bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tropaeline O‐oxalic acid‐benzalkonium chloride photogalvanic cells for solar energy conversion and storage
Authors: Koli Pooran , Kumar Rajendra , Dayma Yashodhara , Pareek Ramesh K. , Meena Anita , Jonwal Meenakshi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe photogalvanic (PG) cells involve a change in the electrode potential by photochemical processes along with the diffusion of ionic species through the bulk electrolyte. The PG cells have used so far the complex H‐shaped cell design, heavy sensitizer molecules with low diffusivity, and low photo‐stability. All these factors are not conducive to the fabrication of cheap cells with good electrical output. To address all these concerns, the tropaeline‐O dye photosensitizer (a low molecular weight molecule with higher diffusion and higher photo‐stability) has been exploited with diffusion‐friendly low cost and a simple transparent cylindrical glass tube. The optimum values of the cell's electrical parameters are: potential 998 mV, current 3200 µA, and power 829.5 µW, and it is quite similar at all illumination window sizes.
A non‐metabolic function of hexokinase 2 in small cell lung cancer: promotes cancer cell stemness by increasing USP11‐mediated CD133 stability
Authors: Wang Juhong , Shao Fei , Yang Yannan , Wang Wei , Yang Xueying , Li Renda , Cheng Hong , Sun Sijin , Feng Xiaoli , Gao Yibo , He Jie , Lu Zhimin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundMaintenance of cancer stem‐like cell (CSC) stemness supported by aberrantly regulated cancer cell metabolism is critical for CSC self‐renewal and tumor progression. As a key glycolytic enzyme, hexokinase 2 (HK2) plays an instrumental role in aerobic glycolysis and tumor progression. However, whether HK2 directly contribute to CSC stemness maintenance in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is largely unclear. In this study, we aimed to investgate whether HK2 independent of its glycolytic activity is directly involved in stemness maintenance of CSC in SCLC.MethodsImmunoblotting analyses were conducted to determine the expression of HK2 in SCLC CSCs and their differentiated counterparts. CSC‐like properties and tumorigenesis of SCLC cells with or without HK2 depletion or overexpression were examined by sphere formation assay and xenograft mouse model. Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analyses were performed to identify the binding proteins of CD133. The expression levels of CD133‐associated and CSC‐relevant proteins were evaluated by immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry assay. RNA expression levels of Nanog, POU5F1, Lin28, HK2, Prominin‐1 were analyzed through quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Polyubiquitination of CD133 was examined by in vitro or in vivo ubiquitination assay. CD133+ cells were sorted by flow cytometry using an anti‐CD133 antibody.ResultsWe demonstrated that HK2 expression was much higher in CSCs of SCLC than in their differentiated counterparts. HK2 depletion inhibited CSC stemness and promoted CSC differentiation. Mechanistically, non‐mitochondrial HK2 directly interacted with CD133 and enhanced CD133 expression without affecting CD133 mRNA levels. The interaction of HK2 and CD133 promoted the binding of the deubiquitinase ubiquitin‐specific protease 11 (USP11) to CD133, thereby inhibiting CD133 polyubiquitylation and degradation. HK2‐mediated upregulation of CD133 expression enhanced the expression of cell renewal regulators, SCLC cell stemness, and tumor growth in mice. In addition, HK2 expression was positively correlated with CD133 expression in human SCLC specimens, and their expression levels were associated with poor prognosis of SCLC patients.ConclusionsThese results revealed a critical non‐metabolic function of HK2 in promotion of cancer cell stemness. Our findings provided new insights into the multifaceted roles of HK2 in tumor development.
Association between cannabis use with urological cancers: A population‐based cohort study and a mendelian randomization study in the UK biobank
Authors: Huang Jingyi , Huang Da , Ruan Xiaohao , Huang Jinlun , Xu Danfeng , Heavey Susan , Olivier Jonathan , Na Rong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundLegislation of cannabis use has been approved in many European and North American countries. Its impact on urological cancers is unclear. This study was conducted to explore the association between cannabis use and the risk of urological cancers.MethodsWe identified 151,945 individuals with information on cannabis use in the UK Biobank from 2006 to 2010. Crude and age‐standardized incidence ratios of different urological cancers were evaluated in the entire cohort and subgroups. Cox regression was performed for survival analysis.ResultsPrevious use of cannabis was a significant protective factor for renal cell carcinoma (HR = 0.61, 95%CI:0.40–0.93, p = 0.021) and prostate cancer (HR = 0.82, 95%CI:0.73–0.93, p = 0.002) in multivariable analysis. The association between previous cannabis use and both renal cell carcinoma and bladder cancer was only observed in females (HRRCC = 0.42, 95%CI:0.19–0.94, p = 0.034; HRBCa = 0.43, 95%CI:0.21–0.86, p = 0.018) but not in men. There was no significant association between cannabis use and testicular cancer incidence. Mendelian randomization demonstrated a potential causal effect of cannabis use on a lower incidence of renal cell carcinoma.ConclusionsPrevious use of cannabis was associated with a lower risk of bladder cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and prostate cancer. The inverse association between cannabis and both renal cell carcinoma and bladder cancer was only found in females but not in males.
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites Isolated from the Antarctic Lichen Himantormia lugubris
Authors: Hyung Koo Man , Shin Min‐Ji , Ju Kim Min , Lee Seulah , Eun So Jae , Hee Kim Ji , Hyuck Lee Jun , Suh Sung‐Suk , Joung Youn Ui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTwo new depsidones, himantormiones A and B (1 and 2) were isolated and identified from the Antarctic lichen, Himantormia lugubris (Parmeliaceae), with seven known compounds (3–9). The structures of two new compounds (1 and 2) were determined by means of spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR and HR‐MS. The isolated compounds were tested for antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, where himantormione B (2) exhibited inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus aureus with the IC50 value of 7.01±0.85 mM. Compound 2 also exhibited strong cytotoxic activity against HCT116 cells (colon cancer) with the EC50 value of 1.11±0.85 μM, where that of the positive control, 5‐fluouracil, was 9.4±1.90 μM.
Spain−France Special Collection: Current Trends in Electrochemistry
Authors: Sirés Ignasi , Rodrigo Manuel A. , Gomez‐Mingot Maria , Roberts Edward P. L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Meeting of the Electrochemistry Group of the Spanish Royal Society of Chemistry (RSEQ) is an annual event that has taken place since the late 1970s. The meeting brings together the entire Spanish electrochemistry community at a single event to discuss the latest advances in our field, and normally takes place in different Spanish cities. Over the last decade, mainly due to the deep economic crisis experienced in Spain, the number of electrochemists trained in Spain who have emigrated and today lead important groups in other European countries and in the USA has grown significantly. Thus, the XLI Meeting of the Electrochemistry Group was organized in Paris (France) in 2021, and served to regroup all electrochemists trained in Spain, both emigrants and residents. By holding the meeting outside of Spain, the Electrochemistry Group aimed to internationalize the group‘s meetings and to strengthen collaborations with the French electrochemistry community.
Synthesis of 2‐Acetamido‐1,3,4‐Tri‐O‐Acetyl‐2‐Deoxy‐D‐Mannopyranose ‐6‐Phosphate Prodrugs as Potential Therapeutic Agents
Authors: Pertusati Fabrizio , Morewood James 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSugar phosphates are emerging as potential therapeutic candidates for certain diseases. However, their high polarity makes them poorly absorbed by the body and their penetration inside the cell is even more difficult without a proper transporter. Amino sugar phosphates (n‐amino‐n‐deoxy‐sugars, carbohydrates in which a hydroxyl group has been replaced with an amine group), such as N‐acetyl‐D‐mannosamine (ManNac)‐6‐phosphate have shown potential as a treatment for a muscular disease called GNE myopathy caused by a deficiency in the production of sialic acid. However, its high polarity leads to poor absorption and consequent high dosage in humans, causing unwanted side effects. Herein, we describe the application of phosphoramidate prodrug chemistry to 1,3,4‐O‐acetylated N‐acetylmannosamine (Ac3ManNAc) to deliver ManNAc‐6‐phosphate (ManNAc‐6‐P), a critical intermediate in sialic acid biosynthesis. Sialic acid deficiency is a hallmark of GNE myopathy, a rare congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG), caused by mutations in the gene “GNE,” that limit the production of ManNAc‐6‐P. Synthetic methods were developed to provide a library of Ac3ManNAc‐6‐phosphoramidates that were evaluated in a series of studies for their potential as a treatment for GNE myopathy. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Synthesis of 2‐Acetamido‐1,3,4‐tri‐O‐acetyl‐2‐deoxy‐D‐mannopyranose.Basic Protocol 2: Preparation of 3‐acetamido‐6‐((((((S)‐1‐ethoxy‐4‐methyl‐1‐oxo‐pentan‐2‐yl) amino) (phenoxy)phosphoryl) oxy) methyl) tetrahydro‐2H‐pyran‐2,4,5‐triyl triacetate (5).Support Protocol: Preparation of ethyl (chloro(phenoxy)phosphoryl)‐l‐leucinate.
Lower photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency in northern Japanese soybean cultivars than Midwestern U.S. cultivars
Authors: Kumagai Etsushi , Hasegawa Toshihiro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn major soybean‐producing regions such as the United States, farm yield has increased in recent years. This gain is accompanied by genetic improvements in net photosynthetic rate (PN). However, farm yields in Japan remain low and unchanged, suggesting a lack of progress in improving yield and the underlying PN through recent breeding. It is unclear how much Japanese breeders have improved PN, or whether the PN of Japanese cultivars is inferior to cultivars from the United States and, if so, which physiological traits should be improved to increase PN in Japanese cultivars. To answer these questions, we compared PN and related physiological traits of cultivars released during the past 60 yr in the Tohoku region of northern Japan (JP group) with those of cultivars from the Midwestern United States (U.S. group). In the U.S. group, PN increased with year of release at both flowering and the beginning of seed filling (respectively, R2 and R5) stages, and was accompanied by an increase in leaf N content by area (Narea). This demonstrates improved PN resulting from recent breeding. In contrast, there was no difference in PN between old and new cultivars in the JP group, indicating that PN was not improved by breeding. PN at R5 in the JP group was lower than in the U.S. group and was associated with lower stomatal conductance in the JP group. Narea at R5 was higher in the JP group than in the U.S. group and was associated with lower photosynthetic N use efficiency in the JP group.
A need for assurance: Do internal control systems integrate environmental, social, and governance factors?
Authors: Harasheh Murad , Provasi Roberta 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the article, we provide an original linkage between the corporate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) rating and the cost of internal control system (ICSC) stemmed from two closely related frameworks: the 2017 CoSO Framework, which calls to strengthen internal control systems to integrate ESG issues, and the EU directive on nonfinancial reporting (2014/95/EU) that entered into force in 2017. Thus, we evaluate both introductions showing ESG integration in the internal control activities. We cover firms listed on Milan Exchange from 2016 to 2019, providing a thorough analysis with robustness tests. The findings imply that firms should consider both ESG rating and the internal control system cost as strategic corporate tools for value enhancement; therefore, companies should allocate the resources appropriately to internal control activities to incorporate ESG issues and create value since internal control provides the first assurance for ESG integration. The limitations of this study pave the way for further research directions; incorporating the new amendment of the EU directive on nonfinancial disclosure, allowing for a better valuation creation assessment; and whether there is a substitution between sustainability performance and other corporate issues such as taxes and marketing expenditure.
Improving knowledge on genotoxicity dynamics in somatic and germ cells of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii)
Authors: Marçal Raquel , Marques Ana Margarida , Pacheco Mário , Guilherme Sofia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe harmful effects of pesticides can be extended beyond the exposure time scale. Appraisals combining exposure and long‐term post‐exposure periods appear as an unavoidable approach in pesticide risk assessment, thus allowing a better understanding of the real impact of agrochemicals in non‐target organisms. This study aimed to evaluate the progression of genetic damage in somatic and germ tissues of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii, also seeking for gender‐specificities, following exposure (7 days) to penoxsulam (23 μg L−1) and a post‐exposure (70 days) period. The same approach was applied to the model genotoxicant ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS; 5 mg L−1) as a complementary mean to improve knowledge on genotoxicity dynamics (induction vs. recovery). Penoxsulam induced DNA damage in all tested tissues, disclosing tissue‐ and gender‐specificities, where females showed to be more vulnerable than males in the gills, while males demonstrated higher susceptibility in what concerns internal organs, that is, hepatopancreas and gonad. Crayfish were unable to recover from the DNA damage induced by EMS in gills and hepatopancreas (both genders) as well as in spermatozoa. The genotoxicity in the hepatopancreas was only perceptible in the post‐exposure period. Oxidative DNA lesions were identified in hepatopancreas and spermatozoa of EMS‐exposed crayfish. The spermatozoa proved to be the most vulnerable cell type. It became clear that the characterization of the genotoxic hazard of a given agent must integrate a complete set of information, addressing different types of DNA damage, tissue‐ and gender‐specificities, as well as a long‐term appraisal of temporal progression of damage.
Nonlinear backstepping hierarchical control of shake table using high‐gain observer
Authors: Xiao Yifei , Pan Xiao , Yang Tony T.Y. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractShake table testing is a common technique used to examine the responses of structures under dynamic loads. Shake table is often regulated using linear controller, such as proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) controller. However, traditional PID control cannot consider inherent nonlinearities in the structural and control systems. In this paper, a series of novel backstepping control methods, which consider the nonlinearities in the structural and control systems, have been developed. In addition, high‐gain observers, which can provide highly accurate estimation of the shake table displacement, velocity and acceleration, are also developed. The proposed backstepping control methods and high‐gain observers are implemented in a hierarchical framework, where the high‐level backstepping controller generates the command signal for the low‐level controller to execute. A total of four hierarchical backstepping control methods, including the acceleration‐based backstepping hierarchical control (ABHC), the ABHC with high‐gain observer (ABHCO), the displacement‐based backstepping hierarchical control (DBHC) and the DBHC with high‐gain observer (DBHCO), have been implemented. Detailed parameter studies have been conducted to identify the optimized parameters for the proposed hierarchical backstepping control methods. The proposed control method is verified through a series of shake table tests. The experimental results show the ABHC, ABHCO, DBHC and DBHCO can all achieve high‐performance shake table control, especially with superior acceleration tracking over the traditional PID control. Overall, ABHCO achieves the best tracking performance for displacement, velocity and acceleration.
Effect of Land Cover on Ecoregion-Scale Spatial Patterns of Mercury Contamination of Largemouth Bass in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Drenner Ray W. , Chumchal Matthew M. , Adams Kimberly J. , Seymour Ryan D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Consumption of methylmercury (MeHg)-contaminated fish is the primary source of MeHg in humans and poses a hazard to human health. Because of widespread atmospheric deposition of inorganic mercury (IHg), all water bodies in the United States have been contaminated with Hg. In aquatic ecosystems, IHg is converted to MeHg, which biomagnifies, reaching high concentrations in piscivorous fish. It is not possible for governmental agencies to monitor fish from every waterbody to determine if concentrations of MeHg in fish are hazardous to human health. To help government agencies focus their monitoring efforts, it is critical that we develop the ability to predict regions where waterbodies are most likely to contain fish with hazardous concentrations of MeHg. The objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between MeHg contamination of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), a popular piscivorous gamefish, and land cover in 24 ecoregions across 15 states in the southeastern United States. In our study we demonstrate for the first time that 72% of the variance in average concentrations of MeHg in largemouth bass between ecoregions of the southeastern United States can be explained by the percentage coverage by evergreen forests, emergent herbaceous wetlands, and pasture/hay. Land cover determines the sensitivity of freshwater systems to atmospheric IHg deposition, and the present study suggests that at the ecoregion scale, MeHg bioaccumulation in piscivorous gamefish, and ultimately the health hazard that these MeHg-contaminated fish pose to humans, can be in part predicted by land-cover type. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2386–2394. © 2022 SETAC
Elevated Mercury Concentrations and Isotope Signatures (N, C, Hg) in Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) from the Galápagos Marine Reserve and Waters off Ecuador
Authors: Muñoz-Abril Laia , Valle Carlos A. , Alava Juan José , Janssen Sarah E. , Sunderland Elsie M. , Rubianes-Landázuri Francisco , Emslie Steven D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We examined how dietary factors recorded by C and N influence Hg uptake in 347 individuals of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), an important subsistence resource from the Galápagos Marine Reserve (Ecuador) and the Ecuadorian mainland coast in 2015–2016. We found no differences in total Hg (THg) measured in red muscle between the two regions and no seasonal differences, likely due to the age of the fish and slow elimination rates of Hg. Our THg concentrations are comparable to those of other studies in the Pacific (0.20-9.60 mg/kg wet wt), but a subset of individuals exhibited the highest Hg concentrations yet reported in yellowfin tuna. Mercury isotope values differed between Δ199Hg and δ202Hg in both regions (Δ199Hg = 2.86 ± 0.04‰ vs. Δ199Hg = 2.33 ± 0.07‰), likely related to shifting food webs and differing photochemical processing of Hg prior to entry into the food web. There were significantly lower values of both δ15N and δ13C in tuna from Galápagos Marine Reserve (δ15N: 8.5–14.2‰, δ13C: −18.5 to −16.1‰) compared with those from the Ecuadorian mainland coast (δ15N: 8.3–14.4‰, δ13C: −19.4 to −11.9‰), of which δ13C values suggest spatially constrained movements of tuna. Results from the pooled analysis, without considering region, indicated that variations in δ13C and δ15N values tracked changes of Hg stable isotopes. Our data indicate that the individual tuna we used were resident fish of each region and were heavily influenced by upwellings related to the eastern Pacific oxygen minimum zone and the Humboldt Current System. The isotopes C, N, and Hg reflect foraging behavior mainly on epipelagic prey in shallow waters and that food web shifts drive Hg variations between these populations of tuna. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2732–2744. © 2022 SETAC
Hepatic Transcriptomic Responses to Ethinylestradiol in Two Life Stages of Japanese Quail
Authors: Jeon Yeon-Seon , Crump Doug , Boulanger Emily , Soufan Othman , Park Bradley , Basu Niladri , Hecker Markus , Xia Jianguo , Head Jessica A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Chemical risk assessment for avian species typically depends on information from toxicity tests performed in adult birds. Early-life stage (ELS) toxicity tests have been proposed as an alternative, but incorporation of these data into existing frameworks will require knowledge about the similarities/differences between ELS and adult responses. The present study uses transcriptomics to assess hepatic gene expression in ELS and adult Japanese quail following exposure to ethinylestradiol (EE2). Prior to incubation, ELS quail were dosed with measured EE2 concentrations of 0.54, 6.3, and 54.2 µg/g egg weight via air cell injection. Adult quail were fed a single dose of EE2 at nominal concentrations of 0, 0.5, and 5 mg/kg body weight by gavage. Liver tissue was collected from five to six individuals per dose group at mid-incubation for ELS quail and 4 days after dosing for adults. A total of 283 and 111 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in ELS and adult quail, respectively, 16 of which were shared across life stages. Shared DEGs included estrogenic biomarkers such as vitellogenin genes and apovitellenin-1. For the dose groups that resulted in the highest number of DEGs (ELS, 6.3 µg/g; adult, 5 mg/kg), 21 and 35 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were enriched, respectively. Ten of these pathways were shared between life stages, including pathways involved with signaling molecules and interaction and the endocrine system. Taken together, our results suggest conserved mechanisms of action following estrogenic exposure across two life stages, with evidence from differential expression of key biomarker genes and enriched pathways. The present study contributes to the development and evaluation of ELS tests and toxicogenomic approaches and highlights their combined potential for screening estrogenic chemicals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2769–2781. © 2022 SETAC