bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Olivine Melt Inclusion Constraints on Some Intensive Properties of Subvolcanic Crystal Mushes and Their Evolution through Boundary Layer Fractionation in Northern Japan
Authors: Brahm R , Zellmer G F , Kuritani T , Sakamoto N , Yurimoto H , Nakagawa M , Sato E 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Magma differentiation in arc settings has usually been attributed to an interplay of processes (fractional crystallization, assimilation, and magma mixing). Homogeneous fractional crystallization has been widely used to model the magmatic evolution of volcanic systems in arc settings due to its simplicity, even though boundary layer fractionation (BLF) has been proposed as a preponderant process of differentiation in hydrous magmatic systems. Both models produce distinct compositional paths and the application of the wrong model yields erroneous estimates of parameters like pressure–temperature-H2O conditions and primary melt compositions. Melt inclusion (MI) populations corrected for post-entrapment processes have the potential to help discriminate between these two types of fractional crystallization, as their compositions are not affected by crystal accumulation and should capture the magmatic evolution as crystallization occurs. In this study, olivine-hosted MIs are used to assess the differentiation trends of basic arc magmas in northern Japan. Differentiation trends from five arc volcanic systems in northern Japan show that BLF is ubiquitous. Homogeneous fractionation models are unable to explain the liquid lines of descent of minor elements, like TiO2 and P2O5. To reproduce these differentiation trends, the presence of accessory phases like titanomagnetite or apatite are required, which in many cases are not equilibrated by the melt or need to be fractionated in amounts that are incompatible with homogeneous fractionation. The prevalence of BLF in all studied arc magmas of northern Japan indicates that solidification fronts are key environments in the crustal evolution of some hydrous subduction zone magmas.
FvWRKY48 binds to the pectate lyase FvPLA promoter to control fruit softening in Fragaria vesca
Authors: Zhang Wei-Wei , Zhao Shuai-Qi , Gu Si , Cao Xiao-Yan , Zhang Yu , Niu Jun-Fang , Liu Lu , Li An-Ran , Jia Wen-Suo , Qi Bao-Xiu , Xing Yu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The regulatory mechanisms that link WRKY gene expression to fruit ripening are largely unknown. Using transgenic approaches, we showed that a WRKY gene from wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca), FvWRKY48, may be involved in fruit softening and ripening. We showed that FvWRKY48 is localized to the nucleus and that degradation of the pectin cell wall polymer homogalacturonan, which is present in the middle lamella and tricellular junction zones of the fruit, was greater in FvWRKY48-OE (overexpressing) fruits than in empty vector (EV)-transformed fruits and less substantial in FvWRKY48-RNAi (RNA interference) fruits. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that the expression of pectate lyase A (FvPLA) was significantly downregulated in the FvWRKY48-RNAi receptacle. We determined that FvWRKY48 bound to the FvPLA promoter via a W-box element through yeast one-hybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift, and chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative polymerase chain reaction experiments, and β-glucosidase activity assays suggested that this binding promotes pectate lyase activity. In addition, softening and pectin degradation were more intense in FvPLA-OE fruit than in EV fruit, and the middle lamella and tricellular junction zones were denser in FvPLA-RNAi fruit than in EV fruit. We speculated that FvWRKY48 maybe increase the expression of FvPLA, resulting in pectin degradation and fruit softening.
Coupling freedom from disease principles and early warning from wastewater surveillance to improve health security
Authors: Larsen David A , Collins Mary B , Du Qian , Hill Dustin , Insaf Tabassum Z , Kilaru Pruthvi , Kmush Brittany L , Middleton Frank , Stamm Abigail , Wilder Maxwell L , Zeng Teng , Green Hyatt 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Infectious disease surveillance is vitally important to maintaining health security, but these efforts are challenged by the pace at which new pathogens emerge. Wastewater surveillance can rapidly obtain population-level estimates of disease transmission, and we leverage freedom from disease principles to make use of nondetection of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater to estimate the probability that a community is free from SARS-CoV-2 transmission. From wastewater surveillance of 24 treatment plants across upstate New York from May through December of 2020, trends in the intensity of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater correlate with trends in COVID-19 incidence and test positivity (⍴ &gt; 0.5), with the greatest correlation observed for active cases and a 3-day lead time between wastewater sample date and clinical test date. No COVID-19 cases were reported 35% of the time the week of a nondetection of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater. Compared to the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention levels of transmission risk, transmission risk was low (no community spared) 50% of the time following nondetection, and transmission risk was moderate or lower (low community spread) 92% of the time following nondetection. Wastewater surveillance can demonstrate the geographic extent of the transmission of emerging pathogens, confirming that transmission risk is either absent or low and alerting of an increase in transmission. If a statewide wastewater surveillance platform had been in place prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, policymakers would have been able to complement the representative nature of wastewater samples to individual testing, likely resulting in more precise public health interventions and policies.
Comparing Likelihood Ratios to Understand Genome-Wide Variation in Phylogenetic Support
Authors: Mount Genevieve G , Brown Jeremy M 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGenomic data have only sometimes brought resolution to the tree of life. Large phylogenomic studies can reach conflicting conclusions about important relationships, with mutually exclusive hypotheses receiving strong support. Reconciling such differences requires a detailed understanding of how phylogenetic signal varies among data sets. Two complementary strategies for better understanding phylogenomic conflicts are to examine support on a locus-by-locus basis and use support values that capture a larger range of variation in phylogenetic information, such as likelihood ratios. Likelihood ratios can be calculated using either maximum or marginal likelihoods. Despite being conceptually similar, differences in how these ratios are calculated and interpreted have not been closely examined in phylogenomics. Here, we compare the behavior of maximum and marginal likelihood ratios when evaluating alternate resolutions of recalcitrant relationships among major squamate lineages. We find that these ratios are broadly correlated between loci, but the correlation is driven by extreme values. As a consequence, the proportion of loci that support a hypothesis can change depending on which ratio is used and whether smaller values are discarded. In addition, maximum likelihood ratios frequently exhibit identical support for alternate hypotheses, making conflict resolution a challenge. We find surprising support for a sister relationship between snakes and iguanians across four different phylogenomic data sets in contrast to previous empirical studies. [Bayes factors; likelihood ratios; marginal likelihood; maximum likelihood; phylogenomics; squamates.]
Outcomes of Locking Plate Fixation With Spine Cage for Unstable Proximal Humeral Fractures in Elderly Patients
Authors: Cui Xueliang , Li Yanan , Chen Hui 
Published: March 2022

Objective:
To compare the clinical and radiological results of locking plate fixation with and without spine cage for the treatment of unstable proximal humeral fractures in elderly patients.

Design:
Retrospective study.

Setting:
Level 1 Trauma Center.

Patients/Participants:
A total of 62 patients with a mean age of 72.68 (60–88) years were included. Thirty-nine patients were treated with only a locking compression plate (LCP group), whereas 23 patients were treated with a locking compression plate and a spine cage (SC group). The mean follow-up was 32.26 (24–46) months.

Main outcome measures:
Radiological outcomes were assessed using the humeral head height and neck–shaft angle. The clinical results were evaluated using a visual analog scale for pain, the Constant–Murley score, the American Shoulder and Elbow score, and shoulder range of motion.

Results:
The average radiological changes in the humeral head height and neck–shaft angle were significantly higher in the LCP group than in the SC group (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). The final outcome scores were lower in the LCP group than in the SC group (Constant–Murley score of 73.26 vs. 78.91 [P = 0.028] and American Shoulder and Elbow score of 72.36 vs. 78.57 [P = 0.011]). The SC group showed better forward elevation (P = 0.005) and abduction (P = 0.001); however, no significant differences were observed for shoulder external or internal rotation. The number of complications was higher in the LCP group (38.5%) than in the SC group (13.0%) (P = 0.033).

Conclusions:
For unstable proximal humeral fractures with medial comminution in elderly patients, locking plate with an SC is a reasonable option to ensure satisfactory results and lower the postoperative complications.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Statistical Literacy in the Orthopaedic Trauma Population
Authors: Carlile Catherine R. , Rees Andrew , Boyce Robert H. , Mitchell Phillip M. 
Published: March 2022

Objective:
To evaluate the baseline level and demographic predictors of statistical literacy in orthopaedic patients who sustained traumatic injuries.

Design:
Prospective observational.

Setting:
Level 1 trauma center.

Patients:
One hundred ninety-eight patients presenting to the orthopaedic trauma clinic.

Intervention:
Berlin Numeracy Test (BNT) and General Health Numeracy Test-6 (GHNT-6).

Results:
When assessed using the BNT, 67% of patients had results that placed them into the lowest quartile of objective numeracy skills. Only 3.5% of patients had results that scored in the top quartile. Our multivariate ordinal regression model demonstrated lower education level (P = 0.01), and older age (P = 0.03) were significant predictors of poor performance on the BNT. The mean score on the GHNT-6 was 36% (SD 30%).

Conclusions:
In a cohort of traumatically injured patients, poor statistical literacy was common, occurring in more than two-thirds of patient surveyed. Older age and lower levels of education were predictive of poor BNT performance and should be considered when discussing surgical options, associated risks, and likelihood of potential complications.
Therapeutic developments in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease
Authors: Shi Yiwen , Fan Jiangao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has become one of the most prevalent chronic liver diseases worldwide, bringing risk of multiorgan disfunctions including cardiovascular events, complications of cirrhosis, and even malignance. In terms of health burden management, screening patients with high risk of MAFLD and providing individual comprehensive treatment is critical. Although there are numerous agents entering clinical trials for MAFLD treatment every year, there is still no effective approved drug. The nomenclature of MAFLD highlighted the concomitant metabolic disorders and obesity. MAFLD patients with type 2 diabetes had higher risk of developing liver cirrhosis and cancer, and would benefit from anti-hyperglycemic agents; overweight and obese patients may benefit more from weight loss therapies; for patients with metabolic syndrome, individual comprehensive management is needed to reduce the risk of adverse outcomes. In this review, we introduced the current status and advances of the treatment of MAFLD based on weight loss, improving insulin resistance, and management of cardiometabolic disorders, in order to provide individualized therapy approaches for patients with MAFLD.
Acquired Reactive Perforating Collagenosis Occurring in Association With Nonred Ink Tattoo
Authors: Grube Vanden L. , Safeer Laraib Z. , Hafeez Farhaan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Perforating dermatosis is a group of skin conditions in which there is transdermal elimination of collagen, elastic fibers, or other dermal connective tissue. Perforating dermatosis can be genetic or acquired, known as acquired perforating dermatosis (APD). When collagen is the primary extruded material in acquired cases, the disease is designated as acquired reactive perforating collagenosis (RPC). We report a case of acquired RPC occurring in a new tattoo. One week after having a new tattoo placed on the left forearm, a 38-year-old gentleman presented to the emergency room with pruritic, crusted plaques and erosions in the regions of red and green inks of the tattoo. Histopathologic examination of the biopsy revealed an ulceration with transepidermal elimination of collagen bundles accompanied by basophilic debris, scattered dermal tattoo pigment, and a superficial to deep perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltrate with scattered neutrophils and eosinophils. There have been 2 reported cases of tattoo-associated RPC, both in association with red tattoo ink. This present case is the first reported APD to occur in association with nonred tattoo ink. This case reaffirms the conclusions of others in recognizing APD as a potential tattoo-associated complication.
Hydrogen Sulfide Diminishes Activation of Adventitial Fibroblasts Through the Inhibition of Mitochondrial Fission
Authors: Lu Zhao-Yang , Guo Chun-Ling , Yang Bin , Yao Yao , Yang Zhuo-Jing , Gong Yu-Xin , Yang Jing-Yao , Dong Wen-Yuan , Yang Jun , Yang Hai-Bing , Liu Hui-Min , Li Bao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Activation of adventitial fibroblasts (AFs) on vascular injury contributes to vascular remodeling. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gaseous signal molecule, modulates various cardiovascular functions. The aim of this study was to explore whether exogenous H2S ameliorates transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)–induced activation of AFs and, if so, to determine the underlying molecular mechanisms. Immunofluorescent staining and western blot were used to determine the expression of collagen I and α-smooth muscle actin. The proliferation and migration of AFs were performed by using cell counting Kit-8 and transwell assay, respectively. The mitochondrial morphology was assessed by using MitoTracker Red staining. The activation of signaling pathway was evaluated by western blot. The mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential were determined by MitoSOX and JC-1 (5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1,3,3′-tetraethylbenzimidazolyl carbocyanine iodide) staining. Our study demonstrated exogenous H2S treatment dramatically suppressed TGF-β1–induced AF proliferation, migration, and phenotypic transition by blockage of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)–mediated mitochondrial fission and regulated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation. Moreover, exogenous H2S reversed TGF-β1–induced mitochondrial fission and AF activation by modulating Rho-associated protein kinase 1–dependent phosphorylation of Drp1. In conclusion, our results suggested that exogenous H2S attenuates TGF-β1–induced AF activation through suppression of Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission in a Rho-associated protein kinase 1–dependent fashion.
Repeatability of Corneal Hysteresis Measurements in Glaucoma Patients During Routine Follow Up and After Cataract Surgery
Authors: Zehavi-Dorin Tzukit , Kutzscher Anne E. , Badr Mai , Mora Marta , Shyu Yennie , Porco Travis C. , Stamper Robert L. 
Published: March 2022

Précis:
Corneal hysteresis (CH) measurements are relatively stable during routine follow up of glaucoma patients over an intermediate time frame. Cataract surgery does not change the CH significantly after an average follow up of 6 months.

Purpose:
The aim was to assess the repeatability of CH measurements in glaucoma patients over time, during routine follow up and after cataract surgery.

Materials and Methods:
Retrospective analysis of patients records in a glaucoma clinic where routine measurements by the Ocular Response Analyzer were done. Patients with at least 2 CH measurements were included. Repeatability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results:
A total of 164 eyes (87 patients) were included. Twenty-eight of them had measurements before and after cataract surgery with mean follow up time of 29.64±9.63 weeks. There was no evidence for a difference in CH between the before and after cataract surgery measurements (ICC=0.79, 95% confidence interval: 0.60-0.89). In the remaining 136 eyes, without any surgical treatment between measurements, there was moderate agreement among the repeated CH measurements (ICC=0.64, 95% confidence interval: 0.61-0.82) with mean time of 32.06±25.32 weeks between first and last measurement.

Conclusion:
CH measurements in glaucoma patients were repeatable over a 6-month period during routine follow up or following cataract surgery. These findings suggest that the intraocular pressure reduction following cataract surgery is unlikely to be because of a change in this biomechanical property.
The Relationship Between eHealth Literacy and Self-Efficacy Levels in Midwifery Students Receiving Distance Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: SÖGÜT Seda , CANGÖL Eda , DOLU İlknur 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic period, most university courses in Turkey have been taught via distance education. Beyond knowledge of digital technologies, self-efficacy is known to affect the learning motivation and learning goals of students.

Purpose
This study was conducted to determine the relationship between eHealth literacy and self-efficacy levels in midwifery students receiving distance education during the current COVID-19 pandemic. The research data were collected using a literature-based questionnaire developed by the researchers, the eHealth Literacy Scale for Adolescents, and the Online Technologies Self-Efficacy Scale. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0, with values of p < .05 considered to be significant.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic on a sample of 578 female midwifery students. Snowball sampling method was used for data collection using an online questionnaire.

Results
On the basis of the results, eHealth literacy and self-efficacy levels were relatively low in students who were 20 years old or below, who were in their first year, who were from low-income families, who spent less than an hour a day on the Internet, who had a low level of satisfaction with distance education, and who wanted to continue taking theoretical courses via distance education. In addition, self-efficacy related to online technologies was shown to be relatively low in students who found Internet services to be expensive, who had Internet connection problems, and who preferred asynchronous courses. Furthermore, a significant relationship was found between eHealth literacy and self-efficacy levels for online education.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice
In the context of distance education, integrating the teaching/promotion of self-efficacy with regard to eHealth literacy and online technologies into midwifery education curriculum should better enable midwives to increase the quality of healthcare they provide and improve patient safety.
Concussions and Injuries in Sledge Hockey: Grassroots to Elite Participation
Authors: Sobry Alexandra J. , Kolstad Ash T. , Janzen Leticia , Black Amanda M. , Emery Carolyn A. 
Published: March 2022

Objective:
To examine injury (including concussion) rates, location, type, mechanisms, and risk factors in sledge hockey players.

Design:
Cross-sectional survey.

Setting:
Sledge hockey players, worldwide, across all levels of play.

Participants:
Sledge hockey players (ages ≥14 years) who played in the 2019 to 2020 season were recruited through email, social media, and word of mouth communication.

Assessment of Risk Factors:
Participant characteristics (eg, age, sex, disability) were examined as potential injury risk factors.

Main Outcome Measures:
Injury rates (IR) and incidence rate ratios (IRR) examining potential risk factors were reported based on univariate Poisson regression analyses. Injury proportions by type, location, and mechanism were described.

Results:
Ninety-two players initiated the survey, and 77 (83.7%) provided some injury information. Forty-seven injuries included 16 concussions in 9 of 77 players (11.7%) and 31 non-concussion injuries in 20 of 77 players (26.0%) were reported. The overall IR was 13.2 injuries/1000 athlete-exposures [95% confidence interval (CI); 9.6-17.6]. The game IR (28.4 injuries/1000 game-exposures, 95% CI; 18.6-41.7) was higher than practice IR (4.4 injuries/1000 practice-exposures, 95% CI; 2.2-7.9) (IRR = 6.5, 95% CI; 3.1-14.5). The most common injury locations were the head (34.0%), wrist/hand (14.8%), and shoulder (10.6%). The most common significant injury types were concussion (36.2%) and bone fracture (8.5%). Body checking was the primary mechanism for injuries caused by contact with another player (42.1%) Age, sex, disability, and level of play were not found as injury risk factors.

Conclusions:
Concussions and upper extremity injuries were the most common sledge hockey injuries reported, with body checking being the most common mechanism. This research will inform development of prevention strategies in sledge hockey.
Solitary Lymph Node Metastasis From a Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor of the Thoracic Vertebra Revealed on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Xiao Liu , Li Yuhao , Li Lin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) of bone are rare. It is mainly located in the appendicular skeleton. The lung is the most common site of metastasis. Solitary lymph node metastasis is very rare. Herein, we report the imaging findings of MPNST in the first thoracic vertebra with lymph node metastasis in the left axillary region. On FDG PET/CT, these lesions had intense FDG uptake. This case highlights that solitary lytic thoracic vertebral lesion with intense FDG accumulation should regard MPNST as a differential diagnosis and that FDG PET/CT has an important role in the initial staging of MPNST.