bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pacific Parental Engagement and Intergenerational Storytelling in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Cunningham Emma , Jesson Rebecca , Wendt Samu Tanya 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this article, we focus on how Pacific family support places success of individuals within a wider narrative of intergenerational family stories, contributing to successful futures for the participating Pacific youth and their families. Guided by Pacific research principles, we used interviews with families and adolescents to explore the role of family narratives, in ten Pacific families in Aotearoa New Zealand, which supported academic success for their children. Our data sources included conversations with youth, their families, and visual representations created by the youth to illustrate their perceptions of parental support. The findings highlighted the role of families’ stories in supporting their children’s education. Strong intergenerational expectations were expressed from the dual perspectives of parents and their children. The formative role of family stories within the youths’ experiences of success provides opportunity to acknowledge the relational foundations of intergenerational stories.
Introduction of Plasmid to the Murine Gut via Consumption of an Escherichia coli Carrier and Examining the Impact of Bacterial Dosing and Antibiotics on Persistence
Authors: Kydd LeNaiya , Alalhareth Fawaz , Mendez Ana , Hohn Maryann , Radunskaya Ami , Kojouharov Hristo , Jaworski Justyn 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Purpose
We examine the impacts of dosing strategies of plasmids on bacterial communities in the murine gut by measuring the quantity of plasmids in mouse feces.

Methods
We fed mice carrier bacteria, E. coli, that contain plasmids with both a reporter gene and an antibiotic resistant gene. We varied the quantity of the plasmid-carrying bacteria and the length of time the mice consumed the bacteria. We also pretreated the gut with broad-spectrum antibiotics and used continuous antibiotic treatment to investigate selection pressure. We collected bacteria from fecal pellets to quantify the number of plasmid-carrying bacteria via plate assay.

Results
Dosing regimens with plasmid-carrying bacteria resulted in a significantly increased duration of persistence of the plasmid within the gut when supplemented continuously with kanamycin during as well as after completion of bacterial dosing. The carrier bacteria concentration influenced the short-term abundance of carrier bacteria.

Conclusion
We evaluated the persistence of plasmid-carrying bacteria in the murine gut over time using varying dosage strategies. In future work, we will study how bacterial diversity in the gut impacts the degree of plasmid transfer and the prevalence of plasmid-carrying bacteria over time.

Lay Summary
Observing how plasmids persist within the gut can help us understand how newly introduced genes, including antibiotic resistance, are transmitted within the gut microbiome. In our experiments, mice were given bacteria containing a genetically engineered plasmid and were examined for the persistence of the plasmid in the gut. We found long-term persistence of the plasmid in the gut when administering antibiotics during and following dosing of the mice with bacteria carrying the plasmid. The use of higher concentrations of carrier bacteria influenced the short-term abundance of the plasmid-carrying bacteria in the gut.

Description of Future Works

Building on evidence from these initial studies that persistence of plasmids within the gut can be regulated by the dosage strategy, we will explore future studies and models of gene uptake in the context of spatial and taxonomic control and further determine if dosing strategies alter the compositional diversity of the gut microbiome.

Graphical abstract
Blue light photobiomodulation of dental pulp cells
Authors: Mohamad Sherif A. , Milward Michael R. , Hadis Mohammed A. , Kuehne Sarah A. , Cooper Paul R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Blue light has been reported to enhance the differentiation and mineralisation potential of mesenchymal stem cells. No studies have investigated the photobiomodulation effects of blue light on the odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cell-containing populations. This study aimed to determine the effect of 405-nm wavelength on the mineralisation response in these cells.

Methods
Human dental pulp cells were irradiated using a calibrated 405 nm light source at an irradiance of 57.7 mW/cm2 for 35, 69, 90 and 104 s; delivering energy densities of 2, 4, 5 and 6 J/cm2. Cell proliferation was investigated on days 2 and 4. Alkaline phosphatase activity and dentine matrix protein-1 levels were investigated on days 3 and 5. Mineralised nodule formation was investigated on days 7, 4 and 21.

Results
The 405-nm blue light had significant inhibitory effects on dental pulp cell proliferation. Simultaneously, blue light irradiation enhanced the mineralisation response, as determined by the upregulation of odontogenic markers. Irradiated cultures also demonstrated a significant increase in mineralised nodule formation compared with the non-irradiated controls at all time points.

Conclusion
Data indicate that phototherapy utilising a 405-nm wavelength may have therapeutic potential in stimulating odontogenic responses of pulp cells.
A simple numerical approach for the pushover analysis of slender cantilever bridge piers taking into account geometric nonlinearity
Authors: Di Re Paolo , Bernardini Davide , Ruta Daniela , Paolone Achille 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe response of slender bridge piers to horizontal actions may be significantly influenced by geometric nonlinearities. In such conditions, the use of sophisticated models implemented in complex structural analysis software can be economically disadvantageous, especially in the preliminary design phases. This paper proposes a simple numerical procedure to compute the nonlinear pushover response of cantilever bridge piers subject to horizontal loads. The procedure is based on an iterative approach to enforce the element equilibrium under large displacements, efficiently accounting for P-Delta effects induced by vertical loads. Evaluation of the bending moment–curvature response of the pier base cross section is required and used as basic input data. For fast preliminary analyses, sectional response can be manually computed in simplified linearized form, thus completely eliminating the need to use structural analysis software. Indeed, the entire procedure can be implemented in standard programming codes, such as PythonTMor Matlab®, and used to evaluate the pushover response of piers with arbitrary cross section. Comparison with experimental test results and solutions based on Finite Element models shows that proposed procedure can be used to get a fast, yet accurate, estimate of the entire force–displacement curve and, in particular, of the pier ultimate displacement.
LIBS and pXRF validation for the removal of Pb by bio-CaCO3 nanoparticles from contaminated water
Authors: Rezk R. A. , Abdel-Salam Z. , Abdel Ghany N. A. , Abdelkreem M. , Abdel-Harith M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this work, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was applied to qualitatively evaluate lead adsorbed from industrial wastewater by nano-CaCO3. Eggshell as a natural source of CaCO3 has been used as a sorbent owing to its low cost and unrivalled adsorption capacity to remove Pb from contaminated water. The structure and morphology of CaCO3 nano-powders were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR). LIBS results were experimentally validated by the results obtained using portable X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDS), which confirmed the feasibility of using LIBS to detect traces of Pb ions, while the adsorption process is applied under governing parameters. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to model the experimental data. The kinetics of adsorption mechanisms were studied using Lagergren's pseudo-first-order and McKay and Ho's pseudo-second-order. The obtained results demonstrated that bio-CaCO3 nanoparticles could be used as an effective lead-sorbent from wastewater. Accordingly, it is possible to utilize this adsorption technique as a promising practical approach for the treatment of lead-contaminated industrial wastewater and its recirculation.

Graphical abstract

Highlights

Natural nano CaCO3 from eggshell was prepared mechanically as a low-cost adsorbent and characterized by SEM, TEM, and FTIR.

The capacity of removing Pb (II) by nano-CaCO3 was dependent on pH, metal concentration and contact time .

LIBS was used for qualitative analysis of adsorbed Pb (II) and the results were validated with those obtained by EDX and pXRF spectrometry; in addition, isotherm models and kinetics of adsorption mechanisms were investigated.
Tectonophysics Perspectives on Integrated, Coordinated, Open, Networked (ICON) Science
Authors: Abbey Alyssa L. , Choi Eunseo , Neumann Florian , Ortiz‐Guerrero Carolina , Tondi Rosaria 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article is composed of two independent opinion pieces about the state of integrated, coordinated, open, and networked (ICON) principles (Goldman et al., 2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EO153180; Goldman et al., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021ea002099) in Tectonophysics and discussion on the opportunities and challenges of adopting them. Each opinion piece focuses on a different topic: (a) global collaboration, technology transfer and application, reproducibility, and data sharing and infrastructure; and (b) field, experimental, remote sensing, and real‐time data research and application. Within tectonophysics science, ICON‐FAIR principles are starting to be adopted and implemented, however they have not become frequent and there are still plenty of opportunities for further development. During the last decade, standardization reduced fragmentation, facilitated openly available databases, and enabled different modeling methods to be combined. On the other hand, integration and coordination remained insufficient as exemplified by numerous geophysical interpretation programs running on different platforms, lacking the proper documentation and with diverse output formats. We agree that adapting the principles of ICON‐FAIR brings high efforts and risks, but in the end, it has great benefits and potential in the tectonophysics community.
Radiation Pattern Nulling in Phased Array Antennas Using Superior Discrete Fourier Transform and Dolph‐Tschebyscheff Based Synthesis Techniques
Authors: Panigrahi Siddhartha , Chou Hsi‐Tseng , Chang Chen‐Yi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study proposes an improved method for sector nulling in the radiation pattern of rectangular phased array antennas using two different synthesis techniques; an orthogonal Discrete Fourier transform and a quasi‐orthogonal Dolph‐Tschebyscheff based technique. In traditional synthesis techniques, broad elemental beams serve as local field basis functions (FBFs) in an array. Instead, the proposed methods produce low sidelobe narrow beams as FBFs. A set of these FBFs can effectively constitute the array's radiation pattern in a confined angular region. By properly weighting these FBFs, sector pattern nulls in a designated angular range are synthesized without severely distorting the patterns outside this area. The FBFs' optimal weights can be efficiently calculated using a nonlinear minimum least squares error technique, which is later transformed into the array's elemental excitation coefficients. Along with faster convergence, this technique allows control over peak sidelobe level, null depth, and width, making it suitable for GPS anti‐jamming, 5G communications, and other applications requiring interference suppression.
Divergent Drivers of Various Topsoil Phosphorus Fractions Across Tibetan Alpine Grasslands
Authors: Li Ziliang , Zhang Dianye , Peng Yunfeng , Qin Shuqi , Wang Lu , Hou Enqing , Yang Yuanhe 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe storage and dynamics of various soil phosphorus (P) fractions could determine soil P availability, and thus regulate terrestrial carbon cycle and its feedback to climate warming. However, little evidence is available about patterns and drivers of soil P fractions in alpine ecosystems which could play a crucial role in terrestrial carbon cycle. Here we evaluated various topsoil P fractions and their determinants in Tibetan alpine grasslands using systematic measurements along a 3,000 km transect. Our results showed that topsoil P concentrations in Tibetan alpine grasslands were higher or equivalent than those in temperate and tropical‐subtropical ecosystems. Our results also revealed distinct drivers among various soil P fractions: microbial properties and soil pH were dominant drivers of labile P and secondary mineral P fractions, respectively. Mineral properties were key determinants of occluded P and organic P fractions, whereas primary mineral P fraction was largely predicted by precipitation and mineral properties. The large‐scale evidence obtained in this study offers new insights for better predicting the trajectory of soil P availability and its interactions with ecosystem carbon cycle in alpine ecosystems under changing environment.
Impact of chosen cutoff on response rate differences between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and placebo
Authors: Lisinski Alexander , Hieronymus Fredrik , Nilsson Staffan , Eriksson Elias 
Published: April 2022

AbstractResponse defined as a 50% reduction in the sum score of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17-sum) is often used to assess the efficacy of antidepressants. Critics have, however, argued that dichotomising ratings with a cutoff close to the median may lead to scores clustering on either side, the result being inflation of miniscule drug-placebo differences. Using pooled patient-level data sets from trials of three selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (citalopram, paroxetine and sertraline) (n = 7909), and from similar trials of duloxetine (n = 3478), we thus assessed the impact of different cutoffs on response rates. Response criteria were based on (i) HDRS-17-sum, (ii) the sum score of the HDRS-6 subscale (HDRS-6-sum) and (iii) the depressed mood item. The separation between SSRI and placebo with respect to response rates increased when HDRS-17-sum was replaced by HDRS-6-sum or depressed mood as effect parameter and was markedly dependent on SSRI dose. With the exception of extreme cutoff values, differences in response rates were largely similar regardless of where the cutoff was placed, and also not markedly changed by the exclusion of subjects close to the selected cutoff (e.g., ±10%). The observation of similar response rate differences between active drugs and placebo for different cutoffs was corroborated by the analysis of duloxetine data. In conclusion, the suggestion that using a cutoff close to the median when defining response has markedly overestimated the separation between antidepressants and placebo may be discarded.
Identification of potential blood biomarkers associated with suicide in major depressive disorder
Authors: Mamdani Firoza , Weber Matthieu D. , Bunney Blynn , Burke Kathleen , Cartagena Preston , Walsh David , Lee Francis S. , Barchas Jack , Schatzberg Alan F. , Myers Richard M. , Watson Stanley J. , Akil Huda , Vawter Marquis P. , Bunney William E. , Sequeira Adolfo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSuicides have increased to over 48,000 deaths yearly in the United States. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most common diagnosis among suicides, and identifying those at the highest risk for suicide is a pressing challenge. The objective of this study is to identify changes in gene expression associated with suicide in brain and blood for the development of biomarkers for suicide. Blood and brain were available for 45 subjects (53 blood samples and 69 dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) samples in total). Samples were collected from MDD patients who died by suicide (MDD-S), MDDs who died by other means (MDD-NS) and non-psychiatric controls. We analyzed gene expression using RNA and the NanoString platform. In blood, we identified 14 genes which significantly differentiated MDD-S versus MDD-NS. The top six genes differentially expressed in blood were: PER3, MTPAP, SLC25A26, CD19, SOX9, and GAR1. Additionally, four genes showed significant changes in brain and blood between MDD-S and MDD-NS; SOX9 was decreased and PER3 was increased in MDD-S in both tissues, while CD19 and TERF1 were increased in blood but decreased in DLPFC. To our knowledge, this is the first study to analyze matched blood and brain samples in a well-defined population of MDDs demonstrating significant differences in gene expression associated with completed suicide. Our results strongly suggest that blood gene expression is highly informative to understand molecular changes in suicide. Developing a suicide biomarker signature in blood could help health care professionals to identify subjects at high risk for suicide.
Functional characterization of variants of unknown significance in a spinocerebellar ataxia patient using an unsupervised machine learning pipeline
Authors: Nath Siddharth , Caron Nicholas S. , May Linda , Gluscencova Oxana B. , Kolesar Jill , Brady Lauren , Kaufman Brett A. , Boulianne Gabrielle L. , Rodriguez Amadeo R. , Tarnopolsky Mark A. , Truant Ray 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCAG-expanded ATXN7 has been previously defined in the pathogenesis of spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7), a polyglutamine expansion autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia. Pathology in SCA7 occurs as a result of a CAG triplet repeat expansion in excess of 37 in the first exon of ATXN7, which encodes ataxin-7. SCA7 presents clinically with spinocerebellar ataxia and cone-rod dystrophy. Here, we present a novel spinocerebellar ataxia variant occurring in a patient with mutations in both ATXN7 and TOP1MT, which encodes mitochondrial topoisomerase I (top1mt). Using machine-guided, unbiased microscopy image analysis, we demonstrate alterations in ataxin-7 subcellular localization, and through high-fidelity measurements of cellular respiration, bioenergetic defects in association with top1mt mutations. We identify ataxin-7 Q35P and top1mt R111W as deleterious mutations, potentially contributing to disease states. We recapitulate our mutations through Drosophila genetic models. Our work provides important insight into the cellular biology of ataxin-7 and top1mt and offers insight into the pathogenesis of spinocerebellar ataxia applicable to multiple subtypes of the illness. Moreover, our study demonstrates an effective pipeline for the characterization of previously unreported genetic variants at the level of cell biology.
Planning sustainable electricity solutions for refugee settlements in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Baldi Duccio , Moner-Girona Magda , Fumagalli Elena , Fahl Fernando 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn inadequate understanding of the energy needs of forcibly displaced populations is one of the main obstacles in providing sustainable and reliable energy to refugees and their host communities. Here, we provide a first-order assessment of the main factors determining the decision to deploy fully renewable mini-grids in almost 300 refugee settlements in sub-Saharan Africa. Using an energy assessment survey and publicly available traditional and earth observation data, we estimate a total electricity demand of 154 GWh yr–1. This figure includes lighting, air circulation and phone charging for 1.15 million households and the estimated demand of almost 59,000 microbusinesses and around 7,000 institutional loads. Using a set of techno-economic modelling tools, we thus compute a corresponding upper-bound total up-front cost of providing electricity access of just over US$1 billion. Deploying solar photovoltaic mini-grids instead of diesel implies avoiding greenhouse gas emissions for 2.86 MtCO2e over 20 years.
Development and application of high resolution SPEI drought dataset for Central Asia
Authors: Pyarali Karim , Peng Jian , Disse Markus , Tuo Ye 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCentral Asia is a data scarce region, which makes it difficult to monitor and minimize the impacts of a drought. To address this challenge, in this study, a high-resolution (5 km) Standardized Precipitation Evaporation Index (SPEI-HR) drought dataset was developed for Central Asia with different time scales from 1981–2018, using Climate Hazards group InfraRed Precipitation with Station’s (CHIRPS) precipitation and Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model’s (GLEAM) potential evaporation (Ep) datasets. As indicated by the results, in general, over time and space, the SPEI-HR correlated well with SPEI values estimated from coarse-resolution Climate Research Unit (CRU) gridded time series dataset. The 6-month timescale SPEI-HR dataset displayed a good correlation of 0.66 with GLEAM root zone soil moisture (RSM) and a positive correlation of 0.26 with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from Global Inventory Monitoring and Modelling System (GIMMS). After observing a clear agreement between SPEI-HR and drought indicators for the 2001 and 2008 drought events, an emerging hotspot analysis was conducted to identify drought prone districts and sub-basins.
Relationship between tectonic tremors and 3-D distributions of thermal structure and dehydration in the Alaska subduction zone
Authors: Iwamoto Kaya , Suenaga Nobuaki , Yoshioka Shoichi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Alaska subduction zone is characterized by a subducting oceanic plateau, which is referred to as the Yakutat terrane. Tectonic tremors occur in this zone, and there are few volcanoes above the subducted Yakutat terrane. In this study, we performed a 3-D numerical simulation of a thermal structure associated with the simultaneous subduction of the Yakutat terrane and Pacific plate to elucidate the mechanism of tectonic tremors, which typically involve the presence of water. We calculated the water content distribution near the slab surface by using the thermal structure obtained from our simulation and phase diagrams of the hydrous minerals included in the slab. As a result, dehydration from the marine sedimentary layer and oceanic crust was observed near the area where tectonic tremors occurred. Tectonic tremors occur only in the Yakutat terrane because the marine sedimentary layer and oceanic crust are thicker there, and the total amount of water content in these layers is higher; therefore, the amount of dehydration is also higher there than in the Pacific plate. Additionally, there are few volcanoes above the subducted Yakutat terrane because little water remains within the slab beneath the volcanic chain where magma is produced.
A Mississippian (early Carboniferous) tetrapod showing early diversification of the hindlimbs
Authors: Clack Jennifer A. , Smithson Timothy R. , Ruta Marcello 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe taxonomically diverse terrestrial tetrapod fauna from the late Mississippian East Kirkton Limestone includes the earliest known members of stem Amphibia and stem Amniota. Here we name and describe a new East Kirkton tetrapod with an unusual hindlimb morphology reminiscent of that of several stem- and primitive crown amniotes. It displays a unique ilium with two slender and elongate processes and a 5-digit pes with a long, stout metatarsal IV and a greatly elongate digit IV. The new taxon broadens our knowledge of East Kirkton tetrapods, adding to the remarkable diversity of their hindlimb constructions, functional specializations, locomotory modes, and adaptations to a wide variety of substrates. An unweighted character parsimony analysis places the new taxon in a polytomy alongside some other Carboniferous groups. Conversely, weighted parsimony and Bayesian analyses retrieve it among the earliest diverging stem amniotes, either as the basalmost anthracosaur or within a clade that includes alsoEldeceeonandSilvanerpeton, crownward of an array of chroniosaurs plus anthracosaurs.