bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multitask Learning With Recurrent Neural Networks for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Prediction Using Only Electronic Health Record Data: Model Development and Validation Study
Authors: Lam Carson , Thapa Rahul , Maharjan Jenish , Rahmani Keyvan , Tso Chak Foon , Singh Navan Preet , Casie Chetty Satish , Mao Qingqing 
Published: May 2022

Background
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a condition that is often considered to have broad and subjective diagnostic criteria and is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Early and accurate prediction of ARDS and related conditions such as hypoxemia and sepsis could allow timely administration of therapies, leading to improved patient outcomes.

Objective
The aim of this study is to perform an exploration of how multilabel classification in the clinical setting can take advantage of the underlying dependencies between ARDS and related conditions to improve early prediction of ARDS in patients.

Methods
The electronic health record data set included 40,703 patient encounters from 7 hospitals from April 20, 2018, to March 17, 2021. A recurrent neural network (RNN) was trained using data from 5 hospitals, and external validation was conducted on data from 2 hospitals. In addition to ARDS, 12 target labels for related conditions such as sepsis, hypoxemia, and COVID-19 were used to train the model to classify a total of 13 outputs. As a comparator, XGBoost models were developed for each of the 13 target labels. Model performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Heat maps to visualize attention scores were generated to provide interpretability to the neural networks. Finally, cluster analysis was performed to identify potential phenotypic subgroups of patients with ARDS.

Results
The single RNN model trained to classify 13 outputs outperformed the individual XGBoost models for ARDS prediction, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.842 on the external test sets. Models trained on an increasing number of tasks resulted in improved performance. Earlier prediction of ARDS nearly doubled the rate of in-hospital survival. Cluster analysis revealed distinct ARDS subgroups, some of which had similar mortality rates but different clinical presentations.

Conclusions
The RNN model presented in this paper can be used as an early warning system to stratify patients who are at risk of developing one of the multiple risk outcomes, hence providing practitioners with the means to take early action.
Mean-stress sensitivity of an ultrahigh-strength steel under uniaxial and torsional high and very high cycle fatigue loading
Authors: Schönbauer Bernd , Ghosh Sumit , Karr Ulrike , Pallaspuro Sakari , Kömi Jukka , Frondelius Tero , Mayer Herwig 
Published: May 2022

The influence of load ratio on the high and very high cycle fatigue
(VHCF) strength of Ck45M steel processed by thermomechanical rolling
integrated direct quenching was investigated. Ultrasonic fatigue tests
were performed under uniaxial and torsional loading at load ratios of
R = −1, 0.05, 0.3 and 0.5 with smooth specimens and specimens
containing artificially introduced defects. Up to 2×10
cycles, failure originated from surface aluminate
inclusions and pits under both loading conditions. The prevailing
fracture mechanisms in the VHCF regime were interior crack initiation
under uniaxial loading and surface shear crack initiation under
torsional loading. The mean-stress sensitivity and the fatigue strength
were evaluated using fracture mechanics approaches. Equal fatigue limits
for uniaxial and torsional loading were determined considering the size
of crack initiating defects and the appropriate threshold condition for
Mode-I crack growth. Furthermore, the mean-stress sensitivity is
independent of loading condition and can be expressed by σ w R = σ w R =
- 1 ∙ 1 - R 2 0.63 and τ w R = τ w R = - 1 ∙ 1 - R 2 0.63 .
Relation between Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio and Inflammatory Markers in Assessing the Severity of COVID-19 Disease
Authors: AVK Manasathreya , M Rama Devi 
Published: May 2022

Background: The identification of effective laboratory biomarkers together with the clinical presentation is crucial to categorize the severity of the disease. The following biomarkers have been identified: Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), Inflammatory C-reactive protein (CRP), Serum Ferritin levels, Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase. Cytokine storm is one of the most dreaded complications of COVID19 that can be treated effectively by early identification. The current study is to test and confirm the prognostic value of NLR as an economic and reliable indicator of COVID19.
Methodology: The current study is a retrospective observational study. The data of COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital from the 25th of August, 2021 to the 25th of September, 2021 was analyzed. Patients were categorized into mild, moderate, and severe groups based on ICMR guidelines. The blood reports from the day one of admission were taken into consideration for this study.
Results: The study included 71 patients consisting of 29 males and 42 females, with a male to female ratio of 0.69. In the present study, 52 patients are with mild disease (Males-19; Females-33), 12 (males-4; females-8) are in the moderate category, and 7 (males-1; females-6) patients have severe disease. In mild patients, the mean CRP was 4.01mg/L, the mean serum Ferritin was 214.23mcg/L, and the mean NLR was 3.62. In patients with moderate severity, the mean CRP was 5.86mg/L, the mean serum Ferritin was 383.62mcg/L, and the mean NLR was 5.67. In patients with severe disease, the mean CRP was 22.71mg/L, the mean serum Ferritin was 805mcg/L, and the mean NLR was 15.3.
Conclusion: The study showed that there is a gradual increase in CRP, Serum Ferritin, and NLR with the increase in severity of disease from mild to severe. NLR is gradually increasing with increasing mean CRP and serum Ferritin levels Hence, NLR can be used as a reliable predictor of the severity of the disease instead of CRP and serum Ferritin in places lacking adequate facilities.
Cross-Sectional Analytical Study to Determine Knowledge and Attitude of Dental Students about COVID-19 Disease and Its Precautionary Measures
Authors: Abbas Beenish , Abbas Sana , Malik Saadia Muneer , Siddiqui Sana , Niazi Zainab , Umair Muhammad 
Published: May 2022

Objective: To determine knowledge and attitude of dental and medical students about COVID – 19 disease and its precautionary measures
Methodology: The study was conducted after approval from the ethical review committee of the Foundation University College of Dentistry, Islamabad from June 2021 to September 2021. Inclusion criteria adhered to the recruitment of fourth and final-year students of dentistry. Informed written consent was taken after explaining the study protocol. The format of the questionnaire was based on previously published studies, literature, and guidelines provided by Centers for Disease Control. The questionnaire was validated by a Pilot Study and the opinion of dental health experts on the subject. Methodology constituted of a paper-based and web-based questionnaire with closed-ended questions and feedback were received from (60%) participants. Variables for analysis included demographic profile, next section comprised of questions regarding COVID – 19 disease knowledge, its precautionary measures, and attitude towards the disease. Moreover, participant's awareness in case of suspected infection was also analyzed to gauge the level of preparedness. There was a total of 256 participants enrolled in this study via consecutive non-probability sampling methodology.
Results: There was a total of 256 participants enrolled in this study. Out of 256, 154 (60.2%) were male and 102 (39.8%) were females. 110(42.8%) believed that COVID-19 symptoms resolve without treatment, 256(100%) believed that disease spread can be prevented with education. 222(86.6%) endorsed a preference to avoid or work with the COVID-19 Patient. As per opinion regarding social distancing, wearing masks and washing hands before initiation of treatment, 246(95.1%) believed it to be mandatory for disease transmission reduction whereas 38(14.9%) considered it unnecessary.
Conclusion: Dental students demonstrated ample awareness and knowledge regarding COVID-19 disease presentation, preventive measures, and strategy in case of suspected infection with a motivated attitude to spread awareness among the population.
The Planck Mass Density Radius of the Universe
Authors: Haug Espen G. , Gianfranco Spavieri 
Published: May 2022

What is the size of the universe if we take the estimated mass in the observable universe and compress it until we reach the Planck mass density? We will investigate this using both the Friedmann model and the recent Haug model of the universe that takes into account Lorentz relativistic mass. The resulting size is approximately that of a proton. We will also look at a hypothetical Planck mass size universe. In the Friedmann model one needs rapid expansion of mass to maintain the initial Planck mass density or, alternatively, only space expansion with the density decreasing from its initial conditions, while in the Haug model the Planck mass universe seems to cause no such “strange” predictions.
Educação em saúde durante a pandemia COVID-19: relato de experiência
Authors: Samartini Raquel Spindola , Guareschi Ana Paula Dias França , Buchhorn Soraia Matilde Marques 
Published: May 2022

A educação em saúde integra um instrumento promotor da qualidade de vida aos indivíduos, famílias e comunidades e designa um conjunto de informações para promoção e prevenção da saúde. Relatar a experiência de extensão universitária em educação em saúde durante a pandemia COVID-19. Trata-se de relato de experiência sobre ações educativas de promoção e prevenção da saúde da criança e sua família, durante a pandemia COVID-19. Realizaram-se atuações educativas de promoção e prevenção da saúde da criança e família utilizando-se da tecnologia para o compartilhamento das informações virtuais de saúde, através de vídeos, treinamentos, jogos e revistas. O projeto buscou estratégias inovadoras para promover educação em saúde a crianças e suas famílias através da capacitação das extensionistas, voluntários e comunidade.
Descritores: Educação em Saúde, Atenção Primária de Saúde, Infecções por Coronavirus.

Health education during a COVID-19 pandemic
Abstract: Health education integrates an instrument that promotes quality of life for guests, families and communities and designates a set of information for health promotion and prevention. To report the experience of university extension in health education during a COVID-19 pandemic. This is an experience report on educational actions to promote and prevent the health of children and their families, during a COVID-19 pandemic. Educational activities were carried out to promote and prevent the health of children and families, using technology to share virtual health information, through videos, training, games and magazines. The project sought implementers to promote health education for children and their families through the training of extension workers, volunteers and the community.
Descriptors: Health Education, Primary Health Care, Coronavirus Infections.

Educación para la salud durante una pandemia de COVID-19
Resumen: La educación en salud integra un instrumento que promueve la calidad de vida de los huéspedes, familias y comunidades y designa un conjunto de información para la promoción y prevención de la salud. Reportar la experiencia de extensión universitaria en educación para la salud durante una pandemia de COVID-19. Se trata de un relato de experiencia sobre acciones educativas para promover y prevenir la salud de los niños y sus familias, durante una pandemia de COVID-19. Se realizaron actividades educativas para promover y prevenir la salud de los niños y las familias, utilizando la tecnología para compartir información de salud virtual, a través de videos, capacitaciones, juegos y revistas. El proyecto buscó implementadores para promover la educación para la salud de los niños y sus familias a través de la capacitación de extensionistas, voluntarios y la comunidad.
Descriptores: Educación en Salud, Atención Primaria de Salud, Infecciones por Coronavirus.
Dietary L-Glutamine affects Eggshell Quality in the Post-Peak Laying Period
Authors: Muszyński Siemowit , Tomaszewska Ewa , Arczewska-Włosek Anna , Kasperek Kornel , Batkowska Justyna , Lamorski Krzysztof , Wiącek Dariusz , Donaldson Janine , Świątkiewicz Sylwester 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In the current study the hypothesis that 1.0% dietary inclusion of glutamine (Gln), a conditionally essential amino acid that influences protein synthesis and shows anti-osteoporotic effect, can influence eggshell quality was tested on laying hens in the post-peak laying period. Thirty-week-old Bovans Brown hens were randomly assigned to control group or group supplemented with Gln in the form of alphaketoglutarate (10 g/kg) with 12 replicate cages (2 hens/cage) in each group. The experimental period lasted for 30 weeks, from the 31st to the 60th week of age of hens, when eggs were collected and selected eggshell quality indices were determined. While Gln supplementation had no effect on egg geometry and eggshell cracking force, the analysis of eggshell quality showed an increase of the eggshell thickness (P<0.01), porosity (P<0.01), eggshell specific surface (P<0.001) and positive changes in other mechanical parameters (decrease of eggshell stiffness and Young’s modulus, P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively; increase of work needed to crack the eggshell, P<0.05). Changes in eggshell mineral composition, including an increase of Ca content (P<0.001), were also observed. In conclusion, the current study showed a beneficial effect of Gln on the eggshell thickness, calcification, and some mechanical parameters.
Effects of different carbon sources on water quality, biofloc quality, and the productivity of Nile tilapia reared in biofloc-based ponds
Authors: Soliman Ashraf M. , Abdel-Tawwab Mohsen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of different carbohydrates materials used as carbon sources on water quality, biofloc quality, and growth and productive performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared in biofloc (BFT)-based cement ponds (25 m x 10 m x 1.2 m; with 250 m3 volume). Nile tilapia fingerlings (44.9±1.9 g) were distributed into nine ponds at a density of 40 fish per 1 m3 (10000 fish/pond) to represent three treatments in triplicates. The control ponds received no carbon source addition; meanwhile sugarcane molasses (MO) and wheat flour (WF) were added to ponds. A commercial diet (30% crude protein) was offered to fish in each pond at levels of 3% and 2% of live body weight of fish in the control and BFT-based ponds, respectively, for 12 weeks. The amounts of feed were divided equally to three equal portions and offered to fish at 9:00, 13:00, and 17:00 h. The control ponds’ water was replaced by 50% every day with new water; meanwhile in MO and WF ponds, water loss via evaporation or leakage was compensated to reach the 1.0 m depth only. The pH value as well as unionized ammonia and nitrite levels, in the present study, were significantly lower, meanwhile nitrate and total suspended solids levels were significantly higher in MO and WF-treated ponds than the control one. The WF treatment resulted in significantly larger biofloc volume and higher total bacterial count compared to the MO treatment. The highest growth and production indices of Nile tilapia were observed in the BFT-based treatments as compared with the control group; particularly at the WF treatment followed by the MO treatment. In conclusion, the WF addition to cement fishponds is a more beneficial carbonaceous source for the efficient water quality, biofloc biomass, and growth and productivity of Nile tilapia reared in BFT-based system.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of anxiety disorders - a literature review
Authors: Koch Mateusz , Chmielowiec Krzysztof , Grzywacz Elżbieta , Suchanecka Aleksandra , Masiak Jolanta , Chmielowiec Jolanta 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction: The COVID-19 is a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. A number of psychological symptoms have been identified in people living during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most of them are associated with widely understood anxiety disorders, which have always been a significant problem for mental health.

Materials and methods: The available literature was reviewed on the Pubmed platform and from other sources. The analysis included original studies, reviews, meta-analyzes and internet sources. The aim of the study was to review the literature on the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and the occurrence and severity of symptoms of anxiety disorders.

Results: The studies conducted so far show that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the mental state of people around the world, especially in the area of anxiety disorders. Many studies indicate an increase in the prevalence of symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Research also indicates a greater incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder and panic disorder in society. Symptoms of somatization were also quite often observed in patients. However, the state of published studies indicates that the pandemic did not significantly affect the severity of symptoms associated with social phobia. In the context of phobic disorders, a new type has been formulated: COVID-19-related phobia.

Conclusions: The conducted literature review shows that the current COVID-19 pandemic is associated with an increase in the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety disorders in the general population. The multifaceted nature of the issue of anxiety disorders in the COVID-19 pandemic clearly indicates the need to continue research in this area.
Negative Focus, Self-Doubt, and Issues of ‘Tool Proficiency’: Beginner-Coaches’ Reflections on Reflective Practice
Authors: Hamblin May , Crisp Philippe 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In the field of sports coaching education and learning, reflective practice is considered central to transforming experience and knowledge into expertise, and many governing bodies execute this through professional development and specific guidelines (Vallance, 2019). However, whilst the general consensus within academia and the vocational sector of coaching continue to espouse this approach, there is a lack of evidence to suggest how this is useful for beginner-coaches (defined as emerging-new, with less than three years of experience) as studies generally focus on expert coaches and oftentimes sit within the context of performance and/or elite sport. This study, therefore, aimed to explore the benefits and limitations of reflective practice, and to identify aspects of ideal learning for in-situ, practice-based context as perceived by beginner-coaches who operate more within recreational (although still competitive) sport fields. Situated within the UK context, the methodology comprised of semi-structured interviews conducted with six beginner-coaches. The findings demonstrated that whilst there were tangible benefits to the use of reflective practice (such as perceived additional competency and critical thinking), there were also limitations centred on time constraints, and an over-focus on negative emotions with a subsequent adverse impact on self-confidence and anxiety. The implications, including recommendations and thoughts for the future, are outlined within the paper.
The Problematic Institutional Context of Greek Football and the Role of FIFA and UEFA
Authors: Pouliopoulos Theofilos , Georgiadis Konstantinos 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Greek football is on the periphery of European football and it frequently faces scandals and corruption issues. Also, there appears to be a correlation between the wider social and political context and football. Additionally, FIFA and UEFA arguably have contributed to the fate of Greek football. For example, in the past when the Greek government tried to intervene in football, FIFA prevented them several times with the threat of a ban. During the previous years, FIFA and UEFA decided to cooperate with the Greek government and play a more active role in Greek football. However, little has changed in the governance of Greek football. This study has examined the context, critical incidents and the role of actors in Greek football. By using the Institutional Theory approach, our analysis indicates that the institutional context is highly problematic, as the big clubs dominate the institutional mechanisms of football. Corruption appears to be deeply embedded in the structures and operations of football, while the Hellenic Football Federation is controlled by the big clubs. In parallel, there is no plan for the overall development of football, from the grassroots to the elite level. The study concludes with a recommendation for the reformation of Greek football.
A Hybrid Energy Storage System with Reconfigurability and Fast Equalisation
Authors: Jiang Bowen , Liu Yujing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
With the rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs) in recent years, the research on their energy storage systems (ESSs) has also shown great popularity. A traditional ESS normally has a fixed configuration and uses a single type of energy storage unit. However, this traditional design has some limitations, such as low flexibility and high requirements to unit consistency. To solve these problems, a new hybrid energy storage system is proposed in this paper. The proposed ESS hybridises multiple lithium-ion battery modules and one supercapacitor module. By controlling the states of switches inside the ESS topology, module level reconfiguration can be achieved. Further, a DC/DC converter is also included in the ESS topology, which is connected to the supercapacitor module and can be used to ensure correct ESS output voltage. Reconfiguration and active balancing algorithms are also given based on the proposed ESS topology. Situations with and without bypassing the lithium-ion battery modules are both discussed in the algorithms. The proposed hybrid ESS is finally verified with simulations. The system model is built in the Simulink/MATLAB environment. Simulation results show that the lithium-ion modules with a lower state of charge values have higher priorities to be connected in parallel. Reconfiguration actions are able to balance all lithium-ion battery modules within one Worldwide Harmonised Light-Duty Vehicle Test Cycle (WLTC) simulation cycle while maintaining ESS output voltage within a correct range. Furthermore, the proposed hybrid ESS control algorithms remain valid when one lithium-ion battery module is manually bypassed during simulation.
Fabrication of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) for a Water Pump at Low Speed Wind in Tikrit Region
Authors: Mahmood Yaseen H. , Majeed Muataz A. , Niema Ahmed Abdul Razzaq 
Published: May 2022

We have designed, fabricated and studied the vertical axis wind turbine and its characterization. The system has been locally designed to pump water. It is considered as a one of the best options for low speed wind. The turbine has eight blades , each blade is 1.8m in length, and the area dimension of the turbine 3.6 m2 . were investigated the best characterization of the system at low wind speed are Power turbine depends on the wind speed. It was 280 Watt at 6m/s and 160 watt at 5m/s , and the power after the turbine decreasing to factor 1/3. The system torque was 20 N.m , Power coefficient cap 0.29 , Tip speed ratio 0.46. It is suitable to be used in Iraq region , and low cost for get the water, It is important to reduce desertification and increase investment.
On Quasi-Small Prime Submodules
Authors: Ali Wisam A. , Mothafar Nuhad S. Al. 
Published: May 2022

Let be a commutative ring with identity , and be a unitary (left) R-module. A proper submodule of is said to be quasi- small prime submodule , if whenever with and , then either or . In this paper ,we give a comprehensive study of quasi- small prime submodules.