bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial-Intelligence and Machine-Learning Technique for Corrosion Mapping
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: February 2022

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 202801, “Automated Corrosion Mapping AI and Machine Learning,” by Marc Majors and Travis Harrington, Occidental, and Eric Ferguson, Abyss Solutions, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
The complete paper discusses risk reduction and increased fabric-maintenance (FM) eﬃciency using artiﬁcial-intelligence (AI) and machine-learning (ML) algorithms to analyze full-facility imagery for atmospheric corrosion detection and classiﬁcation. With this tool, a comprehensive and objective analysis of a facility’s health is achievable in a matter of weeks from the time of data collection. This application of AI and ML is a novel approach aimed at gaining a comprehensive understanding of facility-coating integrity and external corrosion threats.

Introduction
Atmospheric corrosion is the most-signiﬁcant asset-integrity threat in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). Oﬀshore facilities require constant inspection and FM—and the signiﬁcant ﬁnancial obligation of these activities—to stay ahead of rapid equipment degradation.
In general, regulatory codes in the GOM require a visual inspection of pressure equipment and piping on a 5-year frequency at minimum. A common approach is to inspect 20% of the facility per year, with a rolling 5-year inspection plan, to balance the inspection work through time. As a result, in a 5-year inspection cycle, the owner or operator of the facility will not see the condition of the piping or equipment for the 4 years between inspection cycles. Considering the complexity, high areas, overwater, and other diﬃcult-to-inspect areas, gathering data for inspection can be costly and time-consuming and can yield a variable quality of results.
An eﬀective asset-integrity program requires full visibility of asset and equipment condition. Prioritizing areas for nondestructive examination (NDE) on high-consequence equipment and piping allows for eﬀective risk reduction and FM planning. To that end, AI and ML are being harnessed to detect, classify, quantify, and report the condition of piping and equipment in the GOM.
At-Bit Virtual Neutron Log Estimated from Real-Time Drilling Data
Authors: Arnø Mikkel , Godhavn John-Morten , Aamo Ole Morten 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Neutron log is an important tool for lithology classification. In combination with the density log, it can be used to determine clay content, gas content and shaliness of a lithology. Combined with several logging while drilling (LWD) logs, a precise understanding of subsurface lithology can be achieved. However, logs are mounted some distance behind the bit. A deep neural network (DNN) architecture is used to estimate an at-bit virtual neutron log from drilling parameters. The DNN is trained on historical data from wells on a field operated by Equinor, resulting in a baseline model. Using delayed neutron log measurements, continuously supervising updates to the model is possible during operation. This configuration allows correcting for conditions that are different for every case, such as equipment used, bit wear, friction and well trajectory. The method is validated and tested on separate wellbores, unseen during training. Results are compared between the continuously updating model and the baseline model, where it can be seen that the updating model performs much better. The deviation from measured neutron log is significantly reduced using the updating system compared to the baseline model. Also, plots with true and estimated neutron log reveal that the updating model rapidly adapts to the case-specific conditions of the presented datasets and to a larger extent captures main trends. The system performance indicates that this approach could be used to give preliminary estimates of at-bit neutron, eliminating the delay due to the neutron log tool placement. To the best of our knowledge, a continuously updating system for at-bit neutron log estimation has not been presented before. This kind of approach is believed to increase generalizability, so that the model performs well on a wider range of cases.
Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Severe Preeclampsia with Neurologic Features versus Controls
Authors: Sterrett Mary E , Austin Brittany , Barnes Ryan , Chang Eugene 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Optic nerve sheath diameters (ONSD) have been validated as an accurate screening tool to detect elevated intracranial pressure in hypertensive encephalopathy. The neurologic manifestations of preeclampsia and/or eclampsia mimic those of hypertensive encephalopathy. This study was performed to assess the incidence of elevated optic nerve sheath diameters of patients with severe preeclampsia and neurologic criteria compared to non-preeclamptic patients. The secondary objective was to determine baseline optic nerve sheath diameters in patients with severe preeclampsia without neurologic criteria and preeclampsia without severe features. Methods: Single site cohort study including 62 pregnant women 18 years or older and 20 weeks or further gestation. Patients with preeclampsia without severe features, preeclampsia with severe features by non-neurologic criteria, preeclampsia with severe features with neurologic criteria, and patients without preeclampsia were enrolled via convenience sampling. One blinded reviewer measured sheath diameters; baseline demographics and pregnancy data were collected by chart review. Statistical analysis was completed with STATA/IC 16. Categorical variables were compared by the χ2 test. Continuous variables were presented as mean ± standard deviation, and discrete variables were presented as medians and compared by Kruskal-Wallis testing. Normality was confirmed by Shapiro-Wilk testing. Linear and logistic regression were used to test the association between the preeclampsia groups and optic nerve sheath diameters. Models were presented as unadjusted and adjusted for BMI, gestation, hypertension, diabetes, parity, and gravidity.Results: The incidence of optic nerve sheath diameters >5.8 mm was 43.8% in the severe preeclampsia with neurologic features cohort, and 42.1% in the control cohort, with a relative risk of 1.04. Patients with severe preeclampsia without neurologic features had sheath diameters of 5.75 mm +/- 1.09 mm; non-severe preeclampsia patients had sheath diameters of 5.54 mm +/- 1.26 mm.Conclusions: We did not find a significant elevated optic nerve sheath diameter relative risk between severe preeclampsia patients with neurologic features and non-preeclampsia control patients. This is the first study to assess a North American population utilizing ACOG criteria for severe and non-severe preeclampsia, with severe cohorts additionally stratified by neurologic criteria.
Addressing the COVID-19 pandemic challenges for operational adaptations of a a cluster randomized controlled trial on dengue vector control in Malaysia
Authors: SAADATIAN-ELAHI Mitra , Alexander Neal , Möhlmann Tim , Ariffin Farah Diana , Schmitt Frederic , Richardson Jason H. , Rabilloud Muriel , Hamid Nurulhusna Ab 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic placed an unprecedented overload on healthcare system globally. With all medical resources being dedicated to contain the spread of the disease, the pandemic may have impacted the burden of other infectious diseases such as dengue, particularly in countries endemic for dengue fever. Indeed, the co‐occurrence of COVID‐19 made dengue diagnosis challenging because of some shared clinical manifestations between the two pathogens. Furthermore, the sudden emergence and novelty of this global public health crisis has forced the suspension or slow-down of several research trials due to the lack of sufficient knowledge on how to handle the continuity of research trials during the pandemic. We report on challenges we have faced during the COVID-19 pandemic and measures that were implemented to continue the iDEM project (intervention for Dengue Epidemiology in Malaysia). Methods: This randomized controlled trial aims to assess the effectiveness of Integrated Vector Management (IVM) on the incidence of dengue in urban Malaysia by combining: targeted outdoor residual spraying (TORS), deployment of auto-dissemination devices (ADDs), and active community engagement (CE). Our operational activities started on February 10, 2020, a few weeks before the implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions to contain the spread of COVID-19 in Malaysia. Results: The three main issues affecting the continuity of the trial were: ensuring the safety of field workers during the interventions; ensuring the planned turnover of TORS application and ADD deployment and services; and maintaining the CE activities as far as possible. Conclusions: Even though the pandemic has created monumental challenges, we ensured the safety of field workers by providing complete personal protective equipment and regular COVID-19 testing. Albeit with delay, we maintained the planned interval time between TORS application and ADDs services by overlapping the intervention cycles instead of having them in a sequential scheme. CE activities continued remotely through several channels (e.g., phone calls and text messages). Sustained efforts of the management team, significant involvement of the Malaysian Ministry of Health and a quick and smart adaptation of the trial organisation according to the pandemic situation were the main factors that allowed the successful continuation of our research.
APEX1 regulates alternative splicing of key tumorigenesis genes in non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Peng Li , Liu Yuwei , Chen Jing , Cheng Mengxin , Wu Ying , Chen Min , Zhong Ya , Shen Dan , Chen Ling , Ye Xujun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Aberrant alternative splicing (AS) contributes to tumor progression. Previous studies have shown that apurinic-apyrimidinic endonuclease-1 (APEX1) is involved in tumor progression. It is unknown whether APEX1 functions in tumor progression by regulation of AS. It is also unknown whether APEX1 can regulate non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) proliferation and apoptosis. We analyzed APEX1 expression levels in 517 lung NSCLC samples from the TCGA (Cancer Genome Atlas) database. The impact of APEX1 over expression on A549 cell proliferation and apoptosis was detected by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay and by flow cytometry. The transcriptome of A549 cells with and without APEX1 over expression was determined by Illumina sequencing, followed by analysis of AS. RT-qPCR validated APEX1 in A549 cells. We have successfully applied RNA-seq technology to demonstrate APEX1 regulation of AS.
Results
APEX1 expression was shown to be upregulated in NSCLC samples and to reduce cell proliferation and induce apoptosis of A549 cells. Furthermore, APEX1 regulated AS of key tumorigenesis genes involved in cancer proliferation and apoptosis within the MAPK and Wnt signaling pathways. Each of these pathways are involved in lung cancer progression. Validated AS events regulated by APEX1 were in key tumorigenesis genes; AXIN1 (axis inhibition protein 1), GCNT2 (N-acetyl glucosaminyl transferase 2), and SMAD3 (SMAD Family Member 3). These genes encode signaling pathway transcription regulatory factors.
Conclusions
We found that increased expression of APEX1 in NSCLC was an independent prognostic factor related to tumor progression. Therefore, APEX1 regulation of AS may serve as a molecular marker or therapeutic target for NSCLC treatment.
The Role of DPAS in Improve the Efficacy of FNA in Detection of Breast Lumps.
Authors: Idris Alkhair Abd Almahmoud , Suliman Ahmed Abdelbadie Mohamed , Adam Elsadig Ahmed , Husain Nazik Almalika Obeid Seid Ahmed 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background:Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA) has become an essential, critical preoperative and screening test for breast masses. ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the role of Diastase-Resistant Periodic Acid Schiff (DPAS) in improving the efficacy of FNA in the detection of cytological changes in breast lumps.Methods:This prospective cross-sectional study carried out in Khartoum state (Sudan), among Sudanese women who suffered from breast lumps. FNA samples were collected from each patient, and the material was simultaneously smeared onto two labeled glass slides..DPAS score and AC grade were expressed as mean±SD, and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the means were calculated. Results: The findings revealed that the DPAS scores were found as follows; negative (±) 28(13.9%), one plus (+) 114(56.7%), two plus (++) 27(13.4%) and three-plus (+++) 32(15.9%).The analysis of DPAS scores versus the cytological categories (cytology results) revealed that DPAS positivity (++, +++) correlated best with malignancy. Out of the two hundred and one patient's Aspiration cytology (AC) grades among studied women according to the International Academy of Cytology (IAC) system were found as follows; AC2 30(14.9%), AC3 112(55.7%), AC4 27(13.4%) and AC5 32(15.9%).Eleven cases were upgraded from suspicious of malignancy in AC4 to malignant on AC5. On the others hand, there was a statistically significant association between aspiration cytology grades and cytology results, malignant findings significantly associated with AC grade 5.Conclusions:DPAS positivity within atypical cells in FNA aspirates may assist in upgrading from a suspicious to a malignant diagnostic result.
Channel structure selection in a competitive supply chain under consideration of marketing effort strategy
Authors: Li Mingxia , Chen Kebing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We study the optimal decisions of a supplier in terms of channel structure selection and marketing effort strategy when facing a competitor offering substitutable products. By employing game theoretic models for different retail competition scenarios, we show that equilibrium channel structures are primarily determined by the intensity of retail competition along with the marketing effort level. Channel structure selection and marketing effort strategy are interdependent and interactive. Our results show that the supplier has an incentive to make marketing effort and sell products directly to consumers in most cases. When the retail competition becomes fiercer, the supplier can benefit from selecting a distribution strategy based on customers' sensitivity to the supplier's marketing effort. In contrast, the supplier selling products through the downstream retailer will not make marketing effort under certain market conditions (e.g., low competition and high customer sensitivity to the supplier's effort performance), while the competitor adopts the direct-sales strategy. Generally, the supplier will prefer making marketing effort relative to undertaking product distribution. Finally, we also examine the strategic effects of channel structure selection and marketing effort decisions on the competitor's profit in the retail competition market.
Clustering of Lifestyle and Health Behaviours in Australian Children and Their Relationship with Obesity, Self-Rated Health and Quality of Life
Authors: Ahmad Kabir , Keramat Syed Afroz , Ormsby Gail M. , Kabir Enamul , Khanam Rasheda 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective
This study identifies the clustering of lifestyle and health behaviours in a nationally representative sample of Australian children and adolescents and explores the association of the clusters with obesity, self-rated health and quality of life.
Methods
The study participants were 3127 children aged 14/15 years who participated in the 8th Wave of the birth cohort of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC). A latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted to identify clusters on the basis of the following health behaviours: physical activity, sedentary behaviour, alcohol consumption, smoking, diet, eating disorders, sleep problems, and weight-gain consciousness. Obesity, self-rated general health, and pediatric health related to quality of life were used in this study to compare the latent groups. Multinomial logistic regression was used to investigate the association among LCA clusters and health outcome variables.
Results
Based on the lifestyle and health behaviour characteristics, latent class analysis found better model fits for identifying distinct clusters among male and female children separately, rather than all children. The study identified five clusters for male children: healthy lifestyle cluster (n = 624, 38.9%), temperate cluster (n = 440, 27.4%), physically inactive cluster (n = 73, 4.6%), mixed lifestyle cluster (n = 347, 21.6%) and multiple risk factor cluster (n = 122, 7.6%). For female children, this study found following four clusters: healthy lifestyle cluster (n = 659, 43.3%), temperate cluster (n = 558, 36.7%), mixed lifestyle cluster (n = 63, 4.2%) and multiple risk factor cluster (n = 241, 15.8%). Children from the healthy lifestyle and temperate clusters reported low and moderately active health risk behaviours, respectively; mixed lifestyle or multiple risk factor clusters showed higher negative association on health-related quality of life score compared to healthy lifestyle clusters for both male and female children.
Conclusion
This current study identifies sex-segregated discernible patterns of lifestyle and health behaviours in Australian adolescents. The study findings lead to an improved classification strategy for children with different lifestyles and health related behaviours to identify characteristics of the vulnerable groups in relation to obesity, general health status and quality of life.
Phytoaccumulation of Zinc and its associated impact on the growth performance and tolerance index of six bioenergy crop plants grown in Zn-contaminated soil
Authors: Osman Hanan El-Sayed Mohamed , Quronfulah Afnan Sami , ElMorsy Mohamed , Galal  
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Crop plant remediation and reclamation of Zn-contaminated soils may pose a serious threat to food safety and thus human health. As a result, the current study was carried out to assess the capability of six bioenergy crop plants (BCP): Zea mays hybrid 360, Z. mays hybrid 123, Helianthus annus , Brassica juncea , Ricinus communis , and Simmondsia chinensis to remediate and restore Zn-contaminated soils. The investigated plants can tolerate 150 mg kg -1 Zn content of the soil, where they had tolerance index (TI) > 1 for all growth criteria, except the root dry weight (DW) of S. chinensis . Z. mays T123 and R. communis were the most susceptible plants, while B. juncea and S. chinensis were moderately tolerant, and H. annus was the most tolerant to high Zn-concentrations. Increasing the soil Zn-content led to a significant ( p < 0.05 ) increase in the concentration of Zn in the different tissues of the six BCP. The study BCP did not translocate Zn to their grains/seeds, and consequently they can be used safely in Zn phytoremediation from Zn-contaminated soils. The root and shoot Zn-content was negatively correlated with the TI of the root and shoot length and weight, while the TF of Zn from root to shoot was significantly proportional to the TI of the root length and weight. According to phytoremediation efficiency, the six study BCP were arranged as follow: B. juncea (31.9%) > Z. mays T123 (31.1%) > Z. mays T360 (27.6%) > H. annus (20.8%) > S. chinensis (20.3%) > R. communis (15.3%). All tested BCP had high Zn concentrations in their roots and shoots, a high Zn uptake potential, and a high biomass at 150–450 mg kg -1 Zn treatments, indicating that these plants are good candidates for the implementation of new strategy of cultivating BCP for phytoremediation in Zn-contaminated soils.
Early decompression promotes motor recovery after cervical spinal cord injury in rats with chronic cervical spinal cord compression
Authors: Furuya Takeo , Okimatsu Sho , Miura Masataka , Shiratani Yuki , Yunde Atsushi , Inoue Takaki , Maki Satoshi , Ohtori Seiji 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe number of elderly patients with spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormalities (SCIWORA) has been increasing in recent years and is true of most cervical spinal cord injuries. There is no agreement on the efficacy of decompression in these populations. However, basic research has shown the effectiveness of early decompression after spinal cord injury on the spinal cord without stenosis; no studies have reported the efficacy of decompression in models with spinal cord compressive lesions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of decompression surgery after mild spinal cord injury in rats with chronic spinal cord compressive lesions.MethodsA water-absorbent polymer sheet (Aquaprene DX, Sanyo Chemical Industries) was inserted dorsally into the 4-5th cervical sublaminar space in 8-week-old Sprague Dawley rats to create a rat model with a chronic spinal compressive lesion. At the age of 16 weeks, 30 mildly myelopathic or asymptomatic rats with a Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan score (BBB score) of 19 or higher were subjected to spinal cord compression injuries. The rats were divided into three groups: an immediate decompression group (decompress immediately after injury), a sub-acute decompression group (decompress one week after injury), and a non-decompression group. Behavioral and histological evaluations were performed four weeks after the injury.ResultsAt 20 weeks of age, the BBB score and FLS (Forelimb Locomotor Scale) of both the immediate and the sub-acute decompression groups were significantly higher than those of the non-decompression group. There was no significant difference between the immediate decompression group and the sub-acute decompression group. TUNEL (transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling) staining showed significantly fewer positive cells in both decompression groups compared to the non-decompression group. LFB (Luxol fast blue) staining showed significantly more demyelination, and GAP-43 (growth associated protein-43) staining tended to show fewer positive cells in the non-decompression group.ConclusionsDecompression surgery in the acute or sub-acute phase of injury is effective after mild spinal cord injury in rats with chronic compressive lesions. There was no significant difference between the immediate decompression and sub-acute decompression groups.
A Novel environmental nano-catalyst of zeolite amended with carbon nanotube/silver nanoparticles decorated carbon paste electrode for electro-oxidation of propylene glycol
Authors: Abdel-Gawad Soha , Fekry Amany 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A novel environmental nano-catalyst based on zeolite (ZE) adjusted with carbon nanotube (CNT)/silver nanoparticles (AgNPS) ornamented carbon paste electrode (CPE) is used for electrochemical oxidation of propylene glycol (PG) in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. The techniques like cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are utilized to achieve the catalytic performance. Surface characteristics are achieved by means of Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) techniques. Enhancing the loading magnitude of CNT into catalyst's ingredient can meaningfully develop the catalytic activity of the electrocatalyst towards propylene oxidation. The impact of altering the concentration of propylene glycol and the scanning rate on the resulting electrocatalyst performance during the oxidation cycle is considered. Chronoamperograms present an amplify of the steady state oxidation current density values after addition of these nano-catalysts. A promising catalytic stability of nano-catalyst has been achieved in electing its use for propylene glycol electro-oxidation in fuel cells applications.