bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical effect of laparoscopic partial splenectomy for both benign tumours and trauma‐10 years of experience at a single institution
Authors: Lu Yunjie , Li Yucheng , Yang Yong , Shi Longqing , Ding Wei , Cai Huihua , Duan Yunfei , Chen Xuemin , Zhang Yue , Nong Kate 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis retrospective study aimed to present our surgical experience in patients with benign tumour or trauma in spleen who underwent laparoscopic partial splenectomy (LPS) and to compare the results with those of patients who underwent an open partial splenectomy (OPS).MethodsWe analysed the medical data of patients who underwent LPS or OPS between January 2010 and January 2020.ResultsIn total, 41 patients were enrolled. Nine patients underwent open surgery, 32 patients underwent laparoscopic surgery. The proportion of patients with tumours in the upper pole in LPS group was more than patients in OPS group. No difference was observed in estimated blood loss, allogeneic transfusion, postoperative stay, pathology and complications between LPS and OPS groups. The operation time in the LPS group (137.5 ± 30.8 min) was longer than that in the OPS group (88.3 ± 30.1 min) for patients with splenic traumatic rupture (P = 0.019).ConclusionsLPS is an effective and safe spleen‐preserving surgery as OPS. The advantages are small trauma, light pain and quick recovery. It is suitable for patients with benign tumours or trauma confined to one side of the spleen.
Reproducing the Plot: Making Life in the Shadow of Premature Death
Authors: Goffe Rachel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA protracted process of policy development has been underway in Jamaica to curtail the widespread incidence of informal settlements. Against the logic of emerging policy, this article aims to reconnect present‐time unauthorised use of space to ancestral refusals of plantation land monopoly. Through ethnographic research and a reconsideration of historical texts, the article situates insecure tenure in a long history of conflict over land and livelihood—conflict that produces a boundary around the authorised use of space. That boundary is porous and mobile, the outcome of a palimpsest of colonial violence and its negation. This argument interrogates the gap between “landless” and “ownershipless”, revealing both the role of incomplete dispossession in racialised social reproduction and the spatial practices through which Jamaicans “make life” even in the shadow of premature death.
Discovery of novel inhibitors of CDK2 using docking and physics‐based binding free energy calculation
Authors: Zheng Lei , Yang Yunpeng , Bao Jingxiao , He Liping , Qi Yifei , Zhang John Z. H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) is a serine/threonine protein kinase family that cooperates with cyclin and plays an important role in the regulation of cell cycle. Cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 is an important member of the CDK family and holds great promise as an anti‐cancer drug target. In this study, we used molecular docking and physics‐based binding free energy calculation method AS‐IE that explicitly calculated protein‐ligand binding entropy to discover novel inhibitors of CDK2. A total of 17 inhibitors were discovered with the best IC50 reaching ~2 μM. Decomposition of the binding free energy using AS‐IE reveals key protein‐ligand interactions that determines the activity. These results provided a good example of drug design using physics‐based free energy calculation method such as AS‐IE and the novel compounds offered a good start point for further development of CDK2 inhibitors.
A music‐themed early critical media literacy practice with young bilingual learners: A multiple case study
Authors: Kim So Jung , Park Soyeon , Li Iva S. , Tillman Daniel A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAdopting a multiple case‐study approach, the current article explores how a music‐based, early critical media literacy practice can help young Korean bilingual children critically engage with the lyrics of the songs and visual images in the music videos––short animated films that provided audio, corresponding lyrics and visual images simultaneously. As part of a large‐scale research project, this study focuses on data collected over a 4‐month period through multiple sources. The findings revealed that dual language conversations about gender roles through music videos served as powerful mediums to help children deepen their thoughts about gender representations in the songs and articulate their voices.
Recent highlights in periopeative neurological disorders, from bench to bedside
Authors: Guo Yunlu , Li Peiying 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPerioperative neurological disorders are important causes of postoperative disability and even perioperative death, bringing a huge challenge to the vulnerable and increasing aging population. Perioperative neurological disorders usually contain ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and neurocognitive disorders during the perioperative period. Although a few prevention and treatment strategies have been developed for each disorder, there is still a lack of effective treatments and the underlying mechanisms are far from well‐understood. This special issue is dedicated to introducing the recent advances in new strategies towards the management of perioperative neurological disorders. The issue collects research articles and reviews focusing on the neuroprotection mechanisms and application of novel technologies in perioperative neurological disorders, including machine learning and nano‐delivery system. These works help to shed lights on developing novel therapeutic targets of perioperative neurological disorders in the pursuit of better recovery and prognosis of the surgical patients.
Predicting citation impact from altmetric attention in clinical and translational research: Do big splashes lead to ripple effects?
Authors: Llewellyn Nicole M. , Nehl Eric J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPublications are commonly used to evaluate the productivity and impact of research programs. Traditional metrics examine publication impact through slowly accumulating academic citations. “Altmetrics” are a new way to describe early publication influence in nonacademic media/community spheres (news, tweets, and blogs). Articles with significant altmetric attention make a big splash of immediate impact, whereas papers with high rates of academic citation reflect ripple effects of influence over time. Past research has found weak associations between altmetrics and academic citations. However, no previous research has focused on clinical/translational research, which aims to translate scientific discoveries to public use. Further, no previous research has assessed the relationship between altmetrics and modern citation impact factors like the National Institutes of Health (NIH)’s Relative Citation Ratio (RCR). It is also unclear whether publication in journals with higher journal impact factors (JIFs) may drive both public attention and academic impact. We investigated whether early altmetric indicators of splash predict citation ripples, beyond the effect of the JIF. For a portfolio of 2188 publications supported by the NIH’s Georgia Clinical and Translational Science Alliance from 2007–2020, we collected 2020 Altmetric Attention Scores (AAS), 2020 JIFs, and 2021 RCRs. All three were significantly correlated with one another. Regression analyses revealed that AAS significantly predicts later RCR, controlling for JIF and publication year. Findings indicate that in clinical/translational science, articles that make a big splash of altmetric attention have ripple effects through increased citation influence, which is not entirely due to publication in higher impact journals. Altmetric attention may be a useful early indicator of eventual influence and potential for translational advancement.
Use of PRAME immunostaining to distinguish early melanoma in situ from benign pigmented conditions
Authors: Olds Hailey , Utz Sarah , Abrams Judith , Terrano David , Mehregan Darius 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPRAME (PReferentially expressed Antigen in MElanoma) is an antigen that shows marked overexpression in melanoma compared to normal skin melanocytes. PRAME immunohistochemistry has proven effective in distinguishing melanocytic nevi from melanoma, but it is unclear if it may be used to distinguish melanoma in situ from other benign pigmented lesions. In particular, differentiating from melanocytic hyperplasia in sun‐damaged skin is sometimes clinically and histopathologically challenging. We hypothesized that PRAME staining of solar lentigo, sun‐damaged skin, and melanoma in situ would aid in setting a threshold of positivity that could be useful in evaluating such conditions.MethodsWe collected and stained typical examples of solar lentigo, melanoma in situ, and non‐lesional sun‐damaged skin by PRAME immunohistochemistry to assess a potential cutoff of PRAME positivity.ResultsSolar lentigo and non‐lesional sun‐damaged skin had 10 or fewer PRAME‐positive cells per millimeter (mean 1.2), on the other hand melanoma in situ had at least 16 (mean 75.1).ConclusionsPRAME immunostaining appears sensitive and specific in the current series. This could be clinically useful for distinguishing melanoma in situ from benign melanocytic hyperplasia in sun‐damaged skin. However, further studies are required to determine if 10 cells per millimeter is an acceptable threshold of positivity.
Fine needle aspiration cytology of metastatic carcinomas with papillary architecture: A systemic assessment of clinical, cytological and immunohistochemical parameters
Authors: Li Joshua J. X. , Ng Joanna K. M. , Aphivatanasiri Chaiwat , Chan Ronald C. K. , Poon Ivan K. , Tsang Julia Y. , Tse Gary M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPapillary structures are frequently encountered in metastatic carcinomas from various organs and tumours of different histotypes. This study aims to investigate the predictive value of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and the clinical parameters which can be examined in the assessment of the primary sites of metastatic carcinomas with papillary architecture.MethodsFNAC samples of metastatic carcinomas with papillary architecture were evaluated for overall cellularity, epithelial cohesion, background features, papillary architecture, cytology and IHC. The corresponding clinical information was also reviewed.ResultsA total of 130 cases were included. The most common primary sites were thyroid (38.5%), lung (30.8%) and gynecological organs (22.3%); the others were pancreaticobiliary, urothelial, colorectal, and esophageal. Age (P = 0.039), biopsy site (P < 0.001) and laterality (P = 0.006) correlated with primary site. Papillary structures were confirmed on biopsy/excision of most cases (n = 85/87, 97.7%). Thyroid primaries exhibited broad papillary stalks, thin lining epithelium, fewer epithelial polymorphs, and the presence of background giant cells and histiocytes (P = 0.021‐ < 0.001). Low‐grade cytological features, nuclear grooves and inclusions (P < 0.001) were seen in thyroid primaries. High‐grade features (P < 0.001‐0.49), multinucleated tumour cells, apoptotic bodies and mitoses (P < 0.001‐0.49) were more common in lung/gynecological primaries. Multivariate analysis identified nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, chromatin character, the presence of nuclear grooves and mitosis as independent features (P = 0.001‐0.024). TTF1/TGB/PAX8 panel results showed good agreement with the cytological assessment and site of primary.ConclusionPapillary structures and cytological features are reproducible in FNAC assessment of metastases and their corresponding primary sites. Cytological features, IHC and clinical information are invaluable in determining the primary site.
Historical evidence for larger government spending multipliers in uncertain times than in slumps
Authors: Goemans Pascal 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe investigate whether US government spending multipliers are higher during periods of heightened uncertainty or economic slumps as opposed to normal times. Using quarterly data from 1890 onward and local projections, we estimate a cumulative 1‐year multiplier of 2 during uncertain periods. In contrast, the multiplier is about 1 in times of high unemployment and about 0.4–0.8 during normal times. While we find positive employment effects in slumps as well as in uncertain times, two transmission channels can explain the higher multipliers in the latter: greater price flexibility leading to short‐term inflation (lowering the real interest rate) and diminishing risk premiums.
Effect of different double‐stranded RNA feeding solutions on the RNA interference of V‐ATPase‐B in Frankliniella occidentalis
Authors: Zhang Tao , Zhi Jun‐Rui , Li Ding‐Yin , Liu Li , Zeng Guang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWestern flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), has posed a serious threat to horticultural and agricultural crop production by feeding, ovipositing, and transmitting plant viruses. RNA interference (RNAi) technology is considered a potential strategy for insect pest control. A main method of RNAi research on WFT is the feeding method for delivering double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA). The feeding solution plays an important role in the stable delivery of dsRNA. In this study, we screened for a feeding solution suitable for RNAi experiments and investigated the effects of five feeding solutions on the survival of WFT adults and nymphs. The effect of mixed V‐ATPase‐B dsRNA in various feeding solutions on the RNAi efficiency of WFT was analysed. The Luria–Bertani‐based and ‘tryptone soy broth and yeast’ (TSBY) solution had a higher adverse effect than the other feeding solutions on the survival of adults and nymphs of WFT, whereas sucrose, pollen, and honey solution could maintain higher survival rates in both nymph and adult thrips. Sucrose solution and TSBY solution mixed with dsRNA had no significant knockdown effects on V‐ATPase‐B transcription level. Honey and pollen solution mixed dsRNA, however, not only significantly decreased V‐ATPase‐B transcription level, but also reduced the survival rate and fertility of female adults to a certain extent. The stability of dsRNA was improved in honey solution. The results of this study provide a feasible reference for the selection of feeding solutions for RNAi experiments for feeding of WTF with dsRNA.
Confidence‐level of foundation dentists in the North West of England in the placement of preformed metal crowns using the Hall technique
Authors: Reynolds Laura , Sohal Gursahib , Barry Siobhan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe Hall technique is a biological caries management approach commonly used within the field of paediatric dentistry. The technique involves the placement of a preformed metal crown (PMC) without local anaesthetic, caries removal or tooth preparation. Despite being widely taught across dental schools in the United Kingdom, evidence from the literature suggests that PMCs are seldom used in general dental practice, even by newly qualified dentists.This study aimed to evaluate the experience and self‐reported confidence of Foundation Dentists (FDs) in the North West of England in the placement of preformed metal crowns using the Hall technique.Materials and MethodsAn anonymous questionnaire was distributed to 117 Foundation Dentists in the North West of England.ResultsForty‐six questionnaires were returned, giving a response rate of 39%. The results revealed that 80.4% of FDs felt “somewhat,” “quite” or “extremely” confident with the Hall technique at the point of graduation. This increased to 85.3% upon completion of Dental Foundation Training.ConclusionFoundation Dentists' self‐reported confidence in the Hall technique was reasonably high both at the point of qualification and upon completing Dental Foundation Training. Nevertheless, many of the Foundation Dentists felt that they would benefit from further postgraduate training on the technique.
Balancing food acquisition and predation risk drives demographic changes in snowshoe hare population cycles
Authors: Majchrzak Yasmine N. , Peers Michael J. L. , Studd Emily K. , Menzies Allyson K. , Walker Philip D. , Shiratsuru Shotaro , McCaw Laura K. , Boonstra Rudy , Humphries Murray , Jung Thomas S. , Kenney Alice J. , Krebs Charles J. , Murray Dennis L. , Boutin Stan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSnowshoe hare cycles are one of the most prominent phenomena in ecology. Experimental studies point to predation as the dominant driving factor, but previous experiments combining food supplementation and predator removal produced unexplained multiplicative effects on density. We examined the potential interactive effects of food limitation and predation in causing hare cycles using an individual‐based food‐supplementation experiment over‐winter across three cycle phases that naturally varied in predation risk. Supplementation doubled over‐winter survival with the largest effects occurring in the late increase phase. Although the proximate cause of mortality was predation, supplemented hares significantly decreased foraging time and selected for conifer habitat, potentially reducing their predation risk. Supplemented hares also lost less body mass which resulted in the production of larger leverets. Our results establish a mechanistic link between how foraging time, mass loss and predation risk affect survival and reproduction, potentially driving demographic changes associated with hare cycles.
Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation versus low‐dose immunosuppression in secondary–progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Mariottini Alice , Bulgarini Giovanni , Forci Benedetta , Innocenti Chiara , Mealli Fabrizia , Mattei Alessandra , Ceccarelli Chiara , Repice Anna Maria , Barilaro Alessandro , Mechi Claudia , Saccardi Riccardo , Massacesi Luca 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeEffectiveness of autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) is well known, but in secondary–progressive (SP)‐MS it is still controversial. Therefore, AHSCT activity was evaluated in SP‐MS using low‐dose immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide (Cy) as a comparative treatment.MethodsIn this retrospective monocentric 1:2 matched study, SP‐MS patients were treated with intermediate‐intensity AHSCT (cases) or intravenous pulses of Cy (controls) at a single academic centre in Florence. Controls were selected according to baseline characteristics adopting cardinality matching after trimming on the estimated propensity score. Kaplan–Meier and Cox analyses were used to estimate survival free from relapses (R‐FS), survival free from disability progression (P‐FS), and no evidence of disease activity 2 (NEDA‐2).ResultsA total of 93 SP‐MS patients were included: 31 AHSCT, 62 Cy. Mean follow‐up was 99 months in the AHSCT group and 91 months in the Cy group. R‐FS was higher in AHSCT compared to Cy patients: at Year 5, 100% versus 52%, respectively (p < 0.0001). P‐FS did not differ between the groups (at Year 5: 70% in AHSCT and 81% in Cy, p = 0.572), nor did NEDA‐2 (p = 0.379). A sensitivity analysis including only the 31 “best‐matched” controls confirmed these results. Three neoplasms (2 Cy, 1 AHSCT) and two fatalities (2 Cy) occurred.ConclusionsThis study provides Class III evidence, in SP‐MS, on the superior effectiveness of AHSCT compared to Cy on relapse activity, without differences on disability accrual. Although the suppression of relapses was observed in the AHSCT group only, AHSCT did not show advantages over Cy on disability, suggesting that in SP‐MS disability progression becomes based more on noninflammatory neurodegeneration than on inflammation.
Sequential multi‐headed attention for entity‐based relational neural networks
Authors: Moges Dagmawi , Zhao Jiaxu , Qu Hong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe capacity of relational interaction between high‐level information and reason is the defining characteristic of human intelligence. Regardless of the remarkable progress in artificial intelligence, recent machine reading comprehension models still heavily rely on high‐dimensional word‐based distributed representations. Since these models employ statistical means to answer questions of complex textual corpus and employ an accuracy‐based metric system, their learning capacity of the required skills is not guaranteed. To ensure the capacity of MRC models to learn the desired skills, explainability has become an emerging requirement. In this paper, we propose an end‐to‐end natural language reasoning model that is based on sets of high‐level aggregated representations which promote operational explainability. To this end, sequential multi‐head attention, and a loss regularization function is proposed. We show analysis of the proposed approach on two natural language reasoning oriented question and answering datasets (bAbI and NewsQA).
RETRACTED: Model innovation of students' mental health education from the perspective of big data
Authors: Yang Bin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo improve the effect of college students' mental health education, and to meet the needs of mental health education data processing, this article combines big data technology and gene regulation ideas to propose a mental health education data processing algorithm based on big data technology and immunotherapy gene regulation network. Moreover, this article uses improved algorithms to extract features from mental health education network data, controls the problems in mental health education in real‐time, and proposes targeted improvement strategies. In addition, this article combines the improved algorithm to construct a mental health education system based on big data technology and immunotherapy gene regulation network are combined for an improved algorithm to process mental health education data. Finally, this article verifies the effectiveness of the system through experimental research.
Prevalence of prediabetes in children and adolescents by class of obesity
Authors: Pedicelli Stefania , Fintini Danilo , Ravà Lucilla , Inzaghi Elena , Deodati Annalisa , Spreghini Maria Rita , Bizzarri Carla , Mariani Michela , Cianfarani Stefano , Cappa Marco , Manco Melania 
Published: February 2022

SummaryBackgroundTo evaluate prevalence of prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose, IFG; impaired glucose tolerance, IGT; and high glycated haemoglobin, h‐HbA1c) in children and adolescents in relation to class of age and obesity; to appraise association with estimates of insulin metabolism, cardiovascular risk factors and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels.MethodsStudy of marginal prevalence (i.e., as function of sex, age and obesity class) of isolated and combined IFG, IGT and h‐HbA1c in children (age 4–9.9 years) and adolescents (age 10–17.9 years) and association to blood pressure (BP), total, HDL and non‐HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, ALT and insulin sensitivity/secretion indexes.ResultsData of 3110 participants (51% males, 33% children; 33% overweight, 39% obesity class I, 20.5% class II, 7.5% class III) were available. Unadjusted prevalence of prediabetes was 13.9% in children (2.1% IFG, 6.7% IGT, 3.9% h‐HbA1c, IFG‐IGT 0.06%) and 24.6% in adolescents (3.4% IFG, 9.4% IGT, 5.5% h‐HbA1c, IFG‐IGT 0.09%). Combined h‐HBA1c was found in very few adolescents. Prevalence of prediabetes increased significantly by class of obesity up to 20.5% in children and 31.6% in adolescents. Phenotypes of prediabetes were differently but significantly associated with increased systolic and diastolic BP (by 2–7.3 and ~8 mmHg, respectively), triglycerides (by 23–66 mg/dl), and ALT levels (by 10–22 UI/L) depending on the prediabetes phenotype.Conclusion and RelevanceIt is worth screening prediabetes in children aged <10 years old with obesity classes II and III and in adolescents. In those with prediabetes, monitoring of blood pressure, triglycerides and ALT levels must be encouraged.