bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La méthode des prix hédonistes : principes et application à l'évaluation des biens environnementaux
Authors: Le Goffe Philippe 
Published: March 2022

The hedonic price method : principles and application to environmental goods valuation
Hedonic pricing analyses prices of differentiated goods with respects to their various attributes. Environmental applications of this method make the assumptions that the value of the environment is included within the price of housing or wages. A relationship between housing prices or wages in one hand, and their physical plus environmental attributes in the other hand, is considered with the aim of eliciting the demand function for public good and the welfare changes induced by environmental policies.
A theoretical model of implicit market was presented by Rosen (1974). The attributes of the goods are both introduced within the utility and bid function of the consumer, and within the cost and offer price of the producer. The hedonic price function is the geometric place of equilibrium between supply and demand for the various goods with different sets of attributes. In equilibrium, implicit price of an attribute derived from this function equals the marginal willingness to pay for the attribute considered. However, the market equilibrium assumption can be broken down due to lack of information, transaction and moving costs, or discontinuity in hedonic price function.
The initial single market approach for identifying the demand for environmental attributes consisted in estimating simultaneously the marginal bid and marginal offer price, in taking the implicit marginal price as endogenous. However a difficulty of the approach is coming from the simultaneous determination by the consumer of the attribute level and its marginal implicit price. In fact the two parameters are endogenous to the model. One solution would consist in working on data coming from separated markets. In case of environmental change, the individual welfare variation may affect the owner, the tenant or both of them, according to the length of the feedback, the expansion of the environmental policy and the moving possibilities of the households. In all cases this variation is limited upward by the hedonic price function change and downward by the compensating variation between the two environmental levels.
The estimation of the hedonic price function is constrained by many practical problems as definition of pertinent environmental criteria, consumer perception or expectation of environmental change, market segmentation. In addition, econometric problems should be emphasised : model specification and functional form, multicolinearity.
Finally, hedonic pricing is limited by methodological constraints, but also by the nature of values to be measured (use value only ) and the field of application (mainly urban). However, when applied to assets such as noise or air quality in town areas the methodology may bring satisfying results.
Gestion des forêts : rentabilité et durabilité sont-elles opposables ?
Authors: Terreaux Jean-Philippe 
Published: March 2022

La gestion durable des forêts, mise en œuvre de longue date sur une bonne partie des espaces boisés français, et préconisée actuellement par différentes instances internationales, a des impacts directs au niveau des différents paramètres de la sylviculture, par exemple sur l'âge de coupe des arbres, et en conséquence sur les résultats de la gestion.
Contrairement à de nombreux articles sur le sujet, au lieu d'opposer «durabilité» et «efficacité économique», en utilisant les arguments de l'un pour critiquer l'autre, nous montrons, en commentant un soi-disant «paradoxe» utilisé comme illustration, que les deux objectifs procèdent de démarches parfaitement logiques, mais fondées sur des hypothèses différentes. Cela permet d'éclairer le débat actuel, et d'expliquer les différences de gestion constatées d'une forêt à l'autre.
Mobilité des droits à produire dans l'Union européenne : conséquences d'un marché des quotas laitiers à l'échelle régionale, nationale ou communautaire
Authors: Barkaoui Ahmed , Butault Jean-Pierre , Guyomard Hervé 
Published: March 2022

Production rights mobility in the European Union. Implications of a milk quota market defined at region, country or Community level.
The duality theory framework and the concept of virtual price associated with a rationed good are used to analyse producer behaviour under output quota and to derive a formal model of tradable quota rights. The empirical application is based on a sample of dairy farms from the European RICA for the year 1991. The quota market is defined at various geographical levels corresponding to the region, the country or the Community. Policy implications are then discussed. In particular, we show that transaction costs on the quota market and positive or negative externalities due to farming are important considerations to take into account for defining an efficient quota transfer policy.
La négociation des normes sur les produits animaux : Une approche procédurale sur le cas du lait cru
Authors: Sylvander Bertil , Biencourt Olivier 
Published: March 2022

The negotiation of animal products standards : A procedural approach applied to unpasteurized milk.
The assumption on procedural rationality means, in the case of standards negotiation, that actors commit themselves to discussions without being able to maximize issues, but through a rational method. The procedure implemented in this article is related to conventions theory and allows to explain the emergence of a new convention - taking the example of unpasterized milk to produce cheese with a (fictitious) designation of origin called "Tome d'Ost"- as a new basis for an agreement between milk producers and processors. Milk producers have been initiators for this orientation in favour of an agreement on unpasteurized milk, due to the good perception that consumers have on this kind of products. Processors have been at the outset against this decision, but realized during the negotiation process that it was in their interest to accept it as part of a more comprehensive agreement aimed at building up good hygienic production conditions.
A matter of good taste ? Quality and the construction of standards for chocolate products in the European Union
Authors: Fold Niels 
Published: March 2022

Une question de bon goût ? Qualité et définition des normes chocolat dans l'Union européenne.
L'harmonisation des normes sur le chocolat entre pays de l'Union européenne est devenue problématique avec l'accession du Danemark, de l'Irlande et du Royaume-Uni. Les chocolatiers de ces trois pays étaient en effet autorisés à remplacer une partie du beurre de cacao par d'autres matières grasses végétales, connues sous le nom d'équivalents de beurre de cacao (EBCs), ce qui n'est pas le cas dans les anciens pays membres.
Les différences de réglementation constituent un véritable obstacle pour le bon fonctionnement du marché commun. Elle ne découlent pas seulement de problèmes techniques mais également de différences d'environnement économique et social qui se situent au niveau : i) des traditions de consommation et des conceptions de la qualité, ii) des structures de marché et des rapports de force entre les différents acteurs des filières nationales.
Dans cet article, l'auteur examine le positionnement qualité des différents acteurs de la filière, depuis les producteurs de matières premières jusqu'au consommateur. Il observe de quelle façon les différentes conceptions de la qualité sont avancées, contestées et reformulées, et montre que la norme résulte d'un processus de transformation d'un ensemble complexe de points de vue sur la qualité. La norme peut être considérée comme la formalisation, sous forme de règles ou de dispositifs réglementaires, d'un compromis provisoire, souvent asymétrique, entre les différents acteurs sociaux.
Alcohol consumption in European countries : time series based tests of convergence
Authors: Bentzen Jan , Eriksson Tor , Smith Valdemar 
Published: March 2022

Consommation d'alcool dans les pays européens : tests de convergence sur séries temporelles.
Au début des années 60, il existait des différences significatives dans la consommation d'alcool entre pays européens. Pourtant, au cours des quarante dernières années, l'Europe a vu des changements considérables dans la consommation d'alcool. Ces changements concernent, d'une part, les niveaux de consommation de boissons alcoolisées (par individu) et, d'autre part, la structure de cette consommation (c'est-à-dire les parts relatives de bière, de vin et de spiritueux). Parallèlement à la diminution des différences entre pays en ce qui concerne les niveaux de consommation d'alcool, l'augmentation de la part du vin de cette dernière est considérable dans beaucoup de pays. Cela reflète probablement une évolution des goûts des consommateurs vers une structure commune de leurs préférences. Dans cet article, nous utilisons les tests de racine unitaire afin de mettre en évidence si ces derniers changements reflètent ou non un processus de convergence. Les tests statistiques effectués sur des séries temporelles prises deux à deux indiquent qu'il y a très peu d'évidence en faveur de la notion de convergence absolue pour la consommation d'alcool dans les pays européens. En revanche, des processus de rattrapage, c'est-à-dire des différences en diminution dans les niveaux de consommation d'alcool, semblent un trait plus commun pour la consommation d'alcool en Europe, plus particulièrement dans les pays d'Europe du Sud. La notion de convergence stochastique est ensuite testée en appliquant un test de racine unitaire permettant des ruptures structurelles dans l'ensemble des données. La conclusion de cette partie de l'analyse confirme les résultats précédents, c'est-à-dire qu'une convergence stochastique n'est présente que dans environ un tiers des cas, et concerne principalement les pays de l'Europe du Sud.
Calculating shadow wages for family labour in agriculture : an analysis for Spanish citrus fruit farms
Authors: Picazo-Tadeo Andrés J. , Reig-Martínez Ernest 
Published: March 2022

Calcul des prix virtuels du travail familial en agriculture : une application aux producteurs d’agrumes en Espagne
Cet article s’intéresse au calcul des prix virtuels du travail familial en agriculture. En utilisant l’existence d’une dualité entre la fonction de distance d’inputs et la fonction de coût, nous employons la première pour dériver les prix virtuels individuels du travail pour un échantillon des producteurs espagnols d’agrumes. Nos résultats prouvent que le prix virtuel moyen, c’est-à-dire le coût d’opportunité du travail familial employé dans la ferme, est inférieur au salaire horaire moyen du marché payé pour le travail loué. Nous rapportons ce résultat à une stratégie de l’externalisation de beaucoup de tâches de culture actuellement poursuivie par les fermiers pour surmonter le problème posé par une taille moins qu’optimale de ferme.
Les paysages, une nouvelle préoccupation dans la gestion des espaces périurbains
Authors: Davodeau Hervé 
Published: March 2022

The emergence of landscape policies for peri-urban spaces
Despite the interest granted by public authorities to landscapes in local development procedures (a concept within the reach of everyone but also cross-disciplinary), an accurate analysis of concrete cases in the Pays-de-la-Loire reveals that the concern for landscapes, henceforth currently integrated at all the scales of public planning policies, is often used by landscape managers to justify their strategies. The landscape topic then often becomes conflicting and, for a geographer, clearly reveals the game of the actors involved. The assessment of landscape policies resorts less from their concrete consequences on landscape planning than from the representations they convey : the images applied by town planners to peripheral rural landscapes permit them to get hold of these peri-urban landscapes where leisure uses develop either against or with agricultural uses. In the process of identity reconstruction, landscapes can trigger either social reconstruction or social breakdown. The request for landscape and the political responses reveal the development of rurality in Europe and, more widely, the development of the social relationships with nature and the environment.
Cesser de s’alimenter pour contraindre une autorité : la grève de la faim comme pratique protestataire
Authors: Lecarpentier Damien 
Published: March 2022

Fasting as a means to constraining an authority
The origins of hunger striking can be traced in pre-Christian Ireland and in Ancient India, where this practice was often used as a legal ritual put upon a person from a higher rank to recover a debt. However, it is mainly from the 20th century that this way of protest developed throughout the world, under the influence of incarcerated Irish Republicans and the public fasts held by Gandhi. Though the situations denounced by this form of protest vary considerably, this paper shows that there is a link between the form of protest and its content. More than a mere denunciation of an injustice, hunger strike is also a means of highlighting a feeling of contempt held by the striker who cannot make his case and his voice heard. By fasting to death, the striker draws a parallel between his action and the situation he is enduring and shows that his suffering through the fast is somehow equivalent to the suffering due to the lack of consideration he has had. Hunger strike can therefore be seen as a means to testify this suffering and to authenticate the legitimacy of the striker’s claim. Hunger strike is also a powerful weapon as it allows the striker to embroil the authorities in a moral standoff where they are presented as accountable, before the public opinion, not only for the situation he is highlighting but also for the outcome of his fast as the key of the initiative is transferred to the authorities. Forced to answer, the authorities may try to counter the accusation. By taking the 1981 hunger strike as a central example, this paper finally shows the means authorities can use to deflect the burden of responsibility and to weaken the strike’s moral power.
La concurrence fiscale entre communes est-elle plus intense en milieu urbain qu’en milieu rural ?
Authors: Cassette Aurélie , Paty Sonia 
Published: March 2022

Is tax competition more intense in urban than in rural areas ?
The aim of this paper is to test the hypothesis that tax competition intensity is stronger in urban area than in rural area. We use the theoretical foundations of tax competition literature where horizontal strategic interactions are due to tax base mobility between local jurisdictions belonging to the same level of government. When tax base is mobile, an action chosen by a jurisdiction affects the budget constraint of another jurisdiction, leading to strategic interactions in local fiscal choices. As a consequence, tax rates in one jurisdiction depend on tax rates in the neighbouring jurisdictions. We then build a spatial model of local tax choices which takes into account the fiscal decisions made by concurrent jurisdictions as well as the local socio-economic characteristics such as tax base and population density in the explanatory variables. More precisely, we test the existence of horizontal fiscal interactions inside some different groups of jurisdictions by estimating the slope of each reaction function. We measure the sign and the intensity of the spatial lag parameter using spatial econometrics. We then rely these estimates to the features of each group of jurisdictions and more particularly to its classification in urban areas and in rural areas. We observe that jurisdictions belonging to urban areas tend to mimic each other whereas those who belong to rural areas does not take into account the neighbouring tax choices when they set their local business tax. Rural jurisdictions set their local business tax only by looking at their own socio-economic features.
Les cultures somatiques : usages du corps et diététique
Authors: Depecker Thomas 
Published: March 2022

The somatic cultures : The relationship to body and dietetic
The purpose of this article is to study the ways people understand the food advice from the French National Nutrition Health Program. It aims at highlighting the various conceptions of dietetic, and the related norms, from one social class to another. Analysis of the categories that the individuals are using to interpret health education (“ not too fat, too sweetened, too salted”, etc.) emphasizes the structures and the framework of food. The study is based on the analysis of food messages towards children. It finds out how parents (from four socially distinct elementary schools) deal with those messages. This article presents two main results : the ratio weight/ health/ dietetic, and the comprehension of health education’s advice.
La représentation du sucre à Bruxelles : sociohistoire des pratiques de lobbying auprès des instances européennes depuis le début du XXe siècle
Authors: Hrabanski Marie 
Published: March 2022

Representation of sugar in Brussels : Historical sociology of lobbying practices in the European institutions since the early XX th century
This article deals with the practices of lobbying made by some agricultural interest groups and their representatives in the “ sugar sector”, at the European level, since the early 20 th century until today. The study draws three distinct periods. The first shows how an international organization of European Beet Growers has been structured and represented its interests at the international level even before the political community of Europe. This first period laid the foundation for the next one, which begins at the creation of the EEC in 1967, and is characterized by a strong co-management between the authorities and industry representatives. The third period is concerned with transformations of lobbying from the 1980s, when entering the era of globalization and pluralism. Despite changes in the system of interest intermediation of the European Union (1992), the representatives of the sector will continue their strategies, based on the special relationship they have with representatives of the European Commission. At the same time, this last period highlights the importance of the address book in political processes, and is also characterized by the use of expertise by the Commission.
Hidden Costs Associated with Conversion from Peritoneal Dialysis to Hemodialysis
Authors: Weinhandl Eric D. , Saffer Tonya L. , Aragon Michael 
Published: March 2022

Key Points

The number of patients initiating peritoneal dialysis each year in the United States is steadily increasing.Accordingly, the number of people discontinuing peritoneal dialysis and converting to hemodialysis will likely increase in future years.The transition is defined by high rates of hospitalization and health-care spending. Outcomes after the transition remain relatively poor.

Background
Increasing use of peritoneal dialysis (PD) will likely lead to increasing numbers of patients transitioning from PD to hemodialysis (HD). We describe the characteristics of patients who discontinued PD and converted to HD, trajectories of acute-care encounter rates and the total cost of care both before and after PD discontinuation, and the incidence of modality-related outcomes after PD discontinuation.

Methods
We analyzed data in the United States Renal Data System to identify patients aged ≥12 years who were newly diagnosed with ESKD in 2001–2017, initiated PD during the first year of ESKD, and discontinued PD in 2009–2018. We estimated monthly rates of hospital admissions, observation stays, emergency department encounters, and Medicare Parts A and B costs during the 12 months before and after conversion from PD to HD, and the incidence of home HD initiation, death, and kidney transplantation after conversion to in-facility HD.

Results
Among 232,699 patients who initiated PD, there were 124,213 patients who discontinued PD. Among them, 68,743 (55%) converted to HD. In this subgroup, monthly rates of acute-care encounters and total costs of care to Medicare sharply increased during the 6 months preceding PD discontinuation, peaking at 96.2 acute-care encounters per 100 patient-months and $20,701 per patient in the last month of PD. After conversion, rates decreased, but remained higher than before conversion. Among patients who converted to in-facility HD, the cumulative incidence of home HD initiation, death, and kidney transplantation at 24 months was 3%, 25%, and 7%, respectively.

Conclusions
The transition from PD to HD is characterized by high rates of acute-care encounters and health-care expenditures. Quality improvement efforts should be aimed at improving transitions and encouraging both home HD and kidney transplantation after PD discontinuation.
Hyperplastic Endometrium Processes: Separate Diagnostic Curettage or Pipelle Biopsy?
Authors: Занько С.Н. , Лысенко О.В. 
Published: March 2022

В этой статье изложены вопросы, связанные с оказанием медицинской помощи при гиперпластических процессах эндометрия. Обсуждены парадоксы диагностики гиперплазии эндометрия в современных условиях в связи с приходом в практическую гинекологию новых методов исследования. Доказана и уточнена необходимость перехода на менее травматичные методы получения материала из матки. Обоснована и подтверждена своими результатами необходимость перехода в большинстве случаев вмешательств на пайпель-биопсию вместо диагностических выскабливаний и гистероскопии. В статье большое внимание уделено преимуществам и особенностям использования при проведении пайпель-биопсии различных типов аспирационных зондов белорусского производства и возможностям их дифференцированного использования при различных клинических ситуациях.Изделия апробированы, имеется длительный успешный опыт их использования в Республике Беларусь и за рубежом. Метод является эффективным, малотравматичным, доступным и экономически целесообразным.
This article outlines the issues related to the provision of medical care in case of hyperplastic processes of endometrium. The paradoxes of diagnostics of endometrial hyperplasia under current conditions in connection with the introduction of new research methods into practical gynecology are discussed. The necessity of switching to less traumatic methods of obtaining material from the uterus has been proved and clarified. The necessity of switching to Pipelle biopsy in most cases of interventions instead of diagnostic curettage and hysteroscopy has been substantiated and confirmed by its results. The article focuses on the advantages and features of using various types of aspiration probes manufactured in Belarus during the conduction of Pipelle biopsy and the possibilities of their differentiated use in various clinical situations.The products have been tested, there is a long-term successful experience of their use in the Republic of Belarus and abroad. The method is effective, less traumatic, affordable and cost-effective.
Micronutrient Support for Women of Reproductive Age (Literature Review)
Authors: Грудницкая Е.Н. 
Published: March 2022

В статье проанализированы данные о значении микронутриентной поддержки женщин репродуктивного возраста на этапе прегравидарной подготовки (в первую очередь железа, фолиевой кислоты, витамина Д, йода и докозагексаеновой кислоты), во время беременности и кормления грудью. Дефицит микронутриентов перед наступлением беременности и в период гестации повышает риск перинатальной патологии и неудачного завершения беременности. Именно поэтому начать дотацию поливитаминных комплексов крайне важно до зачатия и продолжить в период беременности и лактации.
The article analyzes data on the importance of micronutrient support for women of reproductive age at the stage of pre-gravidar preparation (primarily iron, folic acid, vitamin D, iodine and docosahexaenoic acid), during pregnancy and lactation. The lack of micronutrients before pregnancy and during gestation increases the risk of perinatal pathology and unsuccessful termination of pregnancy. That is why it is extremely important to start subsidizing multivitamin complexes before conception and continue during pregnancy and lactation.