bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reopening of a school of dentistry in the era of COVID‐19 pandemic, “Step‐by‐step” approach
Authors: Hasanzade Mahya , Aminishakib Pouyan , Mortaz Hejri Sara , Kharazifard Mohamma Javad , Siadat Hakimeh 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe COVID‐19 pandemic has a great impact on all aspects of higher education worldwide. In Iran, after several months of lockdown, all dental schools coped with the challenge of “reopening.” School of Dentistry of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) planned to facilitate the process of reopening using a “step‐by‐step” approach. The aim of this study was sharing our experiences of reopening of the school during the pandemic.MethodsTUMS School of Dentistry planned a “step‐by‐step” approach of reopening of school to both provide infrastructure of online education for theoretical credits and reassure all staff and students about infection control for practical courses. Also, a two‐section survey on students’ satisfaction with a variety of aspects of reopening process and the clinical performance of students in different clinical courses was conducted.ResultsFindings showed 65.1% of the students, attended the survey, were satisfied with reopening of the school. Also, 86.4% were satisfied with the new online method of education for theoretical courses. Regarding personal protective equipment (PPE) provided for the students, 22.9% and 56.5% of them were satisfied and moderately satisfied, respectively. Additionally, 78.2% of the students were satisfied with the newly developed online assessment method.ConclusionAlthough reopening of schools during COVID‐19 pandemic seems enigmatic for all authorities and students, the “step‐by‐step” plan designed by TUMS School of dentistry including emotional and infrastructural prerequisites might be a reliable method for all people, who are in charge of management of dental school in uncertain crisis.
Long‐maintained social–ecological systems and genetic diversity in coexisting insects: A case of the straw‐thatched roof nesting solitary wasp Symmorphus apiciornatus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)
Authors: Sato Goshi , Kojima Jun‐ichi , Horikoshi Hinako , Saito‐Morooka Fuki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThatched roofs are artificial environments that serve as nesting sites for a variety of insects, including tube‐nesting wasps, but they have been declining drastically in recent years. In this study, we investigated the nesting habits of a eumenine wasp, Symmorphus apiciornatus, nesting in a group at thatched roofs in a northern part of Ibaraki Prefecture, central Japan. Genetic diversity and genetic structure in the area were also investigated. Sex ratios at most study sites were not biased. Males emerged first and waited for females to mate around the natal nests, suggesting a high possibility of breeding between the wasps having emerged at a given thatched roof under the recent situation where there has been a drastic reduction in the number of houses with a thatched roof. Nevertheless, the genetic diversity in a given local population or a thatched roof was relatively high and significant genetic differentiation among thatched roofs was not detected.
Yellow–green color polymorphism in males of a pea aphid clone and its genetic pattern
Authors: Li Yang , Akimoto Shin‐ichi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough most aphid species living on leaves have a green body color, little is known regarding the biosynthetic pathways of green pigments. We found that a clone of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) produced both green‐ and yellow‐colored males. The females of this clone were green in color, while 8.4% of the males produced were yellow. To date, yellow body color has been reported only in a single mutant clone in A. pisum. To explore the genetic pattern of yellow body color, green or yellow males were mated with green females of the same clone. The hatchability of the eggs sired by yellow males (26.2%) was less than half that of the eggs sired by green males (79.0%). The hatched foundresses of both groups were all green, with no yellow foundresses. Because aphids have an XX‐XO sex determination system, color polymorphism in males suggests that male body color may be governed by an X‐linked locus. If females possess heterozygosity at the putative locus, they can produce alternative phenotypes in males. The small proportion of yellow males and absence of yellow foundresses imply that the allele responsible for yellow body color has a deleterious effect. The present study suggests that this clone could be used to elucidate the biosynthetic pathways and underlying genetics of green pigments in aphids.
Development of a Quantitative Framework for Evaluating Natural Attenuation of 1,1,1‐TCA, 1,1‐DCA, 1,1‐DCE, and 1,4‐Dioxanein Groundwater
Authors: Adamson David T. , Wilson John T. , Newell Charles J. , Strasert Brian A. , de Blanc Phillip C. , Freedman David L. , Lebrón Carmen , Danko Anthony 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA series of quantitative decision frameworks were developed to aid in the evaluation of Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA) as a remedy for 1,4‐dioxane, chlorinated ethanes, and chlorinated ethenes. The end product is an updated version of BioPIC, a successful, existing decision framework for MNA of chlorinated ethenes. In evaluating MNA, the goal is to follow existing protocols but also incorporate more recent insights that have increased the potential viability of this technology for a wider number of contaminants. This includes data supporting the first line of evidence for MNA (decreasing concentration trends over time at appropriate sampling locations), as well as data that will serve as secondary and tertiary lines of evidence for MNA. For the BioPIC update, a similar lines of evidence approach was developed, using information from literature and project‐specific data to identify the relevant lines of evidence. As part of the update, a model for predicting contaminant trends over time and distance, including a method to estimate site‐specific biodegradation rate constants for chlorinated ethenes, chlorinated ethanes, and 1,4‐dioxane, has been included within BioPIC. The quantitative software tool provides step‐by‐step technical guidance for collecting and evaluating other lines of evidence, including data associated with targeted14C assays, isotope fractionation, biomarkers for degradation, geochemical parameters, and co‐contaminant concentrations, to improve the MNA evaluation process.
Risk Management Failures: What Are They and When Do They Happen?
Authors: Stulz René M. 
Published: March 2022

The losses experienced by financial institutions during the Global Financial Crisis convinced many observers that current corporate risk management practices are deeply flawed, and that such flaws contributed greatly to the crisis. The author challenges this view by calling for and demonstrating the need to distinguish between flawed assessments by risk managers and corporate risk‐taking decisions that, although resulting in losses, were reasonable at the time they were made.In making this distinction, the author also identifies a number of different ways that risk management can fail. In addition to choosing the wrong risk metrics and misidentifying or mismeasuring risks, risk managers can fail to communicate their risk assessments and provide effective guidance to top management and boards. And once top management has used that information to help determine the firm's risk appetite and strategy, the risk management function can also fail to monitor risks appropriately and maintain the firm's targeted risk positions.But if risk management has been mistakenly identified as the culprit in many cases, current risk management practice can be improved by taking into account the lessons from financial crises past and present. In particular, such crises have occurred with enough frequency that crisis conditions can be modeled, at least to some extent. And when models reach their limits of usefulness, companies should consider using scenario planning that aims to reveal the implications of crises for their financial health and survival. Instead of relying on past data, scenario planning uses forward‐looking economic analysis to evaluate the expected impact of sudden illiquidity and the associated feedback effects that are common in financial crises.
How Companies Can Use Hedging to Create Shareholder Value
Authors: Stulz René M. 
Published: March 2022

Assessing the performance of a corporate risk management program, and how it is expected to increase the value of the enterprise, is a difficult undertaking mainly because the costs of risk management tend to be much easier to quantify—indeed, they often appear directly on the firm's bottom line—than the expected benefits. This article provides a framework for designing and evaluating corporate risk management and hedging programs.The author begins by discussing how to evaluate the benefits and costs of a risk management program in general terms, and then focuses more directly on the assessment of corporate hedging programs, which are generally conducted with derivatives. In practice, there are many obstacles to designing and carrying out a successful hedging program. But one of the most common has been the tendency of top managements to insist that hedging programs be “costless.” The author argues that just as the purchase of fire insurance is not viewed as a waste of funds or “bad investment” if the insured house does not burn down, the use of derivatives in a well‐designed hedge should not be viewed as a mistake if the deriv ative position produces losses.To guard against this mistake, the people who design and implement risk management strategies must ensure that their CEOs and boards understand the possible outcomes of the strategy—including losses on derivatives position—and how the strategy itself increases the (expected) value of the firm. Further, management should attempt to communicate the principles underlying its risk management program and the value created by its hedging strategy to the investment community.
FinTech, BigTech, and the Future of Banks
Authors: Stulz René M. 
Published: March 2022

Banks are unique financial institutions in that they combine the production of liquid claims—that is, demand deposits—with loans. Though banks can replicate most of what FinTech firms can do, FinTech firms benefit from an uneven playing field in that they are less regulated than banks. The uneven playing field enables nonbank FinTech firms to challenge banks in specific product areas where success is not tied to what makes banks unique—namely, their deposit‐gathering abilities and the potential for synergies with borrowers provided by deposits. And although banks’ responses to FinTech have also been hampered by their legacy IT systems and by the internal frictions inherent in large diversified firms, FinTech's narrow product offerings and lack of established “franchises” appear to put clear limits on FinTech's ability to displace banks.Unlike FinTech, however, BigTech firms have some advantages that banks will find it harder to replicate, and so they present a much stronger challenge to established banks in two main areas: consumer finance and loans to small firms. And FinTech as well as BigTech are contributing to a trend in which banks are losing a comparative advantage that has derived from having more immediate access to information about parties seeking credit. The extent to which banks succeed in warding off such threats will depend on their ability (1) to make effective—possibly even better—use of the same information technology now being used by its new competitors and (2) to achieve economies of scale and scope their nonbank competitors will find hard to match.
Transseptal access: A review of contemporary tools
Authors: Kaplan Rachel M. , Wasserlauf Jeremiah , Knight Bradley P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTransseptal left atrial catheterization is routinely used for many common catheter‐based interventions. Tools for transseptal catheterization have advanced over the recent years. Such tools include imaging advances with intracardiac echocardiology as well as an array of needles, wires, and dilators to achieve transseptal access with greater ease and safety. This study will discuss the contemporary tools for transseptal catheterization and guidance for difficult cases.
The performance changes and migration behavior of PLA/nano‐silver composite film by high‐pressure treatment in food simulation solution
Authors: Liu Yudi , Zhu Bifen , Fan Chunli , Qin Yuyue , Chen Haiyan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPolylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most promising biodegradable materials, which can reduce the environmental pollution caused by food and material industry. The effect of the addition proportion of nano‐silver and different food simulant on the migration and the performance changes of film during migration were evaluated, revealing the association between the performance changes and nano‐silver migration. The results showed that nano‐silver had the largest migration amount and the fastest migration rate in 4% (v/v) acetic acid solution, followed by 50% (v/v) ethanol solution, and the lowest in isooctane solution. Performance changes were affected by the compatibility of silver nanoparticles and PLA, and the strength of the interaction between the film and acetic acid. Performances of composite film deteriorated during high proportions of nano‐silver addition and long soaking. Adding a small amount of nano‐silver to the composite was the effective method considering the balance between good performances and migration.
Hereditary gynecologic tumors and precision cancer medicine
Authors: Ogawa Chikako , Hirasawa Akira , Ida Naoyuki , Nakamura Keiichiro , Masuyama Hisashi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGynecologic cancers are more often caused by genetic factors than other cancers. Genetic testing has become a promising avenue for the prevention, prognosis, and treatment of cancers. This review describes molecular features of gynecologic tumors linked to hereditary syndromes, gives an overview of the current state of clinical management, and clarifies the role of gynecology in the treatment of hereditary tumors. Typical hereditary gynecologic tumors include hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, Lynch syndrome, Peutz–Jeghers syndrome, and Cowden syndrome. Multigene panel testing, which analyzes a preselected subset of genes for genetic variants, has recently become the first‐choice test because it can provide more accurate risk assessment than a single test. Furthermore, comprehensive genomic cancer profiling enables personalized cancer treatment and aids in germline findings.
Gelation properties and protein conformation of grass carp fish ball as influenced by egg white protein
Authors: Yu Xiliang , Wang Yue , Xie Yisha , Wei Shibiao , Ding Haochen , Yu Chenxu , Dong Xiuping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDried egg white powder (EWP) and purified ovalbumin (OVA, 98%) were used as supplements to improve grass carp (GC) fish balls (FB) quality. The effects of EWP and/or OVA contents on the gel strength, water holding capacity (WHC), moisture migration and distribution, and rheological properties of GC‐FB, as well as on myofibrillar protein (MfP) structures in the GC‐FB were evaluated. The results showed that with the increase of EWP addition from 0 to 4% (w/w), the gel strength, and WHC of the GC‐FB samples were increased from 34.28 to 66.63 N × mm, and 83.02 to 88.36%, respectively, but the increases were insignificant between 3 and 4% EWP‐added GC‐FBs (p > .05). As the EWP increased, the T2 relaxation time shifted toward lower values, indicating a general decline in water mobility. The effects of EWP on rheological properties were insignificant. Addition of OVA and/or EWP led to changes in secondary structural units in the FB, with α‐helix (27.53%) reaching the highest value in OVA‐added GC‐FB, β‐sheet (46.07%) reaching the highest value in GC‐FB, and β‐turn (33.54%) reaching the highest value in EWP‐added GC‐FB, respectively. Raman spectroscopy revealed that OVA‐added GC‐FB had the lowest hydrophobic interlinkages. Protein pattern analysis suggested that the OVA (1.58%) might contribute to the decrease in the myosin heavy chain band intensity through cross‐linked with MfP. These results suggested that EWP could improve the quality of GC‐FBs and OVA played an important role with MfP gelation.
Adaptive variation in homologue number within transcript families promotes expression divergence in reef‐building coral
Authors: Dimos Bradford , Emery Madison , Beavers Kelsey , MacKnight Nicholas , Brandt Marilyn , Demuth Jeffery , Mydlarz Laura 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGene expression, especially in multispecies experiments, is used to gain insight into the genetic basis of how organisms adapt and respond to changing environments. However, evolutionary processes that can influence gene expression patterns between species such as the presence of paralogues which arise from gene duplication events are rarely accounted for. Paralogous transcripts can alter the transcriptional output of a gene, and thus exclusion of these transcripts can obscure important biological differences between species. To address this issue, we investigated how differences in transcript family size are associated with divergent gene expression patterns in five species of Caribbean reef‐building corals. We demonstrate that transcript families that are rapidly evolving in terms of size have increased levels of expression divergence. Additionally, these rapidly evolving transcript families are enriched for multiple biological processes, with genes involved in the coral innate immune system demonstrating pronounced variation in homologue number between species. Overall, this investigation demonstrates the importance of incorporating paralogous transcripts when comparing gene expression across species by influencing both transcriptional output and the number of transcripts within biological processes. As this investigation was based on transcriptome assemblies, additional insights into the relationship between gene duplications and expression patterns will probably emergence once more genome assemblies are available for study.
FODMAP dietary restrictions in the management of children with functional abdominal pain disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Stróżyk Agata , Horvath Andrea , Szajewska Hania 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundEvidence for the management of pediatric functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPD) is lacking. The aim of this systematic review was to update evidence on the efficacy and safety of implementing low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) dietary restrictions for the management of children with FAPD.MethodsThe Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and MEDLINE databases were searched up to October 2021 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the use of a low‐FODMAP diet with any comparator in children aged 3–18 years with FAPD. The primary outcome was abdominal pain intensity.Key ResultsFive RCTs assessing the effects of a low‐FODMAP diet were included. An effect of a low‐FODMAP diet on abdominal pain intensity was only found in two trials. In one trial, there was a decrease in abdominal pain intensity on a 0–10 point Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) between low‐FODMAP and gastrointestinal protective diet groups after 2 months (mean difference, MD 1.77, 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.23 to 2.31, n = 60). In another trial, there was a difference in abdominal pain intensity during the 3‐day intervention between the low‐FODMAP and typical Singaporean diet groups (MD −1.36 cm, 95% CI −2.38 to −0.34, n = 10) measured using a 0–10 cm VAS.Conclusions & InterferencesThere is insufficient evidence for or against the efficacy and safety of using a low‐FODMAP diet for the management of children with FAPD.
The burden of food allergy on children and teens: A systematic review
Authors: Golding Michael A. , Batac Ayel L. R. , Gunnarsson Nina V. , Ahlstedt Staffan , Middelveld Roelinde , Protudjer Jennifer L. P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundOver the last two decades, researchers have placed increasing attention on understanding how food allergy affects the health‐related quality of life (HRQL) and psychosocial well‐being of children and teens. In response, a number of reviews have been published that aim at synthesizing the literature. However, many of these papers focus narrowly on HRQL or suffer from methodological limitations.MethodThe current review aims to fill this gap by providing a comprehensive overview of the burden of pediatric food allergy by synthesizing the quantitative and qualitative literature.ResultsFindings from the present review provide evidence of reduced HRQL among children and teens with food allergy, particularly older children and those with more severe manifestations of the condition. In comparison to HRQL, the link between food allergy and psychosocial functioning is less clear; however, some evidence can be cited linking food allergy to greater levels of psychological distress. Qualitative evidence suggests that the burden of pediatric food allergy largely stems from worries surrounding exposures outside of the home and the social consequences of the condition. The current review also highlights several gaps in the literature, including a paucity of longitudinal research, research focused on predictors of psychological distress among children and teens with food allergy as well as a dearth of studies comparing rates of bullying in food‐allergic and non‐food‐allergic samples.ConclusionMore emphasis should be placed on not only alleviating the social and psychological consequences of food allergy, but also on identifying and assisting those most acutely burdened by the condition.
Mental health effects prevalence in children and adolescents during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review
Authors: Oliveira Júlia Meller Dias de , Butini Luciana , Pauletto Patrícia , Lehmkuhl Karyn Munyk , Stefani Cristine Miron , Bolan Michele , Guerra Eliete , Dick Bruce , De Luca Canto Graziela , Massignan Carla 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic health crisis has changed household and school routines leaving children and adolescents without important anchors in life. This, in turn, can influence their mental health, changing their behavioral and psychological conditions.AimsTo systematically review the literature to answer the question: “What is the worldwide prevalence of mental health effects in children and adolescents during the COVID‐19 pandemic?”.MethodsEmbase, Epistemonikos database, LILACS, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and World Health Organization Global literature on coronavirus disease were searched. Grey literature was searched on Google Scholar, Grey Literature Report, and Preprint server MedRxiv. Observational studies assessing the prevalence of mental health effects in children and adolescents during the COVID‐19 pandemic were included. Four authors independently collected the information and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies.ResultsFrom a total of 11,925 identified studies, 2873 remained after the removal of the duplicated records. Nineteen studies remained after the final selection process. The proportion of emotional symptoms and behavior changes varied from 5.7% to 68.5%; anxiety 17.6% to 43.7%, depression 6.3% to 71.5%, and stress 7% to 25%. Other outcomes such as the prevalence of post‐traumatic stress disorder (85.5%) and suicidal ideation (29.7% to 31.3%) were also evaluated.Linking Evidence to ActionOverall findings showed that the proportion of children and adolescents presenting mental health effects during the COVID‐19 pandemic showed a wide variation in different countries. However, there was a trend toward mental health issues. Therefore, policymakers, healthcare planners, youth mental health services, teachers, parents, and researchers need to be prepared to deal with this demand.