bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of fascia iliaca nerve blockade on early postoperative pain and recovery after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome
Authors: August Grant , Johnson Andrea H , Turcotte Justin J , Petre Benjamin M 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTFascia iliaca nerve blockade (FIB) has been previously described as an effective technique for reducing postoperative pain and opioid consumption after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS). We hypothesize that an FIB will significantly reduce opioid consumption, pain scores and recovery time in our population. A retrospective observational study of 326 consecutive patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for FAIS at a single institution was performed. Patients were classified based on whether or not they received an FIB. Patient demographics, surgical details, medication details and 6-month postoperative outcomes were collected. The primary endpoint was the amount of narcotics required intraoperatively and in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). Of the 326 patients included in the study, 37 received an FIB. No differences in sex, age or other surgical details were observed between groups. Patients receiving an FIB were more likely to receive celecoxib (P &lt; 0.001), pregabalin (P = 0.001) and methocarbamol (P = 0.002). The FIB group received lower doses of narcotics intraoperatively (P = 0.001), postoperatively (P &lt; 0.001) and in total (P &lt; 0.001). The FIB group also self-reported lower first pain scores upon arrival to PACU (P = 0.001) and experienced shorter PACU recovery times (P &lt; 0.001). After controlling for differences between groups, patients who received an FIB required significantly lower amounts of narcotics, had shorter PACU times and lower first PACU pain score than those who did not (P &lt; 0.001). No differences in complication rates were noted between groups. The use of FIB resulted in lower pain scores, reduced recovery time and decreased early postoperative narcotic requirements for patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement. Further study is required to validate these findings and determine the optimal approach to regional analgesia in this patient population.
Methodological Problems in Quantitative Research on Environmental Effects in Phonology
Authors: Hartmann Frederik 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper engages with the quantitative methodology underlying studies proposing a link between environment and phonology by replicating three prominent studies on ejectives and altitude, vowels and humidity, and sonority and ambient temperature. It argues that there are several issues regarding the methodological footing of such correlational studies. Further, the paper finds that the problems of statistically analyzing environmental datasets in phonology run deeper than the focus on individual phonetic features suggests: there are several overarching patterns of correlations to be found in these datasets that, if not understood and accounted for, render mistaking spurious correlations for real effects inevitable. This paper further makes concrete suggestions for what is needed to move beyond pairwise correlational studies between environmental and phonological variables in future investigations.
New evidences in IRDC G333.73 + 0.37: colliding filamentary clouds, hub-filament system, and embedded cores
Authors: Dewangan L K 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTTo unravel the star formation process, we present a multi-scale and multi-wavelength study of the filamentary infrared dark cloud (IRDC) G333.73 + 0.37, which hosts previously known two H ii regions located at its center. Each H ii region is associated with a mid-infrared source, and is excited by a massive OB star. Two filamentary structures and a hub-filament system (HFS) associated with one H ii region are investigated in absorption using the Spitzer 8.0 μm image. The 13CO(J = 2–1) and C18O(J = 2–1) line data reveal two velocity components (around −35.5 and −33.5 km s−1) toward the IRDC, favouring the presence of two filamentary clouds at different velocities. Non-thermal (or turbulent) motions are depicted in the IRDC using the C18O line data. The spatial distribution of young stellar objects (YSOs) identified using the VVV near-infrared data traces star formation activities in the IRDC. Low-mass cores are identified toward both the H ii regions using the ALMA 1.38 mm continuum map. The VLT/NACO adaptive-optics L′-band images show the presence of at least three point-like sources and the absence of small-scale features in the inner 4000 AU around YSOs NIR31 and MIR 16 located toward the H ii regions. The H ii regions and groups of YSO are observed toward the central part of the IRDC, where the two filamentary clouds intersect. A scenario of cloud–cloud collision or converging flows in the IRDC seems to be applicable, which may explain star formation activities including HFS and massive stars.
A study of the F-giant star θ Scorpii A: a post-merger rapid rotator?
Authors: Lewis Fiona , Bailey Jeremy , Cotton Daniel V , Howarth Ian D , Kedziora-Chudczer Lucyna , van Leeuwen Floor 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
We report high-precision observations of the linear polarization of the F1III star θ Scorpii. The polarization has a wavelength dependence of the form expected for a rapid rotator, but with an amplitude several times larger than seen in otherwise similar main-sequence stars. This confirms the expectation that lower-gravity stars should have stronger rotational-polarization signatures as a consequence of the density dependence of the ratio of scattering to absorption opacities. By modelling the polarization, together with additional observational constraints (incorporating a revised analysis of Hipparcos astrometry, which clarifies the system’s binary status), we determine a set of precise stellar parameters, including a rotation rate $\omega \, (= \Omega /\Omega _{\rm c})\ge 0.94$, polar gravity $\log (g_{\rm p})= 2.091 ^{+0.042}_{-0.039}$ (dex cgs), mass $3.10 ^{+0.37}_{-0.32}$ M⊙, and luminosity $\log (L/\rm{L}_{\odot }) =3.149^{+0.041}_{-0.028}$. These values are incompatible with evolutionary models of single rotating stars, with the star rotating too rapidly for its evolutionary stage, and being undermassive for its luminosity. We conclude that θ Sco A is most probably the product of a binary merger.
De novo major cardiovascular events in kidney transplant recipients: a comparative matched cohort study
Authors: Kim Ji Eun , Park Jina , Park Sehoon , Yu Mi-yeon , Baek Seon Ha , Park Sang Hyun , Han Kyungdo , Kim Yong Chul , Kim Dong Ki , Oh Kook-Hwan , Joo Kwon Wook , Kim Yon Su , Lee Hajeong 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Although cardiovascular disease is known to be one of the leading causes of death after kidney transplantation (KT), evidence on the risk difference of de novo major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) compared with that in dialysis patients or the general population (GP) remains rare.

Methods
We identified KTRs using the nationwide health insurance database in South Korea and then 1:1 matched them with the dialysis and GP controls without a pre-existing MACE. The primary endpoint was defined as de novo MACEs consisting of myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization and ischemic stroke. The secondary endpoints were all-cause mortality and death-censored graft failure (DCGF) in KTRs.

Results
We included 4156 individuals in each of the three groups and followed them up for 4.7 years. De novo MACEs occurred in 3.7, 21.7 and 2.5 individuals per 1000 person-years in the KTRs, dialysis controls and GP controls, respectively. KTRs showed a lower MACE risk {adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.16 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.12–0.20], P &lt; .001} than dialysis controls, whereas a similar MACE risk to GP controls [aHR 0.81 (95% CI 0.52–1.27), P = .365]. In addition, KTRs showed a similar MACE risk compared with the GP group, regardless of age, sex and the presence of comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia. Among KTRs, de novo MACEs were associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality, but not with DCGF.

Conclusions
De novo MACEs in KTRs were much lower than that in dialysis patients and had a similar risk to the GP, but once it occurred it caused elevated mortality risk in KTRs.
Upfront molecular targeted therapy for the treatment of BRAF-mutant pediatric high-grade glioma
Authors: Rosenberg Tom , Yeo Kee Kiat , Mauguen Audrey , Alexandrescu Sanda , Prabhu Sanjay P , Tsai Jessica W , Malinowski Seth , Joshirao Mrinal , Parikh Karishma , Farouk Sait Sameer , Rosenblum Marc K , Benhamida Jamal K , Michaiel George , Tran Hung N , Dahiya Sonika , Kachurak Kara , Friedman Gregory K , Krystal Julie I , Huang Michael A , Margol Ashley S , Wright Karen D , Aguilera Dolly , MacDonald Tobey J , Chi Susan N , Karajannis Matthias A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
The prognosis for patients with pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG) is poor despite aggressive multimodal therapy. Objective responses to targeted therapy with BRAF inhibitors have been reported in some patients with recurrent BRAF-mutant pHGG but are rarely sustained.

Methods
We performed a retrospective, multi-institutional review of patients with BRAF-mutant pHGG treated with off-label BRAF +/– MEK inhibitors as part of their initial therapy.

Results
Nineteen patients were identified, with a median age of 11.7 years (range, 2.3–21.4). Histologic diagnoses included HGG (n = 6), glioblastoma (n = 3), anaplastic ganglioglioma (n = 4), diffuse midline glioma (n = 3), high-grade neuroepithelial tumor (n = 1), anaplastic astrocytoma (n = 1), and anaplastic astroblastoma (n = 1). Recurrent concomitant oncogenic alterations included CDKN2A/B loss, H3 K27M, as well as mutations in ATRX, EGFR, and TERT. Eight patients received BRAF inhibitor monotherapy. Eleven patients received combination therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors. Most patients tolerated long-term treatment well with no grade 4–5 toxicities. Objective and durable imaging responses were seen in the majority of patients with measurable disease. At a median follow-up of 2.3 years (range, 0.3–6.5), three-year progression-free and overall survival for the cohort were 65% and 82%, respectively, and superior to a historical control cohort of BRAF-mutant pHGG patients treated with conventional therapies.

Conclusions
Upfront targeted therapy for patients with BRAF-mutant pHGG is feasible and effective, with superior clinical outcomes compared to historical data. This promising treatment paradigm is currently being evaluated prospectively in the Children’s Oncology Group ACNS1723 clinical trial.
Adult brain tumors in Sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review
Authors: Kanmounye Ulrick Sidney , Karekezi Claire , Nyalundja Arsene Daniel , Awad Ahmed K , Laeke Tsegazeab , Balogun James A 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundSub-Saharan African (SSA) neuro-oncologists report high workloads and challenges in delivering evidence-based care; however, these reports contrast with modeled estimates of adult neuro-oncology disease burden in the region. This scoping review aimed to better understand the reasons for this discrepancy by mapping out the SSA adult brain tumor landscape based on published literature.MethodsSystematic searches were conducted in OVID Medline, Global Index Medicus, African Journals Online, Google Scholar, and faculty of medicine libraries from database inception to May 31, 2021. The results were summarized quantitatively and narratively. English and French peer-reviewed articles were included (title, abstract, and full text).ResultsOf the 819 records identified, 119 articles by 24 SSA countries (42.9%) were included in the final review. Odeku published the first article in 1967, and nine of the ten most prolific years were in the 21st century. The greatest contributing region was Western Africa (n = 58, 48.7%) led by Nigeria (n = 37, 31.1%). Central Africa had fewer articles published later than the other SSA regions (P = .61). Most studies were nonrandomized (n = 75, 63.0%) and meningiomas (n = 50, 42.0%) were the most common brain tumors reported. Less than 30 studies reported on adjuvant treatment or patient outcomes.ConclusionsMost publications were hospital-based, and there was significant heterogeneity in the quality of evidence and reporting. This study highlights the need for rapid and sustainable investments and brain tumor research capacity in SSA.
Comparative Effectiveness of Regimens for Drug-Susceptible Tuberculous Meningitis in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Aggregate-Level Data Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sulis Giorgia , Tavaziva Gamuchirai , Gore Genevieve , Benedetti Andrea , Solomons Regan , van Toorn Ronald , Thee Stephanie , Day Jeremy , Verkuijl Sabine , Brands Annemieke , Viney Kerri , Masini Tiziana , Ahmad Khan Faiz , Chiang Silvia S 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Before August 2021, the only regimen recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to treat pediatric drug-susceptible tuberculous meningitis was a 12-month regimen consisting of isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide (2HRZE/10HR). The comparative effectiveness of shorter regimens is unknown.

Methods
To inform a WHO guideline update, we undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate outcomes from regimens of 6- to less than 12-months’ duration that included, at a minimum, isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide. We included studies that applied rigorous diagnostic criteria and reported outcomes for ≥10 children or adolescents. Using generalized linear mixed models, we estimated the random effects pooled proportions of patients with key outcomes.

Results
Of 7 included studies, none compared regimens head-to-head. Three studies (724 patients) used a 6-month intensive regimen, which includes isoniazid and rifampicin at higher doses, pyrazinamide, and ethionamide instead of ethambutol (6HRZEto). Outcomes for this versus the 12-month regimen (282 patients, 3 studies) were, respectively, as follows: death, 5.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1%–13.4%) vs 23.9% (95% CI, 17.5%–31.7%); treatment success (survival with or without sequelae), 94.6% (95% CI, 73.9%–99.1%) vs 75.4% (95% CI, 68.7%–81.1%); and neurological sequelae among survivors, 66.0% (95% CI, 55.3%–75.3%) vs 36.3% (95% CI, 30.1%–43.0%). Relapse did not occur among 148 patients followed-up for 2 years after completing the 6-month intensive regimen.

Conclusions
Our findings are limited by the small number of studies and substantial potential for confounding. Nonetheless, the 6HRZEto regimen was associated with high treatment success and is now recommended by WHO as an alternative to the 12-month regimen.
Approaching 65 Years: Is It Time to Consider Retirement of Vancomycin for Treating Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Endovascular Infections?
Authors: Rose Warren , Volk Cecilia , Dilworth Thomas J , Sakoulas George 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Vancomycin was introduced nearly 65 years ago and remains the standard antibiotic for serious methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. Staphylococcus aureus remains highly susceptibility to vancomycin (&gt;97%). Despite this, MRSA treatment failure with vancomycin is high in complicated bacteremia. Additionally, vancomycin can cause nephrotoxicity, leading to new therapeutic drug monitoring guidance. This demonstrates how difficult it is to dose vancomycin in a way that is both efficacious and safe, especially during long courses of therapy. Often underappreciated are the cost, resources, and complexity of vancomycin care at a time when alternative antibiotics are becoming cost comparable. This perspective highlights a bigger picture of how the treatment repertoires of many other diseases have changed and advanced since vancomycin’s introduction in the 1950s, yet the vancomycin MRSA treatment standard remains. While vancomycin can still have a role, 65 years may be a practical retirement age for vancomycin in highly complex endovascular infections.
A Desirability of Outcome Ranking Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Seven Versus Fourteen Days of Antibiotics for Uncomplicated Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infection
Authors: Howard-Anderson Jessica , Dai Weixiao , Yahav Dafna , Hamasaki Toshimitsu , Turjeman Adi , Koppel Fidi , Franceschini Erica , Hill Carol , Sund Zoë , Chambers Henry F , Fowler Vance G , Boucher Helen W , Evans Scott R , Paul Mical , Holland Thomas L , Doernberg Sarah B 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough a short course (7 days) of antibiotics has been demonstrated to be noninferior to a conventional course (14 days) in terms of mortality and infectious complications for patients with a Gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infection (GNB), it is unknown whether a shorter treatment duration can provide a better overall clinical outcome.MethodsWe applied a bloodstream infection-specific desirability of outcome ranking (DOOR) analysis to the results of a previously completed, randomized controlled trial comparing short versus conventional course antibiotic therapy for hospitalized patients with uncomplicated GNB. We determined the probability that a randomly selected participant in the short course group would have a more desirable overall outcome than a participant in the conventional duration group. We performed (1) partial credit analyses allowing for calculated and variable weighting of DOOR ranks and (2) subgroup analyses to elucidate which patients may benefit the most from short durations of therapy.ResultsFor the 604 patients included in the original study (306 short course, 298 conventional course), the probability of having a more desirable outcome with a short course of antibiotics compared with a conventional course was 51.1% (95% confidence interval, 46.7% to 55.4%), indicating no significant difference. Partial credit analyses indicated that the DOOR results were similar across different patient preferences. Prespecified subgroup analyses using DOOR did not reveal significant differences between short and conventional courses of therapy.ConclusionsBoth short and conventional durations of antibiotic therapy provide comparable clinical outcomes when using DOOR to consider benefits and risks of treatment options for GNB.
Geographic Variation of Infectious Disease Diagnoses Among Patients With Fever of Unknown Origin: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Wright William F , Yenokyan Gayane , Simner Patricia J , Carroll Karen C , Auwaerter Paul G 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Fever of unknown origin (FUO) investigations yield a substantial number of patients with infectious diseases. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify more common FUO infectious diseases etiologies and to underscore geographic variation.

Methods
Four databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched for prospective studies reporting FUO rates among adult patients from 1 January 1997 to 31 March 2021. The pooled proportion for infectious diseases etiology was estimated using the random-effects meta-analysis model.

Results
Nineteen prospective studies were included with 2667 total cases. No studies were available for Africa or the Americas. Overall, 37.0% (95.0% confidence interval [CI], 30.0%–44.0%) of FUO patients had an infectious disease etiology. Infections were more likely from Southeastern Asia (pooled proportion, 0.49 [95% CI, .43–.55]) than from Europe (pooled proportion, 0.31 [95% CI, .22–.41]). Among specifically reported infectious diseases (n = 832), Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex predominated across all geographic regions (n = 285 [34.3%]), followed by brucellosis (n = 81 [9.7%]), endocarditis (n = 62 [7.5%]), abscesses (n = 61 [7.3%]), herpesvirus (eg, cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus) infections (n = 60 [7.2%]), pneumonia (n = 54 [6.5%]), urinary tract infections (n = 54 [6.5%]), and enteric fever (n = 40 [4.8%]).

Conclusions
FUO patients from Southeastern Asia were more likely to have an infectious diseases etiology when compared to other regions. The predominant factor for this finding appears to be differences in disease prevalence among various geographical locations or other factors such as access to timely care and diagnosis. Noting epidemiological disease factors in FUO investigations could improve diagnostic yields and clinical outcomes.
First muon acceleration and muon linear accelerator for measuring the muon anomalous magnetic moment and electric dipole moment
Authors: Otani Masashi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Muon acceleration using a radio-frequency accelerator was recently demonstrated for the first time. Measurement of the muon anomalous magnetic moment and electric dipole moment at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex is the first experiment using accelerated muon beams, and construction will begin soon. The radio-frequency accelerator used in the experiment and the first muon acceleration are described. subject Index
COVID-19 and changes in global agri-food trade
Authors: Engemann Helena , Jafari Yaghoob 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
COVID-19 has raised questions about the resilience of agri-food trade to global shocks to the system. This paper analyses the changes in agri-food trade (values, extensive and intensive margin, and diversification) during the pandemic at global and regional levels. It also considers parallels in the changes in agri-food trade and changes of various COVID-19-related factors (infections, deaths, mobility, policy stringency, and industrial production output). The results show that changes in trade remained limited to short-term disruptions that mostly occurred at the extensive margin of trade and, primarily, at the height of policy stringency, mobility reductions, and the overall reduction of economic output. The trade of staples was most resilient, while that of other agri-food products declined considerably. Inter-regional trade of Asia, Africa, and Latin America and the Caribbean proved generally more resilient than these regions’ intra-regional trade.
Melatonin protects against nonylphenol caused pancreatic β-cells damage through MDM2-P53-P21 axis
Authors: Tao Shasha , Yang Youjing , Fan Yayun , Chu Kaimiao , Sun Jiaojiao , Wu Qianqian , Wang Aiqing , Wan Jianmei , Tian Hailin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNonylphenol (NP) is an endocrine disrupting chemical, which widely exists in environment and can result in multiple system dysfunction. Pancreas as one of the most important organs is sensitive to NP, while the detail toxic effect is still less studied. Previously, we unveiled nonylphenol causes pancreatic damage in rats, herein, we further explore the potential mechanism and seek protection strategy in vitro. Insulinoma (INS-1) cells exposed to NP were observed to suffer oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, as reflected by the abnormal levels of reactive oxygen species, malonic dialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, Ca2+, and mitochondrial membrane potential. Melatonin (MT) was found to alleviate NP-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, further inhibit apoptosis and restore pancreas function. Mechanically, MT induced the MDM2-P53-P21 signaling, which upregulated the Nrf2 signaling pathway. In summary, our study clarified NP-induced INS-1 cells mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, which could be ameliorated by MT through MDM2-P53-P21 axis.