bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of plasma NGAL for the diagnosis of AKI following cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sharrod-Cole Hayley , Fenn Jonathan , Gama Rousseau , Ford Clare , Giri Ramesh , Luckraz Heyman 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (pNGAL) for the early diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) in adult patients following cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Electronic databases and other resources were systematically searched for relevant studies. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2) tool. Studies were assigned to a sub-group based on the timing of the pNGAL sample in relation to the cessation of CPB. These were < 4 h, 4–8 h, 12 h or 24 h post-cessation of CPB. Summary values for sensitivity and specificity were estimated using the hierarchical summary receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve model. A random-effects meta-analysis of each pair of sensitivity and specificity estimates from each included study was performed. In total, 3131 patients from 16 studies were included. When taken at 4–8 h following CPB, pNGAL had superior performance for the diagnosis of AKI in the defined population when compared to earlier and later time points. Prediction regions and confidence intervals, however, demonstrated significant variability in pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity. This is likely due to population and study design heterogeneity, lack of standardisation of assays and thresholds, and inability to distinguish the different molecular forms of NGAL. In conclusion, the diagnostic utility of pNGAL in this clinical setting is inconclusive and large individual studies of representative populations of cardiac surgery patients using assays that specifically detect NGAL in its monomeric form are required.
Core-shell structure of LiMn2O4 cathode material reduces phase transition and Mn dissolution in Li-ion batteries
Authors: Tomon Chanikarn , Sarawutanukul Sangchai , Phattharasupakun Nutthaphon , Duangdangchote Salatan , Chomkhuntod Praeploy , Joraleechanchai Nattanon , Bunyanidhi Panyawee , Sawangphruk Montree 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlthough the LiMn2O4 cathode can provide high nominal cell voltage, high thermal stability, low toxicity, and good safety in Li-ion batteries, it still suffers from capacity fading caused by the combination of structural transformation and transition metal dissolution. Herein, a carbon-coated LiMn2O4 cathode with core@shell structure (LMO@C) was therefore produced using a mechanofusion method. The LMO@C exhibits higher cycling stability as compared to the pristine LiMn2O4 (P-LMO) due to its high conductivity reducing impedance growth and phase transition. The carbon shell can reduce direct contact between the electrolyte and the cathode reducing side reactions and Mn dissolution. Thus, the cylindrical cell of LMO@C//graphite provides higher capacity retention after 900 cycles at 1 C. The amount of dissoluted Mn for the LMO@C is almost 2 times lower than that of the P-LMO after 200 cycles. Moreover, the LMO@C shows smaller change in lattice parameter or phase transition than P-LMO, indicating to the suppression of λ-MnO2 phase from the mixed phase of Li1-δMn2O4 + λ-MnO2 when Li-delithiation at highly charged state leading to an improved cycling reversibility. This work provides both fundamental understanding and manufacturing scale demonstration for practical 18650 Li-ion batteries.
Regional sensitivity patterns of Arctic Ocean acidification revealed with machine learning
Authors: Krasting John P. , De Palma Maurizia , Sonnewald Maike , Dunne John P. , John Jasmin G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOcean acidification is a consequence of the absorption of anthropogenic carbon emissions and it profoundly impacts marine life. Arctic regions are particularly vulnerable to rapid pH changes due to low ocean buffering capacities and high stratification. Here, an unsupervised machine learning methodology is applied to simulations of surface Arctic acidification from two state-of-the-art coupled climate models. We identify four sub-regions whose boundaries are influenced by present-day and projected sea ice patterns. The regional boundaries are consistent between the models and across lower (SSP2-4.5) and higher (SSP5-8.5) carbon emissions scenarios. Stronger trends toward corrosive surface waters in the central Arctic Ocean are driven by early summer warming in regions of annual ice cover and late summer freshening in regions of perennial ice cover. Sea surface salinity and total alkalinity reductions dominate the Arctic pH changes, highlighting the importance of objective sub-regional identification and subsequent analysis of surface water mass properties.
Integrated analysis of carbon dioxide and oxygen concentrations as a quality control of ocean float data
Authors: Wu Yingxu , Bakker Dorothee C. E. , Achterberg Eric P. , Silva Amavi N. , Pickup Daisy D. , Li Xiang , Hartman Sue , Stappard David , Qi Di , Tyrrell Toby 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe distributions of dissolved O2and CO2have not previously been systematically compared across the global surface ocean, despite their significance for life and climate. Here we analyze carbon dioxide and oxygen concentrations relative to saturation (equilibrium with the atmosphere) in surface waters, using two large datasets (ship-collected and float-collected data). When applied to a high-quality global ship-collected dataset, CO2and O2concentrations relative to saturation exhibit large seasonal and geographic variations. However, linear fits of CO2and O2deviations from saturation (ΔCO2against ΔO2) yield y-intercepts close to zero, which suggests a requirement for data validity. We utilize this finding to investigate the accuracy of carbonate system data from biogeochemical-Argo floats. We find significant discrepancies in ΔCO2-ΔO2y-intercepts compared to the global reference, implying overestimations of float-based CO2release in the Southern Ocean. We conclude that this technique can be applied to data from autonomous platforms for quality assessment.
Enhanced charge separation in La2NiO4 nanoplates by coupled piezocatalysis and photocatalysis for efficient H2 evolution
Authors: Ma Xinyu , Gao Yangfei , Yang Bian , Lou Xiaojie , Huang Jianbing , Ma Lijing , Jing Dengwei 
Published: April 2022

The synergistic effect between piezocatalysis and photocatalysis create new routes for e− migration and the rate of hydrogen production has greatly increased through 2D La2NiO4 nanoplates.
Assessment on capacity expansion of AC XLPE cable under DC operation with the constraint of temperature and electric field intensity
Authors: Li Jinxian , Yang Fan , Fang Zhankai , Lu Xu , Hu Ran 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe effective design of controlling parameters in AC–DC conversion in power cables has played an important role in transmission security. The state‐of‐the‐art studies determining the voltage level and ampacity of cables are mostly based on the core temperature at 70 ℃. Accordingly, this paper proposed a technique to determine the cable DC voltage level and ampacity of AC–DC conversion by taking operational temperature, the steady and the transient state electric field intensity constraints and the critical reversal temperature difference (CRTD) into account. The results of the research indicated that the voltages of 66 kV AC cable can be transformed to ±55 kV, ±50 kV and below, the voltages of 35 kV AC cable can be transformed to ±50 kV, ±30 kV and below, the voltages of 10 kV AC cable can be transformed to ±20 kV, ±10 kV and below. Although one of three phases is idle, the capacity of transmission line has improved effectively, and the idle phase could be an alternate to enhance the reliability. Compared with AC operation, the maximum transmission capacity of DC operation increased on different levels. The design results and the approaches of AC‐DC conversion in this paper can contribute a valuable recommendation to the electrical engineering field.
Research on optimal matching of renewable energy power generation system and ship power system
Authors: Cheng Peng , Pan Tao , Li Ruiye , Liang Ning 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn order to realize the comprehensive utilization of multiple energy sources in renewable energy ships and improve the utilization rate of renewable energy and system economy, this paper studies the matching and optimization of renewable energy power generation system and ship power system. Firstly, the structure of renewable energy ship power system is introduced. Considering the natural conditions and the actual situation of the ship for the first time, the wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation and energy storage devices are configured in the ship power system. The objective function including system annual average cost and system reliability index is established. The constraint conditions are determined, and the system energy scheduling strategy is proposed. Then, the influence of the introduction of renewable energy generation system and energy storage device on the ship power system is analyzed. Finally, particle swarm optimization and improved algorithm are used to optimize and solve the configuration problem. The relationship between the loss of power supply probability and energy excess percentage in ship power system is analyzed for the first time, which provides a reference for the optimal allocation scheme of actual ship. The results are helpful to improve the economy and system reliability of renewable energy ships.
Reaktive Arthritis
Authors: Rihl Markus , Kuipers Jens G. 
Published: April 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie reaktive Arthritis (ReA) ist definiert als sterile Gelenkentzündung, die innerhalb von Tagen bis Wochen nach einer extraartikulären bakteriellen Infektion (Primärinfektion) auftritt. Die häufigsten auslösenden Infektionen stellen eine Urethritis durch Chlamydia trachomatis bzw. eine Gastroenteritis durch Enterobakterien, seltener respiratorische Infekte, dar. Die Erreger oder Erregerbestandteile persistieren im Gelenk, sind aber im Gegensatz zur septisch-bakteriellen Arthritis nicht aus dem Gelenk anzüchtbar. Die typische artikuläre Manifestation der HLA-B27-assoziierten ReA, die zur Gruppe der Spondyloarthritiden (SpA) gezählt wird, ist die asymmetrische Oligoarthritis der unteren Extremität; seltener sind der Befall des Achsenskelettes oder extraartikuläre Manifestationen wie Enthesitis oder Iritis. Die Arthritis ist zu Beginn oft sehr schmerzhaft und hochentzündlich und zumeist selbstlimitierend. Chronische Verläufe, die nicht ausreichend auf symptomatische Therapie ansprechen, treten in bis zu 30 % der Patienten auf; für diese Formen sind immunmodulierende Therapien reserviert. Eine zunehmende Zahl von Fallbeschreibungen und kleineren, prospektiven Untersuchungen zeigen eine sehr gute Wirksamkeit von Biologika wie TNF-α-, IL6- und IL17-Inhibitoren.
Borreliose
Authors: Craig-Müller Nils , Venhoff Nils 
Published: April 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Lyme-Borreliose mit sehr unterschiedlichen Krankheitsmanifestationen wird durch verschiedene Erreger des Genus Borrelia verursacht. Borrelien werden (in Deutschland) durch die Schildzecke Ixodes ricinus übertragen. Einblicke in die Pathophysiologie erlauben ein besseres Verständnis von Krankheitsmanifestation, Diagnostik und Therapie der Borreliose. Abhängig vom jeweiligen Erreger (Spezies und Genotyp) können sich die Bakterien lokal vermehren oder auch in unterschiedliche Organe verteilen. Durch verschiedene Mechanismen entziehen sich Borrelien dem Zugriff durch unser Immunsystem, was zu einer starken jedoch ineffizienten Immunantwort führen kann. Die Symptome werden fast ausschließlich durch diese Immunantwort verursacht, was die Lyme-Borreliose zu einer wichtigen Differenzialdiagnose in der Rheumatologie macht. Neben der Klinik, Diagnostik und Therapie der Lyme-Borreliose befasst sich dieser Beitrag mit der Pathophysiologie, was über ein besseres Verstehen der Erkrankung zu Fehlervermeidung im klinischen Alltag führen dürfte.
Septische Arthritis nativer Gelenke
Authors: Jabsen Johanna , Seitz Sebastian 
Published: April 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie septische Arthritis ist eine durch Infektionserreger ausgelöste entzündliche Gelenkerkrankung. Sie stellt einen klinischen Notfall dar und ist daher schnell und sicher von Differenzialdiagnosen abzugrenzen. Die klinischen Symptome umfassen die typischen Entzündungszeichen meist nur eines Gelenks. Eine rasche Diagnostik ist von großer Bedeutung für den Therapieerfolg und damit der Abwendung von irreversiblen Schäden. Goldstandard in der Diagnostik ist die Punktion mit Gewinnung von Synovialflüssigkeit sowie die Labor- und mikrobiologische Untersuchung. Entscheidend für die erfolgreiche Therapie ist eine frühzeitige Einleitung einer antimikrobiellen erregerspezifischen Behandlung nach Probeentnahme sowie die operative Sanierung des Gelenks.
Reducing Perinatal Mortality in India: Two-Years Results of the IRIA Fetal Radiology Samrakshan Program
Authors: Choorakuttil Rijo M. , Rajalingam Bavaharan , Satarkar Shilpa R. , Sharma Lalit K. , Gupta Anjali , Baghel Akanksha , Jain Neelam , Palanisamy Devarajan , Shenoy Ramesh , Senthilvel Karthik , Dhankar Sandhya , Aneja Kavita , Dwivedi Somya , Nagar Shweta , Soni Sonali Kimmatkar , Chhajer Gulab , Pradeep Sunitha , Onkar Prashant M. , Skandhan Avni K.P. , Rajput Eesha , Sharma Renu , Shentar Srinivas , Saboo Suresh , Antony Amel , Nair M.R. Balachandran , Patekar Tejashree Y. , Ahuja Bhupendra , Patel Hemant , Kunnumal Mohanan , Sodani Rajendra K. , Rao M.V. Kameswar , Bhatele Pushparaj , Kavthale Sandeep , Patkar Deepak , Singh Rajeev , Chelladurai Amarnath , Nirmalan Praveen K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAim The aim of the study is to determine improvements in perinatal mortality at the end of the first 2 years from the initiation of the Samrakshan program of the Indian Radiological and Imaging Association.Methods Samrakshan is a screening program of pregnant women that uses trimester-specific risk assessment protocols including maternal demographics, mean arterial pressure, and fetal Doppler studies to classify women as high risk or low risk for preterm preeclampsia (PE) and fetal growth restriction (FGR). Low dose aspirin 150 mg daily once at bedtime was started for pregnant women identified as high risk in the 11–136/7 weeks screening. The third-trimester screening focused on the staging of FGR and protocol-based management for childbirth and risk assessment for PE. Outcomes of childbirth including gestational age at delivery, development of PE, and perinatal mortality outcomes were collected.Results Radiologists from 38 districts of 16 states of India participated in the Samrakshan program that screened 2,816 first trimester, 3,267 second trimester, and 3,272 third trimester pregnant women, respectively. At 2 years, preterm PE was identified in 2.76%, preterm births in 19.28%, abnormal Doppler study in 25.76% of third trimester pregnancies, and 75.32% of stage 1 FGR delivered at term. The neonatal mortality rate was 9.86/1,000 live births, perinatal mortality rate was 18.97/1,000 childbirths, and maternal mortality was 58/100,000 live births compared with 29.5, 36, and 113, respectively in 2016.Conclusion Fetal Doppler integrated antenatal ultrasound studies in Samrakshan led to a significant reduction in preterm PE rates, preterm birth rates, and a significant improvement in mean birth weights. Perinatal, neonatal, and maternal mortality rates are significantly better than the targets for 2030 set by the Sustainable Development Goals-3.
Resection of an Extraovarian Noniuteinized Thecoma in a 14-Year-Old Girl
Authors: Aubert Ophelia , Wachowiak Robin , Roth Christian , Höhn Anne K. , Lacher Martin , Mayer Steffi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThecomas are rare benign sex cord-stromal tumors that account for less than 1% of all ovarian tumors. They usually affect postmenopausal women and become symptomatic with abnormal bleeding. In adolescents, less than 10 cases have been reported so far, mainly with symptoms of hormonal disbalance. Extraovarian thecomas represent an even rarer entity, with only two cases described so far, none of them in the pediatric population.We report the case of a 14-year-old girl who presented with sudden-onset abdominal pain, dysuria, and fever, as well as highly elevated serum inflammation parameters. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a large, inhomogeneous pelvic mass (16 cm × 9 cm × 13 cm) with indistinct margins, suggestive of an infiltrative malignant teratoma or sarcoma. Laparoscopy confirmed a large mass of unknown origin. In contrast to the infiltrative character seen on preoperative MRI, the tumor could be easily exteriorized and resected after conversion to laparotomy. Ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus remained unaffected. Histopathology revealed a benign nonluteinized thecoma. The postoperative course and 19-month follow-up were uneventful.
A Way to Start Transanal Total Mesorectal Excision for Rectal Cancer
Authors: Martins Ruben , Revez Tatiana , Morais Henrique , Henriques Pedro , Cardoso Nicole , Manso Isabel , Leote Lina , Santos Martins dos 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction The optimal rectal cancer care is achieved by a multidisciplinary approach, with a high-quality surgical resection, with complete mesorectal excision and adequate margins. New approaches like the transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) aim to achieve these goals, maximizing the sphincter preservation ratio, with good oncologic and functional results. This report describes a way to implement TaTME without a proctor, presents the first case series of this approach in a center experienced in rectal cancer, and compares the results with those of the international literature.
Methods We performed a retrospective study of the first 10 consecutive patients submitted to TaTME for rectal cancer at our institution. The primary outcomes were postoperative complications, pathological specimen quality and local recurrence rate. The results and performance were compared with the outcomes of a known structured program with proctorship and with the largest meta-analysis on this topic.
Results All patients had locally advanced cancer; therefore, all underwent neoadjuvant therapy. A total of 30% had postoperative complications, without mortality or re-admissions. In comparison with the structured training program referred, no differences were found in postoperative complications and reintervention rates, resulting in a similar quality of resection. Comparing these results with those of the largest meta-analysis on the subject, no differences in the postoperative complication rates were found, and very similar outcomes regarding anastomotic leaks and oncological quality of resection were registered.
Conclusion The results of this study validate the safety and effectiveness of our pathway regarding the implementation of the TaTME approach, highlighting the fact that it should be done in a center with proficiency in minimally invasive rectal surgery.
An Analysis of the Diversity and Inclusion Content Featured on Ophthalmology Residency Program Web Sites
Authors: Cohen Samuel A. , Cohen Landon E. , Pershing Suzann 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction Ophthalmology departments have been stated to be among the least diverse clinical departments at United States medical schools. Improvement requires recruiting a pipeline of diverse trainees. Residency program Web sites represent a potential diversity and inclusion recruitment tool. This study assesses how ophthalmology residency program Web sites demonstrate a commitment to diversity and inclusion.
Methods We analyzed the diversity and inclusion content of 116 ophthalmology residency program Web sites in April 2021. Main outcome measures were the presence of 12 diversity and inclusion elements on program Web sites, based on prior work and Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education guidelines: nondiscrimination statement, diversity and inclusion message, community resources, extended faculty or resident biographies (including hobbies, etc.), faculty photos, resident photos, additional financial resources for trainees, wellness resources, mental health resources, health disparities/community engagement, and diversity council. We used Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests to assess whether residency program characteristics such as rank, size, university affiliation, and geographic location were associated with commitment to diversity and inclusion on affiliated residency Web sites.
Results Ophthalmology residency program Web sites included a mean of 4.4 ± 2.1 diversity elements. Sixteen percent of programs featured more than half (7 + ) of the evaluated diversity elements. The most featured common diversity elements included resident photos (85.3%), faculty photos (78.4%), and community resources (64.3%). Extended faculty biographies (2.6%), mental health resources (9.5%), and diversity council information (11.2%) were less commonly showcased. Top-ranked programs (7.6 ± 1.8, p < 0.0001) and university-based/-affiliated programs (4.7 ± 2.8, p = 0.0039) displayed more diversity elements than lower-ranked (4.1 ± 1.8) and community-based programs (2.8 ± 1.7).
Conclusion Most ophthalmology residency program Web sites feature less than half of the 12 diversity and inclusion elements included in this study, suggesting room for improvement. By drawing attention to program diversity and inclusion efforts, Web sites offer a potential tool for residency programs to consider in their recruitment efforts for diverse trainees. Incorporating the diversity and inclusion elements analyzed in this study represents a low-burden way to signal a greater commitment to diversity that could help programs recruit diverse applicants.
Bipolar Lumbar Radiofrequency Medial Branch Neurotomy in a Patient with Deep Brain Stimulation Implant
Authors: Bara Gregor A. , Salemdawod Abdallah , Vychopen Martin , Rana Shaleen , Vatter Hartmut , Maciaczyk Jaroslaw , Scorzin Jasmin , Banat Mohammed 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChronic axial lower back pain is one of the most common conditions that patients seek medical attention for in pain practices. About 15 to 40% of axial lower back pain is due to facet-mediated pain. Diagnostic blocks of the medial branch reliably identify the facet joint as the pain generator and offer a prognostic factor for response to radiofrequency neurotomy of the identified facet joints resulting in profound pain relief. However, deep brain stimulation implants have been considered a contraindication for neurotomy. We present an illustrative case of a patient with deep brain stimulation system treated with bipolar medial branch neurotomy using a two-needle technique.
The Development of the Mesenteric Model of Abdominal Anatomy
Authors: Byrnes Kevin Gerard , Cullivan Orla , Walsh Dara , Coffey J. Calvin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecent advances in mesenteric anatomy have clarified the shape of the mesentery in adulthood. A key finding is the recognition of mesenteric continuity, which extends from the oesophagogastric junction to the mesorectal level. All abdominal digestive organs develop within, or on, the mesentery and in adulthood remain directly connected to the mesentery. Identification of mesenteric continuity has enabled division of the abdomen into two separate compartments. These are the mesenteric domain (upon which the abdominal digestive system is centered) and the non-mesenteric domain, which comprises the urogenital system, musculoskeletal frame, and great vessels. Given this anatomical endpoint differs significantly from conventional descriptions, a reappraisal of mesenteric developmental anatomy was recently performed. The following narrative review summarizes recent advances in abdominal embryology and mesenteric morphogenesis. It also examines the developmental basis for compartmentalizing the abdomen into two separate domains along mesenteric lines.