bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of Different Structured Gate-All-Around FETs at 3 nm Node for Low-Power Integrated Circuits
Authors: Totorica Nathan , Hu Wei , Li Feng 
Published: September 2022

<p> This paper compares different types of GAA FET structures at 3 nm technology node using TCAD simulation, including Lateral Nanosheet, Lateral Nanowire, Vertical Nanosheet, and Vertical Nanowire. Single gate and gate stack structures are included in the analysis. The performance is evaluated using the key device parameters such as on-state current, leakage-current, thresh-old voltage for transfer characteristics, drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL) and subthreshold slope (SS) for short-channel effects. Among the four GAA structures we found that, under the same effective width, Lateral Nanowire structure shows the highest on-state current, but also the worst performance in short channel effects. In contrast, Vertical Nanosheet shows the lowest DIBL and SS, thanks to </p>
EFEKTIFITAS SPIRITUAL DAN DUKUNGAN TEMAN SEPROFESI TERHADAP RASA SYUKUR PEKERJA HARIAN SEKTOR PARIWISATA
Authors: Debi Angelina Br Barus  
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas spiritual, dukungan teman seprofesi terhadaprasa syukur pekerja harian sektor pariwisata di kota Maumere. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kuantitatifdengan pendekatan asosiatif. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 80 orang pekerja harian sektor pariwisatayang didapat dengan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hanya satu variabelyang berpengaruh terhadap rasa syukur yaitu variabel spiritual hal ini ditunjukkan dengan hasil uji sebesar0,001 < 0,05 maka Ho ditolak dan H1 diterima. Sedangkan dukungan teman seprofesi didapatkan hasil ujisebesar 0,116 (p > 0,05) sehingga dukungan teman seprofesi tidak berpengaruh terhadap rasa syukur pekerjaharian sektor pariwisata di Maumere. Rasa syukur pekerja harian sektor pariwisata di kota Maumere beradapada kategori tinggi 42 orang (52,5%), tingkat spiritual berada pada kategori tinggi 43 orang (53,75%),sedangkan dukungan teman seprofesi berada pada kategori sedang 49 orang (61,25 %).Kata Kunci: Rasa syukur, spiritual, dukungan teman seprofesi, pekerja harian sektor pariwisata.
This study aims to determine the influence of spirituality, support from professional friends on thegratitude of daily workers in the tourism sector in the city of Maumere. This research includes quantitativeresearch with an associative approach. The sample in this study was 80 daily workers in the tourism sectorobtained by purposive sampling technique. The results showed that only one variable that had an effect ongratitude, namely the spiritual variable, this was indicated by a test result of 0.001 < 0.05, so Ho was rejectedand H1 was accepted. Meanwhile, the support of professional friends obtained a test result of 0.116 (p >0.05) so that the support of professional friends did not affect the gratitude of daily workers in the tourismsector in Maumere. The gratitude of daily workers in the tourism sector in the city of Maumere is in the highcategory of 42 people (52.5%), the spiritual level is in the high category of 43 people (53.75%), while thesupport of professional friends is in the moderate category of 49 people (61,25 %).Keywords: Gratitude, spirituality, support from professional friends, daily workers in the tourism sector.
Socio-Economic Factors Affecting Water Use in Lower Thiba Sub-Catchment, Kirinyaga County, Kenya
Authors: James Sara , M'Ïkiugu Mutembei Henry , Kironchi Geoffrey 
Published: September 2022

Human related activities affect how water is used. However, there is limited information on the effect of socio-economic factors on water use. This study was to establish the socio-economic factors that affect water resource use in Lower Thiba Sub-Catchment using a descriptive survey design. Qualitative as well as quantitative data was collected from 361 households and 5 focus group discussions (n=366) across the Sub-catchment. The sub-catchment was sub-divided into three zones namely; upper zone, middle zone and lower zone, from where each zone, 120 respondents were randomly sampled and issued with a questionnaire. Data was analysed with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) at a statistical significance of 5% probability level. Data was then presented using descriptive statistics such as tables, graphs and test for significance was done using Chi-square. The results showed that men were more likely to do irrigation farming than women, with 81%, as compared to their female counterparts who had 68%. Most of the respondents (82%) earned between Kshs. 10,000 (87$) and 30,000 (261$) from different occupations; however, 4% of respondents, all of who were farmers earned over kshs 70,000(609$) a month, compared to other types of occupation, indicating it as the main economic activity in the area. The results showed that 57.9% of respondents who had tertiary education preferred formal employment over farming with only 9.9% of them choosing to be farmers. The results also showed 75% of the respondents who owned land were male, with only 25% of the female respondents owning land. Further, respondents in formal employment had a higher ownership (83.9%) of water harvesting facilities compared to those doing irrigation farming at 73%. The results indicate that the community socioeconomic factors within the LTS should be considered by policy makers, as they clearly affect water use within the sub-catchment.
Pengaruh Kualitas Produk, Harga, Dan Lokasi Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Pada Bakso Granat Malang Indah
Authors: Pristiawan Hendra Eka , Mariah Mariah , Bahasoan Shandra 
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam rangka untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas produk, harga, dan lokasi terhadap keputusan pembelian konsumen pada Bakso Granat malang Indah jalan Metro Tanjung Bunga Kota Makassar secara parsial dan simultan.
Dalam melakukan penelitian ini metode analisa data yang digunakan oleh peneliti berupa metode analisis regresi linear berganda.menggunakan koesioner dalam mendapat tanggapan konsumen. kualitas produk,harga dan lokasi serta keputusan pembelian yang akan ditanggapi oleh konsumen dengan sampel sebanyak 80 responden.
Hasil pada penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa secara simultan kualitas produk, harga, dan lokasi berpengaruh signifikan, namun secara parsial yang berpengaruh signifikan hanya variabel harga dan variabel lokasi. Sedangakan variabel kualitas produk tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian. Pada penelitian ini harga merupakan variabel yang paling dominan mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian pada Bakso Granat Malang Indah
This research was conducted in order to determine the effect of product quality, price, and location on consumer purchasing decisions at Bakso Grenade Malang Indah, Jalan Metro Tanjung Bunga, Makassar City partially and simultaneously.
In conducting this research, the data analysis method used by the researcher is in the form of multiple linear regression analysis method. Using a questionnaire to get consumer responses. product quality, price and location as well as purchasing decisions that will be responded to by consumers with a sample of 80 respondents.
The results of this study indicate that simultaneously product quality, price, and location have a significant effect, but partially the only significant effect is the price variable and the location variable. While the product quality variable has no significant effect on purchasing decisions. In this study, price is the most dominant variable influencing purchasing decisions on the Malang Indah Grenade Meatballs
Análisis de la calidad del aire en la cdmx, para identificar la presencia de los contaminantes: pm10, pm2.5, co, nox y so2, emitidos en la cremación debido al incremento de cadaveres en periodo de la pandemia por covid-19
Authors: Hernández Islas Saúl , Sugey Aramis Benavides Fajardo , Márquez Montesino Francisco , Márquez Montesino Francisco , Juárez Juárez Miriam 
Published: September 2022

En el presente artículo de investigación se identificó la presencia de algunos de los contaminantes emitidos a la atmósfera producto del incremento de la cremación de cadáveres por Covid-19 en el periodo marzo 2020 a diciembre 2021 en la Ciudad de México. Esta situación revierte gran importancia, al tratar de encontrar explicaciones al por qué si la actividad industrial, comercial y la movilidad disminuyó considerablemente en la CDMX, no se presentó la misma situación para los niveles de contaminación en la calidad del aire de la capital del país. En la primera parte se analizan los resultados de los muestreos de la calidad del aire para los contaminantes NOx, SOx, CO y partículas suspendidas (PM2.5 y PM10); información obtenida de las estaciones de monitoreo que la Dirección de Monitoreo Atmosférico de la CDMX tiene en operación, y que de acuerdo al análisis realizado, demostraron en sus promedios horarios, diarios y mensuales, que las concentraciones de los contaminantes antes mencionados, se mantuvieron en rangos de calidad del aire de regular a mala.
En la segunda parte se obtuvo información que permite concluir que un gran porcentaje de los resultados de los monitoreos realizados a la calidad del aire, se pierden o desechan debido a que el sistema los determina como “nr” o “menos 99” que significan “valores faltantes”, además de que, al promediar los resultados de los diferentes horarios en cada estación, la normatividad indica que se requiere un 75% de valores para tener información valida.
ПРОБЛЕМА СОХРАНЕНИЯ РОДНЫХ ЯЗЫКОВ У МАЛОЧИСЛЕННЫХ ЭТНОДИСПЕРСНЫХ ГРУПП В ПОЛИЭТНИЧЕСКОМ РОССИЙСКОМ РЕГИОНЕ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ЧУВАШСКОГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ В БАШКОРТОСТАНЕ)
Authors: Халиулина Айгуль Ильясовна , Идрисова Элина Фаилевна 
Published: September 2022

Цель статьи заключается в раскрытии факторов, влияющих на сохранение родного языка у малочисленных этнодисперсных групп в полиэтническом регионе. В качестве объекта исследования выступает чувашское население Башкортостана, которое, по данным переписи 2010 г., составляет 107 тыс. чел. и занимает четвертое место в этнической структуре республики. Несмотря на дисперсное расселение, чуваши в ряде районов проживают компактно и имеют свой языковой ареал. Эмпирическую основу статьи составили данные переписей населения и этносоциологического опроса, проведенного в республике среди чувашского населения. Выявлены факторы и тенденции формирования языковой компетенции чувашей в республике. По данным этносоциологического опроса, установлено, что среди чувашского населения высоким остается признание родным языка своей национальности, что, в свою очередь, показывает уровень этноязыковой идентичности чувашей в республике. У чувашей, по сравнению с представителями других нерусских этнических групп в республике, высокой является доля владеющих русским языком (99 %). Итоги этносоциологического опроса показывают высокий уровень как языковой компетенции, так и речевой деятельности чувашей в республике.
Investigating the Asymmetry of Magnetic Field Profiles of “Simple” Magnetic Ejecta through an Expansion-modified Flux Rope Model
Authors: Yu Wenyuan , Al-Haddad Nada , Farrugia Charles J. , Lugaz Noé , Regnault Florian , Galvin Antoinette 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Magnetic clouds (MCs) are most often fitted with flux rope models that are static and have symmetric magnetic field profiles. However, spacecraft measurements near 1 au show that MCs usually expand when propagating away from the Sun and that their magnetic field profiles are asymmetric. Both effects are expected to be related, since expansion has been shown to result in a shift of the peak of the magnetic field toward the front of the MC. In this study, we investigate the effects of expansion on the asymmetry of the total magnetic field strength profile of MCs. We restrict our study to the simplest events, i.e., those that are crossed close to the nose of the MC. From a list of 25 such “simple” events, we compare the fitting results of a specific expanding Lundquist model with those of a classical force-free circular cross-sectional static Lundquist model. We quantify the goodness of the fits by the χ
2 of the total magnetic field and identify three types of MCs: (i) those with little expansion, which are well fitted by both models; (ii) those with moderate expansion, which are well fitted by the expanding model, but not by the static model; and (iii) those with expansion, whose asymmetry of the magnetic field cannot be explained. We find that the assumption of self-similar expansion cannot explain the measured asymmetry in the magnetic field profiles of some of these magnetic ejecta (MEs). We discuss our results in terms of our understanding of the magnetic fields of the MEs and their evolution from the Sun to Earth.
Changes in the Na D1 Absorption Components of η Carinae Provide Clues on the Location of the Dissipating Central Occulter
Authors: Pickett Connor S. , Richardson Noel D. , Gull Theodore R. , Hillier D. John , Hartman Henrik , Ibrahim Nour , Lane Alexis M. , Strawn Emily , Damineli Augusto , Moffat Anthony F. J. , Navarete Felipe , Weigelt Gerd 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Na D absorption doublet in the spectrum of η Carinae is complex, with multiple absorption features associated with the Great Eruption (1840s), the Lesser Eruption (1890s), and the interstellar clouds. The velocity profile is further complicated by the P Cygni profile originating in the system’s stellar winds and blending with the He i
λ5876 profile. The Na D profile contains a multitude of absorption components, including those at velocities of −145 km s−1, −168 km s−1, and +87 km s−1, which we concentrate on in this analysis. Ground-based spectra recorded from 2008 to 2021 show significant variability of the −145 km s−1 absorption throughout long-term observations. In the high-ionization phases of η Carinae prior to the 2020 periastron passage, this feature disappeared completely but briefly reappeared across the 2020 periastron, along with a second absorption at −168 km s−1. Over the past few decades, η Carinae has been gradually brightening, which is shown to be caused by a dissipating occulter. The decreasing absorption of the −145 km s−1 component, coupled with similar trends seen in absorptions of ultraviolet resonant lines, indicate that this central occulter was possibly a large clump associated with the Little Homunculus or another clump between the Little Homunculus and the star. We also report on a foreground absorption component at +87 km s−1. Comparison of Na D absorption in the spectra of nearby systems demonstrates that this redshifted component likely originates in an extended foreground structure consistent with a previous ultraviolet spectral survey in the Carina Nebula.
Mapping the Thermal Condensation of Diffuse H i in the North Celestial Pole Loop
Authors: Taank Mukesh , Marchal Antoine , Martin Peter G. , Vujeva Luka 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The North Celestial Pole Loop (NCPL) provides a unique laboratory for studying the early stages of star formation, in particular the condensation of the neutral interstellar medium (ISM). Understanding the physical properties that control the evolution of its contents is key to uncovering the origin of the NCPL. Archival data from the NCPL region of the GHIGLS 21 cm line survey (9.′4) are used to map its multiphase content with ROHSA, a Gaussian decomposition tool that includes spatial regularization. Column density and mass fraction maps of each phase were extracted along with their uncertainties. Archival data from the DHIGLS 21 cm (1′) survey are used to further probe the multiphase content of the NCPL. We have identified four spatially (and dynamically) coherent components in the NCPL, one of which is a remarkably well-defined arch moving at about 14 km s−1 away from us that could be a relic of the large-scale organized dynamical process at the origin of the phase transition. The cold and lukewarm phases together dominate the mass content of the neutral gas along the loop. Using absorption measurements, we find that the cold phase exhibits slightly supersonic turbulence.
Cosmic-Ray Ionization Rate in Protoplanetary Disks with Sheared Magnetic Fields
Authors: Fujii Yuri I. , Kimura Shigeo S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We investigate the effects of magnetic-field configurations on the ionization rate by cosmic rays in protoplanetary disks. First, we consider cosmic-ray propagation from the interstellar medium (ISM) to the protoplanetary disks and showed that the cosmic-ray density around the disk should be 2 times lower than the ISM value. Then, we compute the attenuation of cosmic rays in protoplanetary disks. The magnetic fields in the disk are stretched to the azimuthal directions, and cosmic rays need to detour while propagating to the midplane. Our results show that the detouring effectively enhances the column density by about two orders of magnitude. We employ a typical ionization rate by cosmic rays in diffuse ISM, which is considered too high to be consistent with observations of protoplanetary disks, and find that the cosmic rays are significantly shielded at the midplane. In the case of the disk around IM Lup, the midplane ionization rate is very low for r ≲ 100 au, while the value is as large as a diffuse ISM in the outer radii. Our results are consistent with the recent Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observation that indicates the radial gradient in the cosmic-ray ionization rate. The high ionization rate in the outer radii of disks may activate the magnetorotational instability that was thought to be suppressed due to ambipolar diffusion. These results will have a strong influence on the dynamical and chemical evolutions of protoplanetary disks.
The Sparkler: Evolved High-redshift Globular Cluster Candidates Captured by JWST
Authors: Mowla Lamiya , Iyer Kartheik G. , Desprez Guillaume , Estrada-Carpenter Vicente , Martis Nicholas S. , Noirot Gaël , Sarrouh Ghassan T. , Strait Victoria , Asada Yoshihisa , Abraham Roberto G. , Brammer Gabriel , Sawicki Marcin , Willott Chris J. , Bradac Marusa , Doyon René , Muzzin Adam , Pacifici Camilla , Ravindranath Swara , Zabl Johannes 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Using data from JWST, we analyse the compact sources (“sparkles”) located around a remarkable z
spec = 1.378 galaxy (the ‘Sparkler) that is strongly gravitationally lensed by the z = 0.39 galaxy cluster SMACS J0723.3-7327. Several of these compact sources can be cross-identified in multiple images, making it clear that they are associated with the host galaxy. Combining data from JWSTs Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) with archival data from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), we perform 0.4–4.4 μm photometry on these objects, finding several of them to be very red and consistent with the colors of quenched, old stellar systems. Morphological fits confirm that these red sources are spatially unresolved even in the strongly magnified JWST/NIRCam images, while the JWST/NIRISS spectra show [Oiii] λ5007 emission in the body of the Sparkler but no indication of star formation in the red compact sparkles. The most natural interpretation of these compact red companions to the Sparkler is that they are evolved globular clusters seen at z = 1.378. Applying Dense Basis spectral energy distribution fitting to the sample, we infer formation redshifts of z

form
∼ 7–11 for these globular cluster candidates, corresponding to ages of ∼3.9–4.1 Gyr at the epoch of observation and a formation time just ∼0.5 Gyr after the Big Bang. If confirmed with additional spectroscopy, these red, compact sparkles represent the first evolved globular clusters found at high redshift, which could be among the earliest observed objects to have quenched their star formation in the universe, and may open a new window into understanding globular cluster formation. Data and code to reproduce our results will be made available at http://canucs-jwst.com/sparkler.html.
Let It Go: Geophysically Driven Ejection of the Haumea Family Members
Authors: Noviello Jessica L. , Desch Steven J. , Neveu Marc , Proudfoot Benjamin C. N. , Sonnett Sarah 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We present a new model for Haumea’s formation and evolution that relies on geophysical and geochemical data informed from observations of Haumea and meteorites to explain the characteristics of Haumea and its dynamical family. We hypothesize that after the impact of two partially differentiated Kuiper Belt objects, Haumea’s rocky core grew, decreasing its moment of inertia (MOI), spinning it up to the point that icy material was ejected from its surface. This ice, carrying about 3% of Haumea’s mass and 14% of its initial angular momentum, comprises the Haumean dynamical family and the ring system and moons observed today. Later, melted ice hydrated Haumea’s core and it grew, increasing Haumea’s MOI and spinning it down to the modern value. We use the geophysical code kyushu to demonstrate that solutions exist for a Haumea in hydrostatic equilibrium at each of these hypothesized stages. Geochemical modeling using the IcyDwarf code constrains the formation of Haumea’s core and the creation of the collision family to have occurred after roughly 150–160 Myr of solar system evolution (4.41 ± 0.01 Gyr ago). Hydration of the core was complete by about 0.20 Gyr, but a substantial subsurface ocean with half the mass of Earth’s oceans persisted until it froze at about 0.45 Gyr, making Haumea the solar system’s most distant potential relict ocean world.
La souffrance au travail : néologisme, tautologie ou antagonisme ?
Authors: Deharo Gaëlle , Point Sébastien , Gallinari François 
Published: September 2022

La souffrance au travail est-elle le fruit d’une construction sociale pathogène érigée sur des fondations tant organisationnelles que personnelles ? Cet article propose une analyse approfondie de la notion de souffrance au travail. A l’issue d’une revue de la littérature, nous montrons que la souffrance naît d’un décalage entre les facteurs organisationnels et les facteurs personnels. Si bien qu’une bonne compréhension du phénomène de souffrance au travail nécessite de recentrer la perspective de l’individu vers la situation de travail afin d’identifier et d’appréhender les différents leviers d’action.
La nouveauté typographique et les métamorphoses de l’imprimé sous la monarchie de Juillet
Authors: Morlighem Sébastien 
Published: September 2022

En typographie, la nouveauté a longtemps été promue grâce à une catégorie d’imprimés qu’on appelle « spécimen ». Pour autant, cet objet protéiforme n’en est pas toujours le support exclusif. En France, pendant une période allant pratiquement de la fin du règne de Louis XVIII aux premières années de la monarchie de Juillet, une vague de caractères novateurs venus d’outre-Manche transforme la quasi-totalité des imprimés fixes et mobiles, au grand dam des uns et à la grande joie des autres. Les affiches accueillent la créativité débordante des fonderies ; les journaux ouvrent leurs pages à l’effervescence publicitaire en harmonie avec une société de consommation émergente. La composition des annonces se diversifie avec audace, à un tel point qu’elle imprègne le champ de l’édition littéraire. La charge visuelle de la typographie atteint une intensité jusqu’alors inégalée. Un genre va peu à peu se démarquer parmi cette offre démultipliée : l’antique, ou lettre sans empattements. Héritière d’une tradition archaïque régénérée, elle devient à son tour, au seuil de la modernité, une figure du renouvellement. Le récit de son apparition et de son déploiement est bien différent si on s’en tient au spécimen comme seul fil conducteur. En prenant le parti d’en rechercher les premières traces dans la presse et la publicité, la texture d’un tel récit gagne ainsi en justesse et en richesse, laissant augurer in fine les prémisses d’une histoire visuelle de la typographie.