bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mortality and adverse events of hemoadsorption with CytoSorb® in critically ill patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Heymann Marc , Schorer Raoul , Putzu Alessandro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe effects and safety of extracorporeal hemoadsorption with CytoSorb® in critically ill patients with inflammatory conditions are controversial.MethodsWe performed a systematic review with meta‐analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA) of randomized‐controlled trials to assess the mortality and safety of CytoSorb® therapy in critically ill patients with inflammatory conditions. Electronic databases were searched up to April 2022. The primary outcome was mortality at longest follow‐up and secondary outcomes included various adverse event (AE) outcomes. Conflict of interest and funding of each trial were assessed. We calculated relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsFourteen published (n = 764) and 4 unpublished (n = 111) trials were included. Eight trials were performed in medical ICU patients and 10 in complex cardiac surgery. Ten trials had significant industrial funding or an author conflict of interest. Hemoadsorption with CytoSorb® was associated with higher mortality at latest follow‐up (16 trials, n = 807, 120 of 402 [29.85%] patients in the CytoSorb® group vs. 98 of 405 [24.20%] patients in the control group, RR = 1.24 [95% CI, 1.04–1.49], p = .02, [TSA‐adjusted CI, 0.92–1.68]) and at 30‐days or in‐hospital (11 trials, n = 727; RR = 1.41 [95% CI, 1.06–1.88], p = .02, [TSA‐adjusted CI, 0.44–4.62]). Only one trial reported the definition of adverse event, while detailed results were reported in 3 trials; the risk of adverse events was not higher with CytoSorb®. Certainty of evidence ranged from low to very low.ConclusionLow certainty of evidence showed that the use of CytoSorb® might increase mortality in critically ill patients with inflammatory conditions. Adverse events were frequent but underreported and not systematically evaluated. Industrial funding and conflict of interest were common. Considerable uncertainty about the findings does not allow firm conclusions and suggests a need for high‐quality randomized trials to clarify mortality and adverse events related to CytoSorb®.Editorial CommentHemoadsorption with CytoSorb® have been used in critically ill patients despite lack of high quality data from RCTs suggesting any patient‐important benefits. The findings from this systematic review and meta‐analysis suggests an increased risk of adverse events including mortality. With no apparent benefits and at the same time risk of harm, use of hemoadsorption with CytoSorb® in daily clinical practice cannot be recommended at this time.
Tension‐free inguinal hernia repair with transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block in elderly high‐risk patients
Authors: Demir Halit Batuhan , Atalay Alev , Uc Can , Fırat Özgür , Ersin Sinan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundInguinal hernia repair is still being studied today because it is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in the world and is used in people of all ages. Although many centers use spinal anesthetic to treat inguinal hernias, complications such as hypotension from peripheral vasodilation, delayed mobilization from paralysis, urine retention and post‐spinal headache might occur. Regional blocks are a significant component of multimodal anaesthesia that promotes postoperative recovery. Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is a regional anesthetic block technique that is effective on the parietal peritoneum, skin, and anterior abdominal wall.MethodsThis study aimed to show that TAP block administration may be done safely without the use of an extra anesthetic treatment, especially in older patients who may experience complications from general or spinal anesthesia. Without either general, spinal or epidural anesthetic, we conducted a tension‐free — Lichtenstein — inguinal hernia repair operation with only TAP block application. This retrospective case‐control study received ethics committee approval (decision number 21‐5T/108). Between September and December 2019, patients who underwent elective Lichtenstein hernia repair in our clinic were evaluated retrospectively.ResultsWe think that inguinal hernia repair can be safely performed with only TAP block and that TAP block application has fewer anaesthesia‐related complications such as postspinal headache and urinary retention compared with spinal anaesthesia, and that it can be used as an alternative to spinal anaesthesia in patients who cannot tolerate general anaesthesia.ConclusionEven hernia surgery can be very challenging in patients with advanced age and comorbidities. We wanted to show the feasibility of the TAP block method as an alternative to anaesthesia in such patients.
A new ex‐situ machine perfusion device. A preliminary evaluation using a model of donors after circulatory death pig livers
Authors: Ghinolfi Davide , Melandro Fabio , Patrono Damiano , Lai Quirino , De Carlis Riccardo , Camagni Stefania , Gambella Alessandro , Ruberto Franco , De Simone Paolo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe herein describe a new ex‐situ machine perfusion device as a “technology spotlight” using a model of donors after circulatory death liver grafts procured from slaughterhouse pigs. Fourteen pig liver grafts were included. The device allowed stable perfusion in both hypothermic (n = 6) and normothermic (n = 8) conditions and no technical failure was observed. During perfusion, perfusate and bile samples were collected to assess liver metabolism and viability. An integrated adsorption device showed efficient removal of inflammatory cytokines during treatment. This preliminary experience represents the starting point for further investigations on the potential clinical benefits of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators adsorption during machine perfusion.
Developing a woman‐centered, inclusive definition of positive childbirth experiences: A discussion paper
Authors: Leinweber Julia , Fontein‐Kuipers Yvonne , Karlsdottir Sigfridur Inga , Ekström‐Bergström Anette , Nilsson Christina , Stramrood Claire , Thomson Gill 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionA positive childbirth experience promotes women’s health, both during and beyond the perinatal period. Understanding what constitutes a positive childbirth experience is thus critical to providing high‐quality maternity care. Currently, there is no clear, inclusive, woman‐centered definition of a positive childbirth experience to guide practice, education, and research.AimTo formulate an inclusive woman‐centered definition of a positive childbirth experience.MethodsA six‐step process was undertaken: (a) Key concepts associated with a positive childbirth were derived from a rapid literature review; (b) The key concepts were used by interdisciplinary experts in the author group to create a draft definition; (c) The draft definition was presented to clinicians and researchers during a European research meeting on perinatal mental health; (d) The authors integrated the expert feedback to refine the working definition; (e) A revised definition was shared with women from consumer groups in six countries to confirm its face validity; and (f) A final definition was formulated based on the women’s feedback (n = 42).ResultsThe following definition was formulated: “A positive childbirth experience refers to a woman’s experience of interactions and events directly related to childbirth that made her feel supported, in control, safe, and respected; a positive childbirth can make women feel joy, confident, and/or accomplished and may have short and/or long‐term positive impacts on a woman’s psychosocial well‐being.”ConclusionsThis inclusive, woman‐centered definition highlights the importance of provider interactions for facilitating a positive childbirth experience. Feeling supported and having a sense of control, safety, and respect are central tenets. This definition could help to identify and validate positive childbirth experience(s), and to inform practice, education, research, advocacy, and policy‐making.
A rhodamine B‐based colorimetric chemosensor for sensitive and selective detection of Cu2+: Test strip analysis and density functional theory
Authors: Heo Jae Sung , Gil Dongkyun , Lee Jae Jun , Kim Cheal 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe designed a rhodamine B‐based colorimetric chemosensor BHSO ((Z)‐3′,6′‐bis(diethylamino)‐2‐(2‐(((8‐hydroxy‐2,3,6,7‐tetrahydro‐1H,5H‐pyrido[3,2,1‐ij]quinolin‐9‐yl)methylene)amino)ethyl)spiro[isoindoline‐1,9′‐xanthen]‐3‐one) for detecting Cu2+. In the presence of Cu2+, BHSO caused a colour variation from colourless to bright orange. The limit of detection for Cu2+ towards BHSO was 0.73 μM. The binding of BHSO to Cu2+ was analysed as a 1:1 ratio through a Job plot and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. BHSO can detect readily Cu2+ with a test strip by colorimetric variation. The detecting process of Cu2+ by BHSO was represented by ultraviolet‐visible titration, electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry, proton nuclear magnetic resonance titration, Job plot and density functional theory calculations.
What drives spatially varying ecological relationships in a wide‐ranging species?
Authors: Pease Brent S. , Pacifici Krishna , Kays Roland , Reich Brian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimDecades of research on species distributions has revealed geographic variation in species‐environment relationships for a given species. That is, the way a species uses the local environment varies across geographic space. However, the drivers underlying this variation are contested and still largely unexplored. Niche traits that are conserved should reflect the evolutionary history of a species whereas more flexible ecological traits could vary at finer scales, reflecting local adaptation.LocationNorth America.MethodsWe used mammal observations during a 5‐year period from the iNaturalist biodiversity database and a local ensemble modelling approach to explore spatial variation in American black bear (Ursus americanus) relationships with eight ecological correlates. We tested four biologically driven hypotheses to explain the patterns of local adaptation. We evaluated non‐stationarity in ecological relationships using a Stationarity Index and tested predictive performance using an independent, national‐level animal occurrence data set.ResultsWe documented considerable spatial non‐stationarity in all eight environmental relationships, with the greatest spatial variation occurring in bear's relationship to climatic factors. Notably, the greatest variation in environmental relationships tended to occur along the current boundaries of the species' range, potentially representing the ecological limits to the species geographic range. We additionally documented that spatial variation in relationships with land cover and anthropogenic factors were best explained by niche conservatism at the subspecies level, whereas climatic relationships were better explained by local adaptation.Main ConclusionsBased on these results, we propose that the current distribution of American black bear is determined by an evolutionary legacy of habitat relationships unique to each subspecies combined with more fine‐scale local adaptation to climatic conditions. This result suggests that black bears should be adaptable to climatic changes over the 21st century and that management of habitat and human‐bear relationships could be considered at the subspecies level.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) modulates motor execution in a limb reaching task
Authors: Zandonai Thomas , Bertucco Matteo , Graziani Nadia , Montani Veronica , Cesari Paola 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe majority of human activities show a trade‐off between movement speed and accuracy. Here we tested 16 participants in a quick pointing action after 20 minutes (2 mA) of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) delivered at the supplementary motor area in a single‐blind crossover design study for testing the feedforward components in the control of action. tDCS stimuli were delivered in three randomized sessions of stimulations as anodal, cathodal and sham as a control. The task performed pre‐ and post‐tDCS stimulation, was to point as fast and as precise as possible with the big toe to targets having different sizes (2 and 8 cm; Width) and positioned at different distances (20 and 60 cm; Distance). An optoelectronic motion capture system was used to collect the kinematics of movement. The result indicates that individuals after receiving anodal stimulation decreased their movement time and increased their movement speed, while the opposite happened after receiving a cathodal stimulation. The scarcity of studies in this area invites us to plan a research that aims at the trade‐off especially in the clinical settings.
Prognostic significance of the clinical and radiological haemorrhagic transformation subtypes in acute ischaemic stroke: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: He Jinfeng , Fu Fangwang , Zhang Wenyuan , Zhan Zhenxiang , Cheng Zicheng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeThe aim was to investigate the associations of haemorrhagic transformation (HT) and its clinical and radiological subtypes with functional outcome, mortality, early neurological deterioration (END) and neurological complications in patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS).MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies on the associations of overall HT, clinical HT subtypes (asymptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage [aICH] and symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage [sICH]) or radiological HT subtypes (haemorrhagic infarction [HI‐1 or HI‐2] and parenchymal haemorrhage [PH‐1 or PH‐2]) with prognosis in patients with AIS was performed. PubMed, Web of Science and Embase were systematically searched. Random effects models were used to calculate pooled estimates.ResultsFifty‐one studies with 100,510 patients were pooled in the meta‐analysis. Overall HT was associated with worse functional outcome (odds ratio [OR] 2.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.55–2.90), increased mortality (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.52–2.30), END (OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.46–3.77), early‐onset seizures (OR 2.58, 95% CI 1.63–4.10) and post‐stroke epilepsy (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.11–4.49). For clinical subtypes, sICH remained significantly associated with the aforementioned poor prognoses except post‐stroke epilepsy, and aICH was associated with worse functional outcome but was unrelated to mortality. For radiological subtypes, PH (especially PH‐2) was strongly associated with poor prognosis. HI‐2 was associated with worse functional outcome, and HI‐1 was associated with a lower risk of mortality and END.ConclusionsRegardless of whether AIS patients undergo thrombolysis or thrombectomy, overall HT, sICH and PH (especially PH‐2) are associated with a substantially increased risk of worse functional outcome, mortality, END or neurological complications. The presence of aICH is related to worse functional outcome but is independent of increased mortality. HI‐2 impairs functional independence, and HI‐1 does not cause neurological impairment.
Social inequalities and gender differences in healthcare management of acute ischaemic stroke in France
Authors: Naouri Diane , Allain Samuel , Fery‐Lemonier Elisabeth , Wolff Valérie , Derex Laurent , Raynaud Philippe , Costemalle Vianney 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeThere are regional disparities in access to stroke units in France. Several studies have shown that living in disadvantaged areas is associated with a higher frequency of stroke, worse severity at presentation, increased level of dependency and higher mortality rates. However, few studies have explored the association between an individual's socioeconomic characteristics and stroke care. Our study aimed to determine if living standards are associated with stroke unit access for patients admitted to hospital for acute ischaemic stroke.MethodsUsing the EDP‐Santé French administrative database, all patients admitted to hospital for acute ischaemic stroke between 2014 and 2017 were selected. Acute ischaemic stroke corresponded to hospital stay with International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision codes I63 or I64 as the main diagnosis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify if standard of living was associated with likelihood of admission to a stroke unit.ResultsIn all, 14,123 acute care episodes were identified, corresponding to 335,273 episodes in the general population when appropriately weighted. Of these, 52.9% were admitted to a stroke unit. Being in the first (i.e., poorest) living standard quartile was associated with lower likelihood of admission to a stroke unit compared with the fourth (i.e., wealthiest) quartile, and was associated with a higher likelihood of paralysis and language disorder, and death at 1 year.ConclusionA low living standard was associated with lower likelihood of admission to a stroke unit as well as a greater chance of paralysis and aphasia at the end of hospitalization and a higher possibility of death at 1 year after stroke. Greater access to stroke units for disadvantaged people should be promoted.
Optimised protocol for the extraction of fish DNA from freshwater sediments
Authors: Thomson‐Laing Georgia , Howarth Jamie D. , Vandergoes Marcus J. , Wood Susanna A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Monitoring fish is necessary for understanding population dynamics, tracking distribution patterns and evaluating conservation efforts. Molecular techniques targeting environmental DNA (eDNA) are now considered effective methods for detecting specific species or characterising fish communities. The analysis of DNA from lake‐surface sediments (sedDNA) can provide a time‐integrated sampling approach which reduces the variability sometimes observed in water samples. However, studies of sedDNA have had varying success in detecting fish. The present study aimed to determine the most effective extraction method for recovering fish DNA from lake‐surface sediments.

A literature review was undertaken to identify DNA extraction methods used previously on aquatic sediments targeting aquatic and terrestrial animals. Five methods with various modifications were tested to establish their ability to desorb extracellular DNA. Based on these results, two methods were selected and optimised, and the recovery of fish sedDNA characterised using droplet digital PCR assays targeting eel and perch (Anguilla australis, Anguilla dieffenbachii, Perca fluviatilis). A range of sediment masses (0.25–20 g) were assessed to establish the optimal amount required to accurately assess fish sedDNA.

The DNA extraction methods found to be most effective at recovering extracellular DNA spiked into small sediment masses (0.25 g) were the DNeasy PowerSoil DNA Isolation Kit (QIAGEN), and the ABPS protocol which involved an initial alkaline buffer extraction followed by the PowerSoil extraction kit. For larger sediment masses (>0.25 g) the ABPS protocol or the DNeasy PowerMax Soil Kit (QIAGEN) with an additional ethanol DNA concentration step (PMET protocol) yielded the highest concentrations of target genes across a range of lake sediments. Larger sediment masses (≤20 g was tested) increased the likelihood of detection of fish in sedDNA. Optimisation of the ABPS protocol was required (65°C incubation temperature, pooling of multiple PowerSoil extractions) to overcome technical challenges related to co‐precipitation of organic content in lake‐surface sediments. This optimised ABPS protocol was called the “Lakes ABPS protocol”.

We recommend the use of the Lakes ABPS protocol as it is cheaper than the PMET protocol. Additionally, after the first extraction step, the process can be automated on a DNA extraction robot, allowing for higher sample throughput. A mass of 10 g is suggested, although higher detection is achieved with more sediment, a suite of challenges, such as co‐precipitation of organic content, are encountered when the amount is increased.

This study highlights the complexity of the extraction and detection of fish sedDNA from lake sediment, especially when it has a high organic content. We have optimised a DNA extraction method to overcome some of these complexities that can be applied to a wide range of lake sediments.
Anti‐inflammatory properties of lemon‐derived extracellular vesicles are achieved through the inhibition of ERK/NF‐κB signalling pathways
Authors: Raimondo Stefania , Urzì Ornella , Meraviglia Serena , Di Simone Marta , Corsale Anna Maria , Rabienezhad Ganji Nima , Palumbo Piccionello Antonio , Polito Giulia , Lo Presti Elena , Dieli Francesco , Conigliaro Alice , Alessandro Riccardo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractChronic inflammation is associated with the occurrence of several diseases. However, the side effects of anti‐inflammatory drugs prompt the identification of new therapeutic strategies. Plant‐derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) are gaining increasing interest in the scientific community for their biological properties. We isolated PDEVs from the juice of Citrus limon L. (LEVs) and characterized their flavonoid, limonoid and lipid contents through reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (RP‐HPLC–ESI‐Q‐TOF‐MS). To investigate whether LEVs have a protective role on the inflammatory process, murine and primary human macrophages were pre‐treated with LEVs for 24 h and then were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We found that pre‐treatment with LEVs decreased gene and protein expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, such as IL‐6, IL1‐β and TNF‐α, and reduced the nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of NF‐κB in LPS‐stimulated murine macrophages. The inhibition of NF‐κB activation was associated with the reduction in ERK1‐2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, the ability of LEVs to decrease pro‐inflammatory cytokines and increase anti‐inflammatory molecules was confirmed ex vivo in human primary T lymphocytes. In conclusion, we demonstrated that LEVs exert anti‐inflammatory effects both in vitro and ex vivo by inhibiting the ERK1‐2/NF‐κB signalling pathway.