bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potato Pest Control with Foliar Insecticidal Sprays, 1981
Authors: Johnston Richard L. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted May 19, at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Dakota Co., MN. Treatments were applied to 4 row plots, 40 ft long, with 40 inch row spacing, randomized in complete blocks with 3 replications. Two untreated rows separated each plot. Chlorothalonil fungicide was applied weekly per label recommendations from Jul 2. Insecticides were applied Jul 15, Jul 29, Aug 12, and Aug 31, in 76 gal water/acre at ca 150 psi. A tractor-drawn boom sprayer with 3 drop nozzles/row was used. Potato leafhopper nymphs, green peach aphid and potato aphid apterae were counted from 35 mid-plant leaves from the center 2 rows of each plot. Counts were made the day before and the day after spraying, except that no pre-spray count was made for the Jul 15 application.
Sprinkler Irrigation System Applied Insecticides Control Colorado Potato Beetle, 1981
Authors: Sandvol Larry , Longley T. S. , Wheeler Steven 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted May 5 in 36 inch rows in declo silt loam soil. Plots were 40 ft by 40 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was irrigated by 4 sprinkler heads. Plots were separated by 60 ft border zones. Beetles were allowed to invade and multiply naturally. One and six tenths inch of water were applied at the rate of 0.20 inches per hr during each set. Clearing time was 28 min from Rep I to Rep IV. Materials were injected into the irrigation system at the beginning of the last half hr of an 8 hr irrigation set. Injection time was 15 min. Pre- and post-application counts were made of Colorado potato beetles by recording total numbers of adult beetles observed in 40 ft of row.
Effect of Insecticides on Squash Bug Oviposition on Squash Interplanted with Other Vegetables, 1981
Authors: Latheef M. A. , Ortiz John H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Early Prolific Straight Neck’ summer squash was planted on Jun 4 at Virginia State University’s Randolph Farm, Chesterfield Co., VA. Soil type was a Goldsboro fine sandy loam. The field plots were arranged as a randomized complete block design with 4 rows, each 10-ft long. Squash was planted in one of these rows while col lard, pepper and eggplant were planted in the remaining 3 rows. These plots were replicated 4 times with 5-ft alleys between plots. Squash was treated 2 wks after planting with a piston pump sprayer mounted with a single hollow cone nozzle. Spray solutions were prepared at the rate of 100 gallons/acre. Spraying was initiated on May 20 and was continued at biweekly intervals thereafter. Spraying was concluded on Aug 12 with a total of 7 sprayings. Three plants were uprooted from each treatment on Aug 10, two days before the 7th spraying and eggs were counted on a leaf by leaf basis. Similar data were taken on Aug 20, one wk after the 7th spraying.
Control of Heliothis Spp. on Tomatoes in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, 1976-80
Authors: Harding James A. , Browning H. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experiments were conducted on ‘Saladette’ tomatoes planted on every other bed for furrow irrigation with centers 1 meter apart. Plots were 2 beds wide by 10.8 meters long with 1.67 meter alleyways between blocks. Each test was arrangd as a randomized complete block having each treatment replicated 3 or 4 times. Treatments were applied with a tractor-mounted, CO2-powered sprayer operated at 4 mph and 30 psi. Three flat-fan nozzles approximately 0.3 meters above the plants and 0.5 meters apart on the boom were directed downward spraying a broadcast pattern which simulated aerial application. This system delivered 47.2 liters of formulation per hectare. Coverage appeared adequate. Treatments were initiated when infestations became sufficient for small plot testing. Plants were blooming heavily and had the first, small fruit set when treatments were begun. Insect damage was recorded from 50 large fruit from the middles of each plot on each evaluation date. Evaluations were accomplished by a thorough examination of each fruit after removal of the calyx. An average of 62% H. zea and 38% H. virescens were recorded from the plots.
Foliar Sprays to Control the Tomato Fruitworm on Tomatoes, 1981
Authors: Linduska James J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘UC-134’ tomatoes were direct seeded in single row plots, 25 ft in length, on Jun 15. Distance between rows was 6 ft. When plants were 2-3 inches tall they were thinned so as to provide clumps of 3 tomato plants spaced 12 inches apart. The plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 10 gallons of water and applied with a custom built row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 6 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/A at 90 psi. Treatments were applied Sep 8, 15 and 25. On Sep 30 the plots were harvested and 100 fruit/treatment/replication were examined for injury. Yield were taken from a 10 ft section of row.
Lepidopterous Larvae and Vegetable Leafminer Control on Fresh Market Bush Tomatoes, 1981
Authors: Steenwyk R. A. Van , Hayashi J. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An experimental tomato planting C7718VF’) was transplanted on Jul 14 at the University of California south Coast Field Station, Santa ana, CA. Insecticide treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Replicates were 4 rows wide (5 ft centers) by 25 ft long with 5 ft buffers between replicates. Insecticides were applied weekly from aug 18 through Oct 6 (8 applications) by a tractor-mounted boom sprayer with 6 nozzles/row at an operating pressure of 100 psi and delivery rate of 100 gal/ acre. Nozzles were hollow cone, D3 orifice, 25 cores and 50 mesh screen. All treatments included 0.02% spreader-sticker (Leaf Act). Vegetable leafminer control was monitored by placing 1 pupae tray/replicate and counting all pupae twice a week from Sep 3 through Oct 8. Lepidopterous larval control was monitored by harvesting 250 mature fruit/replicate from the center 2 rows on oct 13 and inspecting the fruit for tomato pinworm damage, external damage (primarily beet armyworm) and internal damage (primarily tomato fruitworm). Data were analyzed by DMRT at 5% probability level. Arcsin transformation was performed before analysis on mean percent lepidopterous infestation.
Control of Lepidopterous Larvae and Leafminers on Tomatoes, 1981
Authors: Trumble J. T. , Nakakihara H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Peto-seed 7718VS’ tomato seedlings were transplanted on Jul 14 at the University of California South Coast Field Station in Santa Ana, CA. Experimental plots were 4 rows wide (1.52 meter centers) by 7.0 meters long and separated by a 1.52 meter buffer. The tomato planting was drip irrigated. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied weekly from Aug 25 through oct 6 for a total of 7 applications. A tractor-mounted boom sprayer with 6 nozzles/row was used to apply insecticides at 935 liters/ha and 100 psi. The hollow cone nozzles incorporated D3 orifice disks, #25 cores and 50 mesh screens. All treatments included 0.04% spreader-sticker (Leaf Act 40). Leafminer populations were evaluated from weekly counts of larvae, puparia and pupae in 2 pupal trays/replicate from Aug 28 through Oct 1. On Oct 8, 200 mature-green to ripe fruit were harvested from the center 2 rows of each replicate and examined for internal damage (primarily fruitworm), external damage (primarily beet armyworm), and tomato pinworms.
Evaluation of Insecticides Used on Demand for Control of the Southern Armyworm, 1981
Authors: Waddil Van 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were direct seeded Jan 9 in Rockdale soil. Plots were thinned to one plant per foot. Each plot was a single row’on 6 ft centers, 15 ft long. Normal cultural practices were followed using black plastic mulch and overhead irrigation. There were 4 replications per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied on demand based on weekly insect counts. Normally, the following insects are present during the winter-spring crop: tomato pinworm, southern armyworm, cabbage looper, tomato fruitworm, and vegetable leafminer. Ten plants per plot were examined for southern armyworm, tomato fruitworm and cabbage looper. Tomato pinworm counts were taken by examining for mines on the first 3 fully expanded leaves from the terminal on 10 plants per plot.
Alfalfa Insect Control Studies, 1980
Authors: Arnett W. Harold 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An 8 yr old stand of Ranger alfalfa located at the Newland’s Field Station, Fallon, NV was used for this study. Treatments were applied at near full bud stage when 30-40% of the plants were showing alfalfa weevil damage. Plots were 25 x 50 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Sprays were applied with a CO2 activated plot sprayer calibrated to deliver 25.0 gpa at 30 psi. Treatments were made on May 16, 1980. Post-treatment counts were taken on May 19, 23, and 30 were based on 10 sweeps of a standard net from each replicate.
Alfalfa Seed Pre-Bloom Treatment, 1981
Authors: Arnett W. Harold 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted on a commercial field of seed alfalfa at Lovelock, NV. Spray treatments were applied by fixed wing aircraft to 20 acre blocks with a 20 acre block left untreated. Applications were made on May 22, 1981 with each material and rate applied in a total volume of 10 gpa. Treatments were applied when alfalfa was in full bud and before pollinator activity. Each of the treated and untreated blocks were divided into 4 equal parts with post-treatment samples consisting of 10 sweeps from each of these being taken on May 25, 29 and Jun 5.
Alfalfa Insect Control in Oklahoma, 1980-81
Authors: Berberet Richard , Sander Douglas , Mussett Kevin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were evaluated on 5 x 10 m plots arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Applications were made with ground equipment using a spray volume of 20 gpa. Treatments were applied in the first crop of alfalfa on Apr 18, 1980 (Test 1) and on Mar 10, 1981 (Test 2). Insect populations were sampled at 3 intervals after application. Ten-sweep samples were taken in each plot for each sampling date in 1980 and numbers of alfalfa weevil larvae and pea aphids were recorded. Due to much smaller size of alfalfa at the time of treatment in 1981, 25 stems/plot were clipped at the soil surface. Stems were brushed, then processed in ‘Berlese’ funnels to remove all weevil larvae and spotted alfalfa aphids for counting.
Alfalfa Insecticides Evaluation, 1981
Authors: Karner Miles A. , Kehr W. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted at the University of Nebraska Agronomy farm, Mead, NE. The field was a second yr stand of ‘Baker’ alfalfa. Plots were 2.74 x 4.52 m, arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. A single application of 5 insecticides at various rates was appliedjon May 15. Insecticides were applied with a CO2 activated pressure sprayer calibrated to deliver 140.3 liter/ha at 1.41 kg/cm and equipped with a 1.7 m boom with 4 N.F. number 12 nozzles. The inner 0.91 x 4.52 m strip of each plot was sampled twice, 7 days and 14 days post-treatment, taking 5 sweeps per plot with a 38.1 cm dia insect net. Plots were hearvested on May 29. Yields per plot were converted to kg dry matter/hectare.
Field Corn, Black Cutworm Rescue Treatments, 1981
Authors: Levine Eli 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A field evaluation of registered and experimental insecticides to control a natural infestation of black cutworm larvae was conducted at Salem, IL (Marion County). Corn (Sun Prairie 250) was planted in 30 inch rows at a plant population of 24,000 in late Apr. Treatments were applied on May 7 at which time corn seedlings were in the 1-2 leaf stage and the frequency distribution of black cutworm larval instars was 45.8%, 50.0%, and 4.2% for 6th (final instar), 5th, and 4th instars, respectively. Larvae had cut 7.8% of the seedlings by this time. Liquid insecticides were applied with a CO2 back-pack sprayer equipped with a 1 nozzle wand for band application (even flat fan nozzle, 4.1 ft/sec, 20 psi, 10 gal of wafer/acre) or a 4 nozzle boom for broadcast application (flat fan nozzles, 3.7 ft/sec, 20 psi, 20 gal of water/acre). Granular insecticides were evenly broadcast by hand. Each treatment consisted of 3 rows x 50 ft. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications/treatment. Existing cut plants were marked at treatment.
Early Season Control of Southern Corn Rootworm in Field Corn, 1981
Authors: Riley Thomas J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Soil insecticides to control larvae of the southern corn rootworm were evaluated in 2 tests in LA. In Test 1, ‘Pioneer 3147’ was planted Apr 15 and in Test 2, ‘Pioneer 3369-A’ was planted Apr 28. The tests were conducted at the LSU St. Gabriel Agricultural Experiment Station, Iberville Parish. Insecticides were applied using a 2 row John Deere Model 71 FIexi-PIanter, modified by positioning pint jars, calibrated to deliver the desired rates of insecticides, above the delivery tubes. Corn seeds were planted in a conventional manner at the same time. Banded materials were applied ahead of the press wheel with no further incorporation. A completely randomized block design was used with 4 replications. Each treatment consisted of 2 x 50 ft rows spaced 36 inches apart. Twenety ft alleys separated each replication. Treatments were evaluated by counting dead and dying, and undamaged plants in 40 ft of row. Evaluation of both tests was conducted May 11, 25 and 13 days post-planting, respectively. The soil type at both test sites is a clay-loam, Mississippi River alluvial soil having moderate to poor drainage.
Control of Cotton Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm in Cotton, 1981
Authors: Conley Jim , Luttrell R. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two full season studies were conducted at the Plant Science Research Farm of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State, MS, to determine the efficacy of various insecticides in controlling Heliothis spp. larvae on cotton. Plots were planted with ‘Stoneville 213’ cotton on May 21. All plots were replicated 4 times and were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Each plot was 4 row (0.91 m) x 30.48 m long with 2 buffer rows between plots. Insecticides were applied with a boom-type sprayer calibrated to deliver 56 liters/ha at 2.46 kg/cm through 2 TX-4 nozzles/row.
Chemical Control of the Cotton Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm, 1981
Authors: Price Richard , Young Jerry , Mussett Kevin , Pinkston Ken , King Ed 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cascot B-2 was planted on May 25 at the South Central Research Station, Chickasha, OK at 20 lb/acre. Eight row plots, 200 ft long, were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Spray applications were made with a John Deere Hi-cycle 6000 sprayer traveling at a speed of 4.5 mph at 40 psi. The John Deere spraying unit was replaced with a Marco system equipped with a roller pump powered by a 3 hp Briggs and Stratton gasoline engine. Insecticide applications consisted of 5 gal total spray mixture per acre, with 1 #8 (Spraying Systems) nozzle per row. Applications were made on Aug 4, 14, 20 and 27 for test 1 and on Aug 8, 14, 19 and 27 for test 2. Intervals between applications ranged from 6 to 10 days. Plots were irrigated with approximately 1 inch of water on Jul 17 and 25. Rainfall during the treatment period was as follows: Aug 7, 1.20 inch; Aug 12, 0.65 inch; Aug 13, 0.22 inch; Aug 16, 1.42 inch; Aug 27, 0.12 inch; and Sep 1, 1.18 inch for a total of 4.79 inches.
Control of Spider Mites on Cotton, 1981
Authors: Wynholds Paul F. , Leigh Thomas F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Acaracides were applied to Acala SJ-2 cotton planted Apr 5 near Five Points, CA, in rows spaced at 40 inches. Individual plots were 8 rows wide and 100 ft long. Treatments were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design and applied Aug 13. Applications were made by high clearance sprayer equipped with drop booms using 5 solid cone nozzles per row delivering 47 gal/acre at 40 psi. Mainstem leaves (fifth unfolded leaf below mainstem terminal) were sampled on 3 post-treatment dates and processed through a sodium hypochlorite wash system. Counts were made of adult females of the Tetranychid complex as they represent a consistent proportion of the total population. Mite counts were transformed by x + 0.5 for statistical analysis.
Thrips Control in Peanuts, 1981
Authors: Rohlfs W. M. , Mack T. P. , Starling J. G. , Hays K. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This field test was conducted at the Wiregrass substation in Headland, AL. Eight treatments and an untreated check were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each o.f the 0.01 acre plots was 4 rows wide 936 inch row spacing) and 37 ft long. Plots were treated on May 13, 1981. Treatments, applied on May 13, were seed treatments, in furrow at planting applications, and a combination of in-furrow at planting, and sidedress application at the seedling stage. Sidedress applications were made with a tractor-mounted 2 row electric granular applicator. Plots were examined on Jun 12 rated for thrips damage, stand density and insecticide burn. Thrips damage was rated in a 0-5 scale with 0 being no damage and 5 being severe damage. Stand density was measured as the number of plants in 1 yard of row (maximum rating was 10). Burn was rated in a 0-5 scale with 0 equalling no burn and 5 equalling death of the plant.
Foliar Applications of Insecticides for Control of Chinch Bugs on Grain Sorghum, 1980
Authors: Kindler S. D. , Cobia L. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In all tests, located adjacent to wheat fields infested with chinch bugs, sprays were applied at 30 psi and 30 gal/acre through a boom fitted with 1 top nozzle and 2 drop nozzles/row. Treatments were replicated 3 times in complete randomized block designs. Each plot in tests 1 and 2 was 3 rows wide and 15 ft long while in test 3 each plot was 2 rows wide and 30 ft long. In test 1, sprays were applied on Jul 10 when the sorghum was ca 15 inches to the whorl and chinch bugs were counted 1 and 3 days later on 10 plants in each plot. In test 2, sprays were applied on Jul 11 when the sorghum was ca 11 inches to the whorl, and chinch bugs were counted on 5 plants in each plot 12 hr and 2 days later. Also, a cage was placed over 3 to 4 adjacent plants in each plot of 1 replicate 2 days after application and ca 1000 chinch bugs were put in each cage. Live chinch bugs in each cage were counted 24 hr later. Five days after application, the plants in each cage were again infested with ca 1000 chinch bugs and the live bugs in each cage were counted a day later. In test 3, sprays were applied on Jul 7 when the sorghum was ca 12 inches to the whorl, and chinch bugs were counted on 5 plants in each plot 12 hr and 5 days after application. In tests 2 and 3, the number of dead and barren plants in each plot was determined in late Jul after the chinch bugs had dispersed.
Apple, Insect and Mite Control, 1981
Authors: Hull Larry A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ground and foliar applications of insecticides were applied to single-tree plots (6 yrs old) in a randomized block design consisting of 2 replicates of ,Stayman’ and 2 replicates of ‘York Imperial’. The Temik treatments were applied by hand on Apr 9 and incorporated with an orchard rake. The amitraz treatments were applied on May 14 using a handgun from a John Bean high pressure sprayer. General sprays of cyprex, captan, sulfur and Guthion were made at ca 2 week intervals during the season. Average temperatures were: Apr 53.2 F, May 59.9 F, Jun 69.9 F, Jul 73.2 F and Aug 70.0 F. Rainfall in inches averaged: Apr 3.23, May 3.17, Jun 4.11, Jul 2.79 and Aug 4.08. Effectiveness on the various mite species was evaluated by counting the mites several times during the season on samples of 25 leaves/tree, 100/treatment. The effect of the insecticides on WALH was determined by counting the number of nymphs on 25 leaves/tree. Effectiveness on AA and RAA was evaluated by counting the number of infested leaves/10 terminals/tree and the number of infested leaves on the whole tree, respectively. Pest pressure was heavy throughout the season.
Mexican Bean Beetle Control in Soybeans, 1980
Authors: Hellman John L. , Curtis William , Hochmuth Robert , Linduska James 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Essex variety of soybeans were planted on May 16 in 30 Inch rows in Queen Anne’s County, MD. Treatment plots were 4 x 15 ft rows arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Treatments were applied on Sep 8 with a back pack sprayer hand-held CO2 pressure boom sprayer calibrated to deliver 14 gpa at 40 psi with hollow cone nozzles. Populations at time of treatment were light, and most larvae (ca 80%) were pupating. Post-treatment larval counts were taken 24 hr after treatment. Each count consisted of 2 random 3 ft shake cloth samples taken within the center 2 rows of the plot.
Podworm, Soybean Looper, and Green Cloverworm Control on Soybeans with Synthetic Pyrethroids and

Baciilus

Thuringiensis

, 1981
Authors: Herbert D. A. , Harper James D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test 1 A field trial was initiated on Aug 26 at the Plant Breeding Unit of Auburn University near Tallassee, AL following the discovery of a substantial population of target pest species. One hundredth acre plots were utilized (36 ft by 4 rows wide, with 40 inch row spacing) and were treated with materials applied with a CO2-powered knapsack sprayer, calibrated to deliver 22 gal/acre at 27 psi using three D2-25 disc core type hollow cone spray Tips per row. A randomized complete block design with 4 replications was used. Pre-spray larval counts were taken 1 day prior to treatment, and evaluations made at 1 and 4 days post-spray. All samples were taken by the shake cloth method, one 6 ft sample/plot, and returned to the laboratory for assessment and tabulation. Test 2 A 2nd field trial was initiated adjacent to Test 1 on Sep 1. One-third acre (ca) plots (10 rows x 368 ft) were treated using a John Deere high clearance sprayer calibrated to deliver 10 gal/a with 3 TX8 nozzles/row, operating at 60 psi and 2 mph. A randomized complete block design with 4 replications was used. Pre-spray larval counts were taken on Aug 31, and post-spray evaluations were made on Sep 8 and 14. Larval populations were estimated by taking one 3-ft shake cloth sample/plot.
Soybean Insecticide-Fungicide Seed Treatments, 1981
Authors: Lentz Gary L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bedford variety soybean was treated Dec 11 in the laboratory by adding pesticide solutions to seed rotating in a ball mill. Treated seeds were planted Jun 11 in 2 row plots, 10 ft long, on Calloway silt loam at the West Tennessee Experiment Station, Jackson, TN. Treatments were replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. Post-treatment counts were made for bean leaf beetles and southern corn rootworms on Jun 30 from 20 row ft when plants were in stage V2 Stand counts were made after insect counts. Plots were harvested Nov 12.
Bean Leaf Beetle Control in Soybeans, 1981
Authors: Mullins Walton , Gallaher Martin L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bedford variety was planted ca Jun 15 in a silt loam soil on the University of Missouri Lee Farm near PortageviIle, M0. Eight row plots, 25 ft long, were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied Sep 16 at a rate of 5 gal/acre, 40 psi, 1 nozzle/row with a Hahn high-clearance sprayer. Four m of row was sampled (drop cloth method) at 24 and 48 hr post-treatment.