bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Different Bacteria Inocula and Temperature Levels on the Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Prickly Pear Vinegar Produced by Surface Culture
Authors: Es-sbata Ikram , Castro Remedios , Carmona-Jiménez Yolanda , Zouhair Rachid , Durán-Guerrero Enrique 
Published: January 2022

This work intends to determine the effect on the aroma profile, phenolic content and antioxidant activity of prickly pear vinegars produced by the surface culture at two different fermentation temperatures and using different acetic acid bacteria (AAB) inocula. Prickly pear wine was fermented at two temperature levels (30 and 37 °C) by using bacteria inocula containing Acetobacter, Gluconobacter or a mixture of bacteria isolated from Sherry vinegars. Eighty-five individual volatile compounds from different families and sixteen polyphenolic compounds have been identified. It was confirmed that the highest temperature tested (37 °C) resulted in a lower concentration of volatile compounds, while no significant effect on the vinegars’ volatile composition could be associated with the AAB inoculum used. Contrariwise, the highest content of polyphenolic compounds was detected in those vinegars produced at 37 °C and their concentration was also affected by the type of AAB inoculum used. Prickly pear wine displayed greater antioxidant activity than juices or vinegars, while the vinegars obtained through the mixture of AAB from Sherry vinegar showed higher antiradical activity than those obtained through either of the two AAB genera used in this study. It can be therefore concluded that, although the volatile content of vinegars decreased when fermented at a higher temperature, vinegars with a higher content in polyphenols could be obtained by means of partial fermentations at 37 °C, as long as thermotolerant bacteria were employed.
Technologies to Support Frailty, Disability, and Rare Diseases: Towards a Monitoring Experience during the COVID-19 Pandemic Emergency
Authors: Giansanti Daniele , Pirrera Antonia , Meli Paola , Grigioni Mauro , De Santis Marta , Taruscio Domenica 
Published: January 2022

This report illustrates the design and results of an activity of surveillance proposed by the National Centre for Innovative Technologies in Public Health and the National Centre for Rare Diseases of the Istituto Superiore di Sanità with the aim of monitoring the state-of-use of technologies by people with frailty, disabilities, and rare diseases. The results of the surveillance activity reported in this report are as follows: (a) An international Webinar; (b) A Full report published by the Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS); (c) an electronic survey tool, for periodic monitoring; (d) an initial summary of the survey (15 September–30 November 2020), giving an overall picture relating to the state-of-use of technologies by the interviewed; (e) an understanding of the needs that emerged, causing reflection on the current state-of-the-art and offering important stimuli for all the stakeholders involved.
Cell-Wall-Degrading Enzymes-Related Genes Originating from Rhizoctonia solani Increase Sugar Beet Root Damage in the Presence of Leuconostoc mesenteroides
Authors: Majumdar Rajtilak , Strausbaugh Carl A. , Galewski Paul J. , Minocha Rakesh , Rogers Christopher W. 
Published: January 2022

Sugar beet crown and root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani is a major yield constraint. Root rot is highly increased when R. solani and Leuconostoc mesenteroides co-infect roots. We hypothesized that the absence of plant cell-wall-degrading enzymes in L. mesenteroides and their supply by R. solani during close contact, causes increased damage. In planta root inoculation with or without cell-wall-degrading enzymes showed greater rot when L. mesenteroides was combined with cellulase (22 mm rot), polygalacturonase (47 mm), and pectin lyase (57 mm) versus these enzymes (0–26 mm), R. solani (20 mm), and L. mesenteroides (13 mm) individually. Carbohydrate analysis revealed increased simpler carbohydrates (namely glucose + galactose, and fructose) in the infected roots versus mock control, possibly due to the degradation of complex cell wall carbohydrates. Expression of R. solani cellulase, polygalacturonase, and pectin lyase genes during root infection corroborated well with the enzyme data. Global mRNAseq analysis identified candidate genes and highly co-expressed gene modules in all three organisms that might be critical in host plant defense and pathogenesis. Targeting R. solani cell-wall-degrading enzymes in the future could be an effective strategy to mitigate root damage during its interaction with L. mesenteroides.
Numerical Study of Natural Convection of Power Law Fluid in a Square Cavity Fitted with a Uniformly Heated T-Fin
Authors: Bilal Sardar , Khan Noor Zeb , Shah Imtiaz Ali , Awrejcewicz Jan , Akgül Ali , Riaz Muhammad Bilal 
Published: January 2022

Flow of a liquid in an enclosure with heat transfer has drawn special focus of researchers due to the abundant thermal engineering applications. So, the aim of present communication is to explore thermal characteristics of natural convective power-law liquid flow in a square enclosure rooted with a T-shaped fin. The formulation of the problem is executed in the form of partial differential expressions by incorporating the rheological relation of the power-law fluid. The lower wall of the enclosure along with the fin is uniformly heated and vertical walls are prescribed with cold temperature. For effective heat transfer within the cavity the upper boundary is considered thermally insulated. A finite element based commercial software known as COMSOL is used for simulations and discretization of differential equations and is executed incorporating a weak formulation. Domain discretization is performed by dividing it into triangular and rectangular elements at different refinement levels. A grid independence test is accomplished for quantities of engineering interest like local and average Nusselt numbers to attain accuracy and validity in results. Variation in the momentum and thermal distributions against pertinent parameters is analyzed through stream lines and isothermal contour plots. Measurement of the heat flux coefficient along with the calculation of kinetic energy against involved parameters is displayed through graphs and tables. After the comprehensive overview of attained results it is deduced that kinetic energy elevates against the upsurging magnitude of the Rayleigh number, whereas contrary behavior is encapsulated versus power-law index n. Elevation in the Nusselt number for the shear thinning case i.e., n=0.5 adheres as compared to Newtonian i.e., n=1 and shear thickening cases i.e., n=1.5. It is perceived that by the upsurging power-law index viscosity augmentations and circulation zones increases. Heat is transferred quickly against Rayleigh number (Ra) due to production of temperature difference in flow domain.
New Wild-Type Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Strains as Candidates to Manage Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Nelios Grigorios , Santarmaki Valentini , Pavlatou Chrysoula , Dimitrellou Dimitra , Kourkoutas Yiannis 
Published: January 2022

The incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been dramatically increased in developed countries, and beyond the genetic impact, environmental factors, including diet, seem to play an important role in the onset and development of the disease. In this vein, five Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, isolated from traditional fermented Greek products, were screened for potential probiotic properties, aiming at maintaining gut homeostasis and antidiabetic capability to alleviate T1D symptoms. L. rhamnosus cell-free supernatants induced strong growth inhibitory activity against common food spoilage and foodborne pathogenic microorganisms, associated with several diseases, including T1D, and were also able to inhibit α-glucosidase activity (up to 44.87%), a promising property for alternatives to the antidiabetic drugs. In addition, survival rates up to 36.76% were recorded during the application of the static in vitro digestion model. The strains had no hemolytic activity and were sensitive to common antibiotics suggested by the European Food and Safety Association, apart from chloramphenicol. However, it is highly unlikely that the resistance has been acquired. In conclusion, our results suggest a great health-promoting potential of the newly isolated wild-type L. rhamnosus strains, but further confirmation of their efficiency in experimental animal models is considered an essential next research step.
Comparative Thermal Research on Energetic Molecular Perovskite Structures
Authors: Zhou Jing , Zhang Junlin , Chen Shaoli , Zhao Fengqi , Qiu Lili , Meng Zihui , Ding Li , Wang Bozhou , Pan Qing 
Published: January 2022

Molecular perovskites are promising practicable energetic materials with easy access and outstanding performances. Herein, we reported the first comparative thermal research on energetic molecular perovskite structures of (C6H14N2)[NH4(ClO4)3], (C6H14N2)[Na(ClO4)3], and (C6H14ON2)[NH4(ClO4)3] through both calculation and experimental methods with different heating rates such as 2, 5, 10, and 20 °C/min. The peak temperature of thermal decompositions of (C6H14ON2)[NH4(ClO4)3] and (C6H14N2) [Na(ClO4)3] were 384 and 354 °C at the heating rate of 10 °C/min, which are lower than that of (C6H14N2)[NH4(ClO4)3] (401 °C). The choice of organic component with larger molecular volume, as well as the replacement of ammonium cation by alkali cation weakened the cubic cage skeletons; meanwhile, corresponding kinetic parameters were calculated with thermokinetics software. The synergistic catalysis thermal decomposition mechanisms of the molecular perovskites were also investigated based on condensed-phase thermolysis/Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy method and DSC-TG-FTIR-MS quadruple technology at different temperatures.
Effect of Temperature on the Germination of Five Coastal Provenances of Nothofagus glauca (Phil.) Krasser, the Most Representative Species of the Mediterranean Forests of South America
Authors: Santelices-Moya Rómulo E. , González Ortega Marta , Acevedo Tapia Manuel , Cartes Rodríguez Eduardo , Cabrera-Ariza Antonio M. 
Published: January 2022

Temperature is one of the most important abiotic factors affecting seed germination, and it is strongly influenced by local site conditions. Seeds of Nothofagus glauca, an endemic and vulnerable species of the Mediterranean region of Chile and the most representative of the Mediterranean forests of South America, were collected. In this study, we evaluated the effect of temperature on different germinative attributes of five N. glauca provenances representative of their natural distribution. The seeds were treated at a constant temperature (i.e., 18 °C, 22 °C, 26 °C, or 30 °C) in the absence of light for 40 days. The results show that in all the provenances, the germination ratio and energy increase linearly with temperature until reaching an optimum temperature (i.e., 22 °C), above which they decrease severely. At 22 °C, the response of average germination speed and germination vigor was significantly higher than with the other temperatures (performance of germination start day was not clear). The base temperature was around 18 °C and the maximum, above 30 °C, which may be close to thermo-inhibition. Given the threat of climate change, it is necessary to increase research in terms of the possible adaptation of this species to increased temperatures and prolonged periods of drought
Radiative Transfer Image Simulation Using L-System Modeled Strawberry Canopies
Authors: Guan Zhen , Abd-Elrahman Amr , Whitaker Vance , Agehara Shinsuke , Wilkinson Benjamin , Gastellu-Etchegorry Jean-Philippe , Dewitt Bon 
Published: January 2022

The image-based modeling and simulation of plant growth have numerous and diverse applications. In this study, we used image-based and manual field measurements to develop and validate a methodology to simulate strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) plant canopies throughout the Florida strawberry growing season. The simulated plants were used to create a synthetic image using radiative transfer modeling. Observed canopy properties were incorporated into an L-system simulator, and a series of strawberry canopies corresponding to specific weekly observation dates were created. The simulated canopies were compared visually with actual plant images and quantitatively with in-situ leaf area throughout the strawberry season. A simple regression model with L-system-derived and in-situ total leaf areas had an Adj R2 value of 0.78. The L-system simulated canopies were used to derive information needed for image simulation, such as leaf area and leaf angle distribution. Spectral and plant canopy information were used to create synthetic high spatial resolution multispectral images using the Discrete Anisotropic Radiative Transfer (DART) software. Vegetation spectral indices were extracted from the simulated image and used to develop multiple regression models of in-situ biophysical parameters (leaf area and dry biomass), achieving Adj R2 values of 0.63 and 0.50, respectively. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Red Edge Simple Ratio (SRre) vegetation indices, which utilize the red, red edge, and near infrared bands of the spectrum, were identified as statistically significant variables (p < 0.10). This study showed that both geometric (canopy seize metrics) and spectral variables were successful in modeling in-situ biomass and leaf area. Combining the geometric and spectral variables, however, only slightly improved the prediction model. These results show the feasibility of simulating strawberry canopies and images with inherent geometrical, topological, and spectral properties of real strawberry plants. The simulated canopies and images can be used in applications beyond creating realistic computer graphics for quantitative applications requiring the depiction of vegetation biological processes, such as stress modeling and remote sensing mission planning.
Clinical Events and Renal Function in the First Year Predict Long-Term Kidney Transplant Survival
Authors: Schold Jesse D. , Nordyke Robert J. , Wu Zheng , Corvino Frank , Wang Weiying , Mohan Sumit 
Published: January 2022

Background
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at 1 year post transplantation has been shown to be a strong predictor of long-term graft survival. However, intercurrent events (ICEs) may affect the relationship between eGFR and failure risk.

Methods
The OPTN and USRDS databases on single-organ kidney transplant recipients from 2012 to 2016 were linked. Competing risk regressions estimated adjusted subhazard ratios (SHRs) of 12-month eGFR on long-term graft failure, considering all-cause mortality as the competing risk, for deceased donor (DD) and living donor (LD) recipients. Additional predictors included recipient, donor, and transplant characteristics. ICEs examined were acute rejection, cardiovascular events, and infections.

Results
Cohorts comprised 25,131 DD recipients and 7471 LD recipients. SHRs for graft failure increased rapidly as 12-month eGFR values decreased from the reference 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2. At an eGFR of 20 ml/min per 1.73 m2, SHRs were 13–15 for DD recipients and 12–13 for LD recipients; at an eGFR of 30 ml/min per 1.73 m2, SHRs were 5.0–5.7 and 5.0–5.5, respectively. Among first-year ICEs, acute rejection was a significant predictor of long-term graft failure in both DD (SHR=1.63, P<0.001) and LD (SHR=1.51, P=0.006) recipients; cardiovascular events were significant in DD (SHR=1.24, P<0.001), whereas non-CMV infections were significant in the LD cohort (SHR=1.32, P=0.03). Adjustment for ICEs did not significantly reduce the association of eGFR with graft failure.

Conclusions
Twelve-month eGFR is a strong predictor of long-term graft failure after accounting for clinical events occurring from discharge to 1 year. These findings may improve patient management and clinical evaluation of novel interventions.
Livestock production development in AP Vojvodina
Authors: Trivunović Snežana , Štrbac Ljuba , Janković Dobrila , Ivanović Draško , Radović Ivan , Mirkov Mile , Pihler Ivan , Bjedov Siniša , Šaran Momčilo 
Published: January 2022

The aim of this paper is to present the effects of breeding program implementation on the development of animal breeding in Vojvodina since 2010. Data from the Main breeding organization (controlled population) and data from the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia (total population) were used as a basis for this research. The main breeding organization is the Departmant ofAnimal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad that implemented the main breeding programs in cattle, pig, sheep, goat, horse and poultry production. The milk yield in a recorded population of Holstein Friesian and Simmental cows shows evident phenotypic increasing trend as opposed to a population that is not controlled. The results of the selection measures in Vojvodina show that pig breeding has an upward trend and that we have an increasing number of small and medium (family) farms. Interest in sheep and goat production is increasing primarily because of the high demand for products made from sheep meat and goat milk and meat. In the recent decades, Vojvodina has been faced with a decrease in the number of horses. At the same time, there is an increasing interest in sports horses and recreation. According to poultry production results of parental flocks, an increasing tendency was observed in the production of controlled flocks recently, while the number of breeding stock breeders was reduced.
Long-term effect of soil management on the carbon-dioxide emission of the soil
Authors: Zsembeli József , Kovács Györgyi , Czellér Krisztina , Tuba Géza 
Published: January 2022

CO2 emission from soils is one of the most important elements of the global carbon cycle, thus it has crucial rule in climate change. Each soil cultivation operation intervenes in the microbiological life of the soil, hence tillage is a factor through that the processes taking place in soil can be controlled. During the last decades, the organic material content of agricultural soils decreased to the half due to the intensive management resulting in the degradation of natural soil fertility. While intensive, plough-based tillage can cause soil degradation and erosion, the physical, chemical and biological status of the soil can be significantly improved through the application of conservation tillage methods. The results of long-term experiments prove that soil protective tillage enhances the enrichment of organic matter in the top layer of the soil. In order to reveal the role of tillage systems in CO2 emission from the soil, regular measurements were carried out in the plots with conventional and reduced tillage of the soil cultivation experiment of Research Institute of Karcag. Anagas CD 98 and Gas Alert Micro 5w infrared gas analysers were used to measure CO2-concentrations, and a specially developed method (consisting of a frame and a bowl) was applied to delimitate the measuring area. Most of the measurements were done on stubbles after harvest in order to exclude root respiration. The weather conditions of the examined 10 years were very changeable providing a good chance to compare them to each other. We found the tillage operations resulting in higher emission values in both tillage systems. On stubbles higher and more even emission was characteristic to reduced tillage due to the lower degree of soil disturbance and higher soil moisture content.
ĐÀO TẠO NGHỀ, TẠO SINH KẾ BỀN VỮNG CHO ĐỒNG BÀO CÁC DÂN TỘC THIỂU SỐ Ở VÙNG 135 TỈNH THÁI NGUYÊN
Authors: Hà Nguyễn Thị Thu 
Published: January 2022

Bài viết đề cập đến vấn đề đào tạo nghề, tạo sinh kế bền vững cho đồng bào các dân tộc thiểu số ở các vùng 135 tỉnh Thái Nguyên. Bài nghiên cứu sử dụng phương pháp phân tích định tính dựa trên số liệu thứ cấp và kết quả điều tra khảo sát của 150 hộ gia đình ở các xã thuộc vùng 135 của tỉnh. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy đa số các hộ gia đình chưa có sinh kế ổn định. Phần lớn các hộ gia đình đều có chung sinh kế là sản xuất nông nghiệp đơn thuần, sản xuất chủ yếu dựa theo những kinh nghiệm dân gian của cha ông để lại. Phương thức sản xuất còn lạc hậu, trình độ lao đông thấp, chưa áp dụng những thành tựu khoa học kỹ thuật vào sản xuất nên chưa mang lại hiệu quả kinh tế cao,vì vậy đời sống còn gặp nhiều khó khăn. Do vậy, hoạt động đào tạo nghề, tạo sinh kế cho đồng bào các dân tộc thiểu số ở vùng 135 là hướng đi đúng đắn và mang lại hiệu quả lâu dài, ổn định cuộc sống cho đồng bào các dân tộc thiểu số ở nơi đây.
Onomastic Concepts in German Football Fans’ Discourse
(Based on the Communicative Domain «Fangesäenge»)
Authors: Belyutin Roman 
Published: January 2022

The article analyses onomastic potential of lyrics in German football fans’ songs. It gives a brief review of fundamental works on this issue in Russian and foreign (mostly German) linguistics, determines some constituent features of football
fans’ discourse. It presents the classification of onyms, singles out respective classes of notions (ergonyms, anthroponyms, and toponyms) and their subclasses. The article describes specifics of onomastic space within the studied discourse: on the one hand, the article emphasizes quite a restricted amount of classes
of proper nouns, on the other hand, it stresses the necessity to renew the contents in virtue of a number of factors – beginning with the change in the name of the home stadium up to new names among the authorities of the club, new transfers and so on.
The paper applies complex methodologies including discourse, componential, conceptual analysis, classification, observation, description, lexicographical, contextual methods. As a perspective for the research, the author proposes considering this issue in the light of intercultural communication to identify universal and
specific projections used by the representatives of this social group to construct the onomastic space.
The Concept of Individual Style and Uniqueness of Author’s Approach to the Narration of V. Moers
Authors: Domashevich Yulia 
Published: January 2022

The article considers the problem of using the language in connection with a linguistic identity. The anthropocentric nature of many modern research works is aimed at studying an author’s individual style in fiction, where it is the author who decides on the features of phrases, syntactic construction of the utterance,
successful language expression. The author seeks to produce the maximum pragmatic effect on the reader and, thus, accurately convey his thoughts to the reader. The article touches on the matter of «individual style», as well as the possibility of definition and interpretation of this term. In this regard, the uniqueness
of the author’s method of linguistic expression, that is, his «individual style» carries individual substantial, stylistic, linguistic, and extralinguistic characteristics
manifested in the works of this or that author. The article pays special attention to the problem of studying Walter Moers’ individual style. He is one of the most
popular authors of modern German literature known for his satirical comics, as well as for the Zamonian cycle of fantasy novels. The article attempts to highlight
and describe some of the techniques typical for the the author’s individual style. They are reflected not only in the linguistic identity, but also in the application of visual effects.