bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Memory-Aware Functional IR for Higher-Level Synthesis of Accelerators
Authors: Schlaak Christof , Juang Tzung-Han , Dubach Christophe 
Published: January 2022

Specialized accelerators deliver orders of a magnitude of higher performance than general-purpose processors. The ever-changing nature of modern workloads is pushing the adoption of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) as the substrate of choice. However, FPGAs are hard to program directly using Hardware Description Languages (HDLs). Even modern high-level HDLs, e.g., Spatial and Chisel, still require hardware expertise.
This article adopts functional programming concepts to provide a hardware-agnostic higher-level programming abstraction. During synthesis, these abstractions are mechanically lowered into a functional Intermediate Representation (IR) that defines a specific hardware design point. This novel IR expresses different forms of parallelism and standard memory features such as asynchronous off-chip memories or synchronous on-chip buffers. Exposing such features at the IR level is essential for achieving high performance.
The viability of this approach is demonstrated on two stencil computations and by exploring the optimization space of matrix-matrix multiplication. Starting from a high-level representation for these algorithms, our compiler produces low-level VHSIC Hardware Description Language (VHDL) code automatically. Several design points are evaluated on an Intel Arria 10 FPGA, demonstrating the ability of the IR to exploit different hardware features. This article also shows that the designs produced are competitive with highly tuned OpenCL implementations and outperform hardware-agnostic OpenCL code.
How Inclusive are We?
Authors: Bonifati Angela , Mior Michael J. , Naumann Felix , Sina Noack Nele 
Published: January 2022

ACM SIGMOD, VLDB and other database organizations have committed to fostering an inclusive and diverse community, as do many other scientific organizations. Recently, different measures have been taken to advance these goals, especially for underrepresented groups. One possible measure is double-blind reviewing, which aims to hide gender, ethnicity, and other properties of the authors.
We report the preliminary results of a gender diversity analysis of publications of the database community across several peer-reviewed venues, and also compare women's authorship percentages in both single-blind and double-blind venues along the years. We also obtained a cross comparison of the obtained results in data management with other relevant areas in Computer Science.
Sodiated Carbon Fibres for Use in Future Multifunctional Structures
Authors: Harnden Ross , Peuvot Kevin , Zenkert Dan , Lindbergh Göran 
Published: January 2022

The well-known structural properties of PAN-based carbon fibres (CFs) have previously been combined with electrochemical functionalities such as energy storage, solid-state actuation, and strain sensing. These properties have been created through lithium insertion/intercalation in the turbostratic microstructure of the CFs, with the goal of making truly multifunctional structures with potentially large mass and volume savings.
The presented work investigates the insertion of sodium ions into CFs, and whether these multifunctional effects are still observable and exploitable for applications in future multifunctional structures. The motivation for this work comes from the fact that sodium's ionic radius is larger than that of lithium's, and hence a more pronounced multifunctional effect is hypothesised. A secondary motivation comes from a general increase in interest in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) as a more environmentally friendly alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).
In this study it is found that sodium-ion capacity in commercial CFs is considerably less than that of lithium-intercalated CFs, with a maximum first cycle capacity of 180mAh/g in comparison with 327mAh/g for lithium insertion. The cycling stability is found to be less consistent, and the first cycle losses found to be larger when compared with lithium-intercalated CFs in a half-cell set-up.
Using in-situ strain measurements during sodiation and desodiation it is found that sodium insertion creates a lower axial expansion in CFs in comparison with lithium intercalation, even when normalised for capacity. Despite this, the mechanical work available is still significantly larger than that of traditional piezoelectric (PZT) ceramics that are used today for solid-state actuation.
The piezo-electrochemical (PECT) effect, observed in lithium-intercalated CFs - in which mechanical strains produce linearly proportional voltage responses - is also observed for sodiated CFs. The coupling factor k (V/unit strain) is found to be considerably lower in sodiated CFs than in lithium-intercalated CFs for a corresponding state of charge. There is still potential for this effect to be exploited to create self-strain sensing structures, although the lower coupling factor makes sodiated CFs less favourable than lithium-intercalated CFs for this application.
The present work concludes that sodiated CFs have a lower potential for use in multifunctional structures than lithium-intercalated CFs for energy storage, solid-state actuation, and strain sensing. It is acknowledged, however, that continued improvements in electrolytes, and cell design may contribute to an increase in this potential in future.

Figure 1
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α–Induced Protein 8-Like 2 Fosters Tumor-Associated Microbiota to Promote the Development of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Lou Yunwei , Song Miaomiao , Han Meijuan , Zhong Jiateng , Tian Xueqin , Ren Yahan , Song Yaru , Duan Liangwei , Zhao Peiqing , Song Xiangfeng , Zhang Wen , Chen Youhai H. , Wang Hui 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Although increasing evidence links the gut microbiota with the development of colorectal cancer, the molecular mechanisms for microbiota regulation of tumorigenesis are not fully understood. Here, we found that a member of the TNFα-induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8) family called TIPE2 (TNFAIP8-like 2) was significantly upregulated in murine intestinal tumors and in human colorectal cancer, and colorectal cancer with high expression of Tipe2 mRNA associated with reduced survival time of patients. Consistent with these findings, TIPE2 deficiency significantly inhibited the development of colorectal cancer in mice treated with azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate and in Apcmin/+ mice. TIPE2 deficiency attenuated the severity of colitis by successfully resolving and restricting colonic inflammation and protected colonic myeloid cells from death during colitis. Transplantation of TIPE2-deficient bone marrow into wild-type mice successfully dampened the latter's tumorigenic phenotype, indicating a hematopoietic-specific role for TIPE2. Mechanistically, restricting the expansion of Enterobacteriaceae/Escherichia coli (E. coli) decreased intestinal inflammation and reduced the incidence of colonic tumors. Collectively, these data suggest that hematopoietic TIPE2 regulates intestinal antitumor immunity by regulation of gut microbiota. TIPE2 may represent a new therapeutic target for treating colorectal cancer.
Between-Center Variation in Outcome After Endovascular Treatment of Acute Stroke: Analysis of Two Nationwide Registries
Authors: Janssen Paula M. , van Overhagen Katrine , Vinklárek Jan , Roozenbeek Bob , van der Worp H. Bart , Majoie Charles B. , Bar Michal , Černík David , Herzig Roman , Jurák Lubomir , Ostrý Svatopluk , Mikulik Robert , Lingsma Hester F. , Dippel Diederik W.J. ,   on behalf of the MR CLEAN Registry investigators and the SITS TBY Registry investigators from the Czech Republic
Published: January 2022

Background:
Insight in differences in patient outcomes between endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) centers can help to improve stroke care. We assessed between-center variation in functional outcome of patients with acute ischemic stroke who were treated with EVT. We analyzed to what extent this variation may be explained by modifiable center characteristics.

Methods:
We used nationwide registry data of patients with stroke treated with EVT in the Netherlands and in the Czech Republic. Primary outcome was modified Rankin Scale score at 90 days as an indicator of disability. We used multilevel ordinal logistic regression to quantify the between-center variation in outcomes and the impact of patient and center characteristics. Between-center variation was expressed as the relative difference in odds of a more favorable modified Rankin Scale score between a relatively better performing center (75th percentile) and a relatively worse performing center (25th percentile).

Results:

We included a total of 4518 patients treated in 33 centers. Adjusted for patient characteristics, the odds of a more favorable outcome in a center at the 75th percentile of the outcome distribution were 1.46 times higher (95% CI, 1.31–1.70) than the odds in a center at the 25th percentile. Adjustment for center characteristics, including the median time between stroke onset and reperfusion per center, decreased this relative difference in odds to 1.30 (95% CI, 1.18–1.50,
P
=0.01). This translates into an absolute difference in likelihood of good functional outcome of 8% after adjustment for patient characteristics and to 5% after further adjustment for modifiable center characteristics.

Conclusions:
The considerable between-center variation in patient outcomes after EVT for acute ischemic stroke could be largely explained by center-specific characteristics, such as time to reperfusion. Improvement of these parameters may likely result in a decrease in center-specific differences, and an overall improvement in outcome of patients with acute ischemic stroke.
Estimation of the Absolute Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Other Events: Issues With the Use of Multiple Fine-Gray Subdistribution Hazard Models
Authors: Austin Peter C. , Putter Hein , Lee Douglas S. , Steyerberg Ewout W. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
The Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard model is frequently used in the cardiovascular literature to estimate subject-specific probabilities of the occurrence of an event of interest over time in the presence of competing risks. A little-known limitation of this approach is that, for some subjects and for some time points, the sum of the subject-specific probabilities for the different event types (eg, cardiovascular and noncardiovascular death) can exceed one.

Methods:
We used data on 8238 patients hospitalized with congestive heart failure in Ontario, Canada. We fit 2 Fine-Gray subdistribution hazards models, one for cardiovascular death and one for noncardiovascular death and estimated the probability of death due to each cause within 5 years of hospital admission. We also fit 2 cause-specific hazard models for the 2 event types and combined the estimated cause-specific hazard functions to obtain subject-specific estimates of the probabilities of each of the 2 event types occurring within 5 years.

Results:
When adding the probabilities of 5-year cardiovascular death and 5-year noncardiovascular death obtained from the Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard models, 8.6% of subjects had an estimated probability of 5-year all-cause mortality that exceeded 1 (100%). This problem was avoided by fitting 2 cause-specific hazard models, one for each outcome type, and combining the estimated cause-specific hazard functions to obtain subject-specific estimates of the risk of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular death.

Conclusions:
The Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard model may be problematic to use for a comprehensive assessment of absolute risks of multiple outcomes, while the combination of 2 cause-specific hazard models shows better statistical behaviour. Cause-specific modeling should not be discarded in competing risk situations.
American Heart Association’s Life’s Simple 7: Lifestyle Recommendations, Polygenic Risk, and Lifetime Risk of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Hasbani Natalie R. , Ligthart Symen , Brown Michael R. , Heath Adam S. , Bebo Allison , Ashley Kellan E. , Boerwinkle Eric , Morrison Alanna C. , Folsom Aaron R. , Aguilar David , de Vries Paul S. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Understanding the effect of lifestyle and genetic risk on the lifetime risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) is important to improving public health initiatives. Our objective was to quantify remaining lifetime risk and years free of CHD according to polygenic risk and the American Heart Association’s Life’s Simple 7 (LS7) guidelines in a population-based cohort study.

Methods:
Our analysis included data from participants of the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study: 8372 White and 2314 Black participants; 45 years of age and older; and free of CHD at baseline examination. A polygenic risk score (PRS) comprised more than 6 million genetic variants was categorized into low (<20th percentile), intermediate, and high (>80th percentile). An overall LS7 score was calculated at baseline and categorized into “poor,” “intermediate,” and “ideal” cardiovascular health. Lifetime risk and CHD-free years were computed according to polygenic risk and LS7 categories.

Results:
The overall remaining lifetime risk was 27%, ranging from 16.6% in individuals with an ideal LS7 score to 43.1% for individuals with a poor LS7 score. The association of PRS with lifetime risk differed according to ancestry. In White participants, remaining lifetime risk ranged from 19.8% to 39.3% according to increasing PRS categories. Individuals with a high PRS and poor LS7 had a remaining lifetime risk of 67.1% and 15.9 fewer CHD-free years than did those with intermediate polygenic risk and LS7 scores. In the high-PRS group, ideal LS7 was associated with 20.2 more CHD-free years compared with poor LS7. In Black participants, remaining lifetime risk ranged from 19.1% to 28.6% according to increasing PRS category. Similar lifetime risk estimates were observed for individuals of poor LS7 regardless of PRS category. In the high-PRS group, an ideal LS7 score was associated with only 4.5 more CHD-free years compared with a poor LS7 score.

Conclusions:
Ideal adherence to LS7 recommendations was associated with lower lifetime risk of CHD for all individuals, especially in those with high genetic susceptibility. In Black participants, adherence to LS7 guidelines contributed to lifetime risk of CHD more so than current PRSs. Improved PRSs are needed to properly evaluate genetic susceptibility for CHD in diverse populations.
Do College Applicants Respond to Changes in Sticker Prices Even When They Don't Matter?
Authors: Levine Phillip B. , Ma Jennifer , Russell Lauren C. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Do students respond to sticker prices or actual prices when applying to college? These costs differ for students eligible for financial aid. Students who do not understand this may not apply to some colleges because of the perceived high cost. We test for this form of “sticker shock” using College Board data on SAT scores sent, as a proxy for applications, to leading public institutions for students entering college in 2006–13. Some of these institutions guarantee financial aid will meet full financial need. Sticker price increases at those schools would not affect the actual cost after factoring in financial aid and should not affect decisions for those eligible for aid. We exploit the large and variable increases in sticker prices during the Great Recession of 2008. We also control for local labor market conditions to abstract from the recession's impact on individual educational decisions. We find evidence of sticker shock—students unaffected by virtue of institutional aid policies still apply less often. Using data from the National Student Clearinghouse, we also find that price increases at public flagship institutions reduce enrollment of high-achieving students, regardless of financial aid status, who often choose private colleges instead.
Exploring the relationship between perceived susceptibility and severity of falling among older adults in Singapore
Authors: Kwek Vanessa HM , Lim Fiona YQ 
Published: January 2022

Introduction Despite extensive research about improving the effectiveness of falls prevention interventions, at-risk individuals are not always willing recipients. Reasons for rejecting treatments are still poorly understood. Applying the health belief model (HBM), if perceived severity and susceptibility can be understood in the context of falling, this might better inform intervention designs. Method Sixty-two participants were recruited from inpatient wards at a local acute hospital. Participants completed two self-report questionnaires, the Staying Independent Checklist (SIC) and the Falls Efficacy Scale – International (FES-I), measuring perceived susceptibility and severity respectively. Results One-way ANOVA analysis revealed a significant association between FES-I total scores and SIC score categories [ F (1,60) = 6.277, p = .015].Stepwise regression with backward elimination also found that falls history (β = .292, p = .033), sex (β = .269, p = .042), and FIM lower body dressing (β = − .286, p = .035) had significant associations with FES-I scores. Conclusion Level of perceived susceptibility and severity of falling should be considered when determining if falls prevention interventions are relevant, regardless of functional ability and physical health status. Future research to determine the underlying mechanisms which drives health behaviours related to falls prevention should be conducted.
Does bitcoin liquidity resemble the liquidity of other financial assets?
Authors: Ma Rui , Marshall Ben R , Nguyen Nhut H , Visaltanachoti Nuttawat 
Published: January 2022

Bitcoin is becoming a popular financial asset and means of transacting. However, little is known about an important aspect of the bitcoin market: its liquidity. We consider whether various dimensions of liquidity evident in other asset classes are present in bitcoin spot and futures liquidity. We find variations in spot liquidity across bitcoin exchanges and a strong commonality in bitcoin spot and futures market liquidity. The pricing of spot and futures bitcoin is relatively inefficient, and liquidity plays an important role. Deterioration in liquidity also contributes to bitcoin crash risk and large return declines. JEL Classification: G11, G23
Long-term efficacy and safety of WovenEndoBridge (WEB)-assisted cerebral aneurysm embolization
Authors: Algin Oktay , Corabay Seniha , Ayberk Gıyas 
Published: January 2022

Purpose Long-term compaction, compression, migration, and recurrence rates of the WovenEndoBridge devices remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to detect these rates and safety profiles of the WovenEndoBridge within 7 years period. Materials and methods Eighty-three aneurysms of 79 patients treated with the WovenEndoBridge device were retrospectively evaluated using an occlusion scale (e.g. complete occlusion, neck remnant, and aneurysm remnant) on angiography images. Results The residual aneurysm was observed in 11 (13%) aneurysms. The mean and median diameters of the recurrent aneurysms were 6 and 7 mm. Most of the recurrent aneurysms were complex type and/or ruptured. Mean diameters and the neck-to-body ratios of all residual aneurysms in the preoperative imaging exams were above 4 mm and 0.6, respectively. The median values of preoperative height and neck measurements were higher in the recurrent aneurysms than in the adequate occlusion group ( p = 0.006, p = 0.019, respectively). There was a statistically significant positive relationship between preoperative height/neck measurements and the mean diameters of residual aneurysms (rs = 0.32 and p = 0.003; rs = 0.28 and p = 0.011, respectively). The WovenEndoBridge compaction/compression and migration were observed in 5 (45%) and 2 (18%) of the recurrent aneurysms. In 7 (64%) of the residual aneurysms, thrombosed areas were found within the aneurysm. In the follow-up period, four aneurysms (4.8%) were retreated due to widened residual aneurysm. Other aneurysms were improved or stable within 7 years. Discussion Our adequate occlusion rate was 87%. Occlusion rates are less favorable than aneurysms with a long height, wide neck, or high neck-to-body ratio. Our study confirms the high safety and efficiency of the WovenEndoBridge. Compaction, compression, and/or migration of the WovenEndoBridge and the presence of intra-aneurysmal thrombosis are the main reasons for the recurrences.
Pattern of change of C-reactive protein levels and its clinical implication in patients with acute poisoning
Authors: Kim Yong Oh , Kim Hyung Il , Jung Bo Kyeung 
Published: January 2022

Objectives: C-reactive protein is well known as an inflammatory indicator in injury, infection, and cancer. However, little is known about its role in poisoning. C-reactive protein levels first increase and then decrease within several days during poisoning management. This study aimed to verify the C-reactive protein change pattern and its clinical co-infection possibility in patients with poisoning. Methods: Daily C-reactive protein levels of the patients with poisoning, who were admitted for more than 5 days, were measured. Microbial cultures were conducted, and fever (⩾38°C) and infection-related symptoms were investigated. Results: In the enrolled 56 patients, the initial median C-reactive protein levels at hospital day 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 were 0.28, 4.85, 10.91, 10.57, and 6.68 mg/dL, respectively. C-reactive protein level was the highest at hospital day 3 and decreased thereafter. No statistical difference was observed in the daily and maximal C-reactive protein levels between the culture-positive and culture-negative groups. The levels at hospital days 3–5 and the maximal level were 8.4, 9.2, 5.49, and 11.02 mg/dL, respectively, in non-fever group. The levels at hospital days 3–5 and the maximal level were 7.4, 9.2, 4.74, and 10.81 mg/dL, respectively, in non-symptoms group. Levels at hospital days 3–5 and the maximal level were 5.21, 4.93, 3.7, and 5.28 mg/dL, respectively, in all-negative (culture-negative without fever or infection symptoms) group. Conclusions: Acute rise and fall of C-reactive protein levels can be observed in the infection-unlikely patients with poisoning. The levels were similar to bacterial infection levels, possibly due to the drug reaction itself, rather than for superimposed infections.