bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulating the progression of brain structural alterations in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Park Chang-hyun , Shin Na-Young , Yoo Sang-Won , Seo Haeseok , Yoon Uicheul , Yoo Ji-Yeon , Ahn Kookjin , Kim Joong-Seok 
Published: June 2022

AbstractConsidering brain structural alterations as neurodegenerative consequences of Parkinson's disease (PD), we sought to infer the progression of PD via the ordering of brain structural alterations from cross-sectional MRI observations. Having measured cortical thinning in gray matter (GM) regions and disintegrity in white matter (WM) regions as MRI markers of structural alterations for 130 patients with PD (69 ± 10 years, 72 men), stochastic simulation based on the probabilistic relationship between the brain regions was conducted to infer the ordering of structural alterations across all brain regions and the staging of structural alterations according to changes in clinical status. The ordering of structural alterations represented WM disintegrity tending to occur earlier than cortical thinning. The staging of structural alterations indicated structural alterations happening mostly before major disease complications such as postural instability and dementia. Later disease states predicted by the sequence of structural alterations were significantly related to more severe clinical symptoms. The relevance of the ordering of brain structural alterations to the severity of clinical symptoms suggests the clinical feasibility of predicting PD progression states.
A Global Building Occupant Behavior Database
Authors: Dong Bing , Liu Yapan , Mu Wei , Jiang Zixin , Pandey Pratik , Hong Tianzhen , Olesen Bjarne , Lawrence Thomas , O’Neil Zheng , Andrews Clinton , Azar Elie , Bandurski Karol , Bardhan Ronita , Bavaresco Mateus , Berger Christiane , Burry Jane , Carlucci Salvatore , Chvatal Karin , De Simone Marilena , Erba Silvia , Gao Nan , Graham Lindsay T. , Grassi Camila , Jain Rishee , Kumar Sanjay , Kjærgaard Mikkel , Korsavi Sepideh , Langevin Jared , Li Zhengrong , Lipczynska Aleksandra , Mahdavi Ardeshir , Malik Jeetika , Marschall Max , Nagy Zoltan , Neves Leticia , O’Brien William , Pan Song , Park June Young , Pigliautile Ilaria , Piselli Cristina , Pisello Anna Laura , Rafsanjani Hamed Nabizadeh , Rupp Ricardo Forgiarini , Salim Flora , Schiavon Stefano , Schwee Jens , Sonta Andrew , Touchie Marianne , Wagner Andreas , Walsh Sinead , Wang Zhe , Webber David M. , Yan Da , Zangheri Paolo , Zhang Jingsi , Zhou Xiang , Zhou Xin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper introduces a database of 34 field-measured building occupant behavior datasets collected from 15 countries and 39 institutions across 10 climatic zones covering various building types in both commercial and residential sectors. This is a comprehensive global database about building occupant behavior. The database includes occupancy patterns (i.e., presence and people count) and occupant behaviors (i.e., interactions with devices, equipment, and technical systems in buildings). Brick schema models were developed to represent sensor and room metadata information. The database is publicly available, and a website was created for the public to access, query, and download specific datasets or the whole database interactively. The database can help to advance the knowledge and understanding of realistic occupancy patterns and human-building interactions with building systems (e.g., light switching, set-point changes on thermostats, fans on/off, etc.) and envelopes (e.g., window opening/closing). With these more realistic inputs of occupants’ schedules and their interactions with buildings and systems, building designers, energy modelers, and consultants can improve the accuracy of building energy simulation and building load forecasting.
Electrospun polycaprolactone nanofibrous membranes loaded with baicalin for antibacterial wound dressing
Authors: Zeng Weiwei , Cheng Nga-man , Liang Xia , Hu Haofeng , Luo Fulin , Jin Jia , Li Ya-wei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDue to the rise in bacterial resistance, the antibacterial extractions from Chinese herbs have been used more frequently for wound care. In this work, baicalin, an extraction from the Chinese herb Scutellaria baicalensis, was utilized as the antibacterial component in the poly(ε-caprolactone)/MXene (PCL/Ti3C2TX) hybrid nanofibrous membranes for wound dressing. The results revealed that the presence of Ti3C2TX aided in the diameter reduction of the electrospun nanofibers. The PCL hybrid membrane containing 3 wt% Ti3C2TX nanoflakes and 5 wt% baicalin exhibited the smallest mean diameter of 210 nm. Meanwhile, the antibacterial tests demonstrated that the PCL ternary hybrid nanofibers containing Ti3C2TX and baicalin exhibited adequate antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacterial S. aureus due to the good synergistic effects of Ti3C2TX naoflakes and baicalin. The addition of Ti3C2TX nanoflakes and baicalin could significantly improve the hydrophilicity of the membranes, resulting in the release of baicalin from the nanofibers. In addition, the cytotoxicity of the nanofibers on rat skeletal myoblast L6 cells confirmed their good compatibility with these PCL-based nanofibrous membrances. This work offers a feasible way to prepare antibacterial nanofibrous membranes using Chinese herb extraction for wound dressing applications.
Cognitive fatigue due to exercise under normobaric hypoxia is related to hypoxemia during exercise
Authors: Ochi Genta , Kuwamizu Ryuta , Suwabe Kazuya , Fukuie Takemune , Hyodo Kazuki , Soya Hideaki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe previously found that a 10-min bout of moderate-intensity exercise (50% maximal oxygen uptake) under normobaric and hypoxic conditions (fraction of inspired oxygen [$${{\text{F}}_\text{IO}}_{_{2}}$$FIO2] = 0.135) reduced executive performance and neural activity in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). To examine whether this cognitive fatigue is due to a decrease in SpO2during exercise, we compared executive performance and related prefrontal activation between two experimental conditions, in which the participants inhaled normobaric hypoxic gas ($${{\text{F}}_\text{IO}}_{_{2}}$$FIO2= 0.135) (hypoxic exercise [HE]) or hypoxic gas adjusted so that SpO2during exercise remained at the resting level (milder hypoxic exercise [ME]). ME condition showed that reaction time in executive performance decreased (t[13] = 2.228,P < 0.05,d = 0.34, pairedt-test) and left DLPFC activity increased (t[13] = -2.376,P < 0.05,d = 0.63, pairedt-test) after exercise compared with HE condition. These results showed that the HE-induced reductions in the left DLPFC activity and executive performance were both suppressed in the ME condition, supporting the hypothesis that exercise-induced cognitive fatigue under hypoxic environment is due to hypoxemia during exercise. This may lead to the development of a method of coping with cognitive fatigue due to exercise that causes hypoxemia.
Repurposing antiviral phytochemicals from the leaf extracts of Spondias mombin (Linn) towards the identification of potential SARSCOV-2 inhibitors
Authors: Boadu Akwasi , Agoni Clement , Karpoormath Rajshekhar , Soliman Mahmoud , Nlooto Manimbulu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a pneumonia-like disease with a pattern of acute respiratory symptoms, currently remains a significant public health concern causing tremendous human suffering. Although several approved vaccines exist, vaccine hesitancy, limited vaccine availability, high rate of viral mutation, and the absence of approved drugs account for the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 infections. The investigation of possibly repurposing of phytochemical compounds as therapeutic alternatives has gained momentum due to their reported affordability and minimal toxicity. This study investigated anti-viral phytochemical compounds from ethanolic leaf extracts ofSpondias mombinL as potential inhibitor candidates against SARS-CoV-2. We identified Geraniin and 2-O-Caffeoyl-(+)-allohydroxycitric acid as potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor candidates targeting the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent polymerase receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 viral S-protein and the 3C-like main protease (3CLpro). Geraniin exhibited binding free energy (ΔGbind) of − 25.87 kcal/mol and − 21.74 kcal/mol towards SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent polymerase and receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 viral S-protein respectively, whereas 2-O-Caffeoyl-(+)-allohydroxycitric acid exhibited a ΔGbind of − 32 kcal/mol towards 3CLpro. Molecular Dynamics simulations indicated a possible interference to the functioning of SARS-CoV-2 targets by the two identified inhibitors. However, further in vitro and in vivo evaluation of these potential SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic inhibitor candidates is needed.
Prediction of grain structure after thermomechanical processing of U-10Mo alloy using sensitivity analysis and machine learning surrogate model
Authors: Fu Yucheng , Frazier William E. , Choi Kyoo Sil , Li Lei , Xu Zhijie , Joshi Vineet V. , Soulami Ayoub 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHot rolling and annealing are critical intermediate steps for controlling microstructures and thickness variations when fabricating uranium alloyed with 10% molybdenum (U-10Mo), which is highly relevant to worldwide nuclear non-proliferation efforts. This work proposes a machine-learning surrogate model combined with sensitivity analysis to identify and predict U-10Mo microstructure development during thermomechanical processing. Over 200 simulations were collected using physics-based microstructure models covering a wide range of thermomechanical processing routes and initial alloy grain features. Based on the sensitivity analysis, we determined that an increase in rolling reduction percentage at each processing pass has the strongest effect in reducing the grain size. Multi-pass rolling and annealing can significantly improve recrystallization regardless of the reduction percentage. With a volume fraction below 2%, uranium carbide particles were found to have marginal effects on the average grain size and distribution. The proposed stratified stacking ensemble surrogate predicts the U-10Mo grain size with a mean square error four times smaller than a standard single deep neural network. At the same time, with a significant speedup (1000×) compared to the physics-based model, the machine learning surrogate shows good potential for U-10Mo fabrication process optimization.
Morphological variation and reproductive isolation in the Hetaerina americana species complex
Authors: Vega-Sánchez Yesenia Margarita , Mendoza-Cuenca Luis , González-Rodríguez Antonio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIncomplete premating barriers in closely related species may result in reproductive interference. This process has different fitness consequences and can lead to three scenarios: niche segregation, sexual exclusion, or reproductive character displacement. In morphologically cryptic species, isolation barriers can be difficult to recognize. Here, we analyzed the morphological, behavioral, and genetic differences between two sympatric cryptic species of the genus Hetaerina to determine the characters that contribute the most to reproductive isolation and the effect of the high rates of behavior interference between the species. We found complete genetic isolation and significant differences in the morphometry of caudal appendages and wing shape, as well as body size variation between species. In contrast, we did not find clear differences in the coloration of the wing spot and observed high rates of interspecific aggression. Our results suggest that divergence in the shape of the caudal appendages is the principal pre-mating barrier that prevents interspecific mating. Moreover, a scenario of character displacement on body size was found. Nevertheless, size could play an important role in both inter- and intrasexual interactions and, therefore, we cannot differentiate if it has resulted from reproductive or aggressive interference.
Difference in topographic morphology of optic nerve head and neuroretinal rim between normal tension glaucoma and central retinal artery occlusion
Authors: Kim Ji-Ah , Lee Eun Ji , Kim Tae-Woo , Woo Se Joon 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) has its own defining pathomechanism and clinical characteristics, morphologic feature of the optic nerve head (ONH) during its later stage is not diagnostic, which makes it difficult to differentiate CRAO from other optic neuropathies. This cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the differences in the topographic morphology of the ONH in eyes with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) and CRAO. Thirty-one eyes with NTG; 31 eyes with CRAO; and 31 healthy fellow eyes of the subjects with CRAO were included. ONH morphology was evaluated by measuring horizontal rim width (HRW), minimal rim width in the selected horizontal image (MRW), and lamina cribrosa curvature index (LCCI) in horizontal B-scan images obtained using enhanced depth-imaging optical coherence tomography. HRW was smaller and LCCI was larger in NTG eyes than in both CRAO and healthy fellow eyes (both P < 0.001), while both were comparable between CRAO and healthy fellow eyes. MRW differed significantly among the three groups, being smallest in NTG eyes followed by CRAO and healthy fellow eyes (P < 0.001). NTG and CRAO eyes with a similar degree of RNFL loss differed in ONH morphology, indicating that mechanisms of ONH damage differ between these two conditions.
Relation between dry eye and myopia based on tear film breakup time, higher order aberration, choroidal thickness, and axial length
Authors: Hazra Debabrata , Yotsukura Erisa , Torii Hidemasa , Mori Kiwako , Maruyama Tomoki , Ogawa Mamoru , Hanyuda Akiko , Tsubota Kazuo , Kurihara Toshihide , Negishi Kazuno 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the association between dry eye disease (DED) and myopia by evaluating higher order aberrations (HOAs) and choroidal thickness (CT). We recruited 72 myopic children with DED symptoms (mean age 12.8 years), measured the tear film breakup time (TBUT), corneal/intraocular/total ocular HOAs, CT, and axial length (AL), administered lifestyle questionnaires, and evaluated the relationships among TBUT, HOAs, CT, and AL. The TBUT was correlated significantly with the corneal HOAs and intraocular HOAs but not with the total ocular HOAs. Multiple regression analyses showed that the AL was associated significantly with the TBUT (β = − 0.067, P = 0.004), the intraocular HOAs, and total ocular HOAs but not with the corneal HOAs. The CT was associated significantly with the TBUT and AL (β = 9.15 and − 7.85, respectively; P < 0.001 and = 0.01, respectively). Our data suggested the association between DED and myopia might be independent of the HOAs. We showed that the TBUT was associated with the CT, which is related to the AL. Because the parasympathetic nervous system affects the lacrimal glands and CT, the parasympathetic nervous system might be a common upstream factor in the association between DED and myopia.
Improve the product structural robustness based on network motifs in product development
Authors: Ni Yongbo , Ou Yingxia , Li Yupeng , Zhang Na 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe stability and safety of products will be reduced if product structures are vulnerable to failures of key components. Existing methods for improving product structural robustness mainly focus on some key components, but they cannot provide designers with universal and explicit structure optimization strategies. From the viewpoint of product structural networks, the motif is the fundamental meta-structure, and it is efficient to analyse product structural properties. Motivated by this, strategies to improve product structural robustness are explored by considering relationships between typical motifs and product structural robustness. First, product structural networks are constructed by collecting the structural information of a series of product generations. Second, typical (anti-) motifs are identified based on an enumeration algorithm, and the robustness is measured considering the largest connected cluster. Then, relationships between the frequency of different motifs and product structural robustness are obtained through principal component regression. The results of a case study on the smartphone show that anti-motifs are negative for product structural robustness. Motifs with loop structures are positive for product structural robustness. Accordingly, relevant strategies to improve product structural robustness in product development are developed.
Aerodynamics of two parallel bristled wings in low Reynolds number flow
Authors: Wu Yu Kai , Liu Yan Peng , Sun Mao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMost of the smallest flying insects use bristled wings. It was observed that during the second half of their upstroke, the left and right wings become parallel and close to each other at the back, and move upward at zero angle of attack. In this period, the wings may produce drag (negative vertical force) and side forces which tend to push two wings apart. Here we study the aerodynamic forces and flows of two simplified bristled wings experiencing such a motion, compared with the case of membrane wings (flat-plate wings), to see if there is any advantage in using the bristled wings. The method of computational fluid dynamics is used in the study. The results are as follows. In the motion of two bristled wings, the drag acting on each wing is 40% smaller than the case of a single bristled wing conducting the same motion, and only a very small side force is produced. But in the case of the flat-plate wings, although there is similar drag reduction, the side force on each wing is larger than that of the bristled wing by an order of magnitude (the underlying physical reason is discussed in the paper). Thus, if the smallest insects use membrane wings, their flight muscles need to overcome large side forces in order to maintain the intended motion for less negative lift, whereas using bristled wings do not have this problem. Therefore, the adoption of bristled wings can be beneficial during upward movement of the wings near the end of the upstroke, which may be one reason why most of the smallest insects adopt them.
Mutations in the miR-142 gene are not common in myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Galka-Marciniak Paulina , Kanduła Zuzanna , Tire Adrian , Wegorek Wladyslaw , Gwozdz-Bak Kinga , Handschuh Luiza , Giefing Maciej , Lewandowski Krzysztof , Kozlowski Piotr 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecent data indicate that MIR142 is the most frequently mutated miRNA gene and one of the most frequently mutated noncoding elements in all cancers, with mutations occurring predominantly in blood cancers, especially diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma. Functional analyses show that the MIR142 alterations have profound consequences for lympho- and myelopoiesis. Furthermore, one of the targets downregulated by miR-142-5p is CD274, which encodes PD-L1 that is elevated in many cancer types, including myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). To extend knowledge about the occurrence of MIR142 mutations, we sequenced the gene in a large panel of MPNs [~ 700 samples, including polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, primary myelofibrosis (PMF), and chronic myeloid leukemia], neoplasm types in which such mutations have never been tested, and in panels of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We identified 3 mutations (one in a PMF sample and two others in one CLL sample), indicating that MIR142 mutations are rare in MPNs. In summary, mutations in MIR142 are rare in MPNs; however, in specific subtypes, such as PMF, their frequency may be comparable to that observed in CLL or AML.
Diffuse radio emission from non-Planckgalaxy clusters in the LoTSS-DR2 fields
Authors: Hoang D. N. , Brüggen M. , Botteon A. , Shimwell T. W. , Zhang X. , Bonafede A. , Bruno L. , Bonnassieux E. , Cassano R. , Cuciti V. , Drabent A. , de Gasperin F. , Gastaldello F. , Di Gennaro G. , Hoeft M. , Jones A. , Pignataro G. V. , Röttgering H. J. A. , Simionescu A. , van Weeren R. J. 
Published: June 2022

Context.The presence of large-scale magnetic fields and ultra-relativistic electrons in the intra-cluster medium (ICM) is confirmed through the detection of diffuse radio synchrotron sources, so-called radio halos and relics. Due to their steep-spectrum nature, these sources are rarely detected at frequencies above a few gigahertz, especially in low-mass systems.Aims.The aim of this study is to discover and characterise diffuse radio sources in low-mass galaxy clusters in order to understand their origin and their scaling with host cluster properties.Methods.We searched for cluster-scale radio emission from low-mass galaxy clusters in the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) Two-metre Sky Survey – Data Release 2 (LoTSS-DR2) fields. We made use of existing optical (Abell, DESI, WHL) and X-ray (comPRASS, MCXC) catalogues. The LoTSS-DR2 data were processed further to improve the quality of the images that are used to detect and characterise diffuse sources.Results.We detect diffuse radio emission in 28 galaxy clusters. The numbers of confirmed (candidates) halos and relics are six (seven) and 10 (three), respectively. Among these, 11 halos and 10 relics, including candidates, are newly discovered by LOFAR. In addition to these, five diffuse sources are detected in tailed radio galaxies and are probably associated with mergers during the formation of the host clusters. We are unable to classify a further 13 diffuse sources. We compare our newly detected, diffuse sources to known sources by placing them on the scaling relation between the radio power and the mass of the host clusters.