bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blow-up conditions of nonlinear parabolic equations and systems under mixed nonlinear boundary conditions
Authors: Chung Soon-Yeong , Hwang Jaeho 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we firstly discuss blow-up phenomena for nonlinear parabolic equations$$ u_{t}=\nabla \cdot \bigl[\rho (u)\nabla u \bigr]+f(x,t,u),\quad \text{in }\Omega \times \bigl(0,t^{*}\bigr), $$ut=∇⋅[ρ(u)∇u]+f(x,t,u),in Ω×(0,t∗),under mixed nonlinear boundary conditions$\frac{\partial u}{\partial n}+\theta (z)u=h(z,t,u)$∂u∂n+θ(z)u=h(z,t,u)on$\Gamma _{1}\times (0,t^{*})$Γ1×(0,t∗)and$u=0$u=0on$\Gamma _{2}\times (0,t^{*})$Γ2×(0,t∗), where Ω is a bounded domain and$\Gamma _{1}$Γ1and$\Gamma _{2}$Γ2are disjoint subsets of a boundary∂Ω. Here,fandhare real-valued$C^{1}$C1-functions andρis a positive$C^{1}$C1-function. To obtain the blow-up solutions, we introduce the following blow-up conditions:$$ (C_{\rho})\,:\, \begin{aligned} &(2+\epsilon ) \int _{0}^{u}\rho (w)f(x,t,w)\,dw\leq u\rho (u)f(x,t,u)+ \beta _{1}u^{2}+\gamma _{1}, \\ &(2+\epsilon ) \int _{0}^{u}\rho ^{2}(w)h(z,t,w)\,dw \leq u\rho ^{2}(u)h(z,t,u)+ \beta _{2}u^{2}+ \gamma _{2}, \end{aligned} $$(Cρ):(2+ϵ)∫0uρ(w)f(x,t,w)dw≤uρ(u)f(x,t,u)+β1u2+γ1,(2+ϵ)∫0uρ2(w)h(z,t,w)dw≤uρ2(u)h(z,t,u)+β2u2+γ2,for$x\in \Omega $x∈Ω,$z\in \partial \Omega $z∈∂Ω,$t>0$t>0, and$u\in \mathbb{R}$u∈Rfor some constantsϵ,$\beta _{1}$β1,$\beta _{2}$β2,$\gamma _{1}$γ1, and$\gamma _{2}$γ2satisfying$$ \epsilon >0,\quad \beta _{1}+\frac{\lambda _{R}+1}{\lambda _{S}}\beta _{2} \leq \frac{\rho _{m}^{2}\lambda _{R}}{2}\epsilon \quad \text{and}\quad 0 \leq \beta _{2}\leq \frac{\rho _{m}^{2}\lambda _{S}}{2}\epsilon , $$ϵ>0,β1+λR+1λSβ2≤ρm2λR2ϵand0≤β2≤ρm2λS2ϵ,where$\rho _{m}:=\inf_{s>0}\rho (s)$ρm:=infs>0ρ(s),$\lambda _{R}$λRis the first Robin eigenvalue and$\lambda _{S}$λSis the first Steklov eigenvalue. Lastly, we discuss blow-up solutions for nonlinear parabolic systems.
Attitudes, perceptions, and barriers of community pharmacists in Rwanda towards health promotion: a cross sectional study
Authors: Nsengimana Amon , Biracyaza Emmanuel , Hategekimana Jean Claude , Tuyishimire Jacques , Nyiligira John , Rutembesa Eugène 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The practice of Pharmacists has changed worldwide over the past years. Today, health promotion is better known as an important part of modern pharmacy practice. Involving Community Pharmacists in health promotion is thus considered a valuable option in addressing public health issues. However, the literature on this practice remains unsubstantiated in African countries. In Rwanda, Community Pharmacists are believed to be solely involved in dispensing and very little has been studied about their role in health promotion. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate attitudes, perceptions, and barriers of Community Pharmacists in Rwanda towards their involvement in health promotion.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 236 licensed Community Pharmacists in Rwanda from 23rd January to 23rd June, 2021. A list of all respondents was obtained from Rwanda Food and Drugs Authority. All participants were randomly enrolled. Each community pharmacy was represented by one Pharmacist. We collected data from community pharmacy settings using a self-administered questionnaire made of close and open-ended questions. Statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.

Results
Of the 236 respondents, (n = 149, 63.1%) were male and (n = 87,37%) were female. The average age was 38.1 years (SD = 4.3). More than half confirmed that professional curriculum is adequate for offering health promotion services (n = 152, 64.4%).Majority responded that health promotion is part of their responsibility, and they are willing to provide health promotion services (n = 233,98.7%).The statement that “Pharmacists should not be involved in public health activities “was opposed by many (n=174,73.7%).The most sought-after service provided was education to drug misuse (n=211, 89.4%).Three major barriers to provision of health promotion were: lack of coordination with other healthcare professionals(n=106,69%),structure of healthcare system (n=157,67%),and lack of equipment (n=144,61%).Most Pharmacists disagreed with the statement that “patients are not interested in getting health promotion services”(n = 134,57%).

Conclusion
Though Community Pharmacists faced several challenges that hindered their participation in health promotion, they had positive attitudes towards promoting public health messages. There are several barriers like lack of structure to provide health promotion services that need to be addressed to boost more active participation of Pharmacists in health promotion.
Euthymic patients with predominantly manic polarity avoid happy faces in a dot probe task
Authors: Wenzel Martina , Althen Heike , Veeh Julia , Reif Andreas 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Some studies suggest a mood-congruent attentional bias in bipolar patients. However, for euthymic patients, especially in dependence on the predominant polarity, there is little and inconsistent data. A clearer understanding of emotion-related attentional biases and their relationship to dysfunctional emotion regulation could help improving the diagnostics and treatment of bipolar disorder (BD). Twenty bipolar patients in a depressive state (BP-acute-D), 32 euthymic patients with manic (BP-euth-M) or depressive (BP-euth-D) predominant polarity, and 20 healthy control participants (HC) performed a dot-probe task (DPT) with happy and sad faces presented for 250 ms or 1250 ms in two different runs. Emotion regulation strategies were assessed with two questionnaires.

Results
In the short presentation condition of the DPT, BP-euth-M showed less attention for happy faces than HC (p = .03, r = − 0.48). BP-acute-D scored lower in cognitive reappraisal and putting into perspective and higher in suppression, catastrophizing, and rumination than HC. BP-euth-M scored higher in rumination and BP-euth-D lower in putting into perspective and higher in catastrophizing than HC. In BP-euth-D and HC, bias scores for sad faces in the longer presentation condition and reappraisal scores correlated positively.

Conclusions
Results of the DPT suggest an avoidance of happy faces for BP-euth-M which we interpret as a protection mechanism for triggers of mania. That individuals who apply more reappraisal show more selective attention to sad faces could on the one hand reflect a mental effort in reevaluating the sad emotional input and on the other hand a greater tolerance for it.
The role of pyroptosis in modulating the tumor immune microenvironment
Authors: Wu Jinxiang , Wang Lei , Xu Jianwei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) plays a key role in immunosuppression in cancer, which results in tumorigenesis and tumor progression, and contributes to insensitivity to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Understanding the mechanism of TIME formation is critical for overcoming cancer. Pyroptosis exerts a dual role in modulating the TIME. In this review, we summarize the regulatory mechanisms of pyroptosis in modulating the TIME and the potential application of targeted pyroptosis therapy in the clinic. Several treatments targeting pyroptosis have been developed; however, the majority of treatments are still in preclinical studies. Only a few agents have been used in clinic, but the outcomes are unsatisfactory. More studies are necessary to determine the role of pyroptosis in cancer, and more research is required to realize the application of treatments targeting pyroptosis in the clinic.
Development of soy protein/sodium alginate nanogel-based cress seed gum hydrogel for oral delivery of curcumin
Authors: Shahbazizadeh Saeedeh , Naji-Tabasi Sara , Shahidi-Noghabi Mostafa 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
In order to deliver bioactive compounds with better thermal stability and delayed release characteristics, nanogels can be placed inside a hydrogel network. The aim of the present study was to develop isolated soy protein (ISP)–sodium alginate (SA) nanogel (NG) (0, 10, 15 and 20%)-based cress seed gum (CSG) hydrogel as a delivery system of curcumin (Cur). A systematic study was performed to describe the rheological, thermal, microstructural, antioxidant activity properties, and release kinetic of NG-based hydrogels.

Results
Rheological studies showed participation of 10% NG resulted in more elastic, and compact composite with stable diffusion properties. Complex modulus of 10% NG composite was 60.96 (Pa), which was higher than the other hydrogels. The SEM images confirmed that 10% NG–hydrogel composite, can have better mechanical properties. NG-based hydrogel were thermally more stable than hydrogel and nanogel. The presence of different percentage of NG in composite significantly changed Cur release rate in intestinal condition. The Cur release in the intestine was well described by the Peppas model and no release was observed in stomach medium.

Conclusions
The results highlight the advantage of using composite hydrogel as a promising strategy for improving thermal stability and the successful delivery of bioactive materials.

Graphical Abstract
Growth analysis of the everbearing strawberry ‘Delizzimo’ under controlled temperature and photoperiod conditions
Authors: Rivero R. , Sønsteby A. , Heide O. M. , Solhaug K. A. , Remberg S. F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited information on the effect of environment on vegetative growth in everbearing (EB) strawberry (Fragaria x ananassaDuch.) and its comparison with the situation in seasonal flowering types.MethodsWe investigated the effects of photoperiod (daylengths of 10 and 20 h) and temperature (12, 19 and 26 ℃) on leaf growth, dry matter production and partitioning, concentrations of soluble sugars, starch, and chlorophyll in the F1hybrid ‘Delizzimo’ grown in a single experiment in daylight phytotron compartments in Norway.ResultsPlants grown in the long photoperiod (LD) and higher temperatures had greater leaf growth and higher dry matter production than those under short day (SD) and low temperature conditions. Growth decreased over the 39 days of the experiment. The changes in growth in the different environments were associated with changes in relative growth rate (RGR) and these were driven by changes in net assimilation rate (NAR) and leaf area ratio (LAR). The plants directed more dry matter to the leaves and crowns under LD and high temperature conditions and less dry matter to the roots, thus increasing the plant’s shoot to root ratio. Long days decreased the concentrations of sugars and starch in most of the tissues, while the effect of temperature was more complex. Higher temperatures increased the concentrations of sugars in the leaves in LD, while starch accumulated in the roots under SD and low temperature conditions. Sucrose accumulated temporarily in the crowns at the time of flower bud formation in LD and higher temperatures.ConclusionsThe results of the experiment demonstrate that the effects of photoperiod and temperature on the vegetative growth of everbearing strawberry are similar to those reported for seasonal-flowering strawberry. Increases in temperature and photoperiod and the resulting enhancement of the RGR was associated with accumulation of soluble sugars (sucrose, glucose and fructose) in the above-ground parts of the plant, whereas low temperature and SD resulted in accumulation of starch in the roots.
Joint deblending and source time inversion
Authors: Chen Yangkang , Fomel Sergey , Abma Ray 
Published: June 2022

The simultaneous source technique has been widely applied in seismic field acquisition and has achieved great success in the past few decades. Many studies have shown that the inversion-based source-separation algorithms are more robust than filtering-based methods. However, inversion-based methods depend on accurate shot times. Here, we tackle the long-standing issue of the shot times being inaccurate or unavailable during iterative inversion by proposing a joint inversion framework to simultaneously separate the blended sources and invert for the shot time. We formulate a nonlinear inverse problem that contains two unknowns, i.e., the unblended data and the shot-time vector, and we develop a Gauss-Newton method to iteratively invert the shot-time vector given an estimate of the unblended data. Then, the estimated shot-time vector is fixed for iterative source separation following a traditional deblending framework. The two aforementioned steps are recursively implemented until they converge or reach a maximum number of iterations. We examine the proposed method through several synthetic and field data examples. Results indicate that the proposed joint inversion framework is effective and the low-frequency component matters during the nonlinear inversion of the shot-time vector.
Biochemical Failure Is Not a Surrogate End Point for Overall Survival in Recurrent Prostate Cancer: Analysis of NRG Oncology/RTOG 9601
Authors: Jackson William C. , Tang Ming , Schipper Matthew J. , Sandler Howard M. , Zumsteg Zachary S. , Efstathiou Jason A. , Shipley William U. , Seiferheld Wendy , Lukka Himanshu R. , Bahary Jean-Paul , Zietman Anthony L. , Pisansky Thomas M. , Zeitzer Kenneth L. , Hall William A. , Dess Robert T. , Lovett Richard D. , Balogh Alexander G. , Feng Felix Y. , Spratt Daniel E. 
Published: June 2022

PURPOSE Metastasis-free survival (MFS), but not event-free survival, is a validated surrogate end point for overall survival (OS) in men treated for localized prostate cancer. It remains unknown if this holds true in biochemically recurrent disease after radical prostatectomy. Leveraging NRG/RTOG 9601, we aimed to determine the performance of intermediate clinical end points (ICEs) as surrogate end points for OS in recurrent prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS NRG/RTOG 9601 randomly assigned 760 men with recurrence after prostatectomy to salvage radiation therapy with 2 years of placebo versus bicalutamide 150 mg daily. ICEs assessed were biochemical failure (BF) per NRG/RTOG 9601 (prostate-specific antigen nadir + 0.3-0.5 ng/mL or initiation of salvage hormone therapy; [BF1]) and NRG/RTOG 0534 (prostate-specific antigen nadir+2 ng/mL; [BF2]), distant metastasis (DM), and MFS (DM or death). Surrogacy was assessed by the Prentice criteria and a two-stage meta-analytic approach (condition one assessed at the patient level with Kendall's τ and condition two assessed by randomly dividing the entire trial cohort into 10 pseudo trial centers and calculating the average R2 between treatment hazard ratios for ICE and OS). RESULTS BF1, BF2, DM, and MFS satisfied the four Prentice criteria. However, with the two-condition meta-analytic approach, there was strong correlation between MFS and OS (τ = 0.86), moderate correlation between DM and OS (τ = 0.66), and weaker correlation between BF1 (τ = 0.25) or BF2 (τ = 0.40) and OS. Similarly, for condition two, the treatment effect of antiandrogen therapy on MFS and OS were correlated ( R2 = 0.67), but this was not true for BF1 ( R2 = 0.09), BF2 ( R2 = 0.12), or DM ( R2 = 0.18) and OS. CONCLUSION MFS is also a strong surrogate for OS in men receiving salvage radiation therapy for recurrence after prostatectomy. Caution should be used when inferring survival benefit from effects on BF in biochemically recurrent prostate cancer. Lack of comorbidity data did not allow us to assess whether BF in men with no/minimal comorbidity could serve as a surrogate for OS.
Attention-mechanism–based network characteristic analysis for major depressive disorder detection
Authors: Yu Hong-Shi , Yang Zhuo-Yi , Dang Wei-Dong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a very serious mental illness that spreads all over the world and affects patients of all ages. Constructing an efficient and accurate MDD detection system is an urgent research task. In this paper, we develop an EEG-based multilayer brain network and an attention-mechanism–based convolutional neural network (AM-CNN) model to study MDD. In detail, based on mutual information theory, we first construct a multilayer brain network, in which each layer corresponds to a specific frequency band. The experimental results show that such a design can effectively reveal the brain physiological changes of MDD patients, from the perspective of network topology analysis. On this basis, multi-branch AM-CNN model is then designed, which uses multilayer brain network as input and can well achieve feature extraction and detection of MDD. On the publicly available MDD dataset, the proposed method achieves an identification accuracy of 97.22%. Our approach and analysis provide novel insights into the physiological changes of MDD patients and a reliable technical solution for MDD detection.
Obesity and Hyperphagia With Increased Defective ACTH: A Novel POMC Variant
Authors: van der Valk Eline S , Kleinendorst Lotte , Delhanty Patric J D , van der Voorn Bibian , Visser Jenny A , van Haelst M M , de Graaff Laura C G , Huisman Martin , White Anne , Ito Shosuke , Wakamatsu Kazumasa , de Rijke Yolanda B , van den Akker Erica L T , Iyer Anand M , van Rossum Elisabeth F C 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective
Patients with pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) defects generally present with early-onset obesity, hyperphagia, hypopigmentation and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) deficiency. Rodent models suggest that adequate cleavage of ACTH to α-melanocortin–stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and desacetyl-α-melanocortin–stimulating hormone (d-α-MSH) by prohormone convertase 2 at the KKRR region is required for regulating food intake and energy balance.

Methods
We present 2 sisters with a novel POMC gene variant, leading to an ACTH defect at the prohormone convertase 2 cleavage site, and performed functional studies of this variant.

Results
The patients had obesity, hyperphagia and hypocortisolism, with markerly raised levels of ACTH but unaffected pigmentation. Their ACTH has reduced potency to stimulate the melanocortin (MC) 2 receptor, explaining their hypocortisolism.

Conclusion
The hyperphagia and obesity support evidence that adequate cleavage of ACTH to α-MSH and d-α-MSH is also required in humans for feeding control.
Predicting and Validating 30-day Hospital Readmission in Adults With Diabetes Whose Index Admission Is Diabetes-related
Authors: Soh Jade Gek Sang , Mukhopadhyay Amartya , Mohankumar Bhuvaneshwari , Quek Swee Chye , Tai Bee Choo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective
The primary objective is to develop a prediction model of 30-day hospital readmission among adults with diabetes mellitus (DM) whose index admission was DM-related. The secondary aims are to internally and externally validate the prediction model and compare its performance with 2 existing models.

Research Design and Setting
Data of inpatients aged ≥ 18 years from 2008 to 2015 were extracted from the electronic medical record system of the National University Hospital, Singapore. Unplanned readmission within 30 days was calculated from the discharge date of the index hospitalization. Multivariable logistic regression and 10-fold cross-validation were performed. For external validation, simulations based on prevalence of 30-day readmission, and the regression coefficients provided by referenced papers were conducted.

Results
Eleven percent of 2355 patients reported 30-day readmission. The prediction model included 4 predictors: length of stay, ischemic heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, and number of drugs. C-statistics for the prediction model and 10-fold cross-validation were 0.68 (95% CI 0.66, 0.70) and 0.67 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.70), respectively. Those for the 3 simulated external validation data sets ranged from 0.64 to 0.68.

Conclusion
The prediction model performs well with good internal and external validity for identifying patients with DM at risk of unplanned 30-day readmission.
Dynamic profiling and functional interpretation of histone lysine crotonylation and lactylation during neural development
Authors: Dai Shang-Kun , Liu Pei-Pei , Li Xiao , Jiao Lin-Fei , Teng Zhao-Qian , Liu Chang-Mei 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Metabolites such as crotonyl-CoA and lactyl-CoA influence gene expression by covalently modifying histones, known as histone lysine crotonylation (Kcr) and lysine lactylation (Kla). However, the existence patterns, dynamic changes, biological functions and associations of these modifications with histone lysine acetylation and gene expression during mammalian development remain largely unknown. Here, we find that histone Kcr and Kla are widely distributed in the brain and undergo global changes during neural development. By profiling the genome-wide dynamics of H3K9ac, H3K9cr and H3K18la in combination with ATAC and RNA sequencing, we reveal that these marks are tightly correlated with chromatin state and gene expression, and extensively involved in transcriptome remodeling to promote cell-fate transitions in the developing telencephalon. Importantly, we demonstrate that global Kcr and Kla levels are not the consequence of transcription and identify the histone deacetylases (HDACs) 1-3 as novel ‘erasers’ of H3K18la. Using P19 cells as an induced neural differentiation system, we find that HDAC1-3 inhibition by MS-275 pre-activates neuronal transcriptional programs by stimulating multiple histone lysine acylations simultaneously. These findings suggest that histone Kcr and Kla play crucial roles in the epigenetic regulation of neural development.
Peak Muscle and Joint Contact Forces of Running with Increased Duty Factors
Authors: BONNAERENS SENNE , VAN ROSSOM SAM , FIERS PIETER , VAN CAEKENBERGHE INE , DERIE RUD , KANEKO YASUNORI , FREDERICK EDWARD , VANWANSEELE BENEDICTE , AERTS PETER , DE CLERCQ DIRK , SEGERS VEERLE 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Running with increased duty factors (DF) has been shown to effectively reduce external forces during running. In this study, we investigated whether running with increased DF (INCR) also reduces internal musculoskeletal loading measures, defined as peak muscle forces, muscle force impulses, and peak joint contact forces compared with a runners’ preferred running pattern (PREF).

Method
Ten subjects were instructed to run with increased DF at 2.1 m·s−1. Ground reaction forces and three-dimensional kinematics were simultaneously measured. A musculoskeletal model was used to estimate muscle forces based on a dynamic optimization approach, which in turn were used to calculate muscle force impulses and (resultant and three-dimensional) joint contact forces of the ankle, knee, and hip joint during stance.

Results
Runners successfully increased their DF from 40.6% to 49.2% on average. This reduced peak muscle forces of muscles that contribute to support during running, i.e., the ankle plantar flexors (−19%), knee extensors (−18%), and hip extensors (−15%). As a consequence, peak joint contact forces of the ankle, knee, and hip joint reduced in the INCR condition. However, several hip flexors generated higher peak muscle forces near the end of stance.

Conclusions
Running with increased DF lowers internal loading measures related to support during stance. Although some swing-related muscles generated higher forces near the end of stance, running with increased DF can be considered as a preventive strategy to reduce the occurrence of running-related injuries, especially in running populations that are prone to overuse injuries.