bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anaesthesia related mortality data at a Tertiary Pediatric Hospital in Western Australia
Authors: Hauser Neil D. , Sommerfield Aine , Drake‐Brockman Thomas F. E. , Slevin Lliana , Chambers Neil A. , Bergesio Riccardo , Christiansen Elaine , von Ungern‐Sternberg Britta S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAnaesthesia related mortality in paediatrics is rare. There are limited data describing paediatric anaesthesia related mortality. This study determined the anaesthesia related mortality at a Tertiary Paediatric Hospital in Western Australia.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of children under‐18 years of age, that died within 30‐days of undergoing anaesthesia at Princess Margaret Hospital (PMH), between 01 January 2001 and 31 March 2015. A senior panel of clinicians reviewed each death to determine whether the death was (i) due wholly to the provision of anaesthesia (ii) due partly to the provision of anaesthesia or (iii) if death was related to the underlying pathology of the patient and anaesthesia was not contributory. Anaesthesia related mortality, 24‐h and 30‐day mortality as well as predictors of mortality were determined.ResultsA total of 154,538 anaesthetic events were recorded. There were 198 deaths within 30‐days of anaesthesia. Anaesthesia attributable mortality was 0.19/10,000 with all anaesthesia deaths occuring in patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery. The 24‐h and 30‐day all‐cause mortality rate was 3.43/10,000 (95% CI 2.57–4.49) and 9.38/10,000 (95% CI 7.92–11.04), respectively. Overall mortality was 12.34/10,000 (95% CI 11.09–14.73) Age less than 1‐year, cardiac surgery, emergency surgery and higher ASA score were all significant predictors of mortality.ConclusionPaediatric anaesthesia related mortality as reflected in this retrospective cohort study is uncommon. Significant risk factors were determined as predictors of mortality.
Implementation of video laryngoscopes and the development in airway management strategy and prevalence of difficult tracheal intubation: A national cohort study
Authors: Lundstrøm Lars Hyldborg , Nørskov Anders K. , Kjeldgaard Line D. , Wetterslev Jørn , Rosenstock Charlotte V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to determine the development in the use of video laryngoscopy over a 9‐year period, and its possible impact on airway planning and management.MethodsWe retrieved 822,259 records of tracheal intubations recorded from 2008 to 2016 in the Danish Anaesthesia Database. The circumstances regarding pre‐operative airway assessment, the scheduled airway management plan and the actual airway management concerning video laryngoscopy were reported for each year of observation. Further, the association between year of observation and various airway management related outcomes was evaluated by multivariate logistic regression.ResultsThere was a significant increase in airway management with ‘advanced technique successfully used within two attempts’ from 2.7% in 2008 to 15.5% in 2016 (p < .0001). This predominantly reflects use of video laryngoscopy. The prevalence of tracheal intubations ‘scheduled for video laryngoscopy’ increased from 3.5% in 2008 to 10.6% in 2016 (p < .0001). We found a significant increase in the prevalence of anticipated difficulties with intubations by direct laryngoscopy from 1.8% in 2008 to 5.2% in 2016 (p < .0001). The prevalence of failed tracheal intubations decreased from 0.14% in 2008 to 0.05% in 2016 (p < .0001).ConclusionFrom 2008 to 2016, a period of massive implementation of video laryngoscopes, a significant change in airway management behaviour was recorded. Increasingly, video laryngoscopy is becoming a first‐choice device for both acute and routine airway management. Most importantly, the data showed a noticeable reduction in failed intubation over the time of observation.
A CDH23 missense variant in Beauceron dogs with non‐syndromic deafness
Authors: Abitbol Marie , Jagannathan Vidhya , Lopez Marie , Courtin Ambre , Dufaure de Citres Caroline , Gache Vincent , Leeb Tosso 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCongenital coat‐colour‐related deafness is common among certain canine breeds especially those exhibiting extreme white spotting or merle patterning. We identified a non‐syndromic deafness in Beauceron dogs characterised by a bilateral hearing loss in puppies that is not linked to coat colour. Pedigree analysis suggested an autosomal recessive transmission. By combining homozygosity mapping with whole genome sequencing and variant filtering in affected dogs we identified a CDH23:c.700C>T variant. The variant, located in the CHD23 (cadherin related 23) gene, was predicted to induce a CDH23:p.(Pro234Ser) change in the protein. Proline‐234 of CDH23 protein is highly conserved across different vertebrate species. In silico tools predicted the CDH23:p.(Pro234Ser) change to be deleterious. CDH23 encodes a calcium‐dependent transmembrane glycoprotein localised near the tips of hair‐cell stereocilia in the mammalian inner ear. Intact function of these cilia is mandatory for the transformation of the acoustical wave into a neurological signal, leading to sensorineural deafness when impaired. By genotyping a cohort of 90 control Beauceron dogs sampled in France, we found a 3.3% carrier frequency. The CDH23:c.[700C>T] allele is easily detectable with a genetic test to avoid at‐risk matings.
Contextual reference price in choice experiments
Authors: Lim Kar Ho , Hu Wuyang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA reference price depends on the context of purchase. For prices in preference elicitation experiments to be interpreted by respondents exactly as prices in real purchases, a condition must be met: Contextual reference prices in experiments and real purchases must equal. Using a choice experiment, we found that the willingness to pay estimates tend to be smaller when the respondents are reminded about their self‐reported reference price of the product. This shows that the equality of reference price between experiments and real purchases may not hold. Thus, willingness to pay estimated from a choice experiment may only be contextually specific to its setting. The theory of contextual reference price may offer a fresh perspective on hypothetical bias, and it may be useful in refining choice experiments.
Adapting an organ‐on‐chip device to study the effect of fetal sex and maternal race/ethnicity on preterm birth related intraamniotic inflammation leading to fetal neuroinflammation
Authors: Richardson Lauren S. , Emezienna Nkechinyere , Burd Irina , Taylor Brandie D. , Peltier Morgan R. , Han Arum , Menon Ramkumar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractProblemFetal neuroinflammation has been linked to preterm birth‐related intraamniotic infection and inflammation; However, the contribution of fetal sex and maternal race/ethnicity is unknown. To determine if fetal sex and maternal race/ethnicity influence neuroinflammation, an organ‐on‐chip (OOC) model were established under normal or pathologic conditions utilizing amniotic fluid.Method of studyOOC is composed of two‐cell culture chambers connected by Type IV collagen‐coated microchannels. Human fetal astroglia (SVGp12) and microglia (HMC3) were co‐cultured at an 80:20 ratio in the inner chamber. The outer chamber contained amniotic fluid (AF) from male and female fetuses of White Hispanic (WH) and African‐American (AA) pregnant women with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS‐100 ng/ml) and incubated for 48 h. Glial migration (brightfield microscopy), activation (Immunocytochemistry), and cytokine production (Luminex assays) were quantified and compared (N = 4 for each category of sex and race/ethnicity).ResultsIn a pooled analysis, AF+LPS did not induce glial activation or inflammatory changes compared to AF alone. When stratified by sex, male AF+LPS promoted significant glial activation (high CD11b:p < 0.05; low Iba1:p < 0.01) compared to male AF without LPS; however, this was not associated with changes in pro‐inflammatory cytokines. When stratified by race/ethnicity, AF+LPS induced glial activation in both groups, but a differential increase in pro‐inflammatory cytokines was seen between WH and AA AF (WH‐interleukin‐1β: p < 0.05; AA‐interleukin‐8: p < 0.01).ConclusionThis OOC model of fetal neuroinflammation has determined that race/ethnicity differences do exist for perinatal brain injury. The fetal sex of neonates was not a determining factor of susceptibility to intraamniotic inflammation leading to neuroinflammation.
Apology mismatch: An experimental approach to Japan's apologies to Korea
Authors: Yeung Victoria Wai Lan , David Roman 
Published: October 2022

Since 1965, Japan has issued numerous apologies to Korea, which however failed to resonate with the Korean public. To investigate this puzzle, this paper analyses the structure of these apologies and empirically examines their reception in Korea. Blatz et al.'s (Political Psychology, 2009, 30, 219) classification of components of political apologies was applied to conduct a qualitative analysis of 63 official apology statements by Japan to Korea and identify the most frequently used components (Study 1). Korean participants (N = 210) were randomly presented with an experimental vignette consisting of a major apology component to examine their psychological responses, and they also ranked the importance of each major apology component (Study 2). Results showed that while Koreans viewed admission of wrongdoing as an essential and the most demanded component of apology, it was paradoxically the least frequent component offered by Japan in reality.
Miners on the move
Authors: BOLAY MATTHIEU 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTThe expansion of gold mining in West Africa transforms miners’ relations to space and time as they move frequently from one mining site to the next. Whereas labor, reproduction, and social integration are expected to be durably organized through the social institutions of marriage, mentorship, and friendship, itinerant miners recast these institutions in a compressed and nonbinding form. As evictions from illegal mines multiply, miners create a life across ephemeral spaces by turning the financial and social resources accruing in intimacy into portable anchorages. They engage in relationships that mimic institutions of village life but whose significance is detached from long‐term local prospects. Thus, young men find themselves constructing adult manhood while on an indefinite journey. Despite the risks and indeterminacy that characterize their labor, they seek to regain a sense of agency and reconcile antagonist temporalities and moralities of exchange that extraction progressively disrupts.
Video recording of hand surgeries using a field of view (FOV) matching USB camera module and smartphone in the era of COVID‐19
Authors: Park Hyun Sik , Park Bo Young 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAs the online medium has gained in popularity due to the recent coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic, video recording of surgical procedures has become crucial in medical education. Various methods for recording are available but many require professional equipment and experienced personnel. Here, we propose a feasible and acceptable method for video recording of surgeries.MethodsAn M12 mount USB camera, which is based on an Android micro‐USB, was utilized. The device was purchased from a website for $32–$40. The camera was mounted between the eyes of the binocular loupes. Surgical procedures were recorded with the camera. The optimal settings were determined according to the types of surgeries.ResultsWe recorded the following surgical procedures: radial artery superficial palmar branch (RASP) free flap harvest, carpal tunnel release, and free flap operation. The default values were retained for all settings, but the highest image quality (1080 p) was selected with an 8 mm lens. The camera battery was sufficient to record each surgery in its entirety.ConclusionsThe USB camera produced high‐quality videos that perfectly matched the surgeon's field of view without the need for additional staff for recording. This low‐cost equipment could be widely employed for the recording of educational videos for surgeons, especially in the era of COVID 19.
Contrasting Principal Stratum and Hypothetical Strategy Estimands in Multi-Period Crossover Trials with Incomplete Data
Authors: Matthews John N.S. , Bazakou Sofia , Henderson Robin , Sharples Linda D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Complete case analyses of complete crossover designs provide an opportunity to make comparisons based on patients who can tolerate all treatments. It is argued that this provides a means of estimating a principal stratum strategy estimand, something which is difficult to do in parallel group trials. While some trial users will consider this a relevant aim, others may be interested in hypothetical strategy estimands, that is, the effect that would be found if all patients completed the trial. Whether these estimands differ importantly is a question of interest to the different users of the trial results. This paper derives the difference between principal stratum strategy and hypothetical strategy estimands, where the former is estimated by a complete-case analysis of the crossover design, and a model for the dropout process is assumed. Complete crossover designs, that is, those where all treatments appear in all sequences, and which compare t treatments over p periods with respect to a continuous outcome are considered. Numerical results are presented for Williams designs with four and six periods. Results from a trial of obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea (TOMADO) are also used for illustration. The results demonstrate that the percentage difference between the estimands is modest, exceeding 5% only when the trial has been severely affected by dropouts or if the within-subject correlation is low.
BAIAP2L1 accelerates breast cancer progression and chemoresistance by activating AKT signaling through binding with ribosomal protein L3
Authors: Deng Ning , Zhang Xiupeng , Zhang Yong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBAI1‐associated protein 2‐like 1 (BAIAP2L1), also known as insulin receptor tyrosine kinase substrate, modulates the insulin network; however, its function in breast cancer has not been explored. Immunohistochemical analysis of 140 breast cancer specimens (77 triple‐negative and 63 nontriple‐negative cases) indicated that BAIAP2L1 expression was higher in breast cancer tissues (56/140, 40%) than in normal breast tissues (28.3%, 15/53; p < 0.001). BAIAP2L1 expression in breast cancer was correlated with triple‐negative breast cancer (p = 0.0013), advanced TNM stage (p = 0.001), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.001), and poor patient prognosis (p = 0.001). BAIAP2L1 overexpression could accelerate breast cancer proliferation, invasion, and stemness in vivo and in vitro, possibly through the activation of AKT, Snail, and cyclin D1. Treatment with the AKT inhibitor LY294002 reduced the effects of BAIAP2L1 overexpression on breast cancer cells. BAIAP2L1 may bind to the AA202‐288 of ribosomal protein L3 (RPL3) within its SRC homology 3 (SH3) domain, the loss of which may abolish the transduction of the AKT signaling pathway by promoting the degradation of PIK3CA. Moreover, BAIAP2L1 overexpression may induce chemotherapy resistance, with BAIAP2L1 expression being higher in patients with advanced Miller grades than those with lower grades. Our results indicated that BAIAP2L1 promotes breast cancer progression through the AKT signaling pathway by interacting with RPL3 through its SH3 domain.
A systematic literature review for the prediction of anticancer drug response using various machine‐learning and deep‐learning techniques
Authors: Singh Davinder Paul , Kaushik Baijnath 
Published: October 2022

AbstractComputational methods have gained prominence in healthcare research. The accessibility of healthcare data has greatly incited academicians and researchers to develop executions that help in prognosis of cancer drug response. Among various computational methods, machine‐learning (ML) and deep‐learning (DL) methods provide the most consistent and effectual approaches to handle the serious aftermaths of the deadly disease and drug administered to the patients. Hence, this systematic literature review has reviewed researches that have investigated drug discovery and prognosis of anticancer drug response using ML and DL algorithms. Fot this purpose, PRISMA guidelines have been followed to choose research papers from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Sciencedirect websites. A total count of 105 papers that align with the context of this review were chosen. Further, the review also presents accuracy of the existing ML and DL methods in the prediction of anticancer drug response. It has been found from the review that, amidst the availability of various studies, there are certain challenges associated with each method. Thus, future researchers can consider these limitations and challenges to develop a prominent anticancer drug response prediction method, and it would be greatly beneficial to the medical professionals in administering non‐invasive treatment to the patients.
A qualitative evaluation of the mechanisms of action in an early childhood parenting programme to prevent violence against children in Jamaica
Authors: Francis Taja , Packer Dania , Baker‐Henningham Helen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundViolence against children (VAC) is a global public health problem, and parenting programmes are a key strategy to reduce VAC at home. We developed and evaluated a preschool‐based, early childhood, violence prevention, parenting programme (the Irie Homes Toolbox) in Jamaica and reported significant reductions in parents' use of VAC [Effect size (ES) = −0.29] and increases in parents' positive practices (ES = 0.30). This study presents qualitative findings on the mechanisms of action of the programme.MethodsAs part of a cluster randomized trial, 115 parents from nine preschools participated in the Irie Homes Toolbox parenting programme. The programme consisted of eight 90‐min sessions with groups of six parents and focussed on strengthening parent–child relationships, understanding children's behaviour, using appropriate discipline strategies and understanding and managing emotions. We conducted in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews with a stratified random sample of 28 parents (two to four parents per school) and with nine preschool teachers (one teacher per preschool). Topic guides were developed to explore participants' perspectives of the mechanisms of action of the programme. All interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed, and data were analysed using the framework approach.ResultsThe most salient direct pathways to reduced VAC by both parent and teacher reports were through parents' use of alternative strategies to manage child misbehaviour and through improved parent well‐being, especially parents' self‐management skills. Other factors leading to reduced VAC by parents, reported by both parents and teachers, included self‐identification as an ‘Irie parent’, use of proactive parenting strategies and improved child behaviour. Parents reported that the main factors leading to continued use of VAC were their inconsistency in using positive discipline strategies and poor emotional self‐regulation.ConclusionReports from participating parents and preschool teachers indicate that contents related to parental self‐management and how to use positive discipline strategies to manage child misbehaviour were important factors on the pathway to reduced VAC.
Microsecretory adenocarcinoma: Cutaneous counterpart of a newly described salivary gland tumor with recurrent MEF2C::SS18 fusion
Authors: Panse Gauri 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMicrosecretory adenocarcinoma (MSA) is a distinctive low‐grade salivary gland tumor with a novel MEF2C::SS18 fusion. Although MSA most commonly occurs in the oral cavity, cases of MSA involving skin have been described recently. Histopathologically, MSA is characterized by microcystic tubules with basophilic luminal secretions, a fibromyxoid stroma and cells with eosinophilic or clear cytoplasm, and a unique immunohistochemical profile (S100+, SOX10+, p63+, and p40−). Cutaneous MSA may rarely demonstrate high‐grade features. Follow‐up studies have shown MSA to be an indolent tumor, without local recurrence or metastasis after complete surgical excision in the vast majority of cases. It is important to recognize the histopathological features of this unique tumor with a novel MEF2C::SS18 fusion that may occur in skin and to utilize appropriate molecular studies for accurate diagnosis.
Assessing the environment for engagement in health services: The Audit for Consumer Engagement (ACE) tool
Authors: Chauhan Ashfaq , Newman Bronwyn , Walpola Ramesh Lahiru , Seale Holly , Manias Elizabeth , Wilson Carlene , Harrison Reema 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionAlthough it is widely accepted that the physical environment can impact health quality and care outcomes, its impact on consumer engagement with health services has not been examined. Currently, no tools exist that assess the opportunities for consumer engagement offered within the physical environment. We aimed to develop and validate an environmental audit tool to assist health services and researchers to assess the extent to which the physical environment in health services creates and supports opportunities for consumer engagement.MethodAn iterative, team‐based approach in partnership with diverse stakeholders was used to develop the Audit for Consumer Engagement (ACE) tool. A four‐stage process consisting of desktop review, concept clarification, identification of domains and validation was implemented. The tool was validated in one cancer service via face and content validation and inter‐rater reliability was also assessed.ResultsThe ACE tool was demonstrated to comprise four main domains (access and signage information; resources for consumers; resources to support diversity; and consumer engagement events or activities) measured with 17 items. Face and content validity was achieved, and preliminary reliability analysis indicated substantial agreement between the two researchers for all four domains with an average of 86% agreement.ConclusionThe ACE is a novel tool that is practical, relevant and reliable, and developed in partnership with consumers and health service providers. The tool can be used by health service providers, researchers and consumer agency groups to assess opportunities for consumer engagement offered within the physical environment of cancer services. The ACE tool has the potential to be used as a guide for enhancing consumer engagement opportunities and for research purposes. Further evidence about the validity of the tool is required, including criterion‐related validity and utility in other health settings.Patient/Public ContributionThis project is part of a wider ‘CanEngage’ project that includes a consumer investigator and is supported by a consumer advisory group. This study was completed in active partnership with members of a consumer advisory group from diverse backgrounds. Feedback was sought from the members throughout the development process of the tool with findings discussed with the CanEngage group members in scheduled meetings.