bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychiatric manifestations in HIV infection
Authors: Jupe T. , Zenelaj B. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe HIV is a retrovirus, which is immunosuppressive, predisposing the individual to opportunistic infections and certain neoplasm. In addition to impairment in immune functions, evidence has suggested that HIV is neurotropic. It should therefore be anticipated that neuropsychiatric complication might be common in HIV positive individuals during all phases of HIV related illness. The neuropsychiatric aspect of the AIDS remains a challenge for psychiatrists involved in patients care.The relationship between HIV and psychiatric symptoms and conditions is complex and the direction of effects between severe mental illness and HIV infection is unclear. In general, people with severe mental illness are at increased risk of contracting and transmitting HIV, and the prevalence of HIV infection among them is higher than in the general population.ObjectivesTo determine how frequently psychiatric symptoms in an HIV positive adult population occur, as well as to determine social, demographic and clinical factors that are associated with the presence of these symptoms.MethodsLiterature review on PubmedResultsDepression has a high prevalence in HIV-positive individuals, ranging between 5.8 and 36.0%. Typical features of depression are similar to those in HIVnegative people, although fatigue, loss of appetite and weight, impaired concentration, hopelessness and guilt are more common.Depressed HIV-positive individuals are at high suicide risk.Apathy has also been more commonly reported among HIV patients than in the general population.The prevalence of anxiety among HIV-positive individuals ranges from 4.3 to 44.4%ConclusionsThe rate of psychiatric symptoms in HIV positive patients in this population is high. Most of them go unnoticed and therefore untreated.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Parkinson’s Disease and Bipolar Disorder: a case report and narrative review
Authors: Andreu Gracia H. , Ilzarbe L. , Marco Estrada O. , Bueno Sanya L. , De Juan Viladegut O. , Olivier Mayorga L. , Pintor L. , Valldeoriola F. , Grande I. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionBipolar disorder (BD) is considered a risk factor for developing Parkinson’s Disease (PD) because of an altered dopamine activity in both entities. Comorbidity may delay diagnosis and difficult therapeutic management.ObjectivesTo describe the case of a patient with both BD and PD and to determine the appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic approach for patients presenting both entities.MethodsWe present the case of a 58-year-old woman attended in our neurology unit due to the initial presence of visual hallucinations as a core symptom.Results
Psychotic symptoms as hallucinations and off-times, frequently observed in PD, may be misdiagnosed with a worsening of depressive polarity of BD. Thus, overlap between symptoms may lead to a challenging differential diagnosis. Moreover, there is no consensus about the therapeutic management of the comorbidity, due to the bidirectional worsening of symptoms when treatment is adjusted. In our case, a diagnosis of dopaminergic psychosis was made so antipsychotic treatment with quetiapine 50 mg/d was initiated. A worsening of symptoms was observed, presenting the patient a stuporous status, mutism and generalized rigidity. Neuroimaging and lumbar puncture were performed showing no alterations; electroencephalogram showed diffuse slowing. Final diagnosis was an off-episode of PD and a multifactorial encephalopathy resulting in visual hallucinations.ConclusionsCoexistence of PD and BD may lead to a diagnostic and therapeutic delay and therefore a worse prognosis. Although these diseases are well-known, it is still challenging to manage patients presenting both entities. Further research is needed to clarify the proper diagnostic and therapeutic approach for these patients.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Dissociative and Epileptic seizures: how to distinguish them?
Authors: Certo A. , Rodrigues J. , Nombora O. , Basto M. , Mendes E. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionDissociative seizures (DS) are classified as dissociative convulsions within the group of dissociative disorders. Although they share many features with epileptic seizures (ES), they are not a consequence of abnormal brain discharges and may be related to psychogenic causes. DS represent a common diagnostic and are often confounded with ES.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to review the current evidence about the differential diagnosis between DS and ES.MethodsWe conducted a non-sytematic review on the topic, using Pubmed/Medline database.ResultsStudies emphasize a correct diagnosis before treatment of seizures. DS and ES respond differently to anticonvulsant medication and early or incorrect prescription of can even exacerbate DS. Clinical features and a neuropsychiatric history can also help. The presence of a dissociative “stigmata”, such as unexplained sensory loss, may support a non-epileptic diagnosis. EEG videorecording method is the gold standard diagnosis for DS, however often displays rhythmic movement artifacts that may resemble seizure activity and confound the interpretation. The absence of ictal EEG discharges characteristic of epilepsy is a sign of DS. However, this may not be true for some partial ES, particularly those from temporal lobes, whom also tend to report shorter duration of seizures, whereas patients with DPD often describe experiences lasting for hours or longer.ConclusionsDistinguish DS from ES can be challenging. However, there are features that can help in the differential diagnosis. A correct diagnosis is essential for an adequate therapeutic approach, better prognosis, reduction of medical costs and also a referral to the right medical specialty.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Schizophrenia spectrum disorders following past exposure to ionizing radiation and SARS CoV-2 infection
Authors: Loganovsky K. , Loganovskaja T. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionWhether exist a potential association between schizophrenia spectrum disorders following past exposure to ionizing radiation and SARS CoV-2 infection is unknown.ObjectivesTo assess a possible role of double radiation-viral exposure in pre- and postnatal periods in schizophrenia spectrum disorders genesis.MethodsIntegration and analysis of information available with the results of own clinical and epidemiological studies.ResultsThe renaissance of interest to the viral hypothesis of schizophrenia is observing during the current COVID-19 pandemic. There is an increasing number of cases and case series reports on psychotic schizophreniform disorders following SARS CoV-2 infection diagnosed as COVID-19-asssociated brief psychotic disorder, first episode psychosis, acute and transient psychotic disorder. The prevalence rate of schizophrenia in A-bomb survivors in Nagasaki was very high – 6 % (Nakane and Ohta, 1986), and increased in those prenatally exposed to A-bombing (Imamura et al., 1995) and medical X-irradiation (Gross et al., 2018). We found a significant increase in the schizophrenia incidence in the Chornobyl exclusion zone personnel, as well as schizophreniform syndromes in Chornobyl clean-up workers (liquidators) irradiated by moderate to high doses (more than 0.30 Sv). The neural diathesis-stressor hypothesis of schizophrenia spectrum disorders was proposed (Loganovsky and Loganovskaja, 2000; Loganovsky et al., 2005). Recently we observed the clinical case of organic schizophrenia-like disorder in the liquidator who was ill with COVID-19.ConclusionsThe linkage between schizophrenia spectrum disorders following past exposure to ionizing radiation and SARS CoV-2 infection can exist that should be studied on the irradiated cohorts with following COVID-19.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Depressive disorders among Tunisian high school teachers in the face of COVID-19
Authors: Regaieg N. , Zouari L. , Mejdoub Y. , Feki R. , Gassara I. , Smaoui N. , Omri S. , Maalej M. , Ben Thabet J. , Charfi N. , Maalej M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe constraints linked to COVID-19 may reduce resilience and intensify depressive feelings especially in vulnerable populations such as teachers.ObjectivesTo understand the psychological distress in terms of depression of the COVID-19 pandemic among secondary school teachers in Sfax, Tunisia and to determine the correlated factors.MethodsThis was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study of 97 medium and high school teachers from Sfax, Tunisia. The study was conducted on google drive in May 2021, including an information sheet and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 to assess depression.ResultsIn our study, the sex-ratio (M/F) was 0.32 and the average age was 44.23 years old. The median professional seniority was 16 years (minimum=1, maximum=37). Suicidal thoughts were described by 10.4% of teachers while 54.2% reported the presence of sleep disturbances since the onset of the pandemic. The median PHQ-9 score was 8 (Q1=4, Q3=15). The distribution of scores indicated that 59.7% of participants had no to mild symptoms of depression while 40.3% had moderate to severe depression. Furthermore, the presence of depression was associated with an age ≤ 40 years old (p=0.037), a professional seniority ≤ 20 years (p=0.035), the female gender (p=0.005), the presence of sleep disturbances (p<0.001) as well as with suicidal thoughts (p=0.006).ConclusionsIt seems that COVID-19 health situation in education have led to the emergence of a teacher overexertion and a depth adaptation to the new environment demands. Thus, clinical attention to the depression level of the teachers is certainly warranted.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Sleep in COVID-19 recovery period and its impacts on Quality Of Life
Authors: El Sayed S. , Gomaa S. , Eissa A. , Shohry D. , Kabil A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), the COVID-19 infection became a worldwide devastating health issue starting in December 2019 in China and then gradually was a global pandemic. PTSD after recovery from COVID-19 has been correlated to sleep problems, high anxiety level and depressive manifestations. These sleep problems have their drastic effect on the recovered patients’ quality of life including physical, psychological and social domains.Objectives1-To investigate the sleep in the post Coronavirus -19 period 2-If has an impact on the different items of patients’ quality of life.Methods1-Socio-demographic characteristics of 500 recovered COVID-19 patients 2-Insomnia Severity index a brief scale evaluating the patient’s insomnia. The ISI evaluates the subjective complaints and results of insomnia as well as the level of dysfunctions from these sleep disturbances 3-Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI):The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a scale that study the subjective sleep quality and different domains of sleep over a period of 1-month 4-Quality Of Life (QOL) by the SF36 Health Survey is a 36-item -report survey that evaluate eight domains of physical and mental wellbeing ranging from 0 to 100.ResultsThe mean score of insomnia severity index was 13.01±4.9.Regarding Pittsburgh sleep quality index ,Sum of seven component scores was 15.37±4.43.Also QOL SF36 showed higher scores of the 8 domains including physical and mentalConclusionsHigh score of insomnia and sleep disturbances during the recovery period of COVID-19 infection which affecting the Quality Of LifeDisclosureNo significant relationships.
A cross sectional observational study on the effect of music on the anxiety state of patients admitted for COVID 19 in a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi
Authors: Jose N.A. , Prakash R. , Bansal P. , Khan M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionCOVID 19 has led to dramatic changes in the lives of people leading to an increase in stress and anxiety. Music intervention is a non-medicated method for relieving anxiety. This current study aims to understand whether music can be effectively used to alleviate anxiety in admitted COVID-19 patients.ObjectivesTo study the effect of music on anxiety in patients admitted for COVID-19 in a tertiary care hospital in New DelhiMethods34 patients (17 females &17 males) were randomly divided into two groups, a control (N=17) and a music group (N=17). Vitals of all the patients were noted. Patients of the music group were asked to listen to relaxing instrumental for 30 minutes, while patients of the control group were asked to relax for 30 minutes. Vitals of all the patients were noted again. Patients were asked to fill State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) before and after intervention.ResultsThe post-intervention mean scores of STAI after the music session were lower in the music group than the control group [95.06 (SD 8.5)) versus 102.37 (SD 10.3)]. The differences in mean values of pre- to post-intervention changes between both groups after music session were statistically significant.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that listening to music lowers anxiety. As music is non- invasive and free of side-effects we recommend that music intervention service should be used to improve health care quality.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19: the role of health locus of control and conspiracy theories
Authors: Pisl V. , Vevera J. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionUnderstanding the predictors of the willingness to get vaccinated against COVID-19 may aid in the resolution of current and future pandemics.Understanding the predictors of the willingness to get vaccinated against COVID-19 may aid in the resolution of current and future pandemics.ObjectivesWe aim to investigate how the readiness to believe conspiracy theories and the three dimensions of health locus of control affect the attitude towards vaccination.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted based on data from an online survey of a sample of Czech university students (n=866) collected in January 2021, using multivariate linear regression models and moderation analysis.ResultsSixty-six percent of Czech students wanted to get vaccinated against COVID-19. Forty percent of the variance of willingness to get vaccinated was explained by the belief in covid-related conspiracy theories and the powerful others dimension of health locus of control. One sixth of the variance of the willingness to get vaccinated was explained by health locus of control, cognitive reflection, and digital health literacy.ConclusionsHealth locus of control and conspiracy mentality and its predictors are valid predictors of a hesitancy to get vaccinated against COVID-19. Campaigns promoting vaccination should target groups specifically vulnerable to conspiracy theories and lacking health locus of control related to powerful others.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The relationship of dysfunctional breathing with the ideas about the COVID-19 pandemic among the healthy population of Russia
Authors: Koniukhovskaia J. , Pervichko E. , Mitina O. , Stepanova O. , Petrenko V. , Shishkova I. , Dorokhov E. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionDysfunctional breathing is experienced as a feeling of “difficulty in inhaling” and shortness of breat , which may be similar to the symptoms of coronavirus infection (Gavriatopoulou et al., 2020). The conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic create an increased level of anxiety and attention to respiratory sensations, which becomes a favorable ground for the occurrence of dysfunctional breathing.ObjectivesTo examine the relationship of ideas about the pandemic with the occurrence of dysfunctional breathing in the Russian population during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThe Naimigen Questionnaire (Van Dixhoorn, Duivenvoordent, 1985) and the author’s socio-demographic questionnaire were used, which included questions about personal experience of the pandemic. The study was conducted online from April 27 to December 28, 2020. It was attended by 1,362 people from all regions of Russia, including 1,153 women and 209 men aged 15 to 88 years (38.3±11.4).ResultsIt was found that respondents who are more confident in the danger of coronavirus have more respiratory difficulties (N=517;NQ=19±10.6) compared to those who consider its danger exaggerated (N=454,NQ=15.9±9.2,p=0.000). Respondents who are completely convinced of the absence of a condemnation for COVID-19 disease have less pronounced dysfunctional breathing (N=331,NQ=15.26±9.5), compared to those who sure about it (N=88,NQ=19.16±10.05, p=0.007). Respondents who have relatives ill COVID-19 (N=430) have a higher score on NQ (18.6±10.5), compared with those dont have (N=932, NQ=17.1±9.7, p =0.011).ConclusionsThe dysfunctional breathing is associated with the respondents’ beliefs about the danger of coronavirus and the expectation of stigmatization in COVID-19 disease, as well as with the experience of COVID-19 disease among relatives.DisclosureResearch is supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 21-18-00624.
Relationship between personality, adherence to (mental) health behaviours and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Pereira A.T. , Cabacos C. , Soares S. , Araújo A. , Manão A. , Amaral A.P. , Sousa R. , Macedo A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPublic health authorities around the world have been disseminating messages to support mental health and psychosocial well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the Portuguese guidelines, we have developed the Adherence Scale to the Recommendations for Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic (ASR-MH-COVID19) to better understand this health behaviour.ObjectivesTo analyse the relationship between sociodemographics, personality traits, Adherence (to the Recommendations for Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic) and psychological distress.Methods413 individuals (69.2% female; mean age=31.02±14,272) completed an on-line survey, in September-December 2020, including sociodemographic questions, ASR-MH-COVID19, NEO-FFI-20 and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) and Health Perception Scale.ResultsAdherence scores did not significantly differ by gender, age and years of education. Women presented higher DASS and Neuroticism scores (p<.01). Adherence were negatively correlated with Neuroticism (r=-.247) and with Depression/Anxiety/Stress (all r».-200), positively with Openness to Experience (r=.174), Conscientiousness (r=.194) and Perceived Health (Physical, r=.173 and Psychological, r=.215) (all p<.01). Mediation analysis (Hays’ Macro Process - Model 4) revealed that Adherence is a partial mediator between Openness and DASS and Conscientiousness and DASS; when considering Neuroticism, only the direct effect was significant. The effect of Perceived Health (both Physical and Psychological) on DASS was also mediated by Adherence.ConclusionsThe Health Behaviour Model proposes a pathway linking personality and health that applies to these results about adherence and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Personality and perceived health (also a trait) influence both adherence to mental health behaviours and psychological distress. Understanding personality is vital for health care providers.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The meaning in life and smart technology of older adults during the Covid-19 pandemic: A cross-cultural qualitative study
Authors: Von Humboldt S. , Mendoza-Ruvalcaba N.M. , Arias-Merino E.D. , Costa A. , Cabras E. , Low G. , Leal I. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe exponential increase of the older segment of the population (1) is coinciding with the growing challenges of a digital society in different socio-cultural contexts (2).ObjectivesThis exploratory study aims to analyze older adult perspectives of how smart technology influenced their meaning in life during the Covid-19 Public Health Emergency period, using qualitative research at a cross-national level.MethodsThree hundred and fifty one community-dwelling older participants aged 65-87 years were included in the study. Participants were Italian, Mexican, Portuguese and Spanish. All the narratives went through a process of content analysis.ResultsFindings of content analysis produced six themes: Meaningful relations, rewarding activities, spirituality, health and safety-related support, self-growth, and physical activity. Smart technology was important in promoting significant relations for Mexican older adults (71.3%), rewarding activities for Portuguese older adults (57.1%), spirituality for Spanish older participants (71.6%), and physical activity for Italian older adults (29.5%).ConclusionsThis study indicated that smart technology during the Health Emergency period was important for the meaning in life of older populations, mostly by facilitating meaningful relations, rewarding activities and spirituality. Future interventions with older adults during pandemic periods should consider the diversity of themes associated with increasing older adult well-being, from a cross-cultural perspective. 1. von Humboldt S & Leal I. The old and the oldest old: Do they have different perspectives on adjustment to aging?. Int J Gerontol; 9:156-160. 2. von Humboldt S et al. Does spirituality really matter? - A study on the potential of spirituality to older adult’s adjustment to aging. Jpn Psychol Res, 56;114-125.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Results of the Voice Study: Stress and working conditions in the health system in a long-term comparison between occupational groups
Authors: Platzek P.-S. , Jerg-Bretzke L. , Erim Y. , Geiser F. , Beschoner P. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionEpidemics such as the Covid 19 pandemic in 2020/2021 increase the psychological stress among health-care workers (HCW) (cf. Mulfinger et al. 2020, da Silva et al. 2020).ObjectivesThe aim of this work is to investigate whether the stresses and working conditions have changed in the course of the pandemic and whether there are differences between different occupational groups in the health sector.MethodsIn the first (T1) and second wave (T2) of the Covid 19 pandemic, the pandemic-specific working conditions and stresses were surveyed and analysed (descriptive, T-test, ANOVA) using 15 self-generated items on n=1036 HCWs and presented in a comparison of occupational groups.ResultsFour occupational groups (doctors, nurses, medical-technical assistants, psychologists) were analysed: the highest stress was shown by the occupational group of nurses stress mean difference (MD) 0.453, p 0.000/working condition MD 0.993, p 0.000), the lowest by psychologists (stress MD 0.242, p 0.000/working condition MD 0.466, p 0.000). With regard to stress and working conditions, there was a significant difference between the two measurement points (p 0.000). However, no significant difference between T1 and T2 was found within the occupational groups.ConclusionsIn summary, stress and the working conditions have changed over the long-term. This applies to all occupational groups; no significant difference can be detected within the groups. The results are in line with the infection pattern. The increase in stress and the deterioration of working conditions during the pandemic indicate that there is an urgent need for action to keep healthcare workers stable and healthy.DisclosureNo significant relationships.