bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐dimensional magnetohydrodynamic non‐Newtonian bioconvective nanofluid flow influenced by gyrotactic microorganisms over stretching sheet
Authors: Makkar Vinita , Poply Vikas , Sharma Naresh 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe current manuscript deals with MHD Casson nanofluid flow in presence of gyrotactic microorganisms and convective conditions. Initially, partial differential equations are converted into first‐order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by using similarity variables, and then these ODEs are solved by applying mathematical simulation due to the highly nonlinear behavior of resulting equations. Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg technique is employed by following the shooting method and results are symbolically calculated in MATLAB software. The motive behind solving this model is to calculate the influence of various crucial fluid parameters, namely, Casson fluid parameter β (0.1 ≤ β ≤ 0.5), magnetic parameter M (1 ≤ M ≤ 5), Biot numbers (a (0.1 ≤ a ≤ 2.1), b (1 ≤ b ≤ 9), and d (0.5 ≤ d ≤ 2.5)), Brownian motion Nb (1 ≤ Nb ≤ 21), thermophoresis Nt (1.0 ≤ Nt ≤ 3.0), Peclet number Pe (1 ≤ Pe ≤ 5), bioconvective constant σ (1 ≤ σ ≤ 5), Lewis number Le (10 ≤ Le ≤ 50), bioconvective Lewis number Lb (1 ≤ Lb ≤ 5). It is inferred that thermal Biot number enhances temperature distribution and nanoparticle concentration declines with inclination in chemical reaction.
Implementation and outcome evaluations of a multi‐site improvement program in cancer genetics
Authors: Bednar Erica M. , Harper Blake , Walsh Michael T. , Rechis Ruth , Bilbao Michelle , Carr Rebecca L. , Eppolito Amanda L. , Goedde Timothy , Levin Brooke , Mattie Kristin , Morman Nichole A. , Rath Kellie , Russ Pauline , Siettmann Jennifer M. , Warshal David , Wise Emaline , Yobbi Cara , Lu Karen H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractProgram evaluation can identify the successes and challenges of implementing clinical programs, which can inform future dissemination efforts. A cancer genetics improvement program, disseminated from the Lead Team's institution to five health systems (Participating Sites), was genetic counselor led, using virtual implementation facilitation to support Participating Sites' performance of quality improvement (QI) activities over several years. Program implementation and outcome evaluations were performed and included evaluation of program delivery and initial effects of the program on Participating Sites. A logic model guided evaluation of program implementation (inputs, activities, outputs, delivery/fidelity, and coverage/reach) and initial outcomes (short‐term and intermediate outcomes). Data were collected from program documents and an Evaluation Survey of Participating Site team members (21 respondents), compared against the Lead Team's expectations of participation, and analyzed using descriptive statistics. All program inputs, outputs, and activities were available and delivered as expected across the five Participating Sites. The most frequently used activities and inputs were facilitation‐associated meetings and meeting resources, which were rated as useful/helpful by the majority of respondents. Nearly all respondents noted improvement in short‐term outcomes following participation: 82.4% reported increased awareness of clinical processes, 94.1% increased knowledge of QI methods, 100% reported increased perceived importance of QI, 94.1% increased perceived feasibility of QI, and 76.5% reported increased problem‐solving skills and self‐efficacy to use QI at their site. Intermediate outcomes (identifying barriers, developing interventions, improved teamwork, and capacity) were achieved following program participation as indicated by the results of the program document review and Evaluation Survey responses. Implementation challenges at Participating Sites included staffing constraints, difficulties obtaining buy‐in and participation, and developing interventions over time. The multi‐site improvement program was delivered and implemented with high levels of fidelity and resulted in improved short and intermediate outcomes. Future research will evaluate long‐term, patient‐level outcomes associated with site‐specific QI interventions.
Advanced age is associated with changes in alveolar macrophages and their responses to the stress of traumatic injury
Authors: Boe Devin M , Hulsebus Holly J , Najarro Kevin M , Mullen Juliet E , Kim Hyunmin , Tan Aik Choon , McMahan Rachel H , Kovacs Elizabeth J 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlveolar macrophages (AMs) are tissue-resident cells of the lower airways that perform many homeostatic functions critical for pulmonary health and protection against pathogens. However, little is known about the factors that shape AMs during healthy aging. In these studies, we sought to characterize age-related changes in AM phenotype, function, and responses to a physiologic stressor, that is, distal injury. Age was associated with a wide range of changes in cell surface receptor and gene expression by AMs, reflecting a unique alternatively activated phenotype. AMs from aged mice also exhibited markers of cellular senescence along with down-regulation of genes involved in growth and cell cycle pathways relative to young controls. Furthermore, AMs from aged mice showed a stunted transcriptional response to distal injury compared with AMs from young mice. Many changes were found to involve glucocorticoid-regulated genes, and corticosteroid treatment of primary AMs ex vivo revealed diminished transcriptional responses in cells from aged animals. These results demonstrate that there is a complex age-dependent AM phenotype associated with dysregulated stress hormone signaling that may interfere with AM responses to physiologic stressors and could contribute to AM dysfunction and the decline of pulmonary immunity during healthy aging.
Surface‐Modified Melt Coextruded Nanofibers Enhance Blood Clotting In Vitro
Authors: Hochberg Justin D. , Wirth David M. , Pokorski Jonathan K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBlood loss causes an estimated 1.9 million deaths per year globally, making new methods to stop bleeding and promote clot formation immediately following injury paramount. The fabrication of functional hemostatic materials has the potential to save countless lives by limiting bleeding and promoting clot formation following an injury. This work describes the melt manufacturing of poly(ε‐caprolactone) nanofibers and their chemical functionalization to produce highly scalable materials with enhanced blood clotting properties. The nanofibers are manufactured using a high throughput melt coextrusion method. Once isolated, the nanofibers are functionalized with polymers that promote blood clotting through surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. The functional nanofibers described herein speed up the coagulation cascade and produce more robust blood clots, allowing for the potential use of these functional nonwoven mats as advanced bandages.
Preparation of Superabsorbent Beads via Superfast Photopolymerization and Their Characterization
Authors: Wang Grace L. , Lamont Daniel N. , Tan Susheng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the present work, a superfast and simple photopolymerization process is developed in preparing superabsorbent beads under ambient conditions. Hydrophilic monomers, N,N‐dimethylacrylamide (AM) and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) are photopolymerized in 60 s using phenylbis (2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine (BAPO) under UV/Vis light. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) confirmed the successful polymerization of both monomers. Monomer conversions, quantitatively examined with gas chromatography (GC), are over 90% for all homo‐ and copolymerizations. Water absorbance is greatly influenced by the ratio of the two monomers. With the increase of AM in the copolymers, the water absorbance increased. Copolymer beads absorbed less water at 40° than room temperature. Polymeric beads are water soluble when the AM content is equal to or above 90% by weight in the superabsorbent. Without any cross‐linkers, beads prepared with 85/15 weight ratio of AM to HEMA absorbed 84 times their weight of water.
Threading Polystyrene Stars: Impact of Star to POM‐POM and Barbwire Topology on Melt Rheological and Foaming Properties
Authors: Röpert Marie‐Christin , Goecke Anika , Wilhelm Manfred , Hirschberg Valerian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPolymer topology highly impacts rheological melt and foaming properties. Grafting sidechains onto a linear polymer typically results in shear thinning and strain hardening in elongation flow. To study the influence of an increasing number of covalently connected polystyrene (PS) starsswith a linear PS chain (Mw,PS= 90 kg mol−1), low‐disperse branched polymers withsranging from one to four are synthesized. Each star contains approximately 12 sidechains with a length ofMw,a≈ 25 kg mol−1. Oscillatory shear measurements indicated that the zero‐shear viscosityη0scales withη0 ≈ atTref= 180 °C. Moreover, uniaxial elongation rheology allows determining the strain hardening factorSHF, which varies betweenSHF= 2–135, with increasings. Foaming experiments revealed that combining viscosity reduction with the improvement of stretchability promotes higher volume expansion ratios (VER= 3.21–10.41) and the formation of larger cells (D= 4.8–14.8 µm).
Comparative analysis of Listeria monocytogenes plasmid transcriptomes reveals common and plasmid‐specific gene expression patterns and high expression of noncoding RNAs
Authors: Anast Justin M. , Etter Andrea J. , Schmitz‐Esser Stephan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecent research demonstrated that some Listeria monocytogenes plasmids contribute to stress survival. However, only a few studies have analyzed gene expression patterns of L. monocytogenes plasmids. In this study, we identified four previously published stress‐response‐associated transcriptomic data sets which studied plasmid‐harboring L. monocytogenes strains but did not include an analysis of the plasmid transcriptomes. The four transcriptome data sets encompass three distinct plasmids from three different L. monocytogenes strains. Differential gene expression analysis of these plasmids revealed that the number of differentially expressed (DE) L. monocytogenes plasmid genes ranged from 30 to 45 with log2 fold changes of −2.2 to 6.8, depending on the plasmid. Genes often found to be DE included the cadmium resistance genes cadA and cadC, a gene encoding a putative NADH peroxidase, the putative ultraviolet resistance gene uvrX, and several uncharacterized noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). Plasmid‐encoded ncRNAs were consistently among the highest expressed genes. In addition, one of the data sets utilized the same experimental conditions for two different strains harboring distinct plasmids. We found that the gene expression patterns of these two L. monocytogenes plasmids were highly divergent despite the identical treatments. These data suggest plasmid‐specific gene expression responses to environmental stimuli and differential plasmid regulation mechanisms between L. monocytogenes strains. Our findings further our understanding of the dynamic expression of L. monocytogenes plasmid‐encoded genes in diverse environmental conditions and highlight the need to expand the study of L. monocytogenes plasmid genes' functions.
Isolation of extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase‐producing Escherichia coli from Japanese red fox (Vulpes vulpes japonica)
Authors: Asai Tetsuo , Sugiyama Michiyo , Omatsu Tsutomu , Yoshikawa Masato , Minamoto Toshifumi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance is a global concern requiring a one‐health approach. Given wild animals can harbor antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria (ARB), we investigated their presence in 11 fecal samples from wild animals using deoxycholate hydrogen sulfide lactose agar with or without cefotaxime (CTX, 1 mg/L). Thus, we isolated CTX‐resistant Escherichia coli from two Japanese red fox fecal samples. One strain was O83:H42‐ST1485‐fimH58 CTX‐M‐55‐producing E. coli carrying the genes aph(3″)‐Ib, aph(3′)‐Ia, aph(6)‐Id, mdf(A), sitABCD, sul2, tet(A), and tet(B), whereas the other was O25:H4‐ST131‐fimH30 CTX‐M‐14‐producing E. coli carrying mdf(A) and sitABCD and showing fluoroquinolone resistance. Thus, the presence of extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase producers in wild foxes suggests a spillover of ARB from human activities to these wild animals.
Metabolomics‐based classification reveals subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hou Guojun , Ding Dongyang , Tian Tao , Dong Wei , Sun Dapeng , Liu Gang , Yang Yuan , Zhou Weiping 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer‐related death, and the prognosis varies due to its high heterogeneity, systematic evaluation of HCC is mainly based on genomic and transcriptomic features, metabolomics‐based classification has yet to be reported. Here we performed RNA‐seq on 50 paired samples and metabolomics analysis on 72 paired samples of both normal and tumor tissues from HCC patients. Through unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis with train and test data sets, metabolic and gene expression signatures were identified. We found that most fluxes related to glutamate are attenuated, except for the glutamate‐proline pathway. Three subgroups were identified with distinct survival, clinical observations, and metabolic/gene signatures. S1 is characterized by a relatively poor prognosis, a low concentration of the degradation products of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, an enrichment of specific genes related to focal adhesion, and an upregulation of genes on chromosome 6q27. Beyond commonly downregulated metabolites, S2 tumors are largely characterized by few alterations in metabolites and genes, as well as low incidence of mutations/loss of heterozygosity, the metabolite signature of this group consists of hexoses and their phosphates, and the prognosis is the best, with a 5‐year survival rate of greater than 80%. S3 is characterized by the worst survival (an approximately 20% 5‐year survival rate), unsaturated fatty acid metabolites, an upregulation of specific genes involved in metastasis, and an upregulation of genes on chromosome 1q21. The metabolite‐based classifications are more stable and reproducible, with each subgroup characterized by a distinct molecular signature and disease prognosis.
Automatic generation of retinal optical coherence tomography images based on generative adversarial networks
Authors: Zhao Mengmeng , Lu Zhenzhen , Zhu Shuyuan , Wang Xiaobing , Feng Jihong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSignificanceThe automatic generation algorithm of optical coherence tomography (OCT) images based on generative adversarial networks (GAN) can generate a large number of simulation images by a relatively small number of real images, which can effectively improve the classification performance.AimWe proposed an automatic generation algorithm for retinal OCT images based on GAN to alleviate the problem of insufficient images with high quality in deep learning, and put the diagnosis algorithm toward clinical application.ApproachWe designed a generation network based on GAN and trained the network with a data set constructed by 2014_BOE_Srinivasan and OCT2017 to acquire three models. Then, we generated a large number of images by the three models to augment age‐related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic macular edema (DME), and normal images. We evaluated the generated images by subjective visual observation, Fréchet inception distance (FID) scores, and a classification experiment.ResultsVisual observation shows that the generated images have clear and similar features compared with the real images. Also, the lesion regions containing similar features in the real image and the generated image are randomly distributed in the image field of view. When the FID scores of the three types of generated images are lowest, three local optimal models are obtained for AMD, DME, and normal images, indicating the generated images have high quality and diversity. Moreover, the classification experiment results show that the model performance trained with the mixed images is better than that of the model trained with real images, in which the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity are improved by 5.56%, 8.89%, and 2.22%. In addition, compared with the generation method based on variational auto‐encoder (VAE), the method improved the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity by 1.97%, 2.97%, and 0.99%, for the same test set.ConclusionsThe results show that our method can augment the three kinds of OCT images, not only effectively alleviating the problem of insufficient images with high quality but also improving the diagnosis performance.
On phosphorus chemical shift anisotropy in metal (IV) phosphates and phosphonates: A 31P NMR experimental study
Authors: Bakhmutov Vladimir I. , Contreras‐Ramirez Aida , Drake Hannah , Zhou Hong‐Cai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe phosphorus chemical shift anisotropies, 31PΔcs, and asymmetry parameters η were measured by the 31P{1H} NMR experiments in static and low‐frequency spinning samples of the zirconium phosphates and phosphonates and also in the mixed Zr (IV)/Sn (IV) phosphate/phosphonate material. The data obtained have shown a 111 connectivity in the HPO4 and PO3 groups, which does not change at modification and intercalation of the materials. The 31PΔcs values of the phosphonate groups (43–49 ppm) significantly surpass the values characterizing the HPO4 groups (23–37 ppm). The 31P Δcs values obtained for the metal (IV) phosphates were discussed in terms of P‐O distances. The 31P chemical shift anisotropy parameters can help at elucidation of local structures in phosphate and phosphonate materials.
Registration and quantification network (RQnet) for IVIM‐DKI analysis in MRI
Authors: Lee Wonil , Choi Giyong , Lee Jongyeon , Park HyunWook 
Published: September 2022

PurposeA deep learning method is proposed for aligning diffusion weighted images (DWIs) and estimating intravoxel incoherent motion–diffusion kurtosis imaging parameters simultaneously.MethodsWe propose an unsupervised deep learning method that performs 2 tasks: registration and quantification for intravoxel incoherent motion–diffusion kurtosis imaging analysis. A common registration method in diffusion MRI is based on minimizing dissimilarity between various DWIs, which may result in registration errors due to different contrasts in different DWIs.We designed a novel unsupervised deep learning method for both accurate registration and quantification of various diffusion parameters. In order to generate motion‐simulated training data and test data, 17 volunteers were scanned without moving their heads, and 4 volunteers moved their heads during the scan in a 3 Tesla MRI. In order to investigate the applicability of the proposed method to other organs, kidney images were also obtained. We compared the registration accuracy of the proposed method, statistical parametric mapping, and a deep learning method with a normalized cross‐correlation loss. In the quantification part of the proposed method, a deep learning method that considered the diffusion gradient direction was used.ResultsSimulations and experimental results showed that the proposed method accurately performed registration and quantification for intravoxel incoherent motion–diffusion kurtosis imaging analysis. The registration accuracy of the proposed method was high for allbvalues. Furthermore, quantification performance was analyzed through simulations and in vivo experiments, where the proposed method showed the best performance among the compared methods.ConclusionThe proposed method aligns the DWIs and accurately quantifies the intravoxel incoherent motion–diffusion kurtosis imaging parameters.
Convergence and superconvergence analysis for nonlinear delay reaction–diffusion system with nonconforming finite element
Authors: Peng Shanshan , Li Meng , Zhao Yanmin , Wang Fenling , Shi Yanhua 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this article, we propose and analyze several numerical methods for the nonlinear delay reaction–diffusion system with smooth and nonsmooth solutions, by using Quasi‐Wilson nonconforming finite element methods in space and finite difference methods (including uniform and nonuniform L1 and L2‐1σ schemes) in time. The optimal convergence results in the senses of L2‐norm and broken H1‐norm, and H1‐norm superclose results are derived by virtue of two types of fractional Grönwall inequalities. Then, the interpolation postprocessing technique is used to establish the superconvergence results. Moreover, to improve computational efficiency, fast algorithms by using sum‐of‐exponential technique are built for above proposed numerical schemes. Finally, we present some numerical experiments to confirm the theoretical correctness and show the effectiveness of the fast algorithms.
One facile route to prepare high‐strength natural rubber through a green cardanol modification technology
Authors: Yu Yao , Zhang Junyi , Wang Hongzhen , Xin Zhenxiang , Zhang Xuequan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA new modification strategy of natural rubber (NR) with high efficiency and environmental protection is proposed to get a high‐strength natural rubber (HSNR) by wetly modifying the natural latex with cardanol emulsified by emulsifier fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate (AES) first and then short‐term high‐temperature treatment. The obtained HSNR was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and thermogravimetric analysis. Moreover, the influences of the amount of cardanol on the crystallization behavior, processability, and physicomechanical properties were also studied. The results indicated that HSNR has a higher molecular weight, gel content, Mooney viscosity, initial plastic value, and elastic modulus, exhibiting good thermal stability and high glass transition temperature. Markedly, HSNR vulcanizates had excellent mechanical strength and thermo‐oxidative aging resistance when the optimum dosage of cardanol was 1 phr. Further discussion revealed that cardanol could effectively modify NR and enhance comprehensive properties by promoting the crosslinking of molecular chains of NR and introducing phenol, which contributed to the potential value in the application field of replacing ribbed smoked sheets.
Imaging of pediatric pulmonary tumors: A COG Diagnostic Imaging Committee/SPR Oncology Committee White Paper
Authors: Thacker Paul G. , Iyer Ramesh S. , Pace Erika , States Lisa J. , Guillerman R. Paul 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPediatric pulmonary malignancy can be primary or metastatic, with the latter being by far the more common. With a few exceptions, there are no well‐established evidence‐based guidelines for imaging pediatric pulmonary malignancies, although computed tomography (CT) is used in almost all cases. The aim of this article is to provide general imaging guidelines for pediatric pulmonary malignancies, including minimum standards for cross‐sectional imaging techniques and specific imaging recommendations for select entities.