bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Runs of homozygosity in Sable Island feral horses reveal the genomic consequences of inbreeding and divergence from domestic breeds
Authors: Colpitts Julie , McLoughlin Philip Dunstan , Poissant Jocelyn 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Understanding inbreeding and its impact on fitness and evolutionary potential is fundamental to species conservation and agriculture. Long stretches of homozygous genotypes, known as runs of homozygosity (ROH), result from inbreeding and their number and length can provide useful population-level information on inbreeding characteristics and locations of signatures of selection. However, the utility of ROH for conservation is limited for natural populations where baseline data and genomic tools are lacking. Comparing ROH metrics in recently feral vs. domestic populations of well understood species like the horse could provide information on the genetic health of those populations and offer insight into how such metrics compare between managed and unmanaged populations. Here we characterized ROH, inbreeding coefficients, and ROH islands in a feral horse population from Sable Island, Canada, using ~41 000 SNPs and contrasted results with those from 33 domestic breeds to assess the impacts of isolation on ROH abundance, length, distribution, and ROH islands.

Results
ROH number, length, and ROH-based inbreeding coefficients (FROH) in Sable Island horses were generally greater than in domestic breeds. Short runs, which typically coalesce many generations prior, were more abundant than long runs in all populations, but run length distributions indicated more recent population bottlenecks in Sable Island horses. Nine ROH islands were detected in Sable Island horses, exhibiting very little overlap with those found in domestic breeds. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis for Sable Island ROH islands revealed enrichment for genes associated with 3 clusters of biological pathways largely associated with metabolism and immune function.

Conclusions
This study indicates that Sable Island horses tend to be more inbred than their domestic counterparts and that most of this inbreeding is due to historical bottlenecks and founder effects rather than recent mating between close relatives. Unique ROH islands in the Sable Island population suggest adaptation to local selective pressures and/or strong genetic drift and highlight the value of this population as a reservoir of equine genetic variation. This research illustrates how ROH analyses can be applied to gain insights into the population history, genetic health, and divergence of wild or feral populations of conservation concern.
Transcriptomic comparison sheds new light on regulatory networks for dimorphic flower development in response to photoperiod in Viola prionantha
Authors: Li Qiaoxia , Li Kunpeng , Zhang Zhengrong , Li Jigang , Wang Bo , Zhang Zuoming , Zhu Yuanyuan , Pan Chaochao , Sun Kun , He Chaoying 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Chasmogamous (CH)–cleistogamous (CL) dimorphic flowers are developed in Viola prionantha. However, the environmental and genetic factors necessary for the CH–CL transition are unknown.

Results
In the present work, short-day (SD) conditions induced CH flowers, whereas long days (LDs) triggered CL flowers in V. prionantha. Compared to fully developed CH flowers, CL flowers had less mature stamens, no nectar glands, and immature petals. Comparative transcriptomics revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during CL and CH development. Core genes in the photoperiod pathway, such as V. prionantha orthologs of GIGANTEA (GI), CONSTANS (CO), and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1), which promote floral induction, were highly expressed in CL flowers, whereas UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS (UFO) and B-class MADS-box genes for floral organ identity and development showed an opposite alteration. Moreover, genes in the glycolytic process, sucrose metabolic process, and fatty acid biosynthetic process were all highly expressed in CH flowers. Interestingly, V. prionantha orthologs of the B-class MADS-box genes APETALA3 (AP3) and PISTILLATA (PI) might relate to these sugar–fatty acid processes and were co-expressed with GAIP-B-like and YABBY5 (YAB5), which regulate the development of the petal, stamen, and nectary. Compared to CH flowers, DEGs and hub genes in the most significantly correlated modules of the gene co-expression network, which are involved in abiotic and biotic responses, were upregulated in CL flowers.

Conclusions
We proposed an integrative model for transcription regulation of genes in the photoperiod pathway, floral organ development, stress response, and sugar–fatty acid processes to determine CH–CL flower development in V. prionantha. Particularly, under LDs, activated GI may induce genes involved in the stress-response pathways, and then downregulated AP3 and PI or UFO to inhibit the sugar–fatty acid metabolic processes, together forming CL flowers. In contrast, CH flowers were produced under SDs. This work provides novel insights into the developmental evolution of dimorphic flowers in Viola.
Effectiveness of intraoperative cell salvage combined with a modified leucocyte depletion filter in metastatic spine tumour surgery
Authors: Zong Ya-nan , Xu Chuan-ya , Gong Yue-qing , Zhang Xiao-qing , Zeng Hong , Liu Chang , Zhang Bin , Xue Li-xiang , Guo Xiang-yang , Wei Feng , Li Yi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
To compare the effectiveness of intraoperative cell salvage (IOCS) combined with a modified leucocyte depletion filter (MLDF) with IOCS combined with a regular leucocyte depletion filter (RLDF) in eliminating tumour cells from blood salvage during metastatic spine tumour surgery (MSTS).

Methods
Patients with a known primary epithelial tumour who underwent MSTS were recruited for this study. Blood samples were collected in 5 stages: from the patients’ vein before anaesthesia induction (S1), from the operative field at the time of maximum tumour manipulation (S2), and from the operative blood after IOCS processing (S3) and after IOCS+RLDF (S4) and IOCS+MLDF (S5) processing. The polyploids of tumour cells in the blood samples were collected and counted with immunomagnetic separation enrichment and fluorescence in situ hybridization.

Results
We recruited 20 patients. Tumour cells were detected in 14 patients (70%) in S1, 16 patients (80%) in S2, 13 patients (65%) in S3, and 12 patients (60%) in S4. MLDF was added in 8 patients. Tumour cells were detected in only 1 of 8 patients in S5 (12.5%). There were significantly fewer tumour cells in the samples collected after MLDF processing (S5) than in the samples collected after RLDF (S4) and around the tumour (S2) (P = 0.016 and P = 0.039, respectively). Although no significant difference was observed between S4 and S1, a downward trend was observed after IOCS+RLDF processing.

Conclusions
Tumour cells could be removed by IOCS combined with RLDF from blood salvaged during MSTS, but residual tumour cells remained. The findings support the notion that MLDF eliminates tumour cells more effectively than RLDF. Hence, this technique can be applied to MSTS.

Trial registration
ChiCTR1800016162 Chinese Clinical Trial Registry.
Effect of sigh in lateral position on postoperative atelectasis in adults assessed by lung ultrasound: a randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Li Caifeng , Ren Qian , Li Xin , Han Hongqiu , Peng Min , Xie Keliang , Wang Zhiqiang , Wang Guolin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Postoperative atelectasis occurs in 90% of patients receiving general anesthesia. Recruitment maneuvers (RMs) are not always effective and frequently associated with barotrauma and hemodynamic instability. It is reported that many natural physiological behaviors interrupted under general anesthesia could prevent atelectasis and restore lung aeration. This study aimed to find out whether a combined physiological recruitment maneuver (CPRM), sigh in lateral position, could reduce postoperative atelectasis using lung ultrasound (LUS).

Methods
We conducted a prospective, randomized, controlled trial in adults with open abdominal surgery under general anesthesia lasting for 2 h or longer. Subjects were randomly allocated to either control group (C-group) or CPRM-group and received volume-controlled ventilation with the same ventilator settings. Patients in CPRM group was ventilated in sequential lateral position, with the addition of periodic sighs to recruit the lung. LUS scores, dynamic compliance (Cdyn), the partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) and fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) ratio (PaO2/FiO2), and other explanatory variables were acquired from each patient before and after recruitment.

Results
Seventy patients were included in the analysis. Before recruitment, there was no significant difference in LUS scores, Cdyn and PaO2/FiO2 between CPRM-group and C-group. After recruitment, LUS scores in CPRM-group decreased significantly compared with C-group (6.00 [5.00, 7.00] vs. 8.00 [7.00, 9.00], p = 4.463e-11 < 0.05), while PaO2/FiO2 and Cdyn in CPRM-group increased significantly compared with C-group respectively (377.92 (93.73) vs. 309.19 (92.98), p = 0.008 < 0.05, and 52.00 [47.00, 60.00] vs. 47.70 [41.00, 59.50], p = 6.325e-07 < 0.05). No hemodynamic instability, detectable barotrauma or position-related complications were encountered.

Conclusions
Sigh in lateral position can effectively reduce postoperative atelectasis even without causing severe side effects. Further large-scale studies are necessary to evaluate it’s long-term effects on pulmonary complications and hospital length of stay.

Trial registration
ChiCTR1900024379. Registered 8 July 2019,
Anaesthetic management of an abdominal aortic aneurysmorrhaphy in Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome: a case report
Authors: Tanaka Yuichi , Sakamoto Shun-Ichiro , Bito Hiroyasu , Sakamoto Atsuhiro 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome (KTWS) is a rare congenital malformation. Although there have been few reports on anaesthetic management of patients with KTWS, there is a lack of data on anaesthetic management for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) surgeries in these patients.

Case presentation
A 74-year-old man (height, 160 cm and body weight, 51.5 kg) with KTWS was scheduled for AAA replacement. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed prominent tortuosity below the abdominal aorta with an infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm, right common iliac artery aneurysm, and right external iliac artery aneurysm. Moreover, a remarkably noted arteriovenous fistula had developed between the aneurysm and peripheral artery. General anaesthesia was induced. Furthermore, a central venous catheter and an 8.5 French sheath in the left internal jugular vein were inserted. During the operation, bleeding from a collateral vessel in the cross-clamped aorta led the surgeon to decide to perform aneurysmorrhaphy. Intraoperatively, blood loss was 1500 ml, and 20 units of red blood cell concentrate were used.

Conclusions
Regarding AAA procedures in patients with KTWS, aortic cross-clamping may not sufficiently intercept blood flow due to collateral vessels. In these patients, the anaesthesiologist must be prepared to transfuse blood more rapidly and frequently than during normal AAA procedures.
Time to recovery and its predictors among critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation from intensive care unit in Ethiopia: a retrospective follow up study
Authors: Tilahun Lehulu , Molla Asressie , Ayele Fanos Yeshanew , Nega Aytenew , Dagnaw Kirubel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction
For critically ill patients, mechanical ventilation is considered a pillar of respiratory life support. The mortality of victims in intensive care units is high in resource-constrained Sub-Saharan African countries. The recovery and prognosis of mechanically ventilated victims are unknown, according to evidence. The goal of the study was to see how long critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation survived.

Methods
A retrospective follow-up study was conducted. A total of 376 study medical charts were reviewed. Data was collected through reviewing medical charts. Data was entered into Epi-data manager version 4.6.0.4 and analyzed through Stata version 16. Descriptive analysis was performed. Kaplan- Meier survival estimates and log rank tests were performed. Cox proportional hazard model was undertaken.

Results
Median recovery time was 15 days (IQR: 6–30) with a total recovery rate of 4.49 per 100 person-days. In cox proportional hazard regression, diagnosis category {AHR: 1.690, 95% CI: (1.150- 2.485)}, oxygen saturation {AHR: 1.600, 95% CI: (1.157- 2.211)}, presence of comorbidities {AHR: 1.774, 95% CI: (1.250–2.519)}, Glasgow coma scale {AHR: 2.451, 95% CI: (1.483- 4.051)}, and use of tracheostomy {AHR: 0.276, 95% CI: (0.180–0.422)} were statistically significant predictors.

Discussion
Based on the outcomes of this study, discussions with suggested possible reasons and its implications were provided.

Conclusion and Recommendations
Duration and recovery rate of patients on mechanical ventilation is less than expected of world health organization standard. Diagnosis category, oxygen saturation, comorbidities, Glasgow coma scale and use of tracheostomy were statistically significant predictors. Mechanical ventilation durations should be adjusted for chronic comorbidities, trauma, and use of tracheostomy.
Prediction of the need for emergency endoscopic treatment for upper gastrointestinal bleeding and new score model: a retrospective study
Authors: Sasaki Yoshihiro , Abe Tomoko , Kawamura Norio , Keitoku Taisei , Shibata Isamu , Ohno Shino , Ono Keiichi , Makishima Makoto 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Gastrointestinal bleeding is one of the major gastrointestinal diseases. In this study, our objective was to compare Glasgow-Blatchford score (GBS), AIMS65 score, MAP score, Modified GBS, and Iino score as outcome measures for upper gastrointestinal bleeding. In addition, we extracted factors associated with hemostatic procedures including endoscopy, and proposed a new robust score model.

Methods
From January 2015 to December 2019, 675 patients with symptoms such as hematemesis who visited the National Hospital Organization Disaster Medical Center and underwent urgent upper endoscopy with diagnosis of suspected non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding were retrospectively reviewed. We evaluated the GBS, AIMS65 score, MAP score, Modified GBS, and Iino score, and assessed the outcomes of patients requiring hemostatic treatments at the subsequent emergency endoscopy. We performed logistic regression analysis of factors related to endoscopic hemostasis and upper gastrointestinal bleeding, created a new score model, and evaluated the prediction of hemostatic treatment and mortality in the new score and the existing scores.

Results
The factors associated with endoscopic treatment were hematemesis, heart rate, HB (hemoglobin), blood pressure, blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Based on these predictors and the partial regression coefficients, a new score named H3B2 (using the initial letters of hematemesis, heart rate, HB, blood pressure, and BUN) was generated. H3B2 score was slightly more discriminatory compared to GBS and Modified GBS (area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC): 0.73 versus 0.721 and 0.7128, respectively) in predicting hemostatic treatment in emergency endoscopy. The H3B2 score also showed satisfactory prediction accuracy for subsequent deaths (AUROC: 0.6857. P < 0.001).

Conclusions
We proposed a new score, the H3B2 score, consisting of simple and objective indices in cases of suspected upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The H3B2 score is useful in identifying high-risk patients with suspected upper gastrointestinal bleeding who require urgent hemostatic treatment including emergency endoscopy.
Association between testosterone and serum soluble α-klotho in U.S. males: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Zilong , Qiu Shi , Huang Xinyi , Jin Kun , Zhou Xianghong , Lin Tianhai , Zou Xiaoli , Yang Qiuxiang , Yang Lu , Wei Qiang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Testosterone plays a crucial role in males, and the deficiency of testosterone leads to multiple adverse health conditions. Klotho is a recently discovered protein encoded by antiaging gene klotho. Both the levels of testosterone and klotho change with aging, so the relationship between them is worth exploring. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether total testosterone is associated with serum klotho levels in U.S. males aged 40–79 years.

Methods
Included in this study were 3750 male participants from the 2011 to 2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, aged 40–79 years with included information on klotho and sex hormones. The sex steroid hormone levels and klotho concentrations were assayed in laboratories using the recommended methods according to Nutrition Examination Survey guidelines. The association between sex hormones and klotho was calculated using multivariate linear regression models after adjustment for several possible confounding variables.

Results
Among the 3750 participants, the total testosterone concentration was 399.048 ± 184.780 ng/dL, and the testosterone deficiency prevalence was 1160 (30.942%). The geometric mean of serum klotho levels was 791.000 pg/mL. In the adjusted models, klotho increased 0.165 pg/mL for every 1 ng/dL increase of total testosterone (p = 0.004). In addition, estradiol (β 2.232; 95% CI 0.588–3.876; p = 0.032) and sex hormone-binding globulin (β 2.013; 95% CI 1.173–2.583; p = 0.002) were also positively associated with klotho concentrations.

Conclusion
This study reported a significant association between klotho and sex hormones in the U.S. male population. The levels of klotho in men increased with total testosterone, estradiol and sex hormone-binding globulin levels, which may have implications for future research and clinical practice.
Results of a worldwide external quality assessment of cfDNA testing in lung Cancer
Authors: Fairley Jennifer A. , Cheetham Melanie H. , Patton Simon J. , Rouleau Etienne , Denis Marc , Dequeker Elisabeth M. C. , Schuuring Ed , van Casteren Kaat , Fenizia Francesca , Normanno Nicola , Deans Zandra C. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Circulating cell free DNA (cfDNA) testing of plasma for EGFR somatic variants in lung cancer patients is being widely implemented and with any new service, external quality assessment (EQA) is required to ensure patient safety. An international consortium, International Quality Network for Pathology (IQNPath), has delivered a second round of assessment to measure the accuracy of cfDNA testing for lung cancer and the interpretation of the results.

Methods
A collaboration of five EQA provider organisations, all members of IQNPath, have delivered the assessment during 2018–19 to a total of 264 laboratories from 45 countries. Bespoke plasma reference material containing a range of EGFR mutations at varying allelic frequencies were supplied to laboratories for testing and reporting according to routine procedures. The genotyping accuracy and clinical reporting was reviewed against standardised criteria and feedback was provided to participants.

Results
The overall genotyping error rate in the EQA was found to be 11.1%. Low allelic frequency samples were the most challenging and were not detected by some testing methods, resulting in critical genotyping errors. This was reflected in higher false negative rates for samples with variant allele frequencies (VAF) rates less than 1.5% compared to higher frequencies. A sample with two different EGFR mutations gave inconsistent detection of both mutations. However, for one sample, where two variants were present at a VAF of less than 1% then both mutations were correctly detected in 145/263 laboratories. Reports often did not address the risk that tumour DNA may have not been tested and limitations of the methodologies provided by participants were insufficient. This was reflected in the average interpretation score for the EQA being 1.49 out of a maximum of 2.

Conclusions
The variability in the standard of genotyping and reporting highlighted the need for EQA and educational guidance in this field to ensure the delivery of high-quality clinical services where testing of cfDNA is the only option for clinical management.
Flap-making patterns and corneal characteristics influence opaque bubble layer occurrence in femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis
Authors: He Xi , Li Shi-Ming , Zhai Changbin , Zhang Li , Wang Yue , Song Xiumei , Wang Yi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Opaque bubble layer (OBL), which generates from photo-disruptive procedures on the cornea, has been a common phenomenon during femtosecond laser-assisted refractive surgeries and it would potentially impact eye tracking and flap lifting. And we have observed that an updated flap-making pattern could form less OBL clinically than the traditional pattern, which needed further approval. Thus, the purpose of this study is to prove our observation and investigate the possible risk factors related to the occurrence and type of OBL in laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) flaps using the Visumax laser system.

Methods
This prospective study included 167 eyes of 86 patients (mean age: 27.5 ± 6.1 years) undergoing bilateral femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) for myopia/myopic astigmatism by the same surgeon from April 2020 to August 2020. Preoperative data on refraction, central corneal thickness (CCT), and keratometry as well as intraoperative data were included for analysis. A new flap-making pattern creating an offset between flap-cut and side-cut was adopted to compare with the traditional pattern. The operation video of flap formation was analyzed to identify the existence and type of OBL. The area covered by OBL and the ratio of OBL to flap were calculated using Image J software.

Results
Among 167 eyes, 54 eyes (32.3%) developed OBLs, consisting of 31 as hard OBL coexisting with soft OBL, and 23 as soft OBL alone. The OBL incidence was significantly reduced in eyes with the new flap-making pattern compared with the traditional pattern (13.8% vs. 52.5%, P < 0.001). Hard OBLs had larger area ratios than soft OBLs (14.3 ± 8.3% vs. 1.1 ± 1.8%, P < 0.001). Univariate analyses revealed that eyes with more myopia, thicker CCT, and traditional flap-making patterns were more likely to develop OBLs. Multivariate analysis further confirmed that more myopia, thicker CCT, and traditional flap-making pattern were risk factors for OBLs. A Larger corneal diameter was associated with a higher incidence of hard OBL when applying the traditional flap-making process.

Conclusion
More myopia, thicker CCT, and larger corneal diameter were risk factors for OBL development during flap creation, whereas a flap-making pattern with an offset between flap-cut and side-cut could reduce the incidence of OBL.