bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planarized Phenyldithienylboranes: Effects of the Bridging Moieties and π‐Extension on the Photophysical Properties and Lewis Acidity
Authors: Sakai Mika , Mori Masayoshi , Hirai Masato , Ando Naoki , Yamaguchi Shigehiro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTwo kinds of planarized phenyldithienylboranes, which contain (CH3)2C‐ or CH2‐bridging moieties, were synthesized. The difference of the bridging moieties affects their packing structures and photophysical properties. In particular, the (CH3)2C‐bridged derivative exhibits a large Stokes shift, unusual for such planarized compounds, that results from a large structural relaxation in the excited state. A series of π‐extended derivatives was synthesized, among which ap‐(diphenylamino)phenyl‐substituted derivative shows large solvatochromism in the fluorescence spectra, while maintaining high quantum yields even in polar solvents. The Lewis acidity of the phenyldithienylborane derivatives was also assessed by titration with pyridine. The Lewis acidity of the boron center is affected not only by the difference in the steric bulk of the bridging moieties, but also by the electronic effect of the substituents introduced at remote positions relative to the boron atom. These results demonstrate the characteristic features of planarized phenyldithienylboranes as building blocks for boron‐based π‐electron materials.
Characteristic and complementary chiral recognition ability of four recently developed immobilized chiral stationary phases based on amylose and cellulose phenyl carbamates and benzoates
Authors: Onishi Takafumi , Ueda Takunori , Yoshida Kenichi , Uosaki Kosuke , Ando Hiroyuki , Hamasaki Ryota , Ohnishi Atsushi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo date, various immobilized chiral stationary phases (CSPs) have been developed. The immobilized CSPs have opened up possibilities not only maintaining the high chiral recognition abilities as well as corresponding coated ones but also affording high durability to various mobile phase. This report directed to investigate enantioseparation of recently launched four immobilized CSPs with cellulose and amylose backbones under normal phase liquid chromatography conditions. Their chiral recognition abilities were compared with previously developed six immobilized CSPs. Particularly, we focused on the complementarity for chiral recognitions. Among them, amylose tris(3‐chloro‐5‐methylphenylcarbamate) CSP, namely, CHIRALPAK IG, showed notable chiral recognition abilities to various racemates. As expected, the investigated immobilized CSPs represented remarkable durability to wide range of mobile phases, whereas the corresponding coated CSPs could not be run due to the irreversible degradation. Taking advantage of unrestricted solvent compatibility, chiral separation selectivities were improved for some racemates.
[OSSO]‐Type Chromium(III) Complexes for the Reaction of CO2 with Epoxides
Authors: Niknam Fatemeh , Capaccio Vito , Kleybolte Magdalena , Lamparelli David H. , Winnacker Malte , Fiorani Giulia , Capacchione Carmine 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this work, four new mononuclear Cr(III) complexes (2–5) bearing bis‐thioether‐diphenolate, [OSSO]‐type ligands, were synthesized and characterized. These complexes in combination with bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium chloride (PPNCl) promoted the coupling of CO2 with epoxides. Depending on the type of substrate and the conditions, the reaction results in the selective formation of either polycarbonate or cyclic carbonate. For example, the reactions in the presence of complex 2 led to the exclusive formation of poly(cyclohexene carbonate, PCHC) from cyclohexene oxide (CHO) (TOF up to 39 h−1, at T=45–100 °C, time=24 h, pCO2=20 bar, epoxide/2 (mol/mol)=1000, and PPNCl/2=0.5–2.0 mol %). Under the same conditions and PPNCl/2=0.5–5.0 mol %, the reactions of CO2 with styrene oxide (SO), epichlorohydrin (ECH), 1,2 epoxydodecane (EDD), and allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) have shown selective conversion to the corresponding cyclic carbonates (TOF up to 41 h−1).
Genomic basis for an informed conservation management of Pelophylax water frogs in Luxembourg
Authors: Weigand Hannah , Cross Lopez de Llergo Jennifer , Frantz Alain C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGenetic identification methods have become increasingly important for species that are difficult to identify in the field. A case in point is Pelophylax water frogs. While their morphological determination is highly complex, they include species protected under EU law and some that are classified as invasive. Additionally, genetic data can provide insights into their complex breeding systems, which may or may not involve the reproductive dependency of one species on another. Here, we generate baseline data for water frog monitoring in Luxembourg. We applied a countrywide sampling approach and used SNPs generated by ddRAD sequencing to identify individuals and infer the breeding systems present in the country. We found Pelophylax lessonae and P. kl. esculentus throughout Luxembourg, mostly living in syntopy. In general, a reproductive dependency of P. kl. esculentus on P. lessonae (L‐E system) was revealed. Besides this general system, we detected triploid P. kl. esculentus in six ponds. This indicates a modified L‐E system with reproductive dependency of the triploids on the diploid P. kl. esculentus. The invasive P. cf. bedriagae was detected in three ponds in southern Luxembourg, with evidence for hybridization with native water frogs. In addition to the ddRAD data, we tested a simple genetic method for future monitoring based on the MND1 marker. It showed in almost all cases, an identical species identification as the ddRAD data and was successfully applied to DNA extracts from mouth swabs. Combining this method with our baseline data will enable informed choices for the protection of native water frog species in Luxembourg.
Ventricular longitudinal function by cardiovascular magnetic resonance predicts cardiovascular morbidity in HFrEF patients
Authors: Berg Jonathan , Åkesson Julius , Jablonowski Robert , Solem Kristian , Heiberg Einar , Borgquist Rasmus , Arheden Håkan , Carlsson Marcus 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsVentricular longitudinal function measured as basal‐apical atrioventricular plane displacement (AVPD) or global longitudinal strain (GLS) is a potent predictor of mortality and could potentially be a predictor of heart failure‐associated morbidity. We hypothesized that low AVPD and GLS are associated with the combined endpoint of cardiovascular mortality and heart failure‐associated morbidity.Methods and resultsTwo hundred eighty‐seven patients (age 62 ± 12 years, 78% male) with heart failure with reduced (≤40%) ejection fraction (HFrEF) referred to a cardiovascular magnetic resonance exam were included. Ventricular longitudinal function, ventricular volume, and myocardial fibrosis or infarction were analysed from cine and late gadolinium enhancement images. National registries provided data on causes of cardiovascular hospitalizations and cardiovascular mortality for the combined endpoint. Time‐to‐event analysis capable of including reoccurring events was employed with a 5‐year follow‐up. HFrEF patients had EF 26.5 ± 8.0%, AVPD 7.8 ± 2.4 mm, and GLS −7.5 ± 3.0%. In contrast, ventricular longitudinal function was approximately twice as large in an age‐matched control group (AVPD 15.3 ± 1.6 mm; GLS −20.6 ± 2.0%; P < 0.001 for both). There were 578 events in total, and the majority were HF hospitalizations (n = 418). Other major events were revascularizations (n = 64), cardiovascular deaths (n = 40), and myocardial infarctions (n = 21). One hundred fifty‐five (54%) patients experienced at least one event (mean 2.0, range 0–64). Of these patients, 119 (71%) had three events or fewer, and the first three events comprised 51% of all events (295 events). Patients in the bottom AVPD or GLS tertile (<6.8 mm or >−6.1%) overall experienced more than 3 times as many events as the top tertile (>8.8 mm or <−8.4%; P < 0.001). Patients in this tertile also faced more cardiovascular deaths (P < 0.05), HF hospitalizations (P = 0.001), myocardial infarctions (only GLS: P = 0.032), and accumulated longer in‐hospital length‐of‐stay overall (AVPD 20.9 vs. 9.1 days; GLS 22.4 vs. 6.5 days; P = 0.001 for both), and from HF hospitalizations (AVPD 19.3 vs. 8.3 days; GLS 19.3 vs. 5.4 days; P = 0.001 for both). In multivariate analysis adjusted for significant covariates, AVPD and GLS remained independent predictors of events (hazard ratio 1.12 per‐mm‐decrease and 1.13 per‐%‐increase) alongside hyponatremia (<135 mmol/L), aetiology of HF, and LV end‐diastolic volume index.ConclusionsLow ventricular longitudinal function is associated with an increase in number of events as well as longer in‐hospital stay from cardiovascular causes. In addition, AVPD and GLS have independent prognostic value for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in HFrEF patients.
R‐based method for quantitative analysis of biofilm thickness by using confocal laser scanning microscopy
Authors: Frühauf Hanna Marianne , Stöckl Markus , Holtmann Dirk 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMicroscopy is mostly the method of choice to analyse biofilms. Due to the high local heterogeneity of biofilms, single and punctual analyses only give an incomplete insight into the local distribution of biofilms. In order to retrieve statistically significant results a quantitative method for biofilm thickness measurements was developed based on confocal laser scanning microscopy and the programming language R. The R‐script allows the analysis of large image volumes with little hands‐on work and outputs statistical information on homogeneity of surface coverage and overall biofilm thickness. The applicability of the script was shown in microbial fuel cell experiments. It was found that Geobacter sulfurreducens responds differently to poised anodes of different material so that the optimum potential for MFC on poised ITO anodes had to be identified with respect to maximum current density, biofilm thickness and MFC start‐up time. Thereby, a positive correlation between current density and biofilm thickness was found, but with no direct link to the applied potential. The optimum potential turned out to be +0.1 V versus SHE. The script proved to be a valuable stand‐alone tool to quantify biofilm thickness in a statistically valid manner, which is required in many studies.
Investigation on emission, performance, and combustion distinctiveness of bael seed cake pyrolysis oil/nano biochar/diesel blend fuelled in a compression ignition engine
Authors: Paramasivam Baranitharan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe fossil fuel depletion, harmful emissions, and loss in biodiversity led researches to move toward alternative fuel and fuel up gradation techniques. This study emphasizes on effect of novel Aegle marmelos organic biochar nanoparticles (AMBNs) as an additive to Aegle marmelos (AM) pyrolysis oil blend and their influence on combustion, performance, and emission behavior of diesel engine. The AMBNs are mixed with pyrolysis oil‐diesel blend in the concentration of 25 ppm, and 50 ppm by using ultrasonicator. The physicochemical properties of test fuel opuses were studied. Engine analysis was conducted on direct injection, four‐stroke, and single‐cylinder diesel engine. The experimental investigation was carried out at a constant speed of 1500 rpm and a standard compression ratio of 17.5:1 at varying engine load conditions. The engine behavior of pyrolysis oil‐diesel‐AMB nano additives opuses was compared with neat diesel (ND). The augmenting AMBNs additive to fuel blend has enhanced the combustion, performance and decreasing the fuel‐burning emission. The significances of AMBN50 on engine characteristics was enriched HRR of 53.73 J/deg CA have been obtained, which is 49.41 J/deg CA for neat diesel at peak load. Similarly, higher CP was achieved in AMBN50 of 64.09 bar at CA of 8° after TDC, which is 63.22 bar for diesel fuel at full load condition. The recommended fuel blend AMBN50 exhibits 13.24% of higher BTE, 27.57% lower CO, 19.11% lower HC, 18.46% higher CO2 emissions as compared with ND. Experimental output responses reveal that new hybrid AMBN50 fuel opus is suggested to attain the suitable engine characteristics for a green and eco‐friendly environment.
Understanding historical earthquakes by mapping coseismic landslides in the Loess Plateau, northwest China
Authors: Xu Yueren , Liu‐Zeng Jing , Allen Mark B. , Du Peng , Zhang Weiheng , Li Wenqiao , Tian Qinjian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLocating the epicenters and quantifying the magnitudes of historical earthquakes are important, yet difficult, tasks. These tasks often entail estimating seismic intensities based on written documentation, which suffers from biases and uncertainties that are difficult to evaluate. However, past strong earthquakes may trigger numerous landslides that remain in the landscape to the present day, whose number and distribution are correlated with the magnitude and location of the earthquakes. Thus, mapping historical coseismic landslides may provide a useful tool for re‐evaluating the magnitudes of historical earthquakes. We use remote sensing images to map landslides in the southern Loess Plateau, China. We suggested thatc. 5000 preserved landslides are related to the 734ceTianshui earthquake. These landslides are densely distributed along a c. 70‐km‐long section of the West Qinling Fault. Based on the assumption that the length of the zone in which substantial landslides occurred is equal to the fault rupture length, we estimated aMwof 7.2 for the 734ceTianshui event, which is similar to previous estimates (Mw = 6.8–7.5). We confirmed that the 1920ceHaiyuan, 1718ceTongwei, and 1654ceLixian earthquakes did not contribute to the historical landslides observed in the study area by combination of the mapping and Chinese related literature. We estimated anMwof 7.0 for the 1654ceLixian earthquake, which is lower than previous estimates (Mw = 8.0). We suggest that coseismic landslide of medium and large sizes with areas > 104 m2can be used as a criterion to locating and quantifying historical earthquakes, thereby reducing uncertainties in the estimated magnitudes of historical earthquakes that lack instrument records.
Untangling the controls on bedload transport in a wood‐loaded river with RFID tracers and linear mixed modelling
Authors: Clark Miles J. , Bennett Georgina L. , Ryan‐Burkett Sandra E. , Sear David A. , Franco Aldina M. A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBedload transport is a fundamental process by which coarse sediment is transferred through landscapes by river networks and may be well described stochastically by distributions of grain step length and rest time obtained through tracer studies. To date, none of these published tracer studies have specifically investigated the influence of large wood in the river channel on sediment transport dynamics, limiting the applicability of stochastic sediment transport models in these settings. Large wood is a major component of many forested rivers and is increasing due to anthropogenic ‘Natural Flood Management’ (NFM) practices. This study aims to investigate and model the influence of large wood on grain‐scale bedload transport.We tagged 957 cobble to pebble sized particles (D50 = 73 mm) and 28 pieces of large wood (> 1 m in length) with radio frequency identification (RFID) tracers in an alpine mountain stream. We monitored the transport distance of tracers annually over 3 years, building distributions of tracer transport distances with which to compare with published distributions from wood free settings. We also applied linear mixed modelling (LMM), to tease out the influence of wood from other controls on likelihood of entrainment, deposition, and the transport distances of sediments.Tracer sediments accumulated both upstream and downstream of large wood pieces, with LMM analysis confirming a reduction in the probability of entrainment of tracers closer to wood in all 3 years. Upon remobilization, tracers entrained from positions closer to large wood had shorter subsequent transport distances in each year. In 2019, large wood also had a trapping effect, significantly reducing the transport distances of tracer particles entrained from upstream, that is forcing premature deposition of tracers. This study demonstrates the role of large wood in influencing bedload transport in alpine stream environments, with implications for both natural and anthropogenic addition of wood debris in fluvial environments.
Improved Biogas Production from Human Excreta Using Chicken Feather Powder: A Sustainable Option to Eradicating Poverty
Authors: Emetere Moses E. , Chikwendu L. , Afolalu S. A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIt has been proposed that providing energy for cooking and lighting would solve over 65% of energy needs in rural communities. The use of biomass resources has been found not sustainable as other bioproducts such as biodiesel and bioethanol depend on it. More so that there is a depletion of bioresources in some parts of the world. The shift into animal waste such as poultry droppings and cattle dung has huge prospects, but it is not sustainable in the long term as rural farmers depend on it. The use of human excreta is the most available and sustainable due to the human population. This research aims to provide a workable blueprint of biogas production to meet energy needs. The research considers a laboratory‐scale experiment whose result is used to project the medium‐scale biodigester. Microbial culturing from human waste is used to initiate the codigestion of human excreta and powdered chicken feathers. It is observed that this procedure drastically reduces the high nitrogen content in the biogas and improves its methane and carbon dioxide content. It is observed that the scaled‐up biodigester in a worst case scenario can function at 67%. Design parameters are documented for the onward adoption of the technique.
Social isolation trajectories in midlife and later‐life: patterns and associations with health
Authors: Luo Mengsha , Li Lydia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesSocial isolation has objective and subjective dimensions. Few studies have simultaneously examined trajectories of both dimensions. We integrated multiple indicators of both dimensions to identify social isolation trajectory patterns and investigated how different patterns were related to adults’ physical, mental, cognitive, and self‐rated health.MethodsWe used latent class growth modeling to examine social isolation trajectory patterns, based on data from the 2008—2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (N = 6457). Mixed‐effect linear models were used to examine how trajectory patterns were associated with functional limitations, depressive symptoms, memory deficits, and self‐rated health over the 8‐year study period.ResultsFour social isolation trajectory patterns were identified: severe isolation (15.4%), moderate isolation (37.6%), some objective and rare subjective isolation (35.4%), and rare objective and low subjective isolation (11.6%). Social isolation trajectory patterns showed a gradient in all health domains. The rare objective and low subjective isolation group had the best health (i.e., the fewest functional limitations, depressive symptoms, and memory deficits and the best self‐rated health); the some objective and rare subjective isolation group had the next best health; the moderate isolation group had the second worst health; and the severe isolation group had the worst health.ConclusionsThe prevalence and stability of severe and moderate social isolation suggest it may be necessary to address social isolation at the national level. The most favorable health outcomes associated with the rare objective and low subjective isolation group supports interventions to strengthen social networks and engagement midlife and later‐life.
A synergistic interaction between HDAC‐ and PARP inhibitors in childhood tumors with chromothripsis
Authors: Khalid Umar , Simovic Milena , Hammann Linda A. , Iskar Murat , Wong John K. L. , Kumar Rithu , Jugold Manfred , Sill Martin , Bolkestein Michiel , Kolb Thorsten , Hergt Michaela , Devens Frauke , Ecker Jonas , Kool Marcel , Milde Till , Westermann Frank , Benner Axel , Lewis Joe , Dietrich Sascha , Pfister Stefan M. , Lichter Peter , Zapatka Marc , Ernst Aurélie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChromothripsis is a form of genomic instability characterized by the occurrence of tens to hundreds of clustered DNA double‐strand breaks in a one‐off catastrophic event. Rearrangements associated with chromothripsis are detectable in numerous tumor entities and linked with poor prognosis in some of these, such as Sonic Hedgehog medulloblastoma, neuroblastoma and osteosarcoma. Hence, there is a need for therapeutic strategies eliminating tumor cells with chromothripsis. Defects in DNA double‐strand break repair, and in particular homologous recombination repair, have been linked with chromothripsis. Targeting DNA repair deficiencies by synthetic lethality approaches, we performed a synergy screen using drug libraries (n = 375 compounds, 15 models) combined with either a PARP inhibitor or cisplatin. This revealed a synergistic interaction between the HDAC inhibitor romidepsin and PARP inhibition. Functional assays, transcriptome analyses and in vivo validation in patient‐derived xenograft mouse models confirmed the efficacy of the combinatorial treatment.
Is the Fisher effect asymmetric? Cointegration analysis and expectations measurement
Authors: Cushman David O. , De Vita Glauco , Trachanas Emmanouil 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUsing U.S. post‐war data, we investigate whether the interest rate response to inflation known as the Fisher effect could be asymmetric. The asymmetry considered is that the long‐run change in the interest rate is larger when inflation rises than when it falls. The possibility follows from behavioural hypotheses about the relationship of inflation expectations to actual inflation. Using an asymmetric cointegration approach, we find asymmetric cointegration in the Fisher effect for the post‐war period through 1979, but not subsequently. We then find that starting in 1980, a breakdown developed in the relationship between inflation expectations from surveys and actual recent inflation rates, a breakdown not accounted for by asymmetry. If the survey results approximate true expectations, then econometric testing using actual recent inflation to compute expected inflation will suffer from mismeasurement, which could explain the finding of no cointegrating Fisher effect post‐1979. The paper accounts for breakpoints and uses bootstrapping to conservatively estimate statistical significance.
Being Digital: Why Addressing Culture and Creating a Digital Mindset are Critical to Successful Transformation
Authors: Forsythe John , Rafoth Jason 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTTechnology continues to drive nearly every aspect of our daily lives – both personal and professional. As organizations race, and sometimes fail, to adopt digital change, we must continually ask ourselves what drives a successful digital transformation?We believe that true transformational change can only be achieved when technology & culture are in lockstep, creating the necessary Digital Mindset to not only deploy the correct solutions, but the right organizational culture is in place to adopt and accelerate the technical change. Being Digital is about more than the technology an organization deploys; it is about the very fabric of that organization's character — their Digital DNA.Only when we fully cultivate the right mindset can we set the conditions for the right culture to flourish and ascend from merely doing digital things to truly Being Digital.