bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression profile of FGF23, alpha klotho, microRNA-126, and wnt signaling pathway gene polymorphism in patients with acute or chronic kidney diseases: relation to dialysis requirements
Authors: Hassan Mohammed H. , Saleem Tahia H. , Abdallah Ahmed Alamir Mahmoud , Abdelhady Marwa , Salama Doha Abd-Elraheem , Elsaied Abdelrahman A. , Mohammed Abdallah Elaiw , Hashim Abdelkader Ahmed 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe connection between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI) is becoming more widely acknowledged, as the two conditions probably exacerbate one other. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the circulating levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), αKlotho, and mircoRNA-126 (miR-126) and to explore the possible genetic role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the klotho G-395A (rs1207568), C1818T (rs564481), and wnt signaling pathway AXIN-1 C > T (rs9921222) in AKI and CKD patients and their relation to progression of kidney disease and dialysis necessity. In this case–control study, there were 50 AKI patients, 100 CKD patients, and 50 healthy controls. ELISA assay kits were utilized to measure the plasma concentrations of FGF23 and α klotho, while reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to measure the expression levels of miR-126. Using conventional PCR methods, rs1207568, rs564481 and rs9921222 SNPs were genetically analyzed. Patients with AKI and CKD had significantly higher median FGF23 levels than controls (P < 0.05), with the AKI group showing much higher levels than the CKD patients (P < 0.05). Patients with AKI and CKD had significantly lower median αKlotho levels than controls (P < 0.001). When CKD patients were compared to controls and AKI patients, the expression levels of miR-126 were significantly greater, while significantly lower in AKI patients compared to controls, (P < 0.05). AKI and CKD patients had a significantly greater frequency of GG genotype of rs1207568 than the control group (< 0.001, and = 0.021 respectively). However, for klotho rs564481, all participants had CT genotype. In the CKD group compared to controls, rs9921222 SNP revealed a considerably greater frequency of mutant heterozygous CT genotype with a significantly lower wild CC genotype, P = < 0.001. Area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.638 for miR-126 expression levels indicate modest efficacy in identifying dialysis necessity among AKI patients. While miR-126 and plasma FGF23 expression levels among CKD patients demonstrated high efficacy, with AUC values of 0.924 and 0.845, respectively. αKlotho's AUC of 0.786 indicated a moderate level of discriminatory ability. AKI and CKD may be associated with disrupted expression levels of FGF23, αKlotho, and miR-126, which may serve as possible biomarkers for CKD patients requiring dialysis. An increased risk of developing CKD was shown to be associated with the GG genotype of the Klotho rs1207568 SNP and the CT genotype of the wnt signaling pathway rs9921222 SNP.
Treatment Patterns and Costs Among Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma in the United States: A Real-World Study Using Integrated Claims and Clinical Data
Authors: Geynisman Daniel M. , Hill Nathan R. , Rosenblatt Lisa C. , Yin Xin , Haley Valerie B. , Barron John J. , Nguyen Chi , Vilanova David , George Saby 
Published: January 2025

PURPOSE
The treatment landscape for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has evolved in recent years with the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immuno-oncology (IO) therapies. This study examined patient characteristics, treatment patterns, health care resource utilization (HCRU), costs, and survival for individuals with mRCC who received either IO + IO or IO + TKI combinations as first-line (1L) regimens.

METHODS
This retrospective cohort study used integrated claims and clinical data from a commercial health plan to study adults with mRCC who began 1L treatment between April 1, 2018, and January 31, 2023. Patient characteristics, 1L and second-line (2L) regimens, and HCRU were described. Costs were summarized per patient per month over time. Survival time was analyzed overall and partitioned into time on 1L, treatment-free survival, and survival after 2L.

RESULTS
Patients receiving 1L IO + IO (n = 471) or IO + TKI (n = 353) regimens generally had similar baseline characteristics although among patients with risk data, 33% of IO-IO patients versus 23% of IO-TKI patients had poor risk scores. Treatment costs were higher for IO + IO in the first 3 months but lower in subsequent time intervals compared with IO + TKI. Total mean costs per patient were $720K in US dollars (USD) for IO + IO and $834K USD for IO + TKI over the course of 3 years. Medication costs represented 80% of total costs. IO + IO patients stayed on 1L therapy for a shorter duration, but cumulative survival time at 24 months was the same (63%) for both groups.

CONCLUSION
Patients receiving 1L IO + IO and IO + TKI regimens had similar baseline characteristics and comparable survival at 30 months. Although IO + IO was associated with higher treatment costs in the first 3 months, the subsequent monthly costs were lower compared with IO + TKI.
Prognostic Factors for Refractory Outcome in Localizing TIO: Experience in a Tertiary Center
Authors: Hoong Caroline Wei Shan , Sfeir Jad G , Tebben Peter , Clarke Bart Lyman 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Context
Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO), a paraneoplastic disorder characterized by renal phosphate wasting, is cured by surgical removal of the culprit tumor. Despite correct localization, some remain refractory to intervention, resulting in substantial long-term medical complications.

Objective
We aim to identify risk factors associated with a refractory outcome.

Methods
This is a retrospective cohort of 44 patients with TIO diagnosed from 1998 to 2023 who underwent targeted intervention following successfully localization. Cure was defined as maintenance of normophosphatemia without supplementation for ≥1 month, maintained at last follow-up.

Results
Twenty-nine patients achieved cure and 15 had a refractory outcome. On univariate Cox regression, the HR for predicting cure was 3.43 (95% CI 1.45-8.11, P = .005) for patients diagnosed after 2013 (compared to before), and that for a negative surgical tumor margin was 2.56 (95% CI 1.20-5.45, P = .015) compared to positive/unspecified margins. After adjustment for year of diagnosis, tumors originating from soft tissue (HR 2.72 vs bone, 95% CI 1.22-6.09, P = .015) or located outside the spine (HR 0.22 for spine vs nonspine, 95% CI 0.05-0.96, P = .043) had higher chances of cure. Size of tumor, age, gender, or baseline biochemistry including levels of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)23, phosphorus, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, or alkaline phosphatase were not predictive of cure. Postprocedural FGF23 was the best biochemical marker of cure (area under curve 0.899, 95% CI 0.764-1.00, P &lt; .001).

Conclusion
Tumors diagnosed within the past decade with clear resection margins had more favorable prognoses. With regards to tumoral factors, baseline biochemistry was uninformative in predicting cure, while bone and/or spine localizations were associated with a refractory outcome.
Hip Fracture Intervention Study for Prevention of Hypotension Trial: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Luney Matthew S. , White Stuart M. , Moppett Iain K. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
Hypotension during anesthesia for surgery for hip fracture is common and associated with myocardial injury, stroke, acute kidney injury, and delirium. We hypothesized that maintaining intraoperative blood pressure close to patients’ preoperative values would reduce these complications compared to usual care.

METHODS:
A pilot feasibility patient- and assessor-blinded parallel group randomized controlled trial. People with unilateral hip fracture aged ≥70 years with capacity to give consent before surgery were eligible. Participants were allocated at random before surgery to either tight blood pressure control (systolic blood pressure ≥80% preoperative baseline and mean arterial blood pressure ≥75 mm Hg) or usual care. Feasibility outcomes were protocol adherence, primary outcome data completeness, and recruitment rate. The composite primary outcome was myocardial injury, stroke, acute kidney injury or delirium within 7 days of surgery.

RESULTS:
Seventy-six participants were enrolled, and 12 withdrew before randomization. Sixty-four participants were randomized, 30 were allocated to control, and 34 to intervention. There was no crossover, all 64 participants received their allocated treatment, primary outcome was known for all participants. The composite primary outcome occurred in 14 of 30 participants in the control group compared with 23 of 34 participants in the intervention group (P = .09), relative risk 1.45 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.93–2.27).

CONCLUSIONS:
A randomized controlled trial of tight intraoperative blood pressure control compared to usual care to reduce major postoperative complications after fractured neck of femur surgery is possible. However, the data would suggest a large sample size would be required for a definitive trial.
Differences between SSRI and SNRI in depression treatment
Authors: Grego Mateusz , Grego Katarzyna , Stojak Łukasz , Popiela Dariusz , Urbańska Karina , Kwiatkowski Filip , Baczewski Mateusz , Czyż Witold 
Published: January 2025

Introduction
Depressive disorders represent a significant health problem worldwide. With the development of pharmacotherapy, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) have become preferred therapeutic options. SSRIs are the most commonly used first-line medications, but there are controversies regarding their efficacy compared to SNRIs.

Aim of Study
The aim of this study is to analyze the differences between two groups of drugs – SSRIs and SNRIs – in the treatment of depression and to try to identify on this basis a group of drugs that should be used as first-line drugs in the treatment of depression.

Materials and Methods
This review was conducted by searching scientific publications on PubMed and Google Scholar. The analysis took into account a number of studies comparing individual drugs from both groups of drugs, and then concisely summarized their conclusions.

Conclusion
The review of the literature and clinical trial results shows that no single universal group of medications can be identified for depression therapy. The choice should be tailored individually to each patient, taking into account the symptoms of their illness and the side effects of previously used medications. At the same time, the review highlighted the need for further research into the types of treatment for depressive disorders.
Species composition and size distribution of fishes in mangrove ecosystems in Kendari and Staring Bays, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: FEKRI LATIFA , ANALUDDIN KANGKUSO , YUSNAINI YUSNAINI , ADIMU HASAN ELDIN , CHADIJAH ANDI 
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Fekri L, Analuddin K, Yusnaini, Adimu HE, Chadijah A. 2024. Species composition and size distribution of fishes in mangrove ecosystems in Kendari and Staring Bays, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3683-3692. Mangrove ecosystem plays very important role in supporting marine organisms including fishes, shells, etc. This study aimed to determine the species composition and size distribution of fishes living around the mangrove ecosystems in Kendari and Staring Bays, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Fish samplings were conducted using 6 gill nets fishing gear with mesh sizes of 1, 1.5 and 2 inches. Mangrove species composition was sampled using circular plots with diameter of 14 m. The fish conservation status and abundance were determined, while size distribution was analyzed in terms of frequency distribution of body weight, and correlation of body weight and body length. A total of 33 fish species were recorded across the two sampling sites with 30 species were found in Kendari Bay and 19 species were found in Staring Bay. The fish species are mostly classified as least concern based on the IUCN Red List. We found that species richness, presence and abundance of fishes varied according to the moon lightness periods during the fish catchments. The highest species richness was found in the dark moon both in Kendari and Staring Bays, while the lower fish richness was found in the transition from the dark to the full moon in Kendari Bay and the transition from the full moon to the dark moon in Staring Bay. Five fish species associated with mangroves of Kendari and Staring Bays were found more abundant and showed different size distribution pattern, i.e., normal shape of size distribution for Zenarchopterus dispar (Valenciennes, 1847), Ambassis dussumieri Cuvier, 1828 and Upeneus moluccensis Bleeker, 1855, while Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 and Acentrogobius viridipunctatus Valenciennes, 1837 showed L-shaped size distribution. These five dominant fishes showed well allometric relationships of body length and weight. Our findings suggested that mangrove ecosystems in Kendari and Staring Bays play an important role in maintaining fish diversity.
Polarization-based selective photoionization of 67Zn in a weak external magnetic field
Authors: Waso Frederick J. , Steenkamp Christine M. 
Published: January 2025

Isotope selective photoionization of 67Zn is demonstrated with broadband
excitation light (∼3.4GHz), temporally separated laser pulses
in the presence of a weak external magnetic field. Starting with
natural zinc metal (∼4% 67Zn), the ion sample was enriched to ∼90% 67Zn. Efficient suppression of the
ionization of the even-mass isotopes was achieved by intermediate
state alignment in the excitation scheme 4s21S0→4s4p3P1→4s4d3D1, followed by nonresonant
photoionization. The first excitation pulse was linearly polarized
parallel to the transverse component of the external magnetic field
and the linear polarization of the second excitation pulse was rotated
to compensate for Larmor precession of the quantization axis during
the temporal delay between the two excitations. This is the first
systematic study, in the context of resonance ionization,
investigating the independent and continuous rotation of the
polarizations of the excitation pulses and demonstrating efficient
compensation for the presence of an external magnetic field that has
an arbitrary direction. Experimental results are supported by a vector
model combined with rate equations.
Optimization, analysis, and thermal performance enhancement of the cooling flow channel for a condenser mirror
Authors: Li Jiaming , Wang Ha , Wang He , Zhang Kai , Yao Yuan , Zhang Yutian , Hao Songtao , Xie Xiaolin , Qu Hemeng , Zhang Jizhen 
Published: January 2025

Condenser mirrors with the ellipsoidal surface type are widely used in laser illuminating systems. Nonetheless, thermal absorption in optical components is unavoidable because of high-energy lasers, leading to a decline in surface shape accuracy. In extreme instances, this can shorten the operational longevity or impair the system’s focusing capabilities. Currently, water cooling is a major technical approach for controlling the thermal deformation of condenser mirrors. This paper proposes an efficient cooling flow channel based on topology optimization methods for high-gradient ellipsoidal optical mirrors. Firstly, topology optimization of the cooling flow channel was performed with the objective function of minimizing average temperature and entransy dissipation. Next, the influence of different design parameters on the optimization results was investigated, and the optimal topological structure was obtained. Then, a thermal–fluid–solid coupled simulation was carried out for a three-dimensional model of the water-cooled condenser mirror to verify the topology optimization design. The results show that when the inlet flow rate is 2.82×10−4m3/s, the surface shape accuracy of the water-cooled condenser mirror (RMS 213.79 nm) equipped with the topology optimization cooling flow channel is reduced by 22.96% compared to that of the water-cooled condenser mirror (RMS 277.66 nm) with the traditional spiral cooling flow channel. Finally, the manufacturability of the optimized model was verified by selective laser melting technology and x-ray detection.
Nonlinear real-time correction in homodyne interferometers by multi-area spatial sampling and dimensionality-reduced ellipse fitting
Authors: Yang Yaao , Lin Zichao , Deng Xiao , Zhang Wentao , Jiang Qubo , Du Hao , Zhao Zhengyi , Xue Dongbai , Li Tongbao , Cheng Xinbin 
Published: January 2025

Homodyne interferometers are susceptible to signal instability, including the amplitude, relative phase, and DC bias of interference signals, which lead to dynamic nonlinear errors that require real-time correction to ensure full-range displacement measurement accuracy. To address these issues, this paper proposes a real-time, non-iterative FPGA-based nonlinear correction method, designed to balance accuracy and computational efficiency. The method employs peak detection to simplify the elliptical fitting matrix and utilizes feature-based segmented sampling to perform reduced-order correction. Experimental results show that when elliptical signals are unstable, this method reduces residual error from 1.14 nm to 0.12 nm, effectively compensating for nonlinear errors. In a 25 µm displacement test, this method maintains nonlinear error deviation within the sub-nanometer range compared to traditional correction methods, while reducing the computational load by two orders of magnitude, achieving a balance between correction accuracy and efficiency.
Emergency care knowledge, utilization, and barriers in Northern Tanzania: A community-based survey
Authors: Shayo Frida , Zaccheus Gregory Goodluck , Sakita Francis , Hernandes Thiago Rocha , Vissoci Joao Ricardo Nickenig , Gordee Alexander , Kuchibhatla Maragatha , Kiremeji Michael , Minja Linda , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Staton Catherine A. , Keating Elizabeth M. , Joiner Anjni P. 
Published: January 2025

Background
Emergency care systems are critical to improving care for time-sensitive emergency conditions. The growth and development of these systems in Sub-Saharan Africa is becoming a priority. Layperson knowledge and recognition of emergency symptoms and subsequent care-seeking behavior are key to achieving timely access to care and appropriate treatment. This study aimed to assess community knowledge of emergency conditions as well as barriers to accessing the emergency care system in Northern Tanzania.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study of households in three districts in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania from June to September 2021. The primary outcome was an inappropriate response to any of five hypothetical emergency conditions. Secondary outcomes were the incidence of household emergencies and delay in care access for those with emergency conditions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Associations between the outcome of interest and select household characteristics were analyzed using Fisher’s Exact tests for categorical measures and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests for continuous measures.

Results
A total of 539 households were interviewed with 2,274 participants. The majority (46.8%) were from Moshi District Council. 73.7% used cash and/or had no insurance. The mean monthly household income was 226,107.6 Tanzanian Shillings. 76 (14.1%) households reported experiencing an emergency condition in the past year and 225 (41.7%) of respondents had an inappropriate response to at least one hypothetical emergency condition. A higher proportion of those with delayed access to healthcare paid with personal cash and a lower proportion had national health insurance. A higher proportion of those with inappropriate responses to hypothetical emergency conditions lived in rural districts, were uninsured, and had a lower mean income.

Conclusion
Community-dwelling adults in Northern Tanzania have significant gaps in understanding of emergency care conditions and delayed access to care for these conditions. Distance to the healthcare facilities, cost, and lack of insurance may contribute to care delays. Increasing insurance coverage and developing emergency medical services may improve access to care.
Effect of power training on function and body composition in older women with probable sarcopenia. A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Polo-Ferrero Luis , Sáez-Gutiérrez Susana , Dávila-Marcos Arturo , Barbero-Iglesias Fausto J. , Sánchez-Sánchez María C. , Puente-González Ana Silvia , Méndez-Sánchez Roberto 
Published: January 2025

Background
Sarcopenia is a clinical syndrome characterized by the loss of muscle mass and strength. Hormonal changes that occur early in women may influence protein synthesis and promote muscle atrophy, leading to probable sarcopenia, defined as a loss of muscle strength without an obvious decrease in muscle mass. Various types of exercise have already proven effective in treating sarcopenia. Power training (PT), a subtype of resistance training performed at high speed, has not yet been studied in this population group.

Methods
A randomized controlled trial will be conducted with three parallel groups: a PT group, a multicomponent training (MT) group, and a no-exercise group. The inclusion criteria will be women over 65 years of age who meet the diagnostic criteria for probable sarcopenia (Hand grip test less than 16 kg and Five Times Sit to Stand Test more than 15 s) according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2). Two assessments will be conducted at the beginning and at the end of the 32 weeks of intervention, in which variables of body composition (muscle, fat and weight) and functionality (strength and physical performance) will be collected. There will be 3 sessions of 50 minutes per week in each intervention group. The masking strategy will be double-blind. The analysis of intergroup differences will be conducted using multivariate and univariate analysis of variance (MANOVA and ANOVA), as well as pairwise comparisons (Bonferroni corrections). Changes in the degree of sarcopenia and how many women eliminate the risk of sarcopenia (no probable sarcopenia) after the different interventions will be tested.

Discussion
The study aims to investigate the impact of PT in older women at risk of sarcopenia. The expected results are that PT will significantly improve functionality and body composition compared to other forms of exercise (MT) and no physical activity. The results may represent a significant advance in understanding and addressing sarcopenia before it becomes established, providing preventive treatment and new tools whose clinical applicability has been studied.

Trial registration
The clinical trial was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05870046.