bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of thermal and mechanical properties of polybenzoxazine obtained in an in situ polymerization with surface‐modified montmorillonite clay
Authors: Sundaramoorthy Malathi Devi , Durairajan Madhavan , Kadarkaraithangam Jeyasubramanian , Palani Vallinayagam 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA novel class of polymeric composite was prepared using benzoxazine polymer (BXP) obtained in an in situ method followed by blending a surface‐functionalized montmorillonite (MMT) clay using 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). Polymeric matrix used in this study was obtained by mixing bis phenol‐A, aniline and formaldehyde and heating at 150°C. Addition of 7.5 weight % of MMT clay functionalized with APTES formed a composite when heated with the precursors of benzoxazine polymer, forming composites (FeMMT.APTES@BXP3). The structural features of surface‐modified clay, benzoxazine polymer and their composites were confirmed through X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, Field Emission Scanning Elecron Microscope (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X‐ray Analysis(EDAX) and elemental mapping studies. Thermal characteristics of the FeMMT.APTES@BXP3 revealed a remarkable thermal stability and retained higher solid mass (63.88%) when subjected to thermogravimetric analysis. Degradation ability of polymer and their composites was also assessed through differential thermogravimetric analysis. Promising hardness features of the polymeric composites were explored by performing Rockwell hardness (RHN) tests. The FeMMT.APTES@BXP3 specimen displayed the RHN as 79 in comparison to all other obtained composites. The composites prepared through this facile method may find remarkable applications in automobile components manufacturing and in high temperature appliances.
Methionine‐associated peptide α‐amidation is directed both to the N‐ and the C‐terminal amino acids
Authors: Sajapin Johann , Kulas Annemarie , Hellwig Michael 
Published: June 2022

Peptide‐bound methionine may transfer oxidative damage from the thioether side chain to the peptide backbone, catalyzing decomposition in general and α‐amidation in particular. In the present study, we focused on the reactivity and reaction pathways of peptides. We synthesized model peptides comprising methionine or not and investigated their overall tendency towards decomposition and formation of specific products under conditions mimicking the cooking process at 100°C in buffered solution (pH 6.0) in the presence of redox‐active substances such as transition metal ions and reductones. Peptides containing methionine were more susceptible to α‐amidation under all oxidative conditions, and the products of N‐terminus‐directed α‐amidation were quantified. Exemplarily, after incubation in the presence of cupric sulfate, about 2.0 mol‐% of the overall decomposition of Z‐glycylmethionylglycine accounted for the formation of Z‐glycinamide, whereas it was below 0.1 mol‐% for Z‐glycylalanylglycine. Surprisingly and different from previous observations, C‐terminus‐directed α‐amidation was observed for the first time. From Z‐glycylmethionylglycine, the respective products were formed in higher amounts than the N‐terminus‐directed α‐amidation product Z‐glycinamide under all applied oxidation conditions. The preference of electron transfer from the amino nitrogen bound in the peptide bond directed to the C‐terminus may be ascribed to a sterically less demanding hexagonal 3‐electron‐2‐center intermediate during methionine‐catalyzed α‐amidation.
Improving teaching quality to compensate for socio‐economic disadvantages: A study of research dissemination across secondary schools in England
Authors: Riordan Sally 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSince 2011, schools in England have received funds designated for improving the educational outcomes of students facing socio‐economic disadvantages (SED). In response to concerns regarding the effective expenditure of these funds, school leaders have been increasingly required to justify their spending decisions and to demonstrate how decisions are informed by research evidence. As a consequence, schools appear to be increasingly attempting to reduce SED attainment gaps by improving the quality of teaching across the school. This article reviews this endeavour to bring research evidence to bear on classroom practice. It draws upon data from a large qualitative study of interviews with 167 school staff and a survey at 285 schools. In addition, I report on a review of 100 school policy documents, a review of the evidence, and a study of examination data and teacher attitudes at one school. I argue that the mechanisms to put research into practice are failing in this case. A wide variety of practices are being justified by a small number of studies of questionable relevance. In some schools, attempts to be guided by research have not had the expected positive impact, which has caused weariness and frustration. I also present evidence that, in some contexts, certain kinds of improvements to teaching may widen SED attainment gaps. I conclude that there are bureaucratic and linguistic faults in the mechanisms to disseminate research evidence in this case and argue that education researchers should incorporate these mechanisms more comprehensively into their field of study.
Micromotor‐Assisted Keratinocytes Migration in a Floating Paper Chip
Authors: de Dios Andres Paula , Städler Brigitte 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn vitro epidermis models are important to evaluate and study disease progression and possible dermal drug delivery. An in vitro epidermis model using floating paper chips as a scaffold for proliferation and differentiation of primary human keratinocytes is reported. The formation of the four main layers of the epidermis (i.e., basal, spinosum, granulose, and cornified layers) is confirmed. The development of a cornified layer and the tight junction formation are evaluated as well as the alterations of organelles during the differentiation process. Further, this in vitro model is used to assess keratinocyte migration. Finally, magnetic micromotors are assembled, and their ability to aid cell migration on paper chips is confirmed when a static magnetic field is present. Taken together, this attempt to combine bottom‐up synthetic biology with dermatology offers interesting opportunities for studying skin disease pathologies and evaluate possible treatments.
Microbiological quality of the water in collection areas and the tissue of Mytella falcata—Cananéia (SP, Brazil)
Authors: Rezende Karina Fernandes Oliveira , Garcia Andrea Vásquez , Campos Fatima Alessandra Deanna Buono , Barbieri Edison 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChanges in fauna and abiotic factors in estuaries are a consequence of their exploitation; thus, bivalve mollusks, as they filter, are widely used as environmental bioindicators. The aim of this study was to analyze the existence of seasonal variation in the concentration of total coliforms (TC) and thermotolerant coliforms (Ct), in addition to correlating the data obtained with the salinity and temperature in collection areas of Mytella falcata and the soft tissue cultivated in the Estuarine Complex of Cananéia. Two biweekly samples of water and tissue were taken, for 12 consecutive months, in nine cultivation areas of M. falcata. The analysis of the water samples showed that the Fisheries Institute, Mosquiteiro, and Itapitangui have high TC densities, with respective annual averages of 772.22, 592.67, and 563.75 most probable number (MPN).100 ml−1. The highest concentrations of TC and Ct occurred in the summer, in most areas. There was a decrease in both TC and Ct with increasing salinity. However, there was an increase in Ct with increasing temperature. The soft tissue showed TC densities from 9 to 26 MPN.100 ml−1 and Ct densities from 6 to 14 MPN.100 ml−1, displaying the highest counts in the summer. Places where coliforms were found in high concentrations could indicate contamination, because Ct do not support higher salinities for a long time.Practitioner Points

The general mean was 77.64 (total coliforms) and 39.35 (thermotolerant) MPN.100 ml−1.
Annual average (thermotolerant) exceeded the permitted Brazilian limit in five points.
Higher concentrations of total and thermotolerant coliforms occurred in the summer.
In mollusk's tissue, concentrations of thermotolerant were 6.30 to 26.16 MPN.100 g−1.
Coliforms' MPN varied with increasing salinity and temperature.
On the Origin of the Universe: Chaos or Cosmos?
Authors: Macek Wiesław M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractI would like to consider the Universe according to the standard Big Bang model, including various quantum models of its origin. In addition, using the theory of nonlinear dynamics, deterministic chaos, fractals, and multifractals I have proposed a new hypothesis, Macek (The Origin of the World: Cosmos or Chaos? Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University (UKSW) Scientific Editions, 2020). Namely, I have argued that a simple but possibly nonlinear law is important for the creation of the Cosmos at the extremely small Planck scale at which space and time originated. It is shown that by looking for order and harmony in the complex real world these modern studies give new insight into the most important philosophical issues beyond classical ontological principles, e.g., by providing a deeper understanding of the age-old philosophical dilemma (Leibniz, 1714): why does something exist instead of nothing? We also argue that this exciting question is a philosophical basis of matters that influence the meaning of human life in the vast Universe.
A Gallery Model for Affine Flag Varieties via Chimney Retractions
Authors: Milićević Elizabeth , Naqvi Yusra , Schwer Petra , Thomas Anne 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper provides a unified combinatorial framework to study orbits in certain affine flag varieties via the associated Bruhat–Tits buildings. We first formulate, for arbitrary affine buildings, the notion of a chimney retraction. This simultaneously generalizes the two well-known notions of retractions in affine buildings: retractions from chambers at infinity and retractions from alcoves. We then present a recursive formula for computing the images of certain minimal galleries in the building under chimney retractions, using purely combinatorial tools associated to the underlying affine Weyl group. Finally, for Bruhat–Tits buildings in the function field case, we relate these retractions and their effect on minimal galleries to double coset intersections in the corresponding affine flag variety.
Effects of SARS-CoV‑2 infections on inpatient mortality of geriatric patients after proximal femoral fracture surgery
Authors: Zajonz Dirk , Vaitl Peter , Edel Melanie , Fuchs Oliver , Kübler Fabian , Schneider Peter , Roth Andreas , Prietzel Torsten 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The medical challenges caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV‑2) pose a tremendous burden on the healthcare system. This study aimed to analyze the effects of a SARS-CoV‑2 infections or disease progression on inpatient mortality of geriatric patients after proximal femoral fracture surgery.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted in all patients with a proximal femoral fracture surgically treated in an urban regional trauma center from 01/01/2020 to 01/31/2021. According to PCR test results detecting SARS-CoV‑2, the patients were divided into two groups (SARS-CoV‑2 positive vs. SARS-CoV‑2 negative). Patient data, disease progression data, and treatment-related information were evaluated for all patients. Statistical data analysis was performed using unpaired Student’s t test or non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test.

Results
A total of 311 patients (women: 70.4%, age: 82.0 ± 11.0 years) were included in this study. Of these 3.9% (12/311) had a positive test result for SARS-CoV‑2. Significantly more deceased patients were found in the group tested positive for SARS-CoV‑2 (SARS-CoV‑2 positive: 41.7%, SARS-CoV‑2 negative: 5.4%, p < 0.001). In addition, the number of proximal femoral fracture associated deaths correlated with the number of positive test results performed in the Clinic. The length of stay of SARS-CoV‑2 COVID-19 survivors tended to be greater than in those who were tested negative (SARS-CoV‑2 COVID-19 positive: 15.6 ± 13.1 days, SARS-CoV‑2 COVID-19 negative: 11.5 ± 6.5 days, p = 0.683). Furthermore, a significant difference in age was found in SARS-CoV‑2 survivors and SARS-CoV‑2 decedents (deceased: 95.5 ± 7.5 years, alive: 83.5 ± 7.3 years, p = 0.020).

Conclusion
The study was conducted before the introduction of SARS-CoV‑2 vaccination. The results therefore refer to immune naive (unvaccinated) patients. In our study, more than 40% of all patients with proximal femoral fractures who tested positive for SARS-CoV‑2 died during hospitalization. An additional, critical factor in this respect was the age of the infected patients. Nonetheless, a positive correlation was demonstrated between the mortality rate and the number of positive SARS-CoV‑2 detections. Regarding the greater length of stay of patients tested positive for SARS-CoV‑2, the limited transfer options (further rehabilitation, skilled nursing facility) of the infected ones can be considered as causal. Particularly the vulnerable older patients are increasingly endangered by a combination of proximal femoral fracture and SARS-CoV‑2.
The simultaneous perception of self- and non-self-danger signals potentiates plant innate immunity responses
Authors: Pastor Victoria , Cervero Raquel , Gamir Jordi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Main conclusion
The simultaneous perception of endogenous and exogenous danger signals potentiates PAMP-triggered immunity in tomato and other downstream defence responses depending on the origin of the signal.
Abstract Plant cells perceive a pathogen invasion by recognising endogenous or exogenous extracellular signals such as Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) or Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs). In particular, DAMPs are intracellular molecules or cell wall fragments passive or actively released to the apoplast, whose extracellular recognition by intact cells triggers specific immune signalling, the so-called DAMP-triggered immunity. The extracellular recognition of DAMPs and PAMPs leads to a very similar intracellular signalling, and this similarity has generated a biological need to know why plants perceive molecules with such different origins and with overlapped innate immunity responses. Here, we report that the simultaneous perception of DAMPs and a PAMP strengthens early and late plant defence responses. To this aim, we studied classical PTI responses such as the generation of ROS and MAPK phosphorylation, but we also monitored the biosynthesis of phytocytokines and performed a non-targeted metabolomic analysis. We demonstrate that co-application of the bacterial peptide flagellin with the DAMPs cyclic AMP or cellobiose amplifies PAMP-triggered immunity responses. Both co-applications enhanced the synthesis of phytocytokines, but only simultaneous treatments with cAMP strengthened the flagellin-dependent metabolomic responses. In addition, cAMP and cellobiose treatments induced resistance against the hemibiotrophic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Overall, these results indicate that the complex mixture of DAMPs and PAMPs carries specific information that potentiates plant defence responses. However, downstream responses seem more specific depending on the composition of the mixture.
ADAS at work: assessing professional bus drivers’ experience and acceptance of a narrow navigation system
Authors: Johansson Mikael , Ekman Fredrick , Karlsson MariAnne , Strömberg Helena , Jonsson Joakim 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDue to the argued benefits of passenger comfort, cost savings, and road safety, the bus sector is showing increasing interest in advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS). Despite this growth of interest in ADAS and the fact that work tasks are sometimes complicated (especially docking at bus-stops which may occur several hundred times per shift), there has been little research into ADAS in buses. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop further knowledge of how professional bus drivers experience and accept an ADAS which can help them dock at bus-stops. The study was conducted on a public route in an industrial area with five different bus-stops. Ten professional bus drivers got to use a narrow navigation system (NNS) that could dock automatically at bus-stops. The participants’ experience and acceptance were investigated using objective as well as subjective data (during and after the test-drive) and data were collected using interviews, questionnaires, and video recordings. The participants indicated high levels of trust in and acceptance of the NNS and felt that it had multiple benefits in terms of cognitive and physical ergonomics, safety, and comfort. However, the relatively slow docking process (which was deemed comfortable) was also expected to negatively affect, e.g., timetabling, possibly resulting in high stress levels. Therefore, when investigating users’ acceptance of ADAS in a work context, it is important to consider acceptance in terms of the operation, use, and work system levels and how those levels interact and affect each other.
Using generalized additive models to decompose time series and waveforms, and dissect heart–lung interaction physiology
Authors: Enevoldsen Johannes , Simpson Gavin L. , Vistisen Simon T. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCommon physiological time series and waveforms are composed of repeating cardiac and respiratory cycles. Often, the cardiac effect is the primary interest, but for, e.g., fluid responsiveness prediction, the respiratory effect on arterial blood pressure also convey important information. In either case, it is relevant to disentangle the two effects. Generalized additive models (GAMs) allow estimating the effect of predictors as nonlinear, smooth functions. These smooth functions can represent the cardiac and respiratory cycles’ effects on a physiological signal. We demonstrate how GAMs allow a decomposition of physiological signals from mechanically ventilated subjects into separate effects of the cardiac and respiratory cycles. Two examples are presented. The first is a model of the respiratory variation in pulse pressure. The second demonstrates how a central venous pressure waveform can be decomposed into a cardiac effect, a respiratory effect and the interaction between the two cycles. Generalized additive models provide an intuitive and flexible approach to modelling the repeating, smooth, patterns common in medical monitoring data.
Absence of other and disruption of self: an interpretative phenomenological analysis of the meaning of loneliness in the context of life in a religious community
Authors: Motta Valeria , Larkin Michael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInterpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is an idiographic approach to qualitative research. It is widely used in psychologically-informed studies which aim to understand the meaning and context of specific experiences. In this paper, we provide some background and introduction to the principles and processes underpinning IPA research. We extend this via a practical example, reporting on selected analyses from a study which explores the phenomenology and meaning of loneliness, through interviews conducted with a group of religious women. Through our observations on the complex role of absence for loneliness, we show that IPA can be a powerful tool for exploring and understanding the meaning of salient experiences. We reflect on the significance of the results for advancing theories of loneliness; and on the capacity of the IPA approach to provide researchers with an important and useful phenomenological perspective, through its emphasis on context, and its commitment to integrating convergent and divergent claims.
Carbon allocation and tree diversity: shifts in autotrophic respiration in tree mixtures compared to monocultures
Authors: Kunert Norbert , Brändle Johannes , El-Madany Tarek S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMixed species forests are known to have a higher gross primary productivity (GPP) and net primary productivity (NPP) than forests containing only one single tree species. Trees growing in mixtures are characterized by higher autotrophic respiration (Ra), this results in a lower carbon use efficiency of mixed species forests compared to monocultures. The pathway responsible for the high quantities of carbon lost through respiratory pathways is still unclear. Here, we present the only existing measurements evaluating tree mixture effects based on stem CO2 efflux (Estem), scaled to woody respiration (Rw) on stand level. We conducted predawn Estem measurements on five tree species in an experimental tree plantation in Central Panama. Estem was scaled to the entire plot level woody respiration (Rw). Annual Rw was on average 0.25 ± 0.08 Mg C ha− 1 in the monocultures and 0.28 ± 0.10 Mg C ha− 1 in mixed species stands. In mixtures, annual Ra was more than three times higher than in monocultures. As mean Rw was almost constant across the mixture types and Ra varied largely, leads to the conclusion that mixed species plots allocate a higher amount of carbon toward respiratory processes in leaves and roots. This was supported by no significant differences in the mixture effects on the growth respiration relationship.
Factors Influencing Successful Coping among Crime Scene Investigation (CSI) Personnel: Recruiting for Resilience – A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Craven H. P. , Hallmark M. , Holland F. , Maratos F. A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSuccessful coping is important for staff well-being, retention and reducing absenteeism, especially for those employed in high emotional labour jobs such as crime scene investigation (CSI). Antecedents of successful coping can include self-efficacy, locus of control, optimism, resilience, and self-esteem. However, a dearth of literature exists attaining to the importance of emotion-regulation and mindfulness for successful coping in these roles, despite evidence revealing that both are conducive to better well-being. Additionally, few studies with CSI personnel have employed a mixed methods approach, which enables exploration of lived experiences in addition to survey analysis. Here, we recruited 84 CSI employees and 88 students undertaking a degree enabling employment within CSI, to comprehensively explore factors predicting successful coping. 75 CSI employees and 88 students took part in the quantitative aspect, where questionnaire data pertaining to the above well-being factors, as well as depression, anxiety and stress, were collected. In the concurrent qualitative aspect of the project, nine officers employed in CSI roles were recruited. Semi-structured interviews more deeply explored experiences of resilience and coping, including how the CSI personnel managed their occupation. Quantitative analyses revealed that, for CSI personnel, the greatest predictors of successful coping were resilience and emotional regulation. Compared to students, CSI personnel further reported greater self-esteem, optimism, coping self-efficacy, mindfulness and resilience; and fewer difficulties in emotion regulation, depression, anxiety and stress. Inductive qualitative analyses also revealed resilience and emotion regulation to be key coping factors; but additionally, that finding meaning in work/collegiate support enabled successful coping. Potential implications of findings are discussed and include pre-employment screening for emotion regulation and resilience, and inclusion of such in CSI training/CPD curricula.