bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Adsorption Characteristics of Surfactants Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate and Aerosol-OT on Transition Phase of Water-Based Lubrication
Authors: Fang Jingbo , Bai Pengpeng , Ouyang Chuke , Liu Chenxu , Wen Xiangli , Li Yuanzhe , Meng Yonggang , Ma Liran , Tian Yu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Previous studies of surfactants as water-based lubrication additives have mainly focused on their steady-state behavior, but the “transition phase” between two steady states has been rarely studied, which is more or at least equally important for actual lubrication conditions. In this study, the lubrication behaviors of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (Aerosol-OT, AOT) solutions were comparatively investigated under step-changed working conditions. It was found that the duration of the transition phase of AOT solution as lubricant was significantly shorter than that of SDS. During the transition phase, the contact zone experienced a slight running-in and fresh surfaces were created. Compared with SDS, the adsorption rate of AOT was higher, and its adsorption amount was lower due to the larger steric hindrance of the molecular structure. Therefore, the adsorption state of AOT in the contact zone could reach a new dynamic equilibrium faster, so that the friction coefficient would reach a stable value faster. Different from the common opinion that running-in is the cause of the transition phase of lubrication, this study indicates that the dynamic adsorption behavior of surfactant molecules mainly contributes to this process, which should be paid more attention to guide their industrial applications.
Changes in Homocysteine and Non-Mercaptoalbumin Levels After Acute Exercise: A Crossover Study
Authors: Shinagawa Akiho , Yamazaki Tomoki , Minematsu Ayako , Serizawa Naho , Hosoi Yuri , Ninomiya Yusuke , Miyakoshi Yuichi , Yano Tomohiro , Ota Masako 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Acute exercise is one factor that increases blood homocysteine levels, and elevated homocysteine levels cause oxidative stress. Albumin, which is abundant in blood, is an antioxidant, and the redox state of albumin is used as an index of oxidative stress in blood. This study aimed to assess the effect of acute exercise on plasma homocysteine levels and the blood non-mercaptoalbumin/mercaptoalbumin ratio as an oxidative stress marker.
Methods
This study used a crossover design with exercise and control conditions. Under exercise conditions, a bicycle ergometer was used to perform 40 min of transient constant-load exercise at 65% heart rate reserve. Under control conditions, participants rested for 40 min. Blood was collected before, 30 min after, and 90 min after exercise, and at the same time points under control conditions. Samples were analyzed for the homocysteine concentration and non-mercaptoalbumin/mercaptoalbumin ratio.
Results
The results revealed that a 65% heart rate reserve and 40 min of acute exercise increased plasma homocysteine concentration and non-mercaptoalbumin ratio. In the intra-condition comparison, the plasma Hcy concentration was significantly increased at Post 30 min (་0.83 ± 0.70 µmol/L, P = 0.003) compared with that at Pre in the exercise condition. Furthermore, 90 min after exercise, the blood non-mercaptoalbumin ratio was significantly increased (་0.35 ± 0.71%, P = 0.030) compared to Pre.
Conclusion
These results indicate that the plasma Hcy concentration first increased, and then the non-mercaptoalbumin/mercaptoalbumin ratio increased as the elevated state was maintained. This study revealed that 65% HRR, 40 min of acute exercise increased plasma Hcy concentraion and non-mercaptoalbumin ratio.
Saponin Protects Against Cyclophosphamide- Induced Kidney and Liver Damage via Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Actions
Authors: Golmohammadi Mohammad Ghasem , Banaei Shokofeh , Abedi Ali 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The liver and kidney are organs affected by chemotherapy drugs such as cyclophosphamide (CP). This study examined the protective effects of treatment with saponin (SP) against CP-induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity.
Methods
24 adult male mice were divided into four groups (N = 6): Control group, CP (15mg/kg), SP (2.5 mg/kg) and CP + SP. After treatment, the blood samples were collected for the determination of biochemical parameters and liver and kidney samples were taken for histological analysis and the assessment of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers.
Results
Cyclophosphamide decreased renal and liver functions and antioxidant enzymes, which significantly increased blood urea nitrogen- creatinine (BUN- Cr), liver enzyme levels, malondialdehyde, Nuclear factor kappa β (NF-kB) and Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1B) concentrations. Moreover, histopathological findings of the CP group showed that there were acute tubular necrosis and glomerular atrophy in the renal tissues and lymphocyte infiltration in the liver samples. Treatment with saponin improved hepatic and nephric functions, the pathological changes and antioxidant capacity, also, decreased lipid peroxidation and inflammation.
Conclusion
It seems that saponin could exert a hepato-nephropretective effect against cyclophosphamide toxicity.
Effects Of Different Host-Plant Components On Physiological Indices In Spodoptera Frugiperda
Authors: Fang Min , Lu Si-Han , Yao Ling , Li Gui-ting , Zheng Ren-Wen , Tang Qing-Feng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an invasive pest that ravaging crops in many provinces of China. In order to specifically control this invasive pest, understanding of the relationship between the insect and the hosts is necessary. In this study, we have compared the biological and nutritional indices of S. frugiperda by feeding it with five different host-plants (Zea mays, Triticum aestivum, Digitaria sanguinalis, Glycine max and Eleusine indica) under laboratory conditions. The biological and nutritional indices of Z. mays feeding S. frugiperda were the best. However, the pupa weight and fecundity of S. frugiperda fed with G. max and E. indica were significantly lower than those fed with other hosts, efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) and efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) were also lower than others. The total phenol content of hosts was negatively correlated with the growth and nutrient accumulation of S. frugiperda, while the C/N content was positively correlated. When fed on different host plants, the biological and nutritional indices of S. frugiperda were different, but all of them could complete the life cycle. Therefore, S. frugiperda also has a tendency to feed on other hosts, especially plants with high C/N content, when Z. mays is insufficient.
Learning Path Optimization Based On Multi-Attribute Matching And Variable Length Continuous Representation
Authors: Xiao Qin , Zhang Yong-Wei , Song Ying-Lei , Chen Mi-Mi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Personalized learning path considers both learner and resource attributes. The evolutionary algorithm approach usually forms the learning path generation problem into a problem that optimizes the matching degree of the learner and the generated learning path. The proposed work considers the learner attributes as ability level, learning objective, learning style, and expected learning time. The learning path attributes include difficulty level, covered concept, supported learning styles, required learning time, and prerequisites. A variable-length representation of the learning path is adopted based on floating numbers, which significantly reduces the encoding length and simplifies the learning path generating process. An improved differential evolution algorithm is applied to optimize the matching degree of learning path and learner. The quantitative experiments on different problem scales show the proposed system outperforms the binary-based representation approaches in scaling ability and outperforms the comparative algorithms in efficiency.
Retrosynthetic Planning with Experience-Guided Monte Carlo Tree Search
Authors: Hong Siqi , Zhuo Hankz Hankui , Jin Kebing , Shao Guang , Zhou Zhanwen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Retrosynthetic planning problem is to analyze a complex molecule and give a synthetic route using simple building blocks. The huge number of chemical reactions leads to a combinatorial explosion of possibilities, and even the experienced chemists often have difficulty to select the most promising transformations. The current approaches rely on human-defined or machine-trained score functions which have limited chemical knowledge or use expensive estimation methods such as rollout to guide the search. In this paper, we propose EG-MCTS, a novel MCTS-based retrosynthetic planning approach, to deal with retrosynthetic planning problem. Instead of exploiting rollout, we build an Experience Guidance Network to learn knowledge from synthetic experiences during the search. Experiments on benchmark USPTO datasets show that, our EG-MCTS gains significant improvement over state-of-the-art approaches both in efficiency and effectiveness. Routes designed by EG-MCTS for real drugs or compounds exhibit the effectiveness of our approach on assisting chemists performing retrosynthetic analysis.
Our EG-MCTS system solves almost a quarter more and twice times faster than the traditional computer-aided MCTS search method. In a comparative experiment with the literature, our computer-generated routes were generally viewed to be equivalent to reported literature routes by chemists.
Pando’s Pulse: Vital Signs Signal Course Correction at World-Renowned Aspen Forest
Authors: Rogers Paul C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Upland aspen (Populus spp.) forests contribute significantly to biodiversity in their circumboreal role as keystone species. As aspen ecosystems flourish or diminish, myriad dependent species follow suit. The 43-hectare Pando aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) clone in Utah, USA, is thought to be the largest living organism on earth, but is faltering due to chronic herbivory. Long-term resilience in aspen communities, including Pando, rests on successful recruitment of vegetative suckers that are nutritiously desirable to browsing ungulates. Here, I evaluate aspen reproduction alongside numerous vital indicators of Pando’s status in the first trend assessment of this embattled iconic forest. I measured 64 plots using 19 indicators to determine current conditions. Findings show that the genetically uniform Pando is “breaking up” because of herbivory and fencing. Initial successes within fenced zones are tempered by nearly half of Pando that remains unprotected from chronic wild and domestic herbivory. I propose a strategy of process-based stewardship informed by adaptive monitoring to restore this famed ‘one-tree forest.’ Lessons from Pando include linkages to struggling, often species rich, aspen systems facing similar challenges globally.
LncRNA260 siRNA promotes M2 macrophage polarization by reducing IL28RA alternative splicing
Authors: Yang Xin-Xing , Li Yan-Yan , Gong Ge , Geng Hong-Yu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background and: Regulating the macrophages toward M2 polarization has become a therapeutic target for promoting cardiac repair after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Macrophages can promote the transformation from inflammatory M1 type to anti-inflammatory M2 type by activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In our previous study, we found that down-regulation of lncRNA260 could ameliorate hypoxic cardiomyocytes injury by regulating IL28RA through the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. It was suggested that lncRNA260 siRNA could promote the macrophages toward M2 polarization by regulating IL28RA. In this study, lncRNA260 siRNA was used to observe the polarization of mouse bone marrow macrophages and investigate its related mechanisms.Objective and methods: LncRNA 260 specific siRNA were designed and synthesized which were transfected into murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM)with liposomes. The experiment was divided into three groups: hypoxia group, hypoxia + lncRNA 260 specific siRNA transfection group, Normoxia group. The CD206-FITC/CD107b (Mac-3) or CD206-APC/CD11b-FITC double positive proportions were used to compare the M2 polarization ratio in the hypoxia process by using the immunofluorescence staining method. The p-AKT, Arginase 1, PI3KCG, IL28RAV1, IL28RAV2 proteins expression changes were observed by using the western blot method.Results: Compared with the Normoxia group, the double positive ratio of CD206-FITC/ Mac-3 and CD206-APC/CD11b-FITC were both significantly decreased in Hypoxia group (P<0.05). Compared with the hypoxia group, the double positive ratio of CD206-FITC/ Mac-3 and CD206/CD11b were both significantly increased in the Hypoxia + lncRNA260 siRNA transfection group (P<0.05). In the Hypoxia group, the ratios of Arg 1/β-Actin, p-AKT/β-Actin, PI3KCG/β-Actin, IL28RAV1/β-Actin were significantly lower than those in the Normoxia group (1.00±0.01) (P<0.05). After transfection with lncRNA260 siRNA, the ratios of Arg1/β-Actin, p-AKT/β-Actin , PI3KCG/β-Actin, IL28RAV1/β-Actin were significantly higher than those in the Hypoxia group (P<0.05) .Compared with the Normoxia group, the IL28RAV2/β-Actin in the Hypoxia group was significantly increased. After transfection with lncRNA260 siRNA, the ratio of IL28RAV2/β-Actin was significantly decreased than that in the Hypoxia group (P<0.05).Conclusion: LncRNA260 siRNA could promote the M2 polarization of the hypoxia macrophages by reducing the IL28RAV2 alternative splicing variant, which might be related to the activation of the JAK-STAT and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.
Chest dual energy CT to assess the effects of steroids on lung function in severe COVID-19 patients
Authors: Perchiazzi Gaetano , Larina Aleksandra , Hansen Tomas , Frithiof Robert , Hultström Michael , Lipcsey Miklos , Pellegrini Mariangela 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background. Steroids have been shown to reduce inflammation, hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) and lung oedema. Based on evidences from clinical trials, steroids are widely used in severe COVID-19. However, the effect on lung aeration and perfusion in this group of patients are unexplored.Objective. Profiting by dual energy computed tomography (DECT), we investigated whether steroids affect HPV in severe COVID-19 and whether they reduce lung oedema and improve gas distribution.Methods. Severe COVID-19 patients included in a single-center prospective observational study at the intensive care unit at Uppsala University Hospital who had undergone DECT were enrolled in the current study. Patients’ cohort was divided in two groups depending on the administration of steroids. From each patient’s DECT, 20 inflation maps and 20 perfusion maps, evenly distributed along the cranial-caudal axis, were analyzed. To estimate HPV, perfusion distribution was analyzed in both the whole lung and the hypoinflated areas. Total lung weight, index of lung oedema, was estimated.Results. Sixty patients were analyzed, whereof 43 received steroids. Patients exposed to steroids showed a better (non-perfused area 10% vs 15%, p < 0.01) and more homogeneous (kurtosis: 2.51 vs 1.85, p < 0.01) perfusion of hypoinflated areas, indicating reduced HPV. Moreover, they showed a significantly lower lung weight (853gr vs 1005gr, p = 0.01).Conclusions. The use of steroids was associated with impaired HPV and reduced lung oedema in severe COVID-19. This is consistent with previous findings in other diseases. Moreover, reduced lung weight and a more homogeneous distribution of gas within the lung were shown in patients treated with steroids.Trial registration: Clinical Trials ID: NCT04316884, Registered March 13, 2020
Flood susceptibility computation using state-of-the-art machine learning and optimization algorithms
Authors: Costache Romulus-Dumitru , Arabameri Alireza , I Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul , Abba S.I. , Pandey Manish , Ajin R.S. , Pham Binh Thai 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The present study aims to estimate the flood susceptibility degree over the Prahova River basin located in the central-southern part of Romania. To obtain the proposed outcomes, the next 10 flood predictors were used as independent variable in the machine learning models: slope angle, convergence index, distance from river, elevation, plan curvature, hydrological soil group, lithology, topographic wetness index, rainfall and land use. The factors along with 158 flood locations, that represent the dependent variables, were involved in the training procedure of the following four ensemble models: Deep Learning Neural Network –Statistical Index (DLNN-SI), Particle Swarm Optimization-Deep Learning Neural Network–Statistical Index (PSO-DLNN-SI), Support Vector Machine–Statistical Index (SVM-SI) and Particle Swarm Optimization-Support Vector Machine–Statistical Index (PSO-SVM-SI). Through the Statistical Index method, the coefficients of each flood predictor class/category were calculated. The best performance was achieved by PSO-DLNN-SI model for which an AUC-ROC Curve of 0.952 was calculated. It is worth to note the application of PSO algorithm manage to increase the models performance. Also, it is important to note that around 25% of the study area has a high and very high exposure to flood phenomena.
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of bZIP transcription factors under abiotic stress in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)
Authors: Parajuli Atit , Sanguinet Karen A. , Zhang Zhiwu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is the most cultivated forage legume around the world. Under a variety of growing conditions, forage yield in alfalfa is stymied by biotic and abiotic stresses including heat, salt, drought, and disease. Given the sessile nature of plants, they use strategies such as differential gene expression to respond to environmental cues. Transcription factors control the expression of genes that contribute to or enable tolerance and survival during periods of stress. Basic-leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors have been demonstrated to play a critical role in regulating plant growth and development as well as mediate the responses to abiotic stress in several species, including Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Lotus japonicus and Medicago truncatula. However, there is little information about bZIP transcription factors in cultivated alfalfa. ResultIn the present study, 237 bZIP genes were identified in alfalfa from publicly available sequencing data. Multiple sequence alignments showed the presence of intact bZIP motifs in the identified sequences. Based on previous phylogenetic analyses in Arabidopsis thaliana, alfalfa bZIPs were similarly divided and fell into 10 groups. The physico-chemical properties, motif analysis and phylogenetic study of the alfalfa bZIPs revealed high specificity within groups. The differential expression of alfalfa bZIPs in a suite of tissues indicates that bZIP genes are specifically expressed at different developmental stages in alfalfa. Similarly, expression analysis in response to ABA, cold, drought and salt stresses, indicates that a subset of bZIP genes are also differentially expressed and likely play a role in abiotic stress signaling and/or tolerance.ConclusionsTaken together, this work provides a framework for the future study of bZIPs in alfalfa and presents candidate bZIPs involved in stress-response signaling.
First report of Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae susceptible to temephos, malathion, cypermethrin, and Deltamethrin in Jakarta, Indonesia: Detoxification enzyme activity and the midgut cell damage
Authors: Subahar Rizal , Aulia Annisa Putri , Yulhasri Yulhasri , Yazid Fatmawati , Felim Ris Raihan , Susanto Lisawati , Winita Rawina , Adugna Tilahun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Insecticide-resistant Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes have been reported worldwide but the susceptibility status of Cx.quinquefasciatus larvae to insecticides has not been determined in Jakarta, Indonesia. This study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility status of Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae to temephos, malathion, cypermethrin, and deltamethrin in Jakarta, Indonesia, through the mode of action detoxification enzyme activity and digestive system damage.Methods: Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae were collected from five sites in Jakarta. The larval susceptibility test to temephos used the WHO standard kits (1.25, 6.25, 31.25, and 156.25 ppm) and to malathion (0.5 ppm), cypermethrin (.25 ppm), and deltamethrin (0.35 ppm). The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and oxidase were measured by the biochemical method. The larval midgut cell damage was examined using the routine histopathological method and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Results: At 24 h, temephos and deltamethrin caused 100% larval death of Cx.quinquefasciatus in five sites of Jakarta. Temephos and malathion significantly inhibited AChE activity, while cypermethrin and deltamethrin significantly inhibited oxidase activity. All tested insecticides significantly damaged the larval midgut. The TEM findings showed the damaged parts of the midgut epithelial cells included the cell membrane, nuclei, nucleoli, mitochondria, and other organelles cells.Conclusion: This study is the first to report that Cx.quinquefasciatus larvae in Jakarta were completely susceptible to temephos and deltamethrin through metabolic enzymes and midgut cell damage. This study provides baseline data to improve mosquito control programs.
Automated classification of time-activity-location patterns for improved estimation of personal exposure to air pollution
Authors: Chatzidiakou Lia , Krause Anika , Kellaway Mike , Han Yiqun , Li Yilin , Martin Elizabeth , Kelly Frank J , Zhu Tong , Barratt Benjamin , Jones Roderic L 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Air pollution epidemiology has primarily relied on measurements from fixed outdoor air quality monitoring stations to derive population-scale exposure. Characterisation of individual time-activity-location patterns is critical for accurate estimations of personal exposure and dose because pollutant concentrations and inhalation rates vary significantly by location and activity. Methods: We developed and evaluated an automated model to classify major exposure-related microenvironments (home, work, other static, in-transit) and separated them into indoor and outdoor locations, sleeping activity and five modes of transport (walking, cycling, car, bus, metro/train) with multidisciplinary methods from the fields of movement ecology and artificial intelligence. As input parameters, we used GPS coordinates, accelerometry, and noise, collected at 1 min intervals with a validated Personal Air quality Monitor (PAM) carried by 35 volunteers for one week each. The model classifications were then evaluated against manual time-activity logs kept by participants. Results: Overall, the model performed reliably in classifying home, work, and other indoor microenvironments (F1-score>0.70) but only moderately well for sleeping and visits to outdoor microenvironments (F1-score=0.57 and 0.3 respectively). Random forest approaches performed very well in classifying modes of transport (F1-score>0.91). We found that the performance of the automated methods significantly surpassed those of manual logs. Conclusions: Automated models for time-activity classification can markedly improve exposure metrics. Such models can be developed in many programming languages, and if well formulated can have general applicability in large-scale health studies, providing a comprehensive picture of environmental health risks during daily life with readily gathered parameters from smartphone technologies.