bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Market and regulatory frameworks for operational security in decarbonizing electricity systems: from physics to economics
Authors: Billimoria Farhad , Mancarella Pierluigi , Poudineh Rahmat 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Grid integration of low-carbon resources comes with new, significant technical challenges for keeping a power system secure. Given a multitude of grid services with varying interactions and risks, the economics of power system security are similarly, if not more, complex. In this paper, we discuss the fundamental relationship between the physical and economic aspects of power system security in low-carbon grids. Specifically, we formulate a physics-informed approach for classifying power system security products and services. The approach yields two critical findings. First, we show that these services, rather than being a homogenous set of public goods, are more preferably regarded as a set of products/services (basket of goods) that have both public and private characteristics. Second, the framework reveals that many new system services are consistent with a common pool resource characterization. This implies an enhanced role for more localized network planning and co-ordination of access and service provision.
Genomic variation in the Black-throated Green Warbler (Setophaga virens) suggests divergence in a disjunct Atlantic Coastal Plain population (S. v. waynei)
Authors: Carpenter John P , Worm Alexander J , Boves Than J , Wood Andrew W , Poston Joseph P , Toews David P L 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe used whole-genome resequencing to estimate genetic distinctiveness in the Black-throated Green Warbler (Setophaga virens)—including S. v. waynei—a putative subspecies that occupies a narrow disjunct breeding range along the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Despite detecting low-global differentiation (FST = 0.027) across the entire species, the principal components analysis of genome-wide differences shows the main axis of variation separates S. v. waynei from all other S. v. virens samples. We also estimated a low-migration rate for S. v. waynei, but found them to be most similar to another disjunct population from the Piedmont of North Carolina, and detected evidence of a historical north-to-south geographic dispersal among the entire species. New World wood warblers (family: Parulidae) can exhibit strong phenotypic differences among species, particularly, in song and plumage; however, within-species variation in these warblers—often designated as subspecies—is much more subtle. The existence of several isolated Black-throated Green Warbler populations across its eastern North American breeding range offers an excellent opportunity to further understand the origin, maintenance, and conservation status of subspecific populations. Our results, combined with previously documented ecological and morphological distinctiveness, support that S. v. waynei be considered a distinct and recognized subspecies worthy of targeted conservation efforts.
Improvement of Osteoporosis in Rats With Hind-Limb Unloading Treated With Pulsed Electromagnetic Field and Whole-Body Vibration
Authors: Liu Xifang , Gao Xiaohang , Tong Jie , Yu Liyin , Xu Minglong , Zhang Jianbao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivePhysical factors have been used to address disuse osteoporosis, but their effects and mechanism remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) and whole-body vibration (WBV) on disuse osteoporosis to increase knowledge about treating osteoporosis.MethodsA disuse osteoporosis rat model was developed by hind-limb unloading (HU) for 6 weeks. Forty 4-month-old female Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups and given the following interventions: HU, HU treated with PEMF (HUP), HU treated with WBV (HUW), HU treated with both PEMF and WBV (HUPW), and no intervention (controls). After 8 weeks of intervention, measurements were taken.ResultsHU induced a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD), whereas HUP, HUW, and HUPW increased it. Moreover, the bone resorption markers tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and C-terminal peptide of type 1 collagen in the HU group significantly increased, whereas the osteogenesis markers osteocalcin and N-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen significantly decreased. The markers osteocalcin and N-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen significantly increased, but TRAP and C-terminal peptide of type 1 collagen significantly decreased in the HUPW, HUP, and HUW groups compared with the HU group. In particular, HUPW effectively increased osteocalcin and decreased TRAP compared with HUP and WBV. Microcomputed tomography analysis of the femur indicated that HUPW improved trabecular number, bone volume over total volume, bone surface over bone volume, trabecular separation, and the structure model index compared with HUP and that it improved bone surface over bone volume, trabecular separation, and structure model index compared with HUW. The HUPW group showed a significant increase in maximum load compared with the HUW group and a significant increase in elastic modulus compared with the HUP group.ConclusionPEMF, WBV, and their combination all attenuated bone resorption and enhanced osteogenesis. WBV and the combination of treatments have great potential to improve osteogenesis compared with PEMF. In addition, HUPW significantly attenuated bone resorption compared with HUW and HUP.ImpactThe results of this study indicated that HUPW could effectively improve disuse osteoporosis compared with HUP, given that trabecular number and bone volume over total volume are associated with disuse osteoporosis. Moreover, BMD recovered well with HUP, HUW, and HUPW but the bone structure—especially mechanical performance—did not, indicating that osteoporosis should be evaluated with BMD and mechanical performance, not with BMD in isolation.
Down syndrome: orofacial pain, masticatory muscle hypotonia, and sleep disorders
Authors: Dicieri-Pereira Bruna , Gomes Monica Fernandes , Giannasi Lilian Chrystiane , Nacif Sérgio Roberto , Oliveira Ezequiel Fernandes , Salgado Miguel Angel Castillo , de Oliveira Amorim José Benedito , Oliveira Wagner , Bressane Adriano , de Mello Rode Sigmar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate orofacial pain in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) and determine possible associations with masticatory muscle hypotonia (MMH), maximum mouth opening (MMO), and sleep disorders. Twenty-three individuals with DS underwent a standardized clinical examination using Axis I of the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders, for the diagnosis of pain in the masseter and temporal muscles and temporomandibular joint (TMJ). MMH was investigated using electromyography of the temporal and masseter muscles and the measurement of maximum bite force (MBF). MMO was measured using an analog caliper. Sleep disorders (obstructive sleep apnea [OSA], snoring index [SI], and sleep bruxism index [SBI]) were investigated using type II polysomnography. Statistical analysis was performed. Nonsignificant differences were found in muscle and TMJ pain between the sexes. However, myalgia and referred myofascial pain in the left masseter muscle were more frequent in males (69%) than females (40%). Electrical activity of the temporal (left: p = .002; right: p = .004) and masseter (left: p = .008) muscles was significantly lower in males than in females. MBF range was lower in males than females, indicating the highest MMH among males. OSA, SI, and SBI were identified in both sexes, but with no statistically significant differences. We concluded that myalgia and referred myofascial pain were found in some individuals with DS, especially in males. Arthralgia was found mainly in females. Temporal and masseter myalgia may have exerted an influence on the severity of MMH in males, particularly on the left side.
Gastrointestinal parasites diagnoses at the primary health care units: a comparative analysis of diagnostic abilities of parasitology staff technicians versus medical parasitologists in Ismailia, Egypt
Authors: Ali Ahmed Shahira Abdelaziz , Mohamed Samar Farag , Fouad Ahmed Mahmoud , Karanis Panagiotis 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
This study aims to compare parasitology technicians (ParaTechs) with medical staff parasitologists (MedParas) in terms of diagnostic ability and to assess the actual occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in selected faecal samples from primary health care units (PHCUs).

Methods
The study included five PHCU ParaTechs in the El-Kassassin rural area, evaluated using a scoring system for their knowledge, skills, practices and parasitology laboratory facilities. Seventy-five faecal samples previously examined for ova and parasites by ParaTechs were chosen for re-evaluation by MedParas.

Results
The most deficient ParaTechs-related factor was the parasitological knowledge, which scored 23.9% of the maximum score, while ParaTechs had acceptable levels of skills and practices, scored 60% and 61%, respectively. Compared with MedParas, false positive ParaTech diagnoses made up 8.8% of all negative samples, while false negative diagnoses made up 85.4% of all positive samples. ParaTechs underestimated the count or misidentified the type of parasites in one-third of the true positive samples. The overall rate of misdiagnosis among ParaTechs was 53.3% of all samples.

Conclusions
Regular ParaTech training, including culture and staining at parasitology labs, and collaboration between the Ministry of Health and Population and academic institutions are essential to increase ParaTechs diagnostic abilities.
Transcription factor E3 renal cell carcinoma presenting as secondary hypertension
Authors: Mukendi Alain Mwamba , Mataruka Gerald Tatenda , Nadimpalli Ramesh , Kasapato Tshisola Miji 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor family (transcription factor E3 or transcription factor EB) translocation renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) are rare neoplasms. These renal neoplasms can be either asymptomatic and incidentally discovered on imaging or symptomatic, with the most common presenting symptoms being hematuria, pain, and abdominal mass, or paraneoplastic event. In conventional RCCs, hypertension is considered a risk factor and a possible paraneoplastic event, whereas, in translocation RCCs, prior exposure to cytotoxic chemotherapy is the only known risk factor, and hypertension as an isolated associated paraneoplastic event has never been reported. Interestingly, hypertension as the only presenting symptom in RCC is extremely rare. We report a case of transcription factor E3 positive RCC in a young adult presenting only with hypertension that normalized after radical nephrectomy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of hypertension secondary to microphthalmia-associated transcription translocation RCC.
Mesenteric panniculitis, a rare entity presenting as (sub)acute intestinal obstruction: a case report
Authors: Paudyal Nabin , Shrestha Bijaya , Yadav Deepak 
Published: July 2022

Mesenteric panniculitis (MP) is a rare condition. A few literatures have been published reporting MP. No prior case reports have been published from Nepal. We report 1 such case of MP mimicking an intestinal obstruction at our Center. A 79-year-old lady presented with complaints of diffuse abdominal pain associated with vomiting. X-ray abdomen showed multiple thickened and dilated small bowel loops. Ultrasound of the abdomen revealed prominent small bowel loops with sluggish peristalsis. A provisional diagnosis of intestinal obstruction was made. A contrast-enhanced computerized scan of the abdomen-pelvis showed diffuse, heterogeneous mesenteric fat stranding. She was started on oral prednisolone (40 mg once daily) and discharged on the fourth day. Her follow-up 2 weeks later was uneventful. The steroid was tapered gradually over the next week. With a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, MP often poses diagnostic challenges to physicians. Lack of awareness of the disease may be associated with an increased disease burden to patients. MP should also be considered as a differential diagnosis when features of bowel obstruction are present.
Tumor response-speed heterogeneity as a novel prognostic factor in patients with mCRC
Authors: Liu Junjia , Wang Xuefeng , Sahin Ibrahim H. , Imanirad Iman , Felder Seth I. , Kim Richard D. , Xie Hao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeDifferential tumor response to therapy is partially attributed to tumor heterogeneity. Additional efforts are needed to identify tumor heterogeneity parameters in response to therapy that are easily applicable in clinical practice. We aimed to describe tumor response-speed heterogeneity and evaluate its prognostic value in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).Patients and MethodsIndividual patient data from Amgen (NCT00364013) and Sanofi (NCT00305188; NCT00272051) trials were retrieved from Project Data Sphere. Patients in the Amgen 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) arm were used to establish response-speed heterogeneity. Its prognostic value was subsequently validated in the Sanofi FOLFOX arms and the Amgen panitumumab + FOLFOX arm. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models were used for survival analyses.ResultsPatients with high response-speed heterogeneity in the Amgen FOLFOX cohort had significantly shorter (P<0.001) median progression-free survival (PFS) of 7.27 months (95%CI 6.12–7.96 months) and overall survival (OS) of 16.0 months (95%CI 13.8–18.2 months) than patients with low response-speed heterogeneity with median PFS of 9.41 months (95%CI 8.75– 10.89 months) and OS of 22.4 months (95%CI 20.1–26.7 months), respectively. Tumor response-speed heterogeneity was a poor prognostic factor of shorter PFS (HR 4.17, 95%CI 2.49–6.99, P<0.001) and shorter OS (HR 2.57, 95%CI 1.64–4.01, P<0.001), after adjustment for other common prognostic factors. Comparable findings were found in the external validation cohorts.ConclusionTumor response-speed heterogeneity to first-line chemotherapy was a novel prognostic factor associated with early disease progression and shorter survival in patients with mCRC.Implications for PracticeRoutine clinical decision making heavily relies on radiographic assessment of disease response to therapy. For patients with heterogeneous tumors, the degree and kinetics of individual tumor response to the same therapy can sometimes be vastly different. We explored a novel quantitative parameter to describe response-speed heterogeneity by utilizing individual patient data from previous clinical trials. This parameter was an independent prognostic factor associated with early disease progression and shorter survival. Complementary to existing molecular and radiographic tumor heterogeneity parameters, it may help practicing oncologists describe tumor response disparity and serve as a new prognostic factor for patients with mCRC.
Efficacy of a patient isolation hood in reducing exposure to airborne infectious virus in a simulated healthcare setting
Authors: Lee Leo Yi Yang , Landry Shane A , Jamriska Milan , Subedi Dinesh , Joosten Simon A , Barr Jeremy J , Brown Reece , Kevin Kevin , Schofield Robyn , Monty Jason , Subbarao Kanta , McGain Forbes 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundHealthcare workers treating patients with SARS-CoV-2 are at risk of infection from patient-emitted virus-laden aerosols. We quantified the reduction of airborne infectious virus in a simulated hospital room when a ventilated patient isolation (McMonty) hood was in use.MethodsWe nebulised 109plaque forming units (PFU) of bacteriophage PhiX174 virus into a 35.1m3room with a hood active or inactive. The airborne concentration of infectious virus was measured by BioSpot-VIVAS and settle plates using plaque assay quantification on the bacterial hostEscherichia coli C. The particle number concentration (PNC) was monitored continuously using an optical particle sizer.ResultsMedian airborne viral concentration in the room reached 1.41 × 105PFU.m-3with the hood inactive. Using the active hood as source containment reduced infectious virus concentration by 374-fold in air samples. This was associated with a 109-fold reduction in total airborne particle number escape rate. The deposition of infectious virus on the surface of settle plates was reduced by 87-fold.ConclusionsThe isolation hood significantly reduced airborne infectious virus exposure in a simulated hospital room. Our findings support the use of the hood to limit exposure of healthcare workers to airborne virus in clinical environments.Lay summaryCOVID-19 patients exhale aerosol particles which can potentially carry infectious viruses into the hospital environment, putting healthcare workers at risk of infection. This risk can be reduced by proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) to protect workers from virus exposure. More effective strategies, however, aim to provide source control, reducing the amount of virus-contaminated air that is exhaled into the hospital room.The McMonty isolation hood has been developed to trap and decontaminate the air around an infected patient. We tested the efficacy of the hood using a live virus model to mimic a COVID-19 patient in a hospital room. Using the McMonty hood reduced the amount of exhaled air particles in the room by over 109-times. In our tests, people working in the room were exposed to 374-times less infectious virus in the air, and room surfaces were 87-times less contaminated. Our study supports using devices like the McMonty hood in combination with PPE to keep healthcare workers safe from virus exposure at work.
The COVID-19 pandemic impact on continuity of care provision on rare brain diseases and on Ataxia, Dystonia and PKU. A scoping review protocol
Authors: Cannizzo Sara , Quoidbach Vinciane , Giunti Paola , Oertel Wolfgang , Pastores Gregory , Relja Maja , Turchetti Giuseppe 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOne of the most relevant challenges for healthcare providers during the COVID – 19 pandemic has been assuring the continuity of care to patients with complex health needs such as people living with rare diseases (RDs). The COVID–19 pandemic accelerated the healthcare sector’s digital transformation agenda. The delivery of telemedicine services instead of many face-to-face procedures has been expanded and, many healthcare services not directly related to COVID-19 treatments shifted online remotely. Many hospitals, specialist centres, patients and families started to use telemedicine because they were forced to. This trend could directly represent a good practice on how care services could be organized and continuity of care could be ensured for patients. If done properly, it could boast improved patient outcomes and become a post COVID-19 major shift in the care paradigm. There is a fragmented stakeholders spectrum, as many questions arise on: how is e-health interacting with ‘traditional’ healthcare providers; about the role of the European Reference Networks (ERNs); if can remote care retain a human touch and stay patient centric. Here, we outline a protocol for a scoping review that investigates this topic, focusing on continuity of care and novel methods (e.g., digital approaches) used to reduce the care disruption. This scoping review protocol was designed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) standards and will culminate in a narrative synthesis of evidence.
The association between dysnatraemia during hospitalisation and post COVID-19 mental fatigue
Authors: Salvato Gerardo , Inglese Elvira , Fazia Teresa , Crottini Francesco , Crotti Daniele , Valentini Federica , Palmas Giulio , Bollani Alessandra , Basilico Stefania , Gandola Martina , Gelosa Giorgio , Gentilini Davide , Bernardinelli Luisa , Stracciari Andrea , Scaglione Francesco , Agostoni Elio Clemente , Bottini Gabriella 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may induce short- and long-term cognitive failures after recovery, but the underlying risk factors are still a matter of debate. Identifying patients at the highest risk is now a research priority to prevent persistent symptoms after recovery. In this study, we investigated whether: (i) the odds of experiencing persistent cognitive failures may differ based on the patients’ disease course severity and sex; (ii) the patients’ electrolytic profile at the acute stage may represent a risk factor for persistent cognitive failures.MethodsWe analysed data from 204 patients suffering from COVID-19 and hospitalised during the first pandemic wave. According to the 7-point WHO-OS Scale, their disease course was classified as severe (if the patient needed ventilation) or mild (if they did not). We investigated the presence of persistent cognitive failures using a modified version of the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire, collected after hospital discharge, while electrolyte profiles were collected during hospitalisation. We explored our hypotheses via logistic regression models.ResultsFemales who suffered from mild COVID-19 were more likely to report mental fatigue than those with severe COVID-19 (β= 0.29, 95%CI [0.06; 0.53], p= 0.01). Furthermore, they present a statistically significant risk effect of Na+ alteration at the acute phase on the odds of presenting persistent mental fatigue (β= 0.37, 95%CI [0.09; 0.64], p= 0.01).InterpretationThese findings have important implications for the clinical management of COVID-19 hospitalised patients. Attention should be paid to potential electrolyte imbalances, mainly in females suffering from mild COVID-19.Key PointsQuestionDo disease severity and sex predict the risk of persistent cognitive failures in COVID-19 hospitalised survivors? Does electrolytic imbalance at the acute phase represent a risk factor for persistent cognitive failures after recovery?FindingsFemales who suffered from mild compared to severe COVID-19 had a higher risk of presenting persistent mental fatigue. In this group, dysnatraemia at the acute stage represented a significant risk factor on the odds of showing such a persistent cognitive failure after recovery.MeaningSodium levels must be monitored and balanced during hospitalisation of females affected by mild COVID-19 to prevent mental fatigue among the possible short- and long-term effects.