bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on gel properties of lysozyme‐free egg white before and after Lactiplantibacillus plantarum fermentation
Authors: Chen Jie , Wang Jing , Xu Lilan , Lv Yuanqi , Tang Tingting , Zhang Ming , Li Junhua , Su Yujie , Gu Luping , Yang Yanjun , Chang Cuihua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDIsolation of lysozyme from egg white (EW) using ion exchange resin adsorption method generates large quantities of lysozyme‐free egg white (LFEW) with poor gelling property. To maximize the applications of LFEW, the effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum fermentation on the gel properties of LFEW was investigated in this study.RESULTSThe fermentation efficiency of LFEW with lysozyme removed was significantly improved, and the sugar removal rate (2 g kg−1 Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, 37 °C, 7 h) was more than 90%. Removal of lysozyme resulted in increased stability and surface hydrophobicity of EW. After Lactiplantibacillus plantarum fermentation, the stability of EW decreased, and the average particle size and surface hydrophobicity increased. In addition, by comparing the gel properties of EW and LFEW before and after fermentation at different pH, it was found that the hardness, elasticity, and water holding capacity (WHC) of EW gel increased significantly. The removal of lysozyme effectively improved the WHC and springiness of the EW gel and promoted the formation of a denser network structure with smaller pores. After Lactiplantibacillus plantarum fermentation treatment, LFEW gel hardness decreased, with loose and porous network structure, no browning occurred after autoclaving.CONCLUSIONThis study provided the direction and theoretical basis for producing a fermented LFEW gel with pleasing texture and appearance. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Spatial heterogeneity of ecosystem services trade‐offs among ecosystem service bundles in an alpine mountainous region: A case‐ study in the Qilian Mountains, Northwest China
Authors: Teng Yanmin , Zhan Jinyan , Liu Wei , Chu Xi , Zhang Fan , Wang Chao , Wang Lanyuan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn mountainous areas with diverse climate, topography, and socio‐economic status, ecosystem services (ES) trade‐offs may differ largely in space. However, few researches have spatially identified the trade‐offs and influencing factors of ES in different regions. We selected the Qilian Mountains (QLM) as a study area and eight key ES [grain production (GP), livestock production (LP), water yield (WY), carbon sequestration (CS), water erosion prevention (WAEC), wind erosion prevention (WIEC), habitat quality (HQ), and sightseeing (SS)] were evaluated through spatially explicit models. K‐means clustering was used to identify the ES bundles. Trade‐offs between ES were identified using factor analysis. Natural and human drivers that influence the spatial differentiation of ES were explored through redundancy analysis. The results showed the eight ES had obvious spatial heterogeneity and could be clustered into three bundles. In the entire QLM, there were obvious synergies between most ES, especially GP, LP, CS, and SS. However, several trade‐offs existed in different bundles (e.g., HQ with GP, LP, CS, and SS in bundle 1; HQ with GP, LP, and SS in bundle 2; WIEC with WY and WAEC in bundle 3). Natural factors were the main factors affecting the spatial differentiation of ES, among which vegetation coverage, elevation, precipitation, and slope have higher explanatory degrees, but differences among three bundles were great. The influence of human factors on the provisioning and cultural services was relatively high in local areas. This study can provide references for formulating regional development strategies in the QLM and other mountainous regions.
Step‐Growth Polymerized Systems of General Type “AfiBgi”: A Method to Calculate the Bivariate (Molecular Size) × (Path Length) Distribution
Authors: Hillegers L. Tom , Slot Johan J. M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStep‐growth polymerized systems of general type “AfiBgi” are considered. The monomers bear one or more reactive groups of type A and/or B. An A group on one monomeric unit might react with a B group on another unit, thus coupling the two units. This process repeats itself randomly, and at a given degree of conversion, a wide range of polymeric molecules has formed, differing in both molecular size and in branching structure, determined by the laws of probability. In a slice of the molecular size distribution, all polymeric molecules have the same size, but differ in number and position of branching points. A method is presented to calculate the path length distribution for each such slice. Here, path length is the number of chemical bonds in the path connecting two monomeric units in the molecule. From the path length distribution, the light scattering function is calculated.
Ghost Fishing by Abandoned Trotlines in a Simulated and Actual Reservoir
Authors: McDonald Dusty L. , Schlechte J. Warren , Patterson Donovan A. , Binion Gregory R. , Boyles Amanda 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ghost fishing is described as the continuation of fishing by abandoned fishing gear. The freshwater trotline, a passive gear that is routinely found abandoned, has never been evaluated for its ability to ghost fish. We tested the effectiveness of top-water set trotlines to ghost fish in (1) a simulated reservoir (i.e., hatchery ponds) and (2) an actual reservoir. In our simulated reservoir, we exposed Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus to baited and bare (unbaited) hooks of two hook styles (circle and “J”) during the winter and summer seasons. We found that in the simulated reservoir, catch rates of baited hooks (mean = 18.4 fish per 24 hooks, standard error [SE] = 2.13) did not differ significantly from bare hooks (mean = 15.3 fish per 24 hooks, SE = 1.77), circle hooks were 1.5 times more effective at catching fish than “J” hooks (χ2 = 4.19, df = 1, P = 0.041), and fish were retained longer in the winter (mean = 12.7 d, SE = 0.66) compared to the summer (mean = 2.8 d, SE = 0.21). We used the actual reservoir portion to examine the long-term fishability and the overall longevity of the trotline gear during the same seasons. Catch was highest during the first week and decreased with time. Trotlines caught mostly fish (81.6%), and most catch (&gt;68%) occurred after the initial bait was lost. Winter-set trotlines captured more organisms (11.6 per 25-hook trotline; SE = 2.05) than summer-set trotlines (5.2; SE = 0.99). Trotline longevity was assessed by counting the fishable hooks through time. Longevity differed between seasons (P = 0.0039), and winter-set trotlines lasted longer (50% hook loss at 52 d, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [49, 77]) than summer-set trotlines (32 d, 95% CI = [24, 36]). This study confirms that abandoned freshwater trotlines do ghost fish and will continue for months after they are initially set.
Introduction
Authors: Axelsson Bodil , Cameron Fiona R. , Hauptman Katherine , Pietrobruno Sheenagh 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCuratorial agency is situated in the introduction via an elaboration of the intersection between the mission of public museums to care for collections and their increased reliance on digital capitalism’s social, technical and material infrastructures for the circulation of digitisations, narratives and new research findings. We explain how this book approaches curatorial agency in four individually authored chapters, each taking its own approach to museum knowledge and curatorial agency in regard to the junction of humanistic interpretations and new materialist and posthuman frameworks. Moreover, we explain how each chapter acts as a case study that tracks objects from the Swedish History Museum’s Viking Age collection to distinct technological spheres: Swedish discussion forums, YouTube, Pinterest and the vast infrastructures and destructive processes of Technospheric curation.
Tales of the Viking Helmet: Narrative Shifts from Museum Exhibitions to Personalised Search Requests
Authors: Pietrobruno Sheenagh 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe stories of museum objects on YouTube can counter and support those advanced by museums. How the narratives of the Viking helmet on YouTube reflect or differ from those put forward by the Swedish History Museum’s Viking exhibitions is approached through a previous methodological study that investigated the issue of location in the personalisation of historical narratives of museum objects on YouTube search engine result pages (SERPs) (Pietrobruno 2021). This revised method combining language with location brings together two media forms—actual museum exhibitions and personalised YouTube SERPs. The philosophy behind their interconnection is rooted in how the personalised content of SERPs produce meaning and museum exhibitions employ forms of individual customisation to generate meaning by enabling visitors to personalise their exhibition experience.
Conclusion
Authors: Axelsson Bodil , Cameron Fiona R. , Hauptman Katherine , Pietrobruno Sheenagh 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this conclusion, we revisit some of the key findings of this book’s analytical/interpretative cuts into the online circulation of museum collections. The pedagogical challenges museums face when collection knowledge is appropriated by groups whose political aims threaten social solidarity and democratic values are discussed. Highlighted are the ways in which collection knowledge is both customised and open-ended when digitisations, narratives and research findings flow between multiple platforms and are transmitted through interfaces including home feeds or lists. We conclude that curatorial agency simultaneously becomes humanist and subjective; machinic and computational; and imbricated in more-than-human ontological formations that insert digitisations and museum knowledge in multi-scalar geographies and temporalities extending from deep geological time into unforeseen futures.
Interannual Variations of Submesoscale Circulations in the Subtropical Northeastern Pacific
Authors: Sasaki Hideharu , Qiu Bo , Klein Patrice , Nonaka Masami , Sasai Yoshikazu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractImpacts of oceanic submesoscale circulations on oceanic circulation as well as marine ecosystem and air‐sea heat flux have been reported by recent studies. Therefore, their regionality and variations on various timescales are important to understand their impacts. The submesoscale circulations are active in winter, which is mostly enhanced by mixed layer instability (MLI). However, their variations on timescales longer than interannual are not well understood. This study shows the interannual variations of active submesoscale circulations in winter and their mechanism in the subtropical northeastern Pacific using the output of a submesoscale permitting simulation. The submesoscale kinetic energy varies synchronously with the available potential energy release in a process of MLI. El Niño events appear to modulate the interannual variations. In addition, the similarities and differences between the variations in the eastern and western subtropics are highlighted.
Impacts of Land Use Change and Atmospheric CO2 on Gross Primary Productivity (GPP), Evaporation, and Climate in Southern Amazon
Authors: Rezende Luiz F. C. , de Castro Aline Anderson , Von Randow Celso , Ruscica Romina , Sakschewski Boris , Papastefanou Phillip , Viovy Nicolas , Thonicke Kirsten , Sörensson Anna , Rammig Anja , Cavalcanti Iracema F. A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRecent publications indicate that the Amazon may be acting more as a carbon source than a sink in some regions. Moreover, the Amazon is a source of moisture for other regions in the continent, and deforestation over the years may be reducing this function. In this work, we analyze the impacts of elevated CO2 (eCO2) and land use change (LUC) on gross primary productivity (GPP) and evaporation in the southern Amazon (7°S 14°S, 66°W 51°W), which suffered strong anthropogenic influence in the period of 1981‒2010. We ran four dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs), isolating historical CO2, constant CO2, LUC, and potential natural vegetation scenarios with three climate variable data sets: precipitation, temperature, and shortwave radiation. We compared the outputs to five “observational” data sets obtained through eddy covariance, remote sensing, meteorological measurements, and machine learning. The results indicate that eCO2 may have offset deforestation, with GPP increasing by ∼13.5% and 9.3% (dry and rainy seasons, respectively). After isolating the LUC effect, a reduction in evaporation of ∼4% and ∼1.2% (dry and rainy seasons, respectively) was observed. The analysis of forcings in subregions under strong anthropogenic impact revealed a reduction in precipitation of ∼15 and 30 mm, and a temperature rise of 1°C and 0.6°C (dry and rainy seasons, respectively). Differences in the implementation of plant physiology and leaf area index in the DGVMs introduced some uncertainties in the interpretation of the results. Nevertheless, we consider that it was an important exercise given the relevance.
Development and Evaluation of Near‐Real Time TEC and Ancillary Products for SANSA Space Weather
Authors: Matamba Tshimangadzo M. , Danskin Donald W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the second version of SANSA's Total Electron Content (TEC) maps is presented with its associated methodology and assumptions. The method is based on Ma and Maruyama (2003, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-21-2083-2003) determination of receiver bias and hence TEC for individual receivers. By combining values of slant TEC from 20 South African Trignet stations, maps of TEC, spatial gradient of TEC and temporal gradient of TEC can be determined. Quality factors and error of fit are determined for each map and are analyzed to identify the level of validity for TEC maps. In addition, the first operational estimation of TEC gradients both temporal and spatial are presented and discussed for the 4–5 November 2021 negative ionospheric storm. The TEC from the maps shows good agreement with the ionosonde TEC and AfriTEC model.
Coalescence Scavenging Drives Droplet Number Concentration in Southern Ocean Low Clouds
Authors: Kang L. , Marchand R. T. , Wood R. , McCoy I. L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCloud droplet number concentration (Nd) is a key microphysical property that is largely controlled by the balance between sources and sinks of aerosols that serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Despite being a key sink of CCN, the impact of coalescence scavenging on Southern Ocean (SO) cloud is poorly known. We apply a simple source‐and‐sink budget model based on parameterizations to austral summer aircraft observations to test model behavior and examine the relative influence of processes that determine Nd in SO stratocumulus clouds. The model predicts Nd with little bias and a correlation coefficient of ∼0.7 compared with observations. Coalescence scavenging is found to be an important sink of CCN in both liquid and mixed‐phase precipitating stratocumulus and reduces the predicted Nd by as much as 90% depending on the precipitation rate. The free tropospheric aerosol source controls Nd more strongly than the surface aerosol source during austral summer.
The Curious Relationship Between COVID‐19 Lockdowns and Urban Heat Islands
Authors: Shepherd Marshall 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has been a life‐altering shock to society. However, there have been serendipitous outcomes from the associated lockdowns ranging from improved air quality to reductions in carbon emissions. Liu et al. (2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL096842) revealed that even the magnitude of the heat islands in Chinese cities were reduced due to a decline in human activities and their associated anthropogenic contributions. These surprising findings have significant implications for understanding intersections among climate, health, energy, urban planning, transportation, and infrastructure.
Deviation of Mercury's Spin Axis From an Exact Cassini State Induced by Dissipation
Authors: MacPherson Ian , Dumberry Mathieu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe compute predictions of the deviation of Mercury's spin axis from an exact Cassini state caused by tidal dissipation as well as viscous and electromagnetic (EM) friction at the core‐mantle boundary (CMB) and inner core boundary (ICB). Viscous friction at the CMB generates a phase lead; viscous and EM friction at the ICB produce a phase lag; the magnitude of the deviation depends on the inner core size, kinematic viscosity, and magnetic field strength, but cannot exceed an upper bound. For a small inner core, viscous friction at the CMB results in a maximum phase lead of 0.027 arcsec. For a large inner core (radius >1,000 km), EM friction at the ICB generates the largest phase lag, but it does not exceed 0.1 arcsec. Elastic deformations induced by the misaligned fluid and solid cores play a first‐order role in the phase lead/lag caused by viscous and EM coupling and contribute to a perturbation in mantle obliquity on par with that caused by tidal deformations. Tidal dissipation results in a phase lag and its magnitude (in units of arcsec) is given by the empirical relation (80/Q), where Q is the quality factor; Q = 80 results in a phase lag of ∼1 arcsec. A large inner core with a low viscosity of the order of 1017 Pa s or lower can significantly affect Q and thus the resulting phase lag. The limited mantle phase lag suggested by observations (<10 arcsec) implies a lower limit on the bulk mantle viscosity of approximately 1017 Pa s.
A flexible Bayesian framework for unbiased estimation of timescales
Authors: Zeraati Roxana , Engel Tatiana A. , Levina Anna 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTimescales characterize the pace of change for many dynamic processes in nature. They are usually estimated by fitting the exponential decay of data autocorrelation in the time or frequency domain. Here we show that this standard procedure often fails to recover the correct timescales due to a statistical bias arising from the finite sample size. We develop an alternative approach to estimate timescales by fitting the sample autocorrelation or power spectrum with a generative model based on a mixture of Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes using adaptive approximate Bayesian computations. Our method accounts for finite sample size and noise in data and returns a posterior distribution of timescales that quantifies the estimation uncertainty and can be used for model selection. We demonstrate the accuracy of our method on synthetic data and illustrate its application to recordings from the primate cortex. We provide a customizable Python package that implements our framework via different generative models suitable for diverse applications.
Leaf temperature and CO
Authors: Greer Dennis H. 
Published: March 2022

Responses of CO2 assimilation and chlorophyll a fluorescence to light intensity for Shiraz leaves on vines grown outdoors were examined in relation to leaf temperature. The study aimed to assess whether perturbing the carbon source, by manipulating short-term CO2 concentrations, would affect photosynthetic responses to temperature. Strong interactions occurred between leaf temperature and CO2 on photosynthetic and electron transport light responses. Most responses to temperature occurred at low to moderate CO2 and little response to temperature occurred at high CO2. While assimilation responses accorded with increasing substrate CO2, electron transport was inhibited by elevated CO2. By contrast, chlorophyll a fluorescence was not affected by a temperature × CO2 interaction and CO2 had no effect on PSII quantum efficiency or photochemical quenching; whereas there was a moderate effect of temperature. Quantum efficiency of PSII was most severely reduced at low temperatures. Most photochemical quenching also occurred at low temperatures and the least at 40°C, in keeping with the warm to hot growth climate and the apparent assimilation bias towards the higher temperatures of the growing season. No changes in temperature dependency of assimilation were detected at the different CO2 concentrations, confirming sinks have a greater effect on assimilation than does the source.
Morphometric similarity deviations in stimulant use disorder point towards abnormal brain ageing
Authors: Zhukovsky Peter , Savulich George , Morgan Sarah , Dalley Jeffrey W. , Williams Guy B. , Ersche Karen D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Chronic drug use negatively impacts ageing, resulting in diminished health and quality of life. However, little is known about biomarkers of abnormal ageing in stimulant drug users. Using morphometric similarity network mapping, a novel approach to structural connectomics, we first mapped cross-sectional morphometric similarity trajectories of ageing in the publicly available Rockland Sample (20–80 years of age, n = 665). We then compared morphometric similarity and neuropsychological function between non-treatment-seeking, actively using patients with stimulant use disorder (n = 183, mean age: 35.6 years) and healthy control participants (n = 148, mean age: 36.0 years). The significantly altered mean regional morphometric similarity was found in 43 cortical regions including the inferior and orbital frontal gyri, pre/postcentral gyri and anterior temporal, superior parietal and occipital areas. Deviations from normative morphometric similarity trajectories in patients with stimulant use disorder suggested abnormal brain ageing. Furthermore, deficits in paired associates learning were consistent with neuropathology associated with both ageing and stimulant use disorder. Morphometric similarity mapping provides a promising biomarker for ageing in health and disease and may complement existing neuropsychological markers of age-related cognitive decline. Neuropathological ageing mechanisms in stimulant use disorder warrant further investigation to develop more age-appropriate treatments for older people addicted to stimulant drugs.
Case Series of False-Positive HIV Test Results in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients Following Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy: Guidance on How to Avoid and Resolve Diagnostic Dilemmas
Authors: Alali Muayad , Carlucci James G , Christenson John , Prather Cassandra , Skiles Jodi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) Cell Therapy is approved for the treatment of pediatric patients with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia B-ALL. Lentiviral vector technology, highly modified from HIV-1, is used to induce stable, long-term transgene expression by integration into the host genome. This integration may interfere with HIV-1 NAAT producing false-positive results. Guidance for HIV diagnostic testing in pediatric B-ALL undergoing this type of therapy is lacking. Herein, we report case series with presented scenarios in which HIV-1 NAAT testing among CAR-T cell patients produced false-positive results, highlighting the importance careful assay selection and performance among this patient population.
Headache and Facial Pain
Authors: Newman Lawrence , Levin Morris , Halker Rashmi , Michael Rebecca 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This book explores 38 cases about headache and facial pain. In this edition, several scenarios that seem less important or less problematic as a result of new developments in the field have been eliminated. In addition, cases dealing with issues that were not included in the first edition have been added, and the rest of the cases have been revised and updated. The volume is divided into four sections that cover the typical ground for head and face pain consultation: Diagnostic Questions; Treatment Questions; Questions Related to Special Populations; and Prognostic, Social, and Legal Issues. Diagnostic reasoning is presented along the lines of the third edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders. Moreover, a list of key clinical points appears at the end of each case discussion, followed by a list of suggested articles or chapters for those interested in doing further reading on the subject.