bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive comparison of facial skin hydration based on capacitance and conductance measurements in Chinese women
Authors: Voegeli Rainer , Cherel Marie , Schoop Rotraut , Rawlings Anthony V. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the data of conductance and capacitance measurements of facial skin hydration and to evaluate and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the different approaches.MethodsWe measured skin capacitance (Corneometer® CM 825) and skin conductance (Skicon‐200EX®) on 30 pre‐defined facial sites of 125 Chinese women, resulting in 3750 readings per device. The data were analysed and compared, and continuous colour maps were generated on a 3D avatar for capacitance, conductance, relative difference (Δ%) and correlation (R‐value) by interpolating between the individual readings and converting the values to colours. This visualization allows a better interpretation of the results.ResultsThe complexity of facial skin hydration is revealed by this approach. The similarities and discrepancies in the facial hydration maps are clearly apparent. Due to the superiority of the Skicon in measuring high hydration levels, differences in skin hydration were evident on the forehead compared with the Corneometer maps, which may be related to the more superficial measurement of the Skicon within the stratum corneum. Conversely, a greater understanding of the complexity of facial skin hydration in the nasolabial fold was obvious when using the Corneometer. The best congruence between the instruments was found at two specific but separated facial areas, one around the inner eye region and the other one on a line between the nasolabial sulcus and the oblique, lateral jaw. Interestingly, the data were not normally distributed for both instruments and they had opposite skews. All facial clusters were statistically different from each other (p < 0.001), except the cheek and jaw for the Skicon. Larger than expected percentage coefficients of variance were found for the Corneometer on some facial sites that might be explainable by differences in stratum corneum physiology and biochemistry. Corneometer values of 48 AU and Skicon values of 132 μS were taken as the cutoff for normally hydrated facial skin.ConclusionsBoth devices have their advantages and disadvantages suggesting that bio‐instrumental measurement of skin hydration is actually more complicated than commonly thought and that the different facial zones and the use of multiple instrumentation have not been adequately considered.
High‐amylose bread wheat and its effects on cooking quality and nutritional properties of pasta
Authors: De Arcangelis Elisa , Angelicola Martina , Trivisonno Maria Carmela , Iacovino Silvio , Falasca Luisa , Lafiandra Domenico , Sestili Francesco , Messia Maria Cristina , Marconi Emanuele 
Published: August 2022

SummaryPasta samples were produced by replacing durum wheat semolina with high‐amylose bread wheat semolina‐type flour in proportions of 30%, 50% and 70%. Resistant starch content in uncooked pasta samples varied from 4.9% of total starch in high‐amylose pasta with 30% substitution of semolina, to 15.3% of total starch in 100% high‐amylose semolina pasta, achieving the levels established for the health claim. The high amount of resistant starch in cooked pasta caused a reduction of starch digestion rate in all samples with high‐amylose flour substitution compared to control. The expected glycaemic index lowered from 53.8 in control pasta (durum wheat semolina) to 48 in 100% high‐amylose pasta (bread wheat semolina). The inclusion of high‐amylose flour in proportion of 70% combined the best cooking and nutritional properties, but is expectable a further improvement in pasta quality with the adoption of tailored processing protocols.
Cognitive reserve and risk of mobility impairment in older adults
Authors: Holtzer Roee , Zhu Xiaonan , Rosso Andrea L. , Rosano Caterina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundCognitive reserve (CR) protects against cognitive decline and dementia but its relation to mobility impairment has not been established. To address this important gap in the literature, we conducted a longitudinal investigation to test the hypothesis that higher baseline CR was associated with a lower risk of developing mobility impairment in older adults.MethodsParticipants were dementia‐free older adults who received brain magnetic resonance imaging and had gait speed assessments during follow‐up. Using the residuals approach, CR was computed as the variance in the Modified Mini‐Mental Status Examination total score, that was left after accounting for structural brain integrity, education, and race. Mobility impairment was defined using a validated cutoff score in gait speed of 0.8 m/s. Logistic regression models using general estimating equations were utilized to examine longitudinal associations between baseline CR and the risk of developing mobility impairment across repeated assessments.ResultsOf the participants (n = 237; mean age = 82 years; %female = 56%) who were free of mobility impairment at baseline, 103 developed mobility impairment during follow‐up (mean = 3.1 years). Higher CR at baseline was associated with a lower risk of developing incident mobility impairment—odds ratio (OR) = 0.819, 0.67–0.98, p = 0.038 (unadjusted); OR = 0.815, 0.67–0.99, p = 0.04 (adjusted for socio‐demographic variables and depression); OR = 0.819, 0.68–0.88, p = 0.035 (adjusted for illness history); OR = 0.824, 0.68–0.99, p = 0.045 (adjusted for white matter hyperintensities); OR = 0.795, 0.65–0.95, p = 0.016 (adjusted for falls history).ConclusionHigher CR at baseline was protective against developing incident mobility impairment during follow‐up among community‐residing older adults.
Postcranial skeletal pneumaticity innon‐aquaticneoavians: Insights from accipitrimorphae
Authors: Gutherz Samuel B. , O'Connor Patrick M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPostcranial skeletal pneumaticity, air‐filled bones of the trunk and limbs, is exclusive to birds among extant tetrapods and exhibits significant variation in its expression among different species. Such variation is not random but exhibits relationships with both body mass and locomotor specializations. Most species‐level comparative research to date has focused on aquatic‐oriented taxa (e.g., Anseriformes). The lack of data from non‐aquatic birds constrains our ability to characterize global (i.e., avian‐wide) patterns of this trait complex. To address this gap, the study conducted herein quantified postcranial pneumaticity in Accipitrimorphae, a mostly terrestrial clade composed of species that span a range of body sizes and exhibit diverse flight/foraging behaviors. All examined species (n = 88) invariably pneumatized the postaxial through pre‐caudal vertebrae, sternum, coracoid, humerus, vertebral and sternal ribs, and pelvic girdle, a pattern herein referred to as the accipitrimorph baseline. Of the 88 sampled species, 41 expanded upon this pattern, whereas 10 species exhibited a reduction. No species deviated from the accipitrimorph baseline by more than two anatomical regions. A phylogenetically‐informed regression analysis failed to identify a significant relationship between body mass and pneumaticity. However, specific pneumaticity phenotypes deviating from the baseline were correlated with aspects of wing morphology, tail length, and home range size. Results from this and previous studies provide clarity on two hypotheses: (1) aquatic taxa display distinct pneumaticity expression patterns relative to non‐aquatic birds, notably with reductions in the proportion of the skeleton filled with air in diving specialists and (2) contemporary comparative studies, including the one herein, that explicitly account for phylogenetic relationships consistently fail to support the oft‐cited positive relationship between pneumaticity and body mass. Instead, historical relationships and functional/ecological attributes (e.g., diving, specialized flight behaviors) appear to be the primary drivers underlying patterns of variation in this trait complex.
Building financial capability among low‐income older Asian immigrants: The roles of financial access and locus of control
Authors: Nam Yunju , Sherraden Margaret S. , Lee Eun Jeong , Huang Jin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUsing qualitative data collected from 13 individuals in the federally funded employment training program for low‐income older adults in Los Angeles, California, the study examines financial capability among low‐income older Asian immigrants, with special attention to the roles of financial access. Based on the conceptual framework of financial capability, the in‐depth interview data show barriers to (external and internal) and facilitators (ethnic banking and social support) of financial access among this population. We expand the conceptual framework of financial capability by adding the concepts of financial locus of control and information‐related behaviors, and describe the dynamic process through which locus of control affects financial access, financial behaviors, and financial outcome. For Asian immigrants with internal locus of control, in‐depth interviews vividly illustrate how newly gained financial access transforms individuals' financial outlook. Research, practice, and policy implications are discussed.
Validity of a combination of periodontal pathogens and salivary biomarkers as predictors of periodontitis
Authors: Go Hyeonjeong , Park Taejun , Shin Ah‐Ra , Jung Yun‐Sook , Amano Atsuo , Song Keun‐Bae , Choi Youn‐Hee 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveChronic periodontitis is caused by multiple risk factors. To predict chronic periodontitis in older people, we evaluated the association between a combination of major periodontal pathogens and salivary biomarkers and the presence of periodontitis.MethodsStimulated saliva samples were collected to analyze the prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, and Prevotella intermedia, as well as four biomarkers: interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). A total of 201 Japanese patients were recruited. Oral examinations ware performed to determine chronic periodontitis as measured by Community Periodontal Index. The sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics were also obtained, and the parameters were adjusted as potential confounders to employ statistical models.ResultsThe odds ratio (OR) for the presence of P. gingivalis and the third tertile level of IL‐1β as compared with the absence of P. gingivalis and the lowest tertile of IL‐1β was highest in individuals with periodontitis (OR = 13.98; 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.87–50.52) with the best level (0.79) of area under the curve (AUC) based on the receiver operating characteristic curve. The OR for the presence of P. gingivalis and the third tertile of PGE2 was 7.76 (CI 1.89–31.91) with an AUC of 0.78. The coexistence of more than two periodontal bacteria and the third tertile of PGE2 was also strongly associated with chronic periodontitis (OR = 9.23, 95% CI 2.38–35.79) with an AUC of 0.76.ConclusionsThe combined information of the presence of P. gingivalis in stimulated saliva, and higher levels of salivary IL‐1β may play a vital role in the detection and prediction of chronic periodontitis in older adults.
Polluting resource extraction and climate risk
Authors: Hashem Israa , Marrouch Walid 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUsing a fossil fuel extraction model that treats the atmosphere as a depletable resource, we study the optimal price of carbon in the presence of endogenous uncertainty around a climatic regime shift. We find that the optimal carbon tax should account an uncertainty‐adjusted cost term associated with the environment's scarcity. This term is shown to be sensitive to the natural sequestration rate of the atmosphere and to the probability surrounding a climate tail event. Our analysis also shows that in the presence of uncertainty, the shadow price of the environment should grow at a faster rate. Lastly, compared to the endogenous uncertainty case, we find that if the probability surrounding a regime shift is exogenously given, this shadow price should even grow at a higher rate.
How much are we worth? Experiences of nursing assistants in Swedish nursing homes during the first wave of COVID‐19
Authors: Bergqvist Monica , Bastholm‐Rahmner Pia , Gustafsson Lars L , Holmgren Katarina , Veg Anikó , Wachtler Caroline , Schmidt‐Mende Katharina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundNHs have been severely exposed during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Little is known about how staff who provide practical daily care of older residents experienced work during the pandemic. The aim of this study was to understand how nursing assistants (NAs) experienced their work at nursing homes (NHs) for older people during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study of focus group discussions with in total 20 participants from four NHs in Stockholm, Sweden. Discussions were held in November 2020. Transcripts were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsWe identified three major themes: 1) We felt abandoned, scared and disrespected, 2) We made sure we made it through, and 3) We can do good work with appropriate resources. NAs felt disregarded as they were often left alone without adequate support from managers, registered nurses and the municipalities. NAs felt distressed and guilty and developed their own strategies to cope and manage their work.Conclusion and Implication for PracticeDuring the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic NAs felt abandoned and burdened due to lack of leadership. Organizational improvements are required to protect the wellbeing of NAs and to ensure sustainability of patient safety. NAs are crucial in the care for vulnerable older people and their experiences should constitute a keystone for development of future policy and practice in NHs.
Radiographic Analysis of Pedicle Screw Retractor‐Assisted Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Single‐Segment Spondylolisthesis in Adults: A Retrospective Study and Technical Note
Authors: Xie Hongwei , Ouyang Ziyu , Zhang Hua 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to introduce a retractor that can be temporarily installed on unilateral pedicle screws to achieve distraction‐reduction and nerve root protection, and to analyze the efficacy and safety of retractor‐assisted transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) in the treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of 125 patients who underwent retractor‐assisted TLIF for single‐segment spondylolisthesis from November 2017 to February 2021. Based on morphology, patients were divided into degenerative (N = 66) and isthmic groups (N = 59). Differences in demographics and preoperative characteristics between the groups were analyzed using the independent samples t‐test and χ2 test. Changes in radiographic parameters (disc height, foramen height, spondylolisthesis degree, slippage length, and segmental lordosis) before and after surgery were compared using the paired samples t‐test. Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the relationship between facet joint angle (FJA) and degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLS).ResultsUnilateral screw retractor‐assisted TLIF significantly corrected spondylolisthesis and improved disc height and segmental lordosis (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in foramen height between the two sides before and after operation (pre: 15.81 ± 3.58 mm vs 15.69 ± 3.68 mm, p = 0.599; post: 18.65 ± 2.31 mm vs 18.74 ± 2.26 mm, p = 0.516). The degree of spondylolisthesis in the DLS group before surgery was significantly lower than that in the isthmic spondylolisthesis group (17.70 ± 5.62% vs 25.18 ± 9.73%, p < 0.001), whereas a similar degree of correction could be achieved after surgery (5.91 ± 3.12% vs 7.16 ± 5.69%, p = 0.135). FJAs from L3/4 to L5/S1 were significantly smaller in patients with DLS than those in with isthmic spondylolisthesis (p < 0.05). Patients with facet sagittalization were more likely to have DLS (β: −0.101, odds ratio [OR]:0.904, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.874–0.934, p < 0.001), while the cut‐off FJA of L4/5 for predicting L4 spondylolisthesis was 53.19.ConclusionsPedicle screw retractor‐assisted TLIF is effective and safe in treating both degenerative and isthmic lumbar spondylolisthesis. The unilateral retractor has the capacity to maintain the disc height achieved by paddle distractors, which optimizes the nerve protection and distractor placement. Patients with an FJA on L4/5 <53.19 were more likely to have DLS.
A single‐center study points to diverse features and outcome in patients with Hyperimmunoglobulin M Syndrome and Class‐ Switch Recombination defects
Authors: Akarsu Ayşegül , Halaçlı Sevil , Tan Çağman , Kuşkonmaz Barış , Küpesiz Alphan , Çetinkaya Duygu , Sanal Özden , Tezcan İlhan , Çağdaş Deniz 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIsotype class‐switch recombination (CSR), somatic hypermutation (SHM), B cell signalling and DNA repair mechanisms defects are responsible for high IgM. The hyperimmunoglobulin M (HIGM) phenotype and CSR‐related defects are now classified under primary antibody defects, combined immunodeficiencies or syndromic immunodeficiencies groups. The aim of the study is to evaluate the diverse phenotypic/genotypic/laboratory characteristics and outcome of patients with CSR defects and HIGM‐related defects. We enrolled 50 patients. The most common gene defect was Activation‐induced cytidine deaminase (AID) deficiency (n = 18), followed by CD40 Ligand (CD40L) (n = 14) and CD40 (n = 3) deficiency. Median ages at first symptom and diagnosis were significantly lower in CD40L deficiency (8.5 and 30 months, respectively) than AID deficiency (30 and 114 months, respectively) (p = .001 and p = .008, respectively). Frequent clinical symptoms were recurrent (66%) and severe (14.9%) infections, and/or autoimmune/non‐infectious inflammatory features (48.4%). Eosinophilia and neutropenia were at a higher rate in CD40L deficiency patients (77.8%, p = .002 and 77.8%, p = .002, respectively) when compared to AID deficiency. Median serum IgM level was low in 28.6% of CD40L deficiency patients. It was significantly lower when compared to AID deficiency (p < 0.001). Six patients (CD40L deficiency n = 4, CD40 deficiency n = 2) underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Five were alive at the last visit. Four patients two patients with CD40L deficiency, one with CD40 deficiency and one with AID deficiency had novel mutations. In conclusion; patients with CSR defects and HIGM phenotype may present with a wide range of clinical manifestations and laboratory findings. Low IgM, neutropenia and eosinophilia were prominent in patients with CD40L deficiency. Characterization of genetic defect‐specific clinical and laboratory features may ease the diagnosis, prevent the underdiagnoses of patients and ameliorate the outcome.
Neuroinvasive West Nile virus infections after solid organ transplantation: Single center experience and systematic review
Authors: Abbas Anum , Qiu Fang , Sikyta Adia , Fey Paul D. , Florescu Diana F 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWest Nile virus (WNv) is a major cause of viral encephalitis in the United States. WNv infection is usually asymptomatic or a limited febrile illness in the immunocompetent hosts, although a small percentage can develop neuroinvasive disease. Neuroinvasive disease due to WNv in solid organ transplant recipients occurs at higher rates than observed in the general population and can have long term neurological sequalae.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed medical records of all solid organ transplant recipients at our institution who tested positive for WNv from 2010 to 2018. Two reviewers performed electronic searches of Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library of literature of WNv infections in SOT. Descriptive statistics were performed on key variables.ResultsEight recipients (mean age 54, five males) were diagnosed with neuroinvasive WNv infection at our institution. Distribution of infection was as follows: five kidney transplants, one in each kidney‐pancreas, liver, and lung. Diagnoses included meningitis (3), encephalitis (1), meningo‐encephalitis (4). Median time from transplant to infection was 49.8 months (2.7–175.4). No infections were considered donor‐derived. Five patients received treatment with IVIG. Six patients were alive at median follow‐up of 49.5 months (21.7–116.8). We identified 29 studies published from 2002 to 2019. Median time from transplant to infection was 14.2 months, with similar allograft distribution; 53% were donor‐derived infections.ConclusionWNv infections in solid organ transplant recipients can be a consequence of organ donation or can be acquired via the community. Infections can be more severe in SOT recipients and lead to neuroinvasive disease.
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The second national anti‐tuberculosis drug resistance survey in Tanzania, 2017–2018
Authors: Mutayoba Beatrice Kemilembe , Ershova Julia , Lyamuya Eligius , Hoelscher Michael , Heinrich Norbert , Kilale Andrew Martin , Range Nyagosya Segere , Ngowi Benard James , Ntinginya Nyanda Elias , Mfaume Saidi Mwinjuma , Nkiligi Emmanuel , Doulla Basra , Lyimo Johnson , Kisonga Riziki , Kingalu Amri , Lema Yakobo , Kondo Zuwena , Pletschette Michel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the levels and patterns of resistance to first‐ and second‐line anti‐tuberculosis (TB) drugs among new and previously treated sputum smear positive pulmonary TB (PTB) patients.MethodsWe conducted a nationally representative cross‐sectional facility‐based survey in June 2017–July 2018 involving 45 clusters selected based on probability proportional to size. The survey aimed to determine the prevalence of anti‐TB drug resistance and associated risk factors among smear positive PTB patients in Tanzania. Sputum samples were examined using smear microscopy, Xpert MTB/RIF, culture and drug susceptibility testing (DST). Logistic regression was used to account for missing data and sampling design effects on the estimates and their standard errors.ResultsWe enrolled 1557 TB patients, including 1408 (90.4%) newly diagnosed and 149 (9.6%) previously treated patients. The prevalence of multidrug‐resistant TB (MDR‐TB) was 0.85% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.4–1.3] among new cases and 4.6% (95% CI: 1.1–8.2) among previously treated cases. The prevalence ofMycobacterium tuberculosisstrains resistant to any of the four first‐line anti‐TB drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin and ethambutol) was 1.7% among new TB patients and 6.5% among those previously treated. Drug resistance to all first‐line drugs was similar (0.1%) in new and previously treated patients. None of the isolates displayed poly‐resistance or extensively drug‐resistant TB (XDR‐TB). The only risk factor for MDR‐TB was history of previous TB treatment (odds ratio = 5.7, 95% CI: 1.9–17.2).ConclusionThe burden of MDR‐TB in the country was relatively low with no evidence of XDR‐TB. Given the overall small number of MDR‐TB cases in this survey, it will be beneficial focusing efforts on intensified case detection including universal DST.