bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurodivergent participatory action research for Virtual Reality (VR)
Authors: Millington Elliot , Hayashibara Emma , Arthur Tom , Husselman Tammy-Ann , Savickaite Sarune , Taylor Rebecca 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThis paper aims to raise awareness of and argue for the use of participatory methods for the research and development of Virtual Reality (VR) applications designed for neurodivergent groups. This includes exploring why it is important to meaningfully include neurodivergent groups and the benefits their inclusion provide.Design/methodology/approachVR is becoming increasingly widespread as a consumer product and interventional tool. It is vital for researchers and developers to embrace best practices in these early stages of using the technology, making certain that neurodivergent people have the best possible outcomes.FindingsThe neurodivergent community is dissatisfied with many of the research directions currently being undertaken. This dissatisfaction arises from conflicting priorities between different stakeholders and the lack of input from the community. Participatory research brings neurodivergent people into the research process, whether as members of the research team or as consultants at key steps. Effective participatory research ensures that the priorities of the neurodivergent community are better incorporated in research, as well as enabling the development of more effective applications for VR.Originality/valueParticipatory methods are unutilised in the development of applications aimed for neurodivergent people. By describing their use and utility in other areas, this article aims to encourage other VR researchers to take neurodivergent people on board.
Applications of virtual reality (VR) in autism research: current trends and taxonomy of definitions
Authors: Savickaite Sarune , Husselman Tammy-Ann , Taylor Rebecca , Millington Elliot , Hayashibara Emma , Arthur Tom 
Published: July 2022

PurposeRecent work could further improve the use of VR technology by advocating the use of psychological theories in task design and highlighting certain properties of VR configurations and human – VR interactions. The variety of VR technology used in the trials prevents us from establishing a systematic relationship between the technology type and its effectiveness. As such, more research is needed to study this link, and our piece is an attempt to shed a spotlight on the issue.Design/methodology/approachTo explore recent developments in the field, the authors followed the procedures of scoping review by Savickaite et al. (2022) and included publications from 2021 to 2022.FindingsIn this updated analysis, it was clear that the research themes emerging over the last two years were similar to those identified previously. Social training and intervention work still dominates the research area, in spite of recent calls from the autism community to broaden the scientific understanding of neurodivergent experiences and daily living behaviours. Although, autism is often characterised by difficulties with social interactions, it is just one part of the presentation. Sensory differences, motor difficulties and repetitive behaviours are also important facets of the condition, as well as various wider aspects of health, wellbeing and quality of life. However, many of these topics appear to be understudied in research on VR applications for autism.Originality/valueVR stands out from other representational technologies because of its immersion, presence and interactivity and has grown into its own niche. The question of what constitutes a truly immersive experience has resurfaced. We can no longer deny that VR has established itself in autism research. As the number of studies continues to grow, it is a perfect time to reconsider and update our notion of definitions of immersion and its reliance on hardware.
A reexamination of the code of silence and disciplinary fairness in South Korea over 11 years
Authors: Kang Wook , Kutnjak Ivkovich Sanja , Jung Jeyong 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThis paper aims to provide an in-depth exploration of the code of silence in Korean policing and its relationship to perceptions of disciplinary fairness.Design/methodology/approachThe authors separately surveyed 370 Korean police officers in 2008 and 356 Korean police officers in 2019. The respondents were asked to evaluate seven hypothetical scenarios measuring different types of police misconduct from police corruption to the use of excessive force.FindingsThe results demonstrated that the strength of the code of silence decreased over a decade. The code of silence seems to protect less serious examples of police misconduct more strongly than more serious examples of police misconduct. Furthermore, the extent of the code of silence and perceptions of discipline severity are closely related in situations in which the expected discipline is evaluated by officers as too harsh. When police officers evaluated the expected discipline as fair, they were less likely to adhere to the code of silence than when they evaluated the expected discipline as too harsh, providing support for the simple justice model. On the other hand, the results are mixed for comparisons of the code of silence among respondents who evaluated discipline as fair and those who evaluated discipline as too lenient.Originality/valueThis is one of few studies focusing on the potential changes in the code of silence over time and on its relationship with the perception of disciplinary fairness. South Korea has conducted a reform of the police (the Grand Reform) in the late 1990s and more recently enacted the new laws regulating police misconduct. This study relies on two independent surveys of the same population of police officersto empirically assesses potential changes resulting from these societal and organizational transformations.
Remote sensing from unoccupied aerial systems: Opportunities to enhance Arctic plant ecology in a changing climate
Authors: Yang Dedi , Morrison Bailey D. , Davidson Kenneth J. , Lamour Julien , Li Qianyu , Nelson Peter R. , Hantson Wouter , Hayes Daniel J. , Swetnam Tyson L. , McMahon Andrew , Anderson Jeremiah , Ely Kim S. , Rogers Alistair , Serbin Shawn P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Arctic is warming at a faster rate than any other biome on Earth, resulting in widespread changes in vegetation composition, structure and function that have important feedbacks to the global climate system. The heterogeneous nature of arctic landscapes creates challenges for monitoring and improving understanding of these ecosystems, as current efforts typically rely on ground, airborne or satellite‐based observations that are limited in space, time or pixel resolution.The use of remote sensing instruments on small unoccupied aerial systems (UASs) has emerged as an important tool to bridge the gap between detailed, but spatially limited ground‐level measurements, and lower resolution, but spatially extensive high‐altitude airborne and satellite observations. UASs allow researchers to view, describe and quantify vegetation dynamics at fine spatial scales (1–10 cm) over areas much larger than typical field plots. UASs can be deployed with a high degree of temporal flexibility, enabling observation across diurnal, seasonal and annual time‐scales.Here we review how established and emerging UAS remote sensing technologies can enhance arctic plant ecological research by quantifying fine‐scale vegetation patterns and processes, and by enhancing the ability to link ground‐based measurements with broader‐scale information obtained from airborne and satellite platforms.Synthesis. Improved ecological understanding and model representation of arctic vegetation is needed to forecast the fate of the Arctic in a rapidly changing climate. Observations from UASs provide an approach to address this need, however, the use of this technology in the Arctic currently remains limited. Here we share recommendations to better enable and encourage the use of UASs to improve the description, scaling and model representation of arctic vegetation.
Aberrant messenger RNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is associated with gouty arthritis
Authors: Shen Jiayan , Xie Zhaohu , Liu Yi , Zhao Ting , Li Zhenming , Ren Yifei , Xi Yujiang , Xiao Niqing , Yang Xiaoli , Shao Shuiyan , Qin Dongdong , Peng Jiangyun , Li Zhaofu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimGouty arthritis (GA) is a type of self‐limiting inflammatory arthritis caused by deposition of monosodium urate (MSU). This study aimed to analyze the expression variation of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in GA patients and investigated the role of mRNAs in GA pathogenesis.MethodsFive patients with acute GA (AGA), 5 with non‐acute GA (NAGA), and 5 healthy controls (HC) were recruited to examine differential mRNA expression profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and explore whether mRNA is involved in the pathogenesis of AGA. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases were used to study the biological functions of differentially expressed mRNA and the relationship between genes and signal pathways.ResultsCompared with HC, the AGA group had 1456 differentially expressed mRNAs, while the NAGA group had 437 differentially expressed mRNAs and compared with the NAGA group, 115 differentially expressed mRNAs were found in the AGA group. GO analysis showed that the differentially expressed mRNA in the AGA group was mainly enriched in processes related to leukocyte activation and immune response, while KEGG analysis showed that “Staphylococcus aureus infection” and “Cytokine‐cytokine receptor interaction” are enriched in the up‐regulated mRNAs in the AGA group.ConclusionThis study identified genes and pathways that are differentially expressed during the onset of AGA, which might reveal part of the pathogenesis of the disease and provide clues to explaining the severe pain associated with disease onset and the rapid development of inflammatory response that subsides by itself.
Sex differences in the characteristics and survival of patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer: A retrospective analytical study based on real‐world clinical data of the Korean population
Authors: Jeon Da Som , Kim Jin Woo , Kim Seul Gi , Kim Hyeong Ryul , Song Si Yeol , Lee Jae Cheol , Ji Wonjun , Choi Chang‐Min , Kim Ho Cheol ,   Korean Association for Lung Cancer, South Korea Central Cancer Registry
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to investigate the differences in characteristics, clinical stages, treatment modalities, and survival outcomes in patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) based on sex differences using Korean nationwide registry data.MethodsWe analyzed the data of 8650 patients diagnosed with NSCLC between 2014 and 2017, obtained from the Korean Association for Lung Cancer Registry (KALC‐R). The Cox proportional hazard model was used to define the differences in survival based on sex. Propensity score matching was used to adjust for differences between men and women.ResultsOf a total of 10 943 patients, 8650 (79.1%) were diagnosed with NSCLC, of whom 68.7% were men and 31.3% were women. For NSCLC, the median age was higher (69.0 vs. 67.0, p < 0.001) and the proportion of ever‐smokers (84.5% vs. 10.8%, p < 0.001) was higher in men. Adenocarcinoma (55.5% vs. 90.4%, p < 0.001) and stage I NSCLC (26.3% vs. 41.3%, p < 0.001) were more common in women. Survival was significantly lower in men with NSCLC (hazard ratio [HR] 1.493 [95% confidence interval, CI 1.238–1.800], p < 0.001) even after adjusting for meaningful clinical variables, and in the matched cohort (HR 1.339 [1.075–1.667], p = 0.009). Similarly, survival was significantly lower in men with stage IV adenocarcinoma after adjusting for other clinical variables (HR 1.493 [1.238–1.800], p < 0.001) and in the matched cohort (HR 1.339 [1.075–1.667]; p = 0.009).ConclusionsMale patients with NSCLC had poorer prognosis, not only after variable adjustments for prognostic factors, but also in the matched cohort.
p300 arrests intervertebral disc degeneration by regulating the FOXO3/Sirt1/Wnt/β‐catenin axis
Authors: Hao Yingjie , Ren Zhinan , Yu Lei , Zhu Guangduo , Zhang Panke , Zhu Jian , Cao Shuyan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe transcription factor p300 is reportedly involved in age‐associated human diseases, including intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). In this study, we investigate the potential role and pathophysiological mechanism of p300 in IDD. Clinical tissue samples were collected from patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH), in which the expression of p300, forkhead box O3 (FOXO3), and sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) was determined. Nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) isolated from clinical degenerative intervertebral disc (IVD) tissues were introduced with oe‐p300, oe‐FOXO3, Wnt/β‐catenin agonist 1, C646 (p300/CBP inhibitor), or si‐p300 to explore the functional role of p300 in IDD and to characterize the relationship between p300 and the FOXO3/Sirt1/Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. Also, we established a rat IDD model by inducing needle puncture injuries in the caudal IVDs for further verification of p300 functional role. We found that p300 was downregulated in the clinical tissues and NPCs of IDD. Overexpression of p300 promoted the proliferation and autophagy of NPCs while inhibiting cell apoptosis, which was associated with FOXO3 upregulation. p300 could increase the expression of FOXO3 by binding to the Sirt1 promoter, and thus, contributed to inactivation of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. In vivo results further displayed that p300 slowed down the progression of IDD by disrupting the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway through the FOXO3/Sirt1 axis. Taken together, we suggest that p300 can act to suppress IDD via a FOXO3‐dependent mechanism, highlighting a potential novel target for treatment of IDD.
Uptake of outpatient hysteroscopy in Australia using Medical Benefits Scheme data: Have we fallen behind?
Authors: Hofmann Lauren , Readman Emma , Kapurubandara Supuni 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundHysteroscopy is a safe procedure which allows both diagnosis and management of cervical and endometrial pathology. Improving Australian women's access to outpatient hysteroscopy would improve cost efficiency and allow women a quicker recovery, negating the need for a general anaesthetic. Increasing the Medicare renumeration for outpatient hysteroscopy could incentivise provision of outpatient hysteroscopy.AimWe sought to review the trend and current uptake of outpatient diagnostic hysteroscopy in Medicare Benefits Scheme (MBS)‐funded clinics within Australia.Materials and MethodsA retrospective review of Australian MBS data from 1 January 1993 to 31 December 2020.ResultsOver the past 27 years, 1 319 909 hysteroscopies have been claimed from Medicare in Australia, with 39 958 (3.1%) claimed as an outpatient diagnostic procedure. Australian outpatient diagnostic hysteroscopy MBS item number use peaked in 1994 (5871 cases) representing 18.2% of all hysteroscopies claimed through the MBS that year. Uptake of the outpatient hysteroscopy item number rapidly declined after 1994 and in 2010, it represented 0.8% of all hysteroscopies claimed (426 of 49 618) and has remained below <0.5% from 2010 to 2020.ConclusionsThe lower Medicare rebate and lack of recognition of the importance of outpatient hysteroscopy has likely been a driving factor in continuing inpatient hysteroscopy. Incentivised government funding has been successfully utilised in the UK to improve outpatient hysteroscopy access. This MBS data suggests that Australia has not progressed in outpatient hysteroscopy access and support a change in the current funding model to assist in supporting the uptake of outpatient access.
Open abdomen: is a dedicated emergency surgery team needed? A single center retrospective study on 141 consecutive patients
Authors: Marrano Enrico , Bunino Francesca , Del Zotto Giulio , Ceolin Martina , Mei Simona , Brocchi Andrea , Kurihara Hayato 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundOpen Abdomen (OA) is widely used when facing a catastrophic abdomen. Still, no indication is validated by a strong and high quality of evidence. The study reports the 5 year experience of a dedicated emergency general surgery (EGS) team.MethodsRetrospective observational cohort study. Patients undergoing OA management from 2/01/2015 to 19/07/2020 for trauma, non‐traumatic emergencies or rescue surgery.ResultsOne hundred and forty‐one patients. Age 66.9 ± 15.1. Male 58.2%.9.3% OA for trauma, 64.5% for non‐traumatic emergencies and 26.2% for rescue surgery. 40.4% performed by the EGS team 52.4% indication for surgery was a severe intra‐abdominal infection. TAC device: commercial negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) (83%), Sandwich VAC (12%), commercial NPWT with polypropylene mesh (5%) for pregressive fascial traction. Enteroatmospheric fistula (EAF) in 3 patients. OA duration 5.3 days (1–25). A 1.8 revision surgeries (0–12) required for definitive closure; ICU stay 9.9 days (0–78). 30‐day mortality 23.5%. Overall and 1‐year mortality were 47.5% and 43.3%. Overall survival 9.9 months. An increased one‐year mortality rate was found in the >65 group (P = 0.01).ConclusionsWe reported a wide use of OA in septic abdomen (90% of cases). We had a low rate of EAF, short ICU stay and OA duration. These results are related to the fact that patients were treated by a dedicated EGS team, suggesting that OA management should be cared for as much as possible by trained and experienced surgeons. Prospective studies with more accurate patient selection are needed to prove our conclusions.
Control, anxiety and test performance: Self‐reported and physiological indicators of anxiety as mediators
Authors: Roos Anna‐Lena , Goetz Thomas , Krannich Maike , Donker Monika , Bieleke Maik , Caltabiano Anna , Mainhard Tim 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated the role of different test anxiety components (affective, cognitive, motivational and physiological) as mediators between control and performance as proposed by Pekrun's control‐value theory (CVT). While all components were assessed via self‐report, the physiological component was additionally assessed via electrodermal activity (EDA).AimsWe examined the relative impact of the self‐reported anxiety components and EDA in this mediating mechanism to identify the most relevant assessment(s) (i.e., self‐reported anxiety components and/or EDA) for predicting test performance.SampleThe study comprised 50 eighth graders.MethodsData were collected during a mathematics test comprising six task blocks. State self‐reports of control and anxiety components along with test performance and other test emotions were collected block‐wise (i.e., repeated assessments within students). EDA was continuously recorded.ResultsConsistent with CVT, intra‐individual mediation analysis with multiple mediators revealed that higher control predicted lower anxiety (i.e., all self‐reported components). Unexpectedly, higher control was associated with increased EDA. Follow‐up analyses taking other test emotions into account suggested this might reflect positive activation. Correlations between EDA and control and self‐reported anxiety components differed depending on which test emotion was dominant in each situation. Regarding test performance, only the cognitive component was a significant mediator and thus seems to play a pivotal role in the relationship between control and performance.ConclusionsDistinguishing between anxiety components and including unbiased physiological measures improve our understanding of the mechanisms behind the relationship between test anxiety and performance. Higher physiological arousal may be a sign of anxiety but can also be a sign of positive activation. When aiming to reduce negative effects of anxiety on performance, targeting the cognitive component seems crucial. Implications of these findings for educational and psychological practice are discussed.
The role of the workplace in ethnic wage differentials
Authors: Forth John , Theodoropoulos Nikolaos , Bryson Alex 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUsing linked employer–employee data for Britain, we examine ethnic wage differentials among full‐time employees. We find substantial ethnic segregation across workplaces. However, this inter‐workplace segregation does not contribute to the aggregate wage penalty in Britain. Instead, most of the ethnic wage gap exists within the workplace, between observationally‐equivalent co‐workers. Lower pay satisfaction and higher levels of skill mismatch among ethnic minority workers are consistent with discrimination in wage‐setting on the part of employers. The presence of recognized trade unions and the use of job evaluation schemes within the workplace are associated with a smaller ethnic wage gap. These findings indicate that more attention should be placed on ensuring fairness in wage determination.
Before/after Bayes: A comparison of frequentist and Bayesian mixed‐effects models in applied psychological research
Authors: Flores Ronald D. , Sanders Christopher A. , Duan Sean X. , Bishop‐Chrzanowski Brittney M. , Oyler Danielle L. , Shim Hyejin , Clocksin Hayley E. , Miller Alex P. , Merkle Edgar C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBayesian methods are becoming increasingly used in applied psychological research. Previous researchers have thoroughly written about much of the details already, including the philosophy underlying Bayesian methods, computational issues associated with Bayesian model estimation, Bayesian model development and summary, and the role of Bayesian methods in the so‐called replication crisis. In this paper, we seek to provide case studies comparing the use of frequentist methods to the use of Bayesian methods in applied psychological research. These case studies are intended to ‘illustrate by example’ the ways that Bayesian modelling differs from frequentist modelling and the differing conclusions that one may arrive at using the two methods. The intended audience is applied psychological researchers who have been trained in the traditional frequentist framework, who are familiar with mixed‐effects models and who are curious about how statistical results might look in a Bayesian context. Along with our case studies, we provide general opinions and guidance on the use of Bayesian methods in applied psychological research.