bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building FAIR Functionality: Annotating Events in Time Series Data Using Hierarchical Event Descriptors (HED)
Authors: Robbins Kay , Truong Dung , Jones Alexander , Callanan Ian , Makeig Scott 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHuman electrophysiological and related time series data are often acquired in complex, event-rich environments. However, the resulting recorded brain or other dynamics are often interpreted in relation to more sparsely recorded or subsequently-noted events. Currently a substantial gap exists between the level of event description required by current digital data archiving standards and the level of annotation required for successful analysis of event-related data across studies, environments, and laboratories. Manifold challenges must be addressed, most prominently ontological clarity, vocabulary extensibility, annotation tool availability, and overall usability, to allow and promote sharing of data with an effective level of descriptive detail for labeled events. Motivating data authors to perform the work needed to adequately annotate their data is a key challenge. This paper describes new developments in the Hierarchical Event Descriptor (HED) system for addressing these issues. We recap the evolution of HED and its acceptance by the Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) movement, describe the recent release of HED-3G, a third generation HED tools and design framework, and discuss directions for future development. Given consistent, sufficiently detailed, tool-enabled, field-relevant annotation of the nature of recorded events, prospects are bright for large-scale analysis and modeling of aggregated time series data, both in behavioral and brain imaging sciences and beyond.
Gender and the pandemic: Associations between caregiving, working from home, personal and career outcomes for women and men
Authors: Stefanova Vasilena , Farrell Lynn , Latu Ioana 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe coronavirus pandemic lockdowns have led to an increase of caregiving and household responsibilities for many employees while working from home. We aimed to investigate whether there was a gender imbalance in the division of household labour within families during the pandemic, and whether this imbalance was associated with gender differences in personal outcomes (work-family conflict, burnout) as well as career-related outcomes (career self-efficacy and aspirations). Participants were 240 heterosexual individuals with or without caregiving responsibilities who lived with a partner and worked from home during the pandemic. They completed self-report questionnaires and indicated the division of domestic tasks within their household, the extent to which they experienced burnout and work-family conflict, and their career aspirations and career self-efficacy. The findings showed a significant gender imbalance, such that female caregivers spent significantly less time on work compared to the other groups and significantly more time on caregiving compared to male caregivers during the lockdown. There was a significant direct effect of caregiving on career outcomes for women, such that the more caregiving women performed during the lockdown relative to other tasks, the more negative their self-reported career outcomes were. Among men, caregiving did not predict career outcomes. Overall, our study showed that the gender imbalance in distributions of caregiving duties during the pandemic is associated with negative personal and professional outcomes for women who are caregivers. Practical implications are discussed accounting for this gender imbalance in the context of the pandemic and its influence on wellbeing and career outcomes, particularly for heterosexual women.
Micromechanical Tests on Natural Fibre Composites with Enzymatically Enhanced Fibre–Matrix Adhesion
Authors: Brodowsky Hanna M. , Hennig Anne 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Natural fibre–reinforced composites are more sustainable than other composites with respect to the raw materials. Their properties are attractive due to high specific properties, and especially so wherever high damping is valued. As the interphase between fibre and matrix is the region of highest stresses, a strong bond between fibre and matrix is essential for any composites’ properties. The present study compares two methods of determining the interfacial shear stress in natural fibre–reinforced composites: the single fibre fragmentation test and the single fibre pullout test. The studied composites are flax fibre reinforced epoxy. For a variety of fibre–matrix interaction, the fibres are treated with a laccase enzyme and dopamine, which is known to improve the fibre–matrix shear strength. In the observed samples, single fibre fragmentation test data, i.e. of fracture mode and fragment length, scatter when compared to pullout data. In single fibre pullout tests, the local interfacial shear strength showed a 30% increase in the laccase-treated samples, compared to the control samples. The method also permitted an evaluation of the frictional stress occurring after surface failure.
A Simulation‐Based Framework for Earthquake Risk‐Informed and People‐Centered Decision Making on Future Urban Planning
Authors: Cremen Gemma , Galasso Carmine , McCloskey John 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNumerous approaches to earthquake risk modeling and quantification have already been proposed in the literature and/or are well established in practice. However, most of these procedures are designed to focus on risk in the context of current static exposure and vulnerability, and are therefore limited in their ability to support decisions related to the future, as yet partially unbuilt, urban landscape. We propose an end‐to‐end risk modeling framework that explicitly addresses this specific challenge. The framework is designed to consider the earthquake (ground‐shaking) risks of tomorrow's urban environment, using a simulation‐based approach to rigorously capture the uncertainties inherent in future projections of exposure as well as physical and social vulnerability. The framework also advances the state‐of‐practice in future disaster risk modeling by additionally: (a) providing a harmonized methodology for integrating physical and social impacts of disasters that facilitates flexible characterization of risk metrics beyond physical damage/asset losses; and (b) incorporating a participatory, people‐centered approach to risk‐informed decision making. The framework is showcased using the physical and social environment of an expanding synthetic city. This example application demonstrates how the framework may be used to make policy decisions related to future urban areas, based on multiple, uncertain risk drivers.
The multi-specific VH-based Humabody CB213 co-targets PD1 and LAG3 on T cells to promote anti-tumour activity
Authors: Edwards Carolyn J. , Sette Angelica , Cox Carl , Di Fiore Barbara , Wyre Chris , Sydoruk Daniela , Yadin David , Hayes Philip , Stelter Szymon , Bartlett Phillip D. , Zuazo Miren , Garcia-Granda Maria Jesus , Benedetti Giovanni , Fiaska Stratoniki , Birkett Neil R. , Teng Yumin , Enever Carrie , Arasanz Hugo , Bocanegra Ana , Chocarro Luisa , Fernandez Gonzalo , Vera Ruth , Archer Bethan , Osuch Isabelle , Lewandowska Martyna , Surani Yasmin M. , Kochan Grazyna , Escors David , Legg James , Pierce Andrew J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Improving cancer immunotherapy long-term clinical benefit is a major priority. It has become apparent that multiple axes of immune suppression restrain the capacity of T cells to provide anti-tumour activity including signalling through PD1/PD-L1 and LAG3/MHC-II.

Methods
CB213 has been developed as a fully human PD1/LAG3 co-targeting multi-specific Humabody composed of linked VH domains that avidly bind and block PD1 and LAG3 on dual-positive T cells. We present the preclinical primary pharmacology of CB213: biochemistry, cell-based function vs. immune-suppressive targets, induction of T cell proliferation ex vivo using blood obtained from NSCLC patients, and syngeneic mouse model anti-tumour activity. CB213 pharmacokinetics was assessed in cynomolgus macaques.

Results
CB213 shows picomolar avidity when simultaneously engaging PD1 and LAG3. Assessing LAG3/MHC-II or PD1/PD-L1 suppression individually, CB213 preferentially counters the LAG3 axis. CB213 showed superior activity vs. αPD1 antibody to induce ex vivo NSCLC patient T cell proliferation and to suppress tumour growth in a syngeneic mouse tumour model, for which both experimental systems possess PD1 and LAG3 suppressive components. Non-human primate PK of CB213 suggests weekly clinical administration.

Conclusions
CB213 is poised to enter clinical development and, through intercepting both PD1 and LAG3 resistance mechanisms, may benefit patients with tumours escaping front-line immunological control.
No pervasive relationship between species size and local abundance trends
Authors: Terry J. Christopher D. , O’Sullivan Jacob D. , Rossberg Axel G. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlthough there is some evidence that larger species could be more prone to population declines, the potential role of size traits in determining changes in community composition has been underexplored in global-scale analyses. Here, we combine a large cross-taxon assemblage time series database (BioTIME) with multiple trait databases to show that there is no clear correlation within communities between size traits and changes in abundance over time, suggesting that there is no consistent tendency for larger species to be doing proportionally better or worse than smaller species at local scales.
A catalogue of 1,167 genomes from the human gut archaeome
Authors: Chibani Cynthia Maria , Mahnert Alexander , Borrel Guillaume , Almeida Alexandre , Werner Almut , Brugère Jean-François , Gribaldo Simonetta , Finn Robert D. , Schmitz Ruth A. , Moissl-Eichinger Christine 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe human gut microbiome plays an important role in health, but its archaeal diversity remains largely unexplored. In the present study, we report the analysis of 1,167 nonredundant archaeal genomes (608 high-quality genomes) recovered from human gastrointestinal tract, sampled across 24 countries and rural and urban populations. We identified previously undescribed taxa including 3 genera, 15 species and 52 strains. Based on distinct genomic features, we justify the split of theMethanobrevibacter smithiiclade into two separate species, with one represented by the previously undescribed ‘CandidatusMethanobrevibacter intestini’. Patterns derived from 28,581 protein clusters showed significant associations with sociodemographic characteristics such as age groups and lifestyle. We additionally show that archaea are characterized by specific genomic and functional adaptations to the host and carry a complex virome. Our work expands our current understanding of the human archaeome and provides a large genome catalogue for future analyses to decipher its impact on human physiology.
Variation and transmission of the human gut microbiota across multiple familial generations
Authors: Valles-Colomer Mireia , Bacigalupe Rodrigo , Vieira-Silva Sara , Suzuki Shinya , Darzi Youssef , Tito Raul Y. , Yamada Takuji , Segata Nicola , Raes Jeroen , Falony Gwen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlthough the composition and functional potential of the human gut microbiota evolve over the lifespan, kinship has been identified as a key covariate of microbial community diversification. However, to date, sharing of microbiota features within families has mostly been assessed between parents and their direct offspring. Here we investigate the potential transmission and persistence of familial microbiome patterns and microbial genotypes in a family cohort (n = 102) spanning 3 to 5 generations over the same female bloodline. We observe microbiome community composition associated with kinship, with seven low abundant genera displaying familial distribution patterns. While kinship and current cohabitation emerge as closely entangled variables, our explorative analyses of microbial genotype distribution and transmission estimates point at the latter as a key covariate of strain dissemination. Highest potential transmission rates are estimated between sisters and mother–daughter pairs, decreasing with increasing daughter’s age and being higher among cohabiting pairs than those living apart. Although rare, we detect potential transmission events spanning three and four generations, primarily involving species of the generaAlistipesandBacteroides. Overall, while our analyses confirm the existence of family-bound microbiome community profiles, transmission or co-acquisition of bacterial strains appears to be strongly linked to cohabitation.
Restrained expression of canine glucocorticoid receptor splice variants α and P prognosticates fatal disease outcome in SIRS
Authors: Kállai Brigitta Margit , Csöndes Judit , Kiss Gergely , Bodrogi Lilla , Rónai Zsolt , Mészáros Tamás 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGlucocorticoids play a central role in the inflammatory response and alleviate the symptoms in critically ill patients. The glucocorticoid action relies on the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) which translocates into the nucleus upon ligand-binding and regulates transcription of a battery of genes. Although the GR is encoded by a single gene, dozens of its splice variants have been described in diverse species. The GRα isoform encodes the full, functionally active protein that is composed of a transactivation, a DNA-binding, and a C-terminal ligand-binding domain. The second most highly expressed receptor variant, the GR-P, is formed by an intron retention that introduces an early stop codon and results in a probably dysfunctional protein with truncated ligand-binding domain. We described the canine ortholog of GR-P and showed that this splice variant is highly abundant in the peripheral blood of dogs. The level of cGRα and cGR-P transcripts are elevated in patients of SIRS and the survival rate is increased with elevated cGRα and cGR-P expression. The ratio of cGRα and cGR-P mRNA did not differ between the survivor and non-survivor patients; thus, the total GR expression is more pertinent than the relative expression of GR isoforms in assessment of the disease outcome.
A global analysis of conservative and non-conservative mutations in SARS-CoV-2 detected in the first year of the COVID-19 world-wide diffusion
Authors: Balasco Nicole , Damaggio Gianluca , Esposito Luciana , Villani Flavia , Berisio Rita , Colonna Vincenza , Vitagliano Luigi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe ability of SARS-CoV-2 to rapidly mutate represents a remarkable complicancy. Quantitative evaluations of the effects that these mutations have on the virus structure/function is of great relevance and the availability of a large number of SARS-CoV-2 sequences since the early phases of the pandemic represents a unique opportunity to follow the adaptation of the virus to humans. Here, we evaluated the SARS-CoV-2 amino acid mutations and their progression by analyzing publicly available viral genomes at three stages of the pandemic (2020 March 15th and October 7th, 2021 February 7th). Mutations were classified in conservative and non-conservative based on the probability to be accepted during the evolution according to the Point Accepted Mutation substitution matrices and on the similarity of the encoding codons. We found that the most frequent substitutions are T > I, L > F, and A > V and we observe accumulation of hydrophobic residues. These findings are consistent among the three stages analyzed. We also found that non-conservative mutations are less frequent than conservative ones. This finding may be ascribed to a progressive adaptation of the virus to the host. In conclusion, the present study provides indications of the early evolution of the virus and tools for the global and genome-specific evaluation of the possible impact of mutations on the structure/function of SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Cognitive load decreases cooperation and moral punishment in a Prisoner’s Dilemma game with punishment option
Authors: Mieth Laura , Buchner Axel , Bell Raoul 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe present study serves to test whether cooperation and moral punishment are affected by cognitive load. Dual-process theories postulate that moral behavior is intuitive which leads to the prediction that cooperation and moral punishment should remain unaffected or may even increase when cognitive load is induced by a secondary task. However, it has also been proposed that cognitive control and deliberation are necessary to choose an economically costly but morally justified option. A third perspective implies that the effects of cognitive load may depend on the specific processes involved in social dilemmas. In the present study, participants played a simultaneous Prisoner’s Dilemma game with a punishment option. First, both players decided to cooperate or defect. Then they had the opportunity to punish the partners. In the cognitive-load group, cognitive load was induced by a continuous tone classification task while the no-load group had no distractor task. Under cognitive load, cooperation and moral punishment decreased in comparison to the no-load condition. By contrast, hypocritical and antisocial punishment were not influenced by the dual-task manipulation. Increased cognitive load was associated with a bias to punish the partners irrespective of the outcome of the Prisoner’s Dilemma game, suggesting that punishment was applied less purposefully in the cognitive-load condition. The present findings are thus in line with the idea that the availability of cognitive resources does not always have a suppressive effect on moral behaviors, but can have facilitating effects on cooperation and moral punishment.
Humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in five different groups of individuals at different environmental and professional risk of infection
Authors: Novello Silvia , Terzolo Massimo , Paola Berchialla , Gianetta Martina , Bianco Valentina , Arizio Francesca , Brero Dalila , Perini Anna Maria Elena , Boccuzzi Adriana , Caramello Valeria , Perboni Alberto , Bellavia Fabio , Scagliotti Giorgio Vittorio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIt is partially unknown whether the immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection persists with time. To address this issue, we detected the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in different groups of individuals previously diagnosed with COVID-19 disease (group 1 and 2), or potentially exposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection (group 3 and 4), and in a representative group of individuals with limited environmental exposure to the virus due to lockdown restrictions (group 5). The primary outcome was specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the different groups assessed by qualitative and quantitative analysis at baseline, 3 and 6 months follow-up. The seroconversion rate at baseline test was 95% in group 1, 61% in group 2, 40% in group 3, 17% in group 4 and 3% in group 5. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed male gender, close COVID-19 contact and presence of COVID-19 related symptoms strongly associated with serological positivity. The percentage of positive individuals as assessed by the qualitative and quantitative tests was superimposable. At the quantitative test, the median level of SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels measured in positive cases retested at 6-months increased significantly from baseline. The study indicates that assessing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 through qualitative and quantitative testing is a reliable disease surveillance tool.
Solving the target coverage problem in multilevel wireless networks capable of adjusting the sensing angle using continuous learning automata
Authors: Qarehkhani Azam , Golsorkhtabaramiri Mehdi , Mohamadi Hosein , Yadollahzadeh‐Tabari Meisam 
Published: December 2021

AbstractToday, a directional sensor network is a popular environment for solving the target coverage problem. Monitoring all targets in a DSN is a crucial challenge to scholars working in this field of study. Adjusting the angle and range of the sensors can be an efficient technique for improving the network performance. In this way, the network has the most extended lifespan and, at the same time, spends the least time to find the best cover set. In this method, each sensor dynamically adjusts its own sensing angle in order to find the targets by choosing the best range. The present study proposed a continuous learning automata‐based method to choose the optimum sensing angle for the sensors in a DSN. Then, to evaluate the proposed algorithm performance, its results were compared to those of a conventional automata‐based method whose algorithm worked based on continuous automata. The comparative analysis confirmed the superiority of the proposed method over the conventional automata‐based method regarding the extension of the network lifespan.
Modelling the road network capacity considering residual queues and connected automated vehicles
Authors: Zhang Peng , Yue Hao , Shao Chunfu , Zhang Xu , Ran Bin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the network capacity considering residual queues and connected automated vehicles. First, the weighted network outflow is introduced to measure the network capacity. Then, two bilevel models are built to calculate the network capacity with residual queues under the user equilibrium (UE) principle and the system optimum (SO) principle, respectively. The UE‐based network capacity model is employed to estimate the capacity of the dedicated road network for human‐driven vehicles (HVs), while the SO‐based network capacity model is employed to estimate the capacity of the dedicated road network for connected automated vehicles (CAVs). Furthermore, by combining the two proposed network capacity models, a model to allocate link capacity between CAV lanes and HV lanes to maximise the whole network capacity is presented, in which the CAV travellers’choice behaviour of driving modes is considered. Finally, through two numerical examples, the characteristics of the proposed models are demonstrated and their potential applications are discussed. The results show that the proposed models are capable of 1) identifying critical links and potential critical links of networks, 2) guiding the land‐use development and macroscopic travel demand management, 3) evaluating network optimisation schemes, and 4) allocating the road supply to CAVs and HVs efficiently.
Robust predictive current control of PWM rectifiers with LCL filters under unbalanced and distorted network conditions
Authors: Liu Xiang , Zhang Yongchang , Yang Haitao , Rodriguez Jose 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPulse‐width modulation (PWM) rectifiers with LCL filters can achieve better filtering and have lower total inductance than its counterpart of L filters. However, the control complexity is also increased due to the higher system order. Furthermore, the performance may deteriorate significantly when the inductance used in the controller deviates from its actual value due to saturation, temperature, and so on. This paper proposes a robust predictive current control (RPCC) scheme based on the ultra‐local model for LCL‐filtered PWM rectifiers. Excluding the converter voltage related term, the other part of the system including the disturbance caused by parameter mismatches and other dynamic process, can be estimated using differential algebra (DA) or an extended state observer (ESO). After obtaining , the reference voltage vector can be calculated based on the principle of deadbeat current control. The proposed RPCC is extended to an unbalanced and distorted grid by modifying the grid current reference; thus, the three‐phase grid currents are balanced and sinusoidal. The proposed RPCC based on DA and ESO is compared to the conventional model‐based predictive current control (MPCC), and the experimental results confirm its robustness and effectiveness under mismatched parameters and network disturbances.