bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship of macular ganglion cell complex thickness to choroidal microvasculature drop-out in primary open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Micheletti Eleonora , Moghimi Sasan , El-Nimri Nevin , Nishida Takashi , Suh Min Hee , Proudfoot James A , Kamalipour Alireza , Zangwill Linda M , Weinreb Robert N 
Published: January 2022

Background/aimsTo investigate the rate of ganglion cell complex (GCC) thinning in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients with and without deep-layer microvasculature drop-out (MvD).MethodsPOAG patients who had at least 1.5 years of follow-up and a minimum of three visits were included from the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study. MvD was detected at baseline by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). Area and angular circumference of MvD were evaluated on en face choroidal vessel density images and horizontal B-scans. Rates of global and hemisphere GCC thinning were compared in MvD and non-MvD eyes using linear mixed-effects models.ResultsThirty-six eyes with MvD and 37 eyes without MvD of 63 patients were followed for a mean of 3.3 years. In 30 out of 36 eyes, MvD was localised in the inferotemporal region. While mean baseline visual field mean deviation was similar between the two groups (p=0.128), global GCC thinning was significantly faster in eyes with MvD than in those without MvD (mean differences: −0.50 (95% CI −0.83 to –0.17) µm/year; p=0.003)). Presence of MvD, area and angular circumference of MvD were independently associated with a faster rate of thinning (p=0.002, p=0.031 and p=0.013, respectively).ConclusionIn POAG eyes, GCC thinning is faster in eyes with MvD. Detection of MvD in OCT-A images can assist clinicians to identify patients who are at higher risk for central macula thinning and glaucomatous progression and may require more intensive management.
Ten years of NIHR research training: perceptions of the programmes: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Burkinshaw Paula , Bryant Louise D , Magee Caroline , Thompson Peter , Cotterill Lisa Ann , Mulvey Matthew R , Hewison Jenny 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesThe UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) training programmes were created to build and sustain research capacity in healthcare. Following the training programme 10-year strategic review, this qualitative study aimed to deepen understanding of facilitators and barriers for those progressing through NIHR-supported research careers.DesignSemistructured qualitative study.Data collection and analysisTelephone interviews conducted between May and August 2017 were digitally recorded, transcribed and analysed using Framework Approach.SettingUK National Health Service (NHS) Trusts, university medical schools, District General Hospitals, Integrated Academic Training Programme centres and Research Design Services across the North East, North West, South East and South West of England, London and the Midlands.ParticipantsFourteen women and eight men, of whom, 14 were previous or current NIHR personal awardees (seven doctors and seven allied health professionals (AHPs) or nurses) and eight were managers (staff within clinical or university training-related roles).Results(1) NIHR awards were viewed as transformative for research careers; (2) however, there were perceptions of a biased ‘playing field’. (3) Inequalities were perceived for AHPs and nurses, those outside of established research institutes and those in ‘unfashionable’ specialisms. (4) While support for NIHR awards contributed to a healthy research culture, (5) short-term awards were perceived as a barrier to continuing an independent research career.ConclusionsParticipants perceived many strengths of the NIHR training programmes in terms of developing individual careers and research capacity. Areas in which improvement could enhance the ability to attract, develop and retain researcher were identified. Our findings are of relevance to schemes in other countries, where healthcare researchers experience similar challenges. Further work is needed to overcome barriers and ensure equity of access to, and success within, clinical research training schemes to sustain the research workforce needed to address future global health challenges.
Quantitative coronary angiography versus intravascular ultrasound guidance for drug-eluting stent implantation (GUIDE-DES): study protocol for a randomised controlled non-inferiority trial
Authors: Lee Pil Hyung , Hong Soon Jun , Kim Hyun-Sook , Yoon Young won , Lee Jong-Young , Oh Seung-Jin , Kang Soo-Jin , Kim Young-Hak , Park Seong-Wook , Lee Seung-Whan , Lee Cheol Whan 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionAngiography remains the gold standard for guiding percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, it is prone to suboptimal stent results due to the visual estimation of coronary measurements. Although the benefit of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided PCI is becoming increasingly recognised, IVUS is not affordable for many catheterisation laboratories. Thus, a more practical and standardised angiography-based approach is necessary to support stent implantation.Methods and analysisThe Quantitative Coronary Angiography versus Intravascular Ultrasound Guidance for Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation trial is a randomised, investigator-initiated, multicentre, open-label, non-inferiority trial comparing the quantitative coronary angiography (QCA)-guided PCI strategy with IVUS-guided PCI in all-comer patients with significant coronary artery disease. A novel, standardised, QCA-based PCI protocol for the QCA-guided group will be provided to all participating operators, while the PCI optimisation criteria will be predefined for both strategies. A total of 1528 patients will be randomised to either group at a 1:1 ratio. The primary endpoint is the 12-month cumulative incidence of target-lesion failure defined as a composite of cardiac death, target-vessel myocardial infarction or ischaemia-driven target-lesion revascularisation. Clinical follow-up assessments are scheduled at 1, 6 and 12 months for all patients enrolled in the study.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval for this study was granted by the Institutional Review Board of Asan Medical Center (no. 2017-0060). Informed consent will be obtained from every participant. The study findings will be published in peer-reviewed journal articles and disseminated through public forums and academic conference presentations. Cost-effectiveness and secondary imaging analyses will be shared in secondary papers.Trial registration numberNCT02978456.
Corticocortical paired associative stimulation for treating motor dysfunction after stroke: study protocol for a randomised sham-controlled double-blind clinical trial
Authors: Duan Yu-Jie , Hua Xu-Yun , Zheng Mou-Xiong , Wu Jia-Jia , Xing Xiang-Xin , Li Yu-Lin , Xu Jian-Guang 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionStroke survivors can have a high disability rate with low quality of daily life, resulting in a heavy burden on family and society. Transcranial magnetic stimulation has been widely applied to brain injury repair, neurological disease treatment, cognition and emotion regulation and so on. However, there is still much to be desired in the theories of using these neuromodulation techniques to treat stroke-caused hemiplegia. It is generally recognised that synaptic plasticity is an important basis for functional repair after brain injury. This study protocol aims to examine the corticocortical paired associative stimulation (ccPAS) for inducing synaptic plasticity to rescue the paralysed after stroke.Methods and analysisThe current study is designed as a 14-week double-blind randomised sham-controlled clinical trial, composed of 2-week intervention and 12-week follow-up. For the study, 42 patients who had a stroke aged 40–70 will be recruited, who are randomly assigned either to the ccPAS intervention group, or to the control group at a 1:1 ratio, hence an equal number each. In the intervention group, ccPAS is practised in conjunction with the conventional rehabilitation treatment, and in the control group, the conventional rehabilitation treatment is administered with sham stimulation. A total of 10 interventions will be made, 5 times a week for 2 weeks. The same assessors are supposed to evaluate the participants’ motor function at four time points of the baseline (before 10 interventions), treatment ending (after 10 interventions), and two intervals of follow-up (1 and 3 months later, respectively). The Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity is used for the primary outcomes. The secondary outcomes include changes in the assessment of Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), Modified Barthel Index (MBI), electroencephalogram (EEG) and functional MRI data. The adverse events are to be recorded throughout the study.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Yueyang Hospital. All ethical work was performed in accordance with the Helsinki declaration. Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Study findings will be disseminated in the printed media.Trial registration numberChinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2000036685.
Impact of COVID-19 on people with asthma: a mixed methods analysis from a UK wide survey
Authors: Philip Keir Elmslie James , Buttery Sara , Williams Parris , Vijayakumar Bavithra , Tonkin James , Cumella Andrew , Renwick Lottie , Ogden Lizzie , Quint Jennifer K , Johnston Sebastian L , Polkey Michael I , Hopkinson Nicholas S 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionThe impact of acute COVID-19 on people with asthma appears complex, being moderated by multiple interacting disease-specific, demographic and environmental factors. Research regarding longer-term effects in this group is limited. We aimed to assess impacts of COVID-19 and predictors of persistent symptoms, in people with asthma.MethodsUsing data from an online UK-wide survey of 4500 people with asthma (median age 50–59 years, 81% female), conducted in October 2020, we undertook a mixed methods analysis of the characteristics and experience of those reporting having had COVID-19.ResultsThe COVID-19 group (n=471, 10.5%) reported increased inhaler use and worse asthma management, compared with those not reporting COVID-19, but did not differ by gender, ethnicity or household income. Among the COVID-19 group, 56.1% reported having long COVID, 20.2% were ‘unsure’. Those with long COVID were more likely than those without long COVID to describe: their breathing as worse or much worse after their initial illness (73.7% vs 34.8%, p<0.001), increased inhaler use (67.8% vs 34.8%, p<0.001) and worse or much worse asthma management (59.6% vs 25.6%, p<0.001). Having long COVID was not associated with age, gender, ethnicity, UK nation or household income.Analysis of free text survey responses identified three key themes: (1) variable COVID-19 severity, duration and recovery; (2) symptom overlap and interaction between COVID-19 and asthma; (3) barriers to accessing healthcare.ConclusionsPersisting symptoms are common in people with asthma following COVID-19. Measures are needed to ensure appropriate healthcare access including clinical evaluation and investigation, to distinguish between COVID-19 symptoms and asthma.
Use of short-acting beta agonists in the treatment of asthma across five European countries
Authors: Panagiotis Pavlou , Congleton Jo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCommentary on:Janson C, Menzies-Gow A, Nan C,et al. SABINA: an overview of short-acting β2-agonist use in asthma in European countries.Adv Ther. 2020;37:1124–35.Series co-ordinator:Dr Teck Khong, DTB Associate Editor Clinical Pharmacology, St George’s, University of London, UK
Night shift work and lymphoma: results from an Italian multicentre case–control study
Authors: Cocco Pierluigi , Piro Sara , Meloni Federico , Montagna Andrea , Pani Michele , Pilia Ilaria , Padoan Marina , Miligi Lucia , Magnani Corrado , Gambelunghe Angela , Muzi Giacomo , Ferri Giovanni Maria , Vimercati Luigi , Zanotti Roberta , Scarpa Aldo , Zucca Mariagrazia , Latte Gian Carlo , Angelucci Emanuele , De Matteis Sara , Puligheddu Monica 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundNight shift work can disrupt circadian rhythm and cause chronic sleep deprivation, which might increase the risk of lymphoma through immunosuppression and oxidative stress.Material and methodsWe investigated the association between night shift work and risk of lymphoma subtypes in 867 incident cases and 774 controls, who participated in a multicentre Italian study between 2011 and 2017. Based on questionnaire information, occupational experts assessed the lifetime probability of night shift work, the total number of night shifts and years of night shift work among study participants. OR and 95% CI for lymphoma and its major subtypes associated with night shift work was calculated with logistic regression, adjusting by age, gender, education, study area, marital status and family history of haemolymphatic cancer.ResultsEver working night shifts was associated with an increase in the risk of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.14 to 3.32), which was highest after a 15–34 years latency. However, there was not a linear increase in risk by probability of exposure, years of night shift work, nor lifetime number of night shifts whether under rotating or permanent work schedules. Risk of lymphoma overall, B cell lymphoma (BCL), its major subtypes other than CLL, and other less prevalent BCL subtypes combined did not show an association.ConclusionsWe found conflicting evidence of an association between night shift work and the risk of CLL. We did not observe an association with other lymphoma subtypes.
Gravitational decoupling of generalized Horndeski hybrid stars
Authors: da Rocha Roldao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGravitational decoupled compact polytropic hybrid stars are here addressed in generalized Horndeski scalar-tensor gravity. Additional physical properties of hybrid stars are scrutinized and discussed in the gravitational decoupling setup. The asymptotic value of the mass function, the compactness, and the effective radius of gravitational decoupled hybrid stars are studied for both cases of a bosonic and a fermionic prevalent core. These quantities are presented and discussed as functions of Horndeski parameters, the decoupling parameter, the adiabatic index, and the polytropic constant. Important corrections to general relativity and generalized Horndeski scalar-tensor gravity, induced by the gravitational decoupling, comply with available observational data. Particular cases involving white dwarfs, boson stellar configurations, neutron stars, and Einstein–Klein–Gordon solutions, formulated in the gravitational decoupling context, are also scrutinized.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: A critical assessment of extreme events trends in times of global warming
Authors: Alimonti Gianluca , Mariani Luigi , Prodi Franco , Ricci Renato Angelo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article reviews recent bibliography on time series of some extreme weather events and related response indicators in order to understand whether an increase in intensity and/or frequency is detectable. The most robust global changes in climate extremes are found in yearly values of heatwaves (number of days, maximum duration and cumulated heat), while global trends in heatwave intensity are not significant. Daily precipitation intensity and extreme precipitation frequency are stationary in the main part of the weather stations. Trend analysis of the time series of tropical cyclones show a substantial temporal invariance and the same is true for tornadoes in the USA. At the same time, the impact of warming on surface wind speed remains unclear. The analysis is then extended to some global response indicators of extreme meteorological events, namely natural disasters, floods, droughts, ecosystem productivity and yields of the four main crops (maize, rice, soybean and wheat). None of these response indicators show a clear positive trend of extreme events. In conclusion on the basis of observational data, the climate crisis that, according to many sources, we are experiencing today, is not evident yet. It would be nevertheless extremely important to define mitigation and adaptation strategies that take into account current trends.
Transcription Elongation Machinery Is a Druggable Dependency and Potentiates Immunotherapy in Glioblastoma Stem Cells
Authors: Qiu Zhixin , Zhao Linjie , Shen Jia Z. , Liang Zhengyu , Wu Qiulian , Yang Kailin , Min Lihua , Gimple Ryan C. , Yang Qiyuan , Bhargava Shruti , Jin Chunyu , Kim Cheryl , Hinz Denise , Dixit Deobrat , Bernatchez Jean A. , Prager Briana C. , Zhang Guoxin , Dong Zhen , Lv Deguan , Wang Xujun , Kim Leo J.Y. , Zhu Zhe , Jones Katherine A. , Zheng Ye , Wang Xiuxing , Siqueira-Neto Jair L. , Chavez Lukas , Fu Xiang-Dong , Spruck Charles , Rich Jeremy N. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain cancer characterized by therapeutic resistance, which is promoted by GBM stem cells (GSC). Here, we interrogated gene expression and whole-genome CRISPR/Cas9 screening in a large panel of patient-derived GSCs, differentiated GBM cells (DGC), and neural stem cells (NSC) to identify master regulators of GSC stemness, revealing an essential transcription state with increased RNA polymerase II–mediated transcription. The YY1 and transcriptional CDK9 complex was essential for GSC survival and maintenance in vitro and in vivo. YY1 interacted with CDK9 to regulate transcription elongation in GSCs. Genetic or pharmacologic targeting of the YY1–CDK9 complex elicited RNA m6A modification–dependent interferon responses, reduced regulatory T-cell infiltration, and augmented efficacy of immune checkpoint therapy in GBM. Collectively, these results suggest that YY1–CDK9 transcription elongation complex defines a targetable cell state with active transcription, suppressed interferon responses, and immunotherapy resistance in GBM.

Significance:
Effective strategies to rewire immunosuppressive microenvironment and enhance immunotherapy response are still lacking in GBM. YY1-driven transcriptional elongation machinery represents a druggable target to activate interferon response and enhance anti–PD-1 response through regulating the m6A modification program, linking epigenetic regulation to immunomodulatory function in GBM.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 275
Inquiry-Based Teaching Practices, Attitudes, and Difficulties of Secondary Science Teachers in Masinloc District Division of Zambales for S.Y. 2020-2021
Authors: Bioco Maricriz S. , Echaure Jessie S. 
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to assess the science inquiry-based practices, attitudes, and difficulties of secondary science teachers in the district of Masinloc, division of Zambales.
The data gathered through the questionnaire were statistically treated with percentage, weighted mean, Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).
There is significant difference on the number of trainings towards origin of questioning, nature of problem, responsibility within the inquiry process, students’ diversity and variability and explanation of learning goals. There is significant difference on highest educational attainment towards explanation of learning goals and significant on sex towards origin of questioning. There is significant difference on the perception towards attitude on the use of inquiry-based teaching and learning when grouped according to highest educational attainment. There is significant difference on the number of trainings towards all dimensions of practices of science teachers exhibited components of scientific inquiry-based learning approach;
The researcher recommended that the use of inquiry-based teaching and learning approach in teaching Science is highly encouraged in order to help the learners to overcome their problems in engaging with the lesson; that the teacher is encouraged to use the inquiry-based teaching and learning practices model to help them in attaining the consistency of the inquiry process within their lesson; and lastly a replication of this study is encouraged with in-depth and wider in scope so as to better determine the effectiveness of Inquiry-Based Teaching/Learning approach.
Planting and Sowing Seeds of Hope: A Case Study on the Resonance of Tagline to Learners
Authors: Tiburcio Jennifer M. , Lariosa Camille Z. , Nacua Jonathan P. 
Published: January 2022

This research aimed to identify the resonance of the tagline on the students of Ignacio B. Villamor Senior High School. The researchers utilized the case study as the method of the study. The participants of the study are students-at-risk of dropping out, SSG students, and honor students in second quarter of S.Y. 2020-2021. There are 108 students who became the participants of the study. To gather data, the researchers used purposive sampling in the study. It is a non-probability sampling. The researcher identified common codes, categories, and themes. Aside from these, the researchers included statements of the participants of the study; but, their names are not identified to maintain confidentiality. The researchers proposed an organizational action plan based on themes emerged from the study.
Assessment of Sustainable Tourism in Region 7 and Its Implication
Authors: Ralota Eira Y. , Danojog Mark Paul , Gurrea Juan , Capucao Roel P. , Casalta Noreen Merryl L. , Tool Jr. Leonardo H. , Vasquez , Mary Rose T. , Bergamo Jr. Remegio 
Published: January 2022

The tourism industry is one of the most forward-looking and dynamic in the world. It is critical to plan and grow tourism in a way that balances the needs of the environment, the economy, and society as a whole. Based on the findings it can be noted that the tourism industry cannot sustain itself without the help of community and local government units, which were mentioned in the interpretations of sustainable tourism by many local citizens and barangay officials. Hence, ensuring the sustainability of tourism development implies keeping high level of awareness and strong commitment among stakeholders regarding crucial issues like quality assurance and sustainable practices. The local government may support the development of tourism by allotting adequate budget that can be used for promotion and maintenance of the tourist destination. The participation of the local residents in the implementation of the tourism development plan may be solicited as with their local government.