bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Halogen‐Doped Carbon Dots on Amorphous Cobalt Phosphide as Robust Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Song Haoqiang , Yu Jingkun , Tang Zhiyong , Yang Bai , Lu Siyu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDesigning a stable and efficient dual‐functional catalyst for the hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions (HER/OER) is of great significance to the development of hydrogen production by water splitting. This work reports on novel halogen (X = F, Cl, and Br)‐doped carbon dots modifying amorphous cobalt phosphide (X‐CDs/CoP), which can be tuned by the choice of X‐CDs to have urchin, Pinus bungeana, and Albizia julibrissin type structures. The different characteristics of the various X‐CDs led to different formation mechanisms and final structures. As a bifunctional catalyst, urchin‐shaped F‐CDs/CoP crystals achieve superior electrocatalytic performance, exhibiting excellent HER/OER activity and sustained stability in an alkaline solution. For overall water splitting, they provide current density of 10 mA cm−2 and require a low cell voltage of 1.48 V in 1 M KOH. In addition, the catalytic performance shows negligible degradation after 100 h, thus demonstrating excellent long‐term cycling stability. Density functional theory calculations show that the improved electrocatalytic performance of F‐CDs/CoP catalysts is due to the coupling interface between CoP and F‐CDs, which optimizes the hydrogen/oxygen adsorption energy and accelerates the water splitting kinetics. This work provides guidance for the rational design of transition metal phosphide electrocatalysts with outstanding performance.
Going viral: A scoping review of the current state and impact of online research dissemination in emergency medicine
Authors: Gray James M. , Schnadower David , LaFollette Ryan , Shah Ashish S. , Sobolewski Brad 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe use of free open‐access medical education (FOAM) and other online knowledge dissemination methods has increased over the past decade. However, the role and impact of these tools in the knowledge translation continuum are poorly understood, potentially limiting the ability of knowledge generators to fully harness and exploit their potential. Here, we aim to comprehensively map and synthesize the literature describing the use of online tools for the dissemination of emergency medicine research.MethodsUsing scoping review methodology, we searched the traditional literature via PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, ERIC, SCOPUS, and the gray literature for publications exploring online methods to disseminate new research findings. We synthesized the results and constructed a conceptual model of current research dissemination methods.ResultsWe included 79 out of 655 unique abstracts and articles identified in our search, 62 of which were from the traditional literature. We describe six primary domains: integration with traditional literature, measurement of dissemination, online organizations and communities of practice, professional development, quality assurance tools and techniques, and advantages and disadvantages of FOAM. For each domain we present an exemplar article and prevailing gaps in knowledge. Finally, we propose a current conceptual framework for dissemination of new research findings that describes both traditional and novel methods of dissemination.ConclusionsThis comprehensive review of the literature and current dissemination framework will empower researchers, research networks, and granting organizations to maximize their use of FOAM and other online methods to disseminate new knowledge as well as provide clinicians a better understanding of the tools and methods by which to access and implement new research findings.
All clinical stressors are not created equal: Differential task stress in a simulated clinical environment
Authors: Joseph Melissa , Ray Jessica M. , Chang Jungsoo , Cramer Laura D. , Bonz James W. , Yang Thomas J. , Wong Ambrose H. , Auerbach Marc A. , Evans Leigh V. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundA variety of stressors are encountered while working in the emergency department and are often recreated in simulation‐based medical education. We seek to examine the physiologic and stress state response of participants in a simulated clinical environment to commonly encountered stressors.MethodsEmergency medicine (EM) residents participated in a randomized, controlled trial of six simulated patient encounters with one of three stressors, medical difficulty, interpersonal challenge, and technology/equipment failure, randomized into each scenario. Participants wore smart shirts to measure heart rate variability (HRV) at rest and just after the introduced stressor and completed the Short Stress State Questionnaire (SSSQ) before and after each scenario.ResultsTwenty‐seven EM residents participated in the study. Interpersonal challenge resulted in increased distress as measured by SSSQ compared to the other two stressors (one way ANOVA, F[2,144] = 9.95, p < 0.001). There was no difference in worry or task engagement across stressors. HRV decreased significantly from rest for all stressors (p = 0.0003, p = 0.0112, p = 0.0027 for medical difficulty, interpersonal challenge, and equipment failure, respectively), but there was no statistically significant difference between mean change in HRV across stressors (one way ANOVA, F[2,120] = 0.17, p = 0.8452).ConclusionsInterpersonal challenge stressor was significantly associated with an increase in distress in EM residents during the simulated encounters as compared to the other stressors. While heart rate variability decreased from rest for each stressor as expected following stressor introduction, differing stressors did not produce a differential change.
Utility and validation of bone mineral density measurements at forearm in predicting trabecular microarchitecture and central‐site osteoporosis in aging Indian postmenopausal women—a promising surrogate?
Authors: Gautam Krishna Prabha , Cherian Kripa Elizabeth , Kapoor Nitin , Thomas Nihal , Paul Thomas Vizhalil 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this paper was to present the results of our study of the utility of bone mineral density (BMD) measurements at various segments of distal forearm in predicting central‐site osteoporosis and deteriorated trabecular microarchitecture.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study and BMD at the femoral neck, lumbar spine, and distal forearm were assessed using the dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanner and bone microarchitecture at lumbar spine by trabecular bone score (TBS). The utility of forearm BMD in predicting osteoporosis as well as the deteriorated TBS was assessed by a receiver operating characteristic analysis.ResultsA total of 352 postmenopausal women with mean (SD) age of 60.7 (6.8) years were included. The odds of having osteoporosis at femoral neck [odds ratio (OR) = 14.1, 95% confidence interval (CI): 7.8–25.2] and lumbar spine (OR = 7.5, 95% CI: 4.6–12.1) was highest with the mid‐distal radius. A derived T‐score cut off ≤ −1.6, −1.9, and −1.7 at any segment of the forearm was elucidated to predict osteoporosis at the central‐site, femoral neck, and lumbar spine, respectively, with sensitivity of 80%–88% and specificity of 60%–70%. The T‐scores at all three forearm segments ≤ −1.2 showed fair performance in predicting degraded trabecular microarchitecture. The T‐scores thus derived were further validated in cohort of 360 Bengali postmenopausal women.ConclusionBMD assessment at the forearm may be utilized in prediction of trabecular microarchitecture and central site osteoporosis at the femoral neck and lumbar spine in postmenopausal women.
Recent trends in molecular aggregates: An exploration of biomedicine
Authors: Heo Jeongyun , Murale Dhiraj P. , Yoon Hey Young , Arun V. , Choi Sangkee , Kim Eunha , Lee Jun‐Seok , Kim Sehoon 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMolecular aggregates are receiving tremendous attention, demonstrating immense potential for biomedical applications in vitro and in vivo. For instance, the molecular aggregates of conventional fluorophores influence the electronic excitation states of the aggregates, causing characteristic photophysical property changes. A fundamental understanding of this classical relationship between molecular aggregate structures and photophysics has allowed for innovative biological applications. The chemical characteristics of drug molecules generally trigger the formation of colloidal aggregates, and this is considered detrimental to the drug discovery process. Furthermore, nano‐sized supramolecular aggregates have been used in biomedical imaging and therapy owing to their optimal properties for in vivo utility, including enhanced cell permeability, passive tumor targeting, and convenient surface engineering. Herein, we provide an overview of the recent trends in molecular aggregates for biomedical applications. The changes in photophysical properties of conventional fluorophores and their biological applications are discussed, followed by the effects of conventional drug molecule‐aggregates on drug discovery and therapeutics development. Recent trends in the investigation of biologically important analytes with aggregation‐induced emission are discussed for conventional and unconventional fluorophores. Lastly, we discuss nano‐sized supramolecular aggregates used in imaging and therapeutic purposes, with a focus on in vivo utilization.
The liquid–liquid flow dynamics and droplet formation in a modified step T‐junction microchannel
Authors: Zhang Jingwei , Ling Si Da , Chen An , Chen Zhuo , Ma Wenjun , Xu Jianhong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe droplet generation mechanism in the asymmetrically enhanced step T‐junction remains unknown, especially for the transition stage from dripping to jetting regimes. In this work, the droplet generation mechanism was systematically investigated in a modified step T‐junction by modulating a large flowrate range and altering different interfacial tensions. We found that under different fluid regimes, both the capillary number and flow rate ratio of continuous and dispersed phase showcase completely different impacts over droplet generation. In dripping regime, the interfacial tension, which was controlled by changing the surfactant concentration, dominated the formation mechanism when the surfactant concentration was found below micelle concentration. In jetting regime, our experimental results showed that the influence of the surfactant concentration on the size of generated droplets was rather negligible while the flow rate ratio of continuous and dispersed phase indeed determined such a parameter. In the dripping‐jetting transition stage, an increase of droplet size was observed despite the increase of continuous phase flow. After reaching a peak, the droplet dimension started to decrease with the increase of continuous phase flow as expected. To the best for our knowledge, it is the first study to report generation mechanism in modified step T‐junction from dripping to jetting regimes.
Apomictic fern fathers: an experimental approach to the reproductive characteristics of sexual, apomict, and hybrid fern gametophytes
Authors: Hornych Ondřej , Férová Alžběta , Hori Kiyotaka , Košnar Jiří , Ekrt Libor 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPremiseApomixis and hybridization are two essential and complementary factors in the evolution of plants, including ferns. Hybridization combines characteristics from different species, while apomixis conserves features within a lineage. When combined, these two processes result in apo‐sex hybrids. The conditions leading to the formation of these hybrids are poorly understood in ferns.MethodsWe cultivated spores from 66 fern samples (43 apomicts, 7 apo‐sex hybrids, and 16 sexuals), and measured their development in vitro over 16 weeks. We evaluated germination, lateral meristem formation rates, sexual expression, and production of sporophytes and then compared ontogenetic patterns among the three groups.ResultsThe three examined groups formed antheridia (male gametangia) but differed in overall gametophyte development. Sexual species created archegonia (female, 86% of viable samples), but no sporophytes. Apomicts rarely created nonfunctional archegonia (8%) but usually produced apogamous sporophytes (75%). Surprisingly, apomictic and sexual species showed similar development speed. The sexually reproducing parents of viable studied hybrids formed about twice as many meristic gametophytes as the apomictic parents (39% vs. 20%, respectively).ConclusionsWe present the most thorough comparison of gametangial development of sexual and apomictic ferns, to date. Despite expectations, apomictic reproduction might not lead to earlier sporophyte formation. Apomicts produce functional sperm and thus can contribute this type of gamete to their hybrids. The development patterns found in the parents of hybrids indicate a possible increase of hybridization rates by antheridiogens. The apo‐sex hybrids always inherit the apomictic reproductive strategy and are thus capable of self‐perpetuation.
Sepsis‐associated hypoglycemia on admission is associated with increased mortality in intensive care unit patients
Authors: Mitsuyama Yumi , Shimizu Kentaro , Komukai Sho , Hirayama Atsushi , Takegawa Ryosuke , Ebihara Takeshi , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Ogura Hiroshi , Shimazu Takeshi 
Published: January 2022

AimHyperglycemia is a common response to acute illness, but it is not often seen in critical conditions. The frequency and cause of hypoglycemia in septic patients have not been well elucidated. In this study, we focused on sepsis‐associated hypoglycemia in the early phase and evaluated the impact of hypoglycemia on mortality.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of 265 patients with sepsis admitted to a tertiary medical center. Blood glucose levels on admission were evaluated and analyzed by a Cox proportional hazard model.ResultsWe categorized patients with sepsis into five groups according to blood glucose levels. Seven patients (2.6%) were admitted with severe hypoglycemia (≤40 mg/dL), 19 (7.2%) with mild hypoglycemia (41–70 mg/dL), 103 (38.9%) with euglycemia (71–140 mg/dL), 58 (21.9%) with mild hyperglycemia (141–180 mg/dL), and 78 (29.4%) with hyperglycemia (>180 mg/dL). There was a significant difference in 28‐day mortality between those with severe hypoglycemia and euglycemia (71.4% versus 8.7%; P < 0.05). We analyzed the hazard ratios for the groups (relative to the reference of euglycemia) adjusted for sex, age, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores on admission. The hazard ratios for 28‐day mortality in patients with severe hypoglycemia and mild hypoglycemia compared with that in patients with euglycemia were 8.18 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.39–27.96; P = 0.001) and 7.56 (95% CI, 2.96–19.35; P < 0.001), respectively.ConclusionSeptic patients with severe hypoglycemia had significantly higher mortality compared with patients with euglycemia.
Biosynthetic Structural Proteins with Super Plasticity, Extraordinary Mechanical Performance, Biodegradability, Biocompatibility and Information Storage Ability
Authors: Su Juanjuan , Zhao Kelu , Ren Yubin , Zhao Lai , Wei Bo , Liu Bin , Zhang Yi , Wang Fan , Li Jingjing , Liu Yawei , Liu Kai , Zhang Hongjie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDegradable bioplastics have attracted growing interest worldwide. However, it is challenging to develop bioplastics with a simple processing procedure, strong mechanical performance, good biocompatibility, and adjustable physicochemical properties. Herein, we introduced structural proteins as building blocks and developed a simple environmentally friendly approach to fabricate diverse protein‐based plastics. A cost‐effective and high‐level production approach was developed through batch fermentation of Escherichia coli to produce the biomaterials. These bioplastics possess super plasticity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and high resistance to organic solvents. Their structural and mechanical properties can be precisely controlled. Besides, high density information storage and hemostatic applications were realized in the bioplastic system. The customizable bioplastics have great potential for applications in numerous fields and are capable to scale up to the industrial level.
Gating Effects for Ion Transport in Three‐Dimensional Functionalized Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Yu Xiuqin , Li Cuiyan , Chang Jianhong , Wang Yujie , Xia Weifeng , Suo Jinquan , Guan Xinyu , Valtchev Valentin , Yan Yushan , Qiu Shilun , Fang Qianrong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe development of bioinspired nano/subnano‐sized (<2 nm) ion channels is still considered a great challenge due to the difficulty in precisely controlling pore's internal structure and chemistry. Herein, for the first time, we report that three‐dimensional functionalized covalent organic frameworks (COFs) can act as an effective nanofluidic platform for intelligent modulation of the ion transport. By strategic attachment of 12‐crown‐4 groups to the monomers as ion‐driver door locks, we demonstrate that gating effects of functionalized COFs can be activated by lithium ions. The obtained materials exhibit an outstanding selective ion transmission performance with a high gating ratio (up to 23.6 for JUC‐590), which is among the highest values in metal ion‐activated solid‐state nanochannels reported so far. Furthermore, JUC‐590 offers high tunability, selectivity, and recyclability of ion transport proved by the experimental and simulated studies.
Solvent‐Influenced Fragmentations in Free‐Standing Three‐Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework Membranes for Hydrophobicity Switching
Authors: Mohammed Abdul Khayum , Al Khoori Ayesha A. , Addicoat Matthew A. , Varghese Sabu , Othman Israa , Jaoude Maguy Abi , Polychronopoulou Kyriaki , Baias Maria , Haija Mohammad Abu , Shetty Dinesh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe ordered open organic frameworks membranes are attractive candidates for flow‐assisted molecular separations. The physicochemical properties of such membranes mostly depend on their selectively chosen functional building blocks. In this work, we have introduced a novel concept of functional switchability of three‐dimensional covalent organic framework (3D‐COF) membranes through a simple solvent‐influenced fragmentation method. This room‐temperature interfacial synthesis provides free‐standing 3D‐COF membranes with distinct physicochemical properties from the same building monomers. Notably, the change of solvent from chloroform to ethyl acetate switches the membrane property from hydrophilic (water contact angle 60°) to hydrophobic (water contact angle 142°) nature. The hydrophobic 3D‐COF membrane selectively passes oil molecules from an oil–water emulsion with a gravitational flux of 1536 L m−2 h−1.
Continuous‐Flow Synthesis of (R)‐Tamsulosin Utilizing Sequential Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Saito Yuki , Nishizawa Ken , Laroche Benjamin , Ishitani Haruro , Kobayashi Shū 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe describe the continuous‐flow synthesis of (R)‐tamsulosin, a blockbuster therapeutic drug employed for dysuria associated with urinary stones and benign prostatic hyperplasia, by utilizing sequential heterogeneous catalysis. Two heterogeneous catalysts have been developed for the synthesis, and the key step involves reductive amination of nitriles using dimethylpolysilane‐modified Pd on activated carbon/calcium phosphate. Overall, (R)‐tamsulosin was obtained in 60 % yield and 64 % ee (99 % ee after recrystallization) in a flow stream through four catalytic transformations without the need for the isolation or purification of any intermediates or byproduct.
Identification of histological threshold concepts in health sciences curricula: Students' perception
Authors: Martin‐Piedra Miguel A. , Saavedra‐Casado Salvador , Santisteban‐Espejo Antonio , Campos Fernando , Chato‐Astrain Jesus , Garcia‐Garcia Oscar Dario , Sanchez‐Porras David , Luna del Castillo Juan de Dios , Rodriguez Ismael Angel , Campos Antonio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractStudents' metacognitive skills and perceptions are considered important variables for high‐quality learning. In this study, students' perceptions were used to identify histological threshold concepts (integrative, irreversible, transformative, and troublesome) in three health sciences curricula. A specific questionnaire was developed and validated to characterize students' perceptions of histological threshold concepts. A sample of 410 undergraduate students enrolled in the dentistry, medicine, and pharmacy degree programs participated in the study. Concepts assessed in the study were clustered to ten categories (factors) by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Concepts linked to tissue organization and tissue functional states received the highest scores from students in all degree programs, suggesting that the process of learning histology requires the integration of both static concepts related to the constituent elements of tissues and dynamic concepts such as stem cells as a tissue renewal substrate, or the euplasic, proplasic and retroplasic states of tissues. The complexity of integrating static and dynamic concepts may pose a challenging barrier to the comprehension of histology. In addition, several differences were detected among the students in different degree programs. Dentistry students more often perceived morphostructural concepts as threshold concepts, whereas medical students highlighted concepts related to two‐dimensional microscopic identification. Lastly, pharmacy students identified concepts related to tissue general activity as critical for the comprehension and learning of histology. The identification of threshold concepts through students' perceptions is potentially useful to improve the teaching and learning process in health sciences curricula.
Expanding the upper‐temperature boundary for the microalga Picochlorum sp. (BPE23) by adaptive laboratory evolution
Authors: Barten Robin , Peeters Teun , Navalho Sofia , Fontowicz Louis , Wijffels Rene H. , Barbosa Maria 
Published: January 2022

AbstractClosed photobioreactors reach temperatures that reduce microalgal production or even cause culture collapses. Cooling can maintain the temperature within tolerable boundaries, but cooling is energy‐intensive and expensive. Thermotolerant microalgal strains can reduce dependence on such cooling. In this study, adaptive laboratory evolution was performed for 390 days to further increase the maximal tolerable temperature for the already thermotolerant microalgae Picochlorum sp. (BPE23). The parental wild‐type strain of Picochlorum sp. (BPE23) exhibited a maximum mid‐day growth temperature of 47.5°C, whereas the isolated clones grew up to 49°C. At a lower temperature of 40°C, the growth rate and absorption cross‐sectional area were similar for the wild‐type strain and the evolved clones. Interestingly, the clones showed a 46% increase in cell volume compared to the wild‐type strain. The evolved clones with an expanded upper‐temperature boundary can be applied for broader temperature control of 1.5°C, without trade‐off effects at lower temperatures.