bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Me-Knowledge and Effective Agency
Authors: Sarkissian Hagop 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Sometimes, realizing an ethically desirable outcome X will generate disutility for some whose very cooperation is necessary to realizing X, either in the form of material or social costs, or the abnegation of some of their values or personal principles. How does one gain their assent? Seeing one’s way through such cases may hinge on one’s ability to make plausible first-pass predictions of how others will react to one’s interventions with them. In other words, one should know not simply the warrant of one’s reasons in favor of X, but also how such reasons will be received when issued forth in one’s voice and from one’s person. I call this me-knowledge— knowing the ‘me’ as seen from the perspective of a particular other. Drawing on classical Chinese sources, I argue that such knowledge is crucial to enhance one’s efficacy in the world.
Vaidya on Nyāya and Knowledge-First Epistemology
Authors: Williamson Timothy 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper is a response to ‘Elements of Knowledge-First Epistemology in Gaṅgeśa’ by Anand Vaidya, in which he makes a welcome comparison between the epistemology of the fourteenth-century Nyāya philosopher Gaṅgeśa and the knowledge-first approach developed in Knowledge and its Limits. One significant similarity is that we both treat seeing that p as a way of knowing that p, and the similarities may go much deeper than that. Both Gaṅgeśa’s work and mine may be disjunctivist in a loose but not in a strict sense. It is suggested that knowledge-first epistemology may in general tend to make for more fruitful comparisons with non-Western traditions in epistemology than belief-first epistemology because knowledge-first epistemology is closer to underlying human forms of mindreading. The paper also makes some remarks on the relation between philosophy, its history, and its traditions.
Securing the Environment in Kosovo
Authors: von Hlatky Stéfanie 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this first case study, NATO’s Kosovo Force (KFOR) is introduced through the prism of its primary military tasks of ensuring a safe and secure environment for the civilian population as well as freedom of movement across the territory of Kosovo. With over two decades of experience in Kosovo, NATO is at a crossroads strategically; but at the KFOR headquarters, the Italian commander recognizes that there are expectations coming from Brussels about integrating a gender perspective across military tasks. In certain cases, like the all-male Carabinieri force in Priština, there are limits as to what can be achieved. The liaison monitoring teams, who are embedded within local communities, understand the gendered implications of their work better than the barracked infantry units in charge of riot control. If gender is considered, it is in support of military tasks. Otherwise, it tends to get sidelined or ignored altogether.
Uncertainty
Authors: Belonick Paul 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chapter 5, “Uncertainty,” shows how the restraint values became highly disputed in the decades following Tiberius Gracchus’ death as the after-effects of his tribunate bled beyond his own narrow situation to disrupt the meta-rules of Republican governance more broadly. Although the elite continued to value restraint, the tangled evidence of the period shows that questions of how to practice restraint rightly and who could judge it rightly became highly charged and unresolvable, as a series of factors converged. Growing imperial luxury stressed the Roman nobility’s homogeneity in a social context that tightly linked a man’s political weight and normative claims to legitimate power to his reputed level of private self-restraint. Meanwhile, the changes to interpeer deference initiated by Tiberius meant that one man could now declare large portions of the senatorial group incontinent and thus unworthy judges, making the man largely immune to pressures to defer. Tiberius’ turn to the People and away from his colleague had also reconfigured pudor and verecundia, the other underpinnings of the deference ideal, which helped make interpeer conflict unresolvable. Amid these changes, the Roman habit of moralization and “toggle-switch” thinking encouraged viewing these restraint-based changes in terms of simplistic good and evil, which quickly led men to analogize “unrestrained” fellow citizens to wicked foreign enemies worthy of death. Dehumanization and violence ensued. The generations that followed accepted the changed landscape as a new normal, then stretched the after-effects to even further lengths in a cumulative causal loop.
Practical Ethics
Authors: Woodruff Paul 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An introduction to the three starting points for a Socratic approach to practical ethics: caring for the health of the soul (epimeleisthai tes psuches), avoiding moral injury, and recognizing human ignorance. In a real life example, a young officer must decide whether to allow that a prisoner be tortured. His Oxford education, which introduced him to utilitarian and deontological ethics, does not help, as he reports in a letter. The Socratic approach recommended in this book is shown to be more practical. Had he supported the torture he would have done himself and others a moral injury. An appendix to the chapter introduces the subject of moral injury as it is now understood by social scientists and those working to help the injured—such as war veterans—recover.
‘Appropriation’
Authors: Gill Christopher 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A distinctive feature of Stoic thinking on ethical development is that it is seen as a natural process, which realizes key features of human and universal nature: this is the focus of Chapter 4. This idea is expressed in the theory of ‘appropriation’ (oikeiosis), especially in its advanced, rational, stages. In Cicero, On Ends 3, appropriation is subdivided into the development of virtue and virtue-based happiness through the selection of indifferents (16–22), and the progressive deepening of interpersonal and social relationships (62–8). However, a complete process of ethical development involves both strands, interconnected with each other, as we find in On Duties 1. Cicero, in both works, presents engagement in localized social relationships as compatible with recognizing the fundamental kinship of all human beings, conceived as rational and sociable; and this view is found in most other Stoic sources for this subject.
Stoicism and Modern Virtue Ethics
Authors: Gill Christopher 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chapter 6 discusses what Stoic ethical theory, as interpreted here, can contribute distinctively to modern virtue ethics, as an alternative to Aristotle, the main ancient prototype. It is argued that the Stoic theory is morally rigorous in a way that is compatible with modern virtue ethics, while also being more self-consistent and fully worked out than Aristotelian ethics. This point applies to the virtue-happiness relationship, in particular the combination (found in both Aristotle and Stoicism) of the ideas that virtue is intrinsically desirable and that it brings about happiness, viewed as the overall goal of a human life. Also, Stoic ethics offers a fresh and distinctive account of self-other relationships, though one which is more straightforwardly compatible with modern ideas about altruism than Aristotelian thinking.
Inequalities in the Challenges Affecting Children and their Families during COVID-19 with School Closures and Reopenings: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Galasso Ilaria , Watts Gemma 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
School closure is one of the most debated measures undertaken to contain the spread of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The pandemic has devastating health and socio-economic effects and must be contained, but schools play a vital role in present and future well-being, capabilities and health of children. We examine the detrimental consequences of both the closure and reopening of schools, by focusing on inequalities in the challenges affecting children and their families. This paper is grounded on Irish and Italian data from a multi-national longitudinal qualitative interview study. Research participants articulated a variety of issues and challenges that highlight inequalities in access to education during school closures, in the supportiveness of home setting, and in school preparedness to reopen, often mirroring or exacerbating pre-existing inequalities. The reported unequal lived experiences indicate that some harms are actionable, and already suggest some potential harm mitigation strategies. We conclude by advocating for enhanced public consultation to help mitigate the consequences of public dilemmas in general, and to help detect and tackle inadequacies and inequalities for school children through and beyond the pandemic, by learning from the experience of the concerned actors.
Minimal gaps and additive energy in real-valued sequences
Authors: Regavim Shvo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We study the minimal gap statistic for sequences of the form $\left( \alpha x_n \right)_{n = 1}^{\infty}$ where $\left( x_n \right)_{n = 1}^{\infty}$ is a sequence of real numbers, and its connection to the additive energy of $\left( x_n \right)_{n = 1}^{\infty}$. Inspired by a recent paper of Aistleitner, El-Baz and Munsch we show conditionally on the Lindelöf Hypothesis that if the additive energy is of lowest possible order then for almost all α, the minimal gap $\delta_{\min}^{\alpha} (N) = \min \left\{\alpha x_m - \alpha x_n \bmod \ 1 : 1 \leq m \neq n \leq N \right\}$ is close to that of a random sequence, a result Rudnick showed for integer-valued sequences. We also show unconditional results in this direction, as well as some converse theorems about sequences with large additive energy.
3D printed-electrospun PCL/hydroxyapatite/MWCNTs scaffolds for the repair of subchondral bone
Authors: Cao Yanyan , Sun Lei , Liu Zixian , Shen Zhizhong , Jia Wendan , Hou Peiyi , Sang Shengbo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOsteochondral defect caused by trauma or osteoarthritis exhibits a major challenge in clinical treatment with limited symptomatic effects at present. The regeneration and remodeling of subchondral bone play a positive effect on cartilage regeneration and further promotes the repair of osteochondral defects. Making use of the strengths of each preparation method, the combination of 3D printing and electrospinning is a promising method for designing and constructing multi-scale scaffolds that mimic the complexity and hierarchical structure of subchondral bone at the microscale and nanoscale, respectively. In this study, the 3D printed-electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/nano-hydroxyapatites/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (PCL/nHA/MWCNTs) scaffolds were successfully constructed by the combination of electrospinning and layer-by-layer 3D printing. The resulting dual-scale scaffold consisted of a dense layer of disordered nanospun fibers and a porous microscale 3D scaffold layer to support and promote the ingrowth of subchondral bone. Herein, the biomimetic PCL/nHA/MWCNTs scaffolds enhanced cell seeding efficiency and allowed for higher cell–cell interactions that supported the adhesion, proliferation, activity, morphology and subsequently improved the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Together, this study elucidates that the construction of 3D printed-electrospun PCL/nHA/MWCNTs scaffolds provides an alternative strategy for the regeneration of subchondral bone and lays a foundation for subsequent in vivo studies.
Long-term host–pathogen evolution of endogenous beta- and gammaretroviruses in mouse lemurs with little evidence of recent retroviral introgression
Authors: Kessler Sharon E , Tsangaras Kyriakos , Rasoloharijaona Solofonirina , Radespiel Ute , Greenwood Alex D 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMadagascar’s flora and fauna have evolved in relative isolation since the island split from the African and Indian continents. When the last common ancestors of lemurs left Africa between 40 and 70 million years ago, they carried a subset of the viral diversity of the mainland population within them, which continued to evolve throughout the lemur radiation. Relative to other primate radiations, we know very little about the past or present viral diversity of lemurs, particularly mouse lemurs. Using high-throughput sequencing, we identified two gammaretroviruses and three betaretroviruses in the genomes of four species of wild mouse lemurs. The two gammaretroviruses and two betaretroviruses have not previously been described. One betaretrovirus was previously identified. All identified viruses are present in both Lorisiformes and Lemuriformes but absent from haplorrhine primates. The estimated ages of these viruses are consistent with the estimated divergence dates of the host lineages, suggesting they colonized the lemur genome after the Haplorrhine–Strepsirrhine split, but before the Lorisiformes–Lemuriformes split and before the colonization of Madagascar. The viral phylogenies connect multiple lineages of retroviruses from non-lemur and non-Madagascar-native species, suggesting substantial cross-species transmission occurred deep in the primate clade prior to its geographic dispersal. These phylogenies provide novel insights into known retroviral clades. They suggest that the origin of gammaretroviruses in rodents or bats may be premature and that the Jaagsiekte sheep virus clade may be older and more broadly distributed among mammals than previously thought.
Attitudes Toward Medication for Opioid Use Disorder Among Pregnant and Postpartum Women and People Seeking Treatment
Authors: Banks Devin E. , Fentem Andrea , Li Xiao , Paschke Maria , Filiatreau Lindsey , Woolfolk Candice , Cavazos-Rehg Patricia 
Published: December 2022

Objectives
Pregnant and postpartum women and people (PPWP) who use opioids experience higher rates of morbidity, preterm labor, and stillbirth than those who do not. Although medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) is the standard of treatment, utilization among PPWP has remained low because of MOUD stigma and misconceptions. The current report examined general and pregnancy-related MOUD attitudes, norms, and self-efficacy among PPWP seeking treatment.

Methods
Participants (n = 33) receiving MOUD at a Midwestern clinic reported beliefs about MOUD in general using the Attitudes toward Methadone Questionnaire (modified to include all MOUD) and during pregnancy/postpartum using an investigator-generated scale based on previous research. Participants responded using a 5-point scale from “strongly agree” to “strongly disagree” with higher scores indicating more positive attitudes. Analyses examined the bivariate association of attitudes with MOUD subjective norms and self-efficacy, also measured via investigator-generated scales.

Results
Respondents reported positive attitudes toward MOUD use during pregnancy, with most agreeing it was safe. However, up-to-half of participants reported uncertainty regarding the appropriate dosage of MOUD and its impact on the fetus and/or neonate. Both general and pregnancy/postpartum-related MOUD attitudes were positively associated with subjective norms toward MOUD.

Conclusions
Pregnant and postpartum women and people reported high uncertainty about MOUD use despite currently using it, emphasizing the need for strategies that assess and mitigate MOUD-related stigma. Findings suggest that familial support and stigma impact attitudes toward MOUD and highlight the importance of accurate psychoeducation and social supports for patients and their families to improve the acceptance and utilization of MOUD among PPWP.
Stapled Antimesenteric Functional End-to-End Anastomosis Following Intestinal Resection for Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Duan Ming , Wu Enhao , Xi Yue , Wu You , Gong Jianfeng , Zhu Weiming , Li Yi 
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND:
Anastomotic recurrence after bowel resection is problematic in patients with Crohn’s disease. Antimesenteric functional end-to-end handsewn (Kono-S) anastomosis is associated with a low risk of anastomotic recurrence in patients with Crohn’s disease.

IMPACT OF INNOVATION:
Kono-S anastomosis is effective but may be time-consuming. This study aimed to describe stapled antimesenteric functional end-to-end anastomosis for patients with Crohn’s disease.

TECHNOLOGY MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The mesentery of the affected bowel segment was divided. A 5-cm-wide stapled functional end-to-end anastomosis was performed approximately 6 cm from the affected segment. The bowel was divided transversely exactly 90° to the intestinal lumen and the mesentery, and a supporting column was then constructed.

PRELIMINARY RESULTS:
From January 2018 to June 2021, 17 stapled antimesenteric functional end-to-end anastomoses were performed. The mean operative time was 106 (range, 80–135) minutes, and the time to construct the stapled antimesenteric functional end-to-end anastomosis was 21 (range, 18–28) minutes. The mean follow-up time was 8.9 (range, 1–15) months. In total, 10 patients underwent surveillance endoscopy. The average Rutgeerts score was 0.8 (range, 0–4), and the incidence of endoscopic recurrence was 11.8%. No postoperative mortality or anastomotic leakage was observed.

CONCLUSION:
Stapled antimesenteric functional end-to-end anastomosis may be a safe and time-saving procedure for patients with Crohn’s disease.

FUTURE DIRECTIONS:
Further prospective studies with a large sample size are warranted.
Trends in Neonatal Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation During a Venovenous Cannula Shortage*
Authors: Hatch L. Dupree , Bridges Brian C. , Chapman Rachel L. , Danko Melissa E. , Schumacher Robert E. , Patrick Stephen W. 
Published: December 2022

OBJECTIVES:
To report temporal trends in venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) use for neonatal respiratory failure in U.S. centers before and after functional venovenous cannula shortage due to withdrawal of one dual lumen venovenous cannula from the market in 2018.

DESIGN:
Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING:
ECMO registry of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization.

PATIENTS:
Infants who received neonatal (cannulated prior to 29 d of age) respiratory ECMO at a U.S. center and had a record available in the ECMO registry from January 1, 2010 to July 20, 2021.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Primary outcome was receipt of venovenous ECMO (vs venoarterial or other), and secondary outcomes were survival to hospital discharge and adverse neurologic outcomes. Using an interrupted time series design, we fit multivariable mixed effects logistic regression models with receipt of venovenous ECMO as the dependent variable, treatment year modeled as a piecewise linear variable using three linear splines (pre shortage: 2010–2014, 2014–2018; shortage: 2018–2021), and adjusted for center clustering and multiple covariates. We evaluated trends in venovenous ECMO use by primary diagnosis including congenital diaphragmatic hernia, meconium aspiration, pulmonary hypertension, and other. Annual neonatal venovenous ECMO rates decreased after 2018: from 2010 to 2014, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for yearly trend 0.98 (95% CI 0.92–1.04), from 2014 to 2018, aOR for yearly trend 0.90 (95% CI 0.80–1.01), and after 2018, aOR for yearly trend 0.46 (95% CI 0.37–0.57). We identified decreased venovenous ECMO use after 2018 in all diagnoses evaluated, and we failed to identify differences in temporal trends between diagnoses. Survival and adverse neurologic outcomes were unchanged across the study periods.

CONCLUSIONS:
Venovenous ECMO for neonatal respiratory failure in U.S. centers decreased after 2018 even after accounting for temporal trends, coincident with withdrawal of one of two venovenous cannulas from the market.
Brief Report: Impact of Methamphetamine Use and Rectal STIs on Systemic and Rectal Mucosal Inflammation
Authors: Blair Cheríe S. , Fulcher Jennifer A. , Cho Grace D. , Gorbach Pamina M. , Shoptaw Steve , Clark Jesse L. 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Methamphetamine (MA) use is associated with sexual risk behavior as well as systemic and mucosal inflammation, suggesting parallel biological and behavioral mechanisms of HIV transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM) who use MA. Data evaluating the combined biological effects of MA use with concomitant rectal gonococcal and/or chlamydial (GC/CT) infection on inflammation are limited.

Setting:
Secondary analysis of stored rectal and plasma specimens from 100 MSM participating in an NIDA-funded longitudinal cohort in Los Angeles, CA.

Methods:
This cross-sectional analysis evaluated systemic and rectal inflammatory markers under 2 conditions: (1) recent MA use (by urine drug screen) and (2) rectal GC/CT infection. We evaluated 50 participants with recent MA use (25 with and 25 without rectal GC/CT) and 50 MSM without MA use (25 with and 25 without rectal GC/CT). Log-transformed plasma and rectal immune markers were regressed on MA exposure and rectal GC/CT, controlling for HIV status and age.

Results:
Median age was 32 (range 19–45) years, and 58% of participants were living with HIV. Plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-1ß, and rectal IL-6 were associated with rectal GC/CT and MA use, independent of HIV status. Higher levels of rectal TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-17a were associated with rectal GC/CT.

Conclusions:
Systemic and rectal inflammation was positively associated with rectal GC/CT and MA use. Condomless sex in the setting of GC/CT- and MA-induced immune activation may provide a basis for synergistic biobehavioral mechanisms that promote HIV/STI transmission among MSM who use MA.
Mediodorsal thalamus regulates sensory and mapping uncertainties in flexible decision making
Authors: Zhang Xiaohan , Halassa Michael M. , Chen Zhe Sage 
Published: December 2022

SUMMARYThe mediodorsal (MD) thalamus is a critical partner for the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in cognitive flexibility. Accumulating evidence has shown that the MD regulates task uncertainty in decision making. However, the mechanism of this cognitive process remains unclear. Here we used a reverse-engineering approach and trained biologically-constrained computational models to delineate these mechanisms. We found that the inclusion of an MD-like feedforward module increased robustness to sensory noise, enhanced working memory and enabled rapid context switching in the recurrent PFC network performing two versions of context-dependent decision-making tasks with sensory and mapping uncertainties. Incorporating genetically identified thalamocortical pathways and interneuron cell types replicated neurophysiological findings of neuronal tuning and uncovered attractor-like population dynamics. Our model revealed key computational mechanisms of context-invariant MD in regulating cueing uncertainty and context switching. It also made experimentally testable predictions linking cognitive deficits with disrupted thalamocortical connectivity, prefrontal excitation-inhibition imbalance and dysfunctional inhibitory cell types.