bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coping with stress during the COVID-19 pandemic in the oldest-old population
Authors: Gerhards Sina Kathrin , Pabst Alexander , Röhr Susanne , Luppa Melanie , Riedel-Heller Steffi G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe aim of the study is to investigate psychosocial factors that are associated with positive and negative coping with stress, as well as with worries about and perceived threat by COVID-19 to enable us to provide adequate support for oldest-old individuals. A paper–pencil-based survey assessed COVID-19 worries and perceived threat, depression, anxiety, somatization, social support, loneliness, resilience, positive and negative coping in a sample of n = 197 oldest-old individuals (78–100 years). Linear multivariate and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted. Individuals with high levels of resilience were more likely to feel self-efficient when coping with stress. High levels of depression, anxiety and loneliness were associated with feeling more helpless when coping with stress. However, oldest-old individuals who felt lonely also experienced situations where they felt competent in stress coping. Being male and experiencing high levels of social support was more likely associated with high levels of worries due to COVID-19. Increased age and higher levels of depression were associated with lower levels of perceived personal threat, whereas higher somatization scores were more likely associated with higher perceived personal threat. Findings suggest that mental health factors may shape the way oldest-old individuals cope with pandemic-related stress. Resilience might be an important factor to take into account when targeting an improvement in positive coping with stress. Oldest-old individuals who have higher levels of depression, anxiety and feel lonely may be supported by adapting their coping skill repertoire to reduce the feeling of helplessness when coping with stress.
Efficiency Investment and Curtailment Action
Authors: Matsumoto Shigeru , Sugeta Hajime 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHouseholds’ energy-saving activities are often categorized into efficiency investment and curtailment action, which previous studies have analyzed separately, even though households use both activity types simultaneously. In this study, we develop an energy-saving model based on a household production framework to show how these two activities are related. Our household production framework predicts that a household uses energy efficiency investment and curtailment action jointly and not alternatively. Specifically, a household that invests heavily in energy efficiency spends more time on curtailment action . Our empirical analysis uses micro-level data from the Survey on Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Households in Japan to examine the validity of this prediction in a real-world setting. We compare the intensities of curtailment actions by households that keep using old appliances beyond the appropriate replacement period with those by households that use appliances within an appropriate replacement cycle. Our empirical results reveal that the former households, which do not invest in energy efficiency adequately, are less engaged in curtailment actions than the latter households, which invest in energy efficiency adequately. Therefore, the empirical results support the theoretical prediction.
Antimicrobial, and Antibiofilm Activities of Silver Doped Hydroxyapatite: A Novel Bioceramic Material for Dental Filling
Authors: Elbasuney Sherif , El-Sayyad Gharieb S. , Radwan Sara M. , Correa-Duarte Miguel A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEven though hydroxyapatite (HA) is the most common biocompatible material; it has limited antibacterial resistance. HA experiences a tailor-made structure depending on the desired applications. In this regard, silver (Ag) is of particular interest to inhibit wide spectrum of pathogenic bacteria and other microorganisms. Silver doped hydroxyapatite (Ag-HA) was developed via wet co-precipitation with subsequent hydrothermal processing to hinder the growth and multiplication of pathogenic microbes. Ag-HA demonstrated mono-dispersed nano-rods of 70 nm length and 7 nm diameters. Even though silver dopant induced stresses within the crystal lattice; Ag-HA maintained the crystallographic structure of HA with no change. Ag-HA nanocomposite demonstrated Ca/P value of 1.238 compared with 1.402 for virgin HA via XPS spectroscopy. The reduction of Ca/P value was correlated to the partial replacement of Ca+2 with Ag+1; Silver content was reported to be of 1 atomic %. Elemental mapping using EDAX confirmed uniform dispersion of silver ion within HA lattice. Antimicrobial results indicated that, Ag-HA nanocomposite demonstrated the most potent zone of inhibition (ZOI) against Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. Antibiofilm results indicated that Ag-HA nanocomposite at 10.0 µg/mL, experienced the highest percentage for S. aureus and C. albicans of 96.09%, and 77.77%, respectively. Ag-HA nanocomposite demonstrated an excellent disinfectant agent once it had excited by UV light. In growth curve assay, the OD600 value of Ag- HA were lower, showing the repression impact on the growth of S. aureus. It was observed that the quantity of cellular protein discharged from S. aureus is directly proportional to the concentration of Ag-HA, which proves the antibacterial characteristics of the Ag-HA nanocomposite, and explains the creation of holes in the bacterial membrane producing the oozing out of the proteins from the S. aureus cytoplasm. Ag-HA nanocomposite achieved the complete lysis of the bacterial cell and cell malformation, decreasing the total viable number, so the outstanding antimicrobial results encouraged the tooth filling biomedical applications.

Graphical Abstract
The ‘false hope’ argument in discussions on expanded access to investigational drugs: a critical assessment
Authors: Hordijk Marjolijn , Vermeulen Stefan F. , Bunnik Eline M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhen seriously ill patients reach the end of the standard treatment trajectory for their condition, they may qualify for the use of unapproved, investigational drugs regulated via expanded access programs. In medical-ethical discourse, it is often argued that expanded access to investigational drugs raises ‘false hope’ among patients and is therefore undesirable. We set out to investigate what is meant by the false hope argument in this discourse. In this paper, we identify and analyze five versions of the false hope argument which we call: (1) the limited chance at benefit argument, (2) the side effects outweighing benefits argument, (3) the opportunity costs argument, (4) the impossibility of making informed decisions argument, and (5) the difficulty of gaining access argument. We argue that the majority of these five versions do not provide normative ground for disqualifying patients’ hopes as false. Only when hope is rooted in a mistaken belief, for example, about the likelihood of benefits or chances on medical risks, or when hope is directed at something that cannot possibly be obtained, should it be considered false. If patients are adequately informed about their odds of obtaining medical benefit, however small, and about the risks associated with an investigational treatment, it is unjustified to consider patients’ hopes to be false, and hence, to deny them access to investigational drug based on that argument.
Chronic pain as a blind spot in the diagnosis of a depressed society. On the implications of the connection between depression and chronic pain for interpretations of contemporary society
Authors: Koesling Dominik , Bozzaro Claudia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOne popular description of current society is that it is a depressed society and medical evidence about depression’s prevalence may well make such an estimation plausible. However, such normative-critical assessments surrounding depression have to date usually operated with a one-sided understanding of depression. This understanding widely neglects the various ways depression manifests as well as its comorbidities. This becomes evident at the latest when considering one of depression’s most prominent and well-known comorbidities: chronic pain. Against this background, we aim in this article to substantiate our leading claim that the phenomenal interconnection between depression and chronic pain must be acknowledged in the global diagnosis of a depressive society. Thus, we argue here for a complementation of the dominant interpretation of a depressed society. This would support the overcoming of oversimplified images and estimations about depression in current society and further, help to recognize chronic pain properly on the larger scale of assessments that address society as a whole.
Phytochemistry and pharmacology of sea buckthorn (Elaeagnus rhamnoides; syn. Hippophae rhamnoides): progress from 2010 to 2021
Authors: Żuchowski Jerzy 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSea buckthorn (Elaeagnus rhamnoides; syn. Hippophae rhamnoides) is a thorny shrub or a small tree belonging to the Elaeagnaceae family, native to Eurasia. Sea buckthorn fruit is rich in vitamins and minerals, oils from the seeds and fruit flesh find use in medicine and the cosmetic industry or as nutraceutical supplements. Fruit, leaves and other parts of buckthorn have been used in traditional medicine, especially in China, Tibet, Mongolia, and Central Asia countries, and are a rich source of many bioactive substances. Due to its health-promoting and medicinal properties, the plant has been extensively investigated for several decades, and its phytochemical composition and pharmacological properties are well characterized. The years 2010–2021 brought significant progress in phytochemical research on sea buckthorn. Dozens of new compounds, mainly phenolics, were isolated from this plant. Numerous pharmacological studies were also performed, investigating diverse aspects of the biological activity of different extracts and natural products from sea buckthorn. This review focuses on the progress in research on sea buckthorn specialized metabolites made in this period. Pharmacological studies on sea buckthorn are also discussed. In addition, biosynthetic pathways of the main groups of these compounds have been shortly described.
Graphical abstract
Quantifying the life-cycle health impacts of a cobalt-containing lithium-ion battery
Authors: Arvidsson Rickard , Chordia Mudit , Nordelöf Anders 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been criticized for contributing to negative social impacts along their life cycles, especially child labor and harsh working conditions during cobalt extraction. This study focuses on human health impacts — arguably the most fundamental of all social impacts. The aim is to quantify the potential life-cycle health impacts of an LIB cell of the type nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC 811) in terms of disability-adjusted life years (DALY), as well as to identify hotspots and ways to reduce the health impacts.

Methods
A cradle-to-gate attributional life-cycle assessment study is conducted with the functional unit of one LIB cell and human health as the sole endpoint considered. The studied LIB is produced in a large-scale “gigafactory” in Sweden, the cobalt sulfate for the cathode is produced in China, and the cobalt raw material is sourced from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Potential health impacts from both emissions and occupational accidents are quantified in terms of DALY, making this an impact pathway (or type II) study with regard to social impact assessment. Two scenarios for fatality rates in the artisanal cobalt mining in the DRC are considered: a high scenario at 2000 fatalities/year and a low scenario at 65 fatalities/year.

Results
Applying the high fatality rate, occupational accidents in the artisanal cobalt mining in the DRC contribute notably to the total life-cycle health impacts of the LIB cell (13%). However, emissions from production of nickel sulfate (used in the cathode) and of copper foil (the anode current collector) contribute even more (30% and 20%, respectively). These contributions are sensitive to the selected time horizon of the life-cycle assessment, with longer or shorter time horizons leading to considerably increased or decreased health impacts, respectively.

Conclusions
In order to reduce the health impacts of the studied LIB, it is recommended to (i) investigate the feasibility of replacing the copper foil with another material able to provide anode current collector functionality, (ii) reduce emissions from metal extraction (particularly nickel and copper), (iii) increase the recycled content of metals supplied to the LIB manufacturing, and (iv) improve the occupational standards in artisanal mining in the DRC, in particular by reducing fatal accidents.
Boundary Conditions Cause Different Generic Bifurcation Structures in Turing Systems
Authors: Woolley Thomas E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTuring’s theory of morphogenesis is a generic mechanism to produce spatial patterning from near homogeneity. Although widely studied, we are still able to generate new results by returning to common dogmas. One such widely reported belief is that the Turing bifurcation occurs through a pitchfork bifurcation, which is true under zero-flux boundary conditions. However, under fixed boundary conditions, the Turing bifurcation becomes generically transcritical. We derive these algebraic results through weakly nonlinear analysis and apply them to the Schnakenberg kinetics. We observe that the combination of kinetics and boundary conditions produce their own uncommon boundary complexities that we explore numerically. Overall, this work demonstrates that it is not enough to only consider parameter perturbations in a sensitivity analysis of a specific application. Variations in boundary conditions should also be considered.
Landslide-tunnel interaction mechanism and numerical simulation during tunnel construction: a case from expressway in Northwest Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Fan Jiawei , Zhang Yufang , Zhou Wenjiao , Yin Chuan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe excavation of the tunnel on the expressway in northwest Yunnan province induced landslide and a series problem such as ground surface cracks of the slope, sliding of the slope, and cracks in the tunnel lining. This research aims to reveal the interaction relationship between the tunnel and the landslide from the prospective of field monitoring and numerical simulation. Firstly, the engineering geological conditions of the slope where the tunnel was located were obtained by field investigation. The “landslide traction segment-tunnel longitudinal tensile failure” mode was put forward based on the spatial relationship between the tunnel and the landslide. Secondly, field monitoring methods were adopted to monitor the surface displacement of the slope, the deep-seated displacement of the landslide, and the propagation of cracks in the tunnel lining. Finally, three-dimensional numerical models were established to investigate the stability of the slope and the tunnel under natural conditions, tunnel excavation conditions, and rainfall conditions. The field investigation results, field monitoring results, and numerical simulation results illustrated that: (1) The tunnel traversed the traction segment of the landslide body in parallel, and tensile failure or shear dislocation failure would occur at different stages of the interaction between the tunnel and the landslide. (2) Two sliding layers were discovered in the landslide, the shallow creep sliding layer and the deep creep sliding layer, which corresponded to the tensile failure and shear dislocation failure modes proposed in the “landslide traction segment-tunnel longitudinal tensile failure” mode, respectively. (3) The slope was in an unstable state under natural conditions. The tunnel excavation disrupted the initial stress equilibrium of the slope, resulting in stress release of the surrounding rock mass. Both excavation and rainfall would exacerbate the deformation of the landslide and the tunnel. Eventually, control measures based on the control grouting technology of the steel floral tubes were suggested to counter with landslide-tunnel deformation problems.
Observations on flower and fruit anatomy in dioecious species of Cordia (Cordiaceae, Boraginales) with evolutionary interpretations
Authors: Pätzold Janin , Feyrer Benedikt , Saumweber Johanna , Hilger Hartmut H. , Gottschling Marc 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDetailed anatomical studies of flowers and fruits may render traits of phylogenetic importance, but are still rare in the Boraginales. An Old World clade of Cordia comprises many dioecious species, but the floral anatomy is largely unexplored and, hence, the structural basis for sex separation. Fresh material of buds, functionally unisexual flowers and fruits were studied using a stack shot camera. Fixed such material of Cordia crenata, C. cf. grandicalyx and C. sinensis was sectioned using a microtome and stained with safranin red and astra blue, and the gynoecial surface was studied using SEM. The stamens of the female flowers are largely intact, but do not produce pollen, whereas the gynoecium of the male flowers is highly reduced though develops ovules lacking an embryo sac. The morphologically rather unreduced stamens of the female flower may have undergone a shift of function from producing pollen towards attracting pollinators by optical signals. The outer parenchyma of the gynoecium is strongly stained and after fertilisation, one through three ovules are maturing towards seeds. The presence of more than a single seed enclosed in the undivided endocarp is rare in Cordiaceae.
Krafttraining als Verhaltenspräventionsmaßnahme bei berufsbedingten muskuloskeletalen Beschwerden
Authors: Holzgreve Fabian , Schulte Lisa , Germann Ute , Wanke Eileen M. 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungEin Krafttraining kann die von muskuloskeletalen Beschwerden betroffene Körperregion durch gezielte Kräftigung der dazugehörigen Muskulatur stärken und kann somit diesen Beschwerden, aber auch Fehlhaltungen entgegenwirken. Ziel ist die Stabilisierung und Kräftigung des Muskel-Skelett-Systems, sodass eine erhöhte Belastbarkeit erreicht werden kann. In diesem Beitrag werden zunächst allgemeine Grundsätze zum Krafttraining vorgestellt samt der dazugehörigen Belastungsnormative und deren methodischen Umsetzungsprinzipien. Anschließend wird das Krafttraining als verhaltenspräventive Maßnahme im Rahmen von erfolgreich durchgeführten Untersuchungen bei verschiedenen Berufsgruppen zur Therapie berufsbedingter Muskel-Skelett-Beschwerden vorgestellt und somit in den aktuellen Wissensstand dieser Thematik eingeordnet. Es zeigt sich, dass solche Interventionen am Arbeitsplatz einen positiven Effekt auf die Gesundheit der Arbeitnehmenden haben.
When utilitarianism dominates justice as fairness: an economic defence of utilitarianism from the original position
Authors: Chung Hun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe original position together with the veil of ignorance have served as one of the main methodological devices to justify principles of distributive justice. Most approaches to this topic have primarily focused on the single person decision-theoretic aspect of the original position. This paper, in contrast, will directly model the basic structure and the economic agents therein to project the economic consequences and social outcomes generated either by utilitarianism or Rawls’s two principles of justice. It will be shown that when the differences in people’s productive abilities are sufficiently great, utilitarianism dominates Rawls’s two principles of justice by providing a higher level of overall well-being to every member of society. Whenever this is the case, the parties can rely on the Principle of Dominance (which is a direct implication of instrumental rationality) to choose utilitarianism over Rawls’s two principles of justice. Furthermore, when this is so, utilitarianism is free from one of its most fundamental criticisms that it ‘does not take seriously the distinction between persons’ (Rawls 1971 [1999]: 24).
Is there any suitable habitat left for the Critically Endangered Gurney’s Pitta’s in Thailand? Implications for species management
Authors: Savini Tommaso , Gale George A. , Sukumal Niti 
Published: August 2022

SummarySevere habitat loss has been widely suggested as the main cause for the near disappearance of Gurney’s Pitta across its range, with the species having been functionally extirpated from Thailand, and heavily reduced in Myanmar. Here we provide an overview of the decline in available habitat in the Thai portion of the range and the species prospects for reintroduction anywhere in Thailand. Little suitable habitat for the species has remained in the Thai part of its range since 1986, when the species was rediscovered and it has since declined to a level where viable populations cannot be found. Lowland forest (<150 m asl) has been heavily fragmented with most remaining habitat found in patches smaller than 1 km2and only 13 ranging between 1 and 5 km2. Under current conditions, viable populations of the species cannot be reintroduced into the wild. However, maintaining a free-ranging, captive population may be possible as several of the remaining small habitat patches are legally protected, although they would require substantial management.