bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Workplace violence against healthcare workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Sudan: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Elhadi Yasir Ahmed Mohammed , Mohamed Hammad Mohamed Hammad , Ahmed Abdelmuniem , Haroun Islam Hamza , Hag Mohamed Hassan , Farouk Ehssan , Almadani Moaaz , Mohamed Alanood Elnaeem , Adam Mohammed Fathelrahman , Abdelhamed Osman S. , Salih Elhadi Basheer , Mohamed Sahar Khalid , Sanosi Mohammed Osman Omer 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundWorkplace violence (WPV) against healthcare workers (HCWs) is a growing global issue. During the coronavirus diseases‐2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, violent attacks on HCWs have been documented worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the magnitude and pattern of WPV among HCWs in Sudan during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsA web‐based cross‐sectional study of WPV was conducted among registered medical and health workers (pharmacists, physicians, dentists, nurses, laboratory technicians, and administrative and paramedical staff) during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Sudan. Data were collected from August to December 2021 using a self‐administered questionnaire distributed through social media platforms.ResultsA total of 792 HCWs returned the online questionnaire. The mean age was 33.5 ± 8.6 years, where more than half were females (54.9%) and working during the day shift (58.8%). During the COVID‐19 pandemic, three out of every four participants (78.3%) reported experiencing violence, with 65.8 % experiencing it more than three times. The common types of violence experienced were verbal (91.6%), physical (50.0%), and sexual abuse (11.0%). The emergency department reported the highest number of violent incidents (46.9%). Half of these violent events were not reported (50.3%), primarily due to a lack of a reporting system. The demographic factors that were significantly associated with exposure to violence were participants’ occupation (p < 0.001), age (p = 0.001), marital status (p = 0.002), and years of working experience (p = 0.020).ConclusionWPV was rampant among the HCWs in Sudan during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The current findings are presented to draw the attention of policy leaders and stakeholders in Sudan to this alarming problem prompting the pressing need for policy and system interventions.
Marburg virus in Ghana: A public health threat to Ghanaians and to Africans
Authors: Denkyira Salomey Asaah , Adesola Ridwan Olamilekan , Idris Ibrahim , Yelarge Kwasi , Tieku Asaaseasa Kwame , Danquah Cynthia Amaning , Opuni Emmanuel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Marburg virus disease (MVD) outbreak in Ghana and the re‐emergence of other infectious diseases in Africa require a unified effort to fight these highly infectious health threats. Although no new cases have been reported after the three MVD confirmed cases, Ghana Health Service (GHS), and Health Authorities of neighbouring countries are on the alert to identify any new cases and deal with them at the earliest. Public health measures, however, inadequate, are in place in Ghana. Varied challenges remain in the fight against these outbreaks. All known public health measures must be brought to bear in the fight. African governments must resource the African Centre for Diseases Control and Prevention, in its efforts to augment the various country‐level health services in the fight against the threats. African governments, citizens, development partners, and foreign governments must commit to fighting these diseases before they turn into pandemics.
Health inequities in Bhutan's free healthcare system: a health policy dialogue summary
Authors: Tenzin Karma , Dorji Thinley , Dorji Gampo , Lucero‐Prisno Don Eliseo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBhutan has a free healthcare system that covers almost 90% of the population within 2 h of travel distance. The country has achieved remarkable success in many public health indicators despite the chronic shortage of financial resources and trained manpower. However, there are many aspects of health inequities in the government's health policies, programmes and health services. The Khesar Gyalpo University of Medical Sciences of Bhutan, Thimphu in 2020 hosted a policy dialogue on health equity in the context of the Bhutanese health system. With changing demographics and socioeconomic conditions, some of the factors that earlier determined an equitable distribution of services and resources are no longer relevant now. The referral system is easily bypassed not only because the patients have easy access to transportation to tertiary hospitals, but because of frequent interruptions in the service and the non‐availability of doctors in the district and general hospitals. The role of the private sector is restricted to a few diagnostic services while there is an apparent adequate spending capacity of consumers. There is an important component of out‐of‐pocket expenditure and catastrophic health expenditure in patients seeking treatments outside the country. The current health policies and strategic plans for the future lack a measure of health equity. We recommend conscientious assessment of health inequities in the current system and introducing policies and programmes to prevent the worsening of such inequities.
Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance‐mass spectrometry analysis of exosomal lipids from human serum
Authors: Jalaludin Iqbal , Nguyen Huu‐Quang , Jang Kyoung‐Soon , Lee Jaebeom , Lubman David M. , Kim Jeongkwon 
Published: November 2022

RationaleExosomes contain biomarkers such as proteins and lipids that help in understanding normal physiology and diseases. Lipids, in particular, are infrequently studied using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) for biomarker discovery. In this study, MALDI was equipped with a high‐resolution MS to investigate exosomal lipids from human serum.MethodsExosomal lipids were profiled using MALDI with Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)‐MS. Four matrices (i.e., α‐cyano‐4‐hydroxycinnamic acid [CHCA], 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid, sinapinic acid, and graphene oxide [GO]) and three sample preparation methods (i.e., dried droplet, thin layer, and two layer) were compared for the number of lipid species detected and the relative abundance of each lipid from human serum and human serum exosomes.ResultsIn sum, 172 and 89 lipid species were identified from human serum and human serum exosomes, respectively, using all the methods. The highest number of exosome lipid species, 69, was detected using the CHCA matrix, whereas only 8 exosome lipid species were identified using the GO matrix. Among the identified lipid species, phosphatidylcholine was identified most frequently, probably due to the use of a positive ion mode.ConclusionsExosomes and human serum showed comparable lipid profiles as determined using MALDI‐FTICR‐MS. These findings provide a new perspective on exosomal lipidomics analysis and may serve as a foundation for future lipidomics‐based biomarker research using MALDI‐FTICR‐MS.
The influence of industrial attitudes and behaviours in adopting sustainable construction practices
Authors: Maqbool Rashid , Saiba Mohammed Rayan , Altuwaim Ayman , Rashid Yahya , Ashfaq Saleha 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConsidering the rapid environmental changes, the transitions to sustainable practices in the construction industry is vital now. Though the developed construction industries have already made efforts to switching to more sustainable and environment friendly practices, the developing countries are still lacking it. This research was organised to understand the role of project management practises and integrated methods in the sustainable development in the developing countries, for looking on how such practices can help these construction sectors become sustainable. The moderation effect of industrial attitudes and behaviours on sustainable construction was also conducted to understand the intermediary impacts. A survey based on the snowball sample of 208 construction professionals in Ghana was conducted to determine the impact of project management practises and integrated methods on sustainable construction. Research model was tested by employing bivariate correlation and multiple hierarchical regression analysis techniques, to establish the interrelationships among the project management practices, integrated approaches, industrial attitudes and behaviours, and sustainable construction and to explain these constructs in terms of their common underlying dimensions. The findings highlight that the project management practices and integrated approaches are significantly impacting on the sustainable construction practices in terms of BIM, Digital Twin, LEED, and BREEAM. Whereas the industrial attitudes and behaviours were found to be affecting the project management practises and integrated approaches through moderating role on sustainable construction. The study was concluded by suggesting the importance of sustainable construction practices and shaping industrial attitudes and behaviours towards such practices in the developing construction industries.
A Smartphone Coupled Freshness Indicator Prepared by Rub‐coating of Hibiscus Flowers on Paper substrates for Visual Monitoring of the Spoilage of Milk
Authors: K. P. Chaithra , T. P. Vinod 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study developed an inexpensive and easy‐to‐use milk freshness indicator (H‐Paper) by rub‐coating hibiscus flowers onto paper. As per the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a food quality indicator prepared by direct hand‐rubbing of a natural halochromic material onto paper substrates. Unlike the previously reported colorimetric indicators from natural sources, our indicator does not require the extraction of anthocyanins from the natural product. The H‐Paper undergoes a quantifiable color change from green to purple to pink corresponding to fresh, spoiling, and spoiled milk samples. Digital photographs of H‐Paper treated with milk samples were acquired using a smartphone, and RGB indices were analyzed using a free application. The red chromatic shift was used as a parameter to quantify color change of H‐Paper to follow the spoilage of milk. Anthocyanins present in the hibiscus flowers are responsible for this colorimetric response. This work demonstrates a proof‐of‐concept for directly rub‐coating halochromic materials onto a substrate to fabricate food freshness indicators. The H‐Paper indicator has advantages of naked‐eye analysis, consumer‐friendliness, and instrument‐free operation. This requires neither any laboratory accessories nor the expertise of a trained analyst for its preparation and operation, which is appropriate for use in resource‐limited settings.
Self‐Promoting Energy Storage in Balsa Wood‐Converted Porous Carbon Coupled with Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: He Qing , He Rui , Zia Akhter , Gao Guanhui , Liu Yifeng , Neupane Manish , Wang Min , Benedict Zoe , Al‐Quraishi Karrar K. , Li Ling , Dong Pei , Yang Yingchao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFor most electrodes fabricated with carbon, transition metal compounds, or conductive polymers, the capacitance may deteriorate with cyclic charging and discharging. Thus, an electrochemically stable supercapacitor has long been pursued by researchers. In this work, the hierarchical structure of balsa wood is preserved in the converted carbon which is used as a supporting framework to fabricate electrodes for supercapacitors. Well‐grown carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on interior and exterior surfaces of balsa carbon channels provide two advantages including 1) offering more specific surface area to boost capacitance via electric double layer capacitance and 2) offering more active Fe and Ni sites to participate in the redox reaction to enhance capacitance of the balsa carbon/CNTs electrode. The balsa carbon/CNTs demonstrate an excellent area capacitance of 1940 mF cm−2. As active sites on Ni and Fe catalysts and inner walls of CNTs are gradually released, the capacitance increases 66% after 4000 charge–discharge cycles. This work brings forward a strategy for the rational design of high‐performance biomass carbon coupled with advanced nanostructures for energy storage.
Flexible optoelectronic neural transistors with broadband spectrum sensing and instant electrical processing for multimodal neuromorphic computing
Authors: Ni Yao , Yang Lu , Feng Jiulong , Liu Jiaqi , Sun Lin , Xu Wentao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA flexible optoelectronic neural transistor (OENT) that consists of a one‐step spin‐coated tri‐blend film composed of 2,7‐dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2‐b][1]benzothiophene (C8‐BTBT), poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is demonstrated. The C8‐BTBT and P3HT phases in the film partially segregate into distinct domains, which combine to provide broadband spectrum sensing, and instant electrical‐processing capabilities dominated by C8‐BTBT. The OENT is sensitive to solar radiation from the near‐ultraviolet (NUV) and to visible (Vis) radiation from blue to red. When exposed to NUV radiation, the OENT responds sensitively and retains the memory of the exposure for over 103 s. The OENT provides a warning of excessive chronic exposure to harmful NUV. These properties allow high‐pass filtering with different cut‐off frequencies fc that can restrict the reception of blue, green, or red. These switchable fc enables sensitive image reconstruction and multitarget monitoring. The device combined with a chitosan gel achieves strictly defined short‐range plasticity of <1 s that can achieve diverse instant‐computing applications such as spatiotemporally correlated coding and logic functions. Stable real‐time signal processing facilitates the realization of a Morse‐code recognition system constructed using neuro‐morphological hardware, achieving highly accurate character recognition. This study provides a useful resource that can have applications in wearable biomedical electronics and multimodal neuromorphic computing.
An Advanced Thermal Decomposition Method to Produce Magnetic Nanoparticles with Ultrahigh Heating Efficiency for Systemic Magnetic Hyperthermia
Authors: Demessie Ananiya A. , Park Youngrong , Singh Prem , Moses Abraham S. , Korzun Tetiana , Sabei Fahad Y. , Albarqi Hassan A. , Campos Leonardo , Wyatt Cory R. , Farsad Khashayar , Dhagat Pallavi , Sun Conroy , Taratula Olena R. , Taratula Oleh 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDue to the limited heating efficiency of available magnetic nanoparticles, it is difficult to achieve therapeutic temperatures above 44 °C in relatively inaccessible tumors during magnetic hyperthermia following systemic administration of nanoparticles at clinical dosage (≤10 mg kg−1). To address this, a method for the preparation of magnetic nanoparticles with ultrahigh heating capacity in the presence of an alternating magnetic field (AMF) is presented. The low nitrogen flow rate of 10 mL min−1 during the thermal decomposition reaction results in cobalt‐doped nanoparticles with a magnetite (Fe3O4) core and a maghemite (γ‐Fe2O3) shell that exhibit the highest intrinsic loss power reported to date of 47.5 nH m2 kg−1. The heating efficiency of these nanoparticles correlates positively with increasing shell thickness, which can be controlled by the flow rate of nitrogen. Intravenous injection of nanoparticles at a low dose of 4 mg kg−1 elevates intratumoral temperatures to 50 °C in mice‐bearing subcutaneous and metastatic cancer grafts during exposure to AMF. This approach can also be applied to the synthesis of other metal‐doped nanoparticles with core–shell structures. Consequently, this method can potentially be used for the development of novel nanoparticles with high heating performance, further advancing systemic magnetic hyperthermia for cancer treatment.
Diaphragm effectiveness of multistory precast parking structures with floor‐to‐floor mechanical connectors
Authors: Li Hao , Zhou Wei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMultistory parking structures are a promising exploration avenue to address the acute need for parking spaces, and their floors are often joined with mechanical connectors to form a floor system. The properties of floor‐to‐floor connectors directly affect the seismic behavior of parking structures. Thus, the effectiveness of diaphragm action with several different typical floor‐to‐floor connectors was investigated and the natural frequencies and seismic performances of the parking structures were obtained. The results show that the mechanical characteristics of connectors in precast elements have a crucial influence on the diaphragm effectiveness of large‐span concrete structures with precast double‐tees under strong seismic action.
Study on rust layer distribution of cracked segment at tunnel arch waist under stray current and chloride ion corrosion
Authors: Yu Shuo , Jin Hao , Sun Huajun , Cao Miaofeng , Liu Changbao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDuring subway operation, cracks may appear at the arch waist of tunnel segment surface. Under the acceleration of stray current, chloride ion in groundwater will penetrate into the surface of rebar through cracks, resulting in segment rebar corrosion and structural stiffness degradation. In this article, the rebar corrosion calculation model of tunnel segment contained transverse crack under stray current and chloride ion was established, and the coupling of electric field and chemical field in cracked concrete was realized. The effects of chloride ion content and input voltage on the rust layer distribution of cracked segment were studied. The results shows: Under the action of stray current and chloride ion, the 3D rust layer of cracked segments at the arch waist can be described by Gaussian mixture function. In the longitudinal direction, the rust layer at the crack section is located at the peak of the rust layer curve, and the increase of chloride ion content has a greater influence on the rust layer shape than the increase of stray current. When the chloride ion content and stray current are doubled, respectively, the maximum rust layer thickness of rebar will increases by 34% and 16%, respectively. In the circumferential direction, the nonuniform coefficient of elliptical rust layer will change with the increase of segment crack width and chloride ion content, but it will not be affected by stray current intensity.
Next‐generation entrepreneurial identity in family business systems: The influence of role‐changing events on the understanding of legacy, individual identity, and transgenerational entrepreneurship of next‐generation family business principals
Authors: Bergfeld Alexander Friedrich , Bergfeld Marc‐Michael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe paper addresses how the understanding of family business legacy, individual identity, and transgenerational entrepreneurship of next‐generation principals is affected by role changing events in family business systems. The paper uses the insights of a focus group of 38 next‐generation family business principals of ultrahigh‐net‐worth business families from 14 countries. It corroborates that parents and role models are influencing factors on the understanding and perception of family identity, values, and transgenerational entrepreneurship. Identity inflection points during moments of expected and unexpected role changes, such as family business succession, can either positively or negatively impact the appreciation of a next‐generation principal regarding legacy, identity, and transgenerational entrepreneurship. Based on the results of the qualitative interviews and peer group discussions, the findings indicate how identity inflection points affect the preservation of the next‐generation family business principal's identity and family identity during a moments of role changes in family businesses and are a bottleneck for transgenerational entrepreneurship.
The economics and policy of genome editing in crop improvement
Authors: Kalaitzandonakes Nicholas , Willig Christopher , Zahringer Kenneth 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this review article we analyze the economics of genome editing and its potential long‐term effect on crop improvement and agriculture. We describe the emergence of genome editing as a novel platform for crop improvement, distinct from the existing platforms of plant breeding and genetic engineering. We review key technical characteristics of genome editing and describe how it enables faster trait development, lower research and development costs, and the development of novel traits not possible through previous crop improvement methods. Given these fundamental technical and economic advantages, we describe how genome editing can greatly increase the productivity and broaden the scope of crop improvement with potential outsized economic effects. We further discuss how the global regulatory policy environment, which is still emerging, can shape the ultimate path of genome editing innovation, its effect on crop improvement, and its overall socioeconomic benefits to society.
Fuzzy‐based sustainability modeling: Case study of remanufacturing waste sheet steel into angle mesh steel
Authors: Abdullah Ziyad Tariq 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRemanufacturing of waste sheet steel (WSS) recovered from the shells of exterior components of end‐of‐life vehicles is a sustainable alternative to recycling and landfilling. It is proposed that producing angle mesh steel (AMS) from this WSS is a novel sustainable business model. In this case study, 1 to 1.25‐m long strips of WSS were disassembled from the roof, bonnet, boot, rear and front doors, and fenders, and were formed into mesh with three different expansion ratios (2.19, 5.94, and 12.19). The expanded strips were flattened and roll formed into AMS sections for construction purposes. An integrated multi‐criteria sustainability assessment of the technical, economic, environmental, and social factors was conducted to identify the 20 most‐sustainable alternatives of end‐of‐life passenger cars from 200 designs manufactured between 2009 and 2019. The most sustainable exterior components for WSS to AMS remanufacturing were those that achieved a high closeness coefficient compared to the optimal performance. A pre‐assessment was conducted to specify the complexity of remanufacturing by integrating the presence of topological discontinuities (inhomogeneous areas of the sheets that impede effective roll forming) within fuzzy modeling analysis. Both the important criteria and performance of the exterior‐component alternatives were fuzzified to construct a performance‐of‐remanufacturing matrix and calculate the closeness coefficient of each alternative. The acquired experience from practical remanufacturing was applied to enable fuzzification‐aided analysis. A final performance score was obtained by summing all relevant coefficients to analyze the sustainability of the 200 target car designs for remanufacturing WSS into AMS. The best component for remanufacturing is the roof, followed by the hood, boot, front door, and front fender in this order. The Volkswagen Passat with few discontinuities in the WSS was the best alternative, while Ford Fusion designs were the worst. The findings show that the remanufacturing route is viable and provide guidance for selecting the most appropriate components and vehicle models for efficient remanufacturing.