bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-time laser ultrasonic monitoring of laser-induced thermal processes
Authors: Morales Rosa E. , Harke Kathryn J. , Tringe Joseph W. , Stobbe David M. , Murray Todd W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntra- and inter-layer integrity of components fabricated with advanced manufacturing techniques, such as laser powder bed fusion, is dependent upon rapid heating, melting, and solidification processes. There is a need for new techniques to provide in situ feedback of these processes. Here a laser-based ultrasonic technique to probe thermal effects induced by a high-power continuous wave laser in titanium samples is described. Numerical simulations were performed to show that, for a spatially uniform heating beam, laser-induced surface acoustic waves are strongly influenced by surface heating conditions, are dispersive in the case of rapid heating, and that an abrupt velocity reduction happens upon the onset of surface melting. Furthermore, laser-based ultrasound experimental results which monitor the transient change of surface wave travel time associated with high power laser surface heating are provided. A pulsed laser is used to generate high frequency surface acoustic waves that propagate through the laser-heated region and are detected using a photorefractive crystal-based interferometer. Qualitative agreement is observed between theory and experiment with both showing a rapid reduction in the surface wave velocity at the onset of illumination and further decrease in surface wave velocity associated with melting. It is demonstrated that changes in the surface wave velocity can be used to track local heating and detect the onset of surface melting in real time.
EM-driven size reduction and multi-criterial optimization of broadband circularly-polarized antennas using pareto front traversing and design extrapolation
Authors: Ullah Ubaid , Al-Hasan Muath , Koziel Slawomir , Mabrouk Ismail Ben 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMaintaining small size has become an important consideration in the design of contemporary antenna structures. In the case of broadband circularly polarized (CP) antennas, miniaturization is a challenging process due to the necessity of simultaneous handling of electrical and field properties (reflection, axial ratio, gain), as well as ensuring sufficient frequency range of operation, especially at the lower edge of the antenna bandwidth. An additional difficulty is that—for the sake of reliability—the design process has to be based on full-wave electromagnetic simulation tools. This is a computationally expensive endeavor because rendering the minimum-size design under the assumed constraints concerning the operating frequencies requires rigorous numerical optimization, which entails massive evaluations of the structure at hand. This paper describes an algorithmic framework for efficient identification of broadband CP antenna designs that realize the best possible trade-offs (Pareto set) between the antenna size and its operating bandwidth. The designs are generated sequentially by solving local optimization tasks targeting explicit reduction of the antenna footprint with implicit constraints imposed on the reflection and axial ratio characteristics. The data accumulated during the previous iterations is employed to yield good initial points for further stages by means of inverse surrogates and extrapolation. Low cost of the process is ensured by sparse sensitivity updates within the trust-region gradient-based algorithm being the main optimization engine. The proposed methodology is demonstrated using three examples of wide-slot CP structures with the trade-off designs representing broad ranges of achievable antenna sizes and operating bandwidth. The framework can be used to assess the antenna suitability for particular application areas as well to conclusively compare alternative CP geometries from the point of view of achievable miniaturization rate and capability of fulfilling given performance requirements.
Deep convolutional neural networks for automated scoring of pentagon copying test results
Authors: Maruta Jumpei , Uchida Kentaro , Kurozumi Hideo , Nogi Satoshi , Akada Satoshi , Nakanishi Aki , Shinoda Miki , Shiba Masatsugu , Inoue Koki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the accuracy of a fine-tuned deep convolutional neural network (CNN) for evaluating responses to the pentagon copying test (PCT). To develop a CNN that could classify PCT images, we fine-tuned and compared the pre-trained CNNs (GoogLeNet, VGG-16, ResNet-50, Inception-v3). To collate our training dataset, we collected 1006 correct PCT images and 758 incorrect PCT images drawn on a test sheet by dementia suspected patients at the Osaka City Kosaiin Hospital between April 2009 and December 2012. For a validation dataset, we collected PCT images from consecutive patients treated at the facility in April 2020. We examined the ability of the CNN to detect correct PCT images using a validation dataset. For a validation dataset, we collected PCT images (correct, 41; incorrect, 16) from 57 patients. In the validation testing for an ability to detect correct PCT images, the fine-tuned GoogLeNet CNN achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.931 (95% confidence interval 0.853–1.000). These findings indicate that our fine-tuned CNN is a useful method for automatically evaluating PCT images. The use of CNN-based automatic scoring of PCT can potentially reduce the burden on assessors in screening for dementia.
Influence of moisture content, temperature, and time on free fatty acid in stored crude palm oil
Authors: Emebu Samuel , Osaikhuiwuomwan Omokaro , Mankonen Aleksi , Udoye Chinweike , Okieimen Charity , Janáčová Dagmar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractConsequent to the importance of crude palm oil (CPO) to global food processing industries, and the need for quality assurance of CPO. A kinetic model that describes changes of free fatty acid (FFA) in industrially stored CPO has been developed. CPO FFA is a well-known indicator of the deterioration of CPO. The effect of initial moisture content, storage temperature, and time on CPO FFA have been investigated in this work. Specifically, statistical multi-regression models for changes in FFA and moisture content (MC) were developed at P-value < 0.05 or 95% confidence interval fence. It was found that CPO FFA increases with an increase in moisture content, temperature, and time in their linear term and in respect to decreases in their quadratic term, and interaction between moisture content and temperature. The CPO MC was also found to decrease with an increase in temperature and time and increases in the quadratic term of temperature. Although while the model for CPO FFA, based on Fisher's F-test: $${\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{model}}(6.80)<{\mathrm{F}}_{95\mathrm{\%}}(19.30)$$

F
model

(
6.80
)

<

F

95
%

(
19.30
)

, showed no lack-of-fit; that of CPO MC showed lack-of-fit, $${\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{model}}(13.67)\nless {\mathrm{F}}_{95\mathrm{\%}}(4.39)$$

F
model

(
13.67
)

≮

F

95
%

(
4.39
)

. Furthermore, based on inference from the statistical model, their kinetic models were also developed. While the CPO FFA kinetic, found to be a half-order kinetic model and its other auxiliary models showed a very good fit (R2 {0.9933–0.8614} and RMSE {0.0020–3.6716}); that of CPO MC was a poorly fitted first-order kinetic model (R2 {0.9885–0.3935} and RMSE {0.0605–17.8501}).
Riemannian geometry-based transfer learning for reducing training time in c-VEP BCIs
Authors: Ying Jiahui , Wei Qingguo , Zhou Xichen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOne of the main problems that a brain-computer interface (BCI) face is that a training stage is required for acquiring training data to calibrate its classification model just before every use. Transfer learning is a promising method for addressing the problem. In this paper, we propose a Riemannian geometry-based transfer learning algorithm for code modulated visual evoked potential (c-VEP)-based BCIs, which can effectively reduce the calibration time without sacrificing the classification accuracy. The algorithm includes the main procedures of log-Euclidean data alignment (LEDA), super-trial construction, covariance matrix estimation, training accuracy-based subject selection (TSS) and minimum distance to mean classification. Among them, the LEDA reduces the difference in data distribution between subjects, whereas the TSS promotes the similarity between a target subject and the source subjects. The resulting performance of transfer learning is improved significantly. Sixteen subjects participated in a c-VEP BCI experiment and the recorded data were used in offline analysis. Leave-one subject-out (LOSO) cross-validation was used to evaluate the proposed algorithm on the data set. The results showed that the algorithm achieved much higher classification accuracy than the subject-specific (baseline) algorithm with the same number of training trials. Equivalently, the algorithm reduces the training time of the BCI at the same performance level and thus facilitates its application in real world.
Three-dimensional foot trajectory in female patients with end-stage hip osteoarthritis during walking
Authors: Kiko Yu , Ogata Taiki , Uchitomi Hirotaka , Matsubara Masaaki , Miyake Yoshihiro , Wada Yoshiaki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a risk factor for falls. To decrease the fall risk, it is important to evaluate the detailed features of the gait of patients with OA. This study aimed to investigate the spatio-temporal parameters of gait in patients with end-stage hip OA, especially foot trajectory. We measured normal speed gait in patients with hip OA and in healthy controls (HCs) using inertial measurement units attached to shanks. The stride lengths in the affected and unaffected sides in the patients with hip OA were shorter than those in the HCs, but the position of maximum foot clearance was not significantly different between the two groups. The patients with hip OA compensated the position of maximum foot clearance to avoid fall risk. The horizontal plane foot trajectory in patients with hip OA suggests that the lateral bending of the trunk during walking, which is frequently seen in them, was a result of the lateral distance at swing down being located significantly more medially on the unaffected side than on the affected side. Herein, a new gait parameter of lateral distance at swing was discovered by a detailed evaluation of three-dimensional foot trajectory of female patients with end-stage hip OA.
An optimized protocol for single nuclei isolation from clinical biopsies for RNA-seq
Authors: Rousselle Thomas V. , McDaniels Jennifer M. , Shetty Amol C. , Bardhi Elissa , Maluf Daniel G. , Mas Valeria R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSingle nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) has evolved as a powerful tool to study complex human diseases. Single cell resolution enables the study of novel cell types, biological processes, cell trajectories, and cell–cell signaling pathways. snRNA-seq largely relies on the dissociation of intact nuclei from human tissues. However, the study of complex tissues using small core biopsies presents many technical challenges. Here, an optimized protocol for single nuclei isolation is presented for frozen and RNAlater preserved human kidney biopsies. The described protocol is fast, low cost, and time effective due to the elimination of cell sorting and ultra-centrifugation. Samples can be processed in 90 min or less. This method is effective for obtaining normal nuclei morphology without signs of structural damage. Using snRNA-seq, 16 distinct kidney cell clusters were recovered from normal and peri-transplant acute kidney injury allograft samples, including immune cell clusters. Quality control measurements demonstrated that these optimizations eliminated cellular debris and allowed for a high yield of high-quality nuclei and RNA for library preparation and sequencing. Cellular disassociation did not induce cellular stress responses, which recapitulated transcriptional patterns associated with standardized methods of nuclei isolation. Future applications of this protocol will allow for thorough investigations of small biobank biopsies, identifying cell-specific injury pathways and driving the discovery of novel diagnostics and therapeutic targets.
Removal of Cr(VI) by biochar derived via co-pyrolysis of oily sludge and corn stalks
Authors: Han Lei , Li Jinling , Zhang Tiantian , Qu Chengtun , Yu Tao , Yang Bo , Shao Zhiguo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe co-pyrolysis of oily sludge with biomass to prepare carbon materials is not only an effective way to mitigate oily sludge pollution, but it is also a method of obtaining carbon materials. In this study, a carbon material (OS-CS AC) was obtained by the direct co-pyrolysis of oily sludge (OS) and corn stalks (CS) and then applied to Cr(VI) removal. According to the hydroxy and carboxy masking experiments and the characterization of OS-CS AC by FT-IR, SEM, XPS, XRD, and N2 physical adsorption–desorption, Cr(VI) can be adsorbed efficiently through pore filling, the surface oxygen-containing functional groups can promote the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) through electron donors, and the greater the electrostatic attraction between the electron-donating functional groups of OS-CS AC and the Cr(VI) is, the stronger the ability to remove Cr(VI). In addition, the removal process was discussed, and the results indicated that the McKay kinetic model, Langmuir isotherm model and Van't Hoff thermodynamic model were the most suitable models for removal. The main factors affecting the removal of Cr(VI) were discussed, and the removal of Cr(VI) reached 99.14%, which gives a comprehensive utilization way of oily sludge and corn stalks.
The physical and optical investigations of the tannic acid functionalised Cu-based oxide nanostructures
Authors: Che Lah Nurul Akmal , Murthy Puhanes , Mohd Zubir Mohd Nashrul 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe need for a mild, low-cost, green environment that is able to produce exotic properties of output nanostructures is appealing nowadays. Employing these requirements, the copper (Cu)—based oxide nanostructures have been successfully synthesised via one-pot reaction using biocompatible natural polyphenol, tannic acid (TA) as both the reducing agent and stabiliser at 60, 70 and 80 °C. The structural and optical studies disclosed the effect of TA on the surface morphology, phase purity, elemental composition, optical microstrain and optical intrinsic energy of this mixed Cu2O and CuO nanostructures. The optically based method describes the comparative details of the multi-band gap in the presence of more than one element with overlapping spectra from the first-derivative absorbance curve $$\frac{\Delta E}{\Delta A}$$

Δ
E

Δ
A

and the exponential absorbance of Urbach tail energy $${E}_{U}$$

E
U

towards the conventional Tauc bandgap. The $$\frac{\Delta E}{\Delta A}$$

Δ
E

Δ
A

demonstrates that the pronounced effect of TA that Cu2O and CuO nanostructures creates much sensitive first-derivative bandgap output compared to the Tauc bandgap. The results also show that the $${E}_{U}$$

E
U

reduced as the temperature reaches 70 °C and then experienced sudden increase at 80 °C. The change in the pattern is parallel to the trend observed in the Williamson–Hall microstrain and is evident from the variations of the mean crystallite size $${D}_{m}$$

D
m

which is also a cause response to the change in temperature or pH. Therefore, the current work has elucidated that the structural and optical correlations on the as-synthesised Cu2O and CuO nanostructures in the presence of TA were the combined reaction of pH change and the ligand complexation reactions. The acquired results suggest a more comprehensive range of studies to further understand the extent relationship between the physical and optical properties of TA functionalised Cu-based oxide nanostructures.
Computational drug repurposing based on electronic health records: a scoping review
Authors: Zong Nansu , Wen Andrew , Moon Sungrim , Fu Sunyang , Wang Liwei , Zhao Yiqing , Yu Yue , Huang Ming , Wang Yanshan , Zheng Gang , Mielke Michelle M. , Cerhan James R. , Liu Hongfang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractComputational drug repurposing methods adapt Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for the discovery of new applications of approved or investigational drugs. Among the heterogeneous datasets, electronic health records (EHRs) datasets provide rich longitudinal and pathophysiological data that facilitate the generation and validation of drug repurposing. Here, we present an appraisal of recently published research on computational drug repurposing utilizing the EHR. Thirty-three research articles, retrieved from Embase, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science between January 2000 and January 2022, were included in the final review. Four themes, (1) publication venue, (2) data types and sources, (3) method for data processing and prediction, and (4) targeted disease, validation, and released tools were presented. The review summarized the contribution of EHR used in drug repurposing as well as revealed that the utilization is hindered by the validation, accessibility, and understanding of EHRs. These findings can support researchers in the utilization of medical data resources and the development of computational methods for drug repurposing.
Heart rate and age modulate retinal pulsatile patterns
Authors: Labounková Ivana , Labounek René , Kolář Radim , Tornow Ralf P. , Babbs Charles F. , McClelland Collin M. , Miller Benjamin R. , Nestrašil Igor 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTheoretical models of retinal hemodynamics showed the modulation of retinal pulsatile patterns (RPPs) by heart rate (HR), yet in-vivo validation and scientific merit of this biological process is lacking. Such evidence is critical for result interpretation, study design, and (patho-)physiological modeling of human biology spanning applications in various medical specialties. In retinal hemodynamic video-recordings, we characterize the morphology of RPPs and assess the impact of modulation by HR or other variables. Principal component analysis isolated two RPPs, i.e., spontaneous venous pulsation (SVP) and optic cup pulsation (OCP). Heart rate modulated SVP and OCP morphology (pFDR < 0.05); age modulated SVP morphology (pFDR < 0.05). In addition, age and HR demonstrated the effect on between-group differences. This knowledge greatly affects future study designs, analyses of between-group differences in RPPs, and biophysical models investigating relationships between RPPs, intracranial, intraocular pressures, and cardiovascular physiology.
Bewegung und Ernährung bei multimodalen Adipositasprogrammen-
wie unterscheiden sich die angebotenen Programme und welche Ergebnisse sind zu
erwarten?
Authors: Oberänder Nadine , Weimann Arved 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungLeitliniengerecht wird Patienten mit morbider Adipositas (Body Mass Index
(BMI)≥40 kg/m2 bzw. BMI≥35 kg/m2
mit schwerwiegenden Begleiterkrankungen) primär ein multimodales
Gewichtsreduktionsprogramm empfohlen, welches die essentiellen Module Verhalten,
Ernährung und Bewegung beinhaltet. Das Ziel ist in jedem Fall die
Umstellung des Lebensstils. Die in Deutschland angebotenen Programme
unterscheiden sich sowohl in der Intensität der Module als auch in der
Gewichtsreduktion. Oft lässt sich keine Standardisierung finden.
Während Programme ohne Formulaernährung einen relativen
Gewichtsverlust (RWL) von ca. 4% bzw. 6,9% erzielen,
können Programme mit Formulaernährung einem RWL von ca.
14–23% nachweisen. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, dass hohe
Gewichtsreduktionen auch durch konservative Adipositasprogramme erzielt werden
und intensive multimodale Programme hocheffektiv sein können. Ein
flächendeckendes Angebot dieser Intensivprogramme mit standardisierter
Sporttherapie ist aktuell nicht gegeben, sollte aber aufgrund der Datenlage
diskutiert werden.
Ernährung und Bewegung – Das Konzept der
Prähabilitation vor großen Tumoroperationen
Authors: Oberhoffner Christin , Fischer Martin , Weimann Arved , Wobith Maria 
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Mit dem Ziel des Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) gewinnt
bei Risikopatienten die präoperative Phase zur optimalen Konditionierung
an Bedeutung, um damit auch das Risiko von postoperativen Komplikationen zu
vermindern. Prähabilitation als multimodales Modell bestehend aus
Ernährungstherapie, Kraft- und Ausdauertraining, sowie psychologischer
Unterstützung soll es ermöglichen, dass Patienten
selbstständig daran mitwirken können, bestmöglich
für eine Operation vorbereitet zu sein und sich schneller von den
eventuell auftretenden Nachwirkungen zu erholen. Ein optimierter
Ernährungszustand und eine Verbesserung der Belastbarkeit bilden dabei
die Basis, um ein individuell an den Patienten angepasstes Programm zu
erstellen.
Methoden Das circa 6-wöchige Prähabilitationsprogramm
für Patienten besteht aus Mobilitäts- und Kraftübungen,
Hausbesuchen, einer Ernährungstherapie und psychologischer
Unterstützung. Eingeschlossen werden Hoch-Risiko-Patienten vor
großen abdominalchirurgischen Tumoroperationen, die mindestens 70 Jahre
alt sind, einen ASA-Score von 3 oder 4 haben und bei denen die Indikationen
für eine neoadjuvante Therapie besteht. Ausgewertet werden
Ernährungsstatus, Tests zur funktionellen Belastbarkeit, dem kognitiven
Zustand und ein Fragebogen zur Beurteilung der Lebensqualität zu Beginn,
mehrfach während des Programms und postoperativ.
Schlussfolgerung Durch die intensive und engmaschige Betreuung, sowie der
Chance, dass Patienten selber etwas aktiv beisteuern können, besteht die
Möglichkeit die besten Voraussetzungen zu schaffen, um Einfluss auf das
Outcome der Operation zu erlangen. Eine Senkung der Komplikationsrate, eine
Verkürzung der Krankenhausverweildauer und ein schnelleres
Zurückerlangen der Mobilität stehen dabei im Vordergrund.
Bewegung und Ernährung – Sicht der
Physiotherapie
Authors: Stöver Kathrin 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungZum Kerngeschäft der Physiotherapie gehört die Bewegungstherapie.
Sie ist ärztlich indizierte und verordnete Bewegung, die von
Fachtherapeut*innen ausgeführt wird. Das Ziel der
physiotherapeutischen Behandlung in Bezug auf den Bewegungsapparat ist es
einerseits willentliche Bewegungen anzubahnen, zu fördern, zu erhalten
und zu trainieren, andererseits pathologische Bewegungsmuster zu hemmen bzw.
abzubauen. Muskelaufbau und die Erhöhung der kardiopulmonalen
Belastbarkeit mittels Training gehören ebenso zu den Zielsetzungen der
Bewegungstherapie. Eine angepasste, adäquate Ernährung ist dabei
erforderlich, um den entsprechenden Energiebedarf abzudecken. Das trifft auf
kritisch kranke Patient*innen genauso zu, wie auf Patient*innen
mit Adipositas oder Mangelernährung.