bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Streptococcus suis（莢膜欠損株）により細菌性髄膜炎と椎体炎を来した1例(A case report of bacterial meningitis and vertebritis caused by Streptococcus suis (capsule–deficient))
Authors: (Mikinori Kannae) 金苗 幹典 , (Atsuo Nakamura) 中村 篤雄 , (Keita Tashiro) 田代 恵太 , (Nobuhisa Hirayu) 平湯 恒久 , (Masakazu Nabeta) 鍋田 雅和 , (Toshio Morita) 森田 敏夫 , (Osamu Takasu) 高須 修 
Published: April 2022

要旨Streptococcus suis（以下S. suis）は人獣共通感染症の原因菌で，ヒトに髄膜炎を来す。椎体炎，多発関節炎を併発したS. suisによる髄膜炎の1例を経験した。【症例】50歳台の男性。先行する嘔吐，下痢症状に加え，関節痛と頸部痛が出現して化膿性関節炎，頸部化膿性椎間板炎の診断となり当院へ転院となった。意識障害と項部硬直を認め，髄液検査で細菌性髄膜炎と診断した。人工呼吸器管理とし，抗菌薬療法を開始した。第3病日に椎間板炎，椎体炎，咽後膿瘍に対して感染創掻爬と椎体前方固定術を施行した。血液および髄液からS. suisが同定された。第10病日に抜管し，第13病日に近隣医療機関へ転院となった。本症例のS. suisは，ヒト感染症で過去に報告がない莢膜欠損株であった。【考察】S. suisは，経口摂取や傷口から感染する。莢膜欠損株はブタでは低病原性とされるが，本症例では重症化しており，莢膜以外の病原性を決める因子の存在が示唆される。本邦の報告例は，生ブタ肉との接触が約8割，死亡率は15.4%であった。【結語】髄膜炎に椎体炎を合併した症例では，稀ではあるがS. suis感染症を疑い，病歴聴取することが，起因菌想定や抗菌薬適正使用，今後の患者教育において重要である。
正中弓状靱帯症候群に起因する膵十二指腸動脈瘤破裂を来した5例の臨床的検討(Ruptured aneurysm of the pancreaticoduodenal artery caused by median arcuate ligament syndrome: five case reports)
Authors: (Satoru Ikeda) 池田　 覚 , (Chika Kunishige) 國重　 千佳 , (Masayoshi Ono) 小野　 真義 , (Noriyuki Hata) 畑　 憲幸 , (Shigeru Sano) 佐野　 秀 , (Kenta Izaki) 伊崎　 健太 , (Yoshiki Tohma) 当麻　 美樹 
Published: April 2022

要旨正中弓状靱帯症候群（median arcuate ligament syndrome: MALS）に起因する膵十二指腸動脈瘤破裂には経カテーテル的動脈塞栓術（transcatheter arterial embolization: TAE）による止血が第一選択とする報告が近年散見される。一方で，TAE後の臨床経過に関する報告は少ない。今回，5例のMALSに起因する膵十二指腸動脈瘤破裂症例を経験し，TAE後の臨床経過を後方視的に検討したので報告する。5例の年齢中央値は58歳（49–78歳），男性4例で，全例でTAEによる止血が行われた。4例は単発症例で1例では多発性に動脈瘤を認めた。TAE後に再出血が生じたのは2例あり，いずれもTAE後約1週間以内に新たな部位に動脈瘤が出現した。追跡期間の中央値は26か月（7～92か月）であるが，正中弓状靱帯切離術を施行された1例を含め，急性期以降は，全例無症状で経過している。MALSに起因する膵十二指腸動脈瘤破裂に対しTAEによる止血を施行した場合は，約1週間以内の早期に新たな動脈瘤形成の危険がある。またその時期を過ぎれば，MALSへの直達手術の有無に関わらず再発や新規の動脈瘤出現の可能性は低く，消化管虚血の症状がなければ保存的に観察できる可能性があると思われた。
本邦のER型救急病院における救急車搬入患者のショックインデックスの有用性(Shock index as a predictor of inpatient mortality and hospital admission at the emergency department in Japan)
Authors: (Hiroyuki Suzuki) 鈴木　 裕之 , (Yuji Okata) 大方　 雄司 , (Kanetomo Oda) 織田　 兼知 , (Kanae Kawahara) 川原　 加苗 , (Takeshi Nagata) 永田　 武士 , (Masayuki Fukunaga) 福永　 昌幸 , (Toshinori Nagata) 永田　 寿礼 
Published: April 2022

要旨【目的】ショックインデックス（shock index: SI）は救急患者の在院死亡の予測や入院予測に有用とされている。本邦においては救急車で来院した患者の在院死亡の予測や入院予測に来院時SIが有用であるか否かの報告はなく，これを検討した。【対象】2018年4月から2019年3月までに福岡徳洲会病院を救急車で受診した18歳以上の患者。主要評価項目を在院死亡，副次評価項目を入院の有無とした。心拍数または収縮期血圧に欠損が含まれる症例，明らかにバイタルサインの入力間違いと推察される症例は除外した。【結果】7,739名が解析対象となった。在院死亡は255名（3.3%），入院は2,679名（34.6%）であった。SI 1.1を超える患者は237名（3.1%）であった。SI 1.1を閾値としたときに在院死亡の陽性尤度比は6.88，入院の陽性尤度比は4.08であった。主病名が不整脈であった103名を除外したところ，SI 1.0以上の各閾値における入院の陽性尤度比はすべて5を超えていた。【結語】救急搬入患者の在院死亡の予測や入院予測において来院時SIが臨床的に有用であることが示唆された。SI>1.1は在院死亡の尤度上昇と関連しており，この閾値に該当する患者ではトリアージレベルを上げて対応することが望まれる。
自殺目的にオオミフクラギを摂取し，致死的経過をたどった1例(Fatal course from ingestion of Cerbera odollam for suicide: a case report)
Authors: (Chisaki Takahara) 高原 千咲 , (Taiki Moriyama) 森山 太揮 , (Yuki Kitada) 北田 友紀 , (Yuka Nakajima) 中島 有香 , (Hirotaka Sawano) 澤野 宏隆 
Published: April 2022

要旨症例は22歳の女性。インターネットで購入したオオミフクラギの種子を自殺目的に摂取した。摂取から約12時間30分後，嘔吐・ふらつきを主訴に救急搬送された。来院時，興奮状態で嘔吐を繰り返しており，心拍数は54/分と徐脈で，心電図はMobitz II型房室ブロックであった。血清カリウム値は5.8mEq/Lと高カリウム血症を認めた。鎮静下に経口気管挿管・人工呼吸管理とし，高カリウム血症に対してグルコン酸カルシウムの静脈内投与とグルコース・インスリン療法を開始した。初療室で心室細動となったため，電気ショックを含めた心肺蘇生術を開始し，ECPR目的にVA–ECMOを導入した。ECPR施行後に心静止となったため，経静脈ペーシングも導入した。ICUに入室後は血液浄化療法でカリウムの補正に努めた。しかしながら，安定した自己心拍の再開は得られず，多臓器不全のため来院18時間後に死亡確認となった。オオミフクラギの種子は南アジアや東南アジアでは他殺や自殺目的に使用される自然毒として一般的である。その主たる毒性成分であるケルベリンは致死的な不整脈や高カリウム血症を惹起する高い心毒性を有することが知られている。そのうえ特異的な拮抗薬はなく，治療法も確立していない。我が国では報告例も少なく，非常に重篤な経過をたどる可能性が高いため，ケルベリン中毒を認知しておくべきと考える。
突発性記憶障害症例における発症24時間以後の3T DW–MRI所見(3 tesla diffusion–weighted MRI findings taken after 24 hours from sudden onset memory disturbance patients)
Authors: (Satoru Murata) 邑田　 悟 , (Naoto Jingami) 陣上　 直人 , (Ken Shinozuka) 篠塚　 健 , (Kosai Cho) 趙　 晃済 , (Tomoyuki Yunoki) 柚木　 知之 , (Norio Sato) 佐藤　 格夫 , (Shigeru Ohtsuru) 大鶴　 繁 
Published: April 2022

要旨　一過性全健忘（TGA）は突然記憶障害を呈し，24時間以内に改善することを特徴とする疾患である。臨床診断にはHodgesの診断基準が用いられ，拡散強調MRI（DW–MRI）での海馬の点状高信号域（pHIA）により確定診断を得る。上記診断基準を満たす3症例を診療し経時的に3T MRIを撮影し病態診断に到ったので報告する。症例1は60歳代男性，記憶障害で知人と受診し，発症2時間後の1.5T MRIで異常所見なく，65時間後の3T MRIで右海馬にpHIAを認めTGAと診断した。症例2は60歳代男性，近時記憶障害で妻と受診し，発症3時間後の1.5T MRIで異常所見なく，28時間後の3T MRIで右海馬にpHIAを認めTGAと診断した。症例3は60歳代女性，前日の健忘症状を訴え夫と受診。来院時に記銘力障害はなかったが，前日の記憶が戻らなかった。発症22時間後の1.5T MRI，43時間後の3T MRIでpHIAを認めなかったが，右海馬硬化像を認め脳波では右前側頭部に局所性徐波を認め同部位の機能異常が示唆された。TGAを疑う際，症状改善後であっても発症24時間後以降の3T MRI撮影はTGAの確定診断に有用である。pHIAを認めない場合も，他疾患を念頭に置きさらなる精査の必要性を認識できる。TGAは救急外来で遭遇する脳神経救急疾患であり，経時的画像評価を含めた救急医の急性期対応が重要となる。
分娩の取り扱いがなくなった地域中核病院で経験した未受診妊婦の飛び込み分娩への対応(Case report of a pregnant woman without prenatal care presenting in labor to a tertiary hospital that does not handle deliveries)
Authors: (Yuji Ida) 井田 侑志 , (Atsushi Tanikawa) 谷河 篤 , (Yoshitaka Kimura) 木村 芳孝 , (Junichi Saito) 齋藤 淳一 , (Katsuko Shimada) 島田 勝子 , (Ryosuke Nomura) 野村 亮介 
Published: April 2022

要旨　妊娠中に妊婦健診を受診しないまま経過し出産時のみに医療機関を受診する飛び込み分娩は，ハイリスクな分娩である。当院では約1回/年の頻度で飛び込み分娩症例を経験していた。当院は2020年10月より分娩の取り扱いが中止となったが，今後も飛び込み分娩症例を経験する可能性があるため，分娩の取り扱い中止を契機にマニュアルを作成していた。今回，分娩の取り扱いが中止となってから初めての飛び込み分娩症例を経験したのでその対応について報告する。症例は19歳女性，腹痛を主訴に救急外来を受診した。救急科医師が飛び込み分娩と判断し，マニュアルどおりに対応した。産婦人科医師の診察後にマニュアルに基づいて東北大学病院への転院搬送の方針となったが，その準備中に分娩が進行し，想定していない救急外来での分娩となった。本症例を多職種で検証し，マニュアルの再検討を行った。転院準備中に方針が変わることや転院での分娩に時間的猶予がない症例では分娩室への移動を考慮することに修正した。
小児の頭蓋骨単独線状骨折における画像診断検査の再評価と入院管理の必要性(Necessity of repeat imaging and hospitalization in children with isolated skull fractures)
Authors: (Keiichi Tomita) 富田 慶一 , (Shunsuke Amagasa) 天笠 俊介 , (Satoshi Tsuji) 辻 聡 , (Satoko Uematsu) 植松 悟子 , (Mitsuru Kubota) 窪田 満 , (Mikiko Miyasaka) 宮坂 実木子 , (Kenichi Usami) 宇佐美 憲一 
Published: April 2022

要旨【目的】小児の頭蓋骨単独線状骨折（isolated skull fractures: ISFs）では，受診後3日以内（以下，急性期）に，画像診断検査の再評価や入院管理は必須ではないと近年指摘されている。本邦では同様の報告はなく，国立成育医療研究センター（以下，当院）でのISFsの診療について検討した。【対象】2014年4月から2019年3月に当院の救急外来を受診した18歳以下の患者のうち，頭部CT検査でISFsを認めた81例を対象とし，急性期および受診後4日以降（以下，亜急性期）における，頭部CTまたはMRI検査による再評価所見，死亡や脳神経外科的介入といった重篤な転帰の頻度について後方視的に検討した。【結果】画像診断検査の再評価は，急性期には28例（34.6%）で，亜急性期には74例（91.4%）で施行された。急性期には，全例で新たな異常所見はなく，重篤な転帰もなかった。亜急性期には，7例（9.5%）で新たな異常所見（外水頭症，脳挫傷，硬膜下液体貯留，経時的な骨折線の明瞭化）を認め，外水頭症の1例で脳神経外科的介入を要した。【結語】小児のISFsでは，急性期の画像診断検査の再評価は必須ではなく，また，子ども虐待を含む社会的な問題のある場合を除いて，外来での経過観察も選択肢となる可能性がある。亜急性期には，稀ながら外水頭症といった合併症が起こりうることを念頭に置く必要がある。
The modeling techniques of the second‐order correlation function g(2)(τ) for a quantum emitter
Authors: Khaleel Farooq Abdulghafoor , Tawfeeq Shelan Khasro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe numerical techniques required to prove the single‐photon emission from any type of quantum emitter (QE) after being coupled to any nanostructure are presented in this paper. The Purcell effect modifies the emission characteristics of QEs, such as color centers in nanodiamonds, for example, nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) centers, silicon vacancy (SiV) centers, and so forth, or semiconductor quantum dots. Our numerical approach is based on the unique QEs' experimental photophysics parameters and numerical analysis software, which are MATLAB and Quantum Toolbox in Python (QuTiP). Our results show a comparable g(2) (τ) behavior between our proposed numerical model and the other two experimental results for the QE before and after coupling to a plasmonic waveguide with subwavelength dimensions. Our proposed method is essential to prove the single‐photon emission of modeled single‐photon source (SPS) in an on‐chip polarization‐dependent quantum key distribution system (QKD).
Opportunistic innovation in the age of digital services
Authors: Jeong Seongkyoon , Oke Adegoke , Choi Thomas Y. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study is about competitive dynamics surrounding opportunistic innovation in the digital supply chain (i.e., on‐line gaming, multi‐media broadcasting, etc.). When a digital service firm falls short of delivering required services, consumers look for alternative service offerings. For competing firms, potential demand is created suddenly, and they are compelled to innovate to capture this opportunity. This innovation response occurs in reaction to a service failure, and we call it opportunistic innovation. We characterize opportunistic innovation as being situational and temporal—the opportunity is created by the failure of another firm, and it is taken up by the fast‐responding firms. The goal of this study is to develop a theory of opportunistic innovation and empirically examine its presence and associated constructs. We have compiled the daily usage‐and‐update history of 460 online gaming services between 2014 and 2017 and their 58 major service failure events. Our results confirm the temporal and situational characteristics of opportunistic innovation. Firms with alternative services quickly introduce innovation to the market shortly after a service failure when the readiness for convertibility at competing firms is high. In addition, results suggest that opportunistic innovation is constrained by the resource congestion on the supplier side in the digital supply chain.
Finite element modeling with subject‐specific mechanical properties to assess knee osteoarthritis initiation and progression
Authors: Lampen Nathan , Su Haoyun , Chan Deva D. , Yan Pingkun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFinite element models of the knee can be used to identify regions at risk of mechanical failure in studies of osteoarthritis. Models of the knee often implement joint geometry obtained from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or gait kinematics from motion capture to increase model specificity for a given subject. However, differences exist in cartilage material properties regionally as well as between subjects. This paper presents a method to create subject‐specific finite element models of the knee that assigns cartilage material properties from T2 relaxometry. We compared our T2‐refined model to identical models with homogeneous material properties. When tested on three subjects from the Osteoarthritis Initiative data set, we found the T2‐refined models estimated higher principal stresses and shear strains in most cartilage regions and corresponded better to increases in KL grade in follow‐ups compared to their corresponding homogeneous material models. Measures of cumulative stress within regions of a T2‐refined model also correlated better with the region's cartilage morphology MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score as compared with the homogeneous model. We conclude that spatially heterogeneous T2‐refined material properties improve the subject‐specificity of finite element models compared to homogeneous material properties in osteoarthritis progression studies. Statement of Clinical Significance: T2‐refined material properties can improve subject‐specific finite element model assessments of cartilage degeneration.
Guidance for assessment of the muscle mass phenotypic criterion for the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition diagnosis of malnutrition
Authors: Compher Charlene , Cederholm Tommy , Correia Maria Isabel T. D. , Gonzalez Maria Cristina , Higashiguch Takashi , Shi Han Ping , Bischoff Stephan C. , Boirie Yves , Carrasco Fernando , Cruz‐Jentoft Alfonso , Fuchs‐Tarlovsky Vanessa , Fukushima Ryoji , Heymsfield Steven B. , Mourtzakis Marina , Muscaritoli Maurizio , Norman Kristina , Nyulasi Ibolya , Pisprasert Veeradej , Prado Carla M. , de van der Schuren Marian , Yoshida Sadao , Yu Jianchun , Jensen Gordon , Barazzoni Rocco 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) provides consensus criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition that can be widely applied. The GLIM approach is based on the assessment of three phenotypic (weight loss, low body mass index, and low skeletal muscle mass) and two etiologic (low food intake and presence of disease with systemic inflammation) criteria, with diagnosis confirmed by any combination of one phenotypic and one etiologic criterion fulfilled. Assessment of muscle mass is less commonly performed than other phenotypic malnutrition criteria, and its interpretation may be less straightforward, particularly in settings that lack access to skilled clinical nutrition practitioners and/or to body composition methodologies. In order to promote the widespread assessment of skeletal muscle mass as an integral part of the GLIM diagnosis of malnutrition, the GLIM consortium appointed a working group to provide consensus‐based guidance on assessment of skeletal muscle mass. When such methods and skills are available, quantitative assessment of muscle mass should be measured or estimated using dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry, computerized tomography, or bioelectrical impedance analysis. For settings where these resources are not available, then the use of anthropometric measures and physical examination are also endorsed. Validated ethnic‐ and sex‐specific cutoff values for each measurement and tool are recommended when available. Measurement of skeletal muscle function is not advised as surrogate measurement of muscle mass. However, once malnutrition is diagnosed, skeletal muscle function should be investigated as a relevant component of sarcopenia and for complete nutrition assessment of persons with malnutrition.
Temperature‐ and pressure‐dependent phonon dynamics properties of gallium selenide telluride
Authors: Oliveira Victor V. , Leite Fábio F. , Silva Francisco W.N. , Oliveira Francisco W.C. , Araujo Francisco D.V. , Menezes Alan S. , Paraguassu W. , Souza Filho Antonio G. , Viana Bartolomeu C. , Alencar Rafael S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the thermodynamic properties of materials is a fundamental issue in physics, and its knowledge is crucial for targeting a specific material for possible applications. In this work, we report a temperature‐ and pressure‐dependent Raman study of bulk GaSe0.5Te0.5 alloy, besides their relevant thermodynamic parameters. Our results show a nonlinear redshift for the
and
vibrational modes as the temperature increases in the temperature range from 10 to 748 K. Such behavior is well described by considering both thermal expansion and phonon–phonon coupling contributions. By combining density functional theory (DFT) calculations and Raman spectroscopy experiments, the anharmonic constants relative to the three‐ and four‐phonon decay processes, mode‐Grüneisen parameters, Debye temperature, thermal expansion coefficient, and bulk modulus were estimated for GaSe0.5Te0.5 alloy. Furthermore, the high‐pressure measurements and DFT calculations, performed in the pressure range from 0 to 26.4 GPa, show a quadratic trend for the
and
modes as a function of pressure, with the
modes being more compressible than
one, that is,
. No structural phase transition is observed until the maximum pressure reached in the experiment. This study took a step forward in the understanding of mechanical and thermal properties related to GaSe0.5Te0.5 alloy, whose determined parameters are important for designing new applications.
Incorporating historical control information in ANCOVA models using the meta‐analytic‐predictive approach
Authors: Qi Hongchao , Rizopoulos Dimitris , van Rosmalen Joost 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe meta‐analytic‐predictive (MAP) approach is a Bayesian meta‐analytic method to synthesize and incorporate information from historical controls in the analysis of a new trial. Classically, only a single parameter, typically the intercept or rate, is assumed to vary across studies, which may not be realistic in more complex models. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) is often used to analyze trials with a pretest–posttest design, where both the intercept and the baseline effect (coefficient of the outcome at baseline) affect the estimated treatment effect. We extended the MAP approach to ANCOVA, to allow for variation in the intercept and the baseline effect across studies, and possibly also correlation between these parameters. The method was illustrated using data from the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study (ADCS) and assessed with a simulation study. In the ADCS data, the proposed multivariate MAP approach yielded a prior effective sample size of 79 and 58 for the intercept and the baseline effect respectively and reduced the posterior standard deviation of the treatment effect by 12.6%. The result was robust to the choice of prior for the between‐study variation. In the simulations, the proposed approach yielded power gains with a good control of the type I error rate. Ignoring the between‐study correlation of the parameters or assuming no variation in the baseline effect generally led to less power gain. In conclusion, the MAP approach can be extended to a multivariate version for ANCOVA, which may improve the estimation of the treatment effect.
Leucine protects bovine intestinal epithelial cells from hydrogen peroxide‐induced apoptosis by alleviating oxidative damage
Authors: Mao Huiling , Zhang Yanfang , Ji Wenwen , Yun Yan , Wei Xiaoshi , Cui Yanjun , Wang Chong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe present study aimed to investigate whether leucine (Leu) alleviates oxidative injury in bovine intestinal epithelial cells (BIECs) induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms.RESULTSBIECs were treated with H2O2 (1 mmol L−1) and/or Leu (0, 0.9, 1.8 or 3.6 mmol L−1) for 2 h. Leu increased cell viability (P < 0.05) and decreased the release of lactate dehydrogenase (P < 0.05) in BIECs challenged by H2O2. Then, the cells were treated with H2O2 (1 mmol L−1) and/or Leu (1.8 mmol L−1) for 2 h. Compared with the H2O2 group, cells treated with Leu and Leu + H2O2 exhibited increased (P < 0.05) mRNA and protein expression of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), heme oxygenase 1 (HO‐1) and nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2). BIECs treatment with Leu significantly reduced (P < 0.05) apoptosis induced by H2O2. BIECs were transfected with Nrf2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) for 48 h and/or treated with H2O2 (1 mmol L−1) and/or Leu (1.8 mmol L−1) for another 2 h. Transfection with Nrf2 siRNA abrogated the protective effect of Leu against H2O2‐induced apoptosis and the mRNA and protein expression of SOD2 (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that Leu promotes the relative expression of antioxidant enzymes (SOD2, CAT and GPx1) and phase II detoxification enzymes (HO‐1) by upregulating nuclear Nrf2 and activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway, thus enhancing the antioxidant capacity of cells. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of six Fucoids from the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: De La Fuente Gina , Pinteus Susete , Silva Joana , Alves Celso , Pedrosa Rui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUDIn recent years, research on the bioactive properties of macroalgae has increased, due to the great interest in exploring new products that can contribute to improve human health and wellbeing. In the present study, the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of six different brown algae of the Fucales order were evaluated, namely Ericaria selaginoides, Ericaria amentacea, Gongolaria baccata, Gongolaria usneoides, Cystoseira compressa and Sargassum vulgare (collected along the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts). The antioxidant capacity was measured by the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, the oxygen radical absorbent capacity (ORAC) and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and were related to the total phenolic content (TPC). The antimicrobial activity was evaluated measuring the growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans.RESULTSThe highest antioxidant capacity was obtained for Ericaria selaginoides revealing the highest capacity to scavenge DPPH radical [half maximal effective concentration (EC50) = 27.02 μg mL−1], highest FRAP (1761.19 μmol FeSO4 equivalents g−1 extract), high ORAC (138.92 μmol TE g−1 extract), alongside to its high TPC (121.5 GAE g−1 extract). This species also reported the highest antimicrobial capacity against Staphylococcus aureus [half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 268 μg mL−1].CONCLUSIONSAmong all studied seaweed, Ericaria selaginoides reveals the highest antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, and thus should be explored as a natural food additive and/or functional ingredient. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Microsecond high‐contrast continuous 2.25π phase modulation based on non‐linear Kerr effect of vertically aligned deformed helix ferroelectric liquid crystal
Authors: Yuan Zheng‐Nan , Sun Zhi‐Bo , Yu Xin‐Yi , Cheng Ming , Cheng Yue‐chu , Li An‐ran , Vashchenko Valerii , Kwok Hoi‐Sing , Srivastava Abhishek K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHere we disclose a fast (ON time ∼50 μs and OFF time ∼25 μs at 55
), high‐contrast, continuous phase modulator without fringe field effect (FFE). The phase modulator uses the Kerr effect of vertically aligned deformed helix ferroelectric liquid crystals (VADHFLCs). Specifically, FFE is a long‐term problem for nematic liquid crystals (NLCs). In this article, we are disclosing, for the first‐time found, that no FFE exists for VADHFLCs, even for phase modulator with 1‐μm pixel pitch. It is an attractive feature for ultra‐high‐resolution display and photonic applications. Moreover, the Kerr constant is 88
, and the contrast ratio is larger than 1000:1. It is a promising candidate for high‐PPI augmented reality (AR)/virtual reality (VR) displays, wavelength selective switch (WSS), hologram, adaptive optics, and LiDARs.
“Slow” and “fast” in blue carbon: Differential turnover of allochthonous and autochthonous organic matter in minerogenic salt marsh sediments
Authors: Komada Tomoko , Bravo Anthony , Brinkmann Mandy‐Tanita , Lu Kevin , Wong Lily , Shields Gavin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSalt marshes are recognized as blue carbon ecosystems for their ability to rapidly sequester organic carbon (OC) via sedimentation. For this reason, there is growing interest in managing these systems to help mitigate climate change. However, in order for sediment accretion to offset ongoing CO2 emissions, organic matter undergoing burial must be derived from contemporary primary production. To investigate the provenance of OC sequestered by salt marshes, we analyzed the concentration and isotope composition (δ13C and Δ14C) of sedimentary OC in two minerogenic marshes in San Francisco Bay, California, USA. Data from the low marsh dominated by Spartinaspp. show that autochthonous OC is entering the sediment matrix and may in part be stabilized through incorporation into the mineral‐bound pool. However, the sedimentary OC stock as a whole is dominated by material with low values of δ13C (~ −20 to −25‰) and Δ14C (~ 100 to −300‰) indicating a preponderance of allochthonous OC that was retained in other OC reservoirs for 102 to 103 years prior to deposition in the marsh. Diagenetic modeling of OC and its δ13C values further shows that autochthonous OC is lost from the sediment profile at a much faster rate than allochthonous OC. The rapid turnover of contemporary autochthonous OC (“fast carbon”) relative to the apparent stability of old allochthonous OC (“slow carbon”) suggest that carbon burial at these sites is largely decoupled from ongoing CO2 emissions.