bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual minority disparities in opioid and benzodiazepine misuse among adults with opioid use disorder
Authors: Struble Cara A. , Thomas Kathryn , Stenersen Madeline R. , Moore Kelly E. , Burke Catherine , Pittman Brian , McKee Sherry A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSexual minority individuals demonstrate disparate rates of substance use. Research suggests that bisexual women are vulnerable to substance use disorders when compared to other sexual minority groups. This study explored differences in prevalence of past‐year alcohol use disorder (AUD) with and without concurrent past‐year opioid and/or benzodiazepine misuse.MethodsThe present study utilized responses from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) public dataset between the years 2015–2019 (N = 16,002) to examine the association between sexual orientation and concurrent misuse of opioids and/or benzodiazepines among individuals with past‐year AUD, stratified by sex.ResultsBisexual females demonstrated higher rates of concurrent opioid and benzodiazepine use compared to all other groups. Although there was no association between sexual orientation and concurrent substance use patterns among males, female respondents with past‐year AUD endorsing past‐year misuse of opioids and benzodiazepines, both alone and in combination, were more likely to be bisexual compared to heterosexual. Lesbians were less likely to endorse concurrent misuse of opioids and benzodiazepines compared to bisexual females.Discussion and ConclusionsIn a national sample, bisexual females demonstrated higher odds of risky concurrent substance use patterns. Identifying sexual minority individuals who exhibit elevated risk of co‐occurring alcohol, opioid, and/or benzodiazepine misuse is an important step to targeted prevention efforts and allocation of resources to combat rising overdose deaths.Scientific SignificanceFor the first time, this study explored risky concurrent alcohol, opioid, and benzodiazepine misuse patterns among individuals of different sexual orientations.
KIT D816V is dimerization‐independent and activates downstream pathways frequently perturbed in mastocytosis
Authors: Rajan Vinothkumar , Prykhozhij Sergey V. , Pandey Aditya , Cohen Alejandro M. , Rainey Jan K. , Berman Jason N. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractKIT, a type III tyrosine kinase receptor, plays a crucial role in haematopoietic development. The KIT receptor forms a dimer after ligand binding; this activates tyrosine kinase activity leading to downstream signal transduction. The D816V KIT mutation is extensively implicated in haematological malignancies, including mastocytosis and leukaemia. KIT D816V is constitutively active, but the molecular nuances that lead to constitutive tyrosine kinase activity are unclear. For the first time, we present experimental evidence that the KIT D816V mutant does not dimerize like KIT wild type. We further show evidence of decreased stabilization of the tyrosine kinase domain in the KIT D816V mutant, a phenomenon that might contribute to its constitutive activity. Since the mechanism of KIT D816V activation varies from that of the wild type, we explored downstream signal transduction events and found that even though KIT D816V targets similar signalling moieties, the signalling is amplified in the mutant compared to stem cell factor‐activated wild type receptor. Uniquely, KIT D816V induces infection‐related pathways and the spliceosome pathway, providing alternate options for selective as well as combinatorial therapeutic targeting.
Anticancer effect of locally applicable aptamer‐conjugated gemcitabine‐loaded atelocollagen patch in pancreatic cancer patient–derived xenograft models
Authors: Hong Seung Soo , Lee Sena , Lee Sung Hwan , Kim Seonhowa , Kim Doyoung , Park Hanseul , Lee Jongook , Lee Jung Hwan , Kang Chang Moo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe investigated the anticancer effect of the aptamer‐conjugated gemcitabine‐loaded atelocollagen patch in a pancreatic cancer patient–derived xenograft (PDX) model to propose a future potential adjuvant surgical strategy during curative pancreatic resection for pancreatic cancer. A pancreatic cancer PDX model was established. Animals were grouped randomly into a no‐treatment control group; treatment group treated with intraperitoneal gemcitabine injection (IP‐GEM) or aptamer‐conjugated gemcitabine (APT:GEM); and transplant with three kinds of patches: atelocollagen‐aptamer‐gemcitabine (patch I), atelocollagen‐inactive aptamer‐gemcitabine (patch II), and atelocollagen‐gemcitabine (patch III). Tumor volumes and response were evaluated based on histological analysis by H&E staining and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed. Anticancer therapy–related toxicity was evaluated by hematologic findings. The patch I group showed the most significant reduction of tumor growth rate, compared with the no‐treatment group (p < 0.05). However, other treatment groups were not found to show significant reduction in tumor growth rate (0.05 < p < 0.1). There was no microscopic evidence suggesting potential toxicity, such as inflammation, nor necrotic changes in liver, lung, kidney, and spleen tissue. In addition, no leukopenia, anemia, or neutropenia was observed in the patch I group. This implantable aptamer‐drug conjugate system is thought to be a new surgical strategy to augment the oncologic significance of margin‐negative resection in treating pancreatic cancer in near future.
Parents' priorities and preferences for treatment of children with ADHD: Qualitative inquiry in the MADDY study
Authors: Lu Stacy V. , Leung Brenda M. Y. , Bruton Alisha M. , Millington Elizabeth , alexander e. , Camden Kelsey , Hatsu Irene , Johnstone Jeanette M. , Arnold L. Eugene 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundParents' lived experiences of having a child with ADHD may shape their decision making regarding ADHD treatment options for their child. The aim of this study was to explore parents' experiences of living with a child with ADHD in the family and how their experiences influence their perspectives on treatment preferences and priorities.MethodsA phenomenological qualitative design was used. Semistructured interviews were conducted with parents of children with ADHD who were enrolled in a multisite randomized controlled trial. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and transcripts at each site were double coded. Initial codes were derived directly from the text. Qualitative data were analysed with an inductive approach.ResultsTwenty‐three parents were interviewed: eight from Alberta, Canada; eight from Portland, Oregon, USA; and seven from Columbus, Ohio, USA. Among the parents, 69% were married, 86% completed college education and 52% reported household income over $80,000. Among the children, the mean age was 9.6 years (SD = 1.8 years), 78% were boys and 48% were never medicated for their ADHD. Two major themes emerged from the analysis. Theme 1 was ‘impact of ADHD on families within and outside the home’ with the following subthemes: ‘reconfiguring the home life’, ‘trial‐and‐error of accommodations at school’ and ‘responding to social pressures to fit in’. Theme 2 was ‘enabling appropriate and accessible treatments for families’ with the following subthemes: ‘finding the “right fit” with professionals and treatments’ and ‘factors influencing inequitable access to treatments’.ConclusionsParents described shared experiences and identified similar barriers, preferences and priorities for ADHD treatments regardless of demographic differences by site. Families desired access to family‐centred, multimodal approaches to ADHD treatment. Further research is needed to identify the specific structural changes to healthcare, services and policies that will better support this approach.
Teaching humanitarian logistics with the Disaster Response Game
Authors: Klein Michael G. , Jackson Peter L. , Mazereeuw Miho 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEffective disaster response requires time‐critical decisions to get personnel and supplies to the right places as quickly as possible. Such operations are complicated by the need for coordination among multiple stakeholders. In this teaching brief, we describe a serious online game for humanitarian logistics courses called the “Disaster Response Game.” The game provides students with context, challenges, and command seat experience with simulated life‐and‐death consequences. Our development effort includes the creation of a flexible digital platform for delivering game‐style simulations for undergraduate and graduate education as well as response training within large enterprises. The system has instructional design interfaces for creating a wide range of disaster scenarios including, but not limited to, earthquakes, floods, pandemics, storms, and wildfires. As proof of concept, we built a tropical cyclone scenario and tested the corresponding multiplayer Disaster Response Game with students and subject matter experts. Students found it valuable to be assigned different roles that required collaboration, found the experience to be realistic, and were motivated to minimize casualties as best as they could with available resources. Subject matter experts also found the game to be sound in its instructional design. We seek a community of interested instructors to help develop more scenarios.
Mortality and regeneration of elms in primeval stands of Białowieża National Park, Poland
Authors: Czeszczewik Dorota , Kosiński Ziemowit , Kubicka Katarzyna , Puła Wioleta , Walankiewicz Wiesław 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe outbreaks of Dutch elm disease (DED) in the 20th century have led to a drastic decrease in the population of elms (Ulmus spp.), across Europe and North America. This study aimed to assess the overall health status of elms in the Białowieża National Park (BNP), Poland. Elms, predominantly wych elm Ulmus glabra, constitute only a small proportion of all trees present in the BNP. The diameter at breast height (DBH) of all living and standing dead elms within 22 sample plots in 1997, 2003, 2009 and 2015 was measured. A significant decrease in the population of living elms was observed between 1997 and 2009, but their number stabilized in 2015. The most significant differences were noticed for trees having DBH of 1–40 cm, while noticeable differences were not observed in the thicker trees between study periods. No differences were noted in the number of dead elms between the investigated periods. Moreover, no substantial differences in the basal area of live and dead trees were established. The tree‐size distribution trajectories for live trees were unimodal and moderately positively skewed in all the study periods, with fewer juveniles compared to adults. Although these findings provide evidence for a decline in the population with the progress of years, our observations did not confirm this trend. A remarkable increase in the proportion of the youngest elms was observed in 2015, which suggests the regeneration of wych elms in BNP. Homogenization of tree‐size distribution in different sample plots between 1997 and 2015 indicates that the mortality and growth rates of trees varied locally. Our results demonstrated that DED adversely affected the elm population in BNP at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. However, it is unlikely that this disease would lead to the extinction of elms in this area.
Phylogeographic analysis of Ligidium japonicum (Isopoda: Ligiidae) and its allied species reveals high biodiversity and genetic differentiation in the Kanto region, Japan
Authors: Yoshino Hiroki , Kubota Kohei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractResearch of the diversity and evolutionary history of Japanese soil invertebrates is scarce. Molecular data analysis can help to elucidate species classifications and evolutionary processes. We analyzed the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and nuclear 28S rDNA genes and the morphology of the male pleopod 2 endopod of Ligidium japonicum and its allied species from 67 sites in Hokkaido, Honshu and Shikoku, where only L. japonicum is thought to occur. We found males of the L. japonicum complex with a pleopod 2 endopod morphology matching that of the L. japonicum syntype specimens, except for the number of denticles at the inner margin. There were also more than five species that differed morphologically from the L. japonicum complex, and most of these species had allopatric distributions despite the absence of obvious barriers. A time‐calibrated molecular phylogeny implied that the L. japonicum complex of the Kanto region first differentiated allopatrically in the mountains; this was followed by independent dispersal of three lineages to the Kanto Plain and Boso Peninsula, where secondary contact occurred. Two of the three sympatrically distributed L. japonicum complex lineages had a significant difference in the number of denticles at the inner margin of male pleopod 2 endopods. This variation implies the presence of cryptic species within the L. japonicum complex.
RETRACTED: Auxiliary cognition system‐based management strategy optimization of supply chain of new energy in oil–gas enterprises
Authors: Sun Qian , He Sha 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe work focuses on the optimization of management strategies of energy supply chain in oil–gas enterprises to find out the optimal management strategy and overcome the fragility of the traditional energy supply system. Back propagation neural network (BPNN) is applied to energy supply predicting and energy security early warning in oil–gas enterprises, and the security early warning system is designed based on the auxiliary cognitive system. The security early warning system is used to predict the peak value of oil and gas supply, and then the detection performances and the data security transmission performances of different models are compared and analysed. Finally, a comprehensive evaluation model for security management of oil–gas supply chain based on the neural network is established. It is found that compared with convolutional neural network (CNNs), the improved BPNN model algorithm proposed shows increased accuracy by 5.4%, reduced model training time and test time, and improved accuracy and recall rate. The accuracy, recall rate, and F1 value of the proposed model are 88.48%, 75.88%, and 96.21%, respectively, which were obviously higher than those of the CNN. It suggests that the improved security management model of oil–gas supply chain shows better recognition and prediction accuracy. Based on the quantitative and qualitative analysis results, the optimization suggestions for management strategies in oil–gas enterprises are put forward, which is of strategic significance for improving the security of oil–gas supply.
The power of the market over government officials: Evidence from an anticorruption campaign in China
Authors: Xu Nianhang , Li Nian , Xie Rongrong , Chan Kam C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExploiting a recent anticorruption campaign in China, an event that incentivizes government officials to hide negative news from central inspection teams (CITs), we study whether market participants can counter that. We find that firm‐level information embedded in stock price actually increases during CIT visits, especially in regions with poor legal environments, stronger social connection, or state‐owned firms. Further, media coverage, analyst coverage, and corporate site visits by external stakeholders increase during the CIT visits. Collectively, our findings indicate that the market defeats local government officials’ attempt to hide firm‐specific news.
The contributory role of grammar vs. vocabulary in L2 reading: An SEM approach
Authors: Raeisi‐Vanani Amin , Baleghizadeh Sasan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe present ex post facto correlational research is aimed at exploring the relationship between grammar and vocabulary knowledge components in L2 reading comprehension. The study focuses on two cohorts of EFL students with different proficiency levels: more proficient (\MP) and less proficient (LP). Two dimensions of grammar knowledge are measured: implicit, through timed grammaticality judgment tasks and explicit, through grammatical error correction tasks. Two facets of vocabulary, viz. depth and breadth, are also assessed by Word Associates Test (WAT) and Vocabulary Levels Test (VLT), respectively. Reading comprehension is also tapped by five indicators of vocabulary, detail and negative factual information, main idea and purpose, co‐reference and inference. The data were analyzed through multigroup structural equation modeling, running AMOS. It was revealed that in the MP group, vocabulary knowledge was a better predictor of reading. In the LP group, however, it was unveiled that the role of grammar seemed to be slightly more contributive in predicting reading comprehension juxtaposed with that of vocabulary. Some implications are also discussed at the end.
The experiences of men following recurrent miscarriage in an Irish tertiary hospital: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Harty Tommy , Trench Maria , Keegan Orla , O'Donoghue Keelin , Nuzum Daniel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionMiscarriage is one of the most common complications of pregnancy, and recurrent miscarriage affects approximately 1% of couples. The psychological impact of early pregnancy loss on women has been well documented in the literature; however, the burden of miscarriage on men remains largely unexplored.MethodsThis qualitative research involved semi‐structured interviews with five men whose partners had experienced at least two consecutive miscarriages. Participants were recruited through an early pregnancy loss clinic in a large, tertiary maternity hospital. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.ResultsRecurrent miscarriage had a pronounced psychological impact on all the men interviewed, which worsened with each successive miscarriage. Three primary themes were developed from the data: (1) the deeply emotional experiences of men following recurrent miscarriage; (2) frustrations experienced during the provision of support following recurrent miscarriage; and (3) a sense of feeling unimportant. Lack of timely provision of information about miscarriage as well as lack of access to services were highlighted as deficiencies in the quality of care provided after recurrent miscarriage.ConclusionThe experiences of men after recurrent miscarriage are based largely on their assumed role as the protector and supporter of their partner, which often results in neglect of their own psychological needs. The support required by men is similar to that required by women, and greater access to information and services is needed to improve the experiences of men following recurrent miscarriage.Patient ContributionParticipants were recruited through the Pregnancy Loss Clinic at Cork University Maternity Hospital and were identified by specialist midwives. Participants were approached and interviewed by one of the researchers. Participation was voluntary and the men received no financial contribution for their time.
A novel low‐cost effective trap to capture sarcosaprophagous Diptera alive
Authors: Taleb Meriem , Djedouani Brahim 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Carrion flies are trapped to study their succession pattern and record their diversity or establish laboratory colonies for various purposes. They are typically collected manually, which is not only challenging and time‐consuming, but may also result in incomplete or biased inventories. Passive trapping techniques commonly used damage the specimens and make them difficult to identify.
We describe the construction of a trap to capture sarcosaprophagous Diptera alive. We tested six traps using six rabbit carcasses (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.) per trial over 1 year and recorded the diversity and succession of insects. We also established fly colonies of Lucilia sericata (Meigen) adults using captured individuals.
A total of 27,428 insects (i.e., 8669 specimens in spring, 7969 specimens in summer, 8417 specimens in autumn and 2373 specimens in winter) belonging to 21 families and 43 species were collected over a period of 23, 19, 24 and 30 days in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. The catch consisted mainly of the order Diptera (98.55%), but also Hymenoptera (1.45%). We successfully started a fly colony with 107 individuals in spring and added wild‐type adults every season. The colonies were maintained for 1 year, during which the lifespan of the adult flies varied between 5 and 52 days.
The device is easy to manufacture, low‐cost, robust under field conditions, efficient and time‐saving. It enables large samples to be collected within a short period of time over the entire trial period without affecting its condition or performance.
Impact of diabetes and Krebs von den Lungen‐6 on coronavirus disease 2019 severity: A single‐center study from Japan
Authors: Yakushiji Yosuke , Motoyama Koka , Fukuda Mayu , Takahashi Hisako , Kimura Makiko , Tazoe Satoshi , Iida Hiromi , Tamai Anna , Sakura Takeshi , Isaka Yoshihiro , Fukumoto Mariko , Yamagami Keiko , Nakagawa Hidenori , Shirano Michinori , Hosoi Masayuki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAims/IntroductionDiabetes mellitus is reported as a risk factor for increased coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) severity and mortality, but there have been few reports from Japan. Associations between diabetes mellitus and COVID‐19 severity and mortality were investigated in a single Japanese hospital.Materials and MethodsPatients aged ≥20 years admitted to Osaka City General Hospital for COVID‐19 treatment between April 2020 and March 2021 were included in this retrospective, observational study. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out to examine whether diabetes mellitus contributes to COVID‐19‐related death and severity.ResultsOf the 262 patients included, 108 (41.2%) required invasive ventilation, and 34 (13.0%) died in hospital. The diabetes group (n = 92) was significantly older, more obese, had longer hospital stays, more severe illness and higher mortality than the non‐diabetes group (n = 170). On multivariable logistic regression analysis, age (odds ratio [OR] 1.054, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.023–1.086), body mass index (OR 1.111, 95% CI 1.028–1.201), history of diabetes mellitus (OR 2.429, 95% CI 1.152–5.123), neutrophil count (OR 1.222, 95% CI 1.077–1.385), C‐reactive protein (OR 1.096, 95% CI 1.030–1.166) and Krebs von den Lungen‐6 (OR 1.002, 95% CI 1.000–1.003) were predictors for COVID‐19 severity (R2 = 0.468). Meanwhile, age (OR 1.104, 95% CI 1.037–1.175) and Krebs von den Lungen‐6 (OR 1.003, 95% CI 1.001–1.005) were predictors for COVID‐19‐related death (R2 = 0.475).ConclusionsDiabetes mellitus was a definite risk factor for COVID‐19 severity in a single Japanese hospital treating moderately‐to‐severely ill patients.