bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food and nutrient intakes and compliance with recommendations in school-aged children in Ireland: findings from the National Children’s Food Survey II (2017–2018) and changes since 2003–2004.
Authors: Kehoe Laura , Buffini Maria , McNulty Breige A. , Kearney John M. , Flynn Albert , Walton Janette 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe childhood years represent a period of increased nutrient requirements during which a balanced diet is important to ensure optimal growth and development. The aim of this study was to examine food and nutrient intakes and compliance with recommendations in school-aged children in Ireland and to examine changes over time. Analyses were based on two National Children’s Food Surveys; NCFS (2003–2004) (n 594) and NCFS II (2017–2018) (n 600) which estimated food and nutrient intakes in nationally representative samples of children (5–12 years) using weighed food records (NCFS: 7-d; NCFS II: 4-d). This study found that nutrient intakes among school-aged children in Ireland are generally in compliance with recommendations; however, this population group have higher intakes of saturated fat, free sugars and salt, and lower intakes of dietary fibre than recommended. Furthermore, significant proportions have inadequate intakes of vitamin D, Ca, Fe and folate. Some of the key dietary changes that have occurred since the NCFS (2003–2004) include decreased intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages, fruit juice, milk and potatoes, and increased intakes of wholemeal/brown bread, high-fibre ready-to-eat breakfast cereals, porridge, pasta and whole fruit. Future strategies to address the nutrient gaps identified among this population group could include the continued promotion of healthy food choices (including education around ‘healthy’ lifestyles and food marketing restrictions), improvements of the food supply through reformulation (fat, sugar, salt, dietary fibre), food fortification for micronutrients of concern (voluntary or mandatory) and/or nutritional supplement recommendations (for nutrients unlikely to be sufficient from food intake alone).
Thalamocortical connectivity and its relationship with symptoms and cognition across the psychosis continuum
Authors: Ramsay Ian S. , Mueller Bryon , Ma Yizhou , Shen Chen , Sponheim Scott R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundCoordination between the thalamus and cortex is necessary for efficient processing of sensory information and appears disrupted in schizophrenia. The significance of this disrupted coordination (i.e. thalamocortical dysconnectivity) to the symptoms and cognitive deficits of schizophrenia is unclear. It is also unknown whether similar dysconnectivity is observed in other forms of psychotic psychopathology and associated with familial risk for psychosis. Here we examine the relevance of thalamocortical connectivity to the clinical symptoms and cognition of patients with psychotic psychopathology, their first-degree biological relatives, and a group of healthy controls.MethodPatients with a schizophrenia-spectrum diagnosis (N = 100) or bipolar disorder with a history of psychosis (N = 33), their first-degree relatives (N = 73), and a group of healthy controls (N = 43) underwent resting functional MRI in addition to clinical and cognitive assessments as part of the Psychosis Human Connectome Project. A bilateral mediodorsal thalamus seed-based analysis was used to measure thalamocortical connectivity and test for group differences, as well as associations with symptomatology and cognition.ResultsReduced connectivity from mediodorsal thalamus to insular, orbitofrontal, and cerebellar regions was seen in schizophrenia. Across groups, greater symptomatology was related to less thalamocortical connectivity to the left middle frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate, right insula, and cerebellum. Poorer cognition was related to less thalamocortical connectivity to bilateral insula. Analyses revealed similar patterns of dysconnectivity across patient groups and their relatives.ConclusionsReduced thalamo-prefrontal-cerebellar and thalamo-insular connectivity may contribute to clinical symptomatology and cognitive deficits in patients with psychosis as well as individuals with familial risk for psychotic psychopathology.
Psychological distress in sons as resident carers of older mothers in Japan
Authors: Tanaka Haruna , Greiner Chieko 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn Japan, care-giving sons are noted for their high rates of abuse of care recipients. This study revealed, for the first time, the difficulties unique to sons caring for their mothers. All sons used long-term care insurance services. However, they provided care that could not be covered by such public services while harbouring psychological distress. In this study, we interviewed 13 sons living with their older mothers as the primary carer and conducted a thematic analysis focusing on their psychological distress. As part of our study findings, we have identified nine themes during analysis: uncomfortable feelings that cannot be mitigated as a son; feeling of futility in being unrecognised as a carer; fear of losing something important; a strong sense of responsibility for one's mother's life; disappointment in being unable to obtain understanding and co-operation from one's siblings in providing care; irritation and anger towards one's wayward mother; guilt about treatment of one's mother; sense of exhaustion due to demanding care; and experiencing hopelessness and despair. Thus, it is important to understand what psychological distress carers experience and to consider possible approaches for their support. The study findings provide suggestions for long-term care support in regions, such as East Asia, where the numbers of son carers are increasing inevitably owing to declining birth rates and ageing population, as in Japan.
How U.S. Health Policy Embraced Markets and Helped Wall Street Gentrify Medicine
Authors: BRIDGMAN PERKINS BARBARA 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article examines the financial industry’s critical role in retargeting U.S. health policy goals of improving peoples’ health in the 1960s to those of expanding institutional wealth in the 1970s. Government collaborated with finance to support not-for-profit hospitals’ use of debt to build services that augmented capital and operated like for-profit businesses. Certificate of Need, hospital rate review, and national health planning programs came to assess hospital performance in terms of capital formation, returns on investment, and bond ratings. The regulatory programs helped gentrify medicine by reinforcing selective investment in lucrative, high-tech services that market specialty procedures to affluent populations in place of disease control, primary care, and general acute care for all. Their actions laid the groundwork for the 1980s finance industry coup, which employed market ideology to dominate health policy at the expense of equality, effectiveness, and public health governance.
What are farmers' perceptions about farmland landbirds? A Galapagos Islands perspective
Authors: Geladi Ilke , Henry Pierre-Yves , Couenberg Paulina , Welsh Rick , Fessl Birgit 
Published: September 2022

AbstractConservation practices in agricultural landscapes can greatly mitigate biodiversity loss. However, agricultural landscapes are embedded in complex, social-ecological systems and therefore require a strong social-ecological approach for effective conservation measures. The Galapagos Islands are globally recognized for their high levels of biodiversity. Nevertheless, in recent years, Galapagos landbirds have suffered rapid declines, specifically in the agricultural zone. Our study is the first to examine the farmers’ perception of landbirds in the agricultural zone of Santa Cruz, Galapagos Islands. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 38 farmers to characterize the relationship between farmers and landbirds including how landbirds affect farmers and farmers’ perceptions of landbirds. The interviewed farmers managed a diverse array of farm types including coffee in agroforestry settings (23.7%), small-scale fruit and vegetable (60.5%) and livestock production (15.8%). We found that 86.9% of farmers had a positive or neutral perception of birds despite 52.6% of farmers finding finches bothersome. The most common techniques farmers employed to deter birds were putting out food and water, using nets to protect seedbeds and crops and using protective tubes around young plants. Our results suggest a positive potential for future conservation work targeted on farmland biodiversity. Future conservation projects should also address disservices and the mitigation of crop raiding by landbirds, the uninformed use of pesticides and other pest issues such as ants and rats.
Case‐Control Study on a Decade of Ground‐Based Magnetometers in California Reveals Modest Signal 24–72 hr Prior to Earthquakes
Authors: Heavlin William D. , Kappler Karl , Yang Lusann , Fan Minjie , Hickey Jason , Lemon James , MacLean Laura , Bleier Thomas , Riley Patrick , Schneider Daniel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMagnetic field changes as earthquake precursors have been the subject of numerous studies and some controversy. Infrequent large earthquakes and sparse magnetometer coverage along fault zones complicate statistical analysis. We present an analysis of ground‐based magnetic time‐series measurements before 19 earthquakes ≥M4.5 in California drawing from over 330,000 site‐days of measurement spanning a decade. To perform a fair existential test for electromagnetic antecedents we applied a pre‐specified statistical analysis with two key ideas. First, we combine signals from nearby (≤40 km) sites via spectral cross‐power, and then look for large spikes in frequency domain (0.016–25 Hz). The former is only possible with a dense set of sites running over a long period of time. In this statistical case‐control study we used the machine learning concept of rigorously separated train and test sets of earthquakes which were generated via a rule‐based query of the USGS earthquake catalog. Before each declustered earthquake, we constructed one period 24–72 hr before (the “precursor” or “p‐period”) and a series of seven equally‐sized preceding periods (“quiescent” or “q‐periods”). We distilled the data in each period to a frequency‐dependent feature—the 98th percentile of spectral cross power. We trained a model based on Linear Discriminant Analysis and applied the discriminator to the test set revealing a modest effect in the days leading up to an earthquake. While the observed effect size is not directly useful for earthquake prediction (long a scientific goal), it suggests a relationship which should be further investigated for a physical link.
Recent advances in acoustofluidic separation technology in biology
Authors: Fan Yanping , Wang Xuan , Ren Jiaqi , Lin Francis , Wu Jiandong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAcoustofluidic separation of cells and particles is an emerging technology that integrates acoustics and microfluidics. In the last decade, this technology has attracted significant attention due to its biocompatible, contactless, and label-free nature. It has been widely validated in the separation of cells and submicron bioparticles and shows great potential in different biological and biomedical applications. This review first introduces the theories and mechanisms of acoustofluidic separation. Then, various applications of this technology in the separation of biological particles such as cells, viruses, biomolecules, and exosomes are summarized. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future prospects of this field.
Effects of acute and chronic administration of trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) ligands on in vivo excitability of central monoamine-secreting neurons in rats
Authors: Grinchii Daniil , Hoener Marius C. , Khoury Talah , Dekhtiarenko Roman , Nejati Bervanlou Reyhaneh , Jezova Daniela , Dremencov Eliyahu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTrace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) has been recently identified as a target for the future antidepressant, antipsychotic, and anti-addiction drugs. Full (e.g. RO5256390) and partial (e.g. RO5263397) TAAR1 agonists showed antidepressant-, antipsychotic- and anti-addiction-like behavioral effects in rodents and primates. Acute RO5256390 suppressed, and RO5263397 stimulated serotonin (5-HT) neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in brain slices, suggesting that the behavioral effects of TAAR1 ligands involve 5-HT and dopamine. For more comprehensive testing of this hypothesis, we examined acute and chronic effects of RO5256390 and RO5263397 on monoamine neurons in in vivo conditions. Excitability of 5-HT neurons of the DRN, noradrenaline neurons of the locus coeruleus (LC), and dopamine neurons of the VTA was assessed using single-unit electrophysiology in anesthetized rats. For acute experiments, RO5256390 and RO5263397 were administered intravenously; neuronal excitability after RO5256390 and RO5263397 administration was compared to the basal activity of the same neuron. For chronic experiments, RO5256390 was administered orally for fourteen days prior to electrophysiological assessments. The neuronal excitability in RO5256390-treated rats was compared to vehicle-treated controls. We found that acute RO5256390 inhibited 5-HT and dopamine neurons. This effect of RO5256390 was reversed by the subsequent and prevented by the earlier administration of RO5263397. Acute RO5256390 and RO5263397 did not alter the excitability of LC noradrenaline neurons in a statistically significant way. Chronic RO5256390 increased excitability of 5-HT neurons of the DRN and dopamine neurons of the VTA. In conclusion, the putative antidepressant and antipsychotic effects of TAAR1 ligands might be mediated, at least in part, via the modulation of excitability of central 5-HT and dopamine neurons.
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and neonates (MIS-N) associated with COVID-19: optimizing definition and management
Authors: Molloy Eleanor J. , Nakra Natasha , Gale Chris , Dimitriades Victoria R. , Lakshminrusimha Satyan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
During the SARS-CoV-2-associated infection (COVID-19), pandemic initial reports suggested relative sparing of children inversely related to their age. Children and neonates have a decreased incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and if infected they manifested a less severe phenotype, in part due to enhanced innate immune response. However, a multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) or paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 emerged involving coronary artery aneurysms, cardiac dysfunction, and multiorgan inflammatory manifestations. MIS-C has many similarities to Kawasaki disease and other inflammatory conditions and may fit within a spectrum of inflammatory conditions based on immunological results. More recently neonates born to mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy demonstrated evidence of a multisystem inflammatory syndrome with raised inflammatory markers and multiorgan, especially cardiac dysfunction that has been described as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in neonates (MIS-N). However, there is a variation in definitions and management algorithms for MIS-C and MIS-N. Further understanding of baseline immunological responses to allow stratification of patient groups and accurate diagnosis will aid prognostication, and inform optimal immunomodulatory therapies.

Impact

Multisystem inflammatory system in children and neonates (MIS-C and MIS-N) post COVID require an internationally recognized consensus definition and international datasets to improve management and plan future clinical trials.

This review incorporates the latest review of pathophysiology, clinical information, and management of MIS-C and MIS-N.

Further understanding of the pathophysiology of MIS-C and MIS-N will allow future targeted therapies to prevent and limit clinical sequelae.
JMJD family proteins in cancer and inflammation
Authors: Manni Wang , Jianxin Xue , Weiqi Hong , Siyuan Chen , Huashan Shi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe occurrence of cancer entails a series of genetic mutations that favor uncontrollable tumor growth. It is believed that various factors collectively contribute to cancer, and there is no one single explanation for tumorigenesis. Epigenetic changes such as the dysregulation of enzymes modifying DNA or histones are actively involved in oncogenesis and inflammatory response. The methylation of lysine residues on histone proteins represents a class of post-translational modifications. The human Jumonji C domain-containing (JMJD) protein family consists of more than 30 members. The JMJD proteins have long been identified with histone lysine demethylases (KDM) and histone arginine demethylases activities and thus could function as epigenetic modulators in physiological processes and diseases. Importantly, growing evidence has demonstrated the aberrant expression of JMJD proteins in cancer and inflammatory diseases, which might serve as an underlying mechanism for the initiation and progression of such diseases. Here, we discuss the role of key JMJD proteins in cancer and inflammation, including the intensively studied histone lysine demethylases, as well as the understudied group of JMJD members. In particular, we focused on epigenetic changes induced by each JMJD member and summarized recent research progress evaluating their therapeutic potential for the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases.
Predicting remission after internet-delivered psychotherapy in patients with depression using machine learning and multi-modal data
Authors: Wallert John , Boberg Julia , Kaldo Viktor , Mataix-Cols David , Flygare Oskar , Crowley James J. , Halvorsen Matthew , Ben Abdesslem Fehmi , Boman Magnus , Andersson Evelyn , Hentati Isacsson Nils , Ivanova Ekaterina , Rück Christian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study applied supervised machine learning with multi-modal data to predict remission of major depressive disorder (MDD) after psychotherapy. Genotyped adult patients (n = 894, 65.5% women, age 18–75 years) diagnosed with mild-to-moderate MDD and treated with guided Internet-based Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (ICBT) at the Internet Psychiatry Clinic in Stockholm were included (2008–2016). Predictor types were demographic, clinical, process (e.g., time to complete online questionnaires), and genetic (polygenic risk scores). Outcome was remission status post ICBT (cut-off ≤10 on MADRS-S). Data were split into train (60%) and validation (40%) given ICBT start date. Predictor selection employed human expertise followed by recursive feature elimination. Model derivation was internally validated through cross-validation. The final random forest model was externally validated against a (i) null, (ii) logit, (iii) XGBoost, and (iv) blended meta-ensemble model on the hold-out validation set. Feature selection retained 45 predictors representing all four predictor types. With unseen validation data, the final random forest model proved reasonably accurate at classifying post ICBT remission (Accuracy 0.656 [0.604, 0.705], P vs null model = 0.004; AUC 0.687 [0.631, 0.743]), slightly better vs logit (bootstrap D = 1.730,P = 0.084) but not vs XGBoost (D = 0.463,P = 0.643). Transparency analysis showed model usage of all predictor types at both the group and individual patient level. A new, multi-modal classifier for predicting MDD remission status after ICBT treatment in routine psychiatric care was derived and empirically validated. The multi-modal approach to predicting remission may inform tailored treatment, and deserves further investigation to attain clinical usefulness.
Exosomal protein angiopoietin-like 4 mediated radioresistance of lung cancer by inhibiting ferroptosis under hypoxic microenvironment
Authors: Zhang Yuhong , Liu Xinglong , Zeng Liang , Zhao Xinrui , Chen Qianping , Pan Yan , Bai Yang , Shao Chunlin , Zhang Jianghong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Hypoxia-mediated radioresistance is a major reason for the adverse radiotherapy outcome of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in clinical, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still obscure.

Methods
Cellular and exosomal ANGPTL4 proteins under different oxygen status were examined. Colony survival, lipid peroxidation and hallmark proteins were employed to determine the correlation between ferroptosis and radioresistance. Gene regulations, western blot and xenograft models were used to explore the underlying mechanisms of the role of ANGPTL4 in radioresistance.

Results
ANGPTL4 had a much higher level in hypoxic NSCLC cells compared to normoxic cells. Up- or down- regulation of ANGPTL4 positively interrelated to the radioresistance of NSCLC cells and xenograft tumours. GPX4-elicited ferroptosis suppression and lipid peroxidation decrease were authenticated to be involved in the hypoxia-induced radioresistance. ANGPTL4 encapsulated in the exosomes from hypoxic cells was absorbed by neighbouring normoxic cells, resulting in radioresistance of these bystander cells in a GPX4-dependent manner, which was diminished when ANGPTL4 was downregulated in the donor exosomes.

Conclusion
Hypoxia-induced ANGPTL4 rendered radioresistance of NSCLC through at least two parallel pathways of intracellular ANGPTL4 and exosomal ANGPTL4, suggesting that ANGPTL4 might applicable as a therapeutic target to improve the therapeutic efficacy of NSCLC.
GSK3β is a critical, druggable component of the network regulating the active NOTCH1 protein and cell viability in CLL
Authors: De Falco Filomena , Rompietti Chiara , Sorcini Daniele , Esposito Angela , Scialdone Annarita , Baldoni Stefano , Del Papa Beatrice , Adamo Francesco Maria , Silva Barcelos Estevão Carlos , Dorillo Erica , Stella Arianna , Di Ianni Mauro , Screpanti Isabella , Sportoletti Paolo , Rosati Emanuela 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNOTCH1 alterations have been associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), but the molecular mechanisms underlying NOTCH1 activation in CLL cells are not completely understood. Here, we show that GSK3β downregulates the constitutive levels of the active NOTCH1 intracellular domain (N1-ICD) in CLL cells. Indeed, GSK3β silencing by small interfering RNA increases N1-ICD levels, whereas expression of an active GSK3β mutant reduces them. Additionally, the GSK3β inhibitor SB216763 enhances N1-ICD stability at a concentration at which it also increases CLL cell viability. We also show that N1-ICD is physically associated with GSK3β in CLL cells. SB216763 reduces GSK3β/N1-ICD interactions and the levels of ubiquitinated N1-ICD, indicating a reduction in N1-ICD proteasomal degradation when GSK3β is less active. We then modulated the activity of two upstream regulators of GSK3β and examined the impact on N1-ICD levels and CLL cell viability. Specifically, we inhibited AKT that is a negative regulator of GSK3β and is constitutively active in CLL cells. Furthermore, we activated the protein phosphatase 2 A (PP2A) that is a positive regulator of GSK3β, and has an impaired activity in CLL. Results show that either AKT inhibition or PP2A activation reduce N1-ICD expression and CLL cell viability in vitro, through mechanisms mediated by GSK3β activity. Notably, for PP2A activation, we used the highly specific activator DT-061, that also reduces leukemic burden in peripheral blood, spleen and bone marrow in the Eµ-TCL1 adoptive transfer model of CLL, with a concomitant decrease in N1-ICD expression. Overall, we identify in GSK3β a key component of the network regulating N1-ICD stability in CLL, and in AKT and PP2A new druggable targets for disrupting NOTCH1 signaling with therapeutic potential.