bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Azospirillum baldaniorum Sp245 exploits Pseudomonas fluorescens A506 biofilm to overgrow in dual‐species macrocolonies
Authors: Díaz Pablo R. , Romero Manuel , Pagnussat Luciana , Amenta Melina , Valverde Claudio F. , Cámara Miguel , Creus Cecilia M. , Maroniche Guillermo A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBiofilms are essential for plant‐associated bacteria to colonize their host. In this work, we analysed the interaction of Azospirillum baldaniorum Sp245 and Pseudomonas fluorescens A506 in mixed macrocolony biofilms. We identified certain culture conditions where A. baldaniorum Sp245 exploits P. fluorescens A506 to boost its growth. Azospirillum growth increased proportionally to the initial number of pseudomonads building the biofilm, which in turn were negatively affected in their growth. Physical contact with P. fluorescens A506 was essential for A. baldaniorum Sp245 growth increase. Biofilm ultrastructure analysis revealed that Pseudomonas produces a thick structure that hosts Azospirillum cells in its interior. Additional experimentation demonstrated that Azospirillum growth boost is compromised when interacting with biofilm‐deficient Pseudomonas mutants, and that a low oxygen concentration strongly induce A. baldaniorum Sp245 growth, overriding Pseudomonas stimulation. In this line, we used a microaerophilia reporter strain of A. baldaniorum Sp245 to confirm that dual‐species macrocolonies contain a higher number of cells under microaerophilic conditions. Taking all the results into consideration, we propose that A. baldaniorum Sp245 can benefit from P. fluorescens A506 partnership in mixed biofilms by taking advantage of the low oxygen concentration and scaffold made up of Pseudomonas‐derived matrix, to expand its growth.
Childhood disability, social class and social mobility: A neglected relationship
Authors: Chatzitheochari Stella , Velthuis Sanne , Connelly Roxanne 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDisability theorists have long highlighted the role of institutional, social, and environmental barriers in constructing disability, emphasizing its parallels with other socially constructed axes of stratification. However, despite theoretical developments toward sociological understandings of disability, social stratification and life‐course research have largely neglected childhood disability as a social division. As a result, we still know little surrounding the socio‐economic attainment of disabled children and young people. Drawing on Next Steps data, this research note highlights stark overlooked inequalities between disabled and non‐disabled young people's activity status and social mobility in early adulthood. We specifically focus on the importance of social class for disabled young people's outcomes, emphasizing the need for intersectional analyses of disability inequalities. We also outline longitudinal survey data enhancements necessary for life‐course research on childhood disability and its intersections.
Tax policies to reduce carbon emissions
Authors: Adam Stuart , Delestre Isaac , Levell Peter , Miller Helen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCarbon taxes or similar pricing instruments could play a crucial role in helping countries decarbonise their economies. No country has a single carbon price that applies to all greenhouse gas emissions. The UK is typical in having adopted a complex patchwork of policies that raise the cost of different polluting activities to different degrees, resulting in implied carbon taxes that vary greatly across sources of emissions. We document and quantify these inconsistencies in the case of the UK, and assess the case for greater uniformity after accounting for considerations of efficiency, distribution, carbon leakage and the use of alternative policy instruments. We argue for greater rationalisation of environmental taxes in the UK and other developed economies.
Forensic anthropology casework at the Cook County Illinois Medical Examiner's Office, Chicago, IL, 2012–2022
Authors: Waxenbaum Erin B. , Grauer Anne L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractForensic anthropology has grown in recent years with increased methodological standardization, technical advancements, and increasing numbers of academic institutions offering coursework and programs at the undergraduate and graduate levels. However, few practicing forensic anthropologists publish the composition of their casework, resulting in limited understanding of the true mechanics of the field by academics and forensic professionals. This study reports on forensic anthropology casework at the Cook County Medical Examiner's Office between March 2012 and February 2022. A total of 132 cases were evaluated. Results indicate that peak months of discovery were June (n = 19) and September (n = 17), with the fewest in January (n = 5). Most discovery contexts were outdoor surface recoveries (n = 55) and were fully skeletonized (n = 47). The majority of consultation requests consisted of biological profile estimation (n = 99). An average of 77.1 days elapsed from discovery to anthropology consult, 60.3 days from consultation to anthropological analysis, and 14.1 days from analysis to report submission. Assessment of the data indicates that the impact of seasonal variation, changing Medical Examiner personnel, as well as the complexity of cases influence forensic anthropology casework in Cook County. Report and discussion of forensic anthropologists' casework strengthens our understanding of the field, allows for the formulation of best practices, and serves as data upon which decisions regarding protocol, funding, resources, and need can be based. With additional practitioners collecting and sharing their data, a clearer understanding of the scope and utility of the field will be appreciated by colleagues and the greater forensic scientific community.
Post‐progression survival after atezolizumab plus carboplatin and etoposide as first‐line chemotherapy in small cell lung cancer has a significant impact on overall survival
Authors: Masubuchi Ken , Imai Hisao , Wasamoto Satoshi , Tsuda Takeshi , Minemura Hiroyuki , Nagai Yoshiaki , Yamada Yutaka , Kishikawa Takayuki , Umeda Yukihiro , Shiono Ayako , Takechi Hiroki , Shiihara Jun , Kaira Kyoichi , Kanazawa Kenya , Taniguchi Hirokazu , Kaburagi Takayuki , Kagamu Hiroshi , Minato Koichi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of first‐line chemotherapy on overall survival (OS) may be significantly influenced by subsequent therapy for patients with extensive disease small cell lung cancer (ED‐SCLC). Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between progression‐free survival (PFS), post‐progression survival (PPS), and OS of ED‐SCLC patients treated with atezolizumab plus carboplatin and etoposide as first‐line therapy.MethodsWe analyzed the data of 57 patients with relapsed ED‐SCLC treated with atezolizumab plus carboplatin and etoposide (AteCE) as first‐line chemotherapy between August 2019 and September 2020. The respective correlations between PFS‐OS and PPS‐OS following first‐line AteCE treatment were examined at the individual patient level.ResultsSpearman's rank correlation analysis and linear regression analysis showed that PPS strongly correlated with OS (r = 0.93,p < 0.05,R2 = 0.85) and that PFS moderately correlated with OS (r = 0.55,p < 0.05,R2 = 0.28). Performance status at relapse (0–1/≥2), number of cycles of atezolizumab maintenance therapy (<3/≥3), and platinum rechallenge chemotherapy all significantly positively correlated with PPS (p < 0.05).ConclusionsUpon comparing OS‐PFS and OS‐PPS in this patient population, OS and PPS were found to have a stronger correlation. These results suggest that performance status at relapse, atezolizumab maintenance, or chemotherapy rechallenge could affect PPS.
Factors associated with onset‐age in major affective disorders
Authors: Miola Alessandro , Tondo Leonardo , Salvatore Paola , Baldessarini Ross J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundResearch findings on factors associated with onset‐age (OA) with bipolar (BD) and major depressive disorders (MDD) have been inconsistent, but often indicate greater morbidity following early OA.MethodsWe considered factors associated with OA in 1033 carefully evaluated, systematically followed mood disorder subjects with DSM‐5 BD (n = 505) or MDD (n = 528), comparing rates of descriptive and clinical characteristics following early (age <18), intermediate (18–40), or later onset (≥40 years), as well as regressing selected measures versus OA. Exposure time (years ill) was matched among these subgroups.ResultsAs hypothesized, many features were associated with early OA: familial psychiatric illness, including BD, greater maternal age, early sexual abuse, nondepressive first episodes, co‐occurring ADHD, suicide attempts and violent suicidal behavior, abuse of alcohol or drugs, smoking, and unemployment. Other features increased consistently with later OA: %‐time‐depressed (in BD and MDD, women and men), as well as depressions/year and intake ratings of depression, educational levels, co‐occurring medical disorders, rates of marriage and number of children.ConclusionsOA averaged 7.5 years earlier in BD versus MDD (30.7 vs. 38.2). Some OA‐associated measures may reflect maturation. Associations with family history and suicidal risk with earlier OA were expected; increases of time‐depressed in both BD and MDD with later OA were not. We conclude that associations of OA with later morbidity are complex and not unidirectional but may be clinically useful.
The ambrosia beetle Anisandrus maiche (Stark) is repelled by conophthorin and verbenone and attracted to ethanol in a dose‐dependent manner
Authors: Tobin Kelsey N. , Ginzel Matthew D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Anisandrus maiche (Stark) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is a non‐native ambrosia beetle recently detected in northwestern Indiana. There is a critical need for advanced methods to detect and manage this potentially destructive beetle. Identifying semiochemicals that function as attractants or repellents can inform management practices to protect high‐value plantings of hardwood trees.
We evaluated the extent to which (S)‐(−)‐verbenone, (E)‐(±)‐conophthorin and ethanol influence trap capture of A. maiche using two trap types and heights. We also investigated the effect of ethanol release rate on trap capture.
Traps baited with ethanol alone captured the most beetles, while traps baited with (S)‐(−)‐verbenone or (E)‐(±)‐conophthorin alone captured few A. maiche, and each compound decreased capture when paired with ethanol lures.
There was no difference in mean capture of A. maiche between trap types across treatments, and the height of ethanol‐baited traps did not influence the capture rate suggesting this species is widely distributed throughout the canopy.
Our results suggest that (S)‐(−)‐verbenone and (E)‐(±)‐conophthorin are effective repellents for A. maiche and a release rate of at least 3 g/day of ethanol enhances trap to capture.
Politicians’ Private Sector Jobs and Parliamentary Behavior
Authors: Weschle Simon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAbout 80% of democracies allow legislators to be employed in the private sector while they hold office. However, we know little about the consequences of this practice. In this article, I use newly assembled panel data of all members of the United Kingdom House of Commons and a difference‐in‐differences design to investigate how legislators change their parliamentary behavior when they have outside earnings. When holding a private sector job, members of the governing Conservative Party, who earn the vast majority of outside income, change whether and how they vote on the floor of parliament as well as increase the number of written parliamentary questions they ask by 60%. For the latter, I demonstrate a targeted pattern suggesting that the increase relates to their employment. The article thus shows that one of the most common, and yet least studied, forms of money in politics affects politicians’ parliamentary behavior.
What is the benefit of membership in farm producer organizations? The case of coffee producers in Peru
Authors: Grashuis Jasper , Skevas Theodoros 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEmpirical evidence of the benefit of farm producer organizations (FPOs) in the developing world is mounting. There is, however, no work in South America on the relationship between FPO membership and farm‐level performance. We address the gap by estimating the treatment effect of FPO membership with respect to three outcomes: quantity produced, quantity sold, and price received. The empirical application focuses on the Peruvian coffee sector, where FPOs may have played an important role during the recent price crisis. A sample of approximately 9,000 survey responses from Peruvian coffee producers during the 2015–19 period is used in the analysis. Results show a positive treatment effect of FPO membership on all three farm‐level outcomes. Compared to non‐FPO members, FPO members produced 120–295 kg/ha more, sold 118–296 kg/ha more, and received 0.42–1.53 PEN/kg more. We also find evidence of heterogeneity in the estimated effect of FPO membership across time, farm size, and membership probability. The findings yield novel implications in terms of policy support for FPOs.
Exploring the attractiveness of social enterprises to job seekers: The role of perceived value fit and prestige
Authors: Crucke Saskia , Bockaert Hanne 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExisting research indicates that job seekers are attracted to organizations demonstrating social responsibility. This seems especially true for commercial enterprises that engage in socially responsible practices, but is challenged in the case of social enterprises. While commercial enterprises stay focused on their primary aim of generating financial revenues when engaging in social responsibility, social enterprises’ social responsibility is primary and at the core of their business. However, the attractiveness of social enterprises on the job market has not been the focus of extant research. This study aims to enrich the academic literature by exploring the attractiveness of social enterprises to job seekers. When studying job seekers’ intentions to pursue a job with a social enterprise, we also examine some of the underlying mechanisms that affect individuals’ attraction process to social enterprises. We perform an experimental design study involving 349 Belgian students about to graduate. The results reveal that participants’ intentions to pursue a job with a social enterprise are significantly lower in comparison to their job pursuit intentions with commercial enterprises. Furthermore, factors relating to personal values, like perceptions of value fit and individuals’ prosocial values, play a significant role in the attractiveness of social enterprises.
Impact of COVID‐19 on the endoscopy department since the early phase of the pandemic in 2020: A questionnaire study among patients with canceled examinations at a single Japanese institution
Authors: Saito Hiroaki , Igarashi Kimihiro , Murakami Fumiya , Tanaka Ippei , Nawata Yoshitaka , Tanaka Yukari , Okuzono Toru , Tsubokura Masaharu , Hirasawa Dai , Nakahori Masato , Matsuda Tomoki 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionIn early 2020, the Japanese government declared a nationwide state of emergency for the COVID‐19 pandemic. We investigated the impact of the emergency declaration on endoscopy adherence and conducted a follow‐up study of patients with canceled examinations at a tertiary endoscopy facility in Japan in 2020.MethodsWe compared the number of endoscopies performed, and cancelations at the endoscopy unit between 2019 and 2020 and used the Bayesian structural time series (BSTS) model to estimate the decrease in the number of endoscopies in 2020. We administered a questionnaire to those who had not undergone a scheduled endoscopy.ResultsOf 14 146 and 13 338 scheduled examinations, 1233 (8.7%) and 1403 (10.5%) were canceled in 2019 and 2020, respectively. During both years, age < 50 years, age > 80 years, upper endoscopy, and experience of endoscopy in the past 5 years were significantly associated with cancelations. In 2020, cancelations in the 14th–26th week of the year, including the period of state of emergency, increased significantly, and more women canceled. Of the 409 questionnaire‐respondents, 174 (42.5%) indicated that COVID‐19 had influenced their cancelation, and 315 (77.0%) had not undergone similar endoscopic examinations since then. The BSTS model predicted a decrease of 957 (95% CI −1213 to −708, P = .003) examinations.ConclusionIn 2020, despite low numbers of COVID‐19 cases in the study site, the number of endoscopies decreased, and cancelation increased. Further research is needed on the future impact of a decrease in the number of endoscopies during a COVID‐19 pandemic.
The Impact of Mandatory Deleveraging on Corporate Tax Avoidance: Evidence from a Quasi‐experiment in China
Authors: Xu Zihui , Chen Zifan , Deng Lixing , Yu Yan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCompanies can use both debt and non‐debt tax shields to accomplish tax avoidance. Using a quasi‐experiment in China in which the government implemented deleveraging regulations in selected industries in 2015, this study provides novel evidence of the effect of mandatory deleveraging on corporate tax avoidance. The results show that implementing mandatory deleveraging leads to an increase in the degree of corporate tax avoidance. Mechanism analyses indicate that mandatory deleveraging curbs a company's inclination to take advantage of the tax benefits of debt, but increases its tendency of using non‐debt tax shields, suggesting that companies will use non‐debt tax shields as a substitute for debt tax shields. Supplementary analyses show that the effect of mandatory deleveraging is more pronounced for companies with more debt, higher financing constraints and weaker tax enforcement, as well as for companies that are state owned.
Maxillary sinus floor augmentation comparing removing versus retaining antral pseudocyst: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Fu Mengdie , Jiang Zhiwei , Ren Lingfei , He Jin , Zhu Danji , Yang Guoli 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo retrospectively compare multilevel volumetric changes in both hard and soft tissues between antral pseudocyst (AP) removal and retainment before maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA) and immediate implant placement.Material and methodsTwenty‐six patients with 38 implants placed from 2016 to 2021 were included and divided according to a cohort design as follows: 13 removing the cyst (RC group) and 13 “leaving alone” the cyst (LC group). 3D radiographic parameters (primary outcome), 2D parameters and clinical records (secondary outcome) involving both hard and soft tissues were evaluated for four periods (T1: immediate postoperative, T2: 6‐month, T3: 12‐month, and T4: 2‐ to 5‐ year follow‐up). Possible confounding factors, including sinus anatomical features and implant distribution, were also analyzed to eliminate their disturbance.ResultsThe 3D volumetric change rate of bone grafts in the RC group (−9.32% ± 10.01%) from T2 to T3 was significantly lower than that in the LC group (−19.8% ± 10.59%) (p < .05). The change rate of apical bone height (ABH), endo‐sinus bone gain (ESBG) and other 2D parameters were not significantly different between the two groups. 5.3% implants in RC group and 9.1% implants in LC group failed during follow‐ups. 0% postoperative complications were observed in RC group. The Schneiderian membrane of RC group was significantly thinner than that of LC group at two measuring points in sinus.ConclusionThe present study demonstrated that compared to AP retainment, AP removal before MSFA and immediate implant placement can obtain higher bone graft volumetric stability and favorable prognosis.
Diagnostic accuracy and adequacy of peripheral pulmonary nodules samples obtained by transthoracic needle aspiration
Authors: Lovrenski Aleksandra , Gardic Nikola , Tegeltija Dragana , Miljkovic Dejan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the adequacy of samples and accuracy of transthoracic needle aspiration (TTNA) in patients with peripheral pulmonary nodule (PPN) diagnosis.MethodsThis retrospective study included 248 patients who underwent TTNA of PPN and subsequent diagnostic and therapeutic surgical procedures during a 5‐year period at the Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina. The following were analysed: adequacy of cytological samples for diagnosis and molecular testing, tumour localisation and dimensions, and cytological and histopathological characteristics.ResultsThe adequacy of the cytological samples was 93.15%. The proportion of adequate–diagnostic samples was higher in patients in whom the largest diameter of the lesion was >4 cm, and this difference showed statistical significance. Tumour localisation was not statistically significant for the adequacy of samples for cytological analysis. Cytological samples of lung adenocarcinoma had high projected adequacy for EGFR analyses of 91.55%, not dependent on the size and location of the lesion. The most commonly diagnosed lung tumour was adenocarcinoma (45.51%). Patients with a cytological diagnosis of non‐small cell carcinoma not otherwise specified, after histopathological analyses, had adenocarcinoma in most cases (53.85%). The overall accuracy of TTNA in the diagnosis of PPN was 71%. The method's accuracy was 75.24% for malignant tumours, while it was 28.57% for benign tumours. The accuracy of cytological analysis for the histological type of tumour was 84.18%.ConclusionTransthoracic needle aspiration with cytological analysis is an effective and highly sensitive method in determining the aetiology of PPN.
Encouraging pointing with the right hand, but not the left hand, gives right‐handed 3‐year‐olds a linguistic advantage
Authors: Mumford Katherine H. , Aussems Suzanne , Kita Sotaro 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPrevious research has shown a strong positive association between right‐handed gesturing and vocabulary development. However, the causal nature of this relationship remains unclear. In the current study, we tested whether gesturing with the right hand enhances linguistic processing in the left hemisphere, which is contralateral to the right hand. We manipulated the gesture hand children used in pointing tasks to test whether it would affect their performance. In either a linguistic task (verb learning) or a non‐linguistic control task (memory), 131 typically developing right‐handed 3‐year‐olds were encouraged to use either their right hand or left hand to respond. While encouraging children to use a specific hand to indicate their responses had no effect on memory performance, encouraging children to use the right hand to respond, compared to the left hand, significantly improved their verb learning performance. This study is the first to show that manipulating the hand with which children are encouraged to gesture gives them a linguistic advantage. Language lateralization in healthy right‐handed children typically involves a dominant left hemisphere. Producing right‐handed gestures may therefore lead to increased activation in the left hemisphere which may, in turn, facilitate forming and accessing lexical representations. It is important to note that this study manipulated gesture handedness among right‐handers and does therefore not support the practice of encouraging children to become right‐handed in manual activities.Research Highlights
Right‐handed 3‐year‐olds were instructed to point to indicate their answers exclusively with their right or left hand in either a memory or verb learning task.
Right‐handed pointing was associated with improved verb generalization performance, but not improved memory performance.
Thus, gesturing with the right hand, compared to the left hand, gives right‐handed 3‐year‐olds an advantage in a linguistic but not a non‐linguistic task.
Right‐handed pointing might lead to increased activation in the left hemisphere and facilitate forming and accessing lexical representations.