bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A data‐informed approach using individualised dispensing patterns to estimate medicine exposure periods and dose from pharmaceutical claims data
Authors: Bharat Chrianna , Degenhardt Louisa , Pearson Sallie‐Anne , Buizen Luke , Wilson Andrew , Dobbins Timothy , Gisev Natasa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPharmaceutical claims data are often used as the primary information source to define medicine exposure periods in pharmacoepidemiological studies. However, often critical information on directions for use and the intended duration of medicine supply are not available. In the absence of this information, alternative approaches are needed to support the assignment of exposure periods. This study summarises the key methods commonly used to estimate medicine exposure periods and dose from pharmaceutical claims data; and describes a method using individualised dispensing patterns to define time‐dependent estimates of medicine exposure and dose. This method extends on important features of existing methods and also accounts for recent changes in an individual's medicine use. Specifically, this method constructs medicine exposure periods and estimates the dose used by considering characteristics from an individual's prior dispensings, accounting for the time between prior dispensings and the amount supplied at prior dispensings. Guidance on the practical applications of this method is also provided. Although developed primarily for application to databases, which do not contain duration of supply or dose information, use of this method may also facilitate investigations when such information is available and there is a need to consider individualised and/or changing dosing regimens. By shifting the reliance on prescribed duration and dose to determine exposure and dose estimates, individualised dispensing information is used to estimate patterns of exposure and dose for an individual. Reflecting real‐world individualised use of medicines with complex and variable dosing regimens, this method offers a pragmatic approach that can be applied to all medicine classes.
Design of moxifloxacin encapsulated network hydrogel wound dressings: Evaluation of polymer‐drug, polymer‐blood, and polymer‐bio membrane interactions
Authors: Singh Baljit , Sharma Vikrant , Ram Kaka 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIt is an exploration of the inherent wound‐healing tendency of Azadirachta indica gum (AIG) or neem gum polysaccharides to develop the hydrogel wound dressings with enhanced potential during wound management. Herein this research work, antibiotic moxifloxacin encapsulated AIG network copolymeric hydrogels were developed by functionalizing with carbapol and poly(acrylamide) [poly(AAm)] for better wound healing. The polymer‐drug, polymer‐blood, and polymer‐bio membrane interactions were evaluated in biomedical properties. The copolymeric network structure was confirmed by scanning electron micrographs (SEMs), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and 13C solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The results confirmed sustained release of the moxifloxacin with diffusion by non‐Fickian process and Korsmeyer–Peppas kinetic model in the phosphate buffer saline (PBS). These interactions inferred the blood‐compatible (hemolytic index 3.41 ± 0.70%) and mucoadhesive nature (polymer‐biomembrane detachment force 0.09 ± 0.01 mN) of hydrogel dressing. The per gram of hydrogel dressings absorbed 10.22 ± 0.23 g of simulated wound fluid which is very useful to maintain moist wound environment for better wound healing. All these interactions and properties indicated the suitability of the hydrogel material for wound dressing applications for better wound care.
Lung involvement in children with COVID‐19 multisystem inflammatory syndrome
Authors: Ghezzi Michele , Longoni Emma , Munari Alice , Raso Irene , Biganzoli Giacomo , Zuccotti Gianvincenzo , D'Auria Enza 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSince the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C) has been reported in increasing numbers, mostly focusing on cardiac dysfunction. Very few studies have evaluated lung involvement in terms of imaging findings, while data regarding pulmonary function in children with MIS‐C are not available. The purpose of our study was to evaluate lung involvement in MIS‐C by imaging and lung function by structured light plethysmography (SLP) at hospital admission and 6 months afterwards. Spirometry is the gold standard technique to evaluate lung function in children. However, SLP has the advantage of not requiring contact with the patient, offering an effective solution for the evaluation of lung function during the pandemic. To our knowledge this is the first study that aims to investigate pulmonary function by SLP in children with MIS‐C.
London's deportation apparatus: The ‘administrative removal’ of rough sleeping European Union citizens, 2010–17
Authors: Radziwinowiczówna Agnieszka , Morgan Benjamin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBrexit brought an end to the free‐movement rights of EU citizens in the United Kingdom, but the rights of the poorest Europeans were being actively curtailed even before that. From 2010, street homeless EU citizens were deported through a series of pilot schemes operating in London. In 2016, their ‘administrative removal’ was instituted as national policy. Using process‐tracing methodology, we have analysed publicly available documents and others obtained through Freedom of Information requests to assemble an account of how and why a range of ‘stakeholders’ worked together to deport rough‐sleeping EU citizens. Our paper addresses two research questions: (i) what actors contributed to these deportations and (ii) through the use of which analytic framework(s) can we begin to understand the deportation of street homeless foreigners? As we find, London's deportation apparatus involved national and local‐level state actors, homelessness NGOs and local businesses. The deportation of rough‐sleeping EU citizens was a racist biopolitical practice that reflected a concern for ‘hygiene’ at local and national scales, as well as the prevention of ‘harm’ to individual and social bodies.
A greedy chip‐firing game
Authors: Li Rupert , Propp James 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe introduce a deterministic analogue of Markov chains that we call the hunger game. Like rotor‐routing, the hunger game deterministically mimics the behavior of both recurrent Markov chains and absorbing Markov chains. In the case of recurrent Markov chains with finitely many states, hunger game simulation concentrates around the stationary distribution with discrepancy falling off like , where is the number of simulation steps; in the case of absorbing Markov chains with finitely many states, hunger game simulation also exhibits concentration for hitting measures and expected hitting times with discrepancy falling off like rather than . When transition probabilities in a finite Markov chain are rational, the game is eventually periodic; the period seems to be the same for all initial configurations and the basin of attraction appears to tile the configuration space (the set of hunger vectors) by translation, but we have not proved this.
Translating the 2030 Agenda into reality through stakeholder engagement
Authors: García‐Sánchez Isabel‐María , Amor‐Esteban Víctor , Aibar‐Guzmán Cristina , Aibar‐Guzmán Beatriz 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper analyses the current state and the dynamic evolution of corporate transparency practices in relation to the 2030 Agenda in the context of stakeholder engagement. Considering six key stakeholder groups and 53 information items related to business actions aligned with the 2030 Agenda, data from 5908 companies worldwide corresponding to the period 2015–2019 are analysed by using X‐STATIS to identify which stakeholder groups have a meaningful role in fostering business contribution to the 2030 Agenda. The results show a low level of corporate transparency in relation to business contribution to the 2030 Agenda. Companies are mainly focused on transparency practices aimed at investors and shareholders. Conversely, customers and the environment are the less considered stakeholder groups. European countries are the leaders in this regard, whereas countries such as the United Arab Emirates and Qatar present the worst records in corporate transparency regarding the 2030 Agenda. The findings have a practical value by providing a picture of how companies use Sustainable Development Goal reporting to optimise relationships with key stakeholders.
Information and communication technologies role in alleviating poverty in Sub‐Saharan Africa: Impacts and transmission channels
Authors: Awad Atif 
Published: November 2022

AbstractResearch has continued to indicate that the proliferation of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has the potential to alleviate poverty in developing countries. While theoretically, there are several mechanisms through which ICT may reduce poverty, they have not been empirically tested sufficiently. The present study aimed to recognize the mechanisms through which ICT may reduce poverty for a sample of 37 economies in the Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) region during the period 2003–2019. Altering the income distribution, improving the ecological system, increasing the employment rate, increasing per capita income, and improving institutional quality were the assumed mechanisms through which ICT may reduce poverty. The results of the two‐step system GMM technique showed that while an increase in the per capita income and employment rate contributed positively to poverty reduction, improvement in the environmental quality increased the poverty rate. The causal mediation analysis findings showed that ICT strengthened the negative impact of worsening the quality of the environment on poverty. However, the strengthened positive impact of ICT on poverty through employment and per capita income was greater than the negative influence through the environmental mechanism. Thus, all national strategies or initiatives aimed at reducing poverty in SSA must incorporate pro‐poor ICT policies.
Defect Engineering Modulated Iron Single Atoms with Assist of Layered Clay for Enhanced Advanced Oxidation Processes
Authors: Zhang Xiangwei , Li Chunquan , Wang Xinlin , Yang Shanshan , Tan Ye , Yuan Fang , Zheng Shuilin , Dionysiou Dionysios D. , Sun Zhiming 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts (SACs) feature maximum atomic utilization efficiency; however, the loading amount, dispersibility, synthesis cost, and regulation of the electronic structure are factors that need to be considered in water treatment. In this study, kaolinite, a natural layered clay mineral, is applied as the support for g‐C3N4 and single Fe atoms (FeSA‐NGK). The FeSA‐NGK composite exhibits an impressive degradation performance toward the target pollutant (>98% degradation rate in 10 min), and catalytic stability across consecutive runs (90% reactivity maintained after three runs in a fluidized‐bed catalytic unit) under peroxymonosulfate (PMS)/visible light (Vis) synergetic system. The introduction of kaolinite promotes the loading amount of single Fe atoms (2.57 wt.%), which is a 14.2% increase compared to using a bare catalyst without kaolinite, and improved the concentration of N vacancies, thereby optimizing the regulation of the electronic structure of the single Fe atoms. It is discovered that the single Fe atoms successfully occupied five coordinated N atoms and combined with a neighboring N vacancy. Consequently, this regulated the local electronic structure of single Fe atoms, which drives the electrons of N atoms to accumulate on the Fe centers. This study opens an avenue for the design of clay‐based SACs for water purification.
Targeted Suppression of Peptide Degradation in Ag‐Based Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectra by Depletion of Hot Carriers
Authors: Yao Xiaobin , Höppener Christiane , Schneidewind Henrik , Hoeppener Stephanie , Tang Zian , Buchholz Axel , König Annika , Mogavero Selene , Diegel Marco , Dellith Jan , Turchanin Andrey , Plass Winfried , Hube Bernhard , Deckert Volker 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSample degradation, in particular of biomolecules, frequently occurs in surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) utilizing supported silver SERS substrates. Currently, thermal and/or photocatalytic effects are considered to cause sample degradation. This paper establishes the efficient inhibition of sample degradation using iodide which is demonstrated by a systematic SERS study of a small peptide in aqueous solution. Remarkably, a distinct charge separation‐induced surface potential difference is observed for SERS substrates under laser irradiation using Kelvin probe force microscopy. This directly unveils the photocatalytic effect of Ag‐SERS substrates. Based on the presented results, it is proposed that plasmonic photocatalysis dominates sample degradation in SERS experiments and the suppression of typical SERS sample degradation by iodide is discussed by means of the energy levels of the substrate under mild irradiation conditions. This approach paves the way toward more reliable and reproducible SERS studies of biomolecules under physiological conditions.
Large‐Area Periodic Arrays of Atomically Flat Single‐Crystal Gold Nanotriangles Formed Directly on Substrate Surfaces
Authors: Neal Robert D. , Lawson Zachary R. , Tuff Walker J. , Xu Kaikui , Kumar Vishal , Korsa Matiyas T. , Zhukovskyi Maksym , Rosenberger Matthew R. , Adam Jost , Hachtel Jordan A. , Camden Jon P. , Hughes Robert A. , Neretina Svetlana 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe advancement of nanoenabled wafer‐based devices requires the establishment of core competencies related to the deterministic positioning of nanometric building blocks over large areas. Within this realm, plasmonic single‐crystal gold nanotriangles represent one of the most attractive nanoscale components but where the formation of addressable arrays at scale has heretofore proven impracticable. Herein, a benchtop process is presented for the formation of large‐area periodic arrays of gold nanotriangles. The devised growth pathway sees the formation of an array of defect‐laden seeds using lithographic and vapor‐phase assembly processes followed by their placement in a growth solution promoting planar growth and threefold symmetric side‐faceting. The nanotriangles formed in this high‐yield synthesis distinguish themselves in that they are epitaxially aligned with the underlying substrate, grown to thicknesses that are not readily obtainable in colloidal syntheses, and present atomically flat pristine surfaces exhibiting gold atoms with a close‐packed structure. As such, they express crisp and unambiguous plasmonic modes and form photoactive surfaces with highly tunable and readily modeled plasmon resonances. The devised methods, hence, advance the integration of single‐crystal gold nanotriangles into device platforms and provide an overall fabrication strategy that is adaptable to other nanomaterials.
High Pseudocapacitance‐Driven CoC2O4 Electrodes Exhibiting Superior Electrochemical Kinetics and Reversible Capacities for Lithium‐Ion and Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zhou Zhiming , Lin Peirong , Zhao Shiqiang , Jin Huile , Qian Yudan , Chen Xi,an , Tang Xinyue , Zhang Qingcheng , Guo Daying , Wang Shun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this study, cuboid‐like anhydrous CoC2O4 particles (CoC2O4‐HK) are synthesized through a potassium citrate‐assisted hydrothermal method, which possess well‐crystallized structure for fast Li+ transportation and efficient Li+ intercalation pseudocapacitive behaviors. When being used in lithium‐ion batteries, the as‐prepared CoC2O4‐HK delivers a high reversible capacity (≈1360 mAh g‐1 at 0.1 A g‐1), good rate capability (≈650 mAh g‐1 at 5 A g‐1) and outstanding cycling stability (835 mAh g‐1 after 1000 cycles at 1 A g‐1). Characterizations illustrate that the Li+‐intercalation pseudocapacitance dominates the charge storage of CoC2O4‐HK electrode, together with the reversible reaction of CoC2O4+2Li++2e−→Co+Li2C2O4 on discharging and charging. In addition, CoC2O4‐HK particles are also used together with carbon–sulfur composite materials as the electrocatalysts for lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery, which displays a gratifying sulfur electrochemistry with a high reversibility of 1021.5 mAh g−1 at 2 C and a low decay rate of 0.079% per cycle after 500 cycles. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that CoC2O4/C can regulate the adsorption‐activation of reaction intermediates and therefore boost the catalytic conversion of polysulfides. Therefore, this work presents a new prospect of applying CoC2O4 as the high‐performance electrode materials for rechargeable Li‐ion and Li–S batteries.
Synthesis Strategies and Applications for Pitch‐Based Anode: From Industrial By‐Products to Power Sources
Authors: Li Cen , Yan Lunjing , Wang Meijun , Kong Jiao , Bao Weiren , Chang Liping 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIt is significant for saving energy to manufacture superb‐property batteries. Carbon is one of the most competitive anode materials in batteries, but it is hard for commercial graphite anodes to meet the increasingly higher energy‐storage requirements. Moreover, the price of other better‐performing carbon materials (such as graphene) is much higher than graphite, which is not conducive to massive production. Pitch, the cheap by‐product in the petroleum and coal industries, has high carbon content and yield, making it possible for commercialization. Developing pitch‐based anodes can not only lower raw material costs but also realize the pitch′s high value‐added utilization. We comprehensively reviewed the latest synthesis strategies of pitch‐derived materials and then introduced their application and research progress in lithium, sodium, and potassium ion batteries (LIBs, SIBs, and PIBs). Finally, we summarize and suggest the pitch′s development trend for anodes and in other fields.
Exploring Nucleobase Modifications in Oligonucleotide Analogues for Use as Environmentally Responsive Fluorophores and Beyond
Authors: Chowdhury Mria , Hudson Robert H. E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOver the past two decades, it has become abundantly clear that nucleic acid biochemistry, especially with respect to RNA, is more convoluted and complex than previously appreciated. Indeed, the application and exploitation of nucleic acids beyond their predestined role as the medium for storage and transmission of genetic information to the treatment and study of diseases has been achieved. In other areas of endeavor, utilization of nucleic acids as a probe molecule requires that they possess a reporter group. The reporter group of choice is often a luminophore because fluorescence spectroscopy has emerged as an indispensable tool to probe the structural and functional properties of modified nucleic acids. The scope of this review spans research done in the Hudson lab at The University of Western Ontario and is focused on modified pyrimidine nucleobases and their applications as environmentally sensitive fluorophores, base discriminating fluorophores, and in service of antisense applications as well as tantalizing new results as G‐quadruplex destabilizing agents. While this review is a focused personal account, particularly influential work of colleagues in the chemistry community will be highlighted. The intention is not to make a comprehensive review, citations to the existing excellent reviews are given, any omission of the wonderful and impactful work being done by others globally is not intentional. Thus, this review will briefly introduce the context of our work, summarize what has been accomplished and finish with the prospects of future developments.
Exploring Molecular Complexity by N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Organocatalysis: New Activation and Reaction Diversity
Authors: Liu Yonggui , Wang Yanyan , Wu Xingxing , Chi Yonggui Robin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe development of catalytic synthetic approaches towards molecular complexity from simple materials continues to be an ultimate goal in synthetic chemistry. Over the past decades, N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organocatalysis has been extensively investigated to provide opportunities for a vast number of novel chemical transformations. Various activation modes and reactive intermediates enabled by NHC small‐molecule catalysts, such as Breslow intermediates, (homo)enolates, acyl azoliums and their derived unsaturated azoliums exhibit great potential in the construction of complicated skeletons. This personal account will summarize our group's recent work in the exploration of new activation modes of NHC catalysis towards molecular complexity with a focus on the development and applications of NHC to achieve diversity and enantioselectivity in the preparation of functional molecules.
Molecular and biochemical investigation of the protective effects of rutin against liver and kidney toxicity caused by malathion administration in a rat model
Authors: Gur Cihan , Kandemir Fatih Mehmet 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWidely used malathion (MLT) causes environmental pollution, leading to toxicity in many living things, including humans. Rutin (RUT) is a flavonoid with various biological properties. In the present study, the protective effects of rutin against liver and kidney toxicity caused by malathion were investigated. In the study, MLT (100 mg/kg) and RUT (50 or 100 mg/kg) were administered to rats alone or in combination for 28 days. Then, oxidative stress, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), apoptosis, and autophagy markers in liver and kidney tissues were analyzed by biochemical and molecular methods. The results showed that MLT caused oxidative stress in both tissues, while RUT showed antioxidant properties and protected these tissues from oxidative damage. Moreover, MLT upregulated the expressions of ATF‐6, PERK, IRE1, GRP78, and CHOP, leading to ERS. However, RUT alleviated ER stress and suppressed these markers. The study also found that MLT increased inflammatory, apoptotic, and autophagic markers. All these factors affected liver and kidney functions and caused an increase in plasma ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine levels. On the other hand, it has been observed that RUT may protect liver and kidney tissues from the destructive effect of MLT by showing anti‐inflammatory, anti‐apoptotic, and anti‐autophagic properties. Thus, it was determined that ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine levels decreased after RUT treatment. As a result, it was observed that MLT had a toxic effect on the liver and kidney tissues of rats, and it was determined that this toxicity could be alleviated by RUT treatment.
Scattering of SH wave by a crack in a functionally graded one dimensional hexagonal piezoelectric quasicrystals
Authors: Yang Juan , Wang Xu , Ding Sheng‐Hu , Li Xing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the dynamic interaction between SH wave and a crack in functionally graded one‐dimensional hexagonal piezoelectric quasicrystals (PQCs) is studied by using integral transform technique. To make the analysis executable, the material properties are assumed to vary partially in the direction perpendicular to the crack face following an exponential function. The problem was transformed through Fourier transform into three pairs of dual integral equations, which are solved numerically by the Copson method. The explicit expressions of phonon field, phason field and electric field on crack surface are determined. The dynamic field intensity factors of crack tip are given and some special cases are discussed. Numerical examples are then conducted to reveal the influences of amplitude, incident angle and wave number of SH wave and crack length, gradient parameter on the normalized dynamic stress intensity factors (DSIFs). The results of this paper lay a theoretical foundation for the design and nondestructive testing of QCs structures.