bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Pilot Nurse-Led Tele-Counseling Intervention to Parents of Children With Cerebral Visual Impairment on Adherence to Eye Activities During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Pre-experimental Study
Authors: Dhiman Sonam , Saini Sushma Kumari , Chaurasia Shweta , Duggal Mona , Miglani Vaibhav , Raj Srishti 
Published: February 2022

AimTo assess the impact of a culturally appropriate and theoretically driven nurse-led tele-counseling intervention to parents of children with cerebral visual impairment (CVI) on the adherence to visual therapy advised by the ophthalmologists.DesignA pre-experimental design was used.MethodsParents of children with CVI aged 2–9 years were enroled telephonically during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic through the Pediatric Ophthalmology Clinic of a tertiary eye care center. Pre-assessment of participants was done telephonically as per the interview schedule. As per the protocol, the trained nurse-delivered tele-counseling intervention two times weekly for the first 2 weeks and weekly for the next 2 weeks via audio and video two-way tele-interaction with parents. A CVI information booklet was shared with parents via WhatsApp interface and individualized visual therapy was reinforced in accordance with the advice of the treating ophthalmologist. It was based on a thorough review of clinical records of the child, such as a detailed CVI questionnaire, history, and findings of clinical examination and neuro-visual behavior of a child. In addition, parents were encouraged to maintain a diary of the daily sessions of visual therapy and share recorded videos of their training exercises which were then evaluated and discussed with the ophthalmologist for any deviation. Outcome measures included adherence to eye activities for 7–8 sessions per day. Data were analyzed by using SPSS statistics for windows, version 20.ResultsOverall, improvement of adherence to visual therapy was observed among children with CVI (p &lt; 0.0001). Nearly half (47.6%) of participants adhered to 3–4 sessions/day and only 28.6% were adherent to the recommended 7–8 sessions/day.ConclusionThe pilot study demonstrated the potential of the nurse-led tele-counseling intervention to supplement the ongoing health treatment of patients in improving the adherence to eye activities among parents of children with CVI.
IL-13 and IL-33 Serum Levels Are Increased in Systemic Sclerosis Patients With Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Versace Antonio Giovanni , Bitto Alessandra , Ioppolo Carmelo , Aragona Caterina Oriana , La Rosa Daniela , Roberts William Neal , D'Angelo Tommaso , Cinquegrani Antonella , Cirmi Santa , Irrera Natasha , Navarra Michele , Corrao Salvatore , Gangemi Sebastiano , Bagnato Gianluca 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveSystemic sclerosis (SSc) mortality is extremely variable in its internal organ involvement. Pulmonary fibrosis occurs in up to 30% of the cases. Animal models provide evidence that IL-33 is able to induce both cutaneous and pulmonary fibrosis via increased IL-13 and in SSc patients the levels of IL-33 correlate with skin fibrosis. Our aim was to test whether both IL-33 and IL-13 are higher in patients with diffuse SSc and interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) compared to SSc patients without ILD and healthy controls.MethodsSerum levels of IL-13 and IL-33 were measured in 30 SSc patients with diffuse disease and 30 healthy controls by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The extent of pulmonary fibrosis was assessed according to HRCT Warrick score. Pulmonary function tests included lung diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide, forced vital capacity and total lung capacity.ResultsBoth IL-13 and IL-33 levels were increased in SSc patients compared to controls and significantly associated each other. DLco, FVC and TLC scores were inversely associated with IL-33 and IL-13 levels. Both IL-33 and IL-13 levels were significantly associated with the Warrick severity score and higher in the group of SSc patients with reduced pulmonary function compared to SSc patients with normal pulmonary function tests.ConclusionThe IL-13/IL-33 axis needs to be further explored in longitudinal studies of SSc-ILD patients to assess its validity as a biomarker and future treatment target, as does downstream mediator ST2.
Incorporating Within-Host Diversity in Phylogenetic Analyses for Detecting Clusters of New HIV Diagnoses
Authors: Guang August , Howison Mark , Ledingham Lauren , D’Antuono Matthew , Chan Philip A. , Lawrence Charles , Dunn Casey W. , Kantor Rami 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundPhylogenetic analyses of HIV sequences are used to detect clusters and inform public health interventions. Conventional approaches summarize within-host HIV diversity with a single consensus sequence per host of the pol gene, obtained from Sanger or next-generation sequencing (NGS). There is growing recognition that this approach discards potentially important information about within-host sequence variation, which can impact phylogenetic inference. However, whether alternative summary methods that incorporate intra-host variation impact phylogenetic inference of transmission network features is unknown.MethodsWe introduce profile sampling, a method to incorporate within-host NGS sequence diversity into phylogenetic HIV cluster inference. We compare this approach to Sanger- and NGS-derived pol and near-whole-genome consensus sequences and evaluate its potential benefits in identifying molecular clusters among all newly-HIV-diagnosed individuals over six months at the largest HIV center in Rhode Island.ResultsProfile sampling cluster inference demonstrated that within-host viral diversity impacts phylogenetic inference across individuals, and that consensus sequence approaches can obscure both magnitude and effect of these impacts. Clustering differed between Sanger- and NGS-derived consensus and profile sampling sequences, and across gene regions.DiscussionProfile sampling can incorporate within-host HIV diversity captured by NGS into phylogenetic analyses. This additional information can improve robustness of cluster detection.
Mouse Nerve Growth Factor Injection and Progression Rate in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: An Observational Study
Authors: Li Jia-Tong , Dong Si-Qi , Qian Ting , Yang Wen-Bo , Chen Xiang-Jun 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, fatal disease with no curative treatment up to now. This study aims to analyze ALS progression of patients treated with mouse nerve growth factor (mNGF), as well as the effects, side effects, and adverse events of the therapy.Materials and MethodsA retrospective, observational study was performed including 94 patients with ALS from July 2020 to July 2021. Thirty-two of them were treated with at least one course of mNGF on a regular riluzole use, and the rest 62 were treated with riluzole only. The declining rates of body mass index (BMI) and ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) scores were compared between the two groups to indicate ALS progression.ResultsNo significant differences in ALS progression indicated by the declining rates of BMI and ALSFRS-R score were observed between the two cohorts. ALS progression before and after the first treatment course of mNGF also showed no discernible difference. However, we noticed a moderate 62.7 and 25.1% reduction in the declining rate of BMI and ALSFRS-R motor subscore when comparing mNGF + riluzole treatment to riluzole only. The mNGF treatment was overall safe and well-tolerated, and a rare case of diarrhea was reported after mNGF injection.ConclusionsOur study revealed that mNGF treatment was overall safe and well-tolerated in patients of ALS. Application of mNGF combined with regular riluzole treatment had no significant clinical effects on delaying ALS progression. Prospective cohort studies and randomized clinical trials based on larger cohorts and longer follow-up times are needed to make a more convincing conclusion.
Predicting the Need for Desmopressin Treatment During Inpatient and After Discharge Following Endoscopic Sellar Surgery
Authors: Wong Chia-En , Wang Wei-Hsin , Lan Ming-Ying , Lee Po-Hsuan , Huang Chi-Chen , Su Pei-Fang , Lee Jung-Shun 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPostoperative diabetes insipidus (DI) is a common complication following endoscopic sellar surgery. However, the requirement of desmopressin treatment for patients with DI are heterogenous. Although the predictors of postoperative DI have been reported, whether these patients required desmopressin treatment remained uninvestigated. Predicting the need of desmopressin can benefit clinical decision making more directly than predicting the occurence of postoperative DI. This study aimed to identify variables that predict the need for desmopressin treatment following sellar surgery.MethodsPatients undergoing endoscopic sellar surgery between 2016 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-three variables, characterized as potential predictors for requiring desmopressin treatment, were analyzed. To assess the capability to generalize the identified predictors, external validation with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed using a second series from 2019 to 2020.ResultsPostoperative DI occurred in 40 of 159 included patients. Twelve patients required inpatient desmopressin treatment and 20 patients needed desmopressin prescription after discharge. The potential predictors of requiring any desmopressin use included higher peak sodium (Na) level (p = 0.007), lower minimum Na level (p = 0.043), and higher peak urine output (p = 0.006), but these were not supported by external validation. The predictors of requiring desmopressin after discharge included higher peak Na (p = 0.040) and minimum Na levels (p = 0.048), which were supported by external ROC validation showing areas under curve of 0.787, 0.611, and 0.898 for peak Na (p = 0.036), minimum Na (p = 0.460), and peak Na – minimum Na levels (p &lt; 0.001), respectively. A criterion of peak Na ≥ 150 mmol/L or peak Na – minimum Na ≥ 10 predicted the need of desmopressin prescription after discharge. A postoperative management algorithm was proposed.ConclusionThe required treatments for patients with postoperative DI following endoscopic sellar surgery are heterogenous. Elevated peak Na and large peak Na—minimum Na levels in the perioperative period predicted requiring desmopressin after hospital discharge. Patients with peak Na &lt;150 mmol/L and peak Na—minimum Na &lt;10 can be safely discharged without desmopressin prescription.
Olfactory Stimulation and the Diagnosis of Patients With Disorders of Consciousness: A Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhang Shaoming , Liu Wenbin , Zhang Yao , Hu Zhouyao , Sun Ziwei , Di Haibo 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine whether behavioral responses elicited by olfactory stimulation are a predictor of conscious behavioral response and prognosis of patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC).MethodsTwenty-three DOC patients (8 unresponsive wakefulness syndrome [UWS]; 15 minimally conscious state [MCS]) were recruited for this study in which 1-Octen-3-ol (familiar neutral odor) and pyridine were used to test odor behavioral responses, and water was used as an odorless stimulus. One rater presented the three odors in front of each patient’s nose randomly, and another one videotaped all behavioral responses (e.g., pouting, wrinkling nose, slightly shaking head, frowning, etc.). Two independent raters, blind to the stimuli and the patient’s diagnosis, gave the behavioral results according to the recorded videos. One-, 3-, and 6-month follow-up evaluations were conducted to obtain a good prognostic value.ResultsAll MCS patients showed behavioral responses to the 1-Octen-3-ol stimulus; nine MCS and one UWS showed olfactory emotional responses to the pyridine, and two MCS showed olfactory emotional responses to the water stimulus. The incidence of behavioral response was significantly higher using 1-Octen-3-ol than it was for water by McNemar test (p &lt; 0.001), significantly higher using pyridine than it was for water (p &lt; 0.01). The χ2 test results indicated that there were significant differences between MCS and UWS to 1-Octen-3-ol (p &lt; 0.001). For MCS patients, the incidence of behavioral response was no different between using 1-Octen-3-ol and pyridine (p &gt; 0.05). There was no significant relationship between the olfactory behavioral response and the improvement of consciousness based on the χ2 test analysis (p &gt; 0.05).ConclusionOlfactory stimuli, especially for the familiar neutral odor, might be effective for eliciting a conscious behavioral response and estimating the clinical diagnosis of DOC patients.Clinical Trial Registration[https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03732092], [identifier NCT03732092].
ω-3 and ω-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Regulate the Proliferation, Invasion and Angiogenesis of Gastric Cancer Through COX/PGE Signaling Pathway
Authors: Ma Jiachi , Zhang Chensong , Liang Wanqing , Li Lei , Du Jun , Pan Chengwu , Chen Bangling , Chen Yuzhong , Wang Yuanpeng 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThis study aims to investigate the effects of ω-3, ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and their middle metabolites prostaglandin (PGE)2 and PGE3 on proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis formation of gastric cancer cells and to explore associated mechanism.MethodsRT-PCR and ELISA were used to detect the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 in gastric cancer cell lines. The effect of ω-3, ω-6, PGE2, and PGE3 on the proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis of gastric cancer cells were measured by cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis assay in vitro. COX-2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) was transfected into gastric cancer cells, and the expression of COX-2 protein was detected by Western blot. COX-2 gene silencing influencing proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis potential of gastric cancer cells was detected by WST-1, transwell chamber, and angiogenesis assay, respectively.ResultsCOX-2 was only expressed in MKN74 and MKN45 cells. In gastric cancer cell lines with positive COX-2 expression, ω-6 and PGE2 could significantly enhance the proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis of gastric cancer cells, and after transfection with COX-2 siRNA, the effects of ω-6 and PGE2 on enhancing the proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis of gastric cancer cells were significantly attenuated; ω-3 and PEG3 could inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis of gastric cancer cells. In gastric cancer cell lines with negative COX-2 expression, ω-6 and PGE2 had no significant effect on the proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis of gastric cancer; ω-3 and PGE3 could significantly inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis of gastric cancer.Conclusionω-6 PUFAs reinforce the metastatic potential of gastric cancer cells via COX-2/PGE2; ω-3 PUFAs inhibit the metastatic potential of gastric cancer via COX-1/PGE3 signaling axis.
Case Report: Benefits of a NSCLC Patient With EGFR A289G/F287_G288insHA cis Mutations From Immunotherapy in Combination With Antiangiogenesis and Chemotherapy and Sequential Treatment of EGFR-TKI
Authors: Zhang He , Dong Weiwei , Zhao Huixia , Hu Yanyan , You Xia , Sun Tingting , Xiao Wenhua 
Published: February 2022

We presented a 67-year-old nonsmoking female lung adenocarcinoma patient with novel epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) A289G/F287_G288insHA cis mutations who responded positively to sintilimab combined with regorafenib and albumin paclitaxel, and sequential treatment of icotinib. Gene mutations in patients were detected by next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, and changes in gene mutations before and after treatments were observed by ctDNA monitoring. We observed the efficacy of the patient through chest computed tomography (CT) imaging and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level and found that the patient benefited from immunotherapy in combination with antiangiogenesis and chemotherapy for more than 1 year, CEA levels initially fell sharply and then rebounded during the treatment period. After changing to EGFR-TKI therapy, the CEA level of the patient does not only decreased sharply at the initial stage of treatment but also rebounded and increased at the later stage of treatment. The patient was tested for genetic mutations after 4 months of sequential EGFR-TKI therapy and was found to have lost all previous EGFR mutations, which may be the cause of resistance to targeted drug icotinib. We believe that our findings have enriched the EGFR mutation spectrum in NSCLC and highlighted the possible choice for patients harboring this mutation by immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy and antivascular therapy, and EGFR-TKI-targeted therapy.
Ruptured Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Status of Research
Authors: Xia Feng , Ndhlovu Elijah , Zhang Mingyu , Chen Xiaoping , Zhang Bixiang , Zhu Peng 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundRuptured hepatocellular carcinoma (rHCC) is considered a rare and life-threatening manifestation; when it happens, it often requires acute and positive intervention. At present, the mechanism of rHCC development is gradually being understood while there are many kinds of rHCC treatment. From our clinical observation, the prognosis of rHCC patients is not as poor as it is currently believed. It may not be appropriate to include all patients with rHCC in T4.Main BodyThe incidence of ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma is now rising. Especially in the Asian region, it can even reach 10% – 15%. The most common symptom of HCC rupture is abdominal pain, and there are now a variety of treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma rupture. With aggressive treatment, rHCC patients can also achieve a better prognosis. The patient’s condition varies on admission, so the treatment methods will also be different. It is critical to identify prognostic factors simultaneously, and rHCC can be effectively managed by focusing on important prognostic factors.ConclusionA review was carried out to analyze diagnosis, mechanism, treatment, and prognostic risk factors on this disease condition during the current situation; it is hoped that it will provide better guidance for clinicians. Moreover, patients with rHCC were managed hierarchically to prolong their prognosis.
Phenylephrine-Induced Cardiovascular Changes in the Anesthetized Mouse: An Integrated Assessment of in vivo Hemodynamics Under Conditions of Controlled Heart Rate
Authors: Rajanathan Rajkumar , Pedersen Tina Myhre , Thomsen Morten B. , Botker Hans Erik , Matchkov Vladimir V. 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveInvestigating the cardiovascular system is challenging due to its complex regulation by humoral and neuronal factors. Despite this complexity, many existing research methods are limited to the assessment of a few parameters leading to an incomplete characterization of cardiovascular function. Thus, we aim to establish a murinein vivomodel for integrated assessment of the cardiovascular system under conditions of controlled heart rate. Utilizing this model, we assessed blood pressure, cardiac output, stroke volume, total peripheral resistance, and electrocardiogram (ECG).HypothesisWe hypothesize that (i) ourin vivomodel can be utilized to investigate cardiac and vascular responses to pharmacological intervention with the α1-agonist phenylephrine, and (ii) we can study cardiovascular function during artificial pacing of the heart, modulating cardiac function without a direct vascular effect.MethodsWe included 12 mice that were randomly assigned to either vehicle or phenylephrine intervention through intraperitoneal administration. Mice were anesthetized with isoflurane and intubated endotracheally for mechanical ventilation. We measured blood pressureviaa solid-state catheter in the aortic arch, blood flowviaa probe on the ascending aorta, and ECG from needle electrodes on the extremities. Right atrium was electrically paced at a frequency ranging from 10 to 11.3 Hz before and after either vehicle or phenylephrine administration.ResultsPhenylephrine significantly increased blood pressure, stroke volume, and total peripheral resistance compared to the vehicle group. Moreover, heart rate was significantly decreased following phenylephrine administration. Pacing significantly decreased stroke volume and cardiac output both prior to and after drug administration. However, phenylephrine-induced changes in blood pressure and total peripheral resistance were maintained with increasing pacing frequencies compared to the vehicle group. Total peripheral resistance was not significantly altered with increasing pacing frequencies suggesting that the effect of phenylephrine is primarily of vascular origin.ConclusionIn conclusion, thisin vivomurine model is capable of distinguishing between changes in peripheral vascular and cardiac functions. This study underlines the primary effect of phenylephrine on vascular function with secondary changes to cardiac function. Hence, thisin vivomodel is useful for the integrated assessment of the cardiovascular system.
Affecting Effects on Affect: The Impact of Protocol Permutations on Affective Responses to Sprint Interval Exercise; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Pooled Individual Participant Data
Authors: Metcalfe Richard S. , Williams Sean , Fernandes Gwen S. , Astorino Todd A. , Stork Matthew J. , Phillips Shaun M. , Niven Ailsa , Vollaard Niels B. J. 
Published: February 2022

Responses to sprint interval exercise (SIE) are hypothesized to be perceived as unpleasant, but SIE protocols are diverse, and moderating effects of various SIE protocol parameters on affective responses are unknown. We performed a systematic search to identify studies (up to 01/05/2021) measuring affective valence using the Feeling Scale during acute SIE in healthy adults. Thirteen studies involving 18 unique trials and 316 unique participant (142 women and 174 men) affective responses to SIE were eligible for inclusion. We received individual participant data for all participants from all studies. All available end-of-sprint affect scores from each trial were combined in a linear mixed model with sprint duration, mode, intensity, recovery duration, familiarization and baseline affect included as covariates. Affective valence decreased significantly and proportionally with each additional sprint repetition, but this effect was modified by sprint duration: affect decreased more during 30 s (0.84 units/sprint; 95% CI: 0.74–0.93) and 15–20 s sprints (1.02 units/sprint; 95% CI: 0.93–1.10) compared with 5–6 s sprints (0.20 units/sprint; 95% CI: 0.18–0.22) (both p &lt; 0.0001). Although the difference between 15–20 s and 30 s sprints was also significant (p = 0.02), the effect size was trivial (d = −0.12). We observed significant but trivial effects of mode, sprint intensity and pre-trial familiarization, whilst there was no significant effect of recovery duration. We conclude that affective valence declines during SIE, but the magnitude of the decrease for an overall SIE session strongly depends on the number and duration of sprints. This information can be applied by researchers to design SIE protocols that are less likely to be perceived as unpleasant in studies of real-world effectiveness.Systematic Review RegistrationOpen Science Framework, https://osf.io/sbyn3.