bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized and propensity score‐matched studies
Authors: Scquizzato Tommaso , Bonaccorso Alessandra , Consonni Michela , Scandroglio Anna Mara , Swol Justyna , Landoni Giovanni , Zangrillo Alberto 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn selected patients with refractory out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation represents a promising approach when conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation fails to achieve return of spontaneous circulation. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to compare extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation to conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation.MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials up to November 28, 2021, for randomized trials and observational studies reporting propensity score‐matched data and comparing adults with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest treated with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation with those treated with conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The primary outcome was survival with favorable neurological outcome at the longest follow‐up available. Secondary outcomes were survival at the longest follow‐up available and survival at hospital discharge/30 days.ResultsWe included six studies, two randomized and four propensity score‐matched studies. Patients treated with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation had higher rates of survival with favorable neurological outcome (81/584 [14%] vs. 46/593 [7.8%]; OR = 2.11; 95% CI, 1.41–3.15; p < 0.001, number needed to treat 16) and of survival (131/584 [22%] vs. 102/593 [17%]; OR = 1.40; 95% CI, 1.05–1.87; p = 0.02) at the longest follow‐up available compared with conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Survival at hospital discharge/30 days was similar between the two groups (142/584 [24%] vs. 122/593 [21%]; OR = 1.26; 95% CI, 0.95–1.66; p = 0.10).ConclusionsEvidence from randomized trials and propensity score‐matched studies suggests increased survival and favorable neurological outcome in patients with refractory out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest treated with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Large, multicentre randomized studies are still ongoing to confirm these findings.
Abundance‐ and incidence‐based estimation of total number of rare species in under‐sampled sites
Authors: Wu Yongbin , Chen Youhua , Li Feng‐Quan , Shen Tsung‐Jen , Nielsen Scott E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractQuestionsEcologists collecting field samples of biological data have a keen interest in addressing the following question: how many rare species are there in as‐yet unsurveyed additional samples? Depending on the size of a targeted additional sample, statistical models for estimating the number of rare species have not been systematically established and compared.LocationGlobal.MethodsFor fairly comparing and predicting rare‐species richness at the same sample‐size baseline, we systematically developed and compared four estimators for rarefaction and extrapolation of rare‐species richness with a given specific abundance. These four estimators included a uniformly minimum variance unbiased (UMVUE), Bayesian‐weighted, Chao‐derived unweighted and naïve estimator.ResultsAfter extensive numerical tests, for conducting rarefaction of rare‐species richness (i.e., when additional sample size was not larger than the original one) it is recommended to implement UMVUE, as it has zero bias and coverage percentage closest to 0.95. However, the performance of Bayesian‐weighted and Chao‐derived estimators is also satisfactory. By contrast, for conducting extrapolation of rare‐species richness (i.e., when the additional sample size is larger than the original one), the Bayesian‐weighted estimator is recommended, as it has the best performance among the four estimators (here UMVUE is inapplicable).ConclusionsThere was no absolute winner, as the different estimators have their own merits and are recommended under different settings. When conducting rarefaction of rare‐species richness, UMVUE, which has the highest accuracy, is recommended. By contrast, when conducting extrapolation of rare‐species richness, the Bayesian‐weighted estimator is recommended, as it has the overall best performance. To facilitate the potential application in the comparison and prediction of rare‐species diversity using rarefaction and extrapolation techniques, an R package (fRSE) has been developed; it is freely distributed at the following URL: https://github.com/ecomol/fRSE.
Characterisation of individual ferritin response in patients receiving chelation therapy
Authors: Borella Elisa , Oosterholt Sean , Magni Paolo , Della Pasqua Oscar 
Published: February 2022

AimsTo develop a drug–disease model describing iron overload and its effect on ferritin response in patients affected by transfusion‐dependent haemoglobinopathies and investigate the contribution of interindividual differences in demographic and clinical factors on chelation therapy with deferiprone or deferasirox.MethodsIndividual and mean serum ferritin data were retrieved from 13 published studies in patients affected by haemoglobinopathies receiving deferiprone or deferasirox. A nonlinear mixed effects modelling approach was used to characterise iron homeostasis and serum ferritin production taking into account annual blood consumption, baseline demographic and clinical characteristics. The effect of chelation therapy was parameterised as an increase in the iron elimination rate. Internal and external validation procedures were used to assess model performance across different study populations.ResultsAn indirect response model was identified, including baseline ferritin concentrations and annual blood consumption as covariates. The effect of chelation on iron elimination rate was characterised by a linear function, with different slopes for each drug (0.0109 [90% CI: 0.0079–0.0131] vs. 0.0013 [90% CI: 0.0008–0.0018] L/mg mo). In addition to drug‐specific differences in the magnitude of the ferritin response, simulation scenarios indicate that ferritin elimination rates depend on ferritin concentrations at baseline.ConclusionModelling of serum ferritin following chronic blood transfusion enabled the evaluation of drug‐induced changes in iron elimination rate and ferritin production. The use of a semi‐mechanistic parameterisation allowed us to disentangle disease‐specific factors from drug‐specific properties. Despite comparable chelation mechanisms, deferiprone appears to have a significantly larger effect on the iron elimination rate than deferasirox.
Environmental, spatial and biotic factors affect the tadpole distribution in Brazilian savannas
Authors: Ferreira da Paixão Ingrid Beatriz , Alves‐Ferreira Gabriela , Nomura Fausto 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMultiple factors contribute to explaining the composition and structure of communities, and the niche is still the most used theory to describe how organisms interact with such factors to generate biological communities’ patterns. Both biotic and abiotic aspects of the environment along with the geographic space interact in complex ways with the behavior and physiological tolerance of organisms to structure a community. In this study, we tested the potential effects of the environment, space and competition and assess how the may determine the distribution of tadpoles in aquatic habitats located at Emas National Park. To this end, we sampled 23 aquatic habitats, described their environmental characteristics, recorded their geographic location, and carried out a survey of the tadpoles found. Later, we evaluated the effect of environmental and spatial variables on the distribution of species, through a Partial Redundancy analysis, using matrices of environmental descriptors and geographic location. We found that both environmental and spatial factors drive the distribution and the species composition of the studied assemblages. Also, when we analyzed the pattern of co‐occurrence, we observed that the number of co‐occurrence pairs of species in the Emas National Park is less frequent than expected by chance, suggesting that besides the effect of abiotic components (environmental and spatial factors), competition is a co‐structuring factor in the assemblages of tadpoles.Abstract in portuguese is available with online material.
Water‐soluble dietary fiber alleviates cancer‐induced muscle wasting through changes in gut microenvironment in mice
Authors: Sakakida Tomoki , Ishikawa Takeshi , Doi Toshifumi , Morita Ryuichi , Endo Yuki , Matsumura Shinya , Ota Takayuki , Yoshida Juichiro , Hirai Yasuko , Mizushima Katsura , Higashimura Yasuki , Inoue Ken , Okayama Tetsuya , Uchiyama Kazuhiko , Takagi Tomohisa , Abe Aya , Inoue Ryo , Itoh Yoshito , Naito Yuji 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCancer cachexia and the associated skeletal muscle wasting are considered poor prognostic factors, although effective treatment has not yet been established. Recent studies have indicated that the pathogenesis of skeletal muscle loss may involve dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and the accompanying chronic inflammation or altered metabolism. In this study, we evaluated the possible effects of modifying the gut microenvironment with partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG), a soluble dietary fiber, on cancer‐related muscle wasting and its mechanism using a colon‐26 murine cachexia model. Compared with a fiber‐free (FF) diet, PHGG contained fiber‐rich (FR) diet–attenuated skeletal muscle loss in cachectic mice by suppressing the elevation of the major muscle‐specific ubiquitin ligases Atrogin‐1 and MuRF1, as well as the autophagy markers LC3 and Bnip3. Although tight‐junction markers were partially reduced in both FR and FF diet–fed cachectic mice, the abundance of Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia, and unclassified S24‐7 family increased by FR diet, contributing to the retention of the colonic mucus layer. The reinforcement of the gut barrier function resulted in the controlled entry of pathogens into the host system and reduced circulating levels of lipopolysaccharide‐binding protein (LBP) and IL‐6, which in turn led to the suppression of proteolysis by downregulating the ubiquitin‐proteasome system and autophagy pathway. These results suggest that dietary fiber may have the potential to alleviate skeletal muscle loss in cancer cachexia, providing new insights for developing effective strategies in the future.
Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination in infants born at term: Predicting outcomes other than cerebral palsy
Authors: Romeo Domenico M. , Cowan Frances M. , Haataja Leena , Ricci Daniela , Pede Elisa , Gallini Francesca , Cota Francesco , Brogna Claudia , Romeo Mario G. , Vento Giovanni , Mercuri Eugenio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimWe explored the ability of the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) to identify cognitive performance delay at 2 years in a large cohort of infants born at term.MethodWe conducted a retrospective study of infants born at term at risk of neurodevelopmental impairments assessed using the HINE between 3 and 12 months post‐term age and compared them with a cohort of typically developing infants born at term. All infants performed a neurodevelopmental assessment at 2 years of age using the Mental Development Index (MDI) of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Second Edition; the presence of cerebral palsy (CP) was also reported. The infants were classified as being cognitively normal/mildly delayed or significantly delayed (MDI < 70). The predictive validity of HINE scores for significantly delayed cognitive performance, in infants with and without CP, was calculated using specific cut‐off scores according to age at assessment.ResultsA total of 446 at‐risk and 235 typically developing infants (345 males, 336 females; mean [SD] gestational age 38.7 weeks [1.4], range 37–43 weeks) were included. Of the at‐risk infants, 408 did not have CP at 2 years; 243 had a normal/mild delayed MDI and 165 had an MDI less than 70. Of the at‐risk infants, 38 developed CP. HINE scores showed a good sensitivity and specificity, mainly after 3 months, for identifying significantly delayed cognitive performance in infants without CP. In those with CP, the score was associated with their cognitive performance. The comparison group had the highest HINE scores.InterpretationThe HINE provides evidence about the risk of delayed cognitive performance at age 2 years in infants born at term with and without CP.
The causes and ecological context of rapid morphological evolution in birds
Authors: Crouch Nicholas M. A. , Tobias Joseph A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEpisodic pulses in morphological diversification are a prominent feature of evolutionary history, driven by factors that remain widely disputed. Resolving this question has proved challenging because comprehensive species‐level data are generally unavailable at sufficient scale. Combining global phylogenetic and morphological data for birds, we show that pulses of diversification in lineages and traits tend to occur independently and in different contexts. Speciation pulses are preceded by greater differentiation in overall morphology and habitat niche, then followed by increased rates of beak evolution. Contrary to standard hypotheses, pulses of morphological diversification tend to be associated with habitat niche stability rather than adaptation to different diets and habitat types. These patterns suggest that the timing of diversification varies across traits according to their ecological function, and that pulses of morphological evolution may occur when successful lineages subdivide niche space within particular habitat types. Our results highlight the growing potential of functional trait data sets to refine macroevolutionary models.
Full‐thickness endotracheal tube defect resulting in an anaesthetic circuit leak
Authors: Miller Lucy , Lord Samuel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundLoss of endotracheal tube (ETT) integrity secondary to dental damage is reported in the human literature.ObjectiveTo describe this problem in equine anaesthesia.Study designCase report.Clinical summaryAn 18‐year‐old Standardbred gelding presented out of hours with colic signs. Findings on clinical examination and pain refractory to analgesia meant that exploratory laparotomy was elected for. Prior to general anaesthesia (GA) leak testing of the anaesthetic machine was performed and the pilot balloon of the endotracheal tube (ETT) was inflated to confirm cuff integrity. Intermittent‐positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) was initiated immediately following placement in dorsal recumbency and connection to the anaesthetic machine. During the inspiratory phase of IPPV, a loud gas leak was audible from the oropharynx and minimal thoracic excursion was observed, with repeated inflations of the ETT cuff unsuccessful at abolishing the leak. Due to suspicion of a defect within the silicone ETT itself, a support arm was used to abolish the curvature of the ETT, maintaining it in a straighter plane. This intervention abolished the leak allowing effective IPPV. After completion of GA, a close inspection of the ETT revealed a full‐thickness laceration, thought to be a result of dental damage at an earlier date.Main limitationsA single case is described.ConclusionsThis report emphasises the importance of thorough inspection of the ETT prior to use to effectively secure the airway and enable IPPV provision in critical cases.
Prostate biopsy and prostate cancer management in patients with haemophilia: The experience of French Haemophilia Treatment Centres
Authors: Gautier Philippe , Guillet Benoit , Sigaud Marianne , Claeyssens Ségolène , Volot Fabienne Genre , Chamouni Pierre , Lienahrt Anne , Frotscher Birgit , Fournel Alexandra , Castet Sabine , Poumayou Catherine , Gay Valérie , Thuret Rodolphe , Wibaut Bénédicte , Biron‐Andreani Christine 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundData are limited on prostate cancer (PC) management in patients with haemophilia (PWH).AimTo describe PC screening and diagnosis, treatment modalities and bleeding complications in a group of unselected PWH followed at French Haemophilia Treatment Centres (HTCs)Patients and methodsPC screening, management and bleeding complications were retrospectively investigated at 14 French HTCs between 2003 and 2018.ResultsAmong> 1549 > 50‐year‐old PWHs, 73 (4.7%) underwent PC screening (median age 71.1 years; 67/6 HA/HB, 17/56 severe‐moderate/mild). At diagnosis, haematuria was infrequent. Prophylaxis was administered during 76/86 (88%) prostate biopsies (PB) (n = 67 clotting factor concentrates, CFC; n = 9 desmopressin; n = 17 associated with tranexamic acid, TA). Bleeding (11/86, 12.8%) occurred mainly post‐prophylaxis (median delay: 7 days): haematuria (9/11, 81.8%), and rectal bleeding (2/11, 18.2%) including one major (1.2%). PC was confirmed in 50/86 PB and in two prostatectomy specimens (total n = 50 patients, n = 6 with only active surveillance). Surgery (n = 28/44 patients) was managed with CFC. Fifteen patients had radiotherapy/brachytherapy, 10 had hormone therapy; CFC‐based prophylaxis was only prescribed for brachytherapy (n = 2). Major bleedings occurred in 3/28 (10.7%) and 2/15 (13.3%) patients who underwent surgery and radio/brachytherapy, respectively. No bleeding risk factor was found.ConclusionOur data indicate that PB requires prophylaxis for atleast 7 days, using CFC, desmopressin or TA in function of haemophilia severity. PC surgery should be considered at high bleeding risk. Long‐term post‐procedural CFC or oral TA could be discussed. Radiotherapy/brachytherapy also should be managed with prophylaxis (CFC or TA).
Effectiveness of integrase strand transfer inhibitors in HIV‐infected treatment‐experienced individuals across Europe
Authors: Rossetti Barbara , Fabbiani Massimiliano , Di Carlo Domenico , Incardona Francesca , Abecasis Ana , Gomes Perpetua , Geretti Anna Maria , Seguin‐Devaux Carole , Garcia Federico , Kaiser Rolf , Modica Sara , Shallvari Adrian , Sönnerborg Anders , Zazzi Maurizio ,   EuResist Network, INTEGRATE study group
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the effectiveness and durability of integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)‐based regimens in pre‐treated subjects.MethodsTreatment‐experienced individuals starting an INSTI‐based regimen during 2012–2019 were selected from the INTEGRATE collaborative study. The time to virological failure [VF: one measurement of viral load (VL) ≥ 1000 copies/mL or two ≥ 50 copies/ml or one VL measurement ≥ 50 copies/mL followed by treatment change] and to INSTI discontinuation were evaluated.ResultsOf 13 560 treatments analysed, 4284 were from INSTI‐naïve, non‐viraemic (IN‐NV) individuals, 1465 were from INSTI‐naïve, viraemic (IN‐V) individuals, 6016 were from INSTI‐experienced, non‐viraemic (IE‐NV) individuals and 1795 were from INSTI‐experienced, viraemic (IE‐V) individuals. Major INSTI drug resistance mutations (DRMs) were previously detected in 4/519 (0.8%) IN‐NV, 3/394 (0.8%) IN‐V, 7/1510 (0.5%) IE‐NV and 25/935 (2.7%) IE‐V individuals. The 1‐year estimated probabilities of VF were 3.1% [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.5–3.8] in IN‐NV, 18.4% (95% CI: 15.8–21.2) in IN‐V, 4.2% (95% CI: 3.6–4.9) in IE‐NV and 23.9% (95% CI: 20.9–26.9) in IE‐V subjects. The 1‐year estimated probabilities of INSTI discontinuation were 12.1% (95% CI: 11.1–13.0) in IN‐NV, 19.6% (95% CI: 17.5–21.6) in IN‐V, 10.8% (95% CI: 10.0–11.6) in IE‐NV and 21.7% (95% CI: 19.7–23.5) in IE‐V subjects.ConclusionsBoth VF and INSTI discontinuation occur at substantial rates in viraemic subjects. Detection of DRMs in a proportion of INSTI‐experienced individuals makes INSTI resistance testing mandatory after failure.
An alternative downstream translation start site in the non‐TIR adaptor Scimp enables selective amplification of CpG DNA responses in mouse macrophages
Authors: Curson James EB , Luo Lin , Liu Liping , Burgess Belinda J , Bokil Nilesh J , Wall Adam A , Brdicka Tomas , Kapetanovic Ronan , Stow Jennifer L , Sweet Matthew J 
Published: February 2022

AbstractToll‐like receptor (TLR) signaling relies on Toll/interleukin‐1 receptor homology (TIR) domain‐containing adaptor proteins that recruit downstream signaling molecules to generate tailored immune responses. In addition, the palmitoylated transmembrane adaptor protein family member Scimp acts as a non‐TIR‐containing adaptor protein in macrophages, scaffolding the Src family kinase Lyn to enable TLR phosphorylation and proinflammatory signaling responses. Here we report the existence of a smaller, naturally occurring translational variant of Scimp (Scimp TV1), which is generated through leaky scanning and translation at a downstream methionine. Scimp TV1 also scaffolds Lyn, but in contrast to full‐length Scimp, it is basally rather than lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐inducibly phosphorylated. Macrophages from mice that selectively express Scimp TV1, but not full‐length Scimp, have impaired sustained LPS‐inducible cytokine responses. Furthermore, in granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor‐derived myeloid cells that express high levels of Scimp, selective overexpression of Scimp TV1 enhances CpG DNA‐inducible cytokine production. Unlike full‐length Scimp that localizes to the cell surface and filopodia, Scimp TV1 accumulates in intracellular compartments, particularly the Golgi. Moreover, this variant of Scimp is not inducibly phosphorylated in response to CpG DNA, suggesting that it may act via an indirect mechanism to enhance TLR9 responses. Our findings thus reveal the use of alternative translation start sites as a previously unrecognized mechanism for diversifying TLR responses in the innate immune system.
Temporal transcriptomes unravel the effects of heat stress on seed germination during wheat grain filling
Authors: He Yu , Huang Wen , Pu Zhien , Li Maolian , Cheng Mengping , Liu Yujiao , Dong Huixue , Qi Pengfei , Guo Xiaojiang , Jiang Qiantao , Wei Yuming , Wang Jirui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPromoting seed germination after short episodes of heat stress during the wheat grain filling stage is a serious problem that results in pre‐harvest sprouting. The plant hormones abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellins (GAs), and ethylene (ETH) are well known to be involved in germination control. However, the genes associated with the metabolism and responsiveness of these hormones to heat stress during wheat grain filling are not well understood. Transcriptomic analysis was carried out to explore the mechanisms controlling seed germination under five days (15–20 days after flowering, DAF) of heat stress (20, 24, 28, and 32°C) in wheat grains at 15–30 DAF using comparative RNA sequencing. A dataset of 2073 differentially regulated genes was used to help elucidate the molecular mechanisms that respond to heat stress and affect seed germination in wheat. Some genes related to ABA, GA, and ETH biosynthesis, transport, and signaling had significantly different expression levels under heat stress. Among these genes, the transcriptional alterations of plant hormone‐related genes, such as NCED9, AAO3, CYP707A2, GA20ox, and SAM1 uncovered here, provide a foundation for identifying key players involved in determining seed dormancy and germination. The expression levels of many germination‐related genes did not linearly increase with increasing temperature. In this study, 28°C is a threshold of temperature tolerance during the grain filling stage. Heat stress, especially extremely high temperature (>28°C), represses ABA‐related gene expression and promotes seed germination.