bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitudes and Perceptions of Teaching Staff About the Online Learning During the COVID19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Engineering Education
Authors: Gormaz-Lobos Diego , Galarce-Miranda Claudia , Kersten Steffen , Hortsch Hanno 
Published: May 2022

For a long time, the online learning (OL) was reserved for a particular group of learners: mostly older people with multiple family, work, financial and other responsibilities. These students benefited from the opportunities offered by this type of educational modality compared to traditional face-to-face education. However, the emergence of the Sars CoV virus (and its derivatives) not only generated health problems, but also affected social structures, generating various problems in the field of education The general objective of the present research is to know the perceptions and evaluations that academic teaching staff from a engineering faculty have about the emergency online teaching-learning process that occurred in the context of the COVID 19 pandemic. Based on several previous works related to online learning (OL) and recently in the literature on emergency online learning (EOL), an instrument (questionnaire) was developed and implemented with the participation of teachers from a Chilean university. The research is quantitative-descriptive and had the following specific objectives: To know about (1) the readiness of the teaching staff towards the OL and (2) their interactions with others, to characterize (3) the use of different Self-management skills and (4) the interaction with LMS and ICTs., and (5) to know about the available resources for OL. In general, the results show that teaching staff show mastery in aspects related to self-management of learning, but a low level of motivation and readiness for OL and a "loss" in aspects related to interaction with others (students and peers). These results provide a first approximation to university teachers ' perceptions of OL and allow us to identify several aspects that should be improved. This research was financially supported by DAAD (Project Nr. 57334905).
Evaluation of Smartphone usage as a Predictor of Social Jetlag in University Students
Authors: Mehta Karan V. , Mahajan Neeraj R. , Upadhyay Dishant B. , Jadeja Taxashil H. , Sevak Rajkumar J. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Individual sleep and activity patterns show large variations and are interfered considerably by social schedules. Social jetlag (SJL) is the difference between intrinsic circadian rhythm and extrinsically enforced sleep-wake cycle. However, little is known about the variables affecting the severity of SJL.

Methodology:
We evaluated whether sleep- or smartphone-related variables affected the severity of SJL among college students in India. A total of 1175 students from medicine, dental, engineering, paramedical, and other colleges in Gujarat, India, completed a web-based survey. The survey included demographic questions and questions from the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV), reduced Horne and Ostberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ), and Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ). The responses to the MCTQ determined SJL scores.

Results:
Outcomes from multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the sleep length on free-day (B = 0.42), chronotypes (B = 0.44, B2 = 0.40) maximum smartphone usage time after waking up (B = 0.92), smartphone addiction severity (B = –0.01) and free-day sleep onset range (B = –0.02) significantly predicted SJL scores (P < 0.03). The SJL severity was 0.42 and 0.40 units greater in individuals with morning-type and evening-type, respectively, compared to the neutral-type rMEQ category. The SJL severity was 0.92 units greater in individuals whose smartphone usage was maximum right after waking up compared to those whose usage was maximum during other times of the day. Every unit increase in SAS score decreased SJL by 0.01 units.

Conclusion:
These results indicate that SJL severity is affected by several factors, which can be targeted for developing interventions for reducing SJL among college students in India.
Effect of plateletpheresis on donor variables and platelet yield using three different cell separators: Experience from tertiary care hospital
Authors: Sharma Sarita , Bundas Sunita , Prinja Nippun , Sharma Amit , Narain Rachna 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

INTRODUCTION:
Platelet collection by apheresis is common nowadays. Many cell separators are available in the market for the same. This study was conducted to study the effect of various donor factors on platelet yield and the effect of different cell separator variables on platelet yield.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This cross-sectional study was done on 600 healthy apheresis platelet donors from April 2016 to March 2017 using three different cell separators. Donor variables, pre, and post-plateletpheresis hematological parameters, machine variables, platelet yield were observed.

RESULTS:
Postprocedural decline in hematological variables was seen. A positive correlation was seen with pre-apheresis platelet count, blood volume processed, and product volume. Product volume obtained was highest with COM. TEC. Mean platelet yield was maximally seen in Amicus.

CONCLUSION:
Main predictors of platelet yield are platelet count and volume processed. Donors with lower hemoglobin had better yields. Higher platelet counts lead to better product hence platelet increment in the patient.
Determinants of voluntary blood donation in the city of Bahir Dar
Authors: Feleke Berhanu Elfu 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND:
In a normal adult, the volume of blood needed to maintain physiological needs ranges from 5 liters to 6 liters. Disease and traumatic conditions may decrease this volume. Medically, this condition can be treated safely by blood transfusion. However, residents of the city of Bahir Dar have a low rate of volunteering to donate blood. No study has examined this situation, and therefore, this study was designed to fill this gap.

AIM:
The aim of this study is to identify the determinants of voluntary blood donation in the city of Bahir Dar.

SETTING AND DESIGN:
An unmatched case–control study design was used.

METHODS AND MATERIALS:
The sample size was calculated using Epi-Info Software, 109 cases and 218 controls were included in the study. Data were entered into the computer using Epi-Info and were analyzed using SPSS.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED:
Logistic regression was used. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to identify the determinants.

RESULTS:
In this study, voluntary blood donation was more among male donors (AOR: 2.66; [95% CI: 1.03–6.88]), health professionals (AOR 18.56; [95% CI, 6.26–55.09]), negligence (AOR 0.12; [95% CI, 0.05–0.31]), lack of information (AOR 0.24; [95% CI, 0.1–0.58]), a convenient place (AOR 11.36; [95% CI, 3.61–35.73]), fear (AOR 0.26; [95% CI, 0.12–0.61]) and lack of opportunity (AOR 0.23; [95% CI, 0.1–0.52]).

CONCLUSION:
Decision-makers in the area of blood collection should work hard to create awareness on voluntary blood donation. High-level decision-makers and the other partners should endeavor to make blood collection locations more convenient.
Type and screen method and Coombs crossmatch method for pretransfusion testing
Authors: Anu K. Devi , Pahuja Sangeeta , Sharma Geetika 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND:
The aim of pretransfusion testing (PTT) is to prevent the immune-mediated hemolytic reaction by the transfusion of incompatible donor red cells. The methods of PTT have evolved over the years and a new method of type and screen (T and S) was introduced, in which only ABO grouping, Rh typing, and antibody screening would be carried out with omission of routine Coombs crossmatch. Although T and S is an accepted method for PTT in developed countries, only a few studies in literature have evaluated its efficacy in India.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE:
The aim of the study was to compare T and S method with conventional Coombs crossmatch method for PTT.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Two thousand and fifty samples were randomly selected from the samples received in blood bank for requisition of blood transfusion after taking informed consent. ABO blood grouping and Rh typing were performed for each recipient's sample. “T and S” and “Coombs crossmatch” were done simultaneously by two different persons without knowing the result of each test. A commercially available three cell panel was used for antibody screening, in which the recipient's plasma was reacted with red cells in the low ionic strength solution Coombs Gel card at 37°C by column agglutination technology.

RESULTS:
Antibody screening was positive in 29 (1.41%) patients and negative in 2021 (98.59%) patients. Out of 29 patients, 27 had alloantibodies and 2 had autoantibody. Most common alloantibody found in our study was anti-D. Other antibodies found were anti-K, anti-C + D, anti-E, anti-C, anti-c, anti-Jka, and anti-Mi (a). Crossmatch on first attempt was compatible in 2028 (98.93%) patients and incompatible in 22 (1.07%) patients. Out of 29 patients who were positive for antibody screening, crossmatch was incompatible in nine patients. Crossmatch was compatible in twenty patients, who had positive antibody screen. However, crossmatch compatibility in these patients, reflect either absence of corresponding antigen or antigen present in low dose (heterozygous) in donor blood. On the other hand, out of 22 patients incompatible on first crossmatch, antibody screening was negative in 13 patients and was positive in only nine patients. Hence, 13 patients with antibody would have been missed by antibody screen alone. Kappa statistics was used to compare the efficacy of “type and screening” and “Coombs crossmatch.” It showed κ =0.445 (P < 0.001) implying moderate agreement between the two variables of “T and S” and “Coombs crossmatch.”

CONCLUSION:
T and S is a scientifically better method but needs to be implemented with caution. We need to develop our own cell panels having adequate representation of indigenous antigen (including In, Mi (a), etc.,). Large-scale studies need to be done in India with indigenous screening cells to evaluate efficacy and safety of T and S method.
Assessing safety and efficacy of therapeutic plasma exchange in pediatric patients
Authors: Chowdhry Mohit , Mutjhukamaravel P. J. , Agrawal Soma , Gajulapali Shiva Prasad , Thakur Uday Kumar 
Published: May 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Therapeutic plasma exchange has been widely employed by clinicians for removal of the toxic constituents from plasma by filtration of whole blood and subsequent removal of plasma and reinfusion of cellular components along with a replacement fluid. It has become an accepted therapeutic modality in paediatric patients for numerous indications including but not limited to renal transplant, haemolytic uremic syndrome and Guillain Barre Syndrome. But, data on safety and efficacy are mainly derived from studies in the adult population with very limited data available in the paediatric age group. However, it is technically challenging in children due to their small circulating volume. This study discusses the clinical indications, efficacy, and safety of therapeutic plasma exchange in paediatric population.

METHOD:
We retrospectively reviewed the data of children (up to 18 years of age) who underwent TPE between January 2017 and March 2019 at our Hospital. Main features of the TPE procedures i.e. frequency of TPE, site of vascular access, type of replacement fluid used, instrument used, plasma volume processed, priming of the circuit, adverse events if any and outcome of the patients were analysed.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:
A total of 114 procedures were performed on these 24 patients. Fifteen patients with Category I indication showed good clinical outcome in terms of attainment of target ABO titre and/or decrease in the donor specific antibody. TPE is an effective therapeutic option in selected paediatric disorders. Our series of data on TPE procedures from paediatric perspective has shown safety and efficacy of the therapy.
Factors associated with vasovagal reactions in whole blood donors
Authors: Shivhare Aaditya , Basavarajegowda Abhishekh , Harichandrakumar K. T. , Silwal Pragya , Raj Pruthvi 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND:
Vasovagal reactions to blood donation though generally mild and account for about 1% of donations, causes embarrassment/injury to the donors, lower likely return rates for future donations etc. The workforce hours devoted to attending to those who reacted can also affect the efficiency of the blood centre. There are various factors, both modifiable and nonmodifiable, involved in the causation of such reactions.

OBJECTIVES:
This study sought to identify the factors associated with vasovagal donor reactions in a case–control study.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This was a descriptive comparative study between donors who had VVRs (cases) and those who did not (controls) during or after blood donation from a single center in southern India. All the biophysical and demographic variables were collected from the donor records. In addition, a questionnaire was administered to the donors after donation within half an hour, addressing the psychosocial variables. All the data were captured in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 20.

RESULTS:
A total of 178 donors who had donor reactions were included in the study with an equal number of controls who were age and sex-matched. Donors who had VVRs had an odds of 4.1 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.4–7.7) of admitted anxiety for blood donation. They also had an odds of 4.4 (95% CI: 2.8–6.9) of disturbed sleep the night before blood donation. Having an accompanying person to the blood center was detrimental, with an odds of 0.32 (95% CI: 0.2–0.6). Donors with local complications such as hematoma, double prick, or delayed collection had an odds of 21.2 (95% CI: 1.8–159.8) of developing VVR.

CONCLUSION:
The psychosocial factors such as fear of the needle, the sight of the blood, state of mind, and quality and duration of sleep seem to have an association, adversely impacting the donors resulting in VVRs after/during blood donation.
Calcaneal-stop procedure for treatment of pediatric flexible flatfoot
Authors: Abd Al-Masseih Emiel S.A. , Mashhour Mohsen A. , Farag Hossam Alsayed , AbouZied Mahmoud S. 
Published: May 2022

Background
Flexible flatfoot is a common problem of premature patients. There are different procedures described for the treatment of this condition. The calcaneal stop is an easy and simple procedure for its treatment. In this study, we evaluate this technique as a valuable one.

Patients and methods
This study was performed on 20 feet in 12 patients (seven males and five females) with flexible flatfeet (eight bilateral and four unilateral cases) who were treated with a calcaneal-stop procedure. They had the following inclusion criteria: (a) skeletal-immaturity patients; (b) symptomatic flexible flatfoot deformity (pain, function, and activity limitations) not responsive to conservative treatment. The evaluation was done clinically by American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle–Hindfoot score, and hindfoot valgus angle. Radiological evaluation was done by calcaneal-pitch angles, Kite’s angle, talar-declination angle, lateral Meary’s angle, and talonavicular-coverage angle.

Results
Clinical and functional outcomes of all patients were evaluated, before surgery, and at 3 and 6 months after surgery. The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society score mean increased from 70.6 (SD 4.8) to 88.4 (SD 7.4) at the end of the study. Heel valgus improved from 11.45 (SD 3.02) to 2.7 (SD 1.3) at the end of the study. The calcaneal-pitch angle increased from 13.4 (SD 1.1) to 16.1 (SD 1.4) at the end of the study. Talar-declination angle decreased from 41.9 (SD 5.0) to 32.8 (SD 4.5) at the end. Kite angle changed from 29.6 (SD 3.1) preoperatively to 26.7 (SD 2.7) finally. Talonavicular-coverage angle improved from 22.4 (SD 5.4) to 11.2 (SD 5.68) at the end. Lateral Meary’s talocalcaneal angle decreased from 20.55±6.9 to 14.3±4.73 at 6 months after surgery. There was significant satisfaction of 11 (91.6%) patients with one patient who showed some pain at the site of operation with no need for screw removal.

Conclusion
There was significant improvement (P<0.00001) of all clinical and radiological parameters. The changes were mainly after surgery. There was an increased improvement with time, however, it was not statically significant. The main problem of flatfeet is patient dissatisfaction, which requires intervention. The calcaneal-stop procedure is an easy and simple procedure, with a minimal complication for the management of flexible flatfeet.
Correction of multiplanar deformities around the knee with monolateral external fixator
Authors: Fadel Mohamed Hussein , Taha Hossam El din El Amir 
Published: May 2022

Introduction
duction Angular deformities around the knee are common during childhood and most cases are a variation in the normal growth pattern. Uncorrected deformities change the biomechanics by disturbing stress distribution on the knee joint weight-bearing surface. Monolateral external fixator with osteotomy has shown better results being simple, and offers accurate correction, a low complication rate, the ability to correct valgus, varus, and rotational deformities, with early mobilization of the patient.

Patient and methods
A multicenter study case series prospective study was conducted from January 2020 to January 2021. A total of 30 patients with coronal plane deformities were included in the study. Of them, 15 patients (all cases were unilateral, 9 left limbs and 6 right limbs) presented with genu valgum with an age range between 10 and 16 years, and mean age was 10.5 years. Eight patients presented with genu varum only and six cases presented with genu varum and internal tibial torsion (all cases were unilateral, seven right limbs and eight left limbs) with an age range between 10 and 16 years and a mean of was 12.4 years.

Results
There is a statistically significant decrease of tibiofemoral angle (TFA) and mechanical axis deviation (MAD) after surgical correction of genu valgum among the included children with P value=0.001, and there is a statistically significant increase of lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA) after surgical correction of genu valgum with P value=0.001. There is a statistically significant increase of TFA, medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), and MAD after surgical correction of genu varum among the included children with P value=0.001.

Conclusion
Correction of multiplanar deformities around knee using monolateral external fixator has good results in genu valgus with the improvement of LDFA and TFA, and with the improvement of MPTA and TFA in genu varum and with correction of MAD in both of the deformity after surgical correction, with rotation correction using the ability of direction of Schanz placement.
Management of oblique and spiral metacarpal fractures with mini plate and screw versus screws only
Authors: Saleh Mohamed R.A. , Toreih Ahmed A. 
Published: May 2022

Background
Fractures involving the tubular bones of the hand are the most frequent of all skeletal injuries. The choice of treatment depends on a variety of clinical and radiological factors. The goal of treatment is restoration or preservation of the hand function.

Objectives
To compare the results of mini plate plus screw versus screw only in oblique and spiral metacarpal fractures.

Patients and methods
This is a randomized clinical trial that included 40 patients with oblique and spiral metacarpal fractures who divided into two groups according to management: either fixation by mini plate and mini screws (20 patients) or fixation by mini screws only (20 patients). Quick-DASH and total active motion (TAM) scoring systems were used to evaluate all patients on 4th, 12th, and 24th weeks postoperative.

Results
The mean value of TAM score in the mini plate group was significantly higher than screws only group at 4th week postoperative (P=0.007) while it was nonsignificantly higher at 12th and 24th week postoperative. Also, the mean value of DASH score in the mini plate group was significantly lower than screws only group at 4th week postoperative (P=0.0001) while it was nonsignificantly lower at 12th and 24th week postoperative. The total number of complicated patients in the mini plate group was 2 patients (10%) while it was 5 patients (25%) in the screw only group with significant difference between both groups (P=0.0001).

Conclusion
Although mini plate and screw group showed early mobilization of the affected hand and has significant Quick-DASH and TAM scores at 4th week postoperative, both groups revealed the same functional outcomes at the end of follow-up.
Diaphragm sparing mini open thoracotomy with standalone expandable cage
Authors: Swamy Narayan , Basantani Neeraj 
Published: May 2022

Objective:
An ideal surgical procedure to any vertebral fracture with cord compression produces maximum decompression, without producing additional deficits, achieve fixation by fusion of minimum number of motion segments and maintain the corrected kyphosis without any long-term deterioration. Although conventional posterior approach provides three column fixation, it invariably devitalizes the strong paraspinal muscles and posterior ligamentous complex of the involved vertebra and the adjacent segments necessary for maintaining erect posture. The lateral approach too, damages the strongest portion of the vertebra, the pedicle and sometimes the diaphragm has to be cut open and re-sutured. Conventional anterior approaches are mainly used either as a part of combined approach where in, there is extensive destruction of anterior longitudinal ligament and crus of the diaphragm and have the limitation that they cannot address the T11 and T12 fractures without cutting open the diaphragm. The anterior approach is not usually attempted as it is not a familiar approach to the neurosurgeon and literature reports increased morbidity. The main aim of this study is to encourage the reader to employ a new anterior approach toward thoracolumbar fracture management.

Materials and Methods:
The chief author has devised a novel, safe, mini open, diaphragm sparing approach to address all these issues, exploring a corridor between medial margin of psoas and left crus of the diaphragm which is sufficient enough for good decompression of the cord and that even a standalone broad foot plated expandable cage for stabilization is effective in correction of kyphosis without posterior supplementation or potential respiratory complications.

Results:
All 37 operated patients recovered well and their kyphotic angles were maintained on follow up. All patients improved neurologically without any respiratory complications potentially associated with thoracotomy.

Conclusion:
This prospective study proved that kyphotic corrections were better, no subsidence rates observed, and were maintained at 1 year follow-up with this novel approach.