bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic variation in PLAG1 is associated with early fertility in Australian Brahman cattle
Authors: Engle Bailey N , Hayes Ben J 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Variation in the genome region coding for PLAG1 has well-documented associations with skeletal growth and age at puberty in cattle. However, the influence of PLAG1 on other economically important traits such as cow stayability has not yet been explored. Here we investigate the effect of PLAG1 variation on early and later in life female fertility, as well as size and growth, in a well-phenotyped Australian Brahman herd. Yearly pregnancy and productivity records were collected from 2,839 genotyped Brahman cows and used to generate fertility, growth, and weight phenotypes. A variant on chromosome 14 in PLAG1 (NC_037341.1:g.23338890G&gt;T, rs109815800) was previously determined to be a putative causative mutation associated with variation in cattle stature. The imputed PLAG1 genotype at this variant was isolated for each animal and the effect of PLAG1 genotype on each trait was estimated using linear modeling. Regardless of how heifer fertility was measured, there was a significant (P &lt; 0.05) and desirable relationship between the additive effects of PLAG1 genotype and successful heifer fertility. Heifers with two copies of the alternate allele (TT) conceived earlier and had higher pregnancy and calving rates. However, the effects of PLAG1 genotype on fertility began to diminish as cows aged and did not significantly influence stayability at later ages. While there was no effect of genotype on growth, PLAG1 had a negative effect on mature cow weight (P &lt; 0.01), where females with two copies of the alternate allele (TT) were significantly smaller than those with either one or none. Selection emphasis on improved Brahman heifer fertility will likely increase the frequency of the T allele of rs109815800, which may also increase herd profitability and long-term sustainability through improved reproductive efficiency and reduced mature cow size.
Investing in Private Evidence: The Effect of Adversarial Discovery
Authors: Guerra Alice , Parisi Francesco 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Much of the conventional wisdom of evidence law rests on the premise that the amount of evidence available in any given case is exogenously determined. With the advent of evidence technology (e.g. dashcams, black-box technology, digital data storage, surveillance cameras), the availability of evidence is substantially controlled by individuals. In this article, we show that evidence rules play an important role in determining individuals’ decisions to invest in private evidence. We compare the evidence rules adopted in the USA and Europe and analyze their relative impact on the voluntary adoption of evidence technology. We find that by making private evidence not discoverable, more rather than less evidence would be made available to courts.
Health Economics Research in Cancer Treatment: Current Challenges and Future Directions
Authors: Yu James B , Schrag Deborah , Robin Yabroff K 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Control and Population Science hosted a virtual conference on the Future of Cancer Health Economics Research and included a presentation from a workgroup that considered current challenges and future directions in health economics research centered on cancer treatment.
The workgroup identified 3 broad categories of focus: data limitations, opportunities for training for clinicians and health economists interested in collaboration, and the need for prospective economic study of cancer treatment. Within these areas of focus, the workgroup recommended the following: improvement of the availability of key economic measures in data available to researchers, creation of more comprehensive datasets robust to insurance type or coverage, development of cancer care health economics research-focused symposia, instituting clear mechanisms to support integration of economic analyses alongside clinical trials, development of standardized methods to measure the cost of cancer care to health-care systems and patients, and development of standardized evaluations that include measures of social determinants of health.
Confronting the ‘Non-Market Economy’ Treatment: The Evolving World Trade Organization Jurisprudence on Anti-Dumping and China’s Recent Practices
Authors: Zhou Weihuan , Qu Xiaomeng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article offers one of the first comprehensive reviews of the evolution of the World Trade Organization (WTO)’s jurisprudence on anti-dumping (AD), focusing on the systemic issue of what flexibility the WTO AD Agreement provides for Member states to tackle market distortions caused by government intervention. This review is undertaken in the context of the longstanding AD practices of some major WTO Members in treating China as a non-market economy (NME). It argues that while WTO tribunals have created flexibilities for AD authorities to address such distortions, they have left some critical issues open for future consideration. The flexibilities and loopholes in the case law can be used by all WTO Members and have been increasingly utilized by China in its own AD practices. Thus, the current law has arguably ‘multilateralized’ the NME treatment under the general framework of the WTO and may incentivize tit-for-tat use of AD.
Bilaterally symmetrical ganglion and subchondral cysts of the knee: a case report
Authors: Chitnavis Jai , Maghsoudi Daniel , Grewal Harshvir 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 49-year-old patient, with a maternal history of arthritis, presented with an extra-capsular lump of the left knee. Following magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan and excision biopsy, the lump proved to be a benign ganglion cyst. The scan had also shown focal subchondral cyst formation and articular cartilage wear in the medial femoral condyle and patella, with no other abnormality. Four years later, she presented with identical symptoms and signs in the right knee. MRI scan confirmed a symmetrical pattern of ganglion and subchondral cyst location and size. Although both ganglion and subchondral cysts of the knee are common, their development is poorly understood and this combination of cyst formation and chondral wear has not been previously documented. Symmetry of end-stage knee osteoarthritis (OA) is recognized by clinicians. We speculate that OA of the knee begins asymptomatically with point-specific loss of articular cartilage, typically reflecting an inherent and bilateral vulnerability to degeneration.
Joinpoint Regression Methods of Aggregate Outcomes for Complex Survey Data
Authors: Liu Benmei , Kim Hyune-Ju , Feuer Eric J , Graubard Barry I 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Joinpoint regression can model trends in time-specific estimates from aggregated data. These methods have been developed mainly for nonsurvey data such as cancer registry data assuming that the time-specific estimates are uncorrelated from time point to time point. This independence assumption can be violated for trends in time-specific estimates from complex survey samples due to using the same primary sampling units across time and, therefore, the full variance–covariance matrix of the time-specific estimates should be incorporated into the regression model fitting. This article extends these joinpoint methods for analyzing complex survey data within the National Cancer Institute’s Joinpoint software and empirically compares the extended method to existing methods for analyses of time trends in three surveys.
Predicting the potential distribution of a previously undetected cryptic invasive synanthropic Asian house rat (Rattus tanezumi) in South Africa
Authors: Ringani G V , Julius R S , Chimimba C T , Pirk C W W , Zengeya T A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three species of Rattus, Norway rat (R. norvergicus), black rat (R. rattus) and Asian house rat (R. tanezumi) are currently known to occur in South Africa. The latter two species are cryptic and form part of the Rattus rattus species complex. Historically, R. norvegicus has been reported to occur along the coast and in urban centres, R. rattus is widespread in most urban areas, except in the drier areas, while R. tanezumi was only recorded to occur in the country (and Africa) ca. 15 years ago, and its distribution remains unknown. The aim of this study was to predict the potential distribution of R. tanezumi in South Africa and assess how it overlaps with that of R. norvegicus and R. rattus using species distribution modelling. Rattus tanezumi was predicted to mainly occur in most inland urban areas and along the coast. The distribution of R. rattus was as expected, in contrast, the predicted range of R. norvegicus was not restricted to the coast but also included inland urban areas. All three species showed broad potential distributional ranges that overlapped extensively indicating that their establishment and spread may be influenced by similar factors such as proximity to urban areas and a wet and moderate climate. These results allow insights into assessing their risk of establishment and for formulating appropriate intervention strategies for their management and control.
Change in social networks: Some dynamic extensions of Social Epistemic Logic
Authors: FernÁndez GonzÁlez SaÚl 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We propose dynamic extensions to the framework of Social Epistemic Logic introduced in Logic in the Community (Seligman et al., pp. 178–188, 2011). One of them introduces a notion of a semi-public announcement made by an aware agent and only transmitted to this agent’s social connections. Another extension along the epistemic dimension of the framework contains separate ‘sending’ and ‘reading’ modalities that allow for a more realistic asynchronous spreading of messages in a social network. Finally, we briefly discuss an extension along the ‘social’ dimension of the framework, which introduces an operator to break links within an epistemic social network based on information at the agent’s disposal. Completeness and decidability results are provided.
Activity cycles in RS CVn-type stars
Authors: Martínez C I , Mauas P J D , Buccino A P 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
We compile a list of 120 RS CVn-type stars from the bibliography in Southern hemisphere, to search for rotation periods and activity cycles, covering a large range of luminosities and effective temperatures for late stars. For each system of the list, we use photometric data from the All Sky Automated Survey (ASAS), and complement it with our own photometry, obtained with the Optical Robotic Observatory (ORO). We analyse these data with the Generalized Lomb–Scargle (GLS) periodogram to determine the rotation period and possible activity cycles for each system. We found rotation periods for 102 systems and activity cycles for 91 systems. From the statistical analysis of the results, we found that giant stars behave differently than subgiants and main-sequence stars, and that there is a good correlation between rotation periods and luminosities.
Towards a global map of the artificial all-sky brightness
Authors: Kocifaj M , Bará S , Falchi F 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Modeling the hemispherical night sky brightness of anthropogenic origin is a demanding computational challenge, due to the intensive calculations required to produce all-sky maps with fine angular resolution including high-order scattering effects. We present in this letter a physically consistent, semi-analytic two-parameter model of the all-sky radiance produced by an artificial light source that encodes efficiently the spectral radiance in all directions of the sky above the observer. The two parameters of this function are derived from the state of the atmosphere, the distance to the observer, and the source’s angular and spectral emission pattern. The anthropogenic all-sky radiance at any place on Earth can be easily calculated by adding up the contributions of the surrounding artificial sources, using the information available from nighttime satellite imagery and ground-truth lighting inventories. This opens the way for the elaboration of a global world map of the artificial all-sky brightness.
Non-drug and surgical treatment algorithm and recommendations for the 2020 update of the Japan College of Rheumatology clinical practice guidelines for the management of rheumatoid arthritis—secondary publication
Authors: Ito Hiromu , Nishida Keiichiro , Kojima Toshihisa , Matsushita Isao , Kojima Masayo , Hirata Shintaro , Kaneko Yuko , Kishimoto Mitsumasa , Kohno Masataka , Mori Masaaki , Morinobu Akio , Murashima Atsuko , Seto Yohei , Sugihara Takahiko , Tanaka Eiichi , Nakayama Takeo , Yamanaka Hisashi , Kawahito Yutaka , Harigai Masayoshi 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives
The aim of this study was to update the Japan College of Rheumatology (JCR) clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and prepare an algorithm for non-drug and surgical treatments. This article is a digest version of the guidelines.

Methods
The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare’s research group, in collaboration with the JCR, used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation method to update the 2014 JCR CPG for RA. The consensus was formed by CPG panel members.

Results
We raised 19 clinical questions regarding non-drug and surgical treatments for RA and developed recommendations. The treatments included exercise therapy; occupational therapy; joint injection of corticosteroids; and orthopaedic surgeries including cervical spine surgery, wrist and foot arthroplasty, ankle arthrodesis, and replacement arthroplasty of the shoulder, elbow, finger, hip, knee, and ankle. Recommendations regarding the risks of surgery and perioperative discontinuation of medications have also been developed. Based on these recommendations, we created an original algorithm for the non-drug and surgical treatment of RA.

Conclusions
These recommendations are expected to serve rheumatologists, health care professionals, and patients with RA as tools for shared decision-making to treat residual limb joint symptoms and functional impairment.
Chemical order-disorder nanodomains in Fe3Pt bulk alloy
Authors: Li Qiang , Ren Yang , Zhang Qinghua , Gu Lin , Huang Qingzhen , Wu Hui , Sun Jing , Cao Yili , Lin Kun , Xing Xianran 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Chemical ordering is a common phenomenon and highly correlated with the properties of solid materials. By means of the redistribution of atoms and chemical bonds, it invokes an effective lattice adjustment and tailors corresponding physical properties. To date, however, directly probing the 3D interfacial interactions of chemical ordering remains a big challenge. In this work, we deciphered the interlaced distribution of nanosized domains with chemical order/disorder in Fe3Pt bulk alloy. HAADF-STEM images evidence the existence of such nanodomains. The reverse Monte Carlo method with the X-ray pair distribution function data reveal the 3D distribution of local structures and the tensile effect in the disordered domains at the single-atomic level. The chemical bonding around the domain boundary changes the bonding feature in the disordered side and reduces the local magnetic moment of Fe atoms. This results in a suppressed negative thermal expansion and extended temperature range in Fe3Pt bulk alloy with nanodomains. Our study demonstrates a local revelation for the chemical order/disorder nanodomains in bulk alloy. The understanding gained from atomic short-range interactions within the domain boundaries provides useful insights with regard to designing new functional compounds.
Missed Pneumococcal Vaccination Opportunities in Adults With Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in a Community Health System
Authors: Schulz Paul S , Moore Sarah E , Smith Daniel , Javed Jessica , Wilde Ashley M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Adult vaccination programs are suboptimal.

Methods
Pneumococcal vaccination history, and healthcare contact were assessed in patients with invasive pneumococcal disease.

Results
Of the 229 cases, 14% were vaccinated. Observed mortality was 20.1%.

Conclusions
Numerous missed vaccination opportunities were identified.
A Tale of 3 Pandemics: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, Hepatitis C Virus, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus in an Urban Emergency Department in Baltimore, Maryland
Authors: Hsieh Yu-Hsiang , Rothman Richard E , Solomon Sunil S , Anderson Mark , Stec Michael , Laeyendecker Oliver , Lake Isabel V , Fernandez Reinaldo E , Dashler Gaby , Mehta Radhika , Kickler Thomas , Kelen Gabor D , Mehta Shruti H , Cloherty Gavin A , Quinn Thomas C ,   Johns Hopkins COVID-19 Emergency Medicine Investigators, Beck Evan J , Saraf Sharada , Baker Owen R , Wang Richard , Ricketts Erin P , Anderson Danna , Hurley Jennifer 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe sought to determine the prevalence and sociodemographic and clinical correlates of acute and convalescent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections among emergency department (ED) patients in Baltimore.MethodsRemnant blood samples from 7450 unique patients were collected over 4 months in 2020 for SARS-CoV-2 antibody (Ab), HCV Ab, and HIV-1/2 antigen and Ab. Among them, 5012 patients were tested by polymerase chain reaction for SARS-CoV-2 based on clinical suspicion. Sociodemographics, ED clinical presentations, and outcomes associated with coinfections were assessed.ResultsOverall, 729 (9.8%) patients had SARS-CoV-2 (acute or convalescent), 934 (12.5%) HCV, 372 (5.0%) HIV infection, and 211 patients (2.8%) had evidence of any coinfection (HCV/HIV, 1.5%; SARS-CoV-2/HCV, 0.7%; SARS-CoV-2/HIV, 0.3%; SARS-CoV-2/HCV/HIV, 0.3%). The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 (acute or convalescent) was significantly higher in those with HCV or HIV vs those without (13.6% vs 9.1%, P &lt; .001). Key sociodemographic disparities (race, ethnicity, and poverty) and specific ED clinical characteristics were significantly correlated with having any coinfections vs no infection or individual monoinfection. Among those with HCV or HIV, aged 18–34 years, Black race, Hispanic ethnicity, and a cardiovascular-related chief complaint had a significantly higher odds of having SARS-CoV-2 (prevalence ratios: 2.02, 2.37, 5.81, and 2.07, respectively).ConclusionsThe burden of SARS-CoV-2, HCV, and HIV co-pandemics and their associations with specific sociodemographic disparities, clinical presentations, and outcomes suggest that urban EDs should consider implementing integrated screening and linkage-to-care programs for these 3 infections.
CAST-R: An application to visualize circadian and heat stress-responsive genes in plants
Authors: Bonnot Titouan , Gillard Morgane B , Nagel Dawn H 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe circadian clock helps organisms to anticipate and coordinate gene regulatory responses to changes in environmental stimuli. Under stresses, both time of day and the circadian clock closely control the magnitude of plant responses. The identification of clock-regulated genes is, therefore, important when studying the influence of environmental factors. Here, we present CAST-R (Circadian And heat STress-Responsive), a “Shiny” application that allows users to identify and visualize circadian and heat stress-responsive genes in plants. More specifically, users can generate and export profiles and heatmaps representing transcript abundance of a single or of multiple Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genes over a 24-h time course, in response to heat stress and during recovery following the stress. The application also takes advantage of published Arabidopsis chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing datasets to visualize the connections between clock proteins and their targets in an interactive network. In addition, CAST-R offers the possibility to perform phase (i.e. timing of expression) enrichment analyses for rhythmic datasets from any species, within and beyond plants. This functionality combines statistical analyses and graphical representations to identify significantly over- and underrepresented phases within a subset of genes. Lastly, profiles of transcript abundance can be visualized from multiple circadian datasets generated in Arabidopsis, Brassica rapa, barley (Hordeum vulgare), and rice (Oryza sativa). In summary, CAST-R is a user-friendly interface that allows the rapid identification of circadian and stress-responsive genes through multiple modules of visualization. We anticipate that this tool will make it easier for users to obtain temporal and dynamic information on genes of interest that links plant responses to environmental signals.
Multiplex knockout of trichome-regulating MYB duplicates in hybrid poplar using a single gRNA
Authors: Bewg William P , Harding Scott A , Engle Nancy L , Vaidya Brajesh N , Zhou Ran , Reeves Jacob , Horn Thomas W , Joshee Nirmal , Jenkins Jerry W , Shu Shengqiang , Barry Kerrie W , Yoshinaga Yuko , Grimwood Jane , Schmitz Robert J , Schmutz Jeremy , Tschaplinski Timothy J , Tsai Chung-Jui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAs the focus for CRISPR/Cas-edited plants moves from proof-of-concept to real-world applications, precise gene manipulation will increasingly require concurrent multiplex editing for polygenic traits. A common approach for editing across multiple sites is to design one guide RNA (gRNA) per target; however, this complicates construct assembly and increases the possibility of off-target mutations. In this study, we utilized one gRNA to target MYB186, a known positive trichome regulator, as well as its paralogs MYB138 and MYB38 at a consensus site for mutagenesis in hybrid poplar (Populus tremula × P. alba INRA 717-1B4). Unexpected duplications of MYB186 and MYB138 resulted in eight alleles for the three targeted genes in the hybrid poplar. Deep sequencing and polymerase chain reaction analyses confirmed editing across all eight targets in nearly all of the resultant glabrous mutants, ranging from small indels to large genomic dropouts, with no off-target activity detected at four potential sites. This highlights the effectiveness of a single gRNA targeting conserved exonic regions for multiplex editing. Additionally, cuticular wax and whole-leaf analyses showed a complete absence of triterpenes in the trichomeless mutants, hinting at a previously undescribed role for the nonglandular trichomes of poplar.
Systems for the Functional Evaluation of Human Heart Tissues Derived from Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Murata Kozue , Masumoto Hidetoshi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are expected to be a promising cell source in regenerative medicine and drug discovery for the treatment of various intractable diseases. An approach for creating a 3-dimensional (3D) structure from hPSCs that mimics human cardiac tissue functions has made it theoretically possible to conduct drug discovery and cardiotoxicity tests by assessing pharmacological responses in human cardiac tissues by a screening system using a compound library. The myocardium functions as a tissue composed of organized vascular networks, supporting stromal cells and cardiac muscle cells. Considering this, the reconstruction of tissue structure by various cells of cardiovascular lineages, such as vascular cells and cardiac muscle cells, is desirable for the ideal conformation of hPSC-derived cardiac tissues. Heart-on-a-chip, an organ-on-a-chip system to evaluate the physiological pump function of 3D cardiac tissues might hold promise in medical researchs such as drug discovery and regenerative medicine. Here, we review various modalities to evaluate the function of human stem cell-derived cardiac tissues and introduce heart-on-a-chip systems that can recapitulate physiological parameters of hPSC-derived cardiac tissues.