bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Information and Educational Investment—Nudging Remedial Math Course Participation
Authors: Brade Raphael 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Using field experiments, I investigate if provision of (social) information can increase incoming university students' attendance in a voluntary remedial math course. In Intervention 1, treated students receive an invitation letter with or without information about a past sign-up rate for the course. In Intervention 2, among those who signed up for the course, treated students receive reminder letters including or excluding information on how helpful the course had been evaluated by previous students. On average, no treatment increases participation in the course, but further analyses reveal that the effects in Intervention 1 are heterogeneous along two dimensions: First, suggesting salience as a mechanism, both types of information raise attendance among students who enroll late in their study program, which in turn increases their first-year performance and closes the achievement gap to early enrollees. Second, the effect of the letter with information about the past sign-up rate depends on the predicted ex-ante sign-up probability. Students whose probability falls just short of the past sign-up rate increase sign-up and participation, while the opposite is true for students whose sign-up probability exceeds the social information. Along this dimension, however, the changes in attendance do not carry over to academic achievements.
Compositional Generalization in Multilingual Semantic Parsing over Wikidata
Authors: Cui Ruixiang , Aralikatte Rahul , Lent Heather , Hershcovich Daniel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSemantic parsing (SP) allows humans to leverage vast knowledge resources through natural interaction. However, parsers are mostly designed for and evaluated on English resources, such as CFQ (Keysers et al., 2020), the current standard benchmark based on English data generated from grammar rules and oriented towards Freebase, an outdated knowledge base. We propose a method for creating a multilingual, parallel dataset of question-query pairs, grounded in Wikidata. We introduce such a dataset, which we call Multilingual Compositional Wikidata Questions (MCWQ), and use it to analyze the compositional generalization of semantic parsers in Hebrew, Kannada, Chinese, and English. While within- language generalization is comparable across languages, experiments on zero-shot cross- lingual transfer demonstrate that cross-lingual compositional generalization fails, even with state-of-the-art pretrained multilingual encoders. Furthermore, our methodology, dataset, and results will facilitate future research on SP in more realistic and diverse settings than has been possible with existing resources.
Hybrid Neural Network Models for Postprocessing Medium-Range Forecasts of Tropical Cyclone Tracks over the Western North Pacific
Authors: Cheung Hung Ming , Ho Chang-Hoi , Chang Minhee 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tropical cyclone (TC) track forecasts derived from dynamical models inherit their errors. In this study, a neural network (NN) algorithm was proposed for postprocessing TC tracks predicted by the Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) for lead times of 2, 4, 5, and 6 days over the western North Pacific. The hybrid NN is a combination of three NN classes: 1) convolutional NN that extracts spatial features from GEFS fields; 2) multilayer perceptron, which processes TC positions predicted by GEFS; and 3) recurrent NN that handles information from previous time steps. A dataset of 204 TCs (6744 samples), which were formed from 1985 to 2019 (June–October) and survived for at least six days, was separated into various track patterns. TCs in each track pattern were distributed uniformly to validation and test dataset, in which each contained 10% TCs of the entire dataset, and the remaining 80% were allocated to the training dataset. Two NN architectures were developed, with and without a shortcut connection. Feature selection and hyperparameter tuning were performed to improve model performance. The results present that mean track error and dispersion could be reduced, particularly with the shortcut connection, which also corrected the systematic speed and direction bias of GEFS. Although a reduction in mean track error was not achieved by the NNs for every forecast lead time, improvement can be foreseen upon calibration for reducing overfitting, and the performance encourages further development in the present application.
Association of Serum γ-Glutamyltransferase With C-Reactive Protein Levels in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: He Yuanyuan , Huang Mengnan , Li Zhu , Cheng Qi , Liu Yijia , Xue Xiaoxue , Xu Yilan , Zheng Yanchao , Li Lin , Gao Shan , Yu Chunquan 
Published: September 2022

Serum γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) levels have been shown to be associated with C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Nevertheless, studies on this relationship in coronary heart disease (CHD) populations are limited. This study retrospectively assessed 17 523 patients with CHD undergoing GGT and CRP testing. They were divided into 3 groups according to GGT tertiles. The critical points for high CRP levels was 10.0 mg/L, which corresponded to the 75th percentile. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between GGT and CRP levels in CHD patients. The baseline analysis showed significant differences in related parameters among patients with CHD. Compared with GGT tertile 1 (T1), the odds ratio (OR) of T3 for GGT in CHD patients was 2.15 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.96–2.36). The association between GGT and CRP was higher in males (OR: 2.23; 95% CI: 1.98–2.52) than in females (OR: 2.18; 95% CI: 1.89–2.51). This study showed an association between serum GGT and CRP levels in patients with CHD. GGT may be an inflammatory marker and an additional measure for assessing cardiovascular risk.
Detailed Photophysical Studies of Poly(9,9-di-(2-ethylhexyl)-9-H-fluorene-2,7-vinylene) in Liquid Media and Thin Films
Authors: Khatun Rijia , Majhi Koushik , Sinha Subrata 
Published: September 2022

For the present work, solvent (toluene, o-xylene, chloroform, chlorobenzene, and 1,2-dichloroethane) and concentration-dependent (∼10−6–10−3 g ml−1) photophysical properties of poly(9,9-di-(2-ethylhexyl)-9-H-fluorene-2,7-vinylene) (PEFV) were investigated in detail in liquid media as well as thin films. Also, temperature-dependent (3–60 oC) fluorescence emission measurements of PEFV were conducted in liquid media. The steady-state and time-resolved data indicate the existence of weak interchain interaction in liquid media at high concentration. However, both ground-state aggregation and interchain interaction are present for PEFV in thin film. The interchain interaction plays a dominant role on the fluorescence emission of PEFV in thin film on the red side of the spectra.
Maternal-child overweight relationship, assessment of maternal perception of child weight status and feeding behaviours
Authors: Khatamnejad Mozhgan , Akhlaghi Masoumeh 
Published: September 2022

Background Parents play a key role in constructing children’ behaviours. We studies maternal-child overweight relationship and compared maternal perception of child weight status and feeding behaviours between groups of normal-weight and overweight children. Methods The cross-sectional study was conducted on 192 girls aged 10–13 years and their mothers. They were divided to two groups of overweight (n = 94) and normal-weight (n = 98) children. Anthropometric characteristics were measured for children and mothers. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between child overweight and tertiles of maternal body mass index (BMI). Maternal perception of child's weight status and her engagement in promoting child's healthy behaviours was assessed. Results BMI and waist circumference was significantly higher in children (P < 0.001) and mothers (P < 0.01) of overweight compared to normal-weight group. There was a significant relationship between children's overweight and tertiles of maternal BMI, which remained significant after adjusting for potential confounders. Mothers of overweight children were more concerned for their child's overeating and overweight, and for compelling the child to diet to maintain a desirable weight (P < 0.001). In contrast, mothers of normal-weight children restricted sugar-sweetened drinks (P = 0.008), offered fruit and vegetables (P = 0.035), and helped their children to get enough physical activity (P = 0.022) and night sleep (P = 0.001) more than mothers in other group. Conclusions This study showed a strong relationship between children and mothers’ overweight. Despite being more concerned about their child weight status, mothers of overweight children reported behaviours which were less encouraging the children for healthy eating and lifestyle than mothers of normal-weight children.
Investigation of combined effects of propyl paraben and methyl paraben on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in male rats
Authors: İnkaya Eda Nur , Barlas Nurhayat 
Published: September 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the endocrine-disrupting effects of methyl paraben (MeP) and propyl paraben (PrP) mixture on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA). In this study, six experimental groups were designated. These groups included three control groups (control, corn oil control, and positive control (50 mg/kg/day BPA)) and three dose groups (10, 100, and 500 mg/kg/day MeP+PrP). MeP with PrP were mixed in a 1:1 ratio and administered to the 42-day-old male rats by oral gavage for 30 days. At the end of the experiment, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone and aldosterone hormones were analyzed in serum. Effects of MeP+PrP on the adrenal glands were investigated by immunohistochemical staining of 11ß hydroxylase (CYP11B1) and aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) enzymes involved in the synthesis steps of corticosterone and aldosterone. Also, pituitary and adrenal glands were examined histopathologically. In the histopathological findings, cortical nodule, congestion, and edema were found in the tissues. In the pituitary gland, cytokeratin rings were detected in all MeP+PrP dose groups, supporting the increase of corticosterone and ACTH. Serum corticosterone, aldosterone, and ACTH hormone levels were increased in the 100 mg/kg/day MeP+PrP and BPA groups. Results obtained from immunohistochemical staining showed that increased staining parallelled increased corticosterone and aldosterone hormone levels. In summary, the results showed that exposure to the MeP+PrP mixture caused a significant increase in ACTH and corticosterone. Also, the MeP+PrP mixture caused a significant increase of CYP11B1 and CYP11B2. MeP+PrP exposure disrupts the normal HPA axis.
Campus Information Sharing and Responses to Sexual Misconduct Violations: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Shields Ryan T. , Tabachnick Joan , Becker Laurie T. 
Published: September 2022

Recent years have seen growing public interest in how college and university administrators respond to sexual misconduct. Despite policy changes in this area, minimal research exists on how institutions of higher education (IHEs) are sharing and processing information about students found responsible for sexual misconduct. Aiming to establish some of the key questions and parameters in this line of research, this practitioner–researcher collaboration offers a first look at how IHEs share information about students who have been found responsible both within their campus and between campuses, as well as how IHEs respond when that information is shared (e.g., admitting a student applicant who has been previously sanctioned for a sexual misconduct violation). Practitioners designed and disseminated a questionnaire to campus administrators, including Title IX coordinators and student conduct administrators, via higher education association listservs. Exploratory results from 176 participants showed that 80% reported having some form of policy regarding sharing information within their institution, while approximately half have policies regarding sharing information to other IHEs regarding students found responsible of sexual misconduct. Nearly one-third of participants reported that their IHEs are engaging in campus information sharing through the use of transcript notation. In terms of IHEs receiving information about student applicants having been previously sanctioned for a sexual misconduct violation, approximately one-fourth of participants indicated their IHE has chosen not to accept a student for this reason within the past 5 years, and a quarter of IHEs have accepted such students. For those IHEs that have accepted a student previously found responsible, the majority of IHEs are not following the outcomes of these students, indicating an unknown in terms of whether information sharing policies were effective. As a result, preliminary findings suggest that more evaluation research is needed before any further policies are mandated.
Intersecting Early-Life Selection Mechanisms: Socio-Historical Changes in Racially Stratified Effects of Education on Functional Limitations in the United States
Authors: Bhatta Tirth R. 
Published: September 2022

Objective Scant research has focused on the role of sociohistorical changes in shaping intersecting early-life selection mechanisms and their impacts on racially stratified effects of education on health across cohorts. Method Drawing from the Health and Retirement Survey, this study fitted negative binomial regression models to assess the impacts of childhood socioeconomic status (SES) on the relationship between education and functional limitations for Black and White adults across birth cohorts ( n = 16,269, born 1931–1959). Results The disparities between Black adults and White adults in impacts of childhood SES on both education and functional limitations were more pronounced in recent cohorts. The racial stratification in the impacts of education on functional limitations was documented across cohorts. However, after adjusting for childhood SES, this stratification narrowed considerably in recent cohorts. Discussion This study underscores the role of a sociohistorical context in shaping the effects of education on health at the intersection of race and cohort.
Effects of crosswinds and tip configurations on the initial phase of wingtip vortex evolution
Authors: Zhang Zeyu , Li Dong , Xu Ziming , Cai Jinyan , Cui Jiaolin 
Published: September 2022

Wingtip vortex is the initial phase of aircraft wake flow that jeopardizes flight safety. Previous studies have focused on the effect of incidence angle on tip vortex flow; thus, investigations on tip vortex in the roll-up stage under crosswind conditions are limited. In the present study, two NACA0012 wings with different tip shapes (round and square) were numerically analyzed to explore the effects of wingtip configurations on tip vortex. In addition, the effects of crosswinds on wingtip vortex evolution were also investigated. It was found that sharp edges of the square wingtip generated a multi-vortex system, resulting in a larger turbulent wake vortex core radius. The lift and vortex strength of the square wingtip were 23% higher and only 12% stronger than those of the round wingtip, respectively. Furthermore, crosswinds changed both the pressure distribution and the vortex structure. Crosswinds made the flow field unstable; hence, upwind lower edge vortices of the square wingtip burst earlier and merged faster. Consequently, the tightness of the upwind vortex of the square wingtip increased, and the corresponding vortex strength was enhanced. The downwind vortex of the square wingtip was weakened by 2.7% under a crosswind velocity of 4 m/s, whereas the downwind tip vortex of the round wingtip was strengthened under the same conditions.
Lenalidomide induced pneumonitis
Authors: Finch Kelsey , Sharma Deepankar , Wagner Stephanie 
Published: September 2022

Introduction Iatrogenic lung injury is a very rare, albeit serious complication with antineoplastic therapy, including immunomodulatory drugs. Pneumonitis typically presents clinically with symptoms such as cough, dyspnea, fever, and hypoxemia. Radiographic evaluation often demonstrates diffuse, patchy infiltrates and ground-glass opacities. Case report We present a case in which therapy from an immunomodulatory drug, lenalidomide, elicited a pneumonitis in the form of a 9 cm lung mass. An exhaustive workup was completed to rule out viral, bacterial, and fungal infections as well as malignant causes. Lenalidomide-induced lung injury was suspected. Management and outcome Lenalidomide was discontinued and corticosteroid therapy was initiated. This resulted in a complete clinical and radiographic resolution of symptoms. Discussion Several case reports of pneumonitis have been associated with immunomodulatory drug therapy, and while most of these exhibit diffuse ground-glass opacities radiographically, our patient presented with a 9 cm lung mass. Our findings stress the importance of a thorough medication review while ruling out other potential causes of lung injury.
Modified perfluorocarbon liquid/internal limiting membrane interface staining in myopic macular hole retinal detachment
Authors: La Mantia Alberto , Mateo Carlos 
Published: September 2022

Purpose To demonstrate a modified technique of perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL)/internal limiting membrane (ILM) interface staining in patients affected by macular hole retinal detachment (MHRD) in the setting of high myopia. Methods Two-surgeon retrospective case series and review of surgical videos with step-by-step technique analysis. Results Our modified technique was proficiently employed to treat 9 highly myopic patients affected by MHRD. Successful staining and peeling of the ILM with the creation of an inverted flap was achieved in all cases. A limited number of dye injections required to stain the ILM was noted. No subretinal dye migration or other intra- and postoperative complications were recorded. Conclusion Modified PFCL/ILM interface staining is a surgically efficient technique potentially reducing the risk of iatrogenic damage, including the toxicity of vital dyes to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in myopic MHRD.
Patient perspectives on dry eye disease and chronic ocular surface pain: Insights from a virtual community-moderated dialogue
Authors: Caffery Barbara , Petris Rebecca , Hammitt Katherine M , Montecchi-Palmer Michela , Haque Sameena , Malkowski Jean-Pierre , Barabino Stefano 
Published: September 2022

Purpose To understand patients’ perspectives on living with dry eye disease (DED), and on the unmet needs in DED and chronic ocular surface pain (COSP) management. Methods A moderated, structured discussion with patients with ocular surface diseases and healthcare professionals (HCPs) was conducted using a virtual platform to capture patients’ journey with DED, their opinion on unmet needs, and design and conduct of clinical trials in DED and COSP. Results Nine participants, including four patient representatives from patient organisations, one ophthalmologist and one optometrist participated in the discussion. Patients had DED of varying severity and aetiology; three patients had Sjögren's. Over 4 weeks, 785 posts were entered on the platform. Prior to diagnosis, patients rarely associated their symptoms with DED. Convenience and symptomatic relief scored higher than treating the disease. Patients expressed the need for plain language information and dialogue with knowledgeable and sensitive HCPs. Online forums and social media were suggested as key recruitment resources, whereas convenience and safety concerns were highlighted as main barriers to enrolment. The need for the inclusion of outcome measures that have a real impact on patients’ experience of their condition was highlighted. Both target product profiles were received positively by participants, highlighting the twice-daily dosing regimen and convenience of the products. Participants acknowledged the value of digital tools and suggested the need to feel valued post-trial. Conclusions This moderated dialogue provided actionable insights on the unmet needs in DED and useful inputs for consideration when designing future clinical trials for DED and COSP.
Exposure to parental smoking and cardiac structure and function in adulthood: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study
Authors: Pihlman Jukka , Nuotio Joel , Rovio Suvi , Pahkala Katja , Ruohonen Saku , Jokinen Eero , Laitinen Tomi P. , Burgner David P. , Hutri-Kähönen Nina , Tossavainen Päivi , Taittonen Leena , Kähönen Mika , Viikari Jorma S.A. , Raitakari Olli T. , Magnussen Costan G. , Juonala Markus 
Published: September 2022

Background and aims: The relationship between childhood tobacco smoke exposure and cardiac structure and function in midlife is unclear. We investigated the association between parental smoking with cardiac structure and function in adulthood. Methods: 1250 participants (56.5% female) from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study who had data on parental smoking and/or serum cotinine, a biomarker of exposure to tobacco smoke, at baseline 1980 (age 3–18 years) and echocardiography performed in 2011. Parental smoking hygiene (i.e., smoking in the vicinity of children) was categorized by parental smoking and serum cotinine levels in offspring. Dimensions of the left ventricle, diastolic and systolic function, and cardiac remodeling were used as outcomes. Analyses were adjusted for sex, age, and covariates (blood pressure (BP), serum lipids, body mass index, socioeconomic status, smoking (only in adulthood)) in childhood and adulthood. Results: Parental smoking was not associated with systolic or diastolic function in adulthood. Participants exposed to parental smoking (odds ratio (OR) 1.90, 95%CI 1.23–2.92), hygienic parental smoking (OR 1.74, 95%CI 1.12–2.71), and non-hygienic parental smoking (OR 1.88, 95%CI 1.02–3.45) had higher odds of concentric remodeling (relative wall thickness >85th sex-specific percentile without left ventricular hypertrophy). These associations were attenuated after adjustment for child and adult covariates in the non-hygienic parental smoking group. Conclusions: Exposure to parental smoking in childhood was associated with a higher likelihood of concentric remodeling and thicker left ventricular and interventricular septal walls in midlife, which was not improved by parents who smoked hygienically. Parental smoking was not related to systolic or diastolic function in this relatively young population.