bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of income from pine resin tapping on Forest Farmers Groups in partnership with UPT KPH Region II Pematang Siantar
Authors: Purba P R , Rahmawaty  , Susilowati A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The forestry partnership pattern is a social forestry scheme which is an empowerment program that prioritizes the principles of agreement, equality, mutual benefit, local specificity, trust, transparency and participation in its implementation. One of the partnership patterns adopted by UPT. KPH Region II Pematang Siantar is pine resintapping. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence the income of pine resin tappers in farmer groups partnering with UPT. KPH Region II Pematang Siantar. The research was conducted in a qualitative descriptive manner using primary and secondary data. A total of 70 members of the forest farmer group (KTH) from the Mantap Cooperative of Sibaganding Village, were taken as respondents in this study. The method used is Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) using expert choice software. The data collection method is Focus Group Discussion (FGD). From the results of weighting with AHP, it was obtained that the determinants of the income of the pine resin tappers of the Mantap Cooperative were the price (0.41), followed by the number of trees being tapped (0.26), the weather (0.13), the distance from the tapping location (0.10) and gender (0.08). The value of the level of inconsistency in this study is 0.07.
Mini review: Extracellular enzymes and proteins produced by nematophagous fungi
Authors: Hastuti L D S , Berliani K , Mulya M B , Hartanto A , Pahlevi S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
While the advanced use of nematophagous and nematode-trapping fungi has been promoted and proven to be effective in the field to control root-know nematodes, the prospect of enzymes produced by these group have remained unclear and not extensively summarized. The aim of this review was to describe the current progress and possibly suggestion for further investigation regarding the extracellular enzymes and proteins produced by the fungi. We identified some studies published between 1985 and 2022 from the Scopus database by using a combination of keywords or Boolean operators: “(Nematophagous OR Nematode-trapping) AND (Fungi OR Fungus) AND Enzyme” in the “Article title, Abstract, Keywords” section. The procedure yielded a total of 77 research articles regarding the context with its peak of publication in 2007 with 6 articles. Members of Orbiliaceae or nematode-trapping fungi were predominantly mentioned in the articles among other fungal taxa such as Arthrobotrys oligospora, Duddingtonia flagrans, and Monacrosporium thaumasium. Proteases, serine proteases, and chitinases were the most investigated enzymes produced by nematophagous fungi, with a topic emphasizing on their utilization and role in biological control against nematodes.
Visitor valuation for natural tourism development in Simarjarunjung, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Purwoko A , Patana P , Ginting S A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Ecotourism is a type of tourism that became popular around the 1990s. Indonesia has a variety of unique nature that is good for the development of ecotourism. Most foreign tourists come to Indonesia because of its natural beauty and uniqueness. The increase in the local and national economy is obtained from visits and expenses incurred by tourists, so it must continue to be improved and maintain satisfaction. This study aims to analyze the characteristics, level of visitor satisfaction, and the factors that influence the motivation to visit tourist attractions in the Simarjarunjung area. This study uses descriptive and explanatory methods with a quantitative approach. Score and categorization of satisfaction level in each aspect studied, namely natural scenery, access/affordability, security, facilities, cleanliness, comfort, toilet facilities, road infrastructure, and promotion. Scores for all aspects are also obtained as an overall picture of the level of visitor satisfaction for each category of push and pull factors. From the regression analysis obtained the factors that have a significant effect on the motivation of visitors along with the direction and coefficient value. Aspects of satisfaction and motivation as well as the factors that influence them become important policy briefs for stakeholders to develop nature tourism.
Potential of cellulolytic fungi isolated from the intestine of Asiatic rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros)
Authors: Nasution A F , Munir E , Suryanto D , Yurnaliza Y 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cellulose is a potential source of fermentable sugars and a promising cost-effective source for biofuel production. This study aimed to obtain potential cellulolytic fungi from the intestine of Asiatic rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros L.). The cellulolytic fungi were isolated using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media using spread plate method. Qualitative and quantitative screening tests were carried out using 1% of CMC (w/v) as a sole carbon source. Twelve isolates were recovered with varying cellulolytic capabilities. The highest cellulolytic activity was obtained from KOr-15J with an index of 1.93 while KOr-23J produced the lowest cellulolytic index (1.01) based on the qualitative screening. The highest cellulase activity assayed using DNS (3,5-Dinitrosalicylic acid) method revealed KOr-21J with an activity of 0.018 U/mL while three isolates (KOr-16J, KOr-19J and KOr-22J) produced the lowest activity (0.003 U/mL). This study provides multiple verifications of the potential ability of cellulolytic fungi and their cellulase activity in the intestine of Asiatic rhinoceros beetle.
Growth response of black soybean (Glycine max L. Merril) with a multi canopy cropping system on measurement chlorophyll and leaf area index
Authors: Rahmadina R , Nurwahyuni I , Elimasni E , Hanafiah D S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Black soybean is one of the sources of food that is needed by the people of Indonesia, but its existence is very limited due to the limited area of production that is suitable for its growth so it results in less than optimal production. This study aims to develop new innovations in soybean planting systems by looking at their vegetative growth in terms of the amount of chlorophyll and leaf area index and whether or not it affects vegetative growth. The method in this study used randomized block design with 3 factorials consisting of 4 different cultivars, spacing, and pruning. The parameters measured in this study were chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll ratio, and leaf area index. The results obtained on the leaf area index found in the cultivar Detam 4 Prida (K4P2J1) with a total of 121, 33 cm while the amount of chlorophyll in the cultivar Detam 4 Prida (K4P1J1) was 6.37 mol/m2. This study concludes that each treatment is very influential on the growth of soybean plants with a multi-canopy planting system, especially on the cultivar type and spacing.
Preparation and application of heterogeneous catalyst based on KOH impregnated activated carbon from rubber seed kernel for biodiesel synthesis
Authors: Iriany  , Taslim  , Bani O , Aldi A , Rahmadani S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Research to explore the potential of rubber seeds kernel as a carbon source for the preparation of heterogeneous catalysts has been carried out. This study aimed to characterize rubber seed kernel carbon, impregnate it with KOH, and apply it as a heterogeneous catalyst in biodiesel synthesis. In this research, rubber seed kernel was powdered then carbonized in a furnace for 4 h at 500°C, followed by activation with HCl for 1 h and dried. The resulting activated carbon was impregnated with KOH solution for 3 h at 80°C. After pre-drying, it was calcined at 500°C for 3 h. The rubber seed kernel powder, activated carbon, and KOH impregnated carbon were characterized using SEM-EDX and FTIR. KOH impregnated carbon was used as a heterogeneous catalyst in coconut oil transesterification for biodiesel synthesis. The parameters studied were catalyst load (2 - 4%) and reaction temperature (55 - 65°C). Molar ratio of oil to methanol and time were set at 1:9 and 2 h, respectively. The highest yield (96.43%) was obtained at 3% catalyst load and reaction temperature of 60°C.
Simulation model in determining forestry and plantation circumstances
Authors: Sembiring N , Napitupulu H L , Sembiring M T , Ishak A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Plantation and forestry systems consist of several dynamic subsystems as well as complexes that are integrated. Plantation and forestry productivity is largely determined by the interactions of each of these sub-systems. Simulation models can illustrate interactions between sub-systems in detail to be analyzed and evaluated in predicting any conditions that may occur. The model is indispensable because it leads to significant savings in time and money. This article is compiled by selecting and analyzing the previous research methods selected to draw conclusions on interactions between sub-systems to achieve effective and efficient plantation productivity. The final results show that how sub-systems affect forestry and plantation productivity can be demonstrated by hybrid simulation models. Therefore, hybrid simulation methods can be used to determine the integration process of each party in affecting the productivity of plantations and forests. The hybrid simulation model incorporated in two distinct approaches, namely Agent Based Modeling and System Dynamics. The models of hybrid simulation are useful as an illustration of interactions between each sub-system taking into account influential input variables.
Designing eucalyptus replanting model using hybrid simulation method : a review
Authors: Sembiring N , Mansurin M I , Banurea M D A , Tarigan C A , Waruwu T 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to find out the concept of designing the eucalyptus plant replanting model using a hybrid simulation method. Logically, single simulation is much easier to apply than hybrid simulation because its procedure is simpler and easier to do. However, it is possible for hybrid simulation to be the best solution in solving problems. Based on previous studies, hybrid simulation which combines agent based model and dynamics system is the right solution in answering this research study object. The eucalyptus plant replanting model is computerized and uses a causal loop diagram. Furthermore, this model will be simulated in two ways, namely (1) a state chart area and (2) stock and flow. This systematic review identified twelve articles and one book related to the topic discussed. In addition, with this hybrid simulation system, it is hoped that the availability of eucalyptus plant as an essential raw material in the pulp and paper mill can be maintained, and it can increase the company's profitability. Here we provide details of Hybrid Simulation using the Agent-Based Modeling and System Dynamics Modeling that underlines our research study.
Development of cricket flour-enriched cookies
Authors: Tedjakusuma F , Linggadiputra J , Cahya A D , Surya R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The need for high-protein foods strives for the food sector to find an efficiently produced protein sources. One of the most efficient and fast reproducing protein sources are insects containing high levels of protein, nutrients and vitamins. Crickets are one of the most consumed insects, especially in Southeast Asia. Despite the potential of crickets as sources of protein, cricket flour is very little used and studied in Indonesia. This study aimed to develop the best formulation for cricket flour-enriched cookies with a high nutrient and consumer acceptability. As the main ingredient of cookies, wheat was substituted by 5%, 10% and 20% of cricket flour. Among the tested formula, cookies with the 5% and 10% cricket flour showed the highest overall organoleptic acceptability. These cookies are significantly higher in protein and lower in fiber and carbohydrate compared to cookies made with wheat flour.
The effect of porang proportion on the characteristics of vegetarian tempeh patties burger
Authors: Herawati H , Kamsiati E , Widowati S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The development of veggie burger patties products is increasing along with changes in people's lifestyles that are more concerned with a healthy product. Tempeh is a source of vegetable protein that has various health benefits. Glucomannan from porang tubers acts as a texture-forming material in food products. This study aimed to determine the effect of the proportion of porang on the characteristics of the veggie burger made from tempeh. This study was arranged in a completely randomized design with treatment proportions of porang:tempeh (75:25); (50:50); (25:75) compared to control (100% tempeh). Parameters observed included colour, cooking loss, cooking yield, hardness and proximate content. The results showed that the treatment had a significant effect on the colour of the burger before and after frying, cooking loss, cooking yield, and moisture content. The use of porang had increased the water content of patties burger. The proportion of porang:tempeh (25:75) produced a patties burger with the lowest cooking loss and the highest cooking yield. The proximate content of burger patties in the proportion of porang:tempeh (25:75) had a value that was not significantly different from the control (100% tempeh).
The effects of various isoelectric points in tofu processing on physicochemical properties and antioxidant capacities
Authors: Lo D , Steviany  , Harris G T , Febrianta H , Hutabarat D J C , Wijaya C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Tofu is a derivative product of soybean that is widely consumed by the society for its high nutritional content and good benefits for health. Research on the physicochemical especially antioxidant content of tofu was still rarely evaluated. The aim of this research is to increase the antioxidant effect of tofu by using Lactobacillus casei FNCC-0090 and Lactobacillus plantarum spp. as coagulants. Tofu was coagulated using Lactobacillus casei FNCC-0900 and Lactobacillus plantarum spp. to reach the isoelectric points of tofu with pH 4.8, 5 and 5.2. The physicochemical of tofu were analysed which consist of total protein content, crude fat content, carbohydrate content, moisture content, ash content, antioxidant capacities, colour, yield and texture of tofu. The results showed that there is a significant difference in moisture content, colour, protein, yield, texture and antioxidant capacities of tofu. While fat, ash, carbohydrate content of tofu did not show a significant difference between sample but showed a significant difference with control. In antioxidant capacity, the antioxidant increased by 11.21% in the radical scavenging capacity, 5.1% in the reduction capacity and 4.9% in the chelating capacity of tofu.
Effect of ingredient composition on characteristics of artificial rice made from banana flour
Authors: Kamsiati E , Herawati H , Setyadjit  , Sunarmani  , Mulyawanti I. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Artificial rice is a grain that similar with rice made from flour with the main content of carbohydrates. In the production of artificial rice, the composition of the ingredients will determine the characteristics of the product. This study aimed to determine the effect of raw material composition on the characteristics of artificial rice made from banana flour. This study was arranged in a completely randomized design with treatments including the use of 100% banana flour; 100% banana flour + emulsifier and 90% banana flour + 10% + emulsifier. Parameters observed were colour, expansion ratio, and sensory characteristics. Then, the best product was analysed its nutritional content. The results showed that the formulation had an effect on the Lightness, redness and Chromaticity index of banana grain. The use of emulsifier produced artificial rice which has a higher bulk density. Artificial rice from a formula of 90% banana flour combined with 10% tapioca and emulsifier had the highest average panelist preference. The artificial rice has the characteristics of lightness 36.89, redness 0.03, yellowness 6.03, Chroma 6.06 and Hue 94.71, bulk density 0.61g/mL. The product had 7.65% moisture content, 0.84% fat; 3.07% protein; 86.67% carbohydrates; and 1.77% ash content.
How agroecology practices in lobu rappa village can improve peasant community welfare
Authors: Nasution F A , Anshari A , Thamrin H , Thamrin M H , Indainanto Y I , Aqmarina Y 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
There are various strategies to improve the welfare of farming communities. Building an agroecological region is one of them. Agroecology encompasses more than just managing agricultural land; it also includes many other elements and facets that make up the agricultural ecosystem. In Lobu Rappa Village, Aek Songsongan District, Asahan Regency, one of the agroecological regions is situated. The practice of agroecology was initiated by the Sinar Tani Indonesia Foundation. The descriptive qualitative approach is used in this research design. The research method used by the author is direct observation and interviews with agroecological practitioners in Lobu Rappa Village. The three operational activity pillars of organizing, interpreting, and implementing are used to carry out the program. The results showed that the agroecology practice had improved the welfare of the peasants.
Substitution of wheat flour with almond drink dregs-based flour and its effect on cracker quality
Authors: Santoso J A , Pamungkaningtyas F H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cracker is one of the popular snacks in Indonesia. Not only are they easy to carry and ready to eat, but they are also inexpensive, have a long shelf life, and are consumed by all age groups. Typical snacks on the market are poor in nutritional value as they are majorly high in carbohydrates and fat, for example, fish crackers, bread, and sweet confectionaries. On the other hand, Indonesians' mean fibre intake is inadequate compared to the fibre Daily Allowance Intake in Indonesia. The increasing trend of vegetable-based drinks such as almond milk resulted in the rise of almond drink dregs – a by-product of almond milk resulting from the filtration step of almond milk processing. Incorporating almond drink dregs-based flour improved the nutritional profile of crackers, particularly the protein and fibre content, and did not affect the moisture content. The wheat and almond drink dregs-based flour ratio of 1:4 resulted in the highest protein and fibre content and the least force to deform the cracker. There was no significant impact of flour substitution on the organoleptic properties of crackers.
The influence of pore characteristics on rock fragmentation mechanism by high-voltage electric pulse
Authors: LIU Weiji , ZHANG Youjian , ZHU Xiaohua , LUO Yunxu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
High-voltage electric pulse (HVEP) is an innovative low-energy and high-efficiency technique. However, the underlying physics of the electrical breakdown within the rock, and the coupling mechanism between the various physical fields involved in HVEP still need to be further understood. In this study, we establish a 2D numerical model of multi-physical field coupling of the electrical breakdown of porous rock with randomly distributed pores to investigate the effect of pore characteristics (porosity, pore media composition) on the partial electrical breakdown of rock (i.e. the generation of a plasma channel inside the rock). Our findings indicate that the generation of a plasma channel is directionally selective and extends in the direction of a weak electrical breakdown intensity. As the porosity of the rock increases, so does the intensity of the electric field in the ‘electrical damage’ region—the greater the porosity, the greater the effectiveness of rock-breaking. As the fraction of pore fluid (S
water/S
air) gradually declines, the generation time of the plasma channel decreases, and the efficacy of rock-breaking by HVEP increases. In addition, in this study, we conducted an indoor experiment utilizing an electric pulse drill to break down the rock in order to recreate the growth mode of the plasma channel in the rock. Moreover, the experimental results are consistent with the simulation results. In addition, the development of this type of partial electrical breakdown is confirmed to be related to electrode polarity and pore characteristics via the experiment of the symmetrical needle-needle electrode arrangement, which further demonstrates the mechanism of partial electrical breakdown. This research is significant for comprehending the process of electric impulse rock-breaking and gives theoretical guidance and technological support for advancing electric impulse drilling technology.
Warming diminishes the stability of primary productivity in global grass- and forb-dominated ecosystems
Authors: Gao Qingzhu , Ganjurjav Hasbagan , Hu Guozheng , Xu Hongmei , Schwartz Mark W , Gornish Elise S , Zhu Wenquan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Global warming has induced increases in productivity in open, grass- and forb-dominated (OGFD) ecosystems. However, little attention has been given to the temporal stability of productivity responses to global warming. We show that the stability of productivity in OGFD ecosystems decreased significantly over the past 40 years. Using the satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data from the Global Inventory Modelling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) group, we analyzed global patterns of the stability in productivity among OGFD ecosystems. We found that the global mean stability of NDVI-based productivity estimates significantly decreased from 1982 to 2015. Comparing different trends, we found that stability decreased by 36%, and increased by 27% of the total area of OGFD ecosystems. The stability of productivity in OGFD ecosystems decreased in the northern hemisphere, especially in the Mongolian plateau and Eurasian steppe. In contrast, stability increased significantly in the southern hemisphere. Increases in both mean annual temperature and annual temperature variability were correlated with decreases in the stability of productivity in the northern hemisphere. Although the productivity of OGFD ecosystems has generally increased with warming, the stability of production has decreased. OGFD ecosystems, particularly northern hemisphere systems with low baseline productivity may be vulnerable to the loss of grazing potential and grazing consistency in the warmer future. These observations highlight the need for adaptation strategies for animal husbandry to respond to variability in productivity and reduce the negative impact of climate change on grazed ecosystems.