bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Cross-Sectional Study to Assess the Risk Factors for the Presence and Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Gangtok
Authors: Sharma Divij , Khandelwal Bidita , Kar Sumit 
Published: May 2022

Background and Objectives:
Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are common disorders that not only often coexist but also have a bidirectional association where each condition exacerbates the other. The present study was performed to ascertain the occurrence and predictors of risk factors of OSA in patients with type 2DM.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional hospital-based study recruiting 164 patients for over 2 months was conducted, in which each diabetic patient was assigned to complete a questionnaire on various variables followed by a general physical examination for associated comorbidities diabetic complications (neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy). Their fasting blood glucose (FBG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were recorded, following which they were administered and assessed using Berlin Questionnaire and Epworth Sleepiness Score for risk category and daytime sleepiness. Patients with already diagnosed OSA including ones receiving treatment for it were excluded from the study.

Results:
Of the 164 diabetic patients recruited in the study, 64 (39%) were at high risk for OSA in contrast to the 100 (61%) who were at low risk for OSA. Neck circumference, waist circumference, presence of hypertension and more than one comorbidities along with patients who experienced witnessed apnea at least three times a week, excessive daytime sleepiness, and habitual snorers found to be significant risk factors and practices in posing DM patients at a higher risk for OSA. Patients with body mass index ≥25 were more likely to have a high risk of OSA. FBG and HbA1c were not significant risk factors for OSA.

Conclusions:
OSA has a high prevalence in subjects with T2DM which reinforces the clinicians to remain observant for signs and symptoms of OSA in diabetic patients and monitor their compliance in terms of weight management, diet control, and medication adherence.
Comparative study of efficacy of intradermal tranexamic acid microinjections versus intradermal glutathione microinjections for treatment of facial melasma
Authors: Kumawat Kanchan , Bhatia Kailash , Bhatia Jushya , Kataria Rajesh , Namdeo Chaitanya , Sarin Ankur 
Published: May 2022

Background
Melasma is a hypermelanotic disorder, which poses therapeutic challenge. Tranexamic acid (TA) and glutathione are novel therapies for the treatment of melasma.

Aim
To compare the therapeutic efficacy of localized intradermal microinjections (mesotherapy) of TA versus microinjections of glutathione for the treatment of melasma.

Methods
This prospective, comparative study was carried out to assess the therapeutic efficacy of TA and glutathione in 64 patients with dermal melasma after obtaining written informed consent, over a period of 12 weeks. Face of the patient was divided into two halves (split face); right cheek was injected with TA and the left with glutathione, at baseline (zero), 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks. The treatment response was assessed by using visual analog scale (VAS); photographs were taken to ascertain the improvement and its percentage was calculated. A parametric test, Student t test, and Z test were applied wherever applicable. P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
Out of 64 enrolled, 50 patients completed the study and it was found that the reduction in VAS score from baseline to 8th week and baseline to 12th week was significant in both the groups (P < 0.05). However, the mean difference in improvement percentage between baseline and 8th week and baseline and 12th week with TA was found to be more significant than glutathione.

Conclusion
This study revealed that both TA and glutathione intradermal microinjections are effective in the treatment of melasma but TA is more effective.
Role of oral corticosteroids, methotrexate, and azathioprine in patients with unstable vitiligo
Authors: Mittal Niharika , Kaur Tejinder 
Published: May 2022

Background:
There are several medical and surgical interventions for vitiligo but still the search for a definite cure is going on. The first goal of the therapy is to make the disease stable by preventing the appearance of new lesions. Drugs like oral corticosteroids, methotrexate, and azathioprine have been found effective in this phase.

Objective:
To compare the efficacy of oral corticosteroids, methotrexate, and azathioprine in patients with unstable vitiligo.

Materials and Methods:
It was a retrospective data analysis of 319 vitiligo patients, out of which 52 patients with unstable vitiligo who have received treatment in the form of 0.5 mg/kg oral corticosteroids on 2 consecutive days per week, 0.3 mg/kg methotrexate per week, and 1 to 1.5 mg/kg azathioprine daily were selected and were evaluated for the effect of drug for 12weeks.

Results:
There was no statistically significant difference in the appearance of new lesions in all 3 groups; however, methotrexate showed the early effect which plateaus after a few weeks whereas steroids as well as azathioprine showed a gradual and consistent effect.

Conclusion:
Methotrexate, steroids, and azathioprine all arrest the disease activity in vitiligo. Methotrexate can be used to arrest disease activity in fast-spreading vitiligo. Azathioprine can be used in patients with active vitiligo, wherever steroids are contraindicated.
Genome Size Variation of Chagas Disease Vectors of the Rhodniini Tribe
Authors: Merle Marie , Filée Jonathan , de Oliveira Jader , Almeida Carlos Eduardo , Mougel Florence , Bastide Héloïse , Girondot Marc , da Rosa João Aristeu , Harry Myriam 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT.
The genome size of five Rhodnius species (R. milesi, R. nasutus, R. neivai, R. prolixus, and R. robustus) and two Psammolestes species (P. coroedes and P. tertius) were estimated using flow cytometry and/or k-mer distributions in genome sequences. Phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models highlighted significant genome size variations among species and between sexes, with R. prolixus showing the largest genome. In this study we provide the first data on female genome size in Triatominae. For five species, female genome size did not differ from males, except for R. robustus, where females had smaller genomes. Genome size estimations based on the k-mer distribution method were less than those estimated from flow cytometry, but both methods exhibited the same pattern of sexual differences. Further genomic studies are needed to infer whether genome size variation could be an adaptive trait in Rhodnius.
Oxidative stress and effects of dill (Anethum graveolens dhi) powder on the performance and health status of broilers
Authors: Jangali A. , Hedayati M. , Khalaji S. , Manafi M. 
Published: May 2022

Effects of dill powder (Anethum graveolens dhi) on performance and biochemical traits, immune response, blood cells and microbial population of cecum broilers after stress induced with dexamethasone were investigated. Two hundred and forty broilers were arrayed in completely randomized design with six experimental groups, five replications and eight broilers per replication. The experimental groups consisted of G1: control diet without additives, G2: control diet supplemented with 1.5% dill powder, G3: control diet supplemented with 1.5% dill powder under dexamethasone stress, G4: control diet supplemented with 3% dill powder, G5: control diet supplemented with 3% dill powder under dexamethasone stress, and G6: control diet under dexamethasone stress. After 31, 33, 38 and, 40 days, 2 mg/kg bodyweight (BW) dexamethasone was injected in right chest muscle in groups 3, 5, 6, and samples were taken after 35 and 42 days. Use of 3% dill powder reduced cecum microbial population significantly. Under dexamethasone oxidative stress conditions dill powder improved biochemical traits and the number of white blood cells significantly. Without stress induced by dexamethasone injection, use of 3% dill powder improved internal organs, increased the length of the digestive tract, improved weight gain, reduced FCR and improved antibody titers to Newcastle disease (ND) and avian influenza (AI) viruses. All levels of dill powder prevented negative impacts of dexamethasone on functional and biochemical traits. Thus, 3% dill powder has beneficial effects on performance, immune response, blood cell and microbial population, and could be used as a growth promoter and to prevent oxidative stress.
Qualitative analysis of facilitators and barriers to centre- and home-based exercise training in breast cancer patients - a Swiss tertiary centre experience
Authors: Schneider Caroline , Reimann Sina , Schmid Julia , Bernhard Jürg , Rabaglio Manuela , Campbell Kristin L. , Wilhelm Matthias , Eser Prisca 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND: Exercise is an effective therapy for breast cancer patients to reduce fatigue and to improve health-related quality of life and physical function. Yet breast cancer patients often do not meet the recommended physical activity guidelines. To better understand why recommendations are not met and to improve long-term physical activity maintenance, this study aimed at identifying facilitators and barriers of breast cancer survivors to supervised, centre-based exercise within a cardio-oncological rehabilitation programme and to unsupervised, home-based exercise both during and after the completion of the programme, as well as strategies used to manage these barriers.
METHODS: Breast cancer patients who had previously completed a structured centre-based exercise programme at a Swiss tertiary centre were recruited by mailed invitation letter. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with consenting patients and subsequent thematic analysis was performed to identify common themes.
RESULTS: Of the 37 eligible breast cancer patients, 19 patients (51%, mean age 48.9 ± 9.7 years) responded to our invitation. Baseline characteristics did not differ from the total eligible population. General facilitators for exercise were anticipated and experienced benefits on physical and mental health and enjoyment of exercise. Facilitators specific for supervised centre-based exercise were social support, accountability and the provision of structured exercise by the programme. Centre-based exercise barriers included physical, psychological and environmental barriers, whereby psychological barriers were reported predominantly in the context of home-based exercise. Strategies to manage these barriers were diverse and included the adaptation of training circumstances, behaviour change strategies and strategies to deal with side effects.
CONCLUSIONS: This first study on facilitators of and barriers to exercise in breast cancer patients in Switzerland identified more barriers, particularly psychological barriers, for unsupervised home-based exercise than for supervised centre-based exercise. These findings support the importance of providing structured supervised exercise programmes for breast cancer patients and suggest that a special focus should be directed at the transition from supervised to self-organized exercise in order to enhance and maintain long-term exercise participation.
USING THE LAND VIEWER PROGRAM TO MONITOR THE STATE OF PLANTINGS
Authors: Фирсов Н.М. , Малицкий Р.Б. , Морозов А.Е. , Панин И.А. , Попов А.С. 
Published: May 2022

На основании космических снимков и программы Land Viewer предпринята попытка анализа за состоянием насаждений после лесных пожаров в северо-восточной части Ханты-Мансийского автономного округа – Югры (Западно-Сибирский северо-таежный равнинный лесной район). Экспериментально установлено, что использование программы Land Viewer позволяет установить не только границы и площадь не покрытых лесной растительностью площадей (гари, вырубки и др.), но и осуществлять мониторинг за состоянием древостоев на пройденных лесными пожарами площадях, следить за динамикой лесовосстановления на вырубках и гарях. Особо следует отметить, что выполнение мониторинга с использованием программы Land Viewer не требует натурных обследований. Последнее особенно важно в труднодоступных малоосвоенных районах. Использование программы Land Viewer для мониторинга состояния древостоев и лесовосстановления обеспечит объективное планирование лесовосстановительных и лесохозяйственных мероприятий, позволит своевременно обнаруживать очаги усыхания древостоев и планировать мероприятия по улучшению санитарного состояния. Данные о видовом составе формирующихся молодняков позволяют дать объективную оценку площади лесного фонда, установить необходимость проведения мероприятий по лесовосстановлению и уходу за лесом. Отмечается экономическая эффективность широкого использования программы Land Viewer для мониторинга в лесном хозяйстве.
On the base of the satellite images and the land viewer program, an attempt was made to analyze the state of plantings after forest fi res in the northeastern part of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomons OkrugJugra (West Siberian north taiga plain forest district). It has been experimentally established that the use the Land Viewer program makes possible to establish not onle the boundaries and area of lands not covered by with forest vegetation (burned out forests, cutover areas et.) but also to monitor the state of forest stands in the areas passed by forest fi res, to monitor the dynamies of reforestation in clearings and burned areas. It should especially be noted that monitoring using the hand viewer program doesn’t require fi eld surveys. The latter is especially important in remote and sparsely populated areas ising the hand viewer program for monitoring the state of forest stands and reforestation ensure objective planning of reforestation and forest management. It will allow timely forest to detect stands centers of during up or plan measures to improve the sanitary conditions. Data on the species composition of young stands emerging make it possible to give an objective assessment of the gorest fund area to establish the need for reforestation and forest care activities. It is noted the cost effective and wide-spead using of the Land Viewer program for monitoring in Forestry.
Evaluación de la calidad de agua en el río Chato a partir de la íctiofauna como elemento central del índice de integridad biótica. Río San Juan, Chocó, Colombia
Authors: Murillo Asprilla Yiskar Damián , Perea Lozano Oscar , Rincón Camilo Ernesto Rincón 
Published: May 2022

La notable intervención y presión sobre diferentes afluentes del río San Juan, hace necesaria la generación de información de base para el biomonitoreo de sus recursos hidrobiológicos y por supuesto, la calidad del agua. Esta investigación tuvo como finalidad evaluar la calidad de agua de río Chato, en la región del San Juan, utilizando la íctiofauna como elemento central del índice de integridad biótico (IIB). Se realizaron muestreos ícticos en tres estaciones (Campo Alegre, Manungará y Tadó), empleando red de arrastre, atarraya y anzuelos de diferentes tamaños. La aplicación del IIB consistió en tres parámetros principales, que agrupan en general doce medidas. El primero hace referencia a la composición y riqueza de especies; el segundo a las funciones tróficas; y el tercero a la abundancia y condición; la suma de los atributos es el valor total del IIB, con lo que se puede clasificar un sistema de muy buenas condiciones o, por el contrario, un ambiente totalmente contaminado. Se registraron 788 individuos, agrupados en cinco órdenes, 13 familias, 24 géneros y 28 especies. La evaluación del modelo mostró a Manungará como la estación de mejor condición con la categoría de evaluación más alta (46), indicando que presenta elementos importantes para el establecimiento de la vida acuática. La estación Tadó mostró datos preocupantes con un valor de 30, revelando aguas pobres para el mantenimiento de la diversidad acuática. Los resultados obtenidos, descubren la existencia de cambios en la calidad de agua a lo largo de toda la fuente hídrica, pasando de bueno en la estación Manungará, a medio en Campo Alegre y pobre en Tadó. Esta situación re- fleja la sensibilidad del índice para dar respuestas a pequeños cambios en la calidad del agua, provocados por actividades antropogénicas.
Unlikely Additions
Authors: Parker Susan , Haser Shelly 
Published: May 2022

Early childcare professionals represent a cross-section of two underrepresented groups in higher education: childcare educators, and adult female learners. According to the United States Bureau of Labor and Statistics, the childcare workforce in 2020 was predominantly female and lacking post high-school education (https://www.bls.gov/ooh/personal-care-and-service/childcare-workers.htm ). Early childcare professionals often receive minimal training and compensation (Harwood & Tukonic, 2016). Participants in a university credentialing program for non-traditional students participated in a focus group as part of a program evaluation. The data was collected and analyzed. Themes were identified, including anticipated themes such as concerns about cost of college credits, and successfully completing coursework while simultaneously managing personal and work challenges. However, themes of professionalism, and the significance of belonging to a community of learners were not anticipated. The focus group provided rich discussion, and the analysis offers thoughts on advocacy for and with the early childhood education and care workforce.
A Qualitative Study: What Are the Psychosocial Experiences of the Turkish Doctors During the COVID-19 Pandemic?
Authors: ERCAN Safiye Neslihan , ULAŞ İlayda 
Published: May 2022

The present qualitative and exploratory study aimed to determine the ideas, feelings, behaviors, and changes in the working and family lives of actively working Turkish doctors during the Covid-19 pandemic. The researchers tried to understand the social and work-related problems of the doctors. Therefore, this study may be considered as a starting point for future studies. The participants (61 doctors) filled out a questionnaire that consisted of demographic information and 17 open-ended questions. 49.3 % of them were actively working in specialized pandemics hospitals. In the present qualitative research, non-numerical data were collected to understand the psychosocial experiences of the doctors, and their most crucial quotations were categorized and reported, - as it is essential to report the quotations and the narratives in the descriptive analyses of the qualitative research. The researchers’ aim was to gather in-depth insights into their experiences and then generate new ideas for future quantitative research. The researchers used two of the nonprobability sampling types, i.e., snowball sampling and convenience sampling because of the difficulty of the accessibility to the doctors as participants. The doctors associated the COVID-19 pandemic with some concepts such as “anxiety” and “stress”. All the doctors argued that there would be a lot of psychological problems at the end of the pandemic. Some of the doctors believed that there would be no change after the end of the pandemic, because they thought everything would be forgotten. Some others believed that peoplewould learn from their experiences, and they had a quasi-hopeful future perspective for humanity. They predicted an increase in individualism and social isolation and a number of online platforms. The reasons for these and other findings were discussed and explained.
Pengaruh Faktor Risiko terhadap Faktor Minat untuk Menggunakan Ojek Daring
Authors: Surjandy Aloysius Gonzaga , Tirtamulia Leoni Madeleine , Eni Yuli 
Published: May 2022

Ojek daring merupakan sebuah sarana yang tercipta dengan adanya Sharing Economy. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilaporkan bahwa ojek daring sangat membantu dan mempermudah aktifitas masyarakat. Sehingga ojek daring berkembang cukup pesat hingga saat ini. Dampak yang dihasilkan dari ojek daring ternyata membawa dampak lainnya seperti kejahatan yang dialamai oleh penumpang wanita dan hal ini ternyata juga tejadi dibeberapa negara. Oleh karena hal tersebut penelitian ini mencoba melihat pengaruh dari faktor risiko terhadap faktor minat untuk menggunakan ojek daring khususnya untuk penumpang wanita. Penelitian kuantitatif ini dibantu dengan aplikasi SPSS untuk memproses data dan menggunakan teknik regresi linier untuk melihat seberapa besar pengaruh faktor risiko terhadap minat untuk menggunakan ojek daring. Responden pada penelitian ini sebanyak 408 penumpang wanita pengguna ojek daring, dan dari hasil penelitian ini ditemuakan bahwa faktor risiko mempunyai pengaruh secara signfikan terhadap minat untuk menggunakan ojek daring.
Anicteric Gallbladder Rupture with Elevated Bile Acids in Abdominal Effusion in a Dog with Cholecystitis
Authors: Pascual Mireia , Fauchon Emilie , Monti Paola , Valls Ferran 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Anicteric gallbladder rupture has been rarely described in veterinary medicine, and, generally, it has been related to gallbladder wall necrosis secondary to gallbladder mucocele. A 5 yr old, male, neutered Labrador retriever presented for acute onset anorexia, lethargy, and vomiting. Cholecystitis was diagnosed based on the ultrasonographic findings and bactibilia, and, consequently, medical treatment was established. Despite improvement of the patient, a focal ultrasound of the hepatobiliary tract was performed 72 hr after admission for reassessment, revealing gallbladder wall thickening and abdominal effusion. Intracellular bacteria were present in nondegenerated neutrophils, and the effusion was categorized as septic exudate, compatible with septic peritonitis. Exploratory laparotomy confirmed an anicteric gallbladder rupture potentially secondary to cholecystitis and/or previous cholecystocentesis. The patient was not icteric the day of the surgery, serum bilirubin was within normal limits, abdominal fluid bilirubin concentration was below that of serum, and no bile pigment was detected; however, bile acids were significantly higher in the abdominal effusion compared with the serum concentration. This case describes an anicteric gallbladder rupture in a dog with concomitant cholecystitis and raises the question about the sensitivity of bile acid evaluation as a tool for diagnosis of gallbladder rupture and bile peritonitis in dogs.