bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship of microsatellite instability to mismatch repair deficiency in malignant tumors of dogs
Authors: Inanaga Sakuya , Igase Masaya , Sakai Yusuke , Hagimori Kenji , Sunahara Hiroshi , Horikirizono Hiro , Itamoto Kazuhito , Baba Kenji , Ohsato Yoshiharu , Mizuno Takuya 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundMicrosatellite instability (MSI) is a type of genomic instability caused by mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) in tumors. Studies on dMMR/MSI are limited, and the relationship between dMMR and MSI is unknown in tumors of dogs.ObjectivesWe aimed to identify the frequency of dMMR/MSI by tumor type and evaluate the relationship between dMMR and MSI in tumors of dogs.AnimalsIn total, 101 dogs with 11 types of malignant tumors were included.MethodsWe extracted DNA from fresh normal and tumor tissues. Twelve microsatellite loci from both normal and tumor DNA were amplified by PCR and detected by capillary electrophoresis. Each microsatellite (MS) was defined as MSI if a difference in product size between the tumor and normal DNA was detected. The dMMR was evaluated by immunohistochemistry with formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tumor tissues. Next, we confirmed whether dMMR induces MSI by serial passaging of MMR gene knockout cell lines for 3 months.ResultsMicrosatellite instability was detected frequently in oral malignant melanoma. The number of MSI‐positive markers was higher in cases with dMMR than in those with proficient MMR (P < .0001). Statistical analysis indicated that the occurrence of MSI in FH2305 might have relevance to dMMR. Furthermore, MSI occurred in dMMR cell lines 3 months after passaging.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceMicrosatellite instability and dMMR more frequently were found in oral malignant melanoma than in other tumors, and dMMR has relevance to MSI in both clinical cases and cell lines.
Medical students' rural practice intention: Academic performance matters
Authors: You You , Xie Ana , Cleland Jennifer 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionMany countries are driving forward policies and practices to train medical students for later rural practice. Previous research has investigated individual (e.g., rural upbringing) and structural factors (e.g., curricular exposure) associated with rural practice intention. However, the relationship between academic performance in medical school and rural practice intention has been neglected, although optimisation theory suggests there may be a relationship. To address this gap, our aim was to identify the relationship between academic performance and rural practice intention.MethodsData were collected via a cross‐sectional (self‐report) survey in 2021. Participants were students from 60 of the 96 rural order directed (RODs) medical programmes across China. We asked students their rural practice intention. We conducted univariate analyses to test for associations between rural practice intention and independent variables, including socio‐demographics, ROD location, grade year and academic performance measures. We used multilevel logistic regression models to test whether students' academic performance in medical school could be used to predict rural practice intention, holding the other factors constant.ResultsThere were 13 123 respondents, representing roughly 77.6% of the student population from the 60 schools. There was a statistically significant relationship between student (self)‐reported academic performance in medical school and rural practice intention. Higher performers had a lower likelihood (ORs: 0.65–0.78) of rural practice intention. This held across all performance measures (GPA rank, academic awards and student leadership) and for the sub‐group with rural upbringing (ORs: 0.68–0.78).DiscussionThis is the first study to identify a relationship between medical school performance and rural practice intention. The findings suggest that students maximise their utility when choosing career options, with higher performers having lower rural practice intention. These data provide insight into the complexity of medical career decision making and can be used by medical school and workforce planners to inform rural training, recruitment and retention strategies.
Sparse‐sensing and superpixel‐based segmentation model for concrete cracks
Authors: Xie Xiongyao , Cai Jielong , Wang Haozheng , Wang Qiang , Xu Jieying , Zhou Yingxin , Zhou Biao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEfficient image‐recognition algorithms to classify the pixels accurately are required for the computer‐vision‐based inspection of concrete defects. This study proposes a deep learning‐based model called sparse‐sensing and superpixel‐based segmentation (SSSeg) for accurate and efficient crack segmentation. The model employed a sparse‐sensing‐based encoder and a superpixel‐based decoder and was compared with six state‐of‐the‐art models. An input pipeline of 1231 diverse crack images was specially designed to train and evaluate the models. The results indicated that the SSSeg achieved a good balance between the recognition correctness and completeness and outperformed other models in both accuracy and efficiency. The SSSeg also exhibited good resistance to the interference of surface roughness, dirty stains, and moisture. The increased depth and receptive field of sparse‐sensing units guaranteed the representability; meanwhile, structured sparse characteristics protected the network from overfitting. The lightweight superpixel‐based decoder omitted skip connections, which greatly reduced the computation and memory footprint and enlarged the input size in the inference.
Optometry independent prescribing during COVID lockdown in Wales
Authors: Cottrell Paul , North Rachel , Sheen Nik , Ryan Barbara 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionDuring the COVID‐19 lockdown, primary care optometry services in Wales moved to a hub model of provision. Three independent prescribing models were available in different areas: a commissioned Independent Prescribing Optometry Service (IPOS), independent prescribers that were not commissioned and no independent prescribers available. This allowed a unique opportunity for comparison.MethodOptometry practices completed an online survey for each patient episode. Analysis of the data gave insight into patient presentation to urgent eye services and the drugs prescribed by optometrists. Medicines prescribed, sold or given and onward referral were compared between areas with an IPOS service (n = 2), those with prescribers but no commissioned service (n = 2) and those with no prescribers (n = 2).ResultsData from 22,434 reported patient episodes from 81 optometry practices in six health boards between 14 April 2020 and 30 June 2020 were analysed. Urgent care accounted for 10,997 (49.02%) first appointments and 1777 (7.92%) follow‐ups. Most (18,006, 80.26%) patients self‐referred. The most common presenting symptom was ‘Eye pain/discomfort’ (4818, 43.81% of urgent attendances). Anterior segment pathology was the most reported finding at first (6078, 55.27%) and follow‐up (1316, 74.06%) urgent care appointments. Topical steroids (373, 25.99% of prescriptions) were the most prescribed medications. More medications were prescribed in areas with an IPOS service (1136, 79.16% of prescriptions) than areas with prescribers but no commissioned service. There were more follow‐up appointments in optometric practice and fewer urgent referrals to ophthalmology in IPOS areas.ConclusionUrgent care services were most utilised by patients with discomfort caused by anterior eye conditions. IPOS services enabled optometrists to manage conditions to resolution without referral and without reduction in medications sold or given. Commissioners should recognise the value in reducing burden in urgent ophthalmology and the need for follow‐up as part of a commissioned independent prescribing service.
Dental implantology and fibrous dysplasia: A 6‐year follow‐up case report and a literature review
Authors: Lizio Giuseppe , Pellegrino Gerardo , Corinaldesi Giuseppe , Ferraioli Lorenzo , Felice Pietro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and AimIt is unclear if fibrous dysplasia (FD) represents a contraindication for implant borne rehabilitation, and only two successful cases are reported in the literature with a 4–2‐year follow‐up. The present paper discusses this issue reporting a full‐arch maxillary rehabilitation with a >5‐year follow‐up.Materials and MethodsA 79‐year‐old woman complained of a progressive asymmetry of the medial facial third with inter‐arch occlusal alterations, reduced mandibular movements, upper right dental dislocation and mobility and toothache in the upper posterior jaw. The X‐ray supported monostotic FD diagnosis was followed by a remodelling intervention in general anaesthesia, with the extraction of the hopeless teeth. After that and the failed rehabilitation with a removable prosthetic device, the patient underwent implant placement procedure for a fixed ‘Toronto‐bridge’ prosthesis.ResultsAfter 6 years from implant loading, a posterior vestibular swelling of the affected maxilla was recorded, and one implant in 1.1 position had to be removed for peri‐implantitis, without compromising the rehabilitation.ConclusionsThe acceptable results obtained in this case should promote the dental implantology practice in FD affected jaws, evaluating the proper clinical situations and the more adequate technological solutions.
Neurological complications in pediatric liver transplant recipients
Authors: Menon Jagadeesh , Shanmugam Naresh , Rammohan Ashwin , Hakeem Abdul , Reddy Mettu Srinivas , Rela Mohamed 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionThere is paucity of data on neurological complications (NCs) and its predisposing factors, in pediatric liver transplant (PLT) recipients.MethodsRecords of seventy‐one children who underwent LT between October 2018 and November 2019 were reviewed. Patients were categorized into group A: with NC and group B: without NC in the post‐LT period. Various risk factors contributing to NC were studied.ResultsIn total, 15 (21.1%) had NC (group A) and 56 (78.9%) had no NC in the post‐LT period. NC included cerebrovascular accident (n = 1), seizures (n = 5; 4 generalized, 1 focal), central pontine myelolysis (CPM) (n = 1), diaphragmatic palsy (n = 2), peripheral neuropathy (n = 1), extrapyramidal movements (n = 3), and encephalopathy beyond 96 h (n = 2). The median onset of NC was at 8.5 days post‐LT (1–58 days). Ten (66.7%) patients in group A had grades 2–4 hepatic encephalopathy (HE) prior to LT. Eight (14.3%) patients in group B also had pre‐LT neurological issues including HE in six, epilepsy and spastic diplegia in one each. On univariate analysis, pre‐existing HE, high PELD/MELD score, pre‐LT ventilation, pre‐LT infection, higher day 1 post‐operative bilirubin (all p < .05), and higher tacrolimus were found to predict post‐operative NC whereas on multivariate analysis, pre‐LT HE was the only predictive factor. Median follow‐up was 15.5 months. Four patients died in each group (survival log‐rank p = .369). All the surviving patients in group A (n = 11) fully recovered from the NC.ConclusionPre‐transplant HE was the single most significant predisposing factor for post‐LT neurological complications.
Challenges to Culturally Responsive Teaching in Physical Education Teacher Education Alumni: A Mixed-Methods Analysis
Authors: Flory Sara B. , Nieman Craigory V. , Wylie Rebecca C. 
Published: August 2022

This study examines the culturally responsive teaching self-efficacy of graduates from a Physical Education Teacher Education program focused on social justice issues. We examined barriers to culturally responsive teaching and areas where alumni felt least efficacious. Forty-three graduates of a Physical Education Teacher Education program completed the culturally responsive teaching self-efficacy scale and demographic questions via Qualtrics, and 13 completed a 45- to 60-min interview regarding urban teaching experience. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and comparative data analysis to determine areas of lower self-efficacy. Two major themes emerged from this data: (a) misalignment between expectations and reality and (b) lack of practical experiences with communication. Specific coursework, training, and supports need to be implemented to address the mismatch between participants’ lived experiences and their daily challenges upon induction. Physical Education Teacher Education programs need to critically examine the experiences preservice teachers have interacting and communicating with English language learners and their caregivers prior to induction.
TMPRSS3 expression is limited in spiral ganglion neurons: implication for successful cochlear implantation
Authors: Chen Yuan-Siao , Cabrera Ernesto , Tucker Brady J , Shin Timothy J , Moawad Jasmine V , Totten Douglas J , Booth Kevin T , Nelson Rick F 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundIt is well established that biallelic mutations in transmembrane protease, serine 3 (TMPRSS3) cause hearing loss. Currently, there is controversy regarding the audiological outcomes after cochlear implantation (CI) forTMPRSS3-associated hearing loss. This controversy creates confusion among healthcare providers regarding the best treatment options for individuals withTMPRSS3-related hearing loss.MethodsA literature review was performed to identify all published cases of patients withTMPRSS3-associated hearing loss who received a CI. CI outcomes of this cohort were compared with published adult CI cohorts using postoperative consonant-nucleus-consonant (CNC) word performance.TMPRSS3expression in mouse cochlea and human auditory nerves (HAN) was determined by using hybridisation chain reaction and single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis.ResultsIn aggregate, 27 patients (30 total CI ears) withTMPRSS3-associated hearing loss treated with CI, and 85% of patients reported favourable outcomes. Postoperative CNC word scores in patients withTMPRSS3-associated hearing loss were not significantly different than those seen in adult CI cohorts (8 studies). RobustTmprss3expression occurs throughout the mouse organ of Corti, the spindle and root cells of the lateral wall and faint staining within <5% of the HAN, representing type II spiral ganglion neurons. Adult HAN express negligible levels ofTMPRSS3.ConclusionThe clinical features after CI and physiological expression ofTMPRSS3suggest against a major role of TMPRSS3 in auditory neurons.
Real-world experience of gene therapy with onasemnogene-abeparvovec (Zolgensma®) for patients with SMA-type1 in UK
Authors: Gowda Vasantha , Wraige Elizabeth , Ong Min , Atherton Mark , Majumdar Anirban , Marco Silvia Sanchez , Hughes Imelda , Mccullagh Gary , Muntoni Francesco , Jungbluth Heinz ,   et al
Published: August 2022

Retrospective review of referrals to the National-Multidisciplinary-Team (NMDT) in England (& Wales), and of the clinical records of SMAtype1 patients included for Zolgensma® therapy in the UK.Data was available for 42 patients: 13, 12, 10, 6, 1 from Evelina-London, Sheffield, Bristol, Manchester and Belfast centres respectively.Patients’ age ranged from 2-months to 46-months and weights from 4.44kg to 13.5kg. Post-Zolgensma-infusion monitoring:Most patients had asymptomatic thrombocytopaenia in week-1, resolving by week-2. No thrombotic microangiopathy was reported. Majority developed transient transaminitis with mild/moderate elevation of AST/ALT. Some had more severe/prolonged transaminitis – Liver ultrasound, coagulation-studies and clinical examination remained normal: 11 (weight>7.5kg) had ALT-peaks of >100 IU/L; 22 (15/22 weighed >7.5kg) had AST-peaks of >100 IU/L – good response seen to doubling Prednisolone, where indicated. Echocardiograms remained normal in patients with elevated Troponin-I levels; 4 had levels >100ng/l, prednisolone doubled in one, with good response.13/42 needed doubling of Prednisolone; 12/13 had weight >7.5kg.CHOP-INTEND scores post gene-therapy were available for 22/42. Scores improved in all patients except one (difficult assessment). Improvement ranged from 2-24 points.ConclusionAll patients tolerated the Zolgensma®-therapy well and have recovered well from any transient issues. No persistent complications from gene-therapy or steroid-cover were reported.
Using 31-phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) to identify Parkinson’s Disease subgroups with bioenergetic dysfunction
Authors: Payne Thomas , Burgess Toby , Sassani Matilde , Bradley Stephen , Roscoe Sarah , Reed Emily , Wilkinson Iain D , Mortiboys Heather , Jenkins Thomas M , Bandmann Oliver 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundSporadic Parkinson’s disease (sPD) is an aetiologically heterogeneous disorder. Identification of distinct pathogenic mechanisms causing sPD will be crucial to develop future “Precision Medicine” approaches. 31P-MRS is a non-invasive tool that can quantify key bionenergetic metabolites in individual patients.ObjectiveTo determine whether 31P-MRS can identify mitochondrial dysfunction in the midbrain/sub- stantia nigra of individual PD patients and correlates with trial-relevant clinical aspects of PD.Methods31P-MRS spectra were obtained from 35 sPD patients and 25 healthy, age-matched controls. Spectra were analysed using the jMRUI software package and AMARES spectral fitting algorithm. Clinical assessment included widely utilised clinical rating scales, genetic analysis and the calculation of predicted risk of rapid disease progression.ResultsThere was a significantly broader variance in 31P-MRS midbrain ATP with 1/3 of all PD patients having ATP levels > 2 standard deviations outside the mean control values (p=0.0030). Higher midbrain phosphocreatine was associated with greater risk of rapid disease progression (p= 0.0384).Conclusions31P-MRS may help to identify a subgroup of sPD with significant mitochondrial dysfunction or at higher risk of more rapid progression and facilitate stratification for future precision medicine neu- roprotective trials. Longitudinal studies are required to characterise if changes 31P-MRS measures mirror clinical progression.
057 Dementia and sociodemographic factors a review
Authors: Wu Kit , Vidot Micha , Mitchell James W , Nitkunan Arani , Carr Georgina 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundUnwarranted variation in treatment, care and support for people with dementia is well documented. To improve equity of service, in line with the NHS Long Term Plan, it is imperative that we understand how sociodemographic factors affect management and care of dementia.AimTo review published literature between sociodemographic factors and clinical factors, diagnosis, treatment and outcomes for people with dementia.MethodWe conducted a focused review of published literature between 2000-2021 to outline the evidence describing the relationship between the ten protected characteristics of the Equality Act 2010 and clinical factors, treatment and outcomes in dementia. Other factors such as deprivation, settlement status, education and employment were also explored.ResultsThere is an abundance of published literature on age, race, geographical variation, sex and gender. Evidence is lacking for relationship between disability, gender reassignment, marriage and civil partnership, pregnancy and maternity, religion and belief, sexual orientation, immigration and settlement.DiscussionBetter understanding of sociodemographic factors of our patient group is key to improving equity of care. This review has identified gaps in knowledge on factors that may affect how patients access care to dementia services.
077 Opiate and headache prescribing patterns in idiopathic intracranial hyperten- sion: a matched controlled retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sassani Matilde , Adderley Nicola , Subramanian Anuradhaa , Perrins Mary , Niranthara-kumar Krishnarajah , Mollan Susan , Sinclair Alexandra 
Published: August 2022

We aimed to evaluate adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for new-onset headache as well as headache medi- cation prescribing, opiate use and headache burden in women with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) compared to matched women with migraine and population controls.Data from IQVIA Medical Research Data, an anonymised, nationally representative UK database, from January-1995 to September-2019, was used. Women with IIH were matched by age and body mass index with women without IIH with migraine (migraine controls), and women without IIH or migraine (popula- tion controls).3411 IIH patients, 30,879 migraine and 33,495 population controls were included. aHR for new onset headache in IIH compared to population controls was 3.09 (95%-confidence interval=2.78-3.43). In the first year post-diagnosis, 58% of IIH patients were prescribed acetazolamide and 20% topiramate. 20% of IIH patients were prescribed opiates within the first year of diagnosis, reducing to 17% after six years. In migraine, 8% and 11% were prescribed opiates within one year and six years post-diagnosis, respec- tively. More headache preventative medications were prescribed in IIH compared to migraine controls.Opiate and simple analgesics are more likely to be prescribed in IIH, with patients trialling more preven- tative medications compared to controls, suggesting headaches may be more refractory to treatment.
083 Intravenous magnesium for acute presentations of migraine to A&E
Authors: Laurente Raphael , See Isaiah , Lane Charlie , Alim-Marvasti Ali , Balaratnam Michelle , Chandratheva Arvind , Matharu Manjit , Simister Robert , Kamourieh Salwa , Haider Salman 
Published: August 2022

Background and aimStudies have demonstrated the role of magnesium on acute migraine attacks and prophylaxis via voltage-dependent blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-coupled channels. Our aim was to study the tolerability of intravenous (IV) magnesium in the treatment of migraine in the Emergency Department (ED) and the Same Day Emergency Care (SDEC) unit of University College Hospital, London.MethodsWe performed a non-randomised open-label trial to establish the safety of IV magnesium sulfate. Patients were recruited from the ED or the SDEC unit of the hospital after being reviewed by consultant Neurologists from Aug 2021 – Jan 2022. Magnesium levels were measured prior to administration of the drug and complications were closely monitored.Results35 patients with status migrainosus were recruited; 30 were females and their mean age was 39 years (SD: 13.5 in years). All had normal serum magnesium levels prior to drug administration. No ECG changes were identified. None developed serious adverse symptoms during or immediately after infusion. A beneficial effect was noted in 15 patients, no effect in 10, and missing data in 10.ConclusionAdministration of IV Magnesium is an effective and tolerated adjunct for the management of migraine. Efficacy studies are currently underway.