bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Nuclear RNAi Pathway Regulates DAF-16/FOXO to ControlC. elegansLongevity andDauerEntry
Authors: Sarmah Sweta , De-Souza Evandro A. , Pinto Silas , Antebi Adam , Mori Marcelo A. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTCaenorhabditis eleganswith impaired insulin/IGF-1 receptor signalling (IIS) or with germline ablation live longer and this phenomenon is entirely dependent on the transcription factor DAF-16 - theC. eleganshomolog of the class O of the forkhead box transcription factors (FoxO). In a candidate RNAi screen designed to search for new modifiers of DAF-16 function among genes involved in histone modification and/or small RNA-mediated silencing pathways, we foundnrde-1, wago-1, andadr-1as positive regulators of DAF-16. We confirmed by several methods and in different models that DAF-16 translocation to the nucleus and, subsequently, its function is tightly controlled by these genes and narrowed down to components of the NRDE complex and the nuclear RNAi pathway as key DAF-16 modulators. Importantly, we found that the NRDE pathway controls DAF-16-mediated longevity anddauerentry. Our epistasis data indicate thatnrde-1interacts withakt-1to control lifespan. We also demonstrated that NRDE-1 acts downstream of AGE-1/PI3K and partially requires mTORC2 and AKT-1 to control DAF-16 translocation. These results unveil a mechanism of regulation ofdauerformation and longevity inC. elegansvia nuclear RNAi-mediated modulation of DAF-16 function in a manner that involves the mTORC2-AKT axis.
Influence of mimicry on extinction risk in Aculeata: a theoretical approach
Authors: Boutin Maxime , Costa Manon , Fontaine Colin , Perrard Adrien , Llaurens Violaine 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPositive ecological interactions can play a role in community structure and species co-existence. A well-documented case of mutualistic interaction is Mullerian mimicry, the convergence of colour pattern in defended species living in sympatry. By reducing predation pressure, Mullerian mimicry may limit local extinction risks of defended species, but this positive effect can be weakened by undefended mimics (Batesian mimicry). While mimicry was well-studied in neotropical butterflies, it remains surprisingly poorly studied in wasps and bees (Hymenoptera: Aculeata). However, only females are defended in Aculeata and this female-limited defence may modulate the effect of Mullerian mimicry on extinction risks. Here, we focus on the effect of Mullerian mimicry on extinction risk in Aculeata, using a population dynamics model for two species. We show that Mullerian mimicry has a positive effect on species co-existence, but this effect depends on the sex-ratio. We found that the probability of extinction increases as the proportion of undefended males increases in the population, however co-existence still occurs if females are sufficiently abundant or noxious. Furthermore, we detected a destabilising effect of dual sex-limited mimicry (when each sex resembles a different model) on species co-existence. In a context of massive population decline caused by anthropic activities, our findings highlight the potential importance of Mullerian mimicry as an overlooked mechanism linked to extinction risk in wasp and bee species.
Tmem117 in AVP neurons regulates the counterregulatory response to hypoglycemia
Authors: Gaspari Sevasti , Labouèbe Gwenaël , Picard Alexandre , Berney Xavier , Sanchez-Archidona Ana Rodriguez , Thorens Bernard 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe counterregulatory response to hypoglycemia (CRR), which ensures a sufficient glucose supply to the brain, is an essential survival function. It is orchestrated by incompletely characterized glucose-sensing neurons, which trigger a coordinated autonomous and hormonal response that restores normoglycemia. Here, we investigated the role of hypothalamicTmem117, identified in a genetic screen as a regulator of CRR. We show thatTmem117is expressed in vasopressin magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamus.Tmem117inactivation in these neurons increases hypoglycemia-induced vasopressin secretion leading to higher glucagon secretion, an estrus cycle phase-dependent effect in female mice.Ex vivoelectrophysiological analysis, in-situ hybridization andin vivocalcium imaging reveal thatTmem117inactivation does not affect the glucose-sensing properties of vasopressin neurons but increases ER-stress, ROS production and intracellular calcium levels accompanied by increased AVP production and secretion. Thus,Tmem117in vasopressin neurons is a physiological regulator of glucagon secretion and highlight the role of these neurons in the coordinated response to hypoglycemia.
Heritable and sex-specific variation in the development of social behavior in a wild primate
Authors: Lange Elizabeth C. , Griffin Madison , Fogel Arielle S. , Archie Elizabeth A. , Tung Jenny , Alberts Susan C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAffiliative social bonds are linked to fitness components in many social mammals. However, despite their importance, little is known about how the tendency to form social bonds develops in young animals, or if the development of social behavior is heritable and thus can evolve. Using four decades of longitudinal observational data from a wild baboon population, we assessed the environmental determinants of an important social developmental milestone in baboons—the age at which a young animal first grooms a conspecific—and we assessed how mother-offspring grooming reciprocity develops during the juvenile period. We found that grooming development differs between the sexes: female infants groom at an earlier age and reach reciprocity in grooming with their mother earlier than males. Using the quantitative genetic ‘animal model’, we also found that age at first grooming behavior for both sexes is weakly heritable (h2= 4.3%). These results show that sex differences in grooming emerge at a young age; that strong, reciprocal social relationships between mothers and daughters begin very early in life; and that age at first grooming is heritable and therefore can be shaped by natural selection.
Phylogenetic reconstructions of Polynesian medicinal plant use reveal adaptive strategies to meet health needs
Authors: Thompson Jamie , Jordan Fiona , Hawkins Julie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractModern migrants using plants to meet their health needs are known to conserve traditional knowledge, but also to innovate to adapt to their new environment. The voyage into Polynesia is amongst the most remarkable of human migrations, resulting in the peopling of isolated, difficult to reach archipelagos. We use this context to determine the role for adaptation in plant-based healthcare at pre-historic timescales. Testing the extent to which the new floristic environments encountered, cultural ancestry or geographic proximity predict the composition of ethnopharmacopoeias, we reveal adaptation to new floristic environments across seven oceanic ethnolinguistic groups. Reconstructions using data that encompass therapeutic applications and plant parts reveal more than three quarters of the plants used cross-culturally have use likely to be innovations by the first migrants into Oceania. For the other plants, there are non-tree-like patterns in therapeutic applications and plant parts used, showing that even when plants have continuity of use there is lability in how they are used. Applying linguistic criteria to the plants with putatively deep cultural uses, we find two, qaoa (Ficus) and walo-walo (Premna), that are highly conserved in therapeutic use, plant part used and with cognate names. Our study highlights the remarkable flexibility of Polynesian people seeking to meet health needs.
Gene expression profile of the developing endosperm in durum wheat provides insight into starch biosynthesis
Authors: Chen Jiawen , Watson-Lazowski Alexander , Vickers Martin , Seung David 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDurum wheat (Triticum turgidumsubsp.durum) is widely grown for pasta production, and more recently, is gaining additional interest due to its resilience to warm, dry climates and its use as an experimental model for wheat research. Like in bread wheat, the starch and protein accumulated in the endosperm during grain development are the primary contributors to the calorific value of durum grains. To enable further research into endosperm development and storage reserve synthesis, we generated a high-quality transcriptomics dataset from developing endosperms of variety Kronos, to complement the extensive mutant resources available for this variety. Endosperms were dissected from grains harvested at eight timepoints during grain development (6 to 30 days post anthesis (dpa)), then RNA sequencing was used to profile the transcriptome at each stage. The largest changes in gene expression profile were observed between the earlier timepoints, prior to 15 dpa. We detected a total of 29,925 genes that were significantly differentially expressed between at least two timepoints, and clustering analysis revealed nine distinct expression patterns. We demonstrate the potential of our dataset to provide new insights into key processes that occur during endosperm development, using starch metabolism as an example. Overall, we provide a valuable resource for studying endosperm development in this increasingly important crop species.
The mechanism of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase whereby positive allosteric modulation elevates cellular NAD+
Authors: Ratia Kiira M. , Shen Zhengnan , Gordon-Blake Jesse , Lee Hyun , Laham Megan S. , Krider Isabella S. , Christie Nicholas , Ackerman-Berrier Martha , Penton Christopher , Knowles Natalie G. , Musku Soumya Reddy , Fu Jiqiang , Velma Ganga Reddy , Xiong Rui , Thatcher Gregory R J 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTIn aging and disease, cellular NAD+is depleted by catabolism to nicotinamide (NAM) and NAD+supple-mentation is being pursued to enhance human healthspan and lifespan. Activation of nicoti namide phosphoribosyl -transferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting step in NAD+biosynthesis, has potential to increase salvage of NAM. Novel NAMPT positive allosteric modulators (N-PAMs) were discovered in addition to demonstration of NAMPT activati on by biogenic phenols. The mechanism of activation was revealed through synthesis of novel chemical probes, new NAMPT co-crystal structures, and enzyme kinetics. Binding to a rear channel in NAMPT regulates NAM binding and turnover, with biochemical observations being replicated by NAD+measurements in human cells. The mechanism of action of N-PAMs identifies, for the first time, the role of the rear channel in regulation of NAMPT turnover coupled to feedback inhibition by NAM. N-PAM inhibition of low affinity, non-productive NAM binding via the rear channel, causes a right-shif t in KI(NAM) that accompanies an increase in enzyme activity. Conversion of an N-PAM to a high-affinity l igand blocks both high and low affinity NAM binding, ablating enzyme activity. In the presence of an N-PAM, NAMPT boosts NAD+biosynthesis at higher NAM concentrations, in addition to relieving inhibition by NAD+. Since cellular stress often leads to enhanced catabolism of NAD+to NAM, this mechanism is relevant to supporting cellular N AD+levels in aging and disease. The tight regulation of cellular NAMPT is differentially regulated by N-PAMs and other activators, indicating that different classes of pharmacological activators may be engineered for cell and tissue selectivity.
Disentangling leaf structural and material properties in relation to their anatomical and chemical compositional traits in oaks (QuercusL.)
Authors: Alonso-Forn David , Sancho-Knapik Domingo , Fariñas María Dolores , Nadal Miquel , Martín-Sánchez Rubén , Ferrio Juan Pedro , Resco de Dios Víctor , Peguero-Pina José Javier , Onoda Yusuke , Cavender-Bares Jeannine , Gómez Álvarez Arenas Tomás , Gil-Pelegrín Eustaquio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe existence of sclerophyllous plants has been considered an adaptive strategy against different environmental stresses. As it literally means “hard-leaved”, it is essential to quantify the leaf mechanical properties to understand sclerophylly. However, the relative importance of each leaf trait on mechanical properties is not yet well established. The genusQuercusis an excellent system to shed light on this since it minimizes phylogenetic variation while having a wide variation in sclerophylly. Thus, leaf anatomical traits and cell wall composition were measured, analyzing their relationship with LMA and leaf mechanical properties in a set of 25 oak species. Outer wall contributed strongly to leaf mechanical strength. Moreover, cellulose plays a critical role in increasing leaf strength and toughness. The PCA plot based on leaf trait values clearly separatedQuercusspecies into two groups corresponding to evergreen and deciduous species. SclerophyllousQuercusspecies are tougher and stronger due to their thicker epidermis outer wall and/or higher cellulose concentration. Furthermore, sectionIlexspecies share common traits regardless of they occupy quite different climates. In addition, evergreen species living in Mediterranean-type climates share common leaf traits irrespective of their different phylogenetic origin.
Neuronal birthdate reveals topography in a vestibular brainstem circuit for gaze stabilization
Authors: Goldblatt Dena , Huang Stephanie , Greaney Marie R. , Hamling Kyla R. , Voleti Venkatakaushik , Perez-Campos Citlali , Patel Kripa B. , Li Wenze , Hillman Elizabeth M. C. , Bagnall Martha W. , Schoppik David 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTAcross the nervous system, neurons with similar attributes are topographically organized. This topography reflects developmental pressures. Oddly, vestibular (balance) nuclei are thought to be disorganized. By measuring activity in birthdated neurons, we revealed a functional map within the central vestibular projection nucleus that stabilizes gaze in the larval zebrafish. We first discovered that both somatic position and stimulus selectivity follow projection neuron birthdate. Next, with electron microscopy and loss-of-function assays, we found that patterns of peripheral innervation to projection neurons were similarly organized by birthdate. Lastly, birthdate revealed spatial patterns of axonal arborization and synapse formation to projection neuron outputs. Collectively, we find that development reveals previously hidden organization to the input, processing, and output layers of a highly-conserved vertebrate sensorimotor circuit. The spatial and temporal attributes we uncover constrain the developmental mechanisms that may specify the fate, function, and organization of vestibulo-ocular reflex neurons. More broadly, our data suggest that, like invertebrates, temporal mechanisms may assemble vertebrate sensorimotor architecture.
Chemical diversity in some biofouling organisms from the western coastal waters of Sri Lanka
Authors: Weerasinghe R L , Ranatunga R R M K P , Chinthaka S D M 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTSri Lanka occupies a strategic position in the Indian Ocean, making the surrounding ocean one of the busiest in the region. The lack of fundamental studies has created a void regarding the physical and chemical behaviour of the fouling community. A few studies have been conducted to assess the subtidal biofouling communities and invasive threats in key ports and surrounding coastal waters. This study explores the chemical diversity and environmental resilience of nine marine macrofouling organisms through secondary metabolite-induced impacts on biofilm formation and volatile component analysis. The anti-settlement assay revealed thatSchizoporella errata, Botrylloides violaceus, Callyspongia diffusa, andAcanthella cavernosashowed significant resistance againstEscherichia colisettlement within the first 12 h (OD600< 0.1). The identification of known compounds with a higher degree of antimicrobial activity, such as dodecanoic acid, methyl palmitate, β-caryophyllene and β-asarone, further supports the findings of anti-settlement activity of macrofouling organisms and likely plays a role in environmental resilience.
Natural history and ecological effects on the establishment and fate of Florida carpenter ant cadavers infected by the parasitic manipulatorOphiocordyceps camponoti-floridani
Authors: Will Ian , Linehan Sara , Jenkins David G. , de Bekker Charissa 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTOphiocordycepsfungi manipulate the behavior of their ant hosts to produce a summit disease phenotype, thereby establishing infected ant cadavers onto vegetation at elevated positions suitable for fungal growth and transmission. Multiple environmental and ecological factors have been proposed to shape the timing, positioning, and outcome of these manipulations.We conducted a long-term field study ofOphiocordyceps camponoti-floridaniinfections ofCamponotus floridanusants – the Florida zombie ants. We propose and refine hypotheses on the factors that shape infection outcomes by tracking the occurrence of and fungal growth from hundreds of ant cadavers. We modeled and report these data in relation to weather, light, vegetation, and attack by hyperparasites.We investigated environmental factors that could affect the occurrence and location of newly manipulated ant cadavers. New cadaver occurrence was preferentially biased toward epiphyticTillandsiabromeliads, canopy openness, and summer weather conditions (an interactive effect of temperature, humidity, and precipitation). Furthermore, we suggest that incident light at the individual cadaver level reflects microhabitat choice by manipulated ants or selective pressure on cadaver maintenance for conditions that improve fungal survival.We also asked which environmental conditions affect fungal fitness. Continued fungal development of reproductive structures and putative transmission increased with moist weather conditions (interaction of humidity and precipitation) and canopy openness, while being reduced by hyperparasitic mycoparasite infections. Moreover, under the most open canopy conditions, we found an atypicalOphiocordycepsgrowth morphology that could represent a plastic response to conditions influenced by high light levels.Taken together, we explore general trends and the effects of various ecological conditions on host and parasite disease outcomes in the Florida zombie ant system. These insights from the field can be used to inform experimental laboratory setups that directly test the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on fungus-ant interactions or aim to uncover underlying molecular mechanisms.
Prediction of amyloid β accumulation from multiple biomarkers using a hierarchical Bayesian model
Authors: Yada Yuichiro , Naoki Honda 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAccumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) in the brain is associated with neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease and can be an indicator of early disease progression. Thus, the non-invasively and inexpensively observable features related to Aβ accumulation are promising biomarkers. However, in the experimental discovery of biomarkers in preclinical models, Aβ and biomarker candidates are usually not observed in identical sample populations. This study established a hierarchical Bayesian model that predicts Aβ accumulation level solely from biomarker candidates by integrating incomplete information. The model was applied to 5×FAD mouse behavioral experimental data. The predicted Aβ accumulation level obeyed the observed amount of Aβ when multiple features were used for learning and prediction. Based on the evaluation of predictability, the results suggest that the proposed model can contribute to discovering novel biomarkers, that is, multivariate biomarkers relevant to the accumulation state of abnormal proteins.
Biochemical analysis, photosynthetic gene (psbA) down–regulation, andin silicoreceptor prediction in weeds in response to exogenous application of phenolic acids and their analogs
Authors: Anwar Sobia , Naseem Saadia , Ali Zahid 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChemical herbicides are the primary weed management tool, although several incidences of herbicide resistance have been emerged, causing serious threat to agricultural sustainability. Plant derived phenolic acids with herbicidal potential may provide organic and eco-friendly substitute to such harmful chemicals. In present study, efficacy of two phenolic compounds, ferulic acid (FA) and gallic acid (GA), were evaluatedin vitroandin vivoagainst three prevalent herbicide-resistant weed species (Sinapis arvensis, Lolium multiflorumandParthenium hysterophorus). FA and GA not only suppressed the weed germination (80 to 60 % respectively), but also inhibited biochemical and photosynthetic pathway of weeds. In addition to significantly lowering the total protein and chlorophyll contents of the targeted weed species, the application of FA and GA treatments increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation. Photosynthetic gene (psbA) expression was downregulated (10 to 30 folds) post 48 h of phenolic application.In silicoanalysis for receptor identification of FA and GA in psbA protein (D1) showed histidine (his-198) and threonine (thr-286) as novel receptors of FA and GA. These two receptors differ from the D1 amino acid receptors which have previously been identified (serine-264 and histidine-215) in response to PSII inhibitor herbicides. Based on its toxicity responses, structural analogs of FA were also designed. Four out of twelve analogs (0.25 mM) significantly inhibited weed germination (30 to 40%) while enhancing their oxidative stress. These results are unique which provide fundamental evidence of phytotoxicity of FA and GA and their analogs to develop cutting-edge plant based formulation to suppress weed growth in future.
Macrophage internalization creates a multidrug-tolerant fungal persister population, providing a permissive reservoir for the emergence of drug resistance
Authors: Arastehfar Amir , Daneshnia Farnaz , Cabrera Nathaly , Penalva-Lopez Suyapa , Sarathy Jansy , Zimmerman Matthew , Shor Erika , Perlin David S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCandida glabratais a major fungal pathogen notable for causing recalcitrant infections, rapid emergence of drug-resistant strains, and its ability to survive and proliferate within macrophages. Resembling bacterial persisters, a subset of genetically drug-susceptibleC. glabratacells can survive lethal exposure to the fungicidal echinocandin drugs. Herein, we show that macrophage internalization induces cidal drug tolerance inC. glabrata, expanding the persister reservoir from which echinocandin-resistant mutants emerge. We show that this drug tolerance is associated with non-proliferation and is triggered by macrophage-induced oxidative stress, and that deletion of genes involved in reactive oxygen species detoxification significantly increases the emergence of echinocandin-resistant mutants. Finally, we show that the fungicidal drug amphotericin B can kill intracellularC. glabrataechinocandin persisters, reducing emergence of resistance. Our study supports the hypothesis that intra-macrophageC. glabratais a reservoir of recalcitrant/drug-resistant infections, and that drug alternating strategies can be developed to eliminate this reservoir.