bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of soil phytolith occluded organic carbon accumulation to long‐term vegetation restoration in Southwest China karst
Authors: Wang Ke , Sheng Maoyin , Wang Linjiao , He Yu , Guo Chao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAboveground vegetation can significantly affect soil PhytOC (phytolith occluded organic carbon) accumulation. To clarify the response of soil PhytOC accumulation to long‐term vegetation restoration in Southwest China karst, the four typical vegetation restoration engineering types of tree, shrub, vine forest, and grassland construction including seven species planting measures carried out 28–31 years ago were selected as study objects. And studies on their effects on soil PhytOC content and storage were conducted. Results showed that long‐term vegetation restorations obviously increased soil PhytOC accumulation and changed the proportion of soil PhytOC to total soil organic carbon. Among the different engineering types or species planting measures of vegetation restoration, there were significant or extremely significant differences in effects on soil PhytOC accumulation. Among the four types of restoration engineering, the tree forest construction had the best increase effect on soil PhytOC accumulation. And among the seven kinds of planting measures, the increased effect on soil PhytOC accumulation of Tectona grandis ('teak' an angiosperm tree species) planting was the highest. Vegetation biomass and litters were the key influencing factors on soil PhytOC accumulation. Soil C:P and N:P had significant effects on soil PhytOC accumulation by changing aboveground vegetation biomass and litters. Human activities could significantly change soil PhytOC content and storage, and reducing human activities of tilling and harvesting would be beneficial to soil PhytOC accumulation. The present results not only provided scientific bases for the vegetation rehabilitation of increasing soil PhytOC accumulation in outhwest China karst but also were great of significance in promoting stable soil C sequestration of the global terrestrial ecosystems.
Land use and cover change in Northeast China and its impacts on the Xing'an permafrost in 1980s–2010s
Authors: Wang Hongwei , Jin Huijun , Li Xiaoying , He Ruixia , Șerban Raul‐D. , Jin Xiaoying , Yang Xue , Șerban Mihaela , Yang Suiqiao , Wang Wenhui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBoreal forest and wetland have important influences on the development and protection of the ecosystem‐dominated Xing'an permafrost. However, the responses of different ecosystems to climate change and the impacts on the underlying permafrost are still unclear. Here, based on the multi‐period land use/land cover (LULC) data and long‐time series of air temperature, combined with the ordinary least squares (OLS) and ordinary kriging (OK) methods, the effects of land use and cover change (LUCC) on the distribution of mean annual air temperature (MAAT) and permafrost in Northeast China were analyzed. From 1980s to 2010s, MAAT showed an upward trend (0.025°C per yr) and extents of permafrost showed a decreasing trend (−3668 km2yr−1) in Northeast China. Permafrost degradation mainly occurred in forested land and grassland, with areal reductions of 4.0106 × 104and 3.8754 × 104 km2, respectively. The transformation of LULC aggravates the degradation of permafrost. The conversions of forested land and grassland to cultivated land and forested land to grassland resulted in the shrinkage of permafrost extent by 6233 km2from 1980s to 2010s . Our results confirm the significant impacts of LUCC on the Xing'an permafrost resulting in its degradation. Additionally, they can provide a scientific basis for ecological environment protection and restoration and sustainable development of boreal forest and wetland ecosystems in permafrost regions of Northeast China.
Dynamics arising from the impact of large‐scale afforestation on ecosystem services
Authors: Wang Yunchen , Li Boyan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnderstanding how multiple ecosystem services interact, how trade‐offs emerge, and how interactions among ecosystem services may change after the Grain‐for‐Green‐Program (GFGP) and is critical for managing multiple ecosystem services. Here, we conducted a spatiotemporal approach to quantify the impact of large‐scale afforestation on four key ecosystem services (i.e., crop production, soil conservation, carbon sequestration, and water conservation). We observed that three satellite datasets (i.e., GIMMS‐LAI3g, GIMMS‐NDVI3g, and NDVI‐ESTARFM) time‐series show a slightly improved and significantly improved trends, and crop production, carbon sequestration, soil conservation, and water conservation have improved after the implementation of GFGP. Simultaneously, almost 49% of the low levels and 58% of the high levels for all four of the ecosystem services considered changed after the implementation of GFGP. The results also show that relationships among ecosystem services have shifted from a trade‐off in 1988 and 1999 to an apparent synergistic relationship in 2011.We conclude that GFGP is a successful programme for addressing trade‐offs between services. Our study provides experiential support for large‐scale restoration programme in humid area around the World.
Formation mechanism of plant diversity in mechanical sand‐control technique‐implemented dunes in China
Authors: Yu Ming‐Han , Bao Yan‐feng , Ding Guo‐dong , He Yingying , Wang Chun‐Yuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough the influence of mechanical sand control techniques on vegetation on degraded sand dunes has received much attention for a long time, our understanding of the underlying processes of plant community formation is not yet strong. Analyses of trends in the turnover and nestedness components of beta diversity can be informative of the process of response to sand dune stabilization. In this study, we applied a field investigation of sand dunes at different stabilization stages in northern China. We then used Baselga's method to calculate total beta diversity and partition it into spatial turnover and nestedness to clarify the underlying community change processes. Our study indicated that the implementation of straw checkerboard techniques significantly increased the beta diversity of the community, leading to species heterogeneity. Species turnover was the main contributor to species beta diversity, and it was caused by high environmental heterogeneity with sand dune stabilization. The contribution of the nestedness component to beta diversity decreased with dune stabilization, indicating that with stabilization, dissimilarity was largely driven by variation in community composition rather than differences in taxonomic richness. This study provides insights into the underlying variation in species composition among sites where mechanical sand fixation engineering has been implemented and important guidelines for combating desertification.
A survey of computable biomedical knowledge repositories
Authors: Platt Jodyn E. , Solomonides Anthony E. , Walker Philip D. , Amara Philip S. , Richardson Joshua E. , Middleton Blackford ,   The Mobilizing Computable Biomedical Knowledge Trust and Policy Work Group
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionWhile data repositories are well‐established in clinical and research enterprises, knowledge repositories with shareable computable biomedical knowledge (CBK) are relatively new entities to the digital health ecosystem. Trustworthy knowledge repositories are necessary for learning health systems, but the policies, standards, and practices to promote trustworthy CBK artifacts and methods to share, and safely and effectively use them are not well studiedMethodsWe conducted an online survey of 24 organizations in the United States known to be involved in the development or deployment of CBK. The aim of the survey was to assess the current policies and practices governing these repositories and to identify best practices. Descriptive statistics methods were applied to data from 13 responding organizations, to identify common practices and policies instantiating the TRUST principles of Transparency, Responsibility, User Focus, Sustainability, and TechnologyResultsAll 13 respondents indicated to different degrees adherence to policies that convey TRUST. Transparency is conveyed by having policies pertaining to provenance, credentialed contributors, and provision of metadata. Repositories provide knowledge in machine‐readable formats, include implementation guidelines, and adhere to standards to convey Responsibility. Repositories report having Technology functions that enable end‐users to verify, search, and filter for knowledge products. Less common TRUST practices are User Focused procedures that enable consumers to know about user licensing requirements or query the use of knowledge artifacts. Related to Sustainability, less than a majority post describe their sustainability plans. Few organizations publicly describe whether patients play any role in their decision‐making.ConclusionIt is essential that knowledge repositories identify and apply a baseline set of criteria to lay a robust foundation for their trustworthiness leading to optimum uptake, and safe, reliable, and effective use to promote sharing of CBK. Identifying current practices suggests a set of desiderata for the CBK ecosystem in its continued evolution
Microstructured Scales in Porous Piezoresistive Vibration Sensor with Strain‐Rate‐Adaptive Gauge Factor
Authors: Korrapati Mallikarjuna , Chauhan Sunita , Tang Yunlong , Gupta Dipti 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFlexible vibration sensors extend vibration sensor applications to wearable devices that can detect the body's mechano‐vibration signatures. In addition, the sensors act as a good interface in the curved shapes of machinery for better measurement. Such flexible vibration sensors that comprise ultrahigh displacement sensitivity and good dynamic response can be developed by using highly sensitive mechanisms such as crack‐based sensors (CBS) or hair‐like sensors (HLS). In this work, a porous piezoresistive sensor is fabricated by coating porous poly‐dimethyl siloxane (PDMS) with graphene elastomer ink to create a conductive network in the porous structure. Squamous microstructured scales are observed on the pore walls due to a coating of graphene elastomer ink on the expanded porous structure and contracting back to its original shape. It is assumed that the scales on the pore walls impact electromechanical characterization by imparting strain‐rate adaptability and dynamic resistance. Additionally, the developed sensors display a highly distinct segmented gauge factor in different strain rates in quasi‐static characterization, and the gauge factor increases proportionally to the strain rate. Consequently, the sensor can detect vibrations in a bandwidth of 1–1000 Hz and respond to acceleration from 0.01–1.01 g.
The heart, brain, and body of marketing: Complementary roles of neurophysiological measures in tracking emotions, memory, and ad effectiveness
Authors: Baldo Davide , Viswanathan Vaidyanathan S. , Timpone Richard J. , Venkatraman Vinod 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhile neuromarketing research delineates how specific neurophysiological methods offer predictive power beyond traditional survey methods, few studies explore how these methods can be used concurrently to measure outcomes across marketing contexts. We address this gap by simultaneously eliciting multiple neurophysiological measures: inter‐beat interval from heart rate, skin conductance response, and frontal alpha asymmetry from electroencephalography (EEG) across multiple stimulus categories, and associating them with distinct psychological (emotional valence and arousal) and marketing (ad recognition and ad effectiveness) outcomes. We found that inter‐beat interval was associated with emotional valence while skin conductance response was associated with emotional arousal across all stimulus types. Critically, self‐reported arousal and inter‐beat interval at both the aggregate and frame level were associated with ad recognition, but self‐reported valence was not. Finally, inter‐beat interval and frontal alpha asymmetry played complementary roles in predicting out‐of‐sample ad effectiveness. Specifically, while inter‐beat interval was a significant predictor of out‐of‐sample brand recognition and not purchase intention, frontal alpha asymmetry was associated with purchase intention and not brand recognition components of ad effectiveness. Our results demonstrate distinct and complementary marketing applications for inter‐beat interval, skin conductance response, and frontal alpha asymmetry and provide valuable insights to practitioners seeking to incorporate findings from these neurophysiological methodologies into their marketing decisions.
Therapies, Research Funding, and Racial Diversity in Essential Tremor: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Zesiewicz Theresa , Vega Joshua , Gooch Clifton , Ghanekar Shaila , Huang Yangxin , Bezchlibnyk Yarema , Staffetti Joseph , Kingsbury Chase 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundEssential tremor (ET) is one of the most common tremor disorders in the world. Despite this, only one medication, propranolol, is approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat it.ObjectivesWe analyzed controlled clinical trials in ET, spanning the last 50 years, to identify potential shortcomings in the therapeutic clinical pipeline.MethodsOutcomes reviewed included demographics (specifically gender and race), therapeutic modalities, funding information, location of research, and trends over time. Clinical trials published in English were identified in scientific databases (Pubmed, SCOPUS, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform from 1970 through December 2021. Included trials were prospective, either single‐ or double‐blinded (including blinded video assessments for surgical trials), with change in limb, head, or voice tremor as the primary outcome measure.ResultsOne hundred and eighty‐six controlled clinical trials were accepted for extraction, including 4207 patients. Of the 145 trials that included gender, males comprised 59% of the patient population. Only 6.4% of studies provided racial demographics; in these studies, 70.5% of patients were Caucasian. The most common therapeutic modality over the past 50 years was “pharmaceutical” (56%), and the most common pharmaceutical studied was propranolol (32%). 41% of clinical trials reported no specific funding.ConclusionsFuture efforts should focus on increasing funding for clinical trial research in ET worldwide, and trials should be designed to be more inclusive of disadvantaged minorities.
Progress and perspective on hydrogen sulfide donors and their biomedical applications
Authors: Song Zi‐Long , Zhao Lanning , Ma Tao , Osama Alsiddig , Shen Tong , He Yilin , Fang Jianguo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFollowing the discovery of nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been identified as the third gasotransmitter in humans. Increasing evidence have shown that H2S is of preventive or therapeutic effects on diverse pathological complications. As a consequence, it is of great significance to develop suitable approaches of H2S‐based therapeutics for biomedical applications. H2S‐releasing agents (H2S donors) play important roles in exploring and understanding the physiological functions of H2S. More importantly, accumulating studies have validated the theranostic potential of H2S donors in extensive repertoires of in vitro and in vivo disease models. Thus, it is imperative to summarize and update the literatures in this field. In this review, first, the background of H2S on its chemical and biological aspects is concisely introduced. Second, the studies regarding the H2S‐releasing compounds are categorized and described, and accordingly, their H2S‐donating mechanisms, biological applications, and therapeutic values are also comprehensively delineated and discussed. Necessary comparisons between related H2S donors are presented, and the drawbacks of many typical H2S donors are analyzed and revealed. Finally, several critical challenges encountered in the development of multifunctional H2S donors are discussed, and the direction of their future development as well as their biomedical applications is proposed. We expect that this review will reach extensive audiences across multiple disciplines and promote the innovation of H2S biomedicine.
Stable isotope values of carbon and nitrogen in hair compared to bone collagen from individuals with known medical histories (Bohemia, 19th–21st centuries)
Authors: Drtikolová Kaupová Sylva , Velemínský Petr , Grossová Iva , Půtová Lenka , Cvrček Jan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study explores the impact of physiological stress on carbon and nitrogen isotopic values in hair and on the isotopic offsets between hair and bone. Isotopic values were measured in hair from 18 individuals who died between 1884 and 2006; isotopic values of bone collagen in ribs and femurs were measured in a previous study.The average nitrogen isotopic offset between average hair and rib value (Δ15Nhair‐rib) was −1.2 ± 0.7‰ and Δ13Chair‐rib was −0.7 ± 0.4‰. Individuals with chronic disease showed more variable hair‐rib isotopic offsets, as well as higher isotopic variation within the isotopic profile, than did those who died suddenly. Relatively low nitrogen offsets were observed in three individuals with bone isotopic values suggesting cachexia. Increases in both carbon and nitrogen isotopic values following worsening health were observed in two individuals with detailed medical histories. Both carbon and nitrogen isotopic values in hair differ between particular families and show a significant relationship to year of death.These results suggest that diet and/or shifts in the isotopic composition of consumed food are the main factors impacting the isotopic values of studied individuals even during the final period of life. On the other hand, evidence of biological stress, which was not observable in bone collagen, was found in the individual hair isotopic records. For hair‐bone isotopic offset, the results suggest the impact of cachexia varying in relation to the timing and progress of the cachectic event.
Nature‐reliant, low‐income households face the highest rates of woody‐plant encroachment in South Africa
Authors: White Joseph D. M. , Stevens Nicola , Fisher Jolene T. , Archibald Sally , Reynolds Chevonne 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Woody‐plant encroachment is an under‐recognized consequence of land degradation. This phenomenon is common in rangeland ecosystems, where woody plants outcompete grasses, resulting in a shift to more wooded ecosystems. The consequences of this for livelihoods are most often damaging. Case studies at a local scale have shown negative consequences for ecosystem services and livelihoods, though few have considered these impacts over greater scales to find more generalizable patterns that are useful for governance structures at actionable levels.

Here we make use of census data on household income and use of provisioning ecosystem services together with remote‐sensed woody‐plant encroachment data to perform the first country‐wide assessment at the municipal level across South Africa investigating correlations between woody cover change and (1) household income and (2) the use of provisioning ecosystem services use.

We show that woody‐plant encroachment is greatest in municipalities with low income and a higher reliance on provisioning ecosystem services, specifically when woody cover was low. This reinforces a poverty trap by creating a positive‐feedback loop. For example, encroached landscapes with lower grass cover are more prone to overgrazing, decreasing fuel loads and further driving encroachment. This places more pressure on the remaining grass cover and decreases the provisioning of ecosystem services.

Furthermore, our results allow us to rank the most affected municipalities based on income, reliance on provisioning ecosystem services and rates of woody cover change. We identify 16 municipalities requiring much‐needed interventions due to the risk of woody‐plant encroachment to natural resource‐reliant livelihoods.

We suggest that interventions to reduce woody‐plant encroachment be targeted in low‐income communities, providing a win–win scenario for livelihoods and biodiversity. We recommend that woody‐plant encroachment be recognized as major form of land degradation and that restoration of encroached landscapes be prioritized within the UN Decade of Ecological Restoration 2021–2030.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Use ofPennisetum glaucumstem powder waste as reinforcement in epoxy composites
Authors: S. Senthil , K. Murugananthan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe physicochemical, thermal, and tensile characteristics ofPennisetum glaucumstem powder (PGSP) are described in this article. According to chemical analysis, PGSP contains a larger percentage of cellulose (58.43 wt%) and lower percentages of hemicelluloses (12.86 wt%) and lignin (14.34 wt%). PGSP has a crystallinity index of 56.8%, with a crystallite size of 22.37 nm. A scanning electron microscopy and an atomic force microscopy were used to analyze the external morphology of PGSP. The thermogravimetric analysis of the PGSP exhibited a thermal constancy of 230°C and kinetic activation energy of 88.3 kJ/mol, indicating that it might be used as a filler material in thermoplastic resins with processing temperatures up to 230°C. Mechanical testing of PGSP‐reinforced epoxy composites signified that 9 wt% reinforcement is optimal to achieve improved properties. All the above findings of this investigation proved that PGSP can be used as a suitable primary and a secondary filler in polymer matrixes and it can also be used to make fused deposition modeling filaments for 3D printing.
Pin‐bearing connection strength of single‐bolted pultruded glass fiber‐reinforced polymer profiles strengthened by glass fiber sheet
Authors: Nhut Phan Viet , Tran Quang Duc , Matsumoto Yukihiro 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study's aim was to research the ultimate loads and failure modes of single‐bolted pultruded glass‐fiber‐reinforced polymer (PGFRP) connections reinforced by glass fiber sheets (GFSs) under pin‐bearing conditions. In total, 144 specimens with various geometric parameters of GFRP bolted connections with different ratio values of the end distance of PGFRP plate to bolt diameter (e/d) and various ratio values of width of PGFRP plate to bolt diameter (w/d) were considered, and their results are here discussed (e/d = 2,3,4 and w/d = 2,3,4,5). Three types of GFSs (0°/90° GFSs, ±45°GFSs, and chopped strand mat GFSs) were molded by the vacuum‐assisted resin transfer molding (VaRTM) method and used to strengthen the connections. The results show that all three types of GFSs had good effects on the increase in the ultimate load of the connections. In addition, the strengthening effects were decreased with the increase in the e/d ratio of the connections for all types of GFSs. Moreover, theoretical equations were suggested to forecast the ultimate loads and failure modes of pin‐bearing single GFS‐strengthened PGFRP connections with high accuracy (less than 12% deviation).