bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current status and barriers in pulmonary hypertension care delivery in India: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Maligireddy Anand Reddy , Shore Supriya , Sreenivas Kumar A. , Harikrishnan S. , Ajit Mullasari S. , Sastry B. K. , Gupta Sameer , Choudhary Nikhil , Atreya Auras R. , Arora Sonali , Moles Victor M. , Mclaughlin Vallerie V. , Aggarwal Vikas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlthough pulmonary hypertension (PH) is widely prevalent in India, care delivery for this condition has unique challenges in a lower middle‐income country (LMIC). To describe care delivery for patients with PH and associated barriers in India. We interviewed physicians across eight healthcare systems in India about PH clinical care using semi‐structured enquiries to understand care delivery and associated challenges in their specific practice as well as the associated health system. Qualitative analysis was performed using content analysis methodology. Physicians reported that common causes for PH in their practice were rheumatic mitral valve disease, coronary artery disease, and congenital heart disease (CHD). No center had a dedicated PH program. Only one center had a specific protocol for PH management. Diagnostic evaluations were limited, and right heart catheterizations were recommended for patients with CHD. Pulmonary vasodilator therapy was used for severe symptoms or markers of severe disease. Agents used to treat PH were widely variable across physicians and prostacyclins are unavailable in India. Barriers included limited training in PH for physicians, lack of consensus guidelines for PH specific to LMIC, and lack of financial incentives for health care systems to organize dedicated PH programs. Other barriers included poor patient health literacy and socioeconomic barriers that limit ability to test and treat PH. PH care delivery in India is variable with widely differing clinical practices. Dedicated training in PH management and establishing guidelines specific to LMIC like India can form the first step forward.
Synthesis of Cinnamoyl‐Amino Acid Ester Derivatives and Structure‐Activity Relationship Based on Thermal Stability, Dielectric, and Theoretical Analysis
Authors: Çalışkan Eray , Biryan Fatih , Koran Kenan , Akman Feride , Görgülü Ahmet Orhan , Çetin Ahmet 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this study, cinnamic acid derivatives were synthesized from the reaction of benzaldehyde derivatives with malonic acid in the presence of pyridine and piperidine. These compounds were then respectively reacted with glycine and L‐alanine methyl ester hydrochloride based on triazine methodology to obtain novel cinnamoyl‐amino acid ester derivatives. The structure of these compounds were established via 1H, 13C APT, FT‐IR, MS and elemental analysis. The synthesized novel compounds were studied in terms of structure‐activity relationship based on dielectric, thermal stability, and theoretical analysis. Dielectric analysis was carried out in terms of amino acid type and aromatic substituted group (electron‐withdrawing or releasing group factor). Amino acid side chain differences make alanine conjugates have higher ϵ′ values compared to glycine conjugates. Thermal stability analysis was performed for the compounds (10 and 16) with the highest dielectric constants. Thermal decomposition activation energies were calculated as 95 kJ mol−1 and 100 kJ mol−1 for 10 and 16, respectively. HOMO‐LUMO energy levels and other related properties of the target compounds were analyzed and a correlation was observed between HOMO‐LUMO energy band gap and dielectric constant.
An Orange‐Emitting Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complex Featuring Three Strong Electron‐Donating N‐Embedded π‐Conjugation Units
Authors: Song Jialiang , Li Feiyang , Shi Chao , Li Gang , Liu Xinyu , Wu Meng , Zeng Ruoqi , Li Qiuxia , Zhao Qiang , Yuan Aihua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe firstly design and synthesize a new facial phosphorescent iridium complex fac‐Ir(NO)3 with three strong electron‐donating N‐embedded π‐conjugation units. It is found that the complex fac‐Ir(NO)3 can display a distinct orange phosphorescence emission (λ=582 nm) with a redshift of 55 nm relative to model complex fac‐Ir(N)3 (λ=527 nm) with three triphenylamine units. Notably, it also exhibits a significantly narrower half‐peak width (FWHM=70 nm) compared with model complex Ir(NO)2acac (FWHM=97 nm) with two N‐embedded π‐conjugation units. In addition, it also shows both distinct intraligand charge transfer (ILCT) and partial unusual ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer (LMCT) excited state properties due to strong electron‐donating capacity of three N‐embedded π‐conjugation units.
Convenient Hydrophosphorylation of Dibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxa‐/thiazepines by Acid Catalysis
Authors: Yang Peng , Hong Gang , Tang Zhicong , Wang Qi , Zhong Yi , Zhou Chen , Gong Yu , Wang Limin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA protocol for the acid‐catalyzed synthesis of phosphorylated dihydrodibenzoxa‐/thiazepine derivatives from dibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxa‐/thiazepines has been established. The reaction appears compatible with a range of functional groups in both the dibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxa‐/thiazepine, H‐phosphonate and especially diarylphosphine oxide phosphorylation partners, affording moderate to excellent yields of the corresponding products. The present method further expands the utility of Pudovik reaction.
Visualizing Invisible Phase Transitions in Blue Phase Liquid Crystals Using Early Warning Indicators
Authors: Matsui Takayuki , Matsumori Tadayoshi , Ito Yuji , Hase Yoko , Yoshida Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChanges in the statistical properties of data as a system approaches a critical transition is studied intensively as early warning signals, but their application to materials science, where phase transitions—a type of critical transition—are of fundamental importance, are limited. Here, a critical transition analysis is applied to time‐series data from a microscopic 3D ordered soft material—blue phase liquid crystals (BPLC)—and demonstrates that phase transitions that are invisible under ambient conditions can be visualized through the choice of appropriate early warning indicators. After discussing how a phase transition affects the statistical properties in a system with a Landau–de Gennes type free energy potential, the predicted changes are experimentally observed at the two types of phase transitions that occur in a BPLC: the isotropic to simple cubic, and simple cubic to body‐centered cubic transitions. In particular, it is shown that the skewness of the intensity distribution inverts its sign at the phase transition, enabling temporally and spatially resolved mapping of phase transitions. This approach can be easily adapted to a wide variety of material systems and microscopy techniques, providing a powerful tool for studying complex critical transition phenomena.
Extrusion: A New Method for Rapid Formulation of High‐Yield, Monodisperse Nanobubbles
Authors: Counil Claire , Abenojar Eric , Perera Reshani , Exner Agata A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractShell‐stabilized gas microbubbles (MB) and nanobubbles (NB) are frequently used for biomedical ultrasound imaging and therapeutic applications. While it is widely recognized that monodisperse bubbles can be more effective in these applications, the efficient formulation of uniform bubbles at high concentrations is difficult to achieve. Here, it is demonstrated that a standard mini‐extruder setup, commonly used to make vesicles or liposomes, can be used to quickly and efficiently generate monodisperse NBs with high yield. In this highly reproducible technique, the NBs obtained have an average diameter of 0.16 ± 0.05 µm and concentration of 6.2 ± 1.8 × 1010 NBs mL−1 compared to 0.32 ± 0.1 µm and 3.2 ± 0.7 × 1011 mL−1 for NBs made using mechanical agitation. Parameters affecting the extrusion and NB generation process including the temperature, concentration of the lipid solution, and the number of passages through the extruder are also examined. Moreover, it is demonstrated that extruded NBs show a strong acoustic response in vitro and a strong and persistent US signal enhancement under nonlinear contrast enhanced ultrasound imaging in mice. The extrusion process is a new, efficient, and scalable technique that can be used to easily produce high yield smaller monodispersed nanobubbles.
Decreased 5‐HT1A binding in mild Alzheimer's disease—A positron emission tomography study
Authors: Mattsson Patrik , Cselényi Zsolt , Andrée Bengt , Borg Jacqueline , Nag Sangram , Halldin Christer , Farde Lars 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDecreased 5‐HT1A receptor binding has been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and interpreted as a consequence of neuron loss. The purpose of the present study was to compare [11C]WAY100635 binding to the 5‐HT1A receptor in the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, amygdala and pericalcarine cortex in mild AD patients and elderly controls. AD patients (n = 7) and elderly control subjects (n = 8) were examined with positron emission tomography (PET) and [11C]WAY100635. PET data acquisition was performed with an ECAT EXACT HR system. Wavelet‐aided parametric images of nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND) were generated using Logan's graphical analysis with cerebellum as the reference region. Correction for partial volume effects was performed with the Müller–Gärtner method. Regions of interest (ROIs) were applied to the individual parametric images, and the regional BPND was calculated as the average parametric voxel value within each ROI. In addition to comparisons between subject groups, correlations between BPND values and scores on the Mini‐Mental State Examination, Disability Assessment for Dementia (DAD), and Neuropsychiatric Inventory were expressed by Pearson correlation coefficients. Mean regional BPND was lower in AD patients than in control subjects, and the difference was statistically significant for the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and amygdala. A statistically significant correlation was obtained between hippocampal BPND values and DAD scores. The results of the present study corroborate and extend previous findings of decreased 5‐HT1A binding in AD and strengthen the support for 5‐HT1A receptor PET as a tool for the assessment of neurodegenerative changes in mild AD.
Serological evidence of the circulation of the Rift Valley fever virus in sheep and goats slaughtered in Yaoundé, Cameroon
Authors: Ebogo‐Belobo Jean Thierry , Sadeuh‐Mba Serge Alain , Mveng‐Sanding Georges Marc Arthur , Chavely Gwladys Monamele , Groschup Martin H. , Mbacham Wilfred Fon , Njouom Richard 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundRift Valley fever (RVF) is an emerging mosquito‐borne haemorrhagic fever disease capable of causing severe outbreaks with high mortality and morbidity in human, livestock, and wildlife species, particularly in Africa. The onset of the disease in humans is often preceded by epizootic circulation in animals. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the seroprevalence of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) infection in animals slaughtered in the “Marché huitième” slaughterhouse in Yaoundé, Cameroon.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted at the “Marché huitième” slaughterhouse in Yaoundé, Centre region of Cameroon in March 2020. Blood samples of two species of small ruminants (sheep and goat) were collected and processed. Serum was analysed for detection of RVFV IgG and IgM using commercial ELISA tests.ResultsOf the 191 ruminants tested, RVFV IgG antibodies were positive in 10 (5.2%). Regarding categorization of the population based on the species and gender, sheep and female animal had the highest seroprevalence of 6.4% (3/47) and 7.0% (8/115), respectively. All sera from IgG antibodies‐positive samples were negative to IgM antibodies.ConclusionThis study provides evidence of the circulation of RVFV in small ruminants sold and slaughtered at the “Marché huitième” slaughterhouse in Yaoundé and highlights the need to develop a surveillance system for this virus encompassing humans, livestock, wildlife, and vectors in Cameroon.
Suspected postoperative phenylephrine‐associated pulmonary haemorrhage in a horse with nephrosplenic entrapment of the large colon
Authors: Quesada Nuria , Dunkel Bettina , Palacios Carolina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA 16‐year‐old, Irish sport horse was treated with intravenous fluid therapy and phenylephrine, followed by light exercise for a nephrosplenic entrapment of the left large colon. Medical treatment failed to return the colon to its normal position and an exploratory coeliotomy was performed. The surgical procedure and general anaesthesia were uneventfully completed; however, the horse developed haemoptysis, pulmonary oedema and epistaxis in the recovery box. The horse improved after administration of intravenous furosemide and hypertonic saline and was discharged from the hospital 4 days later. Phenylephrine is a sympathomimetic drug that causes splenic contraction and thereby decreases the size of the spleen, allowing the colon to return to its normal position. Fatal pulmonary and abdominal bleeding has been reported as a rare complication of phenylephrine treatment in horses. This case shows a delayed and completely unexpected presentation, which responded to supportive treatment.
Hunting and environmental influences on survival of male wild turkeys in Virginia and West Virginia
Authors: Norman Gary W. , Crawford Daniel , Ryan Christopher W. , Igo William K. , Cherry Michael J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractKnowledge of the effects of hunting and environmental influences on survival of eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) is critical to managers setting fall and spring hunting seasons. Research has shown improper season frameworks can result in unsustainably high harvest rates of adult males, affect male age structure, and result in lower hunter satisfaction. Our objectives were to estimate survival rates of males, identify causes of mortality, and relate hunting and environmental influences to male turkey survival. We captured and radio‐tagged male wild turkeys in Virginia (n = 204) and West Virginia (n = 197), USA, during 2004–2007. We used staggered entry Kaplan‐Meier models to estimate survival and Cox Proportional Hazards Models to estimate effects of predictor variables on survival. Survival was estimated for 3 distinct periods of interest: annual, fall hunting (October–January), and spring hunting (April–May). The leading causes of mortalities (209 turkeys) were legal spring harvest (42%), predation (25%), and poaching (17%). Only 8 turkeys (4%) were taken during fall hunting seasons. Confidence intervals for annual survival of 2 year‐old and 3+ year‐old turkeys overlapped; therefore, we combined adult ages into a single category (2+). Adult (2+) annual survival was 0.63 (95% CI = 0.58–0.69) and the harvest rate was 25% (95% CI = 20–29%) for the combined states. Annual survival rates for adults (2+) were greater than in most other published studies, whereas adult (2+) spring harvest rates were lower. For juvenile males, annual survival was 0.74 (95% CI = 0.68–0.79) and spring harvest rate was 7% (95% CI = 3–11%). High juvenile and adult (2+) survival may have been related to low harvest rates. Adult turkeys (2+) had 46% greater risk of dying than one‐year‐old birds and were 3.7 times more likely to be harvested than juveniles. Age, a relative phenology index (RPI; spring green‐up), and white oak (Quercus alba) acorn production were included in the top models for annual survival, spring season survival, and spring harvest risk. Increasing RPI (more foliage) decreased mortality risk and greater white oak (Quercus alba) acorn abundance increased mortality risk. Across 4 regions in the 2 states, fall survival was high (0.90, 95% CI = 0.87–0.93). The impact of fall hunting on males in Virginia was low (5% harvest rate, 95% CI = 0–9%). Overall, spring harvest had the greatest effect on male survival, although those effects were moderated by the previous fall white oak crop and the onset of green‐up in the spring.
Status and distribution of wild turkeys in the United States in 2019
Authors: Chamberlain Michael J. , Hatfield Mark , Collier Bret A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAfter increases following restoration efforts, the wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) population appeared to decline during the early 2000s in many areas of the species' range. The 2014 status assessment indicated that estimated population size, harvest, and hunter numbers had declined since at least 2009. Several studies concurrently detailed regional declines in productivity of wild turkey populations. During 2019, we continued to monitor status of wild turkey populations in the United States by surveying state agency biologists charged with overseeing wild turkey management programs. We asked biologists to provide estimates of population abundance and distribution within their state. We also requested that each biologist provide data on turkey hunter numbers and harvest for both spring and fall hunting seasons, if those data were available. Based on agency biologist responses, wild turkey population size declined by ~3% across states that contributed data to both the 2014 and 2019 status updates. However, during our 2019 survey, abundance data were unavailable for 12 states that reported estimates for the 2014 assessment. We estimated that the number of wild turkey hunters declined by 18% between the 2014 and 2019 assessments, but note the 2019 estimate was confounded by missing data from 8 states that provided data during 2014. Across all reporting states, fall and spring harvests decreased by 31 and 12%, respectively, between the 2014 and 2019 assessments. Despite widespread recognition that standardization of monitoring methods across states would facilitate more consistent inferences about wild turkey abundance, further progress towards regional or national standardization is needed. Furthermore, the approach of converting harvest data to a population estimate by dividing harvest estimates by a constant percentage of estimated take should be revisited to ensure accuracy, especially given known spatial and temporal variation in harvest pressure, hunting activity, and hunter behavior. We encourage continued development of improved techniques to estimate wild turkey abundance and distribution, and recommend that all states and provinces consider standardized methods to accurately monitor and report harvest and hunter effort.
Increasing Spiritual Sensitivity and Faith-Based Service Provision: Pathways to Islamic Social Work
Authors: Schmid Hansjörg , Sheikhzadegan Amir 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSocial work has been characterised in recent years by a growing sensitivity to religious and spiritual issues, both leading back to its historical roots and responding to the challenges of contemporary post-secular society. This sensitivity also requires more knowledge about and attention to the specific needs of Muslims as service users, without neglecting their great diversity. The topic of ‘Islamic social work’, situated within this context, does not only concern Muslim beneficiaries in the field of mainstream social work, but also the central, active role that Muslim communities play: it therefore calls into question a merely individual focus. For Muslim faith-based organisations, Islamically-motivated social ideas and thought are also important. In Western contexts, which are often characterised by mistrust shown to Islam and Muslims, reflection on what contribution can be made to the common good within the framework of pluralistic societies is required. Finally, Islamic social work can be considered in relation to the broader development of social work, which is characterised by a critical approach to power-relations and domination, a sensitivity to diversity and an openness to alternative forms of social work. This chapter introduces the book “Exploring Islamic Social Work. Between Community and the Common Good” by analysing the state of research, identifying guiding questions and then developing and presenting the structure of the volume. Its focus is on contexts of Islamic social work and its target groups, its theological and ethical foundations, as well as its inclusion into general social work discourse.
An ‘Epistemic Weight’ of Islamic Practical Theology in Contemporary Islamic Social Work
Authors: Isgandarova Nazila 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to highlight the main arguments in the development of Islamic social work practice. In this respect, Islamic practical theology provides certain theories and methods as a solid foundation for Islamic social work practice. Taking into account a revival of new approaches to teaching Islamic practical theology, this paper provides reflection on the methods for teaching it, based on a new and broader understanding of theology in Islam. The primary question of this chapter is: What are the best practices in teaching Islamic practical theology which prepare Muslim social work students to connect theological understanding to the everyday experience of Muslims in the community, society and the world? The second question is: How do Muslim social workers use daily life practices as an “epistemic weight” in the production of new knowledge in Islamic social work? Finally, the chapter discusses the question of whether Islamic practical theology, including Islamic doctrine, tradition, and the “living human document”, holds a central position in Islamic social work.
Helping Muslims or Contributing to Society? Insights into the Paradoxes of Islamic Social Work for the Excluded
Authors: Brodard Baptiste 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn various European countries, Islamic social services have specifically targeted disadvantaged groups, including a high proportion of Muslims. This situation gives rise to a paradox: while Islamic organisations insist on impartiality and aim to benefit people regardless of their religious belonging, most of their investment addresses de facto Muslim communities. This paradox could firstly be explained by the overrepresentation of Muslims within excluded groups. While Islamic NGOs justify the delivery of most of their aid to Muslim countries by emergencies linked to geopolitical contexts, grassroots Islamic associations explain their focus on Muslim beneficiaries as being due to their underprivileged situation. In parallel, local authorities and statutory agencies, including those working in prisons, have begun to consider the need for Muslim protagonists to be involved in addressing specific issues and reaching particular groups. In this process, both individual Muslim social workers and Islamic organisations are increasingly expected to contribute their presumed cultural skills. This positioning causes tension within the authorities and statutory agencies, as they promote a neutral vision of social work while paradoxically fostering religious and cultural approaches for pragmatic reasons. Based on case studies of Islamic welfare organisations in Switzerland and France, this chapter aims to address the paradox of Muslims claiming to contribute to the common good while essentially providing their own ‘community’ with aid. It discusses the current challenges for Islamic bodies who try to position themselves in a ‘universalist’ social work approach, while they concretely implement community-based social services which seem to prioritise Muslims.