bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conformational control of two-dimensional gold nanoparticle arrays in a confined geometry within a vesicular wall
Authors: Jang Jong Dae , Seo Hyuk-Jin , Yoon Young-Jin , Choi Soo-Hyung , Han Young Soo , Kim Tae-Hwan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe two-dimensional (2D) assembly of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in a confined geometry is a rare phenomenon that has not been experimentally verified for complex systems. In this study, this process was investigated in detail using two types of block copolymers with hydrophobic and hydrophilic blocks and a series of AuNPs of three different sizes protected by hydrophobic ligands. In aqueous solutions, the selected block copolymers self-assembled into vesicular nanostructures with a hydrophobic domain in the wall, which functions as a confined geometrical space for hydrophobic AuNPs (i.e., it exerts a confinement effect and restricts the movement of AuNPs). Small-angle X-ray scattering studies revealed that AuNPs of different sizes assembled differently in the same confined geometry of the vesicular wall. In addition, optimal conditions for the formation of a regular NP array in the hydrophobic domain were determined. The AuNPs successfully self-assembled into a regular 2D lattice structure, forming a shell around the vesicle, when their size matched the thickness of the hydrophobic domain of the vesicular nanostructure. This study provides guidelines for the fabrication of nanoparticle arrays with controlled structures, which could enhance the functionality of materials and their physical properties.
Whole-brain white matter correlates of personality profiles predictive of subjective well-being
Authors: Kotikalapudi Raviteja , Dricu Mihai , Moser Dominik Andreas , Aue Tatjana 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe investigated the white matter correlates of personality profiles predictive of subjective well-being. Using principal component analysis to first determine the possible personality profiles onto which core personality measures would load, we subsequently searched for whole-brain white matter correlations with these profiles. We found three personality profiles that correlated with the integrity of white matter tracts. The correlates of an “optimistic” personality profile suggest (a) an intricate network for self-referential processing that helps regulate negative affect and maintain a positive outlook on life, (b) a sustained capacity for visually tracking rewards in the environment and (c) a motor readiness to act upon the conviction that desired rewards are imminent. The correlates of a “short-term approach behavior” profile was indicative of minimal loss of integrity in white matter tracts supportive of lifting certain behavioral barriers, possibly allowing individuals to act more outgoing and carefree in approaching people and rewards. Lastly, a “long-term approach behavior” profile’s association with white matter tracts suggests lowered sensitivity to transient updates of stimulus-based associations of rewards and setbacks, thus facilitating the successful long-term pursuit of goals. Together, our findings yield convincing evidence that subjective well-being has its manifestations in the brain.
Zinc complex of 3,5-di-tert-butyl salicylate inhibits viability, migration, and invasion in triple-negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Chen Heng , Wang Dong , Fan Limei , Liu Zixin , Zhang Weiran , Xu Jinhua , Liu Yunyi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe zinc complex of 3,5-di-tert-butyl salicylate (Zn{[CH3)3C]2Sal}22−) is a zinc ion chelate of salicylate. In this study, we found that this compound inhibits viability, invasion, and migration and induces apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer 4T1 cells. RNA-seq showed that the expression of 17 genes was upregulated and 26 genes were downregulated significantly by Zn{[CH3)3C]2Sal}22− treatment. Further GO and KEGG analysis showed that the activity of Zn{[CH3)3C]2Sal}22− against triple-negative breast cancer cells may be involved in the JAK-STAT3, HIF-1, and TNF signaling pathways. The expression of key genes was verified by RT–PCR. The phosphorylation of STAT3 and its upstream SRC decreased drastically upon Zn{[CH3)3C]2Sal}22− treatment, as demonstrated by western blot. Our results indicate that Zn{[CH3)3C]2Sal}22− inhibits the activity of TNBC cells by downregulating the STAT3 signaling through the SRC pathway.
Galvanic corrosion protection of Al-alloy in contact with carbon fibre reinforced polymer through plasma electrolytic oxidation treatment
Authors: Liu Junyi , Huang Xiaohu , Ren Yi , Wong Lai Mun , Liu Hongfei , Wang Shijie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAl-alloy/carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) joint systems offer exceptionally lightweight, superior fatigue behaviour and impact resistance for aerospace applications. Nevertheless, the galvanic corrosion at the joint interfaces accelerates the adhesive failure and strength damage. In this work, oxidation of Al 7075 alloy was studied by employing plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) and thin film sulphuric acid anodizing (TFSAA) methods, addressing their galvanic corrosion (GC) protection performance in contact with CFRP. Structural and electrochemical characterisations were carried out in tandem with varied oxidation process parameters, revealing that high voltage PEO resulted in crystallized compact ceramic coating and thus improved GC protection. A decrease in the GC current by ~ 90% has been achieved by using the PEO coating at 700 V compared with the ~ 12% current reduction of commercial TFSAA coating. Further microstructure studies revealed that the improved GC protection of the crystallized PEO coating was realized by suppressing the initiation and propagation of localized pitting due to the improved electrical isolation between the Al-alloy/CFRP interfaces. A high voltage PEO process provides sufficient energy to produce uniform and crystalline ceramic coating consisting of Al2O3and mullite, which give rise to improved corrosion protection.
All-optical matter-wave lens using time-averaged potentials
Authors: Albers Henning , Corgier Robin , Herbst Alexander , Rajagopalan Ashwin , Schubert Christian , Vogt Christian , Woltmann Marian , Lämmerzahl Claus , Herrmann Sven , Charron Eric , Ertmer Wofgang , Rasel Ernst M. , Gaaloul Naceur , Schlippert Dennis 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe precision of matter-wave sensors benefits from interrogating large-particle-number atomic ensembles at high cycle rates. Quantum-degenerate gases with their low effective temperatures allow for constraining systematic errors towards highest accuracy, but their production by evaporative cooling is costly with regard to both atom number and cycle rate. In this work, we report on the creation of cold matter-waves using a crossed optical dipole trap and shaping them by means of an all-optical matter-wave lens. We demonstrate the trade off between lowering the residual kinetic energy and increasing the atom number by reducing the duration of evaporative cooling and estimate the corresponding performance gain in matter-wave sensors. Our method is implemented using time-averaged optical potentials and hence easily applicable in optical dipole trapping setups.
Online topology‐based voltage regulation: A computational performance enhanced algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Xu Peng , Wang Beibei , Zhang Yue , Zhu Hong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe increasing use of distributed generation (DG) in power systems can result in frequent online voltage problems. In scenarios in which substantial DG prediction errors occur because of high DG accommodation levels, traditional technical solutions cannot meet the online voltage regulation requirements. Hence, new resources for online voltage regulation are needed. Here, flexible network reconfiguration is proposed to coordinate with the existing resources for severe online voltage deviations. For online topology‐based voltage regulation (OTVR), the authors develop a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm based on the following specially designed modelling to enhance the computational performance. The mechanism of action incorporates the concepts of local research, branch exchange, and action separation, and it effectively simplifies the action dimension and action space. In addition, for the graph data in OTVR, a graph convolution network (GCN) is applied to obtain better feature extraction. Case studies performed on IEEE 14‐bus, 33‐bus, 141‐bus systems and a practical system verify that our proposed algorithm can obtain close to optimal solutions in 2 s which can meet the needs of online voltage regulation. Moreover, we verify that the developed OTVR effectively increases DG penetration and decreases the need for investment in additional regulating devices.
Short-term variability of DS Tucanae A observed with TESS
Authors: Colombo S. , Petralia A. , Micela G. 
Published: March 2022

Context. Impulsive short-term variations occur in all kinds of solar-type stars and are the result of complex phenomena such as stellar magnetic field reconnection, low-level variability, or in some cases even star-planet interactions. The radiation arising from these events is often highly energetic and, in stars hosting planets, may interact with the planetary atmospheres. Studying the rate of these energetic phenomena is fundamental to understanding their role in modifying the chemical composition or, in some extreme cases, the disruption of the planetary atmospheres.
Aims. Here, we present a new procedure developed to identify the impulsive events in Transit Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) light curves. Our goal is to produce a simple and effective tool with which to study the short-term activity of a star using only its light curve in order to derive the distribution and energy of short-term variations. As our first case, we studied the system DS Tuc.
Methods. Our technique consists of fitting the TESS light curves using iteratively Gaussian processes in order to remove all the longterm stellar activity contributions. We then identify the impulsive events and derive amplitudes, timescales, and the amount of energy emitted.
Results. We validate our procedure using the AU Mic TESS light curves, obtaining results consistent with those presented in the literature. We estimate the frequency distribution of energetic events for DS Tuc. In particular, we find that there are approximately two events per day with energy greater than 2 × 1032 erg. We find evidence for a favoured stellar phase for short-term activity on AU Mic, and also indications of short-term activity in phase with the planetary orbit. For DS Tuc, we find that the event distribution is not equally spaced in time but often grouped. The resulting distribution may be used to estimate the impact of short-term variability on planetary atmosphere chemical compositions.
Flare echoes from relaxation shocks in perturbed relativistic jets
Authors: Fichet de Clairfontaine G. , Meliani Z. , Zech A. 
Published: March 2022

Context. One of the main scenarios to account for the multiwavelength flux variability observed in relativistic jets of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is based on the diffusive shock acceleration of a population of relativistic electrons on internal shocks of various origins. Any complete AGN emission scenario has to be able to explain the wide range of observed variability timescales, which change over several orders of magnitude between the radio and gamma-ray band. In addition to observations of flux variability, constraints are also provided by very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI), which shows a large variety of moving and standing emission zones with distinct behaviors.
Aims. Combining dynamic hydrodynamic jet simulations with radiative transfer, we aim to characterize the evolution of stationary and moving emission zones in the jet and study their multiwavelength signatures through emission maps and light curves. We focus our study on flare events that occur during strong interactions between moving ejecta and stationary recollimation shocks. Such events are shown to lead to a significant perturbation of the stationary jet structure.
Methods. We simulate relativistic jets with the magneto-hydrodynamic code MPI-AMRVAC and inject nonthermal particle distributions of electrons into shock regions. We follow the propagation of a moving shock and its interactions with a structure of standing recollimation shocks in the jet. Synchrotron emission and radiative transfer are calculated in the post-processing code RIPTIDE for given observation angles and frequencies, assuming a turbulent magnetic field and taking the light crossing effect into account.
Results. In the case of strong shock–shock interactions, we demonstrate the appearance of trailing components behind the leading moving shock. The latter destabilizes the jet, causing the emergence of oscillating standing shocks and relaxation shocks. Emissions from these regions can dominate the overall flux or lead to “flare echoes” in the light curve. Another observational marker for the presence of relaxation shocks appears in time-distance plots of bright VLBI components of the jet. Our scenario provides a plausible explanation for radio VLBI observations of the radio galaxy 3C 111, where trailing components were observed during a radio outburst event in 1997, and may be applicable to other sources with similar features.
A Numerical Algorithm for Arbitrary Real-Order Hankel Transform
Authors: YANG Yonglin , LI Xing , DING Shenghu , WANG Wenshuai 
Published: March 2022

The Hankel transform is widely used to solve various engineering and physics problems, such as the representation of electromagnetic field components in the medium, the representation of dynamic stress intensity factors, vibration of axisymmetric infinite membrane and displacement intensity factors which all involve this type of integration. However, traditional numerical integration algorithms cannot be used due to the high oscillation characteristics of the Bessel function, so it is particularly important to propose a high precision and efficient numerical algorithm for calculating the integral of high oscillation. In this paper, the improved Gaver-Stehfest (G-S) inverse Laplace transform method for arbitrary real-order Bessel function integration is presented by using the asymptotic characteristics of the Bessel function and the accumulation of integration, and the optimized G-S coefficients are given. The effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by numerical examples. Compared with the linear transformation accelerated convergence algorithm, it shows that the G-S inverse Laplace transform method is suitable for arbitrary real order Hankel transform, and the time consumption is relatively stable and short, which provides a reliable calculation method for the study of electromagnetic mechanics, wave propagation, and fracture dynamics.
Ein-Jahres-Verlauf geriatrischer Rehabilitations-Kandidaten mit und
ohne Ambulante Geriatrische Rehabilitative Versorgung (AGRV)
Authors: Krupp Sonja , Jennifer Kasper , Balck Friedrich , Lammich Justus , Willkomm Martin 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Die multizentrische, prospektive, kontrollierte
Kohortenstudie untersucht, ob sich geriatrische Patienten mit bzw. ohne
Teilnahme an der Ambulanten Geriatrischen Rehabilitativen Versorgung (AGRV) in
Schleswig-Holstein in den Merkmalen Selbstständigkeit,
Mobilität, Schmerzintensität, Lebensqualität,
Unterstützungsbedarf, Änderung des Wohnortes oder
Inanspruchnahme von Krankenhausbehandlung und Heilmitteltherapie im Verlauf
eines Jahres unterscheiden.
Methodik Patienten, bei denen von Geriatern die Indikation zu AGRV an
fünf Standorten gestellt worden war, wurden zwischen Mai 2013 und April
2016 viermal innerhalb eines Jahres telefonisch befragt. Die Daten wurden sowohl
hinsichtlich des Verlaufs innerhalb der Gruppen als auch unter dem Aspekt der
unterschiedlichen medizinischen Versorgungsform (AGRV erfolgt/nicht
erfolgt) analysiert.
Ergebnisse Am Anfang und im zweiten Halbjahr des Untersuchungszeitraums
unterschieden sich die beiden Gruppen (122 Personen ohne AGRV, 283 mit
mindestens 15 Tagen AGRV) (in keinem der Outcome-Parameter signifikant, die
Nullhypothese (kein Unterschied zwischen den Gruppen im Barthel-Index nach einem
Jahr) wurde angenommen. Patienten mit AGRV erreichten schneller Fortschritte in
Bezug auf ihre Mobilität und Lebensqualität.
Schlussfolgerung AGRV ermöglicht vielen Rehabilitanden eine
raschere Verbesserung der Mobilität. Wenn die Geschwindigkeit der
Therapieziel-Erreichung von untergeordneter Bedeutung ist, reicht ambulante
Physio- und Ergotherapie bei vielen Patienten aus. Der Barthel-Index ist
für die Verlaufsbeobachtung von AGRV-Kandidaten nur bedingt
geeignet.
Time-Dependent Anti-inflammatory Effects of a Lipid Extract from
Macrocystis pyrifera on Toll-Like Receptor 2 Signaling in Human THP-1
Monocytes
Authors: Kok Jamie Mei Lin , Dowd Georgina , Cabral Jaydee , Wise Lyn 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSeaweeds reportedly contain anti-inflammatory compounds; however, little is known
about the therapeutic potential of Macrocystis pyrifera. This study
investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of a methanol:chloroform extract,
chromatographic fractions, and fatty acids identified from M. pyrifera
(Linnaeus) C. Agardh. In human THP-1 monocytes stimulated with the Toll-like
receptor 2 agonist lipoteichoic acid, the extract decreased mRNA and protein
levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-8, and monocyte
chemoattractant protein-1 to varied degrees at nontoxic concentrations. The
greatest anti-inflammatory effects were elicited when the extract was applied
between 6 h prior to, and 6 h after, the stimuli. Reduced levels
of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells signaling
proteins were observed in extract-treated cells, with a significant decrease in
the myeloid differentiation factor 88 protein abundance relative to stimulated
THP-1 cells. Chromatographic fractionation of the extract yielded 40 fractions,
of which fraction F25 exhibited the greatest inhibition of monocyte
chemoattractant protein-1 production in activated THP-1 cells. Fatty acids
abundant within the extract and F25 were identified then tested, individually
and in combination, for their anti-inflammatory effects. Myristic acid,
palmitoleic acid, and α-linolenic acid, but not the fatty acid
combination, inhibited lipoteichoic acid-stimulated monocyte chemoattractant
protein-1 production without compromising THP-1 cell viability. These findings
indicate that the fatty acid-rich extract and fraction from M. pyrifera
provide anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects that may be beneficial for
use as a therapeutic.
Antiapoptotic Effects of Hydroxychloroquine on Hypoxic–Ischemic Injury in Neonatal Rat Brain: May Hydroxychloroquine Be an Adjuvant Theraphy?
Authors: Tepe Tugay , Satar Mehmet , Yildizdas Hacer Yapicioglu , Ozdemir Mustafa , Ozlu Ferda , Erdogan Seyda , Toyran Tugba , Akillioglu Kubra 
Published: March 2022

Objective Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has immunomodulatory, antithrombotic, cardiovascular, antimicrobial, and antineoplastic effects. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antiapoptotic and immunomodulator effects of intraperitoneal HCQ on hypoxic–ischemic (HI) injury in newborn rats.
Study Design Wistar albino rats, 7 to 10 days old, were randomly divided into three groups: hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) group, HIE treated with HCQ group, and Sham group. Left common carotid artery ligation and hypoxia model were performed in HIE and HCQ groups. The HCQ group was treated with 80 mg/kg intraperitoneal HCQ every 24 hours for 3 days, while Sham and HIE groups were given physiological saline. After 72 hours, rats were decapitated and brain tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, TUNEL, and IL-1β for histopathological grading and neuronal cell injury.
Results Neuronal apoptosis was statistically lower in all neuroanatomical areas in the HCQ group compared with the HIE group. IL-1β-stained areas were similar in both HCQ and HIE groups but significantly higher compared with the Sham group. Histopathological grading scores were found to be lower in the HCQ group on the left parietal cortex and hippocampus region.
Conclusion In this study, we have shown for the first time that HCQ treatment decreased apoptosis in HI newborn rat model in both hemispheres. HCQ may be a promising adjuvant therapy in neonatal HIE.
Key Points
Eight-Step Asymmetric Synthesis of (–)-Berkelic Acid
Authors: Cheng Hong-Gang , Zhou Qianghui , Yang Zhenjie , Chen Ruiming , Cao Liming , Wei Qiang , Wang Qingqing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe herein report an eight-step asymmetric synthesis of (–)-berkelic acid. This work features a sequential Catellani-type reaction/oxa-Michael addition with epoxides as dual-functionalized alkylating reagents for synthesizing the isochroman framework, a one-pot, acid-catalyzed deprotection/spiroacetalization process for the construction of a tetracyclic core intermediate, and a late-stage Ni-catalyzed reductive coupling reaction for the installation of the side chain. Remarkably, during the deprotection/spiroacetalization process, four new stereocenters are created with high stereocontrol from a single existing chiral center.
Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Protocol to Improve Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Postcesarean Pain Management
Authors: Felder Laura , Cao Connie D. , Konys Casey , Weerasooriya Nimali , Mercier Rebecca , Berghella Vincenzo , Dayaratna Sandra 
Published: March 2022

Objective The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol and determine its effect on racial/ethnic disparities in postcesarean pain management.
Study Design We performed an institutional review board-approved retrospective cohort study of scheduled cesarean deliveries before and after ERAS implementation at a single urban academic institution. Pre-ERAS, all analgesic medications were given postoperatively on patient request. The ERAS protocol included preoperative acetaminophen and celecoxib. Postoperatively, patients received scheduled nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acetaminophen. Oral oxycodone was available as needed, and opioid patient-controlled analgesia was eliminated from the standard order set. The primary outcome was total opioid use in the first 48 hours after cesarean, pre- and post-ERAS, reported in total milliequivalents of intravenous morphine (MME). A secondary analysis of opioid use and pain scores by racial groups was also performed. Chi-square, independent t-tests, analysis of variance, Mann–Whitney U, and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used depending on variable and data normality.
Results Pre-ERAS and post-ERAS groups included 100 women each. Post-ERAS, total opioid use in 48 hours was less (40.8 vs. 8.6 MME, p < 0.001) and visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores were lower on postoperative day 1 (POD1) and 2 (POD2) (POD1 maximum at rest: 6.7 vs. 5.3, p < 0.001). Pre-ERAS pain scores differed by race with non-Hispanic Black (NHB) patients reporting the highest mean and max VAS pain scores POD1 and POD2 (POD1, maximum VAS at rest: NHB—7.4, non-Hispanic White—6.6, Hispanic—5.8, Asian—4.4, p = 0.006). Post-ERAS, there were no differences in postoperative pain scores between groups with movement on POD1 and POD2.
Conclusion A standardized ERAS protocol for postcesarean pain decreases opioid use and may improve some racial disparities in postcesarean pain control.
Key Points