bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A-212 The Limitations of Hippocampal Volumetric Measurements on Clinical Decision-Making: A Case Study
Authors: Kaser Alyssa , Carlew Anne , Denney David , Nguyen Trung , Ruchinskas Robert 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Integrating multiple pieces of information is a well-known clinical challenge, especially in light of emerging technologies such as NeuroQuant, a fully-automated software used alongside magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantify the volume of brain structures. Using population-based normative data, NeuroQuant compares measurements of certain neuroanatomical features to normal controls, providing metrics for structural abnormalities that may influence the concern for a suspected neurodegenerative etiology. Clinicians should be aware of potential confounding factors when incorporating this information into their clinical impression, as illustrated by this case.
Method: We present a unique case study of a 71-year-old Black female who was followed with serial neurological, neuropsychological, and MRI with NeuroQuant evaluations over 10+ years.
Results: The patient’s early neuropsychological testing results, in combination with NeuroQuant volumetric measurements, raised suspicion for a potential neurodegenerative process and thereby influenced treatment decisions. However, on longitudinal follow-up, all clinical evaluations were stable except NeuroQuant measurements. From ages 69 to 71, the patient’s hippocampal volumes respectively shifted from the &lt; 5th to 61st normative percentile (see Table 1).
Conclusion: Novel volumetric analyses should be interpreted with caution when formulating a clinical impression. Potential explanations for the observed change in NeuroQuant percentile include 1) an update to the normative database, 2) a software update, and 3) the patient moving normative age bands. As with neuropsychological testing, understanding the basis of scores produced by NeuroQuant and characteristics of the normative population is important, as this technology is increasingly used to direct clinical decision-making.
A-213 Patient Barriers to Accessing Hospital-Based Neuropsychological Services
Authors: RichWimmer Natalia , Larson Kera , Smith-Russell Dierdre , Tornberg Emma , Williams Cydni N , Hall Trevor A , Vanderlind Michael 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Annually, thousands of youths are admitted to pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) and are at increased risk for long-lasting neurocognitive and psychiatric sequelae, referred to as Post Intensive Care Syndrome (PICS). Research shows that youth with PICS strongly benefit from neuropsychological follow-up services; however, high proportions of referred patients (i.e., 25-33% at our hospital) do not attend follow-up appointments. The current study aims to better understand the barriers that hinder families’ abilities to access follow-up services.
Method: Participants included guardians of children ages 0-18 years (N = 149) referred for follow-up neuropsychological assessment and did not attend the appointment. Data was collected via individual 10-minute structured telephone interviews focusing on treatment barriers chosen from prior research on social determinants of health. Participants identified the extent to which various barriers impacted appointment attendance.
Results: Data collection is currently underway. Preliminary results demonstrate time limitations/scheduling difficulties and challenges related to the COVID-19 pandemic as the most frequent barriers to accessing treatment with 60% endorsement rates each. Relatedly, 50% reported difficulty taking time off from work. Several endorsed confusion surrounding the purpose of the appointment (40%), financial concerns (30%), family stress/mental health (30%), limited childcare (20%), transportation (10%), housing difficulties (10%), and language barriers (20%).
Conclusion: Current findings highlight challenges that contribute to inequities in families’ access to care. These challenges represent important targets for interventions aimed at minimizing health care disparities. Such interventions hold promise for mitigating the extent to which PICS-related difficulties negatively impact youth’s social, psychological, and academic functioning following inpatient hospitalization.
A-215 Comparability of BRIEF2 and BRIEF-A Self-Report in Young Adults
Authors: Sady Maegan , Abecassis Maurissa , Koven Nancy S , Barrett-Clarke Adam , Isquith Peter K , Gioia Gerard A , Roth Robert M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) captures perceptions of an individual’s executive functioning in their everyday environment. Two self-report forms span late adolescence into early adulthood: BRIEF2 (ages 11-18) and BRIEF-Adult (ages 18-90). We compared responses on these forms in young adults to evaluate their continuity in this transitional age range.
Method: Participants were 77 college students [age M(SD)= 18.45(0.64), 66% female], without psychiatric or serious medical conditions, who completed the BRIEF2 and BRIEF-A forms in counterbalanced order. Mean scores on shared clinical scales (Inhibit, Self-Monitor, Shift, Emotional Control, Working Memory, Plan/Organize) and Global Executive Composite (GEC) were examined using MANOVA and correlations; T scores were examined in the subsample of 18-year-olds (n=47).
Results: For mean ratings, planned univariate follow-up tests with Bonferroni correction were significant only for the Inhibit scale [F(1,76) = 14.69, p &lt; .001, Cohen’s d = -0.44]. Other effect sizes were &lt; 0.3. Scales correlated well (r range .63 to .82, p &lt; .001). T-score analyses yielded similarly strong relationships (r range .58 to .84), but with significant differences on Emotional Control (d = 0.53) and Plan/Organize (d = -0.47).
Conclusions: Results indicate good correspondence between self-report on the BRIEF2 and BRIEF-A in young adults, with few differences and generally small effect sizes. Nonetheless, statistical corrections should be employed if merging datasets using both BRIEF2 and BRIEF-A, or when examining changes in individuals followed from adolescence into adulthood using the two forms of the BRIEF.
A-220 Hooper Visual Organization Test: Item Analyses and Scale Performance in a Nonclinical Adult Sample
Authors: Chaudhary Zarah K , Hubley Anita M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: The 30-item Hooper Visual Organization Test (HVOT) measures visuospatial synthesis. While satisfactory reliability estimates have been reported, some items show poor discrimination and items do not appear to be ordered by increasing difficulty level. Little psychometric evidence, however, has been gathered with healthy nonclinical adults in North America. Examination of item performance in healthy adult samples aids in understanding what might be clinically noteworthy in neurological or psychiatric patients. Thus, we examined HVOT total score performance, item difficulty and discrimination, internal consistency reliability, and correlations of HVOT total scores with demographic and neuropsychological variables in a healthy adult sample in Canada.
Method: Participant were 71 cognitively intact, non-depressed men and women ages 21-82 years (M=51.5, SD=18.3), with 9-21 years of education (M=15.0, SD=2.79), recruited from the general community. Participants were tested individually on various neuropsychological tests (HVOT, MMSE, Block Design, ROCF, Trails, Five Point Test, FAS/Animals, Vocabulary).
Results: Items ranged in difficulty (0.16-1.00) but tended to be easy (M=0.82). Item discrimination ranged from -.17 to.47. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.62. Total scores ranged from 17-29.5 out of 30 (M=25.4) and correlated significantly with age, MMSE, Block Design, ROCF, Trails, and Animals (r=|.29|-|.44|).
Conclusions: Our results suggest that some HVOT items are too easy and/or show poor discrimination. Items are not well-ordered by difficulty. We discuss some notable divergences from proposed re-orderings from clinical samples. Demographic results fit with the literature; correlations with other measures extend previous findings. Our results serve as a guide for revisions and a useful baseline for clinical comparison.
A-222 Normative Reference Values for Crystallized-Fluid Discrepancy Scores for the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery
Authors: Iverson Grant , Gaudet Charles E , Kissinger-Knox Alicia , Karr Justin E 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: To translate NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) Crystallized-Fluid discrepancy scores into research and clinical practice with adults by providing normative data for discrepancy scores for both age-adjusted standard scores and demographic-adjusted T-scores.
Method: We included adult participants from the NIHTB-CB standardization sample who completed all seven neuropsychological tests and who denied having neurodevelopmental, medical, psychiatric, or neurological conditions (n=730; M=47.4 years-old, SD=17.6, range: 18-85; 64.4% women; 63.1% White). Descriptive statistics were calculated for the Fluid and Crystallized composite scores and the Crystallized-Fluid discrepancy score, along with the correlation between the two composite scores. Percentiles were calculated for the discrepancy score, with stratifications by gender, education, and Crystallized composite for the age-adjusted standard scores (SSs) and only the Crystallized composite for the demographic-adjusted T-scores (T).
Results: Crystallized-Fluid discrepancy scores ranged from -40 to 44 (M=-0.63, SD=14.89, Mdn =-1, interquartile range=-11-10) for age-adjusted SSs and from -29 to 27 (M=-0.39, SD=10.49, Mdn=-1, IQR=-8-7) for demographic-adjusted T-scores. Using age-adjusted SSs and demographic-adjusted T-scores, Crystallized-Fluid discrepancy scores of SS=15 and T=11 were at the 16th percentile (1 SD below the mean) and discrepancy scores of SS=21 and T=15 were at the 7th percentile (1.5 SDs below the mean).
Conclusions: Crystallized-Fluid discrepancy scores might prove to be, with future research, a useful within-person interpretive approach for detecting decline from pre-injury or pre-disease levels of cognitive functioning. These normative reference values assist clinicians and researchers in determining the frequency at which given Crystallized-Fluid discrepancy scores occurred among healthy adults in the normative sample.
A-227 A Story Told in Four Parts: Embedded Validity Indicators’ Effectiveness in Predicting Dot Counting Test Validity Classification
Authors: Wisinger Amanda M , Tse Phoebe Ka Yin , Basurto Karen S , Obolsky Maximillian A , Phillips Matthew S , Ovsiew Gabriel I , Resch Zachary J , Soble Jason R , Jennette Kyle J 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Combining multiple embedded performance validity tests (PVTs) can produce similar classification accuracy to freestanding PVTs. However, there is a lack of research on the incremental predictive power of various combinations of PVTs. Thus, we compared eight embedded PVTs to assess those that best predict classification accuracy on the Dot Counting Test (DCT).
Method: Sample included 225 patients (mean age=45.96; mean education=13.96; 56% female, 44% male; 35% White, 40% Black, 17% Hispanic, 5% Asian, 2% Other) undergoing neuropsychological evaluation that included multiple embedded PVTs, including: Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised Recognition Discrimination (BVMT-R RD), Stroop Color and Word Test Word Reading T-Score (Stroop-T), Trail Making Test Part A T-Score (TMT-A), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) Forced Choice, RAVLT Effort Score, Digit Span Age Corrected Scaled Score, Reliable Digit Span, and Letter Fluency T-Score. Patients were classified into valid/invalid groups based on four independent criterion PVTs.
Results: A forward stepwise logistic regression was performed to predict DCT pass/fail using the aforementioned embedded PVTs as predictors. The model was achieved in three steps (p&lt;.05); Step 1: BVMT-R RD (Classification Accuracy=87.6%; Nagelkerke R2 =.30), Step 2: BVMT-R RD + Stroop-T (Classification Accuracy=89.6%; Nagelkerke R2 =.44); Step 3: BVMT-R RD + Stroop-T + TMT-A (Classification Accuracy=90.1%; Nagelkerke R2 =.49).
Conclusion: BVMT-R RD + Stroop-T + TMT-A reliably predicted the DCT pass/fail group. Thus, this combination of embedded PVTs may be reliable predictors of validity classification when time prohibits delivery of freestanding PVTs, such as the DCT.
A-228 A Story Told in Four Parts: Embedded Validity Indicators’ Effectiveness in Predicting Medical Symptom Validity Test Validity Classification
Authors: Tse Phoebe Ka Yin , Basurto Karen S , Wisinger Amanda M , Obolsky Maximillian A , Chang Fini , Osview Gabriel P , Resch Zachary J , Soble Jason R , Jennette Kyle J 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Prior cross-validation studies have demonstrated the utility of embedded Performance Validity Tests (PVT) as reliable indicators of performance validity, though studies of the incremental predictive power from potential combinations of embedded PVTs remain sparse. The goal of the study was to compare the relative utility of eight embedded PVTs to predict pass/fail on the Medical Symptom Validity Test (MSVT).
Methods: The study comprised 225 mixed neuropsychiatric patients referred for outpatient neuropsychological evaluation. The sample was 56% female and racially diverse (40% Black, 35% White, 17% Hispanic, 5% Asian, and 2% other ethnicities). The patients were administered the following eight embedded PVTs: Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test Forced Choice (RAVLT-FC), RAVLT Effort Score, Digit Span Age Corrected Scaled Score (DS-ACSS), Stroop Color and Word Test Word Reading T-Score, Brief Visual Memory Test-Revised Recognition Discrimination (BVMT-RD), Reliable Digit Span, Letter Fluency T-Score, and Trail Making Test Part A T-Score. The patients were classified into valid/invalid groups based on standard MSVT cut scores.
Results: A forward entry logistic regression model was attained in three steps (p&lt;.05); Step 1: RAVLT-FC (Classification Accuracy=83.2%; Nagelkerke R2 =.27), Step 2: RAVLT-FC + DS-ACSS (Classification Accuracy=84.2%; Nagelkerke R2 =.36); Step 3: RAVLT-FC + DS-ACSS + Stroop Word-T (Classification Accuracy=85.1%; Nagelkerke R2 =.39).
Conclusion: The RAVLT-FC + DS-ACSS + Stroop Word-T combination provides robust predictive power. The study provided a novel approach to selecting embedded PVTs that best stand in place of the MSVT when time constraints limit the use of freestanding PVTs.
A-233 Less Items, Less Problems: Using TOMMe10 to Predict Performance Validity
Authors: Benjamin Tyler B , Beaulieu Ashleigh , Nahmias Leeron , Chhabria Sharvan , Taylor Gabriella , Gibson Douglas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: A frequently used standalone performance validity test (PVT) is the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM), which utilizes two or three visual recognition trials to assess for suboptimal participant effort. In situations with limited time, shortened evaluation times are preferred. One method for this is to look at the error rate on the first 10 TOMM items (TOMMe10) for predicting invalid performance. The objective of this review is to investigate the utility of TOMMe10 in adult neuropsychological evaluations, including potential cutoffs.
Data Selection: A systematic review of available literature was conducted using the PubMed database. The following keywords were used during the search: “TOMM first 10 items” and “TOMMe10.” Eight out of eleven articles were found to have met the inclusion criteria for this review, which required the study to speak to cutoffs used and to the effectiveness of TOMMe10 at predicting performance validity with adults on the TOMM or other validated assessments.
Data Synthesis: All eight studies demonstrated adequate sensitivity, specificity, and discriminability of TOMMe10 for invalid performance, with all but four supporting a cutoff of ≥2 errors. Three proposed a cutoff of ≥1 error, while one proposed a cutoff of ≥3 errors. Both alternate cutoffs demonstrated adequate predictive power.
Conclusions: This research demonstrated that TOMMe10 could accurately predict invalid PVT performance, except in cases of severe memory impairment. Optimal TOMMe10 cutoff results were mixed but a cutoff of ≥2 errors was the most supported. Future research could assess the utility of the various suggested TOMMe10 cutoffs in specific situations.
A-237 Validation and Psychometric Properties of the Word Choice Test-10, An Abbreviated Performance Validity Test
Authors: Beach Jameson , Bain Kathleen , Valencia Julianna , Marceaux Janice , Soble Jason 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: The purpose of the study was to validate an abbreviated 10-item version of the Word Choice Test (WCT).
Method: One hundred and ten clinically-referred participants (M age=55.92, SD=14.07; M education=13.74, SD=2.43; 84.5% Male; 47.3% White, 32.7% Hispanic, 15.5% African American, 2.7% Multiracial, 0.9% American Indian, 0.9% Other) completed the WCT as part of a larger battery of neuropsychological tests in a Veterans Affairs (VA) outpatient clinic. The sample included individuals with no cognitive diagnosis (n=37), individuals with a cognitive diagnosis (n=43), and individuals that were determined to have invalid performance across multiple criterion PVT measures (n=30).
Results: Total scores on the 10-item abbreviated Word Choice Test (WCT-10) were significantly correlated with total scores on the 50-item WCT standard form (r(108) =.88, p &lt; .01), the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) Trial 1 (r(108) =.60, p &lt; .01), and the Reliable Digit Span (RDS) forward/backward (r(108) =.34, p &lt; .01). Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis for the WCT-10 indicated optimal cutoff of ≥ 2 errors, with 53% sensitivity and 96% specificity (AUC=.825, p &lt; .001), while ROC analysis for the standard 50-item WCT indicated an optimal cutoff of ≥ 8 errors with 70% sensitivity and 91% specificity (AUC=.890, p &lt; .001).
Conclusions: Results provide evidence for the clinical utility of the WCT-10 as a brief, freestanding performance validity test in a mixed clinical sample of Veterans with and without cognitive impairment. Utilizing the WCT-10 may reduce overall neuropsychological evaluation time, while providing evidence for validity of cognitive test performance.
A-263 Literacy Acquisition Shaped by Bilingual Education
Authors: Florentino Nicole L , Shelton Tiffani P , Lebell Danya S , Caballero Jocelyn , Bouhali Florence , Kovelman Ioulia , Tonkovich Yuuko Uchikoshi , Hoeft Fumiko 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: This study investigates how literacy acquisition is shaped by bilingual education. We hypothesize that learning a phonetic language, like Spanish, will improve performance on phonologically-based tasks in English. Comparatively, we expect learning a different orthographic system, like Cantonese, will improve performance on semantically-based English tasks.
Methods: Participants included 107 native English speakers between 7 and 9 years old from San Francisco schools. There were 42 children in general education English programs (GENED), 35 in Spanish (Sp) immersion programs, and 30 in Cantonese (Cn) immersion programs. Students scoring less than 85 on a nonverbal intelligence screener were excluded (KBIT-2 Matrices). Groups' performance in English was compared on phonological (CTOPP-2 Blending Words) and orthographic learning tasks (KABC-II Rebus).
Results: One-way ANOVA revealed a significant effect of bilingual education on phonological task performance at the p &lt; .05 level [F(2, 66.4) = 3.52, p = .035]. As predicted, the Spanish-immersion group performed better on the phonological task (Blending Words, p = .035; GENED M = 8.55, Sp M = 10.09, Cn M = 9.03). Performance on the semantic task did not significantly vary among groups [F(2, 67) = 3.11, p = .051].
Conclusions: This suggests that learning a second language may shape literacy acquisition in the primary language. Results indicated that learning Spanish, a phonetic language, was associated with stronger performance on an English phonological task when compared to GENED and Cn immersion. Although the variance between groups on the semantic task was not significant, further research could characterize the impact of different orthography on English acquisition.
A-264 Neurodevelopmental Disorder associated with 8p23.1 Microdeletion Syndrome: A Pediatric Case Study
Authors: Smith Alphonso 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: 8p23.1 microdeletion syndrome is a rare genetic disorder involving a partial deletion of chromosome 8. Children with this microdeletion are at increased risk for prenatal growth deficiency, congenital heart defects, craniofacial abnormalities, seizures, intellectual deficits, language impairments, motor deficits, and behavioral disorders which emphasizes the need for comprehensive neuropsychological assessment and intervention for these individuals.
Method: This case study presents on the neuropsychological profile of a 9-year-old female with 8p23.1 microdeletion syndrome who had a history of absence seizures, heart valve disease, microcephaly, and developmental delays. The patient previously underwent psychological testing at age 8 and the findings revealed deficits in attention and intellectual functioning; however, her parents now had concerns for her social functioning.
Results: Neuropsychological testing showed broad impairments in intellectual functioning, adaptive functioning, language, academic achievement, attention, executive functioning, memory, visuomotor skills, and social cognition.
Conclusions: Recommendations were made to modify the patient’s special education academic goals, initiate various interventional services at school (e.g., speech therapy, occupational therapy, and social work), and start private ABA therapy. Continued monitoring and medication management with neurology and psychiatry were recommended as well given the patient’s history of absence seizures and problems with attentional-behavioral regulation. This case demonstrates the importance of comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation and treatment of children with certain rare genetic disorders such as 8p23.1 microdeletion syndrome in order to help improve neurodevelopmental outcomes in these patients.