bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction of Irrigation, Evaporative Cooling, and Ethephon on Fruit Quality of ‘Delicious’ Apple 1
Authors: Unrath C. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Under the relatively dry and hot conditions which prevailed in 1972, both evaporative cooling and (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) improved fruit color and accelerated fruit maturity. The ethephon-evaporative cooling interaction on color and maturity was far superior to either one alone. Combined cooling-ethephon treatment resulted in 77% crop removal the first week of the season vs. only 5% in the control plot. Evaporative cooling also eliminated the leaf phytotoxicity of 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)propionic acid (fenoprop), which was observed under heat stress conditions. In a drier production area, ethephon advanced maturity but did not increase red color. In an adjoining orchard ethephon applied after a 5 cm (2 inch) soil irrigation resulted in an additional 31% of the fruit surface showing red color within 10 days after application.
Response of Muskmelon Botanical Varieties to Pickleworm Infestation1
Authors: Corley W. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
No immunity to pickleworm damage was found among 40 plant introductions of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L). However, a Dudaim type, PI 273438, and two agrestis types, PI 137843 and PI 140471, showed significantly lower susceptibility in preliminary tests with 8 muskmelon botanical varieties.
Differences Among Poinsettias in Tolerance to Sulfur Dioxide1
Authors: Heggestad Howard E. , Tuthill Kenneth L. , Stewart Robert N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Eight cultivars of poinsettia, Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch., were exposed to sulfur dioxide under controlled-environment conditions. A new cultivar, ‘Ruff & Reddy’, showed the most overall tolerance while ‘Rudolph’ and ‘Mikkel Blaze’ were least tolerant. The bracts of ‘Annette Hegg’ were injured most by sulfur dioxide, whereas the bracts of ‘Ruff & Reddy’ and ‘Eckespoint C-1’ were not visibly injured at the dosage levels tested. The wide range in tolerance to SO2 among the 8 different genotypes indicates a potential for breeding and selection of tolerant cultivars.
High Intensity Supplementary Lighting During Rooting of Herbaceous Cuttings1
Authors: Carpenter W. J. , Beck G. R. , Anderson G. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Continuous high intensity supplementary lighting from October to March with a combination of Lucalox and Multivapor lamps at 116W/m2 reduced the number of days to root vegetative cuttings of chrysanthemum, geranium and poinsettia and increased root number, length, and fresh weight over non-lighted cuttings. Lighting benefits were lost at 174W/m2 when foliar chlorosis developed and delayed rooting and reduced root growth. Leaf temperature of misted cuttings receiving 116W/m2 and 174W/m2 of supplementary light on sunny December days were 2.7° and 5.1°C, respectively, higher than non-lighted leaves.
The Strawberry Industry in Italy1
Authors: Branzanti E. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The strawberry industry in Italy in 1960, although fairly extensive (6, 539 ha), produced a low crop (Table 1). In view of the primitive cultural techniques that existed at that time, increased expansion seemed unlikely. However, a rapid change began in 1961. The growth that occurred in the following years was caused by two factors: 1) Increasing demand in both Italian and European markets; and 2) improvement of cultivars and cultural techniques.
New Systems of Apple Tree Culture1
Authors: Carlson Robert F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The American fruit industry in the last. 25 years has gone through a evolutionary period exemplified by the changes in equipment, cultivars, rootstocks, culture, and handling and marketing. In addition, land values have increased steadily during this same period. The slow change has been interesting and stimulating. The next 25 years will bring more changes and refinements of orchard practices. This report summarizes some changes in planting systems and describes trends in tree densities related to present and future orchard culture. Various systems, new to this country, have been used in Europe for many years and some have been adapted to North America.
Further Evidence on Age of Ancient Viable Lotus Seeds from Pulantien Deposit, Manchuria1
Authors: Wester Horace V. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In 1951, two seeds of East Indian lotus (Nelumbium spectiosum Willd.) were germinated from an ancient lakebed deposit at Pulantien in southeast Manchuria. Libby, by the 14Carbon test, determined that a sample of similar seeds was 1040 ± 210 years old. This determination was accepted by botanists, until Godwin and Willis in 1964 redetermined their age from Libby's tested material, as only 100 ± 60 years old. Further evidence presented in this paper supports Libby's determination when interpreted as an average age of the seeds. This evidence, mainly historical, indicates the seeds accumulated in the above lakebed from about 371-1484. In 1951, this would establish the seeds as having an approximate age range of 467-1580 years, or an average age of 1024 years. This closely agrees with Libby's determination of 1040 ± 210 years.
Register of New Fruit and Nut Varieties List 281
Authors: Brooks Reid M. , Olmo H. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Robson.-Orig. in Durham, California, by S. J. Toy, Agscience Serv., Chico, Calif. Introd. in 1972. Plant pat. 3,085, Mar. 28, 1972. Chance sdlg., disc, in 1964. Nut: size medium; hull thin; shell soft, well-sealed, shaped like Nonpareil but thicker with pronounced neck at point of attachment to pedicel; kernel slightly darker than Nonpareil but not as dark as Mission, av. 25 per oz., flavor sweet, 55-60% of nut. Tree: resembles Nonpareil; very productive; flower blooms 1-2 days earlier and 1-2 days later than Nonpareil; cross-pollinates with Nonpareil, NePlus Ultra, Peerless, Mission and Drake.
Effects of NAA and Sevin on the Structure of Apple Pedicels1
Authors: Schneider G. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pre-June drop sprays of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) applied to apple trees increased the radial pedicel-xylem ratio, the % tracheary cells that were lignified, and the number of mature treacheary cells on the 7th day following treatment No significant response for these characters were obtained with sprays of 1-naphthyl methyl carbamate (Sevin). Both NAA- and Sevin-treated pedicels had a higher percentage of sclereids that contained nuclei. Neither material affected pedicel diameter, width of phloem or xylem, size of newest lignified tracheary cells, number of immature secondary tracheary cells, or the radial xylem-phloem and pedicel-phloem ratios.
Systems for Scoring Quality of Harvested Lettuce1
Authors: Kader Adel A. , Lipton Werner J. , Morris Leonard L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Numerical rating scales and their descriptive equivalents for firmness, visual quality, decay, butt discoloration, wilting, and other defects of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) are described. Also presented are scoring systems for brown stain, russet spotting, and rusty-brown discoloration of crisphead lettuce that consider severity of lesions, proportion of leaf affected and number of leaves affected in a head.
A Three-Step Method for Weed Control in Onion Seed Fields1
Authors: Torell P. J. , Franklin D. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A 3-step method for weed control in onion seed fields is described which involves early spring tillage to kill winter-annual weeds; mid-spring tillage plus a preemergence herbicide to kill spring-annual weeds and a directed herbicide spray at layby time to kill the summer-annual weeds. The method gave nearly complete season-long weed control on experimental plots as well as commercial onion seed fields.
‘Waltztime’ Geranium1
Authors: Buck Griffith J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The garden or zonal geranium (Pelargonium × hortorum Bailey) has long enjoyed popularity as a garden and greenhouse plant because of its brilliantly colored flowers and tolerance to various degrees of culture. Despite their popularity, most cultivars of P. × hortorum are not well adapted to areas with high summer night temperatures and high relative humidities. The two putative parental species, P. inquinans (L.) L'Her. ex Ait. and P. zonale (L.) L'Her. ex Ait., are native to the subdesert areas of South Africa, which, in common with similar areas around the world, have low humidity and a high day, low night temperature cycle. Further, the early development of the garden geranium occurred in Europe and the northeastern United States where tolerance to high night temperatures was not required.
New Vegetable Varieties List XIX1
Authors: _ _ , Lower R. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Eighteen prior lists of new vegetable varieties introduced since 1936 were published in Vols. 63, 65, 67, 69, 70, 75, 77, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90 and 92 of Proceedings of the American Society for Horticultural Science, and Vols. 4(1), 5(3) and 6(2) of HortScience. A compilation of list I through XV entitled Descriptive List of Vegetable Varieties was published jointly by the American Seed Trade Association, Inc. and the American Society for Horticultural Science in September 1972 and can be obtained from either organization.
The following abbreviations are used: exp. desig.–experimental designation; orig.–originated at or by; intr.–introduced by; par.–parentage or parents; char.–outstanding characteristics; res.–resistant to; tol.–tolerant to; sim .–similar to or resembles; sel.–selection or selected; adapt.–adapted to or adaptation.
Wick-action Method for Germination of Seeds1
Authors: Knudson L. L. , Tibbitts T. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The method of seed germination utilizing saturated filter paper in a petri dish requires frequent care to avoid dessication, as water is absorbed by the seeds and also lost by evaporation around the edges of the dish. The following technique provides a continuous, uniform moisture supply for seed germination.
Boron Toxicity of Chrysanthemum1
Authors: Gogue G. Jay , Sanderson Kenneth C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Boron ranging from 13 to 800 ppm was applied (100 ml per 15 cm pot) to the media of the Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. cvs. Improved Albatross and CF No. 2 Good News. Seasonal variation was observed in injury time and foliar toxic levels. Boron toxicity symptoms were observed at foliar levels of 136 ppm in ‘Improved Albatross’ and 350 ppm in ‘CF No. 2 Good News’ 4 days after B application in an April to May experiment, while 7 to 28 days were required to produce symptoms at foliar levels of 158 ppm in ‘Improved Albatross’ and 144 ppm in ‘CF No. 2 Good News’ in a December to March experiment. Stem length and flower diameter decreased with increases in B concentration applied. Foliar B levels exceeding 100 ppm reduced growth.
Sensitivity of Roadside Trees and Shrubs to Aerial Drift of Deicing Salt1
Authors: Lumis G. P. , Hofstra G. , Hall R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Specific injury symptoms were observed on 75 deciduous and coniferous species growing adjacent (8 to 40 m) to roadways and exposed to aerial drift of deicing salt Susceptible deciduous species (e.g. Cornus stolonifera Michx., Fagus gradifolia Ehrh.) exhibited twig dieback, evidence of previous dieback and inhibition of flowering while damage to conifers (e.g. Pinus strobus L., Thuja occidentalis L.) was evident as needle browning, premature needle abscission and twig dieback. Plants with resinous buds, submerged buds and needle cuticular wax seemed resistant to damage. A distinction between runoff of salty water and aerial salt spray is important when assessing plant damage.
Transplanter Modification and Survival of Transplants under No-tillage Conditions1
Authors: Morrison John E. , Milbocker Daniel C. , Atkinson William O. , Smiley Jones H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A tractor-drawn transplanting machine was substantially modified for operation in chemically-killed sods. The modifications included using a rolling coulter, double-disc furrow opener, narrow press wheels and considerable ballast weight. The use of this transplanter makes possible plot and field trials with transplanted-type crops under “no-tillage“ culture.
Sod plots were treated with one or more applications of Paraquat herbicide to kill the vegetation. Tobacco, tomato and pepper plants were established in conventional and no-tillage plots. Plant survivability was generally more variable using no-tillage, but the significant differences were attributed to non-machine cultural problems. The no-till transplanter operátion was adequate under all conditions encountered.
Induction of Aerial Crowns in Asparagus officinalis L., by Kinetin — IAA Treatment1
Authors: Yang Hsu-Jen , Clore W. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
6-Furfuxylamino purine (kinetin) at 0.1% plus indoleacetic acid (IAA) at 0.005 to 0.025% in lanolin, applied directly to the lateral buds at nodes on the basal portion of stems induced aerial crown formation with shoot growth.
Seed Treatment with Dichloromethane and Gibberellin Modifies Sex Expression of Gynoecious Cucumber1
Authors: Globerson D. , Dagan A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seeds of gynoecious cucumber (Cucumis sativa L.) were soaked for 2 to 4 hours in a solution of dichloromethane (DCM)+ gibberellic acid (GA4+7). Staminate flowers were produced on the first 6-8 nodes in plants which developed from these seeds, whereas plants developing from seeds soaked in GA4+7 + water produced only pistillate flowers as did control plants from seeds soaked only in water.
Viability of Apple Blossom Buds after Test Freezing1
Authors: Chen Paul , Li P. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The viability of apple blossom buds after test freezing was quantitatively estimated by the technique of electrical conductivity combined with visual observation. A sharp increase in the percent of leaching always indicated freezing injury to the blossom. This technique can provide not only a quantitative estimation of freezing injury but it can detect small differences in the cold tolerance existing between species.
‘Tejas’ Pecan1
Authors: Madden George D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Tejas’ pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wang.) K. Koch] is a precocious, prolific bearer and has profuse branching with strong crotch angles and dense foliage. It's nuts are easily shelled by commercial machinery. It has performed very satisfactorily in Southwestern United States and should perform as well in the Southeast under a good fungicide spray program.
Bridging the Gap1
Authors: Leach David G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
I should like to discuss how two very different organizations can get together for their common good. This is a problem which is not entirely new. John Ruskin, the great 19th century essayist, infuriated Asa Gray, an equally great 19th century botanist, when he said that botanists are blind and stupid in maintaining that the purpose of a flower is the production of seed. “No such thing,” retorted Ruskin, “the purpose of a seed is the production of a flower.”
High Intensity Supplementary Lighting of Chrysanthemum Stock Plants1
Authors: Anderson G. A. , Carpenter W. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Stock plants of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. cv. ‘Bright Golden Anne’ lighted continuously from September 30 to May 15 with Multivapor and Lucalox lamps (100 W/m2) produced more cuttings than those receiving only seasonal daylight and photoperiod lighting. High intensity supplementary lighting improved cutting quality by increased fresh and dry weight and stem diameter. Cuttings from plants receiving high intensity lighting rooted in fewer days, had greater root fresh and dry weights, and greater top fresh weight than plants lighted photoperiodically. After transplanting, the cuttings given high intensity light became established more rapidly and developed into flowering plants of higher quality.
Stimulating Emergence and Growth of Kalmia Genotypes with CO21
Authors: Heichel G. H. , Jaynes R. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Prior to transplanting at 50 days, CO2 enrichment stimulated emergence in 4 of 6 surface-seeded Kalmia genotypes 19 to 88%, advanced development by 1 to 3 leaves, and increased leaf area of seedlings 7- to 28-fold compared with controls. After transplanting, seedlings grown in CO2 enriched air accrued 4 to 7 more leaves and about 100 mm2 more leaf area per plant in 15 days than the controls. Recovery from pinching was also hastened by CO2 enrichment.
Color Variation of Creeping Bentgrass Cultivars as Related to Iron and Chlorophyll1
Authors: Pocklington T. E. , Butler J. D. , Hodges T. K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Color Variations of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) are correlated with the iron and Chlorophyll content in leaf tissues. The color value and Chlorophyll content of ‘Cohansey’, a light green cultivar, increases significantly 2 hours after the application of ferrous sulphate. However, ‘IaGreen 4-45’, a dark green cultivar, shows little response. Increases in Chlorophyll or color following iron treatment are temporary. Chlorophyll content of creeping bentgrass cultivars varied during the growing season, and peaked in August.
Stimulation of Side Shoots of Broccoli by Chemical Pinching Agents1
Authors: Palevitch D. , Pressman E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Several chemical pinching agents tested in the greenhouse inhibited terminal bud growth and stimulated side shoot growth of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. Italica group). The most effective materials were n-decanol and two commercial producta which were combinations of 45% methyl esters of fatty acids (Emgard = 4% C8, 94% C9, 2% C10 and Off Shoot 0 = 4% C6, 56% C8, 38% C10, 2% C12). More side shoots suitable for processing developed in the chemically-treated plants than in the hand-pinched plants. In the field both of the two materials tested, Emgard and n-decanol, inhibited terminal inflorescences but n-decanol was more effective.
Influence of Nitrogen and Maturity Rate on Hollow Stem in Broccoli1
Authors: Hipp Billy W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Percent hollow stem in broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. Italica group) was increased as N fertilizer rate increased. Hollow stem incidence was greatest at first harvest but declined with each harvest thereafter. The relationship between days to maturity and percent hollow stems could be described by a parabolic regression equation which indicated that hollow stem percentage was negligible if time to maturity was 110 days or more.
A Preliminary Evaluation of a Centrifuge Technique for Measuring Maturity in Sweet Corn1
Authors: Arnold Charles Y. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sample ears of sweet corn (Zea mays L.) were run through a modified hand cutter in such a way as to leave me pericarp on the cob and remove the endosperm and embryo. A 50g sample was combined with 50 ml of 80% ethanol and blended at ‘chop’ speed for 4 minutes with a blender. The blend was then centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes. The centrifuged product was distinctly layered. The ratio of the volume of the 2 semisolid layers changed significantly with maturity and is suggested as a criterion of the same. The ratio appears to be less affected by moisture stress in plants at time of sampling than criteria used in other tests.
Importance of Plants in Oxygen Production, Carbon Dioxide Consumption, and Air Purification1
Authors: Craig Weidensaul T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Plants are vital for man’s welfare for their value as food, feed, fiber, ornamental beauty, construction materials, paper, medicines, conservers of water, and many other uses. However, their importance as suppliers of oxygen and their value as air purifiers have been questioned. This paper will present some of the facts regarding the relative importance of green plants in the production of oxygen and consumption of carbon dioxide and will put the role of plants in proper perspective as air purifiers.
Cytokinin-induced Axillary Bud Sprouting in Macadamia1
Authors: Boswell S. B. , Storey W. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sprays of a synthetic cytokinin, 6-(benzylamino)-9-(2-tetrahydropyranyl)-9H-purine (PBA), applied to seedlings of Macadamia tetraphylla L. in the greenhouse resulted in sprouting of axillary buds, and reduced growth of the terminal shoot. Terminal removal caused lateral shoot development in more seedlings than PBA.
TH 656, a Promising New Material for Thinning ‘Wilking’ Mandarin Fruit1
Authors: Spiegel-Roy P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In fruit thinning experiments performed during the June, 1970 drop period in mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Wilking), both 200 and 400 ppm naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), applied 6 days before extremely onset of hot weather, increased fruit size without significantly decreasing yield. Under other conditions, NAA sprays did not cause enough additional fruit drop to thin the crop. In 1972, 400 and 600 ppm NAA proved ineffective. A new thinning agent, 1-(α-naphthaleneacetyl)-3,5 dimethyl-pyrazole (TH656) applied at 160 ppm, brought about a significant increase in fruit size without decreasing yield.
The Role of the Federal Government in Integrated Pest Management
Authors: Tschirley Fred H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Although the concept of integrated pest management is not new, it has become a catchword in recent years for many individuals who have a deep concern for the quality of our environment. Many who are new to the field of pest control find in the concept of integrated pest management the promise that an integrated approach will in some magical way cure the environmental ills, real or imagined, that they see alising from current pest control practices. I believe it fair to say that there is both sophistication and naivete in their belief, but probably more of the latter. The problems involved in the integrated management of pests are extremely complex. Their resolution through research requires a high degree of sophistication, and no less sophistication is required of those who put integrated pest management principles into practical use.
An integrated method to study and plan aquifer recharge
Authors: Varouchakis Emmanouil A. , Kalaitzaki Eleftheria , Trichakis Ioannis , Corzo Perez Gerald A. , Karatzas George P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study presents a simple framework methodology for selecting the most appropriate locations for managed aquifer recharge (MAR). The proposed approach is applicable to aquifers that are located in coastal or mountainous areas and are used either for agricultural or industrial (e.g., mining) activities. A characteristic case study for the identification of the areas that are the most suitable for aquifer recharge using a GIS multi-criteria decision analysis (GIS-MCDA) method by means of MAR type spreading methods is the Geropotamos basin, Crete, Greece. Criteria combining a high relevance and high data availability, and providing unique information, were selected to assess the suitability of aquifer recharge in the basin. The criteria applied to evaluate the sites’ suitability for MAR spreading methods are hydrogeology, slope, land use, rainfall, groundwater level, soil texture and distance to source water. This study uses the ‘Pairwise comparison’ to assign criteria weights, as part of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and examines four different scenarios. In all four scenarios, downstream areas, and close to the river Geropotamos, coincide as the most appropriate for aquifer recharge.