bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unavoidable online education due to COVID-19 and its association to computer vision syndrome: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Roy Simanta , Sharif Azaz Bin , Chowdhury Sreshtha , Iktidar Mohammad Azmain 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, online education and entertainment have increased significantly due to strict isolation and frequent lockdowns. This study intended to explore the prevalence and potential factors associated with computer vision syndrome (CVS) among the postsecondary students of Bangladesh pursuing online education.MethodsIn total, there were 917 postsecondary students participated in this study. Information on sociodemographic variables, and CVS symptom-related variables were collected using a prevalidated self-administered questionnaire. The CVS questionnaire was used to assess an individual’s CVS status. The bivariate association between CVS and other categorical variables was obtained using a χ2test. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to explore variables associated with the CVS.ResultsThe overall prevalence of CVS was 68.16%. Most common symptoms were headache (42.4%), feeling of worsening eyesight (23.2%), and eye pain (23.2%). CVS was associated with educational status (p=0.03), family history of eye-related problems (p<0.001), personal history of eye-related problems (p<0.001), usage of eye accessories (p<0.001), type of device used for online education (p<0.01), average daily use (p<0.01), and usage pattern (p=0.02). After adjusting for confounders, CVS was significantly related to the use of mobile or tablet (adjusted OR, AOR 8.954, 95% CI 1.57 to 51.063), continuing online education for more than 12 hours/day without any break or insufficient break (AOR 7.654, 95% CI 1.625 to 36.053), and previous family (AOR 3.189, 95% CI 1.751 to 5.811) or personal history of eye problems or headaches, or insomnia (AOR 6.214, 95% CI 2.783 to 13.878).ConclusionA high prevalence of CVS was observed among the post-secondary students in Bangladesh. Since an extensive use of digital screens is somewhat unavoidable during unprecedented times, such as COVID-19, educators should include CVS awareness and prevention in their curricula.
Adverse events from nitrate administration during right ventricular myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wilkinson-Stokes Matt , Betson Jason , Sawyer Simon 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundThe current guidelines of the American Heart Association (AHA) and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) recommend that when right ventricular myocardial infarction (RVMI) is present patients are not administered nitrates, due to the risk that decreasing preload in the setting of already compromised right ventricular ejection fraction may reduce cardiac output and precipitate hypotension. The cohort study (n=40) underlying this recommendation was recently challenged by new studies suitable for meta-analysis (cumulatively, n=1050), suggesting that this topic merits systematic review.MethodsThe protocol was registered on PROSPERO and published inEvidence Synthesis. Six databases were systematically searched in May 2022: PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE Complete, Cochrane CENTRAL Register, CINAHL and Google Scholar. Two investigators independently assessed for quality and bias and extracted data using Joanna Briggs Institute tools and methods. Risk ratios and 95% CIs were calculated, and meta-analysis performed using the random effects inverse variance method.ResultsFive studies (n=1113) were suitable. Outcomes included haemodynamics, GCS, syncope, arrest and death. Arrest and death did not occur in the RVMI group. Meta-analysis was possible for sublingual nitroglycerin 400 μg (2 studies, n=1050) and found no statistically significant difference in relative risk to combined inferior and RVMI at 1.31 (95% CI 0.81 to 2.12, p=0.27), with an absolute effect of 3 additional adverse events per 100 treatments. Results remained robust under sensitivity analysis.ConclusionsThis review suggests that the AHA and ESC contraindications are not supported by evidence. Key limitations include all studies having concomitant inferior and RVMI, not evaluating beneficial effects and very low certainty of evidence. As adverse events are transient and easily managed, nitrates are a reasonable treatment modality to consider during RVMI on current evidence.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020172839.
Improved rapid diagnostic tests to detect syphilis and yaws: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Ying , Goh Su Mei , Mello Maeve B , Baggaley Rachel C , Wi Teodora , Johnson Cheryl C , Asiedu Kingsley B , Marks Michael , Pham Minh D , Fairley Christopher K , Chow Eric P F , Mitjà Oriol , Toskin Igor , Ballard Ronald C , Ong Jason J 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundCurrent rapid tests for syphilis and yaws can detect treponemal and non-treponemal antibodies. We aimed to critically appraise the literature for rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) which can better distinguish an active infection of syphilis or yaws.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, searching five databases between January 2010 and October 2021 (with an update in July 2022). A generalised linear mixed model was used to conduct a bivariate meta-analysis for the pooled sensitivity and specificity. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2statistic. We used the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) to assess the risk of bias and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) to evaluate the certainty of evidence.ResultsWe included 17 studies for meta-analyses. For syphilis, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of the treponemal component were 0.93 (95% CI: 0.86 to 0.97) and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.96 to 0.99), respectively. For the non-treponemal component, the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.90 (95% CI: 0.82 to 0.95) and 0.97 (95% CI: 0.92 to 0.99), respectively. For yaws, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of the treponemal component were 0.86 (95% CI: 0.66 to 0.95) and 0.97 (95% CI: 0.94 to 0.99), respectively. For the non-treponemal component, the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.80 (95% CI: 0.55 to 0.93) and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.92 to 0.98), respectively.ConclusionsRDTs that can differentiate between active and previously treated infections could optimise management by providing same-day treatment and reducing unnecessary treatment.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021279587.
Effects of Economic Well-Being on Outcomes at One Year after Volar Plate Fixation of Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: ZHANG Dafang , HALL Matthew J. , OSTERGAARD Peter J. , HARPER Carl M. , ROZENTAL Tamara D. , EARP Brandon E. 
Published: September 2022

Background: The objective of this study was to determine whether economic well-being is associated with patient-reported functional outcomes and range of motion 1 year following volar plate fixation of distal radius fracture. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 200 patients with distal radius fractures treated with volar plate fixation at two Level 1 trauma centres from 2006 to 2017 with 1-year clinical follow-up using a previously published cohort. The economic well-being of patients was assessed using the Distressed Communities Index (DCI). Our outcome variables were patient-reported functional outcomes assessed by QuickDASH score and wrist and forearm range of motion 1 year after surgery. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to compare outcome variables across pre-established tiers of economic well-being. Results: The mean QuickDASH score at 1 year following distal radius fracture volar plate fixation was 10.8 and ranged from 7.3 to 12.2 across tiers of economic well-being. QuickDASH score and wrist range of motion were not significantly different across all tiers of economic well-being. However, wrist flexion–extension arc at 1 year following surgery was significantly decreased in the economically at-risk group compared with the remaining cohort. Conclusions: Patient-reported functional outcomes 1 year after volar plate fixation of distal radius fracture are similar across tiers of economic well-being. Economically disadvantaged patients are at risk for poorer wrist motion following distal radius fracture surgery, though it is not clear if this difference is clinically significant. Level of Evidence: Level II (Prognostic)
Use of a Fascial Reverse Dorso-Ulnar Metacarpal Bone Flap for Non-union of the Distal Phalanx of the Thumb: A Case Report
Authors: ISHIDA Naoya , USAMI Satoshi , TANAKA Kentaro , MORI Hiroki 
Published: September 2022

Reports describing the treatment of non-union of the distal phalanx of the thumb are limited. We present the case of a 45-year-old man who developed a symptomatic non-union after an open fracture of the distal phalanx of the thumb. He was treated with a reverse dorso-ulnar vascularised fascial metacarpal bone flap. Bone union was achieved 3 months post surgery, and he was well at 7 months post surgery. The reverse dorso-ulnar fascial metacarpal bone flap is an alternative to consider in patients with non-union of the distal phalanx of the thumb. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Physeal Distal Radial Fracture with Entrapment of the Tendons of Extensor Pollicis Longus and Extensor Digitorum Communis to Index Finger
Authors: ISAKA Akira , ICHIHARA Satoshi , HIROSE Tomohiko , ISHIJIMA Muneaki 
Published: September 2022

We report the entrapment of the extensor tendons following a growth plate fracture of the distal radius in a teenager. It is difficult to detect tendon entrapment at the fracture site immediately after the injury and diagnosis is typically made after fracture union when patients present with an inability to extend the thumb/reduced digital movement. A careful examination of our patient demonstrated some loss of digital motion and the plain radiographs, and computed tomographic scan showed incomplete reduction suggesting tendon entrapment. Early detection of the entrapped tendons allowed prompt release averting the need for tendon reconstruction. This report highlights the need for clinicians to maintain a high index of suspicion for tendon entrapment in patients with distal radius fractures that present with limited digital motion associated with incomplete reduction. An early diagnosis followed by the timely release can result in excellent outcomes. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Síndrome de Pfeiffer con mutación Trp290Cys del gen FGFR2 y fístula rectovaginal
Authors: Lemos Calle Natalia , Orozco Flórez Caroline , Doria Atencia Jesly , Puello Bermúdez Dionisio , Fontalvo Rivera Dilia 
Published: September 2022

El síndrome de Pfeiffer es una enfermedad autosómica dominante con una incidencia mundial estimada de 1 por cada 100 000 recién nacidos vivos. Se caracteriza principalmente por craneosinostosis, hipoplasia mediofacial, extremidades con gruesos artejos prominentes y sindactilia. Es causada por mutaciones alélicas en los genes del receptor del factor de crecimiento de fibroblastos 1 y 2.
Presentamos el caso clínico de una recién nacida con cráneo en trébol, hipoplasia mediofacial, dentición congénita, proptosis bilateral severa, extremidades con dedos prominentes, sindactilia en pie izquierdo y fístula rectovaginal. A los 10 días de vida presenta perforación ocular derecha que requirió enucleación completa. Progresa con deterioro hemodinámico y respiratorio y fallece a los 11 días de edad.
El diagnóstico clínico y molecular fue de síndrome de Pfeiffer tipo 2a con mutación Trp290Cys del gen FRFG2, que presentó fístula rectovaginal como asociación no descrita, constituyéndose en el primer caso reportado en el lugar de procedencia, pudiendo ser la primera manifestación de una mutación en el gen del receptor FGFR 2 en su área geográfica.
Escenario del cuidado de las personas mayores en los próximos años
Authors: Fasce Gerardo 
Published: September 2022

Comisión del Senado. República de Chile (2022). Avanza ley integral de las personas adultas mayores y de promoción del envejecimiento positivo. Accedido en: https://www.senado.cl/avanza-ley-integral-de-las-personas-adultas-mayores-y-de-promocion-del el 20 de septiembre de 2022.
Ministerio de Salud. (2021). Plan Nacional de Salud Integral para las Personas Mayores y su Plan de Acción 2020-2030. Accedido en: https://diprece.minsal.cl/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Plan-Nacional-de-Salud-Integral-para-Personas-Mayores_v2.pdf el 20 de septiembre de 2022.
Rojas FH, Rodríguez Canache L. & Rodríguez León J. (2022) Envejecimiento en Chile: Evolución, características de las personas mayores y desafíos demográficos para la población. Accedido en: https://www.ine.cl/docs/default-source/demografia-y-migracion/documentos-de-trabajo/documentos/envejecimiento-en-chile-evolucion-y-caracteristicas-de-las-personas-mayores.pdf?sfvrsn=b76bd496_4 el 22 de septiembre de 2022.
Parametric Study of Pulsed Field Ablation With Biphasic Waveforms in an In Vivo Heart Model: The Role of Frequency
Authors: García-Sánchez Tomás , Amorós-Figueras Gerard , Jorge Esther , Campos María C. , Maor Elad , Guerra Jose M. , Ivorra Antoni 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is a novel nonthermal cardiac ablation technology based on irreversible electroporation. Unfortunately, the characteristics of the electric field waveforms used in clinical and experimental PFA are not typically reported. This study examines the effect of the frequency of biphasic waveforms and compares biphasic to monophasic waveforms.

Methods:
A total of 29 Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with PFA using an epicardial monopolar electrode. Biphasic waveforms with three different frequencies, 90, 260, and 450 kHz (10 bursts of 100 µs duration at 500 V or 800 V) and monophasic waveforms (10 pulses of 100 µs duration at 500 V) were studied. Collateral neuromuscular stimulation and temperature increase in the point of application were directly measured. Lesion formation was assessed 3 weeks after treatment by histopathologic analysis. Computer simulations were used to estimate the electric field lethal threshold for each condition. A previous in vitro study was performed to draw a complete characterization of the studied dependencies.

Results:

Morphometric analysis demonstrated a significant association between chronic lesion size and waveform characteristics. For the same voltage level, monophasic waveforms yielded the largest lesions compared with any of the biphasic protocols (
P
<0.05). Increasing PFA frequency was associated with reduced neuromuscular stimulation but also with reduced ablation efficacy. Maximum absolute temperature increase recorded along a complete treatment was 3 °C. Vascular structures inside the lesions were preserved for all conditions. Computer simulation-based analysis showed that waveform frequency had a graded effect on the lethal electric field threshold, with threshold of 600 V/cm for monophasic waveforms versus 2000 V/cm for biphasic waveforms with a frequency of 450 kHz.

Conclusions:
Frequency is a major determinant of efficacy in biphasic PFA. Our results highlight the critical need of disclosing waveform characteristics when reporting the results of different PFA systems.
Service Providers' Perspectives: Reducing Intimate Partner Violence in Rural and Northern Regions of Canada
Authors: Letourneau Nicole , McBride Dawn Lorraine , Barton Sylvia S. , Griggs Keira 
Published: September 2022

Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) persists as a serious challenge, globally, with regions in Central and Northern Canada reporting the highest rates of shelter use to escape abuse, of sexual assault, and of IPV in the country. Despite research into IPV, barriers and gaps exist in understanding what an effective response to IPV in rural and northern communities should look like. Methods To enhance this understanding, qualitative interviews and focus groups with a total of 55 participants were conducted with service providers, including shelter services, victims services, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, counselors, and others (e.g., psychologists). A grounded theory approach was used to analyze data, with findings illustrated in a schematic that conceptualize the challenges service providers experience. Results The findings reveal how an IPV environment, characterized by oppression, abuse, and illness, requires transformation into an IPV-free environment, characterized by empowerment, positive social connections, and wellness. As service providers work to influence this transition, they become experts in understanding the sociocultural context, formal services, and informal supports accessible or not for women experiencing IPV. Service providers encourage social media use into service delivery to improve communication; lobby for rural-specific IPV specialists; and recognize isolation as a barrier to seeking out safe shelter and housing, transportation, and economic assistance. Conclusion In order to reduce rates of IPV, the results suggest we must support service providers, document service gaps, and maximize policy change and community action based on IPV as it is experienced in rural and northern regions of Canada.
Elevated NT-proBNP levels are associated with CTP ischemic volume and 90-day functional outcomes in acute ischemic stroke: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shen Xiaozhu , Liao Juan , Jiang Yi , Xu Yiwen , Liu Mengqian , Zhang Xianxian , Dong Nan , Yu Liqiang , Chen Qingmei , Fang Qi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the impact of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) on CTP infarct core volume and poor 90-day functional outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

Methods
A total of 403 hospitalized patients with AIS in the Stroke Center of the First Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University were enrolled from March 2018 to January 2021. The association between NT-proBNP and clinical outcomes in acute ischemic patients was assessed by logistic regression and adjusted for confounding factors. Also, subgroup analyses were conducted based on treatment decisions.

Results
NT-proBNP was positively correlated with CTP ischemic volume (p < 0.001), infarct core volume (p < 0.001), and ischemic penumbra volume (p < 0.001). Univariate analysis showed that the influence of NT-proBNP and functional outcomes were statistically significant in model 1 (p = 0.002). This phenomenon was persistent after adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index in model 2 (p = 0.011), adjusted for SBP, current smoking, family history of stroke, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus in model 3 (p < 0.001), and adjusted for TnI, D-dimer, PLT, Cr, TC, TG, HDL-C, treatment decisions, and NIHSS score in model 4 (p = 0.027). A high NT-proBNP was associated with a high 90-days mRS score among the total population, IV rt-PA, and standardized treatment groups, but not in IV rt-PA + EVT, EVT, and EVT/IV rt-PA + EVT groups.

Conclusion
Elevated NT-proBNP levels reveal large CTP infarct core volume and poor 90-day functional outcome in AIS. NT-pro BNP is an independent risk factor for functional outcomes.
Perceived barriers to physical activity behaviour among patients with diabetes and hypertension in Kosovo: a qualitative study
Authors: Bytyci Katanolli Ariana , Probst-Hensch Nicole , Ann Obas Katrina , Gerold Jana , Zahorka Manfred , Jerliu Naim , Ramadani Qamile , Fota Nicu , Merten Sonja 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
In a cohort of primary health care users across Kosovo (KOSCO cohort), high rates and poor control  of diabetes and hypertension were observed. These conditions can be prevented and better controlled by adapting to a healthy lifestyle. Physical activity is an important target, as inactivity and related obesity were very prevalent in the KOSCO cohort. This qualitative study aims to identify individual and structural barriers to physical activity perceived by patients with diabetes and/or hypertension so as to inform health care providers and policy-makers in Kosovo on strategies for promoting physical activity.

Methods
Interviews were conducted from July to October 2020 with 26 public primary health care users from five municipalities of Kosovo (Mitrovica, Vushtrri, Fushe Kosova, Gjakova, and Malisheva). The qualitative study was nested into the KOSCO cohort. KOSCO was implemented in 2019 and recruited consecutive patients visiting the public primary health care centres in these municipalities. Participants of this qualitative sub-study were selected if they had a doctor’s diagnosis of diabetes and/or hypertension. The interview guide consisted of questions related to physical activity barriers these patients are facing, despite having received motivational counselling sessions in primary healthcare centres. Data were analysed using a framework methodology.

Results
Three main themes moderating physical activity behaviour were identified: 1) neighbourhood built environment, 2) health-related problems, and 3) social support. The barriers to physical activity related to the first theme were structural features of the neighbourhoods such as: crowded sidewalks, lack of green spaces, lack of proper lighting in public spaces, as well as dense traffic. In regards to the second theme, the main health reasons for study participants to delay physical activity were related to: physical discomfort as well as stress, worry, and lack of energy. An additional barrier to exercise was lack of social support specifically from friends.

Conclusion
The study identifies structural and individual targets for integrated and inter-sectoral physical activity promotion efforts.
Understanding the risk factors for adverse events during exchange transfusion in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia using explainable artificial intelligence
Authors: Zhu Shuzhen , Zhou Lianjuan , Feng Yuqing , Zhu Jihua , Shu Qiang , Li Haomin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective
To understand the risk factors associated with adverse events during exchange transfusion (ET) in severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

Study design
We conducted a retrospective study of infants with hyperbilirubinemia who underwent ET within 30 days of birth from 2015 to 2020 in a children’s hospital. Both traditional statistical analysis and state-of-the-art explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) were used to identify the risk factors.

Results
A total of 188 ET cases were included; 7 major adverse events, including hyperglycemia (86.2%), top-up transfusion after ET (50.5%), hypocalcemia (42.6%), hyponatremia (42.6%), thrombocytopenia (38.3%), metabolic acidosis (25.5%), and hypokalemia (25.5%), and their risk factors were identified. Some novel and interesting findings were identified by XAI.

Conclusions
XAI not only achieved better performance in predicting adverse events during ET but also helped clinicians to more deeply understand nonlinear relationships and generate actionable knowledge for practice.