bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operative stabilisation versus non-operative management of mid-shaft clavicle fractures
Authors: Kumar Alla Vasanth , Ramachandra Kamath K. , Salian Preetham Raj V. , Krishnamurthy Sunil Lakshmipura , Annappa Rajendra , Keerthi Ishwara 
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Fractures of the mid-shaft clavicle are commonly encountered in clinical practice. These can be managed either by conservative method or operative by internal fixation. This study aims to compare the outcomes of conservative and operative management. Methods: Forty patients with displaced and comminuted mid-shaft clavicle fractures were included in the study, among which twenty-five patients were treated conservatively and 15 patients underwent surgery and were followed up for a period of 1 year. Time taken for union, functional outcome, complications, and patient satisfaction were compared. Results: In the non-operative group, 28% of the fractures took less than twelve weeks to unite, whereas in the operative group 60% of them took less than 12 weeks to unite. At the end of 1 year, there was no statistical difference in mean UCLA (University of California and Los Angeles) score and the mean DASH score of the non-operative group and operative group. There were more complications in the operative group. Re-operative rate in the operative group was 40%. Patient satisfaction was 80% in the non-operative group, whereas 48% of patients were satisfied in the operative group. Conclusion: Displaced and comminuted mid-shaft clavicle fractures treated conservatively have more advantages when compared to surgically treated fractures.
7 Applications of Chemoenzymatic Dynamic Kinetic Resolution for the Synthesis of Biologically Active Compounds and Natural Products
Authors: González-Granda S. , Gotor-Fernández V. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDynamic kinetic resolutions of racemic compounds provide elegant synthetic possibilities for the preparation of valuable enantiopure organic molecules with a theoretical maximum 100% yield. This chapter describes the combination of stereoselective enzymatic methods with suitable conditions for the racemization of the slow-reacting enantiomer from racemates of various types of compounds, such as alcohols, amines, and amino acids, for the synthesis of biologically active compounds and natural products. This contribution has been divided into three main topics based on the enzyme that catalyzes the asymmetric transformation and the racemization conditions of choice. These are: (i) the use of hydrolases and metal species; (ii) the use of hydrolases without requiring a metal catalyst for the racemization step; (iii) the use of other enzyme classes. A selection of scalable experimental procedures is provided in each case to demonstrate the robustness of the methodology described.
Cyber violence caused by the disclosure of route information during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lian Ying , Zhou Yueting , Lian Xueying , Dong Xuefan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDisclosure of patients’ travel route information by government departments has been an effective and indispensable pandemic prevention and control measure during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, this measure may make patients susceptible to cyber violence (CV). We selected 13 real cases that occurred in China during the COVID-19 pandemic for analysis. We identified several characteristics that commonly appeared due to route information, such as rumors about and moral condemnation of patients, and determined that patients who are the first locally confirmed cases of a particular wave of the pandemic are more likely to be the victims of CV. We then analyzed and compared six real cases using data mining and network analysis approaches. We found that disclosing travel route information increases the risk of exposing patients to CV, especially those who violate infection prevention regulations. In terms of disseminating information, we found that mainstream media and influential we-media play an essential role. Based on the findings, we summarized the formation mechanism of route information disclosure-caused CV and proposed three practical suggestions—namely, promote the publicity of the media field with the help of mainstream media and influential we-media, optimize the route information collection and disclosure system, and ease public anxiety about the COVID-19 pandemic. To our knowledge, this study is one of the first to focus on CV on social media during the COVID-19 pandemic. We believe that our findings can help governments better carry out pandemic prevention and control measures on a global scale.
Talking to animals in a moribund language
Authors: Andrason Alexander , Phiri Admire 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The present article is dedicated to conative animal calls (CACs) in a Kalahari Khoe language, Tjwao. By using a
prototype approach to categorization, the authors test the Tjwao CACs for their compliance with the prototype of CACs posited
recently in scholarly literature. The authors conclude that Tjwao CACs largely conform to the pragma-semantic, phonetic, and
morphological properties associated with CACs across languages. In light of the Tjwao data, a few refinements are also proposed.
These concern the potential prevalence of whistles as the most common sounds not included in the International Phonetic Alphabet,
the correlation of summonses with replication and repetitions as well as front and/or close vowels, the higher frequency of
summonses and dispersals among all semantic types of CACs, and the lesser extent of monosemy than previously claimed.
Graphene Dirac fermions in symmetric electric and magnetic fields: the case of an electric square well
Authors: Ateş İsmail Burak , Kuru Şengül , Negro Javier 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a simple method is proposed to get analytical solutions (or with the help of a few numerical calculations) of the Dirac-Weyl equation for low energy electrons in graphene in the presence of certain electric and magnetic fields. In order to decouple the Dirac-Weyl equation we have assumed a displacement symmetry of the system along a direction and some conditions on the magnetic and electric fields. The resulting equations have the natural form to apply the technique of supersymmetric quantum mechanics. The example of an electric well with square profile is worked out in detail to illustrate some of the most interesting features of this procedure.
A further short history of the SI prefixes
Authors: Brown Richard J C 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A short history of the development and adoption of the SI prefixes since 1964 is provided, following on from the last time a similar article was written, with special attention paid to the recent extension to the range of SI prefixes following the 27th General Conference on Weights and Measures in 2022. A brief future look is also presented.
Nuclear fusion waste classification of K-DEMO under the Korean radioactive waste regulations
Authors: Kim Byung Chul 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The nuclear fusion waste generated by the activation of the constitutent components of the Korean fusion DEMOnstration reactor (K-DEMO) is assessed after the end of life (EOL). Based on the results, an attempt is made to classify the radioactive waste (RW) according to the Korean regulations on RW classification and self-disposal standards. One hundred years after EOL, most (∼90%) of the reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steel structures in the tritium-breeding blanket can be classified as intermediate-level waste (ILW). One-third of the total weight of borated stainless steel inside the shielding blanket can also be classified as ILW 100 years after EOL. The remaining components of the K-DEMO are assessed as low-level waste. Based on this study, fusion waste disposal strategies will be planned in parallel with the advance of the K-DEMO design to minimize the fraction of ILW.
Rotorcraft thickness noise control by tip ventilation
Authors: Szulc O , Suresh T , Flaszyński P 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The paper explains further developments of a new concept called TNC (Thickness Noise Control) of the application of surface ventilation to the reduction of helicopter rotor low-frequency in-plane harmonic (LF-IPH) noise. The TNC method is based on introduction of four cavities covered by perforated plates (connected to low and high pressure reservoirs) and positioned symmetrically at the front and rear extremities of the blade tip. Two operational modes are analyzed: constant (steady) and periodically varying (unsteady) transpiration mass-fluxes. For exemplary two-bladed model helicopter rotor of Boxwell et al. (Bell UH-1H Iroquois helicopter) in hover conditions, the results of numerical simulations, based on the CFD code SPARC (Spalart-Allmaras turbulence and Bohning-Doerffer transpiration models), suggest that the acoustic pressure fluctuations are significantly reduced in the near-field of the blade tip. Moreover, the unsteady approach (designed for forward located observers) is almost equally efficient to the basic (steady) operation mode, while substantially lowering penalties in terms of the aerodynamic performance and required transpiration flow intensity. Finally, it is proven that when TNC is activated, the twisted blade (operating in low-thrust conditions) exhibits lower deterioration of the aerodynamic performance compared to its straight (untwisted) counterpart.
Modeling of free-surface shape in unbaffled tanks
Authors: Płusa T. , Duda P. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper aims to present a numerical investigation of the two-phase flow in unbaffled uncovered stirred tanks equipped with a Rushton turbine. The shaft is positioned eccentrically. As simulation software, the Simcenter Star CCM+ 2021.2 is used to carry out multiphase unsteady simulations. Next, the numerical results are compared with results obtained on a test bench.
Application of high accuracy Penalized Vortex in Cell method for the high Reynolds number turbomachinery flows.
Authors: Błoński Dominik , Kudela Henryk , Strzelecka Katarzyna 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the high-order Penalized Vortex in Cell method applied to flow past an airfoil with a cavity and a T-106A turbine cascade. The first part of the paper treats about the parallel environment and algorithm performance where times for each operation are measured. Then further validation on the flow past cylinder at Re=9500 was shown, and flow past an airfoil simulation results were extended. For unbounded flow with stream-function correction based on Biot-Savart law, velocity profiles at the boundary were shown. A volumetric imbalance was determined. In the second part, formulation of pVIC method for periodic flows was discussed, and an example of calculation with a turbine cascade with a moving bar wake generator was demonstrated.
Numerical analysis of heat and mass transfer through beds of spherical and non-spherical elements
Authors: Szymanek Ewa , Tyliszczak Artur , Marek Maciej 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Many issues related to mass and heat transfer through beds of granular materials are still not fully understood. In this work, non-isothermal turbulent flow is analysed within granular layers of spherical and non-spherical elements. We apply a volume penalization (VP) approach formulated in the framework of an immersed boundary technique (IB) on Cartesian computational meshes. It allows modelling flows around solid objects with almost arbitrarily complex shapes and in any form of contact. The validation of the solution accuracy is performed against ANSYS Fluent simulations using body-fitted meshes and experimental literature data. It shows the capability of the IB-VP approach for the simulations of flows in complex geometries. The main research focuses on the comparison of the influence of various types of particles and their temperature on vorticity, turbulence level and pressure drop inside and behind the granular bed. In particular, we analyse how the shape of the solid particles affects the efficiency of heat transfer in different flow conditions. The obtained results reveal the occurrence of very complex flow structures (recirculation and stagnation regions) inside beds. Comparison of results also point out preferred configurations of the beds.
Effect of the upstream cylinder shape on the flow around the downstream rectangular object in tandem configuration
Authors: Gajewska Karolina , Niegodajew Paweł , Gnatowska Renata , Elsner Witold 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The paper presents an experimental investigation of air flow around bluff bodies in tandem configurations. The first one concerns two square cylinders and in the second one a triangular cylinder was used as an upstream object. Experiment was performed for two different Reynolds number for the fixed distance between bluff bodies. To have an insight into the fluid flow, particle image velocimetry method was used. Particular attention was paid to examine the effect of the upstream cylinder shape on the flow around the downstream body.
Simulation of sloshing in the moon pool with Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics
Authors: Spricigo E , Pozorski J 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn maritime heavy industry, the moon pool is an opening through the hull of some vessels. We replicate a generic design of the pool with the Lagrangian approach Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) whose mathematical model efficiently simulates the interphasial surface. In this study we present the capability of our in-house SPH code to handle the sloshing in the moon pool. We validate the SPH approach to flows for the sloshing tank benchmark and show the stability of this approach for the non-trivial case of the moon pool.
Fabrication, control, and modeling of robots inspired by flagella and cilia
Authors: Lim Sangmin , Du Yayun , Lee Yongkyu , Panda Shivam Kumar , Tong Dezhong , Khalid Jawed M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Flagella and cilia are slender structures that serve important functionalities in the microscopic world through their locomotion induced by fluid and structure interaction. With recent developments in microscopy, fabrication, biology, and modeling capability, robots inspired by the locomotion of these organelles in low Reynolds number flow have been manufactured and tested on the micro-and macro-scale, ranging from medical in vivo microbots, microfluidics to macro prototypes. We present a collection of modeling theories, control principles, and fabrication methods for flagellated and ciliary robots.
Mechanical properties of high strength concrete incorporating chopped basalt fibers: experimental and analytical study
Authors: Gupta Mohit , Raj Ritu , Sahu Anil Kumar 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Many civil engineering structures are constructed in terms of aspect like economy, strength and serviceability requirement. The fibres play a prominent role in bridging the micro cracks at the early stage of crack propagation and makes the structure ductile. The impact of chopped basalt fibre on high-strength reinforced concrete composites is the focus of this research. The chopped basalt fibre hardened property of concrete was investigated and compared it with controlled concrete. Moreover, physical property of concrete i.e. slump cone and compaction factor incorporating chopped basalt fibre volume fraction in variation of 0%,0.75%,1.5%,2.25%,3% to the total volume of concrete mix was also investigated. To analyse the hardened properties of chopped basalt fibre high strength concrete, 135 test samples were made and cured for 7, 14, and 28 days. The test findings show that increasing the volume percentage of fibres reduces slump from 135 mm to 132 mm for BFHS0.75 but does not result in a significant increase in concrete compressive strength of 77.1 MPa for BFHS0.75 However, on addition of chopped basalt fibres at 2.25% (BFHS2.25) the percentage increment of flexural strength increases by 72.8% (10.3 MPa) with control mix (5.96 MPa) and after that it decreases when 3% fibres were incorporated. Similarly, split-tensile strength increases at all fibre dosage and fibre addition of 3% (BFHS3) increases by 12.28% (5.65 MPa) with controlled concrete (5.04 MPa). The analytical results and suggested regression model could be used in real-world situations with fiber reinforced high strength concrete related issues. There is a significant relationship between mechanical property and independent variable through ANOVA in SPSS.
Towards low-cost sodium-ion batteries: electrode behavior of graphite electrodes obtained from spheroidization waste fractions and their structure-property relations
Authors: Escher Ines , Mancini Marilena , Martin Jan , Janßen Knut Arne , Axmann Peter , Adelhelm Philipp 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) typically show spherical particle shapes. For cathode materials, the spherical shape is obtained through the synthesis method. For graphite, the by far most popular anode material for LIBs, spherical particles are obtained through a spheroidization process. The yield of that process is quite low and limited to about 50%, leaving substantial amounts of by-products. Using such lower quality by-products would be quite attractive for developing low-cost energy stores like sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), for which the requirements for particle sizes and shapes might be less strict as compared to high performing LIBs. Here, we study three different graphite ‘waste fractions’ as anode material for SIBs that are obtained from the spheroidization process and how they compare to LIB battery grade material. Only negligible differences between the fractions are found when analyzing them with x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and elemental analysis (EA). More clear differences can be seen from N2 physisorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle size analysis. For example, the surface areas of the ‘waste fractions’ can become roughly up to twice as large as compared to the battery grade fraction and the d
50 values shift by up to 11.9 µm to lower numbers. Electrochemical measurements show that the ‘waste fractions’ can deliver the full electrode capacity and behave similar to the battery grade fraction up to 10 C. However, the higher surface areas lead to more irreversible losses in the first cycle. A surprising finding is that all graphite fractions show almost identical discharge voltages, while the charging voltages differ by as much as 200 mV. This asymmetric behavior only occurs in SIBs and not in LIBs, which indicates a more complex storage behavior in case of sodium.
Bifunctional flexible electrochromic energy storage devices based on silver nanowire flexible transparent electrodes
Authors: Zhang He , Sun Fangyuan , Cao Ge , Zhou Dongyan , Zhang Guofan , Feng Jiayun , Wang Shang , Su Fengyu , Tian Yanqing , Liu Yan Jun , Tian Yanhong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Flexible electrochromic energy storage devices (FECESDs) for powering flexible electronics have attracted considerable attention. Silver nanowires (AgNWs) are one kind of the most promising flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) materials for the emerging flexible devices. Currently, fabricating FECESD based on AgNWs FTEs is still hindered by their intrinsic poor electrochemical stability. To address this issue, a hybrid AgNWs/Co(OH)2/PEDOT:PSS electrode is proposed. The PEDOT:PSS could not only improve the resistance against electrochemical corrosion of AgNWs, but also work as functional layer to realize the color-changing and energy storage properties. Moreover, the Co(OH)2 interlayer further improved the color-changing and energy storage performance. Based on the improvement, we assembled the symmetrical FECESDs. Under the same condition, the areal capacitance (0.8 mF cm−2) and coloration efficiency (269.80 cm2 C−1) of AgNWs/Co(OH)2/PEDOT:PSS FECESDs were obviously higher than AgNWs/PEDOT:PSS FECESDs. Furthermore, the obtained FECESDs exhibited excellent stability against the mechanical deformation. The areal capacitance remained stable during 1000 times cyclic bending with a 25 mm curvature radius. These results demonstrated the broad application potential of the AgNWs/Co(OH)2/PEDOT:PSS FECESD for the emerging portable and multifunctional electronics.
Advancing disease genomics beyond COVID-19 and reducing health disparities: what does the future hold for Africa?
Authors: Ibe Chibuike , Otu Akaninyene Asuquo , Mnyambwa Nicholaus P 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has ushered in high-throughput sequencing technology as an essential public health tool. Scaling up and operationalizing genomics in Africa is crucial as enhanced capacity for genome sequencing could address key health problems relevant to African populations. High-quality genomics research can be leveraged to improve diagnosis, understand the aetiology of unexplained illnesses, improve surveillance of infectious diseases and inform efficient control and therapeutic methods of known, rare and emerging infectious diseases. Achieving these within Africa requires strong commitment from stakeholders. A roadmap is needed to guide training of scientists, infrastructural development, research funding, international collaboration as well as promote public–private partnerships. Although the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly boosted genomics capacity in Africa, the continent still lags other regions. Here, we highlighted key initiatives in genomics research and efforts to address health challenges facing the diverse and fast-growing populations on the continent. We explore the scalability of genomic tools and techniques to tackle a broader range of infectious diseases in Africa, a continent that desperately requires a boost from genomic science.
Easy NanoString nCounter data analysis with the NanoTube
Authors: Class Caleb A , Lukan Caiden J , Bristow Christopher A , Do Kim-Anh 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSummaryThe NanoTube is an open-source pipeline that simplifies the processing, quality control, normalization and analysis of NanoString nCounter gene expression data. It is implemented in an extensible R library, which performs a variety of gene expression analysis techniques and contains additional functions for integration with other R libraries performing advanced NanoString analysis techniques. Additionally, the NanoTube web application is available as a simple tool for researchers without programming expertise.Availability and implementationThe NanoTube R package is available on Bioconductor under the GPL-3 license (https://www.bioconductor.org/packages/NanoTube/). The R-Shiny application can be downloaded at https://github.com/calebclass/Shiny-NanoTube, or a simplified version of this application can be run on all major browsers, at https://research.butler.edu/nanotube/.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.