bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Efficacy of 5 Exercise Types on Cardiometabolic Health in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of 81 Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Batrakoulis Alexios , Jamurtas Athanasios Z. , Metsios Georgios S. , Perivoliotis Konstantinos , Liguori Gary , Feito Yuri , Riebe Deborah , Thompson Walter R. , Angelopoulos Theodore J , Krustrup Peter , Mohr Magni , Draganidis Dimitrios , Poulios Athanasios , Fatouros Ioannis G. 
Published: April 2022

Background:Although regular exercise is recommended for preventing and treating overweight/obesity, the most effective exercise type for improving cardiometabolic health in individuals with overweight/obesity remains largely undecided. This network meta-analysis aimed to evaluate and rank the comparative efficacy of 5 exercise modalities on cardiometabolic health measures in individuals with overweight/obesity.Methods:A database search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception up to September 2020. The review focused on randomized controlled trials involving exercise interventions consisting of continuous endurance training, interval training, resistance training, combined aerobic and resistance training (combined training), and hybrid-type training. Exercise interventions aimed to improve somatometric variables, body composition, lipid metabolism, glucose control, blood pressure, cardiorespiratory fitness, and muscular strength. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to evaluate eligible studies. A random-effects network meta-analysis was performed within a frequentist framework. The intervention ranking was carried out using a Bayesian model where mean and SD were equal to the respective frequentist estimates.Results:A total of 4331 participants (59% female; mean age: 38.7±12.3 years) from 81 studies were included. Combined training was the most effective modality and hybrid-type training the second most effective in improving cardiometabolic health-related outcomes in these populations suggesting a higher efficacy for multicomponent exercise interventions compared to single-component modalities, that is, continuous endurance training, interval training, and resistance training. A subgroup analysis revealed that the effects from different exercise types were mediated by gender.Conclusions:These findings corroborate the latest guidelines on exercise for individuals with overweight/obesity highlighting the importance of a multicomponent exercise approach to improve cardiometabolic health. Physicians and healthcare professionals should consider prescribing multicomponent exercise interventions to adults with overweight/obesity to maximize clinical outcomes.Registration:URL:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/; Unique identifier: CRD42020202647
DPP4 Promotes Human Endothelial Cell Senescence and Dysfunction via the PAR2–COX-2–TP Axis and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation
Authors: Valencia Inés , Vallejo Susana , Dongil Pilar , Romero Alejandra , San Hipólito-Luengo Álvaro , Shamoon Licia , Posada María , García-Olmo Damián , Carraro Raffaelle , Erusalimsky Jorge D. , Romacho Tania , Peiró Concepción , Sánchez-Ferrer Carlos F. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Abnormal accumulation of senescent cells in the vessel wall leads to a compromised vascular function contributing to vascular aging. Soluble DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4; sDPP4) secretion from visceral adipose tissue is enhanced in obesity, now considered a progeric condition. sDPP4 triggers vascular deleterious effects, albeit its contribution to vascular aging is unknown. We aimed to explore sDPP4 involvement in vascular aging, unraveling the molecular pathway by which sDPP4 acts on the endothelium.

Methods:
Human endothelial cell senescence was assessed by senescence-associated β-galactosidase assay, visualization of DNA damage, and expression of prosenescent markers, whereas vascular function was evaluated by myography over human dissected microvessels. In visceral adipose tissue biopsies from a cohort of obese patients, we explored several age-related parameters in vitro and ex vivo.

Results:

By a common mechanism, sDPP4 triggers endothelial cell senescence and endothelial dysfunction in isolated human resistance arteries. sDPP4 activates the metabotropic receptor PAR2 (protease-activated receptor 2), COX-2 (cyclooxygenase 2) activity, and the production of TXA
2
(thromboxane A
2
) acting over TP (thromboxane receptor) receptors (PAR2–COX-2–TP axis), leading to NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain-containing 3) inflammasome activation. Obese patients exhibited impaired microarterial functionality in comparison to control nonobese counterparts. Importantly, endothelial dysfunction in obese patients positively correlated with greater expression of DPP4, prosenescent, and proinflammatory markers in visceral adipose tissue nearby the resistance arteries. Moreover, when DPP4 activity or sDPP4-induced prosenescent mechanism was blocked, endothelial dysfunction was restored back to levels of healthy subjects.

Conclusions:
These results reveal sDPP4 as a relevant mediator in early vascular aging and highlight its capacity activating main proinflammatory mediators in the endothelium that might be pharmacologically tackled.
Prototype of a Warn-on-Forecast System for Smoke (WoFS-Smoke)
Authors: Jones Thomas , Ahmadov Ravan , James Eric , Pereira Gabriel , Freitas Saulo , Grell Georg 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This research begins the process of creating an ensemble-based forecast system for smoke aerosols generated from wildfires using a modified version of the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) Warn-on-Forecast System (WoFS). The existing WoFS has proven effective in generating short-term (0–3 h) probabilistic forecasts of high-impact weather events such as storm rotation, hail, severe winds, and heavy rainfall. However, it does not include any information on large smoke plumes generated from wildfires that impact air quality and the surrounding environment. The prototype WoFS-Smoke system is based on the deterministic High-Resolution Rapid Refresh-Smoke (HRRR-Smoke) model. HRRR-Smoke runs over a continental United States (CONUS) domain with a 3-km horizontal grid spacing, with hourly forecasts out to 48 h. The smoke plume injection algorithm in HRRR-Smoke is integrated into the WoFS forming WOFS-Smoke so that the advantages of the rapidly cycling, ensemble-based WoFS can be used to generate short-term (0–3 h) probabilistic forecasts of smoke. WoFS-Smoke forecasts from three wildfire cases during 2020 show that the system generates a realistic representation of wildfire smoke when compared against satellite observations. Comparison of smoke forecasts with radar data show that forecast smoke reaches higher levels than radar-detected debris, but exceptions to this are noted. The radiative effect of smoke on surface temperature forecasts is evident, which reduces forecast errors compared to experiments that do not include smoke.
Nationwide Analysis of Hospital Admissions Prior to Hartmann’s Procedure for Acute Diverticulitis
Authors: Qafiti Fred N. , Marsh Amanda M. , Yi Slee , Rosenthal Andrew , Parreco Joshua , Lopez-Viego Miguel A. , Buicko Jessica L. 
Published: April 2022

Introduction Diverticular disease is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases that require hospital admission. This study aims to identify trends in prior hospital admissions for patients that ultimately require a Hartmann’s procedure for complicated diverticulitis. Methods The Nationwide Readmissions Database for 2010–2014 was queried for all patients aged 18 years or older admitted with an ICD-9 code for colonic diverticulitis and end colostomy creation. Patients with prior hospital admissions were identified. The primary outcome was mortality after Hartmann’s procedure. Secondary outcomes were prior hospital admission and previous percutaneous drain placement. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to control for confounding factors for each outcome and results were weighted for national estimates. Results There were 90,162 patients admitted with complicated diverticulitis requiring end colostomy creation. Prior hospital admissions were found in 28.1% (n = 25,307) and 14.4% (n = 12,947) had a previous percutaneous drain placed during a prior admission. The overall mortality rate was 5.9% (n = 5314) after Hartman’s procedure. The mortality rate for patients with prior hospital admissions was 8.7% ( P < .001), and the mortality rate for patients with previous percutaneous drain placement was 4.3% ( P < .001). After controlling for confounding factors including comorbidities, patients with prior admission had an increased risk of mortality (OR 1.48 [1.40–1.58], P < .001) and patients with previous percutaneous drain placement had a decreased risk of mortality (OR .66 [.60-.72], P < .001). Conclusions Hospitalizations for complications of diverticulitis are a costly burden to our healthcare system. By identifying those patients at high risk for readmission and emergency surgery, perioperative outcomes may be improved.
Does Metabolic Syndrome Effect the Perioperative Course and Costs of Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma Undergoing Robotic Hepatectomy? A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis
Authors: Rayman Shlomi , Sucandy Iswanto , Ross Sharona B. , Crespo Kaitlyn , Syblis Cameron , App Samantha , Rosemurgy Alexander 
Published: April 2022

Background This study was undertaken to examine the postoperative outcomes, costs, and survival after robotic hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with or without metabolic syndrome. Methods Following IRB approval, we prospectively followed 56 patients undergoing robotic hepatectomy for HCC from 2016-2020. Patients with metabolic syndrome were compared to patients without metabolic syndrome regarding postoperative clinical outcomes, costs, and survival. Propensity score matching of a 1:1 ratio matched patients with and without metabolic syndrome according to 6 variables. Results 17 patients were matched to each arm. Mean age was 64 ± 14.0 years and 30 patients (88%) had operations that were classified as advanced (IWATE 7-9) or expert (IWATE 10-12). There were no differences between patients with metabolic syndrome versus patients without metabolic syndrome in terms of operative duration (306 [301 ± 76.2] vs 239 [260 ± 116.9] minutes; P = 0.23), estimated blood loss (300 [321 ± 195.5] vs 200 [214 ± 151.4] ml; P = 0.08), conversion to “open” operation (1 [6%] vs 1 [6%]; p = 1.00), tumor size (5 [5 ± 3.0] vs 3 [4 ± 2.2] cm; P = 0.28), postoperative complications with Clavien-Dindo Score (≥III) (0 vs 1; P = 1.00), in-hospital mortality (0 [0%] vs 1 [6%]; P = 1.00), length of stay (5 [5 ± 1.7] vs 4 [5 ± 4.4] days; P = 1.00), and 30-day readmissions (1 [6%] vs 1 [6%]; P = 1.00). There were no differences in overall costs and profit. There was no difference in 1-year, 2-year, and 3- year overall survival in patients with or without metabolic syndrome after robotic HCC resection (84% vs 77%, 84% vs 61%, and 45% vs 61%, P = 0.42). Conclusion For patients with and without metabolic syndrome, robotic advanced/expert hepatectomy for HCC resulted in similar intra-operative metrics, postoperative outcomes, costs, and survival.
Enhancement in creep resistance of pristine polystyrene with incorporation of exfoliated 2D graphene nanosheets at low filler loading
Authors: Malik Arfa , Raza Hassan , Ahmad Arslan , Raza Muhammad Rafi , Arshad Muhammad Usama 
Published: April 2022

Determination of the reliability and durability of polymers in structural applications is highly dependent on the resistance to time-dependent plastic deformation. In this study, creep behaviour and enhancement in creep resistance of polystyrene-graphene nanocomposites is investigated at low filler loading. Herein, 2D material (graphene) is synthesised by the liquid-phase exfoliation method ( LPE) using the tetrahydrofuran ( THF) solvent via batch sonication. Samples are characterised by Scanning Electron Microscopy ( SEM) for morphology analysis and X-rays Diffraction ( XRD) for identification of polystyrene-graphene (PS-G) peaks in nanocomposites. Additionally, Atomic Force Microscopy ( AFM) is employed to quantify sheet’s thickness and Optical Microscopy ( OM) to corroborate the dispersion of 2D sheets. The creep resistance of PS-G nanocomposites is measured at room temperature (25°C) by incorporating 2D sheets of flake length ∼359 μm with 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 wt.%. A significant enhancement in the time to withstand constant creep load (1 N) is observed. The creep resistance of the samples exhibits a maximum increase of 79%, 258.24%, 647.25%, 417.58% and 760.44%, respectively, compared to pristine polystyrene. This increase in creep resistance resulted from intense interfacial contact between polymer chains and filler accompanied by adequate scattering/dispersion in the polymer matrix.
Feline Comorbidities: Balancing hyperthyroidism and concurrent chronic kidney disease
Authors: Geddes Rebecca , Aguiar Joana 
Published: April 2022

Practical relevance: Both hyperthyroidism and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are common long-term conditions in older cats, which might be diagnosed concurrently or develop at different times. Hyperthyroidism may mask the presence of CKD, and vice versa, by various mechanisms that are described in this review. Hyperthyroidism treatment options should be carefully considered when CKD has also been diagnosed. Clinical challenges: Although it can be difficult to diagnose hyperthyroidism and CKD simultaneously, given that one condition may mask the other, it is important to consider the presence of both diseases when examining an older cat presenting with vomiting, weight loss, polyuria/ polydipsia, anorexia or sarcopenia. The concurrent presence of hyperthyroidism and CKD requires careful monitoring of glomerular filtration rate biomarkers, and adequate and prompt support of kidney function when normal thyroid function is re-established. Iatrogenic hypothyroidism is a recognised complication of all of the treatment options for hyperthyroidism, and increases the risk of azotaemia. Therapy with levothyroxine is recommended for cats that are hypothyroid and azotaemic. Evidence base: The information in this review draws on current literature and guidelines related to the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment recommendations for feline hyperthyroidism and CKD.
Global residue harmonic balance method for strongly nonlinear oscillator with cubic and harmonic restoring force
Authors: Lu Junfeng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract This paper focuses on the numerical investigation of a strongly nonlinear oscillator with cubic and harmonic restoring force. We transform this oscillator as a free damped cubic-quintic Duffing oscillator equation by Taylor approximation. The approximated solutions with high accuracy are provided by using the global residue harmonic balance method (GRHBM) without any discretization or restrict assumptions. The sensitive analysis of the approximation or the frequency with respect to the amplitude is considered in detail. Numerical comparisons with Runge–Kutta method and harmonic balance method are given to show the efficiency and stability of GRHBM.
Direct oral anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation and heart valve surgery—a meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Gerfer Stephen , Djordjevic Ilija , Eghbalzadeh Kaveh , Mader Navid , Wahlers Thorsten , Kuhn Elmar 
Published: April 2022

Aims: Oral anticoagulation with direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) could provide an alternative to vitamin K antagonists (VKA) for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing bioprosthetic heart valve replacement or valve repair. Methods and results: The aim of this meta-analysis was to review the safety and efficacy of DOAC in patients with surgical implanted bioprosthetic heart valves or valve repairs and AF including data from six clinical trials with a total of 1,857 patients. The efficacy and safety data of DOAC and VKA were pooled to perform random-effects meta-analyses using the Mantel–Haenszel method with pooled risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). A trial sequential analysis (TSA) was performed to assess statistical robustness. Death caused by cardiovascular cause or thromboembolic events were comparable (RR 0.67, 95% CI: 0.42–1.08; p = 0.10) as DOAC significantly reduced the risk for major bleeding (RR 0.55, 95% CI: 0.35–0.88; p = 0.01) and thromboembolic stroke or systemic embolism rates (RR 0.54, 95% CI: 0.32–0.90; p = 0.02). Rates for intracranial bleeding and hemorrhagic stroke (RR 0.27, 95% CI: 0.07–0.99; p = 0.05) show a trend toward fewer events in the DOAC group. Outcomes for major or minor bleeding events and all-cause mortality were comparable for DOAC and VKA. Conclusion: Cumulative data analysis reveals that DOAC may provide an effective and safe alternative to VKA in patients with AF after surgically implanted bioprosthetic heart valves or repair with AF. Within a relatively heterogeneous study population, this meta-analysis shows a risk reduction of major bleedings and thromboembolic stroke or systemic embolisms for DOAC.
Dural Arteriovenous Fistula as a Reversible Cause of Progressive Parkinsonism and Dementia: A Case Report
Authors: Prosperini Luca , Gentile Mara , Ricci Monica , Gerace Carmela , Fabiano Sebastiano , Stasolla Alessandro , Gasperini Claudio , Cotroneo Enrico 
Published: April 2022

A dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) is an abnormal direct connection between an intracranial artery and the dural venous sinus. In rare cases, DAVF might show rapidly progressive dementia onset with extrapyramidal signs, often misdiagnosed as Parkinson disease or vascular parkinsonism and, therefore, pharmacological treatments are ineffective. Here, we report the case of 84-year-old man with rapidly progressive parkinsonism and dementia who was initially treated with levodopa without any improvement. Approximately 8 months following the symptom onset, a magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the brain revealed bilateral and symmetrical hyperintensity of the white matter on both cerebral hemispheres on T2-weighted images. Three-dimensional and post-contrast T1-weighted images showed a subtentorial ovalar area with venous drainage alteration, and hypertrophic left occipital artery direct to venous sac. The angiography study confirmed a diagnosis of DAVF. Endovascular treatment by cook pressure technique successfully provided fistula obliteration. The patient rapidly recovered after the endovascular treatment, with restitutio ad integrum of cognitive functioning and resolution of extrapyramidal syndrome. Approximately 1 year after the endovascular treatment, a brain MR scan with angiogram-MR sequences showed almost complete disappearance of white matter alterations on both cerebral hemispheres, and normal visualization of venous system.
Home-based management practice of diarrhea in under 5 years old children and associated factors among caregivers in Ginchi town, Oromia region, west Ethiopia
Authors: Terefe Gemechu , Murugan Rajalakshim , Bedada Tadesse , Bacha Girma , Bekele Gadisa 
Published: April 2022

Objective: The study was aimed to assess the home-based management practice of diarrhea and associated factors among caregivers in children under 5 years old at Ginchi town, Oromia region, West Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 335 caregivers in Ginchi town. Data were collected using face-to-face interviewing questionnaires by using a systematic sampling technique. Data were entered into Epi-data version 3.5.1 and exported to statically software package for social science version 23.0 for analysis. Descriptive analyses were carried out. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were done to identify predictors of home-based management practice of diarrhea in children under 5 years old. Result: The study had a total of 326 participants, with a 97.3% response rate. Accordingly, 193 (59%) have a good home-based management practice of diarrhea in children under the age of 5 years. Attended elementary school (adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval), 0.17 (0.06, 0.47)), high school education (adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval), 0.04 (0.013, 0.126)), monthly income in second class (adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval), 0.19 (0.04, 0.94)), and being mother in child relationship (adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval), 1.27 (1.4, 4.20)) were the identified predictors of home-based management practice of diarrhea in children under 5 years old. Conclusion: More than half of the respondents have a good home-based management practice of diarrhea in children under 5 years old. Caregivers’ educational status, being mothers of the child, and monthly income were the identified predictors. As a result, health education and awareness programs for caregivers on diarrhea control, proper use of oral rehydration solution, home-based fluid preparation, and diarrhea prevention are critical.
Performance of an auto-adjusting prosthetic socket during walking with intermittent socket release
Authors: Weathersby Ethan J , Vamos Andrew C , Larsen Brian G , McLean Jake B , Carter Ryan V , Allyn Katheryn J , Ballesteros Daniel , Wang Horace , deGrasse Nicholas S , Friedly Janna L , Hafner Brian J , Garbini Joseph L , Ciol Marcia A , Sanders Joan E 
Published: April 2022

Introduction A challenge in the engineering of auto-adjusting prosthetic sockets is to maintain stable operation of the control system while users change their bodily position and activity. The purpose of this study was to test the stability of a socket that automatically adjusted socket size to maintain fit. Socket release during sitting was conducted between bouts of walking. Methods Adjustable sockets with sensors that monitored distance between the liner and socket were fabricated. Motor-driven panels and a microprocessor-based control system adjusted socket size during walking to maintain a target sensed distance. Limb fluid volume was recorded continuously. During eight sit/walk cycles, the socket panels were released upon sitting and then returned to position for walking, either the size at the end of the prior bout or a size 1.0% larger in volume. Results In six transtibial prosthesis users, the control system maintained stable operation and did not saturate (move to and remain at the end of the actuator’s range) during 98% of the walking bouts. Limb fluid volume changes generally matched the panel position changes executed by the control system. Conclusions Stable operation of the control system suggests that the auto-adjusting socket is ready for testing in users’ at-home settings.