bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Within‐ and between‐person effects of naltrexone on the subjective response to alcohol and craving: A daily diary investigation
Authors: Waddell Jack T. , Corbin William R. , MacKinnon David P. , Leeman Robert F. , DeMartini Kelly S. , Fucito Lisa M. , Kranzler Henry R. , O’Malley Stephanie S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveNaltrexone is an effective treatment for heavy drinking among young adults. Laboratory‐based studies have shown that naltrexone dampens the subjective response to alcohol and craving. However, few studies have tested naltrexone's dynamic, within‐person effects on subjective response and craving among young adults in natural drinking environments.MethodsUsing daily diary data from a randomized, placebo‐controlled study of naltrexone's efficacy in young adults, we examined the between‐person effects of treatment condition (i.e., naltrexone vs. placebo) and medication dosage (i.e., daily, targeted, and daily + targeted) on the subjective response to alcohol and craving on drinking days. Multilevel mediation models predicted subjective response and craving from treatment condition (between‐person) and medication dosage (within‐person), accounting for drinking levels. All effects were disaggregated within and between persons.ResultsAt the between‐person level, naltrexone directly blunted intense subjective effects (i.e., “impaired”, “drunk”) and indirectly blunted subjective effects through reduced drinking. Naltrexone was not associated with craving. Between‐person effects were not significant after alpha correction, but their effect sizes (bs = 0.14 to 0.17) exceeded the smallest effect size of interest. At the within‐person level, taking two (vs. 1) pills was associated with heavier drinking, and taking one (vs. 0) pill was associated with lighter drinking, and lighter drinking was associated with a lower subjective response and craving. Treatment condition did not moderate the within‐person effects of dosing on outcomes.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the direct between‐person effect of naltrexone was largest on intense subjective responses, blunting feelings of being “drunk” and “impaired”. Future research using momentary (rather than daily) assessments could confirm and extend these findings.
Evaluation and modification of French screening guidelines for retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Barjol Amandine , Lux Anne Laure , Dureau Pascal , Chapron Thibaut , Metge Florence , Abdelmassih Youssef , Caputo Georges 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the current French screening guidelines for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and to suggest modifications to it.MethodsIn this multicentric retrospective, noncomparative, interventional case series we included infants with a gestational age (GA) ≤32 weeks who were screened for ROP by fundus examination between 2011 and 2018. Main Outcome Measures were the presence of ROP and the need for treatment.ResultsA total of 2246 children with a mean GA of 28.9 ± 2.0 weeks and mean birth weight (BW) of 1141.1 ± 332.0 g were screened. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) was found in 683 infants (30.4%), of whom 145 (6.5%) had type 2 ROP and 58 (2.6%) had type 1 ROP. Mean GA of infants with type 1 ROP needing treatment was 25.9 + 1.5 weeks (range: 23.6–30) and mean BW was 774.1 ± 173.7 g (range: 540–1400). Both GA and BW had an impact on the development of type 1 and 2 ROP. None of the infants needing treatment had a GA of 31 weeks or more. None of the children needed treatment before 33 weeks of postmenstrual age (PMA) or 6 weeks of postnatal age (PNA).ConclusionIt seems possible to decrease the screening of premature infants to < 31 weeks of GA and to start screening at 31 weeks PMA for infants having a GA < 26 weeks and at 6 weeks PNA for more mature children.
Dissecting aneurysm of the proper hepatic artery after laparoscopic hepatectomy possibly related to the Pringle maneuver: A case report
Authors: Kurimoto Makoto , Seo Satoru , Yoh Tomoaki , Shimizu Hironori , Masano Yuki , Ogiso Satoshi , Anazawa Takayuki , Ishii Takamichi , Hata Koichiro , Masui Toshihiko , Taura Kojiro , Hatano Etsuro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn hepatectomy, the Pringle maneuver is commonly used, but its association with iatrogenic injury is not yet well understood. This report presents a case of dissecting aneurysm of the proper hepatic artery (PHA) possibly associated with the Pringle maneuver during laparoscopic hepatectomy, that was successfully treated by transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE). The patient was a woman in her 70s, and repeat hepatectomy for liver metastasis of rectal neuroendocrine neoplasm was planned. She underwent hand‐assisted laparoscopic hepatectomy with the Pringle maneuver. On postoperative day (POD) 7, enhanced computed tomography showed a dissecting aneurysm of the PHA. TAE of the PHA to prevent hemorrhage was performed on POD 9 with no complications. Even after TAE, intrahepatic arterial flow was provided by the peribiliary arteries. This case suggests the possibility that the Pringle maneuver can cause a dissecting aneurysm of the hepatic artery.
Nutrient intake, digestibility, growth performance, and carcass of sheep fed urea‐based diet supplemented with natural clinoptilolite
Authors: Sallam Sobhy M. A. , Abo‐Zeid Hassan M. , Abaza Mohamed A. , El‐Zaiat Hani M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractForty‐five male Barki lambs (30.62 ± 4.54 kg BW) were allocated into three treatments designed to evaluate the effect of replacing soybean meal nitrogen with urea supplemented with natural clinoptilolite on performance and carcass characteristics. Lambs were randomly assigned to nine pens blocked according to age and initial BW into three blocks of three pens each assigned to one of three treatments: Control diet: animals received only a basal diet ad libitum, UR diet: urea replaced 68% of SBM nitrogen in the control diet or UR‐Z diet: UR diet supplemented with 20‐g zeolite for 141 days. Lambs fed on UR‐Z diet increased (p < 0.05) total intakes of DM, crude protein digestibility, ADG, FCR, blood glucose and cholesterol concentration. Lambs fed on UR‐Z diet decreased (p < 0.05) ruminal NH3‐N concentration compared to the UR diet. Carcasses from lambs fed on UR diet had greater (p < 0.05) ether extract content, fat thickness, meat yellowness and saturation attributes than those fed on UR‐Z and control diets. Sheep fed on UR‐Z diet made higher economic profit than UR and control diets. Partial replacement of soybean meal with urea supplemented with zeolite seemed to be economically efficient, with comparable performance and carcass attributes in growing lambs diet.
Emerging leptospirosis in urban Sydney dogs: a case series (2017–2020)
Authors: Griebsch C , Kirkwood N , Ward MP , So W , Weerakoon L , Donahoe S , Norris JM 
Published: January 2022

Canine leptospirosis has not been reported in the Sydney dog population since 1976. However, between 2017 and 2020, leptospirosis was confirmed in 17 dogs, five of which were known to hunt rodents. Dogs infected between 2017 and 2019 lived within a 3 km radius in the Inner City of Sydney (n = 11). In 2020, cases emerged across a broader area of Sydney; Inner City (n = 1), Inner West (n = 3), Lower North Shore (n = 1) and Upper North Shore (n = 1). The disease was characterised by severe hepatorenal involvement resulting in an unusually high case fatality rate (88%). In conjunction with supportive clinical signs, diagnosis was confirmed by real‐time PCR on whole blood (n = 1), kidney (n = 1), urine (n = 4), whole blood and urine (n = 9) or by seroconversion (n = 3). Antibody titres determined by Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) to Leptospira serovars were measured in 12 dogs: seven were positive for serovar Copenhageni, one was positive for serovar Hardjo, three were negative for all serovars, likely due to insufficient time for seroconversion before death and one had a low positive titre (1/50) for serovars Australis and Robinsoni. This sudden emergence of a highly fatal disease in pet dogs in Sydney has led to the introduction of Leptospira vaccination protocols for dogs living in inner Sydney using a monovalent vaccine containing serovar Copenhageni. The success of this vaccination program will require ongoing research to understand the emergence of leptospirosis in this region and the serovars involved.
Exosomes in breast cancer management: Where do we stand? A literature review
Authors: Triantafyllou Alexandra , Gazouli Maria , Theodoropoulos Charalampos , Zografos Eleni , Zografos George C. , Michalopoulos Nikolaos V. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundExosomes constitute cellular molecular fingertips that participate in intercellular communication both in health and disease states. Hence, exosomes emerge as critical mediators of cancer development and progression, as well as potential biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets.ObjectiveTo review literature data regarding applications of circulating exosomes in breast cancer management.MethodsThis is a literature review of relevant published studies until April 2020 in PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Original papers in the English language concerning exosome related studies were included.ResultsExosomes represent molecular miniatures of their parent cells. Several homeostatic mechanisms control exosomal secretion and synthesis. Exosomal exchange among cells creates an intricate intercellular crosstalk orchestrating almost every tissue process, as well as carcinogenesis. Available data highlight exosomes as major mediators of cancer development and progression. The secretion of specific exosomal molecules, particularly miRNAs, correlates with the underlying processes and can be used as a means of tumor detection and prognostic assessment.ConclusionsExosomal miRNAs expression profiles and levels closely relate to cancer extent, type and prognosis. Deep comprehension of such correlations and systematization of experimental outcomes will offer a novel approach in cancer detection and management.
Defining usual physiotherapy care in ambulant children with cerebral palsy in the United Kingdom: A mixed methods consensus study
Authors: Rapson Rachel , Latour Jos M. , Marsden Jonathan , Hughes Harriet , Carter Bernie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundAmbulant children with cerebral palsy (CP) undertake physiotherapy to improve balance and walking. However, there are no relevant clinical guidelines to standardize usual physiotherapy care in the United Kingdom. A consensus process can be used to define usual physiotherapy care for children with CP. The resulting usual care checklist can support the development of clinical guidelines and be used to measure fidelity to usual care in the control groups of trials for children with CP.MethodsTwelve expert physiotherapists were recruited. In Phase 1, statements on usual care were developed using a survey and two nominal groups. Phase 2 included a literature review to support usual physiotherapy interventions. Phase 3 used a confirmatory survey, which also captured changes to provision during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Consensus was calculated by deriving the mean of the deviations from the median score (MDM). High consensus was deemed to be where MDM < 0.42.ResultsPhysiotherapists reached high consensus on five outcome measures (MDM range 0–0.375) and nine areas of assessment (MDM range 0–0.25). Physiotherapists reached moderate consensus on task‐specific training (MDM = 0.75), delivered at weekly intensity for 4–6 weeks (MDM = 0.43). There was high consensus (MDM = 0) that children should participate in modified sport and fitness activities and that children with Gross Motor Function Classification System Level III should be monitored on long‐term pathways (MDM = 0.29).ConclusionsPhysiotherapists reached consensus on two usual care interventions, and a checklist was developed to inform the control groups of future randomized controlled trials. Further consensus work is required to establish clinical guidelines to standardize usual physiotherapy care in the United Kingdom.
Global camera trap synthesis highlights the importance of protected areas in maintaining mammal diversity
Authors: Chen Cheng , Brodie Jedediah F. , Kays Roland , Davies T. Jonathan , Liu Runzhe , Fisher Jason T. , Ahumada Jorge , McShea William , Sheil Douglas , Agwanda Bernard , Andrianarisoa Mahandry H. , Appleton Robyn D. , Bitariho Robert , Espinosa Santiago , Grigione Melissa M. , Helgen Kristofer M. , Hubbard Andy , Hurtado Cindy M. , Jansen Patrick A. , Jiang Xuelong , Jones Alex , Kalies Elizabeth L. , Kiebou‐Opepa Cisquet , Li Xueyou , Lima Marcela Guimarães Moreira , Meyer Erik , Miller Anna B. , Murphy Thomas , Piana Renzo , Quan Rui‐Chang , Rota Christopher T. , Rovero Francesco , Santos Fernanda , Schuttler Stephanie , Uduman Aisha , van Bommel Joanna Klees , Young Hilary , Burton A. Cole 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe establishment of protected areas (PAs) is a central strategy for global biodiversity conservation. While the role of PAs in protecting habitat has been highlighted, their effectiveness at protecting mammal communities remains unclear. We analyzed a global dataset from over 8671 camera traps in 23 countries on four continents that detected 321 medium‐ to large‐bodied mammal species. We found a strong positive correlation between mammal taxonomic diversity and the proportion of a surveyed area covered by PAs at a global scale (β = 0.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.19–0.60) and in Indomalaya (β = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.19–1.2), as well as between functional diversity and PA coverage in the Nearctic (β = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.09–0.85), after controlling for human disturbances and environmental variation. Functional diversity was only weakly (and insignificantly) correlated with PA coverage at the global scale (β = 0.22, 95% CI = −0.02–0.46), pointing to a need to better understand the functional response of mammal communities to protection. Our study provides important evidence of the global effectiveness of PAs in conserving terrestrial mammals and emphasizes the critical role of area‐based conservation in a post‐2020 biodiversity framework.
Krebs von den Lungen‐6 levels in untreated idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Jiang Dingyuan , Xiao Huijuan , Dong Run , Geng Jing , Xie Bingbing , Ren Yanhong , Dai Huaping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundSerum Krebs von den Lungen‐6 (KL‐6) has been reported to be elevated in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of KL‐6 and whether the expression value of KL‐6 could indicate the severity of the disease in IPF patients. To address this question, it is necessary to see whether the patients' physical characteristics and other clinical conditions could affect the baseline KL‐6 level.DesignWe conducted a study of 100 patients who were diagnosed with IPF. Lung function, computed tomography (CT), and serological lab tests data were analyzed.ResultsThe tests showed that there is a significant elevation of KL‐6 in IPF patients compared with other interstitial lung disease (ILD) and healthy controls. It was noted that serum KL‐6 is a stable biomarker not affected by lung infection and smoking, though IPF patients with antinuclear antibody (ANA) showed higher KL‐6 levels. KL‐6, in conjunction with poor pulmonary function and higher radiological fibrosis scores, indicates the severity of the disease but not poor survival.ConclusionsIt is identified that serum KL‐6 is a useful noninvasive biomarker to help improve the certainty of IPF diagnosis from other interstitial lung disease and assist evaluation of disease severity and prognosis.
Association between age, gender, body mass index, and pulmonary function in preoperative patients with lung cancer
Authors: Xu Weicheng , Liu Yakang , Zeng Bin , Li Xinping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionMany confounding factors such as sex, age, and body mass index (BMI) affect pulmonary function parameters, but there are limited data about the direct and/or indirect effects of small airway function on lung function for differences in confounding factors.ObjectivesThis study aimed to use structural equation model (SEM) to explain the influence of the confounding factors (age, sex, and BMI) on the relationship between small airway function and lung function in patients with lung cancer.MethodsA cross‐sectional observational study was conducted in a single medical center. Subjects were assessed; small airway function was specified by MEF25% and MEF50%; lung function by FVC; pulmonary obstruction by FEV1, FEV1%, and FEV1/FVC; and PEF and PEF% reflected the strength of abdominal muscles. The measurement model was analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis. The SEM was conducted to analyze the structural models of the effects of the confounding factors.ResultsIn the measurement model, variables were fit to their domains, the path linking age and sex to pulmonary obstruction was positive and statistically significant, and the path linking sex to muscle strength was also positive and statistically significant. Muscle strength positively and significantly mediates the path between sex and FVC. As a moderator, BMI increased the effects of small airway function on FVC.ConclusionAge and sex were directed to pulmonary obstruction, and muscle strength as a mediator between sex and lung function was novel, and BMI adjusted the effects of small airway function on FVC.
An application of the Biobehavioral Family Model: Examining the impact of maternal depression on child asthma mediated by insecure attachment and child depression
Authors: Lim JungHa , Miller Bruce D. , Wood Beatrice L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveChild asthma disparities are prevalent in socio‐economically stressed single‐parent families. Stress impacts childhood asthma mediated by immune and autonomic pathways, but specific family stress pathways are not well established. This study tests the hypothesis, derived from a version of the Biobehavioral Family Model, that single parent maternal depression impacts child asthma mediated by insecure attachment and child depression.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study, children with asthma (age 7–17 years old) from a socio‐economically disadvantaged population and their single parent mothers (N = 202) were assessed for depression and attachment security. Child asthma disease activity was assessed by symptom report and lung function tests. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test a model in which caregiver depression impacts child asthma disease activity mediated by insecure attachment and child depression.ResultsSEM results indicated that maternal depression statistically predicted child depression (β = 0.21, p < 0.01) and insecure mother–child attachment (β = 0.17, p < 0.05). In addition, insecure attachment statistically predicted child depression (β = 0.50, p < 0.001). Child depression mediated the adverse effects of maternal depression and insecure attachment on child asthma disease activity (β = 0.43, p < 0.01). There was no direct effect of insecure attachment on child asthma.ConclusionIn single‐parent families, maternal depression may impact child asthma disease activity, mediated serially by insecure attachment and child depression. Longitudinal and/or intervention studies are needed to establish a causal effect. These findings suggest that caregiver depression and parent–child relationships may be important targets for family intervention. These interventions may help improve child asthma outcomes and reduce health disparities.
Intensive mechanical processing of forage crops to improve fibre digestion
Authors: Pintens David A. , Shinners Kevin J. , Friede Joshua C. , Kalscheur Kenneth F. , Digman Matthew F. , Combs David K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTwo intensive forage processing mechanisms, utilising either shredding or impact processing, were used to investigate physical disruption of wilted alfalfa and whole‐plant corn as a potential means to improve fibre digestion. Physical disruption was quantified by a processing level index (PLI) defined as the ratio of treatment leachate conductivity relative to that of an ultimately processed treatment. The goal was to achieve a PLI of at least 60%. Impact processing created more physical disruption than shredding, and the former method was able to achieve the desired PLI goal. Although impact processing significantly reduced particle size of both wilted alfalfa and whole‐plant corn, more than 40% of alfalfa particles were longer than 6.3 mm when the PLI of greater than 60% was achieved. The mean particle‐size of the kernel fraction of processed whole‐plant corn was less than 1 mm after processing with the impact processor. Impact processing of wilted alfalfa significantly increased the rapidly soluble fraction and increased the rate of degradation of DM and potentially digestible fibre (pdNDF) during an in situ digestion experiment. Intensive mechanical processing has the potential to improve ruminant animal utilisation of forage crops through improved fibre digestion.
Everyday racism and the denial of migrant African women’s good caring in aged care work
Authors: Olasunkanmi‐Alimi Temitope , Natalier Kristin , Mulholland Monique 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThere is, in the global north, a “care crisis,” a shortfall in the capacity to provide care for an aging population. Migrant care workers have been positioned as a solution to this crisis, but this positioning sits in tension with research highlighting the widespread racism that questions or denies the skills and commitment of migrant care workers. This study draws on the experiences of 30 migrant African women working in the Australian aged care sector to interrogate the implications of this tension. The authors describe how everyday racism perpetrated by clients and colleagues denied the possibility that migrant African women carers were able or welcome to undertake “good caring.” Applying Tronto's conceptualization of caring as relational, the authors argue that everyday racism symbolically denies African migrant women's participation in key phases of the caring process: “caring about,” “caregiving,” and “care‐receiving.” Everyday racism thus rejects migrant African women's care work at the individual level and reinforces care as a set of practices and dispositions that are unavailable to them.