bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute Increase of Renal Perfusion Pressure Causes Rapid Activation of mTORC1 (Mechanistic Target Of Rapamycin Complex 1) and Leukocyte Infiltration
Authors: Shimada Satoshi , Yang Chun , Kumar Vikash , Mattson David L. , Cowley Allen W. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
The present study in Sprague-Dawley rats determined the effects of a rapid rise of renal perfusion pressure (RPP) upon the activation of mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin), and the effects upon the infiltration of CD68-positive macrophages/monocytes and CD3-positive T lymphocytes into the kidneys.

Methods:

RPP was elevated by 40 mm Hg for 30 minutes in male Sprague-Dawley rats while measuring renal blood flow and urine flow rate. Sham rats were studied in the same way, but RPP was not changed. Since initial studies found that the acute increase of RPP resulted in activation of mTORC1 (phosphorylation of S6
S235/236
), the effects of inhibition of mTORC1 with rapamycin pretreatment were then determined.

Results:
It was found that a 30-minute increase of RPP (≈40 mm Hg) resulted in an 8-fold increase of renal sodium excretion which was blunted by rapamycin treatment. Renal blood flow was not affected by the elevation of RPP. Activation of mTORC1 was observed. Significant increases in CD68-positive macrophages were found in both the cortex (intraglomerular and periglomerular regions) and in the outer medullary interstitial regions of the kidney and prevented by rapamycin treatment. Increases in CD3-positive T lymphocytes were observed exclusively in the periglomerular regions and prevented by rapamycin treatment. Upregulation of several proinflammatory markers was observed.

Conclusions:
We conclude that elevation of RPP rapidly activates mTORC1 resulting in infiltration of immune cells into the kidney.
How Shame and Guilt Influence Perspective Taking: A Comparison of Turkish and German Cultures
Authors: Söylemez Sinem , Koyuncu Mehmet , Wolf Oliver T. , Türkan Belgüzar Nilay 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Shame and guilt are negative social emotions that are sensitive to culture, and findings from past research have suggested that shame impairs perspective-taking cognitive ability more than guilt does. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is a lack of research that has considered culture and experimentally tested the effect of shame and guilt on perspective-taking. Taking an experimental perspective, this study aimed to examine how shame and guilt states affect perspective-taking performance in two different cultures (Turkish vs. German). Data from German and Turkish female college students provided support for the effect of emotional state and culture on perspective-taking, but there was no interaction between them. We discussed the results and possible explanations for them in light of the literature.
The Development of Theory of Mind in Saudi Children
Authors: Moawad Ruba Abdelmatloub 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Theory of Mind is considered a person’s ability to understand his or her own mind and the minds of others, it includes a social-cognitive skill with implications for many aspects of children’s life, such as social competence, peer acceptance and early success in school. The aims of this research were to study the development of Theory of Mind and to investigate differences in the performance of Theory of Mind tasks across age groups and by gender in Saudi children. 264 children, ranging from 3–12 years of age, participated in this study and were divided into three age groups. A Theory of Mind task battery was conducted individually, and the overall results indicated age and gender differences among our participants, as girls perform better than boys, and the older age groups perform better than they younger groups.
An Intercomparison of Antarctic NWP during the Austral Summer Special Observing Period for the Year of Polar Prediction
Authors: Schroeter Benjamin J. E. , Bindoff Nathaniel L. , Reid Phil , Alexander Simon P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The special observing periods (SOPs) of the Year of Polar Prediction present an opportunity to assess the skill of numerical weather prediction (NWP) models operating over the Antarctic, many of which assimilated additional observations during an SOP to produce some of the most observationally informed model output to date for the Antarctic region and permitting closer examination of model performance under various configurations and parameterizations. This intercomparison evaluates six NWP models spanning global and limited domains, coupled and uncoupled, operating in the Antarctic during the austral summer SOP between 16 November 2018 and 15 February 2019. Model performance varies regionally between each model and parameter; however, the majority of models were found to be warm biased over the continent with respect to ERA5 at analysis, some with biases growing to 3.5 K over land after 48 h. Temperature biases over sea ice were found to be strongly correlated between analysis and 48 h in uncoupled models, but that this correlation can be reduced through coupling to a sea ice model. Surface pressure and 500-hPa geopotential height forecasts and biases were found to be strongly correlated over open ocean in all models, and wind speed forecasts were found to be generally more skillful at higher resolutions with the exception of fast modeled winds over sloping terrain in PolarWRF. Surface sensible and latent heat flux forecasts and biases produced diverse correlations, varying by model, parameter, and gridcell classification. Of the models evaluated, those which couple atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean typically exhibited stronger skill.

Significance Statement
We evaluated the performance of six numerical weather prediction models operating over the Antarctic during the Year of Polar Prediction austral summer special observing period (16 November 2018–15 February 2019). Our analysis found that several models were as much as 3.5 K warmer than the reference analysis (ERA5) at 48 h over land and were strongly correlated over sea ice in uncoupled models; however, this correlation is reduced through coupling to a sea ice model. Surface pressure biases are communicated to the midtroposphere over the ocean at larger spatial scales, while higher resolution showed an increase in positive wind biases at longer forecasts. Surface turbulent heat fluxes produced complex correlations with other forecast parameters, which should be quantified in future studies. Coupled models that included an ocean/sea ice component typically performed better; providing evidence that the inclusion of such components leads to improved model performance, even at short time scales such as these.
Clinical value of O-RADS combined with serum CA125 and HE4 for the diagnosis of ovarian tumours
Authors: Wang Rongling , Li Xiumei , Li Shuqin , Fang Shibao , Zhao Cheng , Yang Hui , Yang Zongli 
Published: March 2022

Background Ovarian tumors (OTs) are common gynecological tumors in women. It is very important to correctly distinguish benign and malignant OTs. Purpose To assess the diagnostic performance of the American College of Radiology (ACR) Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System (O-RADS) and evaluate the clinical value of O-RADS combined with serum carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) and human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) in differentiating benign from malignant OTs. Material and Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 431 cases including pathology and clinical data. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn, and sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were calculated. Results In premenopausal women, O-RADS and O-RADS combined with serum CA125 and HE4 showed sensitivity at 92.2% and 94.8%, specificity at 91.8% and 93.4%, and accuracy at 91.9% and 93.8%, respectively. In postmenopausal women, the sensitivity of O-RADS, O-RADS combined with serum CA125 and HE4 was 94.8% and 95.8%, specificity was 83.9% and 93.6%, and accuracy was 90.5% and 95.6%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of O-RADS combined with CA125 and HE4 in premenopausal and postmenopausal women were higher than that of O-RADS ( P<0.05). Conclusion O-RADS has high diagnostic performance in OTs. When O-RADS is combined with CA125 and HE4 in the diagnosis of OTs, the sensitivity and specificity are improved, which is helpful to improve the diagnostic efficiency of OTs and has high clinical application value.
Participatory Design Application in Youth Sexual Violence and Abuse Prevention: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review
Authors: Willmott Taylor Jade , Mathew Alieena , Saleme Pamela , Rundle-Thiele Sharyn 
Published: March 2022

Youth sexual violence and abuse (SVA) are leading public health and human rights issues around the world. Prevention is key to reducing SVA rates and minimising resultant harms. Despite advocacy for more collaborative approaches, knowledge of how to effectively engage young people and key stakeholders in the design, implementation, and evaluation of SVA prevention programs is limited. This mixed-methods systematic review aimed to synthesise available evidence on participatory design (PD) application in primary and secondary SVA prevention targeting young people. A systematic search was executed across seven electronic databases. Eligible studies were peer-reviewed, published in English, reported primary or secondary SVA prevention, described application of PD or a related approach, and targeted young people aged 12–25 years. Quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Overall, 20 articles reporting 15 studies were included. Most (55%; n = 11) employed a qualitative design. Descriptions, methods, and scope of PD application varied across included studies. A lack of empirical evaluations prevented conclusions regarding the utility of PD application in terms of measured outcomes. The methodology, agent of change, training, and engagement (MATE) taxonomy was subsequently developed to describe and classify PD application. As illustrated in the MATE taxonomy, PD methods promoting agency, encouraging input, and facilitating empowerment are likely to facilitate more meaningful engagement of participants. Integration of participant and expert views, community consultation, and appropriate socio-cultural adaption appear to be critical determinants of program acceptability and feasibility. Empirical evaluations are needed to assess the relative utility of PD methods in line with SVA prevention objectives.
Meta-analysis of Comparative Studies Between Self- and Balloon-Expandable Bridging Stent Grafts in Branched Endovascular Aneurysm Repair
Authors: Nana Petroula , Spanos Konstantinos , Brodis Alexandros , Panuccio Giuseppe , Kouvelos George , Behrendt Christian-Alexander , Giannoukas Athanasios , Kölbel Tilo 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: Currently there is no robust evidence which type of bridging stent graft provides better outcomes after branched endovascular aortic repair (BEVAR). Self-expanding (SESG) and balloon-expandable (BESG) stent grafts are both commonly used to connect branches to their respective target vessels (TV). The aim of the current review was to evaluate the impact of the type of bridging stent grafts on TV outcomes during the mid-term follow-up after BEVAR. Materials and Methods: The study protocol was registered to the PROSPERO (CRD42021274766). A search of the English literature was conducted, using PubMed and EMBASE databases via Ovid and Cochrane database via CENTRAL, from inception to June 30, 2021, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Only comparative studies on BEVAR reporting TV outcomes related to BESG vs SESG were considered eligible. Individual studies were assessed for risk of bias using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach was used to evaluate the quality of evidence. The primary outcomes were primary patency, freedom from endoleak, TV instability, and re-intervention between BESG and SESG, used as bridging stents in branches. The outcomes were summarized as odds ratio along with their 95% confidence intervals (CI), through a paired meta-analysis. Results: Five out of 609 articles published from 2016 to 2020 were included in the analysis. In total, 1406 TV were revascularized, 547 (38.9 %) with BESGs and 859 with SESGs. The overall pooled primary patency (odds ratio [OR], 0.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29–1.09; p=.256, I2=4.24%) and freedom from branch-related endoleak (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.17–1.48; p<.122, I2=0.18%) did not differ between the stent types during the available follow-up (17 months, range = 12–35 months). In 4 studies (619 TV), SESG required fewer secondary interventions (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.23–1.83; p=.009, I2=0%) and TV instability rate was lower (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.33–1.65; p=.003, I2=0%) compared with BESG during the available follow-up. Conclusion: BESG and SESG seem to perform similarly in terms of primary patency and branch-related endoleak during the mid-term follow-up. Current data from retrospective studies suggest that overall TV instability and re-intervention rates are favorable for SESG as bridging stent grafts in BEVAR.
Retrograde Guidewire-Assisted Remodeling Technique: A Novel Technique for Endovascular Recanalization of Occluded Arterial Origins in Critical Limb Ischemia
Authors: Danışan Gürkan , Ateş Ömer Faruk , Taydaş Onur , Özdemir Mustafa , Küpeli Ali , Erkin Alper 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: The main objective of this study is to describe the retrograde guidewire-assisted remodeling technique (REGART), a novel technique, and assess its feasibility, safety, and effectiveness in the recanalization of ostial arterial occlusions without a visible stump in the critical limb ischemia (CLI). Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of 387 patients who underwent endovascular treatment (EVT) for peripheral artery disease between January 2020 and June 2021 was performed. Among these, 23 patients (14 males [60.8%]) with a mean age of 64.2 (range: 55–72) years who underwent REGART were included. Patient demographics, procedural details, and outcomes were noted. Results: The technical success rate was 95.6% (22/23). The angiographic success rate was 86.3% (19/22). The procedure-related complication rate was 21.7% (5/23), with 4 (17.4%) major complications and 1 (4.3%) minor complication. Conclusion: In the CLI, results of this trial suggest that REGART is feasible, effective, and with acceptable safety in the catheterization of occluded artery origins without a visible stump when conventional anterograde and retrograde techniques fail. Thus, the target occluded artery can be recanalized while preserving other arterial origins by minimizing dissection risk through subintimal balloon angioplasty at the bi-trifurcation level.
Velocity encoded mitral valve inflow cine: A novel and more reproducible method to determine cardiac rest periods during coronary magnetic resonance angiography
Authors: Markus Richard , Tandon Animesh , Fares Munes , Dillenbeck Jeanne , Greil Gerald F. , Batsis Maria , Greer Joshua , Potersnak Amanda , Zhang Song , Hussain Tarique , Avula Sravani 
Published: March 2022

A high temporal resolution, 4-chamber (4CH) cine is the standard method for determining cardiac rest periods during whole heart coronary magnetic resonance angiography (CMRA). We evaluated the image quality and reproducibility between the 4CH cine method and a novel approach using a velocity encoded mitral valve inflow cine (MVI). The goal of this study was to compare the quality of CMRAs utilizing MVI versus 4CH methods. Sharpness and vessel length for the LCA and RCA using each method were determined using Soap Bubble and two blinded observers independently assessed coronary image quality. Offline analysis on a separate, retrospective cohort (n = 25) was used to compare MVI and 4CH reproducibility. In the prospectively evaluated cohort there was no difference in overall vessel sharpness (4CH vs MVI mean ± SD) (31.0 ± 5.5% vs 30.5 ± 5.7%, p = .63), LCA vessel sharpness (30.0 ± 5.4% vs 31.1 ± 8.2%, p = .44), LCA length (4.7 ± 1.4 cm vs 4.6 ± 1.6 cm, p = .66), RCA vessel sharpness (32.1 ± 6.9% vs 31.1 ± 7.7%, p = .55), RCA length (5.51 ± 2.6 cm vs 5.95 ± 2.4 cm, p = .38), or image quality rating (2.66 vs 2.62, p = .80) between methods. In the retrospective cohort, the MVI method had 5.4% lower inter-observer variability (95% CI 3.7,7.2%, p < .0001) and 3.9% lower intra-observer variability (95% CI 2.4,5.4%, p < .0001) than the 4CH method. MVI is a technically feasible and more reproducible method to determine cardiac rest periods compared to 4CH while preserving vessel sharpness, vessel length & image quality.
Magnetic resonance image-based brain tumour segmentation methods: A systematic review
Authors: Bhalodiya Jayendra M , Lim Choi Keung Sarah N , Arvanitis Theodoros N 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundImage segmentation is an essential step in the analysis and subsequent characterisation of brain tumours through magnetic resonance imaging. In the literature, segmentation methods are empowered by open-access magnetic resonance imaging datasets, such as the brain tumour segmentation dataset. Moreover, with the increased use of artificial intelligence methods in medical imaging, access to larger data repositories has become vital in method development.PurposeTo determine what automated brain tumour segmentation techniques can medical imaging specialists and clinicians use to identify tumour components, compared to manual segmentation.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of 572 brain tumour segmentation studies during 2015–2020. We reviewed segmentation techniques using T1-weighted, T2-weighted, gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, diffusion-weighted and perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging sequences. Moreover, we assessed physics or mathematics-based methods, deep learning methods, and software-based or semi-automatic methods, as applied to magnetic resonance imaging techniques. Particularly, we synthesised each method as per the utilised magnetic resonance imaging sequences, study population, technical approach (such as deep learning) and performance score measures (such as Dice score).Statistical testsWe compared median Dice score in segmenting the whole tumour, tumour core and enhanced tumour.ResultsWe found that T1-weighted, gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted, T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging are used the most in various segmentation algorithms. However, there is limited use of perfusion-weighted and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Moreover, we found that the U-Net deep learning technology is cited the most, and has high accuracy (Dice score 0.9) for magnetic resonance imaging-based brain tumour segmentation.ConclusionU-Net is a promising deep learning technology for magnetic resonance imaging-based brain tumour segmentation. The community should be encouraged to contribute open-access datasets so training, testing and validation of deep learning algorithms can be improved, particularly for diffusion- and perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, where there are limited datasets available.
Improving Diagnostic Efficiency with Frequency Double-Trees and Frequency Nets in Bayesian Reasoning
Authors: Kunzelmann Alexandra K. , Binder Karin , Fischer Martin R. , Reincke Martin , Braun Leah T. , Schmidmaier Ralf 
Published: March 2022

Background. Medical students often have problems with Bayesian reasoning situations. Representing statistical information as natural frequencies (instead of probabilities) and visualizing them (e.g., with double-trees or net diagrams) leads to higher accuracy in solving these tasks. However, double-trees and net diagrams (which already contain the correct solution of the task, so that the solution could be read of the diagrams) have not yet been studied in medical education. This study examined the influence of information format (probabilities v. frequencies) and visualization (double-tree v. net diagram) on the accuracy and speed of Bayesian judgments. Methods. A total of 142 medical students at different university medical schools (Munich, Kiel, Goettingen, Erlangen, Nuremberg, Berlin, Regensburg) in Germany predicted posterior probabilities in 4 different medical Bayesian reasoning tasks, resulting in a 3-factorial 2 × 2 × 4 design. The diagnostic efficiency for the different versions was represented as the median time divided by the percentage of correct inferences. Results. Frequency visualizations led to a significantly higher accuracy and faster judgments than did probability visualizations. Participants solved 80% of the tasks correctly in the frequency double-tree and the frequency net diagram. Visualizations with probabilities also led to relatively high performance rates: 73% in the probability double-tree and 70% in the probability net diagram. The median time for a correct inference was fastest with the frequency double tree (2:08 min) followed by the frequency net diagram and the probability double-tree (both 2:26 min) and probability net diagram (2:33 min). The type of visualization did not result in a significant difference. Discussion. Frequency double-trees and frequency net diagrams help answer Bayesian tasks more accurately and also more quickly than the respective probability visualizations. Surprisingly, the effect of information format (probabilities v. frequencies) on performance was higher in previous studies: medical students seem also quite capable of identifying the correct solution to the Bayesian task, among other probabilities in the probability visualizations. Highlights Frequency double-trees and frequency nets help answer Bayesian tasks not only more accurately but also more quickly than the respective probability visualizations. In double-trees and net diagrams, the effect of the information format (probabilities v. natural frequencies) on performance is remarkably lower in this high-performing sample than that shown in previous studies.