bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Testosterone and Lactate Values from Flywheel Ergometry: Effect of Contractile Mode and Work Volume
Authors: Caruso John F. , Urquhart Melissa A. , Giebel Rachel M. , Barbosa Amanda G. , Craig Christy E. , Mason Melissa L. , Unruh Kayla D. , Borgsmiller Jake A. , Potter William T. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
In-flight resistive exercise workouts are performed on novel flywheel-based hardware. Designs of such workouts may be better served by measuring changes to lactate and testosterone values. To make workouts pertinent to μg they should utilize unique features of flywheel-based hardware, such as the option to exert eccentric torque. Our study compares changes to blood lactate and testosterone concentrations ([BLa-], [T]) from leg press workouts that differ by contractile mode and work volume, on a flywheel ergometer. Subjects performed three workouts; two entailed two sets of concentric-eccentric (CE2) or concentric-only (CO2) actions. A third involved four sets of concentric-only actions (CO4). Workouts entailed eight-repetition sets with 90-second rest periods. Total work (TW) was quantified per workout. [T] were assessed, both pre- and post-exercise. [BLa-] were measured pre- and at 0-, 5-, 10-, 15-, and 20-minutes post-exercise. TW was assessed with a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). [BLa-] and [T] were evaluated with two- and three-factor ANOVAs, respectively. Scheffe’s test was our post-hoc. TW data had an inter-workout (CE2, CO4 > CO2) difference. [BLa-] included a two-way interaction as CO4 workouts evoked higher post-exercise values. Results for [T] produced gender (men > women) and time (post > pre) main effects. Our results imply flywheel-based workouts with a large volume of concentric actions evoke no greater increase in [T] than workouts with only half the muscle shortening activity, despite attainment of higher TW and post-workout [BLa-].
Antioxidant and antifungal activities of essential oils from Algerian spontaneous plants against five strains of Fusarium spp.
Authors: Elhouiti F. , Benabed K.H. , Tahri D. , Ouinten M. , Yousfi M. 
Published: January 2022

Summary
The present study evaluates the antioxidant and antifungal effects of essential oils (EOs) from Thymus vulgaris, Thymus algeriensis, Mentha piperita, Mentha pulegium, Artemisia herba-alba and Artemisia campestris, on five strains of Fusarium. The chemical composition of EOs of T. vulgaris, T. algeriensis, A. herba-alba, M. piperita and M. pulegium is characterized by a dominance of the family of oxygenated monoterpenes with 73.85%, 59.41%, 70.01%, 60.01% and 87.2%, respectively. On the other hand, the EO of A. campestris showed a diverse composition by similar percentages between all families. The two strains BD17 and INRA 349 were found to be resistant to low concentrations of EOs from T. algeriensis, A. campestris and A. herba-alba, sensitive to EOs of M. pulegium and M. piperita and very sensitive to T. vulgaris EO (0.25 μl/ml). A high antioxidant effect was recorded by T. vulgaris EO in BCB assay with an effective concentration (0.5 mg/ml) 3 to 60 times higher compared to the other EOs tested. This antioxidant capacity of T. vulgaris EO was also recorded with DPPH assay at an EC50=1.41 mg/ml.
Temporary migration as a mechanism for lasting cultural change: evidence from Nepal
Authors: Janzen Sarah , Noray Savannah 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
When a husband migrates, his wife may control more household resources and therefore change how the household spends income. Given the prevalence of seasonal migration in developing countries, even these temporary changes could affect economic development. The extent to which these changes persist after migration spells will magnify these consequences. Using panel data on rural households in Nepal, we examine how a husband's migration interacts with intrahousehold decision-making and consumption patterns both during and after migration spells. We find that a husband's absence is associated with a 10 percentage point increase in the expenditure decisions over which the wife has full control. This coincides with a shift away from expenditures on alcohol and tobacco in favor of children's clothing and education. Importantly, we find that migrant husbands resume their role in decisions following their return, but decisions are more likely to be made jointly. These persistent effects are consistent with a model in which households are pushed to a new, more-equitable equilibrium and then are driven to form habits, which, in turn, cause the new equilibrium to stick, thus facilitating long-term cultural change in gender norms.
Review on Anastomotic Leak Rate after ICG Angiography during Minimally Invasive Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Yotsov Tsanko I. , Karamanliev Martin P. , Maslyankov Svilen I. , Dimitrov Dobromir D. 
Published: January 2022

Summary
Colorectal cancer is the 3rd most common type of cancer worldwide. The most devastating complication after colorectal surgery remains the anastomotic leak (AL). Many techniques have been developed to reduce its rate. One such new method is perfusion angiography using indocyanine green (ICG). A literary search in PUBMED on 1.03.2021 for full-text English articles published between 2014 and 2021 was performed. ICG, colorectal cancer, and angiography were the keywords we used. The review was performed following the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The literature search yielded 27 results when searching the database of PUBMED with the above keywords. Twenty-one out of 27 identified articles were included. Six were excluded from the analysis – four case reports, one review on the evolution of treating gastrointestinal cancers, and one containing no information on AL rate with ICG. One included article was RCT, sixteen were cohort studies, and four were meta-analyses or reviews. All articles reported a reduction in the anastomotic leak rate. However, the reduction was significant only in nine of them. Anastomotic leak is a severe complication and a subject of extensive research. Perfusion angiography with ICG is a step towards predicting and preventing AL, although it does not guarantee success in all cases.
Central Bank Intervention in the Inflation Targeting
Authors: Krušković Borivoje D. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper analyses the impact of central bank interventions in the inflation targeting regime. The results of empirical studies in this paper show if there is a shock of the exchange rate, which would lead to depreciation of the exchange rate, a central bank may decide to mush instability on the foreign exchange market with foreign exchange interventions, thereby preventing the sudden exchange rate depreciation, which would then require a smaller reaction by the interest rate. Namely, through foreign exchange interventions, the central bank greatly absorbs the depreciation shock and, consequently, inflation is lower. As a result of lower price growth, the need for a monetary policy response to an interest rate is also lower. Based on this example, we can see that central bank intervention in some cases can be very useful in order to correct disturbances in the foreign exchange market. Therefore, some central banks accumulate foreign exchange reserves at a very high level so as to have enough space for foreign exchange intervention, without the risk of falling foreign exchange reserves below the optimum level.
Landscape Changes of Rural Protected Landscape Areas in Czechia: From Arable Land to Permanent Grassland – From Old to New Unification?
Authors: Janík Tomáš , Skokanová Hana , Borovec Roman , Romportl Dušan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The Czech rural landscape is a subject of research because it is affected by both intensification and extensification of land cover. This landscape was influenced in recent decades by political and socio-economic changes; we studied how these changes were reflected in the land cover development in protected areas. We selected ten Protected landscape areas (PLAs) with a significant share of open agricultural landscape and focused on land cover changes from the 1950s till the present with four milestones (1950s, 1990, 2004-2006, 2016-2019). Based on vectorised land cover data, analyses of land cover changes, land cover flows and landscape structure were performed.
More than one third of the studied area had changed. Forests dominated and enlarged its extent (from 39 % to 47 %); land cover flow (LCF) from arable land to permanent grassland was the largest process during study period (17% of study area) and it expanded after 1990. Other major LCF is forest spreading on permanent grassland (5 %) and arable land (3 %).
Trends of landscape metrics describing landscape structure are ambiguous and differ between PLAs. In total, Shannon’s diversity index (SDI), Shannon’s evenness index (SEI), and Mean Patch Size (MPS) increased and Number of Patches (NumP) decreased. SDI and SEI show improvement through time; however increasing anthropogenic areas are considered as factor contributing to this positive trend, despite the negative role of these categories in ecological stability. MPS and NumP show ongoing homogenization and unification of the landscape; however it differs between PLAs, with some having more favourable conditions and trends towards higher landscape heterogeneity.
To conclude, homogenous landscape structure remains present in Czech rural PLAs; however, there has been a huge shift to more extensive agricultural land cover, which is similar to some European protected areas.
Dansens dannende potensial
Authors: Olsen Birgitte Kaufmann 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this presentation is to communicate the main arguments from my master’s thesis, «The Liberal Learning Potential in Dance» (Olsen 2019). The thesis focuses on the potential and power that lies in dance and dance teaching in connection with liberal learning, defined as human growth at folk high schools. I present the four liberal learning potentials in dance that formed the basis for the thesis and their relation to the experiences of previous students, as well as the didactic thinking of my colleagues and I. This thesis brings new knowledge about what liberal learning in/through dance can be. This is of relevance both to the context of folk high school in particular and to the wider discussion of aesthetic subjects in society and the school system. Norwegian schools, like folk high schools, have a mission to facilitate human growth. This thesis is a voice that indirectly speaks of the place of dance in Norwegian schools and teacher education from a liberal learning perspective.
Pairing Degree-WH Clauses in Mandarin
Authors: Zhang Niina Ning 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In Mandarin, if two-degree wh-question-like clauses are combined, the wh-phrases do not have a question reading. This paper argues that such a paired-wh declarative is an equative comparison construction, like the as…as equative in English, and the first clause denotes the standard of the comparison. Such declaratives, like a degree comparison construction, are derived by the occurrence of a comparison quantifier, and predicate abstraction applies to each clause. The paired wh-forms are the variables. This research shows that Mandarin does have degree quantificational comparison constructions, and it is possible for both clauses of a comparison construction to have a wh-form.
A Visual Misalignment of Modernity. Documentary Photography of Contemporary Urban Transformation in Shanghai
Authors: Sun Haode 
Published: January 2022

The built environment of contemporary Shanghai has accumulated relatively continuous historical fragments, providing a unique, complete and diachronic sample of urban transformation for documentary photography. As an objective and material fact, how the transformation has become a subjective and cultural fact that was visualized by photography remains a significant issue.
A series of art movements in China since 1976 thrived the individual’s expression, artistic or documentary, by photography. Before long, the unprecedented and nationwide urbanization realizing the comprehensive modernization after the Reform and Opening up Policy in 1978 has far surpassed the construction of the past. During the urbanization in Shanghai, architectural spectacles and highly mixed urban development has emerged, meanwhile, the historical trace of everyday life has inevitably either vanished or transformed. It is a significant interaction between the material transformation pursuing the Chinese subjective modernity by codifying “Plans” to realize the comprehensive modernization and the visualization of the specific spatial impact that reconstructed everyday life underlying the overall transformation.
Concentrating on three representative and sequential photographers whose long-term documentation illustrated the urban transformation in contemporary Shanghai: Guo Bo acted as a professional architect and a photographer as well who depicted the everyday life in vanishing residential lanes “Lilong” after the Reform; Lu Yuanmin delved into the street and gleaned the surreal micro-reactions during the transformation; And Xi Zi applied his lens to produce an urban specimen of the remaining existence of the crumbling residential housing amongst new developing areas, this paper discusses how the visual misalignment as a distinct feature and approach of the recognition of the urban transformation was revealed by documentary photography.
Although focusing on different motifs, their representations with self-consciousness as an intertextuality of urban transformation demonstrated a common sense that brought the overall transformation as a material fact of the comprehensive modernization in Shanghai back to everyday experience as a cultural fact. The coherence and distance, the intimacy and indifference, the familiarity and strangeness in the documentation endeavor sensitively to represent the visual experience of modernity in everyday life which reveals a phenomenon of misalignment in visual culture of the urban transformation in Shanghai.
Pola Pertumbuhan Lactobacillus sp. F213 Selama Fermentasi Pada Sari Buah Terung Belanda (Solanum betaceum Cav.)
Authors: Wya Saraswati Puspasecca , Nocianitri Komang Ayu , Hapsari Arihantana Ni Made Indri 
Published: January 2022

The objective of this research was to determine the growth pattern of Lactobacillus sp. F213 during fermentation in tamarillo juice (Solanum betaceum Cav.) and to obtain the fermentation time that showed optimal growth. This research used a Completely Randomized Design with fermentation time (0 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 16 hours, 20 hours, 24 hours, 28 hours and 32 hours) as a treatment. Each treatment was repeated 2 times to obtain 18 experimental units. Variable observed were total LAB, total sugar, total acid and pH. The data results were analysed with quantitative descriptive methods The results of this study indicated that the growth pattern of Lactobacillus sp. F213 in tamarillo juice during fermentation in 0–4 hours was in the lag phase, fermentation time of 8-12 hours was in an exponential growth phase or log phase, fermentation time of 16–20 hours was in the stationary phase and at the fermentation time of 24–32 hours was in the death phase. The optimal growth was obtained at 20 hours of fermentation time with a total value of
LAB 9,08 Log CFU/ml.
Kooperacyjny styl kierowania w służbach mundurowych na przykładzie funkcjonariuszy Straży Granicznej
Authors: Młodzik Lilla 
Published: January 2022

Obecnie niemożliwe jest rozumienie organizacji działających w sferze bezpieczeństwa oraz współczesne zarządzanie nimi bez uwzględniania kategorii współdziałania. Sprawność działania oznacza dziś korzystanie z pojawiających się w otoczeniu szans oraz niwelowanie zagrożeń; to taka cecha działania, która łączy się z realizacją klasycznych funkcji zarządzania poprzez różnego rodzaju zależności, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem koordynacji działań dla realizacji wspólnego celu. Niezbędna jest w tym względzie rola kierownicza. W formacjach mundurowych rola przywódcy jest o wiele bardziej skomplikowana, niż w sektorze prywatnym. Czy można w nich mówić o stylu kooperacyjnym i czy jest on zależny od płci? Rozwinięcie wspomnianego problemu stanowi przedmiot niniejszego tekstu.
تطبيق طريقة المباشرة في تحسين مهارة الكلام لتلاميذة اللغة العربية
Authors: Sitompul Tukma Putri , Pulungan Muhammad Yusuf 
Published: January 2022

Maharatul kalam merupakan salah satu maharah dalam Bahasa Arab yang di anggap penting dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Arab, untuk mengajarakan maharatul kalam maka metode yang digunakan adalah motode langsung. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui peningkatan maharatul kalam dengan penggunaan metode langsung. Metode yang dipakai adalah metode penelitian tindakan kelas. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan hasil pembelajaran maharatul kalam pada siswa setelah menerapkan metode langsung ini, hal ini bisa terlihat dari perbedaan hasil belajar maharatul kalam sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan tindakan; nilai siswa sebelum dilakukan tindakan 52 , 94 % stelah dilakukan tindakan pada siklus pertama maka nilai rata-rata siswa meningkat menjadi 54, 84 % dan setelah dilaksanakan siklus kedua maka hasil belajar siswa lebih meningkat mencapai 88, 23 %
Gestión migratoria en Colombia y éxodo de venezolanos desde una mirada departamental en el eje cafetero
Authors: Gómez Gutiérrez Abel , Calderón Restrepo Isabela , Montoya Álvarez Juan José 
Published: January 2022

En la última década, la crisis política, social y económica de Venezuela ha provocado un éxodo gradual de venezolanos hacia distintos países de América Latina. La vecindad de Venezuela con Colombia y las múltiples relaciones transfronterizas que unen, y en ocasiones han causado conflictos, a estos dos países se han intensificado en Colombia por la llegada y permanencia de casi dos millones de venezolanos. Al respecto, en este artículo se analiza los cambios en la gestión y política migratoria de Colombia para enfrentar el intenso éxodo de venezolanos y las estrategias del gobierno colombiano para concientizar a su población. Aunque el alcance del éxodo es generalizado en los 32 departamentos de Colombia, se parte de una región específica que incluye los tres departamentos y las ciudades principales del Eje Cafetero: Caldas, Risaralda y Quindío, con el fin de explicar la situación de los migrantes venezolanos, residentes en este territorio. Toda vez que la dinámica del éxodo implica al gobierno y a la sociedad colombiana, se considera la percepción de la población receptora, para cruzar información sobre la gestión migratoria de Colombia en relación con el éxodo venezolano. Independientemente de lo compacto del territorio de la región del Eje Cafetero, por sus antecedentes formativos, se establece que en los tres departamentos existen distintos comportamientos e identidades sociales, y que éstos se manifiestan en las actitudes y en la percepción de apertura de la población colombiana hacia los migrantes venezolanos.
Palabras clave: Gestión migratoria, Éxodo venezolano, Migración y Política migratoria
AK-TEKKE IN KARAMAN: TO THE QUESTION OF THE ORIGIN OF THE COMPOSITION
Authors: Кононенко Е.И. 
Published: January 2022

Ак-текке (1370) - мемориальный комплекс в Ларенде, столице княжества Караман, на протяжении XIV в. являвшегося главным политическим конкурентом Османов в Анатолии. Композиция центрально-купольной мечети Ак-текке схожа со многими раннеосманскими памятниками, резко выделяясь в общей массе предельно консервативных караманидских культовых построек, однако ее конструктивные достижения намного превосходят возможности мастеров, возводивших синхронные османские сооружения. Отдельные элементы композиции зала Ак-текке заставляют вспомнить позднесельджукские купольные медресе XIII в. и способы расширения пространства в мечетях северо-анатолийских бейликов XIV в. Эта малоизвестная постройка, генетически связанная с архитектурой Конийского султаната, отражает поиски оптимальной композиции мечети анатолийскими зодчими и не могла остаться в стороне от внимания османских архитекторов, особенно учитывая прямой османский архитектурный патронат в Ларенде. Вопрос о происхождении композиции Ак-текке включает выяснение ее места в истории архитектуры Карамана, выявление связи с предшествующей сельджукской и синхронной османской традициями.
Ak-tekke (1370) is a memorial complex in Larend, the capital of the principality of Karaman, which was the main political competitor of the Ottoman state in Anatolia throughout the 14th century. The composition of the central-domed mosque Ak-tekke is similar to many Early Ottoman monuments, standing out sharply in the total mass of extremely conservative Karamanid religious buildings, but its constructive achievements far exceed the capabilities of masters who built synchronous Ottoman buildings. Some elements of the composition of the hall of Ak-tekke are reminiscent of the late Seljuk domed madrasah of the 13th century and the ways of expanding space in the mosques of the North Anatolian beyliks of the 14th century. This little-known construction, genetically related to the architecture of the Rum Sultanate, reflects the search for the optimal composition of the mosque by Anatolian architects and could not stay away from the attention of Ottoman architects, especially considering the direct Ottoman architectural patronage in Larend. The question of the origin of the composition of Ak-tekke includes elucidating its place in the history of Karaman architecture, revealing the connection with the preceeding Seljuk and synchronous Ottoman traditions.
Beijing Traditional Courtyard: problem of renovation
Authors: Шевченко М.Ю. 
Published: January 2022

До конца 40-х годов ХХ века Пекин почти в неизменном виде сохранял свою историческую структуру. Однако со второй половины ХХ века в городе начинается процесс глобальных структурных изменений, который оказался весьма разрушительным для исторического облика столицы. К началу XXI века от старых кварталов уцелела лишь незначительная часть. В последнее время появляется все больше проектов по сохранению и реновации традиционных жилых дворов Пекина - сыхэюаней. Реновация затрагивает как их пространственное решение, так и изменение их функций. Она может следовать логике исторического построения, а может строиться на резком контрасте современного и традиционного. Некоторые проекты предлагают переосмысливать не отдельные жилые дворы, а исторические кварталы в целом, меняя их общую структуру. Пока что процесс носит достаточно хаотичный характер. Тем не менее этот феномен активно проявляет себя уже на протяжении последних десяти лет, что позволяет проследить некоторые тенденции в его развитии.
Until the late 40-ies of the 20century Beijing almost unchanged preserved its historical structure. However, from the second half of the 20century in the city begins the process of global structural changes, which turned out to be very destructive for the historical appearance of the capital. By the beginning of the 21 century from the old quarters only a small part survived. Recently, there is growing project to preserve and renovate traditional residential courtyards of Beijing, called siheyuan. Renovation affects both their spatial structure and the change in their functions. It can follow the logic of historical construction, and can be built on a sharp contrast between modern and traditional. Some projects suggest not re-thinking individual residential yards, but historical quarters in general, changing their overall structure. While this process is quite chaotic, nevertheless, this phenomenon actively manifests itself over the past 10 years, which allows us to trace some trends in its development.