bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prescribing habits for the use of omeprazole as a gastroprotectant in dogs in a veterinary teaching hospital
Authors: Bodnarova T. , Hall E. , Duplan F. 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesTo examine the prescribing habits for omeprazole in a veterinary teaching hospital and to evaluate the effect of a clinical audit on omeprazole prescription.Material and MethodsObservational study with retrospective clinical audit followed by a prospective study. The evaluated data about omeprazole prescription included the dose, frequency and indication. These were assessed according to published guidelines. A seminar about the audit and current guidelines on the use of omeprazole was organised for all members of clinical staff. Prospective data collection was conducted after the seminar. A comparison of the collected data before and after the clinical audit was made.ResultsA total of 301 dogs were prescribed omeprazole in the veterinary teaching hospital during the study period (including the retrospective and prospective parts). Complete data were acquired from 240 patients. The prescribed frequency of omeprazole was inappropriate in 23 (16.5%) of the prescriptions in the retrospective section but in only five (5.0%) in the prospective study. Inappropriate indications were reported in 12 (8.6%) patients in the retrospective section and in two patients (2.0%) in the prospective study. Overall inappropriate omeprazole prescription was identified in 34 (24.5%) patients in the retrospective part and in seven (6.9%) patients in the prospective part. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in frequency, indication and overall prescription of omeprazole.Clinical SignificanceThis study details the frequency of inappropriate prescription of omeprazole in a veterinary teaching hospital and provides some evidence that dissemination of guidelines based on clinical audit can improve prescribing habits.
Disability inclusion in medical education: Towards a quality improvement approach
Authors: Singh Satendra , Meeks Lisa M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe IssueThe shift to a more diverse workforce that includes physicians with disabilities has gained considerable international traction. Indeed, disability inclusion is experiencing a renaissance in medical education. However, the philosophy of disability inclusion must be adjusted from one where disabled trainees are viewed as problematic and having to ‘overcome’ disability to one where institutions anticipate and welcome disabled trainees as a normative part of a diverse community.ObservationsMost trainees with disabilities will enter an unregulated, uninformed system leaving them vulnerable to under‐accommodation, systems barriers and lack of informed support. Further, the perception of the super human good doctor creates disincentives for candidates to disclose their disability, creating structural barriers that the system needs to address. A less often discussed contributor to health care inequities is the inadequate training of health professional educators on disability rights and disability competencies. Indeed, the lack of education, coupled with minimal exposure to disability outside of the hierarchical patient‐provider relationship, perpetuates to stereotypes and biases that impact clinical care.ApproachDisability inclusion has not been reviewed through the lens of quality improvement. To close this gap, we examine the state of the science through the lens of disability inclusion and offer considerations for a quality improvement approach in medical education that addresses the global revised trilogy of World Federation for Medical Education standards of quality improvement at all three levels of education, training and practice.ConclusionWe propose a vision of systems‐based disability‐inclusive, accessible and equitable medical education using 9 of Deming's 14 points as applicable to medical education.
Protection, energetic assistance, or social perks: How do beluga offspring benefit from allocare?
Authors: Aubin Jaclyn A. , Michaud Robert , Wal Eric Vander 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAllocare, care for offspring from nonparents, can carry important benefits for offspring. We investigated the potential benefits of allocare to offspring by examining contexts associated with allocare among St. Lawrence belugas in Sainte‐Marguerite Bay, a high‐residency area, and the Saguenay Fjord, a transit area. We hypothesized that calves receive similar benefits from mothers and alloparents, namely, protection and energetic benefits, while juveniles associate with alloparents for social purposes. As such, we expected that calves would associate with mothers and alloparents more frequently when exposed to potential dangers, such as adult males and vessel traffic, and in energetically costly contexts, such as the flood tide and during travel, while juveniles would associate with alloparents more frequently during social behavior. We found no trends between allocare and any variables tested. However, we found that calf maternal care in the fjord decreased significantly during socialization, particularly calf‐calf socialization. We also found that juvenile maternal care in the fjord decreased significantly when males were present, possibly because juveniles sought associations with males. These findings emphasize the importance of socialization for beluga offspring of all ages. Both maternal care and allocare persisted across contexts in Sainte‐Marguerite Bay, highlighting its possible importance as an offspring‐rearing ground.
A gene dosage‐dependent effect unveils NBS1 as both a haploinsufficient tumour suppressor and an essential gene for SHH‐medulloblastoma
Authors: Petroni Marialaura , Fabretti Francesca , Di Giulio Stefano , Nicolis di Robilant Vittoria , La Monica Veronica , Moretti Marta , Belardinilli Francesca , Bufalieri Francesca , Coppa Anna , Paci Paola , Corsi Alessandro , De Smaele Enrico , Coni Sonia , Canettieri Gianluca , Di Marcotullio Lucia , Wang Zhao‐Qi , Giannini Giuseppe 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsInherited or somatic mutations in the MRE11, RAD50 and NBN genes increase the incidence of tumours, including medulloblastoma (MB). On the other hand, MRE11, RAD50 and NBS1 protein components of the MRN complex are often overexpressed and sometimes essential in cancer. In order to solve the apparent conundrum about the oncosuppressive or oncopromoting role of the MRN complex, we explored the functions of NBS1 in an MB‐prone animal model.Materials and methodsWe generated and analysed the monoallelic or biallelic deletion of the Nbn gene in the context of the SmoA1 transgenic mouse, a Sonic Hedgehog (SHH)‐dependent MB‐prone animal model. We used normal and tumour tissues from these animal models, primary granule cell progenitors (GCPs) from genetically modified animals and NBS1‐depleted primary MB cells, to uncover the effects of NBS1 depletion by RNA‐Seq, by biochemical characterisation of the SHH pathway and the DNA damage response (DDR) as well as on the growth and clonogenic properties of GCPs.ResultsWe found that monoallelic Nbn deletion increases SmoA1‐dependent MB incidence. In addition to a defective DDR, Nbn+/− GCPs show increased clonogenicity compared to Nbn+/+ GCPs, dependent on an enhanced Notch signalling. In contrast, full NbnKO impairs MB development both in SmoA1 mice and in an SHH‐driven tumour allograft.ConclusionsOur study indicates that Nbn is haploinsufficient for SHH‐MB development whereas full NbnKO is epistatic on SHH‐driven MB development, thus revealing a gene dosage‐dependent effect of Nbn inactivation on SHH‐MB development.
Differential oral microbiome in nonhuman primates from periodontitis‐susceptible and periodontitis‐resistant matrilines
Authors: Ebersole Jeffrey L. , Kirakodu Sreenatha , Gonzalez Octovio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRhesus monkeys (n = 36) exhibiting a healthy periodontium at baseline were used to induce progressing periodontitis through ligature placement around premolar/molar teeth. Bacterial samples were collected at baseline, 0.5, 1, and 3 months of disease and at 5 months for disease resolution. The animals were distributed into two groups (18/group): 3–7 years (young) and 12–23 years (adult) and stratified based upon matriline susceptibility to periodontitis (PDS, susceptible; PDR, resistant). A total of 444 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with 100 microbes representing a core microbiome present in ≥75% of the samples were identified. Only 48% of the major phylotypes overlapped in the PDS and PDR samples. Different OTU abundance patterns were seen in young animals from the PDS and PDR matrilines, with qualitative similarities during disease and the relative abundance of phylotypes becoming less diverse. In adults, 23 OTUs were increased during disease in PDS samples and 24 in PDR samples; however, only five were common between these groups. Greater diversity of OTU relative abundance at baseline was observed with adult compared to young oral samples from both the PDS and PDR groups. With disease initiation (2 weeks), less diversity of relative abundance and some distinctive increases in specific OTUs were noted. By 1 month, there was considerable qualitative homogeneity in the major OTUs in both groups; however, by 3 months, there was an exacerbation of both qualitative and quantitative differences in the dominant OTUs between the PDS and PDR samples. These results support that some differences in disease expression related to matriline (familial) periodontitis risk may be explained by microbiome features.
Non‐reassuring fetal status and anesthetic impact on cesarean section‐delivered very‐low‐birthweight infants
Authors: Kim Min Soo , Kim HyoYun , Seo Yumi , Yum Sook Kyung 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited evidence concerning the impact on neonatal outcomes of different types of anesthesia used for cesarean delivery due to non‐reassuring fetal status (NRFS). We aimed to assess the impact of NRFS and general anesthesia (GA) on neonatal outcomes in very‐low‐birthweight (VLBW) infants delivered by cesarean section.MethodsData were collected relating to VLBW infants admitted to our institution. Infants were grouped into no‐NRFS and NRFS groups and further subcategorized into GA and regional anesthesia (RA) subgroups. Neonatal outcomes were evaluated based on the presence of NRFS and the type of anesthesia.ResultsA total of 356 infants were included. The GA subgroup in the no‐NRFS group had higher requirements for respiratory support. However, GA was not associated with adverse neonatal outcomes based on the multivariable logistic regression analysis except for 5 min Apgar score <5. On the other hand, NRFS was associated with an increased risk of 5 min Apgar score <5 [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.062, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.064–3.997], use of high‐frequency ventilation (aOR: 2.891, 95% CI: 1.477–5.658), and pulmonary hypertension (aOR: 2.890, 95% CI: 1.436–5.819).ConclusionsIn our cohort of VLBW infants, NRFS was a significant risk factor for a low 5 min Apgar score, increased respiratory support requirement, and pulmonary hypertension. Accurate assessment of fetal well‐being, timely delivery, and presence of a resuscitation team fully aware of perinatal conditions and anesthetic impact is important.
Use and adequacy of non‐pregnancy diagnosis in cow. Which future?
Authors: Gnemmi Giovanni Maria , Maraboli Cristina Vittoria A. , Gnemmi Benedetta , Saleri Roberta , De Rensis Fabio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn cattle, early detection of gestation is very important from an economic and management point of view in all types of farming. However, due to the poor efficiency of oestrous detection, it is essential to determine non‐pregnant cows as early as possible, in order to minimize the inter‐insemination interval, thus de facto, reducing herd open days. Direct and indirect gestation diagnostic methods have been developed with the aim of improving the reproductive performance of the herd. Today, the most accurate method for making an early diagnosis of gestation from 28 to 30 days post‐insemination is B‐mode ultrasound. In recent years, indirect methods have included techniques that allow non‐pregnant cows to be identified with a minimum margin of error, the most widely utilized of which is the colour Doppler. This technique is rapidly becoming established for the diagnosis of non‐pregnancy, which allows for the identification of non‐pregnant animals earlier compared with the pregnancy diagnosis. Some limitations of this technique in dairy cow have been presented.
Risk of Legionellosis in residential areas around farms irrigating with municipal wastewater
Authors: Mori Jameson , Smith Rebecca L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe conservation of freshwater is of both global and national importance, and in the United States, agriculture is one of the largest consumers of this resource. Reduction of the strain farming puts on local surface or groundwater is vital for ensuring resilience in the face of climate change, and one possible option is to irrigate with a combination of freshwater and reclaimed water from municipal wastewater treatment facilities. However, this wastewater can contain pathogens that are harmful to human health, such as Legionella pneumophila, which is a bacterium that can survive aerosolization and airborne transportation and cause severe pneumonia when inhaled. To assess an individual adult's risk of infection with L. pneumophila from a single exposure to agricultural spray irrigation, a quantitative microbial risk assessment was conducted for a scenario of spray irrigation in central Illinois, for the growing seasons in 2017, 2018, and 2019. The assessment found that the mean risk of infection for a single exposure exceeded the safety threshold of 10–6 infections/exposure up to 1 km from a low‐pressure irrigator and up to 2 km from a high‐pressure irrigator, although no median risk exceeded the threshold for any distance or irrigator pressure. These findings suggest that spray irrigation with treated municipal wastewater could be a viable option for reducing freshwater consumption in Midwest farming, as long as irrigation on windy days is avoided and close proximity to the active irrigator is limited.
Invasion analysis of a two‐species Lotka–Volterra competition model in an advective patchy environment
Authors: Chen Shanshan , Liu Jie , Wu Yixiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we study a two‐species Lotka–Volterra competition patch model over a stream, where the individuals are subject to both random and directed movements and the two species are assumed to be identical except for the movement rates. We treat one species as the resident species and the other one as a mutant/invading species and study whether the resident species can be invaded. We also obtain the global dynamics of the model for certain parameter ranges.
Initial boundary value problem for a class of wave equations of Hartree type
Authors: Zhang Hongwei , Su Xiao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a class of wave equations of Hartree type on a bounded smooth convex domain with Dirichlet boundary condition. By applying the standard semigroup theory, we get the local existence result. Using potential well theory, we derive the condition of global existence of weak solutions. With the help of potential well theory and convexity method, we give blowup results for solutions when the initial energy is nonnegative or negative.
Peritoneal dialysis catheter insertion techniques by the nephrologist
Authors: Goh Bak Leong , Lim Christopher T. S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPeritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter is the lifeline of PD patients, and despite the overall strength of the PD program in many countries, PD catheter survival remains the major weakness of the program. The prompt and effective implantation of the PD catheter, as well as speedy management of complications arising from catheter insertion, remains crucial for the success of the program.
Where is the Land of Hope and Glory? The geography of intergenerational mobility in England and Wales*
Authors: Bell Brian , Blundell Jack , Machin Stephen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe present a new analysis of intergenerational mobility across three cohorts in England and Wales using linked decennial census microdata, focusing on occupation, homeownership, and education. Four main results emerge. First, area‐level differences in upward occupational mobility are highly persistent over time. Second, measures of absolute and relative mobility tend to be spatially positively correlated. Third, there is a robust relationship between upward educational and upward occupational mobility. Last, there is a small negative relationship between upward homeownership mobility and upward occupational mobility, revealing that social mobility comparisons based on different outcomes can have different trends.
Comparison of a commercial immunochromatographic strip crossmatch kit and standard laboratory crossmatch methods for blood transfusion compatibility in dogs
Authors: Zaremba Rebecca M. , Brooks Aimee C. , Thomovsky Elizabeth J. , Moore George E. , Johnson Paula A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate agreement between 2 standard laboratory (SL) methods and an immunochromatographic strip (ICS) method to crossmatch dogs receiving RBC transfusions. A second objective was to evaluate uninterpretable SL crossmatch results as compared to ICS in the presence of autoagglutination.DesignProspective observational study (September 2018 to October 2019).SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsForty anemic dogs receiving RBC transfusions.InterventionsNone.Measurement and Main ResultsAll dogs received DEA 1‐negative packed RBCs. Three crossmatch methods were evaluated against the same unit transfused to each dog: SL method performed at institutional laboratory (SL‐I), SL method sent to a commercial laboratory (SL‐C), and a commercially available point‐of‐care ICS method. Major and minor crossmatches were incompatible for 2.5%/7.5% of ICS tests, 82.5%/52.5% of SL‐I tests, and 52.5%/27.5% of SL‐C tests. Agreement between ICS and SL‐C major (κ = 0.05) and minor (κ = 0.02) crossmatches and between ICS and SL‐I major (κ = 0.009) and minor (κ = 0.03) crossmatches was slight. Agreement between SL‐C and SL‐I major (κ = –0.06) and minor (κ = –0.12) crossmatches was poor. Results of major and minor crossmatches were uninterpretable due to autoagglutination in 38%/38% for SL‐I and 29%/18% for SL‐C crossmatches. ICS method was interpretable for 93% (major) and 98% (minor) crossmatches. After exclusion of uninterpretable SL pairings, agreement still remained poor to slight between all tests. Only 1 of 40 dogs (2.5%; 95% confidence interval: <1.0%–13.2%) had an immediate immunological transfusion reaction.ConclusionsLack of agreement between all methodologies was noted. The high level of incompatibility predicted by SL methods despite lack of clinically relevant reactions suggests a high false incompatibility rate as compared to the ICS test. ICS testing was also able to give results more frequently in the face of autoagglutination. Further work is needed to investigate the ICS method's ability to predict clinically significant transfusion reactions.
Right auricle aneurysm in dogs can be detected with multidetector‐row CT and presents with varying morphology
Authors: Costa Arianna , Cordella Alessia , Caldin Marco , Bertolini Giovanna 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRight auricle aneurysm (RAA) has been reported to be a rare congenital or acquired condition in dogs, however published CT characteristics are limited to a small number of cases. The aim of this 13‐year, single‐center, retrospective, cross‐sectional study was to describe the prevalence and appearance of RAA in a larger group of dogs. Reports of 10,886 dogs that underwent thoracic CT examination for various reasons were reviewed. Computed tomographic data of dogs with presumed RAA (based on published imaging characteristics) were retrieved from the archive. Oblique multiplanar reformatted images were used to record RAA site, shape, and dimensions (neck, maximum height and width). Patients’ sex, age, and body weight were evaluated for any association with the presence of RAA. Presumed RAA was detected in 23/10,886 dogs having thoracic CT in the selected period of time (prevalence 0.21%). Three RAA phenotypes were described: diffuse saccular dilation in 19 of 23 dogs, focal saccular dilation in three of 23 dogs, and fusiform in one of 23 dogs. The bodyweights of dogs with presumed RAA were significantly lower than those of the remaining 10836 dogs without RAA (median 8 kg [IQR 5; range 37.6] and median 16 kg [IQR 23; range 116.9] respectively; P < 0.003. Female sex was also significantly associated with RAA (P = 0.03). Findings indicated that RAA has a low prevalence in dogs, can be detected with CT, can be present in asymptomatic dogs, and can have varying appearances. In this sample of dogs, female sex and low body weight were significantly associated with RAA.
Evaluation of LiDAR Point Clouds Density in the Interpolation of Digital Terrain Models for Power Line Planning in Northeast Brazil
Authors: Pacheco Admilson Da Penha , Centeno Jorge Antonio Silva , Silva Claudionor Ribeiro 
Published: July 2022

Mapping activities for the implementation of basic and executive projects for electric power transmission lines systematically involves topographic surveys. This study presents the results of a comparative study on the influence of the density of aerial survey points, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), for the calculation of digital terrain models (DTMs) in typical areas of the northeastern region of Brazil, in the context of modeling ground for planning electricity transmission lines. The study area is the region covered by the 230 kV Ibicoara/Brumado transmission line, located in the state of Bahia/Brazil.. In part of this region, elevations of the mountains of the Western Edge of Chapada Diamantina predominate. Therefore, points with varying densities were used to interpolate DTMs in different environments. Point cloud classification (Airborne LiDAR) was performed using the TerraScan program using semi-automatic classification methods, followed by manual refinements. To evaluate the terrain models obtained with different point densities, four areas were selected under transmission line: Area 1 (24.4/m2), Area 2 (46.0/m2), Area 3 (33.7/m2) e Area 4 (29.7/m2). The Airborne LiDAR survey was performed with an Optech ALTM Pegasus HD500 sensor, calibrated to obtain a density of 15 points/m2. The results showed that, depending on the nature of the vegetation cover, less dense laser surveys do not offer enough quality to generate DTMs. However, in some cases, when the vegetation is denser and the terrain is not flat, the quality of the DTM decreases as the density of the points decreases. The study shows that the survey density must be suitable for the region to be analyzed. An important guideline would be to repeat this study in other areas with different coverage and relief variations, in order to create specifications to serve as a basis for planning LiDAR surveys on other transmission lines.