bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opposing effects of spatiotemporal variation in resources and temporal variation in climate on density dependent population growth in seabirds
Authors: Searle Kate R. , Butler Adam , Waggitt James J. , Evans Peter G. H. , Bogdanova Maria I , Hobbs N. Thompson , Daunt Francis , Wanless Sarah 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnderstanding how ecological processes combine to shape population dynamics is crucial in a rapidly changing world. Evidence has been emerging for how fundamental drivers of density dependence in mobile species are related to two differing types of environmental variation—temporal variation in climate, and spatiotemporal variation in food resources. However, to date, tests of these hypotheses have been largely restricted to mid‐trophic species in terrestrial environments and thus their general applicability remains unknown.We tested if these same processes can be identified in marine upper trophic level species. We assembled a multi‐decadal data set on population abundance of 10 species of colonial seabirds comprising a large component of the UK breeding seabird biomass, and covering diverse phylogenies, life histories and foraging behaviours.We tested for evidence of density dependence in population growth rates using discrete time state‐space population models fit to long time‐series of observations of abundance at seabird breeding colonies. We then assessed if the strength of density dependence in population growth rates was exacerbated by temporal variation in climate (sea temperature and swell height), and attenuated by spatiotemporal variation in prey resources (productivity and tidal fronts).The majority of species showed patterns consistent with temporal variation in climate acting to strengthen density dependent feedbacks to population growth. However, fewer species showed evidence for a weakening of density dependence with increasing spatiotemporal variation in prey resources.Our findings extend this emerging theory for how different sources of environmental variation may shape the dynamics and regulation of animal populations, demonstrating its role in upper trophic marine species. We show that environmental variation leaves a signal in long‐term population dynamics of seabirds with potentially important consequences for their demography and trophic interactions.
Functional evaluation of the insulin/insulin‐like growth factor signaling pathway in determination of wing polyphenism in pea aphid
Authors: Yuan Yiyang , Wang Yanyan , Ye Wanwan , Yuan Erliang , Di Jian , Chen Xin , Xing Yanling , Sun Yucheng , Ge Feng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWing polyphenism is a common phenomenon that plays key roles in environmental adaptation of insects. Insulin/insulin‐like growth factor signaling (IIS) pathway is a highly conserved pathway in regulation of metabolism, development, and growth in metazoans. It has been reported that IIS is required for switching of wing morph in brown planthopper via regulating the development of the wing pad. However, it remains elusive whether and how IIS pathway regulates transgenerational wing dimorphism in aphid. In this study, we found that pairing and solitary treatments can induce pea aphids to produce high and low percentage winged offspring, respectively. The expression level of ILP5 (insulin‐like peptide 5) in maternal head was significantly higher upon solitary treatment in comparison with pairing, while silencing of ILP5 caused no obvious change in the winged offspring ratio. RNA interference‐mediated knockdown of FoxO (Forkhead transcription factor subgroup O) in stage 20 embryos significantly increased the winged offspring ratio. The results of pharmacological and quantitative polymerase chain reaction experiments showed that the embryonic insulin receptors may not be involved in wing polyphenism. Additionally, ILP4 and ILP11 exhibited higher expression levels in 1st wingless offspring than in winged offspring. We demonstrate that FoxO negatively regulates the wing morph development in embryos. ILPs may regulate aphid wing polyphenism in a developmental stage‐specific manner. However, the regulation may be not mediated by the canonical IIS pathway. The findings advance our understanding of IIS pathway in insect transgenerational wing polyphenism.
Ambiguous culture in Greenland police: Proposing a multi‐dimensional framework of organizational culture for Human Resource Management theory and practice
Authors: Muhr Sara Louise , Holck Lotte , Just Sine Nørholm 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article places ambiguity at the centre of Human Resource Management theory and practice of organizational culture and advances a multi‐dimensional framework that makes productive use of tensions between cultural integration and differentiation. Providing an illustrative analysis of Greenland Police, we identify a clash between a strong integrational pull and a similarly powerful differentiating force, involving an integrated occupational culture and differentiated national sub‐cultures. This clash, we show, becomes productive when organizational members articulate and enact ambiguous identities. Emphasising the contextuality of organizational culture, we do not believe the empirical findings to be generalisable, but, instead, offer the analytical framework for studying multi‐dimensional organizational culture as our main contribution. Conceptually, we emphasise how ambiguity is articulated in and between integration and differentiation, thus enhancing the relationality of the dimensions. The practical aim is to set ambiguous dynamics in motion that enable productive relations between different cultural dimensions.
Primary concurrent chemoradiation therapy with triweekly cisplatin as a standard protocol in patients aged ≥65 years with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ahn Dongbin , Kwak Ji Hye , Lee Gil Joon , Sohn Jin Ho , Lee Jeong Eun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the results of primary concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) with triweekly cisplatin in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) aged ≥65 years by comparing these patients to those aged < 65 years.MethodsThis prospective, single‐center study enrolled patients with HNSCC for whom CCRT was indicated as the primary treatment. The major endpoints were progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).ResultsA total of 169 patients were enrolled; 75 (44.4%) and 94 (55.6%) patients were aged ≥65 and < 65 years, respectively. The mean cumulative cisplatin doses were 192.8 mg/m2 and 212.3 mg/m2 in patients ≥65 and < 65, respectively (p < .001). The incidence rates of any grade 3–4 toxicities were 37.3% and 51.1% in the age ≥65 and < 65 groups, respectively (p = .085). The 5‐year locoregional control, distant control, PFS, ultimate PFS, and disease‐specific survival were comparable between both groups. The 5‐year OS was significantly lower in the ≥65 group than the < 65 group (65.5% vs. 86.4%, p = .010) due to a lower salvage rate and higher incidence of non‐HNSCC‐related death. In a Cox regression analysis, age ≥65 years was not associated with increased risk of treatment failure but was associated with higher overall death rate (hazard ratio, 2.590; 95% confidence interval, 1.219–5.502; p = .013).ConclusionCCRT with a triweekly cisplatin regimen could act as the standard of ca for HNSCC in elderly patients. However, the relatively lower OS compared to younger patients should be acknowledged, despite a favorable disease control rates.
A practical toolbox for the effective transition of adolescents and young adults with asthma and allergies: An EAACI position paper
Authors: Vazquez‐Ortiz Marta , Gore Claudia , Alviani Cherry , Angier Elizabeth , Blumchen Katharina , Comberiati Pasquale , Duca Bettina , DunnGalvin Audrey , Garriga‐Baraut Teresa , Gowland M. Hazel , Egmose Britt , Knibb Rebecca , Khaleva Ekaterina , Mortz Charlotte G. , Pfaar Oliver , Pite Helena , Podesta Marcia , Santos Alexandra F. , Sanchez‐Garcia Silvia , Timmermans Frans , Roberts Graham 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionAdolescence is a critical stage of rapid biological, emotional and social change and development. Adolescents and young adults (AYA) with asthma and allergies need to develop the knowledge and skills to self‐manage their health independently. Healthcare professionals (HCP), parents and their wider network play an essential role in supporting AYA in this process. Previous work showed significant limitations in transition care across Europe. In 2020, the first evidence‐based guideline on effective transition for AYA with asthma and allergies was published by EAACI.AimWe herein summarize practical resources to support this guideline's implementation in clinical practice.MethodsFor this purpose, multi‐stakeholder Task Force members searched for resources in peer review journals and grey literature. These resources were included if relevant and of good quality and were pragmatically rated for their evidence‐basis and user friendliness.ResultsResources identified covered a range of topics and targeted healthcare professionals, AYA, parents/carers, schools, workplace and wider community. Most resources were in English, web‐based and had limited evidence‐basis.ConclusionsThis position paper provides a valuable selection of practical resources for all stakeholders to support effective transitional care for AYA with asthma and allergies. Future research should focus on developing validated, patient‐centred tools to further assist evidence‐based transition care.
Comparative efficacy of treatments for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy: A systematic review with network meta‐analyses
Authors: van Dijk Elon H. C. , Feenstra Helena M. A. , Bjerager Jakob , Grauslund Jakob , Boon Camiel J. F. , Subhi Yousif 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTreatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (cCSC) remains a topic of controversy. As cCSC is a disease that can wax and wane, treatment efficacy is difficult to assess especially when trials compare active treatments without any placebo/control group. In this study, we systematically reviewed short‐term efficacies of any cCSC treatment tested in randomized controlled trials (RCT) and employed network meta‐analyses to compare to non‐treatment controls. We searched 11 literature databases on 20 March 2022 for RCTs of treatment of cCSC. We identified 17 RCTs including a total of 1172 eyes. Treatments included conventional laser (44 eyes), half‐dose or half‐fluence photodynamic therapy (PDT) (298 eyes), ranibizumab (16 eyes), antioxidants (50 eyes), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (187 eyes), rifampicin (91 eyes), selective retina therapy (SRT) (67 eyes) and subthreshold micropulse laser (192 eyes). Compared with controls, significant benefit on complete subretinal fluid resolution was only obtained from half‐dose or half‐fluence PDT (OR: 20.6; 95% CI: 6.3–66.7; p < 0.0001) and conventional laser (OR: 36.4; 95% CI: 2.0–655.7; p = 0.015), and at an order of magnitude lower degree from SRT (OR: 3.4; 95% CI: 1.7–6.8; p = 0.00075). Compared with controls and after sensitivity analyses, significant benefit in the change in best‐corrected visual acuity was only obtained by half‐dose/‐fluence PDT (−0.13 logMAR; 95% CI: −0.20 to −0.06 logMAR; p = 0.00021). In conclusion, three treatment options provide significant improvement over no treatment: half‐dose/‐fluence PDT, conventional laser and to a much lesser degree SRT. Considering that conventional laser can only be applied for extrafoveal leaks, and the long‐term data available for PDT‐based treatments finding persisting treatment results, half‐dose or half‐fluence PDT is the only viable treatment option for patients with cCSC. Shortage issues with verteporfin should not lead to employment of ineffective treatment modalities, as they put patients at unnecessary risk of adverse events.
A less muddy glee? Perspectives from a disabled researcher in the era of virtual global south fieldwork
Authors: Bhakta Amita 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChallenges to the changing spaces of geography fieldwork have been pronounced during the COVID‐19 pandemic, through one of the most significant shifts since Bracken and Mawdsley wrote ‘Muddy glee’ in 2004, from ‘doing’ to ‘imagining’ fieldwork. Drawing on personal involvement in conducting virtual qualitative fieldwork during the pandemic on the experiences of older people with incontinence and their caregivers in Ethiopia and Malawi as a researcher with cerebral palsy, this commentary assesses new forms of ‘muddiness’ and the possibilities of inclusive data collection to evoke a sense of glee in the virtual field. The commentary reflects on how, away from challenging environments and in the virtual field, researchers with disabilities can discover a less physically ‘muddy’ glee by being included in fieldwork conducted online. The commentary draws on the new, tacit sense of muddiness experienced due to the physical separation between researcher and participant during the virtual era. The author provides reflections on routes to a new glee using technology and redressing the imbalances of power between researchers from the global North and partners in the global South, to further round out the picture of fieldwork to include women with disabilities going beyond the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Navigating the challenges of fieldwork and childcare: Revisiting ‘muddy glee’
Authors: Bastia Tanja , Hope Jessica , Jenkins Katy , Lemanski Charlotte , Meth Paula , Moeller Nina , Williams Glyn 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis commentary emerges from our collective interest in, and reflections on, the multiple ways in which parents working within Development Geography in UK academia negotiate the complexities of combining periods of overseas fieldwork with family life. Here, we bring our varied experiences of navigating these challenges (emotional, bureaucratic, and practical) into conversation with Bracken and Mawdsley's ‘Muddy glee,’ highlighting the ways in which a recognition of academics', especially female academics', childcare responsibilities has been largely absent from discussions around conducting fieldwork, specifically development fieldwork in the global South.
Modeling genetic benefits and financial costs of integrating biobanking into the conservation breeding of managed marsupials
Authors: Howell Lachlan G. , Mawson Peter R. , Comizzoli Pierre , Witt Ryan R. , Frankham Richard , Clulow Simon , O'Brien Justine K. , Clulow John , Marinari Paul , Rodger John C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractManaged breeding programs are an important tool in marsupial conservation efforts but may be costly and have adverse genetic effects in unavoidably small captive colonies. Biobanking and assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) could help overcome these challenges, but further demonstration of their potential is required to improve uptake. We used genetic and economic models to examine whether supplementing hypothetical captive populations of dibblers (Parantechinus apicalis) and numbats (Myrmecobius fasciatus) with biobanked founder sperm through ARTs could reduce inbreeding, lower required colony sizes, and reduce program costs. We also asked practitioners of the black‐footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) captive recovery program to complete a questionnaire to examine the resources and model species research pathways required to develop an optimized biobanking protocol in the black‐footed ferret. We used data from this questionnaire to devise similar costed research pathways for Australian marsupials. With biobanking and assisted reproduction, inbreeding was reduced on average by between 80% and 98%, colony sizes were on average 99% smaller, and program costs were 69‐ to 83‐fold lower. Integrating biobanking made long‐standing captive genetic retention targets possible in marsupials (90% source population heterozygosity for a minimum of 100 years) within realistic cost frameworks. Lessons from the use of biobanking technology that contributed to the recovery of the black‐footed ferret include the importance of adequate research funding (US$4.2 million), extensive partnerships that provide access to facilities and equipment, colony animals, appropriate research model species, and professional and technical staff required to address knowledge gaps to deliver an optimized biobanking protocol. Applied research investment of A$133 million across marsupial research pathways could deliver biobanking protocols for 15 of Australia's most at‐risk marsupial species and 7 model species. The technical expertise and ex situ facilities exist to emulate the success of the black‐footed ferret recovery program in threatened marsupials using these research pathways. All that is needed now for significant and cost‐effective conservation gains is greater investment by policy makers in marsupial ARTs.
Successful treatment of adult Dravet syndrome patients with cenobamate
Authors: Makridis Konstantin L. , Friedo Anna‐Lena , Kellinghaus Christoph , Losch Florian‐Phillip , Schmitz Bettina , Boßelmann Christian , Kaindl Angela M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDravet syndrome (DS) is a rare, drug‐resistant, severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy caused by pathogenic variants in the α subunit of the voltage‐gated sodium channel gene SCN1A. Hyperexcitability in DS results from loss of function in inhibitory interneurons. Thus sodium channel blockers are usually contraindicated in patients with DS as they may lead to disease aggravation. Cenobamate (CNB) is a novel antiseizure medication (ASM) with promising rates of seizure freedom in patients with focal‐onset, drug‐resistant epilepsy. CNB blocks persistent sodium currents by promoting the inactive states of sodium channels. In a multi‐center study, we analyzed retrospectively the effect of an add‐on therapy of CNB in adult patients with DS. We report four adult patients with DS in whom the use of CNB resulted in a significant seizure reduction of more than 80%, with a follow‐up of up to 542 days. CNB was the first drug in these patients that resulted in a long‐lasting and significant seizure reduction. No severe adverse events occurred. We highlight CNB as an ASM that may lead to a clinically meaningful reduction of seizure frequency in adult patients with DS. It is unclear, however, if all patients with DS benefit, requiring further investigation and functional experiments.
Self‐heating measurements under cyclic loading to identify history effects on HCF properties of high‐strength low‐alloy steel: Part I—Experimental investigations
Authors: Louge Julien , Moyne Sylvain , Doudard Cédric , Calloch Sylvain , Weber Bastien , Munier Rémi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHigh cycle fatigue properties of steels are usually characterized in the as‐delivered state of the material. However, forming process, variable amplitude and accidental loading, called load history, could affect HCF properties. Given that investigating those history effect of fatigue properties by means of regular fatigue test would be very time consuming, self‐heating measurements under cyclic loading were considered. Two load history effects were studied, a macroscopic plastic pre‐strain and a cyclic pre‐loading, by means of self‐heating measurements under cyclic loading. All of the findings were used to propose a modification of a probabilistic two‐scale model, which links self‐heating measurements to HCF properties, given in the accompanying paper.
Acute, diel, and annual temperature variability and the thermal biology of ectotherms
Authors: Kefford Ben J. , Ghalambor Cameron K. , Dewenter Beatrice , Poff N. LeRoy , Hughes Jane , Reich Jollene , Thompson Ross 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGlobal warming is increasing mean temperatures and altering temperature variability at multiple temporal scales. To better understand the consequences of changes in thermal variability for ectotherms it is necessary to consider thermal variation at different time scales (i.e., acute, diel, and annual) and the responses of organisms within and across generations. Thermodynamics constrain acute responses to temperature, but within these constraints and over longer time periods, organisms have the scope to adaptively acclimate or evolve. Yet, hypotheses and predictions about responses to future warming tend not to explicitly consider the temporal scale at which temperature varies. Here, focusing on multicellular ectothermic animals, we argue that consideration of multiple processes and constraints associated with various timescales is necessary to better understand how altered thermal variability because of climate change will affect ectotherms.
Oral health‐related quality of life among home‐dwelling older people with and without domiciliary care
Authors: Salmi Riikka , Närhi Timo , Suominen Auli , Suominen Anna Liisa , Lahti Satu 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesThe aim was to compare oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) between home‐dwelling older people with and without domiciliary care when adjusted for gender, education, use of dental services and removable dental prostheses.BackgroundOHRQoL of home‐dwelling older people with and without domiciliary care is a neglected area of research, with few studies having been conducted.Materials and MethodsA secondary analysis was conducted on the Finnish Health 2011 interview data. Home‐dwelling participants (age ≥ 70) with or without domiciliary care were included (n = 758). OHRQoL was measured with the Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaire (OHIP‐14) calculating three outcomes: prevalence of at least one impact reported: “occasionally,” “fairly often” or “very often” (OFoVo), severity as mean sum score and mean of the seven OHIP‐14 dimensions. These were evaluated by use of domiciliary care using logistic and negative binomial regression analyses.ResultsDomiciliary care clients tended to have poorer OHRQoL than non‐clients (severity mean 4.33 vs 4.11, P = .057), especially men (6.71 vs 4.15, P = .027), and reported more psychological discomfort than non‐clients (mean 1.10 vs 0.82, P = .039). The use of removable dental prostheses was the strongest predictor (OR 2.84, P < .001) of poor OHRQoL.ConclusionDomiciliary care clients tended to report poorer OHRQoL, especially with regard to psychological discomfort dimension than non‐clients. Thus, support of oral hygiene and regular utilisation of oral health services should be part of domiciliary care among older people to enhance OHRQoL.
Comparative cross‐sectional study of knowledge, attitudes and perceptions among mental health and ward nursing staff towards smoking
Authors: Bellali Thalia , Karagkounis Chrysovalantis , Liamopoulou Polixeni , Minasidou Evgenia , Manomenidis Georgios 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was twofold: to estimate smoking prevalence among nurses and to compare their knowledge, perceptions and attitudes towards smoking.BackgroundGiven the critical role nurses have in the process of patients' smoking cessation both as counsellors and behavioural models, data are needed on their smoking rates and behaviour.DesignA cross sectional, comparative study was conducted.MethodsA convenience sample of 847 nurses working in various psychiatric and public hospitals in Northern Greece participated in the study. Data were collected between April and June 2020 using a battery of questionnaires.ResultsMental health nurses were less likely to consider quitting smoking within the next 6 months (P < 0.001), despite the fact that they reported higher levels of the importance of stop smoking compared to ward nurses (P < 0.05). However, ward nurses were more likely to quit smoking because of the cost of cigarettes (P = 0.024) and for personal reasons (P = 0.040).ConclusionPrevalence of smoking in nurses is high. Training and educational programmes are needed to develop the appropriate culture of health promotion among nurses, thus provide a more active support to patients who smoke.