bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Versatile core–shell magnetic fluorescent mesoporous microspheres for multilevel latent fingerprints magneto‐optic information recognition
Authors: Yu Bingjie , Liu Shude , Xie Wenhe , Pan Panpan , Zhou Peng , Zou Yidong , Yue Qin , Deng Yonghui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLatent fingerprints are extremely vital for personal identification and criminal investigation, and potential information recognition techniques have been widely used in the fields of information and communication electronics. Although physical powder dusting methods have been frequently employed to develop latent fingerprints and most of them are carried out by using single component powders of micron‐sized fluorescent particles, magnetic powders, or metal particles, there is still an enormous challenge in producing high‐resolution image of latent fingerprints at different backgrounds or substrates. Herein, a novel and effective nanoimpregnation method is developed to synthesize bifunctional magnetic fluorescent mesoporous microspheres for latent fingerprints visualization by growth of mesoporous silica (mesoSiO2) on magical Fe3O4 core and then deposition of fluorescent YVO4:Eu3+ nanoparticles in the mesopores. The obtained Fe3O4@mesoSiO2@YVO4:Eu3+ microspheres possess spatially isolated magnetic core and fluorescent shell which were insulated by mesoporous silica layer. Due to their small particle size of submicrometer scale, high magnetization and low magnetic remanence as well as the combined magnetic and fluorescent properties, the microspheres show superior performance in visual latent fingerprint recognition with high contrast, high anti‐interference, and sensitivity as well as good retention on multifarious substrates regardless of surface permeability, roughness, refraction, colorfulness, and background fluorescence interference, and it makes them ideal candidates for practical application in fingerprint visualization and even magneto‐optic information storage.image
The roadmap to micro: Generation of micron‐sized polymeric particles using a commercial microfluidic system
Authors: Cruz‐Acuña Melissa , Kakwere Hamilton , Lewis Jamal S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMicrofluidic‐assisted particle fabrication provides a route to circumvent the disadvantages associated with traditional methods of polymeric particle generation, such as low drug loading efficiency, challenges in controlling encapsulated drug release rates, batch‐to‐batch variability in particle physical properties and formulation instability. However, this approach primarily produces particles with nanometer size dimensions, which limits drug delivery modalities. Herein, we systematically studied parameters for the generation of micron‐sized poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid (PLGA) particles using a microfluidic system, the NanoAssemblr benchtop. Initially, we used two organic solvents that have been reported suitable for the fabrication of PLGA nanoparticles ‐ acetone and acetonitrile. Subsequently, we methodically manipulated polymer concentration, organic: aqueous flow rate ratios, total flow rate, organic phase composition, and surfactant concentration to develop a route for the fabrication of micron‐sized PLGA particles. Further, we incorporated hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), a clinically approved drug for malaria and lymphoma, and measured how its incorporation impacted particle physicochemical properties. Briefly, altering the organic phase composition by including ethyl acetate (less polar solvent), resulted in micron‐scale particles, as well as increased polydispersity indexes (PDIs). Adjusting the surfactant concentration of poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) after the addition of these solvent mixtures rendered large particles with lower PDI variability. Moreover, encapsulation of HCQ influenced particle hydrodynamic diameter and PDI in a PVA concentration dependent manner. Finally, we demonstrated that unloaded and HCQ‐loaded microparticles did not affect the viability of RAW 264.7 macrophages. This study provides an itinerary for fabricating biocompatible, drug‐loaded, micron‐sized polymeric particles, particularly when the drug of interest is not readily soluble in conventional organic solvents.
Potential areas of crop residue burning contributing to hazardous air pollution in Delhi during the post‐monsoon season
Authors: Rahman Md. Hafizur , Singh Nimish , Kundu Seema , Datta Arindam 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSevere daily ambient particulate matter concentrations <2.5 μm (PM2.5) (>400 μg m–3) have been recorded in Delhi, India, for about 50 d in the post‐monsoon season (October–November) from 2016 to 2019. Monthly average ambient PM2.5 concentrations during the period followed the order: September (63.0 ± 3.6 μg m–3) <listp October (145.8 ± 7.3 μg m–3) < November (233.0 ± 11.5 μg m–3). Crop residue burning has been reported as one of the major sources of ambient PM2.5 in Delhi during the period. This study analyzed the effect of meteorological parameters and crop residue burning on the ambient PM2.5 concentration in Delhi during the period using the dataset from one of the official monitoring stations, the Hybrid Single‐Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory air parcel back trajectory model, and a satellite‐based active fire dataset for the years 2016–2019. The study suggests that crop residue burning events at Sangrur, Mansa, Bhatinda, Patiala, Ludhiana, Barnala, and Patiala (0.5° by 0.5° grid size) districts contribute to the severe PM2.5 concentration in Delhi during November. A significant negative relationship of daily PM2.5 concentrations with meteorological parameters (wind speed: r2 = –.36, p < .05; planetary boundary layer height: r2 = –.45, p < .05) and a positive relationship with the crop residue burning event (r2 = .46, p < .05) that occurred 3 d earlier were recorded. This study can help policymakers undertake location‐specific actions based on meteorological forecasts to reduce the cost and improve the effectiveness of policy actions to reduce the effect of crop residue burning on the ambient PM2.5 concentration in Delhi during the post‐monsoon season.
Three‐dimensional ankle, subtalar, and hindfoot alignment of the normal, weightbearing hindfoot, in bilateral posture
Authors: Stolle Jordan , Lintz Francois , de Cesar Netto Cesar , Bernasconi Alessio , Rincon Maria R. , Mathew Rena , Vispute Dhwanit , Siegler Sorin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe first goal of this study was to develop reliable three‐dimensional definitions of alignment for the ankle, subtalar, and hindfoot joints. These alignments are based on three‐dimensional morphological features derived from renderings of the bones obtained from weightbearing computer tomography. The second goal was to establish a database quantifying the alignment of the ankle, subtalar, and hindfoot joints in a healthy population during weightbearing bilateral standing. This level 1 study was performed on 95 normal subjects in which random subjects were recruited into a control group. Weightbearing computed tomography scans of the leg were collected in neutral, bilateral, standing posture. In 30 of the subjects, both the left and right leg was scanned. Six alignment parameters for each joint were calculated from morphological measurements conducted on three‐dimensional renderings of the bones. Intra‐ and intertester reliability was assessed from repeated measurements by several testers. Analysis of variance statistics of the alignment parameters showed no statistical differences due to age, gender, or foot side. Intraclass correlation coefficient analysis showed excellent inter‐ and intratester reliability. It was concluded that the alignment process is comprehensive and reliable. Therefore, without classification by gender or age, it may be used as a foundation for quantifying abnormal alignment associated with various ankle deformities. Clinical significance: The alignment methodology and control database may be used to diagnose ankle, subtalar, and hindfoot misalignment. It can also serve as basis for surgical planning designed to restore normal alignment in various hindfoot pathologies, such as ankle realignment in total ankle replacement.
Toxicity studies on sediments near hydropower plants on the Ślęza and Bystrzyca rivers, Poland, to establish their potential for use for soil enrichment
Authors: Tomczyk Paweł , Gałka Bernard , Wiatkowski Mirosław , Wdowczyk Aleksandra , Gruss Łukasz 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study is to analyze the toxicity of the sediments accumulated in the vicinity of hydropower plants (HPs) on the Ślęza and Bystrzyca rivers in Poland and the possibility of using these sediments for soil enrichment purposes. Thus far, there has been little comprehensive research related to the analysis of the impact of HPs on the properties of sediments. The analysis of the granulometric composition, physicochemical properties, heavy metals (HMs) content in sediments, and the growth of three plant species was carried out, including toxicity (HMs) and germination indices (plants). Most parameters were significant between the points upstream and downstream of the analyzed HPs. It has been shown that the most dangerous toxic factor is the high concentrations of Cu, Ni, and Zn in the sediments upstream of the HP on the Ślęza. In most cases, the HMs content was observed to decrease downstream of the HPs (e.g., Cu in Ślęza River: average of 13.44‐times), a result of changes in the particle size composition and accumulation of sediments at the site of the dam wall. Typically, the sediments tested stimulated growth in the plant species studied in comparison with the control groups (e.g., germination index for Sorghum saccharatum, Bystrzyca: 273.5% downstream of HPs). The C:N ratio increased downstream of the HPs by an average of 37.11% for the Ślęza River and 10.88% for the Bystrzyca River. The requirements for composting material were not met; however, the sediment could be used to enrich soils with an excessively wide C:N ratio.
Net ecosystem dissolution and respiration dominate metabolic rates at two western Atlantic reef sites
Authors: Meléndez Melissa , Salisbury Joseph , Gledhill Dwight , Langdon Chris , Morell Julio M. , Manzello Derek , Sutton Adrienne 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOcean acidification is changing surface water chemistry, but natural variability due to nearshore processes can mask its effects on ecosystem responses. We present an approach of quantitatively resolving net ecosystem metabolism from an array of long‐term time series stations, offering perhaps the longest record of such processes over a reef to date. We used 8 and 6 yr of in situ, high‐quality frequency observations to characterize the changes in dissolved inorganic carbon and oxygen in La Parguera, Puerto Rico and Cheeca Rocks, Florida, respectively. Net respiration and net dissolution are the dominant metabolic processes at both systems, with a narrow window of ~ 4 months under net calcification. The annual mean net ecosystem calcification (NEC) rates for La Parguera (−0.68 ± 0.91 kg CaCO3 m−2 yr−1) and Cheeca Rocks (−0.48 ± 0.89 kg CaCO3 m−2 yr−1) were on the lower end of typical NEC ranges determined for other reef areas using chemistry‐ and census‐based approaches. At Cheeca Rocks, 53% of the variance in NEC can be explained by net ecosystem production (NEP) and 30% by aragonite saturation state (Ωarag). At La Parguera, NEC is primarily driven by changes in NEP. The linear relationship between NEC and NEP showed a significant slope (± standard error) of 1.00 ± 0.005 and 0.88 ± 0.04 for La Parguera and Cheeca Rocks, respectively. These results suggest that NEP appears to play a prominent role on NEC, and Ωarag probably is not the most informative measure to monitor when attempting to resolve the long‐term impacts of ocean acidification.
Towards Real‐World Quantum Networks: A Review
Authors: Wei Shi‐Hai , Jing Bo , Zhang Xue‐Ying , Liao Jin‐Yu , Yuan Chen‐Zhi , Fan Bo‐Yu , Lyu Chen , Zhou Dian‐Li , Wang You , Deng Guang‐Wei , Song Hai‐Zhi , Oblak Daniel , Guo Guang‐Can , Zhou Qiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractQuantum networks play an extremely important role in quantum information science, with application to quantum communication, computation, metrology, and fundamental tests. One of the key challenges for implementing a quantum network is to distribute entangled flying qubits to spatially separated nodes, at which quantum interfaces or transducers map the entanglement onto stationary qubits. The stationary qubits at the separated nodes constitute quantum memories realized in matter while the flying qubits constitute quantum channels realized in photons. Dedicated efforts around the world for more than 20 years have resulted in both major theoretical and experimental progress toward entangling quantum nodes and ultimately building a global quantum network. Here, the development of quantum networks and the experimental progress over the past two decades leading to the current state of the art for generating entanglement of quantum nodes based on various physical systems such as single atoms, cold atomic ensembles, trapped ions, diamonds with nitrogen‐vacancy centers, and solid‐state host doped with rare‐earth ions are reviewed. Along the way, the merits are discussed and the potential of each of these systems toward realizing a quantum network is compared.
Ultrasensitive and Broadband Optical Toroidal Modes in all‐Dielectric Nanostructures
Authors: Hsiao Hui‐Hsin , Liu Ai‐Yin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDynamic toroidal dipole (TD) with its peculiar characteristic of broken space‐inversion and time‐reversal symmetries plays an important role in the fundamental physics of light–matter interaction. Here, TD metamaterials comprised of amorphous silicon nanopillar arrays embedded in spin‐on‐glass layer are experimentally demonstrated. Upon normal incidence of plane wave, the transverse toroidal moment and the associated anapole‐like state are excited in optical regime. The strong TD response stems from a complete head‐to‐tail configuration of the magnetic dipole moments within each individual nanopillar. Both the experimental and simulation results show that such TD mode sustains a large structural tolerance and can be spectrally tuned by elongating the cylindrical axis perpendicular to the light polarization, corresponding to a cross‐sectional variation from circular to elliptical shapes. The excited TD mode is found to exhibit ultrahigh refractive index sensitivity compared to other multipoles, resulting in a sensitivity of 459 nm (470 nm) per external refractive index change in the experiment (calculation). This approach provides a simple and straightforward path in realizing toroidal metamaterials and establishes a new flat‐optics platform for realizing active metadevices, sensors, and nonlinear nanophotonics.
Shapeshifting Diffractive Optical Devices
Authors: Oscurato Stefano L. , Reda Francesco , Salvatore Marcella , Borbone Fabio , Maddalena Pasqualino , Ambrosio Antonio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn optical devices like diffraction gratings and Fresnel lenses, light wavefront is engineered through the structuring of device surface morphology, within thicknesses comparable to the light wavelength. Fabrication of such diffractive optical elements involves highly accurate multistep lithographic processes that in fact set into stone both the surface morphology and optical functionality, resulting in intrinsically static devices. In this work, this fundamental limitation is overcome by introducing shapeshifting diffractive optical elements directly written on an erasable photoresponsive material, whose morphology can be changed in real time to provide different on‐demand optical functionalities. First a lithographic configuration that allows writing/erasing cycles of aligned optical elements directly in the light path is developed. Then, the realization of complex diffractive gratings with arbitrary combinations of grating vectors is shown. Finally, a shapeshifting diffractive lens that is reconfigured in the light‐path in order to change the imaging parameters of an optical system is demonstrated. The approach leapfrogs the state‐of‐the‐art realization of optical Fourier surfaces by adding on‐demand reconfiguration to the potential use in emerging areas in photonics, like transformation and planar optics.
Optical Archimedes Screw Along Arbitrary Trajectories
Authors: Zhalenchuck Keren , Hadad Barak , Bahabad Alon 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOptical conveyors of airborne particles were previously demonstrated using different techniques allowing particles to be conveyed along straight trajectories either down or upstream the laser radiation direction. Here, the operation of an optical conveyor which has the geometry of an Archimedes screw whose central axis is a predefined arbitrary trajectory in 3D space allowing to convey particles along any desired paraxial trajectory, is demonstrated.
Next‐Generation Nonviral Vectors for mRNA Vaccine Delivery
Authors: Chen Minglong , Hu Xianglong , Liu Shiyong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractVaccination is one of the most promising approaches to protect individuals from serious illness and complications of vaccine‐preventable diseases. Currently, several mRNA therapeutic pipelines have been established to prevent and treat various diseases, including infectious diseases, heart disease, fibrosis, etc.; note that BNT162b2 and mRNA‐1273 are now in clinical application against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), which marks an unprecedented development for mRNA application. However, some drawbacks of mRNA vaccination such as restricted transfection efficiency, potential adverse effects, and fast degradation severely limit their clinical application. Therefore, additional in‐depth research is required to optimize the delivery systems for the improvement of safety, effectiveness, and stability of mRNA vaccines. In this perspective, the design principles of biomaterials for mRNA targeted delivery are summarized and proposed, and an outlook for the tendency and opportunities of mRNA vaccines is given.
Myo‐Inositol in Fermented Sugar Matrix Improves Human Macrophage Function
Authors: Ghosh Nandini , Das Amitava , Biswas Nirupam , Mahajan Sanskruti P. , Madeshiya Amit K. , Khanna Savita , Sen Chandan K. , Roy Sashwati 
Published: January 2022

ScopeReactive oxygen species production by innate immune cells plays a central role in host defense against invading pathogens at wound‐site. A weakened host‐defense results in persistent infection leading to wound chronicity. Fermented Papaya Preparation (FPP), a complex sugar matrix, bolsters respiratory burst activity and improves wound healing outcomes in chronic wound patients. The objective of the current study was to identify underlying molecular factor/s responsible for augmenting macrophage host defense mechanisms following FPP supplementation.Methods and ResultsIn depth LC‐MS/MS analysis of cells supplemented with FPP led to identification of myo‐inositol as a key determinant of FPP activity towards improving macrophage function. Myo‐inositol, in quantities that is present in FPP, significantly improved macrophage respiratory burst and phagocytosis via de novo synthesis pathway of ISYNA1. In addition, myo‐inositol transporters, HMIT and SMIT1, played a significant role in such activity. Blocking these pathways using siRNA attenuated FPP‐induced improved macrophage host defense activities. FPP supplementation emerged as a novel approach to increase intracellular myo‐inositol levels. Such supplementation also modified wound microenvironment in chronic wound patients to augment myo‐inositol levels in wound fluid.ConclusionThese observations indicate that myo‐inositol in FPP influences multiple aspects of macrophage function critical for host defense against invading pathogens.
Mycotoxins in Serum and 24‐h Urine of Vegans and Omnivores from the Risks and Benefits of a Vegan Diet (RBVD) Study
Authors: Penczynski Katharina J. , Cramer Benedikt , Dietrich Stefan , Humpf Hans‐Ulrich , Abraham Klaus , Weikert Cornelia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractScope: Vegans might have a higher exposure to mycotoxins due to their heightened consumption of typical mycotoxin containing food sources. Yet, data on internal exposure among vegans in comparison to omnivores are currently lacking.Methods and Results: This cross‐sectional study includes 36 vegans and 36 omnivores (50% females, 30–60 years). A set of 28 and 27 mycotoxins is analyzed in 24‐h urine and serum samples, respectively, by validated multi‐mycotoxin methods (HPLC‐MS/MS). Ochratoxin A (OTA), 2’R‐OTA, and enniatin B in serum as well as deoxynivalenol‐glucuronide in 24‐h urine are quantified in 57–100% of the samples. Serum OTA levels are twofold higher in vegans than in omnivores (median 0.24 ng mL−1 vs 0.12 ng mL−1; p < 0.0001). No further significant differences were observed. Serum OTA levels are associated with intake of “vegan products” (r = 0.50, p < 0.0001) and “pasta & rice” (r = 0.33, p = 0.006). Sensitivity analyses advise cautious interpretation. Furthermore, serum levels of 2’R‐OTA are related to coffee consumption (r = 0.64, p < 0.0001).Conclusion: The results indicate a higher exposure of vegans to OTA, but not to other mycotoxins. However, larger studies with repeated measurements are required to better evaluate the exposure to mycotoxins from plant‐based diets.
Back “Poarch” Politics: States, “States,” and Indigenous Sovereignty in Alabama
Authors: Fayard Kelly 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Poarch Band of Creek Indians provides a complex look into the negotiation of heritage from a tribal nation. While Poarch operates a successful gaming business, Alabama has not been supportive of this exertion of sovereignty, particularly given its location in the Bible Belt. While Poarch has always operated legally under the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (1988), Alabama has often attempted to deny the Poarch Creeks the rights to gaming that it may freely grant business owners with relationships to state government officials. Given that scholars have argued that there is a shift toward heritage “as a discourse and system of values” (Geismar 78), this paper explores how Poarch has differentiated their system of values from others seeking to operate gaming facilities in Alabama. Through the examination of the PR campaigns put forth by the tribe this paper will consider how each of these examples has contributed to showcasing Poarch Creek heritage and the Poarch Creek system of values to the larger Alabama public. I argue that the Poarch Creeks have been forced to present a type of heritage and values that are palatable in larger Alabamian politics and able to sway public opinion, particularly of the religious right.
Editorial
Authors: Lüst Dieter 
Published: January 2022

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2021 was awarded for groundbreaking contributions to the understanding of complex systems, jointly to Syukuro Manabe and Klaus Hasselmamm for the physical modelling of the earth's climate and to Giorgio Parisi for his work on the interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems. In fact, complexity and also chaos play an important role in many physical systems, like e.g. in the formations of stars and galaxies.We expect that complexity and chaos will also gain more and more importance for the understanding of quantum gravity, the quantum physics of black holes, holography and also in quantum information theory.Therefore we invite authors to also submit articles with emphasis on these exciting topics to “Fortschritte der Physik”.I wish all authors and readers of “Fortschritte der Physik” a happy, healthy and successful new year 2022.Dieter Lüst (Editor)