bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subduction initiation of the western Paleo-Asian Ocean linked to global tectonic reorganization: Insights from Cambrian island-arc magmatism within the West Junggar, NW China
Authors: Zhang Yunying , Sun Min , Yin Jiyuan , Yuan Chao , Sun Zhen , Xia Xiaoping 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The subduction initiation associated with the beginning of accretionary orogens has been thought to be related to global plate reorganization. To characterize the initial subduction within the western Central Asian Orogenic Belt, this integrated study focuses on Cambrian tholeiitic to calc-alkaline plutons in the Barleik-Mayile-Saleinuohai area of West Junggar, NW China. Zircon U-Pb results of felsic plutons reveal a wide range (511–488 Ma) of ages with older ages up to 514–511 Ma. The felsic rocks exhibit variable SiO2 (53.0–77.4 wt%) and K2O (0.05– 2.24 wt%) contents and can be classified as diorite, granodiorite, trondhjemite, and tonalite. On the basis of their low TiO2 (0.12– 0.71 wt%) contents and characteristic trace element trends as well as high zircon εHf(t) (+10.5 to +14.5) and mantle-like zircon δ18O (5.0 ± 0.48‰ to 5.4 ± 0.43‰, two standard deviations) values, we interpret that the Cambrian felsic rocks have diverse origins, involving differentiation of arc basalts and partial melting of subducted oceanic crust, arc mafic crust, and metasomatized mantle wedge. The Saleinuohai gabbroic pluton shows zircon δ18O ratios from 4.2 to 4.7‰, which are lower than those of igneous zircons in equilibrium with mantle and thus reflect modification of their mantle source by hydrothermal fluids with seawater-like oxygen isotopes at high temperature. Combined with regional data, we propose that the West Junggar arc represents the extending of the Boshchekul-Chingiz arc in the Early Cambrian, defining a long (&gt;1000 km) E-W–trending subduction zone. The earliest island-arc tholeiitic felsic plutons in the West Junggar took place at ca. 514–511 Ma, which, coupled with other early subduction records (e.g., 530 Ma SSZ-type Kopu-relisay ophiolites) in the western Paleo-Asian Ocean, indicates that initial stages of subduction of the western Paleo-Asian Ocean probably occurred in the Early Cambrian. The simultaneity between the initial subduction of the western Paleo-Asian Ocean, Gondwana assembly, and Laurasia breakup suggests a causal link between the three, collectively correlated to a global plate adjustment event.
Randomised controlled trial of active case management to link hepatitis C notifications to treatment in Tasmania, Australia: a study protocol
Authors: Marukutira Tafireyi , Moore Karen P , Hellard Margaret , Richmond Jacqui , Turner Kate , Pedrana A E , Melody Shannon , Johnston Fay H , Owen Louise , Van Den Boom Wijnand , Scott N , Thompson Alexander , Iser David , Spelman Tim , Veitch Mark , Stoové Mark A , Doyle Joseph 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionBy subsidising access to direct acting antivirals (DAAs) for all people living with hepatitis C (HCV) in 2016, Australia is positioned to eliminate HCV as a public health threat. However, uptake of DAAs has declined over recent years and new initiatives are needed to engage people living with HCV in care. Active follow-up of HCV notifications by the health department to the notifying general practitioner (GP) may increase treatment uptake. In this study, we explore the impact of using hepatitis C notifications systems to engage diagnosing GPs and improve patient access to treatment.Methods and analysisThis study is a randomised controlled trial comparing enhanced case management of HCV notifications with standard of care. The intervention includes phone calls from a department of health (DoH) specialist HCV nurse to notifying GPs and offering HCV management support. The level of support requested by the GP was graded in complexity: level 1: HCV information only; level 2: follow-up testing advice; level 3: prescription support including linkage to specialist clinicians and level 4: direct patient contact. The study population includes all GPs in Tasmania who notified HCV diagnosis to the DoH between September 2020 and December 2021. The primary outcome is proportion of HCV cases who initiate DAAs after 12 weeks of HCV notification to the health department. Secondary outcomes are proportion of HCV notifications that complete HCV RNA testing, treatment workup and treatment completion. Multiple logistic regression modelling will explore factors associated with the primary and secondary outcomes. The sample size required to detect a significant difference for the primary outcome is 85 GPs in each arm with a two-sided alpha of 0.05% and 80% power.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by University of Tasmania’s Human Research Ethics Committee (Protocol ID: 18418) on 17 December 2019. Results of the project will be presented in scientific meetings and published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT04510246.Trial progressionThe study commenced recruitment in September 2020 and end of study expected December 2021.
DNA methylation profiles differ in responders versus non-responders to anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with advanced and metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Starzer Angelika Martina , Heller Gerwin , Tomasich Erwin , Melchardt Thomas , Feldmann Katharina , Hatziioannou Teresa , Traint Stefan , Minichsdorfer Christoph , Schwarz-Nemec Ursula , Nackenhorst Maja , Müllauer Leonhard , Preusser Matthias , Berghoff Anna Sophie , Fuereder Thorsten 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundBiomarkers for response prediction to anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are urgently needed for a personalized therapy approach. We investigated the predictive potential of inflammatory parameters and DNA methylation profiling in patients with HNSCC treated with anti-PD-1 ICI.MethodsWe identified patients with HNSCC that were treated with anti-PD-1 ICI therapy in the recurrent or metastatic setting after progression to platinum-based chemotherapy in two independent centers. We analyzed DNA methylation profiles of >850.000 CpG sites in tumor specimens of these patients by Infinium MethylationEPIC microarrays, immune cell density in the tumor microenvironment (CD8, CD3, CD45RO, forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), CD68), PD-1 and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression by immunohistochemistry, and blood inflammation markers (platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, leucocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio). DNA methylation profiles and immunological markers were bioinformatically and statistically correlated with radiological response to anti-PD-1 ICI.Results37 patients with HNSCC (median age of 62 years; range 49–83; 8 (21.6%) women, 29 (78.4%) men) were included (Center 1 N=26, 70.3%; Center 2 N=11, 29.7%). Median number of prior systemic therapies was 1 (range 1–4). Five out of 37 (13.5%) patients achieved an objective response to ICI. Median progression-free survival and median overall survival times were 3.7 months (range 0–22.9) and 9.0 months (range 0–38.8), respectively. Microarray analyses revealed a methylation signature including both hypomethylation and hypermethylation which was predictive for response to ICI and included several genes involved in cancer-related molecular pathways. Over-represented differentially methylated genes between responders and non-responders were associated with ‘Axon guidance’, ‘Hippo signaling’, ‘Pathways in cancer’ and ‘MAPK signaling’. A statistically significant correlation of PD-L1 expression and response was present (p=0.0498).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that tumor DNA methylation profiling may be useful to predict response to ICI in patients with HNSCC.
Survey of surgical critical care applicant and program director views on virtual interviews for fellowship training: a Surgical Critical Care Program Directors Society sponsored study
Authors: Zebley James A , Chang Parker , Cohn Ellen , Kaups Krista L , Chiu William , Sarani Babak 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic forced postgraduate interview processes to move to a virtual platform. There are no studies on the opinions of faculty and applicants regarding this format. The aim of this study was to assess the opinions of surgical critical care (SCC) applicants and program directors regarding the virtual versus in-person interview process.MethodsAn anonymous survey of the SCC Program Director’s Society members and applicants to the 2019 (in-person) and 2020 (virtual) interview cycles was done. Demographic data and Likert scale based responses were collected using Research Electronic Data Capture.ResultsFellowship and program director responses rates were 25% (137/550) and 58% (83/143), respectively. Applicants in the 2020 application cycle attended more interviews. The majority of applicants (57%) and program faculty (67%) strongly liked/liked the virtual interview format but felt an in-person format allows better assessment of the curriculum and culture of the program. Both groups felt that an in-person format allows applicants and faculty to establish rapport better. Only 9% and 16% of SCC program directors wanted a purely virtual or purely in-person interview process, respectively. Applicants were nearly evenly split between preferring a purely in-person versus virtual interviews in the future.DiscussionThe virtual interview format allows applicants and program directors to screen a larger number of programs and applications. However, the virtual format is less useful than an in-person interview format for describing unique aspects of a training program and for allowing faculty and applicants to establish rapport. Future strategies using both formats may be optimal, but such an approach requires further study.Level of evidenceEpidemiologic level IV
Internal dynamics in condensed matter, as studied by spin relaxation: some examples from 75 years
Authors: Karlsson Erik B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe present year 2021 celebrates the 75th anniversary of the nuclear magnetic resonance method (NMR), which has had an immense importance for several branches of physics, chemistry and biology. The splitting of resonances and the shifts in their positions are seemingly inexhaustible sources of information for organic chemistry and biology. It was first introduced for the study ofnuclear spinsand their associated magnetic properties and when it was observed that resonance lines were broadened by the action of fluctuating local magnetic fields it was first seen as a limitation for the exact determination of nuclear properties. However, it was soon realized that the broadening contained important information on the dynamics of atoms, molecules or cooperative spin systems surrounding the nuclei and spin perturbations became a well-developed tool for investigation of internal dynamics in liquids and solids, over time-ranges from seconds down to femtoseconds. The present article is an attempt to review this latter line of development and to pick out a series of examples of internal dynamics in different physical systems published over the past 75 years. Examples include motions of particles in solids, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), critical phenomena around phase transitions, functioning of biomolecules and recent applications to spintronics and quantum computing. Other spin-based spectroscopies followed in the tracks of NMR with use ofelectron spins(in electron spin resonance ESR also called electron paramagnetic resonance EPR, and ferromagnetic resonance, FMR),excited nuclear states(by observation of perturbations in angular correlation of gamma-rays, PAC) and later alsomuon spins(muon spin relaxation, MuSR), from which other examples are selected.
Modified Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy Technique for Type II Achalasia: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Zhang Huahui , Wang Kuangjing , Fang Ying , Xiong Zhe , Lin Min , Jiang Lifeng , Niu Qiuya , Huang Jin 
Published: March 2022

Aim. This retrospective study is aimed at evaluating the outcomes of a modified peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) technique in patients with type II achalasia. Methods. We performed a modified POEM procedure, which involved a shorter (total myotomy

length
=
4

cm

), full-thickness myotomy, on 31 patients with type II achalasia. Clinical success rates, technical success rates, pre- and postoperative esophageal manometry results, complications, and reflux-related adverse events were evaluated. Results. The clinical success (

Eckardt

score
≤
3

) rates were 100% and 88.9% within 2 years and beyond 2 years postoperatively, respectively. The median lower esophageal sphincter pressures (LESP) decreased from 31.6 (26.7-49.7) mmHg preoperatively to 13.4 (10.5-21.6) and 11.8 (7.4-16.7) mmHg (

P
<
0.001

) at 6 and 12 months postoperatively, respectively. The median integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) decreased from 27.8 (20.6-37.5) mmHg preoperatively to 12.9 (11.3-23.4) and 11.6 (9.6-16.8) mmHg (

P
<
0.001

) at 6 and 12 months after POEM, respectively. Only one case (3.2%) of mucosal injury, four (12.9%) cases of reflux esophagitis, and two (6.5%) cases of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms were reported. Conclusions. The modified POEM technique showed excellent outcomes in patients with type II achalasia.
Research on Optimization of Food Industry Processing Process Based on Computational Intelligence
Authors: Li Manli , Li Shuo 
Published: March 2022

Computational intelligence refers to an algorithm inspired by the body structure of natural animals and plants and unique landscapes. It can perform simultaneous multithreaded work. In the processing process of the food industry, multiple factors must be considered at the same time to optimize various parameters simultaneously. Therefore, this research combines computational intelligence algorithms with the processing flow of the food industry, conducts research on the optimization of food processing systems and processes, and fully understands the needs of the market, the competitiveness of the company’s products, and the people facing marketing. The MA-CI model was used to optimize the entire process of food processing and production, and multiple variables were integrated. The following conclusions were drawn: (1) When the

node

size
=
100

, calculate the optimal value of the intelligent model

MA
−
CI

=
0.3196

, the

worst

value
=
0.3120

, and the

average

plus
−
minus

variance
=
0.3155
±
4.6278
×

10

−
6

, in each index. Both are better than the Greedy algorithm model and the EA model. When the

node

size
=
200

, the optimal value of the calculation intelligence model

MA
−
CI

=
0.3050

, the

worst

value
=
0.2900

, and the

average

plus

and

minus

variance
=
0.2970
±
8.9251
×

10

−
6

; when the

node

size
=
300

, the calculation intelligence model (MA-CI)

optimal

value
=
0.2608

, the

worst

value
=
0.2499

, and the

mean

plus
−
minus

variance
=
0.2551
±
1.0028
×

10

−
5

; when the

node

size
=
500

, calculate the optimal value of intelligent model

MA
−
CI

=
0.2857

, the

worst

value
=
0.2812

, and the

mean

plus

and

minus

variance
=
0.2834
±
2.8230
×

10

−
6

. (2) In the electronic circuit network, calculate the intelligent model (MA-CI):

Rc
=
0.3174

,

NMI
=
0.7388

,

Δ
Ec
=
0

, and

k
=
14.43

; in the USAir network, the computational intelligence model (MA-CI) is as follows:

Rc
=
0.3041

,

NMI
=
0.8632

,

Δ
Ec
=
0

, and

k
=
7.43

; the computational intelligence model (the uniqueness and optimality of MA-CI) has resulted in the optimal solution for the optimization of the global machining process. (3) Using six online databases to predict and verify the MA-CI model for process optimization in the food industry, it was found that the MA-CI model for process optimization in the food industry was better than the standard value. (4) Perform performance testing on the optimized MA-CI model. It is found that under the MA-CI model,

MUTAG
=
98.2
±
4.3

,

ENZYMES
=
96.2
±
4.3

,

PTC
=
85.2
±
4.3

,

PROTEINS
=
82.0
±
3.2

,

NCI
1
=
80.2
±
2.0

, and

D
&
D
=
91.9
±
0.5

, which are better than the other models. The optimized MA-CI model can control the profit problem in food processing and production, and it is found that the MA-CI model can make the enterprise obtain the maximum profit in the shortest period.
Outcomes With Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitor Use After Left Ventricular Assist Device: An STS-INTERMACS Analysis
Authors: Grandin E. Wilson , Gulati Gaurav , Nunez Jose I. , Kennedy Kevin , Rame J. Eduardo , Atluri Pavan , Pagani Francis D. , Kirklin James K. , Kormos Robert L. , Teuteberg Jeffrey , Kiernan Michael S. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Elevated right ventricular afterload following continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) may contribute to late right heart failure (LRHF). PDE5i (phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors) are used to treat pulmonary hypertension and right heart dysfunction after CF-LVAD, but their impact on outcomes is uncertain.

Methods:
We queried Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support from 2012 to 2017 for adults receiving a primary CF-LVAD and surviving ≥30 days from index discharge. Patients receiving early PDE5i (ePDE5i) at 1 month were propensity-matched 1:1 with controls. The primary outcome was the cumulative incidence of LRHF, defined using prevailing Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support criteria; secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality and major bleeding.

Results:

Among 9627 CF-LVAD recipients analyzed, 2463 (25.6%) received ePDE5i and 1600 were propensity-matched 1:1 with controls. Before implant, ePDE5i patients had more severe RV dysfunction (13.1% versus 9.6%) and higher pulmonary vascular resistance (2.8±2.7 versus 2.2±2.4 WU), both
P
<0.001, but clinical factors were well-balanced after propensity-matching. In the unmatched cohort, ePDE5i patients had a higher 3-year cumulative incidence of LRHF, mortality, and major bleeding, but these differences were attenuated in the propensity-matched cohort: LRHF 40.8% versus 35.7% (hazard ratio, 1.14 [95% CI, 0.99–1.32];
P
=0.07); mortality 38.6% versus 35.8% (hazard ratio, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.86–1.15];
P
=0.93); major bleeding 51.2% versus 46.0% (hazard ratio, 1.12 [95% CI, 0.99–1.27];
P
=0.06).

Conclusions:
Compared with propensity-matched controls, adult CF-LVAD patients receiving ePDE5i had similar rates of LRHF, mortality, and major bleeding. While intrinsic patient risk factors likely account for more adverse outcomes with ePDE5i in the unmatched cohort, there is no obvious benefit of ePDE5i in the LVAD population.
Percolation may explain efficiency, robustness, and economy of the brain
Authors: Tian Yang , Sun Pei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The brain consists of billions of neurons connected by ultra-dense synapses, showing remarkable efficiency, robust flexibility, and economy in information processing. It is generally believed that these advantageous properties are rooted in brain connectivity; however, direct evidence remains absent owing to technical limitations or theoretical vacancy. This research explores the origins of these properties in the largest yet brain connectome of the fruit fly. We reveal that functional connectivity formation in the brain can be explained by a percolation process controlled by synaptic excitation-inhibition (E/I) balance. By increasing the E/I balance gradually, we discover the emergence of these properties as byproducts of percolation transition when the E/I balance arrives at 3:7. As the E/I balance keeps increase, an optimal E/I balance 1:1 is unveiled to ensure these three properties simultaneously, consistent with previous in vitro experimental predictions. Once the E/I balance reaches over 3:2, an intrinsic limitation of these properties determined by static (anatomical) brain connectivity can be observed. Our work demonstrates that percolation, a universal characterization of critical phenomena and phase transitions, may serve as a window toward understanding the emergence of various brain properties.
What Can We Learn about SARS-CoV-2 Prevalence from Testing and Hospital Data?
Authors: Sacks Daniel W. , Menachemi Nir , Embí Peter , Wing Coady 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Measuring the prevalence of active SARS-CoV-2 infections in the general population is difficult because tests are conducted on a small and nonrandom segment of the population. However, hospitalized patients are tested at very high rates, even those admitted for non-COVID reasons. We show how to use information on testing of non-COVID hospitalized patients to obtain tight bounds on population prevalence, under conditions weaker than those usually used. We apply our approach to the population of test and hospitalization data for Indiana, and we validate our approach. Our bounds could be constructed at relatively low cost, and for other heavily tested populations.
Raising Health Awareness in Rural Communities: A Randomized Experiment in Bangladesh and India
Authors: Siddique Abu , Rahman Tabassum , Pakrashi Debayan , Islam Asad , Ahmed Firoz 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Delivering validated information to rural areas is a major challenge in low-income countries. In this paper, we study information provision to rural communities in the context of a global outbreak of an infectious disease—COVID-19. Two weeks after the initial lockdown in March 2020, we conducted a randomized experiment in rural Bangladesh and India to disseminate health information over the phone. We find that relative to information provided via SMS, phone calls can significantly improve people’s awareness and compliance with health guidelines. We also find compliance to be substantially higher among women, which also persists after three months of the campaign.
SLA-Based Orthogonal Parallel Detection of Global Rotationally Coherent Lagrangian Vortices
Authors: Tian Fenglin , Wang Mengjiao , Liu Xiao , He Qiu , Chen Ge 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we present a highly effective orthogonal parallel algorithm for identifying global rotationally coherent Lagrangian vortices (RCLVs) in heterogeneous systems and a long-time-scale global sea level anomaly (SLA)-based RCLVs product. First, a many-core parallel computing method is used to accelerate the Lagrangian-averaged vorticity deviation (LAVD) computing process. The computation is approximately 8000 times faster than that of a previous method. Second, the global LAVD field is divided into several regions. These regions are searched with a multiprocess CPU parallel pool to identify simultaneously RCLVs. All the identified RCLVs in these regions are merged seamlessly into a global eddy map. The algorithm improves the global RCLV identification efficiency, making the proposed method approximately 20 times faster than a single-threaded method. The LAVD many-core computing method and the RCLV multiprocess parallel method are orthogonally combined. The resulting algorithm is at least 500 times faster than previous nonparallel methods, making the computing of global RCLVs feasible. Third, the advection of Lagrangian particles in RCLVs and Eulerian eddies is analyzed to demonstrate the material coherence of RCLVs and the reliability of our algorithm. Finally, a global RCLVs product from 1993 to 2019 containing 52 567 eddies is produced with a 90-day time interval. This is the first time that a long-time-scale global Lagrangian eddy product has been presented.