bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and risk factors of self‐reported psychotic experiences among high school and college students: A systematic review, meta‐analysis, and meta‐regression
Authors: Fekih‐Romdhane Feten , Pandi‐Perumal Seithikurippu R. , Conus Philippe , Krebs Marie‐Odile , Cheour Majda , Seeman Mary V. , Jahrami Haitham A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdolescents are at high risk of incident psychopathology. Fleeting psychotic experiences (PEs) that emerge in young people in response to stress may be warning signs that are missed by research that fails to study stressed populations, such as late high school and college/university students. Our aim in this systematic review was to conduct a meta‐analysis that estimates prevalence rates of PEs in students, and to assess whether these rates differ by gender, age, culture, and COVID‐19 exposure.MethodWe searched nine electronic databases, from their inception until January 31, 2022 for relevant studies. We pooled the estimates using the DerSimonian–Laird technique and random‐effects meta‐analysis. Our main outcome was the prevalence of self‐reported PEs in high school and college/university students. We subsequently analyzed our data by age, gender, population, country, culture, evaluation tool, and COVID‐19 exposure.ResultsOut of 486 studies retrieved, a total of 59 independent studies met inclusion criteria reporting 210′ 024 students from 21 different countries. Nearly one in four students (23.31%; 95% CI 18.41%–29.05%), reported having experienced PEs (heterogeneity [Q = 22,698.23 (62), p = 0.001] τ2 = 1.4418 [1.0415‐2.1391], τ = 1.2007 [1.0205‐1.4626], I2 = 99.7%, H = 19.13 [18.59‐19.69]). The 95% prediction intervals were 04.01%–68.85%. Subgroup analyses showed that the pooled prevalence differed significantly by population, culture, and COVID‐19 exposure.ConclusionThis meta‐analysis revealed high prevalence rates of self‐reported PEs among teen and young adult students, which may have significance for mental health screening in school settings. An important realization is that PEs may have very different mental health meaning in different cultures.
A novel splicing variant in GALNS in mucopolysaccharidosis IVA and the necessity of re‐evaluating primer sequences
Authors: Kim Sang‐Mi , Noh Eu Seon , Park Jong‐Ho , Park Hyung‐Doo , Lee Soo‐Youn , Jang Ja‐Hyun , Cho Sung Yoon 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMucopolysaccharidosis type IVA (MPS IVA; Morquio syndrome type A) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by defects in the lysosomal hydrolase N‐acetylgalactosamine‐6‐sulfatase (GALNS) gene, leading to progressive systemic skeletal dysplasia. Early diagnosis and early intervention with enzyme replacement therapy are crucial for improving outcomes in these patients. However, a relatively high number of patients are genetically undiagnosed due to high allelic heterogeneity and the absence of robust functional evidence for most variants of the GALNS gene. Herein, we report a novel intronic variant identified with RNA analysis and an allele dropout (ADO) event caused by a common benign variant in the primer‐binding site in a Korean boy with MPS IVA.A 28‐month‐old boy presented with pectus carinatum, kyphoscoliosis, and joint hypermobility with multiple skeletal dysplasia involving the vertebrae and hip joint. Total urinary glycosaminoglycans were elevated with a predominant keratan sulfate fraction, and GALNS (EC 3.1.6.4) activity was significantly decreased in leukocytes. Sanger sequencing was performed; however, only one heterozygous intronic variant with uncertain clinical significance, c.566+3A > T (p.(?)), was identified. As the patient exhibited clinical and biochemical features of MPS IVA, we conducted whole genome sequencing (WGS) of the patient and his family to clarify the molecular diagnosis. WGS revealed a compound heterozygous genotype, c.1019G > A (p.(Gly340Asp)) and c.566+3A > T (p.(?)), in the GALNS gene. On mRNA sequencing, c.566+3A > T, was confirmed to cause exon 5 skipping and a premature stop codon. With subsequent investigation, we discovered that the variant, c.1019G > A, was undetected on initial sequencing because of ADO due to a common benign variant (rs3859024:G > C) at the primer annealing location.We present a novel intronic variant with a splicing defect in the GALNS gene and suggest that clinicians review primer sequences in cases not diagnosed on Sanger sequencing before progressing to diagnostic steps such as WGS.
The Unintended Effects of Stock Pledging: A Perspective on the Shareholder–Creditor Conflict*
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Jiu Lili 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper examines whether and how stock pledging by a firm's largest shareholder affects the conflict of interest between shareholders and creditors. We find such stock pledging is negatively associated with corporate risk‐taking. This association is more pronounced for companies with high debt costs before such pledging, with dominant controlling shareholders, and those whose largest shareholders  borrow from small lenders. Further, we find firms subject to such pledging are more likely to be granted new private loans and exhibit greater investment efficiency. Overall, stock pledging by a firm's largest shareholder unintentionally mitigates the shareholder–creditor conflict by reducing corporations' pursuit of risky investments.
Macrophage polarization in placenta accreta and macrophage‐trophoblast interactions
Authors: Che Jia‐hui , Zheng Zi‐meng , Li Ming‐qing , Yao Xiaoying 
Published: August 2022

AbstractProblemPlacenta accreta (PA) is defined by an abnormal invasion of placental trophoblasts into the myometrium, which can lead to serious postpartum complications. Macrophages play an important role in the regulation of trophoblast function. Both granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) and its receptor (granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor receptor, G‐CSFR) have effects on trophoblast invasion. However, the current understanding of G‐CSF secretion, G‐CSFR expression, abnormal polarization of decidual macrophages (dMϕ) in PA and the abnormal invasion of placental trophoblasts into the myometrium are limited.Method of StudyThe polarization of dMϕ in PA was analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM), and the expression of G‐CSFR in placental trophoblasts in PA was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. In an in vitro co‐culture model, we investigated the effects of HTR‐8/SVneo trophoblasts cell line (HTR‐8) on macrophage human monocyte cell line (THP‐1) polarization and G‐CSF secretion, and we also analyzed the effects of THP‐1 cells, especially M2‐like subtype, on primary trophoblasts and HTR‐8 proliferation, invasion, and adhesion. FCM, transwell assays, adhesion assays, and proliferation assays were used in the above model.ResultsCompared with controls (n = 9), dMϕ showed significantly lower levels of M1 markers CD80 and CD86 and higher levels of the M2 markers CD163 and CD206, and G‐CSFR expression of placental trophoblasts was increased in PA (n = 5). In vitro experiments showed that the trophoblast HTR‐8 cell line induced polarization of THP‐1 cells to an M2‐like subtype and increased their secretion of G‐CSF. Furthermore, IL‐4/IL‐13‐induced M2‐like THP‐1 macrophages were able to increase the expression of G‐CSFR, proliferation, invasion and adhesion of both primary trophoblasts and HTR‐8 trophoblasts.ConclusionsThere is an altered immune imbalance at the maternal‐fetal interface in PA, which further may lead to abnormal trophoblast function. G‐CSF and its receptors may play important roles in abnormal polarization of macrophages and abnormal invasion of trophoblasts.
A prospective, randomized clinical trial of emergency treatment of chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia and febrile neutropenia by pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (PEG‐rhG‐CSF)
Authors: Huang Xiaofeng , Li Shuo , Shi Wenjie , Wang Ye , Wan Xinyu , He Jinzhi , Xu Yinggang , Zhang Weiwei , Shi Xiaoqing , Chen Rui , Xu Lu , Zha Xiaoming , Wang Jue 
Published: August 2022

AimsAs one of the mainstays of breast cancer therapy, chemotherapy inevitably induces neutropenia. In this study, we explored the role of PEG‐rhG‐CSF (pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor) in the emergency treatment of chemotherapy‐induced grades 3–4 neutropenia.MethodsA total of 100 patients with breast cancer were randomized (1:1) into the study. Fifty patients randomized to the experimental group were treated with PEG‐rhG‐CSF after grades 3–4 neutropenia following the first cycle of chemotherapy, while 50 patients randomized to the control group received a daily injection of rhG‐CSF (recombinant human granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor). The primary endpoint was the recovery time of grades 3–4 neutropenia.ResultsCompared with patients in the control group, the mean ± SD recovery time of grades 3–4 neutropenia and febrile neutropenia (FN) was significantly shorter for patients in the experimental group (grades 3–4, P = .000; grade 4, P = .000; FN, P = .038). There is no significant difference in the incidence of FN for the two groups. In the experimental group, the duration of grades 3–4 neutropenia in patients aged <60 years and ≥60 years was 2.15 and 3.20 days, respectively (P = .037). Adverse events (AEs) of any grade were reported in 37 (75.5%) and 28 (59.6%) patients from the two groups, respectively. No grade ≥3 AEs were reported.ConclusionThis study supported that the PEG‐rhG‐CSF was more effective and convenient than rhG‐CSF for treating grades 3–4 neutropenia and FN in patients with breast cancer and had manageable toxicity.
A phase 1b/2 clinical study of marstacimab, targeting human tissue factor pathway inhibitor, in haemophilia
Authors: Mahlangu Johnny N. , Lamas Jose Luis , Morales Juan Cristobal , Malan Daniel R. , Šalek Silva Zupančić , Wang Michael , Boggio Lisa N. , Hegemann Inga , Mital Andrzej , Cardinal Matthew , Zhu Tong , Sun Pengling , Arkin Steven 
Published: August 2022

SummaryA phase 1b/2, three‐month study of marstacimab, a human monoclonal antibody targeting tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), was conducted in participants with haemophilia A or B, with or without inhibitors. Participants assigned to four cohorts received escalating weekly doses based on inhibitor status (without inhibitors: 300 mg, a single 300‐mg loading dose with subsequent 150‐mg doses, or 450 mg; with inhibitors: 300 mg). Safety outcomes were treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs), injection site reactions, clinical and laboratory parameter changes. Efficacy was assessed by annualised bleeding rates (ABRs). Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PD) were also evaluated. Among 26 treated participants [haemophilia A without inhibitor, n = 16 (61.5%); haemophilia A with inhibitor, n = 7 (26.9%); haemophilia B, n = 3 (11.5%)], 24 completed the study. Overall, 80.8% experienced TEAEs. ABR during treatment was significantly reduced versus an external on‐demand control group (p < 0.0001) and versus pretreatment ABR (p < 0.0001), with significant reductions observed across all dose cohorts. Marstacimab exposure generally increased in a dose‐related manner, with steady‐state concentration reached by day 57. Changes in pharmacodynamic biomarkers occurred across all dose cohorts. Marstacimab was safe and well tolerated. Clinically meaningful reductions in ABR and treatment‐related changes for all PD biomarkers indicated effective targeting of TFPI. (Clinicaltrials.gov identifier, NCT02974855).
What do older adults think about when formulating implementation intentions for physical activity? Evidence from a qualitative study
Authors: Bösch Valérie Désirée , Warner Lisa Marie , Nyman Samuel R. , Haftenberger Julius , Clarke Kye , Inauen Jennifer 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesPhysical activity is an important health behaviour especially for older adults. Forming implementation intentions is an effective strategy to implement physical activity in daily life for young and middle‐aged adults. However, evidence for older adults is inconclusive. This study explored the thoughts of older adults about implementation intentions and potential barriers and facilitators while formulating them.MethodsThree samples of older adults from the United Kingdom (n = 8), Germany (n = 9) and Switzerland (n = 17) were prompted to think aloud while formulating implementation intentions to be more physically active. After the task, semi‐structured interviews were conducted. Data were analysed thematically.ResultsParticipants expressed pre‐established thoughts about implementation intentions (e.g. they feel too restrictive). During the formulation of implementation intentions, several barriers to creating them were reported (e.g. problems with finding cues due to absence of recurring daily routines), but participants also mentioned that forming implementation intentions acted as a facilitator for physical activity (e.g. cues as useful reminders to be active, task itself triggering self‐reflection about physical activity). After the task, participants reflected on circumstances that decrease the likelihood of enacting implementation intentions (e.g. spontaneous alternative activities, weather, health‐related barriers, Covid‐19‐related barriers), which triggered spontaneous coping planning.ConclusionsThe results on barriers and facilitators of implementation intentions and physical activity from older adults' perspectives provide starting points for improving instructions for older adults on how to create implementation intentions for physical activity. Future studies are needed to investigate whether the findings extend to implementation intentions for other behaviours.
Revisiting gender occupational segregation trends in Canada: 1991–2016
Authors: Kaida Lisa , Boyd Monica 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDespite continued interest in gender (in)equality at work, Canadian research on gender occupational segregation stopped in the early 2000s. We revisit gender occupational segregation trends using newly developed harmonized occupational categories which resolve temporal changes in occupational classifications. Our analysis of the 1991–2016 Canadian Census Masterfiles finds gender occupational segregation, whether measured by the index of dissimilarity or Gini index, has steadily decreased since the 1990s. Yet the pace of its decline has slowed since 2000. This can be explained by the diminishing changes in vertical segregation, measured by inequality in earnings across occupations. Our results contribute to an ongoing debate about a stalled gender revolution. We also suggest new topics for future study.
Longitudinal development of children's sharing behaviour: Only children versus children with siblings from rural China
Authors: Lin Zhumei , Yu Jing , Jiang Yingying , Wang Xiao Tian , Zhu Liqi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study examined the development of children's sharing behaviour towards friends and strangers using dictator games with a longitudinal design in a sample of rural Chinese children (n = 589, 47.0% girls) at 3–4 years old and 2 years later (n = 453, 44.2% girls). Results showed that the willingness to share and the amount of sharing changed over time and were affected by family structure. Only children shared fewer stickers than non‐only children at ages 3–4, but the amount they shared did not differ at ages 5–6. Only children may develop reciprocal friendships at an older age due to their lack of experience with siblings. Children shared more stickers with friends than strangers at ages 3–4, and such ingroup bias became stronger at ages 5–6.
ANAID‐ICH nomogram for predicting unfavorable outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Li Jiawen , Luo Dong , Peng Feifei , Kong Qi , Liu Huawei , Chen Meiyuan , Tong Lusha , Gao Feng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveDiffusion‐weighted imaging lesions (DWILs) are associated with unfavorable outcome in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We proposed a novel predictive nomogram incorporating DWILs.MethodsA total of 738 patients with primary ICH in a tertiary hospital were prospectively enrolled as a training cohort. DWILs were defined as remote focal hyperintensities on DWI corresponding to low intensities on apparent diffusion coefficient images and remote from the focal hematoma. The outcome of interest was modified Rankin Scale scores of 4–6 at 90 days after onset. Multivariate logistic regression was used to construct a nomogram. Model performance was tested in the training cohort and externally validated with respect to discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness in another institute. Additionally, the nomogram was compared with the ICH score in terms of predictive ability.ResultsOverall, 153 (20.73%) and 23 (15.54%) patients developed an unfavorable outcome in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. The multivariate analysis revealed that age, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, anemia, infratentorial location, presence of DWILs, and prior ICH were associated with unfavorable outcome. Our ANAID‐ICH nomogram was constructed according to the aforementioned variables; the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.842 and 0.831 in the training and validation sets, respectively. With regard to the 90‐day outcome, the nomogram showed a significantly higher predictive value than the ICH score in both cohorts.ConclusionsThe ANAID‐ICH nomogram comprising age, NIHSS score, anemia, infratentorial location, presence of DWILs, and prior ICH may facilitate the identification of patients at higher risk for an unfavorable outcome.
Inequality Interactions: The Dynamics of Multidimensional Inequalities
Authors: Segal Paul 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTThis article offers a multidimensional, interdisciplinary and dynamic framework for understanding socio‐economic inequalities. It uses the tools of economic inequality measurement to demonstrate the link between interpersonal and categorical inequalities and to show the effect of progressive redistribution on both. It then presents two new concepts for analysing interactions between varieties of inequality:inequality re‐orderingis defined as a reduction in categorical or group inequalities that leaves interpersonal inequality unchanged, andinequality diversionis defined as a reduction in one form of inequality that increases another form of inequality. The argument that inequality diversion arises across economic and social dimensions is illuminated through two case studies: the transition to increasing meritocracy, and the relationship between professional female labour market participation and domestic service. Exploring these relationships is essential to a joined‐up approach to inequality reduction, enabling us to understand trade‐offs and complementarities in tackling inequalities, and to identify policies required to reduce them.
Capturing complex interactions in disease ecology with simplicial sets
Authors: Silk Matthew J. , Wilber Mark Q. , Fefferman Nina H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNetwork approaches have revolutionized the study of ecological interactions. Social, movement and ecological networks have all been integral to studying infectious disease ecology. However, conventional (dyadic) network approaches are limited in their ability to capture higher‐order interactions. We present simplicial sets as a tool that addresses this limitation. First, we explain what simplicial sets are. Second, we explain why their use would be beneficial in different subject areas. Third, we detail where these areas are: social, transmission, movement/spatial and ecological networks and when using them would help most in each context. To demonstrate their application, we develop a novel approach to identify how pathogens persist within a host population. Fourth, we provide an overview of how to use simplicial sets, highlighting specific metrics, generative models and software. Finally, we synthesize key research questions simplicial sets will help us answer and draw attention to methodological developments that will facilitate this.
Economic aspects of treating seizure clusters
Authors: Faught Edward 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSeizure clusters may initiate a chain of events that have economic as well as clinical consequences. The potential economic consequences of seizure clusters must be weighed against the cost of medication to attenuate them. This is true both for individual patients and for society. Data needed for economic analyses include the chance that a cluster will progress to an adverse outcome, such as a need for emergency care, the costs of such an outcome, the cost of a rescue medication (RM), and the effectiveness of the RM. Indirect costs, such as lost employment for patients and caregivers, must also be considered. Several types of economic analyses can be used to determine costs and benefits of a medical intervention. There are studies comparing different RMs from an economic perspective, but there is little direct information on the costs of using an RM versus allowing clusters to run their course. However, the high expense of consequences of seizure clusters makes it likely that effective RMs will make economic as well as medical sense for many patients.
Recognizing seizure clusters in the community: The path to uniformity and individualization in nomenclature and definition
Authors: Haut Sheryl R. , Nabbout Rima 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSeizure emergencies experienced by patients with epilepsy include status epilepticus and seizure clusters. Although an accepted definition of status epilepticus exists, no clear consensus definition of seizure clusters has emerged; this is further complicated by the appearance in the literature of various empirically based definitions that have been developed for clinical trial study designs. In general, patients with intractable epilepsy have been shown to have a significant risk for acute episodes of increased seizure activity called seizure clusters (also referred to as acute repetitive seizures, among other terms) that differ from their usual seizure pattern. Duration (e.g., number of hours or days) is often included in the definition of a seizure cluster; however, the duration may vary among patients, with some seizure clusters lasting ≥24 h and requiring long‐acting treatment for this period. In addition to seizure cluster duration, the time between seizures and possible acceleration in seizure frequency during the cluster may be important variables. The recognition and treatment of seizure clusters require urgent action because episodes that are not quickly and appropriately treated may lead to injury or progress to status epilepticus or potentially death. Most seizure clusters occur outside a medical facility (in the community) and treatment is usually administered by nonmedical individuals; therefore, health care providers may benefit from a clear description of these potential seizure emergencies that they can then use to educate patients and caregivers on the prompt and appropriate identification of seizure clusters and administration of rescue therapy. Here we explore why greater uniformity is needed in the discussion of seizure clusters. This exploration examines epidemiologic studies of seizure clusters and status epilepticus, inconsistencies in nomenclature and definitions for seizure clusters, practical application of seizure cluster terminology, and the potential use of acute seizure action plans and patient‐specific individualized definitions in the clinical setting.