bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of high‐performance and conventional internal insulation materials based on hygrothermal analysis using in situ measurements and simulation
Authors: Latz Sebastian , Scholzen Frank , Thewes Andreas , Maas Stefan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFollowing the European directive to reduce CO2 emissions of existing buildings by improving energy efficiency, internal insulation systems play a central role in the renovation of historically valuable buildings which cannot be insulated from the outside for reasons of monumental protection, or in cases where no additional exterior space is available. However, besides the thermal property of insulation systems, there are other relevant properties to be considered before choosing an internal insulation system, such as the hygrothermal behavior which plays a particularly important role in diffusion‐open interior insulation systems. As the internal insulation layer reduces the temperature of the existing wall during the heating season, its drying potential after rain events is considerably reduced. In addition to the effects of moisture from the outside (mainly wind driven rain), the entry of humidity from the inside through diffusion plays an important role. In the presented study, high performance insulation materials with nanostructure based on silicon dioxide and polyurethane are compared to conventional material based on wood fiber from a hygrothermal point of view by analyzing in situ measurements and simulations.
Developing the Low‐Temperature Oxidation Mechanism of Cyclopentane: An Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Shi Zaifa , Jiang Yihuang , Yu Jingxiong , Chen Shanjun , Chen Jun , Tang Zichao , Zheng Lansun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Zichao Tang and co‐workers at Xiamen University, Yangtze University and the Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The image depicts molecular beam sampling vacuum ultraviolet photoionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (MB‐VUV‐PI‐TOFMS) as an advanced analytical tool for detecting highly oxygen intermediates in the low temperature oxidation of fuels. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202103546.
Statistical data integration using multilevel models to predict employee compensation
Authors: Erciulescu Andreea L. , Opsomer Jean D. , Schneider Benjamin J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article considers the case where two surveys collect data on a common variable, with one survey being much smaller than the other. The smaller survey collects data on an additional variable of interest, related to the common variable collected in the two surveys, and out‐of‐scope with respect to the larger survey. Estimation of the two related variables is of interest at domains defined at a granular level. We propose a multilevel model for integrating data from the two surveys, by reconciling survey estimates available for the common variable, accounting for the relationship between the two variables, and expanding estimation for the other variable, for all the domains of interest. The model is specified as a hierarchical Bayes model for domain‐level survey data, and posterior distributions are constructed for the two variables of interest. A synthetic estimation approach is considered as an alternative to the hierarchical modelling approach. The methodology is applied to wage and benefits estimation using data from the National Compensation Survey and the Occupational Employment Statistics Survey, available from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor, United States.
Digital image analysis of high‐grade urothelial carcinoma in urine cytology confirms chromasia heterogeneity and reveals a subset with hypochromatic nuclei and another with extremely dark or “India ink” nuclei
Authors: McIntire Patrick J. , Aragao Alessa , Burns Bethany L. , Pambuccian Stefan E. , Wojcik Eva M. , Barkan Güliz A. 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThe Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology (TPS) uses hyperchromasia as major diagnostic criterion for high‐grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC). The purpose of the study was to evaluate cases that were diagnosed as HGUC by TPS and determine whether there are different chromatin distribution patterns (ie, subsets).MethodsDigital image annotations were performed on microscopic images of HGUC urine specimens with surgical biopsy/resection follow‐up. Median gray values were generated for each cell. Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocyte [PMN]) were also enumerated in each case to serve as an internal control. A HGUC/PMN ratio was generated for each case, and the cases were distributed.ResultsSixty‐nine HGUC cases yielded 2660 cells, including 2078 HGUC (30.1 cells/case) and 582 PMNs (8.4 cells/case). The average median gray value of an HGUC was 50.6 and of a PMN was 36.8 (P < .0001). Eight of 69 cases (11.6%) contained nuclei that, on average, were darker than or as dark as a PMN (extremely dark, ie, “India ink”). Fifty‐one of 69 cases (74.0%) contained nuclei that, on average, were slightly brighter than a PMN (hyperchromatic). Ten of 69 cases (14.5%) contained nuclei that, on average, were much brighter than a PMN (hypochromatic). Within a single case, all cases showed heterogeneity with the hypochromatic cases showing the most dramatic effect.ConclusionsDigital image analysis reveals that there are large variations in chromasia between cases including a subset of cases with hypochromasia and another with extremely dark or “India ink” nuclei. There was much heterogeneity of chromasia seen within a single sample.
Limited receipt of support services among people with mild‐to‐moderate dementia: Findings from the IDEAL cohort
Authors: van Horik Jayden O. , Collins Rachel , Martyr Anthony , Henderson Catherine , Jones Roy W. , Knapp Martin , Quinn Catherine , Thom Jeanette M. , Victor Christina , Clare Linda ,   IDEAL Programme Team
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundGlobal initiatives that promote public health responses to dementia have resulted in numerous countries developing new national policies. Current policy guidelines in England, for example, recommend that people diagnosed with mild‐to‐moderate dementia receive information and psychosocial interventions to improve their ability to ‘live well’. However, it remains unclear to what extent these recommendations are being achieved.MethodsSelf‐reported information from 1537 people living with dementia and informant‐reported information from 1277 carers of people living with dementia was used to quantify receipt of community‐based dementia support services, including health and social care services provided by statutory or voluntary‐sector organisations, in Britain from 2014 to 2016. Demographic factors associated with differences in receipt of support services were also investigated to identify particularly vulnerable groups of people living with dementia.ResultsBoth self‐ and informant reports suggested that approximately 50% of people living with dementia received support services for dementia. Receipt of support services was lower among people living with dementia who are older, female, and have fewer educational qualifications. Receipt of support services also differed according to diagnosis and carer status, but was unrelated to marital status.ConclusionsLimited receipt of dementia support services among people living with dementia in Britain provides a baseline to assess the efficacy of current policy guidelines regarding provision of information and support. Targeted efforts to facilitate receipt of support services among the particularly vulnerable groups identified in the current study could improve the efficacy of dementia support services both in Britain and internationally, and should inform policy development.
Role of anterior midcingulate cortex in self‐reward representation and reward allocation judgments within social context
Authors: Chen Ying‐Chun , Huang Yun‐Hsin , Yen Nai‐Shing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEvaluating rewards for the self and others is essential for social interactions. Previous research has probed the neural substrates signaling rewards in social decision‐making tasks as well as the differentiation between self‐ and other‐reward representations. However, studies with different designs have yielded mixed results. After analyzing and comparing previous designs, we differentiated three components in this study: task (reward representation vs. social judgment of reward allocation), agency (self vs. other), and social context (without vs. within). Participants were asked to imagine various share sizes as a proposer in a dictator game during fMRI, and then rated their willingness and preference for these offers in a post‐scan behavioral task. To differentiate the regions involved in processing rewards without and within context, we presented the reward to each agent in two sequential frames. Parametric analyses showed that, in the second frame (i.e., within social context), the anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC) signaled self‐reward and preferences for the offer, whereas the right insula tracked the likelihood of proposing the offer. Belief in a just world is positively associated with aMCC responses to self‐reward. These results shed light on the role of the aMCC in coding self‐reward within the social context to guide social behaviors.
Incorporation of adverse features in advanced oral cancer improves precision in staging and patient prognostication
Authors: Singh Manraj , Thankappan Krishnakumar , Balasubramanian Deepak , Pillai Vijay , Shetty Vivek , Rangappa Vidyabhushan , Chandrasekhar Naveen Hedne , Kekatpure Vikram , Kuriakose Moni Abraham , Krishnamurthy Arvind , Mitra Arun , Pattatheyil Arun , Jain Prateek , Iyer Subramania , Iyer Narayanan Gopalakrishna , Subramaniam Narayana ,   Head and Neck Cooperative Oncology Group
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite revised staging criteria, stratification of patients with advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains difficult. Well‐established features like perineural invasion (PNI), differentiation, and lymphovascular‐invasion (LVI) are controversial, and hence omitted from staging. We endeavor to better stratify this cohort by identifying predictors of survival in advanced OSCC (T3‐4).MethodsSeven hundred and forty‐two patients with T3‐4 OSCC underwent surgery from 2006 to 2013. Cox regression was performed to determine predictors of overall survival (OS).ResultsOS was adversely impacted by PNI (p = 0.046), LVI (p = 0.038), moderate/poor differentiation (p = 0.001), close/involved surgical margins (p = 0.002), pT (p = 0.034), and pN (p < 0.001). The cumulative number of adverse histopathological features predicted poorer OS; HR 2.64 (CI 1.42–4.90) for one adverse feature and HR 4.23 (CI 2.34–7.67) for ≥2.ConclusionIn advanced OSCC, stratification with histopathologic risk factors can predict survival even in maximally treated patients; adjuvant therapies are unable to entirely mitigate this risk. Incorporation of adverse features into future editions of TNM can improve precision in staging and identify candidates for treatment escalation.
Discovery of an insulin‐induced gene binding compound that ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by inhibiting sterol regulatory element‐binding protein–mediated lipogenesis
Authors: Jiang Shi‐You , Yang Xinglin , Yang Zimo , Li Jue‐Wan , Xu Meng‐Qiang , Qu Yu‐Xiu , Tang Jing‐Jie , Li Yun‐Feng , Wang Liguo , Shao Yi‐Wen , Meng Xin‐Yuan , Hu Huili , Song Bao‐Liang , Rao Yu , Qi Wei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
NASH is associated with high levels of cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) in the liver; however, there is still no approved pharmacological therapy. Synthesis of cholesterol and TG is controlled by sterol regulatory element‐binding protein (SREBP), which is found to be abnormally activated in NASH patients. We aim to discover small molecules for treating NASH by inhibiting the SREBP pathway.

Approach and Results
Here, we identify a potent SREBP inhibitor, 25‐hydroxylanosterol (25‐HL). 25‐HL binds to insulin‐induced gene (INSIG) proteins, stimulates the interaction between INSIG and SCAP, and retains them in the endoplasmic reticulum, thereby suppressing SREBP activation and inhibiting lipogenesis. In NASH mouse models, 25‐HL lowers levels of cholesterol and TG in serum and the liver, enhances energy expenditure to prevent obesity, and improves insulin sensitivity. 25‐HL dramatically ameliorates hepatic steatosis, inflammation, ballooning, and fibrosis through down‐regulating the expression of lipogenic genes. Furthermore, 25‐HL exhibits both prophylactic and therapeutic efficacies of alleviating NASH and atherosclerosis in amylin liver NASH model diet‐treated Ldlr−/−
mice, and reduces the formation of cholesterol crystals and associated crown‐like structures of Kupffer cells. Notably, 25‐HL lowers lipid contents in serum and the liver to a greater extent than lovastatin or obeticholic acid. 25‐HL shows a good safety and pharmacokinetics profile.

Conclusions
This study provides the proof of concept that inhibiting SREBP activation by targeting INSIG to lower lipids could be a promising strategy for treating NASH. It suggests the translational potential of 25‐HL in human NASH and demonstrates the critical role of SREBP‐controlled lipogenesis in the progression of NASH by pharmacological inhibition.
Preparation for COVID‐19 vaccines rollout: Interventions to increase trust, acceptability, and uptake in West African countries
Authors: Tabong Philip Teg‐Nefaah , Opoku Mensah Kwabena , Asampong Emmanuel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe approval of COVID‐19 vaccines for use has come as a relief to West Africa and world. However, concerns raised about the vaccines in America and Europe have created anxiety among some citizens in Africa. These concerns are likely to affect the acceptance, and uptake of the COVID‐19 vaccines in West Africa.MethodsGuided by the principles of effective community engagement, this research reviewed typical case studies of past vaccination exercises to document concerns, challenges and lessons learnt. These were then used to propose pre‐immunisation interventions in West Africa to increase the COVID‐19 vaccines acceptance and uptake.ResultsConcerns about safety can undermine the rollout of the COVID‐19 vaccines. These concerns can be addressed through effective community engagement. Community leaderships could be engaged through courtesy calls, workshops and durbars to sensitise them on immunisation. Engaging the scientific community can help build trust and reduce concerns about vaccine safety. In vaccines rollout, managing misinformation is important and the media can play a critical role in addressing these in their reportage. In addition, social media is an effective monitoring tool for vaccine‐related misinformation.ConclusionThe analysis underscores the need for more community engagement before the importation and deployment of COVID‐19 vaccines in West Africa. Experiences from community responses to previous vaccination exercises for emerging and remerging infectious diseases should inform the current efforts and enhance the process to achieve high uptake and reduce vaccine hesitancy.
A prospective study on tryptophan immunoadsorption in AQP4 antibody‐positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
Authors: Liu Jing , Zhou Ran , Gong Yong , Ding Xia , Huang Qi , Zhang Yin , Feng Yiduo , Wang Dongxue , Zhou Heng , Ma Yuetao , Zhang Xinghu , Zhou Yilun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionNeuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) is a rare inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. NMOSD pathogenesis is mainly mediated by antibodies directed against aquaporin4 (AQP4 antibody). Immunoadsorption (IA) could specifically remove pathogenic antibody to alleviate the disease. Until now, prospective studies concerning the efficacy of IA on NMOSD are scarce. This study aims to prospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of IA in the treatment of NMOSD.Patients and MethodsWe included patients with AQP4 antibody‐positive NMOSD who were hospitalized from September 2019 to September 2020, with no significant improvement in symptoms after 1 week of high‐dose intravenous steroid therapy. Tryptophan IA therapy was initiated with five sessions on alternate days. Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), visual acuity, and laboratory values were measured before and after IA, with a follow‐up of 6 months. Spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics were collected. Related side effects were recorded.ResultsSeven patients were enrolled in the present study. After five IA, the patients' EDSS decreased from 5.71 ± 2.04 to 4.64 ± 2.29, P = .006. The visual acuity of the three visually impaired patients was improved. AQP4‐IgG decreased significantly from 80.00 (interquartile range [IQR], 21.00‐80.00) (U/mL) to 9.72 (IQR, 5.21‐55.57) (U/mL) (P = .018). MRI of the spinal cord showed the scope of the myelopathy was narrowed and no significant enhancement was observed on postcontrast T1‐weighted image at 90 days after treatment. Only one patient had transient hypotension.ConclusionsTryptophan IA therapy effectively and safely improved neurological function and visual acuity, and reduced the AQP4 antibody concentration in patients with NMOSD.
Implication of food insecurity on the gut microbiota and its potential relevance to a multi‐ethnic population in Malaysia
Authors: Shafiee Nor H , Razalli Nurul H , Muhammad Nawawi Khairul N , Mohd Mokhtar Norfilza , Raja Ali Raja Affendi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFood insecurity (FI) has an impact on food intake, and it can make it difficult for people to eat enough nutritious food at all times to sustain an active and healthy lifestyle. The COVID‐19 outbreak has hampered people's capacity to obtain nutritious and affordable food. Although FI has been studied in Malaysia, the extent to which it is linked to gut microbiota has yet to be discovered. This review aimed to compile evidence of the relationship between FI and gut microbial changes and their potential relevance to a multi‐ethnic population in Malaysia. FI is typically associated with cheaper and calorie‐dense foods because of the high cost of quality food and financial constraints that hinder food‐insecure people from adopting healthier dietary choices. As a result, they have started eating low‐quality food such as simple carbohydrates, fats, and processed foods. These poor eating habits can reduce microbial diversity and influence changes in the composition and function of the gut microbiota. This review also explores the impact of ethnicity on the variation in composition of gut microbiota. In conclusion, the findings of this review may be utilized to develop and implement diet‐related intervention programs to ensure that Malaysians get enough nutritious food to maintain a healthy gut microbiota and improve overall health.
Covering 2‐colored complete digraphs by monochromatic d $d$‐dominating digraphs
Authors: DeBiasio Louis , Gyárfás András 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA digraph is ‐dominating if every set of at most vertices has a common out‐neighbor. For all integers , let be the smallest integer such that the vertices of every 2‐edge‐colored (finite or infinite) complete digraph (including loops) can be covered by the vertices of at most monochromatic ‐dominating subgraphs. Note that the existence of is not obvious – indeed, the question which motivated this paper was simply to determine whether is bounded, even for . We answer this question affirmatively for all , proving and . We also give an example to show that there is no analogous bound for more than two colors. Our result provides a positive answer to a question regarding an infinite analogue of the Burr‐Erdős conjecture on the Ramsey numbers of ‐degenerate graphs. Moreover, a special case of our result is related to properties of ‐paradoxical tournaments.
Recommended Musculoskeletal and Sports Ultrasound Terminology: A Delphi‐Based Consensus Statement
Authors: Hall Mederic M. , Allen Georgina M. , Allison Sandra , Craig Joseph , DeAngelis Joseph P. , Delzell Patricia B. , Finnoff Jonathan T. , Frank Rachel M. , Gupta Atul , Hoffman Douglas F. , Jacobson Jon A. , Narouze Samer , Nazarian Levon N. , Onishi Kentaro , Ray Jeremiah W. , Sconfienza Luca M. , Smith Jay , Tagliafico Alberto 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesThe current lack of agreement regarding standardized terminology in musculoskeletal and sports ultrasound presents challenges in education, clinical practice, and research. This consensus was developed to provide a reference to improve clarity and consistency in communication.MethodsA multidisciplinary expert panel was convened consisting of 18 members representing multiple specialty societies identified as key stakeholders in musculoskeletal and sports ultrasound. A Delphi process was used to reach consensus which was defined as group level agreement >80%.ResultsContent was organized into seven general topics including: 1) General Definitions, 2) Equipment and Transducer Manipulation, 3) Anatomic and Descriptive Terminology, 4) Pathology, 5) Procedural Terminology, 6) Image Labeling, and 7) Documentation. Terms and definitions which reached consensus agreement are presented herein.ConclusionsThe historic use of multiple similar terms in the absence of precise definitions has led to confusion when conveying information between colleagues, patients, and third‐party payers. This multidisciplinary expert consensus addresses multiple areas of variability in diagnostic ultrasound imaging and ultrasound‐guided procedures related to musculoskeletal and sports medicine.
Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound Features of Adult Xp11.2 Translocation Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ma Wenliang , Zhang Fan , Huang Haifeng , Wang Wei , Zhu Yiqi , Lu Yanwen , Guo Hongqian , Gan Weidong 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate the sonographic features in Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma (Xp11.2 tRCC) using both conventional ultrasound (US) and contrast‐enhanced US (CEUS) and evaluate the usefulness of sonographic imaging characteristics to differentiate between Xp11.2 tRCC and the three common RCC subtypes.MethodsThirty‐four adult Xp11.2 tRCC patients who preoperatively underwent both conventional US and CEUS and had solitary renal lesions and pathological confirmation after surgery were enrolled. Control matched patients included 131 with clear cell RCC (ccRCC), 48 with papillary RCC (pRCC), and 35 with chromophobe RCC (chRCC). Conventional US and CEUS data of all patients were retrospectively analyzed and compared.ResultsXp11.2 tRCC was more common in young women. The echogenicity of Xp11.2 tRCC lesions was hypo‐ and isoechoic relative to the adjacent renal cortex. A higher frequency of calcification within tumors was detected in Xp11.2 tRCC, but the presence of color flow signal (26.5%, 9/34) was much lower. Regarding CEUS features relative to the adjacent renal cortex, synchronous wash‐in (61.8%, 21/34), iso‐enhancement at peak (55.9%, 19/34), and fast wash‐out (50.0%, 17/34) were more common in Xp11.2 tRCC. Moreover, an integrated variables model based on these features could differentiate Xp11.2 tRCC from ccRCC, pRCC, and chRCC (area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity: 0.934, 92.0%, and 86.0%; 0.907, 88.0%, and 87.0%; and 0.808, 65.0%, and 99.0%, respectively).ConclusionsCombining conventional US and CEUS lesion features with clinical information may provide a feasible and effective method to differentiate Xp11.2 tRCC from ccRCC, pRCC, and chRCC.