bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate impacts alter fisheries productivity and turnover on coral reefs
Authors: Hamilton Mark , Robinson James P. W. , Benkwitt Cassandra E. , Wilson Shaun K. , MacNeil M. Aaron , Ebrahim Ameer , Graham Nicholas A. J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlteration of benthic reef habitat after coral bleaching and mortality induces changes in fish assemblages, with implications for fisheries. Our understanding of climate impacts to coral reef fisheries is largely based on fish abundance and biomass. The rates at which biomass is produced and replenished (productivity and turnover) are also important to sustaining fisheries, yet the responses of these metrics following bleaching are largely unknown. Here, we examine changes in fish productivity and turnover after mass coral bleaching events in Seychelles, on reefs that were recovering to coral-dominated habitats and those that shifted to macroalgae-dominated regimes. Productivity of fish assemblages increased on all recovering reefs, particularly on fished reefs resulting in levels similar to protected reefs 19 years after bleaching. Herbivore-detritivores, such as scraping and excavating parrotfish, appeared to drive biomass production through increased abundance on recovering reefs. Productivity on regime-shifted reefs remained stable at 1994 levels in fished areas, with increases observed on protected reefs. Large increases in browser productivity (particularly on protected reefs), combined with increases for invertivores, maintained post-bleaching productivity on macroalgal reefs. For all diet groups, net turnover was generally higher on fished regime-shifted reefs than on recovering reefs, suggesting fish biomass is more readily replenished on macroalgal reefs. Reef structural complexity was a positive predictor of productivity for all diet groups. These findings indicate that post-bleaching reef fish productivity is strongly influenced by benthic recovery trajectories, and demonstrates the importance of herbivore and invertivore species in sustaining small-scale inshore fisheries following climatic disturbances.
Mechanical characterization of composite materials with rectangular microstructure and voids
Authors: Colatosti Marco , Shi Farui , Fantuzzi Nicholas , Trovalusci Patrizia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this work is to study the mechanical behavior of microstructured materials, in particular porous media. We consider a detailed description of the material through a discrete model, considered as the benchmark of the problem. Two continuous models, one micropolar and one classic, obtained through a homogenization procedure of the material, are studied both in static and dynamic conditions. Furthermore, the internal characteristics of the material, such as the internal scale of the microstructure and the percentage of the voids, are made to vary in order to investigate the mechanical response and to have an exhaustive comparison among the models.
Impact of acute dynamic exercise and arterial shear rate modification on radial artery low-flow mediated constriction in young men
Authors: Alali Mohammad H. , Lucas Rebekah A. I. , Junejo Rehan T. , Fisher James P. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Leg cycling exercise acutely augments radial artery low-flow mediated constriction (L-FMC). Herein, we sought to determine whether this is associated with exercise-induced changes in arterial shear rate (SR).

Methods
Ten healthy and recreationally active young men (23 ± 2 years) participated in 30 min of incremental leg cycling exercise (50, 100, 150 Watts). Trials were repeated with (Exercise + WC) and without (Exercise) the use of a wrist cuff (75 mmHg) placed distal to the radial artery to increase local retrograde SR while reducing mean and anterograde SR. Radial artery characteristics were measured throughout the trial, and L-FMC and flow mediated dilatation (FMD) were assessed before and acutely (~ 10 min) after leg cycling.

Results
Exercise increased radial artery mean and anterograde SR, along with radial artery diameter, velocity, blood flow and conductance (P < 0.05). Exercise + WC attenuated the exercise-induced increase in mean and anterograde SR (P > 0.05) but also increased retrograde SR (P < 0.05). In addition, increases in radial artery blood flow and diameter were reduced during Exercise + WC (Exercise + WC vs. Exercise, P < 0.05). After Exercise, L-FMC was augmented (− 4.4 ± 1.4 vs. − 13.1 ± 1.6%, P < 0.05), compared to no change in L-FMC after Exercise + WC (− 5.2 ± 2.0 vs. − 3.0 ± 1.6%, P > 0.05). In contrast, no change in FMD was observed in either Exercise or Exercise + WC trials (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
These findings indicate that increases in L-FMC following exercise are abolished by the prevention of increases radial artery diameter, mean and anterograde SR, and by elevation of retrograde SR, during exercise in young men.
Selective decontamination of the digestive tract in colorectal surgery reduces anastomotic leakage and costs: a propensity score analysis
Authors: Bogner Andreas , Stracke Maximilian , Bork Ulrich , Wolk Steffen , Pecqueux Mathieu , Kaden Sandra , Distler Marius , Kahlert Christoph , Weitz Jürgen , Welsch Thilo , Fritzmann Johannes 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Anastomotic leakage (AL) and surgical site infection (SSI) account for most postoperative complications in colorectal surgery. The aim of this retrospective trial was to investigate whether perioperative selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) reduces these complications and to provide a cost-effectiveness model for elective colorectal surgery.

Methods
All patients operated between November 2016 and March 2020 were included in our analysis. Patients in the primary cohort (PC) received SDD and those in the historical control cohort (CC) did not receive SDD. In the case of rectal/sigmoid resection, SDD was also applied via a transanally placed Foley catheter (TAFC) for 48 h postoperatively. A propensity score-matched analysis was performed to identify risk factors for AL and SSI. Costs were calculated based on German diagnosis-related group (DRG) fees per case.

Results
A total of 308 patients (154 per cohort) with a median age of 62.6 years (IQR 52.5–70.8) were analyzed. AL was observed in ten patients (6.5%) in the PC and 23 patients (14.9%) in the CC (OR 0.380, 95% CI 0.174–0.833; P = 0.016). SSI occurred in 14 patients (9.1%) in the PC and 30 patients in the CC (19.5%), representing a significant reduction in our SSI rate (P = 0.009). The cost-effectiveness analysis showed that SDD is highly effective in saving costs with a number needed to treat of 12 for AL and 10 for SSI.

Conclusion
SDD significantly reduces the incidence of AL and SSI and saves costs for the general healthcare system.
Mechanisms of ion transport regulation by HNF1β in the kidney: beyond transcriptional regulation of channels and transporters
Authors: Tholen Lotte E. , Hoenderop Joost G. J. , de Baaij Jeroen H. F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHepatocyte nuclear factor 1β (HNF1β) is a transcription factor essential for the development and function of the kidney. Mutations in and deletions ofHNF1βcause autosomal dominant tubule interstitial kidney disease (ADTKD) subtype HNF1β, which is characterized by renal cysts, diabetes, genital tract malformations, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Electrolyte disturbances including hypomagnesemia, hyperuricemia, and hypocalciuria are common in patients with ADTKD-HNF1β. Traditionally, these electrolyte disturbances have been attributed to HNF1β-mediated transcriptional regulation of gene networks involved in ion transport in the distal part of the nephron includingFXYD2,CASR,KCNJ16, andFXR. In this review, we propose additional mechanisms that may contribute to the electrolyte disturbances observed in ADTKD-HNF1β patients. Firstly, kidney development is severely affected inHnf1b-deficient mice. HNF1β is required for nephron segmentation, and the absence of the transcription factor results in rudimentary nephrons lacking mature proximal tubule, loop of Henle, and distal convoluted tubule cluster. In addition, HNF1β is proposed to be important for apical-basolateral polarity and tight junction integrity in the kidney. Interestingly, cilia formation is unaffected byHnf1bdefects in several models, despite the HNF1β-mediated transcriptional regulation of many ciliary genes. To what extent impaired nephron segmentation, apical-basolateral polarity, and cilia function contribute to electrolyte disturbances in HNF1β patients remains elusive. Systematic phenotyping ofHnf1bmouse models and the development of patient-specific kidney organoid models will be essential to advance future HNF1β research.
Health-related quality of life of advanced prostate cancer patients and spouses: results from actor-partner interdependence models
Authors: Sauer Christina , Ihrig Andreas , Hanslmeier Tobias , Huber Johannes , Hiller Kiriaki , Friederich Hans-Christoph , Maatouk Imad 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Patients with prostate cancer (PC) and their spouses are confronted with several treatment-related and psychosocial challenges that can reduce their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Patients with advanced PC (aPC) and their spouses are at highest risk for psychological distress and show lower HRQoL compared with couples in other phases. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychological interdependencies between HRQoL and anxiety, fear of progression (FoP), and depression in patients with aPC and their spouses.

Methods
Ninety-six heterosexual couples with aPC participated in this cross-sectional study. Patients and spouses provided information about anxiety and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-4), fear of progression (short form of the Fear of Progression Questionnaire), and HRQoL (EORTC QoL-C30, version 3). Psychological interdependencies were analyzed with various actor-partner interdependence models using structural equation modeling.

Results
Anxiety, FoP, and depression were significant predictors of HRQoL for patients with aPC and their spouses (actor effects). Spouses’ anxiety and FoP were negatively associated with patients’ HRQoL (partner effects), showing that patients’ HRQoL is associated with their own and their spouses’ anxiety and FoP. No partner effect was revealed between depression and HRQoL in the patients or spouses.

Conclusions
The resulted partner effects between spouses and patients underline the importance of considering HRQoL in patients with aPC from a dyadic perspective. It is important that physicians explore patients’ and spouses’ needs and psychological burden to offer support and access to psycho-oncological services. Future studies are needed to investigate the effects of suitable interventions on spouses’ anxiety and FoP.
What is success of treatment? Expected outcome scores in cervical radiculopathy patients were much higher than the previously reported cut-off values for success
Authors: Taso Mirad , Sommernes Jon Håvard , Bjorland Siri , Zwart John Anker , Engebretsen Kaia Beck , Sundseth Jarle , Pripp Are Hugo , Kolstad Frode , Brox Jens Ivar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Treatment success can be defined by asking a patient how they perceive their condition compared to prior to treatment, but it can also be defined by establishing success criteria in advance. We evaluated treatment outcome expectations in patients undergoing surgery or non-operative treatment for cervical radiculopathy.

Methods
The first 100 consecutive patients from an ongoing randomized controlled trial (NCT03674619) comparing the effectiveness of surgical and nonsurgical treatment for cervical radiculopathy were included. Patient-reported outcome measures and expected outcome and improvement were obtained before treatment. We compared these with previously published cut-off values for success. Arm pain, neck pain and headache were measured by a numeric rating scale. Neck disability index (NDI) was used to record pain-related disability. We applied Wilcoxon signed-rank test to compare the expected outcome scores for the two treatments.

Results
Patients reported mean NDI of 42.2 (95% CI 39.6–44.7) at baseline. The expected mean NDI one year after the treatment was 4 (95% CI 3.0–5.1). The expected mean reduction in NDI was 38.3 (95% CI 35.8–40.8). Calculated as a percentage change score, the patients expected a mean reduction of 91.2% (95% CI 89.2–93.2). Patient expectations were higher regarding surgical treatment for arm pain, neck pain and working ability, P < 0.001, but not for headache.

Conclusions
The expected improvement after treatment of cervical radiculopathy was much higher than the previously reported cut-off values for success. Patients with cervical radiculopathy had higher expectations to surgical treatment.
Exposure of Primate Reservoir Hosts to Mosquito Vectors in Malaysian Borneo
Authors: Brown Rebecca , Salgado-Lynn Milena , Jumail Amaziasizamoria , Jalius Cyrlen , Chua Tock-Hing , Vythilingam Indra , Ferguson Heather M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSeveral vector-borne pathogens of primates have potential for human spillover. An example is the simian malaria Plasmodium knowlesi which is now a major public health problem in Malaysia. Characterization of exposure to mosquito vectors is essential for assessment of the force of infection within wild simian populations, however few methods exist to do so. Here we demonstrate the use of thermal imaging and mosquito magnet independence traps (MMIT) to assess the abundance, diversity and infection rates in mosquitoes host seeking near long-tailed macaque (Macaca fasicularis) sleeping sites in the Lower Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary, Malaysian Borneo. The primary Plasmodium knowlesi vector, Anopheles balabacensis, was trapped at higher abundance near sleeping sites than control trees. Although none of the An. balabacensis collected (n = 15) were positive for P. knowlesi by PCR screening, two were infected with another simian malaria Plasmodium inui. Analysis of macaque stools from sleeping sites confirmed a high prevalence of Plasmodium infection, suspected to be P. inui. Recently, natural transmission of P. inui has been detected in humans and An. cracens in Peninsular Malaysia. The presence of P. inui in An. balabacensis here and previously in human-biting collections highlight its potential for spillover from macaques to humans in Sabah. We advocate the use of MMITs for non-invasive sampling of mosquito vectors that host seek on wild simian populations.
Exploring the landscape of seasonal forecast provision by Global Producing Centres
Authors: Bojovic Dragana , Nicodemou Andria , St.Clair Asun Lera , Christel Isadora , Doblas-Reyes Francisco J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDespite the growing demand for seasonal climate forecasts, there is limited understanding of the landscape of organisations providing this critically important climate information. This study attempts to fill this gap by presenting results from an in-depth dialogue with the organisations entrusted with the provision of seasonal forecasts by the World Meteorological Organisation, known as the Global Producing Centres for Long-Range Forecasts (GPCs-LRF). The results provide an overview and detailed description of the organisational setup, mandate, target audience of GPCs-LRF and their interactions with other centres. Looking beyond the GPCs-LRF to other centres providing seasonal forecasts, some of which have been rapidly taking prominent places in this landscape, revealed a heterogeneous and still maturing community of practice, with an increasing number of players and emerging efforts to produce multi-model ensemble forecasts. The dialogues pointed at the need to not only improve climate models and produce more skilful climate forecasts, but also to improve the transformation of the forecasts into useful and usable products. Finally, using the lenses of credibility, salience and legitimacy, we explore ways to bridge the fragmentation of the information offered across the organisations considered and the people involved in the delivery and use of seasonal forecasts. The paper concludes by suggesting ways to address the boundary crossing between science, policy and society in the context of seasonal climate prediction.
Connecting for Creativity in Higher Education
Authors: Rae John 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCreativity is an important goal for higher education yet there is limited guidance on how to facilitate it at an organisational level. This arts-based exploration of the experiences of three award-winning academics who have been recognised for their creative work identifies that creativity can emerge from three interrelated factors — conversations and relationships, liminal space and leadership. These factors combined form a useful model that offers higher education institutions a means for enhancing creativity at a time when arguably it has never been needed more. The three factors are easily articulated, not resource-dependent or contingent on specialist knowledge or skill and will likely be well accepted by academics, academic leaders and others who participate in higher education.
Assessment of biosafety and implantation feasibility of novel phakic refractive lens
Authors: Zhang Shaohua , Huang Chang , Miao Huamao , Wu Junyao , Xing Chao , Dai Zhaoxing , Sun Jianguo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
We investigated the biosafety and implantation feasibility of a new phakic refractive lens (PRL) in rabbit eyes.

Methods
Short PRLs (S-PRLs), large PRLs (L-PRLs), and large-grooved PRLs (LG-PRLs), were prepared by molding medical-grade liquid silicon. The cytotoxicity and cellular adhesion of the PRLs was assessed in vitro. To assess implantation feasibility, the S-PRL, L-PRL, and LG-PRL were implanted in the posterior chamber of rabbit eyes and the relative position was assessed by optical coherence tomography. The intraocular pressures (IOP) were compared between the S-PRL, L-PRL, LG-PRL, and control groups to evaluate the PRL biosafety after implantation.

Results
The in vitro assays showed that cell viability and cellular adhesion in the S-PRL, L-PRL and LG-PRL groups was not significantly different to those in the control group throughout the study. After implantation into the posterior chamber of rabbit eyes, there were no obvious signs of inflammation or increases in IOP at each time point relative to the control group, demonstrating good biosafety of the PRL. The relative positions of the L-PRLs and LG-PRLs in the posterior chamber were appropriate and the retention frequencies were high.

Conclusions
The newly developed LG-PRL showed good biosafety with negligible in vitro cytotoxicity, ocular inflammation, or fluctuations in IOP. The LG-PRL provided the best implantation feasibility. The grooves on the LG-PRL provided channels for aqueous humor circulation. The LG-PRL is a promising type of PRL with an appropriate size and surface structure for effective correction of refractive errors in rabbit eyes.
Real-time fracturing in video games
Authors: Thomas Rachel , Zhang Wenshu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDestruction in video games traditionally use pre-fracturing techniques to efficiently swap out game objects at run-time, which requires artists to create multiple models in various states of destruction. Real-time methods require less design time and can produce more realistic results but often come at a cost of performance. If real-time methods can perform at similar levels as tradition pre-fracturing means, this could increase the current standards of realistic destruction in video games. This paper explores and implements real-time fracturing techniques, comparing these to traditional pre-fracturing methods in terms of visual realism and performance. The results of the implementation were then distributed in an online questionnaire, to view how participants perceived the differences of both techniques and whether the visual or performance aspects affected their preferences of one method over the other.
Object-aware Policy Network in Deep Recommender Systems
Authors: Zhou Guoqiang , Xu Zhangxian , Lin Jiayin , Bao Shudi , Zhou Liliang , Shen Jun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDeep learning has been successfully applied in the recommender system. Low-dimensional dense embedding is typically used to represent the feature of users and items. To optimize the model, some models propose to dynamically search the embedding size based on the popularity of different users and items. However, these models ignore the interaction between the user and the item which will hinder the optimization of the features in embedding. In this paper, we propose Object-aware Policy Network (OPN) and introduces an object-aware method that is used for optimizing the features in embedding. We evaluate our model on the two real-world benchmark datasets. With less than 10% increased time consumption in all experiments, the results show that our proposed model is able to improve the performance of binary classification task by a margin of 0.30 and multiclass classification task by a margin of 0.35 compared to the best accuracies achieced by baselines on different datasests.
Feasibility analysis for floating offshore wind energy
Authors: Maienza Carmela , Avossa Alberto Maria , Picozzi Vincenzo , Ricciardelli Francesco 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The assessment of the economic feasibility of floating offshore wind farms (FOWFs) plays an important role in the future possible spreading of this challenging technology in the wind power industry. The use of specific economic analyses is fundamental to point out the potential of FOWFs and to sustain their technical value. Within this topic, the implementation of the FOWF life cycle cost model and producibility analysis in a geographic information system is developed, with the aim of carrying out a feasibility analysis at the territorial scale, for different types of floater. Moreover, a simplified model for a quick life cycle cost assessment is proposed and calibrated.

Methods
The available cost model is first validated comparing the costs of FOWFs based on different floaters (Semi-Submersible Platform—SSP, Spar Buoy—SB and Tension Leg Platform—TLP) with corresponding results available in the literature. Then, it is implemented in QGIS to be used for territorial-scale analyses and sensitivity analyses of the cost parameters. A feasibility analysis is developed through the main financial parameters. Finally, the results are then used to calibrate a simplified version of the cost model that depends on three main parameters, namely distance to shore, distance from the port of operation and bathymetry.

Results and discussion
The FOWF cost values are found to be in good agreement with those coming from analytical methods similar to the one from the authors. However, some discrepancies with those based on average costs are observed. Then, the results of the sensitivity analysis are presented as life cycle cost maps, giving an overall picture of the variation of the total cost of FOWF installations on a reference domain. The results show that among the three types of floaters considered here, the SSP proved to be the most promising one, giving lower costs than the SB and the TLP. Moreover, a good agreement between the results in terms of total cost of FOWFs calculated with the analytical and simplified models for SSPs, SBs and TLPs is observed. Finally, the feasibility analysis showed that the financial parameters are more influenced by the wind speed than by the cost of the farm.

Conclusions
The paper aims to provide guidance on how to carry out feasibility analyses of a specific site for FOWF installation, thus supporting decision-making procedures. The approach and the results presented here are meant for use in the early stage of the decision-making process, as a tool for the assessment of the economic feasibility of FOWFs installation.