bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Hereditary Nature of Adolescent Spinal Deformities
Authors: Zloof Yair , Ankory Ran , Braun Amit Elbaz , Braun Maya , Abuhasira Shlomi , Schwartz Naama , Yaari Dotan , Glassberg Elon , Shlaifer Amir 
Published: April 2022

Study Design.
A cross-sectional study.

Objective.
We designed this study to investigate the risk for spinal deformity among individuals whose parents had a spinal deformity.

Summary of Background Data.
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and Scheuermann kyphosis (SK) are common adolescent spinal deformities (ASD) with a significant impact on public health. Timely treatment with bracing is effective in halting or slowing the progression of these deformities. However, screening healthy adolescents for spinal deformities remains debatable. While the leading medical organizations endorse contradictory positions regarding the screening of the general population, there is a consensus that screening of targeted population should be considered. Due to their genetic predisposition, adolescents whose parents suffer from a spinal deformity may be candidates for targeted screening.

Methods.
We conducted a nationwide, population-based study of 611,689 Israeli adolescents, aged 16 to 19 years old, who were screened for spinal deformities between the years 2000 and 2019. The data for this study were derived from a central database containing medical records of all adolescents who were examined preliminary to mandatory military service. In our study, ASD were strictly defined by plain x-ray.

Results.
Compared with adolescents of whose parents did not have a spinal deformity, the odds ratios (OR) for ASD among adolescents whose father, mother, or both parents had spinal deformity were 1.46, 1.74, and 2.58, respectively. These ratios were consistent in multivariate models.

Conclusion.
We have found a considerable increased risk for adolescent spinal deformities among adolescents whose parents suffered from spinal deformities. We believe that our findings should serve the leading medical organizations when considering the screening of targeted populations.

Level of Evidence.
4
AOASM Position Statement on Esports, Active Video Gaming, and the Role of the Sports Medicine Physician
Authors: Franks R. Robert , King Dominic , Bodine Warren , Chisari Emanuele , Heller Alan , Jamal Faraz , Luksch John , Quinn Kate , Singh Raunak , Solomon Mary 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Electronic sports, or esports, has a global audience of over 300 million fans and is increasing in popularity, resulting in projected revenue of over $1 billion by the end of this past year. The global pandemic of 2020 had little to no effect on these increasing numbers because athletes have been able to continue to engage in sports because of its electronic nature and fans have been able to follow them virtually. Esports has been recognized as an organized sport by the International Olympic Committee, the US National Collegiate Athletic Association, and several secondary school athletic associations within the United States. In addition, professional teams have been established in several major cities within the United States, Canada, Europe, and Australia. With the growth of esports, the necessity of incorporating esports medicine into the practice of sports medicine physicians has become paramount. Esports can be played on a monitor or screen and played using physical activity in what has become known as active video gaming. Within both of these platforms, there have emerged certain conditions unique to esports. There are also certain conditions seen in other sports applicable to esports athletes. This document will review the evaluation of the esports athlete, introduce conditions unique to these athletes and review common conditions seen in esports, discuss diagnostics used in the evaluation of esports athletes, introduce treatment options for conditions unique to esports and review those for commonly seen injuries in esports, discuss prevention of injuries in esports, and introduce a framework for the future development of esports medicine that can be introduced into the daily practice of the sports medicine physician.
18F-FDG-PET/MRI texture analysis in rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Capelli Giulia , Campi Cristina , Bao Quoc Riccardo , Morra Francesco , Lacognata Carmelo , Zucchetta Pietro , Cecchin Diego , Pucciarelli Salvatore , Spolverato Gaya , Crimì Filippo 
Published: April 2022

Objective
Reliable markers to predict the response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) are lacking. We aimed to assess the ability of 18F-FDG PET/MRI to predict response to nCRT among patients undergoing curative-intent surgery.

Methods
Patients with histological-confirmed LARC who underwent curative-intent surgery following nCRT and restaging with 18F-FDG PET/MRI were included. Statistical correlation between radiomic features extracted in PET, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and T2w images and patients’ histopathologic response to chemoradiotherapy using a multivariable logistic regression model ROC-analysis.

Results
Overall, 50 patients were included in the study. A pathological complete response was achieved in 28.0% of patients. Considering second-order textural features, nine parameters showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups in ADC images, six parameters in PET images and four parameters in T2w images. Combining all the features selected for the three techniques in the same multivariate ROC curve analysis, we obtained an area under ROC curve of 0.863 (95% CI, 0.760–0.966), showing a sensitivity, specificity and accuracy at the Youden’s index of 100% (14/14), 64% (23/36) and 74% (37/50), respectively.

Conclusion
PET/MRI texture analysis seems to represent a valuable tool in the identification of rectal cancer patients with a complete pathological response to nCRT.
Abnormal cognitive aging in people with HIV: evidence from data integration between two countries’ cohort studies
Authors: Aung Htein Linn , Gates Thomas M. , Mao Limin , Brew Bruce J. , Rourke Sean B. , Cysique Lucette A. 
Published: April 2022

Objectives:
Previous research has shown inconsistent results on whether cognitive aging is abnormal in people with HIV (PWH) because of low sample size, cross-sectional design, and nonstandard neuropsychological methods. To address these issues, we integrated data from two longitudinal studies: Australian HIV and Brain Ageing Research Program (N = 102) and CNS HIV Antiretroviral Therapy Effects Research (CHARTER) study (N = 924) and determined the effect of abnormal aging on neurocognitive impairment (NCI) among PWH.

Methods:
Both studies used the same neuropsychological test battery. NCI was defined based on demographically corrected global deficit score (≥0.5 = impaired). Both studies also assessed comorbidities, neuropsychiatric conditions and functional status using similar tools. To determine the cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of age on the risk of NCI, a generalized linear mixed-effect model tested main and interaction effects of age group (young, <50 vs. old, ≥50) and time on NCI adjusting the effects of covariates.

Results:
Older PWH had 83% higher chance of NCI compared with younger PWH [odds ratio (OR) = 1.83 (1.15–2.90), P < 0.05]. Older participants also had a greater risk of increases in NCI over the follow-up [OR = 1.66 (1.05–2.64), P < 0.05] than younger participants. Nonwhite ethnicity (P < 0.05), having a contributing (P < 0.05) or confounding (P < 0.001) comorbidity, greater cognitive symptoms (P < 0.001), and abnormal creatinine level (P < 0.05), plasma viral load greater than 200 copies/ml (P < 0.05), being from the Australian cohort (P < 0.05) were also associated with a higher risk of NCI.

Conclusion:
Data integration may serve as a strategy to increase sample size and study power to better assess abnormal cognitive aging effect in PWH, which was significant in the current study.
Risk of subarachnoid haemorrhages and aneurysms in Danish People Living With HIV, a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Tetens Malte M. , Gerstoft Jan , Kronborg Gitte , Johansen Isik S. , Larsen Carsten S. , Weise Lothar , Dalager-Pedersen Michael , Omland Lars H. , Obel Niels 
Published: April 2022

Objective:
It remains unclear whether people with HIV (PWH) have increased risk of aneurysms. We aimed to investigate if the risk of subarachnoid haemorrhage, cerebral aneurysm, aortic aneurysm and other arterial aneurysms and dissections is increased in PWH compared with the general population.

Design:
We performed a nationwide population-based matched cohort study.

Methods:
We compared PWH with age-matched and sex-matched comparison cohort members to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRR) of subarachnoid haemorrhage, cerebral aneurysm, aortic aneurysm and other arterial aneurysms and dissections as well as surgery for these conditions.

Results:
We included all PWH, who were Danish residents and treated at a HIV healthcare centre between January 1995 and February 2018 (n = 6935) and an age-matched and sex-matched comparison cohort (n = 55 480). PWH had increased risk of subarachnoid haemorrhage (IRR 1.7, 95% CI, 1.1–2.6), but no increased risk of surgery for this condition. PWH had no increased risk of cerebral aneurysm or aortic aneurysm or surgery for these conditions. The risk of other arterial aneurysms and dissections was increased in PWH (IRR 2.0, 95% CI, 1.4–2.9), but this only applied for PWH who reported intravenous substance use as route of HIV transmission (IRR 18.4, 95% CI, 9.3–36.6), and not for PWH without reported injection drug use (IRR 1.2, 95% CI, 0.73–1.7).

Conclusion:
PWH were not at an increased risk of cerebral, aortic or other arterial aneurysms and dissections. Although PWH were at an increased risk of subarachnoid haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhages were rare among PWH.
Plasma Cell–Free Mitochondrial DNA as a Marker of Geriatric Syndromes in Older Adults With HIV
Authors: Johnston Carrie D. , Siegler Eugenia L. , Rice Michelle C. , Derry-Vick Heather M. , Hootman Katie C. , Zhu Yuan-Shan , Burchett Chelsie O. , Choi Mary E. , Glesby Marshall J. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Older people with HIV experience more comorbidities and geriatric syndromes than their HIV-negative peers, perhaps due to residual inflammation despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy. Cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cfmtDNA) released during necrosis-mediated cell death potentially acts as both mediator and marker of inflammatory dysregulation. Thus, we evaluated plasma cfmtDNA as a potential biomarker of geriatric syndromes.

Methods:
Participants underwent the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), frailty testing, and measurement of plasma cfmtDNA by qPCR and inflammatory markers including C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon gamma, and tumor necrosis factor alpha in this cross-sectional study.

Results:
Across 155 participants, the median age was 60 years (Q1, Q3: 56, 64), one-third were female, and 92% had HIV-1 viral load <200 copies/mL. The median MoCA score was 24 (21, 27). The plasma cfmtDNA level was higher in those with cognitive impairment (MoCA <23) (P = 0.02 by the t test) and remained significantly associated with cognitive impairment in a multivariable logistic regression model controlling for age, sex, race, CD4 T-cell nadir, HIV-1 viremia, and depression. Two-thirds of participants met the criteria for a prefrail or frail state; higher plasma cfmtDNA was associated with slow walk and exhaustion but not overall frailty state. Cognitive dysfunction was not associated with C-reactive protein, IL-6, interferon gamma, or tumor necrosis factor alpha, and frailty state was only associated with IL-6.

Conclusions:
Plasma cfmtDNA may have a role as a novel biomarker of cognitive dysfunction and key components of frailty. Longitudinal investigation of cfmtDNA is warranted to assess its utility as a biomarker of geriatric syndromes in older people with HIV.
Aerodynamic study of low Reynolds number airfoil and mini-unmanned aerial vehicle in simulated rain environment
Authors: V. Somashekar , A. Immanuel Selwynraj 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
Rainfall is one of the main atmospheric conditions that significantly affect the aerodynamic performance of the low Reynolds number flights. In this paper, the adverse effects of rain on the aerodynamic performance of a two-dimensional (2D) airfoil with a chord-based low Reynolds number of 2 × 105 and the mini-unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for various flight conditions, i.e. 0°–40° at Mach number 0.04 were studied numerically. The purpose of this study is to explore the aerodynamic penalties that affect the liquid water content (LWC = 5.33) of the airfoil and UAV performance in rain under different flying conditions.

Design/methodology/approach
The Eulerian–Lagrangian two-phase flow method is adopted to simulate the rain environment over an airfoil and mini-UAV aerodynamic performances. The Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes equations are considered to solve the time-averaged equations of motion for fluid flow.

Findings
The effect of rainfall on the airfoil and mini-UAV is studied numerically and validated experimentally. For 2D airfoil, the lift and drag coefficients for both numerical and experimental results show a very good correlation at Reynolds number 2 × 105. For three-dimensional (3D) mini-UAV, the lift and drag coefficients for both numerical and experimental results show a very good correlation at Mach number 0.04. The raindrops distribution around the airfoil, premature trailing edge separation, boundary-layer velocity profiles at five different chord positions (i.e. LE, 0.25c, 0.5c, 0.75c and 0.98c) on the upper surface of the airfoil, water film height and the location of rivulet formation on the upper surface of the airfoil are also presented.

Originality/value
For 2D airfoil, the recorded maximum variation of the coefficient of lift and lift-to-drag (L/D) ratio is observed to be 5.33% at an 8° and 10.53% at a 4° angle of attack (AOA) between numerical and experimental results under the influence of rainfall effect for LWC = 5.33. The L/D ratio percentage degradation is seen to be 61.9% at an AOA of 0°–2° for the rain environment. For 3D mini-UAV, the recorded maximum variation of the coefficient of lift and L/D ratio are observed to be 2.84% and 4.60% at a 30° stall AOA under the influence of rainfall effect for LWC = 5.33. The numerical results are impressively in agreement with the experimental results. UAV designers will benefit from the findings presented in this paper. This will be also helpful for training the pilots to control the airplanes in a rain environment.
Executive competencies and individual ambidexterity: shaping late-career transition to Canada’s recreational cannabis industry
Authors: McPhee Deborah M. , Schlosser Francine K. 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThe authors contribute to scholarship on motivation for late-career transition, by examining how older executives drew on individual ambidexterity (IA) in the stigmatized, Canadian-licensed recreational cannabis industry.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology utilizes a qualitative method, utilizing semi-structured interviews with 15 late-career executives. Inductive examination of data uncovered subthemes related to motivations for late-career transition, exploring and exploiting competencies, and known and unknown boundary conditions.FindingsMotivations explained the impetus to join, while ambidexterity allowed executives to employ explorative and exploitive competencies to weather boundary conditions. Late-career transitioning to a stigmatized emerging industry presents an unprecedented mode of bridging employment for older workers.Research limitations/implicationsThis small exploratory study of a nascent industry is limited in its generalization across different contexts but relevant to others in cannabis and other emerging industries. Increased focus on Human resources management (HRM) related research on late-career transition due to limited studies and IA.Practical implicationsCannabis can be a risky employment venture for older workers that may affect future job prospects due to stigmatized views or present devastating financial risk. Older workers with knowledge, experience and skill remain relevant utilizing IA and their ability to manage difficult boundary conditions. Older experienced workers can bridge novel new opportunities before retiring.Originality/valueThe authors incorporated IA, expanding on literature related to boundary conditions in the late-career transition of executives into stigmatized recreational Cannabis. The authors introduce a new mode of bridge employment for late-career workers.
Issue-based environmental sustainability factors in Nigeria’s oil and gas industry: the perspectives of academics
Authors: Jeremiah Mfon Solomon , Woldesenbet Beta Kassa , Etim Raphael S. 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
This study aims to develop a framework that enables the identification of sustainability factors from industry-specific environmental issues, and it proposes that these factors, in turn, can influence the corporate environmental performance (CEP) of firms in such an industry. It also validates the factor identification aspect of the framework.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper starts by reviewing relevant literature extensively and then developing an issue-based environmental sustainability framework to highlight the structural relationship of industry-specific sustainability factors with CEP. By involving 131 participants from academics in Niger Delta, the paper uses exploratory factor analysis techniques to reduce industry-specific sustainability factors from several environmental and socio-economic issues in the Nigerian oil and gas (O&G) industry.

Findings
Environmental risk originates from business environmental issues, and it triggers community reaction, which impacts negatively on corporate image. The nature of firm’s strategic responsiveness to these factors determines CEP.

Research limitations/implications
The study draws from the perspectives of academics on environmental issues in Niger Delta to validate the factor identification aspect of the framework. The views of other stakeholders are not included, and hence, it should be applied with caution.

Practical implications
Useful in identifying and managing industry-specific environmental issues, and thus, achieving some sustainable development objectives.

Originality/value
Although most previous studies have focused on generic CEP drivers, this study proposes sustainability factors that can originate from industry-specific environmental issues as crucial drivers of CEP in such an industry. It provides empirical evidence of such credible sustainability factors emerging from the Nigerian O&G industry’s environmental issues.
Are satisfied employees less inclined to quit? Moderating effects of human capital and abusive supervision
Authors: Wei Yu-Chen 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThe study investigates the moderating effect of individual human capital in the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention. In addition, the moderating effect of abusive supervision on moderation by individual human capital was considered.Design/methodology/approachThis study used cross-sectional, self-reported data from 133 human resource specialists and their supervisors, who responded to a matching dyad survey.FindingsThe study found that human capital moderated the negative effects of job satisfaction on turnover intention. The results also verified the moderated moderating effect of abusive supervision on the interaction effect of human capital and job satisfaction on turnover intention. More specifically, the moderating effect of human capital on the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention was more pronounced when employees perceived high levels of abusive supervision.Originality/valueThe study developed a moderated moderation model to understand the risk of human capital and abusive supervision for an organization and provided a new perspective indicating that job satisfaction is a key determinant in retaining low-human capital employees but not high-human capital employees. Accordingly, companies may strategically choose to employ suitable employees, rather than star employees. In addition, talent management should focus beyond reward/compensation and prevent negative leadership behaviors.
Critical barriers to prevention through design in construction in Developing Countries: a qualitative inquiry
Authors: Umeokafor Nnedinma , Windapo Abimbola Olukemi , Manu Patrick , Diugwu Ikechukwu , Haroglu Hasan 
Published: April 2022

PurposeGiven the complexities in improving safety in the construction industry globally, which is exacerbated by the complex safety environment in developing countries (DCs), prevention through design (PtD) has been established to improve occupational safety and health (OSH) where applied. However, it has received very little attention in DCs and the extant literature with limitations. Using Nigeria as a case study, the current study advances the understanding of PtD in DCs by investigating the critical barriers to PtD and other potential OSH responsibilities of designers in the construction industry.Design/methodology/approachTwenty-eight semi-structured interviews and e-interviews of architects, builders and civil engineers in Nigeria were analysed using the six-phase thematic analysis. To improve the trustworthiness of the research, triangulation, peer-debriefing, refining the interview protocol and thick detailed description were done.FindingsThe study's findings question the extant general knowledge and understanding of PtD among clients and designers and its technical aspect among designers where it is skewed to structural safety and omitted in universities' curricula. This explains the inconclusive findings of existing studies on why there is a high level of awareness of PtD but a low level of implementation. There is little client support for PtD, and designers have limited influence on clients in terms of it. The fear of liability from PtD is exacerbated by the limited legal system and lack of adequate legislation in the country. The demotivating attitudes of clients and contractors towards designers in terms of PtD are also reported, just as there are project delivery barriers such as traditional procurement not supporting PtD as design and build procurement does.Social implicationsFor the sustainable growth in the practice of PtD, the increased and improved quality of education and awareness of PtD is needed but this must focus on instilling a robust understanding of it among designers based on the local context. This educational requirement can be supported by statute.Originality/valueThrough qualitative data, the findings explain and offer insight into the inconclusive findings in the extant studies on PtD in Nigeria. Also, it contributes to improving health and safety by advancing the understanding of the critical barriers to PtD and other potential OSH responsibilities of designers in D Nigeria's construction using qualitative data.