bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two co‐dominant nitrogen‐fixing cyanobacteria demonstrate distinct acclimation and adaptation responses to cope with ocean warming
Authors: Qu Ping‐Ping , Fu Fei‐Xue , Wang Xin‐Wei , Kling Joshua D. , Elghazzawy Mariam , Huh Megan , Zhou Qian‐Qian , Wang Chunguang , Mak Esther Wing Kwan , Lee Michael D. , Yang Nina , Hutchins David A. 
Published: January 2022

SummaryThe globally dominant N2‐fixing cyanobacteria Trichodesmium and Crocosphaera provide vital nitrogen supplies to subtropical and tropical oceans, but little is known about how they will be affected by long‐term ocean warming. We tested their thermal responses using experimental evolution methods during 2 years of selection at optimal (28°C), supra‐optimal (32°C) and suboptimal (22°C) temperatures. After several hundred generations under thermal selection, changes in growth parameters, as well as N and C fixation rates, suggested that Trichodesmium did not adapt to the three selection temperature regimes during the 2‐year evolution experiment, but could instead rapidly and reversibly acclimate to temperature shifts from 20°C to 34°C. In contrast, over the same timeframe apparent thermal adaptation was observed in Crocosphaera, as evidenced by irreversible phenotypic changes as well as whole‐genome sequencing and variant analysis. Especially under stressful warming conditions (34°C), 32°C‐selected Crocosphaera cells had an advantage in survival and nitrogen fixation over cell lines selected at 22°C and 28°C. The distinct strategies of phenotypic plasticity versus irreversible adaptation in these two sympatric diazotrophs are both viable ways to maintain fitness despite long‐term temperature changes, and so could help to stabilize key ocean nitrogen cycle functions under future warming scenarios.
Aging‐related cell type‐specific pathophysiologic immune responses that exacerbate disease severity in aged COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Hou Yuan , Zhou Yadi , Jehi Lara , Luo Yuan , Gack Michaela U. , Chan Timothy A. , Yu Haiyuan , Eng Charis , Pieper Andrew A. , Cheng Feixiong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is especially severe in aged patients, defined as 65 years or older, for reasons that are currently unknown. To investigate the underlying basis for this vulnerability, we performed multimodal data analyses on immunity, inflammation, and COVID‐19 incidence and severity as a function of age. Our analysis leveraged age‐specific COVID‐19 mortality and laboratory testing from a large COVID‐19 registry, along with epidemiological data of ~3.4 million individuals, large‐scale deep immune cell profiling data, and single‐cell RNA‐sequencing data from aged COVID‐19 patients across diverse populations. We found that decreased lymphocyte count and elevated inflammatory markers (C‐reactive protein, D‐dimer, and neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio) are significantly associated with age‐specific COVID‐19 severities. We identified the reduced abundance of naïve CD8 T cells with decreased expression of antiviral defense genes (i.e., IFITM3 and TRIM22) in aged severe COVID‐19 patients. Older individuals with severe COVID‐19 displayed type I and II interferon deficiencies, which is correlated with SARS‐CoV‐2 viral load. Elevated expression of SARS‐CoV‐2 entry factors and reduced expression of antiviral defense genes (LY6E and IFNAR1) in the secretory cells are associated with critical COVID‐19 in aged individuals. Mechanistically, we identified strong TGF‐beta‐mediated immune–epithelial cell interactions (i.e., secretory‐non‐resident macrophages) in aged individuals with critical COVID‐19. Taken together, our findings point to immuno‐inflammatory factors that could be targeted therapeutically to reduce morbidity and mortality in aged COVID‐19 patients.
‘Dear Doctor’: a randomised controlled trial of a text message intervention to reduce burnout in trainee anaesthetists
Authors: Brazier A. , Larson E. , Xu Y. , Judah G. , Egan M. , Burd H. , Darzi A. 
Published: January 2022

SummaryOne in four doctors in training in the UK reports feeling ‘burnt out’ due to their work and similar figures are reported in other countries. This two‐group non‐blinded randomised controlled trial aimed to determine if a novel text message intervention could reduce burnout and increase well‐being in UK trainee anaesthetists. A total of 279 trainee anaesthetists (Core Training Year 2, Specialty Training Years 3 or 4) were included. All participants received one initial message sharing support resources. The intervention group (139 trainees) received 22 fortnightly text messages over approximately 10 months. Messages drew on 11 evidence‐based themes including: gratitude; social support; self‐efficacy; and self‐compassion. Primary outcomes were burnout (Copenhagen Burnout Inventory) and well‐being (Short Warwick‐Edinburgh Mental Well‐being Scale). Secondary outcomes were as follows: meaning in work; professional value; sickness absence; and consideration of career break. Outcomes were measured via online surveys. Measures of factors that may have affected well‐being were included post‐hoc, including the impact of COVID‐19 (the first UK wave of which coincided with the second half of the trial). The final survey was completed by 153 trainees (74 in the intervention and 79 in the control groups). There were no significant group differences in: burnout (β = ‐1.82, 95%CI ‐6.54–2.91, p = 0.45); well‐being (‐0.52, ‐1.73–0.69, p = 0.40); meaning (‐0.09, ‐0.67–0.50, p = 0.77); value (‐0.01, ‐0.67–0.66, p = 0.99); sick days (0.88, ‐2.08–3.83, p = 0.56); or consideration of career break (OR = 0.44, ‐0.30–1.18, p = 0.24). Exploratory post‐hoc analysis found the intervention was associated with reduced burnout in participants reporting personal or work‐related difficulties during the trial period (‐9.56, ‐17.35 to ‐1.77, p = 0.02) and in participants reporting that the COVID‐19 pandemic had a big negative impact on their well‐being (‐10.38, ‐20.57 to ‐0.19, p = 0.05). Overall, this trial found the intervention had no impact. However, given this intervention is low cost and requires minimal time commitment from recipients, it may warrant adaptation and further evaluation.
Restoring erectile function by combined treatment with JNK inhibitor and HDAC inhibitor in a rat model of cavernous nerve injury
Authors: Lee Junghoon , Cho Min Chul , Son Hwancheol , Kim Soo Woong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe main pathophysiologic conditions of erectile dysfunction (ED) after radical prostatectomy are considered to be corporal fibrosis and apoptosis induced by cavernosal nerve (CN) injury.ObjectivesIn a rat model of CN crush injury (CNCI), we investigated whether combination treatment with JNK inhibitor (JNKi), SP600125, and HDAC inhibitor (HDACi), suberoylanilide‐hydroxamic‐7 acid (SAHA), for 2 weeks after CNCI would restore erectile function by suppressing fibrosis and apoptosis through normalization of JNK and HDAC pathways.Materials and methodsSeventy 12‐week‐old rats were randomly divided into five groups: Sham surgery, CNCI alone, CNCI treated with daily intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg JNKi, CNCI treated with daily oral administration of 25.0 mg/kg HDACi, and CNCI daily treated with a combination. Two weeks after CNCI, we investigated the erectile response to electrostimulation and conducted histological staining, caspase‐3 activity assay, and western blot analysis.ResultsCNCI alone resulted in significantly reduced intracavernosal pressure/mean arterial pressure (MAP) and area under the curve/MAP, decreased smooth muscle (SM)/collagen ratio and SM content, higher caspase‐3 activity, and increased protein levels of total HDAC3, transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β, fibronectin, and c‐Jun phosphorylation, compared with the Sham surgery. The CNCI groups exposed to JNKi, HDACi or both showed improvements in erectile‐responses and SM/collagen ratio, compared to the CNCI alone. The combined treatment showed additional improvement in erectile responses at 1.0V stimulation and in SM/collagen ratio compared to the single agent treatment. SM content, caspase‐3 activity, and c‐Jun phosphorylation improved in the two CNCI groups exposed to JNKi. The two CNCI groups exposed to HDACi showed normalization of protein levels of HDAC3, fibronectin, and TGF‐β.Discussion and conclusionsThe combined administration of JNKi and HDACi during the acute phase after CNCI in rats can preserve ED by suppressing cavernosal fibrosis and apoptosis by normalizing the HDAC/TGF‐β and JNK pathways.
A day in the life of a college student during the COVID‐19 pandemic: An experience sampling approach to emotion regulation
Authors: Lohani Monika , Dutton Sam , Elsey Jamie S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCOVID‐19 has contributed to unexpected stressors in daily life, and emotion regulation is an important area of research during and post‐pandemic to gain knowledge of the effect of the pandemic on emotion regulatory processes. We adopted an ecologically valid approach to collect 10 experience sampling events within the same day to examine how college students regulated their emotions on a typical weekday during the pandemic and the simultaneous hedonic association of these strategies on their affective experience. Several emotion regulation strategies (including acceptance, calming, reappraisal, problem solving, and social sharing) were associated with increased positivity or reduced negativity that may be better for psychological health. In contrast, other emotion regulation strategies (including rumination, experiential avoidance, catastrophizing, lack of clarity, self‐blaming, and other‐blaming) were associated with increased negativity or reduced positivity that may worsen psychological health. In these findings, self‐reported stress was a crucial contextual moderator to consider while understanding the relationship between emotion regulation strategies and experienced affect. The current study documents variability in affect in response to stressors experienced by college students even within a single day and provides a real‐world perspective on the emotion regulation strategies that were adaptive and maladaptive in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic.
NAFLD‐related gene polymorphisms and all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality in an Asian population: the Shanghai Changfeng Study
Authors: Xia Mingfeng , Ma Shuai , Huang Qingxia , Zeng Hailuan , Ge Jieyu , Xu Wenjie , Wu Qi , Wu Li , Li Xiaoming , Ma Hui , Chen Lingyan , Li Qian , Aleteng Qiqige , Hu Yu , He Wanyuan , Pan Baishen , Lin Huandong , Zheng Yan , Wang Sijia , Tang Huiru , Gao Xin 
Published: January 2022

SummaryBackgroundThe PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 gene variants have been found to cause NAFLD with a favourable cardiovascular risk profile.AimsTo investigate the effects of the NAFLD risk alleles on the all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality in 5581 Chinese adults.MethodsThe genome‐wide genotypes were detected using a genotyping array and serum lipoprotein profiles were examined using 1H NMR platform. Liver fat content (LFC) was measured using a quantitative ultrasound method. The vital status was determined using official registration data.ResultsGenome‐wide association analysis showed that a series of variants in PNPLA3 were associated with LFC, including rs738409 C>G variant (P = 8.6 × 10−7). Further analyses validated the associations of TM6SF2 rs58542926 C>T and MBOAT7 rs641738 C>T variants with NAFLD. During 29 425.1 person‐years of follow‐up, the overall mortality was 816 per 100 000 person‐years, where 299 deaths were attributable to cardiovascular disease and 85 to liver disease. The PNPLA3 rs738409 C>G variant was independently associated with increased liver‐specific mortality (P for trend = 0.034) but reduced cardiovascular mortality (P for trend = 0.047). A composite genetic‐predisposition score of PNPLA3, TM6SF2, and MBOAT7 risk alleles presented similar opposite effects on liver‐specific and cardiovascular mortality. Moreover, interactions of the NAFLD risk alleles with adiposity for liver‐specific mortality were found (Pinteraction < 0.05). The reduced serum VLDL1 concentration was responsible for the increased liver‐specific mortality related to NAFLD risk alleles.ConclusionThe PNPLA3 rs738409 C>G variant and its combination with TM6SF2 rs58542926 C>T and MBOAT7 rs641738 C>T variants increase liver‐specific mortality but reduce cardiovascular mortality in overweight/obese Chinese.
Linking drug and food addiction via compulsive appetite
Authors: Laque Amanda , Wagner Grant E. , Matzeu Alessandra , De Ness Genna L. , Kerr Tony M. , Carroll Ayla M. , de Guglielmo Giordano , Nedelescu Hermina , Buczynski Matthew W. , Gregus Ann M. , Jhou Thomas C. , Zorrilla Eric P. , Martin‐Fardon Remi , Koya Eisuke , Ritter Robert C. , Weiss Friedbert , Suto Nobuyoshi 
Published: January 2022

Background and Purpose‘Food addiction’ is the subject of intense public and research interest. However, this nosology based on neurobehavioural similarities among obese individuals, patients with eating disorders and those with substance use disorders (drug addiction) remains controversial. We thus sought to determine which aspects of disordered eating are causally linked to preclinical models of drug addiction. We hypothesized that extensive drug histories, known to cause addiction‐like brain changes and drug motivation in rats, would also cause addiction‐like food motivation.Experimental ApproachRats underwent extensive cocaine, alcohol, caffeine or obesogenic diet histories and were subsequently tested for punishment‐resistant food self‐administration or ‘compulsive appetite’, as a measure of addiction‐like food motivation.Key ResultsExtensive cocaine and alcohol (but not caffeine) histories caused compulsive appetite that persisted long after the last drug exposure. Extensive obesogenic diet histories also caused compulsive appetite, although neither cocaine nor alcohol histories caused excess calorie intake and bodyweight during abstinence. Hence, compulsive appetite and obesity appear to be dissociable, with the former sharing common mechanisms with preclinical drug addiction models.Conclusion and ImplicationsCompulsive appetite, as seen in subsets of obese individuals and patients with binge‐eating disorder and bulimia nervosa (eating disorders that do not necessarily result in obesity), appears to epitomize ‘food addiction’. Because different drug and obesogenic diet histories caused compulsive appetite, overlapping dysregulations in the reward circuits, which control drug and food motivation independently of energy homeostasis, may offer common therapeutic targets for treating addictive behaviours across drug addiction, eating disorders and obesity.
Depression and sleep disorders among AIDS orphans in an HIV/AIDS high‐epidemic area in China
Authors: Li Shiying , Xu Xiaohe , Lai Shimin , Song Shasha , Liu Qiaolan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture is home to the largest population of Yi ethnic minority within mainland China. Due to the high HIV/AIDS epidemic, many Yi children become AIDS orphans who lost one or both parents to AIDS‐related causes. This study explored the prevalence and correlates of AIDS orphans' depressive symptom, sleep disorders and their comorbidity.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted to collect pertinent information from 467 AIDS orphans and 856 non‐orphans of Yi ethnic minority. Depressive symptoms were screened by a two‐item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐2). The symptoms of insomnia were assessed by the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), which was complemented by one item from the Pittsburgh Quality Sleep Index (PSQI) to measure the frequency of nightmare.ResultsThe prevalence of depression (26.8% vs. 20.4%, P = 0.009) and comorbidity of depression, insomnia and nightmare (7.5% vs. 4.3%, P = 0.046) was significantly higher for AIDS orphans than for non‐orphans. Risk factors such as ostracization and self‐reported poor physical health had stronger effects on depressive symptoms and sleep disorders for AIDS orphans than for non‐orphans. On the other hand, peer support, as an important protective factor, was significantly and negatively associated with depressive symptoms and sleep disorders for AIDS orphans.ConclusionsAIDS orphans of Yi ethnic minority reported higher levels of depressive symptoms and comorbidity of depression and sleep disorders than their non‐orphan counterparts. These symptoms were exacerbated by ostracization and self‐rated poor physical health but lowered by peer support.
Analytical Model for Heat Transfer in a Discrete Parallel Fracture–Rock Matrix System
Authors: Zhou Renjie , Wang Quanrong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMass transport and heat transfer in the single fracture situated in the rock matrix have been investigated extensively in the past decades. Extended from the single fracture, the model of parallel fractures in the rock matrix considers the interactions of multiple fractures and the ambient rock matrix. Heat transfer in such discrete fractures is important to understand thermal energy transfer in the fractured porous media. In this study, an analytical solution is developed for transient heat transfer in discrete parallel fractures in the rock matrix. The newly proposed model accounts for thermal convection, conduction, and dispersion in the fractures, transverse thermal conduction in the rock matrix, and the interactions between parallel fractures. The analytical solutions of the spatiotemporal temperature distributions in the fractures and rock matrix are derived in the Laplace domain and verified with the previous study. The results illustrate that: (1) the fracture aperture and spacing are important to the temperature evolutions in the system. Heat transfers faster when discrete parallel fractures are wide and closely spaced; (2) different roles of longitudinal thermal conduction are observed at high and low flow velocities in the fractures; (3) thermal dispersivity in the fractures is important for temperature evolution and should not be ignored; (4) when the fractures are closely spaced, transverse thermal conduction in the rock matrix has minor influence on fracture temperature. It becomes important when the fractures are sparsely distributed; and (5) the sensitivity analysis indicates that the parallel fracture–rock matrix is most sensitive to fracture thermal dispersivity.
Development of a multiplex TaqMan qPCR targeting unique genomic regions for the specific and sensitive detection of Pectobacterium species and P. parmentieri
Authors: Arizala Dario , Dobhal Shefali , Babler Brooke , Crockford Alex B. , Rioux Renee A. , Alvarez Anne M. , Arif Mohammad 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Aim
The newly defined species Pectobacterium parmentieri has emerged as an aggressive pathogen that causes soft rot and blackleg diseases on potato and has been widely disseminated across the globe, jeopardizing the productivity and potato food safety. The implementation of a fast and accurate detection tool is imperative to control, monitor and prevent further spread of these pathogens. The objective of this work was to develop a specific and sensitive multiplex TaqMan qPCR to detect P. parmentieri and distinguish it from all known Pectobacterium species. A universal internal control was included to enhance the reliability of the assay.

Methods and Results
A comparative genomics approach was used to identify O-acetyltransferase and the XRE family transcriptional regulator as specific targets for primers/probe design for the detection of the Pectobacterium genus and P. parmentieri, respectively. Specificity was assessed with 35 and 25 strains included in the inclusivity and exclusivity panels, respectively, isolated from different geographical locations and sources. The assay specifically detected all 35 strains of Pectobacterium sp. and all 15 P. parmentieri strains. No cross-reactivity was detected during assay validation. Our assay detected up to 10 fg genomic DNA and 1 CFU ml−1 bacterial culture. No change in the detection threshold (1 CFU ml−1) was observed in spiked assays after adding host tissue to the reactions. The assay was validated with naturally and artificially infected host tissues and soil rhizosphere samples. All infected plant samples containing the target pathogens were accurately amplified.

Conclusion
The presented multiplex TaqMan qPCR diagnostic assay is highly specific, sensitive, reliable for the detection of Pectobacterium species and P. parmentieri with no false positives or false negatives.

Significance and Impact of the Study
The developed assay can be adopted for multiple purposes such as seed certification programmes, surveillance, biosecurity, microbial forensics, quarantine, border protection, inspections and epidemiology.
Ferroptosis‐related gene NOX4, CHAC1 and HIF1A are valid biomarkers for stomach adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xiao Ruoxi , Wang Shasha , Guo Jing , Liu Shihai , Ding Aiping , Wang Gongjun , Li Wenqian , Zhang Yuqi , Bian Xiaoqian , Zhao Shufen , Qiu Wensheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFerroptosis is a regulated cell death nexus linking metabolism, redox biology and diseases including cancer. The aim of the present study was to identify a ferroptosis‐related gene prognostic signature for stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) by systematic analysis of transcriptional profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), GEO and a clinical cohort from our centre. We developed a predictive model based on three ferroptosis‐related genes (CHAC1, NOX4 and HIF1A), gene expression data and corresponding clinical outcomes were obtained from the TCGA database, and the reliability of this model was verified with GSE15459 and 51 queues in our centre. ROC curve showed better predictive ability using the risk score. Immune cell enrichment analysis demonstrated that the types of immune cells and their expression levels in the high‐risk group were significantly different from those in the low‐risk group. The experimental results confirmed that NOX4 was upregulated and CHAC1 was downregulated in the STAD tissues compared with the normal stomach mucosal tissues (p < 0.05). In sum, the ferroptosis‐related gene signature can accurately predict the outcomes of patients with STAD, providing valuable insights for personalized treatment. As the signature also has relevance to the immune characteristics, it may help improve the efficacy of personalized immunotherapy.
Topical astilbin ameliorates imiquimod‐induced psoriasis‐like skin lesions in SKH‐1 mice via suppression dendritic cell‐Th17 inflammation axis
Authors: Xu Qingqing , Liu Zhaoyang , Cao Zhiqiang , Shi Yongjian , Yang Ning , Cao Guangshang , Zhang Chunmin , Sun Rong , Zhang Chunhong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAstilbin, an essential component of Rhizoma smilacis glabrae, exerts significant antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects against various autoimmune diseases. We have previously reported that astilbin decreases proliferation and improves differentiation of HaCaT keratinocytes in a psoriatic model. The present study was designed to evaluate the potential therapeutic effects of topical administration of astilbin on an imiquimod (IMQ)‐induced psoriasis‐like murine model and to reveal their underlying mechanisms. Topical administration of astilbin at a lower dose alleviated IMQ‐induced psoriasis‐like skin lesions by inducing the differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes in mice, and the therapeutic effect was even better than that of calcipotriol. Moreover, the inflammatory skin disorder was relieved by astilbin treatment characterized by a reduction in both IL‐17‐producing T cell accumulation and psoriasis‐specific cytokine expression in skin lesions. Furthermore, we found that astilbin inhibited R837‐induced maturation and activation of bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells and decreased the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines by downregulating myeloid differentiation factor 88. Our findings provide the convincing evidence that lower doses of astilbin might attenuate psoriasis by interfering with the abnormal activation and differentiation of keratinocytes and accumulation of IL‐17‐producing T cells in skin lesions. Our results strongly support the pre‐clinical application of astilbin for psoriasis treatment.