bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coastal Community Preferences of Gray, Green, and Hybrid Infrastructure Against Tsunamis: A Case Study of Japan
Authors: Omori Yui , Kuriyama Koichi , Tsuge Takahiro , Onuma Ayumi , Shoji Yasushi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA decade has passed since the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami struck. Despite increasing awareness that concrete-based coastal infrastructure, such as seawalls, is not sufficient to protect against unfathomable events, engineering structures still play a significant role in fortifying coastal communities. Meanwhile, purely nature-based approaches (i.e., coastal forests) also have limitations against cataclysmic waves, and there remain uncertainties regarding their ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction functions (Eco-DRR). In tackling these issues, hybrid infrastructure, which combines both gray and green components, has received growing interest. However, little research has been conducted to evaluate the economic values of coastal gray, green, and hybrid infrastructures under uncertainties in terms of people’s preferences.Therefore, in this study, we aimed to (1) quantify the economic value of coastal ecosystem services, including species richness, landscape, recreational services, and disaster risk reduction, under uncertainties through choice experiments; (2) clarify the differences in preferences for preparations against long-cycle tsunamis between those who reside in tsunami-prone areas and those who do not, using a conditional logit (CL) model; and (3) discuss the heterogeneities in coastal citizen perceptions by comparing the CL and mixed logit (ML) model. As a result, this study highlights the importance of considering the heterogeneity of preferences. Furthermore, our respondents in the tsunami-prone group (TPG) valued the coastal defense function offered by gray more highly than the non-TPG, demonstrating an especially large gap regarding seawalls against short-cycle tsunamis (willingness-to-pay (WTP) values of 11,233 JPY and 5958 JPY, respectively). However, there was no significance for coastal forests in the TPG, reflecting the importance of disaster prevention function offered by gray infrastructure. In addition, the hybrid landscape (seawalls + coastal forests) received higher positive responses, 71.1% with WTP of 8245 JPY, than the gray landscape (seawalls only) with WTP of −3358 JPY, as estimated by the ML model. These contradictions and heterogeneities in people’s preferences may foreshadow the difficulties of applying hybrid approaches; hence developing synthesized both stated preference and other revealed preference methods is indispensable for providing strategic design of gray-green combined coastal defense and bolstering coastal realignment.
An Economic Analysis of Optimal Hybrid Infrastructure: A Theoretical Approach in a Hydro-Economic Model
Authors: Onuma Ayumi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis chapter features the functions of green infrastructure and gray infrastructure in a hydro-economic model and integrates them into a hybrid infrastructure. We show that adding green infrastructure to an existing gray infrastructure generates a new benefit, which is referred to as absorption effects. Using the model, we investigate the optimal hybrid infrastructure by maximizing the social net benefits, in which disaster risk reduction is defined. We then discuss how green infrastructure can be used to augment existing gray infrastructure from the perspective of economic optimality. We derive some conditions to determine whether both or either of gray and green infrastructures should be introduced to implement disaster risk reduction.
Flood Management Policy in Shiga Prefecture, Japan: Implementation Approach of a Risk-Based Flood Management System at Catchment Scale
Authors: Taki Kentaro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractShiga Prefectural Government uses “site safety level” to assess the flood risk of major floodplains in the prefecture in order to implement an integrated floodplain management system in society. Site safety level is determined based on a risk matrix expressing the relationship between the frequency of inundation and the degree of damage at sites surrounding a river channel complex. A department has been set up for floodplain management separate from river management. The Department of Floodplain Management promotes disaster mitigation measures, such as land use and construction regulations, and conservation of traditional flood control facilities, including flood prevention forests, open levees, and ring levees. Such traditional facilities are highly functional as green infrastructure because they are focused not only on disasters but also on a daily basis in order to wisely utilize local ecosystem service.
Wetland Paddy Fields as Green Infrastructure Against Flood
Authors: Muto Yasunori , Yokokawa Ryo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInundation simulation was carried out for an inland depression mainly covered by paddy fields to estimate its flood retention volume. In addition to surface water flooding, river flooding combined with it was also explored in a wide range of precipitation including a 1000-year return period. The results showed that the paddy fields in the studied area can retain approximately 60% of the total inundation volume. Judging from the relationship between the flood retention volume in the paddy fields and the number of inundated buildings above floor level, we could estimate two reference values regarding the potential volume of floodwater retention in paddy fields: one at which damage to the buildings starts to appear and the other where damage seriously expands in the main residential area. By using these reference values, we demonstrated the importance of land-use strategies in flood alleviation. In other words, by transferring buildings inundated between these levels to safer places, the potential volume of floodwater retention in paddy fields can be increased to a higher level, which well agrees with the concept of green infrastructure. The idea of flood alleviation deduced from this study can be applied to similar near-shore depressions cut off by sand dunes, which are common in Japan.
Microstructural Crack Tip Plasticity Controlling Small Fatigue Crack Growth
Authors: Koyama Motomichi , Noguchi Hiroshi , Tsuzaki Kaneaki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, we present a metallurgical–mechanical mechanism-based strategy for the design of fatigue-resistant metals. Specifically, we elucidate the importance of the metallurgical microstructure in a mechanical singular field (crack tip). The fatigue crack growth resistance is controlled through the crack tip “plasticity”, and the effect of the associated microstructure becomes significant when the crack is “small (or short)”. More importantly, the resistance to small crack growth determines a major portion of fatigue life and strength. Therefore, the microstructural crack tip plasticity is a key breakthrough to the development of fatigue-resistant metals. As successful examples of this concept, we introduce the effects of grain refinement, martensitic transformation, strain aging, dislocation planarity enhancement, and microstructure heterogeneity on small fatigue crack growths.
Free-energy-based Atomistic Study of Nucleation Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Defects in Metals; Plastic Strain Carrier “Plaston”
Authors: Ogata Shigenobu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPlastic deformation proceeds through the nucleation and migration of localized atomistic defects, i.e., plastons (e.g., dislocations, disconnections, disclinations, and shear transformation zones), as plastic strain carriers. Revealing the atomistic details, as well as the kinetics and thermodynamics, of nucleation and migration of localized atomistic defects is crucial for achieving a fundamental understanding and control of plasticity. Free-energy-based atomistic modeling is a promising approach for achieving this task. In this paper, recent free-energy-based atomistic studies on the nucleation kinetics of defects—particularly, (1) shuffling-dominant deformation twinning in magnesium, (2) dislocation nucleation from grain boundaries, and (3) homogeneous dislocation nucleation in nanoindentation—are introduced to demonstrate the advantages of free-energy-based atomistic modeling.
Nanomechanical Characterization of Metallic Materials
Authors: Ohmura Takahito 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMechanical behavior of metallic materials on nanoscale is characterized by using Nanoindentation and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) to understand the fundamental plasticity mechanisms associated with microstructural factors including dislocations. The advanced characterization techniques enable us to grasp the behavior on the nanoscale in detail. New knowledges are obtained for the plasticity initiation under the extremely high stress close to the theoretical strength in regions with defect-free matrix and pre-existing defects such as grain boundaries, in-solution elements, and dislocations. The grain boundaries act as an effective dislocation source, the in-solution elements retard a nucleation of dislocation, and the pre-existing dislocations assist a plasticity initiation. The deformation behavior associated with microstructures is also described. The dislocation structure with a certain density was observed right after indentation-induced strain burst, which is so-called “pop-in,” suggesting a dislocation avalanche upon the pop-in. It has been directly observed that the lower mobility screw dislocation causes the higher flow stress in a bcc metal. A remarkable strain softening can be understood by an increase in dislocation density based on conventional physical models. Phase stability for indentation-induced transformation depends on a constraint effect by inter-phase boundary and grain boundary.
The spectrum of boundary states in symmetric orbifolds
Authors: Belin Alexandre , Biswas Shovon , Sully James 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We give an explicit construction of the complete set of Cardy boundary states that respect the extended chiral algebra for symmetric product orbifolds. The states are labelled by a choice of seed theory boundary states as well as a choice of representations of the symmetric group. At large N, we analyze the BCFT data which is relevant for holography, namely the boundary entropy and the one-point functions of single-trace operators. In some cases, typical boundary states are compatible with a bulk description in terms of an End-of-the-World brane along with backreacted matter fields. We discuss the significance of these results for the AdS/BCFT correspondence.
Sizable time-reversal violating effects in bottom baryon decays
Authors: Liu Chia-Wei , Geng Chao-Qiang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We study time-reversal (T) asymmetries in the charmless two-body decays of antitriplet bottom baryons. We find that in Bb → BnP with Bb = ($$ {\Xi}_b^{-} $$

Ξ
b
−

,$$ {\Xi}_b^0 $$

Ξ
b
0

, Λb) and Bn(P) a octet baryon (pseudoscalar meson), the positive and negative helicity amplitudes are both sizable, resulting in the large T-violating effects. Particularly, the T-odd parameters, βw, for the color-enhanced channels are expected to be around −40% and 25% in b → s and b → d transitions for the standard model, which can be measured by the experiments at LHCb, respectively. On the other hand, in Bb → BnV(γ) with V(γ) a vector meson (photon), the decays are predominated by a single helicity amplitude, and the T violating effects by the correlations among spins are suppressed. We also explore the T violating observables for the Ξb decays based on the angular distributions.
Trefftz co-chain calculus
Authors: Casati Daniele , Codecasa Lorenzo , Hiptmair Ralf , Moro Federico 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe are concerned with a special class of discretizations of general linear transmission problems stated in the calculus of differential forms and posed on $${\mathbb {R}}^n$$

R

n

. In the spirit of domain decomposition, we partition $${\mathbb {R}}^n=\Omega \cup \Gamma \cup \Omega _{+}$$

R

n

=
Ω
∪
Γ
∪

Ω
+

, $$\Omega $$
Ω
a bounded Lipschitz polyhedron, $$\Gamma :=\partial \Omega $$

Γ
:
=
∂
Ω

, and $$\Omega _{+}$$

Ω
+

unbounded. In $$\Omega $$
Ω
, we employ a mesh-based discrete co-chain model for differential forms, which includes schemes like finite element exterior calculus and discrete exterior calculus. In $$\Omega _{+}$$

Ω
+

, we rely on a meshless Trefftz–Galerkin approach, i.e., we use special solutions of the homogeneous PDE as trial and test functions. Our key contribution is a unified way to couple the different discretizations across $$\Gamma $$
Γ
. Based on the theory of discrete Hodge operators, we derive the resulting linear system of equations. As a concrete application, we discuss an eddy-current problem in frequency domain, for which we also give numerical results.
Model updating using causal information: a case study in coupled slab
Authors: Tiwary Kunal , Patro Sanjaya Kumar , Gandomi Amir H. , Sahoo Kshira Sagar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractProblems like improper sampling (sampling on unnecessary variables) and undefined prior distribution (or taking random priors) often occur in model updating. Any such limitations on model parameters can lead to lower accuracy and higher experimental costs (due to more iterations) of structural optimisation. In this work, we explored the effective dimensionality of the model updating problem by leveraging the causal information. In order to utilise the causal structure between the parameters, we used Causal Bayesian Optimisation (CBO), a recent variant of Bayesian Optimisation, to integrate observational and intervention data. We also employed generative models to generate synthetic observational data, which helps in creating a better prior for surrogate models. This case study of a coupled slab structure in a recreational building resulted in the modal updated frequencies which were extracted from the finite element of the structure and compared to measured frequencies from ambient vibration tests found in the literature. The results of mode shapes between experimental and predicted values were also compared using modal assurance criterion (MAC) percentages. The updated frequency and MAC number that was obtained using the proposed model was found in least number of iterations (impacts experimental budget) as compared to previous approaches which optimise the same parameters using same data. This also shows how the causal information has impact on experimental budget.
Derivations with Values in the Ideal of $$\tau $$-Compact Operators Affiliated with a Semifinite von Neumann Algebra
Authors: Ber A. , Huang J. , Levitina G. , Sukochev F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLet $${{\mathcal {M}}}$$
M
be a semifinite von Neumann algebra with a faithful normal semifinite trace $$\tau $$
τ
and let $${{\mathcal {A}}}$$
A
be an arbitrary von Neumann subalgebra of $${{\mathcal {M}}}$$
M
. We characterize the class of symmetric ideals $${{\mathcal {E}}}$$
E
in $${{\mathcal {M}}}$$
M
such that derivations $$\delta :{{\mathcal {A}}}\rightarrow {{\mathcal {E}}}$$

δ
:
A
→
E

are necessarily inner, which is a unification and far-reaching extension of the results due to Johnson and Parrott (J Funct Anal 11:39–61, 1972), due to Kaftal and Weiss (J Funct Anal 62:202–220, 1985), and due to Popa (J Funct Anal 71:393–408, 1987). In particular, we show that every derivation from $${{\mathcal {A}}}$$
A
into the ideal $${{\mathcal {C}}}_0({{\mathcal {M}}},\tau )$$

C
0

(
M
,
τ
)

of all $$\tau $$
τ
-compact operators is inner, establishing a semifinite version of the Johnson–Parrott–Popa Theorem which is different from Popa and Rădulescu (Duke Math J 57(2):485–518, 1988, Theorem 1.1) and contrasts to the example of a non-inner derivation established in Popa and Rădulescu (1988, Theorem 1.2).
Ningmitai capsule promotes calculi expulsion after RIRS for 10–20-mm upper urinary stones: a multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Ruofan , Qiao Qingdong , Yang Dengke , Zhang Jianguo , Zhu Chaoyang , Sun Jiantao , Dou Zhongling , Wang Xiaofu , Zhang Huiming , Wang Wenhao , Xiao Fei , Cheng Hepeng , Lv Wenwei , Zhou Bo , Zhang Xiaofan , Li Wuxue , Zhao Xinghua , Hao Bin , Xu Changbao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of the use of Ningmitai capsule as an adjunctive stone expulsion therapy after RIRS. All patients were diagnosed with upper urinary tract calculi measuring 10–20 mm. The patients who successfully underwent RIRS were randomly assigned to the NMT capsule group (Ningmitai capsule, 1.52 g, three times daily) or the control group for 4 weeks based on the random number table method. The primary endpoints were the stone expulsion rate (SER) and stone-free rate (SFR). The average stone expulsion time (SET), average stone-free time (SFT) and complications were recorded. Between July 2, 2019, and December 17, 2020, 220 participants successfully underwent RIRS across 6 centers; 123 of them were randomized according to the exclusion criteria, and 102 (83%) were included in the primary analysis. The SERs on the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 28th days were significantly increased in the NMT capsule group compared with the control group (78.95% vs. 31.11%, 92.98% vs. 55.56%, 94.74% vs. 64.44%, 100% vs. 82.22%, respectively, p < 0.05). The SFRs on the 3rd and 7th days were not different (p > 0.05), while those on the 14th and 28th days were higher in the NMT capsule group (63.16% vs. 24.44% and 92.98% vs. 68.89%, p < 0.05). The average SET and average SFT of the NMT capsule group were remarkably shorter than those of the control group (p < 0.001). During the follow-up period, there were no significant differences in urine RBC counts between the two groups (p > 0.05). The urine WBC counts of the NMT capsule group were significantly lower than those of the control group on the 14th day (p = 0.011), but there was no difference on the 3rd, 7th or 28th day (p > 0.05). The analgesic aggregate of the NMT capsule group was also much lower (p = 0.037). There were no significant differences in adverse events (p > 0.05), and they improved significantly without sequelae. This study indicated that NMT capsules can significantly promote stone clearance and are more effective and safer for upper urinary calculi after RIRS.Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registration No. ChiCTR1900024151.Date of registration June 28, 2019.
Periumbilical Transverse Incision for Reducing Incisional Hernia in Laparoscopic Colon Cancer Surgery
Authors: Kim Chang Hyun , Lee Jaram , Lee Soo Young , Heo Suk Hee , Jeong Yong Yeon , Kim Hyeong Rok 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough off‐midline incisions (unilateral low transverse or Pfannenstiel incision) have been reported to have a lower incidence of incisional hernia (IH) than periumbilical vertical incision for the purpose of specimen extraction, it is most commonly used in laparoscopic colon cancer surgery because off‐midline incisions are associated with the limitation of colon exteriorization. This study aims to investigate the risk of IH after laparoscopic colectomy and compare midline vertical incision versus transverse incision focusing on the incidence of IH.MethodsPatients who underwent elective laparoscopic colectomy due to colon malignancy from June 2015 to May 2017 were included. All patients had either vertical (n = 429) or muscle splitting periumbilical transverse incisions (n = 125).ResultsMedian duration of the follow‐up period was 23.6 months, during which IHs occurred in 12.1% patients. The incidence of hernia was significantly lower in the transverse group (3 vs. 64, 2.4% vs. 14.9%, p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, BMI ≥ 23 [odds ratio (OR) 2.282, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.245–4.182, p = 0.008], postoperative surgical site infection (OR 3.780, 95% CI 1.969–7.254, p < 0.001) and vertical incision (OR 7.113, 95% CI 2.173–23.287, p < 0.001) were independently related with increased incidence of IH.ConclusionsA muscle splitting periumbilical transverse incision could significantly reduce the rate of IH in minimally invasive colon cancer surgery.
Nonlocal dynamic Kirchhoff plate formulation based on nonlocal operator method
Authors: Zhang Yongzheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this study, we propose a nonlocal operator method (NOM) for the dynamic analysis of (thin) Kirchhoff plates. The nonlocal Hessian operator is derived based on a second-order Taylor series expansion. The NOM does not require any shape functions and associated derivatives as ’classical’ approaches such as FEM, drastically facilitating the implementation. Furthermore, NOM is higher order continuous, which is exploited for thin plate analysis that requires$$C^1$$C1continuity. The nonlocal dynamic governing formulation and operator energy functional for Kirchhoff plates are derived from a variational principle. The Verlet-velocity algorithm is used for the time discretization. After confirming the accuracy of the nonlocal Hessian operator, several numerical examples are simulated by the nonlocal dynamic Kirchhoff plate formulation.
Sensitivitätsanalyse zu Infiltrationsprozessen in Böden
Authors: Brunetti Giuseppe , Schübl Marleen , Santner Katharina , Stumpp Christine 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungInfiltrationsprozesse spielen eine wichtige Rolle bei der Entstehung von pluvialem Hochwasser. Ob Oberflächenabfluss generiert wird, hängt unter anderem von bodenhydraulischen Eigenschaften ab. Ein zukünftiger verbesserter Schutz vor pluvialem Hochwasser basiert somit auf einem verbesserten Prozessverständnis zu Infiltrationsprozessen in Böden, um Bedingungen und Parameter zu identifizieren, die zu pluvialem Hochwasser führen und die entscheidend für die Vorhersage von Ereignissen sind. Deshalb wurde das Modell KINEROS für eine globale und lokale Sensitivitätsanalyse verwendet, um Parameter zu identifizieren, die den Oberflächenabfluss am stärksten beeinflussen und um den Oberflächenabfluss in Abhängigkeit vom anfänglichen Bodensättigungsgrad für verschiedene Niederschlagsmengen an 14 Standorten in Österreich zu berechnen. Die globale Sensitivitätsanalyse hat gezeigt, dass vor allem die Faktoren gesättigte hydraulische Leitfähigkeit und Oberflächenrauheit sowohl das Gesamtabflussvolumen als auch dessen Spitze maßgeblich beeinflussen. Die Verteilung und Intensität des Niederschlags hat ebenfalls einen großen Einfluss auf den Abflussprozess. Demgegenüber haben die Hangneigung und die anfängliche Bodensättigung einen moderaten Einfluss. Auch wenn der Sättigungsgrad weniger entscheidend war, zeigt die lokale Sensitivitätsanalyse eine nichtlineare Beziehung zwischen dem anfänglichen Sättigungsgrad des Bodens und der Gesamtabflussmenge, besonders bei den mittel- und hochdurchlässigen Böden. Es konnte klar gezeigt werden, dass hydrologische Modelle in Verbindung mit detaillierter, statistischer Analyse ein wichtiges Instrument zur Analyse und Bewertung der hydrologischen Prozesse und deren Unsicherheiten auf der Plotskala sind.