bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response Characteristics of Sensor Array of Fresh Meat Detection Circuit using Conducting Polymer Sensor
Authors: Simanjuntak Benrad Edwin , Situmorang Marhaposan , Humaidi Syahrul , Sinambela Marzuki 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Consumption of meat is needed by society. The meat needed is of course fresh and quality meat. However, the quality of meat sold in the community varies greatly. Fresh and quality meat is meat that is odorless, not slimy, does not change color in certain areas. Meat that is not fresh and not of good quality is smelly meat. The odor is described as a fishy smell, a foul smell, contains sulfur and smells like ammonia. Because it is dangerous to consume rotten meat, it is necessary to have an automatic meat detection device so that it can ensure the meat is fresh and of good quality. This tool replaces the human nose with an odor sensor as a bad smell detector.
The Role of Institutions in the Downstream Agribusiness Palm oil (Elaeis Sp) Subsystem
Authors: Jafar Rayhana , Khaerunnisa  , Sutrisno Adi , Sulistyo Anang , Mubarak Ahmad , Kurniasih Nia , Nurlela M , Abimayu Sakti 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Palm oil is one of the leading commodities of Nunukan Regency. However, problems related to institutions that play a role in the downstream agribusiness subsystem are not running optimally. This is due to limited information, weak coordination between institutions, weak capacity and optimization of farmer institutions. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the institutions that play a role in the downstream agribusiness subsystem. The research was conducted in Nunukan Regency, North Kalimantan Province. Data collection was carried out using a descriptive method through an expert system approach with a survey method. Data analysis with Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM). The results showed that 11 institutions that have an important role in the Downstream Oil Palm Agribusiness Subsystem in Nunukan Regency are (1). Department of Agriculture and Plantation, (2). Agricultural Extension, (3). Bank Rakyat Indonesia Nunukan Regency, (4).GAPOKTAN/Women’s Farmer’s Group/Farmers’ Group, (5) Middlemen, (6) Cooperative Service, (7).Community Empowerment Agency and Village Government, (8). Cooperative Business Unit, (9). Palm Oil Company, (10). Central Bureau of Statistics (11). Agricultural Quarantine Center. Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dan Pemerintah Desa (BPMD), (8). Unit Usaha Koperasi, (9). Perusahaan Sawit, (10). Badan Pusat Statistik (11). Balai Karantina Pertanian.
Characterization of powdered S. japonica as carrier material for natural food preservatives
Authors: Putra Y , Siahaan E A , Pangestuti R , Ali L , Wahab A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

S. japonica, an edible brown seaweed, has been used as an efficient biosorbent for its ability in compound adsorption and desorption. Our previous study has demonstrated that natural preservatives (AITC) could be loaded into basic and processed S. japonica via vapor and solution deposition methods. S. japonica carried AITC was successful in inhibiting several foodborne pathogens. According to our previous findings, we proposed this edible brown seaweed suitable for a delivery system of volatile antimicrobials. A comprehensive study was carried out to investigate the absorption and desorption behavior of S. japonica and its porosity. Basic and processed materials of S. japonica were prepared and analyzed. The BET technique was used to determine the surface area and pore size distribution of basic and processed S. japonica. The processed S. japonica powders showed an improvement of pore volume (0.113 cm3/g), pore diameter (0.938 nm), and surface area (5.439 m2/g); while the basic powders showed dense and smoother surface with smaller pore volume (0.077 cm3/g), pore diameter (0.245 nm), and surface area of 0.4529 m2/g. It is suggested that the removal of lipid material may contribute to the improvement of pore size distribution.
Heavy Metal Contents of Hg, Cd, Pb, and Cu in Mud Crab (Scylla Serrata) in Banten Bay, Indonesia
Authors: Fatryani Dita , Sulistiono  , Batu Djamar TF Lumban 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe development of industry and residential areas around the waters of Banten Bay can increase the input of heavy metal waste and cause accumulation in aquatic biota, especially in mud crab (Scylla serrata). This study aims to determine the level of accumulation of heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Pb, and Cu) contained in mud crab meat in Bojonegara Coastal Waters, Banten Bay. Sampling of the mud crabs was carried out monthly for three months, from August to October 2020 in the waters. The research method consists of the calculation of Bioconcentration Factor (BCF), Maximum Weekly Intake (MWI), and Maximum Tolerable Intake (MTI). According to the analysis, content of heavy metals Hg, Cd, and Pb in mud crab was under the AAS sensitivity value used, which was <0.001 mg/kg, <0.005 mg/kg, <0.030 mg/kg, respectively, while for heavy metal Cu ranged from 4.44 to 13.52 mg/kg. The bioconcentration factor of the heavy metals Hg, Cd, and Pb in the water was classified as low accumulation, while heavy metal Cu in water was classified as medium to high accumulation. The safe limit for consumption of the mud crab meat taken in the waters was 12.94 kg meat/week (adults) and 3.88 kg meat/week (children).
Effect of Maturity Level and Fruit Size on Mechanical Properties of Tomato Fruit (Solanum lycopersicum)
Authors: Safitri Y , Bintoro N , Karyadi J N W 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Knowledge of the mechanical properties of fruit is an important parameter for post-harvest handling in order to minimize damage to the product. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of maturity level and fruit size on the changes in the mechanical properties of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum). The study was conducted on three levels of maturities, namely green, turning, and red as well as three kinds of fruit sizes, namely small, medium, and large with a completely randomized design in three replications. Measurement was done by compressing the tomato samples using a compression machine equipped with a loadcell (Loadstar 10kg) and a linear variable deformation transformer (KTC 50mm). Obtained data were than analyzed according to the ASAE S368.4 DEC2000 (R2008) to determine modulus of elasticity, contact area, and maximum compression stress. The results showed that the modulus of elasticity was significantly affected by the maturity level, whereas Smax was significantly affected by both the size and maturity level, and the contact area only affected by the size of the sample. The interaction of the size and maturity level was found to be significant for the modulus of elasticity and Smax values. It was also observed that the tomato of green maturity had the highest modulus of elasticity than tomatoes at turning and red ripeness levels. The smallest modulus of elasticity was 0.5758 MPa for small red tomato, while the largest was 1.9694 MPa for small green tomato. For the contact area, it was found that as the size of the sample increased, the value of the contact area was also increased. The smallest value of contact area was found for small red tomato, which was 0,0006 m2 and the largest value was for large red tomatoes which was 0,0018 m2. The green tomatoes had the largest Smax, followed by turning tomatoes and the last one was red tomatoes. The smallest Smax was 0.1081MPa for large red tomato, while the largest was 0.6427 MPa for small green tomato.
Morphological adaptation of cocoa fine roots under shaded of langsat tree in exploring stony soil
Authors: Saleh AR , Gusli S , Ala A , Neswati R , Sudewi S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Cocoa fine roots are responsive to changes in the soil environment to maximize nutrient and water absorption for plant growth. The presence of rock increases soil density and decreases available water content, promoting modification of fine root development. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of the physical properties of stony soil on the morphological properties of fine roots. In three land-use systems, soil samples were taken from four depths using a sample core measuring 385 cm3 in three land-use systems. Fine roots were extracted by the immersion method, to measure the length of fine roots from five classes of orders based on diameter. We notes, the bulk density of stony soil increases as the rock mass increases, and the depth increases. The available water content decreases with the increase in bulk density, and this decrease is more pronounced in the lower soil layer. Fine root length was found more in the lower order diameter class, decreasing soil moisture against the bulk density gradient. The bulk density in the topsoil layer reaches 1.71 g cm-3, increasing to 1.84 g cm-3 in the lower soil layer. It seems unreasonable, when compared to the general density of soil mass. Still, this result is solely due to the high fraction of rock with a higher density. Fine roots were dominated by orders 1 and 2 with root diameters < 0.25 mm and < 0.50 mm, reaching 70% of the total fine root length. Fine roots in this diameter class act as absorbent roots, acquiring water and nutrients from the soil.
Antibacterial Activity of Garlic Extract (Allium Sativum) using Fermentation and Non Fermentation towards Propionibacterium Acne
Authors: Fajryana Annisa , Ginting Chrismis Novalinda , Chiuman Linda , Ginting Sahna Ferdinand 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study aims to reveal the relationship between responses, where the taken response is the inflammatory response, especially on acne (Acne vulgaris). Simply, acne can also promotes the presence of Propionibacterium acne colonies. Therefore, inhibitor test is needed to reduce the number of Propionibacterium acne, hence in the end it has effect to help reliving the inflammation. These efforts encourage a utilization on the potential of natural materials to be able to suppress the growth rate of bacteria. This research is an experiment with an analytical laboratory quantitative approach by using a static group comparison experimental research design. This study conduct the experiments on potential natural ingredients from several concentrations of extracting garlic (Allium sativum) toward the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes. This test was carried out by observing the results research on antibacterial activity inside garlic (Allium sativum) using fermentation of tempe mushrooms and non-fermented garlic towards Propionibacterium acnes bacteria. The results indicated that there was an effect related to the average diameter of the formed inhibited zone.
Relationship of diatom phytoplankton (Bacillariophyceae) diversity with water quality and heavy metal in Angke and Grogol Rivers, Jakarta City
Authors: Sukma Ayu Maulida , Takarina Noverita Dian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractJakarta City is passing by 2 rivers, they are Angke and Grogol Rivers. These rivers are a source of phytoplankton including diatom Bacillariophyceae. Whereas recently, those rivers have received heavy metal inputs that may affect the water quality and also the diatom diversity. Then this study aims to assess the relationship of diatom phytoplankton belonging to Bacillariophyceae diversity with water quality and heavy metal in Angke and Grogol Rivers, Jakarta City. The diversity was quantified using the Shannon-Wiener index (H’) and the relationships were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results show the diversity of diatoms in both rivers were significantly different (P < 0.05) with the diatom diversity in Grogol (H’ = 1.175) being higher than in Angke (H’ = 0.8175). Mean heavy metal values in Grogol River were recorded higher (P < 0.05) than in Angke as observed in Cu (0.61 mg/L) and Pb. According to the PCA results, water turbidity along with Zn and Cu were the limiting factors for the diversity of diatom Bacillariophyceae.
A Detection Technique Using Dual Authentication Stages Framework for Rogue Access Point Identification
Authors: Arisandia Diki , Ahmad Nazrul Muhaimin , Kannan Subarmaniam 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Wi-Fi hotspot or Access point indicates many threats that lead to compromise a user’s identity, personal data, and network integrity. Therefore, this will uncover the users to the adversaries who deploy Rogue Access Point (RAP) by purpose to pilfer sensitive information. Hence, the adversaries can exchange the communication anonymously or mimic it as a client to pose a threat to public safety. The research aims to propose a new approach based on the beacon frame anomaly to detect the threats of RAP in the Wi-Fi hotspot. This research uses dual-pass identification steps to detect the RAP to identify the anomalies between the first and second responses. First, the identification will check the AP legitimacy to uncover the true identity of an AP. Second, the connection type of RAP is necessary to identify once the AP is determined as a rogue. The five (5) features have been selected in this research: the beacon response, OUI Number, address 1-4, retry bit, and IBSS status. The combination of all the features was 100% successfully detected the presence of RAP and identify its connection source.
Validation of CHIRPS Estimation Rainfall Data Using Numerical Accuracy Test with Precitipation Observation Data
Authors: Saragih Naikson Fendier , Sitepu Surianto , Simanungkalit Geraldi Titus , Sinambela Marzuki , Rajagukguk Edward , Larosa Frati Gratianus , Jaya Indra Kelana 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Rainfall is the dominant and most studied weather and climate factor in Indonesia. The use of global satellite estimation data is a solution to overcome the constraints of limited observational rainfall data. Although the global data can be extracted according to the desired location, the data still has to be validated with observational data. This study was conducted to validate the CHIRPS rainfall estimation data with observation rainfall data at the Central MKG Region I Medan. Estimation data used is CHIRPS daily estimation data version 2.0 with a spatial resolution of 0.05°, and validator data is daily observation data of Central MKG Region I Medan for the period 2017- 2019. Validation was done by calculating Pearson correlation, accuracy, bias, mean error (ME), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square error (RMSE) values, and using simple linear regression to see overestimated or underestimated estimation data on observation data. Results of this study indicated that the CHIRPS data has a low correlation with the observation data. Large MAE and RMSE values of CHIRPS indicated that the average error of CHIRPS is quite large. Estimation of CHIRPS was underestimated to the observation data so that it is not suitable for daily rainfall forecasting in Medan City. High accuracy value of CHIRPS indicated that CHIRPS was able to detect rain events based on a threshold of 1 mm.
Elemental composition of the oligotrophic peat soils in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District (Western Siberia)
Authors: Sokolov D A , Ivanova I S , Siromlya T I , Soldatova E A , Kolubaeva Yu V 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The research aimed to evaluate the specifics of the elemental composition of oligotrophic peat soils (Cryic Histosols) in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous district. The content of 32 chemical elements was analyzed in the soil samples using CHN Elemental Analyzer and the atomic emission method. The soil density, ash and organic carbon content were measured along with elemental composition. The ratio of TC/TN (total carbon to total nitrogen) and the degree of pedogenic maturity (degree of organic matter intramolecular oxidation) were calculated. The research shows that the elemental composition of the oligotrophic peat soils of flat-mound frost bogs in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District varies widely, and it is closely connected with organic matter features. The content of Ca, Cd, Pb, and Zn correlates negatively (ρ are from -0.71 to -0.63) with the total carbon content. Accordingly, the same elements interconnect with the degree of pedogenic maturity (ρ are from 0.66 to 0.74). Still, there is no dependency between the organic carbon content and the elemental composition of the peat soils. The following factors may result in this: residual eutrophication; the release of elements trace from permafrost sediments and their involvement in local hydrogeochemical fluxes; local geochemical features (for example, the proximity of the Polar Urals).
Algae and cyanoprokaryotes in raised swamps of KMAO – Yugra, Russia
Authors: Skorobogatova O N , Semochkina M A , Yumagulova E R 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper reports a 2015-2019 study of freshwater algae found in seven typical sphagnum bogs in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra, Russia. The algocenoses were studied using conventional methods of algology. Microscopes Nikon ECLIPSE E200 and OLYMPUS SX4 were used. The identified species are named considering the recent changes in the global algal database AlgaeBase. The chemical composition of the swamp mass is presented. In total, 459 algae and cyanobacteria were identified in conditions of low salinity (40–70 mg/L), acidified waters (pH 2.4–5.4) and a wide temperature range (2–31 °C). The analysis of the algae composition was performed.Species-rich classes, families and genera, and species-poor taxa were found. The eco-geographical and saprobiological analyses were performed. A very low similarity of algal floras in individual swamps was revealed during assessment of the algal floras using the Chekanovsky-Sorensen similarity index.
Main ecological-geographical factors of mire vegetation syntaxa differentiation in Southern Urals
Authors: Ivchenko T G , Znamenskiy S R 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Using gradient analysis and indicator values, it was revealed that the main factors of syntaxa differentiation of mire communities in the South Ural region are acidity and mineral composition of mire-ground waters, variability of habitat moisture and thermo-climatic factors. To a lesser extent, the ordination of mire vegetation syntaxa depends on the general moisture of the habitats and the light factor. The identified nine groups of syntaxa are ordered in the axes of the main ecological factors and are characterized by formations of indicator species. They have clear differences in floristic composition and reflect the specific ecological conditions of mire habitats.
Nutrients in streams draining the different types of wetlands in Western Siberian Plain
Authors: Tokareva I V , Korets M A , Prokushkin A S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Two second order streams were compared to test the influence of peatbog type (minerotrophic vs. oligotrophic) on dissolved nutrient composition and dynamics during several hydrologic years. A significant spatio-temporal variation in the concentration of nutrients in the channel runoff is shown. It depends on the catchment characteristics and the hydrological period of the year. In general, the concentrations of phosphates, nitrates and nitrites are lower in the stream draining an area dominated by a minerotrophic bog that indicates nutrients removal by more intense microbiological activity. This is also confirmed by the greater amount of ammonium nitrogen present in the streamflow. In the annual runoff of both streams, the ammonium form dominates dissolved inorganic nitrogen. The minimum concentration of phosphates is observed in winter, and ammonium in the spring flood. In the territory with a predominance of minerotrophic bogs the stream runoff is enriched in calcium, magnesium and silicon indicating specific major cation-rich groundwater input.
On distribution, ecology and conservation of rare moss Tomentypnum nitens (Hedw.) Loeske in Republic of Bashkortostan (Southern Urals region)
Authors: Baisheva E Z 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The distribution of rare moss Tomentypnum nitens in the Republic of Bashkortostan has been studied. 13 subpopulations have been found in the minerotrophic mires, and only six of them occur within special nature protected areas. The distribution map of the species and the precise locality data are provided. The conservation status of this species is assessed as Near Threatened in the republic, and it should be included into the next edition of the regional Red Data book.
Soil carbon and nitrogen stocks in polygonal-fissure mires of southern tundra in Western Siberia
Authors: Golubyatnikov L L , Zarov E A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Based on the experimental data, soil carbon and nitrogen stocks are estimated in polygonal-fissure mires of southern tundra in the north-eastern part of Western Siberia. The field experiments were carried out in 2014-2017 at the site located in tundra zone of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District. Active soil layer (seasonally thaw) and upper frozen layer are investigated. The seasonally thaw layer of tundra soils has been subdivided into two horizons: active upper layer (down to 15 cm depth) and active lower layer (from 15 cm down to the permafrost). Our research has shown that the values of organic carbon and total nitrogen storages in mires under study can be estimated as 14.1±3.6 kgC/m2 and 0.4±0.1 kgN/m2 for the active soil layer and 12.9±2.8 kgC/m2 and 0.5±0.1 kgN/m2 for the upper frozen layer. Organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks for the active soil layer and upper frozen layer in polygonal-fissure mires are evaluated as 172.0±29.1 ktC and 5.4±1.2 ktN.
Species composition of the bryophytes in mires of Big Shantar Island (National Park «Shantarskie ostrova»)
Authors: Kuptsova V A , Chakov V V 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The article presents the results investigating the species composition of the bryophytes based on field research of mire ecosystems of the Big Shantar Island. This study found a total of 75 bryophyte species, including 60 species of which belong to mosses and 15 species of liverworts. The most species-rich family of bryophytes of the National Park, Sphagnaceae includes 22 species. The sections Cuspidata comprises 8 species and Acutifolia – 8 species. Calliergonaceae (7 species) is the most represented family of the Bryopsida (38 species), and Scapaniaceae (5 species) and Cephaloziaceae (4 species) are the largest taxa of liverworts. The distribution of the identified species is considered in relation to the sites of mires.
Generation of all-fiber ultrafast pulses at 2 μm by soliton self-frequency shift in highly nonlinear silica fiber
Authors: Marqués-García Jorge , Jarabo Sebastián 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
An efficient and straightforward method to obtain all-fiber pulsed sources at 2 μm is presented and experimentally demonstrated. It is based on the soliton self-frequency shift effect in a highly nonlinear fiber. The output power of a supercontinuum source is previously increased by an optimized homemade thulium-doped fiber amplifier. By coupling the amplified output power in a highly nonlinear fiber, the spectrum is shifted toward 130 nm and the spectral peak is located at 2014 nm. The power conversion factor reaches values as high as 0.93, without employing additional amplifiers. The mean spectral power of the 2 μm source reaches −4.6 dBm nm−1 (0.35 mW nm−1), its output power is 38 mW and the peak power of each pulse is higher than 27 kW.