bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rurality and readiness: Addressing substance use via a community‐level assessment
Authors: Cureton Jenny L. , Giegerich Victoria , Ricciutti Natalie M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCounselors serve diverse clients who may experience substance use issues and contributing factors such as generational poverty and isolation. A rural region of a state with legalized marijuana engaged in an assessment of community readiness to address the use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and other substances. Scoring and thematic analysis of interviews with 30 community members resulted in scores for five readiness dimensions and themes concerning contributors to and detractors from readiness. Recommendations for counselors span prevention, intervention, and advocacy to support individuals, families, and organizations seeking to promote awareness and addiction recovery, particularly in the context of rural poverty.
Single extracellular vesicle analysis in human amniotic fluid shows evidence of phenotype alterations in preeclampsia
Authors: Gebara Natalia , Scheel Julia , Skovronova Renata , Grange Cristina , Marozio Luca , Gupta Shailendra , Giorgione Veronica , Caicci Federico , Benedetto Chiara , Khalil Asma , Bussolati Benedetta 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAmniotic fluid surrounding the developing fetus is a complex biological fluid rich in metabolically active bio‐factors. The presence of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in amniotic fluid has been mainly related to foetal urine. We here characterized EVs from term amniotic fluid in terms of surface marker expression using different orthogonal techniques. EVs appeared to be a heterogeneous population expressing markers of renal, placental, epithelial and stem cells. Moreover, we compared amniotic fluid EVs from normal pregnancies with those of preeclampsia, a hypertensive disorder affecting up to 8% of pregnancies worldwide. An increase of CD105 (endoglin) expressing EVs was observed in preeclamptic amniotic fluid by bead‐based cytofluorimetric analysis, and further confirmed using a chip‐based analysis. HLA‐G, a typical placental marker, was not co‐expressed by the majority of CD105+ EVs, in analogy with amniotic fluid stromal cell derived‐EVs. At a functional level, preeclampsia‐derived EVs, but not normal pregnancy EVs, showed an antiangiogenic effect, possibly due to the decoy effect of endoglin. Our results provide a characterization of term amniotic fluid‐EVs, supporting their origin from foetal and placental cells. In preeclampsia, the observed antiangiogenic characteristics of amniotic fluid‐EVs may reflect the hypoxic and antiangiogenic microenvironment and could possibly impact on the developing fetus or on the surrounding foetal membranes.
A randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled trial analyzing the effect of synbiotics on infectious complications following living donor liver transplant—PREPRO trial
Authors: Mallick Shweta , Kathirvel Manikandan , Nair Krishnanunni , Durairaj Madhu S. , Varghese Christi Titus , Sivasankara Pillai Thankamony Amma Binoj , Balakrishnan Dinesh , Gopalakrishnan Unnikrishnan , Othiyil Vayoth Sudheer , Sudhindran Surendran 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundFollowing liver transplantation (LT), bacterial infections occur in over 70% of recipients leading to significant morbidity and mortality. While synbiotics have been reported to decrease infectious complications in various surgical procedures, the evidence of their benefits following LT remains limited.MethodsIn this 18‐month double‐blinded, investigator‐initiated, placebo‐controlled trial, 100 recipients of live donor liver transplant (LDLT) were randomized to receive either the synbiotic drug Prowel® (Prepro arm) or a placebo, starting 2 days pretransplant and continued for 2 weeks. The primary endpoint was culture‐proven bacterial infection in blood, urine or drain fluid within 30 days. Secondary endpoints were hospital stay, noninfectious complications, antibiotic usage and 30‐day mortality.ResultsOverall infectious complications were significantly lower in the Prepro arm in comparison to the Placebo arm (44% vs 22%, P = .019, OR 0.359; CI: 0.150–0.858). Blood stream infections were significantly less in the study arm (21.7% vs 53.3%, P = .020, OR 0.243; CI: 0.072–0.826), whereas urinary tract and intra‐abdominal infections were similar. Length of hospital stay, noninfectious complications, deviation from protocol antibiotics and 30‐day mortality were comparable.ConclusionSynbiotics administered for 2 weeks following LDLT significantly reduced overall and blood stream infectious complications in the early postoperative period. However, there was no difference in hospital stay, noninfectious complications, antibiotic usage and mortality.Clinical Trial Registry of India registration number – CTRI/2017/09/009869.
Evaluation of the performance of a dynamic wave climate ensemble simulated using with EURO‐CORDEX winds in the Black Sea and Sea of Azov
Authors: Çakmak Recep Emre , Çalışır Emre , Lemos Gil , Akpınar Adem , Semedo Alvaro , Cardoso Rita M. , Soares Pedro M. M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study evaluates the performance of a dynamic ensemble of wave climate simulations for the Black Sea. The ensemble members (and ensemble means) are evaluated for the historical period (1979–2005). The spectral wave model (simulating waves nearshore [SWAN]) was forced with eight Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) based Regional Climate Models (RCMs) wind fields to obtain each of the eight ensemble members. The RCM‐forcings used belongs to the European branch of the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (EURO‐CORDEX). The ensemble members' historical wave climate is thoroughly compared against the ERA5 reanalysis, in situ observations, and altimeter measurements. In addition to the individual evaluation of ensemble members, the results for the 8‐member ensemble mean are also examined. The performance of the ensemble members in reproducing the mean and extreme significant wave heights, mean wave periods, and mean wave directions is found to be good, with differences generally between +25 and −15% in comparison to ERA5. Differences between +10% and −30% were found for the comparison with altimeter measurements. We conclude that the ensemble better represents the wave climate of the Black Sea, than its individual members. The 8‐member ensemble provides a more balanced dataset for the Black Sea wave climate and a better representation of the associated uncertainty. Thus, further wave climate projections for the Black Sea should rely on the use of an ensemble.
Vibrational spectroscopic evaluation of hydrophilic or hydrophobic properties of oxide surfaces
Authors: Takeuchi Masato , Kurosawa Ryo , Ryu Junichi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHerein, we evaluated the hydrophilic or hydrophobic surface properties of various oxides using vibrational spectroscopy, such as FT‐IR (mid‐IR) and near‐IR spectroscopy. Pristine SiO2 showed hydrophobic properties because H2O molecules weakly interacted with the hydroxyl groups via hydrogen bonding. Furthermore, the hydrophobic SiO2 adsorbed less toluene, as a hydrophobic probe molecule. In case of the alkyl‐groups‐modified SiO2, H2O molecules were barely adsorbed on the surface even in air, confirming the water‐repellent property. The TiO2 and Al2O3 surfaces adsorbed larger amounts of H2O than did pristine SiO2, indicating hydrophilic properties, because the Ti4+ and Al3+ sites play an essential role in strong interactions with H2O molecules via coordinative adsorption. Furthermore, the hydrophilic TiO2 and Al2O3 showed a high affinity to toluene, indicating oleophilic (affinity to oil or non‐polar compounds) properties, because the aromatic compounds were adsorbed on the cation sites by cation‐π interaction. Moreover, MgO reacted with H2O molecules to yield Mg(OH)2, indicating a greater hydrophilicity than TiO2 or Al2O3. Based on the considerations, when evaluating the hydrophilic or hydrophobic properties of oxide surfaces, the hydroxyl groups and the cation sites on the surface must be considered.
Long‐term change in metabolism phenology in north temperate lakes
Authors: Ladwig Robert , Appling Alison P. , Delany Austin , Dugan Hilary A. , Gao Qiantong , Lottig Noah , Stachelek Jemma , Hanson Paul C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe phenology of dissolved oxygen (DO) dynamics and metabolism in north temperate lakes offers a basis for comparing metabolic cycles over multi‐year time scales. Although proximal control over lake DO can be attributed to metabolism and physical processes, how those processes evolve over decades largely remains unexplored. Metabolism phenology may reveal the importance of coherence among lakes and facilitate general conclusions about the controls on lake metabolism at regional scales. We developed a Bayesian modeling framework to estimate DO concentrations and metabolism in eight lakes in contrasting landscapes in Wisconsin, USA. We identify the DO and metabolism phenologies for each lake, and use those to compare how decadal patterns relate to trophic state and landscape setting. We show that lakes can be categorized by their hypolimnetic oxygen consumption dynamics, with oligotrophic lakes having a diverse set of patterns and eutrophic lakes having uniform trends of increased oxygen consumption over the last decade. Metabolism phenology is likewise diverse for oligotrophic lakes, whereas eutrophic lakes in southern Wisconsin share consistent long‐term patterns of metabolic trends and seasonal DO consumption highlighting the importance of trophic state driving metabolism. Eutrophic lakes had higher magnitudes and more seasonal variation in net ecosystem production in contrast to oligotrophic lakes. Generally, long‐term metabolic trends of north temperate lakes suggest a limited influence of climate on lake metabolism and that temporal coherence of long‐term metabolism change is driven primarily by the landscape setting.
Recent Advances in Polysaccharide‐Based Physical Hydrogels and Their Potential Applications for Biomedical and Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Hu Xinyu , Zhang Liangliang , Yan Linlin , Tang Lihua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPolysaccharides are widely employed to fabricate hydrogels owing to their intrinsic properties including biocompatibility, biodegradability, sustainability, and easy modification. However, a considerable amount of polysaccharide‐based hydrogels are prepared by chemical crosslinking method using organic solvents or toxic crosslinkers. The presence of reaction by‐products and residual toxic substances in the obtained materials causes a potential secondary pollution risk and thus severely limits their practical applications. In contrast, polysaccharide‐based physical hydrogels are preferred over chemically derived hydrogels and can be used to address existing drawbacks of chemical hydrogels. The polysaccharide chains of such hydrogel are typically crosslinked by dynamic noncovalent bonds, and the co‐existence of multiple physical interactions stabilizes the hydrogel network. This review focuses on providing a detailed outlook for the design strategies and formation mechanisms of polysaccharide‐based physical hydrogels as well as their specific applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery, wound healing, and wastewater treatment. The main preparation principles, future challenges, and potential improvements are also outlined. It is hoped that this review can provide valuable information for the rational fabrication of polysaccharide‐based physical hydrogel. The specific research works listed in the review can provide a systematic and solid research basis for the reliable development of polysaccharide‐based physical hydrogel.
Convective‐scale numerical weather prediction and warnings over Lake Victoria: Part I—Evaluating a lightning diagnostic
Authors: Mittermaier Marion , Wilkinson Jonathan , Csima Gabriella , Goodman Steven , Virts Katrina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecently a new lightning diagnostic was added to convective‐scale configurations of the Met Office Unified Model (UM). The characteristics and skill of the hourly total ‘flash origin density’ in the 4.4 km Tropical Africa UM were evaluated against Earth Network (EN) lightning observations specifically deployed in the greater Lake Victoria region as part of the HIGHWeather impact lAke sYstem (HIGHWAY) project. Lightning poses a significant risk to fishermen on Lake Victoria, and better forecasts over the lake would be advantageous for the development of better warning systems. The model lightning density was evaluated in two ways: a classical gridded categorical data analysis and the spatial coverage–distance–intensity method. Given the spatial sparseness of the observation type, Gaussian kernel dressing was applied for the latter, to increase the horizontal ‘footprint’, partly to reflect that lightning can travel horizontally for more than 10 km, and to reduce the representativeness mismatch between the lightning observations and the model forecast lightning density. Considering hourly forecasts, lightning shows a marked diurnal, geographical and seasonal variation over to the west and east of the lake. The model is not producing enough lightning flashes over the lake, nor does it produce enough spatially, especially overnight. The forecast location of lightning shows little skill, with timing differences in the peak, especially over the lake. For warnings, the removal of timing offsets through the creation of a ‘maximum‐in‐the‐day’ field is considerably less biased and more skilful than using the hourly flash densities.
Intake of a Chicken Protein‐Based or Soy Protein‐Based Diet Differentially Affects Growth Performance, Absorptive Capacity, and Gut Microbiota in Young Rats
Authors: Zhao Fan , Wang Chong , Song Shangxin , Fang Chao , Kristiansen Karsten , Li Chunbao 
Published: May 2022

ScopeBoth plant and animal products provide protein for human demands. However, the effect of protein sources on the physiological responses and the composition and functions of the gut microbiota during the early stage of life have received little attention.Methods and resultsIn the present study, chicken protein and soy protein are fed to young weaning rats for 14 days based on the AIN‐93G diet formulation. The growth performance is recorded, and the morphology of the small intestine is analyzed to estimate the absorptive capacity. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing is applied to analyze the cecal microbiota. The chicken protein‐based diet (CHPD) enhances growth performance and absorptive capacity in young rats compared to the soy protein‐based diet (SPD). The CHPD maintains higher levels of Lactobacillus species, associated with glutathione synthesis.ConclusionThe CHPD seems favorable for young growing rats in relation to growth performance and absorptive capacity, correlated with changes in the composition and functional potential of the gut microbiota.
A fidelity‐embedded learning for metal artifact reduction in dental CBCT
Authors: Park Hyoung Suk , Seo Jin Keun , Hyun Chang Min , Lee Sung Min , Jeon Kiwan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeDental cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been increasingly used for dental and maxillofacial imaging. However, the presence of metallic inserts, such as implants, crowns, and dental braces, violates the CT model assumption, which leads to severe metal artifacts in the reconstructed CBCT image, resulting in the degradation of diagnostic performance. In this study, we used deep learning to reduce metal artifacts.MethodsThe metal artifacts, appearing as streaks and shadows, are nonlocal and highly associated with various factors, including the geometry of metallic inserts, energy‐dependent attenuation, and energy spectrum of the incident X‐ray beam, making it difficult to learn their complicated structures directly. To provide a step‐by‐step environment in which deep learning can be trained, we propose an iterative learning approach in which the network at each iteration step learns the correction error caused by the previous network, while enforcing the data fidelity in the projection domain. To generate a realistic paired training dataset, metal‐free CBCT scans were collected from patients without metallic inserts, and then simulated metal projection data were added to generate the corresponding metal‐corrupted projection data.ResultsThe feasibility of the proposed method was investigated in clinical metal‐affected CBCT scans, as well as simulated metal‐affected CBCT scans. The results show that the proposed method significantly reduces metal artifacts while preserving the morphological structures near metallic objects and outperforms direct image domain learning.ConclusionThe proposed fidelity‐embedded learning can effectively reduce metal artifacts in dental CBCT compared with direct image domain learning.
Approximations for the distribution of perpetuities with small discount rates
Authors: Blanchet Jose , Glynn Peter 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPerpetuities (i.e., random variables of the form play an important role in many application settings. We develop approximations for the distribution of when the “accumulated short rate process”, , is small. We provide: (1) characterizations for the distribution of when and are driven by Markov processes; (2) general sufficient conditions under which weak convergence results can be derived for , and (3) Edgeworth expansions for the distribution of in the iid case and the case in which is a Levy process and the interest rate is a function of an ergodic Markov process.
Pyrolysis of bottle‐grade polyethylene terephthalate: Effect of carrier gases on carriage of pyrolysis products
Authors: Atashi Farid , Gholizadeh Mortaza , Ataei Farshad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe production of widely‐used bottle‐grade polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is now considered an environmental problem on a global scale. The urgent need for renewable energy reveals the necessity of employing thermochemical recycling methods. The use of a carrier gas is among the parameters affecting the pyrolysis process, for it is responsible for carrying pyrolysis products to separate condensable products. In this study, PET granules were pyrolyzed at 500°C with three carrier gases: N2, He, and Ar. According to the results, using a gas with lower molecular weights increased the production of gaseous products (30.94%). However, using a gas with higher molecular weights led to the production of further char (20.2%) associated with the increased reforming reaction rate and hydrogen production in the gaseous phase. The presence of different carrier gases changed tar composition and aromatics; therefore, the highest acid benzoic level was detected in the nitrogen atmosphere. Evaluating the thermal stability of wax and char indicated that the weight loss of char was larger in nitrogen (44.8 wt%) than in the other two carrier gases. However, there were further heavy oxygenated components in wax under the helium and nitrogen atmospheres. Those components degraded more difficultly.
Standard and reference‐based conditional mean imputation
Authors: Wolbers Marcel , Noci Alessandro , Delmar Paul , Gower‐Page Craig , Yiu Sean , Bartlett Jonathan W. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractClinical trials with longitudinal outcomes typically include missing data due to missed assessments or structural missingness of outcomes after intercurrent events handled with a hypothetical strategy. Approaches based on Bayesian random multiple imputation and Rubin's rules for pooling results across multiple imputed data sets are increasingly used in order to align the analysis of these trials with the targeted estimand. We propose and justify deterministic conditional mean imputation combined with the jackknife for inference as an alternative approach. The method is applicable to imputations under a missing‐at‐random assumption as well as for reference‐based imputation approaches. In an application and a simulation study, we demonstrate that it provides consistent treatment effect estimates with the Bayesian approach and reliable frequentist inference with accurate standard error estimation and type I error control. A further advantage of the method is that it does not rely on random sampling and is therefore replicable and unaffected by Monte Carlo error.
Vagus nerve stimulated by microbiota‐derived hydrogen sulfide mediates the regulation of berberine on microglia in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion rats
Authors: Ni Sai‐jia , Yao Zeng‐Ying , Wei Xiaotong , Heng Xia , Qu Shu‐Yue , Zhao Xin , Qi Yi‐Yu , Ge Ping‐Yuan , Xu Cai‐Ping , Yang Nian‐Yun , Cao Yi , Zhu Hua‐Xu , Guo Rui , Zhang Qi‐Chun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAmelioration of neuroinflammation via modulating microglia is a promising approach for cerebral ischemia therapy. The aim of the present study was to explore gut–brain axis signals in berberine‐modulating microglia polarization following cerebral ischemia. The potential pathway was determined through analyzing the activation of the vagus nerve, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) metabolism, and cysteine persulfides of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor. The cerebral microenvironment feature was explored with a metabolomics assay. The data indicated that berberine ameliorated behavioral deficiency in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion rats through modulating microglia polarization and neuroinflammation depending on microbiota. Enhanced vagus nerve activity following berberine treatment was blocked by antibiotic cocktails, capsazepine, or sodium molybdate, respectively. Berberine‐induced H2S production was responsible for vagus nerve stimulation achieved through assimilatory and dissimilatory sulfate reduction with increased synthetic enzymes. Sulfation of the TRPV1 receptor resulted in vagus nerve activation and promoted the c‐fos and ChAT in the nucleus tractus solitaries with berberine. Sphingolipid metabolism is the primary metabolic characteristic with berberine in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebral spinal fluid disrupted by antibiotics. Berberine, in conclusion, modulates microglia polarization in a microbiota‐dependent manner. H2S stimulates the vagus nerve through TRPV1 is responsible for the berberine‐induced gut–brain axis signal transmission. Sphingolipid metabolism might mediate the neuroinflammation amelioration following vagus afferent fiber activation.