bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the rhizospheric and endophytic bacterial microbiome of pioneering pines in an aggregate mining ecosystem post-disturbance
Authors: Padda Kiran Preet , Puri Akshit , Nguyen Nguyen Khoi , Philpott Timothy J. , Chanway Chris P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Aims
Despite little soil development and organic matter accumulation, lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) consistently shows vigorous growth on bare gravel substrate of aggregate mining pits in parts of Canadian sub-boreal forests. This study aimed to investigate the bacterial microbiome of lodgepole pine trees growing at an unreclaimed gravel pit in central British Columbia and suggest their potential role in tree growth and survival following mining activity.

Methods
We characterized the diversity, taxonomic composition, and relative abundance of bacterial communities in rhizosphere and endosphere niches of pine trees regenerating at the gravel pit along with comparing them with a nearby undisturbed forested site using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Additionally, the soil and plant nutrient contents at both sites were also analyzed.

Results
Although soil N-content at the gravel pit was drastically lower than the forest site, pine tissue N-levels at both sites were identical. Beta-diversity was affected by site and niche-type, signifying that the diversity of bacterial communities harboured by pine trees was different between both sites and among various plant-niches. Bacterial alpha-diversity was comparable at both sites but differed significantly between belowground and aboveground plant-niches. In terms of composition, pine trees predominantly associated with taxa that appear plant-beneficial including phylotypes of Rhizobiaceae, Acetobacteraceae, and Beijerinckiaceae at the gravel pit and Xanthobacteraceae, Acetobacteraceae, Beijerinckiaceae and Acidobacteriaceae at the forest site.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that, following mining activity, regenerating pine trees recruit bacterial communities that could be plant-beneficial and support pine growth in an otherwise severely N-limited disturbed environment.
Rice husk and charred husk amendments increase porewater and plant Si but water management determines grain As and Cd concentration
Authors: Linam Franklin , Limmer Matt A. , Tappero Ryan , Seyfferth Angelia L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Rice is a staple crop worldwide and a silicon (Si) hyperaccumulator with Si levels reaching 5–10% of its mass; this can result in desilication and Si-deficiency if plant residues are not managed correctly. Rice is also uniquely subject to arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) contamination depending on soil conditions. Our goal is to quantify the effects of rice husk (a Si-rich milling byproduct) amendments and different water management strategies on rice uptake of Si, As, and Cd.

Methods
We employed 4 husk amendment treatments: Control (no husk), Husk (untreated husk), Biochar (husk pyrolyzed at 450 °C), and CharSil (husk combusted at > 1000 °C). Each of these amendments was studied under nonflooded, alternate wetting and drying (AWD), and flooded water management in a pot study. Porewater chemistry and mature plant elemental composition were measured.

Results
Husk and Biochar treatments, along with flooding, increased porewater and plant Si. Vegetative tissue As decreased with increasing porewater Si, but grain As and plant Cd were primarily controlled by water management. Grain As and Cd were inversely correlated and are simultaneously minimized in a redox potential (Eh) range of 225–275 mV in the studied soil. Ferrihydrite in root iron plaque decreased As translocation from porewater to grain, but amendments were not able to increase plaque ferrihydrite content.

Conclusion
We conclude moderate husk amendment rates (i.e., 4 years’ worth) with minimal pretreatment strongly increases rice Si content but may not be sufficient to decrease grain As in low Si and As soil.
The structure of production technologies with ratio inputs and outputs
Authors: Olesen Ole Bent , Petersen Niels Christian , Podinovski Victor V. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractApplications of efficiency and productivity analysis in which some inputs and outputs are given in the form of percentages, averages and other types of ratio measures are sufficiently common in the literature. In two recent papers, the authors developed the variable and constant returns-to-scale technologies with both volume and ratio types of inputs and outputs, referred to as the R-VRS and R-CRS technologies. These technologies are generally nonconvex and have a complex structure. In this paper we explore this in detail. We show that the R-VRS technology can be stated as the union of a finite number of specially constructed standard VRS technologies. Similarly, the R-CRS technology in which all ratio inputs and outputs are of the fixed type, which are typically used to represent environmental and quality factors, can be stated as the union of a finite number of partial polyhedral cones. We show that these results have important theoretical, including conceptual, implications.
Active inference models do not contradict folk psychology
Authors: Smith Ryan , Ramstead Maxwell J. D. , Kiefer Alex 
Published: March 2022

AbstractActive inference offers a unified theory of perception, learning, and decision-making at computational and neural levels of description. In this article, we address the worry that active inference may be in tension with the belief–desire–intention (BDI) model within folk psychology because it does not include terms for desires (or other conative constructs) at the mathematical level of description. To resolve this concern, we first provide a brief review of the historical progression from predictive coding to active inference, enabling us to distinguish between active inference formulations of motor control (which need not have desires under folk psychology) and active inference formulations of decision processes (which do have desires within folk psychology). We then show that, despite a superficial tension when viewed at the mathematical level of description, the active inference formalism contains terms that are readily identifiable as encoding both the objects of desire and the strength of desire at the psychological level of description. We demonstrate this with simple simulations of an active inference agent motivated to leave a dark room for different reasons. Despite their consistency, we further show how active inference may increase the granularity of folk-psychological descriptions by highlighting distinctions between drives to seek information versus reward—and how it may also offer more precise, quantitative folk-psychological predictions. Finally, we consider how the implicitly conative components of active inference may have partial analogues (i.e., “as if” desires) in other systems describable by the broader free energy principle to which it conforms.
Motor representation in acting together
Authors: Sinigaglia Corrado , Butterfill Stephen A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPeople walk, build, paint and otherwise act together with a purpose in myriad ways. What is the relation between the actions people perform in acting together with a purpose and the outcome, or outcomes, to which their actions are directed? We argue that fully characterising this relation will require appeal not only to intention, knowledge and other familiar philosophical paraphernalia but also to another kind of representation involved in preparing and executing actions, namely motor representation. If we are right, motor representation plays a central role in the story of acting together.
Adults with tetralogy of Fallot show specific features of cerebral small vessel disease: the BACH San Donato study
Authors: Melazzini Luca , Savoldi Filippo , Chessa Massimo , Vitali Paolo , Zanardo Moreno , Bertoldo Enrico Giuseppe , Fiolo Valentina , Griffanti Ludovica , Carminati Mario , Frigiola Alessandro , Giamberti Alessandro , Secchi Francesco , Callus Edward , Codari Marina , Sardanelli Francesco 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLife expectancy in adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) has increased. As these patients grow older, they experience aging-related diseases more than their healthy peers. To better characterize this field, we launched the multi-disciplinary BACH (Brain Aging in Congenital Heart disease) San Donato study, that aimed at investigating signs of brain injury in ACHD. Twenty-three adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot and 23 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were prospectively recruited and underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging. White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) were segmented using a machine-learning approach and automatically split into periventricular and deep. Cerebral microbleeds were manually counted. A subset of 14 patients were also assessed with an extensive neuropsychological battery. Age was 41.78 ± 10.33 years (mean ± standard deviation) for patients and 41.48 ± 10.28 years for controls (p = 0.921). Albeit not significantly, total brain (p = 0.282) and brain tissue volumes (p = 0.539 for cerebrospinal fluid, p = 0.661 for grey matter, p = 0.793 for white matter) were lower in ACHD, while total volume (p = 0.283) and sub-classes of WMHs (p = 0.386 for periventricular WMHs and p = 0.138 for deep WMHs) were higher in ACHD than in controls. Deep WMHs were associated with poorer performance at the frontal assessment battery (r = -0.650, p = 0.012). Also, patients had a much larger number of microbleeds than controls (median and interquartile range 5 [3–11] and 0 [0–0] respectively; p < 0.001). In this study, adults with tetralogy of Fallot showed specific signs of brain injury, with some clinical implications. Eventually, accurate characterization of brain health using neuroimaging and neuropsychological data would aid in the identification of ACHD patients at risk of cognitive deterioration.
The benefit of vaccination against COVID-19 outweighs the potential risk of myocarditis and pericarditis
Authors: Klamer T. A. , Linschoten M. , Asselbergs F. W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVaccines against coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) have shown to be greatly effective in preventing viral spread, serious illness and death from this infectious disease and are therefore critical for the management of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the listing of myocarditis and pericarditis as possible rare side effects of the messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines against COVID-19 by regulatory agencies has sparked discussion on the vaccines’ safety. The most important published cohort studies to date demonstrat that myocarditis is a very rare side effect after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination, with an incidence of approximately 1–4 cases per 100,000 vaccinated persons. Young males (16–29 years) appear to be at highest risk, predominantly after receiving the second dose. The disease course is self-limiting in a vast majority of cases: 95% of patients show a rapid resolution of symptoms and normalisation of cardiac biomarkers, electro- and echocardiographic findings within days. Importantly, the available data suggest that the incidence rate of myocarditis in the context of COVID-19 is much greater than the risk of this side effect following vaccination. We conclude that the benefit of vaccination against COVID-19 outweighs the potential risk of myocarditis and pericarditis in both adolescents and adults. Prospective follow-up of patients who have developed these complications after vaccination is required to assess long-term outcomes.
Recommendations for Determining the Validity of Consumer Wearables and Smartphones for the Estimation of Energy Expenditure: Expert Statement and Checklist of the INTERLIVE Network
Authors: Argent Rob , Hetherington-Rauth Megan , Stang Julie , Tarp Jakob , Ortega Francisco B. , Molina-Garcia Pablo , Schumann Moritz , Bloch Wilhelm , Cheng Sulin , Grøntved Anders , Brønd Jan Christian , Ekelund Ulf , Sardinha Luis B. , Caulfield Brian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundConsumer wearables and smartphone devices commonly offer an estimate of energy expenditure (EE) to assist in the objective monitoring of physical activity to the general population. Alongside consumers, healthcare professionals and researchers are seeking to utilise these devices for the monitoring of training and improving human health. However, the methods of validation and reporting of EE estimation in these devices lacks rigour, negatively impacting on the ability to make comparisons between devices and provide transparent accuracy.ObjectivesThe Towards Intelligent Health and Well-Being Network of Physical Activity Assessment (INTERLIVE) is a joint European initiative of six universities and one industrial partner. The network was founded in 2019 and strives towards developing best-practice recommendations for evaluating the validity of consumer wearables and smartphones. This expert statement presents a best-practice validation protocol for consumer wearables and smartphones in the estimation of EE.MethodsThe recommendations were developed through (1) a systematic literature review; (2) an unstructured review of the wider literature discussing the potential factors that may introduce bias during validation studies; and (3) evidence-informed expert opinions from members of the INTERLIVE network.ResultsThe systematic literature review process identified 1645 potential articles, of which 62 were deemed eligible for the final dataset. Based on these studies and the wider literature search, a validation framework is proposed encompassing six key domains for validation: the target population, criterion measure, index measure, testing conditions, data processing and the statistical analysis.ConclusionsThe INTERLIVE network recommends that the proposed protocol, and checklists provided, are used to standardise the testing and reporting of the validation of any consumer wearable or smartphone device to estimate EE. This in turn will maximise the potential utility of these technologies for clinicians, researchers, consumers, and manufacturers/developers, while ensuring transparency, comparability, and replicability in validation.Trial RegistrationPROSPERO ID: CRD42021223508.
Pleuro-pulmonary ultrasound in the diagnosis and follow-up of lung infections in children with cancer: a pilot study
Authors: Meli Mariaclaudia , La Spina Milena , Lo Nigro Luca , Trobia Gian Luca , Russo Giovanna , Di Cataldo Andrea 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Febrile neutropenia and lung infections are common and potential fatal complications of pediatric cancer patients during chemotherapy. Lung ultrasound (LUS) has a good accuracy in the diagnosis of pneumonia in childhood, but there is no data concerning its use in the diagnosis and follow-up of pulmonary infection in children with cancer. The goal of this pilot study is to verify the feasibility of lung ultrasonography for the diagnosis and follow up of pneumonia in children and adolescents with cancer.

Material and methods
This is a prospective observational case–control monocentric study conducted in the Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Department of University Hospital of Catania in patients aged < 18 years with cancer. Attending Physician used ultrasonography to detect pneumonia in cancer children with fever. As control group, cancer patients with no infection suspicion were also tested. LUS results were compared to chest X-ray (CXR) and/or chest CT scan, when these imaging techniques were performed, according to clinical indication.

Results
Thirty-eight patients were studied. All underwent LUS, 16 underwent CXR, 3 chest CT. Statistical analysis showed LUS specificity of 93% (95% CI 84–100%), and sensitivity of 100%; CXR, instead, showed a specificity of 83% (95% CI 62–100%) and a sensitivity of 50% (95% CI 1–99%).

Conclusion
This study shows for the first time that LUS allows physicians to diagnose pneumonia in children and young adults with cancer, with high specificity and sensitivity.
T4F3: temperature for fused filament fabrication
Authors: Zhang Jie , Van Hooreweder Brecht , Ferraris Eleonora 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTemperature fields and their variations in printed parts are the basis for understanding the physical process of fused filament fabrication (FFF). However, reliable temperature data are still rather limited to date. This article presents a three-dimensional transient-state model to simulate the temporal and spatial temperature variations in FFF printed parts. Model variables range from geometry dimensions and (dynamic) material properties to process parameters, covering all important physical phenomena, including conduction anisotropy and radiant heat transfer. The validation of the model is performed against six sets of experimental temperature data obtained with different geometries, machines, materials, processes, temperature measuring methods, etc. Insights in the thermal process are also reported. For example, the heat penetration depth in printing with poly(lactic acid) is limited to 3 mm, and the Biot number intimately characterises the reheating peaks in temporal profiles. This model shows the potential to become a standardised tool to study the thermal characteristics of FFF printed parts. It is made openly available on website https://iiw.kuleuven.be/onderzoek/aml/technologyoffer.
Graphic abstract
From Business Ethics to Business Education: Peter-Hans Kolvenbach’s Contribution
Authors: Lozano Josep M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis essay begins with a look at the contribution made by Business Ethics and by Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to Business Education, and how the first two have moved to the last over time. Yet their contributions also reveal limitations that need to be taken into account in the debate on the training provided by Business Schools. This debate cannot be confined to speaking of disciplines and their cross-cutting natures but rather needs to focus directly on the kind of personal profile fostered among business students. In the context of this debate on the future of Business Schools, the essay stresses the relevance of Peter-Hans Kolvenbach’s framework. He proposed an educational ideal based upon educating competent, conscious, compassionate, and committed people. This ideal took shape in the form of an educational paradigm integrating four dimensions: professional (utilitas), ethical-social (iustitia), humanist (humanitas) and spiritual (fides). The essay not only shows how each of these dimensions is in tune with some of the present proposals for renewing Business Education but also how Kolvenbach's more holistic approach can help to further integrate and spotlight the blind spots of each of them.
Parteiungen im Totalitarismus: Christenheiten und Ideologien im „Dritten Reich“
Authors: Auffarth Christoph 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungTotalitären Regimen wird nachgesagt, dass eine einzige Partei die Herrschaft an sich reißt und nun als einzige Partei alle anderen Gruppen und Institutionen unterwandert. Die Ideologie der Partei wird Staatsziel und verdrängt alle eigenständigen Organisationen und Weltbilder, besonders auch Religion und religiöse Institutionen. Dieser Artikel zeigt auf, dass sich ein solches Konzept des Totalitarismus (und davon abgeleitet der „Politischen Religion“) nicht auf den Nationalsozialismus in Deutschland anwenden lässt, indem verschiedene Parteiungen bei führenden Nationalsozialisten unterschieden werden.An zwei Prozessen in der konsolidierten Herrschaft des Nationalsozialismus des Jahres 1937 wird deutlich, dass sowohl in den Kirchen als auch in der NSDAP Parteiungen konkurrierten, die ein ganz unterschiedliches Verhältnis zur herrschenden Ideologie bzw. zur Religion hatten: Das Schulgesetz forderte explizit gläubige Lehrer und behielt den Religionsunterricht bei, gegen den Vorstoß einer Parteiung innerhalb der Partei, den Nationalsozialismus als einziges „Bekenntnis“ zu erklären. Die päpstliche Enzyklika des gleichen Jahres richtet sich gegen eine Parteiung innerhalb des NS, die sie als „neuheidnisch“ im Gegensatz zum katholischen Christentum sieht, nicht aber gegen den Nationalsozialismus insgesamt.
From society to cells and back again: new opportunities for discovery at the biosocial interface
Authors: McDade Thomas W. , Harris Kathleen Mullan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA new generation of community- and population-based research is combining measures of social context, experience, and behavior with direct measures of physiology, gene sequence and function, and health. Studies drawing on models and methods from the social and biological sciences have the potential to illuminate the multilevel mechanisms through which experience becomes biology, and to move past decontextualized and reductionistic approaches to human development, behavior, and health. In this perspective we highlight challenges and opportunities at the biosocial interface, and briefly discuss COVID-19 as a case study demonstrating the importance of linking across levels of analysis.
On Blow-Up of Solutions to a Weakly Dissipative Two-Component Camassa–Holm System
Authors: Han Xuanxuan , Wang Tingting , Lu Yibin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a weakly dissipative two-component Camassa–Holm system. We demonstrate a simple sufficient condition on initial date to guarantee blow-up of solutions in finite time and guarantee the solutions exist globally in time. The results improve considerable the previous results.
Digital self-harm: an examination of the current literature with recommendations for future research
Authors: Soengkoeng Rinjani , Moustafa Ahmed A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDigital self-harm (DSH) is a relatively new form of virtual self-harm that occurs mostly in young people, and has been defined as both the act of cyberbullying oneself (Fictitious Online Victimisation; FOV), and engaging with online spaces in a way that is detrimental to one’s psychological wellbeing. In our overview of DSH we aim to provide an understanding of this little-known subject by offering a clarification of extant terms, summarising current findings, and presenting recommendations for future research. The prevalence of DSH in teenagers appears to approach that of physical self-harm, and the behaviour is more common amongst young people who are ostracised and/or victimised by their peers. The motivations for DSH are heterogeneous, but there is evidence that, like physical self-harm, it may be a means of affect regulation. However, more research is required to untangle the different forms of DSH and gain a sense of their occurrence in different populations and age groups, their varying causes, their relationship to physical self-harm, and the means by which they should be measured.
Integrating the Anthropocene in Legal Education: Considerations for Asia
Authors: Liljeblad Jonathan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe scale and urgency of the consequences of the Anthropocene for human civilization call for comprehensive responses from human societies. As leaders in law, law schools have a role in helping their respective societies respond to the impacts of the Anthropocene. The present analysis discusses potential approaches to help law schools in Asia integrate the Anthropocene into their legal education curricula. Drawing upon existing legal education literature regarding issues of content, teaching tools, curriculum placement, and subject status as a law topic, the analysis explores the potential issues facing law schools in the adoption of the Anthropocene as a component of learning. The analysis then addresses the particular contextual sociocultural, economic, and political circumstances likely to challenge the integration of the Anthropocene into Asian law schools. The conclusion finishes with directions for future research.