bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Das Selbstkonzept im Schulfach Musik: Einbettung in die Forschung zum akademischen Selbstkonzept
Authors: Arens A. Katrin , Fiedler Daniel , Hasselhorn Johannes 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Studie untersucht das Selbstkonzept im Schulfach Musik im Kontext der aktuellen Forschung zum bereichsspezifischen akademischen Selbstkonzept. Dazu werden die Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Selbstkonzept im Schulfach Musik und (1) Selbstkonzepten in weiteren Schulfächern und bezogen auf Schule allgemein, (2) Noten und (3) intrinsischen Werten in verschiedenen Schulfächern geprüft. Weiter werden Unterschiede in der Struktur und in den Mittelwerten verschiedener akademischer Selbstkonzepte mitsamt dem Selbstkonzept für das Schulfach Musik zwischen Jungen und Mädchen sowie zwischen musikalisch aktiven und nicht-aktiven Schülerinnen und Schülern untersucht. Die Stichprobe umfasste N = 442 Schülerinnen und Schülern der Klassenstufen 7 bis 9. Das Selbstkonzept im Schulfach Musik zeigte einen höheren Zusammenhang zu Selbstkonzepten verbaler Schulfächer als zu Selbstkonzepten mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlicher Schulfächer. Weiter zeigte das Selbstkonzept im Schulfach Musik höhere Zusammenhänge zur Note und zum intrinsischen Wert im selben Fach als zur Note und zu intrinsischen Werten anderer Schulfächer. Musikalisch aktive und nicht-aktive Schüler unterschieden sich nicht in der Struktur, aber in den Mittelwerten der akademischen Selbstkonzepte. Das gleiche galt für Jungen und Mädchen, wobei der Geschlechtseffekt im Mittelwert für das Selbstkonzept im Schulfach Musik zugunsten der Mädchen auf die ungleiche Geschlechtsverteilung in der musikalischen Aktivität zurückging. Die Ergebnisse lassen den Schluss zu, dass sich bekannte Phänomene des akademischen Selbstkonzepts auf das Selbstkonzept im Schulfach Musik übertragen lassen.
Housing Space in England at the Neighbourhood-Level, 1971 to 2017
Authors: Lloyd Christopher D. , Gleeson James 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhile most discussions of housing in the UK tend to focus on national or regional scales, the level of diversity within regions means that measuring trends at neighbourhood level is vital for a more complete understanding of how housing markets and housing conditions are changing. Using small area data also enables identification of hot spots of changing housing demand as well as charting changes in the composition of housing stock in neighbourhoods. This paper makes use of a new dataset, developed as a part of the PopChange project, which enables analysis of population and housing change using Census data for neighbourhoods across England since 1971. The data reveal considerable neighbourhood-level diversity in trends throughout this period. Notable trends identified include a marked increase in overcrowding in outer London over the period 1971–2011, a decrease in the number of rooms per person across much of the wider south east between 2001 and 2011, and large increases in average household size in parts of London, Birmingham, Bradford, and Oldham. Administrative data for 2015 and 2017 allow a post 2011 Census perspective on the number of dwellings per person. When measured in terms of dwellings per person, housing space increased at regional level over the period everywhere except London, but there is considerable variation and all regions contain neighbourhoods with declining numbers of dwellings per person.
The Health of Immigrant Youth in Denmark: Examining Immigrant Generations and Origin
Authors: Tegunimataka Anna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFirst-generation migrants tend to have better health than those of native ancestry, while second-generation migrants often are affected by negative health assimilation. Less is known about immigrants arriving before their teens, the 1.5 generation, or those with one native and one immigrant parent, the 2.5 generation. We apply logistic regression models to study physical and mental health outcomes for immigrant youth across generations using Danish register data. We take heterogeneities into account studying gender and origin differences. Our analysis shows that first- and 1.5-generation immigrants have better physical health than natives, while the physical health of the second and 2.5 generations is the same or worse than natives. For mental health, the 2.5 generation is the only group with worse outcomes than natives, which we relate to identification struggles translating into poorer mental health. When studying potential heterogeneities, we find that males belonging to the second generation with an African background have a higher likelihood of hospitalization for a mental health issue.
Transkatheterverfahren zur Behandlung der primären und sekundären Mitralklappeninsuffizienz. Wie sind die Ergebnisse in klinischen Studien?
Authors: Barth U. 
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die perkutanen Verfahren (z. B. Pascal, MitraClip und Tendyne) werden zur Behandlung der symptomatischen primären und sekundären Mitralklappeninsuffizienz („MI“) verschiedener Schweregrade gemäß der europäischen Leitlinie angewendet. Die chirurgischen Verfahren haben unter definierten Bedingungen einen höheren Empfehlungsgrad. Die vorliegende Arbeit analysiert die Vor- und Nachteile der perkutanen Verfahren, die Ergebnisse aus klinischen Studien und gibt einen Ausblick auf die Bedeutung von neueren Verfahren wie den Transkathetermitralklappenersatz (TMVR).

Methoden
Die Effektivität und Sicherheit (z. B. MI-Reduktion, Komplikationsraten) der Verfahren im Vergleich zu Behandlungsalternativen in klinischen Studien werden anhand einer Literaturanalyse (2003–2022) und der BfArM-Datenbank bewertet.

Ergebnisse
Die Behandlung mit MitraClip hat sich in den letzten Jahren auch in klinischen Studien (z. B. MI-Reduktion ≤ 1+) bewährt. Inzwischen wird das Produkt zur Therapie der primären und sekundären Mitralklappeninsuffizienz verwendet. Im Vergleich zeigt die Analyse einer Studie aus der BfArM-Datenbank zur direkten Anuloplastie (2-Jahres-Follow-up, Anwendung bei Hochrisiko-OP-Patienten, sekundäre MR ≥ 3+) die spezifischen Vorteile (insgesamt deutliche Besserung der NYHA-Klassen und MI-Grade) und Risiken (z. B. Ankerablösungen mit z. T. ineffektiver MI-Reduktion bei 8,3 % der implantierten Patienten).

Diskussion
In den letzten Jahren hat eine rasante Entwicklung bei den perkutanen Verfahren zur Therapie der Mitralklappeninsuffizienz stattgefunden. Sie haben Vorteile, bergen aber auch produktspezifische Risiken (z. B. bei TMVR die LVOT-Obstruktion). Bei MitraClip wird die erweiterte Indikation (intermediäres Operationsrisiko) derzeit in einer klinischen Studie (REPAIR MR) untersucht. Das BfArM begrüßt die Ausweitung entsprechender Evidenz und wird die weitere Entwicklung im Hinblick auf die Verfügbarkeit sicherer und leistungsfähiger Medizinprodukte für Patientinnen und Patienten im Blick behalten.
Intention to Transfer and Transfer Following eLearning in Spain
Authors: Quesada-Pallarès Carla , González-Ortiz-de-Zárate Aitana , Pineda-Herrero Pilar , Cascallar Eduardo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnderstanding vocational learning and transfer is vital to European citizens. We need to understand how transfer works, which factors influence it, and how these factors affect employee behaviour. Research in online training specific to Southern Europe is needed to move the field forward. The Unified Model of Motivation for Training Transfer (MTT) was proposed to understand behaviour change after training. It conceives three phases: (1) forming transfer intentions, (2) actualizing implementation intentions for transfer, and (3) strengthening transfer commitment. We analysed initial transfer intention and transfer following online training in three Spanish organisations. We used an ex post facto prospective design with one group (n = 204). We applied the online version of the Initial Transfer Intention questionnaire (ITI) three days before the training, and the Transfer Questionnaire (TrQ) three to four months after the training. Training consisted of 22 online courses offered by the three participating organisations. A cluster analysis and post hoc analysis were performed. We identified three groups (k = 3), indicating that there were significant differences in the means between employees with low and high intention to transfer. Results showed a greater difference in the factor profile between participants with LowPT and HighPT. We identified common characteristics among people with low levels of transfer; this information can help understand what type of employee will transfer less and provide cues on how to prevent this from happening in future training activities. Limitations and recommendations for research and practice are discussed.
Nine year in-hospital mortality trends in a high-flow level one trauma center in Italy
Authors: Reitano Elisa , Bini Roberto , Difino Margherita , Chiara Osvaldo , Cimbanassi Stefania 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTrauma is the leading cause of death in young people with a considerable socio-economic impact worldwide. A trimodal distribution of trauma mortality was described in the past, but recently different studies underlined a progressive change in trauma mortality distribution linked to improvement in trauma care. This study aimed to analyze the mortality trends in a Level-One Trauma Center in Italy. Data on 6065 patients consecutively admitted to the Trauma Center between 2011 and 2020 were selected and retrospectively analyzed. Causes of Death (CODs) and time of death were stratified in four main groups and the patient sample was further divided into five age groups. Multivariate regression models were then performed to identify independent predictors of mortality. The most common COD in all age groups was Central Nervous System injuries. Immediate deaths (in ED) affected mostly patients over 75 years of age (34.3%). Deaths caused by massive hemorrhage occurred soon upon arrival in the ED, whereas deaths due to other causes (e.g. sepsis, MOF) after the first week. Patients’ characteristics, the need for emergency procedures and high trauma severity scores were independent predictors of deaths. This study represented the first analysis on trauma mortality distribution in Italy over a nine-year period. The trimodal distribution described in the past seems to be no longer present in Italy, due to improvements in trauma systems and critical care. However, the high number of immediate and acute deaths underlies a persisting need for efforts in injury prevention and control .
Predicting EHL film thickness parameters by machine learning approaches
Authors: Marian Max , Mursak Jonas , Bartz Marcel , Profito Francisco J. , Rosenkranz Andreas , Wartzack Sandro 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNon-dimensional similarity groups and analytically solvable proximity equations can be used to estimate integral fluid film parameters of elastohydrodynamically lubricated (EHL) contacts. In this contribution, we demonstrate that machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) approaches (support vector machines, Gaussian process regressions, and artificial neural networks) can predict relevant film parameters more efficiently and with higher accuracy and flexibility compared to sophisticated EHL simulations and analytically solvable proximity equations, respectively. For this purpose, we use data from EHL simulations based upon the full-system finite element (FE) solution and a Latin hypercube sampling. We verify that the original input data are required to train ML approaches to achieve coefficients of determination above 0.99. It is revealed that the architecture of artificial neural networks (neurons per layer and number of hidden layers) and activation functions influence the prediction accuracy. The impact of the number of training data is exemplified, and recommendations for a minimum database size are given. We ultimately demonstrate that artificial neural networks can predict the locally-resolved film thickness values over the contact domain 25-times faster than FE-based EHL simulations (R2 values above 0.999). We assume that this will boost the use of ML approaches to predict EHL parameters and traction losses in multibody system dynamics simulations.
Protective Clothing Reduces Lower Limb Injury Severity Against Propelled Sand Debris in a Laboratory Setting
Authors: Rankin Iain A. , Nguyen Thuy-Tien N. , McMenemy Louise , Breeze John , Clasper Jonathan C. , Masouros Spyros D. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The contribution of energised environmental debris to injury patterns of the blast casualty is not known. The extent to which personal protective equipment (PPE) limits the injuries sustained by energised environmental debris following an explosive event is also not known. In this study, a cadaveric model exposed to a gas-gun mediated sand blast was utilised which reproduced soft-tissue injuries representative of those seen clinically following blast. Mean sand velocity across experiments was 506 ± 80 ms−1. Cadaveric samples wearing standard-issue PPE were shown to have a reduced injury severity to sand blast compared to control: a statistically significant reduction was seen in the total surface area (143 mm2vs. 658 mm2, p = 0.004) and depth of injuries (0 vs. 23 deep injuries, odds ratio = 0.0074, 95% confidence intervals 0.0004–0.1379). This study is the first to recreate wounds from propelled sand in a human cadaveric model. These findings implicate environmental debris, such as sand ejected from a blast event, as a critical mechanism of injury in the blast casualty. Tier 1 pelvic PPE was shown to reduce markedly the severity of injury. This injury mechanism should be a key focus of future research and mitigation strategies.
Superconductor superfluid density from the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer/Bose crossover theory
Authors: Chávez Israel , Grether Marcela , de Llano Manuel 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The superfluid density $$n_{s}(T)$$

n
s

(
T
)

of a superconductor is calculated based on the generalized Bose–Einstein condensation (GBEC) theory that addresses a fully-interacting ternary boson-fermion gas mixture of free electrons as fermions, plus two-electron Cooper pairs (2eCPs) and also, explicitly, two-hole Cooper pairs (2hCPs), both as bosons. Here we consider two special cases (i) 100%–0% (i.e., with no condensed 2hCPs) and (ii) 0%–100% (i.e., with no condensed 2eCPs). Subsumed in GBEC are the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) and Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) theories along with the BCS-BEC crossover theory extended with 2hCPs. We find that in the weak-coupling regime $$n_{s}(0)$$

n
s

(
0
)

agrees with data from the Uemura et al. (2004) graph for several elemental SCs by taking in 3D with a quadratic energy-dispersion relation while in 2D with a linear relation are much too far below the data. In the strong-coupling regime the linear behavior of critical temperature $$T_{c}$$

T
c

vs $$n_{s}(0)$$

n
s

(
0
)

obtained here is just as Božović et al. (2016) found. However, in 2D with a linear relation accounting for 0%–100%, $$n_{s}(T)/n_{s}(0)$$

n
s

(
T
)

/

n
s

(
0
)

compares well with some high-$$T_{c}$$

T
c

-cuprate SC data between the two coupling regimes.
Edible insects: A bibliometric analysis and current trends of published studies (1953–2021)
Authors: Kavle Ruchita Rao , Pritchard Ellenna Tamsin Maree , Bekhit Alaa El-Din Ahmed , Carne Alan , Agyei Dominic 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEdible insects have huge potential as an important alternative food and feed, and research in this area has developed considerably over the past few decades. In this study, a bibliometric analysis was conducted for the first time to provide a quantitative and visualization analysis of the trends in the edible insect research landscape. Documents on 'edible insects' OR 'insects as food' OR 'entomophagy' published from 1953 until 2021 were retrieved from the Scopus database and analyzed in terms of publication output, active journals and countries, leading authors, and institutes, and main keywords. The VOSviewer program was used to visualize trends in the bibliographic information. A total of 1376 documents were published in this time duration on the topic. Meyer-Rochow, Van Huis; Journal of Insect as Food and Feed; and Wageningen University and Research were respectively the top publishing authors, leading journals, and research institutes. Keywords analysis and categorization of studies highlighted 'food security', 'food neophobia', 'functional properties', 'food processing', and 'sustainability' as some of the main areas of interest and research trends, and that research on 'edible insects' is highly multidisciplinary. We have surmised potential 'hotspot' areas of developing research and key players and activities that can drive the research and development of edible insects for use as food. International collaborations to bridge knowledge and habit of entomophagy in many developing countries with the skills and facilities of developed countries could lead to accelerated utilization and commercialization of this food source.
Graphical abstract
Preparation and Characterization of Porous Palygorskite/Carbon Composites through Zinc Chloride Activation for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhuang Yu , Wang Sheng , Liu Yin , Kong Lingbing , Li Jianjun , Chen Huayong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn order to develop high-performance adsorbents to remove toxic methylene blue (MB) from wastewater, palygorskite (Plg) was utilized as a template to prepare palygorskite/carbon (Plg/C) composites by using a hydrothermal reaction in the presence of glucose. The porous Plg/C composites were then activated with ZnCl2. The effects of the dose of the activator and the activation temperature on the crystal structure, micro-morphology, specific surface area, and adsorption performance of the porous Plg/C composites were studied systematically here. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results indicated that the crystal structure of Plg was destroyed during the activation process and irregular porous carbon was closely attached to the residual aluminosilicate skeleton. The activation was optimized at 400°C with a ZnCl2:Plg/C impregnation ratio of 2:1. The sample had a specific surface area of 1497.88 m2/g, together with a total pore volume and micropore volume of 1.0355 and 0.5464 cm3/g, respectively. The MB adsorption capacity was 381.04 mg/g. Such inexpensive, high-performance, porous Plg/C composites could find potential applications in wastewater treatment.
Subexponential potential asymptotics with applications
Authors: Knopova Victoria , Palmowski Zbigniew 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLet
$X_t^\sharp$
be a multivariate process of the form
$X_t =Y_t - Z_t$
,
$X_0=x$
, killed at some terminal time T, where
$Y_t$
is a Markov process having only jumps of length smaller than
$\delta$
, and
$Z_t$
is a compound Poisson process with jumps of length bigger than
$\delta$
, for some fixed
$\delta>0$
. Under the assumptions that the summands in
$Z_t$
are subexponential, we investigate the asymptotic behaviour of the potential function
$u(x)= \mathbb{E}^x \int_0^\infty \ell\big(X_s^\sharp\big)ds$
. The case of heavy-tailed entries in
$Z_t$
corresponds to the case of ‘big claims’ in insurance models and is of practical interest. The main approach is based on the fact that u(x) satisfies a certain renewal equation.
Prevalence of postpartum anaemia and iron deficiency by serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor and total body iron, and associations with ethnicity and clinical factors: a Norwegian population-based cohort study
Authors: Næss-Andresen Marthe-Lise , Jenum Anne Karen , Berg Jens Petter , Falk Ragnhild Sørum , Sletner Line 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWorldwide, there are limited data on the prevalence of postpartum anaemia and iron status. The aims of the present study were to assess the prevalence of anaemia and iron deficiency (ID) by three iron indicators 14 weeks postpartum, their relations to haemoglobin (Hb) and associations with ethnicity and clinical factors in a multi-ethnic population. We conducted a population-based cohort study of 573 women followed from early pregnancy. The prevalence of postpartum anaemia (Hb <12·0 g/dl) was 25 %. ID prevalence varied from 39 % by serum ferritin (SF <15 μg/l), to 19 % by soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR >4·4 mg/l) and 22 % by total body iron (TBI < 0 mg/kg). The mean Hb concentration was 12·8 g/dl in women with no ID, 12·6 g/dl in those with ID by SF only and 11·6 g/dl in those with ID by SF, sTfR and TBI. ID by sTfR and TBI defined by the current threshold values probably identified a more severe iron-deficient population compared with ID assessed by SF. Compared with Western Europeans, the prevalence of anaemia was at least the double in ethnic minorities (26–40 %v. 14 %;P< 0·01–0·05), and the prevalence of ID by sTfR and TBI, but not of ID by SF < 15 μg/l, was significantly higher in some minority groups. After adjustment for covariates, only South Asians had lower Hb and higher sTfR concentration. Insufficient iron intake, gestational anaemia or ID, and postpartum haemorrhage were associated with lower postpartum Hb concentration and poorer iron status.
COMPUTABLE REDUCIBILITY OF EQUIVALENCE RELATIONS AND AN EFFECTIVE JUMP OPERATOR
Authors: CLEMENS JOHN D. , COSKEY SAMUEL , KRAKOFF GIANNI 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe introduce the computable FS-jump, an analog of the classical Friedman–Stanley jump in the context of equivalence relations on the natural numbers. We prove that the computable FS-jump is proper with respect to computable reducibility. We then study the effect of the computable FS-jump on computably enumerable equivalence relations (ceers).
Anthropometry, body composition, early growth and chronic disease risk factors among Zambian adolescents exposed or not to perinatal maternal HIV
Authors: Filteau Suzanne , Kasonka Lackson , Wells Jonathan C. K. , Munthali Grace , Chisenga Molly , Rehman Andrea Mary 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEarly life exposures and growth patterns may affect long-term risk of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD). We followed up in adolescence two Zambian cohorts (n322) recruited in infancy to investigate how two early exposures – maternal HIV exposure without HIV infection (HEU) and early growth profile – were associated with later anthropometry, body composition, blood lipids, Hb and HbA1c, blood pressure and grip strength. Although in analyses controlled for age and sex, HEU children were thinner, but not shorter, than HIV-unexposed, uninfected (HUU) children, with further control for socio-demographic factors, these differences were not significant. HEU children had higher HDL-cholesterol than HUU children and marginally lower HbA1c but no other biochemical or clinical differences. We identified three early growth profiles – adequate growth, declining and malnourished – which tracked into adolescence when differences in anthropometry and body fat were still seen. In adolescence, the early malnourished group, compared with the adequate group, had lower blood TAG and higher HDL, lower grip strength (difference: −1·87 kg, 95 % CI −3·47, −0·27;P= 0·02) and higher HbA1c (difference: 0·5 %, 95 % CI 0·2, 0·9;P= 0·005). Lower grip strength and higher HbA1c suggest the early malnourished children could be at increased risk of NCD in later life. Including early growth profile in analyses of HIV exposure reduced the associations between HIV and outcomes. The results suggest that perinatal HIV exposure may have no long-term effects unless accompanied by poor early growth. Reducing the risk of young child malnutrition may lessen children’s risk of later NCD.