bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loss of complexity from larval towards adult nervous systems in Chaetopteridae (Chaetopteriformia, Annelida) unveils evolutionary patterns in Annelida
Authors: Helm Conrad , Schwarze Gudrun , Beckers Patrick 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChaetopteridae — the parchment worms — comprise a group of early branching annelids with a scarcely investigated neuroanatomy and neurogenesis. Due to their phylogenetic position in the annelid tree, studying them is nevertheless inevitable for our understanding of character evolution in segmented worms. Therefore, we investigated several adult und larval chaetopterids using a broad set of morphological methods — including serial azan-stained histological sections as well as ultrastructural and immunohistochemical approaches. Our investigations shows that the chaetopterid nervous system consists of a medullary and intraepidermal anterior brain without major commissures and only one neuron type. Nuchal organs and complex cup-shaped eyes are absent in adult specimens. The developmental investigations reveal an antero-posterior origin of the larval nervous system, which is in line with previous investigations and supports this character as being plesiomorphic at least for Annelida. Furthermore, the reduction of neuronal complexity during ontogenesis hints towards the necessity of developmental examinations to understand the evolutionary scenarios behind nervous system diversity not only in annelid taxa. Our detailed investigations will help to deepen our knowledge in terms of annelid character evolution and will build up a basis for further detailed examinations dealing with this fascinating group of segmented worms.
Minimally invasive video-assisted parathyroidectomy (MIVAP) versus conventional parathyroidectomy for renal hyperparathyroidism: a retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Snopok Iurii , Viebahn Richard , Walz Martin , Zgoura Panagiota , Alesina Pier Francesco 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo compare minimally invasive video-assisted parathyroidectomy (MIVAP) versus conventional surgery for renal hyperparathyroidism (rHPT). Between 2006 and 2020, 53 patients underwent MIVAP and 182 underwent conventional parathyroidectomy for rHPT at the Kliniken Essen-Mitte and Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, respectively. Two propensity score-matched groups were retrospectively analyzed: the MIVAP group (VG; n = 53) and the conventional group (CG; n = 53). To assess long-term results, the patients were questioned prospectively (VG; n = 17, and CG; n = 26). The VG had a smaller incision (2.8 vs. 4.8 cm), shorter operation duration (81.0 vs. 13.9 min), and shorter duration of stay (2.4 vs. 5.7 days) (p < 0.0001) but a smaller drop in parathyroid hormone (PTH) postoperatively (81.3 vs. 85.5%. p = 0.022) than the CG. The conversion rate was 9.4% (n = 5). The VG had better Patient Scar Assessment Scale (PSAS) scores (10.8 vs. 11.7 p = 0.001) but worse SF-12 health survey scores (38.7 vs. 45.8 for physical health and 46.7 vs. 53.4 for mental health) (p < 0.0001). The PTH level at follow-up was higher in the VG (162.7 vs. 59.1 ng/l, p < 0.0001). There were no differences in morbidity, number of removed parathyroid glands, disease persistence, late rHPT relapse and need for repeat surgery between groups. MIVAP was superior to conventional parathyroidectomy regarding aesthetic outcomes and cost effectiveness. Conventional surgery showed better control of PTH levels and health scores on follow-up than MIVAP, without any impact on rHPT relapse and need for repeat surgery.Trail registration number and date of registration: DRKS00022545 on 14.12.2020.
Graphical abstract
Evaluating nanobiomaterial-induced DNA strand breaks using the alkaline comet assay
Authors: Tutty Melissa Anne , Vella Gabriele , Vennemann Antje , Wiemann Martin , Prina-Mello Adriele 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDue to their unique chemical and physical properties, nanobiomaterials (NBMs) are extensively studied for applications in medicine and drug delivery. Despite these exciting properties, their small sizes also make them susceptible to toxicity. Whilst nanomaterial immunotoxicity and cytotoxicity are studied in great depth, there is still limited data on their potential genotoxicity or ability to cause DNA damage. In the past years, new medical device regulations, which came into place in 2020, were developed, which require the assessment of long-term NBM exposure; therefore, in recent years, increased attention is being paid to genotoxicity screening of these materials. In this article, and through an interlaboratory comparison (ILC) study conducted within the Horizon 2020 REFINE project, we assess five different NBM formulations, each with different uses, namely, a bio-persistent gold nanoparticle (AuNP), an IR-780 dye-loaded liposome which is used in deep tissue imaging (LipImage™815), an unloaded PACA polymeric nanoparticle used as a drug delivery system (PACA), and two loaded PACA NBMs, i.e. the cabazitaxel drug-loaded PACA (CBZ-PACA) and the NR668 dye-loaded PACA (NR668 PACA) for their potential to cause DNA strand breaks using the alkaline comet assay and discuss the current state of genotoxicity testing for nanomaterials. We have found through our interlaboratory comparison that the alkaline comet assay can be suitably applied to the pre-clinical assessment of NBMs, as a reproducible and repeatable methodology for assessing NBM-induced DNA damage.
Graphical abstract
Workflow for assessing the applicability of the alkaline comet assay to determine nanobiomaterial (NBM)-induced DNA strand breaks, through an interlaboratory comparison study (ILC)
Indigenous institutional theory: a new theoretical framework and methodological tool
Authors: Coates Stacey Kim , Trudgett Michelle , Page Susan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper introduces and provides comprehensive detail of a new theoretical framework termed ‘Indigenous Institutional Theory’. In doing so, the paper discusses ‘Western’ and ‘Indigenous’ methodological practices and examines two existing theories that influence the newly developed framework; Indigenous Standpoint Theory (Nakata in Disciplining the savages, savaging the disciplines, Aboriginal Studies Press, Chicago, 2007) and Institutional Theory. Illustrating a conceptual framework for Indigenous inquiry, the framework acknowledges the Indigenous perspective, with the intention of offering a new lens in which the Indigenous experience within institutions can be interpreted and analysed. It is anticipated that the framework will be utilised in the future research by Indigenous scholars as a powerful explanatory tool when examining a variety of organisational phenomena in modern society. While the theoretical framework articulated in this paper has initially been designed for an Indigenous research project, the framework can be adapted and utilised when examining the standpoint of minority groups within Western institutions and addressing the diversity gap in leadership. As such, the paper is also relevant to organisational and leadership scholars investigating ways in which discriminatory (e.g. gendered and racialised) structures are created and culturally challenged within Western institutions.
‘But we’re not a multicultural school!’: locating intercultural relations and reimagining intercultural education as an act of ‘coming-to-terms-with our routes’
Authors: Davies Tanya 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLearning to live in a superdiverse world might be heralded as one of the great social challenges of our time. In the last decade, intercultural education has been posed as one way to foster intercultural capabilities in young people that can contribute towards learning to live well with cultural difference. As the diaspora in Australia—and elsewhere—expands, developing intercultural understanding is seen as a priority. Despite the directives of official policy and curriculum, enacting intercultural education in meaningful ways is complex and fraught. This paper reports on an Australian ethnography at a predominantly ‘white’ school that examined the way productions of cultural difference across school spaces complicate teachers’ intercultural work. This paper considers how intercultural understanding might move beyond celebrations of multiculturalism, arguing that ‘coming-to-terms with our routes’ necessarily prefigures intercultural understanding and provides opportunity for an intercultural education beyond a celebration of multiculturalism.
Technology and aesthetics in school excellence policies: the case of Through Growth to Achievement
Authors: Norman Pat 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGlobal policy development in schooling often looks to solutions that embrace technology and articulate a ‘what works’ approach to practice. This paper takes as a case study the Australian Government’sThrough Growth to Achievementreport on achieving school excellence. It analyses the report through the lens of ‘sublimes’, which provide insight into the way certain policy rhetoric can become reified.Through Growth to Achievementemphasises technological solutions which align with and reify an aesthetic notion of good teaching that draws on the ‘what works’ literature. This analysis argues that certain assumptions about technology, teacher practice and the ‘evidence’ for good policy are based on these reifications. A sublimes analysis makes these unspoken assumptions explicit and reveals the way they reinforce globalised policy approaches and foreclose others.
One-step modification method of a superhydrophobic surface for excellent antibacterial capability
Authors: Lan Ling , Di Yue-lan , Wang Hai-dou , Huang Yan-fei , Zhu Li-na , Li Xu-hang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this study, micro/nanostructures are fabricated on the surface of 3Cr13 stainless steel via laser etching, and a superhydrophobic coating with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is prepared by utilizing the reduction-adsorption properties of polydopamine (PDA). We investigate the effect of soaking time from the “one-step method” on the reduction of nano-Ag, surface wettability, and antibacterial properties. Scanning electron microscopy is performed to analyze the distribution of nano-Ag on the surface, whereas X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are used to analyze the crystal structures and chemical compositions of different surfaces. Samples deposited with PDA on their surface are soaked in a 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane water-alcohol solution containing AgNO3 for 3 h. Subsequently, a “one-step method” is used to prepare low-adhesion superhydrophobic surfaces containing AgNPs. As immersion progresses, more AgNPs are deposited onto the surface. Compared with the polished surface, the samples prepared via the “one-step method” show significant antibacterial properties against both gram-negative Escherichia coli and gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial properties of the surface improve as immersion progresses.
Label Placement Challenges in City Wayfinding Map Production—Identification and Possible Solutions
Authors: Harrie Lars , Oucheikh Rachid , Nilsson Åsa , Oxenstierna Andreas , Cederholm Pontus , Wei Lai , Richter Kai-Florian , Olsson Perola 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMap label placement is an important task in map production, which needs to be automated since it is tedious and requires a significant amount of manual work. In this paper, we identify five cartographic labeling situations that present challenges by causing intensive manual work in map production of city wayfinding maps, e.g., label placement in high density areas, utilizing true label geometries in automated methods, and creating a good relationship between text labels and icons. We evaluate these challenges in an open source map labeling tool (QGIS), provide results from a preliminary study, and discuss if there are other techniques that could be applicable to solving these challenges. These techniques are based on quantified cartographic rules or on machine learning. We focus on deep learning for which we provide several examples of techniques from other application domains that might have a potential in map label placement. The aim of the paper is to explore those techniques and to recommend future practical studies for each of the identified five challenges in map production. We believe that targeting the revealed challenges using the proposed solutions will significantly raise the automation level for producing city wayfinding maps, thus, having a real, measurable impact on production time and costs.
Menopause und Lunge
Authors: Baumgartner Sabrina , Triebner Kai 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungUnsere Lungenfunktion steht in engem Zusammenhang mit der Morbidität, Mortalität und der Lebensqualität überhaupt. Mit der zunehmenden Lebenserwartung ist die Aufrechterhaltung der Lungenfunktion ein wichtiger Puzzlestein in Hinblick auf gesundes Altern. Postmenopausal wird die altersabhängige Abnahme der Lungenfunktion beschleunigt. Das Verhindern einer übermäßigen Abnahme der Lungenfunktion bei postmenopausalen Frauen (altersbedingte Abnahme der Lungenfunktion, menopausal bedingte Abnahme der Lungenfunktion) hat in den vergangenen Jahren zunehmend präventives Interesse erweckt.
Suicidal behavior in a migrant majority population and impact on trends during the early Covid-19 period: a cross sectional study in Qatar
Authors: AlAbdulla Majid , Reagu Shuja Mohd , Hassan Mohamed H. M. O. , Elhassan Nahid M. , Sayed Sagda , Makki Ibrahim , Elzain Marwa , Wadoo Ovais , Kumar Rajeev 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundQatar is a high-income country with 90% of the population being economic migrants from low income countries. Due to this unique population composition, it has been suggested that Qatar may not follow suicide trends of high-income countries. Additionally, there is paucity of information on suicidal trends and rates due to social and cultural reasons. The Covid-19 pandemic has additionally impacted mental health of migrants differently form native Qataris.ObjectivesThis study explores suicidal behavior trends among individuals attending the main Emergency Department in the state of Qatar for mental health emergencies. The study also compared these trends for pre-pandemic period to early post pandemic period.MethodsA cross-sectional study of individuals attending the main emergency department of the country from 1st December 2019 to 30th June 2020 was carried out using a composite data collection form. This identified 799 individuals presenting with mental health emergencies. Suicidal behaviors, relevant sociodemographic data, along with factors known to be associated with suicidal behaviors were collected for this group.Results24.9% (n = 199) of the sample presented with suicidal behaviors. Younger age (31.16 ± 9.497), current hopelessness (70; 54.7%), history of suicidal thoughts (50; 47.2%), history of suicidal attempts (43; 34.7%), history of self-harm thoughts (35; 39.3%), history of self-harm attempts (41; 37.6%) were highly significantly associated with suicidal behavior (p < 0.01). Qataris formed 27% of the group presenting with suicidal behaviors although they constitute only around 10% of the population. There was no significant change in the rate of presenting with suicidal behaviors during the early stages of the Covid-19 pandemic.ConclusionsThis study reports an annual incidence of suicidal behaviors in Qatar lower than that has been previously reported. The authors surmise that this may be due to improved availability and early intervention of mental health services and decreased stigma around mental health.
Estimating Volumes of Coastal Shell Midden Sites Using Geometric Solids
Authors: Gustas Robert H. , McKechnie Iain , Mackie Quentin , Darimont Chris 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCoastal shell midden deposits are a quintessential component of the archaeological record on the Pacific Northwest Coast. Despite their importance in informing the cultural and environmental histories of Indigenous peoples, research on shell middens has largely not sought to address the physical extent of these cultural deposits, which requires estimating shape, depth, and volume. Here, we present a new scalable geospatial model, designed to work with legacy survey data, for estimating midden volumes based on applying a regular geometric solid to sites with known extent and depth. We evaluate the accuracy of this technique using percussion core, total station, and lidar data from eight sites in Tseshaht territory on western Vancouver Island and three sites on the north coast of British Columbia (Canada). As part of the evaluation process of our results, we calculate uncertainty using subsurface core depth data and then compare generalized and modeled midden volume estimates. We demonstrate an accurate general model applied at the regional scale across a systematically surveyed landscape. This work presents the first landscape-scale measure of midden extents and volume within our study area, with relevance to historical ecology and settlement patterns.
Mapping Out the Landscape: A Multi-dimensional Approach to Behavioral Innovation
Authors: Brown Rachael L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTransformations in the “behavioral innovativeness” of species—broadly, the capacity to generate new or novel behaviors—have been associated with significant evolutionary shifts in cognition by both philosophers and scientists. Whilst intuitively and theoretically appealing, this assumption lacks strong empirical support. One barrier is the absence of a good measure of behavioral innovation. This paper offers a solution to this problem by breaking down innovation into its components and presenting a novel multi-dimensional framework for characterising and comparing putative cases of behavioral innovation.
Philosophy in Science: Some Personal Reflections
Authors: Sober Elliott 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe task of Philosophy in Science (PinS) is to use philosophical tools to help solve scientific problems. This article describes how I stumbled into this line of work and then addressed several topics in philosophy of biology—units of selection, cladistic parsimony, robustness and trade-offs in model building, adaptationism, and evidence for common ancestry—often in collaboration with scientists. I conclude by offering advice for would-be PinS practitioners.
Trust of Science as a Public Collective Good
Authors: Slater Matthew H. , Scholfield Emily R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic and global climate change crisis remind us that widespread trust in the products of the scientific enterprise is vital to the health and safety of the global community. Insofar as appropriate responses to these (and other) crises require us to trust that enterprise, cultivating a healthier trust relationship between science and the public may be considered as a collective public good. While it might appear that scientists can contribute to this good by taking more initiative to communicate their work to public audiences, we raise a concern about unintended consequences of an individualistic approach to such communication.
Gazelle–livestock interactions and impact of water resource development in the Ouadi Rimé–Ouadi Achim Reserve, Chad
Authors: Wacher Tim , Amin Rajan , Newby John , Hatcha Mahamat Hassan , Abeye Krazidi , Ali Habib , Zeubobe Bourtchiakbé Sadock , Ndoassal Banlongar Felix 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Ouadi Rimé–Ouadi Achim Reserve (Réserve de l'Ouadi Rimé–Ouadi Achim) in central Chad supports large numbers of livestock and rare antelopes, and is the site of ongoing reintroductions of the scimitar-horned oryxOryx dammahand addaxAddax nasomaculatus. We present results of surveys conducted during 2011–2019 to examine patterns of relative abundance and distribution of dorcas gazellesGazella dorcas, dama gazellesNanger damaand livestock in relation to each other and to water sources in a 3,500 km2area in the centre of the Reserve. Dorcas gazelles numbered 7,700–18,000, moving extensively across the area. Livestock varied between c. 2,000 and 68,000 tropical livestock units across surveys, with density doubling in the wet season. Dorcas gazelle distribution was negatively associated with livestock, and livestock density was positively associated with artificial water sources. Dorcas gazelle densities were positively associated with locations where there had been wild fires in the 6 months prior to a survey. Dama gazelles were encountered only 13 times, insufficient to estimate their population size reliably. Opportunistic observations suggest dama gazelles avoid livestock and burnt ground. Our findings highlight the importance of the Reserve. We recommend the designation of a large, well-managed conservation priority zone in the Reserve's core area in which no further development of water resources is permitted. Management of livestock numbers within this zone at or below current levels is essential to integrate national goals for both biodiversity conservation and pastoralism development.
Place, history and incarnation: On the subjective aspects of christology
Authors: McGrath Alister 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article engages Thomas F. Torrance's landmark work,Space, Time and Incarnation(1969), suggesting that his approach needs amplification in the light of recent studies emphasising the importance of the affective aspects of theology. The alternative framework of ‘place, history, and incarnation’ is proposed as a means of safeguarding the important subjective aspects of the incarnation, and the theological task of interpreting its significance. The article makes use of Simeon Zahl's account of ‘affective salience’ in developing this richer account of the significance of the incarnation.
‘The whole church is here listening’: Tracing thesensus fideliumin public discourse in the early church
Authors: Meeks Charles 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis essay forms the basis for the case that contemporary application of the concept of thesensus fideliumas a vehicle for transmitting accurate doctrine relies primarily on shifts in power structures in the first several centuries of the church. By investigating two documents depicting public theological dialogues in the presence of both clergy and laity, Origen'sDialogue with Heraclidesfrom the third century and theDialogue of Heraclianfrom the fourth century, I argue that the intersection of a widening gap between lay and clergy with a shrinking importance in public theological debate served actually to relocate thesensus fideliumfrom the efforts of powerful clergy into the lived churchly practices of the laity.
Conservation management and termites: a case study from central Côte d’Ivoire (West Africa)
Authors: Silué Kolotchèlèma Simon , Koné N’golo Abdoulaye , Konaté Souleymane , Roisin Yves , Korb Judith 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTermites are essential components of tropical ecosystems, in which they provide fundamental ecosystem services, such as decomposition of dead plant material, fostering of soil mineralization and provisioning of new microhabitats. We investigated the termite communities of four habitats in two protected areas in West Africa, which differ in management effectiveness: the strictly protected Lamto Reserve (LR) and the Marahoué National Park (MNP), which suffers from anthropogenic disturbance despite its protection status. We tested the effect of disturbance on species composition, richness and abundance as well as on functional (feeding type) composition. The effect of disturbance was clearly visible in the termite communities. Compared to the LR, the MNP had less termite species overall and in all habitats except the shrub savannah. Also the abundance of termites was generally reduced and a decrease of soil feeders recorded. The latter is well-known to be sensitive to anthropogenic disturbance in forests. Comparing our results with other studies, we were able to identify suitable bioindicators of ecosystem health for West-African savannahs. Furthermore, we discuss the potential consequences of anthropogenic disturbance on ecosystem services provided by termites.