bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marine nitrogen fixation as a possible source of atmospheric water-soluble organic nitrogen aerosols in the subtropical North Pacific
Authors: Dobashi Tsukasa , Miyazaki Yuzo , Tachibana Eri , Takahashi Kazutaka , Horii Sachiko , Iwamoto Yoko , Wong Shu-Kuan , Hamasaki Koji 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Water-soluble organic nitrogen (WSON) in marine atmospheric aerosol affects water-solubility, acidity, and light-absorbing properties of aerosol particles, which are important parameters in assessing both the climate impact and the biogeochemical cycling of bioelements. Size-segregated aerosol and surface seawater (SSW) samples were simultaneously collected over the subtropical North Pacific to investigate the origin of WSON in the marine atmosphere. The submicrometer WSON concentration (7.5 ± 6.6 ngN m− 3) at 200–240ºE along 23ºN defined as the eastern North Pacific (ENP) was significantly higher than that (2.4 ± 1.9 ngN m− 3) at 135–200ºE, defined as the western North Pacific (WNP). Analysis of the stable carbon isotope ratio of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) (δ13CWSOC) indicated that most of the observed WSON in the fine particles in the ENP originated from the ocean surface. We found a significant positive correlation between the WSON concentrations and nitrogen fixation rate in SSW. The result indicates that reactive nitrogen (dissolved organic nitrogen and ammonium), produced and exuded by nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in SSW, significantly contributed to the formation of WSON aerosols. These results provide new insights into the role of ocean-derived reactive nitrogen aerosol associated with marine microbial activity.
Adsorption of 60Co and 154+152Eu using graft copolymer of starch-polyacrylic acid-polyvinylsulfonic acid
Authors: Ghamry Mohamed Abdelhamid , Abdelmonem Islam 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Graft copolymer of starch-polyacrylic acid-polyvinylsulfonic acid (St-g-PAA-PVSA) was synthesized by gamma radiation as an initiator. The chemical structure, morphology, and thermal stability of the graft copolymer were investigated using FTIR, SEM, and TGA. St-g-PAA-PVSA graft copolymer was employed as an adsorbent for the removal of cobalt(II) and europium(III) radionuclides from their aqueous solutions by batch adsorption method. Several experimental factors such as pH, contact time, initial concentration of adsorbate, and temperature were used to find the best conditions for the removal of cobalt(II) and europium(III) radionuclides. The pseudo-second order kinetic model better fit the adsorption kinetic data of radionuclides. Langmuir models had the ability to well describe the equilibrium data of adsorption of radionuclides. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated and suggested the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous in nature. Among the examined desorbing agents, both AlCl3 and HCl were succeeded to desorb most of radionuclides.
Risk factors for nasal polyps, a case-control study
Authors: Shoaib Salwan , Yaghi Ameer , Kahal Fares , Kadri Saeed , Nahas Louei Darjazini 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background : Nasal polyposis is considered one of the most common diseases that cause obstruction of the respiratory tract and impede the patient's quality of life.Aims : The aim is to determine if smoking and body mass index are risk factors for hyperplastic nasal polyps in patients with chronic obstructive rhinitis and allergic rhinitis, and thus conducting early diagnostic investigations to detect the disease early and limit its development. Methods : A cross-sectional case control study was conducted that includes patients who came to Damascus Hospital with complaints of chronic obstruction of the nose and chronic allergies that doesn’t respond to conventional treatments and who met the entry criteria and patients from ENT Division without symptoms of obstructive respiratory tracts .Results : 120 patients were included in the study and were distributed as follows: 60 patients with nasal polyps and 60 patients without nasal polyps. The arithmetic mean of age in the group of cases was 31 ± 16.7 years, while in the controls 32.2 ± 18.3, the BMI value was expressed as the arithmetic mean and it was 30.5 ± 4.16 years, while in the controls 23.6 ± 4.30, and the sex ratio was equal between cases and controls with A statistically non-significant value p = 1.000, while the proportion of smokers in cases was 70%, while in controls 37%, with a statistically significant value p = 0.0003.Conclusion : Smoking and body mass index had a statistically significant relation with the development of nasal polyposis .
Dual Functional Alginate and Collagen-Based Injectable Hydrogel for Treatment of Cancer and Its Metastasis
Authors: Hwang Juyoung , An Eun-Koung , Zhang Wei , Jin Jun-O 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
For prevention of recurrence and metastasis, immunotherapies against cancer has been gaining attention. Cancer immunotherapy can induce memory immunity against cancer antigens which selectively kills the cancer. However, there are difficulties for inducing cancer antigen-specific immune activity due to limited cancer antigen. In this study, we synthesized dual functional hydrogel for inducing antigen generation and immune activation.
Methods
To elicit cancer self-antigen specific immune activation, we synthesized an alginate-collagen-based injectable hydrogel, called thermal responsive hydrogel (pTRG), incorporated with indocyanine green and immune stimulator polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C). pTRG was evaluated for its anticancer and anti-metastatic effects against CT-26 carcinoma and 4T1 breast tumor in mice by combining photothermal therapy (PTT) and immunotherapy.
Results
Irradiation of near-infrared (NIR) promoted elevation of temperatures in the pTRG, consequently promoting the therapeutic effect of tumors in mice. The cured mice from the CT-26 tumor challenged by pTRG prevented the second challenge of metastatic cancer growth in the lung mediated by cancer antigen-specific T cell immunity. Moreover, in 4T1 tumors, one of the candidate tumor models for PTT, pTRG successfully treated 1st challenged tumor by PTT and inhibited the second challenge of 4T1 tumor growth in the lung. To further evaluate the carrier function of TRGs, different types of immunotherapeutic molecules were incorporated into TRGs and showed effective elimination against the first challenged CT-26 tumor and prevention of second challenge metastatic cancer growth in the lung.
Conclusions
These data demonstrate that TRG is a smart material not only for treating primary tumors, but also for preventing metastasis and recurrence.
Prediction of Fusarium Head Blight Resistance QTL Haplotypes Through Molecular Markers, Genotyping-by-Sequencing, and Machine Learning
Authors: Winn Zachary J , Lyerly Jeanette , Brown-Guedira Gina , Boyles Richard E. , Mergoum Mohamed , Johnson Jerry , Harrison Stephen , Babar Ali , Mason Richard E. , Sutton Russell , Murphy J. Paul 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Breeders screen germplasm with molecular markers to identify and select individuals that have desirable haplotypes. The objective of this research was to investigate if QTL haplotypes can be accurately predicted using SNPs derived by genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). In the SunGrains program during 2020 (SG20) and 2021 (SG21), 2376 and 3423 lines submitted for GBS were genotyped for the Fusarium head blight QTL: Fhb1, Qfhb.vt-1B, Qfhb.nc-1A, and Qfhb.nc-4A. In parallel, data were compiled from the 2011-2019 Southern Uniform Winter Wheat Scab Nursery (SUWWSN), which had been screened for the same QTL, sequenced via GBS, and phenotyped for: severity (SEV), percent Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK), deoxynivalenol content (DON), plant height, and heading date. Three machine learning models were evaluated: random forest, k-nearest neighbors, and gradient boosting machine. Data were randomly partitioned into training-testing splits. The QTL haplotype and 100 most correlated GBS SNPs were used for training and tuning of each model. Trained machine learning models were used to predict QTL haplotypes in the testing partition of SG20, SG21, and the total SUWWSN. Observed and predicted QTL haplotypes effects were compared in the SUWWSN. For all models trained using the SG20 and SG21, the observed Fhb1 haplotype estimated effects for SEV, FDK, DON, plant height, and heading date in the SUWWSN were not significantly different from any of the predicted Fhb1 call effects. This indicated that machine learning may be utilized in breeding programs to accurately impute QTL haplotypes in earlier generations via a GBS and KASP genotyped training population.
Effects of the Media Conditioned by Various Macrophage Subtypes Derived from THP-1 Cells on Tunneling Nanotube Formation in Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Lee Chia-Wei , Kuo Chia-Chen , Liang Chi-Jung , Pan Huei-Jyuan , Shen Chia-Ning , Lee Chau-Hwang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are special membrane structures for intercellular communications. Vital cargoes (such as mitochondria) could be delivered from healthy cells to rescue damaged ones through TNTs. The TNTs could be utilized for the purpose of systematic delivery of therapeutic agents between cells. However, there are insufficient studies on the controlled enhancement of TNT formations. The purpose of this study is to understand how macrophages influence the TNT formation in cancer cells.
Results
Here we compared the capabilities of inducing TNTs in human pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1) of the media conditioned by M0, M1 and M2 macrophages derived from THP-1 cells. The M0 and M1 macrophage conditioned media promoted TNT formation. Using a focused ion beam to cut through a TNT, we observed tunnel-like structures inside dense cytoskeletons with scanning electron microscopy. The TNT formation correlated with raised motility, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in the PANC-1 cells. Mitochondria and lysosomes were also found to be transported in the TNTs.
Conclusions
These results suggest the TNT formation could be one of the responses to the immune stress in pancreatic cancer cells caused by M0 and M1 macrophages. This finding is valuable for the development of macrophage-targeting cancer therapy.
Unravelling the Impact of Insecticide-treated Bed Nets on Childhood Malaria in Malawi
Authors: Tangena Julie-Anne A , Mategula Donnie , Sedda Luigi , Atkinson Peter M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: To achieve malaria elimination it is essential to understand the impact of insecticide-treated net (ITNs) programmes. Here, the impact of ITN access and use on malaria prevalence in children in Malawi was investigated using Malaria Indicator Survey (MIS) data.Methods: MIS data from 2012, 2014 and 2017 were used to investigate the relationship between malaria prevalence in children (6 to 59 months) and ITN use. Generalised linear modelling (GLM), geostatistical mixed regression modelling and non-stationary GLM were undertaken to evaluate trends, spatial patterns and local dynamics, respectively.Results: Malaria prevalence in Malawi was 27.1 % (95% CI 23.1 -31.2 ) in 2012 and similar in both 2014 (32.1 %, 95%CI 25.5-38.7) and 2017 (23.9 %, 95%CI 20.3-27.4). ITN coverage and use increased during the same time period, with population access growing from 33.1 % (95%CI 29.8-36.4) of the population potentially sleeping under an ITN the previous night to 58.4 % (95%CI 56.2-60.6) and ITN use from 41.1 % (95% CI 37.3-44.9) of the population sleeping under an ITN the previous night to 57.4 % (95% CI 55.0-59.9). The behavioural gap disappeared while the ownership gap persisted. Both the geostatistical and non-stationary GLM regression models showed child malaria prevalence had a negative association with ITN population access and a positive association with ITN use. The non-stationary GLM highlighted the large variation in the relationship between childhood malaria and ITN use across the country. Conclusion: ITNs are effective in controlling childhood malaria in Malawi, although the impact was heterogeneous across the country. This study presents an important modelling approach that allows malaria control programs to spatially disentangle the impact of interventions on malaria cases.
Analyzing Integrated Network of Methylation and Gene Expression Profiles in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Heryanto Yusri Dwi , Katayama Kotoe , Imoto Seiya 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Gene expression, DNA methylation, and their organizational relationships are commonly altered in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). To elucidate these complex interactions, we reconstructed a differentially expressed genes (DEGs) network and differentially methylated cytosine (DMCs) network by partial information decomposition and inverse correlation algorithm, respectively. Then, we performed graph union to integrate the networks. The community detection and enrichment analysis of the integrated network revealed the tight interaction between the gene sets of the cell cycle, keratinization, immune system, and xenobiotic metabolism in LUSC. The DMCs analysis showed that the hypomethylation targeted the gene sets that were responsible for cell cycle, keratinization, and NRF2 pathway. In other hand, hypermethylated genes affected the circulatory system development, immune system, extracellular matrix organization, and cilium organization. By centrality measurement, we detected NCAPG2, PSMG3, and FADD as hub genes which were highly connected to other nodes and might play important roles in LUSC gene dysregulation. We also found that the high betweenness centrality genes affect the patients' survival. These results showed the integrated network analysis enabled us to obtain the global view of the interactions and regulations in LUSC.
Commercial Determinants of Health Watch: a scoping review and pilot study for systematic monitoring of lobbying and political donations
Authors: Lacy-Nichols Jennifer , Johnson Maggie , Cullerton Katherine 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The commercial determinants of health include in a range of practices to promote business interests, often at the expense of public health. Political practices, such as lobbying and campaign donations, are used to influence policy makers and foster a political and regulatory environment conducive to business interests. Despite recognition of their public health importance, there are relatively few efforts to systematically monitor commercial political practices.
Methods
First, a rapid scoping review of the peer-reviewed and grey literature explored the public health research undertaken in Australia on lobbying and political contributions. Six databases, two Google Advanced searches and 12 Australian public health websites were searched. Second, a pilot study was conducted to develop mechanisms to monitor lobbying and political contribution activities for ‘harmful industries’ (alcohol, gambling, ultra-processed food and tobacco industries) in Australia. Two publicly available datasets were used: ministerial diaries for New South Wales and annual donor filings from the Australian Electoral Commission. Google Data Studio was used to analyse and visualise findings.
Results
The scoping review identified 1162 documents from the database searches and 19 documents from the grey literature for screening. 15 studies were included in the review, published between 2006 and 2020. Interviews were the most common data source; other sources included policy documents, lobbyist registers, ministerial diaries, company websites and social media. The pilot study found that between July 2014 and December 2020, NSW ministers had 20,607 meetings, of which 634 meetings were with harmful industries. And between 1998 and 2020, a total of $576,519,472 disclosed donations were made to political parties and other entities, of which $35,823,937 were from harmful industries.
Conclusions
Analysis of lobbying and political contributions in Australia is a nascent but expanding area of public health research, though there are few examples of systematic monitoring or empirical research. Opportunities to develop a program to monitor commercial political practices face several challenges including access barriers arising from poor availability and quality of data, technical barriers arising from the format of data disclosures and coding challenges arising from the diverse nature of the commercial sector.
Observation of short-term curative effect of femoral neck system for femoral neck fracture in adults
Authors: tian shoujin , ge jianfei , lin xiaolong , zhang wei , liu su , sheng xiaolei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The femoral neck system is a potentially effective implant for treating femoral neck fractures, However, there are few studies on the postoperative outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate short-term curative effect of FNS for femoral neck fracture in adults.
Methods
We retrospectively collected data from 29 patients who underwent surgery treated with FNS in our hospital between June 2019 and November 2020. General data (such as age, gender, type of fracture, cause of injury) of all patients were collected, meanwhile, the operative time, intraoperative blood loss, number of fluoroscopies, time before surgery were recorded. hip function was evaluated using the Harris Hip Score (HHS) six months and one year after surgery. At last, we recorded complications, including femoral head necrosis, nonunion, and femoral neck shortening.
Results
All the patients completed at least 12 months(average 16.07 months) follow-ups, the quality of reduction were assessed: excellent in 9 patients, good in 16 patients and fair in four. The mean femoral neck shortening is 3.87mm,four patients achieved bone healing at two months demonstrated by radiograph. Nonunion occurred in one patient and osteonecrosis of the femoral head occurred in two.
Conclusion
In the short-term observation, satisfactory results showed in the treatment of femoral neck fractures in adults with FNS. Complications such as osteonecrosis of femoral head or nonunion were rare. Patients treated with FNS obtained good hip function recovery by early partial-weight bearing.
Metformin in the management of patients with diabetes and advanced heart failure (HFrEF): a propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Benes Jan , Kotrc Martin , Kroupova Katerina , Wohlfahrt Peter , Kovar Jan , Franekova Janka , Hegarova Marketa , Hoskova Lenka , Hoskova Eva , Pelikanova Terezie , Jarolim Petr , Kautzner Josef , Melenovsky Vojtech 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: The role of metformin (MET) in the treatment of patients with advanced HFrEF and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is not firmly established. We studied the impact of MET on metabolic profile, quality of life (QoL) and survival in these patients. Methods: A total of 847 stable patients with advanced HFrEF (57.4± 11.3 years, 67.7% NYHA III/IV, LVEF 23.6± 5.8%) underwent clinical and laboratory evaluation and were prospectively followed for a median of 1126 (IQRs 410; 1781) days for occurrence of death, urgent heart transplantation or mechanical circulatory support implantation. Results: A subgroup of 380 patients (44.9%) had DM, 87 of DM patients (22.9%) were treated with MET. Despite worse insulin sensitivity and more severe DM (higher BMI, HbA1c, worse insulin resistance), MET-treated patients exhibited lower BNP, higher eGFR, better LV and RV function, less mitral and tricuspid regurgitation, were using smaller doses of diuretics (all p< 0.05) and had better QoL (MLHFQ: 36 vs. 48 points, p= 0.002). Compared to diabetics treated with other glucose-lowering agents, MET-treated patients had better event-free survival even after adjustment for BNP, BMI and eGFR (p= 0.035). Propensity score-matched analysis with 17 covariates yielded 81 pairs of patients and showed a significantly better survival for MET-treated subgroup (p= 0.01).Conclusion: MET treatment in patients with advanced HFrEF and DM is associated with better quality of life and improved outcome, by mechanisms beyond the improvement of blood glucose control. MET should stay among frontline drugs for treatment of DM in patients with HFrEF.
Exigency of establishment of Skills University in Kalyana-Karnataka region of Karnataka state
Authors: Parveen Rubina 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Skills University (SU) is crucial to improve the standard of living of youth by making them more employable in Kalyana-Karnataka (KK) region. Till now, very few research works have been conducted related to the establishment of SU in backward areas and very few SU exists pan India. The methodology is conceived by collecting primary inputs from the statistics available on the global open platforms and amount of practical knowledge acquisition is empirical. Analysis shows that there is exigency of SU in KK region to remove the perception of regional imbalance , avoid reluctance of youth to opt vocational education. Restructuring of youth thinking by removing inferior perception on skill education as compared to formal education. The study implies that after completion of this skill education in SU majority of the youth enhance their confidence level to start their own enterprise without depending on others/ to get jobs in local. 9. Conclusion Kalyana Karnataka (KK) region is on the way to eradicate regional imbalance by skilling its youth. Establishment of Skills University (SU) will empower youth of the KK region with skill sets which make them more employable and more productive
Cryptococcal osteomyelitis of the left acetabulum: A case report
Authors: Zhou Changning , Zhang Jing , Chen Yang , Ding Xing , Chen Fen , Feng Kai , Chen Kuntao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Cryptococcus, as a classical “opportunistic” fungal pathogen, is capable of disseminating an invasive infection in immunocompromised hosts. The primary sites of infection include the respiratory and central nervous systems, and skeletal infection was rarely reported. In this case, we describe a case of cryptococcal osteomyelitis involving the left side of the acetabulum in a Chinese patient with chronic hepatitis B. Case presentation: We retrospectively reviewed the case of a female (with chronic hepatitis B) with left acetabulum pain and limited mobility, with fever occurring during the infection who presented to the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University. Upon imaging, we found osteolytic bone destruction in the left acetabulum with inflammatory changes in the surrounding bone and soft tissue, accompanied by abscess formation. Following an 11-month of antifungal therapy, the clinical symptoms improved and the lesion area reduced in size. In addition, there was no sign of recurrence.Conclusion: Cryptococcus infections should be considered in the differential diagnosis of infectious osteolytic bone lesions, particularly when patients with immune insufficiency. Pathological examinations and fungal cultures are essential to provide a differential diagnosis.
Atypical presentation of bilateral Epstein-Barr virus dacryoadenitis: A case report of corticosteroid resistant orbital inflammation
Authors: Sweeney Adam R. , Tan Charissa H. , Tauchi-Nishi Pamela S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus is a known cause of dacryoadenitis that is typically sensitive to corticosteroid treatment. When affecting the orbit, particularly the lacrimal gland, Epstein-Barr virus may cause chronic proptosis and a bilateral lacrimal mass effect. We provide a case of bilateral Epstein-Barr virus associated dacryoadenitis initially resistant to corticosteroid treatment requiring biopsy and confirmation by polymerase chain reaction of lacrimal tissue. Herein, we discuss the presentation with associated magnetic resonance imaging and histopathologic images, diagnostic dilemma, and treatment of an atypical case.