bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LPF/dual-BPF/UWB-BPF reconfiguration utilizing DGS resonators and lumped capacitors
Authors: Mohamed Hesham A. , Ali Wael A. E. , Ibrahim Ahmed A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this work, three successive filter models based on defected ground structure (DGS) techniques are designed, fabricated, and tested to be utilized for different wireless applications. The filters are printed on a RO5880 substrate of an overall size of 22 × 11 × 0.8 mm3. Three DGSs are etched from the ground plane to achieve the suggested band stop features for all frequencies above 10 GHz. The first model is a low-pass filter that succeeded to pass all frequencies below 10 GHz, the second model is a bandpass filter that operated at 4.5 and 9 GHz after using a pair of interdigital capacitors, and the third model covered all ultra-wideband frequency range when a pair of lumped capacitors is utilized instead of the interdigital capacitors. Good consistency between simulated and measured outcomes is achieved for each of the three filters confirming their suitability to be embedded in small-sized wireless devices.
From a Love of Nature to a World of Earth Observations
Authors: King Michael D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article is a reflection on my career in Earth remote sensing and its evolution from an early childhood love of nature. I recount the influence of key people along the way to my development as an atmospheric scientist, and ultimately to my role as senior project scientist of NASA's Earth Observing System, one of the largest science program in the world in the 1990s and 2000s. Special focus is on unexpected encounters and opportunities to learn and explore, and ultimately to play a role in the remote sensing of aerosol and cloud properties from the ground, aircraft, and satellites. A major focus of much of my research at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center was on the development and exploitation of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer that ultimately flew on NASA's Terra and Aqua satellites. As a participant on this science team, I had the opportunity to learn from and collaborate with biological oceanographers, atmospheric scientists, and terrestrial ecologists, and ultimately to publish in each of these areas, far more than my basic academic “home.”
Drivers and Mechanisms of the 2021 Pacific Northwest Heatwave
Authors: Schumacher D. L. , Hauser M. , Seneviratne S. I. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn late June 2021, western North America, and in particular the Pacific Northwest experienced a heatwave with temperatures usually only encountered in hot desert climates. Using a blend of reanalysis data and Earth System Model (ESM) simulations, we disentangle the physical drivers underlying this exceptional event. Our analysis highlights the role of the anticyclonic circulation aloft, which converted previously gained potential energy—some of which by intense latent heating thousands of kilometers upwind over the North Pacific—back into sensible heat through subsidence. We demonstrate that this upwind latent heat release did not only result in a hot troposphere above the heatwave region, but also contributed directly to escalating near‐surface temperatures. Facilitated by the mountainous terrain and dry soils in the region, deep atmospheric boundary layers were established over the course of several days, connecting the air close to Earth's surface to a massive heat reservoir many kilometers above. Anomalous soil moisture acted to raise the heatwave temperatures by 3°C in a large region during the peak of the event, with local anomalies exceeding 5°C. Overall, we conclude that this heatwave was the outcome of an intricate interplay between dynamic and thermodynamic processes. ESM experiments suggest that the same large‐scale atmospheric circulation fueled by enhanced thermodynamic drivers, such as more available moisture for condensation upwind, could enable even more extreme near‐surface temperatures, in particular in a warmer climate.
Structure and Present State of the Astroni Volcano in the Campi Flegrei Caldera in Italy Based on Multidisciplinary Investigations
Authors: Isaia Roberto , Di Giuseppe Maria Giulia , Troiano Antonio , Avino Rosario , Caliro Stefano , Santi Alessandro , Vitale Stefano 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDespite its known reconstructed volcanic history, the structural setting and present state of the Astroni Volcano of the Campi Flegrei caldera in Italy are still poorly defined. Through structural, geophysical, and geochemical investigations, we elucidate the structure and present volcanic activity of the Astroni Volcano, which hosts tuff cones, scoriae cones, lava domes, and lakes on the crater floor. A volcano‐tectonic analysis focused on the entire volcano edifice, coupled with electrical resistivity tomography of the shallower part of the Astroni crater, revealed the main rock formations, faults, and possible fluid patterns within the first 150 m depth. Two main NE–SW and NW–SE trending fault sets were imaged using electrical resistivity modeling and measurements along the wall of the volcanic edifice; they likely delimit a maar‐like structure resulting from the highest energetic subplinian Astroni 6 eruption event and acted as magma pathways during the late eruptive activity stage. A 3D view of the reconstructed resistivity model revealed both deep root‐conduit‐like structures and shallower dome‐like shapes for volcanic edifices on the crater floor. Gas and carbon compositions in the NNE sectors of the Astroni Lago Grande are similar to those of the Solfatara fumarole fluids, suggesting common hydrothermal origin and a possible link with a deep hydrothermal reservoir. This fluid‐emission area along the border of the younger volcanic structure exhibits a +40°C maximum soil‐temperature anomaly. The proposed volcano‐tectonic architecture should improve the unrest scenarios in case of reactivation in this Campi Flegrei caldera sector and the monitoring strategies for the Astroni Volcano.
Magnetic Storms During the Space Age: Occurrence and Relation to Varying Solar Activity
Authors: Mursula Kalevi , Qvick Timo , Holappa Lauri , Asikainen Timo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe study the occurrence of magnetic storms in space age (1957–2021) using Dst and Dxt indices. We find 2,526/2,743 magnetic storms in the Dxt/Dst index, out of which 45% are weak, 40% moderate, 12% intense and 3% major storms. Occurrence of storms in space age follows the slow decrease of sunspot activity and the related change in solar magnetic structure. We quantify the sunspot—coronal mass ejection (CME) storm relation in the five cycles of space age. We explain how the varying solar activity changes the structure of the heliospheric current sheet (HCS), and how this affects the high‐speed solar wind stream (HSS)/corotating interaction region (CIR) storms. Space age started with a record number of storms in 1957–1960, with roughly one storm per week. Solar polar fields attained their maximum in cycle 22, which led to an exceptionally thin HCS, and a space age record of large HSS/CIR storms in 1990s. In the minimum of cycle 23, for the only time in space age, CME storm occurrence reduced below that predicted by sunspots. Weak sunspot activity since cycle 23 has weakened solar polar fields and widened the HCS, which has decreased the occurrence of large and moderate HSS/CIR storms. Because of a wide HCS, the Earth has spent 50% of its time in slow solar wind since cycle 23. The wide HCS has also made large and moderate HSS/CIR storms occur in the early declining phase in recent cycles, while in the more active cycles 20–22 they occurred in the late declining phase.
Direct Evidence for Dextral Shearing in the Shanxi Graben System: Geologic and Geomorphologic Constraints From the North Liulengshan Fault
Authors: Luo Quanxing , Li Youli , Schoenbohm Lindsay , Rimando Jeremy , Hu Xiu , Guo Ailun , Zhao Junxiang , Li Xinnan , Liu Qingri , Jiang Shanru , Li Chuanyou , Sun Kai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Shanxi Graben System (SGS) is one of the first‐order Cenozoic tectonic features in North China. Understanding the kinematics of this tectonic system is crucial for deciphering the mechanism of continental rifting and the deformation pattern across North China. Although the SGS has long been thought to be a right‐lateral, transtensional shear zone, the geologic and geomorphologic evidence for dextral strike‐slip along its internal faults was slim and even controversial. Field investigations, interpretations of satellite imagery, and construction of decimeter‐scale digital elevation models from unmanned aerial vehicle surveys were used in this work to investigate the tectonic geomorphology of the eastern segment of the North Liulengshan Fault (NLSF) in the northern SGS. Although this fault segment was previously thought to be a pure normal fault, the presence of geomorphic features such as right‐laterally offset terrace risers and gullies, along with an analysis of fault‐slip data, suggests a component of right‐lateral strike‐slip displacement. Combined with optically stimulated luminescence dating of offset fluvial terraces, the late Quaternary right‐lateral strike‐slip and vertical slip rates of this fault segment are both estimated to be ∼0.2–0.3 mm/yr. The discovery of dextral strike‐slip along the NLSF provides compelling direct evidence for determining the dextral transtensional kinematics of the SGS. This puts new constraints on our knowledge that the evolution of the SGS is primarily driven by the outward expansion and growth of the Tibetan Plateau and supports the “bookshelf” rotation kinematic model for North China.
Accelerated cortical thinning precedes and predicts conversion to psychosis: The NAPLS3 longitudinal study of youth at clinical high-risk
Authors: Collins Meghan A. , Ji Jie Lisa , Chung Yoonho , Lympus Cole A. , Afriyie-Agyemang Yvette , Addington Jean M. , Goodyear Bradley G. , Bearden Carrie E. , Cadenhead Kristin S. , Mirzakhanian Heline , Tsuang Ming T. , Cornblatt Barbara A. , Carrión Ricardo E. , Keshavan Matcheri , Stone Wiliam S. , Mathalon Daniel H. , Perkins Diana O. , Walker Elaine F. , Woods Scott W. , Powers Albert R. , Anticevic Alan , Cannon Tyrone D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractProgressive grey matter loss has been demonstrated among clinical high-risk (CHR) individuals who convert to psychosis, but it is unknown whether these changes occur prior to psychosis onset. Identifying illness-related neurobiological mechanisms that occur prior to conversion is essential for targeted early intervention. Among participants in the third wave of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS3), this report investigated if steeper cortical thinning was observable prior to psychosis onset among CHR individuals who ultimately converted (CHR-C) and assessed the shortest possible time interval in which rates of cortical thinning differ between CHR-C, CHR non-converters (CHR-NC), and health controls (HC). 338 CHR-NC, 42 CHR-C, and 62 HC participants (age 19.3±4.2, 44.8% female, 52.5% racial/ethnic minority) completed up to 5 MRI scans across 8 months. Accelerated thinning among CHR-C compared to CHR-NC and HC was observed in multiple prefrontal, temporal, and parietal cortical regions. CHR-NC also exhibited accelerated cortical thinning compared to HC in several of these areas. Greater percent decrease in cortical thickness was observed among CHR-C compared to other groups across 2.9±1.8 months, on average, in several cortical areas. ROC analyses discriminating CHR-C from CHR-NC by percent thickness change in a left hemisphere region of interest, scanner, age, age2, and sex had an AUC of 0.74, with model predictive power driven primarily by percent thickness change. Findings indicate that accelerated cortical thinning precedes psychosis onset and differentiates CHR-C from CHR-NC and HC across short time intervals. Mechanisms underlying cortical thinning may provide novel treatment targets prior to psychosis onset.
Cyclin Y regulates spatial learning and memory flexibility through distinct control of the actin pathway
Authors: Seo Jiyeon , Hwang Hongik , Sohn Heesung , Cho Eunsil , Jung Sunmin , Kim Soohyun , Um Seung Min , Kim Ji Yeon , Kang Muwon , Choi Yuri , Kim Jong-Hwan , Kim Mirang , Kim Seon-Young , Lee Sun-Kyung , Ahnn Joohong , Rhim Hyewhon , Jo Dong-Gyu , Kim Eunjoon , Park Mikyoung 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSpatial learning and memory flexibility are known to require long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), respectively, on a cellular basis. We previously showed that cyclin Y (CCNY), a synapse-remodeling cyclin, is a novel actin-binding protein and an inhibitory regulator of functional and structural LTP in vitro. In this study, we report that Ccny knockout (KO) mice exhibit enhanced LTP and weak LTD at Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses in the hippocampus. In accordance with enhanced LTP, Ccny KO mice showed improved spatial learning and memory. However, although previous studies reported that normal LTD is necessary for memory flexibility, Ccny KO mice intriguingly showed improved memory flexibility, suggesting that weak LTD could exert memory flexibility when combined with enhanced LTP. At the molecular level, CCNY modulated spatial learning and memory flexibility by distinctively affecting the cofilin-actin signaling pathway in the hippocampus. Specifically, CCNY inhibited cofilin activation by original learning, but reversed such inhibition by reversal learning. Furthermore, viral-mediated overexpression of a phosphomimetic cofilin-S3E in hippocampal CA1 regions enhanced LTP, weakened LTD, and improved spatial learning and memory flexibility, thus mirroring the phenotype of Ccny KO mice. In contrast, the overexpression of a non-phosphorylatable cofilin-S3A in hippocampal CA1 regions of Ccny KO mice reversed the synaptic plasticity, spatial learning, and memory flexibility phenotypes observed in Ccny KO mice. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that LTP and LTD cooperatively regulate memory flexibility. Moreover, CCNY suppresses LTP while facilitating LTD in the hippocampus and negatively regulates spatial learning and memory flexibility through the control of cofilin-actin signaling, proposing CCNY as a learning regulator modulating both memorizing and forgetting processes.
Dual [68Ga]DOTATATE and [18F]FDG PET/CT in patients with metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: a multicentre validation of the NETPET score
Authors: Chan David L. , Hayes Aimee R. , Karfis Ioannis , Conner Alice , Furtado O’Mahony Luke , Mileva Magdalena , Bernard Elizabeth , Roach Paul , Marin Gwennaëlle , Pavlakis Nick , Schembri Geoffrey , Gnanasegaran Gopinath , Marin Clementine , Vanderlinden Bruno , Navalkissoor Shaunak , Caplin Martyn E. , Flamen Patrick , Toumpanakis Christos , Bailey Dale L. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEPNENs) are heterogeneous in clinical course, biology, and outcomes. The NETPET score predicts survival by scoring uptake on dual [68Ga]DOTATATE and [18F]FDG PET/CT scans. We aimed to validate previous single-centre findings in a multicentre, international study.

Methods
Dual scans were assigned a NETPET score of P1 (DOTATATE positive/FDG negative), P2–4 (DOTATATE positive/FDG positive), or P5 (DOTATATE negative/FDG positive). NETPET score, histological grade, age at diagnosis, and presence/absence of extrahepatic disease were compared to overall survival/time to progression on univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results
319 metastatic/unresectable GEPNEN patients were included. The NETPET score was significantly associated with overall survival and time to progression on univariate and multivariate analysis (all p < 0.01). Median overall survival/time to progression was 101.8/25.5 months for P1, 46.5/16.7 months for P2–4, and 11.5/6.6 months for P5. Histological grade correlated with overall survival and time to progression on univariate and multivariate analysis (all p < 0.01), while presence/absence of extrahepatic disease did not. Age at diagnosis correlated with overall survival on univariate and multivariate analysis (p < 0.01). The NETPET score also correlated with histological grade (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
This study validates the NETPET score as a prognostic biomarker in metastatic GEPNENs, capturing the complexity of dual PET imaging.
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells primed by inflammatory cytokines alleviate psoriasis-like inflammation via the TSG-6-neutrophil axis
Authors: Ding Yayun , Gong Pixia , Jiang Junjie , Feng Chao , Li Yanan , Su Xiao , Bai Xiaojing , Xu Chenchang , Liu Chunxiao , Yang Jianxin , Fang Jiankai , Ji Xiaocao , Chen Yongjing , Li Peishan , Guo Lingchuan , Shao Changshun , Shi Yufang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPsoriasis is currently an incurable skin disorder mainly driven by a chronic inflammatory response. We found that subcutaneous application of umbilical cord- derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) primed by IFN-γ and TNF-α, referred to as MSCs-IT, exhibited remarkable therapeutic efficacy on imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like inflammation in mice. Neutrophil infiltration, a hallmark of psoriasis, was significantly reduced after treatment with MSCs-IT. We further demonstrated that the effects of MSCs-IT were mediated by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) stimulating gene-6 (TSG-6), which was greatly upregulated in MSCs upon IFN-γ and TNF-α stimulation. MSCs transduced with TSG-6 siRNA lost their therapeutic efficacy while recombinant TSG-6 applied alone could also reduce neutrophil infiltration and alleviate the psoriatic lesions. Furthermore, we demonstrated that TSG-6 could inhibit neutrophil recruitment by decreasing the expression of CXCL1, which may be related to the reduced level of STAT1 phosphorylation in the keratinocytes. Thus, blocking neutrophil recruitment by MSCs-IT or TSG-6 has potential for therapeutic application in human psoriasis.
Immune phenotypes that are associated with subsequent COVID-19 severity inferred from post-recovery samples
Authors: Liechti Thomas , Iftikhar Yaser , Mangino Massimo , Beddall Margaret , Goss Charles W. , O’Halloran Jane A. , Mudd Philip A. , Roederer Mario 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSevere COVID-19 causes profound immune perturbations, but pre-infection immune signatures contributing to severe COVID-19 remain unknown. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified strong associations between severe disease and several chemokine receptors and molecules from the type I interferon pathway. Here, we define immune signatures associated with severe COVID-19 using high-dimensional flow cytometry. We measure the cells of the peripheral immune system from individuals who recovered from mild, moderate, severe or critical COVID-19 and focused only on those immune signatures returning to steady-state. Individuals that suffered from severe COVID-19 show reduced frequencies of T cell, mucosal-associated invariant T cell (MAIT) and dendritic cell (DC) subsets and altered chemokine receptor expression on several subsets, such as reduced levels of CCR1 and CCR2 on monocyte subsets. Furthermore, we find reduced frequencies of type I interferon-producing plasmacytoid DCs and altered IFNAR2 expression on several myeloid cells in individuals recovered from severe COVID-19. Thus, these data identify potential immune mechanisms contributing to severe COVID-19.
Evaluating cancer etiology and risk with a mathematical model of tumor evolution
Authors: Pénisson Sophie , Lambert Amaury , Tomasetti Cristian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRecent evidence arising from DNA sequencing of healthy human tissues has clearly indicated that our organs accumulate a relevant number of somatic mutations due to normal endogenous mutational processes, in addition to those caused by environmental factors. A deeper understanding of the evolution of this endogenous mutational load is critical for understanding what causes cancer. Here we present a mathematical model of tumor evolution that is able to predict the expected number of endogenous somatic mutations present in various tissue types of a patient at a given age. These predictions are then compared to those observed in patients. We also obtain an improved fitting of the variation in cancer incidence across cancer types, showing that the endogenous mutational processes can explain 4/5 of the variation in cancer risk. Overall, these results offer key insights into cancer etiology, by providing further evidence for the major role these endogenous processes play in cancer.
mTORC1 signaling facilitates differential stem cell differentiation to shape the developing murine lung and is associated with mitochondrial capacity
Authors: Zhang Kuan , Yao Erica , Chuang Ethan , Chen Biao , Chuang Evelyn Y. , Chuang Pao-Tien 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFormation of branched organs requires sequential differentiation of stem cells. In this work, we find that the conducting airways derived from SOX2+ progenitors in the murine lungs fail to form without mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling and are replaced by lung cysts. Proximal-distal patterning through transitioning of distal SOX9+ progenitors to proximal SOX2+ cells is disrupted. Mitochondria number and ATP production are reduced. Compromised mitochondrial capacity results in a similar defect as that in mTORC1-deficient lungs. This suggests that mTORC1 promotes differentiation of SOX9+ progenitors to form the conducting airways by modulating mitochondrial capacity. Surprisingly, in all mutants, saccules are produced from lung cysts at the proper developmental time despite defective branching. SOX9+ progenitors also differentiate into alveolar epithelial type I and type II cells within saccules. These findings highlight selective utilization of energy and regulatory programs during stem cell differentiation to produce distinct structures of the mammalian lungs.
A soft and ultrasensitive force sensing diaphragm for probing cardiac organoids instantaneously and wirelessly
Authors: Lyu Quanxia , Gong Shu , Lees Jarmon G. , Yin Jialiang , Yap Lim Wei , Kong Anne M. , Shi Qianqian , Fu Runfang , Zhu Qiang , Dyer Ash , Dyson Jennifer M. , Lim Shiang Y. , Cheng Wenlong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTime-lapse mechanical properties of stem cell derived cardiac organoids are important biological cues for understanding contraction dynamics of human heart tissues, cardiovascular functions and diseases. However, it remains difficult to directly, instantaneously and accurately characterize such mechanical properties in real-time and in situ because cardiac organoids are topologically complex, three-dimensional soft tissues suspended in biological media, which creates a mismatch in mechanics and topology with state-of-the-art force sensors that are typically rigid, planar and bulky. Here, we present a soft resistive force-sensing diaphragm based on ultrasensitive resistive nanocracked platinum film, which can be integrated into an all-soft culture well via an oxygen plasma-enabled bonding process. We show that a reliable organoid-diaphragm contact can be established by an ‘Atomic Force Microscope-like’ engaging process. This allows for instantaneous detection of the organoids’ minute contractile forces and beating patterns during electrical stimulation, resuscitation, drug dosing, tissue culture, and disease modelling.