bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global food insecurity and famine from reduced crop, marine fishery and livestock production due to climate disruption from nuclear war soot injection
Authors: Xia Lili , Robock Alan , Scherrer Kim , Harrison Cheryl S. , Bodirsky Benjamin Leon , Weindl Isabelle , Jägermeyr Jonas , Bardeen Charles G. , Toon Owen B. , Heneghan Ryan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAtmospheric soot loadings from nuclear weapon detonation would cause disruptions to the Earth’s climate, limiting terrestrial and aquatic food production. Here, we use climate, crop and fishery models to estimate the impacts arising from six scenarios of stratospheric soot injection, predicting the total food calories available in each nation post-war after stored food is consumed. In quantifying impacts away from target areas, we demonstrate that soot injections larger than 5 Tg would lead to mass food shortages, and livestock and aquatic food production would be unable to compensate for reduced crop output, in almost all countries. Adaptation measures such as food waste reduction would have limited impact on increasing available calories. We estimate more than 2 billion people could die from nuclear war between India and Pakistan, and more than 5 billion could die from a war between the United States and Russia—underlining the importance of global cooperation in preventing nuclear war.
Reference-star differential imaging on SPHERE/IRDIS
Authors: Xie Chen , Choquet Elodie , Vigan Arthur , Cantalloube Faustine , Benisty Myriam , Boccaletti Anthony , Bonnefoy Mickael , Desgrange Celia , Garufi Antonio , Girard Julien , Hagelberg Janis , Janson Markus , Kenworthy Matthew , Lagrange Anne-Marie , Langlois Maud , Menard François , Zurlo Alice 
Published: August 2022

Context. Reference-star differential imaging (RDI) is a promising technique in high-contrast imaging that is thought to be more sensitive to exoplanets and disks than angular differential imaging (ADI) at short angular separations (i.e., <0.3’). However, it is unknown whether the performance of RDI on ground-based instruments can be improved by using all the archival data to optimize the subtraction of stellar contributions.
Aims. We characterize the performance of RDI on SPHERE/IRDIS data in direct imaging of exoplanets and disks.
Methods. We made use of all the archival data in H23 obtained by SPHERE/IRDIS in the past 5 yr to build a master reference library and perform RDI. To avoid biases caused by limited test targets under specific conditions, 32 targets were selected to obtain the average performances of RDI under different conditions, and we compared the performances with those of ADI.
Results. In the point-source detection, RDI can outperform ADI at small angular separations (<0.4’) if the observing conditions are around the median conditions of our master reference library. On average, RDI has a gain of ~0.8 mag over ADI at 0.15’ separation for observations under median conditions. We demonstrate that including more reference targets in the master reference library can indeed help to improve the performance of RDI. In disk imaging, RDI can reveal more disk features and provide a more robust recovery of the disk morphology. We resolve 33 disks in total intensity (19 planet-forming disks and 14 debris disks), and 4 of them can only be detected with RDI. Two disks are resolved in scattered light for the first time. Three disks are detected in total intensity for the first time.
Conclusions. RDI is a promising imaging technique for ground-based instruments such as SPHERE. The master reference library we built in this work can be easily implemented into legacy or future SPHERE surveys to perform RDI, achieving better performance than that of ADI. To obtain optimal RDI gains over ADI, we recommend future observations be carried out under seeing conditions of 0.6’–0.8’.
Keratoprothesen: letzte Hoffnung bei schwersten Hornhauterkrankungen
Authors: Bachmann Björn , Schaub Friederike , Cursiefen Claus 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungEine Vielzahl an Hornhauterkrankungen geht mit einem hohen Versagensrisiko von Hornhauttransplantaten einher. Häufig handelt es sich um Patienten mit beidseitig hornhautbedingter Blindheit
ohne Aussicht auf Besserung. In diesen, eigentlich aussichtslosen Situationen können Keratoprothesen häufig sehr schnelle und erstaunliche Sehverbesserungen erzielen, die aber mit einem
hohen Risiko für schwerwiegende Komplikationen erkauft werden.
Multicentric Fibrolamellar Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Goyal Mayank , Rozaih Komerisetty , Bhargava Salil , Sheth Swapnil , Ghuman Samarjit Singh , Buxi Tarvinder B. S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMulticentric fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma has not been reported yet in the world as of our knowledge. A Medline search for the term “multicentric fibrolamellar HCC” did not return any results. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of multi-centric fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We present the case of a 22-year-old male patient who had complaints of epigastric pain for 1 month. His general physical examinations were normal. Computed tomography of the abdomen revealed multiple hyper-enhancing space-occupying lesions, one of which showed a central scar. The final diagnosis of the case was multicentric fibrolamellar HCC, which was biopsy proven.
Billiard-ball paradox for a quantum wave packet
Authors: Bishop Lachlan G , Ralph Timothy C , Costa Fabio 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Past studies of the billiard-ball paradox, a problem involving an object that travels back in time along a closed timelike curve (CTC), typically concern themselves with entirely classical histories, whereby any trajectorial effects associated with quantum mechanics cannot manifest. Here we develop a quantum version of the paradox, wherein a (semiclassical) wave packet evolves through a region containing a wormhole time machine. This is accomplished by mapping all relevant paths on to a quantum circuit, in which the distinction of the various paths is facilitated by representing the billiard particle with a clock state. For this model, we find that Deutsch's prescription (D-CTCs) provides self-consistent solutions in the form of a mixed state composed of terms which represent every possible configuration of the particle’s evolution through the circuit. In the equivalent circuit picture (ECP), this reduces to a binomial distribution in the number of loops of time machine. The postselected teleportation prescription (P-CTCs) on the other hand predicts a pure-state solution in which the loop counts have binomial coefficient weights. We then discuss the model in the continuum limit, with a particular focus on the various methods one may employ in order to guarantee convergence in the average number of clock evolutions. Specifically, for D-CTCs, we find that it is necessary to regularise the theory’s parameters, while P-CTCs alternatively require more contrived modification.
Direct growth of hBN/Graphene heterostructure via surface deposition and segregation for independent thickness regulation
Authors: Liu Wenyu , Li Xiuting , Wang Yushu , Xu Rui , Ying Hao , Wang Le , Cheng Zhihai , Hao Yufeng , Chen Shanshan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Hexagonal boron nitride/graphene (hBN/G) vertical heterostructures have attracted extensive attention, owing to the unusual physical properties for basic research and electronic device applications. Here we report a facile deposition-segregation technique to synthesize hBN/G heterostructures on recyclable platinum (Pt) foil via low pressure chemical vapor deposition. The growth mechanism of the vertical hBN/G is demonstrated to be the surface deposition of hBN on top of the graphene segregated from the Pt foil with pre-dissolved carbon. The thickness of hBN and graphene can be controlled separately from sub-monolayer to multilayer through the fine control of the growth parameters. Further investigations by Raman, scanning Kelvin probe microscopy and transmission electron microscope show that the hBN/G inclines to form a heterostructure with strong interlayer coupling and with interlayer twist angle smaller than 1.5°. This deposition-segregation approach paves a new pathway for large-scale production of hBN/G heterostructures and could be applied to synthesize of other van der Waals heterostructures.
Transfer-free, scalable vertical heterostructure FET on MoS2/WS2 continuous films
Authors: Acar Merve , Ertuğrul Mehmet , Gür Emre 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Taking into account the novel layered structure and unusual electronic properties of MoS2 and WS2 on the side the lack of dangling bonds between these two components and donor–acceptor linkage effects, growth of the MoS2/WS2 vertical heterojunction film on the amorphous SiO2/Si substrate have created high demand. In this study, we reported the continuous, scalable, and vertical MoS2/WS2 heterostructure film by using a sputtering without a transfer step. The WS2 film was continuously grown on MoS2 and eventually led to the formation of the MoS2/WS2 vertical heterojunction film. Dozens of FETs fabricated on MoS2/WS2 continuous heterojunction film were created on the same substrate in a single lithographic fabrication step, allowing them to be commercialized and not only used in research applications. RAMAN spectra proved the formation of the MoS2/WS2 heterostructure film. In XPS measurements, it was shown that a separate MoS2 and WS2 layer was grown instead of the alloy structure. The polarity behavior of the MoS2/WS2 heterostructure FET was found to be modulated with different drain voltages as p-type to ambipolar and finally n-type conductivity because of the transition of band structure and Schottky barrier heights at different drain voltages. Electron mobility (7.2 cm2 V.s−1) and on/off ratio (104–105) exhibited by the MoS2/WS2 heterostructure FETs displayed a more improved electrical performance than that of individual WS2, MoS2 devices. It was observed that the mobility value of MoS2/WS2 FET was approximately 514 times greater than WS2 FET and 800 times greater than MoS2 FET. Additionally, the MoS2/WS2 FET on/off ratio was larger than 2 order MoS2 FET and 1 order WS2 FET. The film of continuous vertical heterojunctions as in the MoS2/WS2 currents in the study would be a promising candidate for nanoelectronics fields. This work demonstrated the progress towards realizing carrier-type controlled high-performance MoS2/WS2 heterojunction-based FETs for future logic devices.
Accurate determination of MFM tip’s magnetic parameters on nanoparticles by decoupling the influence of electrostatic force
Authors: Wu Xiqi , Zhang Wenhao , Wang Wenting , Chen Yuhang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) has become one of the most important instruments for characterizing magnetic materials with nanoscale spatial resolution. When analyzing magnetic particles by MFM, calibration of the magnetic tips using reference magnetic nanoparticles is a prerequisite due to similar orientation and dimension of the yielded magnetic fields. However, in such a calibration process, errors caused by extra electrostatic interactions will significantly affect the output results. In this work, we evaluate the magnetic moment and dipole radius of the MFM tip on Fe3O4 nanoparticles by considering the associated electrostatic force. The coupling of electrostatic contribution on the measured MFM phase is eliminated by combining MFM and Kelvin probe force microscopy together with theoretical modeling. Numerical simulations and experiments on nickel nanoparticles demonstrate the effectiveness of decoupling. Results show that the calibrated MFM tip can enable a more accurate analysis of micro-and-nano magnetism. In addition, a fast and easy calibration method by using bimodal MFM is discussed, in which the acquisition of multiple phase shifts at different lift heights is not required.
Multi-scale structures of electric current generated by collisionless trapped-electron-mode turbulence
Authors: Chen Xiang , Lu Zhixin , Cai Huishan , Ye Lei , Chen Yang , Li Ding , Liu Jian , Liu Zhaoyuan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The spatial structure and amplitude of the current induced by collisionless trapped-electron-mode (CTEM) turbulence are investigated by gyrokinetic simulations. It is shown that the barely passing electrons play a crucial role in determining the magnitude and direction of the current density. Two characteristic radial scales of the current density are found. The fine structure (a few ion Larmor radius) of the turbulence-induced current is observed near the rational surfaces. Furthermore, the mesoscale structure (tens of ion Larmor radii) of the turbulence-induced current related to the zonal flow shear is confirmed, especially for the high toroidal mode number (n) CTEM. For the strongly driven CTEM, the zonal flow shear effect on the turbulence-induced current is significant, while it is not visible for the weakly driven CTEM. We show that the magnitude of the CTEM turbulence-induced current density features a moderate local magnitude comparable to the bootstrap current density near rational surfaces, as demonstrated by nonlinear simulations with multi-n modes.
Optimizing doping parameters of target to enhance direct-drive implosion
Authors: Zheng Guannan , Tao Tao , Jia Qing , Yan Rui , Zheng Jian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
To enhance direct-drive implosion performance while keeping the risk of hydrodynamic instability at a low level, we have designed a procedure to optimize the parameters of the target doped with mid- or high-Z material. In the procedure, a one-dimensional implosion process is simulated, while the effect of high-dimensional instability on its implosion performance is simultaneously evaluated. To find the optimal doping parameters, the procedure is performed in the framework of a global optimization algorithm, where we have used particle swarm optimization in the current work. The opacity of mixture materials quickly obtained by using an interpolation method shows a good agreement with the data of TOPS, a widely-used doping program developed in the Los Alamos National Laboratory. To test the procedure, optimization has been carried out for the CH ablator in the double-cone ignition scheme (Zhang et al 2020 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 378 20200015) by doping with Si and Cl. Both one- and two-dimensional simulations show that doping with either Si or Cl can efficiently mitigate the Rayleigh–Taylor instability during the acceleration phase and does not result in significant degradation of the peak areal density. The results from one- and two-dimensional simulations qualitatively match each other, demonstrating the validity of our optimization procedure. This optimization process will be a valuable tool in assisting us in the design of the target and in furthering our understanding of direct-drive implosion physics.
The exact solutions for Kudryashov and Sinelshchikov equation with variable coefficients
Authors: CR Jisha , Dubey Ritesh Kumar , Benton Dudley , A Rashid 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Kudryashov and Sinelshchikov (KS) equation address pressure waves in liquid-gas bubble mixtures while considering heat transport and viscosity. This study mainly includes two types of generalized solutions: polynomial function traveling wave solutions and rational function traveling wave solutions. In this study, we constructed the KS equation’s exact traveling and solitary wave solutions with variable coefficients by the generalized unified method (GUM). These newly created solutions play a significant role in mathematical physics, optical fiber physics, plasma physics, and other applied science disciplines. We illustrated the dynamical behavior of the discovered solutions in three dimensions. We proposed the possibility of discussing wave interaction and other wave structures using bilinear form related to the Hirota method for the fractional solutions.
First-principles calculation of the parameters used by atomistic magnetic simulations
Authors: Mankovsky Sergiy , Ebert Hubert 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
While the ground state of magnetic materials is in general well described on the basis of spin density functional theory (SDFT), the theoretical description of finite-temperature and non-equilibrium properties require an extension beyond the standard SDFT. Time-dependent SDFT (TD-SDFT), which give for example access to dynamical properties are computationally very demanding and can currently be hardly applied to complex solids. Here we focus on the alternative approach based on the combination of a parameterized phenomenological spin Hamiltonian and SDFT-based electronic structure calculations, giving access to the dynamical and finite-temperature properties for example via spin-dynamics simulations using the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert (LLG) equation or Monte Carlo simulations. We present an overview on the various methods to calculate the parameters of the various phenomenological Hamiltonians with an emphasis on the KKR Green function method as one of the most flexible band structure methods giving access to practically all relevant parameters. Concerning these, it is crucial to account for the spin–orbit coupling (SOC) by performing relativistic SDFT-based calculations as it plays a key role for magnetic anisotropy and chiral exchange interactions represented by the DMI parameters in the spin Hamiltonian. This concerns also the Gilbert damping parameters characterizing magnetization dissipation in the LLG equation, chiral multispin interaction parameters of the extended Heisenberg Hamiltonian, as well as spin–lattice interaction parameters describing the interplay of spin and lattice dynamics processes, for which an efficient computational scheme has been developed recently by the present authors.
Experimental and numerical evaluation of formability in three-layer metallic sheets with various layer arrangements
Authors: Pazand Kamran , Moarrefzadeh Aiien , Morovvati Mohammad Reza 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Multi-layer metallic sheets are composed of two or more metallic layers connected to each other to achieve desirable features based on the various properties of the constituent layers. This study attempted to predict the forming limits and deformation behavior of three-layer metallic sheets. Additionally, the effects of the layer arrangement on the forming limit diagram (FLD), stress triaxiality, and limiting dome height (LDH) were investigated using a finite element numerical approach. To this end, three-layer metallic sheets made of aluminum (AA3004), stainless steel (SUS304), and copper (Cu1011) bonded by polyurethane as the bonding layer were employed. The numerical results were validated using the experimental results of Nakajima stretch-forming tests. The numerical results were in good agreement with the experimental data. The results indicate that the formability of the three-layer sheet increased by placing the AA3105 layer as the inner layer in contact with the punch, the Cu1011 layer in the middle, and the SUS304 layer as the outer layer. Therefore, the formability of the Al-Cu-SUS sheet was higher than that of the other layer arrangements. Moreover, the results show that the material properties, particularly the tensile strength, play a key role in controlling the FLD of the three-layer sheets.
Physical Activity and Daily Stress Processes in Older Adulthood
Authors: Leger Kate A , Charles Susan T , Brown Colette J , Fingerman Karen L 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Older adults who are physically active report lower levels of stress. Less is known about the links between physical activity and exposure and reactivity to stressful events in daily life. The current study examined within-person associations between actigraphy-assessed daily physical activity and exposure and affective reactivity to naturally occurring interpersonal stressors.

Method
Older adults (N = 180) from the Daily Experiences and Well-being Study completed ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) every 3 hr for 5–6 days where they reported negative affect throughout the day and interpersonal tensions at the end of the day. They also wore Actical accelerometers to capture physical activity.

Results
Older adults reported greater numbers of interpersonal stressors on days when they spent less time being sedentary and engaged in more light physical activity. On days when older adults experienced more interpersonal stressors, they reported higher levels of negative affect, but this association was attenuated when they were more physically active that day.

Discussion
Physical activity may bolster older adults’ capabilities to manage affective responses to interpersonal stressors in a more successful way. These findings underscore the importance of assessing physical activity and stressful events in daily life and have implications for both physical and psychological well-being.
Fully Nonlinear Elliptic Equations with Gradient Terms on Hermitian Manifolds
Authors: Guan Bo , Nie Xiaolan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We derive a priori 2nd-order estimates for fully nonlinear elliptic equations that depend on the gradients of solutions on compact Hermitian manifolds, which is a crucial step in solving the equations. We introduce the concept of rank of the tangent cones at infinity to level hypersurfaces of the defining function of the equation to overcome difficulties caused by presence of the gradient terms. We were motivated by the fact that there had been increasing interests in fully nonlinear PDEs from complex geometry and aimed to develop general methods to cover a wide class of equations.
Work–family imbalance, social support and health: a population-based study
Authors: Arik Tasyikan H , Demiral Y 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Work–family imbalance is a crucial determinant of workers’ health. Studies examining the impact of multiple roles in the workplace, conducted in low- and middle-income countries, are limited.

Aims
To determine the association of work–family imbalance with self-perceived health (SPH) both in men and women, and to examine the interaction of social support with work–family imbalance on this association in a district in western Turkey.

Methods
This population-based cross-sectional study’s sample was randomly derived from working residents aged 30–64 living in Balcova District, Turkey. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted for the associations between SPH, social support at home and at work, work–family conflict (WFC) and family–work conflict (FWC). Social support variables were considered as possible effect modifiers.

Results
Work to family variables had an independent, significant association with poor SPH [odds ratio (OR) = 2.92 (95% CI 1.47–5.78) for WFC, and 2.38 (95% CI 1.22–4.67) for FWC] in only women. In advanced analyses, both social support at work and at home were effect modifiers of the association between FWC and SPH in women (P &lt; 0.001). In men, SPH was significantly associated only with job insecurity [OR = 2.52 (1.22–5.21)].

Conclusions
Further studies should be conducted to implement effective population prevention strategies to establish work–family balance and to reduce this double burden on women, specifically in low- and middle-income countries.