bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Censorship and Suppression of Covid-19 Heterodoxy: Tactics and Counter-Tactics
Authors: Shir-Raz Yaffa , Elisha Ety , Martin Brian , Ronel Natti , Guetzkow Josh 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe emergence of COVID-19 has led to numerous controversies over COVID-related knowledge and policy. To counter the perceived threat from doctors and scientists who challenge the official position of governmental and intergovernmental health authorities, some supporters of this orthodoxy have moved to censor those who promote dissenting views. The aim of the present study is to explore the experiences and responses of highly accomplished doctors and research scientists from different countries who have been targets of suppression and/or censorship following their publications and statements in relation to COVID-19 that challenge official views. Our findings point to the central role played by media organizations, and especially by information technology companies, in attempting to stifle debate over COVID-19 policy and measures. In the effort to silence alternative voices, widespread use was made not only of censorship, but of tactics of suppression that damaged the reputations and careers of dissenting doctors and scientists, regardless of their academic or medical status and regardless of their stature prior to expressing a contrary position. In place of open and fair discussion, censorship and suppression of scientific dissent has deleterious and far-reaching implications for medicine, science, and public health.
TAVR: nemesis of NOACs?
Authors: Polzin Amin , Helten Carolin , Metzen Daniel , Zako Saif , Veulemans Verena , Kelm Malte , Zeus Tobias 
Published: November 2022

AbstractData on non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) patients are controversial. In patients without atrial fibrillation (AF), rivaroxaban showed enhanced ischemia and bleeding as compared to standard of care. ENVISAGE showed enhanced bleeding in AF patients as compared to vitamin K antagonist (VKA). Only apixaban was non-inferior but failed superiority regarding bleeding in AF patients after TAVR. One could hypothesize that this might be due to pharmacokinetics of NOACs. Therefore, we compared outcome in rivaroxaban/edoxaban (once-daily) and apixaban (twice-daily) treated patients. 568 patients with indication for permanent oral anticoagulation due to AF undergoing TAVR were analyzed via inverse probability of treatment weighting. Valve academic research consortium complications during 30-day follow-up were assessed. Bleeding complications were similar in once-daily and twice-daily NOACs (major: 22 (7.5%) vs. 14 (5.3%), p = 0.285; minor: 66 (22.4%) vs. 46 (17.4%), p = 0.133). Complications did not change when splitting the cohort in the different agents apixaban, rivaroxaban and edoxaban. These findings remained robust after multivariate analysis. In summary, twice-daily and once-daily NOACs did not differ regarding bleeding complications in a hypothesis generating real-world cohort of TAVR patients with AF.
Lang zullen we leven!
Authors: Slager David 
Published: November 2022

SamenvattingDe zorgkosten verdrievoudigen in veertig jaar tijd, bij ongewijzigd beleid. We durven de oorzaken van die kostenstijgingen niet in de ogen te kijken. Het is tijd om eerlijk te ontleden waar het werkelijke probleem zit: we hebben het leven heilig verklaard, waardoor we té oud worden.
Are Fear Campaigns Effective for Increasing Adherence to COVID-Related Mitigation Measures?
Authors: Richmond Bethany , Sharpe Louise , Menzies Rachel E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundUsing fear to increase the uptake of preventative health behaviours is a longstanding practice, which could be useful in mitigating the spread of COVID-19. However, the impact of fear campaigns beyond behavioural outcomes has rarely been considered. It is possible that these threatening health messages could heighten health-related anxiety by inducing a tendency to interpret ambiguous stimuli in a threatening manner. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of fear-based articles about COVID-19, on intentions to adhere to mitigation measures and interpretation bias—a core maintenance factor in health anxiety.MethodTwo pilot studies were conducted with the aim of validating our novel COVID-related measures and assessing engagement with the threat manipulation. Following this, 375 community members were recruited through social media for the main study. Participants were then randomly allocated to read an article about COVID which was manipulated on both threat and efficacy. After reading the article, participants then completed measures of interpretation bias and intentions to engage in COVID-19 mitigation measures.ResultsAlthough the threatening articles consistently produced greater COVID-related threat, they only generated a stronger interpretation bias in the first pilot study. Importantly, threat-based communications failed to enhance intentions to perform mitigation measures in any of the studies. Likewise, reading an article which bolstered self-efficacy did not increase intentions, compared to reading a low efficacy article.ConclusionThis research suggests that fear appeals are unlikely to increase intentions to perform COVID-related mitigation measures.
Recurrence After Colectomy for Locally Advanced Colon Cancer: Experience from a Developing Country
Authors: Sahakyan Artur M. , Aleksanyan Andranik , Batikyan Hovhannes , Petrosyan Hmayak , Yesayan Shushan , Sahakyan Mushegh A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRisk factors for disease recurrence following curative resection for locally advanced colon cancer (LACC) remain unclear as conflicting results have been reported in the literature. The aim of this study was to examine these factors in the setting of developing country’s health care system affected by limited accessibility to the multimodal cancer treatment. Patients who had undergone curative colon resection for LACC between 2004 and 2018 were included. Data were obtained from a prospectively maintained database. Factors associated with disease recurrence, types of recurrence and recurrence-free survival were studied. A total of 118 patients with LACC were operated within the study period. Median follow-up was 36 (2-147) months. Adjuvant therapy was used in 41 (34.7%) patients and 62 (52.5%) were diagnosed with recurrence. In the multivariable analysis, disease recurrence was associated with tumor and nodal stages, as well as with the lymph node yield. Local recurrence, distant metastases, and peritoneal carcinomatosis were observed in 8 (6.8%), 30 (25.4%), and 24 (20.3%) patients, respectively. Early recurrence was diagnosed in 27 (22.9%) cases with peritoneal carcinomatosis being its most common type. Preoperative serum CA 19–9 levels, tumor, and nodal stages were linked to recurrence-free survival in the univariable analysis. Only tumor stage remained such in the multivariable model. Our findings suggest that lymph node yield, tumor, and nodal stages are associated with recurrence following curative resection for LACC.
Psychische Gesundheit von LGBT*-Jugendlichen in Österreich: Scoping Review und Forschungsagenda auf Basis internationaler Evidenz
Authors: Siegel Magdalena , Nöstlinger Christiana , Dürrauer Flo , Kirchner Stefanie , Niederkrotenthaler Thomas , Zemp Martina 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungEine Vielzahl internationaler Studien zeigt, dass lesbische, schwule, bisexuelle, transgender und andere Jugendliche mit diversen sexuellen Orientierungen und/oder Geschlechtsidentitäten (LGBT*-Jugendliche) psychische Vulnerabilitäten, aber auch spezifische Ressourcen aufweisen. Es ist jedoch unklar, inwieweit diese Ergebnisse auf Jugendliche in Österreich übertragbar sind, da sich die soziolegalen und entwicklungsbezogenen Kontexte zwischen Ländern unterscheiden. Wir haben gemäß PRISMA-Richtlinien ein systematisches Scoping Review durchgeführt, um (1) publizierte Studien zur psychischen Gesundheit von LGBT*-Jugendlichen in Österreich zu identifizieren und darauf aufbauend (2) Forschungsempfehlungen abzuleiten, die durch internationale Evidenz ergänzt werden. Es wurden fünf wissenschaftliche Datenbanken (PsycInfo, PSYNDEX, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science; März 2022) systematisch durchsucht und zusätzlich Expert_innen aus Forschung und Community kontaktiert, um einschlägige Studien zu finden. Es konnten nur zwei veröffentlichte empirische Studien zur psychischen Gesundheit von LGBT*-Jugendlichen in Österreich gefunden werden, was die geringe Studienlage in Österreich reflektiert. Vor diesem Hintergrund skizzieren wir eine detaillierte Forschungsagenda nach einem sozio-ökologischen Ansatz. Die Einbeziehung der sexuellen Orientierung und nicht-binärer Geschlechtsidentitäten in populationsbasierten Studien zur Untersuchung von Erstauftreten, Prävalenz und Verlauf psychischer Belastungen sowie die gezielte, ressourcenorientierte und entwicklungssensitive Forschung auf allen Ebenen scheinen vorrangig, um gesundheitliche Ungleichheiten und gesellschaftliche Stigmatisierung zu verringern und LGBT*-Jugendliche in ihrer Entwicklung bestmöglich zu unterstützen.
Use of coals and wastes in a co-gasification process aimed at producing hydrogen rich gas
Authors: Gąsior Rafał , Smoliński Adam 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe use of low-quality coals and flotoconcentrates is currently severely limited, and the problem of managing municipal waste from anthropogenic activities is currently a challenge. The problems of reducing carbon dioxide emissions, utilizing the energy potential of waste and increasing its recycling have an impact on the costs of electricity production. Considering the abundant streams of unused fuels, they can be considered as attractive energy materials, so environmentally-friendly and cost-effective options for their utilization should be developed. A study was conducted using steam co-gasification technology on selected coals, flotation concentrates and Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) alternative fuel. Selected low-quality coals were combined with RDF alternative fuel in a process aimed at hydrogen production. The experiments produced gas with hydrogen concentrations ranging from 67% (vol.) to 68% (vol.) with low methane concentrations. It was observed that the addition of alternative fuels helped to increase the hydrogen concentration in syngas. Attention was paid to the catalytic ability of the metal oxides contained in the fuel blend, with particular reference to K2O and Al2O3 and TiO2.
A Pair-Electrosynthesis for Formate at Ultra-Low Voltage Via Coupling of CO2 Reduction and Formaldehyde Oxidation
Authors: Li Mengyu , Wang Tehua , Zhao Weixing , Wang Shuangyin , Zou Yuqin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFormate can be synthesized electrochemically by CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) or formaldehyde oxidation reaction (FOR). The CO2RR approach suffers from kinetic-sluggish oxygen evolution reaction at the anode. To this end, an electrochemical system combining cathodic CO2RR with anodic FOR was developed, which enables the formate electrosynthesis at ultra-low voltage. Cathodic CO2RR employing the BiOCl electrode in H-cell exhibited formate Faradaic efficiency (FE) higher than 90% within a wide potential range from − 0.48 to − 1.32 VRHE. In flow cell, the current density of 100 mA cm−2 was achieved at − 0.67 VRHE. The anodic FOR using the Cu2O electrode displayed a low onset potential of − 0.13 VRHE and nearly 100% formate and H2 selectivity from 0.05 to 0.35 VRHE. The CO2RR and FOR were constructed in a flow cell through membrane electrode assembly for the electrosynthesis of formate, where the CO2RR//FOR delivered an enhanced current density of 100 mA cm−2 at 0.86 V. This work provides a promising pair-electrosynthesis of value-added chemicals with high FE and low energy consumption.
On the decisional Diffie–Hellman problem for class group actions on oriented elliptic curves
Authors: Castryck Wouter , Houben Marc , Vercauteren Frederik , Wesolowski Benjamin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe show how the Weil pairing can be used to evaluate the assigned characters of an imaginary quadratic order$${\mathcal {O}}$$Oin an unknown ideal class$$[{\mathfrak {a}}] \in {{\,\textrm{cl}\,}}({\mathcal {O}})$$[a]∈cl(O)that connects two given$${\mathcal {O}}$$O-oriented elliptic curves$$(E, \iota )$$(E,ι)and$$(E', \iota ') = [{\mathfrak {a}}](E, \iota )$$(E′,ι′)=[a](E,ι). When specialized to ordinary elliptic curves over finite fields, our method is conceptually simpler and often somewhat faster than a recent approach due to Castryck, Sotáková and Vercauteren, who rely on the Tate pairing instead. The main implication of our work is that it breaks the decisional Diffie–Hellman problem for practically all oriented elliptic curves that are acted upon by an even-order class group. It can also be used to better handle the worst cases in Wesolowski’s recent reduction from the vectorization problem for oriented elliptic curves to the endomorphism ring problem, leading to a method that always works in sub-exponential time.
Projectional Editing of Software Product Lines Using Multi-variant Model Editors
Authors: Schröpfer Johannes , Buchmann Thomas , Westfechtel Bernhard 
Published: November 2022

AbstractModel-driven software engineering (MDSE) as well as software product line engineering (SPLE) achieve productivity gains by raising the level of abstraction and fostering organized reuse. Consequently, the integrating discipline model-driven software product line engineering (MDSPLE) aims at combining the best of both worlds by creating multi-variant models which are (automatically) configured into single-variant models which are in turn adapted further (if required). Inherently complex multi-variant models call for urgently needed tools providing support for editing multi-variant models. In this paper, we present a framework for projectional multi-variant editors which make complexity manageable using a user-friendly representation. At all times, a domain engineer is aware of editing a multi-variant model which is necessary to assess the impact of changes on all model variants. Supporting a clear separation of product space (domain model) and variant space (variability annotations), our projectional multi-variant editors provide a novel approach to representing variability information which is displayed non-intrusively. Furthermore, the domain engineer may employ a projectional multi-variant editor to adapt the representation of the multi-variant domain model in a flexible way, according to the current focus of interest.
Using a realist approach in understanding youth offending service delivery requirements for young people who offend with speech, language and communication needs in England
Authors: Redgate Sam , Dyer Wendy , Smith Michael A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractResearch consistently demonstrates the over-representation of young people with speech, language and communication needs within the youth criminal justice system, with estimates suggesting this population accounts for up to 90% of young people who offend. Acknowledgement and understanding of these individual-based needs, along with identified service delivery adaptation(s) (where necessary) are required to ensure all young people, regardless of needs experienced, can effectively engage with, and have their voices heard, within the context of Youth Offending Services. By using a realist approach, qualitative interviews with stakeholders (n = 15) are used to explore service conditions required to incorporate speech, language and communication provision within a Youth Offending Service. Specifically, the research provides original and significant insights into the interconnections between understanding of speech, language and communication, service delivery models and engagement with young people. Seven themes pertaining to delivery requirements within youth offending settings were identified. From these themes, explanations in the form of programme theories are postulated detailing core service delivery conditions required in youth offending settings to address speech, language and communication need. These include, increased understanding of speech, language and communication; unpicking terminology and becoming communication friendly; staff cohesion prompting learning together; and co-construction approach to service delivery. The core approach underpinning these postulated programme theories was an increased awareness of speech, language and communication issues by youth offending staff. This increased awareness is evidenced to lead to an adaptation of behaviours and practices by staff which in turn increases engagement with young people.
First records of two large pelagic fishes in the Red Sea: wahoo (Acanthocybium solandri) and striped marlin (Kajikia audax)
Authors: Williams Collin T. , Arostegui Martin C. , Braun Camrin D. , Gaube Peter , Shriem Marwan , Berumen Michael L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis report provides the first confirmed identifications of wahoo (Acanthocybium solandri) and striped marlin (Kajikia audax) in the Red Sea, expanding the known ranges of these species into the basin. Potential mechanisms responsible for the lack of regional documentation of the two species are further discussed. These findings illustrate the need for systematic biodiversity surveys of pelagic fish assemblages in the Red Sea.
Verminotic pneumonia in South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) in Southern Brazil
Authors: Daoualibi Yasmin , Moreira Renata F. , Bandinelli Marcele B. , Echenique Joanna V. Z. , Wagner Paulo G. C. , Soares João F. , Pavarini Saulo P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractVerminotic pneumonia caused by Parafilaroides spp. nematodes is an underreported disease in beached South American fur seals, with scant literature available on the characteristics of parafilaroidiasis, the nematode itself, as well as its occurrence in pinnipeds in Brazil. The present work aims to identify, describe and detail the histological features of the infection and molecular characteristics of verminotic pneumonia in the South American fur seal. Twenty-six specimens of Arctocephalus australis, found dead on the northern coast of Rio Grande do Sul in 2021, were analysed. These animals were identified and submitted to necropsy and histology. For the molecular identification of metastrongylids, lung fragments were subjected to DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction targeting the Internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2) gene and subsequent sequencing. In total, 12 animals presented with parasites in the lung parenchyma on histological evaluation, and only 1 showed a granulomatous lung lesion at necropsy. Microscopically, the nematodes were found mainly in the alveoli, associated with little or no inflammatory response, and they had morphological characteristics compatible with metastrongylids. Six ITS-2 gene quality sequences were obtained; after comparative analysis via BLAST, they showed similarity with sequences obtained from Parafilaroides sp. Therefore, verminotic pneumonia caused by Parafilaroides represents an important differential diagnosis of lung disease in South American fur seals found on the northern coast of Rio Grande do Sul.
Low-temperature investigation of residual water bound in free-living Antarctic Prasiola crispa
Authors: Bacior Magdalena , Harańczyk Hubert , Nowak Piotr , Kijak Paulina , Marzec Monika , Fitas Jakub , Olech Maria 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAntarctic algae are extremophilic organisms capable of surviving harsh environmental conditions such as low temperatures and deep dehydration. Although these algae have various adaptations for life in extreme environments, the majority of the molecular mechanisms behind their resistance to dehydration and freezing are not yet fully understood. The aim of our research was to observe the behaviour of bound water freezing in the free-living Antarctic alga Prasiola crispa. One way to avoid frost damage involves deep dehydration of the algal thallus. For that reason, a detailed analysis of water freezing at different sample hydration levels was carried out. Nuclear magnetic resonance investigation revealed two types of water immobilization: cooperative bound water freezing for samples with sample hydration levels above Δm/m0 = 0.40 and non-cooperative bound water immobilization for lower thallus hydration levels. In the differential scanning calorimetry experiment, 2-h incubation at -20°C suggested the diffusion and final binding of supercooled water to the ice nuclei and a lower hydration level threshold, at which ice formation could be observed (Δm/m0 = 0.21). Our research provides a new perspective on water sorption and freezing in Antarctic algae, which may be important not only in biological systems, but also in such novel materials as metal-organic frameworks or covalent organic frameworks.
Die Erfassung von Geschlecht
Authors: Diethold Jorah M. E. , Watzlawik Meike , Hornstein René_ Rain 
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung: Die Abfrage von Geschlecht hat sich als Standard für die Erfassung von soziodemografischen Daten etabliert. In den meisten Fällen wird dabei nur global nach der Zuordnung zum weiblichen oder männlichen Geschlecht gefragt. Tatsächlich ist Geschlecht aber ein multidimensionales Konstrukt, das auf unterschiedlichste Aspekte verweisen kann: juristische, biologische, psychologische, soziale etc. Auf keiner dieser Ebenen reichen die binären Optionen zur Beschreibung aus. In diesem Beitrag informieren wir daher – von Mehrdimensionalität ausgehend – über empirisch fundierte sowie forschungsethisch gebotene Formen der Erhebung von Geschlecht. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf den Wünschen und Bedarfen von in der Forschung marginalisierten Gruppen: 179 Personen, die sich als trans*, nicht-binär oder inter* (unterrepräsentiert: N = 2) verorten bzw. angaben, momentan ihr Geschlecht zu hinterfragen, sowie 121 dyadische cis Personen bewerteten 5 verschiedene Formate der Geschlechtserhebung. Trotz unterschiedlicher Bewertungen bei allen Formaten zeigte sich eine klare Präferenz für ein freies Eingabefeld zur Angabe des Geschlechts, das optional auszufüllen war. Vor- und Nachteile der einzelnen Erhebungsformen werden kritisch reflektiert und allgemeine Empfehlungen für die Forschungspraxis ausgesprochen.
A Generalized Strategy From S‐Wave Receiver Functions Reveals Distinct Lateral Variations of Lithospheric Thickness in Southeastern Tibet
Authors: Zhang Zhou , Deng Yangfan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe selected rotation angle and deconvolution time window during S‐wave receiver function (SRF) calculations, and the final SRF quality control may introduce artificial interference. Here we overcome these problems by proposing a new strategy named GC_SRF for obtaining the lithospheric thickness from S‐wave receiver functions, which employs grid search and correlation analysis to obtain reliable SRFs. Extensive tests using synthetic and real data suggest that the GC_SRF strategy is a robust and reproducible approach for estimating lithospheric thickness. Specifically, this GC_SRF strategy can restore the weak Sp phases from full wavefield synthetic seismograms. Clear and distinct discontinuity patterns that do not involve artificial interference compared with those obtained in previous studies of southeastern Tibet are produced here. The post‐stack migrated SRFs reveal distinct lateral variations of lithospheric thickness in southeastern Tibet: (a) Tengchong volcano has a thin crust and thin lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary (LAB) (∼90 km); (b) the Chuandian region has a thicker crust and either a poorly defined or unclear LAB. The absence of a continuous LAB in the Chuandian region may suggest lithospheric regrowth due to the recovery processes of the mantle plume; (c) a thinner crust and clear LAB of ∼160 km depth is presented beneath the Sichuan Basin.