bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defer no more: advances in the treatment and prevention of chronic hepatitis C virus infection in children
Authors: Honegger Jonathan R. , Gowda Charitha 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimens targeting hepatitis C virus (HCV) are now approved for young children. This review examines recent DAA experience in children, current treatment recommendations and challenges, and potential treatment-as-prevention strategies.

Recent findings
In 2021, the US FDA extended approval of two pan-genotypic DAA regimens, glecaprevir/pibrentasvir and sofosbuvir/velpatasvir, to children as young as age 3 years based on high success rates and reassuring safety profiles in registry trials. Similar performance has been replicated with real-world DAA use in thousands of adolescents and in limited reports of children with high-risk conditions, including cirrhosis, cancer, thalassemia and HIV-coinfection. Treatment without delay is now recommended in the USA for viremic children aged 3 years and up to prevent disease progression and future spread. To date, treatment expansion is limited by high rates of undiagnosed paediatric infection. Universal prenatal screening will aid identification of perinatally exposed newborns, but new strategies are needed to boost testing of exposed infants and at-risk adolescents. Postpartum treatment programmes can prevent subsequent vertical transmission but are hampered by low rates of linkage to care and treatment completion. These challenges may be avoided by DAA use in pregnancy, and this warrants continued study.

Summary
Paediatric HCV is now readily curable. Substantial clinical and public health effort is required to ensure widespread uptake of this therapeutic breakthrough.
Automated and manual segmentation of the hippocampus in human infants
Authors: Fel J. T. , Ellis C. T. , Turk-Browne N. B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe hippocampus, critical for learning and memory, undergoes substantial changes early in life. Investigating the developmental trajectory of hippocampal structure and function requires an accurate method for segmenting this region from anatomical MRI scans. Although manual segmentation is regarded as the “gold standard” approach, it is laborious and subjective. This has fueled the pursuit of automated segmentation methods in adults. However, little is known about the reliability of these protocols in human infants, particularly when anatomical scan quality is low from increased head motion or shorter sequences that minimize head motion. During a task-based fMRI protocol, we collected quiet T1-weighted anatomical scans from 42 sessions with awake infants aged 4–23 months. We first had two expert tracers manually segment the hippocampus bilaterally and assess inter-rater reliability. We then attempted to predict these manual segmentations using four protocols: average adult template, average infant template, FreeSurfer software, and Automated Segmentation of Hippocampal Subfields (ASHS) software. ASHS generated the most reliable hippocampal segmentations in infants, exceeding manual inter-rater reliability of the experts. Automated methods can thus provide robust hippocampal segmentations of noisy T1-weighted infant scans, opening new possibilities for interrogating early hippocampal development.HighlightsInter-rater reliability of manual segmentation of infant hippocampus is moderate.Template-based methods and FreeSurfer provide reasonably accurate segmentations.ASHS produces highly accurate segmentations, exceeding manual inter-rater reliability.
Experimental infection of Mexican free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) with SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Hall JS , Hofmeister E , Ip HS , Nashold SW , Leon AE , Malavé CM , Falendysz EA , Rocke TE , Carossino M , Balasuriya U , Knowles S 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus originated in wild bats from Asia, and as the resulting pandemic continues into its third year, concerns have been raised that the virus will expand its host range and infect North American wildlife species, including bats. Mexican free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis: TABR) live in large colonies in the southern United States, often in urban areas, and as such, could be exposed to the virus from infected humans. We experimentally challenged wild TABR with SARS-CoV-2 to determine the susceptibility, reservoir potential, and population impacts of infection in this species. Of nine bats oronasally inoculated with SARS-CoV-2, five became infected and orally excreted moderate amounts of virus for up to 18 days post inoculation. These five subjects all seroconverted and cleared the virus before the end of the study with no obvious clinical signs of disease. We additionally found no evidence of viral transmission to uninoculated subjects. These results indicate that while TABR are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, infection of wild populations of TABR would not likely cause mortality. However, the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from TABR to or from humans, or to other animal species, is a distinct possibility requiring further investigation to better define.
The mediating role of work–family conflict on role overload and job stress linkage
Authors: Dodanwala Tharindu C. , Santoso Djoen San , Shrestha Pooja 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThe present study first explored the different dimensions of work–family conflict and job stress. It then evaluated the mediating role of time and strain-based work–family conflict on the relationship between role overload and psychological stress and role overload and physiological stress.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilized a quantitative data collection approach through a questionnaire design. With the aid of the questionnaire, 308 samples were collected from the project-level staff of ten construction organizations in Sri Lanka. The collected data were analyzed using a structural equation modeling approach to address the research hypotheses.FindingsResults supported the mediating role of work–family conflict on the relationship between role overload and job stress. Specifically, the time and strain-based work–family conflict combined partially mediated the effect of role overload on psychological stress. While strain-based work–family conflict fully mediated the effect of role overload on physiological stress. Hence, the organizations that seek employee well-being should focus on developing a conducive working environment with a focus on a reasonable workload for everyone. Besides, the management should give special consideration to working hours as it affects both the employees' stress levels and family life.Originality/valueThis study added the mediating role of time and strain-based work–family conflict to the previous empirical research on the relationship between role overload and job stress dimensions. Besides, this study discusses the different dimensions of work–family conflict and job stress, which is a less explored area in the construction literature.
Entrepreneurial orientation in family firms: the effects of long-term orientation
Authors: Seyed Kalali Nader 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThis paper aims to shed light on the relationship between long-term orientation (LTO) and the dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) in family firms while adopting a stewardship perspective.Design/methodology/approachA survey of the top managers of family firms in Iran's science and technology parks was conducted, and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the collected data.FindingsThe research results showed that LTO has a positive effect on innovativeness and proactiveness and a negative effect on riskiness. Therefore, family firms' LTO pays off by enhancing their EO.Practical implicationsIn today's competitive world, EO is gradually becoming an inevitable necessity in many industries. Executives who want their firms to have a high level of performance should pay special attention to entrepreneurial behaviors. The present research informs the family firms' managers and practitioners to be long-term oriented to embrace more innovativeness and proactiveness, and less riskiness.Originality/valueSo far, the relationship between the LTO and entrepreneurial characteristics of family firms has remained ambiguous; this research is one of the first studies investigating this relationship.
Debt dynamic, debt dispersion and corporate governance
Authors: Tut Daniel 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThis paper addresses the following questions: Why do some firms employ multiple debt types? What explains debt heterogeneity? Is the choice of the source of debt a function of corporate governance?Design/methodology/approachThe author's paper is empirical and uses multiple regression analysis.FindingsFirms under weak corporate governance have a higher propensity to use multiple debt types and have a dispersed debt structure. Contrastingly, firms that are well-managed tend to concentrate debt and borrow predominantly from a few creditors. The author also found that while bank debt is negatively associated with debt concentration, market debt is positively associated with debt concentration.Research limitations/implicationsFirms under weak corporate governance have a higher propensity to use multiple debt types and have a dispersed debt structure. Well-managed firms tend to concentrate debt and borrow predominantly from a few creditors. Bank debt is negatively associated with debt concentration and market debt is positively associated with debt concentration.Practical implicationsPolicymakers and practitioners need to account not only for changes in the firm’s total debt level but also for changes within the firm’s debt composition. Understanding a manager’s choice of debt structure can incentivize creditors to effectively monitor and use debt concentration as a form of commitment device that transfers some control rights from the manager to creditors.Originality/valueWhile a vast body of corporate finance literature examines the conflict between shareholders and management, there is little empirical work on the conflict between creditors and management. In this paper, the author examines how managerial entrenchment affects debt structure. The results provide a comprehensive picture of how corporate governance influences debt choice(s).
An unintended consequence of flexible work arrangements (FWAs) – the role of peer resentment on turnover intentions in public accounting
Authors: Calhoun Magan , McCarthy Vikkie 
Published: July 2022

PurposeAs public accounting firms continue to leverage technology to retain and recruit employees, options for flexible work arrangements (FWAs) expand. However, offering FWAs may not be enough. This study aims to investigate the influence of FWAs on perceived peer resentment and turnover intentions in public accounting. A mediation effect of perceived peer resentment between types of FWAs used and turnover intentions is explored.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis is based on survey data collected from a total of 212 respondents currently or recently working in public accounting. Hypotheses have been tested using ordinary least squares regression and the PROCESS macro in SPSS.FindingsStudy findings indicate that the number of types of FWAs used and perceived peer resentment positively influence turnover intentions.Research limitations/implicationsThis study explores developments in retaining and recruiting employees when public accounting firms implement FWAs. In particular, it discusses a new potential unintended consequence, perceived peer resentment toward employees using FWAs.Practical implicationsPublic accounting firms that seek to retain and recruit top talent must go beyond offering various forms of FWAs if they intend to reduce turnover in their firms. This study provides evidence that peer relationships play a greater role in the turnover intention process when FWAs are used.Originality/valueThis study is among a few which examine the variable perceived peer resentment in relationship to FWAs and its influence on turnover in public accounting firms.
Financial services and firm performance, are there any differences by size? Worldwide evidence using firm-level data
Authors: Elouaourti Zakaria , Ezzahid Elhadj 
Published: July 2022

PurposeDo financial services needs depend on the firm size? To highlight the impact of different categories of financial services on firm performance, we establish a correspondence between financial services and firms' performance classified according to their size, controlling with the determinants of firm performance and the obstacles that hinder the development of each category of firm.Design/methodology/approachWe have mobilized microeconomic data on 78,629 firms stratified by size and covering 135 countries, extracted from the Enterprise Surveys database. A two-stage least squares (2SLS) regression analysis with instrumental variable modeling is used.FindingsOur empirical results show that a firm's financing behavior differs according to its size. For micro and small firms, the availability of internal financing has a positive impact on their performance. For medium-size firms, the use of debt stimulates firm performance. For large firms, the positive effect of debt diminishes as the level of debt increases, which leads this category of firms to increase their capital. We complemented our study by exploring the issue of whether barriers to firm performance differ by size. Our results bring a support to the idea that medium-size firms suffer more than micro, small, and large firms. The size of this category of firms does not allow them to operate in the informal sector as micro and small firms do, and does not allow them to influence political authorities to operate in their favor as large firms do.Originality/valuePrevious studies have focused on investigating the effects of access to finance and/or financing constraints on firm's performance, neglecting the issue of identifying which financial services have the most impact on firm performance depending on firms' size. This study fills the gap in the literature in two main ways. First, we identify the financial services that have the most impact on firm performance using firm-level data covering 78,629 firms by size (micro, small, medium, and large). Second, we investigate the different barriers to firm performance by size.
Linking knowledge search to knowledge creation: the intermediate role of knowledge complexity
Authors: Hou Tianyu , Li Julie Juan , Lin Jun 
Published: July 2022

PurposeKnowledge search is considered a broad concept and semi-intentional behavior. The path and boundary conditions through which search strategies affect intra-organizational knowledge creation remain elusive. Drawing on recombinant search theory and knowledge-based view, the authors seek to identify knowledge complexity as an important intermediate variable between knowledge search and innovation performance, such as research and development (R&D) output and R&D output quality. A second goal of this study is to examine the moderating roles of government support and technological turbulence.Design/methodology/approachThe authors employed a longitudinal panel of 609 global pharmaceutical firms and obtained the firms' patent records from 1980 to 2015 for the analysis. The authors used generalized estimating equations (GEE) to evaluate the models and tested the consistency via panel fixed-effects estimations.FindingsThe authors' findings show that organizational routine-guided search has a negative effect on knowledge complexity, while routine-changing search exerts a positive impact on knowledge complexity. Governmental support and technological turbulence moderate these relationships. Notably, knowledge complexity has an inverted U-shaped relationship with innovation performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors' research context, the pharmaceutical industry, may constrain the generalizability of our findings. In addition, potential types of routine-guided and routine-changing search behaviors were not considered.Practical implicationsDespite these limitations, this study offers important implications. First, knowledge complexity transmits the effects of knowledge search on innovation performance. Practitioners should balance routine-guided and routine-changing search processes to build and manage complex knowledge. Second, a moderate level of knowledge complexity is the key to good R&D output and R&D output quality.Originality/valueThe study identifies knowledge complexity as one important intermediate variable between knowledge search behaviors and intra-organizational knowledge creation.
How the “invisible diaspora hand” moves brands and places
Authors: Cova Bernard 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThis paper aims to discuss the notion of displacement, which refers on the one hand to the displacement faced by a diaspora and on the other hand to the diaspora’s hijacking of brands from their home country.Design/methodology/approachThis is a conceptual paper supported by empirical evidence in the form of three case vignettes of brand hijacks by diasporas or reverse diasporas.FindingsThe three case vignettes show how the displacement does not only exist on the side of the brands; it is also found in the culture of the host country or the country of origin which is changed by the appropriation of the brand made by the (reverse) diaspora.Practical implicationsThis paper argues why it is important for both consumer culture studies and brand culture research to pay more attention to the role of the “invisible diaspora hand.” Although sustained by some qualitative evidence, the paper is a theoretical construction that needs to be discussed and challenged.Originality/valueThis paper answers calls to go beyond space and place when it comes to market spatiality and to introduce other geographical concepts like diaspora.
Development of wearable system for carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Iftikhar Fatima , Anis Suleman , Asad Umar Bin , Riaz Shagufta , Rafiq Muntaha , Naeem Salman 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a hand disease caused by the pressing of the median nerve present in the palmar side of the wrist. It causes severe pain in the wrist, triggering disturbance during sleep. Different products like splints, braces and gloves are available in the market to alleviate this disease but there was still a need to improve the wearability, comfort and cost of the product. This study was about designing a comfortable and cost-effective wearable system for mild-to-moderate CTS. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) therapy has been used to reduce the pain in the wrist.

Design/methodology/approach
After simulation by using Proteus software (which allowed the researchers to draw and simulate electrical circuits using ISIS, ARES and PCB design tools virtually), the circuit with optimum frequency, i.e. 33 Hz was selected, and the circuit was developed on a printed circuit board (PCB). The developed circuit was integrated successfully into the half glove structure.

Findings
The developed product had good thermophysiological comfort and hand properties as compared to the commercially available product of the same kind. In vivo testing (It involves the testing with living subjects like animals, plants or human beings) was performed which resulted in 85% confirmed viability of the product against CTS. A glove with an integrated circuit was developed successfully to accommodate various sizes without any sex specifications in a cost-effective way to mitigate the issue of CTS.

Research limitations/implications
Industrial workers, individuals frequently using their hands or those diagnosed with CTS may wish to use this product as therapy. The attention could not be paid to the aesthetic or visual appeal of the developed product.

Originality/value
A very comfortable glove with integrated TENS electrodes was developed successfully to accommodate various sizes without any sex specifications in a cost-effective way to mitigate the issues of CTS.
Perceived neighborhood crime and health: a multilevel analysis for Turkey
Authors: Kose Tekin , Orak Nur 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
Crime has notable impacts on health outcomes of individuals through various pathways. This study aims to explore relationships between perceived neighborhood crime and health statuses of individuals in Turkey.

Design/methodology/approach
This study combines individual- and household-level data from a national household survey and regional-level data for empirical analyses. A multilevel estimation framework is used for quantification of associations between a perceived neighborhood crime indicator and an individual-level health status index.

Findings
Empirical findings indicate that perceived neighborhood crime level has a negative relationship with health indexes of Turkish individuals. Additionally, health index is significantly associated with individual- and household-level covariates.

Practical implications
Public policies for health and safety improvements should consider heterogeneities in characteristics of individuals and households in developing regions of the world.

Originality/value
Earlier findings on associations of crime and health measures mostly rely on evidence from developed regions of the world. This research complements the related literature by providing empirical analysis of associations between perceived neighborhood crime and health outcomes for a developing country, Turkey.
How corporate social responsibility explains salespeople’s job performance: the influence of responsible leadership
Authors: Castro-González Sandra , Bande Belén , Vila-Vázquez Guadalupe 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this study is understanding how companies can improve sales force performance is a key issue. Despite this, the study of the impact that corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices might have on salespeople’s performance has been neglected in the sales literature.Design/methodology/approachUsing data provided by 176 salesperson–supervisor dyads and through structural equation modeling and conditional process analysis, empirical evidence confirms the hypotheses.FindingsCertainly, the findings confirm that salespeople’s performance is influenced by their CSR perception, not directly but through their pride and organizational commitment. Furthermore, the results improve when considering the intervention of a responsible leader. The paper also identifies the management implications and makes some recommendations for upcoming studies.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to fill this gap by examining the effect of salespeople’s CSR perception on their job performance through organizational pride and organizational commitment. Additionally, it is suggested that the exercise of responsible leadership by the supervisor strengthens the previous indirect relationship, moderating the influence of salesperson’s organizational pride on their commitment.