bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The diagnostic performance of combined conventional cytology with smears and cell block preparation obtained from endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration for intra-abdominal mass lesions
Authors: Pausawasdi Nonthalee , Hongsrisuwan Penprapai , Chalermwai Wipapat Vicki , Butt Amna Subhan , Maipang Kotchakon , Charatchareonwitthaya Phunchai 
Published: March 2022

Background/Aim
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is the primary method for tissue acquisition of intra-abdominal masses. However, the main limitation of cytology alone is the lack of tissue architecture and inadequate samples. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of combined conventional cytology and cell block preparation obtained from EUS-FNA of intra-abdominal masses without Rapid On-site Evaluation (ROSE).

Methods
Cytologic smears and cell block slides of 166 patients undergoing EUS-FNA during 2010–2015 were reviewed by an experienced cytopathologist blinded to clinical data.

Results
125 patients had neoplastic lesions. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma was the most common etiology (35.5%), followed by lymph node metastasis (27.7%). The mean mass size was 2.5±1.3 cm. The mean number of passes was 1.9±1.28. Tissue adequacy for conventional cytology and cell block preparation was 78.9% and 78.1%, respectively. Factors associated with tissue adequacy were assessed. For cytology, lesions of > 2.1 cm, masses in the pancreatic body or tail, malignancy, and pancreatic cancer were positively associated with adequate cellularity. For cell block preparation, lesions of > 3 cm and malignancy were associated with increased tissue adequacy. The conventional cytology alone had a sensitivity of 68.5%, a specificity of 95.7%, and an area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) of 0.821. The cell block preparation alone had a sensitivity of 65.4%, a specificity of 96%, and an AUROC of 0.807. The combined conventional cytology and cell block preparation performed significantly better than either method alone (p<0.05), as demonstrated by an increased AUROC of 0.853. Furthermore, cell block detected malignancy in 9.3% of cases where the cytologic smears failed to identify malignant cells.

Conclusions
The combined conventional cytology and cell block preparation increased the diagnostic accuracy of EUS-FNA compared to either method alone. This approach should be implemented in routine practice, especially where ROSE is unavailable.
Decreased accuracy of erythrocyte sedimentation rate in diagnosing osteomyelitis in diabetic foot infection patients with severe renal impairment: A retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Chen Xin , Shen Yiting , Wang Yuying , Li Yang , Guo Shuyu , Liang Yue , Wang Xuanyu , Zhou Siyuan , Hu Xiaojie , Ma Kaiwen , Tian Rui , Fei Wenting , Sheng Yuqin , Cao Hengjie , Que Huafa 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundRapid diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO) could reduce the risk of amputation and death in patients with diabetic foot infection (DFI). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is considered the most useful serum inflammatory marker for the diagnosis of DFO. However, whether severe renal impairment (SRI) affects its diagnostic accuracy has not been reported previously.ObjectiveTo investigate the accuracy of ESR in diagnosing DFO in DFI patients with and without SRI.MethodsThis was a retrospective cross-sectional study. From the inpatient electronic medical record system, the investigators extracted demographic information, diagnostic information, and laboratory test results of patients with DFI who had been hospitalized in Longhua Hospital from January 1, 2016 to September 30, 2021. Logistic regression was performed to analyze the interaction between ESR and SRI with adjustment for potential confounders. The area under the curve (AUC), cutoff point, sensitivity, specificity, prevalence, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), positive likelihood ratio (LR+), and negative likelihood ratio (LR−) were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and VassarStats.ResultsA total of 364 DFI patients were included in the analysis. The logistic regression analysis results showed that elevated ESR increased the probability of diagnosing DFO (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.75–3.28; adjustedP< 0.001); SRI was not associated with the diagnosis of DFO (adjusted OR, 3.20; 95% CI, 0.40–25.32; adjustedP= 0.271), but it had an obstructive effect on the diagnosis of DFO by ESR (adjusted OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.23–0.99; adjustedP= 0.048). ROC analysis in DFI patients without SRI revealed that the AUC of ESR to diagnose DFO was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.71–0.81), with the cutoff value of 45 mm/h (sensitivity, 67.8%; specificity, 78.0%; prevalence, 44.7%; PPV, 71.3%; NPV, 75.0%; LR+, 3.08; LR−, 0.41). In contrast, in patients with SRI, the AUC of ESR to diagnose DFO was 0.57 (95% CI, 0.40–0.75), with the cutoff value of 42 mm/h (sensitivity, 95.0%; specificity, 29.2%; prevalence, 45.5%; PPV, 52.8%; NPV, 87.5%; LR+, 1.34; LR−, 0.17).ConclusionsThe accuracy of ESR in diagnosing DFO in DFI patients with SRI is reduced, and it may not have clinical diagnostic value in these patients.
Pandemic trends in health care use: From the hospital bed to self-care with COVID-19
Authors: Methi Fredrik , Hernæs Kjersti Helene , Skyrud Katrine Damgaard , Magnusson Karin 
Published: March 2022

Aim
To explore whether the acute 30-day burden of COVID-19 on health care use has changed from February 2020 to February 2022.

Methods
In all Norwegians (N = 493 520) who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in four pandemic waves (February 26th, 2020 –February 16th, 2021 (1st wave dominated by the Wuhan strain), February 17th–July 10th, 2021 (2nd wave dominated by the Alpha variant), July 11th–December 27th, 2021 (3rd wave dominated by the Delta variant), and December 28th, 2021 –January 14th, 2022 (4th wave dominated by the Omicron variant)), we studied the age- and sex-specific share of patients (by age groups 1–19, 20–67, and 68 or more) who had: 1) Relied on self-care, 2) used outpatient care (visiting general practitioners or emergency ward for COVID-19), and 3) used inpatient care (hospitalized ≥24 hours with COVID-19).

Results
We find a remarkable decline in the use of health care services among COVID-19 patients for all age/sex groups throughout the pandemic. From 83% [95%CI = 83%-84%] visiting outpatient care in the first wave, to 80% [81%-81%], 69% [69%-69%], and 59% [59%-59%] in the second, third, and fourth wave. Similarly, from 4.9% [95%CI = 4.7%-5.0%] visiting inpatient care in the first wave, to 3.6% [3.4%-3.7%], 1.4% [1.3%-1.4%], and 0.5% [0.4%-0.5%]. Of persons testing positive for SARS-CoV-2, 41% [41%-41%] relied on self-care in the 30 days after testing positive in the fourth wave, compared to 16% [15%-16%] in the first wave.

Conclusion
From 2020 to 2022, the use of COVID-19 related outpatient care services decreased with 29%, whereas the use of COVID-19 related inpatient care services decreased with 80%.
The relationship between happiness and self-rated health: A population-based study of 19499 Iranian adults
Authors: Mohammadi Samira , Tavousi Mahmoud , Haeri-Mehrizi Ali Asghar , Naghizadeh Moghari Fatemeh , Montazeri Ali 
Published: March 2022

Background
Health is one of the most important factors that affect happiness. This study aimed to assess the association between happiness and self-rated health among the Iranian adult population.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of adults aged 18–65 In Iran in 2020. Demographic information, the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, and a single item on self-rated health were used to collect the data. The relationship between happiness with demographic variables and self-rated health was examined by performing logistic regression analyses.

Results
In all, 19499 were studied (9845 males and 9654 females). The mean age of participants was 36.38± 8.17 years. The mean happiness score was 4.1± 0.57 (out of 6) and this for self-rated health was 3.66±1.2 (out of 5). The results obtained from logistic regression analysis showed that very poor health status (OR: 5.114, 95% CI, P = 4.490–5.824, p <0.001), poor or very poor income status (OR: 1.553, 95% CI, P = 1.406–1.716, p <0.001), unemployment (OR: 1.704, 95% CI, P = 1.432–2.029, p <0.001), being aged 25–34 years (OR: 1.190, 95% CI, P = 1.088–1.302, p <0.001), and years of education (OR for 10–12 years of education: 1.271, 95% CI = 1.174–1.377, p< 0.001) were significant contributing factors to a lower happiness.

Conclusion
The results showed that self-rated health was the most significant factor that affected happiness even after adjustment for socioeconomic variables, including age, income, employment, and education. Indeed, improving population health might be an effective measure to improve happiness among Iranians.
Русскоязычная версия шкалы региональной идентичности
Authors: Кузнецов Александр Евгеньевич , Сычев Олег Анатольевич , Зелянская Наталья Львовна , Белоусов Константин Игоревич 
Published: March 2022

В условиях глобализации и растущей межрегиональной миграции региональная идентичность выступает в качестве одного из существенных факторов, требующих учета в социально-психологических исследованиях. Тем не менее приходится констатировать отсутствие русскоязычных инструментов оценки региональной идентичности, отвечающих современным теоретическим представлениям о еe природе. В данном исследовании была разработана русскоязычная версия шкалы региональной идентичности Р. Асуна, К. Суньига и Х.-Ф. Моралеса, включающая четыре субшкалы, с разных сторон характеризующие региональную идентичность: чувство принадлежности региону, идентификация с территорией, культурой и населением региона. Апробация методики проводилась на выборке в 1 027 жителей одиннадцати регионов России (средний возраст M = 33,7; SD = 14; 78% женщин) в ходе бланкового и онлайн-опроса. Результаты конфирматорного факторного анализа подтверждают четырехфакторную структуру опросника при наличии общего фактора региональной идентичности. Показана высокая надежность общего показателя (α Кронбаха = 0,94) и отдельных субшкал (0,78—0,88). Валидность шкалы подтверждается высокой корреляцией с показателем региональной идентичности и умеренной — с показателями российской и общечеловеческой идентичности по методике С. Макфарленда, а также существенными корреляциями с показателями гражданской идентичности по методике С. Роккас. В соответствии с ожиданиями обнаружена зависимость региональной идентичности от возраста и места рождения (в данном или другом регионе), а также от региона проживания (при контроле возраста и места рождения). Таким образом, предложенная методика представляет собой надежный и валидный инструмент, пригодный для исследования региональной идентичности жителей регионов России.
Благодарность. Исследование выполнено по гранту РНФ № 20-18-00336 «Геоконцептология и региональная идентичность».
Digitalisierung und Zivilgesellschaft
Authors: Embacher Serge 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Jahren hat in der Zivilgesellschaft eine Diskussion über den Digitalen Wandel begonnen. Die Frage ist, wie eine Gestaltung dieses Wandels im Sinne des Gemeinwohls und jenseits der staatlichen und ökonomischen Logik gelingen könnte. Eine Standortbestimmung kann zunächst dabei helfen, die Verbindung zwischen Praxis und Gestaltung der Digitalisierung zu verdeutlichen. Von hier aus lassen sich strategische Überlegungen für die Zukunft anstellen.
Increasing hardwood kraft pulp yield using sodium methyl mercaptide
Authors: Patil Ravikant , van Heiningen Adriaan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The objective of this work was to determine the effect of sodium methyl mercaptide (SMM) as an additive on the minimization of carbohydrate peeling reactions in Rock/Hard Maple (Acer saccharum) chips during kraft pulping. Two methods were evaluated for SMM addition to the pulping process: 1) pre-treatment before pulping and 2) co-addition with white liquor. The experimental results showed about 2.5% (on wood basis) increase in the kraft pulp yield after pre-treatment with 4.38% SMM (on wood basis) or the co-addition of the same amount of SMM with white liquor. The use of 4.38% SMM allowed a decrease in the white liquor effective alkali charge of 3% (on wood basis) to produce the target 14–15 kappa pulp. The 4.38% SMM charge was determined to be the optimum for both pre-treatment and co-addition. The increase in kraft pulp yield was mostly due to increased retention of cellulose (about 0.8% on wood) and xylan (about 1.8% on wood). The retention of glucomannan was insignificant in all cases. Based on the increase in intrinsic viscosity, it is concluded that the increased cellulose yield with SMM addition is caused by both reduced primary peeling and faster delignification rate (less alkaline hydrolysis followed by secondary peeling). The increased xylan retention is due to the lower effective alkali concentration during kraft pulping with SMM addition.
Estimating population-averaged hazard ratios in the presence of unmeasured confounding
Authors: Martínez-Camblor Pablo , MacKenzie Todd A. , O’Malley A. James 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Cox regression model and its associated hazard ratio (HR) are frequently used for summarizing the effect of treatments on time to event outcomes. However, the HR’s interpretation strongly depends on the assumed underlying survival model. The challenge of interpreting the HR has been the focus of a number of recent papers. Several alternative measures have been proposed in order to deal with these concerns. The marginal Cox regression models include an identifiable hazard ratio without individual but populational causal interpretation. In this work, we study the properties of one particular marginal Cox regression model and consider its estimation in the presence of omitted confounder from an instrumental variable-based procedure. We prove the large sample consistency of an estimation score which allows non-binary treatments. Our Monte Carlo simulations suggest that finite sample behavior of the procedure is adequate. The studied estimator is more robust than its competitor (Wang et al.) for weak instruments although it is slightly more biased for large effects of the treatment. The practical use of the presented techniques is illustrated through a real practical example using data from the vascular quality initiative registry. The used R code is provided as Supplementary material.
Porter assistance aux assistants: Jean Gerson (1363–1429) et sa postérité dans le domaine des soins de fin de vie
Authors: Mazour-Matusevich Yelena 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The article deals with the history of palliative care, and examines several relevant documents from the late Middle Ages and Early Modern Era. The study is divided into two parts. The first part explores the contribution of the great theologian of the late Middle Ages Jean Gerson (1363–1429) to the field of end-of-life care, and is based on his texts La médecine de l’âme, Pour l’Hôtel Dieu, Lettre à un inconnu, Lettre à un vieillard, and Nova epistola pro instructione episcoporum et prelatorum. The second part follows Gerson’s legacy in the field of end-of-life care and is based on the texts by important theologians of the second half of the 15th and early 17th centuries.
Music, Ritual and Death in a Windesheim Community in the Early Modern Low Countries
Authors: Wendling Miriam 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The manuscript B 78741 held in the Erfgoedbibliotheek Hendrik Conscience in Antwerp contains the liturgy for the last rites, death and burial of a religious sister. Copied in the late fifteenth century, this small paper book hides its origins well. However, its Dutch rubrics and Latin texts make clear that the book is for the use of a community of sisters, led by a prioress, with the assistance of a priest. The rituals have aspects in common with those from other communities – the Dominicans, in particular – but they also have some striking differences. In the following article, I compare the music, texts and rituals held in the manuscript with those from known traditions. I argue that the manuscript was made for a community of Augustinian canonesses from the Windesheim congregation, most likely Beata Maria de Galilea in Ghent.
Establishing the Jesuit Province of Mexico: The Development and the Institutions of a Missionary and Educational Province (1572–1615)
Authors: Abascal Pablo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Society of Jesus has been characterized as a global order, as it could adapt to different social and political contexts. The initial purpose of the Jesuit province in New Spain was to convert the Indians to Catholicism. However, when the Jesuits arrived they found that the social diversity of the viceroyalty, particularly the large contingent of Creole inhabitants, made it impossible for them to focus solely on the Indians. Consequently, the Order in New Spain had to forge a path between the orders issued by the King of Spain and the General of the Order based in Rome and the needs of the local inhabitants, which resulted in the Province of Mexico acquiring a missionary and educational character. The main aim of this article is to analyze the foundation and development of the Province of Mexico during the generalates of Everard Mercurian and Claudio Acquaviva by examining the institutions they opened, and the different strategies of education and evangelization that they pursued throughout the viceroyalty. It will pay special attention to the designs of the central powers in Europe, the views points and discussions on education and evangelization by actors in New Spain, and how transatlantic decisions on the Order’s role in the viceroyalty affected the evolution of the province. To do this, the article will discuss three main aspects of the Jesuits’ mission in New Spain, (1) the type of missions and colleges that the Jesuits opened, (2) how Jesuit institutions were shaped according to the group of people that they aimed to evangelize or educate, and in turn (3) how that influenced the languages that the Jesuits taught to the local inhabitants.
Knowledge Communication and the Translation of Devotional Literature within Samuel Hartlib’s Circle
Authors: van de Kamp Jan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In earlier research, Stephen Clucas observed a slight decrease in the frequency of theological and religious topics in Hartlib’s Ephemerides, from about 1640 to 1659. However, in Hartlib’s circle during this period and beyond, a serious commitment to collecting and translating English devotional literature into German can be observed. In this article, therefore, I would like to establish from the current state of The Hartlib Papers: 1) what kind of projects were carried out and by whom, 2) how these persons became involved and for how long, and 3) to what extent their work fits into the general aims and methods of members of Hartlib’s circle. From the analysis, it transpires that a network of Palatine men engaged with English devotional books from about 1632/1633 until 1662. These persons used Hartlib’s network as a platform for their projects, which were associated with several of the overall aims and methods of Hartlib’s circle.
An Analysis of the Dissertation on the Conformity of Faith and Reason in G.W. Leibniz’s Theodicy
Authors: Veldman Meine 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article analyzes Leibniz’s “Dissertation on the Conformity of Faith and Reason,” which is the preamble to his Theodicy. This dissertation can be considered Leibniz’s candid assertion and defense of the relation and conformity between faith and reason. Despite Leibniz’s very careful and nuanced arguments in favor of a conformity between faith and reason, I attempt to show that reason nonetheless emerges as the predominant principal. In the system of Leibniz faith is primarily a putting in perspective of evil and suffering as they are experienced and appear to the believer. By reason we know better, have superior insight, and are connected to the ultimate cause and essence of things.
Pattern Formation in Thermal Convective Systems: Spatio-Temporal Thermal Statistics, Emergent Flux, and Local Equilibrium
Authors: Chatterjee Atanu , Ban Takahiko , Onizuka Atsushi , Iannacchione Germano 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We discuss spatio-temporal pattern formation in two separate thermal convective systems. In the first system, hydrothermal waves (HTW) are modeled numerically in an annular channel. A temperature difference is imposed across the channel, which induces a surface tension gradient on the free surface of the fluid, leading to a surface flow towards the cold side. The flow pattern is axially symmetric along the temperature gradient with an internal circulation for a small temperature difference. This axially symmetric flow (ASF) becomes unstable beyond a given temperature difference threshold, and subsequently, symmetry-breaking flow, i. e., rotational oscillating waves or HTW appear. For the second system, Rayleigh–Bénard convection (RBC) is experimentally studied in the non-turbulent regime. When a thin film of liquid is heated, the competing forces of viscosity and buoyancy give rise to convective instabilities. This convective instability creates a spatio-temporal non-uniform temperature distribution on the surface of the fluid film. The surface temperature statistics are studied in both these systems as “order” and “disorder” phase separates. Although the mechanisms that give rise to convective instabilities are different in both cases, we find an agreement on the macroscopic nature of the thermal distributions in these emergent structures.
Parallel wave-based analog computing using metagratings
Authors: Rajabalipanah Hamid , Momeni Ali , Rahmanzadeh Mahdi , Abdolali Ali , Fleury Romain 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Wave-based signal processing has witnessed a significant expansion of interest in a variety of science and engineering disciplines, as it provides new opportunities for achieving high-speed and low-power operations. Although flat optics desires integrable components to perform multiple missions, yet, the current wave-based computational metasurfaces can engineer only the spatial content of the input signal where the processed signal obeys the traditional version of Snell’s law. In this paper, we propose a multi-functional metagrating to modulate both spatial and angular properties of the input signal whereby both symmetric and asymmetric optical transfer functions are realized using high-order space harmonics. The performance of the designed compound metallic grating is validated through several investigations where closed-form expressions are suggested to extract the phase and amplitude information of the diffractive modes. Several illustrative examples are demonstrated to show that the proposed metagrating allows for simultaneous parallel analog computing tasks such as first- and second-order spatial differentiation through a single multichannel structured surface. It is anticipated that the designed platform brings a new twist to the field of optical signal processing and opens up large perspectives for simple integrated image processing systems.
Crystal structure of alaninato-κ2
N,O-bis(hydroxylamido-κ2
N,O)-oxido-vanadium(V), C3H10N3O5V
Authors: Zhang Heng-Qiang , Juan Xia , Ning Xu , Fang Fu-Jian , Yang Xin , Zheng Xiu-Jun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
C3H10N3O5V, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 5.487(2) Å, b = 7.611(3) Å, c = 19.629(8) Å, β = 101.269(11)°, V = 803.9(5) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0375, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0866, T = 293(2) K.