bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repeat, fast, and high-resolution mapping of fine-scale trace element distribution in pyrite and marcasite by LA-Q-ICP-MS with the Aerosol Rapid Introduction System (ARIS)
Authors: Reynolds Merilie A. , Kamber Balz S. , McKenna Cora A. , Oelze Marcus , Gleeson Sarah A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe minor and trace element composition of minerals provides critical insights into a variety of geological processes. Multi-element mapping by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is an important technique applied for this purpose and although the method is rapidly advancing, there remains a fundamental compromise between spatial resolution, detection limit, and experiment duration when using sequential mass analyzers. To address the limitation of limited analyte selection for high spatial resolution maps imposed by the sequential nature of typical quadrupole (Q)-ICP-MS, we tested the Aerosol Rapid Introduction System (ARIS) for repeat mapping of the same area. The ARIS is a high-speed transfer tubing system that reduces aerosol washout times, permitting resolution of individual pulses at 40–60 Hz. Here, the ARIS was tested not for pulse resolution but with novel operating conditions optimized to perform fast, high spatial resolution mapping of minor and trace element distribution in pyrite and marcasite. For this purpose, ablation was conducted with a 5 µm beam aperture, a repetition rate of 50 Hz, and a continuous stage scan speed of 40 µm s−1. For each LA-Q-ICP-MS map, data were acquired for six elements with an acquisition time of 20 ms per element. This deliberately reduced the individual pulse resolution of the ARIS but instead exploited the spatial resolution and sensitivity gains afforded by the high-laser repetition rate combined with efficient aerosol transfer. The new method successfully mapped trace elements at single to double-digit parts per million levels, and the maps reveal fine-scale zoning of trace elements with an effective x and y resolution of 5 µm, while white light interferometry showed that for each experiment, only ca. 1 µm of the sample was removed. Repeated mapping of the same area showed excellent correspondence not only between element concentrations in successive experiments but also in the shape, dimension, and location of regions of interest defined by concentration criteria. The very good repeatability of the elemental maps indicates that for studies requiring more analytes, successive mapping of additional elements is possible. By contrast with conventional very small spot (i.e., 5 µm) analysis, fast repetition rate and stage scan speed mapping avoids down-hole fractionation effects and minimizes accidental analysis of buried invisible inclusions. Compared to conventional LA-ICP-MS mapping, the method reduces the experiment time by 4–8 times.
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of n-Hexane Extract of Bilajang Bulu (Merremia Vitifolia) Leaves
Authors: Tahya Candra Yulius , Karnelasatri Karnelasatri 
Published: February 2022

One of the most effective treatments for diabetes mellitus is to inhibit α-glucosidase, which inhibits glucose absorption by the epithelium membrane of the small intestine. In South Sulawesi, Indonesia, Merremia vitifolia is used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes. The aims of this study are to (1) assess the extract's ability to inhibit α - glucosidase and (2) identify volatile organic compounds in n-hexane of Merremia vitifolia extract. Extraction was conducted by maceration. The inhibitory activity of quercetin towards α-glucosidase has the IC50 = 2.53 ± 0.16 µg/mL, and by n-Hexane extract of Merremia vitifolia leaves has the IC50 = 14.4 ± 1.52 µg/mL. Then, n-Hexane extract of Merremia vitifolia leaves has strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The compounds that have been identified based on Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis with similarity index ≥ 89% which are caryophyllene (0.94%), (E)-β-famesene (4.72%), neophytadiene (9.78%), phytol (65.94%), 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid (6.71%), 1,5-cyclodecadiene (6.76%), squalene (4.48%), stigmasterol (4.08%), γ-sitosterol (10.20%), Serratol (23.12%), vitamin E (2.78%) and lup-20(29)-en-3-one (21.04%). Based on a literature study, the presence of phytol, neophytadiene, β-caryophyllene, stigmasterol, γ-sitosterol, and lup-20(29)-en-3-one have contributed to the strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of n-Hexane extract of Merremia vitifolia leaves.
Prediction of water source and water volume of underground reservoir in coal mine under multiple aquifers
Authors: Chi Mingbo , Cao Zhiguo , Wu Baoyang , Li Quansheng , Zhang Yong , Wu Yang , Wang Lujun , Yang Yi , Zhang Bao , Li Haixiang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The role of coal mine underground reservoirs (CMUR) in ‘guide storage and use’ greatly solves the problem of mine water waste. Replenishment and prediction of reservoir water sources provide an important support for the successful development of key technologies concerning CMUR. To study water replenishment for CMUR, the hydrogeological conditions of the Shendong mining area were investigated as an example. Based on the relationship between the development height of the ‘two belts’ of shallow coal seams and the relative occurrence of location of aquifers, the aquifers are generalized and classified according to occurrences location. Taking Bulianta coal mine as the research background, a discrete element fluid–solid coupling numerical simulation model is constructed to analyze the development characteristics of mining-induced fractures after coal seam mining, and the water replenishment channel of the CMUR is determined. On this basis, analysis is made on the change law of water pressure in the aquifer, aquifuge and coal seam roof under mining action. Taking hydraulic head pressure and water velocity as the judgment basis, prediction and evaluation are made on the water replenishment capacity of CMUR. The research results can provide references for coal mine safety production and mine water protection and utilization.
Microbial population changes and metabolic shift of candidatus accumulibacter under low temperature and limiting polyphosphate
Authors: Zheng Jianfeng , Wang Nan , Zhao Ledan , Li Yajing , Yu Jingjie , Wang Shaopo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This study explored the microbial population dynamics of Accumulibacter (Acc) at low temperature and metabolic shift to limiting polyphosphate (Poly-P) in enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) system. The Accumulibacter-enriched EBPR systems, fed with acetate (HAc) and propionate (HPr) at 10 ± 1 °C respectively, were operated for 60 days in two identical SBR reactors (SBR-1 and SBR-2). The phosphorus removal performance in two systems was stable at 10 ± 1 °C, while the microbial community structure changed. Compared with the population structure in seed sludge, Accumulibacter clades reduced in the HAc system, while Acc I increased significantly in the HPr system. Low temperature was beneficial to the formation of granular sludge in the EBPR system, and the sludge granulation in the HAc system was more homogeneous than that in the HPr system. Accumulibacter in the HPr system can get ATP through glycogen accumulating metabolism (GAM) under limiting Poly-P condition at 10 ± 1 °C, while that in the HAc system cannot. This work suggests that poly-P levels can affect the metabolic pathway of Accumulibacter in EBPR systems under low temperature.
Comparing statistical process control charts for fault detection in wastewater treatment
Authors: Marais H. L. , Zaccaria V. , Odlare M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Fault detection is an important part of process supervision, especially in processes where there are strict requirements on the process outputs like in wastewater treatment. Statistical control charts such as Shewhart charts, cumulative sum (CUSUM) charts, and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) charts are common univariate fault detection methods. These methods have different strengths and weaknesses that are dependent on the characteristics of the fault. To account for this the methods in their base forms were tested with drift and bias sensor faults of different sizes to determine the overall performance of each method. Additionally, the faults were detected using two different sensors in the system to see how the presence of active process control influenced fault detectability. The EWMA method performed best for both fault types, specifically the drift faults, with a low false alarm rate and good detection time in comparison to the other methods. It was shown that decreasing the detection time can effectively reduce excess energy consumption caused by sensor faults. Additionally, it was shown that monitoring a manipulated variable has advantages over monitoring a controlled variable as set-point tracking hides faults on controlled variables; lower missed detection rates are observed using manipulated variables.
An Innovative Approach in Nanotechnology-based Delivery System for the Effective
Management of Psoriasis
Authors: Parveen Shaheen , Ahmed Musheer , Baboota Sanjula , Ali Javed 
Published: February 2022

Introduction:
Psoriasis is an incurable, non-contagious inflammatory autoimmune skin disease characterised
by abnormal skin redness and flaky patches on the body surface. It is caused by negative signals produced
by the immune system, leading to excessive growth and differentiation of keratinocytes and other inflammatory
reactions on the skin. The topical route is primarily preferred in treating skin disorders due to the
smaller size of the drug molecule, which allows them to cross the outer layer of the skin, i.e., stratum corneum,
and permeate into the deep layer, unlike transdermal and other routes. The conventional topical treatments used
in the past, such as coal tar and dithranol, lead to meager patient compliance due to decreased potency and imperfect
aesthetic. In contrast, systemic therapy such as methotrexate, cyclosporine, and acitretin produce related
side effects. At present, various novel carriers like liposomes, ethosomes, niosomes, nanostructured lipid carriers,
etc., have shown promising results in the treatment of psoriasis. Therefore, this review primarily concentrates
on the current advancements in novel carriers for various drugs to treat psoriasis topically.

Area covere:
The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiology, epidemiology,
types, causes, diagnosis, and topical treatment options for psoriasis, as well as the role of nanotechnology-
based delivery systems in psoriasis management.
Palladium-Catalysed Intermolecular Direct C–H Bond Arylation of Heteroarenes
with Reagents Alternative to Aryl Halides: Current State of the Art
Authors: Rossi Renzo , Ciofalo Maurizio 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
This unprecedented review with 322 references provides a critical up-to-date picture of the Pd-catalysed intermolecular direct C–H bond arylation of heteroarenes with arylating reagents alternative to aryl halides that include aryl sulfonates (aryl triflates, tosylates, mesylates, and imidazole-1-sulfonates), diaryliodonium salts, [(diacetoxy)iodo]arenes, arenediazonium salts, 1-aryltriazenes, arylhydrazines and N’-arylhydrazides, arenesulfonyl chlorides, sodium arenesulfinates, arenesulfinic acids, and arenesulfonohydrazides. Particular attention has been paid to summarise the preparation of the various arylating reagents and to highlight the practicality, versatility, and limitations of the various developed arylation protocols, also comparing their results with those achieved in analogous Pd-catalysed arylation reactions involving the use of aryl halides as electrophiles. Mechanistic proposals have also been briefly summarised and discussed. However,
data concerning Pd-catalysed direct C–H bond arylations involving the C–H bonds of aryl substituents of the examined heteroarene derivatives have not been taken into account.
Treating to Target Glycaemia in Type 2 Diabetes Pregnancy
Authors: Yamamoto Jennifer M. , Murphy Helen R. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT:
There is an increasing awareness that in those who develop early-onset (18-39 years)
adult type 2 diabetes, an increase in insulin resistance, deterioration in beta-cell, and clustering of
cardiovascular risk factors are particularly pronounced. Pregnant women with type 2 diabetes have
additional risk factors for serious adverse pregnancy outcomes as well as added barriers regarding
healthcare access before, during, and after pregnancy. Compared to pregnant women with type 1
diabetes, those with type 2 diabetes are older, have higher body mass index (BMI), with more metabolic
comorbidities and concomitant medications, are more likely to belong to minority ethnic
groups, and live in the highest areas of socio-economic deprivation. Approximately, one in seven
pregnant women with type 2 diabetes (median age 34 years) are taking ACE-inhibitors, statins
(13%), and/or other potentially harmful diabetes therapies (7%). Fewer than one in four are taking
a high dose of folic acid before pregnancy, which may suggest that planning for pregnancy is not a
priority for women themselves, their healthcare professionals, or the healthcare system. Knowledge
of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and unique management considerations of early-onset type
2 diabetes is essential to providing evidence-based care to pregnant women with type 2 diabetes.
This narrative review will discuss contemporary data regarding type 2 diabetes pregnancy outcomes
and the increasing recognition that different types of diabetes may require different treatment
strategies before, during, and after pregnancy.
Polyphenols as the Potential Disease-modifying Therapy in Cancer
Authors: Rogovskii Vladimir 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Disease-modifying therapy in cancer can be defined as long-term treatment that has a beneficial
outcome on the course of cancer, affecting the underlying pathophysiology of cancer. The anticancer potential of
polyphenols is widely studied. However, there is a significant gap between experimental data obtained in vitro and in
vivo and the current role of polyphenols in cancer therapy.

Objective:
In this article, the reason for this inconsistency is discussed, which might be in the design of polyphenols
clinical trials. The approach of long-term polyphenol disease-modifying therapy in cancer is encouraged.

Conclusion:
The physiologic concentrations of polyphenols are not sufficient for reaching cytotoxic levels. Therefore,
the immune modulation and effects on cancer signal transduction pathways should be considered in the design of polyphenol
clinical trials. Such effects apparently can not cause the rapid regression of the disease. However, more likely,
they can modulate the course of the disease, leading to favorable changes in the patient's condition in case of long-term
treatment.
A 3-Year-Old Boy with an Xp21 Deletion Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Sadeghmousavi Shaghayegh , Shahkarami Sepideh , Rayzan Elham , Ahmed Souran , Gharalari Farzaneh Hosseini , Rohlfs Meino , Klein Christoph , Rezaei Nima 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Chromosome Xp21 deletion syndrome is a rare X-linked recessive defect that occurs as a result of multiple gene deletions, including Glycerol kinase (GK) and its neighboring genes, dystrophin, which causes Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), and NR0B1, which causes congenital adrenal hypoplasia (CAHhttps://www.omim.org/entry/300200). Patients usually present with glycerol kinase deficiency, congenital adrenal hypoplasia, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, hyperglycerolemia, and glyceroluria, associated with DMD and/or CAH, growth failure, myopathy, osteoporosis, mental retardation, and psychomotor retardation.

Case Presentation:
Herein, we report a 3-year- old boy from Iraq who had bloody diarrhea, food intolerance and abdominal cramp, adrenal insufficiency, recurrent fevers, tuberculosis (TB) infection, cervical abscess, oral thrush, cervical and mediastinal lymphadenopathies, developmental delay, and undescended testis. His parents are non-consanguine and had no family history of diseases. Next generation sequencing demonstrated a hemizygote deletion in chromosome X.

Conclusion:
Loss of a large part of the X-chromosome most likely can explain the clinical findings of this patient. Contiguous gene deletion syndrome in Xp21 should be considered after diagnosing adrenal insufficiency to treat metabolic complications efficiently.
Effectiveness of a Pharmacist-Led Web-Based Medication Adherence Tool With Patient-Centered Communication: Results of a Clustered Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: van Lieshout Jan , Lacroix Joyca , van Halteren Aart , Teichert Martina 
Published: February 2022

Background
Growing numbers of people use medication for chronic conditions; nonadherence is common, leading to poor disease control. A web-based tool to identify an increased risk for nonadherence with related potential individual barriers might facilitate tailored interventions and improve adherence.

Objective
This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a newly developed tool aimed at improving medication adherence.

Methods
We performed a cluster randomized controlled trial in patients initiating cardiovascular or oral blood glucose–lowering medication. Participants were recruited from community pharmacies. They completed an online questionnaire comprising assessments of their risk for medication nonadherence and subsequently of barriers to adherence. In pharmacies belonging to the intervention group, individual barriers displayed in a graphical profile on a tablet were discussed by pharmacists and patients with high nonadherence risk in face-to-face meetings and shared with their general practitioners and practice nurses. Tailored interventions were initiated by pharmacists. Barriers of control patients were not presented nor discussed and these patients received usual care. The primary outcome was the effectiveness of the intervention on medication adherence at 8 months’ follow-up between patients with an increased nonadherence risk from the intervention and control groups, calculated from dispensing data.

Results
Data from 492 participants in 15 community pharmacies were available for analyses (intervention 253, 7 pharmacies; control 239, 8 pharmacies). The intervention had no effect on medication adherence (B=–0.01; 95% CI –0.59 to 0.57; P=.96), nor in the post hoc per-protocol analysis (B=0.19; 95% CI –0.50 to 0.89; P=.58).

Conclusions
This study showed no effectiveness of a risk stratification and tailored intervention addressing personal barriers for medication adherence. Various potential explanations for lack of effectiveness were identified. These explanations relate, for instance, to high medication adherence in the control group, study power, and fidelity. Process evaluation should elicit possible improvements and inform the redesign of intervention and implementation.

Trial Registration
The Netherlands National Trial Register NTR5186; https://tinyurl.com/5d8w99hk
A Bayesian Network to Predict the Risk of Post Influenza Vaccination Guillain-Barré Syndrome: Development and Validation Study
Authors: Huang Yun , Luo Chongliang , Jiang Ying , Du Jingcheng , Tao Cui , Chen Yong , Hao Yuantao 
Published: February 2022

Background
Identifying the key factors of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and predicting its occurrence are vital for improving the prognosis of patients with GBS. However, there are scarcely any publications on a forewarning model of GBS. A Bayesian network (BN) model, which is known to be an accurate, interpretable, and interaction-sensitive graph model in many similar domains, is worth trying in GBS risk prediction.

Objective
The aim of this study is to determine the most significant factors of GBS and further develop and validate a BN model for predicting GBS risk.

Methods
Large-scale influenza vaccine postmarketing surveillance data, including 79,165 US (obtained from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System between 1990 and 2017) and 12,495 European (obtained from the EudraVigilance system between 2003 and 2016) adverse events (AEs) reports, were extracted for model development and validation. GBS, age, gender, and the top 50 prevalent AEs were included for initial BN construction using the R package bnlearn.

Results
Age, gender, and 10 AEs were identified as the most significant factors of GBS. The posttest probability of GBS suggested that male vaccinees aged 50-64 years and without erythema should be on the alert or be warned by clinicians about an increased risk of GBS, especially when they also experience symptoms of asthenia, hypesthesia, muscular weakness, or paresthesia. The established BN model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.866 (95% CI 0.865-0.867), sensitivity of 0.752 (95% CI 0.749-0.756), specificity of 0.882 (95% CI 0.879-0.885), and accuracy of 0.882 (95% CI 0.879-0.884) for predicting GBS risk during the internal validation and obtained values of 0.829, 0.673, 0.854, and 0.843 for area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, respectively, during the external validation.

Conclusions
The findings of this study illustrated that a BN model can effectively identify the most significant factors of GBS, improve understanding of the complex interactions among different postvaccination symptoms through its graphical representation, and accurately predict the risk of GBS. The established BN model could further assist clinical decision-making by providing an estimated risk of GBS for a specific vaccinee or be developed into an open-access platform for vaccinees’ self-monitoring.
Practice Profiles and Patterns of Ontario Family Medicine Residents 5 Years After Residency Examinations: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Pereira José , Hogg William , Graves Erin , Kljujic Dragan , Archibald Douglas , Oandasan Ivy , Glazier Richard H. 
Published: February 2022

Background and Objectives: The primary goal of family medicine residency training is for graduates to provide high-quality, safe, and effective patient care for the population they serve when they enter practice. This study explores (a) the practice profiles, 5 years into practice, of residents who completed family medicine training in Ontario, Canada; and (b) relationships between performance on the College of Family Physicians of Canada’s (CFPC) Certification Examination in Family Medicine and quality of care provided 5 years into practice.
Methods: We performed a retrospective study with secondary data analysis. We merged CFPC examination data sets with the ICES (Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences) administrative database. We included physicians who passed the examination between the years 2000 and 2010 and practiced in Ontario after graduation. Practice profile indicators included practice type, continuity and comprehensiveness of care, patient rostering and panel size, and rurality index. We explored 11 indicators related to management of diabetes and cancer screening.
Results: We included a total of 1,983 physicians in the analyses. Five years after the examinations, 74.3% of the physicians were working in major urban centers, and 67.3% of the physicians were providing comprehensive primary care. We noted significant differences across the six medical schools in multiple practice profile indicators, and three indicators showed significant differences across the examination score quintiles.
Conclusions: Graduates of Ontario family medicine residency programs were providing care to a broad spectrum of the population 5 years after passing the examination, and they performed similarly across quality-of-care indicators regardless of examination scores.