bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can Frailty in Conjunction with FRAX Identify Additional Women at Risk of Fracture - a Longitudinal Cohort Study of Community Dwelling Older Women
Authors: Bartosch Patrik , Malmgren Linnea 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background

Fracture risk assessment is still far from perfect within the geriatric population. The overall aim of this study is to better identify elderly women that are at risk for fractures, using a quantitative measure of frailty in conjunction with FRAX.

Methods

This study was performed in the OPRA cohort of n=1023, 75-year old women followed for 10-years. A frailty index (FI) of ‘deficits in health’ was created, and 10-year probability for major osteoporotic and hip fractures using FRAX was calculated and bone mineral density measured. Incident fractures were continuously registered for 10-years. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare FI, FRAX and the combination FI+FRAX as instruments for risk prediction of fractures. Discriminative ability was estimated by comparing area under the curve (AUC). In addition, using guidelines from the Swedish Osteoporosis Foundation, a category of low risk women who would not have would have been recommended for pharmacological treatment (non-treatment group) was identified, categorized by frailty status and their fracture risk determined using Cox proportional hazard regressions.

Results

For hip fracture, FRAX and frailty performed almost equally (HIP AUC 10y: 0.566 vs. 0.567, p=0.015 and p=0.013). Next, FI was used in conjunction with FRAX; proving marginally better than either score alone (AUC 10y: 0.584, p=0.002). Comparable results were observed for osteoporotic fracture.
In the non-treatment group (564 women), being frail was associated with a higher 10y risk of hip fracture (HR 2.01 (1.13-3.57)), although failing to reach statistical significance for osteoporotic fracture (HR 1.40 (0.97-2.01).
The utility of measuring frailty was also demonstrated when using T-score to define fracture risk. Among n=678 non-osteoporotic women, frailty added to the 10-year risk of fracture (Hip; HR 2.22 (1.35-3.71); Osteoporotic fracture; HR 1.57 (1.15-2.14))
Conclusions
While the addition of frailty to FRAX marginally improved fracture prediction, applying a frailty measurement to a group of ‘low risk’ women, identified a set of individuals with high actual hip fracture risk that would not be prioritized for pharmacological treatment. Further cost-benefit analysis studies will be needed to formally test the potential benefit.
Effects of Acetone O-(2-naphtylsulphonyl)oxime Pre-application on Maize Seedlings Under Cadmium Stress
Authors: YETİŞSİN Fuat , AHNEAK Esin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We aimed to elucidate the role of O-(2-naphthylsulfonyl)oxime (ANSO) in maize under cadmium stress. The control will be kept in distilled water for 18 hours, the second group will be kept in ANSO (0.3 mM) for 6 hours and then in distilled water for 12 hours, the third group will be in distilled water for 6 hours and then in cadmium solution (100 μM) for 12 hours, fourth group ANSO (0.3 mM) for 6 hours, followed by 12 hours of cadmium solution (100 µM). When ANSO+Cd application is compared to Cd, the cadmium content increased 7.8 times, while the ABA content decreased. RWC, which was reduced by Cd stress, was not changed by ANSO pre-treatment. Chlorophyll content, which decreased with Cd treatment, increased with ANSO+Cd treatment. While the carotenoid content increased with Cd application, it increased much with ANSO+Cd application. The H2O2 content and lipid peroxidation increased in the plant with Cd stress and decreased with ANSO pre-treatment. With ANSO+Cd, GPX activity decreased compared to Cd treatment, but CAT and APX values increased. ANSO pre-treatment did not significantly change SOD activity. Cd application increased proline content compared to control, but proline content decreased compared to Cd with ANSO pre-treatment. In ANSO+CD, ascorbic acid, cinnamic acid and catechol values increased compared to the values in plants treated with Cd, but the trans-coumaric acid value decreased. It can be said that ANSO application to maize under Cd stress provides the preservation of the ion balance of the cells by chelating Cd+2.
Study on the degradation of the compression strength of spacers made of high-density pressboard used in power transformers under the influence of thermal ageing
Authors: Oria C. , Méndez C. , Carrascal I. , Ferreño D. , Ortiz A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The structural components inside power transformers are commonly made of high-density pressboard, due to its suitable mechanical and dielectric properties. One of these essential components are the spacers used in the windings of transformers, which are subjected to compressive loading during operation. The spacers are immersed in dielectric liquid and subjected to high temperatures and chemical reactions during the lifespan of the transformer, which result in the degradation of their dielectric and mechanical properties. The performance and reliability of the power transformer greatly depends on its mechanical integrity, so it is necessary to understand how the ageing degrades the mechanical response of the high-density pressboard. In this study, spacers made of high-density pressboard were immersed in uninhibited naphthenic oil and aged at 150 ºC for different periods of time. The evolution caused by the thermal ageing over some chemical parameters (acidity and moisture content) and dielectric properties (AC breakdown voltage, dielectric dissipation factor, resistivity and degree of polymerisation) of the oil and the high-density pressboard was studied experimentally. Compressive mechanical tests were performed on samples of the aged high-density pressboard, and the compressive stiffness during the ageing process was related with other chemical and dielectric parameters.
Some properties of habituation of siphon withdrawal in the slimy clam (Ruditapes decussatus)
Authors: Rubio Pablo , Loy Ignacio , Pellón Ricardo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Over the last decades the comparative study of the intelligence of invertebrate animals has shown the psychological complexity of these species. Although significant research has been carried out on the phyla of mollusks in gastropods and cephalopods, there has been little research concerning bivalves. Some studies have demonstrated the habituation phenomenon with a dishabituation test in clams. However, no further studies in this line of research have been developed in order to study the cognitive processes of clams and similar species. The aim of the present research was to develop a habituation procedure in the slimy clam Ruditapes decussatus by measuring the percentage of siphon withdrawal when they were exposed to a white light. In Experiment 1 a habituation-dishabituation procedure was used to study the stimulus intensity effect. A group was exposed to a 350-lm and a different group to 806-lm. Clams exposed to 350-lm showed a higher habituation than those exposed to 806-lm. Experiment 2 studied the effect of stimulus and intertrial interval (ITI) duration using a 2x2 design. Trials lasted 20 or 180 seconds, and the ITI lasted 5 or 10 minutes. A combined effect of these two parameters was obtained. Habituation was higher in clams exposed to 180-sec. trials with a 5-min, ITI. Altogether, this series of experiments constitutes a first systematic demonstration of habituation in bivalves.
A new visual quality metric for evaluating the performance of multidimensional projections
Authors: Ibrahim Maniru , Vieira Thales 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Multidimensional projections (MP) are among the most essential approaches in the visual analysis of multidimensional data. It transforms multidimensional data into two-dimensional representations that may be shown as scatter plots while preserving their similarity with the original data. Human visual perception is frequently used to evaluate the quality of MP. In this work, we propose to study and improve on a well-known map called Local Affine Multidimensional Projection (LAMP), which takes a multidimensional instance and embeds it in Cartesian space via moving least squares deformation. We propose a new visual quality metric based on human perception. The new metric combines three previously used metrics: silhouette coefficient, neighborhood preservation, and silhouette ratio. We show that the proposed metric produces more precise results in analyzing the quality of MP than other previously used metrics. Finally, we describe an algorithm that attempts to overcome a limitation of the LAMP method which requires a similar scale for control points and their counterparts in the Cartesian space
An Integrative Biology Approach to Quantify the Biodistribution of Azidohomoalanine in Vivo
Authors: Saleh Aya M. , VanDyk Tyler , Jacobson Kathryn R. , Khan Shaheryar A. , Calve Sarah , Kinzer-Ursem Tamara L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Identification and quantitation of newly synthesized proteins (NSPs) are critical to understanding protein dynamics in development and disease. Probing the nascent proteome can be achieved using non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) to selectively label the NSPs utilizing endogenous translation machinery, which can then be quantitated with mass spectrometry. Since its conception, ncAA labeling has been applied to study many in vitro systems and, more recently, the in vivo proteomes of complex organisms such as rodents. We have previously demonstrated that labeling the murine proteome is feasible via injection of azidohomoalanine (Aha), an ncAA and methionine (Met) analog, without the need for Met depletion. With the ability to isolate NSPs without applying stress from dietary changes, Aha labeling can address biological questions wherein temporal protein dynamics are significant. However, accessing this temporal resolution requires a more complete understanding of Aha distribution kinetics in tissues. Furthermore, studies of physiological effects of ncAA administration have been limited to gross observation of animal appearance and behavior.
Results
To address these gaps, we created a deterministic, compartmental model of the -kinetic transport and incorporation of Aha in mice. Parameters were informed from literature and experimentally. Model results demonstrate the ability to predict Aha distribution and labeling under a variety of dosing paradigms and confirm the use of the model as a tool for design of future studies. To establish the suitability of the method for in vivo studies, we investigated the impact of Aha administration on normal physiology by analyzing plasma and liver metabolomes following various Aha dosing regimens. We show that Aha administration induces metabolic alterations in mice. However, these changes are minimal as reflected by the small percentage of metabolites that are differentially abundant between non-injected controls and Aha treatment groups.
Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that we can reproducibly predict protein labeling and that the administration of this analog does not significantly alter in vivo physiology over the course of our experimental study. We expect this model to be a useful tool to guide future experiments utilizing this technique to study proteomic responses to stimuli.
Multi-band camouflage design with thermal management
Authors: Huang Lehong , Ma Caiwen , Zhang Chunmin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Space vehicles need to be able to hide themselves effectively in some specific scenarios; however, existing camouflage designs do not fully realize the "stealth" of a variety of existing detectors, and a large distance is required to meet the needs of all-round applications. We propose a \(\text{G}\text{e}/\text{Y}\text{b}{\text{F}}_{3}\) multilayer wavelength-selective emitter that covers more wavelengths with better camouflage effect and radiation cooling than previous developments. In addition, our emitter substantially reduces the implementation difficulty and cost of detection instruments while greatly improving the stealth effect and survivability of space vehicles in different environments. Simulations and experiments are used to demonstrate that the emitter performs visible and dual-band mid-infrared camouflage with thermal control management in two different application scenarios. First, the application to aircraft skin enables simultaneous infrared camouflage in two bands (low emissivity in atmospheric windows, \({\stackrel{-}{\epsilon }}_{3-5\mu m}=0.06\) and \({\stackrel{-}{\epsilon }}_{8-14\mu m}=0.01\)) and radiative cooling (high emissivity in non-atmospheric window, \({\stackrel{-}{\epsilon }}_{5-8\mu m}=0.68\)) as well as visual camouflage (low average reflectance of 0.21 in visible band). This selective infrared emission characteristic is preserved for incidence angles of radiated light ranging from 0° to 60°. Second, we combine the wavelength-selective emitter with insulating silica aerogel for application to the converging nozzle of aircraft, obtaining a reduction in the apparent temperature of the object from 873 K to approximately 313 K in detection ranges of 3–5 and 8–14 µm with and without earthshine. This in turn reduces the target detectable lock-on range by approximately 79% and provides an excellent infrared stealth effect. Moreover, the emitter has a simple structure and scalability, and provides convenience for mass production.
Back acupoint location method based on Deep Learning
Authors: Liu Ying-Bin , Qin Jian-Hua , Zeng Gui-Fen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Aiming at the problem of automatic and accurate positioning of back acupuncture points and evaluation of the positioning accuracy of massage robots or automatic cupping machines, the human back data set is expanded through Deep Convolution Generative Adversarial Networks (DCGAN), marking the back acupoints with the method of bone grading, and then use the Keypoint region-based convolutional neural network (Keypoint RCNN) to train the back acupoint location model. Because the size and area of the acupuncture points are difficult to measure, there is no clear Based on the evaluation index of acupoint positioning, and finally combined with the method proposed in the literature and the experience of back acupoint searching, a back acupoint positioning evaluation method was established. According to this method, the average accuracy rate of the back acupoint positioning model reached 86.33%, which can locate the back acupoints automatically and accurately, therefore it is beneficial to the application of back acupoints in treatment and health care.
Interplay of crystal symmetries and light topology in high harmonic spectroscopy
Authors: García-Cabrera Ana , Boyero-García Roberto , Zurrón-Cifuentes Óscar , Serrano Javier , Roman Julio San , Plaja Luis , Hernańdez-García Carlos 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Structured ultrafast laser beams offer unique opportunities to explore the interplay of the angular momentum of light with matter at the femtosecond scale. Linearly polarized vector beams are paradigmatic examples of structured beams whose topology is characterized by a well-defined Poincaré index. It has been demonstrated that the Poincaré index is a topological invariant during high-order harmonic generation from isotropic targets, such as noble gases. As a result, harmonics are produced as extreme-ultraviolet vector beams with the same topology as the driver. In this work we demonstrate that high-order harmonic generation driven by vector beams from anisotropic crystalline targets, such as single-layer graphene, splits the harmonic field into a multibeam structure: a central vector beam that preserves the driver's topology, surrounded by a topological cluster of unitary vortices, where this symmetry is broken.
We identify the target's non-linear anisotropic response as the vehicle of coupling the crystal symmetries with the driving field's topology. Our work opens the route towards using the topological analysis of the high-order harmonic field as a novel spectroscopic tool to reveal the role of symmetries in the non-linear response of matter.
A surgical method for complete interhemispheric corpus callosotomy combined with extended frontoparietal craniotomy in mouse
Authors: Jelisejevs Ilja , Upīte Jolanta , Kalnins Shivan , Jansone Baiba 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Callosotomy is an invasive method that is used preclinically to study the role of interhemispheric functional connectivity in the brain. In small animals, it is technically challenging to perform. To date, there exists two main approaches for transecting the corpus callosum in rodents: trephine hole(s) or unilateral craniotomy. Both of these approaches will cause damage to other brain structures, mainly the cerebral cortex, or injury of large vessels, such as the superior sinus, that may lead to intracranial hemorrhage and animal death. In this study, we present a novel approach for complete corpus callosotomy in adult mice using an interhemispheric approach combined with bilateral and extended craniotomy across the midline. This study demonstrated that bilateral and extended craniotomy provided the visual space required for hemisphere and sinus retraction, thus keeping large blood vessels and surrounding brain structures intact during transection of the corpus callosum under surgical microscope using fine, standardized surgical instruments. We also emphasized the importance of good post-operative care leading to optimal recovery, increasing overall animal survival, and reducing the number of animals used in the experiments, which are crucial in conducting long-term studies. Taken together, this approach can provide higher reproducibility and smaller variability of study results among animals, including long-term behavioral studies in mice. This novel interhemispheric approach to complete callosotomy will facilitate further studies, helping to extend knowledge of the corpus callosum in interhemispheric transfer and its role in various neurological and psychiatric pathologies.
No evidence that earthworms increase soil greenhouse gas emissions (CO 2 and N 2 O) in the presence of plants and soil moisture fluctuations
Authors: Ganault Pierre , Nahmani Johanne , Capowiez Yvan , Fromin Nathalie , Shihan Ammar , Bertrand Isabelle , Buatois Bruno , Milcu Alexandru 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Earthworms can stimulate plant productivity, but their impact on soil greenhouse gases (GHG) is still debated. Methodological challenges of measuring GHG in experiments with plants are presumably contributing to the status quo, with the majority of studies being conducted without plants. Here we report the effect of earthworms (without, anecic, endogeic and their combination) and plants (with and without) on GHG (CO2 and N2O) emissions in an experiment. N2O emissions were also 34.6 and 44.8% lower when both earthworm species and only endogeic species were present, respectively, while plants reduced the cumulative N2O emissions by 19.8%. No effects on CO2 were found. Estimates of soil macroporosity measured by X-ray tomography show that the GHG emissions were mediated by their burrowing activity affecting the soil aeration and water status. Both GHG emissions decreased with the macropore volume in the top soil, presumably due to reduced moisture and microbial activity. N2O emissions also decreased with macropore volume in the deepest layer, likely caused by a reduction in anaerobic microsites. Our results indicate that, under experimental conditions allowing for plant and earthworm engineering effects on soil moisture, earthworms do not increase GHG emissions and that endogeic earthworms may even reduce N2O emissions.
Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from juniper tree extracts
Authors: Jabini Sara , Kartoolinejad Davoud , Bahrami Zohreh , Naghdi Reza , Sadeghipour Ahmad , Minaeian Sara 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized via a green and inexpensive method, from leaf and twig extract of Juniperus excelsa as a reducing agent for reduction of Ag+ to Agº. The first sign of the production of Ag nanoparticles was the color change from yellow to brown. The effective synthesis parameters such as concentration of silver nitrate, extract volume, pH, reaction time and temperature were investigated and controlled by UV-visible spectroscopy. The silver nanoparticles were synthesized under the optimal conditions of 2 mM silver nitrates, 10 ml extract volume, pH = 12, temperature = 70 ˚C and reaction time of 3h. This sample was characterized using X-Ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. The findings revealed that the synthesized silver nanoparticles had spherical morphology and an average size of 40 nm. Evaluation of antibacterial activity by the disc-diffusion assay shown that Ag nanoparticles effectively inhibited the growth of both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The MICs against E. coli and S. aureus was 6.25 and 25 µg/ml, respectively. These results demonstrated that the synthesized nanoparticles had stronger antibacterial activity against E. coli.
Immigration and Psychosis in the Population of Qatar: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Yehya Arij , Al-fakhri Nora , Ghuloum Suhaila , Hammoudeh Samer , Ajmal Nighat , Lawati Hawra Al , Becetti Imen , Shehata Mena , Ghabrash Hany , Iram Huma , Hani Yahya , Hamdi Yasmin , Al-Amin Hassen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective:Qatar is a developing Arab country where most of the population consists of immigrants. This study assessed the associations between immigration and psychosis in Qatar and the factors contributing to the new diagnosis of psychosis.
Methods:Data was collected retrospectively for all patients with psychotic disorders over two years. The patients’ records were retrieved from the Mental Health Services in Doha, Qatar.
Results:The percentage of international immigrants presenting with a diagnosis suggestive of the first onset of psychosis was higher than that of Qataris and Arabs. The latter two groups had more chronic forms of psychosis, mainly schizophrenia. International immigrants received the lowest dosage of antipsychotics. There were minor differences in the psychotic and treatment profiles.
Conclusion: Language, family structure, and other social-cultural factors might contribute to this new onset of psychosis among international immigrants in Qatar.
Conditioning of Matrix Functions at Triangular Matrices
Authors: Al-Mohy Awad 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

The area of matrix functions has received growing interest for a long period of time due to their growing applications. Having a numerical algorithm, the ideal situation is to have an estimate or bound for the error returned alongside the solution.Condition numbers serve this purpose; they measure the first order sensitivity of matrix functions to perturbations in the input data.We have observed that the existing crude condition number leads most of time to inferior bounds of relative forward errors for matrix functions with triangular inputs. We \emph{redefine} the condition number of matrix functions at triangular matrices and derive one algorithm for exact computation of the new condition number and another one for its estimation. Our analysis reveals that the computational cost of the new condition number is lower that the existing general one. Finally, our numerical experiment shows that the new condition number captures the behavior of the numerical algorithms and provides reasonable sharp bounds for the errors.