bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gravitating political capital on the geo‐social divide: Duterte's populisms, electoral craft, and the “Imagined Spatiality”
Authors: Bajar Jayson Troy F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCurrent research suggests a disparity in identifying which critical themes in the political rhetoric of Duterte advantageously framed him as an appealing candidate. Structuration theory was borrowed to understand Duterte populism as being able to harness influences on individual agency and structural factors. The main thesis of this article proposes that Duterte created an “imagined spatiality” situating Filipino voters (agency) within geo‐social positions (structure) through his electoral craft gravitating on “geo‐social divide.” Using ethnographic‐content analysis, Duterte's rhetoric was studied not only focusing on his peculiar style but, at the same time, how it articulated “imagined spatiality” to cast his persona as the champion of the (marginalized) Bisayan. When put together, one can fully grasp how Duterte materializes imagined spatiality through codes that can be revealed intertextually, just as this study uncovers them with the use of structuration theory.
Should prevailing wages prevail? Re‐examining the effect of prevailing wage laws on affordable housing construction costs
Authors: Hinkel Matthew , Belman Dale 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe United States faces two parallel crises: one with affordable housing supply, and one with maintaining residential construction labour standards. Historically, issues with labour standards have been addressed on public works through prevailing wage requirements. Labor standards—while good for workers—may increase construction costs; higher costs, in turn, negatively impact low‐income families by reducing supplies of affordable housing. In this article, we re‐examine whether this trade‐off exists and, if so, its implications. We estimate that prevailing wage requirements add, at most, 6 per cent to the costs of affordable housing construction.
Mutation based approaches to the treatment of anaplastic thyroid cancer
Authors: McCrary Hilary C. , Aoki Joni , Huang Yiqing , Chadwick Barbara , Kerrigan Katie , Witt Benjamin , Hunt Jason P. , Abraham Dev 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe treatment of anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) has continued to rapidly evolve over time. Increased utilization of novel, personalized therapies based upon the tumour's somatic mutation status has recently been integrated. The aim of this case series is to describe a series of patients that underwent rapid genomic testing upon their diagnosis of ATC, allowing for the early integration of novel therapies.DesignA fast track pathway for genomic tumour analysis of patients with ATC was implemented at a single academic cancer hospital in January of 2020.PatientsAll patients were evaluated by head and neck surgery, endocrinology, and medical oncology upon diagnosis of ATC.MeasurementsGenetic work‐up was completed, which prompted a recommendation for dual BRAF/MEK inhibition with dabrafenib and trametinib for tumours with BRAF V600E mutation. For patients whose tumours were BRAF V600E wild‐type, pembrolizumab with lenvatinib was offered.ResultsA total of four patients were included in this series. Two patients (50%) had tumours that were BRAF V600E positive. Among patients that were BRAF V600E positive, both patients initiated urgent dabrafenib and trametinib dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy; with one patient demonstrating near‐complete clinical response allowing for posttreatment surgery, while the other demonstrated decreased tumour burden. Among patients who were BRAF V600E wild‐type, lenvatinib and pembrolizumab were recommended off‐label; one patient demonstrated decreased tumour burden, but developed severe pure red cell aplasia, while the other patient is demonstrating an early clinical response.ConclusionsThe integration of early genomic analysis and personalized neoadjuvant TKI therapy into the treatment of ATC can greatly benefit patient care outcomes and optimize tumour control.
Lost and Found Property: Evaluating Efforts to Resurrect and Resuscitate ‘Institutionalised Garbage’ in Post‐Colonial Zimbabwean Museums
Authors: Machiridza Lesley Hatipone , Thondhlana Thomas Panganayi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article evaluates efforts to bring to life some museum collections in Zimbabwe. Scholars have argued that the removal of objects from their social environments into museums literally kills them. The ‘heritagisation’ and ‘museualisation’ processes stand accused of killing objects. On the other hand, indigenous African communities consistently and situationally imbued their landscape with spiritual, political and social meanings. These cultural landscapes epitomise ‘living museums’ where diverse cultural objects were curated with traditional management systems. European colonialism, however, resulted in the denigration of these cultural practices. Objects which were critical for the well‐being of Africans were taken into captivity in colonial museums and eventually became ‘forgotten’ or ‘dead’. Ethnographic museums, in particular, are perceived as places of the dead and evil spirits. They are places to dump ‘garbage’ that no longer has a function in society. Post‐colonial African museums have struggled to attract and sustain local community interest. However, there is still hope to re‐ignite and sustain public interest in museum programmes. We invoke the notion of ‘living archives’ as an approach to decolonise the museum. The article appraises case studies of museum collections that have triggered immense public interest.
The ecological stage maintains preference differentiation and promotes speciation
Authors: Boughman Janette W. , Servedio Maria R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInfluential models of speciation by sexual selection posit either a single shared preference for a universal display, expressed only when males are locally adapted and hence in high condition, or that shared loci evolve population‐specific alleles for displays and preferences. However, many closely related species instead show substantial differences across categorically different traits. We present a model of secondary contact whereby females maintain preferences for distinct displays that indicate both male condition and their match to distinct environments, fostering reproductive isolation among diverging species. This occurs even with search costs and with independent preference loci targeting independent displays. Such preferences can also evolve from standing variation. Divergence occurs because condition‐dependent display and female preference depend on local ecology, and females obtain different benefits of choice. Given the ubiquity of ecological differences among environments, our model could help explain the evolution of striking radiations of displays seen in nature.
COVID‐19 in the news: The first 12 months
Authors: Jiang Feng Kevin , Hyland Ken 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe year 2020 was the year of COVID‐19. In this paper we seek to identify the changing concerns of the international press to unfolding events of the COVID pandemic throughout 2020. Based on a 12.3‐million‐word corpus, we explore keyword nouns and verbs and frequent noun phrases to understand the central concerns of the public reflected in its news media. Results show that news in the early months was dominated by the symptoms of the virus, with items relating to controlling the disease such as guidelines, protocols and, eventually, vaccine, becoming increasingly prominent. Dominant keyword verbs base, infect, and announce concerned different activities associated with reporting the pandemic. This corpus‐assisted linguistic description helps guide our reading of the changing public interest in the pandemic.
Illustrating a narrative: A test of game elements in game‐like personality assessment
Authors: Harman Jason L. , Brown Kayla D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIncorporating game elements into personality assessment has the potential to address several common criticisms of personality measures. Game‐like personality measures accomplished this by creating a narrative text‐based fantasy game where players' choices throughout the game are used to measure the big five personality factors. The current work tests the addition of a second game element to these narrative measures, namely graphics. A between subjects' experiment with participants playing either the original text‐based game or the illustrated game shows no differences in personality measurement. Participant reactions were more positive to the game than to a traditional personality inventory, but the addition of graphics did not change participant reactions to the game.
Split accessory pathway potentials in a patient with antidromic AVRT
Authors: Liu Weizhuo , Gu Wentao , Luo Xinping , Li Jian , Xiong Nanqing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionAccessory pathway potential often indicates a highly effective ablation target in Wolff‐Parkinson‐White syndrome.MethodsA 27‐year‐old female presenting with palpitation underwent an electrophysiology study, who had mild pre‐excitation in surface ECG.ResultsAn accessory pathway with weak anterograde conduction was found. During isoproterenol infusion, the delta wave became prominent, an antidromic AV reentrant tachycardia was then induced. When the pathway was mapped, widely split double pathway potentials were observed at the 12 o'clock site of the tricuspid annulus during mild pre‐excitation, demonstrating an example of intra‐pathway conduction delay. Ablation at the site caused accelerated pathway rhythm and eliminated the pathway, rendering the tachycardia noninducible.ConclusionSplit pathway potentials can reflect slow conduction in patients with preexcitation.
4‐octyl Itaconate inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced osteoarthritis via activating Nrf2 signalling pathway
Authors: Zhang Qingchen , Bai Xiaohui , Wang Rongrong , Zhao Hao , Wang Lili , Liu Jingwen , Li Ming , Chen Zheng , Wang Zejun , Li Lianxin , Wang Dawei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSmall molecule drug intervention for chondrocytes is a valuable method for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). The 4‐octyl itaconate (OI) is a cellular derivative of itaconate with sound cell permeability and transformation rate. We attempted to confirm the protective role of OI in chondrocytes and its regulatory mechanism. We used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce chondrocyte inflammation injury. After the OI treatment, the secretion and mRNA expression of Il‐6, Il‐10, Mcp‐1 and Tnf‐α were detected by ELISA and qPCR. The protective effect of OI on articular cartilage was further verified in surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus model of OA. Cell death and apoptosis were evaluated based on CCK8, LDH, Typan blue staining, Annexin V and TUNEL analyses. The small interfering RNAs were used to knockout the Nrf2 gene of chondrocytes to verify the OI‐mediated Nrf2 signalling pathway. The results revealed that OI protects cells from LPS‐induced inflammatory injury and attenuates cell death and apoptosis induced by LPS. Similar protective effects were also observed on articular cartilage in mice. The OI activated Nrf2 signalling pathway and promoted the stable expression and translocation of Nrf2 into the nucleus. When the Nrf2 signalling pathway was blocked, the protective effect of OI was significantly counteracted in chondrocytes and a mouse arthritis model. Both itaconate and its derivative (i.e., OI) showed important medical effects in the treatment of OA.
Depth profiling of epidermal hydration inducing improvement of skin roughness and elasticity: in vivo study by confocal Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Lee Hyo Jin , Park Sae Rom , Kwon Dah In , Park Myeong Sam , Lim Doo Hyeon 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionSkin hydration in the stratum corneum plays an important role in skin condition, and skin efficacy properties are influenced by its hydration level. However, few studies have identified the correlation between changes in skin hydration content and skin characteristics by skin depth level.AimsThis study aims to determine how changes in skin hydration at specific depth levels affect skin condition by long‐term tracking changes in hydration of stratum corneum and viable epidermis after usage of moisturizer.MethodsTen volunteers were recruited and subjected to in vivo confocal Raman spectroscopy to perform water content profiling at skin depths of up to 52 μm. Mechanical properties of skin were measured using Cutometer and Antera 3D. Skin‐elasticity and roughness values observed before and after 15 days of moisturizing emulsion use were compared to demonstrate the correlation between observed changes in skin efficacy parameters and skin water content at specific depths.ResultsSignificant increase in relative water content at specific depths was observed in this study. Among mechanical properties of skin, only R4, R6, and R8 parameters demonstrated significant changes. Additionally, rates of change in values of the R6 and R8 parameters revealed a high correlation with water content changes at viable epidermis depths below the stratum corneum. On the other hand, skin roughness parameter showed a correlation with water content changes at the outermost layer of stratum corneum.ConclusionResults of this study indicate that skin elasticity is influenced by its hydration level at viable epidermis depths and skin roughness at stratum corneum each. This suggests that monitoring depth profiles of water content using in vivo confocal Raman spectroscopy provides a breakthrough in tracking the skin efficacy effect of topically applied substances.
OsMADS14 and NF‐YB1 cooperate in the direct activation of OsAGPL2 and Waxy during starch synthesis in rice endosperm
Authors: Feng Tingting , Wang Lili , Li Laiyun , Liu Yuan , Chong Kang , Theißen Günter , Meng Zheng 
Published: January 2022

Summary

Starch synthesis makes a dramatic contribution to the yield and nutritional value of cereal crops. Although several starch synthesis enzymes and related regulators have been reported, the underlying regulatory mechanisms of starch synthesis remain largely unknown.

OsMADS14 is a FRUITFULL (FUL)‐like MADS‐box gene in rice (Oryza sativa). Here we show that two null mutations of OsMADS14 result in a shrunken and chalky grain phenotype. It is caused by obviously defective compound starch granules and a significantly reduced content of both total starch and amylose in the endosperm.

Transcriptomic profiling analyses revealed that the loss‐of‐function of OsMADS14 leads to significantly downregulated expression of many core starch synthesis genes, including OsAGPL2 and Waxy. Both in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrate that the OsMADS14 protein directly binds to stretches of DNA with a CArG‐box consensus in the putative regulatory regions of OsAGPL2 and Waxy. Protein–protein interaction experiments also suggest that OsMADS14 interacts with nuclear factor NF‐YB1 to promote the transcription of OsAGPL2 and Waxy.

Our study thus demonstrates that OsMADS14 plays an essential role in the synthesis of storage starch and provides novel insights into the underlying molecular mechanism that may be used to improve rice cultivars by molecular breeding.
Effects of glaucoma on detection and discrimination of image blur
Authors: Bham Habiba A , Denniss Jonathan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeBlur is one of the most commonly reported visual symptoms of glaucoma, but it is not directly measured by current clinical tests. We aimed to investigate the effects of glaucoma on detection and discrimination of image blur.MethodsParticipants were people with glaucoma, separated into two groups with (n = 15) or without (n = 17) central visual field defects measured by 10–2 perimetry, and an age‐similar control group (n = 18). First, we measured contrast detection thresholds centrally using a 2‐interval forced choice procedure. We then measured blur detection and discrimination thresholds for the same stimuli (reference blurs 0, 1 arcmin) using a 2‐alternative forced choice procedure under two contrast conditions: 4× individual detection threshold for the low contrast condition; 95% contrast for the high contrast condition. The stimulus was a horizontal edge bisecting a hard‐edged circle of 4.5° diameter. Data were analysed by linear mixed modelling.ResultsContrast detection thresholds for the glaucoma group with central visual field defects were raised by 0.01 ± 0.004 (mean ± SE, Michelson units) (p = 0.002) and by 0.01 ± 0.004 (p = 0.03) relative to control and glaucoma without central visual field defect groups, respectively. Blur detection and discrimination thresholds were similar between groups, with small elevations in blur detection thresholds in the glaucoma groups not reaching statistical significance (detection p = 0.29, discrimination p = 0.91). The lower contrast level increased thresholds from the higher contrast level by 1.30 ± 0.10 arcmin (p < 0.001) and 1.05 ± 0.10 arcmin (p < 0.001) for blur detection and discrimination thresholds, respectively.ConclusionsEarly‐moderate glaucoma resulted in only minimal elevations of blur detection thresholds that did not reach statistical significance in this study. Despite the prevalence of blur as a visual symptom of glaucoma, psychophysical measurements of blur detection or discrimination may not be good candidates for development as clinical tests for glaucoma.
Role of Purkinje‒muscle junction in early ventricular fibrillation in a porcine model: Beyond the trigger concept
Authors: Anderson Robert D. , Massé Stéphane , Asta John , Lai Patrick F.H. , Chakraborty Praloy , Azam Mohammed Ali , Downar Eugene , Nanthakumar Kumaraswamy 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe role of the Purkinje network in triggering ventricular fibrillation (VF) has been studied; however, its involvement after onset and in early maintenance of VF is controversial.AimWe studied the role of the Purkinje‒muscle junctions (PMJ) on epicardial–endocardial activation gradients during early VF.MethodsIn a healthy, porcine, beating‐heart Langendorff model [control, n = 5; ablation, n = 5], simultaneous epicardial–endocardial dominant frequent mapping was used (224 unipolar electrograms) to calculate activation rate gradients during the onset and early phase of VF. Selective Purkinje ablation was performed using Lugol's solution, followed by VF re‐induction and mapping and finally, histological evaluation.ResultsEpicardial activation rates were faster than endocardial rates for both onset and early VF. After PMJ ablation, activation rates decreased epicardially and endocardially for both onset and early VF [Epi: 9.7 ± 0.2 to 8.3 ± 0.2 Hz (p <.0001) and 10.9 ± 0.4 to 8.8 ± 0.3 Hz (p < .0001), respectively; Endo: 8.2 ± 0.3 Hz to 7.4 ± 0.2 Hz (p < .0001) and 7.0 ± 0.4 Hz to 6.6 ± 0.3 Hz (p = .0002), respectively]. In controls, epicardial–endocardial activation rate gradients during onset and early VF were 1.7 ± 0.3 Hz and 4.5 ± 0.4 Hz (p < .001), respectively. After endocardial ablation of PMJs, these gradients were reduced to 0.9 ± 0.3 Hz (onset VF, p < .001) and to 2.2 ± 0.3 Hz (early VF, p <.001). Endocardial–epicardial Purkinje fiber arborization and selective Purkinje fiber extinction after only endocardial ablation (not with epicardial ablation) was confirmed on histological analysis.ConclusionsBeyond the trigger paradigm, PMJs determine activation rate gradients during onset and during early maintenance of VF.
The impact of turnout on partisan bias in U.S. House elections, 1972–2018*
Authors: Tamas Bernard , Johnston Ron , Pattie Charles 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivePartisan bias occurs when votes are distributed across districts in such a way that even if the vote between two parties were equal, one party would win more seats than the other. Gerrymandering is a well‐established cause of partisan bias, but it is not the only one. In this article, we ask whether the decline of voter turnout can also influence partisan bias.MethodsWe modified the Gelman–King partisan symmetry measure to make it sensitive to turnout differences across U.S. House elections from 1972 to 2018.ResultsWe found that turnout variation has caused partisan bias in U.S. House elections in the Democratic Party's favor since at least 1972, though turnout bias has gotten weaker in recent elections.ConclusionWhile turnout bias can buffer the impact of turnout reductions, it has the potential to dramatically increase the number of seats a party loses when its supporters fail to vote.
Higher classification of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) inferred from molecular phylogeny and their endosymbionts
Authors: Choi Jinyeong , Lee Seunghwan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae, Rhizoecidae and Xenococcidae) are important organisms for understanding processes of evolution, especially microbial symbiotic systems and interactions with host plants. Molecular phylogenetic trees were reconstructed for 128 species of mealybug using DNA fragments of eight loci, namely a mitochondrial (COI), nuclear ribosomal RNA (18S and 28S D2 and D10) and nuclear protein‐encoding genes (EF‐1α 5′ and 3′, Dynamin and wingless). In addition, data on the types of obligate endosymbionts were used to test the monophyly of major groups resulting from this molecular phylogeny. Based on the data from DNA sequences, morphology and obligate endosymbionts, we present a phylogeny supporting the families Rhizoecidae and Xenococcidae separate from Pseudococcidae, and the separation of Rastrococcus Ferris from Phenacoccinae and Pseudococcinae. Consequently, Rastrococcus is excluded from Phenacoccinae and elevated to subfamily Rastrococcinae subfam. nov. We also found support for Putoidae as a family distinct from the true mealybugs. Phenacoccus rubicola Kwon, Danzig & Park is transferred to Coccura Šulc.
Decision‐making tips for patients with dementia
Authors: Worthington Roger P. , Tunnell Richard , Arora Amit 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhen patients with advanced dementia lose capacity to make medical decisions for themselves, a ‘best interests’ determination is usually made on their behalf by the responsible clinician. Where possible, this should be made in consultation with members of the multiprofessional team and the family, consistent with ethical and legal norms. This paper is about multidisciplinary approaches to education and practice in dementia care, using a framework.ApproachAt a UK multiprofessional workshop in 2020, delegates discussed ethical and legal issues that arise when making decisions for patients with advanced dementia. After an initial presentation, providing context and background, delegates broke into small groups. They were tasked with responding to questions arising from anonymised cases based on real‐life scenarios. During plenary discussion afterwards, feedback was shared, and points of best practice were discussed. The authors took notes, and following positive evaluations after the event, they did further work on the framework with the intention of making it available for other health care professionals and clinical educators.EvaluationBased on contemporaneous notes summarising the feedback, plus further reflections, the framework was developed into a 12‐point plan to assist health care teams and educators address difficulties in making ‘best interests’ determinations.ImplicationsPromoting understanding of ethics and law pertaining to ‘best interests’ should benefit patients and families, with the potential to reduce the need for cases to be decided in court. To help promote good clinical practice, educators may want to consider running case‐based workshops at their institution, using the framework as a scaffold for learners.