bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La enseñanza virtual y la deserción escolar en la pandemia 2019
Authors: Hernández Dominguez Pablo Enrique , Sánchez Vaca Edgar Bladimir , Alarcón Chávez María José 
Published: February 2022

Introducción: La presente investigación tuvo la finalidad de analizar la influencia de la enseñanza virtual en la deserción escolar de los estudiantes de Educación General Básica de la Unidad Educativa “Jerusalén” del Cantón Ambato. Objetivo. Analizar la influencia de la enseñanza virtual en la deserción escolar de los estudiantes de Educación General Básica de la Unidad Educativa “Jerusalén” del Cantón Ambato. Metodología. La metodología utilizada tuvo un enfoque culali-cuantitativo, se centró en un análisis de alcance exploratorio y descriptivo en la población seleccionada. Como técnica para la recolección de la información se utilizó la encuesta validada con un cuestionario de diez preguntas objetivas de opción múltiple con una población de 116 estudiantes. Después de la recopilación de datos, se probó la hipótesis planteada. Resultado. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que un gran porcentaje de estudiantes abandonan los estudios por tener escasas herramientas tecnológicas. Esto ha provocado sentimientos de frustración, en estudiantes, docentes y padres de familia, dificultando también el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje. Conclusiones. Como conclusión se puede determinar que de un total de 116 estudiantes investigados tan solo 54 estudiantes poseen una red de internet para recibir clases virtuales en tanto que 62 estudiantes, no posee condiciones necesarias para recibir clases virtuales.
Comparison of toxicities between Vibrio fluvialis and Vibrio furnissii strains isolated from environmental samples
Authors: Jainab Tahsina , Hasan Sayeema , Manchur Mohammed Abul , Yasmin Mahmuda , Nessa Jamalun , Ahsan Chowdhury Rafiqul 
Published: February 2022

Gastrointestinal episodes associated with Vibrio species have been rising worldwide in the last few years. In this study, toxicities of two very well characterized V. fluvialis and V. furnissii strains, isolated from environmental samples, were used to investigate the comparative pathogenicity of these strains. The results showed that there is a positive relationship between toxin production as well as a high interspecies correlation. In the analysis of toxicity, both species showed positive results with close similarity in cell death on BHK-21 cell line and destruction of RBC, which were indicative of cytotoxic and hemolytic activity, respectively. Besides, molecular analysis showed the absence of ctx, tdh, trh, stx1 and stx2 genes. On the other hand, reduced fluid accumulation ratio in rabbit ileal loop assay and paralysis of hind legs of Swiss Albino mice were observed for V. furnissi strain, which indicates the differences in pathogenicity between the two species.
Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 38, Number 2, December 2021, pp 73-77
Status of Anxiety Disorders among Elderly People in a Selected Urban Area in Bangladesh
Authors: Any Omma Hafsa , Moin Sharna , Akter Mahbuba , Afreen Khandakar Nadia , Mazumder Manas Kanti 
Published: February 2022

Background: Anxiety disorders are reported in the different age group of people in the urban area.
Objective: The purpose of the present study was to determine the level of anxiety disorder among urban elderly people.
Methodology: This cross-sectional community based study was carried out from January to December 2016 at Bakolia, Chawkbazar urban area of Chittagong, Bangladesh.The individuals who were aged 60 years and above were interviewed by using convenient sampling. Face to face interview was done with semi structural questionnaire.
Results: Out of 300 respondents female respondents were higher in number which was 168(56%) respondents; however, 71.7%, respondents were in 60 to 69 age groups. Majority of respondents did not have any income which was 72(60.0%) subjects. Most of the respondents were suffering from hypertension which was 198(66.0%) respondents. In urban areas 82(27.3%) subjects did not have anxiety disorder, while 133(44.3%) respondents had mild anxiety disorder, 63 (21.0%) respondents had moderate and 22 (7.3%) respondents had severe anxiety disorder. Furthermore, 192 (64.0%) respondents who were concerned about their finance had anxiety disorder. 160 (53.3%) were concerned about their health had anxiety disorder.
Conclusion: In conclusion majority urban dwelling elderly people are suffering from anxiety disorders.
Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2021, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 137-141
Diagnostic Validity of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Detection of Ependymoma among Bangladeshi Children
Authors: Haque Zerin , Alim Md Abdul , Ahmed Shaifur , Ahmed Rokshana , Rahman Meher Angez , Nahar Nazmun 
Published: February 2022

Background: Detection of ependymoma is very essential for the management of the patients.
Objective: The purpose of the present study was to validate as well as to find out the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings of ependymoma among paediatric patients.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out from January 2010 to June 2011 for a period of one year and six months in the Department of Radiology & Imaging at Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Pediatric Patients having clinically suspected brain tumours of ependymoma variant who were undergone MRI of brain were included in this study. The pediatric patients clinically suspected for brain tumor in posterior cranial fossa region with the suspicion of ependymoma having no contraindication for MRI was underwent MRI examination. The postoperative resected tissues were examined histopathological in the respective department. All the clinical profiles and demographic data were collected.
Result: This study included 33 patients with clinical features compatible with posterior fossa tumors. Out of all cases 4 cases were diagnosed as ependymoma in MRI and confirmed by histopathological evaluation. Out of 4 histologicaly proved cases, all cases were in ventricle. However, 2 cases were hypointense and 2 cases were isointense in TIWI and 3 cases were hyperintense in T2WI .3 cases are solid and 1 case was mixed. All cases had irregular margin and mass effect. All cases also had peri-lesional oedema. Marked enhancement was present in 3 cases. The sensitivity of MRI for the detection of ependymoma was 75.0% (95% CI 19.41% to 99.37%). However, the specificity of MRI was very high which was 96.5% (95% CI 82.24% to 99.91%). The positive predictive values and negative predictive value of MRI were 75.0% (95% CI 28.73% to 95.71%) and 96.5% (95% CI 83.66% to 99.35%) respectively. The accuracy was 93.9% (95% CI 79.77% to 99.26%).
Conclusion: In conclusion accuracy of MRI for the detection of ependymoma is very high.
Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2021, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 147-151
High School Football and Risk for Depression and Suicidality in Adulthood: Findings From a National Longitudinal Study
Authors: Iverson Grant L. , Terry Douglas P. 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThere is growing public concern regarding the potential long-term effects of playing football on brain health, specifically that playing football before and during high school might cause damage to the brain that manifests years or decades later as depression or suicidality. This study examined if playing high school football was associated with increased lifetime risk for depression, suicidality over the past year, or depressed mood in the past week in men aged between their middle 30 s to early 40 s.MethodsPublicly available data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health were analyzed. This longitudinal, prospective cohort study sampled nationally representative U.S. youth starting in 1994–1995 (Wave I) and most recently in 2016–2018 (Wave V). A total of 3,147 boys participated in Wave I (median age = 15), of whom 1,805 were re-assessed during Wave V (median age = 38).ResultsOf the 1,762 men included in the study, 307 (17.4%) men reported being diagnosed with depression and 275 (15.6%) reported being diagnosed with an anxiety disorder or panic disorder at some point in their life. When comparing men who played high school football to those who did not, there were no differences in the proportions of the sample who had a lifetime diagnosis of depression, lifetime diagnosis of anxiety/panic disorders, suicidal ideation in the past year, psychological counseling in the past year, or current depressed mood. However, men who received psychological counseling and/or experienced suicidal ideation during adolescence were significantly more likely to report a lifetime history of depression, suicidal ideation in the past year, and current depressed mood.ConclusionIndividuals who reported playing football during adolescence did not have an increased risk of depression or suicidal ideation when they were in their middle 30 s to early 40 s, but mental health problems during adolescence were associated with an increased risk for psychological health difficulties more than 20 years later.
Predictive Efficacy of Blood-Based Tumor Mutation Burden Assay for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Therapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Nan , Zhang Jinwei , Wang Guoqing , He Xin , Mi Yin , Cao Ying , Yu Xiaoxu 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundIn non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), tumor mutation burden (TMB) has been found to have predictive potential for survival. When compared to TMB detection in tissue (tTMB), detecting TMB in the blood (bTMB) has practical advantages; yet, the results of various studies are conflicting. The question of whether bTMB can be utilized as a predictive biomarker is becoming increasingly contentious. To confirm the predictive efficacy of bTMB, researchers did a systematic review and meta-analysis to look into the relationship between ICIs and bTMB.MethodFrom the inception to March 2021, Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE and other databases were systematically searched. The predictive value of bTMB in ICIs, or the efficacy of ICIs against chemotherapy, was studied. The results were presented as pooled ratio rate (RR) and hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals for the Objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Subgroup analysis, heterogeneity analyses, and sensitivity analysis were also performed.ResultsA total of 2,610 NSCLC patients were studied in seven trials. There were no significant differences in OS (HR = 1.09; 95% CI: 0.62–1.91, P = 0.774) or PFS (HR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.20–2.65, P = 0.629) between high and low bTMB groups in the ICIs cohort. When ICIs were compared to chemotherapy, ICIs were found to enhance OS (HR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.59–0.92, P = 0.006), but the improvement in PFS and ORR was only a numerical trend (PFS: HR = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.63–1.09, P = 0.173; ORR: RR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.77–1.10, P = 0.372). NSCLC patients treated with ICIs in the high bTMB group had better survival benefits than chemotherapy patients in terms of OS (HR = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.51–0.76, P &lt;0.001), PFS (HR = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.52–0.76, P &lt;0.001), and ORR (RR = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.32–2.62, P &lt;0.001), while in the low TMB group, the results were no different or even reversed (OS: HR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.64–1.24, P = 0.485; PFS: HR = 1.21, 95% CI: 0.93–1.58, P = 0.154; ORR: RR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.54–0.85, P = 0.001).ConclusionsTMB could predict the enhanced survival benefit of NSCLC patients treated with ICIs; however the role of bTMB is limited at this stage. For NSCLC patients with high TMB, ICIc may be a better option than chemotherapy.
No Difference Among Inhaled Anesthetics on the Growth and Metastasis of Murine 4T1 Breast Cancers in a Mouse Model of Spontaneous Metastasis
Authors: Liu Qiuyue , Li Ru , Lin Jun 
Published: February 2022

Objective: This study evaluates the effect of the commonly used inhaled anesthetics isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane on the viability and migration of murine 4T1 breast cancer cells, the growth, and lung metastasis in a syngenetic model of spontaneous metastasis.Methods: The murine 4T1 breast cancer cells were exposed to isoflurane (2%), sevoflurane (3.6%), or desflurane (10.3%) for 3 h. Cell viability was measured using the MTT assay. The migratory capacity of 4T1 cells was assessed using a scratch assay after 24 h incubation. Female balb/c mice were subjected to orthotopic implantation of 4T1 cells under anesthesia with one of the inhaled anesthetics: 2% isoflurane, 3.6% sevoflurane, or 10.3% desflurane. Subsequently, resection of primary tumors was performed under the identical anesthetic used during implantation for 3 h. Three weeks later, the mice were euthanized to harvest lungs for ex vivo bioluminescent imaging and histological analysis. Blood was collected for serum cytokine assays by ELISA.Results: There was no difference in cell viability among isoflurane, sevoflurane, desflurane, and control groups (n = 180 for each group, P = 0.648). Sevoflurane but not isoflurane or desflurane significantly increased the migration of 4T1 cells compared to the control group (n = 18, P = 0.024). There was no difference in the growth of the orthotopically implanted primary tumors (n = 12 for the isoflurane group, n = 11 for the sevoflurane group, and for the desflurane group, P = 0.879). Surgical dissection of primary tumors in mice under anesthesia with isoflurane, sevoflurane, or desflurane led to no difference in lung metastasis following surgery (P = 0.789). No significant difference was observed among isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane groups in the serum levels of IL-6 (P = 0.284), CCL-1 (P = 0.591), MCP-1 (P = 0.135), and VEGF (P = 0.354).Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that sevoflurane increased the migration of 4T1 breast cancer cells in vitro. Inhaled anesthetics isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane had no difference on the growth of primary tumor and the lung metastasis of 4T1 cells in the mouse model of spontaneous metastasis with surgical removal of primary tumors.
Effectiveness of Antiviral Therapy in Highly-Transmissible Variants of SARS-CoV-2: A Modeling and Simulation Study
Authors: Schöning Verena , Kern Charlotte , Chaccour Carlos , Hammann Felix 
Published: February 2022

As of October 2021, neither established agents (e.g., hydroxychloroquine) nor experimental drugs have lived up to their initial promise as antiviral treatment against SARS-CoV-2 infection. While vaccines are being globally deployed, variants of concern (VOCs) are emerging with the potential for vaccine escape. VOCs are characterized by a higher within-host transmissibility, and this may alter their susceptibility to antiviral treatment. Here we describe a model to understand the effect of changes in within-host reproduction number R0, as proxy for transmissibility, of VOCs on the effectiveness of antiviral therapy with molnupiravir through modeling and simulation. Molnupiravir (EIDD-2801 or MK 4482) is an orally bioavailable antiviral drug inhibiting viral replication through lethal mutagenesis, ultimately leading to viral extinction. We simulated 800 mg molnupiravir treatment every 12 h for 5 days, with treatment initiated at different time points before and after infection. Modeled viral mutations range from 1.25 to 2-fold greater transmissibility than wild type, but also include putative co-adapted variants with lower transmissibility (0.75-fold). Antiviral efficacy was correlated with R0, making highly transmissible VOCs more sensitive to antiviral therapy. Total viral load was reduced by up to 70% in highly transmissible variants compared to 30% in wild type if treatment was started in the first 1–3 days post inoculation. Less transmissible variants appear less susceptible. Our findings suggest there may be a role for pre- or post-exposure prophylactic antiviral treatment in areas with presence of highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants. Furthermore, clinical trials with borderline efficacious results should consider identifying VOCs and examine their impact in post-hoc analysis.
Distributional Measures of Semantic Abstraction
Authors: Schulte im Walde Sabine , Frassinelli Diego 
Published: February 2022

This article provides an in-depth study of distributional measures for distinguishing between degrees ofsemantic abstraction. Abstraction is considered a “central construct in cognitive science” (Barsalou, 2003) and a “process of information reduction that allows for efficient storage and retrieval of central knowledge” (Burgoon et al., 2013). Relying on the distributional hypothesis, computational studies have successfully exploited measures of contextual co-occurrence and neighbourhood density to distinguish between conceptual semantic categorisations. So far, these studies have modeled semantic abstraction across lexical-semantic tasks such as ambiguity; diachronic meaning changes; abstractness vs. concreteness; and hypernymy. Yet, the distributional approaches target different conceptual types of semantic relatedness, and as to our knowledge not much attention has been paid to apply, compare or analyse the computational abstraction measures across conceptual tasks. The current article suggests a novel perspective that exploits variants of distributional measures to investigate semantic abstraction in English in terms of the abstract–concrete dichotomy (e.g.,glory–banana) and in terms of the generality–specificity distinction (e.g.,animal–fish), in order to compare the strengths and weaknesses of the measures regarding categorisations of abstraction, and to determine and investigate conceptual differences.In a series of experiments we identify reliable distributional measures for both instantiations of lexical-semantic abstraction and reach a precision higher than 0.7, but the measures clearly differ for the abstract–concrete vs. abstract–specific distinctions and for nouns vs. verbs. Overall, we identify two groups of measures, (i) frequency and word entropy when distinguishing between more and less abstract words in terms of the generality–specificity distinction, and (ii) neighbourhood density variants (especially target–context diversity) when distinguishing between more and less abstract words in terms of the abstract–concrete dichotomy. We conclude that more general words are used more often and are less surprising than more specific words, and that abstract words establish themselves empirically in semantically more diverse contexts than concrete words. Finally, our experiments once more point out that distributional models of conceptual categorisations need to take word classes and ambiguity into account: results for nouns vs. verbs differ in many respects, and ambiguity hinders fine-tuning empirical observations.
Experimental Study on the Bone Morphogenetic Protein 1-Modified Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Sheets to Promote Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis
Authors: Su Zhong-Ping , Tian Lei , Shang Hong-Tao , Yang Yong , Lu Jin-Biao , Kang Yong-Jie , He Li-Sheng , Zhao Jin-Long 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveThe present study aims to increase the concentration of genetically modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in the distraction osteogenesis (DO) interstitial space and induce the conversion of BMSCs to osteoblasts to improve the osteogenic efficiency in DO and shorten the treatment period.MethodsBone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP-1) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene-modified cell sheets of BMSCs were constructed by tissue engineering. Thirty-six New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: group A (the blank control group), group B (the GFP group) with the injection of GFP gene-modified BMSC sheets into the DO gap, and group C (the BMP-1 group) with the injection of BMP-1 gene-modified BMSC sheets into the DO gap. Rabbits in all three groups were distracted for 5 days at a distraction rate of 2.0 mm/d, once/day. After distraction, the above-mentioned cell sheet suspension was injected into the distraction gap to observe osteogenesis, which was observed by gross specimen observation, micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) scanning, and histomorphology.ResultsThe gross specimen observation showed that all animals had smooth and continuous bone cortex in the distraction region with relatively high hardness. The osteogenesis quality or hardness was ranked from the highest to the lowest, as Group C &gt; Group B &gt; Group A. Micro-CT and histomorphological observation revealed that group C had better maturation and bone volume of the new bone in the DO region at weeks 3 and 6 than groups B and A.ConclusionBMP-1 gene-modified BMSC sheets could effectively promote the formation of new bone during rapid DO in the mandible, compensating for the poor osteogenesis caused by rapid distraction and providing a new approach to shorten the DO treatment period in clinical practice.
Urethral Stricture Formation Following Cuff Erosion of AMS Artificial Urinary Sphincter Devices: Implication for a Less Invasive Explantation Approach
Authors: Kuhlencord Katharina , Dahlem Roland , Vetterlein Malte W. , Abrams-Pompe Raisa S. , Maurer Valentin , Meyer Christian P. , Riechardt Silke , Fisch Margit , Ludwig Tim A. , Marks Phillip 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to describe a standardized less invasive approach in patients with artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) explantation due to cuff erosion and analyze success and urethral stricture rates out of a prospective database. Evidence regarding complication management is sparse with heterogenous results revealing high risk of urethral stricture formation despite simultaneous urethroplasty in case of AUS explantation.Patients and MethodsData of all patients undergoing AUS implantation due to stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in our tertiary center were prospectively collected from 2009 to 2015. In case of cuff erosion, AUS explantation was carried out in an institutional standardized strategy without urethroplasty, urethral preparation or mobilization nor urethrorrhaphy. Transurethral and suprapubic catheters were inserted for 3 weeks followed by radiography of the urethra. Further follow-up (FU) consisted of pad test, uroflowmetry, postvoiding residual urine (PVR), and radiography. Primary endpoint was urethral stricture rate.ResultsOut of 235 patients after AUS implantation, 24 (10.2%) experienced cuff erosion with consecutive explantation and were available for analysis. Within a median FU of 18.7 months after AUS explantation, 2 patients (8.3%) developed a urethral stricture. The remaining 22 patients showed a median Qmax of 17 ml/s without suspicion of urethral stricture. Median time to reimplantation was 4 months (IQR 3-4).ConclusionWe observed a considerably low stricture formation and could not prove an indication for primary urethroplasty nor delay in salvage SUI treatment possibilities. Therefore, the presented standardized less invasive explantation strategy with consequent urinary diversion seems to be safe and effective and might be recommended in case of AUS cuff erosion.