bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a novel computerized cognitive function test for the rapid detection of mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Kouzuki Minoru , Miyamoto Madoka , Tanaka Nobuto , Urakami Katsuya 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
In the present study, we examined the distinguishing ability of a mild cognitive impairment (MCI) assessment tool for rapid screening using a computer (MARC) for Alzheimer’s disease dementia (ADD), MCI, and non-demented controls (NDC) with no cognitive impairment, as well as its validity and reliability, as part of a preliminary trial for the development of the tool.

Methods
A total of 64 participants (23 in the ADD group, 17 in the MCI group, and 24 in the NDC group) were analyzed. The participants were administered MARC and a pre-existing computerized Alzheimer’s dementia screening test (MSP), and 31 participants (14 in the MCI group, 17 in the NDC group) were readministered MARC within 4 months from the first test.

Results
The median (interquartile range) test time for MARC was 401 (350–453) s. Total MARC scores were significantly worse in the MCI and ADD groups than in the NDC group (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). In the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) when comparing the NDC and MCI groups was 0.866 (95% CI, 0.759–0.974), when comparing the NDC and AD groups was 0.989 (95% CI, 0.970–1.000), and when comparing the MCI and AD groups was 0.889 (95% CI, 0.790–0.988). Furthermore, there was a significant correlation with the results of the existing test, MSP (r = 0.839, p < 0.001). In addition, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (1,1) when the first and second MARC scores were compared was 0.740 (95% CI, 0.529–0.865; p < 0.001).

Conclusions
MARC is considered capable of distinguishing MCI with high accuracy. The tool has good validity and reliability, and it can be administered in a short period of time without the need for a specialist.
Immunohistochemical analysis of Tn antigen expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma and precursor lesions
Authors: Dombek Gabrielle E. , Ore Ana Sofia , Cheng Jane , Matsumoto Yasuyuki , Glickman Jonathan N. , Fleishman Aaron , Heimburg-Molinaro Jamie , Poylin Vitaliy Y. , Fabrizio Anne , Cataldo Thomas , Messaris Evangelos , Cummings Richard D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The Tn antigen (CD175) is an O-glycan expressed in various types of human adenocarcinomas, including colorectal cancer (CRC), though prior studies have relied heavily upon poorly characterized in-house generated antibodies and lectins. In this study, we explored Tn expression in CRC using ReBaGs6, a well-characterized recombinant murine antibody with high specificity for clustered Tn antigen.

Methods
Using well-defined monoclonal antibodies, expression patterns of Tn and sialylated Tn (STn) antigens were characterized by immunostaining in CRC, in matched peritumoral [transitional margin (TM)] mucosa, and in normal colonic mucosa distant from the tumor, as well as in adenomas. Vicia villosa agglutinin lectin was used to detect terminal GalNAc expression. Histo-scoring (H scoring) of staining was carried out, and pairwise comparisons of staining levels between tissue types were performed using paired samples Wilcoxon rank sum tests, with statistical significance set at 0.05.

Results
While minimal intracellular Tn staining was seen in normal mucosa, significantly higher expression was observed in both TM mucosa (p < 0.001) and adenocarcinoma (p < 0.001). This pattern was reflected to a lesser degree by STn expression in these tissue types. Interestingly, TM mucosa demonstrates a Tn expression level even higher than that of the adenocarcinoma itself (p = 0.019). Colorectal adenomas demonstrated greater Tn and STn expression relative to normal mucosa (p < 0.001 and p = 0.012, respectively).

Conclusions
In summary, CRC is characterized by alterations in Tn/STn antigen expression in neoplastic epithelium as well as peritumoral benign mucosa. Tn/STn antigens are seldom expressed in normal mucosa. This suggests that TM mucosa, in addition to CRC itself, represents a source of glycoproteins rich in Tn that may offer future biomarker targets.
Socio-economic and regional variation in breast and cervical cancer screening among Indian women of reproductive age: a study from National Family Health Survey, 2019-21
Authors: Sen Soumendu , Khan Pijush Kanti , Wadasadawala Tabassum , Mohanty Sanjay K 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn India, breast and cervical cancers account for two-fifths of all cancers and are predominantly prevalent among women in the reproductive age group. The Government of India recommended screening of breast and cervical cancer among women aged 30 years and over. This study examines the socio-economic and regional variations of breast and cervical screening among Indian women in the reproductive age.MethodsA full sample of 707,119 women aged 15–49 and a sub-sample of 357,353 women aged 30–49 from National Family Health Survey-5 (2019-21) were used in the analysis. Self-reported ever screening for breast and cervical cancer for women aged 15–49 and women aged 30–49 were outcome variables. A set of socio-economic and risk factors associated with breast and cervical cancer screening were used as the predictors. Logistic regression was used to understand the significant correlates of cancer screening and, concentration index and concentration curve were used to assess the socio-economic inequality in breast and cervical cancer screening.ResultsThe proportion of breast and cervical cancer screening among women aged 30–49 were 877 and 1965 per 100,000 women respectively. Cancer screening was lower among women who were poor, young, had lower educational attainment and resided in rural areas. The concentration index was 0.2 for ever screening of breast cancer and 0.15 for cervical cancer among women aged 30–49 years. The concertation curve for screening of both breast and cervical cancers was pro-rich. Women with higher educational attainment [OR:1.46, 95% CI: 1.31–1.62], aged 40–49 years [OR:1.35; 95% CI: 1.28–1.43], resided in the western [OR:1.62; 95% CI:1.4–1.87] or southern [OR:6.66; 95% CI:5.93–7.49] region had significantly higher odds of up taking either of the screening. The pattern of breast and cervical cancer screening among women aged 15–49 was similar to that of women 30–49.ConclusionThe overall proportion of cancer screening among women in 30–49 age group is low in India. Early screening and treatment can reduce the burden of these cancers. Creating awareness and providing knowledge on cancer could be a key strategy for reducing the burden of breast and cervical cancers among women in the reproductive age in India.
Changes in all-cause and cause-specific mortality during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Minnesota: population-based study
Authors: McCoy Rozalina G. , Campbell Ronna L. , Mullan Aidan F. , Bucks Colin M. , Clements Casey M. , Reichard R. Ross , Jeffery Molly M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic resulted in unprecedented increases in mortality in the U.S. and worldwide. To better understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality in the state of Minnesota, U.S.A., we characterize the changes in the causes of death during 2020 (COVID-19 period), compared to 2018–2019 (baseline period), assessing for differences across ages, races, ethnicities, sexes, and geographic characteristics.MethodsLongitudinal population-based study using Minnesota death certificate data, 2018–2020. Using Poisson regression models adjusted for age and sex, we calculated all-cause and cause-specific (by underlying causes of death) mortality rates per 100,000 Minnesotans, the demographics of the deceased, and years of life lost (YLL) using the Chiang’s life table method in 2020 relative to 2018–2019.ResultsWe identified 89,910 deaths in 2018–2019 and 52,030 deaths in 2020. The mean daily mortality rate increased from 123.1 (SD 11.7) in 2018–2019 to 144.2 (SD 22.1) in 2020. COVID-19 comprised 9.9% of deaths in 2020. Other categories of causes of death with significant increases in 2020 compared to 2018–2019 included assault by firearms (RR 1.68, 95% CI 1.34–2.11), accidental poisonings (RR 1.49, 95% CI 1.37–1.61), malnutrition (RR 1.48, 95% CI 1.17–1.87), alcoholic liver disease (RR, 95% CI 1.14–1.40), and cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases (RR 1.28, 95% CI 1.09–1.50). Mortality rates due to COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 causes were higher among racial and ethnic minority groups, older adults, and non-rural residents.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a 17% increase in the death rate in Minnesota relative to 2018–2019, driven by both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 causes. As the COVID-19 pandemic enters its third year, it is imperative to examine and address the factors contributing to excess mortality in the short-term and monitor for additional morbidity and mortality in the years to come.
Design and evaluation of two educational media in the form of animation and games to promote the cutaneous leishmaniasis prevention behaviors in adolescent female
Authors: Alidosti Masoumeh , Shahnazi Hossein , Heidari Zahra , Zamani-Alavijeh Fereshteh 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) has social and psychological effects on different groups, especially adolescents and young girls in 98 countries of the world, in addition to the economic burden. Therefore, it is necessary to apply effective methods for CL prevention. In this study, educational messages were designed based on Extended Parallel Process Model in both forms of animation and game, whose effect on the cutaneous leishmaniasis prevention behaviors was evaluated in adolescent female students.

Methods
This experimental study was carried out from January to September 2021 on 275 adolescent female students in Isfahan province, Iran. Cluster sampling method was used, and then the students were randomly divided into three groups, namely animation education, game education, and control groups. The educational intervention was performed with two new media in the form of animation and games. The data collected before and two months after the education through a valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire were analyzed in SPSS24 software using statistical tests of ANOVA, Chi-square, paired t and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).

Results
The mean age of the participants was 14.07 ± 0.94. The mean scores of behavior in the animation group (60.60 ± 23.00), the game group (61.70 ± 22.05), and the control group (66.13 ± 24.62) were not significantly different prior to the education. However, after the education, there was a significant difference between the animation (80.66 ± 17.62) and game groups (82.58 ± 19.07) and the control group (69.79 ± 23.29) (P < 0.001). The mean scores of model constructs following the intervention (susceptibility, severity, response efficacy, and perceived self-efficacy) significantly increased in the animation and game groups compared to that in the control group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
The results showed that if educational programs contain a combination of threat and efficiency messages, CL-preventive behaviors in adolescents increase. Providing similar educational content with both game and animation methods indicated that both methods had an almost same effect. Although animation production is more costly, it has the advantage of being used in periods and for other adolescents.
Excess mortality and the COVID-19 pandemic: causes of death and social inequalities
Authors: Oh Jieun , Min Jieun , Kang Cinoo , Kim Ejin , Lee Jung Pyo , Kim Ho , Lee Whanhee 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
During the coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, population’s mortality has been affected not only by the risk of infection itself, but also through deferred care for other causes and changes in lifestyle. This study aims to investigate excess mortality by cause of death and socio-demographic context during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea.

Methods
Mortality data within the period 2015–2020 were obtained from Statistics Korea, and deaths from COVID-19 were excluded. We estimated 2020 daily excess deaths for all causes, the eight leading causes of death, and according to individual characteristics, using a two-stage interrupted time series design accounting for temporal trends and variations in other risk factors.

Results
During the pandemic period (February 18 to December 31, 2020), an estimated 663 (95% empirical confidence interval [eCI]: -2356–3584) excess deaths occurred in South Korea. Mortality related to respiratory diseases decreased by 4371 (3452–5480), whereas deaths due to metabolic diseases and ill-defined causes increased by 808 (456–1080) and 2756 (2021–3378), respectively. The increase in all-cause deaths was prominent in those aged 65–79 years (941, 88–1795), with an elementary school education or below (1757, 371–3030), or who were single (785, 384–1174), while a decrease in deaths was pronounced in those with a college-level or higher educational attainment (1471, 589–2328).

Conclusion
No evidence of a substantial increase in all-cause mortality was found during the 2020 pandemic period in South Korea, as a result of a large decrease in deaths related to respiratory diseases that offset increased mortality from metabolic disease and diseases of ill-defined cause. The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected those of lower socioeconomic status and has exacerbated inequalities in mortality.
Effects of airway pressure release ventilation on multi-organ injuries in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome pig models
Authors: Ma Aijia , Wang Bo , Cheng Jiangli , Dong Meiling , Li Yang , Wei Canzheng , Zhou Yongfang , Xue Yang , Gao Hui , Zhao Lican , Li Siyu , Qin Yiwei , Zhang Mengni , Wu Qin , Yang Jing , Kang Yan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Extra-pulmonary multi-organ failure in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a major cause of high mortality. Our purpose is to assess whether airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) causes more multi-organ damage than low tidal volume ventilation (LTV).

Methods
Twenty one pigs were randomized into control group (n = 3), ARDS group (n = 3), LTV group (n = 8) and APRV group (n = 7). Severe ARDS model was induced by repeated bronchial saline lavages. Pigs were ventilated and monitored continuously for 48 h. Respiratory data, hemodynamic data, serum inflammatory cytokines were collected throughout the study. Histological injury and apoptosis were assessed by two pathologists.

Results
After severe ARDS modeling, pigs in ARDS, LTV and APRV groups experienced significant hypoxemia and reduced lung static compliance (Cstat). Oxygenation recovered progressively after 16 h mechanical ventilation (MV) in LTV and APRV group. The results of the repeated measures ANOVA showed no statistical difference in the PaO2/FiO2 ratio between the APRV and LTV groups (p = 0.54). The Cstat showed a considerable improvement in APRV group with statistical significance (p < 0.01), which was significantly higher than in the LTV group since 16 h (p = 0.04). Histological injury scores showed a significantly lower injury score in the middle and lower lobes of the right lung in the APRV group compared to LTV (pmiddle = 0.04, plower = 0.01), and no significant increase in injury scores for extra-pulmonary organs, including kidney (p = 0.10), small intestine (p = 1.0), liver (p = 0.14, p = 0.13) and heart (p = 0.20). There were no significant differences in serum inflammatory cytokines between the two groups.

Conclusion
In conclusion, in the experimental pig models of severe ARDS induced by repetitive saline lavage, APRV improved lung compliance with reduced lung injury of middle and lower lobes, and did not demonstrate more extra-pulmonary organ injuries as compared with LTV.
Predictors of self-management in patients with chronic low back pain: a longitudinal study
Authors: Banerjee A. , Hendrick P. , Blake H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Self-management (SM) is a key recommended strategy for managing chronic low back pain (CLBP). However, SM programmes generate small to moderate benefits for reducing pain and disability in patients with CLBP. The benefits of the SM programme can potentially be optimised by identifying specific subgroups of patients who are the best responders. To date, no longitudinal study has examined the predictive relationships between SM and biopsychosocial factors in patients with CLBP. The aim was to determine whether biopsychosocial factors predict SM and its change over time in patients with CLBP.

Methods
In this multi-centre longitudinal cohort study, we recruited 270 working-age patients with CLBP (mean age 43.74, 61% female) who consulted outpatient physiotherapy for their CLBP. Participants completed self-reported validated measures of pain intensity, disability, physical activity, kinesiophobia, catastrophising, depression and SM at baseline and six months. SM constructs were measured using eight subscales of the Health Education Impact Questionnaire (heiQ), including Health Directed Activity (HDA), Positive and Active Engagement in Life (PAEL), Emotional Distress (ED), Self-Monitoring and Insight (SMI), Constructive Attitudes and Approaches (CAA), Skill and Technique Acquisition (STA), Social Integration and Support (SIS) and Health Service Navigation (HSN). Data were analysed using General Linear Model (GLM) regression.

Results
Physical activity and healthcare use (positively) and disability, depression, kinesiophobia, catastrophising (negatively) predicted (p < 0.05, R2 0.07–0.55) SM constructs at baseline in patients with CLBP. Baseline depression (constructs: PAEL, ED, SMI, CAA and STA), kinesiophobia (constructs: CAA and HSN), catastrophising (construct: ED), and physical disability (constructs: PAEL, CAA and SIS) negatively predicted a range of SM constructs. Changes over six months in SM constructs were predicted by changes in depression, kinesiophobia, catastrophising, and physical activity (p < 0.05, R2 0.13–0.32).

Conclusions
Self-reported disability, physical activity, depression, catastrophising and kinesiophobia predicted multiple constructs of SM measured using the heiQ subscales in working-age patients with CLBP. Knowledge of biopsychosocial predictors of SM may help triage patients with CLBP into targeted pain management programmes.

Trial registration
The study protocol was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on 22 December 2015 (ID: NCT02636777).
A deep learning model based on concatenation approach to predict the time to extract a mandibular third molar tooth
Authors: Kwon Dohyun , Ahn Jaemyung , Kim Chang-Soo , Kang Dong ohk , Paeng Jun-Young 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Assessing the time required for tooth extraction is the most important factor to consider before surgeries. The purpose of this study was to create a practical predictive model for assessing the time to extract the mandibular third molar tooth using deep learning. The accuracy of the model was evaluated by comparing the extraction time predicted by deep learning with the actual time required for extraction.

Methods
A total of 724 panoramic X-ray images and clinical data were used for artificial intelligence (AI) prediction of extraction time. Clinical data such as age, sex, maximum mouth opening, body weight, height, the time from the start of incision to the start of suture, and surgeon’s experience were recorded. Data augmentation and weight balancing were used to improve learning abilities of AI models. Extraction time predicted by the concatenated AI model was compared with the actual extraction time.

Results
The final combined model (CNN + MLP) model achieved an R value of 0.8315, an R-squared value of 0.6839, a p-value of less than 0.0001, and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 2.95 min with the test dataset.

Conclusions
Our proposed model for predicting time to extract the mandibular third molar tooth performs well with a high accuracy in clinical practice.
Oral lichenoid lesion simultaneously associated with Castleman’s disease and papillary thyroid carcinoma: a rare case report
Authors: Zhou Jiaying , Zhou Rui , Tan Pingping , Cheng Bin , Ma Liwei , Wu Tong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundOral lichenoid lesion (OLL) is a term used to describe oral lesions that have clinical and/or histopathological features similar to oral lichen planus (OLP), but it is thought to be caused by specific triggers or systemic conditions and presents higher malignant transformation rate than OLP. To date, OLL simultaneously complicated with Castleman’s disease (CD) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has not been reported. Reporting from such disorders is crucial to avoid misdiagnosis and help in timely intervention.Case presentationWe report a rare case of a 39-year-old female with extensive ulcerated lesions on the oral mucosa, diagnosed as OLL by histopathology. Routine oral treatment was scheduled to control the OLL, while the oral lesions remained unhealed. Computed tomography examination was performed after the oral treatment and revealed thyroid and mediastinal masses, which were then surgically removed and pathologically diagnosed as PTC and CD, respectively. Two months after complete excision of the neoplasms, the oral lesions showed obvious alleviation. With subsequent treatment for oral lesions, the patient’s OLL healed.ConclusionsThis is the first reported OLL case simultaneously associated with CD and PTC. This case reminds us to focus on the underlying etiologies of OLL and the multidisciplinary collaboration for oral lesions associated with systemic diseases.