bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of Shore Juniper To Ozone Alone and in Mixture with Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Dioxide
Authors: Fravel D. R. , Benson D. M. , Reinert R. A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A single 4 hour exposure of shore juniper, Juniperus conferta Parl., to 0.3 ppm O3, alone or in combination with 0.15 ppm nitrogen dioxide and/or sulfur dioxide, produced a significant number of small (<3 mm), elongate, tan foliar lesions 2 to 4 days after exposure. The injury symptoms were not identical to those associated with shore juniper decline.
Effect of Hot Water Treatment on Respiration, Endogenous Ethanol, and Ethylene Production from Gladiolus Corms and Easter Lily Bulbs
Authors: Hosoki Takashi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A hot water (46° ± 1°C for 1 hr) treatment accelerated sprouting from gladiolus corms (Gladiolus sp.) and Easter lily bulbs (Lilium longiflorum). The respiration rate increased in both corms and bulbs after the hot water treatment. Ethanol was produced in corm and scale tissues immediately after the treatment, but no enhancement of ethylene production was observed.
In Vitro Propagation of African Marigold
Authors: Kothari S. L. , Chandra N. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Leaf segments of Tagetes erecta L. (African marigold) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 6-benzyl-aminopurine (BA), kinetin, 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA), 3-indolebutyric acid (IBA), and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Regeneration of a large number of adventitious shoot buds was observed on a medium with BA (3 to 5 mg/liter) + IAA (1 mg/liter). When shoot buds plus some callus were subcultured on the same medium, additional buds differentiated for up to 2 years. The shoot buds elongated when subcultured on a medium with BA (2 mg/liter) + 0.5 mg/liter gibberellic acid (GA3). Shoots with sufficiently developed internodes were rooted on filter paper bridges in culture tubes on MS liquid medium with IBA (0.5 mg/liter) + GA3 (0.5 mg/liter) to obtain complete plantlets with well developed root and shoot systems. Abnormal negatively geotropic green roots formed on a medium with kinetin (1 to 4 mg/liter) + IBA (1 to 4 mg/liter).
Pollen Viability in Rosa
Authors: Pearson Hugh M. , Harney Patricia M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The viability of fresh pollen from 6 Rosa species (Rosa spinosissima L., R. fedtschenkoana Regel, R. pendulina L., R. arkansana Porter, R. Carolina L., R. virginiana Miller), one botanical variety (R. spinosissima altaica Rehd.) and 3 cultivars (‘Betty Bland’, ‘George Will’, ‘Prairie Princess’) were evaluated. Correlation between pollen staining and germination was positive and significant, but absolute pollen viability was found to be a better indicator of viability than staining. Rosa spinosissima and R. fedtshenkoana were considered to be the best pollen parents from the genotypes sampled.
Germination of Western Soapberry as Affected by Scarification and Stratification
Authors: Munson Richard H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Western soapberry (Sapindus drummondii Hook & Arn.) seeds were collected in Sept. 1982 and scarified with acid or hot water, or treated by freezing. The seeds were sown immediately or after cold-moist stratification for 90 days. Best germination was achieved with acid scarified and stratified seeds followed by hot water treatment plus stratification and freezing plus stratification. Stratification significantly increased the germination of all treatments by a combined average of 25%. Acid scarification for 60 or 90 min provided better germination than scarification periods of 30 or 120 min. Seeds collected in Nov. 1982 and Mar. 1983 germinated as well as seeds collected in Sept. 1982. For maximum germination, fall or winter collection of seeds followed by 60 min acid scarification and 90 days cold moist stratification is recommended.
Guayule Seedling Root Regeneration Potential Increases with Age
Authors: Tipton Jimmy L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Root generation of guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) seedlings was determined by suspending 8, 10, and 12 week old plants in a bottom mist chamber. The number and length of new roots were significantly greater after 3, 6, 9, and 12 days for 12 week old as compared to 8 week old plants. The major difference between 10 and 12 week old plants was an increased root length of 0.44 and 1.03 cm, respectively, after 3 days.
In Vitro Somatic Embryogenesis from Nucellar Callus of Monoembryonic Mango
Authors: Litz Richard E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Slowly growing calli were induced in vitro from nucellar explants excised from fertilized ovules of immature 4.0-4.8 cm long monoembryonic mango fruitlets. The medium consisted of Murashige and Skoog formulation that had been modified accordingly: half strength major salts, 60 g/liter sucrose, 400 mg/liter glutamine, 100 mg/liter ascorbic acid, 1.0 mg/liter 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and 8 g/liter Difco Bacto agar. Somatic embryogenesis occurred from callus on this medium and following subculture to medium without growth regulators. Maturation and limited germination of somatic embryos occurred in the absence of growth regulators.
In Vitro Propagation and Growth of Hydrangea
Authors: Stoltz Leonard P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Hydrangea macrophylla Thunb. ‘Merveille’ can be propagated by tissue culture and the resulting plants acclimated to a greenhouse environment. Utilizing rapidly replicating cultures for continued propagation and slow replicating cultures for producing plants in a greenhouse is an effective method of increasing the overall tissue culture propagation rate. Planting out in a greenhouse by 30 July at the latitude of Lexington, Ky., provided adequate time to develop hydrangea plants that produced 3 or more flowers per plant by 15 Apr.
‘Fu Shuai’ Apple
Authors: Guo Z. N. , Guo G. N. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Old Yellow River Basin district in China is a new apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) growing area (1). ‘Red Astrachan’, ‘Yellow Transparent’, ‘Gravenstein’, and ‘American Summer Pearmain’ are early cultivars grown in this area, but none are well adapted.
‘Harcrest’ Peach
Authors: Layne Richard E. C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Harcrest’ is a cold hardy, productive, attractive, firm-fleshed freestone peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] that ripens 2-3 days after ‘Cresthaven’ and ‘Redskin’ in the late season. It was introduced in 1983 for the Ontario fresh market to extend the ‘Cresthaven’ and ‘Redskin’ season with a similar type of peach and is considered a potential replacement for ‘Redskin’. The tree is vigorous and appears to have moderate field tolerance to perennial canker (Leucostoma spp.). Leaves and fruit are moderately resistant to bacterial spot [Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni (Smith) Young et al.] while flowers and fruit are resistant to brown rot [Monilinia fructicola (Wint.) Honey]. Fruit are resistant to split pits but subject to preharvest drop if hot, dry conditions prevail just before harvest. The yellow flesh does not brown readily on exposure to air. ‘Harcrest’ is well suited for the fresh market including local sales and shipping and is suitable for preservation at home by canning or freezing. ‘Harcrest’ is performing well in regional trials in Ontario, and is adapted to regions where ‘Redhaven’ is successfully grown.
‘Florida XVR 3-25’ Bell Pepper
Authors: Cook A. A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Florida XVR 3-25’ is a nonpungent, bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) resistant to tobacco etch and potato Y viruses and both pepper pathotypes of the spot bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Dowson) Young et al. The combined resistances to these viruses and bacterial spot should prove useful in areas where these diseases are prevalent.
Changes in HortScience: An Opportunity to Improve Communication
Authors: Peirce Lincoln C. , Bliss Fredrick A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
HortScience will undergo some changes that the Publications Committee and the publications staff believe will increase interest and expand usefulness of this publication. The first of these changes—the reorganization of the currently combined Reports & Notes section into 2 separate sections—will begin with the Feb. 1985 issue.
International Alumni Evaluate a Horticulture Department’s Graduate Program
Authors: Bittenbender H. C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
International graduate alumni of the Dept. of Horticulture, Michigan State Univ., were surveyed. Recommendations for future graduate programs were developed with emphasis on students from less developed countries (LDC). Ninety-two percent of the LDC alumni were professionally employed in agricultural colleges, ministries of agriculture or agribusiness prior to graduate work, and over 45% were sponsored by a government or international agency. Fifty-seven percent of all international students were obligated to their governments to return after graduation. It is recommended, based on LDC comments on courses and program orientation, that LDC students take problem-solving courses such as in postharvest physiology, plant pathology, weed control, and plant propagation. Furthermore, the United States is favored for course work for both the MS and PhD degree, but home-based research is highly favored for MS and equally preferred to the United States for PhD research. Postharvest physiology, research program and industry evaluation, and plant breeding were identified by the alumni as important areas for collaboration with the department. A nationwide study of international horticulture alumni is necessary to understand more completely their training needs.
Introduction to the Symposium
Authors: Bliss Fredrick A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
People unaware of the great differences among horticultural crops often regard fruits and vegetables each as a homogeneous group when considering requirements for implementation and support of breeding programs. Each fruit and vegetable crop is different enough, and of sufficient importance, to merit individual consideration. Although the total dollar value or hectarage grown are measures of economic worth of a crop, other factors must be considered when determining the importance of horticultural crops either singularly or as a group. Generally horticultural crops require more intensive culture than field crops, and thus are grown with greater risk which is rewarded by a higher per acre value. The contributions of the horticultural crops to our daily diets are far greater than economic values indicate. The USD A task group (Senti Committee) on GRAS status of new plant cultivars pointed out that fruits and vegetables provide 90% of the Vitamin C, 50% of the Vitamin A, 30% of the B6, 25% of the magnesium, 20% of the thiamin, and 18% of the riboflavin and niacin in the United States food supply. Research support for horticultural crops must reflect, in part, their dietary importance rather than solely their dollar value.
A Private Seed Company’s Views of the Roles of Public and Private Breeders—Cooperation and Support
Authors: Strosnider Robert E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We must ask why we are addressing the roles of private and public breeders when, for at least a century, researchers in the private and public sector have enjoyed a remarkedly close and mutually beneficial relationship. The answer is the evolution of time and a changing economic environment. The public sector bore the major responsibility for both basic research and variety development as recently as 50 to 60 years ago (1920-1930), with private industry being the vendor of improved varieties. Private industry had the necessary incentive to make major capital investments in variety development, with the development of hybrid com and potential control of the parental lines leading to proprietary products. The passage of the Plant Variety Protection Act of 1970 led to the extension of this profit incentive to all sexually propagated crops, except for 6 vegetables which have since been included.
Public and Private Plant Breeding of Horticultural Food Crops in Western Europe
Authors: Innes N. L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The well-being of plant breeding (1, 11, 14), and hence of agricultural and horticultural productivity, depends upon careful planning to make the maximum use of resources. This is as true for the individual plant breeder as it is for those political planners who control the relationship between public and private sector breeders, especially in relation to the respective roles of private and public plant breeders. The policies and experiences in different countries are helpful in pointing the way to a format that will be beneficial for all. I propose to describe the organization of public breeding programs for vegetables and fruit (but not ornamentals) in western Europe. Inevitably, most references will be made to the current situation in the United Kingdom, and to other countries where there is a strong and thriving plant breeding industry, indicating the relationship between public and private sectors in such countries.
An Interactive Microcomputer Program for Development and Calculation of a Plant Breeding Selection Index
Authors: Hellman E. W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A microcomputer program was written to enable the development and calculation of a selection index appropriate for the objectives of any plant breeding program. Other features of the computer program include the capability to accept numerical character rating scores and statistically analyzed objective measurements, estimate missing data, average multiple year data, and storage of breeding line data with output capability.
Effects of Differential Pine Vole Populations on Growth and Yield of ‘McIntosh’ Apple Trees
Authors: Forshey C. G. , Miller P. N. , Richmond M. E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Known populations (0, 269, 538, and 1075/ha) of pine voles (Microtus pinetorum LeConte) were maintained in wire mesh-enclosed blocks of ‘McIntosh’/M26 apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) for 2 years. There was little effect of the voles the 1st year, but the 2nd year the highest population was associated with the death of one tree; severe reductions in growth, yield, and fruit size; and a dramatic reduction in the value of the crop. Neither the low nor the medium population affected yield significantly, but there was a reduction in vegetative growth in the medium population plot in the 2nd year.
The Effects of Oryzalin Alone and in Combination with Diuron and Simazine on Young Peach Trees
Authors: Welker W. V. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Oryzalin (3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-dipropylsulfanilamide), simazine (2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine), and diuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-l,l-dimethylurea) alone and combinations of oryzalin plus simazine or diuron were applied annually for 4 years to young peach (Prunus persica L.) trees. The effectiveness of each herbicide decreased as years of use increased. Weed population shifts occurred with continuous use of the same herbicide. Herbicide combinations resulted in better weed control than did the monoherbicide treatments. Growth and yield were highly correlated with increased weed control.
Soil pH Rate for Fruit Yield and Elemental Concentration of Muscadine Grapes
Authors: Cummings George A. , Lilly Paul 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Muscadine grapes (Vitis rotundifolia Michx. ‘Carlos’) were established in 1972 with 5 soil pH levels, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, and 7.0. An annual N variable of 50 and 83 kg/ha was imposed in 1975. Yields from 1975-1983 were increased by N application and decreased at soil pH 5.0. By 1980, soil Ca and Mg concentrations were increased about 3-times between the lowest and highest pH treatments. With increased soil pH, foliar concentration of Mg, but not Ca, increased whereas K, N, and Mn decreased. Fruit size, soluble solids, acidity, and concentrations of P, Fe, Zn, Cu, and B in the foliage or fruit were not affected by treatments.
Influence of Paclobutrazol on Selected Growth and Chemical Characteristics of Young Pecan Seedlings
Authors: Wood Bruce W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Soil drench applications of paclobutrazol (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 mg a.i·pot-1) to greenhouse grown pecan seedlings reduced plant height, plant dry weight, organ dry weight, in ter node length, leaf thickness, leaf area, and chlorophyll content. Carbohydrate levels (mg·g dry weight-1 and mg·g plant-1) in treated plants increased. Total plant carbohydrate levels were unchanged at levels ≤ 2m g a.i.·pot-1, but plants of reduced size showed increased levels of carbohydrates per mg of tissue. Seedlings treated with high levels of paclobutrazol had a slight tendency for increased net photosynthesis.
Propagation of Jojoba by Single Node Cuttings
Authors: Won Lee Chi , Palzkill David A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Double eye (DE) and single eye (SE) nodal semihardwood cuttings of jojoba [Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider] treated with 2000 ppm indolebutyric acid were rooted successfully under intermittent mist in a mixture of 1 perlite : 1 vermiculite. Differences in rooting percentages between 5-node, single node DE, and single node SE cuttings were not significant. The root systems of 5-node cuttings were much larger than those of nodal cuttings, and DE cuttings produced significantly more roots than SE cuttings. Clonal differences for rooting capability were evident among 12 clones tested; percentage of rooting varied from 30 to 97 for DE cuttings and from 43 to 95 for SE cuttings. Significantly more cuttings rooted in the 1 perlite: 1 vermiculite rooting mix than in Oasis Root Cubes.
Temperature Effects on ‘Nellie White’ Flower Bud Development
Authors: Healy W. E. , Wilkins H. F. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Lilium longiflorum Thunb. ‘Nellie White’ flower buds developed from visible bud to open flower more rapidly at constant 27°C than at constant 15°. This increased growth rate was most pronounced when buds were less than 6 cm. Once buds were greater than 10 cm, the differences in rate of flower bud growth at 15° compare to 27° was insignificant. Bud development was biphasic, with a relatively slow growth rate up to 6 cm and then an accelerated rate from 6 cm to open flower. The fitted regression line for buds less than 6 cm was: days to flower (DTF) = 37.969 - 8.945 Ln [bud length (L)] — 0.453 [(Temperature (T)]; for buds greater than 6 cm: DTF = 33.258 — 2.039 (L) - 0.736 (T) + 0.044 (L x T). The correlation coefficients for the 2 equations were respectively: r = 0.82 (R2 = 0.67) and r = 0.93 (R2 = 0.87).
Rapid Propagation and Establishment of Florists’ Hydrangea
Authors: Bailey Douglas A. , Weiler Thomas C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Terminal cuttings of Hydrangea macrophylla Ser. ‘Rose Supreme’, ‘Merritt’s Supreme’, and ‘Sister Therese’ were treated with basal dips of 0, 5000, 10,000, or 20,000 mg/kg IBA-talc and allowed to root in 22°C sand under mist for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 weeks. Adequate root-system development required 4 weeks for ‘Sister Therese’ treated with 10,000 or 20,000 mg/kg IBA, and 5 weeks for ‘Merritt’s Supreme’ treated with 5000, 10,000, or 20,000 mg/kg IBA. After 5 weeks under mist, no cuttings of ‘Rose Supreme’ had developed an adequate root system. ‘Merritt’s Supreme’ hydrangeas were irradiated continuously with 0 or 84 ± 3 μmol -2s-1, supplemental photosynthetically-active radiation (PAR) supplied by high-pressure sodium vapor lamps, and were grown in an 18°-minimum-temperature greenhouse during the winter months. Plants receiving PAR concomitant with natural daylight developed 7 expanded leaf pairs after 9 weeks, whereas control plants required 12 weeks to reach the same stage. Plants receiving supplemental PAR were significantly taller, yet acquired less leaf and stem dry weight and less leaf area than did plants receiving natural daylight alone.
Rooting of Douglas-fir Stem Cuttings: Relative Activity of IBA and NAA
Authors: Proebsting W. M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The effects of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and indolebutyric acid (IBA) on rooting, root quality, and budbreak of Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] stem cuttings were studied. Between 1 and 100 him, NAA was more effective than IBA in stimulating rooting. Regression analysis indicated that the highest rooting response to NAA was centered on 7.4 mM, whereas 100 mM IBA, the highest concentration tested, was the most effective. NAA concentration significantly affected budbreak percentage. Root quality was weak, but not significantly affected by auxin concentration.
Evaluation of Some Indigenous Western Plants for Xeric Landscapes
Authors: Cox Robert A. , Klett James E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Forty-five indigenous Western plants, mostly herbaceous perennials, were transplanted into a field plot and evaluated for water requirements and landscape value. The majority of species showed no significant differences in growth between irrigated and nonirrigated treatments. Several species are suggested for use as ornamentals in dryland or low-maintenance situations.
Photoperiodic Response of Miniature Gladiolus Cultivars
Authors: Halevy Abraham H. , Kofranek Anton M. , Besemer Seward T. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Ten American cultivars of miniature gladiolus responded to photoperiod similarly to that of large-flowered gladiolus cultivars (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.). Long day (LD) generally delayed flowering time and enhanced stem elongation and the number of florets per spike. Response to LD was more apparent under greenhouse than field conditions. The 19th century cultivars of miniature gladiolus of G. colvillei and G. nanus hybrids generally were not sensitive to photoperiod and mostly did not respond to supplemental lighting.
Overview of the Genetics and Breeding of Husk Tomato
Authors: Quiros Carlos F. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In husk tomato, Physalis ixocarpa Brot., a wide range of self-incompatibility phenotypes was observed upon self-pollination. Self-incompatibility seems to be a polygenic trait of low heritability, affected by inbreeding depression and by environment. Organ coloration and leaf serration also were found to be polygenic traits. The chromosomes of this species are characterized by conspicuous heterochromatic knobs which would facilitate identification of each pair. Attempts to hybridize P. ixocarpa with P. floridiana L. and P. peruviana L. were unsuccessful. Propagation by cuttings is readily attainable in P. ixocarpa and might be useful for growing and intercrossing field selections in isolation plots.
Influence of Pollination Treatments on Fruit Set and Development in Parthenocarpic Tomato
Authors: Scott J. W. , George W. L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Flowers of 3 parthenocarpic tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) genotypes, ‘Severianin’ (pat-2), PSET-1 (pat-2) and RP 75/79, and one nonparthenocarpic genotype, ‘Tiny Tim’ (pat-2+), were given various pollination treatments in a greenhouse study: a) natural pollination, b) pollination with a hand vibrator, c) emasculation followed by pollination with mentor (heat-killed) pollen, d) emasculation only, e) removal of stigmas, and f) removal of the distil half of the anthers and styles. RP 75/59 had greater total fruit set than did the pat-2 genotypes. Treatments preventing pollination inhibited seed formation of all genotypes and inhibited fruit set of ‘Tiny Tim’. Mentor pollen did not increase parthenocarpic fruit set for any genotype. Vibration of the flowers completely inhibited parthenocarpic fruit set for all genotypes except PSET-1, which had 15.7% parthenocarpic fruit. No difference in fruit size or days to ripening for seeded vs. seedless fruit were evident for the pat-2 genotypes. Seeded fruit of RP 75/59 were larger than seedless fruit (34.2 g vs. 20.3 g), and also took longer to ripen (2.9 days).