bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing potential hazard of technogenic formations of natural and man-made complexes of some sulphide deposits of the Eastern Zabaykalye
Authors: Tsyrenov T G 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The analysis of chemical composition of technosol and soil samples from Akatuyevsky and Blagodatsky polymetallic deposit mines of the Eastern Zabaykalye revealed that the main pollutant in the soil samples is As. Material excess of the Maximum allowable concentrations was registered for Pb, Zn, Cd and Mn. Calculation of potential hazard coefficients showed that the most hazardous for the environment are man-made formations of Akatuyevsky and Blagodatsky mines. Of all the chemical elements which are most commonly encountered at the Akatuyevsky and Blagodatsky mines technosol the most hazardous are As, Pb, Zn and Cu. It is noted that these chemical elements are part of sulphide ore minerals.
On the problem of cognition of mineralogy and geochemistry of the landscape of mining territories
Authors: Yurgenson G A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A methodology for studying the forms of finding chemical elements in the landscape of mining territories is given. The necessity of mineralogical and geochemical integration of methods is shown, the influence of the forms of occurrence of chemical elements in the landscape on the extent of their absorption by biota, in particular, the coefficient of biological absorption. The dependence of the forecast of the state of mining geosystems on the forms of presence of potentially hazardous chemical elements in them is determined.
Study heat exchange in porous structures
Authors: Genbach A A , Beloev H I , Bondartsev D Yu , Genbach N A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper shows the problem with heat exchange depending on units of thermal power plant equipment. The type of structures is determined and the heat flow for different pressures is proposed. Studies are developed for the condition of the heat exchange surface. Devices with porous coatings eliminate the development of cracks in the components and units of TPP equipment have been suggested. The research is applicable to gas turbine units of TPP. Comparable capillary-porous and flow systems have high reliability, but the former allowed the reduction of coolant consumption dozens up to 80 times. The results show that at higher heat loads it is suitable to use in porous surfaces to control the cooling surface. Evaluation of capillary-porous structures has shown their advantages over traditional cooling systems.
Analysis of methods for assessing the energy efficiency of data centers using the power usage effectiveness method
Authors: Uanov R , Begimbetova A S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The article deals with the analysis of methods for assessing the energy efficiency of data centers according to the Power Usage Effectiveness method. The demand for data centers which consumes a large amount of electricity is growing with the growth of digitalization and the accumulation of big data in the network. The energy consumption of the cooling system for the machine room accounts for a significant part of the operating costs of the building. Free cooling in a refrigeration system reduces energy consumption much more than operating systems with a vapor-compression cycle. In 2006 according to The Green Grid, the assessment method of Power Usage Effectiveness has become an international standard for measuring energy efficiency and is widely used in the design and operation of data centers. In this regard, the operation principles of free-cooling chillers are considered. The calculation example of the system payback in free-cooling is also given.
Models and methods of digital mechanisms in anti-corruption, their advantages and disadvantages, and applications
Authors: Nurkey A , Mukasheva A , Yedilkhan D 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Corruption is one of the main problems in many developing countries. However, the complexity of measuring corruption and its consequences does not allow for its complete study and implementation of measures. The factors and indicators currently known worldwide cannot measure corruption on time scales and depend on a narrow circle of experts in this area. Thus, corruption is easily confused with institutional gaps. In modern society, where the technologies such as Data Science and Predictive Analytics play a huge role, corruption is still omnipresent. The article examines the priority areas of combating corruption using new digital technologies. The main direction of the article is defined as an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the digitalization in the areas of solving social conflicts. The article presents the comparative analysis of technologies of digital anti-corruption compliance in developing countries, on the example of Kazakhstan. At the same time, according to the results, the article discusses the disadvantages of using proposed models due to the peculiarities of the legislation.
Junction temperature measurement in optically-activated power MOSFET
Authors: Rao Sandro , Mallemace Elisa D , Casalino Maurizio , Cocorullo Giuseppe , Dehimi Lakhdar , Della Corte Francesco G 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe temperature-dependent optical properties of silicon carbide (SiC), such as refractive index and reflectivity, have been used for a direct monitoring of the junction temperature of a power MOSFET. In particular, the optical response of a 4H–SiC MOSFET-integrated Fabry–Perot (FP) cavity to temperature changes has been investigated through parametric optical simulations at the wavelength ofλ= 450 nm. The reflected optical power exhibited oscillatory patterns caused by the multiple beam interference for which the MOSFET epilayer, between the gate-oxide and the doped 4H–SiC substrate, acts as a FP etalon. These results were used to calculate the refractive index change and, therefore, the optical phase shift of Δϕ=π/2 corresponding to a temperature variation that can be considered as a warning for the device ‘health’. In practical applications, the periodic monitoring of the optic spectrum at the interferometric structure output gives an essential information about the device operating temperature condition that, for high power operations, may lead to device damages or system failure. Moreover, the optical monitoring of the junction temperature has been combined with the optical activation of the same device in order to design an all-optically controlled power MOSFET. Electro-optical simulation results show that the application of an UV optical beam (λ= 285 nm) leads to the creation of the electrical channel between drain (D) and source (S). The corresponding current density–voltage (JD–VDS) characteristics have been calculated under different values of the optical power density up to 10 kW cm−2.
Generation and evolution of vortex array with variable-ratio lateral-shearing interferometry
Authors: Li Yong , Zhang Junyong , Li Jianlang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Different from the method by plane-wave interference, here an efficient approach is proposed to generate optical vortex array (VA) based on lateral-shearing interferometer, in which the evolution from light spot array to VA can be observed by continuously variable shear ratio in a certain range. VAs with topological charge 2 and 1 are simulated by software GLAD and proved to be effectiveness through optical experiment. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that when the shear ratio approaches to zero, we can stably obtain a VA with high density and variable topological charge.
Broadband reflectors with a disordered layered structure: statistical properties of high performing configurations selected via genetic algorithm
Authors: Fiumara Vincenzo , Addesso Paolo , Chiadini Francesco , Scaglione Antonio 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Disordered multilayers consisting of alternating layers of two lossless dielectric materials with random thicknesses can behave as good reflectors in wide wavelength ranges except for narrow bands where the transmittance is significative. We use a dedicated genetic algorithm to select different configurations (thickness sequences) of such structures which exhibit very low transmittance in the entire visible wavelength range, showing that broadband disordered reflectors with very high performance can be designed. A statistical analysis of the thickness sequences selected by the genetic algorithm reveals that such sequences are characterized by correlated disorder and that the degree of autocorrelation is a key parameter in determining the reflection performance.
Optical image encryption scheme with extended visual cryptography and non-mechanical ptychographic encoding
Authors: Yu Han , Li Yong , Zhang Junhao , Yang Dongyu , Ruan Tianhao , Wang Huaying , Shi Yishi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Non-mechanical ptychographic encoding (NPE) transforms the secret information into series of diffractive patterns through a spatial light modulator (SLM), saving the need to fabricate the secret objects. Conventionally, the shares in extended visual cryptography (EVC) are printed on transparent sheets or fabricated with diffractive optical elements and metasurface, but these methods are expensive and disposable. To solve these problems, we proposed an optical image encryption scheme that combines EVC and NPE. In the encryption process, the secret image is decomposed into multiple shares that are digitally loaded on the SLM, and the ciphertexts are generated according to the ptychographic encoding scheme. The decryption is performed by superimposing the shares reconstructed from the ciphertexts. We present optical experiments to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
High-conductivity flexible Ag films formed by low-temperature and short-time sintering of PVP-modified silver oxalate composite ink
Authors: Fan PeiYuan , Zhang WenHua , Yu Xianglei , Gan GuoYou 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Attaining low-temperature sintering and high electrical conductivity is vital in the field of flexible electronics. Inks with silver oxalate as the precursor have recently received significant attention in this field; however, the high sintering temperature and long sintering time limit commercial applicability. High sintering temperature can shorten the sintering time but lead to porous and uneven film morphology; thus, reducing the conductivity. On the other hand, low sintering temperature prolongs the sintering time; thus, reducing the production efficiency. To solve the abovementioned problems, a silver composite conductive ink modified by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was prepared in this study. The ink used silver oxalate as the precursor, methanol and acetone as the solvent, and 1, 2-diaminopropane as the complexing agent, and could reduce the sintering temperature and time to 160 °C and 20 min, respectively. After sintering, the silver film showed good electrical conductivity, and low resistivity (4.56 μΩ·cm). Furthermore, the impact of sintering temperature on the surface morphology and electrical conductivity were also studied, and the results showed that PVP had a positive influence on the nucleation of silver and the microstructure of the sintered silver film.
The effect of lubricant viscosity on the performance of full ceramic ball bearings
Authors: Sun Jian , Yang Jiaxing , Yao Jinmei , Tian Junxing , Xia Zhongxian , Yan Haipeng , Gao Longfei , Li Songhua , Bao Zhigang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
As a new high-end bearing product, full ceramic ball bearings are favoured in a variety. However, there have been few studies on the lubrication of full ceramic ball bearings. The purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship between the vibration and temperature rise of full ceramic angular contact ball bearings and the lubricant viscosity, and to improve the service life of the bearings. In this study, the effects of lubricant viscosity on the vibration and temperature rise of silicon nitride full ceramic angular contact ball bearings under different axial loads and rotation speeds were tested. Herein, a mathematical model of oil lubrication suitable for full ceramic ball bearings is established and the relationship between the lubricant viscosity, lubricant film thickness, outer ring vibration and temperature rise of the bearing is analyzed. It was found that the vibration and temperature rise first decrease and then increase with the increase of lubricant viscosity. In this range, there is an optimal viscosity value to minimize the vibration and temperature rise of the full ceramic angular contact ball bearing. The contact surface wear of the full ceramic angular contact ball bearing varies greatly under different lubricant viscosities. There is no obvious wear on the contact surface under optimal viscosity, and the service life of the bearing is greatly improved. These results can play an important role in revealing the lubricant mechanism of full ceramic ball bearings and improving their service life under optimal lubrication.
Fabrication and characterization of SiC-reinforced Al-4032 metal matrix composites
Authors: Saini Pardeep , Singh Pradeep K 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Aluminium metal matrix composites (AMCs) have become quite popular for light weight, low cost, and good workability. The present work reports the impact of silicon carbide (SiC) reinforcement on the physical, microstructural, and mechanical characteristics of Al-4032/SiC composites with 4, 6, 8% of SiC (particle size 54μm) fabricated through bottom pouring stir casting set-up. Density and porosity measurements of the AMC samples have been performed using the rule of mixture. The microstructure of the AMC samples has been analyzed using optical microscope (OM), x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The mechanical properties, in terms of the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), elongation, micro-hardness, and impact toughness of the AMCs have also been measured according to American society for testing and materials (ASTM) standards. A maximum 1.52% increase in theoretical density, while a maximum 2.92% decrease in experimental density has been recorded for 8% reinforcement. The UTS, microhardness, and impact toughness of the AMC samples have been found to improve significantly owing to the addition of ceramic particles. The uniform distribution of SiC particles all over base Al-4032 matrix material has been noticed by SEM and OM for AMCs up to 6% reinforcement. The reinforcement particles tend to agglomerate beyond this composition.
Coordinate rings and birational charts
Authors: Fomin Sergey , Lusztig George 
Published: January 2022

Let

G
G

be a semisimple simply connected complex algebraic group. Let

U
U

be the unipotent radical of a Borel subgroup in

G
G

. We describe the coordinate rings of

U
U

(resp.,

G

/

U

G/U

,

G
G

) in terms of two (resp., four, eight) birational charts introduced by Lusztig [Total positivity in reductive groups, Birkhäuser Boston, Boston, MA, 1994; Bull. Inst. Math. Sin. (N.S.) 14 (2019), pp. 403–459] in connection with the study of total positivity.
Even solutions of some mean field equations at non-critical parameters on a flat torus
Authors: Kuo Ting-Jung , Lin Chang-Shou 
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we consider the mean field equation

Δ
u
+

e

u

=

∑

i
=
0

3

4
π

n

i

δ

ω

i

2

in

E

τ

,

\begin{equation*} \Delta u+e^{u}=\sum _{i=0}^{3}4\pi n_{i}\delta _{\frac {\omega _{i}}{2}}\text { in }E_{\tau }, \end{equation*}

where

n

i

∈

Z

≥
0

,

n_{i}\in \mathbb {Z}_{\geq 0},

E

τ

E_{\tau }

is the flat torus with periods

ω

1

=
1

\omega _{1}=1

,

ω

2

=
τ

\omega _{2}=\tau

and

Im
⁡
τ
>
0

\operatorname {Im}\tau >0

. Assuming

N
=

∑

i
=
0

3

n

i

N=\sum _{i=0}^{3}n_{i}

is odd, a non-critical case for the above PDE, we prove:

(i) If among

{

n

i

|

i
=
0
,
1
,
2
,
3
}

\{n_{i}|i=0,1,2,3\}

there is only one odd integer, then there is always an even solution. Furthermore, if

n

0

n_{0}

=
=

0
0

and

n

3

n_{3}

is odd, then up to

S

L

2

(

Z

)

SL_{2}(\mathbb {Z})

action, except for finitely many

E

τ

E_{\tau }

, there are exactly

n

3

+
1

2

\frac {n_{3}+1}{2}

even solutions.

(ii) If there are exactly three odd integers in

{

n

i

|

i
=
0
,
1
,
2
,
3
}

\{n_{i}|i=0,1,2,3\}

, then the equation has no even solutions for any flat torus

E

τ

E_{\tau }

.

Our second result might suggest the symmetric solution of the above mean field equation does not hold in general.
scNAME: neighborhood contrastive clustering with ancillary mask estimation for scRNA-seq data
Authors: Wan Hui , Chen Liang , Deng Minghua 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Motivation
The rapid development of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) makes it possible to study the heterogeneity of individual cell characteristics. Cell clustering is a vital procedure in scRNA-seq analysis, providing insight into complex biological phenomena. However, the noisy, high-dimensional and large-scale nature of scRNA-seq data introduces challenges in clustering analysis. Up to now, many deep learning-based methods have emerged to learn underlying feature representations while clustering. However, these methods are inefficient when it comes to rare cell type identification and barely able to fully utilize gene dependencies or cell similarity integrally. As a result, they cannot detect a clear cell type structure which is required for clustering accuracy as well as downstream analysis.

Results
Here, we propose a novel scRNA-seq clustering algorithm called scNAME which incorporates a mask estimation task for gene pertinence mining and a neighborhood contrastive learning framework for cell intrinsic structure exploitation. The learned pattern through mask estimation helps reveal uncorrupted data structure and denoise the original single-cell data. In addition, the randomly created augmented data introduced in contrastive learning not only helps improve robustness of clustering, but also increases sample size in each cluster for better data capacity. Beyond this, we also introduce a neighborhood contrastive paradigm with an offline memory bank, global in scope, which can inspire discriminative feature representation and achieve intra-cluster compactness, yet inter-cluster separation. The combination of mask estimation task, neighborhood contrastive learning and global memory bank designed in scNAME is conductive to rare cell type detection. The experimental results of both simulations and real data confirm that our method is accurate, robust and scalable. We also implement biological analysis, including marker gene identification, gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis, to validate the biological significance of our method. To the best of our knowledge, we are among the first to introduce a gene relationship exploration strategy, as well as a global cellular similarity repository, in the single-cell field.

Availability and implementation
An implementation of scNAME is available from https://github.com/aster-ww/scNAME.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Life expectancy and likelihood of surgery in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: AFCE and GTE cohort study
Authors: Gaujoux Sébastien , Martin Guillaume L , Mirallié Eric , Regenet Nicolas , Le Bras Maëlle , Pattou François , Carnaille Bruno , Cardot-Bauters Catherine , Groussin Lionel , Faron Matthieu , Chanson Philippe , Najah Haythem , Tabarin Antoine , Sauvanet Alain , Ruszniewski Philippe , Lifante Jean Christophe , Walter Thomas , Carrère Nicolas , Caron Philippe , Deguelte Sophie , Delemer Brigitte , Binquet Christine , Jannot Anne Sophie , Goudet Pierre 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
The overall natural history, risk of death and surgical burden of patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is not well known.

Methods
Patients with MEN1 from a nationwide cohort were included. The survival of patients with MEN1 was compared with that of the general population using simulated controls. The cumulative probabilities of MEN1-specific operations and postoperative mortality were assessed, and surgical sequences were analysed using sunburst charts and Venn diagrams.

Results
A total of 1386 patients with MEN1 were included. Life expectancy was significantly reduced in patients with MEN1 compared with simulated controls from the general population, with a lifetime difference of 15 years. Mutations affecting the JunD interaction domain had a significant negative impact on survival. Survival for patients with MEN1 compared with the general population improved over time. The probability of experiencing at least one specific MEN1 operation was above 95 per cent after 75 years, and most patients had surgery at least twice during their lifetime. Time to a 50 per cent risk of MEN1 surgery was 30.5 years for patients born after 1960, compared with 47.9 years for those born before 1960. Sex and mutations affecting the JunD interacting domain had no impact on time to first surgery. There was considerable heterogeneity in surgical sequences, with no specific clinical pathway.

Conclusion
Life expectancy was significantly lower among patients with MEN1 compared with the general population, and further decreased in patients with mutations affecting the JunD interacting domain. Almost all patients underwent at least one MEN1-specific operation during their lifetime, but there was no standardized sequence of surgery.
Individual slow wave events give rise to macroscopic fMRI signatures and drive the strength of the BOLD signal in human resting-state EEG-fMRI recordings
Authors: Ilhan-Bayrakcı Merve , Cabral-Calderin Yuranny , Bergmann Til Ole , Tüscher Oliver , Stroh Albrecht 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The slow wave state is a general state of quiescence interrupted by sudden bursts of activity or so-called slow wave events (SWEs). Recently, the relationship between SWEs and blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals was assessed in rodent models which revealed cortex-wide BOLD activation. However, it remains unclear which macroscopic signature corresponds to these specific neurophysiological events in the human brain. Therefore, we analyzed simultaneous electroencephalographic (EEG)-fMRI data during human non-REM sleep. SWEs individually detected in the EEG data were used as predictors in event-related fMRI analyses to examine the relationship between SWEs and fMRI signals. For all 10 subjects we identified significant changes in BOLD activity associated with SWEs covering substantial parts of the gray matter. As demonstrated in rodents, we observed a direct relation of a neurophysiological event to specific BOLD activation patterns. We found a correlation between the number of SWEs and the spatial extent of these BOLD activation patterns and discovered that the amplitude of the BOLD response strongly depends on the SWE amplitude. As altered SWE propagation has recently been found in neuropsychiatric diseases, it is critical to reveal the brain’s physiological slow wave state networks to potentially establish early imaging biomarkers for various diseases long before disease onset.