bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teaching rotary root canal instrumentation using a Peyton teaching approach
Authors: Sturm Richard , Reeb Alexander , Wolf‐Yamamura Olivia , Neumann Konrad , Shemesh Hagay , Bitter Kerstin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of the study was two evaluate the effectiveness of a Peyton teaching approach for rotary root canal instrumentation, in comparison to the traditional “see one–do one” method.Material and MethodsForty undergraduate students were randomly divided into two groups (n = 20). Students of the first group (G1) were taught how to use rotary instrumentation using a modified Peyton method, whilst the second group (G2) watched a teaching video (30 min) on the same subject. Both groups instrumented a plastic block and subsequently both mesial canals of an extracted lower molar. The quality of the root canal instrumentation was analysed by 2 blinded observers on video recordings and x‐rays.ResultsInterobserver correlation was 0.917 (p < .0005; Pearson) for the assessment of the video recordings; students of G1 received significantly more total points (83.55 ± 6.82 points) compared to G2 (69.76 ± 13.82) (p = .001; t‐test), the gender had no significant effect on the overall results (p = .444; two‐way ANOVA). Significant differences were detected for the categories “initial scouting,” “coronal enlargement,” “glide path preparation,” “preparation using X2 file,” “preparation using X3 file” (p < .05; t‐test) as well as for the subcategories “sequence of rinse, recapitulation, rinse” (p = .001; t‐test) and “recapitulation” (p < .002; t‐test). No differences between groups were observed for the radiographic evaluation with respect to working length and canal straightening.ConclusionTeaching rotary instrumentation by using the Peyton approach resulted in improved performance of undergraduate students assessed with a checklist‐based process analysis. Enhanced implementation of rotary instrumentation could result in better long‐term results of students' root canal treatment.
Close bonds and social rank similarities favor non‐random mating in captive stump‐tailed macaques (Macaca arctoides)
Authors: Ricardo Mondragón‐Ceballos , Jaqueline Lugo‐Ferrer , Dafne García‐Granados Mónica , Hernández Leonor 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAssortative mating is non‐random mating by the mutual choice of phenotypes or behavioral types. In polygynandrous species, competition for mating by social rank can lead to assortative mating. However, although not an individual trait, social bonds also influence mating opportunities resembling assortative mating. Stump‐tailed macaques form long‐term close bonds and organize in a linear dominance–subordination hierarchy. Therefore, we studied whether the strength of the social bond and rank closeness influenced mating decisions and increased mating opportunities, particularly for low‐ and middle‐ranking animals. Firstly, we observed whether females directed proceptive behavior to close‐bonded or adjacent rank males. Secondly, we measured whether successful copulations were related to the strength of social bonds and close ranking. Thirdly, to ensure that copulations owed mainly to the aforementioned factors, we also evaluated whether sexual coercion was unrelated to social bonds and rank similarities. Finally, we assessed whether close bonds mediated agonistic support to females. The study subjects were 12 adult female and 11 male captive stump‐tailed macaques. We monitored daily females' reproductive status by vaginal cytology. Sexual behavior was recorded by all occurrences sampling and scan sampling to collect the agonistic and affiliative instances required to calculate social ranks, social bond strength, and agonistic support. The results indicated that the probability of females displaying proceptivity increased during the follicular phase toward close‐bonded and high‐ranking males. Copulation chances increased with male–female social bonds and rank closeness. Forced copulation decreased in close‐bonded individuals, while agonistic support increased in close‐ranking strong‐bonded animals. In conclusion, close social bonds and similar social rank result in non‐random mating in stump‐tailed macaques.
Hydroquinone‐induced skin irritant reaction could be achieved by activating mast cells via mas‐related G protein–coupled receptor X2
Authors: Zheng Yi , Du Xueshan , Zhang Lei , Jia Tao , Zhang Huan , Peng Bin , Hao Yong , Tong Zhou , Che Delu , Geng Songmei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHydroquinone (HQ) is one of the most effective drugs to treat hyperpigmentary disorders, but often causes skin irritation in clinic. Mast cell plays an important role in contact dermatitis and triggering pseudo‐allergic reactions via MRGPRX2. Whether HQ‐induced skin irritant reaction through activating mast cells via MRGPRX2 remains unknown. To investigate the role of mast cells in HQ‐induced skin irritant reaction and verify whether MRGPRX2 participated in the HQ effect on mast cells which contributed to the pathogenesis of skin irritant reaction, a mouse model of HQ‐induced skin irritation was established to observe the local and systemic inflammation associated with mast cell receptor MrgprB2. Human mast cell LAD2 was used to verify the effect of HQ on mast cells via MRGPRX2 by knocking down with siRNA. As a result, mast cells were involved in the development of HQ‐induced irritant reaction, and local inflammation is closely related to mast cell receptor MrgprB2. HQ could activate mast cells via MRGPRX2, causing changes in calcium concentration, degranulation and release of inflammatory cytokines which lead to skin irritant reaction. In conclusion, HQ‐induced skin irritant reaction could be skin pseudo‐allergic reactions achieved by activating mast cells via MRGPRX2.
Medical image enhancement strategy based on morphologically processing of residuals using a special kernel
Authors: Lepcha Dawa Chyophel , Goyal Bhawna , Dogra Ayush , Wang Shui‐Hua , Chohan Jasgurpreet Singh 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMedical imaging is playing a pivotal role in the domain of medical diagnosis. But the major problems related to medical images is that most of the images (of different modalities) are suffered from noise and other quality‐related problems such as poor contrast, blurring, and difficulties in extracting appropriate information. Therefore, it is necessary to construct some techniques that could improve medical images in such a way that it will be ideal for diagnostic applications. Medical image enhancement is the process of increasing the contrast quality of intensity variations and improves the visual representation of medical images. To provide suitable interpretation and clearer image for the observers with reduced noise levels, this article proposes a novel competent medical image enhancement method based on morphologically processing of residuals using a special kernel. First, it combines linear low pass filtering with nonlinear technique that allows for selection of essential regions where edges will get well preserved. The selection of those regions is based on morphological processing of linear filter residuals and then aims to find significant regions specified by edges of high amplitude and appropriate size. The reconstructed regions are combined with the output of low pass filtering to recovers the original shape of edges. In addition, the method allows to control the contrast to avoid blurring while preserving significant image information. In the end, a special kernel is convolved with an image to obtain the sharper image. Experiments on the different types of medical images are performed and the results are compared using different standard evaluation metrics. The quantitative results obtained through proposed method for all the metrics are optimal compared to other competing methods. It is observed that the results on various test images affirm that the proposed method generates excellent image visual quality and significantly enhances the contrast of all images which helps with better diagnosis and treatment.
Energy storage performance of SrSc0.5Nb0.5O3 modified (Bi,Na)TiO3‐based ceramic under low electric fields
Authors: Dai Zhonghua , Wang Shengbin , Liu Yong , Zhang Fanbo , Liu Weiguo , Zhao Xin , Ding Xiangdong , Fang Minxia , Ren Xiaobing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDielectric ceramics with a high recoverable energy density (Wrec) and high efficiency are desirable for the development of pulsed power capacitors under low electric fields. In this study, through the introduction of SrSc0.5Nb0.5O3 into (Bi0.5Na0.5Ti0.95Al0.025Nb0.025O3) [(1‐x)BNTA‐xSSN], a considerable recoverable energy storage density (Wrec) of approximately 2.7 J/cm3 and energy storage efficiency (η) of approximately 76 % at 210 kV/cm are achieved at x = .1; additionally, η is further improved to 85 % at x = .2. Moreover, η and Wrec of .9BNTA‐.1SSN exhibit outstanding stability (thermal and frequency stability) at 150 kV/cm, which is superior to that of other lead‐free ceramics. The excellent energy storage performance is attributed to the increased relaxation degree and the formation of ferroelectric nanodomains, whereas the enhanced Eb is ascribed to the increased electrical resistivity and decreased grain size upon modification. These results indicate the potential of (1‐x)BNTA‐xSSN as an ideal candidate for energy‐storage applications.
Cerium fluoride nanoparticles as a theranostic material for optical imaging of vulnerable atherosclerosis plaques
Authors: Cheng Yuan , Xu Huanhuan , Cao Wenhua , Gao Wen , Tang Bo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAtherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic progressive vascular disease, which can bring on a threat against the health. The eruption of unstable arteriosclerosis plaques has been linked to heart attacks and strokes. The accumulation of foamy macrophages initiates and evolves atherosclerotic plaques, which can be a good target for identifying vulnerable plaques. CD36 and OPN overexpress in foamy macrophages surface, which have a preferable relation with plaque disruption. Furthermore, we choose Yb ions and Tm ions as doping ions and Ce fluoride as matrix of luminescent materials and prepare upconversion luminescent nanoparticles. With the modification of CD36 antibody and OPN antibody, this material can target macrophages in arteriosclerosis plaques. As‐prepared nanoparticles (CeF3:Yb,Tm@SiO2–CD36/OPN) can be excited by near‐infrared light with deep tissue penetration, while emitting strong blue light to image arteriosclerosis plaques. In brief, this study provides a new upconversion luminescent material for the identification and detection of vulnerable atherosclerosis plaques.
Cluster analysis reveals distinct patterns of saccade impairment and their relation to cognitive profiles in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Waldthaler Josefine , Stock Lena , Krüger‐Zechlin Charlotte , Deeb Zain , Timmermann Lars 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSaccade performance has been reported to be altered in Parkinson's disease (PD), however, with a large variability between studies as both motor and cognitive impairment interfere with oculomotor control. The aim of this study was to identify different patterns in saccade alterations in PD using a data‐driven approach and to explore their relationship with cognitive phenotypes. Sixty‐one participants with PD and 25 controls performed eye‐tracking (horizontal and vertical prosaccades, antisaccades) and neuropsychological testing. Hierarchical cluster analysis was applied to the eye‐tracking data to subsequently compare the clusters based on demographical, clinical and cognitive characteristics. The three identified clusters of saccade alterations differed in cognitive profiles from healthy controls, but not in PD‐related motor symptoms or demographics. The rate of directive errors in the antisaccade task was increased in clusters 1 and 2. Further, cluster 1 was defined by a general disinhibition of reflexive saccades and executive dysfunction in the neuropsychological evaluation. In cluster 2, prolonged saccade latencies and hypometria were accompanied by multidomain cognitive impairment. The cluster 3 showed increased antisaccade latency and vertical hypometria despite lack of evidence for cognitive impairment. Our results suggest that there may be at least two opposing patterns of saccade alterations associated with cognitive impairment in PD, which may explain some of the contradictory results of previous studies.
A mixed blessing? State mindfulness change, ego depletion and counterproductive work behaviour
Authors: Zheng Xiaoming , Ni Dan , Liu Xin , Zhang Mengyi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA growing body of research has documented the negative relationship between mindfulness and ego depletion. However, most of this research has taken a static view while ignoring the effects of mindfulness temporal changes at work. Thus, it is unclear whether the relationship between mindfulness change and ego depletion is still negative when this factor is added into the mix. To address this issue, we examine mindfulness change at the within‐person level (mindfulness shift) and the between‐person level (mindfulness variability) and explore their distinctive impacts on ego depletion and subsequently on counterproductive work behaviour (CWB). Drawing on ego depletion theory and mindfulness research, we propose that an upshift in mindfulness is negatively related to employee ego depletion and CWB at the within‐person level, whereas high chronic mindfulness variability is positively related to employee ego depletion and CWB at the between‐person level. To test our hypotheses, we used an experience sampling methodology to collect three‐wave data within a day from 166 employees over 10 consecutive workdays. At the within‐person level, we observed a negative and indirect effect of an upshift in daily mindfulness on daily CWB via daily ego depletion. At the between‐person level, we found a positive and indirect effect of chronic mindfulness variability on chronic CWB via chronic ego depletion.
Retraining programme for older patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Leung Wai Yin , Ng Marques S. N. , Hau Anthony K. C. , So Winnie K. W. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeritonitis is a common cause of hospitalisation and death among patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Periodic retraining is recommended to prevent peritonitis, especially in older adults.ObjectivesWe evaluated the effectiveness of a retraining programme for reducing peritonitis and exit site infection rates in older adults on peritoneal dialysis. The cost–benefit ratio was also calculated.DesignA two‐arm prospective randomised controlled trial.ParticipantsOne hundred and thirty patients aged 55 years or older were recruited. Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. While both groups received usual care, the intervention group received a retraining programme (a knowledge and practical assessment and a one‐on‐one retraining session) 90 days after starting home‐based continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis therapy.MeasurementsThe outcomes included peritonitis rate, exit site infection rate and direct medical costs at 180, 270, and 360 days after starting home‐based continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis therapy.ResultsNo significant differences were found in the baseline characteristics between groups. The peritonitis rates were 0.11 episodes per patient‐year in the intervention group versus 0.13 in the control group. The incidence of exit site infection was 20.0% in the intervention group and 12.3% in the control group. The cost–benefit ratio of retraining was 1:9.6. None of the results were statistically significant.ConclusionsThe absence of statistical significance may be partly explained by the premature termination of the study. Large‐scale multi‐centre trials are warranted to examine the effectiveness of retraining. The timing and long‐term effects of retraining also need to be examined.
Live music during haemodialysis: A multiple methods randomised controlled pilot study
Authors: Bro Margrethe Langer , Finderup Jeanette , Smilde Rineke , Dreyer Pia , Gram Bibi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundFatigue is an immense problem among patients undergoing haemodialysis and is associated with anxiety and depression. Live music used in different hospital settings has shown promising effects, but the feasibility and potential effectiveness of live music during haemodialysis are unknown.ObjectivesTo evaluate the feasibility, the participants' musical experience and potential effectiveness of live music on patients’ levels of fatigue, relaxation, anxiety, depression, treatment satisfaction and work engagement among nurses.DesignA pilot randomised controlled trial evaluated with a multiple methods design.ParticipantsTwo clusters of 12 patients were each randomised to receive either 30 min of live music once a week during haemodialysis or usual care over a period of 6 weeks.MeasurementsThe primary outcome was patients' immediate fatigue. Other outcomes were patients' long‐term and post‐dialysis fatigue, relaxation, anxiety, depression, treatment satisfaction and work engagement among nurses. Observations and semi‐structured interviews with patients, nurses and musicians were conducted to gain an in‐depth understanding of the musical experience as well as feasibility.ResultsThe study was feasible and detected significant differences on immediate fatigue (p < 0.001) and anxiety (p < 0.012) in the intervention group compared to controls. Among 17 nurses, a significant difference was found in Dedication (p < 0.024). Furthermore, live music gave patients an uplifting experience, bringing joy and relaxation and the nurses experienced a sense of quietness in a stressful day.ConclusionsProviding live music performed by professional musicians in a haemodialysis setting is feasible and showed a significant effect on immediate fatigue and anxiety compared to controls.
Application of nursing presence to family‐centered care: Supporting nursing practice in pediatric oncology
Authors: Mcharo Solomon K. , Spurr Shelley , Bally Jill , Peacock Shelley , Holtslander Lorraine , Walker Keith 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurposeIn pediatric care settings, family‐centered care (FCC) is an integral way to ensure family involvement in their child's care and has been known to improve health outcomes and families' psychosocial well‐being. Similarly, nursing presence is deemed beneficial in the formation of authentic nurse–patient relationships and is known to facilitate healing and improve satisfaction for the patient and their family. The objective of this article is to explore how nursing presence supports FCC by closely examining the four concepts of FCC as described by Institute for Patient‐ and Family‐Centered Care: dignity and respect, information sharing, participation, and collaboration. A case study is also presented to demonstrate how nursing presence can be applied in FCC, when caring for a pediatric oncology patient.ConclusionNursing presence is essential in FCC since it plays a key role in the formation of relationships, a fundamental element in the four concepts. Attributes of nursing presence can be interwoven in the FCC framework and have positive clinical, social, and emotional outcomes for the patient and family. Although literature has explored associations between FCC and nursing presence, there is need for more scientific research to justify this argument to support the improvement of quality of family nursing care and strengthen the FCC model.Practice ImplicationsThe four concepts of FCC lay a foundation for a model of care that can be enhanced by nursing presence, potentially providing a remedy for depersonalization of healthcare by improving nurse patient relationships in pediatric care settings. Nursing presence becomes less ambiguous when enacted in a FCC framework, revealing attributes that may be cultivated in family nursing to improve therapeutic relationships among nurses and family caregivers.
The role of serum sphingolipids as potential biomarkers of non‐response to direct acting antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Röhrig Aissa Miriam , Jakobi Katja , Dietz Julia , Thomas Dominique , Herrmann Eva , Welsch Christoph , Sarrazin Christoph , Pfeilschifter Josef , Zeuzem Stefan , Grammatikos Georgios 
Published: December 2022

AbstractElimination strategies of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection aim to optimize the high antiviral potency of direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs). Sphingolipids (SLs) constitute bioactive lipid compounds with a remarkable second messenger potential. SL levels associate with responsiveness to interferon treatment in HCV‐patients, thus prompting the question whether failure to DAAs can be predicted by the serologic sphingolipidomic profile. Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) was used to retrospectively quantify various sphingolipid metabolites in baseline serum samples of 97 chronic HCV patients with DAA failure compared with an age‐matched cohort of 95 HCV‐patients with sustained virological response (SVR). Sphingosine, sphinganine, sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) and sphinganine‐1‐phosphate (SA1P) serum concentrations were significantly upregulated at baseline in patients with DAA failure compared to patients with SVR. Similarly, GluC24:1Cer baseline levels were significantly upregulated in patients with DAA failure compared to the patients with SVR. However, GluC18Cer serum levels showed decreased baseline levels for patients with DAA failure compared to patients with SVR. In multivariate analysis sphinganine (OR 0.08494, CI 0.07393–0.9759, p = .021223), SA1P (OR 0.9818, CI 0.9653–0.9987, p = .034801), GluCerC18 (OR 1.0683, CI 1.0297–1.1104, p = .000786) and GluCer24:1 (OR 0.9961, CI 0.994–0.998, p = .000294) constituted independent predictors of treatment response. In conclusion, serum sphingolipid concentrations, in particular sphingosine, sphinganine and their derivatives S1P and SA1P as well as glucosylceramides may identify at baseline the minority of HCV patients with DAA failure. Serum sphingolipids could constitute additional biomarkers for national treatment strategies aiming to eliminate HCV infection.