bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Beliefs, and Behaviors Related to Secondhand Smoke and Smoking in the Home: A Qualitative Study With Men in Malaysia
Authors: Abdul Mutalib Raisya Nur Syazmeen , Abd Rani Nurul Latiffah , Zulkifli Aziemah , Abd Latif Norul Hernani , Dobson Ruaraidh , Engku Ibrahim Tengku Azmina , Semple Sean , Abidin Emilia Zainal , Uny Isabelle , O’Donnell Rachel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionDespite the health risks associated with secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure, smoking in the home is common in Malaysia, and almost exclusively a male behavior.Aims and MethodsThis study explored male smokers’ knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors related to SHS exposure and smoking in the home, to guide future intervention development. Twenty-four men who smoked and lived in Klang Valley, Kuantan, or Kuala Terengganu took part in semi-structured interviews which explored knowledge and beliefs regarding SHS in the home, and associated home-smoking behaviors. Data were managed and analyzed using the framework approach.ResultsThere was limited knowledge regarding the health risks associated with SHS: the smell of SHS in the home was a more prominent concern in most cases. Many had no rules in place restricting home smoking, and some suggested that smoking in specific rooms and/or near windows meant SHS was not “shared” with other household members. A few fathers had created but not maintained a smoke-free home prior to and/or after their children were born. Desire to smoke in the home conflicted with men’s sense of responsibility as the head of the household to protect others and set a good example for their children.ConclusionsMen’s home-smoking behaviors are shaped by a lack of understanding of the health risks associated with SHS exposure. Gaining a broader understanding of the factors that shape men’s decisions to create a smoke-free home is important to facilitate the development of culturally appropriate interventions that address their responsibility to protect other household members from SHS exposure.ImplicationsOur findings highlight the need for public information campaigns in Malaysia to educate men who smoke regarding the health harms associated with SHS in the home and the ways in which SHS travels and lingers in household air. This is important given men’s concerns about SHS often focus on the smell of cigarette smoke in the home. Our findings suggest a number of potential avenues for future intervention development, including household and community-level initiatives that could build on men’s sense of responsibility as the head of the household and/or their general desire to protect their families.
Forty-Year Trends in Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Hernández-Meneses Marta , Llopis Jaume , Sandoval Elena , Ninot Salvador , Almela Manel , Falces Carlos , Pericàs Juan M , Vidal Bárbara , Perissinotti Andrés , Marco Francesc , Mestres Carlos A , Paré Carlos , García de la María Cristina , Cuervo Guillermo , Quintana Eduard , Tolosana José M , Moreno Asunción , Miró José M ,   for the Hospital Clinic Infective Endocarditis Team Investigators
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Studies investigating cardiac implantable electronic device infective endocarditis (CIED-IE) epidemiological changes and prognosis over long periods of time are lacking.

Methods
Retrospective single cardiovascular surgery center cohort study of definite CIED-IE episodes between 1981–2020. A comparative analysis of two periods (1981–2000 vs 2001–2020) was conducted to analyze changes in epidemiology and outcome over time.

Results
One-hundred and thirty-eight CIED-IE episodes were diagnosed: 25 (18%) first period and 113 (82%) second. CIED-IE was 4.5 times more frequent in the second period, especially in implantable cardiac defibrillators. Age (63 [53-70] vs 71 [63–76] years, P &lt; .01), comorbidities (CCI 3.0 [2–4] vs 4.5 [3–6], P &gt; .01), nosocomial infections (4% vs 15.9%, P = .02) and transfers from other centers (8% vs 41.6%, P &lt; .01) were significantly more frequent in the second period, as were methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococcal (MR-CoNS) (0% vs 13.3%, P &lt; .01) and Enterococcus spp. (0% vs 5.3%, P = .01) infections, pulmonary embolism (0% vs 10.6%, P &lt; .01) and heart failure (12% vs 28.3%, p &lt; .01). Second period surgery rates were lower (96% vs 87.6%, P = .09), and there were no differences in in-hospital (20% vs 11.5%, P = .11) and one-year mortalities (24% vs 15%, P = .33), or relapses (8% vs 5.3%, P = 0.65). Multivariate analysis showed Charlson index (hazard ratios [95% confidence intervals]; 1.5 [1.16–1.94]) and septic shock (23.09 [4.57–116.67]) were associated with a worse prognosis, whereas device removal (0.11 [.02–.57]), transfers (0.13 [.02–0.95]), and second-period diagnosis (0.13 [.02–.71]) were associated with better one-year outcomes.

Conclusions
CIED-IE episodes increased more than four-fold during last 40 years. Despite CIED-IE involved an older population with more comorbidities, antibiotic-resistant MR-CoNS, and complex devices, one-year survival improved.
The Zapatista Movement, Autonomous Education, and Indigenous Cultural Survival in Southern Mexico
Authors: Inclán María 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter describes the role of the 1990s Zapatista movement in the cultural survival of Indigenous communities supporting the movement’s agenda in southern Mexico. It discusses how the Zapatista movement has facilitated transnational solidarity to its supportive Indigenous communities to sustain their autonomous authority and their education, health, and sustainable projects, while considering the role of archaeological sites in this process. The chapter argues that the survival of the Zapatista movement and the survival of Indigenous communities adhering to the movement’s ideals can be traced to two factors. First, over time Zapatistas have remained relevant social movement actors because of their ability to frame the movement’s discourse around various transnational mobilizing causes. Second, the survival of Zapatista-supporting Indigenous communities has been possible due to their relative success in sustaining their independent education, health, and sustainable projects. In some cases, by controlling public access to territories and archaeological sites Zapatista and non-Zapatista Indigenous communities have launched eco-tourism projects that sustain their continued autonomy. Nevertheless, granting Indigenous control over archaeological patrimony requires reforms at the constitutional level. Still, legal battles may only be possible over land tenure rights where heritage sites are located, because by law archaeological patrimony is property of the Mexican state. Being able to stop ongoing development projects that threaten Maya cultural sites and ecosystems of the Yucatán peninsula will assert Indigenous political power in the region and vis-à-vis the Mexican state, but the outcomes of current legal battles hang in the balance.
Virtues in the Digital Age
Authors: Vallor Shannon 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
As a framework for thinking about digital ethics, scholars have drawn upon virtue traditions from Aristotle and the Stoics to Thomist, Confucian, Buddhist, Humean, and Nietzschean conceptions of virtue and character. This chapter first outlines what virtue ethics brings to the study of the good life in the digital age and the many contexts in which it gets applied, from professional computing ethics to studies of the ethics of digital media, robotics, and artificial intelligence. It also responds to common critiques levied against virtue ethics. The core of the chapter, however, explores an acute challenge to virtue ethics presented by two diverging norms of global digital culture: the liberal ideal of ethical digital practices as enabling individual self-determination of character and its antagonist, a communitarian ideal in which ethical digital practices sustain a shared life of social harmony and unity. This chapter asks whether and how this divide can be overcome.
Fast and slow light-induced changes in murine outer retina optical coherence tomography: complementary high spatial resolution functional biomarkers
Authors: Gao Shasha , Zeng Yong , Li Yichao , Cohen Ethan D , Berkowitz Bruce A , Qian Haohua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFast (seconds) and slow (minutes to hours) optical coherence tomography (OCT) responses to light stimulation have been developed to probe outer retinal function with higher spatial resolution than the classical full-field electroretinogram (ERG). However, the relationships between functional information revealed by OCT and ERG are largely unexplored. In this study, we directly compared the fast and slow OCT responses with the ERG. Fast responses [i.e. the optoretinogram (ORG)] are dominated by reflectance changes in the outer segment (OS) and the inner segment ellipsoid zone (ISez). The ORG OS response has faster kinetics and a higher light sensitivity than the ISez response, and both differ significantly with ERG parameters. Sildenafil-inhibition of phototransduction reduced the ORG light sensitivity, suggesting a complete phototransduction pathway is needed for ORG responses. Slower OCT responses were dominated by light-induced changes in the external limiting membrane to retinal pigment epithelium (ELM-RPE) thickness and photoreceptor-tip hyporeflective band (HB) magnitudes, with the biggest changes occurring after prolonged light stimulation. Mice with high (129S6/ev) vs. low (C57BL/6 J) ATP(adenosine triphosphate) synthesis efficiency show similar fast ORG, but dissimilar slow OCT responses. We propose that the ORG reflects passive physiology, such as water movement from photoreceptors, in response to the photocurrent response (measurable by ERG), whereas the slow OCT responses measure mitochondria-driven physiology in the outer retina, such as dark-provoked water removal from the subretinal space.
Dialogue intervention for youth amidst intractable conflict attenuates neural prejudice response and promotes adults’ peacemaking
Authors: Levy Jonathan , Influs Moran , Masalha Shafiq , Goldstein Abraham , Feldman Ruth 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Humans’ dependence on group living has led to the formation of tenacious, often nonconscious negative perceptions of other social groups, a phenomenon termed “intergroup bias” that sustains one of the world’s most imminent problem: intergroup conflicts. Adolescents’ participation in intergroup conflicts has been continuously on the rise, rendering the need to devise interventions that can mitigate some of their deleterious effects on youth an urgent societal priority. Framed within the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and targeting youth, we implemented a dialogue-enhancing intervention for adolescents (16 to 18 years) reared amidst intractable conflict that builds on social synchrony and the neurobiology of affiliation. Implementing a randomized controlled trial design, before and after the 8-week intervention adolescents underwent magnetoencephalography to assess a neural marker of implicit prejudice and interviewed on their attitudes toward the conflict. Adolescents who received the intervention showed attenuation of the neural prejudice response, as indexed by sustained occipital alpha that was significantly reduced at post-intervention and adopted attitudes of peacemaking. Change in the neural prejudice response predicted attitudes of compromise and support in peacebuilding 7 years later, when young adults can already engage in active civil duties and responsibilities. These results underscore adolescence as a window of opportunity for enhancing inter-group dialogue and demonstrate the long-term associations between the neural evaluation of prejudice and self-reported measures of proclivity for compromise and peace in the context of an intractable century-long conflict.
Sur le nombre d’idéaux dont la norme est la valeur d’une forme binaire de degré 3
Authors: Lartaux Alexandre 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Let $\mathbb{K}$ be a cyclic extension of degree 3 of $\mathbb{Q}$. Take $G={\rm Gal}(\mathbb{K}/ \mathbb{Q})$ and χ the character of a non trivial representation of G. In this case, χ is a non-principal Dirichlet character of degree 3 and the quantity $r_3(n)$ defined by
$$r_3(n):=\big(1*\chi*\chi^2\big)(n)$$
counts the number of ideals of $O_{\mathbb{K}}$ of norm n. In this paper, using a new result on Hooley’s Delta function from [11], we prove an asymptotic estimate, in ξ, of the quantity
$$Q(\xi,\mathcal{R},F):=\sum\limits_{\boldsymbol{x} \in \mathcal{R}(\xi)}{r_3\big(F(\boldsymbol{x})\big)}{\rm ,}$$
for a binary form F of degree 3 irreducible over $\mathbb{K}$ and $\mathcal{R}$ a good domain of $\mathbb{R}^2$, with
$$\mathcal{R}(\xi):=\Big\{\boldsymbol{x} \in \mathbb{R}^2\;:\: \frac{\boldsymbol{x}}{\xi} \in \mathcal{R}\Big\}{\rm .}$$
We also give a geometric interpretation of the main constant of the asymptotic estimate when the ring $O_{\mathbb{K}}$ is principal.
Method to observe Jupiter’s radio emissions at high resolution using multiple LOFAR stations: a first case study of the Io-decametric emission using the Irish IE613, French FR606, and German DE604 stations
Authors: Louis Corentin K , Jackman C M , Grießmeier J-M , Wucknitz O , McKenna D J , Murphy P C , Gallagher P T , Carley E P , Ó Fionnagáin D , Golden A , McCauley J , Callanan P , Redman M , Vocks C 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
The Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) is an international radio telescope array, consisting of 38 stations in the Netherlands and 14 international stations spread over Europe. Here, we present an observation method to study the Jovian decametric radio emissions from several LOFAR stations (here Birr Castle in Ireland, Nançay in France, and Postdam in Germany), at high temporal and spectral resolution. This method is based on prediction tools, such as radio emission simulations and probability maps, and data processing. We report an observation of Io-induced decametric emission from 2021 June, and a first case study of the substructures that compose the macroscopic emissions (called millisecond bursts). The study of these bursts makes it possible to determine the electron populations at the origin of these emissions. We then present several possible future avenues for study based on these observations. The methodology and study perspectives described in this paper can be applied to new observations of Jovian radio emissions induced by Io, but also by Ganymede or Europa, or Jovian auroral radio emissions.
The Dynamics of Disagreement
Authors: Daniel Kent , Klos Alexander , Rottke Simon 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we infer how the estimates of firm value by “optimists” and “pessimists” evolve in response to information shocks. Specifically, we examine returns and disagreement measures for portfolios of short-sale-constrained stocks that have experienced large gains or large losses. Our analysis suggests the presence of two groups, one of which overreacts to new information and remains biased over about 5 years, and a second group, which underreacts and whose expectations are unbiased after about 1 year. Our results have implications for the belief dynamics that underlie the momentum and long-term reversal effect.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Design Thinking in Nursing Education and Health Sciences Education
Authors: Bravo Katherine 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

AIM
The aim of the study was to answer the research question: What is known from the existing literature about the use of design thinking in nursing education and health sciences education?

BACKGROUND
Nursing education should be ready for an enhanced focus on innovation and the potential to influence future practice.

METHOD
Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping framework was used to identify and summarize findings from related literature.

RESULTS
Of 16 publications included, seven were nursing focused references. They consisted mostly of opinion pieces recommending future uses of design thinking. Two were examples of undergraduate nursing courses that incorporated design thinking into courses on innovation and research. Nine publications from multidisciplinary, interprofessional, or medical education with potential application to nursing education were included.

CONCLUSION
A broader effort by educational experts is necessary to increase the visibility and applicability of this human-centered problem-solving technique to move innovation forward in nursing education.
Evidence-Based Practice Knowledge Retention Among Nurse Practitioner Students
Authors: Young Cara C. , Danesh Valerie , De Main Atami S. , Sales Adam C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The mastery of clinical scholarship and analytic methods for evidence-based practice (EBP) is a published essential for nurse practitioner (NP) education; however, retention of EBP-related knowledge during NP education remains unknown. We assessed EBP knowledge during a first-semester research course and again during the last semester using an item response model. We found that changes depended on the exam item, with performance dropping on a third of the items. Our findings suggest a need to integrate EBP concepts across curricula (e.g., feedback loops in courses other than the research course) to retain these essential skills.
Trial of ultrasound guided carpal tunnel release versus traditional open release (TUTOR)
Authors: Eberlin Kyle R. , Dy Christopher J. , Fischer Mark D. , Gluck James L. , Kaplan F. Thomas D. , McDonald Thomas J. , Miller Larry E. , Palmer Alexander , Walker Marc E. , Watt James F. 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Carpal tunnel release (CTR) is a surgical treatment option for patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) symptoms that are unresponsive to conservative treatment. Most patients experience symptomatic relief after CTR regardless of the surgical technique. However, direct comparisons of the safety and effectiveness between CTR surgical techniques are limited. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to compare the safety and effectiveness of CTR with ultrasound guidance (CTR-US) versus mini-open CTR (mOCTR) in subjects with symptomatic CTS.

Design and methods:
TUTOR (Trial of Ultrasound guided CTR versus Traditional Open Release) is a randomized controlled trial in which 120 subjects at up to 12 sites in the United States will be randomized (2:1) to receive CTR-US or mOCTR. The primary endpoint of the study is the percentage of patients who return to normal daily activities within 3 days of the procedure. Secondary endpoints of the study are median time to return to normal daily activities, percentage of patients who return to work within 3 days of the procedure, median time to return to work, Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire Symptom Severity Scale (BCTQ-SSS) change score at 3 months, BCTQ Functional Status Scale (BCTQ-FSS) change score at 3 months, Numeric Pain Scale change score at 3 months, EuroQoL-5 Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L) change score at 3 months, and the incidence of device- or procedure-related adverse events at 3 months. Patient follow-up in this trial will continue for 1 year.

Ethics and dissemination:
This study was approved by a central institutional review board and ongoing trial oversight will be provided by a data safety monitoring board (DSMB). The authors intend to report the results of this trial at medical conferences and peer-reviewed journals. The outcomes of TUTOR will have important clinical and economic implications for all stakeholders involved in treating patients with CTS.

Study registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov): NCT05405218.

Level of evidence:
1
The effectiveness of massage interventions on procedural pain in neonates: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Jiang , Fang Shirong , Wang Yuxia , Gao Lunan , Xin Tingting , Liu Yuxiu 
Published: October 2022

Background:
The painful procedures experienced by neonates during hospitalization have short-term or long-term effects on neonates. While the limitations of previous interventions make it imperative to explore effective interventions that are readily available. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of massage for pain management in neonates.

Methods:
This systematic review was registered in PROSPER. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and the Clinical Trials Registry were searched to December 2021. Two reviewers independently carried out study selection, data extraction, bias risk assessment. Continuous data were analyzed by mean differences (MD). Dichotomous data were reported using relative risk. If at least two studies reported identical results by the same pain assessment tool, a meta-analysis was conducted using random effect model and inverse variance.

Results:
Total 11 included studies involving 755 neonates investigated the effects of massage on neonatal pain response compared to standard care. The meta-analysis showed that massage could effectively improve pain response in neonates compared to standard care no matter whether neonatal infant pain scale (NIPS) or premature infant pain profile (PIPP) was used as an assessment tool. Besides, massage was also effective for crying duration, blood oxygen saturation both during and after the procedure, but non-effective for the variation of respiratory rate after the procedure, and heart rate both during and after the procedure.

Conclusions:
Massage may have a positive effect on pain relief of neonate, and rigorous trials are needed in the future to determine the most effective massage method.
Serum leptin differs in children with obstructive sleep apnea: A meta-analysis and PRISMA compliant article
Authors: He Yao , Zhou Liu-Qing , Hu Yao , Cheng Qing , Niu Xun 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) as an independent cardiovascular risk factor has been proposed, but the mechanisms underlying cardiovascular disease is far from being completely elucidated. Leptin, an inflammatory cytokine produced by adipocytes, contributes to the modulation of metabolism, respiratory control, and inflammation, which are factors associated with cardiovascular disease. Serum levels of leptin in children with OSA have shown conflicting results in previous studies.

Methods:
We performed a meta-analysis to clarify the correlation between leptin expression of the OSA patients following the PRISMA. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were systematically searched for relevant studies, and then independently screened by two researchers, and analyzed the data through STATA version 12.0.

Results:
In a total of 5 articles including 469 participants, the data analysis showed that serum leptin levels were elevated in children with OSA (MD, 6.36; 95% CI, 0.24–12.49, P < .001), compared to the control group. Subgroup analysis were performed based on body mass index. The results of subgroup analysis demonstrated that the serum leptin concentration was correlated with body mass index in children with OSA (MD, 9.70; 95% CI, 0.22–11.18, P < .001).

Conclusions:
The serum leptin levels were elevated in children with OSA, compared to the control group. It could add to our developing understanding of the pathogenesis and potential treatments for children with OSA, and help us to recognize the relevance of OSA in determining cardiovascular issues among children.