Pola Asuh Makan dan Konsumsi Pangan Balita Anemia di Kabupaten Cirebon
Authors: Dewi Mira , Khomsan Ali , Ekawidyani Karina Rahmadia , Pravansa Annisa Ayu 
Published: September 2022

Background: Anemia is a global nutritional problem with a prevalence of 36.8% of children in Indonesia were anemic. Food consumption, feeding pattern, and socio-economy factors can affect to the anemia status of children.Purpose: This study aims to analyze the correlation between feeding pattern with food consumption and the correlation between feeding pattern and food consumption with hemoglobin levels for children with anemia.Methods: Design of this study is cross sectional design and conducted in August-November 2020 with a total sample of 54 anemic children(Hb<11 g/dL) in Gegesik District, Cirebon Regency which were selected by purposive sampling. Characteristics of household, characteristics of children and nutritional status, children feeding pattern, and food consumption were collected through interviews and direct measurements. Data analysis was performed by univariate and bivariate using spearman correlation test.Results: More than half (51.9%) mothers aged 26-35 years with low education level (90.7%) and household income below the regional minimum wage (66.7%). The average hemoglobin level for children was 9.2±1.4 g/dL and 66.7% were moderate anemia. Most (44.4%) children aged 25-36 months were undernourished based on HAZ and WAZ indicators. Good food pattern were applied with an average score 88.9±7.5, but the level of energy, fat, and carbohydrate adequacy of children was still under recommendation. The results of statistical analysis show that hemoglobin levels have a significant relationship only with food consumption factors, especially the level of adequate energy, fat, and carbohydrates, and frequency of chicken liver consumption.Conclusion: Feeding pattern was not related to food consumption and hemoglobin level of children, whereas food consumption (energy, fat, and carbohydrate adequacy level, and chicken liver consumption is significantly related to and hemoglobin level on anemic children. Information related to nutritional and health status that needs to be improved, especially regarding food consumption and anemia prevention, so as to reduce the prevalence of anemia in children.ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Anemia merupakan masalah gizi global dengan prevalensi 36,8% balita di Indonesia mengalami anemia. Konsumsi pangan, pola asuh makan, dan sosial ekonomi dapat mempengaruhi status anemia balita.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan pola asuh makan dengan konsumsi pangan dan hubungan pola asuh makan dan konsumsi pangan dengan kadar hemoglobin balita anemia.Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional dan dilakukan pada bulan Agustus-November 2020 dengan jumlah sampel 54 balita anemia (Hb<11 g/dL) di Kecamatan Gegesik, Kabupaten Cirebon yang dipilih secara purposive sampling. Data yang dikumpulkan terdiri atas karakteristik rumah tangga, karakteristik balita dan status gizi, praktik pola asuh makan, serta konsumsi pangan balita yang diperoleh melalui wawancara dan pengukuran langsung. Analisis statistik data dilakukan secara univariat maupun bivariat menggunakan uji korelasi spearman.Hasil: Lebih dari separuh (51,9%) ibu berusia 26-35 tahun dengan tingkat pendidikan rendah (90,7%) dan pendapatan rumah tangga di bawah UMR (66,7%). Rata-rata kadar hemoglobin balita sebesar 9,2±1,4 g/dL dan 66,7% mengalami anemia tingkat sedang. Sebagian besar (44,4%) balita berusia 25-36 bulan tergolong status gizi kurang berdasarkan indikator TB/U dan BB/U. Pola asuh makan yang diterapkan sudah baik dengan rata-rata skor 88,9±7,5, akan tetapi tingkat kecukupan energi, lemak, dan karbohidrat balita masih berada dibawah anjuran. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa kadar hemoglobin berhubungan signifikan hanya dengan faktor konsumsi pangan, terutama tingkat kecukupan energi, lemak, dan karbohidrat, serta frekuensi konsumsi hati ayam.Kesimpulan: Pola asuh tidak berhubungan dengan konsumsi pangan dan kadar hemoglobin balita anemia (p-value > 0,05), sedangkan konsumsi pangan (tingkat kecukupan energi, lemak, dan karbohidrat, serta kebiasaan konsumsi hati ayam) berhubungan signifikan dengan kadar hemoglobin balita anemia (p-value < 0,05). Informasi terkait dengan status gizi dan kesehatan perlu ditingkatkan khususnya tentang konsumsi pangan dan anemia serta pencegahannya sehingga dapat mengurangi prevalensi anemia pada balita.