bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data‐driven approach for automatic detection of aortic valve opening: B point detection from impedance cardiogram
Authors: Sheikh Shafa‐at Ali , Gurel Nil Z. , Gupta Shishir , Chukwu Ikenna V. , Levantsevych Oleksiy , Alkhalaf Mhmtjamil , Soudan Majd , Abdulbaki Rami , Haffar Ammer , Vaccarino Viola , Inan Omer T. , Shah Amit J. , Clifford Gari D. , Bahrami Rad Ali 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPre‐ejection period (PEP), an indicator of sympathetic nervous system activity, is useful in psychophysiology and cardiovascular studies. Accurate PEP measurement is challenging and relies on robust identification of the timing of aortic valve opening, marked as the B point on impedance cardiogram (ICG) signals. The ICG sensitivity to noise and its waveform's morphological variability makes automated B point detection difficult, requiring inefficient and cumbersome expert visual annotation. In this article, we propose a machine learning‐based automated algorithm to detect the aortic valve opening for PEP measurement, which is robust against noise and ICG morphological variations. We analyzed over 60 hr of synchronized ECG and ICG records from 189 subjects. A total of 3657 averaged beats were formed using our recently developed ICG noise removal algorithm. Features such as the averaged ICG waveform, its first and second derivatives, as well as high‐level morphological and critical hemodynamic parameters were extracted and fed into the regression algorithms to estimate the B point location. The morphological features were extracted from our proposed “variable” physiologically valid search‐window related to diverse B point shapes. A subject‐wise nested cross‐validation procedure was performed for parameter tuning and model assessment. After examining multiple regression models, Adaboost was selected, which demonstrated superior performance and higher robustness to five state‐of‐the‐art algorithms that were evaluated in terms of low mean absolute error of 3.5 ms, low median absolute error of 0.0 ms, high correlation with experts' estimates (Pearson coefficient = 0.9), and low standard deviation of errors of 9.2 ms. For reproducibility, an open‐source toolbox is provided.
Say it again with feeling: Issue ownership and candidate communication using Twitter
Authors: Enders Adam M. , Gainous Jason , Wagner Kevin M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesWe investigate to what extent partisan political candidates in the United States pay attention to different issues in their campaign communication, and whether they systematically deliver messages using different types of sentiment.MethodsWe analyze the 267,538 tweets issued by candidates for the U.S. Congress during the 2018 midterm elections using a combination of latent topic modeling, sentiment analysis, and regression analysis, estimating both issue emphasis and the emotional tone of communications.ResultsWe find that candidates discussed a small number of distinct issues. Sentiment analysis reveals that the emotions used to convey these topics varied considerably more than interparty emphasis. Moreover, we observe that Democrats and Republicans discussed the same topics in very different ways, with Democrats—the out‐party at the time—proving more negative in their messaging.ConclusionsWhen partisans discuss those issues their respective parties “own,” there are asymmetries in the emotion they use to communicate about these issues. The concept and measurement of issue ownership are complicated.
Unworthy victims and threatening adversaries: Islam, Muslims, and U.S. foreign policy
Authors: Sandlin Evan W. , Simmons Daniel J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe examine the role of how a hostile discourse toward Islam influences American public opinion regarding U.S. foreign policy actions toward Muslim populations and Muslim‐majority nations.MethodsUsing a survey experiment with two vignettes, we test how Americans’ foreign policy preferences are affected by Islamic identity. In the first vignette, a minority group is facing ethnic cleansing. Second, a country is developing chemical weapons.ResultsWe find that Americans are less likely to see Muslim minorities abroad as under threat or to support costly foreign policy actions to assist them. We also find that Americans are more likely to see Muslim countries as threatening and to support the use of military force against Muslim states.ConclusionOur evidence suggests that the political effects of Islamophobia are not restricted to domestic policy but include foreign policy preferences too.
U.S. cities will not meet blood product resuscitation standards during major mass casualty incidents: Results of a THOR‐AABB working party prospective analysis
Authors: Cannon Jeremy W. , Igra Noah M. , Borge P. Dayand , Cap Andrew P. , Devine Dana , Doughty Heidi , Geng Zhi , Guzman Jessica F. , Ness Paul M. , Jenkins Donald H. , Rajbhandary Srijana , Schmulevich Daniela , Stubbs James R. , Wiebe Douglas J. , Yazer Mark H. , Spinella Philip C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundMass casualty incidents (MCIs) create an immediate surge in blood product demand. We hypothesize local inventories in major U.S. cities would not meet this demand.Study Design and MethodsA simulated blast in a large crowd estimated casualty numbers. Ideal resuscitation was defined as equal amounts of red blood cells (RBCs), plasma, platelets, and cryoprecipitate. Inventory was prospectively collected from six major U.S. cities at six time points between January and July 2019. City‐wide blood inventories were classified as READY (>1 U/injured survivor), DEFICIENT (<10 U/severely injured survivor), or RISK (between READY and DEFICIENT), before and after resupply from local distribution centers (DC), and features of DEFICIENT cities were identified.ResultsThe simulated blast resulted in 2218 injured survivors including 95 with severe injuries. Balanced resuscitation would require between 950 and 2218 units each RBC, plasma, platelets and cryoprecipitate. Inventories in 88 hospitals/health systems and 10 DCs were assessed. Of 36 city‐wide surveys, RISK inventories included RBCs (n = 16; 44%), plasma (n = 24; 67%), platelets (n = 6; 17%), and cryoprecipitate (n = 22; 61%) while DEFICIENT inventories included platelets (n = 30; 83%) and cryoprecipitate (n = 12; 33%). Resupply shifted most RBC and plasma inventories to READY, but some platelet and cryoprecipitate inventories remained at RISK (n = 24; 67% and n = 12; 33%, respectively) or even DEFICIENT (n = 11; 31% and n = 6; 17%, respectively). Cities with DEFICIENT inventories were smaller (p <.001) with fewer blood products per trauma bed (p <.001).DiscussionIn this simulated blast event, blood product demand exceeded local supply in some major U.S. cities. Options for closing this gap should be explored to optimize resuscitation during MCIs.
Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of a care partner assisted intervention to improve oral health of individuals with mild dementia
Authors: Wu Bei , Plassman Brenda L , Poole Patricia , Siamdoust Shahrzad , Bunn Melanie , Burwell Bobbi , Pei Yaolin , Downey Christine , Gomes Danni , Kamer Angela , Yu Gary , Leak Bryant A , Anderson Ruth A 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionIndividuals with mild dementia are at high risk of poor oral health outcomes. To address this issue, we describe an intervention to teach care partners skills to guide individuals with mild dementia in proper oral hygiene techniques and provide reminders to practice oral hygiene care. By providing support to perform these tasks successfully, we aim to delay oral health decline among this vulnerable population.Methods and analysisThis multisite study is a three-arm randomised controlled trial. The primary objective is to evaluate the efficacy of an intervention to improve oral hygiene outcomes by promoting positive oral hygiene behaviours and skills among individuals with mild dementia. Care partners’ behaviour factors, such as oral care self-efficacy and implementation of the care plan, serve as mediators of the intervention. Participant–care partner dyads will be randomly assigned to either Treatment Group 1, Treatment Group 2 or the Control Group. All groups will receive an educational booklet. Treatment Group 1 and Treatment Group 2 will receive a smart electronic toothbrush. Treatment Group 2 (the intervention group) will also receive an oral hygiene care skill assessment, personalised oral hygiene instruction and treatment plan; and care partners will receive in-home and telephone coaching on behaviour change. Oral health outcomes will be compared across the three groups. The duration of the active intervention is 3 months, with an additional 3-month maintenance phase. Data collection will involve three home visits: baseline, 3 months and 6 months. The study enrollment started in November 2021, and the data collection will end in Spring 2024.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of the NYU Grossman School of Medicine and Duke University, and is registered at Clinicaltrials.gov. A Data Safety Monitoring Board has been constituted. The study findings will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and social media.Trial registration numberNCT04390750.
Cross-sectional survey of changes in knowledge, attitudes and practice of mask use in Sydney and Melbourne during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Quigley Ashley Lindsay , Trent Mallory , Seale Holly , Chughtai Abrar Ahmad , MacIntyre C Raina 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesSince mask uptake and the timing of mask use has the potential to influence the control of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study aimed to assess the changes in knowledge toward mask use in Sydney and Melbourne, Australia, during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic.DesignAn observational study, using a cross-sectional survey, was distributed to adults in Sydney and Melbourne, Australia, during July–August 2020 (survey 1) and September 2020 (survey 2), during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia.Setting and participantsParticipants aged 18 years or older and living in either Sydney or Melbourne.Primary and secondary outcome measuresDemographics, risk measures, COVID-19 severity and perception, mask attitude and uptake were determined in this study.ResultsA total of 700 participants completed the survey. In both Sydney and Melbourne, a consistent decrease was reported in almost all risk-mitigation behaviours between March 2020 and July 2020 and again between March 2020 and September 2020. However, mask use and personal protective equipment use increased in both Sydney and Melbourne from March 2020 to September 2020. There was no significant difference in mask use during the pandemic between the two cities across both timepoints (1.24 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.22; p=0.072)). Perceived severity and perceived susceptibility of COVID-19 infection were significantly associated with mask uptake. Trust in information on COVID-19 from both national (1.77 (95% CI 1.29 to 2.44); p<0.000)) and state (1.62 (95% CI 1.19 to 2.22); p=0.003)) government was a predictor of mask use across both surveys.ConclusionSydney and Melbourne both had high levels of reported mask wearing during July 2020 and September 2020, consistent with the second wave and mask mandates in Victoria, and cluster outbreaks in Sydney at the time. High rates of mask compliance may be explained by high trust levels in information from national and state government, mask mandates, risk perceptions, current outbreaks and the perceived level of risk of COVID-19 infection at the time.
Optimising transitions of care for acute kidney injury survivors: protocol for a mixed-methods study of nephrologist and primary care provider recommendations
Authors: May Heather Personett , Krauter Abby K , Finnie Dawn M , McCoy Rozalina Grubina , Kashani Kianoush B , Griffin Joan M , Barreto Erin F 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionAcute kidney injury (AKI) affects nearly 20% of all hospitalised patients and is associated with poor outcomes. Long-term complications can be partially attributed to gaps in kidney-focused care and education during transitions. Building capacity across the healthcare spectrum by engaging a broad network of multidisciplinary providers to facilitate optimal follow-up care represents an important mechanism to address this existing care gap. Key participants include nephrologists and primary care providers and in-depth study of each specialty’s approach to post-AKI care is essential to optimise care processes and healthcare delivery for AKI survivors.Methods and analysisThis explanatory sequential mixed-methods study uses survey and interview methodology to assess nephrologist and primary care provider recommendations for post-AKI care, including KAMPS (kidney function assessment, awareness and education, medication review, blood pressure monitoring and sick day education) elements of follow-up, the role of multispecialty collaboration, and views on care process-specific and patient-specific factors influencing healthcare delivery. Nephrologists and primary care providers will be surveyed to assess recommendations and clinical decision-making in the context of post-AKI care. Descriptive statistics and the Pearson’s χ2 or Fisher’s exact test will be used to compare results between groups. This will be followed by semistructured interviews to gather rich, qualitative data that explains and/or connects results from the quantitative survey. Both deductive analysis and inductive analysis will occur to identify and compare themes.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been reviewed and deemed exempt by the Institutional Review Board at Mayo Clinic (IRB 20–0 08 793). The study was deemed exempt due to the sole use of survey and interview methodology. Results will be disseminated in presentations and manuscript form through peer-reviewed publication.
More than just staffing? Assessing evidence on the complex interplay among nurse staffing, other features of organisational context and resident outcomes in long-term care: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Choroschun Katharina , Kennedy Megan , Hoben Matthias 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionEspecially in acute care, evidence points to an association between care staffing and resident outcomes. However, this evidence is more limited in residential long-term care (LTC). Due to fundamental differences in the population of care recipients, organisational processes and staffing models, studies in acute care may not be applicable to LTC settings. We especially lack evidence on the complex interplay among nurse staffing and organisational context factors such as leadership, work culture or communication, and how these complex interactions influence resident outcomes. Our systematic review will identify and synthesise the available evidence on how nurse staffing and organisational context in residential LTC interact and how this impacts resident outcomes.Methods and analysisWe will systematically search the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus and PsycINFO from inception for quantitative research studies and systematically conducted reviews that statistically modelled interactions among nurse staffing and organisational context variables. We will include original studies that included nurse staffing and organisational context in LTC as independent variables, modelled interactions between these variables and described associations of these interactions with resident outcomes. Two reviewers will independently screen titles/abstracts and full texts for inclusion. They will also screen contents of key journals, publications of key authors and reference lists of all included studies. Discrepancies at any stage of the process will be resolved by consensus. Data extraction will be performed by one research team member and checked by a second team member. Two reviewers will independently assess the methodological quality of included studies using four validated checklists appropriate for different research designs. We will conduct a meta-analysis if pooling is possible. Otherwise, we will synthesise results using thematic analysis and vote counting.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required as this project does not involve primary data collection. The results of this study will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and conference presentation.PROSPERO Registration numberCRD42021272671.
Personalised Lung Cancer Screening (PLuS) study to assess the importance of coexisting chronic conditions to clinical practice and policy: protocol for a multicentre observational study
Authors: Braithwaite Dejana , Karanth Shama D , Slatore Christopher G , Zhang Dongyu , Bian Jiang , Meza Rafael , Jeon Jihyoun , Tammemagi Martin , Schabath Mattthew , Wheeler Meghann , Guo Yi , Hochhegger Bruno , Kaye Frederic J , Silvestri Gerard A , Gould Michael K 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the USA and worldwide, and lung cancer screening (LCS) with low-dose CT (LDCT) has the potential to improve lung cancer outcomes. A critical question is whether the ratio of potential benefits to harms found in prior LCS trials applies to an older and potentially sicker population. The Personalised Lung Cancer Screening (PLuS) study will help close this knowledge gap by leveraging real-world data to fully characterise LCS recipients. The principal goal of the PLuS study is to characterise the comorbidity burden of individuals undergoing LCS and quantify the benefits and harms of LCS to enable informed decision-making.Methods and analysisPLuS is a multicentre observational study designed to assemble an LCS cohort from the electronic health records of ~40 000 individuals undergoing annual LCS with LDCT from 2016 to 2022. Data will be integrated into a unified repository to (1) examine the burden of multimorbidity by race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status and age; (2) quantify potential benefits and harms; and (3) use the observational data with validated simulation models in the Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network (CISNET) to provide LCS outcomes in the real-world US population. We will fit a multivariable logistic regression model to estimate the adjusted ORs of comorbidity, functional limitations and impaired pulmonary function adjusted for relevant covariates. We will also estimate the cumulative risk of LCS outcomes using discrete-time survival models. To our knowledge, this is the first study to combine observational data and simulation models to estimate the long-term impact of LCS with LDCT.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Kaiser Permanente Southern California Institutional Review Board and VA Portland Health Care System. The results will be disseminated through publications and presentations at national and international conferences. Safety considerations include protection of patient confidentiality.
Disease activity, burden and suffering in patients with ulcerative colitis in the UK cohort recruited into the global ICONIC study
Authors: Bhala Neeraj , Hart Ailsa , Watts David , Lewis Stephen , Ghosh Subrata , Hansell Chris , Ahmad Tariq , Van Haaren Stijn , Sensky Tom 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveThe Understanding the Impact of Ulcerative Colitis and Its Associated Disease Burden on Patients (ICONIC) was a 2-year, global, prospective, observational study assessing disease burden in adults recently diagnosed (≤36 months) with ulcerative colitis (UC) receiving routine outpatient care, irrespective of disease severity or treatment. A subanalysis was conducted to understand the UK perspective.Design/methodAll eligible consenting patients enrolled in ICONIC from the UK were included in the subanalysis of patient-reported and physician-reported outcomes at baseline and year 2 (Y2).ResultsSixty-three UK patients were included (mean age 43.4 years, 58.7% female). At baseline and Y2, the mean (±SD) Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (SCCAI) scores were 3.6 (±3.3) and 1.5 (±1.5); Patient Modified Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (P-SSCAI) were 4.9 (±4.0) and 2.6 (±2.6), respectively. Physician-reported Pictorial Representation of Illness and Self Measure (PRISM) median scores (assessing inverse of suffering) were 3.5 (IQR 2.0–6.8) at baseline and 5.5 (IQR 3.6–6.9) at Y2; patient-reported PRISM scores were 4.7 (IQR 2.6–6.9) and 5.4 (IQR 3.2–8.0), respectively. At baseline, SCCAI and P-SCCAI were strongly correlated (r=0.86, p<0.0001), and patient-reported and physician-reported PRISM scores moderately correlated (r=0.67, p<0.0001). At Y2, moderate correlations were observed (SCCAI vs P-SCCAI: r=0.72, p<0.0001; patient-reported vs physician- reported PRISM: r=0.60, p<0.0001). Rating Form of IBD Patient Concerns scores indicated patients’ greatest concerns were with energy level, having an ostomy bag and effects of medication (baseline scores >3.0).ConclusionsThese findings demonstrated the multifaceted burden of disease in patients recently diagnosed with UC in the UK. Agreement between patients and physicians on disease activity/severity varied according to the instrument used.
Phase 1, dose-escalation study of guadecitabine (SGI-110) in combination with pembrolizumab in patients with solid tumors
Authors: Papadatos-Pastos Dionysis , Yuan Wei , Pal Abhijit , Crespo Mateus , Ferreira Ana , Gurel Bora , Prout Toby , Ameratunga Malaka , Chénard-Poirier Maxime , Curcean Andra , Bertan Claudia , Baker Chloe , Miranda Susana , Masrour Nahal , Chen Wentin , Pereira Rita , Figueiredo Ines , Morilla Ricardo , Jenkins Ben , Zachariou Anna , Riisnaes Ruth , Parmar Mona , Turner Alison , Carreira Suzanne , Yap Christina , Brown Robert , Tunariu Nina , Banerji Udai , Lopez Juanita , de Bono Johann , Minchom Anna 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundData suggest that immunomodulation induced by DNA hypomethylating agents can sensitize tumors to immune checkpoint inhibitors. We conducted a phase 1 dose-escalation trial (NCT02998567) of guadecitabine and pembrolizumab in patients with advanced solid tumors. We hypothesized that guadecitabine will overcome pembrolizumab resistance.MethodsPatients received guadecitabine (45 mg/m2or 30 mg/m2, administered subcutaneously on days 1–4), with pembrolizumab (200 mg administered intravenously starting from cycle 2 onwards) every 3 weeks. Primary endpoints were safety, tolerability and maximum tolerated dose; secondary and exploratory endpoints included objective response rate (ORR), changes in methylome, transcriptome, immune contextures in pre-treatment and on-treatment tumor biopsies.ResultsBetween January 2017 and January 2020, 34 patients were enrolled. The recommended phase II dose was guadecitabine 30 mg/m2, days 1–4, and pembrolizumab 200 mg on day 1 every 3 weeks. Two dose-limiting toxicities (neutropenia, febrile neutropenia) were reported at guadecitabine 45 mg/m2with none reported at guadecitabine 30 mg/m2. The most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were neutropenia (58.8%), fatigue (17.6%), febrile neutropenia (11.8%) and nausea (11.8%). Common, grade 3+ TRAEs were neutropaenia (38.2%) and febrile neutropaenia (11.8%). There were no treatment-related deaths. Overall, 30 patients were evaluable for antitumor activity; ORR was 7% with 37% achieving disease control (progression-free survival) for ≥24 weeks. Of 12 evaluable patients with non-small cell lung cancer, 10 had been previously treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors with 5 (42%) having disease control ≥24 weeks (clinical benefit). Reduction in LINE-1 DNA methylation following treatment in blood (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) and tissue samples was demonstrated and methylation at transcriptional start site and 5’ untranslated region gene regions showed enriched negative correlation with gene expression. Increases in intra-tumoural effector T-cells were seen in some responding patients. Patients having clinical benefit had high baseline inflammatory signature on RNAseq analyses.ConclusionsGuadecitabine in combination with pembrolizumab is tolerable with biological and anticancer activity. Reversal of previous resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors is demonstrated.