bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical and mechanical properties of Tectona grandis wood after oil heat treatment process
Authors: Wahab R , Kamarulzaman R , Razali S M , Sulaiman M S , Mokhtar N , Edin T , Razak M H 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A study was carried out to investigate the effect of an oil heat treatment process on the physical and mechanical properties of the 10 and 15-year-old cultivated Tectona grandis wood. All the wood specimens typically possess the sapwood having lighter colour than the dark colour heartwood, and turning these woods into products at this stage results in uneven colour due to the combination of sapwood and heartwood. The situation was to decrease the aesthetic value of the product. Therefore, the oil heat-treatment process enhanced and improved the physical and mechanical properties of the wood in the long run. In designing this study, factors such as the wood height, wood portion, temperatures applied, and treatment duration are considered. The sapwood and heartwood of wood underwent the hot oil treatment process using oil palm crude oil at 160°C, 200°C, and 240°C for 2 hours., respectively. The physical and mechanical properties of the treated wood were determined following the ASTM standards. The relationship between the physical and mechanical properties and treatment variables was determined using the correlation analysis. The results showed that temp. is one of the main variables affecting the properties of treated wood.
The dissipative dynamic performances of dielectric elastomer actuator with viscoelastic effects
Authors: Li Jin , Zhang Yao , Nguyen TuanDung , Sun Lijie , Tran DanhQuang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
With large deformability and high energy density, Dielectric elastomers (DEs) deserve interest in soft robotics. Many challenges remain in the real-world applications, for the dynamic performance of dielectric elastomer actuator and their energy efficiency are affected by the dissipation mechanisms in the actuators. Concerning the viscoelasticity of DEs, we present a modeling approach to describe the dissipation mechanism to predict how the dissipative process affects the dynamic behavior. The validity and generalization of the model have been extensively verified under various excitation voltages (different peak voltages, frequencies, pre-stretching, and signal waveforms). For harmonic voltages at different frequencies (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1 Hz), the root mean square error is less than 5.99%. The phase difference was adopted to quantify the viscoelastic hysteresis dissipative behavior of DEs. The results show that the viscoelastic hysteresis is sensitive to frequency and waveform. In addition, we found that the viscoelastic hysteresis of the DEs under harmonic excitation can be improved by inserting a small amount of saw-tooth excitation loads. This finding is particularly useful for the actuation of soft actuators and soft robots, which use alternating loads as the dominant excitation signal. For future applications, this model presents a method to describe the dissipative behaviors in dynamic actuation quantitatively and paves the way to high-performance actuation control and manipulations for soft robots.
High-resolution x-ray monochromatic imaging for laser plasma diagnostics based on toroidal crystal
Authors: SI 司 Haoxuan 昊轩 , DONG 董 Jiaqin 佳钦 , FANG 方 Zhiheng 智恒 , JIANG 蒋 Li 励 , YI 伊 Shengzhen 圣振 , WANG 王 Zhanshan 占山 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Monochromatic x-ray imaging is an essential method for plasma diagnostics related to density information. Large-field high-resolution monochromatic imaging of a He-like iron (Fe XXV) K
α
characteristic line (6.701 keV) for laser plasma diagnostics was achieved using a developed toroidal crystal x-ray imager. A high-index crystal orientation Ge 〈531〉 wafer with a Bragg angle of 75.37° and the toroidal substrate were selected to obtain sufficient diffraction efficiency and compensate for astigmatism under oblique incidence. A precise offline assembly method of the toroidal crystal imager based on energy substitution was proposed, and a spatial resolution of 3–7 μm was obtained by toroidal crystal imaging of a 600 line-pairs/inch Au grid within an object field of view larger than 1.0 mm. The toroidal crystal x-ray imager has been successfully tested via side-on backlight imaging experiments of the sinusoidal modulation target and a 1000 line-pairs/inch Au grid with a linewidth of 5 μm using an online alignment method based on dual positioning balls to indicate the target and backlighter. This paper describes the optical design, adjustment method, and experimental results of a toroidal crystal system in a laboratory and laser facility.
The First Biological Portrait of Stalk-Eyed Fruit Flies: Life History, Reproductive Biology and Host Use Patterns in Pelmatops spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Huangfu Ning , Wang Yong , Zeng Yu , Chua Tock H , Zhu Chaodong , Chen Xiaolin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The stalk-eyed fruit flies, with their eyes borne at the ends of long stalks, are distinctly different from all other members of the family Tephritidae (Diptera). They resemble stalk-eyed flies (Diptera, Diopsidae) but they are much larger and their antennae are located in the middle of the head instead of on the eye stalks. The stalk-eyed fruit flies are represented by two genera (Pelmatops Enderlein and Pseudopelmatops Shiraki) mainly found in the Oriental tropics and subtropics, but their basic biology remains poorly documented. Here, we describe the life history, reproductive biology, and host use patterns of Pelmatops spp. (mainly P. ichneumoneus (Westwood)). These flies used two local brambles, Rubus setchuenensis and R. multibracteatus (Rosales, Rosaceae), as hosts, with females laying eggs below the epidermal tissue. The larvae bore into the stem, where they feed, eventually dropping to the ground to pupate in the soil. We describe the pupal morphology and eclosion, including the elongation of their eye stalks, feeding, mating, and agonistic behavior in adults. We observed mating between female P. ichneumoneus and male P. tangliangi and tentatively suggest that the two species could be conspecific. Our work presents the first detailed report on the biology of stalk-eyed fruit flies and it lays a significant foundation for future studies on the ecology and evolution of this group.
The effects of Formoterol in preventing adipogenesis and obesity are mediated by PPARγ/C/EBPα axis and AMPK/PGC-1α pathway
Authors: Zhang Xiaoli , Che Liqun , Shan Jie , Wang Yanbing , Jia Yuanyuan , Wu Hongjing 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Recent work suggests that Formoterol could be involved in the metabolic regulation of adipose tissue. It's unknown whether Formoterol possesses an effect against adipogenesis. Here, we found that Formoterol prevented adipocyte differentiation by reducing lipid accumulation, evidenced by reduced Oil Red O staining, declined intracellular triglyceride level, and downregulation of adipogenic factors (PPAR-γ, C/EBPα, and Glut4) in differentiation medium (MDI) stimulated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The administration of Formoterol ameliorated obesity in high fat diet (HFD) fed mice, which was evidenced by decreased body weight and ratio of fat/body weight, reduced adipocyte size, and decreased visceral adipocyte tissue weight. Furthermore, the expression level of adipogenic factors in white adipocyte tissues of HFD-fed mice was greatly repressed by Formoterol. Lastly, thermogenic markers (p-AMPK/AMPK, PGC-1α, and UCP-1) were dramatically upregulated by Formoterol. Collectively, Formoterol prevented adipogenesis and obesity in obese mice by regulating the PPARγ/C/EBPα axis and the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway.
MobilityTransformR: an R package for effective mobility transformation of CE-MS data
Authors: Salzer Liesa , Witting Michael , Schmitt-Kopplin Philippe 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSummaryWe present MobilityTransformR, an R/Bioconductor package for the effective mobility scaling of capillary zone electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) data. It uses functionality from different R packages that are frequently used for data processing and analysis in MS-based metabolomics workflows, allowing the subsequent use of reproducible transformed CE-MS data in existing workflows.Availability and implementationMobilityTransformR is implemented in R (Version &gt;= 4.2) and can be downloaded directly from the Bioconductor database (https://bioconductor.org/packages/MobilityTransformR) or GitHub (https://github.com/LiesaSalzer/MobilityTransformR).Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Random field modeling of multi-trait multi-locus association for detecting methylation quantitative trait loci
Authors: Lyu Chen , Huang Manyan , Liu Nianjun , Chen Zhongxue , Lupo Philip J , Tycko Benjamin , Witte John S , Hobbs Charlotte A , Li Ming 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMotivationCpG sites within the same genomic region often share similar methylation patterns and tend to be co-regulated by multiple genetic variants that may interact with one another.ResultsWe propose a multi-trait methylation random field (multi-MRF) method to evaluate the joint association between a set of CpG sites and a set of genetic variants. The proposed method has several advantages. First, it is a multi-trait method that allows flexible correlation structures between neighboring CpG sites (e.g. distance-based correlation). Second, it is also a multi-locus method that integrates the effect of multiple common and rare genetic variants. Third, it models the methylation traits with a beta distribution to characterize their bimodal and interval properties. Through simulations, we demonstrated that the proposed method had improved power over some existing methods under various disease scenarios. We further illustrated the proposed method via an application to a study of congenital heart defects (CHDs) with 83 cardiac tissue samples. Our results suggested that gene BACE2, a methylation quantitative trait locus (QTL) candidate, colocalized with expression QTLs in artery tibial and harbored genetic variants with nominal significant associations in two genome-wide association studies of CHD.Availability and implementationhttps://github.com/chenlyu2656/Multi-MRF.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
ChromDMM: a Dirichlet-multinomial mixture model for clustering heterogeneous epigenetic data
Authors: Osmala Maria , Eraslan Gökçen , Lähdesmäki Harri 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMotivationResearch on epigenetic modifications and other chromatin features at genomic regulatory elements elucidates essential biological mechanisms including the regulation of gene expression. Despite the growing number of epigenetic datasets, new tools are still needed to discover novel distinctive patterns of heterogeneous epigenetic signals at regulatory elements.ResultsWe introduce ChromDMM, a product Dirichlet-multinomial mixture model for clustering genomic regions that are characterized by multiple chromatin features. ChromDMM extends the mixture model framework by profile shifting and flipping that can probabilistically account for inaccuracies in the position and strand-orientation of the genomic regions. Owing to hyper-parameter optimization, ChromDMM can also regularize the smoothness of the epigenetic profiles across the consecutive genomic regions. With simulated data, we demonstrate that ChromDMM clusters, shifts and strand-orients the profiles more accurately than previous methods. With ENCODE data, we show that the clustering of enhancer regions in the human genome reveals distinct patterns in several chromatin features. We further validate the enhancer clusters by their enrichment for transcriptional regulatory factor binding sites.Availability and implementationChromDMM is implemented as an R package and is available at https://github.com/MariaOsmala/ChromDMM.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
From monocots to dicots: host shifts in Afrotropical derelomine weevils shed light on the evolution of non-obligatory brood pollination mutualism
Authors: Haran Julien , Procheş Şerban , Benoit Laure , Kergoat Gael J 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWeevils from the tribe Derelomini (Curculionidae: Curculioninae) are specialized brood pollinators engaged in mutualistic relationships with several angiosperm lineages. In brood pollination systems, reproductive plant tissues are used for the development of insect larval stages, whereas adult insects pollinate their plant hosts as a reward. The evolutionary history of derelomines in relationship to their hosts is poorly understood and potentially contrasts with other brood pollination systems, wherein a pollinator lineage is usually associated with a single host plant family. In the case of Afrotropical Derelomini, host records indicate a diverse host repertoire consisting of several families of monocot and dicot plants. In this study, we investigate their phylogenetic relationships, timing of diversification and evolution of host use. Our results suggest that derelomine lineages started their diversification ~40 Mya. Reconstructions of host use evolution support an ancestral association with the monocotyledonous palm family (Arecaceae), followed by several shifts towards other plant families in Afrotropical lineages, especially to dicotyledonous plants from the family Ebenaceae (on the genus Euclea L.). Some level of phylogenetic conservatism of host use is recovered for the lineages associated with either palms or Euclea. Multiple instances of sympatric weevil assemblages on the same plant are also unravelled, corresponding to either single or independent colonization events. Overall, the diversity of hosts colonized and the frequency of sympatric assemblages highlighted in non-obligatory plant–derelomine brood pollination systems contrast with what is generally expected from plant–insect brood pollination systems.
Host interaction mechanisms in herbivorous insects – life cycles, host specialization and speciation
Authors: Jones Lachlan C , Rafter Michelle A , Walter Gimme H 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Why are most herbivorous insects so specialized? How do generalists and specialists differ ecologically? And what sensory and cognitive processes determine which host species an insect recognizes and uses? We review sensory cues involved at different stages of interaction with host plants and outline a unified scheme of insect–host interaction mechanisms. Generalist species may be best understood as specialized organisms with a longer tail of secondary host species that they accept to a lessening extent. Secondary hosts have fewer attractive cues, and hence a lower probability of meeting the stimulation threshold required for egg laying. We then discuss the alternative theories of co-evolution and sequential evolution used to explain the diversification of insect herbivores. We conclude that ‘escape and radiate’ co-evolution rests on unrealistic assumptions and empirical evidence favours sequential evolution of plants and herbivores, and the unique life cycles of insect herbivores may sufficiently explain their extreme diversity within the animal kingdom. We also outline a new speciation-oriented hypothesis to explain why specialists are far more diverse than generalists. Generalists tend to have large, contiguous distributions and therefore lower speciation rates. Natural selection in novel environments may also result in narrowing of the host range more often than broadening, further increasing specialist diversity.
Predictors of Health Literacy among Caregivers of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Family-Centred Empowerment Approach
Authors: Vahedian-Shahroodi Mohammad , Jafari Yasaman , Esmaily Habibullah , Shariati Mohammad , Tehrani Hadi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
With regards to the importance of multiple sclerosis (MS) and the sufferers’ caregivers, and also by focusing on the importance of identifying factors influencing health literacy based on theoretical principles, it is necessary to detect the most effective factors involved in forming these direct or indirect effects. This study aimed to determine the relationship between health literacy and self-efficacy, and knowledge among caregivers of individuals with MS in Iran. One hundred and twenty caregivers of individuals with MS participated in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected through TOFHLA health literacy. Data were analysed using SPSS with independent t-tests, Pearson correlation and linear regression. More than 80 per cent of the participants had border and insufficient health literacy. Statistically, there was a significant relationship between health literacy level and self-efficacy, income source, economic situation and education. The results showed that for every 1 score increase in knowledge, self-efficacy, self-esteem and health literacy increased by 2.17, 0.62 and 2.71, respectively. Considering that there is a significant relationship between health literacy, self-efficacy and the knowledge of caregivers of people with MS, which plays a role in caring for patients, effective strategies should be developed in order to promote health literacy and consequently, the individuals' self-efficacy.
Covid-19 and heterogeneous restrictions: possible consequences for EU cities
Authors: Migheli Matteo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Covid-19 has obliged public authorities to enact several restrictions to citizens’ everyday life. Some of them were or will be transitory, while others may result in long-term changes in production organisation. The analysis offered in this paper links the restrictions to the level of economic freedom of the EU members. The aim is to understand whether these two aspects were related, and the potential legacy of the restrictions for economies and cities. Likely, only teleworking will survive the pandemic, but it might entail major changes in the organisation of production, especially for jobs located in cities.
Risk stratification of patients with cardiac sarcoidosis: the ILLUMINATE-CS registry
Authors: Nabeta Takeru , Kitai Takeshi , Naruse Yoshihisa , Taniguchi Tatsunori , Yoshioka Kenji , Tanaka Hidekazu , Okumura Takahiro , Sato Shuntaro , Baba Yuichi , Kida Keisuke , Tamaki Yodo , Matsumoto Shingo , Matsue Yuya 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Aims
This study evaluated the prognosis and prognostic factors of patients with cardiac sarcoidosis (CS), an underdiagnosed disease.

Methods and results
Patients from a retrospective multicentre registry, diagnosed with CS between 2001 and 2017 based on the 2016 Japanese Circulation Society or 2014 Heart Rhythm Society criteria, were included. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause death, hospitalization for heart failure, and documented fatal ventricular arrhythmia events (FVAE), each constituting exploratory endpoints. Among 512 registered patients, 148 combined events (56 heart failure hospitalizations, 99 documented FVAE, and 49 all-cause deaths) were observed during a median follow-up of 1042 (interquartile range: 518–1917) days. The 10-year estimated event rates for the primary endpoint, all-cause death, heart failure hospitalizations, and FVAE were 48.1, 18.0, 21.1, and 31.9%, respectively. On multivariable Cox regression, a history of ventricular tachycardia (VT) or fibrillation [hazard ratio (HR) 2.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.59–4.00, P &lt; 0.001], log-transformed brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.07–1.53, P = 0.008), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (HR 0.94 per 5% increase, 95% CI 0.88–1.00, P = 0.046), and post-diagnosis radiofrequency ablation for VT (HR 2.65, 95% CI 1.02–6.86, P = 0.045) independently predicted the primary endpoint.

Conclusion
Although mortality is relatively low in CS, adverse events are common, mainly due to FVAE. Patients with low LVEF, with high BNP levels, with VT/fibrillation history, and requiring ablation to treat VT are at high risk.
Multiscale 3-D imaging of the crustal electrical structure beneath the Caosiyao porphyry Mo deposit, North China
Authors: Xu Liuyang , Jin Sheng , Yin Yaotian , Wei Wenbo , Ye Gaofeng , Dong Hao , Zhang Letian , Jing Jian'en , Xie Chengliang 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARY
We proposed a stepwise procedure to obtain a multiscale 3-D resistivity model beneath the Caosiyao porphyry Mo deposit. Due to the joint inversion of data collected from 302 audio-frequency magnetotelluric and 33 broad-band magnetotelluric sites, this model can simultaneously combine both the shallow resolution and detection depth. The near-surface part of the model reveals the high-resolution structures. Specifically, a high-resistivity body (&gt;500 Ω m) is interpreted as the late Jurassic porphyry intruding into the metamorphic basement. Two NE-trending high-conductivity (&lt;100 Ω m) belts are interpreted as fault zones. The one in the southeast extends deeply (&gt;15 km) is suggested to be a crust-scale weak zone and conduit for transporting ore-forming magmas and fluids. The other one is shallow (&lt;2 km), but coincides with outcropped orebodies and alteration zones, so it may have played an important role in the hydrothermal alteration and mineralization. A predominant high-conductivity block (&lt;30 Ω m) occurs within the lower part (∼15–30 km) of the model and connects with Caosiyao deposit through the inferred crust-scale fault. Its enhanced conductivity may result from the abundant fluids. We determined it had been a mid-lower crustal magma chamber providing space for the mixing of ore-forming magmas and fluids, as well as the element exchange during the mineralization. Combined with a previous magnetotelluric imaging, we suggested the heats and fluids needed for the mineralization might have been transported from a giant upper-mantle basaltic magma reservoir as indicated by a conductor beneath the Datong volcanic area through a lithosphere-scale shear zone. Summarily, the multiscale resistivity model provides us a chance to depict the multiscale metallogenic system for the Caosiyao porphyry Mo deposit from the aspect of electrical resistivity.