bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐resolution knee plain radiography image synthesis using style generative adversarial network adaptive discriminator augmentation
Authors: Ahn Gun , Choi Byung Sun , Ko Sunho , Jo Changwung , Han Hyuk‐Soo , Lee Myung Chul , Ro Du Hyun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this retrospective study, 10,000 anteroposterior (AP) radiography of the knee from a single institution was used to create medical data set that are more balanced and cheaper to create. Two types of convolutional networks were used, deep convolutional GAN (DCGAN) and Style GAN Adaptive Discriminator Augmentation (StyleGAN2‐ADA). To verify the quality of generated images from StyleGAN2‐ADA compared to real ones, the Visual Turing test was conducted by two computer vision experts, two orthopedic surgeons, and a musculoskeletal radiologist. For quantitative analysis, the Fréchet inception distance (FID), and principal component analysis (PCA) were used. Generated images reproduced the features of osteophytes, joint space narrowing, and sclerosis. Classification accuracy of the experts was 34%, 43%, 44%, 57%, and 50%. FID between the generated images and real ones was 2.96, which is significantly smaller than another medical data set (BreCaHAD = 15.1). PCA showed that no significant difference existed between the PCs of the real and generated images (p > 0.05). At least 2000 images were required to make reliable images optimally. By performing PCA in latent space, we were able to control the desired PC that show a progression of arthritis. Using a GAN, we were able to generate knee X‐ray images that accurately reflected the characteristics of the arthritis progression stage, which neither human experts nor artificial intelligence could discern apart from the real images. In summary, our research opens up the potential to adopt a generative model to synthesize realistic anonymous images that can also solve data scarcity and class inequalities.
Poor oral health status and adverse COVID‐19 outcomes: A preliminary study in hospitalized patients
Authors: Costa Camila Alves , Vilela Ana Carolina Serafim , Oliveira Suzane Aparecida , Gomes Tiago Dias , Andrade Alex Alves Costa , Leles Cláudio Rodrigues , Costa Nádia Lago 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundMost of the common risk factors for severe outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) are correlated with poor oral health, tooth loss, and periodontitis. This has pointed to a possible relationship between oral and systemic health in COVID‐19 patients. Hence, this study aimed to assess the dental and periodontal status of hospitalized COVID‐19 patients and their associations with the incidence of adverse COVID‐19 outcomes.MethodsWe included 128 hospital patients aged between 20 and 97 years and with diagnoses of COVID‐19 in this prospective observational study. Dental and periodontal status was assessed using in‐hospital clinical examinations, including the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth index, periodontal status, and tooth loss patterns (Eichner index). Associations between oral health measures, the severity of COVID‐19 symptoms, and hospitalization endpoints were tested using chi‐square test and incidence rate ratio (IRR) estimation using a generalized linear model with log‐Poisson regression. The regression models used a block‐wise selection of predictors for oral health‐related variables, comorbidities, and patients’ ages.ResultsOverall, poor oral health conditions were highly prevalent and associated with critical COVID‐19 symptoms, higher risk for admission in the intensive care unit (ICU), and death. Periodontitis was significantly associated with ICU admission (IRR = 1.44; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] = 1.07–1.95; P = 0.017), critical symptoms (IRR = 2.56; 95%CI = 1.44–4.55; P = 0.001), and risk of death (IRR = 2.05; 95%CI = 1.12‐3.76; P = 0.020) when adjusted for age and comorbidities. The Eichner index (classes B and C) was associated with ICU admission.ConclusionThere was a positive association between deleterious oral health‐related conditions, especially periodontitis, and severe COVID‐19 outcomes in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients.
Hesperetin (citrus peel flavonoid aglycone) encapsulation using pea protein–high methoxyl pectin electrostatic complexes: complex optimization and biological activity
Authors: Caballero Sarah , Li Yao Olive , McClements David Julian , Davidov‐Pardo Gabriel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDOrange pomace polyphenols have potential for use as nutraceutical ingredients in functional foods and beverages. However, owing to their low water solubility and bioaccessibility, they are not being utilized to their full potential. The goal of this research is to assess the impact of encapsulation on hesperetin (HT – a model orange polyphenol) water solubility, antioxidant activity, and in vitro bioaccessibility.RESULTSIn this study, a citrus flavonoid aglycone, HT, was encapsulated within water‐dispersible colloidal complexes (d = 350 ± 8 nm) formed by electrostatic attraction of pea protein isolate and high‐methoxyl pectin at a mixing ratio of 1:1 (v/v) and pH 4. The maximum amount of HT that could be dispersed in water was much higher for the encapsulated form (99 ± 7 μg mL−1) than the non‐encapsulated form (<10 μg mL−1). The radical scavenging activity of the encapsulated HT (>90%, pH 4) was much higher than the non‐encapsulated form (<15% at pH 4 or 7). The in vitro bioaccessibility of encapsulated HT (27 ± 7%) was also much higher than the non‐encapsulated form (<7%).CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that a well‐designed, biopolymer‐based delivery system may improve the effective incorporation of HT, and potentially other orange pomace polyphenols, into food and beverage products. This could provide an additional high‐value use for orange juicing by‐products while introducing a new nutraceutical product to the food and beverage industry. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Feasibility of Fetal Proximal Lateral Cerebral Ventricle Measurement
Authors: Ganor Paz Yael , Levinsky Denis , Rosen Hadar , Barzilay Eran 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesMeasuring the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle in the fetus during ultrasound scans may be challenging. We aimed to examine this measurement feasibility, in relation to gestational age.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted, including nonanomalous fetuses, in which both lateral ventricles measured less than 10 mm during anomaly scans. The measurements were performed according to the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology guidelines. Success rate of measuring both ventricles was assessed at different gestational ages. Association between lateral ventricle width with contralateral ventricle width, gender, gestational age, and fetal head position were assessed.ResultsA total of 156 cases were recruited. The lateral ventricle distal to the probe was measured in all cases. In 10 cases proximal lateral ventricle could not be adequately measured (failed proximal ventricle measurement group). In 146 scans both ventricle measurements were available. All 10 cases of failed proximal ventricle measurement were in third trimester (30–38 weeks). Success rate of measurement of both ventricles was 100%, 96.2%, 71.4%, and 37.5% for gestational week 14–29, 30–32, 33–35, and 36–38, respectively (P <.001). Proximal lateral ventricle width was strongly associated with the distal ventricle width (B = 0.422, 95% confidence interval 0.29, 0.555, P <.001), but not with head position, fetal gender, or gestational age.ConclusionsMeasurement of the proximal lateral ventricle is feasible in most cases, even during late third trimester scans. Efforts should be made to visualize both ventricles in every evaluation of the fetal brain.
The evolution of forest restoration in India: The journey from precolonial to India's 75th year of Independence
Authors: Roy Anirban , Fleischman Forrest 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the history of forest restoration in India. While contemporary literature often emphasizes the novelty of forest restoration programmes as exemplified in large‐scale global pledges such as the Bonn Challenge or the Trillion Trees initiative, we show that forest restoration has thousands of years of history in India. Furthermore, this history plays an important role in shaping current restoration efforts, in ways that often undermine restoration goals. We find four themes in this history: the definitions of forests changed as the national administration metamorphosed, the philosophy behind the afforestation practices transitioned from commercial to a focus on forest cover that still underemphasizes ecological and subsistence values of forests, the involvement of forest‐dependent people in forest restoration has been limited by government policies through much of this period, and current restoration practice draws more from the history of commercial timber production than from contemporary restoration science. Drawing on these insights, we argue that restoration programmes need to be reconsidered in India.
Voice rest after vocal fold polyp surgery: A Swedish register study of 588 patients
Authors: Björck Gunnar , Hertegård Stellan , Ekelund Jan , Marsk Elin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of voice rest on patient‐reported voice outcome 4 months after vocal fold polyp surgery.MethodsPreoperative information was collected about age, sex, and smoking habits and the voice handicap index‐10 (VHI‐10). Four months postoperatively, voice rest (total voice rest, spoke single words, and spoke normally), and pre and postoperative voice therapy were reported. This was correlated to voice satisfaction from a two‐category subjective evaluation “satisfied/ not satisfied” and to VHI‐10. Logistic regression models with relative risk for NOT being satisfied with voice after surgery were performed.ResultsData from 588 patients were available. The group “spoke normally” showed the highest degree of patient satisfaction (92%). Younger patients (<59 years) were more satisfied than older (90% vs. 81.5%). High age and low VHI‐10 scores before surgery were statistically significant for negative voice outcome. Gender or voice rest type did not significantly affect outcome. The largest improvement in VHI‐scores was in the group who spoke normally and least in the group who spoke single words.ConclusionWe found no significant difference in the two‐category subjective voice outcome depending on voice rest. VHI‐10 showed a statistically significant positive effect on self‐evaluated voice outcome, with the largest improvement in the group with no voice rest. However, the clinical relevance of the VHI changes is unclear. The present study does not show any advantage of total voice rest as compared to relative voice rest or speaking freely. High age and low preoperative VHI scores were significant risk factors for worse voice outcome.Level of evidence: 4
A Water Soluble, Low Migration, and Visible Light Photoinitiator by Thioxanthone‐Functionalization of Poly(ethylene glycol)‐Containing Poly(β‐amino ester)
Authors: Gencoglu Turkan , Eren Tugce Nur , Lalevée Jacques , Avci Duygu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA novel photoinitiator (PI) is described here for low ecological impact, p(PEGDA575‐TX): It is water soluble, polymerizable, thioxanthone (TX) functional, and is a one‐component poly(ethylene glycol)‐based poly(β‐amino ester). The PI is synthesized in one step via classical aza‐Michael addition reaction between poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (Mn = 575 D) and amine functionalized TX (2‐(2‐aminoethoxy)‐9H‐thioxanthen‐9‐one). It absorbs at ≈ 404 nm (ε = 14 000–44 309) in water and can photodecompose with or without additives such as ethyl 4‐(dimethylamino)benzoate (EDB) and bis‐(4‐tert‐butylphenyl)‐iodonium hexafluorophosphate (Iod). Although it is an effective one‐component visible light PI for free radical polymerization of di‐ and tri(meth)acrylates, EDB or Iod will be favorable for synergistic effect. p(PEGDA575‐TX) has higher initiating reactivity, reducing ability of oxygen inhibition and migration stability compared to TX, which make it environmental friendly.
Antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli and prevalence of extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae in calves from organic and conventional dairy farms in Switzerland
Authors: Nüesch‐Inderbinen Magdalena , Hänni Claudia , Zurfluh Katrin , Hartnack Sonja , Stephan Roger 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study compared the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among commensal Escherichia coli in the fecal microbiota of young calves raised on organic and on conventional dairy farms in Switzerland. Further, fecal carriage of extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae was assessed for calves from both farming systems. Where possible, data on antimicrobial usage (AMU) were obtained. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on a total of 71 isolates using the disk diffusion method. ESBL producers were characterized by polymerase chain reaction‐based multilocus sequence typing and sequencing of the blaESBL genes. Organically raised calves were significantly more likely to harbor E. coli that showed AMR to ampicillin (odds ratio [OR]: 2.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–7.61, p = 0.046), streptomycin (OR: 3.22, 95% CI: 1.17–8.92, p = 0.046), kanamycin (OR: 11.3, 95% CI: 2.94–43.50, p < 0.001), and tetracycline (OR: 3.25, 95% CI: 1.13–9.31, p = 0.028). Calves with reported AMU were significantly more likely to harbor E. coli with resistance to ampicillin (OR: 3.91, 95% CI: 1.03–14.85, p = 0.045), streptomycin (OR: 4.35, 95% CI: 1.13–16.7, p = 0.045), and kanamycin (OR: 8.69, 95% CI: 2.01–37.7, p = 0.004). ESBL‐producing Enterobacteriaceae (18 E. coli and 3 Citrobacter braakii) were detected exclusively among samples from conventionally farmed calves (OR: infinity [∞], 95% CI: 2.3–∞, p < 0.0013). The observations from this study suggest that AMR is highly prevalent among commensal E. coli in young dairy calves, irrespective of the farm management system, with proportions of certain resistance phenotypes higher among organic calves. By contrast, the occurrence of ESBL producers among young dairy calves may be linked to factors associated with conventional farming.
Development of a novel high resolution melting assay for identification and differentiation of all known 19 serovars of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
Authors: Scherrer Simone , Peterhans Sophie , Neupert Christine , Rademacher Fenja , Bartolomei Giody , Sidler Xaver , Stephan Roger 
Published: March 2022

AbstractActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the etiological agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, a respiratory infectious disease responsible for global economic losses in the pig industry. From a monitoring perspective as well as due to the different courses of disease associated with the various serovars, it is essential to distinguish them in different herds or countries. In this study, we developed a novel high resolution melting (HRM) assay based on reference strains for each of the 19 known serovars and additional 15 clinical A. pleuropneumoniae isolates. The novel HRM comprises the species‐specific APP‐HRM1 and two serovar‐specific HRM assays (APP‐HRM2 and APP‐HRM3). APP‐HRM1 allowed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of apxIV resulting in an A. pleuropneumoniae specific melting curve, while nadV specific primers differentiated biovar 2 from biovar 1 isolates. Using APP‐HRM2 and APP‐HRM3, 13 A. pleuropneumoniae serovars can be determined by inspecting the assigned melting temperature. In contrast, serovar 3 and 14, serovar 9 and 11, and serovar 5 and 15 have partly overlapping melting temperatures and thus represent a challenge to accurately distinguish them. Consequently, to unambiguously ensure the correct assignment of the serovar, it is recommended to perform the serotyping HRM assay using a positive control for each serovar. This rapid and user‐friendly assay showed high sensitivity with 1.25 fg–125 pg of input DNA and a specificity of 100% to identify A. pleuropneumoniae. Characteristic melting patterns of amplicons might allow detecting new serovars. The novel HRM assay has the potential to be implemented in diagnostic laboratories for better surveillance of this pathogen.
Recent progress in the imaging of c‐Met aberrant cancers with positron emission tomography
Authors: Floresta Giuseppe , Abbate Vincenzo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTyrosine‐protein kinase Met—also known as c‐Met or HGFR—is a membrane receptor protein with associated tyrosine kinase activity physiologically stimulated by its natural ligand, the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and is involved in different ways in cancer progression and tumourigenesis. Targeting c‐Met with pharmaceuticals has been preclinically proved to have significant benefits for cancer treatment. Recently, evaluating the protein status during and before c‐Met targeted therapy has been shown of relevant importance by different studies, demonstrating that there is a correlation between the status (e.g., aberrant activation and overexpression) of the HGFR with therapy response and clinical prognosis. Currently, clinical imaging based on positron emission tomography (PET) appears as one of the most promising tools for the in vivo real‐time scanning of irregular alterations of the tyrosine‐protein kinase Met and for the diagnosis of c‐Met related cancers. In this study, we review the recent progress in the imaging of c‐Met aberrant cancers with PET. Particular attention is directed on the development of PET probes with a range of different sizes (HGF, antibodies, anticalines, peptides, and small molecules), and radiolabeled with different radionuclides. The goal of this review is to report all the preclinical imaging studies based on PET imaging reported until now for in vivo diagnosis of c‐Met in oncology to support the design of novel and more effective PET probes for in vivo evaluation of c‐Met.
Strategy for preventing skin paddle necrosis in mandibular reconstruction with free fibula osteocutaneous flap
Authors: Kusumoto Junya , Hashikawa Kazunobu , Sakakibara Akiko , Murai Nobuyuki , Akashi Masaya 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundNon‐thrombotic skin paddle necrosis occasionally occurs during mandibular reconstructions with free fibula osteocutaneous flaps. The number of perforators, size of the skin paddle, and ischemia time of the flap are considered as causes of skin paddle necrosis. The importance of donor side selection has also been highlighted. This study aimed to investigate the leading cause of skin paddle necrosis and the optimal reconstructive procedure.MethodsA total of 66 patients who underwent mandibular reconstruction using a free fibula osteocutaneous flap were retrospectively analyzed. Skin paddle necrosis, number of cutaneous perforators, size of the skin paddle, and ischemia time of the flap were investigated. An incorrect “laterality” was defined as a skin paddle (septum) covering the reconstruction plate. Donor‐site morbidity was recorded.ResultsSkin paddle necrosis occurred in 15.2% of patients. An incorrect laterality was associated with a higher incidence of skin paddle necrosis (odds ratio, 22.0; 95% confidence interval, 2.5–195; p = .005). Donor‐site morbidity was noted in 18.8% of the patients, without any significant difference in terms of the donor side with and without skin graft (p = .592). The postoperative activities of daily living were not affected.ConclusionsTo prevent skin paddle necrosis, donor side selection is an important safety strategy during mandibular reconstruction with free fibula osteocutaneous flap. The postoperative activities of daily living were found to be little affected by differences in the donor side.
Location of end‐of‐life care of children with cancer: A systematic review of parent experiences
Authors: Noyes Michelle , Herbert Anthony , Moloney Susan , Irving Helen , Bradford Natalie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo synthesize existing qualitative research exploring the experiences of parents caring for children with cancer during the end‐of‐life phase, and the factors that influence parental decision‐making when choosing the location of end‐of‐life care and death for their child.ResultsThis review included 15 studies of 460 parents of 333 children and adolescents who died from progressive cancer. Where reported, the majority (58%) of children died at home or in a hospital (39%), with only a small fraction dying in a hospice. Factors impacting decision‐making for the location of care included the quality of communication and the quality of care available. Themes related to choosing home for end‐of‐life care and death included honoring the child's wishes, the familiarity of home, and parents’ desire to be their child's primary carer. Preference for the location of death in the hospital included trust in hospital staff, practical logistics, and the safety of the hospital environment.
Could species‐focused suppression of Aedes aegypti, the yellow fever mosquito, and Aedes albopictus, the tiger mosquito, affect interacting predators? An evidence synthesis from the literature
Authors: Bonds Jane AS , Collins C Matilda , Gouagna Louis‐Clément 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe risks of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus nuisance and vector‐borne diseases are rising and the adverse effects of broad‐spectrum insecticide application have promoted species‐specific techniques, such as sterile insect technique (SIT) and other genetic strategies, as contenders in their control operations. When specific vector suppression is proposed, potential effects on predators and wider ecosystem are some of the first stakeholder questions. These are not the only Aedes vectors of human diseases, but are those for which SIT and genetic strategies are of most interest. They vary ecologically and in habitat origin, but both have behaviorally human‐adapted forms with expanding ranges. The aquatic life stages are where predation is strongest due to greater resource predictability and limited escape opportunity. These vectors' anthropic forms usually use ephemeral water bodies and man‐made containers as larval habitats; predators that occur in these are mobile, opportunistic and generalist. No literature indicates that any predator depends on larvae of either species. As adults, foraging theory predicts these mosquitoes are of low profitability to predators. Energy expended hunting and consuming will mostly outweigh their energetic benefit. Moreover, as adult biomass is mobile and largely disaggregated, any predator is likely to be a generalist and opportunist. This work, which summarizes much of the literature currently available on the predators of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, indicates it is highly unlikely that any predator species depends on them. Species‐specific vector control to reduce nuisance and disease is thus likely to be of negligible or limited impact on nontarget predators. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Distributed filtering for nonlinear systems under Dempster–Shafer theory subject to malicious cyber attacks
Authors: Wang Weizhen , Chen Xin , Li Zhen , Jia Jangbo , Zhang Min 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper addresses the problem of network security for distributed filtering when subject to malicious cyber attacks. First, based on the Dempster–Shafer (D‐S) theory a protector for each sensor is proposed, that can decide whether to use data sent by neighboring sensors. Furthermore, a distributed estimator is proposed for the nonlinear system with the designed detector. Besides, a sufficient condition is presented for the stability of the estimator equipped with the designed protector when under cyber attacks. Finally, several numerical examples are presented to verify the proposed protection strategy's efficacy.