bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Confocal laser scanning microscopic evaluation of sealing ability of bone cement, mineral trioxide aggregate and biodentine as root-end filling materials
Authors: Saji Shalin Ann , Mathew Tony , Shetty Aditya , Kaur Gurmeen , Bajpe Sunheri 
Published: July 2022

Aim:
To compare the sealing ability of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and Biodentine as root-end filling materials by assessing the degree of microleakage through confocal laser scanning microscopy.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty extracted maxillary incisors were root canal treated using the rotary ProTaper system. Apical root resections followed by retrograde cavity preparation were done. The teeth were divided into three groups and filled with the 3 tested materials (PMMA bone cement, MTA, and Biodentine). Samples were coated with nail varnish, immersed in 0.5% aqueous solution of rhodamine B dye for 24 h, and rinsed with water to remove excess dye. Samples were horizontally sectioned at 1 mm intervals into three using a diamond disk and were labeled A, B, and C and considered first, second, and third, respectively, based on their distance from the apex. Each slice was divided into four equal parts and evaluated using a confocal laser scanning microscope. Dye penetration was scored based on the amount of microleakage. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance.

Results:
Intergroup comparison of the mean scores of dye penetration among the three materials showed that there is a statistical difference between PMMA bone cement, MTA, and Biodentine, in sections B and C (P ≤ 0.05). The three groups showed no statistical difference in dye penetration scores in section A.

Conclusion:
The microleakage is least with PMMA bone cement followed by Biodentine and MTA. Microleakage was least in section C followed by sections B and A.
Antimicrobial efficacy of commercially available ozonated olive oil and sodium hypochlorite with and without ultrasonic activation in primary endodontic infections
Authors: Mittal Rakesh , Tandan Monika , Kaushik Garima 
Published: July 2022

Aim:
This study compared the antimicrobial efficacy of commercially available ozonated olive oil and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) with and without ultrasonic activation in primary endodontic infections.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty-six patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected and randomly assigned to four groups (n = 14) according to the irrigant and irrigation technique employed during biomechanical preparation. Group 1: NaOCl, Group 2: NaOCl with passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), Group 3-Ozonated olive oil, and Group 4-Ozonated olive oil with PUI. Bacteriological samples were taken from the canals before (S1) and after (S2) preparation using sterile paper points. Microbiological samples (S1, S2) were incubated and plated on Brain Heart Infusion agar. Colonies were counted after 24 h using the classic bacterial counting method. Collected data were statistically analyzed.

Results:
Statistically significant reduction (P < 0.05) of bacterial counts was found from S1 to S2 in all four experimental groups. The mean percentage reduction of bacterial counts of Group 1 and Group 3 was found to be lower than that of Group 2 and Group 4. The highest mean percentage bacterial reduction was seen in Group 2 (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
PUI significantly enhanced the antimicrobial activity of the experimental groups and ozonated olive oil can be used as an adjunctive irrigant in primary endodontic infections. The antibacterial activity of ozonated olive oil with PUI was found to be comparable with that of NaOCl with PUI.
The Persistent Median Artery
Authors: Gürkan Okan , Çengel Ferhat , Erdem Umut , Yılmaz Ayhan , Polat Abdulkadir , Ekin Elif Evrim 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of the persistent median artery (PMA) at the wrist level, its correlation to age, gender, and contralateral wrist, and its position to the median nerve and its variations.

Material and Methods:
A total of 1504 wrists were evaluated using the magnetic resonance imaging examination. The proton density and T2-weighted axial images were investigated. The patients were divided into three groups according to age. The incidence of PMA, gender, and relationship with the contralateral wrist, distribution according to the age groups, and position to the median nerve were recorded. The images were first evaluated on the consensus of two radiologists and then all data were inspected by another radiologist with at least 10 years of experience in musculoskeletal radiology.

Results:
Palmar-type PMA was observed in 379 of 1504 included wrists (25.1%). The evaluation according to the age groups showed that the incidence of PMA decreased with increasing age. The median nerve variations concomitant to PMA (bifid-trifid) was found to be seen in 94 patients. In 61 of these 94 patients (64.8%), PMA was passing through the branches of the median nerve. It was observed that in 62.5% of the cases, PMA occupied an anteromedial position to the median nerve.

Discussion and Conclusion:
PMA accompanied by median nerve variations is frequently seen. The incidence of PMA decreases with increasing age. The presence of PMA and its position should be cautiously evaluated using imagery, particularly in young patients before wrist surgery.
Morphometric Evaluation of Sacrum Volume in Healthy Women
Authors: Özcan Emrah , Karaca Ömür , Taşkın Mine Islimye , Çetin Ramazan , Büyükmert Aycan , Vatansever Alper , Kuş İlter 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
The aim of this study was to calculate volume of the sacrum, sacral canal, caudal part of the epidural space, and dural sac volumes using stereological methods on magnetic resonance images (MRIs).

Material and Methods:
We used MRI series of 50 healthy women (the mean age; 44.0) in the study, retrospectively. Point counting and planimetry methods were used to calculate the volumetric parameters on MRIs. Volume calculation was performed by placing the dotted field ruler on MRI sections for point counting method, whereas ImageJ software was used for planimetry method.

Results:
Sacrum volume was measured as 135.38 ± 24.12 cm3 using point counting method, whereas it was 136.87 ± 24.76 cm3 in planimetry method. The mean volume of sacral canal was determined as 10.11 ± 2.64 cm3 and 10.30 ± 2.73 cm3 using point counting and planimetry methods, respectively. The mean volume of the caudal portion of the epidural space was 6.54 ± 2.04 cm3 in point counting method, whereas it was 6.53 ± 1.89 cm3 in planimetry method.

Discussion and Conclusion:
Knowing the volume of sacrum would contribute to minimization of complications during surgical approaches and anesthesia procedures in that region. Our results showed that sacrum volume can be calculated accurately using stereological methods such as point counting and planimetry.
Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein Expression and Behavioral Changes in Hippocampus Following Prenatal Co-Administration of Ethyl Acetate Leaf Fraction of Tamarindus Indica and Aluminum Chloride in Wistar Rats
Authors: Usman Ibe Michael , Adebisi Samuel Sunday , Musa Sunday Abraham , Iliya Ibrahim Abdullahi 
Published: July 2022

Background:
The endowment of various plant parts with important phytochemicals needed in the management of human health breeds lots of hope. The present study investigated glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) expression and hippocampal behavioral changes following prenatal co-administration of ethyl acetate leaf fraction of Tamarindus indica (EATI) and aluminum chloride (AlCl3) in male Wistar rat pups.

Methodology:
Twenty pregnant Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n = 4). Group 1 received distilled water, while the treatment Groups 2 to5 received 200 mg/kg of AlCl3, followed by 400 and 800 mg/kg EATI in Groups 3 and 4, respectively, and 300 mg/kg Vitamin E in Group 5. All administrations lasted for 14 days from prenatal day 7 till parturition. The male pups (n = 6) were curled for Morris water maze (MWM) from postnatal day (PoND) 16–20, then sacrificed humanely on PoND 21. The brain tissues were harvested for oxidative stress studies (OSS) and the demonstration of GFAP antibody.

Result:
The result of the MWM showed significantly high mean latency to locate the platform in Groups 2 and 5 when compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The OSS revealed significantly higher superoxide dismutase concentration in Groups 4 and 5 compared to that observed in Group 2. The GFAP studies revealed significantly higher immunoreactivity scores in Group 2 when compared to every other group (P < 0.05) in the CA1 hippocampal region.

Conclusion:
EATI was associated with some protective potential during prenatal aluminum chloride exposure in Wistar rats.
Cord Blood Lipid Profile at Delivery and Association with Birth Weight among Term Babies
Authors: Agbonlahor Osaretin James , Ayomide Ishola , Emokpae Mathias Abiodun 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Abnormal birth weight is a leading risk factor for neonatal morbidity and mortality, abnormal lipid profile levels may be involved.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between cord blood lipid profile levels and neonatal birth weight of babies.

Materials and Methods:
Two hundred apparently healthy pregnant women attending antenatal clinics a Specialist Hospital in Benin City were recruited into the study. Five (5 mL) milliliters of cord blood was collected from the umbilical vein into plain bottle. The serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were determined using spectrophotometric techniques. The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was calculated using Friedewald's equation, while anthropometric measurements were done using standard techniques. Data were analyzed using Student's t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient.

Results:
The birth weight (2.34 ± 0.3 versus 3.47 ± 0.4; P < 0.01), head circumference (32.3 ± 1.3 versus 34.4 ± 2.8; P < 0.04), recumbent length (50.2 ± 0.5 versus 54.6 ± 0.2; P < 0.04), and Ponderal Index (2.14 ± 0.5 versus 24.5 ± 0.2; P < 0.02) were significantly lower in babies with small for gestational age (SGA) than appropriate gestational age. The total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol were significantly lower (P < 0.001) in SGA than appropriate for gestational age (AGA) babies. Total cholesterol (r = 0.21; P < 0.004) and triglycerides (r = 0.31; P < 0.001) correlated positively with the weight of babies.

Conclusion:
AGA babies had significantly higher lipid profile levels compared to SGA babies.
MULTİPL SKLEROZ (MS) HASTALARININ YAŞAM KALİTESİNİN YORDANMASINDA SOSYODEMOGRAFİK DEĞİŞKENLERİN VE ALGILANAN SOSYAL DESTEĞİN ETKİSİ
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Meral , TEK Şadiye 
Published: July 2022

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı multipl skleroz (MS) hastalarının sosyodemografik özellikleri (cinsiyet, yaş, medeni durum, eğitim
düzeyi, gelir düzeyi, MS tipi ve MS süresi) ve algıladıkları sosyal desteğin yaşam kalitesi üzerinde etkisini incelemektir. Yöntem:
İlişkisel tarama modelinin kullanıldığı çalışmada, Zimet vd. (1988) tarafından geliştirilen ‘Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği
(MSPSS) ile Vickrey vd. (1995) tarafından geliştirilen, bileşik fiziksel sağlık (BFS) ve bileşik mental sağlık (BMS) alt boyutlarını
içeren ‘Multipl Skleroz Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği (MSQOL-54) kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın örneklemi İstanbul, Ankara, İzmir, Kocaeli
ve Sivas illerinde yaşayan 310 MS hastasından oluşmaktadır. Veriler Hiyerarşik Regresyon Analizi ile test edilmiştir. Bulgular:
Katılımcıların 191’i kadın, 119’u erkek olup, yaş ortalamaları 37,63±9,41’dir. Katılımcılar yüksek düzeyde sosyal destek algısına
ve orta düzeyde yaşam kalitesine sahiptir. Yaşam kalitesinin BFS alt boyutunu cinsiyet, MS süresi, eğitim ve sosyal destek algısı
anlamlı düzeyde yordamaktadır. Yaşam kalitesinin BMS alt boyutunu cinsiyet, yaş, eğitim düzeyi ve sosyal destek anlamlı
düzeyde yordamaktadır. Sonuç: Sosyal desteğin yaşam kalitesi üzerindeki anlamlı etkisi tıbbi sosyal hizmet alanında çalışan
uzmanların MS hastalarının yaşam kalitelerini yükseltmede önemli rol üstlenebileceklerini göstermektedir.
Social Dialog as a Model of Mission in Plural Society
Authors: Timotius Timotius , Sutrisno Sutrisno , Putrawan Bobby Kurnia 
Published: July 2022

Kajian ini dilakukan dengan latar belakang munculnya kritik terharap proses dialog di tengah masyarakat yang majemuk. Terdapat pemikiran dualisme yang memisahkan misi dan dialog (dialog sosial dan dialog spiritual). Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut terdapat kekhawatiran bahwa dialog sosial akan bertendensi misi sehingga mempengaruhi iman seseorang. Sehingga dialog sosial tidak perlu dilakukan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bahwa dialog sosial tidak berbahaya karena dialog sosial tidak selalu mempengaruhi iman seseorang. Sebaliknya, dialog sosial bisa menjadi model yang penting dalam masyarakan majemuk ini. Kajian di dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan penelitian literatur. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menyelidiki sumber primer dan sekunder untuk menemukan hakikat dari dialog sosial. Hasil dari penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa dialog sosial tidak berbahaya karena dialog sosial adalah fakta yang tidak bisa dihindari. Inkarnasi Kristus menjadi dasar dalam dialog bagi orang Kristen untuk hidup di tengah kemajemukan.
Cocinas, residuos e impresión 3D. Biomateriales con cáscaras de huevo y conchas de mejillón
Authors: Otero Ana 
Published: July 2022

Situada en la cocina convertida en laboratorio/taller, mi práctica se basa en la experimentación con biomateriales a partir de residuos de alimentos. A través de la investigación material busco dar otra dimensión a la cocina, espacio generador de cuidados y alquimias, al reivindicarla como laboratorio y taller para activar reflexiones, experimentar y generar conocimiento abierto alrededor de lo que el actual sistema nos hace entender como basura. Mi trabajo con biomateriales tiene una dimensión política que, a través de la epistemología feminista como marco de referencia, busca crear vínculos que potencien la interdependencia y (re)aprender a aplicar los valores del cuidado.
La investigación material que a continuación comparto se centra en residuos de carbonato cálcico: cáscaras de huevo y conchas de mejillones y otros moluscos. A través de un enfoque circular investigo y experimento maneras de revalorizar estos desechos alimentarios para convertirlos en materia prima de biocompuestos para aplicaciones como la fabricación aditiva.
KEDUDUKAN PENGADILAN AGAMA DAN BASYARNAS DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SENGKETA EKONOMI SYARIAH
Authors: Achmad Fikri Oslami  
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini akan menjawab rumusan masalah, yakni Mengapa penyelesaian sengketa ekonomi Syariah dapat diselesaikan melalui Badan Arbitrase Syariah Nasional dan Pengadilan Agama? Dan apa dampak yang timbul dari penyelesaian sengketa ekonomi syariah melalui Badan Arbitrase Syariah Nasional dan Pengadilan Agama? serta Bagaimana status Badan Arbitrase Syariah Nasional Pasca berlakunya Undang-undang Nomor 50 tahun 2009 atas perubahan kedua undang-undang nomor 7 tahun 1989? Dalam usaha menjawab masalah dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan penelitian kepustakaan, yaitu dengan melakukan penelitian terhadap bahan kepustakaan, selanjutnya dilakukan analisis dengan metode content analysis yang berhubungan dengan masalah yang diteliti. Kajian dilakukan dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif. Penelitian hukum normatif adalah penelitian hukum yang dilakukan dengan cara meneliti bahan kepustakaan atau data skunder. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa lahirnya Undang-undang Nomor 03 tahun 2006 yang telah diperbaharui dengan Undang-undang Nomor 50 tahun 2009 telah membawa perubahan besar dalam eksistensi lembaga peradilan Agama saat ini, salah satu perubahan yang mendasar bahwa Pengadilan Agama berwenang memeriksa, mengadili dan menyelesaian perkara sengketa ekonomi syari’ah.Titik singgung yang ada dengan adanya undang-undang ini terhadap penyelesaian sengketa ekonomi syariah yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 30 tahun 1999 telah dilakukan oleh Badan Arbitrase Syariah Nasional tetap dipakai sebagai lembaga non litigasi yang berwenang melakukan penyelesaian sengketa ekonomi syariah.
Observation-based analysis of ozone production sensitivity for two persistent ozone episodes in Guangdong, China
Authors: Song Kaixiang , Liu Run , Wang Yu , Liu Tao , Wei Liyan , Wu Yanxing , Zheng Junyu , Wang Boguang , Liu Shaw Chen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract. An observation-based method (OBM) is developed to
investigate the sensitivity of ozone formation to precursors during two
persistent elevated ozone episodes observed at 77 stations in Guangdong.
Average OH concentrations derived at the 77 stations between 08:00 and 13:00
local time stay within a narrow range of 2.5×106 to
5.5×106 cm−3 with a weak dependence on the NOx. These
values are in good agreement with OH values observed at a rural station in
the Pearl River Delta (PRD). They also agree well with a box model constrained
by the ambient conditions observed during the two episodes. The OBM has been
used to evaluate the ozone production efficiency, ε(NOx or volatile organic compound,
VOC), defined as the number of O3 molecules produced per molecule of
NOx (or VOC) oxidized. Average values of ε(NOx) and
ε(VOC) determined by the OBM are 3.0 and 2.1 ppb ppb−1,
respectively, and both compared well with values in previous studies.
Approximately 67 % of the station days exhibit ozone formation sensitivity
to NOx, and approximately 20 % of the station days are in the
transitional regime sensitive to both NOx and VOC, and only approximately
13 % of the station days are sensitive to VOC. These results are in
semi-quantitative agreement with the ozone formation sensitivity calculated
by the box model constrained by ambient conditions observed during the two
episodes. However, our OBM results differ from those of most previous
investigations, which suggested that limiting the emission of VOC rather than
NOx would be more effective in reducing ozone reduction in Guangdong.
KAJIAN PENGARUH PERLAKUAN PANAS TERHADAP VISKOSITAS OLI KENDARAAN SAE 20w-50 5w-40 15w-40
Authors: Prihatin Joko , Ardiyanto Farit , Pambudi Slamet 
Published: July 2022

Potensi kurang seimbang dengan permasalahan selama ini adalah dalam hal keterbatasan pemahaman penggunaan oli terhadap nilai perawatan yang diterapkan. Sehingga bisa merugikan distributor oli, pengguna dan juga masyarakat luas dan lingkungan alam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perubahan angka viskositas terkecil dan terbesar yang diakibatkan oleh perubahan suhu kerja kendaraan. Metode yang diterapkan adalah menggunakan pemanasan lokal pada oli tersebut, selanjutnya dimasukkan ke dalam bejana untuk diketahui kecepatan nilai jatuh bola baja. Analisa data menerapkan grafis dan perhitungan teoritis. Hasil yang dicapai adalah perubahan angka viskositas terkecil yang diakibatkan oleh perubahan suhu kerja kendaraan adalah jenis oli F.O SAE 15w-40 yaitu 9.84-8.75=1.09 kg/m.s. Perubahan angka viskositas terbesar yang diakibatkan oleh perubahan suhu kerja kendaraan adalah jenis oli F.O SAE 20w-50 yaitu 19.62-8.75=10.87 kg/m.s.

Kata kunci: viskositas, sae, pemanasan.
Pengaruh Dosis Pupuk NPK Terhadap Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Tanaman Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.) di Tanah Marginal
Authors: Chairiyah Nurul , Murtilaksono Aditya , Adiwena Muh. , Fratama Risman 
Published: July 2022

Cayenne pepper is known as one of main commodities which is often used as food seasoning in Indonesia. The growth of cayenne pepper plant is strongly influenced by fertilizer application. It is because the addition of fertilizer will increase the productivity of cayenne pepper. This research had aim to determine the effect of NPK fertilizer dosage on cayenne pepper vegetative growth at marginal field. This study used a non-factorial randomized block design (RAK) with 5 replications. The treatments were conducted i.e. P0 = Control, P1 = 2.5 grams of NPK, P2 = 5 grams of NPK, P3 = 7.5 grams of NPK, and P4 = 10 grams of NPK. Parameters were observed i.e. plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf width, leaf length and number of flowers. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, then it were continued with DMRT test. The results showed that the dose of NPK fertilizer had a significant effect in line with the increase in the dose of NPK on the vegetative growth of cayenne pepper plants. The Application of NPK fertilizer 10 grams on plant height was 29.37% higher than without treatment. The Application of NPK fertilizer 10 grams on plant stem diameters was 25.86% wider than it was without treatment. The Application of NPK fertilizer 10 grams on the number of leaves was 36.89% more than it was without treatment. The Application of NPK fertilizer 10 grams on leaf width was 16.25% wider than it was without treatment. The Application of NPK fertilizer 10 grams on leaf length was 23.97% longer than it was without treatment. The Application of NPK fertilizer 10 grams on the number of flowers was 90.93% more than it was without treatment. The P4 treatment, i.e. the application of NPK fertilizer 10 grams, was the best treatment for all vegetative growth parameters of cayenne pepper plants.
Keragaan Penanganan Pasca Panen Mangga di Kabupaten Cirebon
Authors: Waryat Waryat , Nurawan Agus 
Published: July 2022

Mangga merupakan komoditas andalan dan penting bagi Indonesia, hal tersebut berdasarkan data produksi mangga Indonesia yang menepati peringkat lima dunia. Tetapi, produk mangga Indonesia belum banyak diekspor. Indonesia hanya dapat mengekspor 5% dari total produksi mangganya. Tujuan dari kajian ini adalah untuk mengetahu keragaan pasca panen mangga di Kabupaten Cirebon, Jawa Barat. Survey dilakukan di Desa Putat, Kecamatan Sedong, Kabupaten Cirebon. Survey dilakukan terhadap 30 orang responden petani mangga yang merupakan kelompok Tani mangga. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif. Hasil pengkajian menunjukkan varietas mangga yang banyak dibudidayakan adalah Arum Manis, Gedong gincu, Cengkir dan Dermayu. Petani umumnya menentukan umur panen buah mangga berdasarkan timbulnya bercak hitam dan keputihan pada buah mangga. Petani memanen buah mangga padi pagi hari. Alat panen buah mangga yang digunakan umumnya adalah sosog yang berasal dari bambu, sedangkan kemasan yang digunakan berupa boks plastik. Hasil panen dijual langsung ke petani pengepul menggunakan motor sebagai alat angkut. Petani pengepul setelah panen dan membeli dari petani produsen melakukan sortasi/grading berdasarkan ukuran tertentu. Setelah itu, buah mangga disimpan beberapa hari lalu dikemas dan didistribusikan ke lokasi penjualan. Kata kunci : petani, mangga, panen, alat panen, kemasan, petani pengepul