bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A sustainable and effective bioprocessing approach for improvement of acid phosphatase production and rock phosphate solubilization by Bacillus haynesii strain ACP1
Authors: Abdelgalil Soad A. , Kaddah Mohamed M. Y. , Duab Mahmoud E. A. , Abo-Zaid Gaber A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThere is indeed a tremendous increase in biotechnological production on a global scale, more and more innovative bioprocesses, therefore, require to perform ideally not only in a small lab- but also on large production scales. Efficient microbial process optimization is a significant challenge when accomplishing a variety of sustainable development and bioengineering application objectives. In Egypt's mines, several distinct types of rock phosphate (RP) are utilized as a source of phosphate fertilizers in agriculture. It is more ecologically beneficial to utilize RP bio-solubilization than acidulation. Therefore, this work aimed to strategically scale up the acid phosphatase (ACP) production and RP bio-solubilization by the newly-discovered Bacillus haynesii. The use of consecutive statistical experimental approaches of Plackett–Burman Design (PBD), and Rotatable Central Composite Design (RCCD), followed by pH-uncontrolled cultivation conditions in a 7 L bench-top bioreactor revealed an innovative medium formulation. These approaches substantially improved ACP production, reaching 207.6 U L−1 with an ACP yield coefficient Yp/x of 25.2 and a specific growth rate (µ) of 0.07 h−1. The metals Na, Li, and Mn were the most efficiently released from RP during the solubilization process by B. haynesii. The uncontrolled pH culture condition is the most suitable setting for simultaneously improving the ACP and organic acids production. The most abundant organic acid produced through the cultivation process was lactic acid, followed by glutamic acid and hydroxybenzoic acid isomer. The findings of TGA, DSC, SEM, EDS, FTIR, and XRD analysis emphasize the significant influence of organic acids and ACP activity on the solubilization of RP particles.
Evidence for shared neural information between muscle synergies and corticospinal efficacy
Authors: Young David R. , Banks Caitlin L. , McGuirk Theresa E. , Patten Carolynn 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStroke survivors often exhibit gait dysfunction which compromises self-efficacy and quality of life. Muscle Synergy Analysis (MSA), derived from electromyography (EMG), has been argued as a method to quantify the complexity of descending motor commands and serve as a direct correlate of neural function. However, controversy remains regarding this interpretation, specifically attribution of MSA as a neuromarker. Here we sought to determine the relationship between MSA and accepted neurophysiological parameters of motor efficacy in healthy controls, high (HFH), and low (LFH) functioning stroke survivors. Surface EMG was collected from twenty-four participants while walking at their self-selected speed. Concurrently, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was administered, during walking, to elicit motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in the plantarflexor muscles during the pre-swing phase of gait. MSA was able to differentiate control and LFH individuals. Conversely, motor neurophysiological parameters, including soleus MEP area, revealed that MEP latency differentiated control and HFH individuals. Significant correlations were revealed between MSA and motor neurophysiological parameters adding evidence to our understanding of MSA as a correlate of neural function and highlighting the utility of combining MSA with other relevant outcomes to aid interpretation of this analysis technique.
AZFa Y gene, DDX3Y, evolved novel testis transcript variants in primates with proximal 3´UTR polyadenylation for germ cell specific translation
Authors: Vogt P. H. , Rauschendorf M-A. , Zimmer J. , Drummer C. , Behr R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTranslational control is a major level of gene expression regulation in the male germ line. DDX3Y located in the AZFa region of the human Y chromosome encodes a conserved RNA helicase important for translational control at the G1-S phase of the cell cycle. In human, DDX3Y protein is expressed only in premeiotic male germ cells. In primates, DDX3Y evolved a second promoter producing novel testis-specific transcripts. Here, we show primate species-specific use of alternative polyadenylation (APA) sites for these testis-specific DDX3Y transcript variants. They have evolved subsequently in the 3´UTRs of the primates´ DDX3Y transcripts. Whereas a distal APA site (PAS4) is still used for polyadenylation of most DDX3Y testis transcripts in Callithrix jacchus; two proximal APAs (PAS1; PAS2) are used predominantly in Macaca mulatta, in Pan trogloydates and in human. This shift corresponds with a significant increase of DDX3Y protein expression in the macaque testis tissue. In chimpanzee and human, shift to predominant use of the most proximal APA site (PAS1) is associated with translation of these DDX3Y transcripts in only premeiotic male germ cells. We therefore assume evolution of a positive selection process for functional DDX3Y testis transcripts in these primates which increase their stability and translation efficiency to promote its cell cycle balancing function in the human male germ line.
Population pharmacokinetics and dose optimization of intravenous levofloxacin in hospitalized adult patients
Authors: Setiawan Eko , Abdul-Aziz Mohd-Hafiz , Cotta Menino Osbert , Susaniwati Susaniwati , Cahjono Heru , Sari Ika Yunita , Wibowo Tjipto , Marpaung Ferdy Royland , Roberts Jason A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlthough levofloxacin has been used for the last 25 years, there are limited pharmacokinetic data to guide levofloxacin dosing in adult patients. This study aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic model of levofloxacin for adult hospitalized patients and define dosing regimens that attain pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target associated with maximum effectiveness. Blood samples were drawn from 26 patients during one dosing interval. Population pharmacokinetic modelling and dosign simulations were performed using Pmetrics®. Pathogen minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) distribution data from the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing database was used to analyse fractional target attainment (FTA). A two-compartment model adequately described the data. The final model included estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) to describe clearance. The population estimate for clearance was 1.12 L/h, while the volume of distribution in the central compartment and peripheral compartments were 27.6 L and 28.2 L, respectively. Our simulation demonstrated that an area under free concentration–time curve to MIC ≥ 80 was hardly achieved for pathogens with MIC ≥ 1 mg/L. Low FTA against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pneumoniae were observed for patients with higher eGFR (≥ 80 mL/min/1.73m2). A daily levofloxacin dose of 1000 mg is suggested to maximise the likelihood of efficacy for adult patients.
Impact of sweet, umami, and bitter taste receptor (TAS1R and TAS2R) genomic and expression alterations in solid tumors on survival
Authors: Carey Ryan M. , Kim TaeBeom , Cohen Noam A. , Lee Robert J. , Nead Kevin T. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOriginally identified on the tongue for their chemosensory role, the receptors for sweet, umami, and bitter taste are expressed in some cancers where they regulate important cellular processes including apoptosis and proliferation. We examined DNA mutations (n = 5103), structural variation (n = 7545), and expression (n = 6224) of genes encoding sweet or umami receptors (TAS1Rs) and bitter receptors (TAS2Rs) in 45 solid tumors subtypes compared to corresponding normal tissue using The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Genotype Tissue Expression Project databases. Expression of TAS1R and TAS2R genes differed between normal and cancer tissue, and nonsilent mutations occurred in many solid tumor taste receptor genes (~ 1–7%). Expression levels of certain TAS1Rs/TAS2Rs were associated with survival differences in 12 solid tumor subtypes. Increased TAS1R1 expression was associated with improved survival in lung adenocarcinoma (mean survival difference + 1185 days, p = 0.0191). Increased TAS2R14 expression was associated with worse survival in adrenocortical carcinoma (−1757 days, p < 0.001) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (−640 days, p = 0.0041), but improved survival in non-papillary bladder cancer (+ 343 days, p = 0.0436). Certain taste receptor genes may be associated with important oncologic pathways and could serve as biomarkers for disease outcomes.
Adipokine human Resistin promotes obesity-associated inflammatory intervertebral disc degeneration via pro-inflammatory cytokine cascade activation
Authors: Shin Jae Hee , Park SeongHyun , Cho Hansang , Kim Joo Han , Choi Hyuk 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAdipokine human Resistin (hResistin), is known to be associated with insulin resistance and secrete low-grade pro-inflammatory cytokines in obesity. Although studies on low-grade inflammation of adipokine hResistin are known, studies on the effects and mechanisms of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) are still lacking. Thus, we investigated the adipokine hResistin with or without pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in intervertebral disc (IVD) cells such as human annulus fibrosus (hAF) and nucleus pulposus (hNP). The protein expression changes in IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13, induced by the combined-hResistin and IL-1β stimulation on hAF cells, was significantly greater than that of the same induced by mono-IL-1β stimulation. Similarly, in the case of the protein expression change of inflammatory mediators induced by the combined-hResistin and IL-1β stimulation on hNP cells was also significantly greater than that of the same induced by mono-IL-1β stimulation. These results improve understanding of hResistin on inflammatory IVDD but also with other obesity-related inflammatory diseases.
A digital SIW-slot antenna array with FPGA implementation of beamforming
Authors: Li Haitao , Li Shanshan , Hou Bo , Zhang Xianli , Wen Weijia , Hu Chuandeng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe future satellite platform and 5G communication systems place high demands on antennas, in which the antenna should offer low-cost, lightweight, electronically steerable features. In this paper, the design of a digital slot antenna element based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is proposed. SIW guides the microwave inside the substrate confined with planar metallic covers and through-hole synthetized side-walls in conventional applications, and can also radiate the microwave towards free space in antenna applications through opening slots in its metallic covers. The slot antenna element is realized by implementing PIN diodes across the gaps on both sides of the pad in the center of the slot antenna, to provide the switching freedom of the slot antenna element between radiating and non-radiating states. Besides, radial decoupling stubs are introduced into the bias line so as to reduce the leakage of the energy in the SIW structure. Applying a series of on/off states to the diodes produces various radiation patterns, thus wide range scanning is possible supposing that enough array elements are equipped. Finally, a digital SIW-slot array composed of 8 by 4 elements with tunable field programmable gate array circuits are fabricated and measured. The measured results validate the reconfigurable characteristics for the radiation pattern of the proposed digital SIW-slot antenna array without heavy engineering of phase shifter in conventional antenna arrays. The antenna is consisted by 4 by 8 elements and its dimension, simulated gain and radiation efficiency are 145 mm $$\times$$
×
127 mm $$\times$$
×
1.524 mm, 15 dBi and 53.5%, respectively. Our designed SIW antenna has the advantage of both size and weight. Furthermore, its digitalized control of beamforming allows a programming-friendly interface for smart antenna development.
Prevalence and animal level risk factors associated with Trypanosoma evansi infection in dromedary camels
Authors: Selim Abdelfattah , Alafari Hayat Ali , Attia Kotb , AlKahtani Muneera D. F. , Albohairy Fatima M. , Elsohaby Ibrahim 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSurra is a non-cyclic parasitic disease caused by Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi) and spread by biting flies. The disease has a severe impact on camel health, productivity, and market value, posing a significant threat to food safety and the economy. In a cross-sectional study, 370 blood samples were collected from camels in three Egyptian governorates. Samples were tested using parasitological (thin blood smear (TBS)), card agglutination test for T. evansi (CATT), and PCR to estimate the prevalence of T. evansi infection. Overall, the prevalence of T. evansi among examined camels was 17.3%, 18.9% and 22.7% using TBS, CATT and PCR methods, respectively. The risk of T. evansi infection in older camels (> 10 years) is higher than that in young ones (odds ratio (OR) = 9; 95% CI: 3.5–23.1), particularly during spring (OR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.1–5.7). Furthermore, females and poor conditioned camels were 2.6 and four times more likely to get infection than males and good conditioned camels, respectively. The level of agreement between diagnostics tests were perfect kappa (> 0.83). Moreover, CATT showed higher sensitivity (0.83; 95% CI: 0.74–0.91) than TBS (0.76; 95% CI: 0.66–0.85) and both had perfect specificity (100%). In conclusion, our findings revealed a high rate of T. evansi infection in camels from the three Egyptian governorates. The CATT is a good test for routine use in control program of trypanosomiasis in camels.
Morphological characteristics of the infrapatellar fat pad
Authors: Edama Mutsuaki , Otsuki Tomofumi , Yokota Hirotake , Hirabayashi Ryo , Sekine Chie , Maruyama Sae , Kageyama Ikuo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe relationship between the morphological characteristics of the infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) and joint deformity has yet to be fully elucidated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to clarify the morphological characteristics of the IFP and to identify the relationships between morphological characteristics of the IFP and degenerative grade of the articular surface of the patella. This investigation examined 41 legs from 25 Japanese cadavers. The IFP length, width, and volume were measured. It was categorized into three types: Type I, IFP proximal located on medial and lateral sides of the patella; Type II, the IFP proximal only located medially; and Type III, absence of the IFP proximal. Articular surfaces were graded as macroscopically intact or mildly altered (Grade I), moderately (Grade II), or severely (Grade III). Grade III was significantly more frequent than Grades I or II in Type III. IFP volume was significantly larger in Type I than in Types II or III. A negative correlation was found between the degenerative grade of the articular surface of the patella and IFP volume. It was suggested that a relationship between the degenerative grade of the articular surface of the patella and the IFP volume.
Stereophotogrammetry can feasibly assess ‘physiological’ longitudinal three-dimensional head development of very preterm infants from birth to term
Authors: Dieks Jana-K. , Jünemann Laura , Hensel Kai O. , Bergmann Charlotte , Schmidt Stefan , Quast Anja , Horn Sebastian , Sigler Matthias , Meyer-Marcotty Philipp , Santander Petra 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHead development is a surrogate for brain development in infants and is related to neurocognitive outcome. There is only limited knowledge on early extra-uterine head shape and size assessment in very preterm infants. Here, 26 very preterm infants with a mean gestational age of 29.1 ± 2.2 weeks and a mean birth weight of 1273.8 ± 427.7 g underwent serial stereophotogrammetric 3D head imaging in weekly intervals from birth to term-equivalent age. The main outcome was the longitudinal assessment of the ‘physiological’ preterm head development with cephalometric size (head circumference, cranial volume) and shape parameters (cranial index, cranial vault asymmetry index) according to chronological and postmenstrual age (PMA). Potential clinical risk factors for the development of an abnormal low cranial index (dolichocephaly) were analysed. In serial measurements of 26 infants, the estimated head volume (95% confidence interval) increased from 244 (226–263) cm3 at 28 weeks PMA to 705 (688–721) cm3 at 40 weeks PMA. Moderate or severe dolichocephaly occurred in 21/26 infants (80.8%). Cranial index decreased over time (72.4%; 70.7–74 95% confidence interval). Brachycephaly and plagiocephaly were uncommon. No risk factors for severe dolichocephaly were identified. Our study shows that early detection of head shape and size anomalies utilizing 3D stereophotogrammetry is feasible and safe even in very preterm infants < 1500 g and/or < 32 weeks. 3D stereophotogrammetry could be used for timely identification of infants at risk for head shape anomalies. No specific risk factors for head shape anomalies were identified, especially not mode and duration of respiratory support.
Transactional Success in the Texting of Individuals With Aphasia
Authors: Lee Jaime B. , Cherney Leora R. 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
Text messaging is a pervasive form of communication in today's digital society. Our prior research indicates that individuals with aphasia text, but they vary widely in how actively they engage in texting, the types of messages they send, and the number of contacts with whom they text. It is reported that people with aphasia experience difficulties with texting; however, the degree to which they are successful in conveying information via text message is unknown. This study describes the development of a rating scale that measures transactional success via texting and reports on the transactional success of a sample of 20 individuals with chronic aphasia. The relationships between texting transactional success and aphasia severity, texting confidence, and texting activity are explored.

Method:

Performance on a texting script was evaluated using a three-category rating in which turns elicited from participants with aphasia received a score of 0 (
no transaction of message
), 1 (
partial transaction
), or 2 (
successful transaction
). Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Interrater reliability was determined using intraclass correlation coefficient and Krippendorff's alpha.

Results:
Although preliminary, results suggest adequate internal consistency and strong interrater reliability. Texting transactional success on the script response items was significantly correlated with overall aphasia severity and severity of reading and writing deficits, but there was no relationship between transactional success and texting confidence or overall texting activity.

Conclusions:
This study describes initial efforts to develop a rating scale of texting transactional success and to evaluate the validity of scores derived from this measure. Information from a texting transactional success measure could inform treatment that aims to improve electronic messaging in people with aphasia.
DABCO-Catalyzed [3+2] Cycloaddition of Isatin-Derived Nitrones and Electron-Deficient Dienes via a 1,6-Addition Reaction
Authors: Wang Zhen , Yao Weijun , Luo Zihao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRegio-, chemo-, and diastereoselective [3+2] dipolar cycloadditions of isatin-derived nitrone ylides with penta-2,4-dienenitriles have been developed. The reaction proceeds through the organic base DABCO catalyzed 1,6-addition to linear penta-2,4-dienenitriles, followed by the intramolecular cyclization. This procedure is capable of tolerating a relatively wide range of nitrone ylides under mild conditions, facilitating the preparation of various 1′-hydroxyspiro[indoline-3,2′-pyrrolidine] derivatives.
A Sequential Cycloisomerization/Oxidative Aromatization of 2-Propargyl-cyclohexenones for Direct Access to Substituted Benzofurans
Authors: Reddy Chada Raji , Wadekar Ketan , Nair Karna , Prapurna Y. Lakshmi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA new approach for the synthesis of benzofurans starting from non-aromatic precursors is reported. The reaction involves sequential DBU-mediated cycloisomerization for furanylation followed by benzene ring construction via oxidative aromatization in the presence of Oxone®. Atom- and pot-economy, simple reaction conditions, the straightforward preparation of starting materials and access to diverse substituted benzofurans are the major advantages of this reaction.
Therapeutic Effect of Autologous Activated Platelet-rich Plasma Therapy on Mid-dermal to Full-thickness Burns: A Case Series
Authors: Karina Karina , Ekaputri Krista , Biben Johannes Albert , Hadi Pritha , Andrew Hubert , Sadikin Patricia Marcellina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlthough modern medicine has made great strides in the management of burn injuries, associated complications such as pain, infection, dyspigmentation, and scarring have yet to be fully dealt with. Although skin grafting and meshing are routinely performed on burn patients, this method poses a risk for adverse effects. Activated autologous platelet-rich plasma (aaPRP), which is increasingly used in the field of plastic surgery, contains growth factors beneficial for wound regeneration. Seven cases of burns with varying severity and conditions that were treated with intralesional subcutaneous injection and intravenous aaPRP are presented and discussed herein. This case series indicates that subcutaneous and intravenous aaPRP is a safe procedure with the potential to be an alternative when skin grafting cannot be done or as an adjunct treatment to skin grafting.
Chronic Infection and Nodule Formation following Deoxycholate Injection
Authors: Shahid Shahab , Al-Hassani Fawaz 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAqualyx (Marllor International Ltd, Rimini, Italy) was originally developed in Italy by Professor Pasquale Motolese and has been commercially available since 2009. It is a deoxycholate, aqueous gelatinous solution mixed with saline and buffering compounds. It is the only drug approved by the European Union for the reduction in localized fat. Aqualyx is sold exclusively to doctors and nurses trained in intralipotherapy. In the case of our patient, the product administered was advertised as Aqualyx, but was not administered by a trained health professional and was administered too superficially. The patient developed severe pain following the injection and was unable to sit for several weeks. There was localized skin necrosis, and palpable collections where the injection was administered. Our initial suspicion was development of an abscess or hematoma. To characterize further, we arranged an ultrasound scan that showed a “superficial hypoechoic lesion” but no deeper infection or spread. The numerous painful nodules ruptured onto the skin surface, resulting in purulent and bleeding lesions. This case demonstrates the importance of appropriate training and competence in performing cosmetic procedures including injections and fat dissolving treatments.