bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CAV2 promotes the invasion and metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas by regulating S100 proteins
Authors: Wang Yafei , Wang Yun , Liu Ruoyan , Wang Chunli , Luo Yi , Chen Liwei , He Yuchao , Zhu Keyun , Guo Hua , Zhang Ze , Luo Jingtao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMore than half of HNSCC patients are diagnosed with advanced disease. Locally advanced HNSCC is characterized by tumors with marked local invasion and evidence of metastasis to regional lymph nodes. CAV2 is a major coat protein of caveolins, important components of the plasma membrane. In this study, CAV2 was found to profoundly promote invasion and stimulate metastasis in vivo and in vitro. CAV2 was demonstrated to be a key regulator of S100 protein expression that upregulates the proteins levels of S100s, which promotes the invasion and migration and downregulates the expression of tumor suppressors. Mechanistically, CAV2 directly interacts with S100s in HNSCC cells, and CAV2 reduces S100A14 protein expression by promoting its ubiquitylation and subsequent degradation via the proteasome. Moreover, we discovered that CAV2 promotes the interaction between S100A14 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM29 and increases TRIM29 expression. Taken together, our findings indicate that CAV2 promotes HNSCC invasion and metastasis by regulating the expression of S100 proteins, presenting a novel potential target for anticancer therapy in HNSCC.
Over 130 cm2/Vs Hall mobility of flexible transparent conductive In2O3 films by excimer-laser solid-phase crystallization
Authors: Nomoto Junichi , Koida Takashi , Yamaguchi Iwao , Makino Hisao , Kitanaka Yuuki , Nakajima Tomohiko , Tsuchiya Tetsuo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFlexible transparent electrodes on flexible plastic sheets are in significant demand for use in flexible perovskite solar cells (f-PSCs). However, the combination of the broadband high optical transparency and low electrical resistivity required for the tandemization of f-PSCs sets a stringent requirement on flexible transparent electrodes that are based on traditional Sn-doped In2O3 (ITO) films, owing to the high free-carrier concentration needed to reduce the electrical resistivity. Herein, we used excimer laser irradiation to achieve a Ce and H codoped In2O3 (ICO:H) film on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) that had ultrahigh electron mobility of 133 cm2/Vs, which is the highest among those reported for flexible transparent electrodes, and low sheet resistance of 14.2 Ω/□, which is approximately three times lower than the 40 Ω/□ sheet resistance of commercially available ITO/PET. Furthermore, compared to ITO, this ICO:H film had higher infrared transparency. These nontrivial performances were achieved by an optimized excimer-laser solid-phase crystallization process guided by the correlation between laser pulse counts and the volume fractions of the amorphous and crystalline phases in the films. These high performances resolved the problems faced by ITO films, thus facilitating the performance of flexible solar cells and optoelectronic devices.
Efficient and accurate frailty model approach for genome-wide survival association analysis in large-scale biobanks
Authors: Dey Rounak , Zhou Wei , Kiiskinen Tuomo , Havulinna Aki , Elliott Amanda , Karjalainen Juha , Kurki Mitja , Qin Ashley ,   FinnGen, Lee Seunggeun , Palotie Aarno , Neale Benjamin , Daly Mark , Lin Xihong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWith decades of electronic health records linked to genetic data, large biobanks provide unprecedented opportunities for systematically understanding the genetics of the natural history of complex diseases. Genome-wide survival association analysis can identify genetic variants associated with ages of onset, disease progression and lifespan. We propose an efficient and accurate frailty model approach for genome-wide survival association analysis of censored time-to-event (TTE) phenotypes by accounting for both population structure and relatedness. Our method utilizes state-of-the-art optimization strategies to reduce the computational cost. The saddlepoint approximation is used to allow for analysis of heavily censored phenotypes (>90%) and low frequency variants (down to minor allele count 20). We demonstrate the performance of our method through extensive simulation studies and analysis of five TTE phenotypes, including lifespan, with heavy censoring rates (90.9% to 99.8%) on ~400,000 UK Biobank participants with white British ancestry and ~180,000 individuals in FinnGen. We further analyzed 871 TTE phenotypes in the UK Biobank and presented the genome-wide scale phenome-wide association results with the PheWeb browser.
Imprinting fidelity in mouse iPSCs depends on sex of donor cell and medium formulation
Authors: Arez Maria , Eckersley-Maslin Melanie , Klobučar Tajda , von Gilsa Lopes João , Krueger Felix , Mupo Annalisa , Raposo Ana Cláudia , Oxley David , Mancino Samantha , Gendrel Anne-Valerie , Bernardes de Jesus Bruno , da Rocha Simão Teixeira 
Published: September 2022

AbstractReprogramming of somatic cells into induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) is a major leap towards personalised approaches to disease modelling and cell-replacement therapies. However, we still lack the ability to fully control the epigenetic status of iPSCs, which is a major hurdle for their downstream applications. Epigenetic fidelity can be tracked by genomic imprinting, a phenomenon dependent on DNA methylation, which is frequently perturbed in iPSCs by yet unknown reasons. To try to understand the causes underlying these defects, we conducted a thorough imprinting analysis using IMPLICON, a high-throughput method measuring DNA methylation levels, in multiple female and male murine iPSC lines generated under different experimental conditions. Our results show that imprinting defects are remarkably common in iPSCs, but their nature depends on the sex of donor cells and their response to culture conditions. Imprints in female iPSCs resist the initial genome-wide DNA demethylation wave during reprogramming, but ultimately cells accumulate hypomethylation defects irrespective of culture medium formulations. In contrast, imprinting defects on male iPSCs depends on the experimental conditions and arise during reprogramming, being mitigated by the addition of vitamin C (VitC). Our findings are fundamental to further optimise reprogramming strategies and generate iPSCs with a stable epigenome.
Interface engineering breaks both stability and activity limits of RuO2 for sustainable water oxidation
Authors: Du Kun , Zhang Lifu , Shan Jieqiong , Guo Jiaxin , Mao Jing , Yang Chueh-Cheng , Wang Chia-Hsin , Hu Zhenpeng , Ling Tao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDesigning catalytic materials with enhanced stability and activity is crucial for sustainable electrochemical energy technologies. RuO2 is the most active material for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in electrolysers aiming at producing ‘green’ hydrogen, however it encounters critical electrochemical oxidation and dissolution issues during reaction. It remains a grand challenge to achieve stable and active RuO2 electrocatalyst as the current strategies usually enhance one of the two properties at the expense of the other. Here, we report breaking the stability and activity limits of RuO2 in neutral and alkaline environments by constructing a RuO2/CoOx interface. We demonstrate that RuO2 can be greatly stabilized on the CoOx substrate to exceed the Pourbaix stability limit of bulk RuO2. This is realized by the preferential oxidation of CoOx during OER and the electron gain of RuO2 through the interface. Besides, a highly active Ru/Co dual-atom site can be generated around the RuO2/CoOx interface to synergistically adsorb the oxygen intermediates, leading to a favourable reaction path. The as-designed RuO2/CoOx catalyst provides an avenue to achieve stable and active materials for sustainable electrochemical energy technologies.
A small molecule antagonist of SMN disrupts the interaction between SMN and RNAP II
Authors: Liu Yanli , Iqbal Aman , Li Weiguo , Ni Zuyao , Wang Yalong , Ramprasad Jurupula , Abraham Karan Joshua , Zhang Mengmeng , Zhao Dorothy Yanling , Qin Su , Loppnau Peter , Jiang Honglv , Guo Xinghua , Brown Peter J. , Zhen Xuechu , Xu Guoqiang , Mekhail Karim , Ji Xingyue , Bedford Mark T. , Greenblatt Jack F. , Min Jinrong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSurvival of motor neuron (SMN) functions in diverse biological pathways via recognition of symmetric dimethylarginine (Rme2s) on proteins by its Tudor domain, and deficiency of SMN leads to spinal muscular atrophy. Here we report a potent and selective antagonist with a 4-iminopyridine scaffold targeting the Tudor domain of SMN. Our structural and mutagenesis studies indicate that both the aromatic ring and imino groups of compound 1 contribute to its selective binding to SMN. Various on-target engagement assays support that compound 1 specifically recognizes SMN in a cellular context and prevents the interaction of SMN with the R1810me2s of RNA polymerase II subunit POLR2A, resulting in transcription termination and R-loop accumulation mimicking SMN depletion. Thus, in addition to the antisense, RNAi and CRISPR/Cas9 techniques, potent SMN antagonists could be used as an efficient tool to understand the biological functions of SMN.
Electrosynthesis of formamide from methanol and ammonia under ambient conditions
Authors: Meng Nannan , Shao Jiang , Li Hongjiao , Wang Yuting , Fu Xiaoli , Liu Cuibo , Yu Yifu , Zhang Bin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractElectrochemical conversion of abundant carbon- and nitrogen-containing small molecules into high-valued organonitrogen compounds is alluring to reducing current dependence on fossil energy. Here we report a single-cell electrochemical oxidation approach to transform methanol and ammonia into formamide under ambient conditions over Pt electrocatalyst that provides 74.26% selectivity from methanol to formamide and a Faradaic efficiency of 40.39% at 100 mA cm−2 current density, gaining an economic advantage over conventional manufacturing based on techno-economic analysis. A 46-h continuous test performed in the flow cell shows no performance decay. The combined results of in situ experiments and theoretical simulations unveil the C–N bond formation mechanism via nucleophilic attack of NH3 on an aldehyde-like intermediate derived from methanol electrooxidation. This work offers a way to synthesize formamide via C–N coupling and can be extended to substantially synthesize other value-added organonitrogen chemicals (e.g., acetamide, propenamide, formyl methylamine).
Multi-biofunctional graphene oxide-enhanced poly-L-lactic acid composite nanofiber scaffolds for ovarian function recovery of transplanted-tissue
Authors: Yan Liang , Wang Lingjuan , Wu Jiachen , Wu Yuanzheng , Zhu Xianyu , Mei Qiaojuan , Song Yinhua , Liu Yang , Zhang Ling , Ai Jihui , Li Kezhen , Qing Guangming , Zhang Yong , Xiao Xianjin , Zhao Yuliang , Xiang Wenpei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, we successfully constructed the new graphene oxide/poly-L-lactic acid (GO/PLLA) nanofiber scaffolds with a hydrophilic surface and porous network structure that were highly favorable for cell infiltration. When employed these new nanofiber scaffolds for a wide range of tissue engineering applications, it was expected to promote graft tissue survival and angiogenesis. The new GO/PLLA nanofiber scaffold with an appropriate concentration of 1.0 wt% was applied for the restoration of ovarian function and reserve in mice with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). After co-transplanting the normal ovarian cortex loaded on these new nanomaterials into the in situ ovarian tissue of POI mice, the fusion of transplanted ovarian cortex with damaged ovarian tissue was improved, as well as the ovarian function and the follicle numbers. Moreover, angiogenesis was observed clearly and proved to exist in the transplanted tissue and nanomaterials, with the most conspicuous effect after co-transplantation with 1.0 wt% GO/PLLA nanofiber scaffold. In addition, nitric oxide (NO) production by phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (p-eNOS) in vivo was proven to be involved in the effect of GO and PLLA on the improved survival rate of the transplanted ovarian cortex. This study provides a new method for the fertility preservation of ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation, as well as a new strategy for the transplantation of other organs.
Spatio-temporal superconducting dynamics driven by THz fields from topological spintronic terahertz emitters
Authors: Niedzielski Björn , Schulz Dominik , Berakdar Jamal 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMetastructures of spintronic THz emitters can be engineered to have a well-defined topology characterized by a topological charge. The emitted THz radiation possesses a phase-locked transversal and longitudinal components with the ratio of which being tunable by the topological charge of the underlying metastructure. The THz fields so produced are employed to drive and spatio-temporally modulate the superconducting order parameter in a type II superconductor. Using a time-dependent Landau-Ginzburg approach, it is demonstrated how the topology of the THz fields is reflected in a texturing of the superconducting phase and density. Full numerical simulations illustrate the emergence and the nanoscale steering of Abrikosov vortices as well as the local modification of the superconducting density and transport properties of nanoscale samples with different geometries. The study highlights the potential of metamaterials based on spintronic THz emitters as a coherent source for spatially and vectorially modulated THz radiation.
Non-invasive contactless analysis of an early drawing by Raffaello Sanzio by means of optical methods
Authors: Quintero Balbas Diego , Dal Fovo Alice , Montalbano Letizia , Fontana Raffaella , Striova Jana 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStudying highly valuable and fragile Renaissance drawings requires a non-invasive contactless analytical approach. In this work, we study an early drawing by Raffaello Sanzio, one of the most important artists of the Italian Renaissance, realized during his stay in Florence (1504–1508). Our analyses aimed to reveal the features of the paper support significant for its dating, identify and map the drawing media to understand the artist’s technical approach, and document the drawing condition with imaging and single-sited optical methods. Reflectance Vis–NIR multispectral imaging spectroscopy elaborated with False-Colour and Principal Component Analysis provided information about the paper support and the drawing media. Laser scanning micro-profilometry and Optical Coherence Tomography allowed revealing the superficial micro-scale features of the support. The chemical composition of the different drawing materials was characterized by μ-Raman spectroscopy, which provided also some evidence of the conservation history of the drawing. Integration of spectroscopic and imaging data shows that Raffaello used different dry drawing media (carbon-based and Pb stylus) to sketch the figure and then refined the details and shadows with iron-gall ink. The paper presents a methodological approach for the analytical examination of fragile paper artworks.
Turing instability in quantum activator–inhibitor systems
Authors: Kato Yuzuru , Nakao Hiroya 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTuring instability is a fundamental mechanism of nonequilibrium self-organization. However, despite the universality of its essential mechanism, Turing instability has thus far been investigated mostly in classical systems. In this study, we show that Turing instability can occur in a quantum dissipative system and analyze its quantum features such as entanglement and the effect of measurement. We propose a degenerate parametric oscillator with nonlinear damping in quantum optics as a quantum activator–inhibitor unit and demonstrate that a system of two such units can undergo Turing instability when diffusively coupled with each other. The Turing instability induces nonuniformity and entanglement between the two units and gives rise to a pair of nonuniform states that are mixed due to quantum noise. Further performing continuous measurement on the coupled system reveals the nonuniformity caused by the Turing instability. Our results extend the universality of the Turing mechanism to the quantum realm and may provide a novel perspective on the possibility of quantum nonequilibrium self-organization and its application in quantum technologies.
Structural organization and sequence diversity of the complete nucleotide sequence encoding the Plasmodium malariae merozoite surface protein-1
Authors: Putaporntip Chaturong , Kuamsab Napaporn , Rojrung Rattanaporn , Seethamchai Sunee , Jongwutiwes Somchai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP1) is a prime candidate for an asexual blood stage vaccine against malaria. However, polymorphism in this antigen could compromise the vaccine’s efficacy. Although the extent of sequence variation inMSP1has been analyzed from variousPlasmodiumspecies, little is known about structural organization and diversity of this locus inPlasmodium malariae(PmMSP1). Herein, we have shown thatPmMSP1contained five conserved and four variable blocks based on analysis of the complete coding sequences. Variable blocks were characterized by short insertion and deletion variants (block II), polymorphic nonrepeat sequences (block IV), complex repeat structure with size variation (block VI) and degenerate octapeptide repeats (block VIII). Like other malarialMSP1s, evidences of intragenic recombination have been found inPmMSP1. The rate of nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions significantly exceeded that of synonymous nucleotide substitutions in block IV, suggesting positive selection in this region. Codon-based analysis of deviation from neutrality has identified a codon under purifying selection located in close proximity to the homologous region of the 38 kDa/42 kDa cleavage site ofP. falciparum MSP1. A number of predicted linear B-cell epitopes were identified across both conserved and variable blocks of the protein. However, polymorphism in repeat-containing blocks resulted in alteration of the predicted linear B-cell epitope scores across variants. Although a number of predicted HLA-class II-binding peptides were identified in PmMSP1, all variants of block IV seemed not to be recognized by common HLA-class II alleles among Thai population, suggesting that diversity in this positive selection region could probably affect host immune recognition. The data on structural diversity inPmMSP1could be useful for further studies such as vaccine development and strain characterization of this neglected malaria parasite.
Characteristics of urine spraying and scraping the ground with hind paws as scent-marking of captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)
Authors: Kinoshita Kodzue , Suzuki Misa , Sasaki Yuuta , Yonezawa Aya , Kamitani Hisayoshi , Okuda Ryuta , Ishikawa Tatsuya , Tsukui Kenta , Kohshima Shiro 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOlfactory communication is common in felids. We observed two scent-markings, urine spraying and scraping the ground with hind paws during excretion, of 25 captive cheetahs. We analyzed the association of sniffing with the timing of urine spraying and scraping, and differences in these behaviors based on sex, age, and captive environment to understand the olfactory communication among cheetahs. Both scent-markings were strongly associated with sniffing, especially scraping, and the presence or absence of scent was thought to be a trigger. Both behaviors were observed only in adults; scraping was observed only in males. To our knowledge, this study was first to confirm the discharge of secretions from the anal glands during scraping. The frequencies of both behaviors were significantly higher in males kept in shared enclosures containing other individuals than in males kept in monopolized enclosures, while there was no difference in the frequencies among females. Female cheetahs are solitary and have non-exclusive home range, whereas male cheetahs are either solitary or live in coalition groups and there are territorial and non-territorial males. Our results could be attributed to the differences in sociality between the sexes and effect of the living environment.
Prediction of visual function from automatically quantified optical coherence tomography biomarkers in patients with geographic atrophy using machine learning
Authors: Balaskas Konstantinos , Glinton S. , Keenan T. D. L. , Faes L. , Liefers B. , Zhang G. , Pontikos N. , Struyven R. , Wagner S. K. , McKeown A. , Patel P. J. , Keane P. A. , Fu D. J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGeographic atrophy (GA) is a vision-threatening manifestation of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), one of the leading causes of blindness globally. Objective, rapid, reliable, and scalable quantification of GA from optical coherence tomography (OCT) retinal scans is necessary for disease monitoring, prognostic research, and clinical endpoints for therapy development. Such automatically quantified biomarkers on OCT are likely to further elucidate structure–function correlation in GA and thus the pathophysiological mechanisms of disease development and progression. In this work, we aimed to predict visual function with machine-learning applied to automatically acquired quantitative imaging biomarkers in GA. A post-hoc analysis of data from a clinical trial and routine clinical care was conducted. A deep-learning automated segmentation model was applied on OCT scans from 476 eyes (325 patients) with GA. A separate machine learning prediction model (Random Forest) used the resultant quantitative OCT (qOCT) biomarkers to predict cross-sectional visual acuity under standard (VA) and low luminance (LLVA). The primary outcome was regression coefficient (r2) and mean absolute error (MAE) for cross-sectional VA and LLVA in Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letters. OCT parameters were predictive of VA (r2 0.40 MAE 11.7 ETDRS letters) and LLVA (r2 0.25 MAE 12.1). Normalised random forest feature importance, as a measure of the predictive value of the three constituent features of GA; retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-loss, photoreceptor degeneration (PDR), hypertransmission and their locations, was reported both on voxel-level heatmaps and ETDRS-grid subfields. The foveal region (46.5%) and RPE-loss (31.1%) had greatest predictive importance for VA. For LLVA, however, non-foveal regions (74.5%) and PDR (38.9%) were most important. In conclusion, automated qOCT biomarkers demonstrate predictive significance for VA and LLVA in GA. LLVA is itself predictive of GA progression, implying that the predictive qOCT biomarkers provided by our model are also prognostic.