bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Abandoned Little by Little:” The 1914 Pima Adjudication Survey, Water Deprivation, and Farming on the Pima Reservation
Authors: Dejong David H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the first decade of the twentieth century, the United States Indian Irrigation Service attempted to quantify the amount of land currently and previously irrigated on the Pima Reservation. Using triangulation surveys, engineer Charles Southworth produced a series of maps that abetted the enactment of the Florence-Casa Grande Project of 1916. Using a combination of Pima voices and modern GIS analysis substantiates that the Pima were versatile in responding to severe water deprivation a century ago and adapted by scaling back the amount of land they cultivated, eliminating the least productive lands from cultivation, and relocating or abandoning villages. More critically, the Pima shifted their agrarian practices from waterintensive crops to less crops, such as small grains. Letting Pima voices speak for themselves gives credence to an indigenous perspective of these traumatic events. Thus, combining a Pima voice and modern technology illustrates the depth of hardship facing the Pima a century ago
The Decline of Agrarian Societies in the European Countryside: A Case Study of Spain in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Collantes Fernando 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIt is widely accepted that, in today’s developed countries, "rural" no longer equals "agricultural." However, few historical studies of modern occupational change in the countryside are available, especially for continental Europe. The transformation of rural Spain in the twentieth century is a case study in this broader history, reflecting upon the causes and implications of different paths of rural change. The decline of agriculture in the economy of rural Spain occurred mostly during the second half of the twentieth century and was closely related to out-migration and depopulation. Only some rural areas in the country’s more dynamic regions witnessed simultaneous occupational change and population growth. Most rural communities, on the contrary, had to face the erosive effect of depopulation on their social fabric.
Ethnicity in the Land: Lost Stories in California Agriculture
Authors: Ivey Linda L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn California history, the contributions of ethnic and immigrant agriculturalists continue to be misrepresented and misunderstood. Rural California studies are just emerging out of the shadow cast by Carey McWilliams’s 1939 exposé Factories in the Field, which cemented a monolithic image of white, detached owners of large landholdings running industrial farms, while people of color toiled without power, safety, or a livable wage. McWilliams was not necessarily incorrect, but the reality is far more complex. The following article seeks to recover some of the stories obscured by broad brush strokes of California agricultural history by examining the local dynamics of ethnic participation and interethnic cooperation in one agricultural region. While this work does not necessarily dismiss the economic relations that have been described in previous literature, it does challenge the racial and ethnic categorization of those relations and reveals the truly multicultural nature of the development of California agriculture. The evidence also prompts a reconsideration of nativism in local settings, especially in tight-knit communities with integrated industry, where the manifestation of nativist activity or sentiment was often subdued or qualified.
“Nazis Hoe Cotton”: Planters, POWS, and the Future of Farm Labor in the Deep South
Authors: Ward Jason Morgan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
During World War II, the POW labor program provided cotton planters in the lower Mississippi Valley with a temporary yet timely solution to an increasingly mobile local labor supply. While war prisoners worked in a variety of crops and non-agricultural industries, one of the greatest concentration of camps and captive workers devoted to a single crop occurred along the southern stretch of the Mississippi River. Cotton planters in Arkansas, Mississippi, and northern Louisiana secured over twelve thousand war prisoners from 1943 to 1946. German and Italian prisoners reinforced a labor system based on boundaries of color even as their presence in the fields revealed racial contradictions. Even as the inexperienced field hands undercut planter profits, exposed racial tensions, and undermined racialized notions of work, their presence helped to extend the life of an exploitative plantation economy. Despite the limited scope and dubious success rate of POW labor, cotton planters in the Deep South found a temporary workforce to hold a place on the plantation for African-American labor.
137 Utility of MMG (Mechanomyography) on Intraoperative Clinical Decision Making in Peripheral Nerve Surgery
Authors: Guerrero Jaime , Javeed Saad , Dibble Christopher , Ray Zack , Faraji Amir H. 
Published: March 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Recent studies demonstrated the high sensitivity of mechanomyography (MMG) as a novel minimally invasive technique in detecting nerve function as compared to traditional electromyographic recording. MMG reflects the mechanical vibrations of single motor units detected via accelerometer sensors. We hypothesize that MMG will be a powerful intraoperative tool to supplement traditional nerve diagnostic and imaging methodologies.

METHODS:
We utilized the Sentio MMG system (Depuy-Synthes) to monitor nerve function during surgical decompression of chronic cubital tunnel and peroneal nerve entrapment. Accelerometer sensors were placed on target myotomes. Intraoperatively, the nerves were stimulated at a 0.1 mA threshold, with 0.1 mA increases until muscle activity was noted. The final threshold current was recorded prior to decompression and following decompression.

RESULTS:
A total of four patients were included in this initial report. Intraoperatively, MMG stimulus thresholds were recorded in all four patients prior to decompression at 1.5 ± 0.1 mA. Following proximal decompression, immediate improvements in MMG stimulus thresholds were noted. Following distal decompression, the final stimulus thresholds were noted at 0.5 ± 0.1 mA (p = 0.0001, one-way ANOVA). Postoperatively, all patients endorsed symptomatic improvement in pain and motor strength. This data is preliminary and continued enrollment and long term follow up is currently underway.

CONCLUSION:
MMG is a sensitive technique that is readily adoptable in standard workflows. Importantly, MMG stimulus thresholds may provide objective guidance within intraoperative decision making in determining the extent of surgical decompression. Future work should focus on validating normative values of MMG stimulus thresholds in various nerves and establishing clinical associations with functional outcomes.
171 Impact of Baseline Cervical Mal-Alignments on Proximal Junctional Kyphosis Following Thoraco-lumbar Corrective Surgery
Authors: Passias Peter G. , Passfall Lara , Lafage Virginie , Lafage Renaud , Smith Justin S. , Line Breton G. , Tretiakov BSME; Peter , Protopsaltis Themistocles , Daniels Alan H. , Kebaish Khaled , Gum Jeffrey L. , Koller Heiko , Hamilton D. Kojo , Hostin Richard A. , Gupta Munish C. , Anand Neel , Ames Christopher P. , Hart Robert A. , Burton Douglas C. , Schwab Frank , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Klineberg Eric , Kim Han J. , Bess Shay ,   International Spine Study Group
Published: March 2022

INTRODUCTION:
The regions of the spine are often referred to a chain of correlation, where malalignment in one aspect may cause compensatory changes in another area of the spine or lower extremities.

METHODS:
Included: operative ASD patients (Coronal Cobb = 20°, SVA = 50 mm, PT = 25°, or TK > 60°) >18 yrs with concurrent cervical deformity (C2-C7 kyphosis <-15°, TS-CL > 35°, cSVA > 4 cm, CBVA > 25°, McGregor’s slope >20°, or C2-T1 kyphosis >15° across any 3 vertebra). Patients with UIV above T1 or with preop PJK were excluded. Patients were grouped according to three deformity classification schemes: Ames CD modifiers, Kim et al. sagittal morphotypes, and Mizutani et al. head-trunk balance. Univariate analyses and logistic regression assessed the impact of these three deformity classifications on PJK and PJF rates by 2Y postop.

RESULTS:
708 patients with concurrent ASD and CD included (62 yrs, 71% F, 28.2 kg/m2, levels fused 10.1 ± 4.5). Sagittal morphotypes [flatneck(FN), focal deformity(FD) and cervicothoracic(CT)] were identified based on radiographic thresholds adapted from Virk et al.: 18 pts(2.5%) FN, 10(1.4%) FD, and 206(29.1%) were CT. Head-balance[HBal] was defined as SVA < 0, LL > PI, T1S < 20°, while trunk-balance[TBal] was SVA > 0, LL < PI, T1S > 20°. 14(2.0%) were HBal and 474(66.9%) were TBal. By Ames CD modifiers, the following had high deformity: cSVA 0%, TS-CL 45.6%, SVA 43.8%, and Horiz 21.8%. Overall, 301 pts (42.5%) developed PJK by by 2Y, and 73 pts (10.3%) had PJF. Regression analysis identified CD classification groups that were predictors of PJF: FD morphotype(OR: 7.6) and high Ames SVA deformity (OR: 1.8); both p < 0.05. These increased odds of PJF remained when controlling for use of PJK prophylaxis during index surgery.

CONCLUSION:
In patients with concurrent cervical and thoracolumbar deformities undergoing isolated thoracolumbar correction, the use of existing cervical deformity classification schemes can allow for preoperative assessment of PJK and PJF risk. Speficially, high deformity by Ames criteria and focal deformity morphotype had increased odds of PJF despite prophylaxis.
300 Stereotactic Radiosurgery With Versus Without Embolization for Brain Arteriovenous Malformations
Authors: Chen Ching-Jen , Ding Dale , Lee Cheng-chia , Kearns Kathryn , Pomeraniec Isaac J. , Ironside Natasha , Kondziolka Douglas S. , Trifiletti Daniel M. , Liscak Roman , Cockroft Kevin M. , Lee John Y. K. , Sheehan Jason P. 
Published: March 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Prior comparisons of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) treated using stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) with or without embolization were inherently flawed, due to differences in the pre-treatment nidus volumes.

METHODS:
We retrospectively reviewed International Radiosurgery Research Foundation AVM databases from 1987–2018. Patients were categorized into the embolization and SRS (E+SRS) or SRS alone (SRS-only) cohorts. The two cohorts were matched in a 1:1 ratio using propensity scores. Primary outcome was defined as AVM obliteration. Secondary outcomes were post-SRS hemorrhage, all-cause mortality, radiologic and symptomatic radiation-induced changes (RIC), and cyst formation.

RESULTS:
The matched cohorts each comprised 101 patients. Crude AVM obliteration rates were similar between the matched E+SRS versus SRS-only cohorts (48.5% vs. 54.5%; OR = 0.788, p = 0.399). Cumulative probabilities of obliteration at 3, 4, 5, and 6 years were also similar between the E+SRS (33.0%, 46.4%, 56.2%, and 60.8%, respectively) and SRS-only (32.9%, 46.2%, 56.0%, and 60.6%, respectively) cohorts (SHR = 1.005, p = 0.981). Cumulative probabilities of radiologic RIC at 3, 4, 5, and 6 years were lower in the E+SRS (25.0%, 25.7%, 26.7%, and 26.7%, respectively) versus SRS-only (45.3%, 46.2%, 47.8%, and 47.8%, respectively) cohort (SHR = 0.478, p = 0.004). Symptomatic and asymptomatic embolization-related complication rates were 8.3% and 18.6%, respectively. Rates of post-SRS hemorrhage, all-cause mortality, symptomatic RIC, and cyst formation were similar between the matched cohorts.

CONCLUSION:
This study refutes the prevalent notion that AVM embolization negatively affects the likelihood of obliteration after SRS.
311 Multi-institutional Analysis on Rate of Pseudarthrosis Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Using Allograft Cellular Bone Matrix (Osteocel)
Authors: Wang Timothy Y. , Bergin Stephen M. , Park Christine , Rajkumar Shashank , Goodwin C. Rory , Karikari Isaac O. , Abd-El-Barr Muhammad , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Yarbrough Chester , Than Khoi D. 
Published: March 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Usage of osteobiologics is becoming increasingly common for spinal fusion procedures, but the efficacy of certain products is unclear.

METHODS:
The medical record across three medical centers and seven spine surgeons was retrospectively queried for patients undergoing single-level ACDF utilizing Osteocel. Pseudarthrosis was determined based on computed tomography (CT) or x-rays of the cervical spine. Patients were determined to have radiographic pseudarthrosis if they met any of the following criteria: 1) lack of bridging bone on CT obtained >300 days postoperatively, 2) evidence of instrumentation failure, or 3) motion across index level as seen on flexion/extension cervical spine x-rays. Univariate and multivariate analyses were then performed to identify independent preoperative or perioperative predictors of pseudarthrosis in this population.

RESULTS:
A total of 326 patients met inclusion criteria. Forty-three (13.2%) patients met criteria for pseudarthrosis, of which 15 underwent revision surgery (34.9%). Age (54.1 vs 53.8 years), sex (34.9% vs 47.4% male), race, prior cervical spine surgery (37.2% vs 33.6%), tobacco abuse (16.3% vs 14.5%), chronic kidney disease (2.3% vs 2.8%), and diabetes (18.6% vs 14.5%) were not significantly different between patients with or without pseudarthrosis, respectively (p > 0.05). Presence of osteoporosis (16.3% vs 3.5%) was associated with pseudarthrosis (p < 0.001). Implant-type was also significantly associated with pseudarthrosis, with a 16.4% rate of pseudarthrosis for patients with polyetherethereketone (PEEK) implants versus 8.4% for patients with allograft implant (p = 0.04). Average length of follow-up was 27.6 and 23.8 months for patients with and without pseudarthrosis, respectively. Multivariate analysis demonstrated osteoporosis (OR: 4.97, 95% CI [1.51-16.4], p < 0.01) and usage of PEEK implant (OR: 2.24, 95% CI [1.04-4.83], p = 0.04) as independent predictors of pseudarthrosis.

CONCLUSION:
The usage of Osteocel in single-level ACDF is associated with a higher rate of pseudarthrosis compared to the literature-reported fusion rates for alternative osteobiologics. This is especially true when Osteocel is combined with a PEEK implant.
318 Classifying Peri-operative Course and Outcomes in Spine Surgery Using Smartphone-Based Accelerometry
Authors: Ahmad Hasan S. , Yang Andrew Il , Joshi Disha S. , Cleri Natalie , Basil Gregory , Wang Michael Y. , Welch William Charles , Yoon Jang W. 
Published: March 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Spine surgery outcomes are currently assessed using patient-reported outcome measures (ODI, EQ-5D). However, such tools are limited by the inherent subjectivity of the data, as well as collection at discrete timepoints without regard to each patient’s unique clinical course. In contrast, patient mobility data streamed from smartphones with built-in accelerometers offer a more objective and continuous measure of surgical outcome.

METHODS:
14 patients who underwent elective lumbar decompressive surgery were included. Patient data were remotely exported from the Apple Health mobile application. A time series analysis was conducted on steps-per-day across a 2-year peri-operative period. Using a data-driven approach, up to five distinct temporal epochs were identified from each patient’s time series: 1) pre-operative baseline; 2) acute pre-operative decline, indicating either an acute event or an acute-on-chronic decline; 3) immediate post-operative recovery; 4) full recovery; 5) secondary decline from fully-recovered state.

RESULTS:
Mobility data revealed acute pre-operative decline in 10 patients (onset 11.8 ± 2.9 weeks prior to surgery); the remaining 4 patients demonstrated a chronic presentation (no Epoch 2). These presentations were concordant with clinical documentation in 13/14 patients. Following the immediate post-operative recovery period (duration 20.6 ± 4.9 weeks), 11 of 14 patients achieved a full recovery, indicating a return in mobility to levels commensurate to or better than the patient’s pre-operative baseline. Of these, 2 patients subsequently experienced a secondary decline beginning 27.2.1 ± 9.9 weeks after surgery. During the full recovery period, subject-level daily steps improved by 80% ± 33% relative to before surgery (p = 0.002).

CONCLUSION:
The peri-operative clinical course of spine surgery patients was classified from smartphone-based mobility data using a data-driven method. Our findings highlight the potential of using mobility data for pre-operative counseling, as an objective surgical outcome measure, and for remote patient monitoring beyond the immediate post-surgical period.
325 Survey of Concussion Amongst High School Students and Their Parents
Authors: Goldberg Marco , Goldberg Aden , White Chase , Jabbour Pascal 
Published: March 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Concussion is a common and dangerous injury amongst high school students. Concussion understanding and treatment has changed significantly as research has expanded the knowledge of concussion.

METHODS:
A Google Forms survey was completed by total 250 high school students and their parents assessing demographic characteristics, as well as experience with, attitude towards, and knowledge of sports-related concussion. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square, Fisher’s exact, and t-test methods. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05.

RESULTS:
45% of students reported having a prior concussion. Parents were more concerned about concussion than students (71% vs. 56%, p = 0.004). Previously concussed students were more concerned about concussion than non-concussed students (73% vs. 58%, p = 0.007). Parents were more likely to consider stopping participation in an activity than their students (65% vs. 22%, p < 0.0001). 8% of previously concussed students had stopped participation in an activity due to concussion. Concussion knowledge was similar between parents and students who played and did not play contact sports. Students were more willing to conceal a concussion than their parents (49% vs. 4%, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION:
Parents of high school students had greater concern about concussion than their students. Students were much more willing to conceal a concussion than their parents. The finding that 49% of high school students would conceal a concussion in order to continue participation in activities is concerning. More education is needed among the high school population.
335 Low Frequency Oscillations in the Ventral Nucleus Accumbens Region Guides Brain Responsive Neurostimulation for Loss of Control Eating: An Initial Review of the BITES Trial
Authors: Shivacharan Rajat , Rolle Cammie , Buch Vivek , Barbosa Daniel , Cunningham Tricia , Safer Debra , Bohon Cara , Azagury Dan , Dunn Laura , Yutsis Maya , Tass Peter A. , Williams Nolan R. , Skarpaas Tara L. , Bhati Mahendra T. , Malenka Rob , Lock James D. , Halpern Casey H. 
Published: March 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Loss of control (LOC) eating is pervasive in eating disorders and obesity. The presence of this phenotype appears to predict treatment-resistance, including gastric bypass surgery. Brain-responsive neurostimulation guided by low frequency changes in the nucleus accumbens (NAc-RNS) was previously found to block LOC eating behavior in mice. Following this novel preclinical work, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved an Investigational Device Exemption for a first-in-human study.

METHODS:
Two participants (female, 45 and 55 years old) with binge-eating disorder and morbid obesity (body mass index, 45 and 50 kg/m2) refractory to gastric bypass were surgically implanted with a brain-responsive neurostimulator (RNS System; NeuroPace, Inc.) connected to bilateral NAc depth leads. NAc field potentials were recorded postoperatively in the clinic while the participants completed eating tasks. Outside of the clinic, participants maintained a diary describing their LOC episodes, specifically describing craving and satiety severity (Likert scale), and triggered the neurostimulator to record timestamped NAc field potentials. NAc field potentials and bilateral NAc connectivity were analyzed for the development and implementation of a novel NAc-RNS paradigm.

RESULTS:
In the clinic, the left ventral NAc region activity showed increased delta (2-4 Hz)- and theta (4-8 Hz)-band power during anticipatory bites of highly caloric, palatable food when compared to standard meal bites. In the ambulatory setting, we observed increased bilateral ventral NAc delta band activity and connectivity that appeared selective for states of food craving. Therefore, the RNS System was programmed to detect brief bursts of low-frequency activity in the bilateral ventral NAc, and delivered bilateral, bipolar stimulation (∼1 μC/cm2 charge density per 10s stimulation bout). This paradigm resulted in decreased LOC episodes (∼25% in both participants) and subjective improvement in decision-making surrounding food choices.

CONCLUSION:
We present early findings of an electrographic signal associated with LOC eating with promising preliminary evidence of restored control using a NAc-RNS paradigm. Future directions include refining control signals, adaptive parameters, and examining the long-term effects of restoring inhibitory control on obesity.
336 Connectivity Between Resting-State Networks and Mesial Temporal Regions May Distinguish Between Right and Left Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Narasimhan Saramati , Gonzalez Hernan F. J. , Johnson Graham W. , Wills Kristin , Paulo Danika Lea , Morgan Victoria , Englot Dario J. 
Published: March 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) is the most common surgical epilepsy. Confidently lateralizing mTLE preoperatively may be challenging with only noninvasive evaluations. Resting-state fMRI has been used to identify connectivity abnormalities in mTLE, involving mesial temporal structures and other networks such as default mode network (DMN).

METHODS:
We acquired 20 minutes of resting-state fMRI in 52 mTLE patients (28 females, 39.5 ± 12.2 years) and 52 age/gender matched controls. In mTLE patients versus controls, we evaluated fMRI functional connectivity of bilateral hippocampi/amygdalae and resting-state networks (default mode, central executive, salience, visual) using non-directed Pearson correlation (Z-scored), network-based statistic (NBS), and directed dynamic causal modeling (DCM). We separately acquired 2 minutes of resting-state SEEG in 17 unilateral mTLE patients (10 females, 34.6 ± 12.5 years). Using SEEG, we measured hippocampal versus extrahippocampal inward partial directed coherence (PDC) strength.

RESULTS:
Right mTLE patients demonstrated reduced undirected functional connectivity (Z) between right hippocampus and DMN compared to left mTLE patients and controls (p < 0.001, corrected, ANOVA). These were not seen between the hippocampus and other resting-state networks. Focusing on mesial temporal and DMN nodes, NBS analysis demonstrated the network with most decreased connectivity in right versus left mTLE included right hippocampus/amygdala, bilateral inferior parietal, precuneus, and medial orbitofrontal, and right lateral orbitofrontal regions (9 of 14 nodes, p = 0.006, corrected). With model exceedance probabilities, DCM analysis revealed cross-hemispheric connectivity between hippocampi/amygdalae was mostly inward to epileptogenic-side. FMRI finding resembled SEEG findings, where inward PDC strength was higher in epileptogenic hippocampi compared to other regions in right/left mTLE (p < 0.05, t-tests, corrected).

CONCLUSION:
If improved, this may aid surgical planning and reduce need for intracranial monitoring. Inward patterns using fMRI and SEEG appear altered at epileptogenic hippocampi, warranting further comparative study of directional connectivity between fMRI and SEEG.