bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CRISPR screens reveal neuropeptide signaling orchestrates T helper cell differentiation
Authors: Kuchroo Vijay , Hou Yu , LaFleur Martin , Huang Linglin , Lambden Conner , Thakore Pratiksha , Geiger-Schuller Kathryn , Tang Ruihan , Shi Jingwen , Barilla Rocky , Subramanian Ayshwarya , Wallrapp Antonia , Choi Hee Sun , Kye Yoon-Chul , Ashenbrg Orr , Schiebinger Geoffrey , Doench John , Regev Aviv , Sharpe Arlene 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

The balance between T helper type 1 (Th1) cells and other Th cells is critical for antiviral and anti-tumor responses, but how this fine balance is achieved remains poorly understood. Here, we dissected the dynamic regulation of Th1 cell differentiation during in vitro polarization, as well as in vivo differentiation upon acute viral infection, using scRNA-seq and multiple in vitro and in vivo CRISPR screens. We confirmed the role of known regulators and identified 5 novel regulators for Th1 differentiation. Among the novel regulators the neuropeptide receptor RAMP3, which is a component of the receptor for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), plays a cell-intrinsic role in Th1 cell-fate determination. Using a unique Th1/Th2 dichotomous culture system, we identified that RAMP3-CGRP interaction directly restricted the differentiation of Th2 cells but promoted Th1 differentiation through activation of downstream cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling in T cells. Mechanistically, RAMP3 and cAMP signaling resulted in global changes in chromatin accessibility, blocking Th2 genes and specific induction of Th1 programs through activation of IFNγ-STAT1 pathway. Furthermore, both CGRP and RAMP3 were required for inducing effective anti-viral T cell responses to control acute viral infection. Our work reveals a novel neuro-immune circuit in which tissue itself participates in T cell fate determination by producing a neuropeptide during acute viral infection, which acts on RAMP3 expressing T cells to induce an effective anti-viral Th1 response.
Effect of non-protein amino acids β-amino butyric acid (BABA) on the intestinal G- bacterial community
Authors: Al-Dulaimy Eman Ahmed , Jasim Mohammed Abbas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study was conducted in the animal house of the College of Education for Girls, to investigate the effect of beta-amino butyric acid (BABA) on the microorganisms in the digestive system of mice. The bacteria present in the stool were isolated and diagnosed. And that intestinal bacteria have an effective role in influencing human health. However, few factors that affect the bacteria in the digestive system are known. Despite the increase in the number of microbial communities colonizing the gastrointestinal tract, many of these bacteria have been found to possess virulence factors that can negatively affect the host organism and protect it from prevailing antibiotics. BABA) was used with four treatments (100, 200, 300, 0) mg/kg animal weight denoted by A, B, C, and D. Male rats were immersed orally in four doses per week, and the results showed that the amino acid effectively affected On the intestinal bacterial community, where the third concentration of the fourth dose gave the lowest rate of the number of bacterial isolates, which led to the elimination of a large number of them, followed by the second concentration and then the first compared to the comparison treatment that achieved the highest rate of the number of isolates. While histidine had no negative effect on the Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4), the results showed that TLR4 was a normal receptor.
Species interactions, stability, and resilience of the gut microbiota - helminth assemblage in horses
Authors: Boisseau Michel , Dhorne-Pollet Sophie , Bars-Cortina David , Courtot Élise , Serreau Delphine , Annonay Gwenolah , Lluch Jérôme , Gesbert Amandine , Reigner Fabrice , Sallé Guillaume , Mach Núria 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

The nature and strength of interactions entertained among helminths and their host gut microbiota remain largely unexplored.
Using 40 naturally infected Welsh ponies, we tracked the gut microbiota-cyathostomin temporal dynamics during parasite community removal and reassembly, and the associated host immune response. Infected ponies harboured 14 species of cyathostomins, overwhelmed by the abundance of Cylicocyclus nassatus. Parasite carriers exhibited gut environment modifications, higher Shannon entropy and orderly rearrangements of prokaryotic assemblages, with protective Clostridia species contributing to the successional nemabiome-microbiota crosstalk. Yet, the gut ecosystem was remarkably stable, and the host systemic response defined enrichment for B-cell activation and IgA production without corresponding changes in parasite burdens. Therefore, Clostridia microbial protection likely reduced fluctuating dynamics between the microbiota-parasite-host triad and favoured parasite tolerance.
The system stability was disrupted by pyrantel treatment and parasite removal, with dire early consequences on the gut environment, microbiota diversity, and cytokine networks while highlighting the detrimental effect of cyathostomin burdens on Enterococcus spp. Both ecological communities were highly resilient to disturbance and recovered their pre-treatment compositions but for Cylicostephanus longibursatus in the parasite community. However, gut microbiotas failed to restore their original stability and shifted towards an interacting unstable state, with transient coexistence between Clostridia and core bacterial taxa, e.g. Fibrobacter and Prevotella, evoking their crucial role as stabilising forces for this new equilibrium.
These observations highlight how anthelmintic treatment alters the gut microbiota stability and open new perspectives for adding nutritional intervention to current parasite management strategies in the field.
Generalization of Quartic and Quintic Calabi – Yau Manifolds Fibered by Polarized K3 Surfaces
Authors: Bhattacharjee Deep 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
I will present Calabi-Yau manifolds emphasizing quartic and quintic variety considering Bogomolov-Gieseker Inequality with two specific types of Clifford inequality for associated fibers by Polarized K3 surfaces with the case considered upon threefolds. Generalizations have been made to a different form of quintics with coordinates and associated mirrors for the hypersurface being concerned with taking multi-homogeneous polynomials where necessary. Minimal Calabi-Yau threefold considered for fiber varieties I0, I+, II0, II+, III, 0.
Selective Image segmentation driven by region, edge and saliency functions
Authors: Soomro Shafiullah , Soomro Toufique Ahmed , Niaz Asim , Choi Kwang Nam 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a novel level set method based on selective homogeneous and inhomogeneous object segmentationdriven by an image region, edge and saliency functions. Initially, we adapt an intensity edge term based on the zero crossingfeature detector (ZCD), which is used to highlight significant edges of an image. Secondly, a saliency function is formulatedto detect salient regions from an image. We have also included a globally tuned region based SPF (signed pressure force)term to move contour away and capture homogeneous regions. ZCD, saliency and global SPF are jointly incorporated withsome scaled value for the level set evolution to develop an effective image segmentation model. Moreover, proposed method iscapable to perform selective object segmentation, which enables us to choose any single or multiple objects inside an image.Saliency function and ZCD detector are considered feature enhancement tools, which are used to get important features of animage, so this method has a solid capacity to segment nature images (homogeneous or inhomogeneous) precisely. Finally, theadaption of the Gaussian kernel removes the need of any penalization term for level set reinitialization. Experimental resultswill exhibit the efficiency of the proposed method.
Identifying Caregiver Availability Using Medical Notes With Rule-Based Natural Language Processing: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Mahmoudi Elham , Wu Wenbo , Najarian Cyrus , Aikens James , Bynum Julie , Vydiswaran V G Vinod 
Published: August 2022

Background
Identifying caregiver availability, particularly for patients with dementia or those with a disability, is critical to informing the appropriate care planning by the health systems, hospitals, and providers. This information is not readily available, and there is a paucity of pragmatic approaches to automatically identifying caregiver availability and type.

Objective
Our main objective was to use medical notes to assess caregiver availability and type for hospitalized patients with dementia. Our second objective was to identify whether the patient lived at home or resided at an institution.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, we used 2016-2019 telephone-encounter medical notes from a single institution to develop a rule-based natural language processing (NLP) algorithm to identify the patient’s caregiver availability and place of residence. Using note-level data, we compared the results of the NLP algorithm with human-conducted chart abstraction for both training (749/976, 77%) and test sets (227/976, 23%) for a total of 223 adults aged 65 years and older diagnosed with dementia. Our outcomes included determining whether the patients (1) reside at home or in an institution, (2) have a formal caregiver, and (3) have an informal caregiver.

Results
Test set results indicated that our NLP algorithm had high level of accuracy and reliability for identifying whether patients had an informal caregiver (F1=0.94, accuracy=0.95, sensitivity=0.97, and specificity=0.93), but was relatively less able to identify whether the patient lived at an institution (F1=0.64, accuracy=0.90, sensitivity=0.51, and specificity=0.98). The most common explanations for NLP misclassifications across all categories were (1) incomplete or misspelled facility names; (2) past, uncertain, or undecided status; (3) uncommon abbreviations; and (4) irregular use of templates.

Conclusions
This innovative work was the first to use medical notes to pragmatically determine caregiver availability. Our NLP algorithm identified whether hospitalized patients with dementia have a formal or informal caregiver and, to a lesser extent, whether they lived at home or in an institutional setting. There is merit in using NLP to identify caregivers. This study serves as a proof of concept. Future work can use other approaches and further identify caregivers and the extent of their availability.
INVENTARISASI KEANEKARAGAMAN MAKROZOOBENTOS DI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI BRANTAS KECAMATAN NGORO MOJOKERTO SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR BIOLOGI SMA KELAS X
Authors: Ratih Iin , Prihanta Wahyu , Susetyarini Rr. Eko 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRAKJenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif yang dilakukan untuk memperoleh fakta atau data tentang keanekaragaman jenis Makrozoobentos di DAS Brantas Kecamatan Ngoro Mojokerto. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan tiga stasiun dengan tiga kali ulangan untuk masing-masing stasiun. Parameter fisika yang diamati adalah kedalaman, kecerahan air, suhu air dan kecepatan arus. Parameter kimia yang diamati adalah pH, DO, BOD5, dan COD. Sedangkan parameter biologi yang diamati adalah kepadatan (D), kepadatan relatif (RD), kelimpahan (K), kelimpahan relatif (KR) dan indeks keanekaragaman (H’). Keanekaragaman makrozoobentos yang ditemukan di daerah aliran sungai Brantas terdiri dari Terdapat 11 spesies yakni Anentome Helena, Hydrophilus ovatus, Berosus sp, Lumbricus sp, Macromia magnifica , Sulcospira schmidti, Parathelphusa convexa, Melanoides torulosa, Melanoides tuberculata, Corbicula fluminea, Corbicula largillierti. Indeks keanekaragaman tertinggi adalah Melanoides torulosa dan terendah adalah Berosus sp. Famili Buccinidae dengan kedalaman memiliki hubungan yang sangat kuat. Sedangkan famili Macromiidae dengan DO memiliki hubungan lemah. Hasil penelitian ini digunakan sebagai sumber belajar berupa handout materi invertebrata pada kelas X SMA IPA. Materi tersebut sesuai dengan penelitian yang memanfaatkan keanekaragaman invertebrata air di DAS Brantas untuk diidentifikasi dan dianalisis kegunaannya. Kata Kunci: Keanekaragaman, Makrozoobentos, Kelimpahan, Indeks Keanekaragaman.
PENGGUNAAN KITOSAN CANGKANG BEKICOT (Achantina fulica) UNTUK BAHAN PENGAWET ALAMI BERBAGAI JENIS SAYURAN SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR DALAM PERENCANAAN PEMBELAJARAN BIOTEKNOLOGI
Authors: Aisyah Nur , Rofieq Ainur , Wahyono Poncojari 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kandungan vitamin C dan pH dalam sayuran bunga kol, kubis dan buncis yang diawetkan dengan kitosan cangkang bekicot selama proses penyimpanan dan untuk mengetahui berapakah konsentrasi kitosan cangkang bekicot yang paling efektif sebagai bahan pengawet sayuran tersebut. Kegiatan penelitian dilakukan melalui True Experimental Research. Tempat dan waktu penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kimia Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang yang berlangsung pada tanggal 23 Juni – 6 Juli 2014. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 6 perlakuan dan 4 kali ulangan pada bunga kol, kubis dan buncis yaitu C0, K0 dan B0 (Kontrol), C1, K1 dan B1 (0,5%), C2, K2 dan B2 (1%), C3, K3 dan B3(1,5%l), C4, K4 dan B4 (2%), C5, K5 dan B5 (2,5%), Analisis data menggunakan analisis varians satu arah dan uji beda jarak nyata Duncan pada taraf signifikansi 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada pengaruh pemberian konsentrasi kitosan cangkang bekicot (Achantina fulica) terhadap perbedaan kandungan vitamin C sayuran bunga kol, kubis dan buncis dari hari per hari selama penyimpanan. Perubahan kandungan vitamin C paling kecil terjadi pada perlakuan 1,5% dan paling besar pada perlakuan kontrol. Pemberian konsentrasi kitosan cangkang bekicot (Achantina fulica) 1,5% adalah yang paling efektif mempengaruhi kandungan fitamin C sayuran bunga kol, kubis dan buncis. Hasil penelitian diaplikasikan pada perencanaan pembelajaran SMA kelas XII materi bioteknologi.Kata Kunci: Pengawet alami, kitosan cangkang bekicot, sayuran bunga kol, kubis dan buncis, kandungan vitamin C dan Ph
POPULASI BAKTERI HETEROTROF DI PERAIRAN PULAU BULANG BATAM
Authors: Notowinarto Notowinarto , Agustina Fenny 
Published: August 2022

Sepanjang pesisir pantai pada perairan di kawasan Kecamatan Bulang Kota Batam sebagai lokasi penelitian dengan banyak dijumpai pemukiman penduduk dan industri galangan kapal (Shipyard) serta banyak mengeluarkan limbah yang langsung dibuang keperairan terbuka. Sampai saat ini masih minim informasi tentang populasi bakteri heterotrof, sehingga di perlukan pengkajian secara biologi perairan yakni bagaimana populasi bakteri Heterotrof di perairan Pulau Bulang Batam. Tujuan mengetahui estimasi total bakteri umum dan virus (TBU;TBV) serta hubungan antara padatan populasi bakteri dengan kondisi in-situ kualitas antar perairan yang berbeda. Penelitian bersifat lapangan insitu dengan pengambilan sampling secara teknik purposive sampling dan ek-situ yakni sampel air segera di bawa ke Laboratorium Uji Kesehatan Ikan dan Lingkungan Balai Budidaya Laut. Analisis dengan pendekatan deskriptif dan kuantitatif untuk mencari hubungan antara perkiraan populasi bakteri heterotrof dengan kondisi kualitas air antar lokasi sampling menggunakan pendekatan analisis sidik ragam (Ansira). Hasil sebagai berikut: a) bahwa diperkiraan populasi bakteri heterotroph baik total bakteri umum (TBU) maupun total bakteri virus (TBV) yang nyata dengan kecenderungan (trend) meningkat akibat adanya perubahan kualitas in-situ perairan, yakni pada lokasi Kuala Bulang 2 dan Selat Awa; b) Kandungan nitrat memperlihatkan kisaran nilai yang tinggi berada di lokasi Selat Awa dan terendah terdapat pada stasiun Teluk Sepaku serta ammonium memperlihatkan nilai tertinggi pada stasiun Kuala Bulang Dua dan kandungan phospat kandungan tertinggi di stasiun Selat Awa, sehingga akan menimbulkan terjadinya peledakan populasi (blooming); dan c) Hubungan korelasi antar stasiun pengamatan terhadap sebaran kepadatan total bakteri umum maupun vibrio (TBU/TBV) tampaknya tidak nyata (non-signifikan). Walaupun tingkat hubungan (nilai r) lebih dari 50%. Begitupula terhadap parameter kualitas air, hanya ada indikasi korelasi signifikan yakni Ammonium (NH4 -OH; mg/L; r=56,33%) yang cukup berhubungan dengan kondisi padatan dan sebaran bakteri umum ataupun vibrio. Sedangkan unsur Phosphat (PO4-P; mg/L) memiliki nilai korelasi dengan populasi TBV cukup tinggi dan positip (r=68,34%). Kadar phosphat pada batas terendah, sangat penting untuk pertumbuhan organisme bakteri di perairan terbuka laut.
La presencia de la mujer ante la necesidad urbana de la movilidad cotidiana y el impacto en el hogar
Authors: Vázquez Nájera Laura , Martínez Ortega Ma. de los Ángeles , Martínez Ortega Minerva 
Published: August 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo fue visualizar el involucramiento de la mujer en la apremiante y urgente necesidad del desplazamiento urbano, específicamente consistió en relacionar el género, las características socioeconómicas y el modo de transporte como factores de la movilidad, así como el gasto que representó esta actividad. Se tomaron como referente los datos de viajes de la Encuesta Origen Destino en Hogares de la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México (EOD) 2017. El tamaño de la muestra fue de 66 625 viviendas y la encuesta se diseñó con un factor que reflejó todos los viajes en toda la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México (ZMVM), aunque aquí solo se consideraron los hechos entre semana. Los resultados señalan que, en cuanto a género, las mujeres (0.697) realizan más viajes que los hombres (0.668) y también que el modo de solo caminar lo utilizan los estratos bajo (0.327) y medio bajo (0.720), mientras que el transporte público lo utiliza el estrato medio alto (0.771) y el privado (0.875) el estrato alto. En los mapas, los gráficos de barras muestran de manera descriptiva que es en la periferia de la ZMVM donde las mujeres realizan más viajes. En cuanto a los viajes por estratos socioeconómicos, el estrato bajo representa 0.9 %, el medio bajo 54.5 %, el medio alto 31.2 % y el alto 13.4 %. En las conclusiones, se destaca que el rol de la mujer en la dinámica del hogar es muy activo, independientemente del estrato socioeconómico, por el gran número de funciones en las que se involucra.
Coibição da lavagem de dinheiro: um olhar à declaração de operações liquidadas com moeda em espécie
Authors: Barbosa Camila Batista , Nunes Paulo Cesar Santana 
Published: August 2022

O presente trabalho trata-se de um estudo à Declaração de Operações Liquidadas com Moeda em Espécie e a forma como essa obrigação acessória pode coibir a lavagem de dinheiro. Tal pesquisa é realizada através da análise de dados qualitativos que buscam atender o objetivo geral e a questão de pesquisa desse trabalho através de observação documental, observação participante e entrevistas com profundidade. O objetivo geral está voltado à identificação dos principais procedimentos demandados pela declaração de Operações Liquidadas com Moeda em Espécie (DME). Os objetivos específicos buscam produzir conhecimento sobre os principais procedimentos e a obrigatoriedade da elaboração, bem como as penalidades do não cumprimento da exigibilidade dessa obrigação acessória. Buscando uma pesquisa científica, a abordagem do problema tenciona-se em como a declaração em questão pode constituir-se em ferramenta contributiva na coibição da lavagem de dinheiro. Para isso abordar-se-á a sistemática de preenchimento dos campos dos formulários da Declaração de Operações Liquidadas com Moeda em Espécie, bem como a análise de dados e documentos para evitar possíveis divergências entre as informações e, consequentemente as retificações e as multas as quais os declarantes possam estar sujeitos em caso de problemas ocasionados no envio da declaração. Pode-se concluir que a DME contribui para a coibição da lavagem de dinheiro através do rastreamento que ela propicia para operações liquidadas com moeda em espécie que até então representava a lacuna na identificação de tal prática.
Características pertinentes ao volume das operações de crédito das cooperativas de crédito:
Authors: Cunha Gabriella Barreto , Alves Carlos André de Melo 
Published: August 2022

As cooperativas estão entre as formas existentes de organizações sociais. Tais cooperativas contemplam, inclusive, aquelas que efetuam operações de crédito, chamadas cooperativas de crédito. O objetivo deste artigo foi investigar as características pertinentes ao volume das operações de crédito das cooperativas de crédito, considerando a quantidade de cooperados e o sistema cooperativo no período de 2019 a 2020. Esta pesquisa é descritiva. A amostra não probabilística abrangeu 847 cooperativas de crédito disponíveis no Relatório 'IF: data', emitido pelo Banco Central do Brasil. O tratamento dos dados empregou estatística descritiva e inferencial, análise de resíduos e análise de correspondência. Os volumes das operações de crédito das cooperativas não apresentaram distribuição uniforme e não se condicionaram ao período da operação. Entretanto, os referidos volumes condicionaram-se à quantidade de cooperados e ao sistema cooperativo ao qual a cooperativa está vinculado. As cooperativas de crédito vinculadas a sistemas cooperativos definidos (Sicredi e Sicoob) condicionaram volumes superiores de operações de crédito. O estudo exemplifica emprego da análise de correspondência, técnica multivariada usada para simplificar visualização de associações por meio de mapas perceptuais. Os resultados, também, podem ajudar a melhor entender as características que podem ser associadas ao volume das operações de crédito das cooperativas de crédito no Brasil.