bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A method to advance adolescent sexual health research: Automated algorithm finds sexual history documentation
Authors: Robertson Caryn , Mukherjee Gargi , Gooding Holly , Kandaswamy Swaminathan , Orenstein Evan 
Published: July 2022

Background:We aimed to develop and validate a rule-based Natural Language Processing (NLP) algorithm to detect sexual history documentation and its five key components [partners, practices, past history of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), protection from STIs, and prevention of pregnancy] among adolescent encounters in the pediatric emergency and inpatient settings.MethodsWe iteratively designed a NLP algorithm using pediatric emergency department (ED) provider notes from adolescent ED visits with specific abdominal or genitourinary (GU) chief complaints. The algorithm is composed of regular expressions identifying commonly used phrases in sexual history documentation. We validated this algorithm with inpatient admission notes for adolescents. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and F1 score of the tool in each environment using manual chart review as the gold standard.ResultsIn the ED test cohort with abdominal or GU complaints, 97/179 (54%) provider notes had a sexual history documented, and the NLP algorithm correctly classified each note. In the inpatient validation cohort, 97/321 (30%) admission notes included a sexual history, and the NLP algorithm had 100% sensitivity and 98.2% specificity. The algorithm demonstrated &gt;97% sensitivity and specificity in both settings for detection of elements of a high quality sexual history including protection used and contraception. Type of sexual practice and STI testing offered were also detected with &gt;97% sensitivity and specificity in the ED test cohort with slightly lower performance in the inpatient validation cohort.ConclusionThis NLP algorithm automatically detects the presence of sexual history documentation and its key components in ED and inpatient settings.
Experimental and analytical investigation on frost heave characteristics of coarse-grained soils under closed and open systems
Authors: Huang Wanjun , Mao Xuesong , Wu Qian , Zhao Shichen , Zhang Jianxun 
Published: July 2022

Coarse-grained soil is widely used in the seasonal frozen soil region as subgrade filler. However, substantial frost heave has been observed in coarse filler in high-speed railway embankments. To investigate the frost heave characteristics of the coarse-grained soil in a deep seasonal frozen soil zone, indoor tests were carried out under water supply and no water supply conditions. The effect of water, fineness, and temperature on frost heave behavior is studied experimentally. The relationship between the freezing rate and frost heave of coarse-grained soils was analyzed. The results show that the freezing process of the filler can be divided into the rapid cooling stage, phase transition stage, slow freezing stage, and freezing stability stage. In the closed system, the increase of the fine-grained soil does not affect the cooling process, while the moisture content significantly affects the whole process. In the opened system, both the fine-grained soil content and the ambient temperature affect the cooling process. When the ambient temperature decreased from −5°C to −15°C, the duration of the phase transition stage decreased by almost 17 h, whereas when the fine-grained soil content increased from 2.7 to 16%, the duration of the phase transition stage increased by only 5 h. In both opened and closed systems, the development of the frost heave is closely related to the cooling process. Approximately 95% of frost heave occurs during the phase transition stage and slow freezing stage. Frost heave develops most rapidly in the phase transition stage, with approximately 85% of the frost heave amount occurring in this stage.
Pottery Use and Starchy Foods During the Shuangdun Culture (ca.7.3–6.8 Ka BP) in the Middle Catchment of the Huai River, China
Authors: Li Weiya , Luo Wuhong , Yao Ling , Xuan Huali , Yi Wenwen , Tian Weixin , Zhang Dailing , Sun Yajie , Kan Xuhang , Zhang Juzhong 
Published: July 2022

The use of rice and millet has been uncovered at a few archaeological sites associated with the Shuangdun Culture (ca. 7.3–6.8 ka BP) in the middle catchment of the Huai River, China. Nevertheless, the consumption of rice, millet, and other types of plant foods at other contemporaneous sites in the same region still needs supporting information from more case studies. This article examines pottery sherds (n = 21) excavated from another representative Shuangdun Culture site at Houjiazhai with starch grain analysis. Varied types of pottery vessels contain starch remains from rice (Oryza sativa), foxtail millet (Setaria italica), broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum), Job’s tears (Coix lacryma-jobi), Triticeae, roots of snake gourd (Trichosanthes kirilowii), lotus root (Nelumbo nucifera), Chinese yam (Dioscorea panthainca), lily bulbs (Lilium sp.), acorns (Quercus sp.), and beans (Vigna sp. or/and Vicia sp.). Further quantitative analysis of the starch data indicates that cereals, including rice and millet, were predominantly consumed in the pottery vessels. Changes and continuities of culinary practices are also present at Houjiazhai, which are reflected in the different pottery assemblages as well as the utilized plant species in different occupation phases at the site. Combining previous studies, this article also reveals the differences and similarities of the past population in choosing their plant food resources during the period of Shuangdun Culture in the middle catchment of the Huai River, China.
NTCP Deficiency Affects the Levels of Circulating Bile Acids and Induces Osteoporosis
Authors: Yang Fangji , Xu Wenxiong , Wu Lina , Yang Luo , Zhu Shu , Wang Lu , Wu Wenbin , Zhang Yuzhen , Chong Yutian , Peng Liang 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe p.Ser267Phe mutation in the SLC10A1 gene can cause NTCP deficiency. However, the full clinical presentation of p.Ser267Phe homozygous individuals and its long-term consequences remain unclear. Hence, in the present study, we characterized the phenotypic characteristics of NTCP deficiency and evaluated its long-term prognosis.MethodsTen NTCP p.Ser267Phe homozygous individuals were recruited and a comprehensive medical evaluation with a 5-year follow-up observation was performed. The phenotypic characteristics of NTCP deficiency were also demonstrated using an NTCP-global knockout mouse model.ResultsDuring the 5-year follow-up observation of 10 NTCP p.Ser267Phe homozygous adults, we found that the most common phenotypic features of NTCP deficiency in adults were hypercholanemia, vitamin D deficiency, bone loss, and gallbladder abnormalities. The profile of bile acids (BAs) in the serum was significantly altered in these individuals and marked by both elevated proportion and concentration of primary and conjugated BAs. Moreover, the NTCP deficiency led to increased levels of serum BAs, decreased levels of vitamin D, and aggravated the osteoporotic phenotype induced by estrogen withdrawal in mice.ConclusionsBoth mice and humans with NTCP deficiency presented hypercholanemia and were more prone to vitamin D deficiency and aggravated osteoporotic phenotype. Therefore, we recommend monitoring the levels of BAs and vitamin D, bone density, and abdominal ultrasounds in individuals with NTCP deficiency.
New insights on hyperglycemia in 17-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency
Authors: Xu Lingling , Lu Lin , Tong Anli , Chen Shi , Li Wei , Zhang Huabing , Ping Fan , Li Yuxiu 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveThe adrenal glands of patients with 17-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency (17OHD) synthesize excessive 11-deoxycorticosterone(DOC) and progesterone, and produce less amount of sex steroid production. Mineralocorticoids and sex hormones play an important role in regulating glucose homeostasis. This study aimed to describe the glucose metabolism in 17OHD patients diagnosed at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH).Design/methodsA total of 69 patients diagnosed with 17OHD after adolescence in PUMCH from 1995 to June in 2021. Among them 23 patients underwent a 3-hours oral glucose tolerance test (3hOGTT) after being diagnosed with 17OHD. Insulin response in patients with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) were further compared between the study two groups with different kalemia status. Another 19 patients were followed up to 30 years and older. All clinical data were obtained from the hospital information system of PUMCH.ResultsBaseline: (1) The average body mass index(BMI) of all patients at baseline was 20.3 ± 3.7kg/m2. Twenty-three patients underwent 3hOGTT, of whom three were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, and one with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Positive correlation between the ratio of progesterone to upper limit of normal range (P times) and hyperglycaemia was exist(r=0.707, P=0.005). (2) In 19 NGT patients, the insulin concentrations at 0 minute, results of the homeostasis model assessment for β-cell function and insulin resistance were lower in the hypokalaemia group than in the normal kalemia group(7.0(5.8-13.2) vs 12.4(8.9-14.9) μIU/ml, P=0.017; 115.5(88.2-240.9) vs 253.1(177.2-305.8), P=0.048; 1.54(1.17-2.61) vs 2.47(1.91-2.98), P=0.022, respectively). Follow-up: Four patients had IGT, while seven patients had diabetes mellitus. Of the 19 patients,11 had hyperglycaemia. P times was significantly higher(7.6(5.0-11.0) vs 3.75(2.2-5.3), P=0.008) in hyperglycemia group than in the normal glucose group.ConclusionsAbnormal glucose metabolism was common in 17OHD patients, which was possibly associated with hypokalaemia and high progesterone levels. Routine monitoring on glucose metabolism in 17OHD patient should be conducted.
Clinical Features and Management of Suboptimal Ovarian Response During in vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer: Analysis Based on a Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yan Yizhi , Qu Ruomu , Ma Xiaodong , Qin Siyuan , Chen Lixue , Ni Xiaoxiao , Yang Rui , Wang Ying , Li Rong , Qiao Jie 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundBased on dynamic changes of indicators during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and of clinical outcomes of suboptimal ovarian response with different protocols, this study aimed to summarize the clinical characteristics of SOR and provide clinical recommendations.MethodsData of 125 patients with SOR and 125 controls who had undergone appropriate protocols for in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer were collected from a single medical center from January 2017 to January 2019. Basic clinical indexes, including age, BMI, antral-follicle count, infertility time, basic follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, LH/FSH ratio, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, androstenedione, prolactin, anti-Mullerian hormone, and thyroid stimulating hormone levels, were analyzed using T-test. Dynamic indexes during COH, including amount and days of gonadotropin, sex hormone levels, and number of large/medium/small follicles at specified time periods, were analyzed using T-test and joint diagnosis analysis with ROC curves. Indexes of laboratory and clinical indicators were analyzed using the chi-square test.ResultsFor the SOR group, BMI, duration time, and dosage of gonadotropin used for SOR were significantly higher. In the ultra-long/long group, ROC curve analysis showed that the LH/FSH ratio and BMI yielded cutoff values of 0.61 and 21.35 kg/m2, respectively. A combined diagnosis of the two indexes showed higher sensitivity (90%) and specificity (59%). In the GnRH-ant group, ROC curve analysis showed an LH level, an LH/FSH ratio on COH day 2, and BMI yielded cutoff values of 2.47 IU/L, 0.57, and 23.95 kg/m2, respectively. Combining the two indexes with BMI, both showed increased sensitivity (77%) and specificity (72% and 74%). The estradiol level and progesterone level during the late follicular stage in SOR patients were significantly lower than those in control patients for both protocol groups. At each monitoring time, delayed follicular development was observed. The live-birth rate in fresh cycles of the ultra-long/long group and the live-birth rate in cumulative cycles of the antagonist group in the SOR group were lower than those in the control group.ConclusionSOR had adverse effects on clinical outcome. We provide some threshold values of basic LH/FSH ratio, BMI, COH day 2 LH, counts of follicles, and levels of estradiol/progesterone to be taken as reference to assist the early recognition of SOR.
Correlates of Glycemic Control Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in Eastern Ethiopia: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Letta Shiferaw , Aga Fekadu , Yadeta Tesfaye Assebe , Geda Biftu , Dessie Yadeta 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionEven though optimal blood glucose control reduces the risk of diabetes-related complications, many patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) fail to achieve it for a variety of reasons. In the study area, there was a paucity of evidence regarding correlates of glycemic control. Therefore, this study aimed to find out the correlates of glycemic control among patients with T2D in Eastern Ethiopia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 879 adult patients with T2D on follow-up at two public hospitals in Harar. Data were collected through interviews, physical measurements, and record reviews. The level of glycemic control was determined from three consecutive fasting plasma glucose (FPG) measurements. A mean value of FPG measurements falling in the normal range (80–130 mg/dl) was considered as optimal glycemic control; otherwise, a mean FPG level that is below or above the normal range (&lt;80 mg/dl or &gt;130 mg/dl) was defined as suboptimal glycemic control. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, while a linear regression model was used to find out the correlates of glycemic control. A beta coefficient and a 95% CI reported associations. The statistical significance was declared at a p-value ≤0.05.ResultsThe mean age of the patients with T2D was 52.7 ( ± 13.3) years. The mean FPG level was 172 ± 56 mg/dl. Suboptimal glycemic control was found in 76% (95% CI: 73.41, 79.04) of patients with T2D. In a multivariable linear regression, khat chewing (β = 6.12; 95% CI: 1.55, 8.69), triglycerides (β = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.41.48, 0.65), comorbidity (β = 5.29; 95% CI: 1.39, 9.13), and poor level of self-care practices (β = 5.43; 95% CI: 1.41, 6.46) showed a significant correlation with glycemic control.ConclusionsThis study found that about three-fourths of patients with T2D had suboptimal glycemic control. Khat chewing, comorbidity, and poor level of self-care practices were independently correlated with glycemic control. Thus, suppressing glycemic levels through appropriate treatment and strict diabetes self-care practices including avoidance of Khat chewing is a useful approach to attaining glycemic target that subsequently reduces cardiovascular risks.
A Risk Stratification Model for Metastatic Lymph Nodes of Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Retrospective Study Based on Sonographic Features
Authors: Ni Xiaofeng , Xu Shangyan , Zhan Weiwei , Zhou Wei 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundPapillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has a high probability of cervical lymph node (LN) metastasis. The aim of the study was to develop an ultrasound risk stratification model to standardize the diagnosis of metastatic LNs of PTC.MethodsPatients with suspicious thyroid nodules who underwent US examination and US guided fine-needle aspiration for cervical LNs were retrospectively collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the independent risk factor of metastatic LNs. According to the OR value of correlated indicators in logistic regression analysis, a risk stratification model was established.ResultsA total of 653 LNs were included. The independent risk factors of metastatic LNs were long-axis diameter/short-axis ≤ 2 (OR=1.644), absence of hilum (OR=1.894), hyperechogenicity (OR=5.375), calcifications (OR=6.201), cystic change (OR=71.818), and abnormal flow (OR=3.811) (P&lt;0.05 for all). The risk stratification model and malignancy rate were as follows: 0-2 points, malignancy rate of 10.61%, low suspicion; 3-5 points, malignancy rate of 50.49%, intermediate suspicion, ≥6 points, malignancy rate of 84.81%, high suspicion. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the model was 0.827 (95% CI 0.795-0.859).ConclusionsOur established risk stratification model can effectively evaluate metastatic LNs in the patients with suspicious thyroid nodules, and it might provide a new strategy choice for clinical practice.
Impacts of Triglyceride Glucose-Waist to Height Ratio on Diabetes Incidence: A Secondary Analysis of A Population-Based Longitudinal Data
Authors: Xuan Wenting , Liu Dixing , Zhong Jiana , Luo Huijin , Zhang Xiuwei 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe anthropometric indices (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC] and waist-to-height ratio [WHtR]), triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and TyG-related indicators (TyG-WHtR, TyG-BMI, TyG-WC) have been well documented to be highly correlated with insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, it was not immediately obvious which indicator would be optimal for screening people at risk of T2DM. Hence, this study intended to compare the predictive effects of the aforementioned markers on T2DM and to investigate the relation between baseline TyG-WHtR and incident T2DM.MethodsThis longitudinal study included 15464 study population who were involved in the NAGALA (NAfld in the Gifu Area Longitudinal Analysis) study from 2004 to 2015. The TyG index was defined as ln [FPG (mg/dL) ×fasting TG (mg/dL)/2]. And the TyG-WHtR was calculated as TyG index ×WHtR. We divided the participants into four groups according to the TyG-WHtR quartiles. The primary endpoint was the incidence of diabetes.ResultsAfter a median follow-up of 5.4 years, 2.4% (373/15464) participants developed diabetes. The incidence of diabetes increased with ascending TyG-WHtR quartiles (P for trend&lt;0.001). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that a one-unit increase in TyG-WHtR was independently correlated with a 2.714-fold higher risk of diabetes [hazard ratio (HR) 2.714, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.942-3.793; P&lt;0.001). Stratification analysis revealed that increased TyG-WHtR (per 1-unit) was consistently correlated with diabetes incidence in different subgroups. Moreover, TyG-WHtR outperformed the other parameters by presenting the biggest area under the ROC curve (AUC) in men (AUC 0.746, 95% CI 0.716-0.776, P&lt;0.001). However, all pairwise comparisons of AUC between TyG-WHtR and other indicators were not statistically different except TyG-WHtR vs. WHtR in women.ConclusionsA high TyG-WHtR is an important predictor of the increased cumulative risk of diabetes development. TyG-WHtR outperforms TyG, WHtR, TyG-WC and TyG-BMI in screening individuals who are susceptible to T2DM, especially in men.
Integrated Bioinformatic Analysis of the Shared Molecular Mechanisms Between Osteoporosis and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Mo Liang , Ma Chao , Wang Zhangzheng , Li Jianxiong , He Wei , Niu Wei , Chen Zhengqiu , Zhou Chi , Liu Yuhao 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundOsteoporosis and atherosclerosis are common in the elderly population, conferring a heavy worldwide burden. Evidence links osteoporosis and atherosclerosis but the exact underlying common mechanism of its occurrence is unclear. The purpose of this study is to further explore the molecular mechanism between osteoporosis and atherosclerosis through integrated bioinformatic analysis.MethodsThe microarray data of osteoporosis and atherosclerosis in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were downloaded. The Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis were used to identify the co-expression genes related to osteoporosis and atherosclerosis. In addition, the common gene targets of osteoporosis and atherosclerosis were analyzed and screened through three public databases (CTD, DISEASES, and GeneCards). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed by Metascape. Then, the common microRNAs (miRNAs) in osteoporosis and atherosclerosis were screened out from the Human microRNA Disease Database (HMDD) and the target genes of whom were predicted through the miRTarbase. Finally, the common miRNAs–genes network was constructed by Cytoscape software.ResultsThe results of common genes analysis showed that immune and inflammatory response may be a common feature in the pathophysiology of osteoporosis and atherosclerosis. Six hub genes (namely, COL1A1, IBSP, CTSD, RAC2, MAF, and THBS1) were obtained via taking interaction of different analysis results. The miRNAs–genes network showed that has-let-7g might play an important role in the common mechanisms between osteoporosis and atherosclerosis.ConclusionThis study provides new sights into shared molecular mechanisms between osteoporosis and atherosclerosis. These common pathways and hub genes may offer promising clues for further experimental studies.
Factors in the occurrence and restoration of hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer patients with intraoperative parathyroid autotransplantation
Authors: Lu Dengwei , Tang Enjie , Yin Supeng , Zhu Junping , Mo Hongbiao , Yi Ziying , Chai Fan , Sun Yizeng , Li Yao , Yin Tingjie , Yang Zeyu , Zhang Fan 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionPostoperative hypoparathyroidism (POH) is the most common and important complication for thyroid cancer patients who undergo total thyroidectomy. Intraoperative parathyroid autotransplantation has been demonstrated to be essential in maintaining functional parathyroid tissue, and it has clinical significance in identifying essential factors of serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels for patients with parathyroid autotransplantation. This retrospective cohort study aimed to comprehensively investigate influential factors in the occurrence and restoration of POH for patients who underwent total thyroidectomy with intraoperative parathyroid autotransplantation (TTIPA).MethodThis study was conducted in a tertiary referral hospital, with a total of 525 patients who underwent TTIPA. The postoperative serum PTH levels were collected after six months, and demographic characteristics, clinical features and associated operative information were analyzed.ResultsA total of 66.48% (349/525) of patients who underwent TTIPA were diagnosed with POH. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (OR=1.93, 95% CI: 1.09-3.42), P=0.024), the number of transplanted parathyroid glands (OR=2.70, 95% CI: 1.91-3.83, P&lt;0.001) and postoperative blood glucose levels (OR=1.36, 95% CI: 1.06-1.74, P=0.016) were risk factors for POH, and endoscopic surgery (OR=0.39, 95% CI: 0.22-0.68, P=0.001) was a protective factor for POH. Multivariate Cox regression indicated that PTG autotransplantation patients with same-side central lymph node dissection (CLND) (HR=0.50; 95% CI: 0.34-0.73, P&lt;0.001) demonstrated a longer time for increases PTH, and female patients (HR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.00-1.81, P=0.047) were more prone to PTH increases. Additionally, PTG autotransplantation with same-side CLND (HR=0.56, 95% CI: 0.38-0.82, P=0.003) patients had a longer time to PTH restoration, and patients with endoscopic surgery (HR=1.54, 95% CI: 1.04-2.28, P=0.029) were more likely to recover within six months.ConclusionHigh postoperative fasting blood glucose levels, a large number of transplanted PTGs, open surgery and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis are risk factors for postoperative POH in TTIPA patients. Elevated PTH levels occur earlier in female patients and patients without CLND on the transplant side. PTH returns to normal earlier in patients without CLND and endoscopic surgery on the transplant side.