bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of fosfomycin combined with rifampin against carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Liu Y. , Ma W. , Li M. , Wu J. , Sun L. , Zhao W. , Sun S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe increasing prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) strains in the hospital setting represents an emerging challenge to clinical treatment for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infections, as the range of therapeutic agents active against these pathogens becomes increasingly constrained. This study demonstrated for the first time that fosfomycin (FOS) combined with rifampin (RIF) showed strong synergistic effects against CRPA and carbapenem-susceptible PA, with 100% synergistic rates. Additionally, the time-killing curve further proves the dynamic antibacterial activity of FOS + RIF against CRPA. Further experiments determined that antibacterial mechanisms of FOS + RIF might be inhibition of biofilm formation and eradication of preformed biofilm. The results of the inhibition biofilm formation assay demonstrated that RIF and FOS at 1/8MIC, 1/16MIC and 1/32MIC have better inhibitory effects on CRPA biofilm formation VS FOS alone (96, 90 and 78% vs 29, 24 and 22%) (P &lt; 0·0001) or RIF alone (96, 90 and 78% vs 86, 67 and 29%) (P &lt; 0·01). The rates of eradicating preformed biofilm with combination therapy at 1/2MIC, 1/4MIC and 1/8MIC of both antibiotics, increased 46, 61 and 55% compared with FOS alone (P &lt; 0·001) and 37, 33 and 46% compared with RIF alone (P &lt; 0·01). This finding will provide new insights into the treatment of bacterial infections caused by CRPA, which can be further explored in clinical practice.
The jugular approach for leadless pacing: A novel and safe alternative
Authors: Saleem‐Talib Shmaila , van Driel Vincent J. , Nikolic Tanja , van Wessel Harry , Louman Hellen , Borleffs C. Jan Willem , van der Heijden Jeroen , Cox Moniek , Ramanna Hemanth 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsTo evaluate safety of leadless pacemaker implantation through the internal jugular vein in a larger cohort with longer follow‐up. Moreover, feasibility of non‐apical pacing as well as relation between pacing site and QRS duration were assessed.MethodsEighty Two consecutive patients, who received a leadless pacemaker though the internal jugular vein, were included. Electrical parameters were measured at regular follow‐up and any complications were registered. Paced QRS interval was compared for three pacing sites, RVOT, RV mid septum, and RV apical septum.ResultsIn all patients, the leadless pacemaker was implanted successfully. In 69 patients, the device was implanted in a non‐apical position. In 71% of cases, the device could be deployed at first attempt. The median fluoroscopy time was 4.4 min (range 0.9−51) The paced QRS interval was significantly narrower for non‐apical pacing sites compared to apical pacing si 156 vs. 179 ms. p = .04, respectively. During mean follow‐up of 16 months (range 0–43 months), electrical parameters remained stable. Two complications occurred, which could be resolved during the implant procedure. There were no access site related complications.ConclusionThe jugular approach for leadless pacemaker implantation is feasible and may avoid vascular complications. It facilitates non‐apical positioning of leadless pacemakers leading to a narrower paced QRS interval. The jugular approach allows for immediate post procedural ambulation.
Engineering plant immune circuit: walking to the bright future with a novel toolbox
Authors: Vuong Uyen Thi , Iswanto Arya Bagus Boedi , Nguyen Quang‐Minh , Kang Hobin , Lee Jihyun , Moon Jiyun , Kim Sang Hee 
Published: August 2022

SummaryPlant pathogens destroy crops and cause severe yield losses, leading to an insufficient food supply to sustain the human population. Apart from relying on natural plant immune systems to combat biological agents or waiting for the appropriate evolutionary steps to occur over time, researchers are currently seeking new breakthrough methods to boost disease resistance in plants through genetic engineering. Here, we summarize the past two decades of research in disease resistance engineering against an assortment of pathogens through modifying the plant immune components (internal and external) with several biotechnological techniques. We also discuss potential strategies and provide perspectives on engineering plant immune systems for enhanced pathogen resistance and plant fitness.
Optimal probe position for precordial Doppler ultrasound in children
Authors: Nishida Keisuke , Omori Ayaka , Kojima Taiki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrecordial Doppler ultrasound technology can be used to confirm correct peripheral intravenous access in children. Changes in precordial Doppler sound from the baseline after injecting normal saline are detected using a correct peripheral intravenous access. However, the location of the precordial Doppler probe has been inconsistent in previous studies. Our study aimed to determine whether the right or left parasternal border is the optimal location for precordial Doppler probe placement.MethodsThis single‐center, prospective interventional study was conducted between July 2021 and January 2022 and included children aged 1–6 years. The Doppler probe was placed under general anesthesia at the most audible site on the right and left parasternal borders of patients. Baseline heartbeat was recorded by the Doppler for 10 s on the right and left parasternal borders. After randomizing the order of the recorded data, two blinded raters separately listened to the data and decided the audibility of the sounds.ResultsA total of 77 patients were enrolled in the study. The proportion of the audible baseline heartbeat was significantly higher on the left parasternal borders than on the right by both rater 1 (96.1%, 22.1%, p < 0.001) and rater 2 (96.1%, 27.3%, p < 0.001). Regarding inter‐rater reproducibility, Cohen's kappa statistics for the left and right parasternal borders were significant (0.65 and 0.79, both p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe baseline heartbeat was more audible on the left parasternal border than on the right parasternal border with acceptably high interrater reproducibility. This is inconsistent with the interpretations of previous reports.
Screen time reduction and focus on social engagement in autism spectrum disorder: A pilot study
Authors: Heffler Karen Frankel , Frome Lori R. , Garvin Brigid , Bungert Lindsay M. , Bennett David S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is growing concern regarding early screen media exposure and its potential effects on developmental delays including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, there is little research examining whether interventions can decrease screen media exposure and ASD behaviors among children with ASD.MethodsParticipants were nine children, 18 to 40 months old, with an ASD diagnosis who watched screens at least 2 h per day. Screen viewing history and weekly screen viewing and social interaction were assessed. The intervention involved a parent education program followed by weekly 1 h in‐home support visits aimed at replacing screen time with social engagement time over a 6 month period. Child autism symptoms (Brief Observation of Social Communication Change), functional behavior (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales), and development (Mullen Scales of Early Learning) were assessed before and after intervention; parents completed questionnaires on parental stress (Autism Parenting Stress Index) and their perceptions of the intervention.ResultsChildren's screen viewing decreased from an average of 5.6 h/day prior to intervention to 5 min/day during the study. Significant improvements were observed in core autism symptoms and parental stress from pre‐ to post‐intervention.ConclusionsParent education and training/support to minimize screen time and increase social interaction for young children with ASD was tolerated well by parents and children. These promising preliminary results suggest that further research on early screen media viewing, ASD, and screen reduction intervention is warranted.
Crime and credit: The empirical study of how crime affects credit ratings of large U.S. cities
Authors: Guzman Tatyana , Clark Benjamin Y. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesThere is abundant research on crime contributors but not the cost of crime to society. In this article, we fill the gap in the literature by studying how crime affects government entities, specifically, their credit worthiness. Issues with crime may shift government expenditures away from education, welfare, and other crucial areas to law enforcement and may necessitate higher overall expenditures. Crime may also create a risk to investment, negatively affect economic development, contribute to higher poverty and unemployment rates, and to racial injustice. All these may damage credit ratings.MethodsBecause of the ordinal nature of the dependent variable (credit ratings), models are estimated by ordered probit.ResultsThe findings in this article demonstrate that cities with higher violent (but not property) crime have consistently lower credit ratings. Policing expenses are also negatively correlated with credit ratings, although the association is only marginally significant.ConclusionsOur goal in this article was to further the literature and discussion on how cities can better recognize the facets of improving or declining credit ratings. We found that violent crime has a visible impact on the perceptions of credit risk.
CT features of subcutaneous, intermuscular, and intramuscular mast cell tumors in dogs
Authors: Farmer Rebecca J M , Poirier Valerie J , Nykamp Stephanie , Jensen Monica , Foster Robert A , Oblak Michelle , Appleby Ryan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSurgical removal is the treatment of choice for subcutaneous (SC), intermuscular (InterM), and intramuscular (IntraM) mast cell tumors (MCTs). Advanced imaging (CT or MRI) is frequently used for presurgical planning, but InterM and IntraM MCTs can be difficult to identify and delineate on CT. Aims of the current retrospective, diagnostic accuracy, observer agreement study were to describe the imaging features of SC, InterM, and IntraM MCTs on CT and to assess the limitation of CT to identify the full local extent of the MCT. Inclusion criteria for the study were dogs with a cytologically or histologically diagnosed MCTs determined to be SC, InterM, or IntraM MCT based on histology and/or a CT scan performed in the gross disease setting. Two board‐certified veterinary radiologists reviewed the CT images and recorded location, contrast enhancement pattern, and delineation between the normal and abnormal tissue. Sensitivity and specificity of CT for determining location (SC/InterM versus IntraM) was 85.71% and 55.56%, respectively, when compared to consensus location based on surgical pathology report/CT/MRI review. There was a low inter‐rater agreement for delineation (kappa: 0.150 (−0.070 to 0.370) and measurement had a low/moderate correlation (rho: 0.4667 to 0.5792). Upon review by a surgical oncologist, CT findings were deemed insufficient for curative surgical planning in 13 of 16 due to inadequate definition of tumor depth, compartment boundary (fascial plane) or MCT margins. The use of CT for presurgical planning of SC/InterM/IntraM MCT dogs has limitations, especially when differentiating MCT from the adjacent muscle.
Three‐dimensional volume rendering planning, surgical treatment, and clinical outcomes for femoral and tibial detorsional osteotomies in dogs
Authors: Longo Federico , Nicetto Tommaso , Knell Sebastian Christoph , Evans Richard B. , Isola Maurizio , Pozzi Antonio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo describe a computed tomographic (CT) methodology for planning the correction of femoral and tibial torsion and report the clinical outcomes after femoral (FDO) and tibial (TDO) detorsional osteotomy in dogs affected by torsion malalignment and patellar luxation (PL).Study designMulticenter retrospective study.AnimalsEighteen client‐owned dogs.MethodsDogs underwent CT to measure femoral (FTA) and tibial torsion angle (TTA). Abnormal femoral external torsion was defined when FTA <20°, abnormal femoral internal torsion if FTA >35°; abnormal tibial external torsion was defined when TTA < −10°, and abnormal tibial internal torsion when TTA >2°. The cortical arch length (CAL) was measured with CT and used intraoperatively to determine the magnitude of correction. The medical records and radiographs were reviewed and used to report clinical and radiographic outcomes. Radiographs were reviewed to evaluate postoperative limb alignment, patellar position, and bone healing.ResultsTwenty‐two detorsional osteotomies were performed. Mean preoperative FTA was 14° for medial‐PL and 45.2° for lateral‐PL. Mean preoperative TTA was 11° for medial‐PL. Physiological patellar tracking was restored in 22/22 of cases. CAL measurement allowed for correction of abnormal torsion in 19/22 of cases. Seventeen out 18 dogs had full or acceptable functional outcome. The median radiographic follow‐up was 3 months. Major complications occurred in 2/22 cases, which suffered an iatrogenic abnormal femoral internal torsion and a persistent hindlimb lameness.ConclusionsCAL can be measured with CT and used intraoperatively to guide the correction of abnormal torsion in dogs.Clinical relevanceAbnormal femoral and tibial torsion are predisposing factors for PL. A higher complication rate is expected when FDO and TDO are performed in the same hindlimb.
Undersaturated Oil Viscosity Based on Multi-Gene Genetic Programming
Authors: Shokir Eissa Mohamed El-M , Ibrahim Azza El-S. B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Undersaturated oil viscosity represents an important physical property for reservoir simulation, enhanced oil recovery, and optimal production. It can be determined either by experimental measurements or by modeling through empirical correlations of appropriate accuracy. As a result of the high cost of its determination experimentally as well as its unavailable in most cases, looking for a high-reliability model is vital. Therefore, in this paper, a new undersaturated crude oil viscosity model using multi-gene genetic programming (MGGP) is presented. This model was built using several data points which are distributed as 528 experimental measurements for a broad range of reservoir pressure and oil properties and 276 points were used for validating and testing the new model. Furthermore, the new model was compared to 11 published correlations. The results indicated that the new MGGP-based model is the closest to the experimental measurements and yields a precise prediction of undersaturated oil viscosity.
Thermally Grown Oxide Stress in PS-PVD and EB-PVD Thermal Barrier Coatings Observed at Various Lifetimes Via Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction
Authors: Northam Matthew , Fouliard Quentin , Rossmann Lin , Park Jun-Sang , Kenesei Peter , Almer Jonathan , Viswanathan Vaishak , Harder Bryan , Raghavan Seetha 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The current standard application method for thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) on turbine blades for jet engines is electron-beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) due to its high strain tolerance and low thermal conductivity. An emerging deposition method, plasma-spray physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD), presents an opportunity for a tailorable microstructure, and non-line-of-sight deposition that is faster and less expensive. To compare the lifetime behavior of both PS-PVD and EB-PVD coatings, samples subjected to 300 and 600 thermal cycles were measured during a 1 h thermal cycle to determine the strains, which were converted to stress, in the thermally grown oxide (TGO) layer of the TBCs using synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD). Room temperature XRD measurements indicated among samples that PS-PVD coatings experienced greater variation in in-plane room temperature strain in the TGO after cycling than the EB-PVD coatings. In-situ XRD measurements indicated similar high-temperature strain and no spallation after 600 thermal cycles for both coatings. Microscopy imaging after cycling showed greater rumpling in PS-PVD coatings that led to different failure modes between the two coatings’ TGO layers. The tailorability of PS-PVD coatings allows for adjustments in the processing parameters to improve their overall performance after aging and bridge the differences between the two deposition methods.
Experimental Investigation on the Thermal Performance of a Conical Solar Water Heater Using Mixed Asphalt Absorber Plate
Authors: Phengpom Tinnapob , Pukdum Jirasak 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In the present research, an investigational study on thermal performance of a mixed asphalt conical solar water heater (MACSWH) was analyzed under field conditions. The key target of the present research is to evaluate the dynamics of heat and performance of a conical solar collector with an attached mixed asphalt as an absorber plate. In the current experimental test setup, the mixed asphalt as an absorber plate with a diameter of 0.20 m and thickness of 0.05 m was set in the middle of the focal area for accumulating the solar radiation, reflecting from a polished zinc conical reflector. The aperture diameter of the MACSWH was 0.45 m with a concentration ratio of 2.20. The copper pipe had a total length of 2 m, and the inclination angle of the conical was fixed at 15 deg. The experimental results provide evidence that the mixed asphalt set as an absorber plate at the center of the focal area was an effective practical approach to improve the performance of a conical solar collector. This method raises the maximum percentage difference between inlet water temperature and outlet water temperature by approximately 47.27%, while the maximum temperatures of absorber plate, copper pipe, and efficacy are at 82 °C, 62 °C, and 72%, respectively.
Structure of the Brain of the Smallest Coleoptera
Authors: Makarova A. A. , Polilov A. A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe structure of the brain of the smallest coleopteran,Scydosella musawasensisHall, 1999, is described for the first time. As in other extremely small beetles, the brain ofS. musawasensisdisplays signs of miniaturization: displacement to the thorax, compactization, and a small number and size of the neurons. The body size of the studied smallest beetle is similar to that of the minute hymenopteranMegaphragma, which has a nearly anucleate nervous system. However, the structure of the brain of the studied smallest beetle is similar to that of large representatives of the order and is characterized by a high number of nuclei in the brain and a significant volume of the cell body rind. The neuropil ofS. musawasensisoccupies 60% of the brain volume, confirming the neuropilar constant rule.
Caffeine to prevent intermittent hypoxaemia in late preterm infants: randomised controlled dosage trial
Authors: Oliphant Elizabeth Anne , McKinlay Christopher JD , McNamara David , Cavadino Alana , Alsweiler Jane M 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo establish the most effective and best tolerated dose of caffeine citrate for the prevention of intermittent hypoxaemia (IH) in late preterm infants.DesignPhase IIB, double-blind, five-arm, parallel, randomised controlled trial.SettingNeonatal units and postnatal wards of two tertiary maternity hospitals in New Zealand.ParticipantsLate preterm infants born at 34+0–36+6weeks’ gestation, recruited within 72 hours of birth.InterventionInfants were randomly assigned to receive a loading dose (10, 20, 30 or 40 mg/kg) followed by 5, 10, 15 or 20 mg/kg/day equivolume enteral caffeine citrate or placebo daily until term corrected age.Primary outcomeIH (events/hour with oxygen saturation concentration ≥10% below baseline for ≤2 min), 2 weeks postrandomisation.Results132 infants with mean (SD) birth weight 2561 (481) g and gestational age 35.7 (0.8) weeks were randomised (24–28 per group). Caffeine reduced the rate of IH at 2 weeks postrandomisation (geometric mean (GM): 4.6, 4.6, 2.0, 3.8 and 1.7 events/hour for placebo, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/kg/day, respectively), with differences statistically significant for 10 mg/kg/day (GM ratio (95% CI] 0.39 (0.20 to 0.76]; p=0.006) and 20 mg/kg/day (GM ratio (95% CI] 0.33 (0.17 to 0.68]; p=0.003) compared with placebo. The 20 mg/kg/day dose increased mean (SD) pulse oximetry oxygen saturation (SpO2) (97.2 (1.0) vs placebo 96.0 (0.8); p<0.001), and reduced median (IQR) percentage of time SpO2<90% (0.5 (0.2–0.8) vs 1.1 (0.6–2.4); p<0.001) at 2 weeks, without significant adverse effects on growth velocity or sleeping.ConclusionCaffeine reduces IH in late preterm infants at 2 weeks of age, with 20 mg/kg/day being the most effective dose.Trial registration numberACTRN12618001745235.
Safer Baby Bundle: study protocol for the economic evaluation of a quality improvement initiative to reduce stillbirths
Authors: Callander Emily Joy , Andrews Christine , Sketcher-Baker Kirstine , Nicholl Michael Christopher , Farrell Tanya , Karger Shae , Flenady Vicki 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionStillbirth continues to be a public health concern in high-income countries, and with mixed results from several stillbirth prevention interventions worldwide the need for an effective prevention method is ever present. The Safer Baby Bundle (SBB) proposes five evidence-based care packages shown to reduce stillbirth when implemented individually, and therefore are anticipated to produce significantly better outcomes if grouped together. This protocol describes the planned economic evaluation of the SBB quality improvement initiative in Australia.Methods and analysisThe implementation of the SBB will occur over three state-based health jurisdictions in Australia—New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria, from July 2019 onwards. The intervention is being applied at the state level, with sites opting to participate or not, and no individual woman recruitment. The economic evaluation will be based on a whole-of-population linked administrative dataset, which will include the data of all mothers, and their resultant children, who gave birth between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2023 in these states, covering the preimplementation and postimplementation time period. The primary health outcome for this economic evaluation is late gestation stillbirths, with the secondary outcomes including but not limited to neonatal death, gestation at birth, mode of birth, admission to special care nursery and neonatal intensive care unit, and physical and mental health conditions for mother and child. Costs associated with all healthcare use from birth to 5 years post partum will be included for all women and children. A cost-effectiveness analysis will be undertaken using a difference-in-difference analysis approach to compare the primary outcome (late gestation stillbirth) and total costs for women before and after the implementation of the bundle.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval for the SBB project was provided by the Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee (approval number: HREC/2019/QRBW/47709). Approval for the extraction of data to be used for the economic evaluation was granted by the New South Wales Population and Health Services Research Ethics Committee (approval number: 2020/ETH00684/2020.11), Australian Institute of Health and Welfare Human Research Ethics Committee (approval number: EO2020/4/1167), and Public Health Approval (approval number: PHA 20.00684) was also granted. Dissemination will occur via publication in peer reviewed journals, presentation at clinical and policy-focused conferences and meetings, and through the authors’ clinical and policy networks.This study will provide evidence around the cost effectiveness of a quality improvement initiative to prevent stillbirth, identifying the impact on health service use during pregnancy and long-term health service use of children.