bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Digital Trinity—Controllable Human Evolution—Implicit Everyday Religion
Authors: Latzer Michael 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHow can the ubiquitous digitalization in the early twenty-first century be grasped and characterized? A media-change perspective that focuses on innovation-driven, complex co-evolutionary processes distinguishes two phases of digitalization and points to the following characteristics of its second phase: digitalization is an intertwined bundle of socio-technological transformation processes that reveals itself as a trinity of datafication, algorithmization and platformization. On the industry and politics side, this co-evolutionary trinity is driven by the belief in a scientifically and technologically controllable human evolution, reflected in the pursuit of nano-bio-info-cogno convergence, and accordingly linked to a transhumanism standing for this belief. On the users’ side, the digital trinity is characterized and driven by the convergence of digital technology and religion in the form of an implicit everyday religion. These hallmarks of digitalization lead to a digitally transformed social order, shaped by the interplay of governancebyandofthis digital trinity, and challenged by growing complexity.
Challenges for environmental governance: policy issue interdependencies might not lead to collaboration
Authors: Hedlund Johanna , Nohrstedt Daniel , Morrison Tiffany , Moore Michele-Lee , Bodin Örjan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPolicy actors address complex environmental problems by engaging in multiple and often interdependent policy issues. Policy issue interdependencies imply that efforts by actors to address separate policy issues can either reinforce (‘win–win’) or counteract (‘trade-off’) each other. Thus, if interdependent issues are managed in isolation instead of being coordinated, the most effective and well-balanced solution to the underlying problem might never be realised. This study asks if reinforcing and counteracting interdependencies have different impacts on perception and collaboration. Our empirical study of collaborative water governance in the Norrström basin, Sweden, shows that policy actors often avoid collaborating when the policy issues exhibit reinforcing interdependencies. Our evidence indicates a perceived infeasibility of acting on reinforcing interdependencies. We also find that actors do not consider counteracting interdependencies (‘trade-offs’) at all when they engage in collaboration. Further, even though actors were aware of counteracting and reinforcing interdependencies, our analyses suggest they might be less aware of the former. These findings illustrate that actors either avoid each other due to policy issue interdependencies or, at best, ignore existing interdependencies when engaging in collaboration. Our study highlights the importance of problem perception in accomplishing integrated solutions to complex environmental problems, and of how understandings of different types of interdependencies shape collaboration in environmental governance.
Modal clustering of matrix-variate data
Authors: Ferraccioli Federico , Menardi Giovanna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe nonparametric formulation of density-based clustering, known as modal clustering, draws a correspondence between groups and the attraction domains of the modes of the density function underlying the data. Its probabilistic foundation allows for a natural, yet not trivial, generalization of the approach to the matrix-valued setting, increasingly widespread, for example, in longitudinal and multivariate spatio-temporal studies. In this work we introduce nonparametric estimators of matrix-variate distributions based on kernel methods, and analyze their asymptotic properties. Additionally, we propose a generalization of the mean-shift procedure for the identification of the modes of the estimated density. Given the intrinsic high dimensionality of matrix-variate data, we discuss some locally adaptive solutions to handle the problem. We test the procedure via extensive simulations, also with respect to some competitors, and illustrate its performance through two high-dimensional real data applications.
Neuronal Death Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategy in Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Mao Rui , Zong Ningning , Hu Yujie , Chen Ying , Xu Yun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIschemic stroke caused by intracranial vascular occlusion has become increasingly prevalent with considerable mortality and disability, which gravely burdens the global economy. Current relatively effective clinical treatments are limited to intravenous alteplase and thrombectomy. Even so, patients still benefit little due to the short therapeutic window and the risk of ischemia/reperfusion injury. It is therefore urgent to figure out the neuronal death mechanisms following ischemic stroke in order to develop new neuroprotective strategies. Regarding the pathogenesis, multiple pathological events trigger the activation of cell death pathways. Particular attention should be devoted to excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses. Thus, in this article, we first review the principal mechanisms underlying neuronal death mediated by these significant events, such as intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis, ferroptosis, parthanatos, pyroptosis, necroptosis, and autophagic cell death. Then, we further discuss the possibility of interventions targeting these pathological events and summarize the present pharmacological achievements.
Radiologist Self-training: a Study of Cancer Detection when Reading Mammograms at Work Clinics or Workshops
Authors: Lewis Sarah J. , Borecky Natacha , Li Tong , Barron Melissa L. , Brennan Patrick , Trieu Phuong Dung Yun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Provision of online and remote specialist education and general continued professional education in medicine is a growing field. For radiology specifically, the ability to access web-based platforms that house high resolution medical images, and the high fidelity of simulated activities is increasingly growing due to positive changes in technology. This study investigates the differences in providing a self-directed specialist radiology education system in two modes: at clinics and in-person workshops. 335 Australian radiologists completed 562 readings of mammogram test sets through the web-based interactive BREAST platform with 325 at conference workshops and 237 at their workplaces. They engaged with test sets with each comprising of 60 mammogram cases (20 cancer and 40 normal). Radiologists marked the location of any cancers and had their performance measured via 5 metrics of diagnostic accuracy. Results show that the location of engagement with BREAST did not yield any significant difference in the performances of all radiologists and the same radiologists between two reading modes (P > 0.05). Radiologists who read screening mammograms for BreastScreen Australia performed better when they completed the test sets at designated workshops (P < 0.05), as was also the case for radiologists who read > 100 cases per week (P < 0.05). In contrast, radiologists who read less mammograms frequently recorded better performances in specificity and JAFROC at clinics (P < 0.05). Findings show that remotely accessed online education for specialised training and core skills building in radiology can provide a similar learning opportunity for breast radiologists when compared to on-site dedicated workshops at scientific meetings. For readers with high volumes of mammograms, a workshop setting may provide a superior experience while clinic setting is more helpful to less experienced readers.
Emerging Strategies in Enhancing Singlet Oxygen Generation of Nano-Photosensitizers Toward Advanced Phototherapy
Authors: Tavakkoli Yaraki Mohammad , Liu Bin , Tan Yen Nee 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe great promise of photodynamic therapy (PDT) has thrusted the rapid progress of developing highly effective photosensitizers (PS) in killing cancerous cells and bacteria. To mitigate the intrinsic limitations of the classical molecular photosensitizers, researchers have been looking into designing new generation of nanomaterial-based photosensitizers (nano-photosensitizers) with better photostability and higher singlet oxygen generation (SOG) efficiency, and ways of enhancing the performance of existing photosensitizers. In this paper, we review the recent development of nano-photosensitizers and nanoplasmonic strategies to enhance the SOG efficiency for better PDT performance. Firstly, we explain the mechanism of reactive oxygen species generation by classical photosensitizers, followed by a brief discussion on the commercially available photosensitizers and their limitations in PDT. We then introduce three types of new generation nano-photosensitizers that can effectively produce singlet oxygen molecules under visible light illumination, i.e., aggregation-induced emission nanodots, metal nanoclusters (< 2 nm), and carbon dots. Different design approaches to synthesize these nano-photosensitizers were also discussed. To further enhance the SOG rate of nano-photosensitizers, plasmonic strategies on using different types of metal nanoparticles in both colloidal and planar metal-PS systems are reviewed. The key parameters that determine the metal-enhanced SOG (ME-SOG) efficiency and their underlined enhancement mechanism are discussed. Lastly, we highlight the future prospects of these nanoengineering strategies, and discuss how the future development in nanobiotechnology and theoretical simulation could accelerate the design of new photosensitizers and ME-SOG systems for highly effective image-guided photodynamic therapy.
Influence of photosensitizer concentration and polymer composition on photoinduced antimicrobial activity of PVA- and PVA-chitosan-based electrospun nanomaterials cross-linked with tailor-made silicon(IV) phthalocyanine
Authors: Galstyan Anzhela , Strokov Konstantin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe ongoing effort to eradicate pathogenic bacteria and viruses is a major endeavor that requires development of new and innovative materials. Materials based on photodynamic action represent an emerging and attractive area of research, and therefore, a broad understanding of chemical design principles is required. In the present study, we investigated the antibacterial and antiviral activities of five different nanofibrous membranes composed of poly(vinyl alcohol) or poly(vinyl alcohol)-chitosan mixture cross-linked through silicon(IV)phthalocyanine derivative with the aim to identify the role of the carrier polymer and photosensitizers concentration on its efficacy. A straightforward cross-linking process was adopted to create a water-stable material with an almost uniform distribution of the fiber structure, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. The results of the antimicrobial studies showed that the increase in the amount of chitosan in the polymer mixture, rather than the increase in the photosensitizer concentration, enhanced the activity of the material. Due to their visible light-triggered antimicrobial activity, the resulting materials provide valuable opportunities for both topical antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and the area of environmental remediation.
Graphical abstract
Online Spam Review Detection: A Survey of Literature
Authors: He Li , Wang Xianzhi , Chen Hongxu , Xu Guandong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe increasingly developed online platform generates a large amount of online reviews every moment, e.g., Yelp and Amazon. Consumers gradually develop the habit of reading previous reviews before making a decision of buying or choosing various products. Online reviews play an vital part in determining consumers’ purchase choices in e-commerce, yet many online reviews are intentionally created to confuse or mislead potential consumers. Moreover, driven by product reputations and merchants’ profits, more and more spam reviews were inserted into online platform. This kind of reviews can be positive, negative or neutral, but they had common features: misleading consumers or damaging reputations. In the past decade, many people conducted research on detecting spam reviews using statistical or deep learning method with various datasets. In view of that, this article first introduces the task of spam online reviews detection and makes a common definition of spam reviews. Then, we comprehensively conclude the existing method and available datasets. Third, we summarize the existing network-based approaches in dealing with this task and propose some direction for future research.
Primary synovial chondromatosis of the ankle: A case report
Authors: Diop Badara , Daffe Mohamed , Sarr Ndiamé , Faye Ibrahima , Ndoye Abdou Yacine , Sané Jean Claude , Konaté Ibrahima , Diemé Charles Bertin 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction and importance:
Synovial chondromatosis is a rare and benign condition characterized by the presence of metaplasia cartilaginous nodules of synovial origin. When these nodules ossify, it is called osteochondromatosis. It mainly affects the large joints, but less frequently the foot or ankle.

Case presentation:
We report the case of a 21-year-old patient who presented a chronic right ankle pain associated with mild tumefaction and limited mobility for 3 years. The diagnosis was guided by standard radiography and CT scan of the ankle and confirmed by pathological examination of the specimen.

Discussion:
Primary synovial chondromatosis is a rare condition. Few cases with an ankle location have been described in the literature.

Conclusion:
The diagnosis is made on pathological examination. Treatment by arthrotomy may be a good alternative in the absence of arthroscopy.

Highlights
Unsuccessful treatment the end stage of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with cardiac resynchronization therapy: A case report
Authors: Yoonesi Ali Asghar , Sarchahi Zohreh , Lakziyan Najmeh , Jesmi Marghzar Ali Asghar , Lakziyan Rasool 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction and importance:
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic disorder characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and myocardial infarction. Less than 5% of HCM patients develop left ventricular cytological dysfunction and severe heart failure. These patients are usually treated with after-drug-lowering drugs such as angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, digitalis, diuretics, and beta-blockers, but many are candidates for heart transplantation.

Case presentation:
A 41-year-old woman with a known case of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) who first referred to our emergency room in 1998 due to shortness of breath and fatigue. Echocardiography showed HOCM. In 1982, he presented with a complaint of syncope and palpitations, and an ICD was implanted. From 1983 to 1988, he was admitted and treated for several episodes of inappropriate shock. In 2010, due to the End of Life, the generator was changed for the patient. Between 1995 and 1996, he was hospitalized several times with complaints of orthopenia, functional dysfunction of class III, II, nocturnal attack shortness of breath, weakness and lethargy and fatigue, nocturnal sputum, weight gain, edema and ascites, and despite drug treatment, Discharge fraction decreased to 10% and left ventricular dilatation increased.

Clinical discussion:
Due to the nature of the disease and the echocardiogram data, the patient underwent an upgrade of the ventricular lead implant defibrillator into a three-cavity intracardiac pacemaker (CRT-D) in which a polar ion implant was placed in the coronary sinus. At the last visit, the 5% EF was measured and the patient was included in the heart transplant list.

Conclusions:
Due to early diagnosis of this disease is difficult, so the clinical signs and history of the patient at the time of referral will be very helpful.

Highlights
The Changing Profile of Tenure-Track Faculty in Archaeology
Authors: Cramb Justin , Ritchison Brandon T. , Hadden Carla S. , Zhang Qian , Alarcón-Tinajero Edgar , Chen Xianyan , Jones K. C. , Jones Travis , Napora Katharine , Veres Matthew , Thompson Victor D. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTThe goal for many PhD students in archaeology is tenure-track employment. Students primarily receive their training by tenure-track or tenured professors, and they are often tacitly expected—or explicitly encouraged—to follow in the footsteps of their advisor. However, the career trajectories that current and recent PhD students follow may hold little resemblance to the ones experienced by their advisors. To understand these different paths and to provide information for current PhD students considering pursuing a career in academia, we surveyed 438 archaeologists holding tenured or tenure-track positions in the United States. The survey, recorded in 2019, posed a variety of questions regarding the personal experiences of individual professors. The results are binned by the decade in which the respondent graduated. Evident patterns are discussed in terms of change over time. The resulting portraits of academic pathways through the past five decades indicate that although broad commonalities exist in the qualifications of early career academics, there is no singular pathway to obtaining tenure-track employment. We highlight the commonalities revealed in our survey to provide a set of general qualifications that might provide a baseline set of skills and experiences for an archaeologist seeking a tenure-track job in the United States.
Why Police Shouldn't Be Allowed to Lie to Suspects
Authors: DUNCAN SAMUEL 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this essay, I argue that it is morally wrong for police to lie to suspects in interrogations and that it should be legally prohibited. I base my argument on broadly Kantian considerations about respect for autonomy: Respect for rational agency forbids lying to suspects and there is no plausible and compelling rationale for allowing police to lie to suspects in typical cases of interrogation.
The rationale and development of organizational democracy scale
Authors: Ahmed Kaleem , Ahmed Alia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe idea of bringing democratization at the workplace has been present in management literature for decades. Literature has witnessed an increased interest of researchers on this topic, especially after the 2003 Academy of Management Annual Meeting conference having the theme “Democracy in a Knowledge Economy,” and August 2004 special issue of the Academy of Management Executive: “Democracy in and around Organizations.” To further explore this underpinned concept, the present study aims to refine and develop the organizational democracy construct. Using in-depth literature analysis published in last three decades on organizational democracy, ten dimensions (freedom, fairness, integrity, tolerance, shared responsibility, structure, transparency, knowledge sharing, accountability, and learning environment) were identified, leading to the development of its conceptual framework. By deploying established scale development procedures, the organizational democracy scale was developed, refined, and validated. The new organizational democracy scale consists of forty-five items consistent with theory and practice. The scale will assist future researchers and industrial practitioners in a deeper exploration of this construct and organizational managers for establishing, assessing, and improving democratic practices at their workplaces.
Risk of psychosis among migrants to the Netherlands by time since arrival
Authors: Termorshuizen Fabian , Selten Jean-Paul 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe high risk of psychosis among migrants is often attributed to social stressors in the host country. We examined whether the relative risk of psychosis among migrants is low on arrival and increases thereafter.MethodsIn this cohort study, first-generation immigrants to the Netherlands, aged 10 years and older (N = 1 281 678), were matched by birth year and sex to 2 542 313 native-born Dutch controls. The first occurrence of psychosis after arrival was established using data on dispensing of antipsychotic medication (APM) (during 2006–2017) and on insurance claims for treatment of psychosis (2011–2016). The Incidence Rate Ratios (IRRs) for migrants compared to controls were estimated by year since arrival.ResultsThe IRR of APM was 0.22 (95% CI 0.21–0.24) in the year of arrival (‘year 1’) and increased gradually to 1.39 (1.19–1.62) after 10 or more years. The IRR of an insurance claim increased from 0.57 (0.51–0.62) to 1.87 (1.38–2.55) in year 5. Among migrants from sub-Saharan Africa, the IRR of an insurance claim was already high in year 1 [2.46 (1.95–3.11)], especially when aged 10–20 years at arrival [6.09 (2.93–12.64)]. Among migrants from other non-Western countries, the IRR was already significantly increased in year 2 [1.28 (1.03–1.59)].ConclusionsThe relative risk of psychosis among migrants was generally low at arrival and increased thereafter. The increased IRRs in the early years after arrival among those from non-Western countries indicate that for these groups certain risk factors are already relevant shortly after arrival.
Reviled, Repressed, Resurrected: Vienna 1900 in the Nazi Imaginary
Authors: Morowitz Laura 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEncompassing the final decades of Habsburg rule and the rise of modern culture, the cosmopolitan and Jewish Vienna of the fin de siècle was a despised locus in the Nazi historical imaginary. Vienna 1900 was a polyglot, multicultural city, a place where European Jewry had risen to unforeseen heights of economic prosperity and cultural influence; many Nazi ideologues, historians, and authors focused on the verjudet nature of late imperial Vienna. A variety of strategies were employed to distance the Nazi present from Vienna 1900; it was alternately suppressed and ignored, or deeply vilified. Yet the period was also inseparable from two figures celebrated in Nazi Vienna: Mayor Karl Lueger and artist Gustav Klimt. This article examines Nazi discourse on Vienna 1900, especially that originating from Viennese writers, ideologues, and political figures. Reflecting both scholarly and popular views, I examine academic texts, books for popular readers, films, and art exhibitions. After examining the perception and appropriation of Vienna 1900 between the years 1938 and 1945, I end by exploring its instrumentalization in a different context. In an ironic twist of history, the very period suppressed and derided in Nazi discourse would in turn be called upon, by the 1970s, to distract from the shadow of the Nazi era that still hung over the city.