bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune cell involvement in brown adipose tissue functions
Authors: Bertola Adeline , Gallerand Alexandre , Ivanov Stoyan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) contains many immune cells. The presence of macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, T cells, B cells, and mast cells was documented in BAT. However, in comparison to white adipose tissue, relatively little is known on the impact of immune cells on BAT function. By directly interacting with BAT stromal cells, or by secreting pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, immune cells modulate BAT activation and subsequently influence on adaptative thermogenesis and heat generation. In the current manuscript, we will focus on the diversity and functions of BAT immune cells.
Impact of the amount of preoperative erector spinae muscle in stage I non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Ueda Daisuke , Tsutani Yasuhiro , Kamigaichi Atsushi , Kawamoto Nobutaka , Tsubokawa Norifumi , Ito Masaoki , Mimae Takahiro , Miyata Yoshihiro , Okada Morihito 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Erector spinae muscle (ESM) is an antigravity muscle group that can be evaluated as an index of muscle loss on chest computed tomography. The amount of ESM has been reported to be related to the prognosis of several respiratory diseases. However, few studies clarify the impact on postoperative non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We investigated the relationship between ESM and postoperative prognosis in patients with early-stage NSCLC.

METHODS
We reviewed the medical records of 534 patients with stage I NSCLC who underwent lobectomy or segmentectomy. The ESM was identified by preoperative computed tomography, and the amount was normalized according to height and sex. Overall survival, lung cancer-related deaths and non-lung cancer-related deaths (NLCRD) were analysed using log-rank and Gray’s tests. Multivariable analyses were conducted to identify factors that influenced overall survival (OS) and NLCRD.

RESULTS
The amount of ESM normalized according to height and sex was significantly associated with age and body mass index. When the amount was low, OS (5-year OS, 79.6 vs 89.5%; P&lt; 0.001) and NLCRD (5-year cumulative mortality rate, 14.7 vs 6.8%; P&lt; 0.001) were significantly worse, although no difference was found in lung cancer-related deaths.

CONCLUSIONS
The amount of preoperative ESM was strongly related to non-lung cancer-related death and was a significant prognostic factor for stage I NSCLC. Patients with a low amount of the muscle should be treated based on proper risk assessment.
The Capparis spinosa var. herbacea genome provides the first genomic instrument for a diversity and evolution study of the Capparaceae family
Authors: Wang Lei , Fan Liqiang , Zhao Zhenyong , Zhang Zhibin , Jiang Li , Chai Mao , Tian Changyan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The caper bush Capparis spinosa L., one of the most economically important species of Capparaceae, is a xerophytic shrub that is well adapted to drought and harsh environments. However, genetic studies on this species are limited because of the lack of its reference genome.

Findings
We sequenced and assembled the Capparis spinosa var. herbacea (Willd.) genome using data obtained from the combination of PacBio circular consensus sequencing and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture. The final genome assembly was approximately 274.53 Mb (contig N50 length of 9.36 Mb, scaffold N50 of 15.15 Mb), 99.23% of which was assigned to 21 chromosomes. In the whole-genome sequence, tandem repeats accounted for 19.28%, and transposable element sequences accounted for 43.98%. The proportion of tandem repeats in the C. spinosa var. herbacea genome was much higher than the average of 8.55% in plant genomes. A total of 21,577 protein-coding genes were predicted, with 98.82% being functionally annotated. The result of species divergence times showed that C. spinosa var. herbacea and Tarenaya hassleriana separated from a common ancestor 43.31 million years ago.

Conclusions
This study reported a high-quality reference genome assembly and genome features for the Capparaceae family. The assembled C. spinosa var. herbacea genome might provide a system for studying the diversity, speciation, and evolution of this family and serve as an important resource for understanding the mechanism of drought and high-temperature resistance.
Balancing quality and quaternary care imperative using a high-risk case review committee in adults
Authors: Ibrahim Michael , Acker Andrew , Weiss Steve , Lawrence Kendall , Ottemiller Stephanie , McGarvey Jeremy , Epler Mark , Williams Matthew , Szeto Wilson Y , Acker Michael 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Quaternary care centres have an imperative to serve as hospitals of last resort and must also meet professional quality targets. We developed a high-risk committee (HRC) to evaluate cases meeting pre-defined predicted risk cut-offs as a part of an overall quality improvement drive.

METHODS
We describe the structure, outcomes and effects of the Penn HRC. Using propensity-matching, we investigated whether the committee modifies or screens risk. We used multivariable analysis to examine the impact of unmeasured variables on clinical outcomes in this cohort.

RESULTS
Institutional predicted and observed mortality had already been in decline prior to HRC institution in 2017, due to a multi-faceted quality improvement initiative. Between 2017 and 2020, the HRC discussed 205 patients with a median predicted risk of mortality of 10.6% (range 0.4–66%). Coronary artery bypass grafting was the most commonly presented operation. A total of 155 patients underwent operation (risk 10.3%), 12 had surgery deferred for optimization (risk 6%), 50 had surgery declined (risk 11.7%) and 12 patients had a deferred decision for further investigation. Overall 30-day survival was 86% for the entire cohort and 89% for operated patients. A matched analysis of similar patients prior to and following the HRC showed that the HRC did not directly modify outcomes. Most patients had better than expected survival (observed:expected mortality &lt; 1). Predicted risk did not predict 30-day mortality among this high-risk cohort.

CONCLUSIONS
HRCs serve as an important element in quality improvement by encouraging a thoughtful approach and channelling the collective experience of a group of senior surgeons. It may improve patient selection by identifying a cohort with extremely poor survival, while allowing safe operation with acceptable outcomes among a group with very high operative risk.
On sharp stochastic zeroth-order Hessian estimators over Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Wang Tianyu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe study Hessian estimators for functions defined over an $n$-dimensional complete analytic Riemannian manifold. We introduce new stochastic zeroth-order Hessian estimators using $O (1)$ function evaluations. We show that, for an analytic real-valued function $f$, our estimator achieves a bias bound of order $ O ( \gamma \delta ^2 ) $, where $ \gamma $ depends on both the Levi–Civita connection and function $f$, and $\delta $ is the finite difference step size. To the best of our knowledge, our results provide the first bias bound for Hessian estimators that explicitly depends on the geometry of the underlying Riemannian manifold. We also study downstream computations based on our Hessian estimators. The supremacy of our method is evidenced by empirical evaluations.
How Do Genomic, Mitochondrial, and Morphological Data Contribute to the Linnean Classification of the Porrostomine Net-Winged Beetles (Coleoptera, Lycidae)?
Authors: Kusy Dominik , Motyka Michal , Bilkova Renata , Bocak Ladislav 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Lycidae genera have seldom been tested with phylogenetic analyses. Therefore, we assembled genomic data to estimate the phylogenetic backbone of the porrostomines, one of Metriorrhynchina’s major clades. Further, mtDNA and morphology were employed to assign 352 analyzed species to genera. We present evidence for the paraphyly of Metriorrhynchus and terminal position of Porrostoma, revise the generic classification, and describe eight genera: Maraiakoreus gen. nov., Kuarhynchus gen. nov., Riedelrhynchus gen. nov., Bundikanus gen. nov., Yamarhynchus gen. nov., Bekorhynchus gen. nov., Sundarhynchus gen. nov., and Isuarhynchus gen. nov. We synonymize Stadenus Waterhouse, 1879, syn. nov., Metriorrhynchoides Kleine, 1923, syn. nov., and Oriomum Bocak, 1999a, syn. nov., to Porrostoma Castelnau, 1838. Next, we propose 75 new combinations and four new species: Bundikanus styskalai sp. nov., Kuarhynchus sisrangensis sp. nov., Maraiakoreus argenteus sp. nov., and Yamarhynchus sinopassensis sp. nov. We identified repeated origins of several external morphological traits earlier used to delimitate genera. Therefore, we prefer concordant evidence from the densely sampled mitochondrial phylogenies and male genitalia. The analyses identify high phylogenetic diversity and species richness in New Guinea, much lower phylogenetic diversity of the Australian continental fauna, and the limited permeability of the Wallacea that resulted in a single porrostomine genus in Asia. We point to the common acceptance of paraphyletic and polyphyletic taxa in the current classification. As a result, taxonomy has not provided expected support for any state-of-the-art evolutionary and zoogeographic studies. The phylogeny, species inventory, and classification of porrostomines set the basis for future evolutionary and zoogeographical studies.
Marshall Lecture 2022: The Economics of Women’s Rights
Authors: Tertilt Michèle , Doepke Matthias , Hannusch Anne , Montenbruck Laura 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Two centuries ago, in most countries around the world, women were unable to vote, had no say over their own children or property, and could not obtain a divorce. Women have gradually gained rights in many areas of life, and this legal expansion has been closely intertwined with economic development. We aim to understand the drivers behind these reforms. To this end, we distinguish between four types of women’s rights—economic, political, labor, and body—and document their evolution over the past 50 years across countries. We summarize the political-economy mechanisms that link economic development to changes in women’s rights and show empirically that these mechanisms account for a large share of the variation in women’s rights across countries and over time.
HIV-induced membraneless organelles orchestrate post-nuclear entry steps
Authors: Scoca Viviana , Morin Renaud , Collard Maxence , Tinevez Jean-Yves , Di Nunzio Francesca 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
HIV integration occurs in chromatin sites that favor the release of high levels of viral progeny; alternatively, the virus is also able to discreetly coexist with the host. The viral infection perturbs the cellular environment inducing the remodelling of the nuclear landscape. Indeed, HIV-1 triggers the nuclear clustering of the host factor CPSF6, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Our data indicate that HIV usurps a recently discovered biological phenomenon, called liquid–liquid phase separation, to hijack the host cell. We observed CPSF6 clusters as part of HIV-induced membraneless organelles (HIV-1 MLOs) in macrophages, one of the main HIV target cell types. We describe that HIV-1 MLOs follow phase-separation rules and represent functional biomolecular condensates. We highlight HIV-1 MLOs as hubs of nuclear reverse transcription, while the double-stranded viral DNA, once formed, rapidly migrates outside these structures. Transcription-competent proviruses localize outside but near HIV-1 MLOs in LEDGF-abundant regions, known to be active chromatin sites. Therefore, HIV-1 MLOs orchestrate viral events prior to the integration step and create a favorable environment for the viral replication. This study uncovers single functional host–viral complexes in their nuclear landscape, which is markedly restructured by HIV-1.
Radiatively driven evaporation from magnetar’s surface
Authors: Demidov Ivan , Lyubarsky Yuri 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
The luminosity of the Soft Gamma Repeater flares significantly exceeds the Eddington luminosity. This is because they emit mainly in the E mode, for which the radiative cross-sections are strongly suppressed. The energy is released in the magnetosphere forming a magnetically trapped pair fireball, and the surface of the star is illuminated by the powerful radiation from the fireball. We study the ablation of the matter from the surface by this radiation. The E-mode photons are scattered within the surface layer, partly being converted into O-photons, whose scattering cross-section is of the order of the Thomson cross-section. The high radiation pressure of the O-mode radiation expels the plasma upwards. The uplifted matter forms a thick baryon sheath around the fireball. If an illuminated fraction of the star’s surface includes the polar cap, a heavy, mildly relativistic baryonic wind is formed.
Conservation priorities for global marine biodiversity across multiple dimensions
Authors: Fan Huizhong , Huang Mingpan , Chen Youhua , Zhou Wenliang , Hu Yibo , Wei Fuwen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Marine biodiversity plays important roles in ocean ecosystem services and has substantial economic value. Species diversity, genetic diversity and phylogenetic diversity, which reflect the number, evolutionary potential and evolutionary history of species in ecosystem functioning, are three important dimensions of biodiversity. Marine-protected areas have been demonstrated as an effective area-based tool for protecting marine biodiversity, but only 2.8% of the ocean has been fully protected. It is urgent to identify global conservation priority areas and percentage of the ocean across multiple dimensions of biodiversity based on Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework. Here, we investigate the spatial distribution of marine genetic and phylogenetic diversity using 80 075 mitochondrial DNA barcode sequences from 4316 species and a newly constructed phylogenetic tree of 8166 species. We identify that the Central Indo-Pacific Ocean, Central Pacific Ocean and Western Indian Ocean harbor high levels of biodiversity across three dimensions of biodiversity, which could be designated as conservation priority areas. We also find that strategically protecting ∼22% of the ocean would allow us to reach the target of conserving ∼95% of currently known taxonomic, genetic and phylogenetic diversity. Our study provides insights into the spatial distribution pattern of multiple marine diversities and the findings would help to design comprehensive conservation schemes for global marine biodiversity.
Pooling Rectal, Pharyngeal, and Urine Samples to Detect Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Mycoplasma genitalium Using Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Is as Effective as Single-Site Testing for Men Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Prazuck Thierry , Lanotte Philippe , Le Moal Gwénaël , Hocqueloux Laurent , Sunder Simon , Catroux Mélanie , Garcia Magali , Perfezou Pascale , Gras Guillaume , Plouzeau Chloé , Lévêque Nicolas , Beby-Defaux Agnès 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Screening for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) at pharyngeal, urogenital, and anorectal sites is recommended for men who have sex with men (MSM). Pooling samples is a promising technique, but no data are available when pooled screening also includes Mycoplasma genitalium (MG). The main objective of this study was to examine the sensitivity of pooled samples for detecting CT, NG, and MG in MSM using nucleic acid amplification versus single-site testing.

Methods
In this multicenter study, MSM with a positive result for CT, NG, or MG were recalled to the clinic for treatment and were asked to participate in this study. Separate samples were sent to a central virological department that proceeded to form the pooled samples. Testing was performed using the multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction Allplex STI Essential Assay (Seegene, Seoul, Korea), which can simultaneously detect 7 pathogens.

Results
A total of 130 MSM with at least 1 positive test for CT, NG, or MG were included. A total of 25.4% had a coinfection. The sensitivities of pooled-sample testing were 94.8% for CT, 97.0% for NG, and 92.3% for MG. Pooling failed to detect 8 infections, but pooled-sample analysis missed detecting only samples with a low bacterial load (cycle threshold &gt;35).

Conclusions
Pooling samples from MSM to detect CT, NG, and MG is as sensitive as individual-site testing for these 3 pathogens using the Allplex assay. Missed infections with a very low bacterial load could have a low impact on further transmission.
Clinical Trials Registration. NCT03568695.
Antiretroviral Drug Detection in a Community-Randomized Trial of Universal HIV Testing and Treatment: HPTN 071 (PopART)
Authors: Fogel Jessica M , Zewdie Kidist , Clarke William A , Piwowar-Manning Estelle , Breaud Autumn , Moore Ayana , Kosloff Barry , Shanaube Kwame , van Zyl Gert , Scheepers Michelle , Floyd Sian , Bock Peter , Ayles Helen , Fidler Sarah , Hayes Richard , Donnell Deborah , Eshleman Susan H ,   for the HPTN 071 (PopART) Study Team
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission risk. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate ART uptake in a trial in Zambia and South Africa that implemented a community-wide universal testing and treatment package to reduce HIV incidence.

Methods
Study communities were randomized to 3 arms: A, combination-prevention intervention with universal ART; B, combination-prevention intervention with ART according to local guidelines; and C, standard of care. Samples were collected from people with HIV (PWH) during a survey visit conducted 2 years after study implementation: these samples were tested for 22 antiretroviral (ARV) drugs. Antiretroviral therapy uptake was defined as detection of ≥1 ARV drug. Resistance was evaluated in 612 randomly selected viremic participants. A 2-stage, cluster-based approach was used to assess the impact of the study intervention on ART uptake.

Results
Antiretroviral drugs were detected in 4419 of 6207 (71%) samples (Arm A, 73%; Arm B, 70%; Arm C, 60%); 4140 (94%) of samples with ARV drugs had viral loads &lt;400 copies/mL. Drug resistance was observed in 237 of 612 (39%) viremic participants (95 of 102 [93%] with ARV drugs; 142 of 510 [28%] without drugs). Antiretroviral therapy uptake was associated with older age, female sex, enrollment year, seroconverter status, and self-reported ART (all P &lt; .001). The adjusted risk ratio for ART uptake was similar for Arm A versus C (1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], .94–1.54; P = .12) and Arm B versus C (1.14; 95% CI, .89–1.46; P = .26).

Conclusions
At the 2-year survey, 71% of PWH were on ART and 94% of those participants were virally suppressed. Universal testing and treatment was not significantly associated with increased ART uptake in this cohort.
Sociology Revised
Authors: Al-Hardan Anaheed 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Sociology as a modern discipline was born in the capitals of imperialist societies, and its early proponents were concerned with elaborating rules of progress that justified the geopolitical status quo of empires. Unlike his early peers, however, W. E. B. Du Bois based his sociological analysis of the social relations of empires on an anticolonial political commitment. This chapter considers Du Bois’s anticolonial social theory as elaborated in his reflections on the emergent post–World War II global order. It considers his theorization of colonial modernity, the geopolitical divisions of empires, the rationality of colonialism, the relationship between capitalism and colonialism, and colonial knowledge production, as well as the weaknesses and shortcomings in his analysis. The chapter argues that the inclusion of anticolonial social thinkers like Du Bois in sociology recenters colonialism and empires as analytic categories of analysis, making the discipline relevant to the understanding of a world that continues to be marked by colonialism and neocolonialism today.
Feminist Perspectives on Disability, Impairment, and
Ableness
Authors: Chouinard Vera 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines some of the key developments in, and contributions of, feminist perspectives on disability. It argues that both the disability and women’s movements failed to acknowledge and engage with disabled women’s lives. This was an impetus to sharing personal accounts of disabled women’s oppression—some of which were autoethnographic, and others biographical. The general aim, much like that of the women’s liberation movement, was to make the “personal” political and in doing so to provide opportunities for social change. This was a form of consciousness-raising in feminist disability studies and activism. And it contributed to feminist efforts to bring the body and mind back into critical analyses of disability—a focus that had been jeopardized as strong social models of disability that equated disability with social barriers to inclusion, and became increasingly influential among disability scholars and activists. The new millennium has seen feminist accounts of disability further develop and change. Growing emphasis on intersectionality has encouraged a multiplicity of differences to be considered in understanding the lives and oppression of disabled people. This includes studies that broaden the range of mind and body differences considered to be disabling (e.g., being “fat”). Engagement with the interdisciplinary literature on queer studies is encouraging new perspectives on disability, impairment, and ableness including attempts to situate the oppression of disabled people in the dynamics of contemporary global capitalism. In these times of pandemic and war, we urgently need to build on this work to struggle for more enabling societies and places of life.
Aesthetics, Politics, Rhetoric
Authors: Struever Nancy 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
R. G. Collingwood’s early work in art inquiry was of signal importance to his innovations in general inquiry. The Pembroke Trinity Term Lectures of 1924, the Speculum Mentis of 1924, and the Outlines of a Philosophy of Art of 1925 formed an account that took into consideration all experience and mental activity and thus must focus on aesthetic experience and art activity. This energized Collingwood’s critique of Oxonian philosophy and invests his early interest in Aristotle’s De anima and the work of Hobbes and Vico; thus, we have his essay on contemporary political thinking and rhetorical practice in New Leviathan.
An Ethics of Public Political Deliberation
Authors: Chambers Simone 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter outlines an ethics of public political deliberation with particular attention to the question of the appropriate or inapposite use of rhetoric in the public sphere. Informed by deliberative democracy theory, it argues that standards of appropriateness must themselves be the subject of public debate. Although no rhetorical styles are in principle excluded, all rhetorical dimensions must be open to criticism and question. This argument rejects any suggestion that deliberative democracy insists on a rationalism that either excludes rhetoric or limits it to a narrow band of propositional truth statements offered in a neutral style. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of the relative success of Donald Trump’s rhetoric with his base, despite widespread criticism and public condemnation. The analysis attributes this success to the insulation of many of his supporters from the salutary effect of broad public evidence-driven debate and suggests that such debate is not dead in the mainstream American public sphere.