bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitigation of heat strain by wearing a long-sleeve fan-attached jacket in a hot or humid environment
Authors: Mori Kimiyo , Nagano Chikage , Fukuzawa Kimie , Hoshuyama Natsuko , Tanaka Riho , Nishi Kento , Hashimoto Kahori , Horie Seichi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
This study examined whether a fan-attached jacket (FAJ) may mitigate the heat strain in hot or humid environment.

Methods
Nine healthy men engaged in 60-min sessions on a bicycle ergometer (4 metabolic equivalents [METs] workload) in hot-dry (40°C and 30% relative humidity) and warm-humid (30°C and 85% relative humidity) environments. Both are equivalent to an approximately 29°C wet-bulb globe temperature. The experiment was repeated—once wearing an ordinal jacket (control condition) and once wearing a long-sleeve FAJ that transfers ambient air at a flow rate of 12 L/s (FAJ condition)—in both environments.

Results
Increases in core temperatures in hot-dry environment were not statistically different between control and FAJ; however, that in the warm-humid environment were significantly different between control and FAJ (0.96 ± 0.10°C and 0.71 ± 0.11°C in rectal temperature, P &lt; .0001; and 0.94 ± 0.09°C and 0.61 ± 0.09°C in esophageal temperature, P &lt; .0001). Changes in heart rate were different between control and FAJ in both environments (62 ± 3 bpm and 47 ± 7 bpm, P &lt; .0001 in hot-dry environment; and 61 ± 3 bpm and 46 ± 5 bpm, P &lt; .0001 in the warm-humid environment) and decrease of %weight change was different in hot-dry environment (1.59 ± 0.12% and 1.25 ± 0.05%, P = .0039), but not in the warm-humid environment.

Conclusions
Wearing a FAJ may mitigate heat strain both in hot or humid environments.
A Perspective: Molecular Detections of New Agents in Finfish—Interpreting Biological Significance for Fish Health Management
Authors: Meyers Theodore R. , Hickey Nora 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The increased sensitivity of advanced molecular techniques greatly exceeds the sensitivities of traditional detection methods for infectious agents. This sensitivity causes difficulty in interpreting the biological significance of such detections in fish (and shellfish), especially when the agent(s) cannot be cultured in the laboratory. In the Pacific Northwest, including Canada and Alaska, molecular detections of “new” (unknown or known but discovered in a different geographic location or fish host) potentially infectious agents in fish have received extensive media attention and misinterpretation that call for resource agencies to change current fish health surveillance practices or policies to include these agents. Fish health specialists from several of these agencies and organizations (see Acknowledgments) advise that any policy changes should be made only after further investigations to avoid wasting resources to conduct surveillance for organisms that are not significant to fish health or for noninfectious genetic material that does not represent a viable agent. Molecular detection is not proof of agent viability within or on host tissues and requires further investigation regarding the agent's ability to replicate and evidence that the agent causes substantial risk of disease to exposed fish populations. This document provides examples of molecularly detected agents causing public concern that were accompanied by little or no data to provide context and assessment of biological significance, highlights important questions to be answered regarding these detections, and provides a suggested pathway of investigative criteria to determine viability and pathogenicity of such agents that are necessary for consideration of any changes to aquatic animal health practices and policies.
Teacher victimization and teachers' subjective well‐being: Does school climate matter?
Authors: Yang Chunyan , Chan Mei‐ki , Nickerson Amanda B. , Jenkins Lyndsay , Xie Jia‐Shu , Fredrick Stephanie S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGuided by the job demands‐resources model, we examined the multilevel associations between victimization experience with student violence directed against teachers, school climate, and teachers' subjective well‐being (i.e., school connectedness and teaching efficacy) among 1711 teachers (7th–12th grade) from 58 middle and high schools in China. Hierarchical linear modeling analyses revealed that teachers who reported more frequent teacher victimization perceived a lower level of teaching efficacy; however, teachers in schools with a higher level of teacher victimization scores at the school level perceived a higher level of teaching efficacy. Although school climate was positively related to teacher well‐being at both teacher and school levels, the negative association between teacher victimization and teachers' subjective well‐being at the teacher level was exacerbated in schools with a more positive school climate at the school level. The significant cross‐level moderating effect of school‐level school climate in the association between teacher‐level victimization and subjective well‐being was consistent with the "healthy context paradox" but contradicted with the "emotion contagion hypothesis.” Our findings support the risk influence of teacher victimization and the promotive role of positive school climate on teachers' subjective well‐being. Our results also indicate that teachers in schools with a more positive and collective perception of school climate tend to be more attuned to the negative influences of teacher victimization on their subjective well‐being than teachers in schools with a less positive and collective perception of school climate.
Low‐Temperature Carrier Transport Mechanism of Wafer‐Scale Grown Polycrystalline Molybdenum Disulfide Thin‐Film Transistor Based on Radio Frequency Sputtering and Sulfurization
Authors: Baek Seungho , Kim Junil , Choo Sooho , Sen Anamika , Jang Bongho , Pujar Pavan , Kim Sunkook , Kwon Hyuk‐Jun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMolybdenum disulfide (MoS2) synthesis methods have become diverse and enable wafer‐scale growth for high‐performance optoelectronic applications. However, there has been limited research on the carrier transports of wafer‐scale deposited MoS2 thin‐film transistors (TFTs). In this paper, the first demonstration of the electron transport mechanism in top‐gated polycrystalline crystalline MoS2 (poly‐MoS2) TFTs grown by a wafer‐scale deposition method is presented. The MoS2 is synthesized via radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering and gas flow chemical vapor sulfurization. A surface analysis is performed to determine the basic ingredients and grain size of the grown MoS2. Furthermore, the electrical properties and charge transport behaviors of the poly‐MoS2 TFTs are characterized using current–voltage measurement at low temperatures (93–273 K). The extracted parameters (e.g., field‐effect mobility, contact and channel resistance, activation energy, and hopping distance) and 2D Mott variable range hopping (VRH) of the poly‐MoS2 TFTs support the notion that the primary mechanism of carrier transport in the poly‐MoS2 TFTs involves thermally active hopping and grain effects. For advanced poly‐MoS2‐based devices, an increase of grain size will be the principal factor using the relationship between the grain size and electron hopping distance of poly‐MoS2.
Tunable Plasmonic Random Laser Based on Emitters Coupled to Plasmonic Resonant Nanocavities of Silver Nanorod Arrays
Authors: Zhang Junxi , Wang Fei , Ghafoor Sonia , Wang Haoyu , Zhang Wei , Xie Kang , Cheng Rui , Yan Jian , Niu Lijie , Wang Pei , Zhang Lin , Hu Zhijia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRandom lasers are generated by multiple light scattering in disordered optically gain medium, which are fundamentally different from conventional lasers. Control of emission properties, especially emission wavelength for random lasers is still challenging due to absence of optical cavity. Although plasmonic random lasers exhibit well‐controlled properties, most of studies on plasmonic random lasers to date are still focused on scattering amplification by disorder metal nanoparticles. Here, a tunable random laser based on emitters of Nile red/poly‐methyl methacrylate (PMMA) coupled to plasmonic resonant nanocavities of silver nanorod arrays is presented. The plasmonic random laser has very strong and narrow emission peaks and a very low lasing threshold of 22.8 µJ, resulting from plasmon resonance energy transfer (PRET), the enhanced absorption, scattering, and excitation rates of Nile red/PMMA due to strong localized electric fields in the nanocavities, and enhanced multiple light scattering from the disorder–order hybrid silver nanorod arrays. Furthermore, the lasing wavelength can be tuned in a wide range from 623 to 654 nm by different order harmonic modes of the plasmonic resonant nanocavities. This work not only provides a new strategy to design tunable random lasers, but also opens up their potential applications in medicine and sensing.
Direct Alkylation and Acylation of 2H‐Indazoles Using Aldehydes under Metal‐Free Conditions
Authors: Wang Bingqing , Zhong Xiaoyang , Yao Hua , Deng Ruihong , Yan Zhaohua , Gao Mengjiao , Lin Sen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA simple, effective, and direct alkylation and acylation of indazoles using aldehydes under metal‐free conditions has been developed. This regioselective alkylation/acylation protocol can proceed under mild conditions, tolerate a wide range of functional groups, and deliver multifunctional 2H‐indazole derivatives with high efficiency. Mechanism studies indicated that a radical process was involved.
A Reputation Game Simulation: Emergent Social Phenomena from Information Theory
Authors: Enßlin Torsten , Kainz Viktoria , Bœhm Céline 
Published: April 2022

AbstractReputation is a central element of social communications, be it with human or artificial intelligence (AI), and as such can be the primary target of malicious communication strategies. There is already a vast amount of literature on trust networks and their dynamics using Bayesian principles and involving Theory of Mind models. An issue for these simulations can be the amount of information that can be stored and managed using discretizing variables and hard thresholds. Here a novel approach to the way information is updated that accounts for knowledge uncertainty and is closer to reality is proposed. Agents use information compression techniques to capture their complex environment and store it in their finite memories. The loss of information that results from this leads to emergent phenomena, such as echo chambers, self‐deception, deception symbiosis, and freezing of group opinions. Various malicious strategies of agents are studied for their impact on group sociology, like sycophancy, egocentricity, pathological lying, and aggressiveness. Our set‐up already provides insights into social interactions and can be used to investigate the effects of various communication strategies and find ways to counteract malicious ones. Eventually this work should help to safeguard the design of non‐abusive AI systems.
Strukturbasierte Entwicklung von G‐Protein bevorzugenden μ‐Opioidrezeptor Agonisten
Authors: Wang Haoqing , Hetzer Florian , Huang Weijiao , Qu Qianhui , Meyerowitz Justin , Kaindl Jonas , Hübner Harald , Skiniotis Georgios , Kobilka Brian K. , Gmeiner Peter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDer μ‐Opioidrezeptor (μOR) ist das Haupt‐Angriffsziel für opioide Analgetika. Die Aktivierung des μORs initiiert die Signaltransduktion über G‐Protein‐vermittelte Wege und durch β‐Arrestin‐Rekrutierung. μOR‐Agonisten, die bevorzugt die G‐Protein‐vermittelte Signalübertragung aktivieren, weisen deutlich geringere Nebenwirkungen auf. Der Wirkstoff PZM21, welcher durch computergestütztes Docking entdeckt wurde, ist ein solcher funktionell‐selektiver Agonist (biased agonist) des μORs. In dieser Publikation stellen wir die Kryoelektronenmikroskopie‐Struktur (Cryo‐EM‐Struktur) des PZM21 gebundenen μOR im Komplex mit einem Gi Protein vor. Strukturbasiertes Wirkstoffdesign brachte eine Vielzahl an PZM21‐Analoga hervor, die einerseits eine noch deutlichere Gi‐Bevorzugung und andererseits, durch ihre höhere Lipophile, eine verbesserte ZNS‐Gängigkeit aufweisen. Darunter zeigt FH210 eine sehr geringe Wirkstärke bei der Arrestin‐Rekrutierung. Wir haben außerdem die Kryo‐EM‐Struktur von FH210, das an den μOR im Komplex mit dem Gi‐Protein gebunden ist, bestimmt und die erwartete Bindungsposition bestätigt. Die strukturellen und pharmakologischen Studien offenbaren einen potenziellen Mechanismus zur Verringerung der β‐Arrestin‐Rekrutierung durch den μOR und versprechen die Entwicklung von Analgetika der nächsten Generation mit weniger Nebenwirkungen.
Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Framework (HOF)‐Based Single‐Neural Stem Cell Encapsulation and Transplantation to Remodel Impaired Neural Networks
Authors: Yu Dongqin , Zhang Haochen , Liu Zhenqi , Liu Chun , Du Xiubo , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHerein we present a new way to encapsulate neural stem cells (NSCs) by using hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) to overcome the common causes of low therapeutic efficacy during NSC transplantation: 1) loss of fundamental stem cell properties, “stemness”, before transplantation, 2) cytomembrane damage during transplantation, and 3) apoptosis due to oxidative stress after transplantation. Porous carbon nanospheres (PCNs) are doped into the HOF shell during the process of mineralization to endow the cellular exoskeletons with hierarchical hydrogen bonds, and the ability to resist oxidative stress due to the catalase and superoxide dismutase‐like activities of PCN. Under NIR‐II irradiation, thermal‐responsive hydrogen bonds dissociate to release NSCs. Stereotactic transplanting encapsulated NSC into the brain of an Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse model further verifies that our design can enhance NSC viability, promote neurogenesis, and ameliorate cognitive impairment. As the first example of using HOFs to encapsulate NSCs, this work may inspire the design of HOF‐based exoskeletons to ameliorate neurogenesis and cognitive behavioral symptoms associated with AD.
Protocellular CRISPR/Cas‐Based Diffusive Communication Using Transcriptional RNA Signaling
Authors: Yang Shuo , Joesaar Alex , Bögels Bas W. A. , Mann Stephen , de Greef Tom F. A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractProtocells containing enzyme‐driven biomolecular circuits that can process and exchange information offer a promising approach for mimicking cellular features and developing molecular information platforms. Here, we employ synthetic transcriptional circuits together with CRISPR/Cas‐based DNA processing inside semipermeable protein‐polymer microcompartments. We first establish a transcriptional protocell that can be activated by external DNA strands and produce functional RNA aptamers. Subsequently, we engineer a transcriptional module to generate RNA strands functioning as diffusive signals that can be sensed by neighboring protocells and trigger the activation of internalized DNA probes or localization of Cas nucleases. Our results highlight the opportunities to combine CRISPR/Cas machinery and DNA nanotechnology for protocellular communication and provide a step towards the development of protocells capable of distributed molecular information processing.
Population status and genetic diversity of two endangered giant clams (Tridacna squamosa and Tridacna maxima) on the fringing reefs of Perhentian Islands, Malaysia
Authors: Lee Li Keat , Neo Mei Lin , Lim Zhen Fei , Hii Kieng Soon , Lim Hong Chang , Chan Albert Apollo , Gu Haifeng , Lim Po Teen , Leaw Chui Pin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

With the increasing demand for giant clams in the ornamental trade as well as habitat destruction of coral reefs, giant clam populations have been threatened across the Indo‐Pacific. This study documents the population status and genetic diversity of giant clams in Perhentian Islands Marine Park (PMP), a Marine Protected Area (MPA) on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia, plus Rhu Island, an adjacent island outside the MPA.
Of the 13 reef sites surveyed across an area of 11,200 m2, two giant clam species were recorded: Tridacna squamosa and Tridacna maxima, with average densities of 1.5 ± 2.2 and 5.2 ± 6.0 ind. 100 m−2, respectively. The size‐class survey revealed a higher number of T. maxima recruits (88 recruits) as compared to T. squamosa (only three recruits), suggesting a disparity in recruitment in the area.
The genetic diversity of T. squamosa (n = 83) and T. maxima (n = 104) was explored using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and 16S rRNA gene markers. Interestingly, a higher genetic diversity was detected in COI than 16S for both species. No significant genetic differentiation was detected between the populations of PMP and Rhu Island, while a low but significant genetic structure was detected in both species across the sites of PMP (COI datasets, AMOVA, T. squamosa, FCT = 0.14, P < 0.05; T. maxima, FCT = 0.11, P < 0.05).
In general, the results of this study revealed healthy giant clam populations in PMP, but the decline warrants urgent attention to integrating conservation strategies such as restoration programmes in conjunction with a sustainable giant clam fishery. Given the relatively high genetic diversity of T. maxima at Rhu Island, expansion of the current MPA is needed for better conservation coverage.
Suppression of PBAN receptor expression reduces fecundity in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Park Youngjin , Vatanparast Mohammad 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, native to the tropical and subtropical areas of the American continent is one of the world's most destructive insect pests. In most insects, sex pheromone production is initiated following the activation of a pheromone‐biosynthesis‐activating neuropeptide (PBAN) receptor, which belongs to G protein‐coupled receptor. We explored expression level of S. frugiperda PBAN receptor (Sf‐PBANr) gene and validated the physiological function by assessing the fecundity of adult females subjected to its specific RNA interference (RNAi). Sf‐PBANr was predicted from a transcriptome of S. frugiperda. Reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction assay showed its expression in all developmental stages of S. frugiperda. Specific suppression of Sf‐PBANr by RNAi in either sex significantly reduced the total number of laid eggs per adult female. Matings between both RNAi‐treated males and female resulted in 63.3% reduction in fecundity. In contrast, the RNAi effect was less 47.5%–49.5% at the matings from single‐parent RNAi treatment. These results suggest that the Sf‐PBANr is associated with female of S. frugiperda.
Integrating Superlattice to Regulate P2‐O2 Phase Transition and Improve Cycling Stability in Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Feng Jiameng , Yang Zhe , Zhong Jianjian , Zheng Chaoliang , Wei Zhicheng , Li Jianling 
Published: April 2022

AbstractP2‐Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 is a promising cathode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), but it faces the rapid capacity decay due to P2‐O2 phase transition. The superlattice is a stable structure, compositing it can effectively eliminate the P2‐O2 phase transition. Based on superlattice of NaLi1/3Mn2/3O2, a series of xNaLi1/3Mn2/3O2 ⋅ (1‐x)Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 (x=0, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) were first synthesized by compounding NaLi1/3Mn2/3O2 into Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 in this article. The XRD and SAED show that special superlattice guarantees the structure stable of materials, resulting in a first order phase transformation to a solid solution reaction in high voltage. The composite cathode materials realize excellent cycle performance and discharge specific capacity. When x=0.4, the capacity retention rate is 82.64 % after 100 cycles, which is greatly improved compared with 30.60 % of Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2. This paper provides a new idea for using superlattice to stabilize the structure and improve the electrochemical performance for SIBs.
In Situ Hydrogen Evolution Monitoring During the Electrochemical Formation and Cycling of Pressed‐Plate Carbonyl Iron Electrodes in Alkaline Electrolyte
Authors: Weinrich Henning , Pleie Jan , Schmid Bernhard , Tempel Hermann , Kungl Hans , Eichel Rüdiger‐A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the institute of Rüdiger‐A. Eichel. The cover picture illustrates the hydrogen evolution on carbonyl iron electrodes, with the latter being a resource‐efficient option to store renewable electricity for stationary applications effectively, if an appropriate charging protocol is applied. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/batt.202100415.
An intensive anatomy by whole‐body dissection elective: A longitudinal study
Authors: Burgess Annette W. , Luscombe Georgina M. , Ramsey‐Stewart George 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhole body dissection, once a long‐held method of learning and teaching in anatomy medical education, has largely been replaced by cost and time‐reduced methods of teaching. This paper reports on a longitudinal study of student knowledge acquisition and retention, following six annual intensive eight‐week elective anatomy by whole body dissection (AWBD) courses implemented between 2010 and 2015, utilizing a modified team‐based learning (TBL) pedagogy. A total of 160 students completed the intensive full‐time courses. During each course, students, in groups of five or six, completed the dissection of a whole cadaver. Students were assessed by a standardized practical test involving the accurate identification of 20 different tagged anatomical structures. All students (n = 160) completed pre‐course and end‐course individual assessments. Seventy students were assessed again 1 month after the course ended. A further 71 students were assessed 7 months later. A marked increase in topographical relational anatomical knowledge was demonstrated. The median pre‐course score was 9/20 (interquartile range 5). The median end‐course score was 19/20 (IQR 2), a statistically significant increase (p < 0.001). The assessments for the 70 students reassessed 1 month after the course ended showed no significant statistical change. The assessments for the further 71 students assessed 7 months later also showed no significant statistical change. The results of this study demonstrate that AWBD, provides significant acquisition and maintenance of three‐dimensional regional relational anatomical knowledge. As an elective, AWBD has a place in the medical curricula, particularly for students interested in a surgical or procedural based specialty career.
Whole‐Cell Biotransformation of Penicillin G by a Three‐Enzyme Co‐expression System with Engineered Deacetoxycephalosporin C Synthase
Authors: Song Shiyi , Jiang Yingying , Chen Ruidong , Su Wencheng , Liang Weinan , Yang Dameng , Li Jincheng , Zhang Wuyuan , Gao Shushan , Yuan Bo , Qu Ge , Sun Zhoutong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDeacetoxycephalosporin C synthase (DAOCS) catalyzes the transformation of penicillin G to phenylacetyl‐7‐aminodeacetoxycephalosporanic acid (G‐7‐ADCA) for which it depends on 2‐oxoglutarate (2OG) as co‐substrate. However, the low activity of DAOCS and the expense of 2OG restricts its practical applications in the production of G‐7‐ADCA. Herein, a rational design campaign was performed on a DAOCS from Streptomyces clavuligerus (scDAOCS) in the quest to construct novel expandases. The resulting mutants showed 25∼58 % increase in activity compared to the template. The dominant DAOCS variants were then embedded into a three‐enzyme co‐expression system, consisting of a catalase and an L‐glutamic oxidase for the generation of 2OG, to convert penicillin G to G‐7‐ADCA in E. coli. The engineered whole‐cell enzyme cascade was applied to an up‐scaled reaction, exhibiting a yield of G‐7‐ADCA up to 39.21 mM (14.6 g ⋅ L−1) with a conversion of 78.42 mol %. This work highlights the potential of the integrated whole‐cell system that may inspire further research on green and efficient production of 7‐ADCA.