bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
F-box protein 17 promotes glioma progression by regulating glycolysis pathway
Authors: Deng Chao , Li Hongzhi , Li Qingmin 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
F-box protein 17 (FBXO17) is associated with high-grade glioma and acted as a promotor of glioma development. This study investigated the effect and underlying pathway of FBXO17 on glioma. The Cancer Genome Atlas database was applied to analyze FBXO17 expression information in glioma. First, high FBXO17 expressions are associated with glioma and poor prognosis. Then, FBXO17 was upregulated in glioma cells. Meanwhile, knock-down of FBXO17 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, but increased the cell apoptosis. Besides, knock-down of FBXO17 inhibited mitochondrial membrane potential and increased reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, knock-down of FBXO17 decreased level of adenosine triphosphate, glucose, lactate, GLUT1, HK2, PFKP, PKM2, and LDHA. In conclusion, FBXO17 was high expression in glioma, and FBXO17 regulates glioma by regulating glycolysis pathway, providing novel theoretical for the treatment of glioma.
Simulation of sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) breeding guided by practices to accelerate genetic gains
Authors: Huang Mao , Robbins Kelly R , Li Yaoguang , Umanzor Schery , Marty-Rivera Michael , Bailey David , Yarish Charles , Lindell Scott , Jannink Jean-Luc 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Though Saccharina japonica cultivation has been established for many decades in East Asian countries, the domestication process of sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) in the Northeast United States is still at its infancy. In this study, by using data from our breeding experience, we will demonstrate how obstacles for accelerated genetic gain can be assessed using simulation approaches that inform resource allocation decisions. Thus far, we have used 140 wild sporophytes that were sampled in 2018 from the northern Gulf of Maine to southern New England. From these sporophytes, we sampled gametophytes and made and evaluated over 600 progeny sporophytes from crosses among the gametophytes in 2019 and 2020. The biphasic life cycle of kelp gives a great advantage in selective breeding as we can potentially select both on the sporophytes and gametophytes. However, several obstacles exist, such as the amount of time it takes to complete a breeding cycle, the number of gametophytes that can be maintained in the laboratory, and whether positive selection can be conducted on farm-tested sporophytes. Using the Gulf of Maine population characteristics for heritability and effective population size, we simulated a founder population of 1,000 individuals and evaluated the impact of overcoming these obstacles on rate of genetic gain. Our results showed that key factors to improve current genetic gain rely mainly on our ability to induce reproduction of the best farm-tested sporophytes, and to accelerate the clonal vegetative growth of released gametophytes so that enough gametophyte biomass is ready for making crosses by the next growing season. Overcoming these challenges could improve rates of genetic gain more than 2-fold. Future research should focus on conditions favorable for inducing spring reproduction, and on increasing the amount of gametophyte tissue available in time to make fall crosses in the same year.
Long-distance control of the scion by the rootstock under drought stress as revealed by transcriptome sequencing and mobile mRNA identification
Authors: Davoudi Marzieh , Song Mengfei , Zhang Mengru , Chen Jinfeng , Lou Qunfeng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Grafting with pumpkin rootstock is commonly used not only to improve the quality of cucumber fruits but also to confer biotic or abiotic stress tolerance. However, the molecular mechanism of the response of grafted cucumbers to drought stress and the possible roles of mobile mRNAs in improving stress tolerance have remained obscure. Hence, we conducted transcriptome sequencing and combined it with morphophysiological experiments to compare the response of homografts (cucumber as scion and rootstock) and heterografts (cucumber as scion and pumpkin as rootstock) to drought stress. After applying drought stress, homografts and heterografts expressed 2960 and 3088 genes, respectively, in response to the stress. The differentially expressed genes identified in heterografts under drought stress were categorized into different stress-responsive groups, such as carbohydrate metabolism (involved in osmotic adjustment by sugar accumulation), lipid and cell wall metabolism (involved in cell membrane integrity by a reduction in lipid peroxidation), redox homeostasis (increased antioxidant enzyme activities), phytohormone (increased abscisic acid content), protein kinases, and transcription factors, using MapMan software. Earlier and greater H2O2 accumulation in xylem below the graft union was accompanied by leaf abscisic acid accumulation in heterografts in response to drought stress. Greater leaf abscisic acid helped heterografted cucumbers to sense and respond to drought stress earlier than homografts. The timely response of heterografts to drought stress led to the maintenance of higher water content in the leaves even in the late stage of drought stress. The mobile mRNAs identified in heterografts were mostly related to photosynthesis, which would be the possible reason for improved chlorophyll content and maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm). The existence of some stress-responsive pumpkin (rootstock) mRNAs in cucumber (scion), such as heat shock protein (HSP70, a well-known stress-responsive gene), led to higher proline accumulation than in homografts. Expression of mobile and immobile stress-responsive mRNAs and timely response of heterografts to drought stress could improve drought tolerance in pumpkin-rooted plants.
Silencing susceptibility genes in potato hinders primary infection with Phytophthora infestans at different stages
Authors: Sun Kaile , Schipper Danny , Jacobsen Evert , Visser Richard G F , Govers Francine , Bouwmeester Klaas , Bai Yuling 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Most potato cultivars are susceptible to late blight disease caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans. Here we report that the genetic loss of host susceptibility is a new source of resistance to prevent or diminish pathogen infection. Previously, we showed that RNAi-mediated silencing of the potato susceptibility (S) genes StDND1, StDMR1, and StDMR6 leads to increased late blight resistance. The mechanisms underlying this S-gene-mediated resistance have thus far not been identified. In this study, we examined the infection process of P. infestans in StDND1-, StDMR1-, and StDMR6-silenced potato lines. Microscopic analysis showed that penetration of P. infestans spores was hampered in StDND1-silenced plants. In StDMR1- and StDMR6-silenced plants, P. infestans infection was arrested at a primary infection stage by enhanced cell death responses. Histochemical staining revealed that StDMR1- and StDMR6-silenced plants display elevated ROS levels in cells at the infection sites. Resistance in StDND1-silenced plants, however, seems not to rely on a cell death response as ROS accumulation was found to be absent at most inoculated sites. Quantitative analysis of marker gene expression suggests that the increased resistance observed in StDND1- and StDMR6-silenced plants relies on an early onset of salicylic acid- and ethylene-mediated signaling pathways. Resistance mediated by silencing StDMR1 was found to be correlated with the early induction of salicylic acid-mediated signaling. These data provide evidence that different defense mechanisms are involved in late blight resistance mediated by functional impairment of different potato S-genes.
Overexpression of VqWRKY31 enhances powdery mildew resistance in grapevine by promoting salicylic acid signaling and specific metabolite synthesis
Authors: Yin Wuchen , Wang Xianhang , Liu Hui , Wang Ya , van Nocker Steve , Tu Mingxing , Fang Jinghao , Guo Junqiang , Li Zhi , Wang Xiping 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Powdery mildew (PM), caused by the fungal pathogen Erysiphe necator, is one of the most destructive diseases of grapevine (Vitis vinifera and other Vitis spp.). Resistance to PM is an important goal for cultivar improvement, and understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms conditioning resistance is critical. Here, we report that transgenic expression of the WRKY transcription factor gene VqWRKY31 from the PM-resistant species Vitis quinquangularis conferred resistance to PM in V. vinifera through promoting salicylic acid signaling and specific metabolite synthesis. VqWRKY31 belongs to the WRKY IIb subfamily, and expression of the VqWRKY31 gene was induced in response to E. necator inoculation. Transgenic V. vinifera plants expressing VqWRKY31 were substantially less susceptible to E. necator infection, and this was associated with increased levels of salicylic acid and reactive oxygen species. Correlation analysis of transcriptomic and metabolomic data revealed that VqWRKY31 promoted expression of genes in metabolic pathways and the accumulation of many disease resistance-related metabolites, including stilbenes, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins. In addition, results indicated that VqWRKY31 can directly bind to the promoters of two structural genes in stilbene synthesis, STS9 and STS48, and activate their expression. Based on our results, we propose a model where VqWRKY31 enhances grapevine PM resistance through activation of salicylic acid defense signaling and promotion of specific disease resistance-related metabolite synthesis. These findings can be directly exploited for molecular breeding strategies to produce PM-resistant grapevine germplasm.
Interplays between auxin and GA signaling coordinate early fruit development
Authors: He Hai , Yamamuro Chizuko 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPhytohormones and their interactions are critical for fruit development and are key topics in horticulture research. Auxin, together with gibberellic acid (GA), promotes cell division and expansion, thereby regulating fruit development and enlargement after fertilization. Auxin- and GA-related mutants show parthenocarpy (fruit formation without fertilization of the ovule) in many plant species, indicating that these hormones and possibly their interactions play a key role in the regulation of fruit initiation and development. Recent studies have shown clear molecular and genetic evidence that ARF/IAA and DELLA proteins interact with one another and regulate both auxin and GA signaling pathways in response to auxin and GA during fruit growth in horticultural plants such as tomato (the most studied fleshy fruit) and strawberry (the model for Rosaceae). These recent findings provide new insights into the mechanisms by which the plant hormones auxin and GA regulate fruit development.
QTL mapping and genomic analyses of earliness and fruit ripening traits in a melon recombinant inbred lines population supported byde novoassembly of their parental genomes
Authors: Oren Elad , Tzuri Galil , Dafna Asaf , Rees Evan R , Song Baoxing , Freilich Shiri , Elkind Yonatan , Isaacson Tal , Schaffer Arthur A , Tadmor Yaakov , Burger Joseph , Buckler Edward S , Gur Amit 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEarliness and ripening behavior are important attributes of fruits on and off the vine, and affect quality and preference of both growers and consumers. Fruit ripening is a complex physiological process that involves metabolic shifts affecting fruit color, firmness, and aroma production. Melon is a promising model crop for the study of fruit ripening, as the full spectrum of climacteric behavior is represented across the natural variation. Using Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) population derived from the parental lines “Dulce” (reticulatus, climacteric) and “Tam Dew” (inodorus, non-climacteric) that vary in earliness and ripening traits, we mapped QTLs for ethylene emission, fruit firmness and days to flowering and maturity. To further annotate the main QTL intervals and identify candidate genes, we used Oxford Nanopore long-read sequencing in combination with Illumina short-read resequencing, to assemble the parental genomes de-novo. In addition to 2.5 million genome-wide SNPs and short InDels detected between the parents, we also highlight here the structural variation between these lines and the reference melon genome. Through systematic multi-layered prioritization process, we identified 18 potential polymorphisms in candidate genes within multi-trait QTLs. The associations of selected SNPs with earliness and ripening traits were further validated across a panel of 177 diverse melon accessions and across a diallel population of 190 F1 hybrids derived from a core subset of 20 diverse parents. The combination of advanced genomic tools with diverse germplasm and targeted mapping populations is demonstrated as a way to leverage forward genetics strategies to dissect complex horticulturally important traits.
Patients’ awareness of the Patients’ Rights Charter in selected hospitals of Limpopo province, South Africa
Authors: Thema Adolphina Mokgadi , Sumbane Gsakani Olivia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients’ awareness of their rights is important/critical because it creates a benchmark for effective nurse–patient communication and relationship. The objective of this study was to assess the patients’ awareness of the Patients’ Rights Charter in the selected hospitals of the Limpopo province, South Africa (SA).MethodsPhenomenological research design was used. In total, 30 patients were interviewed during their hospital stay. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires that inquired about their awareness of the Patients’ Rights Charter.ResultsResults showed that patients lacked awareness of the Patients’ Rights Charter and they could not give examples or mention the rights they have as patients. The study revealed that sources of information regarding the Patients’ Rights were limited.ConclusionsThe majority of the participants were not aware of Patients’ Rights. Most of the participants could not mention any of the rights listed in the Patients’ Rights Charter of SA. There is a need to have Patients’ Rights awareness day on the health calendar in SA.
Genetic parameters, heterosis, and breed effects for body condition score and mature cow weight in beef cattle
Authors: Ribeiro André Mauric F , Sanglard Leticia P , Snelling Warren M , Thallman R Mark , Kuehn Larry A , Spangler Matthew L 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Understanding the genetic relationship between mature cow weight (MWT) and body condition score (BCS) is useful to implement selection programs focused on cow efficiency. The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters, heterosis, and breed effects for MWT and BCS. In total, 25,035 and 24,522 overlapping records were available for MWT and BCS on 6,138 and 6,131 cows, respectively, from the Germplasm Evaluation program, a crossbred beef population at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center. Pedigree was available for 48,013 individuals. Univariate animal models were used to estimate heritabilities for each trait by parity. Bivariate animal models were used to estimate genetic correlations between parities within a trait and between traits within parities. Bivariate repeatability animal models were used to estimate genetic correlations between traits across parities. Estimates of heritability for different parities ranged from 0.43 ± 0.05 to 0.55 ± 0.07 for MWT and from 0.12 ± 0.03 to 0.25 ± 0.04 for BCS and were lower with the repeatability model at 0.40 ± 0.02 and 0.11 ± 0.01 for MWT and BCS, respectively. Estimates of repeatability were high for MWT (0.67 ± 0.005) and low for BCS (0.22 ± 0.006). Estimates of genetic correlation for MWT and BCS between parities were, in general, high, especially between consecutive parities. Estimates of genetic correlation between MWT and BCS were positive and moderate, ranging from 0.32 ± 0.09 to 0.68 ± 0.14. The direct heterosis estimates were 21.56 ± 3.53 kg (P ≤ 0.001) for MWT and 0.095 ± 0.034 (P ≤ 0.001) for BCS. Ordered by decreasing MWT, the breeds ranked Brahman, Charolais, Angus, Simmental, Salers, Hereford, Santa Gertrudis, Chiangus, Brangus, Red Angus, Shorthorn, Maine-Anjou, Gelbvieh, Beefmaster, Limousin, and Braunvieh. Ordered by decreasing BCS, the breeds ranked Brahman, Red Angus, Charolais, Angus, Hereford, Brangus, Beefmaster, Chiangus, Salers, Simmental, Maine-Anjou, Limousin, Santa Gertrudis, Shorthorn, Gelbvieh, and Braunvieh. Estimates of breed differences for MWT were also adjusted for BCS (AMWT), and in general, AMWT depicted smaller differences between breeds with some degree of re-ranking (r = 0.59). These results suggest that MWT and BCS are at least moderately genetically correlated and that they would respond favorably to selection. Estimates of breed differences and heterotic effects could be used to parameterize multibreed genetic evaluations for indicators of cow maintenance energy requirements.
Risk factors for long-term hip osteoarthritis in patients with hip dysplasia without surgical intervention
Authors: Melugin Heath P , Hale Rena F , Lee Dustin R , LaPrade Matthew D , Okoroha Kelechi R , Sierra Rafael J , Trousdale Robert T , Levy Bruce A , Krych Aaron J 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Hip dysplasia is a common cause of hip pain and a known risk factor for hip osteoarthritis (OA) and early total hip arthroplasty (THA). Unfortunately, little is known about the specific factors associated with an increased risk of OA. The purpose was (i) to report the overall rate of symptomatic hip OA and THA and (ii) to identify radiographic features and patient characteristics associated with the development of symptomatic hip OA. A geographic database was used to identify all patients aged 14–50 years old diagnosed with symptomatic hip dysplasia between 2000 and 2016. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to determine the rate of symptomatic hip OA, defined as a Tönnis grade of ≥1 on hip radiograph. Univariate and multivariate proportional hazard regression models were performed to determine risk factors for OA. One hundred and fifty-nine hips (144 patients) with hip dysplasia (52 F:107 M) out of 1893 patients with hip pain were included. Of these, 45 (28%) had severe hip dysplasia with a lateral center-edge angle ≤18°. Mean age at time of presentation was 26.1 (±10.1) years. Mean follow-up time was 8.2 (±5) years. The rate of OA was 20%. THA was performed in 11% of patients. Body mass index &gt;29 (P = 0.03) and increased age (P &lt; 0.01) were risk factors for OA. Patients with symptomatic hip dysplasia are at significant risk of developing hip OA. Body mass index &gt;29 and age ≥35 years at the time of presentation with hip pain were risk factors for hip OA.
Vector Competence and the Susceptibility of Anopheles pullus and Anopheles belenrae to Plasmodium vivax-Infected Blood From Thai Patients
Authors: Ubalee Ratawan , Kim Heung-Chul , Phasomkusolsil Siriporn , Tawong Jaruwan , Takhampunya Ratree , Kayha Amnart , Chairuksa Suparat , Buadok Waranya , Phunkitchar Vichit , Poole-Smith Betty K , Davidson Silas A , Lee Won-Ja , Klein Terry A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
There are eight Anopheles spp. present in the Republic of Korea (ROK), including five members of the Anopheles Hyrcanus Group that cannot be identified using current morphological methods. The vector competence of only Anopheles sinensis s.s., An. lesteri, and An. kleini have been investigated. As the geographical distribution of Anopheles spp. varies in the ROK, determining the relative vector competence of the Anopheles spp. provides a basis for delineating malaria risks to Korean populations and U.S. military/civilian populations deployed to the ROK. Anopheles belenrae and An. pullus, collected from a malaria high-risk area in the ROK, were evaluated for vector competence of P. vivax. A total of 1,000 each of An. dirus (Thai strain), and Korean strains of An. pullus and An. belenrae were fed on P. vivax infected blood collected from Thai patients via artificial membrane feeding. The overall oocyst infection rates for An. dirus, An. pullus, and An. belenrae dissected on days 8–9 postfeed were 64.1, 12.0, and 11.6%, respectively. The overall sporozoite infection rates for those species dissected on days 14–15 postfeed were 84.5, 3.4, and 5.1% respectively. The salivary gland sporozoite indices for positive females with +4 (&gt;1,000 sporozoites) were observed in An. dirus (72.8%), but not observed for either An. pullus or An. belenrae. Most sporozoite-positive An. pullus (83.3%) and An. belenrae (71.4%) females were observed with only +1 (1–10 sporozoites) salivary glands. These data indicate that both An. belenrae and An. pullus are very poor vectors of P. vivax.
An approach to complex texts in multiple documents
Authors: Robinson Peter M W 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article describes an approach to the treatment of texts in complex large textual traditions. Editors are interested in the text as it appears line-by-line in each document, and in how the versions of the text differ from document to document. It is useful to define a text as the record of an act of communication, inscribed in a document: thus, the instance of the act of communication we identify as Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, as it appears in the Hengwrt manuscript. In this view, every text has a dual aspect: it is both the words as they are inscribed in a particular document, and as they constitute an act of communication and its parts. This presents challenges for scholars who wish to record both aspects. In encoding implementations, these two aspects are commonly treated as ‘overlapping hierarchies’. However, the ‘overlapping hierarchy’ model does not deal with cases where text segments are not contiguous in either aspect and cannot overlap cleanly. To meet these cases, the Textual Communities project developed an architecture in which the two aspects are represented as distinct and independent hierarchies (trees), with text segments referenced to nodes on each tree. The linking of text segments to the two trees is managed by a JSON database, accessed through transcription and collation tools presented in a Web interface. Textual Communities does not implement the whole of this architecture in terms of validation, ingestion, and processing. Full exploration and implementation of the architecture here described are challenges for future scholars.
Reclaiming the Street in Toni Morrison’sJazz
Authors: Smith Alexandra 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe call and response protest chants of “Whose streets? Our streets!” that echo throughout city streets in the midst of Black Lives Matter protests and marches illustrate one of many ways in which US streets have been reclaimed and repurposed, particularly against police violence against brown and Black bodies. The street’s capacity to function as a site of converging, colliding, and contradicting perspectives and ideologies also functions as a rich, nuanced lens for reading literature. Proceeding from Michel Foucault’s theoretical framework that space is “fundamental to any exercise of power,” I read the representation of early twentieth-century Harlem and its network of streets in Toni Morrison’s Jazz (1992) as sites of “contradictory possibilities.” In Jazz, I argue, the street becomes a character unto itself: an artery that facilitates a sense of community, belonging, and play while simultaneously revealing tensions and temptations and harboring violence. These streets are also Black spaces, in stark contrast to the “dollar-wrapped fingers” of whiteness that poke and prod south of 110th street. As such, whiteness is physically decentered, allowing for the complexity of Black life to be explored in its movements in, through, and around the city streets. Building on Edward Soja's theory of “third space”—a combination of material and imaginative worlds—I argue that the novel opens up new possibilities for reclaiming the material street as a site where institutionalized violence and the systemic racism that feeds it can be subversively resisted.