bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
West coast India’s rainfall is becoming more convective
Authors: Sreenath A. V. , Abhilash S. , Vijaykumar P. , Mapes B. E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA disastrous cloudburst and associated floods in Kerala during the 2019 monsoon season raise the hypothesis that rainfall over the west coast of India, much of which is stratiform, may be trending towards being more convective. As a first exploration, we sought statistically significant differences in monthly ERA-5 reanalysis data for the monsoon season between two epochs, 1980–1999 and 2000–2019. Results suggest a more convective (deeper, ice-rich) cloud population in recent decades, with patterns illustrated in ERA-5 spatial maps. Deepening of convection, above and beyond its trend in amount, is also indicated by the steeper regression slope of outgoing longwave radiation trends against precipitation than that exhibited in interannual variability. Our reanalysis results are strengthened by related trends manifested in more direct observations from satellite and gauge-based rainfall and a CAPE index from balloon soundings data.
3D molecular phenotyping of cleared human brain tissues with light-sheet fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Pesce Luca , Scardigli Marina , Gavryusev Vladislav , Laurino Annunziatina , Mazzamuto Giacomo , Brady Niamh , Sancataldo Giuseppe , Silvestri Ludovico , Destrieux Christophe , Hof Patrick R. , Costantini Irene , Pavone Francesco S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe combination of optical tissue transparency with immunofluorescence allows the molecular characterization of biological tissues in 3D. However, adult human organs are particularly challenging to become transparent because of the autofluorescence contributions of aged tissues. To meet this challenge, we optimized SHORT (SWITCH—H2O2—antigen Retrieval—TDE), a procedure based on standard histological treatments in combination with a refined clearing procedure to clear and label portions of the human brain. 3D histological characterization with multiple molecules is performed on cleared samples with a combination of multi-colors and multi-rounds labeling. By performing fast 3D imaging of the samples with a custom-made inverted light-sheet fluorescence microscope (LSFM), we reveal fine details of intact human brain slabs at subcellular resolution. Overall, we proposed a scalable and versatile technology that in combination with LSFM allows mapping the cellular and molecular architecture of the human brain, paving the way to reconstruct the entire organ.
Validated determination of NRG1 Ig-like domain structure by mass spectrometry coupled with computational modeling
Authors: Khaje Niloofar Abolhasani , Eletsky Alexander , Biehn Sarah E. , Mobley Charles K. , Rogals Monique J. , Kim Yoonkyoo , Mishra Sushil K. , Doerksen Robert J. , Lindert Steffen , Prestegard James H. , Sharp Joshua S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHigh resolution hydroxyl radical protein footprinting (HR-HRPF) is a mass spectrometry-based method that measures the solvent exposure of multiple amino acids in a single experiment, offering constraints for experimentally informed computational modeling. HR-HRPF-based modeling has previously been used to accurately model the structure of proteins of known structure, but the technique has never been used to determine the structure of a protein of unknown structure. Here, we present the use of HR-HRPF-based modeling to determine the structure of the Ig-like domain of NRG1, a protein with no close homolog of known structure. Independent determination of the protein structure by both HR-HRPF-based modeling and heteronuclear NMR was carried out, with results compared only after both processes were complete. The HR-HRPF-based model was highly similar to the lowest energy NMR model, with a backbone RMSD of 1.6 Å. To our knowledge, this is the first use of HR-HRPF-based modeling to determine a previously uncharacterized protein structure.
Visualization of edge-modulated charge-density-wave orders in monolayer transition-metal-dichalcogenide metal
Authors: Zhang Quanzhen , Fan Jiahao , Zhang Teng , Wang Jizhang , Hao Xiaoyu , Xie Ying-Ming , Huang Zeping , Chen Yaoyao , Liu Meng , Jia Liangguang , Yang Huixia , Liu Liwei , Huang Huaqing , Zhang Yu , Duan Wenhui , Wang Yeliang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn two-dimensional materials with the many-body quantum states, edges become especially significant for realizing a host of physical phenomena and for potential applications in nanodevices. Here, we report the successful construction of ultra-flat monolayer 1H-phase niobium diselenide (NbSe2) with atomically sharp zigzag edges. Our scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy measurements reveal that such zigzag edges hold intriguing one-dimensional edge states. Moreover, we observe an obvious energy-dependent charge-density-wave (CDW) modulation near the edge, highlighting the significant edge-CDW interference interactions. Our findings provide a comprehensive study of tunable structural and electronic properties at the edges in monolayer NbSe2. More importantly, the edge-CDW interference model can be feasible for other CDW metals, suggesting a promising direction of extending desired edge functionalities.
Shifting agriculture is the dominant driver of forest disturbance in threatened forest species’ ranges
Authors: Kadoya Taku , Takeuchi Yayoi , Shinoda Yushin , Nansai Keisuke 
Published: May 2022

AbstractForest disturbance, including deforestation, is a major driver of global biodiversity decline. Identifying the underlying socioeconomic drivers can help guide interventions to halt biodiversity decline. Here, we quantified spatial overlaps between the distributions of 6164 globally threatened terrestrial vertebrate species and five major forest disturbance drivers at the global scale: commodity-driven deforestation, shifting agriculture, forestry, wildfire, and urbanization. We find that each driver has a distinct relative importance among species groups and geographic regions with, for example, the dominant disturbance drivers being forestry in northern regions and shifting agriculture in the tropics. Overall, shifting agriculture was more prevalent within threatened forest species’ ranges in the tropics, and some temperate nations. Our findings suggest that, globally, threatened forest species are exposed to a disproportional decrease in habitat area. Combining forest disturbance maps and species ranges can help evaluate agricultural landscape management and prioritize conservation efforts to reduce further biodiversity loss.
Identification of the target and mode of action for the prokaryotic nucleotide excision repair inhibitor ATBC
Authors: Bernacchia Lorenzo , Paris Antoine , Gupta Arya , Moores Alexandra A. , Kad Neil M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn bacteria, nucleotide excision repair (NER) plays a major role in repairing DNA damage from a wide variety of sources. Therefore, its inhibition offers potential to develop a new antibacterial in combination with adjuvants, such as UV light. To date, only one known chemical inhibitor of NER is 2-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)benzo(f)chromen-3-one (ATBC) exists and targets Mycobacterium tuberculosis NER. To enable the design of future drugs, we need to understand its mechanism of action. To determine the mechanism of action, we used in silico structure-based prediction, which identified the ATP-binding pocket of Escherichia coli UvrA as a probable target. Growth studies in E. coli showed it was nontoxic alone, but able to impair growth when combined with DNA-damaging agents, and as we predicted, it reduced by an approximately 70% UvrA’s ATPase rate. Since UvrA’s ATPase activity is necessary for effective DNA binding, we used single-molecule microscopy to directly observe DNA association. We measured an approximately sevenfold reduction in UvrA molecules binding to a single molecule of dsDNA suspended between optically trapped beads. These data provide a clear mechanism of action for ATBC, and show that targeting UvrA’s ATPase pocket is effective and ATBC provides an excellent framework for the derivation of more soluble inhibitors that can be tested for activity.
Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Sydney Swallow Questionnaire
Authors: Atar Sevgi , Atar Yavuz , Ilgin Can , Uygan Ugur , Demirhan Esma , Anarat Melis Ece Arkan , Tutar Belgin , Sari Hüseyin , Berkiten Güler , Kuru Ömer 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Sydney Swallow Questionnaire (SSQ-T) and calculate a cutoff value to help clinicians to suspect/predict oropharyngeal dysphagia (OPD).

Method:
The original questionnaire was translated into Turkish by two bilingual English Turkish translators. The study included 170 Turkish adult subjects. Half of the participants were patients presenting with OPD, and half were healthy controls. Fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) was administered to all subjects. Patients were evaluated using the Turkish Penetration Aspiration Scale and the Yale Pharyngeal Residue Severity Rating Scale. Additionally, the final version of the SSQ-T questionnaire and the Turkish Eating Assessment Tool were administered to all subjects.

Results:

Internal consistency was high on all questions (Cronbach's α = .974). Test–retest reliability was also high (intraclass correlation coefficient = .975,
p
< .001; 95% confidence interval [.948–.988]). The SSQ-T score range was 0–1,240 for all participants, 57–1,240 for the patients with OPD, and 0–152 for the healthy controls. The cutoff value was 174 with 85.96% sensitivity and 99.12% specificity.

Conclusion:
The SSQ-T was demonstrated to be a valid and reliable assessment to assess the self-perceived severity of OPD.
Multi‐user underwater acoustic communication using binary phase‐coded hyperbolic frequency‐modulated signals
Authors: Zuberi Habib Hussain , Liu Songzuo , Sohail Muhammad Zohaib , Pan Chenyu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMulti‐user communication traditionally uses either code division multiple access (CDMA) or time‐division multiple access schemes. The chirp signals resilience to multipath and the Doppler effect makes it suitable for underwater acoustic communication. This paper presents a binary phase‐coded hyperbolic frequency‐modulated (BPC‐HFM) for multi‐user underwater acoustic communication. The proposed scheme has the advantage of both linear frequency‐modulated signal, which is immune to multipath and Doppler offset, while PN sequence is encoded in such a manner that a waveform possesses either a phase shift of 0 or 180 depending upon the code which results in a unique orthogonal waveform for every user. As a result, it helps to reduce multiple access interference; in addition, the time‐reversal mirror technique is used to enhance the performance of the system in the high multipath environment due to the virtue of hydro‐acoustic channel. Furthermore, it uses a relatively simple matched filter‐based receiver. To substantiate the robustness of the proposed multi‐user waveforms three types of hydro‐acoustic channels using the different numbers of multiple users are chosen for simulation and the bit error rate (BER) of the system is calculated. Furthermore, the results are compared to binary phase‐coded linear frequency‐modulated signal and conventional Direct sequence spread spectrum CDMA.
A novel wideband radar detector via Wiener filter
Authors: Ma Weijie , Tu Guoyong , Deng Zhenmiao , Lu Xiaofei , Ye Yishan , Li Yuhan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo minimise the noise interference in the radar received echoes and optimise the detection issue for a wideband radar system, a novel wideband radar track‐before‐detect detector via Wiener Filter is proposed. The Wiener Filter can effectively remove the noise mixed in the echoes and make the filtered signal consistent with the original signal. After applying maximum likelihood estimation to the echoes, the authors can reconstruct the desired signal required for Wiener filtering by extracting the range information of each scatterer. Then Wiener Filtering is performed on the echo containing noise with the desired signal to complete the denoising. Subsequently, we exploit the correlation between the adjacent echoes for detection. The effectiveness of the detector can be verified by the numerical simulation results of synthetic and real radar data. The proposed detector is superior to the waveform contrast detector, inter‐period correlation processor and modified correlation matrix detector.
Day‐ahead flexibility market clearing mechanism for interactive collaboration of transmission and distribution system operators
Authors: Talaeizadeh Vali , Aghaei Jamshid , Shayanfar Heidarali 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper explores the procurement of flexibility services in the power system by the collaboration between transmission system operators (TSO) and distribution system operators (DSO) in the day‐ahead market (DAM). With the coordination and interaction among the operators, the existing flexibility sources in transmission and distribution levels are exploited efficiently to procure flexibility services. For motivation of the distributed generation (DGs) sources and microgrids (MGs) to provide flexibility services, DSO aggregates the flexible sources of its grid and offers them to the upstream market. Doing so addresses the TSO uncertainties and improves the flexibility of the entire grid. The simulation results suggest the increased market efficiency and reduced operating costs for transmission and distribution levels using flexible sources. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that utilization of existing flexible sources in the distribution grid enhances the flexibility of the entire system and, consequently, increases the absorption from renewable energy sources (RES). Also, the flexibility procurement for DSO is associated with an increase in revenue and motivation of MGs. An examination of the impact of MG's ownership on the market clearing mechanism is also investigated in this regard. Finally, the reserve affects the system's flexibility. This effect is helpful for flexible systems while reducing the flexibility metrics for inflexible systems.
A novel energy management framework incorporating multi‐carrier energy hub for smart city
Authors: Esapour Khodakhast , Moazzen Farid , Karimi Mazaher , Dabbaghjamanesh Morteza , Kavousi‐Fard Abdollah 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe development of advanced and intelligent measurement instruments in recent years has increased the intelligence of modern energy systems, especially power systems. Besides, with the advancement of energy conversion technologies, these systems benefit from multi‐carrier energy resources. Accordingly, this paper presents a model of smart city which considers various components, including smart transportation system (STS), microgrid (MG), and smart energy hub (SEH) with the ability of energy transformation. The proposed model addresses the islanded operation of a smart city that makes it a smart island. This island deploys the energy carriers of electricity, heat, gas and water as well. In addition, STS includes electric vehicle (EV) parking lots as well as metro system (MS) that can interactively exchange energy. More precisely, the different components of the smart island are modelled on the assumption of energy interdependency. In the proposed model, the water supply unit in SEH is provided which can be effective in reducing the cost of components by supplying water to them. In order to exchange energy within STS, metro stations have been optimally allocated using intelligent water drops (IWD) optimization method. In addition to smart island modelling, this paper quantifies the uncertainties within STS and MG using cloud theory. Eventually, the proposed model is simulated to ensure its effectiveness and accuracy.
Attention‐based multi‐scale feature fusion for free‐space detection
Authors: Song Pengfei , Fan Hui , Li Jinjiang , Hua Feng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFree space detection is a very important task in road scene understanding. With the continued development of convolutional neural networks, free‐space detection can be seen as a class‐specific semantic segmentation problem. In this paper, a new encoding–decoding network structure‐HRUnet is designed, which always maintains the input of high‐resolution images in both the encoding and decoding phases. It extracts multi‐scale information from RGB images and continuously fuses them, and finally achieves accurate spatial detection. In addition, in order to improve the accuracy of detection, the attention mechanism module‐spin attention is proposed to achieve the interaction between channel and spatial dimensions when calculating channel attention, establish the come relationship between channel and space, reduce the loss of feature information, and further improve the accuracy of spatial detection. Experimental results show that the proposed neural network structure outperforms current popular models in terms of balanced the computational complexity and accuracy.
Wideband single‐layer patch antenna with stable high gain using characteristic mode analysis
Authors: Gao Kun , Cao Xiangyu , Li Tong , Yang Huanhuan , Li Si Jia , Gao Jun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA low‐profile single‐layer patch antenna is proposed for bandwidth enhancement and stable high gain simultaneously. Firstly, coplanar parasitically coupled patches are introduced on two edges of the main driven patch to generate new resonant modes. The mutual compensation of modal electric energy and magnetic energy and the combination of modes lead to wideband performance based on characteristic mode analysis (CMA). Secondly, due to odd mode with unstable gain at high frequency, metallised vias are installed in the parasitic patches. Therefore, the symmetrical TM01 mode of parasitic patches is reshaped to the TM10 mode, and three in‐phase TM10 modes are connected in parallel to generate stable high gain. The CMA is utilised to guide the transformation of unwanted modal behaviours into desired modal states. The achieved impedance bandwidth for −10 dB is 13.7% (4.96–5.69 GHz) with a gain of 6.86–8.53 dBi over the operating bandwidth.
Homöopathie als komplementäre Therapie bei genuiner Myopathie – ein Fallbeispiel
Authors: von Kriegsheim Ada 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Fallbericht wird ein Hund mit einer genuinen Myopathie beschrieben. Die Behandlung erfolgt schulmedizinisch mit Mestinon und komplementär letztendlich mit Phosphorus. Über 3 Jahre
hat Robbi viel Kraft in seiner Muskulatur und kann trotz der Erkrankung lange Spaziergänge tätigen. Am Ende erliegt dieser sympathische Hund einem Osteosarkom.Es wird der Mittelübergang von Causticum zu Phosphorus diskutiert, ein Augenmerk auf die komplementäre Therapie gelegt und der Knochenkrebs mit der Erkrankung ins Verhältnis gesetzt.
Prevalence and Predictors of Pediatric COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance
Authors: Bourque Stephanie L. , Weikel Blair W. , Palmer Claire , Cataldi Jessica R. , Blackwell Sarah , Hwang Sunah S. 
Published: May 2022

Objective As pediatric COVID-19 vaccine eligibility expands, understanding predictors of vaccine intent is critical to effectively address parental concerns. Objectives included: (1) Evaluate maternal COVID-19 vaccine intent for child(ren) and associated predictors of stated intent; (2) Describe attitudes related to hypothetical vaccination policies; (3) Summarize themes associated with intention to vaccinate child(ren) for COVID-19.
Study Design Mothers enrolled in Heath eMoms, a longitudinal survey project, were recruited for this electronic COVID-19 survey. Chi-square analysis was used to compare proportions of respondent characteristics based on vaccination intent. Population survey logistic regression was used for multivariable modeling to assess the independent association between vaccine intent and demographics.
Results The response rate was 65.3% (n = 1884); 44.2% would choose vaccination, 20.3% would not choose vaccination, and 35.5% are unsure whether to have their child(ren) vaccinated for COVID-19. Black mothers (AOR 0.26, 95% CI 0.13, 0.54), respondents with less than high school education (AOR 0.26, 95% 0.12, 0.56) and those in rural areas (AOR 0.28, 95% CI 0.16, 0.48) were less likely to choose vaccination. Commonly cited reasons for vaccine hesitancy include the belief that the vaccine was not tested enough, is not safe, and there are concerns regarding its side effects.
Conclusion Over 50% of respondents do not intend or are unsure about their intent to vaccinate their child(ren) for COVID-19 with variability noted by demographics. Opportunities exist for perinatal and pediatric providers to educate pregnant people, parents, and caregivers with a focus on addressing concerns regarding vaccine safety and efficacy.
Key Points
Educational Impact of Targeted Neonatal Echocardiography and Hemodynamics Programs on Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Fellows
Authors: Friedmann Isabel , McNamara Patrick J. , Bhattacharya Soume , Cheng Anita 
Published: May 2022

Objective Targeted neonatal echocardiography (TNE) is a real-time cardiac imaging modality used by a hemodynamics program to aid in diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of neonatal cardiovascular illness. This study aimed to describe trainees' perspectives on existing hemodynamics education and perceived impacts of TNE and hemodynamics services on their education.
Study Design This was a mixed quantitative and qualitative study that surveyed neonatal-perinatal medicine (NPM) fellow trainees in Canada and the United States, at programs both with and without a hemodynamics service.
Results Ninety-two fellows responded to the survey, of whom 24 (26%) were enrolled in a program with an active hemodynamics service, 64 (70%) were training at a program without a hemodynamics service, and 4 (4%) were unsure. Trainees at centers with a hemodynamics service were more satisfied with their cardiovascular physiology education (91 vs. 69%, p = 0.040). Twenty-five percent of all trainees felt they do not have sufficient hemodynamics training to prepare them for independent practice. Areas of knowledge gaps were identified. Bedside teaching combined with didactic teaching was identified as useful means of teaching.
Conclusion Most trainees believed that TNE and a hemodynamics service are valuable educational assets. Thoughtful curriculum design for real-time and consolidation learning, with specific emphasis on content gaps, should be considered.
Key Points
Should Fathers Also Do Kangaroo Care?
Authors: Yaman Akan , Kandemir İbrahim , Özek Eren , Bilgen Hülya Selva 
Published: May 2022

Objectives The aim of the study is to compare the effect of maternal and paternal Kangaroo care (KC) on vital signs and cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) parameters.
Methods This randomized study included 35 preterm infants born at 32 weeks gestation or earlier. The body temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate, oxygen saturation (sPO2), and cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) were measured at the postnatal 35th week of gestation during three periods: in the incubator before KC, during KC with the mother or father, and in the incubator after KC. The measured parameters of the three periods were compared within each group (mother or father) and between the groups (mother and father).
Results There was no statistically significant difference between the vital signs during the three periods, both in the mother and father groups, and between the parents.The rSO2 values increased significantly in both parents (p <0.001) during and after KC. When we compared parents, rSO2 values were significantly higher during (p = 0.015) and after (p = 0.046) mother KC.
Conclusion The difference between M-KC and F-KC can be ignored as the cerebral near infra-red spectroscopy values are within normal limits. The active participation of fathers in KC should be encouraged by health professionals in all NICUs.
Key Points