bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expansion of Smoke-Free Policies: Stepping Up FCTC’s Game
Authors: Tsampi Aikaterini , Been Jasper V. , Bruijn Michelle , Toebes Brigit 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Framework Convention for Tobacco Control (FCTC) is undoubtedly the most efficient international instrument for tobacco control. Article 8 FCTC shapes many smoke-free policies worldwide and in doing so it is usually associated with smoke-free regulation in enclosed public spaces. Our paper highlights that the FCTC contains a sound foundation for smoke-free policies that stretch beyond enclosed public places, such as open public spaces and (quasi-)private spaces. We demonstrate, in particular, that such wide smoke-free regulation, which is gaining momentum around the globe, is versatile and compatible with human rights standards. As such, these expanded smoke-free policies contribute to a wider culture of smoking denormalisation that scales up FCTC’s aspiration for tobacco control and subsequently to a smoke-free global society.
COVID-19 Vaccination and Legal Preparedness: Lessons from Ireland
Authors: Tumelty Mary-Elizabeth , Donnelly Mary , Farrell Anne-Maree , Ó Néill Clayton 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Ireland has been a leader in the COVID-19 vaccine rollout in the EU, with almost 80% of the eligible population (aged over 5 years) fully vaccinated at the time of writing. The success of the vaccine rollout in this jurisdiction notwithstanding, the legal frameworks supporting the rollout had significant lacunas. Two aspects in particular highlighted a lack of legal preparedness: the inadequacy of the legal framework for consent and the absence of a vaccine injury redress scheme. This paper explores these components of the COVID-19 vaccine rollout through the lens of legal preparedness. Whilst most often discussed in the context of command and control measures such as social distancing requirements and regional lockdowns, this paper argues for an expanded understanding of what it means to be legally prepared, highlighting the importance of the preparedness of domestic legal frameworks.
Yeast in the Dough: Marginal Ecclesial Communities in Contemporary El Salvador
Authors: Potter Laurel Marshall 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Ecclesial base communities and other marginal ecclesial communities are still an active and significant part of the Roman Catholic church in El Salvador and elsewhere in Latin America. However, instead of being the ‘nucleus’ of their church structures, as in the bishops meeting at Medellín in 1968 put it, these contemporary ecclesial communities identify more strongly with being ‘yeast in the dough,’ a decentralized ferment in a church and a society that is no longer majority-Catholic or even necessarily Christian. This shift is marked among a third generation of such communities in El Salvador by new forms of leadership and sources for theological formation, expanded theological methodologies and mediations for social analysis, and evolving approaches to social praxis updated to the current signs of the times. Ultimately, the marginal ecclesial existence of these communities represents, not a threat, but a gift to the whole church.
Immunities and Criminal Proceedings
Authors: Ruozzi Elisa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
When delivering its final judgment in the Immunities and Criminal Proceedings case, the ICJ was faced with a complex situation. The case involved the launch of criminal proceedings against a foreign high-ranking official along with the resulting measures of attachment imposed on embassy premises. While the most controversial aspect probably lay in the ability to determine those persons vested with immunity ratione personae, the dispute also raised issues of diplomatic law, which actually became the predominant questions at stake in the case. The aim of the article is to provide an overall discussion of the dispute, focusing on some specific aspects of the Court’s reasoning. Specifically, it will consider how the interplay among the identification of the facts of the case, the role assigned to customary law and the approach taken by the Court to treaty interpretation can shape the evolution of and outcome to a dispute.
The efficacy of balance and proprioception exercises in female patients with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Ince Bugra , Goksel Karatepe Altinay , Akcay Seniz , Kaya Taciser 
Published: July 2022

Objective Loss of proprioception and balance disorders are commonly observed in patients with knee osteoarthritis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of balance and proprioception exercises in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Design A single-center randomized trial with three parallel arms. Setting A tertiary health care facility in Turkey. Participants Female patients with knee osteoarthritis aged 40–70 years. Interventions Ten-week exercise program in Biodex training, classical balance training and isometric strengthening groups. Main measures Dynamic balance (overall stability index and the modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction and Balance), pain (visual analogue scale), physical function (30-s chair stand test and 40-meter fast-paced walk test) and quality of life (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score). Results Eighty-nine patients enrolled in the study. The Biodex training group, the classical training group, and the control group had overall stability index values of 1.0 ± 0.07, 1.4 ± 0.07 and 1.4 ± 0.07, and the Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction and Balance – Condition-3 values of 0.7 ± 0.04, 0.9 ± 0.04 and 0.9 ± 0.04 respectively, at the end of treatment. In terms of pain scores on movement, each group showed significant improvement compared to their baseline, and the classical balance training group had better scores than the control group. No other significant difference was found between the groups. Physical function and quality of life outcomes showed significant main effects only in the time factor. Conclusions Balance and proprioception exercises may have positive effects on dynamic balance and pain. The effects on physical function and quality of life should be investigated in further studies with larger sample.
Patient-reported outcome measurements in post-mastectomy implant-based breast reconstruction and radiotherapy: Analysis of BREAST-Q data
Authors: Sala Laura , Bonomi Stefano , Ciniselli Chiara Maura , Verderio Paolo , Pastori Marta , Maurichi Andrea , Cortinovis Umberto 
Published: July 2022

Background: Breast reconstruction has become a standard of care in patients undergoing mastectomy, greatly improving their quality of life. An increasing number of patients-reported outcome measurements (PROMs) have been developed over the years to better analyze patients’ subjective overall experience. BREAST-Q is the PROMs for breast surgery introduced in our practice to assess patients’ experiences when undergoing implant-based breast reconstruction and radiotherapy along with the use of Peak Plasma Blade and acellular dermal matrix. Methods: The pre-operative version of the Reconstruction BREAST-Q was administered to all 88 patients enrolled between December 2017 and December 2018 in the Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Unit at Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori Milano through person-to-person interviews, while the post-operative version was administered to the 75 patients who completed a 12-month follow-up (four patients died during one-year follow-up and nine patients had major complications). The survey areas highlighted were: satisfaction with breast, psychosocial well-being, physical well-being and sexual well-being. Results: From BREAST-Q questions regarding Satisfaction With The Appearance Of The Breast and Psychosocial Well-Being outcomes showed significant improvement from pre-operative data, as well as with Satisfaction With Overall Care, with the exception of Physical Well-Being Chest. Conclusions: BREAST-Q allows the assessment of patients’ perception, not only for surgical results, but also for the overall experience with surgeons and medical staff. The women enrolled in our study reported an overall good patient satisfaction in most of the analyzed fields.
Machining feasibility and Sustainability study associated with air pressure, air flow rate, and nanoparticle concentration in Nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication-assisted hard milling process of 60Si2Mn steel
Authors: Duc Tran M , Tuan Ngo M , Long Tran T , Ngoc Tran B 
Published: July 2022

In recent years, more efficient hard machining processes have notably increased in demand for higher productivity but environmental friendliness. High hardness and strength as well as the enormous amount of cutting temperature are still the biggest obstacles. Nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication (NFMQL)–assisted hard machining has become a feasible and promising solution to overcome these problems. The work presents the experimental study on the effects of air pressure (5, 6, and 7 bar), air flow rate (150, 200, and 250 L/min), and Al2O3 nanoparticle concentration (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%) on minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) hard milling process of 60Si2Mn (50÷52HRC) using vegetable oil as the based fluid. Box–Behnken experimental design and ANOVA analysis were employed to investigate the influences and interaction effects of input parameters on cutting forces, surface roughness, and surface microstructure. This study will be used for selecting the optimum air pressure, air flow rate, and Al2O3 nanoparticle concentration for efficient cooling lubrication performance of MQL in sustainable hard machining. The obtained results show that the optimal values for air pressure and nanoparticle concentration. For Q = 200 L/min, the optimal p is 6.0 bar and the optimal nanoparticle concentration (NC) is 0.9%. For Q = 250 L/min, the optimal p is 5.2 bar, and the optimal NC is 1.2%. Furthermore, using air flow rate Q = 250 L/min gives better results than Q = 200 L/min, but the selection will be depended on the specific equipment conditions.
Dignity in relationships and existence in nursing homes’ cultures
Authors: Rehnsfeldt Arne , Slettebø Åshild , Lohne Vibeke , Sæteren Berit , Lindwall Lillemor , Heggestad Anne Kari Tolo , Råholm Maj-Britt , Høy Bente , Caspari Synnøve , Nåden Dagfinn 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Expressions of dignity as a clinical phenomenon in nursing homes as expressed by caregivers were investigated. A coherence could be detected between the concepts and phenomena of existence and dignity in relationships and caring culture as a context. A caring culture is interpreted by caregivers as the meaning-making of what is accepted or not in the ward culture. Background: The rationale for the connection between existence and dignity in relationships and caring culture is that suffering is a part of existence, as well as compassion in relieving suffering, and ontological interdependency. Aim: To describe different expressions of dignity in relationships and existence in context of caring cultures from the perspective of the caregivers. Research design: The methodology and method are hermeneutic. The method used was to merge the theoretical preunderstanding as one horizon of understanding with empirical data. Participants and research context: Focus group interviews with caregivers in nursing homes. Ethical considerations: The principles of the Helsinki Declaration have been followed to, for example, preserve self-determination, integrity, dignity, confidentiality and privacy of the research persons. Findings: Data interpretation resulted in four themes: Encountering existential needs that promote dignity in a caring culture; To amplify dignity in relationships by the creative art of caring in a caring culture; Violation of dignity by ignorance or neglect in a non-caring culture and The ethic of words and appropriated ground values in a caring culture. Discussion: Dignity-promoting acts of caring, or dignity-depriving acts of non-caring are adequate to see from the perspective of dignity in relationships and existence and the caring culture. Conclusions: Dignity in relationships seems to touch the innermost existential life, as the existential life is dependent on confirmation from others.
The moral experiences of children with osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Wang Yi Wen , Carnevale Franco A , Ezcurra Maria , Chougui Khadidja , Bilodeau Claudette , Siedlikowski Sophia , Tsimicalis Argerie 
Published: July 2022

Background Serious ethical problems have been anecdotally identified in the care of children with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), which may negatively impact their moral experiences, defined as their sense of fulfillment towards personal values and beliefs. Research aims To explore children’s actual and desired participation in discussions, decisions, and actions in an OI hospital setting and their community using art-making to facilitate their self-expression. Research design A focused ethnography was conducted using the moral experiences framework with data from key informant interviews; participant observations, semi-structured interviews, and practice-based research (art-making) with 10 children with OI; and local documents. Participants and research context The study was conducted at a pediatric, orthopedic hospital. Ethical considerations This study was approved by McGill University Institutional Review Board. Findings/results Children expressed desires to participate in their care, but sometimes lacked the necessary resources and encouragement from healthcare providers. Art-making facilitated children’s voice and participation in health-related discussions. Conclusions Healthcare providers are recommended to consider the benefits of art-making and educational resources to reduce discrepancies between children’s actual and desired participation in care and promote positive moral experiences.
Ethical challenges experienced by care home staff during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chan Helen YL , Zhao Ya-Yi , Liu Li , Chong Yuen-Yu , Cheng Ho-Yu , Chien Wai-Tong 
Published: July 2022

Background Care homes have been disproportionately affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Practical challenges of enacting infection control measures in care home settings have been widely reported, but little is known about the ethical concerns of care home staff during the implementation of such measures. . Objectives To understand the ethical challenges perceived by care home staff during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Research design An exploratory qualitative study. Participants and research context A purposive sample of 15 care home staff in different roles and ranks in Hong Kong was recruited to take part in semi-structured interviews between June and August 2020. Ethical considerations Ethical approval for this study was obtained. Participation was voluntary and anonymous. Participants had the right to withdraw from the study at any time without reprisal. Findings Three themes were identified: unclear legitimacy regarding infection control measures, limited autonomy in choices over infection control measures and inevitable harms to residents’ well-being. While the participants expected that they would have legitimated power to implement infection control measures, they were resistant when their right to self-determination of testing and vaccination was infringed. They also felt trapped between ethical duties to protect care home residents from infection risk and the anticipated detrimental effects of infection control measures. Conclusions The findings of this study reveal tensions among the ethical obligations of care home staff in response to a public health emergency. They highlight the importance of strengthening ethical sensitivity and ethical leadership in identifying and resolving the challenges of pandemic responses.
Health at age 17 in Norwegian adolescents: Mental and physical status in the national cohort born in 2001
Authors: Borud Einar Kristian , Fadum Elin Anita , Carlsen Ellen Øen , Håberg Siri Eldevik 
Published: July 2022

Aims: We present self-reported data on physical and mental health at age 17 years from 82% of Norwegians born in 2001. Methods: In Norway, the Armed Forces require that each resident who reaches the age of 17 years completes a self-administered declaration of health that is used for military selection. The declaration collects information on height and weight, various clinically diagnosed diseases, mental and behavioural disorders, and other health conditions where clinical diagnosis is not required. In 2018, there were 65,913 adolescents born in 2001 living in Norway, of whom 10,223 were exempt from completing the declaration; declarations were therefore sent to 55,690 participants. We included 54,132 participants who completed the declaration (response rate 97.2%): 27,220 male and 26,912 female respondents. Results: We found that 18% of male and 28% of female respondents reported at least one clinically diagnosed disease, mental disorder or behavioural disorder. Among health condition where clinical diagnosis was not required, 19% of male and 37% of female respondents reported anxiety/depression affecting daily life and 10 versus 18% reported migraines/recurring headaches. The respondents probably represent the healthiest part of the total cohort of 17-year-old Norwegians because those who are exempt from completing the declaration are already considered unfit for military service. Conclusions: These data represent a rich resource for further research. Similar data exist for the birth cohorts in 1993–2003. We encourage further research that can help decision-makers identify areas of concern that should be targeted for interventions.
The Evolution from Occupational Health to Healthy Workplaces
Authors: Kirsten Wolf 
Published: July 2022

Occupational health has evolved as a field over the last 20 years, most significantly over the last 2 years. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the amount and complexity of challenges for occupational health professionals and at the same time provided a unique opportunity for the field in light of the heightened focus on health at the workplace. Responsibilities have become broader and more multi-faceted including areas such as mental wellbeing and psychosocial risk factors. The pandemic has shown us that the workplace is an essential setting to promote health with a growing number of employers investing in policies and programs for their employees. However, many global health campaigns and large scale national initiatives do not include the workplace setting in their strategy to the detriment of the their effectiveness. In addition to the pressing global health needs, two recent developments have propelled workplace health to the forefront and are asking questions of employers. The Sustainable Development Goals as well as the ESG (Environment, Social, Governance) agenda on behalf of the financial sector are pushing the corporate sector to act responsibly beyond seeking profits and disclose related policies and actions. Healthy workplaces are essential for global development and progress.
Supratentorial cortical ependymoma: A systematic literature review and case illustration
Authors: Cuoco Joshua A , Strohman Andrew C , Stopa Brittany M , Stump Michael S , Entwistle John J , Witcher Mark R , Olasunkanmi Adeolu L 
Published: July 2022

Cortical ependymomas are currently not considered a subgroup of supratentorial ependymomas; however, there is a growing body of literature investigating the natural history of these lesions compared to supratentorial ependymomas. We performed a systematic literature review of cortical ependymomas with a focus on the natural history, clinical characteristics, and clinical outcomes of these lesions as compared to supratentorial ependymomas. Our search revealed 153 unique cases of cortical ependymomas. The mean age on presentation was 21.2 years. Males and females comprised 58.8% (90/153) and 41.2% (63/153) of cases, respectively. The most common presenting symptom was seizure activity occurring in 44.4% of the cohort (68/153). The recently recognized C11orf95-RELA fusion was identified in 13.7% of the cohort (21/153) and 95.5% of cases (21/22) reporting molecular characterization. World Health Organization grades 2 and 3 were reported in 52.3% (79/151) and 47.7% (72/151) of cases, respectively. The frontal lobe was involved in the majority of cases (54.9%, 84/153). Gross total resection was achieved in 80.4% of cases (123/153). Tumor recurrence was identified in 27.7% of cases (39/141). Mean clinical follow-up was 41.3 months. Mean overall survival of patients who expired was 27.4 months whereas mean progression-free survival was 15.0 months. Comparatively, cortical ependymomas with C11orf95- RELA fusions and supratentorial ependymomas with C11orf95 RELA fusions exhibited differing clinical outcomes. Further studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to investigate the significance of RELA fusions on survival in cortical ependymomas and to determine whether cortical ependymomas with C11orf95- RELA fusions should be classified as a distinct entity.
Using the Experiences and Perceptions of Health Care Workers to Improve the Health Care Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Trinh Lieu Thi Thuy , Stubbs Joanne M. , Gilroy Nicole , Schindeler Suzanne , Achat Helen 
Published: July 2022

Background: We sought the opinions of health care workers (HCWs) at a designated COVID-19 facility receiving the first cases to identify workplace modifications and inform effective changes to maximize health and safety at the onset of a crisis. Methods: A cross-sectional study utilized open- and close-ended questions gathered demographic and work details, experiences and perspectives on infection control, communication, support, and the workplace. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically and quantitative were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Findings: Of 340 HCWs, most approved of the organization’s response to minimizing risk (81.0%), infection control training (81.1%), and supplies (74.3%). Key actions included up-to-date guidelines (93.6%) and specialized infectious diseases clinics (94.9%). Conclusions: HCWs rated the organization’s adaptive changes highly, noting areas for improvement such as transparency and timeliness of communication. Incorporating input from HCWs when responding to health crises was beneficial to maximize staff health and safety and consequently that of patients.
Forecasting Hourly Spot Prices in Indian Electricity Market
Authors: Mukherjee Paramita , Coondoo Dipankor , Lahiri Poulomi 
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we present a study on forecasting hourly electricity spot prices for India. Forecasting electricity prices is challenging for its special characteristics. Based on hourly data covering several years, ARMAX models are estimated for forecasting for individual regions. Along with ARMA, intra-day, inter-day and hourly variations and seasonalities on weekdays, holidays and festive days are incorporated. Combinations of static and dynamic forecasts are also examined. The results indicate that prices for Sundays and holidays differ significantly from weekdays; also, a clear region-specific difference between prices in winter and summer months is observed. Price behaviour in the Southern region is different from other regions. The fitted models perform well for forecasting horizons of hourly prices of up to five days. The fitted ARMAX models have an easily implementable simple structure. Such forecasts provide valuable insights for policymakers and market participants, as they incorporate several features of the Indian electricity market, including various dimensions of seasonality of demand. JEL Classifications: C53, Q47, C51