bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hegel's Circles: Self-Surprise in the Subjective Logic
Authors: Novakovic Andreja 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHegel's Science of Logic tracks the self-contained and self-generated development of what Hegel calls the concept. My question is: can the concept in the Logic surprise itself? I argue that the answer to that question is yes—the concept can surprise itself when it rediscovers itself in a place it did not expect to be. I first clarify the kind of perspective that the Logic asks us as readers to occupy and its difference from the perspective inside the ‘opposition’ of consciousness. I then provide an example of the concept's self-surprise, namely, the transition from subjective to realized purpose in the Subjective Logic. I conclude by drawing out some implications of self-surprise for Hegel's method in the Logic and in the subsequent Realphilosophie.
Neutralizing Secularism: Religious Antiliberalism and the Twentieth-Century Global Ecumenical Project
Authors: Akande Rabiat 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA marked feature of the contemporary U.S. constitutional landscape is the campaign by an Evangelical-Catholic coalition against the idea of secularism, understood by this alliance to mean the exclusion of religion from the state and its progressive marginalization from social life. Departing from the tendency to treat this project as a national phenomenon, this article places it within a longer global genealogy of an earlier international Christian ecumenical effort to combat secularism. The triumph of that campaign culminated in the making of Article 18 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, now considered the paradigmatic international legal provision on religious liberty. Article 18’s protection of the rights to proselytize and convert, I argue, was a product of an impassioned contestation between an ecumenical movement keen on securing the prerogative to spread the gospel to the non-Christian world and a secularism in a strange alliance with Islam in the region that held the greatest promise for the evangelical enterprise—Muslim Africa. In excavating the genealogy of ecumenical thought as it developed a critique of the so-called secularist threat, I recover the delicate links between the contemporary U.S. anti-secular campaign and the earlier ecumenical efforts.
JOAN LA BARBARA AND THE NEW WILDERNESS PRESERVATION BAND, 1973–74
Authors: O'Brien Kerry 
Published: July 2022

AbstractJoan La Barbara's involvement in the New Wilderness Preservation Band is an often cited but virtually unknown period of her history. And yet it may have been one of the most generative periods of her early career. Drawing upon archival documents, unreleased recordings and interviews, I narrate the history of the band, including La Barbara's early use of extended vocal techniques. I argue that her work in the band reflected a mode of collaborative authorship that is often lost in retellings of her history, and that her emergence in 1974 as a composer reflected a broader tension around authorship in bands and ensembles during these years.
Problematising war: Towards a reconstructive critique of war as a problem of deviance
Authors: Andrä Christine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article redirects extant critiques of the modern problem of war at this problem's underlying logic of deviance. According to this logic, war constitutes a kind of international conduct that contravenes behavioural norms and that can be corrected through diagnostic and didactic means. Thereby, war is rendered into a problem falling within the scope of human agency. However, this agency rests on and reproduces this logic's constitutive blind spots. Therefore, it seems imperative to develop ways of problematising war otherwise. The article provides two starting points for (critical) IR scholarship seeking to undertake such a project. Firstly, it combines two Foucaultian tools, the concept of problematisation and the method of genealogy, to direct critique at the logics underlying our evaluative – analytical, ethical, and political – judgements. Secondly, it uses these tools to trace the contingent emergence of the logic of deviance in a crucial example within the wider genealogy of the problem of war: the Carnegie Endowment's commission of inquiry into the Balkan Wars of 1912 and 1913. Based on original archival research, I highlight different elements of this inquiry's problematisation of war – its frames, assumptions, ways of knowing, and subjects of knowledge – to make them available for reconstruction.
LITHIC AND FAUNAL EVIDENCE FOR CRAFT PRODUCTION AMONG THE MIDDLE PRECLASSIC MAYA AT CEIBAL, GUATEMALA
Authors: Sharpe Ashley E. , Aoyama Kazuo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study examines artifact production using lithic, animal bone, and shell materials at the lowland Maya site of Ceibal, Guatemala, to explore the emergence and societal role of early crafting specialists. During the Middle Preclassic period (1000–350b.c.), ancient Maya society went through a critical transition to sedentary settlements, including the development of large-scale monumental construction endeavors for ceremonial activities, increasingly nucleated settlement patterns, and the differential control of prestigious objects. Excavations across Ceibal recovered one of the largest Middle Preclassic assemblages of lithic and faunal material to date. We examine these materials in order to understand the nature of their manufacturing processes, the association between lithic production and bone/shell processing for meat and artifact production, and compare these activities with evidence from other Middle Preclassic sites and from the later Classic period. We find that Middle Preclassic middens are often disturbed or incorporated into later construction episodes over many generations, making the identification of such activities difficult, although not impossible, to identify archaeologically. Evidence for crafting is often found near ceremonial structures where Ceibal's early elite would have been present, suggesting that they were closely involved in the production process.
Evaluation of the Prevalence of Malaria and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Pre- and Post-Disaster Years in Iran
Authors: Najjari Mohsen , Rezaeian Shahab , Sheikhbardsiri Hojjat , Afgar Ali , Ebrahimipour Mohammad 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground/Objective:Natural disasters (NDs) are calamitous phenomena that can increase the risk of infections in disaster-affected regions. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of malaria and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) before and after earthquakes, floods, and droughts during the past four decades in Iran.Methods:Malaria and CL data were obtained from the reports of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in Iran for the years 1983 through 2017. The data of NDs were extracted from the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED). Interrupted time series analysis with linear regression modeling was used to estimate time trends of mentioned diseases in pre- and post-disaster conditions.Results:For the periods preceding the disasters drought and flood, a decreasing time trend for malaria and CL was found over time. The time trend of malaria rate preceding the 1990 earthquake was stable, a downward trend was found after 1990 disaster until 1997 (β coefficient: −10.7; P = .001), and this declining trend was continued after 1997 disaster (β coefficient: −2.7; P = .001). The time trend of CL rate preceding the 1990 earthquake had a declining trend, an upward trend was found after 1990 earthquake until 1999 (β coefficient: +8.7; P = .293), and a slight upward trend had also appeared after 1999 earthquake (β coefficient: +0.75; P = .839).Conclusion:The results of the current study indicated the occurrence of earthquakes, floods, and droughts has no significant effect on the frequency of malaria and CL in Iran.
How to quantify bilingual experience? Findings from a Delphi consensus survey
Authors: De Cat Cécile , Kašćelan Draško , Prévost Philippe , Serratrice Ludovica , Tuller Laurie , Unsworth Sharon ,   The Q-BEx Consortium
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhile most investigations of bilingualism document participants’ language background, there is an absence of consensus on how to quantify bilingualism. The high number of different language background questionnaires used by researchers and practitioners jeopardises data comparability and cross-pollination between research and practice. Using the Delphi consensus survey method, we asked 132 panellists (researchers, speech and language therapists, teachers) from 29 countries to rate 124 statements on a 5-point agreement scale. Consensus was pre-defined as 75% agreement threshold. After two survey rounds, 79% of statements reached consensus. The need for common measures to quantify bilingualism was acknowledged by 96% of respondents. Agreement was reached to document: language exposure and use, language difficulties, proficiency (when it cannot be assessed directly), education and literacy, input quality, language mixing practices, and attitudes (towards languages and language mixing). We discuss the implications of these findings for the creation of a new tool to quantify bilingual experience.
Nutrient profiles of commercially produced complementary foods available in Cambodia, Indonesia and the Philippines
Authors: Bassetti Eleonora , Zehner Elizabeth , Mayhew Susannah H , Nasser Nadine , Mulder Anzélle , Badham Jane , Sweet Lara , Crossley Rachel , Pries Alissa M 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjective:To assess the nutritional suitability of commercially produced complementary foods (CPCF) marketed in three South-East Asian contexts.Design:Based on label information declared on the products, nutrient composition and content of CPCF were assessed against the WHO Europe nutrient profile model (NPM). The proportion of CPCF that would require a ‘high sugar’ warning was also determined.Setting:Khsach Kandal district, Cambodia; Bandung City, Indonesia; and National Capital Region, Philippines.Participants:CPCF products purchased in Cambodia (n 68) and Philippines (n 211) in 2020, and Indonesia (n 211) in 2017.Results:Only 4·4 % of products in Cambodia, 10·0 % of products in Indonesia and 37·0 % of products in the Philippines fully complied with relevant WHO Europe NPM nutrient composition requirements. Sixteen per cent of CPCF in Cambodia, 27·0 % in Indonesia and 58·8 % in the Philippines contained total sugar content levels that would require a ‘high sugar’ warning.Conclusions:Most of the analysed CPCF were not nutritionally suitable to be promoted for older infants and young children based on their nutrient profiles, with many containing high levels of sugar and sodium. Therefore, it is crucial to introduce new policies, regulations and standards to limit the promotion of inappropriate CPCF in the South-East Asia region.
The contribution of breastfeeding to a healthy, secure and sustainable food system for infants and young children: monitoring mothers’ milk production in the food surveillance system of Norway
Authors: Smith Julie P , Lande Britt , Johansson Lars , Baker Phillip , Bærug Anne 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjective:The mother–child breastfeeding dyad is a powerful force for achieving healthy, secure and sustainable food systems. However, food system reports exclude breastfeeding and mother’s milk. To help correct this omission and give breastfeeding women greater visibility in food systems dialogue and action, we illustrate how to estimate mother’s milk production and incorporate this into food surveillance systems, drawing on the pioneering experience of Norway to show the potential value of such analysis.Design:The estimates use data on the proportion of children who are breastfed at each month of age (0–24 months), annual number of live births and assumptions on daily human milk intake at each month. New indicators for temporal and cross-country comparisons are considered.Setting:It is assumed that a breastfeeding mother on average produces 306 l of milk during 24 months of lactation.Participants:The annual number of live births is from Statistics Norway. Data for any breastfeeding at each month of age, between 0 and 24 months, are from official surveys in 1993, 1998–1999, 2006–2007, 2013 and 2018–2019.Results:Estimated total milk production by Norwegian mothers increased from 8·2 to 10·1 million l per year between 1993 and 2018–2019. Annual per capita production increased from 69 to 91 l per child aged 0–24 months.Conclusions:This study shows it is feasible and useful to include human milk production in food surveillance systems as an indicator of infant and young child food security and dietary quality. It also demonstrates significant potential for greater milk production.
Image-Based Analysis of Weathered Slag for Calculation of Transport Properties and Passive Carbon Capture
Authors: Khudhur Faisal W K , Macente Alice , MacDonald John M , Daly Luke 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Weathering of silicate-rich industrial wastes such as slag can reduce emissions from the steelmaking industry. During slag weathering, different minerals spontaneously react with atmospheric CO2 to produce calcite. Here, we evaluate the CO2 uptake during slag weathering using image-based analysis. The analysis was applied to an X-ray computed tomography (XCT) dataset of a slag sample associated with the former Ravenscraig steelworks in Lanarkshire, Scotland. The element distribution of the sample was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Two advanced image segmentation methods, namely trainable WEKA segmentation in the Fiji distribution of ImageJ and watershed segmentation in Avizo ® 9.3.0, were used to segment the XCT images into matrix, pore space, calcite, and other precipitates. Both methods yielded similar volume fractions of the segmented classes. However, WEKA segmentation performed better in segmenting smaller pores, while watershed segmentation was superior in overcoming the partial volume effect presented in the XCT data. We estimate that CO2 has been captured in the studied sample with an uptake between 20 and 17 kg CO2/1,000 kg slag for TWS and WS, respectively, through calcite precipitation.
India’s Opportunities and Challenges in Establishing a Twin Registry: An Unexplored Human Resource for the World’s Second-Most Populous Nation
Authors: Dhar Ruby , Rana Shweta , Srivastava Tryambak Pratap , Nayek Arnab , Sharma Jai Bhagwan , Kaur Digjeet , Kalari Krishna R. , Singh Harpreet , Karmakar Subhradip 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNature and nurture have always been a prerogative of evolutionary biologists. The environment’s role in shaping an organism’s phenotype has always intrigued us. Since the inception of humankind, twinning has existed with an unsettled parley on the contribution of nature (i.e. genetics) versus nurture (i.e. environment), which can influence the phenotypes. The study of twins measures the genetic contribution and that of the environmental influence for a particular trait, acting as a catalyst, fine-tuning the phenotypic trajectories. This is further evident because a number of human diseases show a spectrum of clinical manifestations with the same underlying molecular aberration. As of now, there is no definite way to conclude just from the genomic data the severity of a disease or even to predict who will get affected. This greatly justifies initiating a twin registry for a country as diverse and populated as India. There is an unmet need to set up a nationwide database to carefully curate the information on twins, serving as a valuable biorepository to study their overall susceptibility to disease. Establishing a twin registry is of paramount importance to harness the wealth of human information related to the biomedical, anthropological, cultural, social and economic significance.
The Microwave Snow Grain Size: A New Concept to Predict Satellite Observations Over Snow‐Covered Regions
Authors: Picard G. , Löwe H. , Domine F. , Arnaud L. , Larue F. , Favier V. , Le Meur E. , Lefebvre E. , Savarino J. , Royer A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSatellite observations of snow‐covered regions in the microwave range have the potential to retrieve essential climate variables such as snow height. This requires a precise understanding of how microwave scattering is linked to snow microstructural properties (density, grain size, grain shape and arrangement). This link has so far relied on empirical adjustments of the theories, precluding the development of robust retrieval algorithms. Here we solve this problem by introducing a new microstructural parameter able to consistently predict scattering. This “microwave grain size” is demonstrated to be proportional to the measurable optical grain size and to a new factor describing the chord length dispersion in the microstructure, a geometrical property known as polydispersity. By assuming that the polydispersity depends on the snow grain type only, we retrieve its value for rounded and faceted grains by optimization of microwave satellite observations in 18 Antarctic sites, and for depth hoar in 86 Canadian sites using ground‐based observations. The value for the convex grains (0.6) compares favorably to the polydispersity calculated from 3D micro‐computed tomography images for alpine grains, while values for depth hoar show wider variations (1.2–1.9) and are larger in Canada than in the Alps. Nevertheless, using one value for each grain type, the microwave observations in Antarctica and in Canada can be simulated from in‐situ measurements with good accuracy with a fully physical model. These findings improve snow scattering modeling, enabling future more accurate uses of satellite observations in snow hydrological and meteorological applications.
Rupture Model for the 29 July 2021 MW 8.2 Chignik, Alaska Earthquake Constrained by Seismic, Geodetic, and Tsunami Observations
Authors: Ye Lingling , Bai Yefei , Si Daojun , Lay Thorne , Cheung Kwok Fai , Kanamori Hiroo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA great earthquake struck the Semidi segment of the plate boundary along the Alaska Peninsula on 29 July 2021, re‐rupturing part of the 1938 rupture zone. The 2021 MW 8.2 Chignik earthquake occurred just northeast of the 22 July 2020 MW 7.8 Simeonof earthquake, with little slip overlap. Analysis of teleseismic P and SH waves, regional Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) displacements, and near‐field and far‐field tsunami observations provides a good resolution of the 2021 rupture process. During ∼60‐s long faulting, the slip was nonuniformly distributed along the megathrust over depths from 32 to 40 km, with up to ∼12.9‐m slip in an ∼170‐km‐long patch. The 40–45 km down‐dip limit of slip is well constrained by GNSS observations along the Alaska Peninsula. Tsunami observations preclude significant slip from extending to depths <25 km, confining all coseismic slip to beneath the shallow continental shelf. Most aftershocks locate seaward of the large‐slip zones, with a concentration of activity up‐dip of the deeper southwestern slip zone. Some localized aftershock patches locate beneath the continental slope. The surface‐wave magnitude MS of 8.1 for the 2021 earthquake is smaller than MS = 8.3–8.4 for the 1938 event. Seismic and tsunami data indicate that slip in 1938 was concentrated in the eastern region of its aftershock zone, extending beyond the Semidi Islands, where the 2021 event did not rupture.
Quantification of the Seasonal Intrusion of Water Masses and Their Impact on Nutrients in the Beibu Gulf Using Dual Water Isotopes
Authors: Lao Qibin , Zhang Shuwen , Li Zhiyang , Chen Fajin , Zhou Xin , Jin Guangzhe , Huang Peng , Deng Ziyun , Chen Chunqing , Zhu Qingmei , Lu Xuan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA new data set of seasonal stable water isotopes (δD and δ18O) and temperature‐salinity profiles was applied to improve our understanding of water mass distributions and their impact on the environment of the Beibu Gulf (BG). Our study revealed that the coastal current (CC), West‐Guangdong coastal current (WGCC), and South China Sea water (SCSW) were the three dominant water masses in the BG, and their influence was exhibited in seasonal variations. The CC was the dominant contributor to the BG water during summer (43%) and fall (45%), while it changed to the intrusion of SCSW with higher salinity in winter (57%). The contribution of WGCC to the BG was relatively stable during the three seasons (24%–31%). In addition, the nutrients in the BG were greatly affected by different water mixing occurring in the gulf. The nutrients mainly originated from the CC in summer (52%–68%) and fall (32%–69%), while the dominant source shifted to the WGCC in winter (36%–69%). Moreover, the contribution of SCSW to the nutrients loading (15%–49%) in the BG was relatively high due to its high contribution (57%) to the BG water during winter. These indicated that the BG has a stable input of external nutrients from different water masses to sustain primary production in the BG. Our study uses dual water isotopes to quantify the seasonal intrusion of water masses and their impact on nutrients, providing a new method to study the impact of the distribution of water masses on nutrients in the gulf.
Coupling Warm Rain With an Eddy Diffusivity/Mass Flux Parameterization: 2. Sensitivities and Comparison to Observations
Authors: Smalley M. A. , Suselj K. , Lebsock M. D. , Witte M. K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis is the second part of the description and validation of the coupling of a warm‐rain microphysics scheme to a stochastic multi‐plume eddy‐diffusivity/mass‐flux parameterization. Part 1 provides the model description and initial validation of the parameterization in a single column model (SCM) against large eddy simulations. This manuscript provides additional comparisons against satellite observations of 500 unique simulation cases, an analysis of model parameter‐based sensitivities in those 500 cases, and an evaluation of the idealized LES case study paradigm for parameterization development. The SCM is forced by a weather reanalysis in the subtropical northeast Pacific region characterized by the stratocumulus‐to‐cumulus cloud transition. 18 scalar outputs are examined to identify the sensitivities to 22 of the model's parameters. The model is highly sensitive to parameters that determine the behavior of convective plumes, which collectively lead to the most sensitivity in 13 of the 18 outputs. Only a few parameters contribute sensitivities that are not highly correlated with those of other parameters. While forcing the model with two canonical field campaign cases results in similar picture of which parameters lead to high sensitivity in model outputs, the sensitivity magnitudes can be overestimated compared to when the model is forced by weather reanalyzes.