bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trade‐offs associated with occupancy models in a multispecies grassland plant population study
Authors: Middleton Elizabeth L. , Vining Ivan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOccupancy models have been underused in multispecies plant studies. We evaluated the effectiveness of occupancy models to document impacts of management on grassland plant species populations in a pilot study. The study was designed to answer three questions: (1) From a list of 44 plant species, how many will have sufficient frequency to be analyzed? (2) Within a single site, which factor (sampling year or unit) influences occupancy and detection of each plant species? (3) How does the number of plots and visits affect the number of species with sufficient frequency for analysis? In 2012 and 2013, occupancy and detection probabilities of 44 plant species were assessed using permanently marked plots on two different grassland sites. Within each site, a fire and grazing managed unit and a burn‐only control unit were used to test the efficacy of occupancy modeling for multiple plant species and study design. Four of the 44 species had sufficiently high known presence (π) on both sites and years to be analyzed. There was little evidence to support that occupancy was different between years, despite very different weather patterns. There was support that occupancy was different in the burned and grazed unit compared with the control for Rhus copallinum L. Detection was highest (≥0.8) for R. copallinum, while the other species analyzed varied. In 2012, eight species had sufficient π for analysis. In 2013, 12 species had sufficient π for analysis. Occupancy models can be useful for investigating multiple plant species; however, a priori investigation of species' distribution is necessary to ensure species can be analyzed. Detection of plants was never 1, and therefore, detection should continue to be incorporated in plant population models, regardless of modeling technique.
Modern practices in electrophoretic deposition to manufacture energy storage electrodes
Authors: Chakrabarti Barun Kumar , Gençten Metin , Bree Gerard , Dao Anh Ha , Mandler Daniel , Low Chee Tong John 
Published: May 2022

SummaryThe applications of electrophoretic deposition (EPD) to the development of electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices such as batteries and supercapacitors are reviewed. A discussion on the selection of parameters for optimizing EPD electrode performance, such as light‐directed EPD, co‐deposition of active materials such as metal oxides and materials manufactured with high porosity and fibrous properties is highlighted. Additionally, means for overcoming obstacles in the improvement of the mechanical properties, conductivity and surface area of EES materials are discussed. The exceptional benefits of EPD such as low cost, small processing time, simple apparatus requirements, homogeneous coatings, binder‐free deposits and selective modification associated with thickness and mass loadings leading to effective EES electrode materials are highlighted. Finally, EPD processes have evolved as modern manufacturing tools to produce technologically improved solid electrolytes and separators for lithium‐ion and/or sodium‐ion batteries, and further research and development programmes are encouraged towards industrialisation.
Modified search and rescue optimization algorithm for identifying the optimal parameters of high efficiency triple‐junction solar cell/module
Authors: Houssein Essam H. , Nassef Ahmed M. , Fathy Ahmed , Mahdy Mohamed A. , Rezk Hegazy 
Published: May 2022

SummaryThe Search and Rescue optimization algorithm (SAR) is a recent metaheuristic inspired by the explorations behavior of humans during search and rescue operations. Similar to many of the metaheuristic algorithms (MAs), SAR may suffer from drawbacks, such as being trapped in minimum local regions and improper balance between exploitation and exploration phases. To overcome these weaknesses, this study proposes an alternative algorithm of Search And Rescue optimization algorithm (SAR) called (mSAR) to improve its diversity and provide a soft balance between the exploration and exploitation stages of the original SAR algorithm. The mSAR introduces an adaptive strategy to boost the algorithm performance. To assess its reliability, the proposed approach is validated through IEEE CEC'2020 test suite against six state‐of‐the‐art algorithms namely the Adaptive guided differential evolution algorithm (AGDE), Evolution strategy with covariance matrix adaptation (CMA‐ES), the Whale optimization algorithm (WOA), Harris hawks optimization (HHO), Archimedes optimization algorithm (AOA), Cuckoo search algorithm (CS) besides the original SAR algorithm. A robust strategy based on a mSAR to create an equivalent circuit for a high‐efficiency triple‐junction solar cell/module (TJS/M) has been proposed. The suggested strategy is used to determine the best parameters of the TJS/M model based on the measurement datasets. During the optimization process, the aim is to minimize the integral time absolute error (ITAE) between the measured and estimated currents. The suggested mSAR is compared with other optimizers considering statistical tests of Wilcoxon sign rank, Friedman, and ANOVA. For the case of TJSC based PV module, the best (minimum) objective function is achieved at a value of 0.00178 by the proposed mSAR, whereas the worst value at 0.02476 is obtained by the CS. Furthermore, for the single TJSC, the minimum objective function is achieved at value of 0.04277 by the proposed mSAR whereas the worst value at 0.19987 is obtained by the CS. The best average cost value at 0.00663 is achieved by the proposed mSAR, whereas the worst value at 0.0402 is obtained by the HHO. The best SD value at 0.0061 is achieved by the proposed mSAR, whereas the worst value at 0.03845 is obtained by the AOA. The obtained results proved the superiority of the proposed mSAR in determining the best parameters of the TJS model.
Hepatocellular cystathionine γ lyase/hydrogen sulfide attenuates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by activating farnesoid X receptor
Authors: Xu Wenjing , Cui Changting , Cui Chunmei , Chen Zhenzhen , Zhang Haizeng , Cui Qinghua , Xu Guoheng , Fan Jianglin , Han Yu , Tang Liangjie , Targher Giovanni , Byrne Christopher D. , Zheng Ming‐Hua , Yang Liming , Cai Jun , Geng Bin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays a protective role in NAFLD. However, whether cystathionine γ lyase (CSE), a dominant H2S generating enzyme in hepatocytes, has a role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD is currently unclear.

Approach and Results
We showed that CSE protein expression is dramatically downregulated, especially in fibrotic areas, in livers from patients with NAFLD. In high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced NAFLD mice or an oleic acid‐induced hepatocyte model, the CSE/H2S pathway is also downregulated. To illustrate a regulatory role for CSE in NAFLD, we generated a hepatocyte‐specific CSE knockout mouse (CSE
LKO). Feeding an HFD to CSE
LKO mice, they showed more hepatic lipid deposition with increased activity of the fatty acid de novo synthesis pathway, increased hepatic insulin resistance, and higher hepatic gluconeogenic ability compared to CSE
Loxp control mice. By contrast, H2S donor treatment attenuated these phenotypes. Furthermore, the protection conferred by H2S was blocked by farnesoid X receptor (FXR) knockdown. Consistently, serum deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid (FXR antagonists) were increased, and tauro‐β‐muricholic acid (FXR activation elevated) was reduced in CSELKO. CSE/H2S promoted a post‐translation modification (sulfhydration) of FXR at Cys138/141 sites, thereby enhancing its activity to modulate expression of target genes related to lipid and glucose metabolism, inflammation, and fibrosis. Sulfhydration proteomics in patients' livers supported the CSE/H2S modulation noted in the CSE
LKO mice.

Conclusions
FXR sulfhydration is a post‐translational modification affected by hepatic endogenous CSE/H2S that may promote FXR activity and attenuate NAFLD. Hepatic CSE deficiency promotes development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The interaction between H2S and FXR may be amenable to therapeutic drug treatment in NAFLD.
Recent technological advances in the management of chronic wounds: A literature review
Authors: Ongarora Benson G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundWound treatment comprises a substantial portion of the healthcare budgets in developed countries. Studies suggest that about 50% of patients admitted to hospitals have wounds, while 1%−2% of the general population in the developed world suffers from chronic wounds. Chronic wounds fail to repair themselves within the expected period of 30 days. Technologies have been developed to address challenges encountered during wound care with the aim of alleviating pain, promoting healing, or controlling wound infections.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to explore the technological improvements that have been made in this field over time.MethodsTo gain insight into the future of wound management, a systematic review of literature on the subject was conducted in scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, and Clinical Trials).Results and DiscussionResults indicate that wound dressings have evolved from the traditional cotton gauze to composite materials embedded with appropriate ingredients such as metal‐based nanoparticles. Studies on biodegradable dressing materials are also underway to explore their applicability in dressing large and irregular wounds. On the other hand, conventional drugs and traditional formulations for the management of pain, inflammation, infections, and accelerating healing have been developed. However, more research needs to be carried out to address the issue of microbial resistance to drugs. Drugs for managing other ailments also need to be designed in such a way that they can augment wound healing. In addition, it has been demonstrated that a coordinated integration of conventional and traditional medicine can produce laudable results in chronic wound management.ConclusionAccordingly, collaborative efforts and ingenuity of all players in the field can accelerate technological advances in the wound care market to the benefit of the patients.
Cdk2 suppresses IL‐23 expression and the onset of severe acute pancreatitis
Authors: Ma Yanpeng , Liu Longlong , Li Bin , Wang Wenyao , Zhao Tingting 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcute pancreatitis is a sudden inflammation of the pancreas. Although interleukin‐23 (IL‐23) is associated with the severity of acute pancreatitis, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Herein, its regulatory mechanisms were explored in this study.MethodsRNA‐sequencing analysis selected the differently expressed genes in cerulean‐induced acute pancreatitis mice. Polymerase chain reaction analysis determined IL‐23 expression in cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2) short hairpin RNA (shRNA)‐pretreated or DDB1–cullin‐4‐associated factor‐2 (DCAF2)‐overexpressed RAW264.7 cells or CDKs inhibitor AT7519/cullin ring‐finger ubiquitin ligase inhibitor MLN4924‐treated bone marrow‐derived macrophages in the presence of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Pancreatic damages were evaluated in AT7519‐treated pancreatitis mice.ResultsPancreatitis mice displayed an increased expression on IL‐23 and a decreased expression of Cdk2. Inhibiting Cdk2 by shRNA or AT7519 significantly induced IL‐23 expression in LPS‐treated RAW cells. Moreover, AT7519 treatment significantly aggravated the severity of acute pancreatitis in mice. Furthermore, AT7519 remarkably increased DCAF2 expression, which was also induced by MLN4924 no matter with or without AT7519 in vitro. On the contrary, overexpressing DCAF2 blocked the stimulatory effect of AT7519 on IL‐23 expression.ConclusionCdk2 negatively regulates IL‐23 expression by inhibiting DCAF2 in acute pancreatitis, indicating that Cdk2 might serve as a promising therapeutic target for acute pancreatitis.
The heparan sulphate proteoglycan Syndecan‐1 (CD138) regulates tumour progression in a 3D model of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast
Authors: D'Arcy Christopher , Zimmermann Clarissa Constanze , Espinoza‐Sanchez Nancy Adriana , Greve Burkhard , Schmidt Annika , Kiesel Ludwig , von Wahlde Marie‐Kristin , Götte Martin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDuctal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a form of breast cancer that is restricted to the lactiferous ducts and has not yet invaded the surrounding breast tissue. Dysregulation of the transmembrane heparan sulphate proteoglycan Syndecan‐1 (Sdc‐1) plays a role in tumour progression of invasive breast cancer (IBC). In DCIS, Sdc‐1, c‐Met and E‐cadherin are part of a proangiogenic expression signature. In this study, we employed a siRNA knockdown approach in the DCIS model cell line MCF10A DCIS.com to investigate a potential connection between Sdc‐1 and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), proteolysis and the Rho kinase pathway. Analysis of gene expression data of the TNMplot.com database revealed that Sdc‐1 expression was higher in primary breast tumours compared to metastases. The impact of Sdc‐1‐depletion on the cellular phenotype was investigated in a Matrigel‐based three‐dimensional cell culture model. Sdc‐1 depletion resulted in the formation of larger spheroids and the formation of invasive protrusions. Application of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and Rho kinase inhibitors could block the Sdc‐1‐induced phenotype. qPCR analysis of Sdc‐1‐depleted cells in two‐dimensional culture revealed upregulated expression of the EMT‐markers CDH1, FN‐1, CLDN1, the proteolysis markers MMP3, and MMP9, and HPSE, while MMP2, VIM and ROCK‐2 were downregulated. Immunocytochemistry confirmed upregulation of MMP9 and fibronectin, the latter being particular prominent after ROCK inhibition. STRING analysis confirmed an interaction of the investigated gene products at the protein level. Our results suggest that diminished Sdc‐1 expression plays a role in DCIS progression to IBC through deregulation of proteolytic factors and a partial EMT.
Comparison of engineered cartilage based on BMSCs and chondrocytes seeded on PVA‐PPU scaffold in a sheep model
Authors: Taghizadehjahed Masoud , Sepahdar Asma , Rabiee Navid , Nazbar Abolfazl , Farzad‐Mohajeri Saeed , Dehghan Mohammad Mehdi , Shokrgozar Mohammad Ali , Majidi Mohammad , Mardjanmehr Seyed Hossein , Aminianfar Hossein , Akbari Javar Hamid , Bonakdar Shahin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this study, polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel chains were crosslinked by polyurethane in order to synthesize a suitable substrate for cartilage lesions. The substrate was fully characterized, and in vitro and in vivo investigations were conducted based on a sheep model. In vitro tests were performed based on the chondrocyte cells with the Alcian Blue and safranin O staining in order to prove the presence of proteoglycan on the surface of the synthesized substrate, which has been secreted by cultures of chondrocytes. Furthermore, the expression of collagen type I, collagen type II, aggrecan, and Sox9 was presented in the chondrocyte cultures on the synthesized substrate through RT‐PCR. In addition, the H&E analysis and other related tests demonstrated the formation of neocartilage tissue in a sheep model. The results were found to be promising for cartilage tissue engineering and verified that the isolated chondrocyte cultures on the synthesized substrate retain their original composition.
A novel four‐gene signature predicts immunotherapy response of patients with different cancers
Authors: Liu Yuanli , Ni Mingyue , Li Lamei , Wang Junyan , Tu Zhenzhen , Zhou Haisheng , Zhang Siping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundImmune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has demonstrated favorable clinical efficacy, particularly for advanced or difficult‐to‐treat cancer types. However, this therapy is ineffective for many patients displaying lack of immune response or resistance to ICB. This study aimed to establish a novel four‐gene signature (CD8A, CD8B, TCF7, and LEF1) to provide a prognostic immunotherapy biomarker for different cancers.MethodsTranscriptome profiles and clinical data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to establish a four‐gene signature. The R package estimate was used to obtain the immune score for every patient.ResultsRisk scores of the novel four‐gene signature could effectively divided all patients into high‐ and low‐risk groups, with distinct outcomes. The immune score calculated via the estimate package demonstrated that the four‐gene signature was significantly associated with the immune infiltration level. Furthermore, the four‐gene signature could predict the response to atezolizumab immunotherapy in patients with metastatic urothelial cancer.ConclusionsThe novel four‐gene signature developed in this study is a good prognostic biomarker, as it could identify many kinds of patients with cancer who are likely to respond to and benefit from immunotherapy.
Gender-dependent frequency of unconventional T cells in a healthy adult Caucasian population: A combinational study of invariant NKT cells, γδ T cells, and mucosa-associated invariant T cells
Authors: Singh Parvind , Szaraz-Szeles Marianna , Mezei Zoltan , Barath Sandor , Hevessy Zsuzsanna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study tested the hypothesis of gender bias in frequency of unconventional T cells. Unconventional T cells exist as minor subsets of T cells in peripheral blood. Despite their low number, they play a crucial role in various immune-mediated diseases such as inflammation, autoimmunity, allergy, and cancer. Gender-based frequency of these cells altogether on large number of healthy individuals are unestablished creating hurdles to manifest association with various immune-mediated pathologic conditions. In this study, we used a multicolor flow cytometric panel to identify iNKT cells, γδ T cells, and MAIT cells altogether in the peripheral blood samples of 93 healthy adult males and 109 healthy adult females from the Caucasian population. The results revealed iNKT cell median value (% T cells) in females was higher: 0.114% ranging from 0.011 to 3.84%, than males: 0.076% (p value 0.0292), ranging from 0.007 to 0.816% and found to be negatively correlated with age in females (p value 0.0047). However, γδ T cell median value in males was higher: 2.52% ranging from 0.31 to 16.09%, than females: 1.79% (p value 0.0155), ranging from 0.078 to 12.49% and each gender was negatively correlated with age (male p value 0.0003 and female p value 0.0007). MAIT cell median values were 3.04% ranging from 0.11 to 10.75% in males and 2.67% ranging from 0.2 to 18.36% in females. MAIT cells did not show any statistically significant difference between genders and found to be negatively correlated with age (p value &lt; 0.0001). Our results could be used for further gender-wise investigations of various pathologic conditions such as cancer and their prognosis, autoimmune diseases, allergies, and their pathogenicity.
A Deep Learning Model Based on MRI and Clinical Factors Facilitates Noninvasive Evaluation of KRAS Mutation in Rectal Cancer
Authors: Liu Huanhuan , Yin Hongkun , Li Jinning , Dong Xue , Zheng Hui , Zhang Tingting , Yin Qiufeng , Zhang Zhongyang , Lu Minda , Zhang Huiling , Wang Dengbin 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundRecent studies showed the potential of MRI‐based deep learning (DL) for assessing treatment response in rectal cancer, but the role of MRI‐based DL in evaluating Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue (KRAS) mutation remains unclear.PurposeTo develop a DL method based on T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI) and clinical factors for noninvasively evaluating KRAS mutation in rectal cancer.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsA total of 376 patients (108 women [28.7%]) with histopathology‐confirmed rectal adenocarcinoma and KRAS mutation status.Field Strength/SequenceA 3 T, turbo spin echo T2WI and single‐shot echo‐planar diffusion‐weighted imaging (b = 0, 1000 sec/mm2).AssessmentA clinical model was constructed with clinical factors (age, gender, carcinoembryonic antigen level, and carbohydrate antigen 199 level) and MRI features (tumor length, tumor location, tumor stage, lymph node stage, and extramural vascular invasion), and two DL models based on modified MobileNetV2 architecture were evaluated for diagnosing KRAS mutation based on T2WI alone (image model) or both T2WI and clinical factors (combined model). The clinical usefulness of these models was evaluated through calibration analysis and decision curve analysis (DCA).Statistical TestsMann–Whitney U test, Chi‐squared test, Fisher's exact test, logistic regression analysis, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), Delong's test, Hosmer–Lemeshow test, interclass correlation coefficients, and Fleiss kappa coefficients (P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant).ResultsAll the nine clinical‐MRI characteristics were included for clinical model development. The clinical model, image model, and combined model in the testing cohort demonstrated good calibration and achieved areas under the curve (AUCs) of 0.668, 0.765, and 0.841, respectively. The combined model showed improved performance compared to the clinical model and image model in two cohorts. DCA confirmed the higher net benefit of the combined model than the other two models when the threshold probability is between 0.05 and 0.85.Data ConclusionThe proposed combined DL model incorporating T2WI and clinical factors may show good diagnostic performance. Thus, it could potentially serve as a supplementary approach for noninvasively evaluating KRAS mutation in rectal cancer.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 2
Exceptional Photon Blockade: Engineering Photon Blockade with Chiral Exceptional Points
Authors: Huang Ran , Özdemir Ş. K. , Liao Jie‐Qiao , Minganti Fabrizio , Kuang Le‐Man , Nori Franco , Jing Hui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNon‐hermitian spectral degeneracies, known as exceptional points (EPs), feature the simultaneous coalescence of both eigenvalues and the associated eigenstates of a system. A host of intriguing EP effects and their applications have been revealed in the classical realm, such as loss‐induced lasing, single‐mode laser, and EP‐enhanced sensing. Here, it is shown that a purely quantum effect, known as single‐photon blockade, emerges in a Kerr microring resonator due to EP‐induced asymmetric coupling between the optical modes and the nonlinearity‐induced anharmonic energy‐level spacing. A striking feature of this photon blockade is that it emerges at two‐photon resonance which in Hermitian systems will only lead to photon‐induced tunneling but not to photon blockade. By tuning the system towards or away from an EP, one can control quantum correlations, implying the potential use of their system for frequency tunable single‐photon generation and an antibunching‐to‐bunching light switch. The work sheds new light on EP‐engineered purely quantum effects, providing unique opportunities for making and utilizing various single‐photon quantum EP devices.