bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustained weight loss after duodenal–jejunal bypass liner treatment in patients with body mass index below, but not above 35 kg/m2: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Boonchaya‐anant Patchaya , Bueter Marco , Gubler Christoph , Gerber Philipp A. 
Published: October 2022

SummaryPrevious data from short term studies have shown an efficacy of the duodenal‐jejunal bypass liner (DJBL) for weight loss. However, less data is available regarding weight change after device removal and possible predictors for weight loss. This is a retrospective chart review of all patients who had DJBL inserted at the University Hospital Zurich between December 2012 and June 2015. A total of 27 patients had DJBL insertion. The median BMI at baseline was 38.5 (34.0–42.2) kg/m2. In the 24 patients with DJBL treatment >3 months (failed implantation or early removal due to side effects in 3 patients), the mean duration of implantation was 42.9 ± 13.1 weeks. During the treatment, the mean total body weight loss (%TBWL) was 15.0 ± 8.3%. Fifteen patients had long‐term follow‐up data available (mean duration of follow‐up 4.0 ± 0.9 years). The mean weight change was 12.7 ± 12.8 kg, corresponding with a mean % weight regain of 13.3 ± 13.3%. Five patients (33.3%) subsequently underwent bariatric surgery. In patients with class I obesity (BMI <35 kg/m2 at baseline), 4 out of 6 (66.7%) had a stable weight or only a weight regain <7%. In contrast, no patient with BMI >35 kg/m2 at baseline was able to keep weight regain below 7%. DJBL is an effective treatment for obesity, but substantial weight regain occurs during long‐term follow up after the device removal, in particular in patients with BMI > 35 kg/m2.
Effect of faecal microbial transplant via colonoscopy in patients with severe obesity and insulin resistance: A randomized double‐blind, placebo‐controlled Phase 2 trial
Authors: Ghorbani Yasaman , Schwenger Katherine J. P. , Sharma Divya , Jung Hyejung , Yadav Jitender , Xu Wei , Lou Wendy , Poutanen Susan , Hota Susy S. , Comelli Elena M. , Philpott Dana , Jackson Timothy D. , Okrainec Allan , Gaisano Herbert Y. , Allard Johane P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimTo assess the effects of faecal microbial transplant (FMT) from lean people to subjects with obesity via colonoscopy.Material and MethodsIn a double‐blind, randomized controlled trial, subjects with a body mass index ≥ 35 kg/m2 and insulin resistance were randomized, in a 1:1 ratio in blocks of four, to either allogenic (from healthy lean donor; n = 15) or autologous FMT (their own stool; n = 13) delivered in the caecum and were followed for 3 months. The main outcome was homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) and secondary outcomes were glycated haemoglobin levels, lipid profile, weight, gut hormones, endotoxin, appetite measures, intestinal microbiome (IM), metagenome, serum/faecal metabolites, quality of life, anxiety and depression scores.ResultsIn the allogenic versus autologous groups, HOMA‐IR and clinical variables did not change significantly, but IM and metabolites changed favourably (P < 0.05): at 1 month, Coprococcus, Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides and Roseburia increased, and Streptococcus decreased; at 3 months, Bacteroides and Blautia increased. Several species also changed significantly. For metabolites, at 1 month, serum kynurenine decreased and faecal indole acetic acid and butenylcarnitine increased, while at 3 months, serum isoleucine, leucine, decenoylcarnitine and faecal phenylacetic acid decreased. Metagenomic pathway representations and network analyses assessing relationships with clinical variables, metabolites and IM were significantly enhanced in the allogenic versus autologous groups. LDL and appetite measures improved in the allogenic (P < 0.05) but not in the autologous group.ConclusionsOverall, in those with obeisty, allogenic FMT via colonoscopy induced favourable changes in IM, metabolites, pathway representations and networks even though other metabolic variables did not change. LDL and appetite variables may also benefit.
Weight regain after behavioural weight management programmes and its impact on quality of life and cost effectiveness: Evidence synthesis and health economic analyses
Authors: Hartmann‐Boyce Jamie , Cobiac Linda J , Theodoulou Annika , Oke Jason L. , Butler Ailsa R , Scarborough Peter , Bastounis Anastasios , Dunnigan Anna , Byadya Rimu , Hobbs F. D. Richard , Sniehotta Falko F. , Amies‐Cull Ben , Aveyard Paul , Jebb Susan A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsWe used data from a recent systematic review to investigate weight regain after behavioural weight management programmes (BWMPs, sometimes referred to as lifestyle modification programmes) and its impact on quality‐of‐life and cost‐effectiveness.Materials and MethodsTrial registries, databases and forward‐citation searching (latest search December 2019) were used to identify randomized trials of BWMPs in adults with overweight/obesity reporting outcomes at ≥12 months, and after programme end. Two independent reviewers screened records. One reviewer extracted data and a second checked them. The differences between intervention and control groups were synthesized using mixed‐effect, meta‐regression and time‐to‐event models. We examined associations between weight difference and difference in quality‐of‐life. Cost‐effectiveness was estimated from a health sector perspective.ResultsIn total, 155 trials (n > 150 000) contributed to analyses. The longest follow‐up was 23 years post‐programme. At programme end, intervention groups achieved –2.8 kg (95%CI –3.2 to –2.4) greater weight loss than controls. Weight regain after programme end was 0.12‐0.32 kg/year greater in intervention relative to control groups, with a between‐group difference evident for at least 5 years. Quality‐of‐life increased in intervention groups relative to control at programme end and thereafter returned to control as the difference in weight between groups diminished. BWMPs with this initial weight loss and subsequent regain would be cost‐effective if delivered for under £560 (£8.80‐£3900) per person.ConclusionsModest rates of weight regain, with persistent benefits for several years, should encourage health care practitioners and policymakers to offer obesity treatments that cost less than our suggested thresholds as a cost‐effective intervention to improve long‐term weight management.RegistrationThe review is registered on PROSPERO, CRD42018105744.
First report of Colletotrichum fructicola causing leaf spots on Liriodendron chinense × tulipifera in China
Authors: Wan Yu , Jin Guan‐Qun , Li De‐Wei , Wu Si , Zhu Li‐Hua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLiriodendron chinense × tulipifera is widely planted in China as an ornamental plant. In July 2018, a foliar disease, with an incidence of ~23% trees and ~ 45% leaves per individual tree infected, occurred on L. chinense × tulipifera on the campus of Nanjing Forestry University, Jiangsu Province, China. Symptoms were small brown to dark spots surrounded by a yellow halo initially, which enlarged and coalesced into regular or irregular brown necrotic lesions up to 8.5 ± 1.3 mm across. Fungi were isolated from the margins of the lesions. Three representative isolates (E3‐2, E3‐3 and E3‐4) were selected for phylogenetic analyses. One representative isolate E3‐2 was used for pathogenicity tests and morphological identification. The pathogenicity of isolate E3‐2 to L. chinense × tulipifera was confirmed on 1‐year‐old seedlings with lesions after 5 days. The phenotypic characteristics of the isolates were similar to those of Colletotrichum sp. (Glomerellaceae). Phylogenetic analyses using concatenated sequences of ITS, ACT, CHS, GADPH, CAL, SOD2 and TUB2 placed E3‐2, E3‐3 and E3‐4 in the clade of C. fructicola. Based on the morphological and phylogenetic studies, the isolates were identified as C. fructicola. This is the first report of C. fructicola causing L. chinense × tulipifera leaf spots in China.
“That's bang out of order, mate!”: Gendered and racialized micro‐practices of disadvantage and privilege in UK business schools
Authors: Śliwa Martyna , Gordon Lisi , Mason Katy , Beech Nic 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe existence of gendered and racialized inequalities in academia has been well documented. To date, research has primarily addressed the intersectional disadvantages faced by members of minority groups with much less attention paid to the privileges experienced by dominant group members. This paper draws on 21 interviews and 36 audio‐diary entries completed by a diverse group of senior higher education leaders who have successfully navigated the career ladder in UK business schools. By juxtaposing minority with dominant group members' narratives, the study advances intersectionality research, offering a contextualized analysis of the micro‐practices of both disadvantage and privilege in academia. Through a focus on how micro‐practices perform differently for members of different groups, it foregrounds “obvious” as well as nuanced differences that contribute to the accumulation of disadvantage and privilege throughout an individual's career and emphasizes simultaneity as crucial to understanding the workings of gendered and racialized disadvantage and privilege.
Academic integrity among medical students and postgraduate trainees in the teaching hospitals of South Punjab Pakistan
Authors: Azam Mehreen , Naeem Salman Bin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the topic of the academic integrity among medical students and postgraduate trainees in the teaching hospitals of South Punjab, Pakistan. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted involving 318 medical students and postgraduate trainees of teaching hospitals. The results found that medical students of pre‐clinical years engaged in unethical behaviour, that is, exam cheating and plagiarism to cope with internal and external evaluation and the range of subjects needed to be studied. For postgraduate trainees, results showed trainees unintentionally engaged in the practice of plagiarism due to lack of understanding about what constitutes plagiarism, coupled with externally perceived pressures associated with expectations of research publication, promotions and tenured positions. To address these concerns, it is recommended that information literacy sessions for undergraduate and postgraduate medical students on plagiarism prevention and ethical practice be designed and facilitated by medical librarians in collaboration of faculty members.
High‐entropy carbide‐based ceramic cutting tools
Authors: Luo Si‐Chun , Guo Wei‐Ming , Lin Hua‐Tay 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this study, a novel high‐entropy carbide‐based ceramic cutting tool was developed. The cutting performance of three kinds of high‐entropy carbide‐based ceramic tools with different mechanical properties for the ISO C45E4 steel were evaluated. Although the pure (Ti0.2Zr0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2Mo0.2)C0.8 ceramic cutting tool exhibited the highest hardness of 25.06 ± 0.32 GPa, the cutting performance was poor due to the chipping and catastrophic failure caused by the low toughness (2.25 ± 0.27 MPa m1/2). The (Ti0.2Zr0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2Mo0.2)C0.8–15 vol% cobalt cutting tool with highest fracture toughness (6.37 ± 0.24 MPa m1/2) and lowest hardness (17.29 ± 0.79 GPa) showed the medium cutting performance due to the low wear resistance caused by the low hardness. The (Ti0.2Zr0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2Mo0.2)C0.8–7.7 vol% cobalt cutting tool showed the longest effective cutting life of ∼67 min due to the high wear resistance and chipping resistance caused by the high hardness (21.05 ± 0.72 GPa), high toughness (5.35 ± 0.51 MPa m1/2), and fine grain size (0.60 ± 0.15 μm). The wear mechanisms of the cobalt‐containing (Ti0.2Zr0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2Mo0.2)C0.8 ceramic cutting tools included adhesive wear and abrasive wear and oxidative wear. This research indicated that the high‐entropy carbide‐based ceramics with high hardness and high toughness have potential use in the field of cutting tool application.
An Online Art Project Based on the Affirmative Model of Disability in Japan
Authors: Ikeda Satoshi , Siddiqi Hiroko Fukuda , Mori Mayuko , Kawajiri Hiromitsu , Hirasawa Misa , Kawaguchi Takashi , Yasuda Kaoru 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn recent years, disability has become a site for knowledge and artistic creation. In this study, local governments, universities, art museums and non‐profit organisations collaborated from 2019 to 2022 to implement an online art project for people with disabilities during the Covid‐19 era. The project's goal was to enhance the identity of people with disabilities, promote their interest in museums and artwork as local resources and engage them in society. The project was conducted in three phases with a sequence of connections using the affirmative model of disability by Swain and French (2000) as the theoretical framework. In Phase 1, we surveyed 370 people with disabilities and their supporters living in Hiroshima Prefecture to clarify the conditions promoting or hindering their appreciation of art exhibitions and the use of digital devices. In Phase 2, we conducted an online interactive appreciation workshop at a museum for seven people with disabilities based on the Phase 1 survey results. In Phase 3, an online exhibition was held using the artwork seen in Phase 2, and words and photographs were used as methods of expression. The interactive appreciation workshop and exhibition was built to provide the participants a safe and comfortable online alternative space, which led to individual empowerment and enhanced collaboration in the disability community. This study advocates the value of coexisting and co‐prosperous inclusion rather than inclusion that necessitates people gathering in the same place.
Youths with asthma and their experiences of self‐management education: A systematic review of qualitative evidence
Authors: McTague Karen , Prizeman Geraldine , Shelly Stephen , Eustace‐Cook Jessica , McCann Edward 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsTo identify and synthesize the available evidence of youths with asthma and their experience of self‐management education.DesignSystematic literature review of qualitative studies with meta‐synthesis of findings.Data sourcesWe searched five databases, CINAHL Complete, Embase, MEDLINE (EBSCO) PsycINFO, ASSIA and the Global Index Medicus (formerly the WHOLIS). Initial search in September 2019 and updated in July 2020 and July 2022.Review MethodsThe systematic review was conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of qualitative evidence. Qualitative data were extracted, meta‐summarized and then meta‐synthesized.ResultsEighteen studies were identified for inclusion in this review and three themes were identified: The theory and practice gap, contemporary health‐seeking preferences and the psychosocial impacts of living with asthma.ConclusionThe needs of youths with asthma are specific and must be measurable against the change in asthma outcomes for this group. They have unmet self‐management educational needs that stakeholders, involved in their care and support, should address. Education and practice policy should focus on youth‐centric approaches. Through meaningful engagement with youths, stakeholders can identify their support needs, requirements and preferences to successfully underpin the theory and practice of self‐management education.ImpactThis review synthesized evidence of youths with asthma and their experiences of self‐management education, highlighting their specific self‐management information needs. The findings highlight several implications for healthcare professionals in education, practice and research. This age profile is under‐explored and further research into this population would work towards filling the theory and practice gap and highlighting the identified psychosocial issues faced by this group.
Negative Integration Is What States Make of It? Tackling Labour Exploitation in the German Meat Sector
Authors: Blauberger Michael , Schmidt Susanne K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this article, we trace Germany's recent reform (and its precursors) seeking to remedy precarious working conditions in the meat sector. Focusing on an extreme case of labour exploitation, and asking how unique it is, allows us to uncover which institutional features of EU Member States condition the liberalization effects of negative integration. We thereby contribute to the literature on Europeanization, which has mainly emphasized weak industrial relations to account for the German meat industry's reliance on cheap migrant labour. Complicated enforcement structures, demanding requirements of administrative cooperation, and the complexities of an evolving case law, we argue, further contributed to the precarious conditions of migrant workers in Germany. Major COVID outbreaks in slaughterhouses created the political momentum for reform which specifically addresses this administrative side of labour protection, but remains limited to the meat sector – despite similar patterns of labour exploitation elsewhere.
Motor imagery vividness and symptom severity in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Readman Megan Rose , Crawford Trevor J. , Linkenauger Sally A. , Bek Judith , Poliakoff Ellen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMotor imagery (MI), the mental simulation of movement in the absence of overt motor output, has demonstrated potential as a technique to support rehabilitation of movement in neurological conditions such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Existing evidence suggests that MI is largely preserved in PD, but previous studies have typically examined global measures of MI and have not considered the potential impact of individual differences in symptom presentation on MI. The present study investigated the influence of severity of overall motor symptoms, bradykinesia and tremor on MI vividness scores in 44 individuals with mild to moderate idiopathic PD. Linear mixed effects modelling revealed that imagery modality and the severity of left side bradykinesia significantly influenced MI vividness ratings. Consistent with previous findings, participants rated visual motor imagery (VMI) to be more vivid than kinesthetic motor imagery (KMI). Greater severity of left side bradykinesia (but not right side bradykinesia) predicted increased vividness of KMI, while tremor severity and overall motor symptom severity did not predict vividness of MI. The specificity of the effect of bradykinesia to the left side may reflect greater premorbid vividness for the dominant (right) side or increased attention to more effortful movements on the left side of the body resulting in more vivid motor imagery.
Locking the line of convergence by botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of dynamic forehead wrinkles
Authors: El‐Garem Yehia F. , Eid Amira Abulfotooh , Leheta Tahra M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundTreatment of horizontal forehead lines with botulium toxin type A is a common procedure that helps achieve a youthful and rejuvenated look. Adequate knowledge of the anatomy and an individualized treatment approach is the key to successful treatment outcome.AimTo evaluate the cosmetic outcome following treatment of dynamic forehead wrinkles by locking the line of convergence using botulinum toxin type A.Patients and MethodsFifty female patients with dynamic forehead wrinkles were included. The line of convergence was identified, and injection points were determined. Patients received injections of botulinum toxin type A in the upper part of the frontalis along the line of convergence. Patients were evaluated before injection and the response was evaluated after 2 weeks and after 3 months of injection.ResultsPost‐treatment significant decrease in dynamic wrinkle scale was detected. The distance between the medial and lateral canthi and their corresponding lower brow margins on maximum brow elevation was also significantly decreased after treatment. Meanwhile, the validated brow positioning score revealed no significant change in the resting brow position when pre‐and post‐treatment scores were compared.ConclusionsTreating forehead wrinkles by injecting botulinum toxin along the line of convergence is an effective technique that requires less overall amount of toxin, improves the appearance of the wrinkles and minimizes the risk of development of side effects.
Differences in clinical characteristics of rosacea across age groups: A retrospective study of 840 female patients
Authors: Yang Fengjuan , Wang Lian , Shucheng Huidi , Jiang Xian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAging remains a common influencing factor for many diseases. Previous studies have shown that age is significantly associated with rosacea among female cases and that the incidence of rosacea increases with age. However, previous studies did not specifically analyze the clinical characteristics of different age groups.ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze and compare the clinical characteristics of female patients of rosacea among different age groups.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of 840 female rosacea subjects and compared cutaneous features, aggravating factors, systemic diseases, and psychological states across age groups. The patients were divided into three groups according to their age at diagnosis: ≤30 years，31–44 years，and ≥45 years.ResultsIn our study, the mean age of subjects was 35.9 ± 10.23 years. The common symptoms included telangiectasia (82.6%), persistent erythema (82.0%), burning/stinging sensation (89.3%), dry sensation (74.0%), and pruritis (41.9%). Hot temperature (89.9%), emotional changes (67.3%), spicy food (55.6%), and sun exposure (50.7%) were the common aggravating factors. Some patients had comorbidities of systemic disorders (20.4%). Of the patients, 48.8% presented with anxiety and 35.2% with depression. The clinical characteristics were found to be significantly different among the different age groups. Middle‐aged and older patients (≥45 years) were more likely to have more serious persistent erythema and telangiectasia. And these patients were relatively less affected by some of the influencing factors and had more systemic diseases of the digestive system, endocrine metabolic system, and cardiovascular system (p < 0.05).ConclusionWe revealed the impact of age on the characteristics of rosacea, which indicated that the clinical features of rosacea are more complex and more difficult to treat in females over the age of 45.