bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence, characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes of diabetic ketoacidosis in COVID-19 patients without prior insulin dependence: comparison with influenza
Authors: Dell'Aquila Kevin , Lee Jeylin , Alamuri Tharun T. , Jennings Rebecca , Tang Helen , Mahesh Sandhya , Leong Taylor Jan , Fleysher Roman , Henninger Erin M. , Rangareddy Mahendranath , Moghaddam Kasra Jabbary , Veeraraghavan Sudhakar , Soby Selvin , Mirhaji Parsa , Hou Wei , Duong Tim Q. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Whether SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is unclear. This study characterized incidence, patient profiles, risk factors, and outcomes of in-hospital DKA in COVID-19 patients without prior insulin dependence and compared with influenza. This cohort consisted of 13,383 hospitalized COVID-19 patients (March 2020 to July 2022) and 19,165 hospitalized influenza patients (January 2018 to July 2022) in Bronx, NY. Patients with prior DKA and prior insulin use were excluded. Primary outcomes were in-hospital mortality and new-insulin use 3-month post-infection. The incidence of DKA in hospitalized COVID-19 patients was significantly higher than hospitalized influenza patients (1.4% vs. 0.8%, p < 0.05). COVID-19 patients with DKA were more likely to be intubated, receive steroid treatment, and die (mortality OR = 6.178, p < 0.05) than those without DKA. DKA patients without pre-existing diabetes were more likely to die than DKA patients with pre-existing diabetes (OR = 7.56, p < 0.05). Steroid use, pre-existing type-2 diabetes, and male sex were risk factors for DKA. Patients with DKA had a higher rate of insulin use 3 months post SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to those without DKA (8.2% vs. 1.6%, p < 0.05), suggesting SARS-CoV-2 infection could trigger new insulin dependence. Identification of risk factors for DKA and new insulin-dependency could enable careful monitoring and timely intervention.
Disease Burden of Herpes Zoster in China: A Meta-analysis and Evidence Quality Assessment
Authors: Zhang Zhujiazi , Liu Xinnong , Suo Luodan , Pan Jingbin , Zhao Dan , Lu Li 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: This review aimed to estimate the disease burden of herpes zoster (HZ) in China and explore the application of the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach in observational studies of disease incidence.
Methods: We searched for the literature for observational studies analysing HZ incidence in populations of all ages in China and assessed the quality of each study using the guidelines for the evaluation of incidence studies. Meta-analysis models were constructed to calculate the pooled incidence of HZ and pooled risks of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), HZ recurrence, and hospitalisation. The studies were divided into subgroups according to sex, age, and quality assessment score and analysed. The quality of evidence for incidence was rated using the GRADE system.
Results: Twelve studies with a total of 25,928,408 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled incidence for all ages was 4.28‰ (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–7.35). It increased by age group and increased significantly in those aged ≥60 years, which was 11.69‰ (95% CI: 6.56–16.81). The pooled risks of PHN, recurrence, and hospitalisation were 12.6% (95% CI: 10.1–15.1), 9.7% (95% CI: 3.2–16.2) and 6.0/100,000 population (95% CI: 2.3–14.2), respectively. The quality of the evidence assessment of the pooled incidence for all ages was ‘very low’, which was rated down by one category in limitations and one category in publication bias, with no categories rating it up. The result of the quality of evidence assessment for the ≥60 years old subgroup was ‘low’.
Conclusions: HZ is a serious public health problem in China and is more significant in individuals older than 60 years. Therefore, an immunisation strategy for the zoster vaccine should be considered. The GRADE approach can be applied to the rating quality of evidence in disease incidence studies, but the process needs to be more specific and operable.
An Interpretable Hybrid Predictive Model of COVID-19 Cases using Autoregressive Model and LSTM
Authors: Zhang Yangyi , Tang Sui , Yu Guo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a severe threat to global human health and economic. It is an urgent task to build reliable data-driven prediction models for Covid 19 cases to improve public policy making. However, COVID-19 data shows special transmission characteristics such as significant fluctuations and non-stationarity, which may be difficult to be captured by a single predictive model and poses grand challenges in effective forecasting. In this paper, we proposed a novel Hybrid data-driven model combining Autoregressive model (AR) and long short-term memory neural networks (LSTM). It can be viewed as a new neural network model and the contribution of AR and LSTM is auto tuned in the training procedure. We conduct extensive numerical experiments on data collected from 8 counties of California that display various trends. The numerical results show the Hybrid model' advantages over AR and LSTM by its predictive powers. We show that the Hybrid model achieved 4.195% MAPE, outperformed the AR 5.629% and LSTM 5.070% on average, and provide a discussion on interpretability.
Periyasamy et al. Advances in Aerodynamics CFD and XFLR5 analysis of an Active Aeroelastic Wing
Authors: SIVANANDI PERIYASAMY , Gupta Chirag , Durai Hari 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In the present study, the optimum wing and its aerodynamic performance investigation of an Active aeroelastic wing (AAW) structure for an unmanned aerial vehicle that operates at low subsonic speed is presented. AAW technology is a new design for UAV wing structures which ultimately increases its efficiency. The focus is mainly to design a seamless flexible wing structure. The shape changes made from root to tip wing twist enhance the aerodynamic performance of the UAV. Because of the shape change, the weight carrying capacity of the UAV can be increased. In the fluid domain, Numerical Analysis has been done for both the wing. The simulation was performed with maximum velocity of 60 m/s and Reynolds number of 81300 based on incompressible Navier-Stokes equations using 1-equation spalart allmaras turbulent model in CFD and based on the Lifting line theory and vortex lattice approach in XFLR5. Here investigation is about to compare the aeroelastic wing by changing its angle of twist with the normal wing by deflecting its flap. The final goal was to compare the AAW and normal wing computationally by varying their speed, lift-based, and drag-based best result of both the wing has arrived. Drag breakdown analysis on an AAW UAV wing platform is done utilising classical approach, XFLR5, and CFD aerodynamic coefficients estimation methods.
The effects of light-dark schemes on the entrainment ability of the suprachiasmatic nucleus
Authors: Zheng Wenxin , Gu Changgui , Yang Huijie , Rohling Jos H.T. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In mammals, an endogenous clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), synchronizes physiological and biological rhythms to the environmental light-dark cycle. In experiments, most researchers applied rectangular scheme as the external light-dark scheme received by the SCN neuronal oscillators. However, the external light intensity changes gradually throughout the day. Therefore, trapezoidal schemes (twilight) or sinusoidal schemes were also applied. Thus far, the effects of different light-dark schemes on the oscillators of the SCN did not get fully explored. In the present study, we theoretically analyzed how the five common light-dark schemes affect the entrainment ability of the SCN, based on a Poincare model. We numerically found &acute; that when the maximum light intensity, the minimum light intensity, and the total amount of light exposure per cycle were the same, the largest entrainment range was obtained in the oscillators receiving more light in the daytime. However if, under the condition of 12:12-h illumination, the total amount of light exposure per cycle was the same, the maximum light intensity during the day leaded to an increased range of entrainment. Moreover, the entrainment range was reduced when the photoperiod was extended. Note that, increasing the maximum light intensity increased the entrainment ability of all light-dark schemes. Our results exposes the important role of light-dark schemes in the entrainment ability of the SCN network, and provides a potential explanation for the diversity of the entrainment range between diurnal and nocturnal animals.
Reducing emissions of exhaust particles using the synergy of molybdenum disulfide and carbon nanotubes in engine oil additives
Authors: Bojarska Zuzanna , Goławska Weronika , Mazurkiewicz-Pawlicka Marta , Makowski Łukasz 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
To reduce emissions of exhaust particles, using oils with improved properties has been proposed. Nanoadditives can be used to enhance lubricating properties of engine oils. Although many additives have been developed, molybdenum disulfide and carbon nanotubes have attracted significant attention. In this study, we demonstrate that hybrid nanostructures based on these unique materials (MoS2/CNTs) positively affect lubricating properties of the engine oil. Hybrid nanostructures were produced via wet chemical synthesis in impinging jet reactor. This method is characterized by easy scalability and possible continuous operation, which are crucial in material commercialization. Various concentrations of the oil nanoadditives were tested. The application of 0.5 wt% suspension produced the best results, reducing the friction factor at the engine operating temperature by up to 26%. Nanoadditives protected the lubricated parts, causing their wear to be considerably lower than the base oil. The effect of nanoadditives on the quality of exhaust gases was also investigated. The application of the oil with MoS2/CNT reduced the emissions of solid particles in the exhaust gas of a gasoline engine. This research showed that MoS2/CNTs can be successfully used as nanoadditives in engine oils for improving tribological properties, enhancing anti-wear performance, and reducing particle emissions in exhaust gas.
Investigation of the prognostic biomarkers for thymoma
Authors: Cui Jian , Du Xin , Yu Xintao , Yu Tao , Yang Xingguo , Ke Ji , Yu Lei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Thymoma represents the most common anterior mediastinal malignancy and has a close association with autoimmune disease. However, the potential molecular oncogenesis of thymoma has not been fully clarified yet. This study aims to identify hub genes and signaling pathways associated with thymoma to explore the possible pathogenesis of thymoma and analyze their prognostic significance.
Results
A total of 738 DEGs were screened for subsequent analysis. Functional enrichment analysis emphasizes the important roles of the cell cycle signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway, and TGF-β signaling pathway in the development of thymoma. Six hub genes had a close connection with prognosis. The relative higher expression of JUN(HR:4.95[1-24.47], p = 0.031) and the lower expression of CDK1(HR:0.17[0.03–0.83], p = 0.015), E2F2(HR:0.16[0.03–0.83], p = 0.015), MCM2(HR:0.16[0.03–0.82], p = 0.014), MKI67(HR:0.18[0.04–0.89], p = 0.02) and TOP2A(HR:0.12[0.02–0.58], p = 0.0018) was associated with a worse OS in thymoma patients. Besides, E2F2 was particularly overexpressed in type B2 thymoma compared with the other subtypes and normal thymus tissue. Immune infiltration analysis indicated that only E2F2 (r=-0.198, p = 3.35E-02) was negatively correlated with tumor purity. Moreover, the expression of CDK1, E2F2, JUN, and MCM2 was significantly correlated with the infiltration of B cells, CD8 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and DCs.
Conclusion
Among the top 10 hub genes confirmed in thymoma, CDK1, E2F2, MCM2, MKI67, JUN, and TOP2A show prognostic significance and might also play vital roles in immune surveillance and tumor progression. E2F2 might be the potential biomarker for type B2 thymoma.
Effect of a novel pin tool with shoulder at the top of the needle on the formability, microstructure and properties of Al/Mg dissimilar friction stir lap joint
Authors: Jiang Tianfan , Hu Jinpeng , shen Yifu , Sun Tao , Ni Ruiyang , Cao Fujun , Yu Tao , Zhou Guangming 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a novel friction stir welding tool with shoulder at the top of the needle is developed to solve the problems in aluminum/magnesium friction stir lap welding. Based on the structural design of the shoulder at the end of the needle, the temperature difference in the thickness direction of the joint was coordinated, and the aluminum-magnesium dissimilar lapping joint was successfully prepared in two kinds of lapping methods. Taking die cast AZ31B magnesium alloy and extruded 6061 aluminum alloy as the research object, the defects and microstructure of weld joint were observed and analyzed by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. Additionally, their mechanical properties were also evaluated. The results show that a good metallurgical reaction is formed between aluminum and magnesium, and with the increase of the effective plate thickness and the decrease of the effective lap width, the unique hook defect shape of lap welding is optimized, which also promotes the improvement of the mechanical properties of the weld. In the tensile shear experiment, it is found that the tensile shear property is improved due to the change of the shape of the hook defect, and it is a mixed fracture of toughness and brittleness.
Effects of raw and hydrolysed Nannochloropsis gaditana biomass included at low level in finishing diets for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) on fillet quality and shelf life
Authors: Sáez María I. , Galafat Alba , Suárez María D. , Chaves-Pozo Elena , Arizcun Marta , Ayala María D. , Alarcón Francisco J. , Martínez Tomás F. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Numerous studies evaluating the effects of the incorporation of microalgae in feeds have reported favourable impacts on different physiological aspects of aquacultured fish. Although productivity is the major goal in terms of profitability in fish farming, however, qualitative aspects are gaining the attention of producers, given the relevance of quality attributes related to organoleptic parameters, proximal composition, and shelf life on the commercial value of fish. Indeed, microalgae are acknowledged for their richness in substances with potential positive effects on all those quality attributes. In this context, this study assesses the effects of finishing diets enriched with the microalga Nannochloropsis gaditana, either crude or enzymatically hydrolysed, on several quality parameters of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) fillets. Two inclusion levels (2.5 and 5%) of raw and enzymatically hydrolysed microalgal biomass were incorporated into diets, plus a microalgae-free control diet, and a 42-d feeding trial was carried out on fish of commercial size (approx. 500 g body weight). The influence of the experimental diets on fish biometry, fillet quality parameters, and shelf life was evaluated. The results indicate, overall, that microalgae-enriched diets yielded favourable, dose-dependent effects on several objective quality parameters of fillets, namely, improved fatty acid profile, reduced microbial counts, enhanced lipid oxidative status, and improved textural and skin colour attributes. Although the enzymatic pre-treatment of the microalgal biomass was expected to impact positively its functional effects on all quality parameters, however, no general trend was observed.
Protective effect of Crocin on Cuprizone-induced model of Multiple Sclerosis in Mice
Authors: Tashakori Ali , Hassanpour Shahin , Vazir Bita 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Crocin is the main bioactive components of the saffron with neuro generative and protective activity, however, its activity in neurodegenerative disease in not fully elicited. So, the aim of the current study was to determine effects of the crocin on reflexive motor behavior, depressive and serum antioxidant activities on cuprizone-induced (CPZ) model of multiple sclerosis (MS) mice. 40 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into 4 groups. Mice in the control group were treated with normal diet. In group 2, CPZ-induced demyelination was done by chew palate containing 0.2% (w/w) CPZ for 5 weeks. In group 3, normal diet was provided and mice orally received crocin (100 mg/kg) 3 times per week for 5 weeks. In group 4, mice feed CPZ containing diet and orally received crocin (100 mg/kg) three times per for 5 weeks. At the end of the study, reflexive motor behavior and depressive tests were done. Also, serum and brain tissue antioxidant activity was determined. According to the data, crocin had positive effects on hind-limb foot angle, hind- and front-limb suspension, surface righting, grip strength and negative geotaxis while CPZ had adverse effect compare to control group (P < 0.05). Co-administration of the CPZ + crocin significantly decreased adverse effect of the CPZ on the reflexive motor behavior tests (P < 0.05). CPZ significantly increased immobility time in the forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and crocin diminished it (P < 0.05). Co-administration of the CPZ + crocin significantly decreased adverse effect of the CPZ on immobility time (P < 0.05). CPZ decreased number of cross in open field test (OFT) and spending time on rotarod and CPZ + crocin significantly lessened adverse effect of the CPZ (P < 0.05). CPZ significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant status (TAS) and these effects reversed by crocin in brain tissue and serum (P < 0.05). Co-administration of the CPZ + crocin significantly improved adverse effect of the CPZ on serum and brain tissue antioxidants (P < 0.05). These results suggested crocin has protective effect against on CPZ-induced MS in mice.
Efficient adsorption of methyl orange and methylene blue dyes by a novel carbazole-based hyper-crosslinked porous polymer
Authors: He Yan , Guo Zhulei , Chen Mingfan , Wan Sicheng , Peng Nan , Fu Xiaolei , Yuan Dingzhong , Na Bing 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a new type of carbazole-based hyper-crosslinked porous polymer (HCP-CP) was prepared through a very simple “knitted” method. The carbazole and pyrrole as the aromatic building blocks was knitted by the methylene bond under the anhydrous FeCl3 as catalyst. The obtained novel polymer HCP-CP has a good adsorption properties of methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) organic dyes in aqueous solution due to its high surface area and rich nitrogen atoms. The effect of pH, adsorption time, different initial concentration of dyes and adsorption recycle performance were investigated in detailed. The optimum pH is 8 for the adsorption of MB and 6 for the adsorption of MO, respectively. Under the best condition, the Langmuir model fitted the adsorption isotherm well and the adsorption behavior follow pseudo-second-order kinetics. The maximum adsorption capacity of HCP-CP for cationic dye MB (qmax=751.88 mg/g) is more than twice higher than that of anionic dye MO (qmax=274.73 mg/g).These capacity differences may be owing to the stronger electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged nitrogen atoms of HCP-CP with the cationic dye MB than that of MO. Moreover, the used polymer HCP-CP still retain a removal percentage above 92% after 5 times adsorption-desorption recycle. Therefore, this work provided a convenient synthetic route to develop a novel hyper-crosslinked polymer with high capacity for the entrapment of dyes from aqueous solution.
Interaction between mitochondrial homeostasis and barrier function in lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelial cells injury
Authors: Zhu Weiwei , Liu Xiaojing , Luo Liqing , Huang Xiao , Wang Xiaozhi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has a higher mortality rate than ARDS from other causes in intensive care units. Emerging evidence has suggested that mitochondrial homeostasis and barrier function of endothelial cells play a critical role in ARDS development. However, little is known regarding the role of mitochondrial homeostasis in regulating endothelial cells barrier function during sepsis-induced ARDS. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of mitochondrial homeostasis on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endothelial cells barrier function (including glycocalyx and tight junctions [TJs]), as well as their underlying mechanisms. Cells were treated with LPS with or without oligomycin (mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitor) and the morphology of the mitochondria, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) (mtROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential were evaluated to assess mitochondrial function. Moreover, shedding of glycocalyx-heparan sulfate (HS) and HS-specific degrading enzyme heparanase (HPA) levels, and the expression of occludin and zonula occludens (ZO-1) of TJs, which are mediated by myosin light chain phosphorylation (p-MLC), were assessed. The addition of heparinase III, which is an exogenous HPA, could destroy the integrity of the glycocalyx in examining the changes in mitochondrial homeostasis. These results demonstrated that LPS simultaneously increased the mitochondrial swelling, mtROS and mitochondrial membrane potential. Without LPS intervention, only oligomycin effects, HS and HPA levels, and expression of occludin, ZO-1, and p-MLC were elevated. Interestingly, heparinase III not only damaged the glycocalyx by increasing HS shedding, but also increased the mitochondrial swelling and mtROS, and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential. Considered together, we demonstrated that mitochondrial homeostasis is involved in LPS-induced endothelial cells barrier dysfunction by aggravating HPA and p-MLC levels, and in turn, the integrated glycocalyx protects the mitochondrial homeostasis. Overall, the results highlighted barrier function and mitochondrial homeostasis as potential novel targets for the treatment of sepsis-induced ARDS.
Active mantle upwelling through a “Moho hole” under the Hoh-Xil region, Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Li Lun , Dong Shixian , Lu Zhanwu , Guo Xiaoyu , Murphy Michael , Liu Yiduo , Liao Jie , Li Shifu , Gao Rui 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Deep dynamic processes in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is vital to understand asynchronous uplift of the plateau, and hence climate and biodiversity evolution in eastern Asia, yet remain elusive under the isolated Hoh-Xil (HX) region (central-northern TP). Here we image the crust under the HX region using receiver function with an NS-trending ~370 km long dense seismic array. We find a hole at crust-mantle boundary (i.e., “Moho hole”) along with two intra-crustal low seismic velocity layers under the Hoh-Xil-Songpan-Ganzi Terrane (HSGT) and interpret these features as reflecting crust-mantle interactions resulting from active mantle upwelling due to lithospheric removal under the HSGT. We further propose a progressive lithospheric removal model that could best explain Miocene uplift history and deep origin of surface-exposed volcanic rocks with distinct geochemical features in central-northern Tibet. We envision the significant role of lithospheric removal playing in shaping present-day Tibetan topography, structure, and spatiotemporal lithospheric deformation.