bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre‐transplantation vitamin D deficiency increases acute graft‐versus‐host disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in thalassemia major patients
Authors: Daloğlu Hayriye , Uygun Vedat , Öztürkmen Seda , Yalçın Koray , Karasu Gülsün , Yeşilipek Akif 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough there are many studies on the role of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in hematopoetic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), outcomes have often reported conflicting results because of the heterogeneity of the patients in the studies.MethodsWe investigated the association between VDD prior to HSCT and outcomes after HSCT in a relatively homogenous group of patients with thalassemia major (TM) who received identical treatment for TM before transplantation, and the same conditioning regimen and GVHD prophylaxis during and after transplantation. All patients, including the patients with normal vitamin D3 levels received 400 to 800 IU per day of vitamin D for the first 6 months after HSCT.ResultsPre‐HSCT VDD increased the frequency of aGVHD after transplantation, particularly in HSCTs performed with PBSC for the stem cell source. Pre‐transplant low vitamin D3 levels had no association with transplant outcomes such as engraftment, viral infections, alloimmunization, chronic GvHD, total days of hospitalization, and success in terms of transfusion independence.ConclusionsLow vitamin D3 levels before HSCT carry a significant risk for aGVHD. All patients with TM should be screened for VDD before HSCT, and every effort should be made to supplement vitamin D before the transplant in VDD patients.
Group chorusing as an intragroup signal in the greater ani, a communally breeding bird
Authors: Savagian Amanda , Riehl Christina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGroup living often requires maintaining dynamic and varied relationships with fellow group members, while simultaneously monitoring and interacting with external competitors. Group members in many social species vocalize together to produce duets or choruses—coordinated, often conspicuous vocal displays—that may play a role in these interactions. Compared with male–female duets, however, relatively little research exists on the function and adaptive significance of group choruses, which involve three or more individuals. Here we investigate chorusing behavior in the greater ani (Crotophaga major), a communally breeding cuckoo that nests in stable social groups of four to eight unrelated individuals. Groups may remain together for several years on the same nesting territory, and groups occasionally destroy each other's clutches in conflicts over high‐quality territories. We asked whether the raucous, highly stereotyped choruses performed by ani groups are primarily used for intra‐ or intergroup communication, and whether they contain information about the identity of the social group and the number of birds vocalizing. Behavioral observations and acoustic recordings from three breeding seasons revealed that choruses typically occurred during social interactions within the group (78% of choruses) or in response to a predator or extra‐group individual (17%) and only rarely in intergroup interactions (4%). Consistent with this finding, choruses did not reliably reflect the number of birds vocalizing, and we found only limited evidence for group‐specific acoustic signatures (driven by a single group whose choruses were highly distinct). These results suggest that group choruses play an important role in intra‐group signaling, potentially in contexts such as group formation, reinforcement of social bonds within the group, and/or collective decision‐making, and they motivate new research questions about the role of collective signaling in social evolution.
Embodied modes in L2 French video reflections: Supporting metalinguistic awareness, organization, and community
Authors: Amgott Natalie , Gorham Julia A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn recent years, research in multimodality has established the benefits of using multiple semiotic modes like image, sound, and text in digital second language (L2) communication. However, researchers have yet to investigate how L2 learners make meaning through embodied modes—or gestures and facial expressions. Grounded in the social semiotic theory of multimodality, this study leverages multimodal transcription and discourse analysis to describe how 126 college learners of L2 French used embodied modes in their video reflections. Findings reveal how gestures and facial expressions served to augment students’ metalinguistic awareness and organizational capacities in French. Further, embodied modes supported students in connecting to their audience. Because online language learning has increased during pandemic times, the findings shed light on the important role of embodied modes in designing L2 video assignments.
Predicting effects of multiple interacting global change drivers across trophic levels
Authors: van Moorsel Sofia J. , Thébault Elisa , Radchuk Viktoriia , Narwani Anita , Montoya José M. , Dakos Vasilis , Holmes Mark , De Laender Frederik , Pennekamp Frank 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGlobal change encompasses many co‐occurring anthropogenic drivers, which can act synergistically or antagonistically on ecological systems. Predicting how different global change drivers simultaneously contribute to observed biodiversity change is a key challenge for ecology and conservation. However, we lack the mechanistic understanding of how multiple global change drivers influence the vital rates of multiple interacting species. We propose that reaction norms, the relationships between a driver and vital rates like growth, mortality, and consumption, provide insights to the underlying mechanisms of community responses to multiple drivers. Understanding how multiple drivers interact to affect demographic rates using a reaction‐norm perspective can improve our ability to make predictions of interactions at higher levels of organization—that is, community and food web. Building on the framework of consumer–resource interactions and widely studied thermal performance curves, we illustrate how joint driver impacts can be scaled up from the population to the community level. A simple proof‐of‐concept model demonstrates how reaction norms of vital rates predict the prevalence of driver interactions at the community level. A literature search suggests that our proposed approach is not yet used in multiple driver research. We outline how realistic response surfaces (i.e., multidimensional reaction norms) can be inferred by parametric and nonparametric approaches. Response surfaces have the potential to strengthen our understanding of how multiple drivers affect communities as well as improve our ability to predict when interactive effects emerge, two of the major challenges of ecology today.
Cropland intensification mediates the radiative balance of greenhouse gas emissions and soil carbon sequestration in maize systems of sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Zheng Jinsen , Canarini Alberto , Fujii Kazumichi , Mmari William N. , Kilasara Method M. , Funakawa Shinya 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) must undertake proper cropland intensification for higher crop yields while minimizing climate impacts. Unfortunately, no studies have simultaneously quantified greenhouse gas (GHG; CO2, CH4, and N2O) emissions and soil organic carbon (SOC) change in SSA croplands, leaving it a blind spot in the accounting of global warming potential (GWP). Here, based on 2‐year field monitoring of soil emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O, as well as SOC changes in two contrasting soil types (sandy vs. clayey), we provided the first, full accounting of GWP for maize systems in response to cropland intensifications (increasing nitrogen rates and in combination with crop residue return) in SSA. To corroborate our field observations on SOC change (i.e., 2‐year, a short duration), we implemented a process‐oriented model parameterized with field data to simulate SOC dynamic over time. We further tested the generality of our findings by including a literature synthesis of SOC change across maize‐based systems in SSA. We found that nitrogen application reduced SOC loss, likely through increased biomass yield and consequently belowground carbon allocation. Residue return switched the direction of SOC change from loss to gain; such a benefit (SOC sequestration) was not compromised by CH4 emissions (negligible) nor outweighed by the amplified N2O emissions, and contributed to negative net GWP. Overall, we show encouraging results that, combining residue and fertilizer‐nitrogen input allowed for sequestering 82–284 kg of CO2‐eq per Mg of maize grain produced across two soils. All analyses pointed to an advantage of sandy over clayey soils in achieving higher SOC sequestration targets, and thus call for a re‐evaluation on the potential of sandy soils in SOC sequestration across SSA croplands. Our findings carry important implications for developing viable intensification practices for SSA croplands in mitigating climate change while securing food production.
Emergency calls concerning older patients: Are the appropriate questions asked?
Authors: Jomard Nathalie , Vincent Adélaïde , Chammem Rita , Gilbert Thomas , Rouze Heloïse , Comte Brigitte , Haesebaert Julie , Schott Anne‐Marie 
Published: December 2022

AimIn the present study, we evaluated the triage process particularly for older patients after calls to Emergency Medical Call Centers (ECC), according to the geriatric assessment tool.MethodsIn this observational population‐based cross‐sectional study in the Rhône (France), we analyzed the audiotapes of all calls received by ECC concerning patients aged ≥75 years, during seven randomly selected days, over a period of 1 year. We analyzed whether information about seven key items, predefined by a panel of experts as essential for quality telephone triage of seniors, was actually collected.ResultsAmong 4168 calls, 712 (17.1%) concerned patients >75 years (mean ± SD, age 84.6 ± 5.6 years). The mean duration of calls was 3 min 28 s. Information about living arrangements (alone or not), dependency, multiple pathologies, polymedication, ability to walk independently or with help, and hospitalization in the previous 3 months was not collected in 20%, 42%, 40%, 45%, 58% and 61% of calls, respectively. All seven geriatric items were collected for only 54 (7.8%) calls, and only three criteria collected for 277 (40%) calls. Nurse‐managed calls were significantly associated with the collection of less geriatric items compared with physician‐managed calls.ConclusionKey information is particularly important to guide the orientation, and further management of older patients may be lacking during the telephone triage of patients in ECCs. This may represent an important level of improvement of the triage process, to address the needs of older patients better and avoid inappropriate emergency department visits. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 54–59.
Alignment of patient‐centredness definitions with real‐life patient and clinician experiences: A qualitative study
Authors: Babione Julie , Panjwani Dilshaan , Murphy Sydney , Kelly Jenny , Van Dyke Jessica , Santana Maria , Kaufman Jaime , Sargious Peter , Rabi Doreen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionPatient‐centred care (PCC) has come to the forefront for many institutions, funding agencies and clinicians, and is integrated into care. Does a disconnect in understanding still exist between patients, healthcare organizations and clinicians in what PCC means and how outstanding issues might be addressed?MethodsWe conducted interviews and focus groups with self‐reported chronic care patients and clinicians providing care to these patients exploring PCC experiences, expectations and practices. These data were initially analysed using inductive thematic analysis. This paper reports on the findings of a secondary analysis examining the alignment between patients and clinicians on five key predetermined dimensions of PCC.ResultsEighteen patients participated, representing a range of chronic conditions. Thirty‐eight clinicians participated. One thousand and three hundred patient and 1800 clinician codes were identified and grouped into 5 main topics with 140 unique themes (patients) and 9 main topics with 54 unique themes (clinicians). A total of 166 quotes (patient = 93, clinician = 73) were identified for this PCC definition alignment analysis. Partial or complete alignment of patient and clinician perspectives was seen on most dimensions. Key disconnects were observed in patient involvement, patient empowerment and clinician–patient communication. Only 18% of patients reported experiencing patient‐centred communication, whereas 57% of clinicians reported using patient‐focused communication approaches.ConclusionOverall, study patients and clinicians endorse that many PCC elements occur. This study highlights key differences between patients and clinicians, suggesting persistent challenges. Clinician participants relayed their PCC approaches of informing and educating patients; however, patients often perceive these approaches as didactic, role‐diminishing and noncollaborative. Collaborative approaches, such as shared decision‐making, hold promise to bridge persistent PCC gaps and should be integrated into medical education programmes.Patient or Public ContributionThis project was conceived and executed with a co‐design approach wherein patients with chronic conditions who are trained in research (i.e., see descriptions of Patient and Community Engagement Research in the text) were involved in all stages of the research project alongside other researchers on the project team. Healthcare providers were involved as participants and as principal investigators in the project.
‘They'd beat us with whatever is available to them’: Exploitation and abuse of Ghanaian domestic workers in the Middle East
Authors: Kandilige Leander , Teye Joseph Kofi , Setrana Mary , Badasu Delali Margaret 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGeneric accounts of pervasive cases of exploitation and abuse against migrant domestic workers in the Middle East exist in the extant literature. However, very little is known about the breadth, depth and gendered nature of abuses experienced by female migrants from especially the sub‐Saharan African region. Abuses of the rights of sub‐Saharan Africans are under‐represented and under‐theorised. This paper interrogates the question what is the nature, extent and severity of exploitation and abuse against female Ghanaian domestic workers in the Middle East? Using data from mixed‐methods research, this paper adopts the framework of structural, symbolic and interpersonal violence to examine the range of abuses against domestic workers and the context within which these abuses take place.
The impact of COVID‐19 on the mental health workforce: A rapid review
Authors: Crocker Kaitlyn M. , Gnatt Inge , Haywood Darren , Butterfield Ingrid , Bhat Ravi , Lalitha Anoop Raveendran Nair , Jenkins Zoe M. , Castle David J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic led to significant adaptations to healthcare. Provision of mental healthcare in a changing environment presented healthcare workers with unique challenges and demands, including changes in workload and expectations. To inform current and future healthcare service responses, and adaptations, the current review aimed to collate and examine the impact of the pandemic on mental healthcare workers (MHWs). We conducted a rapid systematic review to examine the overall impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on MHWs. Searches were conducted in Ovid Medline and PsycInfo and restricted to articles published from 2020. Inclusion criteria specified articles written in English, published in peer‐reviewed journals, and that examined any outcome of the impact of COVID‐19 on MHWs; 55 articles fulfilled these criteria. Outcomes were categorized into ‘work‐related outcomes’ and ‘personal outcomes’. Mental healthcare workers worldwide experienced a range of work‐related and personal adversities during the pandemic. Key work‐related outcomes included increased workload, changed roles, burnout, decreased job satisfaction, telehealth challenges, difficulties with work‐life balance, altered job performance, vicarious trauma and increased workplace violence. Personal outcomes included decreased well‐being, increased psychological distress and psychosocial difficulties. These outcomes differed between inpatient, outpatient and remote settings. The COVID‐19 pandemic significantly altered the delivery of mental healthcare and MHWs experienced both work‐related and personal adversities during the COVID‐19 pandemic. With the continuation of changes introduced to healthcare in the initial stages of the pandemic, it will be important to maintain efforts to monitor negative outcomes and ensure supports for MHWs, going forward.
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy compared with standard care for diabetic foot ulcer healing: An updated systematic review
Authors: Hitchman Louise , Totty Joshua , Smith George E. , Carradice Daniel , Twiddy Maureen , Iglesias Cynthia , Russell David , Chetter Ian C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEmerging evidence suggests that extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) may improve time to DFU healing. The aim of this review was to appraise the evidence on role of ESWT in DFU healing and impact of different ESWT doses. Databases were searched for trials comparing ESWT plus standard care to standard care alone in participants with DFUs. Search results were reviewed by two independent reviewers. The Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool and GRADE approach was used to assess bias and certainty. The primary outcome was time to healing. The search identified 345 papers after duplicates removed. Six trials consisting of 471 participants were included. There was unclear or high risk of bias across all domains. Time to ulcer healing was probably shorter in patients treated with ESWT compared with standard ulcer care alone (GRADE: low certainty). Patients treated with ESWT were more likely to heal at 20 weeks post‐ESWT compared with those treated with standard ulcer care alone (GRADE: low certainty). There was significant heterogeneity. ESWT remains a promising new treatment but the translation into routine clinical practice is still limited by the low certainty of evidence surrounding its effectiveness, case selection and optimum dose.
Investigation of the chemical versatility in high‐entropy pyrochlores
Authors: Vayer Florianne , Decorse Claudia , Bérardan David , Dragoe Diana , Dragoe Nita 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article reports on the exploration of the chemical versatility of entropy‐stabilized pyrochlores (A2B2O7) with large chemical disorder introduced on the B site, as well as the study of isovalent and aliovalent substitution on the B site and of Ca2+‐doping on the A site. Among all the 20 new compounds obtained in this study, 8 are entropy‐stabilized: RE2(TiZrHfGeSn)2 (with RE = Gd–Ho and Y), Pr2(TiZrHfScNb)2O7, and RE2(TiGeSnAlNb)2O7 (with RE = Er and Y). Moreover, some physical properties (magnetic, electrical, thermal, and optical properties) of these high‐entropy pyrochlores have been screened, and some of them could be potentially interesting for applications. For example, we observed low thermal diffusivity values (between 0.4 and 0.7 m2 s−1) making them interesting for thermal barrier coating or tunable optical bandgaps in the visible region that could make them appealing as photocatalysts or in optical applications. Furthermore, single‐phased compounds were obtained for almost all the rare earths (REs) on the A site. Therefore, when five nonmagnetic cations are used for the B site, it enables to study the magnetic properties and, more specifically, the influence of the local chemical and structural disorder on the exotic ground states observed in monocationic RE pyrochlores.
Microstructure of rapidly‐quenched ZrO2‐SiO2 glass‐ceramics fabricated by container‐less aerodynamic levitation technology
Authors: Fu Le , Wang Bohan , Sathyanath Sharath Kumar Manjeshwar , Chang Jiang , Yu Jianding , Leifer Klaus , Engqvist Håkan , Li Qin , Xia Wei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this work, an aerodynamic levitation technology (ALT) was utilized to prepare ZrO2‐SiO2 glass‐ceramics with two different ZrO2 contents, that is, 35 mol% and 50 mol%. The glass‐ceramics were partially melted at ∼2000°C or fully melted at ∼3000°C by ALT, followed by rapid quenching to obtain spherical glass‐ceramic beads. The phase compositions and microstructures of the glass‐ceramics were characterized. Crystallization of ZrO2 occurred during the solidification process and ZrO2 content, processing temperature, and the addition of yttrium (3 mol%) affected the crystalline phase of ZrO2. No ZrSiO4 or crystalline SiO2 were formed during the solidification process and the glass‐ceramics were away from thermodynamic equilibrium due to rapid quenching. The glass‐ceramics showed a microstructure of irregular‐shaped ZrO2 micro‐aggregates embedded in an amorphous SiO2 matrix, with lamellar twins and lattice defects formed within ZrO2 crystals. For samples prepared at ∼3000°C, a liquid‐liquid phase separation occurred in the melt, which eventually resulted in the formation of large and irregular‐shaped ZrO2 aggregates. In comparison, for samples prepared at ∼2000°C, pre‐existed ZrO2 crystals formed during heating acted as nucleation sites during the cooling process, followed by grain growth to form large ZrO2 aggregates. Solidification and microstructure formation mechanisms were proposed to elucidate the solidification process during rapid cooling and the microstructure of the glass‐ceramics obtained.
The European Summit: A Critical Space for the Development of British‐Irish Intergovernmentalism
Authors: Litter Darren 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe European summit is where the national representatives of European Union (EU) member states have their say on policy issues. It has also been posited, however, that its ‘margins’ are advantageous to the achievement of bilateral as well as EU consensus. This article uses the British‐Irish relationship and the insights of British and Irish elite interviewees like Bertie Ahern, Sir John Holmes and Lord Robin Butler to demonstrate this function. Using a novel intergovernmental lens, it shows that not only was the European summit beneficial to this relationship but also it was integral to its transformation, in addition to the key 1985–1998 negotiation phases. The article is relevant to the Brexit context, substantiating the view that it will cause a deficit in the British‐Irish relationship. It also serves as a basis for expanded study of the European summit space, and its dynamic contribution to strengthened relationships amongst EU member states.