bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methods for the dietary assessment of adult kidney stone formers: a scoping review
Authors: Legay Constance , Krasniqi Tropoja , Bourdet Alice , Bonny Olivier , Bochud Murielle 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Kidney stones are a frequent and potentially severe condition, affecting 5–10% of the European population. Causes are multifactorial, diet in particular plays a major role in the formation and management of kidney stones. The aim of this scoping review is to assess the methods used to study the diet of adult kidney stone formers.

Methods
We conducted a systematic search in Medline Ovid SP, Embase, Cinahl, Cochrane (CENTRAL), Web of Sciences databases on June 10th, 2020. Self-report methods (such as food frequency questionnaires or 24-h dietary recalls), objective nutritional biomarkers and controlled diets were considered. We analyzed the selected publications based on the origin of participants, study design and dietary assessment methods used.

Results
We screened 871 publications and included 162 of them. Most studies included participants from North America and Europe and were observational. Short and cost-effective tools such as food frequency questionnaires and other questionnaires were the most frequently used. Moreover, food diary was a frequently selected method to study the diet of kidney stone formers. New technologies (e.g. online questionnaires, phone applications, connected tools) were rarely used.

Conclusion
Accurate reporting of the methods used in nutritional studies is of key importance to interpret results and build evidence. Assessing long-term dietary intake is still a challenge for nutritional epidemiology. A combination of self-report methods with objective dietary biomarkers and new technologies probably represents the best way forward.

Graphical abstract
Measuring the Effect of Strain Rate on Deformation and Damage in Fibre-Reinforced Composites: A Review
Authors: Perry J. I. , Walley S. M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis review aims to assess publications relevant to understanding the rate-dependent dynamic behaviour of glass- and carbon-fibre reinforced polymer composites (FRPs). FRPs are complex structures composed of fibres embedded in a polymer matrix, making them highly anisotropic. Their properties depend on their constituent materials as well as micro-, meso- and macro-scale structure. Deformation proceeds via a variety of damage mechanisms which degrade them, and failure can occur by one or more different processes. The damage and failure mechanisms may exhibit complex and unpredictable rate-dependence, with certain phenomena only observable under specific loading conditions or geometries. This review focusses on experimental methods for measuring the rate-dependent deformation of fibre composites: it considers high-stain-rate testing of both specimens of ‘simple’ geometry as well as more complex loadings such as joints, ballistic impact and underwater blast. The effects of strain rate on damage and energy-based processes are also considered, and several scenarios identified where strength and toughness may substantially decrease with an increase in strain rate.
Review on Improvement, Modeling, and Application of Ionic Polymer Metal Composite Artificial Muscle
Authors: He Qingsong , Yin Guoxiao , Vokoun David , Shen Qi , Lu Ji , Liu Xiaofang , Xu Xianrui , Yu Min , Dai Zhendong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecently, researchers have concentrated on studying ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) artificial muscle, which has numerous advantages including a relatively large strain under low input voltage, flexibility, high response, low noise, light weight, and high driving energy density. This paper reports recent developments in IPMC artificial muscle, including improvement methods, modeling, and applications. Different types of IPMCs are described, along with various methods for overcoming some shortcomings, including improvement of Nafion matrix membranes, surface preparation of Nafion membranes, the choice of high-performing electrodes, and new electro-active polymers for enhancing the properties of IPMCs. IPMC models are also reviewed, providing theoretical guidance for studying the performance and applications of IPMCs. Successful applications such as bio-inspired robots, opto-mechatronic systems, and medical engineering are discussed.
Individueller religiöser Pluralismus – Perspektiven für kulturpsychologische Forschung
Authors: Popp-Baier Ulrike 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungVor einigen Jahren plädierte der Soziologe Peter Berger für einen Paradigmenwechsel, um die Beziehung zwischen Moderne und Religion zu verstehen. Er schlug vor, die Säkularisierungstheorie durch eine Theorie des Pluralismus zu ersetzen und akzentuierte dabei zwei Formen des Pluralismus: Die Koexistenz verschiedener Religionen und die Koexistenz religiöser und säkularer Diskurse in der Gesellschaft wie auch im individuellen Bewusstsein. Linda Woodhead ergänzte diese zwei Formen des religiösen Pluralismus durch eine dritte Form der Dedifferenzierung, die sich durch das Aufweichen klarer Grenzen zwischen Religionen und zwischen dem Religiösen und dem Säkularen auszeichne. Sie sieht in allen drei Pluralismen Erklärungspotenzial, um den Anstieg der sogenannten nones in vielen postindustriellen Gesellschaften zu begreifen. In diesem Beitrag wird anhand von Beispielen aus empirischen Forschungsprojekten auf das analytische Potenzial der drei Pluralismen im Hinblick auf das Phänomen eines individuellen religiösen Pluralismus verwiesen und mit Vorschlägen für entsprechende kulturpsychologische Analysen verbunden.
Coca-Cola’s Cape Town Crisis: Examining Companies’ Water Rights Obligations in a Changing Climate
Authors: Marcoux Shannon 
Published: February 2022

While Coca-Cola portrays itself as a ‘water neutrality’ leader, its failures during Cape Town’s water crisis exemplify the changing nature of corporate human rights obligations in the face of climate change. Between 2015 and 2018, drought conditions plunged Cape Town into a crisis, leading to increasingly strict household water restrictions and depriving families of their constitutionally guaranteed water allowance.1 However, in December 2017, when Cape Town officials called for a 45% reduction in commercial water use, Coca-Cola’s local independent bottler – Coca-Cola Peninsula Beverages (CCPB) – refused to reduce its 44 million-litre monthly withdrawals.2 The city subjected households to water restrictions and price increases up to 556%, while businesses only saw a 104% price increase with no consumption restrictions.3
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance patterns among Staphylococcus aureus in the United States, 2012–2018
Authors: Ham D. Cal , Fike Lucy , Wolford Hannah , Lastinger Lindsey , Soe Minn , Baggs James , Walters Maroya Spalding 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe reviewed trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole antibiotic susceptibility testing data among Staphylococcus aureus using 3 national inpatient databases. In all 3 databases, we observed an increases in the percentage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus that were not susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Providers should select antibiotic regimens based on local resistance patterns and should report changes to the public health department.
A critical deliberation of the ‘species complex’ status of the globally spread colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri
Authors: Reem Eitan , Douek Jacob , Rinkevich Baruch 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe accurate taxonomic identity for the worldwide-distributed invasive ascidian Botryllus schlosseri has not been resolved. Employing molecular tools, primarily mtDNA, previous studies unveiled five divergent clades (A–E), suggesting a complex of five cryptic species. A recent study allocated clades A and E to different species. Here, worldwide B. schlosseri's COI distribution map has been drawn, based on 2927 specimens, elucidating 160 haplotypes (100 singletons). Clade A emerged as the most abundant and globally widespread, while other clades had more limited distributions (primarily B, C). Inter-clade and intra-clade divergences were similar, with no clear barcoding gaps between the clades, illuminating no more than two putative OTUs. Network analyses for the genetic similarities among the clades' haplotypes identified different groups, depending on threshold values and away from the suggested clades' boundaries. Three additional genetic markers (H3, 18S, 28S) disclosed clade A, segregating from other clades and clades D and E strongly integrating. Allorecognition assays between clades resulted in indifference and rejection outcomes, characteristics of the within-species allorecognition repertoire. The question as to whether Botryllus schlosseri is a single species or a species complex is further discussed, leading to the assertion that while it is a widely variable species, there is not enough evidence for its designation as a species complex.
Brain structural abnormalities in adult major depressive disorder revealed by voxel- and source-based morphometry: evidence from the REST-meta-MDD Consortium
Authors: Wang KangCheng , Hu YuFei , Yan ChaoGan , Li MeiLing , Wu YanJing , Qiu Jiang , Zhu XingXing ,   the REST-meta-MDD Consortium
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundNeuroimaging studies on major depressive disorder (MDD) have identified an extensive range of brain structural abnormalities, but the exact neural mechanisms associated with MDD remain elusive. Most previous studies were performed with voxel- or surface-based morphometry which were univariate methods without considering spatial information across voxels/vertices.MethodsBrain morphology was investigated using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and source-based morphometry (SBM) in 1082 MDD patients and 990 healthy controls (HCs) from the REST-meta-MDD Consortium. We first examined group differences in regional grey matter (GM) volumes and structural covariance networks between patients and HCs. We then compared first-episode, drug-naïve (FEDN) patients, and recurrent patients. Additionally, we assessed the effects of symptom severity and illness duration on brain alterations.ResultsVBM showed decreased GM volume in various regions in MDD patients including the superior temporal cortex, anterior and middle cingulate cortex, inferior frontal cortex, and precuneus. SBM returned differences only in the prefrontal network. Comparisons between FEDN and recurrent MDD patients showed no significant differences by VBM, but SBM showed greater decreases in prefrontal, basal ganglia, visual, and cerebellar networks in the recurrent group. Moreover, depression severity was associated with volumes in the inferior frontal gyrus and precuneus, as well as the prefrontal network.ConclusionsSimultaneous application of VBM and SBM methods revealed brain alterations in MDD patients and specified differences between recurrent and FEDN patients, which tentatively provide an effective multivariate method to identify potential neurobiological markers for depression.
Understanding agoraphobic avoidance: the development of the Oxford Cognitions and Defences Questionnaire (O-CDQ)
Authors: Rosebrock Laina , Lambe Sinéad , Mulhall Sophie , Petit Ariane , Loe Bao S , Saidel Simone , Pervez Maryam , Mitchell Joanna , Chauhan Nisha , Prouten Eloise , Chan Cindy , Aynsworth Charlotte , Murphy Elizabeth , Jones Julia , Powling Rosie , Chapman Kate , Dudley Robert , Morrison Anthony , O’Regan Eileen , Clark David M , Waite Felicity , Freeman Daniel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground:Many patients with mental health disorders become increasingly isolated at home due to anxiety about going outside. A cognitive perspective on this difficulty is that threat cognitions lead to the safety-seeking behavioural response of agoraphobic avoidance.Aims:We sought to develop a brief questionnaire, suitable for research and clinical practice, to assess a wide range of cognitions likely to lead to agoraphobic avoidance. We also included two additional subscales assessing two types of safety-seeking defensive responses: anxious avoidance and within-situation safety behaviours.Method:198 patients with psychosis and agoraphobic avoidance and 1947 non-clinical individuals completed the item pool and measures of agoraphobic avoidance, generalised anxiety, social anxiety, depression and paranoia. Factor analyses were used to derive the Oxford Cognitions and Defences Questionnaire (O-CDQ).Results:The O-CDQ consists of three subscales: threat cognitions (14 items), anxious avoidance (11 items), and within-situation safety behaviours (8 items). Separate confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated a good model fit for all subscales. The cognitions subscale was significantly associated with agoraphobic avoidance (r = .672, p < .001), social anxiety (r = .617, p < .001), generalized anxiety (r = .746, p < .001), depression (r = .619, p < .001) and paranoia (r = .655, p < .001). Additionally, both the O-CDQ avoidance (r = .867, p < .001) and within-situation safety behaviours (r = .757, p < .001) subscales were highly correlated with agoraphobic avoidance. The O-CDQ demonstrated excellent internal consistency (cognitions Cronbach’s alpha = .93, avoidance Cronbach’s alpha = .94, within-situation Cronbach’s alpha = .93) and test–re-test reliability (cognitions ICC = 0.88, avoidance ICC = 0.92, within-situation ICC = 0.89).Conclusions:The O-CDQ, consisting of three separate scales, has excellent psychometric properties and may prove a helpful tool for understanding agoraphobic avoidance across mental health disorders.
The old boy network: are the professional networks of female executives less effective than men's for advancing their careers?
Authors: Lalanne Marie , Seabright Paul 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe investigate the impact of professional networks on men's and women's earnings, using a dataset of European and North American executives. The size of an individual's network of influential former colleagues has a large positive association with remuneration, with an elasticity of around 21%. However, controlling for unobserved heterogeneity using various fixed effects as well as a placebo technique, we find that the real causal impact of networks is barely positive for men and significantly lower for women. We provide suggestive evidence indicating that the apparent discrimination against women is due to two factors: first, both men and women are helped more by own-gender than other-gender connections, and men have more of these than women do. Second, a subset of employers we identify as ‘female friendly firms’ recruit more women but reward networks less than other firms.
The Lynching of Italians and the Rise of Antilynching Politics in the United States
Authors: Seguin Charles , Nardin Sabrina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the years following the end of Reconstruction lynching became a favored method of White supremacist terror in the US South. Despite presidential efforts to quell racist violence in the 1870s, throughout the 1880s, presidents tended to ignore lynchings, and northern newspapers legitimized lynchings as a form of “rough justice.” Over time, however, presidents began to denounce lynchings, and northern newspapers began to argue that lynching shamed the United States before the “civilized world.” Scholars disagree, however, on both when and why the presidency and newspapers began to oppose lynching. We show that the lynching of Italian nationals catalyzed opposition to lynching from both the presidency and national newspapers starting in 1891. Using new data from across the United States, Great Britain, and Italy, we trace the political impact of the lynching of Italians. Lynchings of Italians brought immediate political pressure from the Italian embassy and generated broad international condemnation of the lynching of Italians in the United States. Ida B. Wells exploited this international outrage on her 1894 British tour to draw international attention to the lynching of Black Americans. International condemnation led presidents that were sensitive to their international reputation to denounce lynching, first of Italians, but later of Black victims. Our account dates the rise of antilynching politics earlier than accounts that focus on Ida B. Wells’s British tour of 1894, or the NAACP’s antilynching campaign post–World War I.
Possible Ionospheric Influence on Substorm Onset Location
Authors: Elhawary R. , Laundal K. M. , Reistad J. P. , Hatch S. M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAuroral substorm onset locations are highly unpredictable. Previous studies have shown that the By component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) explains ∼5% of the variation in onset magnetic local time (MLT), while solar wind conditions and the other IMF components have even less explanatory power. In this study, we show that the level of geomagnetic activity before substorm onset, as indicated by the AL index, explains an additional ∼5% of the variation in onset MLT. We discuss our results with regard to recent modeling studies, which show that gradients in the ionospheric Hall conductance can lead to a duskward shift of the magnetotail dynamics. Our findings suggest that this magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling effect may also influence the location of substorm onsets.
Role of Sea‐Surface Salinity in Simulating Historical Decadal Variations of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in a Coupled Climate Model
Authors: Zhang Qiuying , Chang Ping , Yeager Stephen G. , Danabasoglu Gokhan , Zhang Shaoqing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractExtending climate prediction from seasonal to decadal timescales requires realistic initialization of not only upper ocean heat content but also the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). However, it remains a major challenge to realistically initialize AMOC in a coupled system while also maintaining a balanced atmosphere‐ocean initial state. This study demonstrates the feasibility of generating fully coupled historical states with realistic AMOC variability. Employing a forced ocean—sea‐ice (FOSI) model simulation as the “truth,” we show reproducibility of key features of historical AMOC decadal variability in a fully coupled model by restoring sea‐surface salinity, in addition to sea‐surface temperature restoring widely used in seasonal prediction. The atmospheric state of the restored coupled model solution is much closer to that of the free coupled simulation than to the observations used in FOSI, pointing to potential advantages of using this approach for initializing decadal predictions with reduced ocean initialization shock.
Spatial Scales of the Velocity Shear Layer and Kelvin‐Helmholtz Waves on the Magnetopause: First Statistical Results
Authors: Zhou Yue , Shue Jih‐Hong , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Lu Jianyong , Wang Ming , Zhang Hanxiao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUsing data taken by the ARTEMIS spacecraft near Moon, we statistically study the properties of Kelvin‐Helmholtz (KH) waves and the thicknesses (ΔY) of initial velocity shear layers on the magnetopause at lunar distance. Based on a total of 48 KH wave events and 14 estimates of ΔY, the average KH wavelength (λX) and ΔY are found to be 16.05 RE and 0.53 RE at lunar distance, respectively, which are larger than those at near‐Earth magnetopause. The λX to ΔY ratio ranges from 18 to 41 at lunar distance, way beyond the range (6–13) predicted by the linear theory. This result indicates that the KH waves observed at lunar distance are not of the fastest growing mode according to linear theory. This study poses the first statistical study on λX and ΔY, providing insights into the generation and development of KH waves at lunar distance.
3‐D Structure and Development of a Metamorphic Core Complex in the Northern South China Sea Rifted Margin
Authors: Ye Qing , Mei Lianfu , Jiang Dapeng , Xu Xinming , Delogkos Efstratios , Zhang Lili , Camanni Giovanni 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe 3‐D structure of continental metamorphic core complexes (MCCs) and their coevolution along with the associated extensional detachments are still not well understood. In this study, analysis of a newly acquired high‐resolution 3‐D seismic reflection volume reveals for the first time a well‐imaged MCC in the proximal northern South China Sea (SCS) rifted margin, the Kaiping MCC (KP MCC). These data provide a 3‐D view of the KP MCC and the associated KP detachment fault. The KP MCC is characterized by ascend of ductile midcrustal materials, and it is partially exhumed in the KP9 High. The KP detachment fault displays a domed low‐angle geometry, and is characterized by pronounced NS‐plunging corrugations, among which two megacorrugations of tens of kilometers are revealed. Evidence show that the KP MCC developed according to the classical rolling‐hinge model. A group of secondary normal faults and fractures, which are parallel to the axis of the KP MCC and offset the KP detachment surface at the crest of the MCC, developed in response to inelastic bending during progressive warping of the footwall. The migration of the domal seismic reflection layers provides a visual evidence for the kinematic process of the rolling‐hinge activity, during which the brittle‐ductile transition and the rolling hinge gradually migrate as the detachment fault slips. The origin of the KP MCC in the northern SCS margin is suggested to have been favored by the existence of a pre‐existing midcrustal ductile layer and basement structures within the upper brittle crust.
Predictability of Indian Ocean Dipole Over 138 Years Using a CESM Ensemble‐Prediction System
Authors: Song Xunshu , Tang Youmin , Liu Ting , Li Xiaojing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this study, we performed a long‐term ensemble hindcast from 1880 to 2017 (138 years) using the Community Earth System Model (CESM) and conducted a comprehensive investigation of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) predictability. We found that the CESM can produce the IOD prediction skill comparable to that produced by some of the best state‐of‐the‐art coupled general circulation models, achieving a correlation skill of 0.5 for a lead time of one season over the 138 years. The Brier skill score shows one season of the effective probability prediction skill for the below‐ and above‐normal events and no probability prediction skill for the near‐normal events. The potential predictability of the IOD is much higher than the actual prediction skill; for example, the information‐based potential correlation is as high as 0.8 at a 6‐month lead time, suggesting a large scope for improvement in current IOD predictions. Compared with the dispersion component, the signal component dominates the variation in the relative entropy and the relationship between the potential predictability and deterministic prediction skill. An analysis of the IOD prediction skills suggests that the strength of IOD events plays an important role in the IOD prediction skills, regardless of the measurement metrics used to evaluate the prediction skills. Our study also suggested that the remote forcing from the tropical Pacific and the local sea‐air interaction in the tropical Indian Ocean would be two major sources of IOD predictability.