bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enzyme based amperometric wide field biosensors: Is single‐molecule detection possible?
Authors: Tricase Angelo , Imbriano Anna , Macchia Eleonora , Sarcina Lucia , Scandurra Cecilia , Torricelli Fabrizio , Cioffi Nicola , Torsi Luisa , Bollella Paolo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis review discloses the technological advances involving enzyme‐based amperometric biosensors engaging challenging limits of detection as low as a single molecule. At first, we summarise the most recent findings concerning electrode modification toward the enhancement of the enzyme loading accomplished mainly through the deposition of nanomaterials. The increase of the electron transfer (ET) rate is mostly based on the enzyme site‐specific immobilization through the analysis of the enzyme structure/sequence and protein bioengineering is overviewed. However, both approaches are not appropriate to develop enzyme‐based amperometric biosensors able to reach reliable analytical detections below micro‐/nano‐molar. The last part is devoted to single‐molecule electrochemistry that has been widely exploited as a near‐field approach in the last decades as a proof‐of‐concept for the detection of single ET events. Organic electrochemical transistors operated as Faradaic current amplifiers do not detect below micro‐/nano‐molar. We here propose an alternative approach based on the combination of an electrochemical cell with a bipolar junction transistor in the extended base configuration, drawing some conclusions and future perspectives on the detection of single ET events at a large electrode for the development of Point‐of‐Care devices.
Hydrologic‐land surface modelling of the Canadian sporadic‐discontinuous permafrost: Initialization and uncertainty propagation
Authors: Abdelhamed Mohamed S. , Elshamy Mohamed E. , Wheater Howard S. , Razavi Saman 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPermafrost thaw has been observed in recent decades in the Northern Hemisphere and is expected to accelerate with continued global warming. Predicting the future of permafrost requires proper representation of the interrelated surface/subsurface thermal and hydrologic regimes. Land surface models (LSMs) are well suited for such predictions, as they couple heat and water interactions across soil‐vegetation‐atmosphere interfaces and can be applied over large scales. LSMs, however, are challenged by the long‐term thermal and hydraulic memories of permafrost and the paucity of historical records to represent permafrost dynamics under transient climate conditions. In this study, we aim to understand better how LSMs function under different spin‐up states, which facilitates addressing the challenge of model initialization by characterizing the impact of initial climate conditions and initial soil frozen and liquid water contents on the simulation length required to reach equilibrium. Further, we quantify how the uncertainty in model initialization propagates to simulated permafrost dynamics. Modelling experiments are conducted with the Modélisation Environmentale Communautaire—Surface and Hydrology (MESH) framework and its embedded Canadian land surface scheme (CLASS). The study area is in the Liard River basin in the Northwest Territories of Canada with sporadic and discontinuous regions. Results show that uncertainty in model initialization controls various attributes of simulated permafrost, especially the active layer thickness, which could change by 0.5–1.5 m depending on the initial condition chosen. The least number of spin‐up cycles is achieved with near field capacity condition, but the number of cycles varies depending on the spin‐up year climate. We advise an extended spin‐up of 200–1000 cycles to ensure proper model initialization under different climatic conditions and initial soil moisture contents.
Toward total traceability and full transparency communication in textile industry supply chain
Authors: Ospital Pantxika , Masson Dimitri H , Beler Cédrick , Legardeur Jérémy 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Textile & Clothing industry is facing systemic and global challenges due both to ecological and economic crises. Today, increasing full traceability of supply chain is one of the key points to optimize production but it should also serve to inform consumers to foster sustainable purchasing decision. We argue that the total traceability of the garment supply chain must be constructed to enable a full transparency for the consumer. In this paper, we will start analysing brands’ transparency communication and describe the particular complexities of the textile supply chain.
Human‐Systems Integration of Agricultural Machinery in Developing Economy Countries: Perceptions of Adoption
Authors: Ahmed Hamza , Miller Erika E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWidespread adoption of agricultural machinery for developing economy countries is commonly regarded as a fundamental component of pro‐poor growth. This study evaluates agricultural practices using a Human‐Systems Integration approach to more effectively adapt technologies to satisfy farmers’ needs. Six farms in Sudan, Africa were surveyed regarding their opinions towards using farming machinery, were then provided a tractor, and surveyed again after using the tractor for the planting season. The largest barriers for adoption were culture, security, and maintenance costs. However, the biggest challenges of their current practices were related to labor, safety, and profit margins; all of which could be addressed with machinery. Despite the initial resistance, all of the farmers were satisfied by their experience and expressed an even more accepting attitude from their children.
Socioergonomics: A few clarifications on the Technology‐Organizations‐People Tryptic
Authors: Boy Guy André 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis position paper introduces and coins the term socioergonomics, considered as a sociological, ontological, and methodological support to human systems integration (HSI). It describes the evolution of ergonomics from early physiological to psychological to contemporary social sciences approaches supporting Industry 4.0 sociotechnical systems engineering. It presents a Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs) extension to Organizational Readiness Levels (ORLs) and a departure toward a socioergonomics approach that includes systemic properties such as flexibility, separability, and emergent social facts.
The Economic Benefits of Human Performance Models in Systems Engineering
Authors: Steinberg Richard K , Driggs Maj Jade , Jackson Alice 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHuman performance modeling (HPM) is a method of quantifying human behavior, cognition, physical performance, and processes used for the development of systems designed for optimal user experience and interaction (Seibok and Wickens, 2013). Human Performance Models (HPMs) are an effective tool for Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) (Steinberg et al, 2017), with high economic benefit. Human Engineering practitioners use HPMs to define crew design requirements including the number of operators needed, the benefits of automation, and distribution of member task responsibilities required to operate a system. The application of HPMs throughout the development process helps to influence the system design by integrating with MBSE processes and informing many aspects of system definition and development including performance trades of algorithms, hardware, command and control functions, automation, and the need for situation awareness to monitor the system. In addition to these design benefits, HPMs save development costs and for a described case study reduced costs $4.3M demonstrating the economic benefits for systems engineering. This paper will outline the HPM process for a Command and Control (C2) system.
Participatory design as a tool to foster innovation: A case study of an aviation company
Authors: Torkashvand Golnoosh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractParticipatory design and co‐creation have recently been considered as an effective approach in fostering innovation. Traditionally, tools such as brainstorming, focus groups and discussion boards were dominant in guiding discussions around innovation and solutions. While each of these tools consider great advantages in fostering innovations, there are sometimes drawbacks in conducting them in an unbiased way. This paper aims to provide the results and learnings from a participatory session called Group Elicitation Method (GEM) to co‐create future of business jets in Embraer company. In general, this experiment finds GEM as a very effective tool for consensus seeking, in the contexts where participants have diverse backgrounds and power balance is not symmetrical. The project was conducted as part of the author's PhD research on passenger experience.
Cross‐professional Communication in Various Healthcare Settings and Implications to Patient Safety
Authors: Parush Avi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEffective Human‐System Integration in healthcare must consider cross‐profession coordination and communication. Ineffective communication could degrade effective coordination and collaboration, and result in poor quality of care and potential adverse events. In this talk I will briefly overview several studies exploring similarities and differences in cross‐profession communication patterns in various healthcare settings, and their implications to human‐system integration and patient safety.
The essential research curriculum for doctor of pharmacy degree programs – 2021
Authors: Karnes Jason H. , Asempa Tomefa , Barreto Jason N. , Belcher Rachel M. , Bissell Brittany D. , Gammal Roseann S. , Kier Karen L. , Lee Craig R. , Liu Leanne , McCune Jeannine S. , Minhaj Faisal S. , Newsome Andrea Sikora , Ning James , Bookstaver P. Brandon 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTraining in the scientific method and research design in doctor of pharmacy (Pharm.D.) curricula enables critical thinking, acquisition of reliable information, rigorous evaluation of emerging literature, and application of evidence‐based medicine in practice. Although research skills are essential for clinical pharmacists and many professional societies recognize the critical need for research in the Pharm.D. curriculum, standardization regarding essential research curricular competencies and content is lacking. Consequently, research skill development is often de‐emphasized in pharmacy education in favor of clinical knowledge and skills. This update to the recommendations of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy's 2008‐2009 Task Force on Research in the Professional Curriculum is provided to meet the evolving needs of contemporary pharmacy practice. The update discusses the importance of research training for Pharm.D. students, proposes essential research competencies and curriculum content for Pharm.D. programs, and highlights several successful strategies for fostering research among Pharm.D. students. In particular, the update advocates enhanced adoption of minimum standards for research skill development across Pharm.D. programs and integration of advanced research competencies to support the development of Pharm.D.‐trained scientists.
Front cover
Authors: Chauvel‐Picard Julie , Bérot Vincent , Tognetti Linda , Orte Cano Carmen , Fontaine Margot , Lenoir Clément , Pérez‐Anker Javiera , Puig Susana , Dubois Arnaud , Forestier Sandra , Monnier Jilliana , Jdid Randa , Cazorla Gabriel , Pedrazzani Mélanie , Sanchez Antoine , Fischman Sébastien , Rubegni Pietro , del Marmol Véronique , Malvehy Joseph , Cinotti Elisa , Perrot Jean L. , Suppa Mariano 
Published: February 2022

Line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography is a new imaging technique providing in vivo three‐dimensional images of the skin. Its spatial resolution allows standard measurements as SC/epidermis thicknesses or dermal‐epidermal junction undulation as well as innovative quantification of epidermis down to the cellular level based on artificial intelligence. Each keratinocyte can be counted and characterized by the size and shape of its nucleus. This technology produces epidermal metrics that can be useful both for research and current clinical practice.Further details can be found in the article by J. Chauvel‐Picard, V. Bérot, L. Tognetti, et al. (e202100236)
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Corrosion behavior and degradation mechanism of micro‐extruded 3D printed ordered pore topological Fe scaffolds
Authors: Mishra Dipesh Kumar , Pandey Pulak Mohan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe fabrication of ordered pore topological structures (OPTS) with an improved biodegradation profile offers unique attributes required for bone reconstruction. These attributes consisted of fully interconnected porous structure, bone‐mimicking mechanical properties, and the possibility of fully regenerating bony defects. Most of the biomaterials based on magnesium were associated with the problem of too fast degradation rate. Here, the present aim was based on the fabrication of ordered pore topological Fe structures (OPTFS) using micro‐extrusion‐based 3D printing followed by pressureless microwave sintering. Two different kinds of pore features namely randomly distributed interconnected micropores and designed interconnected macropores were investigated. Static in vitro degradation results inferred that the H‐2 mm pore size of hexagonal based ordered pore topological Fe structures (H‐OPTFS) exhibited the highest degradation rate of 6.45 mg cm−2 day−1 on the 28th day. Electrochemical results revealed that the corrosion current density of the T‐1 Fe sample with 44% porosity increased nearly by a multiple of three times as compared to dense Fe (from 16.79 to 44.63 . Similarly, these results showed more significance in H‐2 mm pores size (with highest 66% porosity) of H‐OPTFS as compared to H‐1.75 mm and H‐1.5 mm pore size of H‐OPTFS (≈2 times higher degradation rate than H‐1.5 mm pore size). Moreover, the MG63 osteoblast cell line was adhered to and proliferated significantly throughout the surface and illustrated more than 80% cell viability of the prepared porous Fe scaffold. The analyzed results have shown the potential of fabricated OPTFS could be considered for biomedical applications.
Mobilized and apheresis‐collected endothelial progenitor cells with plerixafor
Authors: Perdomo Susana , Brugnini Andreina , Trias Natalia , Menyou Alba , Silveira Gonzalo , Ranero Sabrina , Lens Daniela , Díaz Lilián , Grille Sofía 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundEndothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are immature cells able to proliferate and contribute to endothelial repair, vascular homeostasis, neovascularization, and angiogenesis. It therefore seems likely that circulating EPCs have therapeutic potential in ischemic and vascular diseases. In this study we evaluated the efficiency of EPC mobilization and collection by large volume leukapheresis in subjects with hematological diseases, treated with plerixafor in association with G‐CSF.MethodsTwenty‐two patients with lymphoid malignancies underwent rHuG‐CSF and plerixafor treatment followed by leukapheresis. Blood samples before and after treatment and apheresis liquid sample were taken and analyzed by flow cytometry in order to quantified EPC.ResultsThe percentage of CD34+ cells and EPCs among circulating total nuclear cells (TNCs) increased significantly by approximately 2‐fold and 3‐fold, respectively, after plerixafor treatment. Consequently, the absolute number of CD34+ cells and EPCs were increased 4‐fold after plerixafor treatment. The median PB concentration of EPCs before and after treatment were 0.77/μL (0.31‐2.15) and 3.41/μL (1.78‐4.54), respectively, P < .0001. The total EPCs collected per patient were 3.3×107 (0.8×107–6.8×107).ConclusionWe have shown that plerixafor in combination with G‐CSF allows the mobilization and collection of large amounts of EPCs along with CD34+ cells in lymphoid neoplasm patients. The possibility to collect and to store these cells could represent a promising therapeutic tool for the treatment of ischemic complications without the need of in vitro expansion.
Case formulation in emotion‐focused therapy
Authors: Goldman Rhonda , Goldstein Zoë 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCase formulation in emotion‐focused therapy aids therapists to both conceptualize core emotion schemes and follow markers across therapy that signify tasks aimed at emotional transformation. The case formulation process will be illustrated in the successful case of Jina, a woman with a history of childhood emotional abuse who sought therapy for depression. The three stages of case formulation are co‐constructed between client and therapist. In stage one, the therapist assesses her initial emotion processing style and listens as the emotion‐based narrative unfolds. In stage two, the core emotion scheme and formulation narrative organize around feelings of shame of inferiority and attachment‐related feelings of being rejected and unloved. Attendant secondary emotions of powerlessness, and unmet needs for validation emerge. Stage three evolves as the therapist follows process markers, prompting chair work for both unfinished business and self‐criticism, ultimately helping Jina access adaptive sadness and newly experienced self‐compassion.
Loving lunch in junior high: Lunchtime activities and a sense of belonging in school
Authors: Whiting Erin Feinauer , Hinton Anna E. , Jensen Bryant 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe explore student lunchtime experiences as they relate to student sense of belonging. We use SPSS Two‐Step cluster analysis and logistic regression of data from a schoolwide survey (n = 830) in the United States. Stepwise modeling is used to determine the importance of clusters representing lunchtime activity preferences and love of lunch on belonging scores. Loving lunch significantly positively affects school belonging. Students naturally group into five distinct different activity profiles based on lunchtime preferences. These profiles are significantly related to a sense of belonging. Being active with peers during lunch was most strongly correlated with sense of belonging. Lunchtime warrants more attention for fostering a sense of belonging in the school community. Broadening lunchtime activity options, especially in schools where there are few available ways for socializing and being active, has the potential to support the diverse needs of students and increase belonging.
An exploratory study on the propagation of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants: Omicron is the most predominant variant
Authors: Rathinasamy Muthusami , Kandhasamy Saritha 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) evolves, it accumulates mutations, which are changes in the genetic code. Because this virus has built‐in RNA repair mechanisms, it generates mutations more slowly than some other RNA viruses. Thousands of mutations have emerged since the beginning of the pandemic throughout all virus genomes sequenced to date, resulting in thousands of distinct variants. However, some variants have recently been discovered that appear to increase transmissibility and may affect illness pervasiveness. In this study, we investigated SARS‐CoV‐2 variants and how countries intervene with them. We also depicted the top 25 countries where the Omicron variant is prevalent, with the UK, US, Denmark, France, and Australia having the top five places as of January 13, 2022. The perception of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants was investigated in those five countries, and the propagation rate of the Omicron variant was determined to be 51%, 29%, 26%, 15%, and 44%, respectively, indicating that the Omicron variant is the most prevalent among the others. Then, a study of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection test rate based on tests conducted per one million populations with a number of sequences in those five countries reveals that 25%, 73%, 1.6%, 4.8%, and 1.5%, respectively, it suggests that viral testing should be increased in all five countries since it will help to determine the precise distribution of variants and aid governments in making policy decisions for public safety. We anticipated the production of new variants strains. This study implies that limiting disease transmissions, such as acquiring a coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine and booster doses for those aged 18 and older, as well as wearing the mask in public places, is the best strategy to prevent the emergence of new variants.
Genomic, immunological, and clinical analysis of COVID‐19 vaccine breakthrough infections in Beijing, China
Authors: Tian Di , Song Yang , Zhang Man , Pan Yang , Ge Ziruo , Zhang Yao , Ren Xingxiang , Wen Jing , Xu Yanli , Guo Hong , Yang Peng , Chen Zhihai , Xu Wenbo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is still ongoing and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) variants are circulating worldwide, an increasing number of breakthrough infections are being detected despite the good efficacy of COVID‐19 vaccines. Data on 88 COVID‐19 breakthrough cases (breakthrough infections group) and 41 unvaccinated cases (unvaccinated group) from June 1 to August 22, 2021, were extracted from a cloud database established at Beijing Ditan Hospital to evaluate the clinical, immunological, and genomic characteristics of COVID‐19 breakthrough infections. Among these 129 COVID‐19 cases, 33 whole genomes were successfully sequenced, of which 23 were Delta variants, including 15 from the breakthrough infections group. Asymptomatic and mild cases predominated in both groups, but two patients developed severe disease in the unvaccinated group. The median time of viral shedding in the breakthrough infections group was significantly lower than that in the unvaccinated group (p = 0.003). In the breakthrough infections group, the IgG titers showed a significantly increasing trend (p = 0.007), and the CD4 + T lymphocyte count was significantly elevated (p = 0.018). For people infected with the Delta variant in the two groups, no significant difference was observed in either the quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction results or viral shedding time. In conclusion, among vaccinated patients, the cases of COVID‐19 vaccine breakthrough infections were mainly asymptomatic and mild, IgG titers were significantly increased and rose rapidly, and the viral shedding time was shorter.
PMMA Bone Cement Composite Functions as an Adjuvant Chemotherapeutic Platform for Localized and Multi‐Window Release during Bone Reconstruction
Authors: Cyphert Erika L. , Kanagasegar Nithya , Zhang Ningjing , Learn Greg D. , von Recum Horst A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPrimary bone tumor resections often result in critical size defects, which then necessitate challenging clinical management approaches to reconstruct. One such intervention is the Masquelet technique, in which poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement is placed as a spacer temporarily while adjuvant chemotherapeutics are administered systemically. The spacer is later removed and replaced with bone autograft. Local recurrence remains an important and devastating problem, therefore, a system capable of locally delivering chemotherapeutics will present unique advantages. In this work, a refillable chemotherapeutic (doxorubicin, DOX) delivery platform comprised of PMMA bone cement and insoluble γ‐cyclodextrin (γ‐CD) polymeric microparticles is developed and explored towards application as a temporary adjuvant chemotherapeutic spacer. The system is characterized for porosity, mechanical strength, DOX filling and refilling capacity, elution kinetics, and cytotoxicity. Since residual chemotherapeutics can adversely impact bone healing, it is important that virtually all DOX be released from material. Composites containing 15 wt% γ‐CD microparticles demonstrate 100% DOX release within 100 days, whereas only 6% DOX is liberated from PMMA with free DOX over same period. Refillable properties of PMMA composite system may find utility for customizing dosing regimens. Findings suggest that PMMA composites can have potential as chemotherapeutic delivery platforms to assist in bone reconstruction.