bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Analysis of Shear Stress: CAD Milled vs Printed Denture Base Resins with Bonded Denture Tooth
Authors: Kane Brittany , Shah Kumar C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeAs the fabrication of computer‐aided design (CAD) milled and 3D printed denture base resins with bonded denture teeth increase in popularity, there is a need for research comparing the shear bond stress of milled and printed denture base resins with bonded denture teeth to that of a conventional heat processed denture base.Materials and methodsDenture base resin specimens (n = 9) were fabricated according to manufacturers’ instructions using a novel test design. Two milled (Ivobase CAD PMMA, Ivoclar Vivadent and Polident PMMA, Polident Dental) and two 3D printed (Denture Base LP Resin, Formlabs and Lucitone Digital Print, Dentsply Sirona) materials were used. Conventional heat processed polymethylmethacrylate was used as the control (Lucitone 199, Dentsply Sirona). Denture teeth (VITA Vitapan XL T44, #8, VITA Zahnfabrik) were bonded to their respective bases using denture tooth bonding agent (Ivobase CAD bonding system, Ivoclar). Specimens were aged in water for 600 hours at 37°C and loaded until failure in a Universal testing machine. Shear bond stress was calculated. All specimens were evaluated for mode of failure and select specimens under scanning electron microscope and vertical scanning interferometry. Data were analyzed with one‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey test (IBM SPSS) and fracture analysis performed.ResultsShear stress was highest for the heat processed control (mean = 180 N ±26.76) and Polident test groups (mean = 180 N ± 34.90). Milled specimens were not significantly different from the control (p = 0.076 for IvoBase CAD and 1.00 for Polident), while the printed groups were significantly different from the control (p = 0.012 for Formlabs Denture Base Resin and p = 0.00 for Carbon Lucitone Digital Print). Milled denture base resins performed similarly to heat processed denture base resin and better than 3D printed denture bases.ConclusionFor complete denture wearers, all resin materials used in this study may be clinically acceptable, as the sheer stress for all groups was higher than the reported maximum biting force of complete denture patients. However, for implant retained prostheses, the incorporation of additional retentive features should be considered when bonding denture teeth to printed bases. More research is needed to evaluate methods to increase the bond strength of denture teeth to printed denture base resins.
Cross‐sectional analysis of the association of periodontitis with carotid intima media thickness and atherosclerotic plaque in the Hamburg City health study
Authors: Lamprecht Ragna , Rimmele David Leander , Schnabel Renate B. , Heydecke Guido , Seedorf Udo , Walther Carolin , Mayer Carola , Struppek Julia , Borof Katrin , Behrendt Christian‐Alexander , Cheng Bastian , Gerloff Christian , Debus Sebastian , Smeets Ralf , Beikler Thomas , Blankenberg Stefan , Zeller Tanja , Karakas Mahir , Thomalla Götz , Aarabi Ghazal 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrevious epidemiological studies regarding the association between chronic periodontitis (CP) and carotid intima‐media thickness (cIMT) and subclinical atherosclerosis have been inconclusive.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine whether CP is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in a large population‐based cohort study conducted in northern Germany (the Hamburg City Health study).MethodsBaseline data from 5781 participants of the Hamburg City Health Study with complete oral health and carotid ultrasound data (50.7% female, mean age: 62.1 ± 8.4 years) were evaluated. A standardized duplex sonography of the carotid artery was performed with measurement of carotid intima‐media thickness (cIMT) and atherosclerotic plaques. Oral health was assessed by recording the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index, clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and the dental plaque index (PI). Correlations were tested for statistical significance by means of descriptive statistics and multivariate regression analyses.ResultsModerate and severe CP were associated with the prevalence of cIMT ≥ 1 mm (none or mild CP: 5.1%, moderate CP: 6.1%, severe CP: 10%) and mean cIMT (none or mild CP: 0.72 mm, moderate CP: 0.75 mm, severe CP: 0.78 mm) in bivariate analyses (p < .001). Additionally, severe and moderate CP were associated with higher prevalence of carotid atherosclerotic plaques (plaque = yes: none or mild CP: 23.9%, moderate CP: 29%, severe CP: 40.2%,). After adjustment for age, sex, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, educational level, hypercholesterolemia, and hsCRP, severe CP still correlated significantly with cIMT and the prevalence of cIMT ≥1 mm and/or presence of carotid atherosclerotic plaques.ConclusionIn this study, severe CP was associated with increased cIMT and higher prevalence of carotid plaques independent of common risk factors.
One size does not fit all; practical, personal tailoring of the diet to NAFLD patients
Authors: Zelber‐Sagi Shira , Grinshpan Laura Sol , Ivancovsky‐Wajcman Dana , Goldenshluger Ariela , Gepner Yftach 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDifferent dietary regimens for weight loss have developed over the years. Since the most evidenced treatment for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is weight reduction, it is not surprising that more diets targeting obesity are also utilized for NAFLD treatment. However, beyond the desired weight loss effects, one should not ignore the dietary composition of each diet, which may not necessarily be healthy or safe over the long term for hepatic and extrahepatic outcomes, especially cardiometabolic outcomes. Some of these diets are rich in saturated fat and red meat, are very strict, and require close medical supervision. Some may also be very difficult to adhere to for long periods, thus reducing the patient's motivation. The evidence for a direct benefit to NAFLD by restrictive diets such as very‐low‐carb, ketogenic, very‐low‐calorie diets, and intermittent fasting is scarce, and the long‐term safety has not been tested. Nowadays, the approach is that the diet should be tailored to the patient's cultural and personal preferences. There is strong evidence for the independent protective association of NAFLD with a diet based on healthy eating patterns of minimally‐processed foods, low in sugar and saturated fat, high in polyphenols, and healthy types of fats. This leads to the conclusion that a Mediterranean diet should serve as a basis that can be restructured into other kinds of diets. This review will elaborate on the different diets and their role in NAFLD. It will provide a practical guide to tailor the diet to the patients without compromising its composition and safety.
Genetic insight into primary glomerulonephritis
Authors: Wu Mei‐Yi , Chen Ying‐Chun , Chiu I‐Jen , Wu Mai‐Szu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPrimary glomerulonephritis is a major global health concern and a disorder with significant heritable components. Rapid advances in sequencing technologies have led to genome‐wide, high‐throughput investigations of the genetic basis of complex human traits. Genetic studies have successfully mapped several susceptibility loci and disease‐causing genes for different subtypes of primary glomerulonephritis. These studies have revealed that IgA nephropathy–associated genes have a highly complex, polygenic and pleiotropic genetic architecture and that genetic susceptibility to membranous nephropathy may be driven by a few large‐effect loci. Furthermore, both susceptibility genes and high‐penetrant gene mutations reportedly contribute to the development of the most heterogeneous phenotype of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. The genetic heterogeneity between each glomerular disease type and within different populations has indicated disease‐specific and ethnicity‐specific underlying molecular mechanisms for the disorders. The findings from genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have mainly included variants on or near the major histocompatibility (MHC) loci, highlighting the molecular basis for the shared pathogenesis of the immune‐mediated disease. Recent studies with increased sample sizes and higher resolutions of genome‐wide imputation have provided novel insights into the pathogenesis of glomerular disorders. Further integration of results from genomic studies with functional genomics datasets can indicate novel targets for drug discovery as well as potential tools for patient diagnosis and stratification. However, larger GWASs and sequencing studies in independent cohorts and more standardized inclusion of phenotypes across studies are required for each subtype of glomerular disease.
Agent‐based models of scientific interaction
Authors: Šešelja Dunja 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe paper examines recent developments in agent‐based modeling of scientific inquiry with a special focus on network epistemology. It provides a survey of different types of ABMs studying network effects in scientific inquiry: ABMs based on bandit problems, ABMs based on epistemic landscapes and ABMs based on argumentative dynamics. It further presents models that study the impact of biased and deceptive researchers on the success of collective inquiry. The paper concludes with a discussion on the contribution of ABMs to the broader field of philosophy of science given their highly idealized nature.
Measuring human trace fear conditioning
Authors: Wehrli Jelena M. , Xia Yanfang , Gerster Samuel , Bach Dominik R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTrace fear conditioning is an important research paradigm to model aversive learning in biological or clinical scenarios, where predictors (conditioned stimuli, CS) and aversive outcomes (unconditioned stimuli, US) are separated in time. The optimal measurement of human trace fear conditioning, and in particular of memory retention after consolidation, is currently unclear. We conducted two identical experiments (N1 = 28, N2 = 28) with a 15‐s trace interval and a recall test 1 week after acquisition, while recording several psychophysiological observables. In a calibration approach, we explored which learning and memory measures distinguished CS+ and CS− in the first experiment and confirmed the most sensitive measures in the second experiment. We found that in the recall test without reinforcement, only fear‐potentiated startle but not skin conductance, pupil size, heart period, or respiration amplitude, differentiated CS+ and CS−. During acquisition without startle probes, skin conductance responses and pupil size responses but not heart period or respiration amplitude differentiated CS+ and CS−. As a side finding, there was no evidence for extinction of fear‐potentiated startle over 30 trials without reinforcement. These results may be useful to inform future substantive research using human trace fear conditioning protocols.
Low levels of the innate immune system proteins MASP‐2 and MAp44 in patients with common variable immunodeficiency
Authors: Mistegaard Clara Elbæk , Jensen Lisbeth , Christiansen Mette , Bjerre Mette , Jensen Jens Magnus Bernth , Thiel Steffen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPatients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) display low antibody levels and associated symptoms, including an increased risk of infections. The causes of CVID are uncertain and likely heterogeneous. The complement system protects against pathogens and plays essential roles in homeostasis and development. The influence of the complement system in CVID is not established. We investigated CVID patients and healthy individuals for plasma levels of the complement proteins: MASP‐1, MASP‐2, MASP‐3, MAp19 and MAp44. We also tested other patients with symptoms similar to the CVID patients. CVID patients had lower average MASP‐2 and MAp44 levels than healthy individuals (P < 0.01); the MASP‐2 level was 0.73‐fold lower, and the MAp44 level was 0.87‐fold lower. This was not observed in the other patient cohorts studied. Our findings in this exploratory study provide new insights into CVID and introduce a complement perspective for future investigations into the underlying mechanisms of the disease.
Does antidumping drive exporters out of the market? Some evidence from Brazil
Authors: Mazzucco Bruno , Bittencourt Mauricio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study quantifies the effect of antidumping investigations on the likelihood of an exporter being excluded from the domestic market in Brazil, a large developing country and a heavy user of antidumping measures (AD). A survival analysis methodology is used to measure the probability of exit with quarterly country–product data on imports and antidumping actions between 1997 and 2017. The results show that, during the course of an investigation, products from targeted countries present, on average, a 33% higher probability of ending a spell of trade compared to non‐targeted countries. We also identify at which stage of the investigation this effect is larger, whether at the beginning of the investigation, during the preliminary determination phase, or after the final duties are imposed. The results indicate that the effects are concentrated in the final phase, after the final determination, with a 47% increase in the hazard rate.
CT features of confirmed and presumed gastric wall edema in dogs
Authors: Murakami Masahiro , Heng Hock Gan , Sola Mario 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPostcontrast computed tomographic (CT) characteristics of gastrointestinal (GI) wall edema in humans have been described as GI wall thickening with a thickened submucosal layer and thin enhanced inner and outer layers. Published studies describing CT features of gastric wall edema in dogs are currently lacking. The aim of this retrospective, case series was to describe CT features of gastric wall edema in a group of dogs. Medical records were searched for dogs with postcontrast abdominal CT scans and a diagnosis of gastric wall edema based on histopathology (group I) or CT characteristics consistent with those reported in humans (group II). Clinical diagnosis, mean serum albumin concentration, and histopathological diagnosis were recorded. The following CT characteristics were recorded: numbers of wall layers, attenuation and contrast enhancement, presence of blood vessels, locations, distribution, and thickness. Twelve dogs (3 in group I and 9 in group II) were included. The most common clinical finding was hypoalbuminemia. In group I, a well‐defined three‐layer appearance with a non‐enhancing fluid‐attenuating middle layer was observed in three dogs and thin blood vessels in the middle layer in two dogs. In group II, nine dogs had a three‐layer appearance with a non‐enhancing fluid‐attenuating middle layer. Locations of gastric wall thickening were diffuse in two, focal concentric in six, and focal asymmetric in four dogs. Findings supported including gastric wall edema as a differential diagnosis for dogs with hypoalbuminemia and CT characteristics of a three‐layer appearance in the gastric wall, with a non‐enhancing fluid‐attenuating middle layer and thin blood vessels.
Proximal sesamoid bone microdamage is localized to articular subchondral regions in Thoroughbred racehorses, with similar fracture toughness between fracture and controls
Authors: Luedke Lauren K. , Ilevbare Phoebe , Noordwijk Kira J. , Palomino Pablo M. , McDonough Sean P. , Palmer Scott E. , Basran Parminder S. , Donnelly Eve , Reesink Heidi L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether proximal sesamoid bone (PSB) microdamage and fracture toughness differ between Thoroughbred racehorses sustaining PSB fracture and controls.Study designCadaveric case–control.AnimalsTwenty‐four Thoroughbred racehorses (n = 12 PSB fracture,n = 12 control).MethodsProximal sesamoid bones were dissected, and gross pathological changes and morphological measurements were documented. High‐speed exercise history data were evaluated. Microdamage was assessed in fracture, fracture‐contralateral limb (FXCL) and control PSBs using whole bone lead uranyl acetate (LUA) staining with micro‐CT imaging or basic fuchsin histological analysis. Fracture toughness mechanical testing was carried out in 3‐point‐bending of microbeams created from PSB flexor cortices. Data were analyzed using ordinal logistic and linear regression models.ResultsMicrodamage was detected most commonly in the articular subchondral region of PSBs via LUA micro‐CT and basic fuchsin histology. There were no differences in microdamage between FXCL and control PSBs. Fracture toughness values were similar for FXCL (1.31 MPa√m) and control (1.35 MPa√m) PSBs. Exercise histories were similar except that horses sustaining fracture spent a greater percentage of their careers in rest weeks.ConclusionMicrodamage was detected in the articular region of PSBs but was not greater in horses sustaining catastrophic PSB fracture. Fracture toughness of PSB flexor cortices did not differ between FXCL and control PSBs.Clinical significanceAlthough uncommon, microdamage is localized to the articular region of Thoroughbred racehorse PSBs. Catastrophic PSB failure is not associated with lower PSB flexor cortex fracture toughness.
Mechanical evaluation of a novel angle‐stable interlocking nail in a gap fracture model
Authors: Deprey Julie , Blondel Margaux , Saban Charles , Massenzio Michel , Gauthier Olivier , Moissonnier Pierre , Viguier Eric , Cachon Thibaut 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the mechanical characteristics of a novel angle‐stable interlocking nail (NAS‐ILN) and compare them to those of a locking compression plate (LCP) by using a gap‐fracture model.Study designExperimental study.Sample populationSynthetic bone models.MethodsSynthetic bone models simulating a 50 mm diaphyseal comminuted canine tibial fracture were treated with either a novel angle‐stable interlocking nail (NAS‐ILN) or a locking compression plate (LCP). Maximal axial deformation and load to failure in compression and 4‐point bending, as well as maximal angular deformation, slack, and torque to failure in torsion, were statistically compared (P < .05).ResultsIn compression, the maximal axial deformation was lower for NAS‐ILN (0.11 mm ± 0.03) than for LCP (1.10 mm ± 0.22) (P < .0001). The ultimate load to failure was higher for NAS‐ILN (803.58 N ± 29.52) than for LCP (328.40 N ± 11.01) (P < .0001).In torsion, the maximal angular deformation did not differ between NAS‐ILN (22.79° ± 1.48) and LCP (24.36° ± 1.45) (P = .09). The ultimate torque to failure was higher for NAS‐ILN (22.45 Nm ± 0.24) than for LCP (19.10 Nm ± 1.36) (P = .001). No slack was observed with NAS‐ILN.In 4‐point bending, the maximal axial deformation was lower for NAS‐ILN (3.19 mm ± 0.49) than for LCP (4.17 mm ± 0.34) (P = .003). The ultimate bending moment was higher for NAS‐ILN (25.73 Nm, IQR [23.54‐26.86] Nm) than for LCP (16.29 Nm, IQR [15.66‐16.47] Nm) (P = .002).ConclusionThe NAS‐ILN showed greater stiffness in compression and 4‐point bending, and a greater resistance to failure in compression, torsion, and 4‐point bending, than LCP.Clinical impactBased on these results, NAS‐ILNs could be considered as alternative implants for the stabilization of comminuted fractures.
Children’s Comprehension of Narrative and Expository Texts: The Contributions of Word Decoding and Knowledge Integration Skills Vary Within and Between Text Types
Authors: Hannon Brenda 
Published: June 2022

This study examined the concurrent (mean age: 5.96 years) and longitudinal (mean age: 5.96 years) contributions that multiple component skills of reading made to 155 beginning readers’ comprehension scores for narrative and expository texts. The component skills included: word decoding, text memory, knowledge integration, and working memory. For narrative texts, word decoding was one of the best predictors of comprehension scores both concurrently and longitudinally; although longitudinally, the predictive strength of word decoding was equivalent to knowledge integration. In contrast, for expository texts, knowledge integration was a much better predictor of comprehension scores than any other component skill, including word decoding. When the contributions of the component skills were considered between text types, word decoding was a better predictor of comprehension scores for narrative texts than expository texts, whereas knowledge integration was a better predictor of comprehension scores for expository texts than narrative texts. Taken as a whole, these findings suggest that the contributions that component skills make to the comprehension scores of beginning readers vary as a function of text type, and that the common assumption that word decoding is the most important skill for beginning readers may be limited to just the comprehension scores of narrative texts.
An Evaluation of the Conversion of Gasoline and Natural Gas Spark Ignition Engines to Ammonia/Hydrogen Operation From the Perspective of Laminar Flame Speed
Authors: Yan Yuchao , Liu Zhentao , Liu Jinlong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Power generation systems will reduce carbon emissions primarily through the application of low or even zero carbon fuels under the global decarbonization trend. Ammonia is an ideal alternative fuel because it is cheap, readily available, and easy to store and transport. However, its mediocre combustion performance has raised concerns about its use in engines. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the amount of hydrogen that would need to be added to the ammonia from a laminar flame speed perspective if converting existing spark ignition engines to ammonia operation. The benchmark for determining the hydrogen blending ratio was to help ammonia achieve efficient combustion in the cylinder comparable to that of gasoline or natural gas. The results showed that hydrogen addition had the potential to greatly improve engine efficiency and emissions, although the combustion kinetics of ammonia-hydrogen mixtures were still dominated by ammonia with hydrogen addition levels below 60%. In addition, the hydrogen addition ratio was mainly determined by the kernel inception process, as this burning stage heavily influenced the repeatability of the combustion and the ease of combustion control. Also, at least 20% of hydrogen was required to be added to ammonia to adapt the engine to various operating conditions, while such a strategy still cannot help ammonia to obtain a rapid burning event compatible with gasoline or methane. Moreover, natural gas engines were more suitable for retrofitting to ammonia-hydrogen operation because they have a higher compression ratio and their combustion chambers are less demanding on the fuel laminar flame speed. Further, ammonia lean operation was recommended to be avoided in spark ignition configurations. Altogether, all of these findings support the need for additional efforts in ammonia engine optimizations and onboard ammonia dissociation system efficiency improvements.