bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preschool education optimization based on mobile edge computing under COVID‐19
Authors: Wei Hongzhi , Yang Yuqian , Liu Zhijian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has brought profound changes in people's live and work. It has also accelerated the development of education from traditional model to online model, which is particularly important in preschool education. Preschoolers communicate with teachers through online video, so how to provide high quality and low latency online teaching has become a new challenge. In cloud computing, users offload computing tasks to the cloud to meet the high computing demands of their devices, but cloud‐based solutions have led to huge bandwidth usage and unpredictable latency. In order to solve this problem, mobile edge computing (MEC) deploys the server at the edge of the network to provide the service with close range and low latency. In task scheduling, edge computing (EC) devices have rational thinking, and they are unwilling to collaborate with MEC server to perform tasks due to their selfishness. Therefore, it is necessary to design an effective incentive mechanism to encourage the collaboration of EC devices. Through analysis of MEC server and EC devices, we propose a distributed task scheduling algorithm—Stackelberg game approach based on alternating direction method of multipliers, which selects the appropriate incentive mechanism to encourage the collaboration of EC devices. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach can rapidly converge to a certain accuracy within 40 iterations, and in incentive mechanism comparison and quality of experience, the proposed approach also has a good performance in anti‐jitter and low latency.
Transformational leadership and management control systems in human service not‐for‐profit organizations
Authors: Chen Jinhua , Jiao Lu , Harrison Graeme 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study examines the effect of transformational leadership style on the use of management control systems, specifically Simons’ (1995) levers of control, in human service not‐for‐profit organizations. Unlike prior studies in which transformational leadership style has been treated as an aggregate construct, we decompose the construct and examine its effect at the dimensional level. Using matched survey and archival data for 271 organizations in Australia, we find two dimensions of transformational leadership, articulating a vision and facilitating acceptance of group goals, to be dominant in their influence on the use of the levers of control. This finding is consistent with the context of human service not‐for‐profit organizations that are heavily dependent on communication, cooperation, and collaboration across multidisciplinary teams for effective service delivery.
A state‐of‐the‐art review on creep damage mechanics of rocks
Authors: Zhou Xiaoping , Pan Xiaokang , Berto Filippo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn many major rock projects, services have spanned decades or even hundreds of years. For engineering design, it is necessary not only to ensure the safety of personnel during construction but also to ensure the safety of long‐term use and operation in the future. Therefore, it is indispensable to study the creep damage mechanical properties of rocks before the construction of the project. For a long time, rock creep has been an important reason for large deformation and even instability in building foundations, underground tunnels, and slopes. Moreover, the surrounding rock generally exhibits obvious creep damage characteristics under an environment of high stress, high temperature, and high water‐pressure. Under certain geological conditions, this creep damage behavior is extremely prominent. Therefore, the study of rock creep damage mechanics is very important. This paper reviews the advancement of rock creep damage mechanics from the aspects of mechanisms, research methods, constitutive models, and so forth. Rock creep is a process of interaction between structural damage and the hardening effect. The structural damage and hardening effect are opposite to each other, but they exist in the same physical process. The creep research method introduces mainly the research objects, influencing factors, monitoring methods, and experimental methods. Creep constitutive models introduce mainly empirical models, linear element combination models, nonlinear combination models, and other nonlinear models based on new theory. Finally, based on the current research progress, several important research directions in rock creep damage mechanics are pointed out.
Desert dust deposition supplies essential bioelements to Red Sea corals
Authors: Blanckaert Alice C. A. , Omanović Dario , Fine Maoz , Grover Renaud , Ferrier‐Pagès Christine 
Published: January 2022

AbstractClimate change‐related increase in seawater temperature has become a leading cause of coral bleaching and mortality. However, corals from the northern Red Sea show high thermal tolerance and no recorded massive bleaching event. This specific region is frequently subjected to intense dust storms, coming from the surrounding arid deserts, which are expected to increase in frequency and intensity in the future. The aerial dust deposition supplies essential bioelements to the water column. Here, we investigated the effect of dust deposition on the physiology of a Red Sea coral, Stylophora pistillata. We measured the modifications in coral and Symbiodiniaceae metallome (cellular metal content), as well as the changes in photosynthesis and oxidative stress status of colonies exposed during few weeks to dust deposition. Our results show that 1 mg L−1 of dust supplied nanomolar amounts of nitrate and other essential bioelements, such as iron, manganese, zinc and copper, rapidly assimilated by the symbionts. At 25°C, metal bioaccumulation enhanced the chlorophyll concentration and photosynthesis of dust‐exposed corals compared to control corals. These results suggest that primary production was limited by metal availability in seawater. A 5°C increase in seawater temperature enhanced iron assimilation in both control and dust‐enriched corals. Temperature rise increased the photosynthesis of control corals only, dust‐exposed ones having already reached maximal photosynthesis rates at 25°C. Finally, we observed a combined effect of temperature and bioelement concentration on the assimilation of molybdenum, cadmium, manganese and copper, which were in higher concentrations in symbionts of dust‐exposed corals maintained at 30°C. All together these observations highlight the importance of dust deposition in the supply of essential bioelements, such as iron, to corals and its role in sustaining coral productivity in Red Sea reefs.
Effects of climate change on the distribution of threatened invertebrates in a Mediterranean hotspot
Authors: Martín‐Vélez Víctor , Abellán Pedro 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The effects of climate change may constitute a major threat factor for endemic and threatened species of invertebrates. A particularly dramatic case can be found in the Iberian Peninsula, because of its high rate of species diversity and endemism. We aim to evaluate the effects of climate change on the distribution of 36 endangered and endemic species of invertebrates within the Iberian Peninsula using species distribution models.
We used an ensemble species distribution modelling framework to estimate the species potential distributions under current and future (2050 and 2070) climatic conditions for two different areas: the whole Iberian Peninsula and the current species ranges. We assessed species vulnerability to climate change by calculating three complementary indexes: change in suitable area, persistence in suitable area and turnover in suitable area.
Annual mean precipitation was the variable that contributed most to the climatic models. We categorised 25 species as ‘losers’ because they will experience a reduction in their total suitable area under future climatic conditions, six species were categorised as ‘winners’ and six showed contradictory results.
Climate change will have several effects on species by changing their suitable distributions and may affect their persistence. Species with narrow distributions associated with mountain ranges will experience the worst future projected conditions, while arid‐adapted species are expected to expand their distributions. Factors assessing the vulnerability of endemic and endangered species can be taken into account to develop strategies that mitigate the negative effects of climate change.
Phloretin reduced the secretion of IL‐8 in retinal pigment epithelial cells suffering from mitochondrial dysfunction via activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (NFE2L2/Nrf2)
Authors: Hytti Maria , Bhattarai Niina , Kanerva IIris , Pitkänen Viola , Ruuth Johanna , Kauppinen Anu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposePhloretin is a natural polyphenol that is present e.g. in apple and pear trees. Previous research has demonstrated that phloretin has anti‐inflammatory properties. Inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction play key roles in the development of age‐related macular degeneration, the most common cause of vision loss amongst the elderly in the developed countries. Here, we assessed the effects of phloretin in a model of mitochondrial damage‐induced inflammation in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells.MethodsARPE‐19 cells were exposed to 25 µM antimycin A for 24 hr to induce mitochondrial dysfunction. Cells were pretreated with 100 µM phloretin for 1 hour and cell viability as well as the release of pro‐inflammatory interleukines (IL)‐6, IL‐8 and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was studied. The effect of either high glucose or glucose‐free culture medium was assessed. ELISA measurements of phosphorylated mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK), p38, JNK, and extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) as well as of the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) were determined alongside the DNA binding efficiency of nuclear factor kB (NF‐kB) subunit p65 and of NFE2L2. Effects on ERK1/2 phosphorylation and NFE2L2 DNA binding were confirmed using the MAPK kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2) inhibitor PD98059, the NFE2L2 activator sulforaphane, and specific NFE2L2 siRNA.ResultsPhloretin significantly reduced the levels of IL‐6, IL‐8, and VEGF in the presence and the absence of antimycin A, without affecting cellular viability. Higher levels or absence of glucose had no effect on the anti‐inflammatory activities of phloretin. Pathway analysis showed that phloretin‐activated ERK1/2 phosphorylation but this was not related to its anti‐inflammatory effects as preventing ERK1/2 phosphorylation using PD98059 decreased inflammation even further. Instead, siRNA experiments revealed that NFE2L2 was involved in phloretin’s ameliorating effect on IL‐8 secretion.ConclusionsPhloretin is a strong anti‐inflammatory agent that is well‐tolerated by RPE cells suffering from mitochondrial dysfunction.
Dry physical crosslinking of porcine corneal grafts. In vitro study
Authors: Popov Ilya , Anisimov Sergey 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurpose(1) To compare the effects of wet and dry crosslinking (CL) on swell‐resistance of porcine corneal grafts; (2) for grafts obtained by dry physical CL methods, to evaluate some of their surgically relevant properties.MethodsExperiment 1. The cornea was cut out of a frozen porcine eyeball with epithelium and Descemet's membrane removed. 30 such grafts were distributed into 10 groups of treatment (3 per group): five groups of wet grafts (wet control; Riboflavin/ultraviolet‐A CL at doses 5.4 and 54 J/cm2; glutaraldehyde CL at concentrations 0.1 and 1%) and five groups of air‐dried grafts (dry control; ultraviolet‐C (UVC) at doses of 5.4 and 54 J/cm2; dehydrothermal (DHT) CL at 80 and 105 °C). All grafts were immersed in distilled water for 24h, then their light transmission and swelling ratio were measured.Experiment 2. 18 grafts (6 groups: wet non‐hydrated control; wet control; dry control; UVC 54 J/cm2; DHT 105°C; DHT 105°C + UVC 54 J/cm2) were immersed in water for 24 hr, then distant visual quality at 5 m, central thickness (CT) and suture retention strength (SRS) were tested. ANOVA and post‐hoc Tukey HSD tests were used.ResultsExp. 1. There was a significant difference in water content and light transmission between all groups at 24h hydration (p < 0.05, ANOVA). DHT 105°C grafts had significantly lower water content and the highest light transmission in comparison to all other groups (p < 0.05 for each comparison, Tukey HSD).Exp. 2. At 24 hr hydration, DHT+UVC treated grafts allowed distinguishing optotypes 0.4–0.6 (decimal). CT varied from 600 to 1200 microns for DHT+UVC and UVC groups, respectively. Control grafts swelled up to 6000 microns in the center. SRS of all grafts was significantly higher than the strength of the Nylon 9‐0 thread (p<0.05, Tukey HSD).ConclusionsDry physical CL methods allow obtaining corneal grafts with increased swell‐resistance compared to wet CL methods, while maintaining the strength sufficient for their surgical fixation.
Effectiveness of selective laser trabeculoplasty in advanced open‐angle glaucoma
Authors: Monia Cheour , Meriem Ouederni , Fehmy Nafaa , Maamouri Rym , Hela Sassi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo study the effectiveness and safety of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) for the treatment of advanced open‐angle glaucoma.MethodsWe carried out a prospective longitudinal study, including patients with advanced open‐angle glaucoma. Selective laser trabeculoplasty has been indicated either after failure of medical treatment or in cases of poor adherence to medical treatment. Measurements were obtained at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months. Success was defined as a reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) of more than 20% from baseline or a reduction of at least one antiglaucoma eye drops with stable intraocular pressure. A p value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.ResultsFifty‐nine eyes were included in the study. Three types of glaucoma were present in our study: primary open‐angle glaucoma was the most common type followed by exfoliative glaucoma and pigmentary glaucoma. The success rate was 76.5% for failure of medical treatment and 80% for poor adherence. The most frequent side effects were the inflammatory reaction (18.6%) and the early IOP spikes (25.4%). The predictors of its effectiveness were the initial intraocular pressure (p = 0.03) and the percentage reduction in intraocular pressure at 1 month (p = 0.002).ConclusionsSelective laser trabeculoplasty is an effective and easy‐to‐perform physical treatment of advanced open‐angle glaucoma with a satisfactory safety profile (1,2). It overcomes poor adhesion problems. Our results need to be extended to assess long‐term success.Bibliography1. Garg A, Gazzard G. Selective laser trabeculoplasty: past, present, and future. Eye (Lond). 2018 May;32(5):863–876.2. Sina Elahi, Harsha L Rao, Alina Dumitru, Kaweh Mansouri. Predictors of Success in Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty: Data From the Lausanne Laser Trabeculoplasty Registry. J Glaucoma. 2020 Jul;29(7):550–555.
Fabrication of high‐efficiency Yb:Y2O3 laser ceramics without photodarkening
Authors: Li Qing , Wang Jun , Ma Jie , Ni Meng , Yang Fan , Liu Peng , Lee Kuo Yang , Hsiang Hsing‐I , Shen Deyuan , Tang Dingyuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHigh‐efficiency Yb:Y2O3 laser ceramics were fabricated using the vacuum‐sintering plus hot isostatic pressing (HIP) without sintering additives. High‐purity well‐dispersed nanocrystalline Yb:Y2O3 powder was synthesized using a modified co‐precipitation method in‐house. The green bodies were first vacuum sintered at a temperature as low as 1430°C and then HIPed at 1450°C. Finally, the samples were air annealed at 800°C for 10 h. Although no sintering aids were used, full density of the samples with excellent optical homogeneity and an inline transmission of 80% at 400 nm could be obtained. Moreover, photodarkening phenomenon was not detected in the ceramics. Preliminary laser experiment with the fabricated ceramics in a two‐mirror cavity has demonstrated 32 W continuous‐wave (CW) output at ∼1077 nm with an optical‐to‐optical conversion efficiency of 58.2%. To the best of our knowledge, this is so far the highest CW output power and optical‐to‐optical conversion efficiency achieved with the Yb3+‐doped sesquioxide ceramics in a simple two‐mirror cavity.
Microstructure transformation of a crystallized glass from the system BaO‐SrO‐ZnO‐SiO2
Authors: Thieme Christian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGlass‐ceramics from the studied system are able to precipitate a crystalline phase with an anomalous and low coefficient of thermal expansion. Besides the crystalline phase called LEAZit (Low Expansion Alkaline Earth Zinc Silicate), other phases appear within those glass‐ceramics. In order to understand the thermal expansion behavior of the whole material, the phase content has to be known as a function of the composition and the chosen heat treatment. In this paper, a glass with the molar composition 5 BaO · 12 SrO · 35 ZnO · 46.2 SiO2 · 1.5 Sb2O3 · 0.3 Ag is studied using X‐ray tomography. With this method, the phase content can be studied in detail together with the microstructure. An ex‐situ workflow was used to study one and the same sample after different heat treatments, which makes it possible to characterize the structures (crystalline phase, residual matrix, and porosity) inside the sample in a nondestructive way. The size of the different phases was characterized with a strut thickness analysis of the three‐dimensional datasets. The tomographic results are supported by results from X‐ray diffraction as well as scanning electron microscopy in combination with elemental analysis.
Highly transparent cerium‐doped yttria ceramics for full‐band UV‐shielding window applications
Authors: Liu Chengrui , Jiang Juan , Zhou Guohong , Zhang Tianjin , Hu Song , Gan Lin , Qin Xianpeng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHighly transparent cerium‐doped yttria ceramics were fabricated via a pressureless sintering method with an addition of 10 at.% La2O3and 1 at.% ZrO2as a binary sintering additive. With an increase in the Ce doping concentration from 0 to 3 at.%, the optical absorption edge of yttria ceramics exhibited a significant red shift from 290 to 380 nm as a result of the 4f–5d transition of Ce3+and the charge transfer of Ce4+(i.e., Ce4++e–→Ce3+). For a 2‐mm thick sample doped with 3 at.% Ce, the total ultraviolet radiation (UV) transmittance (220–400 nm) is only 1.7%, indicating a nearly complete UV absorption. Meanwhile, the specimens possess high in‐line transmittance levels in both the visible and the infrared regions (i.e., >70% at 450 nm and ∼80% at 1100 nm). Additionally, the present specimens were confirmed to have good enough mechanical strength levels (∼165 MPa) and thermal conductivity (∼5 W/m·K), which are comparable or even better compared to those of previously reported transparent yttria ceramics. The results of this work indicate that cerium‐doped transparent yttria ceramics are promising candidate materials for full‐band UV‐shielding window applications.
Residual antimicrobial coating efficacy against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Hardison Rachael L. , Ryan Shawn P. , Limmer Rebecca A. , Crouse Margaret , Nelson Sarah W. , Barriga Daniela , Ghere Jessica M. , Stewart Michael J. , Lee Sang Don , Taylor Brian M. , James Ryan R. , Calfee Michael W. , Howard Megan W. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Aims
This study evaluated the residual efficacy of commercially available antimicrobial coatings or films against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on non-porous surfaces.

Methods and Results
Products were applied to stainless steel or ABS plastic coupons and dried overnight. Coupons were inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 in the presence of 5% soil load. Recovered infectious SARS-CoV-2 was quantified by TCID50 assay. Tested product efficacies ranged from &lt;1.0 to &gt;3.0 log10 reduction at a 2-h contact time. The log10 reduction in recovered infectious SARS-CoV-2 ranged from 0.44 to 3 log10 reduction on stainless steel and 0.25 to &gt;1.67 log10 on ABS plastic. The most effective products tested contained varying concentrations (0.5%–1.3%) of the same active ingredient: 3-(trihydroxysilyl) propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride. Products formulated with other quaternary ammonium compounds were less effective against SARS-CoV-2 in this test.

Conclusions
The residual antimicrobial products tested showed varied effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 as a function of product tested. Several products were identified as efficacious against SARS-CoV-2 on both stainless steel and ABS plastic surfaces under the conditions evaluated. Differences in observed efficacy may be due to variation in active ingredient formulation; efficacy is, therefore, difficult to predict based upon listed active ingredient and its concentration.

Significance and Impact
This study highlights the formulation-specific efficacy of several products against SARS-CoV-2 and may inform future development of residual antiviral products for use on non-porous surfaces. The identification of antimicrobial coatings or films showing promise to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 suggests that these products may be worth future testing and consideration.
Atrial fibrillation incidence, prevalence, predictors, and adverse outcomes in acute coronary syndromes: A pooled analysis of data from 8 million patients
Authors: Noubiap Jean Jacques , Agbaedeng Thomas A. , Nyaga Ulrich F. , Lau Dennis H. , Worthley Matthew I. , Nicholls Stephen J. , Sanders Prashanthan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo summarize data on the prevalence/incidence, risk factors and prognosis of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS).MethodsMEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science were searched to identify all published studies providing relevant data through August 23, 2020. Random‐effects meta‐analysis method was used to pool estimates.ResultsWe included 109 studies reporting data from a pooled population of 8 239 364 patients. The prevalence rates were 5.8% for pre‐existing AF, 7.3% for newly diagnosed AF, and 11.3% for prevalent (total) AF, in patients with ACS. Predictors of newly diagnosed AF included age (per year increase) (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.05), C‐reactive protein (aOR: 1.49), left atrial (LA) diameter (aOR: 1.08), LA dilatation (aOR: 2.32), left ventricular ejection fraction <40% (aOR: 1.82), hypertension (aOR: 1.87), and Killip ˃ 1 (aOR: 1.85), p < .01 in all analyzes. Newly diagnosed AF was associated with an increased risk of acute heart failure (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 3.20), acute kidney injury (aHR: 3.09), re‐infarction (aHR: 1.96), stroke (aHR: 2.15), major bleeding (aHR: 2.93), and mortality (aHR: 1.80) in the short term; and with an increased risk of heart failure (aHR: 2.21), stroke (aHR: 1.75), mortality (aHR: 1.67), CV mortality (aHR: 2.09), sudden cardiac death (aHR: 1.53), and a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (aHR: 1.54) in the long term (beyond 1 month), p < .05 in all analyzes.ConclusionOne in nine patients with ACS has AF, with a high proportion of newly diagnosed AF. AF, in particular newly diagnosed AF, is associated with poor short‐term and long‐term outcomes in patients with ACS.