bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐Temperature Synthesis of NiSb2, Cu2Sb, InSb and Sb2Te3 Starting from the Elements
Authors: Grasser Matthias A. , Müller Ulrike , Ruck Michael 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIonic liquids (ILs) are able to activate elements that are insoluble in common solvents. Here, the synthesis of binary antimony compounds directly from elements was explored. The 12 elements Ti−Cu, Al, Ga, In, and Te, known to form binary compounds with Sb, were reacted with Sb in [P66614]Cl under inert conditions in a closed glass flask with vigorous stirring for 16 h at 200 °C. This was immediately successful in four cases and resulted in the formation of NiSb, InSb, Cu2Sb and Sb2Te3. The applied reaction temperature is several hundred degrees below the temperatures required for solvent‐free conversions. Compared to reactions based on diffusion in the solid state, reaction times are much shorter. The IL is not consumed and can be recycled. Since the reaction with Cu showed almost complete conversion, the influences of reaction time, temperature and medium were further investigated. Among the tested imidazolium ILs ([BMIm]Cl, [BMIm][OAc], [BDMIm]Cl) and phosphonium ILs ([P66614]X, X=Cl−, [DCA]−, [OAc]−, [NTf2]−), those with chloride anion yielded the best results. In a diffusion experiment, Cu2Sb formed on the copper, which indicates that antimony forms mobile species in these ILs. Supplemental crystal structure data of (As3S4)[AlCl4], which was ionothermally synthesized from As and S, are reported.
Introduction: Secularities, Technologies, and Modern Temporalities
Authors: Fisher-Høyrem Stefan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractConnecting the historiography of British secularization to two theoretical developments known as the material and temporal turns, this chapter shifts the focus from conceptualizations of religion and its negation, attending instead to the implicit assumptions about the nature of time underpinning specific modern socio-technological networks. Starting from Charles Taylor’s association of secularity with the temporal dimension of modern social imaginaries, the chapter argues that scholars of secular time tend to make three mistakes: conflating secular time with other kinds of time; assuming too much about the global reach and power of secular time based on the presence of certain technologies; and failing to operationalize the concept in specific case studies. This book offers a way to avoid repeating these mistakes and offers examples of how historians can operationalize secular time.
Banknotes: The Money of Civilization
Authors: Fisher-Høyrem Stefan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFor centuries, the value of Bank of England’s notes had been guaranteed through the state’s punitive system and prerogative to claim future taxes. The early nineteenth century saw a deliberate and extensive mobilization of human skill and sophisticated technology through which the value of the bank’s notes was further secured by force of their inimitability. This chapter describes how through this deliberate ‘combination of the arts’, Bank of England notes came to embody the immutability of the abstract gold standard, acquiring a function as immutable mobiles which might be circulated without deterioration, or in other words through a time independent of their motion. In this way, Bank of England notes, and the networks that produced them and facilitated their circulation, mediated secular time.
Generationen abnehmenden Glaubens
Authors: Stolz Jörg , Senn Jeremy 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Artikel untersucht, inwiefern das in anderen westlichen Ländern nachgewiesene Phänomen der Kohorten-Säkularisierung auch für die Schweiz gilt. Nach dieser Theorie kommt die Säkularisierung zustande, weil religiösere durch weniger religiöse Kohorten ersetzt werden – und nicht weil die Religiosität von Individuen im Lebensverlauf abnimmt. Der Artikel untersucht die Entwicklung christlicher Religiosität und holistischer (ganzheitlicher) Spiritualität auf der Basis mehrerer großer Sozialumfragen. Die These der Kohorten-Säkularisierung kann für christliche Religiosität großenteils bestätigt werden: Die Säkularisierung entsteht zu einem wichtigen Teil, weil jede neue Generation etwas weniger religiös ist. Es handelt sich um «Generationen abnehmenden Glaubens». Hingegen finden wir keine Hinweise darauf, dass viele Personen ihren Glauben behalten und nur die Kirchenmitgliedschaft ablegen («believing without belonging»). Auch eine holistisch-spirituelle Revolution hat nicht stattgefunden.
Toxic metal pollution of aquatic ecosystems of European Union nature protection areas in a region of intensive agriculture (Lake Gopło, Poland)
Authors: Juśkiewicz Włodzimierz , Gierszewski Piotr 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe paper presents the results of research into toxic metal concentrations in the surface layer of bottom sediments in Lake Gopło. The research objectives were to identify the levels and spatial variability of Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni, Cr, As and Hg concentrations, their potential sources and the determinants of pollution levels. Metal contamination of the sediments was assessed using the geoaccumulation index (Igeo), pollution load index (PLI) and ecological risk index (RI). Chemometric methods (Pearson correlation, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used to determine the relationship between sampling sites and concentrations of toxic metals, thereby identifying the sources of contamination. The research found that grain-size composition, carbonate content and organic matter content in the bottom surface sediments of Lake Gopło are all characterised by low diversity. Therefore, the lithological features of the sediments are not a major factor in the concentrations and spatial variability of the metals. It was found that the metal concentrations in the great majority of samples were above regional geochemical background levels. The geochemical indices (Igeo, PLI, RI) indicate that the degree of toxic metal pollution in the sediments is slight in the central and southern parts of the lake and high in the northern part. The chemical analysis results showed that the samples in the central and southern parts of the lake differ little in their shares and concentrations of individual metals. This provides evidence that, as well as geogenic sources, their presence in sediments can be associated with non-point sources related to agricultural activities and with atmospheric sources (mainly the products of fossil fuel combustion). The higher concentrations of metals (especially Ni, Cd, Cr and Hg) in the northern part of the lake are influenced by the supply of industrial and communal pollutants from the lakeside town of Kruszwica. A factor limiting the migration of pollutants from the northern part of the lake towards the south is the lake’s morphology of the lake, which hinders water exchange between the northern part and the rest of the lake.
Von der Nase ins Ohr: Feldkanzerisierung über die Tuba auditiva
Authors: Flockerzi Veronika , Schick Bernhard , Bozzato Alessandro 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungWir berichten über das metachrone Auftreten eines invertierten Papilloms im ipsilateralen Mittelohr nach Resektion eines endonasalen invertierten Papilloms sowie über dessen maligne Transformation. Nach mehrfachen sanierenden Operationen sowie adjuvanter Radiochemotherapie kam es zu einem Rezidiv mit intrazerebraler Manifestation. Diese führte zum Tod der Patientin drei Jahre nach Erstvorstellung.
A three-dimensional (3D) printed simulator as a feasible assessment tool for evaluating hip arthroscopy skills
Authors: Cai Bohong , Duan Shengfeng , Yi Jiahui , Bay Boon Huat , Huang Jiaxing , Huang Wei , Hu Ning , Chen Cheng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The aims of this study were (1) to develop a three-dimensional (3D) printed simulator that facilitates the simulation of surgical skills for portal placement, intra-articular identification of anatomical structures and arthroscope navigation for hip arthroscopy and (2) to concurrently examine the feasibility of using this simulator as an assessment tool to evaluate trainees’ surgical competencies.

Methods
A simulator was developed using a combination of medical imaging, computer-aided design, and 3D printing. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 29 participants divided into 3 subgroups (novice, intermediate and experienced). All participants performed related skills on the simulator, and their performance was evaluated using different assessment parameters. The participants’ qualitative feedback regarding the simulator was also collected. The data collated from each group of participants were subsequently compared.

Results
Significant differences were observed between the three subgroups of participants with regard to the total checklist score (F2,26 = 11.3), total Arthroscopic Surgical Skill Evaluation score (F2,26 = 92.1), overall final global rating scale score (F2,26 = 49), number of times the participants used fluoroscopy (F2,26 = 7.4), and task completion times (F2,26 = 23.5). The participants’ performance in the simulated operation was correlated with their prior clinical experience. There was mainly positive feedback with regard to the fidelity and utility of the simulator in relation to the surgeons’ prior clinical experience.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that a reliable hip arthroscopic simulator can be developed for use by orthopedic surgeons to evaluate their hip arthroscopic skills before performing actual surgical operations.

Level of evidence
Level III.
Care Fragmentation in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Greenberg Jacques A. , Thiesmeyer Jessica W. , Egan Caitlin E. , Lee Yeon Joo , Sivarajah Maheshwaran , Zarnegar Rasa , Fahey Thomas J. , Beninato Toni , Finnerty Brendan M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAmong surgical patients, care fragmentation (CF) is associated with worse outcomes. However, oncologic literature documents an association between high surgical volume and improved outcomes, favoring centralized cancer‐surgery centers and thus predisposing to CF in patients with surgically treated tumors. We aimed to identify features associated with CF and ascertain differences in overall survival (OS) among patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC).MethodsThe National Cancer Database was queried for DTC patients diagnosed from 2009 to 2017. Patients experienced CF if part of their treatment was performed outside of the reporting facility or an associated office. A multivariable logistic regression analysis identified independent features associated with CF. A Cox multivariable regression analysis assessed the impact of CF on OS. A Kaplan–Meier analysis compared survival differences between patients experiencing CF or unified care (UC).ResultsA total of 131,620 patients were included. Among them, 70,204 (53.3%) experienced CF and 61,416 (46.7%) experienced UC. Age < 55, residing in high‐income areas, and stage 3 and 4 tumors were features independently associated with CF, whereas uninsured patients were less likely to experience CF than the privately insured. The features most strongly associated with CF were treatment at highest thyroid cancer‐surgery volume institutions and traveling in the top distance quartile. While patients with CF experienced minor delays in time from diagnosis to surgery, 5‐year OS was improved among patients with CF compared to UC for those with Stage 1–3 disease.ConclusionsAmong patients with DTC, CF is associated with treatment at a highest thyroid cancer surgery volume facility and improved OS in a setting of minor treatment delays.
Feasibility of pressurized intra peritoneal aerosol chemotherapy using an ultrasound aerosol generator (usPIPAC)
Authors: Höltzcke Phil , Sautkin Iaroslav , Clere Samuel , Castagna Arianna , Königsrainer Alfred , Pott Peter P. , Reymond Marc A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background

We tested the feasibility of ultrasound technology for generating pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (usPIPAC) and compared its performance vs. comparator (PIPAC).

Material and methods
A piezoelectric ultrasound aerosolizer (NextGen, Sinaptec) was compared with the available technology (Capnopen, Capnomed). Granulometry was measured for water, Glc 5%, and silicone oil using laser diffraction spectrometry. Two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) spraying patterns were determined with methylene blue. Tissue penetration of doxorubicin (DOX) was measured by fluorescence microscopy in the enhanced inverted Bovine Urinary Bladder model (eIBUB). Tissue DOX concentration was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Results
The droplets median aerodynamic diameter was (usPIPAC vs. PIPAC): H20: 40.4 (CI 10–90%: 19.0–102.3) vs. 34.8 (22.8–52.7) µm; Glc 5%: 52.8 (22.2–132.1) vs. 39.0 (23.7–65.2) µm; Silicone oil: 178.7 (55.7–501.8) vs. 43.0 (20.2–78.5) µm. 2D and 3D blue ink distribution pattern of usPIPAC was largely equivalent with PIPAC, as was DOX tissue concentration (usPIPAC: 0.65 (CI 5-95%: 0.44–0.86) vs. PIPAC: 0.88 (0.59–1.17) ng/ml, p = 0.29). DOX tissue penetration with usPIPAC was inferior to PIPAC: usPIPAC: 60.1 (CI 5.95%: 58.8–61.5) µm vs. PIPAC: 1172 (1157–1198) µm, p < 0.001). The homogeneity of spatial distribution (top, middle and bottom of the eIBUB) was comparable between modalities.

Discussion
usPIPAC is feasible, but its performance as a drug delivery system remains currently inferior to PIPAC, in particular for lipophilic solutions.
Changing the tracks: screening for electron transfer proteins to support hydrogen production
Authors: Günzel Alexander , Engelbrecht Vera , Happe Thomas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ferredoxins are essential electron transferring proteins in organisms. Twelve plant-type ferredoxins in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii determine the fate of electrons, generated in multiple metabolic processes. The two hydrogenases HydA1 and HydA2 of. C. reinhardtii compete for electrons from the photosynthetic ferredoxin PetF, which is the first stromal mediator of the high-energy electrons derived from the absorption of light energy at the photosystems. While being involved in many chloroplast-located metabolic pathways, PetF shows the highest affinity for ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase (FNR), not for the hydrogenases. Aiming to identify other potential electron donors for the hydrogenases, we screened as yet uncharacterized ferredoxins Fdx7, 8, 10 and 11 for their capability to reduce the hydrogenases. Comparing the performance of the Fdx in presence and absence of competitor FNR, we show that Fdx7 has a higher affinity for HydA1 than for FNR. Additionally, we show that synthetic FeS-cluster-binding maquettes, which can be reduced by NADPH alone, can also be used to reduce the hydrogenases. Our findings pave the way for the creation of tailored electron donors to redirect electrons to enzymes of interest.

Graphical abstract
Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis is associated with maxillary form: a geometric morphometric analysis
Authors: Nemec Michael , Schwarz Linda , Bertl Michael H. , Bertl Kristina , Gahleitner André , Mitteroecker Philipp , Jonke Erwin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background and objective
Agenesis of the maxillary lateral incisor occurs in up to 4% of all individuals and requires multidisciplinary treatment. Its developmental origins, however, are not fully understood. Earlier studies documented genetic factors contributing to agenesis but also an association with craniofacial morphology. In this study, we assessed the association between maxillary morphology and lateral incisor agenesis by a geometric morphometric approach to disentangle the roles of developmental plasticity and genetic factors.

Materials and methods
We quantified the maxillary alveolar ridge by 19 two-dimensional landmarks on cross-sectional images of 101 computed tomography scans. We compared the shape and size of the alveolar ridge across patients with unilateral or bilateral agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors and patients with extracted or in situ incisors.

Results
The maxillary alveolar ridge was clearly narrower in patients with agenesis or an extracted incisor compared to the control group, whereas the contralateral side of the unilateral agenesis had an intermediate width. Despite massive individual variation, the ventral curvature of the alveolar ridge was, on average, more pronounced in the bilateral agenesis group compared to unilateral agenesis and tooth extraction.

Conclusions
This suggests that pleiotropic genetic and epigenetic factors influence both tooth development and cranial growth, but an inappropriately sized or shaped alveolar process may also inhibit normal formation or development of the tooth bud, thus leading to dental agenesis.

Clinical relevance
Our results indicate that bilateral agenesis of the lateral incisor tends to be associated with a higher need of bone augmentation prior to implant placement than unilateral agenesis.
Potential and challenges of tool condition monitoring in gear hobbing
Authors: Hendricks Steffen , Troß Nico , Brimmers Jens , Bergs Thomas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDue to its high productivity, gear hobbing is one of the most frequently used manufacturing processes for the soft machining of cylindrical gears. One of the main objectives of an optimized manufacturing process is to maintain the required component quality while minimizing manufacturing costs. In both cases, knowledge of the tool wear is of great importance. Tool Condition Monitoring (TCM) provides a methodical approach to tracking tool wear during the process. In this report, various sensors are investigated with regard to their potential for TCM. Fly-cutting and hobbing experiments were conducted for this purpose. The signal data recorded during the tests were processed using high-pass filters, Hilbert transforms and Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT) in the time and frequency domain and evaluated according to various parameters. Based on the results, statements were made about the relationships between signal data and process conditions. For a precise evaluation of the tool condition, the combination of several sensors is necessary. In particular, the tool-side-mounted acoustic emission and acceleration sensors in combination with the power sensor and the airborne sound sensor showed increased amplitude values with increased wear. For the acceleration signals it could be shown that higher orders reacted more sensitively to increased tool wear. For the workpiece-side-mounted sensors, no meaningful results could be obtained due to the large distance to the cutting zone.
Early Differentiation of the Phenotypic Space and Performance of Juniperus thurifera Across Woodland-Expanding Areas
Authors: Benavides Raquel , Acuña-Míguez Belén , Valladares Fernando 
Published: August 2022

AbstractForest expansion after rural abandonment is changing landscapes, bringing new challenges and opportunities. Juvenile performance has an effect in the establishment of new forests and the subsequent acclimation of adult trees. However, most studies have focused on the performance of adult trees. Here, we analysed differences in the phenotypic trait space of juveniles across gradients of Juniperus thurifera woodland expansion and explored which traits shape juveniles’ performance, seeking specific drivers of such differentiation and the role of the ontogeny. Thus, we surveyed functional leaf and plant-size traits in 180 juveniles growing in 18 plots at three different tree density stages (mature woodland, recently established area and a transition zone between both) and recorded local environmental conditions around each individual. We also estimated their radial growth and resilience to drought (in terms of resistance, recovery and resilience) as performance indicators. We found no relevant effects of the study environmental variables, but we did find a shift in the phenotypic space among juveniles across the gradient, with taller crowns and higher amount of leaf N and δ13C at the expanding edge. This trait differentiation across the gradient implied higher performance of young trees growing in old agricultural fields, both in growth rate and drought resilience terms. Our results showed a relevant land-use legacy on early trait differentiation that shapes more efficient phenotypes in the expanding edge compared to those in mature woodlands, suggesting that the future of these new forests is not compromised under current conditions.
Effect of Potassium Silicate and Irrigation on Grain Nutrient Uptake and Water Use Efficiency of Wheat Under Calcareous Soils
Authors: Saudy Hani Saber , Salem Emad M. M. , Abd El-Momen Wasfi Ramadan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn calcareous soil, two field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of two potassium silicate treatments (with and without) and three irrigation levels (100, 80 and 60%, of crop evapotranspiration, abbreviated as IW100, IW80 and IW60, respectively) on wheat yield and nutrient uptake and water use efficiency (WUE). The experimental design was a strip plots design in randomized complete block arrangement with three replicates. Findings reveal that potassium silicate improved grain weight spike−1 by about 1.06 times whether with IW80 or IW60. Also, seed index increased by 1.03, 1.06 and 1.04 times owing to potassium silicate in the 1st season under IW100, IW80 and IW60 treatments, respectively. Application of potassium silicate surpassed the control treatment by about 1.05, 1.4 and 1.07 times for biological straw and grain yields under IW80. The interaction of IW80 × potassium silicate significantly equaled IW100 × potassium silicate for P, S Mg and Mn uptake in both seasons as well as N, K and Zn uptake in the 1st season and Fe uptake in the 2nd season. IW80 or IW60 with potassium silicate application were the efficient combinations for improving WUE in both growing seasons.
Abundance and seasonality of phoronid larvae in coastal temperate waters: More abundant than previously thought?
Authors: McGuinness Maria , Brownlow Hannah , McAllen Rob , Harman Luke , Haberlin Damien , Doyle Thomas K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn zooplankton surveys, many smaller taxa or species considered less important are often overlooked. One such example is the actinotrocha larvae of phoronid worms that are rarely quantified in zooplankton samples yet may play important roles in marine food webs. To gain a better understanding of phoronid ecology in coastal waters, we retrospectively analysed 145 plankton samples collected from two coastal sites in Ireland (Lough Hyne and Bantry Bay). Samples were collected using plankton nets from depths of 20 and 40 m. Phoronids were present in 37.7% and 38.2% of samples, with mean abundances of 0.3 ± 0.5 ind. m−3 and 1.2 ± 2.8 ind. m−3, respectively, and were identified as Phoronis muelleri and Phoronis hippocrepia. Phoronids were present consistently each year from April to October at Lough Hyne and from February to October at Bantry Bay. Comparisons with other taxa in Lough Hyne show that abundances are similar to those of fish larvae (1.1 ± 1.8 ind. m−3) and echinoderm larvae (2.3 ± 4.4 ind. m−3). Examination of these samples from Irish waters suggests that phoronids are more abundant in temperate waters than previously reported.