bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of early childhood stressors on later growth in medieval and postmedieval London
Authors: Hawks Sarah M. , Godde Kanya , Hens Samantha M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis research examined the relationship between linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) and stature in medieval and postmedieval London cemeteries to determine whether individuals with LEH in their permanent dentition also exhibited shorter stature. Pathological and metric data for 87 adult individuals from the medieval East Smithfield Black Death cemetery and 136 adult individuals from the postmedieval St. Bride's Lower Churchyard Cemetery were used in this study. A two‐way ANOVA, a component of the general linear model (GLM), was run to compare LEH prevalence to maximum femoral length, while accounting for time period and sex. The results showed a significant association in both samples between presence of LEH and femur length in males. The association did not differ between cemeteries, indicating no temporal change in the relationship. Examination of the distribution suggests the association was stronger in males than in females, a possible indication of superior female buffering in these samples. This research provides a look at how environmental stressors in childhood may have permanent effects on growth in past populations while also attempting to better understand how males and females may differ in buffering against episodes of stress.
The emerging potential of crystalline drug‐polymer combination for medical applications
Authors: Shaheen‐Mualim Merna , Kutner Neta , Farah Shady 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThere is a great potential in combining carrier‐free crystalline‐based drug delivery systems (DDSs) within polymeric implants/scaffolds in a manner that preserves each components' independent functionality, stability, and advantages. We believe that this will open new avenues in drug delivery research as well as accelerate polymers and crystalline‐based DDSs developments.
Design of effective injection strategy and operable cure window for an aircraft wing flap composite part using neat resin characterization and multi‐physics process simulation
Authors: Zade Anita , Neogi Swati , Kuppusamy Raghu Raja Pandiyan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA methodology using neat resin characterization and multi‐physics process simulation was proposed to develop a resin transfer molding (RTM) process for an aircraft wing flap composite part. Initially, RTM6 resin was thermally characterized using differential scanning calorimetry and curing kinetics was modeled using Kamal and Sourour model. A multi‐physics approach was employed to simulate the RTM mold filling and curing phases. Mold filling simulations were performed to obtain an effective injection strategy for the composite part. One‐point injection port and five‐point vents were obtained as an effective injection strategy using a trial and improvement process. Curing simulations were performed on the composite part using neat resin cure kinetics and cure process windows for neat resin and composite panel were developed. Subsequently, a cure difference window was developed to investigate cure difference progression between neat resin and composite panel at the processing conditions. Finally, the kinetics of cure difference progression was modeled as a function of neat resin cure conversion to design operable cure cycles for the composite panel. The results found that the cure differences converge with the increase in applied mold temperature.
Diabetes care in the time of COVID‐19: video consultation as a means of diabetes management
Authors: Hall Rosie , Harvey Mary Rose , Patel Vinod 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground: This review specifically focuses on the use of video consultation in diabetes management, in comparison to standard care. The population of chronic condition sufferers in the UK is considerable and teleconsultation use has, in recent years, been explored. COVID‐19 has created an additional pressure on health services to use teleconsultation. Diabetes mellitus affects approximately four million people in the UK. If clinical outcomes are uncompromised, the benefits of using a remote service could encourage the use of video consultation for diabetes management in normal practice.Aims: A systematic review of the use of video consultation in place of standard consultation in the management of diabetes mellitus. Both clinical and non‐clinical outcomes are reviewed, in addition to patient satisfaction levels after using video consultation.Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted to select published articles from web‐based health databases. Data extraction and analysis of results followed.Results: Twelve studies were selected. Overall, the clinical outcomes (HbA1c, low‐density lipoprotein levels and blood pressure) appeared to be uncompromised with the use of video consultation. Patient satisfaction was high, with few limitations found. The economic and time saving benefits of this approach proved to be additional advantages.Conclusions: Despite there being a lack of literature identified in this field, the results support the use of video consultation in diabetes management. The evidence suggests that this approach should be utilised in the time of COVID‐19 and beyond. Future research should assess the use of video consultation over a reasonable duration through randomised controlled trials. Copyright © 2022 John Wiley & Sons.
Improved melt strength and processability of impact copolymer polypropylene by introducing long‐chain branching via reactive extrusion with “ene” functionalized dendrimer
Authors: Jaisingh Aanchal , Goel Vishal , Kapur Gurpreet Singh , Nebhani Leena 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA generation two dendrimer (G2) having eight terminal double bonds has been prepared via esterification reaction from a dendritic precursor having eight hydroxyl end groups (G1). The reactive extrusion of impact co‐polymer polypropylene (ICP) with G1 resulted in improved processability while leading to enhanced melt strength in the case of linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE). G2 being an extension of G1, was melt grafted on ICP using a radical initiator to introduce long‐chain branching in the polymer backbone. The prepared samples were analyzed for their molecular weight distribution, thermal, rheological properties, and mechanical properties. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis showed higher thermal stability and slightly higher crystallization temperature with grafting of G2 on ICP. The rheological analysis through melt flow index measurements and parallel plate rheometer indicated higher processability, melt strength, complex viscosity, and zero‐shear viscosity for ICP grafted with an optimized amount of G2. The presence of long‐chain branching was confirmed with an increase in activation energy for ICP modified with G2 as compared to neat ICP. Modified ICP samples retained their bulk mechanical properties as neat ICP.
Assessment of adaptive behavior in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Saulnier Celine A. , Klaiman Cheryl 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAdaptive behavior skills are often delayed in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and these behaviors are significantly associated with poor outcomes in adulthood, especially for autistic individuals that have no cognitive and/or language delays. Therefore, despite having the capacity to be self‐sufficient, the vast majority of autistic adults fail to obtain successful levels of employment, independent living, and interpersonal relationships. Given that more than 60% of autistic individuals have intact cognition and language, adaptive behavior skills need to be appropriately assessed as part of the diagnostic process of ASD, and profiles of delays and deficits need to be accommodated throughout development. This paper provides guidelines for conducting adaptive behavior assessments as part of a comprehensive diagnostic evaluation for ASD, which is now considered standard practice. The history and definition of the construct of adaptive behavior are discussed, and considerations for the administration of various measures, interpretation of results, and translation of findings into intervention strategies are provided.
Rationale and design of a screening study to detect schistosomiasis‐associated pulmonary hypertension in Ethiopia and Zambia
Authors: Sinkala Edford , Ahmed Hanan Yusuf , Sibomana Jean Pierre , Lee Michael H. , Kassa Biruk , Kumar Rahul , Mazimba Sula , Binegdie Amsalu B. , Mpisa Sydney , Wamundila Kawana , Graham Brian B. , Hilton Joan F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSchistosomiasis is a major cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) worldwide, but the prevalence and risk factors for schistosomiasis‐associated PAH (SchPAH) development are not well understood. Schistosomiasis‐associated hepatosplenic disease (SchHSD) is thought to be a major risk factor for PAH development. Herein, we describe our plans for prospectively screening SchHSD subjects for clinical evidence of PAH at two major academic medical centers and national referral hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and Lusaka, Zambia. The screening study will primarily be conducted by echocardiography, in addition to clinical assessments. Plasma samples will be drawn and banked for subsequent analysis based on preclinical animal model rationale. If successful, this study will demonstrate feasibility of conducting prospective cohort studies of SchPAH screening in schistosomiasis‐endemic regions of Africa, and provide initial data on clinic‐based disease prevalence and potential mechanistic biomarkers underlying disease pathogenesis.
Inhaled iloprost induces long‐term beneficial hemodynamic changes in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension receiving combination therapy
Authors: Yasuda Kenichiro , Adachi Shiro , Nishiyama Itsumure , Yoshida Masahiro , Nakano Yoshihisa , Murohara Toyoaki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInhaled iloprost is an established treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, the long‐term hemodynamic changes that inhaled iloprost induces are unclear. Here, we retrospectively enrolled 18 patients with PAH who received inhaled iloprost as add‐on to oral combination therapy from December 2016 to January 2021 at our institute in Japan. We then examined the changes in hemodynamic parameters induced by iloprost in these patients during right heart catheterization (RHC). To examine the long‐term effects of iloprost, we repeated the RHC examination at follow‐up (median time to follow‐up, 8.5 months). During both catheterization procedures, iloprost was administered by using an I‐neb AAD system (Philips NV). In a comparison of pre‐inhalation values at the first and follow‐up RHCs, inhaled iloprost significantly improved mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP; 39.9 ± 7.8 to 32.5 ± 7.2 mmHg, p = 0.016) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR; 588.5 ± 191.7 to 464.4 ± 188.5 dyn s cm−5, p = 0.047). During the follow‐up RHC, in a comparison of the pre‐inhalation and best recorded values out to 30 min after the end of iloprost inhalation, iloprost significantly decreased mPAP (32.5 ± 7.2 to 30.0 ± 6.6 mmHg, p = 0.007) and PVR (457.8 ± 181.4 to 386.2 ± 142.8 dyn s cm−5, p = 0.025) and significantly increased cardiac output (4.19 ± 0.91 to 4.64 ± 1.01 L/min, p = 0.035). Iloprost may have not only acute vasodilation effects but also long‐term hemodynamic benefits in PAH patients receiving combination therapy.
Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage as a rare complication of antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Seth Ishith , Bhagavata Srinivasan Shyam Prakaash , Bulloch Gabriella , Yi Dong Seok , Frankel Anthony , Hsu Kelvin , Passam Freda , Garsia Roger , Corte Tamera J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDiffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH) is a rare complication of antiphospholipid syndrome. With a mortality rate of 46%, early diagnosis and management remain an ongoing challenge. Case reports are limited, and management guidelines are not yet definitive. In this case report, we present a 43‐year‐old male with DAH who required high‐dose oral steroids, intravenous methylprednisolone cyclophosphamide and rituximab over 18 months to control life‐threatening episodes of pulmonary bleeding.
“Iavazzo score”, a preoperative score to predict duration of robotic‐assisted gynaecological surgeries
Authors: Iavazzo Christos , Fotiou Alexandros , Kokkali Kalliopi , Vorgias George 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundLong operation time remains a disadvantage of robotic‐assisted gynaecological procedures. A score that predicts the duration of such surgeries could be useful.MethodsA retrospective analysis of robotic‐assisted gynaecological surgeries in our institution were conducted. We assessed preoperative values such as body mass index, uterine size, previous abdominal surgeries, way of previous deliveries and pathology that led patients to the theatre and we created a preoperative predictive score, the ‘Iavazzo score’. Thereafter, we correlated this score with duration of surgery.Results57 patients were included. Mean ‘Iavazzo’ score was 7.96, while mean surgery and overall time were 140 and 208.8 min, respectively. Correlation between Iavazzo score and operation time was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Using median operation time, we found an area under curve of 0.86 and a cut‐off value of 7.5 for Iavazzo score.Conclusions‘Iavazzo’ score can be a useful predictive score that evaluates duration of robotic‐assisted gynaecological surgeries.
A novel regression method for the analysis of multireader multicase‐free‐response receiver operating characteristics studies
Authors: Liu Xueqing , Sun Jiarui , Zhou Xiao‐Hua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn diagnostic radiology, the multireader multicase (MRMC) design and the free‐response receiver operating characteristics (FROC) method are often used in combination. The cross‐correlated data generated by the MRMC‐FROC study leads to difficulties in the corresponding analysis, and the need to include covariates in the model further complicates the subsequent analysis. In this paper, we propose a regression approach based on three new measures with good interpretability. The correlation structure of the original test results is taken directly into account in the estimation procedure. The proposed method also allows the inclusion of continuous or discrete covariates. Consistent and asymptotically normal estimators are derived for the new measures. Simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach. The simulation results show that the regression approach performs well under a wide range of scenarios. We also apply the proposed regression approach to a diagnostic study of computer‐aided diagnosis in lung cancer.
A Digital Therapeutic for Management of Psychosocial Aspects of Psoriasis: A Pre-Post Proof of Concept Study
Authors: Fortune D. G. , Ravnkilde V. , Ryan S. , Ramsay B. , Clough S. , Richards H. L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Despite the psychosocial challenges of living with psoriasis many patients may not be able to access appropriate services to manage these challenges. Mobile health interventions may be helpful as a means to support patients in managing the impact of their condition.

Objective
To conduct a preliminary examination of the feasibility and acceptability of a bespoke psoriasis-specific digital therapeutic solution (hereafter termed Allay), and to provide initial data on psychological changes pre-post.

Methods
Phase one proof of concept pre-post study. Eligible patients were provided with Allay on their smartphone and assessed at baseline and at 12 weeks on a range of indices of well-being. Participants experiences on usability were collected by telephone interview at 4 weeks, 8 and 12 weeks.

Results
Out of 66 participants recruited, 59 persisted in using Allay after the familiarisation phase, and 34 participants completed the 12 weeks programme. Participants showed a statistically significant improvement between induction and the end of the 12 weeks programme on Quality of life, Resilience, Perceptions of ‘Overall impact’ of psoriasis, and ‘Emotional impact’. There was a significant change over the course of using Allay for symptoms of depression but not anxiety. While there was an interaction effect of changes in severity of psoriasis symptoms over the course of the study for dermatology-specific measures, there was no interaction between such changes in psoriasis symptoms and changes in depression, resilience or beliefs in emotional impact.

Conclusions
Study results suggest that the use of Allay as an adjunct to medical management of psoriasis may help patients improve resilience, mood, beliefs about their condition and enhance their quality of life. Given that this is a phase one proof of concept study, and our rates of attrition further research is necessary to examine comparative effectiveness and stability of these findings.
Effects of Preparation and Activation Manner on Surface Area of Hierarchical Porous Carbons Derived from Nut (Euryale ferox) Shell
Authors: Yu Wenhe , Zhang Haiyan , Liu Chenqi , Meng Kaiyue , Wu Xiaowen , Min Xin , Huang Zhaohui , Fang Minghao , Liu Yangai , Mi Ruiyu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHierarchical nano‐micro carbon spheres porous carbon composites are successfully synthesized derived from Euryale ferox shells by the in‐situ decoration of the porous carbon with carbon spheres from carboxymethyl cellulose under the activation of KOH. Effects of fabrication and activation manner on surface area of porous carbons were investigated. The influence of activation temperature, impregnation ratio and modifier were analyzed. The specific surface area, pore volume and average pore diameter of porous carbon was characterized by N2 adsorption isotherms. Porous carbon produced at 800 °C with an impregnation ratio of 3, 2 hours of carbonization time, 20 hours immersion time has been found 2506 m2 g−1, 1.515 cm3 g−1 and 2.4 nm of the optimum specific surface area, pore volume and average pore diameter, respectively. The result of Fourier‐infrared spectroscopy analysis of the prepared porous carbon confirmed that it has abundant functional groups on the surface. The scanning electron micrographs of the prepared porous carbon indicated that a well‐developed pore structure was formed during the experiment.
Single‐Atom Tailored Hierarchical Transition Metal Oxide Nanocages for Efficient Lithium Storage
Authors: Sun Baoyu , Zheng Wei , Xie Bingxing , Kang Cong , Zhu Jiaming , Kong Fanpeng , Xiang Lizhi , Cui Can , Lou Shuaifeng , Du Chunyu , Zuo Pengjian , Xie Jingying , Yin Geping 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMitigating the mechanical degradation and enhancing the ionic/electronic conductivity are critical but challengeable issues toward improving electrochemical performance of conversion‐type anodes in rechargeable batteries. Herein, these challenges are addressed by constructing interconnected 3D hierarchically porous structure synergistic with Nb single atom modulation within a Co3O4 nanocage (3DH‐Co3O4@Nb). Such a hierarchical‐structure nanocage affords several fantastic merits such as rapid ion migration and enough inner space for alleviating volume variation induced by intragrain stress and optimized stability of the solid‐electrolyte interface. Particularly, experimental studies in combination with theoretical analysis verify that the introduction of Nb into the Co3O4 lattice not only improves the electron conductivity, but also accelerates the surface/near‐surface reactions defined as pesudocapacitance behavior. Dynamic behavior reveals that the ensemble design shows huge potential for fast and large lithium storage. These features endow 3DH‐Co3O4@Nb with remarkable battery performance, delivering ≈740 mA h g−1 after ultra‐long cycling of 1000 times under a high current density of 5 A g−1. Importantly, the assembled 3DH‐Co3O4@Nb//LiCoO2 pouch cell also presents a long‐lived cycle performance with only ≈0.059% capacity decay per cycle, inspiring the design of electrode materials from both the nanostructure and atomic level toward practical applications.
Phylogenetic analysis ofEimeria tenellaisolated from the litter of different chicken farms in Mymensingh, Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Mohammad Zahangir , Dey Anita Rani , Rony Sharmin Aqter , Parvin Shahnaz , Akter Shirin 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundEimeria tenella is the most pathogenic intracellular protozoan parasite of sevenEimeriaspecies causing chicken coccidiosis around the world. This species is particularly responsible for caecal coccidiosis leading to serious morbidity–mortality and financial loss in poultry production.MethodsThe present study explored the genetic diversity ofE. tenella. Litter slurry was collected from 18 broiler farms located in Mymensingh district, Bangladesh. Litter samples were processed for oocyst isolation–identification using parasitological techniques followed by genomic DNA extraction from sporulated oocysts. For molecular analysis, theinternaltranscribedspacer1gene ofE. tenellawas amplified using species‐specific primers and sequenced. After editing and alignment, 263 bp sequences were used for analysis.ResultsGenetic analysis showed seven distinct genotypes and detected six single nucleotide polymorphisms among the 18E. tenellaisolates. The nucleotide and genotype diversity were 0.00507 and 0.8235, respectively. A phylogenetic tree was constructed with 66 sequences (seven studied genotypes and 59 reference sequences from GenBank database). The neighbour‐joining tree represented that the studiedE. tenellaisolates were grouped with referenceE. tenellaisolates with strong nodal support (100%) and the nucleotide sequences ofE. tenella,E. necatrix,E. acervulina,E. brunetti,E. maxima,E. mitisandE. praecoxformed separate clusters without any geographical boundaries.ConclusionsThis is the first study on the genetic analysis ofE. tenellafrom Mymensingh district, Bangladesh. These findings will provide baseline data on the species conformation and genetic variations ofE.tenella. Further extensive investigation will be needed to reveal the population genetic structure of this parasite and thus will facilitate the planning of effective control strategies.
The use of a whole inactivated PRRS virus vaccine administered in sows and impact on maternally derived immunity and timing of PRRS virus infection in piglets
Authors: Martín‐Valls Gerard Eduard , Mortensen Preben , Clilvert Hepzibar , Li Yanli , Cortey Martí , Sno Melanie , Barna Timea , Terré Marisa , Guerra Nicolas , Mateu Enric 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccination is usually based on administering periodically PRRS modified live virus (MLV) in sows throughout their life. Using this schedule, transfer of maternally derived antibodies to the offspring is limited. The aim of the present study was to test the concept of priming with an MLV and boosting with a commercial inactivated virus vaccine in sows to reduce PRRSV incidence and improve productivity.MethodsOn two farms, all the sows were vaccinated with a MLV vaccine at week 8 of gestation. Then two groups were designated, one group was re‐vaccinated in the third week prior to farrowing and using a commercial inactivated vaccine (the PG group). The second group was the control group (C). Assays for PRRSV infection and productive parameters were evaluated.ResultsFor both farms, the incidence of PRRSV was lower at 6 weeks of age in PG than in C (p < 0.05). At weaning the proportion of PRRSV seropositive piglets was higher for PG as well (p < 0.05). The litters from C sows from both farms showed a higher pre‐weaning mortality (odds ratio, C vs. PG = 1.18 ± 0.09;p < 0.05).ConclusionsAdministration of the vaccine in sows before farrowing was safe and associated with reduced incidence of PRRSV in piglets up to 6 weeks of age.