bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and Immunogenicity of an Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine, WIBP-CorV, in Healthy Children: Interim Analysis of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled, Phase 1/2 Trial
Authors: Xia Shengli , Duan Kai , Zhang Yuntao , Zeng Xiaoqing , Zhao Dongyang , Zhang Huajun , Xie Zhiqiang , Li Xinguo , Peng Cheng , Zhang Wei , Yang Yunkai , Chen Wei , Gao Xiaoxiao , You Wangyang , Wang Xuewei , Wang Zejun , Shi Zhengli , Wang Yanxia , Yang Xuqin , Li Qingliang , Huang Lili , Wang Qian , Lu Jia , Yang Yongli , Guo Jing , Zhou Wei , Wan Xin , Wu Cong , Wang Wenhui , Huang Shihe , Du Jianhui , Nian Xuanxuan , Deng Tao , Yuan Zhiming , Shen Shuo , Guo Wanshen , Liu Jia , Yang Xiaoming 
Published: June 2022

Safe and effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 for children are urgently needed. Here we aimed to assess the safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine candidate, WIBP-CorV, in participants aged 3-17 years. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2 clinical trial was conducted in Henan Province, China, in healthy children aged 3-17 years. 240 participants in phase 1 trial and 576 participants in phase 2 trial were randomly assigned to vaccine or control with an age de-escalation in three cohorts (3-5, 6-12 and 13-17 years) and dose-escalation in three groups (2.5, 5.0 and 10.0μg/dose), and received 3 intramuscular injections at day 0, 28, and 56. WIBP-CorV showed a promising safety profile with approximately 17% adverse reactions within 30 days after injection and no grade 3 or worse adverse events. The most common adverse reaction was injection site pain, followed by fever, which were mild and self-limiting. The geometric mean titers of neutralizing antibody ranged from 102.2 to 1065.5 in vaccinated participants at 28 days after the third vaccination, and maintained at a range of 14.3 to 218.2 at day 180 after the third vaccination. WIBP-CorV elicited significantly higher titers of neutralizing antibody in the cohort aged 3-5 years than the other two cohorts. There were no detectable antibody responses in all alum-only groups. Taken together, our data demonstrate that WIBP-CorV is safe and well tolerated at all tested doses in participants aged 3-17 years, and elicited robust humoral responses against SARS-CoV-2 lasted for at least 6 months after the third vaccination. This study is ongoing and is registered with www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000031809.
Study on Coal Pillar Size Design Based on Non-integral Contact Structure of Coal and Rock Under Static and Dynamic Loads
Authors: Li Qinghai , Li Jingkai , Wang Zhiqiang , Li Kaixin , Zhang Cunzhi 
Published: June 2022

Reasonable coal pillar size of roadway protection is an important guarantee for roadway stability under the action of static-dynamic coupling loadings in deep mines. Coal pillar and roof-floor rock form a non-integral contact structure of coal and rock. However, in the existing literature, there is no research on the size of the coal pillar under static-dynamic coupling loadings based on the non-integral contact structure of coal and rock. In this study, the coal-rock non-integral contact composite specimens are designed, and the coal pillar size is simulated by the radial sizes of the specimens. The failure characteristics of coal-rock under the static-dynamic coupling loadings are studied by the SHPB test, which provides the basis for the design of coal pillar size, and finally determines the reasonable coal pillar size by combining with numerical simulation. The test results show that the strength of the specimens decreases with the decrease of section size of coal and increases with the increase of dynamic load, but there is a critical value for static load. When the coal sections radial sizes are 50, 45, and 40 mm and dynamic loads are applied, the stress-strain curve of the specimens has a plastic stage, but the rest do not exist. The minimum coal section radial size which can ensure the stability of the specimens is 40 mm, and the similar calculation of coal pillar size is 88 m. Combined with numerical simulation, the final coal pillar size is 90 m. This study provides a more accurate and reliable method to determine the size of a coal pillar under the action of static-dynamic coupling loadings.
Episiotomy Practice and Its Associated Factors in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Woldegeorgis Beshada Zerfu , Obsa Mohammed Suleiman , Tolu Lemi Belay , Bogino Efa Ambaw , Boda Tesfalem Israel , Alemu Henok Berhanu 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundEpisiotomy, a surgical procedure that enlarges the vaginal opening during childbirth, was common practice until the early 2000s. Other sources, including the World Health Organization (WHO), advocate for the selective use of episiotomy. Episiotomy rates, on the other hand, have remained high in developing countries, while declining in developed countries. As a result, the current study sought to determine the overall prevalence of episiotomy in Africa as well as the risk factors associated with its practice.MethodsArticles were searched in international electronic databases. A standardized Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and STATA software version 14 were used for data extraction and analysis, respectively. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist was used to write this report. A random-effects meta-analysis model was used to determine the pooled prevalence of episiotomy. A heterogeneity test was conducted using I-Squared (I2) statistics. Egger's test and funnel plots were conducted to detect publication bias. Subgroup analysis was also conducted. Association was expressed through a pooled odds ratio (OR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI).ResultA total of 21 studies with 40,831 participants were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of episiotomy practice was 41.7% [95% CI (36.0–47.4), I2 = 99.3%, P &lt; 0.001). Primiparity [OR: 6.796 (95% CI (4.862–9.498)), P &lt; 0.001, I2: 95.1%], medical doctors- assisted delivery [OR: 3.675 (95% CI (2.034–6.640)), P &lt; 0.001, I2: 72.6%], prolonged second stage of labor [OR: 5.539 (95% CI (4.252–7.199)), P &lt; 0.001, I2: 0.0%], using oxytocin [OR: 4.207 (95% CI (3.100–5.709)), P &lt; 0.001, I2: 0.0%], instrument -assisted vaginal delivery [OR: 5.578 (95% CI (4.285–7.260)), P &lt; 0.001, I2: 65.1%], and macrosomia [OR: 5.32 (95% CI (2.738–10.339)), P &lt; 0.001, I2: 95.1%] were factors associated with episiotomy practice.ConclusionIn this review, the prevalence of episiotomy among African parturients was high. A selective episiotomy practice should be implemented to reduce the high episiotomy rates.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021293382, identifier: CRD42021293382.
Mechanisms of Apoptotic Cell Death by Stainless Steel Nanoparticle Through Reactive Oxygen Species and Caspase-3 Activities on Human Liver Cells
Authors: Almutairi Bader , Ali Daoud , Yaseen Khadijah N. , Alothman Norah S. , Alyami Nouf , Almukhlafi Hanouf , Alakhtani Saad , Alarifi Saud 
Published: June 2022

Background: Nanoparticles are widely used in pharmaceutical, agriculture, and food processing industries and in many other fields. However, the effect of stainless steel nanoparticles (SSNPs) remains unclear. So in this study, we evaluate the effect of SSNPs’ toxicity on human liver (CHANG and HuH-7) cell lines over 24 and 48 h.Methods: We have analyzed the quality, shape, and size of SSNPs using x-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The cytotoxicity and cell growth were determined by using the MTT and wound healing tests. The oxidative stress parameters were determined by measuring ROS generation and antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), due to SSNP exposure on human liver cell lines over 24 and 48 h. The confirmation of the apoptotic effect of SSNPs on livers cells was determined by the Western blot analysis for the expression of apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, bcl2, and p53, and real-time PCR for the expression of apoptotic genes, such as Bax, bcl2, caspase-3, and p53.Results: We have observed the dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity and apoptosis of SSNPs on both cells. The results showed that SSNPs induced cell toxicity, inhibited cell growth, GSH, and increased generation of intracellular ROS and SOD levels at higher concentrations of exposure in both cells. SSNPs showed an apoptotic activity with upregulation of Bax, caspase-3, and p53 and downregulation of the bcl2 gene expression in CHANG and HuH-7 cell lines. Moreover, the immunoblotting assay confirmed the apoptotic activity of SSNPs in cells.Conclusion: In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that SSNPs showed toxic effects on human liver cells via activating the caspase-3 activity and they induced more toxicity in HuH-7 cells than in CHANG cells.
Hearing Impairment With Cognitive Decline Increases All-Cause Mortality Risk in Chinese Adults Aged 65 Years or Older: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study
Authors: Wang Jun , Liu Dan , Tian E. , Guo Zhao-Qi , Chen Jing-Yu , Kong Wei-Jia , Zhang Su-Lin 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundHearing impairment (HI), a highly prevalent sensory impairment affecting older adults, is a risk factor for cognitive decline. However, few studies examined the association between HI and all-cause mortality, and the role of different cognitive states on this relationship in Chinese older adults is poorly understood.MethodsA total of 10,744 Chinese older adults aged 65 years or older were included in the 2011/2012 and 2014 cohorts from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), with the longest follow-up period lasting for up to 8 years. The presence of HI was identified by using a dichotomized metric of self-reported hearing status. All-cause mortality data were ascertained from interviews with family members or relatives of the participants. Cognitive function was evaluated by employing the modified Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), which consisted of seven subdomains (orientation, naming foods, registration, attention and calculation, copy figure, delayed recall, and speech and language). Kaplan–Meier survival curves were constructed to evaluate the different hearing states on overall survival. The risk of mortality over the follow-up period was estimated by using Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs) models.ResultsA conspicuous probability was revealed in the survival relationship between hearing status and all-cause mortality for the total population (p &lt; 0.001). Participants with HI had a higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 2.29, 95% CI: 2.16, 2.42), as compared with their counterparts without HI. The association was robust upon fully adjustment for potential confounders (HR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.14). Compared to HI participants with no cognitive impairment, HI patients with cognitive impairment had a higher mortality risk (HR = 2.31, 95% CI: 2.13, 2.51). Impairment in the subdomains of cognitive function were independently associated with elevated mortality risk in the participants with HI, with an HR ranging from 1.28 (copy figure) to 1.46 (speech and language).ConclusionsCognitive decline was common in individuals with HI, and those with HI and cognitive impairment further increased mortality risk. Our findings prompt a call for actions to improve the hearing status and cognitive function of older people to minimize health risks and improve longevity.
The Association Between Grip Strength and Depression Among Adults Aged 60 Years and Older: A Large-Scaled Population-Based Study From the Longitudinal Aging Study in India
Authors: Wang Jinbao , Zhou Xianghong , Qiu Shi , Deng Linghui , Li Jiakun , Yang Lu , Wei Qiang , Dong Birong 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundThe association between grip strength and depression in elderly individuals in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) has rarely been studied. This study aims to explore the relevance of grip strength and depression in the elderly population using data from a national large-scale population.MethodsThis study was conducted using data from seniors over 60 years old in wave 1 of the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI). Grip strength is the maximum of three measurements by the dynamometer. Depression symptoms were assessed using 10 items on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10) with a 10-point boundary. Multivariate linear regression analysis, non-linear analysis, subgroup analysis, interaction tests and sensitivity analysis were performed.ResultsThere were 27,343 participants in this study, including 19,861 participants with low grip strength and 7,482 participants with normal grip strength. The results revealed that grip strength and depression were negatively correlated in elderly individuals after adequate adjustment for confounding factors [odds ratio (OR) = 1.237, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.172–1.305, p &lt; 0.00001]. The results remained stable after adjusting for all confounding factors (OR = 1.090, 95% CI 1.030–1.155, p = 0.00307). Regression analysis showed that physical activity (PA), comorbidities and cognition may have an impact on the correlation between grip strength and depression symptoms. Smooth curve fit suggested that grip strength and depressive symptoms were linearly related. The interaction test results of gender in the relationship between grip strength and depression were significant (p for interaction &lt; 0.05).ConclusionGrip strength and depression were negatively correlated in older Indians, and larger prospective studies are needed in the future to determine this association.
The Effectiveness of Targeted Electrical Stimulation via Cochlear Implant on Tinnitus-Perceived Loudness
Authors: Di Nardo Walter , Di Cesare Tiziana , Tizio Angelo , Paludetti Gaetano , Fetoni Anna Rita 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionThe cause of tinnitus improvement in cochlear implant (CI) users is not understood. On the basis that a spatially limited dysfunction in the auditory pathway could cause tinnitus, we used single-channel stimulation to evaluate any variation of tinnitus-perceived loudness and identify the cochlear regions involved.Materials and MethodsIt was an observational prospective case-crossover study. After the first mapping, 21 adults with unilateral CI and chronic tinnitus expressed their tinnitus loudness based on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score (0–10) at baseline (L0), during a 10 s single-channel stimulation with C-level of electric current (L1) and 30 min after CI activation (L2). Tinnitus reduction [RT = (L0 – L1) × 100/L0] &gt; 50% was considered significant. VAS outcomes were compared between baseline (L0) and (each) single-channel stimulation (L1) to find the channel with the greatest RT (suppressive channel-SC), whose frequency range revealed the cochlear region involved. Seven patients with asymmetric hearing loss underwent the pitch-matching test to identify the actual frequency evoked by the SC. We compared selective (L1) and non-selective (L2) intracochlear stimulation using paired t-test. Preoperative Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) score was compared with those at 1, 6, and 12 months with paired t-tests to evaluate long-term tinnitus perception.ResultsWe observed a significant reduction of tinnitus loudness during the experimental procedure [L0 (6.4 ± 2.4) vs. L1 (1.7 ± 2.7), p = 0.003]. A total of 15/21 patients (71.4%) had a significant (RT &gt; 50%) and selective improvement, reporting a mean L1 of 0.4 ± 2.0 (p = 0.0001). In 10/15 (66.6%) patients, the SC was in the apical turn, within 1,000 Hz; in 5/15 patients (33.4%) within 4,000 Hz. The cochlear region 125–313 Hz was the most affected by tinnitus improvement (p = 0.0074). Targeted stimulation was more effective than non-selective stimulation [L1 vs. L2 (4.3 ± 2.5), p = 0.0022]. In 3/7 patients, the perceived pitch did not fall within the SC frequency ranges. All patients with selective attenuation described tinnitus as monotone. Patients with non-selective attenuation had polyphonic tinnitus and better THI results after 1 year.ConclusionTargeted intracochlear electrical stimulation improved chronic tinnitus perception, especially in monotone tinnitus, and the apical region was mainly involved. Our results provide new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of tinnitus and targets for innovative therapeutic strategies.
Association of Tibetan Habitual Food and Metabolic Syndrome Among Tibetan People in China: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Li Kehan , Zhang Qiang , Cai Hui , He Ruifeng , Nima Qucuo , Li Yajie , Suolang Deji , Cidan Zhuoga , Wangqing Pingcuo , Zhao Xing , Li Jingzhong , Liu Qiaolan 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundThe association between habitual food intake in Tibet and metabolic syndrome (MetS) is largely unclear.ObjectiveTo examine the association between Tibetan habitual food intake and MetS among Tibetan adults.MethodsA population-based cross-sectional study, named the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort (CMEC) study, was conducted between 2018 and 2019. We used data from all Tibetans in the CMEC in the current study. The participants, 1,954 men and 3,060 women aged 18–79 years, were from Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, Tibet. The habitual dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). MetS was defined according to ATP III guidelines. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the association between five Tibetan habitual foods and MetS.ResultsTsampa, butter tea, and Qing cha intake were associated with reduced prevalence of MetS. Compared with the lowest quartile of each food, odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of medium and high Tsampa intake were 0.59 (0.41–0.85) and 0.53 (0.36–0.77), ORs (95% CIs) of butter tea were 0.67 (0.52–0.88) and 0.61 (0.46–0.81), and Qing cha were 0.85 (0.71–1.03) and 0.75 (0.60–0.93), respectively. When exploring the joint effects of these three foods on MetS, the adjusted ORs and their 95% CIs were 0.65 (0.49–0.87) for the middle intake group and 0.59 (0.42–0.83) for the high intake group as compared with the never/rarely group (p = 0.022 for trend). Associations of MetS with Tibetan noodles and raw beef were not observed.ConclusionTsampa, butter tea, and Qing cha were negatively associated with MetS. The recommendation of increasing the intake of these foods may be beneficial for MetS prevention.
Westernized and Diverse Dietary Patterns Are Associated With Overweight-Obesity and Abdominal Obesity in Mexican Adult Men
Authors: Rodríguez-Ramírez Sonia , Martinez-Tapia Brenda , González-Castell Dinorah , Cuevas-Nasu Lucía , Shamah-Levy Teresa 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionThe prevalence of overweight and obesity in Mexican adults is very high. To identify the dietary characteristics related with this disorder is necessary to design intervention. The objective was to analyze the association between dietary patterns and obesity in Mexican adults.Materials and MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study carried out in Mexican adults (20–59 years old) participating in the Halfway National Health and Nutrition Survey 2016. Participants (n = 5,735) were classified as having normal weight, overweight-obesity and by their abdominal circumference as having abdominal obesity or not. With information from a 7-day food frequency questionnaire, we used a K-means cluster analysis to derive dietary patterns and calculated a healthy diet indicator to evaluate quality. The association between dietary patterns and overweight-obesity and abdominal obesity was assessed with Poisson regression models adjusted by some characteristics.ResultsWe identified a Rural pattern characterized by tortilla, legumes and egg consumption; a Diverse pattern, characterized by fruits, meat and poultry, vegetables, and dairy beverages, and desserts; and a Westernized pattern, characterized by sweetened non-dairy beverages, fast food, bakery and cookies, candies and salty snacks. In men, Westernized pattern was associated with overweight-obesity (PR = 1.11, 95% CI 0.97–1.27), and abdominal obesity (PR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.00–1.33), the Diverse pattern was associated with overweight-obesity (PR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.00–1.38), and abdominal obesity (PR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.07–1.50), compared with the Rural pattern. In women, these dietary patterns were not associated with obesity.DiscussionWesternized and Diverse patterns are associated with overweight and obesity and abdominal obesity in men. Gender-specific recommendations and surveillance are necessary in the Mexican adult population.
Malnutrition and Poor Physical Function Are Associated With Higher Comorbidity Index in Hospitalized Older Adults
Authors: Amasene Maria , Medrano María , Echeverria Iñaki , Urquiza Miriam , Rodriguez-Larrad Ana , Diez Amaia , Labayen Idoia , Ariadna Besga-Basterra 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundThe Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) is the most widely used method to measure comorbidity and predict mortality. There is no evidence whether malnutrition and/or poor physical function are associated with higher CCI in hospitalized patients. Therefore, this study aimed to (i) analyze the association between the CCI with nutritional status and with physical function of hospitalized older adults and (ii) examine the individual and combined associations of nutritional status and physical function of older inpatients with comorbidity risk.MethodsA total of 597 hospitalized older adults (84.3 ± 6.8 years, 50.3% women) were assessed for CCI, nutritional status (the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form [MNA-SF]), and physical function (handgrip strength and the Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB]).ResultsBetter nutritional status (p &lt; 0.05) and performance with handgrip strength and the SPPB were significantly associated with lower CCI scores among both men (p &lt; 0.005) and women (p &lt; 0.001). Patients with malnutrition or risk of malnutrition (OR: 2.165, 95% CI: 1.408–3.331, p &lt; 0.001) as well as frailty (OR: 3.918, 95% CI: 2.326–6.600, p &lt; 0.001) had significantly increased the risk for being at severe risk of comorbidity. Patients at risk of malnutrition or that are malnourished had higher CCI scores regardless of being fit or unfit according to handgrip strength (p for trend &lt; 0.05), and patients classified as frail had higher CCI despite their nutritional status (p for trend &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsThe current study reinforces the use of the MNA-SF and the SPPB in geriatric hospital patients as they might help to predict poor clinical outcomes and thus indirectly predict post-discharge mortality risk.