bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vertical motion in the Indian summer monsoon
Authors: AWADE S. T. , KESHAVAMURTY R. N. 
Published: February 2022

The vertical motion field in the Indian monsoon region has been studied for mean July, a strong monsoon day (7 July 1933) and a weak monsoon day (19 July 1963). We have used the quasi-geostrophic omega equation for this purpose, In addition to forcings due to thermal and differential voriticty advection, the vertical motion due to orography and friction have been included. The vertical motions due to the different forcing functions have been computed. The cumulative omega field due to all forcing functions and due to individual forcing functions together with their vertical profiles are delineated.

Conversion from potential to kinetic energy associated with the vertical circulations have been computed and presented in this paper, It is seen that the meridicnal circulation in the y-p plane is very marked on 7 July with ascent over north India and descent to the south. On 19th, however, uniform descent is seen everywhere. There is conversion from zonal available potential energy to zonal kinetic energy on the day of active monsoon. The conversion is much smaller on the day of weak monsoon. Other energy conversions are also discussed.
On some characteristic features of rainfall associated with monsoon depressions over India
Authors: CHOWDHURY A. , GAIKWAD S. D. 
Published: February 2022

All monsoon depressions which formed during 1961- 74 over the Bay of Bengal and moved in westerly or westnorthwesterly directions have been composited to obtain the mean rainfall pattern around the primitive depression centre. Variations in the pattern and intensity of rainfall as the depression approach the Arabian Sea have been examined and discussed.

Results indicate absence of large-scale rainfall activity near the depression centre. A primary zone of the heaviest fall occurs in the southwest sector about 200 to 400 km from the centre while a secondary zone of comparatively less rainfall amount is located about 800 km west of the depression centre. It is seen that when a depression is to the west of 80 deg. E, it gives considerably higher amount of rainfall sometimes twice of the amount released by the mean depression on an average than when it is to the east of 80 deg. E.
Jet streams at 150 mb during a large scale Drought in Indian summer monsoon
Authors: SAEED ABDULKARIM AHMED 
Published: February 2022

During 1972 a year of large scale drought in the Indian summer monsoon rainfall, the mean u-field at 150 mb shows a weaker than normal tropical easterly jet stream over south Asia and a stronger than normal sub-tropical westerly jet stream over Australia; the mean v-field shows that the cross equatorial northerlies are weaker and displaced eastwards by about 20° longitude.

The two years 1970 and 1975 of highest monsoon rainfall for India of the decade 1970-1979 were compared with the two years of lowest monsoon rainfall 1972 and 1979, In the strength of the sub-tropical Jet stream (STJ) over Australia as seen from an analysis of monthly mean u-fields of July and August. It is seen that during the poor rainfall years, the STJ is about 20% stronger than in the good monsoon years.
Atmospheric diffusion model for Delhi for regulatory purposes
Authors: GUPTA R. N. , PADMANABHAMURTY B. 
Published: February 2022

To assess the air quality over short periods of the order of an hour to a day of relatively stable pollutants over an urban area, a model has been developed. The steady state Gaussian diffusion equations for point sources and their integration for area sources have been utilised. The maximum concentrations pf sulphur dioxide averaged over 24 hours by this model during any of the four seasons at Delhi due to area and point sources, has not exceeded United States Environmental Protection Agency’s (US EPA) Primary Air Quality. Standards. However, in some pockets in Delhi around Industrial areas, 24-how. maximum concentration exceeded US EPA secondary standards.
Penerapan Sistem Gadai Emas Pada PT. Pegadaian Syariah Kantor Cabang Kota Probolinggo
Authors: Nasrifah Maula , Chusnul Siti 
Published: February 2022

Gadai Emas merupakan pemberian dana kepada nasabah dengan menggunakan pembiayaan gadai yang dapat memenuhi kebutuhan keuangan nasabah dengan menggunakan emas sebagai jaminan atas pembiayaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan Sistem Gadai Emas pada PT. Pegadaian Syariah kantor cabang probolinggo sekaligus mendeskripsikan kendala-kendala yang dihadapi PT. Pegadaian Syariah Kantor Cabang Probolinggo didalam proses penerapannya.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan, yang bersifat deskriptif kualitatif dengan melakukan wawancara secara mendalam kepada pihak PT. Pegadaian Syariah, data tersebut kemudian dianalisis dan menghasilkan kesimpulan.
Dari hasil penelitian dapat dijelaskan bahwa pada penerapannya sudah menerapkan tahapan-tahapan yang mudah namun tetap sesuai dengan standar operasional yang ada, diantaranya; melalui tahapan pengajuan pembiayaan, tahapan penaksiran emas sebagai barang jaminan, tahapan pencairan dana pembiayaan, tahapan pada saat jatuh tempo dan tahapan-tahapan pada saat pelunasan. Sedangkan kendala-kendala yang sering dihadapi karena kesulitan berkomuniasi dengan nasabah yang tidak dapat melakukan pelunasan dan menghadapi komplain dari nasabah atas barang jaminan.

Kata Kunci: Gadai Emas, Nasabah, dan PT. Pegadaian Syariah
PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN THE DECLINE OF RENAL FUNCTION AMONG OUTPATIENTS ATTENDING A COMMUNITY HOSPITAL, CENTRAL THAILAND
Authors: Chamnanmont Chatchaya , Chaiyakham Napat , Kaensingh Sittirat , Kaewput Wisit , Rangsin Ram , Sakboonyarat Boonsub 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is recognized as global public health issue especially affecting developing countries including Thailand. The epidemiologic data in the decline of renal function and the risk factors among Thai patients especially in community hospital settings were limited.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to identify the prevalence and associated risk factors in the decline of renal function among outpatients in Thaluang Community Hospital, Lop Buri Province, central Thailand, between November 1, 2018 and October 31, 2019. The decline in renal function was defined by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60 mL/min/1.73m2. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain the adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the factors related to the decline of renal function.
Results: A total of 874 outpatients participated in the study. The overall prevalence in the decline of renal function (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73m2) was 20.3% (95% CI; 17.5%-22.9%). Among male participants, the prevalence in the decline of renal function was 21.1% (95%CI; 16.7%-25.5%) while it totaled 19.7% (95%CI; 16.3%-23.1%) among females. The independent associated factors in the decline of renal function included greater age (AOR 1.07; 95% CI=1.05-1.09), history of NSAIDs used (AOR 2.97; 95% CI=1.85-4.79) and elevated pulse pressure (PP) >75th percentile (AOR 1.64; 95% CI=1.07-2.53)
Conclusion: We reported the prevalence in the decline of renal function among outpatients in a Thai community hospital which was comparable with the national level. Advanced age, history of NSAIDs used and PP were related to reduced kidney function. Therefore, effective health interventions should be conducted especially, appropriate NSAIDs used among outpatients.
True vs. False
Authors: Guth Stephan 
Published: February 2022

A cluster of arrays “provid[ing] principles of order within the unstructured simultaneity of everyday-worlds”* in Egypt and Tunisia in 2016, forming part of the two countries’ “culture” during the In 2016 project’s target year.
*H. U. Gumbrecht, In 1926: Living at the Edge of Time (1997), 443.
Use of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)–Incompatible Platelet Units in HLA Platelet-Refractory Patients With Limited Number of or Low-Level HLA Donor-Specific Antibodies Results in Permissive Transfusions
Authors: Sullivan Jensyn Cone , Peña Jeremy Ryan 
Published: February 2022

Context.—
In human leukocyte antigen (HLA)–mediated alloimmune platelet refractoriness, HLA-incompatible platelets may produce adequate posttransfusion corrected count increment (“permissive transfusion”) and increase the donor pool.

Objective.—
To determine if a lower number of or low-level anti-HLA donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) predict permissive transfusion and could be used to prioritize platelet selection.

Design.—
We categorized platelets administered from 2016 to 2018 as HLA-compatible or HLA-incompatible based on presence of DSAs against the donor unit. We further divided HLA-incompatible units based on the number of DSAs and the level of DSAs (measured by mean fluorescence intensity [MFI]), where cumulative MFI ≥6000 defines high-level DSA. We compared posttransfusion corrected count increments (CCIs) and transfusion reactions among these transfusions.

Results.—
Of 279 HLA-selected units transfused into 26 platelet-refractory patients, we resorted to using 39 HLA-incompatible units (14%). Posttransfusion CCI and transfusion reaction frequency were similar among units targeted by 1 or low-level DSAs and HLA-compatible units. Units targeted by ≥2 distinct or high-level DSAs produced lower CCIs. Regardless of ABO compatibility, similarly HLA-categorized units yielded comparable CCIs and comparable frequency of transfusion reactions.

Conclusions.—
HLA-incompatible platelets transfused across 1 or low-level DSAs were commonly permissive, whereas those transfused across ≥2 DSAs or high levels of DSA (MFI ≥6000) were nonpermissive. The use of such donor units offers transfusion services alternative platelet units for support of platelet-refractory patients.
A Study on Constraints and Suggestions in Agriwaste Management by Farmers of Medak District in Telangana
Authors: Ravi G. , Savitha B. , Sreenivasulu M. , Vidyasagar G. E. Ch. 
Published: February 2022

Agriculture is the largest contributor of any resource sector, to the economy. Agriculture is also a larger generator of waste material. This paper focused to study the constraits and suggestions in agri waste managemet The Ex-post facto research design was adopted for the study with a sample of 120, covering Medak district of Telangana state. This study focus on analysis of profile characterstics respondents, constraints and suggestions of of respondents in agri waste management. Major constraints expressed by the farmers in adoption of agri waste management practices were, agri waste management practices requires additional work and cost, non availability of labour for the agri waste management practices, difficult to manage huge volume of agri waste, decomposition of agri waste takes time and low preference of farmers for doing waste management practices. Suggestions expressed by respondents for increased adoption of agri waste management were extension agents should educate and demonstrate about latest technologies in agri waste management, promotion of group approach to manage agri waste, promotion of more number of custom hiring centers for easy access by small and marginal farmers at village level (Happy seeder, Turbo seeder), village level industries should be developed (vermi-compost).
Genetic Parameters Studies for Yield, Yield Contributing and Morphological Traits in Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)
Authors: Baig K. S. , Chinchane V. N. , Gaikwad A. R. , Munde S. M. 
Published: February 2022

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is the only oilseed crop having richest source of quality protein (~ 40%) apart from 20% edible and having share of 22 % edible oil requirement of the country. The present study was carried out to estimate the important genetic parameters such as genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV), phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV), heritability (h2) and expected genetic advance (EGA).Thirty-five soybean genotypes collected from different centers of the country were studied for nine yield, yield contributing and morphological characters at All India Coordinated Research Project on Soybean during kharif ,2013. The analysis of variance revealed that the sufficient variability was present in the material for all the characters. The value of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) is greater than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV). The high GCV and PCV were observed for number of pods per plant, number of branches per plant, seed yield per plant and plant height. High heritability estimates coupled with high expected genetic advance were observed for the characters seed yield per plant, number of pods per plant, number of branches per plant and plant height indicating the presence of additive gene action. Therefore, more emphasis should be focused on these traits during selection for genetic improvement of soybean.
Phytochemical Screening, Total Phenolics Content and Antioxydants Potential of Different parts of Grangea maderaspatana from Burkina Faso
Authors: Abdoulaye Yougoubo , Constantin M Dabire , K. Rémy Bationo , Adama Hema , Eloi Pale , H. Roger Nebie C. , Danhabal S. P. 
Published: February 2022

This work is a contribution to a better use of Grangea maderaspatana belonging to family Asteracea as a medicinal plant for its phytochemicals. Extracts of different parts of Grangea maderaspatana were thus screened for their phytochemicals, including phenolics, tannins and flavonoids contents and total antioxidant contents.
The extracts were obtained from the roots, flowers, leafy branches and the whole plant using hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The phytochemical screening was carried out by means of thin layer chromatography, colorimetric and precipitation reactions. Total phenolics contents, total flavonids et totat antioxidants contents were evaluated by spectrophotometric methods.
The phytochemical screening revealed that G. maderaspatana different parts contained phenolics, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, sterols and terpenes at different content. Total phenolics contents ranged from 0.051 to 93.455 mg GAE/g of extract in dichloromethane extract of leafy branches and in the ethyl acetate extract of flowers, respectively. Those of total flavonoids ranged from 82.984 in the roots methanolic extract to 753.337 mg QE/g in the ethyl acetate extract of flowers. Total antioxidant contents, assessed by , and methods are highest in ethyl acetate extracts compared to others extraction solvents.
maderaspatana contains a variety of secondary metabolites whose levels vary according to the plant part used.
Transdermal Drug Delivery System: A Novel Alternative for Drug Delivery
Authors: Lal Bharat , Gadewar Manoj 
Published: February 2022

Orally administered pharmaceuticals now account for 74% of all prescriptions, however studies have shown that oral medications are often less effective due to first pass metabolism and not stable drug blood level etc. Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) was developed to enhance such qualities. Every 2.2 years, the FDA grants approval for a new transdermal medication delivery system, fueling a multibillion dollar industry. An extensive evaluation of the technology, business, and products has been warranted since the FDA initially authorized the first transdermal medicine patch around 40 years ago. Transdermal medication delivery systems on demand are made possible by patches, a special kind of patch. The transdermal medication delivery system's adhesive plays a key role in the product's safety, effectiveness, and quality. Compared to more traditional delivery modalities, such as oral or invasive injection, topical therapy provides several benefits. Limiting hepatic first-pass metabolism, improving therapeutic efficacy, and maintaining a constant plasma level are all benefits of transdermal drug administration. Types of transdermal patches, production techniques, mechanism of action, kinetics, clinical concerns, and their physicochemical methods of assessment are all covered in this article.
Harnessing DNA for Immunotherapy: Cancer, Infectious Diseases, and Beyond
Authors: Wang Yixin , Chen‐Mayfield Ting‐Jing , Li Zhaoting , Younis Muhsin H. , Cai Weibo , Hu Quanyin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDespite the rapid development of immunotherapy, low response rates, poor therapeutic outcomes, and severe side effects still limit its implementation, making the augmentation of immunotherapy an important goal for current research. DNA, which is principally recognized for its functions of encoding genetic information, has recently attracted research interest due to its emerging role in immune modulation. Inspired by the intrinsic DNA‐sensing signaling that triggers the host defense in response to foreign DNA, DNA or nucleic acid‐based immune stimulators have been used in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Besides that, DNA vaccines allow the synthesis of target proteins in host cells, subsequently inducing recognition of these antigens to provoke immune responses. On this basis, researchers have designed numerous vehicles for DNA and nucleic acid delivery to regulate immune systems. Additionally, DNA nanostructures are also implemented as vaccine delivery systems to elicit strong immune responses against pathogens and diseased cells. This review will introduce the mechanism of harnessing DNA‐mediated immunity for the prevention and treatment of diseases, summarize recent progress, and envisage their future applications and challenges.
Gold Nanomaterials‐Implemented Wearable Sensors for Healthcare Applications
Authors: Yi Jiuhong , Xianyu Yunlei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWearable sensors have drawn considerable interest for healthcare applications due to their low cost, flexibility, lightweight, and biocompatibility. Gold nanomaterials possess excellent properties such as high conductivity/flexibility, facile surface functionalization, biocompatibility, wide electrochemical sensing window, and extraordinary optical response, making them excellent candidates for wearable sensors. By implementing gold nanomaterials such as gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and gold nanowires (AuNWs), great efforts are devoted to fabricate wearable sensors with rational designs for healthcare applications. This review focuses on recent advances in gold nanomaterials‐implemented wearable sensors, particularly the fabrication method, the working mechanism, and the performance of these wearable sensors in healthcare‐related applications. Wearable sensors including strain/pressure sensors, humidity/gas sensors, electrochemical sensors, and colorimetric sensors are discussed and highlighted. Meanwhile, future prospects and challenges are also discussed on the development of gold nanomaterials‐implemented wearable sensors.
Dendrite‐Free Lithium Deposition and Stripping Regulated by Aligned Microchannels for Stable Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Ni Shuyan , Sheng Jinzhi , Zhang Chang , Wu Xin , Yang Chuang , Pei Songfeng , Gao Runhua , Liu Wei , Qiu Ling , Zhou Guangmin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLi metal is the ultimate choice for the anode in next‐generation high energy density rechargeable batteries. However, undesired dendrite growth, dead Li formation, and a large volume change of the lithium metal anode lead to severe safety hazards such as short‐circuiting, fire, or even explosion. Graphene oxide (GO) in large areas has been prepared as the Li metal host via a continuous centrifugal casting method. Aligned microchannels are then fabricated in it by a simple punching method using 3D printed templates. The GO matrix effectively regulates the lithium plating/stripping behavior while the aligned channels uniformly distributes the Li‐ion flux and provides short Li‐ion diffusion paths. The Li/ holey GO composite is flexible with a controllable thickness from 50 to 150 µm, which corresponds to capacities from 9.881 to 27.601 mAh cm−2. As a result, the anode has a low overpotential of 30 mV after 100 h, a high capacity of ≈3538 mAh g−1 (91.4% of the theoretical capacity), and a superior rate ability of up to 50 C with a LiFePO4 cathode. The holey GO/Li electrode is also paired with other cathodes and used in pouch cells, indicating its suitability for various high‐energy battery systems.
Gradient Doping in Sn–Pb Perovskites by Barium Ions for Efficient Single‐Junction and Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Yu Zhenhua , Chen Xihan , Harvey Steven P. , Ni Zhenyi , Chen Bo , Chen Shangshang , Yao Canglang , Xiao Xun , Xu Shuang , Yang Guang , Yan Yanfa , Berry Joseph J. , Beard Matthew C. , Huang Jinsong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNarrow‐bandgap (NBG) tin (Sn)–lead (Pb) perovskites generally have a high density of unintentional p‐type self‐doping, which reduces the charge‐carrier lifetimes, diffusion lengths, and device efficiencies. Here, a p–n homojunction across the Sn–Pb perovskite is demonstrated, which results from a gradient doping by barium ions (Ba2+). It is reported that 0.1 mol% Ba2+ can effectively compensate the p‐doping of Sn–Pb perovskites or even turns it to n‐type without changing its bandgap. Ba2+ cations are found to stay at the interstitial sites and work as shallow electron donor. In addition, Ba2+ cations show a unique heterogeneous distribution in perovskite film. Most of the barium ions stay in the top 600 nm region of the perovskite films and turn it into weakly n‐type, while the bottom portion of the film remains as p‐type. The gradient doping forms a homojunction from top to bottom of the perovskite films with a built‐in field that facilitates extraction of photogenerated carriers, resulting in an increased carrier extraction length. This strategy enhances the efficiency of Sn–Pb perovskite single‐junction solar cells to over 21.0% and boosts the efficiencies of monolithic perovskite–perovskite tandem solar cells to 25.3% and 24.1%, for active areas of 5.9 mm2 and 0.94 cm2, respectively.
Enhanced Thermal Conductivity via In Situ Constructed CNT Aerogel Structure in Composites
Authors: Qian Gang , Wu Bin , Qin Zhen , Li Xu , Zheng Zhengzhi , Xia Ru , Qian Jiasheng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPolymer‐based thermal conductivity composite plays an important role in the thermal management of electronic devices to ensure normal operation. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are effective thermally conductive fillers to improve the heat transfer efficiency of composites. However, the controlled arrangement of CNT in composites is still a huge challenge for improving their thermal conductivity. To address this issue, CNT aerogel with a regular structure is in situ constructed as a heat transfer pathway based on the catalytic conversion of zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF‐67) aerogel. Benefiting from the network structure of aerogel, the in‐plane thermal conductivity of composites not only reach 1.1 W m–1 K–1 at 7.35 vol% filler, but also exhibit a small fluctuation with the increase of temperature. The composites open previously unexplored preparation avenues toward electronic packing thermal management materials.