bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Picomolar detection limits for glyphosate by two‐dimensional column‐coupled isotachophoresis/capillary zone electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Graf Hannes Georg , Rudisch Benjamin Maximilian , Ude Lukas , Müller Linda , Huhn Carolin 
Published: August 2022

Capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry often lacks sufficient limits of detection for trace substances in the environment due to its low loadability. To overcome this problem, we conducted a feasibility study for column‐coupling isotachophoresis to capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry. The first dimension isotachophoresis preconcentrated the analytes. The column‐coupling of both dimensions was achieved by a hybrid capillary microfluidic chip setup. Reliable analyte transfer by voltage switching was enabled by an in‐chip capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector placed around the channel of the common section between two T‐shaped crossings in the chip connecting both dimensions. This eliminated the need to calculate the moment of analyte transfer. A commercial capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry instrument with easily installable adaptations operated the setup. Prior to coupling isotachophoresis with capillary zone electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry, both dimensions were optimized individually by simulations and verified experimentally. Both dimensions were able to stack/separate all degradation products of glyphosate, the most important herbicide applied worldwide. The first dimension isotachophoresis also removed phosphate, which is a critical matrix component in many environmental samples. Enrichment and separation of glyphosate and its main degradation product aminomethylphosphonic acid by the two‐dimensional setup provided an excellent limit of detection of 150 pM (25 ng/L) for glyphosate.
Food niches of planktonic rotifers: Diversification and implications
Authors: Gilbert John J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe diverse diets of common planktonic rotifers are described in detail from field and laboratory observations and experiments. Also considered are methodological approaches, rotifer feeding mechanisms, and the availability in natural waters of less well‐known food items (detritus, picoplankton, protozoans). Despite much variation among and within rotifer genera, food niches of planktonic rotifers can be subdivided into four broad, overlapping categories defined by the predominant types and sizes of food ingested: (1) microphagous rotifers that eat fine detritus/organic aggregates, picoplankton, and 2–10 μm nanoplankton; (2) polyphagous rotifers that eat the above items, larger nanoplankton, and small (20–50 μm) microplankton; (3) macrophagous algivores that eat 5–50 μm algae; and (4) macrophagous omnivores/predators that eat 5–250 μm algae, protozoans, and metazoans. These diet‐based categories have ecological advantages over categories based on rotifer morphology or feeding mode. The information on diets assembled here is important for understanding: (1) the population dynamics of planktonic rotifers and their food organisms; (2) the position of rotifers in classical and microbial food webs; (3) the seasonality, spatial distribution, and species diversity of rotifers in plankton communities; and (4) food overlap, and thus potential resource competition, among planktonic protozoans, rotifers, and crustaceans.
Interactive effects of increasing chloride concentration and warming on freshwater plankton communities
Authors: McClymont Alexandra , Arnott Shelley E. , Rusak James A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAcross the Northern hemisphere, chloride concentrations in lakes are increasing from decades of road salt use, threatening aquatic ecosystems. Zooplankton are sensitive to increasing chloride but few studies have considered how additional stressors, such as soft water or increasing lake temperatures interact with the negative effects of chloride. To determine the effects of increasing chloride and temperature on freshwater zooplankton and phytoplankton communities, we conducted a mesocosm experiment using 30 concentrations of chloride from ambient levels to 1500 mg L−1, ambient or warmed (+2.7°C) temperatures, and plankton from a softwater lake. We compared the results with current Canadian Water Quality Guidelines (CWQG) for chronic exposure to chloride. Although warming elicited little response, increasing chloride concentrations led to reduced zooplankton biomass and richness, even at concentrations below the CWQG, and an increase in cyanobacteria abundance, suggesting that policies regulating road salt application should be reevaluated to better protect aquatic ecosystems.
Preparation of Thermosensitive Hydroxybutyl Chitosan/Silk Fibroin Hybrid Hydrogels
Authors: Liu Xueping , Wu Hui , Pan Peng , Wang Mengmeng , Zhang Wenjing , Hu Cheng , Lu Shenzhou , Li Mingzhong , Liu Yu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEndowing silk fibroin (SF) with the thermosensitivity of rapid in situ gelation remains a challenge in the field of silk fibroin‐based tissue engineering scaffolds and injectable soft tissue fillers. In this study, thermosensitive hydroxybutyl chitosan (HBC)/SF hybrid hydrogels are prepared by physical interaction between HBC and SF. In HBC/SF hybrid system, hydrophobic segments of HBC are aggregated to form microaggregates at physiological temperature, which induce hydrophobic segments of SF to aggregate to the microaggregates by hydrophobic interaction, thus achieving the sol–gel transformation of the two components jointly. The observations and tests of the gelation process show that HBC/SF hybrids with mass ratios of 95/5, 90/10, 85/15, 80/20, 75/25, and 70/30 can complete sol–gel transition rapidly within 5–8 min at 37 °C, and have the reversibility of sol–gel transition. CCK‐8 assay results reveal that the cytotoxicity of HBC hydrogel is effectively reduced by the introduction of SF component. Thermosensitive HBC/SF hybrids have the potential to be used as injectable tissue engineering scaffolds and soft tissue filler.
Maximizing total early work in a distributed two‐machine flow‐shop
Authors: Dolgui Alexandre , Kovalyov Mikhail Y. , Lin Bertrand M. T. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe problem of maximizing total early work in a two‐machine flow‐shop, in which n jobs are to be scheduled subject to a common due date d, has been recently studied in the scheduling literature. An O(n2d4) time dynamic programming algorithm was presented first for the weighted case, and then for the unweighted case another O(n2d2) running time dynamic programming algorithm was proposed and converted into an time fully polynomial time approximation scheme (FPTAS). By establishing new problem properties, we present an O(nd2) time dynamic programming algorithm and an time FPTAS for the unweighted problem. We generalize the problem to a distributed setting of m parallel two‐machine flow‐shops, develop an O(nd3m) time dynamic programming algorithm, an time FPTAS, and three integer linear programming (ILP) formulations for it. Computational experiments are conducted to appraise the proposed ILP models.
Maximum isometric tongue strength and tongue endurance in healthy adults
Authors: Hao Grace , Chih Yu‐Chun , Ni Anpin , Harada Kazuaki , Thompson Jorde , Chen Shiuan‐Chih , Chang Yu‐Jung 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTongue muscles play critical roles in swallowing function. This study was designed to investigate the tongue function of healthy individuals without food intake and compose a tongue function database in Taiwan across age, gender, and two tongue bulb placement positions.MethodsBoth tongue strength and tongue endurance were measured at the anterior and the posterior tongue position. A total of 214 participants (102 males and 112 females) across six age groups completed the tongue strength study. Only 203 participants (96 males and 107 females) completed the tongue endurance study.ResultsResults of this study found no significant interaction effects between age and gender for all the tongue strength and endurance measures. Both anterior and posterior tongue strength were significantly lower in the older group (60+) compared with the middle‐aged participants (31–40). Although no significant differences were found in younger age groups at either tongue positions on endurance measures, significantly lower tongue endurances were noticed in the 60+ age group. The tongue strength and tongue endurance measurements were greater at the anterior position than the posterior position, decrease in the 60+ age group.ConclusionThe tongue endurance duration was similar between males and females and remained relatively stable throughout life. In contrast, the impact of age and gender on the maximum tongue strength measurement was more obvious. Tongue strength and endurance level were observed to decline with advancing age at both the anterior and the posterior positions. These data could be one feasible reference indicator for oral function and swallowing state in Taiwanese population.
Application of a clinical decision rule and laboratory assays in pediatrics: Adult heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Cohen Omri , Lange Kfir , Budnik Ivan , Tamarin Ilia , Brutman‐Barazani Tami , Barg Assaf Arie , Rosenberg Nurit , Lubetsky Aharon , Kenet Gili , Levy‐Mendelovich Sarina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundHeparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is rare among pediatric patients. The diagnosis of HIT depends upon clinical decision tools to assess its pretest probability, supported by laboratory evidence of anti‐platelet factor 4 (anti‐PF4)/heparin antibodies.AimsTo compare the use of the 4Ts score clinical decision tool, clinical characteristics, and laboratory findings between pediatric and adult patients with suspected HIT.MethodsWe compiled all pediatric patients in our center for whom HIT testing was performed during the years 2015–2021. These were compared with a cohort of consecutive adult patients. Laboratory diagnosis of HIT was performed with particle gel immunoassay (PaGIA) as screening test and confirmed by an automated latex‐enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay (LIA) and/or by functional flow cytometry assay (FCA).ResultsThe cohort included 34 children (under 18 years) and 105 adults. Adults mostly received heparins for thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment (72.4%, n = 76), and were more frequently treated with low‐molecular‐weight heparin (LMWH). Children were mostly exposed during cardiopulmonary bypass and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO, 61.8%, n = 21), and were more frequently treated with unfractionated heparin (UFH). Compared with adults, children had significantly higher 4Ts scores. Nevertheless, adults had a slightly higher rate of a positive diagnosis of HIT. Six out of 16 adults with confirmed HIT presented with thrombosis (37.5%), whereas all three pediatric patients with HIT presented with thrombosis (p = .087).Conclusions4Ts scores are higher in children compared with adult patients for whom laboratory tests for HIT were obtained. A potentially higher incidence of thrombosis in children with HIT may be attributable to the severity of underlying illness.
Relationship of explicit/implicit self‐esteem discrepancies, suicide ideation, and suicide risk in patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Yin Xunbao , Shen Jianfei , Jiang Nengzhi , Sun Jing , Wang Yanyu , Sun Hongwei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe present study was conducted to explore the associations between explicit self‐esteem (ESE), implicit self‐esteem (ISE), ESE/ISE discrepancies, depression severity, suicidal ideation (SI), and suicide risk among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). To this end, 36 MDD patients with SI, 35 MDD patients without SI, and 32 healthy controls were recruited. All participants were interviewed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), and they also completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation‐Chinese Version (BSI‐CV) and the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale (SES) were used for the analysis. Further, the Implicit Association Test (IAT) was conducted to assess participants' ISE. The study revealed significant differences in ESE among the three groups, F(2, 90) = 44.88, p < .001. In particular, the group of MDD patients with SI had the lowest score. The interaction between the size and direction of ESE/ISE discrepancy was associated with depression severity, β = −.50, p = .004, and SI, β = −.39, p = .045. Among the four types of self‐esteem, individuals with diminished self‐esteem had the highest SI score whereas individuals with low congruent self‐esteem had the highest suicide risk score. Based on these findings, the study suggested that diminished self‐esteem could help in the early detection of depression and SI. Low‐congruent self‐esteem may also be considered a screening factor for suicide risk.
Clinician‐reported chorionicity and zygosity assignment using single‐nucleotide polymorphism‐based cell‐free DNA: Lessons learned from 55,344 twin pregnancies
Authors: Wojas Anna , Martin Kimberly A. , Koyen Malashevich Allyson , Hashimoto Katelyn , Parmar Sheetal , White Roseann , Demko Zachary , Billings Paul , Jelsema Russ , Rebarber Andrei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivePrenatal chorionicity assessment relies on ultrasound, which can be confounded by many factors. Noninvasive assessment of zygosity is possible using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐based cell‐free DNA testing. Our objective was to determine the relationship between provider‐reported chorionicity and SNP‐cfDNA assignment of twin zygosity.MethodsAll twin pregnancy blood samples received by a reference laboratory between September 27, 2017 and September 8, 2021 were included. Chorionicity assignment was requested on the requisition, recorded as; monochorionic (MC), dichorionic, or “don't know”. SNP‐cfDNA zygosity results, monozygotic (MZ) or dizygotic (DZ), were correlated with chorionicity assignment.Results59,471 twin samples (median gestational age = 12.0 weeks at draw) were received and analyzed; 55,344 (93.1%) received zygosity assignment. SNP‐cfDNA reported 16,673 (30.1%) MZ and 38,671 (69.9%) as DZ. Provider‐reported chorionicity was compared to the zygosity assignment for each case. Of 6283 provider‐reported MC twins, 318 (5.1%) were reported as DZ using SNP‐cfDNA.Conclusion(s)One in 20 suspected MC twin pregnancies were reported as DZ using SNP‐cfDNA. Approximately 30% of 55,344 twin pregnancies were found to be MZ, including cases where chorionicity was unknown. SNP‐cfDNA zygosity assessment is a useful adjunct assessment for twin pregnancies, particularly those reported as MC or without determined chorionicity.
Adverse events in the digital age and where to find them
Authors: Di Giovanni Robert , Cochrane Andrew , Parker Jeremy , Lewis David J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExponential growth of health‐related data collected by digital tools is a reality within pharmaceutical and medical device research and development. Data generated through digital tools may be categorized as relevant to efficacy and/or safety. The enormity of these data requires the adoption of new approaches for processing and evaluation. Recognition of patterns within the safety data is vital for sponsors seeking regulatory approval for their new products. Nontraditional data sources may contain relevant safety information; early evaluation of these data will help to determine the product safety profile. Advanced technologies have allowed the development of digital tools to screen these data, which in some situations are classified as software as a medical devices and subject to clinical evaluation and post‐marketing surveillance. Artificial intelligence may help to reduce or even eliminate noise from within these data, allowing safety experts to focus on the most pertinent evidence. We propose a data typology and provide considerations on how to define adverse events within different types of data, even where no human reporter exists. Proposals are made for the automation of screening processes. We consider validation aspects to support solutions that are proven to produce reliable results, and to deliver trusted outputs to stakeholders.
Profiling the response to lumacaftor‐ivacaftor in children with cystic between fibrosis and new insight from a French‐Italian real‐life cohort
Authors: Cornet Matthieu , Robin Geneviève , Ciciriello Fabiana , Bihouee Tiphaine , Marguet Christophe , Roy Valérie , Lebourgeois Muriel , Chedevergne Frédérique , Bonnel Anne Sophie , Kelly Mairead , Reix Philippe , Lucidi Vincenzina , Stoven Véronique , Sermet‐Gaudelus Isabelle 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionClinical trials for CFTR modulators consider mean changes of clinical status at the cohort level, and thus fail to assess the heterogeneity of the response. We aimed to study the different response profiles to lumacaftor‐ivacaftor according to age in children with cystic fibrosis (CF).MethodsA mathematical framework, including principal component analysis, data clustering, and data completion, was applied to a multicenter cohort of 112 children aged 6–18 years, treated with lumacaftor‐ivacaftor. Studied parameters at baseline and 6 months included body mass index (BMI), number of days of antibiotics (ATB), Sweat test (ST), forced expiratory volume in 1 s expressed in percentage predicted (ppFEV1), forced vital capacity (ppFVC), and forced expiratory flow at 25%–75% of FVC (ppFEF25–75).ResultsChange in ppFEV1 was the most significant parameter in characterizing response heterogeneity among the 12–18‐year‐old patients. Patients with minimal changes in ppFEV1 were further separated by change in BMI and ATB course. In the 6–12‐year‐old children both BMI and ppFEV1 evolution were the most relevant. ST change was not associated with a clinical response.ConclusionsChange in ppFEV1, BMI, and ATB course are the most relevant outcomes to discriminate clinical response profiles in children treated with lumacaftor‐ivacaftor. Prepubertal and pubertal children display different response profiles.
Pilot proteomic study of locally advanced rectal cancer before and after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy indicates high metabolic activity in non‐responders' tumor tissue
Authors: Babic Tamara , Lygirou Vasiliki , Rosic Jovana , Miladinov Marko , Rom Aleksandra Djikic , Baira Eirini , Stroggilos Rafael , Pappa Eftychia , Zoidakis Jerome , Krivokapic Zoran , Nikolic Aleksandra 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeIn the search for candidate predictive biomarkers to evaluate response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) in rectal cancer, only a few studies report proteomic profiles of tumor tissue before and after nCRT. The aim of our study was to determine differentially expressed proteins between responders and non‐responders before and after the therapy in order to identify candidate molecules for prediction and follow‐up of response to nCRT.Experimental DesignThe study has included tissue sections of rectal tumor and non‐tumor mucosa from five responders and five non‐responders taken before and after nCRT from patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Extracted proteins were analyzed by LC‐MS/MS analysis followed by a set of bioinformatics analyses.ResultProteomics analysis provided a mean of approximately 1050 protein identifications per sample. A comparison of proteomic profiles between responders and non‐responders has identified 18 differentially expressed proteins. Pathway analysis demonstrated high metabolic activity in non‐responders' tumors before nCRT, indicating the presence of intrinsic chemoradioresistance in these subjects. Two proteins associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer, ADAM10 and CAD, were identified as candidate predictive biomarkers as they were present in non‐responders only.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceShortlisted proteins from our study should be further validated as candidate biomarkers for response to routinely applied nCRT protocols.
Application of European‐specific polygenic risk scores for predicting prostate cancer risk in different ancestry populations
Authors: Ruan Xiaohao , Huang Da , Huang Jingyi , Xu Danfeng , Na Rong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPolygenic risk score (PRS) has shown promise in predicting prostate cancer (PCa) risk. However, the application of PRS in non‐European ancestry was poorly studied.MethodsWe constructed PRS using 68, 86, or 128 PCa‐associated single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified through a large‐scale Genome‐wide association study (GWAS) in the European ancestry population. A calibration approach was performed to adjust the PRS exact value for each ancestry. The study was conducted in East Asian (ChinaPCa Consortium, n = 2379), European (UK Biobank, n = 209,172), and African American (African Ancestry Prostate Cancer Consortium, n = 6016).ResultsIndividuals with the highest PRS (in >97.5th percentile) had over 2.5‐fold increased risk of PCa than those with average PRS (in 40th–60th percentile) in both European (odds ratio [OR] = 3.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.46–4.16, p < 0.001) and Chinese (OR = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.29–6.40, p = 0.010), while slightly lower in African American (OR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.22–2.58, p = 0.008). Compared with the lowest PRS (in <2.5th percentile), increased PRS was also associated with the earlier onset of PCa (All log‐rank p < 0.05). The highest PRS contributed to having about 5‐ to 12‐fold higher lifetime risk and 5–10 years earlier at disease onset than the lowest category across different ancestry populations.ConclusionWe demonstrated that European‐GWAS‐based PRS could also significantly predict PCa risk in Asian ancestry and African ancestry populations.
RNAi of Mannosidase‐Ia in the Colorado potato beetle and changes in the midgut and peritrophic membrane
Authors: Liu Dongdong , De Schutter Kristof , Far Johann , Staes An , Dewettinck Koen , Quinton Loic , Gevaert Kris , Smagghe Guy 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn addition to its role in the digestive system, the peritrophic membrane (PM) provides a physical barrier protecting the intestine from abrasion and against pathogens. Because of its sensitivity to RNA interference (RNAi), the notorious pest insect, the Colorado potato beetle (CPB, Leptinotarsa decemlineata), has become a model insect for functional studies. Previously, RNAi‐mediated silencing of Mannosidase‐Ia (ManIa), a key enzyme in the transition from high‐mannose glycan moieties to paucimannose N‐glycans, was shown to disrupt the transition from larva to pupa and the metamorphosis into adult beetles. While these effects at the organismal level were interesting in a pest control context, the effects at the organ or tissue level and also immune effects have not been investigated yet. To fill this knowledge gap, we performed an analysis of the midgut and PM in ManIa‐silenced insects.ResultsAs marked phenotype, the ManIaRNAi insects, the PM pore size was found to be decreased when compared to the control GFPRNAi insects. These smaller pores are related to the observation of thinner microvilli (Mv) on the epithelial cells of the midgut of ManIaRNAi insects. A midgut and PM proteome study and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) analysis with a selection of marker genes was performed to characterize the midgut cells and understand their response to the silencing of ManIa. In agreement with the loss of ManIa activity, an accumulation of high‐mannose N‐glycans was observed in the ManIa‐silenced insects. As a pathogen‐associated molecular pattern (PAMP), the presence of these glycan structures could trigger the activation of the immune pathways.ConclusionThe observed decrease in PM pore size could be a response to prevent potential pathogens to access the midgut epithelium. This hypothesis is supported by the strong increase in transcription levels of the anti‐fungal peptide drosomycin‐like in ManIaRNAi insects, although further research is required to elucidate this possibility. The potential immune response in the midgut and the smaller pore size in the PM shed a light on the function of the PM as a physical barrier and provide evidence for the relation between the Mv and PM. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.