bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is real change in submaximal cardiorespiratory fitness in older adults? Retrospective analysis of a clinical trial
Authors: Hall Michelle , Lima Yuri Lopes , Huschtscha Zoya , Dobson Fiona , Costa Ricardo J. S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective
To assess the test–retest reliability of submaximal cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy active older adults.

Methods
This was a retrospective analysis of 41 adults enrolled in a clinical trial [mean (sd) aged 59 yrs (7); 29% females; and body mass index 24.5 kg/m2 (3.3)]. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed using a cycle ergometer 6 weeks apart. The initial workload was 1 W per kilogram of free fat mass (W/kg FFM) and increased by 0.5 W/kg FFM every 3 min until participants could not maintain the speed at ≥ 60 rpm, they reached a rating of perceived exertion of 15–17, and/or obtained a respiratory exchange ratio (RER) of 1.000. Reliability of $${V}{\text{O}}_{2}$$

V

O
2

, heart rate and RER was assessed for each workload, and for $${V}{\text{O}}_{2}$$

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O
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, when RER reached 1.00. Reliability was examined as the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC(2,1)), Bland–Altman plots, standard error of measurement (SEM and SEM%), and the minimal detectable change (MDC).

Results
Test–retest agreement ranged between (ICC(2,1) 0.44–0.84) with no discernible systematic differences between assessments. The SEM% for absolute and relative $${V}{\text{O}}_{2}$$

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O
2

ranged between 13.0 to 20.2%, and 13.8 to 26.3%, respectively. The MDC90% for absolute and relative $${V}{\text{O}}_{2}$$

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O
2

ranged between 30.4% to 47.1%, and 32.2% to 61.4%, respectively. The lowest SEMs% and MDCs% for both absolute and relative $${V}{\text{O}}_{2}$$

V

O
2

were observed for workloads at 2.5 W kg/FFM (~ 13% and ~ 31%, respectively).

Conclusions
Although at least modest relative reliability was consistently demonstrated, the smaller measurement error associated with absolute and relative $${V}{\text{O}}_{2}$$

V

O
2

at 2.5 W kg/FFM may indirectly suggest that submaximal cardiorespiratory fitness can be monitored more confidently at higher workloads. Findings provide critical information to determine how much change is considered ‘real change’ in repeated measures of cardiorespiratory fitness using a submaximal graded exercise testing protocol in healthy active older adults.
The Role of Sports Clothing in Thermoregulation, Comfort, and Performance During Exercise in the Heat: A Narrative Review
Authors: Di Domenico Isaiah , Hoffmann Samantha M. , Collins Paul K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe aims of this review are to (1) summarise the current research of sports clothing as it relates to thermoregulation, comfort, and performance during exercise in the heat, (2) identify methodological limitations and gaps in the knowledge base of sports clothing, and (3) provide recommendations for exercise testing protocols to accurately assess the impact of sports clothing in athletic populations during exercise in the heat. Sports clothing consists of lightweight and breathable fabrics, surface treatments, and various designs which aim to enhance sweat evaporation and comfort during exercise in the heat. Sports clothing comprised of natural, synthetic, and chemically treated fabrics has been investigated during exercise of varying durations (15–120 min), intensities (20–70% VO2 max) and types (fixed intensity, incremental, self-paced), and in an array of climatic conditions (18–40 °C, 20–60% relative humidity). To date, few studies have identified significant differences in thermo-physiological, perceptual, and performance measures between natural and synthetic fabrics or compared the effect of chemical treatments to their non-treated equivalent on such measures during exercise. Collectively, previous wearer trials have failed to replicate the upper limit of training and competition demands when assessing sports clothing in endurance-trained individuals who regularly train and compete in hot and humid climates. Clothing comfort has also been evaluated using simple scales which fail to capture intricate detail pertaining to psychological and sensorial parameters. The incorporation of protocols using hot and humid climates (≥ 30 °C, ≥ 70% relative humidity) and longer exercise durations (> 45 min) is warranted. Future research should also consider exploring the effect of sports clothing on thermal, physiological, perceptual, and performance measures between males and females, and assessing clothing comfort using a multi-dimensional approach.
Sequential activation of M1 and M2 phenotypes in macrophages by Mg degradation from Ti-Mg alloy for enhanced osteogenesis
Authors: Liang Luxin , Song Deye , Wu Kai , Ouyang Zhengxiao , Huang Qianli , Lei Guanghua , Zhou Kun , Xiao Jian , Wu Hong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Even though the modulatory effects of Magnisum (Mg) and its alloys on bone-healing cells have been widely investigated during the last two decades, relatively limited attention has been paid on their inflammation-modulatory properties. Understanding the activation process of macrophages in response to the dynamic degradation process of Mg as well as the relationship between macrophage phenotypes and their osteogenic potential is critical for the design and development of advanced Mg-based or Mg-incorporated biomaterials.

Methods
In this work, a Ti-0.625 Mg (wt.%) alloy fabricated by mechanical alloying (MA) and subsequent spark plasma sintering (SPS) was employed as a material model to explore the inflammatory response and osteogenic performance in vitro and in vivo by taking pure Ti as the control. The data analysis was performed following Student’s t-test.

Results

The results revealed that the macrophages grown on the Ti-0.625 Mg alloy underwent sequential activation of M1 and M2 phenotypes during a culture period of 5 days. The initially increased environmental pH (~ 8.03) was responsible for the activation of M1 macrophages, while accumulated Mg
2+
within cells contributed to the lateral M2 phenotype activation. Both M1 and M2 macrophages promoted osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cell maturation. In vivo experiment further showed the better anti-inflammatory response, regenerative potentiality and thinner fibrous tissue layer for the Ti-0.625 Mg alloy than pure Ti.

Conclusion
The results highlighted the roles of Mg degradation in the Ti-0.625 Mg alloy on the sequential activation of macrophage phenotypes and the importance of modulating M1-to-M2 transition in macrophage phenotypes for the design and development of inflammation-modulatory biomaterials.
Thermosensitive core-rigid micelles of monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-deoxy cholic acid
Authors: Han Jin Ok , Lee Hyun Jung , Jeong Byeongmoon 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Thermosensitive micelles with rigid cores that exhibit a reversible lower critical solution temperature at 30–35 °C can be applied for drug delivery.

Method

Hydrophilic monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol) was conjugated to hydrophobic deoxycholic acid to prepare monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-deoxycholic acid (mPEG-DC). Micelle formation and thermosensitive solution behavior were studied using various methods, including hydrophobic dye solubilization, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, turbidity measurement, microcalorimetry, and
1
H-NMR spectroscopy. Drug release from the thermosensitive micelles was demonstrated using estradiol, a model drug.

Results
The mPEG-DC formed micelles with a critical micelle concentration of 0.05 wt.% and an average size of 15 nm. Aqueous mPEG-DC solutions exhibit a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) that is independent of concentration and reversible over heating and cooling cycles. The LCST transition is an entropically driven process involving dehydration of the PEG shell. The thermosensitive mPEG-DC micelles with rigid DC cores were applied as an estradiol delivery system in which estradiol was released, without initial burst, over the 16 days in a diffusion-controlled manner.

Conclusions
This study suggests that mPEG-DCs form thermosensitive micelles with rigid cores that can function as an excellent diffusion-controlled hydrophobic drug delivery system without initial burst release.

Graphical Abstract
Thermosensitive core-rigid micelles of monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-deoxy cholic acid
Complete atrioventricular block under epidural ropivacaine infusion in a patient with first-degree atrioventricular block and myasthenia gravis: a case report
Authors: Hashimoto Takuma , Kuratomi Shinobu , Yoshimura Hayashi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
First-degree atrioventricular block (AVB) may lead to complete AVB. Herein, we present a case of a complete AVB under thoracic epidural catheter infusion of ropivacaine with fentanyl in a patient with first-degree AVB and myasthenia gravis.

Case presentation
A 74-year-old woman with first-degree AVB underwent thymectomy for myasthenia gravis. Continuous thoracic epidural catheter infusion of 0.2% ropivacaine with fentanyl was initiated at 15 min before the end of the surgery. At 9 h postoperatively, the electrocardiogram showed a 10-s-long pause due to complete AVB. Thus, a temporary pacemaker was implanted, and at 19 h postoperatively on postoperative day 1, cardiac pacing was initiated and lasted approximately 30 s. After catheter removal, she had no further episodes of complete AVB.

Conclusion
First-degree AVB may lead to complete AVB under the influence of thoracic epidural infusion of ropivacaine in patients with myasthenia gravis.
The biobehavioural effectiveness of spiritual-hypnosis-assisted therapy in PTSD with childhood trauma
Authors: Lesmana Cokorda Bagus Jaya , Suryani Luh Ketut , Tiliopoulos Niko 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a serious psychological trauma disorder. Treatment of psychological trauma tends to focus on patients' memory. Clinical Spiritual-Hypnosis Assisted Therapy is a culturally sensitive treatment that combines elements of psychodynamic hypnosis, cognitive–behavioral and humanistic therapies.

Methods
The current interventional single-blind randomized control study assessed the biobehavioural effectiveness of spiritual-hypnosis on cortisol and PTSD symptomatology in adults with childhood trauma. Participants were divided into spiritual hypnosis (n = 15) and a control group (n = 14) that received fluoxetine. This study used PCL-C & CTQ to screen the presence and severity of PTSD symptoms.

Results
Spiritual hypnosis was significantly better than fluoxetine at reducing PTSD symptoms, while both treatments had similar effects on cortisol modification.

Conclusions
Spiritual-Hypnosis Assisted Therapy for PTSD patients with childhood trauma appears to have a noteworthy effect in reducing PTSD clinical symptoms and results in a comparable to the pharmacological treatment modification of the HPA axis cortisol markers.
Impact of body mass index on urinary solutes in Egyptian adolescents
Authors: Mahfouz Nermine N. , Abd El-Shaheed Azza , Fahmy Reham F. , Sallam Sara F. , El-Zayat Salwa Refat , Sibaii Hiba , EL-Kassaby Mahitab I. , Mourad Hagar H. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
High body mass index constitutes a risk for nephrolithiasis in the context of metabolic syndrome. The majority of these renal stones are either composed of Urate or Calcium Oxalate. We aimed to evaluate the ratios of urinary Calcium and Uric Acid to urinary Creatinine as an early alarming pathological sign in overweight and obese adolescents. Ninety adolescents of both sexes participated in the study. Anthropometric measures were fulfilled, and calculation of body mass index and waist to height ratio were assessed. Urinary Calcium and urinary Uric Acid to Creatinine ratios were estimated in an early morning spot urine sample.

Results
Males and females had comparable values for solutes/Creatinine ratios. A highly significant negative correlation was detected between urinary Urate/Creatinine ratio and age of the child (P-value 0.001). Adolescents with higher body mass index had higher urinary Calcium/Creatinine and higher urinary Urate/Creatinine ratios but P-values were insignificant in our research.

Conclusion
At the age range of 10 to 18 years, the sex of the adolescent has an equivocal effect on urinary concentration of both Calcium and Uric Acid. Urinary solutes/Creatinine ratio decrease significantly by age in adolescence. Overweight and obesity tend to be risk factors for higher urinary solutes ‘concentration.
Multiple congenital visceral abnormalities as a rare cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Rabiee Parham , Saedi Sedigheh 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, progressive disorder. PAH is caused by a wide spectrum of pathologies but the cause remains undetermined on many occasions and patients are classified in the idiopathic group.

Case presentation
Here we report a young woman with rare congenital visceral abnormalities presenting with severe pulmonary hypertension.

Conclusions
Pulmonary hypertension is a complex disorder. Search for uncommon conditions that lead to pulmonary hypertension is necessary to determine the best management options.
Hepcidin and Erythroferrone Complement the Athlete Biological Passport in the Detection of Autologous Blood Transfusion
Authors: BREENFELDT ANDERSEN ANDREAS , BEJDER JACOB , BONNE THOMAS C. , SØRENSEN HENRIK , SØRENSEN HELLE , JUNG GRACE , GANZ TOMAS , NEMETH ELIZABETA , SECHER NIELS H. , JOHANSSON PÄR I. , NORDSBORG NIKOLAI BAASTRUP 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
We investigated whether hepcidin and erythroferrone (ERFE) could complement the athlete biological passport (ABP) in indirectly detecting a 130-mL packed red blood cells (RBC) autologous blood transfusion. Endurance performance was evaluated.

Methods
Forty-eight healthy men (n = 24) and women (n = 24) participated. Baseline samples were collected weekly followed by randomization to a blood transfusion (BT, n = 24) or control group (CON, n = 24). Only the BT group donated 450 mL whole blood from which 130 mL red blood cell was reinfused 4 wk later. Blood samples were collected 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 d after donation, and 3, 6, and 24 h and 2, 3, and 6 d after reinfusion. In the CON group samples were collected with the same frequency. Endurance performance was evaluated by a 650-kCal time trial (n = 13) before and 1 and 6 d after reinfusion.

Results
A time–treatment effect existed (P < 0.05) for hepcidin and ERFE. Hepcidin was increased (P < 0.01) ~110 and 89% 6 and 24 h after reinfusion. Using an individual approach (99% specificity, e.g., allowing 1:100 false-positive), sensitivities, i.e., true positives, of 30% and 61% was found for hepcidin and ERFE, respectively. For the ABP, the most sensitive marker was Off-hr score ([Hb] (g·L−1) − 60 × √RET%) (P < 0.05) with a maximal sensitivity of ~58% and ~9% after donation and reinfusion, respectively. Combining the findings for hepcidin, ERFE, and the ABP yielded a sensitivity across all time-points of 83% after reinfusion in BT. Endurance performance increased 24 h (+6.4%, P < 0.01) and 6 d after reinfusion (+5.8%, P < 0.01).

Conclusions
Hepcidin and ERFE may serve as biomarkers in an antidoping context after an ergogenic, small-volume blood transfusion.
Entry-to-practice competency expectations for health justice in Canadian physiotherapy curricula: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Aranas Kimberly , Al-Habyan Lina , Akhtar Narmeen , Ng Isabel , Noor Haleema , Poirier Mae , Dhir Jasdeep , Wojkowski Sarah 
Published: April 2022

Background: In Canada, physiotherapists are expected to possess and demonstrate several essential competencies upon entry-to-practice. Over the past decade, knowledge and skills relating to health justice have become increasingly important for healthcare professionals. However, health justice is still an emerging topic among Canadian physiotherapy programs and current curricula may be lacking explicit content to develop knowledge, skills and behaviours related to health justice which can be used to prepare students for entry-to-practice. This paper outlines a protocol for a planned scoping review. The purpose of this scoping review will be to examine existing Canadian entry-level competencies for physiotherapy related to health justice. Methods: A comprehensive literature search will be completed on four databases: OVID MEDLINE, OVID Emcare, OVID Embase, and EBSCOhost CINAHL. This scoping review will include both quantitative and qualitative methodological study designs. A grey literature search will involve advanced Google searches for sources from Canada, the United States of America, Australia, and New Zealand. Two authors will independently screen titles and abstracts to select articles for full text review. Data extraction for each selected paper will be completed independently by two authors using the proposed data extraction form. The extracted data will be presented through tables and a narrative summary that aligns with the objectives and scope of this review. Conclusion: The data collected from this proposed review will identify existing competencies and gaps related to health justice in current entry-level physiotherapy curricula. This information will assist academic programs in understanding how to integrate and identify competencies and frameworks related to health justice into Canadian physiotherapy programs to ensure students are better prepared to provide culturally competent and inclusive care and promote health justice in practice.
HEAT TRANSFER OF CANDU FUEL BUNDLES AFTER A LOSS OF COOLANT ACCIDENT IN AN IRRADIATED FUEL BAY
Authors: Logtenberg Derek , Chan Paul , Corcoran Emily 
Published: April 2022

Discharged CANDU fuel is stored under water in irradiated fuel bays (IFBs) to remove their decay heat. If the fuel is exposed to air, a self-sustaining reaction could result when the Zircaloy-4 sheathing reaches temperatures sufficient for a breakaway oxidation. To predict when the transition occurs, a 2-D fuel bundle cross-section model in air was developed using the COMSOL Multiphysics®platform. Breakaway was predicted to occur at its earliest within 2.6 hours for a range of recently discharged bundle powers. It was concluded due to the time required for heat up and cracking of the oxide layer, sufficient margin exists for operators to intervene before a passively cooled, isolated bundle undergoes breakaway. To examine the effect of multiple bundles, a 3-D model based on a quarter of a stand-alone spent fuel rack was developed to calculate the steady-state temperature and mass fluxes of air. The model provided a lower bound for the ambient temperatures because the flow resistance of the bundle was not considered. The correct incorporation of flow resistance is a necessary step before conclusions could be made about the safety of IFBs. However, the analysis using a Computational Fluid Dynamics model for a 0.5 MW fuel rack, indicated that the maximum temperature of the air within the rack was 642 K and located at the centre of the outlet. This result is encouraging to support the safety of IFBs, as the temperature is well below the 873 K, which is approximately the minimum required for a breakaway reaction.
IT-Führungsrollen des Top-Management-Teams im öffentlichen Sektor
Authors: Paech Andreas , Vogel Dominik 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungMittlerweile gibt es auch in Organisationen des öffentlichen Sektors häufig mehrere IT-Führungsrollen im Top-Management-Team (TMT). Wir wissen bisher aber sehr wenig darüber, wie diese IT-Führungsrollen ausgestaltet sind und wie sie sich voneinander abgrenzen lassen. Dieser Artikel nutzt Job Mining von Stellenausschreibungen im öffentlichen Sektor, um mittels einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse Kompetenzen, Verantwortungen und Aufgaben der IT-Führungsrollen zu identifizieren und Handlungsempfehlungen zu formulieren. Während zu den geforderten Kompetenzen von IT-Führungsrollen u. a. ein abgeschlossenes Hochschulstudium, Sprachkenntnisse sowie fach- und verwaltungsbezogene Kenntnisse zählen, zeigen die Verantwortungen verschiedene Ausprägungen. Die Aufgaben sind rollenspezifisch formuliert, zeigen jedoch eine Reihe von Überschneidungen zwischen den IT-Führungsrollen. Diese Überschneidungen legen eine CTO–CDO-Dyade mit übergeordneter CIO-Rolle nahe. Die praktisch ausgerichteten Handlungsempfehlungen umfassen u. a. eine höhere Gewichtung von Englisch- und Digital-Kenntnissen sowie lebenslangem Lernen.
Factors associated with psychological symptoms in hospital workers of a French hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons from the first wave
Authors: d’Ussel M. , Fels A. , Durand X. , Lemogne C. , Chatellier G. , Castreau N. , Adam F. 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
The COVID-19 pandemic has put hospital workers around the world in an unprecedented and difficult situation, possibly leading to emotional difficulties and mental health problems. We aimed to analyze psychological symptoms of the hospital employees of the Paris Saint-Joseph Hospital Group a few months after the 1st wave of the pandemic.

Participants and methods
From July 15 to October 1, 2020, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among hospital workers in the two locations of our hospital group using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist (PCL) to measure anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptoms. Factors independently associated with these symptoms were identified.

Results
In total, 780 participants (47% caregivers, 18% health administrative workers, 16% physicians, and 19% other professionals) completed the survey. Significant symptoms of anxiety, depression, and PTSD were reported by 41%, 21%, and 14% of the participants, respectively. Hierarchical regression analysis showed a higher risk of having psychological symptoms among those (1) who were infected by SARS-CoV-2 or had colleagues or relatives infected by the virus, (2) who retrospectively reported to have had an anxious experience during the first wave, and (3) with a previous history of burnout or depression. In contrast, job satisfaction appeared to be a protective factor. Overall, hospital workers showed the statistically same levels of anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptoms, regardless of their profession and whether they had worked in units with COVID-19 patients or not.

Conclusions
Our cross-sectional survey of 780 hospital workers shows that after the first wave, hospital employees had a significant burden of mental health symptoms. Specific preventive measures to promote mental well-being among hospital workers exposed to COVID-19 need to be implemented, first among particularly vulnerable staff, and then, for all hospital staff for whom anxiety is detected early, and not only those who were directly exposed to infected patients.