bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiment, simulation, optimization design, and damage detection of composite shell of hydrogen storage vessel-A review
Authors: Li Wenbo , Lv Hong , Zhang Lijun , He Pengfei , Zhang Cunman 
Published: October 2022

The composite shell of composite high pressure hydrogen storage vessel (CHPHSV) is the main structure in bearing inner pressure. Its failure will lead to leakage or burst of CHPHSV, which will cause serious safety problem and economic losses. So the security of CHPHSV has always been a key and difficult problem in academia and industry, which restricts the large-scale application of hydrogen. In this paper, the failures of composite shell of type III, type IV, and type V vessels are reviewed in experiment study, simulation method, optimization design, and damage detection, focusing on the burst modes (safe or unsafe), the influence of hydrogen-thermo-stress field, and the epistemic uncertainty. Firstly, the burst modes, failure behavior, test method, and influencing factors are summarized in the experiment study, and experiment for type V composite pressure vessel is discussed. Secondly, the simulation method is reviewed in the aspect of first ply failure (FPF) analysis and last ply failure (LPF) analysis. The damage evolution of safe burst mode and unsafe burst mode is summarized. Besides, the influence of hydrogen-thermo-stress field and the uncertainty characteristic are also reviewed. Moreover, simulations of micro-crack and permeability for type V composite pressure vessels are summarized. Then, the optimization design methods based on deterministic parameters and uncertain parameters are reviewed. Finally, the damage detection methods of the composite shell of CHPHSV are summarized. The experiment, numerical simulation, and optimization are important for design of the composite vessel, and the damage detection can significantly reduce the degree of uncertainty and maintenance safety. In the future research, precise model considering multiple damage modes, hydrogen-thermo-stress field effect should be established for simulation of safe and unsafe burst mode. Uncertain quantization should be studied for burst pressure with combination of stochastic uncertainty and epistemic uncertainty. Besides, the robust design method based on the reliability of CHPHSV considering the epistemic uncertainty of design parameters should be established for a larger safety margin.
Mechanical characteristics and failure morphology of FFF-printed poly lactic acid composites reinforced with carbon fibre, graphene and MWCNTs
Authors: Jain Akash , Mishra Adit , Dubey Abhinav Kumar , Kumar Akash , Sahai Ankit , Sharma Rahul Swarup 
Published: October 2022

Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) is the most prevalent additive manufacturing technique, which involves extruding a softened thermoplastic filament through the nozzle of a heated extruder. For improving the mechanical properties of the FFF-printed PLA parts one of the options is to add reinforcing material, such as carbonaceous materials or metal particles. The present study deals with analysing and comparing mechanical properties of carbon fibre reinforced poly lactic acid (CF-PLA), graphene reinforced PLA (Gr-PLA) and multi walled carbon nano tubes reinforced PLA (MWCNTs-PLA) composites by FFF. The selected process parameters used in this study are raster angle (0°, 45°, 90°), feed rate (20 mm/s, 40 mm/s, 60 mm/s) and layer height (0.1 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.2 mm) and based on different combinations, elongation at break, modulus and tensile strength are examined. MWCNTs-PLA exhibits overall maximum tensile strength, 37.438 MPa with 15.384% elongation at break for layer height 0.1 mm, raster angle 0° and feed rate 20 mm/s as compared to other selected specimens. Fractography analysis is also done to better understand the failure modes of specimens. To examine the dependency of the tensile strength on the process parameters, ANOVA, Taguchi’s L9 array Design of Experiment (DOE) is utilized indicating that layer height has the highest contribution of 56.713% for Gr-PLA, but raster angle has the highest contribution of 54.899% and 76.16% for CF-PLA and MWCNTs-PLA, respectively. This work will help in better understanding of how different parameters effects the material properties for PLA composites.
A retrospective analysis of bone loss in tenofovir-emtricitabine therapy for HIV PrEP
Authors: Chang Joseph , Do Duy , Delgado Hector , Kanimian Natalie , Huynh An 
Published: October 2022

Background Tenofovir-Emtricitabine (TDF-FTC) is known to cause bone loss in about 1–3% of HIV treated patients. Current studies lack evidence in minority groups and long-term bone loss effects in PrEP patients. Setting To address the risk of osteopenia/osteoporosis in patients on TDF-FTC therapy for HIV PrEP and to address the breakthrough incidence of HIV. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed in Kaiser Permanente patients from 2012–2021. Patients on TDF-FTC for PrEP without any prior history of osteopenia/osteoporosis ( N = 7698) were analyzed to determine the relationship between PrEP adherence and osteopenia/osteoporosis. Descriptive statistics and Cox proportional hazards model were used to compare and analyze patient characteristics between those who developed osteopenia/osteoporosis and those who didn’t. Results 3% were found to have osteopenia/osteoporosis. Patients who developed osteopenia/osteoporosis were more likely to have a proportion of days covered (PDC) ratio ≥90%, older, had history of Hep B, DM, CVD, CKD, hypertension, and baseline eGFR ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2. Kaplan-Meier curve showed the event-free rate of osteopenia/osteoporosis decreased with time, with a greater reduction in patients with high adherence. Survival analysis showed only PDC of ≥90% was significantly associated with the risk of osteopenia/osteoporosis when adjusted. No incidence of HIV infection was detected. Conclusions This retrospective cohort analysis showed that TDF-FTC offered superior PrEP protection. Although high PrEP adherence ensured protection from HIV infection, it was significantly associated with a higher risk of developing osteopenia/osteoporosis. These findings suggest that routine check-ups for osteopenia/osteoporosis may be needed.
Risk Factors of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Lung Cancer Before Surgery: A Case Control Study
Authors: Zhang Fangyuan , Liu Lifeng , Sha Yongsheng 
Published: October 2022

Objective This study aimed to investigate the risk factors of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in admitted patients with lung carcinoma before surgery. Methods We conducted a retrospective case-control study of 94 preoperative lung cancer patients with VTE between January 2017 to December 2020. Each VTE patients was randomly matched with 2 control patients according to residence and gender. The clinical characteristics and related laboratory test results between the groups were compared by univariate analysis, while the risk factors of VTE in preoperative patients with lung cancer were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Patients aged ≥60 years, a history of arrhythmia, homocysteine>15ummol/L, Fibrinogen (FIB) >4 g/L and D-dimer>500 ng/mL were found to be associated with an increased risk of VTE by univariate analysis. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age ≥60 years (OR=10.985), FIB >4 g/L (OR=8.861) and D-Dimer >500 ng/mL (OR=6.613) were independent risk factors for VTE in patients with lung carcinoma before surgery (P<.05). Conclusion For preoperative patients with lung cancer, the independent risk factors of VTE included age ≥60 years, FIB >4 g/L and D-Dimer >500 ng/mL. As for these patients, prophylactic anticoagulant therapy should be considered before surgery.
Comparative analysis of mRNA and inactivated COVID-19 vaccines: A study from Faisalabad district of Pakistan
Authors: Ul Munamm Syed Ata , Nadeem Iftikhar , Mahdi Noor , Saqlain Muhammad , Rana Zaid Khalid , Khatana Usman Feroze , Bhatty Umer Mustansir , Navayogaarajah Visakan , Khan Fatimah Mahsal , Ur Rasool Masood 
Published: October 2022

Background: Pakistan has vaccinated over 122 million people. The two vaccines in widespread use are inactivated (BBIBP-CorV & Sinovac) and mRNA forms (BNT162b2 & mRNA-1273). The primary aim of this study was to compare these two forms of vaccines against unvaccinated individuals collectively and then to see which one is more efficacious. Methods: Case–control study design was used to compare the efficacy of inactivated and mRNA vaccines against symptomatic infection, hospitalisations and mortality due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. We derived recovery time from illness for both vaccines. Furthermore, we also compared the vaccines against similar parameters (symptomatic disease, hospitalisations and mortality). We calculated crude odds ratios for each dependent variable. p value of 0.05 or below was considered significant. Results: Vaccinated individuals were significantly protected from hospitalisations and mortality compared to unvaccinated individuals ( p < 0.001). There was no difference in protection from symptomatic disease ( p = 0.28), hospitalisations ( p = 0.59) and mortality ( p = 0.53) between two forms of vaccines. mRNA vaccine had better recovery time than all other vaccines ( p < 0.001). Discussion: Our study showed that vaccinated individuals are at low risk of hospitalisations and mortality even without a booster and both vaccine forms are equally effective at preventing hospitalisations and mortality.
Computed tomography-based body composition measures in COPD and their association with clinical outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Nicholson John M , Orsso Camila E , Nourouzpour Sahar , Elangeswaran Brenawen , Chohan Karan , Orchanian-Cheff Ani , Fidler Lee , Mathur Sunita , Rozenberg Dmitry 
Published: October 2022

Background Computed tomography (CT) is commonly utilized in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) for lung cancer screening and emphysema characterization. Computed tomography-morphometric analysis of body composition (muscle mass and adiposity) has gained increased recognition as a marker of disease severity and prognosis. This systematic review aimed to describe the CT-methodology used to assess body composition and identify the association of body composition measures and disease severity, health-related quality of life (HRQL), cardiometabolic risk factors, respiratory exacerbations, and survival in patients with COPD. Methods Six databases were searched (inception-September 2021) for studies evaluating adult COPD patients using thoracic or abdominal CT-muscle or adiposity body composition measures. The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Results Twenty eight articles were included with 15,431 COPD patients, across all GOLD stages with 77% males, age range (mean/median 59–78 years), and BMI range 19.8–29.3 kg/m2. There was heterogeneity in assessment of muscle mass and adiposity using thoracic ( n = 22) and abdominal ( n = 8) CT-scans, capturing different muscle groups, anatomic locations, and adiposity compartments (visceral, subcutaneous, and epicardial). Low muscle mass and increased adiposity were associated with increased COPD severity measures (lung function, exercise capacity, dyspnea) and lower HRQL, but were not consistent across studies. Increased visceral adiposity ( n = 6) was associated with cardiovascular disease or risk factors (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes). Low muscle CSA was prognostic of respiratory exacerbations or mortality in three of six studies, whereas the relationship with increased intermuscular adiposity and greater mortality was only observed in one of three studies. Conclusion There was significant variability in CT-body composition measures. In several studies, low muscle mass was associated with increased disease severity and lower HRQL, whereas adiposity with cardiovascular disease/risk factors. Given the heterogeneity in body composition measures and clinical outcomes, the prognostic utility of CT-body composition in COPD requires further study.
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an intensive and abbreviated individualized smoking cessation program delivered by pharmacists: A pragmatic, mixed-method, randomized trial
Authors: Phillips Leslie C.E. , Nguyen Hai , Genge Terri L. , Maddigan W. Joy 
Published: October 2022

Background: Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in Canada. Smoking cessation programs (SCPs) that are effective, cost-effective and widely available are needed to help smokers quit. Pharmacists are uniquely positioned to provide such services. This study compares the abstinence rates between 2 pharmacist-led SCPs and the cost-effectiveness between these and a comparator group. The study was conducted in St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador. Methods: This pragmatic, mixed-method trial randomized smokers to either an existing intensive SCP or a new abbreviated SCP designed for community pharmacies. The primary outcome was 6-month abstinence rates. Cost-effectiveness was determined using abstinence rates for the SCPs and a comparator group. Incremental costs per additional quit were calculated for the trial duration, and incremental costs per life-year gained were estimated over a lifetime. Results: Quit rates for the SCPs were 36% (intensive) and 22% (abbreviated) ( p = 0.199). Incremental costs per life-year gained for the SCPs were $1576 (intensive) and $1836 (abbreviated). The incremental costs per additional quit, relative to the comparator group, for the SCPs were $1217 (intensive) and $1420 (abbreviated). Discussion: Both SCPs helped smokers quit, and quit rates exceeded those reported for a comparator group that included a general population of adult smokers (~7%). The incremental costs per additional quit for both SCPs compare favourably to those reported for other initiatives such as quit lines and hospital-based interventions. Conclusion: Pharmacist-led smoking cessation programs are effective and highly cost-effective. Widespread implementation, facilitated by remuneration, has potential to lower smoking prevalence and associated costs and harms.
Beliefs, emotions, and usage of information and communication technologies in distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: Health sciences students’ perspectives
Authors: Green Gizell , Shorer Tali 
Published: October 2022

Objectives First, to examine Health Sciences students’ discipline, educational level, number of online courses taken, and emotions regarding distance learning; second, to explore a model in which information and communication technologies' (ICT) beliefs serve as mediators among ICT's emotions and ICT usage. Methods This is a cross-sectional study. Participants consisted of 210 students from the School of Health Sciences at the University. Perceptions toward ICTs in Teaching-Learning Process Scale and Computer Emotion Scale were used. Results Nursing students report significantly more ICT-related negative emotions than Management of Health Systems students. Students who took a low or medium number of online courses report significantly more ICT-related positive emotions than students who took a high number of online courses. In addition, ICT-related beliefs did not mediate the effects of ICT-related positive emotions and ICT usage but did mediate ICT-related negative emotions and ICT usage. Conclusions The digital tools in online courses should be appropriately combined with the learning method, and course content. It requires not only a solid technical foundation but also an educational mentality, as well as an adjustment period.
Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability Treated With Tendon Allografting: A Preliminary Comparison of Arthroscopic and Open Anatomic Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Yang Kai-Chiang , Chen Pei-Yu , Loh Chieh , Tzeng I-Shiang , Chang Shun-Min , Wang Chen-Chie 
Published: October 2022

Background: Roughly 30% of patients with chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) have long-lasting painful instability requiring surgical intervention. Ligament reconstruction with the traditional open method and using tendon allografts can provide sufficient mechanical stability for severe CLAI. Arthroscopic ligament reconstruction with tendon allograft has recently been introduced to treat CLAI. Purpose: In this study, we describe an arthroscopic ligament reconstruction procedure involving the use of the tendon allograft for patients with CLAI, and we compare the efficacy of this procedure with open ligament reconstruction with tendon allograft. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We enrolled 10 patients (4 men and 6 women) with CLAI (mean age, 37.3 years; range, 16-57 years) who underwent arthroscopic ligament reconstruction with tendon allografting between November 2017 and June 2019. The control group consisted of 10 patients who received open tendon allograft reconstruction. Preoperative and 2-year postoperative functional outcomes were evaluated using the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot scale (AOFAS), Karlsson Ankle Functional Score (KAFS), pain visual analog scale (VAS), 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), and Tegner activity score (TAS). Results: The mean operative time was 118 and 110 minutes in the arthroscopic and open groups, respectively. At 2-year follow-up, scores on the AOFAS improved significantly compared with preoperatively, from 71.3 to 96.4 ( P = .006) in the arthroscopic group, and from 68.6 to 96.7 ( P = .005) in the open group. The postoperative AOFAS, VAS, KAFS, and SF-12 scores did not differ significantly between the 2 groups; however, the TAS score was significantly higher in the arthroscopic reconstruction group compared with in the open group (7 vs 6.1, respectively; P = .01). Conclusion: Arthroscopic ligament reconstruction with tendon allografting resulted in sufficient ankle stability and no donor-site morbidity. This procedure can yield similar functional outcomes to open reconstruction technique and may be an option for the management of CLAI.
Responsiveness of the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale to Monitor Clinical Recovery After Concussion or Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Langevin Pierre , Frémont Pierre , Fait Philippe , Roy Jean-Sébastien 
Published: October 2022

Background: The Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) is used to assess the number and intensity of symptoms after a concussion/mild traumatic brain injury. However, its responsiveness to monitor clinical recovery has yet to be determined. Purpose: To evaluate the responsiveness of the PCSS to change and longitudinal validity in patients with persistent postconcussive symptoms as well as to explore the responsiveness of other clinical outcome measures to monitor recovery of physical symptoms in patients with persistent postconcussive symptoms. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Patients with persistent symptoms after a concussion (N = 109) were evaluated using self-reported questionnaires at baseline and after a 6-week rehabilitation program. The program consisted of an individualized symptom-limited aerobic exercise program combined with education. Questionnaires included the PCSS, Neck Disability Index (NDI), Headache Disability Inventory (HDI), Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), and Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) related to 1) neck pain and 2) headache. Internal responsiveness was evaluated using the effect size (ES) and standardized response mean (SRM), and external responsiveness was determined with the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) calculated using a receiver operating characteristic curve. The global rating of change was used as the external criterion. Pearson correlations were used to determine the longitudinal validity. Results: The PCSS was highly responsive (ES and SRM, >1.3) and had an MCID of 26.5 points (of 132) for the total score and 5.5 (of 22) for the number of symptoms. For longitudinal validity, low to moderate correlations were found between changes in PCSS and changes in NDI, HDI, and DHI. The NDI, HDI, DHI, and NPRS were also highly responsive (ES and SRM, >0.8). Conclusion: All questionnaires including the PCSS were highly responsive and can be used with confidence by clinicians and researchers to evaluate change over time in a concussion population with persistent symptoms.
A bayesian approach to model the underlying predictors of early recurrence and postoperative death in patients with colorectal Cancer
Authors: Mahmoudi Leila , Fallah Ramezan , Roshanaei Ghodratollah , Asghari-Jafarabadi Mohammad 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed at utilizing a Bayesian approach semi-competing risks technique to model the underlying predictors of early recurrence and postoperative Death in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods
In this prospective cohort study, 284 patients with colorectal cancer, who underwent surgery, referred to Imam Khomeini clinic in Hamadan from 2001 to 2017. The primary outcomes were the probability of recurrence, the probability of Mortality without recurrence, and the probability of Mortality after recurrence. The patients ‘recurrence status was determined from patients’ records. The Bayesian survival modeling was carried out by semi-competing risks illness-death models, with accelerated failure time (AFT) approach, in R 4.1 software. The best model was chosen according to the lowest deviance information criterion (DIC) and highest logarithm of the pseudo marginal likelihood (LPML).

Results
The log-normal model (DIC = 1633, LPML = -811), was the optimal model. The results showed that gender(Time Ratio = 0.764: 95% Confidence Interval = 0.456–0.855), age at diagnosis (0.764: 0.538–0.935 ), T3 stage (0601: 0.530–0.713), N2 stage (0.714: 0.577–0.935 ), tumor size (0.709: 0.610–0.929), grade of differentiation at poor (0.856: 0.733–0.988), and moderate (0.648: 0.503–0.955) levels, and the number of chemotherapies (1.583: 1.367–1.863) were significantly related to recurrence. Also, age at diagnosis (0.396: 0.313–0.532), metastasis to other sites (0.566: 0.490–0.835), T3 stage (0.363: 0.592 − 0.301), T4 stage (0.434: 0.347–0.545), grade of differentiation at moderate level (0.527: 0.387–0.674), tumor size (0.595: 0.500–0.679), and the number of chemotherapies (1.541: 1.332–2.243) were the significantly predicted the death. Also, age at diagnosis (0.659: 0.559–0.803), and the number of chemotherapies (2.029: 1.792–2.191) were significantly related to mortality after recurrence.

Conclusion
According to specific results obtained from the optimal Bayesian log-normal model for terminal and non-terminal events, appropriate screening strategies and the earlier detection of CRC leads to substantial improvements in the survival of patients.