bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of structural and optical properties of transparent sodium zinc phosphate glass–ceramics nano composite
Authors: Farag M. A. , Ibrahim A. , Hassaan M. Y. , Ramadan R. M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTransparent sodium phosphate glass–ceramics system according to the composition (55-x) P2O5.(30 + x)ZnO.15Na2O where x = 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 was prepared with the melt quenching technique. Different techniques such as XRD and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to investigate the structure of the studied glass samples and glass–ceramics nano composite. XRD revealed the formation of crystalline phase. The crystalline phase of Na2Zn (P2O7) and Na2ZnP2O7.Zn2P2O7 has been detected which varies according to the ZnO concentration. The density increased whereas molar volume decreased as ZnO content was increased. Optical band gap values, direct and indirect, decreased with increasing ZnO content revealing that bridging oxygen linkage Zn–O-P present in the glass network. The band gaps were found to be ranging between 3.42 and 3.13 eV for indirect transition and ranging between 4.34 and 4.20 eV for direct transitions. It was concluded that the samples have a strong tendency to be crystallized with increasing ZnO content in the sample. This crystallization behavior with increasing the ZnO content affected the structure and optical properties of the prepared samples. In this work, a low cost, wide band gap transparent ceramic with wide range of transparency was prepared and investigated. Such glass–ceramic system is suitable for doping with rare-earth element and/or transition metals for laser and optical devices.
HMB – „heavy menstrual bleeding“
Authors: Theis Susanne , Stute Petra 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungAbnorme uterine Blutungen treten in der reproduktiven Phase einer Frau häufig auf. Tritt vom Volumen her eine besonders starke Blutung auf, wird diese als „heavy menstrual bleeding“ bezeichnet. Wichtig ist eine Unterscheidung zwischen akuter und chronischer abnormer uteriner Blutung, um die weiteren diagnostischen und therapeutischen Schritte entsprechend einleiten zu können. Akute Blutungen mit hämodynamischer Instabilität erfordern ein notfallmäßiges Handeln und werden meist operativ behandelt. Hämodynamisch stabile akute Blutungen sowie chronische Blutungen werden bevorzugt medikamentös behandelt.
Wearable gait analysis systems: ready to be used by medical practitioners in geriatric wards?
Authors: Ollenschläger Malte , Kluge Felix , Müller-Schulz Matthias , Püllen Rupert , Möller Claudia , Klucken Jochen , Eskofier Bjoern M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
We assess feasibility of wearable gait analysis in geriatric wards by testing the effectiveness and acceptance of the system.

Methods
Gait parameters of 83 patients (83.34 ± 5.88 years, 58/25 female/male) were recorded at admission and/or discharge to/from two geriatric inpatient wards. Gait parameters were tested for statistically significant differences between admission and discharge. Walking distance measured by a wearable gait analysis system was correlated with distance assessed by physiotherapists. Examiners rated usability using the system usability scale. Patients reported acceptability on a five-point Likert-scale.

Results
The total distance measures highly correlate (r = 0.89). System Usability Scale is above the median threshold of 68, indicating good usability. Majority of patients does not have objections regarding the use of the system. Among other gait parameters, mean heel strike angle changes significantly between admission and discharge.

Conclusion
Wearable gait analysis system is objectively and subjectively usable in a clinical setting and accepted by patients. It offers a reasonably valid assessment of gait parameters and is a feasible way for instrumented gait analysis.
Semi-automated approach for generation of biological networks on drug-induced cholestasis, steatosis, hepatitis, and cirrhosis
Authors: Shin Hyun Kil , Florean Oana , Hardy Barry , Doktorova Tatyana , Kang Myung-Gyun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDrug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the leading reasons for discontinuation of a new drug development project. Diverse machine learning or deep learning models have been developed to predict DILI. However, these models have not provided an adequate understanding of the mechanisms leading to DILI. The development of safer drugs requires novel computational approaches that enable the prompt understanding of the mechanism of DILI. In this study, the mechanisms leading to the development of cholestasis, steatosis, hepatitis, and cirrhosis were explored using a semi-automated approach for data gathering and associations. Diverse data from ToxCast, Comparative Toxicogenomic Database (CTD), Reactome, and Open TG-GATEs on reference molecules leading to the development of the respective diseases were extracted. The data were used to create biological networks of the four diseases. As expected, the four networks had several common pathways, and a joint DILI network was assembled. Such biological networks could be used in drug discovery to identify possible molecules of concern as they provide a better understanding of the disease-specific key events. The events can be target-tested to provide indications for potential DILI effects.
Impact of an automated Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy program on suicide thinking and risk among United States rural adults
Authors: Schure Mark B. , McCrory Bernadette , Greist John , Striegel Weissman Ruth 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based psychotherapy for mental disorders, including depression. Internet-based CBT (iCBT) programs increasingly are showing similar impact to clinician-delivered CBT. We assessed the impact of Thrive, a fully-automated iCBT depression treatment program on suicidal thinking. Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention (INT) group (n = 218) or a waitlist control group (WLC, n = 230). Intent-to-treat analyses tested for group differences at 8-weeks in suicidal thinking (CHRT-SR3 subscale, primary outcome), and secondary outcomes including depression symptoms (PHQ-9), anxiety symptoms (GADS-7), work and social adjustment (WSAS), and resilience (CD-RISC-10). Using self-reports, participants were evaluated at baseline, 4 and 8 weeks for each outcome. Thrive program adherence (n = 218) was assessed by number of lessons completed. Although not statistically significant, the INT group was 38.7% less likely than the control group to present with suicidal thinking at 8 weeks (odds ratio 0.61, p = 0.10). Comparison of 8-week depression symptom slopes showed statistically significant effects favoring the INT group (WLC = − 3.04 vs Thrive = − 4.32, p = 0.007) (d = 0.08); no other significant group differences were observed. Lessons completed were significantly related to lower PHQ-9 (p = 0.026) and GAD-7 scores (p < 0.01). Study results are consistent with a previous study showing nonsignificant effect of an automated iCBT program for reducing suicidal thinking, but a significant positive impact on depression symptoms among rural US adults. Future studies should test whether strategies for boosting lesson completion are successful in enhancing the efficacy of Thrive to reduce suicide risk.Trial Registration: National Institutes of Health Trial ID: NCT03595254.
Multiple unmanned aerial systems collision impacts on wing leading edge
Authors: de Wit A.J. , van den Brink W.M. , Moghadasi M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUnmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) are increasingly starting to dominate the lower airspace. This increases the chance that a UAS will hit the means of transport of people e.g. aircraft, helicopters. For air traffic, the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) are in the process of determining the threat of a UAS impact on aircraft. This will result in new rules that may impose new, or additional, requirements on the ‘wetted zones’ of aircraft and the like. Current research suggests that aircraft wetted-areas (e.g. wing leading edge) that are certified for so called ‘bird-impact’ may not sustain a ‘UAS-impact’, such an UAS-impact may even damage the primary load carrying structure. But what would happen if multiple UASs are flying close to one other? To the authors’ knowledge, the damage caused by multiple UAS impacts on a wetted surface zone has not yet been established.A finite element modelling approach is chosen for the UAS; specifically, a Lagrangian approach is applied using material nonlinearity and damage. A comparison is made between the damage caused by a bird impactor and a UAS impactor model. To establish the resulting damage of multiple UAS impacts on a wing leading edge, a multiple-UAS impact scenario is executed. The results show that a wing leading edge capable of sustaining a bird impact may not be capable of sustaining a UAS impact, which supports previous findings. Furthermore, for all simulated cases the front spar was not penetrated by components that managed to enter the leading edge. However, for the heavier drone some deformation of the front spar was observed. The multiple UAS impact scenario causes additional damage to the leading edge with respect to the single UAS impact, with greater deformation of the front spar being observed.
Remarks by Henning Lahmann
Authors: Lahmann Henning 
Published: March 2022

Ever since the revelations about concerted disinformation campaigns ahead of and surrounding the Brexit referendum and the 2016 U.S. presidential election, but also in the context of troubling developments in the global information space since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the issue has become a hot topic in international legal scholarship. However, after a few years of debate, there remain some fundamental concerns with how state-led influence operations are addressed, both in academia and among state actors. With that in mind, the following brief remarks seek to make five claims that may challenge and clarify some of the key features of current legal discourse.
Do Physiological Variables Predict the Need for Transport to Hospital From Music Festivals? An Analysis of Australian Festival Data
Authors: Douglas Ned , Donovan Jake , Carew James , Brouwer Kayla , Edwards Ebony , Gibson Mitchell , Leverett Jacqueline , Paul Joseph , Holbery-Morgan Lachlan , Pritchard Jessica , Bourke Elyssia , Smith Erin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective:
Using physiological markers to detect patients at risk of deterioration is common. Deaths at music festivals in Australia prompted scrutiny of tools to identify critically unwell patients for transport to hospital. This study evaluated initial physiological parameters to identify patients selected for transport to hospital from a music festival.

Methods:
A retrospective audit of 2045 presentations at music festivals in Victoria, Australia, was performed. Presentation heart rate, systolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, temperature, and Glasgow Coma Scale were assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) analysis, with a prespecified threshold of 0.7.

Results:
The only measured variable to exceed the prespecified cutpoint was initial systolic blood pressure, with an AUROC of 0.72 and optimal cutpoint of 122 mmHg. Using commonly accepted cutpoints for variables did not improve detection performance to acceptable levels, nor did using combination systems of cutpoints.

Conclusions:
Initial physiological variables are poor predictors of the decision to transport to hospital from music festivals. Systolic blood pressure was significant, but only at a clinically insignificant value. Decisions on which patients to transport from an event site should incorporate more information than initial physiology. Senior clinicians should lead decision-making about hospital transport from music festivals.
LI–YORKE CHAOS ALMOST EVERYWHERE: ON THE PERVASIVENESS OF DISJOINT EXTREMALLY SCRAMBLED SETS
Authors: DENG LIUCHUN , KHAN M. ALI , RAJAN ASHVIN V. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe show that there exists a continuous function from the unit Lebesgue interval to itself such that for any
$\epsilon \geq 0$
and any natural number k, any point in its domain has an
$\epsilon $
-neighbourhood which, when feasible, contains k mutually disjoint extremally scrambled sets of identical Lebesgue measure, homeomorphic to each other. This result enables a satisfying generalisation of Li–Yorke (topological) chaos and suggests an open (difficult) problem as to whether the result is valid for piecewise linear functions.
Iodine status of pregnant women from the Republic of Cyprus
Authors: Cannas Andrea , Rayman Margaret P. , Kolokotroni Ourania , Bath Sarah C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIodine supply is crucial during pregnancy to ensure that the proper thyroid function of mother and baby support fetal brain development. Little is known about iodine status or its dietary determinants in pregnant women in the Republic of Cyprus. We therefore recruited 128 pregnant women at their first-trimester ultrasound scan to a cross-sectional study. We collected spot-urine samples for the measurement of urinary iodine concentration (UIC, µg/l) and creatinine concentration (Creat, g/l), the latter of which allows us to correct for urine dilution and to compute the iodine-to-creatinine ratio (UI/Creat). Women completed a FFQ and a general questionnaire. We used a General Linear model to explore associations between maternal and dietary characteristics with UI/Creat. The median UIC (105 µg/l) indicated iodine deficiency according to the WHO criterion (threshold for adequacy = 150 µg/l), and the UI/Creat was also low at 107 µg/g. Only 32 % (n 45) of women reported the use of iodine-containing supplements; users had a higher UI/Creat than non-users (131 µg/g v. 118 µg/g), though this difference was NS in the adjusted analysis (P = 0·37). Of the dietary components, only egg intake was significantly associated with a higher UI/Creat in adjusted analyses (P = 0·018); there was no significant association with milk, dairy products or fish intake. Our results suggest that pregnant women in Cyprus have inadequate iodine status and are at risk of mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency. Further research on dietary sources in this population is required.
Black immigrants in the United States: Transraciolinguistic justice for imagined futures in a global metaverse
Authors: Smith Patriann 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAs the world continues to experience the recent wave of racial reckoning and its associated backlash, the field of applied linguistics has been called upon to renew efforts through which language functions as an avenue for redemption and restoration of humanity and of the world. Acknowledging the role of racialization in the language-related challenges faced nationally and globally has spurred on a wave of examinations that extend beyond a focus on the intellect and that increasingly allow for a simultaneous grappling with what it means to advance language solutions that equally center human sensitivity and the body. Among such acknowledgments have been the effects of racism on language use by immigrants, including immigrants of color, many of whom are often introduced into the U.S. as “languageless.” We operate now on the verge of an imminent global metaverse within which the world will soon largely exist, provoking questions about the degree to which language, and racialized language, will continue to function as the primary mechanism for operating in a future world order. Given this impetus, I draw from the Black immigrant experience in the United States in this brief essay to demonstrate why the future of applied linguistics in a global metaverse must be concerned with “transraciolinguistic justice” that: (1) creates opportunities beyond racialized [language] as a function of the imminent global metaverse; (2) disrupts the racialization of [language] for relegating citizenship based on national norms as a function of civic engagement; and (3) dismantles racialized [language] and borders that hold up the exclusion of “foreignness” to transform the relational experience. The impending reality of a global metaverse that lays flat distinctions among migrants while also introducing a plethora of spaces where racialized language further functions as subtext in a nonmaterial world calls for a (re)thinking of what it will mean to instruct, assess, plan for, and preserve [languages] in a soon to be, predominantly, virtual global existence. Civic and legal engagement in a global metaverse that can potentially transcend racialized language allows for the disruption of perceptions that advocate a lack of connectivity of diverse human publics across national and global borders. Relational healing through a focus on transraciolinguistic justice in a global metaverse represents an opportunity to restore the brokenness of the oppressed and cultivate opportunities for building bridges across diverse realities, critical to the abandonment of centuries of, and the introduction of, an era of peace. To the degree that the field of applied linguistics is prepared to engage transraciolinguistic justice, will determine, in large part, the extent to which it adjusts to a largely virtual world.
Dilogarithm identities after Bridgeman
Authors: JAIPONG PRADTHANA , LANG MONG LUNG , TAN SER PEOW , TEE MING HONG 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFollowing Bridgeman, we demonstrate several families of infinite dilogarithm identities associated with Fibonacci numbers, Lucas numbers, convergents of continued fractions of even periods, and terms arising from various recurrence relations.
A comparison of high-flow nasal cannula versus non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for respiratory support in infants following cardiac surgery
Authors: Beshish Asaad G. , Hupp Susan , Dryer Rebecca , Basu Mohua , Weido Ginger , Shashidharan Subhadra , Maher Kevin O. , Fundora Michael P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground:Following cardiac surgery, infants often remain endotracheally intubated upon arrival to the cardiac ICU. High-flow nasal cannula and non-invasive positive pressure ventilation are used to support patients following extubation. There are limited data on the superiority of either mode to prevent extubation failure.Methods:We conducted a single-centre retrospective study for infants (<1 year) and/or <10 kg who underwent cardiac surgery between 3/2019–3/2020. Data included patient and clinical characteristics and operative variables. The study aimed to compare high-flow nasal cannula versus non-invasive positive pressure ventilation following extubation and their association with extubation failure. Secondarily, we examined risk factors associated with extubation failure.Results:There were 424 patients who met inclusion criteria, 320 (75%) were extubated to high-flow nasal cannula, 104 (25%) to non-invasive positive pressure ventilation, and 64 patients (15%) failed extubation. The high-flow nasal cannula group had lower rates of extubation failure (11%, versus 29%, p = 0.001). Infants failing extubation were younger and had higher STAT score (p < 0.05). Compared to high-flow nasal cannula, non-invasive positive pressure ventilation patients were at 3.30 times higher odds of failing extubation after adjusting for patient factors (p < 0.0001).Conclusions:Extubation failure after cardiac surgery occurs in smaller, younger infants, and those with higher risk surgical procedures. Patients extubated to non-invasive positive pressure ventilation had 3.30 higher odds to fail extubation than patients extubated to high-flow nasal cannula. The optimal mode of respiratory support in this patient population is unknown.
Spatial Image Resolution Assessment by Fourier Analysis (SIRAF)
Authors: Brostrøm Anders , Mølhave Kristian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDetermining spatial resolution from images is crucial when optimizing focus, determining smallest resolvable object, and assessing size measurement uncertainties. However, no standard algorithm exists to measure resolution from electron microscopy (EM) images, though several have been proposed, where most require user decisions. We present the Spatial Image Resolution Assessment by Fourier analysis (SIRAF) algorithm that uses fast Fourier transform analysis to estimate resolution directly from a single image without user inputs. The method is derived from the underlying assumption that objects display intensity transitions, resembling a step function blurred by a Gaussian point spread function. This hypothesis is tested and verified on simulated EM images with known resolution. To identify potential pitfalls, the algorithm is also tested on simulated images with a variety of settings, and on real SEM images acquired at different magnification and defocus settings. Finally, the versatility of the method is investigated by assessing resolution in images from several microscopy techniques. It is concluded that the algorithm can assess resolution from a large selection of image types, thereby providing a measure of this fundamental image parameter. It may also improve autofocus methods and guide the optimization of magnification settings when balancing spatial resolution and field of view.
Does pension information impact savings?
Authors: El Mekkaoui Najat , Legendre Bérangère 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMany pension reforms in OECD countries included pension statements with the objective of improving individuals' financial security in retirement. Our objective is to assess the effectiveness of the pension information policy implemented in France and to investigate whether the pension statement results in better informed workers, who then increase their retirement savings. Using regression discontinuity designs combined with quantile regressions, we assess whether the changes in retirement savings and holding of assets are due to the pension information system and then quantify the impact. We conclude that a pension estimate sent to workers encourages the wealthiest to increase their retirement savings while it does not influence the savings of individuals with a low level of wealth.
Posthuman feminism and global constitutionalism: Environmental reflections
Authors: Jones Emily 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThere is a need for the field of global constitutionalism to consider a wider array of voices, such as women’s voices and perspectives from the Global South. Here, I argue that global constitutionalism must pay attention not only to a wider array of human perspectives, but also to non-human perspectives and to different understandings of what the law is and can be. Evaluating how international law categorizes the environment and non-human animals as things or objects to be exploited for human needs, I argue that posthuman feminism provides an alternative epistemic frame for rethinking both global constitutionalism and international law.
Persistent Layers of Enhanced Gravity Wave Dissipation in the Upper Mesosphere Revealed From SABER Observations
Authors: Liu Xiao , Xu Jiyao , Yue Jia , Kogure Masaru 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDissipation of gravity waves (GWs) and resultant momentum flux deposition and eddy diffusion significantly influence the atmospheric structure and circulation. Using the temperature profiles measured by the SABER instrument (2002–2021), we derive the global GW action and its scale height (HAm). Comparing to the background scale height (H), we identify a persistent layer of enhanced GW dissipation (HAm/H > 2) in the upper mesosphere. The enhanced dissipation is primarily centered at 80–85 km with a vertical range of ∼8–20 km. At middle and high latitudes, the enhanced dissipation extends down to ∼60 km and is located above the eastward (westward) wind peak in winter (summer). At low latitudes, enhanced dissipation occurs around the wind reversals. The possible mechanisms of enhanced dissipation include wave refraction, wind filtering, and reduced static stability. The persistent layer of enhanced dissipation identified here provide observational evidence for GW dissipation constrains in models.