bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer-specific survival and metastasis in pancreatic mucinous cystadenocarcinoma: A SEER-based cohort study
Authors: Wang Ruobing , Su Dan , Liu Yueze , Qiu Jiangdong , Cao Zhe , Yang Gang , Luo Wenhao , Tao Jinxin , Zhang Taiping 
Published: October 2022

AimsThis study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of clinical features for cancer-specific survival (CSS) and metastasis in patients with pancreatic mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (MCAC). We further constructed and validated an effective nomogram to predict CSS.MethodsWe screened patients diagnosed with pancreatic MCAC from Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to determine the CSS time. Univariate and multivariate Cox and logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the prognostic factors for CSS and metastasis. The nomogram was constructed to predict the prognosis of pancreatic MCAC based on the results from the multivariate analysis. We used the concordance index (C-index), the area under the curve (AUC), and the calibration plots to determine the predictive accuracy and discriminability of the nomogram.ResultsMultivariate Cox analysis revealed that age, primary site, grade, and radiotherapy were independent prognostic factors associated with CSS. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that surgery and grade were independent risk factors associated with metastasis. The independent risk factors were included to construct a prognosis prediction model for predicting CSS in patients with pancreatic MCAC. The concordance index (C-index), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and calibration plots of the training cohort and the validation cohort showed that the nomogram had an acceptable predictive performance.ConclusionWe established a nomogram that could determine the 3- and 5-year CSS, which could evaluate individual clinical outcomes and provide individualized clinical decisions.
Human clinical trial using diagnostic ultrasound and microbubbles to enhance neoadjuvant chemotherapy in HER2- negative breast cancer
Authors: Zhou Biqiang , Lian Qingshu , Jin Chunchun , Lu Jianghao , Xu Lifeng , Gong Xuehao , Zhou Peng 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundIn vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated that diagnostic ultrasound combined with microbubbles (USMB) can enhance tumor chemotherapy, but few clinical studies have explored the effect of USMB in human HER2-negative breast cancer. We aimed to compare USMB combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with NAC alone in the treatment of human HER2-negative breast cancer.MethodsPatients (n=10) enrolled in the study were treated with TAC (taxane – (docetaxel), anthracycline – (epirubicin or doxorubicin liposomes), and cyclophosphamide) and ultrasound using a commercial clinical ultrasound scanner for 20 min after each chemotherapy session, followed by intermittent injections of SonoVue® to induce sonoporation and enhance therapeutic efficacy. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) was used to record tumor perfusion before and after ultrasound treatment.ResultsAfter completion of chemotherapy, the maximum tumor diameter of patients in the combined treatment group (n=10) was significantly smaller than that in the control group (n=16) (p=0.017). Although the combined treatment group had higher overall response and clinical benefit rates than those in the control group, there was no statistically significant difference in RECIST between the combined treatment group and the control groups (p=0.590). More patients in the combination therapy group achieved pathologic complete response than in the control group (p=0.014). For combined treatment, CEUS revealed that the peak intensity, mean transit time, and area under the curve were higher after treatment than before treatment (p&lt;0.001, p&lt;0.001, p=0.003, respectively). Combined therapy did not cause additional toxicity or increase side effects.ConclusionUSMB and chemotherapy can be combined in a clinical setting using commercially available equipment, without additional toxicity, and may improve the efficacy of NAC in HER2-negative breast cancer.
Predicting anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangement status in patients with non-small cell lung cancer using a machine learning algorithm that combines clinical features and CT images
Authors: Hao Peng , Deng Bo-Yu , Huang Chan-Tao , Xu Jun , Zhou Fang , Liu Zhe-Xing , Zhou Wu , Xu Yi-Kai 
Published: October 2022

PurposeTo develop an appropriate machine learning model for predicting anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement status in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients using computed tomography (CT) images and clinical features.Method and materialsThis study included 193 patients with NSCLC (154 in the training cohort, 39 in the validation cohort), 68 of whom tested positive for ALK rearrangements and 125 of whom tested negative. From the nonenhanced CT scans, 157 radiomic characteristics were extracted, and 8 clinical features were collected. Five machine learning (ML) models were assessed to find the best classification model for predicting ALK rearrangement status. A radiomic signature was developed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm. The predictive performance of the models based on radiomic features, clinical features, and their combination was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.ResultsThe support vector machine (SVM) model had the highest AUC of 0.914 for classification. The clinical features model had an AUC=0.805 (95% CI 0.731–0.877) and an AUC=0.735 (95% CI 0.566–0.863) in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. The CT image-based ML model had an AUC=0.953 (95% CI 0.913–1.0) in the training cohort and an AUC=0.890 (95% CI 0.778–0.971) in the validation cohort. For predicting ALK rearrangement status, the ML model based on CT images and clinical features performed better than the model based on only clinical information or CT images, with an AUC of 0.965 (95% CI 0.826–0.882) in the primary cohort and an AUC of 0.914 (95% CI 0.804–0.893) in the validation cohort.ConclusionOur findings revealed that ALK rearrangement status could be accurately predicted using an ML-based classification model based on CT images and clinical data.
The physical and developmental outcomes of children whose mothers are substance abusers: Analysis of associated factors and the impact of early intervention
Authors: Cheng Anna Wai Fun , Chan Hin Biu , Ip Lai Sheung , Wan Katy Kit Ying , Yu Ellen Lok Man , Chiu Wa Keung , Chung Pui Hong , Yeoh Eng Kiong 
Published: October 2022

Background/objectivesMaternal illicit drug use is associated with negative physical and developmental outcomes for their born children. We aim to find out the incidence of different developmental problems in a cohort of Chinese children born to drug-abusing mothers, compare the physical health and developmental outcomes of the subjects recruited in the Integrated Program to the Comprehensive Child Development Service (CCDS), and to study the potential factors on their associations.MethodsA retrospective longitudinal cohort study with frequent clinical assessments of the children’s physical and developmental outcomes in a HKSAR’s regional hospital from birth until 5 years old. 123 Children in Integrated Program were compared with 214 children in CCDS between 1 January 2008 and 28 February 2019. Cox regression analysis was performed to determine the possible factors associated with the developmental outcomes.ResultsDevelopmental delay was detected in 129 children (38.9%). CCDS group has significantly higher incidence of cognitive delay (p = &lt; 0.001), language delay (p = &lt; 0.001), motor delay (p = &lt; 0.001), social delay (p = 0.002), and global delay (p = 0.002). On Cox multivariable regression analysis, integrated program (HRadj 0.53, 95% C. I. 0.34–0.84), social support (HRadj 0.45, 95% C.I. 0.25–0.80), and maternal abstinence from drug use up to 2-year post-delivery (HRadj 0.62, 95% C.I. 0.40–0.95) were significant protective factors, while male gender (HRadj 1.73, 95% C.I. 1.18–2.54) was a significant risk factor.ConclusionCCDS achieves early engagement of drug-abusing expectant mothers during pregnancy, and an early integrated program with multidisciplinary collaboration was an independent factor in improving the developmental outcomes of these vulnerable children.
Preparation, structural characterization, antioxidant activity and protection against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by polysaccharides from the lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii
Authors: Tian Maoying , Wang Lin , Dong Zhaowei , Wang Xi , Qin Xiaoyan , Wang Chao , Wang Jin , Huang Qinwan 
Published: October 2022

Response surface methodology (RSM) and Box- Behnken design (BBD) based on one-way experiments were used to optimize the extraction parameters of the lateral root polysaccharides of Aconitum carmichaelii. The extracted polysaccharides were named as refined fucose polysaccharide. The optimal conditions included a water to raw material ratio of 43, an extraction time of 2 h, and an extraction temperature of 90°C. The shape of RFP was shown by infrared spectroscopy (IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The monosaccharide composition and molecular weight of RFP was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Furthermore, RFP exhibited moderate antioxidant activity by analyzing the scavenging rates of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical, superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl radical, and ABTS + radical. RFP exerted cytoprotective effects against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced injury in the rat renal tubular epithelial cell line rat renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E) and inhibited apoptosis. In addition, researches found that RFP could alleviate cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in mice by enhancing the levels of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX-4), decreasing the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), reducing lipid peroxidation, and thus inhibiting ferroptosis. In conclusion, this study provides a good strategy for obtaining bioactive polysaccharides from Fuzi.
Plant polysaccharides with anti-lung injury effects as a potential therapeutic strategy for COVID-19
Authors: Huang Peng , Zhang Jiahui , Duan Wenqian , Jiao Juying , Leng Aijing , Qu Jialin 
Published: October 2022

When coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) develops into the severe phase, lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and/or respiratory failure could develop within a few days. As a result of pulmonary tissue injury, pathomorphological changes usually present endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory cell infiltration of the lung interstitium, defective gas exchange, and wall leakage. Consequently, COVID-19 may progress to tremendous lung injury, ongoing lung failure, and death. Exploring the treatment drugs has important implications. Recently, the application of traditional Chinese medicine had better performance in reducing fatalities, relieving symptoms, and curtailing hospitalization. Through constant research and study, plant polysaccharides may emerge as a crucial resource against lung injury with high potency and low side effects. However, the absence of a comprehensive understanding of lung-protective mechanisms impedes further investigation of polysaccharides. In the present article, a comprehensive review of research into plant polysaccharides in the past 5 years was performed. In total, 30 types of polysaccharides from 19 kinds of plants have shown lung-protective effects through the pathological processes of inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and immunomodulation by mediating mucin and aquaporins, macrophage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, neutrophil, TGF-β1 pathways, Nrf2 pathway, and other mechanisms. Moreover, the deficiencies of the current studies and the future research direction are also tentatively discussed. This research provides a comprehensive perspective for better understanding the mechanism and development of polysaccharides against lung injury for the treatment of COVID-19.
Effects of combined aerobic and resistance training on gut microbiota and cardiovascular risk factors in physically active elderly women: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhong Fei , Xu Yongjin , Lai Hsin-Yi , Yang Min , Cheng Lei , Liu Xinger , Sun Xiaomin , Yang Yi , Wang Jian , Lv Wen , Huang Cong 
Published: October 2022

Background: Exercise can modulate gut microbiota and lower the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the association between exercise-induced changes in gut microbiota and CVD risk have not been investigated.Objective: This study determined the effects of exercise training on CVD risk and gut microbiota in physically active elderly women and whether exercise-induced gut microbiota changes were associated with CVD risk.Methods: An 8-week randomized controlled trial was conducted with 14 elderly women assigned to exercise group (n = 8) or control group (n = 6). Physical function, sarcopenic obesity, and metabolic syndrome were evaluated as components of CVD risk. Gut microbiota composition was determined using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to examine intra-group and inter-group differences.Results: A significant group × time interaction was observed for chair sit-and-reach (F = 8.262, p = 0.014), single-leg standing with eyes closed (F = 7.340, p = 0.019), waist circumference (F = 6.254, p = 0.028), and body fat mass (F = 12.263, p = 0.004), for which the exercise group showed improved trends. The exercise group exhibited significant improvements in skeletal muscle mass (p = 0.041) and fasting blood glucose (p = 0.017). Regarding gut microbiota, a significant interaction was observed for the class Betaproteobacteria (F = 6.822, p = 0.023) and genus Holdemania (F = 4.852, p = 0.048).Conclusion: The 8-week exercise training improved physical function, lowered CVD risk, and modulated relative abundance of gut microbiota associated with CVD in physically active elderly women.
Family life and autistic children with sensory processing differences: A qualitative evidence synthesis of occupational participation
Authors: Daly Gina , Jackson Jeanne , Lynch Helen 
Published: October 2022

Autistic children with sensory processing differences successfully navigate and engage in meaningful family daily occupations within home and community environments through the support of their family. To date however, much of the research on autistic children with sensory processing differences, has primarily been deficit focused, while much of the caregiver research has focused on issues of distress, burden, effort, and emotional trauma in coping with their child's diagnosis. This study aimed to conduct a qualitative evidence synthesis, using a meta-ethnographic approach to explore the gap identified in understanding successful occupational experiences of family participation and daily family routines when supporting an autistic child with sensory processing differences and to offer an alternative strengths-based perspective. Inclusion criteria were studies which were peer-reviewed qualitative design, published from 2000 to 2021, and that concerned parents/caregivers' perspectives of family occupations of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Studies were electronically searched in eight databases from October to December 2021 and 23 studies were identified which met the inclusion criteria. Noblit and Hare's seven step approach for conducting analysis in meta-ethnography was used, and three themes identified: (1) sensory processing differences in daily life, (2) what is hard about hard, and (3) orchestrating family life. Results identified the centrality of sensory experiences in understanding family life. Living with unpredictability while orchestrating certainty through routines was core to successful participation. This review provides insights into how parents negotiate the complexities of constructing family life when living with an autistic child. The results can inform the design of future interventions that specifically address the relationship between meaningful participation in family occupations and daily routines and sensory processing in autistic children.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022298938, identifier: CRD42022298938.
When are you taking us outside? An exploratory study of the integration of the outdoor learning in preschool and primary education in Quebec
Authors: Beauchamp Audrey-Anne , Lacoste Yannick , Kingsbury Célia , Gadais Tegwen 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionRecent research investigating the benefits of being outdoors and contact with nature in children showed strong associations with children’s health and development. More teachers are choosing to integrate outdoor learning (OL) into their practice in Quebec, but few studies have focused on OL in the school environment, particularly in Canada and more specifically in Quebec, despite the fact that the school context lends itself favorably to this practice.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to portray OL in preschool and primary schools in Québec by identifying three key elements: (1) teachers’ perception of the outdoors, (2) the uses of OL in schools, and (3) teaching strategies and factors that influence teachers’ integration of OL.MethodologySemi-structured group interviews (n = 4) conducted with 14 teachers and participant observations (n = 4) were used for data collection. Inclusion criteria were to be a preschool or primary school teacher, to have taught at least eight sessions of OL in the past year, and to have no connection or contact with the research team prior to the start of the study.ResultsFirst, the results showed that teachers commonly understood the outdoors as being in the open air, practicing a physical activity, having the presence of nature, providing physical freedom and targeting a pedagogical intention. Second, teachers appeared to incorporate a variety of pedagogical intentions in OL (e.g., environmental awareness, interdisciplinary learning), in a variety of settings (e.g., city parks, woodlands), and with a variety of academic subjects (e.g., French, mathematics) and learning tasks (e.g., walking, nature shelter building). Third, teachers used a wide range of teaching strategies in OL (e.g., flexible planning, well-established routines). Participants also identified multiple factors specific to their setting that appeared to facilitate (e.g., parental support) or limit (e.g., storage of materials) their integration of OL into the school environment.ConclusionThis study provided a better understanding of the current use of the OL in the Quebec school environment by identifying the common characteristics, limitations and winning strategies of its use in schools. Teachers and schools interested in OL could benefit from the results of this study, particularly those interested in adopting a Forest School or Udeskole approach.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice related to COVID-19: A comparison between patients with mental illness and the general population in Qatar
Authors: Ghuloum Suhaila , Makki Ibrahim , Eltorki Yassin Hassan , Abdallah Oraib , Alanzy Fahad Farhan , Khoodoruth Mohamed Adil S. , Ali Mohamed F. , Al-Amin Hassen 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundIn 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a global health pandemic. The rapid spread and high fatalities associated with COVID-19 have increased interest in assessing Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) toward this illness among the general population in comparison to specific subgroups. Most publications to date have explored KAP among the general public, healthcare providers, and people with chronic conditions, but not amongst those with mental illness. Yet, research has shown patients with mental illness are at higher risk of poor outcomes related to infectious diseases such as COVID-19. The objective of this study is to compare KAP toward COVID-19 between people with mental illness and the general public.Materials and methodsThis is a cross-sectional study, done over 3°months in 2020, to compare KAP during the COVID-19 pandemic in three groups: outpatients from outpatient Psychiatry clinics (N = 165), inpatients admitted to a Psychiatry ward (N = 100), and the general public (N = 345). KAP parameters were assessed through online surveys.ResultsThe proportion of subjects in the public group (84.8%) giving the correct responses to most Knowledge questions was significantly higher than those in the inpatient and outpatient groups. Compared to the public and inpatient groups, subjects in the outpatient group (92.7%) were significantly more optimistic and confident that COVID-19 would be brought under control. A higher proportion of subjects from the general public (82.9%) indicated that they attended crowded places and were more compliant in wearing masks. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that poorer COVID-19 knowledge was associated with being single and having a young age (18–29), with both inpatients and outpatients and with primary-or secondary-level education.ConclusionPatient populations, both inpatients and outpatients, had inadequate Knowledge, more positive attitudes and confidence regarding the outcome of COVID-19, and less safe practices than the public. This highlights the need for targeted approaches around COVID-19 and pandemics in general in this vulnerable population.