bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Item selection methods with exposure and time control for computerized classification test
Authors: Huang Yingshi , Ren He , Chen Ping 
Published: July 2022

AbstractComputerized classification testing (CCT) commonly chooses items maximizing information at the cut score, which yields the most information for decision‐making. However, a corollary problem is that all examinees will be given the same set of items, resulting in high test overlap rate and unbalanced item bank usage, which threatens test security. Moreover, another pivotal issue for CCT is time control. Since both the extremely long response time (RT) and large RT variability across examinees intensify time‐induced anxiety, it is crucial to reduce the number of examinees exceeding the time limitation and the differences between examinees' test‐taking times. To satisfy these practical needs, this paper proposes the novel idea of stage adaptiveness to tailor the item selection process to the decision‐making requirement in each step and generate fresh insight into the existing response time selection method. Results indicate that a balanced item usage as well as short and stable test times across examinees can be achieved via the new methods.
Endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductin 1‐alpha deficiency and activation of protein translation synergistically impair breast tumour resilience
Authors: Varone Ersilia , Decio Alessandra , Barbera Maria Chiara , Bolis Marco , Di Rito Laura , Pisati Federica , Giavazzi Raffaella , Zito Ester 
Published: July 2022

Background and PurposeEndoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress triggers an adaptive response in tumours which fosters cell survival and resilience to stress. Activation of the ER stress response, through its PERK branch, promotes phosphorylation of the α‐subunit of the translation initiation factor eIF2, thereby repressing general protein translation and augmenting the translation of ATF4 with the downstream CHOP transcription factor and the protein disulfide oxidase, ERO1‐alphaExperimental ApproachHere, we show that ISRIB, a small molecule that inhibits the action of phosphorylated eIF2alpha, activating protein translation, synergistically interacts with the genetic deficiency of protein disulfide oxidase ERO1‐alpha, enfeebling breast tumour growth and spread.Key ResultsISRIB represses the CHOP signal, but does not inhibit ERO1. Mechanistically, ISRIB increases the ER protein load with a marked perturbing effect on ERO1‐deficient triple‐negative breast cancer cells, which display impaired proteostasis and have adapted to a low client protein load in hypoxia, and ERO1 deficiency impairs VEGF‐dependent angiogenesis. ERO1‐deficient triple‐negative breast cancer xenografts have an augmented ER stress response and its PERK branch. ISRIB acts synergistically with ERO1 deficiency, inhibiting the growth of triple‐negative breast cancer xenografts by impairing proliferation and angiogenesis.Conclusion and ImplicationsThese results demonstrate that ISRIB together with ERO1 deficiency synergistically shatter the PERK‐dependent adaptive ER stress response, by restarting protein synthesis in the setting of impaired proteostasis, finally promoting tumour cytotoxicity. Our findings suggest two surprising features in breast tumours: ERO1 is not regulated via CHOP under hypoxic conditions, and ISRIB offers a therapeutic option to efficiently inhibit tumour progression in conditions of impaired proteostasis.
Evolutionary origin of pathogenic GJB2 alleles in China
Authors: Jiang Yi , Huang Shasha , Zhang Yi , Fang Nan , Liu Qian , Liu Yunchao , Bai Ling , Han Dongyi , Dai Pu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe frequency of the pathogenic allele of the autosomal recessive deafness gene GJB2 varies among different populations in the world, and accumulates to a sufficiently high frequency in certain population. The purpose of this study is to investigate the origin and evolution of GJB2 pathogenic alleles in Chinese deaf patients. Children with non‐syndromic hearing loss, and their parents, from 295 families were recruited. Customized capture probes targeted at 943 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to GJB2 gene were designed for sequencing of genomic DNA in blood samples. Haplotypes carrying pathogenic allele were analyzed through linkage disequilibrium block building, ancestry tracing, and extended haplotype heterozygosity calculation. Two pathogenic GJB2 alleles, c.235delC (18.41%) and c.109G > A (15.57%), were observed in 867 donors. For c.235delC allele, three different core haplotypes with one major haplotype (97.32%) were found, and their core SNPs were 100% conserved. For c.109G > A allele, six different haplotypes with one major haplotype (93.28%) were found and the major c.109G > A allele evolved from a specific ancestral haplotype. Geographical origins of donors carrying GJB2 c.109G > A and c.235delC core haplotypes centered between Qinghai and Neimenggu. GJB2 c.235delC has long‐range linkage disequilibrium. No positive selection signature was found for GJB2 c.235delC or c.109G > A in the studied population. In conclusion, we discovered a single origin of GJB2 c.235delC allele and multiple independent origins of GJB2 c.109G > A allele. Alternative to positive selection or multiple independent recurrent mutation event, population bottleneck effect might account for the observed high population frequency of these pathogenic alleles.
Accuracy of a chairside, fused deposition modeling three‐dimensional‐printed, single tooth surgical guide for implant placement: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Sun Yao , Ding Qian , Yuan Fusong , Zhang Lei , Sun Yuchun , Xie Qiufei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeTo compare the accuracy of chairside, fused deposition modeling (FDM) three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed surgical guides with that of stereolithographic guides for implant placement in single edentulous sites within a clinical setting.Materials and MethodsA total of 28 participants with 30 single posterior edentulous sites were included. The sites were randomized into a FDM 3D‐printed surgical guide group (test) or stereolithographic guide group (control) of equal size (n = 15). In both groups, digital implant planning was performed using data from cone beam‐computed tomography and intraoral scans. The test group's surgical guides were fabricated using a chairside, FDM 3D‐printer; those in the control group were fabricated using a light‐curing 3D‐printer. Postoperative intraoral scans were used to obtain the 3D position of the implants. Compared to preoperative design, the angular, 3D, mesiodistal, buccolingual and apicocoronal deviations at the implant shoulder and apex were recorded.ResultsThe workflow for the design and chairside fabrication of implant guides was established. The mean angular deviations of the test and control group were (4.23 ± 2.38) ° and (4.13 ± 2.42) ° (p > .05), respectively. The respective 3D deviations at the implant shoulder were (0.70 ± 0.44) mm and (0.55 ± 0.27) mm (p > .05); those at the implant apex were (1.25 ± 0.61) mm and (1.11 ± 0.54) mm (p > .05). The mesiodistal, buccolingual, and apicocoronal deviations at the implant shoulder and apex did not significantly differ between the groups (p > .05).ConclusionsImplants for single posterior edentulous spaces were placed as accurately with the test guide as with the control. Further research under more complex situations involving multiple missing teeth is needed.
Re‐evaluation of a method used to study nutritional effects on bumble bees
Authors: Wynants Enya , Wäckers Felix , Van Oystaeyen Annette 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Bee declines are an increasingly recognised problem globally. Nutritional stress due to agricultural intensification is one of the drivers of bee declines. Therefore, understanding the nutritional requirements of bees is crucial to mitigate the effects of food scarcity on bee populations.
Laboratory studies evaluating nutritional effects on bumble bees often use microcolonies as a model system for effects on queenright colonies. Microcolonies consist of workers, whereby one worker will lay male‐destined unfertilized eggs. Consequently, microcolonies exclusively produce males, while queenright colonies produce (female) workers and reproductives (males and queens).
A comparison between Bombus terrestris (L.) microcolonies and queenright colonies was made by feeding three diets of varying nutritional quality.
The experimental diets affected most fitness parameters of microcolonies differently than those of queenright colonies. Low‐protein, largely monofloral, pollen affected queenright colony fitness by reducing colony size and increasing larval mortality, while these fitness parameters were not affected in microcolonies. High‐protein polyfloral pollen reduced larval mortality in queenright colonies but did not affect larval mortality in microcolonies. For both colony types, a similar result was obtained when assessing offspring body mass, which was reduced by the low‐quality diet and increased by the high‐quality diet.
In conclusion, our results demonstrate that microcolonies are inaccurate model systems and their use can lead to erroneous conclusions in terms of effects of nutritional stress or pollen quality on bumble bees. Our results further highlight the importance of high‐quality (here high‐protein polyfloral) pollen for sustaining colony development of bumble bees.
Circadian rhythms in psoriasis and the potential of chronotherapy in psoriasis management
Authors: Luengas‐Martinez Andrea , Paus Ralf , Iqbal Mudassar , Bailey Laura , Ray David W. , Young Helen S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe physiology and pathology of the skin are influenced by daily oscillations driven by a master clock located in the brain, and peripheral clocks in individual cells. The pathogenesis of psoriasis is circadian‐rhythmic, with flares of disease and symptoms such as itch typically being worse in the evening/night‐time. Patients with psoriasis have changes in circadian oscillations of blood pressure and heart rate, supporting wider circadian disruption. In addition, shift work, a circadian misalignment challenge, is associated with psoriasis. These features may be due to underlying circadian control of key effector elements known to be relevant in psoriasis such as cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis and inflammation. Indeed, peripheral clock pathology may lead to hyperproliferation of keratinocytes in the basal layers, insufficient apoptosis of differentiating keratinocytes in psoriatic epidermis, dysregulation of skin‐resident and migratory immune cells and modulation of angiogenesis through circadian oscillation of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A) in epidermal keratinocytes. Chronotherapeutic effects of topical steroids and topical vitamin D analogues have been reported, suggesting that knowledge of circadian phase may improve the efficacy, and therapeutic index of treatments for psoriasis. In this viewpoint essay, we review the current literature on circadian disruption in psoriasis. We explore the hypothesis that psoriasis is circadian‐driven. We also suggest that investigation of the circadian components specific to psoriasis and that the in vitro investigation of circadian regulation of psoriasis will contribute to the development of a novel chronotherapeutic treatment strategy for personalised psoriasis management. We also propose that circadian oscillations of VEGF‐A offer an opportunity to enhance the efficacy and tolerability of a novel anti‐VEGF‐A therapeutic approach, through the timed delivery of anti‐VEGF‐A drugs.
Polygamy and mental health among Saudi middle schoolers: The role of family cohesion and father involvement
Authors: Merdad Nisma , Elbedour Salman , Lau Jennifer , Barker Edward 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis paper assesses the role of family cohesion in the relationship between polygamy and mental health and whether this varies as a function of the father's involvement.BackgroundStudies show that polygamy has a detrimental effect on children's mental health, yet familial variables that may account for this relationship have rarely been explored. Family cohesion is crucial for the relationship between a range of familial risk factors and mental health.MethodData about family structure, family cohesion, mental health, father involvement, and other related sociodemographic variables were collected from students from randomly selected middle schools (students N = 758) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.ResultsPolygamous marital structure predicted more psychosocial problems and higher internalizing symptoms, but not externalizing problems. Polygamy had an indirect association with psychosocial problems through family cohesion, and father involvement moderated the relationship between polygamy and family cohesion.ConclusionThe findings suggest that living in polygamous families may impair the mental health of middle school–aged children, in part by diminishing family cohesion. Additionally, low father involvement may exaggerate threats to family cohesion resulting from polygamy and subsequent child mental health consequences. However, contrary to previous research, children's externalizing behavior did not vary by polygamous marital structure.ImplicationsFamily‐focused therapies, which include the fathers, may be of particular use to support this at‐risk group.
Agroforestry perennials reduce nitrous oxide emissions and their live and dead trees increase ecosystem carbon storage
Authors: Gross Cole D. , Bork Edward W. , Carlyle Cameron N. , Chang Scott X. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAgroforestry systems (AFS) contribute to carbon (C) sequestration and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural lands. However, previously understudied differences among AFS may underestimate their climate change mitigation potential. In this 3‐year field study, we assessed various C stocks and greenhouse gas emissions across two common AFS (hedgerows and shelterbelts) and their component land uses: perennial vegetated areas with and without trees (woodland and grassland, respectively), newly planted saplings in grassland, and adjacent annual cropland in central Alberta, Canada. Between 2018 and 2020 (~April–October), nitrous oxide emissions were 89% lower under perennial vegetation relative to the cropland (0.02 and 0.18 g N m−2 year−1, respectively). In 2020, heterotrophic respiration in the woodland was 53% lower in shelterbelts relative to hedgerows (279 and 600 g C m−2 year−1, respectively). Within the woodland, deadwood C stock was particularly important in hedgerows (35 Mg C ha−1or 7% of ecosystem C) relative to shelterbelts (2 Mg C ha−1or <1% of ecosystem C), and likely affected C cycling differences between the woodland types by enhancing soil labile C and microbial biomass in hedgerows. Deadwood C stock was positively correlated with annual heterotrophic respiration and total (to ~100 cm depth) soil organic C, water‐soluble organic C, and microbial biomass C. Total ecosystem C was 1.90–2.55 times greater within the woodland than all other land uses, with 176, 234, 237, and 449 Mg C ha−1found in the cropland, grassland, planted saplings treatment, and woodland, respectively. Shelterbelt and hedgerow woodlands contained 2.09 and 3.03 times more C, respectively, than adjacent cropland. Our findings emphasize the importance of AFS for fostering C sequestration and reducing greenhouse gas emissions and, in particular, retaining hedgerows (legacy woodland) and their associated deadwood across temperate agroecosystems will help mitigate climate change.
Global warming generates predictable extinctions of warm‐ and cold‐water marine benthic invertebrates via thermal habitat loss
Authors: Reddin Carl J. , Aberhan Martin , Raja Nussaïbah B. , Kocsis Ádám T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAnthropogenic global warming is redistributing marine life and may threaten tropical benthic invertebrates with several potential extinction mechanisms. The net impact of climate change on geographical extinction risk nevertheless remains uncertain. Evidence of widespread climate‐driven extinctions and of potentially unidentified mechanisms exists in the fossil record. We quantify organism extinction risk across thermal habitats, estimated by paleoclimate reconstructions, over the past 300 million years. Extinction patterns at seven known events of rapid global warming (hyperthermals) differ significantly from typical patterns, resembling those driven by global geometry under simulated global warming. As isotherms move poleward with warming, the interaction between the geometry of the globe and the temperature‐latitude relationship causes an uneven loss of thermal habitat and a bimodal latitudinal distribution of extinctions. Genera with thermal optima warmer than ~21°C show raised extinction odds, while extinction odds continually increase for genera with optima below ~11°C. Genera preferring intermediate temperatures generally have no additional extinction risk during hyperthermals, except under extreme conditions as the end‐Permian mass extinction. Widespread present‐day climate‐driven range shifts indicate that occupancy loss is already underway. Given the most‐likely projections of modern warming, our model, validated by seven past hyperthermal events, indicates that sustained warming has the potential to annihilate cold‐water habitat and its endemic species completely within centuries.
Effects of hemodialysis with cooled dialysate on high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin I and brain natriuretic peptide
Authors: Bathish Younes , Beiruti Karine , Safadi Hussein , Nov Adi Sharabi , Bukovetzky Elena , Edelstein Michael , Halabi Majdi , Israeli Zeev 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundHemodialysis (HD) triggers recurrent and cumulative ischemic insults to the brain and the heart. Cooled dialysate may have a protective effect on major organs and improve hemodynamic tolerability of dialysis. The aim of the study was to compare HD with cooled dialysate with routine dialysis in terms of hemodynamic stability and levels of high‐sensitivity Troponin I (hs‐TnI) and N‐terminal pro b‐type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) pre and postdialysis.MethodsThe 45 patients were randomized into two groups. The first group received a 35.5°C dialysate first (hypothermic dialysis) and the second group a 36.5°C dialysate first (routine dialysis). Then groups crossed over, so each group received the alternate dialysate (self‐controls) For each patient, the first sample was collected at the beginning of dialysis, and a second sample was taken at the end of dialysis.Results and conclusionhs‐TnI and NTproBNP increased after routine HD by 10.7 ng\ml (p < 0.001) and (12.0 pg/μl) (p < 0.001), respectively, and by −3.1 ng\ml (p = 0.25) and (4.3 pg/μl) (p < 0.001), respectively after hypothermic HD. Our study results showed a tendency towards less rise in hsTnI and NTproBNP during hypothermic HD (35.5°C) as compared to routine HD (36.5°C). Neither arm experienced statistically significant changes in blood pressure. Further studies in larger cohorts and long follow up are warranted in order to confirm that lower rise in (hs‐TnI) and NTproBNP actually translate into lower clinical risk for cardiovascular events.
Primary headache disorders and body mass index categories: A systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis
Authors: Martami Fahimeh , Jayedi Ahmad , Shab‐Bidar Sakineh 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe conducted a systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and primary headache disorder subtypes and to clarify the shape of this relationship.MethodsPubMed and Scopus were searched from inception to September 2020. Observational studies reporting the risk estimates of primary headache disorders across categories of BMI were included. We restricted our systematic search to articles published in English. Meta‐analyses, reviews, letters to editor, case reports/case series, and abstracts with inadequate data were excluded. We used the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool to assess the quality of the studies included in the meta‐analyses. One author extracted data from each study by using prespecified data extraction forms.ResultsIn total, 41 observational studies investigating the association between BMI and different primary headache disorders with 154,044 cases and 792,500 participants were included. Among subtypes of headache disorders, the risk of migraine significantly increased in subjects who were either underweight or had obesity compared to those with normal BMI (odds ratio [OR] = 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09–1.34, I2 = 6.2%; OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.15–1.43, I2 = 89.7%, respectively). However, there was limited evidence to support the association between BMI and the risk of other subtypes of primary headache disorders. A nonlinear association was found between BMI and migraine (p nonlinearity <0.0001), and the lowest risk was observed in BMI around 20 and increased at BMI values >29.ConclusionThis meta‐analysis suggests through a nonlinear association an increased risk of migraine among individuals who are either underweight or obese. These results support the recommendation that headache disorders' prevention will benefit from weight control.
Combining ethnography and conversation analysis to explore interaction in dementia care settings
Authors: Chatwin John , Ludwin Katherine , Latham Isabelle 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundIt is well established that the actions and behaviour of care home workers are fundamental to the well‐being of the people they care for. They not only deliver basic care but through their day‐to‐day presence provide an underlying continuity for residents, many of whom will have dementia or other cognitive problems. This can have many positive psychological and social benefits. A variety of ethnographic approaches have been used to explore the broader social and cultural dimensions of dementia care work. Similarly, there is a growing body of work applying micro‐level approaches such as conversation analysis (CA) to describe the interactional mechanics of specific care skills.StrategyWe outline what ethnography and CA are, how they work as stand‐alone methodologies and how they have been used in care work and dementia care settings. A working illustration is given of how the two approaches may be integrated.DiscussionDementia care workers occupy a uniquely tenuous sociopolitical and professional position within healthcare. If they are to progress to a more professional status there is a pressing need for standardized systems of training to be developed. As has been common practice in most other fully professionalized sectors of healthcare, this training needs to be backed up by an understanding of how effective care work is undertaken at the micro‐level. For it to be practically relevant to care workers it also needs to have been informed by the wider social context in which it occurs.ConclusionWe argue that elements of ethnography and CA can be usefully combined to provide the fully contextualized micro‐level descriptions of care work practice that will be needed if current moves towards the greater professionalization of care work are to continue.Patient or Public ContributionThe authors undertake a significant amount of Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement and study codesign with members of the public, care workers and people living with dementia. Our engagement work with care staff and family carers undertaken as part of a current National Institute for Health Research study exploring naturalistic care worker skills (see acknowledgements) has been particularly relevant in shaping this article.