bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes and outcome measurement instruments reported in randomised controlled trials of anxiety disorder treatments in children and adolescents: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Patton Megan C , Desai Riddhi , Noureddine Yasmine , Prebeg Matthew J , Krause Karolin Rose , Vohra Sunita , Butcher Nancy J , Monga Suneeta 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionPaediatric anxiety disorders (AD) are prevalent and persistent mental health conditions worldwide affecting between 10% and 20% of children and adolescents. Despite the high prevalence of paediatric AD, there is limited understanding of which treatments work best. Outcome heterogeneity across paediatric mental health trials has been a significant factor in hindering the ability to compare results and assess the efficacy of such trials. This scoping review will help to identify and synthesise the outcomes reported in paediatric AD trials to date.Methods and analysisFollowing the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology, a comprehensive electronic bibliographic database search (MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL) strategy will be applied to identify articles examining interventions for children diagnosed with an AD. Articles will be eligible for inclusion if they assess at least one AD intervention (eg, psychological), in children 4–18 years of age inclusive. Initial title and abstract screening will be completed by two trained reviewers independently and in duplicate. Full-text screening of each included article will be completed independently and in duplicate by two of three trained reviewers. Identified outcomes will be mapped to a standard outcome taxonomy developed for core outcome sets. Trial and outcome characteristics will be synthesised using quantitative metrics (counts and frequencies).Ethics and disseminationAs this is a scoping review of the literature and patient information or records were not accessed, institutional ethics approval was not required. Results of this scoping review will be disseminated to clinicians, researchers inclusive of trialists and other stakeholders invested in outcome selection, measurement and reporting in paediatric AD trials. In addition, scoping review results will inform the development of a Core Outcome Set for paediatric AD trials—a minimum set of outcomes that should be measured across trials in an area of health, without precluding the inclusion of other outcomes.
Do bisphosphonates and RANKL inhibitors alter the progression of coronary artery calcification? A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Saunders Samantha Louise , Chaudhri Kanika , McOrist Nathan Scott , Gnanenthiran Sonali R , Shalaby Grant 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionWhether bisphosphonates and RANKL inhibitors play a novel role in delaying cardiovascular calcification is unknown. Their action on regulatory enzymes in the mevalonic acid pathway, which is implicated in both bone and lipid metabolism, may be a novel therapeutic target to manage coronary artery disease (CAD). Such therapies may particularly be relevant in those for whom traditional cardiovascular therapies are no longer sufficient to control disease progression.Methods and analysisWe will perform a systematic review which aims to synthesise evidence regarding whether use of bisphosphonates or use of the RANKL inhibitor denosumab delays coronary artery calcium (CAC) progression. Eligible studies will include longitudinal studies investigating CAC progression in patients aged >18 years taking either a bisphosphonate or denosumab compared with those who do not. Embase, MEDLINE and Cochrane will be searched using prespecified search terms. Studies will be screened by title and abstract independently and then in full to determine suitability for inclusion in the review. Extracted data will include that relating to study and participant characteristics. The primary outcome will be the CAC score. Secondary outcomes will include aortic and carotid artery calcification. Meta-analysis will be performed if sufficient data are available.Ethics and disseminationThis study does not require ethics as it is a systematic review of the literature. The results of the review described within this protocol will be distributed via presentations at relevant conferences and publication within a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberThe systematic review pertaining to this protocol is registered with PROSPERO (Registration ID: CRD42022312377).
Living systematic review and meta-analysis of the prostate MRI diagnostic test with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) assessment for the detection of prostate cancer: study protocol
Authors: Oerther Benedict , Schmucker Christine , Schwarzer Guido , Schoots Ivo , Sigle August , Gratzke Christian , Bamberg Fabian , Benndorf Matthias 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionThe Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) standardises reporting of prostate MRI for the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer. We provide the protocol of a planned living systematic review and meta-analysis for (1) diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity and specificity), (2) cancer detection rates of assessment categories and (3) inter-reader agreement.Methods and analysisRetrospective and prospective studies reporting on at least one of the outcomes of interest are included. Each step that requires literature evaluation and data extraction is performed by two independent reviewers. Since PI-RADS is intended as a living document itself, a 12-month update cycle of the systematic review and meta-analysis is planned.This protocol is in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses—Protocols statement. The search strategies including databases, study eligibility criteria, index and reference test definitions, outcome definitions and data analysis processes are detailed. A full list of extracted data items is provided.Summary estimates of sensitivity and specificity (for PI-RADS ≥3 and PI-RADS ≥4 considered positive) are derived with bivariate binomial models. Summary estimates of cancer detection rates are calculated with random intercept logistic regression models for single proportions. Summary estimates of inter-reader agreement are derived with random effects models.Ethics and disseminationNo original patient data are collected, ethical review board approval, therefore, is not necessary. Results are published in peer-reviewed, open-access scientific journals. We make the collected data accessible as supplemental material to guarantee transparency of results.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022343931.
Promoters and inhibitors for quality improvement work in general practice: a qualitative analysis of 2715 free-text replies
Authors: Eide Torunn Bjerve , Øyane Nicolas , Høye Sigurd 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundContinuous quality improvement (QI) is necessary to develop and maintain high quality general practice services. General Practitioners (GPs’) motivation is an important factor in the success of QI initiatives. We aimed to identify factors that impair or promote GPs’ motivation for and participation in QI projects.Material and methodsWe analysed 2715 free-text survey replies from 2208 GPs participating in the QI intervention ‘Correct Antibiotic Use in the Municipalities’. GPs received reports detailing their individual antibiotic prescriptions for a defined period, including a comparison with a corresponding previous period. The content was discussed in peer group meetings. Each GP individually answered work-sheets on three separate time-points, including free-text questions regarding their experiences with the intervention. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsWe identified three overarching themes in the GPs’ thoughts on inhibitors and promoters of QI work: (1) the desire to be a better doctor, (2) structural and organisational factors as both promoters and inhibitors and (3) properties related to different QI measures. The provision of individual prescription data was generally very well received. The participants stressed the importance of a safe peer group, like the Continuous Medical Education group, for discussions, and also underlined the motivating effect of working together with their practice as a whole. Lack of time was essential in GPs’ motivation for QI work. QI tools should be easily available and directly relevant in clinical work.ConclusionThe desire to be good doctor is a strong motivator for improvement, but the framework for general practice must allow for QI initiatives. QI tools must be easily obtainable and relevant for practice. Better tools for obtaining clinical data for individual GPs are needed.
Levetiracetam versus fosphenytoin as a second-line treatment after diazepam for adult convulsive status epilepticus: a multicentre non-inferiority randomised control trial
Authors: Nakamura Kensuke , Marushima Aiki , Takahashi Yuji , Mochizuki Masaki , Kimura Akio , Fukuda Yu , Asami Masahiro , Nakamoto Hidetoshi , Egawa Satoshi , Kaneko Junya , Unemoto Kyoko , Kondo Yutaka , Yonekawa Chikara , Uchida Masatoshi , Hoshiyama Eisei , Yamada Takeshi , Maruo Kazushi , Ishikawa Eiichi , Matsumaru Yuji , Inoue Yoshiaki 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveStatus epilepticus (SE) is an emergency condition for which rapid and secured cessation is crucial. Although fosphenytoin (FPHT) is recommended as a second-line treatment, levetiracetam (LEV) reportedly has similar efficacy, but higher safety. Therefore, we herein compared LEV with FPHT in adult SE.MethodsWe initiated a multicentre randomised control trial in emergency departments with adult patients with convulsive SE. Diazepam was initially administered, followed intravenously by FPHT at 22.5 mg/kg or LEV at 1000–3000 mg. The primary outcome was assigned as the seizure cessation rate within 30 min of the administration of the study drug.ResultsA total of 176 adult patients with SE were enrolled (82 FPHT and 94 LEV), and 3 were excluded from the full analysis set. Seizure cessation rates within 30 min were 83.8% (67/80) in the FPHT group and 89.2% (83/93) in the LEV group. The difference in these rates was 5.5% (95% CI −4.7 to 15.7, p=0.29). The non-inferiority of LEV to FPHT was confirmed with p<0.001 by the Farrington-Manning test. No significant differences were observed in the seizure recurrence rate or intubation rate within 24 hours. Serious adverse events developed in three patients in the FPHT group and none in the LEV group (p=0.061).ConclusionThe efficacy of LEV was similar to that of FPHT for adult SE following the administration of diazepam. LEV may be recommended as a second-line treatment for SE along with phenytoin/FPHT.Trial registration numberjRCTs031190160.
Herbicide use in farming and other jobs in relation to non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) risk
Authors: De Roos Anneclaire J , Fritschi Lin , Ward Mary H , Monnereau Alain , Hofmann Jonathan , Bernstein Leslie , Bhatti Parveen , Benavente Moreno Yolanda , Benke Geza , Casabonne Delphine , Clavel Jacqueline , Cocco Pierluigi , Huynh Tran , 't Mannetje Andrea , Miligi Lucia , Piro Sara , Rothman Nathaniel , Schinasi Leah H , Vajdic Claire M , Wang Sophia S , Zhang Yawei , Slager Susan L , Cerhan James R 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesGiven mixed evidence for carcinogenicity of current-use herbicides, we studied the relationship between occupational herbicide use and risk of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) in a large, pooled study.MethodsWe pooled data from 10 case-control studies participating in the International Lymphoma Epidemiology Consortium, including 9229 cases and 9626 controls from North America, the European Union and Australia. Herbicide use was coded from self-report or by expert assessment in the individual studies, for herbicide groups (eg, phenoxy herbicides) and active ingredients (eg, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), glyphosate). The association between each herbicide and NHL risk was estimated using logistic regression to produce ORs and 95% CIs, with adjustment for sociodemographic factors, farming and other pesticides.ResultsWe found no substantial association of all NHL risk with ever-use of any herbicide (OR=1.10, 95% CI: 0.94 to 1.29), nor with herbicide groups or active ingredients. Elevations in risk were observed for NHL subtypes with longer duration of phenoxy herbicide use, such as for any phenoxy herbicide with multiple myeloma (>25.5 years, OR=1.78, 95% CI: 0.74 to 4.27), 2,4-D with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (>25.5 years, OR=1.47, 95% CI: 0.67 to 3.21) and other (non-2,4-D) phenoxy herbicides with T-cell lymphoma (>6 years, lagged 10 years, OR=3.24, 95% CI: 1.03 to 10.2). An association between glyphosate and follicular lymphoma (lagged 10 years: OR=1.48, 95% CI: 0.98 to 2.25) was fairly consistent across analyses.ConclusionsMost of the herbicides examined were not associated with NHL risk. However, associations of phenoxy herbicides and glyphosate with particular NHL subtypes underscore the importance of estimating subtype-specific risks.
The carbon footprint of a hospice
Authors: Dokal Kitt , Morris Mungo , Spooner Rosie , Perkins Paul 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesEnvironmental sustainability is an important concern within the National Health Service. Compared with other specialties, there has been little research within palliative care. This study aims to calculate the carbon footprint of a specialist palliative care unit.MethodsResources grouped into medical, non-medical, travel, energy and waste were collected for the year 2021 in a hospice in the South West of England. Following a top-down approach, the activity used for each resource was multiplied by an emissions factor to calculate the carbon footprint. Staff attitudes were also surveyed.ResultsThe hospice carbon footprint was calculated as 420 tonnes kgCO2e. Travel (35%) was the highest contributor to emissions followed by gas (33%) and non-medical supplies (17%). There were 95 responses to the staff survey (59% response rate) with strong enthusiasm towards sustainable practices.ConclusionThis is the first study to estimate the carbon footprint of a specialist palliative care unit. Compared with other specialties, palliative care has relatively low greenhouse gas emissions. Identifying sources of carbon equivalent production can be a first step into developing interventions to reduce this use. Our carbon footprint study will be used by the Hospice Sustainability Group to reduce our unit’s carbon footprint.
Beam loss background with magnet errors and beam–beam effect in CEPC
Authors: Bai Sha , Wang Yiwei , Gao Jie 
Published: October 2022

The Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) is a proposed Higgs factory with center-of-mass energy of 240[Formula: see text]GeV to measure the properties of Higgs boson and test the standard model accurately. Beam loss background in detectors is an important topic at CEPC. During manufacture and installation, magnets are not perfect and with many kinds of errors. Beam–beam interaction in high-energy electron positron collider is the action of external field force, which changes the momentum of each beam bunch. Thus, beam loss background can be affected by the magnet errors and beam–beam effect. In this paper, the beam loss background with magnet errors and beam–beam effect is simulated in CEPC.
The geometric universe Sir Roger Penrose’s mathematical physics works and insights
Authors: Kouneiher Joseph , Szczeciniarz Jean-Jacques 
Published: October 2022

The aim of this paper is to explore the conceptual and mathematical physics foundations of the work of Sir Roger Penrose. This is a transcript of an interview a that took place on 15 November 2021. a The text of the interview was enriched by complements and figures to illustrate the answers and the thought of Roger Penrose. They are taken from the excellent book The Road to Reality: A Complete Guide to the Laws of the Universe, Jonathan Cape, London [4, 7] others references. With courtesy of Sir Roger Penrose.
Availability-aware Provision of Service Function Chains in Mobile Edge Computing
Authors: Li Jinxi , Guo Deke , Xie Junjie , Chen Sheng 
Published: October 2022

With the advent of Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), outsourcing network functions (NFs) to the MEC is becoming popular among network service providers (NSPs), since it brings the scalability and flexibility for NF deployment and maintenance. Each user’s request will go through a service function chain (SFC), which consists of several virtual network functions (VNFs, software substitutions for traditional hardware-based middleboxes) in a specific order, and then get a response. Unlike conventional hardware-based middleboxes, VNFs are not very reliable due to potential software faults and host malfunctions. Thus, a sensible way is to add redundancy for the primary VNFs of an SFC to enhance its availability. Nevertheless, which MEC node to place each VNF, and how many backup instances are enough to ensure the availability requirement of each SFC? These issues have not yet been resolved.
In this article, we present the availability-aware provision of SFC (APoS) in the MEC environment with the primary goal of maximizing the number of served requests while meeting the requirements and reliability expectations of SFCs. For the APoS, we have primarily addressed the following two fundamental challenges: (i) First, how to efficiently map these primary and backup VNFs to meet the availability requirements of SFCs? At this point, we formulate it as an integer nonlinear programming (INLP) under the limitation of each MEC node’s resources. This issue is NP-hard, and a novel binary N-back search method is proposed to derive the optimal solution for the primary and backup VNFs mapping; (ii) Second, how can we reduce the latency for users to access their desired SFCs? Then, we investigate how to minimize the average delay for all requests in each time slot. To solve this problem, we design an online service switching (OSS) method, which jointly considers the queuing delay, communication delay, and switching delay. It achieves the optimal solution with a theoretical guarantee. Finally, we evaluate the proposed methods with real-world datasets. The results demonstrate that, compared with the benchmarks, our practices can achieve approximately 20% request acceptance gain and up to 30% delay reduction, on average.
A Data-Driven Analysis of Behaviors in Data Curation Processes
Authors: Han Lei , Chen Tianwa , Demartini Gianluca , Indulska Marta , Sadiq Shazia 
Published: October 2022

Understanding how data workers interact with data, and various pieces of information related to data preparation, is key to designing systems that can better support them in exploring datasets. To date, however, there is a paucity of research studying the strategies adopted by data workers as they carry out data preparation activities. In this work, we investigate a specific data preparation activity, namely
data quality discovery
, and aim to (i) understand the behaviors of data workers in discovering data quality issues, (ii) explore what factors (e.g., prior experience) can affect their behaviors, as well as (iii) understand how these behavioral observations relate to their performance. To this end, we collect a multi-modal dataset through a data-driven experiment that relies on the use of eye-tracking technology with a purpose-designed platform built on top of iPython Notebook. The experiment results reveal that: (i) ‘copy–paste–modify’ is a typical strategy for writing code to complete tasks; (ii) proficiency in writing code has a significant impact on the quality of task performance, while perceived difficulty and efficacy can influence task completion patterns; and (iii) searching in external resources is a prevalent action that can be leveraged to achieve better performance. Furthermore, our experiment indicates that providing sample code within the system can help data workers get started with their task, and surfacing underlying data is an effective way to support exploration. By investigating data worker behaviors prior to each search action, we also find that the most common reasons that trigger external search actions are the need to seek assistance in writing or debugging code and to search for relevant code to reuse. Based on our experiment results, we showcase a systematic approach to select from the top best code snippets created by data workers and assemble them to achieve better performance than the best individual performer in the dataset. By doing so, our findings not only provide insights into patterns of interactions with various system components and information resources when performing data curation tasks, but also build effective and efficient data curation processes through data workers’ collective intelligence.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Supports Ovarian Carcinosarcoma Tumorigenesis and Confers Sensitivity to Microtubule Targeting with Eribulin
Authors: Ho Gwo Yaw , Kyran Elizabeth L. , Bedo Justin , Wakefield Matthew J. , Ennis Darren P. , Mirza Hasan B. , Vandenberg Cassandra J. , Lieschke Elizabeth , Farrell Andrew , Hadla Anthony , Lim Ratana , Dall Genevieve , Vince James E. , Chua Ngee Kiat , Kondrashova Olga , Upstill-Goddard Rosanna , Bailey Ulla-Maja , Dowson Suzanne , Roxburgh Patricia , Glasspool Rosalind M. , Bryson Gareth , Biankin Andrew V. ,   for the Scottish Genomes Partnership, Cooke Susanna L. , Ratnayake Gayanie , McNally Orla , Traficante Nadia ,   for the Australian Ovarian Cancer Study12,13, DeFazio Anna , Weroha S. John , Bowtell David D. , McNeish Iain A. , Papenfuss Anthony T. , Scott Clare L. , Barker Holly E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Ovarian carcinosarcoma (OCS) is an aggressive and rare tumor type with limited treatment options. OCS is hypothesized to develop via the combination theory, with a single progenitor resulting in carcinomatous and sarcomatous components, or alternatively via the conversion theory, with the sarcomatous component developing from the carcinomatous component through epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this study, we analyzed DNA variants from isolated carcinoma and sarcoma components to show that OCS from 18 women is monoclonal. RNA sequencing indicated that the carcinoma components were more mesenchymal when compared with pure epithelial ovarian carcinomas, supporting the conversion theory and suggesting that EMT is important in the formation of these tumors. Preclinical OCS models were used to test the efficacy of microtubule-targeting drugs, including eribulin, which has previously been shown to reverse EMT characteristics in breast cancers and induce differentiation in sarcomas. Vinorelbine and eribulin more effectively inhibited OCS growth than standard-of-care platinum-based chemotherapy, and treatment with eribulin reduced mesenchymal characteristics and N-MYC expression in OCS patient-derived xenografts. Eribulin treatment resulted in an accumulation of intracellular cholesterol in OCS cells, which triggered a downregulation of the mevalonate pathway and prevented further cholesterol biosynthesis. Finally, eribulin increased expression of genes related to immune activation and increased the intratumoral accumulation of CD8+ T cells, supporting exploration of immunotherapy combinations in the clinic. Together, these data indicate that EMT plays a key role in OCS tumorigenesis and support the conversion theory for OCS histogenesis. Targeting EMT using eribulin could help improve OCS patient outcomes.

Significance:
Genomic analyses and preclinical models of ovarian carcinosarcoma support the conversion theory for disease development and indicate that microtubule inhibitors could be used to suppress EMT and stimulate antitumor immunity.