bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practicable performance-based outcome measures of trunk muscle strength and their measurement properties: A systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Althobaiti Shouq , Rushton Alison , Aldahas Ahmad , Falla Deborah , Heneghan Nicola R. 
Published: June 2022

Introduction
The evaluation of muscle strength is frequently used as part of the physical examination process, with decreased trunk muscle strength reported in individuals with spinal disorders (e.g., low back pain). Access to practicable performance-based outcome measures (PBOM) to monitor patients’ progress in spinal rehabilitation is essential. Knowledge of the psychometric properties of the available practicable PBOM for trunk strength evaluation is therefore needed to inform practitioners and further research.

Objective
To synthesise evidence on the measurement properties of practicable measures of trunk muscle strength in adults with and without musculoskeletal pain.

Methods
Following a published and registered protocol [PROSPERO CRD42020167464], databases were searched from the database inception date up to 30th of June 2021. Citations and grey literature were also searched. Eligibility criteria comprised: 1) studies which examined the psychometric properties of the trunk strength outcome measures, 2) included adults ≥ 18 years, either asymptomatic or with spinal musculoskeletal pain. Non-English language studies were excluded. Two independent reviewers evaluated the quality and synthesized the data from included studies according to the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist. The overall quality of evidence was evaluated using a modified Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE).

Results
From 34 included studies, 15 different PBOMs were identified that have been investigated for reliability and validity, none evaluated responsiveness. In asymptomatic individuals, high quality evidence supports intra-rater reliability of digital-loading cells and moderate quality evidence supports the criterion validity of the hand-held dynamometer. Very low quality evidence exists for the reliability and validity estimates of testing tools among individuals with spinal pain.

Conclusions
Findings underpin a cautious recommendation for the use of practicable PROMs to evaluate muscle strength in individuals with spinal pain in clinical practice due to the level of evidence and the heterogeneity of the protocols used. Further high quality research to explore the psychometric properties of the practicable PBOMs with detailed methodology is now needed.
Implementation of Internship Program as A Form of MBKM Learning Activities in Improving Students' Competency
Authors: Farida Ida , Ardiansyah M. , Juwita Masayu Nila , Rinova Dora , Soewito Soewito 
Published: June 2022

In this era of rapid change, students are expected to be able to prepare themselves and continue to hone their abilities. Universities are also required to provide innovative learning processes so that they can help students develop optimal and relevant attitudes, knowledge, and skills. This study aims to describe: 1) Preparation for internships. 2) Implementation of the internship. 3) Evaluation of the Independent Learning Internship Program-Free Campus Public Administration Study Program, University of Bandar Lampung. 4) Reveal how the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka or commonly called the MBKM internship program improves student competence. Methods of data collection using interviews, observation and documentation. The data analysis method uses interactive analysis by means of data reduction-data presentation & data verification. The results of this study are: 1) Preparation for internships in the Administration study program is carried out well, students have carried out registration procedures according to the provisions, DPL (field supervisor) also provides debriefing for students before being deployed to partner locations. 2) The implementation of the internship program for students is in accordance with the guidelines for the Independent Learning Independent Campus internship guidebook. 3) Stakeholders (partners) and DPL provide a joint evaluation at the end of the program. 4) Implementation of the MBKM internship program strengthen student competencies.
Effect of Adding Combustion Air on Emission in a Diesel Dual-Fuel Engine with Crude Palm Oil Biodiesel Compressed Natural Gas Fuels
Authors: Yuvenda Dori , Sudarmanta Bambang , Wahjudi Arif , Hirowati Rozy Aini 
Published: June 2022

A diesel dual-fuel engine uses two fuels designed to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels. Generally, the specific fuel consumption of diesel dual-fuel engines has increased. However, in combination with alternative fuels, namely compressed natural gas injected through air intake, the use of diesel fuel can be reduced. However, using two fuels in a diesel dual-fuel engine increases the equivalent ratio; therefore, the air and fuel mixture becomes richer because the air entering the cylinder during the intake stroke is partially replaced by compressed natural gas. This results in incomplete combustion and increases exhaust emissions, particularly hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. This study aims to improve the combustion process in dual-fuel diesel engines by improving the air-fuel ratio; thus, it can approach the stoichiometric mixture by adding combustion air forcibly to produce complete combustion to reduce CO and HC emissions. An experimental approach using a single-cylinder diesel engine modified into a diesel dual-fuel engine powered by crude palm oil biodiesel and compressed natural gas was adopted. The combustion air was forcibly added to the cylinder using an electric supercharger at different air mass flow rates ranging from 0.007074 to 0.007836 kg/s and different engine loads (1000 to 4000 watts). The results indicated that adding more air to the cylinder could produce complete combustion, reducing the emission levels produced by a diesel dual-fuel engine. An air mass flow rate of 0.007836 kg/s can reduce CO, HC, and particulate matter emissions by averages of 60.55%, 49.63%, and 86.87%, respectively, from the standard diesel dual-fuel engine. Increasing in the amount of oxygen concentration improves the quality of the air-fuel ratio, which results in improved combustion and thereby reducing emissions.
The Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Teamwork Skills in Public Schools Principals
Authors: Fakhrou Abbulnaser A. , Moarbes Laba , Rjeily Christelle Abou , Essa Mohammed 
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to identify the level of emotional intelligence and its impact on the cooperative work skills of public school principals, as well as examining the levels of their cooperative work skills practices. And its relationship to gender variables, and administrative experience.
The study sample consisted of 53 public school principals, and the descriptive analytical approach was adopted in data collection, analysis and interpretation.
The results showed that school principals had moderate levels of emotional intelligence, with a decrease in the abilities of emotional awareness, assertiveness and public relations. The study also revealed an average level of cooperative work skills practice, with low levels of empowerment skills practice.
There are no statistically significant differences in the average emotional intelligence and the level of practice of cooperative work skills for the school principal due to the variables of gender and administrative experience. While there were statistically significant differences in the ability to adapt due to the gender variable for school principals. The results showed differences in the areas: the ability to withstand stress, control emotions, conflict resolution skills, communication and meeting management, attributed to the variable of administrative experience in favor of more experienced school principals.
The study confirmed the existence of a positive and moderate correlation between emotional intelligence and collaborative work skills.
Polarimetric techniques for the structural studies and diagnosis of brain
Authors: Rodríguez-Núñez Omar , Novikova Tatiana 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The polarimetric techniques are used in various biomedical applications for a non-contact and fast diagnosis of tissue that is known as optical biopsy approach. These optical modalities provide relevant information on micro-architecture of biological tissue and its alterations induced by different diseases, thus, helping in staging and precise delineation of the pathology zones. In this review, we summarize the work of different research groups on using polarized light for brain tissue studies. This includes the investigations of polarimetric properties of brain tissue (both scattering and optical anisotropy) for brain connectome reconstruction, the visualization of in-plane brain fiber tracts for brain tumor contrast enhancement during neurosurgery, and the histopathology analysis for disease staging in Alzheimer’s subjects. We discuss also further perspectives for the pre-clinical studies of brain with polarized light.
The Nietzschean Premise of Eliot’s Historical Sense
Authors: Brlek Tomislav 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNo critical concept has been more readily associated with the critical writings of T. S. Eliot than tradition, yet the reception of his views in this regard is one of misprision. The paper demonstrates that Eliot’s equally misunderstood notion of historical sense is compatible with, even derives from, Nietzsche’s understanding of the term, as both authors reject the substantialist idea of tradition in favour of the functional one. Since the latter rules out both an eternal essence of the object and a timeless point of view of the observer, the consequences of this genealogy, as a rule neglected or simply ignored by Eliot’s critics, for his concept of tradition in particular, and history in general, are of decisive import.
Applications of photonic crystal fibers in optical communication
Authors: Kiroriwal Monika , Singal Poonam 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Photonic crystal fiber is a category of optical fibers, getting great attention by its promise to offer a range of optical characteristics that are not achievable in conventional optical fibers. Engineered dispersion and nonlinear characteristics of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) make it an attractive candidate for nonlinear optics and advanced optical networking in the all-optical domain. An optical network consists of different optical components such as laser sources, amplifiers, regenerators, and convertors for proper signal transmission over long distances. In recent years, the performance of the components has been improving by employing the appealing properties of PCF. The PCF’s application on such components is discussed, and the simulated results on gain amplification, regeneration, conversion, fiber laser are reviewed. These developments reveal that the enhanced performance provided by PCF makes it suitable for different optics applications.
Ecolinguistics for and beyond the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Chau Meng Huat , Zhu Chenghao , Jacobs George M. , Delante Nimrod Lawson , Asmi Alfian , Ng Serena , John Sharon Santhia , Guo Qingli , Shunmugam Krishnavanie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article considers potential impacts the study of language, including ecolinguistics, can have on important real-world issues, and how linguists and others can involve themselves in addressing these issues for a sustainable future. The article is divided into two parts. The first part provides an illustrative study in which computer tools were utilized to investigate media reporting. The study examined the relative coverage of issues of basic human needs (food, clean water, and sanitation), which are part of the focus of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, and of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, in four major newspapers from Malaysia, Singapore, the UK and the US. Data were collected between November 1, 2019 to March 31, 2020 when the COVID-19 pandemic was in its early days in terms of worldwide attention. During that time period, the pandemic received far more coverage in those newspapers than did the other issues, even though basic human needs greatly outweighed the COVID-19 pandemic as to deaths and other forms of suffering at the time of data collection, not to mention the toll on human life in the many years before the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Reasons for this severe discrepancy were explored with insights from professionals working in the media and related sectors. The skewed distribution of media coverage, we argue, reflects a crisis of responsibility and values. The second part of the article serves to highlight how those of us in language studies can make a contribution to the wider discussion about, among other important concerns, the role and responsibility of media in shaping the public’s views and actions on issues that are at the heart of sustainable development, and how we can be more socially engaged. We conclude by arguing that ecolinguists have much to contribute to the sustainability of the world, which ultimately requires a respect for the entire ecological community.
Flexibility and evolution of cue weighting after a tonal split: an experimental field study on Tamang
Authors: Gao Jiayin , Mazaudon Martine 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe conducted a perception experiment in the field to examine the synchronic consequences of a tonal split in Risiangku Tamang (Tibeto-Burman). Proto-Tamang was a two-tone language with three series of plosives and two series of continuants. The merger of its continuants provoked a split of the original two tones into four, two high and two low, which combine pitch and phonation features. The quasi-merger of the voiced and voiceless plosives left sporadic remnants of initial plosive voicing in low tone syllables. A previous production study has shown that speakers use pitch and phonation features concomitantly to distinguish high from low tones, while producing initial plosive voicing only marginally with low tones. The present perception study establishes the preeminence of the pitch cue, but also confirms the effective use of the two older cues in tone identification. An apparent-time analysis shows the phonation cue to be less used by younger speakers, in keeping with the historical evolution. The use of the residual voicing of plosives, instead of decreasing with younger speakers, is shown to increase. This result could be explained by an increased contact of the young generation with Nepali, a toneless Indo-Aryan language with a four-way initial plosive contrast.
Active metal–graphene hybrid terahertz surface plasmon polaritons
Authors: Feng Mingming , Zhang Baoqing , Ling Haotian , Zhang Zihao , Wang Yiming , Wang Yilin , Zhang Xijian , Hua Pingrang , Wang Qingpu , Song Aimin , Zhang Yifei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are propagating electromagnetic surface waves with local electric field enhancement and nondiffraction limit at optical frequencies. At terahertz (THz) frequencies, a metal line with periodic grooves can mimic the optical SPPs with the same high cut-off response, which is referred to as designer SPPs. Here, by replacing metal grooves with graphene sheets, a novel active metal–graphene hybrid SPP device achieves significant phase modulation. Theoretically, the dispersion curves of THz SPPs are determined by the dimensions and periodicity of the grooves. Changing the chemical potential of graphene sweeps the effective groove depth, which correspondingly shifts the SPP cut-off frequency and modulates the slow-wave phase. A prototype device is fabricated and characterized under varying bias applied for graphene. The experiment demonstrates that the cut-off frequency red shifts from 200 to 177 GHz, and the phase variation is as large as 112° at 195 GHz under a low bias from −0.5 to 0.5 V. Simultaneously, the SPP transmittance is modulated by a factor of more than 3 dB from 140 to 177 GHz due to the graphene absorption. The proposed structure reveals a novel approach to study the nonreciprocal and topological SPPs with active modulation in the THz range.
An Integrated Zooarchaeological and Micromorphological Perspective on Midden Taphonomy at Late Neolithic Çatalhöyük
Authors: Pawłowska Kamilla , Shillito Lisa-Marie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The disposal of cultural material at Çatalhöyük, Turkey (7100–5950 cal BCE) has created substantial midden deposits between buildings and within abandoned houses. These consist of a variety of materials, including environmental remains such as eggshell, mollusks, seeds, phytoliths, charcoal, fecal material, along with artefacts including pottery, figurines, beads, and lithics. Animal bone and human bone also form a significant component. Understanding the taphonomy of these deposits and their formation processes is essential in order to interpret the activities represented. Here we present a taphonomic analysis of middens from the TP Area of the site (Late Neolithic, Final Phase), in terms of natural and cultural alterations to bone, through a combination of zooarchaeological analysis, with micromorphological analysis of associated sedimentary contexts. Comparisons with studies of the earlier middens enable us to account for post-depositional processes, and the implications they have for interpreting past activities and waste management practices. Integrating sediment micromorphological analysis enables refinement of the taphonomic interpretations from the analysis of faunal remains and highlights the advantages of a multi-proxy approach.
Optimization of hydrogen supply from renewable electricity including cavern storage
Authors: Wassermann Timo , Mühlenbrock Henry , Kenkel Philipp , Thöming Jorg , Zondervan Edwin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The present study introduces a methodology to model electricity based hydrogen supply systems as a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem. The novelty of the presented approach lies especially in the linear formulations of the models for electrolysis and salt cavern storage. The proposed linear electrolysis model allows for an accurate consideration of operating limits and operating point-specific efficiencies, while the two-dimensional cavern model treats the cavern volume as a decision variable. The developed formulations are implemented in the open energy modeling framework (oemof) and applied to representative case studies with 2020 marginal conditions. Thereby, it has been confirmed that the individual consideration of power supply and hydrogen demand is crucial for optimal system design and operation. If electricity is drawn exclusively from the German grid, hydrogen costs of 2.67

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are identified along with an increased CO2 footprint compared to natural gas based hydrogen. By contrast, a significantly reduced CO2 footprint results from autarkic wind power supply at costs of at least 4.28

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. Further findings on autarkic operation include optimal ratios of electrolyzer and wind farm nominal power, as well as power curtailment strategies. Evidence is provided that salt cavern interim storage is beneficial. With grid connection, it serves to exploit electricity price fluctuations, while with renewable autarkic operation, it is essential to compensate for seasonal fluctuations in generation.
Power to the city: Assessing the rooftop solar photovoltaic potential in multiple cities of Ecuador
Authors: Tapia Mariela , Ramos Leonard , Heinemann Detlev , Zondervan Edwin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Solar energy plays a crucial role in helping cities to decentralize energy production and thus decarbonize the energy mix. Reliable resource assessments are needed to support the deployment of solar power systems, especially in cities of developing countries where large solar potential remains untapped. The aim of this work is to assess the potential of rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) in three populated cities in Ecuador’s mainland (Quito, Guayaquil and Cuenca) and in the Galapagos Islands. The assessment involves (i) the estimation of the available rooftop area based on geographic information system data, (ii) the calculation of energy yield based on hourly satellite-derived irradiance and meteorological data, and (iii) the economic feasibility assessment in terms of levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) compared to representative electricity tariffs. In addition, a sensitivity analysis is carried out to assess the variability of the estimated technical and economic potential with respect to changes in the input parameters. The results reveal a total available rooftop area of about 144 km2, mainly concentrated in urban parishes. The estimated energy yield is 16.94 ± 3.38 TWh/a, which could cover almost twice the annual energy consumption in 2019 of the study areas. The economic assessment shows that the LCOE ranges between 7.65 and 21.12 USD cents/kWh. However, the comparison of LCOE against representative residential tariff suggests that rooftop PV technology is not cost-competitive under most of the financial scenarios. The findings from this study will be of interest for local authorities and other decision makers to design policies and financing strategies to increase the penetration of rooftop PV and thus exploiting the large potential assessed in the study areas. The described methodology can be used for assessing the potential in other regions of Ecuador and thereby support the diversification and decarbonization of the energy mix in the country.
Postnatal Development of Projections of the Postrhinal Cortex to the Entorhinal Cortex in the Rat
Authors: Lagartos-Donate Maria Jose , Doan Thanh Pierre , Girão Paulo J. B. , Witter Menno P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe ability to encode and retrieve contextual information is an inherent feature of episodic memory that starts to develop during childhood. The postrhinal cortex (POR), an area of the parahippocampal region (PHR), has a crucial role in encoding object-space information and translating egocentric to allocentric representation of local space. The strong connectivity of POR with the adjacent entorhinal cortex (EC), and consequently the hippocampus, suggests that the development of these connections could support the postnatal development of contextual memory. Here, we report that POR projections of the rat develop progressively from the first to the third postnatal week starting in the medial EC (MEC) before spreading to the lateral EC (LEC). The increased spread and complexity of postrhinal axonal distributions is accompanied by an increased complexity of entorhinal dendritic trees and an increase of postrhinal-entorhinal synapses, which supports a gradual maturation in functional activity.