bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inter‐operator and inter‐device reproducibility of shear wave elastography in healthy muscle tissues
Authors: Vuorenmaa Anna S. , Siitama Eetu M. K. , Mäkelä Katri S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeThe study aimed to assess whether the more limiting factor in reproducibility of shear wave elastography (SWE) would be the operator dependency or the incompatibility of different ultrasound (US) devices. The interrater agreement with less experienced operators was studied.MethodsA total of 24 healthy volunteers participated in the study (18 females, 6 males; range of age 27–55 years). SWE of biceps brachii (BB) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles was performed on both sides from all participants in both longitudinal and transverse orientation of the transducer in respect to muscle fibers. Two operators repeated the SWE with two different US devices from different manufacturers (scanners 1 and 2).ResultsIntraclass correlation coefficient between the two operators was 0.91 (CI 0.88–0.93) for scanner 1 and 0.81 (CI 0.74–0.86) for scanner 2, respectively. Instead, there were significant differences in the SWE measurements between the two scanners, emphasizing in transverse orientation of the transducer. In the transverse transducer orientation, the mean shear wave velocity (SWV) in TA was 1.45 m/s (standard deviation [SD] ± 0.35 m/s) with scanner 1 and 2.35 m/s (SD ± 0.83 m/s) with scanner 2 (p < 0.001). In BB, the mean transverse SWV was 1.49 m/s (SD ± 0.35 m/s) with scanner 1 and 2.29 m/s (SD ± 0.63 m/s) with scanner 2 (p < 0.001). In longitudinal transducer orientation, the mean SWV in TA was 3.00 m/s (SD ± 0.73 m/s) with scanner 1 and 3.26 m/s (SD ± 0.42 m/s) with scanner 2 (p = 0.050). In BB, the mean longitudinal SWV was 3.60 m/s (SD ± 0.77 m/s) with scanner 1 and 3.96 m/s (SD ± 0.62 m/s) with scanner 2 (p = 0.019). The presented mean values were obtained by operator 1, there were no significant differences in the SWE measurements performed by the two operators.ConclusionThe results implicate that the reproducibility of the SWE measurements depends rather on the used US device than on the operator. It is recommendable that clinics collect reference values with their own US device and consider threshold values presented in previous studies only directional.
Consistency in Change: Architecture for Optimistic Living
Authors: de Ostos Ricardo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBeacons of inspiration for generations of architects, Peter Cook’s drawings often have similar but differently expressed architectural preoccupations. Concerned with transparency, time and change, they choreograph ‘growies’ or ‘veggies’ and a wealth of typologies and topologies. Bartlett School of Architecture and Architectural Association design tutor Ricardo de Ostos takes us through some of his recent work.
Shallow to Deep: Drawing as Close Encounter
Authors: McGarry Michael 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTaking inspiration from a Frank Gehry sketch, Belgian architect Riet Eeckhout, through her process of ‘drawing out’, has produced a series of abstract works of considerable scale. Michael McGarry, Professor of Architecture at Queen's University Belfast, links her practice to the psycho‐geography of the Belgian landscape and the internal geometries of her house and street in Flanders.
A Moving Grove: Our Climate Future and Its Branching Possibilities
Authors: de Monchaux Nicholas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMIT Professor and Head of Architecture there, Nicholas de Monchaux explores the recent forays of Bartlett School of Architecture professors Mark Smout and Laura Allen into forestry, regreening and ecology, for example their ‘Rescue Lines’ drawing/table project, conceived in conjunction with LA‐based critic Geoff Manaugh and presented at the Venice Architecture Biennale in 2021. De Monchaux's wide‐ranging exposition offers further thoughts on the nature of drawing relative to Smout Allen's work, with reference to the underwater forest made by the timber piles below Venice.
An Unusual Carbon–Ceramic Composite with Gradients in Composition and Porosity Delivering Outstanding Thermal Protection Performance up to 1900 °C
Authors: Yan Meng , Hu Chenglong , Li Jian , Zhao Rida , Pang Shengyang , Liang Bin , Tang Sufang , Liu Gang , Cheng Hui–Ming 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDeveloping materials that do not ablate, which are thermally insulating and strong at temperatures above 1650 °C, is of prime importance for the thermal protection of aerospace vehicles, but remains a great challenge. Carbon aerogels (CAs) are attractive candidates for thermal protection due to their excellent thermostability and thermal insulation. However, their poor anti‐oxidative performance and difficulty in producing an anti‐oxidative refractory coating, as well as brittleness and low mechanical strength severely limit their practical use, especially in oxidizing environments. Here, an unusual carbon fiber‐reinforced carbon–ceramic composite with gradual changes in composition and pore size is reported. On the top is a carbon fiber‐reinforced SiCC modified by mullite‐Al2O3 and at the bottom is a carbon fiber‐reinforced analogous CA. The resulting material shows excellent ablation resistance, outstanding thermal insulation, extremely high thermostability, and strong load‐carrying capacity. Compared with conventional porous non‐ablative and thermal insulating materials with a working temperature of 1600 °C and a specific strength of 10 MPa g–1 cm–3, its respective values are increased to 1900 °C and 119 MPa g–1 cm–3. This work provides a new way to improve the ablation resistance property of nano‐porous carbon monoliths, and the carbon‐ceramic composite developed has great promise for ultra‐high temperature thermal protection in aerospace.
Facet Strain Strategy of Atomically Dispersed FeNC Catalyst for Efficient Oxygen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Yuan Yang , Zhang Qing , Yang Lin , Wang Liguang , Shi Wenbo , Liu Pengfei , Gao Rui , Zheng Lirong , Chen Zhongwei , Bai Zhengyu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIncreasing the portion of highly active metal centers in atomically dispersed MNC catalysts is significant for the overall oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance. A “facet strain strategy” is designed by using a trans‐layer compressive strain of the {110} facet of FeCo nanoparticles encapsulated in graphitic FeNC layers to further activate the primitive FeN4 catalytic centers on the graphitic sub‐layer that are omitted in commonly direct access activation strategies. Using X‐ray absorption near‐edge spectroscopy and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure, the highly active FeN4 type is detected with compressed FeN bonds. Density functional theory calculation discloses that, in virtue of lattice mismatch, FeCo {110} facets transmit a trans‐layer compressive strain to reconstruct the FeN4 sites on surrounding graphitic sub‐layers to optimize the Fe‐OH* adsorption energy in the rate‐determining step. The redesigned catalyst exhibits enhanced ORR activity, outperforming the primitive FeNC and commercial Pt/C benchmarks. This study will enrich insights toward developing MN4 and nanoparticle composite electrocatalysts.
Tunable Strong Coupling in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Nanowires
Authors: Li Jingang , Yao Kan , Huang Yun , Fang Jie , Kollipara Pavana Siddhartha , Fan Donglei Emma , Zheng Yuebing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSubwavelength optical resonators with spatiotemporal control of light are essential to the miniaturization of optical devices. In this work, chemically synthesized transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) nanowires are exploited as a new type of dielectric nanoresonators to simultaneously support pronounced excitonic and Mie resonances. Strong light–matter couplings and tunable exciton polaritons in individual nanowires are demonstrated. In addition, the excitonic responses can be reversibly modulated with excellent reproducibility, offering the potential for developing tunable optical nanodevices. Being in the mobile colloidal state with highly tunable optical properties, the TMDC nanoresonators will find promising applications in integrated active optical devices, including all‐optical switches and sensors.
Flexible Intelligent Sensing System for Plane Complex Strain Monitoring
Authors: Wan Yixin , Tao Juan , Dong Ming , Zhang Li , Peng Zhengchun , Bao Rongrong , Pan Caofeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFlexible strain sensing system has a broad application prospect in the field of personalized monitoring. Here, a flexible intelligent sensing system based on the synergistic effect of sensor technology, communication technology, and computer technology has been designed to monitor the strain distribution of the measured objects directly. The system consists of several sensing modules that can be customized according to actual needs, each of which is composed of flexible sensing arrays that can be closely attached to the surface of the object in different directions to obtain tiny strain signals. The single sensor using PDMS as the flexible substrate and Ni‐Au metal thin film as the sensing layer is easy to prepare and adjust the performance. By artificially fabricating bioinspired parallel cut‐through channel cracks on the metal thin film, high sensitivity in a small sensing range (gauge factor value up to 4500 for 1.4% strain), fast response time (25 ms), and excellent mechanical stability of nearly 2000 cycles of strain sensors are achieved. Meanwhile, combined with a PI‐based ultra‐thin flexible signal processing circuit, the system exhibits promoted flexibility, higher sensitivity, better adaptability to complex environments, and finally displays the 2D mapping of strain distribution precisely in each part of the measured object in real‐time on a computer. This flexible intelligent strain sensing system can work for deformation detection, damage monitoring, motion tracking, and other strain sensing fields.
Understanding the Origin of Degradation of InP‐Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Shin Dong Hyun , Lampande Raju , Kim Su Jeong , Jung Young Hun , Kwon Jang Hyuk 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe origin of degradation of InP‐QLED (quantum dot LED) is reported by comparing the stability of Cd‐QDs and organic Bebq2:Ir(mphmq)2(tmd) emissive layers (EMLs). The degradation causes of InP‐QLED are checked by measuring the stability of hole and electron only devices (HOD and EOD) against hole/electron, exciton stress, and hole/electron‐exciton stress conditions. The results show that the InP‐QDs layer is more vulnerable to exciton and electron‐exciton stress compared to the Cd‐QDs and Bebq2:Ir(mphmq)2(tmd) due to the increase of surface defects in the InP‐QDs after exciton and electron‐exciton stress, which increases non‐radiative Auger recombination process. However, InP‐QDs are relatively less stable against electron and hole stress than the Cd‐QDs and Bebq2:Ir(mphmq)2(tmd). To reduce the electron‐exciton stress on the InP‐QDs, an inverted red QLED with InP‐QDs:DBTA EML is fabricated. The QLED with InP‐QDs: hole transport layer (DBTA) shows a low driving voltage of 5.7 V, high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 10.2%, and longer lifetime (T50:557 h at 1000 cd m−2) than the reference InP‐QDs device (T50: 29 h at 1000 cd m−2).
First‐year Acacia seedlings are anisohydric “water‐spenders” but differ in their rates of water use
Authors: Cory Scott T. , Smith William K. , Anderson T. Michael 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPremiseFirst‐year seedlings (FYS) of tree species may be a critical demographic bottleneck in semi‐arid, seasonally dry ecosystems such as savannas. Given the highly variable water availability and potentially strong FYS–grass competition for water, FYS water‐use strategies may play a crucial role in FYS establishment in savannas and, ultimately, in tree–grass competition and coexistence.MethodsWe examined drought responses in FYS of two tree species that are dominant on opposite ends of an aridity gradient in Serengeti, Acacia (=Vachellia) tortilis and A. robusta. In a glasshouse experiment, gas exchange and whole‐plant hydraulic conductance (Kplant) were measured as soil water potential (Ψsoil) declined. Trajectory of the Ψleaf/Ψsoil relationship during drought elucidated the degree of iso/anisohydry.ResultsBoth species were strongly anisohydric “water‐spenders,” allowing rapid wet‐season C gain after pulses of moisture availability. Despite being equally vulnerable to declines in Kplant under severe drought, they differed in their rates of water use. Acacia tortilis, which occurs in the more arid regions, initially had greater Kmax, transpiration (E), and photosynthesis (Anet) than A. robusta.ConclusionsThis work demonstrates an important mechanism of FYS establishment in savannas: Rather than investing in drought tolerance, savanna FYS maximize gas exchange during wet periods at the expense of desiccation during dry seasons. FYS establishment appears dependent on high C uptake during the pulses of water availability that characterize habitats dominated by these species. This study increases our understanding of species‐scale plant ecophysiology and ecosystem‐scale patterns of tree–grass coexistence.
Mixed models for the relationship between latitude, temperature, and human postcranial form
Authors: Savell Kristen R. R. , Katz David C. , Weaver Timothy D. , Auerbach Benjamin M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe global distribution of human body proportions has long been attributed to thermoregulatory adaptation to climate. However, latitude has been the most common proxy for climate across ecogeographic studies. If thermoregulation was driving post‐cranial evolution, temperature should provide a better explanation for the morphological patterns observed than latitude, which encompasses temperature and other variables, as well as major events in human migration history. We investigate relationships between latitude, temperature, and postcranial form by distinguishing the strength of these potential selective factors from population structure.Materials & MethodsQuantitative genetic multivariate mixed models were used to estimate morphological effects associated with latitude, minimum temperature, and maximum temperature using osteometric data from 31 globally distributed groups, geographically matched genetic data from 54 groups, and geographically matched temperature data.ResultsDimensions reflecting body size (bi‐iliac breadth/femoral head size) show independent evolutionary responses from limb lengths. In models including population history, only dimensions reflecting body size show evidence of response to directional selection. Model results indicate that selection in response to minimum temperature has shaped evolution in body breadth and femoral head size. Models for limb length evolution accounting for population history match results of prior studies, but do not indicate responses to temperature‐driven directional selection.ConclusionsThis study highlights the importance of considering multiple potential sources of selection within a multivariate evolutionary model, demonstrating the possible synergistic effects of selective pressures. These results complicate the classic thermoregulatory model of human postcranial evolution and show that factors other than temperature may have shaped post‐cranial evolution in humans.
Toward rational use of cognitive training in those with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Hampstead Benjamin M. , Stringer Anthony Y. , Iordan Alexandru D. , Ploutz‐Snyder Robert , Sathian K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe term cognitive training includes a range of techniques that hold potential for treating cognitive impairment caused by neurologic injury and disease. Our central premise is that these techniques differ in their mechanisms of action and therefore engage distinct brain regions (or neural networks). We support this premise using data from a single‐blind randomized‐controlled trial in which patients with mild cognitive impairment were randomized to either mnemonic strategy training (MST) or spaced retrieval training (SRT) as they learned ecologically relevant object‐location associations. Both training approaches were highly effective in the short term, but MST demonstrated a clear advantage after days to weeks. MST also increased activation in and functional connectivity between frontal, temporal, and parietal regions as well as the hippocampus. In contrast, patterns of reduced activation and functional connectivity were evident following SRT. These findings support the rational development of cognitive training techniques.
Modulation of the Itaconate Pathway Attenuates Murine Lupus
Authors: Blanco Luz P. , Patino‐Martinez Eduardo , Nakabo Shuichiro , Zhang Mingzeng , Pedersen Hege L. , Wang Xinghao , Carmona‐Rivera Carmelo , Claybaugh Dillon , Yu Zu‐Xi , Desta Equar , Kaplan Mariana J. 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveItaconic acid, a Krebs cycle–derived immunometabolite, is synthesized by myeloid cells in response to danger signals to control inflammasome activation, type I interferon (IFN) responses, and oxidative stress. As these pathways are dysregulated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we investigated the role of an itaconic acid derivative in the treatment of established murine lupus.MethodsFemale (NZW × NZB)F1lupus‐prone mice were administered 4‐octyl itaconate (4‐OI) or vehicle starting after clinical onset of disease (30 weeks of age) for 4 weeks (n = 10 mice /group). At 34 weeks of age (peak disease activity), animals were euthanized, organs and serum were collected, and clinical, metabolic, and immunologic parameters were evaluated.ResultsProteinuria, kidney immune complex deposition, renal scores of severity and inflammation, and anti‐RNP autoantibodies were significantly reduced in the 4‐OI treatment group compared to the vehicle group. Splenomegaly decreased in the 4‐OI group compared to vehicle, with decreases in activation markers in innate and adaptive immune cells, increases in CD8+ T cell numbers, and inhibition of JAK1 activation. Gene expression analysis in splenocytes showed significant decreases in type I IFN and proinflammatory cytokine genes and increased Treg cell–associated markers in the 4‐OI group compared to the vehicle group. In human control and lupus myeloid cells, 4‐OI in vitro treatment decreased proinflammatory responses and B cell responses.ConclusionsThese results support targeting immunometabolism as a potentially viable approach in autoimmune disease treatment, with 4‐OI displaying beneficial roles attenuating immune dysregulation and organ damage in lupus.
Recent Advances in Electrocarboxylation with CO2
Authors: Wang Siyi , Feng Tian , Wang Yanwei , Qiu Youai 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) is an abundant, inexpensive, renewable C1 resource and the main component of greenhouse gas, thereby the research for its sustainable and efficient conversion has received notable attention in recent years. Electrochemical organic synthesis, as a green and efficient synthetic method, is convinced to be an ideal approach for CO2 utilization. In this review, recent advances in electrocarboxylation with CO2 were summarized through different reaction types, which would disclose the great potential of electrocarboxylation in green organic synthesis.
Adaptive event‐triggered tracking control for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems with full‐state constraints
Authors: Lu Hang , Jiang Yan , Luo Shixian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes an adaptive event trigger‐based sample‐and‐hold tracking control scheme for a class of strict‐feedback nonlinear stochastic systems with full‐state constraints. By introducing a tan‐type stochastic Barrier Lyapunov function (SBLF) combined with radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs), which is used to approximate the nonlinear functions in backstepping procedures, an adaptive event‐triggered controller is designed. It is shown with stochastic stability theory that all the states cannot violate their constraints, and Zeno behavior is excluded almost surely. Meanwhile, all the signals of the closed‐loop systems are bounded almost surely and the tracking error converges to an arbitrary small compact set in the fourth‐moment sense. A simulation example is given to show the effectiveness of the control scheme.
Predictive capacity of a miRNA panel in identifying teratoma in post‐chemotherapy consolidation surgeries
Authors: Moore Joseph A. , Lehner Michael J. , Anfossi Simone , Datar Saumil , Tidwell Rebecca S. , Campbell Matthew , Shah Amishi Y. , Ward John F. , Karam Jose A. , Wood Christopher G. , Pisters Lois L. , Calin George A. , Tu Shi‐Ming 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the utility of a novel serum miRNA biomarker panel to distinguish teratoma from nonmalignant necrotic/fibrotic tissues or nonviable tumours in patients with NSGCT undergoing post‐chemotherapy consolidation surgery.Patients and methodsWe prospectively collected pre‐surgical serum samples from 22 consecutive testicular NSGCT patients with residual NSGCT after chemotherapy undergoing post‐chemotherapy consolidation surgery. We measured serum miRNA expression of four microRNAs (miRNA‐375, miRNA‐200a‐3p, miRNA‐200a‐5p and miRNA‐200b‐3p) and compared with pathologic findings at time of surgery. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed to assess the ability of these miRNA to differentiate between teratoma and necrosis or viable malignancy.ResultsTwenty‐two patients with NSGCT were split into two groups based on pathology at time of post‐chemotherapy consolidation surgery (teratoma group vs. necrosis/fibrosis/viable tumour group, i.e., NFVT). Patients with teratoma were older at diagnosis compared with those patients with NFVT (median age 28.7 vs. 23.9). Patients with NFVT were more likely to have embryonal carcinoma in their primary tumour (81.8% vs. 27.3%; p = 0.01). The majority of patients in both groups were stage III (63.6% vs. 72.7%). In this analysis, none of the miRNAs had good sensitivity or specificity to predict teratoma. There was no significant association between the expression levels of the miRNAs and the presence of teratoma. There was no statistically significant correlation between any of the miRNAs and teratoma size.ConclusionThis novel miRNA panel (miRNA‐375, miRNA‐200a‐3p, miRNA‐200a‐5p and miRNA‐200b‐3p) did not distinguish teratoma from nonmalignant necrotic/fibrotic tissues or nonviable tumours in patients with NSGCT undergoing post‐chemotherapy consolidation surgery.