bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of electromagnetic characteristics of the proposed composite four-rail electromagnetic launcher
Authors: Tengda Li , Gang Feng , Shaowei Liu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In the existing composite four-rail electromagnetic launcher (CFREL), the armature and rail contact surface produces significant heat and bears considerable wear, thereby reducing the potential amount of electromagnetic thrust to be generated. To eliminate the damage caused by the thermal effect of the rail contact surface and to meet the electromagnetic thrust demand of the load, a CFREL is proposed. The proposed CFREL model is constructed, and the launcher’s electromagnetic characteristics are simulated and compared using the finite element method. The current density, distribution of magnetic flux density, and electromagnetic thrust characteristics are analysed. The results showed that the proposed CFREL reduced the maximum current density of the contact surface and effectively eliminated the current concentration of the armature and rail contact surfaces. Effective magnetic field shielding is realised with a larger range, which can better meet the requirements of the intelligent load’s magnetic field environment and provide stronger electromagnetic thrust for the load, hence solving the problem of insufficient thrust.
Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Target Organ Damage in Adolescents: The SHIP AHOY Study
Authors: Price Joshua J , Urbina Elaine M. , Carlin Kristen , Becker Richard , Daniels Stephen R , Falkner Bonita E , Ferguson Michael , Hanevold Coral , Hooper Stephen R , Ingelfinger Julie R , Lande Marc B. , Martin Lisa J , Meyers Kevin , Mitsnefes Mark , Rosner Bernard , Samuels Joshua , Flynn Joseph T. 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND
Development of cardiovascular disease in adults has been directly linked to an adverse metabolic phenotype. While there is evidence that development of these risk factors in childhood persists into adulthood and the development of cardiovascular disease, less is known about whether these risk factors are associated with target organ damage during adolescence.

METHODS
We collected data from 379 adolescents (mean age 15.5, 60% male) with blood pressure between the 75th and 95th percentile to determine if there is a metabolic phenotype that predicts cardiovascular changes (left ventricular mass, systolic and diastolic function, pulse wave velocity, and renal function). We determined the number of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and insulin resistance) present in each participant. Generalized linear models were constructed to determine if the number of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) were associated with measures of target organ damage.

RESULTS
The number of CVRFs present were associated with statistically significant differences in increased left ventricular mass index, increased pulse wave velocity, decreased peak longitudinal strain, urine albumin to creatine ratio and echocardiographic parameters of diastolic dysfunction. Generalized linear models showed that dyslipidemia and insulin resistance were independently associated with markers of diastolic dysfunction (P ≤ .05) while increased blood pressure was associated with all makers of target organ damage (P ≤ .03).

CONCLUSIONS
These data suggest the of the number of CVRFs present is independently associated with early changes in markers of target organ damage during adolescence.
Pediatric Emergency Department Sepsis Screening Tool Accuracy During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Yan Adam P. , Zipursky Amy R. , Capraro Andrew , Harper Marvin , Eisenberg Matthew 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND
Automated sepsis alerts in pediatric emergency departments (EDs) can identify patients at risk for sepsis, allowing for earlier intervention with appropriate therapies. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performance of pediatric sepsis alerts is unknown.

METHODS
We performed a retrospective cohort study of 59 335 ED visits before the pandemic and 51 990 ED visits during the pandemic in an ED with an automated sepsis alert based on systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value of the sepsis algorithm were compared between the prepandemic and pandemic phases and between COVID-19-negative and COVID-19-positive patients during the pandemic phase.

RESULTS
The proportion of ED visits triggering a sepsis alert was 7.0% (n = 4180) before and 6.1% (n = 3199) during the pandemic. The number of sepsis alerts triggered per diagnosed case of hypotensive septic shock was 24 in both periods. There was no difference in the sensitivity (74.1% vs 72.5%), specificity (93.2% vs 94.0%), positive predictive value (4.1% vs 4.1%), or negative predictive value (99.9% vs 99.9%) of the sepsis alerts between these periods. The alerts had a lower sensitivity (60% vs 73.3%) and specificity (87.3% vs 94.2%) for COVID-19-positive versus COVID-19-negative patients.

CONCLUSIONS
The sepsis alert algorithm evaluated in this study did not result in excess notifications and maintained adequate performance during the COVID-19 pandemic in the pediatric ED setting.
Cómo evaluar y mejorar el servicio al cliente de su empresa: una guía de ayuda
Authors:   Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ferrer Bauza Luis Alfredo , Ruiz Palomino Pablo 
Published: May 2022

Llamaremos gobierno al universo del dueño, propietario, socios, comité de dirección, presidente, asesores externos y llamaremos gestión al universo de las operaciones. El objetivo del gobierno es crear valor para los socios	obteniendo los beneficios esperados, optimizando los riesgos y los recursos con los que la empresa cuenta. En esta obra nos enfocamos en un aspecto de la empresa que es el servicio al cliente, así que debemos preguntarnos: ¿El servicio al cliente que ofrecemos está de acuerdo a lo esperado por el dueño, propietario o los socios de la empresa? Quizá hablamos de una pequeña empresa, con un solo dueño, pero la pregunta sigue siendo válida: El servicio al cliente que mi pequeña empresa ofrece ¿es realmente lo que yo espero que sea? Y si no tengo una pequeña empresa, si sólo presto mis servicios de forma independiente, sin personal, la pregunta ¿el servicio al cliente es realmente lo que yo espero que sea? ¡Sigue siendo importante!
Role of Rumen Bypass Nutrients in Dairy Animal’s Health and Productivity: A Review
Authors: Sarkar Srobana , Sharma Amit , Tariq Hujaz , Satapathy Debasish , Pal Ravi Prakash , Ohja Lamella , Sharma Hunny , Ahirwar Maneesh Kumar 
Published: May 2022

Ruminants have unique ability to convert poor quality feeds to high value animal protein. The rumen microflora degrades dietary nutrients into volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia for synthesis of microbial crude protein. The microbial protein along with rumen undegradable nutrients reaches small intestine which is sufficient to meet the requirements of maintenance and low producing animals. However, in case of high yielders and physiological stress such as pregnancy, lactation, transition, etc. it becomes a limiting factor. Under above circumstances, rumen protected/bypass nutrients are effective in delivering nutrients directly to the intestine in utilizable and efficient form. Supplementation of rumen protected protein, fat and vitamins improves milk yield, reduces heat stress and boosts immunity. Certain rumen bypass fatty acids can also enhance quality of milk by reducing saturated fat content and also improve the reproductive performance in dairy animals. Thus supplementing nutrients in rumen protected form can result in quantity and quality production from ruminants especially under stressful conditions.
Interactive effects of brassinosteroids and timber waste biochar enhances the drought tolerance capacity of wheat plant
Authors: Lalarukh Irfana , Amjad Syeda F. , Mansoora Nida , Al-Dhumri Sami A , Alshahri Abdullah H. , Almutari Mohammad M. , Alhusayni Fatimah S , Al-Shammari Wasimah B , Poczai Peter , Abbas Mohamed , Abdelhafez Ahmed 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Drought stress is among the major constraints that threat agricultural productivity within the arid and semi-arid regions, worldwide. In this study, wheat (a strategic crop) was selected to test its growth under drought stress and the mechanisms beyond this adaptation while considering two factors, i.e., (1) deficit irrigation at 35% of the water holding capacity (WHC) versus 75% of WHC (Factor A) and (2) the following safe treatments: the control treatment (C), amending soil with biochar (BC) at a rate of 2%, foliar application of 24-epibrassinolide at two different levels (1 (BR1) or 3 (BR2) µmol) and the combination between BC and BR treatments. The obtained results were statistically analyzed, and the heat-map conceits between measured variables were also calculated by using the Python software. This investigation took place under the greenhouse conditions for 35 days following a complete randomized design and all treatments were replicated trice. Results obtained herein revealed that drought stress decreased all studied vegetative growth parameters (root and shoot biomasses) and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and total contents while increased oxidative stress indicators. All additives, specifically the combined ones BR1 + BC and BR2 + BC, were effective in increasing growth attributes, photosynthetic pigments and ion assimilation by wheat plants. They also upraised the levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants while decreased stress indicators. Furthermore, they increased Ca, P and K content within plants. It can therefore be deduced that the integral application of BR and BC is essential to mitigate drought stress in plants.
Behavioral detection of optogenetic stimulation in inferior temporal cortex depends on the image being viewed
Authors: Azadi Reza , Bohn Simon , Lopez Emily , Lafer-Sousa Rosa , Wang Karen , Eldridge Mark , Afraz Arash 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
To be able to effectively restore vision by direct cortical stimulation, we need to understand the perceptual events induced by stimulation of high-level visual cortices. We trained macaque monkeys to detect and report optogenetic impulses delivered to their inferior temporal cortices. In a series of experiments, we observed that detection of cortical stimulation is highly dependent on the choice of images presented to the eyes and that detection of cortical stimulation is most difficult when the animal fixates on a blank screen. We show that optogenetic stimulation of object-selective parts of the visual cortex induces perceptual events that are easy to detect, probably as object-dependent distortions of the concurrent contents of vision. These findings invite expanding the scope of visual prosthetics beyond the primary visual cortex.
The specific heat of astro-materials:
Review of theoretical concepts, materials and techniques
Authors: Biele Jens , Grott Matthias , Zolensky Michael E. , Benisek Artur , Dachs Edgar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We provide detailed background, theoretical and practical, on the specific heat of minerals and mixtures thereof, ‘astro-materials’, as well as background information on common minerals and other relevant solid substances found on the surfaces of solar system bodies. Furthermore, we demonstrate how to use specific heat and composition data for lunar samples and meteorites as well as a new database of endmember mineral heat capacities (the result of an extensive literature review) to construct reference models for the isobaric specific heat cP as a function of temperature for common solar system materials. Using a (generally linear) mixing model for the specific heat of minerals allows extrapolation of the available data to very low and very high temperatures, such that models cover the temperature range between 10 and 1000 K at least (and pressures from zero up to several kbars). We describe a procedure to estimate cP(T) for virtually any solid solar system material with a known mineral composition, e.g., model specific heat as a function of temperature for a number of typical meteorite classes with known mineralogical compositions. We present, as examples, the cP(T) curves of a number of well-described laboratory regolith analogues, as well as for planetary ices and ‘tholins’ in the outer solar system. Part II will review and present the heat capacity database for minerals and compounds and part III is going to cover applications, standard reference compositions, cP(T) curves and a comparison with new and literature experimental data.
Intermedin promotes breast cancer metastasis via Src/c-Myc-mediated ribosome production and protein translation
Authors: Kong Lingmiao , Xiong Ying , Wang Denian , Huang Luping , Li Min , Feng Zhongxue , Zhou Yue , Zhang Haili , Liu Fei , Xiao Fei , Wei Yonggang , Zhang Wei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and is the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality in women worldwide. Intermedin (IMD) is an endogenous peptide that belongs to the calcitonin gene-related peptide family and has been reported to play important roles in several types of cancers, including breast cancer. In this study, we sought to investigate how IMD affects the behavior of breast cancer cells, the underlying mechanism of these effects, and whether blockade of IMD has a therapeutic effect against breast cancer. Methods: Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq), cell biological experiments, Western blotting (WB), immunoprecipitation (IP), and animal tumor models were used. Results: IMD expression was significantly increased in breast cancer samples, and the IMD level was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and Ki67 expression. Cell biological experiments showed that IMD promoted the anchorage-independent growth, migration, and invasive ability of breast cancer cells. Inhibiting IMD activity with an anti-IMD monoclonal antibody blocked these tumor-promoting effects. In addition, blockade of IMD reduced in situ tumor growth and significantly decreased lung metastasis of 4T1 breast cancer in vivo. IMD induced Src kinase phosphorylation, which triggered the transcription of c-Myc, a major oncoprotein controlling the expression of genes that encode ribosomal components. Our data suggest that IMD is involved in breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis, potentially through increasing ribosome biogenesis and protein translation via the Src/c-Myc signaling pathway. Conclusion : These results suggest that IMD may be a novel target for the treatment of breast cancer.
Analyzing Corporate Governance Model with Chinese Characteristics and Accounting Information Disclosure: A Quasi-natural Experimental Study Based on a Special Institutional Arrangement
Authors: Yang Kaiyuan , Huo Xiaoyan , Li Ruyi , Sindakis Stavros , Aggarwal Sakshi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A new corporate governance model for SOEs with Chinese characteristics was implemented in China in 2016, in which a 4 + 1 (Chinese Communist Party committee, shareholders’ meeting, board of directors, board of supervisors + managers) corporate governance structure was formed by integrating the Party organization into the traditional Western 3 + 1 structure (shareholders’ meeting, board of directors, board of supervisors + managers), and it was a major breakthrough of the modern enterprise system with Chinese characteristics. With this brand-new institutional arrangement as a quasi-nature experiment, the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and Differences in Differences (PSM-DID) methods have been used in this paper to empirically test the impact of the corporate governance model with Chinese characteristics on accounting information disclosure of State-Owned Enterprises (SOE). It has been found in the study that the corporate governance model with Chinese characteristics has improved the transparency of accounting information of SOEs in China, but no significant contribution to the quality of accounting information has been identified. Samples are subdivided in view of the influence of the hierarchy and internal governance of Chinese SOEs. In central government-owned enterprises or those with a low level of internal control, the new governance model plays a more prominent role in enhancing the transparency of accounting information. The study verifies the positive effect of the corporate governance model with Chinese characteristics in improving the level of accounting information disclosure. Also, the study has practical significance in enhancing the corporate governance system with Chinese characteristics.
Low-dose versus standard-dose computed tomography-guided core needle biopsy for lung nodules: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Li Er-Liang , Ma Ai-Li , Wang Tao , Fu Yu-Fei , Liu Han-Yang , Li Guang-Chao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: To assess relative safety and diagnostic performance for low- and standard-dose computed tomography (CT)-guided core needle biopsy (CNB) for lung nodules (LNs).Materials and Methods: This is a prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT) from a single-center. From June 2020 to December 2020, consecutive patients with LNs were randomly assigned into low- or standard-dose groups. The primary outcome was diagnosis accuracy, while secondary outcomes encompassed technical success, diagnostic yield, operative time, radiation dose, and CNB-related complications. This RCT was listed within ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04217655), registered 3 January 2020. Results: A total of 200 patients were randomly assigned to low-dose (n = 100) and standard-dose (n = 100) groups. All patients achieved technical success of CT-guided CNB and the definite final diagnoses. No significant difference was found for operative times (n = 0.231) between 2 groups. The mean dose-length product was markedly reduced within low-dose group in comparison to standard-dose group (34.6 ± 11.1 vs. 351.4 ± 107.4 mGy-cm, P < 0.001). Within low-dose group, the diagnostic yield, sensitivity, specificity, and diagnosis accuracy were 68%, 91.5%, 100%, and 94%, respectively. Within standard-dose group, the diagnostic yield, sensitivity, specificity, and diagnosis accuracy were 65%, 88.6%, 100%, and 92%, respectively. There were no significances in diagnostic yield (P = 0.653) and diagnostic accuracy (P = 0.579) between 2 groups. No significant differences within rates of pneumothorax (P = 0.836) and lung hemorrhage (P = 0.744) between 2 groups were observed.Conclusions: Compared with standard-dose CT-guided CNB for LNs, low-dose CT can significantly reduce radiation dose, while yield comparable safety and diagnostic accuracy.
Delineating and characterizing changes in heat wave events across the United States climate regions
Authors: Wanyama Dan , Bunting Erin Leigh , Weil Nicholas , Keeellings David 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Exposure to extreme heat, or heat waves, represents a public health threat as well as an environmental health threat. With projections for further increases in temperature in some regions, resulting from global environmental change, it is important to understand the spatiotemporal impacts of heat waves in order to minimize risk. To understand heat wave impacts one cannot look solely at the spatial and temporal temperature regimes but much also consider key heat wave characteristics: duration, size, magnitude, frequency, and region of impact. To understand the consequences of heat wave events it is critical to analyze such extreme events based on the cumulative impacts of these characteristics. This study, which is conducted across the whole of the continental United States, looks to map, and analyze such cumulative impacts of heatwave characteristics. Heat waves were spatially defined for the period of May-September of each year. Using persistence analyses and the development of a new index (Combined Heat wave Characteristics Index; CHCI) we can define regions of consistent heat wave exposure and impact. Results show that there are large differences across the United States in terms of heat wave exposure and impacting heat wave characteristics. Across much of the analysis a clear east versus west difference in patterns is seen. Overall, such work shows how and where differing, but covarying heat wave characteristics impact the United States. Information from this work can be combined with demographic and health metrics to better pinpoint susceptibility to heat waves – and therefore inform better management decisions.
Egg Production Performance and Mortality Rate of Exotic Chicken Kept under Traditional and Small Scale Intensive Production Systems in Assosa Town, West Ethiopia
Authors: Duressa Nega Mekonnen , Betelhem Betelihem Adamu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study was conducted to assess egg production performance and mortality rate of exotic chicken kept under traditional and small-scale intensive production system in Assosa town, benishangul gumuz region, western Ethiopia. To conduct this survey a total of 402 (385households and 10 key informants) samples were drawn by using random sampling. To measure some traits of egg production performance 30 eggs were taken from different exotic chicken breeds. Primary data were collected by using a semi-structured questionnaire, analyzed by (SAS, 2012) and presented by using tables and charts. Average number of Sasso T44, Bovans Brown and White leghorn chicken kept in small scale intensive production were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than chicken kept in traditional production. Average net income earned from exotic chicken kept in small scale intensive production was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than net income earned in traditional production. Mortality rate of Sasso T44, Bovans Brown and White leghorn breeds in traditional production was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than mortality rate in small scale intensive production. Average number of eggs laid by Bovans Brown, Sasso T44 and White leghorn chicken in small scale intensive production was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than eggs laid in traditional production. Major problems that affect egg production performance and mortality rate of exotic chicken in the study area were prevalence of disease and predators; poor feeding and housing management. Therefore, improvement of exotic chicken management practices could help to reduce mortality rate, boost egg production performance and thereby enhance the livelihood of small holders.