bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decolonizing Sociology in Africa
Authors: Gukurume Simbarashe 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter contributes to debates on decolonization by focusing on the decolonization of sociology in Southern Africa. In the past few years, the call to decolonize universities, pedagogy, and curriculum has gained traction. From the time of its emergence, sociology has always been implicated in processes of colonial empire-making. In fact, sociology is deeply rooted in Eurocentric epistemological and ontological canons. Drawing on research done in Zimbabwe and South Africa, the chapter focuses on the decolonization of sociology in those two countries. It examines the ways in which sociology academics are responding to calls to decolonize curriculum and pedagogy. Utilizing Nyamnjoh’s concepts of “incompleteness” and “conviviality,” it makes a case for a decolonized sociology that embraces incompleteness as a normal way of being and border thinking. It is asserted that decolonized African sociology should be conceived of as a permanent work in progress and as a space of convivial knowledge production.
Using Efficiency, Equity and Voice for Defining Job Quality, and Legal Regulation for Achieving It
Authors: Befort Stephen F. , Borelli Silvia , Budd John W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter uses the three key employment relationship objectives identified by pluralist employment relations theory—efficiency, equity and voice—to define the elements of job quality. This unique approach results in the principle that high-quality jobs are those that deliver efficiency, equity and voice for workers and organizations whereas low-quality jobs lack efficiency, equity and/or voice. The resulting job quality measures are new additions to the scholarly literature and policy statements on job quality, especially with respect to efficiency and voice. Notably, the foundational use of efficiency, equity and voice uniquely indicated that good jobs are not only those that are good for workers but are also productive jobs that serve organizational and societal interests and that provide multiple channels of voice. Pluralist industrial relations thought is also used to inform strategies for achieving high levels of job quality. In contrast to alternative perspectives that rely on markets or organizational leaders, a pluralist industrial relations approach focuses attention on how to structure capitalist, non-market institutions to promote desirable levels of job quality. Legal interventions in the United States and Europe that can promote job quality by improving efficiency, equity and/or voice are used as illustrations.
Knowledge
Authors: Campbell-Verduyn Malcolm 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter identifies a gap in International Political Economy (IPE) research broadly scrutinizing knowledge from positivist and post-positivist epistemologies. It concurs with the claim advanced by the handbook editors that this gap is not necessarily bad in elaborating deep knowledge on a range of empirical issues. Nevertheless, it finds that better communication and interaction between positivist and post-positivist research can enhance the wisdom of IPE. Three avenues of research—on knowledge governance, historicity, and technology—are identified as useful pathways for communicating IPE insights into the production, dissemination, and control of knowledge across the epistemological divide, as well as more widely with students, policymakers, and the broader public.
The German Welfare State
Authors: Starke Peter 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The chapter sketches the transformation of the German welfare state since reunification. Its central thesis is that while the ‘shell’ of the social insurance system remains visible, it has been hollowed out and does not deliver the same level of security as it used to. Policy drift and deliberate reforms have reduced its ability to counteract the strongly inegalitarian trends in society and in Germany’s liberalized political economy. The traditional goal of status security has been partly replaced by minimum protection and ‘social investment’. This development is traced chronologically, through several reform episodes dealing, respectively, with the challenge of reunification, mass unemployment, demographic change, rising female labour market participation, and, finally, the management of a series of exogenous shocks since 2008. The chapter also asks to what extent the German welfare state delivers on key social outcomes.
Gender and Political Participation
Authors: Páez-Bernal Camila , Kittilson Miki Caul 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Abstract: Across most democracies, gender differences continue to define a variety of modes of political participation. Examining only electoral forms of participation limits explanation of how, when, and why men and women participate in the political process. We discuss how communitarian and private spaces are grounds for political participation. We call for considering a wider set of contextual factors to explain variation across place, time, and modes of participation. Further, cross-level links between the international, national, and local can help theorize how context creates opportunities and incentives for particular forms of participation. Specifically, taking into account the contours of women’s movements and women’s organizations may improve understanding of gender differences in political participation and in the understanding of social movements.
Political Disengagement
Authors: Valgarðsson Viktor , Stoker Gerry , Devine Daniel , Gaskell Jen , Jennings Will 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In recent decades, scholars and commentators have raised concerns about increasing citizen disengagement from politics, in particular from formal participation in liberal democracies. This trend is generally seen as indicative of declining public support for these regimes, but empirical analyses of the implications of disengagement are rare. This chapter looks at the relationship between disengagement and political trust across different types of engagement and regime. Disengagement from formal politics (voting) and cognitive engagement (political interest) are significantly related to lower levels of political trust in all regimes. Disengagement from extra-institutional politics (demonstrations) is associated with higher levels of trust, however, except at the aggregate level among liberal democracies. These results clarify the interaction of disengagement with political trust and potentially regime support, but a final interpretation must wait for a better understanding of change over time and to what extent younger generations of citizens engage and trust in different ways.
Comportements de mouvement et santé des enfants et des jeunes handicapés : impact de la pandémie de COVID-19 en 2020
Authors: Arbour-Nicitopoulos Kelly P , James Maeghan E , Moore Sarah A , Sharma Ritu , Martin Ginis Kathleen A 
Published: September 2022

Résumé

Objectifs
Cette étude s’est penchée sur l’impact ponctuel et prolongé de la pandémie de COVID-19 sur les comportements de mouvement et la santé des enfants et jeunes handicapés du Canada.

Méthode
Quatre-vingt-six parents d’enfants et jeunes handicapés ont répondu deux fois à un questionnaire en ligne (en mai et en novembre 2020). Des entrevues ont eu lieu en mars 2021 auprès de sept familles.

Résultats
Lors des deux évaluations, &lt; 20 % des enfants et jeunes handicapés atteignaient les cibles d’activité physique et de comportement sédentaire préconisées dans les directives, et &gt; 50 % des enfants et jeunes handicapés atteignaient les cibles de sommeil. Aucun enfant et jeune handicapé n’atteignait les trois cibles de mouvement préconisées dans les directives. Près du quart des enfants et jeunes handicapés ont rapporté un déclin par rapport au niveau d’avant la pandémie. Les thèmes de l’entrevue ont révélé que le changement de la routine, le temps libre, les occasions moins fréquentes de physiothérapie, la capacité parentale et l’environnement social et aménagé ont tous contribué aux comportements de mouvement des enfants et jeunes handicapés.

Conclusions
Les efforts de relance après la pandémie de COVID-19 doivent donner la priorité aux comportements de mouvement et à la santé des enfants et jeunes handicapés par l’entremise de programmes de bonne qualité, d’instructeurs bien formés, d’infrastructure accessible et inclusive, et de santé axée sur la famille.
Sourcing the water that makes up tree biomass
Authors: Dawson Todd E 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Determining the potential sources of water that eventually become organic matter that make up the bulk of tree biomass has been facilitated by using the stable isotope composition of waters. Until recently these water sources were thought to only be taken up by roots from soils and other subsurface reservoirs. However, there is a growing body of evidence that now shows that water taken up directly by leaves and stems can not only be significant but can also dominate as the water source used in organic matter synthesis. In this commentary, I review and discuss these issues and point to an important paper by Akira Kagawa in this issue of Tree Physiology that provides a new experimental method and some striking evidence that foliar water uptake can be the primary water source that makes up tree biomass.
Reconstruction of medial collateral ligament and posterior oblique ligament of the knee using anatomically routed semitendinosus transfer: a retrospective case series
Authors: Haroun Haitham K. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Double bundle reconstruction of superficial medial collateral (sMCL) and posterior oblique (POL) ligaments with a single femoral tunnel using distally based semitendinosus is a traditional procedure for management of medial knee ligament complex injuries. However, the transferred tendon was always routed in nonanatomical configuration. The author reports the clinical outcomes and complications in a reconstruction technique with anatomical graft routing method.

Methods:
Fourteen patients with International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) grade 3 or 4 valgus instability and anteromedial rotatory instability underwent reconstruction of sMCL and POL by anatomically routed semitendinosus tendon transfer. The average age of the patients was 36.6 yr. Medial-sided knee ligament injury was isolated in two patients and part of multiligament knee injury in 12 patients. The average duration between injury and surgery was 7 wk (range 2 to 25). Patients were evaluated preoperatively and at final follow-up.

Results:
After a median follow-up of 29.5 mo (range, 24 to 36), the mean Lysholm and IKDC subjective scores improved from 27 (2.95) and 46.8 (8.26) preoperatively to 87.6 (3.44) and 71.7 (3.68) at latest follow-up (P<0.05), respectively. Nine patients (64.3%) returned at a preinjury Tegner score level at final follow-up. Both medial and posteromedial laxity were significantly improved on physical examination (P<0.01). No patients had recurrent laxity of medial knee reconstruction or any concurrent cruciate ligament reconstructions.

Conclusions:
Reconstruction of sMCL and POL using anatomically routed semitendinosus transfer showed favorable clinical outcomes without recurrence of medial or anteromedial instability after midterm follow-up.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Development of a strategy for assessing blood-brain barrier disruption using serum S100 calcium-binding protein B and neuron-specific enolase in early stage of neuroemergencies: A preliminary study
Authors: Yun Gi Su , In Yong Nam , Kang Changshin , Park Jung Soo , You Yeonho , Min Jin Hong , Ahn Hong Joon , Yoo Insool , Kim Seung Whan , Oh Se Kwang , Lee In Ho , Kim Da Mi 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Rapid disease progression in neuroemergencies is associated with blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. We investigated a less invasive strategy for assessing BBB status by evaluating S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) at early stages of the hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) cascade.

Methods:
This retrospective study used prospectively collected data from patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (August 2019–July 2021). Albumin specimens obtained from serum and cerebrospinal fluid via arterial catheter and lumbar puncture were used to measure the albumin quotient (Qa), which is widely accepted as the gold standard method for detecting BBB disruption. Serum S100B and NSE levels were measured simultaneously following the return of spontaneous circulation. We conducted linear regression to evaluate the relationship between S100B and Qa and the predictive performance of S100B for abnormal Qa. The primary study outcome was abnormal Qa (>0.007).

Results:
Forty-one patients were enrolled; 30 showed an abnormal Qa suggestive of BBB disruption. S100B levels were significantly higher than in those with a normal Qa (0.244 μg/L [interquartile range [IQR], 0.146–0.823 vs 0.754 μg/L [IQR, 0.317–2.228], P = .03). We report a positive correlation between serum S100B and Qa (R2 = 0.110; P = .04). The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) evaluating the predictive performance of S100B with respect to abnormal Qa was 0.718 (95% confidence interval, 0.556–0.847). The cutoff value for S100B (with respect to BBB disruption) in the total cohort was 0.283 μg/L (sensitivity, 80.0%; specificity, 72.7%). Subgroup analyses in patients with serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels of <40.8 ng/mL (excluding those with established neuronal cell injury) showed an improved correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.382; P < .01) and predictive performance (AUROC, 0.836 [95% confidence interval, 0.629–0.954]) compared with the total cohort.

Conclusions:
Serum S100B obtained at an early stage of the HIBI cascade is associated with abnormal Qa, suggesting BBB disruption. The predictive performance of S100B and the correlation between serum S100B and Qa can be improved using a complementary strategy (i.e., evaluations of S100B and NSE levels) that combines considerations of cell damage in astrocytes and neurons.
Acquired dural arteriovenous fistula after cerebellopontine angle meningioma: A case report
Authors: Park Jung-Soo , Lee Jong-Myong 
Published: September 2022

Rationale:
Intracranial brain surgeries, including ventriculostomy, burr hole, craniotomy, and craniectomy, are the most common causes of acquired dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF). Here we report a case of acquired dAVF after a cerebellopontine angle meningioma surgery.

Patient concerns:
A 51-year-old woman was diagnosed with a 40-mm cerebellopontine angle meningioma. The patient underwent surgery via a retrosigmoid suboccipital approach. A small craniotomy and an additional craniectomy were performed. At 7 months after the surgery, she presented with pulsating tinnitus and headache.

Diagnosis:
Magnetic resonance imaging and digital subtraction angiography showed a dAVF that was fed by the occipital artery and drained into transverse and sigmoid sinuses.

Interventions:
We performed Onyx® (Irvine, CA) embolization.

Outcomes:
The patient’s symptoms completely improved.

Lessons:
Craniectomy defects, partially exposed sinuses, and incomplete cranioplasty might be risk factors for iatrogenic dAVF after a retrosigmoid suboccipital craniotomy or craniectomy. Complete reconstructive cranioplasty is an essential procedure to prevent a direct connection between the venous sinus and the external carotid artery.
Effectiveness of home-based telerehabilitation programs on functional capacity and cardiac function in elderly heart failure patients: A prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Tsai Wei-Jung , Wen Yan-Kai , Cheng Yuan-Yang , Huang Jin-Long , Chen Yan-Wen 
Published: September 2022

Decreased functional capacity and reduced cardiac function were the main symptoms in patients with heart failure (HF) and the incidence increases with advanced age. The guidelines recommend that exercise training should be considered for medically stable HF outpatients. Studies have confirmed that exercise can improve functional capacity, prognosis, and reduced hospitalization rates; however, very few studies have investigated the elderly. It is not clear whether exercise could be feasible in elderly HF. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the 6-month heart failure post-acute care program focused on home-based cardiac telerehabilitation (HCTR) on functional capacity, cardiac function, and readmission rates in HF patients.
A prospective longitudinal study was conducted. Study duration was from January 2018 to December 2019. HF patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction <40% and age ≧65 years were included and divided into intervention (n = 40) and control group (n = 41). We arranged a 6-month heart failure post-acute care program that included outpatient cardiac rehabilitation and home exercise for the intervention group. The response to home exercise was followed by telemonitor. The exercise parameters were recorded on the HF health management mobile application system platform by each patient and daily transmission to hospital’s cloud database as HCTR, usual care program for the control group. Information such as general data, laboratory data, six-minute walk test, cardiac function, and admission record was collected from all patients.
Eighty one patients between the ages of 65 and 92 completed the study. The mean age was 73.3 ± 5.0 and 75.6 ± 6.0 years in control and intervention group, respectively. The intervention group showed a statistically significant improvement in functional capacity, percentage change in the of six-minute walk distance (51.2% vs 17.7%, P < .05, 95% confidence interval −45.9 to −6.3). Left ventricular ejection fraction increased by 7.7%, which corresponds to 25.6% in relative terms (P < .05, 95% confidence interval −7.8 to −0.5). The readmission rate was 4.6% in the intervention group.
Six months of post-acute HF focused on HCTR programs was safe, improved functional capacity, cardiac function, and decreased readmission rate in elderly patients with HF patients.
Relationship between cervical posterior subcutaneous fat tissue thickness and the presence and degree of cervical intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Yuksel Yavuz , Ergun Tarkan , Torun Ebru 
Published: September 2022

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cervical region subcutaneous fat tissue thickness and the presence and level of cervical intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD).

Methods:
Magnetic resonance imaging examinations of patients referred to our clinic for the investigation of neck pain were evaluated retrospectively. A total of 300 women aged 30–40 years were included in the study. The presence and level of IVDD were evaluated for each patient. The cervical subcutaneous fat tissue thickness was also measured.

Results:
IVDD was determined as Grade 1 for 88 patients (29.3%), Grade 2 for 56 patients (18.6%), Grade 3 for 82 patients (27.3%), Grade 4 for 60 patients (20%), and Grade 5 for 14 patients (4.6%). Subcutaneous fat tissue thickness was higher in patients with cervical disc degeneration (mean: 6.28 ± 0.19 mm) than in those without cervical disc degeneration (mean: 5.33 ± 0.18 mm) (P = .001). There was a positive correlation between the degree of cervical disc degeneration and subcutaneous fat tissue thickness ( = 0.001, r = 0.245).

Conclusion:
An increase in the cervical fat tissue thickness is a predisposing factor for the development of degeneration of the intervertebral disc. There is a close relationship between subcutaneous fat tissue thickness and the degree of degeneration.
Islet architecture in adult mice is actively maintained by Robo2 expression in β cells
Authors: Waters Bayley J. , Blum Barak 
Published: September 2022

SummaryPancreatic islets of Langerhans have a non-random spatial architecture, which is important to proper glucose homeostasis. Islet architecture forms during embryonic development, in a morphogenesis process partially involving expression of Roundabout (Robo) receptors in β cells, and their ligand, Slit, in the surrounding mesenchyme. Whether islet architecture is set during development and remains passive in adulthood, or whether it requires active maintenance throughout life, has not been determined. To distinguish between these two models, we conditionally deleted Robo2 in β cells of adult mice and observed their islet architecture following a two-month chase. Here, we show that deleting Robo2 in adult β cells causes significant loss of islet architecture without affecting β cell identity, maturation, or stress, indicating that Robo2 plays a role in actively maintaining adult islet architecture. Understanding the factors required to maintain islet architecture, and thus optimize islet function, is important for developing future diabetes therapies.
Protein engineering shows antifreeze activity scales with ice-binding site area
Authors: Scholl Connor L. , Davies Peter L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe ice-binding site (IBS) of the 9.6-kDa springtail (Collembola) antifreeze protein from Granisotoma rainieri was identified by mutagenesis. We then studied the protein’s activity as a function of IBS area. Its polyproline type II helical bundle fold facilitates changes to both IBS length and width. A one third increase in IBS width, through the addition of a single helix doubled antifreeze activity. A one third decrease in area reduced activity to 10%. A construct engineered with an additional tripeptide turn in each helix displayed a 5-fold decrease in activity. Molecular dynamics suggested that the lengthened IBS is more twisted than the wild type, emphasizing the importance of a flat surface for antifreeze activity.
Pathology and proactive maintenance of floor finishes
Authors: Ventura Madalena , S. Dias Ilídio , Flores-Colen Inês , Silva Ana 
Published: September 2022

PurposeThis research proposes the study of the pathology in floor finishes, focussing on proactive maintenance strategies to promote the durability of these elements. A model to assess the floorings' performance levels was designed to support decision-making regarding maintenance activities to be carried out, in order to prevent the defects and extend the floors' service life.Design/methodology/approachThe model to measure the floorings' level of performance was developed based on the literature and applied in fieldwork, focussed on visual inspections of floor finishes. Photographs were taken and standardized inspection forms were used to collect the data about the defects in the floors.FindingsThis study provides a simple classification model to assess floorings' performance levels, capable to define priorities and help decision-makers in adopting maintenance activities. The model was validated through a case study, which showed that occasionally the choice of the floor finishes is incorrectly made only based on aesthetic criteria and not taking into account the main criteria, i.e. the use of space.Originality/valueThis work contributes to a development of methodologies to assess floorings' performance levels, to study the behavior of different floor finishes, to propose maintenance strategies to improve their performance in service and adopt better solutions in the buildings' design phase.