bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Closed-Form General Relationship Model for the Interfacial Oxidation of Cylindrically Curved Surfaces
Authors: Blanchet Thierry A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A closed-form algebraic expression of the general relationship between film thickness and time during thermal oxidation as attained by Deal and Grove for planar surfaces has remained elusive for surfaces with curvature. Even under a baseline case of constant parameter values to describe oxidant gas-phase transport, diffusion, and reaction, by the conventionally adopted model treating the oxide as fluid capable of flow in accounting for the molecular volume difference between it and the metal from which it was formed and relate the radii describing the oxide relative to those of the metal, numerical integration is required to approximate the time corresponding to any given oxide thickness. Several example sets of such numerical approximation of the relationship between thickness and time by the conventional fluid oxide model on curved cylindrical surfaces are provided here to highlight its lacking closed-form general relationship. In contrast, if instead modeling the oxide as solid and freely expanded from the metal forming it to relate their geometries, it is shown here that a closed-form algebraic expression of the general relationship between oxide thickness and time on cylindrically and in turn spherically curved surfaces is attained in the baseline case of constant parameter values, akin to that preceding by Deal and Grove for planar surfaces. Continuing model refinements will consider dependencies of parameter values on stress state evolving as oxide thickness grows on curved surfaces.
A simplified ultrasound approach to diagnose testicular torsion and predict unsalvageable testis
Authors: Lim Yunji , Hwang Jisun , Park Joonsuk , Kim Young Chul , Min Seon Jeong 
Published: April 2022

Aims: To develop a decision tree model using US features to differentiate testicular torsion and other conditions of acute scrotum and to investigate predictive parameters of unsalvageable testis in testicular torsion.Materials and methods: Scrotal US was reviewed in patients aged <30 years who presented with acute scrotum from 2014 to 2020. US findings of whirlpool sign, testicular volume ratio, heterogeneous echotexture, testicular vascularity, epididymis enlargement and/or hyperemia, and avascular nodule were evaluated and compared. A decision tree model was created using the conditional inference tree analysis and the accuracy was calculated. Univariate logistic regression analysis was performed to find out the predictive US features of unsalvageable testes.Results: Total of 381 patients (13.2±7.2 years old; range, 1 day-30 years) were included. Thirty-four patients were diagnosed with testicular torsion, and the others with orchitis or epididymo-orchitis (n=59), epididymitis (n=264), and appendage torsion (n=24). In the conditional inference tree analysis, whirlpool sign, avascular nodule, and increased testicular vascularity were the most significant discriminators (p<0.001), and the whirlpool sign was the first discriminator. The overall accuracy of the conditional inference tree was 91.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 87.8-93.7%). Heterogeneous echotexture (odds ratio [OR], 74.99; 95% CI, 2.75-2046.26; p=0.01) and symptom-to-operation time >24 h (OR, 49.28; 95% CI, 1.92-1262.03; p=0.02) were significant predictors of unsalvageable testis.Conclusions: Conditional inference tree analysis showed that the whirlpool sign of the spermatic cord, avascular nodule, and altered testicular vascularity were significant discriminators. Heterogeneous echotexture and symptom-to-operation delay were important prognostic factors for unsalvageable testis.
The Clinical Practice Characteristics, Self-Confidence, and Barriers Related to Treatment Following Concussion Among Athletic Trainers
Authors: Hattrup Nicholas , Root Hayley J. , Valovich McLeod Tamara C. 
Published: April 2022

There is limited information about the use and perceptions of interventions postconcussion. The purpose of this study was to examine the treatment characteristics, self-reported confidence and perceptions of treatment, and barriers to treatment implementation. More than 50% of respondents utilized interventions for cervicogenic (55.5%, n = 85/153) and migraine symptoms (82.4%, n = 126/153). While respondents utilized and believed they should implement treatments, more than half referred to another healthcare professional (e.g., physical therapy, physician, psychologist) to perform treatment interventions. Finally, those in the clinic setting report having more adequate staff to perform treatments compared with high schools (p = .003). The continued use of interdisciplinary teams’ postconcussion and the development of lower cost staff and resource interventions may help to increase adoption.
Event-Related Potentials Analysis of the Effects of Discontinuous Short-Term Fine Motor Imagery on Motor Execution
Authors: Wu ShiYao , Sui Li 
Published: April 2022

In this study, event-related potentials and neurobehavioral measurements were used to investigate the effects of discontinuous short-term fine motor imagery (MI), a paradigm of finger sequential MI training interspersed with no-MI that occurs within 1 hr, on fine finger motor execution. The event-related potentials revealed that there were significant differences in the P300 between the fine MI training and the no-MI training. There were also significant changes in the P200 between fine motor execution of familiar tasks after MI training and fine motor execution of unfamiliar tasks without MI training. Neurobehavioral data revealed that the fine MI enhanced fine motor execution. These findings may suggest that discontinuous short-term fine MI could be useful in improving fine motor skills.
Supplemental calcium and vitamin D and long-term mortality in aortic stenosis
Authors: Kassis Nicholas , Hariri Essa H , Karrthik Antonette K , Ahuja Keerat R , Layoun Habib , Saad Anas M , Gad Mohamed M , Kaur Manpreet , Bazarbashi Najdat , Griffin Brian P , Popovic Zoran B , Harb Serge C , Desai Milind Y , Kapadia Samir R 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveCalcium metabolism has long been implicated in aortic stenosis (AS). Studies assessing the long-term safety of oral calcium and/or vitamin D in AS are scarce yet imperative given the rising use among an elderly population prone to deficiency. We sought to identify the associations between supplemental calcium and vitamin D with mortality and progression of AS.MethodsIn this retrospective longitudinal study, patients aged ≥60 years with mild-moderate native AS were selected from the Cleveland Clinic Echocardiography Database from 2008 to 2016 and followed until 2018. Groups were stratified into no supplementation, supplementation with vitamin D alone and supplementation with calcium±vitamin D. The primary outcomes were mortality (all-cause, cardiovascular (CV) and non-CV) and aortic valve replacement (AVR), and the secondary outcome was AS progression by aortic valve area and peak/mean gradients.ResultsOf 2657 patients (mean age 74 years, 42% women) followed over a median duration of 69 months, 1292 (49%) did not supplement, 332 (12%) took vitamin D alone and 1033 (39%) supplemented with calcium±vitamin D. Calcium±vitamin D supplementation was associated with a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality (absolute rate (AR)=43.0/1000 person-years; HR=1.31, 95% CI (1.07 to 1.62); p=0.009), CV mortality (AR=13.7/1000 person-years; HR=2.0, 95% CI (1.31 to 3.07); p=0.001) and AVR (AR=88.2/1000 person-years; HR=1.48, 95% CI (1.24 to 1.78); p<0.001). Any supplementation was not associated with longitudinal change in AS parameters in a linear mixed-effects model.ConclusionsSupplemental calcium with or without vitamin D is associated with lower survival and greater AVR in elderly patients with mild-moderate AS.
Estimating the Number of COVID-19 Cases and Impact of New COVID-19 Variants and Vaccination on the Population in Kerman, Iran: A Mathematical Modeling Study
Authors: Nakhaeizadeh Mehran , Chegeni Maryam , Adhami Masoumeh , Sharifi Hamid , Gohari Milad Ahmadi , Iranpour Abedin , Azizian Mahdieh , Mashinchi Mashaallah , Baneshi Mohammad Reza , Karamouzian Mohammad , Haghdoost Ali Akbar , Jahani Yunes 
Published: April 2022

COVID-19 is spreading all over Iran, and Kerman is one of the most affected cities. We conducted this study to predict COVID-19-related deaths, hospitalization, and infected cases under different scenarios (scenarios A, B, and C) by 31 December 2021 in Kerman. We also aimed to assess the impact of new COVID-19 variants and vaccination on the total number of COVID-19 cases, deaths, and hospitalizations (scenarios D, E, and F) using the modified susceptible-exposed-infected-removed (SEIR) model. We calibrated the model using deaths reported from the start of the epidemic to August 30, 2021. A Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) uncertainty analysis was used to estimate 95% uncertainty intervals (UI). We also calculated the time-varying reproductive number (

R

t

) following time-dependent methods. Under the worst-case scenario (scenario A;

contact

rate
=
10

,

self
‐
isolation

rate
=
30
%

, and average vaccination shots per

day
=
5,000

), the total number of infections by December 31, 2021, would be 1,625,000 (95% UI: 1,112,000–1,898,000) with 6,700 deaths (95% UI: 5,200–8,700). With the presence of alpha and delta variants without vaccine (scenario D), the total number of infected cases and the death toll were estimated to be 957,000 (95% UI: 208,000–1,463,000) and 4,500 (95% UI: 1,500–7,000), respectively. If 70% of the population were vaccinated when the alpha variant was dominant (scenario E), the total number of infected cases and deaths would be 608,000 (95% UI: 122,000–743,000) and 2,700 (95% UI: 700–4,000), respectively. The

R

t

was ≥1 almost every day during the epidemic. Our results suggest that policymakers should concentrate on improving vaccination and interventions, such as reducing social contacts, stricter limitations for gathering, public education to promote social distancing, incensing case finding and contact tracing, effective isolation, and quarantine to prevent more COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths in Kerman.
NR2F1 Is a Barrier to Dissemination of Early-Stage Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Rodriguez-Tirado Carolina , Kale Nupura , Carlini Maria J. , Shrivastava Nitisha , Rodrigues Alcina A. , Khalil Bassem D. , Bravo-Cordero Jose Javier , Hong Yan , Alexander Melissa , Ji Jiayi , Behbod Fariba , Sosa Maria Soledad 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Cancer cells can disseminate during very early and sometimes asymptomatic stages of tumor progression. Though biological barriers to tumorigenesis have been identified and characterized, the mechanisms that limit early dissemination remain largely unknown. We report here that the orphan nuclear receptor nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group F, member 1 (NR2F1)/COUP-TF1 serves as a barrier to early dissemination. NR2F1 expression was decreased in patient ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) samples. High-resolution intravital imaging of HER2+ early-stage cancer cells revealed that loss of function of NR2F1 increased in vivo dissemination and was accompanied by decreased E-cadherin expression, activation of wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 1 (WNT)-dependent β-catenin signaling, disorganized laminin 5 deposition, and increased expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) genes such as twist basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor 1 (TWIST1), zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), and paired related homeobox 1 (PRRX1). Furthermore, downregulation of NR2F1 promoted a hybrid luminal/basal phenotype. NR2F1 expression was positively regulated by p38α signaling and repressed by HER2 and WNT4 pathways. Finally, early cancer cells with NR2F1LOW/PRRX1HIGH staining were observed in DCIS samples. Together, these findings reveal the existence of an inhibitory mechanism of dissemination regulated by NR2F1 in early-stage breast cancer cells.

Significance:
During early stages of breast cancer progression, HER2-mediated suppression of NR2F1 promotes dissemination by inducing EMT and a hybrid luminal/basal-like program.
Autonomia, pluralidade e razão pública
Authors: O'Neill Onora 
Published: April 2022

Pretendo oferecer uma leitura da concepção kantiana de autonomia, distingui-la de algumas outras concepções que recebem o nome de autonomia e propor algumas razões para pensar que a autonomia no sentido que Kant atribui ao termo é decerto tanto uma concepção de razão prática como também fundamental para a moralidade. A linha de pensamento que seguirei é, espero, compatível com as afirmações queSchneewind faz sobre a posição de Kant e, ao mesmo tempo, uma ampliação que favorece essas afirmações.
Reproductive biology of two threatened and highly traded medicinal plants, Salacia gambleana and Salacia oblonga, from the Western Ghats of India
Authors: P.S. Krishnasree  , P.A. Jose  , K. Subin  , T.V. Sarath  
Published: April 2022

Salacia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Celastraceae, consisting of woody climbers distributed in tropical America, Africa, and Asia. In India it is represented by 21 species, of which 15 occur in peninsular India. Most species of the genus have been used in traditional medicine, mainly the Ayurvedic system. Apart from overexploitation for medicinal purposes, the low fruit set and infestation of seeds have affected natural regeneration, and led to the rarity of Salacia species in their natural habitats. The reproductive biology of Salacia oblonga and S. gambleana was studied for the first time to understand the reproductive constraints of these threatened and medicinally important species. The flowering phenology, pollen viability, germination, stigma receptivity, and insect-pest interaction were analyzed. The obligatory entomophily coupled with insufficient pollinators and seed pest infestation were found to be the main reproductive constraints responsible for the low fruit set and poor natural regeneration of these species.
Hatching in Coromandel Marsh Dart Damselfly Ceriagrion coromandelianum (Fabricius) (Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae): process and influence of the oviposition substrate
Authors: Verma Payal , Thaokar Nilesh , Andrew Raymond 
Published: April 2022

Coromandel Marsh Dart Damselfly Ceriagrion coromandelianum (Fabricius) breeds in stagnant pools, small garden tanks and ornamental cement ponds containing submerged and/or floating vegetation. Eggs were collected to observe two aspects of larval development: (1) The hatching rate of eggs deposited in different vegetation (Nymphaea nouchali, Lemna paucicostata, Hydrilla verticillata). Although C. coromandelianum prefers to oviposit in the broad leaves of N. nouchali, the highest rate of hatching was found in H. verticillata (95.8%) followed by N. nouchali (87.6%) and L. paucicostata (81.3%). Hatching commenced on Day 5 and was completed by Day 9. Maximum hatching (56%) was recorded on the sixth day of oviposition followed by the seventh day (20%) in all three substrates. (2) To document the process of hatching as follows: Around three minutes prior to hatching, the embryo exhibits cyclic pumping and pushing movements of the head (caused by the peristaltic movement of the mid- and hind- gut) of low intensity followed by high intensity and long pumping movements interspaced with smaller pulsating movements. Swelling of the head forces the apical chorion to split along the micropylar chute and like a lid, the apical tip topples over as a conical cap. This allows the prolarva to exit the egg. As it does so, it twists and the thorax swells breaking the prolarval sheath and releasing the first instar larva.
Case report of hook worm Grammocephalus hybridatus and stomach bot Cobboldia elephantis infections in a free-ranging Asian Elephant Elephas maximus in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Kaveri Theerthagiri Kavitha  , Chirukandoth Sreekumar  , Bhaskaran Ravi Latha  
Published: April 2022

Elephants in the wild are susceptible to many gastrointestinal parasites. In the present study, necropsy was conducted on a free-ranging Asian Elephant Elephas maximus female aged about 15 years which died at Coimbatore forest range, Tamil Nadu state, India. The necropsy revealed that the liver was infected with round worms and the stomach was heavily infested with dipteran larvae. These round worms and larvae were collected and processed by dehydrating in ascending grades of alcohol and then cleared in carbolic acid. The cleared samples were mounted and examined under light microscopy for species identification. Faecal samples collected from the rectum were analysed by sedimentation for the presence of helminth eggs. On microscopic examination, the head end of the round worms showed a buccal capsule which possessed a pair of semilunar ventral cutting plates. Male worms showed well-developed bursa at the posterior end. The anterior end of the dipteran larvae showed two powerful oral hooks with cephalopharyngeal skeleton. Anterior spiracle appeared as a short club-shaped tube with 12 lobes. The abdominal segments of the larvae had a row of belt-like triangular spines. The posterior spiracles of the larvae had three longitudinal parallel slits in each spiracle with closed peritreme. Based on the above morphological characters, the round worms and larvae were identified as Grammocephalus hybridatus and Cobboldia elephantis, respectively. Strongyle eggs were identified in the faecal sample based on the morphology of thin shell and segmented yolk. This appears to be the first report of G. hybridatus infection in a free-ranging elephant in Tamil Nadu state, India.
Population abundance of Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus (Aves: Phoenicopteridae) in district Gurugram of Haryana, India
Authors: Kumar Amit , Rana Sarita 
Published: April 2022

We quantified the population abundance of Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus in Najafgarh Drain (Jheel), Basai Wetland, and Sultanpur flats of district Gurugram, Haryana from October 2018 to December 2020. A total of 72 visits were made to the study sites. In this study, we explored the uses of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with a 5-megapixel camera to census the population and distribution of Greater Flamingos. The Nikon 10 x 50 field binoculars were used for observations. A photographic record was taken using a Canon Powershot sx70hs camera. To estimate the population size, point count method was used and videos and image analysis were carried out for a more accurate count in densely packed flocks. The mean population of Greater Flamingos was 267 ± 47 observed throughout the study period from the three sites. For three years, the highest mean population of Greater Flamingos recorded was 745 ± 76 at Najafgarh Drain and the lowest was 19 ± 8 at Sultanpur Flats. The Greater Flamingos were found to be residents at Najafgarh Drain. At the Basai Wetland, two major human activities were the construction of highways along wetlands and wetland drainage have been observed that resulted in habitat fragmentation and shrinkage, which is responsible for the huge decline in their population. While at Najafgarh Jheel fishing activities and overgrowth of water hyacinth were a major threat that affect the Greater Flamingo population. The findings in this study will be beneficial for the conservation efforts of the flamingos in this area.
First record of the jumping spider Pancorius changricus Żabka, 1990 from India (Araneae: Salticidae)
Authors: Anushka Gurung  , Aita Hang Subba Limboo  , Bhoj Kumar Acharya  , Prajapati Dhruv A. 
Published: April 2022

Pancorius changricus Żabka, 1990 is recorded for the first time from India. Detailed illustrations of the general morphology and male copulatory organ are provided. The distribution records of the species are also mapped.
Psychological Distress in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease Over the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Janzen Mikyla L. , LeComte Karen , Sathananthan Gnalini , Wang Jia , Kiess Marla , Chakrabarti Santabhanu , Grewal Jasmine 
Published: April 2022

Background
This study sought to better understand the experiences of adults with congenital heart disease throughout the pandemic. Objectives were to determine (1) psychological distress before and throughout the pandemic; (2) changes in day‐to‐day functioning; and (3) the percentage of adults with congenital heart disease who experienced COVID‐19 related symptoms, underwent testing, and tested positive.

Methods and Results
This was a cross‐sectional study paired with retrospective chart review. A web‐based survey was distributed to patients between December 2020 and January 2021. Patients reported on psychological distress across 5 categories (Screening Tool for Psychological Distress; depression, anxiety, stress, anger, and lack of social support), whether they experienced symptoms of COVID‐19 and/or sought testing, and changes to their work and social behavior. Five hundred seventy‐nine survey responses were received, of which 555 were linked to clinical data. Patients were aged 45±15 years. The proportion of patients reporting above‐threshold values for all Screening Tool for Psychological Distress items significantly increased during the early pandemic compared with before the pandemic. Stress returned to baseline in December 2020/January 2021, whereas all others remained elevated. Psychological distress decreased with age, and women reported persistently elevated stress and anxiety compared with men during the pandemic. A consistent trend was not observed with regard to American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association anatomic and physiologic classification. Fifty (9%) patients lost employment because of a COVID‐19–related reason. COVID‐19 symptoms were reported by 145 (25%) patients, 182 (31%) sought testing, and 10 (2%) tested positive.

Conclusions
A substantial proportion of adults with congenital heart disease reported clinically significant psychological distress during the pandemic.
Anxiety and Depression Following Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Wegermann Zachary K. , Mack Michael J. , Arnold Suzanne V. , Thompson Christin A. , Ryan Michael , Gunnarsson Candace , Strong Susan , Cohen David J. , Alexander Karen P. , Brennan J. Matthew 
Published: April 2022

Background
The aim of this study was to identify patients vulnerable for anxiety and/or depression following aortic valve replacement (AVR) and to evaluate factors that may mitigate this risk.

Methods and Results
This is a retrospective cohort study conducted using a claims database; 18 990 patients (1/2013–12/2018) ≥55 years of age with 6 months of pre‐AVR data were identified. Anxiety and/or depression risk was compared at 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year following transcatheter aortic valve replacement or surgical AVR (SAVR) after risk adjustment using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models. Separate models were estimated for patients with and without surgical complications and discharge location. Patients with SAVR experienced a higher relative risk of anxiety and/or depression at 3 months (12.4% versus 8.8%; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.39 [95% CI, 1.19–1.63]) and 6 months (15.6% versus 13.0%; adjusted HR, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.08–1.42]), with this difference narrowing by 12 months (20.1% versus 19.3%; adjusted HR, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.01–1.29]) after AVR. This association was most pronounced among patients discharged to home, with patients with SAVR having a higher relative risk of anxiety and/or depression. In patients who experienced operative complications, there was no difference between SAVR and transcatheter aortic valve replacement. However, among patients without operative complications, patients with SAVR had an increased risk of postoperative anxiety and/or depression at 3 months (adjusted HR, 1.47 [95% CI, 1.23–1.75]) and 6 months (adjusted HR 1.26 [95% CI, 1.08–1.46]), but not at 12 months.

Conclusions
There is an associated reduction in the risk of new‐onset anxiety and/or depression among patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (versus SAVR), particularly in the first 3 and 6 months following treatment.