bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Film Review: Transcendence
Authors: Baum Seth D. 
Published: May 2022

Is it possible to create an artificial mind? Can a human or other biological mind be uploaded into computer hardware? Should these sorts of artificial intelligences be created, and under what circumstances? Would the AIs make the world better off? These and other deep but timely questions are raised by the recent film Transcendence (dir. Wally Pfister, 2014). In this review, I will discuss some of the questions raised by the film and show their importance to real-world decision making about AI and other risks. Reader, be warned: This review gives away much of the film’s plot, though it also suggests ideas to keep in mind when watching.
Extraterrestrial artificial intelligences and humanity’s cosmic future
Authors: Miletić Tomislav 
Published: May 2022

A probable solution of the Fermi paradox, and a necessary step in humanity’s cosmic development, is the construction of a Bracewell-Von Neumann (BN) Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). The use of BN probes is the most plausible method of initial galactic exploration and communication for advanced ET civilizations, and our own cosmic evolution lies firmly in the utilization of, and cooperation with, AGI agents. To establish these claims, I explore the most credible developmental path from carbon-based life forms to planetary civilizations and AI creation. I consider the likely physical characteristics of extraterrestrial AI probes and propose ways to predict their behavior. Lastly, I ponder the possible trajectories for humanity’s cosmic future.
The Right to Our Personal Memories
Authors: Stilman Gabriel 
Published: May 2022

The right to informational self-determination has been widely recognized in many legal systems. It is the right of people to choose freely under what circumstances and to what extent they will expose information about themselves. So far, this notion has served as a means for restricting the circulation of information. By contrast, this paper argues that informational self-determination includes an informational-expansive aspect: the power of the individual to actively process – primarily by recording, storing, and eventually releasing to others - his/her personal information and circumstances. Express legal recognition of this right, along with a proposed criterion of the most affected person for cases involving overlapping claims to privacy, would assist an immense number of people who are subjected to abusive situations, violations, and arbitrary actions.
Infusing Advanced AGIs with Human-Like Value Systems
Authors: Goertzel Ben 
Published: May 2022

Two theses are proposed, regarding the future evolution of the value systems of advanced AGI systems. The Value Learning Thesis is a semi-formalized version of the idea that, if an AGI system is taught human values in an interactive and experiential way as its intelligence increases toward human level, it will likely adopt these human values in a genuine way. The Value Evolution Thesis is a semi-formalized version of the idea that if an AGI system begins with human-like values, and then iteratively modifies itself, it will end up in roughly the same future states as a population of human beings engaged with progressively increasing their own intelligence (e.g. by cyborgification or brain modification). Taken together, these theses suggest a worldview in which raising young AGIs to have human-like values is a sensible thing to do, and likely to produce a future that is generally desirable in a human sense.
While these two theses are far from definitively proven, I argue that they are more solid and more relevant to the actual future of AGI than Bostrom’s “Instrumental Convergence Thesis” and “Orthogonality Thesis” which are core to the basis of his argument (in his book Superintelligence) for fearing ongoing AGI development and placing AGI R&D under strict governmental control. In the context of fleshing out this argument, previous publications and discussions by Richard Loosemore and Kaj Sotala are discussed in some detail.
Do No Harm Policy for Minds in Other Substrates
Authors: Ziesche Soenke , Yampolskiy Roman V. 
Published: May 2022

Various authors have argued that in the future not only will it be technically feasible for human minds to be transferred to other substrates, but this will become, for most humans, the preferred option over the current biological limitations. It has even been claimed that such a scenario is inevitable in order to solve the challenging, but imperative, multi-agent value alignment problem. In all these considerations, it has been overlooked that, in order to create a suitable environment for a particular mind – for example, a personal universe in a computational substrate – numerous other potentially sentient beings will have to be created. These range from non-player characters to subroutines. This article analyzes the additional suffering and mind crimes that these scenarios might entail. We offer a partial solution to reduce the suffering by imposing on the transferred mind the perception of indicators to measure potential suffering in non-player characters. This approach can be seen as implementing literal empathy through enhanced cognition.
Sentido y alcances de la noción de “formas jurídicas” en Michel Foucault
Authors: Castro Edgardo Manuel 
Published: May 2022

This work aims to show the relevance of the question of law in Michel Foucault’s political philosophy. Arguing against the so-called ‘anti-juridicism’ of the author, we seek to determine the place that juridical forms occupy in his analysis of power based on the relationship between the history of law and the history of truth. To this end, we discuss the distinction proposed by François Ewald between the juridical and legal and we raise the need to complement the perspectives of Foucault's books with some texts edited posthumously, particularly his courses at the Collège de France.
Este trabajo se ocupa de mostrar la relevancia de la cuestión del derecho en la filosofía política de Michel Foucault. Argumentando contra el denominado “antijuridicismo” del autor, busca determinar el lugar que ocupan las formas jurídicas en su analítica del poder a partir de la relación entre la historia del derecho y la historia de la verdad. A tal fin, discute la distinción propuesta por François Ewald entre lo jurídico y lo legal y plantea la necesidad de complementar las perspectivas de los libros de Foucault con los textos editados póstumamente, en particular sus cursos en el Collège de France.
Pierre Bayle y la imposibilidad del debate racional sobre el mal
Authors: Garcia-Alonso Marta 
Published: May 2022

Pierre Bayle and the impossibility of a rational debate on evil
I claim that Bayle engaged with theodicy in order to show how philosophy was misused in religious matters. For Bayle, the debate on evil does not oppose dichotomically reason and religion, it just requires that the participants deal with revealed truths using reason alone. In this regard, Bayle does not only criticize the Calvinist theologians of his time, but also the very source of Christian theology, Augustine of Hippo.
En ese artículo, sugerimos que el debate sobre la teodicea bayleana tiene por finalidad hacer patente el uso ilegítimo que se hace de la filosofía al aplicarla al debate religioso. La discusión sobre el mal no supone una disputa entre la razón en sentido absoluto y la religión, sino que compromete el uso de la razón en la revelación, de modo exclusivo Por esa razón, como veremos, el filósofo de Rotterdam no limita su crítica a la teología calvinista de su tiempo sino que la dirige al mismo corazón de la teología cristiana: la obra de Agustin de Hipona.
Challenges to Research Activities among Academic Clinicians at the International Medical School, Management and Science University, Malaysia
Authors: Attalla Sohayla M. , Hanafy Nihal A. , Akter Mahfuza , Kumar Kavitha Ashok 
Published: May 2022

Scientific research is the main factor for developing the societies. The qualified university staff are expected to have the biggest share in research work but unfortunately may be distracted by academic work or suffering variable factors that hinder the research activities. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of those interested in research and have research activities among staff at the IMS-MSU and investigate the factors that may hinder the research activities among the medical school academicians in order to put recommendations to enhance the research activities. Results showed that 90% of the working staff are interested in research, 35.2% had 1-5 publications and 12.9% had 30 publications along their working life. 51.6% of the respondents are holding master and 38.7% are holding PhD that gives indication for the qualifications of the school staff that are suitable to perform research but unfortunately those having more than > 15 researches along their work life represented 22.5% which is a small percentage but it can be accepted when it is noticed that 28% only of the working power are working since more than 10 years. 48.4%% of the working power are having 1-5 publications in the last year which mean that the research activities have been increasing in the last year when it is noticed that 35.2% of the staff are having 1-5 publications along their working life. The most challenging factor for research activities from the academicians’ perspective was the multifactorial effects (35.4%), research related factors (32.3%) followed by the organizational (19.4%) and the personal factors (12.9%). It is concluded that the research ecosystem has been developing and growing fast in the last 5 years among IMS-MSU staff, yet all the affecting challenges are encouraged to be corrected for more enhancement of research activities.
Molecular Detection of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Katsina State, Northern Nigeria
Authors: Ibrahim Bello , Sharma Arpita , Lawal Mukhtar Gambo 
Published: May 2022

Aims: To determine the prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and its variant (G6PD A-) among children diagnosed with Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Katsina state, Nigeria.
Study Design: Cross-Sectional Studies.
Place and Duration of Study: General Hospitals Katsina, Dutsin-ma, Daura, Baure, Malumfashi and Funtua of Katsina state, Nigeria from June, 2020 to December, 2020.
Methodology: A total of 200 blood samples were collected from the study subjects after getting the ethical approval and informed consent. Their socio-demographic information and clinical presentations were also noted with the aid of questionnaire. G6PD deficiency was detected using G6PD qualitative test. Molecular characterization of African A- Variants was carried out using PCR and Sanger sequencing. Phylogenetic studies were carried out to analyze the relationship between the types of mutations found in Nigeria and other countries.
Results: The G6PD qualitative test shows that 35(17.5%) samples were G6PD deficient which indicates significant association (P<0.05) between G6PD and malaria. The PCR and sequence analysis of the 35 G6PD deficient samples shows the presence of G202A mutations in only 7(20.0%) samples. However, the BLAST analysis of the nucleotide sequences has shown 98.73% - 100% homology with other sequences of G6PD from the NCBI database. The bioinformatics analysis revealed G6PD mutations which indicate a Guanine to Adenine mutations at amino acid number 68 substitution of valine to methionine.
Conclusion: This study has shown a high prevalence of G6PD deficiency among children diagnosed with Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Katsina State, North-western Nigeria. Polymerase Chain Reaction, NCBI blast, Phylogenetic and Bioinformatics analysis of the deficient samples shows that G202A mutation in relation to the deficient children was not statistically significant (p>0.05), hence does not appear to have a role in G6PD deficiency among children in the selected area of Katsina state, Nigeria though our findings were limited by the small sample size.
The Effect of Blended Learning on Omani Post-basic students’ English Listening Skills
Authors: Hasani Amur Al , Gabarre Serge , Gabarre Cécile 
Published: May 2022

Aim: The researchers aimed to investigate the effect of blended learning on developing EFL listening skills for Omani post-basic education students, and to improve their EFL listening skills through a variety of methods, such as audiovisual devices, or computer-based activities that can be done at home or in English language labs via specific materials.
Study Design: The research was a pre-posttest quasi-experimental research.
Place and Duration of Study: An 8-week study was conducted at the Falaj Al Mashaikh School in Sharqiyah South Governorate, Jalan Bani Bu Hassan province in the Sultanate of Oman at the Basic Education level of the academic year 2020-2021.
Methodology: The researcher conducted a pre-posttest quasi-experimental design through which participants were distributed into an experimental and a control group of 60 students. To collect data, the instruments used in the study were an EFL listening skills checklist and Pre-Post Test.
Results: The results revealed that the experimental group members, who were exposed to the blended learning based instructional course, were effective in developing their own listening skills that considerably changed their attitudes towards learning English listening skills and removed sensations of fear and anxiety with regard to learning. The results showed that the majority of students got above 90%, 14 students got above 80%, while 5 students got less than 70%, and 2 students only got less than 60% in the listening posttest in the experimental group. On the other hand, the results in the control group remained the same with a slight increase with some students.
Conclusion: It became evident that the blended learning was effective in developing the EFL listening skills of post basic students.
Suggested Calibration Estimators of Finite Population Total for Cluster Sample - (I)
Authors: El-Sheikh A. A. , El-Kossaly H. A. 
Published: May 2022

In survey sampling, the use of auxiliary information can greatly improve the precision of estimates of population total and/or means. Calibration estimation has developed into an important field of research in survey sampling where the auxiliary information plays an important role. In this paper, calibration estimator for cluster sampling with equal clusters have been introduced to improve variance estimator with the aid of auxiliary information and proposed the estimator of variance of calibration estimator. Six distances measures, presented the estimator of the variance of calibration approach estimators are introduced and a simulation study has been conducted to compare between the performance of calibration estimators against Horvitz-Thompson estimator using R statistical package.
Mn-Doped ZnO Nanocrystaline were Preparation, under Analysis and Elemental Application
Authors: Samanta Uttam 
Published: May 2022

Doped Zn oxide is use full to various field of material science. Nanocrystalline pure and Mn doped metal oxide (ZnO) with large amount of energy required and present in mass defect .It is also used as diluted magnetic semiconductors. pure ZnO and Mn bind in ZnO metal oxide has been synthesized with 2 mol% of Mn content by co-precipitation method I will be studied the structural, chemical and optical properties of the samples by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis. The impact of annealing on structural, optical and, it ware confirmed that the eight layered film shows high crystalline quality, having the prominent (002) peak which is the characteristic peak for the c-axis oriented wurtzite ZnO structure. Again, the morphology of the eight layered sample showed hexagonal shaped grains reflecting the basic unit cell structure. Hence, for the preparation of Mn doped ZnO films, eight layered thickness films annealed at 500°C in open air has been used. The effect of hybrid and open air annealing on the structural and optical properties has been investigated. Due to good crystallinity and enhanced photoluminescence behavior, open air annealing was carried out for the preparation of all doped ZnO nanocrystals.
Impact of Inorganic, Organic and Biological Sources of Nutrients on Growth and Yield of Rice in an Inceptisol Soil of Tamil Nadu (Navarai Season)
Authors: Kumar S. Arun , Kumari Kamini , Arivazhagan K. 
Published: May 2022

A field experiment was carried out during the Navarai season (2022) using rice variety ADT - 37 to assess the impact of inorganic, organic, and biological sources of nutrients on the growth and yield of rice in an Inceptisol soil of Tamil Nadu. The experimental soil was clay loam in texture and had a pH-8.10, EC-0.7 dSm-1, and available NPK of 186.20, 23.30, and 192.25 kg ha-1, respectively. The experiment comprised of nine treatments viz., T1 – Control, T2 - 100% RDF, T3 - 125% RDF , T4 - 100% RDF + Press mud @ 10 t ha-1 + 2% Zinc Solubilizing Bacteria, T5 – 100% RDF + Vermicompost @ 6 t ha-1 + 2% Zinc Solubilizing Bacteria, T6 – 100% RDF + Coirpith Compost @ 6 t ha-1 + 2% Zinc Solubilizing Bacteria, T7 – 125% RDF + Press mud @ 10 t ha-1 + 2% Zinc Solubilizing Bacteria, T8 – 125% RDF + Vermicompost @ 6 t ha-1 + 2% Zinc Solubilizing Bacteria, T9 – 125% RDF + Coirpith Compost @ 6 t ha-1 + 2% Zinc Solubilizing Bacteria. The results of the experiment revealed that application of 125% RDF + Vermicompost @ 6 t ha-1 + 2% Zinc Solubilizing Bacteria (T8) recorded higher values in growth and yield parameters viz., plant height (106.8 cm), Number of productive tillers hill-1 (14.5), Leaf area index (8.02), chlorophyll content (1.285 mg g-1) Number of panicles m-2 (585), Number of grains panicle-1 (227) Dry matter production (5720 kg ha-1), Grain yield (6293 kg ha-1) and Straw yield (8943 kg ha-1).
Lethal Effects of Red Macroalgal Extracts against Tobacco Cutworm, Spodoptera litura Fabricius
Authors: Priya N. Dharani , Raguraman S. , Bhuvaneswari K. , Lakshmanan A. , Kumar K. Chandra 
Published: May 2022

Aims: The purpose of the present paper was to study the toxicity of aqueous and methanol Red macro algal extracts against the cosmopolitan pest, Tobacco cutworm: Spodoptera litura Fabricius.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu.
Methodology: The bioassay was carried by treating aqueous and methanol extracts of three different Red macroalgae at 0.7, 1.00, 3.00, 5.00, 7.00 and 10.00 per cent concentration with three replications of ten larvae per treatment and the mortality data was recorded every 24 hours up to adult emergence.
Results: The aqueous and methanol extracts of three different Red macroalgae viz., Acanthophora spicifera, Gracilaria corticata and Jania rubens were used to find out their lethal effects against tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura under laboratory condition. The larval mortalities were observed for both extracts. Percentages of mortalities, after 96 hours of exposure, increased at the highest concentration of 10 per cent of A. spicifera, G. corticata and J. rubens, extracts. Respectively, 60.00, 46.66 and 26.66 per cent of larvae mortalities were observed in aqueous extracts and 40.00, 26.66 and 23.33 per cent of lethality were recorded in methanol extracts. The pre-pupal and pupal mortalities were recorded in all the concentrations showing malformations during the growth. The pupation and the adult emergence were also affected with the highest inhibition by the extracts of A. spicifera.
Conclusion: The Red macroalgae possess an insecticidal and growth inhibitory potential which can be exploited for eco-friendly management of Spodoptera litura. Further studies should be carried out to purify the active biomolecules of the tested extracts and to evaluate the effect of Red macroalgae on other lepidopteran larvae.
The Promise of AI in an Open Justice System
Authors: Pah Adam R , Schwartz David L , Sanga Sarath , Alexander Charlotte S , Hammond Kristian J , Amaral Luís A.N. ,   SCALES OKN Consortium
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo craft effective public policy, modern governments must gather and analyze data on both the performance of their public functions and the responses by the public. Federal administrative agencies such as the Patent Office and Centers for Disease Control routinely do this, as does the United States Congress. More importantly, they make such data freely accessible. Within the United States government, however, the judicial branch is a conspicuous outlier. In theory, federal court records could be used to evaluate the efficiency and fairness of the justice system. In practice, court records are effectively out of reach because they sit behind a government paywall. This financial barrier, along with an equally important myriad of technical obstacles, have forestalled the development of AI‐driven analysis that could enable a systematic understanding and evaluation of the work of the courts.The Systematic Content Analysis of Litigation EventS Open Knowledge Network (SCALES OKN) seeks to address this situation by transforming the transparency and accessibility of court records. The SCALES OKN will potentiate the development of new AI solutions that will benefit the judiciary, legal scholars, and the public. In this article, we outline some of key financial, technical, and policy challenges to developing novel AI solutions.
Enabling AI innovation via data and model sharing: An overview of the NSF Convergence Accelerator Track D
Authors: Baru Chaitanya , Pozmantier Michael , Altintas Ilkay , Baek Stephen , Cohen Jonathan , Condon Laura , Fanti Giulia , Fernandez Raul Castro , Jackson Ethan , Lall Upmanu , Landman Bennett , Li Hai Helen , Marin Claudia , Lopez Beatriz Martinez , Metaxas Dimitris , Olsen Bradley , Page Grier , Shang Jingbo , Turkan Yelda , Zhang Peng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article provides a brief overview of 18 projects funded in Track D—Data and Model Sharing to Enable AI Innovation—of the 2020 Cohort of the National Science Foundation's (NSF) Convergence Accelerator (CA) program. The NSF CA is focused on transitioning research to practice for societal impact. The projects described here were funded for one year in phase I of the program, beginning September 2020. Their focus is on delivering tools, technologies, and techniques to assist in sharing data as well as data‐driven models to enable AI innovation. A broad range of domain areas is covered by the funded efforts, spanning across healthcare and medicine, to climate change and disaster, and civil/built infrastructure. The projects are addressing sharing of open as well as sensitive/private data. In September 2021, six of the eighteen projects described here were selected for phase II of the program, as noted in this article.