bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyberrisiken – Vom Begriffswirrwarr zu einem einheitlichen Begriffsverständnis
Authors: Zängerle Daniel , Schiereck Dirk 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungVor dem Hintergrund einer hochdynamischen Entwicklung weltweiter Cybervorfälle und der stetig wachsenden Bedeutung der Cyberforschung untersucht dieser Beitrag anhand einer systematischen und strukturierten Inhaltsanalyse die in der Wissenschaft und praxisnahen Literatur postulierten Definitionsansätze des Terminus Cyberrisiko und leitet ein disziplinübergreifendes Begriffsmodell als Basis für die künftige Cyberforschung und das operationelle Risikomanagement ab. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass es bislang keine einheitliche Begriffsdefinition für das Cyberrisiko gibt und die analysierten Definitionsansätze eine Vielzahl an unterschiedlichen Kernmerkmalen des Cyberrisikos zusammenfassen. Besonders häufig werden direkte und indirekte Auswirkungen, physische und digitale Risikoobjekte sowie beabsichtigte und sonstige Bedrohungen in den untersuchten Definitionen identifiziert, obgleich unbeabsichtigte Bedrohungen, insbesondere durch den Faktor Mensch als Einfallstor, nicht zu vernachlässigen sind. Das auf der Inhaltsanalyse basierende Begriffsmodell stellt eine umfassende Alternative zu den bisherigen, eher disziplinspezifischen Definitionsansätzen dar und trägt als elementarer Baustein in der Erarbeitung und dem aktuellen Diskurs über eine einheitliche Cyberterminologie bei.
Foreign-body aspiration into the lower airways in adults; multicenter study
Authors: Jang Gimun , Song Jae Woon , Kim Hyun Jung , Kim Eun Jin , Jang Jong Geol , Cha Seung-Ick 
Published: July 2022

Background
Foreign-body aspiration is common in children aged 6 months to 3 years. However, with the aging population and increasing prevalence of disabilities such as hemiparesis and neuromuscular diseases in adults, an increased incidence of aspiration is expected.

Methods
This was a multicenter retrospective, observational study in four major referral hospitals in Daegu, South Korea, between 2000 and 2019. We included patients aged over 18 years who were evaluated for tracheobronchial foreign-body aspiration by flexible bronchoscopy. Comorbidities, type and location of foreign body, and radiologic findings were recorded.

Results
Of 138 patients who underwent flexible bronchoscopy for tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration, 91 (65.9%) were men; the mean age was 66.3 (range: 29–87) years. A history of definite choking was present in 60 (43.5%) patients. The most common site of the foreign body was the right bronchus intermedius (27.5%). The most common type of aspirated foreign body was teeth (37.7%), followed by chicken bone (15.2%), nuts (14.5%) and fish bone (9.4%). Iatrogenic events accounted for 37.0% of the cases of aspiration, and the foreign body was successfully removed by flexible bronchoscopy in 91.3% of cases.

Conclusion
Foreign-body aspiration is not rare, even in adults who do not have predisposing factors. Iatrogenic events accounted for about 40% of all cases of foreign body aspiration. In adults, flexible bronchoscopy is relatively safe and has a high success rate for foreign-body removal.
Developing the Index of Governance as a Guide in Reducing Poverty and Inequality for the Achievement of Sustainable Development in the Respective County Governments in Kenya
Authors: Oribu William Sagini 
Published: July 2022

Governance encompasses all aspects through which power is exercised through the formal and informal institutions in the management of the available resources in a community. In order to determine the quality of governance there is need to look at the impact that the exercise of power will have on the quality of life that citizens enjoy. In pursued of good governance, supervisory bodies must assess whether the policies and institutions put in place by the state are appropriate in impacting on the sustainable development of the citizens. Although there has not been a quantifiable definition of what good governance, debates on the appropriate role of the state together with appropriate policies and institutions are carried out by relying on information that is not based on facts or careful study. The purpose of this conceptual paper is therefore to look at the available literature on quality governance in conjunction with the legal and institutional frameworks in Kenya to determine what may need to be done to improve public service delivery. The identified key observable aspects of the governance dimensions will then be recommended for consideration in order to provide an enabling environment for the achievement of community sustainability. Further this paper suggests the types of research that will need to be conducted in order to obtain data for use in constructing the index of governance quality for specific county governments in Kenya.
Remote Learning for Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment in the New Landscape of COVID-19 Restrictions
Authors: TSIPTSIOS Dimitrios 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a transitional stage between the expected cognitive decline of normal aging and the more serious decline of dementia. Research interest focuses on the protection of this transition, through a combination of therapeutic interventions. Μaterials and Methods: 45 individuals with MCI who were followed up by the interdisciplinary team of our Memory School attended an online remote educational program that consisted of a series of cognitive and occupational therapy interventions designed to maintain their cognitive, executive, motor and emotional skills during the COVID-19 period. At baseline and at twelve-month follow-up all patients underwent several neuropsychological tests that included the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Functional Cognitive Assessment Scale (FUCAS), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the Functional Rating Scale of Symptoms of Dementia (FRRSD). Also, the Barthel Index scale and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test were utilized to assess functionality and mobility, respectively. Results: Within twelve months participants’ performance did not change significantly (MoCA; p=0.908, MMSE; p=0.625, FUCAS; p=0.782; GDS; p=0.218, FRSSD; p=0.18, Barthel Index; p=0.317, TUG; p=0.68). Results confirmed the hypothesis that cognitive, executive, motor and behavioral skills can be maintained through an online educational protocol during the COVID-19 lockdown period. Conclusions: It is proposed that similar educational protocols should be included in the design of strategic directions in the field of healthcare in MCI and dementia, especially in health crisis situations.
International Relations Theory and the Ukrainian War
Authors: Lebow Richard Ned 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDrawing on my qualitative and quantitative research I show that the motives for war have changed in the course of the last four centuries, and that the causes of war and the responses of others to the use of force are shaped by society. Leaders who start wars rarely behave with the substantive and instrumental rationality assumed by realist and rationalist approaches. For this reason, historically they lose more than half wars than they start. After 1945, the frequency of failure rises to over 80 percent. Rationalists allow for miscalculation but attribute it to lack of information. In most wars, information was available beforehand that indicated, or certainly suggested, that the venture would not succeed militarily or fail to achieve its political goals. The war in Ukraine is a case in point.
Symmetry in World-Historic Perspective: Reply to Lynch
Authors: Fuller Steve 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
William Lynch has persistently questioned the politics underlying my appeal to science and technology studies’ flagship symmetry principle. He believes that it licenses the worst features of the ‘post-truth condition’. I respond in two parts, the first facing the future and the second facing the past. In the first part, I argue that the symmetry principle will be crucial in decisions that society will increasingly need to make concerning the inclusion of animals and machines on grounds of sentience, consciousness, intelligence, etc. In the second part, I argue that the symmetry principle has been in fact at the core of the ‘justice as fairness’ idea that has been at the core of both liberal and socialist democracies. Difficulties start once the means of expression and communication are made widely available and the standards of fairness are subject to continual questioning and renegotiation.
How to Do Things with Justice: Professor Rawls, 1962–1971
Authors: Baranowski Brad 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Understanding the social bases of what John Rawls meant by justice requires understanding a central part of Rawls’s professional life: his role as a teacher. As this essay shows, Rawls’s approach to teaching was not ancillary to his approach to heady philosophical issues like the justification of moral reasoning. Rather, there’s an ethic that runs through Rawls’s work, one focused on deliberation and consensus-seeking, and one whose strengths and weaknesses are easiest to see when you examine his teaching.
Sprachkompetenzen entwickeln und trainieren: Ein Konzept für eine kompetenzorientierte Prüfungsvorbereitung
Authors: Depner Günther , Peters Anja 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
In dem vorliegenden Beitrag wird ein Konzept für eine kompetenzorientierte und bedarfsgerechte Prüfungsvorbereitung präsentiert. Welchen Einfluss die Ziele, das Format und die Aufgabentypen einer Prüfung auf die Erstellung von Unterrichtsmaterialien haben, wird anhand des digitalen TestDaF gezeigt. Hierfür werden Lernmaterialien beschrieben, die auf die Entwicklung und das Training kommunikativer Kompetenzen ausgerichtet sind. Ziel ist es, in der Prüfungsvorbereitung über ein reines Formattraining hinauszugehen und somit positive Washback-Effekte zu erreichen.
Analytisch oder holistisch? Welchen Einfluss hat die Beurteilungsmethode auf das Verhalten von Beurteilenden und die Ergebnisse von Prüfungsteilnehmenden?
Authors: Korflür Denis , Marks Daniela , Weiss-Motz Frank 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag präsentiert eine Studie, in der analytische und holistische Einstufungen von Teilnehmendenleistungen im Prüfungsteil Schreiben des digitalen TestDaF untersucht wurden. Dabei wurde der Frage nachgegangen, welchen Einfluss das Beurteilungsverfahren auf die Ergebnisse der Teilnehmenden hat und inwieweit die Ergebnisse zweier unterschiedlicher Verfahren vergleichbar sind. In einer ersten Beurteilungsphase wurden die Leistungen von erfahrenen Beurteilenden analytisch anhand einer 6-stufigen Beurteilungsskala nach jeweils sechs Kriterien bewertet. In der nächsten Phase wendeten neun Beurteilende aus der ersten (analytischen) Phase der Studie die neue (holistische) Skala bei der Bewertung derselben Leistungen an. In beiden Phasen wurden Unterschiede in der Qualität der Einstufungen nach beiden Beurteilungsmethoden untersucht und sowohl die Inter-Rater- als auch die Intra-Rater-Reliabilität für beide Beurteilungsmethoden separat berechnet. Die Analysen zeigten keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den Beurteilungsmethoden hinsichtlich des Verhaltens der Beurteilenden. Die Anwendung des holistischen Verfahrens führte allerdings zu tendenziell niedrigeren Einstufungen.
Cavitation resistance of Stellite 21 coatings tungsten inert gas (TIG) deposited onto duplex stainless steel X2CrNiMoN22-5-3
Authors: Mitelea Ion , Bordeaşu Ilare , Mutaşcu Daniel , Buzdugan Dragos , Crăciunescu Corneliu Marius 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCobalt-based alloys, called Stellite, have a microstructure consisting of complex carbides dispersed in a Co-based solid solution matrix. These alloys are resistant to corrosion, erosion through cavitation, abrasive, and sliding wear. To increase the erosion resistance through cavitation, hardfacing of the stainless steel duplex X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 with Stellite 21 alloy was performed using the pulsed tungsten inert gas (TIG) process. The positive effects of the hardfacing process are the low heat input, reduced distortions, controlled volume of the weld, and reduced susceptibility to hot cracking. The effect of dilution is essential for the quality of the deposited layers and, in this sense, the TIG pulsed current welding process was performed to reduce the excess linear energy and implicitly the substrate melting. Iron dilution levels were in the range between 5.9 and 6.1. The higher Fe content in the first layer does not significantly reduce its hardness or wear resistance through erosion cavitation. Compared with the substrate material, the cavity erosion resistance increases 7 to 11 times even in the first layer hardened by the TIG pulsed current welding process.
Effects of filler material selection on the microstructural, mechanical and corrosion properties of TIG welded AISI/SAE 304L stainless steel sheets and rings
Authors: Akgül Oğuz , Başyiğit Aziz Barış 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Austenitic stainless steels are mainly preferred especially for resistance to aggressive oxidizing medias and high temperature applications such as equipments and mechanical parts which are used in defense and conventional industries. In this study; 3 mm thick 304L austenitic stainless steel sheets and rings are joined to each other by using Tungsten Inert Gas welding method under pure argon shielding gas with ER316L and ER2209 filler metals. Weld metals and heat-affected zones of welded joints were examined by metallurgical and scanning electron microscopes. Microhardness, tensile and Charpy impact tests of weld regions are investigated. It has been determined that the filler metals have dominantly changed the microstructure of weld metals. The microhardness values of the welded samples joined with ER2209 filler metal was lower than the sample joined with ER316L filler metal in weld metal regions. Besides, corrosion tests indicated that the corrosion rates of welded samples joined with ER2209 filler metal is lower than the samples joined with ER316L filler metal.
Crystal structure of bis(μ2-benzoato-k2O:O′)-bis(μ2-benzoato-k3O,O′:O′)dinitrato-k2O,O′-bis(phenanthroline-k2
N,N′)dierbium(III), C52H36Er2N6O14
Authors: Li Zhang , Hai-yan Yu , Ying-lei Wang , Ru-lin Li , Ying-han Cao 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
C52H36Er2N6O14, triclinic, P

1
‾

$\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 10.6499(5) Å, b = 11.0111(5) Å, c = 11.0380(6) Å, α = 85.030(4)°, β = 81.502(4)°, γ = 68.925(4)°, V = 1193.77(11) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0263, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0592, T = 150.0 K.
Chitosan nanoparticles encapsulated into PLA/gelatin fibers for bFGF delivery
Authors: Ghasemzaie Niloofar , Hadjizadeh Afra , Niknejad Hassan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Electrospinning is a trendy method because of the ease of use and the high surface-to-volume ratio. The mechanical and biological properties of polylactic acid (PLA) make it one of the most enticing polymers. Gelatin and PLA together are thought to enhance cellular behavior and hydrophilicity of scaffolds. Furthermore, chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) can be incorporated into PLA fibers to achieve controlled growth factor release. This study utilized PLA–gelatin nanofibrous scaffolds in which CNPs were encapsulated within PLA fibers to achieve a controlled release of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). To produce CNPs, a simple ionic gelation reaction was used. The optimal diameter of CNPs was determined by investigating chitosan to tricalciumphosphatesodium (TPP) ratio and TPP concentration. Using a spectrophotometer, we measured the release rate of bFGF from CNPS and scaffolds. Images from a scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to assess the effect of various concentrations of PLA and gelatin on fiber diameter. The results showed that PLA–gelatin scaffolds could stimulate the release of growth factors and promote cell proliferation. Using a two-jet electrospinning device to produce PLA–gelatin fibers in combination with CNPs incorporated within PLA fibers to release the bFGF growth factor is the novelty of this study.
Study of Strength and Durability Characteristics of Concrete Mixes Made by Unwashed Sea Sand as Fine Aggregates
Authors: Rafi Muhammad Masood , Bhutto Muhammad Aslam , Aziz Tariq 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The use of sea sand in concrete can reduce burden on river sand, which can help in protecting the environment. Although testing of concrete mixes using sea sand, sea water, or both has been reported in the existing literature, studies based on the use of unwashed sea sand are limited. Further, it has been reported in the literature that the concrete properties are influenced by the origin of sea sand. This paper presents experimental studies to investigate suitability of unwashed sea sand as fine aggregates in structural concrete. The properties of concrete mixes made by four levels of sea sand addition were investigated from the perspective of strength and durability in this paper. These levels of river sand replacement include 30 % (designated as 30SS), 50 % (designated as 50SS), 70 % (designated as 70SS), and 100 % (designated as 100SS). Mixes made with river sand were used as control mixes (designated as 0SS). All the employed mixes provided the required compressive strength at 28 days. Similar permeability characteristics were observed for the 0SS and 30SS mixes. Chloride ion penetration of the 70SS and 100SS mixes increased with time, whereas it reduced for the other mixes. Water absorption and permeability of these aforementioned mixes were also higher compared to the other mixes. The corrosion and aggregate-silica reaction potential were not indicated by the testing of the employed mixes after 1 year.
Development of a Real-Time Monitoring and Calculation Method for TBM Disc-Cutter’s Cutting Force in Complex Ground
Authors: Huang Xing , Wang Shaohua , Liu Quansheng , Wang Xinyu , Liu Bin , Zhang Xiaobo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Cutting force is an essential parameter of the operating state of tunneling boring machines. In this study, a real-time cutting force monitoring method is proposed for widely used disc-cutters. A microcylindrical strain gauge is embedded in predrilled small boreholes in the bottom and side surface of the two C-shaped cushion blocks on the cutter saddle. The strain gauges are protected by a glue seal, and the sensor leads are protected using a groove and covered by wear-resistant steel. The strain is measured using a wireless strain node and transmitted from the strain node to the wireless gateway connected to a computer. Then, the strain-force relationship of the cushion block is fitted using a laboratory static calibration test. The load on the cushion block is calculated based on the measured cushion block strain. Subsequently, considering the cutter system’s vibration, a multi-degree-of-freedom coupling vibration differential equation of the cutter system is established. The mass matrix, stiffness matrix, and damping matrix of the cutter system are also determined. Finally, a Wilson-θ inverse analysis method is put forward to calculate the cutter’s external load. The developed real-time cutting force monitoring method will not affect cutter replacement, and the cushion block equipped with sensors can be reused. The cutting force identification method, which considers the cutter system vibration, is rigorous in theory, and a useful numerical inverse analysis calculation method is provided.
An Investigation of Unidirectional Liquid Moisture Transport Performance Evaluation of Textile Materials Based on Double-Sided Imaging
Authors: Jiang Yanting , Xin Binjie , Yuan Xiuwen , Luo Jian , Shi Meiwu , Gao Cong , Yan Qingshuai 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The interaction between water and fabric is critical in the physiological comfort of garments. However, it is still practically challenging to evaluate textiles with continuous directional liquid moisture transport and outstanding prevention of water penetration in the reverse direction. The traditional liquid moisture transmission test method has its shortcomings. In order to better evaluate the liquid water transport behaviors of fabric, a new method is proposed in this paper. A series of images of fabric wetting are acquired from two different perspectives through a self-made double-sided image acquisition device. At the same time, a suitable segmentation algorithm for the image sequence is proposed in this study. Finally, the index parameters of fabric wettability can be obtained, and the wettability process of fabric can be analyzed. The experimental results show that the method of double-sided imaging can obtain more comprehensive fabric wetting information. Combined with the existing image-processing algorithms, the double-sided imaging image acquisition system proposed in this paper can be used to form a complete evaluation system of fabric liquid moisture transport behaviors.
Study on Compressive Properties of Self-Healing Cement Paste Using Acoustic Emission and Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Hao Hao , Kanwal Humaira , Hao Wenfeng , Tang Can , Liu Ronggui 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Self-healing microencapsulation is a subtle existence in cement mortar. Traditional mechanical test methods cannot comprehensively explain the failure mechanism and failure mode of microencapsulated self-healing cement mortar. Therefore, acoustic emission and digital image correlation are used to monitor the uniaxial compression failure process of self-healing cement paste. A kind of self-healing microcapsule was prepared with sodium silicate and expanded silicate cement as main core materials, and its state in mortar matrix was observed by a scanning electron microscope. Full-field strain and acoustic emission characteristics were obtained and used to analyze the failure mode and mechanism of microencapsulated self-healing cement mortar. The results show that the compressive strength decreases with the increase of the content of microcapsules. According to the analysis of acoustic emission characteristic signal curve, the compression failure process of cement mortar block without microcapsules can be clearly divided into three stages. The change of acoustic emission characteristics of cement mortar after adding microcapsules was captured. In the range of 1∼7 %, the acoustic emission hits first increase and then decrease. There are two main reasons for the change: one is the breakage of microcapsules and the other is that the addition of microcapsules changes the pore structure. At the same time, the whole process of compression failure is monitored by Digital Image correlation (DIC). It is found that the cement mortar test block with the appropriate amount of and excessive microcapsules has different failure modes. The results verify and supplement the results of acoustic emission monitoring. Based on the aforementioned indexes, the optimum content of microcapsule is 1∼3 %. The research results are of great significance to the design and engineering application of microcapsule self-healing concrete.