bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective Optical Zone Following Small Incision Lenticule Extraction for Myopia Calculated With Two Novel Methods
Authors: Huang Yangyi , Ding Xuan , Han Tian , Fu Dan , Yu Zhiqiang , Zhou Xingtao 
Published: July 2022

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the effective optical zone (EOZ) following small incision lenticule extraction in myopic eyes using two novel methods and investigate factors influencing postoperative EOZ.

METHODS:
In this prospective study, 45 patients (45 eyes) with a mean spherical equivalent of −5.82 ± 1.58 diopters underwent SMILE and were observed during a 6-month follow-up. Postoperative EOZ was calculated using custom software that automatically distinguishes EOZ on the tangential curvature difference map (EOZc) and total corneal refractive power map (EOZp) of the Pentacam HR (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH). The agreement between the two methods, the difference between postoperative EOZ and programmed optical zone (POZ), and its relationship with parameters including corrected spheres, cylinders, ablation ratio (ablation depth/central cornea thickness), and Q-value change were investigated.

RESULTS:

The EOZc area was 20.76 ± 2.43 mm
2
(diameter: 5.04 ± 0.60 mm) and the EOZp area was 20.22 ± 4.70 mm
2
(diameter: 5.13 ± 0.30 mm). Both were significantly smaller than POZ (
P
< .001). Bland-Altman plots showed 4.44% (2/45) points located outside the 95% limits of agreement. EOZc and EOZp reductions were negatively related to corrected cylinders (
r
= −0.631,
P
< .001 and
r
= −0.594,
P
< .001, respectively). EOZp reduction was positively correlated with corrected spheres (
r
= 0.336,
P
= .024). Subgroup analysis revealed significant differences in EOZc and EOZp reduction between low and high astigmatism groups despite myopia degree.

CONCLUSIONS:
EOZ after incision lenticule extraction, measured using two novel methods, was smaller than POZ. The reduction of EOZ was negatively correlated with the corrected cylinders.

[
J Refract Surg.
2022;38(7):414–421.]
The Blockchain Technologies in Healthcare: Prospects, Obstacles, and Future Recommendations; Lessons Learned from Digitalization
Authors: Alhamzah F. Abbas  , Naveed Akhtar Qureshi  , Nohman Khan  , Rabia Chandio  , Javed Ali  
Published: July 2022

For today's healthcare data management systems, fundamental problems are data transparency, traceability, immutability, audit, data provenance, flexible access, trust, privacy, and security. Blockchain is a promising technology that can help to optimise healthcare data management operations by increasing data efficiency and ensuring trust. The current study examined the usefulness of blockchain technology in healthcare and the barriers to adoption. Finally, we looked at the future of blockchain technology in healthcare. The current study reviewed 53 papers and utilised the PRISMA framework 2020 to include and exclude records from the Scopus database. The VOS Viewer software is used to categorize the published literature, and the prevalence of essential terms is often used to authenticate the main themes in classifications. The current study findings indicate that Blockchain offers a wide range of applications and functions in healthcare. By allowing the transfer of patient medical information, controlling the medication supply chain, and facilitating the safe transfer of patient medical records, blockchain technology assists healthcare researchers in discovering genetic codes. Because blockchain can support novel analytics, healthcare firms may notice changes in their data in real-time, allowing them to make swift choices without human involvement
Cannabidiol (CBD) in children with drug-resistant epilepsy: An initial experience from a developing country
Authors: Chand Prem , Abbasi Ammaar Mohammad Ali , Wahid Asra , Das Jai K 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Context:
Cannabidiol (CBD), used in conjunction with other antiepileptics, is gaining interest in managing drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), which accounts for 10-20% of all childhood epilepsies worldwide.

Aims:
We highlight a first experience of using CBD amongst children with refractory epilepsy in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan and its possible effect on seizure frequency and associated adverse outcomes.

Settings and Design:
A retrospective review, conducted at a pediatric neurology outpatient clinic at the AKUH, a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.

Materials and Methods:
We assessed children with DRE who were prescribed escalating doses of CBD from June 2019 to October 2020 at Aga Khan University, Pakistan. A descriptive analysis was performed, and improvement in seizure frequency and adverse effects (as reported by caregivers) were measured.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Statistical analyses were performed using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 21.0.

Results:
CBD was prescribed to 17 patients with DRE with a mean age of 5.52 ± 0.96 years, and 15 of them were boys. The mean baseline seizure frequency was 27.65 ± 3.59 episodes per day. All patients were stabilized on antiepileptics before administration of CBD and were started at an initial dose of 10 mg/kg/day, which was subsequently escalated, where needed. Our results showed that 70.6% of children reported an improvement in seizure frequency. The mean percentage reduction in seizure frequency at 12 weeks was 68.33% ± 7.55 from baseline; seven patients reported more than 75% improvement, and two patients became completely seizure-free. Nine patients reported minimal side effects.

Conclusion:
In this initial experience, we saw an improvement in overall seizure frequency in DRE patients, with tolerable adverse outcomes. The paper highlights an initial potential of using CBD in children with DRE in an LMIC, without drawing any firm conclusions. It highlights the potential for making a bigger change for which adequately designed and powered studies would be needed in such contexts to ascertain the actual impact.
Profile of Central Nervous System Malformations in Children from a Tertiary Care Center in Southern India
Authors: Gowda Vykuntaraju K. , Sugumar Kiruthiga , Vamyanmane Dhananjaya K. , Shivappa Sanjay K. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background:
Malformations of the central nervous system (CNS) include a wide range of disorders characterized by neurodevelopmental delay and seizures. They are multifactorial in etiology. There is a lack of data in India; hence, this study was planned to study the clinical profile and type of CNS malformations in children.

Materials and Methods:
This is a retrospective chart review of CNS malformation between January 2018 and December 2018. Details of clinical and laboratory data were analyzed.

Results:
Of 110 cases, males were 65. The most common age group was 1–5 years accounting for 50%. Various clinical features were developmental delay (72), seizures (58), microcephaly (57), and dysmorphism (28). History of birth asphyxia was present in 12 cases. The various malformations were neuronal migration defects (36.36%); congenital hydrocephalus (24.54%), with aqueductal stenosis being the most common etiology; neural tube defects (13, 11.8%); and posterior fossa malformation (10 of which two were Joubert syndrome). Others were five cases of agenesis of corpus callosum, one case each of hemimegalencephaly and arteriovenous malformation, and four cases of complex mixed malformations.

Conclusion:
The most common presentation was global developmental delay and seizures. The most common malformation of CNS observed was neuronal migration defect followed by hydrocephalus. They can present as birth asphyxia.
40 Years of Pfs48/45 Research as a Transmission-Blocking Vaccine Target of Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
Authors: Sauerwein Robert W. , Plieskatt Jordan , Theisen Michael 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT.
In the early 1980s, Richard Carter was among the first researchers to identify the sexual stage-specific Pfs48/45 protein, leading to the identification of target epitopes. Carter predicted its tertiary conformation while involved in a number of studies on naturally acquired sexual stage-specific antibodies. Pfs48/45 is a cysteine-rich surface protein of sexual stages of Plasmodium falciparum that plays a critical role in male gamete fertility. Antibodies against Pfs48/45 prevent parasite development in the mosquito vector, and therefore prevent the spread of malaria in the population. Since the gene was sequenced in the early 1990s, Pfs48/45 has been considered a prime target candidate for a malaria transmission-blocking vaccine. However, major manufacturing challenges—in particular, difficulty realizing satisfactory yields of a properly folded protein for the induction of functional antibodies—delayed clinical development significantly. These challenges were met roughly 20 years later. The first clinical trial with a Pfs48/45 subunit vaccine (R0.6C) was started in the Netherlands in early 2021. The excellent contributions to the long and winding path of Pfs48/45 research by Richard Carter are well recognized and are an integrated part of his seminal contributions to unraveling Plasmodium sexual stage biology.
The Virtues and Vices of Pfs230: From Vaccine Concept to Vaccine Candidate
Authors: Duffy Patrick E. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT.
Among the Plasmodium falciparum surface antigens reported by Richard Carter and his colleagues decades ago, Pfs230 is currently the target of the most advanced candidate for a malaria transmission-blocking vaccine. First identified by its orthologue in the avian malaria parasite Plasmodium gallinaceum, the large cysteine-rich 14-domain Pfs230 antigen is displayed on the surface of gametes that emerge in the mosquito midgut. Gametes lacking Pfs230 cannot bind to red blood cells nor develop further into oocysts. Human antibodies against Pfs230 lyse gametes in the presence of complement, which largely explains serum transmission-blocking activity in Pfs230 antisera. A protein–protein conjugate vaccine that incorporates the first domain of the Pfs230 antigen induced greater serum transmission-reducing activity versus a similarly manufactured Pfs25 vaccine in U.S. trials, and is currently in phase II field trials in Mali.
Cattle-related trauma: a 10-year retrospective cohort study of patients admitted to a single tertiary trauma centre in Switzerland
Authors: Ehrhard Simone , Botte Federica , Klukowska-Rötzler Jolanta , Exadaktylos Aristomenis K. , Jakob Dominik A. 
Published: July 2022

AIMS OF THE STUDY: Switzerland is traditionally an agricultural country with more than 50,000 farms and 1.5 million registered cows. However, contemporary literature on cattle-related trauma in Switzerland remain limited. The purpose of this study was to examine injury patterns and outcomes of patients who presented to a tertiary trauma centre in Switzerland following cattle-related trauma.
METHODS: Retrospective single-centre study over a 10-year period (2012–2021) including all patients experiencing cattle-related trauma. From retrieved charts demographics, injury data, and outcomes were collected and subsequently analysed.
RESULTS: A total of 94 patients with cattle-related injuries were identified. The median age was 52 years (interquartile range [IQR] 37–63) and 75% were male. Cattle-related injuries were most frequent among farmers (73%) and were most often caused by cows (86%), followed by bulls (10%). Blunt trauma (89%) was the leading mechanism of injury including headbutt (36%), kick (35%), physical contact (20%) and trampling injury (12%). Penetrating injury occurred in 11%, all caused by headbutt. Contusions (82%) and lacerations (45%) were the leading injuries, followed by face fractures (28%), closed head trauma (19%) and chest injuries (17%). Overall, 10% of all patients had a head abbreviated injury scale (AIS) score of ≥3 and 8% had a chest AIS of ≥3. The hospital admission rate was 49% for cow-related injury vs 90% for bull-related injuries, p = 0.023. Overall, in-hospital mortality was 3% and the median length of stay was 4.5 days (IQR 3–8) among patients admitted to the hospital.
CONCLUSIONS: Cattle-related injuries in Switzerland mainly affect farmers and are associated with considerable morbidity, especially when caused by bulls. Facial fractures, head injuries and chest injuries are common, and the latter two in particular can be severe. The results of the present study can be used for the implementation of data-driven prevention measures for the safe handling of cattle in Switzerland.
FATORES MOTIVACIONAIS PARA A PRÁTICA DE CORRIDA DE RUA
Authors: Cardoso Batista Maria Geovania , Antunes dos Santos Maria Gabriela , De Paula Nagem Marcelo , Lopes de Sales José Roberto , Ramos Veloso Silva Rosângela , Mendes Amaral Giovanna , Veloso Rocha Marinho Hellen 
Published: July 2022

O presente estudo objetivou verificar os fatores motivacionais para a prática da corrida de rua. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo. A amostra foi composta por 90 praticantes de corrida de rua com idade média de 41,12 ± 12,12 anos, sendo 28 do sexo masculino e 62 do sexo feminino. Os voluntários responderam a um formulário estruturado que continham questões relacionadas aos objetivos do estudo. Análise descritiva foi utilizada para caracterizar a amostra. As variáveis categóricas foram apresentadas na forma de frequência absoluta e frequência relativa. Foi evidenciado que do total de 161 respostas, 36.35% corresponderam à outros objetivos, onde a maioria destacou a promoção de saúde, 30,43% à condicionamento físico e 20,50% emagrecimento. Outros objetivos reportados incluiram competição (4,97%), aumento da força muscular (3,11%), hipertrofia muscular (2,48%) e definição muscular (1,86%). Considerando a totalidade das respostas, 132 (81,99%) refere-se à percepção de melhora completa por parte dos voluntários, de acordo com as suas respectivas motivações. Os principais fatores motivacionais para a prática da corrida de rua relatados pelos praticantes de corrida de rua foram promoção de saúde, condicionamento físico e emagrecimento.
Palavras-chave: Corrida. Motivação. Atividade motora.
Pendidikan Agama Kristen sebagai Sebuah Usaha Menumbuhkan Sikap Toleransi
Authors: Legi Hendrik , Keriapy Frets 
Published: July 2022

Today, the rate of intolerance cases in Indonesia tends to increase. Even some cases that occur are carried out by children at school. Cases of increasing intolerance are our collective duty, in which there are parents as the first teachers of every children in the family, religious and government leaders in the social community, and teachers in this case, not only Civic Education teachers, but Christian Education teachers are obliged to take part in overcoming this problem. Christian Education teachers have succeeded in shaping the spiritual side of students, but in truth that is not enough. The success of the teacher is to be able to form spiritual, emotional, and social attitudes and to change behavior of the students. To see this, in this research, the author will use a qualitative method of description by using a literature study. This is done by the author, in order to see theoretically that Christian education must touch the realm of the public sphere to overcome this problwm. The finding obtained from this research are that it is found that Christian Religius Education must be an education that seeks tolerance in religious behavior. It starts with changing heart. Therefore, it is important for Christian Education to participate in overcoming this problem in the public sphere.AbstrakDewasa ini, tingkat kasus intoleransi di Indonesia cenderung meningkat. Bahkan beberapa kasus yang terjadi dilakukan oleh anak sekolah. Kasus intoleransi yang meningkat menjadi tugas kita bersama, yang di dalamnya ada orang tua sebagai guru pertama dari setiap naradidi di dalam keluarga, tokoh-tokoh agama dan pemerintah di lingkungan masyarakat, dan guru di lingkungan sekolah. Guru dalam hal ini, bukan hanya guru Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan, melainkan guru pendidikan Kristiani wajib untuk ambil bagian dalam mengatasi persoalan ini. Guru pendidikan Kristiani berhasil membentuk sisi rohani naradidik, namun sejatinya, itu pun belum cukup. Keberhasilan guru adalah dapat membentuk sikap rohani, emosi, sosial dan sampai pada perubahan tingkah laku. Untuk melihat hal tersebut, maka dalam penelitian ini, penulis akan menggunakan metode kualitatif deskripsi dengan menggunakan studi pustaka. Hal ini dilakukan oleh penulis, supaya dapat melihat secara teori bahwa, pendidikan Kristiani harus menyentuh ranah ruang publik untuk mengatasi persoalan ini. Hasil yang peroleh dari penelitian ini, adalah ditemukan bahwa Pendidikan Agama Kristen harus menjadi Pendidikan yang mengupayakan toleransi dalam perilaku beragama. Hal ini dimulai dari mengubah hati. Oleh karena itu, pentingnya pendidikan Kristiani untuk masuk berpartisapasi dalam mengatasi persoalan ini di dalam ruang publik.
The role of interleukin 1 in the development of human diseases: focus on Anakinra (IL-1 receptor antagonist)
Authors: Nasonov E. L. , Samsonov M. Yu. 
Published: July 2022

According to modern concepts, human immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), depending on the prevailing mechanisms of immunopathogenesis, are divided into two main categories – autoimmune and autoinflammatory.At the same time, both autoimmune and autoinflammatory mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of most IMIDs, the complex interaction of which is reflected in the polymorphism of clinical manifestations, course variants, outcomes, and therapy efficacy. It is assumed that hyperproduction of cytokines of the interleukin (IL) 1 family, which is one of the key regulators of innate immunity, determines the “crossover” between the mechanisms of autoinflammation and autoimmunity in IMIDs. Anakinra is currently used in clinical practice to suppress the pathological effects of IL-1. An analysis of the results of the clinical use of Anakinra indicates that treatment with this drug should be considered as a promising direction in the pharmacotherapy of systemic autoinflammatory diseases (SAIDs) and critical conditions in children and adults associated with the development of hyperinflammation. The main directions of the Anakinra clinical research program are presented, including: determining the place of the drug in the implementation of the "Treat to Target" strategy and personalization of therapy, primarily in patients with “resistant” (difficult-to-treat) subtype of rheumatoid arthritis and comorbid pathology, as well as with severe forms of microcrystalline arthritis; the possibility of using Anakinra to improve the early diagnosis of SAIDs in children and adults; creation of the Russian register of patients with SAIDs, who are potentially indicated for treatment with Anakinra.
Are the goals of therapy achievable in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving upadacitinib in real clinical practice?
Authors: Amirjanova V. N. , Karateev A. E. , Pogozheva E. Yu. , Filatova E. S. , Samigullina R. R. , Mazurov V. I. , Anoshenkova O. N. , Lapkina N. A. , Baranov A. A. , Grineva T. Yu. , Lila A. M. , Nasonov E. L. 
Published: July 2022

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of UPA in RA patients in real clinical practice after 3 and 6 months of therapy.Material and methods. The study included 63 RA patients with high activity of the disease. Activity was assessed according to the DAS28 (ESR), DAS28 (CR P), SDAI, CDAI; functional ability to HAQ; quality of life to the EQ-5D; disease activity according to the patient’s RAPID-3 index; the level of depression and anxiety to the HADS scale. The effectiveness of therapy was evaluated after 3 (n=45) and 6 (n=31) months of UPA therapy.Results. Remission or low activity of the disease by 3 months of therapy was achieved by most patients: remission of 69.8% of patients, low activity of the disease – 16.3% of patients. Moderate or high activity persisted in 13.9% of patients. By the 6th month of UPA therapy, the number of remissions reached 90% , low activity – 3.3%, moderate activity persisted in 6.7% of patients, high activity of the disease was not in any patient. 20% improvement in function was achieved in 71.8% of patients by the 3rd month of therapy and in 77.8% – by the 6th month of treatment; the difference in average HAQ values by the 3rd month of therapy was 0.38 points, by the 6th month – 0.58 points. After 3 months of follow-up, 31.1% of patients continued taking GC, by 6 months – 24.2%. The dose of GC was reduced from an average of 7.23 mg/d to 5.6 mg/d. The percentage of patients requiring NSAIDs decreased from 95.2% to 35.6% and 33.3%, respectively. DMARDs continued to be received by 75.6% of patients by 3 months and 69.7% by 6 months of follow-up.Conclusion. Achieving remission or low activity of the disease in patients with RA receiving UPA in real clinical practice is possible in most patients. A rapid decrease in inflammatory activity is accompanied by a significant improvement in the functional state and quality of life of patients. UPA therapy reduces the need for the use of NSAIDs and reduces the dose of GC in a third of patients.
Karl Jaspers, Siegfried Giedion, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin
Authors: Grosos Philippe 
Published: July 2022

Par-delà leurs irréductibles différences, le philosophe Karl Jaspers, l’historien d’art Siegfried Giedion et le théologien Pierre Teilhard de Chardin ont ceci de commun qu’en élaborant chacun une pensée de l’histoire, ils ont su porter attention au concept de « préhistoire ». Et ils l’ont fait à une époque où seuls les préhistoriens s’intéressaient à la question. Que nous apprennent leurs analyses ? En quoi nous permettent-elles, aujourd’hui, de remettre en question l’opposition ordinairement admise entre histoire et préhistoire ? Peut-on voir en ces pensées un appel à refonder une philosophie de l’histoire ?
Asymptomatic malaria infection impact on maternal anemia in Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Sally Obi Sadiatu , Davies W Sumner , Tiana Garrett-Cherry , Aondofa Adebe Gabriel , Ohwonigho Adjekuko Collins , Ikechukwu Nze Francis , Ann Odili-Igba , Ogirisen Felix , Dele Ajani 
Published: July 2022

Background and Purpose: Pregnant women are vulnerable due to the pregnancy-induced suppressed immunity in malaria-endemic areas. Asymptomatic malaria in pregnancy (MiP) threatens both the mother, fetus, and neonate via chronic placental malaria which impacts maternal-neonatal exchange. Some studies reported that MiP risk factors vary across locations, however, there are few studies on MiP and maternal anemia in Nigeria. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between asymptomatic placental malaria infection and maternal anemia among parturients in Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria.
Method: This study was developed with a quantitative methodology that utilized primary and secondary healthcare data from 483 subjects aged 18–49 years from four healthcare facilities between May and July 2021. The Socio-Ecological Model (SEM) framework was used to explain how parturients can achieve improved pregnancy outcome via the mobilization of multi-levels supports to enhance the compliance of parturients to malaria interventions. The research question and hypothesis were tested with the binomial logistic regression test.
Result: The findings showed a statistically significant association between placental malaria parasitemia by microscopy (PMPM), intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), and maternal anemia in the study population. Also, the study revealed that positive PMPM, use of CAM, insecticides treated net (ITN) ownership, ITN frequent use, and antenatal care (ANC) attendance were the risk factors of maternal anemia among the study population.
Conclusion: The findings of this study could inform malaria control policymaking in Asaba and Delta State on tracking and treating asymptomatic placenta malaria among underserved parturient accessing antenatal services.