bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fat mass and obesity‐associated protein regulates arecoline‐exposed oral cancer immune response through programmed cell death‐ligand 1
Authors: Li Xia , Chen Wuya , Gao Yijun , Song Jing , Gu Yangcong , Zhang Jianming , Cheng Xiufeng , Ai Yilong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe high prevalence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in South Asia is associated with habitual areca nut chewing. Arecoline, a primary active carcinogen within areca nut extract, is known to promote OSCC pathological development. Dysregulation of N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification has begun to emerge as a significant contributor to cancer development and progression. However, the biological effects and molecular mechanisms of m6A modification in arecoline‐promoted OSCC malignance remain elusive. We reveal that chronic arecoline exposure substantially induces upregulation of fat mass and obesity‐associated protein (FTO), MYC, and programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) in OSCC cells. Moreover, upregulation of PD‐L1 is observed in OSCC cell lines and tissues and is associated with areca nut chewing in OSCC patients. We also demonstrate that arecoline‐induced FTO promotes the stability and expression levels of PD‐L1 transcripts through mediating m6A modification and MYC activity, respectively. PD‐L1 upregulation confers superior cell proliferation, migration, and resistance to T‐cell killing to OSCC cells. Blockage of PD‐L1 by administration of anti‐PD‐L1 antibody shrinks tumor size and improves mouse survival by elevating T‐cell‐mediated tumor cell killing. Therefore, targeting PD‐L1 might be a potential therapeutic strategy for treating PD‐L1‐positive OSCC patients, especially those with habitual areca nut chewing.
Experimental validation of specialized questioning techniques in conservation
Authors: Ibbett Harriet , Dorward Leejiah , Dwiyahreni Asri A. , Jones Julia P. G. , Kaduma Joseph , Kohi Edward M. , Mchomvu Jesca , Prayitno Karlina , Sabiladiyni Humairah , Sankeni Stephen , Saputra Andie Wijaya , Supriatna Jatna , St John Freya A. V. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractConservation increasingly relies on social science tools to understand human behavior. Specialized questioning techniques (SQTs) are a suite of methods designed to reduce bias in social surveys and are widely used to collect data on sensitive topics, including compliance with conservation rules. Most SQTs have been developed in Western, industrialized, educated, rich, and democratic countries, meaning their suitability in other contexts may be limited. Whether these techniques perform better than conventional direct questioning is important for those considering their use. We designed an experiment to validate the performance of four SQTs (unmatched count technique, randomized response technique, crosswise model, and bean method) against direct questions when asking about a commonly researched sensitive behavior in conservation, wildlife hunting. We developed fictional characters, and for each method asked respondents to report the answers that each fictional character should give when asked if they hunt wildlife. We collected data from 609 individuals living close to protected areas in two different cultural and socioeconomic contexts (Indonesia and Tanzania) to quantify the extent to which respondents understood and followed SQT instructions and to explore the sociodemographic factors that influenced a correct response. Data were modeled using binomial general linear mixed models. Participants were more likely to refuse to answer questions asked using SQTs compared with direct questions. Model results suggested that SQTs were harder for participants to understand. Demographic factors (e.g., age and education level) significantly influenced response accuracy. When sensitive responses to sensitive questions were required, all SQTs (excluding the bean method) outperformed direct questions, demonstrating that SQTs can successfully reduce sensitivity bias. However, when reviewing each method, most respondents (59–89%) reported they would feel uncomfortable using them to provide information on their own hunting behavior, highlighting the considerable challenge of encouraging truthful reporting on sensitive topics. Our results demonstrate the importance of assessing the suitability of social science methods prior to their implementation in conservation contexts.
Nickel and cobalt release from beauty tools: A field study in the German cosmetics trade
Authors: Symanzik Cara , Uter Wolfgang , Becker Selina‐Marie , Skudlik Christoph , John Swen M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundRelevant nickel and cobalt release from hairdressing tools has recently been evidenced. Comparable data are not available for tools used in beauty salons.ObjectivesScreening of beauty tools for nickel and cobalt release.Methods/MaterialsThree hundred eight beauty tools were tested in seven beauty salons located in two North‐German states. A nickel spot test and a cobalt spot test were used to test the tools for nickel release and cobalt release, respectively.ResultsOne hundred forty‐three of 308 beauty tools overall (46.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 40.8%‐52.2%) released nickel and 18 of 308 beauty tools overall (5.8%; 95%CI: 3.5%‐9.1%) released cobalt. Nickel release was found in 22 of 99 metal tools (22.2%; 95%CI: 14.5%‐31.7%) and 121 of 209 tools with metallic parts (57.9%; 95%CI: 50.9%‐64.7%); cobalt release was detected in 3 of 99 metal tools (3.0%; 95%CI: 0.63%‐8.6%) and 15 of 209 tools with metallic parts (7.2%; 95%CI: 4.1%‐11.6%).ConclusionsNickel and cobalt are emitted at allergologically relevant levels by a wide range of beauty tools (i.e., metal tools and tools with metallic parts) utilized in the German cosmetics trade. Beauty tools should thus be considered occupational sources of nickel and cobalt exposure.
Selection of O‐negative induced pluripotent stem cell clones for high‐density red blood cell production in a scalable perfusion bioreactor system
Authors: Yu SuE , Vassilev Svetlan , Lim Zhong Ri , Sivalingam Jaichandran , Lam Alan Tin Lun , Ho Valerie , Renia Laurent , Malleret Benoit , Reuveny Shaul , Oh Steve Kah Weng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesLarge‐scale generation of universal red blood cells (RBCs) from O‐negative (O‐ve) human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) holds the potential to alleviate worldwide shortages of blood and provide a safe and secure year‐round supply. Mature RBCs and reticulocytes, the immature counterparts of RBCs generated during erythropoiesis, could also find important applications in research, for example in malaria parasite infection studies. However, one major challenge is the lack of a high‐density culture platform for large‐scale generation of RBCs in vitro.Materials and MethodsWe generated 10 O‐ve hiPSC clones and evaluated their potential for mesoderm formation and erythroid differentiation. We then used a perfusion bioreactor system to perform studies with high‐density cultures of erythroblasts in vitro.ResultsBased on their tri‐lineage (and specifically mesoderm) differentiation potential, we isolated six hiPSC clones capable of producing functional erythroblasts. Using the best performing clone, we demonstrated the small‐scale generation of high‐density cultures of erythroblasts in a perfusion bioreactor system. After process optimization, we were able to achieve a peak cell density of 34.7 million cells/ml with 92.2% viability in the stirred bioreactor. The cells expressed high levels of erythroblast markers, showed oxygen carrying capacity, and were able to undergo enucleation.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated a scalable platform for the production of functional RBCs from hiPSCs. The perfusion culture platform we describe here could pave the way for large volume‐controlled bioreactor culture for the industrial generation of high cell density erythroblasts and RBCs.
Diagnostic value of computed tomography‐based pulmonary artery to aorta ratio measurement in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with pulmonary hypertension: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu Xing‐gui , Shi Yu‐jia , Wang Xiao‐hua , Yu Xiao‐wei , Yang Ming‐xia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe conducted a meta‐analysis to systematic assess the diagnostic value of computed tomography (CT)‐based pulmonary artery to aorta (PA:A) ratio measurement in COPD with pulmonary hypertension (COPD‐PH).MethodsPublished studies referring to diagnostic accuracy of PA:A ratio for COPD‐PH were screened out from PubMed, Embase, Web of science, China National Knowledge databases (CNKI), Wan fang databases, and VIP databases. We used bivariate random‐effects model to estimate pooled sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), positive and negative likelihood ratios (PLR and NLR, respectively), and diagnostic odds ratios (DOR). Summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC) were also calculated to summarize the aggregate diagnostic performance.ResultsNine eligible studies were included and the pooled SEN was 69% (95% CI: 59 ~ 78), SPE was 85% (95% CI: 77 ~ 90), PLR was 4.5 (95% CI: 2.8 ~ 7.5), and NLR was 0.36 (95% CI: 0.26 ~ 0.51), respectively. DOR reached 13.00 (95% CI: 6.00 ~ 28.00), and value of AUC was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.81 ~ 0.87). Subgroup analysis indicated that when the value of PA:A ratio was equal or greater than one (PA/A ≥ 1), the combined SEN, SPE, AUC, and DOR was 69%, 89%, 0.90, and 19.65, respectively.ConclusionsPA:A ratio is helpful for appraisal of COPD‐PH, and PA/A ≥ 1 possessed prominent diagnostic accuracy.
Granulomatous pigmented purpuric dermatosis: Clinical and histopathologic findings in a series of nine cases
Authors: Matter Alexandra Valeska , Kolm Isabel , Kempf Werner 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe report the largest case series to date of granulomatous pigmented purpuric dermatosis (GPPD), a rare variant of pigmented purpuric dermatoses (PPD). GPPD can cause diagnostic difficulties as it can be mistaken clinically and histopathologically with numerous inflammatory and infectious dermatoses or even cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma. We compared the histopathological findings of nine cases of GPPD with a control group consisting of 10 randomly selected PPD of other subtypes. GPPD seems to predominantly affect the lower extremities of adult male patients; a clear association with hyperlipidemia or other systemic conditions could not be confirmed. Histopathologically, GPPD is characterized by a dermal histiocyte‐rich interstitial infiltrate with or without granuloma formation, thickened capillaries, extravasated erythrocytes, and/or hemosiderin deposits. In contrast to other forms of PPD, the inflammatory infiltrate of GPPD can extend to the mid or deep dermis and the admixed lymphocytic infiltrate is mainly composed of CD8+ T‐cells.
Undiagnosed diabetes: Prevalence and cardiovascular risk profile in a population‐based study of 52,856 individuals. The HUNT Study, Norway
Authors: Bjarkø Vera Vik , Haug Eirin B. , Sørgjerd Elin P. , Stene Lars C. , Ruiz Paz Lopez‐Doriga , Birkeland Kåre I. , Berg Tore Julsrud , Gulseth Hanne Løvdal , Iversen Marjolein M. , Langhammer Arnulf , Åsvold Bjørn Olav 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTAimsWe investigated the current extent of undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes and their associated cardiovascular risk profile in a population‐based study.MethodsAll residents aged ≥20 years in the Nord‐Trøndelag region, Norway, were invited to the HUNT4 Survey in 2017–2019, and 54% attended. Diagnosed diabetes was self‐reported, and in those reporting no diabetes HbA1c was used to classify undiagnosed diabetes (≥48 mmol/mol [6.5%]) and prediabetes (39–47 mmol/mol [5.7%–6.4%]). We estimated the age‐ and sex‐standardized prevalence of these conditions and their age‐ and sex‐adjusted associations with other cardiovascular risk factors.ResultsAmong 52,856 participants, the prevalence of diabetes was 6.0% (95% CI 5.8, 6.2), of which 11.1% were previously undiagnosed (95% CI 10.1, 12.2). The prevalence of prediabetes was 6.4% (95% CI 6.2, 6.6). Among participants with undiagnosed diabetes, 58% had HbA1c of 48–53 mmol/mol (6.5%–7.0%), and only 14% (i.e., 0.1% of the total study population) had HbA1c >64 mmol/mol (8.0%). Compared with normoglycaemic participants, those with undiagnosed diabetes or prediabetes had higher body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides and C‐reactive protein but lower low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (all p < 0.001). Participants with undiagnosed diabetes had less favourable values for every measured risk factor compared with those with diagnosed diabetes.ConclusionsThe low prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes suggests that the current case‐finding‐based diagnostic practice is well‐functioning. Few participants with undiagnosed diabetes had very high HbA1c levels indicating severe hyperglycaemia. Nonetheless, participants with undiagnosed diabetes had a poorer cardiovascular risk profile compared with participants with known or no diabetes.
Voting rights and the resilience of Black turnout
Authors: Raze Kyle 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Voting Rights Act of 1965 increased turnout among Black voters, which then generated economic benefits for Black communities. In Shelby County v. Holder (2013), the Supreme Court invalidated the enforcement mechanism responsible for these improvements, prompting concerns that states with histories of discriminatory election practices would respond by suppressing Black turnout. I estimate the effect of the Shelby decision on the racial composition of the electorate using triple‐difference comparisons of validated turnout data from the Cooperative Congressional Election Study. The data suggest that the Shelby decision did not widen the Black‐white turnout gap in states subject to the ruling.
Undergraduate dental students and their potential role in disaster victim identification procedures: A scoping review under a Chilean perspective
Authors: Salazar‐Valenzuela Luis , López‐Lázaro Sandra , Aguayo‐Cádiz José Esteban , Capitaneanu Cezar , Fonseca Gabriel M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundA mass fatality incident is an unexpected event that can cause the death of many people, which has motivated careful analysis and development of appropriate strategies for planning and response with all available resources. As these events involve multiple victims, their identities must be confirmed using the highest possible quality standards. Forensic Odontology (FO) has proven to be a scientific resource for disaster victim identification (DVI) procedures; however, it is highly dependent on the proper management not only of material resources but also of human resources. Chile is a country recognised as prone to natural disasters, but an insufficient number of forensic odontologists has been reported. The aim of the study was to review the literature on a dental undergraduate (UG) student's potential value in a DVI process.MethodologyA scoping review was performed using a specific search strategy in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO and EBSCO databases.ResultsThe search identified 27 articles in which the basic dental degree, the necessary training and the need for human resources are variables considered in different priorities by those articles.DiscussionIt is vital to assess the local needs of Chile based on its UGs, considering that FO is an underestimated resource that should be included early on in dental curriculums. Furthermore, it should align with public policies to ensure viability and inclusion in standardised protocols.ConclusionAlthough there is "potential" usage of UG dental students in DVI is not ideal, circumstances will dictate their use. The better trained they are as students, the more valuable their "potential" contribution will be.
Real‐life experience with inotersen in hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis with late‐onset phenotype: Data from an early‐access program in Italy
Authors: Luigetti Marco , Antonini Giovanni , Di Paolantonio Andrea , Gentile Luca , Grandis Marina , Leonardi Luca , Lozza Alessandro , Manganelli Fiore , Mazzeo Anna , Mussinelli Roberta , My Filomena , Obici Laura , Maria Pennisi Elena , Romozzi Marina , Russo Massimo , Sabatelli Mario , Salvalaggio Alessandro , Tagliapietra Matteo , Tozza Stefano 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeHereditary transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis (ATTRv) is a dominantly inherited, adult‐onset, progressive, and fatal disease caused by mutations in the transthyretin gene. Therapeutic agents approved for this disease include the TTR stabilizer tafamidis and the gene‐silencing drugs patisiran and inotersen. Inotersen is an antisense oligonucleotide that suppresses the hepatic production of transthyretin. After European Medical Agency approval in 2018, an early‐access program was opened in Italy, and in this article, we present the long‐term outcome of a cohort of Italian ATTRv patients who received inotersen within this program.MethodsThis is a multicenter, observational, retrospective study of patients affected by ATTRv that started inotersen during the early‐access program. The primary end point was safety. Secondary end points included change from baseline in familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) stage, Polyneuropathy Disability, Neuropathy Impairment Scale, Compound Autonomic Dysfunction Test, Norfolk Quality of Life–Diabetic Neuropathy, troponin, N‐terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide, interventricular septum thickness, and body mass index.ResultsIn total, 23 patients were enrolled. No patient permanently discontinued the treatment because of thrombocytopenia, and no cases of severe thrombocytopenia were observed. Five patients discontinued the treatment permanently because of voluntary withdrawal (two patients), renal failure after infective pyelonephritis, not related to inotersen, drug‐related hypotension, and amyloid‐negative crescentic glomerulonephritis. In seven patients, dosing frequency was reduced to every 2 weeks due to recurrent thrombocytopenia. Considering the FAP stage, only two patients worsened, whereas the other 21 patients remained stable until the last follow‐up available.ConclusionsThe long‐term safety profile of inotersen is favorable. Neurologic disease severity at baseline is the main factor associated with progression.
The seedcorn maggot Delia platura (Diptera: Anthomyiidae): An emerging pest of garlic crops in Tunisia
Authors: Harbi Ahlem , Abbes Khaled , Elimem Mohamed , Lazheri Houssem , Meganck Kenny , Chermiti Brahim 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDuring routine phytosanitary inspections performed in February 2021 on vegetable crops in the region of Sidi Bouzid, Central Tunisia, unusual severe and generalized damage on young garlic, Allium sativum L., crops were observed. The causal agent was later identified as the seedcorn maggot Delia platura Meigen (1826) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) using morphological and DNA‐based approaches. Symptoms on garlic are described and brief notes on diagnostic features of both adult and juvenile instars are presented. Possible phytosanitary risks and control measures are discussed.
Early mesodermal development in the patellogastropod Lottia goshimai
Authors: Sun Dehui , Huan Pin , Liu Baozhong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMesodermal development is essential to explore the interlineage variations in the development of spiralians. Compared with model mollusks such as Tritia and Crepidula, knowledge about the mesodermal development of other molluscan lineages is limited. Here, we investigated early mesodermal development in the patellogastropod Lottia goshimai, which shows equal cleavage and has a trochophore larva. The endomesoderm derived from the 4d blastomere, that is, the mesodermal bandlets, was situated dorsally and showed a characteristic morphology. Investigations of the potential mesodermal patterning genes revealed that twist1 and snail1 were expressed in a proportion of these endomesodermal tissues, while all of the five genes we investigated (twist1, twist2, snail1, snail2, and mox) were expressed in ventrally located ectomesodermal tissues. Relatively dynamic snail2 expression suggests additional roles in various internalization processes. By tracing snail2 expression in early gastrulae, the 3a211 and 3b211 blastomeres were suggested to be the precursors of the ectomesoderm, which elongated to become internalized before division. These results help to understand the variations in the mesodermal development of different spiralians and explore the different mechanisms by which ectomesodermal cells are internalized, which has important evolutionary implications.
‘Down to the person, the individual patient themselves’: A qualitative study of treatment decision‐making for shoulder pain
Authors: Maxwell Christina , McCreesh Karen , Salsberg Jon , Robinson Katie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionMany inconsistencies have been identified in the translation of evidence‐based treatment recommendations for musculoskeletal shoulder pain into healthcare services, with little known about factors influencing decision‐making. The objective of this study was to explore the views and experiences of healthcare providers (HCPs) and people living with shoulder pain on treatment decision‐making.MethodsAdopting a qualitative design, purposeful sampling was employed to recruit 13 individuals with nonspecific musculoskeletal shoulder pain and 30 HCPs. Data were collected through 1:1 semi‐structured interviews and analysed using an approach informed by Constructivist Grounded Theory. To facilitate analysis, two patient and public involvement (PPI) meetings were conducted.ResultsMost participants (69%) had shoulder pain of ≥1‐year duration. Biomechanical beliefs about shoulder pain predominated and were heavily influential in decision‐making for both patients and HCPs. Despite a consensus that therapeutic alliance facilitated decision‐making, the extent of collaboration between HCPs and patients in treatment decision‐making was rather limited. In addition to condition‐specific factors, Individual patient characteristics and resources also influenced treatment decisions.ConclusionFindings revealed the complexity of the decision‐making process for both patients and HCPs, exposing substantial gaps between the reported views and experiences of participants and the principles of client‐centred and evidence‐based practice. There is a pressing need to enhance the translation of evidence‐based knowledge into practice in this clinical area.Patient or Public ContributionIn line with a consultative approach to collaborative data analysis, a subgroup of participants attended two PPI meetings to provide commentary and feedback on preliminary findings.