bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The local bifurcation analysis of two preys stage-structured predator model with anti-predator behavior
Authors: Alabacy Zina Kh. , Majeed Azhar A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper deals with two preys and stage-structured predator model with anti-predator behavior. Sufficient conditions that ensure the appearance of local and Hopf bifurcation of the system have been achieved, and it’s observed that near the free predator, the free second prey and the free first prey equilibrium points there are transcritical or pitchfork and no saddle node. While near the coexistence equilibrium point there is transcritical, pitchfork and saddle node bifurcation. For the Hopf bifurcation near the coexistence equilibrium point have been studied. Further, numerical analysis has been used to validate the main results.
Global Convergence Analysis of a new Hybrid Conjugate Gradient Method for Unconstraint Optimization Problems
Authors: Fathy Basma T. , Younis Maha S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, we introduce a novel hybrid conjugate gradient [CG] to solve an efficient and effective unconstrained optimization problem. The parameterθkis a convex combination of the conjugate gradient methodβkBA2andβkFR. Under strong Wolfe line search conditions (SWC), we have shown that this method is globally convergent, and the proposed hybrid CG method is able to generate a descending search direction at each iteration. The numerical results presented, in this paper demonstrate that the proposed strategy is both effective and promising.
Study of the Electronic and Spectrum Properties for a Medication Hydroxychloroquine
Authors: Jawad Huda M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Calculated the electronics and vibrational properties of the medicine hydroxy-chloroquine nanoparticles based on the fitting of their UV–vis spectra, transmittable, IR, Raman spectrum, Electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and HOMO and LUMO, These properties were theoretically studied using Gaussian 09 program. The result shows the stability of hydroxy-chloroquine. The longer wavelength that (500 nm) means high absorbance and less energy. Transmittable, the highest transmittable value in the region is (0 - 3000cm-1) and (2600-1250 cm-1) is offset by the lowest absorption here, the sample has good transparency characteristics at this region. Infrared spectrum, the area (2900 cm-1) it is for the carbon and hydrogen Single bond C-H, and hybridization type sp3. Raman scattering, electronic effect on bond C-H in the area (2800 cm-1) is very large and this bond type stretch. Electronic circular dichroism (ECD), when finding the sign of one or more bands can be an AC limitation. A positive skew angle is foretelling to become connected CD of the low-lying p−p* move at about 600 nm; certainly, for a negative CD, can find a negative angle is expected.
Biosynthesis of Sulphur Nanoparticles and discovering its effectiveness for some biological applications
Authors: mashkoor Salam Jumah , Mahan Nazar Khalaf , Rasool Khetam Habeeb , Abd Ahmed N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this research, sulfur nanoparticles were prepared using the plant synthesis method, and the particles were identified through biological equipment for the purpose of adding them for application purposes. The structural, surface, and optical properties of S-NPs were investigated. Transmittance and band gap were calculated using an optical approach to explore the optical properties. Surface and structural properties of the film were investigated using SEM micrographs and an X-ray diffraction pattern, respectively. The antibacterial and antifungal potential of S-NPs has been identified after extensive research.
The Effect of the Distance between the Cylindrical Poles of the Electrostatic Quadrupole Deflector on the Trajectory of Charged Particles
Authors: Sultan Jaafar J , Hussein Oday A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The impact of the electrostatic quadrupole deflector diameter (E.Q.D.D) on the image characteristics and efficiency of the 90°quadrupole deflector was explored. For electrostatic quadrupole deflectors (E.Q.D) of various diameters, a comparison of aberration figures, electron beam kinetic energy, and fight time was done. The results revealed that when the E.Q.D.D of the E.Q.D was two and a half times greater than the electrode radius, the best image could be created at the image plane (r).
The Effect of Concentrator Radius on The Performance of a Solar Photovoltaic Concentrating System With a Parabolic Dish
Authors: Alaziz H L. Abd , Shneishil Alaa H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe concept of concentrating solar photovoltaic energy has gained a lot of traction in recent years. In this paper, a design model for a concentrator photovoltaic parabolic dish with multi-junction solar cells is theoretically analyzed by using equations which are simulated in the MATLAB program under the effect of concentrator radius during one month (June) for rim angles of 55o, 65o, 75o, and 85o, during six months at rim angle 55o, and for 12 months with rim angles of 55o, 65o, 75o, and 85o and a radius of (0.25m). The efficiency of the system has been calculated. The findings revealed that the concentration ratio increases as the concentrator’s radius increases. The best value of the concentration ratio is 4500 at rim angle 55° and a radius of 1 m, which gives an input power 39 times higher than the input power at rim angle 85° in June. The input power increases as the radius of the concentrator increases, and it is valued about 310 W in January and becomes 385 W in May, which is 1.2 times higher in comparison to the other. The best value of input power for rim angle 55o and radius of 0.25m is (24 W) in May, which gives output power of 9.5W.
Photonic crystal analysis for multiplexer and de-multiplexer applications
Authors: Mohammed M , Cel W 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In our present work, we have made an investigation of several theoretical tools using the finite element method depending on the COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS program, for intuitive insight into the optical properties of the optical crystal. Analysis of the bandgap of a two-dimensional periodic photonic crystal with square lattice, evaluate the photonic band structure by the eigenfrequency of the unit cell of the first Brillouin zone. Moreover, creating defect mode inside the bandgap of photonic crystal, such as a resonant cavity, waveguide defect, narrowband filter, sharp drop filter, channel drop filter, waveguide bends, waveguide splitter promises us to a platform to design devices that includes a certain optical range of wavelengths. The transmission, as a result, the influence of the light localized in the defect area of the periodic structure of the photonic crystal. This study is important for producing photonic integrated circuits based on photonic crystals for future advanced optical communication.
Interaction of near-cathode plasma layers with thermionic electrodes under high pressure arc plasma
Authors: Jassam H F , Ali R A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Theoretical calculations and simulation data were presented to study the effect of the Xe-Dy mixture on properties of arc plasma. The effect of voltage, concentration and temperature on current flow density, power flux density and cathode temperature were studied. Different concentrations of Dysprosium (0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 mol) were used. The program (NCBL) was used in this work. Results showed a clear effect of concentration on plasma parameters, especially at the highest concentration, in addition to the effect of voltage. We notice that the current density increases from ≥3500k), while (3500 – 5000k) increases for all concentrations due to collisions as well as density of flowing energy For all the concentrations mentioned, we noticed that there is a clear effect of the temperature (≥ 3500k) on current density where increases and from (3500- 5000). we noticed an increase in the current density as well as the voltage especially at (25v) where the current and the energy overflow density increase due to elastic and inelastic collisions because acceleration of electrons with an increase in voltage.
Prediction of the performance of a solar PV system in Baghdad, Iraq
Authors: Yaseen Mohammed Jawad , Kasim Naseer K. , Atwan Ahmed F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The world is actively seeking alternatives to traditional energy sources amid increasing demand for energy as a result of population growth, the development of technologies, and the environmental pollution caused by traditional energy sources and their tendency to deplete. Renewable energy sources are one of the most promising sources, mainly solar energy, which is the source of most of these sources. The goal of this work is to analyze data collected by the Al-Rashidiya meteorological station to predict the performance of solar PV modules (NT-R0E3E-SHARP) in this geographical area. Depending on the data from the Al-Rashidiya meteorological station, each of the tilted global solar radiation, cell temperature, output power, and electric conversion efficiency was calculated by using the PV model. The results indicated that the annual solar radiation incident in Baghdad with the horizontal plane was 1834kWh/m2/year with an annual peak sun hours (solar fuel) of 5, and the degradation percentage in the electrical conversion efficiency of monocrystalline silicon solar cells ranged between 2% in winter to 11% in summer. From the results of the present work, it can be concluded that Baghdad’s geographical area and surroundings are promising for investing in solar energy to produce electricity.
The effect of Ag2O/NbO2 nanostructures on the dielectric characteristics of PVA/PVP bled used in electronics
Authors: Obaid Sroor Fadhil , Kadhim Raheem G 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Nanocomposites may be employed in a wide range of applications, including as biosensors, diodes, antibacterial, transistors, and so on. In the current study, a new type of nanocomposites (PVA-PVP-Ag2O-NbO2) were prepared by solution casting method. The polymeric mixture (polyvinyl alcohol-polyvinylpyrrolidone) was produced with various polyvinyl alcohol concentration (50 wt. %), polyvinylpyrrolidone (50% wt.%), as well as niobium oxides and silver nanoparticles oxides were added to the polymeric mixture with different percentages, which are (0.0025, 0.005, 0.0075 and 0.01 wt. percent). The effect of each of the niobium oxide nanoparticles and silver oxide nanoparticles on A.C was studied. The alternating electrical properties were studied at room temperature in the frequency range (100Hz-5MHz). Results of the experiment showed an increase of both the dielectric constant and the alternating conductivity of electricity and the loss of dielectric of polymeric mixture (PVA-PVP) an increase in increasing concentrations of niobium oxide nanoparticles and silver oxide nanoparticles, and the dielectric loss and dielectric constant of nanocomposites (PVA-PVP-Ag2O-NbO2) a rise in increasing in the applied electric field’s frequency, and alternating With increasing frequency, electrical conductivity increases.
Inhibitory Effect of Bi2O3NPs Produced by green synthesis method
Authors: Faraj Marwa A. , Jabbar Mushtak A. , Abd Ahmed N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Because of its medical and biological uses, green nanoparticle production has gotten a lot of attention. Bismuth oxide nanoparticles (Bi2O3 NP) were synthesized using aqueous extract from cocoa plants in this study, and the result was examined using an ultraviolet-visible, spectro-photometer, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy, The samples’ antibacterial activity was tested against a variety of microorganisms.
The anti-bacterial activity of Selenium dioxide Nano-particles and prospects for the future
Authors: Baqi Zainab Hamzah , Nasser Zainab Shaker , Sulaiman Luay Hamid , Abd Ahmed N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
As an alternative to antibiotics, nanoparticles are increasingly being employed to target bacteria. Nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize the treatment of bacterial infections. Biosynthesis is becoming increasingly popular as a cutting-edge method for producing functionally diverse Nanoparticles with enormous therapeutic potential. Various biological resources have already proven their ability to manufacture Nano-particles with unique properties. They have a diverse and distinct pool of possibly therapeutic secondary metabolites that can reduce metallic ions to Nano-particles. Selenium dioxide Nano-particles were made from Cinnamomum cassia extract (NPs). The created Selenium dioxides were examined using a variety of techniques, including XRD, UV-Vis, and TEM. Two bacteria were used to investigate the anti-bacterial effect.
Effect of Solar Cell Temperature on The Performance of Compound Parabolic Solar PV Concentrator
Authors: Hussein Hussein F , Shneishil Alaa H 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a concentrating photovoltaic system (CPV) by using a compound parabolic concentrator and a monocrystalline solar module has been designed and studied theoretically under a concentration ratio of 3.16x. The performance the system is studied over the course of the day from 8:00 AM to 16:00 PM for 12 months under Iraq-Baghdad conditions. Current in a short circuit (Isc), voltage in an open circuit (Voc) as well as maximum power (Pm) are calculated with and without a concentrator under constant solar module temperature (25°C). The results indicated that the optimum value of output power can be obtained on June 21, which is about 246.9W for CPV. In the second part, the effect of solar cell temperature within a range of 25 °C−115 °C on its performance has been studied for the optimum day of the year, June 21st. The output power of the device may be viewed in CPV is 246.9 W in comparison to the flat PV module, which gives 83.44W under solar cell temperature of 25°C and decreases to 125.3W and 40W under cell temperature of 115°C for the CPV and flat module, respectively.
Predictive Maintenance with PCA Approach for Multi Automated Railroad Crossing System (ARCS) in The Framework of Prognostic and Health Management (PHM) Planning
Authors: Rosyidi M. , Bismantoko Sahid , Haryono Asep , Chasanah Umi , Primadiyanti Suci Putri , Widodo Tri , Irawati Novi , Nugroho Sinung , Mulyadi Sinung H 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The existence of level crossings between railroads and road vehicles that do not have gates in areas far from crowds, such conditions require gates that are made automatically to avoid accidents. The Automated Railroad Crossing System (ARCS) is an automatically activated railroad crossing gate where train arrival information is obtained through sensors. For one level crossing, there are several electronic devices installed in the automatic railroad crossing system. It is planned that the automatic railroad crossing system will be installed at several level crossings. The problem is how to estimate the time to perform automatic railroad crossing maintenance at several different locations, For this reason, it is necessary to know the estimated remaining useful life (Remaining Useful Life) of the subsystems. The purpose of this research is to find the estimated remaining useful time (RUL) of the subsystem in the automatic railroad crossing system in order to estimate the time to perform maintenance. The process that is carried out to obtain the remaining useful time is through the Prognostic Health Management System development plan, while the analysis of the estimated remaining useful time is carried out using Principle Component Analysis (PCA), the results of this simulation show promising results to determine the estimated value of the remaining useful time. If it can be known the estimated remaining time of the benefit, it is hoped that the maintenance plan for each automatic railroad crossing system can be carried out more efficiently.
Optimize network intrusion detection system based on PCA feature extraction and three naïve bayes classifiers
Authors: kadom Shaymaa A , hashem Soukaena H , Jafer Shatha H 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRansomware has become one of the major threats to private organizations, state and local organizations in the last three years, especially since the WannaCry malware. Ransomware is a child in the malware family that hijacks users’ data and related resources using security measures such as cryptographic and then demands bitcoin in compensation for the data that has been encrypted. Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) are now needed to protect data from hackers and keep information systems and networks from getting hurt as much as possible. It examines and predicts user behavior, which is then classified as an assault or expected behavior. This study will present a suggestion to improve hybrid (anomaly-misuse) NIDS by experimenting with three different Nave Bayes (NB) classifiers: Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB), Multinomial Naive Bayes (MNB), and Complement Naive Bayes (CNB). To improve accuracy and reduce the computational time in NIDS, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) will be exploited. The UNSW-NB15 dataset was used to evaluate the suggested system’s performance, and the outcomes of the experiments are as follows: when using all features of UNSW-NB15 Datasets the Accuracy of GNB, MNB and CNB is 97%, 92%, and %94, when using PCA feature extraction with 10 PC the Accuracy of GNB, MNB and CNB is 100%, 88% and %100, when using PCA feature extraction with 20 PC the Accuracy of GNB, MNB and CNB is 100%, 92% and %100. When using PCA feature extraction with 30 PC, GNB, MNB, and CNB is 100%, 99%, and %100. According to the findings, 30 PCs improved the accuracy of the three algorithms and gave the best results, meaning that the increase in the number of PC leads to a rise in the system’s accuracy.
Speech recognition system based multi-level selective filter
Authors: Hassan Tariq A. , Ajel Rehab I. , Zubaidy Nadia Al 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this paper, an updated source-filter based method is used for speech recognition of English speakers. The key goal of this paper is to discuss the influence of using dynamic and selective Filterbank on the efficiency of the system in terms of identifying the word being said. Dynamic structures of the bandpass filter bank are clearly able to adjust their principles in conjunction with the speech database used. In this paper, the proposed methods adopted the idea of re-select or adjusting the filter parameters values at each iteration, in accordance with the word being processed. In other words, the values of the filter components (center frequencies and bandwidths) will adjust until it gets the best set of the filter components. The genetic algorithm (GA) will be used to maintain the components of the filter and each new population of the GA represents a new set of channels for the filter bank. Results show that the efficiency of the recognition system would be improved with each new set of filter components generated by the genetic algorithm. Speech recognition, Source-filter, Filterbank, genetic algorithm, adjusted filter, Dynamic system
Design and fabrication of piezoelectrically driven deformable reflective micromirrors based on MEMS technology
Authors: Wang Yi , Li Yigui 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
As the core component of the adaptive optics system, the deformable mirror is developing towards miniaturization and integration through the combination of MEMS technology. In this paper, based on the inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric materials, a piezoelectrically driven deformable reflective micromirror is designed and fabricated by physical vapor deposition, UV lithography, eutectic bonding, mechanical cutting, deep reactive ion etching (RIE) and other processes to complete the preparation of micromirrors. The problems related to the eutectic bonding process of PZT and Si in the fabrication of micromirrors are emphatically studied through tensile experiments. The micromirror was tested with a laser interferometer. The test results showed that the prepared micromirror could achieve a maximum deformation of 0.6 μm in the positive direction and 1.7 μm in the negative direction when a voltage of ±1.5 kV was applied.
An improved method for controllable growth of monolayer WSe2 and its optical characterization
Authors: zhang Wenhao , Yang Xi , Zhu Zhihong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Due to the van der Waals interaction between the transition metal sulfide layers, it can be stripped into a single atomic layer, and tungsten diselenides(WSe2) as one of the typical p-type semiconductors has become a research hotspot. WSe2 thin flakes have been successfully prepared by chemical vapor deposition(CVD) methods, but the synthesis conditions of WSe2 are usually highly sensitive and difficult to control, which makes it difficult to grow monolayer WSe2 with good lattice quality in a large area. Here, we use a new CVD growth method to improve the product quality, through the combination of reverse gas flow and rapid heating method to improve the nucleation and lattice quality of WSe2.This work will systematically study the effects of key growth conditions, focus on elucidating the growth mechanism, and optimize the growth parameters. In order to verify the preparation of monolayer and multi-layer WSe2 thin flakes with good lattice quality. WSe2 thin flakes were characterized by optical microscope, atomic force microscope, Raman spectrum and photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. Moreover, monolayer WSe2 and multi-layer WSe2 can be distinguished by Raman test and fluorescence spectrum test, and they have different characteristic peaks. We can judge whether the material is monolayer by observing the peak position.
Hierarchical heterostructure consists of Al3+ doped NiFe2O4 nanocubes on NiCo2O4 nanosheets for efficient electrocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Wang Xingzhao , Luo Jiabing , Zhou Yan , Zhang Jun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Spinels are advanced electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to oxophilic properties, however, their research in the field of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) or overall water splitting (OWS) is rarely reported. In this paper, a hierarchical heterostructure electrocatalyst consists of Al3+ doped NiFe2O4 nanocubes on NiCo2O4 nanosheet arrays (A-NCO@NFO/NF) was successfully prepared for electrocatalytic OWS. The preparing strategy is conducting [Fe(CN)6]3− anion exchange and Al3+ cation doping of NiCo(OH)x grown on nickel foam (NF) accompanied by subsequent air calcination. HRTEM confirmed that the successful formation of NCO/NFO heterointerface and the incorporation of Al3+ into the lattices of NCO and NFO. XPS indicated that the NCO/NFO heterojunction promotes the electron transfer from Ni to Fe, which is favorable for the adsorption of H+ during the HER process, and the Al3+ facilitates the electron transfer from Fe to Co, which is favorable for the formation of CoOOH active species during the OER process. The HER and OER overpotentials of the electrocatalyst are only 178 mV and 159 mV, respectively, and a current density of 10 mA cm−2 can be achieved with only 1.61 V applied during the OWS process, also with excellent stability for 25 h. This study provides a new idea for designing spinel-based green composite electrocatalysts.