bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ZAKAT FITRAH DENGAN UANG MENURUT IMAM HANAFI DAN IMAM MALIKI
Authors: Pitriani Iin , Zailia Siti , Isa Legawan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Zakat fitrah is issuing a special portion of property that has reached the nishab (quantity limit that requires zakat) to people who are most entitled to receive it or called mustahiq. The obligation to pay zakat fitrah is also legal in several verses in the Qur'an. The form of giving zakat fitrah has also been explained in several hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad. Efforts to pay zakat in Islamic law show that Islam is very concerned about social problems, especially the fate of those who are weak. So that close the relationship of love between fellow human beings in realizing Islamic brotherhood. In the Indonesian community, most of whom adhere to the Hanafi school of thought, but there are also some people who follow the guidelines of the Maliki school of thought, where from the two schools of thought there are differences of opinion about most of them allowing zakat fitrah with money, but there are also those who argue that paying zakat fltrah is not allowed with money. but with goods (basic materials). Based onthe explanation ofthe background of theproblem, the researcher determines the formulation of the problem, namely how are the similarities and differences between zakat fltrah and moneyaccording to Imam Hanafi andImam Maliki. This study uses the library research method, which means an activity to search, record, formulate to analyze to compile data about differences of opinion from Imam Hanafi and Imam Maliki regarding the payment of zakat fitrah with money. The dta obtained from the resultsof this library rsearch ar then processed systematically. The results in the study state that Imam Hanafi and Imam Malik both require zakat fitrah on people who have excess food the next day. However, in this case Imam Hanafi distinguishes between fard and obligatory. Fardhu is everything that is determined based on the qath'i argument, obligatory based on the zanni argument. Meanwhile, Imam Maliki does not distinguish between fard and obligatory. While the difference is that Imam Hanafi is allowed to pay zakat fitrah with money while Imam Maliki does not allow zakat firah with money, he must use local staple foods
Keywords: Zakat, Money, Hanafi, Maliki
THE POSITION OF SUNNAH AS A SOURCE OF ISLAMIC LAW IN A NEW PERSPECTIVE IN ITS TYPES
Authors: Maulana Tiyo , Hidayat Wahyu , Zulheldi Zulheldi , Yusna Darni 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper aims to discuss the meaning of Sunnah as an argument in the determination of Islamic law. The existence of the Qur'an as a guide to life is not complete without the Sunnah. As-sunnah's position in the teachings of Islam became the second source of law after the Quran. This As-sunnah is everything narrated by the Prophet PBUH, either in the form of deeds or words. We conducted a literature study and content analysis approach with a descriptive method in our research. The problem lies in the description of the flexibility of the Sunnah as a source of Islamic law. The Sunnah is divided into the Sunnah of words, deeds, and the Sunnah of Hammiah (will). The author researches the Sunnah of this will which is still little discussed by other researchers. Sunnah Hammiyah is the desire of the Prophet to burn the houses of people who do not pray in the congregation to the mosque, and the Prophet wanted to change the position of the Kaaba if the Quraysh at that time were still close to polytheism. The Sunnah itself serves as an explanatory, that is, to explain things that are still vague in the Qur'an.
Keywords: Type, Sunnah, Legal Sources
Attempts to Purchase Misoprostol Online in Indonesia: A Mystery Client Study Design
Authors: Moore Ann M. , Philbin Jesse , Ariawan Iwan , Budiharsana Meiwita , Jorgy Geby Hasanah , Arifa Zahra Izza , Bankole Akinrinola 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Abortion is highly restricted in Indonesia; self-administered misoprostol can safely induce an abortion. Brick and mortar pharmacies, a common place to purchase misoprostol off-label in other parts of the world, are monitored closely by the government authority in Indonesia which controls drugs so that they cannot function outside the law without risking arrest and prosecution. An online marketplace has sprung up in response that sells misoprostol through in-country distributors. Such procurement offers a level of safety and anonymity to the buyer and seller. So as to understand online access to misoprostol, we created a protocol to identify the most visible universe of sellers. Methods: We carried out a mystery client methodology to replicate the experiences of women procuring misoprostol online. Our study consisted of five sections: (1) identify the universe of online sellers using the most common search terms, drawn from multiple platforms to capture diversity in interactions as well as products sold (2) remove duplicates across sites as determined by their telephone numbers (3) draw a roughly probability proportional to size sample (4) contact sellers as mystery clients through text/chat, depending on the platform and engage with them and (5) attempt purchase drugs offered by the seller. Descriptive statistics are presented.Results: The listing generated 727 sites: 441 websites, 153 marketplace sellers, and 133 Instagram profiles. After removing duplicate listings, we identified 281 unique sellers. We selected all sellers with greater than 12 listings, 60% of sellers with 4-12 listings, 50% of sellers with 2-3 listings, and 40% of sellers with only one listing. Mystery clients were able to send initial messages to 110 sellers, of which 16 never responded. The interaction progressed to purchasing misoprostol with 76 sellers, 64 of whom sent drugs.Conclusions: As women seek to terminate unwanted pregnancies in legally restrictive settings, online sales of misoprostol must be considered. With the Covid pandemic constraining movement, the importance of this way of procuring misoprostol will likely become more appealing. Understanding this unregulated landscape is important if we are to try to improve women’s ability to safely conduct an abortion in highly restrictive settings.
Children’s Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy and Associated Factors: Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gemechu Getahun B. , Habtamu J , Zarihun K 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background- Suboptimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy will lead to drug resistance, treatment failure, clinical deterioration, death and failure to thrive in children. Studies conducted among children below 15 years old were limited in Ethiopia in general and in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the status of children’s adherence to ART and associated factors in the study area. Methods- We conducted a facility-based cross-sectional study by including 282 children <15 years who received anti-retroviral therapy for at least one month. All children/caregivers who were attending the ART clinic during the data collection period were consecutively recruited for the study. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed. Result- Out of 282 caregivers included with their children, 226 (80.2%) were females (mean age= 38.6 and SD = 12.35). In similar, among total number of children included in the study, half (50%) were female and 246 (87.2%) were between the ages 5–14 years (mean age= 8.5 and SD = 2.64). Two hundred and forty six (87.2%) children had an adherence status of ≥95% in the month prior to the interview.Children whose caregivers were residing in urban areas were 3.3 (95% CI: 1.17, 9.63) times more adherent to ART when compared to caregivers in rural areas. Children whose caregivers were biological parents, were 2.37(95% CI: 1.59, 3.3) times more adherent when compared with caregivers with non-biological parents. Additionally, children of caregivers who were knowledgeable about ART treatment, were 4.5(95% CI: 1.79, 9.8) times more adherent to ART than their counterparts.Conclusion and recommendation- The adherence status of children in our study area was comparable. Biological caregivers, residing in urban areas and knowledgeable about ART treatment facilitate adherence to ART. Ongoing education about treatment and further study with multiple adherence assessment methods were recommended.
Self-employment and health inequality of migrant workers
Authors: Zhou Deshui , Wen Xin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective
This research aims to discuss the impact of self-employment on health inequality of migrant workers, and explore the mechanism and group differences of the influence of self-employment on health inequality in Chinese migrant workers.
Background
Self-employment is one of the main types of employment for migrant workers in China, it is important to promote self-employment of migrant workers for Chinese employment-first policy. However, self-employment will affect the life and behavior of migrant workers, as well as health inequality of them.
Method
This research uses the data from the 2018 China Migrant Workers Dynamic Monitoring Survey, and examines the impact of self-employment on health inequality of migrant workers by using RIF-I-OLS decomposition method.
Results
We find that self-employment will reduce the health inequality of Chinese migrant workers significantly, especially among migrant workers with low education, low income groups and low social integration. Further analysis shows that self-employment can directly promote the self-rated health of migrant workers. Moreover, it indirectly alleviates the health inequality of migrant workers by mediating effect of improving public welfare accessibility such as health records and health education.
Conclusion
It is necessary to allow and support migrant workers to engage in self-employment activities, the government should provide public services such as health education, health records and health rights for migrant workers, focus on the employment of migrant workers in city, especially those with low income and low education. Therefore, we believe that measures should be taken to enhance the sense of belonging of migrant workers in city, and promote migrant workers to truly achieve “urbanization of people”. In this manner, reducing the health inequality of migrant workers.
The randomized controlled study of low-level laser therapy, kinesio-taping and manual lymphatic drainage in patients with stage II breast cancer related lymphedema
Authors: YILMAZ SEDEF SELCUK , Ayhan Fikriye Figen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective: We aimed to compare the effects of low level laser therapy, kinesio-taping and manual lymphatic drainage on the affected arm volume, quality of life, arm function, neuropathic pain and shoulder mobility in patients with stage II breast cancer related lymphedema.Materials and Methods: Forty-five breast cancer patients with stage II lymphedema were included in the study. The randomized patients in three groups were treated with manual lymphatic drainage, kinesio-taping and low-level laser therapy. After these different therapeutic modalities, all patients have received the application of multilayer compression bandage, lymphedema remedial exercises, skin care, and patient education program by the same lymphedema therapist. All treatments were applied 5 days a week for three weeks. The lymphedema compression garments has been prescribed to all patients and follow-up visits have been planned at the end of the treatment, 4thand 12th weeks. The efficacy of the treatments was evaluated by volumetric calculations of circumferential measurements using truncated cone formula, in addition to goniometric assessments for shoulder joint range of motion, and questionnaires of quick-DASH for arm disability, pain-detect for neuropathic pain, and quality of life for arm lymphedema (LYMQOL-Arm).Results: The baseline patient and disease characteristics, and outcome measures were similar between groups. All treatment modalities were found to be effective on decreased arm volume, quality of life, upper extremity disability and neuropathic pain. The percentage of decreased arm volume or treatment success was better in kinesio-taping group than MLD group at the end of the treatment, 4th and 12th weeks after treatment (p=0.009, p=0.039, and p=0.042, respectively). Conclusions: We found that kinesio-taping led to better results than manual lymphatic drainage and similarly effective with low-level laser in stage II breast cancer related lymphedema at 12th weeks follow-up. Kinesio-taping and low-level laser should be considered as alternative treatments in early-moderate stage of lymphedema. Following these modalities, multi-layer compression and compression bandaging are cornerstone of lymphedema treatment.
Sexual wellbeing and supportive care needs after cancer in a multiethnic Asian setting: a qualitative study
Authors: Kuan Wai-Chee , Kong Yek-Ching , Bustamam Ros Suzanna , Wong Li-Ping , Woo Yin-Ling , Taib Nur Aishah , Ho Gwo-Fuang , Zaharah Hafizah , Yip Cheng-Har , Bhoo-Pathy Nirmala 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The physical and emotional impact of cancer and its treatment may be detrimental to the sexual well-being of patients. We aimed to gain an in-depth insight on the impact of cancer on the sexual wellbeing of cancer patients living in a middle-income setting with limited supportive care services. Methods: Twenty focus group discussions, stratified by gender, were conducted among 102 patients with breast, cervical, colorectal, or prostate cancer. Participants were recruited from five hospitals in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Discussions were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was performed using NVivo. Results: Three major themes emerged: loss, adjustments, and unmet supportive care needs. Under the main theme of loss, changes in physical appearances and childbearing abilities negatively impacted participants’ self-confidence and body image, particularly in the females. Changes in quality of sexual activity were commonly raised, which often brought about conflicts and marital strains. Various methods to cope with the changes were described, including reprioritization of sex, using sexual aids, employing other forms of intimacy, and reframing sex as an obligation. Participants further voiced the unmet need for professional counselling services to enable honest communication between patients and their partners, and also sexual healthcare services, which were all deemed as paramount to address their sexual issues.Conclusion: In the low- and middle-income countries, provision of sexual healthcare services including counselling and clinical management of sexual dysfunction should not be overlooked as an important component of supportive cancer care.
The Prognostic value of the controlling nutritional status score in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: QIAN Jin , WANG Jing , CHENG feng , GUO hong-feng , XIA jun , ZHOU Xin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the prognostic value of the controlling nutritional status score (CONUT) in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).
Methods
The clinical data of 81 newly diagnosed MDS patients treated with decitabine in the hematology ward of our hospital from October 2009 to September 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. According to the ROC curve of overall survival (OS), the best cut-off value of CONUT was obtained. MDS patients were divided into high CONUT score group and low CONUT score group according to the best cut-off value, and their clinical characteristics and survival were analyzed.
Results
Among the 81 patients with MDS, there were 32 cases in the high CONUT score group and 49 cases in low CONUT score group. Compared with the low CONUT group, the high CONUT group had lower levels of hemoglobin, lymphocyte count, albumin and total cholesterol (P = 0.037, < 0.001,0.009, < 0.001). The median OS of low and high CONUT groups were 11.0 and 17.2 months (P = 0.017). According to the results of univariate and multivariate survival analysis of OS, thrombocytopenia, high CONUT score,medium and high risk IPSS-R score were independent prognostic factors.
Conclusion
High CONUT score is associated with low hemoglobin in patients with MDS. High CONUT score indicates poor OS and it is an independent prognostic factor in patients with MDS.
A double-layer of stable coral-like PSi@C(N) anodes for lithium-ion Batteries synthesized from microsilica
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Xi Fengshuo , Chen Xiuhua , Li shaoyuan , Ma Wenhui , Lei Yu , Ding Zhao , Qu Tao , Dai Yongnian , Deng Rong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
With the development of silicon smelting industry, increasing industrial waste (Microsilica) has become a serious concern. From the point of view of environment, it is an important problem how to treat and recycle these microsilica. Silicon (Si) is a promising material for the next generation of lithium-ion batteries anode. Yet, the severe expansion, poor capacity retention or harsh processing technic impede its commercialization path. Herein, a spherical porous silicon were firstly prepared through a magnesiothermic reduction of microsilica, waste powder from photovoltaic silicon production industry. The porous silicon (PSi) was further coated with nitrogen-doped carbon (C(N)) to build a Jellyfish-like PSi@C(N) structure. The PSi@C(N) with uniform interconnected pore channels and nitrogen-doped carbon layer, not only enhances the Li+ ions transport, but also accommodates extreme volumetric changes of Si during the charge/discharge. The PSi@C(N) electrodes delivered a reversible capacity of 803.92 mAh g-1 after 300 cycles at 1000 mA g-1 and exhibited 18.6% expansion rate. This study not only provides the rational design of a high-performance porous silicon anode, but also adds a new perspective for the high-value usage of microsilica in semiconductor and photovoltaic industries.
Determinants of Telemedicine Adoption among Financially Distressed Patients with Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights from a Nationwide Survey
Authors: Hassan Abbas M , Chu Carrie K. , Liu Jun , Angove Rebekah , Rocque Gabrielle , Gallagher Kathleen D. , Momoh Adeyiza O. , Caston Nicole E. , Williams Courtney , Wheeler Stephanie , Butler Charles E , Offodile Anaeze 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Telemedicine use during the COVID-19 pandemic among financially distressed patients with cancer, with respect to the determinants of adoption and patterns of utilization, has yet to be delineated. We sought to systematically characterize telemedicine utilization in financially distressed patients with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of nationwide survey data assessing telemedicine use in patients with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic collected by Patient Advocate Foundation (PAF) in December 2020. Primary study outcome was telemedicine utilization during the pandemic. Secondary outcomes were telemedicine utilization volume and modality preferences. Multivariable and Poisson regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with telemedicine use.Results: A convenience sample of 627 patients with cancer responded to the PAF survey. Telemedicine adoption during the pandemic was reported by 67% of patients, with most (63%) preferring video visits. Younger age (19-35 age compared to ≥ 75 age) (OR, 6.07; 95% CI, 1.47-25.1), and more comorbidities (≥ 3 comorbidities compared to cancer only) (OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.13-2.65) were factors associated with telemedicine adoption. Younger age (19-35 yrs.) (incidence rate ratios [IRR], 1.78; 95%CI, 24-115%) and higher comorbidities (≥3) (IRR; 1.36; 95%CI, 20-55%) were factors associated with higher utilization volume. As area deprivation index increased by 10 units, the number of visits decreased by 3% (IRR 1.03, 95%CI, 1.03-1.05).Conclusions: The rapid adoption of telemedicine may exacerbate existing inequities, particularly among vulnerable financially financially-distressed patients with cancer. Policy-level interventions are needed for the equitable and efficient provision of this service.
Molecular detection and genotype identification of Acanthamoeba species from bronchoalveolar lavage of patients with pulmonary symptoms suspected for cancer
Authors: Taghipour Tayebeh , Rasti Sima , Saba Mohammadali , Delavari Mahdi , Moosavi Gholam Abbas , Hooshyar Hossein , Eslamirad Zahra 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Acanthamoeba spp. are the most common free-living amoeba worldwide, which cause life-threatening diseases such as Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis, pulmonary infection, and amoebic keratitis. This study is aimed to identify FLA and Acanthamoeba genotypes among patients with pulmonary symptoms suspected for cancer in Kashan hospitals, center of Iran.This cross-sectional study was conducted on 97 bronchoalveolar lavage samples of patients with symptoms of respiratory problems suspected of lung cancer admitted to Shahid Beheshti hospital of Kashan 2019 to 2020. The samples were cultured onto 1.5% Non-nutrient agar enriched with killed Escherichia coli and examined for the presence of FLA. After isolation of amoeba and DNA extraction, Acanthamoeba spp. were determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction using JDP1 and JDP2 primers, which amplified a 490 bp fragment from the 18 S rDNA gene. Eighteen Acanthamoeba isolates were sequenced and genotypes were identified. The prevalence of FLA and Acanthamoeba and the relation between symptoms and demographic variables were analyzed by the SPSS.16. The prevalence of FLA and Acanthamoeba in BAL samples was 86.6% and 73.2%, respectively. All Acanthamoeba isolates were belonged to the T4 genotype. The most symptoms among Acanthamoeba positive patients were dyspnea, cough, but the difference was not statistically significant. The results have shown a high prevalence rate of FLA and Acanthamoeba in BAL of patient suspected to cancer in Kashan. Since the T4 is a pathogenic genotype of Acanthamoeba, health training and improving sanitation level help to prevent infection.
Addition of monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) to Toxoplasma ROP47 DNA
Authors: wang lin , lin xia , lu gang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We constructed a ROP47 DNA vaccine combined with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) and used it to immunize mice. Five groups of mice were injected every 2 weeks with PBS, empty vector, MPLA, pROP47, or pROP47 with MPLA. All mice were injected intramuscularly three times. Blood samples from all experimental mice were collected from the tail vein at 2, 4, 6, and 10 weeks after the first injection. The levels of IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-12 in blood from all experimental mice were measured. The mice were challenged intragastrically with 20 cysts of Toxoplasma gondii PRU strain 2 weeks after the last vaccination. The mice immunized with MPLA/pROP47 produced higher levels of IgG, IgG2a, IFN-γ, and IL-12 compared with other groups. Furthermore, after a challenge with 20 cysts, higher numbers of cysts were present in the brains of other experimental mice compared with MPLA/pROP47-immunized mice. The pROP47 vaccine markedly stimulated humoral and cellular immune responses in immunized mice and MPLA enhanced the immune protection induced by the pROP47 DNA vaccine.