bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural inflation after Planck 2018
Authors: Stein Nina K. , Kinney William H. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We calculate high-precision constraints on Natural Inflation relative to current observational constraints from Planck 2018 + BICEP/Keck(BK15) Polarization + BAO on r and n
S, including post-inflationary history of the universe. We find that, for conventional post-inflationary dynamics, Natural Inflation with a cosine potential is disfavored at greater than 95% confidence out by current data. If we assume protracted reheating characterized by w̅>1/3, Natural Inflation can be brought into agreement with current observational constraints. However, bringing unmodified Natural Inflation into the 68% confidence region requires values of T
re below the scale of electroweak symmetry breaking. The addition of a SHOES prior on the Hubble Constant H
0 only worsens the fit.
Highly Sensitive, Non-cryogenic NIR High-resolution Spectrograph, WINERED
Authors: Ikeda Yuji , Kondo Sohei , Otsubo Shogo , Hamano Satoshi , Yasui Chikako , Matsunaga Noriyuki , Sameshima Hiroaki , Yoshikawa Tomohiro , Fukue Kei , Nakanishi Kenshi , Kawanishi Takafumi , Watase Ayaka , Nakaoka Tetsuya , Arai Akira , Kinoshita Masaomi , Kitano Ayaka , Nakamura Kazuki , Asano Akira , Takenaka Keiichi , Murai Taichi , Kawakita Hideyo , Minami Atsushi , Izumi Natsuko , Yamamoto Ryo , Mizumoto Misaki , Taniguchi Daisuke , Tsujimoto Takuji 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
WINERED is a novel near-infrared (NIR) high-resolution spectrograph (HRS) that pursues the highest possible sensitivity to realize high-precision spectroscopy in the NIR as in the optical wavelength range. WINERED covers 0.9–1.35 μm (z, Y, and J-bands) with three modes (Wide mode and two Hires modes) at the maximum spectral resolutions of R = 28,000 and R = 70,000. For fulfilling the objective, WINERED is designed with an unprecedentedly high instrument throughput (up to 50% at maximum including the quantum efficiency of the array) that is three times or more than other existing optical/NIR HRSs. This is mainly realized by a combination of non-white pupil and no fiber-fed configuration in optical design, the moderate (optimized) wavelength coverage, and the high-throughput gratings. Another prominent feature of WINERED is “warm” instrument despite for infrared (IR) observations. Such non-cryogenic (no cold stop) IR instrument finally became possible with the combination of custom-made thermal-cut filter of 10−8 class, 1.7 μm cutoff HAWAII-2RG array, and a cold baffle reducing the direct thermal radiation to the IR array into the solid angle of f/2. The thermal background is suppressed below 0.1 photons pixel−1 s−1 even in the wide band of 0.9–1.35 μm under the environment of 290 K. WINERED had been installed to the 3.58 m New Technology Telescope at La Silla Observatory, ESO, since 2017. Even with the intermediate size telescope, WINERED was confirmed to provide a limiting magnitude (for SNR = 30 with 8 hr. integration time) of J = 16.4 mag for the Wide mode and J = 15.1 mag for the Hires mode, respectively, under the natural seeing conditions. These sensitivities are comparable to those for the existing NIR-HRSs attached to the 8–10 m class telescopes with AO. WINERED type spectrographs may become a critical not only for the currently on-going extremely large telescopes to reduce the developing cost and time but also for smaller telescopes to extend their lives with long programs.
iSHELL: a 1–5 micron R = 80,000 Immersion Grating Spectrograph for the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility
Authors: Rayner John , Tokunaga Alan , Jaffe Daniel , Bond Timothy , Bonnet Morgan , Ching Gregory , Connelley Michael , Cushing Michael , Kokubun Daniel , Lockhart Charles , Vacca William , Warmbier Eric 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
iSHELL is a 1.06–5.3 μm high spectral resolution spectrograph built for the 3.2 m NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) on Maunakea, Hawaii. Dispersion is accomplished with a silicon immersion grating in order to keep the instrument small enough to be mounted at the Cassegrain focus of the telescope. The white pupil spectrograph produces resolving powers of up to about R ≡ λ/δλ = 80,000 (0.″375 slit). Cross-dispersing gratings mounted in a tiltable mechanism allow observers to select different wavelength ranges and, in combination with a slit wheel and Dekker mechanism, slit widths ranging from 0.″375 to 4.″0 and slit lengths ranging from 5″ to 25″. One Teledyne 2048 × 2048 HAWAII-2RG array is used in the spectrograph, and one Raytheon 512 × 512 Aladdin 2 array is used in a 1–5 μm slit viewer for object acquisition, guiding, and scientific imaging. iSHELL has been in productive regular use on IRTF since first light in 2016 September. In this paper we discuss details of the science case, design, construction and astronomical use of iSHELL.
High-power ytterbium-doped fibre master-oscillator power-amplifier at 1018 nm
Authors: Park H M , Oh Y J , Park E J , Park J S , Jeong H , Kim J W 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A high-power master-oscillator power-amplifier (MOPA) at 1018 nm employing ytterbium (Yb)-doped fibres as a gain medium is reported. Utilizing a diffraction grating as a reflector, we could successfully suppress the influence of the broadband amplified spontaneous emission on the master-oscillator or the power-amplifier, resulting in stable amplification of the laser signal at 1018 nm. Based on a simple theoretical simulation on gain spectra and experimental investigation on parasitic lasing thresholds, the Yb fibre MOPA constructed in-house yielded 220 W of output at 1018 nm with a beam propagation factor (M2) of 1.1. The prospects for further power scaling are considered.
Evaluation of Fano resonance and phase analysis of plasma induced transparency in photonic nanostructure based on equivalent circuit analysis
Authors: Feng Yanming , Li Zhiguo , Zhao Qiang , Chen Pingping , Wang Jiqing 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Fano resonance and plasma induced transparency (PIT) have been widely observed in various plasmonic nanostructures. Fano resonance takes place in weak coupling regime where coupling constant between two electromagnetic modes is lower than damping constant of system. Hence, extracting coupling and damping coefficients from resonance spectrum is the key to distinguish between Fano resonance and other resonances. In this paper, we propose a simple and realizable coupled LC circuit to analyze Fano resonance and PIT. Weak and strong coupling regime are distinguished by comparing coupling constant with damping constant. Meanwhile, we gain deep insight into Fano resonance and PIT in circuit by analyzing circuit phase and understand their connection with resonance in photonic structure. Furthermore, we extend the equivalent circuit model to the field involved short-range plasmon polarization or multi-orders dark modes. Since there are no specific parameters associated with photonic nanostructure, the proposed equivalent circuit can be used in most plasmonic resonance system as an universal model.
Shifts in valence states in bimetallic MXenes revealed by electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS)
Authors: Foucher Alexandre C , Han Meikang , Shuck Christopher E , Maleski Kathleen , Gogotsi Yury , Stach Eric A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
MXenes are an emergent class of two-dimensional materials with a very wide spectrum of promising applications. The synthesis of multiple MXenes, specifically solid-solution MXenes, allows fine tuning of their properties, expands their range of applications, and leads to enhanced performance. The functionality of solid-solution MXenes is closely related to the valence state of their constituents: transition metals, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen. However, the impact of changes in the oxidation state of elements in MXenes is not well understood. In this work, three interrelated solid-solution MXene systems (Ti2−y
Nb
y
CT
x
, Nb2−y
V
y
CT
x
, and Ti2−y
V
y
CT
x
) were investigated with scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy-loss spectroscopy to determine the localized valence states of metals at the nanoscale. The analysis demonstrates changes in the electronic configuration of V upon modification of the overall composition and within individual MXene flakes. These shifts of oxidation state can explain the nonlinear optical and electronic features of solid-solution MXenes. Vanadium appears to be particularly sensitive to modification of the valence state, while titanium maintains the same oxidation state in Ti–Nb and Ti–V MXenes, regardless of stoichiometry. The study also explains Nb’s influential role in the previously observed electronic properties in the Nb–V and Nb–Ti systems.
Synthesis of Ag-decorated vertical graphene nanosheets and their electrocatalytic efficiencies
Authors: CHEN Jiali , JI Peiyu , LI Maoyang , HUANG Tianyuan , ZHUGE Lanjian , WU Xuemei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Herein we report the successful preparation of silver (Ag)-decorated vertically oriented graphene sheets (Ag/VGs) via helicon wave plasma chemical vapor deposition (HWP-CVD) and radiofrequency plasma magnetron sputtering (RF-PMS). VGs were synthesized in a mixture of argon and methane (Ar/CH4) by HWP-CVD and then the Ag nanoparticles on the prepared VGs were modified using the RF-PMS system for different sputtering times and RF power levels. The morphology and structure of the Ag nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and the results revealed that Ag nanoparticles were evenly dispersed on the mesoporous wall of the VGs. X-ray diffraction results showed that the diameter of the Ag particles increased with the increase in Ag loading, and the average size was between 10.49 nm and 25.9 nm, consistent with the transmission electron microscopy results. Ag/VGs were investigated as effective electrocatalysts for use in an alkaline aqueous system. Due to the uniquely ordered and interconnected wall structure of VGs, the area of active sites increased with the Ag loading, giving the Ag/VGs a good performance in the oxygen evolution reaction. The double-layer capacitance (C
dl) of the Ag/VGs under different Ag loadings were studied, and the results showed that the highest Ag content gave the best C
dl (1.04 mF cm−2). Our results show that Ag/VGs are likely to be credible electrocatalytic materials.
Fully solution-processed InSnO/HfGdO
X
thin-film transistor for light-stimulated artificial synapse
Authors: Li Jun , Wen Shengkai , Jiang Dongliang , Li Linkang , Zhang Jianhua 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In recent years, the research interest in brain-inspired light-stimulated artificial synaptic electronic devices has greatly increased, due to their great potential in constructing low-power, high-efficiency, and high-speed neuromorphic computing systems. However, in the field of electronic synaptic device simulation, the development of three-terminal synaptic transistors with low manufacturing cost and excellent memory function still faces huge challenges. Here, a fully solution-processed InSnO/HfGdO
X
thin film transistor (TFT) is fabricated by a simple and convenient solution process to verify the feasibility of light-stimulated artificial synapses. This experiment investigated the electrical and synaptic properties of the device under light stimulation conditions. The device successfully achieved some important synaptic properties, such as paired-pulse facilitation, excitatory postsynaptic current and the transition from short-term memory to long-term memory. In addition, the device also exhibits brain-like memory and learning behaviors under different colors of light stimulation. This work provides an important strategy for the realization of light-stimulated artificial synapses and may have good applications in the field of artificial neuromorphic computing by light signals in the future.
Physics makes the difference: Bayesian optimization and active learning via augmented Gaussian process
Authors: Ziatdinov Maxim A , Ghosh Ayana , Kalinin Sergei V 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Both experimental and computational methods for the exploration of structure, functionality, and properties of materials often necessitate the search across broad parameter spaces to discover optimal experimental conditions and regions of interest in the image space or parameter space of computational models. The direct grid search of the parameter space tends to be extremely time-consuming, leading to the development of strategies balancing exploration of unknown parameter spaces and exploitation towards required performance metrics. However, classical Bayesian optimization (BO) strategies based on the Gaussian process (GP) do not readily allow for the incorporation of the known physical behaviors or past knowledge. Here we explore a hybrid optimization/exploration algorithm created by augmenting the standard GP with a structured probabilistic model of the expected system’s behavior. This approach balances the flexibility of the non-parametric GP approach with a rigid structure of physical knowledge encoded into the parametric model. The fully Bayesian treatment of the latter allows additional control over the optimization via the selection of priors for the model parameters. The method is demonstrated for a noisy version of a standard univariate test function used to evaluate optimization algorithms and further extended to physical lattice models. This methodology is expected to be universally suitable for injecting prior knowledge in the form of physical models and past data in the BO framework.
Amorphous silica nanoparticles (nSP50) exacerbate hepatic damage through the activation of acquired cell-mediated immunity
Authors: Eto Shun-ichi , Higashisaka Kazuma , Koshida Aoi , Sato Kenta , Ogura Mao , Sakurai Miyuki , Tsujino Hirofumi , Nagano Kazuya , Tsutsumi Yasuo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Due to their innovative functions, the use of nanoparticles in various industries has been expanding. However, a key concern is whether nanoparticles induce unexpected biological effects. Although many studies have focused on innate immunity, information on whether nanoparticles induce biological responses through effects on acquired immunity is sparse. Here, to assess the effects of amorphous silica nanoparticles on acquired immunity, we analyzed changes in acute toxicities after pretreatment with amorphous silica nanoparticles (50 nm in diameter; nSP50). Pretreatment with nSP50 biochemically and pathologically exacerbated nSP50-induced hepatic damage in immunocompetent mice, while pretreatment with nSP50 did not exacerbate hepatic damage in immunodeficient mice. Consistent with this, the depletion of CD8+ cells with an anti-CD8 antibody in animals pretreated with nSP50 resulted in lower plasma levels of hepatic injury markers such as ALT and AST after an intravenous administration than treatment with an isotype-matched control antibody. Finally, stimulation of splenocytes promoted the release of IFN-γ in nSP50-pretreated mice regardless of the stimulator used. Moreover, the blockade of IFN-γ decreased plasma levels of ALT and AST levels in nSP50-pretreated mice. Collectively, these data show that nSP50-induced acquired immunity leads to exacerbation of hepatic damage through the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
The Winchcombe Meteorite: one year on
Authors: O'Brien Áine Clare , Pickersgill Annemarie , Daly Luke , Jenkins Laura , Floyd Cameron , Martin Pierre-Etienne , Hallis Lydia Jane , King Ashley , Lee Martin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
It was the first UK meteorite fall for 30 years. Here we gather the story of a remarkable community hunt involving pandemic precautions, social media spikes and some very lucky guinea pigs.
Identify, quantify and characterize cellular communication from single-cell RNA sequencing data with scSeqComm
Authors: Baruzzo Giacomo , Cesaro Giulia , Di Camillo Barbara 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Motivation
Recently, single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data have been used to study cellular communication. Most bioinformatics methods infer only the intercellular signaling between groups of cells, mainly exploiting ligand–receptor expression levels. Only few methods consider the entire intercellular + intracellular signaling, mainly inferring lists/networks of signaling involved genes.

Results
Here, we present scSeqComm, a computational method to identify and quantify the evidence of ongoing intercellular and intracellular signaling from scRNA-seq data, and at the same time providing a functional characterization of the inferred cellular communication. The possibility to quantify the evidence of ongoing communication assists the prioritization of the results, while the combined evidence of both intercellular and intracellular signaling increase the reliability of inferred communication. The application to a scRNA-seq dataset of tumor microenvironment, the agreement with independent bioinformatics analysis, the validation using spatial transcriptomics data and the comparison with state-of-the-art intercellular scoring schemes confirmed the robustness and reliability of the proposed method.

Availability and implementation
scSeqComm R package is freely available at https://gitlab.com/sysbiobig/scseqcomm and https://sysbiobig.dei.unipd.it/software/#scSeqComm. Submitted software version and test data are available in Zenodo, at https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5833298.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
How resource sharing resists scarcity: the role of cognitive empathy and its neurobiological mechanisms
Authors: Cui Fang , Huang Xiaoxuan , Jing Yiming , Luo Yue-jia , Liu Jie , Gu Ruolei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Resource scarcity challenges individuals’ willingness to share limited resources with other people. Still, lots of field studies and laboratory experiments have shown that sharing behaviors do not disappear under scarcity. Rather, some individuals are willing to share their scarce resources with others in a similar way as when the resource is abundant, which is crucial for the maintenance and development of human society. Here, we designed a novel paradigm in which subjects decided whether (and how much) to share an amount of “relieving resources” for counteracting unpleasant noises, which mimics real-life situations that people cost their own resources to help others escape from adversity. Overall, the robustness of resource sharing under scarcity was positively correlated with individual level of the cognitive component of empathy across two independent experiments. Resource insufficiency modulated the activations of several brain regions (including the TPJ, mPFC, and PCC) as well as the functional connection (from the rTPJ to the mPFC) within the mentalizing brain network, but the modulatory effect decreased as a function of cognitive empathy. We also applied the administration of oxytocin and found significant effects on sharing behavior among individuals with a higher level of cognitive empathy, but not their low-level counterparts. These findings highlight the importance of empathy to resource sharing under scarcity and explain the underlying neurobiological mechanisms.
Rapid Detection and Characterization of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron Variant in a Returning Traveler
Authors: Sexton Mary Elizabeth , Waggoner Jesse J , Carmola Ludy R , Nguyen Phuong Vi , Wang Ethan , Khosravi Dara , Taz Azmain , Arthur Robert A , Patel Mit , Edara Venkata Viswanadh , Foster Stephanie L , Moore Kathryn M , Gagne Matthew , Roberts-Torres Jesmine , Henry Amy R , Godbole Sucheta , Douek Daniel C , Rouphael Nadine , Suthar Mehul S , Piantadosi Anne 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We describe rapid detection of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant using targeted spike single-nucleotide polymorphism polymerase chain reaction and viral genome sequencing. This case occurred in a fully vaccinated and boosted returning traveler with mild symptoms who was identified through community surveillance rather than clinical care.
New Meet-in-the-Middle Attacks on FOX Block Cipher
Authors: Dong Xiaoli , Wei Yongzhuang , Gao Wen , Chen Jie 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
FOX block cipher was designed with a Lai–Massey scheme, in which the round function uses the Substitution-Permutation-Substitution structure. A meet-in-the-middle (MITM) attack is one of the most important issues for the security of the block cipher, which consists of a precomputation phase for constructing a distinguisher and an online phase for key recovery. This paper studies the MITM attacks against FOX. The first MITM distinguishers of 5-round FOX64, 7-round FOX64-256 and 5-round FOX128 are presented when using the differential enumeration technique with truncated differential characteristics. Then, based on these distinguishers, the attacks for key recovery on 7-round FOX64, 11-round FOX64-256 and 7-round FOX128 are presented with the state-test and state-search techniques. It is shown that the attack on 11-round FOX64-256 is proposed for the first time; attacks on 7-round FOX64 and 7-round FOX128 can be improved with lower time and memory complexities compared with the currently known attacks.
Impact of baseline renal dysfunction on cardiac outcomes and end-stage renal disease in heart failure patients with mitral regurgitation: the COAPT trial
Authors: Beohar Nirat , Ailawadi Gorav , Kotinkaduwa Lak N , Redfors Björn , Simonato Matheus , Zhang Zixuan , Morgan Loren Garrison , Escolar Esteban , Kar Saibal , Lim David Scott , Mishell Jacob M , Whisenant Brian K , Abraham William T , Lindenfeld JoAnn , Mack Michael J , Stone Gregg W 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Aims
Baseline renal dysfunction (RD) adversely impacts outcomes among patients with heart failure (HF) and severe secondary mitral regurgitation (MR). Heart failure and MR, in turn, accelerate progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), worsening prognosis. We sought to determine the impact of RD in HF patients with severe MR and the impact of transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVr) on new-onset ESRD and the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT).

Methods and results
The COAPT trial randomized 614 patients with HF and severe MR to MitraClip plus guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) vs. GDMT alone. Patients were stratified into three RD subgroups based on baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2): none (≥60), moderate (30–60), and severe (&lt;30). End-stage renal disease was defined as eGFR &lt;15 mL/min/1.73 m2 or RRT. The 2-year rates of all-cause death or HF hospitalization (HFH), new-onset ESRD, and RRT according to RD and treatment were assessed. Baseline RD was present in 77.0% of patients, including 23.8% severe RD, 6.0% ESRD, and 5.2% RRT. Worse RD was associated with greater 2-year risk of death or HFH (none 45.3%; moderate 53.9%; severe 69.2%; P &lt; 0.0001). MitraClip vs. GDMT alone improved outcomes regardless of RD (P interaction = 0.62) and reduced new-onset ESRD [2.9 vs. 8.1%, hazard ratio (HR) 0.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.15–0.76, P = 0.008] and the need for new RRT (2.5 vs. 7.4%, HR 0.33, 95% CI 0.14–0.78, P = 0.011).

Conclusion
Baseline RD was common in the HF patients with severe MR enrolled in COAPT and strongly predicted 2-year death and HFH. MitraClip treatment reduced new-onset ESRD and the need for RRT, contributing to the improved prognosis after TMVr.