bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary vitreoretinal involvement and immunopositivity for BRAFV600E help distinguish metastatic from primary intraocular melanoma: a detailed histopathologic study of metastatic cutaneous melanoma to the eye
Authors: Neerukonda Vamsee K , Kim Ivana K , Stagner Anna M 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinicopathologic characteristics of metastatic cutaneous melanoma to the eye and identify potential distinguishing characteristics from the more common primary uveal melanoma; particularly, tumour location within the eye, cytomorphology and immunohistochemical/specific molecular genetic features.MethodsA retrospective observational case series using surgical enucleation and diagnostic vitrectomy cytologic specimens from seven patients with suspected intraocular melanoma, eventually diagnosed as metastatic melanoma, was conducted. Haematoxylin and eosin‐stained sections of tumour and immunohistochemical (IHC) stains for BRAFV600E and Ki‐67 were critically reviewed; BAP1 IHC was also evaluated in cases where additional tissue was available. Clinical imaging studies and medical records were reviewed.ResultsThe majority of patients (86%) with metastatic melanoma have primary vitreoretinal (not uveal) involvement and epithelioid, highly malignant cytomorphology (100%); many (50%) harbour BRAFV600E mutations, a finding not seen in large cohorts of primary uveal melanoma.ConclusionsCharacteristics favouring or defining metastatic intraocular melanoma over primary uveal melanoma include high‐grade epithelioid cytology, predominant involvement of the vitreous cavity and/or retina, and presence of positive immunostaining for BRAFV600E.
Exosomes derived from stem cells from the apical papilla alleviate inflammation in rat pulpitis by upregulating regulatory T cells
Authors: Yu Si , Chen Xu , Liu Yao , Zhuang Xue Y. , Wang Ao C. , Liu Xue M. , Zhu Shu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effects of exosomes derived from stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP‐Exos) in rats with experimentally induced pulpitis and the effects of SCAP‐Exos on the conversion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and methylation status of the Foxp3 locus in Tregs in vitro.MethodologySCAP‐Exos were isolated and identified using transmission electron microscopy, western blotting, and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Lipopolysaccharide was used to experimentally induced pulpitis in rats, and the effects of SCAP‐Exos on the rats with pulpitis were detected using haematoxylin‐eosin staining and immunofluorescence staining. CD4+CD25‐ T cells were treated with different doses of SCAP‐Exos, and flow cytometric analysis was used to assess the effects of SCAP‐Exos on Treg proliferation and conversion. An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to evaluate the expression of interleukin 10 (IL‐10). MethylTarget® technology was used to measure the methylation level of the Foxp3 locus in T cells. The expression levels of ten‐eleven‐translocation (Tet) 1, Tet2, and Tet3 in T cells were detected by real‐time PCR and western blotting.ResultsSCAP‐Exos had an elliptical vesicle‐like structure with a diameter of approximately 143.7 nm and expressed the exosomal markers Alix and CD9. SCAP‐Exo administration increased Treg accumulation in the inflamed dental pulp and alleviated inflammation in the dental pulp in vivo. SCAP‐Exos promoted Treg conversion in vitro. Mechanistically, SCAP‐Exos promoted Tet2‐mediated Foxp3 demethylation to maintain the stable expression of Foxp3.ConclusionsSCAP‐Exos promoted Treg conversion and effectively alleviated inflammation in the dental pulp of rats. This study shows that SCAP‐Exos can regulate the local immune microenvironment to favour tissue regeneration, thus providing a potential novel strategy utilising SCAP‐Exos as a cell‐free approach to treat early inflammation of dental pulp in immature permanent teeth in the clinic.
Neuroscience research in consumer behavior: A review and future research agenda
Authors: Oliveira Pedro Miguel , Guerreiro João , Rita Paulo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractConsumer neuroscience is a growing field in both marketing and consumer behavior research. The number of articles published on the topic has increased exponentially in the last 15 years. However, there is still no comprehensive analysis of the literature highlighting the main constructs, trends and research gaps found in such a large collection of papers. Therefore, this paper provides a text mining (TM) analysis that clusters and systematizes the complex and dispersed information of 469 articles, using the correlated topic model algorithm (CTM). Results show that “consumer neuroscience”, “brand memory”, and “willingness to buy” are the most relevant topics in the field. This study also reveals that the literature has been focusing on ethical concerns as well as on controversial concerns in the use of consumer neuroscience techniques. We include a final section on future research questions and opportunities that emerged from the conducted research.
Machine learning models outperform manual result review for the identification of wrong blood in tube errors in complete blood count results
Authors: Farrell Christopher‐John L. , Giannoutsos John 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionWrong blood in tube (WBIT) errors are a significant patient‐safety issue encountered by clinical laboratories. This study assessed the performance of machine learning models for the identification of WBIT errors affecting complete blood count (CBC) results against the benchmark of manual review of results by laboratory staff.MethodsDe‐identified current and previous (within seven days) CBC results were used in the computer simulation of WBIT errors. 101 015 sets of samples were used to develop machine learning models using artificial neural network, extreme gradient boosting, support vector machine, random forest, logistic regression, decision trees (one complex and one simple) and k‐nearest neighbours algorithms. The performance of these models, and of manual review by laboratory staff, was assessed on a separate data set of 1940 samples.ResultsVolunteers manually reviewing results identified WBIT errors with an accuracy of 85.7%, sensitivity of 80.1% and specificity of 92.1%. All machine learning models exceeded human‐level performance (p‐values for all metrics were <.001). The artificial neural network model was the most accurate (99.1%), and the simple decision tree was the least accurate (96.8%). Sensitivity for the machine learning models varied from 95.7% to 99.3%, and specificity varied from 96.3% to 98.9%.ConclusionThis study provides preliminary evidence supporting the value of machine learning for detecting WBIT errors affecting CBC results. Although further work addressing practical issues is required, substantial patient‐safety benefits await the successful deployment of machine learning models for WBIT error detection.
Alternatives and preferences for materials in use for pressure ulcer prevention: An experiment‐reinforced literature review
Authors: Gefen Amit 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlleviation of localised, sustained tissue loads and microclimate management are the most critical performance criteria for materials in use for pressure ulcer prevention, such as in prophylactic dressings, padding or cushioning. These material performance criteria can be evaluated by calculating the extents of matching between the material stiffness (elastic modulus) and the thermal conductivity of the protective dressing, padding or cushioning with the corresponding properties of native skin, separately or in combination. Based on these bioengineering performance criteria, hydrocolloids, which are commonly used for prophylaxis of medical device‐related pressure ulcers, exhibit poor stiffness matching with skin. In addition, there is remarkable variability in the modulus and thermal conductivity matching levels of different material types used for pressure ulcer prevention, however, it appears that among the materials tested, hydrogels provide the optimal matching with skin, followed by gels and silicone foams. The stiffness matching for hydrocolloids appears to be inferior even to that of gauze. This article provides quantitative performance criteria and metrics for these evaluations, and grades commonly used material types to biomechanically guide clinicians and industry with regards to the selection of dressings for pressure ulcer prevention, both due to bodyweight forces and as a result of applied medical devices.
Flowable fiber‐reinforced versus flowable bulk‐fill resin composites: Degree of conversion and microtensile bond strength to dentin in high C‐factor cavities
Authors: Harp Youniss Saleh , Montaser Marmar Ahmed , Zaghloul Nadia Mohamed 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo compare flowable fiber‐reinforced and flowable bulk‐fill resin composites regarding their degree of conversion (DC) and microtensile bond strength (μTBS) to dentin in high C‐factor class I cavities.Materials and MethodsOne flowable fiber‐reinforced (EverX Flow, GC) and two flowable bulk‐fill composites (SDR, Dentsply, and Tetric N‐flow Bulk fill, Ivoclar Vivadent) were tested. Regarding DC, 10 cylindrical‐shaped specimens were prepared from each material (N = 30), measured using Fourier‐Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Regarding , class I cavities (4.5 × 4.5 × 3) were prepared on flat dentin surfaces of 30 molars, divided into three equal groups, restored with the three restorative materials, thermocycled, sectioned to create 1 mm × 1 mm cross‐sectional beams, then tested using a universal testing machine. Failure mode was assessed using a stereomicroscope. Two‐way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD post‐hoc tests were used in DC, while One‐way ANOVA was used for .ResultsThe used materials showed statistically significant differences in DC with the fiber‐reinforced composite having the highest value. No statistically significant differences were found between the materials regarding their .ConclusionsFlowable fiber‐reinforced composite provided the most DC performance compared to the flowable bulk‐fill composites. The three used restorative materials provided comparable bonding ability to dentin in high C‐factor cavities.Clinical SignificanceFlowable fiber‐reinforced resin composite is preferred as a dentin‐replacement material in high‐stress bearing areas. However, both flowable fiber‐reinforced and bulk‐fill resin composites are equally effective in bonding to dentin in high C‐factor cavities.
Effectiveness of diet, psychological, and exercise therapies for the management of bile acid diarrhoea in adults: A systematic review
Authors: McKenzie Yvonne A. , Sremanakova Jana , Todd Chris , Burden Sorrel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundBile acid diarrhoea (BAD) causes chronic diarrhoea and is primarily treated pharmacologically. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of non‐pharmacological therapies for evidence‐based management of BAD in adults.MethodsA systematic review of the medical literature was performed from 1975 to 13 July 2021 to identify studies on diet, psychological, and exercise therapies that met diagnostic criteria for BAD in adults with diarrhoea. Effectiveness was judged by responder or improvement in diarrhoea at study endpoint according to each study's definition of diarrhoea. Therapeutic effect on abdominal pain and flatulence was also measured. Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk Of Bias In Non‐Randomised Studies of Interventions tool. A narrative review was conducted using ‘Synthesis Without Meta‐analysis’ guidance. Certainty of the evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation.ResultsEight prospective cohort studies were identified on diet therapies from 2 weeks to over 2 years involving 192 patients. No psychological or exercise therapies were found. Carbohydrate modification (one study, n = 2) in primary BAD, and dietary fat intake reductions (five studies, n = 181) and an exclusive elemental diet therapy (two studies, n = 9) in secondary BAD, showed beneficial directions of effect on diarrhoea, abdominal pain, and flatulence. Risks of bias for each study and across studies for each therapy type were serious. Certainty of the evidence was very low for all outcomes.ConclusionsNo conclusions could be drawn on the effectiveness of diet, psychological, or exercise therapies on diarrhoea, abdominal pain, and flatulence for the management of BAD in adults. High‐quality randomised controlled trials are needed.
RING‐box proteins regulate leaf senescence and stomatal closure via repression of ABA transporter gene ABCG40
Authors: Wei Yun Qi , Yuan Jun Jie , Xiao Chen Chen , Li Gui Xin , Yan Jing Ying , Zheng Shao Jian , Ding Zhong Jie 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTPlant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays an indispensable role in the control of leaf senescence, during which ABA signaling depends on its biosynthesis. Nevertheless, the role of ABA transport in leaf senescence remains unknown. Here, we identified two novel RING‐box protein‐encoding genes UBIQUITIN LIGASE of SENESCENCE 1 and 2 (ULS1 and ULS2) involved in leaf senescence. Lack of ULS1 and ULS2 accelerates leaf senescence, which is specifically promoted by ABA treatment. Furthermore, the expression of senescence‐related genes is significantly affected in mature leaves of uls1/uls2 double mutant (versus wild type (WT)) in an ABA‐dependent manner, and the ABA content is substantially increased. ULS1 and ULS2 are mainly expressed in the guard cells and aging leaves, and the expression is induced by ABA. Further RNA‐seq and quantitative proteomics of ubiquitination reveal that ABA transporter ABCG40 is highly expressed in uls1/uls2 mutant versus WT, though it is not the direct target of ULS1/2. Finally, we show that the acceleration of leaf senescence, the increase of leaf ABA content, and the promotion of stomatal closure in uls1/usl2 mutant are suppressed by abcg40 loss‐of‐function mutation. These results indicate that ULS1 and ULS2 function in feedback inhibition of ABCG40‐dependent ABA transport during ABA‐induced leaf senescence and stomatal closure.
A network pharmacology‐based study of the potential targets and mechanisms of action of Qibao Meiran Dan in delaying skin aging
Authors: Ke Dan , Zhang Han , Tian Li‐Ming , Han Miao , Zhang Chong , Tian Dai‐Zhi , Chen Long , Zhan Li‐Rui , Zong Shi‐Qin , Zhang Ping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to use network pharmacology to explore the potential targets and mechanisms of action of Qibao Meiran Dan in relation to delaying skin aging.MethodsThe traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform, and the traditional Chinese medicine integrated database, were used to screen the active ingredients and targets of Qibao Meiran Dan. The human gene database GeneCards and the gene database of the National Center for Biotechnology Information were jointly adopted to obtain skin aging‐related target genes. The search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes/proteins (STRING) database was used for core analysis of protein–protein interaction.ResultsIn total, 72 effective active ingredients, 273 action targets, 234 skin aging target genes, and 64 intersecting core targets were identified. GO enrichment analysis provided 393 biological process entries, and the KEGG analysis was represented by the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, where the core targets of TNF‐α and matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP‐1) were enriched. The experimental results showed that cell morphology was clearer and more refractive in the Qibao Meiran Dan group than in the model group.ConclusionQibao Meiran Dan may regulate oxidative stress injury and collagen metabolism by downregulating the expression of TNF‐α and MMP‐1, thus slowing skin aging.
Medical student confidence when training for a female genitourinary exam using models and standardized patients
Authors: Rutledge Mallory , Link Kelsey , Zapata Isain , Carter Susan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study is to investigate what factors make students feel confident and competent when performing a female genitourinary exam (FGUE) with normal, nonpathologic findings. We anticipated that students would increase their confidence and perceived competence from the first year to the second year of medical school, would prefer the use of specialized standardized patients (SSPs) over models, and that the results would vary by student demographics.MethodsStudent confidence and perceived competence were measured using voluntary survey methods pre‐ and postinterventions. Interventions were defined as learning the FGUE on models alone for first‐year medical students and learning the FGUE on SSPs with prior experience using models for second‐year students. Survey responses were evaluated via generalized linear mixed models for numeric responses.ResultsThe results demonstrated that first‐ and second‐year medical students of racial and ethnic minorities rated themselves as more confident and competent than Caucasian counterparts, which was in many cases more extensive than the effect of an additional year of medical education. Students felt that using SSPs alone was the best mode of learning the exam than either models alone or the combination of models and SSPs. Students' current specialty of choice did not correlate with increased confidence or perceived competence.ConclusionThis study highlights how cultural differences have an impact on confidence and perceived competence in medical students as they prepare for performing a procedure as intimate to the patient as the FGUE.
Automatized online prediction of slow‐wave peaks during non‐rapid eye movement sleep in young and old individuals: Why we should not always rely on amplitude thresholds
Authors: Wunderlin Marina , Koenig Thomas , Zeller Céline , Nissen Christoph , Züst Marc Alain 
Published: March 2022

SummaryBrain‐state‐dependent stimulation during slow‐wave sleep is a promising tool for the treatment of psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. A widely used slow‐wave prediction algorithm required for brain‐state‐dependent stimulation is based on a specific amplitude threshold in the electroencephalogram. However, due to decreased slow‐wave amplitudes in aging and psychiatric conditions, this approach might miss many slow‐waves because they do not fulfill the amplitude criterion. Here, we compared slow‐wave peaks predicted via an amplitude‐based versus a multidimensional approach using a topographical template of slow‐wave peaks in 21 young and 21 older healthy adults. We validate predictions against the gold‐standard of offline detected peaks. Multidimensionally predicted peaks resemble the gold‐standard regarding spatiotemporal dynamics but exhibit lower peak amplitudes. Amplitude‐based prediction, by contrast, is less sensitive, less precise and – especially in the older group – predicts peaks that differ from the gold‐standard regarding spatiotemporal dynamics. Our results suggest that amplitude‐based slow‐wave peak prediction might not always be the ideal choice. This is particularly the case in populations with reduced slow‐wave amplitudes, like older adults or psychiatric patients. We recommend the use of multidimensional prediction, especially in studies targeted at populations other than young and healthy individuals.
Dragon colors: the nature and function of Odonata (dragonfly and damselfly) coloration
Authors: Suárez‐Tovar C. M. , Guillermo‐Ferreira R. , Cooper I. A. , Cezário R. R. , Córdoba‐Aguilar A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAdult odonates (dragonflies and damselflies) exhibit a great diversity of colors which vary remarkably between species, between individuals within species, and throughout the individual's lifetime in some species. Here, we provide a summary of what is known about color recognition, and production of color including pigmentary absorption, structural reflectance, and fluorescence, in odonates. We also review the current understanding of the function of color in adult odonates, such as in signals during mate choice, in species recognition, and in predator avoidance, as well as in physiological adaptations to abiotic conditions. Finally, we provide some directions for future research: eye and pterostigma color, coloration at different life stages, UV color, phylogenetic analysis of color evolution, color and hot climate patterns, and standardization of color recordings. Given how easily they can be marked and tracked, odonates are exemplary animals for field and laboratory research. Therefore, unraveling the physiology, evolution, and ecology of odonate color can provide significant advances, in general, to understand insect color.
‘THE QUOTIDIAN OF THE SYMBOLIC’. ICONOGRAPHIC CHANGES BETWEEN DECORATED OBJECTS IN CANTABRIAN MAGDALENIAN PORTABLE ART. A MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL APPROACH
Authors: Salazar Cañarte Sergio , Rivero Vilá Olivia 
Published: March 2022

SummaryCantabrian portable art enjoys a long research tradition that has generated a vision of this phenomenon in which decoration seems to be determined by the type of artefact to be decorated and the context in which it participates. However, this conceptualization does not address the multiplicity of situations in which decorated objects were used. In the present work, both the iconographic variations in Cantabrian Magdalenian decorated objects and the diachronic changes in the use of the themes and artefacts are explored. For this, a quantitative analysis has been carried out and multivariate statistical tests have been applied on a sample of 293 objects that are distributed among 47 sites. The results point to a much more complex evolution of portable graphic activity in relation to the selection of the themes represented and the objects that were decorated.
Age‐related differences in expectation‐based novel word learning
Authors: Vergilova Yoana , Jachmann Torsten K. , Mani Nivedita , Kray Jutta 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAdult language users can infer the meaning of a previously unfamiliar word from a single exposure to this word in a semantically and thematically constrained context, henceforth, predictive context (Borovsky et al., 2010 Cognition, 116(2), 289–296; Borovsky et al., 2012 Language Learning and Development, 8(3), 278–302). Children use predictive contexts to anticipate upcoming stimuli (Borovsky et al., 2012 Language Learning and Development, 8(3), 278–302; Mani & Huettig, 2012 Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 38(4), 843–847), but the extent to which they rely on prediction to learn novel word forms is unclear (Gambi et al., 2021 Cognition, 211, 104650). Here, we examine children’s one‐shot learning from predictive contexts using a modified version of the one‐shot learning ERP paradigm for children aged 7–13 years. In a first learning phase, we presented audio recordings of expected words and unexpected novel pseudowords in strongly and weakly constraining sentence contexts. In the following priming phase, the same recorded words and pseudowords were used as primes to identical/synonymous, related, and unrelated target words. We measured N400 modulations to the word and pseudoword continuations in the learning phase and to the identical/synonymous, related, or unrelated target words in the priming phase. When initially presented in strongly constraining sentences, novel pseudowords primed synonymous targets equally well as word primes of the same intended meaning. This pattern was particularly pronounced in older children. Our findings suggest that, around early adolescence, children can use single exposures to constraining contexts to infer the meaning of novel words and to integrate these novel words in their lexicons.