bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The potential of vertical extension at the city scale
Authors: Gillott C , Davison J B , Densley Tingley D 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The UK construction sector is central to the climate and housing crises and must now deliver vast amounts of residential accommodation whilst reaching net zero emissions by 2050. Housing provision through the vertical extension of existing buildings offers opportunity to achieve this, reducing embodied carbon emissions and creating more efficient high-density settlements. In England, permitted development (PD) rights allow for residential vertical extensions without the requirement for conventional planning permission. Despite this, and due to limited uptake of PD rights and a lack of existing studies, the potential for housing provision through widespread extension is unknown. This paper develops a framework to assess the ability of vertical extensions in providing housing at different scales and applies this to Sheffield, England. The generation of new dwellings through PD vertical extension could house up to 175,000 in Sheffield, with detached buildings and those in residential use being most suited to extension. PD rights favour the enlargement of existing dwellings over the generation of new residential units, potentially limiting their effectiveness in tackling the housing crisis.
A Circular and Bio-based Renovation Strategy for Low-income Neighbourhoods
Authors: Cihan Kayacetin N , Versele A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The impact of climate change is expected to increase in the following decade. Possible effects on the built environment are identified as urban heat stress, air pollution, extreme weather conditions, etc. As a result, there is an increase in disease and mortality specifically in the cities among the vulnerable citizens such as elderly people and children. Moreover, many cities worldwide are in the evolution of urbanization which leads to increased carbon emissions as well as a demand for more material production and waste. Consequently, the construction industry embodies great potential for reaching the energy and carbon mitigation goals. For regeneration of the built environment, the European directives requires for the renovation of existing building stock as quick as possible. In Flemish context, cities stimulate renovation projects on a systematic and planned basis, by defining ‘urban renovation districts’ which received special financial facilities and subsidizing. Consequently, there is a growing demand for affordable housing in combination with a shortage of qualitative and energy efficient housing opportunities. In the last decades, there has been an intensive effort to develop different retrofit strategies, but there is a lack of comprehensive approach that delivers innovative technical solutions such as circular and bio-based construction methods as a solution to the increased housing demand of vulnerable people. For this purpose, this study combines the efforts of two initiatives, (1) Interreg Circular Bio-Based Construction Industry (CBCI) and (2) the innovative financial policy instrument of subsidy retention for low-income groups (refers to citizens living in poor quality houses with insufficient economic means & social skills to renovate). The study has the ambition to explore the coherence between technical, economical, legal, social aspects for circular urban retrofit strategies. Circular building materials and methods were developed and tested in real-life setting with construction of a prototype living lab (LL) in Technology Campus, Ghent. Depending on the results from the LL, an urban renewal strategy for Flemish districts is proposed by using subsidy retention on macro-economic and social level. The scenario is envisaged as a collective approach with the local community in which the vulnerable users also benefit as direct participants to the research.
Circularity evaluation as guidance for building design
Authors: Nemeth I , Schneider-Marin P , Figl H , Fellner M , Asam C 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Resource scarcity and global warming call for ambitious strategies in the construction sector to meet the ever-growing demand for indoor spaces with minimal resource consumption and positive environmental impacts. In line with the need to introduce circular economy in the construction sector, the German Public Sustainability Certification System (BNB) is revising its indicator for disassembly, separation and reuse. The proposed assessment is intended to guide in the planning process and to point out challenges and potentials of the circular economy by making the complex interactions and requirements comprehensible in detail. The continuity of the assessment from the building material to the building component to the entire building allows users to track the impact of changes made at each level of aggregation. Based on extensive background research, end-of-life categories are assigned to building materials according to their reusability, taking into account assembly techniques and adjacent, associated materials. Example building components illustrate the method and show the impact of design changes. At the building level, the quantity determination of materials in the end-of-life condition allows transparent comparison of different design variants and documents in detail the material inventory for use in building material passports. Future developments envision the inclusion of building services in the circularity assessment, benchmarking of circularity at the building level, and integration of circular qualities into life cycle analysis calculations.
Critical Indigenism as Approach for Sustainable Urbanization
Authors: Stürwald S , Mohamed F , Schmidt W , Reitz J , Maboea D 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Within the next 30 years, cities will grow dramatically. Rural areas will become new urban centers, and open spaces will transform into urban cityscapes. Population growth, demolition of natural landscapes, and urbanization are fuelling the already imminent threat of climate change. Indigenous structures with their own “critical regionalism” touch on a wide range of cultural, economic, and societal aspects. The authors of this paper examine the possible influence of indigenous vernacular structures and the important regional dependencies in African communities. Paradigm would be the use of materials, typologies, building layouts, urban planning, and ecological concepts as well as the question of the importance of a defined urban image. The paper is based on results derived from interdisciplinary and intercultural collaboration within the framework of the Female Academic Leadership Network for Conscious Engineering and Science towards Sustainable Urbanisation FALCONESS.
Urban qualities for dense mixed-use spaces. Theses, case studies and a toolbox for integrated tangible urban planning.
Authors: Schuchert C L , Schwehr P , Gabriel B 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The built environment is under pressure. Climate change, migration and social inequalities challenge previous urban planning concepts and will change our cities. The task is to transform the sustainable city of the future into a climate-friendly and socially just living space. Solving these challenges requires an integrated quality discourse with all actors based on tangible structural-spatial situations. In the BBSR research project “Qualities of Urban Zones”, contributions for an early in-depth quality discourse were developed based on the new building zone category “urban zones”. Urban zones are regarded as a future-oriented concept for sustainable densified districts and a diverse, ever-changing mix of uses. This paper presents the specific context and main findings as “theses of urban quality” as well as potential applications for MU. The authors propose guidelines to improve process quality and illustrate exemplary tangible structural-spatial as well as process-related “design elements”. A toolbox with instructions and templates to design and implement scenario-based workshops supports an integrated quality discourse in urban development.
Matching energy targets, stakeholders’ needs and modelling choices in developing urban energy scenarios
Authors: Maiullari D , Palm A , Wallbaum H , Thuvander L 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In order to meet greenhouse gas reduction goals, cities need to develop robust energy transition strategies relying both on the local capacity of combining social, economic and environmental perspectives in the decision-making process and on the collaboration between different actors to achieve knowledge and data integration. Scenarios are well-established methodological instruments to guide decisions in energy and spatial planning and have been employed to compare possible future pathways and envision the consequences of implementing decarbonization measures. However, qualitative and quantitative scenarios approaches are often disconnected. With the primary goal of supporting the implementation of the energy plan, this study develops for the City of Gothenburg a participatory method to support the alignment of qualitative and quantitative scenarios approaches. Decarbonization actions and drivers of change were discussed and prioritized in workshop sessions with representatives from the energy supplier(s), municipal administrations (city planners, environmental department), and researchers to develop relevant qualitative scenarios descriptions. Based on this, a list of requirements for quantitative scenarios analysis is developed to be, in a next step, translated and integrated into urban building energy models. Findings indicate the importance of early knowledge integration from different fields and highlight the lines of advancement in urban energy modelling to facilitate decision-making towards successful implementation of decarbonization targets.
Integration of life-cycle assessment in a multimodal building design approach
Authors: Apellániz D , Aziz S , Weber M , Brechenmacher E , Ogarkova S , Gengnagel C 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDecades of rapid and widespread digitization of our living and working environments have not yet brought about a comprehensive qualitative improvement of our built environment in terms of sustainability and functional and aesthetic performance. The designs of the future must be much more consistently concerned with optimizing the multimodal performance of human spaces. This paper presents a design approach to implement and combine life-cycle assessment with different simulation methods such as energy efficiency, daylight analysis, acoustics, noise insulation, structural analysis and fire protection in order to provide the designer with tools to evaluate how architectural decisions affect the building performance and its environmental impacts. This approach was applied by the architecture students of a master course at the Universität der Künste Berlin. They were given the program of a building to be constructed in the Siemensstadt in Berlin and they implemented this methodology to come up with different sustainable designs. This paper also discusses the results of this course and empathizes how the implementation of simulation tools does not constrain the possibilities of the design process, but it enriches it and leads to a more sustainable built environment.
Energy – Comfort – Environment: What matters most? A multi-criteria assessment of a residential apartment
Authors: Manolitsis A , Zacharis A , Atsonios I , Detsi M , Bonou A , Stamatiadou M , Mandilaras I , Founti M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this study, a multi-criteria assessment approach is performed for a residential apartment located in Athens, for a combination of different energy systems, building envelope and shading systems. 24 alternative cases in total are fully simulated via EnergyPlus software aiming to the calculation Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) in terms of energy consumption for heating and cooling, thermal comfort, visual comfort and environmental impact. The results of KPIs are fed to a decision-making process that takes into consideration the preferences of stakeholders. The optimum solution is selected by the use of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). In the most optimum scenario, the potential of primary energy savings and CO2 emissions are approximately 35% while the discomfort hours for thermal and visual comfort are respectively 17% and 67% less than the cases with the worst comfort conditions. The results suggest that such a multi-criteria assessment approach can be useful at an early stage of building design or renovation in order to better inform decisions and avoid sub optimizations.
Mission accomplished? – 6 Years of InData - International open Database Network Structure for Sustainable Construction
Authors: Brockmann T 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
InData (International open data network for sustainable construction) started in 2015 as a voluntary initiative with the goal to establish an International open Database Network Structure for construction products based on EPD (environmental product declaration) information. In 2022 InData can proof its results by its release of the InData network with international participating databases. A key precondition was offering and giving support for producing machine readable EPD/LCA (life cycle assessment) data in a harmonized data format. All participants of the InData Network have comitted to the format, including compliance rules. Beyond that, the works of InData have international significant relevance, as InData could implement its works in Standardization. And also, further key stakeholders have adopted the concept of an open database network structure. In this paper, the goals, results, and their relevance, as possible future key issues are presented.
Model projects as tools for cooperative urban development: The case of Haus der Statistik in Berlin.
Authors: Gundlach K , Marlow F , Peters N , Wall R 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
According to the New Leipzig Charter, urban development processes should be ‘a matter of all’ – the common good, climate protection and environmental justice, to name but a few aspects. Currently, new forms of innovation seeking models emerge within this context of sustainable urban planning practice - for example, real-world field laboratories and model projects. Haus der Statistik in Berlin is one such ‘model project for cooperative and common-good-oriented urban development’. It is widely recognized for its demand- and process-driven approach, as well as its project development being based on public-civic partnership. As anthropological and urbanist researchers and practitioners involved in the project, we give a situated account on the socio-political elements of the Haus der Statistik’s public-civic partnership and investigate the potentials of this model for a more sustainable urban development. The structure of the paper is threefold: Firstly, we introduce the so-called model project Haus der Statistik and its common-good orientated agenda and relate it to sustainability goals of the New Leipzig Charter. Secondly, we introduce the specific public-civic-framework in regard to its methodological framing within the context of model projects and comparable approaches that focus on collaborative, transdisciplinary and innovative methods, such as real-world field laboratories. Thirdly, we reflect on the elements of the public-civic-partnership framework that have been explored and developed at the ‘model project’ Haus der Statistik since 2015 and its implications for a more sustainable urban development.
Planning for sharing neighbourhoods – Negotiating sustainable transition with adaptive governance models
Authors: Baer D , Lindkvist C 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Thorough sharing is discussed as a promise concept to reduce emissions and enable sustainable development, little is known how the diverse approaches of sharing ranging from Collective Commons to the Sharing Economy can be incorporated in the development of the built environment. In this study, we set the spotlight on sharing and how it could be implemented as a guiding principle in neighbourhood development. We build our study on an empirical case study within the new planned zero emission neighbourhood development of Ydalir within the city of Elverum, Norway. Building on document analysis, accompanying research and a one-day workshop with diverse stakeholders, we identified respective sharing solutions to create social value for future Ydalir residents. The findings let us draw the picture of an adaptive governance model to initiate and facilitate sharing within a multi-stakeholder setting of a new planned neighbourhood development.
Life cycle assessment of tunnel structures: Assessment of the New Austrian Tunnelling Method using a case study
Authors: Hopf Bernhard W. , Hoxha Endrit , Scherz Marco , Heichinger Harald , Kreiner Helmuth , Passer Alexander 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
One important measure to combat progressing climate change is compliance with and under no circumstances to exceed the decreasing greenhouse gas budget. Every economic sector must strive to make its ecological contribution to achieve this objective. The construction sector is largely responsible for these negative environmental burdens. Although tunnels are considered to have extensive energy and material consumptions the literature has failed to present their environmental impacts. Aimed at this knowledge gap, the objective of this study is to present the life cycle assessment (LCA) of a tunnel construction project situated in Bulgaria. The study analyzes the impacts of the New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM) using the case study “Modernization of Railway Section Elin Pelin-Kostenets – Lot 3”. Moreover, by applying dominance and sensitivity analyses, the environmental drivers and optimization potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions are identified. The results show that steel, shotcrete, and concrete, contribute the most to the global warming potential indicator and are responsible for 85% of this. Furthermore, the life cycle stages for the production of materials and components have a share close to 85 % of the total global warming potential. These findings may help future tunnelling construction projects to improve the environmental performance and thus to combat the alarming development of climate change.
Influence of traffic load on the environmental impacts of roads: A1 and A2 highways in Austria
Authors: Hoxha E , Scherz M , Passer A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Professionals should aim to significantly reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by implementing the best road construction technologies to develop low-carbon projects. Although the traffic loads vary over the road length, the environmental impacts are assessed based on the average values of the traffic loads. Consequently, there is a gap between reality and the impacts calculated with fixed traffic load. This paper aims to assess the gap in terms of the environmental impacts of two roads by considering both a constant and a variable traffic load. With the help of a life cycle assessment (LCA), the environmental impacts of the A1 and A2 highways in Austria are calculated. We have calculated the impacts in the first scenario by considering an average traffic load. In the second scenario, based on real measurements, the environmental impacts of both highways are calculated for a variable traffic load. In the end, the results show a gap in the range of 25 %. This difference was because some parts of the roads required frequent repair. Besides, we figured out the optimal thickness of the wearing course, which improves the impact calculation and makes it less likely that the results will be different along the length of the road.
Aligning actors in a road renovation project by a co-design process: the road to circularity?
Authors: Entrop A G , Hagen L , van Leeuwen J P 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In a circular economy, the aim is to close material loops that retain the highest utility, quality, and value of products, components, and materials. The environmental impact of the material used in constructing, maintaining, and renovating roads is severe. Within the European H2020 project CityLoops, the municipality of Apeldoorn prepares a circular road renovation project, yet wonders: how to align the actors in public infrastructural projects to come to a circular and, at the same time, executable project? A literature study and experiment were conducted. The experiment consisted of a co-design process aiming for the renovation of a residential road constructed in the late seventies. When conducting road renovation, multiple departments within the municipal organization and different external organizations need to collaborate. To them, circular material usage was introduced as a new specific sustainable objective, while traditional constraints, like time and costs, remained. It was visualized in a process journey, showing who is expected to meet which collaborative milestones and when. The insights from this experiment might help other municipalities, principals, and contractors to come to circular design processes in the road construction industry.
Ecological performance of reusable load-bearing constructions
Authors: Fadai A , Stephan D 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study provides an overview of sustainable reusable load-bearing constructions as a contribution to the debate over whether building construction provides the building industry with the best and most environmentally friendly qualities. By contrasting their building-specific features, it demonstrates the benefits and drawbacks of particular structural elements and envelope solutions and ecological aspects using various system boundaries of life-cycle assessment (LCA). Following a careful consideration of ecological factors and sustainable circular economy criteria, a structural component that is sustainably optimized is defined. This component should be chosen based on external conditions. By selecting environmentally friendly building materials and proper connecting procedures that enable separability, resource-efficient and sustainable buildings can be achieved. Both the selection of load-bearing elements and the necessary insulating material have a significant impact on the ecological performance and reusability options of the components. The elements of homogeneity, separability, and pollutant-freeness play a significant influence in the reuse process, namely in terms of details and construction type in general, as well as the ways of reusing and recycling them. Sustainable solutions for load-bearing building components can be created by simultaneously investigating environmentally friendly building materials and the structure of the components. This paper illustrates how the natural resources can be used both optimally and sustainably. It presents a conceptual framework for scenario development of the LCA of load-bearing structures, their effect on the design and decision-making process. There is a potential of increasing total resource efficiency at the building level with a suitable combination of the material components employed at the component level. Because of this, the overall energy efficiency and its consequent ecological impacts are the main topics of this study.