bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stakeholder mapping for scaling up purun woven agroindustry as an alternative to strengthening livelihoods on peatlands
Authors: Adriani Dessy , Yulius  , Alamsyah Idham , Pijianti Mitdia 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper explores roles and interests of stakeholders in scaling up purun woven agroindustry as an alternative livelihood for people on peatlands. If the agroindustry serve well, purun plants on peatlands would be preserved and tension to burn peatland for other economic purposes is reduced. This research was conducted through a survey in Menang Raya Village, Pedamaran District, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, South Sumatera, Indonesia. Samples were purposively taken involving purun artisans and ten institutions related to the agroindustry. Analysis employed Importance Performance Analysis. Stakeholders were facilitators, regulators, implementers, evaluators, and advocators. Several interests were identified, namely economic, social, political, and environmental interests. Key stakeholders were Provincial Forestry Service, National dan Regional Peatland Restoration Agency, and local NGOs. Stakeholders were empowered by District Cooperatives and MSMEs Office, Provincial and Regional Planning Development Agency, Universities, and International NGOs. Follower stakeholders involved local communities. The form of partnership between stakeholders and the purun woven industry was mutualistic. The results suggested that doable strengthening strategies for scaling up purun woven agroindustry were (1) regulatory formulation, (2) strengthening the role of stakeholders, and (3) institutional structuring.
Study of oil palm plantation on peatland under spatial policies in Jambi Province, Indonesia
Authors: Rustiadi Ernan , Mulya Setyardi P , Pribadi Didit O , Saad Asmadi , Supijatno  , Iman La Ode S , Pravitasari Andrea E , Ermyanyla Mia , Nurdin M 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
According to The State of Indonesia’s Forest 2020 report, 23.96 M ha of peat ecosystems in Indonesia are currently damaged. Peat ecosystems have a high level of vulnerability to landscape changes. Some of the main functions of peatland are ecological conservation, energy, and agriculture. One of major agricultural activities on peatland is oil palm plantation. Extra strict land management is needed to reach sustainability and minimize disaster (e.g., land fires) following The Guidelines for the Utilization of Peatlands for Oil Palm Cultivation, regulated by the Minister of Agriculture No. 14/2009. Still, many other policies also control aspects of protection and cultivation on peatlands. The research focused on analyzing dynamics of spatial policy on peatlands for oil palm cultivation. Spatial policies used included spatial pattern of Jambi Province, land permits, and maps of the status of forest areas. This study analyzed inconsistency of policies on spatial patterns, permits, and forest areas status in oil palm plantations on peatland. This research was conducted in Jambi Province, where 13.86% (121,290 ha) was on peatland. The analysis used a logical alignment matrix and GIS. The results showed that oil palm plantations on peatland with HGU/other permits generally aligned to spatial planning, permit, and forest area status. Its area reached 50,598 ha. Peatland utilization should go through suitable technical planning stages and considering actual land use/tenure and water system functioning.
The potential of bacterial key species as a tool for monitoring peatland quality
Authors: Saragih F A S , Nelvia  , Pratiwi N W , Zul D 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Bacterial key species (BKS) is unique and found only in peat secondary forest, but not in converted peat areas. Its presence helps in biomonitoring of peatland quality. BKS candidates were detected based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence using the Next Generation Sequencing method. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing data were obtained from DNA isolated from peat soil of the secondary forest (SF), acacia plantations (AP), and rubber plantations (RP) in the Giam Siak Kecil - Bukit Batu (GSK-BB) Biosphere Reserve, Riau. The natural vegetation of peat swamp forest dominates the SF, which was relatively heterogeneous with anaerobic conditions and water level at 60-120 cm. The RP locations were planted with 6-7 year old rubber, water level was 20 cm, and the garden was not maintained. The AP locations were planted with A. crassicarpa and peat thickness was 9 m. The peat soil was sampled in August 2019. BKS candidates were selected based on a phylogenetic tree using MEGA 6.06 by observing the grouping of DNA sequences obtained only from secondary forests. Furthermore, the selection was also conducted using BLASTn: Align Two or More Sequence analysis to determine the similarity between selected BKS candidates. Based on the detected BKS candidate, a specific primer was designed to amplify the BKS sequence, and the specificity was tested in silico with FastPCR to detect that the primer was only for the amplification of the BKS target. Two BKS candidates with the same sequence length of 455 bp were discovered in the secondary forests and there were successfully amplified by 2 pairs of specific primers. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two BKS candidates could be used to monitor the peat quality that has been converted into plantation areas molecularly.
Estimating oil palm water usage in peat soils using sap flow technique
Authors: Safitri Lisma , Hermantoro  , Saptomo Satyanto K , Tambusai Nizam , Suryotomo Andiko P 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Massive issues on significant water used by oil palm trees suggest further estimation of water exploited by oil palm trees. This research employed sap flow technique using thermal dissipation probes (TDP), compared to Penman-Monteith equation as the benchmark. Water utilization by plants was studied through evapotranspiration, to investigate their water footprint and water productivity. Field study was carried out in a 17 year old oil palm plantation in Siak, Riau, Indonesia. Sap flow measurement was carried out on the 17th frond over sapric peat soil during 7th January - 18th March 2019. Water used from 19th oil palm was 40.97±6.63 L day−1 equals to 0.51±0.083 mm day−1 (mean ±SD). While, estimation based on Penman-Monteith equation was 286.3 ± 64.078 L day−1 equals to 3.58±0.80 mm day−1 (mean ±SD). Total accumulated water from Penman-Monteith equation (286.3 L day−1) was considerably higher than the one from sap flow measurement (41 L day−1). The result showed that water footprint from 17 year old oil palm tree based on sap flow and Penman-Monteith equation was 0.204 and 1.43 m3 kg−1 fresh fruit bunches respectively. While water productivity estimated from sap flow was 0.70 kg m−3 while Penman-Monteith equation achieved 4.89 kg m−3.
Fire severity assessment on peatland vegetation diversity
Authors: Syaufina Lailan , Sitanggang Imas S , Anggraini Aisyah , Afina Fakhri S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Forest fires have a significant impact on peatland ecosystem, including its vegetation diversity. Several approaches applied for forest fire severity assessment are available in the literature. This study aimed to implement field-based and spatial-aware fire severity assessments and to compare both approaches. Peat swamp forests of Ogan Komering Ilir, South Sumatera Province, for field assessment and Siak, Riau Province, for spatial assessment were selected in this research. Field-based fire severity assessment used indicators of vegetation analyses (individual tree damages, burned vegetation severity, and diversity index), which were measured and analyzed from sample plots in both burned and unburned areas. Spatial analyses of fires severity assessment employed Sentinel-2 satellite imagery with Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) approach. The research revealed a significant change in tree species diversity, indicating a lower diversity in burned areas than the ones in pristine fields. Magnitude of changes in diversity was influenced by fire severity levels in burned areas and pre-fire condition of burned areas. Spatial analyses indicated low to high fire severity with burned area estimation for each fire severity class. Both approaches have their own benefits and challenges. Field-based severity assessment is beneficial for a detailed assessment of fire damages and losses, whereas spatial analyses would be considered for a broader estimation of fire severity. Both assessments are mutually implemented. Field-based assessment can serve as a verification tool for spatial assessment.
Bacterial key species candidates for biomonitoring peatland burnt in the Giam Siak Kecil-Bukit Batu biosphere reserve, Riau
Authors: Zebua P K , Nelvia  , Pratiwi N W , Zul D 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Peatland fires affect the diversity of bacteria, particularly key species bacteria (BKS). BKS has an important role in the structure of ecological community as key taxa to forming the composition and function. This study determined unique BKS candidates of the secondary forest which may not be found in burned areas. These candidates were detected in silico from the 16S rRNA gene sequence. The 16S rRNA gene sequence was determined by next-generation sequencing (NGS) method from peat soil DNA sampled from secondary forest and burned areas in the Giam Siak Kecil Biosphere Reserve, Bukit Batu (GSK-BB). BKS candidates were selected from a phylogenetic tree constructed by using MEGA version 6.06. Selected BKS was in the same cluster as secondary forest and were re-selected using BLASTn: AlignTwo or More Sequence analysis to ensure the uniqueness of the sequences. Based on the selected candidates, specific primers were designed to amplify the 16S rRNA BKS gene. Sensitivity was tested in silico using FastPCR application to ensure that candidates were only in secondary forest. There were 19 BKS candidates found in the secondary forest and not in burnt land (BKS_SFB) that were classified into three groups. Based on the in silico PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene using the designed primer, we obtained two high specificity BKS candidates, i.e. BKS SFB2 (455 bp) and BKS SFB3 (473 bp). The two candidates are potential as DNA barcodes for peatland quality monitoring after burning.
Analysis of limiting factors for food agriculture development in peatland areas
Authors: Imanudin M S , Bakri  , Armanto M E , Saputra A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study aims to determine the main limiting factors in agricultural development on peat lands and the agricultural input to improve it. The study was conducted in peat land of the Sriwijaya Botanical Gardens, Bakung Ogan Ilir Village, South Sumatra, Indonesia. A detailed survey was designed based on a map scaling of 1: 5,000 and analyses of peat samples were carried out in the Soil Science Department Laboratory of Sriwijaya University. The Soil Map Unit (SMU) was then generated based on peat depth and its maturity. The indicator of agricultural food crops is corn. The results showed that the maturity of the peat was dominated by sapric, the depth was divided into two classes, namely 1.5-2m and >2m. The actual land suitability of the site was unsuitable (Nrc, nr) with the limiting factors, i.e. nutrient retention and root media. The limitation of nutrient retention was on low soil pH and low potassium. Whereas, Nitrogen and Phosphorus content were considered as high and medium. By giving agricultural input, the potential land suitability class improve to S3rc (less suitable) with the limiting factor including peat depth. There were some areas considered as permanently unsuitable (Nrc) due to peat depth. Drainage control is essential management to ensure crop water availability.
The effect of Gibberellin (GA3) and Paclobutrazol on growth and production on Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.)
Authors: Novita Aisar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) is a horticultural crop with a high demand for daily consumption and industrial purpose. Growth and development of a plant is influenced by internal, such as seed, and external factors. The use of growth hormones such as Gibberellin and Paclobutrazol is expected to increase growth and production of tomato. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of Gibberellin and Paclobutrazol on growth and production of tomato. This research was conducted in a gauze house of Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan. This research used randomized complete block design with two factors and three replications. The first factor was Gibberellin (G1 = 0 ppm, G2 = 5 ppm, G3 = 10 ppm, G4 = 15 ppm) and the second was Paclobutrazol (Po = 0 ppm, P1 = 250 ppm, P2 = 500 ppm, P3 = 750 ppm). The media used for nursery, i.e. a mixture of peat soil (with a depth of 20 cm) and compost with a ratio of 1:1, was put in a plastic tray. The result showed that Gibberellin had a significant effect on increasing flowering time and fruit production per sample. Paclobutrazol had a remarkable role on decreasing plant height and increasing flowering. Interaction of Gibberellin and Paclobutrazol showed no significant effect on all observed parameters.
Effect of shelter and fertilization on shallot yield, peat properties, and CO2 fluxes in peatlands
Authors: Maftuah E , Fahmi A , Susilawati A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Peatlands are potential for cultivating horticultural plants including shallot. This research aims to study the effect of shelter and fertilization on shallots and CO2 emissions in peatlands. This study was conducted on peatlands in Landasan Ulin village, North Banjarbaru District, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan. We used a split-plot design with main plot was shelter (R1) and without shelter (farmer’s practice) (R2), and subplot was fertilization consist of 100% recommended dosage (P0), 50% recommended dose + Liquid organic fertilizer (P1), 75% recommended dose + Liquid organic fertilizer (P2), 100% recommended dose + Liquid organic fertilizer (P3), and 125% recommended dose + Liquid organic fertilizer (P4). Observations included soil periodic of pH, available P, available K, CO2 emissions, growth and yield of shallot. The results showed that shelter application increased the availability of P and K in peatlands. A combination of shelter and 75% recommended dose+Liquid organic fertilizer could increase the shallot yield in peatlands up to 25.7% compared to P0. The highest cumulative flux CO2 were shown by the treatment without rain shelter (treatment R2PO) reaching 6.2 t CO2/ha/year and the lowest was in the rain shelter application plot (treatment) R1P4 (i.e., 4.5 t CO2/ha/year) which was not significantly different from treatment R1P2 (4.7 t CO2/ha/year).
The potential of geronggang (Cratoxylon arborescens (Vahl.) Blume) in conserving Sycanus sp. as natural enemy of insect pests in peatland areas
Authors: Sucahyono M P , Hidayat R , Gafur A , Indrayadi H , Wahno I , Herdyantara A B , Tjahjono B 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Geronggang (Cratoxylon arborescens) is a promising species for peatland management. This tree is a native species of peatlands distributed in several areas of Riau Province. In addition to being used for construction timber and a source of natural fibre, it has a role in the conservation of biological resources, such as insects. Some natural enemies (predators and parasitoids) commonly breed around Geronggang tree areas, such as a predator namely Sycanus sp. Conserving biological resources is a strategy to support integrated pest management. This observations aims to explore the potency of Geronggang as habitat for Sycanus sp. The role of the native tree in conserving Sycanus sp. was observed from January to December 2020 by observing interval at about 4.8 days. The results indicated that at about 26.09 individuals of Sycanus sp. caught per 100 m2 of the Geronggang tree. This implies that Geronggang has great potentials for conserving Sycanus as natural enemy of insect pests. In summary, potential natural enemies can then be developed by applying the “capture, develop and release” method.
Security in Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) based Industrial Control Systems: Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Ara Anees 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Industrial control systems (ICS) play a vital role in monitoring and controlling the plants like power grids, oil and gas industries, manufacturing industries, and nuclear power plants. Present research and development in information and communication technologies have changed the domains of industrial control systems from traditional electromagnetic to network- based digital systems. This domain shift has created better interfaces for communication between physical processes and the control units. Eventually, making the complex process of monitoring and controlling the industries easier, with the help of internet connections and computing technologies. The field instruments such as sensors and actuators and the physical processes in industries are controlled and monitored by programmable logic controllers (PLC), remote telemetric units (RTU), and supervisory control and data acquisition systems (SCADA) with the help of communication protocols. The seamless integration of the information technologies (IT) and operational technologies (OT) make the management of the industrial environment foster. However, the inclusion of new technologies that increase the number of internet connections, the new communication protocols, and interfaces that run on open-source software, brings up new threats and challenges in addition to existing vulnerabilities in these classical legacy-based heterogeneous hardware and software systems. Due to the increase in the number of security incidents on critical infrastructures, the security considerations for SCADA systems/ICS are gaining interest among researchers. In this paper, we provide a description of SCADA/ICS components, architecture, and communication protocols. Additionally, we discuss details of existing vulnerabilities in hardware, software, and communication protocols. Further, we highlight some prominent security incidents and their motives behind them. We analyse the existing state of OT and IT security in SCADA systems by classifying the SCADA components among them. Finally, we provide security recommendations based on current trends and also discuss open research problems in SCADA security.
Green Hydrogen Generation: Recent Advances and Challenges
Authors: AlZohbi G 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Actually, decarbonization of the global economy presents an important challenge for the worldwide. Expanding renewable energy sources and using green hydrogen to merge renewables in many sectors, such as energy, mobility and industries, present a potential key to meet this challenge. Green hydrogen has the potential to plug the fluctuation of wind and solar energy, to serve as feedstock in many industrial processes, and as fuel for transportation. An overview of the different technologies used to generate green hydrogen is presented in this paper. In addition, this paper summarises the different barriers of the development of green hydrogen.
Comparison of priori and posteriori approach of multi-objective optimization for WEDM on Ti6Al4V alloy
Authors: Jain Shubham , Parashar Vishal 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Titanium alloys are known to have some excellent properties, such as good biocompatibility, good fatigue resistance and high strength to weight ratio. Due to these properties, Ti6Al4V alloy is widely used in the biomedical field, aerospace and automobile industries. In this article, pulse on-time (TON), pulse off time (TOFF), and servo voltage (SV) were selected as process parameters for wire electric discharge machining (WEDM) on Ti6Al4V alloy. The material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR) were determined as responses. MRR and SR have been equated by a central composite design (CCD: a response surface method technique). Then multi-objective Artificial Bee Colony optimization (MO-ABC) with Gray relational analysis (GRA) was selected as a priori approach for multi-objective optimization. Also, a multi-objective grasshopper optimization algorithm (MO-GOA) has been chosen as a posterior approach for optimization. These two algorithms have been tested on various iterations and populations. Based on the elapsed time, it has been found that the priori approach of multi-objective optimization is better than the posterior approach of multi-objective optimization. When comparing these algorithms based on the results, it is obtained that the posterior approach gives a better combination of multiple results. The major outcome of the research is that the priori method is quick, while the posterior approach produces many promising solutions.
Twisted hybrid algorithms for combinatorial optimization
Authors: Caha Libor , Kliesch Alexander , Koenig Robert 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Proposed hybrid algorithms encode a combinatorial cost function into a problem Hamiltonian and optimize its energy by varying over a set of states with low circuit complexity. Classical processing is typically only used for the choice of variational parameters following gradient descent. As a consequence, these approaches are limited by the descriptive power of the associated states. We argue that for certain combinatorial optimization problems, such algorithms can be hybridized further, thus harnessing the power of efficient non-local classical processing. Specifically, we consider combining a quantum variational ansatz with a greedy classical post-processing procedure for the MaxCut-problem on three-regular graphs. We show that the average cut-size produced by this method can be quantified in terms of the energy of a modified problem Hamiltonian. This motivates the consideration of an improved algorithm which variationally optimizes the energy of the modified Hamiltonian. We call this a twisted hybrid algorithm since the additional classical processing step is combined with a different choice of variational parameters. We exemplify the viability of this method using the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA), giving analytic lower bounds on the expected approximation ratios achieved by twisted QAOA. We observe that for levels p = 1, …, 5, these lower bounds are comparable to the known lower bounds on QAOA at level p + 1 for high-girth graphs. This suggests that using twisted QAOA can reduce the circuit depth by 4 and the number of variational parameters by 2.
Engineering entanglement between resonators by hot environment
Authors: Naseem M Tahir , Müstecaplıoğlu Özgür E 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Autonomous quantum thermal machines do not require an external coherent drive or work input to perform the desired tasks, making them a promising candidate for thermal management in quantum systems. Here, we propose an autonomous quantum thermal machine in which two uncoupled macroscopic mechanical resonators or microwave resonators achieve considerable entanglement via a hot thermal bath. This becomes possible by coupling the resonators to a common two-level system or third harmonic oscillator and driving it by the hot incoherent thermal bath. The critical step to make the entanglement involves suitable engineering of the hot bath, realized by bath spectrum filtering. Our results suggest that the bath spectrum filtering can be an alternative to typical non-autonomous reservoir engineering schemes to create exotic quantum states.