bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting the re-distribution of antibiotic molecules caused by inter-species interactions in microbial communities
Authors: Reding Carlos 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Microbes associate in nature forming complex communities, but they are often studied in purified form. Here I show that neighbouring species enforce the re-distribution of carbon and antimicrobial molecules, predictably changing drug efficacy with respect to standard laboratory assays. A simple mathematical model, validated experimentally using pairwise competition assays, suggests that differences in drug sensitivity between the competing species causes the re-distribution of drug molecules without affecting carbon uptake. The re-distribution of drug is even when species have similar drug sensitivity, reducing drug efficacy. But when their sensitivities differ the re-distribution is uneven: The most sensitive species accumulates more drug molecules, increasing efficacy against it. Drug efficacy tests relying on samples with multiple species are considered unreliable and unpredictable, but study demonstrates that efficacy in these cases can be qualitatively predicted. It also suggests that living in communities can be beneficial even when all species compete for a single carbon source, as the relationship between cell density and drug required to inhibit their growth may be more complex than previously thought.
The switching decomposition pulse width modulation with reduced common mode voltage for reduced switch counts neutral point clamped inverter
Authors: Jing Mengmeng , Du Chunshui , Xing Xiangyang , Chen Zhiyuan , Wen Chuangping 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCompared with a conventional three‐levelconverter, a reduced switch counts three‐level neutral point clamped (RSC‐3LNPC) inverter uses only 10 switching devices to achieve three‐leveloutput at a lower cost. However, in the RSC‐3LNPC inverter, the common modevoltage (CMV) reduction and neutral point voltage (NPV) balance are mutuallycoupled, and the buck switching module eliminates medium vectors, making conventional modulation methods no longer applicable. To address this problem, this paperdevelops a generation mechanism of the voltage and switching vectors for RSC‐3LNPC inverter and proposes a switching decomposition pulse width modulation (SDPWM) scheme. First, a virtual medium vector with two large vectors having the samedwell time is introduced. Then, the small and zero vectors with low CMV, along with the large and virtual medium vectors, are adopted, and by adjusting their dwell time, the NPV is balanced while reducing CMV. In addition, to reduce computational burden, the switching vector isdecomposed into a buck switching vector and a two‐level switching vector. Both switching vector sequences with transformed duty cycles are carefully designed to achieve only three switching transactions per switching period. Finally, validation and correctness of the proposed SDPWM scheme for RSC‐3LNPC inverterare verified by simulation and experiments.
A local flexibility market framework for exploiting DERs’ flexibility capabilities by a technical virtual power plant
Authors: Pourghaderi Niloofar , Fotuhi‐Firuzabad Mahmud , Moeini‐Aghtaie Moein , Kabirifar Milad , Dehghanian Payman 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a new intra‐day intra‐hourly local flexibility market (LFM) framework to exploit distributed energy resources’ (DERs) flexibility capabilities. A technical virtual power plant (TVPP) operates the LFM in which the DER aggregators participate. The TVPP offers the provided flexibility capabilities to wholesale flexibility market (WFM) as well as compensating the intra‐hourly variability in power distribution network. In the proposed framework, the TVPP clears the LFM by considering hierarchical transactions with the aggregator agents to find the market equilibrium in which the DERs’ flexibility capabilities are optimally exploited while all participating agents make profit by trading flexibility capabilities in the LFM. A bilevel optimization model with multiple lower levels is considered to address different agents’ preferences and transactions in the LFM. In the upper‐level problem, the TVPP aims at maximizing its profit while each lower‐level problem represents an aggregator agent's optimization problem. The proposed model is reformulated into a single‐level mixed integer linear programming problem and is implemented on the distribution network connected to Bus 5 of the Roy Billinton test system (RBTS) as well as a 119‐bus test system. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the model to utilize DERs’ flexibility and provide revenue opportunities for different agents.
Pulmonale Sarkoidose
Authors: Bergner Raoul , Forst Yannick 
Published: November 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Sarkoidose ist in Nordeuropa die häufigste granulomatöse Erkrankung. Sie kann prinzipiell nahezu alle Organe betreffen. Die Lunge ist jedoch mit 90–95 % das am häufigsten betroffene Organ. Die pulmonale Sarkoidose kann von einem asymptomatischen Befall bis hin zu einer interstitiellen Fibrose mit schwer eingeschränkter Lungenfunktion auftreten. Mit dem konventionellen Röntgen wird die pulmonale Sarkoidose in 4 Typen unterteilt. Neben der Lungenfunktion ist der radiologische Befallstyp mit entscheidend für die Therapieindikation. Wichtige Bausteine in der Diagnostik sind neben der radiologischen Bildgebung die Bestimmung der Lungenfunktion sowie die Bronchoskopie zur histologischen Diagnosesicherung. Daneben muss bei möglichem Multiorganbefall eine umfangreiche Organdiagnostik zur Erfassung weiterer Organmanifestationen erfolgen. Die Therapie besteht an erster Stelle aus der Gabe von Glukokortikoiden sowie bei unzureichender Wirkung oder Steroid-induzierten Nebenwirkungen aus der zusätzlichen Gabe von Immunsuppressiva. Hier steht an vorderster Stelle eine Therapie mit Methotrexat (MTX).
Interstitielle Lungenbeteiligung bei der rheumatoiden Arthritis
Authors: Klemm Philipp , Henes Jörg , Xanthouli Panagiota 
Published: November 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie RA-ILD ist eine schwerwiegende extraartikuläre Manifestation der RA, welche mit einer gesteigerten Mortalität einhergeht. Dieser Beitrag verschafft einen Überblick und greift neue Erkenntnisse zu diesem wichtigen Thema auf. Eingegangen wird auf Epidemiologie, Risikofaktoren, Prognose sowie auf Diagnostik und Therapie. Besonders wichtig sind die frühe Diagnose und die Evaluation der Risikofaktoren. Diese ermöglichen eine Prognoseabschätzung. Dabei spielt die HRCT-Morphologie der Lungen wie auch eine Mutation in MUC5B eine besondere Rolle. In der täglichen Praxis sollte Augenmerk auf Anamnese, körperliche Untersuchung und die regelmäßige Lungenfunktion gerichtet werden, um progredient fibrosierende Verläufe der RA-ILD frühzeitig zu entdecken. Für diese Verlaufsformen gibt es neben der Therapie mittlerweile auch die Option einer antifibrotischen Therapie.
Interstitial Pneumonia with Autoimmune Features (IPAF)
Authors: Gerber Alexander 
Published: November 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDer Terminus Interstitial Pneumonia with Autoimmune Features (IPAF) wurde im Jahr 2015 samt entsprechender Klassifikationskriterien von einer interdisziplinären Task Force bestehend aus Mitgliedern der European Respiratory Society (ERS) und American Thoracic Society (ATS) vorgeschlagen. Das Akronym bezeichnet keine eigenständige Entität, sondern umschreibt ein heterogenes Patientenkollektiv mit idiopathischen interstitiellen Pneumonien und autoimmunen Eigenschaften. Für die Klassifikation einer interstitiellen Pneumonie als IPAF gilt: 3 Vorbedingungen und 2 von 3 Domänen (1. Klinische Domäne, 2. Serologische Domäne, 3. Morphologische Domäne) müssen erfüllt sein. Eine Domäne gilt als erfüllt, wenn mindestens ein Kriterium nachgewiesen wird (siehe Kasten „Klassifikationskriterien“). Die IPAF-Kriterien wurden geschaffen, um Patienten dieses Kollektivs für die weitere Erforschung in standardisierter Weise zu klassifizieren. Bislang gibt es jedoch sehr wenige prospektive IPAF-Beobachtungsstudien und die verschiedenen IPAF-Kohorten sind äußerst inhomogen. Sowohl die Klassifikation als auch die Betreuung von IPAF-Patienten erfordern eine interdisziplinäre klinische Zusammenarbeit zwischen Pneumologen und Rheumatologen.
Autoinflammatory manifestations in adult patients
Authors: Rodolfi Stefano , Nasone Irene , Folci Marco , Selmi Carlo , Brunetta Enrico 
Published: November 2022

SummaryAutoinflammatory diseases represent a family of immune-mediated conditions characterized by the unchecked activation of innate immunity. These conditions share common clinical features such as recurrent fever, inflammatory arthritis, and elevation of acute phase reactants, in the absence of an identified infectious etiology, generally without detectable serum autoantibodies, with variable response to glucocorticoids and in some cases colchicine, which represented the mainstay of treatment until cytokine blockade therapies became available. The first autoinflammatory diseases to be described were monogenic disorders caused by missense mutations in inflammasome components and were recognized predominantly during childhood or early adulthood. However, the progress of genetic analyses and a more detailed immunological phenotyping capacity led to the discovery a wide spectrum of diseases, often becoming manifest or being diagnosed in the adult population. The beneficial role of targeting hyperinflammation via interleukin 1 in complex non-immune-mediated diseases is a field of growing clinical interest. We provide an overview of the autoinflammatory diseases of interest to physicians treating adult patients and to analyze the contribution of hyperinflammation in non-immune-mediated diseases; the result is intended to provide a roadmap to orient scientists and clinicians in this broad area.
Phenology and Voltinism of Emerald Ash Borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in Central North Carolina
Authors: Bohannon G Ryan , Johnson Courtney L , Jetton Robert M , Oten Kelly L F 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), has killed millions of ash (Fraxinus spp.) trees across North America. Classical biological control using introductions of parasitoid wasps may provide a sustainable approach to managing this invasive insect. However, the establishment of parasitoids in the southern United States has been difficult. The phenology of emerald ash borer was studied in central North Carolina to inform biological control efforts that better align with the seasonal availability of susceptible emerald ash borer life stages in the warm climate of this region. Biweekly emerald ash borer life stage assessments were conducted in stands of infested green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall, Lamiales: Oleaceae) over 26 consecutive months (June 2019 through August 2021). Adult trapping was also conducted in these stands in the spring and summer of 2019, 2020, and 2021. Based on these collections, emerald ash borer exhibits a univoltine (1-yr) life cycle. Parasitoid-susceptible larvae (third and fourth instars in galleries) are present from late June through October (~1,100–3,000 degree days base 10ºC) and are mostly absent during the remainder of the year. Parasitoid release timings and the life history of selected parasitoid species should be aligned with this window of host availability to be effective. This characterization of emerald ash borer phenology and voltinism will help improve the timing and effectiveness of management efforts as this forest pest continues to spread in southern North America.
Epigenetic Inheritance: Impact for Biology and Society—recent progress, current questions and future challenges
Authors: Arzate-Mejía Rodrigo G , Mansuy Isabelle M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Epigenetic inheritance has emerged as a new research discipline that aims to study the mechanisms underlying the transmission of acquired traits across generations. Such transmission is well established in plants and invertebrates but remains not well characterized and understood in mammals. Important questions are how life experiences and environmental factors induce phenotypic changes that are passed to the offspring of exposed individuals, sometimes across several successive generations, what is the contribution of germ cells and what are the consequences for health and disease. These questions were recently discussed at the symposium Epigenetic Inheritance: Impact for Biology and Society organized every 2 years in Zürich, Switzerland. This review provides a summary of the research presented during the symposium and discusses current important questions, perspectives and challenges for the field in the future.
The Mir Yeshiva’s Holocaust Experience: Ultra-Orthodox Perspectives on Japanese Wartime Attitudes towards Jewish Refugees
Authors: Kowner Rotem 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
The exodus of Jewish refugees from Lithuania to East Asia in late 1940 has become one of the most remarkable stories of rescue during the Holocaust. The largest group among these refugees was the Mir Yeshiva—one of Europe’s most notable Jewish educational institutions at the time, and the only Lithuanian yeshiva to survive the war in its entirety. Recent studies of this story have emphasized the role of the rescuers—particularly the Japanese vice consul Sugihara Chiune, who issued visas to the Jews—while neglecting the perspectives of the rescued. Nevertheless, the Mir Yeshiva has produced numerous accounts of its wartime ordeal over the past seventy years. Overlooked for the most part by the historiography of this period, the Mir testimonies and writings shed new light on the experiences of the Jewish refugees in Lithuania (1939–1940) and East Asia (1941–1945). Considering these accounts within their broader historical and international context, this article highlights their contribution to our understanding of this episode and Japanese wartime attitudes toward Jewish refugees.
Root-secreted (–)-loliolide modulates both belowground defense and aboveground flowering in Arabidopsis and tobacco
Authors: Li Feng-Li , Chen Xin , Luo Hui-Min , Meiners Scott J , Kong Chui-Hua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPlant defense, growth, and reproduction can be modulated by chemicals emitted from neighboring plants, mainly via volatile aboveground signals. However, belowground signals and their underlying control mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that the root-secreted carotenoid (–)-loliolide mediates both defensive and reproductive responses in wild-type Arabidopsis, a carotenoid-deficient Arabidopsis mutant (szl1-1), and tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana). Wild-type Arabidopsis plants flower later than szl1-1, and they secrete (–)-loliolide into the soil, whereas szl1-1 roots do not. When Arabidopsis and tobacco occur together, wild-type Arabidopsis induces nicotine production and defense-related gene expression in tobacco, whereas szl1-1 impairs this induction but accelerates tobacco flowering. Furthermore, nicotine production and the expression of the key genes involved in nicotine biosynthesis (QPT, PMT1), plant defense (CAT1, SOD1, PR-2a, PI-II, TPI), and flowering (AP1, LFY, SOC1, FT3, FLC) are differently regulated by incubation with wild-type Arabidopsis and szl1-1 root exudates or (–)-loliolide. In particular, (–)-loliolide up-regulated flowering suppressors (FT3 and FLC) and transiently down-regulated flowering stimulators (AP1 and SOC1), delaying tobacco flowering. Therefore, root-secreted (–)-loliolide modulates plant belowground defense and aboveground flowering, yielding critical insights into plant–plant signaling interactions.
Spectral analysis of ultra-cool white dwarfs polluted by planetary debris
Authors: Elms Abbigail K , Tremblay Pier-Emmanuel , Gänsicke Boris T , Koester Detlev , Hollands Mark A , Gentile Fusillo Nicola Pietro , Cunningham Tim , Apps Kevin 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
We identify two ultra-cool (${T_\mathrm{eff}}\lt 4000$ K) metal-polluted (DZ) white dwarfs WD J2147−4035 and WD J1922+0233 as the coolest and second coolest DZ stars known to date with ${T_\mathrm{eff}}\approx 3050$ K and ${T_\mathrm{eff}}\approx 3340$ K, respectively. Strong atmospheric collision-induced absorption (CIA) causes the suppression of red optical and infrared flux in WD J1922+0233, resulting in an unusually blue colour given its low temperature. WD J2147−4035 has moderate infrared CIA yet has the reddest optical colours known for a DZ white dwarf. Microphysics improvements to the non-ideal effects and CIA opacities in our model atmosphere code yields reasonable solutions to observations of these ultra-cool stars. WD J2147−4035 has a cooling age of over 10 Gyr which is the largest known for a DZ white dwarf, whereas WD J1922+0233 is slightly younger with a cooling age of 9 Gyr. Galactic kinematics calculations from precise Gaia EDR3 astrometry reveal these ultra-cool DZ stars as likely members of the Galactic disc thus they could be pivotal objects in future studies constraining an upper age limit for the disc of the Milky Way. We present intermediate-resolution spectroscopy for both objects, which provides the first spectroscopic observations of WD J2147−4035. Detections of sodium and potassium are made in both white dwarfs, in addition to calcium in WD J1922+0233 and lithium in WD J2147−4035. We identify the magnetic nature of WD J2147−4035 from Zeeman splitting in the lithium line and also make a tentative detection of carbon, so we classify this star as DZQH. WD J1922+0233 likely accreted planetary crust debris, while the debris composition that polluted WD J2147−4035 remains unconstrained.
Elucidating the neurological mechanism of the FLASH effect in juvenile mice exposed to hypofractionated radiotherapy
Authors: Allen Barrett D , Alaghband Yasaman , Kramár Eniko A , Ru Ning , Petit Benoit , Grilj Veljko , Petronek Michael S , Pulliam Casey F , Kim Rachel Y , Doan Ngoc-Lien , Baulch Janet E , Wood Marcelo A , Bailat Claude , Spitz Douglas R , Vozenin Marie-Catherine , Limoli Charles L 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Ultrahigh dose-rate radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) affords improvements in the therapeutic index by minimizing normal tissue toxicities without compromising antitumor efficacy compared to conventional dose-rate radiotherapy (CONV-RT). To investigate the translational potential of FLASH-RT to a human pediatric medulloblastoma brain tumor, we used a radiosensitive juvenile mouse model to assess adverse long-term neurological outcomes.

Methods
Cohorts of 3-week-old male and female C57Bl/6 mice exposed to hypofractionated (2 × 10 Gy, FLASH-RT or CONV-RT) whole brain irradiation and unirradiated controls underwent behavioral testing to ascertain cognitive status four months posttreatment. Animals were sacrificed 6 months post-irradiation and tissues were analyzed for neurological and cerebrovascular decrements.

Results
The neurological impact of FLASH-RT was analyzed over a 6-month follow-up. FLASH-RT ameliorated neurocognitive decrements induced by CONV-RT and preserved synaptic plasticity and integrity at the electrophysiological (long-term potentiation), molecular (synaptophysin), and structural (Bassoon/Homer-1 bouton) levels in multiple brain regions. The benefits of FLASH-RT were also linked to reduced neuroinflammation (activated microglia) and the preservation of the cerebrovascular structure, by maintaining aquaporin-4 levels and minimizing microglia colocalized to vessels.

Conclusions
Hypofractionated FLASH-RT affords significant and long-term normal tissue protection in the radiosensitive juvenile mouse brain when compared to CONV-RT. The capability of FLASH-RT to preserve critical cognitive outcomes and electrophysiological properties over 6-months is noteworthy and highlights its potential for resolving long-standing complications faced by pediatric brain tumor survivors. While care must be exercised before clinical translation is realized, present findings document the marked benefits of FLASH-RT that extend from synapse to cognition and the microvasculature.
Prior infections and effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in test-negative study: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tsang Tim K. , Sullivan Sheena G. , Huang Xiaotong , Wang Can , Wang Yifan , Nealon Joshua , Yang Bingyi , Ainslie Kylie E. C. , Cowling Benjamin J. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundPrior infection with SARS-CoV-2 can provide protection against infection and severe COVID-19. In settings with high pre-existing immunity, vaccine effectiveness (VE) should decrease with higher levels of immunity among unvaccinated individuals. Here, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to understand the influence of prior infection on VE.MethodsWe included test-negative design (TND) studies that examined VE against infection or severe disease (hospitalization, ICU admission, or death) for primary vaccination series. To determine the impact of prior infections on VE estimates, we compared studies that excluded or included people with prior COVID-19 infection. We also compared VE estimates by the cumulative incidence of cases before the start of and incidence rates during each study in the study locations, as further measures of prior infections in the community.FindingsWe identified 67 studies that met inclusion criteria. Pooled VE among studies that included people with prior COVID-19 infection was lower against infection (pooled VE: 77%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 72%, 81%) and severe disease (pooled VE: 86%; 95% CI: 83%, 89%), compared with studies that excluded people with prior COVID-19 infection (pooled VE against infection: 87%; 95% CI: 85%, 89%; pooled VE against severe disease: 93%; 95% CI: 91%, 95%). There was a negative correlation between the cumulative incidence of cases before the start of the study and VE estimates against infection (spearman correlation (ρ) = −0.32; 95% CI: −0.45, −0.18) and severe disease (ρ= −0.49; 95% CI: −0.64, −0.30). There was also a negative correlation between the incidence rates of cases during the study period and VE estimates against infection (ρ= - 0.48; 95% CI: −0.59, −0.34) and severe disease (ρ= −0.42; 95% CI: −0.58, −0.23).InterpretationBased on a review of published VE estimates we found clear empirical evidence that higher levels of pre-existing immunity in a population were associated with lower VE estimates. Excluding previously infected individuals from VE studies may result in higher VE estimates with limited generalisability to the wider population. Prior infections should be treated as confounder and effect modificatory when the policies were targeted to whole population or stratified by infection history, respectively.
Cryo-electron microscopy of the f1 filamentous phage reveals a new paradigm in viral infection and assembly
Authors: Conners Rebecca , León-Quezada Rayén Ignacia , McLaren Mathew , Bennett Nicholas J , Daum Bertram , Rakonjac Jasna , Gold Vicki A M 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPhages are viruses that infect bacteria and dominate every ecosystem on our planet. As well as impacting microbial ecology, physiology and evolution, phages are exploited as tools in molecular biology and biotechnology. This is particularly true for the Ff (f1, fd or M13) phages, which represent a widely distributed group of filamentous viruses. Over nearly five decades, Ff has seen an extraordinary range of applications, including in phage display and nanotechnology. However, the complete structure of the phage capsid and consequently the mechanisms of infection and assembly remain largely mysterious. Using cryo-electron microscopy and a highly efficient system for production of short Ff-derived nanorods, we have determined the first structure of a filamentous virus, including the filament tips. Structure combined with mutagenesis was employed to identify domains of the phage that are important in bacterial attack and for release of new phage progeny. These data allow new models to be proposed for the phage lifecycle and will undoubtedly enable the development of novel biotechnological applications.