bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on the Model for Channels of Wireless Optical Communications in Seawater and Its Application
Authors: Sun Kai , Han Zekai 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Optical wireless communications have advantages of high speed and good safety, so they are extensively used on land. When it comes to the ocean, complicated and adverse marine environment and the lack of high-speed communication technologies are main obstacles hindering marine equipment from being intelligentized, clustered and networked. Underwater communications nowadays use water sound as a primary technology. With the increase of demand in communications, the bandwidth of an underwater acoustic signal is way lower than the needed bandwidth of underwater communications. Considering the bandwidth of optical communications is much higher than that of acoustic ones, the application of optical wireless communications to marine environment can help marine equipment to improve its capability of underwater information interaction, thereby enhancing its level of intelligence and its general capability of information interaction. When light transmits in seawater, the absorption and scattering effects of seawater make the characteristics of light transmission in seawater greatly different from those on land, which leads to the changes in key indicators such as velocity and distance of transmission. This paper examines the characteristics of optical transmission channels of seawater, and builds a model for it for the purpose of analysis. Besides, through the tests of optical communications in a variety of water environment, this paper confirms the validity of the model. Additionally, in order to verify whether the application of optical wireless communications can improve the intelligentization and performance of underwater equipment in practice, a trial is conducted on a lake, which proves that using optical communications to meet the need of data recovery of fixed underwater nodes is feasible and effective.
Variability of extragalactic X-ray jets on kiloparsec scales
Authors: Meyer Eileen , Shaik Aamil , Tang Yanbo , Reid Nancy , Reddy Karthik , Breiding Peter , Georganopoulos Markos , Chiaberge Marco , Perlman Eric , Clautice Devon , Sparks William , DeNigris Natalie , Trevor Max 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Super-massive black holes residing at the centres of galaxies can launch powerful radio-emitting plasma jets which reach scales of hundreds of thousands of light-years, well beyond their host galaxies.1 The advent of Chandra, the only X-ray observatory capable of sub-arcsecond-scale imaging, has lead to the surprising discovery of strong X-ray emission from radio jets on these scales.2-4 The origin of this X-ray emission, which appears as a second spectral component from that of the radio emission, has been debated for over two decades.5-9 The most commonly assumed mechanism is inverse Compton upscattering of the Cosmic Microwave Background (IC-CMB) by very low-energy electrons in a still highly relativistic jet.10,11 Under this mechanism no variability in the X-ray emission is expected. Here we report the detection of X-ray variability in the large-scale jet population, using a novel statistical analysis of 53 jets with multiple Chandra observations. Individually 13/53 jets have at least one feature which is variable at the p<0.05 level. Taken as a population, we find that the distribution of p-values from a Poisson model is strongly inconsistent with steady emission, with a global p-value of 1.96×10−4 under a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test against the expected Uniform (0,1) distribution. The inconsistency significantly increases when we exclude core-dominated quasars at high redshift. These results strongly imply that the dominant mechanism of X-ray production in kpc-scale jets is synchrotron emission by a second population of electrons reaching multi-TeV energies. X-ray variability on the time-scale of months to a few years implies extremely small emitting volumes much smaller than the cross-section of the jet.
Enhancing Learning and Retention with Distinctive Virtual Reality Environments and Mental Context Reinstatement
Authors: Essoe Joey , Reggente Nicco , Ohno Ai , Baek Younji , Dell’Italia John , Rissman Jesse 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Memory is inherently context-dependent: internal and environmental cues become bound to learnt information, and the later absence of these cues can impair recall. Here, we developed a novel approach to leverage context-dependence to optimise learning of challenging, interference-prone material. While navigating through virtual reality (VR) contexts, participants learnt 80 foreign words in two phonetically similar languages. Those participants who learnt each language in its own unique context showed reduced interference and improved one-week retention (92%), relative to those who learnt the languages in the same context (76%)—however, this advantage was only apparent if participants subjectively experienced VR-based contexts as “real” environments. A follow-up fMRI study confirmed that reinstatement of brain activity patterns associated with the original encoding context during word retrieval was associated with improved recall performance. These findings establish that context-dependence can be harnessed with VR to optimise learning and showcase the important role of mental context reinstatement.
Understanding temperature-dependent SU(3) spin dynamics in the S=1 antiferromagnet Ba2FeSi2O7
Authors: Do Seung-Hwan , Zhang Hao , Dahlbom David , Williams Travis , Garlea ovidiu , Hong Tao , Jang Tae-Hwan , Cheong Sang-Wook , Park Jae-Hoon , Barros Kipton , Batista Cristian , Christianson Andrew 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Quantum magnets admit more than one classical limit and N-level systems with strong single-ion anisotropy are expected to be described by a classical approximation based on SU(N) coherent states. Here we test this hypothesis by modeling finite temperature inelastic neutron scattering (INS) data of the effective spin-one antiferromagnet Ba2FeSi2O7. The measured dynamic structure factor is calculated with a generalized Landau-Lifshitz dynamics for SU(3) spins. Unlike the traditional classical limit based on SU(2) coherent states, the results obtained with classical SU(3) spins are in good agreement with the measured temperature-dependent spectrum. The SU(3) approach developed here provides a general framework to understand the broad class of materials comprising weakly coupled antiferromagnetic dimers, trimers, or tetramers, and magnets with strong single-ion anisotropy.
Evaluation of Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Authors: Mustafa Dilshad Hamad , Ahmed Baderkhan Saeed , Haweizy Rawand Musheer , Rwandizy Azhy Muhammed 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is a rare and lethal disease that accounts for 1–2% of thyroid malignancies. It is an aggressive locoregional disease, with a high rate of distant metastasis, a poor prognosis, and a mean survival rate of 3–6 months after diagnosis. The aim of this retrospective study is to analyse clinical and pathological features of ATC in order to assess treatment procedures and its outcome. Methods: We analysed data from 22 patients diagnosed with ATC in the period from 2018 to 2021, using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test to determine overall survival. Results: Patients’ median age was 64.3 ± 17.1 years. Females were more affected (male/female ratio: 1:1.7); 14 cases occurred in females (63.6.4%), and eight in males (36.4%). The most common manifestations were neck enlargement (81.8%) and dyspnoea (72.27%), and the tumour size was > 4cm in 17 (77.3%) patients. The percentage of cases that presented in clinical-stage IVA was 36.4%, with 31.8% presenting in clinical-stage IVB, and 31.8% presenting in clinical-stage VIB. Among 22 cases, 14 (63.6%) were operable, and 8 (36.4) were inoperable (p=0.015). Multimodal therapies were associated with better survival (surgery plus radiotherapy without systemic treatment, P = 0.063). The median overall survival was three months (IC 95%, 0.078–5.922). One-year and two-year survival rates were 9% and 4.5%, respectively. Conclusions: ATC is a rapidly growing cancer that fortunately is rare. Early diagnosis and multimodality treatment may provide a better quality of life and survival time for this group of patients.
Predictors of perioperative hypertensive crisis in patients with pheochromocytoma: A retrospective study
Authors: Karimifar Mozhgan , Abbaspour Sina , Feizi Awat , Heidarpour Mitra 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
BackgroundPheochromocytoma is a rare adrenal gland tumor.The definitive treatment is adrenalectomy. Because of its secretory nature, appropriate preoperative treatment is essential to prevent hypertensive crisis(HTC) during surgery.Despite this management,HTC is common and can cause life-threatening complications.AimOur aim was to study variables that may affect HTC despite preoperative management.MethodsIn a retrospective study,among 126 medical records of patients with adrenal tumor who referred to Alzahra hospital, Isfahan,Iran,between 2013 and 2021,52 patients who took proper preparation for surgery were included.ResultsAnalysis of these patients showed that 12 patients experienced HTC. Among many potential predictors, we observed in multivariate analysis that patients with tumors size > 33.5mm in imaging were at higher risk for experiencing HTC (P = 0.038,OR:13.1,CI:1.26–135.26); taking amlodipine to help reducing blood pressures(BPs) was another significant predictor (P = 0.05,OR:5.1,CI:0.97–56.74). Mean values of systolic BP(SBP) and diastolic BP(DBP) before surgery in HTC group was more, although it wasn’t statistically significant.ConclusionTumor sizes > 33.5mm(imaging)and necessity of administering amlodipine to control BP were predictors of HTC but when reported by pathology,it wasn’t significantly different and it suggests that tumor size has no effect on HTC.However, due to rarity of pheochromocytoma, multicenter studies with larger sample size for providing more reliable results are suggested.
Association of IL-6 -174 G/C and TNF-α - 308 G/A polymorphisms with periodontitis in patients undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: Perez Mariana de Moraes Corrêa , Cavalcanti Mariana Silva Teixeira , Dantas Fernanda Suely Barros , Pessoa Katarina Haluli Janô da Veiga , Vasconcelos Luydson Richardson Silva , Gueiros Luiz Alcino Monteiro , Leão Jair Carneiro , Carvalho Alessandra Albuquerque Tavares 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective
To correlate the presence and severity of periodontal disease with the genetic polymorphisms IL-6 -174 G/C and TNF-α -308 G/A in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis.
Background
Periodontal problems modify systemic health and may worsen morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted, which evaluated a group of patients who were undergoing hemodialysis (case group) and a control group of patients with chronic kidney disease. Periodontal diagnosis was established by assessing the probing depth, bleeding, and clinical attachment loss and diagnosing the degree, stage, and location of the periodontitis. Nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped by allelic discrimination using real-time PCR.
Results
We evaluated 84 patients (case: n = 43; control: n = 41), of whom 54.7% were women, with a mean age of 46.6 ± 12 years. No statistically significant differences were observed in the presence of periodontal disease between the case (76.7%) and control (73.2%) groups. Periodontal disease stage (p = 0.655), degree (p = 0.512), and location (p = 0.904) showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups or in comparison to the allelic and genotypic distributions of IL-6 and TNF-α. In categorizing patients according to the stage of periodontitis, statistically significant results were obtained in the hemodialysis group, which suggests that the GG genotype and absence of the C allele relate to greater periodontal destruction.
Conclusion
Allele C has a protective effect on the severity of periodontal disease in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
The effects of a Cilostazol, a selective phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, on liver ischemic-reperfusion injury and liver regeneration; In vitro experimental study
Authors: Aksoy Erkan , Ocak Özlem Karaca , Ergenç Hasan , Ergenç Zeynep , Çakmak Güldeniz Karadeniz 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
IntroductionHepatectomy and transplantation cause liver damage through ischemic reperfusion and oxidative stress. There is no treatment available to improve liver regeneration and reduce ischemic-reperfusion injury. The present study aimed to investigate whether a selective phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, Cilostazol, improves ischemic reperfusion injury and liver regeneration following extended hepatectomy.Material and MethodWistar albino rats (n=40) were randomized and divided into four equal groups. All rats underwent 60% hepatectomy, and Cilostazol (5 mg/kg per day) was administered to the experimental group. The subjects were sacrificed on the 4th and 7th days following the resection. Blood samples were taken to evaluate liver enzymes (ALT, AST), and liver tissue samples were taken to analyze morphology. Biochemical, morphological, and histopathological parameters were compared between Groups.ResultsNo statistically significant differences were detected in ALT, AST values ​​, and relative liver weights in rats treated with Cilostazol compared to the control Group without Cilostazol. Although not statistically significant, a significant increase was detected in relative liver weight and a decrease in AST value in rats treated with Cilostazol. SOD activity was significantly higher, and GSH levels, MPO, and AOPPs were significantly lower in Cilostazol applied Groups. It is seen in these findings that selective inhibition of PDE3 by Cilostazol improves hepatic circulation. It was also found that ischemic reperfusion injury decreased, and regeneration markers such as mitosis index, even nucleus, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ratio increased in rats treated with Cilostazol.ConclusionThe present study found that selective PDE3 inhibitor Cilostazol positively affected the histopathological parameters following extended liver resection and significantly increased hepatocellular proliferation.
Discovery of molecular networks of neuroprotection conferred by Brahmi extract in Aβ42-induced toxicity model of Drosophila melanogaster using a quantitative proteomic approach
Authors: Deolankar Sayali Chandrashekhar , Najar Mohd Altaf , Ramesh Poornima , Kanichery Anagha , Kudva Avinash K. , Raghu Shamprasad Varija , Prasad T. S. Keshava 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Accumulation of Aβ42 peptides forming plaque in various regions of the brain is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression. However, to date, there is no effective management strategy reported for attenuation of Aβ42 induced toxicity in the early stages of the disease. Alternate medicinal systems such as Ayurveda in the past few decades show promising results in the management of neuronal complications. Medhya Rasayana such as Brahmi is known for its neuroprotective properties via resolving memory-related issues, while the underlying molecular mechanism of the same remains unclear. In the present study, we aimed to understand the neuroprotective effects of the aqueous extract of Bacopa monnieri and Centella asiatica (commonly known as Brahmi) against the Aβ42 expressing model of the Drosophila melanogaster. By applying a quantitative proteomics approach, the study identified > 90% of differentially expressed proteins from Aβ42 expressing D. melanogaster were either restored to their original expression pattern or showed no change in expression pattern upon receiving either Brahmi extract treatment. The Brahmi restored proteins were part of neuronal pathways associated with cell cycle re-entry, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dynamics. The neuroprotective effect of Brahmi was also validated by negative geotaxis behavioral analysis suggesting its protective role against behavioral deficits exerted by Aβ42 toxicity. We believe that these discoveries will provide a platform for developing novel therapeutics for AD management by deciphering molecular targets of neuroprotection conferred by an aqueous extract of Bacopa monnieri or Centella asiatica.
Influence of social, demographic, and clinical factors in live births with spinal dysraphism in Brazil: an ecological study of 21 years
Authors: Oliveira Raissa Tereza Casseb , Dantas Diego Bessa , de Andrade Edila Monteiro , Affonso Márcio Vinicius de Gouveia , de Marin Ana Beatriz Rocha , Gomes Fabiana de Campos , Gonçalves Nelson Veiga , de Melo-Neto João Simão 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to verify possible associations between sociodemographic and clinical factors in live births with spinal dysraphism .Methods: An analytical (descriptive and inferential), ecological study was carried out based on secondary data of 11,308 live births with spinal dysraphism registered in the Live Birth Information System (SINASC) in Brazil from 1999 to 2019. Demographic factors analyzed were age, education, mothers' marital status and geographic region. The clinical factors analyzed were duration, gestation period, birthweight and number of prenatal visits performed by women who underwent medical follow-up.Results: There was an increase in the number of cases of spinal dysraphism in recent years in Brazil with an annual percentage variation of 3.52%. However, the period from 2005 to 2009 showed a reduction in live births with spinal dysraphism . The regions with the highest incidence were the South and Southeast. The risk increased in mothers born after 1980, older than 30 years and with a high level of education. The risk was increased in live births of whites and blacks, born from double pregnancy and with body weight less than 3,000 g. The absence of prenatal care was associated with a higher incidence.Conclusion: Sociodemographic and clinical factors have specific characteristics that can predict spinal dysraphism in newborns in Brazil.
Acute Headache Management for Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An International Survey of Healthcare Providers
Authors: Maciel Carolina B. , Barlow Brooke , Lucke-Wold Brandon , Gobinathan Arravintha , Abu-Mowis Zaid , Peethala Mounika Mukherjee , Merck Lisa H. , Aspide Raffaele , Dickinson Katie , Miao Guanhong , Shan Guogen , Bilotta Federico , Morris Nicholas , Citerio Giuseppe , Busl Katharina M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Severe headaches are common after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Guidelines recommend treatment with acetaminophen and opioids, but patient data show that headaches often persist despite multimodal treatment approaches. Considering an overall slim body of data for a common complaint affecting SAH patients during their intensive care stay, we set out to assess practice patterns in headache management among clinicians who treat patients with SAH.Methods: We conducted an international cross-sectional study through a 37-question web-based survey distributed to members of 5 professional societies relevant to intensive and neurocritical care from 11/2021-1/2022. Responses were characterized through descriptive analyses; Fisher’s exact test was used to test associations.Results: Of 516 responses, 329/497 (66%) were from North America and 121/497 (24%) from Europe. 379/435 (87%) reported headache as major management concern for SAH patients. Intensive-care-teams were primarily responsible for analgesia during hospitalization (249/435, 57%), while responsibility shifted to neurosurgery at discharge (233/501, 47%). Most used medications were acetaminophen (90%), opioids (66%), corticosteroids (28%) and antiseizure medications (28%). Opioids or medication combinations including opioids were most frequently perceived as most effective, by 169/433 (39%, predominantly intensivists), followed by corticosteroids or combinations with corticosteroids (96/433, 22%, predominantly neurologists). Of medications prescribed at discharge, acetaminophen was most common (303/381, 80%), followed by opioids (175/381 [46%]), and antiseizure medications (173/381, 45%). Opioids during hospitalization were significantly more prescribed by intensivists, by providers managing higher numbers of SAH patients, and in Europe. At discharge, opioids were more frequently prescribed in North America. 299/435 (69%) indicated no change in prescription practice of opioids with the opioid crisis. Additional differences in prescription patterns between continents and providers, and inpatient versus discharge were found. Conclusions: Post-SAH headache in the intensive care setting is a major clinical concern. Analgesia heavily relies on opioids both in utilization and in perception of efficacy, with no reported change in prescription patterns for opioids for most providers despite the significant drawbacks of opioids. Responsibility for analgesia shifts between hospitalization and discharge. International and provider-related differences are evident. Novel treatment strategies and alignment of prescription between providers are urgently needed.
Exploration of diet quality predictors in early care and education centers
Authors: Davis EN , Pavela G , Fernandez JR , Jones PA , Evans R , YE Cedillo , Bertrand B 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Over 75% of children ages 2-5 years attend Early Care and Education (ECE) centers, where they consume most of their daily caloric intake. This study sought to identify characteristics of ECE centers such as the state licensure, facility type (if centers are part of a local religious church or are not; faith-based or center-based, respectively), household income, monthly tuition, if cook taught in the classroom, daily attendance, hours children spent at the center, access to foods, menu substitutions, and who develops the menu; characteristics that predict the diet quality of menus as prepared by the center, the quality of meals served by the center, and discrepancies in diet quality between the menu and what was served.Methods: This observational study assessed associations between center characteristics and diet quality using menu collection and visual observation of food/beverages. Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI) scores were calculated for food/beverages listed on menus (HEI_MENU), served to children (HEI_SERVED), and differences between MENU and SERVED (HEI_M-S). Multiple linear regression identified predictors of MENU, SERVED, and M-S.Results: 53 centers were included, 68% (n=36) center-based and 32% (n=17) faith-based. Of the ECE centers analyzed, 75% held Alabama licensure and 58% participated in Child and Adult Care Feeding Program. The HEI scores of ECE menus were associated with facility type, such that center-based ECEs had higher HEI scores compared to faith-based centers (p=0.04). Center-based ECEs showed a menu HEI mean score of 62.4 ± 11.0 and served HEI score of 56.3 ± 12.2. No additional center characteristics were associated with measures of dietary quality. Conclusions: Facility type was identified as a preliminary predictor of menu diet quality. In Alabama, center-based ECEs are required to be licensed and meet the Food Nutrition Services (FNS) meal pattern guidelines. For faith-based ECEs, licensure is optional, so they face fewer regulations to meet the FNS meal pattern guidelines. Additional research should explore licensure as a potential mediator between facility type and HEI_MENU diet quality.