bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International Migrations and the Management of Identity by the State
Authors: Akkari Abdeljalil , Radhouane Myriam 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDespite meeting opposition, intercultural approaches to education have still been able to spread. International migrations form a typical part of global phenomena and have resulted in the adoption and legalization of these approaches in many countries. In this chapter, we will look initially at the extent and evolution of international migrations in the world. Then, we will address the different models of access to citizenship. Finally, we will analyse the consequences of restricted access to citizenship for children and young people from migratory backgrounds.
Multicultural Education in the United States
Authors: Akkari Abdeljalil , Radhouane Myriam 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe United States of America represents a contradictory context for the consideration of cultural diversity in an education system. On the one hand, the Civil Rights Movement and legal decisions have enabled considerable progress to be made in the matter of the right to a quality education for ethnic minorities. On the other hand, the school still suffers from the relics of slavery and racial segregation, because racial mixing remains weak. In this chapter, we will first examine the historical circumstances in the emergence of multiculturalism.
Multicultural Education in Canada
Authors: Akkari Abdeljalil , Radhouane Myriam 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, we will try to retrace the development of inter- and multicultural approaches in Canada, including Quebec. As our analysis progresses, we will reveal the need to distinguish between these two geographical and political entities. First, we deal with the whole country, which will be approached by examining the emergence of the federal policy on multiculturalism. Then, the second part of the chapter is devoted to the history and evolution of schooling for indigenous children. The third part tackles the way multiculturalism has been incorporated into curricula and educational policies. Finally, the fourth part explores the specific features concerning multiculturalism in the Province of Quebec.
Disparities and Diversification: Feminists in Europe Study War and/or Militaries
Authors: Gray Harriet 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis chapter discusses the dynamic feminist scholarship on war and militaries produced in contemporary Europe, highlighting work on militarism and militarization, military masculinities, the inclusion of women in armed organizations, military families, conflict-related sexual violence, and ‘everyday’ experiences. It sketches the national and institutional contexts where scholars are located and discusses the political economies that underpin significant disparities in geographical distribution and research focus, despite efforts to diversify scholarship and challenge dominant storylines and assumptions. In emphasizing how ideas and communities of scholars span continents, the chapter troubles the reification of ‘Europe’ as a privileged site of knowledge production.
Feminist Foreign Policy Studies in Europe
Authors: Thomson Jennifer 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis chapter addresses feminist IR scholarship in Europe on gender and foreign policy. Foreign policy has received comparatively little consideration from feminist scholars and, until recently, the field has been largely gender blind. The chapter discusses feminist scholarship in four key sections, on gender and the idea of ‘normative power’ Europe; the process of EU enlargement and expansion; the securitization/militarization of foreign policy; and, finally, the emerging literature on ‘feminist’ foreign policy. The chapter concludes with a discussion of what has been overlooked in the literature so far and what directions research might pursue in the future.
Feminist Knowledge Production in Europe on Diplomacy and International Negotiation
Authors: Kostadinova Tonka 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis chapter traces the development of feminist scholarship in Europe on diplomacy and international negotiation. Sensitive to variations between different national contexts, this chapter suggests that the state frames the broader socio-political environment, which incentivizes or discourages the creation of feminist knowledge. This chapter also provides important insights on prevailing silences and limitations of existing research. By outlining both the thematic and the geographical discrepancies in feminist knowledge production on diplomacy across Europe, this chapter calls attention to the systematic disregard of gender as a category of analysis in many European countries and offers useful avenues for further research.
The Alzheimer’s gene SORL1 is a regulator of endosomal traffic and recycling in human neurons
Authors: Mishra Swati , Knupp Allison , Szabo Marcell P. , Williams Charles A. , Kinoshita Chizuru , Hailey Dale W. , Wang Yuliang , Andersen Olav M. , Young Jessica E. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Loss of the Sortilin-related receptor 1 (SORL1) gene seems to act as a causal event for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recent studies have established that loss of SORL1, as well as mutations in autosomal dominant AD genes APP and PSEN1/2, pathogenically converge by swelling early endosomes, AD’s cytopathological hallmark. Acting together with the retromer trafficking complex, SORL1 has been shown to regulate the recycling of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) out of the endosome, contributing to endosomal swelling and to APP misprocessing. We hypothesized that SORL1 plays a broader role in neuronal endosomal recycling and used human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons (hiPSC-Ns) to test this hypothesis. We examined endosomal recycling of three transmembrane proteins linked to AD pathophysiology: APP, the BDNF receptor Tropomyosin-related kinase B (TRKB), and the glutamate receptor subunit AMPA1 (GLUA1).

Methods
We used isogenic hiPSCs engineered to have SORL1 depleted or to have enhanced SORL1 expression. We differentiated neurons from these cell lines and mapped the trafficking of APP, TRKB and GLUA1 within the endosomal network using confocal microscopy. We also performed cell surface recycling and lysosomal degradation assays to assess the functionality of the endosomal network in both SORL1-depleted and -overexpressing neurons. The functional impact of GLUA1 recycling was determined by measuring synaptic activity. Finally, we analyzed alterations in gene expression in SORL1-depleted neurons using RNA sequencing.

Results
We find that as with APP, endosomal trafficking of GLUA1 and TRKB is impaired by loss of SORL1. We show that trafficking of all three cargoes to late endosomes and lysosomes is affected by manipulating SORL1 expression. We also show that depletion of SORL1 significantly impacts the endosomal recycling pathway for APP and GLUA1 at the level of the recycling endosome and trafficking to the cell surface. This has a functional effect on neuronal activity as shown by multi-electrode array (MEA). Conversely, increased SORL1 expression enhances endosomal recycling for APP and GLUA1. Our unbiased transcriptomic data further support SORL1’s role in endosomal recycling. We observe altered expression networks that regulate cell surface trafficking and neurotrophic signaling in SORL1-depleted neurons.

Conclusion
Collectively, and together with other recent observations, these findings suggest that one role for SORL1 is to contribute to endosomal degradation and recycling pathways in neurons, a conclusion that has both pathogenic and therapeutic implications for Alzheimer’s disease.
Map Lattices Coupled by Collisions: Hitting Time Statistics and Collisions Per Lattice Unit
Authors: Bahsoun Wael , Sélley Fanni M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe study map lattices coupled by collision and show how perturbations of transfer operators associated with the spatially periodic approximation of the model can be used to extract information about collisions per lattice unit. More precisely, we study a map on a finite box of L sites with periodic boundary conditions, coupled by collision. We derive, via a non-trivial first-order approximation for the leading eigenvalue of the rare event transfer operator, a formula for the first collision rate and a corresponding first hitting time law. For the former we show that the formula scales at the order of $$L\cdot \varepsilon ^2$$

L
·

ε
2

, where $$\varepsilon $$
ε
is the coupling strength, and for the latter, by tracking the L dependency in our arguments, we show that the error in the law is of order $$O\left( C(L)\frac{L\varepsilon ^2}{\zeta (L)}\cdot \left| \ln \frac{L\varepsilon ^2}{\zeta (L)}\right| \right) $$

O

C

(
L
)

L

ε
2

ζ
(
L
)

·

ln

L

ε
2

ζ
(
L
)

, where $$\zeta (L)$$

ζ
(
L
)

is given in terms of the spectral gap of the rare event transfer operator, and C(L) has an explicit expression. Finally, we derive an explicit formula for the first collision rate per lattice unit.
Resolvent Estimates for Time-Harmonic Maxwell’s Equations in the Partially Anisotropic Case
Authors: Schippa Robert 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe prove resolvent estimates in $$L^p$$

L
p

-spaces for time-harmonic Maxwell’s equations in two spatial dimensions and in three dimensions in the partially anisotropic case. In the two-dimensional case the estimates are sharp up to endpoints. We consider anisotropic permittivity and permeability, which are both taken to be time-independent and spatially homogeneous. For the proof we diagonalize time-harmonic Maxwell’s equations to equations involving Half-Laplacians. We apply these estimates to infer a Limiting Absorption Principle in intersections of $$L^p$$

L
p

-spaces and to localize eigenvalues for perturbations by potentials.
Evaluation of occlusal function during orthognathic therapy
Authors: Wiechens Bernhard , Quast Anja , Klenke Daniela , Brockmeyer Phillipp , Schliephake Henning , Meyer-Marcotty Philipp 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Reduced occlusal function is a main characteristic of orthognathic patients. The present study aimed to investigate the extent of therapy-induced functional improvements in occlusal function using a digital diagnostic method.

Methods
This prospective clinical study included 41 orthognathic patients (24 women and 17 men, median age 27.26 ± 8.2 years) and 10 control patients (5 women and 5 men, median age 29.8 ± 13.5 years) with neutral skeletal and dental configurations. The patients were divided into classes I, II and III based on their cephalometry. Digital occlusal registrations in habitual occlusion in an upright sitting position were taken before (T1) and after (T2) therapy using the T‑Scan Novus (Tekscan, South Boston, MA, USA) application.

Results
Class II and III patients showed a significantly less efficient occlusal pattern than the untreated controls regarding total antagonism (p < 0.001), time of occlusion (p = 0.004), occlusal asymmetry (p = 0.001), anterior antagonism (p < 0.001) and posterior antagonism (p < 0.001). After therapy, the occlusal pattern increased in both therapy groups, where class III patients became indistinguishable from the controls, and class II patients differed only in posterior antagonism (p = 0.035).

Conclusions
The digital occlusal registration method proved to be a useful diagnostic tool and provided new insights into therapeutic effects in orthognathic patients. By precisely adjusting the occlusal function, masticatory performance improved significantly.

Clinical relevance
Severe malocclusion leads to a significantly lower masticatory performance for patients, which can be improved by orthognathic therapy and captured by digital occlusal registration.
Remote ischemic postconditioning protects against crush-induced acute kidney injury via down-regulation of apoptosis and senescence
Authors: Jin Heng , Lin Xiaoxi , Liu Ziquan , Wang Jinqiang , Wang Jinxiang , Zhang Yan , Cao Chao , Chai Yanfen , Shou Songtao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Acute renal failure due to crush syndrome is one of the leading causes of death in disasters. Ischemic Postconditioning (IPC) is a potentially effective strategy to protect against ischemic reperfusion injury, but a few studies noted its protective effect in crush induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Hence, this study investigated the optimal IPC strategy to prevent crush induced AKI and reveal related cellular mechanisms.

Methods
The right lower extremities of rabbits were constantly compressed for 8 h and then performed five cycles of clamping and releasing the femoral artery and vein before depression using a clip. In terms of the duration of clamping and releasing, the animals were randomly divided into 5 groups, Control, IPC-5sec, IPC-30sec, IPC-1min, and IPC-5min groups; 6 rabbits for each group. Biomarkers of inflammation, renal function, renal tubular injury, and muscular injury, apoptosis, and cellular senescence in kidney were detected.

Results
Six hours after decompression, the levels of Serum Creatine (SCr), Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), K+, and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in IPC-1min and IPC-5min groups were lower than Control, with a statistically significant difference. The morphological study of Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) staining demonstrated that 6 h after decompression, IPC-1min can attenuate renal tubular damage renal tubule. Meanwhile, the level of Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) in circulation in the IPC-30sec, IPC-1min, and IPC-5min groups was significantly decreased compared with the Control group, 2 h after decompression. On the other hand, the levels of serum Creatine Kinase (CK) and Myoglobin (Mb), and the morphological change of muscular damage detected by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining in IPC-1min-treated group were significantly lower than Control group 6 hours after decompression. Further results of the cellular mechanism showed that the apoptotic markers of Terminal deoxynucleotidyl Transferase-mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) and Caspase3 and the cell senescent markers of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) and nuclear LAMNB1 have changed significantly in the IPC-1min group, compared with the control group.

Conclusions
Performing 5 cycles of 1-min IPC would be a convenient, time-saving, and effective method to prevent crush-induced AKI by attenuating the release of nephrotoxic substances after decompression and downregulation of the expression of apoptosis and cellular senescence biomarkers.
Exposure to the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol reduces the transport of conjugated bile acids by intestinal Caco-2 cells
Authors: Wang Jingxuan , Bakker Wouter , Zheng Weijia , de Haan Laura , Rietjens Ivonne M. C. M. , Bouwmeester Hans 
Published: February 2022

AbstractConjugated bile acids are synthesized in liver and subsequently secreted into the intestinal lumen from which they are actively reabsorbed and transported back to liver. The efficient enterohepatic circulation of conjugated bile acids is important to maintain homeostasis. The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is a fungal secondary metabolite that contaminates cereal food. Upon human exposure, it can cause intestinal dysfunction. We explored the effects of DON exposure on the intestinal absorption of conjugated bile acids and the expression of bile acid transporters using an in vitro model based on Caco-2 cell layers grown in transwells. Our study shows that the transport rate of taurocholic acid (TCA) is decreased after 48-h pre-exposure of the Caco-2 cells to 2 µM DON, which is a realistic intestinal DON concentration. Exposure to DON downregulates expression of the genes coding for the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT), the ileal bile acid-binding protein (IBABP) and the organic solute transporter α (OSTα), and it counteracts the agonist activity of Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist GW4064 on these genes. In addition, the transport of ten taurine or glycine-conjugated bile acids in a physiological relevant mixture by the intestinal Caco-2 cell layers was decreased after pre-exposure of the cells to DON, pointing at a potential for DON-mediated accumulation of the conjugated bile acids at the intestinal luminal side. Together the results reveal that DON inhibits intestinal bile acid reabsorption by reducing the expression of bile acid transporters thereby affecting bile acid intestinal kinetics, leading to bile acid malabsorption in the intestine. Our study provides new insights into the hazards of DON exposure.
MR imaging detection of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: impact of intravenous contrast administration and reader’s experience on diagnostic performance
Authors: Erber Bernd , Hesse Nina , Glaser Christian , Baur-Melnyk Andrea , Goller Sophia , Ricke Jens , Heuck Andreas 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective
Correct identification of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder (ACS) has an important impact on adequate therapy. The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of intravenous contrast administration and of reader’s experience on sensitivity and specificity of MRI in diagnosing ACS.

Materials and methods
A total of 180 patients were included in a retrospective study: 60 subjects with at least 4 of 5 clinical signs of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder and 120 patients with other shoulder diseases who underwent contrast-enhanced MRI. In a first session, only non-enhanced images and in a second session also contrast-enhanced (CE) series were independently evaluated by three radiologists with various levels of professional experience. Readers were blinded to all clinical information and had to rate the shoulder MRIs for absence or presence of adhesive capsulitis. Data analysis included McNemar’s test, t test, and U test (p < .05).

Results
Using non-enhanced MRI, readers achieved a mean sensitivity of 63.9% and a mean specificity of 86.4%. By additional use of CE sequences, the mean sensitivity (85.5%) and the sensitivity for each reader increased significantly (p = .046, p < .01, p < .001, p = .045) while the improvement in mean specificity was not significant. Reader’s experience had a positive effect on sensitivity and specificity, which was in part but not consistently significant.

Conclusion
The addition of CE sequences can significantly increase the sensitivity of MRI in the diagnosis of ACS. Reader’s experience has shown to be another important factor for the diagnostic outcome.
First-line salvage treatment options for germ cell tumor patients failing stage-adapted primary treatment
Authors: Pfister David , Oechsle Karin , Schmidt Stefanie , Busch Jonas , Bokemeyer Carsten , Heidenreich Axel , Heinzelbecker Julia , Ruf Christian , Winter Christian , Zengerling Friedemann , Kliesch Sabine , Albers Peter , Oing Christoph 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
In this review, we summarize and discuss contemporary treatment standards and possible selection criteria for decision making after failure of adjuvant or first-line cisplatin-based chemotherapy for primarily localized or metastatic germ cell tumors.

Methods
This work is based on a systematic literature search conducted for the elaboration of the first German clinical practice guideline to identify prospective clinical trials and retrospective comparative studies published between Jan 2010 and Feb 2021. Study end points of interest were progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS), relapse rate (RR), and/or safety.

Results
Relapses of clinical stage I (CS I) patients irrespective of prior adjuvant treatment after orchiectomy are treated stage adapted in accordance for primary metastatic patients. Surgical approaches for sole retroperitoneal relapses are investigated in ongoing clinical trials. The appropriate salvage chemotherapy for metastatic patients progressing or relapsing after first-line cisplatin-based chemotherapy is still a matter of controversy. Conventional cisplatin-based chemotherapy is the international guideline-endorsed standard of care, but based on retrospective data high-dose chemotherapy and subsequent autologous stem cell transplantation may offer a 10–15% survival benefit for all patients. Secondary complete surgical resection of all visible residual masses irrespective of size is paramount for treatment success.

Conclusions
Patients relapsing after definite treatment of locoregional disease are to be treated by stage-adapted first-line standard therapy for metastatic disease. Patients with primary advanced/metastatic disease failing one line of cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy should be referred to GCT expert centers. Dose intensity is a matter of ongoing debate, but sequential high-dose chemotherapy seems to improve patients’ survival.
Role of three-dimensional Doppler ultrasonography and leukemia inhibitory factor from endometrial secretion in predicting endometrial receptivity in IVF treatment: a pilot study
Authors: Sini Ivan , Handayani Nining , Harahap Alida , Boediono Arief , Wiweko Budi , Hadisaputra Wachyu , Soebijanto Soegiharto , Aprilliana Tri , Polim Arie A. , Pradana Aryando 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This pilot study aimed to evaluate the potential synergistic role of three-dimensional power Doppler angiography ultrasound and the expression of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) protein in predicting the endometrial receptivity of fresh In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF) cycles.

Materials and methods
This prognostic cohort study involved 29 good prognosis women who underwent fresh IVF cycles with fresh blastocysts transfer. Serial measurements of sub-endometrial parameters including vascularity index (VI), flow index (FI), and vascularization flow index (VFI) were conducted consecutively via power Doppler angiography on the day of oocyte maturation trigger, oocyte retrieval, and blastocyst transfer. Aspiration of endometrial secretion was performed on the day of embryo transfer.

Results
The mean index of VI and VFI on the trigger and oocyte retrieval day and also LIF protein concentration at the window of implantation were significantly higher in clinically pregnant women than that of the non-pregnant women (p < 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of VI and VFI was shown to have a powerful predictive value to forecast receptive endometrium on either trigger day (0.788 and 0.813, respectively) or oocyte retrieval day (0.813 and 0.818). Likewise, LIF concentration on the day of embryo transfer was adequate to become a predictor for endometrial receptivity (AUC 0.874). A combination of the VI and VFI on the trigger day and LIF concentration at specific cut-off values (VI > 5.381, VFI > 1.483, LIF 703.5 pg/mL) produced an algorithm with high AUC (0.881) and high specificity (94.4%) for an adequate prediction of non-receptive endometrium.

Conclusion
VI and VFI index assessed on maturation trigger day and the expression of LIF protein concentration at the window of implantation provided sufficient information to predict endometrial receptivity. A large randomized control trial is needed to validate these findings.