bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct and Inherited Epigenetic Changes in the Nervous System Caused by Intensive Locomotion: Possible Adaptive Significance
Authors: Mezheritskiy M. I. , Dyakonova V. E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This review is devoted to the analysis of works that investigated the long-term effects of species-specific forms of intensive locomotion on the cognitive functions of animals and humans, which can be transmitted to the next generation. To date, the anxiolytic and cognitive-enhancing long-term effects of intensive locomotion have been demonstrated in humans, rodents, fish, insects, mollusks, and nematodes. In rodents, changes in the central nervous system caused by intense locomotion can be transmitted through the maternal and paternal line to the descendants of the first generation. These include reduced anxiety, improved spatial learning and memory, increased levels of brain neurotrophic factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. The shift of the balance of histone acetylation in the hippocampus of rodents towards hyperacetylation, and the balance of DNA methylation towards demethylation manifests itself both as a direct and as a first-generation inherited effect of motor activity. The question about the mechanisms that link locomotion with an increase in the plasticity of a genome in the brain of descendants remains poorly understood, and invertebrate model organisms can be an ideal object for its study. Currently, there is a lack of a theoretical model explaining why motor activity leads to long-term improvement of some cognitive functions that can be transmitted to the next generation and why such an influence could have appeared in evolution. The answer to these questions is not only of fundamental interest, but it is necessary for predicting therapeutic and possible side effects of motor activity in humans. In this regard, the article pays special attention to the review of ideas on the evolutionary aspects of the problem. We propose our own hypothesis, according to which the activating effect of intensive locomotion on the function of the nervous system could have been formed in evolution as a preadaptation to a possible entry into a new environment.
Detection of sudomotor alterations evaluated by Sudoscan in patients with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes
Authors: García-Ulloa Ana Cristina , Almeda-Valdes Paloma , Cuatecontzi-Xochitiotzi Teresa Enedina , Ramírez-García Jorge Alberto , Díaz-Pineda Michelle , Garnica-Carrillo Fernanda , González-Duarte Alejandra , Narayan K M Venkat , Aguilar-Salinas Carlos Alberto , Hernández-Jiménez Sergio 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionDiabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) causes morbidity and affects the quality of life. Before diabetes diagnosis, neuropathic damage may be present. Sudoscan provides accurate measurement of the sudomotor function. This study aimed to assess the abnormalities detected by Sudoscan, offered estimates of DPN prevalence, and investigated the relationship between metabolic and clinical parameters. Additionally, we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the Sudoscan compared with monofilament and tuning fork tests for detecting DPN.Research design and methodsCross-sectional descriptive study including patients with type 2 diabetes for <5 years since diagnosis. We investigated the presence of DPN using a 128 Hz tuning fork test, the 10 g monofilament, and the sudomotor dysfunction in feet using Sudoscan. We compared patients with and without alterations in the Sudoscan. A logistic regression model analyzed variables independently associated with sudomotor dysfunction.ResultsFrom 2013 to 2020, 2243 patients were included, 55.1% women, age 51.8 years, and 17.1% with normal weight. Monofilament tests and/or tuning fork examination were abnormal in 29% (95% CI 0.23% to 0.27%) and 619 patients (27.6%, 0.25% to 0.29%) had sudomotor alterations. In logistic regression analysis, age (β=1.01, 0.005–1.02), diastolic blood pressure (β=0.98, 0.96–0.99), heart rate (β=1.01, 1.00–1.02), glucose (β=1.00, 1.00–1.03), albuminuria (β=1.001, 1.000–1.001), beta-blockers=1.98, 1.21–3.24) and fibrate use=0.61, 0.43–0.87) were associated with sudomotor dysfunction. The AUC (area under the curve) for Sudoscan was 0.495 (0.469–0.522), with sensitivity and specificity of 24% and 71%, respectively.ConclusionThe Sudoscan identified an important proportion of patients with dysfunction, allowing prompt intervention to decrease the risk for complications.Trial registration numberNCT02836808.
Physical, psychological and pandemic fatigue in the fourth wave of COVID-19 outbreak in Hong Kong: population-based, cross-sectional study
Authors: Yan Elsie , Ng Haze K L , Lai Daniel W L , Lee Vincent W P 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesTo examine the physical, psychological and pandemic fatigue during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to explore the correlates of fatigue using a representative, population-based, community sample of Chinese adults in Hong Kong.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingTelephone surveys in Hong Kong from December 2020 to January 2021 (during the fourth wave of COVID-19 outbreak).Participants1255 adults living in Hong Kong aged 18 years or older sampled using a multistage approach (53% women).Main outcome measuresPhysical and psychological fatigue: The Fatigue Assessment Scale (with a cut-off score of 22). Pandemic fatigue: Adherence to six disease prevention measures (DPM) recommended by the government.ResultsAbout 25.7% of the participants were feeling fatigued physically and psychologically. Physical and psychological fatigue was not directly associated with pandemic fatigue, and their association was fully mediated by self-perceived disruptions of COVID-19-related restrictions in daily life. Results from the hierarchical regression analysis showed that higher levels of fatigue were associated with economically inactive status (B=0.18, SE=0.04, p<0.001), having family or friend infected with COVID-19 before or during the study (B=0.17, SE=0.01, p<0.001), lower acceptability of DPM (B=−0.16, SE=0.03, p<0.001), greater disruptions in daily life (B=0.22, SE=0.02, p<0.001), and greater trust in authorities in ending the pandemic (B=0.11, SE=0.02, p<0.001).ConclusionsFatigue affected many individuals during the pandemic. Disruptions of DPM in daily life may serve as a mediator in the association between pandemic fatigue and physical and psychological fatigue, reflecting the need of effective interventions to reduce self-perceived disruptions of COVID-19-related restrictions in the general population. Resources should be allocated to provide sufficient services to individuals vulnerable to fatigue during the prolonged pandemic.
‘Dynamic zero-COVID’ policy and viral clearance during an omicron wave in Tianjin, China: a city-wide retrospective observational study
Authors: Feng Yahui , Shao Hongxia , Gong Xiaowen , Song Zhen , Xie Yan , Qi Saibing , Shi Lixia , Hu Yu , Liu Xueou , Liu Xiaolong , Shen Qiujin , Wu Qi , Cheng Tao , Jiang Wentao , Wu Junping , Chen Junren 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveTo report how the Chinese mainland battled its first omicron wave, which happened in Tianjin, a metropolis with 14 million residents. We also sought to better understand how clinical features affected the timing of viral clearance.DesignA retrospective study of the omicron wave in Tianjin between 8 January 2022 and 3 March 2022.SettingExcept for the first cases on 8 January, all the omicron cases were identified through PCR mass testing in the residential communities. Residential quarantine and serial PCR mass testing were dynamically adjusted according to the trends of new cases.ParticipantsAll the 417 consecutive PCR-positive cases identified through mass screening of the entire city’s 14 million residents. 45.3% of the cases were male, and the median age was 37 (range 0.3–90). 389 (93%) cases had complete data for analysing the correlation between clinical features and the timing of viral clearance.Main outcome and measureTime to viral clearance.ResultsTianjin initiated the ‘dynamic zero-COVID’ policy very early, that is, when daily new case number was ≈0.4 cases per 1 000 000 residents. Daily new cases dropped to <5 after 3 February, and the number of affected residential subdivisions dropped to ≤2 after 13 February. 64% (267/417) of the cases had no or mild symptoms. The median interval from hospital admission to viral clearance was 10 days (range 3–28). An exploratory analysis identified a feature cluster associated with earlier viral clearance, with HRs of 3.56 (95% CI 1.66 to 7.63) and 3.15 (95% CI 1.68 to 5.91) in the training and validation sets, respectively.ConclusionsThe ‘dynamic zero-COVID’ policy can suppress an omicron wave within a month. It might be possible to predict in advance which cases will require shorter periods of isolation based on their clinical features.
Cohort profile: Research on Obesity and Diabetes among African Migrants in Europe and Africa Prospective (RODAM-Pros) cohort study
Authors: Agyemang Charles , van der Linden Eva L , Antwi-Berko Daniel , Nkansah Darko Samuel , Twumasi-Ankrah Sampson , Meeks Karlijn , van den Born Bert-Jan H , Henneman Peter , Owusu-Dabo Ellis , Beune Erik 
Published: December 2022

PurposeThe Research on Obesity and Diabetes among African Migrants (RODAM) prospective (RODAM-Pros) cohort study was established to identify key changes in environmental exposures and epigenetic modifications driving the high burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among sub-Saharan African migrants.ParticipantsAll the participants in the RODAM cross-sectional study that completed the baseline assessment (n=5114) were eligible for the follow-up of which 2165 participants (n=638 from rural-Ghana, n=608 from urban-Ghana, and n=919 Ghanaian migrants in Amsterdam, the Netherlands) were included in the RODAM-Pros cohort study. Additionally, we included a subsample of European-Dutch (n=2098) to enable a comparison to be made between Ghanaian migrants living in the Netherlands and the European-Dutch host population.Findings to dateFollow-up data have been collected on demographics, socioeconomic status, medical history, psychosocial environment, lifestyle factors, nutrition, anthropometrics, blood pressure, fasting blood, urine and stool samples. Biochemical analyses included glucose metabolism, lipid profile, electrolytes and renal function, liver metabolism and inflammation. In a subsample, we assessed DNA methylation patterns using Infinium 850K DNA Methylation BeadChip. Baseline results indicated that migrants have higher prevalence of CVD risk factors than non-migrants. Epigenome-wide association studies suggest important differences in DNA methylation between migrants and non-migrants. The follow-up study will shed further light on key-specific environmental exposures and epigenetic modifications contributing to the high burden of CVD risk among sub-Saharan African migrants.Future plansFollow-up is planned at 5-year intervals, baseline completed in 2015 and first follow-up completed in 2021.
Production and possible reduction of greenhouse gases produced during GI endoscopy activity: a systematic review of available literature
Authors: Perisetti Abhilash , Desai Madhav , Bourke Michael J , Penman Ian , Repici Alessandro , Reddy Duvvur Nageshwar , Tajiri Hisao , Rex Douglas K , Hassan Cesare , Sharma Prateek 
Published: December 2022

Background and aimsGreenhouse gases (GHGs) that trap heat in the atmosphere are composed of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases (synthetic hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons and nitrogen trifluoride). In the USA, the health sector accounts for 8.5% of total GHG emissions. The primary objective of this systematic review was to critically analyse the carbon emissions data from GI endoscopic activity.DesignThe GI endoscopy carbon cycle was evaluated at preprocedural, intraprocedural and postprocedural levels. We performed a systematic literature search of articles published on these issues until 30 June 2022 and discussed these available data on endoscopy unit GHG carbon cycle, barriers to reduce GHG emissions and potential solutions. The inclusion criteria were any full-text articles (observational, clinical trials, brief communications, case series and editorials) reporting waste generation from GI endoscopy. Abstracts, news articles and conference proceedings were excluded.ResultsOur search yielded 393 records in PubMed, 1708 in Embase and 24 in Google Scholar. After application of inclusion and exclusion factors, we focused on 9 fulllength articles in detail, only 3 of them were cross-sectional studies (all from the USA), the others reviews or position statements. Therefore, the quality of the studies could not be assessed due to heterogeneity in definitions and amount of emissions.ConclusionsRecognition of carbon emissions generated by GI endoscopy activity is critical. Although multiple limitations exists for quantification of these emission, there is an urgent need for collecting proper data as well as examining novel methods for reduction of these emissions for a sustainable endoscopic practices in the future.
Preconditioning of the immune system modulates the response of papillary thyroid cancer to immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Pani Fabiana , Yasuda Yoshinori , Rousseau Sylvie T , Bermea Kevin C , Roshanmehr Solmaz , Wang Rulin , Yegnasubramanian Srinivasan , Caturegli Patrizio , Adamo Luigi 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundThe response of solid tumors such as papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is highly variable. The biological basis of this variability remains unknown.MethodsTo test the hypothesis that preconditioning of the immune system modulates the therapeutic effect of ICIs, we used a murine model where PTC and iodine exacerbated thyroiditis (IET) can be induced in a temporally predictable fashion. A total of 122 mice were divided into 3 experimental groups. In the first one, named concomitant IET and PTC (No.=40), IET, and PTC were induced at the same time; in the second one, named pre-existing IET (No.=44), IET was induced prior to the induction of PTC; in the third one, named no IET (No.=38), only PTC was induced. Following disease induction, mice of each group were treated with anti-PD-1 antibody, anti-lymphocyte activation gene 3 antibody (anti-Lag3), anti-T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 antibody (anti-Tim3), or IgG control. Ten weeks after the initial ICI injection, mice were sacrificed to collect the thyroid gland for histological analysis, to quantify the incidence and burden of PTC, and to perform high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing of infiltrating CD45+cells.ResultsIn the concomitant IET and PTC group, ICI treatment reduced PTC incidence (p=0.002 comparing treatment with any ICI vs control), while it had no effect in the pre-existing IET and no IET groups. Single-cell sequencing of thyroidal CD45+cells showed that the different ICIs tested had both specific and shared effects on all the components of the thyroidal immune cell infiltrate. The shared effect of the tested ICIs was dependent on the presence of pre-existing versus concomitant IET. In the context of concomitant IET, ICI treatment resulted in the modulation of a greater number of pathways related to both innate and adaptive immunity.ConclusionsResponse to ICIs depends on the status of the immune system of the treated individual. Modulation of the immune system should be explored as a tool to improve response to ICIs in patients with PTC or other forms of cancer.
Human CD19-specific switchable CAR T-cells are efficacious as constitutively active CAR T-cells but cause less morbidity in a mouse model of human CD19+malignancy
Authors: Pennell Christopher A , Campbell Heather , Storlie Meghan D , Bolivar-Wagers Sara , Osborn Mark J , Refaeli Yosef , Jensen Michael , Viaud Sophie , Young Travis S , Blazar Bruce R 
Published: December 2022

Current Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies for B-cell malignancies are constitutively active and while efficacious, can cause morbidity and mortality. Their toxicities might be reduced if CAR T-cell activity was regulatable rather than constitutive. To test this, we compared the efficacies and morbidities of constitutively active (conventional) and regulatable (switchable) CAR (sCAR) T-cells specific for human CD19 (huCD19) in an immune-competent huCD19+transgenic mouse model.Conventional CAR (CAR19) and sCAR T-cells were generated by retrovirally transducing C57BL/6 (B6) congenic T-cells with constructs encoding antibody-derived single chain Fv (sFv) fragments specific for huCD19 or a peptide neoepitope (PNE), respectively. Transduced T-cells were adoptively transferred into huCD19 transgenic hemizygous (huCD19Tg/0) B6 mice; healthy B-cells in these mice expressedhuCD19Tg. Prior to transfer, recipients were treated with a lymphodepleting dose of cyclophosphamide to enhance T-cell engraftment. In tumor therapy experiments, CAR19 or sCAR T-cells were adoptively transferred intohuCD19Tg/0mice bearing a syngeneic B-cell lymphoma engineered to express huCD19. To regulate sCAR T cell function, a switch protein was generated that contained the sCAR-specific PNE genetically fused to an anti-huCD19 Fab fragment. Recipients of sCAR T-cells were injected with the switch to link sCAR effector with huCD19+target cells. Mice were monitored for survival, tumor burden (where appropriate), morbidity (as measured by weight loss and clinical scores), and peripheral blood lymphocyte frequency.CAR19 and sCAR T-cells functioned comparably regarding in vivo expansion and B-cell depletion. However, sCAR T-cells were better tolerated as evidenced by the recipients’ enhanced survival, reduced weight loss, and improved clinical scores. Discontinuing switch administration allowed healthy B-cell frequencies to return to pretreatment levels.In our mouse model, sCAR T-cells killed huCD19+healthy and malignant B-cells and were better tolerated than CAR19 cells. Our data suggest sCAR might be clinically superior to the current FDA-approved therapies for B-cell lymphomas due to the reduced acute and chronic morbidities and mortality, lower incidence and severity of side effects, and B-cell reconstitution on cessation of switch administration.
Imaging and haemodynamic parameters associated with clinical outcomes following isolated tricuspid valve surgery
Authors: Hariri Essa , Layoun Habib , Hansen Jonathan , Abou Hassan Ossama , Kassab Joseph , Kassis Nicholas , Cremer Paul C , Hanna Mazen , Mentias Amgad , Flamm Scott D , Daou Remy , Griffin Brian , Elgharably Haytham , Unai Shinya , Pettersson Gosta , Kapadia Samir , Harb Serge C 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionIsolated tricuspid valve surgery (TVS) may be associated with high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of preoperative imaging and haemodynamic data derived from echocardiography (ECHO), cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and right heart catheterisation (RHC) with postoperative outcomes following TVS.MethodsIn a retrospective cohort study, patients who underwent isolated TVS at our institution between 2012 and 2020 were screened and followed up to 1 year. We only included those who had all three tests before surgery: ECHO, CMR and RHC. Patients with congenital heart disease, infective endocarditis and those who underwent concomitant valve or pericardial surgery were excluded. The primary outcome was a composite of mortality and congestive heart failure at 1 year. Time-to-event analyses at 1 year and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed.ResultsA total of 60 patients were included (mean age of 60±14 years, 63% women), of whom 67% underwent TV repair. The primary outcome occurred in 16 patients (27%) with a 1-year mortality of 7%. It was associated with ECHO-derived right ventricular (RV) free wall strain and RHC-derived RV systolic and diastolic as well as mean pulmonary pressures. On multivariable Cox regression analysis, only RV systolic and diastolic pressures were significantly associated with the primary outcome at 1 year (HRs=5.9 and 3.4, respectively, p<0.05).ConclusionBaseline invasive haemodynamic assessment could have a strong association with clinical outcomes and help risk-stratify patients undergoing isolated TVS.
Comparison between ultrasound-guided multi-injection intertransverse process and thoracic paravertebral blocks for major breast cancer surgery: a randomized non-inferiority trial
Authors: Zhang Hongye , Qu Zongyang , Miao Yongsheng , Zhang Yuelun , Qian Lulu , Hua Bin , Hua Zhen 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundThis study investigated whether a novel multi-injection intertransverse process block could provide non-inferior analgesia and recovery quality following major breast cancer surgery compared with the multi-injection thoracic paravertebral block.MethodsEighty-eight females who underwent mastectomy plus sentinel or axillary lymph node dissection were randomized to receive either intertransverse process block or thoracic paravertebral block, both performed at T2–6 with 5 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine per level. The primary outcome was the worst resting pain score (11-point Numerical Rating Scale) within 30 min in the recovery room. The secondary outcome was recovery quality (15-item quality of recovery scale) 24 hours after surgery, which was tested following a gatekeeping procedure.ResultsThe worst resting pain scores were 0 (0, 1) in the intertransverse process block group vs 0.5 (0, 2) in the thoracic paravertebral block group, with a median difference of 0 (95% CI 0 to 0); the upper 95% CI limit was lower than the prespecified non-inferiority margin of 1 point (non-inferiority p<0.001). Aggregate scores of recovery quality at 24 hours postoperatively were 137.5 (126.5, 142.8) and 137.5 (127.8, 145.0) for the intertransverse process and thoracic paravertebral block groups, respectively, with a median difference of −1 (95% CI −6 to 3); the lower 95% CI limit was larger than the prespecified non-inferiority margin of −8 (non-inferiority p=0.006).ConclusionsCompared with a multi-injection thoracic paravertebral block, the multi-injection intertransverse process block provided non-inferior analgesia within 30 min in the recovery room and recovery quality at 24 hours following major breast cancer surgery in females.Trial registration numberChiCTR2000037963.