bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlates of the country differences in the infection and mortality rates during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from Bayesian model averaging
Authors: Stojkoski Viktor , Utkovski Zoran , Jolakoski Petar , Tevdovski Dragan , Kocarev Ljupcho 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic resulted in great discrepancies in both infection and mortality rates between countries. Besides the biological and epidemiological factors, a multitude of social and economic criteria also influenced the extent to which these discrepancies appeared. Consequently, there is an active debate regarding the critical socio-economic and health factors that correlate with the infection and mortality rates outcome of the pandemic. Here, we leverage Bayesian model averaging techniques and country level data to investigate whether 28 variables, which describe a diverse set of health and socio-economic characteristics, correlate with the final number of infections and deaths during the first wave of the coronavirus pandemic. We show that only a few variables are able to robustly correlate with these outcomes. To understand the relationship between the potential correlates in explaining the infection and death rates, we create a Jointness Space. Using this space, we conclude that the extent to which each variable is able to provide a credible explanation for the COVID-19 infections/mortality outcome varies between countries because of their heterogeneous features.
Low-dimensional physics of clay particle size distribution and layer ordering
Authors: Wang Yifeng , Wang Michael 
Published: May 2022

AbstractClays are known for their small particle sizes and complex layer stacking. We show here that the limited dimension of clay particles arises from the lack of long-range order in low-dimensional systems. Because of its weak interlayer interaction, a clay mineral can be treated as two separate low-dimensional systems: a 2D system for individual phyllosilicate layers and a quasi-1D system for layer stacking. The layer stacking or ordering in an interstratified clay can be described by a 1D Ising model while the limited extension of individual phyllosilicate layers can be related to a 2D Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless transition. This treatment allows for a systematic prediction of clay particle size distributions and layer stacking as controlled by the physical and chemical conditions for mineral growth and transformation. Clay minerals provide a useful model system for studying a transition from a 1D to 3D system in crystal growth and for a nanoscale structural manipulation of a general type of layered materials.
Seed priming with selenium and zinc nanoparticles modifies germination, growth, and yield of direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Adhikary Saju , Biswas Benukar , Chakraborty Debashis , Timsina Jagadish , Pal Srikumar , Chandra Tarafdar Jagadish , Banerjee Saon , Hossain Akbar , Roy Sovan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDirect-seeded rice (DSR) seeds are often exposed to multiple environmental stresses in the field, leading to poor emergence, growth and productivity. Appropriate seed priming agents may help to overcome these challenges by ensuring uniform seed germination, and better seedling stand establishment. To examine the effectiveness of sodium selenite (Na-selenite), sodium selenate (Na-selenate), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), and their combinations as priming agents for DSR seeds, a controlled pot experiment followed by a field experiment over two consecutive years was conducted on a sandy clay loam soil (Inceptisol) in West Bengal, India. Priming with combinations of all priming agents had advantages over the hydro-priming treatment (control). All the combinations of the three priming agents resulted in the early emergence of seedlings with improved vigour. In the field experiment, all the combinations increased the plant chlorophyll, phenol and protein contents, leaf area index and duration, crop growth rate, uptake of nutrients (N, P, K, B, Zn and Si), and yield of DSR over the control. Our findings suggest that seed priming with the combination of ZnO-NPs, Na-selenite, and Na-selenate could be a viable option for the risk mitigation in DSR.
Correlation between seismic activity and tidal stress perturbations highlights growing instability within the brittle crust
Authors: Zaccagnino Davide , Telesca Luciano , Doglioni Carlo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFaults become more and more responsive to stress perturbations as instability mounts. We utilize this property in order to identify the different phases of the seismic cycle. Our analysis provides new insights about the features of impending mainshocks, which are proposed to emerge from a large-scale crustal-weakening preparation process whose duration depends on their seismic moments, according to the power-law T$$\propto$$∝M$$_{0}^{1/3}$$01/3for M$$_{0}$$0$$\le$$≤10$$^{19}$$19N m. Moreover, further studies are performed about the impact of tidal stress perturbation on seismicity; in particular, the relationship between frequency-magnitude scaling and perturbations is discussed, showing that the sensitivity of earthquakes to solid Earth tides decreases as their magnitudes increase.
Twist-resilient and robust ferroelectric quantum spin Hall insulators driven by van der Waals interactions
Authors: Marrazzo Antimo , Gibertini Marco 
Published: May 2022

AbstractQuantum spin Hall insulators (QSHI) have been proposed to power several applications, many of which rely on the possibility to switch on and off the non-trivial topology. Typically this control is achieved through strain or electric fields, which require energy consumption to be maintained. On the contrary, a non-volatile mechanism would be highly beneficial and could be realized through ferroelectricity if opposite polarization states are associated with different topological phases. While this is not possible in a single ferroelectric material where the two polarization states are related by inversion, the necessary asymmetry could be introduced by combining a ferroelectric layer with another two-dimensional (2D) trivial insulator. Here, by means of first-principles simulations, not only we propose that this is a promising strategy to engineer non-volatile ferroelectric control of topological order in 2D heterostructures, but also that the effect is robust and can survive up to room temperature, irrespective of the weak van der Waals coupling between the layers. We illustrate the general idea by considering a heterostructure made of a well-known ferroelectric material, In2Se3, and a suitably chosen, easily exfoliable trivial insulator, CuI. In one polarization state the system is trivial, while it becomes a QSHI with a sizable band gap upon polarization reversal. Remarkably, the topological band gap is mediated by the interlayer hybridization and allows to maximize the effect of intralayer spin-orbit coupling, promoting a robust ferroelectric topological phase that could not exist in monolayer materials and is resilient against relative orientation and lattice matching between the layers.
Genome-wide association and Mendelian randomization study of blood copper levels and 213 deep phenotypes in humans
Authors: Yang Wenjun , Li Longman , Feng Xiuming , Cheng Hong , Ge Xiaoting , Bao Yu , Huang Lulu , Wang Fei , Liu Chaoqun , Chen Xing , Mo Zengnan , Yang Xiaobo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMetal elements are present in the human body, and their levels in the blood have important impacts on health. In this study, 2488 Chinese individuals were included in a genome-wide association study of 21 serum metal levels, with approximately 179,000 East Asian individuals in a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, and 628,000 Europeans in a two-sample MR analysis. We identified two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs35691438 and rs671 that were significantly associated with serum copper levels (SCLs). The bidirectional two-sample MR analysis in the East Asian population showed that gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels have a causal effect on SCLs. SCLs have causal effects on six outcomes, namely risks of esophageal varix, glaucoma, sleep apnea syndrome, and systemic lupus erythematosus, white blood cell count, and usage of drugs affecting bone structure and mineralization. The two-sample MR analyses in the European population showed causal effects of erythrocyte copper levels on risks of carpal tunnel syndrome and compression fracture. Our results provide original insights into the causal relationship between blood metal levels and multiple human phenotypes.
Polarity protein SCRIB interacts with SLC3A2 to regulate proliferation and tamoxifen resistance in ER+ breast cancer
Authors: Saito Yasuhiro , Matsuda Shiori , Ohnishi Naomi , Endo Keiko , Ashitani Sanae , Ohishi Maki , Ueno Ayano , Tomita Masaru , Ueda Koji , Soga Tomoyoshi , Muthuswamy Senthil K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEstrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer represents 75% of all breast cancers in women. Although patients with ER+ cancers receive endocrine therapies, more than 30% develop resistance and succumb to the disease, highlighting the need to understand endocrine resistance. Here we show an unexpected role for the cell polarity protein SCRIB as a tumor-promoter and a regulator of endocrine resistance in ER-positive breast cancer cells. SCRIB expression is induced by estrogen signaling in a MYC-dependent manner. SCRIB interacts with SLC3A2, a heteromeric component of leucine amino acid transporter SLC7A5. SLC3A2 binds to the N-terminus of SCRIB to facilitate the formation of SCRIB/SLC3A2/LLGL2/SLC7A5 quaternary complex required for membrane localization of the amino acid transporter complex. Both SCRIB and SLC3A2 are required for cell proliferation and tamoxifen resistance in ER+ cells identifying a new role for the SCRIB/SLC3A2 complex in ER+ breast cancer.
Traffic restrictions during the 2008 Olympic Games reduced urban heat intensity and extent in Beijing
Authors: Yang Bo , Liu Hongxing , Kang Emily L. , Hawthorne Timothy L. , Tong Susanna T. Y. , Shu Song , Xu Min 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSatellite thermal remote sensing has been utilized to examine the urban heat dynamics in relation to the urban traffic restriction policy. During the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, the traffic volume was approximately cut off by half through the road space rationing. Based on daily MODIS satellite thermal observations on the surface temperature, statistical models were developed to analyze the contribution of traffic volume reduction to the urban heat intensity and spatial extent. Our analyses show that cutting off half of the traffic volume has led to a marked decrease in the mean surface temperature by 1.5–2.4 °C and shrinkage of the heat extent by 820 km2in Beijing. This research suggests that the impact of urban traffic on heat intensity is considerably larger than previously thought, and the management of urban traffic and vehicle fossil fuel use should be included in the future urban heat mitigation plan.
Verbesserung der körperlichen und kognitiven Leistung einer
79-jährigen Patientin mit Typ-2 Diabetes mellitus durch
Exergaming
Authors: Masoud Magd , Amerkamp Jessica , Schwarzer Janina , Hülsdünker Thorben , Predel Hans-Georg , Brinkmann Christian 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDieser Case Report beschreibt die erfolgreiche Therapie einer 79-jährigen
Patientin mit Typ-2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mittels der innovativen
Trainingsform Exergaming (Sport mit interaktiver Nutzung einer Spielkonsole).
Die Patientin stellte sich mit einer 11-jährigen Historie der Erkrankung
vor. Sie wies zudem eine medikamentös eingestellte arterielle Hypertonie
und Hypothyreose auf. Durch ein 3-monatiges Training, bei dem motorische und
kognitive Aufgaben bei verschiedenen Bewegungsspielen ausgeführt wurden,
konnte die Patientin ihr Körpergewicht reduzieren (pre: 85,6 kg,
post: 81,0 kg) und ihren Langzeitblutzuckerwert, glykiertes
Hämoglobin (HbA1c), deutlich verbessern (pre: 8,9%, post:
8,0%). Die maximale Sauerstoffaufnahme (VO2peak) konnte um fast das
Doppelte gesteigert werden (pre: 10,9 ml/min/kg, post:
19,2 ml/min/kg). In zahlreichen Variablen von diversen
Kognitionstests (Mini-Mental-Status-Test, Trail-Making-Test, Determinationstest,
Response-Inhibition-Test) zeigten sich ebenfalls deutliche Verbesserungen.
Dieser Fall zeigt die Machbarkeit und Effektivität von Exergaming zur
Bekämpfung von T2DM und kognitiven Funktionsverlusten im höheren
Alter.
Erweiterte Leberresektion mit komplexer Gefäßrekonstruktion bei fortgeschrittener alveolärer Echinokokkose der Leber
Authors: Tripke Verena , Huber Tobias , Baumgart Janine , Heinrich Stefan , Lang Hauke 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Infektion mit Echinococcus multilocularis ist in Deutschland selten. Der Goldstandard in der Therapie des E. multilocularis ist die komplette chirurgische
Resektion mit Sicherheitsabstand, die mitunter jedoch sehr anspruchsvoll sein kann.
Fallbeschreibung Wir präsentieren den Fall eines ausgedehnten Leberbefalls mit Infiltration der linken und mittleren Lebervene sowie partieller Infiltration der rechten
Lebervene und der V. cava inferior. Zur Operationsplanung wurde eine CT-basierte dreidimensionale Rekonstruktion der Leber durchgeführt. Es wurde eine erweiterte Hemihepatektomie
links (Segmente 1–5 und partiell 8) mit tangentialer Resektion der V. cava und segmentaler Resektion der rechten Lebervene durchgeführt. Die rechte Lebervene konnte End-zu-End, die
V. cava mittels bovinem Perikard-Patch rekonstruiert werden. Dadurch konnte eine R0-Resektion erreicht werden.
Schlussfolgerung Zur Erreichung einer R0-Resektion bei einer hepatischen Infektion mit E. multilocularis können ausgedehnte Gefäßresektionen und -rekonstruktionen
erforderlich sein. Die Operationsplanung anhand der dreidimensionalen Rekonstruktion ermöglichte im vorliegenden Fall die detaillierte Evaluation einer kurativen Resektion.
Screening auf Mangelernährung bei Kopf-Hals-Tumor-Patienten vor onkologischer Therapie
Authors: Lehner Uta , Zaretsky Eugen , Goeze Almut , Wermter Laura , Birk Richard , Neff Andreas , Fisher Ingo , Ghanaati Shahram , Daffner Anna , Sader Robert , Hey Christiane 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Patienten mit einem Kopf-Hals-Tumor besitzen ein hohes Risiko, peri- bzw. posttherapeutisch eine Mangelernährung zu entwickeln, die den onkologischen Therapieerfolg entscheidend beeinflussen kann. Prätherapeutisch ist hierüber wenig bekannt. Daher ist das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie die prätherapeutische systematische Erfassung des Ernährungszustandes und des Risikos für das Auftreten einer Mangelernährung.
Material und Methoden Bei 102 Kopf-Hals-Tumor-Patienten erfolgte die prätherapeutische Untersuchung des Ernährungszustandes via Body-Mass-Index (BMI) sowie des Risikos für Mangelernährung via „Nutritional Risk Screening“ (NRS). An möglichen Einflussfaktoren wurden Tumorstadium, -lokalisation, Patientenalter, -geschlecht und das Bestehen einer oropharyngealen Dysphagie, identifiziert über Flexible Endoskopische Evaluation des Schluckvorgangs (FEES), analysiert.
Ergebnisse Eine Mangel- bzw. Unterernährung, bemessen am BMI, bestand prätherapeutisch bei bereits 6% der Patienten, ein Risiko für Mangelernährung laut NRS bei 27%, eine oropharyngeale Dysphagie bei 15%. Nur das Vorliegen einer oropharyngealen Dysphagie erwies sich in der linearen Regression als signifikanter Einflussfaktor auf das Risiko einer Mangelernährung (β = 0,380/3,776; p < 0,001).
Schlussfolgerungen Bereits prätherapeutisch besteht ein Risiko einer Mangelernährung bei einem Viertel der Kopf-Hals-Tumor-Patienten. Um dieses frühzeitig zu erkennen und um bereits zu Beginn der onkologischen Therapie Maßnahmen zu ihrer Vermeidung einzuleiten, empfiehlt sich daher bereits prätherapeutisch die Untersuchung des Schluckvermögens sowie das systematische Screening auf Mangelernährung via NRS.
α-C–H Photoalkylation of a Glucose Derivative in Continuous Flow
Authors: Minnaard Adriaan J. , Mouthaan Marc L. M. C. , Pouwer Kees , Borst Mark L. G. , Witte Martin D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSite-selective photoalkylation is a powerful strategy to extend the carbon framework of carbohydrates, otherwise often attainable only through laborious syntheses. This work describes the adaptation and upscaling of the photoalkylation of a glucose derivative as a continuous flow process. The reported iridium catalyst is replaced by an organic sensitizer and the reaction has been carried out on 40-gram scale.
The Synthesis and Application of 2-Cyano and -Ester Containing Anilines: Selective Copper-Catalyzed Reductive Amination, N-Benz­ylation, and Cyclization Reactions
Authors: Xie Feng , Li Bin , Huang Ziwei , Lin Zirui , Mai Jiexiong , Lv Shaohuan , Yuan Youxue , Zhang Wenbing , Qian Fan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA convenient and practical pathway to 2-cyano and 2-ester anilines is described via efficient and selective copper(II)-catalyzed reductive amination via hydrosilylation process. Both 2-cyano and 2-ester anilines were successfully synthesized with good functional group tolerance and high selectivity. The application of the 2-cyano and -iodine containing anilines was developed in the synthesis of indoloindole derivatives via CuSO4-catalyzed N-benzylation and cyclization reaction in ‘one pot’. More interestingly, the photophysical property investigations of these 2-cyano and 2-ester containing anilines exhibit excellent fluorescent properties, which have great potential application in the development of interesting near-ultraviolet optical devices in the near future.
Clinical and Genetic Aspects of Childhood-Onset Demyelinating Charcot–Marie–Tooth's Disease in Brazil
Authors: Machado Roberta Ismael Lacerda , Souza Paulo Victor Sgobbi de , Farias Igor Braga , Badia Bruno de Mattos Lombardi , Filho José Marcos Vieira de Albuquerque , Lima Ricello José Vieira , Pinto Wladimir Bocca Vieira de Rezende , Oliveira Acary Souza Bulle 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCharcot–Marie–Tooth's disease (CMT) represents the most common inherited neuropathy. Most patients are diagnosed during late stages of disease course during adulthood. We performed a review of clinical, neurophysiological, and genetic diagnoses of 32 patients with genetically defined childhood-onset demyelinating CMT under clinical follow-up in a Brazilian Center for Neuromuscular Diseases from January 2015 to December 2019. The current mean age was 33.1 ± 18.3 years (ranging from 7 to 71 years) and mean age at defined genetic diagnosis was 36.1 ± 18.3 years. The mean age at onset was 6.1 ± 4.4 years. The most common initial complaint was bilateral pes cavus. The genetic basis included PMP22 duplication (CMT1A) (n = 18), GJB1 (CMTX1) (n = 5), MPZ (CMT1B) (n = 3), FIG4 (CMT4J) (n = 3), SH3TC2 (CMT4C) (n = 1), PLEKHG5 (CMTRIC) (n = 1), and PRX (CMT4F) (n = 1). Almost all patients (n = 31) presented with moderate or severe compromise in the CMT neuropathy score 2 with the highest values observed in CMT1B. Medical history disclosed obstructive sleep apnea (n = 5), aseptic meningitis (n = 1/MPZ), akinetic-rigid parkinsonism (n = 1/FIG4), and overlapping chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (n = 1/MPZ). Motor conduction block was detected in three individuals (PMP22, FIG4, MPZ). Acute denervation occurred in seven patients. Nonuniform demyelinating patterns were seen in four individuals (two CMT1A, one CMT1B, and one CMTX1). Abnormal cerebral white matter findings were detected in CMT1A and CMTX1, while hypertrophic roots were seen in CMT1A, CMT1B, and CMTX1. Our study emphasizes a relative oligogenic basis in childhood-onset demyelinating CMT and atypical findings may be observed especially in MPZ, PMP22, and GJB1 gene variants.
Prediction and Statistical Evaluation of Speech Recognition Test Scores
Authors: Studebaker Gerald A. , Gray Ginger A. , Branch William E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA speech test evaluation and presentation system is described. The test presentation subsystem has the flexibility and speed of live-voice testing while using recorded test materials. The speech test evaluation subsystem compares an individual subject's test performance on a monosyllabic word test with that of an average person with the same hearing loss. The elements needed to make such evaluations are discussed. Also, a trial of the procedure is described. The primary purpose of the trial was to obtain data that would provide a basis for statistical probability statements about individual monosyllabic word test results obtained in clinical settings. Data were collected from three audiology clinics in three different types of settings. Except for a few cases with highly asymmetric speech scores, all nonconductive hearing losses were included. Subject ages ranged from 8 to 92 years. Importance-weighted average pure-tone hearing losses ranged from 0.4 to 97.6 dB HL. Fifty-word recognition scores and audiograms for 2609 ears were included in the main analysis. Twenty-five-word recognition scores and audiograms for another 932 ears from one clinic were used in a subsidiary analysis. Results indicated that distributions of absolute speech recognition scores in hearing-impaired samples are highly skewed. However, after transformation of the scores into rationalized arcsine units (rau), the differences between individual subject scores and scores predicted from the audiogram were reasonably well described by the normal distribution. The standard deviation of this distribution of differences, for the data combined across the three audiology clinics, was approximately 13 rau.
Abbreviations: AI = articulation index, CD = compact disc, FIF = frequency importance function, HLD = hearing loss desensitization, IIF = intensity importance function, IWHL = importance-weighted hearing loss, MSHC = Memphis Speech and Hearing Center, MVAH = Memphis Veterans Administration Hospital, NU-6 = Northwestern University Auditory Test No. 6, PL = presentation level, rau = rationalized arcsine units, SII = speech intelligibility index, SL = sensation level, SLD = speech level desensitization, STEPS = Speech Test Evaluation and Presentation System, SRT = speech recognition threshold, STI = speech transmission index, TF = transfer function, UMMS = University of Maryland Medical System, WAI = weighted audibility index
Marine anoxia linked to abrupt global warming during Earth’s penultimate icehouse
Authors: Chen Jitao , Montañez Isabel P. , Zhang Shuang , Isson Terry T. , Macarewich Sophia I. , Planavsky Noah J. , Zhang Feifei , Rauzi Sofia , Daviau Kierstin , Yao Le , Qi Yu-ping , Wang Yue , Fan Jun-xuan , Poulsen Christopher J. , Anbar Ariel D. , Shen Shu-zhong , Wang Xiang-dong 
Published: May 2022

SignificanceMassive carbon (C) release with abrupt warming has occurred repeatedly during greenhouse states, and these events have driven episodes of ocean deoxygenation and extinction. Records from these paleo events, coupled with biogeochemical modeling, provide clear evidence that with continued warming, the modern oceans will experience substantial deoxygenation. There are, however, few constraints from the geologic record on the effects of rapid warming under icehouse conditions. We document a C-cycle perturbation that occurred under an Earth system state experiencing recurrent glaciation. A suite of proxies suggests increased seafloor anoxia during this event in step with abrupt increase in CO2partial pressure and a biodiversity nadir. Warming-mediated increases in marine anoxia may be more pronounced in a glaciated versus unglaciated climate state.