bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allometry, sexual selection and evolutionary lines of least resistance shaped the evolution of exaggerated sexual traits within the genusTyrannus
Authors: Fasanelli Martín Nicolás , Milla Carmona Pablo S. , Soto Ignacio María , Tuero Diego Tomás 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVariational properties hold a fundamental role in shaping biological evolution, exerting control over the magnitude and direction of evolutionary change elicited by microevolutionary processes that sort variation, such as selection or drift. We studied the genusTyrannusas a model for examining the conditions and drivers that facilitate the repeated evolution of exaggerated, secondary sexual traits in the face of significant functional limitations. In particular, we explore the role of allometry, sexual selection and their interaction, on the diversification of tail morphology in the genus, assessing whether and how they promoted or constrained phenotypic evolution. Non‐deep‐forked species tend to show reduced sexual dimorphism and moderate allometric variation in tail shape. The exaggerated and functionally constrained long feathers of deep‐forked species,T.savanaandT.forficatus, which show both marked sexual dimorphism and allometric tail shape variation, independently diverged from the rest of the genus following the same direction of main interspecific variation accrued during the evolution of non‐deep‐forked species. Moreover, the latter direction is also aligned with axes summarising sexual dimorphism and allometric variation on deep‐forked species, a feature lacking in the rest of the species. Thus, exaggerated tail morphologies are interpreted as the result of amplified divergence through reorientation and co‐option of allometric variation by sexual selection, repeatedly driving morphology along a historically favoured direction of cladogenetic evolution.
Investigating the rheological properties of molten sugar‐free dark chocolates
Authors: Loghmani Sayed Vahid , Hojjatoleslamy Mohammad , Molavi Hooman , Fazel Mohammad 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study examined the steady‐state and dynamic rheological properties of molten dark chocolate produced from sorbitol, isomalt, and inulin sugar substitutes at 40°C. All samples had a shear‐thinning and thixotropic behavior. Bulk sweeteners, according to their molecular structures, could be effective on the apparent viscosity as well as yield stress. Dynamic oscillatory measurements of the considered molten samples showed the liquid‐like behavior of inulin and isomalt, and the weak gel‐like behavior of sucrose and sorbitol. Sugar substitution decreased the G′ and G″ values of the samples. Among the samples, only those containing sorbitol within 50–100 rad/s range obeyed the Cox–Merz rule. The data related to the obtained compliance ( could be well fitted to the Kelvin model (R2 = 0.994) as a function of time. Compliance values ( were increased with the sugar substitution, thus showing that deformation and internal viscosity () were decreased with sugar substitution. According to the results of this study, sugar substitution remarkably influenced the structures of dark chocolate samples. For this reason, the use of bulk sweeteners mixture in the formulation can be recommended.Practical applicationsOver the past decennium, nutritive sweeteners are regarded as ingredients replacing the physical bulk as well as sweetness of sugar. Such products are also called “sugar replacers” or “bulk sweeteners.” Replacement of sucrose with bulking agents can lead to the reduction of calories, glycemic index, as well as preventing dental cavities. Therefore, it is necessary to make suitable products for people suffering from diabetes; accordingly, formulations have been developed using sugar replacers.
Circ_0014130 is involved in the drug sensitivity of colorectal cancer through miR‐197‐3p/PFKFB3 axis
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhou Lijiang , Li Zheng , Lin Guanhong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and AimColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most deadly cancers in the world, with few treatments and a poor prognosis. In recent years, many circular RNAs have been studied in CRC, but the role of circ_0014130 in CRC has not been investigated. Therefore, this research is designed to investigate the impact of circ_0014130 on the resistance of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in CRC.MethodsQuantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was conducted to assess the expression of circ_0014130, microRNA‐197‐3p (miR‐197‐3p), and 6‐phosphofructo‐2‐kinase/fructose‐2, 6‐bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3). The expression of PFKFB3 protein was detected by Western blot. The effect of cric_0014130 on drug resistance in CRC was verified by Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay, clone formation assay, Transwell, and flow cytometry. The effect of circ_0014130 on tumor growth was evaluated by xenograft tumor model in vivo.ResultsCirc_0014130 and PFKFB3 were increased, while miR‐197‐3p was reversed in CRC tissues and cells. Knocking down circ_0014130 can promote cell apoptosis, inhibit the proliferation of CRC cells, and reduced the IC50 of 5‐FU. In addition, miR‐197‐3p inhibitors reversed the effect of si‐circ_0014130 on CRC cells. Similarly, overexpression of PFKFB3 can regulate CRC cell behavior and 5‐FU resistance caused by miR‐197‐3p. Finally, decrease of circ_0014130 was demonstrated to enhance the resistance of 5‐FU in CRC tissues in vivo.ConclusionCirc_0014130 modulates 5‐FU resistance in CRC by modulating the miR‐197‐3p/PFKFB3 axis, which is helpful for drug chemotherapy in CRC.
Usefulness of a mobile phone application for respiratory rate measurement in adult patients
Authors: Suzuki Ryuji , Takada Toshihiko , Takeshima Taro , Hayashi Michio , Miyashita Jun , Azuma Teruhisa , Usui Michiko , Hamaguchi Sugihiro , Fukuma Shingo , Maehara Kazuhira , Fukuhara Shunichi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsRespiratory rate measurement is one of the core nursing skills for early detection of deterioration of a patient's condition. Nevertheless, it is sometimes bothersome to visually measure respiratory rate over 1 min. Respiratory rate measurement using a mobile phone application “RRate” has been reported to be accurate and completed in a short time. However, it has only been investigated in children. The aim of this study was to validate the “RRate” compared with the 1‐min method in adult patients.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study in the setting of a nursing school. Videos of the movement of the thorax during respiration of adult patients were made. Nursing students watched these videos and measured respiratory rate with each method. Bland–Altman analysis was used to calculate bias and limits of agreement. The times taken for the measurements were compared using a t test.ResultsA total of 59 nursing students participated. When compared to the reference measurement, the one measured using “RRate” and the one measured over 1 min showed a bias of 0.40 breaths per minute and 0.65 breaths per minute, limits of agreement of −2.86 to 3.67 breaths per minute and −2.11 to 3.41 breaths per minute, respectively. The mean measurement time for “RRate” was 22.8 s (95% CI 13.9–36.6), which was significantly shorter than the 65.8 s (95% CI 61.0–73.2) for the measurement over 1 min (p < .001).ConclusionsRespiratory rate can be measured accurately in a shorter time using a mobile phone application in adult patients.
A customized long acting formulation of the kisspeptin analog C6 triggers ovulation in anestrus ewe
Authors: Salzano Giuseppina , Robert Vincent , Lomet Didier , Decourt Caroline , Hommet Elise , Derouin‐Tochon Flavie , Hellier Vincent , Savina Farah , Vishwanatha Thimmalapura‐Marulappa , Aucagne Vincent , Gref Ruxandra , Beltramo Massimiliano 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe modulation of the kisspeptin system holds promise as a treatment for human reproductive disorders and for managing livestock breeding. The design of analogs has overcome some unfavorable properties of the endogenous ligands. However, for applications requiring a prolongation of drug activity, such as ovulation induction in the ewe during the non‐breeding season, additional improvement is required. To this aim, we designed and tested three formulations containing the kisspeptin analog C6. Two were based on polymeric nanoparticles (NP1 and NP2) and the third was based on hydrogels composed of a mixture of cyclodextrin polymers and dextran grafted with alkyl side chains (MD/pCD). Only the MD/pCD formulation prolonged C6 activity, as shown by monitoring luteinizing hormone (LH) plasma concentration (elevation duration 23.4 ± 6.1, 13.7 ± 4.7 and 12.0 ± 2.4 h for MD/pCD, NP1 and NP2, respectively). When compared with the free C6 (15 nmol/ewe), the formulated (MD/pCD) doses of 10, 15 and 30 nmol/ewe, but not the 90 nmol/ewe dose, provided a more gradual release of C6 as shown by an attenuated LH release during the first 6 h post‐treatment. When tested during the non‐breeding season without progestogen priming, only, the formulated 30 nmol/ewe dose triggered ovulation (50% of ewes). Hence, we showed that a formulation with an adapted action time would improve the efficacy of C6 with respect to inducing ovulation during the non‐breeding season. This result suggests that formulations containing a kisspeptin analog might find applications in the management of livestock reproduction but also point to the possibility of their use for the treatment of some human reproductive pathologies.
The estrous cycle and 17β‐estradiol modulate the electrophysiological properties of rat nucleus accumbens core medium spiny neurons
Authors: Krentzel Amanda A. , Proaño Stephanie B. , Dorris David M. , Setzer Beverly , Meitzen John 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe nucleus accumbens core is a key nexus within the mammalian brain for integrating the premotor and limbic systems and regulating important cognitive functions such as motivated behaviors. Nucleus accumbens core functions show sex differences and are sensitive to the presence of hormones such as 17β‐estradiol (estradiol) in normal and pathological contexts. The primary neuron type of the nucleus accumbens core, the medium spiny neuron (MSN), exhibits sex differences in both intrinsic excitability and glutamatergic excitatory synapse electrophysiological properties. Here, we provide a review of recent literature showing how estradiol modulates rat nucleus accumbens core MSN electrophysiology within the context of the estrous cycle. We review the changes in MSN electrophysiological properties across the estrous cycle and how these changes can be mimicked in response to exogenous estradiol exposure. We discuss in detail recent findings regarding how acute estradiol exposure rapidly modulates excitatory synapse properties in nucleus accumbens core but not caudate‐putamen MSNs, which mirror the natural changes seen across estrous cycle phases. These recent insights demonstrate the strong impact of sex‐specific estradiol action upon nucleus accumbens core neuron electrophysiology.
Genital whitening with topical Cyperus rotundus oil enhances sexuality and quality of life
Authors: Mohammed Ghada F. , Al‐Dhubaibi Mohammed Saleh , Mohamed Mariam Lotfy 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundCyperus rotundus essential oil (CREO) is an anti‐inflammatory and depigmenting agent that helps treat hyperpigmentation.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the depigmenting effect of CREO on genital hyperpigmentation to that of arbutin (ARB), and to evaluate the association between genital lightening, genital self‐image, sexual performance, and life quality.Material and methodsThree hundred and eight healthy people were categorized into three groups: the CREO group, the ARB group, and the cold cream group (CC). In genital pigmentation, the tristimulus colorimeter is used to assess erythema and pigmentation. In addition, we aided in the development of the female genital self‐image scale (FGSIS‐4), the female sexual function index (FSFI), and the dermatology life quality index (DLQI).ResultThe reduction in genital hyperpigmentation was significantly greater in the CREO and ARB groups than in the CC group; in physician global assessment and patients’ self‐assessment, the results in treated bikini with the CREO and ARB groups were excellent when compared with the CC. Furthermore, no adverse effects were found in the CREO group, but mild irritation was found in the ARB group; additionally, the percentage of hair growth, color and luminance reduction, and hair thickness were significantly reduced in the CREO group only. In addition, there were significantly different in FGSIS, FSFI, and DLQI between the CREO and ARB groups and the CC group.ConclusionCREO is equivalently efficacious in decreasing pigmentation, inflammation, and hair growth in the genital area. Positive changes boost female genital self‐image, self‐esteem, and sexual performance. Improving sexual health has a positive impact on quality of life.
Genetic and observational evidence: No independent role for cholesterol efflux over static high‐density lipoprotein concentration measures in coronary heart disease risk assessment
Authors: Kuusisto Sanna , Karjalainen Minna K. , Tillin Therese , Kangas Antti J. , Holmes Michael V. , Kähönen Mika , Lehtimäki Terho , Viikari Jorma , Perola Markus , Chaturvedi Nishi , Salomaa Veikko , Raitakari Olli T. , Järvelin Marjo‐Riitta , Kettunen Johannes , Ala‐Korpela Mika 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundObservational findings for high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐mediated cholesterol efflux capacity (HDL‐CEC) and coronary heart disease (CHD) appear inconsistent, and knowledge of the genetic architecture of HDL‐CEC is limited.ObjectivesA large‐scale observational study on the associations of HDL‐CEC and other HDL‐related measures with CHD and the largest genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of HDL‐CEC.Participants/methodsSix independent cohorts were included with follow‐up data for 14,438 participants to investigate the associations of HDL‐related measures with incident CHD (1,570 events). The GWAS of HDL‐CEC was carried out in 20,372 participants.ResultsHDL‐CEC did not associate with CHD when adjusted for traditional risk factors and HDL cholesterol (HDL‐C). In contradiction, almost all HDL‐related concentration measures associated consistently with CHD after corresponding adjustments. There were no genetic loci associated with HDL‐CEC independent of HDL‐C and triglycerides.ConclusionHDL‐CEC is not unequivocally associated with CHD in contrast to HDL‐C, apolipoprotein A‐I, and most of the HDL subclass particle concentrations.
Assessing District Policy Alignment with the Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child Model in Connecticut, 2019 to 2020*
Authors: McKee Sarah L. , Thorne Taylor , Koslouski Jessica B. , Chafouleas Sandra M. , Schwartz Marlene B. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) model offers a comprehensive framework for creating safe, healthy, and supportive school environments. However, few studies to date have examined the degree to which school policies represent a comprehensive and integrated approach to this goal beyond nutrition and physical activity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to provide a baseline evaluation of the alignment of district‐level policies with the WSCC model within one state.METHODSFifty‐four Connecticut public school districts' policies were evaluated using the WellSAT WSCC, a new measure of how well district‐level policies address topic areas within each domain of the WSCC model. The comprehensiveness and strength of each district's policies were calculated and then averaged across districts to assess areas of strength and need.RESULTSDistricts' policies were most comprehensive in the domains of Social and Emotional Climate; Behavioral Supports (Counseling, Psychological, and Social Services); and Family Engagement. Policies were strongest for Safe Environment (Physical Environment); Behavioral Supports; and Health Services.CONCLUSIONSSchool district policy coverage of the WSCC model within Connecticut varies by domain and is often fragmented. Comprehensive and coordinated policies modeled from WSCC domains are needed to better support safe, healthy, and supportive school environments.
Plastid phylogenomics shed light on intergeneric relationships and spatiotemporal evolutionary history of Melocanninae (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)
Authors: Zhou Meng‐Yuan , Liu Jing‐Xia , Ma Peng‐Fei , Yang Jun‐Bo , Li De‐Zhu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMelocanninae is sister to other subtribes of Paleotropical woody bamboos with some 90 species mainly concentrated in Asia. However, phylogenetic relationships within the subtribe are poorly known. Here, we filled the gaps in complete plastome data of Melocanninae, reconstructed the phylogeny of Melocanninae, and further estimated divergence time and ancestral distribution range. Our results showed that the two major genera, Cephalostachyum Munro and Schizostachyum Nees, were paraphyletic. Species of Cephalostachyum were resolved in two successive basal clades, whereas Annamocalamus H. N. Nguyen, N. H. Xia, & V. T. Tran was embedded in the Schizostachyum clade. Different plastid regions provided inconsistent signals for the relationship of Melocanna and Pseudostachyum. Conservative loci supported a successive divergence rather than sister relationship between them and the difference may be caused by long‐branch attraction. We infer that Melocanninae originated in the East Himalaya to northern Myanmar in the early Miocene. Three routes were revealed in forming its present biogeographic pattern: in situ diversification on the Asian mainland, dispersing southwest to Sri Lanka and to the Western Ghats in South India, and spreading southeast to Malesia and Oceania by way of the Indo‐China Peninsula. The rapid uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and the intensification of Asian monsoons since the Miocene and the sea level fall events since the Late Miocene might be potential driving forces for diversification of Melocanninae and, particularly the latter event, for the species radiation of Schizostachyum.
Novel oxygen desaturation parameters are associated with cardiac troponin I: Data from the Akershus Sleep Apnea Project
Authors: Sigurdardottir Fjola D. , Øverby Caroline Tonje , Nikkonen Sami , Karhu Tuomas , Dammen Toril , Nordhus Inger Hilde , Thorshov Thea , Einvik Gunnar , Kainulainen Samu , Leppänen Timo , Arnardottir Erna Sif , Töyräs Juha , Omland Torbjørn , Hrubos‐Strøm Harald 
Published: March 2022

SummaryNovel diagnostic markers for obstructive sleep apnea beyond the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) have been introduced. There are no studies on their association with markers of subclinical myocardial injury. We assessed the association between novel desaturation parameters and elevated cardiac troponin I and T. Participants with polysomnography (498) from the Akershus Sleep Apnea study were divided into normal and elevated biomarker groups based on sex‐specific concentration thresholds (cardiac troponin I: ≥4 ng/L for women, ≥6 ng/L for men; and cardiac troponin T: ≥7 ng/L for women, ≥8 ng/L for men). Severity of obstructive sleep apnea was evaluated with the AHI, oxygen desaturation index, total sleep time with oxygen saturation below 90% (T90), lowest oxygen saturation (Min SpO2%), and novel oxygen desaturation parameters: desaturation duration and desaturation severity. How the AHI and novel desaturation parameters predicted elevated cardiac troponin I and cardiac troponin T levels was assessed by the area under the curve (AUC). Based on multivariable‐adjusted linear regression, the AHI (β = 0.004, p = 0.012), desaturation duration (β = 0.007, p = 0.004), and desaturation severity (β = 0.147, p = 0.002) were associated with cardiac troponin I levels but not cardiac troponin T. T90 was associated with cardiac troponin I (β = 0.006, p = 0.009) and cardiac troponin T (β = 0.005, p = 0.007). The AUC for the AHI 0.592 (standard error 0.043) was not significantly different from the AUC of T90 (SD 0.640, p = 0.08), desaturation duration 0.609 (SD 0.044, p = 0.42) or desaturation severity 0.616 (SD 0.043, p = 0.26) in predicting myocardial injury as assessed by cardiac troponin I. Oxygen desaturation parameters and the AHI were associated with cardiac troponin I levels but not cardiac troponin T levels. Novel oxygen desaturation parameters did not improve the prediction of subclinical myocardial injury compared to the AHI.
Police stops and adolescent sleep problems: findings from the UK millennium cohort study
Authors: Jackson Dylan B. , Testa Alexander 
Published: March 2022

SummaryYouth‐police contact has been shown to undermine various facets of adolescent health and well‐being. The present study extends this body of research by assessing the association between police stops and sleep problems among a large, representative sample of adolescent in the UK (N = 11,200). The findings reveal youth–police contact was associated with all facets of sleep examined, including shorter sleep durations, longer sleep latency, and frequent mid‐sleep awakenings. Ancillary analyses of a subsample of youth using daily time‐use diaries (TUDs) largely corroborate these findings in the case of short sleep durations. Additionally, the odds of experiencing multiple sleep problems were greatest among youth who were arrested/taken into custody, but significant nonetheless even in the absence of arrest. These findings indicate the need for strategies and interventions among both public health practitioners and law enforcement that mitigate the adverse repercussions of police stops for adolescent sleep health.