bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peter Riismøller
Authors: Ingen Ingen 
Published: February 2022

Peter Riismøller65 years Immediately after leaving University in 1936, where he had studied history and Danish, Peter Riismøller was appointed to a newly established post at the Aalborg Historical Museum, where he has worked ever since, from 1960 as director.He was born on 14th March 1905 in Skørping in Himmerland, and it was in Himmerland and Aalborg that he subsequently operated. He was thus well equipped to tackle the many problems facing a museum which covers the period from the first settlement of hunters in the district, to modern times, and interval of ten thousand years.As a student, Riismøller worked for a couple of years at the National Museum, among other things on the exhibition of the prehistoric collection in the new museum, but also in the field, at the excavation of the Ladby ship. He had by then gained his first experiences of excavation at the Stone Age village of Troldebjerg, under Johannes Brøndsted, who was both keeper of the prehistoric collections at the National Museum and his teacher at the University. For Brøndsted, Riismøller wrote special papers on the Iron Age gold bracteates, and his extensive knowledge of, for example, mythology and place names were of great value to him and his fellow students.Brøndsted played an important role in the establishment of the new museum post at Aalborg, and Riismøller considered himself Brøndsted’s loyal follower in northern Jutland. Riismøller’s achievement there were numerous, comprising all periods. He was, in particular, a pioneer among urban archaeologists, playing a large part in the investigations into early Aalborg, on which he has written excellent papers -his annual New Year’s greeting to friends and colleagues all over Scandinavia. His always exceptionally well-written papers, many of which are already rarities of our topographical literature, extend from “Fra Svendekro til Lavshus”, 1940 to “Sultegrænsen”, 1968. His opus “Danske Glas, 1825-1925”, has more than doubled the price of our antique glass. Following up this fundamental study, Riismøller has successfully excavated ancient glass works in Jutland.Peter Riismøller started his pioneer work at Aalborg Historical Museum alone, enormously increasing the collection and quickly collecting a group of able collaborators. The Museum is soon to be handed over to a successor, but then he will be able to devote all his time to publication of the extensive cultural material he has collected during a lifetime.
Et bor fra Skandinavien-udgravningen
Authors: Nielsen Hans Lange 
Published: February 2022

Ein Bohrer von der Skandinavien-Ausgrabung Während mit der Konservierung einiger Metallgegenstände von der Ausgrabung unter dem früheren Hotel Skandinavien in Aarhus gearbeitet wurde, bat man mich, einen Bohrer (Fund Nr. 1393 EVO) aus dem Mittelalter daraufhin zu untersuchen, ob er durch Einsetzen oder Aufschweißen einer gehärteten Schneidefläche gehärtet worden war.Man spricht von Einsetzen, wenn der Gegenstand an der Oberfläche Kohlenstoff absorbiert, indem er in weißglühendem Zustand in nahe Berührung mit z. B. Holzkohle gebracht wird. Danach findet eine gewöhnliche Warmhärtung statt.Das andere Verfahren, bei dem die Schneidefläche angeschweißt wird, löst man, indem ein kohlenstoffreiches mit einem kohlenstoffarmen Stück Eisen zusammengeschweißt wird, wonach der ganze Gegenstand einem Härteprozess durchmacht.Der Bohrer war 50 mm lang, 8 mm im Durchschnitt und hohlgeschliffen wie ein Holzschuheisen. Mit dem bloßen Auge konnte man, wenn man die Kontur des Bohrers betrachtete, eine schwache Linie erkennen, die in einem Abstand von 2 mm von der Schneide verlief (Abb. 1).Der Bohrer wurde 8 mm hinter der Schneide (Schnitt ab) durchgesägt. Das abgesägte Ende wurde danach in Plexiglas eingegossen und der Querschnitt poliert. Schon vor der Ätzung konnte unter dem Mikroskop ein Schweißsaum beobachtet werden. Die technische Frage war damit beantwortet, um aber die eigentliche Schweißtechnik näher zu beleuchten, wurde die Untersuchu.ng fortgesetzt.Eine Ätzung bestätigte den Eindruck, daß der Schweißsaum den gleichen runden Verlauf nahm wie der Hohlschliff des Bohrers (Abb. 2). Das Stahlstück, das die Schneide ausmacht, zeigte eine feinkörnige Struktur; das angeschweißte Eisenstück ist reines Ferrit mit ganz wenigen Schlackenvorkommen (Abb. 3). Hans Lange
The Chincoteague Ponies and What It Means To Be Free
Authors: Flower Alexis 
Published: February 2022

The Chincoteague pony swim is a cherished tradition in Chincoteague, Virginia, where noble saltwater cowboys round up wild horses to be sold at auction the next day. The island thrives off this event’s economic impact, which is amplified through Marguerite Henry’s series “Misty of Chincoteague”, allowing the pony’s fame to reach all corners of the world. The tradition is rooted in Chincoteague culture, but several different ethical aspects come into question after critical consideration. The islander’s economic dependence and pride in the ponies and yearly round up act as a disguise for these ethical quandaries, through the practice of modern myth making. This paper explores concepts of breed, the state of being wild vs. free, language surrounding horses, and hidden symbols within the swims organization to uncover the covert way in which Chincoteague culture upholds colonial values.
Beyond the Fairy Tale of The Shape of Water. Reimagining the Creature
Authors: Lankauskaitė Viktorija 
Published: February 2022

Guillermo del Toro’s “Shape of Water” (2017) has gained praise both from critics and audiences for its themes and storyline. In particular, a lot of creative and thematic weight is carried by the creature in the film – the Amphibian Man. As a character, it fits into the recent trend of morally positive and emotionally impactful monster representations, helping, among other things, to address the themes of acceptance and embracing of otherness. The aim of this paper is to explore the construction and portrayal of the Amphibian Man, and to take a closer look at the director’s approach towards reimagination of the creature in today’s landscape of cinema. The paper delves into del Toro’s work to define him as auteur, reflects on the traditions and changes in creature cinema, and examines the portrayal of the creature in terms of language, sound, and image.
Identification and expression profiles of the YABBY transcription factors in wheat
Authors: Hao Lidong , Zhang Jinshan , Shi Shubing , Li Peng , Li Dandan , Zhang Tianjiao , Guo Haibin 
Published: February 2022

Background
YABBY is a plant-specific transcription factor (TF) that belongs to the zinc finger protein superfamily and is composed of a C2–C2 domain at the N-terminus and a YABBY domain at the C-terminus. It plays a role in plant development and growth.

Methods
In this study, 20 YABBY TFs were identified in the wheat genome. Phylogenetic relationships, collinearity relationships, gene structures, conserved motifs, and expression patterns were analyzed.

Results
Twenty TaYABBY TFs were distributed unevenly on 15 chromosomes. Collinearity analysis showed that these genes have a close relationship with monocot plants. The phylogenetic tree of wheat YABBYs classified these TaYABBYs into FIL, YAB2, INO, and CRC clades. Gene structure and conserved motif analyses showed that they share similar components in the same clades. Expression profile analysis showed that many TaYABBY genes have high expression levels in leaf tissues and are regulated by abiotic stresses, especially salt stress. Our results provide a basis for further functional characterization of the YABBY gene family.
Update of recent clinical trials in heart failure and myocardial infarction
Authors: Richardson Mark , Cockburn Neil , Cleland John G.F. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBackground:There are currently many on‐going clinical trials assessing therapies for the treatment of patients with heart failure.Aims:The purpose of this series of papers is to present concise summaries of current randomised trials in the field of heart failure and myocardial infarction (MI).Methods:Data from large double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trials, which are on‐going or have only recently been published, are given in a format allowing easy comparison. Where appropriate, data from smaller studies are included.Results:Major studies which are examined in this issue include CIBIS II, MERIT‐HF, RESOLVD, SPICE, VEST, MACH‐1, ATLAS, RALES, CIDS and CASH. These trials assess the efficacy and safety of beta‐blocker, angiotensin‐II‐receptor blocker, positive inotropic agent, calcium antagonist, angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, aldosterone receptor blocker, and antiarrhythmic interventions in the treatment of heart failure.Conclusions:The presentation of data from these on‐going trials should allow an up‐to‐date assessment, by physicians, of the most appropriate and effective treatment for patients with heart failure. It is evident that some therapies may play no further role in the treatment of heart failure, due to the increased risk of mortality associated with their administration, whilst others may convey significant benefits.
Influence of Aeration on Cytoplasmic pH of Yeast in an NMR Airlift Bioreactor
Authors: Melvin Brenda K. , Shanks Jacqueline V. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractNuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been increasingly pursued as a tool for noninvasive, real‐time studies of metabolic processes of cell suspensions in bioreactors. One acute challenge in NMR bioreactor design has been supplying enough oxygen for cell respiration in a suspension that contains sufficient cells for NMR signal detection. The use of cytoplasmic pH as an intracellular marker of adequate oxygenation was evaluated from 31P NMR spectra of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae at several cell densities, ranging from low (0.9% (v/v)) to very high (45% (v/v)) cell densities, in an airlift bioreactor. 31P NMR spectra were obtained for derepressed yeast cells prior to, and during, glycolysis under nongrowth conditions. During endogenous respiration, pHcyt can be used as an intracellular marker for aeration for cell densities up to 18% (v/v) based on two criteria: a value of pHcyt at least 0.2 pH units higher under aerobic than anaerobic conditions and an absolute pHcyt value of 7.1−7.2. These results were more conservative than values of the maximum cell density obtained from calculations using kLa and respiration rate estimates and highlight the utility of intracellular measurements in conjunction with engineering design calculations. During glycolysis, pHcyt values were similar under aerobic and anaerobic conditions and hence pHcyt cannot be used as a marker under these conditions. Carbon dioxide in the influent gas was observed to aid cells in maintaining physiological pHcyt at high cell densities.
Nasogastric feeding enhances nutritional status in paediatric liver disease but does not alter circulating levels of IGF‐I and IGF binding proteins
Authors: Holt Richard , Miell John , Jones Jennifer , Mieli‐Vergani Giorgina , Baker Alastair 
Published: July 2002

OBJECTIVEComplications of childhood cirrhosis include abnormal growth and malnutrition, associated with abnormalities in circulating IGFs and IGFBPs. Controlled studies suggest that intensive enteral feeding enhances nutritional status. The aim was to ascertain whether nasogastric feeding improves nutritional status in clinical practice and to assess the effect of feeding on serum IGF‐I and IGFBPs.PATIENTSThirty‐three children (median age 0.6 years) with biliary atresia and failure to thrive who were treated with nasogastric feeding.MEASUREMENTSHeight, weight and triceps skin fold thickness were measured prior to feeding and regularly for 1 year or until feeding was stopped. Serum IGF‐I and IGFBPs were measured by immunoassay at the same intervals.RESULTSThe median duration of feeding was 3.7 months. Twenty‐two stopped feeding after liver transplantation, while 10 stopped electively and 1 boy died. Before feeding, the children were losing weight and height centile. Triceps skin fold thickness, weight and height sd scores improved with feeding. Baseline serum IGF‐I and IGFBP‐3 were low, while IGFBP‐1 and IGFBP‐2 were raised. IGF‐I and IGFBP‐1 did not change with feeding. IGFBP‐2 fell and reached a nadir by 3 months, while IGFBP‐3 rose temporarily for 4–6 weeks.CONCLUSIONSNasogastric feeding improves body composition in paediatric liver disease but circulating IGF‐I and IGFBPs remain abnormal and do not play a major role in mediating these changes. This does not exclude a paracrine or autocrine effect of IGF‐I.
Infant care practices in a metropolitan Aboriginal population
Authors: Eades SJ , Read AW , Team the Bibbulung Gnarneep 
Published: July 2002

Objective:To describe sleeping position, room and bed‐sharing, tobacco smoke exposure and infant feeding for a sample of Australian Aboriginal infants from a metropolitan area.Methods:Interviews with Aboriginal mothers who resided in the Perth metropolitan area and had given birth during a continuous15‐month study period. The interviews took place when the infants were approximately 6–12 weeks old and efforts were made to contact all eligible mothers. Results are presented as proportions with 95% confidence intervals.Results:Of all the eligible mothers (n= 515), 87% were contacted and 53% (n= 273) completed the interview. Of all the infants, 11% slept prone, 96% shared a room and 68% shared a bed; 65% of mothers smoked during pregnancy and 65% were smokers at the time of interview; 66% of the partners were smokers and 80% of the infants were regularly exposed to tobacco smoke; 89% of mothers initiated breast‐feeding and 70% were breast‐feeding at time of interview.Conclusion:Prevalences of non‐prone sleeping and breast‐feeding are similar to the overall Western Australian population, whilst tobacco smoke exposure of the infants is markedly higher. Programs of community and family education and support are required urgently to decrease this exposure.
Incidence and risk factors of severe hypertriglyceridaemia in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: the Aquitaine Cohort, France, 1996–99
Authors: Thiébaut R , Dequae‐Merchadou L , Ekouevi DK , Mercié P , Malvy D , Neau D , Dabis F , The Groupe d'Epidémiologie Cliniquedu Sida en Aquitaine (gec  
Published: July 2002

1
Unité INSERM 330, Institut de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED), Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux and

2
Centre d'Information et de Soins de l'Immunodéficience Humaine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, France Objective  To estimate the incidence of serum hypertriglyceridaemia > 6 mm/L (HTG) and identify associated factors in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).Methods  A prospective cohort, multirisk, both genders, of HIV‐infected patients was treated with several patterns of antiretrovirals. Cox's model was used to estimate the effect of explanatory variables documented at the first normal triglyceride measurement (< 2 mm/L) on the subsequent occurrence of HTG.Results  Among 925 patients (27% treated with a protease inhibitor (PI) containing regimen and 48% treated with other HAART combinations) followed 25 months in median with a median triglyceridaemia of 1.1 mm/L at baseline, 70 experienced an HTG, 4.2 cases per 100 person years[95% confidence interval (CI)=2,2,3,3–5]. Univariate analysis retained the following as risk factors of HTG: male gender, homosexual transmission group, greater age, higher body weight, AIDS stage, ≥ 2 antiretrovirals including PI, higher triglyceride level and lower CD4+ cell count at baseline. In multivariate analysis, the risk of HTG remained associated with being male homosexual [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.68, P = 0.04], at the AIDS stage (HR = 1.84, P = 0.03), with increased triglyceride level (HR = 2.82 for 1 mm/L higher at baseline, P < 10−3), impaired CD4+ cell count (HR = 1.2 for 100 cells/μL lower, P = 0.02) and increased body weight (HR = 1.3 for 10 kg higher, P = 0.02).Conclusions  Baseline triglyceride level and being overweight are risk factors of HTG, together with advanced HIV disease, but the contribution of HAART is not demonstrated.
Heroin‐Related Deaths in Sydney, Australia. How Common Are They?
Authors: Garrick Therese M. , Sheedy Donna , Abernethy John , Hodda Allan E. , Harper Clive G. 
Published: July 2002

The objective of this article was to determine the number of recent deaths caused by accidental illicit drug overdoses seen at the NSW Institute of Forensic Medicine, Glebe (Sydney). All Forensic cases (3559) were reviewed during the period July 1995‐February 1997. Any that were classified as accidental illicit drug overdose were followed up, and demographic and toxicological data were collected for analysis. Our results found that one hundred and forty three accidental illicit drug overdoses were identified from 3359 autopsies during the 20 month data collection period (4%). Male to female ratio was 5:1, but females predominated in the methadone toxicity group. Most of the cases were under 40 years of age. Toxicological results showed that 80% of the deaths were associated with morphine (heroin) levels in the toxic range, although 91% had morphine present at some level. Only 35% of cases had significant levels of bile morphine, suggesting “chronic” usage. In many cases, multiple illicit substances and/or alcohol were thought to be important contributing factors. Cocaine was found in 13% of cases, and all of these had morphine (heroin) in their blood. Methadone was found in 13% of cases, and 13/19 had toxic levels—9/19 also had morphine in their blood. Only two cases had amphetamines or methamphetamines in their blood.The authors conclude that Heroin overdose is by far the most common cause of accidental illicit drug overdose. Those at greatest risk are naive users and those who are not tolerant. There is an urgent need for increased awareness and further education concerning the dangers of heroin use, particularly of multiple drug use (including alcohol). Only about one‐third of these cases appear to be “chronic” users.
Period of the power generator and small values of Carmichael’s function
Authors: Friedlander John , Pomerance Carl , Shparlinski Igor 
Published: July 2002

Consider the pseudorandom number generatorun≡un−1e(modm),0≤un≤m−1,n=1,2,…,\begin{equation*} u_n\equiv u_{n-1}^e\pmod {m},\quad 0\le u_n\le m-1,\quad n=1,2,\ldots , \end{equation*}where we are given the modulusmm, the initial valueu0=ϑu_0=\varthetaand the exponentee. One case of particular interest is when the modulusmmis of the formplpl, wherep,lp,lare different primes of the same magnitude. It is known from work of the first and third authors that for modulim=plm=pl, if the period of the sequence(un)(u_n)exceedsm3/4+εm^{3/4+\varepsilon }, then the sequence is uniformly distributed. We show rigorously that for almost all choices ofp,lp,lit is the case that for almost all choices ofϑ,e\vartheta ,e, the period of the power generator exceeds(pl)1−ε(pl)^{1-\varepsilon }. And so, in this case, the power generator is uniformly distributed. We also give some other cryptographic applications, namely, to ruling-out the cycling attack on the RSA cryptosystem and to so-called time-release crypto. The principal tool is an estimate related to the Carmichael functionλ(m)\lambda (m), the size of the largest cyclic subgroup of the multiplicative group of residues modulomm. In particular, we show that for anyΔ≥(log⁡log⁡N)3\Delta \ge (\log \log N)^3, we haveλ(m)≥Nexp⁡(−Δ)\lambda (m)\ge N\exp (-\Delta )for all integersmmwith1≤m≤N1\le m\le N, apart from at mostNexp⁡(−0.69(Δlog⁡Δ)1/3)N\exp \left (-0.69\left (\Delta \log \Delta \right )^{1/3}\right )exceptions.
Computing canonical heights with little (or no) factorization
Authors: Silverman Joseph 
Published: July 2002

Let

E

/

Q

E/ \mathbb {Q}

be an elliptic curve with discriminant

Δ
\Delta

, and let

P
∈
E
(

Q

)

P\in E( \mathbb {Q})

. The standard method for computing the canonical height

h
^

(
P
)

\hat h(P)

is as a sum of local heights

h
^

(
P
)
=

λ
^

∞

(
P
)
+

∑

p

λ
^

p

(
P
)

\hat h (P)= \hat \lambda _{\infty }(P)+\sum _{p} \hat \lambda _{p}(P)

. There are well-known series for computing the archimedean height

λ
^

∞

(
P
)

\hat \lambda _{\infty }(P)

, and the non-archimedean heights

λ
^

p

(
P
)

\hat \lambda _{p}(P)

are easily computed as soon as all prime factors of

Δ
\Delta

have been determined. However, for curves with large coefficients it may be difficult or impossible to factor

Δ
\Delta

. In this note we give a method for computing the non-archimedean contribution to

h
^

(
P
)

\hat h (P)

which is quite practical and requires little or no factorization. We also give some numerical examples illustrating the algorithm.
On the number of zero-patterns of a sequence of polynomials
Authors: Rónyai Lajos , Babai László , Ganapathy Murali 
Published: July 2002

Letf=(f1,…,fm)\mathbf {f} =(f_1,\dots ,f_m)be a sequence of polynomials of degree≤d\le dinnnvariables(m≥n)(m\ge n)over a fieldFF. Thezero-patternoff\mathbf {f}atu∈Fnu\in F^nis the set of thoseii(1≤i≤m1\le i\le m) for whichfi(u)=0f_i(u)=0. LetZF(f)Z_F(\mathbf {f})denote the number of zero-patterns off\mathbf {f}asuuranges overFnF^n. We prove thatZF(f)≤∑j=0n(mj)Z_F(\mathbf {f}) \le \sum _{j=0}^n \binom {m}{j}ford=1d=1and(∗)ZF(f)≤(mdn)\begin{equation*} Z_F(\mathbf {f})\le \binom {md}{n}\tag {$*$} \end{equation*}ford≥2d\ge 2. Form≥ndm\ge nd, these bounds are optimal within a factor of(7.25)n(7.25)^n. The bound (∗*) improves the bound(1+md)n(1+md)^nproved by J. Heintz (1983) using the dimension theory of affine varieties. Over the field of real numbers, bounds stronger than Heintz’s but slightly weaker than (∗*) follow from results of J. Milnor (1964), H. E. Warren (1968), and others; their proofs use techniques from real algebraic geometry. In contrast, our half-page proof is a simple application of the elementary “linear algebra bound”. Heintz applied his bound to estimate the complexity of his quantifier elimination algorithm for algebraically closed fields. We give several additional applications. The first two establish the existence of certain combinatorial objects. Our first application, motivated by the “branching program” model in the theory of computing, asserts that over any fieldFF, most graphs withvvvertices haveprojective dimensionΩ(v/log⁡v)\Omega (\sqrt {v/\log v})(the implied constant is absolute). This result was previously known over the reals (Pudlák–Rödl). The second application concerns a lower bound in thespan programmodel for computing Boolean functions. The third application, motivated by a paper by N. Alon, gives nearly tightRamsey boundsfor matrices whose entries are defined by zero-patterns of a sequence of polynomials. We conclude the paper with a number of open problems.