bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis Prevalence, Characteristics, and Associated Comorbidities: A Cross-Sectional Study of 1815 Whole Spine CT Scans
Authors: Ahmed Owais , Ramachandran Karthik , Patel Yogin , Dhanapaul Sindhiya , Meena Jalaj , Shetty Ajoy P. , Bhari Thippeswamy Pushpa , Kanna Rishi Mugesh , Rajasekaran Shanmuganathan 
Published: October 2022

Study Design A Retrospective Study Objective To determine the prevalence and characteristics of DISH using whole spine CT scans and to evaluate the association of DISH with co-morbidities and other ossified lesions. Method A retrospective study of whole-spine CT scans of polytrauma patients from 2018-2021 above the age of 20 years. The screening was done using modified Resnick criteria. Overall and age-specific prevalence, characteristics, and associations with obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), ischemic heart disease (IHD), aortic calcification (AC), ossified posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), and ossified ligamentum flavum (OLF) were evaluated. Results Out of 1815 patients, 347 had DISH, with a prevalence rate of 19.1% and a mean age of 61.7 years. The highest prevalence of DISH was seen in individuals over 80 years of age (45.5%). The prevalence among males (20.2%) was higher than for females (14.9%). The most commonly involved level was T8-T9 (95.4%), followed by T9-T10 (91.9%), and the most common vertebra involved was T9 (96%). All the cases involving T9 had ossification on the right anterior aspect of the vertebral body. The presence of DM, high BMI, and IHD was found to be significantly higher in patients with DISH (P value < .001). The incidence of aortic calcification was 22.5%, OPLL was 13.3%, and OLF was 4.9% in patients with DISH. Conclusion This study reports a prevalence rate of 19.1% for DISH, with the highest prevalence among individuals above 80 years of age (45.5%). DISH has a higher propensity to affect the right anterior aspect of the vertebral body in the thoracic spine and is strongly associated with obesity, DM, IHD, and AC.
Sputum neutrophil counts in healthy subjects: relationship with age
Authors: Beech Augusta , Singh Dave 
Published: October 2022

A threshold of ∼60% has commonly been used in asthma and COPD studies to define the presence of neutrophilic airway inflammation. This threshold is based on relatively young healthy subject datasets. However, age-related increases in sputum neutrophils have been observed previously. We used a healthy cohort, with a comparatively wider age range, to re-evaluate the age-related increase in sputum neutrophils, analysing changes by decade. We also studied the long-term repeatability of sputum neutrophil counts.Differential sputum cell count data for healthy subjects (n=121) was retrospectively analysed. Subjects with a repeated count (mean interval 4.8 years) were included in longitudinal analysis.There was a significant positive association between age and sputum neutrophil % (rho=0.24, p<0.01), with 51.2% of subjects having a sputum neutrophil count >60%. Sputum neutrophil counts increased with each decade until ∼60 years where a plateau was observed. The baseline sputum neutrophil % increased significantly at repeated sampling (p=0.02), with excellent long-term repeatability (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.80).We confirm previous reports of an age-related increase in sputum neutrophil % in healthy individuals and identified a plateau which occurs at age ∼60 years. There was an increase in sputum neutrophil % during longitudinal follow-up, indicating that age-related neutrophilia is a progressive phenomenon. These findings question the use of an unadjusted threshold, in relation to age, to identify the presence of neutrophilic airway inflammation.
A Discrete Multi-Objective Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for a Real-World Electronic Device Testing Machine Allocation Problem
Authors: Xie Jin , Li Xinyu , Gao Liang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWith the continuous development of science and technology, electronic devices have begun to enter all aspects of human life, becoming increasingly closely related to human life. Users have higher quality requirements for electronic devices. Electronic device testing has gradually become an irreplaceable engineering process in modern manufacturing enterprises to guarantee the quality of products while preventing inferior products from entering the market. Considering the large output of electronic devices, improving the testing efficiency while reducing the testing cost has become an urgent problem to be solved. This study investigates the electronic device testing machine allocation problem (EDTMAP), aiming to improve the production of electronic devices and reduce the scheduling distance among testing machines through reasonable machine allocation. First, a mathematical model was formulated for the EDTMAP to maximize both production and the scheduling distance among testing machines. Second, we developed a discrete multi-objective artificial bee colony (DMOABC) algorithm to solve EDTMAP. A crossover operator and local search operator were designed to improve the exploration and exploitation of the algorithm, respectively. Numerical experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm compared with the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) and strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm 2 (SPEA2). Finally, the mathematical model and DMOABC algorithm were applied to a real-world factory that tests radio-frequency modules. The results verify that our method can significantly improve production and reduce the scheduling distance among testing machines.
Leiomyosarcoma presenting as unilateral painless testicular mass in a septuagenarian: a case report with review of the literature
Authors: Joshi Brijmohan , Goel Ritesh , Kumar Anant , Maheshwari Ruchir , Chaturvedi Samit , Ranjan Satish Kumar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Primary testicular leiomyosarcoma has a rare occurrence and the diagnosis is uncertain on pre-operative assessment. It is often seen in the background of chronic inflammation, radiotherapy, and the use of high-dose anabolic steroids.

Case presentation
We report a case of a painless testicular lump in a septuagenarian with pre-existing diabetes mellitus and hypertension but without any oncological risk factors. The primary workup did not reveal any elevation of serum tumour markers or any signs of metastatic disease on contrast imaging. The patient underwent a high inguinal orchiectomy due to a suspicion of germ cell tumor, and histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma.

Conclusion
Testicular leiomyosarcoma in the elderly is a rare malignancy and usually occur without any pre-existing risk factors. Early treatment provides long-term curative oncological control.
Conditional wealth to estimate association of wealth mobility with health and human capital in low- and middle-income country cohorts
Authors: Varghese Jithin Sam , Osmond Clive , Stein Aryeh D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTemporally harmonized asset indices allow the study of changes in relative wealth (mean, variance, social mobility) over time and its association with adult health and human capital in cohort studies. Conditional measures are the unexplained residuals of an indicator regressed on its past values. Using such measures, previously used to study the relative importance of key life stages for anthropometric growth, we can identify specific life stages during which changes in relative wealth are important for adult health in longitudinal studies. We discuss the assumptions, strengths and limitations of this methodology as applied to relative wealth. We provide an illustrative example using a publicly-available longitudinal dataset and show how relative wealth changes at different life stages are differentially associated with body mass index in adulthood.
The altruistic elderly, a valuable but unrecognised kidney donor group. A case report of an 85-year-old unspecified kidney donor
Authors: Okidi Okechukwu , Sharma Videha , Piscoran Oana , Biggins Fiona , Singh Rajinder , Augustine Titus 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Kidney transplantation is the definitive treatment for end stage renal disease (ESRD), offering improved quality of life and survival benefit over remaining on dialysis. There is, however, a prevailing significant mismatch between patients awaiting transplantation and available donor kidneys. Over time, initial stringent donor criteria have broadened and organs from extended criteria donors (ECDs) and older donors are now being accepted for transplantation. The spectrum of living donors has also undergone a change from close family members to an increasingly non-related, non-directed altruistic donors, newly classified as ‘unspecified’ donors. Unspecified elderly donors could be a potential untapped resource to expanding the kidney donor pool globally.

Case Presentation
We present a case of an 85 year and 8 months old individual, who donated to an unrelated non-directed matched recipient in the national deceased donor transplant waiting list with excellent donor and recipient outcomes at 7 years.

Conclusion
To our knowledge she is one of the oldest reported unspecified living kidney donors in the world to date. This case illustrates that elderly donors in good health can come forward to donate, knowing that it is safe and valuable. Once the immediate perioperative challenges after kidney donation are managed, elderly donors rarely encounter long term sequelae. We therefore report this case to increase awareness and refocus attention of transplant teams on elderly donors as a potential untapped group to help address the organ shortage problem in renal transplantation.
Use of regional citrate anticoagulation with medium cut-off membrane: pilot report
Authors: Vrečko Marija Malgaj , Pajek Jernej , Buturović-Ponikvar Jadranka 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundRegional citrate anticoagulation during hemodialysis provides an immediate and complete anticoagulant effect, which is limited to the extracorporeal circuit. Citrate has become the standard anticoagulant in acute renal replacement therapy and is widely used in various intermittent hemodialysis modalities, especially for patients with contraindications for heparin. With the increased adoption of medium cut-off membranes, experience with regional citrate anticoagulation is needed. To our knowledge, this is the first report to assess the feasibility of regional citrate anticoagulation in expanded hemodialysis.MethodsWe prospectively analyzed 5 expanded hemodialysis procedures in 5 patients in which a medium cut-off membrane (Theranova®) was used. We followed our standard citrate protocol developed and tested for high-flux membrane. Anticoagulation was performed with a continuous infusion of 8% trisodium citrate into the arterial line and supplementation of 1 M calcium chloride into the venous line. We monitored ionized calcium and magnesium, sodium and blood gas analysis. Anticoagulation effectiveness was assessed by post-filter ionized calcium and by visual inspection of the anticoagulation in the circuit.ResultsThere were no prematurely terminated procedures due to anticoagulation-related complications. With a blood flow of 250 mL/min and a dialysate flow of 500 mL/min, we were able to maintain serum ionized calcium in the range of 0.89–1.29 mmol/L and serum sodium in the range of 136–144 mmol/L. The mean pre- and post-dialysis arterial circuit pH was 7.42 (± 0.04) and 7.53 (± 0.23), respectively. The mean pre- and post-dialysis serum ionized magnesium was 0.54 (± 0.04) mmol/L and 0.43 (± 0.03) mmol/L, respectively (measurements were done on a point-of-care ionometer with a lower normal range for ionized magnesium).ConclusionWe have shown that our standard citrate protocol for high-flux hemodialysis membrane could be successfully adopted for use in expanded hemodialysis with a medium cut-off membrane. Overall, electrolyte and acid-base balances were relatively well-controlled and anticoagulation effectiveness was excellent.Trial registrationThis is a pilot report with results taken from a larger ongoing trial (registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on October 25, 2019 under number NCT04139525) comparing citrate and heparin anticoagulation during expanded hemodialysis.
Routine laboratory testing in hemodialysis: how frequently is it needed?
Authors: Chidiac Claudia , Chelala Dania , Nassar Dany , Beaini Chadia , Azar Hiba , Finianos Serge , Boueri Celine , Hawi Jenny , Abdo Ibrahim , Aoun Mabel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background:
Hemodialysis patients are followed by routine laboratory testing. There is uncertainty whether these tests always lead to a change in decision-making. This study aims to discover the number of yearly interventions/changes in prescription based on these tests and depict the group of patients who would benefit from reduced or increased laboratory blood tests.

Methods:
This is a multi-center retrospective study that included patients on hemodialysis for more than one year. Laboratory data collected included yearly average of hemoglobin, urea reduction ratio (URR), serum phosphate, calcium, potassium, parathormone (PTH), ferritin and transferrin saturation (TSAT); changes in prescription of erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs), intravenous (IV) iron, alfacalcidol, phosphate binders and dialysis parameters were retrieved from medical records. A multivariate regression analysis assessed factors associated with high number of interventions.

Results:
A total of 210 hemodialysis patients were included: 62.4% males, 47.1% diabetics. Their median age was 72 (62,78.5) years. Their laboratory parameters were within KDIGO targets. The median number of yearly interventions was 5 (3,7) for ESAs, 4 (2,6) for IV iron, 1 (0,2.25) for phosphate binders, 0 (0,1) for alfacalcidol. Based on the multivariate analysis, patients with higher ferritin, frequent changes in ESA, more changes in alfacalcidol and higher PTH had higher number of prescription’s changes in ESA, IV iron, phosphate binders and alfacalcidol respectively.

Conclusion:
While maintaining KDIGO targets, therapeutic interventions following routine laboratory testing did not exceed six times yearly for all parameters. This suggests that a reduced testing frequency in hemodialysis patients is possible without any impact on quality of care. A personalized approach remains safe for hemodialysis patients while reducing the cost. This is very relevant in low-resource settings and during economic crises and needs to be evaluated in prospective studies.
Relationship between energy balance-related behaviors and personal and family factors in overweight/obese primary school students aged 10–12 years in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Shicheng , Gao Haining , Cui Ying , Wang Xin , Cao Wenshuo , Ding Qian , Chang Bo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Increasing rates of childhood obesity worldwide are a serious threat to the health of school-aged children. Unhealthy behavioral habits are modifiable factors in the control of childhood obesity, and personal and family factors are key influencing factors of behavioral habits in school-aged children. This study assessed the relationship between overweight/obesity, energy balance-related behaviors (EBRB), and their influencing factors in school-aged children.

Methods
This cross-sectional survey included 4412 primary school-aged (10–12 years) students who underwent body tests and were selected through stratified sampling in the Northeast, North, Northwest, and Southwest regions of China from March to July 2021. Independent sample t test was used to compare differences between behaviors and influencing factors of energy balance among overweight/obesity and normal weight students. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the influence of EBRB on body shape. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the influence of personal and family factors on EBRB effects.

Results
Compared with normal-weight students, number of breakfasts consumed per week by overweight/obese students was significantly lower (p < 0.01), and weekly screen-viewing time was significantly longer (p < 0.01). Overweight/obese students’ health beliefs, parental subjective norms, parental modelling, parental practices, and home availability scores increased significantly in terms of beverage consumption behavior (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). Attitude, health beliefs, self-efficacy, parental subjective norms, and parental support scores decreased significantly in terms of breakfast consumption (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). Health belief scores on physical activity increased significantly (p < 0.01), while preference and autonomy scores decreased significantly (p < 0.01). Health beliefs, parental subjective norms, and parental practices scores of screen-viewing activities increased significantly (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). Breakfast consumption (odds ratio [OR]: 0.911; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.870–0.954) and screen-viewing activities (OR:1.055; 95% CI: 1.030–1.080) correlated negatively and positively with overweight/obesity, respectively. The main influencing factors of breakfast behavior in overweight/obese students were self-efficacy (0.14), preference (0.11), attitude (0.07), home availability (0.18), and parent modelling (0.09); those for screen-viewing behavior were preference (0.19), self-efficacy (− 0.15), parental practices (0.13), and parental subjective norm (0.12).

Conclusions
Irregular breakfast consumption and excessive screen-viewing time are key EBRB associated with overweight/obesity among these Chinese participants. Their unhealthy breakfast consumption and screen-viewing activities result from a combination of personal and family factors.
Sleepless in inequality: findings from the 2018 behavioral risk factor surveillance system, a cross-sectional study
Authors: Pabayo Roman , Patel Priya , Liu Sze Y. , Molnar Beth E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite the large body of research on the adverse effects of income inequality, to date, few studies have examined its impact on sleep. The objective of this investigation is to examine the association between US state income inequality and the odds for regularly obtaining inadequate (< 7 h) and very inadequate (< 5 h) of sleep in the last 24 h.

Methods
We analysed data from 350,929 adults participating in the US 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Multilevel modeling was used to determine the association between state-level income inequality, as measured by the Gini coefficient, and the odds for obtaining inadequate and very inadequate sleep. We also determined if associations were heterogeneous across gender.

Results
A standard deviation increase in the Gini coefficient was associated with increased odds for inadequate (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.13) and very inadequate sleep (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.03,1.20). Also, a cross-level Gini Coefficient X Gender interaction term was significant (OR = 1.07, 95% CI:1.01,1.13), indicating that increasing income inequality was more detrimental to women’s sleep behavior.

Conclusion
Future work should be conducted to determine whether decreasing the wide gap between incomes can alleviate the burden of income inequality on inadequate sleep in the United States.
Incidence and factors related to nonmotorized scooter injuries in New York State and New York City, 2005–2020
Authors: Tuckel Peter 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
This study provides an analysis of contemporary trends and demographics of patients treated for injuries from nonmotorized scooters in emergency departments in New York state excluding New York City (NYS) and New York City (NYC).

Methods
The study tracks the incidence of nonmotorized scooter injuries in NYS and NYC from 2005 to 2020 and furnishes a detailed profile of the injured patients using patient-level records from the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS). A negative binomial regression analysis is performed on the SPARCS data to measure the simultaneous effects of demographic variables on scooter injuries for NYS and NYC. The study also examines the demographic correlates of the rate of injuries at the neighborhood level in NYC. A thematically shaded map of the injury rates in New York City neighborhoods is created to locate neighborhoods with greater concentrations of injuries and to identify the reasons which might account for their higher rate of injuries, such as street infrastructure.

Results
In NYS and NYC injuries from unpowered scooters underwent an overall decline in the past decade. However, both NYS and NYC are now evidencing an increase in their rates. The upswing in the rate in NYC in 2020 is particularly noticeable. Males and children in the age group 5 to 9 were found to be most susceptible to injury. Injuries were more prevalent in more affluent New York City neighborhoods. A map of the injury rates in the City’s neighborhoods revealed a clustering of neighborhoods with higher than average injury rates.

Conclusions
Injuries from nonmotorized scooters number approximately 40,000 annually in the US and can be prevented by greater use of protective equipment. Street infrastructure is a critical factor contributing to injuries from the use of nonmotorized scooters. Thematically shaded maps can be used to identify and target areas for purposes of intervention.
Limited handwashing facility and associated factors in sub-Saharan Africa: pooled prevalence and multilevel analysis of 29 sub-Saharan Africa countries from demographic health survey data
Authors: Endalew Mastewal , Belay Daniel Gashaneh , Tsega Nuhamin Tesfa , Aragaw Fantu Mamo , Gashaw Moges , Asratie Melaku Hunie 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Handwashing is fundamentally an inexpensive means of reducing the spread of communicable diseases. In developing countries, many people die due to infectious diseases that could be prevented by proper hand hygiene. The recent coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is a threat to people who are living in resource-limited countries including sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Effective hand hygiene requires sufficient water from reliable sources, preferably accessible on premises, and access to handwashing facility (water and or soap) that enable hygiene behaviors. Therefore, this study aims to determine the prevalence of limited handwashing facility and its associated factors in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods
Data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) were used, which have been conducted in 29 sub-Saharan African countries since January 1, 2010. A two-stage stratified random cluster sampling strategy was used to collect the data. This study comprised a total of 237,983 weighted samples. The mixed effect logistic regression model with a cluster-level random intercept was fitted. Meta-analysis and sub-group analysis were performed to establish the pooled prevalence.

Results
The pooled prevalence of limited handwashing facility was found to be 66.16% (95% CI; 59.67%—72.65%). Based on the final model, household head with age group between 35 and 60 [AOR = 0.89, 95% CI; 0.86—0.91], households with mobile type of hand washing facility [AOR = 1.73, 95% CI; 1.70—1.77], unimproved sanitation facility [AOR = 1.58, 95% CI; 1.55—1.62], water access more than 30 min round trip [AOR = 1.16, 95% CI; 1.13—1.19], urban residential area [AOR = 2.08, 95% CI; 2.04—2.13], low media exposure [AOR = 1.47, 95% CI; 1.31—1.66], low educational level [AOR = 1.30, 95% CI; 1.14—1.48], low income level [AOR = 2.41, 95% CI; 2.33—2.49] as well as lower middle-income level [AOR = 2.10, 95% CI; 2.14—2.17] and households who had more than three children [AOR = 1.25, 95% CI; 1.20—1.31] were associated with having limited handwashing facility.

Conclusion and recommendation
The pooled coverage of limited handwashing facility was high in sub-Saharan Africa. Raising awareness of the community and promoting access to handwashing materials particularly in poorer and rural areas will reduce its coverage.