bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Democratizing macroecology: Integrating unoccupied aerial systems with the National Ecological Observatory Network
Authors: Koontz Michael J. , Scholl Victoria M. , Spiers Anna I. , Cattau Megan E. , Adler John , McGlinchy Joseph , Goulden Tristan , Melbourne Brett A. , Balch Jennifer K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMacroecology research seeks to understand ecological phenomena with causes and consequences that accumulate, interact, and emerge across scales spanning several orders of magnitude. Broad‐extent, fine‐grain information (i.e., high spatial resolution data over large areas) is needed to adequately capture these cross‐scale phenomena, but these data have historically been costly to acquire and process. Unoccupied aerial systems (UAS or drones carrying a sensor payload) and the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) make the broad‐extent, fine‐grain observational domain more accessible to researchers by lowering costs and reducing the need for highly specialized equipment. Integration of these tools can further democratize macroecological research, as their strengths and weaknesses are complementary. However, using these tools for macroecology can be challenging because mental models are lacking, thus requiring large up‐front investments in time, energy, and creativity to become proficient. This challenge inspired a working group of UAS‐using academic ecologists, NEON professionals, imaging scientists, remote sensing specialists, and aeronautical engineers at the 2019 NEON Science Summit in Boulder, Colorado, to synthesize current knowledge on how to use UAS with NEON in a mental model for an intended audience of ecologists new to these tools. Specifically, we provide (1) a collection of core principles for collecting high‐quality UAS data for NEON integration and (2) a case study illustrating a sample workflow for processing UAS data into meaningful ecological information and integrating it with NEON data collected on the ground—with the Terrestrial Observation System—and remotely—from the Airborne Observation Platform. With this mental model, we advance the democratization of macroecology by making a key observational domain—the broad‐extent, fine‐grain domain—more accessible via NEON/UAS integration.
Resistance of groundwater invertebrates to droughts: Two new cases in planarians and isopods
Authors: Manenti Raoul , Barzaghi Benedetta , Toffola Roberto Della , Lapadula Stefano 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBenthic invertebrate communities are deeply influenced by hydrological variability in surface freshwater habitats. However, the responses of macroinvertebrates composing stygofauna in aquifers and unsaturated groundwater environments are not well understood nor specifically studied. Here, we present two new cases of resistance to drying in groundwater‐dwelling animals: planarians of the genus Dendrocoelum and the isopod crustacean Monolistra pavani. Multiple surveys were performed in 53 caves of the Italian Alps and Apennines, sampling different stable and unstable subterranean aquatic environments. Planarians and crustaceans were searched visually and by distressing the substrate. When we detected individuals in dry sectors, we photographed them, observed their features, and released them in pools or streams of the same cave. We rinsed dry individuals of M. pavani in small tanks and recorded the time of reactivation. In a dried subterranean stream, we observed a Dendrocoelum planarian encapsulated in a thick mucus layer, which after a total of 5 min started gliding slowly and reached a length of 18 mm. During the drought of January–April 2022, we detected several individuals of M. pavani in dry areas of two caves. In total, 72% of the tested individuals were able to reactivate. This percentage decreased to 42% after 20 days of dryness. Time to reactivate ranged between 0 and 30 s. Living individuals were observed even after 39 days of drought. Our observations provide new insights into the natural history of groundwater‐dwelling invertebrate taxa that are often neglected in the studies of freshwater ecology. Resistance of groundwater‐dwelling animals to droughts has several implications for global climatic changes and could be species‐ and site‐specific, as previously observed in surface macroinvertebrates.
Albiglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes and heart failure: a post‐hoc analysis from Harmony Outcomes
Authors: Ferreira João Pedro , Sharma Abhinav , Vasques‐Nóvoa Francisco , Angélico‐Gonçalves António , Leite Ana Rita , Borges‐Canha Marta , Carvalho Davide , Packer Milton , Zannad Faiez , Leite‐Moreira Adelino , Neves João Sérgio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP1‐RA) improve cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, some studies suggest that their effects in patients with heart failure (HF) may be attenuated. We aimed to explore the effects of the GLP1‐RA albiglutide on HF outcomes in patients with and without HF history enrolled in the Harmony Outcomes trial.Methods and resultsHarmony Outcomes enrolled patients with T2D and cardiovascular disease randomized to either albiglutide or placebo over a median follow‐up of 1.6 years. A total of 9462 patients were included, of whom 1922 (20%) had HF history. Patients with HF had more cardiovascular comorbidities, poorer renal function, and had a three to four‐fold higher risk of HF events compared to patients without HF. Compared to placebo, the effect of albiglutide on the composite of cardiovascular death or HF hospitalization was more pronounced among patients without HF (hazard ratio [HR] 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56–0.95) than in patients with HF (HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.79–1.43) (interaction p = 0.062). A similar pattern was observed for HF hospitalizations (interaction p = 0.025). The effect of albiglutide on cardiovascular death, sudden death or ‘pump failure’ death, and all‐cause mortality was also attenuated among patients with HF history, but without significant interaction (p > 0.1). The benefit of albiglutide to reduce atherosclerotic events was consistent regardless of HF history.ConclusionsIn patients with T2D and cardiovascular disease, albiglutide appeared to have no effect in reducing HF‐related events among patients with HF history. These findings, placed in the context of other trials, suggest that GLP1‐RA may not improve HF outcomes in patients with HF.
First Synthesis, Confirmation of Stereochemistry, and Cytotoxic Activity of Oxyfungiformin
Authors: Rahelivao Marie Pascaline , Bauer Ingmar , Lübken Tilo , Kataeva Olga , Vehlow Anne , Cordes Nils , Knölker Hans‐Joachim 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe relative configuration of the marine sesquiterpenoid oxyfungiformin, isolated from the soft coral Capnella fungiformis, was confirmed by synthesis using the natural product guaiol as chiral precursor. The absolute configuration of oxyfungiformin could be assigned by combination of X‐ray diffraction and comparison of the values for the specific optical rotation. Oxyfungiformin and a diastereoisomer showed cytotoxic activity in cells originating from cancers of the lung, breast, and cervix.
Cloud‐based authentication and key management protocol for advanced metering infrastructure in smart grid
Authors: Roman Luis Fernando Arias , de Gondim Paulo Roberto 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn smart grid networks, the advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) enables sensors and communication networks to measure electricity consumed or generated by users. However, among the challenges to be overcome related to security in the AMI system is resistance to computer attacks, such as impersonation, denial of service, man in the middle, and redirection, which can compromise privacy, confidentiality, and availability of electrical systems. An efficient and effective authentication system is necessary to guarantee the privacy and confidentiality of data without compromising system performance, thus characterizing a challenge (need for a tradeoff between security and performance), which involves limited computing power and bandwidth and a high number of meters to be installed in a certain geographic area. This article introduces a group authentication and key agreement protocol that ensures both confidentiality and privacy of communications and avoids several computer attacks. It showed better communication and computational cost‐based performance compared to other protocols. Automated validation of internet security protocols and applications formally validated it, while security protocol animator tool simulated an intrusion, with good results.
Enhancement of thermal stability and flame retardancy of ethylene vinyl acetate/magnesium hydroxide composite by carbon black
Authors: Guo Yiming , Liu Jichun , Luo Jie , Liu Hongyu , Peng Shuge 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNano‐sized carbon black (CB) was introduced to ethylene vinyl acetate/magnesium hydroxide (EVA/MH) composite by melt compounding and the EVA/MH/CB ternary composites were investigated in terms of their thermal, flame retardant, mechanical, and electrical properties. The results indicate that the introduction of MH and CB has no impact on thermal degradation mechanism of EVA, but inhibits its degradation substantially. The presence of CB can hinder thermo‐oxidative degradation and increase thermal stability of the EVA/MH composite significantly. The addition of CB increases the flame‐retardant efficiency of MH effectively. The EVA/MH/CB composite with 3.6% CB can achieve V‐0 rating and its peak heat release rate is 23% smaller than that of the EVA/MH composite, which only achieves V‐2 rating in UL‐94 test. The improvement in flame retardancy happens in condensed phase. On the whole, the introduction of proper CB can enhance the thermal and flame‐retardant properties of EVA/MH composite considerably without damaging its mechanical and electrical performances. This work provides a simple and cost‐effective method to further increase the properties of EVA/MH composite for wire and cable industry.
The regulatory effects of Pseudostellaria heterophylla polysaccharide on immune function and gut flora in immunosuppressed mice
Authors: Kan Yongjun , Liu Yingying , Huang Yating , Zhao Li , Jiang Chang , Zhu Yanjin , Pang Ziqin , Hu Juan , Pang Wensheng , Lin Wenxiong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPolysaccharide (PF40) has been recognized as a main bioactive substances in Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.). The current study explored the potential protective effects of PF40 on immune system in mice with cyclophosphamide‐induced immunosuppression. The mice were intragastric administered PF40 at the dosage of 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg once daily for 30 days, On the 24th and 25th day, the additional intraperitoneal injection of PF40 (50 mg/kg) were administered. The results showed that PF40 enhanced the cell‐mediated immunity via improvements in macrophage phagocytosis, splenocyte proliferation, NK cell activity and delayed type hypersensitivity. Equally, it improves humoral immunity through promoting the formation of serum hemolysin. Moreover, PF40 maintain the immune balance of splenic lymphocytes and altered the intestinal physiological status in Cyp‐induced mice. PF40 regulates the intestinal microbiota by restoring the relative abundance of Odoribacter and Mucispirillum and reducing the relative abundance of Sporosarcina, Yaniella, and Jeotgalicoccus in Cyp‐intervened mice. The findings suggested that PF40 might be a promising natural functional foods for reducing chemotherapy‐induced immunosuppression.
Saving light, losing lives: How daylight saving time impacts deaths from suicide and substance abuse
Authors: Osborne‐Christenson Eric Jonathon 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper estimates the impact of Daylight Saving Time (DST) on deaths from suicide and substance abuse in the United States. Using Multiple Cause‐of‐Death Mortality Data from the National Vital Statistics System of the National Center for Health Statistics from 1979 to 1988, the effect is identified in two ways: a regression discontinuity design that exploits discrete time changes in the Spring and Fall; and a fixed effects model that uses a policy change and a switching mechanism that introduces random variation to DST's start and end dates. This is one of the first attempts to estimate the impact of DST on deaths due to suicide and substance abuse and the first to use either identification strategy. The results from both methods suggest that the sleep disruptions during the Spring transition cause the suicide rate to rise by 6.25 percent and the death rate from suicide and substance abuse combined to increase by 6.59 percent directly after the time change. There is no evidence for any change in these outcomes during the Fall transition. The contrasting results from Spring to Fall suggest the entire effect can be attributed to disruptions in sleep patterns rather than changes in ambient light exposure.
Anaphylaxis and allergic reactions to COVID‐19 vaccines: A narrative review of characteristics and potential obstacles on achieving herd immunity
Authors: Mahdiabadi Sara , Rezaei Nima 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a highly contagious infection, and new variants of its causative virus continue to emerge all around the world. Meanwhile, mass vaccination represents a highly effective measure to reduce the disease burden. Not only do vaccines immunize individuals, but they also protect the entire population through achieving herd immunity. They are composed of various ingredients, some of which may induce hypersensitivity reactions, namely anaphylaxis and cutaneous allergic reactions. This review aims to provide an explicit overview of the pathophysiology, suspected responsible components, and management of COVID‐19 vaccine‐induced allergic reactions, and their effect on acquiring herd immunity.MethodsTo perform this narrative review, a comprehensive literature search based on our selected terms was conducted in online databases of PubMed/Medline and Google Scholar for finding the relevant studies published from 2019 to 2022.ResultsCOVID‐19 vaccines introduce several advantages that outweigh their potential risks, such as allergic reactions. Allergic reactions are mainly attributed to polyethylene glycol and polysorbate excipients that can provoke IgE‐mediated reactions and hypersensitivity reactions. These reactions should be managed properly to avoid having serious sequelae.ConclusionIt is of great importance to immediately recognize and manage vaccine hypersensitivity reactions, especially anaphylaxis, to avoid allergic patients being excluded from the vaccination program, and more importantly, to stop the spreading of unfounded vaccine hesitancy leading to delayed herd immunity.
Epidemiologic profile of skin tumors in the Philippine General Hospital: A descriptive cross‐sectional study
Authors: Villanueva Emilio Quilatan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsSkin tumors are one of the most common complaints among patients due to their external location and esthetic reasons. Skin tumors have a wide spectrum from being benign, with only esthetic problems, to malignant, which can be fatal. This study aimed to describe the epidemiologic profile of skin tumors in the Philippine General Hospital Out‐patient Services.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study that describes the epidemiologic profile of the different skin tumors among Filipinos who consulted at the Philippine General Hospital Out‐patient Services.ResultsBenign skin tumors are more common than malignant ones. Benign skin tumors are commonly seen in middle‐aged adults, with a median age of 33 years. There was a higher proportion of benign tumors among females (n = 1256/1529, 82.15%) compared to males (n = 690/923, 74.76%). The site of predilection was the head and neck region. The most common benign skin tumor was the intradermal nevus. The older adult age group had a higher predilection for malignant tumors, with a median age of 57 years. Relatively, there was higher proportion of malignant tumors among males (n = 223/923, 25.24%) compared to females (n = 273/1529, 17.85%). The site of predilection is also the head and neck region. Among malignant skin tumors, basal cell carcinoma is the most common skin cancer.ConclusionThe epidemiologic profile of skin tumors from patients seen in the Philippine General Hospital in terms of median age at diagnosis, sex preponderance, site of predilection, and tumor classification was similar to various Asian countries located in relatively the same latitude as the Philippines.
Environmental dimensions during and after the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict of 2020
Authors: Darbyshire Eoghan , Weir Doug 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The 44-day war between Azerbaijan and Armenia in Nagorno-Karabakh in 2020 resulted in significant environmental damage. This brief communication presents two aspects of harm to the region's biodiverse-rich primary forests—(1) hundreds of conflict-linked landscape fires during and (2) widespread development postconflict, without a due environmental assessment. The use of novel mixed methods research, including satellite remote sensing, has allowed an independent and open response to some of the environmental narratives, which were weaponized by both conflict parties. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:360–365. © 2022 SETAC
Dissecting integrated indices of multiple biomarker responses: Think before use
Authors: Pham Duy Nghia , Sokolova Inna M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The multiple biomarker approach is an effective tool to study the responses of aquatic organisms to contaminants. Summarizing multiple biomarker responses for facilitated communication of research findings has been aided by some integrated indices. Here we explain how existing integrated indices were built and why they turn out to be the wheel reinvented. We discuss the role of integrated indices in ecological risk assessment and recommend some changes in summarizing multiple biomarker results. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:302–311. © 2022 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
The Somatomorphic Matrix‐Female: More evidence for the validity of bidimensional figural rating scales for women
Authors: Talbot Daniel , Mahlberg Justin , Cunningham Mitchell L. , Pinkus Rebecca T. , Szabo Marianna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOur study aimed to develop and provide a preliminary psychometric validation of the Somatomorphic Matrix‐Female (SM‐F), a new bidimensional female figural rating scale which can be used to gauge actual and desired levels of both body fat and muscularity in a consolidated measure, as well as providing an index of actual‐desired body discrepancy based on these measures. Across two studies undergraduate women (n Study 1 = 481; n Study 2 = 391) completed the Eating Disorder Examination‐Questionnaire, the Body Shape Questionnaire‐34, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales‐21 (Study 1) and the Drive for Thinness Scale and the Drive for Muscularity Scale (Study 2), as well as the SM‐F. Overall, the SM‐F demonstrated sound content, concurrent, and convergent validity for actual and desired body fat, actual and desired muscularity, and their respective discrepancy scores.
Cytoskeletal networks in primary cilia: Current knowledge and perspectives
Authors: Ge Ruixin , Cao Minghui , Chen Miao , Liu Min , Xie Songbo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPrimary cilia, microtubule‐based protrusions present on the surface of most mammalian cells, function as sensory organelles that monitor extracellular signals and transduce them into intracellular biochemical responses. There is renewed research interest in primary cilia due to their essential roles in development, tissue homeostasis, and human diseases. Primary cilia dysfunction causes a large spectrum of human diseases, collectively known as ciliopathies. Despite significant advances in our understanding of primary cilia, there are still no effective agents for treating ciliopathies. Primary ciliogenesis is a highly ordered process involving membrane trafficking, basal body maturation, vesicle docking and fusion, transition zone assembly, and axoneme extension, in which actin and microtubule networks play critical and multiple roles. Actin and microtubule network architecture, isotropy, and dynamics are tightly controlled by cytoskeleton‐associated proteins, a growing number of which are now recognized as responsible for cilium formation and maintenance. Here we summarize the roles of actin and microtubules and their associated proteins in primary ciliogenesis and maintenance. In doing so, we highlight that targeting cytoskeleton‐associated proteins may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ciliopathies.
Correlation between catecholamines and echocardiographic parameters in patients with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma
Authors: Wang Chunyan , Yu Yang , Yang Ying 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeTo analyze the correlation between catecholamines and echocardiographic parameters in patients with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL).MethodsSixty‐six patients who underwent surgical resection of pathologically proven PPGL from January 2016 to June 2019 were examined. Echocardiographic parameters were compared between patients with elevated catecholamine concentrations and those with normal concentrations.ResultsThe percentage of patients with elevation of any catecholamine (NE, DA, or E, and their metabolites) did not significantly differ between patients with normal and abnormal left ventricular ejection function (LVEF) or diastolic function (LVDF). E wave deceleration time (EDT) was significantly lower in patients with elevation of any catecholamine than in those with normal concentrations (p = 0.024). EDT was significantly lower in patients with elevated NE and its metabolites than in patients with normal NE concentration (p = 0.004). After adjusting for gender and age, EDT was significantly negatively correlated with elevated NE and its metabolites in regression analysis (B‐value, −39.853; p = 0.023) and correlation analysis (r = −0.349; p = 0.004).ConclusionNE and its metabolites may have an impact on left ventricular diastolic function, which can be reflected by EDT. EDT was negatively correlated with elevated NE and its metabolites.