bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DEK mediates AKT/mTOR signaling pathway promotes the proliferation, migration and EMT process of cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Zhou Xuebing , Yang Chunyu , Chen Dan , Wang Tong , Ren Xiangshan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective: To explore the molecular mechanism of proto-oncogene DEK in promoting cell proliferation, migration and EMT process of cholangiocarcinoma, and to provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of cholangiocarcinoma.Methods: The expression level of DEK in cholangiocarcinoma and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed by the UALCAN database, GEPIA database and the HPA database, respectively. The stable transfection cell line was constructed by lentiviral transfection, then the effect of DEK on the proliferation of cholangiocarcinoma cells were measured by MTT and colony formation assay. Wound scratch assay and Transwell assay observe the effect of DEK on the migration and invasion of cholangiocarcinoma cells. The effect of DEK on the expressions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related markers and AKT signaling pathway related proteins was assessed by Western Blot .Results: Compared with normal tissues, DEK is highly expressed in cholangiocarcino-ma tissues, and the positive expression of DEK is significantly correlated with clinical stage, pathological grade and lymph node metastasis. After upregulating DEK, the proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT process of cholangiocarcinoma cells were significantly increased, and silencing DEK has inhibited tumor cell proliferation and suppressed tumor metastasis. Western Blot showed that the phosphorylation level of AKT, 4EBP1, and S6 protein increased after upregulation of DEK, while silencing DEK had the opposite result.Conclusion: DEK promotes the proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT process of cholangiocarcinoma cells through activating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
Genome-Wide Signature of Positive Selection and Linkage Disequilibrium in Ethiopian Indigenous and European Beef Cattle Breeds
Authors: Mengistie Dejenie , Edea Zewdu , Tesema Tesfaye sisay , Dejene Genet , Dessie Tadelle , Jemal Jeilu , Kim Kwan Suk , Dadi Hailu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Despite the availability of genomic methods for determining the origin and divergence of domestic cattle in East Africa, particularly Ethiopia, knowledge regarding their genetic adaptability and divergence remain limited. To investigate signatures of selection and linkage disequilibrium Ethiopian cattle populations were genotyped with an 80K SNP array. European beef cattle breeds were also used for comparison purposes. Across Ethiopian cattle populations, the mean observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.403 and 0.400, respectively. Similarly, for European cattle, observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.25 and 0.26 respectively. PCA and NJ-tree revealed a separation of Ethiopian cattle breeds from European beef breeds. Similarly, NJ-tree grouped the study cattle according to their breed group with close clustering of Ethiopian cattle populations. The average r2 values were 0.22 ± 0.25, 0.23 ± 0.25, and 0.22 ± 0.25 in Boran, Begait, and Fogera, respectively. For Angus, Herford and Charolais it was 0.17 ± 0.28, 0.17 ± 0.28 and 0.18 ± 0.29, respectively. The top 1% FST values were considered to delimit genomic regions under positive selection. Some of the candidate genes are involved in biological processes and pathways linked to meat quality attributes. Furthermore, some of the candidate genes are associated with tropical adaptation to heat tolerance and resistance to disease. Significant SNP variation found in this study suggests that these markers could be useful for genetic research in Ethiopian cattle breeds.
Predictive value of aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase (De Ritis) ratio for detecting bowel necrosis in patients with incarcerated inguinal hernia
Authors: Turan Umit , Dirim Ahmet Baris 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Early diagnosis of necrotic bowel segment resulting from incarcerated inguinal hernia (IIH) is crucial for reducing morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the De Ritis ratio (DRR), also known as the ratio of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to alanine aminotransferase (ALT), as a biomarker for intestinal necrosis.
Methods
This retrospective study included 132 patients who underwent emergency surgery for IIH. Patients were divided into two groups: those who underwent bowel resection for necrosis (group-1) and those who did not (group-2). Patients' demographic data, hernia type, postoperative morbidity and mortality, length of hospital stay, laboratory test results of AST, ALT, CRP (C-reactive protein), WBC (white blood cell), neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet, monocyte counts at the time of diagnosis was recorded. Using these laboratory values, DRR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), lymphocyte-to-CRP ratio (LCR) were calculated.
Results
Of the patients, 45 (34.1%) underwent bowel resection for necrosis. The morbidity, mortality rates and the length of stay for group 1 were statistically significantly different (p < 0.0001). The DRR, NLR, PLR, LMR, LCR values of the same group were also significantly different (p < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic analysis of these markers showed that NLR, PLR, and DRR were the most significant markers for the diagnosis of bowel necrosis (AUC = 0.767; 0.697; 0.684 respectively).
Conclusion
DRR can be used as a biomarker for early diagnosis of bowel necrosis in patients with IIH.
Safety, Immunogenicity and Antibody Persistence of a Bivalent Beta-Containing Booster Vaccine
Authors: Chalkias Spyros , Eder Frank , Essink Brandon , Khetan Shishir , Nestorova Biliana , Feng Jing , Chen Xing , Chang Ying , Zhou Honghong , Montefiori David , Edwards Darin K. , Girard Bethany , Pajon Rolando , Leav Brett , Walsh Stephen R. , Baden Lindsey R. , Miller Jacqueline M. , Das Rituparna 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants have caused multiple waves of infection globally. This phase 2/3 study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of the bivalent vaccine candidate mRNA-1273.211 (equal mRNA amounts of ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and Beta variant spike proteins) as 50-µg (n=300) and 100-µg (n=595) first booster doses approximately 8.8-9.8 months after the mRNA-1273 primary series. The mRNA-1273.211 booster (50 and 100-µg) elicited higher neutralizing antibody responses against the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and the Beta variant than that after the second mRNA‑1273 dose. Antibody responses after the 50-µg mRNA-1273.211 booster dose were also higher than that after a 50-µg mRNA-1273 booster dose for the ancestral SARS-CoV-2, Beta, Omicron and Delta variants (28 days after the booster dose) and for the ancestral SARS-CoV-2, Beta and Omicron (180 days after the booster dose), and the immunogenicity objectives were met. The safety and reactogenicity profile of the mRNA-1273.211 booster (50-µg) was comparable to mRNA-1273 (50-µg). These results indicate that bivalent booster vaccines can induce potent and durable antibody responses providing a new tool in response to emerging variants. Trial registration: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT04927065
Climate-driven convergent evolution on sky islands
Authors: Love Sarah , Schweitzer Jennifer , Bailey Joseph 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Climate-induced evolution will determine population persistence in a changing world. However, finding natural systems in which to study these responses has been a barrier to estimating the impact of global change on a broad scale. Here we hypothesize that isolated sky islands (SI) and adjacent mountain chains (MC) can serve as natural laboratories for studying the impact of long-term climatic pressures on natural populations. We used greenhouse common garden trees to test whether populations on SI exposed to hot and dry climates since the Pleistocene have diverged from populations on MC, and if populations on SI have converged in their evolutionary responses. We show: (1) in the southwestern U.S., isolated SI are significantly hotter and drier than adjacent MC, (2) populations of Populus angustifolia from SI have diverged from MC in reproductive and productivity traits, (3) these traits (cloning and aboveground biomass, respectively) are significantly correlated, suggesting a genetic linkage between the traits, and (4) that the observed phenotypic change is driven both by natural selection and genetic drift. These results suggest that long-lived tree populations on distantly related SI have evolved in response to long-term selective pressures and genetic drift by converging on similar phenotypes and diverging from phenotypes on MC. These shifts are towards potentially beneficial phenotypes for population persistence in a changing world. These results also suggest that the SI-MC comparison is an ideal natural laboratory, as well as predictive framework, for studying responses to climate change across the globe.
MNT suppresses T cell apoptosis via BIM and is vital for MYC-driven T lymphomagenesis
Authors: Nguyen Hai Vu , Vandenberg Cassandra J , Robati Mikara R , Ng Ashley P , Cory Suzanne 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The importance of c-MYC in regulating normal lymphopoiesis and promoting lymphomagenesis is well-established, but far less appreciated is the vital supporting role of MYC’s relative MNT. We show here that, during normal T cell development, MNT loss enhances apoptosis and establish the mechanism as elevated expression of the pro-apoptotic BH3-only protein BIM. Using a MYC transgenic mouse model, we also show that MNT loss reduces the pool of premalignant MYC-driven T cells and totally abrogates thymic T lymphomagenesis. Taken together with our recent demonstration that MNT is vital for the survival of MYC-driven premalignant and malignant B lymphoid cells, these results suggest that MNT represents an important new drug target for both T and B lymphoid malignancies.
Research on the Evaluation of Natural Disaster Recovery
Authors: Shaoxiong Xu , Shaoxiong Xu , Du Zhuoqun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Post-disaster restoration and reconstruction are important means to support and help areas where natural disasters occur to restore normal production and living order. Assessing the gap between the effects of restoration and reconstruction and the goals of reconstruction planning, as well as studying the expected demand gaps of different subjects, is the core objective of the evaluation of the effects of post-disaster restoration and reconstruction. Based on the summary and analysis of the practical experience of natural disaster recovery and reconstruction in China, a post-disaster recovery and reconstruction effect evaluation index system with 6 levels and 37 underlying indicators has been constructed, and based on the post-disaster recovery and reconstruction planning, two perspectives of coincidence and multi-subject demand evaluation have been achieved. An empirical analysis was made on the recovery and reconstruction of the “8.7 Zhouqu Debris Flow” disaster. Post-disaster reconstruction should be “people-oriented,” starting from the actual situation of local cultural value restoration, focusing on the long-term goal of sustainable development of the ecological environment, grasping the short-term goal of restoring economic development, and focusing on key projects. Suggestions for the optimization of the economic stimulus of the project have also been put forward. Empirical research shows that the post-disaster recovery and reconstruction plan of the “8.7 Zhouqu debris flow” disaster achieves excellent consistency; the evaluation value of the post-disaster recovery and reconstruction effect based on the needs of multiple entities is good.
A Comparative Study on Sedation Efficacy Between General and Regional Anesthesia
with Dexmedetomidine in Patients Under Maxillofacial Surgery
Authors: Yanan Jiang , Hui Ding , Jianwei Guo , Ronglin Liu , Lijuan Zhu , Jing Zhao 
Published: April 2022

Background and Objective:
Securing the airway in the surgery of maxillofacial disorders and traumas is
fundamental during the operation. The present study aims to investigate the beneficial sedative effects of dexmedetomidine
(DEX) in patients who underwent maxillofacial surgery with regional anesthesia compared to general
anesthesia.

Methods:
Fifty patients, aged 20-45 years old were randomly divided into two groups of regional anesthesia (RA)
and general anesthesia (GA) (each n=25). The group RA received regional block with sedation (DEX: 1 μg/kg infused
over 10 min followed by the maintenance dose of 0.5 μg/kg/h) and the group GA underwent general anesthesia
(DEX: 0.1 μg/kg/min over 10 min followed by 0.4–0.7 μg/kg/h). Postoperative pain scores, anesthesia outcomes,
hemodynamic parameters, the time of the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) discharge and intra and postoperative
complications were comparatively assessed in both groups.

Results:
The baseline characteristics of the patients (age, gender, BMI, and ASA physical status) showed no differences
between the two groups (P>0.05). Although the duration of surgery and recovery time showed no differences
between the groups, the duration of anesthesia and extubation time was remarkably lower in the RA group than in the
GA group (P<0.01). Administration of nerve blocks demonstrated less pain and longer sleep time in the postoperative
phase as compared to the GA group. Heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure were significantly less in the RA
group at the end of the loading dose of DEX and incision time (P<0.05). SpO2, respiration rate and Ramsay sedation
scale did not exhibit any significant differences between the two groups at all-time points (P>0.05). No significant
differences were observed with regard to the adverse events between the two groups (P>0.05).

Conclusions:
Although our findings revealed that both methods are suitable and safe methods for maxillofacial surgery,
the outcomes of anesthesia with regional block and sedation include less pain in the postoperative phase, shorter
extubation time and earlier discharge from the PACU demonstrated that this method is more reliable for maxillofacial
surgery. Further controlled studies are needed to compare the effectiveness and safety profiles of two RA and
GA techniques and also to compare DEX with other anesthetic agents to achieve optimum outcomes in maxillofacial
surgeries.
FLG Gene Mutation Up-regulates the Abnormal Tumor Immune Response and Promotes the Progression of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Xu Yong , Zhang Zhihong , Zhang Peng , An Zesheng , Sun Changhai 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Prostate Cancer (PCa) ranks sixth with regard to the cause of cancerinduced
male diseases worldwide, and inflammation is closely associated with its morbidity, deterioration,
and prognosis. Tumor Mutation Burden (TMB) is identified to be the most common biomarker
for the prediction of immunotherapy. But it is still unclear about the relationship of gene
mutations in PCa with TMB and immune response.

Objective:
To study the relationship between gene mutation and anti-tumor immune response in
the prostate cancer tumor microenvironment.

Methods:
In the present work, the PCa somatic mutation data were collected from the International
Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets.

Results:
As a result, 8 genes with high mutation frequency, including TP53, PTEN, TTN, FLG,
CTNNB1, SPOP, MUC16, and KMT2C, were discovered to be covered by 4 cohorts from the United
States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and China. Overall, the FLG mutation was related to a
greater TMB, which predicted the dismal prognostic outcome. Besides, the CIBERSORT algorithm
and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were adopted for analysis, which revealed that FLG
mutation remarkably promoted immune response in the context of PCa and accelerated cancer development.
To sum up, FLG shows a high mutation frequency in PCa, and is related to the increase
in TMB, up-regulation of abnormal immune responses in tumors, and promotion of tumor progression.

Conclusion:
Therefore, it may be used as a biomarker to predict the abnormal immune responses
and provide a therapeutic target for immunotherapy in the treatment of PCa.
Superamphiphilic Polymeric Coating in Membrane Application: A Mini-
Review
Authors: Falah Sara , Ghorbani Mohsen , Azimifar Mohamadreza 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Membrane technology as one of the most efficient and cost-effective separation methods has been mainly considered for different applications. But as with any method, there are some special drawbacks in membranes such as fouling, concentration polarization, and durability, which can limit the membrane performance in terms of permeate flux and solute rejection. Superamphiphilic polymers have different applications in different fields which include liquid-liquid separation membranes, self-healing, antifouling, self-cleaning, and adsorbent coatings. Recently, these kinds of coatings were applied on different membrane systems and the effects of coating on the membrane performance were evaluated. As a review, an overview on the most common methods for manufacturing membranes with superamphiphilic surface, a general review of the explored practical applications of such coatings in membranes, conclusions about the current situation of research, and commercial applications of superamphiphilic membranes are presented in this study.
Atypical Debut of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis as Acute Tonsilitis and Strawberry Gum: A Case Report
Authors: Santos Cristiana Sieiro , Morales Clara Moriano , Castro Carolina Álvarez , Alvarez Elvira Diez 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a systemic necrotizing vasculitis
characterized by necrosis, granulomatous inflammation, and vasculitis. It is characterized by
the triad of the upper and lower respiratory system, lung, and kidney disease. Although it is usually
a multisystemic disease, limited forms have also been described, and otolaryngological involvement
is the first manifestation in up to 80-95% of the cases.

Case Presentation:
In this report, we describe the case of an ANCA negative patient with a limited
form of GPA that presented a necrotic lesion confined to the right tonsil compatible with granulomatosis
with polyangiitis, which later presented positive ANCA antibodies. Oral lesions may be the
initial manifestation of GPA, and systemic involvement can be presented within weeks or months.
Although the oral manifestations have been well described, the initial presentation with oral lesions
is very rare, and presentation with oropharyngeal manifestation is even rarer.
This disease is generally characterized by anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA);
however, there are rare cases with negative ANCA.

Conclusion:
The diagnosis was established based on the clinical presentation and the histopathological
findings of the characteristic inflammatory pattern.
The Prognostic Effect of Clinical and Laboratory Findings on in-hospital
Mortality in Patients with Confirmed COVID-19 Disease
Authors: Mousavi-Roknabadi Razieh Sadat , Jangjou Ali , Faramarzi Hossein , Neydani Alireza , Hosseini-Marvast Seyed Rouhollah , Moqadas Mostafa 
Published: April 2022

Background:
COVID-19 is known as a global health issue, which can cause high mor-bidity and mortality in patients. It is necessary to identify biomarkers, clinical and laboratory find-ings and effects on patients' mortality.

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic effect of clinical and laboratory findings on in-hospital mortality in patients with confirmed COVID-19.

Methods:
This retrospective cross-sectional study (February-August 2020) was conducted on adult patients with COVID-19 who were hospitalized in one of the main reference hospitals affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, southern Iran. Patients with uncompleted or missed medical files were excluded from the study. Clinical and laboratory findings were extracted from the patients' medical files and then analyzed. The patients were categorized and later compared as survivor and nonsurvivors groups.

Results:
345 patients were enrolled and 205 (59.4%) were male. The mean±SD of age was 53.67±16.97 years, and 32 (9.3%) out of the total did not survive. Hypertension (28.4%) and diabe-tes (25.5%) were the most prevalent comorbidities. All clinical symptoms were similar in both groups, except fever, which was observed significantly more in nonsurvivors (P=0.027). The dura-tion of hospitalization was 9.20±5.62 (range; 2-42) days, which was higher in nonsurvivors (P<0.001). The results of Multivariate Logistic Regression Model showed that CRP (OR=1.032, P=0.01) and INR (OR=48.88, P=0.049) were the predictor factors for in-hospital mortality in hospi-talized patie<nts with confirmed COVID-19.

Conclusion:
The current study showed that in-hospital mortality was 9.3%. It was found that CRP and INR were the predictor factors for in-hospital mortality in hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19.
Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on the Delayed-Onset
Muscle Soreness (DOMS) and Inflammatory Response among Athletes
and Non-Athletes
Authors: Mesta Krishna , Medithi Srujana 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Nutrition plays a vital role in fuelling an athlete for any sports event.
The proper nutrition helps in better performance and better recovery of an athlete. Nutraceutical
omega-3 fatty acids have shown to have a potential contribution to their performance output, recovery,
and health/injury risk.

Objective:
The study aims to understand omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and review the required
dose and duration of the intervention sufficient to confer any potential health benefit.

Methods:
The review was carried out using Google Scholar and PubMed databases. Studies were
selected based on omega-3 fatty acid supplementation to improve muscle functioning and inflammation.
In contrast, those studies based on animal models, pregnant women, or review articles
were excluded from this review. Studies among athletes and non-athletes were selected and
categorised.

Results:
Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation among athletes has provided substantial evidence
of their health benefits in peripheral neuromuscular conditions, anaerobic endurance, muscle
soreness, and reduced inflammation. It also hinted at the possible beneficial role of omega-3 fatty
acid in supplementation and other sports beverages to help muscle health. Among non-athletes, it
was observed that omega-3 fatty acids also help decrease the levels of inflammatory markers
among non-athletes, and it helps improve muscle soreness after intense physical activity.
Besides, it helps prevent muscle disuse atrophy, which could help injured individuals.

Conclusion:
The dose range of 1.1 g to 7 g for 2 weeks to 4 months can be effective for individuals,
whether athletes or non-athletes.