bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Domain-general cognitive motivation: Evidence from economic decision-making – Final Registered Report
Authors: Crawford Jennifer L. , Eisenstein Sarah A. , Peelle Jonathan E. , Braver Todd S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStable individual differences in cognitive motivation (i.e., the tendency to engage in and enjoy effortful cognitive activities) have been documented with self-report measures, yet convergent support for a trait-level construct is still lacking. In the present study, we used an innovative decision-making paradigm (COG-ED) to quantify the costs of cognitive effort, a metric of cognitive motivation, across two distinct cognitive domains: working memory (an N-back task) and speech comprehension (understanding spoken sentences in background noise). We hypothesized that cognitive motivation operates similarly within individuals, regardless of domain. Specifically, in 104 adults aged 18–40 years, we tested whether individual differences in effort costs are stable across domains, even after controlling for other potential sources of shared individual variation. Conversely, we evaluated whether the costs of cognitive effort across domains may be better explained in terms of other relevant cognitive and personality-related constructs, such as working memory capacity or reward sensitivity. We confirmed a reliable association among effort costs in both domains, even when these other sources of individual variation, as well as task load, are statistically controlled. Taken together, these results add support for trait-level variation in cognitive motivation impacting effort-based decision making across multiple domains.
The effect of sedimentation by chemical coagulants and the rapid sand filters on algal removal at drinking water treatment plants in Egypt
Authors: Abouzied Adel Hussein , Hassan Hanan A. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The Nile River included diverse phytoplankton compositions belonging to five main phytoplankton categories. Algae have been classified and identified through comparative morphology.

Results
The Pyrrophyta, Charophyta, Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, and Bacillariophyta were presented through the full period of investigation with 1, 3, 14, 23, and 28 species, respectively. Therefore, it may be important to note that diatoms were recorded as an abundant group in all investigated samples. The numbers of diatoms ranged between 1.45 × 106 and 1.18 × 107 Organism/l, this was followed by green algae that ranged from 7.0 × 105 to 1.22 × 106 Organism/l. While the lowest count of blue-green algae was ranged between 1.6 × 105 and 7.03 × 105 Organism/l. The treatment of Nile water using two chemical coagulants "aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3⋅16H2O) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3)" removed algae by about 85% and 90%, respectively. As for, the Cyanophyceae species, they were removed completely in treated water using the sedimentation, filtration, and chlorination process. The sedimentation basins removed from 20 to 100% of the total algal count while the rapid sand filters removed from 65 to 100% of the total algal count during the water treatment that depends on the species of algae.

Conclusions
This study concluded that the removal of algae from the Nile water may be more or less easy depending on the nature of the prevailing algal group. Water treatment plants must modify alum and chlorine doses in their water treatment processes according to the count and species of the algal groups, to provide an aesthetically acceptable and biologically safe water supply.
Fungal communities in feces of the frugivorous bat Ectophylla alba and its highly specialized Ficus colubrinae diet
Authors: Chaverri Priscila , Chaverri Gloriana 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundBats are important long-distance dispersers of many tropical plants, yet, by consuming fruits, they may disperse not only the plant’s seeds, but also the mycobiota within those fruits. We characterized the culture-dependent and independent fungal communities in fruits ofFicus colubrinaeand feces ofEctophylla albato determine if passage through the digestive tract of bats affected the total mycobiota.ResultsUsing presence/absence and normalized abundance data from fruits and feces, we demonstrate that the fungal communities were significantly different, even though there was an overlap of ca. 38% of Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs). We show that some of the fungi from fruits were also present and grew from fecal samples. Fecal fungal communities were dominated byAgaricomycetes, followed byDothideomycetes,Sordariomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, andMalasseziomycetes, while fruit samples were dominated byDothideomycetes, followed bySordariomycetes,Agaricomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, andLaboulbeniomycetes. Linear discriminant analyses (LDA) show that, for bat feces, the indicator taxa includeBasidiomycota(i.e.,Agaricomycetes: PolyporalesandAgaricales), and the ascomycetous classEurotiomycetes(i.e.,Eurotiales,Aspergillaceae). For fruits, indicator taxa are in theAscomycota(i.e.,Dothideomycetes:Botryosphaeriales;Laboulbeniomycetes:Pyxidiophorales; andSordariomycetes:Glomerellales). In our study, the differences in fungal species composition between the two communities (fruits vs. feces) reflected on the changes in the functional diversity. For example, the core community in bat feces is constituted by saprobes and animal commensals, while that of fruits is composed mostly of phytopathogens and arthropod-associated fungi.ConclusionsOur study provides the groundwork to continue disentangling the direct and indirect symbiotic relationships in an ecological network that has not received enough attention: fungi-plants-bats. Findings also suggest that the role of frugivores in plant-animal mutualistic networks may extend beyond seed dispersal: they may also promote the dispersal of potentially beneficial microbial symbionts while, for example, hindering those that can cause plant disease.
The synergistic effect of eucalyptus oil and retinoic acid on human esophagus cancer cell line SK-GT-4
Authors: Falih Saba M. J. , Al-Saray Sarah T. , Alfaris Abdulbari A. , Al-Ali Ali A. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
In order to improve cancer patients' chances of survival, scientists have prioritized finding alternatives to chemotherapy, focusing their efforts on natural sources. The current study investigates the anti-cancer action of retinoic acid and Eucalyptus oil in esophageal cancer and studies their combined effect as well as the cellular pathways that each trigger as part of ongoing research in this field. As a model of esophageal cancer, the SK-GT-4 cancer cell line was treated with a series of concentrations of both materials.

Results
The concentrations of Eucalyptus oil (10, 100, 1000, and 1500 g/mL) and Retinoic acid (5, 100, 150, and 200 M/mL) were used for treatment of cells. The MTT test was used to assess the anti-cancer activity of Eucalyptus oil and Retinoic acid, and qPCR was used to determine cellular pathways. Our findings show that both Eucalyptus oil and Retinoic acid inhibit cancer cell growth significantly. Our findings revealed that the IC50 values for eucalyptus oil were 63 g/mL and 111.3 M l/mL for retinoic acid. Furthermore, the impact was at the level that causes apoptosis. The findings suggested that any herbal substance could act as an inducer of the caspase-9-dependent pathway. The caspase-8-dependent pathway, on the other hand, was restricted to retinoic acid.

Conclusion
Our research discovered that the two chemicals worked together to create a synergistic effect. This synergistic effect could be attributed to a close connection between external and internal apoptotic pathways, which inhibits SK-GT-4 cell growth.

Graphical Abstract
The clinical and functional characteristics of bronchiectasis among tuberculosis patients in Upper Egypt: a single-center study
Authors: Hashem Maiada K. , Nasim Youssef Suliman Marey , Mohamed-Hussein Aliae A.R. , Shaddad Ahmad M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundTuberculosis (TB) is considered one of the most common causes of bronchiectasis. Bronchiectasis increases clinical and financial burden of patients with TB. Here, we aim to assess the prevalence of bronchiectasis and its characteristics in patients with TB.ResultsOver 1 year duration, 85 patients with confirmed TB were enrolled in the study. Those patients were clinically, laboratory, and radiologically evaluated. Any patient with other chest diseases was excluded from the study. Out of those patients, 19/85 (22.4%) patients had bronchiectasis. It was found that patients with bronchiectasis had higher frequency of urban residence, current cigarette or goza smoking, and diabetes mellitus. Hemoptysis and expectoration were the most frequent symptoms. Pulmonary function tests were significantly impaired in patients with bronchiectasis. Disease burden was significantly higher among bronchiectasis group in form of frequent hospitalization, longer hospital stay, and need of oxygen therapy.ConclusionBronchiectasis is not uncommon among TB patients. Co-existence of bronchiectasis with TB has distinctive clinical, and functional characteristics that increase the burden of the diseases in the form of prolonged hospital stay and higher utilization of antibiotics and oxygen therapy. Smoking in tuberculous patients may is significantly associated with bronchiectasis.
Developing country demand for crop germplasm conserved by the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System
Authors: Rubenstein Kelly Day , Heisey Paul W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Future food production depends on the availability of crop varieties with more resistance to pests and diseases, temperature extremes, irregular moisture, and saltier soils. Plant breeders will need diverse germplasm to create improved varieties, especially in developing countries. The U.S. National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) supplies germplasm to users worldwide.

Methods
To assess the demand for NPGS germplasm, we used: (1) distribution data from the Genetic Research Information Network; and (2) information collected directly from recipients of NPGS materials. Data collected included user characteristics, types of germplasm requested and received, the purpose of requests, the usefulness of materials received, and expectations for future use.

Results
For ten major crops, the NPGS distributed approximately 100,000 samples to users in developing countries during 2011–2015. NPGS germplasm ranged from final cultivars to crop wild relatives. These respondents requested proportionately more cultivars than are present in the NPGS. In developing countries, nearly all samples were received by scientists (98%). The most frequent purpose for requesting samples was basic research, followed by adding to collections, evaluating for specific traits, and breeding/prebreeding. These respondents found 38% of samples useful in breeding or in other ways. Another 38% of samples were still being evaluated. Previous research indicates the usefulness of samples is partially dependent on the data accompanying them. Compared with results from an earlier study, more samples had useful data. Finally, 64% of respondents in developing countries expected their use of the NPGS to increase, while only 8% expected their use to decrease.

Conclusions
The NPGS supplies significant amounts of crop germplasm to developing countries. The use of NPGS samples for basic research increased in developing countries. These respondents found more samples useful than those from an earlier study. NPGS samples were more likely to have useful data than in the past, which may enhance their usefulness. Finally, respondents in developing countries were more likely than other users to expect constant or increasing use of NPGS germplasm, underscoring the importance of NPGS materials for developing countries.
Risk of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis After Risk-Reducing Salpingo-Oophorectomy: A Systematic Review and Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis
Authors: Steenbeek Miranda P. , van Bommel Majke H.D. , Bulten Johan , Hulsmann Julia A. , Bogaerts Joep , Garcia Christine , Cun Han T. , Lu Karen H. , van Beekhuizen Heleen J. , Minig Lucas , Gaarenstroom Katja N. , Nobbenhuis Marielle , Krajc Mateja , Rudaitis Vilius , Norquist Barbara M. , Swisher Elizabeth M. , Mourits Marian J.E. , Massuger Leon F.A.G. , Hoogerbrugge Nicoline , Hermens Rosella P.M.G. , IntHout Joanna , de Hullu Joanne A. 
Published: March 2022

PURPOSE After risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO), BRCA1/ 2 pathogenic variant (PV) carriers have a residual risk to develop peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC). The etiology of PC is not yet clarified, but may be related to serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC), the postulated origin for high-grade serous cancer. In this systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis, we investigate the risk of PC in women with and without STIC at RRSO. METHODS Unpublished data from three centers were supplemented by studies identified in a systematic review of EMBASE, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane library describing women with a BRCA-PV with and without STIC at RRSO until September 2020. Primary outcome was the hazard ratio for the risk of PC between BRCA-PV carriers with and without STIC at RRSO, and the corresponding 5- and 10-year risks. Primary analysis was based on a one-stage Cox proportional-hazards regression with a frailty term for study. RESULTS From 17 studies, individual patient data were available for 3,121 women, of whom 115 had a STIC at RRSO. The estimated hazard ratio to develop PC during follow-up in women with STIC was 33.9 (95% CI, 15.6 to 73.9), P < .001) compared with women without STIC. For women with STIC, the five- and ten-year risks to develop PC were 10.5% (95% CI, 6.2 to 17.2) and 27.5% (95% CI, 15.6 to 43.9), respectively, whereas the corresponding risks were 0.3% (95% CI, 0.2 to 0.6) and 0.9% (95% CI, 0.6 to 1.4) for women without STIC at RRSO. CONCLUSION BRCA-PV carriers with STIC at RRSO have a strongly increased risk to develop PC which increases over time, although current data are limited by small numbers of events.
Multiple Cervical Cutdowns of Scar Tissue to Treat Bowstringing After Deep Brain Stimulation: Description of Technique and Case Series
Authors: Graham Dakota T. , Zhou James J. , Lambert Margaret , Ponce Francisco A. 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND:
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is widely used to treat movement disorders. One rare complication is bowstringing, the formation of scar tissue around the extension wires. This adverse effect can cause considerable pain or discomfort in the cervical region. Limited information is available about the best surgical technique to address this complication.

OBJECTIVE:
To present and describe a surgical technique (cervical cutdown [CCD]) to treat bowstringing.

METHODS:
We retrospectively reviewed records of DBS patients treated with CCD for bowstringing (August 1, 2011-February 28, 2020) to identify parameters that preceded the condition, evolution of the treatment technique, and patient outcomes.

RESULTS:
Nine patients (mean age, 61 years) underwent 10 CCD procedures for bowstringing. One patient required repeat CCD for retethering 10 months after the initial CCD. The mean time from DBS to presentation for initial bowstringing was 25 months. Six patients had undergone DBS surgery at our institution (0.6% incidence in 1068 cases). All 9 patients had 2 extension wires tunneled unilaterally. During each CCD, 2 to 4 cervical incisions were made. In 7 of the 10 cases, the internal pulse generator pocket was reopened; the extension wires were detethered in 4, and the internal pulse generator was replaced in 3. Six patients with follow-up (mean, 15 months) reported that their symptoms had improved ≥50%; 3 patients were lost to follow-up.

CONCLUSION:
A primary risk factor of bowstringing after DBS is likely the unilateral routing of 2 extension wires. CCD surgery is effective for symptomatic patients nonresponsive to conservative management.
Development of a novel human intestinal model to elucidate the effect of anaerobic commensals on Escherichia coli infection
Authors: McGrath Conor J. , Laveckis Edgaras , Bell Andrew , Crost Emmanuelle , Juge Nathalie , Schüller Stephanie 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in protecting against enteric infection. However, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown owing to a lack of suitable experimental models. Although most gut commensals are anaerobic, intestinal epithelial cells require oxygen for survival. In addition, most intestinal cell lines do not produce mucus, which provides a habitat for the microbiota. Here, we have developed a microaerobic, mucus-producing vertical diffusion chamber (VDC) model and determined the influence of Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Ruminococcus gnavus on enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) infection. Optimization of the culture medium enabled bacterial growth in the presence of mucus-producing T84/LS174T cells. Whereas L. reuteri diminished EPEC growth and adhesion to T84/LS174T and mucus-deficient T84 epithelia, R. gnavus only demonstrated a protective effect in the presence of LS174T cells. Reduced EPEC adherence was not associated with altered type III secretion pore formation. In addition, co-culture with L. reuteri and R. gnavus dampened EPEC-induced interleukin 8 secretion. The microaerobic mucin-producing VDC system will facilitate investigations into the mechanisms underpinning colonization resistance and aid the development of microbiota-based anti-infection strategies.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Practices, awareness, and perception towards home-based COVID-19 management among the general population in Mangalore city in south India
Authors: Joseph Nitin , Singh Vijay Pratap , Murthy Impana Venkatesha , Raman Vishaan , Banihatti Nagaraj Meera , Shetty Rahul Vishwanath , Sai Vemuri Krishna , Shreedhara Shruthi , Manja Maranakatte Shridhar Sumukha 
Published: March 2022

Background: Most patients with COVID-19 experience mild illness, which can be managed in a home environment. This study was done to assess the perception, awareness, and practices regarding home-based management of COVID-19 among the general population in India. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in May and June 2021. Data were collected using a Google Form. Results: Mean age of the 294 participants was 36.6 ± 12.1 years. Of these participants, 45 (15.3%) were diagnosed with COVID-19 anytime in the past. Among them, 37 (82.2%) underwent home-based management for COVID-19. Monitoring body temperature and oxygen saturation were performed just once a day by 15.2% and 5.9% of COVID-19 patients respectively. Self-medication was practiced by 11 (29.7%) patients. Disposable face masks were worn by 23 (62.2%) patients beyond eight hours of continuous usage. The disposable type of face mask was not discarded despite becoming wet, and cloth masks were worn by eight (21.6%) patients. Disposable gloves were only worn by 14 (37.8%) caregivers of COVID-19 patients. As many as 10 (27%) patients were tested for COVID-19 after completion of home isolation. Awareness of all mild symptoms and signs of the disease was known to only 19 (6.5%) participants. Normal oxygen saturation in the blood was known to 40 (13.6%) participants. Just six (2%) participants were aware of the correct duration of home isolation in a symptomatic patient with COVID-19. The recommended duration of handwashing with soap and water was known to 102 (34.7%) participants. As many as 17.4% and 32.7% of participants were not confident in using thermometer and pulse oximeter respectively. Conclusion: Practices, awareness, and perception regarding certain essential measures in COVID-19 home management were found lacking among several participants. These need to be addressed by suitable training programs among the general population.
Profesor Stanisław Komornicki (1949-2016)
Authors: Pachowicz Anna 
Published: March 2022

PROFESSOR STANISŁAW KOMORNICKI (1949-2016): A MEMOIR
The aim of this article is to present the figure of Prof. Dr. hab. Stanisław Komornicki (1949-2016), who worked at the University of Science and Technology in Kraków and the University of Applied Sciences in Tarnów. The professor was born, raised, and educated in Krakow (in the years 1967-1968 and 1971-1972, he graduated from full-time master’s studies in physical chemistry at the Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry of the Jagiellonian University). He started his scientific work and career in Kraków (first at the Environmental Laboratory of Physicochemical and Structural Research of the Jagiellonian University, then at the University of Science and Technology in Kraków). He attended many symposia and conferences as part of his studies, but also participated in competitive sports, and later served as a judge of rowing. He was associated with the city of Tarnów as an academic teacher, vice-rector, and then rector at the University of Applied Sciences in Tarnów, which was established in the late-1990s. S. Komornicki also participated in the works of the oldest sports federation in the world, Fédération Internationale des Sociétés d’Aviron – FISA (International Federation of Rowing Societies), as a member of the Arbitration Commission. He was on the jury of the World Rowing Championships in 1989, 1994, 1995, 1999, the 2000 World Rowing World Championships, the Olympic Games in Athens (2004), Beijing (2008) and in London (2012).
Investigation of Electromagnetic Exposure of WPT Coil to Human Body Based on Biological Electromagnetic Safety Assessment
Authors: Sun Hongyan , Hou Shiliang , Zhao Yang , Yan Wei , Wu Yongji 
Published: March 2022

When the wireless power transmission (WPT) system of electric vehicle(EV) is working, the leakage of high frequency electromagnetic field (EMF) to the non-working area will be threaten to human safety. According to SAE J2954 standard, the coupling coils modeling of WPT and car shell modeling are established. WPT's bit-directional guidance technology and deviation correction control strategy are given. According to the harm degree of SAR, power density P, current density J and magnetic induction intensity B to human body when the human model is in different positions of standing, lying and sitting, the comprehensive harm index of electromagnetic radiation Σhurt is creatively proposed to assess the electromagnetic radiation hazard of EV. Field circuit co-simulation helps us to study the bio-electromagnetic safety of WPT in vehicle environment. A human exposure EMF joint test system is designed and made to measure vehicle’s surrounding EMF. Through simulation and experimental verification, WPT coil’s electromagnetic exposure level to the human body inside the EV meets the requirements of ICNIRP, the EMF at the ankle outside the EV exceeds the standard and needs to be protected.