bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulating Expression Levels of TCP Transcription Factors by Mentha x piperita Volatiles—An Allelopathic Tool to Influence Leaf Growth?
Authors: Preusche Matthias , Vahl Marvin , Riediger Johanna , Ulbrich Andreas , Schulz Margot 
Published: November 2022

Peppermint (Mentha x piperita) is a species with inhibitory allelopathic properties due to its high amounts of terpenes. Recent studies have disclosed dosage dependent growth promotion or defense reactions in plants when facing appropriate amounts of Mentha bouquet terpenes. These positive effects could be of interest for agricultural applications. To obtain more insights into leaf growth modulations, the expression of Arabidopsis and Brassica rapa TCP transcription factors were studied after fumigation with M. x piperita bouquets (Arabidopsis), with M. x piperita essential oil or with limonene (Arabidopsis and Chinese cabbage). According to qPCR studies, expression of TCP3, TCP24, and TCP20 were downregulated by all treatments in Arabidopsis, leading to altered leaf growth. Expressions of B. rapa TCPs after fumigation with the essential oil or limonene were less affected. Extensive greenhouse and polytunnel trials with white cabbage and Mentha plants showed that the developmental stage of the leaves, the dosage, and the fumigation time are of crucial importance for changed fresh and dry weights. Although further research is needed, the study may contribute to a more intensive utilization of ecologically friendly and species diversity conservation and positive allelopathic interactions in future agricultural systems.
Surface Water Mapping and Flood Monitoring in the Mekong Delta Using Sentinel-1 SAR Time Series and Otsu Threshold
Authors: Tran Khuong H. , Menenti Massimo , Jia Li 
Published: November 2022

The annual flood and the alteration in hydrological regimes are the most vital concerns in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD). Although synthetic aperture radar (SAR) Sentinel-1 imagery is widely used for water management, only a few studies have used Sentinel-1 data for mapping surface water and monitoring flood events in the VMD. This study developed an algorithm to implement (i) automatic Otsu threshold on a series of Sentinel-1 images to extract surface water and (ii) time series analyses on the derived surface water maps to detect flood water extent in near-real-time (NRT). Specifically, only cross-polarized VH was selected after an assessment of different Sentinel-1 polarizations. The dynamic Otsu thresholding algorithm was applied to identify an optimal threshold for each pre-processed Sentinel-1 VH image to separate water from non-water pixels for producing a time series of surface water maps. The derived Sentinel-1 surface water maps were visually compared with the Sentinel-2 Full Resolution Browse (FRB) and statistically examined with the Sentinel-2 Multispectral Instrument (MSI) surface water maps, which were generated by applying the Otsu threshold on the normalized difference water index (NDWI) and modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) images. The visual comparison showed a strong correspondence between the Sentinel-1 surface water maps and Sentinel-2 FRB images in three periods, including rice’s sowing season, flood period, and rice’s maturation stage. A good statistical agreement suggested that the performance of the dynamic Otsu thresholding algorithm on Sentinel-1 image time series to map surface water is effective in river areas (R2 = 0.97 and RMSE = 1.18%), while it is somewhat lower in paddy field areas (R2 = 0.88 and RMSE = 3.88%). Afterward, a flood mapping algorithm in NRT was developed by applying the change-detection-based time series analyses on the derived Sentinel-1 surface water maps. Every single pixel at the time t is respectively referred to its state in the water/non-water and flooded/non-flooded maps at the previous time t−1 to be classified into a flooded or non-flooded pixel. The flood mapping algorithm enables updates at each time step to generate temporal flood maps in NRT for monitoring flood water extent in large-scale areas. This study provides a tool to rapidly generate surface water and flood maps to support water management and risk reduction in the VMD. The future improvement of the current algorithm is discussed.
Grasses in Semi-Arid Lowlands—Community Composition and Spatial Dynamics with Special Regard to the Influence of Edaphic Factors
Authors: Waheed Muhammad , Haq Shiekh Marifatul , Arshad Fahim , Bussmann Rainer W. , Iqbal Muhammad , Bukhari Najat A. , Hatamleh Ashraf Atef 
Published: November 2022

Edaphic properties have been widely shown to influence community composition and distribution. However, the degree to which edaphic factors can affect grasses in semi-arid lowlands is still little researched. We assessed the significance of nine edaphic factors to explain the distributions of 65 grass species with various ecological traits (i.e., the ecological indicator values for their preferred habitat) in the semi-arid lowlands of Pakistan. To record information on species composition and related ecological conditions, we selected 10 random sampling locations between 2020 and 2021. For each species, we determined the important value index (IVI) and looked at the primary indicator species that were identified using the indicator species analysis approach. The major genera were Setaria, Brachiaria, and Cenchrus with 6.15% species in each followed by Aristida, Panicum, and Eragrostis with 4.61% wild grass species, Bothriochloa, Bromus, Phragmites, Polypogon, Saccharum, Poa, Echinochloa, and Dactyloctenium with 3.07% species, whereas other genera had a single species each. In total, 80% of the species were native, while only 20% were introduced species. Microphylls accounted for 49.23% of the leaf size spectra of the grass flora in the study area. The other frequent traits included macrophylls (21.53%), nanophylls (20%), and leptophylls (9.23%). The major life forms were therophytes (56.92%) followed by hemicryptophytes (38.46%) and geophytes (4.61%). The results of an ordination analysis indicated that the distribution of grasses was significantly (p ≤ 0.002) influenced by several edaphic parameters, with pH having the greatest impact on species distribution. The analyses of indicator species showed that pH and EC were the most powerful and important edaphic factors for determining the composition of plant communities and indicator species. The significant indicator species in various ecosystems were Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. rainer.bussmann@smnk.de and Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees (agroecosystem), Brachiaria reptans (L.) C.A. Gardner and C.E. Hubb, Dichanthium annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf, and Saccharum spontaneum L. (forest ecosystem), Cenchrus biflorus Roxb., Cenchrus ciliaris L., and Desmostachya bipinnata (L.) Stapf (urban ecosystem), Arundo donax L., Echinochloa crus-galli, and Phragmites australis (wetland ecosystem), and Saccharum spontaneum and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. (riparian ecosystem). We discovered that different species groupings had different habitat preferences and that soil pH had a significant beneficial effect on plant variety. These results provide a scientific roadmap for soil and plant restoration in semi-arid lowland habitats.
THE ANALYSIS OF THE FINANCIAL RESULT - TOOL FOR EVALUATION OF THE APPLICATION OF SPECIFIC ACCOUNTING DECISIONS IN THE NON-FINANCIAL SECTOR ENTERPRISE
Authors: Staneva Valentina 
Published: November 2022

The current and periodic information created in the accounting allows to apply different types of analyzes, including economic and financial accounting. The management of a company in the non-financial sector should strive to develop its activities by increasing the financial results and attractiveness of its customers, following modern trends, including in their dynamic manifestation. Thus, accounting as a separate system in the enterprise is associated with the system of its management, which is in line with the application of the principles of a systematic approach. The main management function of the management team is to analyze the information from transactions and events that are reflected in the financial statements. To be able to make full use of the available information, it is necessary to select, group and compare it with the specific information contained in the current and periodic reporting. Thus, measures can be proposed to optimize the financial condition of the enterprise, including usage of specific accounting solutions, examined through the tools of financial and accounting analysis.
The aim of this report is to explore opportunities for practical application of specific accounting decisions when compiling financial statements of non-financial sector and to analyze their impact on the financial result of the establishment of selected financial accounting measures, in compliance with the national legislation and international accounting standards.
METHODS AND TECHNIQUES FOR STRATEGIC QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN BUSINESS LOGISTICS
Authors: Chobanov Mario 
Published: November 2022

Quality management in business logistics is a contemporary approach to the operation of logistics companies, ie all service, trade and manufacturing business entities. Especially now, when the transformation processes of the companies in the market are open, in a time of global changes and transformation of the existing business models, there is more talk about quality management in business logistics, especially about strategic quality management in business logistics that refers to achievement to all strategic and sustainable standards.
The business aspects of logistics have contributed to the development of a contemporary scientific discipline, ie business logistics and supply chain management. Thus, business logistics as a contemporary scientific discipline is experiencing its peak right now. Namely, new concepts for management are being developed, ie trends in business logistics and supply chains are being designed and implemented, the logistics activity is increasingly supported by related technologies, etc. These innovations in science have led to a whole new framework of science and practice in this field, ie a new approach, which is to deliver pure value. This is not a simple goal at all and that is why business logistics as an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary contemporary scientific discipline relies on related sciences, ie economic, organizational, and even technological sciences. Thus, quality management in business logistics requires perfect knowledge of the field of quality management, ie logistics and quality management as a related area are integrated and create quality management in business logistics.
The aim of this paper is to systematize the modern theoretical knowledge in order to create a sufficiently stable methodological framework that will be appropriate for dealing with modern problems of logistics companies. This goal inspires the author to apply an appropriate scientific research methodology characteristic of the social sciences. The subject of this paper is the applicable methods, techniques and tools for strategic quality management in business logistics. Namely, the paper consists of introductory notes where the author introduces the reader to the issue, while the content of the paper consists of two main theses. The first thesis refers to the conceptual definition of quality in business logistics and tactics for introducing quality in three areas of quality related to business logistics: marketing, functional and social area. The second thesis refers to building an appropriate methodological framework for strategic quality management in business logistics. In the final part of this paper, the author gives the general conclusion and presents the objective recommendations produced by this paper. In this paper, relevant and contemporary domestic and foreign literature is applied, which is necessary to provide scientific support to the topicality of the issue.
ECOLOGICAL MARKETING IN THE FUNCTION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Lazović Ivan 
Published: November 2022

The modern marketing concept uses all the existing and finds new potentials in order for companies to communicate as successfully as possible and respond to market demands. At the end of the 20th century, humanity's concern for the preservation of the environment influenced the growing demand for environmentally friendly products and services. With the emergence of a new market segment, environmentally conscious consumers, there was a need to develop ecological marketing.
The commitment of a company for ecological business involves the adoption of a new concept of ecological development of effective and efficient marketing mix in order to address local, regional and global environmental issues. Therefore, ecological marketing must incorporate environmental care into its study in a standard marketing mix of variable sizes. Through classical instruments of marketing mix i.e., product, price, distribution and promotion of ecological marketing aims to identify, anticipate, meet the needs of consumers and society in a profitable and sustainable manner.
Sustainable development is a process allowing development to take place without degrading or depleting the resources on which it is based. This is, in general, possible either by managing resources in such a way that they can self-renew to the extent that they are used, or by greater representation and use of resources where the regeneration period is short. With such an approach, resources can serve future, to the same extent, as present generations.
The demand for organic products has influenced the development of organic production, because in addition to the economic and ethical dimension, it also contains an ecological dimension. Marketing of organic products means placing on the market of certified organic food products, in order to meet the needs of consumers, make a profit and preserve the environment. The model of marketing organic products has theoretical and practical significance from the aspect of strict control and certification from production and procurement of inputs, organic production, purchase and sale, processing, commercialization of products and distribution channels to consumers or customers.
The paper starts with the assumption that the ecological marketing is in the function of sustainable development. Each ecological product occupies a special position, i.e., a place in the minds of consumers in relation to competitors, which is the result of their ranking based on attributes or dimensions important to consumers. The methods used in this paper are based on secondary or existing sources of information (books, monographs, research projects and studies, articles, papers, web information and other available bibliographic sources). The aim of the research is to see what ecological marketing is, and then what combination of marketing instruments is necessary in the function of sustainable development. The subject of research is ecological marketing in the function of sustainable development.
IMPACT OF HUMAN RESOURCES TRAININGS AND KNOWLEDGE SHARING IN TRAVEL AGENCIES
Authors: Beqiri Theranda , Trakaniqi Fjolla 
Published: November 2022

The main purpose of this paper is to identify the impact of training and development on service sector. In the methodology of this paper we used the quantitative and qualitative method conducted with respondents in travel agencies. The questionnaire was structured with types of training and training needs for service sector employees, the research refers the level of trainings that are conducted in the travel agencies. Introduction of the information technology and different application programmes has increased the need of trainings of travel agency workers. The simple random technique is used to collect data from targeted travel agencies. The T test and correlation matrix is used to see the impact of training to employee’s performance. As a strategic activity, the training is related to the mission of the travel agency and its long-term objectives and is a major contributor to the development of skilled, flexible and dedicated employees while providing training in combination with other human resource management functions. In businesses that are in service sector that have experience in their field professional consultants - people who have the necessary skills and knowledge to implement the training, are responsible for staff training. However, in terms of transferring practical knowledge, managers are much more efficient. Their practical experience and skills, knowledge of their company, network of business contacts, and personal knowledge of the human resources of their organization make them qualified than the professional trainers, responsible for human resources.Training can be developed on the job and of the job depending on the organisation needs and employees skills, while communication skills are usually needed in travel agencies this is one together with use of software packages are the most important trainings that were identified in our research.
INTANGIBLE ECONOMY
Authors: Runcev Nikolce , Makrevska Trajanka 
Published: November 2022

The process of committing time, resources and money in order to produce useful things in the future is, from an economic point of view a defining part of what business, governments and individuals do. Over the last few decades, the nature of investment has been changing to large extent.
The type of investment that has risen dramatically is intangible: investment in ideas, in knowledge, in aesthetic content, in software, in brands, in networks and relationship.
The paper describes this change and why has happened.
Any investments, tangible or intangible, is a step into the unknown. No businesses know for sure what the return will be. First of all, owing to its invisibility, intangible investments tend to be worth less if they fail. It’s harder to recover their value by simply selling them.
The upside of an intangible investment is potentially much higher, since it is more likely to benefit from scale (so a modest investment can reap a big return) or synergies (increasing its value directly). So when things go wrong, intangibles tend to be worth less, and when they go well, they tend to be worth much more.
The tendency of intangible investments to generate spillovers makes radically harder to estimate the future returns to the company. And the absence of markets for many intangibles (which contributes to their sunkenness) makes it harder to form a realistic estimate of their value.
Intangibles also tend to be contested. People and businesses will often vie to see who control them, own them, or benefit from them. This is partly a function of spillovers.
Intangibles have four unusual economic properties. These properties can exist with tangible investments, but on the whole intangible assets exhibit them to a greater degree.
The numerous reasons for the growth of intangible investment, including the changing balance of services and manufacturing in the economy, globalization, the increased liberalization of markets, development in IT and management technologies, and the changing input costs of services(which play a greater role in intangible investment).
This paper looks at the role of intangibles in secular stagnation, the puzzling fall in investment and productivity growth seen in major economy in recent years. We argue the increasing importance of intangible investment may have an important role to play in this troubling phenomenon.
PROTECTION OF BROADCASTER’S RIGHTS WITHIN INTERNATIONAL AND EUROPEAN LEGAL FRAME: SYNTHETIC APPROACH
Authors: Burova Slavica 
Published: November 2022

The right to intellectual property, which regulates the legal relations of creators and titulars, their personal and property rights in relation to their works, the relations of titulars and users and the relations of titulars and those who abuse their rights, has open perspectives for theoretical elaboration, with the need for daily improvement of national and international protection regulations, as well as the mechanisms for their practical implementation.
The enormous impact of copyright and related rights, as a relatively new branch of law, as well as the rapid technological development leading to new techniques, such as broadcasting, which is the transmission of audio and video content to the public via radio, television, or other , often digital media, gave rise to the legal recognition of the rights not only of the authors and performers whose works are broadcast, but also the rights of the broadcasting organizations themselves (radio and television organizations) in relation to the use of their shows.
Within this paper, we will strive to apply broadcasting, as part of the related rights of copyright, the importance and impact of the rights of radio and television organizations, their subject of protection, as well as legal protection, and also regulation of the rights of radio and television organizations under international law and the European Union.Furthermore, the set level of protection of the rights of broadcasters at the international level is taken into account. All this is covered in a broad framework of legislation, ie TRIPS Agreement, Rome Convention and Brussels Satellite Convention. Additionally, the level of protection of broadcasters' rights is described in European context. These are guidelines set in the domain of the Council of Europe, European Union and European Directives.
The main goal of the paper is to draw essential conclusions and recommendations that will be the basis for being efficient through the application of qualitative analysis, more precisely, expressed through the application of content analysis method, comparison method and synthesis method, generalization and specification. Additionally, more it will produce more effective Macedonian legislation in the domain of the expressed issues, through a strategic approach of analysis and implementation.
In the context of the above, the main conclusion and recommendations arising from the paper refer to the fact that the exclusive rights are not absolute but limited by limitations and exceptions to copyright law, including fair use. A major limitation on copyright is that copyright protects only the original expression of ideas, and not the underlying ideas themselves.
It is also important to emphasize that every society needs to find its own explicit way of setting the legal framework in this issue, primarily as a result of existing opportunities and capacities, in terms of resources and technological benefits, which significantly affect of the process of effective implementation.