bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is known from the existing literature about the available interventions for pelvic floor dysfunction among female athletes? A scoping review
Authors: Giagio Silvia , Innocenti Tiziano , Pillastrini Paolo , Gava Giulia , Salvioli Stefano 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundFemale athletes may be at higher risk of developing pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD). However, despite the great number of epidemiologic studies, the interventions have not been standardized.AimThe present scoping review aimed to map and summarize the literature to identify the available interventions for PFD among female athletes.MethodsSeven databases were searched up to May 2021. Studies considering female athletes practising sports at any performance level with any type of PFD were eligible for inclusion. Any clinical intervention and any context were considered. No language, study design, and publication type restrictions were applied. Additional studies were identified through gray literature and the reference lists of articles included. The results were presented numerically and thematically.ResultsFrom 2625 initial records, 35 studies met inclusion criteria. The majority of articles were narrative reviews, considering athletes with urinary incontinence practising multiple or high‐impact sports. Authors discussed a wide range of interventions: preventive (n = 8); conservative (n = 35), pharmacological (n = 12), and surgical (n = 10). In particular, the Pelvic Floor Muscle Training was considered in 30 studies.ConclusionsThis is the first scoping review to provide a comprehensive overview of the topic. Besides the great number of available interventions, specific programs and randomized controlled clinical trials for female athletes are still limited. Findings highlighted evident gaps in the primary research confirming that the current management is based on expert opinion. This review may be useful for the overall management, and it may represent a starting point for future research.
Validity of the Graz Malnutrition Screening as an indicator of malnutrition in hospitalized patients
Authors: Sahin Nursel , Tek Nilufer Acar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundHospital malnutrition is an important health problem for developed and developing countries, and screening tools are recommended in practice because they can be obtained quickly and easily to identify the risk of malnutrition. This study aimed to validate the use of the Graz Malnutrition Screening (GMS) in combination with different methods of nutrition assessment in the identification of malnutrition risk in hospitalized adult and older patients.MethodsThe study was performed with a total of 348 adult (64.4%) and older (35.6%) patients treated in the internal and surgical clinical units of Ankara Gazi Hospital between May and July 2019. A questionnaire including general information, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical parameters was applied. The Nutritional Risk Screening‐2002 (NRS‐2002), Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire (SNAQ), and GMS were applied, and results were evaluated by comparison.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 57.0 years, and the mean hospital length of stay (LOS) was 7.9 days. According to GMS, malnutrition risk was found in 47.7% of the patients. When NRS‐2002 was taken as a reference, the sensitivity and specificity of GMS were calculated as 95.16% and 78.57%, respectively, and Cohen's kappa coefficient was 0.686. When SNAQ was taken as a reference, the sensitivity and specificity of GMS were calculated as 91.59% and 75.11%, respectively, and Cohen's kappa coefficient was 0.609.ConclusionGMS can be used as a valid screening tool to identify malnutrition risk in both adult and older patients in the different hospital departments in Turkey.
Predictors of poor medication adherence of older people with hypertension
Authors: Wan Jingjing , Wu Yinyin , Ma Yuan , Tao Xiubin , Wang Anshi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsTo explore the risk factors for poor medication adherence in older people with hypertension.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsParticipants were administered with a self‐report questionnaire about their demographic characteristics; additionally, their four‐item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale scores were calculated. The STROBE checklist was applied as the reporting guideline for this study (File S1).ResultsUnivariate analysis indicated that the following five factors were statistically significantly associated with medication adherence: education level (χ2 = 8.073, p = .045), co‐living (χ2 = 11.364, p = .010), hypertension complications (χ2 = 10.968, p = .001), admission blood pressure (χ2 = 8.876, p = .003), and falls (χ2 = 6.703, p = .010). Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis showed that there were four statistically significant predictors, such as people who lived with spouses and offspring (OR = 3.004, p = .017), and those who had high admission blood pressure (OR = 1.910, p = .003) had a greater risk of poor medication adherence, whereas those without hypertension complications (OR = 0.591, p = .026) and those without falls (OR = 0.530, p = .046) had a lower risk.Relevance to clinical practiceWe believe that these findings contribute to the identification of high‐risk people with poor adherence, allowing nurses to identify people with poor adherence in a timely manner, and pay attention to the people's medication.
Healthcare professionals' perceptions of digital health competence: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Jarva Erika , Oikarinen Anne , Andersson Janicke , Tuomikoski Anna‐Maria , Kääriäinen Maria , Meriläinen Merja , Mikkonen Kristina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesThis study aims to provide insight into healthcare professionals' lived experiences of digital health competence with the objective of improving the knowledge of how digital health competence is perceived by healthcare professionals.BackgroundHealthcare professionals need to adjust to the digital era to provide quality and ethical care. Previous research has rarely adopted a healthcare professional's standpoint to describe their perceptions of digital health competence, even though their perspective in how new care practices are designed and implemented is vital.DesignA qualitative descriptive study.MethodsHealthcare professionals (nurses and allied health professionals) from versatile healthcare settings were recruited for individual semi‐structured interviews in Sweden (n = 5) and Finland (n = 15) (spring 2019‐summer 2020). Purposive and convenience sampling was used. Participants' backgrounds were in the public and private sectors. The interviews were transcribed for inductive content analysis. The SRQR guideline guided the study process.ResultsHealthcare professionals' perceptions of digital health competence are connected to competence to provide patient‐centric care through digital channels, using technology and digital health systems, interacting with the patient through digital means, evaluating what digital health is and combining digital and traditional methods. Professionals' perceptions of their own digital health competence were divided, with the participants either reporting sufficient competence or perceiving a lack of skills in some specific areas.ConclusionsHealthcare professionals' perceptions of digital health competence focus on the ability to provide patient‐centric care by evaluating the need and possibilities for using digital health services jointly with more traditional methods. This study provides a sound basis for digital health research, but future studies should focus on elucidating factors which affect digital health competence and competence development.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results of this study can guide healthcare practices and digital health implementation, as well as function as a basis for instrument or theory development. Health care and nursing leaders should enable the resources to hybrid practices in patient‐centric care provision.
Quantifying real‐world upper limb activity via patient‐initiated spontaneous movement in neonatal brachial plexus palsy
Authors: Gatward Meghan E. , Logue Rachel N. , Yang Lynda J.‐S. , Brown Susan H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundNeonatal brachial plexus palsy (NBPP) results in muscle weakness and impaired somatosensory function of the arm. Current functional assessment is primarily based on clinician‐elicited measurements including muscle strength and range of motion. To what extent these measures are representative of real‐world arm movement is unclear.ObjectiveTo determine the feasibility of using body‐worn accelerometers to remotely assess arm movements in children with NBPP.DesignProspective criterion validity study of accelerometry versus clinician assessment.SettingAcademic medical center.ParticipantsNine adolescents with NBPP and nine age‐ and gender‐matched control adolescents participated in the study. All were enrolled in school and participated in community activities.InterventionsNot applicable.MethodsStandard clinician‐elicited measurements were collected. For assessing spontaneous arm movements, participants wore activity monitors during all waking hours for 7 days. Results were expressed as ratios of affected to unaffected arm motion for duration and magnitude and correlated with traditional clinic‐based assessments. Spearman correlations were used to determine relationships between accelerometry results and traditional assessments. A p value <.05 was considered statistically significant.Main Outcome MeasurementsAccelerometry measurements of arm motion and traditional clinical assessments.ResultsCompared to control ratios, duration of arm movement and magnitude ratios were reduced in the NBPP group, particularly for arm magnitude due to reduced affected arm movement and an increase in unaffected arm movement. Ratios were highly correlated with shoulder function and, to a lesser extent, with elbow function.ConclusionReal‐world arm use is an appropriate outcome measure that reflects functional recovery. This study demonstrates the feasibility of wearable technology to quantify duration and intensity of spontaneous arm movement in children with NBPP. Accelerometry also allows for the association between traditional clinician‐elicited assessment measures and spontaneous arm movements, demonstrating the importance of the shoulder as a focus of treatment in NBPP.
Crystal structures of a new class of pyrimidine/purine nucleoside phosphorylase revealed a Cupin fold
Authors: Wen Yan , Li Xiaojia , Guo Wenting , Wu Baixing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNucleotides metabolism is a fundamental process in all organisms. Two families of nucleoside phosphorylases (NP) that catalyze the phosphorolytic cleavage of the glycosidic bond in nucleosides have been found, including the trimeric or hexameric NP‐I and dimeric NP‐II family enzymes. Recent studies revealed another class of NP protein in Escherichia coli named Pyrimidine/purine nucleoside phosphorylase (ppnP), which can catalyze the phosphorolysis of diverse nucleosides and yield d‐ribose 1‐phosphate and the respective free bases. Here, we solved the crystal structures of ppnP from E. coli and the other three species. Our studies revealed that the structure of ppnP belongs to the RlmC‐like Cupin fold and showed as a rigid dimeric conformation. Detail analysis revealed a potential nucleoside binding pocket full of hydrophobic residues, and the residues involved in the dimer and pocket formation are all well conserved in bacteria. Since the Cupin fold is a large superfamily in the biosynthesis of natural products, our studies provide the structural basis for understanding, and the directed evolution of NP proteins.
Processes associated with extremely heavy precipitation in the Meghalaya Plateau region: A case modelling study
Authors: Ahmed Tanvir , Lee Joohyun , Jin Han‐Gyul , Baik Jong‐Jin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Meghalaya Plateau (MP) located in northeast India is one of the rainiest regions in the world. On 18–19 August 2015, Mawsynram on the southern slope of MP received 745 mm of precipitation in 24 hr. This study investigates the dynamical, thermodynamical and cloud microphysical processes associated with this event through numerical simulations with fine horizontal resolutions (1 and 1/3 km). The control (CNTL) simulation with 1 km grid spacing successfully reproduces the observed spatial pattern of accumulated precipitation. A simulation without MP (noMP) is carried out to examine the role of MP in this precipitation. From 1500 LST 18 to 0000 LST 19 (P1) when the low‐level jet carrying warm and moist air towards MP is relatively weak, the upslope region receives a moderate amount of precipitation which is initiated over this region due to the orographic lifting, while almost no precipitation is received there in the noMP simulation. Warm microphysical processes play dominant roles in the precipitation in P1. From 0000 to 0900 LST 19 (P2) when the low‐level jet is enhanced, the CNTL simulation shows very heavy precipitation in the upslope region, much heavier than that in the noMP simulation. Deep convective systems developed upwind of MP move towards MP. These convective systems merge together and strengthen over the upslope region. The accretion process is substantially enhanced by the vigorous updraughts at low levels over the steep slope of MP, resulting in heavy precipitation. The 1/3 km resolution simulation shows much heavier precipitation in the upslope region than the CNTL simulation. The increased horizontal resolution makes the slopes steeper, resulting in further intensification of the updraughts over this region. This increase in simulated precipitation reduces the deviation from the rain‐gauge observation, implying the importance of very high horizontal resolutions in simulating extremely heavy precipitation in MP.
A channel selection for the assimilation of CrIS and HIRAS instruments at full spectral resolution
Authors: Carminati Fabien 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA new channel selection is proposed for the processing of observations at full spectral resolution (FSR) from the Cross‐track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) and Hyperspectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder (HIRAS) instruments in the Met Office global numerical weather prediction (NWP) system. The new selection has been derived in order to minimise the error in NWP analysis and has been compared to an existing selection developed at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Both selections have been tested in the Met Office global NWP system to investigate the use of FSR CrIS compared with the current normal spectral resolution (NSR) set‐up employed in operations. Improvements are obtained for most forecast variables up to 7‐day lead times, with change in root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) ranging from 0.13 to 0.54%, although degradation of tropical temperatures are noted for the NOAA selection. The background fit to observations from independent sounders improves by up to 0.8% with the new selection, outperforming the NOAA selection which results in degradations across most instruments. The assimilation of HIRAS observations does not however benefit the system.
The life cycle of meridional heat flux peaks
Authors: Marcheggiani Andrea , Ambaum Maarten H. P. , Messori Gabriele 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCovariance between meridional wind and air temperature in the lower troposphere quantifies the poleward flux of dry static energy in the atmosphere; in the midlatitudes, this is primarily realised by baroclinic weather systems. It is shown that strong covariance between temperature and meridional wind results from both enhanced correlation and enhanced variance, and that the two evolve according to a distinct temporal structure akin to a life‐cycle. Starting from a state of low correlation and variance, there is first a gradual build‐up to modal growth at constant, high correlation, followed by a rapid decay at relatively low correlation values. This life‐cycle evolution is observed most markedly over oceanic regions, and cannot be explained on purely statistical grounds. We find that local peaks of meridional heat flux are not exclusively linked to the action of individual weather systems and can affect the atmospheric circulation on larger length‐scales through wave propagation along waveguides.
Reply to the comment by Davison and Haynes: Madden–Julian Oscillation like behaviour does persist at small time steps
Authors: Vallis Geoffrey K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn their comment, Davison and Haynes remark on an apparent time‐step sensitivity in the model presented by Vallis and Penn, such that in their own simulations the excitability is lost when using a smaller time step. However, this reply shows that if the condensational time‐scale is suitably small then excitable behaviour can be achieved over a range of time steps, including very small ones, with very similar energy levels and large‐scale behaviour at both large and small time steps. In particular, an eastward‐propagating disturbance resembling the Madden–Julian Oscillation can still be reproduced, independent of time step. Certainly there are numerical, mathematical, and physical difficulties in understanding a system in which condensation occurs on short time‐scales, and this reply discusses further the applicability of the results to the real atmosphere.
Higher‐order derivatives of generalized Lyapunov‐like functions for switched nonlinear systems
Authors: Liu Qian , Li Xiaoli 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper is concerned with utilizing higher‐order derivatives of generalized Lyapunov‐like functions to infer asymptotic stability of the switched nonlinear system without requiring the first derivative of the Lyapunov function for each activated subsystem to be negative definite. In contrast to the existing switched systems literature, we allow generalized Lyapunov‐like functions to increase both during the continuous flows and the discrete jumps. Firstly, a set of sufficient conditions for asymptotic stability of switched nonlinear systems are derived under a state‐dependent switching law. Then, all the above‐mentioned conditions are transformed to a set of bilinearly diagonally dominant sum of squares constraints. Bilinearly diagonally dominant sum of squares programming is proposed as a tool to solve the conditions provided. Finally, two examples are introduced to prove the effectiveness of the above method.
Collaborative structure and post‐mobility knowledge spillovers: A dyadic approach
Authors: Tzabbar Daniel , Lee Jeongsik (Jay) , Seo Donghwi (Josh) 
Published: January 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryHow does the dyadic collaborative structure between the hiring firm and the losing firm influence knowledge spillovers following an employee's move? We demonstrate that knowledge spill‐ins (to the hiring firm) and spill‐backs (to the losing firm) are the greatest when a firm with a strong collaborative density hires an employee from another firm that too has a strong collaborative density. Furthermore, such a dyadic combination results in the greatest degree of access to the broader knowledge of the other firm. By considering the role of relative collaborative structures in post‐mobility knowledge‐building activities, we inform the extant literature on the importance of this factor. In doing so, we invite scholars to take a more holistic view of the risks and benefits associated with “learning by hiring.”Managerial SummaryFirms interested in acquiring the knowledge of other firms through employee recruitment face a dilemma. To best integrate the knowledge brought in by new employees, firms must encourage extensive collaboration between existing employees and new hires. However, such a dense collaboration exposes firms to potential knowledge spill out through these new hires, which may undermine their competitive edge. Firms that lose employees face the reverse dilemma. Accordingly, managers and practitioners should realize that not all recruitments may result in net knowledge gains. Our findings strongly suggest that where a firm hires from also matters, not just who it hires, thereby offering a practical insight for organizations in properly assessing the utility of hiring an employee, particularly in consideration of their relative collaborative structures.
Optimization and design of carbon fabric‐reinforced cementitious matrix composites
Authors: Su Mei‐ni , Wang Zhi , Ueda Tamon 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInterest in carbon fabric‐reinforced cementitious matrix (C‐FRCM) composites as structural strengthening materials for reinforced concrete structures has recently increased. In such applications, the mechanical properties of C‐FRCM composites are the key to unlocking the corresponding strengthening effects. Therefore, this study explores different optimization approaches to improve the loading behaviors of C‐FRCM composites, such as different carbon fabric contents in the cementitious matrix and different surface treatments of the carbon fiber meshes. Then, a series of tensile tests are carried out to evaluate the performance of the modified C‐FRCM composites. Furthermore, experimental results of other FRCM composites are collected from the literature to create a larger data pool for analysis. Finally, two existing constitutive models for FRCM composites — the Aveston‐Cooper‐Kelly (ACK) model and the AC434 model — are compared against these experimental data.
Nonlinear finite element modeling of the impact of reinforcement corrosion on bridge piers under concentric loads
Authors: Zaghian Sepideh , Martín‐Pérez Beatriz , Almansour Husham 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCorrosion of reinforcing steel in reinforced concrete (RC) infrastructure is one of the most detrimental deterioration mechanisms, affecting both safety and serviceability. In the present study, a comprehensive analysis methodology of corrosion damage is adopted. The detrimental effects of corrosion‐induced degradation of material properties on the ultimate capacity of an existing aging RC bridge pier under concentric loading are investigated. A three‐dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis using the commercially available finite element program DIANA is used. The main corrosion‐induced deteriorating factors considered in the present study are: concrete strength degradation within the cover and part of the confined concrete core due to corrosion‐induced cracking, degradation of confinement effects, steel area reduction due to uniform corrosion (in both longitudinal and tie reinforcement), steel ductility degradation due to pitting corrosion, buckling of compressive steel bars due to cross‐section reduction and confinement degradation, and bond strength degradation between steel and concrete induced by concrete cracking/spalling. The methodology is evaluated by comparing the numerical results to those of corroded column tests reported in the literature.
Entanglement in descendants
Authors: Chowdhury Barsha G. , David Justin R. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We study the single interval entanglement and relative entropies of conformal descendants in 2d CFT. Descendants contain non-trivial entanglement, though the entanglement entropy of the canonical primary in the free boson CFT contains no additional entanglement compared to the vacuum, we show that the entanglement entropy of the state created by its level one descendant is non-trivial and is identical to that of the U(1) current in this theory. We determine the first sub-leading corrections to the short interval expansion of the entanglement entropy of descendants in a general CFT from their four point function on the n-sheeted plane. We show that these corrections are determined by multiplying squares of appropriate dressing factors to the corresponding corrections of the primary. Relative entropy between descendants of the same primary is proportional to the square of the difference of their dressing factors. We apply our results to a class of descendants of generalized free fields and descendants of the vacuum and show that their dressing factors are universal.