bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the cost exception policy on long-term treatment interruption among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in South Korea: a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Lee Sang Chul , Lee Jae Kwang , Lee Jung Mo , Park Seon Cheol , Han Chang Hoon 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Political change regarding for exemption of co-payment for tuberculosis (TB) treatment was made in July 2016. We investigated the effect of the co-payment waiver on long-term treatment interruption and clinical outcomes among pulmonary TB patients in South Korea.
Methods
Patients who had newly treated TB in South Korea from 2013–2019 were selected from nationwide data using the entire Korean National Health Insurance Service population. Interrupted time series analysis was used to evaluate the effect of policy implementation on treatment adherence. Moreover, mortality rates were assessed depending on the history of long-term treatment interruption.
Results
A total of 73,116 and 1,673 patients were included in the final study population for each drug-susceptible and drug-resistant pulmonary TB. After implementing the cost exemption policy, the long-term treatment discontinuation rates tended to decrease in the continuation phase in the drug-susceptible TB group (slope change: −0.097, P = 0.011). However, it was increased in the intensive phase in the drug-resistant TB group (slope change: 0.733, P = 0.001). Drug-resistant TB patients were likely to experience long-term discontinuation of TB treatment (adjusted odds ratio, 6.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.43–6.71), and history of long-term treatment interruption was a significant risk factor for both 1-year and overall mortality rates among the study population (adjusted hazard ratios: 2.01, 95% CI, 1.86–2.18 and 1.77, 95% CI, 1.70–1.84, respectively).
Conclusions
Implementing the cost exemption policy effectively reduced the long-term treatment discontinuation rate among pulmonary TB patients. Because long-term treatment interruption is relevant to increasing mortalities, political change for widening the coverage helped improve treatment outcomes in TB patients.
Online Speech Assessment of the Psychotic Spectrum: Exploring the relationship between overlapping acoustic markers of Schizotypy, Depression and Anxiety.
Authors: Olah Julianna , Diederen Kelly , Gibbs-Dean Toni , Kempton Matthew J , Dobson Richard , Spencer Thomas , Cummins Nicholas 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Remote assessment of acoustic alterations in speech holds promise to increase scalability and validity in research across the psychosis spectrum. A feasible first step in establishing a procedure for online assessments is to assess acoustic alterations in psychometric schizotypy. However, to date, the complex relationship between alterations in speech related to schizotypy and those related to comorbid conditions such as symptoms of depression and anxiety has not been investigated. This study tested whether (1) depression, generalized anxiety and high psychometric schizotypy have similar voice characteristics, (2) which acoustic markers of online collected speech are the strongest predictors of psychometric schizotypy, (3) whether controlling for generalized anxiety and depression symptoms can improve the prediction of schizotypy.
Methods
We collected cross-sectional, online-recorded speech data from 441 participants, assessing demographics, symptoms of depression, generalized anxiety and psychometric schizotypy.
Results
Speech samples collected online could predict psychometric schizotypy, depression, and anxiety symptoms, however, most influential features of these models largely overlapped. The predictive power of speech marker-based models of schizotypy significantly improved after controlling for symptoms of depression and generalized anxiety (from R2 = 0.296 to R2 = 0. 436).
Conclusions
Acoustic features of online collected speech are predictive of psychometric schizotypy as well as generalized anxiety and depression symptoms. The acoustic characteristics of schizotypy, depression and anxiety symptoms significantly overlap. Speech models that are designed to predict schizotypy or symptoms of the schizophrenia spectrum might therefore benefit from controlling for symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Efficacy of homoeopathic treatment: Systematic review of meta-analyses of randomised placebo-controlled homoeopathy trials for any indication
Authors: Hamre Harald Johan , Glockmann Anja , von Ammon Klaus , Riley David S , Kiene Helmut 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background and objective
Since 1997 several meta-analyses (MA) of placebo-controlled randomised efficacy trials of homoeopathy for any indication (PRETHAI) have been published, with different methods, results, and conclusions. To date, a formal assessment of these MA has not been undertaken. Main research objective for this systematic review was efficacy of homoeopathic treatment in MA of PRETHAI.
Methods
Inclusion criteria: MA of PRETHAI in humans; all ages, countries, settings, publication languages; published 1.1.1990-31.10.2020. Exclusion criteria: systematic reviews without MA; MA restricted to age or gender groups, specific indications, or specific homoeopathic treatments; MA not including efficacy. We searched 8 online databases (completed 14.12.2020).
Primary outcome was the effect estimate for all included trials in each MA and after sample restriction to trials of higher methodological quality, according to predefined criteria. Risk of bias of MA was assessed by ROBIS. Quality of evidence was assessed by GRADE. Data synthesis was the proportion of MA showing a significant positive effect of homoeopathy vs. no significant difference.
Results
Six MA were included, covering individualised homoeopathy (I-HOM, n = 2), non-individualised homoeopathy (NI-HOM, n = 1) and all homoeopathy types (ALL-HOM = I-HOM + NI-HOM, n = 3), respectively. The MA comprised between 16 and 110 trials, published 1943-2014, with a median trial sample size of 45 to 97 patients. Risk of bias (low/unclear/high) was rated as low for three MA and high for three.
Effect estimates for all trials in each MA showed a significant positive effect of homoeopathy, compared to placebo (5 of 5 MA, no data in 1 MA). Sample restriction to high-quality trials was available from 4 trials, the effect remained significant in 3 MA (thereof 2x ALL-HOM, 1x I-HOM) and was no longer significant in 1 MA of NI-HOM.
Discussion
The quality of evidence for positive effects of homoeopathy beyond placebo (high / moderate / low / very low) was high for I-HOM and moderate for ALL-HOM as well as for NI-HOM. There was no support for the alternative hypothesis of no outcome difference between homoeopathy and placebo.
The available MA of PRETHAI show significant positive effects of homoeopathy beyond placebo. This is in accordance with laboratory experiments showing effects, in part reproducible, of homoeopathically potentised preparations in physico-chemical, in-vitro, plant-based and animal-based test systems.
Other
Primary funding sources: Christophorus-Stiftung, Stuttgart, DE; Stiftung Marion Meyenburg, Hamburg, DE; Dr. Hauschka-Stiftung, Bad Boll/Eckwälden, DE. Registration: PROSPERO, CRD42020209661
Molecular identification and genetic characterization of Theileria and Anapalsma in naturally infected sheep and goats of North Gujarat
Authors: Prajapati Ankit , Prajapati Bhavesh , Patel Arun , Chauhan Prakash , Das Bhupamani , Raval Samir , Suthar Abhinav , Sutariya Tarun , Chaudhari Ravji , Patel Pankaj , Chauhan Vandip , Patel Ramesh 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Ticks and tick-borne diseases are significant health concerns in small ruminants. The present study was conducted to identify and characterize the genetic makeup of Theileria and Anapalsma species in sheep and goats located in different districts of North Gujarat. A total of 226 blood samples were collected from sheep (n=78) and goats (n=148) viz. Banaskantha (n=175), Patan (n=26), and Bhuj (n=25). PCR was carried out using a species-specific primer of Theileria targeting 18S rRNA, SSU rRNA, and Anapalsma targetting the msp5 gene. A total of 29/78 (37.18%) sheep and 16/148 (10.81%) goats were found positive for Theileria. At the same time, 12/78 (15.38%) sheep and 38/148 (25.68%) goats were found positive for Anaplasma infection. Moreover, mixed infection was found in 10/226 (4.42%) sheep and goats. Tick-borne diseases were more prevalent in females compared to male sheep and goats. Theileria infection was more common in sheep, whereas Anapalsma was more dominant in goats of north Gujarat. Sequencing of six positive samples revealed the T. ovis and A. ovis infections in sheep and goats. Phylogenetic analysis of T. ovis SSU rRNA and Anaplasma spp. msp5 revealed that the pathogens identified in this study are clustered together, indicating similar molecular characteristics. Hyaloma and Rhipicephalus were common ticks identified in sheep and goats. We concluded that Theileria and Anaplasma are highly prevalent in the study area, and continuous monitoring of sheep and goats in North Gujarat is highly required. This is the first scientific report on Theileria and Anaplasma co-infections in sheep and goats from North Gujarat.
Equity and trends in general practitioners’ allocation in China: Based on ten years of data from 2012-2021
Authors: Kou Ruxin , Mei Kangni , Bi Yuqing , Huang Jingwen , Yang Shilan , Chen Kexuan , weili  
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
General practitioners (GP) are the gatekeepers of residents' health, and 2021 is the 10th year of the establishment of the GP system in China. This study aims to assess the equity and trends of GP allocation in China from 2012–2021, summarize the efforts and progress of GPs in China during the decade, and predict the development trend of GPs in mainland China in the next five years to provide a reference for regional health planning and rational allocation of GPs in China.
Methods
Data from 2012 to 2021 on GPs in 22 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, and 4 municipalities directly under the central government in mainland China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) are collected by us. Gini coefficient, Lorenz curve and health resource agglomeration degree (HRAD) were used to analyze the equity of the allocation of GPs in China from different dimensions, and a Grey forecasting model was used to forecast the number of GPs in 2022–2026.
Results
The number of GPs in mainland China increased from 109,794 to 434,868 from 2012–2021, with 3.08 GPs per 10,000 people. The Gini coefficient of GPs allocation by population in China decreased from 0.312 to 0.147 from 2012–2021, while the Gini coefficient of geographic dimension remained between 0.7 ~ 0.75. Compared with the degree of curvature of the Lorentz curve in the geographic dimension, the degree of curvature of the population and economic dimension were smaller. In 2021, the HRAD in the Eastern region was 4.618, and the Central region was 1.493, with different degrees of imbalance among regions, and the HRAD/PAD in the Eastern, Central and Western regions were 1.196, 0.880 and 0.821, respectively. GPs in the Eastern region is still concentrated, while the Central and Western regions were at a similar level, and GPs were more scarce. The Grey forecasting model predicts that the number of GPs in mainland China will reach about 720,000 in 2026, and the number of GPs per 10,000 people will reach 4.9.
Conclusion
After a decade of development, the number of GPs in China has increased significantly. It has reached the goal of the GP system when it was first established. However, the equity of the geographical dimension, both in terms of Gini coefficient and HRAD, has great differences between different regions, and at a low level. The Western region has the problem of insufficient GP allocation in both population and geographical dimension. In the future, the number of GPs in China will continue to grow rapidly with the support of policies. The "2030" goal, proposed in 2018, is expected to be achieved by 2026. But due to certain factors (such as COVID-19), the actual situation may be different from the predicted results.
Morphological and molecular characterization based on ITS-2 of Moniezia expansa Rudolphi, 1810 (Anoplocephalidae) isolated from the intestine of sheep, Ovis aries (Bovidae) from Egypt
Authors: Hassanein Hassan A , Elsayed Ayman Nabil , Abdelaal Mohamed , Abdel-Aziz Ahmed 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
One hundred and twenty small intestines of sheep obtained from the Basateen Automated Slaughterhouse in Cairo, Egypt, between February 2021 and May 2021 were examined for cestodes. The cestode observed was Moniezia expansa (10.8%). It was measured 175–200 cm in length and varied in width according to the maturation of proglottids. Scolex was measured 0.75–0.88 mm in size and composed of a clear apical region without a rostellum. It had four conspicuous suckers with diameters of 0.25–0.31 mm. Scolex was followed by an unsegmented neck and proglottids. Proglottids were substantially wider than they were long. The immature proglottids measured 0.35–0.60 mm in length and 1.97–3.20 mm in width, without obvious structures. While mature proglottids were measured 0.70–1.40 mm in length and 6.75–8.25 mm in width and possess completely formed reproductive organs. The gravid proglottids were measured 1.38–4.43 mm in length and 14.25–16.75 mm in width, packed with eggs, and came towards the end of the strobila. PCR amplification produced a fragment of approximately 800 bp in size. The analyses showed distinct genotypes with sequence identities that ranged from 98.90–100% when compared to the GenBank sequences of M. expansa. The variation of evolutionary divergences was extended from 0.000 to 1.356 for Moniezia spp. and another genus of cestodes. Based on morphological traits and molecular analyses, the currently isolated worms were confirmed as M. expansa.
Y-type Hexagonal Ferrite-based Band-Pass Filter with Dual Magnetic and Electric Field Tunability
Authors: Popov Maksym , Xiong Yuzan , Zavislyak Igor , Chumak Hryhorii , Fedorchuk Oleksandr , Saha Sujoy , Bidthanapally Rao , Qu Hongwei , Page Michael R. , Sriniva Gopalan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This work is on the design, fabrication and characterization of a hexagonal ferrite band-pass filter that can be tuned either with a magnetic field or an electric field. The filter operation is based on a straight-edge Y-type hexagonal ferrite resonator symmetrically coupled to the input and output microstrip transmission lines. The Zn2Y filter demonstrated magnetic field tunability in the 8-12 GHz frequency range by applying an in-plane bias magnetic field H0 provided by a built-in permanent magnet. The insertion loss and 3 dB bandwidth within this band were 8.6±0.4 dB and 350±40 MHz, respectively. The electric field E tunability of the pass-band of the device was facilitated by the nonlinear magnetoelectric effect (NLME) in the ferrite. The E-tuning of the center frequency of the filter by (1150±90) MHz was obtained for an input DC electric power of 200 mW. With efforts directed at a significant reduction in the insertion loss, the compact and power efficient magnetic and electric filed tunable Zn2Y band-pass filter has the potential for use in novel reconfigurable RF/microwave devices and communication systems.
Effect of land use change on climate elasticity of water quality at multiple spatial scales
Authors: Khan Mehran , Khan Sunaid , Ullah Khan Afed , Noman Muhammad , Usama Muhammad , Ahmad Khan Fayaz , Haleem Kashif , Khan Jehanzeb 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Investigating the influence of land use change on climate elasticity of water quality (CEWQ) at multiple spatial scales is very critical for sustainable water management policies. The current research work investigated land use change–water–climate nexus through the lens of 32 water quality monitoring sites located at major rivers of Pakistan. The novelty of the current research work is the assessment of the instability consequences of precipitation and temperature CEWQ indicators owing to land use dynamics (2001–2019) at both sub-watershed and buffer scales. Precipitation elasticity values are lower and spatially homogeneous in comparison with temperature elasticity. Majority CEWQ-land use correlation coefficients have not shown any temporal trend with land use change except a few CEWQ indicators, namely pH, CO3, F, Ca, SiO2, silt, and clay. Temperature CEWQ developed many linear models with land use in comparison with precipitation CEWQ. A small number of land use classes cause instability consequences at the buffer scale in comparison with the sub-watershed scale. Savanna, shrublands, and ice and snow decline instability consequences of CEWQ indicators at both spatial scales. The identified land use classes that bring stability in CEWQ indicators are recommended to be incorporated in watershed management policies to bring sustainability in the aquatic environment.
Simplified approach for determination of parameters for Kostiakov's infiltration equation
Authors: Gebul Mekonen Ayana 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Knowledge of soil infiltration characteristics is required increasingly for the proper design and efficient management of irrigation. Various empirical and physically based infiltration models have been used for several years, but the practical use of many is limited by parameter determination problems, which, in turn, are influenced by factors acting at the surface and within the soil, initial and boundary conditions, etc. In this study, a simplified approach for determining parameters for the Kostiakov equation was tested and validated. The equation's linearized form, using logarithmic transformation and field data collected from five sites, was employed. The results show that cumulative infiltration can be described well using the approach. Its quality is also confirmed by performance indices like R2 and standard error, whose values ranged from 0.985 to 0.999 and 0.020 to 0.005, respectively, suggesting that the simplified approach described is sufficient for practical purposes, when data are too scarce to apply other, complex methods to predict cumulative infiltration.
Removal of levofloxacin by persulfate activated by nZVI/Co/N-CNT
Authors: Jia Xiaoning , Xu Miao , Li Cailan , Cai Yongjie , Wu Tong , Huang Jing 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A composite catalyst nZVI/Co/N-CNT was prepared by loading nano-zero-valent iron-cobalt bimetals on porous materials (N-CNT) by a liquid-phase reduction method. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the X-ray electron spectroscopy (XPS) characterization method were used to characterize and analyze the structure of the prepared samples. The effects of different factors on the removal of levofloxacin (LOF) by the nZVI/Co/N-CNT activated persulfate (PMS) system were compared. The results show that the removal rate of LOF can reach 98.14% when the LOF concentration is 20 mg/L, the iron-cobalt molar ratio is 5:1, the dosage of nZVI/Co/N-CNT is 0.3 g·L−1, and the dosage of PMS is 0.2 g·L−1 and pH = 7. Free radical quenching experiments showed that SO4−· and ·OH coexisted during the reaction, and ·OH was the main active species, and the possible removal mechanism of LOF was speculated.
Chemical Synthesis of Chitin Binding Domain of Potato WIN2 Protein
Authors: Muraki Michiro , Morii Hisayuki , Harata Kazuaki 
Published: November 2022

Abstract:
The N-terminal domain of potato WIN2 protein, a 43-residue polypeptide, was synthesized by Fmoc solid phase methodology. The refolded sample in the presence of a glutathione oxidoreduction buffer was identified as the disulfides-bridged molecule accompanied with the formation of a pyroglutamate residue by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The purified sample showed a strong binding activity toward solid chitin and the binding behavior was very similar to the lectin UDA.
Major Structural Reorganisation Most Likely Accompanies the Transient Formation
of a Physiological Electron Transfer Complex
Authors: Sutcliffe Michael J. , Chohan Kamaldeep K. , Scrutton Nigel S. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract:
Modelling studies coupled with experimental observations show that the transfer of electrons from trimethylamine dehydrogenase to its electron transferring flavoprotein (ETF) requires a large quaternary change in ETF. These studies describe for the first time how complex and substantial changes in quaternary structure could control interprotein electron transfer reactions, and direct electrons onto specific and ntended redox partners.
Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology of Pyrethrum
tatsienense (Bureau & Franch.) Ling ex C. Shih: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Wu Guang , Guan Yang , Chen Jie , Zhu Mei-Ning , Qiu Yong-Wei , Zhu Cai-Qing , Wu Yong-Zhong , Zhong Guo-Yue , Ma Qin-Ge , Wei Rong-Rui 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Pyrethrum tatsienense (Bureau & Franch.) Ling ex C. Shih (PTLCS) belongs
to the family Compositae, which is a perennial medicinal plant mainly distributed in the
Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the ethnopharmacology,
phytochemistry, and pharmacology of PTLCS. This review offers valuable references
and guidance for researching PTLCS in depth.

Methods:
The related references of PTLCS were retrieved from an online database, such as Web of
Science, Google Scholar, SciFinder, PubMed, SpringLink, Elsevier, Willy, CNKI, and so on.

Results:
PTLCS is widely reported for treating headaches, head injuries, traumatic injuries, anabrosis,
impetigo, hepatitis, and other diseases in the medical field. Phytochemical research revealed
that this plant contained flavonoid aglycones, flavonoid glycosides, xanthones, triterpenoids, coumarins,
polyacetylenes, volatile oils, and other compounds. Meanwhile, PTLCS exhibited extensive
pharmacological activities including anti-cardiac ischemia, anti-hypoxia, hepatoprotective, anti-
inflammatory and analgesic, and antioxidant activities.

Conclusions:
PTLCS is widely used as a Tibetan medicine, which has a variety of chemicals with
diverse bioactivities. Therefore, further studies are necessary to perform on the PTLCS to assay biological
activities, discover their bioactive constituents, and reveal pharmacological mechanisms.
This review may supply an important theoretical basis and valuable reference for in-depth research
and exploitations of PTLCS.
Gastric Cancer Growth Modulated by circSNTB2/miR-6938-5p/G0S2 and
PDCD4
Authors: Rong Baohai , Chen Xiqi , Xie Guangdong , Han Letian , Chen Hanhan , Sun Qingying , Zhou Yongkun 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related
death worldwide. Increasing studies have indicated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play critical
roles in cancer progression. However, the precise mechanism and functions of most circRNAs are
still unknown in gastric cancer.

Methods:
In the present study, we aim to uncover the mechanism by which circRNAs regulate gastric
cancer tumorigenesis. By analyzing the microarray data, we screened differential expressed circRNAs in
the gastric cancer group and identified a down-regulated circRNA, hsa_circ_0040039 (circSNTB2). Mechanically,
circSNTB2 served as a sponge for the miR-6938-5p and up-regulated its expression.

Results:
Meanwhile, G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) and programmed cell death gene 4 (PDCD4)
were identified to be the aim genes of miR-6938-5p, constructing circSNTB2/miR-6938-5p/G0S2
and PDCD4 pathways.

Conclusion:
Taken together, our findings demonstrated that circSNTB2 plays an essential role in
gastric cancer by regulating miR-6938-5p through G0S2 and PDCD4 genes. CircSNTB2 could be
a promising biomarker for GC diagnosis and targeted therapy.