bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical activity in inflammatory bowel disease: benefits, challenges and perspectives
Authors: Mareschal Julie , Douissard Jonathan , Genton Laurence 
Published: March 2022

Purpose of the review
Physical activity is gaining significative interest in the field of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In the light of the most recent publications, the present review aims to describe the level of physical activity in adult patients with IBD; describe the current body of evidence on the benefits of physical activity and discuss the challenges and perspectives related to physical activity in this population.

Recent findings
Recent studies showed that IBD patients tend to be less active than healthy people. There is growing evidence of a positive impact of physical activity on mortality, quality of life, fatigue, body composition, strength and physical performance. The direct benefits of physical activity on clinical remission and disease activity have recently been observed only in Crohn's disease. Limitations to physical activity related to the disease, such as gastrointestinal and psychological symptoms, need to be considered in this population. Finally, no guidelines are available and there is no evidence regarding the effects of combined physical activity and nutritional support.

Summary
Although physical activity seems beneficial and safe for IBD patients, future studies are needed to clearly define recommendations in this population.
Noninvasive assessment oesophageal varices: impact of the Baveno VI criteria
Authors: Bai Wayne , Abraldes Juan G. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose of review
In 2015, as a consequence of the high development in noninvasive tests, Baveno VI consensus recommended for the first time the use of a prediction rule (liver stiffness <20kPa and platelet count > 150000) to identify patients at low risk of having varices and that could circumvent endoscopy. These became known as the Baveno VI criteria. We review here the data validating Baveno VI criteria and we discuss the attempts of expanding these criteria.

Recent findings
We report 28 studies assessing the performance of Baveno VI criteria showing a pooled 99% negative predictive value for ruling out high-risk varices. Performance is not affected by the cause of cirrhosis. Different attempts at expanding these criteria show suboptimal performance. Nonelastography-based criteria require further validation.

Summary
Baveno VI criteria can be safely used to avoid endoscopy in a substantial proportion of patients with compensated cirrhosis. The progressive change in approach to the management of compensated cirrhosis, progressively focusing on treating portal hypertension with beta-blockers independently of the presence of varices, might render these criteria less relevant.
Bilateral Posterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy as a Presentation of Severe Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ashok Pathuri , Sugumaran Ramkumar 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (PION) is a rare, potentially devastating condition characterized by acute, painless vision loss in one or both eyes and is associated with poor outcomes. Compared with anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, little data has been published on PION, mainly in the form of case reports and anecdotal observations. This is in large part due to the low incidence of this disease.

Case Report:
Here, we present a newly diagnosed 45-year-old diabetic female with uncontrolled blood sugars and sudden onset bilateral sequential visual loss with left complete ophthalmoplegia with normal fundus, neuroimaging of brain, orbits, and spinal cord. She was empirically treated with intravenous steroids and insulin but her immunologic, demyelinating, and infectious etiologies workup were also normal. Ultimately, the patient was diagnosed with vision loss secondary to diabetic cranial neuropathy and PION given the rest of her evaluation was unrevealing. At discharge her visual acuity was finger counting in right eye and perception of light in left eye with an improvement in bilateral extra ocular movements. At 3 months follow-up her right eye visual acuity had improved to 6/60 while the left eye remained same with normal bilateral extra ocular movements.

Conclusion:
Diabetic cranial neuropathy usually involves single or sequential nerve involvement but combined involvement of bilateral optic nerve and left 3, 4, and 6th cranial nerve involvement is unique to the current presentation. PION should be kept in mind in patients presenting with sudden painless bilateral vision loss with normal fundoscopy in the background of systemic disease like diabetes mellitus, though it usually occurs postoperatively.
FDG PET/MRI of Acute Myocarditis After mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Lee Chan-Hee , Kong Eun-Jung 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 22-year-old man visited the emergency department with chest pain. He had received a second dose of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA (Moderna) vaccine 5 days prior. 18F-FDG PET/MR revealed a focal FDG uptake and late gadolinium enhancement on the basal posterolateral wall of the left ventricle. Myocarditis after a COVID-19 vaccination has been reported predominantly after the second dose of mRNA vaccines in young men. This was a case of acute focal myocarditis after a COVID-19 mRNA vaccination, which was well-visualized by FDG PET/MRI.
Association Between Lung Ultrasound Patterns and Pneumonia
Authors: Sultan Salahaden R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pneumonia is a common respiratory infection that affects the lungs. Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a portable, cost-effective imaging method, which is free of ionizing radiation and has been shown to be useful for evaluating pneumonia. The aim of this retrospective analytical study was to determine the association between lung ultrasound patterns and pneumonia. For the purpose of performing the required analysis, LUS patterns including consolidations, pleural line irregularities, A lines and B lines from 90 subjects (44 patients with confirmed pneumonia and 46 controls) were retrieved from a published open-access data set, which was reviewed and approved by medical experts. A χ2 test was used for the comparison of categorical variables to determine the association between each LUS pattern and the presence of pneumonia. There is a significant association between LUS consolidation and the presence of pneumonia (P < 0.0001). Lung ultrasound A lines are significantly associated with the absence of pneumonia (P < 0.0001), whereas there are no associations between B lines or pleural line irregularities with pneumonia. Lung ultrasound consolidation is found to be associated with the presence of pneumonia. A lines are associated with healthy lungs, and there is no association of B lines and pleural irregularities with the presence of pneumonia. Further studies investigating LUS patterns with clinical information and symptoms of patients with pneumonia are required.
The Landscape of Nondirected Living Liver Donation in the United States
Authors: Herbst Leyla R. , Herrick-Reynolds Kayleigh , Bowles Zeiser Laura , López Julia I. , Kernodle Amber , Asamoah-Mensah Awura , Purnell Tanjala , Segev Dorry L. , Massie Allan B. , King Elizabeth , Garonzik-Wang Jacqueline , Cameron Andrew M. 
Published: March 2022

Background.
Living donor liver transplants (LDLTs) including those from nondirected donors (NDDs) have increased during the past decade, and center-level variations in LDLTs have not yet been described. We sought to quantify changes in the volume of NDD transplants over time and variation in NDD volume between transplant centers. We further examined characteristics of living liver donors and identified factors potentially associated with receiving an NDD liver transplant.

Methods.
Using Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data between March 01, 2002, and December 31, 2020, we compared 173 NDDs with 5704 DLDs and 167 NDD recipients with 1153 waitlist candidates.

Results.
NDDs increased from 1 (0.4% of LDLTs) in 2002 to 58 (12% of LDLTs) in 2020. Of 150 transplant centers, 35 performed at least 1 NDD transplant. Compared with waitlist candidates, adult NDD recipients were less frequently males (39% versus 62%, P < 0.001), had a lower model for end-stage liver disease (16 versus 18, P = 0.01), and spent fewer days on the waitlist (173 versus 246, P = 0.02). Compared with waitlist candidates, pediatric NDD recipients were younger (50% versus 12% age <2 y, P < 0.001) and more often diagnosed with biliary atresia (66% versus 41%, P < 0.001). Compared with DLDs, NDDs were older (40 versus 35 y, P < 0.001), college educated (83% versus 64%, P < 0.001), White (92% versus 78%, P < 0.001), and more frequently donated left-lateral segment grafts (32.0% versus 14%, P < 0.001).

Conclusions.
Liver NDD transplants continue to expand but remain concentrated at a few centers. Graft distribution favors female adults and pediatric patients with biliary atresia. Racial inequities in adult or pediatric center-level NDD graft distribution were not observed.
Predictors of Hypertension Development 1 Year After Heart Transplantation
Authors: Nygaard Sissel , Christensen Anders H. , Sletner Line , Rolid Katrine , Nytrøen Kari , Gullestad Lars , Fiane Arnt , Thaulow Erik , Døhlen Gaute , Saul J. Philip , Wyller Vegard B.B. 
Published: March 2022

Background.
Hypertension after heart transplantation (HTx) is common. We investigated predictors of and mechanisms for hypertension development during the first year after HTx, with particular attention toward immunosuppressive agents, reinnervation processes, and donor/recipient sex.

Methods.
Heart transplant recipients (HTxRs) were consecutively enrolled 7 to 12 wk after surgery and followed prospectively for 12 mo. Ambulatory blood pressure recordings and autonomic cardiovascular control assessments were performed at baseline and follow-up. Possible predictors of posttransplant hypertension development were investigated in bivariate linear regression analyses followed by multiple regression modeling.

Results.
A total of 50 HTxRs were included; 47 attended the follow-up appointment at 12 mo. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased significantly during the observational period (systolic blood pressure from 133 to 139 mm Hg, P = 0.007; diastolic blood pressure from 81 to 84 mm Hg, P = 0.005). The blood pressure increment was almost exclusively confined to HTxRs with a female donor heart, doubling the cases of systolic hypertension (from 6 to 13/14; 46% to 93%, P = 0.031) and diastolic hypertension (from 7 to 14/14; 54% to 100%, P = 0.031) in this subgroup. Autonomic cardiovascular control assessments suggested tonically constricted resistance and capacitance vessels in recipients with female donor hearts. Immunosuppressive agents and reinnervation markers were not associated with hypertension development.

Conclusions.
Blood pressures increase during the first year after HTx, with female donor sex as a strong predictor of recipient hypertension development. The underlying mechanism seems to be enhanced peripheral vasoconstriction caused by attenuated cardiovascular homeostasis capabilities. Further studies are needed to confirm the results.
Normothermic Ex Vivo Kidney Perfusion for Human Kidney Transplantation: First North American Results
Authors: Mazilescu Laura I. , Urbanellis Peter , Kim S. Joseph , Goto Toru , Noguchi Yuki , Konvalinka Ana , Reichman Trevor W. , Sayed Blayne A. , Mucsi Istvan , Lee Jason Y. , Robinson Lisa A. , Ghanekar Anand , Selzner Markus 
Published: March 2022

Background.
Normothermic ex vivo kidney perfusion (NEVKP) has shown promising results for preservation, assessment, and reconditioning of kidney allografts in preclinical studies. Here, we report the first North American safety and feasibility study of deceased donor kidneys grafts transplanted following preservation with NEVKP.

Methods.
Outcomes of 13 human kidney grafts that received 1 to 3 h of NEVKP after being transported in an anoxic hypothermic machine perfusion device were compared with a matched control group of 26 grafts that were preserved with anoxic hypothermic machine perfusion alone.

Results.
Grafts were perfused for a median of 171 min (range, 44–275 min). The delayed graft function rate in NEVKP versus control patients was 30.8% versus 46.2% (P = 0.51). During the 1-y follow-up, no differences in postoperative graft function, measured by serum creatinine, necessity for dialysis, and urine production, were found between the study group and the control group. There were no differences in 1 y posttransplantation graft or patient survival between the 2 groups.

Conclusions.
Our study demonstrates the safety and feasibility of NEVKP for human deceased donor kidney transplantation. Further studies are warranted to explore how this technology can minimize cold ischemia, improve posttransplant graft function, and assess and repair expanded criteria kidney grafts.
Hemodialyzed Individuals’ Left Spatial Attentional Bias Is Normalized Following Successful Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Mańkowska Aleksandra , Heilman Kenneth M. , Williamson John B. , Biedunkiewicz Bogdan , Dębska-Ślizień Alicja , Harciarek Michał 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Healthy people have a leftward spatial attentional bias, called pseudoneglect. Individuals with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who are receiving hemodialysis often demonstrate an increase in their leftward spatial attentional bias. Whereas a successful kidney transplant often improves the cognitive functions of individuals who previously received hemodialysis, the effect of a kidney transplant on this abnormal allocation of spatial attention has not been investigated.

Objective:
To investigate the effects of kidney transplant on individuals who were being treated with dialysis and had an increase in their left spatial attentional bias.

Method:
The performance of 20 hemodialyzed individuals with ESRD on the line bisection test was compared to that of 17 demographically matched individuals with ESRD, who had received a kidney transplant, and 23 demographically matched healthy controls (HC).

Results:
All of the participants exhibited a left spatial bias on the line bisection task. When compared with the HC, the hemodialyzed individuals demonstrated a significantly greater left spatial bias. There was, however, no difference in spatial bias between the HC and the individuals who had received a kidney transplant.

Conclusion:
A successful kidney transplant can improve patients’ abnormal leftward allocation of spatial attention. However, future studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms of this spatial attentional bias in hemodialyzed individuals and the normalization of bias following transplantation.
Diagnostic Utility of Hippocampal Volumetric Data in a Memory Disorder Clinic Setting
Authors: Ruchinskas Robert , Nguyen Trung , Womack Kyle , Khera Alka , Yu Fang F. , Kelley Brendan J. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Hippocampal volumetric data are widely used in research but are rarely examined in clinical populations in regard to aiding diagnosis or correlating with objective memory test scores.

Objective:
To replicate and expand on the few prior clinical examinations of the utility of hippocampal volumetric data. We evaluated MRI volumetric data to determine (a) the degree of hippocampal loss across diagnostic groups compared with a cognitively intact group, (b) if total or lateralized hippocampal volumes predict diagnostic group membership, and (c) how total and lateralized volumes correlate with memory tests.

Method:
We retrospectively examined hippocampal volumetric data and memory test scores for 294 individuals referred to a memory clinic.

Results:
Individuals with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer disease had smaller hippocampal volumes compared with cognitively intact individuals. The raw and normalized total and lateralized hippocampal volumes were essentially equal for predicting diagnostic group membership, and notably low hippocampal volumes evidenced greater specificity than sensitivity. All of the volumetric data correlated with the memory test scores, with the total and left hippocampal volumes accounting for the slightly more variance in the diagnostic groups.

Conclusion:
The diagnostic groups exhibited hippocampal volume loss, which can be a potential biomarker for neurodegenerative disease in clinical practice. However, solely using hippocampal volumetric data to predict diagnostic group membership or memory test failure was not supported. While extreme hippocampal volume loss was rare in the cognitively intact group, the sensitivity of these volumetric data suggests a need for supplementation by other tools when making a diagnosis.
Sleep Disorders in Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Kaleyias Joseph , Kothare Sanjeev V. 
Published: March 2022

Summary:Sleep disorders are common after traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study will review the spectrum and proposed mechanisms of TBI-associated sleep disorders and discuss the clinical approach to diagnosis and management of them. Disordered and fragmented sleep with insomnia and daytime sleepiness is very common after TBI. Sleep disruption contributes to morbidity and neurocognitive and neurobehavioral deficits and prolongs the recovery phase after injury. Early recognition and correction of these problems may limit the secondary effects of TBI and improve patient outcomes. Evaluating sleep disorders in TBI should be an important component of TBI assessment and management. Finally, newer research techniques for early diagnosis, prognosis, and improved outcomes after TBI will also be addressed.
Recognizing New-Onset Sleep Disorders in Autoimmune Encephalitis Often Prompt Earlier Diagnosis
Authors: Ralls Frank , Cutchen Lisa , Grigg-Damberger Madeleine M. 
Published: March 2022

Summary:
Sleep/wake disorders are common in patients with autoimmune encephalitis, sometimes the most prominent or sole initial symptom, then delaying diagnosis. Sleep/wake disorders in autoimmune encephalitis vary and include severe sleeplessness, hypersomnia, central and/or obstructive sleep apnea, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, indeterminate sleep/wake states, and loss of circadian sleep/wake rhythms. N-methyl-d aspartate receptor encephalitis (NMDAR) is often associated with insomnia, then hypersomnia and sleep-related central hypoventilation. Profound sleeplessness and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder are seen in patients with voltage-gated potassium channel–complex antibodies. Fragmented sleep and hypersomnia are common in paraneoplastic syndromes associated with anti-MA protein encephalitis; rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder in those with antibodies against leucine-rich glioma inactivated protein (LGI1) or contactin-associated protein 2 (CASPR2) antibodies. Antibodies against a cell adhesion protein IGLON5 may result in obstructive sleep apnea, inspiratory stridor, disorganized nonrapid eye movement sleep, and excessive movements and parasomnias fragmenting nonrapid and rapid eye movement sleep. Recognizing a particular sleep/wake disorder is often a presenting or prominent feature in certain autoimmune encephalitis permit for earlier diagnosis. This is important because reduced morbidity and better short- and long-term outcomes are associated with earlier diagnosis and immunotherapies.
What Is the Prognostic Significance of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Without Atonia in a Polysomnogram?
Authors: Ralls Frank , Cutchen Lisa , Grigg-Damberger Madeleine M. 
Published: March 2022

Summary:Freud said we are lucky to be paralyzed during sleep, so we cannot act out our dreams. Atonia of skeletal muscles normally present during rapid eye movement sleep prevents us from acting out our dreams. Observing rapid eye movement sleep without atonia in a polysomnogram in older adults first and foremost warrants consideration of rapid eye movement behavior disorder. Seventy-five to 90% of older adults with isolated rapid eye movement behavior disorder will develop a neurodegenerative disease within 15 years, most often a synucleinopathy. Rapid eye movement sleep without atonia in those younger than 50 years is commonly found in individuals with narcolepsy and those taking antidepressant medications.
Utilization of Pharmacy Value-Added Services and Its Association with Waiting Time for Medication Collection in Public Health Institutions across Malaysia
Authors: Taridi Mazuin Mahmud , Abu Hassan Muhammad Radzi , Mohamad Rozita , Keat Chan Huan , Nordin Noraini , Lim Chan Pui , Wen Ong Chin , Muzakir Khairul Iman , Ramli Azuana 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundPharmacy value-added services (PVAS) have long been offered in public health institutions across Malaysia as an alternative to conventional counter services for prescription refills, with the aim to reduce the waiting time.ObjectiveTo assess the utilization of the PVAS in individual health institutions, and its association with the achievement of the key performance indicator (KPI) set for the pharmacy waiting time.MethodThis was a cross-sectional study based on the data contributed by 142 hospitals and 648 health clinics throughout 2018. The availability and uptake of the PVAS were summarized as percentages. The impacts of the PVAS uptake and the other institution-related factors on the KPI achievement were further explored using the logistic regression analysis.ResultsApproximately 2.9 million (17.1%) of the refill prescriptions were dispensed via the PVAS. The appointment-and-pickup services (42.7%) and the Integrated Drug Dispensing System (23.7%) emerged as the most commonly used types of PVAS. A higher PVAS uptake was associated with a better KPI achievement (OR=0.91, 95% CI: 0.84-0.98). In contrast, adding a new type of PVAS to the existing services yielded an opposite outcome (OR=1.48, 95% CI: 1.15-1.89). Both the prescription load and location of health institutions were also found have influenced the KPI achievement.ConclusionThe PVAS are generally well accepted in Malaysia and showed to have reduced the pharmacy waiting time. However, strategies to optimize the PVAS uptake are warranted.