bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optionen und Herausforderungen für ein neues Strommarktdesign in der Krise
Authors: Ockenfels Axel 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Politik scheint entschlossen, in die Gestaltung des Stromgroßhandelsmarktes einzugreifen, um Krisengewinne und -belastungen umzuverteilen. Einige Vorschläge in diese Richtung würden die Probleme jedoch verschärfen. Es werden Handlungsoptionen für ein neues Strommarktdesign aufgezeigt und die damit verbundenen Herausforderungen bei der Implementierung diskutiert.
Steuersenkungen oder direkte Transfers?
Authors: Färber Gisela 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe article discusses financial aid and tax exemptions as means to fight against the economic distortions of the current energy crisis. Recent experiences have included not only general stabilisation instruments but also those compensating energy price increases for low-income households and preventing unemployment by helping companies to maintain their workforce during the crisis. The article discusses the efficiency, administrative burden and intergovernmental financial relations of the instruments.
The Making of Bikini Glass in Bida, Nigeria: Ethnography, Chemical Composition, and Archaeology
Authors: Lababidi Lesley , Babalola Abidemi Babatunde , Gratuze Bernard , Rolland Joëlle , Véron Emmanuel , Canizares Aurélien 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper discusses the process, prospects, and challenges of makingbikiniglass in Bida (Nupeland), central Nigeria. The Masagá glassmakers of Bida provide the ideal case study for investigating the production ofbikini. Nineteenth-century Arab and European writings have described glassmaking in Nupeland; however, with the exception of the study carried out by Peter Robertshaw and his colleagues in 2009, there is no work that identifies the raw materials and formula used to producebikiniglass. Our recent ethnographic work at Bida provided the opportunities to collect raw glass, beads, and unfused raw material forbikiniglass as well as vitrified furnace wall fragments for analysis. We present results of binocular observation and chemical compositional analysis conducted on the raw materials, glass products, and furnace remains to understand the mineralogical and chemical characteristics of various materials connected with the production ofbikini. From the manufacture of glass to that of glass ornaments, bracelets, and beads, the documentation of the work of Masagá glassmakers provides new data for the history of glass and its techniques. This information is relevant for understanding glassworking in the past. The paper also addresses issues relating to migration, technology transfer, and culture contact between Nupeland and its neighbors in the Lower Niger region. It argues that the investigation of the production ofbikiniglass in Bida is essential for expanding our knowledge of the archaeology of glassmaking and glassworking in Sub-Saharan Africa and beyond.
BMSCs improve TNBS-induced colitis in rats by inducing Treg differentiation by expressing PD-L1
Authors: Gao Fei , Cui Dandan , Zuo Dongmei , Shou Zhexing , Yang Jia , Yu Ting , Liu Yujin , Chu Si , Zhu Feng , Wei Chunzhu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) show promise in treating inflammatory bowel disease. We tested if BMSCs improve Trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis by inducing Treg differentiation by modulating programmed cell death 1 ligand 1(PD-L1).

Results
BMSCs were isolated and transfected with PD-L1 siRNA. Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal, model, BMSC control, and PD-L1 siRNA BMSC. Colitis was induced by TNBS, except in the normal group. On d4, the BMSC control and PD-L1 siRNA BMSC groups were intravenously injected with BMSCs at a dose of 5 × 106 cells in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; volume matched). BMSCs were later verified to have reached the colon tissue. BMSC control showed significantly better clinical symptoms and reduced histopathological colitis severity; PD-L1 siRNA BMSC group showed no difference. PD-L1 siRNA reduced: spleen and mesenteric lymph node Tregs, PD-L1, interleukin-10 (IL10), phosphate and tension homology deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN); colon p-Akt and p-mTOR were increased.

Conclusions
We found that BMSCs can induce Treg differentiation by inhibiting the Akt/mTOR pathway via PD-L1; this significantly improved symptoms and pathology in our ulcerative colitis rat models.
Optical properties of dissolved organic matter in throughfall and stemflow vary across tree species and season in a temperate headwater forest
Authors: Ryan Kevin A. , Adler Thomas , Chalmers Ann T. , Perdrial Julia , Sebestyen Stephen , Shanley James B. , Stubbins Aron 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTree-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) comprises a significant carbon flux within forested watersheds. Few studies have assessed the optical properties of tree-derived DOM. To increase understanding of the factors controlling tree-derived DOM quality, we measured DOM optical properties, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and calcium concentrations in throughfall and stemflow for 17 individual rain events during summer and fall in a temperate deciduous forest in Vermont, United States. DOC and calcium fluxes in throughfall and stemflow were enriched on average 4 to 70 times incident fluxes in rain. A multiway model was developed using absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy to further characterize DOM optical properties. Throughfall contained a higher percentage of protein-like DOM fluorescence than stemflow while stemflow was characterized by a higher percentage of humic-like DOM fluorescence. DOM absorbance spectral slopes in yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis) stemflow were significantly higher than in sugar maple (Acer saccharum) stemflow. DOM optical metrics were not influenced by rainfall volume, but percent protein-like fluorescence increased in throughfall during autumn when leaves senesced. Given the potential influence of tree-derived DOM fluxes on receiving soils and downstream ecosystems, future modeling of DOM transport and soil biogeochemistry should represent the influence of differing DOM quality in throughfall and stemflow across tree species and seasons.
Modulation of flash ERGs by dynamic backgrounds
Authors: Kremers Jan , Aher Avinash J. , Huchzermeyer Cord 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to characterize the signal processing mechanisms that lead to an ERG response and to use this characterization for obtaining more robust responses in patients who display feeble responses with standard recordings. We studied the influence of sinusoidally modulating backgrounds on flash ERGs and the relationship between the ERG components’ amplitudes and the momentary Weber fraction of the flash stimulus.

Methods
ERG recordings were performed in nine healthy subjects and three RP patients. In four normal subjects, we measured the response to flashes (500 cd/m2, 1 ms duration) on a steady background (50 cd/m2) and on a sine wave (50 cd/m2 mean luminance) modulating background at 1, 5, 10, and 25 Hz temporal frequencies. The flashes were delivered at eight different phases (0–315° in a step of 45°) during the modulating background sine wave. The responses to the backgrounds were also recorded and subtracted from the responses to flash plus modulating backgrounds to obtain the flash ERGs at the different phases. The recordings in the remaining five normal subjects and the RP patients were performed with a subset of these stimuli.

Results
The flash ERGs were strongly modulated by the backgrounds particularly at low frequencies and were enhanced when the momentary Weber fraction was large. The amplitudes of the components could be described by the Weber fraction plus a saturating nonlinearity and a delay in the processing of background luminance. The strength of the modulation decreased with increasing peak time of the component. Furthermore the background luminance delay was positively correlated with the peak time. The effect was also present in RP patients.

Conclusions
A sine wave background of about 1 Hz can be used to enhance ERG responses. Weber fraction of the flashes is an adequate quantification of stimulus for describing the amplitudes of the ERGs. The data provide basic information on how background luminance is processed in ERG generating mechanisms. The response enhancement can be used in clinical applications to obtain a more robust comparison between normal and patient data.
Option-Implied Skewness and the Value of Financial Intermediaries
Authors: Bressan Silvia , Weissensteiner Alex 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze the relationship among skewness, value, and stock returns for US financial intermediaries. Further, we compare skewness based on past returns to risk-neutral skewness based on options. We find that the option-implied skewness has a significantly higher explanatory power. In line with the strand of literature on investors exploiting mispriced stocks through option trading, we find that a higher ex ante skewness indicates a low valuation that predicts higher returns. We investigate the relationship between skewness and value for each segment of intermediaries, and we show that the link is strongest for financial technology firms.
Strategic directions in the what and how of learning and teaching innovation—a fifty-year synopsis
Authors: Ellis R. A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStudent
learning experiences at university are constantly evolving; new disciplinary discoveries, new knowledge, interdisciplinary synergies and new exigencies make learning a dynamic experience for students, teachers and researchers alike; and that is just the what of learning. Add to this, changes in the how of learning, new pedagogies and new technologies, new partners in the provision of learning, as well as new configurations of where learning takes place, such as on campus, at home, in the workplace and online; and it is not hard to make the case that learning experiences of students enrolled in a degree are relatively more complex today than they were even 20 years ago. Much of this change has been captured over the last five decades in the journal Higher Education. The ongoing challenge of these changes is the complexity that accompanies them. How do we improve the student experience of learning in a complex context? What should the outcomes of a higher education degree be? What learning processes are likely to lead better outcomes? How do you assess the quality of learning that may occur in small groups on campus or online, or in large groups in both places, or in laboratories or the workplace? What is the role of material objects in these experiences and do they contribute to outcomes? This manuscript will consider such questions and where the journal is pointing researchers towards new avenues that are developing in learning and teaching internationally.
Maximal Mixed-Drove Co-occurrence Patterns
Authors: Andrzejewski Witold , Boinski Pawel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOne of the interesting types of spatio-temporal patterns is the Mixed-Drove Co-occurrence Pattern (MDCOP), which represents types of objects frequently located together in both space and time. To discover such patterns, methods based on the well-known Apriori strategy are widely used. They involve determining multi-element MDCOPs by building them up iteratively starting with the two-element patterns and then successively adding another element in each iteration. This approach can be very costly, particularly when the data is dense enough to form patterns of significant size. In this paper, we introduce a definition of a new pattern type called a Maximal Mixed-Drove Co-occurrence Pattern. We also propose a new algorithm MAXMDCOP-Miner, which resigns from popular Apriori strategy of generating candidates and, therefore, can discover long pattern without processing all their subsets. Experiments performed on synthetic and real datasets show that MAXMDCOP-Miner has high performance, in particular for dense datasets or tasks with low user-defined thresholds of spatial or time prevalence.
Liquidity creation, investment, and growth
Authors: Beck Thorsten , Döttling Robin , Lambert Thomas , van Dijk Mathijs 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUsing panel analysis for a large cross-section of countries, we find that liquidity creation by banks is positively associated with economic growth at country and industry levels. Liquidity creation boosts tangible, but not intangible investment and does not contribute to growth in countries with a high share of industries reliant on intangible assets. These findings are consistent with a theoretical model in which liquidity creation fosters investment only if it is sufficiently tangible. Our results shed light on important heterogeneities in the role of banks in the economic development process and their limited role in countries’ transition to knowledge economies.
Attacking neural machine translations via hybrid attention learning
Authors: Ni Mingze , Wang Ce , Zhu Tianqing , Yu Shui , Liu Wei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDeep-learning based natural language processing (NLP) models are proven vulnerable to adversarial attacks. However, there is currently insufficient research that studies attacks to neural machine translations (NMTs) and examines the robustness of deep-learning based NMTs. In this paper, we aim to fill this critical research gap. When generating word-level adversarial examples in NLP attacks, there is a conventional trade-off in existing methods between the attacking performance and the amount of perturbations. Although some literature has studied such a trade-off and successfully generated adversarial examples with a reasonable amount of perturbations, it is still challenging to generate highly successful translation attacks while concealing the changes to the texts. To this end, we propose a novel Hybrid Attentive Attack method to locate language-specific and sequence-focused words, and make semantic-aware substitutions to attack NMTs. We evaluate the effectiveness of our attack strategy by attacking three high-performing translation models. The experimental results show that our method achieves the highest attacking performance compared with other existing attacking strategies.
“It’s the Seeing and Feeling”: How Embodied and Conceptual Knowledges Relate in Pipeline Engineering Work
Authors: Maslen Sarah , Hayes Jan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between conceptual and embodied reasoning in engineering work. In the last decade across multiple research projects on pipeline engineering, we have observed only a few times when engineers have expressed embodied or sensory aspects of their practice, as if the activity itself is disembodied. Yet, they also often speak about the importance of field experience. In this paper, we look at engineers’ accounts of the value of field experience showing how it works on their sense of what the technology that they are designing looks, feels, and sounds like in practice, and so what this means for construction and operation, and the management of risk. We show how office-based pipeline engineering work is an exercise in embodied imagination that humanizes the socio-technical system as it manifests in the technical artifacts that they work with. Engineers take the role of the other to reason through the practicability of their designs and risk acceptability.
Steam Degradation of Ytterbium Disilicate Environmental Barrier Coatings: Effect of Composition, Microstructure and Temperature
Authors: Tejero-Martin Daniel , Bai Mingwen , Rincon Romero Acacio , Wellman Richard G. , Hussain Tanvir 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecession of environmental barrier coatings (EBC) in environments containing steam is a pressing concern that requires further research before their implementation in gas turbine engines can be realized. In this work, free-standing plasma-sprayed Yb2Si2O7 coatings were exposed to flowing steam at 1350 and 1400 °C for 96 h. Three samples were investigated, one coating with a low porosity level ( < 3%) and 1 wt.% Al2O3 representing traditional EBCs porosity levels; and two coatings with higher porosity levels (~ 20%) representing abradable EBCs. Phase composition and microstructural evolution were studied in order to reveal the underlying mechanism for the interaction between high temperature steam and ytterbium disilicate. The results show depletion of Yb2SiO5 near the surface and formation of ytterbium garnet (Yb3Al5O12) on top of all three coatings due to the reaction with gaseous Al-containing impurities coming from the alumina furnace tubes. The 1 wt.% Al2O3 added to the EBC sample exacerbated the formation of garnet at 1400 °C compared to the abradable samples, which presented lower quantities of garnet. Additionally, inter-splat boundaries were visible after exposure, indicating preferential ingress of gaseous Al-containing impurities through the splat boundaries.
A Critical Review of a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)-Based Explosion Numerical Analysis of Offshore Facilities
Authors: Kang KiYeob , Wang Xiangyu , Wang Jun , Shi Weixiang , Sun Yanhui , Chen Mengcheng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn oil and gas industries, the explosive hazards receive lots of attention to achieve a safety design of relevant facilities. As a part of the robust design for offshore structures, an explosion risk analysis is normally conducted to examine the potential hazards and the influence of them on structural members in a real explosion situation. Explosion accidents in the oil and gas industries are related to lots of parameters through complex interaction. Hence, lots of research and industrial projects have been carried out to understand physical mechanism of explosion accidents. Computational fluid dynamics-based explosion risk analysis method is frequently used to identify contributing factors and their interactions to understand such accidents. It is an effective method when modelled explosion phenomena including detailed geometrical features. This study presents a detailed review and analysis of Computational Fluid Dynamics-based explosion risk analysis that used in the offshore industries. The underlying issues of this method and current limitation are identified and analysed. This study also reviewed potential preventative measures to eliminate such limitation. Additionally, this study proposes the prospective research topic regarding computational fluid dynamics-based explosion risk analysis.
Middle Pleistocene hominin teeth from Biache-Saint-Vaast, France
Authors: Martín-Francés Laura , de Castro José María Bermúdez , de Pinillos Marina Martínez , Martinón-Torres María , Arsuaga Juan Luis , Bertrand Benoît , Vialet Amélie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe study of dental morphology can be a very useful tool to understand the origin and evolution of Neanderthals in Europe during the Middle Pleistocene (MP). At present, the earliest evidence, ca. 430 ka, of a pre-Neanderthal population in Europe is the hominin sample from Atapuerca-Sima de los Huesos (SH) that present clear dental affinities with Neanderthals while other penecontemporaneous populations, such as Arago or Mala Balanica, exhibit less Neanderthal traits. We present the morphometric study of the external and internal dental structures of eleven hominin dental remains recovered from the MP, ca. 240 ka, French site of Biache-Saint-Vaast (BSV). Our analyses place the BSV hominins within the MP group, together with SH, Fontana Ranuccio, Visogliano, Steinheim or Montmaurin, that show greater morphological affinities with Neanderthals. Moreover, we identified interpopulation variability in the expression of the enamel thickness trait, with BSV hominins sharing the unique combination of thin and thick pattern in the premolars and molars with the SH population. These results further support the coexistence of two or more populations in Europe during the MP that reflect the population and settlement of human groups suggested by the Central Area of Dispersals of Eurasia (CADE) and sink and source model.
The role of design patterns in the development and legal assessment of lawful technologies
Authors: Dickhaut Ernestine , Li Mahei Manhai , Janson Andreas , Leimeister Jan Marco 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Novel technologies such as smart personal assistants integrate digital services into everyday life. These services use personal data to offer personalized services. While they are subject to special data protection regulations at the time of development, there are few guidelines describing the transition from legal requirements to implementation. To reduce risks, services depend on external legal assessments. With developers and legal experts often missing either legal or technical knowledge, the challenge lies in bridging this gap. We observe that design patterns support both developers and legal experts, and we present an approach in which design patterns are leveraged to provide twofold value for both developers and legal experts when dealing with novel technologies. We conducted a revelatory case study for smart personal assistants and scaffolded the case interpretation through cognitive fit theory. On the basis of the findings, we develop a theoretical model to explain and predict the twofold value of design patterns to develop and assess lawful technologies.
Rice plant disease diagnosing using machine learning techniques: a comprehensive review
Authors: Udayananda G. K. V. L. , Shyalika Chathurangi , Kumara P. P. N. V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe impact of rice plant diseases has led to a 37% annual drop in rice production. It may happen basically due to the lack of knowledge in identifying and controlling rice plant diseases, but still there isn’t any proper application has been developed which is capable enough to identify these rice plant diseases accurately and control those diseases. In order to identify rice plant disease by an application itself, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) can be used. Many of researchers have used CNNs for plant disease identification because of their accuracy in image identification and classification. But, there’s still a handful researches have been conducted regarding the identification of rice plant diseases. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of current rice plant illnesses as well as the Deep Learning approaches used to detect such diseases. It also analyzes several kinds of techniques that have been employed in the literature by analyzing all of them with their benefits and drawbacks. It has discovered the most accurate ways in all levels of the image identification procedure as a consequence of this research, that will be valuable in recognizing rice plant illnesses.
Valuation of Genomic-Enhanced Expected Progeny Differences in Bull Purchasing
Authors: Thompson Taylor , Boyer Christopher N. , Martinez Charles C. , Rowan Troy N. , Rhinehart Justin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe estimate a hedonic pricing model to determine producers’ value for bull expected progeny differences (EPDs), genomic-enhanced EPDs, and phenotypic traits. Birth weight EPD, ribeye area EPD, sale weight, age, frame score, and other factors had a statistically significant impact on bull prices. GE-EPDs were not associated with a change in the bull sales prices expect for weaned calf value and birth weight EPDs. Including weaned calf value and GE-EPDs in a bull hedonic pricing model provides a unique contribution. The results from this work will inform educational programming for bull purchasers on using new economic selection indices and GE-EPDs.