bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Quality of ‘Red Delicious’ Apples As Affected By Overtree Sprinkler Irrigation1
Authors: Unrath C. R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Irrigation and evaporative cooling of ‘Red Delicious’ apple trees over 2 growing seasons resulted in a reduction in environmental stress as evidenced by plant and air temp reductions (8). The trees were spot-picked weekly, based on acceptable color to meet grade standards. Harvesting was completed one week earlier on trees receiving overtree sprinkler irrigation as compared to those with undertree or no irrigation. Fruit from trees which received overtree irrigation had greater surface coloration and nearly twice as much surface area with good solid red color as fruit which received undertree or no irrigation. Overtree irrigation improved fruit size and shape during 1969 but not 1970; increased soluble solids, and reduced cork spot and bitter pit in 1970. Lower firmness of overtree irrigated apples in 1969 was attributed to their greater size. Irrigation (over and undertree) had no influence upon internal breakdown measured after 4 months of storage at 32°F.
Incidence of Cork Spot as Related to Calcium in the Leaves and Fruit of ‘York Imperial’ Apples
Authors: Shear C. B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In a controlled nutritional experiment, the percentage of fruit showing cork spot was significantly negatively correlated with the concn of Ca in leaves and in the flesh of the fruit. With NO-3 N, fruit Ca increased more rapidly in proportion to leaf Ca than with 3/4 of the N supplied as NH4. To assure commercial control of cork spot, flesh Ca must be above 200 ppm dry wt. To consistently attain this level in the fruit, leaf Ca in late August must be above 1.90 percent dry wt. The wide range in incidence of cork spot at a given level of fruit Ca indicates that high Ca in the fruit may decrease or prevent this disorder but the causal factor is not the lack of Ca.
Synergism and Antagonism of GA and Growth Inhibitors on Growth and Sex Expression in Cucumber1
Authors: Rodriquez B. P. , Lambeth V. N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The effects of gibberellic acid (GA3), 1,2-dihydropyradizine 3,6-dione (maleic hydrazide), succinic acid-2,2-dim ethylhydrazide (SADH), (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) and their combinations on the growth and sex expression of the monoecious cucumber ‘SMR-58’ were studied. Maleic hydrazide (MH), SADH, and ethephon inhibited growth and induced femaleness when applied to foliage at concn of 500 ppm, 2000 ppm, and 100 ppm, respectively. Foliar sprays of 1500 ppm GA3 stimulated growth and increased maleness. The effect of GA was generally enhanced in combination with either MH, SADH, or ethephon. Combination of SADH and ethephon resulted in plants that were as short as those treated with SADH alone and as female as those treated w ith ethephon alone. Ethephon-SADH combination reduced plant size to the same extent as SADH alone and coned maturity.
Nitrate Accumulation in Spinach Grown Under Different Light Intensities1,2
Authors: Cantliffe Daniel J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
‘Winter Bloomsdale’ spinach plants were grown in a growth chamber with a light intensity of 2400 ft-c until 2 weeks before harvest when light intensity treatments of 600, 1600, 2400, and 3500 ft-c were imposed. The total N and NO3 concn of the leaves were increased by the addition of N to the soil and by reduction of light intensity. At 600 ft-c the plants accumulated NO3-N and total N at all soil N levels, but response to soil increments of N was greater at higher light intensities. The concn of K in the tissue increased with a reduction in the light intensity from 2400 to 600 ft-c or application of N fertilizer to 200 mg/kg of soil. Less P was found in spinach leaves as N fertilizer was added to 100 mg/kg of soil. The P content was variable with light intensity.
Palatability and Nutritive Value of Fresh, Canned, and Frozen Collard Greens1
Authors: Smith Jean W. , Kramer Amihud 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Nutritive value present in raw greens may be drastically reduced by methods of preparation, or fresh greens may not be utilized because of the time and labor required in their preparation by working mothers. Collard greens as prepared in the ghetto home require many hr of cooking which destroys all but 8 mg/100g of ascorbic acid. Seasoned, canned, collard greens are equally acceptable but retain only slightly more of the ascorbic acid. Pre-cooked, pre-seasoned, and frozen greens retain approximately 20 mg/100g of ascorbic acid. If produced on a commercial scale, the prepared frozen product could be purchased at a cost lower than raw collard greens at the retail urban market.
Growth and Flowering Responses of Lilium longiflorum Thunb. ‘Ace’ to Different Day lengths1
Authors: Weiler T. C. , Langhans R. W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
As the length of day was increased, the amount of cold required for flowering of ‘Ace’ plants decreased. However, even with 24 hr of light, some cold treatment was needed for flowering.
Vermiculite and Activated Carbon Adsorbents Protect Direct-Seeded Tomatoes from Partially Selective Herbicides1
Authors: William R. D. , Romanowski R. R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Nitralin [4-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropylanaline] severely injured direct seeded tomatoes that were covered with soil or expanded vermiculite in the greenhouse and field. Powdered activated carbon increased the adsorptive capacity of a vermiculite anticrustant mixture and protected tomato and weed seedlings. A dequate seedling protection was obtained by spraying a 2-inch wide band of activated carbon over seedling furrows filled with vermiculite. Mechanical application of an activated carbon vermiculite mixture in 1-inch circular clumps protected tomato seedlings and protected fewer weeds than the 2-inch spray band. Granular carbons reduced soil crusting and protected seedlings from preemergence herbicides.
Effects of Defoliation and Bud-Scale Removal on Bud Activity in Tung1
Authors: Spiers J. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The effects of late-season defoliation and bud-scale removal on bud activity in tung (Aleurites fordii Hemsl.) were tested through field treatment applications and laboratory forcing conditions. Data indicate natural bud dormancy is influenced by an inhibitor(s) located in the bud scales. Scale removal greatly reduced vegetative and floral dormancy in the early collection periods. This effect decreased with time, completely disappearing 2 months after treatment application. Late-season defoliation had little effect on bud break except to delay flowering on terminals harvested in January and February.
Estimates of Quantitative Genetic Properties of Walnut and Their Implications for Cultivar Improvement1
Authors: Hansche P. E. , Beres V. , Forde H. I. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Heritabilities and phenotypic correlations among 18 traits of walnut (Juglans regia L.) were estimated from measurements obtained over 14 years from approx 200 families including a total of more than 2,000 offspring. Prior to this analysis the data were statistically adjusted to mitigate the seriously confounding effects of fluctuating annual climate on estimates of genotypic value. The heritabilities were then estimated by regressing the average performance of each seedling, during its 1st 2 years of production, on its mid-parent performance. Heritabilities are above 80 for leafing date, 1st shedding of pollen, receptive date of pistils, harvest date, shell thickness, all nut and kernel measurements and wt. They are above .39 for last shedding of pollen, fruitfulness of laterals, shell seal, number of light colored kernels, kernel veins, and kernel spots, and approx zero for crop and number of good kernels. The precision of these estimates is very high. Thus they should be reliable predictors of rate of genetic gain attainable in such populations when seedlings are selected as parents on the basis of their own performance. The implication of these genetic relationships on the effectiveness and efficiency of breeding methods and selection procedures in walnut are discussed.
Effects of (2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic Acid on Rhizome and Tuber Formation in the Potato, Solanum tuberosum L.1
Authors: Langille Alan R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Although ethephon did not influence number of primary rhizomes on potato cv. Katahdin in growth chambers, the 500 and 1000 ppm treatments significantly increased the number of secondary rhizomes. Length of primary rhizomes was increased by the 50 ppm treatment. Number of primary tubers per plant decreased with increasing ethephon concn. Total tuber wt per plant was significantly reduced by all ethephon treatments, except 10 ppm which did not differ from controls.
Factors Controlling the Readiness to Flower of Buds Along the Main Axis of Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)1
Authors: Rylski Irena , Halevy A. H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
By various pinching, pruning and grafting experiments and by growing explant buds in nutrient culture, it was demonstrated that buds of varying nodes on the main stem of pepper plants differ in their readiness to flower. The upper ones, in proximity to the 1st branch-off, regardless of whether the 1st flower has actually appeared or is only about to do so, are close to flowering; whereas, the lower ones, situated farther from the first flower, are late to flower. The lowest buds are also the most juvenile and root easily. The state of juvenility decreases gradually towards the apex.
Respiration of Whole Fruit and Seed of Avocado at Various Stages of Development1
Authors: Zauberman G. , Schiffmann-Nadel Mina 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
‘Fuerte’ avocado fruits at all development stages show a similar climacteric pattern; however, with development, the postharvest pre-climacteric becomes progressively shorter. The respiration rate of seeds is higher in young than in mature fruits when determined separately from that of the whole fruit. It is concluded that the contribution of seed respiration to whole fruit respiration decreases with development over the growth season.
Influence of Gibberellins A3 and A4+7 on Development of Forced Lilium longiflorum Thunb. cv. Ace1
Authors: De Hertogh A. A. , Blakely N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Potted ‘Ace’ lily bulbs were treated with 1000 ppm of either gibberellin A3 (GA3) or gibberellins A4+7(GA4+7) as a soil drench using 200 ml per pot on January 6, 1971. GA treatments had no effect on the time of floral initiation, however, GA3 decreased the days to flowering when compared to either GA4+7 or water controls. GA4+7 and GA3 reduced the number of primary flowers initiated. and completely inhibited the initiation of secondary flowers. GA4+7 increased the number of primary flowers which aborted shortly after initiation and GA3 did not. Both GAs increased plant height; GA4+7 had the greater effect. GA4+7 significantly reduced the length of the lower leaves, but none of the treatments affected the number of leaves produced.
High Intensity Supplementary Lighting Increases Yields of Greenhouse Roses1
Authors: Carpenter W. J. , Anderson G. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Flower yields from October to May increased with the duration of supplementary lighting. Lighting improved flower yields by increasing bottom breaks, stimulating axillary shoot development after flower removal, and slightly reducing the days from cut-to-cut. Development of additional axillary buds was the principal factor in the improved branching of lighted plants. Excessive plant branching from supplementary lighting during a 7-month flowering period reduced significantly flower stem length, node number, and fresh wt of cvs. Shocking Pink and Red American Beauty. The 6.2 w/ft2 of incandescent light after the high intensity lighting period improved the flower quality of ‘Forever Yours’ but not of ‘Red American Beauty’. Plants lighted 9, 12, or 21 hr daily had fewer blind stems than unlighted plants.
Relationship between Carbohydrate Level and Floral Initiation in Broccoli1
Authors: Fontes M. R. , Ozbun J. L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Floral induction of broccoli (Brassica oleracea italica) ‘Waltham 29’ at low temp (5°C) was associated with increasing levels of starch and sugar in the shoot tip. This same relationship was found in experiments concerning plant age, duration of cold treatment, leaf removal before and during cold treatment, and treatment with succinic acid 2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) or gibberellic acid (GA3).
Greenhouse experiments with plants grown continuously at 16-21°C or 21-27°C indicated that high carbohydrate levels are not necessarily associated with flowering. Flowering was delayed at the higher temp with little difference in carbohydrate level.
The Effect of Growth Regulators on Chrysanthemum1
Authors: Carpenter W. J. , Carlson W. H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Spraying chrysanthemums at pinching with N6 benzyladenine (BA) 400 ppm and 6-benzylamino)-9-(2-tetrahydropyranyl)-9H-purine (PBA) 200 ppm significantly increased branching, while other chemicals and lower BA concn less consistently stimulated larger numbers of branches than untreated plants. The chemicals inhibited stem elongation, but only BA caused a significantly shorter stem. Ethephon delayed flowering 10 or more days for all cultivars, and BA (400 ppm) spray of stock plants prevented or delayed rooting of cuttings taken 0 to 4 weeks after treatment. Sprays of BA, PBA and ethephon applied at pinching improved branching more than treatment 2 weeks before or 2 weeks after pinching.
Phytotoxicity of Soil-Incorporated 2,6-Dichloro-Benzonitrile to Clonal Apple Rootstocks1
Authors: Lord W. J. , Damon R. A. , Robinson D. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Shoot growth and fresh wt of greenhouse-grown EM VII clonal apple rootstocks in 1970 were reduced by 1.5 ppm soil-incorporated dichlobenil. Concentrations of 6.0 ppm and higher prevented growth.
No leaf margin yellowing (LMY) was observed in 1970, but in 1971 it occurred following placement of 3 clonal rootstocks outdoors. EM VII produced the most shoot growth and EM IX the least. EM IX produced the least fresh wt increase, while those of EM VII and MM 106 were equivalent. EM VII had more LMY than the other 2 rootstocks.
The responses of the 3 rootstocks to several concn of dichlobenil were similar. Dichlobenil concn of 0.2 and 0.4 ppm increased fresh wt, largely due to stimulation of root growth. Concentrations of 0.8 ppm and more of dichlobenil suppressed growth.
Effects of Water Stress, Cane Size, and Growth Regulators on Floral Primordia Development in Red Raspberries1
Authors: Crandall P. C. , Chamberlain J. D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Factors that are usually associated with the slowing of primocane growth during late summer hastened the appearance of floral primordia in red raspberry axillary buds. Of the factors tested, water stress was most effective in advancing floral primordia appearance. Small diam canes had buds more advanced than thick canes. July applications of succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhy dr azide (SADH) at 2000 and 4000 ppm and (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) at 500 ppm increased the number of blossom primordia present during early October. Growth regulators had no significant effect on yields.
Indonesian EFL Undergraduate Students' Interest Towards Metacognitive Strategy in Reading Academic Comprehension
Authors: Sinom Patrick Adtya Pratama , Kuswandono Paulus 
Published: August 2022

<p><em>Academic reading comprehension is affected by many factors. This research was focused on understanding academic reading comprehension from the perspectives of interest and metacognitive strategy. This research aimed to find a correlation between students’ interests and metacognitive strategy (before and during reading academic comprehension). The research was conducted at Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta. There were 27 students who participated in this research. The survey design using a correlational study was applied to analyze the data from the survey-open and close-ended questionnaires. Pearson coefficient correlation was used in exposing the correctional status. The result of the current study showed that there is a positive moderate correlation between students’ interest and metacognitive strategy in reading academic comprehension. Supported by an open-ended data interpretation, this research found that both interest and metacognitive strategy are correlated especially in terms of self-motivation and self-regulation, mood, and strategy employment in reading academic comprehension. This research would have a great theoretical and practical contribution to the English language department, especially for teachers and students in terms of reading academic comprehension. </em></p>
Respiratory Syncytial Virus is the Most Common Causative Agent of Viral
Bronchiolitis in Young Children: An Updated Review
Authors: Hon Kam L. , Leung Alexander K. C. , Wong Alex H.C. , Dudi Amrita , Leung Karen K.Y. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Viral bronchiolitis is a common condition and a leading cause of hospitali-zation in young children.

Objective:
This article provides readers with an update on the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of viral bronchiolitis, primarily due to RSV.

Methods:
A PubMed search was conducted in December 2021 in Clinical Queries using the key terms "acute bronchiolitis" OR “respiratory syncytial virus infection”. The search included clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, case control studies, cohort studies, meta-analyses, observation-al studies, clinical guidelines, case reports, case series, and reviews. The search was restricted to children and English literature. The information retrieved from the above search was used in the compilation of this article.

Results:
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common viral bronchiolitis in young chil-dren. Other viruses such as human rhinovirus and coronavirus could be etiological agents. Diagno-sis is based on clinical manifestation. Viral testing is useful only for cohort and quarantine purposes. Cochrane evidence-based reviews have been performed on most treatment modalities for RSV and viral bronchiolitis. Treatment for viral bronchiolitis is mainly symptomatic support. Beta-agonists are frequently used despite the lack of evidence that they reduce hospital admissions or length of stay. Nebulized racemic epinephrine, hypertonic saline and corticosteroids are generally not effec-tive. Passive immunoprophylaxis with a monoclonal antibody against RSV, when given intramus-cularly and monthly during winter, is effective in preventing severe RSV bronchiolitis in high-risk children who are born prematurely and in children under 2 years with chronic lung disease or hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease. Vaccines for RSV bronchiolitis are being developed. Children with viral bronchiolitis in early life are at increased risk of developing asthma later in childhood.

Conclusions:
Viral bronchiolitis is common. No current pharmacologic treatment or novel therapy has been proven to improve outcomes compared to supportive treatment. Viral bronchiolitis in early life predisposes asthma development later in childhood.
Camphor and Menthol as Anticancer Agents: Synthesis, Structure-Activity Relationship
and Interaction with Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Kumar Rajnish , Singh Himanshu , Mazumder Avijit , Salahuddin  , Yadav Ranjeet Kumar , Chauhan Bharti , Abdulah Mohd. Mustaqeem 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Cancer is a type of human cell degenerative disease that has afflicted a large number of people for years.
Cancer is caused due to the abnormal proliferation of cells in any part of the body. Most of the prescribed anticancer
drugs are synthetic in nature and have been reported with enormous adverse effects. The researchers are very much
enthusiastic about the use of natural compounds and their derivatives, which have been reported with less toxicity.
Natural compounds have emerged as promising synergistic compounds with potential anticancer effects. In vitro anticancer
activity of natural compounds with special reference to camphor and menthol has been investigated against
different cancer cell lines. It has been found that camphor and menthol derivatives have potential cytotoxic activity.
The present literature review outlines the various methods for the synthesis of camphor and menthol derivatives, which
have potential cytotoxic activity. It highlights various cancer cell lines, which are the target of these camphor and menthol
derivatives as ligands, along with structure-activity studies.
Pain Reduction With an Immersive Digital Therapeutic Tool in Women Living With Endometriosis-Related Pelvic Pain: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Merlot Benjamin , Dispersyn Garance , Husson Zoé , Chanavaz-Lacheray Isabella , Dennis Thomas , Greco-Vuilloud Juliette , Fougère Maxime , Potvin Stéphane , Cotty-Eslous Maryne , Roman Horace , Marchand Serge 
Published: August 2022

Background
Chronic pelvic pain is a common and disabling condition in women living with endometriosis. Pharmacological and surgical treatments are not always effective at controlling pain and present important restrictions. Digital therapeutics (DTx) are emerging as major nonpharmacological alternatives that aim to extend the analgesic therapeutic arsenal of patients.

Objective
In this randomized controlled trial (RCT), we aimed to measure the immediate and 4-hour persisting effects of a single use 20-minute DTx (Endocare) on pain in women experiencing pelvic pain due to endometriosis.

Methods
A total of 45 women with endometriosis participated in a randomized controlled study comparing the analgesic effect of a single use of a virtual reality digital treatment named Endocare (n=23, 51%) to a 2D digital control (n=22, 49%). Perceived pain and pain relief were measured before the treatment and 15, 30, 45, 60, and 240 minutes after the end of the treatment.

Results
The clustered posttreatment pain was significantly reduced compared to the pretreatment for both Endocare and the control group (all P<.01). Endocare was significantly more effective than the control group (all P<.01). Endocare decreased the mean pain intensity from 6.0 (SD 1.31) before the treatment to 4.5 (SD 1.71) posttreatment, while the control only decreased it from 5.7 (SD 1.36) to 5.0 (SD 1.43). When comparing each posttreatment measures to the pretest, Endocare significantly reduced pain perception for all points in time up to 4 hours posttreatment. The differences did not reached significance for the control group. Moreover, Endocare was significantly superior to the control group 15, 30, and 45 minutes after the treatment (all P<.001). The mean perceived pain relief was significantly higher for Endocare at 28% (SD 2%) compared to the control, which was 15% (SD 1%) for all the posttreatment measurements (all P>.05).

Conclusions
Our study aimed to test the effects of a single use of a DTx treatment on reported pain at different time points in women diagnosed with endometriosis experiencing moderate-to-severe pelvic pain. Importantly, our results support that Endocare, a virtual reality immersive treatment, significantly reduce pain perception compared to a digital control in women living with endometriosis. Interestingly, we are the first to notice that the effect persisted up to 4 hours posttreatment.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04650516; https://tinyurl.com/2a2eu9wv