bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
الرسوم الباقية من عصور الأندلس الزاهية: قراءة ذاتيّة حيّة
Authors: Ibrahim (عبد الله إبراهيم) Abdullah 
Published: September 2022

المستخلص
‫”الرسوم الباقية من عصور الأندلس الزاهية“ عنوانٌ يهتدي – كما لا يغيب عن أحد – بعنوان كتاب الآثار الباقية عن القرون الخالية لأبي الريحان البيرونيّ (ت 1048م)؛ فالأثر الباقي يدلّ على ما كانت عليه الأحوال في الماضي. وقد وقع الاختيار على الأثر الأندلسيّ كونه الرسم الأبقى من حضارة طواها النسيان، ولم تبق غير ثقافتها شاخصة بالآثار الناطقة بها. والمراد من الوقوف على الأثر الأندلسيّ جعله يدلّ على ما كان عليه في سياقه وفي عصره. ولأنّ البحث يقع في أهمّيّة ”الأثر،“ يلزم التفكير باللغة؛ فما الذي يجعل الأثر حاملًا لمحمول توارى عن الأنظار فيما عجزت اللغة عن حمله؟ وبعبارة أدقّ، لماذا لا تحمل اللغة العربيّة آداب أهلها إلى العالم في العصور الحديثة؟ ولماذا حملت الآثار الباقية حضارتهم إلى كثير من أرجاء العالم؟ يقوم البحث على استنطاق دلالة الآثار الباقية في الأندلس العربيّة، وينطلق في قراءتها اعتمادًا على زيارات الكاتب لها، والقصد منه تقديم قراءة حيّة للأثر دون الوقوف على تعاريفه في المصادر؛ فقوام البحث هو ترحّلٌ شخصيّ لتلك الآثار، واستنطاق دلالاتها الثقافيّة، والاعتبار بما تشهد به الآن عن الماضي السحيق.‬
الانزياحات الدلاليّة لـ“الأثر الدارس” في القصيدة الصوفيّة بين اللطائف العرفانيّة والمؤثّرات الربّانيّة
Authors: Khoualdia (أسماء خوالديّة) Asma 
Published: September 2022

المستخلص
لئن اعتاد الأفقُ التقليديّ تقبُّلَ “الأثر” أمارةً عَيانيّةً ملموسةً تُنبِئُ بفاعلها الفائت الزائل، أو طللًا دارسًا يعبّر عن فجيعة العاشق باكيًا زمنَ أُنسه بحبيبته ولذّات وصالها، فإنّه في المنظور الصوفيّ بدا على خلاف ذلك بالكلّيّة. إنّه لا يُدرَك بالحواسّ، إنّما هو قلبيّ عرفانيّ، وهو لِلَطافته لا يُمكن بيانُه، وهيهات البرهنة عليه أو وصفه أو تعيينه لأنّه حاجبٌ ومحجوب في الآن ذاته‪.‬
يدرس البحث الانزياحات الدلاليّة لـ“الأثر الدارس” في القصيدة الصوفيّة بين اللطائف العرفانيّة والمؤثّرات الربّانيّة عن طريق تمثُّل “الأثر” جسدًا متخرّقًا ثمّ قادحًا للّطائف العرفانيّة، فأمارةً على المؤثّرات الربّانيّة. وذلك في سياق رمزيّ عامّ تشِفُّ فيه العبارات عن إشارات حرص الصوفيّ رغم استتارها إلّا على الخلصاء من السالكين‪.‬
Use of Images to Support Critical Visual Literacy
Authors: Adil Rehana 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In a contemporary society dominated by visual media, critical visual literacy (cvl) is a significant skill to inculcate, and yet, in some educational systems, its integration in teaching and education has not (yet) achieved enough recognition, especially in a context like Pakistan. As it is assumed that students will develop the necessary competencies by themselves as they operate in a far more visually stimulating world today. This view, however, is contested in literature where it is claimed that students can learn to develop cvl competencies just like they develop their phonemic literacy skills. Thus, the current study investigated how the use of images in a classroom of 12-year-olds in Karachi, Pakistan can help them develop cvl. Using an action research methodology with video-recorded observations, focus-group interviews, teacher’s reflections, and students’ work, data was obtained over 10 weeks. The findings from the study suggested that as students analysed and interpreted images, they enhanced their abilities to consider multiple perspectives, critical thinking, application-based learning, and visualization, eventually, improving their engagement, learning, and development. However, for some students, the process of critical interrogation of images was found to be challenging. Also, a well-prepared teacher with pedagogical content knowledge on cvl was found equally important to involve students in more meaningful learning experiences.
Hydrometeorological Processes and Moisture Sources in the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau: Insights from a 7-Yr Study on Precipitation Isotopes
Authors: Wu Huawu , Zhang Cicheng , Li Xiao-Yan , Fu Congsheng , Wu Haohao , Wang Pei , Liu Jinzhao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The northeastern Tibetan Plateau is located in a climatic junction, which is considered an ideal region to explore the interactions between the summer monsoons and the westerly circulation patterns. However, to date, the needed long-term precipitation-based isotopic dataset is too limited to predict the interactions and patterns. This paper presents an evaluation of hydrometeorological processes and climate dynamics in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau based on a 7-yr precipitation isotope dataset covering the summer monsoon periods from 2012 to 2018. Results illustrated remarkable seasonal isotopic variability, characterized by lower δ18O and δ2H values in June with an average of −10‰ and −66.7‰, respectively. Higher δ18O and δ2H values in July averaged −6.7‰ and −39.5‰, respectively. This clear isotopic variability is largely related to seasonal changes of moisture sources and hydrometeorological processes. These precipitation isotopic values were primarily determined by the amount of precipitation, relative humidity, and convective activity, but showed no correlation with air temperature. Backward trajectory model results showed that Xinjiang, northern China, the Arctic, central Asia, and the South China Sea (SCS) were the primary sources of precipitation for the study site with varying seasonal contributions. The maritime moisture source of the SCS primarily resulted in the lowest precipitation δ18O values during the prevailing summer monsoon, which is mainly as a result of the strong convective activity and rainout processes along the air trajectory. The higher average deuterium excess (d-excess) value of precipitation in September indicated continental sources from central Asia (e.g., 75.4%) as land vapor recycling increases d-excess concentration in the atmosphere. These findings provide further insights into the main factors of precipitation isotopic variability related to atmospheric processes along the trajectory and the relevant factors in the monsoon regions.

Significance Statement
Recently, scientists and policy makers have become aware that Tibetan hydroclimate variability provides evidence of changes in regional and global circulation patterns that may result in the intensification of climate-driven extremes. However, these studies largely depend on crucial paleoclimate records of past precipitation isotopes in monsoon regions, which contain great uncertainties because of the complex relationship between climatic variability and precipitation isotopes. This study first presented a 7-yr isotopic dataset to understand the hydrological processes and climate dynamics controlling the isotopic variability in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. The findings reveal important factors on the isotopic variability associated with atmospheric processes and their key climatic variables, which can enhance our interpretation of the paleoclimate records in monsoon regions.
Climate Change and Homicide: Global Analysis of the Moderating Role of Information and Communication Technology
Authors: Wei Jiuchang , Shao Qianwen , Liu Yang , Marinova Dora 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The link between climate change and human conflict has received substantial attention in academic research using different measures of “conflict”; however, it is yet to interpret interpersonal violence in terms of homicide. This study takes a global perspective to investigate how climate change, typically represented by temperature and precipitation, directly and indirectly affects national homicide rates across countries. From longitudinal archival data from 171 countries from 2000 to 2018, we detect a direct and positive relationship between higher temperatures and homicide, whereas an indirect pathway between wetter climate and homicide through the occurrence of more natural hazards has also been shown in our empirical results. The relationship between climate change and homicide can be moderated by the level of information and communication technologies (ICT). We conclude that the development of ICT contributes to building the countries’ resilience to climate change with better information and communication technologies to help alleviate the negative impacts of climate change on homicide.
New Therapeutic Strategies in the Treatment of Stomal Recurrence After Total Laryngectomy: Role of Immunotherapy
Authors: Mesolella Massimo , Evangelista Antonietta , Allosso Salvatore , Matano Elide , Motta Giovanni , Motta Gaetano 
Published: September 2022

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of stoma recurrence and the therapeutic strategy outcomes in relation to survival that have been adopted over the past few decades using a monoclonal antibody, specifically nivolumab. Methods This study included a total of 487 patients diagnosed with laryngeal carcinoma undergoing either a laryngectomy or salvage surgery after conservative interventions at the ENT Unit of Federico II University in Naples, Italy, between 2011 and 2021. Following a minimum 2.5-year follow-up and a maximum 21-year follow-up, the results revealed that only 38 patients suffered a stomal recurrence. Results Despite various adopted treatment strategies, the literature reports lower patient survival rates. Following a total laryngectomy, stomal recurrence represents a therapeutic management challenge due to a poor prognosis for nearly every treated case. According to the literature, in fact, despite a low incidence (ie, 0.8–31.3%), the overall mortality rate increases from 77% to 100% after three years. Nevertheless, introducing immunotherapy into cancer treatment has resulted in an observable revolution in the treatment of different types of cancers over the years. Conclusion In light of recorded data on survival following the use of the nivolumab, the case presented in this study allows a new perspective of successfully treating recurrences of squamous carcinoma of the head and neck.
Use of cardiopulmonary bypass machine in intensive care unit as a short term mechanical circulatory support for recovery of cardiac function
Authors: Das Shubhadeep , Das Debasis , Dutta Nilanjan , Sharma Manish , Koley Rangan 
Published: September 2022

Introduction Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) is used as a bridge to recovery of cardiac function following completion of congenital cardiac surgeries where there is failure to wean from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) or severe low cardiac output states in the post operative periods. Although ECMO is a well-established form of mechanical circulatory support, the associated cost can be a huge financial burden on families. We are an ECMO center and use the same in post operative congenital cardiac surgeries for mechanical cardiovascular support if needed. However, a significant proportion of the children, whom we operate, are funded by government aides. The resources are limited in such circumstances. If needed, we use the same CPB circuit and cannulae used in the Operating Room (OR) and support them at a significantly lower cost compared to ECMO. Methods We report our experience of using conventional CPB machine as a short-term bridge to recovery of cardiac function in Intensive Care Unit where there was limitation of funds. Essentially same CPB circuit with roller pump is retained, by omitting cardiotomy suckers. We use D901 Lilliput 1 Oxygenator (Sorin, Italy) for children <5 kg and D902 Lilliput 2 (Sorin, Italy) Oxygenator for children >5 Kg. Results We supported nine patients on CPB between March 2019 and December 2021. During this time, 1392 congenital cardiac surgeries were performed. We could wean off three patients (33.3%) and discharge two patients (22.2%). Our support time ranged from 21 h to 60 h with a median of 48 h. Beyond 48 h of support, we experienced several CPB induced complications in our cohort. Conclusion In resource-limited settings, conventional CPB machines can be used for short-term cardiac support. Although results may not be comparable to using ECMO, some patients can be definitely salvaged, who would otherwise die in the absence of institution of mechanical circulatory support.
Association between quantitative spectral CT parameters, Ki-67 expression, and invasiveness in lung adenocarcinoma manifesting as ground-glass nodules
Authors: Wu Nan , Cao Qi-wei , Wang Chao-nan , Hu Hong-guang , Shi Hao , Deng Kai 
Published: September 2022

Background Few studies about lung ground-glass nodules (GGNs) have been done using non-enhancement spectral computed tomography (CT) imaging. Purpose To examine the association between spectral CT parameters, Ki-67 expression, and invasiveness in lung adenocarcinoma manifesting as GGNs. Material and Methods Spectral CT parameters were analyzed in 106 patients with lung GGNs. The Ki-67 labeling index (Ki-67 LI) was measured, and patients were divided into low expression and high expression groups according to the number of positive-stained cells (low expression ≤10%; high expression >10%). Spectral CT parameters were compared between low and high expression groups. The correlation between spectral CT parameters and Ki-67 LI was estimated by Spearman correlation analysis. Cases were divided into a preinvasive and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) group (atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, adenocarcinoma in situ, and MIA) and invasive adenocarcinoma (IA) group. Spectral CT parameters were compared between the two groups. The diagnostic performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Results There were significant differences in water concentration of lesions (WCL) and monochromatic CT values between the low and high expression groups. CT 40 keV had the highest correlation coefficient with Ki-67 LI. WCL and monochromatic CT values were significantly higher in the IA group than in the pre/MIA group. The value of area under the curve of CT 40 keV was 0.946 (95% confidence interval=0.905–0.988) for differentiating the two groups; the cutoff was −280.66 Hu. Conclusion Spectral CT is an effective non-invasive method for the prediction of proliferation and invasiveness in lung adenocarcinoma manifesting as GGNs.
A Reformulated Version of Marx’s Theory of Ground Rent Shows That There Cannot Be Any Absolute Rent
Authors: Basu Deepankar 
Published: September 2022

This article develops a simple theoretical model to analyze Marx’s theory of ground rent. Using the model, I demonstrate two important results. First, if we take capital outlay as exogenously given, then total ground rent can be decomposed into the three components: differential rent of the first variety (DRI), differential rent of the second variety (DRII), and absolute rent (AR). Second, if we let the amount of capital outlay on each plot of land be determined by the profit-maximizing behavior of capitalist farmers, then absolute rent becomes zero. Neither the low organic composition of capital nor the monopoly power of the class of landlords can generate any absolute rent. I conclude that under reasonable behavioral assumptions about landlords and capitalist farmers, there will be no absolute rent in a capitalist economy. JEL Classification: B51
Serum ACE2 Level is Associated With Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study
Authors: Bani Hani Amjad , Abu Tarboush Nafez , Bani Ali Mo’ath , Alabhoul Fahad , Alansari Fahad , Abuhani Ahmad , Al-Kawak Mustafa , Shamoun Badea’a , Albdour Suzan , Abu Abeeleh Mahmoud , Ahram Mamoun 
Published: September 2022

Objectives: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) represents the primary receptor for SARS-CoV-2 to enter endothelial cells, causing coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we investigate the association between circulating ACE2 levels with the severity of COVID-19. Methods: Serum ACE2 levels were measured in 144 COVID-19-positive subjects at hospital admission, and 123 COVID-19-negative control subjects. The association between ACE2 and clinical outcomes was analyzed. Results: About 144 COVID-19 patients and 123 healthy controls data were analyzed, the mean age of patients was 62 years and 50% of them were males. The mean age of the control group was 55 years and 63% were males. ACE-II level was measured and compared between COVID-19 patients and controls and revealed no significant differences ( P > .05). ACE-II level was measured in COVID-19 patients and compared between different patient’s subgroups, ACE II level was not dependent on gender, smoking, ACE intake, or comorbidities ( P > .05), and was significantly correlated with cardiovascular diseases (CVS) ( P-value = .046) ICU admission ( P-value = .0007) and Death ( P-value = .0082). Conclusion: There was no significant difference between the COVID-19 and Control group, however, ACE2 serum level was significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 who were critically ill or non-survivors, its increased level is also associated with length of stay. Elevated ACE2 level is associated with the severity of COVID-19 disease, and it has the potential to be a predictor of the severity of the disease.
Impact of the new measures related to the circular economy on the management of agrochemical packaging in Spanish agriculture and the use of biodegradable plastics
Authors: Castillo-Díaz Francisco José , Belmonte-Ureña Luis J. , Batlles-delaFuente Ana , Camacho-Ferre Francisco 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Waste disposal is an activity that pollutes the environment. The European Union has developed different legislative measures which are based on the circular economy (CE) to avoid this negative externality. The management of agricultural packaging (fertilizers and phytosanitary products) is carried out through Collective Deposit, Return, and Refund Systems (CDRRS). New regulations on waste tax the consumption of non-recyclable plastic in packaging, but also reward the use of plastic by-products from packaging. The administrations recommend using biodegradable plastic in the means of production, as well as establishing a traceability system (TS) to control the proper management of all the generated waste. The proposed measures can affect producer cost accounts. This work aimed to identify and evaluate the existing agricultural packaging management system in Spain. It also studied the influence of the price of a barrel of oil, crop surface, irrigation regime, and the type of subsectors on CDRRS, and quantified the impact of the latest fiscal measures and initiatives proposed by Spanish administrations.

Results
The generation of agricultural packaging is influenced by variables including the cultivated area, irrigation regime, and agricultural subsector. The price of a barrel of oil directly influences the current by-product utilization system. Using biodegradable plastic or implementing a TS can increase production costs by up to 9.80%. The current system of subsidies to producers can soften the economic impact caused by the additional cost of biodegradable plastic (4.03%), but no subsidies have been foreseen to encourage the use of environmentally friendly alternatives.

Conclusions
Findings indicate that public administrations should be guided by the specific characteristics of the different agricultural systems when defining regulations on agricultural waste management. The fixed rate in the current system of subsidies for using plastic by-products obtained from packaging should be substituted for a variable rate. Transferring powers to autonomous communities to define by-products may lead to heterogeneity in the Spanish territory. New measures derived from the recent environmental agreements to comply with the 2030 Agenda will increase production costs even after considering the current aid scheme. The subsidy coefficient should be increased to 80% of the purchase invoice.
Transcription and proteome changes involved in re-innervation muscle following nerve crush in rats
Authors: Li Haotao , Yuan Wanqiong , Chen Yijian , Lin Bofu , Wang Shuai , Deng Zhantao , Zheng Qiujian , Li Qingtian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSevere peripheral nerve injury leads to the irreparable disruption of nerve fibers. This leads to disruption of synapses with the designated muscle, which consequently go through progressive atrophy and damage of muscle function. The molecular mechanism that underlies the re-innervation process has yet to be evaluated using proteomics or transcriptomics. In the present study, multi-dimensional data were therefore integrated with transcriptome and proteome profiles in order to investigate the mechanism of re-innervation in muscles. Two simulated nerve injury muscle models in the rat tibial nerve were compared: the nerve was either cut (denervated, DN group) or crushed but with the nerve sheath intact (re-innervated, RN group). The control group had a preserved and intact tibial nerve. At 4 weeks, the RN group showed better tibial nerve function and recovery of muscle atrophy compared to the DN group. As the high expression of Myh3, Postn, Col6a1 and Cfi, the RN group demonstrated superior re-innervation as well. Both differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and proteins (DEPs) were enriched in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) signaling pathway, as well as the energy metabolism. This study provides basic information regarding DEGs and DEPs during re-innervation-induced muscle atrophy. Furthermore, the crucial genes and proteins can be detected as possible treatment targets in the future.
Comparison of SaCoVLM™ video laryngeal mask-guided intubation and i-gel combined with flexible bronchoscopy-guided intubation in airway management during general anesthesia: a non-inferiority study
Authors: Yan Chun-ling , Zhang Yi-qi-yuan , Chen Ying , Qv Zong-yang , Zuo Ming-zhang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
When a difficult airway is unanticipatedly encountered and the initial laryngoscopic intubation fails, a supraglottic airway device (SAD) may be placed to aid ventilation and oxygenation, and act as a conduit for intubation. SaCoVLM™, as new SAD, can offer a direct vision to guide intubation. However, no study has evaluated the performance of SaCoVLM™ video laryngeal mask (VLM) intubation and i-gel combined with flexible bronchoscopy (FB)-guided intubation in airway management during general anesthesia.

Methods
A total of 120 adult patients were randomly allocated into the SaCoVLM™ group (Group S) and i-gel group (Group I). After induction of general anesthesia, guided tracheal intubation under direct vision of the SaCoVLM™ was conducted in Group S, while Group I received FB-guided tracheal intubation using the i-gel. The success rate of SAD placement, first-pass success rate of guided tracheal tube placement, and total success rate in both groups were recorded. The time for SAD placement, time for guided tracheal intubation, total intubation time (time for SAD placement and intubation), glottic exposure grading and postoperative intubation complications (i.e., dysphagia, hoarseness, pharyngalgia, etc.) of both groups were also compared.

Results
The first-time success rate of SAD placement was 98% in two groups. The first-pass success rate of guided endotracheal intubation was 92% in Group S and 93% in Group I (P = 0.74 > 0.05). The total intubation time was 30.8(± 9.7) s and 57.4(± 16.6) s (95% CI = -31.5 to -21.7) in Group S and Group I, respectively (P < 0.01). The total complication rate was 8% in Group S and 22% in Group I (P < 0.05). The laryngeal inlet could be observed in the S group through the visual system of SaCoVLM™. No dysphagia or hoarseness was reported.

Conclusion
SaCoVLM™ can reveal the position of laryngeal inlet, thus providing direct vision for tracheal intubation. SaCoVLM™ -guided intubation is faster, and does not rely on FB, compared to i-gel combined with FB-guided intubation. Besides, SaCoVLM™ has a lower post-intubation complication rate.

Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (ChiCTR2100043443); Date of registration: 18/02/2021.