bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective dust growth in laminar circumplanetary discs with magnetic wind-driven accretion
Authors: Shibaike Yuhito , Mori Shoji 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
It has been considered that large satellites around gas planets form in situ circumplanetary discs (CPDs). However, dust particles supplied into CPDs drift toward the central planets before they grow into satellitesimals, building blocks of the satellites. We investigate the dust growth in laminar CPDs with magnetic wind-driven accretion. In such laminar discs, dust particles can settle on to the mid-plane and grow large by mutual collision more efficient than in classical turbulent CPDs. First, we carry out 3D local MHD simulations of a CPD including all the non-ideal MHD effects (Ohmic resistivity, Hall effect, and ambipolar diffusion). We investigate if the disc accretion can be governed by magnetic wind-driven accretion and how laminar the disc can be, in a situation where the magnetic disc wind can be launched from the disc. Secondly, we model 1D steady CPDs consistent with the results of the MHD simulations and calculate the steady radial distributions of the dust profiles in the modelled discs, taking account of the collisional growth, radial drift, fragmentation, and vertical stirring by the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability. We show that satellitesimals can form in such CPDs if the dust-to-gas mass ratio of the inflow to the discs is larger than 0.02, which is 50 times smaller than the critical value in turbulent CPDs. This condition can be satisfied when enough amount of dust piles up at the gas pressure bump created by the planets. This result shows that satellitesimals would form in laminar CPDs with magnetic wind-driven accretion.
Observability of signatures of transport-induced chemistry in clear atmospheres of hot gas giant exoplanets
Authors: Zamyatina Maria , Hébrard Eric , Drummond Benjamin , Mayne Nathan J , Manners James , Christie Duncan A , Tremblin Pascal , Sing David K , Kohary Krisztian 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Transport-induced quenching, i.e. the homogenization of chemical abundances by atmospheric advection, is thought to occur in the atmospheres of hot gas giant exoplanets. While some numerical modelling of this process exists, the three-dimensional nature of transport-induced quenching is underexplored. Here, we present results of 3D cloud- and haze-free simulations of the atmospheres of HAT-P-11b, HD 189733b, HD 209458b, and WASP-17b including coupled hydrodynamics, radiative transfer, and chemistry. Our simulations were performed with two chemical schemes: a chemical kinetics scheme, which is capable of capturing transport-induced quenching, and a simpler, more widely used chemical equilibrium scheme. We find that transport-induced quenching is predicted to occur in atmospheres of all planets in our sample; however, the extent to which it affects their synthetic spectra and phase curves varies from planet to planet. This implies that there is a ‘sweet spot’ for the observability of signatures of transport-induced quenching, which is controlled by the interplay between the dynamics and chemistry.
Measurements of anomalous cosmic rays from the WIND spacecraft over 1994–2021
Authors: Fu Shuai , Zhang Xiaoping , Zhao Lingling , Wang Ming , Shang Wensai , Luo Pengwei 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Observations provide direct evidence for a sustained decline in solar activity since the 1980s, with the minimum between solar cycles 24 and 25 (P24/25) reaching its deepest trough in the past hundred years. In response to the reduced solar modulation, low-energy (&lt;GeV) galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) at 1 au attain historical new highs in P24/25, while anomalous cosmic rays (ACRs) show very inconsistent variations with GCRs. To better understand the long-term ACR variations, we revisit the 6.0–13.4 MeV nuc−1 oxygen measurements from the WIND/LEMT instrument over 1994–2021, with particular interests to the recent three solar minima: P22/23 (solar magnetic polarity A &gt; 0), P23/24 (A &lt; 0), and P24/25 (A &gt; 0). We find that the peak ACR intensities in P24/25 are ∼20 per cent lower than those in P22/23 but ∼48 per cent above those in P23/24. Additionally, for a specified heliospheric current sheet (HCS) tilt angle, the GCR intensities in P24/25 are inferred to be significantly higher than those in P22/23 (both are in A &gt; 0 cycles), whereas the ACR intensities in P24/25 are close to those in P22/23. These results indicate that large variability in ACRs exists not only between opposite-polarity cycles, but also between different cycles of the same polarity, and ACRs may be more sensitive to varying HCS compared to GCRs. We speculate that variations in the ACR source intensity may be a key to understanding the ACR–GCR discrepancies. This is the first time for such a long-term study being possible with the same instrument.
Missed opportunities: GRB 211211A and the case for continual gravitational-wave coverage with a single observatory
Authors: Sarin Nikhil , Lasky Paul D , Nathan Rowina S 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Gamma-ray burst GRB 211211A may have been the result of a neutron star merger at ≈350 Mpc. However, none of the LIGO–Virgo detectors were operating at the time. We show that the gravitational-wave signal from a GRB 211211A-like binary neutron star inspiral in the next LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA observing run (O4) would be below the conventional detection threshold, however a coincident gamma-ray burst observation would provide necessary information to claim a statistically significant multimessenger observation. We calculate that with O4 sensitivity, approximately $11{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of gamma-ray bursts within 600 Mpc will produce a confident association between the gravitational-wave binary neutron star inspiral signature and the prompt gamma-ray signature. This corresponds to a coincident detection rate of $0.22^{+8.3}_{-0.22}\,\mathrm{yr^{-1}}$, where the uncertainties are the 90 per cent confidence intervals arising from uncertainties in the absolute merger rate, beaming and jet-launching fractions. These increase to approximately $34{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ and $0.71^{+26.8}_{-0.70}\,\mathrm{yr^{-1}}$ with proposed O5 sensitivity. We show that the above numbers do not depend significantly on the number of gravitational-wave observatories operating with the specific sensitivity. That is, the number of confident joint gamma-ray burst and gravitational-wave detections is only marginally improved with two or three detectors operating compared to a single detector. It is therefore worth considering whether one detector with sufficient sensitivity (post O4) should remain in sky-watch mode at all times to elucidate the true nature of GRB 211211A-like events, a proposal we discuss in detail.
Spectral analysis of basaltic asteroids observed by the Gaia space mission
Authors: Oszkiewicz Dagmara , Klimczak Hanna , Carry Benoit , Penttilä Antti , Popescu Marcel , Krüger Joachim , Aron Keniger Marcelo 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
There is a great deal of scientific interest in characterizing the basaltic asteroids (spectrally classified as V-types), as they are the key to understanding planetesimal formation and evolution in the early Solar system. These have long been recognized as parts of the crusts of fully differentiated planetesimals. Thus, their multiplicity, distribution, and physical characteristics are crucial for providing context for and constraining the theoretical evolution models of the Solar system. In this work, we perform spectral analysis with an extended data set of spectral measurements from the ESA Gaia mission Data Release 3, thus increasing the sample size of the analysed V-types by more than three times as compared to the literature. Using the data provided by Gaia, we identified ∼2000 possible V-type asteroids. About 350 of them successfully pass our data validation criteria. This sample includes 31 new V-type asteroids beyond 2.5 au and 6 in the Phocaea region. We confirm that the V-type asteroids in the middle and outer part of the main belt show distinct spectral properties compared to typical vestoids. In the inner main belt, we found a great diversity of spectral parameters among the V-types in all populations. Number of asteroids show band depths even greater than that of (1459) Magnya. Furthermore, some objects present 0.9 μm band-centres more than one standard deviation away from the typical value for vestoids. However since the DR3 band centres are often overestimated, those findings are to be confirmed. Overall our results indicate that the inner main belt may contain remnants of multiple differentiated planetesimals, not just (4) Vesta.
Etherington duality breaking: gravitational lensing in non-metric space–times versus intrinsic alignments
Authors: Giesel Eileen Sophie , Ghosh Basundhara , Schäfer Björn Malte 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
The Etherington distance duality relation is well-established for metric theories of gravity, and confirms the duality between the luminosity distance and the angular diameter distance through the conservation of surface brightness. A violation of the Etherington distance duality due to lensing in a non-metric space–time would lead to fluctuations in surface brightness of galaxies. Likewise, fluctuations of the surface brightness can arise in classical astrophysics as a consequence of intrinsic tidal interaction of galaxies with their environment. Therefore, we study these in two cases in detail: First, for intrinsic size fluctuations and the resulting changes in surface brightness, and secondly, for an area-metric space–time as an example of a non-metric space–time, where the distance duality relation itself acquires modifications. The aim of this work is to quantify whether a surface brightness fluctuation effect due to area-metric gravity would be resolvable compared to the similar effect caused by intrinsic alignment. We thus compare the auto- and cross-correlations of the angular spectra in these two cases and show that the fluctuations in intrinsic brightness can potentially be measured with a cumulative signal-to-noise ratio Σ(ℓ) ≥ 3 in a Euclid-like survey. The measurement in area-metric space–times, however, depends on the specific parameter choices, which also determine the shape and amplitude of the spectra. While lensing surveys do have sensitivity to lensing-induced surface brightness fluctuations in area-metric space–times, the measurement does not seem to be possible for natural values of the Etherington-breaking parameters.
Relativistic distortions in galaxy density–ellipticity correlations: gravitational redshift and peculiar velocity effects
Authors: Saga Shohei , Okumura Teppei , Taruya Atsushi , Inoue Takuya 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
We study relativistic effects, arising from the light propagation in an inhomogeneous universe. We particularly investigate the effects imprinted in a cross-correlation function between galaxy positions and intrinsic galaxy shapes (GI correlation). Considering the Doppler and gravitational redshift effects as major relativistic effects, we present an analytical model of the GI correlation function, from which we find that the relativistic effects induce non-vanishing odd multipole anisotropies. Focusing particularly on the dipole anisotropy, we show that the Doppler effect dominates at large scales, while the gravitational redshift effect originated from the halo potential dominates at the scales below 10–$30\, {\rm Mpc}\, h^{-1}$, with the amplitude of the dipole GI correlation being positive over all the scales. Also, we newly derive the covariance matrix for the modelled GI dipole. Taking into account the full covariance, we estimate the signal-to-noise ratio and show that the GI dipole induced by the relativistic effects is detectable in future large-volume galaxy surveys. We discuss how the measurement of dipole GI correlation could be helpful to detect relativistic effects in combination with the conventional galaxy–galaxy cross-correlation.
Observational signatures of massive black hole progenitor pathways: could Leo I be a smoking gun?
Authors: Regan John A , Pacucci Fabio , Bustamante-Rosell M J 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Observational evidence is mounting regarding the population demographics of massive black holes (MBHs), from the most massive cluster galaxies down to the dwarf galaxy regime. However, the progenitor pathways from which these central MBHs formed remain unclear. Here, we report a potentially powerful observational signature of MBH formation in dwarf galaxies. We argue that a continuum in the mass spectrum of MBHs in (fossil) dwarf galaxies would be a unique signature of a heavy seed formation pathway. The continuum in this case would consist of the usual population of stellar mass black holes, formed through stellar evolution, plus a smaller population of heavy seed MBHs that have not yet sunk to the centre of the galaxy. Under the robust assumption of initial fragmentation of the parent gas cloud resulting in a burst of heavy seed production, a significant fraction of these seeds will survive to the present day as off-nuclear MBHs with masses less than that of the central object. Motivated by the recent discovery of an MBH in the relatively low central density Leo I galaxy, we show that such a continuum in MBH seed masses should persist from the lightest black hole masses up to the mass of the central MBH in contrast to the light seeding scenario where no such continuum should exist. The detection of off-centred MBHs and a central MBH would represent strong evidence of a heavy seeding pathway.
Enhanced binding of an HU homologue under increased DNA supercoiling preserves chromosome organisation and sustains Streptomyces hyphal growth
Authors: Strzałka Agnieszka , Kois-Ostrowska Agnieszka , Kędra Magda , Łebkowski Tomasz , Bieniarz Grażyna , Szafran Marcin J , Jakimowicz Dagmara 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Bacterial chromosome topology is controlled by topoisomerases and nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs). While topoisomerases regulate DNA supercoiling, NAPs introduce bends or coat DNA upon its binding, affecting DNA loop formation. Streptomyces, hyphal, multigenomic bacteria known for producing numerous clinically important compounds, use the highly processive topoisomerase I (TopA) to remove excessive negative DNA supercoils. Elongated vegetative Streptomyces cells contain multiple copies of their linear chromosome, which remain relaxed and relatively evenly distributed. Here, we explored how TopA cooperates with HupA, an HU homologue that is the most abundant Streptomyces NAP. We verified that HupA has an increased affinity for supercoiled DNA in vivo and in vitro. Analysis of mutant strains demonstrated that HupA elimination is detrimental under high DNA supercoiling conditions. The absence of HupA, combined with decreased TopA levels, disrupted chromosome distribution in hyphal cells, eventually inhibiting hyphal growth. We concluded that increased HupA binding to DNA under elevated chromosome supercoiling conditions is critical for the preservation of chromosome organisation.
Liquid biopsy with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification targeting cell-free tumor DNA in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with adult diffuse glioma
Authors: Otsuji Ryosuke , Fujioka Yutaka , Hata Nobuhiro , Kuga Daisuke , Sangatsuda Yuhei , Takigawa Kosuke , Funakoshi Yusuke , Sako Aki , Yamamoto Hidetaka , Nakamizo Akira , Mizoguchi Masahiro , Yoshimoto Koji 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundCopy number alterations (CNAs) are common in diffuse gliomas and have been shown to have diagnostic significance. While liquid biopsy for diffuse glioma has been widely investigated, techniques for detecting CNAs are currently limited to methods such as next-generation sequencing. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) is an established method for copy number analysis in pre-specified loci. In this study, we investigated whether CNAs could be detected by MLPA using patients’ cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).MethodsTwenty-five cases of adult diffuse glioma with CNAs were selected. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) was extracted from the CSF, and DNA sizes and concentrations were recorded. Twelve samples, which had appropriate DNA sizes and concentrations, were subsequently used for analysis.ResultsMLPA could be successfully performed in all 12 cases, and the detected CNAs were concordant with those detected using tumor tissues. Cases with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification, combination of gain of chromosome 7 and loss of chromosome 10, platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha amplification, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 amplification, and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) homozygous deletion were clearly distinguished from those with normal copy numbers. Moreover, EGFR variant III was accurately detected based on CNA.ConclusionsThus, our results demonstrate that copy number analysis can be successfully performed by MLPA of cfDNA extracted from the CSF of patients with diffuse glioma.
SYNTAXIN OF PLANTS81 regulates root meristem activity and stem cell niche maintenance via ROS signaling
Authors: Wang Mingjing , Zhang Hailong , Zhao Xiaonan , Zhou Jingwen , Qin Guochen , Liu Yuqi , Kou Xiaoyue , Zhao Zhenjie , Wu Tao , Zhu Jian-Kang , Feng Xianzhong , Li Lixin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRoot growth and development depend on continuous cell division and differentiation in root tips. In these processes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a critical role as signaling molecules. However, few ROS signaling regulators have been identified. In this study, we found knockdown of a syntaxin gene, SYNTAXIN OF PLANTS81 in Arabidopsis thaliana (AtSYP81) resulted in a severe reduction in root meristem activity and disruption of root stem cell niche (SCN) identity. Subsequently, we found AtSYP81 was highly expressed in roots and localized on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Interestingly, the reduced expression of AtSYP81 conferred a decreased number of peroxisomes in root meristem cells, raising a possibility that AtSYP81 regulates root development through peroxisome-mediated ROS production. Further transcriptome analysis revealed that class III peroxidases, which are responsible for intracellular ROS homeostasis, showed significantly changed expression in the atsyp81 mutants and AtSYP81 overexpression lines, adding evidence of the regulatory role of AtSYP81 in ROS signaling. Accordingly, rescuing the decreased ROS level via applying ROS donors effectively restored the defects in root meristem activity and SCN identity in the atsyp81 mutants. APETALA2 (AP2) transcription factors PLETHORA1 and 2 (PLT1 and PLT2) were then established as the downstream effectors in this pathway, while potential crosstalk between ROS signaling and auxin signaling was also indicated. Taken together, our findings suggest that AtSYP81 regulates root meristem activity and maintains root SCN identity by controlling peroxisome- and peroxidase-mediated ROS homeostasis, thus both broadening and deepening our understanding of the biological roles of SNARE proteins and ROS signaling.
Radiological biomarkers of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: new approaches for detecting concomitant Alzheimer's disease and predicting prognosis
Authors: Cai Hanlin , Zou Yinxi , Gao Hui , Huang Keru , Liu Yu , Cheng Yuting , Liu Yi , Zhou Liangxue , Zhou Dong , Chen Qin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a clinical syndrome characterized by cognitive decline, gait disturbance, and urinary incontinence. As iNPH often occurs in elderly individuals prone to many types of comorbidity, a differential diagnosis with other neurodegenerative diseases is crucial, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD). A growing body of published work provides evidence of radiological methods, including multimodal magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography, which may help noninvasively differentiate iNPH from AD or reveal concurrent AD pathology in vivo. Imaging methods detecting morphological changes, white matter microstructural changes, cerebrospinal fluid circulation, and molecular imaging have been widely applied in iNPH patients. Here, we review radiological biomarkers using different methods in evaluating iNPH pathophysiology and differentiating or detecting concomitant AD, to noninvasively predict the possible outcome postshunt and select candidates for shunt surgery.
Italian subsidised crop insurance: What the role of policy changes
Authors: Santeramo Fabio Gaetano , Russo Ilaria , Lamonaca Emilia 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Risk management in agriculture is crucial and policymakers are implementing policy reforms to foster farmers’ adoption of ex-ante risk management tools such as crop insurance: Their effectiveness is the core of policy evaluation exercises. The Italian subsidised crop insurance market has been interested by major reforms in 2013 and 2015. The 2013 reform removed subsidies to the mono-risk insurance contracts, whereas the 2015 reform replaced the multi- and pluri-risks contract schemes with packages, devoted to providing coverage over different sets of adversities, thus altering the framework that has been used for several years. We show that the first reform contributed to the drop in the quantity of insurance purchased, whereas the latter reform has increased the quality of the insurance purchased.
The ILHBN: challenges, opportunities, and solutions from harmonizing data under heterogeneous study designs, target populations, and measurement protocols
Authors: Chow Sy-Miin , Nahum-Shani Inbal , Baker Justin T , Spruijt-Metz Donna , Allen Nicholas B , Auerbach Randy P , Dunton Genevieve F , Friedman Naomi P , Intille Stephen S , Klasnja Predrag , Marlin Benjamin , Nock Matthew K , Rauch Scott L , Pavel Misha , Vrieze Scott , Wetter David W , Kleiman Evan M , Brick Timothy R , Perry Heather , Wolff-Hughes Dana L ,   Intensive Longitudinal Health Behavior Network (ILHBN), Bodovski Yosef , Wang Shirlene , Kaslander Jonathan , Chu Daniel , Ponnada Aditya , Braga De Braganca Rebecca , Schloesser Dana , Chi Guanqing , Rivera Daniel , Liebenthal Einat 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The ILHBN is funded by the National Institutes of Health to collaboratively study the interactive dynamics of behavior, health, and the environment using Intensive Longitudinal Data (ILD) to (a) understand and intervene on behavior and health and (b) develop new analytic methods to innovate behavioral theories and interventions. The heterogenous study designs, populations, and measurement protocols adopted by the seven studies within the ILHBN created practical challenges, but also unprecedented opportunities to capitalize on data harmonization to provide comparable views of data from different studies, enhance the quality and utility of expensive and hard-won ILD, and amplify scientific yield. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief report of the challenges, opportunities, and solutions from some of the ILHBN’s cross-study data harmonization efforts. We review the process through which harmonization challenges and opportunities motivated the development of tools and collection of metadata within the ILHBN. A variety of strategies have been adopted within the ILHBN to facilitate harmonization of ecological momentary assessment, location, accelerometer, and participant engagement data while preserving theory-driven heterogeneity and data privacy considerations. Several tools have been developed by the ILHBN to resolve challenges in integrating ILD across multiple data streams and time scales both within and across studies. Harmonization of distinct longitudinal measures, measurement tools, and sampling rates across studies is challenging, but also opens up new opportunities to address cross-cutting scientific themes of interest.