bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New online market connecting Chinese consumers and small farms to improve food safety and environment
Authors: Wang H. Holly , Jiang Yu , Jin Shaosheng , Zheng Qiujie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn emerging economies where small farms are the main source of food supply, it is costly for the government to monitor and control food safety and production impact on the environment. However, the online food market can potentially give farmers stronger incentives to supply safer and more eco‐friendly products, as they can access a national market where consumers are interested in healthy food, and they can differentiate their products by providing production information using videos and pictures. This research uses the choice experiment method to elicit farmers’ preference for production practices and marketing channels in China where e‐commerce and delivery businesses are fast‐growing. Our main finding is that farmers perceive higher utility in selling safer and more eco‐friendly products than conventional products when using e‐commerce platforms, evidence of the online market's positive role in food safety enhancement. Our results also identify two types of farmers: traditional farmers and farmers open to the idea of online markets. Farmers who have higher education and live in villages with e‐commerce service centers are more likely to be the latter.
Depletion of SASH1, an astrocyte differentiation‐related gene, contributes to functional recovery in spinal cord injury
Authors: Liu Siyi , Lin Ge , Yang Qiao , Wang Penghui , Ma Chao , Qian Xiaowei , He Xiaomei , Dong Zhangji , Liu Yan , Liu Mei , Wu Ronghua , Yang Liu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of the depletion of SAM and SH3 domain‐containing protein 1 (SASH1) on functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) and to investigate the possible mechanism of SASH1 knockdown in astrocytes facilitating axonal growth.MethodsSCI model was established in adult rats. SASH1 small interfering RNA (siSASH1) was used to investigate its function. Hindlimb motor function was evaluated by the Basso‐Bresnahan‐Beattie (BBB) assay. The gene expressions were evaluated by the methods of qRT‐PCR, Western‐blotting, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry.ResultsSASH1 knockdown improved the BBB scores after SCI and significantly reduced GFAP expression. In cultured spinal astrocytes, siSASH1 treatment decreased interferon‐γ release and increased brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) release. When cocultured with SASH1‐knockdown astrocytes, axonal growth increased. The neuronal tropomyosin receptor kinase B (BDNF receptor) expression increased, especially in the axonal tips. SASH1 expression increased while NSCs differentiated into glial cells, instead of neurons. After SASH1 depletion, differentiated NSCs maintained a higher level of Nestin protein and an increase in BDNF release.ConclusionsThese results indicate that SASH1 acts as an astrocytic differentiation‐maintaining protein, and SASH1 downregulation limits glial activation and contributes toward functional recovery after SCI.
Integrating habitat‐masked range maps with quantifications of prevalence to estimate area of occupancy in IUCN assessments
Authors: Anderson Robert P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEstimates of species geographic ranges constitute critical input for biodiversity assessments, including those for the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Area of occupancy (AOO) is one metric that IUCN uses to quantify a species’ range, but data limitations typically lead to either under‐ or overestimates (and unnecessarily wide bounds of uncertainty). Fortunately, existing methods in which range maps and land‐cover data are used to estimate the area currently holding habitat for a species can be extended to yield an unbiased range of plausible estimates for AOO. Doing so requires estimating the proportion of sites (currently containing habitat) that a species occupies within its range (i.e., prevalence). Multiplying a quantification of habitat area by prevalence yields an estimate of what the species inhabits (i.e., AOO). For species with intense sampling at many sites, presence–absence data sets or occupancy modeling allow calculation of prevalence. For other species, primary biodiversity data (records of a species’ presence at a point in space and time) from citizen‐science initiatives and research collections of natural history museums and herbaria could be used. In such cases, estimates of sample prevalence should be corrected by dividing by the species’ detectability. To estimate detectability from these data sources, extensions of inventory‐completeness analyses merit development. With investments to increase the quality and availability of online biodiversity data, consideration of prevalence should lead to tighter and more realistic bounds of AOO for many taxonomic groups and geographic regions. By leading to more realistic and representative characterizations of biodiversity, integrating maps of current habitat with estimates of prevalence should empower conservation practitioners and decision makers and thus guide actions and policy worldwide.
Risk patterns associated with transient hearing impairment and permanent hearing loss in infants born very preterm: A retrospective study
Authors: Yu Wen‐Hao , Lin Yung‐Chieh , Chu Chi‐Hsiang , Chen Ray‐Bing , Wu Jiunn‐Liang , Huang Chao‐Ching 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimTo determine the risk patterns associated with transient hearing impairment (THI) and permanent hearing loss (PHL) of infants born very preterm who failed hearing screenings.MethodWe enrolled 646 infants (347 males, 299 females) born at no more than 30 weeks' gestation between 2006 and 2020 who received auditory brainstem response screening at term‐equivalent age. Audiological examinations of infants who failed the screening revealed THI, when hearing normalized, or PHL, defined as a persistent unilateral or bilateral hearing threshold above 20 dB. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to characterize risk patterns.ResultsAmong the 646 infants, 584 (90.4%) had normal hearing, 42 (6.5%) had THI, and 20 (3.1%) had PHL. Compared with the group with normal hearing, the THI and PHL groups had significantly higher rates of neurodevelopmental impairment at 24 months corrected age. PCA of risk patterns showed the THI group and especially the PHL group had more severe haemodynamic and respiratory instability. Moreover, severe intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) was also a risk for PHL. Propensity score matching revealed an association of haemodynamic and respiratory instability with PHL.InterpretationIn infants born preterm, the severity and duration of haemodynamic and respiratory instability are risk patterns for both THI and PHL; severe IVH is an additional risk for PHL.What this paper adds

Neurodevelopmental delay was more common in infants born preterm who failed hearing screening.
Principal component analysis revealed the risk patterns associated with hearing impairment.
Haemodynamic–respiratory instability was associated with transient and permanent hearing impairment outcomes.
Severe haemodynamic–respiratory instability and intraventricular haemorrhage was associated with permanent hearing loss.
“I just like the stock”: The role of Reddit sentiment in the GameStop share rally
Authors: Long Suwan (Cheng) , Lucey Brian , Xie Ying , Yarovaya Larisa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the role played by the social media platform Reddit in the events around the GameStop (GME) share rally in early 2021. In particular, we analyze the impact of discussions on the r/WallStreetBets subreddit on the price dynamics of the American online retailer GameStop. We customize a sentiment analysis dictionary for Reddit platform users based on the Valence Aware Dictionary and Sentiment Reasoner (VADER) sentiment analysis package and perform textual analysis on 10.8 million comments. The analysis of the relationships between Reddit sentiments and 1‐, 5‐, 10‐, and 30‐min GameStop returns contribute to the growing body of literature on “meme stocks” and the impact of discussions on investment forums on intraday stock price movements.
How drought events during the last century have impacted biomass carbon in Amazonian rainforests
Authors: Yao Yitong , Ciais Philippe , Viovy Nicolas , Joetzjer Emilie , Chave Jerome 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDuring the last two decades, inventory data show that droughts have reduced biomass carbon sink of the Amazon forest by causing mortality to exceed growth. However, process‐based models have struggled to include drought‐induced responses of growth and mortality and have not been evaluated against plot data. A process‐based model, ORCHIDEE‐CAN‐NHA, including forest demography with tree cohorts, plant hydraulic architecture and drought‐induced tree mortality, was applied over Amazonia rainforests forced by gridded climate fields and rising CO2 from 1901 to 2019. The model reproduced the decelerating signal of net carbon sink and drought sensitivity of aboveground biomass (AGB) growth and mortality observed at forest plots across selected Amazon intact forests for 2005 and 2010. We predicted a larger mortality rate and a more negative sensitivity of the net carbon sink during the 2015/16 El Niño compared with the former droughts. 2015/16 was indeed the most severe drought since 1901 regarding both AGB loss and area experiencing a severe carbon loss. We found that even if climate change did increase mortality, elevated CO2 contributed to balance the biomass mortality, since CO2‐induced stomatal closure reduces transpiration, thus, offsets increased transpiration from CO2‐induced higher foliage area.
Unpaid labour and territorial extraction in digital value networks
Authors: Howson Kelle , Johnston Hannah , Cole Matthew , Ferrari Fabian , Ustek‐Spilda Funda , Graham Mark 
Published: October 2022

AbstractProduction in knowledge and data‐intensive industries is powered by work that can, in theory, be done from anywhere, via cloudwork platforms. Cloudwork platforms govern data value chains in distinct ways to concentrate power and extract value at the global scale. We argue that unpaid labour is a systemic mechanism of accumulation in these digital value networks. In this paper we demonstrate how it is tied to platform business models and facilitated by elements of platform governance including monopsony power, a high degree of spatial flexibility in sourcing labour, regulatory unaccountability and digital enclosure. We draw on a survey of 699 workers on 14 platforms in 74 countries to show that unpaid labour is an engine of South–North value extraction, and workers in the global South perform more unpaid labour than counterparts in the global North. Our findings have important ramifications our understanding of the changing international division of labour and platform capitalism.
Gender mainstreaming and frame analysis: A qualitative study of childcare policies in Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay during Latin America's left turn
Authors: Marcondes Mariana Mazzini , Farah Marta Ferreira Santos , Aquino Alves Mário 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article analyzes how and to what extent gender equality perspectives mobilized by feminist actors have (re)designed childcare policy frames to address the sexual division of labor during the left turn in Latin America. Using the Mainstreaming Gender Equality in Europe (MAGEEQ) framework as the foundation for our study, we conducted qualitative case study research in Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay by examining official documents. We also reviewed feminist literature and documents to access the positions adopted by the actors involved in the reframing process. We identified quite different results for gender mainstreaming in childcare policy: (1) Argentina—non‐occurrence; (2) Brazil—occurrence (reasonably marginalized); and (3) Uruguay—occurrence (fairly well embedded). We expect to contribute to the development of the MAGEEQ framework, particularly in terms of care policy investigations, and for adapting this framework to the Latin American context.
Narrative review of peripheral nerve blocks for the management of headache
Authors: Stern Jennifer I. , Chiang Chia‐Chun , Kissoon Narayan R. , Robertson Carrie E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo provide an overview of the current available literature on peripheral nerve blocks for the management of migraine and other headache disorders in adults.BackgroundPeripheral nerve blocks have been commonly performed in the headache practice for migraine, cluster headache, occipital neuralgia, and other headache disorders, despite a paucity of evidence supporting their use historically. In the past decade, there has been an effort to explore the efficacy and safety of peripheral nerve blocks for the management of headache, with the greatest interest centered around greater occipital blocks.DesignWe performed a search in PubMed using key words including “occipital nerve blocks,” “peripheral nerve blocks,” “occipital nerve,” “migraine,” “cluster headache,” and “neuralgia.” We reviewed the randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies, and case series, and summarized the anatomy, techniques, and the evidence for the use of peripheral nerve blocks in different headache disorders, with particular focus on available RCTs. Case reports were included for a detail review of adverse events.ResultsOf 12 RCTs examining the use of greater occipital nerve blocks for migraine, all but one demonstrate efficacy with reduction in headache frequency, intensity, and/or duration compared to placebo. Studies have not demonstrated a difference in clinical outcomes with the use of corticosteroids for nerve blocks compared to blocks with local anesthetic in the treatment of migraine. There are two RCTs supporting the use of greater occipital blockade for cluster headache, both showing benefit of suboccipitally injected corticosteroid. One RCT suggests benefit of greater occipital nerve blocks for cervicogenic headache. Observational studies and case series/reports show that greater occipital nerve block may be effective in prolonged migraine aura, status migrainosus, post‐dural puncture headache, and occipital neuralgia. Overall, peripheral nerve blocks are well tolerated. Serious side effects are rare but have been reported, including acute cerebellar syndrome and infection.ConclusionsPeripheral nerve blocks, especially occipital nerve blocks, are a viable treatment option for migraine and may be helpful in cluster headache as a transitional therapy or rescue therapy. Additional prospective studies are needed to investigate the efficacy and safety of occipital nerve blocks for long‐term migraine prevention, as well as for other headache disorders, such as occipital neuralgia.
Recovery in Mind: A Recovery College's journey through the Covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Yoeli Heather , Ryan Angela , Hensby Cath , Habermehl Fiona , Burton Sarah , Sin Jacqueline 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe Covid‐19 restrictions of 2020–2021 are known to have undermined the UK population's mental health. Working alongside staff, peer trainers and students at Recovery in Mind (RiM), a Recovery College (RC) in West Berkshire, England, this mixed‐methods study is amongst the first to investigate how an RC has responded to the pandemic.MethodsWorking in co‐production with RiM staff and peer‐trainers, this study employed a mixed‐methods design, gathering Warwick‐Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS) well‐being outcome measures by questionnaire and student experience, learning and co‐production by interviews.FindingsThis research found that RiM continued to produce demonstrable improvements in student mental health. Students welcomed the way that RiM adapted to offering online and socially distanced provisions. Students valued the skills that RiM taught and the way that RiM courses reinforced prior learning; above this, however, they valued the mutual support and sense of community that participation provided.ConclusionThis study underlines the value of RCs maintaining ‘hidden curriculums’ of peer support and community involvement. This research emphasizes co‐production as not only a tool for empowerment or service improvement but as a valuable skill for personal mental health recovery. Even when operating under the most unforeseen or challenging of conditions, RCs should always endeavour to prioritize and maintain co‐production.Patient or Public ContributionIn accordance with the RC ethos, this was an entirely co‐produced study, with academic researchers and RiM staff and peer trainers working democratically in partnership with one another to design and manage the study and to write up and disseminate findings. To ensure the independence and rigour of findings, data analysis was undertaken by external academic researchers.
Stigma towards patients with mental illness: An online survey of United States nurses
Authors: Kolb Kristen , Liu Jianfang , Jackman Kasey 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPeople with mental illness experience significant health disparities, including morbidity and premature mortality. Evidence suggests that stigma is a contributing factor to these observed inequities. The tripartite conceptualization of stigma proposes that three problems underlie stigma: problems of knowledge (ignorance), attitudes (prejudice) and behaviour (discrimination). There is limited prior research concerning stigma towards mental illness among nurses in the United States (US). The aims of this study were to assess stigma among US nurses towards patients with mental illness, compare the stigma expressed by nurses working in medical/surgical settings with mental health settings, and identify factors associated with stigma. Participants were recruited online from national professional nursing organizations in the US. We collected demographic data and administered measures of mental health stigma and stigma‐related mental health knowledge. Mental health nurses demonstrated comparatively lower levels of stigma and higher levels of knowledge than the medical/surgical nurses. Nursing speciality and personal contact with mental illness were the most significant predictors of stigma and knowledge. Knowledge was found to partially mediate the relationship between nursing speciality and stigma. We found support for the ‘contact hypothesis’, that is, having a personal experience of mental illness or a friend or family member who has a mental illness is associated with lower stigma towards mental illness. These findings support the development of contact‐based and educational anti‐stigma interventions for nurses in order to reduce stigma towards mental illness.
Estimated mortality due to seasonal influenza in southeast of Iran, 2006/2007 to 2011/2012 influenza seasons
Authors: Khajehkazemi Razieh , Baneshi Mohammad Reza , Iuliano Angela Danielle , Roguski Katherine M. , Sharifi Hamid , Bresee Joseph , Haghdoost AliAkbar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundGlobal estimates showed an estimate of up to 650,000 seasonal influenza‐associated respiratory deaths annually. However, the mortality rate of seasonal influenza is unknown for most countries in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region, including Iran. We aimed to estimate the excess mortality attributable to seasonal influenza in Kerman province, southeast Iran for the influenza seasons 2006/2007–2011/2012.MethodsWe applied a Serfling model to the weekly total pneumonia and influenza (PI) mortality rate during winter to define the epidemic periods and to the weekly age‐specific PI, respiratory, circulatory, and all‐cause deaths during non‐epidemic periods to estimate baseline mortality. The excess mortality was calculated as the difference between observed and predicted mortality. Country estimates were obtained by multiplying the estimated annual excess death rates by the populations of Iran.ResultsWe estimated an annual average excess of 40 PI, 100 respiratory, 94 circulatory, and 306 all‐cause deaths attributable to seasonal influenza in Kerman; corresponding to annual rates of 1.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–1.8) PI, 3.6 (95% CI 2.6–4.8) respiratory, 3.4 (95% CI 2.1–5.2) circulatory, and 11.0 (95% CI 7.3–15.6) all‐cause deaths per 100,000 population. Adults ≥75 years accounted for 56% and 53% of all excess respiratory and circulatory deaths, respectively. At country level, we would expect an annual of 1119 PI to 8792 all‐cause deaths attributable to seasonal influenza.ConclusionsOur findings help to define the mortality burden of seasonal influenza, most of which affects adults aged ≥75 years. This study supports influenza prevention and vaccination programs in older adults.
Thermal properties of HfN‐MoW surrogate cermet fuel for nuclear thermal propulsion
Authors: Mudd James F. , Watts Jeremy , Rosales Jhonathan , Wilkerson Ryan P. , Taylor Brian , Fahrenholtz William , Hilmas Gregory , Graham Joseph 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe thermal properties of MoW‐HfN, a surrogate cermet for MoW‐UN nuclear thermal propulsion fuel, were characterized over a wide range of elevated temperatures. Thermal diffusivity, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), and heat capacity were measured. Optical and scanning electron microscopy were performed to characterize the microstructure and draw structure–property correlations. The thermal diffusivity was obtained using the laser flash method. Diffusivity values ranged from about 0.18 cm2/s at 200°C to 0.15 cm2/s at 1800°C. The CTE was measured using push‐rod dilatometry up to 1600°C, giving values between 6.0 and 9.0 μm/m. A scientific rationalization of the effective material properties is made using the rule‐of‐mixtures and other effective properties models.
Temperature‐dependent elastic and thermodynamic properties of ZrC, HfC, and their solid solutions (Zr0.5Hf0.5)C
Authors: Jiang Jieqiang , Shi Zuhao , Arramel  , Zhang Jinyong , Deng Tengfei , Li Neng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractZirconium carbide (ZrC) and hafnium carbide (HfC) have been identified as ultrahigh temperature ceramics with excellent thermal conductivity performance. The temperature profiles of ZrC and HfC have been studied; however, the temperature‐dependent of solid solution of (Zr0.5Hf0.5)C is still lacking. Herein, we report the temperature‐dependent elastic and thermodynamic properties of (Zr0.5Hf0.5)C using first‐principles calculations. The covalent characters of ZrC, HfC, and (Zr0.5Hf0.5)C are weakened at high temperatures by analyzing their respective electronic structures. In addition, the equilibrium volumes at different temperatures can be determined from the energy–volume (E–V) curves under the quasi‐harmonic approximation. Throughout the temperature ranges studied, the HfC material shows the highest bulk modulus and lowest thermal expansion. When T > 1000 K, (Zr0.5Hf0.5)C exhibits better shear and Young's modulus performance close to HfC and shows the highest anisotropy. The lattice thermal conductivity decreased as temperature increased for ZrC, HfC, and (Zr0.5Hf0.5)C, and (Zr0.5Hf0.5)C has the smallest lattice thermal conductivity. These results provide fundamental and useful information for the practical application of ZrC, HfC, and (Zr0.5Hf0.5)C.