness of the emerging fiber was rapidly reduced with fast and simultaneous solidification, resulting in helical nanofibers. In addition, by using the asymmetric spinnerets, an uneven electric field distribution around jet was generated, maximizing the fiber curvature and increasing the helical fiber ratio.
Recent weakening linkage between Arctic oscillation and Aleutian low during boreal winter and its impact on surface temperature over Eastern Eurasia
Authors: Hwang Seung‐On , Yeh Sang‐Wook , Oh Sae‐Yoon , Lee Johan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe investigated interdecadal relationship changes between the Arctic oscillation (AO) and Aleutian low (AL) for the period 1980–2021 along with the linkage on surface air temperature (SAT) over Eastern Eurasia during the boreal winter (December–January–February). The AO–AL relationship has weakened since the mid‐1990s. To explore a possible explanation, we compared atmospheric fields for two contrasting periods, one when the AO–AL relationship is the strongest (1986–2006) and one when it is the weakest (2000–2020). In both periods, atmospheric circulation over the Arctic region for the two AO–AL in‐phase relationships (i.e., either +AO/+AL or –AO/−AL) evolves with negative AO‐like patterns, contributing to a weakening AO–AL relationship in concurrent with a cool SAT in Eastern Eurasia. We found that the correlation between AL and SAT over Eastern Eurasia decreases, while the AO and SAT correlation remains unchanged. This implies that low‐frequency atmospheric circulation changes such as those of the AO and AL should be considered when studying SAT changes in Eastern Eurasia.
Disparities in drinking water compliance: Implications for incorporating equity into regulatory practices
Authors: Allaire Maura , Acquah Sarah 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDisparities in drinking water quality pose harm to public health across the United States. Yet, few studies have systematically analyzed disproportionate exposure to impaired drinking water. This study sheds light on disparities in health‐based drinking water violations and the shortcomings of regulatory assessment that only considers equity in terms of variation in compliance across system size. We examine the relationship between health‐based violations, utility size, and socioeconomic factors, using probit regression and a balanced panel dataset of 1693 community water systems in California from 2000 to 2018. Demographics of water systems are developed using areal weighting. We find evidence of water equity concerns. Violation rates are several times higher at systems serving low‐income areas and communities of color. These disparities are present even in models stratified by size of service population. Our findings highlight that equity in environmental regulation could be improved by considering factors beyond system scale.
Springer Quartier Hamburg – Tragwerk und Baugrube – Aspekte aus der Planungspraxis
Authors: Schadow Thomas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAuf dem früheren Gelände des Axel Springer Verlags in der Innenstadt von Hamburg wurde ein Neubaukomplex errichtet sowie das denkmalgeschützte ehemalige Verlagshochhaus instand gesetzt und modernisiert. In diesem Bericht werden die statisch‐konstruktiven Herausforderungen der Tragwerksplanung im Bestand sowie beim Neubau erläutert. Darüber hinaus werden technische Aspekte der Baugrube für drei Untergeschosse des Neubaus und des Abbruchs der Bestandsgebäude beschrieben.
Der Carbonbeton und die Architektur
Authors: Henn Gunter 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCarbonbeton ist nicht nur der neue Beton ohne Nebenwirkungen, er kann auch der Architektur neue Flügel verleihen. Wand und Dach des CUBE‐Pavillons in Dresden sind kontinuierlich aus einem Stück gestaltet. Das verleiht dem Gebäude eine besondere Eleganz und neue Ästhetik.
Development and external validation of a nomogram for individualized adjuvant imatinib duration for high‐risk gastrointestinal stromal tumors: A multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Ruolin , Wu Yingxin , Gong Jin , Zhao Rui , Li Li , Wan Qianyi , Lian Nan , Shen Xiaoding , Xia Lin , Shen Yuhou , Xiao Haitao , Wu Xiaoting , Chen Yi , Cen Ying , Xu Xuewen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe main emphasis of the research about adjuvant imatinib for high‐risk gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) is prolonging the treatment duration and ignores the heterogeneous that 10‐year recurrence rates ranged from about 20%–100%. Thus, this study evaluated the effect of different durations of adjuvant imatinib on outcomes in high‐risk GISTs to explore the feasibility of individual treatment.MethodsWe analyzed 855 high‐risk GIST patients from three centers who underwent macroscopically complete resection between December 2007 and September 2020. The patients were divided into training (n =564) and two validation cohorts (n = 238 and53) based on their source. Recurrence‐free survival (RFS) was the primary point. Cox multivariate analysis was used to develop the nomogram. C‐index, time‐dependent area under the curves, and calibration plots were used to assess the performance of the nomogram.ResultsUnivariate analysis showed that longer adjuvant imatinib was significantly associated with better 5‐year RFS (p < 0.0001). Further investigation identified that the same high‐risk patients with lower tumor‐associated recurrence risk benefitted little from prolonged treatment and that the recommended adjuvant imatinib duration was insufficient for those with higher recurrence risk. A nomogram for predicting 2‐, 3‐, and 5‐year RFS based on different treatment durations and four major risk factors, namely, tumor site, size, mitotic count, and rupture status, was built and validated, with a C‐index of 0.82, 0.74, and 0.70 in training and two external validation cohorts, respectively. An online dynamic nomogram was further developed for clinical applications (https://ruolinliu666.shinyapps.io/GIST/), offering predictive recurrence rates based on different treatment durations and tumor features.ConclusionsWe developed a nomogram to predict the recurrence risk for high‐risk patients according to tumor features and treatment durations of imatinib to help physicians on decision‐making for individualized treatment duration.
Central diabetes insipidus after total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo‐oophrectomy: A case report
Authors: Maharaj Aarti , Jana Kundan , Boodhai Brent , Janga Kalyana C. , Fein Elie , Greenberg Sheldon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPostoperative polyuria due to diabetes insipidus (DI) is commonly reported complication of pituitary surgery. However, central DI postabdominal surgery is rare and related to unmasking of pre‐existing DI or prolonged surgery with significant intraoperative blood loss. A thorough workup needs to be performed to exclude central DI in such patients.
Neomodified Koyanagi technique for severe hypospadias with one‐stage sealed Y‐shaped penis foreskin vascular protection surgery
Authors: Zu Jiancheng , Chen Yifu , Liu Yu , He Tianqu , Wang Yanling , Zu Yuee , Peng Xiangwen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractProximal hypospadias defects represent the most challenging aspect of maintaining blood supply to the flap, which eventually leads to a high rate of complications. We modified a sealed Y‐shaped penis foreskin vascular protection technique, which can repair the urethra in a single stage. The inner plate of the foreskin was cut along the coronal sulcus, and both sides of the urethral plate were cut as deep as Buck's fascia. The "Y"‐shaped foreskin flaps on both sides of the mouth that are continuous with the urethral plate were sutured to form a new urethral skin tube. The urethral skin tube was turned to the ventral side, and the foreskin was reshaped and sutured. A total of 89 children had their urinary catheters removed 4 weeks after the operation. All children were evaluated at least once a year for 3 consecutive years. There were 11 patients with urine leakage that occurred after the operation. These children, diagnosed with urine leakage, underwent successful repair after the leakage occurred. There were no urethral strictures after the operation. The one‐time success rate of this operation was 87.6% (78/89), and the incidence of urethral fistula was 12.6% (11/89). The results showed that sealed Y‐shaped penis foreskin vascular protection surgery was safer and had a higher operation rate than the traditional hypospadias repair technique. Modifying Koyanagi repair by our improved Koyanagi hypospadias repair is an excellent technique with relatively low complication rates.
Delayed presentation of cannabis induced pancreatitis
Authors: Song David , Geetha Harinivaas Shanmugavel , Jain Samkit , Reyes Jonathan Vincent , Jaiswal Vikash , Nepal Gaurav , Lieber Joseph 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA thorough history and identifying risk factors are pivotal in establishing the cause of pancreatitis and preventing recurrences to curb the incidence of chronic pancreatitis and/or pancreatic cancer.
Subgroup analysis for functional partial linear regression model
Authors: Ma Haiqiang , Liu Chao , Xu Sheng , Yang Jin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn a functional partial linear regression (FPLR) model, where the response variable is scalar while the explanatory variables involve both infinite‐dimensional functional predictors and finite‐dimensional scalar covariates, the relationships between the response and the explanatory variables are often assumed to be the same for all subjects. This article relaxes this assumption and considers a subgroup analysis for the FPLR model, which allows the intercepts to vary for different subgroups from a heterogeneous population. By projecting the functional predictors onto the corresponding eigenspace, the subgroup analysis based on the FPLR model can be simplified to a framework that is similar to the classical subgroup analysis problem. To automatically identify subgroups among observations and estimate the regression parameters of interest, we combine the functional principal component analysis with the concave pairwise penalized approach and develop an ADMM algorithm for functional subgroup analysis. We also establish the consistency of the proposed estimators under mild conditions. Simulation experiments demonstrate that the concave penalized subgroup approach could potentially achieve substantial gains over the ordinary FPLR model. The analysis of data from a creative achievement study is used to illustrate the practical performance of the subgroup analysis for the FPLR model.
An investigation of whether emotion regulation mediates the relationship between attachment insecurity and suicidal ideation and behaviour
Authors: Turton Holly , Berry Katherine , Danquah Adam , Green Jessica , Pratt Daniel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this research was to examine relationships between attachment insecurity and suicidal ideation and behaviour. Secondary aims were to explore the mediating role of emotion dysregulation and the moderating role of betrayal trauma in explaining hypothesised relationships.MethodSixty‐five participants with experience of suicidal ideation completed questionnaire measures assessing attachment security, suicide ideation, emotion regulation, betrayal trauma, depressive symptoms and hopelessness.ResultsA direct relationship was found between avoidant attachment and suicide ideation after controlling for age and gender. Multiple suicide attempters had higher anxious attachment. Anxious and avoidant attachment, suicide ideation and betrayal trauma were associated with emotion dysregulation. The relationship between attachment insecurity and suicide ideation was not mediated by emotion dysregulation. In the mediation model, only anxious attachment remained a significant predictor of emotion regulation and there was no significant effect of emotion regulation nor betrayal trauma, on suicide ideation.ConclusionSuicidal individuals may benefit from therapeutic intervention that explores attachment‐related difficulties and therapies such as dialectical behavioural therapy, which support skills in emotional regulation. Future longitudinal research should identify other important mediators of the association between attachment and suicidality to develop more targeted psychological interventions for suicidality.