bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Glocal Between the Local and the Global
Authors: Mihr Anja 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe glocal is a mixed concept of globally shared norms, attitudes, behavior, and actions, that allow individuals as well as groups and organizations to take decisions and resolve issues locally. Glocalizations is the process of norm diffusion and habits from the local to the global level, through IT and other means of communication, and from the global and international level to the local. Glocalism is the state of the art and the situation by which actors respond and act according to global norms. Moreover, glocality is a theoretical notion that explains how and by which mode local actors such as city majors solve urban problems in response to universally agreed human rights or labor norms. Glocality is also bridgebuilder and an act of connectivity between the Western way of life that is often seen as a lead in glocalization, and the non-western world.
The System of Glocal Governance
Authors: Mihr Anja 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGlocal governance is a political system and a concept at the same time. It is a conceptual and intellectual framework and hence notion of how to govern beyond Nation-States. It became a new and systematic form of day-to-day governance practice, when filling existing power and the governance vacuums in dysfunctional or failing states and even during wartimes. For democratic countries it is a proposal to add quality to existing democratic practice in the period of digitalization. For non-democratic, corrupt, and dysfunctional countries and societies glocal governance is a way to introduce good governance principles and human rights compliance through the bottom-up approach to maintain basic elements of human security.
Intensivmedizinische Versorgung von Patienten mit akuter Intoxikation in Deutschland – ein Rückblick über 20 Jahre
Authors: Bremen Kristin , Wirtz Theresa H. , Brozat Jonathan F. , Abu Jhaisha Samira , Hohlstein Philipp , Pollmanns Maike , Buendgens Lukas , Trautwein Christian , Koch Alexander 
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die vorliegende Studie präsentiert ein Kollektiv akut intoxikierter Patienten, die in den letzten 2 Jahrzehnten auf eine medizinische Intensivstation eines tertiären Versorgungszentrums in Deutschland aufgenommen wurden.

Ziel der Arbeit
Das Ziel der Studie bestand darin, einen Überblick zur akuten Intoxikation als relevantes intensivmedizinisches Krankheitsbild und hiermit assoziierte klinische Charakteristika sowie die Prognose der betroffenen Patienten zu bieten.

Material und Methoden
Die Studienkohorte umfasst 1030 Patienten, die in den Jahren1999–2019 aufgrund einer akuten Vergiftung auf die medizinische Intensivstation der Uniklinik RWTH Aachen aufgenommen wurden. Demographische und klinische Merkmale sowie das klinische Management wurden detailliert analysiert und zwischen alters- und geschlechtsspezifischen Untergruppen verglichen.

Ergebnisse
Suizidversuche stellten die häufigste Ursache für die intensivmedizinische Aufnahme intoxikierter Patienten dar. Insbesondere führten Medikamente, v. a. Antidepressiva, zu einer akuten Vergiftung. Die Substanzen variierten hierbei je nach Geschlecht und Alter der betroffenen Patienten. In der Subgruppe der älteren Patienten stellten Benzodiazepine die am häufigsten verwendeten Substanzen dar. 286 Patienten (28 %) entwickelten ≥ 1 Organversagen. Die Gesamtmortalität betrug 2,6 %. Im Vergleich der ersten (1999–2009) mit der zweiten Dekade (2010–2019) des Beobachtungszeitraums zeigte sich ein Trend zu einer häufigeren Einnahme von Antidepressiva und Alkohol, während die Verwendung von Benzodiazepinen rückläufig war.

Diskussion
Obwohl die Gesamtmortalität im beobachteten Kollektiv gering ist, repräsentieren akut vergiftete Patienten fast 10 % aller Einweisungen auf die Intensivstation und beanspruchen insbesondere in Zeiten begrenzter Intensivkapazitäten wertvolle Ressourcen.
A free mind cannot be digitally transferred
Authors: Génova Gonzalo , Moreno Valentín , Parra Eugenio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe digital transfer of the mind to a computer system (i.e., mind uploading) requires representing the mind as a finite sequence of bits (1s and 0s). The classic “stored-program computer” paradigm, in turn, implies the equivalence between program and data, so that the sequence of bits themselves can be interpreted as a program, which will be algorithmically executed in the receiving device. Now, according to a previous proof, on which this paper is based, a computational or algorithmic machine, however complex, cannot be free (in the sense of ‘self-determined’). Consequently, a finite sequence of bits cannot adequately represent a free mind and, therefore, a free mind cannot be digitally transferred, quod erat demonstrandum. The impossibility of making this transfer, as demonstrated here, should be a concern especially for those who wish to achieve it. Since we intend this to be a rigorous demonstration, we must give precise definitions and conditions of validity. The most important part of the paper is devoted to explaining the meaning and reasonableness of these definitions and conditions (for example that being truly free means being self-determined). Special attention is paid, also, to the philosophical implications of the demonstration. Finally, this thesis is distinguished from other closely related issues (such as other possible technological difficulties to “discretize” the mind; or, whether it is possible to transfer the mind from one material support to another one in a non-digital way).
Optimisation of tool path shape in trochoidal milling using B-spline curves
Authors: Jacso Adam , Sikarwar Basant Singh , Phanden Rakesh Kumar , Singh Rajeev Kumar , Ramkumar Janakarajan , Sahu Govind N. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn recent years, trochoidal milling has become greatly widespread since it provides high productivity and long tool life, especially when cutting difficult-to-machine materials. Numerous studies have dealt with the analytical description and the experimental investigation of the evolution of cutting force, temperature, tool wear, chatter stability, etc. However, most of these analyses are focusing on the conventional circular and cycloid-shape trajectories. Only a few studies address the potential of improving the efficiency by modifying the tool path shape, leaving significant reserves untapped. If the mathematical formulation of the trajectory cannot be described easily, then a sophisticated optimisation algorithm is needed to determine the appropriate tool path shape. To overcome these difficulties at trochoidal milling of straight slots, the present work proposes a new tool path generation algorithm that can maximize the average material removal rate (MRR) while controlling the tool load. In this approach, the tool path is modelled by a B-spline curve whose control points are optimised using a differential evolution algorithm. The developed tool path generation strategy was compared through simulations and experiments with two widely used solutions viz the traditional cycloid-shaped tool path and a modern approach used in computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) systems. The results reveal that the developed method is able to control the tool load and the smoothness of the tool path, and most importantly, also exceeds the existing methods in terms of productivity.
mTOR pathway mediates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced CD4+ T cell apoptosis in septic mice
Authors: Bai Guangxu , Wang Hao , Cui Na 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEndoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) has been well documented to participate in the pathophysiological processes of apoptosis in many diseases. Inhibition of ERS ameliorates pathological organ injury. However, the upstream signaling pathways and molecular regulatory mechanisms of which are still unknown. mTOR, an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase, is a key regulator of apoptosis. Hence, in this study, a classical cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis model was constructed by using the T cell-specific knockout mTOR and TSC1 (Tuberous Sclerosis Complex, the inhibitor of mTOR signaling pathway) mice to explore the underlying signaling pathway and molecular mechanism of host immune imbalance caused by apoptosis in sepsis. We found that mTOR may modulate septic T cell apoptosis by regulating Akt–IRE1–JNK pathway. To further clarify the possible mechanism, the specific inhibitors of PI3K-Akt and IRE1–JNK were used to intervene in mice before/after CLP, respectively. By analyzing the proteins of mTOR-ERS signaling pathway and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and genes, we found that mTOR mediated the ER stress induced CD4+ T cell apoptosis in Septic mice by negatively regulating the Akt–IRE1–JNK-Caspase 3 signaling cascades. These results indicate that mTOR–Akt–IRE1α–JNK signaling pathway mediated the Endoplasmic reticulum stress induced CD4+ T cell apoptosis in Septic mice.
Horizontal Variations of Nocturnal Temperature and Turbulence Over Microtopography
Authors: Mahrt L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNocturnal spatial variation of temperature, wind, and turbulence over microtopography is generally poorly understood. Low amplitude microtopography covers much of the Earth’s surface and, with very stable conditions, can produce significant spatial variations of temperature and turbulence. We examine such variations over gentle terrain that include two shallow gullies that feed into a small valley. The gullies are covered by a sub-network of seven flux stations that is embedded within a larger network that covers the valley. The measurements indicate that gullies of only 2–5-m depth and 100-m width can often lead to spatial variations of temperature of several kelvin or more. Such variations depend on ambient wind speed and direction and the near-surface stratification. We investigate the surprising importance of microscale lee turbulence occurring over the gentle microtopography with slopes of only 5%. Near-surface stratification unexpectedly tends to increase with surface elevation on the slopes. We examine the potential causes of this puzzling behaviour of the near-surface stratification.
Systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis on virtual reality and education
Authors: Rojas-Sánchez Mario A. , Palos-Sánchez Pedro R. , Folgado-Fernández José A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The objective of this study is to identify and analyze the scientific literature with a bibliometric analysis to find the main topics, authors, sources, most cited articles, and countries in the literature on virtual reality in education. Another aim is to understand the conceptual, intellectual, and social structure of the literature on the subject and identify the knowledge base of the use of VR in education and whether it is commonly used and integrated into teaching–learning processes. To do this, articles indexed in the Main Collections of the Web of Science, Scopus and Lens were analyzed for the period 2010 to 2021. The research results are presented in two parts: the first is a quantitative analysis that provides an overview of virtual reality (VR) technology used in the educational field, with tables, graphs, and maps, highlighting the main performance indicators for the production of articles and their citation. The results obtained found a total of 718 articles of which the following were analyzed 273 published articles. The second stage consisted of an inductive type of analysis that found six major groups in the cited articles, which are instruction and learning using VR, VR learning environments, use of VR in different fields of knowledge, learning processes using VR applications or games, learning processes employing simulation, and topics published during the Covid-19 pandemic. Another important aspect to mention is that VR is used in many different areas of education, but until the beginning of the pandemic the use of this so-called “disruptive process” came mainly from students, Institutions were reluctant and slow to accept and include VR in the teaching–learning processes.
When Greenberger, Horne and Zeilinger Meet Wigner’s Friend
Authors: Leegwater Gijs 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA general argument is presented against relativistic, unitary, single-outcome quantum mechanics. This is achieved by combining the Wigner’s Friend thought experiment with measurements on a Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state, and describing the evolution of the quantum state in various inertial frames. Assuming unitary quantum mechanics and single outcomes, the result is that the Born rule must be violated in some inertial frame: in that frame, outcomes are obtained for which no corresponding term exists in the pre-measurement wavefunction.
Rigid rotation in GR and a generalization of the virial theorem for gravitomagnetism
Authors: Astesiano Davide 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this work we study the properties of rigidly rotating neutral dust solutions in general relativity. This class of solutions gained relevance recently due to applications to the dynamics of spiral galaxies. We show that this class could be interpreted as a “rigid body” in general relativity and we analyze the different properties respect to the rigidly rotating disk in special relativity: for example, the general relativistic counterpart shows no Doppler effect for a light signal emitted and received from any two points at rest respect to the “rigid body”. This effect can be important to test the validity of the assumed model for our galaxy. In the second part we approach the problem from a low energy expansion perspective and we write down a generalization of the virial theorem for stationary spacetimes. The non-Newtonian contributions can lead to a re-weighting of dark matter in galaxies.
The role of genetic variation in Zea mays response to beneficial endophytes
Authors: Schultz Corey R. , Brantley Kamaya M. , Wallace Jason G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGrowth-promoting endophytes have great potential to boost crop production and sustainability. There is, however, a lack of research on how differences in the plant host affect an endophyte’s ability to promote growth. We set out to quantify how different maize genotypes respond to specific growth-promoting endophytes. We inoculated genetically diverse maize lines with three different known beneficial endophytes: Herbaspirillum seropedicae (a Gram-negative bacteria), Burkholderia WP9 (a Gram-negative bacteria), and Serendipita vermifera Subsp. bescii (a Basidiomycota fungi). Maize seedlings were grown for 3 weeks under controlled watering and limited nutrient conditions in the greenhouse and assessed for various growth-promotion phenotypes. We found Herbaspirillum seropedicae to increase chlorophyll content (p = 0.02), plant height (p = 0.012), root length (p = 0.057), and root volume (p = 0.044) significantly in different maize genotypes, while Burkholderia WP9 did not promote growth in maize genotypes under these conditions. Serendipita bescii significantly increased plant height (p = 0.0041), root (p = 0.0004) and shoot biomass (p = 0.0046) for different maize genotypes, and shoot mass growth promotion correlated (r = 0.58, p = 1.97e−09) with measured fungal abundance. Although plant genetic variation by itself had a strong effect on phenotype, its interaction with the different endophytes was weak, and the endophytes rarely produced consistent effects across different genotypes. This genome-by-genome interaction indicates that the relationship between a plant host and beneficial endophytes is complex, and it may partly explain why many microbe-based growth stimulants fail to translate from laboratory settings to the field. Detangling these interactions will provide a ripe area for future studies to understand how to best harness beneficial endophytes for agriculture.
Constraints on Rice Cultivation in Eastern Madagascar: Which Factors Matter to Smallholders, and Which Influence Food Security?
Authors: Dröge Saskia , Poudyal Mahesh , Hockley Neal , Mandimbiniaina Rina , Rasoamanana Alexandra , Andrianantenaina Nilsen S. , Llopis Jorge C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the eastern rainforests of Madagascar, rainfed swidden rice cultivation remains prevalent despite efforts to encourage uptake of irrigated systems to reduce deforestation. We used agricultural surveys with a stratified sample of 171 households to investigate constraints on and productivity of irrigated and rainfed rice perceived by farmers, and actual rice yields. Irrigated rice plots had higher median yields (1.72 t/ha compared to 0.62 t/ha), but farmers perceived the type of rice cultivation they practised themselves as more productive, possibly reflecting differences in the land suitability, farmers experience, and other constraints. While some factors, such as pests and water, were mentioned to limit yields, access to fertiliser was not frequently mentioned by smallholders. Higher food security was related to irrigated rice farming, higher rice yields, and owning more livestock. Conservation initiatives need to target households with and without access to irrigable land to improve food security and reduce deforestation, as exclusively promoting a cessation of swidden agriculture is neglecting its cultural value and the scarcity of irrigable land in the region.
Imbalanced regression using regressor-classifier ensembles
Authors: Orhobor Oghenejokpeme I. , Grinberg Nastasiya F. , Soldatova Larisa N. , King Ross D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe present an extension to the federated ensemble regression using classification algorithm, an ensemble learning algorithm for regression problems which leverages the distribution of the samples in a learning set to achieve improved performance. We evaluated the extension using four classifiers and four regressors, two discretizers, and 119 responses from a wide variety of datasets in different domains. Additionally, we compared our algorithm to two resampling methods aimed at addressing imbalanced datasets. Our results show that the proposed extension is highly unlikely to perform worse than the base case, and on average outperforms the two resampling methods with significant differences in performance.
Do ESG funds make stakeholder-friendly investments?
Authors: Raghunandan Aneesh , Rajgopal Shiva 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInvestment funds that claim to focus on socially responsible stocks have proliferated in recent times. In this paper, we verify whether ESG mutual funds actually invest in firms that have stakeholder-friendly track records. Using a comprehensive sample of self-labelled ESG mutual funds (as identified by Morningstar) in the United States from 2010 to 2018, we find that these funds hold portfolio firms with worse track records for compliance with labor and environmental laws, relative to portfolio firms held by non-ESG funds managed by the same financial institutions in the same years. Relative to other funds offered by the same asset managers in the same years, ESG funds hold stocks that are more likely to voluntarily disclose carbon emissions performance but also stocks with higher carbon emissions per unit of revenue. Despite these findings, ESG funds hold portfolio firms with higher average ESG scores. We show that ESG scores are correlated with the quantity of voluntary ESG-related disclosures but not with firms’ compliance records or actual levels of carbon emissions. Finally, ESG funds appear to underperform financially relative to other funds within the same asset manager and year, and to charge higher fees. Our findings suggest that socially responsible funds do not appear to follow through on proclamations of concerns for stakeholders.
Do Immigrants have a Moral Duty to Learn the Host Society’s Language?
Authors: Hoesch Matthias 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn many Western countries, the host society expects immigrants to learn the official language and often reacts in severe ways if they do not. One of the normative questions that arise in this context is whether immigrants have a moral duty to learn the host society’s language. The paper evaluates the four most promising arguments for why immigrants might have such a duty: respect towards the host society; the unavoidability of communication situations involving duties; the duty to avoid becoming reliant on assistance from the welfare system; and a contract between the host society and immigrants. The paper argues that only the third and the fourth arguments support a moral obligation, and that they do so subject to several conditions and only for particular groups of immigrants.
Cook Wilson on knowledge and forms of thinking
Authors: Longworth Guy , Wimmer Simon 
Published: June 2022

AbstractJohn Cook Wilson is an important predecessor of contemporary knowledge first epistemologists: among other parallels, he claimed that knowledge is indefinable. We reconstruct four arguments for this claim discernible in his work, three of which find no clear analogues in contemporary discussions of knowledge first epistemology. We pay special attention to Cook Wilson’s view of the relation between knowledge and forms of thinking (like belief). Claims of Cook Wilson’s that support the indefinability of knowledge include: that knowledge, unlike belief, straddles an active/passive divide; that, rather than entailing belief, knowledge excludes belief; and that understanding forms of thinking other than knowledge (such as belief) depends on understanding knowledge. Reflecting on Cook Wilson’s framework highlights underappreciated concerns relevant to any attempt to define knowledge.
Empowering Indigenous natural hazards management in northern Australia
Authors: Russell-Smith Jeremy , James Glenn , Dhamarrandji Alan Maratja , Gondarra Ted , Burton Danny , Sithole Bevlyne , Campion Otto Bulmaniya , Hunter-Xenie Hmalan , Archer Ricky , Sangha Kamaljit K. , Edwards Andrew C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNorthern Australia is prone to recurring severe natural hazards, especially frequent cyclones, flooding, and extensive wildfires. The region is sparsely populated (≪ 0.5 persons km−2), with Indigenous (Aboriginal) residents comprising 14% of the population, and typically the majority in remote regions. Despite national policy committed to addressing emergency management (EM) in vulnerable Indigenous communities, implementation remains unfunded. We synthesise participatory intercultural research conducted over seven years exploring core challenges, opportunities and potential solutions towards developing effective EM partnerships. Similar EM engagement and empowerment issues face First Nations and local communities in many international settings. In search of solutions, we explore developing effective partnership arrangements between EM agencies and culturally diverse Indigenous communities. Observing that government already provides substantial investment in cultural and natural resource management programmes conducted by over 150 Indigenous Ranger Groups (IRGs) nationally, we demonstrate that expansion of IRG roles to incorporate EM community engagement and service delivery can provide multiple cost-effective community and business development benefits for many remote communities.