bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep learning based image steganography: A review
Authors: Wani Mohd Arif , Sultan Bisma 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA review of the deep learning based image steganography techniques is presented in this paper. For completeness, the recent traditional steganography techniques are also discussed briefly. The three key parameters (security, embedding capacity, and invisibility) for measuring the quality of an image steganographic technique are described. Various steganography techniques, with emphasis on the above three key parameters, are reviewed. The steganography techniques are classified here into three main categories: Traditional, Hybrid, and fully Deep Learning. The hybrid techniques are further divided into three sub‐categories: Cover Generation, Distortion Learning, and Adversarial Embedding. The fully Deep Learning techniques, based on the nature of the input, are further divided into three sub‐categories: GAN Embedding, Embedding Less, and Category Label. The main ideas of the important deep learning based steganography techniques are described. The strong and weak features of these techniques are outlined. The results reported by researchers on benchmark data sets CelebA, Bossbase, PASCAL‐VOC12, CIFAR‐100, ImageNet, and USC‐SIPI are used to evaluate the performance of various steganography techniques. Analysis of the results shows that there is scope for new suitable deep learning architectures that can improve the capacity and invisibility of image steganography.This article is categorized under:
Technologies > Computational Intelligence
Technologies > Machine Learning
Technologies > Artificial Intelligence
Blurring the Boundaries of Intimate Relationships: Friendship and Networks of Care in Times of Precarity
Authors: Gusmano Beatrice 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFriendship can release intimacy from the normativity imposed by heteronormativity, monomaternalism and mononormativity. In the Mediterranean welfare regime, care is supposed to be granted by the family, and LGBTQ partners, mothers and friends are not legitimized in their desire to have more than one intimate relationship at a time, to parent and to live a satisfactory life beyond the couple. Therefore, through the subversive and transformative power of friendship, LGBTQ people question relational normativity, blur the boundaries of intimate relationships and redefine care. Taking into account the language used to make friendship intelligible in the neoliberalism, I describe these networks as “complicit”: they entail a multidimensionality of intimacy rooted in emotional and psychological assistance, companionship, pleasure, economic and material support, beauty and imagination.
Labour Market Integration as an Interactive Process
Authors: Triandafyllidou Anna , Isaakyan Irina , Baglioni Simone 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter presents the analytical framework of this volume, arguing that an interpretive-biographical methodology for analysing labour market integration can highlight the many ways in which migrants exercise agency both materially in shaping their lives but also cognitively and emotionally in making sense of what is happening to them, taking decisions and following specific courses of action. The chapter introduces the notion of turning points and epiphanies as a new approach to labour market integration that goes beyond ticking boxes of who has a job. It also looks into the employment trajectories of migrants, asylum seekers, and refugees. After elaborating on the interpretive biographical methodology and its tools, this chapter briefly outlines the contents of this volume.
Examining Non-EU Migrants and Refugees’ Agency When Navigating the British Labour Markets
Authors: Calo Francesca , Baglioni Simone 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMigrants’ agency is a promising analytical tool and approach in migration and refugee studies as it shifts the focus of analysis (and attention) from the weaknesses or ‘faults’ of the migration experience to the opportunities and capacities it can generate for migrants and the community where they settle. Still, political, institutional, cultural, and economic contexts do keep exerting influence on migrants’ capacities to operate agency. This is particularly the case for migrants seeking humanitarian protection as they experience not only personal challenges and vulnerabilities, but also constraining legal and administrative barriers, preventing them, for example, to have their capacities duly recognised and valued. This chapter discusses how migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers’ agency helps them cope with adverse circumstances such as those promoted by obstructive policies and narratives in the United Kingdom. Eleven biographical interviews explore the life paths of migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers. The UK context presents a very challenging environment for their integration as legislation so far has been mainly based on increasing border control and decreasing entitlements, with scant attention to strategies of integration and inclusion. This chapter discusses how the political-institutional context influences the unfolding of such agency and how, in turn, agency provokes responses and adaptations from those contexts.
Resistance Is Useless! (And So Are Resilience and Reworking): Migrants in the Finnish Labour Market
Authors: Ndomo Quivine , Lillie Nathan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn Finland, integration is discussed in terms of labour market success. Finding work tends to occur in the ‘secondary’ labour market as migrants have difficulty accessing the more secure jobs of the ‘primary’ labour market. This chapter draws on 11 qualitative biographical narratives of migrants and refugees, looking for turning points and epiphanies about their job-seeking experiences. We classify these as agentic acts of resilience, reworking, and resistance, borrowing from Cindi Katz’s framework. Interviewees exhibited resilience in revising downward their expectations of what sort of job they would accept and how their career would develop. ‘Reworking’ was also often attempted, usually at a later stage and with limited success, through reskilling, or repackaging of existing skills to appear more desirable to employers. Resistance was rare and limited to exit from the Finnish labour market, rather than voice within it. We found that despite significant investment in their own human capital, macro structures such as segmented labour markets and unequal power relations limited the scope for their individual acts of resilience and reworking. Thus, while agency is useful for understanding migrant actions, overemphasising it obscures the role of labour market structures and employer recruitment practices – important bottlenecks to migrants moving from the secondary to primary labour market.
Migration to the Czech Republic: Personal Stories About Running from and Running Towards
Authors: Gheorghiev Olga , Numerato Dino 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe chapter focuses on micro perspectives expressed in individual trajectories of migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers (MRAs) in the Czech Republic. Drawing on 14 in-depth biographic interviews with MRAs, this chapter analyses biographies of labour market integration. Particular attention is given to critical moments or those critical life junctures we name turning points that generate epiphanic, life-changing experiences. This approach is inspired by Denzin’s conceptualisation of epiphanies. The chapter is structured as follows. We first provide background information on barriers to labour market integration at macro-, meso-, and micro- levels. Next, the chapter introduces the methodological approach and elaborates on the process of recruitment and interviewing. We then discuss the various contexts in which turning points and epiphanic experiences were described by the interviewed migrants. More specifically, we explore the critical junctures that led our participants to the decision of migrating. Next, we focus on epiphanies related to positioning in terms of social status and professional aspirations and, finally, we look at the transformative impacts of social interactions structured by discrimination.
Secure Human Identification Protocol with Human-Computable Passwords
Authors: Matelski Sławomir 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper we present a new method of secure human-computer identification, which remains safe also in untrusted systems and environments. This method allows the elimination of any supplementary gadgets/devices or theft-sensitive biometric data used by the Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA), and using only one secret as a universal private key for all obtainable online accounts. However, the features of this solution make it best suited for use by an mobile authenticator or by Authentication Authority with the Single-Sign-On (SSO) method of identity and access management, rather than for individual services. Such a key is used by our innovative challenge-response protocol to generate One-Time-Password, e.g., 6-digit OTP, could be calculated by a human in only 15 s, also offline on paper documents with an acceptable level of security required for post-quantum symmetric cyphers, thanks to the hard lattice problem with noise introduced by our new method, which we call Learning with Options (LWO). The secret has the form of an outline like a kind of handwritten autograph, designed in invisible ink on the mapping grid. The password generation process requires following such an invisible contour on the challenge matrix created randomly by the verifier and reading values from secret fields to calculate the OTP.
Local Maxima of White Noise Spectrograms and Gaussian Entire Functions
Authors: Abreu Luís Daniel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe confirm Flandrin’s prediction for the expected average of local maxima of spectrograms of complex white noise with Gaussian windows (Gaussian spectrograms or, equivalently, modulus of weighted Gaussian Entire Functions), a consequence of the conjectured double honeycomb mean model for the network of zeros and local maxima, where the area of local maxima centered hexagons is three times larger than the area of zero centered hexagons. More precisely, we show that Gaussian spectrograms, normalized such that their expected density of zeros is 1, have an expected density of 5/3 critical points, among those 1/3 are local maxima, and 4/3 saddle points, and compute the distributions of ordinate values (heights) for spectrogram local extrema. This is done by first writing the spectrograms in terms of Gaussian Entire Functions (GEFs). The extrema are considered under the translation invariant derivative of the Fock space (which in this case coincides with the Chern connection from complex differential geometry). We also observe that the critical points of a GEF are precisely the zeros of a Gaussian random function in the first higher Landau level. We discuss natural extensions of these Gaussian random functions: Gaussian Weyl–Heisenberg functions and Gaussian bi-entire functions. The paper also reviews recent results on the applications of white noise spectrograms, connections between several developments, and is partially intended as a pedestrian introduction to the topic.
Glass-box modeling for quality assessment of resistance spot welding joints in industrial applications
Authors: Santos José Ignacio , Martín Óscar , Ahedo Virginia , de Tiedra Pilar , Galán José Manuel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractResistance spot welding (RSW) is one of the most relevant industrial processes in different sectors. Key issues in RSW are process control and ex-ante and ex-post evaluation of the quality level of RSW joints. Multiple-input–single-output methods are commonly used to create predictive models of the process from the welding parameters. However, until now, the choice of a particular model has typically involved a tradeoff between accuracy and interpretability. In this work, such dichotomy is overcome by using the explainable boosting machine algorithm, which obtains accuracy levels in both classification and prediction of the welded joint tensile shear load bearing capacity statistically as good or even better than the best algorithms in the literature, while maintaining high levels of interpretability. These characteristics allow (i) a simple diagnosis of the overall behavior of the process, and, for each individual prediction, (ii) the attribution to each of the control variables—and/or to their potential interactions—of the result obtained. These distinctive characteristics have important implications for the optimization and control of welding processes, establishing the explainable boosting machine as one of the reference algorithms for their modeling.
Variational and phase response analysis for limit cycles with hard boundaries, with applications to neuromechanical control problems
Authors: Wang Yangyang , Gill Jeffrey P. , Chiel Hillel J. , Thomas Peter J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMotor systems show an overall robustness, but because they are highly nonlinear, understanding how they achieve robustness is difficult. In many rhythmic systems, robustness against perturbations involves response of both the shape and the timing of the trajectory. This makes the study of robustness even more challenging. To understand how a motor system produces robust behaviors in a variable environment, we consider a neuromechanical model of motor patterns in the feeding apparatus of the marine molluskAplysia californica(Shaw et al. in J Comput Neurosci 38(1):25–51, 2015; Lyttle et al. in Biol Cybern 111(1):25–47, 2017). We established in (Wang et al. in SIAM J Appl Dyn Syst 20(2):701–744, 2021.https://doi.org/10.1137/20M1344974) the tools for studying combined shape and timing responses of limit cycle systems under sustained perturbations and here apply them to study robustness of the neuromechanical model against increased mechanical load during swallowing. Interestingly, we discover that nonlinear biomechanical properties confer resilience by immediately increasing resistance to applied loads. In contrast, the effect of changed sensory feedback signal is significantly delayed by the firing rates’ hard boundary properties. Our analysis suggests that sensory feedback contributes to robustness in swallowing primarily by shifting the timing of neural activation involved in the power stroke of the motor cycle (retraction). This effect enables the system to generate stronger retractor muscle forces to compensate for the increased load, and hence achieve strong robustness. The approaches that we are applying to understanding a neuromechanical model inAplysia, and the results that we have obtained, are likely to provide insights into the function of other motor systems that encounter changing mechanical loads and hard boundaries, both due to mechanical and neuronal firing properties.
Importance and implications of exosomes in nephrology and urology
Authors: Mahl Lina , Ollig Johanna , Schweihofer Verena , Wiegand Lara , Torkler Phillipp , Haerteis Silke , Aung Thiha 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that are formed by two invaginations of the plasma membrane and can be released by all eukaryotic cells. Because of their bioactive contents, including nucleic acids and proteins, exosomes can activate a variety of functions in their recipient cells. Due to the plethora of physiological and pathophysiological functions, exosomes have received a lot of attention from researchers over the past few years. However, there is still no consensus regarding isolation and characterization protocols of exosomes and their subtypes. This heterogeneity poses a lot of methodical challenges but also offers new clinical opportunities simultaneously. So far, exosome-based research is still mostly limited to preclinical experiments and early-stage clinical trials since the translation of experimental findings remains difficult. Exosomes could potentially play an important role as future diagnostic and prognostic agents and might also be part of the development of new treatment strategies. Therefore, they have previously been investigated in a variety of nephrological and urological conditions such as acute kidney injury or prostate cancer.
First steps in the development of a support application for easy-to-read adaptation
Authors: Suárez-Figueroa Mari Carmen , Diab Isam , Ruckhaus Edna , Cano Isabel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe application of the easy-to-read (E2R) methodology is one of the ways to achieve cognitive accessibility and specifically, it is a path that guarantees the right of access to information of people with reading comprehension difficulties and thus improves their daily life. This methodology includes a set of guidelines and recommendations whose goal is to present clear and easily understood documents. Such guidelines are used in the manual processes of (a) adapting existing documents and (b) producing new materials. These processes are very time and human-resource consuming, due to the need of involving E2R experts as well as people with cognitive disabilities. In order to alleviate such manual processes, we are currently investigating the development of methods, based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, to support the E2R adaptation of documents in a (semi)-automatic fashion. The main goal of this research is to help E2R experts in their daily tasks of (a) assessing a particular document with respect to the E2R guidelines and (b) transforming such a document according to the E2R methodology. In this paper we present our initial efforts toward the development of an AI-based application for supporting the E2R adaptation of documents. These efforts are the elicitation of E2R needs and informal requirements and the design of an application called FACILE.
Use of Wild Rice (Zizania palustris L.) in Paddy-Scale Bioassays for Assessing Potential Use of Mining-Influenced Water for Irrigation
Authors: Tedrow O’Niell R. , Lee Peter F. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAs surface water resources become more intensely used, and occasionally non-useable, consideration of non-conventional water resources for anthropogenic use has become more prevalent. Potentially critical non-conventional water sources include flooded mine-pit lakes. However, water in these lakes can contain potentially problematic concentrations of contaminants of concern. We evaluated the potential use of elevated sulphate (SO4) mining-influenced waters with low to non-detect metals concentrations for irrigation of wild rice (Zizania palustris L.; WR), a culturally and economically important species. Two flow-through in-situ paddies were developed adjacent to two mine-pit lakes with differing chemical water characteristics; specifically, Pit A contained ≈350 mg SO4 L−1 and Pit C contained ≈1350 mg SO4 L−1. Throughout the course of multiple consecutive growing seasons, no adverse WR responses to these mining-influenced water exposures were observed. Based on data and observations from this study, potential use of mining-influenced waters containing elevated SO4 as the primary contaminant for appropriate irrigation purposes is supported. However, site-specific conditions and potential environmental risks must be considered prior to use of mining-influenced waters for anthropogenic applications.
Acute and chronic histopathological findings in renal biopsies in COVID-19
Authors: Volbeda Meint , Jou-Valencia Daniela , van den Heuvel Marius C. , Zijlstra Jan G. , Franssen Casper F. M. , van der Voort Peter H. J. , Moser Jill , van Meurs Matijs 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe dominant ICU admission diagnosis of COVID-19 patients is respiratory insufficiency, but 32–57% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients develop acute kidney injury (COVID-AKI). The renal histopathological changes accompanying COVID-AKI are not yet fully described. To obtain a detailed insight into renal histopathological features of COVID-19, we conducted a review including all studies reporting histopathological findings of diagnostic and postmortem kidney biopsies from patients with COVID-19 published between January 1, 2020, and January 31, 2021. A total of 89 diagnostic and 194 postmortem renal biopsies from individual patients in 39 published studies were investigated and were included in the analysis. In the diagnostic biopsy group, mean age was 56 years and AKI incidence was 96%. In the postmortem biopsy group, mean age was 69 years and AKI incidence was 80%. In the diagnostic biopsy group, the prevalence of acute glomerular diseases was 74%. The most common glomerular lesions were collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (c-FSGS) in 54% and thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) in 9% of patients. TMA was also found in 10% of patients in the postmortem biopsy group. The most common acute tubular lesions was acute tubular necrosis (ATN) which was present in 87% of patients in the diagnostic and in 77% of patients in the postmortem biopsy group. Additionally, we observed a high prevalence of preexisting chronic lesions in both groups such as atherosclerosis and glomerulosclerosis. Histopathological changes in renal biopsies of COVID-19 patients show a heterogeneous picture with acute glomerular lesions, predominantly c-FSGS and TMA, and acute tubular lesions, predominantly ATN. In many patients, these lesions were present on a background of chronic renal injury.
Graphical abstract
An efficient strategy for multi-GNSS real-time clock estimation based on the undifferenced method
Authors: Li Xingxing , Li Yuhao , Xiong Yun , Wu Jiaqi , Zheng Hongjie , Li Linyang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPrecise satellite clock product is an indispensable prerequisite for the real-time precise positioning service. To meet the requirement of numerous time-critical applications, real-time satellite clock corrections need to be broadcast to users with an update rate of 5 s or higher. With the rapid development of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) over the past decades, abundant GNSS tracking stations and modern constellations have emerged, and the computation for multi-GNSS real-time clock estimation has become rather time-consuming. In this contribution, an efficient strategy is proposed to achieve high processing efficiency for multi-GNSS real-time clock estimation, wherein undifferenced method based on sequential least square is adopted. In the proposed strategy, parallel data processing and high-performance matrix operations are introduced to accelerate the processing of multi-GNSS clock estimation. The former is based on OpenMP (Open Multi-Processing), while the latter is achieved by the implementation of the Schur complement and the open-source library OpenBLAS. Multi-GNSS observations from 85 globally distributed tracking stations are employed for the generation of real-time precise clock products. The average elapsed time per epoch with the proposed strategy is 0.35, 0.68, and 2.30 s for GPS-only, dual-system, and quad-system solutions, respectively. Compared to the traditional serial strategy, the computation efficiency is significantly improved by 76.0%, 77.3%, and 77.7%, respectively. The accuracy of the estimated clocks is evaluated with respect to IGS final GPS clock products and GFZ final multi-GNSS clock products (GBM0MGXRAP), and multi-GNSS real-time precise point positioning (PPP) experiments are further carried out. All the results indicate that the proposed strategy is efficient, accurate, and can promise high-rate multi-GNSS real-time clock estimation.