bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on luminescent properties of orange phosphor NaCaPO4:Eu3+
Authors: Shi Rong , Wang Xigui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe NaCaPO4:Eu3+ phosphor was synthesized by the sol–gel method. The structure and luminescence properties of the phosphor were analyzed by thermogravimetric‐differential thermal analysis (TG‐DTA), Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and fluorescence spectroscopy. TG‐DTA results show that NaCaPO4 phase can be formed after 700°C. FTIR spectra confirmed the existence of PO4 units. XRD results show that the sample is a pure NaCaPO4 orthorhombic crystal phase. The TEM diagram shows that the sample has good uniformity. The NaCaPO4:Eu3+ emits orange light under 394 nm excitation. The optimal doping concentration is 3 mol%. The reason for concentration quenching is caused by multipolar interaction. Through further analysis of the charge transfer band and the spectrum at 5D0 → 7F0 transition of the NaCaPO4:Eu3+ phosphor, the reason for the orange light of the phosphor is owing to the different Eu3+ occupancy which is explained in detail.
Epstein–Barr virus DNA change level combined with tumor volume reduction ratio after inductive chemotherapy as a better prognostic predictor in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Xiang Zhong‐zheng , He Tao , Zeng Yuan‐yuan , Liu Fang , Shao Bian‐fei , Yang Tian , Ma Jia‐chun , Wang Xi‐ran , Yu Si‐ting , Liu Lei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo explore the prognosis predicting ability of the combined factors, Epstein–Barr virus DNA change level (EBVCL) and tumor volume reduction ratio (TVRR) after inductive chemotherapy (IC), in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LANPC).MethodsFrom 2010 to 2018, 299 LANPC patients were included in this retrospective study. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to acquire the best critical values. According to the best critical values of EBVCL and TVRR, patients were stratified into low‐ and high‐risk groups. Kaplan–Meier and ROC curve analyses were utilized to verify the prognostic ability of the new predictor (EBVCL+TVRR). The prognostic values among EBVCL+TVRR, EBVCL, TVRR, TNM stage, and the RECIST 1.1 criteria were compared by ROC curve. The primary end points were overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS), and locoregional failure‐free survival (LRFFS).ResultsROC curve analyses of TVRR on three‐year survival showed the best critical values of TVRR was 32.72% for OS, 30.21% for PFS and LRFFS, 29.87% for DMFS. The best critical value of EBVCL was 127 copies/ml for OS, and 87.7 copies/ml for PFS, DMFS, and LRFFS. The three‐year OS, PFS, DMFS, and LRFFS for low‐ and high‐risk groups were 97.7% versus 78.3% (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.2398; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.1277–0.4502; p < 0.0001), 91.1% versus 60.9% (HR = 0.3294; 95% CI: 0.2050–0.5292; p < 0.0001), 94.2% versus 68.7% (HR = 0.2413; 95% CI: 0.1284–0.4535; p < 0.0001) and 97.8% versus 77.9% (HR = 0.3078; 95% CI: 0.1700–0.5573; p = 0.0001), respectively. The maximal area under ROC curve of EBVCL+TVRR, EBVCL, TVRR, TNM stage, and RECIST 1.1 criteria for three‐year OS was 0.829, 0.750, 0.711, 0.555, and 0.605, respectively.ConclusionThe new‐developed indicator (EBVCL+TVRR) could better predict the LANPC patient's survival after IC compared with TNM stage system or RECIST 1.1 criteria.
A case–control study to evaluate the impact of the breast screening programme on breast cancer incidence in England
Authors: Blyuss Oleg , Dibden Amanda , Massat Nathalie J. , Parmar Dharmishta , Cuzick Jack , Duffy Stephen W. , Sasieni Peter 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is uncertainty about overdiagnosis in mammography screening.MethodsWe aimed to estimate the effect of screening on breast cancer incidence and overdiagnosis in the NHS Breast Screening Programme in England. The study included 57,493 cases and 105,653 controls, with cases defined as women diagnosed at ages 47–89 with primary breast cancer, invasive or ductal carcinoma in situ, in 2010 or 2011. Where possible, two controls were selected per case, matched on date of birth and screening area.Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the effect of screening on breast cancer risk, with adjustment for potential self‐selection bias. Results were combined with national incidence data to estimate absolute rates of overdiagnosis. Overdiagnosis was calculated as the cumulative excess of cancers diagnosed in the age group 50–77 in a woman attending three‐yearly screening between ages 50 and 70 compared with a woman attending no screens.ResultsThe estimated number of cases overdiagnosed in women attending all screens in the programme was 679.3 per 100,000 without adjustment for self‐selection bias and 261.2 per 100,000 with adjustment. These corresponded to an estimated 9.5% of screen‐detected cancers overdiagnosed without adjustment and 3.7% with adjustment for self‐selection.ConclusionsThe NHS Breast Screening Programme in England confers at worst modest levels of overdiagnosis.
Mechanical properties of thermoplastic polymers in fused filament fabrication (FFF)
Authors: Bhardwaj Nancy , Henein Hani , Wolfe Tonya 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFused filament fabrication (FFF) is a method used to fabricate initial prototypes out of polymeric materials, with printed parts often being used as load‐carrying elements. The mechanical properties of various polymer materials produced under certain printing conditions exhibit superior strength and ductility and may serve as an inexpensive replacement for metal or wooden parts. To gain knowledge of 3D‐printed part strength and compare the quality of filament material from several manufacturers, this study characterizes the mechanical properties of parts printed from various commercial FFF feedstocks. Uniaxial tensile testing is performed to determine the ultimate tensile strength, Young's modulus, and fracture strain of polymer and composite materials. This study, thus, demonstrates the importance and necessity of evaluating the filament feedstock prior to printing, as polymeric filaments of the same type of polymer can have different mechanical properties.
A peptide interfering with the dimerization of oncogenic KITENIN protein and its stability suppresses colorectal tumour progression
Authors: Kim Sung Jin , Sun Eun Gene , Bae Jeong A , Park Sehoon , Hong Chang‐Soo , Park Zee‐Yong , Kim Hangun , Kim Kyung Keun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe stability of a protein, as well as its function and versatility, can be enhanced through oligomerization. KITENIN (KAI1 C‐terminal interacting tetraspanin) is known to promote the malignant progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). How KITENIN maintains its structural integrity and stability are largely unknown, however. Here we investigated the mechanisms regulating the stability of KITENIN with the aim of developing therapeutics blocking its oncogenic functions. We found that KITENIN formed a homo‐oligomeric complex and that the intracellular C‐terminal domain (KITENIN‐CTD) was needed for this oligomerization. Expression of the KITENIN‐CTD alone interfered with the formation of the KITENIN homodimer, and the amino acid sequence from 463 to 471 within the KITENIN‐CTD was the most effective. This sequence coupled with a cell‐penetrating peptide was named a KITENIN dimerization‐interfering peptide (KDIP). We next studied the mechanisms by which KDIP affected the stability of KITENIN. The KITENIN‐interacting protein myosin‐X (Myo10), which has oncogenic activity in several cancers, functioned as an effector to stabilize the KITENIN homodimer in the cis formation. Treatment with KDIP resulted in the disintegration of the homodimer via downregulation of Myo10, which led to increased binding of RACK1 to the exposed RACK1‐interacting motif (463–471 aa), and subsequent autophagy‐dependent degradation of KITENIN and reduced CRC cell invasion. Intravenous injection of KDIP significantly reduced the tumour burden in a syngeneic mouse tumour model and colorectal liver metastasis in an intrasplenic hepatic metastasis model. Collectively, our present results provide a new cancer therapeutic peptide for blocking colorectal liver metastasis, which acts by inducing the downregulation of Myo10 and specifically targeting the stability of the oncogenic KITENIN protein.
A comprehensive survey on software‐defined networking for smart communities
Authors: Chaudhary Rajat , Aujla Gagangeet Singh , Kumar Neeraj , Chouhan Pushpinder Kaur 
Published: July 2022

SummaryThe need to provide services closer to the end‐user proximity leads to the exchange of a large volume of data generated from the smart devices deployed at different geo‐distributed sites. The massive amount of data generated from the smart devices need to be transmitted, analyzed, and processed. This requires seamless data exchanges among geo‐separated nodes, which results in a considerable burden on the underlying network infrastructure and can degrade the performance of any implemented solution. Therefore, a dynamic, agile, and programmable network management paradigm is required. To handle the challenges mentioned above, software‐defined networking (SDN) gained much attention from academia, researchers, and industrial sectors. Shifting the computational load from forwarding devices to a logically centralized controller is a dream of every network operator who wants to have complete control and global visibility of the network. Also, the concept of network functions virtualization (NFV) in SDN controller is required to increase resource utilization efficiency. Thus, in this paper, a comprehensive survey on SDN for various smart applications is presented. This survey covers the infrastructural details of SDN hardware and OpenFlow switches, controllers, simulation tools, programming languages, open issues, and challenges in SDN implementation with advanced technologies such as 5G and microservices. In addition, the challenges on the control plane and data plane are highlighted in detail, such as fault tolerance, routing, scheduling of flows, and energy consumption on OpenFlow switches. Finally, various open issues and challenges future scope of SDN are discussed and analyzed in the proposal.
A flexible three‐dimensional heterophase computed tomography hepatocellular carcinoma detection algorithm for generalizable and practical screening
Authors: Cheng Chi‐Tung , Cai Jinzheng , Teng Wei , Zheng Youjing , Huang Yu‐Ting , Wang Yu‐Chao , Peng Chien‐Wei , Tang Youbao , Lee Wei‐Chen , Yeh Ta‐Sen , Xiao Jing , Lu Le , Liao Chien‐Hung , Harrison Adam P. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can be potentially discovered from abdominal computed tomography (CT) studies under varied clinical scenarios (e.g., fully dynamic contrast‐enhanced [DCE] studies, noncontrast [NC] plus venous phase [VP] abdominal studies, or NC‐only studies). Each scenario presents its own clinical challenges that could benefit from computer‐aided detection (CADe) tools. We investigate whether a single CADe model can be made flexible enough to handle different contrast protocols and whether this flexibility imparts performance gains. We developed a flexible three‐dimensional deep algorithm, called heterophase volumetric detection (HPVD), that can accept any combination of contrast‐phase inputs with adjustable sensitivity depending on the clinical purpose. We trained HPVD on 771 DCE CT scans to detect HCCs and evaluated it on 164 positives and 206 controls. We compared performance against six clinical readers, including two radiologists, two hepatopancreaticobiliary surgeons, and two hepatologists. The area under the curve of the localization receiver operating characteristic for NC‐only, NC plus VP, and full DCE CT yielded 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64–0.77), 0.81 (95% CI, 0.75–0.87), and 0.89 (95% CI, 0.84–0.93), respectively. At a high‐sensitivity operating point of 80% on DCE CT, HPVD achieved 97% specificity, which is comparable to measured physician performance. We also demonstrated performance improvements over more typical and less flexible nonheterophase detectors. Conclusion: A single deep‐learning algorithm can be effectively applied to diverse HCC detection clinical scenarios, indicating that HPVD could serve as a useful clinical aid for at‐risk and opportunistic HCC surveillance.
A cell penetrating peptide‐modified magnetic/fluorescent probe for in vivo tracking of mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Xie Xing , Liu Wei , Zhu Wanzong , Zhang Gongyuan , Dai Yiyao , Wu Jiumei , Nie Hemin , Lei Lei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDifficulty in precise tracking of the in vivo distribution and migration of transplanted stem cells in a noninvasive way is a great hurdle in regenerative medicine research. Paramagnetic element‐doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) emerge as a kind of promising dual‐modal imaging agents owing to the possibility in combining strong contrast of MR imaging and high efficiency of fluorescence imaging. Herein a kind of Mn‐doped NaYF4‐based UCNPs (NaYF4: 20%Yb, 2%Er, 30%Mn) was developed and then hydrophilized by various coatings, including cell penetrating peptide, DNA, and SiO2. The UCNPs were denoted as Pep/UCNPs, DNA/UCNPs, and SiO2/UCNPs, respectively. Their potential in cell labeling and in vivo tracking applications was comprehensively explored. The results show that the Mn‐doped UCNPs possess high biocompatibility, high cell labeling efficiency, high MR resolution, and importantly a single emission at 660 nm, within optical window for in vivo imaging of biological targets. Particularly, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) pre‐labeled by cell penetrating peptide‐modified UCNPs (Pep/UCNPs) can be precisely monitored in terms of their distribution in mice over a long period of time by simultaneous MR and fluorescent imaging, which provided a noninvasive and double‐checking tool for investigating the destination of stem cells in tissue regeneration.
Approaches to accelerating the study of new antiretrovirals in pregnancy
Authors: Abrams Elaine J. , Calmy Alexandra , Fairlie Lee , Mahaka Imelda C. , Chimula Lameck , Flynn Patricia M. , Kinuthia John , Myer Landon , Khoo Saye H. , Musoke Philippa , Zwerski Sheryl , Zech Jennifer M. , Lockman Shahin , Siberry George K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionWomen who are pregnant or who could become pregnant experience delayed access to or underinformed use of important new antiretroviral (ARV) drugs because of traditional drug development processes that ostensibly aim to reduce potential harm but effectively fail to ensure that timely information about safe and effective use in pregnancy is available.DiscussionThe World Health Organization and International Maternal, Pediatric, Adolescent Antiretroviral Clinical Trials Network convened a year‐long workshop on “Approaches to Enhance and Accelerate Study of New Drugs for HIV and Associated Infections in Pregnant Women.” Workshop participants were tasked with defining key principles and optimal approaches to including pregnant women in pre‐ and post‐licensure trials in order to accelerate the availability of pharmacokinetic and safety data for new ARV agents in pregnancy. ARV efficacy in pregnancy and ARV efficacy for prevention of vertical transmission can be extrapolated from proof of efficacy in non‐pregnant adults, provided that drug levels in pregnancy are similar. However, short‐term safety and pharmacokinetics must be studied directly in pregnant women and should be conducted and included in initial licensure for all new ARVs. Accelerating the timeline for completion of pre‐clinical studies is essential for pregnancy short‐term safety and pharmacokinetic studies to be safely completed by the time a drug is licensed. Composite key pregnancy, birth and neonatal outcomes are critical for drugs expected to have broad use, and studies should be initiated at or soon after drug licensure. Teratogenicity risk cannot be feasibly assessed before drug licensure and will depend on robust post‐marketing surveillance systems. With some modifications, these principles will apply to ARVs used for prevention, two‐drug regimens, long‐acting ARVs and ARVs administered through novel delivery systems.ConclusionsImplementation of the proposed principles and framework will enhance and accelerate the study of new ARVs in pregnancy, resulting in more timely, equitable and informed access to new ARVs for pregnant women.
Digital Credential Evolution
Authors: West Richard E. , Cheng Zui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, we discuss open recognition as a key part of the digital learning/open education revolution, and open microcredentials a method for open recognition to disrupt traditional educational practices surrounding how we recognize and certify learning. We begin with definitions of open microcredentials, badges, verifiable credentials, and similar concepts. Then, we discuss the potential of open microcredentials to impact teaching and learning at the micro-, meso-, and macrolevels. We then conclude with recommendations for practice and the suggestion of a framework to guide research.
Topological invariant of 4-manifolds based on a 3-group
Authors: Radenković T. , Vojinović M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We study a generalization of 4-dimensional BF-theory in the context of higher gauge theory. We construct a triangulation independent topological state sum Z, based on the classical 3BF action for a general 3-group and a 4-dimensional spacetime manifold $$ \mathcal{M} $$
M
4. This state sum coincides with Porter’s TQFT for d = 4 and n = 3. In order to verify that the constructed state sum is a topological invariant of the underlying 4-dimensional manifold, its behavior under Pachner moves is analyzed, and it is obtained that the state sum Z remains the same. This paper is a generalization of the work done by Girelli, Pfeiffer, and Popescu for the case of state sum based on the classical 2BF action with the underlying 2-group structure.
3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 brane webs and quiver matrices
Authors: Cheng Shi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We discuss 3d brane webs and effective Chern-Simons levels for 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 gauge theories. We find that turning on real masses for chiral multiplets leads to various equivalent brane webs that are related by flipping positions of D5-branes. We interpret flips as ST-transformations for chiral multiplets. ST-transformations could turn abelian theories into dual theories with mixed Chern-Simons levels that are interpreted as quiver matrices Cij encoding DT-invariants. We notice that each brane web corresponds to a quiver matrix. ST-transformations of holomorphic blocks are discussed to verify results. We also discuss the movement of flavor D5-branes, which leads to double-layer brane webs and manifests fiber-base duality. In the second part, we compute refined vortex partition functions of nonabelian theories with the gauge group U(N) and find corresponding quiver matrices. The computation shows that on Higgs branch nonabelian groups are broken to abelian groups.
Activation of the hypoxia response protects mice from amyloid-β accumulation
Authors: Ollonen Teemu , Kurkela Margareta , Laitakari Anna , Sakko Samuli , Koivisto Henna , Myllyharju Johanna , Tanila Heikki , Serpi Raisa , Koivunen Peppi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia with limited treatment options affecting millions of people and the prevalence increasing with the aging population. The current knowledge on the role of the hypoxia/hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) in the AD pathology is restricted and controversial. We hypothesized based on benefits of the genetic long-term inactivation of HIF prolyl 4-hydroxylase-2 (HIF-P4H-2) on metabolism, vasculature and inflammatory response that prolonged moderate activation of the hypoxia response could hinder AD pathology. We used an aging model to study potential spontaneous accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) in HIF-P4H-2-deficient mice and a transgenic APP/PSEN1 mouse model subjected to prolonged sustained environmental hypoxia (15% O2 for 6 weeks) at two different time points of the disease; at age of 4 and 10 months. In both settings, activation of the hypoxia response reduced brain protein aggregate levels and this associated with higher vascularity. In the senescent HIF-P4H-2-deficient mice metabolic reprogramming also contributed to less protein aggregates while in APP/PSEN1 mice lesser Aβ associated additionally with hypoxia-mediated favorable responses to neuroinflammation and amyloid precursor protein processing. In conclusion, continuous, non-full-scale activation of the HIF pathway appears to mediate protection against neurodegeneration via several mechanisms and should be studied as a treatment option for AD.
Graphical abstract
Retinal microvascular associations with cardiometabolic risk factors differ by diabetes status: results from the UK Biobank
Authors: Tapp Robyn J. , Owen Christopher G. , Barman Sarah A. , Strachan David P. , Welikala Roshan A. , Foster Paul J. , Whincup Peter H. , Rudnicka Alicja R. ,   on behalf of the UK Biobank Eyes and Vision Consortium
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
The aim of the study was to examine the association of retinal vessel morphometry with BP, body composition and biochemistry, and to determine whether these associations differ by diabetes status.

Methods
The UK Biobank ocular assessment included 68,550 participants aged 40-70 years who underwent non-mydriatic retinal photography, BP and body composition measurements, and haematological analysis. A fully automated image analysis program provided measurements of retinal vessel diameter and tortuosity. The associations between retinal vessel morphology and cardiometabolic risk factors by diabetes status were examined using multilevel linear regression, to provide absolute differences in vessel diameter and percentage differences in tortuosity (allowing for within-person clustering).

Results
A total of 50,233 participants (a reduction from 68,550) were included in these analyses. Overall, those with diabetes had significantly more tortuous venules and wider arteriolar diameters compared with those without. Associations between venular tortuosity and cardiometabolic risk factors differed according to diabetes status (p interaction <0.01) for total fat mass index, HbA1c, C-reactive protein, white cell count and granulocyte count. For example, a unit rise in white cell count was associated with a 0.18% increase (95% CI 0.05, 0.32%) in venular tortuosity for those without diabetes and a 1.48% increase (95% CI 0.90, 2.07%) among those with diabetes. For arteriolar diameter, significant interactions were evident for systolic BP, diastolic BP, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and LDL-cholesterol. For example, a 10 mmHg rise in systolic BP was associated with a −0.92 μm difference (95% CI −0.96 to −0.88 μm) in arteriolar diameter for those without diabetes, and a −0.58 μm difference (95% CI −0.76 to −0.41 μm) among those with diabetes. No interactions were observed for arteriolar tortuosity or venular diameters.

Conclusions/interpretation
We provide clear evidence of the modifying effect of diabetes on cardiometabolic risk factor associations with retinal microvascular architecture. These observations suggest the occurrence of preclinical disease processes, and may be a sign of impaired autoregulation due to hyperglycaemia, which has been suggested to play a pivotal role in the development of diabetes-related microvascular complications.

Data Availability
The data supporting the results reported here are available through the UK Biobank (https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/enable-your-research/apply-for-access).

Graphical abstract