bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Debunking health myths on the internet: the persuasive effect of (visual) online communication
Authors: Kessler Sabrina Heike , Bachmann Eva 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimDeveloping evidence-based recommendations on how to debunk health-related misinformation and more specific health myths in (online) communication is important for individual health and the society. The present study investigated the effects of debunking/correction texts created according to the latest research findings with regard to four different health myths on recipients’ belief, behaviour and feelings regarding the myths. Further, the study investigated the effects of different visualisations (machine-technical created image, diagram, image of an expert, message without an image) in the debunking texts.Subject and methodsA representative sample of German Internet users (N = 700) participated in an anonymous online survey experiment with a 4 (myths) × 4 (picture) mixed study design.ResultsThe results show that receiving an online news article that refutes a widespread health myth with or without the use of an image can significantly change the attitudes of the recipients toward this myth. The most influential variable was the attributed credibility: the more credible a debunking text is for a recipient, the more corrective effectiveness it has. However, the corrective messages did not differ in their persuasive effects depending on the image types used.ConclusionThe results offer an optimistic outlook on the correction of health-related misinformation and especially health myths and insight into why and how people change their beliefs (or not) and how beliefs in health myths can be reduced. The findings can be used by journalists, scientists, doctors and many other actors for efficient (online) communication.
Improving the Hip Fracture Risk Prediction with a Statistical Shape-and-Intensity Model of the Proximal Femur
Authors: Aldieri Alessandra , Bhattacharya Pinaki , Paggiosi Margaret , Eastell Richard , Audenino Alberto Luigi , Bignardi Cristina , Morbiducci Umberto , Terzini Mara 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSevere predictions have been made regarding osteoporotic fracture incidence for the next years, with major economic and social impacts in a worldwide greying society. However, the performance of the currently adopted gold standard for fracture risk prediction, the areal Bone Mineral Density (aBMD), remains moderate. To overcome current limitations, the construction of statistical models of the proximal femur, based on three-dimensional shape and intensity (a hallmark of bone density), is here proposed for predicting hip fracture in a Caucasian postmenopausal cohort. Partial Least Square (PLS)-based statistical models of the shape, intensity and their combination were developed, and the corresponding modes and components were identified. Logistic regression models using the first two shape, intensity and shape-intensity PLS components were implemented and tested within a 10-fold cross-validation procedure as predictors of hip fracture. It emerged that (1) intensity components were superior to shape components in stratifying patients according to their fracture status, and that (2) a combination of intensity and shape improved patients risk stratification. The area under the ROC curve was 0.64, 0.85 and 0.92 for the models based on shape, intensity and shape-intensity combination respectively, against a 0.72 value for the aBMD standard approach. Based on these findings, the presented methodology turns out to be promising in tackling the need for an enhanced fracture risk assessment.
Conservation by trans-border cooperation: population genetic structure and diversity of geoffroy’s bat (Myotis emarginatus) at its north-western european range edge
Authors: Frantz Alain C. , Viglino Andrea , Wilwert Elodie , Cruz Ana-Paula , Wittische Julian , Weigand Alexander M. , Buijk Jacky , Nyssen Pierrette , Dekeukeleire Daan , Dekker Jasja J.A. , Horsburgh Gavin J. , Schneider Simone , Lang Mara , Caniglia Romolo , Galaverni Marco , Schleimer Anna , Bücs Szilárd-Lehel , Pir Jacques B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the European Union, all bat species are strictly protected and member states must ensure their conservation. However, if populations are genetically structured, conservation units that correspond to whole countries may be too large, putting small populations with specific conservation requirements at risk. Geoffroy’s bat (Myotis emarginatus) has undergone well-documented declines at its north-western European range edge between the 1960 and 1990s and is considered to be negatively affected by habitat fragmentation. Here we analysed the species’ genetic population structure and diversity to identify subpopulations with reduced genetic diversity and to scientifically inform conservation management. We generated 811 microsatellite-based genetic profiles obtained from 42 European nursery colonies and analysed a total of 932 sequences of the hypervariable region II of the mitochondrial control region sampled from across Europe. While two geographically widespread genetic populations were inferred to be present in north-western Europe, both nuclear and mitochondrial genetic diversity were lowest in the areas that had experienced a decline during the last century. A microsatellite-based analysis of demographic history did not permit, however, to unequivocally link that reduced genetic diversity to the population contraction event. Given the large geographic extent of the genetic populations, preserving the connectivity of mating sites requires concerted conservation efforts across multiple political jurisdictions. Genetic monitoring ought to be done on a regular basis to ensure that large-scale connectivity is maintained and further loss of genetic diversity is prevented.
Fake news on Social Media: the Impact on Society
Authors: Olan Femi , Jayawickrama Uchitha , Arakpogun Emmanuel Ogiemwonyi , Suklan Jana , Liu Shaofeng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFake news (FN) on social media (SM) rose to prominence in 2016 during the United States of America presidential election, leading people to question science, true news (TN), and societal norms. FN is increasingly affecting societal values, changing opinions on critical issues and topics as well as redefining facts, truths, and beliefs. To understand the degree to which FN has changed society and the meaning of FN, this study proposes a novel conceptual framework derived from the literature on FN, SM, and societal acceptance theory. The conceptual framework is developed into a meta-framework that analyzes survey data from 356 respondents. This study explored fuzzy set-theoretic comparative analysis; the outcomes of this research suggest that societies are split on differentiating TN from FN. The results also show splits in societal values. Overall, this study provides a new perspective on how FN on SM is disintegrating societies and replacing TN with FN.
Experimental evaluation and uncertainty quantification for a fractional viscoelastic model of salt concrete
Authors: Hinze Matthias , Xiao Sinan , Schmidt André , Nowak Wolfgang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study evaluates and analyzes creep testing results on salt concrete of type M2. The concrete is a candidate material for long-lasting structures for sealing underground radioactive waste repository sites. Predicting operational lifetime and security aspects for these structures requires specific constitutive equations to describe the material behavior. Thus, we analyze whether a fractional viscoelastic constitutive law is capable of representing the long-term creep and relaxation processes for M2 concrete. We conduct a creep test to identify the parameters of the fractional model. Moreover, we use the Bayesian inversion method to evaluate the identifiability of the model parameters and the suitability of the experimental setup to yield a reliable prediction of the concrete behavior. Particularly, this Bayesian analysis allows to incorporate expert knowledge as prior information, to account for limited experimental precision and finally to rigorously quantify the post-calibration uncertainty.
Thickness control of the silica shell: a way to tune the plasmonic properties of isolated and assembled gold nanorods
Authors: Candreva Angela , Lewandowski Wiktor , La Deda Massimo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBy combining photophysical measurements with transmission electron microscopy, we proved that the thickness of the silica shell around gold nanorods determines the position of the longitudinal plasmonic band when they are isolated in solution or assembled in solid. The silica thickness has been tuned by modulating the reaction time and the ratio between CTAB-coated gold nanorods and TEOS concentration, obtaining gold nanorods covered by a silica shell with a thickness varying from 3.5 to 24 nm. Considering this shell as a spacer between the gold cores, it is possible to modulate the coupling of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of neighboring nanorods. Moreover, the comparison between the extinction spectra in solution and in solid, recorded from nanorods covered by silica shell with different thickness, can be used to estimate the inter-nanoparticles distance required for plasmon interaction. We found that LSPR coupling is effective when the distance between the gold cores is no more than 10 nm. When the distance is greater, the nanorods do not interact with each other.
Development of a dedicated 3D printed myocardial perfusion phantom: proof-of-concept in dynamic SPECT
Authors: Kamphuis Marije E. , de Vries Gijs J. , Kuipers Henny , Saaltink Marloes , Verschoor Jacqueline , Greuter Marcel J. W. , Slart Riemer H. J. A. , Slump Cornelis H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe aim to facilitate phantom-based (ground truth) evaluation of dynamic, quantitative myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) applications. Current MPI phantoms are static representations or lack clinical hard- and software evaluation capabilities. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the design, realisation and testing of a dedicated cardiac flow phantom. The 3D printed phantom mimics flow through a left ventricular cavity (LVC) and three myocardial segments. In the accompanying fluid circuit, tap water is pumped through the LVC and thereafter partially directed to the segments using adjustable resistances. Regulation hereof mimics perfusion deficit, whereby flow sensors serve as reference standard. Seven phantom measurements were performed while varying injected activity of 99mTc-tetrofosmin (330–550 MBq), cardiac output (1.5–3.0 L/min) and myocardial segmental flows (50–150 mL/min). Image data from dynamic single photon emission computed tomography was analysed with clinical software. Derived time activity curves were reproducible, showing logical trends regarding selected input variables. A promising correlation was found between software computed myocardial flows and its reference ($$\rho$$
ρ
= − 0.98; p = 0.003). This proof-of-concept paper demonstrates we have successfully measured first-pass LV flow and myocardial perfusion in SPECT-MPI using a novel, dedicated, myocardial perfusion phantom.
Graphical abstract
This proof-of-concept study focuses on the development of a novel, dedicated myocardial perfusion phantom, ultimately aiming to contribute to the evaluation of quantitative myocardial perfusion imaging applications.
Alles beim Alten? Bildungserträge höherer beruflicher und akademischer Abschlüsse vor und nach Bologna
Authors: Hall Anja 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungMit Einführung der kürzeren Bachelorabschlüsse im Zuge des Bologna-Prozesses ist eine neue Konkurrenzsituation zwischen der höheren Berufsbildung und der akademischen Bildung entstanden. Ob sich die Erträge einer beruflichen Höherqualifizierung seit Bologna verändert haben, wird im Beitrag aus einer beruflichen Perspektive heraus untersucht, und zwar (1) im Vergleich zu dual Ausgebildeten ohne berufliche Höherqualifizierung und (2) gegenüber akademischen Abschlüssen (Diplom-FH-Abschlüsse oder Bachelor). Der „Bologna-Effekt“ wird auf Basis der Erwerbstätigenbefragungen (ETB) des Bundesinstituts für Berufsbildung (BIBB) und der Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin (BAuA) 2006 und 2018 und eines Difference-in-Difference-Ansatzes modelliert. Dabei werden die Abschlusskohorten 2006–2017 (ETB 2018) und 1994–2005 (ETB 2006) jeweils (maximal) 12 Jahre nach Abschluss verglichen. Die Analysen zeigen unterschiedliche Entwicklungen in den untersuchten Berufsfeldern. Während für die Gesamtgruppe der beruflich Höherqualifizierten und für die Subgruppe der technischen Fortbildungen keine Veränderungen über die Kohorten festzustellen sind, erzielen beruflich Höherqualifizierte in kaufmännisch-wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Fortbildungsberufen nach Bologna eine geringere Lohnprämie im Vergleich zu dual Ausgebildeten als vor Bologna. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit, eine hochqualifizierte Tätigkeit auszuüben, ist jedoch für beide Berufsfelder unverändert hoch. Die Analysen liefern damit insgesamt keine Belege für eine Verdrängung oder Entwertung höherer Berufsbildungsabschlüsse. Im Gegenteil, der Abstand zu formal gleichwertigen akademischen Abschlüssen ist heute geringer als vor der Bologna-Reform.
Structural Plasticity of Dopaminergic Neurons Requires the Activation of the D3R-nAChR Heteromer and the PI3K-ERK1/2/Akt-Induced Expression of c-Fos and p70S6K Signaling Pathway
Authors: Mutti Veronica , Bono Federica , Tomasoni Zaira , Bontempi Leonardo , Guglielmi Adele , Bolognin Silvia , Schwamborn Jens C. , Missale Cristina , Fiorentini Chiara 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We have previously shown that the heteromer composed by the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) (D3R-nAChR heteromer) is expressed in dopaminergic neurons, activated by nicotine and represents the molecular unit that, in these neurons, contributes to the modulation of critical events such as structural plasticity and neuroprotection. We now extended this study by investigating the D3R-nAChR heteromer properties using various cell models such as transfected HEK293 cells, primary cultures of mouse dopaminergic neurons and human dopaminergic neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells.We found that the D3R-nAChR heteromer is the molecular effector that transduces the remodeling properties not only associated with nicotine but also with D3R agonist stimulation: neither nAChR nor D3R, in fact, when express as monomers, are able to elicit these effects. Moreover, strong and sustained activation of the PI3K-ERK1/2/Akt pathways is coupled with D3R-nAChR heteromer stimulation, leading to the expression of the immediate-early gene c-Fos and to sustained phosphorylation of cytosolic p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6K), critical for dendritic remodeling. By contrast, while D3R stimulation results in rapid and transient activation of both Erk1/2 and Akt, that is PI3K-dependent, stimulation of nAChR is associated with persistent activation of Erk1/2 and Akt, in a PI3K-independent way. Thus, the D3R-nAChR heteromer and its ability to trigger the PI3K-ERK1/2/Akt signaling pathways may represent a novel target for preserving dopaminergic neurons healthy and for conferring neuronal protection against injuries.
Opportunistic skeletal muscle metrics as prognostic tools in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients candidates to receive Radium-223
Authors: Bauckneht Matteo , Lai Rita , D’Amico Francesca , Miceli Alberto , Donegani Maria Isabella , Campi Cristina , Schenone Daniela , Raffa Stefano , Chiola Silvia , Lanfranchi Francesco , Rebuzzi Sara Elena , Zanardi Elisa , Cremante Malvina , Marini Cecilia , Fornarini Giuseppe , Morbelli Silvia , Piana Michele , Sambuceti Gianmario 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective
Androgen deprivation therapy alters body composition promoting a significant loss in skeletal muscle (SM) mass through inflammation and oxidative damage. We verified whether SM anthropometric composition and metabolism are associated with unfavourable overall survival (OS) in a retrospective cohort of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients submitted to 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (FDG PET/CT) imaging before receiving Radium-223.

Patients and methods
Low-dose CT were opportunistically analysed using a cross-sectional approach to calculate SM and adipose tissue areas at the third lumbar vertebra level. Moreover, a 3D computational method was used to extract psoas muscles to evaluate their volume, Hounsfield Units (HU) and FDG retention estimated by the standardized uptake value (SUV). Baseline established clinical, lab and imaging prognosticators were also recorded.

Results
SM area predicted OS at univariate analysis. However, this capability was not additive to the power of mean HU and maximum SUV of psoas muscles volume. These factors were thus combined in the Attenuation Metabolic Index (AMI) whose power was tested in a novel uni- and multivariable model. While Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Lactate Dehydrogenase and Hemoglobin, Metabolic Tumor Volume, Total Lesion Glycolysis and AMI were associated with long-term OS at the univariate analyses, only PSA, ALP and AMI resulted in independent prognosticator at the multivariate analysis.

Conclusion
The present data suggest that assessing individual 'patients' SM metrics through an opportunistic operator-independent computational analysis of FDG PET/CT imaging provides prognostic insights in mCRPC patients candidates to receive Radium-223.

Graphical abstract
Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp., a new branching annelid from Japan
Authors: Aguado M. Teresa , Ponz-Segrelles Guillermo , Glasby Christopher J. , Ribeiro Rannyele P. , Nakamura Mayuko , Oguchi Kohei , Omori Akihito , Kohtsuka Hisanori , Fischer Christian , Ise Yuji , Jimi Naoto , Miura Toru 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAmong over 20,000 species of Annelida, only two branching species with a highly modified body-pattern are known until now: the Syllidae Syllis ramosa McIntosh, 1879, and Ramisyllis multicaudata Glasby et al. (Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 164, 481–497, 2012). Both have unusual ramified bodies with one head and multiple branches and live inside the canals of host sponges. Using an integrative approach (combining morphology, internal anatomy, ecology, phylogeny, genetic divergence, and the complete mitochondrial genome), we describe a new branching species from Japan, Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp., inhabiting an undescribed species of Petrosia (Porifera: Demospongiae) from shallow waters. We compare the new species with its closest relative, R. multicaudata; emend the diagnosis of Ramisyllis; and discuss previous reports of S. ramosa. This study suggests a much higher diversity of branching syllids than currently known. Finally, we discuss possible explanations for the feeding behaviour in the new species in relation to its highly ciliated wall of the digestive tubes (especially at the distal branches and anus), and provide a hypothesis for the evolution of branching body patterns as the result of an adaptation to the host sponge labyrinthic canal system.
Hematinic and Iron Optimization in Peri-operative Anemia and Iron Deficiency
Authors: Miles Lachlan F. , Richards Toby 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurpose of ReviewPreoperative anemia is independently associated with worse postoperative outcomes following cardiac and noncardiac surgery. This article explores the current understanding of perioperative anemia and iron deficiency with reference to definition, diagnosis, and treatment.Recent FindingsIron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia. It can arise from reduced iron intake, poor absorption, or excess iron loss. Inflammation throughout the preoperative period can drive iron sequestration, leading to a functional deficiency of iron and the development of what was referred to until recently as the “anemia of chronic disease.” Current best practice guidance supports the routine administration of preoperative intravenous iron to treat anemia despite limited evidence. This “one size fits all” approach has been called into question following results from a recent large, randomized trial (the PREVENTT trial) that assessed the use of a single dose of intravenous iron compared to placebo 10–42 days before major abdominal surgery. Although there were no improvements in patient-centered outcomes apparent during the initial hospital stay, secondary endpoints of this trial suggested there may be some late benefit after discharge from the hospital (8 weeks postoperatively). This trial raises questions on (1) the mechanisms of iron deficiency in the perioperative patient; (2) the need to reassess our opinions on generic anemia management; and (3) the need to address patient outcomes after discharge from hospital.SummaryDespite the known associations between preoperative anemia (particularly iron deficiency anemia) and poor postoperative outcome, recent evidence suggests that administering intravenous iron relatively close to surgery does not yield a tangible short-term benefit. This is made more complex by the interplay between iron and innate immunity. Iron deficiency irrespective of hemoglobin concentration may also impact postoperative outcomes. Therefore, further research into associations between iron deficiency and postoperative outcomes, and between postoperative anemia, delayed outcomes (hospital readmission), and the efficacy of postoperative intravenous iron is required.
The Impact of the Presence of Intellectual Disabilities on Sensory Processing and Behavioral Outcomes Among Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders: a Systematic Review
Authors: Werkman M. F. , Landsman J. A. , Fokkens A. S. , Dijkxhoorn Y. M. , van Berckelaer-Onnes I. A. , Begeer S. , Reijneveld S. A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability (ID) are linked to atypical sensory processing, but consensus lacks on the impact of their co-occurrence. We studied the impact of the presence of ID in autistic individuals on (1) sensory processing and (2) the relation between sensory processing and behavioral outcomes.

Methods
A systematic review was performed on English-language peer-reviewed studies.

Results
Eleven papers were included. Papers based on overall and sensory subscales reported no impact of the presence of ID. Papers based on subtypes reported hyporesponsiveness and sensory seeking related to the presence of ID; hyporesponsiveness showed the poorest behavioral outcomes.

Conclusions
Findings regarding the impact of the presence of ID are contradictory. More research regarding sensory subtypes is needed to investigate the needs of autistic individuals with ID.
High RF power tests of the first 1.3 GHz fundamental power coupler prototypes for the SHINE project
Authors: Ma Zhen-Yu , Zhao Shen-Jie , Liu Xu-Ming , Yu Yue-Chao , Jiang Hong-Ru , Zheng Xiang , Chang Qiang , Zhang Zi-Gang , Xu Kai , Wang Yan , Zhao Yu-Bin , Hou Hong-Tao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Shanghai High Repetition Rate XFEL and Extreme Light Facility (SHINE) project will use 600 1.3 GHz fundamental power couplers, which are modified based on TTF-III power couplers, for continuous-wave operation with input power up to approximately 7 kW. The first batch of 20 sets of 1.3 GHz coupler prototypes was fabricated from three domestic manufacturers for the SHINE project. To better characterize the radio frequency conditioning phenomena for validating the performance of power couplers, a room temperature test stand was designed, constructed, and commissioned for the SHINE 1.3 GHz power couplers. In addition, a horizontal test cryostat was built to test the 1.3 GHz superconducting cavities, fundamental power couplers, tuners, and other components as a set. The results of these tests indicate that the 1.3 GHz couplers are capable of handling up to 14 kW continuous waves. Herein, the main aspects of the radio frequency design and construction of the test stand, along with the test results of the high-power conditioning of the 1.3 GHz couplers, are described.