bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of coexistence of stunting, wasting, and underweight among children under five years in the Gambia; evidence from 2019/20 Gambian demographic health survey: Application of multivariate binary logistic regression model
Authors: Asmare Abebew Aklog , Agmas Yitateku Adugna 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Malnutrition is a scarcity or inappropriate consumption of energy and nutrients. It comprises both undernutrition and overnutrition. The present study is aimed to evaluate the relationship between undernutrition indicators of stunting, underweight, and wasting among those under five years given other predictors.
Method
The data was obtained from the measure of DHS program. A total of 2,399 in 2019/20 under-five children were involved in this study. A multivariate binary logistic regression model is used to assess the association between stunting, wasting, and being underweight given the effect of other predictors.
Result
Of 2,399 children under-five years considered in this study 13.5, 18.7 and 5.9% of them suffered from stunting, underweight, and wasting respectively. The majority of children (40.1%) were obtained from the Brikama local government area of Gambia, more than half of the children (52.9%) were male, and 63.3% of children were live in urban areas. The association between stunting and underweight, underweight and wasting, and stunting and wasting was measured by odds ratio (OR) 15.87, 46.34, and 0.31 respectively given the other predictors. The estimated odds ratio for children who have an average birth size to become stunted, underweight, and wasted were 0.965, 0.885, and 0.989 times the estimated odds ratio of children who have a small birth size respectively.
Conclusion
The prevalence of stunting and wasting for under-five children in Gambia was lower than the world prevalence. Birth size of children was the important determinant of stunting, underweight, and wasting for children under-five years. Whereas, the birth type of children, anemia level of children, and age of children were significantly correlated with stunting and underweight. But body mass index of a mother is the only predictor significantly correlated with stunting.
Optimal control of a quantum sensor: A fast algorithm based on an analytic solution
Authors: Scardicchio Antonello , Hernandez-Gomez Santiago , Balducci Federico , Fasiolo Giovanni , Cappellaro Paola , Fabbri Nicole 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Quantum sensors can show unprecedented sensitivities, provided they are controlled in a very specific, optimal way. Here, we consider a spin sensor of time-varying fields in the presence of dephasing noise, and we show that the problem of finding the optimal pulsed control field can be mapped to the determination of the ground state of a spin chain. We find an approximate but analytic solution of this problem, which provides a \emph{lower bound} for the sensor sensitivity, and a pulsed control very close to optimal, which we further use as initial guess for realizing a fast simulated annealing algorithm. We experimentally demonstrate the sensitivity improvement for a spin-qubit magnetometer based on a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond.
Influence of the Use of Remineralizing Agents on the Tensile Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets
Authors: Domantaitė Milda , Trakinienė Giedrė 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the use of remineralizing agents on the tensile bond strength. The study sample consisted of 80 recently extracted molars, which were randomly divided into two groups (n = 40): the first group (FG), which used fluoride varnish, and the second group (RG), which used Recaldent tooth mousse. The buccal surface of each tooth was divided into experimental and control. Brackets were bonded to both surfaces and were submitted to a tension test according to the study protocol. Tensile bond strength (TBS) and the amount of adhesive remnant (ARI) were assessed. A statistically significantly lower mean of TBS compared to the control group was found only in the FG1 group (p <0.001), and no significant difference was found between the other groups. The FG1 group showed a significantly higher amount of adhesive residue on the bracket (p <0.001) compared to the control group. No significant difference was found between the other groups. In conclusion, bonding brackets immediately after applying fluoride varnish reduces the TBS but reaches the optimal value after 30 days of waiting. The use of Recaldent before orthodontic treatment has no adverse effect.
Steroid treatment as anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agent following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Obling Laust , Beske Rasmus , Wiberg Sebastian , Folke Fredrik , Kjaergaard Jesper , Hassager Christian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Patients resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) have a high morbidity and mortality risk and often develop post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) involving systemic inflammation. The severity of the inflammatory response is associated with adverse outcome, with anoxic irreversible brain injury as the leading cause of death following resuscitated OHCA. The study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effect of prehospital administration of a high-dose glucocorticoid following OHCA.
Methods
The study is an investigator-initiated, randomized, multicenter, single-blinded, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Inclusion will continue until one hundred twenty unconscious OHCA patients surviving a minimum of 72 hours are randomized. Intervention is a 1:1 randomization to an infusion of methylprednisolone 250 mg following a minimum of five minutes of sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in the pre-hospital setting. Methylprednisolone will be given as a bolus infusion of 1 x 250 mg (1 x 4 mL) over a period of 5 minutes. Patients allocated to placebo will receive 4 mL of isotonic saline (NaCl 0.9%). Main eligibility criteria are OHCA of presumed cardiac cause, age ≥ 18 years, Glasgow Coma Scale ≤ 8, and sustained ROSC for at least five minutes. Co-primary endpoint: Reduction of interleukin-6 and neuron-specific-enolase. Secondary endpoints: Markers of inflammation, brain, cardiac, kidney and liver damage, hemodynamic and hemostatic function, safety, neurological function at follow-up and mortality. A research biobank is set up with blood samples taken daily during the first 72 hours from hospitalization to evaluate primary and secondary endpoints.
Discussion:
We hypothesize that early anti-inflammatory steroid treatment in the prehospital setting can mitigate the progression of PCAS following resuscitated OHCA. Primary endpoints will be assessed through analyses of biomarkers for inflammation and neurological damage taken during the first 72 hours of admission.
Trial registration:
EudraCT number: 2020-000855-11; submitted March 30, 2020 (https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2020-000855-11/DK/)
Supplementation of trisodium citrate improves recovery rate of subclinical mastitis in crossbred cows
Authors: Sahu Chinmayee , Manimaran Ayyasamy , Kumaresan Arumugam , Rajendran Duraisamy , Ezhuthupurakkal Preedia Babu , Sharma Deepak , Dey Debpriyo Kumar , Sivaram Muniandy 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Mastitis is the top most reason for antibiotic usage, which is an important public health concern due to antimicrobial resistance development in pathogen. Citrate is an important precursor for milk synthesis and regulation of homeostasis between Ca2+ and H+ ions and thereby milk fluidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of trisodium citrate (TSC) on recovery of subclinical mastitis (SCM) in HF crossbred cows. Apparently healthy lactating cow’s milk samples were screened by somatic cell count (SCC) and California mastitis tests (CMT) methods for three consecutive days. Animals were diagnosed as SCM affected (n = 16) or healthy (n = 6) using milk SCC cutoff value of 200×103 cells/ml (i.e., ≥ 200 ×103 cells/ml as SCM and ≤ 200 ×103 cells/ml as healthy) and classified into three groups based on parity, stage of lactation and milk yield during pre-treatment period. SCM affected cows (n = 8) supplemented with TSC (30 mg/kg B.wt./day for 28 days) and effect of supplementation was evaluated through milk SCC, CMT score, milk yield, milk composition, milk citrate level and bacteriological cure rate in comparison with non-supplemented SCM affected cows (n = 6) and apparently healthy cows (n = 8). Data were analyzed by using mixed model and McNemar's test. Supplementations of TSC cause no significant changes in milk yield and its composition. Supplementation cause significant (P < 0.001) reduction of milk SCC and CMT score with more bacteriological cure rate. It is concluded that supplementation of TSC favored for more bacteriological cure rate in SCM affected cows.
Preparation and Application of Forest Carbon Sink Balance Sheet in China
Authors: Xiong Huanhuan , Liu Xin , Liu Yaobin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
China has placed the preparation of the natural resource balance sheet in a prominent position in the construction of the ecological civilization system. As the main body of terrestrial ecosystems, forests are the largest carbon pools in the ecosystems. The preparation of the forest carbon sink resource balance sheet is of great practical significance to promote the outgoing audit of natural resources assets of leading cadres, achieve global sustainable development, and promote the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind. Existing research has some deficiencies in guiding the preparation of forest carbon sink resource balance sheets, such as inconsistent reporting systems, and disputes over the definition and accounting of liabilities. Based on the different views of scholars on natural resource accounting elements and the structure and method of natural resource balance sheet preparation, this paper clarifies the relevant concepts, preparation principles, preparation methods of forest carbon sink resource balance sheets, improves the accounting content of the report system, and illuminates the calculation methods of physical quantity and value quantity of forest carbon sink resource assets and liabilities, and tentatively prepares a sample forest carbon sink balance sheet. According to the data of the Eighth and Ninth National Forest Resources Inventory in China, the method of preparing forest carbon sink balance sheet is applied effectively. The research results can provide reference for the preparation of forest carbon sink balance sheets by provinces and cities in China and even other countries and regions.
The intergenerational reinforcement of Spanish in Galicia: The 'passive bilingualism' model of Family Language Policy
Authors: Ferreira Virginia Acuña , Álvarez Ana María Iglesias 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This article addresses family language policies (FLP) in Galicia (Spain) with a focus on parents who have Spanish as their habitual language, as it was their own parents’. The analysis draws on semi-structured interviews with three informants with this profile living with their partners and children in urban or semi-urban settings where Spanish is the dominant language. The results indicate a ‘passive bilingualism’ model of FLP that reinforces the position of Spanish as a familiar and main language, because children’s learning of Galician is positively valued, but exclusively attributed to school. Although the parents declare to use Galician outside home as linguistic accommodation, they claim a Spanish-speaker identity and draw on the educational system to justify a total exclusion of Galician from family life. At the same time, they recognise that the school itself does not allow the development of a level of competence and use comparable to that of Spanish. The assumption of this imbalance is revealed as rooted in ideologies about languages, because Galician has little or no economic or even symbolic value for these families and is still associated with the rural world, the elderly, or people without education, reproducing a persistent diglossic culture in Galician society. Overall, the discourse of these parents is interpreted as a mirror of the laissez-faire attitude that has characterized macro language policies in Galicia, as well as a reflection of its failings in resolving the problems that allow the advance of language shift against the autochotonous language.
Artificial Intelligence to predict mortality in COVID-19 hemodialysis patients relying on demographics and clinical data
Authors: Jordan Roger Freitas Ramirez , Pereira Miguel Augusto Martins , de Araújo Augusto Righetti Vieira Ferreira , Sesso Ricardo , Lugon Jocemir Ronaldo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Hemodialysis patients represent a major proportion of the chronically ill population worldwide with an increased risk for severe forms of COVID-19. Methods: In this multicentre retrospective cohort study, we used the Brazilian Society of Nephrology's database. The study covered two steps: a training-test subset and a temporal validation subset. To predict mortality in COVID-19 hemodialysis patients, were evaluated: Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine, and TabNet algorithms. Performance was compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Results: The overall mortality was 21.46%. The prediction models performed with an AUROC of at least 0.69. In the model containing the six most important variables according to the mRMR algorithm to predict 90-days mortality, the RF model showed an AUROC of 0.80, a sensitivity of 0.62, and a specificity of 0.79. Conclusion: A temporal large-scale validation demostrated a good performance in predicting mortality and potential for identifying patients at risk of death.
Differential physiological responses and tolerance to potentially toxic elements in Primula forbesii Franch.
Authors: Jia Yin , Yin Xiancai , Zhao Jian , Pan Yuanzhi , Jiang Beibei , Liu Qinglin , Li Yifeng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Soil pollution caused by the accumulation of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) has become a serious problem due to industrial and urban pollution as well as pesticide use. Primula forbesii Franch. is a biennial flower native to China with excellent stress resistance and ornamental value. In this study, we examined the phenotypic traits, growth indexes, and physiological properties of P. forbesii in response to five representative PTEs (Cd, Ni, Cr, Cu, and Zn) under hydroponic culture conditions. High concentrations of Zn and Cr had little effect on the growth and physiological properties of P. forbesii, indicating that the species has strong tolerance to Zn and Cr stress. Alternatively, high concentrations of Cd, Ni, and Cu seriously affected plant growth and development, resulting in leaf chlorosis and even death, and therefore may have a serious negative impact on the growth of P. forbesii. However, activity levels of some antioxidant enzymes and osmotic regulatory substances remained high, indicating that P. forbesii resisted heavy metal stress by regulating physiological and biochemical metabolism to a certain extent. Furthermore, principal component analysis and membership function were used to comprehensively evaluate P. forbesii resistance to PTEs. These analyses revealed that P. forbesii exhibits distinct sensitivities and physiological responses to different PTEs and suggested that the resistance to five PTEs in decreasing order is Zn > Cr > Cd > Cu > Ni. These results provide a theoretical basis for the future application of P. forbesii in environments with heavy metal pollution and may expand its practical utilization.
Validation of subjective manual palpation using objective physiological recordings of the cranial rhythmic impulse during osteopathic manipulative intervention
Authors: Pelz Holger , Müller Gero , Keller Micha , Mathiak Klaus , Mayer Johannes , Borik Stefan , Perlitz Volker 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
ObjectiveReticular brain activity described by intermediate (IM) band physiology exhibits parallels to controversial concepts of cranial osteopathy (CO), the primary respiratory mechanism or cranial rhythmic impulse (CRI). Interestingly, evidence for PRM/CRI activity has been reported using manual palpation, yet with questionable validity. Validation is tested combining manual palpation, instrumented tracking, and algorithmic objectivation of frequencies and phases.MethodsUsing a standard CO intervention, Vault Hold (VH), two CO experts palpated and digitally marked CRI frequencies in 25 healthy adults. IM band autonomic nervous system activity was examined as momentary frequency of highest amplitude (MFHA) in examiner and participant forehead photoplethysmography (PPG). Palpation errors and frequency expectation bias during VH were examined using MFHA and CRI phases.FindingsPalpated CRI frequencies matched those reported in the literature. Mean MFHA and CRI frequencies were highly correlated and showed constant low deviating 1:1 coupling in 77% of participants (responders), and high deviating 1:2 coupling in 23% of participants (non-responders). Both groups showed harmonic waves in (very) low and IM bands in >98% of palpated intervals. Phase analyses suggested synchronization between MFHA and CRI in responders but not in non-responders confirming that examiners palpated CRI activity in participants.ConclusionsDecreases in forehead PPG of responders from IM activity (~0.14 Hz) to LF activity (0.072 Hz) suggest successful palpation may be explained by IM and LF activity, whereas CRI in non-responders was not associated with PPG activity.
“Chiropractic pediatric patient management and interdisciplinary collaboration: a descriptive cross-sectional study of Quebec chiropractors”.
Authors: Doucet Chantale , Dubuc Elisa , Imbeau Camille , Pohlman Katerine , Blanchette Marc-André 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Worldwide, many patients are seeking chiropractic care, including minors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the practice characteristics of chiropractors who treat pediatric patients in Quebec, Canada.Methods: We conducted a web-based cross-sectional survey of all licensed chiropractors within Quebec (Canada). Data were collected using an adapted questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were produced for all the collected variables.Results. Among our 245 participants (response rate: 21%), 63% were women, and half defined themselves as generalists. Nearly all participants reported seeing 0–5 new pediatric patients/week, and the most common pediatric age group was 6–12 years old (57%). Pediatric patients were most commonly referred by family members and “word of mouth”. The respondents most frequently indicated that they strongly agree with statements affirming their confidence in their own diagnostic capacities for musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders in all age groups and for non-MSK disorders of young teens. They reported a neutral agreement toward similar statements for the diagnosis of non-MSK disorders in newborns, preschoolers, and children. Chiropractors rarely referred their pediatric patients to a nurse/a family doctor or to a pediatrician. When presented with potential pediatric red flags, the respondent commonly indicated that they would refer the patient to a physician and an emergency or for co-management. Conclusion. Quebec’s chiropractors are confident in their diagnoses of pediatric MSK conditions and will refer to a physician in the rare event of a worrisome presentation. However, some have unrealistic expectations regarding the diagnosis and management of non-MSK complaints.
Appraisal of stormwater runoff quality influenced by site-specific land uses patterns
Authors: Pal Sudip Kumar , Masum Mehedi Hassan , Salauddin Md. , Hossen Md. Arif , Ruva Israt Jahan , Akhie Afsana Alam 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Urban stormwater runoff is believed as a primary nonpoint source that contributes to pollution to all water resources in the surrounding environment. Pollutant concentrations of urban stormwater runoffs are directly or indirectly linked with land use types in a catchment that is quite different in different places and hence, site-specific studies are necessary. This paper portrays the influence of land use types on stormwater runoff quality in Chattogram city where demarcation of land uses is often complicated. The stormwater runoff samples were collected from four different land use types: residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial, in the city of Chattogram, Bangladesh, during the period from July to September 2020. In addition to basic statistics, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to identify the influence of urban surface characteristics on the quality of stormwater runoff. Pollutant concentrations were identified by analyzing key water quality physical and chemical parameters including color, temperature, turbidity, TSS, TDS, electrical conductivity, salinity, pH, DO, BOD5, COD, and NH3-N. Results of this study demonstrate a strong correlation between land use types and stormwater runoff quality. When comparing the measured values of water quality parameters with respect to land use types, it was observed that residential land use sites overall provide the higher concentration of pollutants tested within this study. Results also demonstrate that measured characteristics of stormwater runoff of this study are comparable with data reported in similar land use types worldwide. The outcomes of this study would be particularly helpful in calibrating water quality models considering different land use types. Additionally, datasets and information obtained from this research will assist engineers and practitioners in developing decision-making tools for effective stormwater management.
Incentivizing Alternatives to Agricultural Waste burning in Northern India: Trust, Awareness, and Access as Barriers to Adoption
Authors: Bhatt Rudri , Giang Amanda , Kandlikar Milind 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The burning of agricultural residue from previous season’s rice crop is a key contributor to poor air quality during the winter across North India, primarily in the states of Punjab and Haryana. Air quality can deteriorate to catastrophic levels during the Agricultural Waste Burning (AWB) season in October-November, when fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations can exceed WHO daily maxima over a sustained period by an order of magnitude or more, over a large swathe of the Indo-Gangetic plain. Over the past decade, attempts by Indian governments to change farmer behavior by incentivizing the use of novel technologies for managing rice residue without burning it have been met with little success. This paper uses farmer and expert interviews, as well as secondary data, to examine the barriers to adoption of these technologies in the state of Punjab. We analyze how operational factors (such as farm size, timing, technology availability, and choice) affect a farmers’ decision to choose (or not) a rice residue management practice. We develop a financial model for analyzing the costs of residue management technologies that are consistent with the decision-making process of both small and large farmers. We find that more sustainable residue management practices can be cost effective relative to residue burn, especially when existing subsidies are applied. However, difficulties in accessing technological alternatives to AWB and subsidies for their use, and a lack of trust in the government’s ability to deliver the full benefits of subsidies, all contribute the low adoption of technological alternatives to AWB.