bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolating motile sperm cell sorting using biocompatible electrospun membranes
Authors: Katigbak Roberto D. , Dumée Ludovic F. , Kong Lingxue 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMotility is an indicator of sperm cell viability due to higher probability in swimming through the female reproductive tract and undergo fertilization with the egg cell. Centrifugation method is a technique to process high volume semen and isolate motile sperm cells but decreases the biochemical integrity of spermatozoa due to the contact with reactive oxygen species (ROS) from dead cells released during centrifugation. This study uses solution electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) membranes as an alternative in isolating motile spermatozoa by utilizing a rationally designed 3D printed module set up, providing the same benefits as commercially available techniques with minimal processing time, and bypassing the centrifugation step to provide higher quality sperm cells. The membranes, with nominal pore size distributions ranging from 5 to 6 µm are highly porous structures suitable for establishing baseline data for sperm cell sorting by motility. The proposed method allows for isolation of motile sperm cells with 74% purity, while decreasing the processing time by 98% when compared to centrifugation techniques. This novel approach provides a facile method for isolating motile spermatozoa directly from frozen semen samples without any pretreatments and is easily scalable for small and medium scale farms as well as larger industries.
Exploring the effect of the primary care health workers number on infectious diarrhea morbidity and where the health resources should go
Authors: Guan Xujing , Lan Tianjiao , Liao Weibin , Wu Xue’er , Pan Jay 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe aimed to explore the association between the number of primary healthcare workers and infectious diarrhea morbidity at community levels and to provide evidence-based implications for optimizing primary healthcare manpower resource allocations. We collected annual infectious diarrhea morbidity and relevant data of 4321 communities in Sichuan Province, China, from 2017 to 2019. Global and local Moran’s I were calculated to detect the spatial clustering of infectious diarrhea morbidity and to identify areas where increased primary healthcare manpower resources should be allocated. The spatial lag fixed effects panel data model was adopted to explore the association between the number of primary healthcare workers per 1000 residents and infectious diarrhea morbidity. Significantly high–high and low–low clusters of infectious diarrhea cases were found to be mainly distributed in underdeveloped and developed areas during the studied period years, respectively. The infectious diarrhea morbidity was found to be statistically negatively associated with the number of primary healthcare workers per 1000 residents with a coefficient of − 0.172, indicating that a 0.172 reduction of infectious diarrhea morbidity (1/10,000) was associated with doubled amounts of primary healthcare workers per 1000 residents. Our findings highlighted the role of primary healthcare in the process of infectious diarrhea prevention and control, and implied that constant efforts should be addressed to facilitate infectious diarrhea prevention and control, especially in the underdeveloped areas.
Effects of experimentally induced cervical spine mobility alteration on the postural organisation of gait initiation
Authors: Delafontaine A. , Vialleron T. , Diakhaté D. G. , Fourcade P. , Yiou E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGait initiation (GI), the transient period between quiet standing and locomotion, is a functional task classically used in the literature to investigate postural control. This study aimed to investigate the influence of an experimentally-induced alteration of cervical spine mobility (CSM) on GI postural organisation. Fifteen healthy young adults initiated gait on a force-plate in (1) two test conditions, where participants wore a neck orthosis that passively simulated low and high levels of CSM alteration; (2) one control condition, where participants wore no orthosis; and (3) one placebo condition, where participants wore a cervical bandage that did not limit CSM. Centre-of-pressure and centre-of-mass kinematics were computed based on force-plate recordings according to Newton’s second law. Main results showed that anticipatory postural adjustments amplitude (peak backward centre-of-pressure shift and forward centre-of-mass velocity at toe-off) and motor performance (step length and forward centre-of-mass velocity at foot-contact) were altered under the condition of high CSM restriction. These effects of CSM restriction may reflect the implementation of a more cautious strategy directed to attenuate head-in-space destabilisation and ease postural control. It follows that clinicians should be aware that the prescription of a rigid neck orthosis to posturo-deficient patients could exacerbate pre-existing GI deficits.
Structural definition of a pan-sarbecovirus neutralizing epitope on the spike S2 subunit
Authors: Hurlburt Nicholas K. , Homad Leah J. , Sinha Irika , Jennewein Madeleine F. , MacCamy Anna J. , Wan Yu-Hsin , Boonyaratanakornkit Jim , Sholukh Anton M. , Jackson Abigail M. , Zhou Panpan , Burton Dennis R. , Andrabi Raiees , Ozorowski Gabriel , Ward Andrew B. , Stamatatos Leonidas , Pancera Marie , McGuire Andrew T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThree betacoronaviruses have crossed the species barrier and established human-to-human transmission causing significant morbidity and mortality in the past 20 years. The most current and widespread of these is SARS-CoV-2. The identification of CoVs with zoonotic potential in animal reservoirs suggests that additional outbreaks could occur. Monoclonal antibodies targeting conserved neutralizing epitopes on diverse CoVs can form the basis for prophylaxis and therapeutic treatments and enable the design of vaccines aimed at providing pan-CoV protection. We previously identified a neutralizing monoclonal antibody, CV3-25 that binds to the SARS-CoV-2 spike, neutralizes the SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant comparably to the ancestral Wuhan Hu-1 strain, cross neutralizes SARS-CoV-1 and binds to recombinant proteins derived from the spike-ectodomains of HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1. Here, we show that the neutralizing activity of CV3-25 is maintained against the Alpha, Delta, Gamma and Omicron variants of concern as well as a SARS-CoV-like bat coronavirus with zoonotic potential by binding to a conserved linear peptide in the stem-helix region. Negative stain electron microscopy and a 1.74 Å crystal structure of a CV3-25/peptide complex demonstrates that CV3-25 binds to the base of the stem helix at the HR2 boundary to an epitope that is distinct from other stem-helix directed neutralizing mAbs.
Tyrosine 121 moves revealing a ligandable pocket that couples catalysis to ATP-binding in serine racemase
Authors: Koulouris Chloe R. , Gardiner Sian E. , Harris Tessa K. , Elvers Karen T. , Mark Roe S. , Gillespie Jason A. , Ward Simon E. , Grubisha Olivera , Nicholls Robert A. , Atack John R. , Bax Benjamin D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHuman serine racemase (hSR) catalyses racemisation of L-serine to D-serine, the latter of which is a co-agonist of the NMDA subtype of glutamate receptors that are important in synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. In a ‘closed’ hSR structure containing the allosteric activator ATP, the inhibitor malonate is enclosed between the large and small domains while ATP is distal to the active site, residing at the dimer interface with the Tyr121 hydroxyl group contacting the α-phosphate of ATP. In contrast, in ‘open’ hSR structures, Tyr121 sits in the core of the small domain with its hydroxyl contacting the key catalytic residue Ser84. The ability to regulate SR activity by flipping Tyr121 from the core of the small domain to the dimer interface appears to have evolved in animals with a CNS. Multiple X-ray crystallographic enzyme-fragment structures show Tyr121 flipped out of its pocket in the core of the small domain. Data suggest that this ligandable pocket could be targeted by molecules that inhibit enzyme activity.
Wuschel2 enables highly efficient CRISPR/Cas-targeted genome editing during rapid de novo shoot regeneration in sorghum
Authors: Che Ping , Wu Emily , Simon Marissa K. , Anand Ajith , Lowe Keith , Gao Huirong , Sigmund Amy L. , Yang Meizhu , Albertsen Marc C. , Gordon-Kamm William , Jones Todd J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFor many important crops including sorghum, use of CRISPR/Cas technology is limited not only by the delivery of the gene-modification components into a plant cell, but also by the ability to regenerate a fertile plant from the engineered cell through tissue culture. Here, we report thatWuschel2 (Wus2)-enabled transformation increases not only the transformation efficiency, but also the CRISPR/Cas-targeted genome editing frequency in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). UsingAgrobacterium-mediated transformation, we have demonstratedWus2-induced direct somatic embryo formation and regeneration, bypassing genotype-dependent callus formation and significantly shortening the tissue culture cycle time. This method also increased the regeneration capacity that resulted in higher transformation efficiency across different sorghum varieties. Subsequently, advanced excision systems and “altruistic” transformation technology have been developed to generate high-quality morphogenic gene-free and/or selectable marker-free sorghum events. Finally, we demonstrate up to 6.8-fold increase in CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene dropout frequency usingWus2-enabled transformation, compared to withoutWus2, across various targeted loci in different sorghum genotypes.
Inferring the size of a collective of self-propelled Vicsek particles from the random motion of a single unit
Authors: De Lellis Pietro , Porfiri Maurizio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInferring the size of a collective from the motion of a few accessible units is a fundamental problem in network science and interdisciplinary physics. Here, we recognize stochasticity as the commodity traded in the units’ interactions. Drawing inspiration from the work of Einstein-Perrin-Smoluchowski on the discontinuous structure of matter, we use the random motion of one unit to identify the footprint of every other unit. Just as the Avogadro’s number can be determined from the Brownian motion of a suspended particle in a liquid, the size of the collective can be inferred from the random motion of any unit. For self-propelled Vicsek particles, we demonstrate an inverse proportionality between the diffusion coefficient of the heading of any particle and the size of the collective. We provide a rigorous method to infer the size of a collective from measurements of a few units, strengthening the link between physics and collective behavior.
Strategic design of a bifunctional Ag(i)-grafted NHC-MOF for efficient chemical fixation of CO2 from a dilute gas under ambient conditions
Authors: Das Rajesh , Parihar Vaibhav , Nagaraja C. M. 
Published: April 2022

Facile grafting of catalytically active Ag(i) into CO2-philic NHC-MOF for simultaneous capture and conversion of CO2 from dilute gas to value-added α-alkylidene cyclic carbonate and oxazolidinones under mild conditions is demonstrated.
Analysis of Attention, Processing, and Visual Search in Adults With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Riccardi Jessica Salley , Thiessen Amber , Brown Jessica 
Published: April 2022

Purpose:
Some adults with underlying cognitive and visual deficits following traumatic brain injury (TBI) have difficulty locating items in visuographic materials. Given that many external supports depict content through multiple modalities, understanding how individuals with cognitive or visual deficits interpret content is crucial for designing and selecting supports. The purpose of this exploratory study was to evaluate the scanning, attention, and processing behaviors of adults with TBI during visual searches.

Method:
Participants included nine adults with TBI and nine controls. Participants viewed 24 grid (5 × 5) displays on an eye tracker under two conditions (i.e., text and icons) and located target items.

Results:
Participants collectively exhibited more difficulty scanning for and processing iconic stimuli than text stimuli. More efficient searches increased the likelihood of a successful search, regardless of condition.

Conclusions:
These findings have implications for clinicians and researchers who evaluate, select, and create visuographic supports. Layouts should be individualized to the person's strengths and challenges in visual search. Direct instructions should be provided to adults with TBI to increase their ability to successfully search and use visuographic supports. Further research will help elucidate whether the presentation of content in different layouts or representing various word classes (e.g., adjectives and verbs) prompts additional scanning and processing challenges.
Automatic detection of small-scale EUV brightenings observed by the Solar Orbiter/EUI
Authors: Alipour N. , Safari H. , Verbeeck C. , Berghmans D. , Auchère F. , Chitta L. P. , Antolin P. , Barczynski K. , Buchlin É. , Aznar Cuadrado R. , Dolla L. , Georgoulis M. K. , Gissot S. , Harra L. , Katsiyannis A. C. , Long D. M. , Mandal S. , Parenti S. , Podladchikova O. , Petrova E. , Soubrié É. , Schühle U. , Schwanitz C. , Teriaca L. , West M. J. , Zhukov A. N. 
Published: April 2022

Context. Accurate detections of frequent small-scale extreme ultraviolet (EUV) brightenings are essential to the investigation of the physical processes heating the corona.
Aims. We detected small-scale brightenings, termed campfires, using their morphological and intensity structures as observed in coronal EUV imaging observations for statistical analysis.
Methods. We applied a method based on Zernike moments and a support vector machine (SVM) classifier to automatically identify and track campfires observed by Solar Orbiter/Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUI) and Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA).
Results. This method detected 8678 campfires (with length scales between 400 km and 4000 km) from a sequence of 50 High Resolution EUV telescope (HRIEUV) 174 Å images. From 21 near co-temporal AIA images covering the same field of view as EUI, we found 1131 campfires, 58% of which were also detected in HRIEUV images. In contrast, about 16% of campfires recognized in HRIEUV were detected by AIA. We obtain a campfire birthrate of 2 × 10−16 m−2 s−1. About 40% of campfires show a duration longer than 5 s, having been observed in at least two HRIEUV images. We find that 27% of campfires were found in coronal bright points and the remaining 73% have occurred out of coronal bright points. We detected 23 EUI campfires with a duration greater than 245 s. We found that about 80% of campfires are formed at supergranular boundaries, and the features with the highest total intensities are generated at network junctions and intense H I Lyman-α emission regions observed by EUI/HRILya. The probability distribution functions for the total intensity, peak intensity, and projected area of campfires follow a power law behavior with absolute indices between 2 and 3. This self-similar behavior is a possible signature of self-organization, or even self-organized criticality, in the campfire formation process.
Zero-phase angle asteroid taxonomy classification using unsupervised machine learning algorithms
Authors: Colazo M. , Alvarez-Candal A. , Duffard R. 
Published: April 2022

Context. We are in an era of large catalogs and, thus, statistical analysis tools for large data sets, such as machine learning, play a fundamental role. One example of such a survey is the Sloan Moving Object Catalog (MOC), which lists the astrometric and photometric information of all moving objects captured by the Sloan field of view. One great advantage of this telescope is represented by its set of five filters, allowing for taxonomic analysis of asteroids by studying their colors. However, until now, the color variation produced by the change of phase angle of the object has not been taken into account.
Aims. In this paper, we address this issue by using absolute magnitudes for classification. We aim to produce a new taxonomic classification of asteroids based on their magnitudes that is unaffected by variations caused by the change in phase angle.
Methods. We selected 9481 asteroids with absolute magnitudes of Hg, Hi and Hz, computed from the Sloan Moving Objects Catalog using the HG*12 system. We calculated the absolute colors with them. To perform the taxonomic classification, we applied a unsupervised machine learning algorithm known as fuzzy C-means. This is a useful soft clustering tool for working with data sets where the different groups are not completely separated and there are regions of overlap between them. We have chosen to work with the four main taxonomic complexes, C, S, X, and V, as they comprise most of the known spectral characteristics.
Results. We classified a total of 6329 asteroids with more than 60% probability of belonging to the assigned taxonomic class, with 162 of these objects having been characterized by an ambiguous classification in the past. By analyzing the sample obtained in the plane Semimajor axis versus inclination, we identified 15 new V-type asteroid candidates outside the Vesta family region.
Doppler Ultrasound of the Umbilical Artery: Clinical Application
Authors: Rocha Ana Sá , Andrade Ana Rosa Araújo , Moleiro Maria Lúcia , Guedes-Martins Luís 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective To provide a survey of relevant literature on umbilical artery Doppler ultrasound use in clinical practice, technical considerations and limitations, and future perspectives.
Methods Literature searches were conducted in PubMed and Medline, restricted to articles written in English. Additionally, the references of all analyzed studies were searched to obtain necessary information.
Results The use of this technique as a routine surveillance method is only recommended for high-risk pregnancies with impaired placentation. Meta-analyses of randomized trials have established that obstetric management guided by umbilical artery Doppler findings can improve perinatal mortality and morbidity. The values of the indices of Umbilical artery Doppler decrease with advancing gestational age; however, a lack of consensus on reference ranges prevails.
Conclusion Important clinical decisions are based on the information obtained with umbilical artery Doppler ultrasound. Future efforts in research are imperative to overcome the current limitations of the technique.
Ultrafast infrared transient absorption spectroscopy of gas-phase Ni(CO)4 photodissociation at 261 nm
Authors: Cole-Filipiak Neil C. , Troß Jan , Schrader Paul , McCaslin Laura M. , Ramasesha Krupa 
Published: April 2022

We employ ultrafast mid-infrared transient absorption spectroscopy to probe the rapid loss of carbonyl ligands from gas-phase nickel tetracarbonyl following ultraviolet photoexcitation at 261 nm. Here, nickel tetracarbonyl undergoes prompt dissociation to produce nickel tricarbonyl in a singlet excited state; this electronically excited tricarbonyl loses another CO group over tens of picoseconds. Our results also suggest the presence of a parallel, concerted dissociation mechanism to produce nickel dicarbonyl in a triplet excited state, which likely dissociates to nickel monocarbonyl. Mechanisms for the formation of these photoproducts in multiple electronic excited states are theoretically predicted with one-dimensional cuts through the potential energy surfaces and computation of spin–orbit coupling constants using equation of motion coupled cluster methods (EOM-CC) and coupled cluster theory with single and double excitations (CCSD). Bond dissociation energies are calculated with CCSD, and anharmonic frequencies of ground and excited state species are computed using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT).
Maxwell’s equations as mechanical law
Authors: Jens U Nöckel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Electrodynamics and special relativity are so deeply interconnected that it is difficult decide which of them is the logical consequence of the other, without running the risk of circular reasoning. Following the historical development by introducing electromagnetism phenomenologically first, this issue is not resolved but at best minimized, because even the Lorentz force law itself is fundamentally relativistic. Here we propose a derivation of Maxwell’s equations at a beginning graduate level with the goal of circumventing this difficulty. Based on prior work that establishes special relativity independently of any electrodynamic postulates, it is indeed possible to derive Maxwell’s equations from relativity by adding suitable assumptions. The contribution of the present work is to choose these assumptions in such a way that they can be regarded as extensions of the same postulates on which special-relativistic point-particle dynamics itself is based in the first place. The biggest leap is to extend the law of energy- and momentum conservation to the electromagnetic field itself. This hinges on the energy–momentum tensor, and the fact that the latter must account not only for the Lorentz force on a charge, but also for the forces exerted by that same charge on its environment.
Addendum: On stochastic Kaczmarz type methods for solving large scale systems of ill-posed equations (2022 Inverse Problems

38 025003)
Authors: Rabelo J C , Leitão A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We address the convergence analysis derived in (Rabelo et al 2022 Inverse Problems
38 025003) for the sPLWK method; a SGD type method for solving large scale systems of ill-posed equations. The assumption constraining the growth rate of the stopping index function

k

*

:
δ
↦

k

*

(

δ

)

∈
N

is removed; this assumption was needed in the proof of the semi-convergence result. The most important consequence of our findings is the fact that, what semi-convergence concerns, in the sPLWK method the growth rate of k*(δ), as δ goes to zero, is independent of the decay rate of the noise level. This is in strong contrast to the deterministic theory, where one needs additional assumptions of the type lim
δ→0‖δ‖2
k*(δ) = 0 for many iterative schemes, i.e., the stopping index should not grow to fast.
Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and its voltage control in MgO/CoFeB/Mo/CoFeB/MgO junctions
Authors: Yamamoto Tatsuya , Ichinose Tomohiro , Uzuhashi Jun , Nozaki Takayuki , Ohkubo Tadakatsu , Yakushiji Kay , Tamaru Shingo , Kubota Hitoshi , Fukushima Akio , Hono Kazuhiro , Yuasa Shinji 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We study the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in the MgO/CoFeB (CFB)/MgO junctions with an angstrom-thick Mo spacer layer separating the CFB layer. Perpendicularly magnetized CFB/Mo/CFB films are achieved for a wide range of CFB thicknesses, and a large PMA energy density of

>

0.3

mJ m−2 is demonstrated by tuning the thickness ratio of the two CFB layers as well as the thickness of the Mo spacer layer. The PMA in the MgO/CFB/Mo/CFB/MgO is controlled by a voltage applied across the junction, and a sign inversion in the voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy effect is clearly observed between the ‘top free’ and ‘bottom free’ magnetic tunnel junctions, in which the CFB/Mo/CFB layers are fabricated on top and bottom of an MgO barrier layer, respectively. Nanostructural analyses reveal the difference in the morphology of the top free and bottom free magnetic tunnel junctions and also suggest that the flatness of CFB/MgO interface is rather important for improving the efficiency of the voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy.