bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proportion and trend in the age of cigarette smoking initiation among adolescent smoking experiencers aged 13–15 years in 148 countries/territories
Authors: Xing Shuhui , Zhao Min , Magnussen Costan G. , Xi Bo 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundLimited studies have assessed the recent proportion and trend in the age of cigarette smoking initiation among adolescent smoking experiencers globally. We aimed to assess the recent global proportion, associated factors and the long-term trend of the initiated age of cigarette smoking among adolescent smoking experiencers.MethodsWe used data from the most recent Global Youth Tobacco Survey on 99,728 adolescent smoking experiencers aged 13–15 years from 144 countries/territories (hereafter “countries”) that had conducted at least one survey in 2010–20, to assess the recent proportion of the age of cigarette smoking initiation. Additionally, we used data from 148 countries that had conducted ≥2 surveys between 1999 and 2020, to assess the trend in the average age of cigarette smoking initiation.ResultsAmong 99,728 adolescent smoking experiencers aged 13–15 years, the proportions of initiating cigarette smoking when aged ≤ 9 years, 10–11 years, 12–13 years, and 14–15 years were 22.8% (95%CI 21.3–24.4), 18.8% (17.3–20.2), 36.8% (34.5–39.2), and 21.6% (19.9–23.2), respectively. The average age of cigarette smoking initiation decreased by 0.44 years per 5 calendar-years averagely in 17 (11.5%) of 148 countries, was unchanged in 95 (64.2%) countries, and increased by 0.38 years per 5 calendar-years averagely in 36 (24.3%) countries. Higher income category (reference group: low-income countries; lower-middle-income: OR = 0.44, 95%CI = 0.28–0.70; upper-middle-income: OR = 0.56, 95%CI = 0.38–0.83; high-income: OR = 0.35, 95%CI = 0.22–0.53) and Framework Convention on Tobacco Control ratification (OR = 0.51, 95%CI = 0.42–0.63) were inversely associated with early cigarette smoking initiation.ConclusionsA substantial proportion (~80%) of adolescent smoking experiencers aged 13–15 years initiated cigarette smoking before 13 years, and the average age of cigarette smoking initiation decreased or remained unchanged in nearly three quarters of the countries surveyed. These findings emphasize that national governments around the world need to strengthen intervention strategies and measures aimed at children and adolescents to prevent smoking up-take.
Factors determining the quality of health services provided to COVID-19 patients from the perspective of healthcare providers: Based on the Donabedian model
Authors: Moayed Malihe Sadat , Khalili Robabe , Ebadi Abbas , Parandeh Akram 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesThe present study aims to explain factors determining the quality of health services provided to COVID-19 patients from the perspective of healthcare providers based on the Donabedian model.MethodThis qualitative study was conducted at a referral hospital on COVID-19 patients in Tehran, in 2020. The data were collected through individual and semi-structured interviews from 20 participants using the purposive sampling method. Besides, data analysis was conducted simultaneously using the directed content analysis method.ResultsData analysis results produced 850 primary codes in three predetermined categories of the Donabedian model, including the structure (organizational readiness and continuous training), the process (effective management and leadership, safe care, and comprehensive care measures) and outcomes (professional excellence, quantitative and qualitative improvements in hospital services, and acceptability of healthcare professionals).ConclusionThe results of this study can help managers better understand how a public health crisis affects the structure of organizations providing care and treatment, quality of treatment processes in the organization, and the consequences. In addition, this study can be used as a model for optimizing the structures and processes to improve outcomes.
The Influence of Rotor Adjustment Parameters on the Dynamic Balance of a Scale-Model Rigid Variable Speed Rotor
Authors: Li Liang , Chen Ming , Wang Fang , Xu Anan 
Published: November 2022

In this paper, the dynamic balance of a rigid variable speed rotor is tested and analyzed. The vibration acceleration is measured by vibration analyzer instrumentations. The rotor adjustment parameters of counterweight, pitch, and trailing-edge flap are considered. The amplitude and phase of the 1 Ω vibration acceleration are analyzed through an all-phase fast Fourier transform. The experiments are conducted using two rigid rotors with the same geometry. The accelerations of the fuselage in the x, y, and z directions are measured. Through a waterfall diagram of the auto-power spectrum, it is found that the imbalance of counterweight, pitch, and trailing-edge flap causes an obvious increase in 1 Ω and 2 Ω acceleration. The hub counterweight mainly causes the lateral and longitudinal vibration in the disc plane, and the aerodynamic factors such as pitch and trailing-edge flap mainly affect the vertical vibration. In order to achieve dynamic balance for variable speed rotors, the counterweight adjustment should be given the highest priority for the vibration in the disc plane, and the pitch and trailing-edge flap adjustment should be given the highest priority for the vertical vibration. The results obtained from this experiment may be helpful toward reasonable designs of variable speed rotor helicopters.
Clinical and Morphological Analysis of Leukoplakia of the Oral Mucosa
Authors: Карпук Н.А. , Рубникович С.П. , Медведев М.Н. 
Published: November 2022

Плоскоклеточный рак слизистой оболочки ротовой полости (СОРП) развивается, как правило, в исходе предшествующих потенциально злокачественных заболеваний, ведущим из которых является лейкоплакия. В работе изложены результаты изучения биопсийного материала 407 пациентов с лейкоплакией СОРП (ЛСОРП). Установлены различные типы гистологического строения СОРП у пациентов с ЛСОРП. У обследованных пациентов (n=407) наиболее часто (р<0,05), в 308 (75,7%) случаях, встречалась гомогенная ЛСОР (плоская форма), а не- гомогенная ЛСОР в 99 (24,3%) (веррукозная ЛСОР – в 77 (18,9%), эрозивно-язвенная – в 22 (5,4%) случаях). При всех формах ЛСОР (n=407) выявлена дисплазия эпителия: 1-й степени – у 58 (14,3%) пациентов, 2-й степени – у 22 (5,4%), 3-й степени – у 6 (1,5%). Дисплазия 2-й и 3-й степеней преобладала при негомогенной ЛСОР (p<0,05). Показано, что диспластические изменения эпителия при ЛСОРП чаще выявлялись у пациентов в возрастных группах старше 45 лет. Дисплазия 1-й степени наиболее часто встречалась в возрастных группах 45–54 и 55–64 лет; дисплазия 2-й и 3-й степени – в возрастной группе 55–64 лет. Дисплазия при кандидозной лейкоплакии встречалась чаще (p<0,05), чем при других формах.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa (ОМ) develops, as a rule, in the outcome of previous potentially malignant diseases, the most important of which is leukoplakia. The paper presents the results of studying the biopsy material of 407 patients with leukoplakia of leukoplakia of ОМ (LОМ). Various types of the histological structure of LОМ in patients with LОМ have been established. In the examined patients (n=407), homogeneous LОМ (flat form) was most common (p<0.05) in 308 (75.7%) cases, and non- homogenous LОМ in 99 (24.3%) (verrucose LОМ in 77 (18.9%) erosive-ulcerative – in 22 (5.4%) cases). Epithelial dysplasia was detected in all forms of LОМ (n=407): grade 1 – in 58 (14.3%) patients, grade 2 – in 22 (5.4%), grade 3 – in 6 (1.5%). Dysplasia of the 2nd and 3rd stages prevailed in inhomogeneous LОМ (p<0.05). It was shown that dysplastic epithelial changes in LОМ were more often detected in patients in age groups older than 45 years. Dysplasia of the 1st degree was most common in the age groups 45–54 and 55–64 years; dysplasia of the 2nd and 3rd degrees – in the age group 55–64 years. Dysplasia in candida leukoplakia was more common (p<0.05) than in other forms.
Microbial Contamination of Bone Defects in Patients with Radicular Cysts of the Jaws
Authors: Рачков А.А. , Шевела Т.Л. , Евтухов В.Л. 
Published: November 2022

Проведено молекулярно-генетическое исследование содержимого костных дефектов у пациентов с корневыми кистами челюстей с определением состава микробной флоры в динамике и оценкой генетической резистентности возбудителей к различным группам антибактериальных препаратов. Цель. Определить качественный состав микробной флоры в области костного дефекта у пациентов с корневыми кистами челюстей в динамике и резистентность флоры к различным группам антибактериальных препаратов. Материалы и методы. Исследовали качественный состав микрофлоры костных дефектов, образовавшихся в результате развития корневых кист, методом полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР) в день операции и на 3-и сутки после операции. Результаты. Согласно полученным данным, преимущественное влияние на развитие корневых кист челюстей имеют периодонтопатогенные микроорганизмы, являющиеся в числе прочего специфическими маркерами данного заболевания. Определена зависимость частоты выявления патогенов от их морфологических характеристик. Микрофлора всех взятых образцов обладала резистентностью ко всем группам антибактериальных препаратов, кроме метронидазола. Заключение. Для полной оценки клинической картины, планирования хирургического лечения и корректного назначения антибактериальных препаратов пациентам следует проводить молекулярно-генетическое исследование состава микробной флоры в очаге инфекции с определением генетической резистентности.
A molecular-genetic study of the contents of bone defects in patients with radicular cysts of the jaws was carried out, with the determination of composition of microbial flora in dynamics and the assessment of the genetic resistance of pathogens to various groups of antibacterial drugs. Purpose. To determine the qualitative composition of microbial flora in the area of the bone defect in patients with radicular cysts of the jaws in dynamics and to determine the resistance of the flora to various groups of antibacterial drugs. Materials and methods. The qualitative composition of the microflora of bone defects formed as a result of the development of radicular cysts was studied by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on the day of surgery and on the 3rd day after surgery. Results. According to the data obtained, periodontopathogenic microorganisms, which, among other things, are specific markers of this disease, have a predominant effect on the development of root cysts of the jaws. The dependence of the detection rate of pathogens on their morphological characteristics was determined. The microflora of all the samples taken was resistant to all groups of antibacterial drugs, except for metronidazole. Conclusion. For a complete assessment of the clinical picture, planning of surgical treatment and the correct prescription of antibacterial drugs to patients, a molecular genetic study of the composition of the microbial flora in the focus of infection with the determination of genetic resistance should be carried out.
Penerapan Aplikasi Pemburu Jentik dalam Upaya Pemberantasan Sarang Nyamuk
Authors: Saptaningtyas Ragil , Rahajoe Toeti , Ruri Wulan Hidayatul Maghfiroh  , Chyntia Rahmawati  
Published: November 2022

Demam berdarah (DB) / dengue fever (DF) adalah penyakit yang ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk, terutama Aedes aegypty atau Aedes albopictus sebagai vektor dari virus dengue. Penyebab dari DF adalah infeksi dari salah satu virus dari 4 serotipe virus dengue (DENV-1, 2, 3, dan 4). Pengendalian vektor virus dengue dapat dilakukan dengan gerakan pemberantasan sarang nyamuk (PSN) 3M plus. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat pada kelompok PKK RT. 6 RW.28 Bukit Mutiara Jaya III adalah untuk meningkatkan ketentraman masyarakat melalui peningkatan kesehatan dan penerapan aplikasi BUTIK untuk mempermudah PSN dan mempercepat proses pelaporan. Metode pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat dilakukan dengan survey lokasi, mengurus permohonan menjadi mitra dan ijin kegiatan kepada ketua PKK. Pelaksaan pengabdian kepada masyarakat meliputi sosialisasi penggunaan aplikasi BUTIK, anggota PKK memasang aplikasi pada smartphone milik pribadi, kemudian pelaksanaan PSN ke rumah warga dengan menggunakan aplikasi BUTIK. Hasil kegiatan berdasarkan kuisioner menjunjukkan 97% peserta setuju bahwa aplikasi BUTIK membantu dan bermanfaat dalam pelaksanaan PSN. Kesimpulan dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang telah dilakukan adalah Aplikasi BUTIK telah disosialisasikan dan diterapkan kepada kelompok PKK Rt. 6 Bukit Mutiara Jaya III dan peserta merasa aplikasi BUTIK bermanfaat untuk peningkatan kesehatan dan mempermudah pelaporan PSN di kelompok PKK Rt. 6 Bukit Mutiara Jaya III.
Development of Low-Cost Electrospinning to Fabricate Structured Nanofiber for Biomedical Designs with Manageable Flowrate and Voltage
Authors: YUSRO MUHAMMAD , Kadarisman Kadarisman 
Published: November 2022

Electrospinning is the most popular method that uses in nanofiber production. However, the budget to purchase this tool in the market is expensive. This article reports how to build electrospinning at a lesser cost. There are three main components in electrospinning that will be broken down regarding how to build it. First, the Syringe pump creates machinery to push the liquid in the syringe creating a Taylor cone affected by high voltage. Second, a high voltage power supply occurs electrostatic force. Third, the collector gathers nanofiber products. This machine has cost Rp 3.168.822 or $220,26. This number is less than the shop production or the previous report to create low-cost electrospinning. To make sure that this method successfully creates nanofiber. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is conducted and the result shows that the fiber size is 719±0,06 nanometers. Moreover, the flow rate and the voltage also have been assessed resulting that they are in a controllable manner by showing a linear profile. In this article, the budget is shared to declare that this electrospinning is more affordable. Hopefully, this report could help researchers who intend to build electrospinning at the lab scale to develop their research in nanofiber products with less cost
Pengaruh Metode Concept Sentence terhadap Keterampilan Menulis Teks Eksplanasi pada Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 20 Bandung Tahun Ajaran 2021/2022
Authors: Aprilia Dwi 
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendapatkan informasi mengenai: (1) pengaruh metode concept sentence terhadap motivasi siswa kelas VIII yang termasuk kelompok eksperimen SMP Negeri 20 Bandung tahun ajaran 2021/2022; (2) pengaruh metode concept sentence terhadap keterampilan menulis teks eksplanasi pada siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 20 Bandung tahun ajaran 2021/2022; (3) pembuktian nilai keterampilan siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 20 Bandung tahun ajaran 2021/2022 yang diampu dengan metode concept sentance lebih baik daripada siswa yang diampu dengan metode konvensional. Penelitian eksperimen ini merupakan penelitian nonequivalent control group desaign yang terdiri dari kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol. Subjek penelitian ini yakni 32 siswa kelas VIIIF (kelompok eksperimen) dan 32 siswa VIIIE (kelompok kontrol) di SMP Negeri 20 Bandung. Pengumpulan data didapat dari tes (pretes dan pascates) dan nontes (angket dan wawancara). Instrumen terdiri dari 1 soal dan 25 instrumen angket yang dinyatakan valid dan reliabel. Koefisian reliabilitas soal sebesar 0,83 dan reliabilitas instrumen yakni 0,87. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa: (1) hasil angket pada prates kelompok eksperimen sebelum menggunakan metode concept sentence menyatakan bahwa siswa ragu-ragu (67,07%), sedangkan hasil pascates siswa berkategori setuju (72,93%) bahwa siswa termotivasi dalam belajar; (2) nilai yang didapat prates dan pascates kelompok ekperimen (0,710 dan 0,670) dan prates dan pascates kelompok kontrol (0,293 dan 0,268) berdistribusi normal. Hasil thitung (-14.160) < -ttabel (-2.03) menunjukkan bahwa metode concept sentence berpengaruh terhadap keterampilan menulis siswa kelas eksperimen; (3) Hasil thitung (4.446) > ttabel (2.03) membuktikan bahwa nilai keterampilan menulis teks eksplanasi siswa yang diampu dengan metode concept sentence lebih baik daripada siswa yang diampu dengan metode konvensional.
MICROTERRITORIALIZAÇÕES HOMOAFETIVAS NA CIDADE DE PRESIDENTE PRUDENTE-SP
Authors: Da Costa Benhur Pinós , Bernardes Antonio 
Published: November 2022

A partir das considerações acerca da multiculturalidade, discutimos as identidades homoafetivas e suas formas de relação no espaço urbano, notadamente, as suas diferentes microterritorializações, na área central da cidade de Presidente Prudente. A área considerada destaca-se pela centralidade que exerce nas atividades de lazer noturno da cidade e por concentrar bares cujos frequentadores possuem diferentes perfis socioeconômicos e culturais, um dos quais atende, especificamente, o público homoafetivo. Como pano de fundo dessas dinâmicas sociais, trazemos também para a discussão as relações de interface, ou seja, aquelas que são mediadas eletronicamente, como um modo contemporâneo de manifestação das identidades e das diferentes territorialidades.
CIUDADES CONTEMPORÁNEAS
Authors: Lacarrieu Mônica 
Published: November 2022

El objetivo de este texto es analizar la conformación de microterritorialidades en la ciudad de Buenos Aires. ¿Por qué se vuelve relevante hablar de y pensar sobre fronteras en un mundo de flujos? ¿Podemos aventurar en que las ciudades actuales se construyen en base a un tipo peculiar relacionado a la idea de fronteras? ¿Es que habitamos y nos movemos entre “ciudades con fronteras”, o buscamos replegarnos entre “fronteras en las ciudades”? No es azaroso que nuestras preguntas partan de la categoría de frontera, pues, desde nuestra perspectiva, la visión asociada a la microterritorialidad está preconceptuada, y al mismo tiempo vivida y significada entre delimitaciones reales o imaginadas. Es nuestro objetivo volver sobre las prácticas sociales que se constituyen en la lógica de diferentes actores sociales, desde las cuales se co-producen compleja y conflictivamente sistemas y políticas de lugares (DELGADO, 1998) que trascienden la condición territorial, discutiendo con la visión espacial y culturalista que tiende a construir en planos de igualdad los diferentes territorios y agrupamientos sociales.
PENGARUH ORANG TUA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DI RUMAH SELAMA PANDEMI COVID 19 DENGAN METODE KUALITATIF
Authors: NURIYAH SHINTA , Aisyah Yeni Lutfiatin Dewi , Umma Alfira Ayu Talita , Agustin Ardianti 
Published: November 2022

Dunia sedang menghadapi wabah besar yaitu covid 19, Indonesia juga menjadi salahsatu negara yang terpapar virus ini. Semua aspek kehidupan berubah dari kondisi normal, banyak kegiatan terhenti salah satunya adalah proses belajar disekolah. Kegiatan belajar siswa disekolah berpindah menjadi kegiatan belajar dirumah. Orang tua menggantikan peran guru disekolah dalam membimbing dan mendampingi selama proses belajar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh orang tua dalam pembelajaran di rumah selama pandemi covid 19, metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif pendekatan studi kasus dengan teknik wawancara kepada subjek penelitian yaitu orangtua, subjek penelitian melibatkan 3 orang tua. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Temuan penelitian berdasarkan data yang diperoleh bahwasanya Orang tua dalam pembelajaran siswa dirumah selama pandemi covid 19 dikatakan memiliki pengaruh saat orang tua membantu anak dalam pembelajaran dirumah selama pandemi covid 19 yang berarti bahwa peran orang tua sangat di perlukan untuk proses pembelajaran anak selama study from home ini, peran orang tua cukup besar dalam pembelajaran bukan hanya menjadi pendamping tetapi juga pendidik yang menggantikan peran guru disekolah.
MODEL KOMUNIKASI ANTAR BUDAYA ETNIK MADURA DAN ETNIK MELAYU
Authors: Dewi Yeni Lutfiatin , Zuroida Aironi 
Published: November 2022

Dalam komunikasi antar budaya, seorang mempunyai budaya yang tidak sinkron dengan orang lain wajib mampu mendalami dan mengkaji bagaimana mereka berkomunikasi menggunakan orang yang tidak sinkron budaya. Pada penelitian ini dapat diketahui model komunikasi antar budaya serta hambatan - hambatan komunikasi antar budaya antara etnik Madura serta Melayu. Adapun metodologi yang digunakan dalam penyusunan jurnal ini ialah menggunakan studi literatur (Literature Review) yang didalamnya berupa uraian tentang teori, temuan, dan bahan penelitian lainnya yang diperoleh dari bahan acuan untuk kemudian dijadikan landasan kegiatan penelitian untuk menyusun kerangka pemikiran yang jelas dari perumusan masalah yang ingin diteliti. Hasil penelitian mengemukakan bahwa bentuk komunikasi antar budaya yaitu saling menghormati serta menghargai istiadat kebiasaan etnik masing-masing. Etnik Melayu menghormati dan menghargai istiadat norma etnik Madura begitu juga kebalikannya. Sedangkan faktor penghambat dalam komunikasi antarbudaya yaitu masyarakat Madura kurang bisa membaur dengan warga Melayu, kurangnya pengetahuan etnik Madura terhadap tradisi ataupun kebiasaan yg dilakukan rakyat etnik Melayu, rendahnya harapan buat mengikuti adat serta tradisi rakyat setempat, dan frekuensi interaksi menggunakan rakyat tergolong rendah.
KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL (EQ) SISWA SMK WIJAYA PUTRA SURABAYA DITINJAU DARI POLA ASUH ORANG TUA
Authors: Oktaviani Devina , Grahani Firsty Oktaria , Kusnadi Starry Kierida 
Published: November 2022

Emotional intelligence in question is the individual's ability to know the causes of the emergence of emotions and control the feelings of oneself and others, as well as how individuals establish good relationships with the surrounding environment. Emotional intelligence cannot be separated from family factors. Of course, in a family applying certain parenting styles in educating their children. There are three types of parenting styles, namely: authoritarian, democratic, and permissive. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are differences in emotional intelligence (EQ) of students at SMK Wijaya Putra Surabaya in terms of parenting. The scale of emotional intelligence used in this study was adapted by Rahmatullah (2020). While the scale of parenting used in this study was adapted by Rachmansyah (2017). Data collection techniques in the form of a questionnaire, namely emotional intelligence consisting of 54 items and parenting patterns consisting of 48 items using incidental sampling. The research method used is descriptive quantitative. The results showed that there was a significant difference in emotional intelligence among students of SMK Wijaya Putra Surabaya with a significance value of 0.001 <0.05. The conclusion obtained from this study is that there are differences between students' emotional intelligence based on parenting patterns.
Accretion from Winds of Red Giant Branch Stars May Reveal the Supermassive Black Hole in Leo I
Authors: Pacucci Fabio , Loeb Abraham 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A supermassive black hole (SMBH) of ∼3 × 106
M
⊙ was recently detected via dynamical measurements at the center of the dwarf galaxy Leo I. Standing ∼2 orders of magnitude above standard scaling relations, this SMBH is hosted by a galaxy devoid of gas and with no significant star formation in the last ∼1 Gyr. This detection can profoundly impact the formation models for black holes and their hosts. We propose that winds from a population of ∼100 evolved stars within the Bondi radius of the SMBH produce a sizable accretion rate, with Eddington ratios between 9 × 10−8 and 9 × 10−7, depending on the value of the stellar mass loss. These rates are typical of SMBHs accreting in advection-dominated accretion flow mode. The predicted spectrum peaks in the microwaves at ∼0.1–1 THz (300–3000 μm) and exhibits significant variations at higher energies depending on the accretion rate. We predict a radio flux of ∼0.1 mJy at 6 GHz, mildly dependent on the accretion properties. Deep imaging with Chandra, the Very Large Array, and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array can confirm the presence of this SMBH and constrain its accretion flow.