bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aggregation Induced Emission Supramolecular Functionalized Benzimidazole Hydrogel for Metal‐Ion Responsive and Fluorescent Anti‐Counterfeiting
Authors: Hu Yin‐Ping , Naeem Muhammad , Wang Jiao , Yao Hong , Zhang You‐Ming , Wei Tai‐Bao , Lin Qi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStimuli‐responsive supramolecular hydrogels have established increasing attention for many applications, owing to the dynamic covalent bonds and dynamic combination chemistry involved in the construction of supramolecular hydrogels. We designate the fabrication of a new supramolecular hydrogel G2 based‐on benzimidazole in the presence of ethylene glycol/water with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) property. The hydrogel demonstrates interesting switchable ON‐OFF fluorescence along with the Gel‐Sol transition. With the addition of Fe3+, the AIE of hydrogel G2 was quenched meanwhile the gel state was destroyed. G2 shows tunable stimuli‐responsive for Fe3+ and interesting optical sensing properties. This outstanding behavior endows the hydrogel G2 with the capability of being used as anti‐counterfeiting.
Neutral and Cationic Phenothiazine‐Based Porous Organic Polymers via a Simple and Cost‐Effective Method for Iodine Capture
Authors: Wang Zhitao , Huang Yanju , Li Hui , Li Xiu‐Mei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe phenothiazine‐based porous organic polymers (PTA‐POPs) were constructed through a facile and cost‐effective method. We used commercial phenothiazine as aromatic building units, formaldehyde dimethyl acetal (FDA) as a crosslinker under the catalysis of anhydrous FeCl3, which afford PTA‐POPs with high yield. The phenothiazine‐based porous organic polymers possessed good porosity, excellent thermal stability, and rich heteroatom sites in the skeleton. Cationic PTA‐POP (C‐PTA‐POP) was further synthesized via a simple process. Interestingly, the C‐PTA‐POP exhibited highly effective iodine vapor capture up to 3.69 g g−1, which is ranked the excellent performance among the reported POPs.
New Benzotrithiophene‐Based Hole‐Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells: Succinct Synthesis and PCE Improvement
Authors: Lin Li , Hsu Chia‐Chi , Lee Kun‐Mu , Lin Mei‐Yu , Peng Yi‐Kai , Liu Ching‐Yuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe report a succinct synthesis of benzotrithiophene (BTT) core‐based new hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) with t‐butyl terminal substituents, using boron‐ and tin‐free threefold direct C−H/C−Br couplings as key transformations. One of the synthesized oligoaryls (YKP05) incorporating additional 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) moiety as π‐spacers displayed significantly improved power conversion efficiency of up to 15.1 % while fabricated in perovskite solar cells as hole‐transporting layer.
A Potentiometric Sensor for the Determination of Pb(II) Ions in Different Environmental Samples
Authors: Özbek Oguz , Gezegen Hayreddin , Cetin Alper , Isildak Ömer 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, a novel PVC‐based membrane containing (E)‐2‐(1‐(4‐(3‐(4‐chlorophenyl)ureido)phenyl)ethylidene)hydrazine carbothioamide (5) as an electroactive component (ionophore) along with potassium tetrakis (p‐chlorophenyl) borate (KTpClPB) and bis(2‐ethylhexyl)adipate (DEHA) in the ratio 4.0 : 32.0 : 1.0 : 63.0 (ionophore:PVC:KTpClPB:DEHA) (w/w) was used to develop a lead(II)‐selective potentiometric sensor. The sensor exhibited a Nernstian response over a wide concentration range from 1.0×10−5 to 1.0×10−1 mol L−1 with a slope of 28.0±2.0 mV/decade, and a detection limit of 1.65×10−6 mol L−1. It displayed very good selectivity towards Pb(II) ions over other cationic species. The lead(II)‐selective sensor showed a fast response time of 5 s, good repeatability, and it worked in the broad pH range of 5.0–11.0. The sensor could be used as an indicator electrode in the quantification of Pb(II) by potentiometric titration against ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). In addition, this sensor was applied for the direct determination of Pb(II) in different water samples including spring water, purification water, commercial water, waste water and in a waste battery sample.
Silver‐Catalyzed Regioselective Alkylation of Chromones with Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Xu Xiao‐Feng , Guo Lu , Liu Yuan‐Xin , He Xing‐Zi , Guo Yu , Zeng Yao‐Fu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHerein, we report a silver‐catalyzed regioselective alkylation of chromones with alkyl carboxylic acids under mild conditions. Various alkyl groups including tert‐butyl, cyclohexyl especially adamantyl could be successfully installed at C2 site of chromones in moderate to good yields. A gram‐scale experiment was conducted and a plausible mechanism was proposed.
Efficient Synthesis of Imines by Oxidative Coupling Catalyzed by Ce‐Mn Oxide Microspheres
Authors: Chutimasakul Threeraphat , Tirdtrakool Warinda , Na Nakhonpanom Pakamon , Kreethatorn Hemmarat , Jaruwatee Pattamaporn , Bunchuay Thanthapatra , Tantirungrotechai Jonggol 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOxidative self‐coupling of amines and cross‐coupling with alcohols are important reactions for the synthesis of imines; however, catalytic systems for these reactions usually require expensive oxidant, complicated catalyst preparation, complex reaction set‐up, and/or additives such as bases or cocatalysts. Here, we report that amorphous cerium‐manganese (Ce−Mn) oxides with hierarchical microsphere structure prepared by a facile method could exhibit excellent catalytic performance for the synthesis of various imines using air as the green oxidant under mild conditions. The Ce−Mn oxide heterogeneous catalysts could also be easily recovered and efficiently recycled without significant loss of activities. The excellent activities and the reusability of the Ce−Mn oxide microspheres offer potential advances in the synthesis of imine.
Multimodal Bubble Microrobot Near an Air–Water Interface
Authors: Wang Leilei , Chen Li , Zheng Xu , Yu Zexiong , Lv Wenchao , Sheng Minjia , Wang Lina , Nie Pengcheng , Li Hangyu , Guan Dongshi , Cui Haihang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe development of multifunctional and robust swimming microrobots working at the free air–liquid interface has encountered challenge as new manipulation strategies are needed to overcome the complicated interfacial restrictions. Here, flexible but reliable mechanisms are shown that achieve a remote‐control bubble microrobot with multiple working modes and high maneuverability by the assistance of a soft air–liquid interface. This bubble microrobot is developed from a hollow Janus microsphere (JM) regulated by a magnetic field, which can implement switchable working modes like pusher, gripper, anchor, and sweeper. The collapse of the microbubble and the accompanying directional jet flow play a key role for functioning in these working modes, which is analogous to a “bubble tentacle.” Using a simple gamepad, the orientation and the navigation of the bubble microrobot can be easily manipulated. In particular, a speed modulation method is found for the bubble microrobot, which uses vertical magnetic field to control the orientation of the JM and the direction of the bubble‐induced jet flow without changing the fuel concentration. The findings demonstrate a substantial advance of the bubble microrobot specifically working at the air–liquid interface and depict some nonintuitive mechanisms that can help develop more complicated microswimmers.
Effect of parameters on retention behavior of ovalbumin and immunoglobulin E in asymmetrical flow field‐flow fractionation
Authors: Liang Qihui , Li Yang , Zou Yue , Shu Lin , Han Nanyin , Yang Yi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAsymmetrical flow field‐flow fractionation is a rising useful technique to separate and characterize macromolecules. Elution behaviors of allergen protein ovalbumin and immunoglobulin E were studied here. Effects of flow rates, kinds of carrier solutions, and injection amounts were investigated in the desire to experiment and verify the effect of every factor and to validate asymmetrical flow field‐flow fractionation theory. Results suggested that cross‐flow is the most important factor among all the factors that have been studied. Too‐low focus flow (0.5 ml/min) and outflow (0.4 ml/min) are harmful for protein separation and characterization. Smaller size ovalbumin (with a monomer is 11.4 nm) is more prone to be influenced compared with the bigger analyte immunoglobulin E (with a monomer diameter is 32.1 nm) by flow rates. The adopted types of carrier fluids did not change the retention behavior of the two proteins. Still, protein aggregation and membrane adsorption should be paid more attention to under different carrier fluids.
Humeral unicondylar fractures in immature dogs treated using a bone screw and Kirschner wire
Authors: Butterworth Steven J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the incidence of implant‐related complications when humeral unicondylar fractures in immature dogs are stabilised with a transcondylar bone screw and epicondylar Kirschner wire (K‐wire)/pin.MethodsRecords of cases treated by the author in this clinic over a 10‐year period were screened for those involving humeral condylar fractures. These were then reduced to include those patients who were less than 7 months of age with unicondylar fractures and follow‐up radiographs.ResultsThirty fractures in 29 dogs met the inclusion criteria. All of these had been stabilised with a transcondylar bone screw and epicondylar K‐wire. Fracture healing was documented in all dogs. Surgical site infection was not recorded. Implant‐related major complications were reported in four (13%) dogs and successfully treated by either implant removal or replacement. Short‐term outcome was judged as excellent in 23 out of 30 and good in seven out of 30 of these fractures.ConclusionThe use of a transcondylar bone screw in combination with an epicondylar K‐wire is an appropriate fixation method for humeral unicondylar fractures seen in puppies less than 7 months of age.
APd2Zn3 (A=Ca, Sr, Eu) with a CaCu5 superstructure
Authors: Gerke Birgit , Niehaus Oliver , Block Theresa , Reimann Maximilian Kai , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe intermetallic phases APd2Zn3 (A=Ca, Sr, Eu) were synthesized from the elements in sealed niobium ampules in an induction furnace. The phase purity of the samples was checked by powder X‐ray diffraction (Guinier technique). The structures were refined from single crystal X‐ray diffractometer data: YNi2Al3 type (CaCu5 superstructure), P6/mmm, a=936.97(4), c=420.75(2) pm, wR2=0.0206, 259 F2 values, 17 variables for CaPd2Zn3, a=953.63(6), c=425.38(3) pm, wR2=0.0185, 230 F2 values, 17 variables for SrPd2Zn3 and a=948.20(7), c=423.20(3) pm, wR2=0.0209, 228 F2 values, 18 variables for EuPd2.12(1)Zn2.88(1). The europium‐based crystal showed a small homogeneity range through Pd/Zn mixing. The striking structural motifs of the APd2Zn3 phases are Kagome networks formed by the palladium and zinc atoms. The superstructure formation (discussed on the basis of a Bärnighausen tree) results from a different Pd/Zn coloring and a shift of one A position by c/2. The divalent character of europium in EuPd2Zn3 was substantiated by magnetic susceptibility and 151Eu Mössbauer spectroscopic measurements. EuPd2Zn3 orders ferrimagnetically at TC=17.5(5) K. The magnetization behavior at 3 K (two‐step magnetization) confirms the existence of two crystallographically independent europium sites. The 151Eu Mössbauer spectrum at 5 K shows full magnetic hyperfine field splitting (δ=−8.99(4) mm s−1 and BHf=27.7(1) T).
Learner Characteristics and Competencies
Authors: Yalçın Yasin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe advances in technology and the demand for open, distance, and digital education redefined the characteristics and competencies of learners in these learning environments. Although technology ownership and access to an Internet connection are growing worldwide, there is still a significant number of learners in need of a computer and Internet access to benefit from the advantages offered by new learning environments. As a result, the obstacles in technology ownership and access put a group of learners from a low socioeconomic status and minorities in a disadvantaged position and prevent them from engaging in learning experiences. Indirectly, these learners also struggle to develop digital competencies due to their limited access to technology-rich environments. This chapter elaborates on the characteristics of learners in open, distance, and digital education environments with respect to their technology ownership and access, presents a number of competency frameworks, and discusses how the competencies included in the frameworks apply to open, distance, and digital education. The chapter opens with the role of technology in new learning environments and how technology ownership and access vary among certain demographics as well as developed, developing, and underdeveloped countries. The introduction is followed by learner characteristics with respect to varying technology access and ownership among demographics and the implications of technology ownership and access for open, distance, and digital education. Finally, a number of competency frameworks were presented and discussed in regard to their contributions to the development of a competency set for learners in open, distance, and digital education environments.
Conversations on Indigenous Centric ODDE Design
Authors: Restoule Jean-Paul , Snow Kathy 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn reviewing Indigenous approaches to open, distance, and digital education, the authors found that Indigenous people have been keen to adopt and adapt technologies for their own uses and purposes but are less successful in controlling and creating technologies that dominate the learning landscape. Given the scant literature available on this topic, using the methodologies of kitchen table talks, the authors dialogue their experiences working with Indigenous people and designs in open, distance, and online teaching and education. Through their storytelling, the authors elicit examples of experience in postsecondary education contexts in Canada including the use of talking circles, blended and inclusive learning, development of safe spaces and hubs, and challenges balancing home life and online learning. The importance of relationships, community connection, and validating self and identity in the learning experience were strong themes that emerged from the dialogue. Indigenous pedagogies and knowledges online is a relatively unexplored phenomenon and this initial foray into characteristics, successes, and challenges may be a starting point for future scholars to follow. By sharing highly contextualized narratives from Canada, we aim to increase the global dialogue around decolonizing ODDE and therefore end the chapter by examining our experience against ongoing international discussions.
Systematics of perturbatively flat flux vacua for CICYs
Authors: Carta Federico , Mininno Alessandro , Shukla Pramod 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we extend the analysis of scanning the perturbatively flat flux vacua (PFFV) for the type IIB orientifold compactifications on the mirror of the projective complete intersection Calabi-Yau (pCICY) 3-folds, which are realized as hypersurfaces in the product of complex projective spaces. The main objective of this scan is to investigate the behaviour of PFFV depending on the nature of CY 3-folds in the light of the observations made in [1] where it has been found that K3-fibered CY 3-folds have significantly large number of physical vacua as compared to other geometries. For this purpose, we present the PFFV statistics for all the 36 pCICYs with h1,1 = 2 and classify them into two categories of being K3-fibered model and non K3-fibered model. We subsequently confirm that all the K3-fibered models have a significantly large number of PFFV leading to physical vacua by fixing the axio-dilaton by non-perturbative effects, while only a couple of non K3-fibered models have such physical vacua. For h1,1 = 2 case, we have found that there are five pCICY 3-folds with the suitable exchange symmetry leading to the so-called exponentially flat flux vacua (EFFV) which are protected against non-perturbative prepotential effects as well. By exploring the underlying exchange symmetries in the favorable CY 3-folds with h1,1 ≥ 3 in the dataset of 7820 pCICYs, we have found that there are only 13 spaces which can result in EFFV configurations, and therefore most of the CY 3-folds are a priory suitable for fixing the dilaton valley of the flat vacua using the non-perturbative prepotential contributions.
A Hexagonal Pattern in the Paraninfo at the Universidad de Alcalá
Authors: De-Miguel-Sanchez Manuel , Gonzalez Duque Carlos , Chías Navarro Pilar , Abad Balboa Tomas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the sixteenth century, the assembly hall, or Paraninfo, at the recently inaugurated Universidad de Alcalá was known as the pieça del theatro. This study focuses on the layouts and proportions designed for this hall, which could be the key to understanding the whole project as a Renaissance theater that was singularly inspired by Roman models. Specifically, the hexagonal pattern of the coffered ceiling represents a genuine formal exploration in comparison with other wooden ceilings having similar geometric bases. All this led us to study this uncommon masterpiece as a proposal for a new model toward an intellectual and architectural recovery of the Antiquity, in the core of the Universidad, conceived for the representation of academic ceremonies and humanistic theater.
The influence of inter-hospital transfers on mortality in severely injured patients
Authors: Waalwijk Job F. , Lokerman Robin D. , van der Sluijs Rogier , Fiddelers Audrey A. A. , den Hartog Dennis , Leenen Luke P. H. , Poeze Martijn , van Heijl Mark ,   on behalf of the Pre-hospital Trauma Triage Research Collaborative (PTTRC)
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The importance of treating severely injured patients in higher-level trauma centers is undisputable. However, it is uncertain whether severely injured patients that were initially transported to a lower-level trauma center (i.e., undertriage) benefit from being transferred to a higher-level trauma center.

Methods
This observational study included all severely injured patients (i.e., Injury Severity Score ≥ 16) that were initially transported to a lower-level trauma center within eight ambulance regions. The exposure of interest was whether a patient was transferred to a higher-level trauma center. Primary outcomes were 24-h and 30-day mortality. Generalized linear models including inverse probability weights for several potential confounders were constructed to evaluate the association between transfer status and mortality.

Results
We included 165,404 trauma patients that were transported with high priority to a trauma center, of which 3932 patients were severely injured. 1065 (27.1%) patients were transported to a lower-level trauma center of which 322 (30.2%) were transferred to a higher-level trauma center. Transferring undertriaged patients to a higher-level trauma center was significantly associated with reduced 24-h (relative risk [RR] 0.26, 95%-CI 0.10–0.68) and 30-day mortality (RR 0.65, 0.46–0.92). Similar results were observed in patients with critical injuries (24-h: RR 0.35, 0.16–0.77; 30-day: RR 0.55, 0.37–0.80) and patients with traumatic brain injury (24-h: RR 0.31, 0.11–0.83; 30-day: RR 0.66, 0.46–0.96).

Conclusions
A minority of the undertriaged patients are transferred to a higher-level trauma center. An inter-hospital transfer appears to be safe and may improve the survival of severely injured patients initially transported to a lower-level trauma center.
Knot tying in arthroplasty and arthroscopy causes lesions to surgical gloves: a potential risk of infection
Authors: Enz Andreas , Klinder Annett , Bisping Lucas , Lutter Christoph , Warnke Philipp , Tischer Thomas , Mittelmeier Wolfram , Lenz Robert 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Recent studies have shown that the incidence of glove lesions during arthroscopy is much lower than that during primary and revision arthroplasty. However, the rate of glove damage after knot tying has not yet been systematically recorded. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the impact of surgical knot tying on glove integrity. It was hypothesized that knot tying increases the rate of glove damage, especially in arthroscopic surgery, which could be of special relevance in the treatment of rotator cuff tears.

Methods
Gloves that were changed immediately before suturing and only worn during knot tying were investigated for their integrity by means of water tightening test according to EN455. A total of 234 gloves from 40 total hip arthroplasties (THAs), 42 total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) and 36 rotator cuff repairs (RCRs) were collected. A bacterial pass-through test (BPTT) on glove lesions was performed under simulated sterile surgical conditions for 3 surgeons after a wear duration of 45 min.

Results
Glove damage by knot tying occurred in 25% of THA, 36.6% of TKA and 25% of RCR surgeries. In THA, the pulling hand (PH) was affected in 46.2%, and the main area of damage (15.4%) was detected on the tip of the middle finger; in TKAs the PH was damaged in 75%, and in RCRs the PH was affected in 66.7%, with most of the lesions (20% each) occurring on the tip of the index finger and the ring finger. The BPTT showed Staphylococcus hominis and Bacillus cereus.

Conclusion
Intraoperative knot tying causes damage to gloves, which is of special relevance for arthroscopic surgery. Whereas knot tying is only partly responsible for glove damage in arthroplasty, the general rate of glove damage in arthroscopic surgery is low without knot tying. The surgical knot tying process must be understood as a possible damaging impact on the glove. Therefore, single gloving is not recommended, which is especially important in arthroscopic surgery, where double gloving is not yet standard.

Level of Evidence
IV.
Does the experience of the first assistant affect organ injuries in laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign diseases?
Authors: Tsuzuki Yoko , Hirata Takumi , Tsuzuki Shinya , Wada Shinichiro , Tamakoshi Akiko 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study sought to explore whether the experience level of the first assistant surgeon influences perioperative organ injuries (ureteral, bladder, and intestinal injuries) in patients undergoing total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) for benign diseases. We defined an experienced surgeon as a surgeon certified by the Skill Qualification Committee of the Japan Society of Gynecologic and Obstetric Endoscopy and Minimally Invasive Therapy or a surgeon with equivalent surgical skills.

Methods
We reviewed our surgical registry database of TLH for benign indications between 2014 and 2020 and only selected cases performed by an experienced primary surgeon. Patients were divided into two groups based on the experience level of the first assistant. Inverse probability of treatment weighting by propensity score, which was adjusted for patient and procedure characteristics, was used to examine differences in perioperative organ injuries according to the experience level of the first assistant.

Results
Among 1682 patients who underwent TLH, 18 organ injuries were found (0.83%). In the propensity score inverse probability of treatment weighting models, less experience of the first assistant had no significant impact on the occurrence of perioperative organ injuries (p = 0.348).

Conclusion
In TLH for benign indications at our hospital, given an experienced primary surgeon, the inclusion of a less experienced first assistant does not negatively affect the occurrence of perioperative organ injuries.