bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oscillation of two physical pendulums held by a rod
Authors: Cid Alicia , Díaz Pedro J. , Zurita Marco A. , Mina Alberto , Granados S Jaime A. , Velázquez Joshua A. , Velázquez A Juan M. , Del valle Luisa G. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
By calculating the kinetic and potential energies, applying Lagrangian mechanics, with the Euler-Lagrange equations, we obtained the equations that were used to analyze the pendulum motion of a mechanical system consisting of an arrangement of three rigid rods, two of them with equal mass m and length l, which behave like physical pendulums, which are joined by means of a third, a rigid rod of mass M and length L. In the latter, there is a square block of mass M

a
and length L

a
that can be moved freely on the horizontal rod. The block contains a granular medium that is dislodged over time, thus forcing the vertical rods to generate a peculiar vibrational motion. Finally, the system of equations of motion, by numerical methods was solved.
Dynamic study of the pendulum-n and the beginning of chaos.
Authors: Cid Alicia , Díaz Pedro J , Granados Jaime A , Velázquez A Juan M , Zurita Marco A , Mina Alberto , Velázquez Joshua A , del valle Luisa G 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this work was to analyze theoretically and numerically the system of the n pendulum, with n = 2, 3, 4, 5 pendulums. The first corresponds to the classical analysis of the double pendulum, the second case corresponds to the triple pendulum, the third case refers to the quadruple pendulum, finally, the fourth case corresponds to the fivefold pendulum, considering for all cases the same values of mass and length. We obtained the coupled equations of motion for each case using Lagrange´s formulation. Simulations were carried out and equations of motion were solved using Runge Kutta Butcher’s explicit higher-order numerical method. The results of the numerical solution are presented, which show that the movement tends to be chaotic when placing more pendulums to the system. It can also be observed that this is the beginning to study the sections of Poincaré.
Cardiac Acoustic Signal of an unborn baby. A case study.
Authors: Granados Samaniego J , Tavera Romero F , Hernández López RT , Velázquez Arcos J M , Cid Reborido A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In medical and laboratory procedures used to obtain useful information to diagnose a disease it is very important not to cause harm to the patient. In the detection of heart disease in fetuses in the mother’s womb, a safe and non-invasive procedure is fetal phonocardiography. In this procedure, an electronic stethoscope captures the sound emitted by the baby’s heart, transforms it into an image and is displayed on a computer screen and a subsequent analysis of that image is performed. This paper shows the procedure to obtain the phonocardiogram of an unborn baby and an algorithm for extracting from it the sounds from the mother’s heart and other physiological noises. The purpose is to recognize if in the acoustic image there are anomalies that allow us to identify congenital or other type lesions in the heart of the fetus.
Propagation of Type II spicules into the solar corona III. MHD simulation
Authors: Díaz-Figueroa E. E. , González-Avilés J. J. , de Parga G. Ares 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We study the possible influence of a magnetic narrow region on the propagation of jets with some characteristics of Type II spicules into the solar corona using MHD approximation numerical simulations. We found that an increase of temperature occurs mainly at the top of the jet, which supports the idea of sectioning the spicule in the TM approximation of the previous works. Also, we show that the magnetic bottle does not directly affect the propagation of the jet; since the physical conditions of the ideal MHD equations imply that the magnetic field lines are frozen-in with the plasma.
Remote education system for physics labs based on Arduino and javaScript
Authors: Tavera Romero F , Granados Samaniego J , Seguil S , Velázquez Arcos J M , Cid Reborido A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In 2020, a pandemic began, which stopped many of the academic activities around the world; in our university the emerging distance education program PEER by its acronym in Spanish, was implemented which allowed continuity to academic activities of the students. Some theoretical courses could be carried out through video meetings without any problem. But for the labs classes that always have required practices, there was no adequate solution, even if these laboratories are essential for engineering careers. Therefore, we took on the task of design and build an educational system using Arduino development platform and light emission and detection components, in which the most common practices carried out in the university facilities could be implemented but now from anywhere without the need for a large investment of money in specialized measurement equipment.
Plastic response of leaf traits to N deficiency in field-grown maize
Authors: Fan Panpan , Ming Bo , Anten Niels P R , Evers Jochem B , Li Yaoyao , Li Shaokun , Xie Ruizhi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Nitrogen (N) utilization for crop production under N deficiency conditions is subject to a trade-off between maintaining specific leaf N content (SLN) important for radiation-use efficiency versus maintaining leaf area (LA) development, important for light capture. This paper aims to explore how maize deals with this trade-off through responses in SLN, LA and their underlying traits during the vegetative and reproductive growth stages. In a 10-year N fertilization trial in Jilin province, Northeast China, three N fertilizer levels have been maintained: N deficiency (N0), low N supply (N1) and high N supply (N2). We analysed data from years 8 and 10 of this experiment for two common hybrids. Under N deficiency, maize plants maintained LA and decreased SLN during vegetative stages, while both LA and SLN decreased comparably during reproductive stages. Canopy SLA (specific leaf area, cm2 g–1) decreased sharply during vegetative stages and slightly during reproductive stages, mainly because senesced leaves in the lower canopy had a higher SLA. In the vegetative stage, maize maintained LA at low N by maintaining leaf biomass (albeit hence having N content/mass) and slightly increasing SLA. These responses to N deficiency were stronger in maize hybrid XY335 than in ZD958. We conclude that the main strategy of maize to cope with low N is to maintain LA, mainly by increasing SLA throughout the plant but only during the vegetative growth phase.
An online framework for survival analysis: reframing Cox proportional hazards model for large data sets and neural networks
Authors: Tarkhan Aliasghar , Simon Noah 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In many biomedical applications, outcome is measured as a “time-to-event” (e.g., disease progression or death). To assess the connection between features of a patient and this outcome, it is common to assume a proportional hazards model and fit a proportional hazards regression (or Cox regression). To fit this model, a log-concave objective function known as the “partial likelihood” is maximized. For moderate-sized data sets, an efficient Newton–Raphson algorithm that leverages the structure of the objective function can be employed. However, in large data sets this approach has two issues: (i) The computational tricks that leverage structure can also lead to computational instability; (ii) The objective function does not naturally decouple: Thus, if the data set does not fit in memory, the model can be computationally expensive to fit. This additionally means that the objective is not directly amenable to stochastic gradient-based optimization methods. To overcome these issues, we propose a simple, new framing of proportional hazards regression: This results in an objective function that is amenable to stochastic gradient descent. We show that this simple modification allows us to efficiently fit survival models with very large data sets. This also facilitates training complex, for example, neural-network-based, models with survival data.
Multimodal neuroimaging in post-COVID syndrome and correlation with cognition
Authors: Díez-Cirarda María , Yus Miguel , Gómez-Ruiz Natividad , Polidura Carmen , Gil-Martínez Lidia , Delgado-Alonso Cristina , Jorquera Manuela , Gómez-Pinedo Ulises , Matias-Guiu Jorge , Arrazola Juan , Matias-Guiu Jordi A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Brain changes have been reported in the first weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, limited literature exists about brain alterations in post-COVID syndrome, a condition increasingly associated with cognitive impairment. The present study aimed to evaluate brain functional and structural alterations in patients with post-COVID syndrome, and assess whether these brain alterations were related to cognitive dysfunction. Eighty-six patients with post-COVID syndrome and 36 healthy controls were recruited and underwent neuroimaging acquisition and a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Cognitive and neuroimaging examinations were performed 11 months after the first symptoms of SARS-CoV-2. Whole-brain functional connectivity analysis was performed. Voxel-based morphometry was performed to evaluate grey matter volume, and diffusion tensor imaging was carried out to analyse white-matter alterations. Correlations between cognition and brain changes were conducted and Bonferroni corrected. Post-COVID syndrome patients presented with functional connectivity changes, characterized by hypoconnectivity between left and right parahippocampal areas, and between bilateral orbitofrontal and cerebellar areas compared to controls. These alterations were accompanied by reduced grey matter volume in cortical, limbic and cerebellar areas, and alterations in white matter axial and mean diffusivity. Grey matter volume loss showed significant associations with cognitive dysfunction. These cognitive and brain alterations were more pronounced in hospitalized patients compared to non-hospitalized patients. No associations with vaccination status were found. The present study shows persistent structural and functional brain abnormalities 11 months after the acute infection. These changes are associated with cognitive dysfunction and contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of the post-COVID syndrome.
2009 CKD-EPI glomerular filtration rate estimation in Black individuals outside the United States: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zingano Carolina Pires , Escott Gustavo Monteiro , Rocha Bruna Martins , Porgere Indianara Franciele , Moro Candice Cristine , Delanaye Pierre , Silveiro Sandra Pinho 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
The 2009 Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation is the most used equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR), with race being a factor thereof, increasing GFR by 16% in self-identified Black persons compared with non-Black persons. However, recent publications indicate that it might overestimate GFR for Black adults outside the USA. In this meta-analysis, we assessed the accuracy, evaluated by the percentage of estimated GFR within 30% of measured GFR (P30), of the 2009 CKD-EPI equation in estimating GFR with and without the race coefficient in Black individuals outside the United States of America (USA).

Methods
We searched MEDLINE and Embase from inception to 9 July 2022, with no language restriction, supplemented by manual reference searches. Studies that assessed the CKD-EPI P30 accuracy with or without the race coefficient in Black adults outside the USA with an adequate method of GFR measurement were included. Data were extracted by independent pairs of reviewers and were pooled using a random-effects model.

Results
We included 11 studies, with a total of 1834 Black adults from South America, Africa and Europe. The race coefficient in the 2009 CKD-EPI equation significantly decreased P30 accuracy {61.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) 53–70%] versus 72.9% [95% CI 66.7–78.3%]; P = .03}.

Conclusions
Outside the USA, the 2009 CKD-EPI equation should not be used with the race coefficient, even though the 2009 CKD-EPI equation is not sufficiently accurate either way (&lt;75%). Thus we endorse the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes guidelines to use exogenous filtration markers when this may impact clinical conduct.
Natural Parasitism Influences Biological Control Strategies Against Both Global Invasive Pests Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae), and the Neotropical-Native Pest Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Biancheri María Josefina Buonocore , Suárez Lorena , Kirschbaum Daniel S , Garcia Flávio Roberto Mello , Funes Claudia F , Ovruski Sergio M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) and Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) are two severe invasive pests widespread in all Argentinean fruit-producing regions. Both coexist with the Neotropical pest Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) in northern Argentina. The northwestern region shelters major soft fruit and Citrus producing and exporting industries, which are heavily affected by these dipterans. Eco-friendly strategies are under assessment in Argentina. This study mainly assessed D. suzukii, C. capitata, and A. fraterculus temporal abundance variations and their natural parasitism levels on a 1.5-ha-patch of feral peach trees within a disturbed secondary subtropical rainforest of northwestern Argentina. Fly puparia were mainly collected from the soil under fallen peach. Sampling was performed over three peach fruiting seasons. The most abundant pest species was C. capitata. Drosophila suzukii was only found in the last collecting period, but outnumbered A. fraterculus. Natural parasitism distinctly affected the temporal abundance of these dipterans: it significantly depressed C. capitata abundance in last sampling weeks, it did not substantially affect D. suzukii abundance, but it increased synchronously with the increase in the A. fraterculus abundance. Parasitism on C. capitata was mostly exerted by a combination of both a cosmopolitan pupal and a native larval parasitoid, while A. fraterculus was mainly parasitized by two indigenous larval parasitoids. Only three resident pupal parasitoids were associated with D. suzukii, of which the cosmopolitan Pachycrepoideus vindemiae Rondani (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) was the most significant. Data on the resident parasitoid impact are relevant for designing biocontrol strategies in noncrop habitats.
The macroeconomic effects of structural reforms: an empirical and model-based approach
Authors: Ciapanna Emanuela , Mocetti Sauro , Notarpietro Alessandro 
Published: October 2022

SUMMARY
This paper quantifies the macroeconomic effects of three major structural reforms (i.e. service sector liberalizations, incentives to innovation and civil justice reforms) undertaken in Italy in the last decade. We employ a novel approach that estimates the impact of each reform on total factor productivity (TFP) and markups in an empirical micro setting and uses these estimates in a dynamic general equilibrium model to simulate the macroeconomic effects of the reforms. Microeconometric estimates indicate that the reforms imply a sizeable increase in TFP and a reduction in service markup. Structural model–based analysis shows that, accounting for estimation uncertainty, the increase in the level of GDP at the end of the current decade would be between 3.5% and 8%, with non-negligible effects on the labour market.
From event to enactment: celebrating the massacre of Saint-Bartholomew at Rome
Authors: Martysheva Lana 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This article analyzes the communication and celebration of the news of the massacre of Saint Bartholomew at Rome. It explains why there was such rejoicing on that occasion, and it reveals the mechanisms for the transformation of ‘news’ into a ‘news event’. Taking this case-study as its starting-point, it seeks to examine the role of the Urbs as a centre for the reception of news and its prioritization, through which the status of an event in the contemporary Catholic world was determined. The pontifical city emerges as an international political stage, on which different actors sought to impose their particular interpretation of far-off events. That is illustrated by the actions of Charles de Guise, cardinal of Lorraine, who profited from the great visibility offered by Rome in order to disseminate the notion that the massacre had been premeditated.
Surgery for Crohn’s disease: upfront or last resort?
Authors: Ahmed Ali U , Kiran Ravi P 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD) can involve the entire gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the anus and can lead to a constellation of symptoms. With the advancement of effective medical treatments for CD, a tendency has emerged to consider surgical treatment as a last resort. This potentially has the disadvantage of delaying surgery and if it fails might leave patients sicker, less well nourished, and with more severe complications. As with most non-malignant diseases, the choice of surgery vs medical treatment is a patient’s personal preference under the guidance of the treating physician, except in extreme situations where surgery might be the only option. In this article, we will discuss the available evidence regarding the optimal timing of surgery in CD, focusing on whether early surgery can bring benefits in terms of disease control, symptom relief, and quality of life.
Food Insecurity Among Older Adults Living in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review
Authors: Neves Freiria Carolina , Arikawa Andrea , Van Horn Leslie T , Pires Corona Ligiana , Wright Lauri Y 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Food insecurity is considered an increasing public health problem worldwide with adverse effects, especially among older adults. Although the literature related to food insecurity among older adults in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) are expanding, little is known about existing patterns and knowledge gaps in these settings. This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current research related to food insecurity among older adults in LMIC.

Research Design and Methods
A systematic search was conducted in November 2021 and revised in July 2022 on six databases using terms related to food insecurity and older adults. Data were extracted, and the emerging themes from the main findings were summarized using a social-ecological model (SEM).

Results
Forty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. Almost half (48.8%) were published in the last 2 years and utilized a quantitative approach (n = 38). Only one study was conducted in a low-income country. Using the SEM, most studies included in this review focused on addressing the relationship between food insecurity with intrapersonal factors.

Discussion and Implications
Several gaps in the current literature were identified. There is a lack of longitudinal and qualitative studies available on this topic. Also, only 15 LMIC were represented in the literature. A critical point in this review is that only a few studies addressed the relationship between food insecurity and the policy/social structure, institutional, community, and interpersonal levels. These identified gaps can serve as a guide for future research on this topic.
Quantitative analysis of diffusion regimes in iron ore with low field NMR
Authors: O'Neill Keelan T , Langford Dean , Fridjonsson Einar O , Johns Michael L 
Published: October 2022

SUMMARY
The use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques allows in situ characterization of geophysical properties such as moisture content, permeability and wettability. However, the accuracy and applicability of such measurements is limited by internal magnetic field gradients which are a consequence of magnetic susceptibility differences at solid–fluid interfaces. Such effects are particularly prominent in iron ore rock samples which contain ferrimagnetic and ferromagnetic mineralogy leading to high magnetic susceptibility. Multiple echo time Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill (CPMG) NMR pulse sequences are commonly used to capture the influence of internal gradients, with the intention of deconvoluting diffusion in effective internal gradients (geff) from true transver relaxation (T2). The interpretation of such measurements is complicated by the presence of multiple diffusive regimes: the short-time (ST), motionally averaged and localization regimes respectively. We introduce a new model for diffusive NMR signal attenuation, called the multiregime model which is intended to better capture diffusive behaviour across the three regimes. The multiregime model is compared against previous methods for quantifying diffusive decay (the ST only and generalized inversion models). Multi-echo measurements of iron ore samples are fit with each model in order to quantify 2-D T2–geff distributions. The resulting distributions demonstrate how the multiregime model can provide insight into the relative influence of the different diffusive regimes in a given sample. This assists in understanding the influence of diffusive decay on measurement accuracy, for example the increased measurement error with increasing prevalence of the localization regime. The multiregime model provides a key step in accurately segregating surface relaxation and diffusive relaxation, which is crucial for accurately estimating pore size distributions, permeability and wettability in high magnetic susceptibility samples using NMR.
Along-strike island-arc crustal growth rate estimation: case study of the Izu–Bonin–Mariana subduction system
Authors: Bai Yongliang , Mu Xuan , Zhang Wenzhao , Li Sanzhong , Zhang Diya , Wu Shiguo 
Published: October 2022

SUMMARYThe island-arc crustal growth rate (IACGR) is the island-arc magma production volume per 1 km width along the arc strike within one million years, and its variations are highly related to slab dehydration and mantle wedge melting. A novel method that includes Earth density modelling, gravity forward and inversion, and arc crustal growth thickness integration is designed to estimate the IACGR. This method can not only estimate the IACGR along the entire arc length but also assess the crustal growth of both remnant and active arcs. Therefore, the estimation result has high coverage and low uncertainty. Here, the Izu–Bonin–Mariana (IBM) subduction zone is taken as a case study region. The estimated time-averaged IACGR along the IBM arc changes between 16 and 59 km3 km−1 Myr−1, with a mean value of 40 km3 km−1 Myr−1, and this result matches the findings of previous studies well. The uncertainties due to crustal thickness inversion are relatively larger than those from flow line reconstruction. The rate results of the Mariana part have lower uncertainties than those of the Izu–Bonin parts since the arc boundaries can be delineated more accurately. The IACGR of the region where a plateau approaches the trench tends to be overestimated because the collision of the plateau with the island arc thickens the island arc crust and bias the uniform pre-existing crustal thickness assumption.