bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stream‐Lake Connectivity Is an Important Control of Fluvial CO2 Concentrations and Emissions in Catchments
Authors: Sand‐Jensen Kaj , Riis Tenna , Kjær Johan Emil , Martinsen Kenneth Thorø 
Published: November 2022

AbstractStreams in cultivated lowlands are commonly supersaturated with CO2 and are a source of CO2 to the atmosphere. Great uncertainties exist regarding the spatiotemporal variations of CO2 concentrations and emission rates in stream‐lake fluvial networks and small streams with variable plant cover. We studied this variability and the underlying mechanisms in 40 small, high‐alkalinity Danish streams, including 5 catchments with lakes. Generally CO2 concentrations were, on average, 9.2 times those of the atmosphere, declining downstream with rising water temperature, chlorophyll a concentration, and decreasing groundwater inputs. We furthermore observed that the concentrations of CO2 in stream waters declined at the outlet of lakes to values close to or below air saturation due to phytoplankton uptake and atmospheric loss during the long water retention time in the lakes. Downstream, CO2 concentrations were observed to decrease in summer and in the afternoons, which indicate plant uptake of CO2. Sites with deeper water and few plants and low gas transfer velocity retained high CO2 concentrations. Among 38 fluvial networks where emission could be calculated, it varied 10‐fold (0.41–4.06 g C m−2 d−1), but the overall mean was constrained to a narrow confidence interval (1.75–2.50 g C m−2 d−1). Our results highlight that a complex of physical, chemical and biological processes cause highly variable carbon dynamics and CO2 emissions in fluvial networks at local and catchment scales making upscaling challenging.
Localized Origin at the Core‐Mantle Boundary of the 1969 Geomagnetic Impulse
Authors: Blangsbøll R. M. , Finlay C. C. , Kloss C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe 1969 geomagnetic impulse provided the first compelling evidence for rapid changes in Earth's core‐generated magnetic field, taking place on timescales of a few years or less. We show here it originated at the core‐mantle boundary (CMB) largely as a localized change in the field acceleration under north and central America. We find the impulse events in 1969 and 2017 involved similar amplitudes of field acceleration change with similar localized dipole structures. However in 1969 the acceleration change pattern was north‐south rather than east‐west oriented, and it propagated poleward rather than westward. Moreover, there was a distinctive local surge in the CMB secular variation leading up to the 1969 event. We propose the 1969 impulse resulted from hydromagnetic waves arriving at the CMB that were triggered by a convective burst near to the core surface; this event involved localized flux expulsion and inward propagating waves.
Hindered Trench Migration Due To Slab Steepening Controls the Formation of the Central Andes
Authors: Pons Michaël , Sobolev Stephan V. , Liu Sibiao , Neuharth Derek 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe formation of the Central Andes dates back to ∼50 Ma, but its most pronounced episode, including the growth of the Altiplano‐Puna Plateau and pulsatile tectonic shortening phases, occurred within the last 25 Ma. The reason for this evolution remains unexplained. Using geodynamic numerical modeling we infer that the primary cause of the pulses of tectonic shortening and growth of the Central Andes is the changing geometry of the subducted Nazca plate, and particularly the steepening of the mid‐mantle slab segment which results in a slowing down of the trench retreat and subsequent increase in shortening of the advancing South America plate. This steepening first happens after the end of the flat slab episode at ∼25 Ma, and later during the buckling and stagnation of the slab in the mantle transition zone. Processes that mechanically weaken the lithosphere of the South America plate, as suggested in previous studies, enhance the intensity of the shortening events. These processes include delamination of the mantle lithosphere and weakening of foreland sediments. Our new modeling results are consistent with the timing and amplitude of the deformation from geological data in the Central Andes at the Altiplano latitude.
The Relationship Between Inverted Normal Faults and Pure Thrusting During the Tectonic Inversion of the Domeyko Cordillera, Northern Chile: Structural and Seismic Interpretation and Analog Modeling Experiments
Authors: López Cristopher , Del Ventisette Chiara , Bonini Marco , Montanari Domenico , Maestrelli Daniele , Martínez Fernando , González Rodrigo , Riquelme Rodrigo , Montenegro Daniela , Muñoz Belén , Guzmán‐Marusic Gabriela 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe orogenic growth of the Domeyko Cordillera was induced by a positive tectonic inversion. In this work, we have validated this interpretation from new field data, which were combined with 2‐D reflection seismic profile interpretations obtained along the Central Andes forearc of northern Chile. To compare with this information, we performed a new series of Analog Models dealing with positive tectonic inversion. On the basis of this, we propose an integrated kinematic model that describes the relationships between extensional structures, inversion structures, and pure thrust faulting. The proposed model is developed with an initial syn‐rift phase related to the filling of half‐graben basins, followed by a positive tectonic inversion phase. Our models show two main structural styles: partially inverted normal faults and newly formed pure thrust faulting. The partial inversion of previous normal faults represents the initial stage of exhumation of the syn‐rift deposits. The pure thrusting consists of east‐verging faults, which decapitate early or partially inverted normal faults. The first type of structures are compared with west‐verging inverted, or partially inverted, normal faults, inversion anticlines, and buttressing structures, exposed on the western flank of the Domeyko Cordillera. The second type of structures are compared with the east‐verging thrust faults exposed on the eastern flank of the Domeyko Cordillera. Finally, we consider that the architecture of the Domeyko Fault System is associated with inversion structures and pure thrust faulting; being these faults first‐order structures that led to the orogenic growth of the Domeyko Cordillera from the Upper Cretaceous.
Downregulating PDPK1 and taking phillyrin as PDPK1-targeting drug protect hepatocytes from alcoholic steatohepatitis by promoting autophagy
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Ding Yuhao , Zhao Huizi , Wang Zhonghao , Zeng Fanle , Qian Zhenzhen , Li Jun , Ma Taotao , Huang Cheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe health risk stemming from drinking alcohol is serious, sometimes even life-threatening. Alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) is a critical stage leading to cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. However, its pathogenesis is still far from clearly understood, and a treatment that is widely recognised as effective has not been discovered. Interestingly, PDPK1,3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1, also known as PDK1, was observed to be obviously increased in the ASH model by our researchers. We also investigated the protective role of autophagy in ASH. Here, we studied the function of PDPK1 and found an efficient treatment to alleviate symptoms by targeting PDPK1 in ASH. In our study, PDPK1 affected hepatocyte self-healing by inhibiting autophagy. Both inhibiting PDPK1 and the phosphorylation of PDPK1 (ser241) could protect hepatocytes from suffering heavy alcoholic hepatitis.
COX7A1 enhances the sensitivity of human NSCLC cells to cystine deprivation-induced ferroptosis via regulating mitochondrial metabolism
Authors: Feng Yetong , Xu Jiayi , Shi Mengjiao , Liu Rongrong , Zhao Lei , Chen Xin , Li Miaomiao , Zhao Yaping , Chen Jiahui , Du Wenjing , Liu Pengfei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCOX7A1, a subunit of cytochrome c oxidase, holds an important position in the super-assembly which integrates into multi-unit heteromeric complexes peripherally in the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). Recently, some studies indicated the significant potential of COX7A1 in cancer metabolism and therapy. However, the underlying metabolic process and therapy mechanism remain unclear. In this study, COX7A1-overexpressed cell line was established via lentivirus transduction. The relationship between COX7A1 and ferroptosis, a novel form of cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, was further analyzed in different human non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells respectively. Our results showed that COX7A1 increased the sensitivity of NSCLC cells to the ferroptosis induced by cysteine deprivation via enhancing the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the activity of complex IV in mitochondrial ETC. Meanwhile, COX7A1 suppressed mitochondrial dynamics as well as mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy through blocking autophagic flux. The autophagy activator, rapamycin, relieved the autophagic blockage and further strengthened the sensitivity to cysteine deprivation-induced ferroptosis of NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our data indicate the close association of COX7A1 with cysteine deprivation-induced ferroptosis, and provide a novel insight into the therapy mode against human NSCLC.
Fat mass index as a screening tool for the assessment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Zhang Shengkui , Wang Lihua , Yu Miao , Guan Weijun , Yuan Juxiang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is replacing hepatitis B as the leading cause of chronic liver disease in China. The purpose of this study is to select good tools to identify NAFLD from the body composition, anthropometry and related routine clinical parameters. A total of 5076 steelworkers, aged 22–60 years, was included in this study. Body fat mass was measured via bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and fat mass index (FMI) was derived. Ultrasonography method was used to detect hepatic steatosis. Random forest classifier and best subset regression were used to select useful parameters or models that can accurately identify NAFLD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to describe and compare the performance of different diagnostic indicators and algorithms including fatty liver index (FLI) and hepatic steatosis index (HSI) in NAFLD screening. ROC analysis indicated that FMI can be used with high accuracy to identify heavy steatosis as determined by ultrasonography in male workers [area under the curve (AUC) 0.95, 95% CI 0.93–0.98, sensitivity 89.0%, specificity 91.4%]. The ability of single FMI to identify NAFLD is no less than that of combination panels, even better than the combination panel of HSI. The best subset regression model that including FMI, waist circumference, and serum levels of triglyceride and alanine aminotransferase has moderate accuracy in diagnosing overall NAFLD (AUC 0.83). FMI and the NAFLD best subset (BIC) score seem to be good tools to identify NAFLD in Chinese steelworkers.
DINI: data imputation using neural inversion for edge applications
Authors: Tuli Shikhar , Jha Niraj K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe edge computing paradigm has recently drawn significant attention from industry and academia. Due to the advantages in quality-of-service metrics, namely, latency, bandwidth, energy efficiency, privacy, and security, deploying artificial intelligence (AI) models at the network edge has attracted widespread interest. Edge-AI has seen applications in diverse domains that involve large amounts of data. However, poor dataset quality plagues this compute regime owing to numerous data corruption sources, including missing data. As such systems are increasingly being deployed in mission-critical applications, mitigating the effects of corrupted data becomes important. In this work, we propose a strategy based on data imputation using neural inversion, DINI. It trains a surrogate model and runs data imputation in an interleaved fashion. Unlike previous works, DINI is a model-agnostic framework applicable to diverse deep learning architectures. DINI outperforms state-of-the-art methods by at least 10.7% in average imputation error. Applying DINI to mission-critical applications can increase prediction accuracy to up to 99% (F1 score of 0.99), resulting in significant gains compared to baseline methods.
Very fast transient overvoltage calculation and evaluation for 500‐kV gas insulated substation power substation with double circuit and long gas insulated substation busbar
Authors: Fu Runyu , Wang Jianguo , Wang Jianping , Zhou Mi , Li Cai , Zhao Yating , Fan Yadong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe operation of disconnectors in gas insulated substation (GIS) or power plant will produce very fast transient overvoltage (VFTO), which is considered to have serious harm to transformer longitudinal insulation and other high‐voltage equipment insulation. VFTO may also lead to secondary circuit failure. In this paper, the holistic modelling of 500 kV GIS step‐up substation equipment with a double circuit and long GIS busbar in a coastal power plant is established using Electromagnetic Transient Program (EMTP). The authors calculated the VFTO waveform that may be generated in different operations of the GIS substation. The authors analyze the amplitude and frequency characteristics of the VFTO waveform at lightning arresters and the entrance of transformers and find that the amplitude of VFTO at the entrance of #1 MT is less than its impulse withstand voltage. In some cases, the VFTO waveform at the entrance of #1 MT has high‐frequency content with fast attenuation. The VFTO waveform generated when operating the disconnector close to the arrester will cause the arrester to act many times and count frequently in a short time.
A coordinated control method for static PV model fed pump motor system under rapid irradiation drop
Authors: Dai Jialiang , Ahn Jungho , Lee Ju , Kim Hyunwoo , Won Sunghong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPhotovoltaic (PV)‐fed motor pump system employs an advanced system that eliminates the need for batteries to reduce maintenance and equipment costs during the day in desert areas. Real‐time adjustment of the motor output speed stops the motor from drawing power from a storage capacitor in the DC link so that sensors and microcontrollers (MCU) do not lose power and restart. This paper proposes an extremum seeking control (ESC) to achieve high accuracy of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm by improving the accuracy of current and voltage measurements. MPPT‐based motor speed vector control rule is proposed. A field‐oriented control (FOC) scheme and sensorless direct torque control (DTC) scheme are introduced for comparison. The control method and interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) are tested on the PV simulator and dynamometer experimental test‐rig. The test results show that the sensorless DTC can regulate the motor speed and torque to the desired value without system power failure. In contrast, the speed fluctuation of FOC control is lower than sensorless DTC. However, the system tuning time of DTC is faster and easy to support the whole system operation. The main technical contribution of this study is to provide a coordinated control method to maintain the continuous operation of the entire system during the daytime.
Challenging Cases in Neuro-Oncology
Authors: Lukas Rimas V. , Mrugala Maciej M. , Lesniak Maciej S. , Chandler James P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNeuro-oncology encompasses a broad field focusing on an array of neoplasms, many of which can mimic several diseases. Neurologists will often be involved in the initial diagnostic evaluation and management of these patients. Their insight is central to optimizing the diagnostic yield and providing high-level clinical care. Several neuro-oncologic cases are reviewed with a goal of increasing the understanding of these diseases in a clinically relevant manner and providing updates on the contemporary thinking in the subspecialty.
Factors Influencing the Aggressive Behavior of Odontogenic Keratocyst: A Narrative Review
Authors: Amin Reshma , Talwar Avaneendra 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDuring odontogenesis, the dental lamina disintegrates, leaving behind the remnants. Odontogenic pathologies such as cysts and tumors can arise from these remnants. The odontogenic keratocyte (OKC) arises from dental lamina remnants. Among the cysts, the odontogenic keratocyst is the most controversial. There is convincing evidence that inflammation plays a significant role in the pathogenesis and expansion of OKCs. Several factors mediate the proliferative capacity of the epithelial lining. The presence of mast cells close to the epithelial lining, cystic pressure build-up by vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), and other cytokines contribute to the cystic expansion. Fibroblast activation by inflammation in the connective tissue stroma and changes in the epithelial lining are responsible for the aggressive nature of OKC. The use of molecular methodologies gives more profound insights into the factors influencing the progression of the lesion and helps develop newer treatment modalities for OKC. This review describes the characteristics that determine the aggressive behavior of this unique cyst.
A Case of Adult-Onset Kawasaki Disease in an Adolescent Occurring during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Aebi Christoph , Schöbi Nina , Duppenthaler Andrea , Kopp Matthias V. , Glöckler Martin , Agyeman Philipp K. A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe report the occurrence of the adult-onset type of Kawasaki disease (KD) with classic mucocutaneous manifestations of KD, cholestatic liver disease, multiple splenic infarcts, and residual multiple coronary artery dilatations in a previously healthy 14-year-old male adolescent 16 days after having received one dose of the BNT162b2 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccine. First, the report serves to highlight the diagnostic challenges of adult-onset KD often resulting in therapeutic delay and the frequently reported occurrence of persistent cardiovascular sequelae. Second, the report emphasizes that the temporal association of KD with the administration of a COVID-19 vaccine will likely be a frequent constellation in the near future, raising questions of a causative association. While there is currently no evidence of such an association in persons above 5 years of age, large-scale vaccination of children below 5 years of age will require close surveillance of vaccine-related adverse events.
Alteration in the Cross-sectional Area (CSA) Ratio of the Paraspinal Muscles following Vertebral Insufficiency Fractures
Authors: Shah Ali , Iyengar Karthikeyan P. , Azzopardi Christine , Haleem Shahnawaz , Mehta Jwalant , Botchu Rajesh 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background Vertebral insufficiency fractures in the elderly are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis is essential to direct patient-specific rehabilitation.
Aims We hypothesize that in patients with vertebral insufficiency fractures, there is atrophy of the psoas and paraspinal muscles with alteration in the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the muscles.
Materials and Methods Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies for 100 consecutive patients, older than 60 years presenting with lower back pain, were included in the study. For each MRI study, the CSA of the psoas and paraspinal muscles (multifidus) at the level of L4/5-disc space was measured to calculate the cross-sectional area ratio (CSAR) by two readers. One reader repeated the measurements after an interval of 2 weeks. We divided the patients (n = 100) into various groups based on the number of vertebral fractures.
Results In total, 77 patients with vertebral body fractures (48 with one, 16 with two and 13 with more than two fractures) were identified with a mean age of 73 (range 60–92) years. The ratio of multifidus CSA to psoas CSA was calculated with mean values of each group (1–4) as 2.56, 1.89, 2.09 and 2.16, respectively. There was statistically significance difference of the CSAR between the cohorts (p-value = 0.0115).
Conclusion Vertebral insufficiency fractures in the elderly are associated not only with atrophy of psoas and the multifidus group of muscles as evident by the CSA values, but they also affect the CSAR depending on the number of fractures. This finding may help to direct targeted patient-specific physiotherapy rehabilitation and interventions to prevent further such fractures.
Activation energy study on nanostructured niobium substituted Mg2Ni intermetallic alloy for hydrogen storage application
Authors: Nivedhitha K S , Venkatesh R , Banapurmath N R 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The magnesium-based metallic alloys have been exhibited to be the improved hydrogen storage materials. In the present investigation, a nanostructured Mg67Ni33 and Niobium substituted intermetallic compound was prepared by a high-energy ball milling technique for hydrogen storage application. Niobium substitution on the pure crystalline intermetallic compound changed the structure of the crystalline to semi-amorphous as well as changed the interplanar spacing after 30 h of milling. Furthermore, the effect of Nb substitution on the inter-planar shift and its corresponding implications on lattice strain, crystallite size, and unit cell volume of the Mg2Ni compound were also discussed. Transmission electron microscope studies confirm the particle size was reduced to less than 100 nm for 30 h of milling. However, SEM images confirm the agglomeration of these nanoparticles and form spherical particles of size around 3–5 μm. XRD and EDS authenticate the presence of oxides. Kissinger’s analysis confirmed that Mg2Ni powder exhibited lower activation energy of 64.101 kJ mol−1 than niobium-substituted alloy powders. The hydrogen charge and discharge potential of these compounds are discussed in detail.
Dynamics of quantum correlations in two 2-level atoms coupled to thermal reservoirs
Authors: Dahbi Z , Mansour M , El Allati A 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we examine the dynamics of quantum correlations in two noninteractive two-level atoms coupled to two separate identical thermal reservoirs. The two atoms are initially produced in a Gisin state, which is a blend of a maximally entangled two-qubit state and a separable mixed state. Quantum entanglement is measured by logarithmic negativity, while the nonclassical correlations are characterized by trace distance discord and local quantum uncertainty. Using the mean photon number of reservoirs and spontaneous emission rates of atoms as inputs, we explore how these quantum resources behave. Consequently, we demonstrate that the dynamics of quantum entanglement and quantum correlations depend upon the parameters driving the system. Significantly, we further demonstrate that specific parameters may be tweaked to preserve the quantum resources in the system. The results give a full grasp of the quantum features of such a two-level atomic system, showing capabilities to construct quantum technology.