bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards hierarchical affiliation resolution: framework, baselines, dataset
Authors: Backes Tobias , Hienert Daniel , Dietze Stefan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAuthor affiliations provide key information when attributing academic performance like publication counts. So far, such measures have been aggregated either manually or only to top-level institutions, such as universities. Supervised affiliation resolution requires a large number of annotated alignments between affiliation strings and known institutions, which are not readily available. We introduce the task ofunsupervised hierarchical affiliation resolution, which assigns affiliations to institutions on all hierarchy levels (e.g. departments), discovering the institutions as well as their hierarchical ordering on the fly. From the corresponding requirements, we derive a simple conceptual framework based on the subset partial order that can be extended to account for the discrepancies evident in realistic affiliations from theWeb of Science. We implement initial baselines and provide datasets and evaluation metrics for experimentation. Results show that mapping affiliations to known institutions and discovering lower-level institutions works well with simple baselines, whereas unsupervised top-level- and hierarchical resolution is more challenging. Our work provides structured guidance for further in-depth studies and improved methodology by identifying and discussing a number of observed difficulties and important challenges that future work needs to address.
Simultaneous gut colonization by Klebsiella grimontii and Escherichia coli co-possessing the blaKPC-3-carrying pQil plasmid
Authors: Campos-Madueno Edgar I. , Mauri Carola , Meroni Elisa , Paseiro Pablo Porragas , Consonni Alessandra , Luzzaro Francesco , Endimiani Andrea 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOnly two plasmid-mediated carbapenemases (KPC-2 and VIM-1) are reported in Klebsiella grimontii. Here, we report two blaKPC-3-positive isolates that were identified as K. oxytoca and E. coli by MALDI-TOF MS in the same rectal swab. Whole-genome sequencing indicated that K. oxytoca was actually K. grimontii of ST391, whereas E. coli was of ST10. In both, blaKPC-3 was carried by a pQil conjugative plasmid. The core-genome analysis identified additional blaKPC-positive K. grimontii strains from public databases, most of which were misidentified as K. oxytoca. Since K. grimontii represents an emerging reservoir of resistance traits, routine tools should improve their ability to detect this species.
The double exponential runtime is tight for 2-stage stochastic ILPs
Authors: Jansen Klaus , Klein Kim-Manuel , Lassota Alexandra 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe consider fundamental algorithmic number theoretic problems and their relation to a class of block structured Integer Linear Programs (ILPs) called 2-stage stochastic. A 2-stage stochastic ILP is an integer program of the form $$\min \{c^T x \mid {\mathcal {A}} x = b, \ell \le x \le u, x \in {\mathbb {Z}}^{r + ns} \}$$

min
{

c
T

x
∣
A
x
=
b
,
ℓ
≤
x
≤
u
,
x
∈

Z

r
+
n
s

}

where the constraint matrix $${\mathcal {A}} \in {\mathbb {Z}}^{nt \times r +ns}$$

A
∈

Z

n
t
×
r
+
n
s

consists of n matrices $$A_i \in {\mathbb {Z}}^{t \times r}$$

A
i

∈

Z

t
×
r

on the vertical line and n matrices $$B_i \in {\mathbb {Z}}^{t \times s}$$

B
i

∈

Z

t
×
s

on the diagonal line aside. We show a stronger hardness result for a number theoretic problem called Quadratic Congruences where the objective is to compute a number $$z \le \gamma $$

z
≤
γ

satisfying $$z^2 \equiv \alpha \bmod \beta $$

z
2

≡
α

mod

β

for given $$\alpha , \beta , \gamma \in {\mathbb {Z}}$$

α
,
β
,
γ
∈
Z

. This problem was proven to be NP-hard already in 1978 by Manders and Adleman. However, this hardness only applies for instances where the prime factorization of $$\beta $$
β
admits large multiplicities of each prime number. We circumvent this necessity proving that the problem remains NP-hard, even if each prime number only occurs constantly often. Using this new hardness result for the $$\textsc {Quadratic Congruences}$$

Q

U
A
D
R
A
T
I
C
C
O
N
G
R
U
E
N
C
E
S

problem, we prove a lower bound of $$2^{2^{\delta (s+t)}} |I|^{O(1)}$$

2

2

δ
(
s
+
t
)

|
I
|

O
(
1
)

for some $$\delta > 0$$

δ
>
0

for the running time of any algorithm solving 2-stage stochastic ILPs assuming the Exponential Time Hypothesis (ETH). Here, |I| is the encoding length of the instance. This result even holds if r, $$||b||_{\infty }$$

|
|
b
|
|

∞

, $$||c||_{\infty }, ||\ell ||_{\infty }$$

|
|
c
|
|

∞

,
|
|
ℓ
|
|

∞

and the largest absolute value $$\varDelta $$
Δ
in the constraint matrix $${\mathcal {A}}$$
A
are constant. This shows that the state-of-the-art algorithms are nearly tight. Further, it proves the suspicion that these ILPs are indeed harder to solve than the closely related $$n$$
n
-fold ILPs where the constraint matrix is the transpose of $${\mathcal {A}}$$
A
.
Comparison of surgical techniques for optimal lead placement in sacral neuromodulation: a cadaver study
Authors: Dawoud C. , Reissig L. , Müller C. , Jahl M. , Harpain F. , Capek B. , Weninger W. J. , Riss S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is a common treatment for patients with urinary and faecal incontinence. A close contact of the tined lead electrode with the targeted nerve is likely to improve functional outcome.
The aim of this study was to compare the position of the SNM lead in relation to the sacral nerve by comparing different implantation techniques.

Methods
This cadaver study was conducted at the Division of Anatomy of Vienna's Medical University in October 2020. We dissected 10 cadavers after bilateral SNM lead implantation (n = 20), using two different standardized implantation techniques. The cadavers were categorized as group A (n = 10), representing the conventional guided implantation group and group B (n = 10), where SNM implantation was conducted with the novel fluoroscopy-guided “H”-technique. The primary goal was to assess the distance between the sacral nerve and the lead placement.

Results
The electrodes were inserted at a median angle of 58.5° (46–65°) in group A and 60° (50–65°) in group B, without reaching statistical significance. In 8 cadavers, the lead entered the S3 foramen successfully.
The median distance of the lead to the nerve did not show a significant difference between both groups (E0: Group A: 0.0 mm vs. Group B: 0.0 mm, p = 0.969; E1: Group A: 0.0 mm vs. Group B: 0.5 mm p = 0.754; E2: Group A: 2.5 mm vs. Group B: 2.5 mm p = 1.000; E3: Group A: 3.5 mm vs. Group B: 4.0 mm p = 0.675). In 2 cases (20%) of the conventional group A, the lead was misplaced and located at the gluteal muscle.
Perforation of the presacral fascia was observed in one lead placement in group A and in two placements in group B.

Conclusions
Both standardized implantation techniques may ensure close electrode proximity to the targeted nerve. Misplacement of the electrode was more often observed with the conventional implantation technique.
Towards more effective visualisations in climate services: good practices and recommendations
Authors: Terrado Marta , Calvo Luz , Christel Isadora 
Published: May 2022

AbstractVisualisations are often the entry point to information that supports stakeholders’ decision- and policy-making processes. Visual displays can employ either static, dynamic or interactive formats as well as various types of representations and visual encodings, which differently affect the attention, recognition and working memory of users. Despite being well-suited for expert audiences, current climate data visualisations need to be further improved to make communication of climate information more inclusive for broader audiences, including people with disabilities. However, the lack of evidence-based guidelines and tools makes the creation of accessible visualisations challenging, potentially leading to misunderstanding and misuse of climate information by users. Taking stock of visualisation challenges identified in a workshop by climate service providers, we review good practices commonly applied by other visualisation-related disciplines strongly based on users’ needs that could be applied to the climate services context. We show how lessons learned in the fields of user experience, data visualisation, graphic design and psychology make useful recommendations for the development of more effective climate service visualisations. This includes applying a user-centred design approach, using interaction in a suitable way in visualisations, paying attention to information architecture or selecting the right type of representation and visual encoding. The recommendations proposed here can help climate service providers reduce users’ cognitive load and improve their overall experience when using a service. These recommendations can be useful for the development of the next generation of climate services, increasing their usability while ensuring that their visual components are inclusive and do not leave anyone behind.
Anti-invasive effects of minoxidil on human breast cancer cells: combination with ranolazine
Authors: Qiu Shiwen , Fraser Scott P. , Pires Wayne , Djamgoz Mustafa B. A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA plethora of ion channels have been shown to be involved systemically in the pathophysiology of cancer and ion channel blockers can produce anti-metastatic effects. However, although ion channels are known to frequently function in concerted action, little is known about possible combined effects of ion channel modulators on metastatic cell behaviour. Here, we investigated functional consequences of pharmacologically modulating ATP-gated potassium (KATP) channel and voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) activities individually and in combination. Two triple-negative human breast cancer cell lines were used: MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468, the latter mainly for comparison. Most experiments were carried out on hypoxic cells. Electrophysiological effects were studied by whole-cell patch clamp recording. Minoxidil (a KATP channel opener) and ranolazine (a blocker of the VGSC persistent current) had no effect on cell viability and proliferation, alone or in combination. In contrast, invasion was significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner by clinical concentrations of minoxidil and ranolazine. Combining the two drugs produced significant additive effects at concentrations as low as 0.625 μM ranolazine and 2.5 μM minoxidil. Electrophysiologically, acute application of minoxidil shifted VGSC steady-state inactivation to more hyperpolarised potentials and slowed recovery from inactivation, consistent with inhibition of VGSC activation. We concluded (i) that clinically relevant doses of minoxidil and ranolazine individually could inhibit cellular invasiveness dose dependently and (ii) that their combination was additionally effective. Accordingly, ranolazine, minoxidil and their combination may be repurposed as novel anti-metastatic agents.
Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within households: a remote prospective cohort study in European countries
Authors: Verberk Janneke D. M. , de Hoog Marieke L. A. , Westerhof Ilse , van Goethem Sam , Lammens Christine , Ieven Greet , de Bruin Erwin , Eggink Dirk , Bielicki Julia A. , Coenen Samuel , van Beek Janko , Bonten Marc J. M. , Goossens Herman , Bruijning-Verhagen Patricia C. J. L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHousehold transmission studies are useful to quantify SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics. We conducted a remote prospective household study to quantify transmission, and the effects of subject characteristics, household characteristics, and implemented infection control measures on transmission. Households with a laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 index case were enrolled < 48 h following test result. Follow-up included digitally daily symptom recording, regular nose-throat self-sampling and paired dried blood spots from all household members. Samples were tested for virus detection and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Secondary attack rates (SARs) and associated factors were estimated using logistic regression. In 276 households with 920 participants (276 index cases and 644 household members) daily symptom diaries and questionnaires were completed by 95%, and > 85% completed sample collection. 200 secondary SARS-CoV-2 infections were detected, yielding a household SAR of 45.7% (95% CI 39.7–51.7%) and per-person SAR of 32.6% (95%CI: 28.1-37.4%). 126 (63%) secondary cases were detected at enrollment. Mild (aRR = 0.57) and asymptomatic index cases (aRR = 0.29) were less likely to transmit SARS-CoV-2, compared to index cases with an acute respiratory illness (p = 0.03 for trend), and child index cases (< 12 years aRR = 0.60 and 12-18 years aRR = 0.85) compared to adults (p = 0.03 for trend). Infection control interventions in households had no significant effect on transmission. We found high SARs with the majority of transmissions occuring early after SARS-CoV-2 introduction into the household. This may explain the futile effect of implemented household measures. Age and symptom status of the index case influence secondary transmission. Remote, digitally-supported study designs with self-sampling are feasible for studying transmission under pandemic restrictions.
What is the value of explicit priority setting for health interventions? A simulation study
Authors: Barlow Euan , Morton Alec , Dabak Saudamini , Engels Sven , Isaranuwatchai Wanrudee , Teerawattananon Yot , Chalkidou Kalipso 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMany countries seek to secure efficiency in health spending through establishing explicit priority setting institutions (PSIs). Since such institutions divert resources from frontline services which benefit patients directly, it is legitimate and reasonable to ask whether they are worth the money. We address this question by comparing, through simulation, the health benefits and costs from implementing two alternative funding approaches – one scenario in which an active PSI enables cost-effectiveness-threshold based funding decisions, and a counterfactual scenario where there is no PSI. We present indicative results for one dataset from the United Kingdom (published in 2015) and one from Malawi (published in 2018), which show that the threshold rule reliably resulted in decreased health system costs, improved health benefits, or both. Our model is implemented in Microsoft Excel and designed to be user-friendly, and both the model and a user guide are made publicly available, in order to enable others to parameterise the model based on the local setting. Although inevitably stylised, we believe that our modelling and results offer a valid perspective on the added value of explicit PSIs.
Asexual propagation of Asparagopsis armata gametophytes: fragmentation, regrowth and attachment mechanisms for sea-based cultivation
Authors: Wright Jeffrey T. , Kennedy Elysha J. , de Nys Rocky , Tatsumi Masayuki 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe red algal genus Asparagopsis produces secondary metabolites that when fed to ruminants reduce methane production by up to 98%. However, cultivation methods for Asparagopsis are nascent and fundamental information on reproduction, which is essential for large-scale cultivation, is lacking. In this study we examined asexual propagation in Asparagopsis armata, the regrowth of fragments and mechanisms of attachment to assess the potential for fragments to be used in sea-based cultivation. Asparagopsis armata gametophytes grow specialised structures, barbs, that hook fragments onto substrata. Surveys revealed barbs were abundant occurring at ~ 1 barb every 3–4 cm on gametophyte branches. Barbs did not regrow, but fronds did, either when attached to a barb or on their own. In contrast, fronds doubled in size with most developing barbs within 4 weeks. Barbs were, however, critical for the reattachment of fragments: barbs attached to substrata at four times the rate of frond fragments without barbs and they also attached in higher proportions to mussel rope than polypropylene rope, and two types of net. Utilising fragmentation for the propagation of A. armata gametophytes in sea-based cultivation requires that fragments can attach to a substratum and regrow once attached. We have shown that A. armata fragments in Tasmania require barbs for attachment and frond tissue for growth, which has implications for cultivation. Optimising fragmentation, attachment and out-planting methods are important future steps in establishing fragmentation as a method for sea-based cultivation in A. armata.
Machine learning and deep learning based predictive quality in manufacturing: a systematic review
Authors: Tercan Hasan , Meisen Tobias 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith the ongoing digitization of the manufacturing industry and the ability to bring together data from manufacturing processes and quality measurements, there is enormous potential to use machine learning and deep learning techniques for quality assurance. In this context, predictive quality enables manufacturing companies to make data-driven estimations about the product quality based on process data. In the current state of research, numerous approaches to predictive quality exist in a wide variety of use cases and domains. Their applications range from quality predictions during production using sensor data to automated quality inspection in the field based on measurement data. However, there is currently a lack of an overall view of where predictive quality research stands as a whole, what approaches are currently being investigated, and what challenges currently exist. This paper addresses these issues by conducting a comprehensive and systematic review of scientific publications between 2012 and 2021 dealing with predictive quality in manufacturing. The publications are categorized according to the manufacturing processes they address as well as the data bases and machine learning models they use. In this process, key insights into the scope of this field are collected along with gaps and similarities in the solution approaches. Finally, open challenges for predictive quality are derived from the results and an outlook on future research directions to solve them is provided.
Spin generalizations of the Benjamin–Ono equation
Authors: Berntson Bjorn K. , Langmann Edwin , Lenells Jonatan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe present new soliton equations related to theA-type spin Calogero–Moser (CM) systems introduced by Gibbons and Hermsen. These equations are spin generalizations of the Benjamin–Ono (BO) equation and the recently introduced non-chiral intermediate long-wave (ncILW) equation. We obtain multi-soliton solutions of these spin generalizations of the BO equation and the ncILW equation via a spin-pole ansatz where the spin-pole dynamics is governed by the spin CM system in the rational and hyperbolic cases, respectively. We also propose physics applications of the new equations, and we introduce a spin generalization of the standard intermediate long-wave equation which interpolates between the matrix Korteweg-de Vries equation, the Heisenberg ferromagnet equation, and the spin BO equation.
Vineyard establishment under exacerbated summer stress: effects of mycorrhization on rootstock agronomical parameters, leaf element composition and root-associated bacterial microbiota
Authors: Cardinale Massimiliano , Minervini Fabio , De Angelis Maria , Papadia Paride , Migoni Danilo , Dimaglie Matteo , Dinu Daniel Grigorie , Quarta Claudio , Selleri Filippo , Caccioppola Alessandro , Vacca Mirco , Rustioni Laura 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsClimate change imposes adaptation of viticulture in risk areas, such as the Mediterranean. Mycorrhization is a valid tool to reduce the impact of the expected temperature/drought increase. Aim of this work was to test the effects of mycorrhization on grapevine vegetative growth, element composition of soil/leaves, and microbiota of bulk soil/rhizosphere/endorhiza, in the field, under exacerbated summer stress conditions obtained by planting the rootstocks in June.Methods118 rooted cuttings of 1103-Paulsen (Vitis berlandieri×Vitis rupestris) were planted in Salento (Apulia, Southern Italy); about half of them were mycorrhized. Leaf Area Index, shoot growth and survival rate were monitored across two growing seasons. Leaf/shoot weight, chemical analysis of 25 elements, and 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding of bulk soil/rhizosphere/endorhiza were performed on subsamples.ResultsMycorrhized plants showed significantly higher survival rate and growth, and accumulated significantly higher amounts of 18 elements. 27 endorhizal OTUs (representing ~20% of total sequences) were differently distributed (20 OTUs more abundant in mycorrhized plants); in the rhizosphere, instead, 12 OTUs (~2.5% of total sequences) were differently distributed. A few Actinobacterial OTUs were enriched by mycorrhization in the root endosphere; the same OTUs were the most correlated with the chemical elements, suggesting a role in element dynamics. These OTUs were not hub taxa of the co-occurrence network.ConclusionsThis work shed light onto the interactions between mycorrhiza and microbiome, in the context of plant element dynamics, which is useful to identify potential target candidates for biotechnological applications, thus moving towards a more sustainable, ecosystem-based viticulture.
No Place for Poor Men: On the Asymmetric Effect of Urbanization on Life Satisfaction
Authors: Lenzi Camilla , Perucca Giovanni 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe literature on the geography of subjective well-being largely converges in pointing out the occurrence, at least in developed countries, of an urban/rural divide: people living in the most urbanized regions tend to be significantly less satisfied than those living in rural areas. This paper aims at reassessing this statement by taking into consideration an important aspect, frequently overlooked in the literature, i.e. people-based characteristics. Individuals are not alike and may differently experience and appreciate the advantages and disadvantages of urbanisation. Characteristics such as the level of education, the type of occupation and, more generally, the income level can mediate the capacity to reap urbanisation advantages (as the accessibility to advanced services and diversified job markets) and mitigate urbanization disadvantages (such as cost of living and congestion). Additionally, but based on the same reasoning, more educated and affluent individuals (negatively) value distance from top rank centres more than less educated and affluent ones. We test and prove these propositions in a study on the subjective well-being of more than 250,000 individuals living in European cities, defined as NUTS3 regions, in the period 2004–2010.
A BLIS-like matrix multiplication for machine learning in the RISC-V ISA-based GAP8 processor
Authors: Ramírez Cristian , Castelló Adrián , Quintana-Ortí Enrique S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe address the efficient realization of matrix multiplication (gemm), with application in the convolution operator for machine learning, for the RISC-V core present in the GreenWaves GAP8 processor. Our approach leverages BLIS (Basic Linear Algebra Instantiation Software) to develop an implementation that (1) re-organizes the gemm algorithm adapting its micro-kernel to exploit the hardware-supported dot product kernel in the GAP8; (2) explicitly orchestrates the data transfers across the hierarchy of scratchpad memories via DMA (direct memory access); and (3) operates with integer arithmetic.