bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein‐binding approaches for improving bioaccessibility and bioavailability of anthocyanins
Authors: Wu Haizhou , Oliveira Gabriel , Lila Mary Ann 
Published: November 2022

AbstractColor is an important characteristic of food. Over the last 15 years, more attention has been paid to natural colorants because of the rising demand for clean‐label food products. Anthocyanins, which are a group of phytochemicals responsible for the purple, blue or red hues of many plants, offer a market advantage. In addition, anthocyanin‐rich foods are associated with protection against cardiovascular disease, thrombosis, diabetes, cancer, microbial‐based disorders, neurological disorders, and vision ailments. However, the real health value of anthocyanins, whether as a natural colorant or a functional ingredient, is dependent on the ultimate bioaccessibility and bioavailability in the human body. Many animal and human clinical studies revealed that, after intake of anthocyanin‐rich foods or anthocyanin extracts, only trace amounts (< 1% of ingested content) of anthocyanins or their predicted metabolites were detected in plasma after a standard blood draw, which was indicative of low bioavailability of anthocyanins. Protein binding to anthocyanins is a strategy that has recently been reported to enhance the ultimate bioactivity, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability of anthocyanins as compared to anthocyanins delivered without a protein carrier. Therefore, in this review, we address anthocyanin properties in food processing and digestion, anthocyanin‐protein complexes used in food matrices, and changes in the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of anthocyanins when bound into anthocyanin‐protein complexes in foods. Finally, we summarize the challenges and prospects of this delivery system for anthocyanin pigments.
An eleven‐year retrospective case–control study of patients with pulmonary embolism after major surgeries
Authors: Lai Kai‐ming , Wong Kevin Ka‐fai , Leung Siu‐kee 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate the clinical presentation, the risk factors and clinical outcomes in post‐operative pulmonary embolism in General Surgery patients.MethodData from the Surgical Outcomes Monitoring and Improvement Program on all major and ultra‐major surgeries from the Department of Surgery of the New Territories West Cluster of Hospital Authority from July 2008 to June 2019 were reviewed. Clinical information and case notes during hospitalization of patients with pulmonary embolism were reviewed.Demographics, past medical history, drug history, pre‐operative condition, operative parameters and post‐operative events of patients were analysed. Subgroup analyses for emergency and elective operations were performed. Significant risk factors were further analysed by using multivariate Cox regression to adjust for potential confounding factors.ResultsA total number of 20 572 patients were reviewed; 34 patients (0.17%) were diagnosed post‐operative pulmonary embolism with CT pulmonary angiogram. The most common clinical presentation was dyspnoea or desaturation (61.8%), followed by tachycardia (50.0%). Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was present in 17.6% of patients. 30‐day overall mortality rate was 14.7%.Disseminated malignancy (16.7% vs 2.4%; p = .034) and cancer operation (83.3% vs 41.2%; p = .005) were associated with more post‐operative pulmonary embolism in subgroup analysis of elective operations.Upon multivariate Cox regression analyses, increased age (odds ratio = 1.037; 95% confidence interval = 1.009–1.066; p = .010), post‐operative renal events (odds ratio = 3.639; 95% confidence interval = 1.465–9.038; p = .005) and surgical complications required interventional radiology drainage within 30 days (odds ratio = 6.306; 95% confidence interval = 2.463–16.144; p < .001) were significantly associated with more post‐operative pulmonary embolism.ConclusionThe most common clinical presentation of post‐operative pulmonary embolism was dyspnoea or desaturation (61.8%), followed by tachycardia (50.0%). DVT was present 17.6% of patients. 30‐day overall mortality rate was 14.7%. Increased age, malignancy, post‐operative infection and post‐operative renal events were associated with more post‐operative pulmonary embolism.
Early detection of lipid oxidation in infant milk formula by measuring free oxylipins—Comparison with hydroperoxide value and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance methods
Authors: Ferraz Teixeira Bianca , Furlan Gonçalves Dias Fernanda , Ferreira de Souza Vieira Thais Maria , Y. Taha Ameer , Leite Nobrega de Moura Bell Juliana Maria 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInfant milk formula was used as a model food to compare the sensitivity of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and hydroperoxide methods to UPLC‐MS/MS oxylipin analysis for detecting early lipid oxidation. Two different infant milk formulas were tested during 21 days of storage at 4°C. Formulas 1 and 2 contained canola oil and canola oil + 1% docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester, respectively. Formulas were sampled up to 21 days of storage. Formula 2 had higher peroxide values than Formula 1 across all time points. However, no significant differences over time in TBARS and peroxide values in either formula were observed. Several oxylipins increased in both formulas starting on day 7 (linoleic acid and alpha‐linolenic acid‐derived oxylipins in Formula 1 and DHA‐derived oxylipins in Formula 2). These results indicate that free oxylipins are effective in detecting early lipid oxidation and distinguishing between formulations containing different fatty acids.Practical ApplicationWe have recently shown that primary oxidation products known as oxylipins can be measured in their free form by ultra‐high pressure liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) to detect early lipid oxidation. However, a head‐to‐head comparison of the sensitivity of this approach to conventional spectrophotometric methods has not been evaluated. Our results indicate that free oxylipin measurements are better than conventional methods in detecting early lipid oxidation in milk infant formula distinguishing between different formulations.
Can CNN‐based species classification generalise across variation in habitat within a camera trap survey?
Authors: Norman Danielle L. , Bischoff Philipp H. , Wearn Oliver R. , Ewers Robert M. , Rowcliffe J. Marcus , Evans Benjamin , Sethi Sarab , Chapman Philip M. , Freeman Robin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Camera trap surveys are a popular ecological monitoring tool that produce vast numbers of images making their annotation extremely time‐consuming. Advances in machine learning, in the form of convolutional neural networks, have demonstrated potential for automated image classification, reducing processing time. These networks often have a poor ability to generalise, however, which could impact assessments of species in habitats undergoing change.

Here, we (i) compare the performance of three network architectures in identifying species in camera trap images taken from tropical forest of varying disturbance intensities; (ii) explore the impacts of training dataset configuration; (iii) use habitat disturbance categories to investigate network generalisability and (iv) test whether classification performance and generalisability improve when using images cropped to bounding boxes.

Overall accuracy (72.8%) was improved by excluding the rarest species and by adding extra training images (76.3% and 82.8%, respectively). Generalisability to new camera locations within a disturbance level was poor (mean F1‐score: 0.32). Performance across unseen habitat disturbance levels was worse (mean F1‐score: 0.27). Training the network on multiple disturbance levels improved generalisability (mean F1‐score on unseen disturbance levels: 0.41). Cropping images to bounding boxes improved overall performance (F1‐score: 0.77 vs. 0.47) and generalisability (mean F1‐score on unseen disturbance levels: 0.73), but at a cost of losing images that contained animals which the detector failed to detect.

These results suggest researchers should consider using an object detector before passing images to a classifier, and an improvement in classification might be seen if labelled images from other studies are added to their training data. Composition of training data was shown to be influential, but including rarer classes did not compromise performance on common classes, providing support for the inclusion of rare species to inform conservation efforts. These findings have important implications for use of these methods for long‐term monitoring of habitats undergoing change, as they highlight the potential for misclassifications due to poor generalisability to impact subsequent ecological analyses. These methods therefore need to be considered as dynamic, in that changes to the study site would need to be reflected in the updated training of the network.
Stress induced aging in mouse eye
Authors: Xu Qianlan , Rydz Cezary , Nguyen Huu Viet Anh , Rocha Lorena , Palomino La Torre Claudia , Lee Irene , Cho William , Jabari Mary , Donello John , Lyon David C. , Brooke Robert T. , Horvath Steve , Weinreb Robert N. , Ju Won‐Kyu , Foik Andrzej , Skowronska‐Krawczyk Dorota 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAging, a universal process that affects all cells in an organism, is a major risk factor for a group of neuropathies called glaucoma, where elevated intraocular pressure is one of the known stresses affecting the tissue. Our understanding of molecular impact of aging on response to stress in retina is very limited; therefore, we developed a new mouse model to approach this question experimentally. Here we show that susceptibility to response to stress increases with age and is primed on chromatin level. We demonstrate that ocular hypertension activates a stress response that is similar to natural aging and involves activation of inflammation and senescence. We show that multiple instances of pressure elevation cause aging of young retina as measured on transcriptional and DNA methylation level and are accompanied by local histone modification changes. Our data show that repeated stress accelerates appearance of aging features in tissues and suggest chromatin modifications as the key molecular components of aging. Lastly, our work further emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and prevention as well as age‐specific management of age‐related diseases, including glaucoma.
Dental implant failure rates with low insertion torque with a nonsubmerged surgical approach: A retrospective clinical study
Authors: Liu Qiqi , Yang Jian , Wang Ruibin , Yuan Lingling , Yu Ke 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundIt is currently unclear if a low insertion torque (IT) should prompt a clinician to submerge the dental implant at time of placement.PurposeThis study aimed to analyze implant failure rates and marginal bone loss (MBL) as a function of IT and surgical approach.Materials and MethodsA total of 197 patients who had received 295 Mozo Grau (MG) implants were included in this study. The healing of submerged or nonsubmerged implants was evaluated in regular IT (≥20–25 Ncm) or low IT (<20–25 Ncm) cases. Implant failure and MBL were evaluated before prosthesis placement and at 6 and 12 months after functional loading with generalized estimating equations.ResultsThe overall 12‐month implant failure rate was 4.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.7%–8.2%). When successful at 12 months, dental implants placed with low IT and nonsubmerging had the same MBL as implants dental implants placed with other approaches (mean difference = −0.02 mm; 95% CI −0.05 to 0.02). Low IT combined with nonsubmerging of the dental implant was associated with a 30‐fold increased odds for dental implant failure (95% CI: 3.8–236.6).Conclusionlow IT and nonsubmerged healing was associated with a high failure rate.
Taking Conceptual Issues Really Seriously: One Next Step for the Cognitive Science of Consciousness
Authors: Cheng Tony , Lin Yi , Tseng Philip 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this letter we focus on the cognitive science of consciousness. The general message is that, while this interdisciplinary area has made much progress in recent years, there is a tendency of downplaying conceptual issues, and therefore underestimating the difficulties of various problems. We briefly focus on a few prominent examples only, due to the space limit, but the general message should be clear: this recent tendency can be problematic for the progress of the consciousness branch of cognitive sciences.
Conservation status, research, and knowledge of seagrass habitats in World Heritage properties
Authors: Losciale Riccardo , Day Jon , Heron Scott 
Published: November 2022

AbstractClimate change is increasingly threatening World Heritage (WH) properties and their Outstanding Universal Value (OUV). Climate change impacts the attributes that collectively contribute to the OUV; these attributes can be natural (e.g., seagrass) or cultural (e.g., monuments). A recent UNESCO report showed that seagrass habitats within WH properties are estimated to hold 25% of the global seagrass blue carbon asset. Globally, seagrass habitats provide a wide range of benefits to adjacent ecosystems and coastal human communities, yet they have been declining due to direct anthropogenic and climate change stressors. However, the UNESCO report did not provide any information about the relative importance of the attribute “seagrass habitats” toward the OUV and associated communities of WH properties, nor about their conservation status. This study builds upon this previous work by assessing the relative importance of seagrass habitats toward the values of WH properties and by reviewing the current knowledge about the conservation status, threats, monitoring, and management of seagrass habitats within WH properties. Seagrass was identified as an attribute of Very High or High importance to 9 of 28 WH properties. Through analysis of UNESCO documents and scientific literature, we highlight the lack of research, monitoring, and management instruments addressing the protection of seagrass from climate change impacts within these 28 WH properties. Notably, climate change threats to WH seagrass habitats are poorly addressed within WH documentation. The insufficient analysis and reporting of climate impacts on seagrass within WH properties point to an underestimation of the value of this marine ecosystem broadly.
Combined Merkel cell carcinoma and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with lymph node metastases: Report of two cases
Authors: Ríos‐Viñuela Elisa , Traves Victor , Cruz Julia , Machado Isidro , López‐Guerrero José Antonio , Requena Celia , Llombart Beatriz 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMerkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an infrequent, aggressive cutaneous neoplasm, that typically affects the photodamaged skin of elderly individuals, and immunosuppressed patients. Because a subset of MCC is closely related to UV radiation, MCC can develop concurrently with other tumors, most commonly, as a combined tumor with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). These combined tumors appear to represent a distinct disease process from pure MCC, as they are mostly Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) negative, and show a more aggressive behavior. We present two additional cases of combined MCC and SCC with nodal metastases, one of which was MCPyV positive. Two different subtypes of MCC have been proposed based on their origin: a true neuroendocrine carcinoma, that is MCPyV positive and has a dermal origin, and a UV‐related SCC with neuroendocrine differentiation. This theory could explain why MCC can develop concurrently with SCC, and why these combined cases are generally MCPyV negative. However, it fails to explain the minority of combined MCC and SCC tumors that are MCPyV positive. Because both our patients had a history of chronic UV exposure, we hypothesize that UV radiation probably played a major role in the pathogenesis of these tumors, while MCPyV integration probably acted as an additional trigger.
PRAME immunohistochemistry is useful in differentiating oral melanomas from nevi and melanotic macules
Authors: Schmitt Toby Alexander , Lee Jonathan Cassolato , Martinka Magdalena , Ko Kevin Yen Chen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundOral melanocytic neoplasms pose a diagnostic challenge to pathologists owing to their rarity relative to those in the skin. The utility of PRAME in distinguishing nevi from melanomas has been established in the skin, but limited information exists regarding its usefulness in the oral cavity.MethodsThirty‐five previously diagnosed pigmented oral lesions were retrospectively evaluated with PRAME. The lesions consisted of 16 oral nevi, 10 melanomas, and 10 melanotic macules.ResultsStrong and diffuse nuclear PRAME staining was observed in all but one of the oral melanomas, which showed no staining. No nuclear PRAME staining was observed in any of the oral nevi or melanotic macules.ConclusionsPRAME is a useful tool in the evaluation of oral melanocytic neoplasms. Our data indicate that PRAME is a highly specific but incompletely sensitive marker of oral melanoma. Larger studies could further illuminate the diagnostic value of PRAME in oral lesions.
Prevalence of hearing loss in children living in low‐ and middle‐income countries over the last 10 years: A systematic review
Authors: Ganek Hillary V. , Madubueze Ada , Merritt Catherine E. , Bhutta Zulfiqar A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimTo summarize the literature on the prevalence of pediatric hearing loss in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs).MethodA systematic review initially identified 2833 studies, of which 122 met the criteria for inclusion. Eighty‐six of those studies included diagnoses and were included in a meta‐analysis.ResultsThe meta‐analysis indicated a 1% (95% confidence interval = 0.8–2.0) prevalence of childhood hearing loss across LMICs. There was significant heterogeneity between studies and evidence of publication bias. The prevalence of mild and moderate cases of hearing loss was higher than more severe cases and there were fewer cases of mixed hearing loss compared to conductive or sensorineural hearing loss. No differences were identified between the prevalence of unilateral versus bilateral hearing loss or hearing loss according to sex. The quality of the studies, age of participants, and location of data collection may have influenced the results. High variability in the reporting of etiology made the causes of hearing loss unclear.InterpretationThe literature indicates that 1% of children in LMICs have hearing losses. However, most studies missed children with acquired hearing loss, which may lead to under‐reporting of global prevalence. This systematic review is an initial step toward developing and implementing population‐appropriate treatment and prevention programs for childhood hearing loss in LMICs.What this paper adds

The prevalence of childhood hearing loss in low‐ and middle‐income countries is 1%.
Reporting of hearing loss etiology was highly variable.
Fasting and meal‐stimulated serum C‐peptide in long‐standing type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Vollenbrock Charlotte E. , Mul Dick , Dekker Pim , Birnie Erwin , de Vries‐Velraeds Martine M. C. , Boesten Lianne , Groen Joost , Geelhoed‐Duijvestijn Petronella H. L. M. , Aanstoot Henk‐Jan , Wolffenbuttel Bruce H. R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsThis study aims to evaluate the stability of C‐peptide over time and to compare fasting C‐peptide and C‐peptide response after mixed‐meal tolerance test (MMTT) at T90 or T120 with C‐peptide area under the curve (AUC) in long‐standing type 1 diabetes.MethodsWe included 607 type 1 diabetes individuals with diabetes duration >5 years. C‐peptide concentrations (ultrasensitive assay) were collected in the fasting state, and in a subpopulation after MMTT (T0, just prior to, T30‐T60‐T90‐T120, 30–120 min after ingestion of mixed‐meal) (n = 168). Fasting C‐peptide concentrations (in n = 535) at Year 0 and Year 1 were compared. The clinical determinants associated with residual C‐peptide secretion and the correspondence of C‐peptide at MMTT T90 / T120 and total AUC were assessed.ResultsA total of 153 participants (25%) had detectable fasting serum C‐peptide (i.e ≥ 3.8 pmol/L). Fasting C‐peptide was significantly lower at Year 1 (p < 0.001, effect size = −0.16). Participants with higher fasting C‐peptide had a higher age at diagnosis and shorter disease duration and were less frequently insulin pump users. Overall, 109 of 168 (65%) participants had both non‐detectable fasting and post‐meal serum C‐peptide concentrations. The T90 and T120 C‐peptide values at MMTT were concordant with total AUC. In 17 (10%) individuals, C‐peptide was only detectable at MMTT and not in the fasting state.ConclusionsStimulated C‐peptide was detectable in an additional 10% of individuals compared with fasting in individuals with >5 years of diabetes duration. T90 and T120 MMTT measurements showed good concordance with the MMTT total AUC. Overall, there was a decrease of C‐peptide at 1‐year follow‐up.
T2 mapping of cartilage in the equine distal interphalangeal joint with corresponding histology using 0.27 T and 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Baker Melissa Eve , Kershaw Lucy Elizabeth , Carstens Ann , Daniel Carola Riccarda , Brown Helen , Roberts Steve , Taylor Sarah Elizabeth 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundLow‐field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely available to equine veterinarians yet is insensitive at detecting cartilage damage in the distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ). T2 mapping is a quantitative imaging technique that can detect cartilage damage before morphological change is apparent.ObjectivesValidation of a T2 mapping sequence on a low‐field MR system. Correlation of the mean T2 relaxation time in sections of cartilage with varying levels of pathology using low‐ and high‐field MRI.Study designCross‐sectional study.MethodsEight phantoms with known (nominal) T2 values underwent low‐field (0.27 T) MRI and 38 ex vivo DIPJs were imaged. A further 9 ex vivo DIPJs were imaged on both the low‐ and high‐field MR systems. Immediately after imaging, the DIPJs were disarticulated and samples collected for histology. Histological sections were graded using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scoring system. Fiji ImageJ software with the MRIAnalysisPak plugin was used to calculate T2 maps and draw the regions of interest (ROIs).ResultsThere was close agreement between the nominal and the measured T2 values in the phantom study. Spearman's rank correlation demonstrated significant positive correlation between low‐ and high‐field T2 measurements, rho 0.644 (p < 0.001). The intrarater agreement for T2 measurements was excellent, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.99 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.99–1.00), the inter‐rater agreement was excellent, ICC = 0.88 (95% CI = 0.82–0.92) and there was good intrarater agreement for OARSI scores (к = 0.76).Main limitationsOnly a small number of histological samples were analysed. Both articular cartilage surfaces were measured within the ROI. There were no OARSI grade 0 control samples.ConclusionsA T2 mapping sequence on a low‐field 0.27 T MR system was validated. There was a positive correlation between low‐ and high‐field T2 measurements. The findings suggest a higher mean T2 relaxation time in pathological cartilage tissue examined in this study compared to normal equine cartilage tissue.