bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating chicken bacterial cell density and serial dilutions: An educational approach
Authors: Lopez Johnna marie , Roof Steven 
Published: May 2022

Serial dilutions to determine bacterial cell density is a standard technique taught in the microbiological laboratory. Traditionally students are given a culture of bacteria to determine CFU/ml for the culture, a rather dead end experiment. The goal of this experiment was to look for ways to make the traditional serial dilution lab more relevant, open ended and investigative. All students know that raw chicken is contaminated with bacteria and when removed from the refrigerator for any length of time they expect the numbers of bacteria to increase significantly. The question is increase by how much? With this in mind students now have a reason to learn the serial dilution process. To determine the feasibility of using Raw chicken, the chicken was incubated at 4 °C and room temperature (approximately 25 °C) for various times and serial dilutions were performed. Our results show that an incubation time of 25o C for 72 hours results in a significant difference in colony counts and this time would be appropriate for use in the teaching lab. Student initiated extensions to this exercise could include varying the time or temperature or using selective media.
Kemuliaan Karya Keselamatan Allah Tritunggal: Studi Eksposisi Efesus 1:3-14
Authors: Wijoyo Sigit 
Published: May 2022

The letter of Paul to the Ephesians gives us insight about God’s works in salvation history. This article intends to explain about doxology of Paul because of God’s salvation. Some interpretation using topical approach to interpreting Ephesians 1:3-14, so that deviated of Paul’s motive in his script. The author stresses on structure and grammatical arrangement of Paul’s writings to find a properly interpretation of Ephesians 1:3-14. AbstrakSurat Paulus kepada jemaat di Efesus memberi kita wawasan tentang karya-karya Allah dalam sejarah keselamatan. Artikel ini bermaksud menjelaskan tentang doksologi Paulus karena keselamatan Allah. Beberapa penafsiran menggunakan pendekatan topikal untuk menafsirkan Efesus 1: 3-14, sehingga menyimpang dari motif Paulus dalam naskahnya. Penulis menekankan pada struktur dan pengaturan tata bahasa dari tulisan-tulisan Paulus untuk menemukan interpretasi yang tepat dari Efesus 1: 3-14.
Makna Penggunaan Gaya Bahasa Ironi dalam Narasi Hakim-Hakim 4:1-24
Authors: Giyarto Giyarto , Adiatma Daniel Lindung 
Published: May 2022

The book of judges is an important historical theological book in Old Testament Canon. This book uses narrative literature as common narrative books in Old Testament. Judges 4:1-24 is part of narrative book of Judges. Some interpretation books do not pay attention to literary approach. Especially on Judges 4:1-24 some interpretation only concern to Deborah dan Barak and their success. Irony is one of the language styles used in describing a narrative. This article aims to examine the meaning of the use of irony in the narrative of Judges 4: 1-24. Through narrative literary research and the use of irony in language, the interpreters discover the theological meanings that contained in the narrative of Israel's deliverance of the oppression. Abstrak Kitab Hakim-Hakim merupakan kitab sejarah teologis yang penting dalam kanon Perjanjian Lama yang memakai sastra narasi. Tidak banyak buku tafsir yang memeriksa penggunakan unsur sastra dalam menafsirkan kitab Hakim-Hakim 4:1-24. Ironi adalah salah satu gaya bahasa yang dipakai dalam melukiskan narasi. Artikel ini bertujuan meneliti makna penggunaan gaya bahasa ironi dalam narasi Hakim-Hakim 4:1-24. Melalui penelitian sastra narasi dan penggunaan gaya bahasa ironi, penafsir menemukan kekayaan makna teologis yang terkandung dalam narasi pembebasan Israel dari penindasan raja Kanaan.
Makna Pernyataan נִחַם יְהוָה עַל־זֹאת (niHam yhwh (ädönäy) al-zöt ) Dalam Amos 7:3 dan 6
Authors: Saputro Anon Dwi , Faot Julio Avner Oktavianus 
Published: May 2022

This article explain the statement of God’s regret in Amos 7: 3 and 6. This research uses a word study research method and a literary approach by paying attention to prophetic literature in the sub-genre of judgment. This study aims to explore the meaning and get the correct application of God's statement of regret. Some interpreters such as Thomas L. Constable, Jeff Niehaus, B. J. Boland etc. only emphasized the side of repentance and God's change of mind on the evil of Israel. But that word has nothing to do with repenting or turning to God. Immediately this statement was expressed only by the grace of God. The word "regret" refers to emotional or anthropopathic and God changed His plan. Abstrak Artikel ini menjelaskan mengenai pernyataan Allah menyesal dalam Amos 7:3 dan 6. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian studi kata dan pendekatan sastra dengan memperhatikan sastra nubuatan dalam sub genre penghakiman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali makna dan mendapat penerapan yang tepat mengenai pernyataan Allah menyesal. Beberapa penafsir seperti Thomas L. Constable, Jeff Niehaus, B. J. Boland dll hanya menekankan kepada sisi petobatan dan perubahan pikiran Allah terhadap kejahatan Israel. Namun kata tersebut tidak ada kaitannya dengan bertobat atau berbalik kepada Allah. Serta merta pernyataan tersebut diungkapkan hanya oleh rahmat TUHAN. Kata “menyesal” menunjuk kepada emosi atau antropopatis dan TUHAN mengubah rencana-Nya.
Urgenitas Keterlibatan Orang Tua Dalam Menangani Psikologi Anak Selama Belajar Di Masa Pandemi
Authors: Hutahaean Frederik Patar , Tafonao Talizaro 
Published: May 2022

This study aims to determine the extent of the responsibility of parents in assisting children in learning during the pandemic. This study departs from the author's empirical observation that online learning during a pandemic profoundly impacts children's psychology. This can be seen in the reactions of each child as reviewed in this article. This study uses the literature method with a descriptive qualitative approach. The analysis process is to use various literary sources including journals, books, and other reliable reference materials to support the author's analysis of parental involvement in dealing with child psychology. The results found in this study indicate that parental responsibility and strategy are the primary keys in dealing with child psychology. Thus the involvement of people in accompanying children during the pandemic is very significant. AbstrakTujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejauh mana tanggung jawab orang tua dalam mendampingi anak dalam belajar selama pandemi. Kajian ini berangkat dari pengamatan penulis secara empiris bahwa pembelajaran daring selama pandemi sangat berdampak pada psikologis anak dan hal ini terlihat dalam reaksi setiap anak sebagaimana ulasan dalam artikel ini. Kajian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Proses analisis yang dilakukan adalah menggunakan berbagai sumber literatur-literatur baik jurnal, buku dan bahan referensi lainnya yang terpercaya untuk mendukung analisis penulis yang berhubungan dengan keterlibatan orang tua dalam menangani psikologi anak. Hasil yang ditemukan dalam kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa tanggung jawab orang tua dan strategi merupakan kunci utama dalam menangani psikologi anak. Dengan demikian keterlibatan orang dalam mendampingi anak selama pandemi sangat signifikan.
Peran Guru Kristen Dalam Perkembangan Anak Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Dupe Rony Zadrach , Tangkin Wiyun Philipus 
Published: May 2022

Pada masa pandemi COVID-19 proses pembelajaran dalam pendidikan berubah dari proses pembelajaran secara langsung menjadi proses pembelajaran jarak jauh berbasis daring. Perubahan proses pembelajaran yang terjadi memengaruhi kondisi perkembangan psikologi anak pada masa sekolah dasar. Hal ini selaras dengan hasil survei Riset Kesehatan Dasar terdapat 16.000 anak di Jawa Timur mengalami depresi selama masa COVID-19. Perubahan proses pembelajaran menjadi faktor yang dapat memengaruhi kondisi sosioemosi anak. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk membangun pemahaman guru dalam melihat dan merespons perubahan yang saat ini berdampak pada perkembangan psikologis anak. Pada masa pandemi COVID-19 ini penting untuk memerhatikan perkembangan psikologi anak terkhususnya sosiemosinya. Proses pembelajaran jarak jauh tidak menghambat guru dalam menuntun anak memiliki pemahaman yang benar mengenai situasi yang terjadi dan sikap untuk menghadapinya. Pembahasan dalam makalah ini dilakukan menggunakan metode kajian literatur yang didasarkan pada kebenaran Alkitab. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa guru Kristen harus memiliki pemahaman yang benar berdasarkan Alkitab dan membagikannya kepada anak. Pemahaman tersebut dapat membantu anak mengerti cara yang tepat menyikapi sebuah masalah berdasarkan kebenaran Alkitab.Oleh karena itu, penting bagi guru untuk memiliki pemahaman yang benar sesuai Alkitab.
Pembelajaran Daring Ditinjau Dari Prespektif Pendidikan Demokrasi
Authors: Letlora Helen Riana 
Published: May 2022

This research aims to analyze online learning problems and solutions from a democratic education perspective. This was using literature research with a qualitative descriptive approach. The data was collected by conducting secondary data documentation sourced from survey institution data, exceptional cases from updated news, and research studies on a related topic. Online learning is a learning situation that can only occur when using technology facilities. Problems in online learning include limited facilities, situation learning is not conducive, and teachers are not competent to use computers for learning design. The solution was needed for awareness of every education stakeholder: the central government, teachers, and students and the local and village government, and communities to support the learning creation of self-sufficient, independent, and responsible. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pembelajaran daring mencakup masalah dan solusinya dikaji dari prespektif pendidikan demokrasi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengambilan data berupa dokumentasi data sekunder yang bersumber dari data lembaga survei, kasus khusus dari berita terkini, dan kajian penelitian. Pembelajaran daring merupakan suatu situasi belajar yang hanya dapat berlangsung bila menggunakan fasilitas teknologi. Masalah-masalah dalam pembelajaran daring meliputi : keterbatasan penyediaan fasilitas, situasi lingkungan belajar yang kurang kondusif, kurangnya kompetensi guru dalam memanfatkan teknologi dalam mendesain pembelajaran secara daring. Solusi dalam mengatasi masalah tersebut yaitu perlunya kesadaran setiap stake holder pendidikan, tidak hanya pemerinta pusat, guru dan siswa tetapi juga pemerintah derah bahkan desa serta masyarakat untuk turut mendukung terciptanya suasana pembelajaran yang mandiri, merdeka dan bertanggung jawab.
Relevansi Pemahaman yang Benar Tentang Gereja Bagi Orang Percaya Masa Kini
Authors: Budiman Sabda , Doma Yabes 
Published: May 2022

This wrong understanding of the church affects one's actions towards applying one's faith. The importance of proper and basic knowledge of the church is the need of every believer today—the need for a renewal of the correct understanding of the church. The need for a fundamental and biblical account of the church encourages the author to deepen the discussion of the church's doctrine. The problem in this research is: what are the misconceptions about the church? And what is the correct understanding of the church according to the Bible and its relevance for believers today? This study aims to discuss the knowledge of the church based on the perspective of the Bible and its significance for believers today. The method that the author uses is a qualitative-descriptive research method. The results of this study reveal that the church is not a building, denomination, or "me," but the church is more understood as an association of believers who have a goal to fellowship and build each other up. AbstrakPemahaman yang keliru tentang gereja itu mempengaruhi tindakan seseorang terhadap penerapan imannya. Pentingnya pemahaman yang benar dan mendasar dari gereja menjadi kebutuhan setiap orang percaya pada masa kini. perlunya pembaharuan akan pemahaman yang benar tentang gereja. Kebutuhan akan pengertian tentang gereja secara mendasar dan alkitabiah, mendorong penulis untuk mendalami pembahasan doktrin tentang gereja. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah: apa saja pemahaman yang keliru tentang gereja? Dan bagaiamana pemahaman yang benar tentang gereja menurut Alkitab serta relevansinya bagi orang percaya pada masa kini? Penelitian ini bertujuan membahas tentang pengertian gereja berdasarkan persepktif Alkitab dan relevansinya bagi orang percaya masa kini. Metode yang penulis gunakan ialah penelitian kualitatif-deskriptif. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa gereja bukanlah gedung, denominasi, atau pun “saya”, tetapi lebih dipahami sebagai perkumpulan orang-orang percaya yang memiliki tujuan untuk bersekutu dan saling membangun satu dengan yang lainnya.
Effects of Long-Term Storage on the Quality of Palm Oil Biodiesel and Canola Oil Biodiesel
Authors: Wahyono Yoyon , Hadiyanto Hadiyanto , Budihardjo Mochamad Arief , Baihaqi Rifqi Ahmad , Syahida Ainun Nurusy 
Published: May 2022

Effective storage of biodiesel has proven to be a challenge, which the Indonesian government has invested billions of Indonesian rupiahs (IDR) in to overcome. It is thus important to investigate how different storage methods can affect the quality of biodiesel. The purpose of this study was to determine how storage at room temperature in the dark affects the quality of palm oil biodiesel (POB) and canola oil biodiesel (COB). POB and COB were stored in closed containers at 22 °C in the dark for 12 months. The results showed that POB was more significantly damaged than COB. This study found increases of density (POB by 51.52 kg/m3 and COB by 17.52 kg/m3), kinematic viscosity (POB by 0.67 mm2/s and COB by 0.32 mm2/s), acid value (POB by 0.27 mg-KOH/g and COB by 0.25 mg-KOH/g), total glycerol (POB by 0.58%-mass and COB by 0.60%-mass), and peroxide value (POB by 48 meq-O2/kg and COB by 54 meq-O2/kg), whereas there were decreases in fatty acid methyl esters (POB by 7.11%-mass and COB by 9.36%-mass). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry results for POB and COB showed decreases in 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-methyl ester, and increases in 9-octadecenoic acid and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results revealed the presence of methyl ester functional groups. The storage of biodiesel in a closed container at 22 °C in the dark can minimize biodiesel oxidation, as evidenced by the findings of this study, namely, the insignificant formation of ketone and aldehyde groups in the biodiesel oxidation process during storage, based on the results of FTIR.
Singing for the Whales
Authors: Akibara Chie Sak 
Published: May 2022

This chapter demonstrates the ways that performances of expressive culture can strengthen bonds based on shared ways of life and on a powerful human-nonhuman identification, even across geographic and cultural distance. The author recounts how nineteenth century Iñupiat whaling communities adopted Azorean and Cape Verdean sailors who fled the harsh life on Portuguese commercial whaling ships, creating transnational bonds of kinship. In both communities, spiritual connections to the whale became intertwined with local versions of Christianity. As climate change has made ways of life in the Arctic and island communities of the Atlantic increasingly precarious, both communities turn to music-making and festivals to commemorate the past and revitalize their spiritual and cultural relationships to the whale.
Voiceover
Authors: Delogu Daisy 
Published: May 2022

This chapter explores Anne de Graville’s Beau Romant, an early sixteenth-century adaptation of Giovanni Boccaccio’s Teseida, dedicated to Queen Claude of France. Also the author of a rewriting into rondeaux of Alain Chartier’s famous Belle dame sans mercy, de Graville both reprises and exceeds the works of two prestigious medieval authors in order to define a literary, ethical, and political sphere that elevates women. In de Graville’s Beau Romant, the character Emilia recuperates Chartier’s Fair Lady. Though the latter was denounced for refusing her would-be lover’s suit, Emilia’s exemplary reason, courtesy, and wise speech allow her to accommodate the conflicting desires of male characters and to preserve her reputation for female virtue. De Graville thus intervenes strategically in the Querelle des femmes, while also establishing her relevance in universal terms by joining the long philosophical and ethical tradition focused on how to withstand the vicissitudes of Fortune. Thus “voiceover” in this chapter describes the actions of both de Graville and Emilia, as the author re-voices a canonical male-authored work for an explicitly female readership, and re-focuses the value of its female protagonist by giving voice to her virtue and exemplarity.
Getting around the Poto Mitan
Authors: Jean-Charles Régine 
Published: May 2022

This chapter proposes one path for teaching about Haitian womanhood from a perspective that moves beyond the ubiquitous figure of the poto mitan, or rather around it, acknowledging its centrality but also exploring its extant limitations. The term poto mitan translates literally to “post in the middle,” a central pillar around which the majority of the action of a Vodou ceremony unfolds. Equating Haitian women with the poto mitan indicates their centrality in society and points to the important role they occupy in the family. It also suggests character traits like strength, tenacity, and resilience. To develop and complicate this image, this chapter proposes a teaching model incorporating literature, film, and gender studies texts that accommodate strikingly divergent representations: Yanick Lahens’s Guillaume et Nathalie, Edwidge Danticat’s Claire of the Sea Light, and Roxane Gay’s An Untamed State; films Woch Na Soley and Poto Mitan: Haitian Women Pillars of the Global Economy; and essays from Gina Ulysse’s Why Haiti Needs New Narratives and Myriam Chancy’s Framing Silence: Revolutionary Novels by Haitian Women. Taken together these works help create a more dynamic picture that allows students to interrogate rigid notions of what it means to be a Haitian woman.
Perovskite Mediated Vibronic Coupling of Semiconducting SERS for Biosensing
Authors: Man Tiantian , Lai Wei , Zhu Changfeng , Shen Xizhong , Zhang Wenxiao , Bao Qinye , Chen Jinquan , Wan Ying , Pei Hao , Li Li 
Published: May 2022

AbstractImproving charge transfer efficiency via vibronic coupling is vital to the performance of semiconducting surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Previous attempts have focused on defects‐based metastable‐state assisted band structure matching strategy to enhance vibronic coupling. However, defect‐related charge transfer transitions can be easily deteriorated due to enhanced phonon‐assisted relaxation upon continuous laser irradiation. Herein, perovskite‐based steady‐state assisted band structure matching strategy is proposed to enhance vibronic coupling within perovskite‐molecule charge transfer complex, leading to remarkable Raman enhancement up to 5.9 × 106. Particularly, vibronic coupling can be modulated by tuning valence band position and introducing ultrathin Au coating, which allows selective enhancement of molecules with different band structures, including narrow‐bandgap molecules and wide‐bandgap molecules. Importantly, based on intrinsically stable conduction band and valence band states, this system achieves ultrahigh photostability, preserving 91.3% of the original intensity after 50 000 s of irradiation. This system also provides an outstanding tool for trace molecular detection, allowing sensitive and selective identification of 9 types of gastric cancer related aldehydes, which enables distinguishing the breath of gastric cancer patients from healthy controls with a discriminatory accuracy of 81.09%. This study is anticipated to shed new light into the future strategy design of efficient and stable semiconducting SERS.
Towards Low Cost and Sustainable Thin Film Thermoelectric Devices Based on Quaternary Chalcogenides
Authors: Isotta Eleonora , Andrade‐Arvizu Jacob , Syafiq Ubaidah , Jiménez‐Arguijo Alex , Navarro‐Güell Alejandro , Guc Maxim , Saucedo Edgardo , Scardi Paolo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA major challenge in thermoelectrics (TEs) is developing devices made of sustainable, abundant, and non‐toxic materials. Furthermore, the technological drive toward low sizes makes crucial the study of nano and micro configurations. In this work, thin film TE devices based on p‐type Cu2+xZn1‐xSnS4 and Cu2+xZn1‐xSnSe4, and n‐type AlyZn1‐yO are fabricated by physical vapor deposition. The kesterite phases show good purity and promising TE power factor, likely enhanced by the copper–zinc order–disorder transition. Thin film generators in planar configuration are assembled by a sequential deposition of the p‐type, n‐type, and contact materials. The power per unit planar area reaches 153 and 279 nW cm−2 for the sulphur‐ and selenium‐based generators, respectively. These values significantly outperform any other literature attempt based on sustainable and low‐cost thin films. Furthermore, if compared with traditional TEs often made of scarce and toxic materials, these devices offer a cost reduction above 80%. This allows reaching comparable values of power density per unit material cost, representing a first real step toward the development of sustainable and non‐toxic thin film TE devices. These can find applications in micro energy harvesters, microelectronics coolers, and temperature controllers for wearables, medical appliances, and sensors for the internet of things.
Nacre‐Inspired Nanocomposite Films with Enhanced Mechanical and Barrier Properties by Self‐Assembly of Poly(Lactic Acid) Coated Mica Nanosheets
Authors: Han Zi‐Meng , Li De‐Han , Yang Huai‐Bin , Zhao Yu‐Xiang , Yin Chong‐Han , Yang Kun‐Peng , Liu Hao‐Cheng , Sun Wen‐Bin , Ling Zhang‐Chi , Guan Qing‐Fang , Yu Shu‐Hong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDeveloping biodegradable materials such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a promising strategy to reduce the reliance on non‐degradable plastics and the accumulation of those wastes. However, the fabrication of high‐performance biodegradable films which integrate excellent mechanical and barrier properties remains a major challenge. To address this problem, the “brick and mortar” structure, one of the most effective biomimetic models, is introduced to improve the comprehensive properties of materials. Here, a PLA‐assisted exfoliation and dispersion method to prepare the PLA coated mica nanosheets (Nano‐mica/PLA) from a natural mineral phlogopite is presented. By introducing the sheer force assembly, a kind of nacre‐inspired nanocomposite film with the “brick and mortar” structure can be fabricated. Such a nacre‐inspired nanocomposite film shows excellent mechanical properties, UV‐shielding, and gas barrier properties. The overall performance of the nacre‐inspired nanocomposite film is superior to commercial plastic films, which will allow it possible to break a path for practical applications of PLA in the field of packaging.