bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meaningful in-training and end-of-training assessment: The need for implementing a continuous workplace-based formative assessment system in our training programs
Authors: Alam Laima , Alam Mafaza , Shafi Muhammad Najm ul Hasan , Khan Shaista , Khan Zahid Mehmood 
Published: April 2022

Objectives: To analyze the systems and tools involved in assessment of skill procurement and demonstrating workplace skills in postgraduate medical training.
Methods: This cross-sectional survey was carried out by enrolling trainee doctors currently working in Medical, Surgical, Dental and Allied specialties of the country by sending a validated and piloted questionnaire through email. Data collection was done from 20th April to 20th May 2021. Data was analysed using SPSS v. 21.0.
Results: A total of 351 completed responses were received from 10 major cities of the country. Multiple aspects of entry-into-training, in-training and end-of-training evaluation showed poor correlation with the required training goals. A comparison of assessment for entry-into-supervised training (FCPS-I) versus independent practice (FCPS-II) showed a dismal situation regarding assessing affective skills like leadership, teamwork, coping with pressure and self-awareness. The concept of maintaining portfolios was completely alien to the trainees and the assessment tools used for demonstrating workplace skills were outdated. The lack of a continuous, periodic and balanced assessment (65%); detailed feedback (61.5%); fair exams (59%); variability in scoring system (58%) and professionalism of the examiners (57.5%) were the most frequently selected perceived flaws in the assessment system by the participants.
Conclusion: There are multiple lacunae regarding competency-based assessment systems in our training programs and a massive scope for improvement. Assessment systems should be implemented as continuous process of learning, self-reflection, feedback and revalidation throughout the training tenure at regular and multiple points.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.5.5921
How to cite this:Alam L, Alam M, Shafi MN, Khan S, Khan ZM. Meaningful in-training and end-of-training assessment: the need for implementing a continuous workplace-based formative assessment system in our training programs. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.5.5921
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Effects of modified twin block appliance in growing Class II high angle cases: A cephalometric study
Authors: Jha Kanistika , Adhikari Manoj 
Published: April 2022

Background: Class II malocclusions represent anteroposterior dysplasia usually resulting from mandibular retrusion. Along with a retropositioned mandible, it can be associated with either upward or backward jaw rotation. High angle cases are often associated with a short ramal height, steeper mandibular plane, and large gonial angle. Twin block is a commonly used myofunctional appliance that incorporates bite planes that direct the occlusal forces in a more favorable direction for correction of the retrognathic mandible. We aimed to evaluate skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes following modified twin block appliance therapy in high-angle cases. Methods: A cephalometric study was performed on 15 growing (10-14 years) high angle (Frankfort mandibular angle 28-35°) Class II Division I malocclusion patients undergoing twin block therapy. Skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes were evaluated by cephalometric analysis using Dolphin software. Results: Pre- and post-treatment changes in cephalograms were assessed by analysis of variance and paired t-test. Significant changes in the position of the mandible (angle between Sella-Nasion-Point B [SNB] increased by 3.9 degrees, P=0.02), Wits appraisal (decreased by 2.46 mm, P=0.04), maxillo-mandibular relationship (angle between Point A-Nasion-Point B [ANB] decreased by 3.73 degrees, P=0.02) were observed. Soft tissue changes like the nasolabial angle were also significant, increasing by 3.8 degrees (P=0.04) and lower lip relation to E-line (reduction in lower lip protrusion) by 2 mm (P=0.04). Vertical parameters showed non-significant changes, like the Frankfort mandibular angle (FMA) increased by 0.07 degrees, (P=0.67), the angle between Sella-Nasion and Gonion-Gnathion (SN-Go-Gn) increased by 0.33 degrees, (P=0.67), Y-axis increased by 0.2 degrees, (P=0.32). The upper incisor inclination decreased non-significantly from 5.60±1.24 to 4.20±0.86 degrees, (P=0.31) and lower incisor increased non-significantly from 100.13±2.23 to 101.80 ±1.37 degrees, (P=0.08). Conclusions: Modified twin block appliance can be used to successfully treat Class II Division I high angle cases with good vertical control.
COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy among Iraqi general population between beliefs and barriers: An observational study
Authors: Shareef Laith G. , Fawzi Al-Hussainy Ali , Majeed Hameed Sajid 
Published: April 2022

Background: Vaccine apprehension poses a serious threat to global health. While there has been a tremendous global effort to create a vaccine against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), little is known about its reception in Iraq. Therefore, we sought to examine COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, hesitation, and related elements in the Iraqi population. Methods: Between the 19th of May and the 22nd of September 2021, a descriptive, cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted employing a quantitative approach. Respondents from both sexes aged 18 years and above who live in Iraq and agreed to participate were included. An anonymized online structured questionnaire was designed based on data from prior research on vaccine hesitation in general, and COVID-19 vaccination reluctance specifically. Results: A total of 1221 eligible participants from various regions in Iraq actively participated in the short web-based questionnaire. The overall acceptance rate of the COVID-19 vaccine was 56.2%, with a greater acceptance rate among younger male participants (p<0.05). Marital status had no significant association (p=0.834). Urbanization influenced the acceptance rate significantly (p=0.002). The barriers to receiving the COVID-19 vaccine were exemplified by the vaccine not being evaluated for a sufficient period in 51.4% of the responses, as well as concerns about future side effects in 76.6% of the responses and a lack of efficacy in 55.7% of the responses. The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine received 39.6% preference and participants confidence, followed by the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine at 18.1% and the Sinopharm vaccine at 14.6%. Conclusions: COVID-19 vaccination apprehension was discovered in almost half of the study population. Lack of understanding about vaccination eligibility, anxiety about adverse events and vaccine efficacy, and distrust in the government were independently predictive of vaccine hesitation.
Preventable contributors to the neonatal healthcare-associated infections: a uni-center analytical study from South India.
Authors: Rani Usha , Lewis Leslie E. , Chawla Kiran , Naha Anup 
Published: April 2022

Background: Globally, neonatal healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are known to cause high mortality. HAIs is a preventable condition related to the healthcare environment. The current study explored the contributors to neonatal HAIs in one of the largest tertiary care referral hospitals in South India. Methods: Neonates from December 2016 to June 2018 were observed for the occurrence of healthcare-associated infections and compared with the matched control group. Various observations on neonatal demography, maternal contributors, and medical procedures were made and recorded to explore and analyse the contributors to neonatal HAIs. Univariate and multivariate analysis was carried out to find the contributors. The Odds ratio with 95% CI was also computed and reported. Results: Bloodstream infection (83%) was prevalent among neonates; the maternal contributor was only preterm labor (Odds ratio of 11.93; 95% CI; 6.47-21.98; p<.05) to acquire HAIs. On univariate analysis, mechanical ventilation for > 3days duration, NIV for > five days, and PICC line insertion procedure were significant (p<0.05) contributors to neonatal HAIs. IV cannulation for more than three times in four consecutive days was found in 100(85%) neonates considered being associated with neonatal HAIs. On multivariate analysis, NIV, PICC line, preterm labor, and low birth weight were significant (p<0.05) contributors to neonatal HAIs. Conclusion: The increased duration of invasive and non-invasive therapeutic devices and catheters contributes to neonatal HAIs. Neonates are acquiring bloodstream infections; low birth weight (LBW) neonates are more susceptible to acquiring HAIs.
‘Not finding causal effect’ is not ‘finding no causal effect’ of school closure on COVID-19
Authors: Endo Akira 
Published: April 2022

In a paper recently published in Nature Medicine, Fukumoto et al. tried to assess the government-led school closure policy during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. They compared the reported incidence rates between municipalities that had and had not implemented school closure in selected periods from March–May 2020, where they matched for various potential confounders, and claimed that there was no causal effect on the incidence rates of COVID-19. However, the effective sample size (ESS) of their dataset had been substantially reduced in the process of matching due to imbalanced covariates between the treatment (i.e. with closure) and control (without closure) municipalities, which led to the wide uncertainty in the estimates. Despite the study title starting with "No causal effect of school closures", their results are insufficient to exclude the possibility of a strong mitigating effect of school closure on incidence of COVID-19. In this replication/reanalysis study, we showed that the confidence intervals of the effect estimates from Fukumoto et al. included a 100% relative reduction in COVID-19 incidence. Simulations of a hypothetical 50% or 80% mitigating effect hardly yielded statistical significance with the same study design and sample size. We also showed that matching of variables that had large influence on propensity scores (e.g. prefecture dummy variables) may have been incomplete.
Empowering trainees through understanding learning theory and changes in medical education
Authors: Singhal Parag , Craig Stephen , Boyd Grace , Sandhu Davinder 
Published: April 2022

Background: Empowering trainees to think critically about decision making should result in the National Health Service (NHS) being more efficient and cost effective, thereby reducing the wastage of precious NHS resources on unnecessary investigations, treatment, and consequently putting patients at risk. There is a major shift from acquiring knowledge to critical analysis and synthesis of information for decision making. Trainees must understand how healthcare systems function and consequences of their decisions on budgets and patient care. Equally, faculty need to appreciate that their role is changing from information provider to facilitator of learning through feedback and supervision, role modelling, and innovator of learning approaches. Methods: A survey of 100 postgraduate trainees from the Severn Deanery was conducted on SurveyMonkey in March 2020 and January 2021. The survey consisted of eight questions focusing on trainee responses to participation in clinical decision-making in the inpatient setting. An additional question on communication with the patient was included in the second iteration. Results: With a response rate of 80, only 35% of trainees had their findings regularly verified by the consultant. One third of trainees reported that decisions were made by the consultant without asking their opinion on investigations or management. It was unusual for trainees to have any interaction with patients on consultant ward rounds and to understand the rationale for the requested investigations. Conclusion: The poor consultant trainee interaction represents a serious lost opportunity for experiential learning with real time feedback. Training programmes should support trainees being given opportunities to nurture analytical, problem-solving skills, dealing with uncertainty among other attributes of patient management. Trainees need to become competent through the art of critical thinking and develop a professional identity. Through this they develop confidence and competence leading to better patient outcomes, and prevention of the depletion of healthcare budgets.
A aplicabilidade da teoria dos sistemas na fundamentação das decisões judiciais
Authors: Cabral Ana Luiza Novais , Ribeiro Sidiney Duarte , Cruz Álvaro Ricardo de Souza 
Published: April 2022

ResumoA presente pesquisa vislumbra analisar a teoria dos sistemas desenvolvida por Niklas Luhmann apontando suas principais peculiaridades, trazendo conceitos como a diferenciação entre sistema e entorno, sentido, complexidade e a comunicação, conteúdos indispensáveis para a compreensão do modo de operar do sistema e de sua autopoiese. Para tanto, o trabalho se opera por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica com a metodologia qualitativa, de modo a verificar como a teoria dos sistemas está presente no modo de operar das decisões judiciais, haja vista que o direito é um subsistema que se mantém em constante evolução.Palavras-chave: Teoria dos sistemas; Sistema social; Decisão Judicial; Autopoiese dos sistemas. AbstractThis research aims to analyze the systems theory developed by Niklas Luhmann, pointing out its main peculiarities, bringing concepts such as the differentiation between system, surroundings, sense, complexity and communication, essential contents for understanding the system's operation and its autopoiesis. To this end, the work operates through a bibliographic review with qualitative methodology, in order to verify how the theory of systems is present in the way of operating judicial decisions, given that law is a subsystem that remains in constant evolution.Keywords: Systems theory; Social system; Judicial decision; Autopoiesis of systems.
Regularização fundiária plena: uma reinterpretação através da teoria do reconhecimento de Nancy Fraser / Full land regularization: a reinterpretation through Nancy Fraser's theory of recognition
Authors: Pagani Vitória Dal-Ri , Correia Arícia Fernandes 
Published: April 2022

ResumoO presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar a regularização fundiária no Brasil à luz da teoria da justiça e do reconhecimento de Nancy Fraser, autora norte-americana. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, com abordagem teórica, por meio da análise de documentos legais e artigos científicos. Verificou-se que a efetivação da regularização fundiária plena viabiliza a redistribuição, com a concretização do direito de propriedade a minorias historicamente excluídas, e reconhecimento, com a implementação da regularização urbanística e sociocultural, o que lhes garante dignidade por melhorar a qualidade de vida e fomentar o diálogo com a comunidade. Em que pese este diálogo seja ainda emergente, nota-se a importância de sua implementação nas políticas públicas brasileiras. Este estudo contribui ao demonstrar o potencial da regularização fundiária plena na emancipação dos indivíduos, na promoção de inclusão social e efetivação do Direito à Cidade.Palavras-chave: Diálogo. Direito à Cidade. Reconhecimento. Regularização Fundiária Plena. Teoria da Justiça. AbstractThis article aims to relate the theory of justice and recognition by Nancy Fraser, an American author, with full land regularization in Brazil. A bibliographic search with an inductive method was carried out. It was found that the realization of full land regularization enables redistribution, with the realization of the right to property to historically excluded minorities, and recognition, with the implementation of urban and socio-cultural regularization, guaranteeing them dignity by improving the quality of life and promoting dialogue with the community. Although this dialogue is still emerging, we see the importance of its implementation in Brazilian public policies. This study contributed by demonstrating the potential of full land regularization in the emancipation of individuals, in promoting social inclusion and realizing the Right to the City.Keywords: Dialogue. Right to the City. Recognition. Full Land Regularization. Theory of Justice.
A Float Meter Based System for Self-Regulated Discharging and Feeding in a Laboratory Semi-CSTR for Anaerobic Digestion of Chicken Litter
Authors: Zhan Yuanhang , Xiao Yiting , Schrader Leland C. , Zhu Jun 
Published: April 2022

HighlightsA float meter based system (FMBS) was designed for self-regulated discharging and feeding in an anaerobic semi-CSTR.The accuracy and feasibility of the FMBS were determined for anaerobic digestion of chicken litter.The FMBS had the advantages of much lower cost and better full working volume control than a digital accurate pump system (DAPS).Abstract. Given the rapidly rising costs in building lab-scale reactors, efforts are needed to examine innovative designs of reactor systems to reduce the expenses of scientific research. In this study, a float meter based system (FMBS) was designed for self-regulated discharging and feeding to operate a semi-CSTR for anaerobic digestion of chicken litter (CL) with wheat straw (WS). The FMBS functioned properly in following a feeding, reaction (stirring), settling, and discharging cycle based on the hydraulic retention time (HRT). However, clogging in the feeding or discharging lines of the reactor might occur for co-digestion of CL and WS with high TS content (C/N = 20, TS = 6%). Compared with a digital accurate pump system (DAPS), the FMBS showed the advantages of low cost ($182 &lt;&lt; $6000) and better control of the full working volume. The longest HRT that could be achieved in this study with an exchange liquid volume of 2 L in each operating cycle was 100.7 h. In all, the FMBS design could serve as a low-cost option for designing lab-scale, semi-CSTR for anaerobic digestion as well as other reactor configurations. Keywords: Anaerobic semi-CSTR, Feeding and discharging, Float meter, Self-regulated.
The diversity and distribution of Alpinia zerumbet clade in West Malesia
Authors: SETIAWAN EKA , ARDIYANI MARLINA , MIFTAHUDIN MIFTAHUDIN , POULSEN AXEL DALBERG , CHIKMAWATI TATIK 
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Setiawan E, Ardiyani M, Miftahudin, Poulsen AD, Chikmawati T. 2022. The diversity and distribution of Alpinia Zerumbet clade in West Malesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1734-1744. Alpinia belongs to the family Zingiberaceae and tribe Alpinioideae. One of the centres of Alpinia diversity is in Malesia, yet information regarding the taxon in this area is very limited. Furthermore, species richness and distribution in West Malesia have not been well documented particularly in respect of the taxonomical development following clade classification. The aim of the current paper is to study the morphological diversity and distribution of Alpinia Zerumbet clade in West Malesia to provide taxonomic information. Exploration was done in several locations in Java and Sumatra. Data were obtained from fresh and herbarium specimens preserved in three herbaria (BO, SING, BRUN), as well as digitally (L, E, and K). A total of 16 Alpinia species are placed in the clade of Zerumbet classified into a section, namely section Alpinia were recorded in West Malesia. They share several characters: i.e. absent or caducous secondary bracts, small or reduced lateral staminodes, and often having a petaloid and showy labellum. The highest diversity of Alpinia Zerumbet clade is recorded in the Philippines and Borneo (each has 7 species) and the lowest diversity is in Java (2 species). The most abundant habitat is in the lowlands and mountain rainforests. Most species of Alpinia Zerumbet clade are found in primary forest and secondary forest (Pinus or Agathis forest). A determination key was constructed based on information in the literature and direct observations of herbarium specimens.
Expression of heterosis, heterobeltiosis, and gene action in quantitative characters on soybean (Glycine max)
Authors: KRISNAWATI AYDA , ADIE MOCHAMMAD MUCHLISH 
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Krisnawati A, Adie MM. 2022. Expression of heterosis, heterobeltiosis, and gene action in quantitative characters on soybean (Glycine max). Biodiversitas 23: 1745-1751. Most soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) varieties have been created by crossing two or more parental genotypes. The study aimed to quantify the value of heterosis, heterobeltiosis, the degree of dominance as well as the gene action of the agronomic characters of F1 plants derived from the four soybean cross combinations. All the parents and crosses were evaluated in the screen house of the Indonesian Legume and Tuber Crops Research Institute (Malang, East Java, Indonesia) during 2021. The estimation for mid-parent heterosis (hMP), high-parent heterosis or heterobeltiosis (hHP), degree of dominance, and gene action was done for sevenquantitative characters (plant height, number of branches, number of nodes, number of filled pods, number of empty pods, weight of 10 seeds, and seed yield). The performance of the quantitative characters differs among cross combinations. The estimated value of heterosis mid-parent (hMP) for F1 crosses from four parental combinations ranged from -61.20 to 27.57, heterobeltiosis (hHP) ranged from -71.17 to 9.84, and the degree of dominance ranged from -6.45 to 19.40. The crosses of Derap 1 × Gepak Kuning and Dering 1 × Gepak Kuning showed a positive hMP and hHP for seed yield character. Thus, these hybrids could be used to develop high-yielding varieties with desirable traits in soybean. Seed yield character in the cross of Derap 1 × Gepak Kuning exhibited the overdominance type of gene action, meanwhile, the Dering 1 × Gepak Kuning was incomplete dominance.
Half diallel of F1 tomato hybrid and its double cross-compatibility
Authors: FARID MUH , ANSHORI MUHAMMAD FUAD , RIDWAN IFAYANTI , DUNGGA NOVATY ENY , ERMIYANTI IRNA 
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Farid M, Anhsori MF, Ridwan I, Dungga NE, Ermiyanti I. 2022. Half diallel of F1 tomato hybrid and its double cross-compatibility. Biodiversitas 23: 1813-1821. Breeding program for improvement of tomato fruit can be done through diallelic crosses genetic combinations. Therefore, genetic evaluation is needed to meet the breeding objective. This process can be combined with crosses between F1 to produce high diversity. However, evaluating the crosses' compatibility is required to increase the effectiveness of the assembly process. This study aimedto assess the half-diallel crosses of F1 tomatoes in the field and determine the most compatible pair cross combinationsin forming double and three-way F1 populations. This study was carried out in the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University. The field evaluation was arranged ina randomized complete block design with ten genotypes, while the compatibility evaluationwas carried out using 6 F1 half diallel as the parents. The results showed that the Mawar and Chung varieties were better parents in the crossings. Furthermore, the results showed that F1 K/M (the best yield component), M/C (the best TDS and Lycopene traits), and BC/K (the genotype has good traits of yield component, TDS and Lycopene) were the best single F1 crosses that could be inherited to the F2 generation. In contrast, F1 K/M and F1 K/C crosses were the best male and female parents, respectively. The recommended double-crosses include K/C//BC/M, and BC/C//K/M, while for the F1 unbalanced three-way cross was K/C//K/M.