bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Zinc and Carbon Doped on the Atomic Interdiffusion of InGaAs/AlGaAs Quantum Wells Laser Structures After Annealing
Authors: Gareso Paulus L. 
Published: February 2022

We have compared a zinc and a carbon doped on the atomic interdiffusion of InGaAs/AlGaAs after annealing using Electrochemical capacitance voltage (EC-V), X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. Electrochemical capacitance voltage measurements revealed that the carrier concentration in the Zn-doped p++GaAs contact layers decreased after annealing at 900oC for 60 sec, indicating that some of the Zn acceptors were passivated or outdiffused from the surface. In contrast to the C-doped samples, an increase of carrier concentration was observed after annealing. X-ray rocking curve confirmed this result where the amount of lattice contraction increase after annealing which is attributed to the presence of the substitutional carbon CAs. Photoluminescence results showed that a large energy shift was observed in the Zn-doped samples compare with C- doped samples. Photoluminescence measurements after etching to various depth showed similar luminescence defects in both Zn- and C-doped samples. Photocurrent measurements showed the quality of quantum well was improve after annealing in C-doped samples due to activation of carbon doped.
Effect of Alkali Compound on Morphology and Luminescence Intensity of Europium-doped Yttria
Authors: Astuti Astuti , Abdullah Mikrajuddin , Khairurrijal Khairurrijal 
Published: February 2022

Luminescent particles of europium-doped yttria (Y2O3:Eu) have been synthesized by heating nitrous precursors in a solution of polyethylene glycol (PEG) matrix containing alkali compound (LiOH, NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2). High luminescence intensity at around 612 nm contributed by electron transitions in Eu3+(5D0 → 7F0, 5D0 → 7F1,5D0 → 7F2, and 5D0 → 7F3) were observed. The highest intensity was observed in samples prepared using Li compound, but he smallest particle size was observed in samples prepared using Ca compound. This approach is promising for production of submicrometer down to nanometer-sized Y2O3:Eu particles that have both small in particle sizes and high luminescence intensity which is potential for use in development of luminescence ink that can be adapted to the current ink jet printing technology.
Determination and Evaluation of Heavy Metal Concentration in Surface Water and Sediment from Orashi River in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Okwodu N. E. , Okorie P. U. , Nwoke B. E. B. 
Published: February 2022

The research was intended to study the influence of human and industrial activities on the Orashi River. Three groups are observed to have impacted the environment – Oil/gas industries, tyre burning (smokes and ashes) released during roasting of slaughtered animals in abattoir, untreated human and animal waste from settlers and the abattoir. The study was carried out from September 2019 to August 2020. The mean concentrations of the parameters studied in some samples were close to or exceeded World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigerian Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv) recommended limits for drinking water and seafood. The results from this study have provided information on the heavy metals profile on the surface water and sediment of the river. Essential heavy metals detected in water were in the range of Cu (1-5.4mg/l), Zn (1-4.4mg/l) and Fe (0.1 – 1.8 mg/l) which were within the WHO (1989), USEPA (1986), FEPA (1999) permissible limit of 3mg/l. The non-essential metals investigated were Cd, Cr and Pb but only Cd was detected. Cd levels (0.1-0.8mg/l) were slightly high, above the permissible limit of 0.01mg/l. Heavy metals in sediment were higher than those in the water body, occurring in the sequence Zn>Cu>Fe >Cd. The ranges were Zn (1.4-5mg/kg), Cu (0.8-3mg/kg), Fe (0.4-4.9mg/kg) and Cd (0.5-1.8mg/kg). All relationship were statistically significant (p=0.05). With regards to seasonal variation, dry season recorded higher values than rainy season. Heavy metals in sediment were higher than those in the water body, occurring in the sequence Zn>Cu>Fe >Cd. The ranges were Zn (1.4-5mg/kg), Cu (0.8-3mg/kg), Fe (0.4-4.9mg/kg) and Cd (0.5-1.8mg/kg). Cd and Fe in water and sediment have higher concentration during the dry season while Cu and Zn are higher during the rainy season in both parameters during the study period. Increased level of pollutants in the Orashi River may have significant effect on the ecological balance of the River. Again, long term bioaccumulation through food chain is a major concern as this study had revealed that sediment act as sink of pollutant loads than the water samples.
Safety Chemical Residues of Protected Crops against Insect Pest Infestation on Health Care Delivery and Environment, a Review
Authors: Azeez O. M. 
Published: February 2022

The use of pesticides for effective pests control has generated a lot of concerns relating to public health and environmental pollution. Nigerian cocoa production is still dependent on pesticides to attain acceptable levels of crop production. Kola nuts need no further processing before consumption hence little or no chemical residue therein will be acceptable, perhaps sparingly chemical should be used for storage pests. The screening of new insecticides, fungicides and herbicides, new spraying pumps are usually evaluated by the Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN), for their efficiency before they are recommended for use in the application of cocoa pesticides and spraying equipment in Nigeria. Accordingly, Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has reviewed the maximum residue levels (MRLs) currently established at European level for the pesticide active substance like chlorpyrifos. Therefore, to assess the concentration of chlorpyrifos residues in plants, processed commodities and rotational crops EFSA considered the conclusions derived in the framework of Directive 91/414/EEC, the MRL s established by the Codex Alimentarius Commission. However, the indices to national Maximum Residue Level (MRL) regulations on pesticides affecting agricultural and food trade were employed using a science-based criteria embodied in Codex Alimentarius international standards. The consumer risk assessment is considered and measures for reduction of the consumer exposure were also considered.
Impact of STCR Based Nutrient Application on Dry Matter Accumulation, Partitioning of Potassium in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) and Potassium Fractions in Black Cotton Soil of Central India
Authors: Choudhary Saroj , Singh Baghel Shekhar , Choudhary Sunita , Rani Mukta , Devika O. Siva , Singh Arjun , Patra Abhik 
Published: February 2022

Chemical fertilizers used by the majority of Indian farmers are based on a generalized recommendation that overlooks soil fertility and crop response. These broad recommendations frequently result in under- or over-fertilization, resulting in reduced productivity, efficiency, and environmental pollution. To address these issues, the STCR-target yield approach appears to be promising. However, the dynamics of potassium (K), an important primary essential nutrient, is not fully understood under STCR based approach. Therefore, our current study was aimed to profile the dynamics of potassium in rice parts and its different forms in vertisol. The present study was conducted at the soil science research farm of Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, a part of AICRP on the effect of soil test and crop response based nutrient management on potassium partitioning in rice crop and its fractions in vertisol of Madhya Pradesh. The treatments comprised of T1 : Control (no fertilizer application); T2 : General recommended dose (120:60:40 N, P2O5 and K2O kg ha-1); T3 : Targeted Yield 50 q ha-1 (115:90:49 N, P2O5 and K2O kg ha-1); T4 : Targeted Yield 60 q ha-1 (157:125:70 N, P2O5 and K2O kg ha-1); T5 : Targeted Yield 50 q ha-1 with 5 t FYM ha-1 (115:90:49 N, P2O5 and K2O kg ha-1); and T6 : Targeted Yield 60 q ha-1 with 5 t FYM ha-1 (157:125:70 N, P2O5 and K2O kg ha-1). Partitioning of K into different parts of rice was anlaysed and the result showed that T6 has a significant effect on it. Highest concentration of K in root, leaves, stem, panicle and grain (0.353, 1.730, 2.510, 0.441 and 0.275%, respectively) was found in T6. STCR based fertilizer with 5 tonnes FYM ha-1 application significantly influenced the different fractions of soil K and the maximum available potassium, which is present in the form of water-soluble, exchangeable, and non-exchangeable forms, equilibrium with each other, were also found to be maximum in treatment T6. The study based on STCR demonstrated that STCR based integrated use of fertilizers and manure for targeting yield can produce targeted yield without deteriorating soil fertility.
Phytochemicals and Comparative antimicrobial activities of D. velutinum, S. nodiflora, and Honey against Micro-Organism of Public Health Importance
Authors: Onyeka Ifeanyi Peter , Onyegbule Felix Ahamefule , Ifeoma Ibe Chioma, , Markben Adione Nnamdi , Obodike Ezugwu Christopher 
Published: February 2022

Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health challenge with numerous implications. A growing number of infections are becoming harder to treat due to resistance to the antibiotics used to treat infectious diseases leading to multidrug resistant strains as typically seen in staphylococcus aureus. Microbial resistance to antibiotics has been on the increase leading to increased infection therefore this study evaluated the antimicrobial profile of D. velutinum, S. nodiflora and honey against the multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Shigella spp, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus and a fungus; Candida albicans which causes different diseases leading to public health implications using standard laboratory procedures.
The result showed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, phlobatanins, saponins, proteins, carbohydrates and anthocyanins across the three samples (D. velutinum, S. nodiflora and honey). The result from the findings showed a dose dependent activity against the selected organisms. It showed that D. velutinum had the best activity against P. aeruginosa, Shigella spp and C. albicans which implied that D. velutinum could be harnessed for the treatment of urinary and joint infections caused by P. aeruginosa and other infections such as shigellosis and candidiasis. The findings showed that S. nodiflora has the best minimum inhibition concentration of 1 against E. coli and S. typhi respectively.
This finding also, suggests that S. nodiflora can be harnessed as an alternative treatment of infectious diseases caused by S. aureus, E. coli and S. typhi and therefore we hereby conclude that plant-based drugs remain an alternative source of therapeutic agents against multidrug resistant micro-organism of public health importance.
Green Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Using Ginger Oleoresin and Evaluation of its Anticancer Activity against Liver Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Kumar Raja , Roy Anitha , Rajeshkumar S. , Raghunandhakumar S. , Thangavelu Lakshmi 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Nanotechnology is getting used in developing countries to assist, treat disease, and stop health issues. Nanotechnology in addition to nanomedicine is being applied to or developed for application to a spread of commercial and purification processes. Ginger, scientifically known as Zingiber officinale, belongs to the family Zingiberaceae.
Aim: The aim of the study was to green synthesis copper nanoparticles using ginger oleoresin and to evaluate its cytotoxic activity against liver cancer cells.
Materials and Methods: The Ginger oleoresin was obtained from Synthite Industries Private Limited, Kerala with a product code: 4010000370 was used for the study. Copper nanoparticles were prepared from oleoresin and confirmed using UV-Visible spectroscopy. The prepared copper nanoparticles were then evaluated for the anticancer effect on liver cancer cells using the method of Mosmann. The cells (1 × 105 cells per ml) were seeded in a 96 well microtiter plate (100 μl per well) with replications. Different concentration (control, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 60 μg/ml) of ginger oleoresins mediated copper nanoparticles were tested for the anticancer activity. The percentage of cell viability was calculated.
Results: Dose-dependent anticancer activity was observed with ginger oleoresins mediated copper Nanoparticles. The IC 50 value was 30 mg / ml
Conclusion: In the present study, ginger oleoresin showed a good activity cytotoxic effect on liver cancer cell lines. However, more research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms of the cytotoxic property of the ginger plant.
Evaluation of Anticancer Effect of Lippia nodiflora Leaf Extract on Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Ashritha M. , Elumalai P. , Raghunandhakumar S. , Lakshmi T. , Roy Anitha 
Published: February 2022

Background: Lung cancer, also known as bronchogenic carcinoma, is a kind of cancer that begins in the lung parenchyma or inside the bronchi. In the United States, it is one of the top causes of cancer-related fatalities. Lippia nodiflora is a flowering, broadleaf plant native to South America. Lippia nodiflora has been used as a natural medicine for a number of disorders due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and anti-tumor characteristics.
Aim of the Study: To evaluate the anticancer effect of Lippia nodiflora leaf extract on lung cancer.
Materials and methods: The cytotoxic effect of Lippia nodiflora leaf extract was assessed by an MTT assay. The A-549 cells were treated with different concentrations of Lippia nodiflora leaf extract (10-120 μg) for 24h. Analysis of changes in the cell morphology is examined by phase contrast microscope. For the nuclear morphological changes analysis, DAPI staining was used in lung cancer cells. The apoptotic nuclei were viewed under a fluorescent microscope.
Results: In our study, Lippia nodiflora leaf extract treated cells showed significant reduction of cell viability in lung cancer cells. 50% of the inhibition was observed in a 20 μg/ml concentration, which has been taken as the inhibitory concentration (IC-50) which was used for further analyses. The pro-apoptotic effect of Lippia nodiflora leaf extract in A549 cell line was determined by DAPI staining under a fluorescence microscope. Lippia nodiflora leaf extract treatment alters the nuclear morphology and condensed nuclei in lung cancer cells at 20μg/ml concentration.
Conclusion: Overall, it can be concluded that Lippia nodiflora presents anticancer activity at 20μg/ml concentration at 24 hrs againstthe lung cancer cell line. However, further research is warrented to find out the molecular mechanism of cytotoxicity of effect this plant extract against lung cancer.
Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Activity of White Pepper Oleoresin Mediated Selenium Nanoparticles
Authors: Saivarshine S. , Roy Anitha , Rajeshkumar S. , Thangavelu Lakshmi 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Indian spices such as turmeric, ginger, and mint bring color and flavor to food and cure many ailments too.
Aim: To study the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of white pepper oleoresin-mediated selenium nanoparticles.
Materials and Methods: The white pepper oleoresin extract was collected from Synthite Industries Pvt Limited, with a product code - 4010000835. Selenium nanoparticles were initially prepared using white pepper oleoresin and DPPH assay was performed on the different concentrations of white pepper oleoresin (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 μg/ml) for antioxidant activity, and anti-inflammatory activity was tested by the following method proposed by Muzushima and Kabayashi with specific alterations.
Results: White pepper has shown a very good anti-inflammatory effect and antioxidant activity when compared to the standard used at higher concentrations. Selenium nanoparticles appeared to have 90 percent inhibition in 50μL, which was also higher than the standard. Selenium nanoparticles seemed to have 85 percent inhibition in 50μL, which was also lower than the standard.
Conclusion: The present study has demonstrated an eco-friendly and cost-effective synthesis of Selenium nanoparticles using White pepper oleoresin. White pepper oleoresin mediated Selenium nanoparticles were with good anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity which may be utilized include for its use in inflammatory and other conditions where there is a requirement for antioxidant activity.
BATUCADA NO MORRO: A PRESENÇA DA RODA DE SAMBA NO CONTO ANA DAVENGA, DA AUTORA CONCEIÇÃO EVARISTO
Authors: Da Silva Arlene Batista , De Oliveira Ana Carla Soares 
Published: February 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo levantar discussões acerca da presença da roda de samba no conto Ana Davenga (1995), de Conceição Evaristo, a partir dos aspectos da tradição histórica. Inicialmente, reconhece-se a importância do samba como forma de divertimento para as comunidades afro-brasileiras, tendo em vista as influências culturais oriundas da África. Assim, busca-se apoio nos referenciais teóricos de Hermano Vianna na obra O Mistério do Samba (1995), Feitiço Decente (2012) de Carlos Sandroni, O terreiro e a Cidade (2002), de Muniz Sodré, entre outros. No conto Ana Davenga, a roda de samba compõe o espaço da narrativa como o lugar de divertimento e alegria ao passo das batucadas. Ancorado em uma análise literária, este artigo trouxe resultados reflexivos sobre as relações interartes – literatura e música, com destaque para o legado deixado pelos povos em nossa tradição musical.
Recommendations and Action Plans to Improve Ex Situ Nutrition and Health of Marine Teleosts
Authors: Williams Scott , Stoskopf Michael , Francis-Floyd Ruth , Koutsos Liz , Dierenfeld Ellen , Harmon Todd , Cicotello Eileen , German Donovan , Semmen Kent , Keaffaber Jeffery , Olea-Popelka Francisco , Livingston Shannon , Sullivan Kathleen , Valdes Eduardo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The International Workshop for Ex-Situ Marine Teleost Nutrition and Health, hosted by Disney's Animals, Science and Environment in conjunction with the Comparative Nutrition Society, brought together over 50 animal experts and scientists representing 20 institutions to review current science and identify challenges of marine teleost nutrition and health. Invited speakers presented critical information and current research topics for areas of emphasis and expertise. Subject matter experts identified knowledge gaps and primary areas of focus to guide the scientific community's research efforts to improve the care of ex situ marine teleosts. The clinical medicine working group highlighted standardized approaches to ante- and postmortem sample collection, diet biosecurity and supplementation, advanced diagnostic methods, and expanded training in fish nutrition. Nutrition identified the creation of a husbandry and feeding management manual, comprehensive feeding program review and design, and specialty feeder/life stage nutrition as areas of focus, while animal husbandry focused on body condition scoring, feed delivery techniques, and behavioral husbandry topics. The physiology and chemistry and water quality working groups discussed components of the aquatic environment and their effects on fish health, including organic matter constituents, microbial diversity, disinfection, and managing microbiota. Finally, we reviewed how epidemiological approaches and considerations can improve our evaluation of aquarium teleost nutrition and health. The goals outlined by each working group and supporting literature discussion are detailed in this communication and represent our goals for the next 3 to 5 years, with the ultimate objective of the workshop being the production of a husbandry manual for marine teleost nutrition and health. Any scientists who feel that their experience, research, or interests align with these goals are invited to participate by contacting the authors.
Attention‐guided duplex adversarial U‐net for pancreatic segmentation from computed tomography images
Authors: Li Meiyu , Lian Fenghui , Li Yang , Guo Shuxu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeSegmenting the organs from computed tomography (CT) images is crucial to early diagnosis and treatment. Pancreas segmentation is especially challenging because the pancreas has a small volume and a large variation in shape.MethodsTo mitigate this issue, an attention‐guided duplex adversarial U‐Net (ADAU‐Net) for pancreas segmentation is proposed in this work. First, two adversarial networks are integrated into the baseline U‐Net to ensure the obtained prediction maps resemble the ground truths. Then, attention blocks are applied to preserve much contextual information for segmentation. The implementation of the proposed ADAU‐Net consists of two steps: 1) backbone segmentor selection scheme is introduced to select an optimal backbone segmentor from three two‐dimensional segmentation model variants based on a conventional U‐Net and 2) attention blocks are integrated into the backbone segmentor at several locations to enhance the interdependency among pixels for a better segmentation performance, and the optimal structure is selected as a final version.ResultsThe experimental results on the National Institutes of Health Pancreas‐CT dataset show that our proposed ADAU‐Net outperforms the baseline segmentation network by 6.39% in dice similarity coefficient and obtains a competitive performance compared with the‐state‐of‐art methods for pancreas segmentation.ConclusionThe ADAU‐Net achieves satisfactory segmentation results on the public pancreas dataset, indicating that the proposed model can segment pancreas outlines from CT images accurately.
Versatile Polymer‐Initiating Biomineralization for Tumor Blockade Therapy
Authors: Jiang Zhongyu , Liu Yang , Shi Run , Feng Xiangru , Xu Weiguo , Zhuang Xiuli , Ding Jianxun , Chen Xuesi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTumor blockade therapy is a promising penetration‐independent antitumor modality, which effectively inhibits the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and information between the tumor and surrounding microenvironments. However, the current blockade therapy strategies have limited antitumor efficacy due to defects of inadequate tumor obstruction, possible side effects, and short duration. For these reasons, a facilely synthesized versatile polymer 1,2‐distearoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphoethanolamine–N‐poly(ethylene glycol)–alendronate (DSPE‐PEG‐ALN, DPA) is developed to initiate the formation of biomineral shell around osteosarcoma as a potent physical barrier. The DSPE moiety shares a similar chemical structure with the cytomembrane, allowing the membrane insertion of DPA. The bisphosphonic acid groups in ALN attract ions to realize biomineralization around cells. After injection in the invasive osteosarcoma tissue, DPA inserts into the cytomembrane, induces continuous mineral deposition, and ultimately builds a physical barrier around the tumor. Meanwhile, ALN in DPA alleviates bone destruction by suppressing the activity of osteoclasts. Through hindering the exchange of necessary substances, the biomineralization coating inhibits the growth of primary osteosarcoma and pulmonary metastasis simultaneously. Therefore, the multifunctional polymer‐initiating blockade therapy provides a promising modality for tumor inhibition in clinics with high efficacy and negligible side effects.