bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mulch and Planting Depth Affect Live Oak (Quercus virginianaMill.) Establishment
Authors: Gilman Edward F. , Grabosky Jason 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study was designed to evaluate the impact of several planting depths and mulch depth, particle size, and placement on tree establishment. Except for one period 2 weeks after transplanting, mulch depth and mulch particle size did not affect first-year stress (stem xylem potential) or growth of 76 mm (3 in.) caliper, balled-and-burlapped, transplanted live oak (Quercus virginianaMill.). Negative effects of deep [15 mm (6 in.)] mulch 2 weeks after transplanting occurred for the mixed particle–sized material only. Mulch placed over the root ball intercepted water, causing a drier root ball and resulting in greater tree stress and reduced survival following light applications of water than for trees with no mulch over the root ball. This result did not occur following heavy applications of water. Keeping the ground near trees free of vegetation chemically had the same effect on post-planting stress and growth as mulching did. Soil over the root ball resulting from deep planting intercepted water, resulting in more tree stress and greater likelihood of tree death in the first 4 weeks after planting. However, trees planted deeply were less stressed 3 months after planting. No root ball settlement occurred in the first 6 months after planting container-grown trees.
COOPERATIVISMO E CREDITO RURAL DA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR COMO FOMENTO AO DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL: ESTUDO EM UMA COOPERATIVA DE INTERAÇÃO SOLIDÁRIA / Cooperativism and rural credit of family agriculture as a promotion to sustainable development: study in a solidary interaction cooperative
Authors: Büttenbender Pedro Luís , Berkmann Bruno Alexandre , Sparemberger Ariosto 
Published: February 2022

Este estudo, orientado a partir da Agenda 2030 da ONU, teve por objetivo mensurar a participação da cooperativa de crédito de interação solidária na operacionalização de recursos do PRONAF, contratados por agricultores familiares do Município de São Martinho/RS, no período de 2015 a 2019. A pesquisa foi exploratória, descritiva, de campo e estudo de caso teve uma abordagem quali-quantitativa. Os dados secundários com base em dados bibliográficos e documentais, e primários com dados da cooperativa, entrevistas com lideranças e observação direta. Com uma destacada presença de cooperativas, o município possui sua principal base econômica e social relacionada a agricultura familiar. O crédito rural para agricultura familiar joga um papel decisivo no estímulo à produção, geração de trabalho e renda, inclusão e promoção do desenvolvimento sustentável. Com crescente participação cooperativa, é possível entender melhor a importância do crédito, a qualificação das políticas públicas e a importância das ações cooperativas.ABSTRACT: This study, based on the UN 2030 Agenda, aimed to measure the participation of the credit cooperative’s solidary interaction in the operationalization of PRONAF resources, hired by family farming in the municipality of São Martinho/RS, in Brazil, in the period from 2015 to 2019. The research can be characterized as exploratory, descriptive, field and case study, conducted over a qualitative and quantitative approach. Secondary data was based on bibliographic and documentary data, and primary data was collected from the cooperative through interviews with leaders and direct observation. With a prominent presence of cooperatives, the municipality has its main economic and social base related to family farming. Rural credit for family farming plays a decisive role in stimulating production, generating jobs and income, including and promoting sustainable development. With the increase of cooperative participation, it is possible to better understand the importance of credit, the qualification of public policies and the importance of cooperative actions.
TEOLOGI “PUASA” DALAM PERSPEKTIF KESEHATAN, PSIKOLOGIS DAN SPIRITUAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS MANUSIA HIDUP
Authors: Harianto GP 
Published: February 2022

Fasting is not for pleasure, intoxication, fattening the body or beautifying oneself, but eliminating feelings of hunger so that they can live in peace. The question that arises is: What is Fasting in Health Growth? What is Fasting Psychologically? What is Fasting Spiritually? How can Theology of Fasting in Health, Psychological and Spiritual Perspectives Improve the Basic Quality of Human Life? This research method uses qualitative through literature study with content analysis approach. The results of the study: (1) Fasting in health means that a person trains himself to have an awareness of increasing his body to be healthy and away from all diseases. (2) Fasting psychologically means that a person trains himself to be able to control himself from all matters or situations encountered so that he has a wise reaction in making all decisions. (3) Fasting spiritually means a person trains himself to live more focused only on Allah. He had constant encounter with God by fasting, praying, and reading the Bible. (4) Theology of Fasting forms holistic thinking about the fasting paradigm from a health, psychological and spiritual perspective into a single entity that cannot be separated. Health, psychology and spiritual growth are the meaning of fasting theology: success on earth and success in heaven.Puasa bukan bukan untuk kesenangan, memabukkan, menggemukkan badan atau memperindah diri, tetapi menghilangkan perasaan lapar sehingga dapat hidup dengan tentram. Persoalan yang muncul adalah: Apakah Puasa secara Pertumbuhan Kesehatan? Apakah Puasa secara Psikologis? Apakah Puasa secara Spiritual? Bagaimanakah Teologi “Puasa” dalam Perspektif Kesehatan, Psikologis dan Spiritual dapat Meningkatkan Kualitas Dasar Manusia Hidup? Metode penelitian in menggunakan kualitatif melalui studi pustaka dengan pendekatan analisis isi. Hasil penelitian: (1) Puasa secara kesehatan berarti seseorang melatih diri sendiri untuk mempunyai kesadaran meningkatkan tubuhnya menjadi sehat dan jauh dari segala penyakit. (2) Puasa secara psikologi berarti seseorang melatih diri sendiri untuk mampu mengotrol diri dari segala perkara atau situasi yang dihadapi sehingga ia mempunyai reaksi yang bijak dalam mengambil segala keputusan. (3) Puasa secara spiritual berarti seseorang melatih diri sendiri semakin hidup fokus hanya kepada Allah. Ia mengadakan perjumpan terus-menerus dengan Allah dengan cara berpuasa, berdoa, dan membaca Alkitab. (4) Teologi “Puasa” membentuk berpikir secara holistik tentang paradigma puasa dalam perspektif kesehatan, psikologis dan spiritual menjadi satu kesatuan yang tidak dapat dipisahkan. Pertumbuhan kesehatan, psikologi dan spiritual adalah makna dari teologi puasa: berhasil di dunia dan berhasil di surga.
STUDI BIOGRAFI KEHIDUPAN DAN PERTOBATAN PAULUS SEBAGAI MODEL PERTOBATAN PELAKU KRIMINALITAS SAAT INI
Authors: Watulingas Fandri 
Published: February 2022

Tingkat kejahatan di dunia ini, takkan ada habisnya hingga kedatangan Tuhan Yesus pada kali yang kedua. Ada banyak tingkat kriminalitas yang terjadi di masyarakat mulai dari penipuan, perampokan, pemerkosaan bahkan sampai pada pembunuhan. Dan terkadang peluku kriminalitas berpikir dengan besarnya kejahatan yang mereka lakukan, Allah tidak akan mengampuni dosa mereka. Pada tulisan ini bertujuan memberikan pemahaman bahwa tidak ada dosa sebesar apapun yang dihadapan Allah yang tidak bisa diampuni apa bila seseorang pelaku kriminalitas bertobat dengan sungguh-sungguh dan percaya kepada Tuhan Yesusu Kristus. Belajar dari Paulus seorang penganiaya jemaat Tuhan, hingga akhirnya ia bertobat dan percaya kepadaYesus dalam perjalanannya di Damsik untuk menangkap setiap orang yang percaya. Setelah pertobatannya tersebut, ia memberikan hidup sepenuhnya hanya untuk melayani Kristus. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah bibliografi dengan mengambil setiap sumber yang ada hubunngan dengan biografi dan pertobatan Paulus dan disusun berdasarkan berdasarkan latar belakang kehidupan hingga pertobatannya. Melalui pengalaman pertobatan Paulus memberikan contoh pada pelaku kriminalitas bahwa tidak ada dosa yang tidak bisa diampuni apabila mereka sungguh-sungguh bertobat dan percaya kepada Yesus Kristus.
Liguowuite, WO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, a new member of the &lt;i&gt;A&lt;/i&gt;-site vacant perovskite type minerals from the Panzhihua–Xichang region, China
Authors: Xue Yuan , Sun Ningyue , He Hongping , Chen Aiqing , Yang Yiping 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. A new member of the non-stoichiometric perovskite group mineral species, liguowuite, ideally WO3, has been found in the Neoproterozoic Sinian biotite-quartz monzonite in the southern part of the Panzhihua–Xichang region (Nanyang village: 26∘46′8.21′′ N, 101∘27′13.86′′ E), China. It is associated with hornblende, pargasite, ferro-hornblende, annite, hydrobiotite, phlogopite, orthoclase, microcline, albite, quartz, kaolinite, ilmenite, goethite, hematite, magnetite, pyrite, zircon, zoisite, titanite, epidote, diopside, tourmaline, almandine, fluorapatite, monazite-(Ce), allanite-(Ce), bastnäsite-(Ce), xenotime-(Y), scheelite, moissanite, tellurite, wumuite, and tewite. Liguowuite occurs as greenish yellow prisms, ranging from 0.05 to 0.1 mm in diameter, and it is transparent with a greasy luster and a white streak. Liguowuite exhibits a triclinic pseudomorphism composed of nanoparticles with many cracks and nanovoids. This mineral is brittle and has a Mohs hardness value of approximately 3–4. The calculated density is 7.22 g cm−3. Electron microprobe analyses gave (average weight percent, wt %, of 15 spot analyses of 4 samples) K2O = 0.01, WO3 = 99.23, TeO2 = 0.03, CaO = 0.06, Na2O = 0.04, and total 99.37, yielding the empirical formula W1.00O3, based on Oapfu=3 and ideally WO3. The strongest five diffraction lines (d Å (I)(hkl)) are 3.8552 (88)(002), 3.7685 (88)(020), 3.6590 (100)(–200), 2.6928 (43)(022), and 2.6258 (60)(202). Liguowuite is monoclinic and is in space group P21/n, with a= 7.32582(18) Å, b= 7.54767(18) Å, c= 7.71128(18) Å, β= 90.678(3)∘, V= 426.348(19) Å3, and Z= 8. The crystal structure data were refined using the Rietveld refinement method and X-ray powder diffraction data. The reliability factors (R factors) were Rwp= 0.0604 and Rp= 0.0454, with χ2 = 1.707. Liguowuite consists of corner-sharing distorted and tilted [WO6] octahedra, in which the W atoms are off-center and form six W–O bonds ranging from 1.7 to 2.2 Å with the surrounding oxygen atoms. According to the hierarchical scheme for perovskite supergroup minerals, liguowuite is the first reported example of A-site vacant single oxide, i.e., a new perovskite subgroup.
PENERAPAN PENERAPAN TEKNIK PSO OVER SAMPLING DAN ADABOOST J48 UNTUK MEMPREDIKSI CACAT SOFTWARE
Authors: Sugiono  , Taufik Andi , Faizal Amir Ricky 
Published: February 2022

Perangkat lunak yang bermutu ditentukan oleh jumlah cacat yang ditemukan pada saat proses pengujian. Proses perbaikan perangkat lunak setelah terdistribusi memiliki resiko yang lebih tinggi. Beberapa metode telah diujikan untuk memprediksi cacat pada perangkat lunak. Secara umum dataset software metrics telah digunakan sebagai acuan. Dataset software metrics bersifat tidak seimbang sehingga berpengaruh terhadap tingkat akurasi pemrediksi cacat perangkat lunak. Pada tahapan pra pemrosesan, digunakan metode Particle Swarm optimization (PSO) untuk mengatasi masalah polusi data serta metode Random Over Sampling (ROS) untuk menangani ketidak seimbangan kelas pada dataset. Metode yang diusulkan pada penelitian ini yaitu algoritma decision tree J48 yang dioptimalkan dengan teknik adaboost. Dataset software metrics yang digunakan pada penelitian ini bersumber pada dataset PROMISE repository. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penggunaan teknik adaboost pada algoritma decision tree J48 layak digunakan sebagai metode untuk memprediksi cacat pada perangkat lunak dengan nilai akurasi mencapai 93,507% dan nilai AUC mencapai 0,935
ANALISIS KEPUASAN PENGGUNA SHOPEEPAYLATER MENGGUNAKAN MODEL DELONE & MCLEAN SEBAGAI MEDIA PENGAJUAN KREDIT ONLINE
Authors: Rismayadi Ali Akbar , Dede Kartika Dewi  , Anshori Iedam Fardian 
Published: February 2022

Industri keuangan tradisional memiliki keterbatasan karena memiliki aturan yang ketat dalam melayani masyarakat di daerah tertentu. Sebagai konsikuensinya masyarakat mencari alternatif pendanaan selain jasa industri tradisional seperti bank, yang lebih transparan dan memiliki layanan keuangan yang efisien serta dapat menjangkau berbagai level. Dengan hadirnya ShopeePayLater diharapkan dapat memudahkan para pengguna yang sedang melakukan transaksi di Shopee. Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk melihat hubungan antara variabel-variabel terhadap kepuasan pengguna ShopeePayLater di Kota Bandung menggunakan model DeLone & McLean. Pada penelitian ini, peneliti hanya menggunakan 5 variabel yaitu, Kualitas Sistem (System Quality), Kualitas Informasi (Information Quality), Kulalitas Layanan (Service Quality), Penggunaan (Use), dan Kepuasan Pengguna (User Satisfaction). Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah pendekatan convinience sampling. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah variabel Kualitas Sistem (System Quality) (X1), Kualitas Informasi (Information Quality) (X2), Penggunaan Pengunaan (Use) (X3), dan Kualitas Layanan (Service Quality) (X4) secara bersama-sama atau simultan berpengaruh terhadap Kepuasan Pengguna (User satisfaction) (Y).
The Restoration Comedy Project: Goals and Challenges
Authors: Prieto-Pablos Juan A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article describes the main goals of the Restoration Comedy Project and its progress from its inception in 1997 to its current condition. By foregrounding the challenges the project team has faced in the definition of the corpus and in the extraction, classification, and analysis of data concerning the comedies of the Restoration period, I seek to explain what has been achieved and what is yet to be achieved. I also compare our response to these challenges with those undertaken by scholars engaged in similar projects, to show that these situations are common even if often silenced in descriptions of database research. Finally, this article serves as a general, contextual introduction to the rest of the articles in this same volume of RECTR, which focus on more particular aspects of the project.
The Diverse Topography of Restoration Comedy
Authors: Mora María José 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The choice of setting is an important element in dramatic works, one that is often aligned with the definition of character or genre. Restoration comedy has traditionally been associated with London settings, particularly with the fashionable new areas of court and town, frequented by the higher classes: St James's Park, the Mulberry Garden, the Mall, or Covent Garden. Such an assumption, however, rests largely on a view of the comic production of Restoration England which used to foreground the work of a small group of canonical playwrights like Etherege, Wycherley, and Congreve. To revise this notion, the kind of quantitative analysis facilitated by the cataloguing work of the Restoration Comedy Project can prove very useful. This article discusses the difficulties faced in the process of determining the scene of the plays and builds on the data already collected for the period 1660–1682 to trace the topography of Restoration comedy. A review of this information yields a more diverse landscape than is usually taken for granted. Only half of the plays are set in London and barely half of those lay scenes in the genteel areas of the town. Moreover, an examination of the Covent Garden comedies shows that, after the Great Fire, this district is not represented as the exclusive preserve of the gentry, but as the home of a substantial number of citizen characters too.
Lady Mary Wortley Montagu Goes Strolling
Authors: Lock Georgina 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
“Lady Mary Wortley Montagu Goes Strolling” reflects on my process of writing, self-directing, and performing a forty-five-minute monologue, Lady in a Veil. The monologue foregrounds the life of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, her writing, and her introduction to Britain of the Turkish way of smallpox inoculation, which she championed from 1721—over seventy years before Jenner's trials with vaccination. In the following reflection, I describe the provenance and rationale of Lady in a Veil, its accidental timeliness during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the choices I made as a writer, an eighteenth-century scholar, a feminist, and a performer of a certain age. I also consider the effect of audiences and audience feedback on the monologue's development, along with the challenges and benefits of transferring a solo show, designed for, and performed in, historic houses and libraries, to Zoom.
Comparative Study of High Temperature Oxidation of Mild Steel in Hydrogen, Sulphur, and Carbon dioxide Atmospheres
Authors: Obot Obotowo W. , Chibuike Chinda Believe 
Published: February 2022

Fabricated materials made from mild steel tend to corrode when exposed to the atmosphere overtime, and often result mostly in the complete failure of materials while in service. This research aimed at establishing the relationship between oxidation of mild steel and temperature; the comparison of oxidation of mild steel at high temperature in different atmospheres, and the calculation of the rate of oxidation of mild steel at elevated temperatures. Mild steel finds application in weldable boiler tubes and in weldable turbines requiring very high temperature for its operation, hence this research was carried out at a maximum temperature of 1000 OC and samples were pre-treated in the different atmospheres for 96 hours intervals for 480 hours. The mild steel samples used in this research were labelled samples 1 and 2 and composed 0.19875 %C and 0.19220 %C, respectively. The atmospheres in which the experiment was carried out included hydrogen, sulphur and carbon dioxide. The result of the experiment showed that the rate of oxidation of mild steel followed parabolic relationship, also the rates were different in the different atmospheres and the highest rate occurred in carbon dioxide.
DWT Based Image Compression for Health Systems
Authors: Sawaneh Ibrahim Abdulai 
Published: February 2022

There are calls for enhancing present healthcare sectors when it comes to handling huge data size of patients’ records. The huge files contain lots of duplicate copies. Therefore, the ideal of compression comes into play. Image data compression removes redundant copies (multiple unnecessary copies) that increase the storage space and transmission bandwidth. Image data compression is pivotal as it helps reduce image file size and speeds up file transmission rate over the internet through multiple wavelet analytics methods without loss in the transmitted medical image data. Therefore this report presents data compression implementation for healthcare systems using a proposed scheme of discrete wavelet transform (DWT), Fourier transform (FT) and Fast Fourier transform with capacity of compressing and recovering medical image data without data loss. Healthcare images such as those of human heart and brain need fast transmission for reliable and efficient result. Using DWT which has optimal reconstruction quality greatly improves compression. A representation of enabling innovations in communication technologies with big data for health monitoring is achievable through effective data compression techniques. Our experimental implementation shows that using Haar wavelet with parametric determination of MSE and PSNR solve our aims. Many imaging techniques were also deployed to further ascertain DWT method’s efficiency such as image compression and image de-noising. The proposed compression of medical image was excellent. It is essential to reduce the size of data sets by employing compression procedures to shrink storage space, reduce transmission rate, and limit massive energy usage in health monitoring systems. The motivation for this work was to implement compression method to modify traditional healthcare platform to lower file size, and reduce cost of operation. Image compression aims at reconstructing images from extensively lesser estimations than were already thought necessary in relations with non-zero coefficients. Rationally, fewer well-chosen interpretations is adequate to reproduce the new sample exactly as the source image. We look at DWT to implement our compression method.
Epidemiologic and Surgical Approach of Cranyosynostosis: A Case of Madagascar and Review of Literature
Authors: Synèse Bemora Joseph , Francis Rakotondrainibe Willy , Tony Andrianaivo Radotiana , Willy Ratovondrainy , Mamiarisoa Rabararijaona , Clément Andriamamonjy 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Craniosynostosis is a premature closure of one or more sutures of the skull. She reaches 1 child out of 2100. She is responsible for a psychomotor developmental delay. The objective of this study was to define epidemiology, surgical approach and compare with literature.
Methods: this was a multicenter retrospective descriptive study performed in hospitalized children operated or not on three neurosurgery centers (CHU-JRA, CENHOSOA and Fianarantsoa), from January 2010 to December 2017. Variables studied: epidemiology, clinical, paraclinical and therapeutic.
Results: During the targeted period, 52 children had craniosynostosis (4 cases at CENHSOA, 6 at Fianarantsoa and 42 at CHUA-HJRA). There was a clear male predominance with a sex ratio of 2.4. The average age was 13.11 months. Several types of craniosynostosis were reported, the majority of which were dominated by brachycephaly in 40.38% followed by scaphocephalia (21.15%) and 2 cases of Apert Syndrome. The main symptom was delayed psychomotor development (34.46%). A standard radiography of the skull required in 76.92% and a scanner in 15.38% of the cases. The average age at surgery was 13.04 months. The majority of the surgical techniques practiced were a suturotomy, with blood transfusion and the majority of which at the time of the incision.
Conclusion: Craniosynostosis is a pathology that requires neurosurgical management. Several operative techniques exist but the indication depends on the age and the clinico-radiological aspect of the pathology. The main cause of death is related to intraoperative bleeding.
The Effects of Lumbar Traction in Lumbar Discal Hernia: A Single Case Study
Authors: Bushati Sead , Erindi Altin 
Published: February 2022

Introduction

People have always had back pain. Back pain was described in the distant past in old texts from 1500 BC. The word sciatica has been used since Ancient Greek times and Hippocrates (460-370 BC) described “sciatic” pain as mainly affecting men aged 40-60 years (Allan and Waddell, 1989).

Purpose of the study

This is a single case study about whereas the mechanical effects of lumbar traction are well substantiated.

Methods

We have used the intermittent variable of the traction. We used a Platinum 3D traction table.MRI of the lumbar spine of the patient was recorded before and after. Pain intensity was rated on VAS, TSK questionnaire andSEC.

Discussion

Based on the findings of this single case, further study is needed to determine optimal treatment duration, frequency, and mode of administering lumbar traction. In this case, there was a real change in the discs after the treatment with problems that were the fear of movement and of course, the patient was experiencing the movement schemes that were connected with the pathology. Exercises are necessary to have a good situation for everyday life.

Conclusions

Horizontal traction was evidently effective in increasing the disc height of lower lumbar levels, particularly in the posterior regions of the discs. The situation of the hernia is really changed in nearly 12-15 treatment sessions. A rehabilitation program cannot be seen as a stand-alone system, but as a whole and the scope is to have a full rehabilitation of the patient.