bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marine natural products that inhibit osteoclastogenesis and promote osteoblast differentiation
Authors: El-Desoky Ahmed H. H. , Tsukamoto Sachiko 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOsteoporosis is a disease that affects the quality of life of elderly people. The balance between bone formation mediated by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts is important to maintain the normal bone condition. Therefore, the promotion of osteoblast differentiation and the suppression of osteoclastogenesis are effective strategies for osteoporosis treatment. Marine organisms are a promising source of biologically active and structurally diverse secondary metabolites, and have been providing drug leads for the treatment of numerous diseases. We describe the marine-derived secondary metabolites that can inhibit receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis and promote osteoblast differentiation.
Trust Development in Military and Civilian Human–Agent Teams: The Effect of Social-Cognitive Recovery Strategies
Authors: Kox E. S. , Siegling L. B. , Kerstholt J. H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAutonomous agents (AA) will increasingly be deployed as teammates instead of tools. In many operational situations, flawless performance from AA cannot be guaranteed. This may lead to a breach in the human’s trust, which can compromise collaboration. This highlights the importance of thinking about how to deal with error and trust violations when designing AA. The aim of this study was to explore the influence of uncertainty communication and apology on the development of trust in a Human–Agent Team (HAT) when there is a trust violation. Two experimental studies following the same method were performed with (I) a civilian group and (II) a military group of participants. The online task environment resembled a house search in which the participant was accompanied and advised by an AA as their artificial team member. Halfway during the task, an incorrect advice evoked a trust violation. Uncertainty communication was manipulated within-subjects, apology between-subjects. Our results showed that (a) communicating uncertainty led to higher levels of trust in both studies, (b) an incorrect advice by the agent led to a less severe decline in trust when that advice included a measure of uncertainty, and (c) after a trust violation, trust recovered significantly more when the agent offered an apology. The two latter effects were only found in the civilian study. We conclude that tailored agent communication is a key factor in minimizing trust reduction in face of agent failure to maintain effective long-term relationships in HATs. The difference in findings between participant groups emphasizes the importance of considering the (organizational) culture when designing artificial team members.
Microstructure–Hardness–Corrosion Performance of 17–4 Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steels Processed by Selective Laser Melting in Comparison with Commercial Alloy
Authors: Garcia-Cabezon C. , Castro-Sastre M. A. , Fernandez-Abia A. I. , Rodriguez-Mendez M. L. , Martin-Pedrosa F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe 17–4 Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel (PH SS) manufactured by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) has wide application perspectives, but they are limited due to defects and anisotropy. The selection of the appropriate process variables plays a fundamental part in the microstructure and in the determination of the final mechanical and corrosion properties. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the corrosion behavior, hardness and microstructure of 17–4 PH SS manufactured by SLM in comparison to the commercial counterparts. The anisotropic behavior was investigated by analyzing the microstructure–hardness and corrosion interrelationship, both in the surface of the construction platform and in the growth direction of the element. The corrosion behavior of the SLM 17–4PH SS in its natural state was investigated in relation to that of the 17–4 PH SS heat treated in a 0.1 M NaCl + 0.5 M H2SO4 solution, using three electrochemical techniques. The results confirmed that the corrosion resistance of SLM 17–4 PH SS was considerably better than that of the forging, even after 60 days of immersion in the test solution. This was attributed to the absence of important manufacturing defects, to the fine microstructure with an important amount of austenite produced by SLM, and to a small amount of non-metallic inclusions precipitated as a result of the fast cooling and the high speed of solidification associated with the SLM process.
Graphical abstract
Internet of things (IoT) assisted soil salinity mapping at irrigation schema level
Authors: Bashir Rab Nawaz , Bajwa Imran Sarwar , Abbas Muhammad Zahid , Rehman Amjad , Saba Tanzila , Bahaj Saeed Ali , Kolivand Hoshang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSoil salinity accumulates a high concentration of salts in soils that interfere with normal plant growth. Early detection and quantification of soil salinity are essential to effectively deal with soil salinity in agriculture. Soil salinity quantification and mapping at the irrigation scheme level are vital to evaluating saline soil's reclamation activity. Existing solutions of salinity mapping are costly, time-consuming, and inadequate for applications at the irrigation scheme level. Internet of Things (IoT) assisted salinity mapping at the irrigation scheme level is proposed to quantify and map the soil salinity in agriculture. The proposed IoT-assisted salinity mapping characterizes the soil salinity in terms of Electric Conductivity, pH, and Total Dissolved Salts. The proposed IoT-assisted salinity mapping effectively observes impacts of reclamation activities in saline soil by frequent observation of soil salinity cost-effectively. The accuracy of proposed IoT-assisted salinity mapping is evaluated against the standard method of salinity measurements. The proposed IoT-assisted salinity mapping is cost-effective, and portable, which is very useful for site-specific treatments and soil zones management in saline soils.
Removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solutions using polymer inclusion membrane technology
Authors: Benosmane Nadjib , Boutemeur Baya , Hamdi Safouane M. , Hamdi Maamar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) containing Cellulose triacetate as polymer base, 2-NPOE as a plasticizer, and Calix[4]resorcinarene (RC8) as a carrier were prepared and characterized. Microstructure and surface of PIMs were characterized by scanning electron microscope, FTIR, UV/vis spectroscopy, and Thermogravimetric Analysis, respectively. In order to obtain information on the composition and interactions that may manifest between the constituents of the membrane. The PIMs were applied in the elimination of Methylene Blue (MB) dye from model solution as synthetic aqueous wastewater. Furthermore, the effects of different parameters such as internal and external PIMs environment on the transport performance of MB were also investigated. The results confirming that the content of the carrier and plasticizer in the membrane had a significant impact on the property of PIMs. The transport of dye was in line with the first-order kinetics equation. The highest flux value "8.88 × 10–7 mol.m−2 s−1" was obtained with a calix [4] resorcinarene as a transporter in polymer inclusion membrane at pH 11 in the feed and 0.3 M HCl in the stripping phase when MB initial concentration was 100 mg/L. The membrane has better stability under optimum conditions and maximum transport was observed after 30 h of permeation time.
Numerical investigation of the effect of geometric parameters on discharge coefficients for broad-crested weirs with sloped upstream and downstream faces
Authors: Malekzadeh Faezeh , Salmasi Farzin , Abraham John , Arvanaghi Hadi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWeirs are structures that are important for measuring flow and controlling water levels. Research has shown that the discharge coefficient is not constant and depends on the crest length, the height of the weir, the upstream head, and the upstream and downstream slopes. In this study, the effect of these parameters on the discharge coefficient (Cd) is investigated by numerical simulation. The current study present numerical simulation using the ANSYS FLUENT software. The total number of simulations is 432 which includes: 4 upstream slopes, 4 downstream slopes, 3 weir heights, 3 upstream heads (h1) and 3 weir crest lengths. It was found that the downstream face slope has little effect on Cd. For 0.1 < H1/w < 0.4 by decreasing the upstream slope, Cd increases, where H1 is the water head on the weir crest and w is the length of the crest. Also, for the same range, by decreasing the height of the weir (p), the Cd increases. For 0.16 < H1/p < 2, as the length of the crest decreases, the Cd increases. By comparing the numerical simulation results to physical measurements, multi-variable regression equations for estimating Cd are presented. In addition to Cd, extraction of other more detailed information such as water level profiles and velocity profiles at different locations is provided.
Utilization of cross-linked chitosan for cobalt adsorption and its reutilization as a photocatalyst for the photodegradation of methyl violet dye in aqueous medium
Authors: Khan Nasib , Khan Idrees , Zada Noor , Sadiq Muhammad , Saeed Khalid 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRemoval of heavy metals and dyes from wastewater has received great attention due to scarcity of clean water worldwide. Herein an approach was introduced to attain this goal by employing a single material. Chitosan films were prepared, cross-linked it and utilized for the adsorption of cobalt from aqueous medium. The cobalt adsorbed chitosan was then reutilized as a photocatalyst for the photodegradation of methyl violet dyes. The prepared chitosan, cross-linked chitosan and cobalt adsorbed cross-linked chitosan were characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). SEM and EDX confirmed the adsorption of cobalt on the cross-linked chitosan. TGA analysis proved the increase in thermal stability with cross-linking while FTIR confirmed the cross-linking of chitosan. Maximum cobalt adsorption of 144 mg/g occurs at 600 ppm salt concentration. The photodegradation study shows that the fresh cobalt adsorbed cross-linked chitosan degraded about 97.78% methyl violet dye within 180 min under UV light, while the recovered degraded about 86.97% within the same time. Efficient degradation was observed at low initial dye concentration and at 30 ppm about 92.16% dye degraded.
Methylene blue removal using grape leaves waste: optimization and modeling
Authors: Mousavi Seyyed Alireza , Mahmoudi Arezoo , Amiri Samira , Darvishi Parastoo , Noori Elham 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe present study focuses on the preparation of activated carbon (AC) from grape leaves as a low cost, non-toxic, efficient and available adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. The experimental design and data modeling have been carried out using response surface methodology (RSM) through DoE software version 8.0.0. The effect of independent variables including initial dye concentration (100–500 mg/L), pH (3–11), contact time (10–90 min) and adsorbent dosage (0.25–12.25 g/L) on dye removal was determined using the response surface methodology (RSM). The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) displayed high R2 value of 0.91% for dye removal that shows the developed model has acceptable accuracy. The highest removal efficiency of MB (97.4%) was obtained at optimum condition (pH: 11, adsorbent dosage 12.5 g/L, MB concentration 100 mg/L and contact time 90 min). The results indicated that the initial dye concentration and adsorbent dosage play an important role in increasing the adsorbent efficiency for adsorption of MB. The equilibrium data onto the adsorption of MB were measured using Langmuir and Freundlich, isotherm models. The experimental data obtained follow the Langmuir model (R2 = 0.88). In addition, the second-order kinetic model is more consistent with the adsorption data.
Impact of the modernized technology on the quality of water supplied to the extended distribution system of the city of Poznań
Authors: Lasocka-Gomuła Iwona , Świetlik Joanna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe paper presents the results of a long-term study covering the development, implementation and operation of the second stage of water treatment (i.e. ozonation and subsequent granular active carbon (GAC) filtration) in the “Mosina” water treatment station supplying drinking water to the city of Poznań. The basis for the modernisation of the system was the high reactivity of the natural organic matter (NOM) present in the treated water with the disinfectant (in this case chlorine dioxide) resulting in an increased demand for ClO2 and reduced microbiological stability of the water. During the study it was shown that simple carboxylic acids are generated during ozonation and their presence can be an indicator of the microbiological stability of the treated water. However, these compounds are effectively removed from water during filtration through biologically active GAC filters. It was also shown that the best and cheapest parameter allowing to control water quality at individual stages of its treatment is UV absorbance, which shows reactive components of NOM removal efficiency in the technological sequence. The effectiveness of the modernisation of the technological system was evaluated on the basis of the disinfectant demand as well as on the basis of selected carboxylic acids concentration in the intake points on the water supply network fed with water from the WTS “Mosina”. At the last stage of the study, it was observed that the concentration of carboxylic acids in the distribution network was significantly reduced and stabilised, and a low dose of chlorine dioxide did not cause their re-formation. As a result of the modernisation, a new balance was achieved between the disinfectants used and the NOM compounds present in the treated water. Thus, the results confirmed that properly conducted pilot studies are a required element in planning of modernisation changes for water supply facilities.
Reconsidering priorities for forest conservation when considering the threats of mining and armed conflict
Authors: Williams Brooke A. , Grantham Hedley S. , Watson James E. M. , Shapiro Aurélie C. , Plumptre Andrew J. , Ayebare Samuel , Goldman Elizabeth , Tulloch Ayesha I. T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMany threats to biodiversity can be predicted and are well mapped but others are uncertain in their extent, impact on biodiversity, and ability for conservation efforts to address, making them more difficult to account for in spatial conservation planning efforts, and as a result, they are often ignored. Here, we use a spatial prioritisation analysis to evaluate the consequences of considering only relatively well-mapped threats to biodiversity and compare this with planning scenarios that also account for more uncertain threats (in this case mining and armed conflict) under different management strategies. We evaluate three management strategies to address these more uncertain threats: 1. to ignore them; 2. avoid them; or 3. specifically target actions towards them, first individually and then simultaneously to assess the impact of their inclusion in spatial prioritisations. We apply our approach to the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and identify priority areas for conserving biodiversity and carbon sequestration services. We found that a strategy that avoids addressing threats of mining and armed conflict more often misses important opportunities for biodiversity conservation, compared to a strategy that targets action towards areas under threat (assuming a biodiversity benefit is possible). We found that considering mining and armed conflict threats to biodiversity independently rather than simultaneously results in 13 800–14 800 km2 and 15 700–25 100 km2 of potential missed conservation opportunities when undertaking threat-avoiding and threat-targeting management strategies, respectively. Our analysis emphasises the importance of considering all threats that can be mapped in spatial conservation prioritisation.
Sufficient Conditions for a Graph to Have All [a, b]-Factors and (a, b)-Parity Factors
Authors: Yang Zixuan , Zhang Xuechun , Lu Hongliang , Lin Yuqing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLet G be a graph with vertex set V and let $$b>a$$

b
>
a

be two positive integers. We say that G has all [a, b]-factors if G has an h-factor for every $$h: V\rightarrow {\mathbb {N}}$$

h
:
V
→
N

such that $$a \le h(v) \le b$$

a
≤
h
(
v
)
≤
b

for every $$v\in V$$

v
∈
V

and $$\sum _{v\in V}h(v)\equiv 0\pmod 2$$

∑

v
∈
V

h

(
v
)

≡
0

(
mod

2
)

. A spanning subgraph F of G is called an (a, b)-parity factor, if $$d_F (v) \equiv a \equiv b $$

d
F

(
v
)

≡
a
≡
b

(mod 2) and $$a \le d_F (v) \le b$$

a
≤

d
F

(
v
)

≤
b

for all $$v \in V$$

v
∈
V

. In this paper, we have developed sufficient conditions for the existence of all [a, b]-factors and (a, b)-parity factors of G in terms of the independence number and connectivity of G. This work extended an earlier result of Nishimura (J Graph Theory 13: 63–69, 1989). Furthermore, we show that these results are best possible in some cases.
Local well-posedness of the coupled Yang–Mills and Dirac system in temporal gauge
Authors: Pecher Hartmut 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe consider the classical Yang–Mills system coupled with a Dirac equation in 3+1 dimensions in temporal gauge. Using that most of the nonlinear terms fulfill a null condition we prove local well-posedness for small data with minimal regularity assumptions. This problem for smooth data was solved forty years ago by Y. Choquet-Bruhat and D. Christodoulou. The corresponding problem in Lorenz gauge was considered recently by the author in [14].
Effects of di-ammonium citrate: polyvinylpyrrolidone as a complexion dispersants on 3Y-TZP slurries and sintered body properties
Authors: Sinaga Pestaria , Bae Sung-Hwan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA wide application of 3 mol% Yttria-stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia Poly-crystalline (3Y-TZP) makes the concern of ceramic processing required to produce strong and reliable engineering ceramic products. In this study, we successfully improved the 3Y-TZP mechanical properties by paying great concern to the early processing of 3Y-TZP powder. Here, we used the concept of colloidal processing by manipulating the 3Y-TZP inter-particle force as a combination of steric and depletion stabilization. Di-ammonium citrate (DAC) was used to induce steric stabilization utilizing the DAC’s carboxyl group to strongly bond with the OH group of the 3Y-TZP. While Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) which could not bond with 3Y-TZP, leaves it freely as an un-attached polymer in slurries and induces a depletion stabilization mechanism. Using the combination of steric and depletion stabilization, the YSZ slurries stability is improved, and a uniform and smaller particle size can be obtained. As the result, better microstructure and high mechanical properties of the sintered body, such as higher density and Vickers hardness, can be achieved. By comparing to the sintered body of 3Y-TZP containing just DAC and 3Y-TZP containing a combination of DAC and PVP, better-sintered body properties can be found for the 3Y-TZP containing the combination of DAC and PVP, and the results can be listed as follows: grain size reduced from 0.420 to 0.281 um, density is increased from 94.5 to 99.3%, and Vickers hardness increases from 1190 to 1305 HV.
Effect of the COVID-19 Outbreak on the Incidence of Other Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Infections in Children in Thai Binh, Vietnam in 2020
Authors: Nguyen Quoc Tien , Dao Thi Loi , Pham Thi Dung , Tran Trong Kiem , Hoang Van Thuan , Gautret Philippe 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction
To evaluate the impact of COVID-19 mitigation measures on the total number of consultations for respiratory and gastrointestinal infections among children under 16 years in Thai Binh Pediatric Hospital, Vietnam during the year 2020.

Methods
A retrospective study was carried out to review consecutive consultations occurring in children admitted from January 01, 2016 to December 31, 2020. All medical records were collected from the central numeric database of the hospital. Diagnoses were documented according to the International Classification of Diseases 10 criteria.

Results
436,276 children consulted at the outpatient department during the period of study. A gradual increase in the total number of outpatients was observed from 2016 to 2019, including those consulting for respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. However, the total number of outpatients and the numbers of those consulting for respiratory and gastrointestinal infections dramatically decreased in 2020. A significant decrease of respiratory infections relative proportion was observed in 2020 when compared to 2016–2019 (p < 0.0001). By contrast, the relative proportion of gastrointestinal infections did not significantly vary (p = 0.91). The proportion of outpatients aged under 5 years was significantly lower in 2020 compared to previous years (p < 0.0001). The proportion of male patients was significantly higher in 2020 than from 2016 to 2019 (p = 0.001).

Conclusion
Public health measures against the COVID-19 pandemic likely decreased the prevalence of other respiratory tract infections. Further studies are needed to validate the effectiveness of each type of measure. Microbiological studies are also recommended, to better understand the effect of preventive measures.