bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear cascade control of an electro‐hydraulic actuator with large payload variation
Authors: Wang Yunfei , Zhao Jiyun , Ding Haigang , Zhang He 
Published: January 2022

AbstractElectro‐hydraulic actuators have been widely used in industrial production, but the unknown variable payload seriously affects its position control accuracy. Therefore, a radial basis function neural network disturbance observer is designed to estimate the lumped disturbance force through strong online learning ability in the absence of force sensor. Besides, a nonlinear cascade controller with double loop structure is proposed in this paper. A global fast terminal sliding mode control method is firstly applied in the outer loop position system, which can eliminate chattering and improve convergence speed comparing to traditional sliding mode control. The inner loop force system adopts a backstepping control method to calculate the actual input of the whole system. Theoretical analysis indicates that the proposed controller is stable even if existing time‐variant disturbance. Moreover, three comparative controllers are designed and tested in both simulations and experiments. Comparative results show that the developed method has absolute average errors of 1.14 and 0.49 mm in different position tracking, which means more satisfactory tracking performance compared to the contrast controllers.
Role of membrane structure on the filtrate flux during monoclonal antibody filtration through virus retentive membranes
Authors: Billups Matthew , Minervini Mirko , Holstein Melissa , Feroz Hasin , Ranjan Swarnim , Hung Jessica , Bao Haiying , Li Zheng Jian , Ghose Sanchayita , Zydney Andrew L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractVirus removal filtration is a critical step in the manufacture of monoclonal antibody products, providing a robust size‐based removal of both enveloped and non‐enveloped viruses. Many monoclonal antibodies show very large reductions in filtrate flux during virus filtration, with the mechanisms governing this behavior and its dependence on the properties of the virus filter and antibody remaining largely unknown. Experiments were performed using the highly asymmetric Viresolve® Pro and the relatively homogeneous Pegasus™ SV4 virus filters using a highly purified monoclonal antibody. The filtrate flux for a 4 g/L antibody solution through the Viresolve® Pro decreased by about 10‐fold when the filter was oriented with the skin side down but by more than 1000‐fold when the asymmetric filter orientation was reversed and used with the skin side up. The very large flux decline observed with the skin side up could be eliminated by placing a large pore size prefilter directly on top of the virus filter; this improvement in filtrate flux was not seen when the prefilter was used inline or as a batch prefiltration step. The increase in flux due to the prefilter was not related to the removal of large protein aggregates or to an alteration in the extent of concentration polarization. Instead, the prefilter appears to transiently disrupt reversible associations of the antibodies caused by strong intermolecular attractions. These results provide important insights into the role of membrane morphology and antibody properties on the filtrate flux during virus filtration.
Leaf and Flower Extracts of Six Michelia L.: Polyphenolic Composition, Antioxidant, Antibacterial Activities and in Vitro Inhibition of α‐Amylase and α‐Glucosidase
Authors: Liao Tianzhu , Cao Jiwu , Yang Zhenyu , Cheng Jing , Lu Jun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMethanolic extracts of the leaf and flower of Michelia L., an evergreen aromatic genus widely used in landscaping, industry and medicine of various countries, were analyzed. The UPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS analysis led to the identification of 28 polyphenols from six Michelia species that widely distributed and cultivated in southern China, among which quinic acid and chlorogenic acid were the main components. The flower extract of Michelia maudiae had the most abundant polyphenols content, as well as high contents of total phenolic (117.31±7.26 mg GAE/g DW) and total flavonoid (251.60±15.56 mg CE/g DW). Meanwhile, it also showed outstanding performance in three antioxidant indexes of DPPH, ABTS and FRAP. The leaf extracts of Michelia chapensis and Michelia floribunda exhibited excellent inhibition against four pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, certain inhibitory activities were displayed by Michelia macclurei extracts against α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase. This study explored the biological activities of six Michelia species, and provided reference for variety selection with the aim of designing novel phyto‐pharmaceuticals.
Chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention in prior coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients: Caveat Emptor!
Authors: Simsek Bahadir , Brilakis Emmanouil S. 
Published: January 2022

Key Points
Stable angina patients with prior coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) who underwent chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention (CTO PCI) in England and Wales between 2007 and 2014 had more complex clinical and angiographic characteristics, lower success, similar incidence of periprocedural complications, and higher mortality at follow‐up compared with patients who had not had prior CABG.
After adjustment, CTO PCI in prior CABG patients was associated with 66% lower success rates, but similar risk of periprocedural complications and mortality at follow‐up.
CTO PCI in prior CABG patients can be very challenging, is subject to unique complications and risks, and should be undertaken with caution by experienced operators.
One‐Pot Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of Highly Functionalized Pyrazole Derivatives
Authors: Lusardi Matteo , Rotolo Chiara , Ponassi Marco , Iervasi Erika , Rosano Camillo , Spallarossa Andrea 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA series of highly functionalized pyrazole derivatives has been prepared by a one‐pot, versatile and regioselective procedure. Pyrazoles 1–29 were tested in cell‐based assay to assess their antiproliferative activity against a panel of tumour cells. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of prepared compounds was evaluated against normal human fibroblasts. The antiproliferative activity of the synthesized molecules emerged to be affected by the nature of the substituents of the pyrazole scaffold and derivatives 21–23 proved to inhibit the growth of melanoma and cervical cancer cells. Compound 23 was identified as the most active derivative and docking simulations predicted its ability to interact with estrogen receptors.
Relative Bioavailability and Food Effect of GSK3640254 Tablet and Capsule Formulations in Healthy Participants
Authors: Johnson Mark , Pene Dumitrescu Teodora , Joshi Samit R. , Mathew Ashwin , Bainbridge Veronica , Zhan Joyce , Lataillade Max 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGSK3640254 is a next‐generation maturation inhibitor with demonstrated potency across HIV‐1 subtypes and a high barrier to emergent resistance. This phase I, 2‐part, randomized, open‐label study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT04263142) in healthy participants assessed the relative bioavailability of a single dose of GSK3640254 200 mg in tablet and capsule formulations (part 1) and the effect of food on the pharmacokinetic profile of the tablet formulation (part 2). Overall, 39 participants were randomized to treatment (part 1, n = 18; part 2, n = 21). All participants in part 1 completed the study; 2 participants in part 2 withdrew before study completion (adverse event, n = 1; physician decision, n = 1). In part 1, plasma exposures of the GSK3640254 tablet formulation were not meaningfully different from those of the capsule formulation when administered in the presence of a moderate‐fat meal. In part 2, GSK3640254 plasma exposures increased by ≈3‐ to 4‐fold under high‐ and moderate‐fat conditions, respectively, compared with fasted conditions. No major safety or tolerability findings were observed. The highest incidence of adverse events (24%) was reported under high‐fat conditions. Taken together, these data support the use of the tablet formulation coadministered with food in the clinical development of GSK3640254 for treatment of HIV‐1.
When a pest is not a pest: Birds indirectly increase defoliation but have no effect on yield of soybean crops
Authors: Garfinkel Megan B. , Fuka Mark E. , Minor Emily , Whelan Christopher J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNatural habitats near agricultural systems can be sources of both ecosystem services and disservices on farms. Ecosystem disservices, those aspects of an ecosystem that have negative impacts on humans, may disproportionately affect conservation decisions made by farmers. Birds, in particular, can have complex effects on crops, ranging from positive to neutral to negative. Therefore, it is important to quantify them in a meaningful way. Birds may be more abundant on farms near natural areas and may provide ecosystem services by consuming insect pests. However, when birds consume beneficial predatory arthropods rather than pest species (intraguild predation), they can provide a disservice to the farmer if the intraguild predation decreases crop yield. We studied bird intraguild predation in Illinois (USA) at six soybean fields adjacent to grasslands that provided source habitat for bird populations. We placed cages over soybean crops, which excluded birds but allowed access to arthropods, and measured differences in leaf damage and crop yield of plants in control and exclosure plots. We also conducted point counts at each site to quantify the bird communities. We found that plants within the bird exclosures had lower levels of leaf damage by pests than those in control plots, but there was no resulting effect on crop yield. We also found that sites with higher bird abundance had higher levels of leaf damage by pests, but bird species richness was not a significant predictor of leaf damage. These results suggest that although birds may have released pests through intraguild predation, there was no net disservice when considering crop yield, the variable most important to stakeholders.
Socio‐economic status and 1 year mortality among patients hospitalized for heart failure in China
Authors: Ge Yilan , Zhang Lihua , Gao Yan , Wang Bin , Zheng Xin ,   for the China PEACE Collaborative Group
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsThis study explored the association between socio‐economic status (SES) and mortality among patients hospitalized for heart failure (HF) in China.Methods and resultsWe used data from the China Patient‐centred Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events‐Prospective Heart Failure Study (China PEACE 5p‐HF Study), which enrolled patients hospitalized primarily for HF from 52 hospitals between 2016 and 2018. SES was measured using the income, employment status, educational attainment, and partner status. Individual socio‐economic risk factor (SERF) scores were assigned based on the number of coexisting SERFs, including low income, unemployed status, low education, and unpartnered status. We assessed the effects of SES on 1 year all‐cause mortality using Cox models. We used the Harrell c statistic to investigate whether SES added incremental prognostic information for mortality prediction. A total of 4725 patients were included in the analysis. The median (interquartile range) age was 67 (57–76) years; 37.6% were women. In risk‐adjusted analyses, patients with low/middle income [low income: hazard ratio (HR) 1.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21–2.14; middle income: HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.00–1.74], unemployment status (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.10–1.86), low education (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.03–1.53), and unpartnered status (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.03–1.46) had a higher risk of death than patients with high income, who were employed, who had a high education level, and who had a partner, respectively. Compared with the patients without SERFs, those with 1, 2, 3, and 4 SERFs had 1.52‐, 2.01‐, 2.45‐, and 3.20‐fold increased risk of death, respectively. The addition of SES to fully adjusted model improved the mortality prediction, with increments in c statistic of 0.01 (P < 0.01).ConclusionsIn a national Chinese cohort of patients hospitalized for HF, low income, unemployment status, low education, and unpartnered status were all associated with a higher risk of death 1 year following discharge. In addition, incorporating SES into a clinical‐based model could better identify patients at risk for death. Tailored clinical interventions are needed to mitigate the excess risk experienced by those socio‐economic deprived HF patients.
Recent Advances in Aluminum Compounds for Catalysis
Authors: Ni Congjian , Ma Xiaoli , Yang Zhi , Roesky Herbert W. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis review highlights recent advances in the research of organoaluminum complexes in catalysis. Many fundamental transformations can be carried out by aluminum catalysts, such as hydroboration, hydroamination, copolymerization and CO2 insertion reactions, hydrosilylation, and hydroacetylenation of carbodiimides, which make use of the abundant reserves of aluminum in the earth‘s crust to accomplish the transformation. Recent research in the field has shown that these systems have extraordinary catalytic activity and are inexpensive, abundant, and environmentally friendly.
Mechanochromic Luminescence of Composites Based on (CH3NH3)PbBr3 and Layered HPs: Influence of 2D Components and Interface Multilayered Phases
Authors: Hleli Feten , Mercier Nicolas , Ben Haj Salah Maroua , Zouari Nabil , Botta Chiara 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe mechanochromic luminescence (MCL) properties of crystallized powders of composites based on the 3D perovskite MAPbBr3 and one layered (2D) halide perovskite (HP) are reported for three 2D HPs selected for their distinct emission properties: (PEA)2PbBr4 (n=1) narrow emission (HE), (EDBE)PbBr4 (m=2) broad emission (LE) and (BA)2PbBr4 (n=1) dual emission (HE and LE). All composites exhibit sensitive MCL due to the activation of the 3D component emission through energy transfer (ET) from multilayered perovskites formed at the interface. While the excitonic HE band is less affected by the mechanical treatment, LE is quenched in crushed composites, suggesting that it rather originates from the crystal edge/surfaces. Full reversibility of the MCL process is obtained only when the multilayered phases formed at the interface are not stable. The emission of composite thin films, where larger 2D/3D interface areas are present, further support the role of the interfaces in the activation of 3D emission.
An enhanced cross‐layer solution for IFC applications using HTS systems at Q/V‐band
Authors: Koosha Behzad , Manoochehri Omid , Helgert Hermann J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Q/V band communication systems open new avenues for next generation of high‐throughput satellite (HTS) systems. More specifically, they are attractive due to their high bandwidth for user and gateway links. Having a wide bandwidth at Q/V band makes it permissible to offload the links between the satellite and its earth station hubs (gateway) from the Ka band to the Q/V band. This enables additional bandwidth available for HTS feeder links and user links of specific market verticals, which in turn results in reduction of cost per bit for in‐flight connectivity applications to provide WiFi capability on the aircraft. This study provides a deep overview of network architecture at the ground gateway infrastructure with respect to the network management system (NMS) to optimize network traffic utilization. We have looked at a gateway constellation platform which optimizes the actual cost‐efficient solution for deploying routing user traffic among the networks. In addition, the study discusses the elements involved in the NMS which interfaces with the gateway platform. The overall NMS platform design and capabilities are discussed as they provision the network service parameters throughout the entire operation. The proposed solution integrates the physical antenna, antenna control unit and the power supply into one bundle on the aircraft. This will result in approximately 10% throughput increase compared to conventional methods that do not deploy N+P gateway architecture. The proposed method has enhanced spectrum efficiency along with the NMS unit that has been discussed in detail. Finally, a wideband and multibeam antenna is introduced as an essential part of the solution followed up by simulation results.
Learn from nature: Bio‐inspired structure design for lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Lu Chao , Chen Xi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries have exerted great influence on our daily life as important power supply. However, lithium‐ion batteries suffer from critical challenges, including dendrite effect and insufficient ion kinetics, which lead to low efficiency and poor cycling. Bio‐inspired structures, directly learned from nature, have some special characteristics with good mechanical properties, including large surface area, numerous active sites, and ion channels. The large surface area can accommodate more ions, and active sites facilitate intermediate conversion. The well‐designed ion channels are beneficial to ion migration, and then greatly promote charge–discharge processes. Here, we summarize typical bio‐inspired structures for lithium‐ion batteries, discuss influence of these structures on battery performance. Based on the theoretical analysis and our experimental experience, we highlight the design requirement of bio‐inspired structures to enable battery devices with high power density and stable cycling life. Finally, perspectives on existing issues in the filed have been made for future directions.image
Numerical simulation of combustion, flow, and heat transfer process of an oilfield heating furnace under different production conditions
Authors: Zhao Xuefeng , Meng Lan , Ma Jianguo , Wang Ronghuan , Tian Chunyu , Lian Hongjun , Gao Xiaomeng , Wu Gang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHeating furnace is an important energy‐consuming equipment in oilfield. In order to evaluate the operation status of heating furnace more accurately, in this paper, the production process of heating furnace in an oilfield is studied by numerical simulation technology, and the specific reasons affecting its thermal efficiency are deeply explored. First, the numerical simulation model of oilfield heating furnace production process is established, which is to digitize the geometric structure of the heating furnace, study the characteristics of the geometric shape, and generate the appropriate calculation grid. Second, numerical simulation and analysis are carried out for the working process of the heating furnace under rated and nonrated conditions, respectively. The medium flow characteristics, flame shape, temperature distribution, and pipe temperature distribution in the heating furnace under different conditions are systematically discussed. Finally, through the simulation analysis, it is found that the burner rotating device is beneficial to strengthen the heat transfer, and the change of load will affect the efficiency of the heating furnace. Under the rated working condition, design exhaust temperature is 260℃, numerical result is 225.8℃, and the error is −13.2%; design export temperature of water is 60℃, numerical result is 58.1℃, and the error is −3.2%; design temperature difference between inlet and outlet of water is 30℃, numerical result is 28.1℃, and the error is −6.3%. The working process of oilfield heating furnace is a complex coupling heat transfer process of combustion, flow, and heat transfer. The numerical results show that the working process of oilfield heating furnace could be successfully realized by means of numerical simulation. Under variable load conditions, in order to ensure that the export temperature of water is close to design temperature, it is necessary to change the fuel quantity in equal proportion to the water quantity. It is hoped that the reported results provide interesting information among the oilfield heating furnace operators.
Wild relatives of potato may bolster its adaptation to new niches under future climate scenarios
Authors: Fumia Nathan , Pironon Samuel , Rubinoff Daniel , Khoury Colin K. , Gore Michael A. , Kantar Michael B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFood production strategies and patterns are being altered in response to climate change. Enhancing the adaptation of important food crops to novel climate regimes will be critical to maintaining world food supplies. Climate change is altering the suitability of production areas for crops such as potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) making future productivity, resilience, and sustainability of this crop dependent on breeding for climate adaptation, including through the introgression of novel traits from its wild relatives. To better understand the future production climate envelopes of potatoes, and the potential of its wild relatives to contribute to adaptation to these environments, we estimated the climate of potato in four future climate scenarios and overlapped the current climate of 72 wild relative species and potato with these future climates. We discovered a shift of up to 12.5% by potato from current to novel climate by 2070 and varying magnitudes of overlap by different wild relatives with potato, primarily driven by the extent of endemism. To address the threat of novel climate on potato production and with the wealth of data available for the agrobiodiversity in potato wild relatives, we systematically developed a prioritization value inspired by the logic of the breeder's equation for locating potentially beneficial species possessing local adaptability, climatic plasticity, and interspecific crossability. In doing so, 26 unique species by discrete climate combinations are found, highlighting the presence of unique species to use in adapting potato to changing local climates. Further, the 20 highest prioritized values belong to diploid species, enforcing the drive to shift into diploid breeding by the potato research community, where introgression of the local climate adaptability traits may be more streamlined.
Sources of geomaterials in the Sicani Mountains during the Early Middle Ages: A case study of Contrada Castro, central western Sicily
Authors: Montana Giuseppe , Gasparo Morticelli Maurizio , Bazan Giuseppe , Pisciotta Filippo , Aleo Nero Carla , Marino Pasquale , Castrorao Barba Angelo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFrom 2017, an unknown rural settlement in Contrada Castro at Corleone (Palermo Province, western Sicily) was investigated as part of the ‘Harvesting Memories Project’. The stratigraphic sequence, supported by radiocarbon dating, has demonstrated a reoccupation of a pre‐Roman site during the transition between the Byzantine and Islamic periods. In particular, the main occupation occurred in the late 8th–9th century when pottery kilns and a probable warehouse were constructed. During the 10th–11th century, a new structure with different orientations replaced the previous buildings that had already collapsed. Specifically focusing on a perspective of the household production and its relationship to the surrounding landscapes of this site, this paper presents the results of a geological survey and petrographic analysis of ceramic finds and lithic samples to identify the source area of the geomaterials used in the studied settlement. The ceramic finds were divided into different Paste Groups based on the characteristics of a polarizing microscope study. The use of some locally available raw materials was recorded both for ceramic and lithic samples. Such an approach enables us to better understand ceramic craft technology, clay and lithic procurement strategies and, more broadly, the consumption of household pottery in the Early Medieval site in Contrada Castro. Furthermore, this study verifies the close relationship that this rural settlement had with the surrounding resources in the area and reveals a connection with the city of Palermo during the Early Middle Ages.