bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trainers’ learning conditions, informal and formal learning and barriers to learning
Authors: Anselmann Sebastian 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThe aim of this study is to unveil how professional trainers and training managers describe the learning conditions of their workplaces, what informal and formal learning activities they intend to accomplish and what barriers to learning at work they encounter.Design/methodology/approachBarriers to learning in the workplace fall under individual, team or organizational aspects that hinder the initiation of or interrupt successful learning, delay proceedings or end learning activities much earlier than intended. Professional trainers (N = 16) and training managers (N = 10) participated in this interview study. Their answers were recorded, transcribed and analyzed via qualitative content analysis.FindingsThe participants assessed their work tasks as highly complex and balanced between new challenging tasks and routines. Their formal and informal learning activities were also fundamental to maintaining high performance. The trainers described a broad range of situations in which they suffered barriers to learning at their workplace, with most identifying external learning barriers such as vague supervisor requirements or disruptions from others.Originality/valueThe results of this study describe workplace complexity, which offers stimuli for learning through learning conditions, possibilities to engage in learning and also barriers to learning. To understand workplace complexity, all of these dimensions have to be understood and addressed.
To register or not to register for value-added tax? How tax rate changes can influence the decisions of small businesses in South Africa
Authors: Schoeman Anna Herculina Anculien , Evans Christopher C. , Du Preez Hanneke 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
Correct registration for the value-added tax (VAT) is a key aspect of tax compliance; it is vital in ensuring adequate tax revenue collection in all countries but particularly in developing countries such as South Africa. Non-registration hinders sufficient tax revenue collection, stifles economic growth and causes unfair competition with formal businesses. The purpose of this study is to determine whether changes in the VAT rate affect the registration decisions of businesses, ultimately impacting upon tax compliance behaviour and tax revenue collection.

Design/methodology/approach
An online 2 × 2 between-subjects field experiment was conducted, as part of a broader study, to consider compliance with registration requirements by small business entities in South Africa, specifically when there are changes in the VAT rate.

Findings
Although the study establishes that changes in the VAT rate tend not to have a significant impact on the registration decisions of such taxpayers, it nonetheless indicates that the magnitude of the change in the VAT rate may be influential on registration decisions, whether relating to compulsory or voluntary registration. More particularly, the greater the magnitude of the VAT rate decrease (increase), the more likely it is that taxpayers will register (deregister) for VAT purposes, indicating that the magnitude of changes in the VAT rate do have an impact on VAT registration decisions and therefore on tax compliance more generally.

Research limitations/implications
Not only does the study add to the limited knowledge available on registration decisions of small businesses, but also gives valuable guidance to policymakers in terms of determining the VAT rate for the country.

Originality/value
Not only does the study add to the limited knowledge available on registration decisions of small businesses, but it also gives valuable guidance to policymakers in terms of determining the VAT rate for the country.
Leadership and anti-corruption reforms in Taiwan: a comparison of Chen Shui-bian and Ma Ying-jeou
Authors: Ko Ernie 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThis article analyzes the implementation of anti-corruption reforms in Taiwan by two former presidents, Chen Shui-bian (2000-2008) and Ma Ying-jeou (2008-2016).Design/methodology/approachA three-tier research approach, including in-depth interviews, questionnaire survey, and descriptive and inferential analysis, is adopted. In addition to Chen and Ma, 11 senior anti-corruption officials who served under both presidents were interviewed by the author. The survey questions cover 12 factors which are later grouped into the five dimensions of ethical leadership, considerate leadership, delegating leadership, participatory leadership, and performance to illustrate the causal relationship between these dimensions and performance.FindingsMa’s personal ethics are distinct from Chen’s in kind but Ma’s overall leadership and performance outshine Chen’s in degree rather than in kind. While the gap of ethical leadership between two Taiwan presidents is significantly wider than other dimensions of leadership, the outcome of the national integrity is not proportionate to the ethical leadership gap. In other words, personal ethics are not automatically transformed into political will for enhancing anti-corruption effectiveness. Three popular forms of corruption, red envelopes (bribing), influence-peddling, and vote-buying are analyzed in the context of changing political culture through national leadership. Unfortunately, both Chen and Ma produce insignificant contributions based on public surveys.Originality/ValuePolicy-makers and scholars can use these research findings to further explore how ethical leadership can enhance a country’s anti-corruption performance.
Experiment and theoretical analysis of electromagnetic interference on communication systems in multi-rails environment
Authors: Jin Xuwei , Huang Shize , Liu Xiaowen , Zhou Jing , Qin Jinzhe , Dong Decun , Li Xingying 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) on communication systems of unban rail transit can hardly be clarified because of complicated factors around railways. This paper aims to target this issue and extend experimental and theoretical analysis.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper take the Nanjing Dashengguan Bridge as an example, because it carries the most tracks in the world and bears three kinds of trains running through, providing a perfect complex environment. First, it investigates the three communication systems, terrestrial trunked radio, communications-based train control (CBTC) and passenger information system (PIS) that Nanjing Metro uses, and select appropriate devices accordingly. Second, it establishes a system level platform and conduct three tests to analyze their respective operating principles and performance difference under common electromagnetic environments. Third, it adopts theoretical formula to verify test results.

Findings
The experiment results and theoretical analysis mutually corroborate each other and present practical recommendations: an 8 m or more distance between two tracks will ensure no obvious EMI created by a passing train on communication systems; two certain communication systems should not share the same frequency band; interference level is more related to field strength than weathers and building materials; and CBTC DSSS waveguide mode as well as PIS LTE mode are preferred.

Originality/value
This research also provides a practical method of investigating EMI for other complex situations.
The role of organisational commitment and leader-member exchange in knowledge application during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ishak Nurul Amirah , Naqshbandi M. Muzamil , Islam Md. Zahidul , Haji Sumardi Wardah Azimah 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThis study aims to examine the role of organisational commitment (affective, normative, continuance) in influencing employees’ knowledge application behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study also probes the moderating role of leader–member exchange (LMX) in the association between organisational commitment and knowledge application.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a sample of 206 employees working in various private sector organisations in Brunei Darussalam. Structural equation modelling using Smart-PLS was used to test the hypothesised relationships.FindingsThe findings show that affective and normative organisational commitment spurred employees’ knowledge application behaviour significantly during the COVID-19 crisis. However, the moderating effect of LMX could not be established in this study.Practical implicationsThe findings provide managers with insights into the crucial role organisational commitment can play in encouraging knowledge application in an organisation.Originality/valueStudies exploring the enabling factors of knowledge application are scarce, especially in the context of a global crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This study develops a model and empirically validates the importance of organisational commitment for knowledge application amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. This study also provides insights for managers into how LMX can affect knowledge application outcomes, particularly during uncertain times.
Shield wall: Kelps are the last stand against corals in tropicalized reefs
Authors: de Vargas Ribeiro Felipe , Pessarrodona Albert , Tucket Chenae , Mulders Yannick , Pereira Renato Crespo , Wernberg Thomas 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Communities inhabiting biogeographic transition zones are shifting in composition as a result of progressive warming and heatwaves. In the marine environment, corals are expanding onto higher latitude reefs historically dominated by temperate kelp forests, initiating a shift towards warm affinity coral‐dominated states.

Although these coral expansions are a global phenomenon, the mechanisms that are underpinning the expansion process remain poorly understood, which limits the projections of the rate and extent of ecosystem reconfiguration.

Here, we investigated the interaction between the kelp Ecklonia radiata and the high latitude scleractinian coral Plesiastrea versipora in several of Western Australia's temperate reefs, where coral colony abundance has increased by 50% in recent years. Combining field surveys with field and laboratory experiments, we test the importance of physical (abrasion and light reduction) and chemical (allelopathic) effects of kelp canopies on coral tissue cover, photosynthetic parameters and calcification rates.

In the field, kelp cover had a negative effect on coral density that was overwhelming in comparison to other dominant macroalgal taxa. Abrasion by kelp whiplash was the predominant mechanism by which kelp exerted a negative effect on P. versipora fitness, scraping up to 80% of live coenosarc from experimental colonies. In contrast, canopies had no effects on P. versipora photochemical efficiency and laboratory incubations showed that there were no allelochemical effects from kelp on P. versipora.

We conclude that E. radiata inhibits P. versipora establishment and development through abrasion, and the survey data confirmed that recent climate‐driven kelp loss released corals from this effect, facilitating their expansion on high‐latitude reefs in Western Australia. This shows how competitive interactions actively shield against species expansion in biogeographic transition zones and suggests a continued decline of kelp canopies will increase the permeability of temperate reefs to warm affinity species such as scleractinian corals.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
The revenue efficiency consequences of the announcement of a tax transition reform: The case of WAEMU countries
Authors: Adandohoin Kodjo , Gammadigbe Vigninou 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDoes the revenue replacement strategy of border taxes with domestic revenue collection (tax transition) increase efficiency in collecting revenues in developing countries? This article attempted to answer the question, by assessing the efficiency consequences of announcing a tax transition reform program in West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) countries. Through an impact evaluation framework with propensity score matching and synthetic control method, we find that the announcement of this reform in WAEMU countries increases efficiency in mobilizing resources at the community level as compared to their counterfactual. Efficient mobilization of resources increases by 4.3% around the reform agenda and is achieved 3 years following the announcement of the reform in these countries. We also find that the achieved efficiency in mobilizing resources goes hand in hand with an improvement in tax‐oriented Doing Business indicators at the community level, by increasing the contribution rate score of firms by near 22 scales and reducing collection time scores by 4.2 scales as compared to the best Doing Business practices on these indicators. The article also evidenced that the reform is overall working through the tax discipline channel rather than tax morale in these countries. Furthermore, having adopted value added tax (VAT), implemented semi‐autonomous revenue agencies (SARAs) and large taxpayers' units (LTUs) contribute to foster the revenue efficiency effect of the reform in above‐mentioned countries.
Brothers, friends, and enemies: averting intimacy on Facebook in western India
Authors: Advani Rahul 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAnthropological studies of the internet have traced the emergence of new forms of intimacy in various arenas of life, including friendship. Drawing upon an ethnography of Facebook and its use among young lower‐middle‐class men in Pune, Maharashtra, western India, the article investigates the discourse of friendship young men deploy on the platform. Although moulded in the image of their intimate friendships, their interactions with one another on‐screen function to perform the ties of kinship. The distinctions young men draw between Facebook and their friendships off‐screen reveal the particular forms male friendships take, the egalitarian ideal they contain, the privacy they require, and the care taken to foster them. Through examining the tensions between local articulations of intimacy and the publicity Facebook affords, I show how possibilities for online friendship, rather than being propelled by their freedom from external social conditions, are limited by the constraints of kinship.
Oral healthcare attendance and the effectiveness of referrals for rural antenatal women
Authors: Ragade Anjali , Yiannis Callisthenis , Opie Cynthia A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo analyse the effectiveness of targeted stakeholder engagement strategies and the impact they have on antenatal referrals, oral health admission, attendance and education of pregnant women in a rural public dental clinic.MethodKey stakeholders (obstetric trained general practitioners [GPs] and midwives) were educated and motivated to refer pregnant women to the rural public dental clinic via priority referral pathways. A 10‐month pre‐ and post‐intervention period of oral health assessments and treatments was compared and contrasted.DesignQuasi‐experimental study.SettingA rural health service in the Loddon Mallee region, Victoria.ParticipantsLocal pregnant women, 18 years of age or older, eligible for public dental care.Main outcome measuresIncreased oral health admission, attendance and education of pregnant women.ResultsActive engagement with key stakeholders significantly increased the oral health referral, admission and attendance of eligible antenatal women. Prior to the intervention, only 15.04% of eligible antenatal women sought oral health treatment, in comparison with 40.37% post‐intervention. Of the 62 women referred, 44 actively received dental care.ConclusionActive engagement with key stakeholders has demonstrated a clinically effective method of increasing antenatal referrals of socially disadvantaged women to a rural public dental clinic. Further collaboration between healthcare professionals can improve the oral health admission rates, attendance and education of antenatal women and their children.
E‐government and the hurdle of the “digital divide”? Rethinking the responses of the underprivileged in COVID‐19 Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Natalie W. M. , Ho Lawrence Ka‐ki 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe digital divide and insufficient social capital of aging, undereducated, and low‐income nonnetizens are usually explained by the underpopularization of e‐government. This review article moves beyond the mainstream concern over resources and technicalities and seeks to explore the reasons for reluctance, from digital vulnerabilities to e‐service. We examine the varying responses to the three e‐services launched by the Hong Kong government during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, online vaccination registration, electronic consumption vouchers, and social distancing apps in smartphones, and find that their perception of trust and security could be the major reservation of e‐service users. How could we understand the “values” they harbor, and in what circumstances would they be more accepting of the new inventories? Our findings from this developed society in the Asian context might assist policymakers in pushing e‐government forward in the post‐COVID era.
Language‐agnostic pharmacovigilant text mining to elicit side effects from clinical notes and hospital medication records
Authors: Kaas‐Hansen Benjamin Skov , Placido Davide , Rodríguez Cristina Leal , Thorsen‐Meyer Hans‐Christian , Gentile Simona , Nielsen Anna Pors , Brunak Søren , Jürgens Gesche , Andersen Stig Ejdrup 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe sought to craft a drug safety signalling pipeline associating latent information in clinical free text with exposures to single drugs and drug pairs. Data arose from 12 secondary and tertiary public hospitals in two Danish regions, comprising approximately half the Danish population. Notes were operationalised with a fastText embedding, based on which we trained 10 270 neural‐network models (one for each distinct single‐drug/drug‐pair exposure) predicting the risk of exposure given an embedding vector. We included 2 905 251 admissions between May 2008 and June 2016, with 13 740 564 distinct drug prescriptions; the median number of prescriptions was 5 (IQR: 3–9) and in 1 184 340 (41%) admissions patients used ≥5 drugs concomitantly. A total of 10 788 259 clinical notes were included, with 179 441 739 tokens retained after pruning. Of 345 single‐drug signals reviewed, 28 (8.1%) represented possibly undescribed relationships; 186 (54%) signals were clinically meaningful. Sixteen (14%) of the 115 drug‐pair signals were possible interactions, and two (1.7%) were known. In conclusion, we built a language‐agnostic pipeline for mining associations between free‐text information and medication exposure without manual curation, predicting not the likely outcome of a range of exposures but also the likely exposures for outcomes of interest. Our approach may help overcome limitations of text mining methods relying on curated data in English and can help leverage non‐English free text for pharmacovigilance.
Infectious issues of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
Authors: Tagawa Asako 
Published: July 2022

AbstractVarious effective monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been approved for both multiple sclerosis (MS) and anti‐aquaporin‐4‐seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders worldwide, including in Japan. As these newer mAbs have distinct modes of action that effectively suppress the recurrence of inflammation and slow disability progression, they can modulate and interfere with the protective immune response against pathogens, resulting in various infectious complications. Among various mAbs, natalizumab (NTZ) has the highest risk of causing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a rare but fatal opportunistic brain infection caused by John Cunningham polyomavirus. Switching from NTZ to B‐cell‐depleting mAbs, such as ocrelizumab, is also a possible risk factor for PML development. Alemtuzumab carries the risk of reactivation of varicella‐zoster virus (VZV); therefore, prophylactic acyclovir treatment is required. NTZ has also been associated with VZV reactivation. Eculizumab can cause severe meningococcal infection due toNeisseria meningitis, and vaccination prior to treatment induction is required. Attention to the reactivation of hepatitis B orMycobacterium tuberculosisis also needed during mAb therapy. Additionally, in the era of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (COVID‐19), the risk for of developing severe COVID‐19 may be associated with some mAbs, such as B‐cell‐depleting agents. Thorough understanding and mitigation strategies for infectious risks are essential.
Validation of predicted heart mass equations by measurement of donor heart mass at time of heart transplantation
Authors: Cheshire Caitlin , Quigley Richard , Claydon Sarah , Von Joel Sadie , Osman Mohamed , Kaul Pradeep , Rafiq Muhammad , Tsui Steven , Jenkins David P. , Berman Marius , Pettit Stephen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPredicted heart mass (PHM) equations may be used in donor–recipient size matching in heart transplantation. We compared PHM and actual heart mass in 25 consecutive DBD heart transplants. There was a moderate positive correlation between actual heart mass and PHM. There was a similar moderate correlation between actual heart mass and donor weight or donor body surface area but not donor height. PHM was lower than actual heart mass for all donor hearts. Bland–Altman analysis showed a systematic bias between PHM and actual heart mass, with a mean difference of 190.9 ± 66.4 g. The utility of PHM equations is likely to be part of a multi‐parametric assessment of the relative differences between donor and recipient, so the absolute difference is likely to be unimportant.
Recent warming causes functional borealization and diversity loss in deep fish communities east of Greenland
Authors: Emblemsvåg Margrete , Pecuchet Laurene , Velle Liv Guri , Nogueira Adriana , Primicerio Raul 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimWe assessed temporal trends in functional diversity of the deep‐sea demersal fish communities of East Greenland to characterize ecological responses to rising sea temperatures.LocationThe study region encompasses a shelf and slope area located offshore between 63°N and 66°N, east of Greenland.MethodsA unique dataset of demersal fish abundance covering a depth range of 1500 m over 18 years was combined with a fish trait dataset which included a mix of quantitative and categorial traits that characterized species' morphology, feeding strategy, habitat, and life history. We analysed the species by trait matrix using principal component analysis (PCA). To investigate trait patterns across the communities (sites), community weighted mean (CWM) traits were calculated and analysed using PCA. Further, depth specific and temporal trends in functional diversity indices were calculated.ResultsWe found signs of a taxonomic and functional borealization, associated with a loss in functional diversity, down to 1000 m, characterized by an increase in mobile generalists and a decrease in bottom dwelling benthivores.Main conclusionsThe increased dominance of boreal species traits was not sufficient to compensate for the loss of Arctic species traits leading to declining functional diversity. The decrease in functional diversity may negatively affect ecosystem robustness to environmental change. These responses are most likely not unique to this study area and call for more attention to ecosystem considerations in climate change management strategies in the deep‐sea.