bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing Adoption of DNA Barcoding in Herbal Value Chain: A Multistakeholder
Analysis
Authors: Sally Rahayu Yen Yen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
Due to its accuracy and expert-authenticated validation mechanism, DNA barcoding technology
is advocated to be superior to existing methods of species identification. While DNA barcoding
is generally viewed as valuable innovation in herbal materials authentication, the acceptability and
accessibility issues pose a barrier to its uptake into the global herbal regulatory framework. We explore
the current status of DNA barcoding technology for quality assurance of herbal materials/
products (HM/P) and the challenges of its formal adoption into multi-level policy. We discuss the
adulteration problem in the HM/P value chain, provide an overview of DNA barcoding technology
features, and highlight the current use of DNA barcoding from the perspective of four key stakeholders,
i.e., epistemic group, international bodies, governments, and market agents, practicing DNA barcoding
technology in the HM/P value chain. The discussion also includes the status of DNA barcoding
in the control system of HM/P in the US, EU, and China, and provides some recommendations on how
the application of DNA barcoding as quality control/assurance can be deployed in the HM/P value
chain.
Logic Circuits Reliability Analysis using Signal Probability and Bayesian
Network Concepts
Authors: Jahanirad Hadi 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Reliability analysis of logic circuits has been widely investigated due to
increasing fault occurrence in modern integrated circuits. Simulation-based and analytical methods
are developed to estimate the reliability of logic circuits.

Methods:
In this paper, a signal probability-based method is presented to estimate the reliability of
logic circuits. In the proposed approach, four signal probabilities (correct 0, correct 1, incorrect 0,
and incorrect 1) are derived (for every node of the circuit) using a probabilistic transfer matrix
(PTM), and the correlation coefficients (CCs) are deployed to resolve the reconvergent fanouts issues.
The CCs are defined in a fanout cone and are propagated through the logic gates to the related
reconvergent nodes. The Bayesian network concept is applied to achieve more accuracy in the
propagation of CCs through the logic gates.

Results:
The accuracy and scalability of the proposed method are proved by various simulations on
benchmark circuits (ISCAS 85, LGSynth91, and ITC99). The proposed method efficiently solves
the reconvergent fanout problem. Moreover, the proposed method outperforms the previous methods
regarding accuracy and scalability.

Conclusion:
Simulation results on ISCAS 85, LGSynth91, and ITC99 benchmark circuits show
less than 3% average error compared with the accurate simulation-based fault injection method.
Withdrawal Notice: Evaluation of the Toxic Effects of Bothrops jararacussu
Snake Venom on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos and Larvae
Authors: Marchi-Salvador Daniela Priscila , da Silva Layssa Gualberto , Nascimento dos Santos Pedro Gabriel , Ribeiro Souza Juliana Alves Costa , Martins Rafael Xavier , de Abreu Oliveira Pierri Emanoel , Farias Davi Felipe 
Published: September 2022

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors and editor of the journal Venoms and Toxins due to incoherent
content.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

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of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
"Does the bullet deliver where the ballot has failed?"
Authors: Denndörfer Lisa , Strauer Viktoria , Thebes Sonja 
Published: September 2022

Political assassinations in Pakistan have been a systematic challenge ever since the country’s independence from Great Britain in 1947. While state actors formed unlikely alliances with Western Powers in the aftermaths of the Afghan War and during the War on Terror, non-state actors, like Islamist jihadi groups, used the country for domestic and foreign terrorist attacks and to spread violence, thus demonstrating the conflict between the different players in Pakistan. When the country was transformed into a young democracy in 2007/2008, the number of assassinations did not decrease, but rather increased by ninefold.
This article analyses the case of political assassinations in Pakistan and attempts to explain the prevalence of political assassinations in the country. First, the overall pattern and seriousness of political murders is identified with help from a self-created dataset. Then said pattern is explained by arguing that the main explanatory factors at play in Pakistan are socioeconomic conditions, social conflict, elections, military and religion, sectarianism and blasphemy laws. Lastly, a brief discussion of long- and short-term measures is done.
Efectividad de intervenciones psicológicas en mujeres con trastorno por atracón: una revisión sistemática/Effectiveness of psychological interventions in women with binge eating disorder: a systematic review
Authors: Valdez Aguilar Mariana , Vázquez-Arévalo Rosalia , Mancilla-Diaz Juan Manuel , Beas Jara María Del Carmen 
Published: September 2022

Objetivo: Examinar la efectividad, contenido, tipos de intervención y calidad de los tratamientos psicológicos de trastorno por atracón (TPA) en mujeres, que se han realizado en los últimos 20 años. Método: La revisión sistemática se realizó basada en la guía PRISMA y fue llevada acabo de Septiembre de 2018 a Junio de 2020 en las bases de datos: Medline, Scopus, Sciencedirect, Scielo, Redalyc y LILACS. Resultados: Se identificaron 206 artículos potencialmente relevantes, se seleccionó 15 que cumplían los criterios de inclusión. En el análisis de resultados se identificó que la mayoría de los estudios tuvo como objetivo probar la efectividad de las intervenciones. Los enfoques clínicos más utilizados fue la Terapia Cognitivo Conductual, la Terapia Dialéctica Conductual, la Terapia de Imagen Coporal y el Psicoanálisis. Los cuestionarios más utilizados para medir el TPA fueron el Eating Disorder Examination, la entrevista clínica basada en el DSM y la Escala de Atracón (BES). Discusión: Se observa retos en el trabajo multidisciplinario, además de resaltar la importancia del compromiso colaborativo con el paciente. Se plantea la necesidad de mayores estudios que consoliden y profundicen en la evaluación y tratamiento temprano del trastorno, así como ahondar en el enfoque emocional.
Clinical Trials of Solid Tumor Drugs Approved in Europe: Evidence-Based-Medicine
Authors: Aseel  Bin Sawad  , Amin  Aissaoui  , Najah Aissaoui  , Ahmed Bin Sawad  , Fatema Turkistani  
Published: September 2022

The Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) were introduced to determine response to therapy by evaluation of change from baseline while on the treatment of the solid tumor. These criteria are used mainly in clinical trials where tumor objective response (tumor shrinkage) or disease progression is the primary endpoint. RECIST is widely used by academic institutions, cooperative groups, and industry for oncology clinical trials. Regulatory authorities use RECIST as an appropriate guideline for risk-benefit assessments of oncology drugs. This study aimed to assess the impact on pivotal clinical trial designs due to adopting the RECIST for assessing the risk-benefit ratio for oncology drugs approved in Europe for treatment of solid tumors (2000–2019). The Summary of Product Characteristics for all oncology drugs was reviewed to identify the pivotal clinical trials. Results: There were 78 pivotal clinical trials for 38 oncology drugs approved, by the European Medicines Agency (EMA), for treatment of solid tumors. Open-label randomized controlled trials (RCTs) account for 62.82% of the pivotal clinical trials compared to 37.18% blinded RCTs. A total of 6,721 patients (average=1,120) participated in 78 pivotal clinical trials. Around sixty-three percent (4,211 out of 6,721) of patients participated in blinded RCTs, and 37.34% (2,510 out of 6,721) of patients participated in open-label RCTs. Conclusion: Less restrictive rules for oncology drugs approval were applied by the regulatory agency. Over 19 years, EMA had approved oncology drugs based on open-label trials, especially when an oncology drug was compared to an active comparator, with results of few or no clinical improvement over existing therapy. The approval process of oncology drugs should be supported by clear evidence about the clinical effects of the new oncology drugs compared to the existing effective oncology therapies using clinical trial designs that are methodologically rigorous.
Unified Physics and Cosmology: the Theory of Everything
Authors: Waugh Subhajit 
Published: September 2022

Copernicus broke with 1300 years of tradition, and revolutionized
science by moving from earth-centric to sun-centric view. But, moving
the viewpoint to the true center of our expanding universe explains the
origin and true nature of time itself. From this God’s view, Relativity
and Quantum Mechanics are two sides of the same coin.
Relativity is inside the light cone phenomena (since nothing can travel
faster than light), while Quantum Mechanics is outside the light cone
phenomena (allowing instant communications in quantum
entanglement experiments). This recent paper [Quantum principle
of relativity; Andrzej Dragan, Artur Ekert, New. J. Phys. 22 (2020)
033098] has shown that every exotic Quantum effect like
superposition, entanglement, probabilistic behavior, multiple paths etc.
can be explained just by allowing superluminal possibility. The
inside the light cone phenomena and the outside the light
cone phenomena together span the entire region within the space and
time axes. Only in unison they complete the entire picture.
Both are dictated just by the scale (i.e. whether we use classical/human
scale or sub-atomic scale). We failed to realize that the same spacetime
is getting split into space like and time like regions
based on size scale. And the reason behind this is not the
magical (?) speed of light. That would have turned both
relativity and quantum mechanics into mere branches of electromagnetism.
The true reason is much deeper and at a very fundamental level of our
universe. It turns out that the c is the radial
expansion velocity of our universe.
But why does the transition from Relativity to Quantum Mechanics happens
with decreasing size scale? That’s because, this is what is happens to
spatial and temporal dimensions at different scales:
3+1 (Classical regime) <=> 2+2 (Compton regime)
<=> 1+3 (Planck regime).
From the center of universe viewpoint, simultaneity is absolute (as
demanded by Sagnac effect), and there is indeed absolute universal time
(as demanded by quantum mechanics). From our viewpoint (located at an
awkward position in the universe), locality is absolute, and velocity c
is the upper limit, and remains constant for every observer. This turns
(our) space and time into inseparable twins, and makes (our) time a
relative concept. This solves the time problem which had
so stubbornly resisted the reconciliation of Quantum Mechanics and
General Relativity.
General Relativity makes things a bit tricky since it involves curvature
(warping) of spacetime, but it does not become incompatible
with Quantum Mechanics. The only difference between the warped spacetime
of General Relativity, and the flat spacetime of Special Relativity is
very similar to the difference between a stretched rubber membrane, with
and without a metal ball placed on it. General Relativity and Quantum
Mechanics are the two pillars of modern Science. Reconciliation of the
two greatest theories of physics leads us to Theory of
Everything.
Implementasi E-Learning di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan
Authors: Audiva Randi , Rini Faiza , Irsyadunas Irsyadunas 
Published: September 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membantu guru dan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran online. Pada masa pandemi menyebabkan keterbatasan waktu tatap muka sehingga proses pembelajaran kurang maksimal, dengan E-Learning ini dapat membantu siswa dalam mengakses materi dan tugas kapanpun dan baik dengan mengunakan komputer / laptop atau smartphone yang terhubung dengan jaringan internet. Penelitian ini menggunakan model Unified Modeling Languange (UML) dan metode Development Life Cycle (SDLC) yang meliputi 5 tahapan yaitu Planning (Perencanaan), Analysis (Analisis), Design (Perancangan), Implementation (Implementasi), Testing (Pengujian). Untuk proses pembuatan penulis menngunakan Platform Moodle dan server database menggunakan Xampp. Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa sebuah media pembelajaran E-Learning berbasis Moodle yang pengujiannya menggunakan Blackbox testing yang mana hasilnya valid atau susuai dengan yang diterapkan. Sistem ini dapat memudahkan siswa dan guru dalam melakukan proses pembelajaran pada masa pandemi covid-19.
Agribusiness and Food Security: Threats and Issues of Legal Regulation in Martial Law
Authors: Kurman T.V. 
Published: September 2022

The article is devoted to researching issues of legal provision of food security and functioning of agribusiness under martial law in Ukraine. The author focuses on the fact that guaranteeing food security is one of the main tasks of every modern civilized state. For Ukraine, which is currently in extremely difficult conditions of martial law, the issues of food security and overcoming the negative consequences of disruption of agricultural production processes are of particular importance. Waging a full-scale war on the territory of Ukraine creates threats in the field of food supply not only for the population of our country, but also for other countries, in particular the countries of Asia and Africa, which are import-dependent on the supply of agricultural products from national producers. Therefore, national agribusiness in modern conditions is not only a type of business activity in the agricultural sector, but also a sphere of social responsibility, which today is taking on a global character.
The state of modern legal provision of food safety was studied, novelties were analyzed and problems of legislative regulation of relations in the specified sphere were identified. It is noted that currently an effective legal mechanism for guaranteeing food security in Ukraine has not been formed. The legislative amendments hastily adopted by the legislator do not form a scientifically based and systematic approach, do not take into account the needs of European integration transformations, the need for strategic reforms in the direction of sustainable development of the agrosphera and countering climate changes that are negative for agricultural production. The possibility of ensuring food security must be guaranteed by the availability of appropriate resources in the agrosphera, its sustainable development, the potential of domestic agricultural production, and the ability to ensure the country's integration into the European and global economic space.
The author comes to the conclusion that the problem of forming an integral mechanism of legal provision of food security in Ukraine is extremely relevant today. This mechanism should include an effective monitoring system with the aim of identifying existing and potentially possible internal and external threats and aimed at solving specific tasks that meet the modern interests and expectations of citizens, territorial communities, Ukrainian society and the state, in particular, in conditions of martial law, as well as contribute to the further improvement of the legislation of Ukraine, the development of science and social progress, which is impossible without guaranteeing the food security of the state and the sustainable development of the agrosphera.
Peculiarities of witness and victim interrogation during investigation of threats or violence against a law enforcement officer
Authors: Kobets S.V. 
Published: September 2022

The article reveals the peculiarities of witness and victim questioning in proceedings about threats or violence against a law enforcement officer. The main constituent elements of preparation for conducting this investigative action have been determined. The circle of persons who can act as witnesses in similar proceedings is outlined, and it is established that their list depends on the method and circumstances of commission of this criminal offense. The information that should be established as a result of the interrogation of these persons has been determined. Special attention is paid to tactical techniques of witness interrogation, the choice of which depends on specific investigative situation (investigative materials at disposal of an investigator, characteristics of interrogated person and his interest in results of investigation, the nature of relationship established during the investigative action between investigator and interrogated, etc.). The specifics of interrogation of a witness who is a representative of a law enforcement agency have been determined.
Problematic aspects of interrogation of victims in the investigated proceedings are revealed. It is emphasized that the testimony of this category of witnesses is characterized by completeness and detail, which is caused by the availability of legal knowledge. Acquaintance with regulatory documents regulating the activities of the structure where the victim is employed is recognized as a necessary element of preparation for such interrogations. The list of circumstances to be ascertained during the interrogation of victim law enforcement officer has been defined. Tactical methods that can be used by investigator in various interrogation situations are proposed. It is emphasized that the pronounced conflictual nature of the situation of interrogation of victim in the investigated proceedings usually occurs in case of illegal behavior of law enforcement officer (exceeding official powers, unjustified use of coercion, etc.) on the eve of committing a criminal offense against him. Attention was drawn to the violations that investigators assume when interrogating law enforcement officers as victims.
Benefits of physical activity on cardiometabolic diseases in obese children and adolescents
Authors: Gao Juan , Lu Yi , Gokulnath Priyanka , Vulugundam Gururaja , Li Guoping , Li Jin , Xiao Junjie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the past few decades, obesity in the pediatric population has dramatically increased and is common in many countries. Childhood obesity often causes health problems and increases the risk of cardiometabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, nonalcohol fatty liver, and cardiovascular diseases. Obesity in young people has been closely associated with environmental, behavioral, and genetic defects, including the availability of high-energy and sugary food and beverages, sedentary behavior, and hereditary factors. Few drugs are currently available to treat obesity in children and adolescents because it is difficult to demonstrate the safety of these drugs on the growth and development of the youth. Lifestyle modifications, such as diet control and physical exercise, are the primary approaches for preventing and treating childhood obesity. Among them, physical activity is a crucial component. This review summarizes the epidemiology, cardiometabolic risk of obesity, therapeutic strategies, and the benefits of exercise on obesity-related chronic diseases in children and adolescents.
Effects of Weight-Bearing and Weight-Supporting Sports on Bone Mass in Males
Authors: Długołęcka Barbara , Jówko Ewa 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Introduction.
The aim of this work was to assess bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) in male athletes performing weight-bearing and weight-supporting sports activities as well as in untrained men.

Material and methods.
The study included 140 men aged 20-23. The study group consisted of wrestlers, football players, cyclists and untrained men. BMC (g) and BMD (g/cm2) in the lumbar spine (L2-L4) were determined with the use of the DEXA method. Biochemical parameters (concentration of osteocalcin, testosterone and 25-OH vitamin D in blood) were measured using the ELISA method. Diet composition was assessed based on three individual questionnaire interviews regarding nutrition in the last 24 hours prior to the study.

Results.
Statistical analysis revealed that wrestlers demonstrated the highest levels of parameters related to bone mass. In this group, mean values of BMC, BMD as well as BMD compared to peak populational bone mass were significantly higher than in cyclists and the men from the control group. In the case of BMD (g/cm2), the difference was at the level of p < 0.001, whereas in the remaining parameters, i.e. BMC (g) and BMD with reference to age (%), it was at the level of p < 0.01. No significant differences between the groups were observed in the concentration of osteocalcin, testosterone and 25-OH vitamin D in blood and in nutrition.

Conclusions
. Athletes who perform sports that predispose to the development of bone pathology should also do exercises that would support bone mineralisation and prevent osteoporosis in the future.
Presencia y abundancia de aves de la Isla Farallón de San Ignacio, Sinaloa
Authors: Guevara Medina Miguel Angel , Castillo Guerrero José Alfredo , González Bernal Marco Antonio 
Published: September 2022

Para determinar la presencia y abundancia de aves que utilizan la isla Farallón de San Ignacio, Sinaloa, documentamos las aves observadas durante 46 visitas de cinco días a la isla entre 2003 y 2008. Registramos 57 especies de aves. En la isla anidaron regularmente cinco especies de aves marinas:Sula nebouxii, S. leucogaster, Phaethon aethereus, Phalacrocorax auritus y Larus heermanni. En 2008 anidó una rapaz, Falco peregrinus. Además, observamos 24 especies de aves acuáticas no reproductoras y 27 especies de aves terrestres. La temporada reproductiva de las especies anidantes coincide con la época de alta productividad primaria en el sur del Golfo de California. La isla es importante como sitio de anidación para P. aethereus y es una de las dos colonias más importantes en el Golfo de California. Para el resto de las especies anidantes, la isla tiene una importancia marginal, pues otras islas albergan colonias mayores. Debido a la ausencia de vegetación, las aves terrestres usan la isla sólo de manera ocasional y por breves periodos, especialmente los migrantes neotropicales durante la migración. Al comparar con otras islas de la parte sur del Golfo de California, Farallón de San Ignacio exhibió una riqueza de especies mayor a lo esperado de acuerdo con su tamaño. Esta discordancia se podría explicar por un esfuerzo mayor en el muestreo y posiblemente por la existencia de una mayor cantidad de especies de aves terrestres usando los hábitats costeros de Sinaloa y dispersándose ocasionalmente a islas cercanas.
Registro del gavilán pescador (Pandion haliaetus) en el valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán, norte de Oaxaca
Authors: Vázquez Leopoldo , Vázquez Reyes José Alejandro , Del Coro Arizmendi María 
Published: September 2022

El 17 de septiembre de 2005 se registró al gavilán pescador, Pandion haliaetus, en la localidad de Santiago Quiotepec, al norte del estado de Oaxaca. Éste es el primer registro de la especie en la región árida del valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán. Se obtuvo respaldo fotográfico del registro.