bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical Studies on the Effect of Hexamine Addition and Ratio on the Properties of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber Composites
Authors: Badr Magd M. , Keshawy Mohamed , El‐mesallamy Salwa M. , Ibrahim F. A. , El‐Shafie M. , Hasan Abdulrahiem M. A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe effect of hexamine (HA) addition on the morphological, thermal, mechanical, and dielectric properties of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) composites has been considered. In this regard, HA was composited with NBR in different part percentages. The prepared formulations were characterized by using ATR‐FTIR and mapped with AFM for their topographical features which revealed multiple protrusions and showed that HA was distributed in the form of clustered crystals on the rubber surface and within the rubber matrix. The investigated data revealed that the tensile strength, elongation, and shore A hardness were improved with addition and increasing HA ratio till 50 phr then reneged. The thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) showed a graduated decreasing effect on the thermal stability by addition of HA. Moreover, upon increasing the proportion of HA in the composite, the electrical resistivity was dropped by several orders of magnitude at a critical filler concentration. The conductivity through composite material is described as a transport mechanism that involves electrons tunneling through the gaps founded in between of the two discontinuous conducting elements and a continuous conducting network forming. Experimental and calculated values of electrical resistivity showed close similarity only at higher HA loading ratios.
Aryloxy Alkyl Theophylline Derivatives as Antifungal Agents: Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Computational Studies
Authors: Faghih Zeinab , Emami Leila , Zomoridian Kamiar , Sabet Razieh , Bargebid Rahele , Mansourian Ali , Zeinali Behnam , Rostami Zohre , Khabnadideh Soghra 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInfectious diseases are still one of the leading causes of death and disability in human society. Synthetic antimicrobial agents have recently emerged as promising candidates against drug‐resistant pathogens. Here we described an efficient procedure for synthesis of aryloxyalkyl theophylline analouges as novel antimicrobial agents. Fourtheen new compounds were synthesized (5 a–5 n) and their chemical structures were approved by different spectroscopic methods. The synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activities by broth micro dilution method as recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Molecular docking studies were also performed to forecast their binding modes against cytochrome P450 lanosterol 14α‐demethylase as a main target. The results represented appropriate correlation between molecular docking and antimicrobial activity of the compounds. Based on biological results and in silico ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) predictions, compound 5 g can be considered as an ideal antimicrobial agent for the future studies.
How students reason about matter flows and accumulations in complex biological phenomena: An emerging learning progression for mass balance
Authors: Scott Emily E. , Cerchiara Jack , McFarland Jenny L. , Wenderoth Mary Pat , Doherty Jennifer H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a strong push to transform STEM education at K‐12 and collegiate levels to help students learn to think like scientists. One aspect of this transformation involves redesigning instruction and curricula around fundamental scientific ideas that serve as conceptual scaffolds students can use to build cohesive knowledge structures. In this study, we investigated how students use mass balance reasoning as a conceptual scaffold to gain a deeper understanding of how matter moves through biological systems. Our aim was to lay the groundwork for a mass balance learning progression in physiology. We drew on a general models framework from biology and a covariational reasoning framework from math education to interpret students' mass balance ideas. We used a constant comparative method to identify students' reasoning patterns from 73 interviews conducted with undergraduate biology students. We helped validate the reasoning patterns identified with >8000 written responses collected from students at multiple institutions. From our analyses, we identified two related progress variables that describe key elements of students' performances: the first describes how students identify and use matter flows in biology phenomena; the second characterizes how students use net rate‐of‐change to predict how matter accumulates in, or disperses from, a compartment. We also present a case study of how we used our emerging mass balance learning progression to inform instructional practices to support students' mass balance reasoning. Our progress variables describe one way students engage in three dimensional learning by showing how student performances associated with the practice of mathematical thinking reveal their understanding of the core concept of matter flows as governed by the crosscutting concept of matter conservation. Though our work is situated in physiology, it extends previous work in climate change education and is applicable to other scientific fields, such as physics, engineering, and geochemistry.
Assessment of foodborne transmission ofSalmonella enteritidisin hens and eggs in Bangladesh
Authors: Khatun Mst Fatema , Khan Md Abu Sayem , Ahmed Md Firoz , Rahman Md Majibur , Rahman Sabita Rezwana 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesSalmonellais considered one of the leading causes of foodborne illnesses worldwide. Information about the transmission of pathogens to poultry and poultry products is necessary to implement control measures for reducing both human exposure and economic loss. The aim of this study was to analyze and evaluate the transmission characteristics ofSalmonella enteritidisto laying‐type hen flocks and their laid eggs.Materials and methodsFor this purpose, 15 pairs of laying hens were used in which each pair consisted of one inoculated and one contact exposed hen. The eggs and cloacal swabs from these hens were subsequently analyzed.ResultsOf the 15 in‐contact hens tested, 60% were found to be positive forS. enteritidiswithin 61 days postinoculation, of which 26.7% transmission occurred within the first 31 days postinoculation. Among the collected laid eggs tested,S. enteritidiswas detected on 58% eggshells and 5.33% eggs internal contents. We also observed a 33.33% reduction in egg production fromS. enteritidis‐infected hens. In a cross‐contamination study, we demonstrated that an experimentally inoculated container can act as a potential source ofSalmonellaspp. infection.ConclusionsOur results will help establish effective monitoring programs to reduce the transmission ofSalmonellaspp. in poultry and poultry products.
Theory of Change Diagrams
Authors: Barbrook-Johnson Pete , Penn Alexandra S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter introduces Theory of Change diagrams, a popular approach to mapping the causal logic between interventions, their impacts, and the assumptions they rely upon. Despite a wide variety in practice, we attempt to outline what Theory of Change diagrams are, how you can use them, and where they sit in the wider Theory of Change approach. We describe their strengths, weaknesses, and a brief history, and point readers to useful resources, as well as offer some tips for getting started.
Precautionary Principles
Authors: Rechnitzer Tanja 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter introduces the main idea and motivation behind precautionary principles (PPs) and gives an overview of different PP interpretations according to their functions: action-guiding, epistemic, procedural, and integrated interpretations are distinguished. The chapter then describes the main lines of arguments that have been presented in favor of PPs before presenting the most important objections that PPs face, along with possible rejoinders.
Assessing Professional Caregivers’ Intention to Use and Relatives’ Support of Use for a Mobile Service Robot in Group Therapy for Institutionalized People with Dementia – A Standardized Assessment Using an Adapted Version of UTAUT
Authors: Wasić Catharina , Bahrmann Frank , Vogt Stefan , Böhme Hans-Joachim , Graessel Elmar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroduction: Care settings for people with dementia involve not only the individuals who are being cared for but also professional caregivers and relatives. Therefore, the use of a social robot also depends on professional caregivers’ and relatives’ acceptance of the robot.Methods: We surveyed 29 relatives and 18 professional caregivers of institutionalized people with dementia in a nursing home in Germany. To assess acceptance, we used an adapted version of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology and the Almere model.Results: Intention to use the robot by professional caregivers correlates positively with attitude, facilitating conditions and perceived usefulness as well as negatively with anxiety. Support of use by relatives correlates positively with attitude, perceived usefulness, facilitating conditions and social influence. Intention to use and support of use significantly differ between professional caregivers and relatives.Conclusion: For professional caregivers and relatives that are not the primary users of the robot and only indirectly affected by the employment of a robot, perceived usefulness and attitude have a significant influence on the acceptance. Professional caregivers are more skeptical about social robots and have lower acceptance values compared to relatives.
Gauging Awareness of Accessibility in Open Educational Resources
Authors: Pierrès Oriane , Darvishy Alireza 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOpen Educational Resources (OERs) have been widely promoted in the higher education community in recent years. However, the accessibility of OERs for people with disabilities has received relatively little attention. This paper presents the results of interviews carried out with people at higher education institutions worldwide who are involved in the creation and implementation of OERs. The goal is to gauge the awareness of accessibility issues in OERs. This paper raises the following research questions: How much do OER creators know about accessibility? What measures are needed to ensure accessibility in OERs? Results suggest that OER creators are aware about some issues around accessibility, but they still need further training on how to solve them. OER creators lack time, skills, and awareness to create accessible OERs. Support from specialists and colleagues and hands-on trainings can help cope with these challenges.
The Impact of Subjective Technology Adaptivity on the Willingness of Persons with Disabilities to Use Emerging Assistive Technologies: A European Perspective
Authors: König Alexandra , Alčiauskaitė Laura , Hatzakis Tally 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEmerging digital technologies like augmented reality (AR) hold promising prospects for people with disabilities. It remains, however, an open question how persons with disabilities respond to technological demands. The paper examines the potential impact of users’ self-assessment of their own competence in using these technologies on users’ responses by examining their Subjective Technology Adaptivity (STA) [1] and use intention to study the relationship between their self-assessed adaptivity and volitional technology use. To this end, data from 545 Europeans with different types of disabilities were collected based on an online survey. The research focused on six emerging assistive technologies related to mobility: accessible navigation systems, artificial intelligence alerts, wearables, robots, augmented reality and location-based alerts. The results show that the adaptivity to technology of people with disabilities predicts the use intention for emerging assistive technologies. There was, however, great variability depending on the type of disability. For example, a high STA of people with physical, visual, hearing or intellectual impairments predicted their willingness to use intention of AI-based alters but not for people with mental health issues or multiple impairments. Our findings shed new light on the role of perceived technology adaptivity of persons with disabilities for future technology use intention.
Development of Tabletop Models of Internal Organs for Anatomy Learning of the Visually Impaired
Authors: Shinoda Moeka , Koike Akihiro , Teraguchi Sayaka , Teshima Yoshinori 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this study, we developed two types of tabletop models of internal organs as tactile teaching materials that can be used by the visually impaired when learning anatomy. The first one is a model in which parts of the internal organs that do not have connectional relationships are placed in a concave area of a pedestal. The second one is a model in which parts of the internal organs have a connectional relationship. Parts of the organs were connected using connecting pins, holes, and rubber tubes. A connected respiratory system, a connected digestive system, and a connected urinary system are also placed in the concave areas of the pedestal. Evaluation experiments conducted on the two types of tactile teaching materials revealed that the second model is a better teaching material in terms of placement stability and an understanding of the connectional relationship of internal organs.
Impact of Using an Eye-Gaze Technology by a Young Adult with Severe Cerebral Palsy Without Speech
Authors: Hsieh Yu-Hsin , Granlund Mats , Hwang Ai-Wen , Hemmingsson Helena 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis case study explores an eye-gaze technology intervention for a young adult with severe physical and speech difficulties and visual impairments. Data were collected over a six-month intervention period encompassing measures on pupil’s occupational performance of computer activities and psychosocial impact, and interviews with the user, the parents, and the teacher on the technology acceptability. The results showed that the six-month intervention enhanced the pupil’s performance in three computer activities and led to a positive psychosocial impact. The parent and teacher described the intervention as appropriate to increase the pupil’s self-expression and interaction with others, and there was no adverse event during the study period. The pupil demonstrated motivation to use the eye-gaze technology after the intervention continuously. In conclusion, this study shows that a young adult with severe motor impairments and visual problems can benefit from using eye-gaze technology to increase participation in leisure activities, communication, and social interactions.
Voice Assistant-Based CBT for Depression in Students: Effects of Empathy-Driven Dialog Management
Authors: Gotthardt Marie , Striegl Julian , Loitsch Claudia , Weber Gerhard 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWith a rising number of students with depression, new low-threshold solutions have to be found to strengthen the resilience against and help those affected by mental disorders. One approach lies in the usage of chatbots (CBs) to provide tools based in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) that can be used independently in order to reduce symptoms of depression. To ensure the adherence to such systems, a good usability and acceptance is important. Conversational agents (CAs) that provide CBT-based content should further be sensitive to the users emotional state, as empathy is one central aspect of therapy. While promising research has been going on in the field of CB-based empathy-driven CBT, voice assistant-based (VA-based) solutions have thus far not been investigated deeply. Therefore, we propose a VA-based, empathy-driven system, capable of delivering selected methods from CBT to students with depression.To assess the effects of empathy-driven dialog management on perceived usability and acceptance, we conducted a single blind randomized controlled A/B testing experiment with 10 participants. While the application of empathetical dialog management shows no benefits to the usability and acceptance, results overall indicate a good usability and acceptance of the system in the target group.
Magnetising the $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 Super Yang-Mills plasma
Authors: Ballon-Bayona Alfonso , Shock Jonathan P. , Zoakos Dimitrios 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We investigate the thermodynamics of the anisotropic magnetic AdS5 black brane solution found by D’Hoker and Kraus [1]. This solution is the gravity dual of a strongly coupled $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 Super Yang-Mills plasma in ℝ3, 1, with temperature T, in the presence of a magnetic field $$ \mathcal{B} $$
B
. Following the procedure of holographic renormalisation we calculate the Gibbs free energy and the holographic stress tensor of the conformal plasma. We evaluate several thermodynamic quantities including the magnetisation, the anisotropic pressures and the speeds of sound. Our results are consistent with an RG flow from a perturbed AdS5 black brane at small $$ \mathcal{B} $$
B
/T2 to a BTZ × ℝ2 black brane at large $$ \mathcal{B} $$
B
/T2. We also perform a phenomenological analysis where we compare the thermodynamics of a magnetised conformal plasma against the lattice QCD results for the thermodynamics of the magnetised quark-gluon plasma.
Identification of QTLs for wheat heading time across multiple-environments
Authors: Benaouda Salma , Dadshani Said , Koua Patrice , Léon Jens , Ballvora Agim 
Published: July 2022

AbstractKey messageThe genetic response to changing climatic factors selects consistent across the tested environments and location-specific thermo-sensitive and photoperiod susceptible alleles in lower and higher altitudes, respectively, for starting flowering in winter wheat.AbstractWheat breeders select heading date to match the most favorable conditions for their target environments and this is favored by the extensive genetic variation for this trait that has the potential to be further explored. In this study, we used a germplasm with broad geographic distribution and tested it in multi-location field trials across Germany over three years. The genotypic response to the variation in the climatic parameters depending on location and year uncovered the effect of photoperiod and spring temperatures in accelerating heading date in higher and lower latitudes, respectively. Spring temperature dominates other factors in inducing heading, whereas the higher amount of solar radiation delays it. A genome-wide scan of marker-trait associations with heading date detected two QTL: an adapted allele at locus TaHd102 on chromosome 5A that has a consistent effect on HD in German cultivars in multiple environments and a non-adapted allele at locus TaHd044 on chromosome 3A that accelerates flowering by 5.6 days. TaHd102 and TaHd044 explain 13.8% and 33% of the genetic variance, respectively. The interplay of the climatic variables led to the detection of environment specific association responding to temperature in lower latitudes and photoperiod in higher ones. Another locus TaHd098 on chromosome 5A showed epistatic interactions with 15 known regulators of flowering time when non-adapted cultivars from outside Germany were included in the analysis.
Associations Between Preoperative Risk, Postoperative Complications, and 30‐Day Mortality
Authors: Madsen Helen J. , Henderson William G. , Bronsert Michael R. , Dyas Adam R. , Colborn Kathryn L. , Lambert‐Kerzner Anne , Meguid Robert A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundComorbidities and postoperative complications increase mortality, making early recognition and management critical. It is useful to understand how they are associated with one another. This study assesses associations between comorbidities, complications, and mortality.MethodsWe calculated associations between comorbidities, complications, and 30‐day mortality using the 2012–2018 ACS‐NSQIP database. We examined the association between mortality and number of complications which complications were most associated with mortality.Results5,777,108 patients were included. 30‐day mortality was 0.95%. For most comorbidities or postoperative complications, patients with these had higher mortality than patients without. Having ≥ 1 complication increased mortality risk by 32.5‐fold (6.5% vs. 0.2%). Mortality rate significantly increased with increasing number of complications, particularly after two or more complications. Bleeding and sepsis were associated with the most deaths.ConclusionThe 30‐day mortality rate was < 1% but was 32‐fold higher in patients with complications and increased rapidly for patients with ≥ 2 complications. Bleeding and sepsis were the most prominent complications associated with mortality.
Sex differences in treatment patterns for non-advanced muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a descriptive analysis of 3484 patients of the Netherlands Cancer Registry
Authors: Richters Anke , Leliveld Anna M. , Goossens-Laan Catharina A. , Aben Katja K. H. , Özdemir Berna C. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Bladder cancer (BC) is a common malignancy with well-established differences in incidence, clinical manifestation and outcomes between men and women. It is unknown to what extent disparities in outcomes are influenced by differences in treatment approaches. This paper describes treatment patterns among men and women with muscle-invasive BC focusing on curative treatment (radical cystectomy or trimodal therapy).

Methods
A retrospective population-based cohort study was performed with data from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. All patients newly diagnosed with muscle-invasive, non-advanced BC (MIBC, cT2-4a, N0/X, M0/X) in the years 2018, 2019 and 2020 were identified. Patient and tumor characteristics and initial treatment were compared between men and women with descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analyses.

Results
A total of 3484 patients were diagnosed with non-advanced MIBC in 2018–2020 in the Netherlands, of whom 28% were women. Women had higher T-stage and more often non-urothelial histology. Among all strata of clinical T-stage, women less often received treatment with curative intent (radical cystectomy [RC] or trimodality treatment). Among RC-treated patients, women more often received neoadjuvant treatment (except for cT4a disease). After adjustment for pre-treatment factors, odds ratios were indicative of women having lower probability of receiving curative treatment and RC specifically, and higher probability to receive NAC when treated with RC then men, although not statistically significant.

Conclusions
Considerable differences in treatment patterns between men and women with MIBC exist. A more considerate role of the patient’s sex in treatment decisions could help decrease these differences and might mitigate disparities in outcomes.