bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic impact of selective use of contrast for routine follow‐up MRI of patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Mattay Raghav R. , Davtyan Karapet , Rudie Jeffrey D. , Mattay Govind S. , Jacobs Dina A. , Schindler Matthew , Loevner Laurie A. , Schnall Mitchell D. , Bilello Michel , Mamourian Alexander C. , Cook Tessa S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeImaging and autopsy studies show intracranial gadolinium deposition in patients who have undergone serial contrast‐enhanced MRIs. This observation has raised concerns when using contrast administration in patients who receive frequent MRIs. To address this, we implemented a contrast‐conditional protocol wherein gadolinium is administered only for multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with imaging evidence of new disease activity on precontrast imaging. In this study, we explore the economic impact of our new MRI protocol.MethodsWe compared scanner time and Medicare reimbursement using our contrast‐conditional methodology versus that of prior protocols where all patients received gadolinium.ResultsFor 422 patients over 4 months, the contrast‐conditional protocol amounted to 60% decrease in contrast injection and savings of approximately 20% of MRI scanner time. If the extra scanner time was used for performing MS follow‐up MRIs in additional patients, the contrast‐conditional protocol would amount to net revenue loss of $21,707 (∼3.7%).ConclusionsImplementation of a new protocol to limit contrast in MS follow‐up MRIs led to a minimal decrease in revenue when controlled for scanner time utilized and is outweighed by other benefits, including substantial decreased gadolinium administration, increased patient comfort, and increased availability of scanner time, which depending on type of studies performed could result in additional financial benefit.
Urodynamically proven lower urinary tract dysfunction in children after COVID‐19: A case series
Authors: Selvi Ismail , Dönmez Muhammet İrfan , Ziylan Orhan , Oktar Tayfun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCaseSince the declaration of COVID‐19 as a pandemic, other unexpected symptoms related to the infection besides the respiratory system have been reported. Although a few case reports have revealed that adult patients with COVID‐19 also complained of urinary frequency and nocturia, the exact pathophysiology is still unclear. In this case series, we present three children aged 14 to 17 years with urodynamically proven lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) following COVID‐19.OutcomeNone of the patients had constipation or bowel disorder before the diagnosis of COVID‐19. In addition, neurological examination and related imaging revealed no signs of etiological factors. The median time from diagnosis of COVID‐19 infection to the onset of lower urinary tract symptoms was 3 months. Incomplete bladder emptying/urinary retention supported by increased bladder compliance, high post‐micturition residual urine volumes, and absence of detrusor pressure increase during the voiding phase in the pressure flow study (acontractile detrusor in two patients and hypocontractile detrusor in one patient) were observed.ConclusionWe observed that LUTD (eg, incomplete bladder emptying, urinary retention) can be prominent some time after the diagnosis of COVID‐19. Even though psychogenic or neurogenic causes may not be excluded completely, clinicians should be aware of a recent COVID‐19 infection in children with sudden‐onset LUTD.
Follow‐up and growing‐up formula promotion among Mexican pregnant women and mothers of children under 18 months old
Authors: Vilar‐Compte Mireya , Hernández Cordero Sonia , Castañeda‐Márquez Ana C. , Rollins Nigel , Kingston Gillian , Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMilk formula sales have grown globally, particularly through follow‐up formulas (FUF) and growing‐up milks (GUM). Marketing strategies and weak regulatory and institutional arrangements are important contributors to caregivers' decisions about child feeding choices. This study describes maternal awareness, beliefs, and normative referents of FUFs and GUMs among Mexican pregnant women and mothers of children 0–18 months (n = 1044) through the lens of the theory of reasoned action (TRA). A cross‐sectional survey was undertaken in two large metropolitan areas of Mexico. Descriptive analyses were conducted following the constructs of the TRA. One‐third of the participants had heard about FUFs, mainly through health professionals (51.1%) and family (22.2%). Once they had heard about FUFs, the majority (80%) believed older infants needed this product due to its benefits (hunger satisfaction, brain development, and allergy management). One quarter of the participants were already using or intended to use FUFs; the majority had received this recommendation from doctors (74.6%) and mothers/mothers‐in‐law (25%). Similarly, 19% of the women had heard about GUMs. The pattern for the rest of TRA constructs for GUMs was similar to FUFs. Mexican women are exposed to FUFs and GUMs, once women know about them, the majority believe older infant and young children need these products, stating perceived benefits that match the poorly substantiated marketing claims of breast‐milk substitutes. Health professionals, particularly doctors, act as marketing channels for FUFs and GUMs. Marketing of FUFs and GUMs represents a threat to breastfeeding in Mexico and a more protective regulatory and institutional environment is needed.
A nationalist party with non‐nationalistic voters? Discussing the limits of nationalism in party categorisation
Authors: Lobera Josep , Roch Juan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAre populism and nationalism two inseparable dimensions? The controversial argument is that both exclusionary and inclusionary populism draw on nationalist representations and traditions to construct their political discourse. In the case of Podemos, several scholars have argued that this party presents a nationalistic character based on its invocation of the ‘patria’ and a demarcated, imagined political community. This article relies on an original data set in order to test this hypothesis related to Podemos's supply and demand. With regard to supply, we explore four party manifestos to elucidate how Podemos refers to the nation, Spanish identity, sovereignty and immigration. To evaluate demand, we analyse the party's supporters' political attitudes and values regarding the nation, assimilation of immigrants and national preferentialism. Our results show that Podemos's supporters express lower levels of national identification than the remainder of the population. Similarly, the former analysis reveals a pro‐immigration position and a tendency of the party Podemos to avoid issues related to national identity. Departing from these results, we draw several implications on the use of nationalism for the categorisation of political parties and, in particular, left‐wing populism.
The making of sects: Boundary making and the sectarianisation of the Syrian uprising, 2011–2013
Authors: Zeno Basileus 
Published: March 2022

Abstract‘Sectarianism’ has been frequently used by politicians, activists, journalists and even some academics to explain causes and dynamics of the Syrian uprising and the subsequent civil war. However, this state of affairs contrasts sharply with the kinds of symbols and rhetoric used by the predominantly peaceful protesters who took to the streets in Syria in 2011. Drawing on interpretivist approach and thick‐description, this article traces how local and supralocal activists' reactions to the regime's violence and its master narrative culminated in the activation and politicisation of the category of ‘sect’ as a residual sociality. I argue that the increasing visibility of sectarian frameworks and the demobilisation of non‐sectarian actors were parts of boundary‐making strategies pursued by local and supralocal actors who capitalised on regime violence and regional sectarian framing and sought to have a monopoly over the symbolic representation of the uprising. The effectiveness of the sectarianisation process was contingent on the escalation of violence, the militarisation and internationalisation of the uprising, and the transnationalisation of sectarian networks. Taking Syria as a case study, this article demonstrates how conflicts, or violence,become‘ethnic’ or ‘sectarian‐coded’ and how macro social phenomenon influences microlevel behaviour, perspectives and strategies of boundary making.
Effect of percutaneous electrical nerve field stimulation on mechanosensitivity, sleep, and psychological comorbidities in adolescents with functional abdominal pain disorders
Authors: Santucci Neha R , King Christopher , El‐Chammas Khalil I. , Wongteerasut Anundorn , Damrongmanee Alisara , Graham Kahleb , Fei Lin , Sahay Rashmi , Jones Cheryl , Cunningham Natoshia R. , Coghill Robert C 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPercutaneous electrical nerve field stimulation (PENFS) improves symptoms in adolescents with functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs). However, little is known about its impact on sleep and psychological functioning. We evaluated the effects of PENFS on resting and evoked pain and nausea, sleep and psychological functioning, and long‐term outcomes.MethodsPatient ages 11–19 years with FAPD requiring PENFS as standard care were recruited. Evoked pain was elicited by a Water Load Symptom Provocation Task (WL‐SPT) before and after four weeks of treatment. Pain, gastrointestinal symptoms, sleep, somatic symptoms, and physical and psychological functioning were assessed. Actigraphy was used to measure daily sleep–wake patterns.Key ResultsTwenty patients (14.3 ± 2.2 years old) with FAPD were enrolled. Most patients were females (70%) and white (95%). During pain evoked by WL‐SPT, visual analog scale (VAS) pain intensity and nausea were lower following PENFS compared with baseline (p = 0.004 and p = 0.02, respectively). After PENFS, resting VAS pain unpleasantness (p = 0.03), abdominal pain (p < 0.0001), pain catastrophizing (p = 0.0004), somatic complaints (0.01), functional disability (p = 0.04), and anxiety (p = 0.02) exhibited significant improvements, and some were sustained long‐term. Self‐reported sleep improved after PENFS (p's < 0.05) as well as actigraphy‐derived sleep onset latency (p = 0.03).Conclusions and InferencesWe demonstrated improvements in resting and evoked pain and nausea, sleep, disability, pain catastrophizing, somatic complaints, and anxiety after four weeks of PENFS therapy. Some effects were sustained at 6–12 months post‐treatment. This suggests that PENFS is a suitable alternative to pharmacologic therapy.
Evidence of cortical thickness increases in bilateral auditory brain structures following piano learning in older adults
Authors: Worschech Florian , Altenmüller Eckart , Jünemann Kristin , Sinke Christopher , Krüger Tillmann H. C. , Scholz Daniel S. , Müller Cécile A. H. , Kliegel Matthias , James Clara E. , Marie Damien 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMorphological differences in the auditory brain of musicians compared to nonmusicians are often associated with life‐long musical activity. Cross‐sectional studies, however, do not allow for any causal inferences, and most experimental studies testing music‐driven adaptations investigated children. Although the importance of the age at which musical training begins is widely recognized to impact neuroplasticity, there have been few longitudinal studies examining music‐related changes in the brains of older adults. Using magnetic resonance imaging, we measured cortical thickness (CT) of 12 auditory‐related regions of interest before and after 6 months of musical instruction in 134 healthy, right‐handed, normal‐hearing, musically‐naive older adults (64–76 years old). Prior to the study, all participants were randomly assigned to either piano training or to a musical culture/music listening group. In five regions—left Heschl's gyrus, left planum polare, bilateral superior temporal sulcus, and right Heschl's sulcus—we found an increase in CT in the piano training group compared with the musical culture group. Furthermore, CT of the right Heschl's gyrus could be identified as a morphological substrate supporting speech in noise perception. The results support the conclusion that playing an instrument is an effective stimulator for cortical plasticity, even in older adults.
Arthroscopy‐Assisted Reduction and Fixation of Femoral Head and Acetabulum Fractures: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Söylemez Mehmet Salih , Kemah Bahattin , Poyanli Oguz 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo perform a systematic review to determine the current arthroscopic techniques of the fixation of femoral head and acetabulum fractures and assess the radiological and functional outcomes reported in literature written in English.MethodsThis review was performed by searching PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science without a filter for time limitation in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews Protocols (PRISMA‐P) guidelines. Two authors took part in screening and evaluating the literature between December 2020 and January 2021. The terms acetabulum fracture, reduction, fixation, femur head fracture, fracture dislocation of the hip, hip trauma and arthroscopy or arthroscopic, and their combinations were used to search four database engines in the titles and abstracts of the reported papers. Only papers with English titles and abstracts were included. The assessment of the data related to descriptions of the techniques, indications for fracture fixation using arthroscopy, and patient‐related outcomes.ResultsPerfect agreement was detected between the two reviewers during all steps of the review process (κ = 0.81–1.00). Although a meta‐analysis was planned to be carried out, no randomized controlled study comparing either the radiological or functional results of different surgical techniques was detected in the literature. Nineteen studies were included in the study. Of these, 15 were retrospective case reports and four were case series. Twenty‐seven patients were operated on for acetabulum fractures (18 male/nine female). The mean age was 28.3 years (range, 15–53 years). High‐energy traumas including motor vehicle accidents were the most common reason (81%). The duration of follow‐up was a mean of 32 months (range, 12–68 months). Sixteen patients were operated on for femur fractures (12 male/three female). The mean age was 30.1 years (range, 17–50 years). Motor vehicle accident was the most common trauma (70%). Duration of follow‐up had a mean of 18 months (range, 4–60 months). Patient‐related outcomes were excellent for reported cases in both groups despite the fact that an objective scoring system was not used for most of the cases. Moreover, there was no consensus on surgical indications or the techniques.ConclusionsThe techniques of arthroscopic‐assisted fixation of acetabulum and femoral head fracture are so heterogeneous that conclusions cannot be made at this time, but there is potential for this method of treatment to become more popular as the devices used in the procedure develop and as exposure to and experience with hip arthroscopy improves. Further descriptions of reduction and fixation techniques and analysis of outcomes of RCTs are needed.
Clinical and demographic factors associated with pediatric difficult intravenous access in the operating room
Authors: Ballard Heather A. , Hajduk John , Cheon Eric C. , King Michael R. , Barsuk Jeffrey H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPediatric intravenous catheter insertion can be difficult in the operating room due to the technical challenges of small diameter vessels and the need to rapidly gain intravenous access in anesthetized children. Few studies have examined factors associated with difficult vascular access in the operating room, especially accounting for the increased possibility to use ultrasound guidance.AimsThe primary aim of the study was to identify factors associated with pediatric difficult vascular access in the operating room. Our primary hypothesis was that Black race, Hispanic ethnicity, and ultrasound use would be associated with pediatric difficult vascular access.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from a cohort of pediatric patients who had intravenous catheters inserted in the operating room at an academic tertiary care children's hospital from March 2020 to February 2021. We measured associations among patients who were labeled as having difficult vascular access (>2 attempts at access) with demographic, clinical, and hospital factors.Results12 728 intravenous catheter insertions were analyzed. Multivariable analysis showed significantly higher odds of difficult vascular access with Black non‐Hispanic race (1.43, 95% CI: 1.06–1.93, p = .018), younger age (0.93, 95% CI: 0.89–0.98, p = .005), overweight (1.41, 95% CI: 1.04–1.90, p = .025) and obese body mass index (1.56, 95% 95% CI: 1.12–2.17, p = .008), and American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status III (1.54, 95% CI:1.11–2.13, p = .01). The attending anesthesiologist compared to all other practitioners (certified registered nurse anesthetist: (0.41, 95% CI: 0.31–0.56, p < .001, registered nurse: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.13–0.48, p < .001, trainee: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.17–0.28, p‐value <.001 with attending as reference variable) and ultrasound use (2.61, 95% CI: 1.85–3.69, p < .001) were associated with successful intravenous catheter placement.ConclusionsBlack non‐Hispanic race/ethnicity, younger age, obese/overweight body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status III, and ultrasound were all associated with pediatric difficult vascular access in the operating room.
Medium‐term expenditure frameworks: Credible instrument or mirage?
Authors: Raudla Ringa , Douglas James W. , MacCarthaigh Muiris 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMedium‐term expenditure frameworks (MTEFs) are typically viewed as instruments to expand budget horizons beyond one year and to limit spending growth over the medium term (usually three to five years). In response to the fiscal crisis and EU requirements, many countries in Europe have adopted MTEFs over the past decade. We use elite interviews to examine whether the formal enactment of such frameworks has led to changes in actual budget practices in Finland, Austria, Portugal, and Ireland. Our analysis shows that the newly adopted MTEFs have not acted as binding constraints on fiscal policy.
Genetic origin and expression patterns of acetohydroxyacid synthase multigene family inBrassica junceaandB. carinataand their progenitors
Authors: Wang Hongmei , Lv Huijie , Sha Tianjin , Huang Qianxin , Guo Yuan , Hu Shengwu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAcetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), the key enzyme in the branched‐chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine biosynthesis pathway, has gained intensive investigation because it is the target of five different AHAS herbicides widely used to control weeds in farmland. In the present study, theAHASgene family inBrassica junceaandB. carinataand their progenitor species was characterized in combination with bioinformatics, gene‐specific PCR and qRT‐PCR analyses. The results indicated thatB. junceacontains fourAHASgenes, of them,BjuAHAS3andBjuAHAS4originated from the A genome donor ofB. rapa, whereasBjuAHAS6andBjuAHAS7from the B genome donor ofB. nigra.BjuAHAS3andBjuAHAS6are predicted to be functional and constitutively expressed in all vegetative and reproductive tissues in the testedB. junceaaccessions.B. carinatacontains fiveAHASgenes, of them,BcaAHAS1,BcaAHAS2, andBcaAHAS5originated from the C genome donor ofB. oleracea, whereasBcaAHAS6andBcaAHAS7came from the B genome donor ofB. nigra.BcaAHAS1,BcaAHAS2, andBcaAHAS6are predicted to be functional.BcaAHAS1andBcaAHAS6are constitutively expressed in all vegetative and reproductive tissues in the testedB. carinataaccessions, however,BcaAHAS2is mainly expressed in siliques. In addition, translocation events for theAHAS1,AHAS2, andAHAS7genes occurred when the three amphidiploids speciesB. napus,B. juncea, andB. carinatawere formed by hybridization of their respective diploid species. The findings in this study will provide important basic information for the breeding of herbicide‐resistant varieties inB. junceaandB. carinata.
Improving fire risk communication between authorities and micro‐entrepreneurs: A mental models study of Ghanaian central market fires
Authors: Nyame‐Asiamah Frank , Boasu Bismark Yeboah , Kawalek Peter , Buor Daniel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study conceptualizes how fire management authorities can empower nonexpert public to participate in fire risk communication processes and increase their own responsibilities for managing fire preventive, protective and recovery processes effectively. Drawing narratives from 10 disaster management experts working at government institutions and nine micro‐entrepreneurs operating self‐sustaining businesses in different merchandized lines in Ghana, we analyzed the data thematically and explored new insights on mental models to generate a two‐way fire risk communication model. The findings suggest that fire management authorities planned fire disasters at the strategic level, collaborated with multiple stakeholders, disseminated information through many risk communication methods, and utilized their capabilities to manage fire at the various stages of fire risk communication, but the outcomes were poor. The micro‐entrepreneurs sought to improve fire management outcomes through attitude change, law enforcement actions, strengthened security and better public trust building. The study has implications for policymakers, governments, and risk communication authorities of developing countries to strengthen their fire disaster policies to minimize commercial fire incidents and address the damaging effects of fire on people's livelihoods, businesses, properties, and environments. Our proposed two‐way fire risk communication model is a new theoretical lens for experts and the nonexpert public to assess each other's beliefs about risk information and manage fire risk communication effectively at all stages.