bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
0240 Investigating the Potential for Actigraphy as a Complementary Clinical Tool for Evaluation of Sleep in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Rader Shelby , Cox Ava , Weeks Anna , Stratton Jeanine , Merchant Gulzar , Cozad Melanie , Fowler Lauren 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Poor sleep is a common complaint among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but few actively recognize the problem or discuss it with their rheumatologist during the clinical visit. Challenges to identification of sleep issues include a lack of standardized sleep measures used within clinical care and lack of confidence on the part of patients’ articulating how sleep is affected by RA. Clinical management is further complicated by insufficient evidence between sleep quality and disease symptomology. The objective of this study was to identify correlations between sleep measures assessed through self-report and actigraphy with disease activity for patients with RA.

Methods
In a prospective, cross-sectional study, a sample of 15 participants diagnosed with RA were recruited through convenience sampling. Consenting participants self-reported sleep quality and disease activity using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 (RAPID-3). Participants’ sleep quality was also measured using actigraphy which monitors wrist movement by wearing a watch. Daily actigraphy measures of sleep efficiency, latency, and fragmentation were averaged over 6 nights. Actigraphy measures were correlated to the PSQI and RAPID-3 through Spearman correlations.

Results
The sample was mostly Caucasian women with an average age of 55 years, generally reflective of the population with RA. The results demonstrated weak, nonsignificant correlations between self-reported measures of sleep and average sleep efficiency (0.12, p=0.66), latency (0.10, p=0.72), and fragmentation (-0.13, p=10). Additionally, weak, nonsignificant correlations existed between disease activity and average sleep efficiency (0.09, p=0.75), latency (0.35, p=0.19), and fragmentation (-0.12, p=65).

Conclusion
This study’s implications suggest actigraphy may provide complementary information to self-reported measures of sleep. Such information may support patients’ articulation of sleep issues to the rheumatologist. Further research is necessary to understand how actigraphy measures can be effectively summarized for use by the patient and rheumatologist to discuss sleep issues during the clinical encounter as well as their ability to support clinical diagnosis of sleep disorders.

Support (If Any)
Support: Prisma Health Upstate Seed Grant 2019-2020. University of South Carolina Magellan Scholar & Apprentice Programs funding Shelby Rader. Furman University Center for Engaged Learning for summer internship funding for Ava Cox.
0243 Relationships Between Pre-Pandemic Trauma and Stress with Sleep During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Young Adults
Authors: Jakubowski Karen , Wallace Meredith , Pedersen Sarah , Hasler Brant 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Young adults, particularly those with histories of interpersonal trauma or stress, are more likely to experience to adverse psychosocial outcomes (e.g., depression) during the COVID-19 pandemic, compared to those without these histories. However, few studies have examined sleep and most rely on retrospectively-reported pre-pandemic experiences. We tested whether pre-pandemic trauma and stress were prospectively related to worse ecological momentary assessment (EMA)-reported sleep during the pandemic.

Methods
The sample includes 114 regular drinkers aged 21-30 years from two ongoing studies of alcohol use and sleep who completed a shared assessment battery and a 10-17-day EMA protocol before and during the pandemic (conducted July-November 2020; M=13.9 months after baseline). Participants reported past-month perceived stress (10-item Perceived Stress Scale) and interpersonal traumas (e.g., abuse, conflict), via scores on the “Current Partner” and “Personal” (persons other than spouse/partner) subscales of the Difficult Life Circumstances Scale. The EMA protocol measured daily sleep (total sleep time [TST]; sleep efficiency [SE]), relational stress (1-5 ratings for family, spouse/partner, friends), and alcohol use. Paired t-tests compared pre-pandemic vs. pandemic sleep. Separate linear regressions tested associations between pre-pandemic trauma and stress with average pandemic TST and SE, adjusted for baseline age and sleep, racial identity, assigned sex at birth, time between assessments, and drinking days (averaged across timepoints).

Results
Participants were on average 23.8 years old (61% female; 7% Asian; 39% Black; 1.8% Mixed race; 0.9% Other race; 0.9% Pacific Islander; 55% White). Average TST increased from baseline to pandemic (7.5 vs. 7.8; t(113)=-2.57, p=.01); no change was observed in SE (95% vs. 94%; t(113)=1.01, p=.31). Pre-pandemic perceived stress (B[SE]=-.003[.001], p=.02) and average EMA-reported family stress (B[SE]=-.04[.02], p=.05) predicted worse pandemic SE. No associations emerged with friend or partner stress, trauma, or TST (ps&gt;.11).

Conclusion
Pre-pandemic perceived stress (but not trauma nor relational stress) predicted worse sleep during the pandemic. Perceived stress reflects feeling overwhelmed and difficulty coping, which is relevant given dramatic pandemic-related impacts on daily life. The overall accumulation of stress, versus day-to-day stress in specific relationships, may be most detrimental for sleep during the pandemic. Perceived stress is amenable to evidence-based (and remotely-delivered) interventions, including mindfulness-based stress reduction.

Support (If Any)
R01AA025617 (SLP), R01AA026249 (BPH/SLP), K23HL159293 (KPJ)
0247 Sleep Disturbance is Associated with Dysregulation of Positive and Negative Affect Systems
Authors: Stepan Michelle , Buysse Daniel , Siegle Greg , Hasler Brant , Soehner Adriane , Franzen Peter 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Sleep disturbance is a risk factor for the development of mood disorders and up to 90% of mood disorder patients report sleep problems. However, the neural mechanisms by which poor sleep contributes to mood disorders are not well understood. We investigated whether sleep disturbance was associated with dysregulation of positive and negative affect systems, including passive reactivity and active emotion regulation.

Methods
Participants (n=55, Mage=24.4 years, 53% female) selected for high, medium, and low scores on the PROMIS Sleep Disturbance scale completed a cognitive reappraisal task in an fMRI scanner. Participants were presented with International Affective Picture Stimuli (30 positive, 30 negative, 15 neutral) and were instructed to either passively view or actively up- or down-regulate their emotional experience. We tested five conditions: view-positive, upregulate-positive, view-negative, downregulate-negative, view-neutral. Participants also completed objective (i.e., 7-day actigraphy) and self-report (i.e., Insomnia Severity Index [ISI]) measures of sleep prior to the scan. Analyses in AFNI were constrained within an emotion regulation network, identified using a Neurosynth mask, and treated as a single region of interest. Voxelwise (puncorr&lt;.005) and clusterwise thresholds (p&lt;.05) were used to correct for multiple comparisons.

Results
Actigraphy-assessed sleep duration was associated with supplementary motor area (SMA) activity when upregulating positive affect relative to passively viewing positive images (k=44 voxels, clusterwise p=.04); participants who slept less showed greater SMA activity. ISI score was marginally associated with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) activity when downregulating negative affect relative to an implicit baseline (k=30 voxels, clusterwise p=.10); individuals with greater insomnia severity showed more dlPFC activity. PROMIS Sleep Disturbance showed no significant associations.

Conclusion
Markers of poor sleep (i.e., lower sleep duration, greater insomnia severity) were associated with heightened SMA and dlPFC activity during cognitive reappraisal. This may suggest inefficiency in modulating positive affect via verbal and motor processes (i.e., SMA) and negative affect via cognitive control (i.e., dlPFC). Alternatively, individuals with poor sleep may have greater emotional reactivity to modulate. Mood disorders are commonly associated with increased negative affect and blunted positive affect. Our findings suggest a plausible neural substrate for how sleep disturbance contributes to dysregulation of these systems.

Support (If Any)
NIMH R21 MH102412.
0248 The Influence of Circadian Shifts on Post Mission Event Subjective Fatigue during a 72H Live-Fire Mission Simulation
Authors: Eldringhoff Hannah , Mantua Janna , Mickelson Carolyn , Carlsson Kajsa , Chaudhury Sidhartha , Bode Victoria , Bovard Pooja , Brown Stephanie , Burke Tina 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Circadian misalignment from sustained 24/7 operations and sleep loss are common occurrences in military operations, and operational demands can often lead to high levels of fatigue. Although the relationship between the circadian system and fatigue is well characterized, the relationship between magnitude of the circadian shift and fatigue during operational mission events has not been widely explored.

Methods
Twenty-one male participants aged 23.3±3.9 years (mean±SD) were recruited from a sample of active-duty Soldiers. The study consisted of a single day baseline data collection and then a month later the Soldiers participated in a sustained live-fire mission simulation consisting of a pre-mission day, the 72-hour live-fire exercise, and post-mission day. During the simulation, Soldiers completed the following mission events: Tactical Stress Marksmanship Assessment (TSMA), Individual Shooter Scenario (ISS), Small Unit Performance Analytics (SUPRA), Reconnaissance (RECON), infiltration and extraction ruck-march (INFIL/EXFIL RUCK), and RAID, to model actual combat or operational activities. Subjective fatigue was assessed using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) after each mission event. Circadian phase was measured by salivary dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) at baseline and then again following the post-mission day. Half-hourly saliva samples were collected under dim light (&lt;10lux) sedentary conditions. The circadian phase shift was calculated as the difference between the two DLMO collections.

Results
Twenty of the twenty-one participants advanced their circadian rhythm with a total mean shift of 0.91±0.88 SD hours. Of the six mission events, significant correlations were found between the magnitude of the phase shift and subjective fatigue for three of the events. The magnitude of the circadian phase shift was negatively correlated with fatigue for RECON r=-0.59 (p=0.008), RAID r=-0.55 (p=0.01), and EXFIL RUCK r=-0.44 (p=0.046). The amount of sleep in the 24 hours prior to each of these events had no significant correlation.

Conclusion
For the RECON, RAID, and RUCK, we found that the greater the magnitude of the phase shift, the less fatigue individuals endorsed. Yet, there was no significant relationship with sleep prior to the events. This suggests a potential greater need to consider the impact of the circadian system on military operations, especially with regard to circadian effects on fatigue.

Support (If Any)
Department of Defense Military Operational Medicine Research Program (MOMRP); DEVCOM SC
0250 Greater Slow Wave Activity in Pre-pubertal Children Is Associated With Less Negative Emotional Responses the Following Day
Authors: Rech Megan , Baran Bengi , Myers Annika , Palmer Cara , Alfano Candice 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Inadequate sleep quantity and/or quality in children is known to forecast development of emotional problems, but how sleep microstructure relates to children’s day-to-day emotional functioning remains unclear. Slow wave activity (SWA), or slow fluctuations of cortical activity during slow wave sleep (SWS) in the frequency range 0.75–4.5 Hz, is a marker of homeostatic sleep regulation and reflects synaptic reorganization of cortical areas early in life (Campbell & Feinberg, 2009). Findings regarding SWA among clinically depressed adolescents are mixed, with evidence of SWA reductions (Lopez et al., 2012) and increases (Tesler et al., 2016) compared to controls. Tesler et al. (2016) also showed SWA in frontal areas correlates positively with depressive thoughts. However, we are unaware of studies examining SWA in relation to depressive symptoms and next-day emotional responses among pre-pubertal children, before developmental declines in SWA (Jenni & Carskadon, 2004).

Methods
We examined relationships between N3 SWA, depressive symptoms, and next-day emotional responses among N=17 un-medicated, healthy children ages 7-11 years (Tanner 1/2). Children completed a baseline assessment and one night of at-home PSG monitoring (10-hour sleep opportunity) then an in-lab emotional assessment the next day where they provided arousal and valence ratings for negative affective images from the International Affective Picture System. Analyses controlled for PSG night total sleep time, and SWA did not differ by gender.

Results
Results indicated non-significant associations between SWA and child- and parent-reported depressive symptoms. Greater SWA density across frontal (r=-.66; p&lt; .01), central (r=-.70; p&lt; .001) and occipital regions (r=-.61; p&lt; .01), along with frontal SWA amplitude (r=-.61; p&lt; .01), significantly negatively related to valence ratings for negative images (images were rated as less negative).

Conclusion
While preliminary, findings suggest potential relationships between SWA and emotional functioning in pre-pubertal children. We have previously shown greater SWS corresponds with less same-week negative affect among pre-pubertal anxious children (Palmer & Alfano, 2017); additionally, in a longitudinal study of pre-pubertal children at risk for depression, greater SWS in childhood protected against later development of depression (Silk et al., 2007). Collectively, findings suggest greater SWA prior to pubertal transition may buffer against negative daytime emotional experiences and later depression.

Support (If Any)
0251 The role of parental absence and parental conflict on child and adolescent sleep
Authors: Garcia Odalis , Duggan Katherine 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Parents are one of the most salient contexts for child development, and parental divorce and death are substantial stressors for children. Previous research suggests parental conflict is related to difficulties in attachment, emotion regulation, self-esteem, and academic performance in children. A growing body of research suggests parental conflict can negatively affect sleep duration, latency, sleepiness, and wake after sleep onset. There is limited evidence that some children who experience parental death report worse sleep. Our goal was to begin to investigate the impact of parental divorce and death on multiple sleep measures in a lifespan archival sample.

Methods
Data was refined from the Terman Life Cycle Study, which has followed 1,528 gifted Californian children since 1921. For this analysis, we utilized cross-sectional data from the 1921 assessment (max. N=1202; 44% female, M age=12y, range=6-21y). Participants or their parents reported whether parental death (N=123) or divorce (N=62) had occurred, as well as the child’s usual hour of sleeping or waking, how long it took them to fall asleep, the quality of their sleep, and whether they had night terrors. In this preliminary analysis, we evaluate exposure to parental divorce and death on children’s sleep descriptively.

Results
Parental divorce was associated with sleep quality (p=.01), but we mostly found no significant impact relations of parental divorce or death on children’s sleep (ps=.21-.90). In this sample, 97% of children from intact families (N=1112) had good sleep quality compared to the 92% of children from families with divorced parents (N=62).

Conclusion
In this well-characterized archival longitudinal study of children followed since 1921, we found little evidence that parental divorce or death were related to sleep cross-sectionally. Multiple waves of sleep data are available, and we will evaluate associations longitudinally in follow-up analyses, as well as possible associations between time-limited effects (length of time since the event) or sensitive periods in terms of age. Our null results may be the result of cohort differences (the sample was born, on average, in 1910) or limited reporting on sleep by participants and their parents.

Support (If Any)
AG027001
0253 The Association Between Sleep Health and Mood in Sedentary Desk Workers
Authors: Vogan Olivia , Cheruka Caitlin , Egeler Mara , Kubala Andrew , Sanders Rachel , Paley Joshua , Patel Sanjay , Hall Martica , Perera Subashan , Jakicic John , Gibbs Bethany , Kline Christopher 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Poor sleep, most commonly insufficient sleep duration or low sleep quality, has been linked with disruptions of mood. However, it is unclear how sleep health—more broadly, other multiple dimensions of sleep—is associated with mood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between sleep health and mood in a sample of desk-working sedentary adults.

Methods
This cross-sectional study used baseline data from inactive adults with desk-based jobs (N=125, 49.6% female, 43.9±10.6 years) who enrolled in an ongoing clinical trial. Sleep was assessed using validated questionnaires and 7 nights of actigraphy. Collectively, these measures were utilized to assess six different sleep dimensions: regularity, satisfaction, alertness, timing, efficiency, duration. Each dimension was categorized as “good” or “poor”. A sleep health score was calculated by summing the number of good dimensions (range: 0-6; higher is better). Mood was assessed using Profile of Mood States (POMS); its 7 subscales (tension, anger, fatigue, depression, esteem-affect, vigor, confusion) were summed (with a constant of 100) to create a Total Mood Disturbance (TMD) score. Multiple linear regression models examined associations between sleep health and mood adjusting for age, gender, and whether pre- or post-COVID-19.

Results
The mean sleep health score was 4.7±1.1; the mean TMD score was 96.6±18.5. Better sleep health was associated with lesser TMD (β=-0.32, p&lt;0.001) and better mood on each of the POMS subscales (β≥0.18, p&lt;0.05), aside from esteem-related affect (p=0.31). Of the individual sleep dimensions, only satisfaction, alertness, and efficiency were associated with TMD (β≥0.18, p&lt;0.05). Satisfaction was the only individual sleep dimension that was consistently associated with better mood on each subscale (β≥0.17). Alertness, efficiency, and duration were inconsistently associated with individual mood subscales. Regularity and timing were not associated with any mood subscales (p≥0.267 and p≥0.073, respectively).

Conclusion
Better sleep health was associated with less TMD. Satisfaction was the sleep dimension that consistently associated with each subscale of mood. The cross-sectional, observational design limits casual inference between sleep health and mood disturbance due to a lack of temporality and the potential for residual confounding.

Support (If Any)
This study was funded by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants R01HL134809 and R01HL147610.
0256 Child Maltreatment and Multidimensional Sleep Health among Incoming First-Year College Students
Authors: Rojo-Wissar Darlynn , Parade Stephanie , Barker David , Roane Brandy , Van Reen Eliza , Sharkey Katherine , Carskadon Mary 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Despite the growing body of evidence linking child maltreatment to compromised sleep health in adulthood, links in emerging adults are understudied. We examined associations between child maltreatment (CM) and multidimensional sleep health among emerging adults undergoing the major life transition of starting college.

Methods
First-year college students (N=682, 41% male, 48% Non-Hispanic White, 22% Non-Hispanic Asian, 15% Hispanic all races, 6% Non-Hispanic Black, and 9% Non-Hispanic other races) completed daily sleep diaries (DSDs) for 9 weeks, and completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) following DSD completion. We used linear regression models to examine associations between CTQ-derived CM (0=none, 1=any [moderate to severe emotional abuse/neglect, physical abuse/neglect, or sexual abuse]) and sleep health (Buysse, 2014) using a multidimensional score encompassing components from the RUSATED model (regularity [DSD sleep midpoint SD: 0= &gt;1 hour, 1= ≤1 hour], satisfaction [PSQI sleep quality item: 0=fairly or very bad, 1=very or fairly good], alertness [ESS score: 0= &gt;10, 1= ≤10], timing [DSD sleep midpoint: 0= &lt;3:30 or &gt;5:30, 1= ≥3:30 and ≤5:30], efficiency [DSD sleep efficiency: 0= &lt;93%, 1= ≥93%], and duration [DSD sleep duration: 0= &lt;7 hours or &gt;10 hours, 1= ≥7 hours and ≤10 hours].

Results
In the full sample 20.5% reported CM (within-group prevalences: females 21%, males 20%, Non-Hispanic Whites 12%, Non-Hispanic Asians 28%, Hispanics of all races 26%, Non-Hispanic Blacks 34%, and Non-Hispanics of other races 30%). Those with CM had significantly worse sleep health (B=-0.25, 95% CI=-0.46, -0.04) compared to those without CM, but not after adjustment for sex and race/ethnicity. In logistic regression models, the only individual sleep health component significantly associated with CM was sleep satisfaction. After adjustment for sex, race/ethnicity, and depressive symptoms, those who experienced CM had a 52% lower odds of reporting good sleep quality (OR=0.48, 95% CI=0.30, 0.76).

Conclusion
CM is associated with worse sleep satisfaction among first-year college students, which aligns with previous research in older adults. Additional research should examine neurophysiological correlates of sleep satisfaction in the context of child maltreatment and effects on subsequent health.

Support (If Any)
P206M139743, MH079179, T32HD101392.