bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pear, Pear Psylla Control, 1979
Authors: Burts Everett 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fifteen-yr-old Barlett pear trees were sprayed with handguns operating at 600 psi to evaluate candidate pesticides for control of pear psylla. Plots consisted of five 2-tree replications in randomized block design. Each plot was sprayed on May 1 and Jun 29. Treatments were evaluated by counts of adults and nymphs before the first treatment and at intervals through the duration of the test. Adults were counted by taking 5 beating tray samples/replicate. Nymphs were counted on 5 spurs through Jun 4 and on 5 terminals thereafter from each replicate. Fruit quality was evaluaated on the BAAM and check plots by measuring firmness, soluble solids and titratable acid of 10 fruits/replicate on Aug 8 and 13.
Pear, Mite Control, 1979
Authors: Burts Everett 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Handgun sprays were applied to 10-yr-old Bartlett and d'Anjou pear trees to evaluate candidate acaricides and to check for phytotoxicity. Plots consisted of two 10-tree replicates, one of each variety. Mites were counted from 50-leaf samples from each replicate using the standard leaf brushing technique.
Pear, Evaluation of Several Experimental Insecticid Es in Seasonal Control Programs, 1979
Authors: Riedle Helmut , Hoying S. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tests were carried out in a 2.2-acre pear block at the University of California Deciduous Fruit Field Station in San Jose, California, to compare spray programs with synthetic pyrethroids and an insect growth regulator to standard chemicals and assess their effect on target and nontarget arthropods. Five treatments (including the check) each consisting of three 64-tree (8 × 8) replicates were arranged in a completely randomized design. Three of the 5 treatments were later split to accommodate additional variations in spray programs. Each program consisted of a delayed dormant application followed by a cluster bud spray (oil treatments only) and 2 or 3 cover sprays. Sprays were applied until run-off with a hydraulic handgun sprayer operating at 300 psi. Leaf samples (300/treatment) were taken at ca. 2-wk intervals to record pear psylla eggs and nymphs, spider mites, and phytoseiid predators. Leaves were brushed for rust mites. The limb-tap method was used to assess populations of adult pear psylla and macropredators (60 trays/treatment). Fruit was inspected for codling moth damage at midseason and at harvest (300/treatment) and was rated for russet (75/treatment, at harvest only).
Control of Green Peach Aphid, 1979
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Smith L. O . 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A peach orchard at Smith Tract, Orondo, Washington, was selected for this test. The orchard was a mixture of early and late maturing peach varieties. Three separate plots were used in the same orchard for three different insecticide timing tests. Four single tree replicates were used in a randomized block design for each treatment. The timings were bud break on Apr 4 (Table 1), pink on Apr 11 (Table 2) and post-bloom on May 17 (Table 3). All plots were sprayed to the point of drip (400 to 500 gal per A) with handguns at 400 to 500 psi. Five terminals were collected at random from each tree. Early season counts were made by examining individual terminals under a binocular microscope. The last count was made by placing all terminals from a tree in a Berlese funnel with an overhead light source to force the aphids down. Aphids were collected in vials filled with 95% alcohol at the bottom of funnels. Alcohol was filtered through filter paper and allowed to dry. The aphids were counted on the filter paper under a binocular microscope. See tables for the dates different sample methods were used.
Citrus Rust Mite Control, 1979
Authors: Victor French J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental acaricides LY 131117, LY 127063, and LY 131215 were compared to Dimilin in a randomized experiment on 5-year-old grapefruit trees (24 × 24 ft spacing). Each treatment was replicated 4 times on single-tree plots by hand gun of a John Bean Model 1010- MTBT sprayer at 225 psi, ca. 10 gal/tree. Treatments were made on May 15 and reapplied on Jul 12, with citrus rust mite (CRM) counts at 3-4 week intervals postspray. Twenty-five fruit were randomly selected in each tree (100/treatment) and CRM were counted on top, median, and bottom of each fruit using a 10X handlens with a 1-cm2 grid.
Citrus Rust Mite Control, 1979
Authors: Bullock Robert G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tank mixes of Mitac, foliar nutritionals and an 0.75% oil emulsion were evaluated as dilute sprays vs. citrus rust mite in a block of single-bedded 'Hamlin' orange trees planted on a 15 × 25 ft spacing. The nutritional spray contained zinc, copper, boron, and manganese (ZnCuBMn). The 2-tree plots were separated from adjacent plots by unsprayed guard rows. Applications were made on Jun 27 with a John Bean Royalier JK-20T hydraulic sprayer operated at 200 psi and equipped with a double Boyce gun. Approximately 5 gals of spray were needed to spray each tree to 'run-off'. At the indicated pre- and post-treatment intervals, population density on fruit was determined by recording the total number of live rust mites seen in the 1.2 cm2 field of a 10X hand lens at 2 sites on each of 15 fruit selected while the examiner circled each target tree. Fruit injury was determined with the aid of a 2 ft2 frame positioned at a height of 6 ft on the perimeter of the tree canopy. All fruit within the square was examined for peel russet. For each treatment, a frame count was made in each quadrant of 16 trees.
Citrus Rust Mite Control, 1979
Authors: Selhime A. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Several acaricides were tested for efficacy against citrus rust mite. Treatments were applied Jun 19 as dilute full-coverage sprays using a truck-mounted hydraulic sprayer and handgun with 450 psi at the pump, to 3-year-old nonbearing navel orange trees in 4 tree plots (replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design). Twenty leaf samples/rep were examined by using four 10X binocular microscope fields/leaf (2 upper and 2 lower leaf surface), all living adult citrus rust mites in these areas were counted. Citrus rust mites averaged 35.5 mites/rep pretreatment. Rainfall totalled 25.07 inches during the test.
Pecan, Hickory Shuckworm Management, 1979
Authors: Harris Marvin K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test blocks were established in an Improved 27 year old pecan orchard on a 35 × 35 ft spacing near College Station, TX in Burleson Co. in July 1979. Each block consisted of 6 trees in the row with adjacent rows untreated. Pretreatment monitoring of pecan nut development was used to time treatments which were initiated when shell hardening began on Aug 21 and a 2nd treatment was applied on Sept 4. Evaluations were made on Oct 30 by harvesting 50 nuts from each of the 4 middle trees in each block and examining the shucks for hickory shuckworm. All chemicals were applied with a 500 gallon capacity speed sprayer as a dilute solution sprayed on the foliage to the point of runoff. No phytotoxicity to foliage or nurs was observed from any treatment. Phosalone was the treatment standard.
Pecan, Pecan Nut Casebearer Management, 1979
Authors: Harris Marvin K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test blocks were established in an improved 27 year old pecan orchard on a 35 × 35 ft spacing near College Station, TX, in Burleson, Co. in Apr. Each block consisted of 4 trees in the row. Pretreatment monitoring of pecan nut development, weather and oviposition were used to time treatment application. Treatments were applied on May 15 after a few eggs had been found by treating each 4 tree block and leaving the adjacent rows untreated. Evaluations were made on Jun 8 by examining 50 nut clusters on each of the 2 middle trees in each block for damage to pecan nuts by the pecan nut cosebearer. All chemicals were applied with a 500 gallon capacity speed sprayer as a dilute solution sprayed on the foliage to the point of runoff. No phytotoxiciry to foliage or nuts was observed from any treatment. Phosalone was the treatment standard.
Pecan, Pecan Weevil Management, 1979
Authors: Harris Marvin K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test blocks were established in a mature bearing native pecan grove at Hidden Valley Farms near Hamilton, TX in Hamilton Co. in Jul. Each block consisted of at least 10 trees covering a minimum of 2 acres. Pretreatment monitoring of pecan nut development and pecan weevil emergence from the soil were used to initiate the first application on Aug 23 when adult pecan weevil emergence was underway and the liquid endosperm of the nut kernel was observed to thicken. A 2nd treatment was made on Sept 3 and a 3rd on Sept 12. Evaluations were mode on Oct 18 by examining 300 nuts with shucks.intact from each treatment from a minimum of 4 trees within each treatment for immature stages of pecan weevil in the kernels and hickory shuckworm damage in the shucks. All chemicals were applied with a 500 gallon capacity speed sprayer as a dilute solution sprayed on the foliage to the point of runoff. No phytotoxicity to foliage or nuts was observed from any treatment. Carbaryl was the treatment standard.
Two Spotted Spidermite Control Test on Bean, 1978
Authors: Neal John W. , Drake Gale E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Paired plants about 8 in. high, greenhouse grown in 4 - in. pots with perlite medium, were trimmed to 2 leaves/plant. Plants were secured in an upright position with plastic ties to bamboo rods inserted in the rooting medium. Each leaf was infested by attaching a section of leaf with a pin from an infested plant removed from a long established mite colony (N. H. Wright Co., Cranbury, NJ 1948). A small amount of lanolin was applied as a collar to each leaf petiole to restrict mite migration. Pinned leaf sections were removed after 24 hours. Formulated chemicals were prepared with water and applied to run-off with a Hudson Climax pneumatic hand-held sprayer. Each treatment was applied to 8 plants or 16 leaves in 3 separate tests. In each test 8 check plants were sprayed with water from a sprayer with no history of chemical use. Leaves were removed within 4 to 8 days post-treatment and both sides were examined under a stereo-microscope for alive and dead mites.
Cabbage, Cabbage Caterpillar Control, 1978
Authors: Chalfant Richard B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cabbages were transplanted Mar 17. Plots were 1 row, 25-ft long with 3-ft row width. Experimental design was a 4 × 4 lattice. Soil type was 0 loamy sand which received 7 in. rain and 1.75 in. overhead irrigation. Plots were sprayed Apr 12, 14, May 2, 10, 17 by hand with 50 gal water/acre at 40 psi. Caterpillar feeding damage was recorded at harvest on 10 plants/plot using a 0-5 scale: (1) = no damage, 1-2 = light-moderate damage to outer leaves, 3-5 - light to severe damage to head + wrapper leaves. Plants with scores &lt; 3 were classed as marketable.
Cabbage Insect Control, 1979
Authors: Hogenkamp Derk J. , Radcliffe Edward B. , Schulz Paula J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Late Flat Dutch' cabbage seedlings were transplanted Jun 18, at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN. Plots were single row, 30 ft long, spaced 40-inches apart and randomized in complete blocks with 5 replications. Two experiments were conducted. Insecticide sprays were applied in the 1st experiment Aug 20 and again Aug 29. Insects were counted Aug 29 (prior to spraying) and again Aug 31. Insecticides were applied in the 2nd experiment Aug 29 and insects counted on Aug 31. Ten plants were sampled from each plot. A 2-gal handoperated, compressed air sprayer depressing 114 gal water/acre at a ca 40 psi was used to apply the insecticide.
Combined Residues of Dasanit and Its Three Metabolites Applied to Chinese Cabbage for Control of Root Maggot, 1977-78
Authors: George D. A . 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Dasanit 15% G and 6 SC were each applied to Chinese cabbage at rates of 1, 2, and 4 oz ai/1000 ft-row at the Yakima, WA research location and at rates of 2 and 4 oz ai/1000 ft-row at the Puyallup, WA experiment station in the crop years of 1977 and 1978. The granules were incorporated into the soil over the row in 6-in band widths at planting time; the SC was applied 30 days later as a spray directed at the base of the plants. There were 4 replications of each treatment. The laboratory procedure used for sampling, extraction, and cleanup of the extract is available on request.
Foliar Treatments to Control Flea Beetles on Collards, 1978
Authors: Hofmaster R. N. , Francis J. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Votes' collards were direct seeded In 3-ft rows on Jun 13 and thinned to 10-in spacing 1 month later. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times and arranged In a randomized block design. Each plot consisted of a single 30-ft long row with an untreated row adjacent to each treatment plot. The sprays were applied with a D. B. Smith 5-gallon, knapsack, hand-operated, compressed-air sprayer at the rate of 100 gal/acre (40 psi), using a D. B. Smith #E-147 adjustable cone nozzle. A single application was made on Sep 16. Treatments were evaluated by counting the number of flea beetles per 10 sweeps with a 15 inch diameter insect net at 3, 24 and 96 hours after treatment.
Sweet Corn, Foliar Sprays to Control Worms on Silking Corn, 1979
Authors: Bowman James S. , Porcellini S. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The sweet corn utilized in this study was located on the Robert Wiggins Farm, Stratham, NH. Before the block was selected, it had been treated with one application of Lannate at 0.9 lb ai/acre while in the whorl stage to clean up an infestation of fall armyworm. Each plot consisted of a 30-ft row with each treatment replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Spray treatments were applied to the silk area beginning at 10% silk stage and extending into the brown silk stage. Frequency of applications was determined utilizing black light trap collections of corn earworm moths and following the spray intervals recommendations of the local sweet corn pest management program. Spray applications were made using a one gallon B & G COo pressurized sprayer of 52 gallons per acre. Evaluations were made on Sep 13 by examining 25 ears from each replicate for the presence of worms and/or feeding injury.
Foliar Sprays to Control Corn Earworms in Sweet Corn, 1978
Authors: Hofmaster R. N . , Francis J. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'N&K 199' was planted, 10-inch spacing in 3-ft rows, on May 18. Treatment plots were replicated 3 times and arranged in a randomized block design. Each plot consisted of 3 rows 25 ft long with a single untreated row adjacent to each treatment plot. Insecticides were applied to the ear and to areas about 15 inches above and below the ear with a D.B. Smith 5-gallon, knapsack, handoperated, compressed-air sprayer at the rate of 25 gal/acre (40 psi), using a Spraying Systems Cone Jet Y-8 nozzle. Treatments were initiated at first silk on Jul 17 and continued at 2-3 day intervals thru Jul 31, a total of 7 applications overall. Twenty-five ears were harvested from each treatment replicate on Aug 4 and checked for earworms. The following categories were selected for evaluation of corn earworm injury: 1)Clean - no evidence of earworm; 2)Slight - confined to silk or extreme tip of ear; 3)Medium - injury less than 1.5 inches below tip; ear could be clipped; and 4)Severe - damage well below ear tip and of such nature that ear could not be clipped or salvaged for use.
Corn (Sweet), Corn Earworm Control, 1979
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. , Thompson Michael L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Trucker's Favorite' sweet corn was planted on May 29 near Benson, NC. Single-row plots 20-ft long were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design with 5 -ft alleys between replications. One maintenance spray combining Sevin and Lannate was made prior to start of test. Treatments were applied every Monday, Wednesday and Friday beginning Jul 25 (with 25% of the plants tasseling) and ending Aug 13 (9 applications). All sprays were applied at the rate equivalent to 100 gallons of wafer/acre using a 2.5-gallon CO2 pressurized hand sprayer operated at 40 psi with a single hollow-cone nozzle. All mature ears were harvested on Aug 15. Harvested ears were divided into 3 damage classes: undamaged, slight - ear tip damaged, heavy - no market value. Armyworms were present but were not as numerous as corn earworms.
Cabbage Looper and Beet Armyworm Control in Lettuce, 1978
Authors: Toscano N. C. , Kido K. , Steenwyk R. V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Materials were tested for cabbage looper and beet armyworm control on Iceberg lettuce 'Climax' Imperial Valley, CA. The plots were two beds (40 inch double planting), 50 ft long with 4 replicates in a randomized block design. Treatments were applied using a hand sprayer equipped with a CO2 cylinder fitted with 4 nozzles (#8004) per bed, operated at 60 gals/acre and 30 psi. The treatments were made on Oct 24 when the plants were in the 5-6 leaf stage.
Onion Maggot Control, 1979
Authors: Robbins P. S. , Wilsey W. T. , Eckenrode C. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were planted Apr 14 in Elba and May 4 in Oswego. Both locations are mucklands of major importance to the onion industry in New York. Plots were single rows, 30-ft long, replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Data was recorded from the center 20 ft of each row. All treatments were applied in the furrow with a hand-pushed cone seeder planting 9 seeds/ft and delivering 75 GPA through a gravity-fed spray system. Dithane M-45 (80 WP) was applied in the furrow with each treatment at 2.4 lb ai/acre for control of onion smut. Stand counts were taken May 29 at Elba and May 31 at Oswego. All drenches were applied in a 2-4 in band at the time of stand counts through a CO2-powered system mounted on a cone seeder delivering 75 GPA through one flat fan (8006) nozzle. Maggot damage was assessed by checking each row for wilted plants ca twice per week during Jun and early Jul. Each wilted plant was pulled and examined to determine whether injury was due to onion maggot or other causes. Harvests were taken Sep 4 at Oswego and Sep 11 at Elba by topping, pulling, counting and weighing the onions in each 20 ft row.
Apple, Insect and Mite Control, 1979
Authors: Forsythe H. Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test materials were applied to apple trees at Monmouth (Test 1) and Winthrop, Maine (Tests 2 and 3), as dilute sprays with a handgun from a hydraulic sprayer operating at 100 psi at a rate of 250 to 350 gal/A. The trees were sprayed on May 31-Jun 1 (petal fall), Jun 13-14, 25-28, Jul 9-10, 23-24, Aug 6-7, 20-21 (first cover through sixth cover). Each material was applied on all dates except as noted in table. Also, the first two Pydrin treatments in Test 2 were applied only on May 10 (tight cluster), 17 (full pink), 31 (petal fall), Jun 25, Jul 23. In Test 1 the fungicide program (rates are per 100 gal) consisted of Difolatan 4F (2 qt) on Apr 26; captan 80W (.625 lb) + Ben late 50W (2 oz) on 9 dates; Epsom salts (15 lb) on Jun 1, 8, and 20; and Solubor (1 lb) on Jun 8. In addition, Polyram 80W (2 lb) was tank-mixed with each insecticide at each spray. In Tests 2 and 3, the fungicide program consisted of Difolatan 4F (4 qt) on Apr 25 (half-inch green) and Polyram 80W (2 lb) at each cover; Polyram was tank-mixed with each treatment. There were 4 single-tree replications per treatment. A randomized complete block design was utilized with 2 'Mcintosh' and 2 'Spartan' cultivars per treatment in Test 1, 4 'Mcintosh' per treatment in Test 2, and 2 'Cortland' and 2 'Red Delicious' per treatment in Test 3. Except for the test trees, these orchards were unsprayed. On Aug 30, three-fourths box of apples was picked from each three and generally ca. 500 to 525 apples were examined per treatment on Sep 8 to 15 for external egg punctures (apple maggot), egg-laying scars (plum curculio), and typical feeding injuries (codling moth and lesser appleworm). Aphid counts are based on 10 randomly selected vegetative terminals around each tree. All live aphids found on Jul 25-26 (also Aug 2 and 9 for Test 1) on the distal 4 unfurled and 1 furled leaves and on the stem included by these leaves were recorded. European red mites were counted on 3 dates from Jul 27 to Aug 22 and 25 leaves collected mostly at chest-height around the periphery of each tree. The leaves were brought into the laboratory and the mites brushed onto glass plates coated with a Tween 20-alcohol mixture; mites were counted the same day. Heavy pressure was exerted by aphids and mites in Test 1 and by the apple maggot in Tests 2 and 3. Except for heavy rains on Jul 1, 16, 17, and 26, Jun, Jul, and Aug were hot and dry.
Foliar Insecticides for Control of Green Peach Aphids and Colorado Potato Beetles, Test 4, 1978
Authors: Powell D. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Russet Burbank' potatoes were planted Mar 30 in Ritzville silt loam soil {Mesic Colciorthidic Haploxerolls) with a pH of 6.2 and 1.6% organic matter at Yakima, WA. On Jun 6, the foliar insecticides were applied in 40 gal of spray/acre with a 2-row portable boom CO2 hand sprayer. The plants were 12-14 in. high and each plot was 2-rows wide (5.6 ft) and 25-ft long. Each treatment was replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. The number of aphids/20 compound potato leaves per plot was determined at 3, 6, 9, and 14 days after treatment (Jun 9, 12, 15 and 20). Also, the number of dead and live Colorado potato beetle adults and larvae on 3 m2 of soil surface (3 m long × 1 m wide) between the rows of each plot was counted on Jun 7 (24 h after treatment); and the number of adults and larvae on 2 m2 of potato plant area of each plot was on Jul 7 (31 days after treatment). The aphid and Colorado potato beetle data were subjected to analysis of variance with Duncan's MRT. The percent mortality for Colorado potato beetle one day after treatment was calculated for each plot and analyzed.
Cabbage Looper Control, 1982:
Authors: Story R. N. , Klock N. , Sundstrom F. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seedling cabbage was transplanted into 48-inch rows on Feb 24 at the Hill Farm, Baton Rouge, LA. Single row plots 20-ft in length were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a hand-held CO2 pressurized sprayer delivering 100 gal/acre at 40 psi through a single spray nozzle containing a D-3 disc, No. 25 core, and 16 mesh strainer. Spray treatments were applied on Apr 14 and Apr 26. A spreader sticker was added to all treatments. Evaluations were made on May 12 before heads fully developed by counting the number of leaves per plant with 1 or more holes ≥ 2 cm in area. The foliage injury rating was calculated as the mean number of leaves per plant with holes present
Cucumber Beetle Control on Cantaloupe, 1981
Authors: York Alan C. , Kinney Karl K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Temik and Furadan were applied pre-plant in a 10-22-in band with a Gandy Ro-Bander and incorporated 2-4 in. Plants were transplanted (Jun 1) into the silty-clay loam (pH 6.8, O.M. 2.9%) when 3 wk old (2 true leaves). Foliar sprays were applied with a tractor-mounted hydraulic boom sprayer delivering 50 gal per acre at 50 psi (3 nozzles per row) on Jun 11, 19, 25, Jul 1, 9, 17, 24, Aug 5, and 13. Rows were 52 ft long and separated by 10-ft alleyways. Each row contained 13 plants. Four replicates were used in a randomized complete block design. Prefar was applied pre-plant incorporated and Dacthal at 8.25 lb per acre on Jul 9 for weed control. Bravo was applied at 10-14-day intervals beginning Jun 26 for disease control. Yields were taken approximately every 3 days beginning Aug 12.