bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of prenatal nutrient supplementation and early life exposures on neurodevelopment at age 10: a randomised controlled trial - the COPSYCH study protocol
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Parisa , Rosenberg Julie Bøjstrup , Vinding Rebecca , Møllegaard Jepsen Jens Richardt , Lindberg Ulrich , Følsgaard Nilo , Erlang Sørensen Mikkel , Sulaiman Daban , Bilenberg Niels , Mitta Raghava Jayachandra , Fagerlund Birgitte , Vestergaard Mark , Pantelis Christos , Stokholm Jakob , Chawes Bo , Larsson Henrik , Glenthøj Birte Yding , Bønnelykke Klaus , Ebdrup Bjørn H , Bisgaard Hans 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionNutrient deficiency and immune and inflammatory disturbances in early life may compromise neurodevelopment and be implicated in the aetiology of psychiatric disorders. However, current evidence is limited by its predominantly observational nature. COpenhagen Prospective Study on Neuro-PSYCHiatric Development (COPSYCH) is a research alliance between Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC) and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research with the overall aim to investigate effects of prenatal and early life exposures on neurodevelopment at 10 years. COPSYCH will investigate the impact of prenatal n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) and high-dose vitamin D supplementation on neurodevelopment reflected by brain development, neurocognition and psychopathology. Moreover, the neurodevelopmental impact of early life exposures such as infections, low grade inflammation and the gut microbiome will be scrutinised.Methods and analysisCOPSYCH is based on the prospective and ongoing COPSAC2010birth cohort of 700 mother–child pairs. Randomised controlled trials of supplementation with n-3 LCPUFA and/or high-dose vitamin D or placebo in the third trimester were embedded in a factorial 2×2 design (ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT01233297 andNCT00856947). This unique cohort provides deep phenotyping data from 14 previous clinical follow-up visits and exposure assessments since birth. The ongoing 10-year visit is a 2-day visit. Day 1 includes a comprehensive neurocognitive examination, and assessment of psychopathological dimensions, and assessment of categorical psychopathology. Day 2 includes acquisition of brain structural, diffusion and functional sequences using 3 Tesla MRI. Study outcomes are neurocognitive, psychopathological and MRI measures.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Danish National Committee on Health Research Ethics and The Danish Data Protection Agency. The study is conducted in accordance with the guiding principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Parents gave written informed consent before enrolment.
Community pharmacists’ perception and exposure to drug promotion in Pakistan: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gillani Ali Hassan , Zhao Mingyue , Hussain Azzah Khadim , Munir Kiran , Masood Shamaila , Saeed Amna , Fang Yu 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveDrug promotion is a factor that promotes the irrational use of drugs and sometimes negatively influences the prescribing/dispensing pattern. So there was a need to assess the views about accepting gifts and attitudes/influence towards drug promotion among community pharmacists in Punjab, Pakistan.SettingAdopting a preused questionnaire, we conducted a cross-sectional multiple-site survey study. We distributed questionnaires to pharmacists in the community pharmacies to investigate the exposure, scepticism and acceptance to drug promotion as well as their perception about the appropriateness of gifts and to check if they had been taught about dealing with medical representatives. Data were analysed in simple percentages, and the χ2 test was used to evaluate association with demographics. All the analysis was done using SPSS V.23.0.ResultsA total 86.9% (463/533) pharmacists completed the survey. One out of four pharmacists reported being taught about the ethics of drug promotion (26.8%) and about how to interpret drug promotional material (25.0%) and were significantly associated with higher age (age 31%–35 years, 81.9%; p<0.05). More than two-thirds of the respondents found it appropriate to accept stationery (73.4%) and textbooks (70.6%) as gifts, and only 17.5% felt it was appropriate to accept direct money. Less than half of the pharmacists (47.3%) perceived drug companies were useful for gaining knowledge about new drugs. Majority (76.2%) thought these drug promotions play a role in the irrational prescribing of antibiotics and 18.6% dispensed antibiotics due to these promotions.ConclusionThe majority of pharmacists participating in this study felt it was appropriate to receive small value gifts from pharmaceutical companies. Only a small proportion of the respondents was given ethical training and education about drug promotion. Improving the syllabus and updating the pharmacist’s knowledge after graduation, as part of continued pharmacy education, will eventually improve the healthcare professionals’ capability to act for the patients’ welfare.
Characteristics of eye injuries, medical cost and return-to-work status among industrial workers: a retrospective study
Authors: Omar Rokiah , Anan Nur Syamilah , Azri Izmel Azim , Majumder Chiranjib , Knight Victor Feizal 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to determine the characteristics of eye injuries, medical costs and return-to-work status among industrial workers to provide better vision rehabilitative services.SettingNationwide data from the Social Security Organisation (SOCSO) of Malaysia.ParticipantsA stratified random sample of workers registered with the SOCSO of Malaysia with documentation of eye injury.Primary and secondary outcome measuresCharacteristics of eye injuries and medical costs related to eye injury (primary) and return-to-work status (secondary).ResultsA total of 884 from 8861 case files workplace accidents involving eye injury registered with Social Security Services (SOCSO) were identified. The mean age was 35±10 years and the highest incidence of work-related eye injury occurred in the age group 30–39 years and among Malay ethnics. Males are affected more than females’ workers. The highest cause of eye injury was the impact from a moving object excluding falling objects (89.2%) and anterior segment injuries occurred more than posterior segment injuries. The total direct and Indirect medical cost was RM1 108 098.00 (US$316 599.40) and RM4 150 140.00 (US$1 185 754.20) for 884 cases.ConclusionThe majority of workers suffered from the low level of eye injury. A significant relationship was found between the severity of eye injury and employee work status. The indirect cost of medical and vision rehabilitation was higher than the direct cost. Awareness and vision rehabilitation programmes at the workplace need to be addressed for better prevention and rehabilitative service.
What treatments work for anxiety and depression in children and adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome? An updated systematic review
Authors: Clery Philippa , Royston Alexander , Driver Katie , Bailey Jasmine , Crawley Esther , Loades Maria 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesChildren with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) experience a higher prevalence of depression and anxiety compared with age-matched controls. Our previous systematic reviews in 2015/16 found little evidence for effective treatment for children with CFS/ME with comorbid depression and/or anxiety. This review updates these findings.DesignA systematic review. We searched Cochrane library, Medline, Embase and PsycINFO databases from 2015 to 2020. We combined the updated results with our previous reviews in a narrative synthesis.ParticipantsInclusion criteria: <18 years old; diagnosed with CFS/ME (using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence or Oxford criteria); validated measures of depression and/or anxiety.InterventionsObservational studies or randomised controlled trials.ComparisonAny or none.OutcomesStudies with outcome measures of anxiety, depression or fatigue.ResultsThe updated review identified two studies. This brings the total number of paediatric CFS/ME studies with a measure of anxiety and/or depression since 1991 to 16. None of the studies specifically targeted depression, nor anxiety. One new study showed the Lightning Process (in addition to specialist care) was more effective at reducing depressive and anxiety symptoms compared with specialist care alone. Previous studies evaluated cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT); pharmacological interventions and behavioural approaches. CBT-type interventions had most evidence for improving comorbid anxiety and/or depressive symptoms but varied in delivery and modality. Other interventions showed promise but studies were small and have not been replicated.ConclusionVery few paediatric CFS/ME intervention studies have been conducted. This review update does not significantly add to what is known from previous reviews. The evidence is of poor quality and insufficient to conclude which interventions are effective at treating comorbid anxiety and/or depression in paediatric CFS/ME.PROSPERO registration numbersCRD42016043488 and CRD42015016813.
Development of a clinical prediction model to inform clinical decision making for classification of patients with sciatica, based on their clinical characteristics, in the Greek health system: protocol for a prospective predictive exploratory study
Authors: Kontakiotis Nikolaos , Rushton Alison B , Billis Evdokia , Papathanasiou George , Gioftsos George 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSciatica is one of the most common reasons for seeking healthcare for musculoskeletal pain. Sciatica is primarily considered as neuropathic in nature when neural tissue in the low back is compromised, but sometimes other non-neural structures may be involved. Appropriate assessment and management are important for patients with sciatica. Therapists use several outcome measures to assess patients to inform selection of the most suitable treatment. There is limited evidence for the best treatment of sciatica, and this is likely contributed to by having no reliable algorithm to categorise patients based on their clinical characteristics to inform physiotherapy treatment. The purpose of this study is to develop a clinical prediction model to categorise patients with sciatica, in terms of early clinical outcome, based on their initial clinical characteristics.Methods and analysisA prospective observational multicentre design will recruit consecutive patients (n=467) with sciatica referred for physiotherapy. Each patient will be evaluated to determine whether or not they will be accepted into the study by answering some questions that will confirm the study’s eligibility criteria. Patients’ basic characteristics, patient-reported outcome measures and performance-based measures will be collected at baseline from multiple sites in the Greek territory using this same protocol, prior to commencement of treatment. The main researcher of this study will be responsible for data collection in all sites. On completion of the standard referred physiotherapy treatment after 3 weeks’ time, participants will be asked by telephone to evaluate their outcome using the Global Perceived Effect Scale. For the descriptive statistical analysis, the continuous variables will be expressed in the form of ‘mean’ and ‘SD’. In order to assess the prognostic value of each predictor, in terms of the level of improvement or worsening of the symptoms, multiple variable regression analysis will be used.Ethics and disseminationΤhis study is approved from the Ethics and Deontology Committee of the University of West Attica, Athens, Greece, protocol number: 38313-09/06/2020, 10226-10/02/2021. The study’s findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated at national and international conferences and through social media.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020168467.
Validation of a three-dimensional printed dry lab pancreaticojejunostomy model in surgical assessment: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yu Hao , Yu Tunan , Wang Jiulong , Wei Fangqiang , Gong Haibo , Dong Haiying , He Xinzhong , Wang Zhifei , Yang Jin 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesUntil now, there have been few tools to evaluate whether a surgeon was technically ready to perform a safe pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ). In the current study, we aimed to evaluate whether a three-dimensional model could mimic a real surgical situation and distinguish between surgeons of different levels of experiences.DesignA three-dimensional PJ dry laboratory model was printed. Eight experienced pancreatic surgeons were tasked to evaluate the appearance and tactile sensation of the model. Proficiency was scored based on 15 surgeons with various levels of pancreatic experience performing a PJ on the three-dimensional model. Additionally, the time of manipulation and NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) scores were recorded for each operation.SettingOur study was conducted in multimedical centre in China.ResultsCompared with real surgical situations, this model had similar appearance (3.96±0.55 out of five points) and tactile sensation (3.85±0.46 out of five points) according to the expert evaluation. Additionally, the chief surgeon group scored the best in proficiency (based on NASA-TLX scores and operative time), and there were statistical differences for performances among surgeons of various levels (p<0.05).ConclusionThe three-dimensional PJ model could mimic a real surgical situation and can distinguish between surgeons of different levels of experiences.
Clinical efficacy of diquafosol sodium 3% versus hyaluronic acid 0.1% in patients with dry eye disease after cataract surgery: a protocol for a single-centre, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Miura Maria , Inomata Takenori , Nojiri Shuko , Sung Jaemyoung , Nagao Masashi , Shimazaki Jun , Midorikawa-Inomata Akie , Okumura Yuichi , Fujio Kenta , Akasaki Yasutsugu , Kuwahara Mizu , Huang Tianxiang , Nakamura Masahiro , Iwagami Masao , Hirosawa Kunihiko , Fujimoto Keiichi , Murakami Akira 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe number of cataract surgeries, the most common ophthalmic surgery, is expected to increase due to ageing populations. Dry eye disease (DED) is a frequent side effect of cataract surgery, contributing to lower postoperative patient satisfaction and suboptimal quality of vision. It is unclear which eye-drops commonly used in these patients should be recommended for postoperative DED treatment. This study aims to compare the efficacy of topical administration of diquafosol sodium 3% vs hyaluronic acid 0.1% eye-drops in patients with DED after cataract surgery.Methods and analysisThe study is designed as a single-blind randomised controlled trial. The participants will be randomly (1:1) allocated to either the diquafosol sodium 3% topical administration group (n=21) or the hyaluronic acid 0.1% topical administration group (n=21). Each group will receive its assigned eye-drop intervention over a 12-week period. The primary outcome will be measured using the total score of the Japanese version of the Ocular Surface Disease Index during the visit 5 weeks postoperatively. Both groups will be followed up after their respective eye-drop application for 12 weeks according to the intervention regimens. Secondary outcome measures including meibomian gland function assessment, tear film break-up time, keratoconjunctival staining score, maximum blink interval and tear secretion volume using Schirmer’s test I will be assessed at 1, 5, 9, 13 and 25 weeks postoperatively.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Juntendo Hospital Certified Review Board, Tokyo, Japan (Approved protocol V.7.0 dated 7 May 2021. Approval number: J20-018) and has been registered with the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials. Written informed consent will be collected from every patient prior to study participation. The results of this trial will be presented at local and international meetings and submitted to peer-reviewed journals for publication.Trial registration numberjRCT1031210018.
Primary care service utilisation and outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a longitudinal cohort analysis
Authors: Hodgson Sam , Morgan-Harrisskitt Jeffrey , Hounkpatin Hilda , Stuart Beth , Dambha-Miller Hajira 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesTo describe primary care utilisation patterns among adults with type 2 diabetes and to quantify the association between utilisation and long-term health outcomes.DesignRetrospective cohort study.Setting168 primary care practices in Southern England within the Electronic Care and Health Information Analytics database between 2013 and 2020.Participants110 240 adults with Quality and Outcomes Framework read code of type 2 diabetes diagnosis; age greater than 18 years; linked and continuous records available from April 2013 until April 2020 (or death).Primary and secondary outcome measures(1) Rates of service utilisation (total number of primary care contacts per quarter) across the study period; (2) participant characteristics associated with higher and lower rates of service utilisation; and (3) associations between service utilisation and (A) cardiovascular disease (CVD events) and (B) all-cause mortality.ResultsMean (SD) number of primary care attendances per quarter in the cohort of 110 240 went from 2.49 (2.01) in 2013 to 2.78 (2.06) in 2020. Patients in the highest usage tertile were more likely to be female, older, more frail, white, from the least deprived quintile and to have five or more comorbidities. In adjusted models, higher rates of service utilisation (per consultation) were associated with higher rates of CVD events (OR 1.0058; 95% CI 1.0053 to 1.0062; p<0.001) and mortality (OR 1.0057; 95% CI 1.0051 to 1.0064; p<0.001).ConclusionsPeople with type 2 diabetes are using primary care services more frequently, but increased volume of clinical care does not correlate with better outcomes, although this finding may be driven by more unwell patients contacting services more frequently. Further research on the nature and content of contacts is required to understand how to tailor services to deliver effective care to those at greatest risk of complications.
Specchio-COVID19 cohort study: a longitudinal follow-up of SARS-CoV-2 serosurvey participants in the canton of Geneva, Switzerland
Authors: Baysson Helene , Pennacchio Francesco , Wisniak Ania , Zaballa Maria Eugenia , Pullen Nick , Collombet Prune , Lorthe Elsa , Joost Stéphane , Balavoine Jean-Francois , Bachmann Delphine , Azman Andrew , Pittet Didier , Chappuis François , Kherad Omar , Kaiser Laurent , Guessous Idris , Stringhini Silvia 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has affected billions of people around the world both directly through the infection itself and indirectly through its economic, social and sanitary impact. Collecting data over time is essential for the understanding of the disease spread, the incidence of COVID-19-like symptoms, the level and dynamics of immunity, as well as the long-term impact of the pandemic. The objective of the study was to set up a longitudinal follow-up of adult participants of serosurveys carried out in the canton of Geneva, Switzerland, during the COVID-19 pandemic. This follow-up aims at monitoring COVID-19 related symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion, as well as the overall impact of the pandemic on several dimensions of health and on socioeconomic factors over a period of at least 2 years.Methods and analysisSerosurvey participants were invited to create an account on the dedicated digital platform Specchio-COVID19 (https://www.specchio-covid19.ch/). On registration, an initial questionnaire assessed sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics (including housing conditions, physical activity, diet, alcohol and tobacco consumption), anthropometry, general health and experience related to COVID-19 (symptoms, COVID-19 test results, quarantines, hospitalisations). Weekly, participants were invited to fill in a short questionnaire with updates on self-reported COVID-19-compatible symptoms, SARS-CoV-2 infection testing and vaccination. A more detailed questionnaire about mental health, well-being, risk perception and changes in working conditions was proposed monthly. Supplementary questionnaires were proposed at regular intervals to assess more in depth the impact of the pandemic on physical and mental health, vaccination adherence, healthcare consumption and changes in health behaviours. At baseline, serology testing allowed to assess the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection among the general population and subgroups of workers. Additionally, seropositive participants and a sample of randomly selected participants were invited for serologic testing at regular intervals in order to monitor both the seropersistance of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the population of the canton of Geneva.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Cantonal Research Ethics Commission of Geneva, Switzerland (CCER Project ID 2020-00881). Results will be disseminated in a variety of ways, via the Specchio-COVID-19 platform, social media posts, press releases and through regular scientific dissemination methods (open-access articles, conferences).
Prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease in patients with psoriasis: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiaochao , Zhang Suhan , Wu Ruifang , Li Siying , Su Yuwen , Zhang Peng 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivePsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease with autoimmune aetiology. A possible link between psoriasis and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) has been suggested in some studies with inconsistent findings. This meta-analysis aims to determine the association between psoriasis and AITD.DesignA meta-analysis of observational studies.Data sourcesPubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and the Cochrane Library were searched up to 1 November 2021.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe included non-randomised studies, each with over 50 cases in every group, focusing on the rate of comorbidity between psoriasis and AITD.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers screened the articles and extracted data. The restricted maximum-likelihood was applied to perform the meta-analysis. OR and 95% CIs were pooled to compare the prevalence of AITD in psoriasis and control groups. Heterogeneity was assessed with I2 statistic. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality were applied for quality assessment. The risk of bias was assessed with Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies-of Interventions (ROBINS-I).ResultsEleven available studies with data on 253 313 patients with psoriasis and 1 376 533 controls were included. Meta-analysis showed that patients with psoriasis had a higher prevalence of AITD (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.35 to 2.28, Z=4.25, p<0.01), especially loss-of-function disorder of the thyroid gland. Both thyroglobulin antibodies positive rate (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.27 to 3.10, Z=3.00, p<0.01) and thyroid peroxidase antibodies positive rate (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.31 to 3.52, Z=3.05, p<0.01) were also increased in the psoriasis group compared with the control group.ConclusionsOur study indicates that the rate of co-occurring AITD was significantly increased in patients with psoriasis. It suggests that the increased risk of AITD should be concerned in patients with psoriasis.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020206005.