bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How does Internationalisation affect the productivity of R&D activities in large innovative firms? A conditional nonparametric investigation
Authors: Laurens Patricia , Toma Pierluigi , Schoen Antoine , Daraio Cinzia , Larédo Philippe 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis work explores the relationship between multinational R&D and innovation productivity among top corporate knowledge and R&D producers by adopting a twofold concept of internationalisation: (1) the firm’s degree of R&D internationalisation, and (2) the firm’s geographic diversification. We model the patent production process with an appropriate and robust conditional Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) estimator, using a unique database of firms that matches financial indicators and patent information. Our results reinforce the fundamental role of internationalisation in the knowledge production process when the internationalisation process is properly and strategically managed. We interpret our empirical evidence through the theoretical lens of the learning theory of internationalisation, and we postulate that a high R&D intensity is a key driver to overcoming the challenges of internationalisation.
Quantum service-oriented computing: current landscape and challenges
Authors: Moguel Enrique , Rojo Javier , Valencia David , Berrocal Javier , Garcia-Alonso Jose , Murillo Juan M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe development that quantum computing technologies are achieving is beginning to attract the interest of companies that could potentially be users of quantum software. Thus, it is perfectly feasible that during the next few years hybrid systems will start to appear integrating both the classical software systems of companies and new quantum ones providing solutions to problems that still remain unmanageable today. A natural way to support such integration is Service-Oriented Computing. While conceptually the invocation of a quantum software service is similar to that of a classical one, technically there are many differences and technological limitations, which refer to platform independence, decoupling, scalability, etc. To highlight these differences and the difficulties to develop quality quantum services, this paper takes a well-known problem to which a quantum solution can be provided, integer factorization, making use of the Amazon Braket quantum service platform. The exercise of trying to provide the factorization as a quantum service is carried out following the best practices, design patterns and standards existing in the implementation of classical services. This case study is used to highlight the rough edges and limitations that arise in the integration of classical-quantum hybrid systems using service-oriented computing. The conclusion of the study allows us to point out directions in which to focus research efforts in order to achieve effective quantum service-oriented computing.
Interlaboratory Reproducibility of Contour Method Data in a High Strength Aluminum Alloy
Authors: D’Elia C. R. , Carlone P. , Dyer J. W. , Lévesque J. B. , de Oliveira J. Araújo , Prime M. B. , Roy M. J. , Spradlin T. J. , Stilwell R. , Tucci F. , Vasileiou A. N. , Watanable B. T. , Hill M. R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The contour method for residual stress measurement has seen significant development, but an experimental reproducibility study utilizing physical samples has not been published.

Objective
A double-blind reproducibly study is reported, having scope beginning with EDM cutting and ending with residual stress calculation.

Methods
A reinforced I-beam sample geometry is identified for its unique residual stress profile when extracted from residual stress bearing quenched aluminum bar (7050-T74). Contour measurements are prescribed on a midplane of symmetry with dimensions 24.0 mm by 50.0 mm. Fourteen identically prepared samples are fabricated from a single long bar with well characterized and uniform residual stress. Five samples throughout the bar are identified for planning measurements to validate sample uniformity and overall suitability of the residual stress field. The planning measurements employ a range of techniques: contour method, neutron diffraction, and hole-drilling. Eight samples are distributed to an international group of participants to execute their standard measurement practice. A double-blind process is followed to provide anonymity.

Results
Results are provided by eight participants: six being self-similar and two being quite different, the latter set aside as outliers. An average residual stress field is established from non-outlying results and the spatial distribution of reproducibility standard deviation is determined. The average stress field ranges from -60 to 70 MPa and the reproducibility standard deviation averages 8.1 MPa on the measurement plane. The average reproducibility standard deviation is about 3 × larger for points within 1.0 mm of plane boundaries (17.6 MPa) than for the remaining points (6.1 MPa).

Conclusions
Reproducibility standard deviation (among different labs) for contour method residual stress measurement is found to be very similar to repeatability standard deviation (in a single lab) reported in prior work. The reproducibility observed here, for the entire measurement process, is also similar to that found in a prior reproducibility study limited to contour method data analysis.
Being Empowered or Feeling Like a Pawn?
Authors: Dzida Angela , Schmuck David , Sieberer Ulrich 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGovernments often reallocate administrative units among ministries to meet parties’ office and policy demands or to increase political control over the bureaucracy. How do such reforms affect the work motivation and performance of ministerial bureaucrats? Based on self-determination theory, this paper expects detrimental effects on bureaucrats’ ability to meet the basic psychological needs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness, which should reduce work motivation. This negative effect should be weaker when bureaucrats perceive a substantive rationale and long-term benefits of the reform compared to changes perceived as driven solely by party-political goals. We find support for these expectations in interviews with top-level ministerial bureaucrats in Germany working in two policy areas (public construction and consumer protection) that were frequently reallocated between ministries. The study shows that organizational change also affects work motivation among top-level bureaucrats and has broader implications for understanding civil servants’ motivations and performance as well as unintended consequences of public sector reforms.
A Kinetic Model for Precipitation of TiN Inclusions From Both Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Nucleation During Solidification of Steel
Authors: Shu Qifeng , Visuri Ville-Valtteri , Alatarvas Tuomas , Fabritius Timo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Complex TiN + oxide inclusions which nucleate and grow on the surface of the primary oxide inclusions, e.g. MgO, have been frequently observed in various steel grades after solidification. To describe the precipitation kinetics of TiN and TiN + MgO inclusions, a model accounting for both heterogeneous and homogeneous nucleation was proposed in this work. The model was validated by employing the literature data, and good agreement has been achieved between experimental data and calculation data. The influence of nitrogen and titanium concentrations, the interfacial tension between TiN and steel, cooling rate, and size distribution of primary oxides on the size distribution of TiN and TiN + MgO inclusions were investigated by the model calculations. It was found that nitrogen and titanium concentrations, the interfacial tension between TiN and steel, and the number density of primary MgO inclusions have an impact on the final size distributions of TiN and TiN + MgO inclusions. In contrast, the effects of cooling rate and size of MgO inclusions on the final inclusion size distribution are negligible. The large interfacial tension between TiN and steel would suppress the homogeneous nucleation and is favorable to heterogeneous nucleation. The increase of the number density of primary MgO can significantly suppress the homogeneous nucleation and reduce the size of TiN + MgO inclusions. The present model can be extended to describe the heterogeneous precipitation of other complex inclusions providing that the secondary inclusion has a low lattice mismatch with the primary inclusion. Combining the present model with our previous model for the size distribution of primary inclusions, the size distribution of inclusions in solidified steel can be well described and controlled.
The role of general practitioners in the work guidance of cancer patients: views of general practitioners and occupational physicians
Authors: Sarfo Marie-Christine , Bertels Lucinda , Frings-Dresen Monique H. W. , de Jong Femke , Blankenstein Annette H. , van Asselt Kristel M. , de Boer Angela G. E. M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose

To explore views of general practitioners (GPs) and occupational physicians (OPs) on the role of GPs in work guidance of cancer patients.

Methods
Between 2016 and 2019, two focus groups with GPs (N = 17) and two focus groups with OPs (N = 10) were conducted. Focus group discussions were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were analysed by data-driven analysis.

Results
GPs generally indicated that they inquire about patients’ occupations but do not structurally document these. GPs described offering support and advice to patients regarding their work, while other GPs stated they do not interfere with their patients’ work or return to work (RTW) process.
In general, GPs stated that they do not aspire a professional role in the work guidance of patients, due to lack of expertise and not having sufficient knowledge in work regulations and legislation. In contrast, OPs anticipated a proactive role from GPs concerning work guidance in cancer patients, and they expected GPs to refer cancer patients to the OP, when required. Moreover, they emphasised the importance of communication between GPs and OPs about patients’ work-related problems to achieve common goals.

Conclusions
GPs can contribute to cancer patients’ RTW process by supporting patients, giving advice and providing referral to other health professionals. Better cooperation between GPs and OPs may improve work guidance in cancer patients.

Implications for Cancer Survivors
When cancer patients with work-related issues get appropriate advice and support from GPs and referred in time to OPs, the RTW process and staying at work of cancer patients may be positively affected.
Power-Posing Robots: The Influence of a Humanoid Robot’s Posture and Size on its Perceived Dominance, Competence, Eeriness, and Threat
Authors: Stein Jan-Philipp , Cimander Paula , Appel Markus 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhen interacting with sophisticated digital technologies, people often fall back on the same interaction scripts they apply to the communication with other humans—especially if the technology in question provides strong anthropomorphic cues (e.g., a human-like embodiment). Accordingly, research indicates that observers tend to interpret the body language of social robots in the same way as they would with another human being. Backed by initial evidence, we assumed that a humanoid robot will be considered as more dominant and competent, but also as more eerie and threatening once it strikes a so-called power pose. Moreover, we pursued the research question whether these effects might be accentuated by the robot’s body size. To this end, the current study presented 204 participants with pictures of the robot NAO in different poses (expansive vs. constrictive), while also manipulating its height (child-sized vs. adult-sized). Our results show that NAO’s posture indeed exerted strong effects on perceptions of dominance and competence. Conversely, participants’ threat and eeriness ratings remained statistically independent of the robot’s depicted body language. Further, we found that the machine’s size did not affect any of the measured interpersonal perceptions in a notable way. The study findings are discussed considering limitations and future research directions.
The Impacts of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) on Mindfulness and Well-being for Regular and Novice Meditators
Authors: Ito Yasushi , Browne Cheryl A. , Yamamoto Kazumi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
As mindfulness practices become mainstream, it is increasingly common for participants in mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) to have previous meditation experience. The primary aim of this study was to assess whether the impacts of a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program on a variety of self-report measures differed for novice meditators (NM) and regular meditators (RM).

Methods
A total of 158 Japanese participants in 10 cohorts completed questionnaires before and after an 8-week community-based MBSR program. The questionnaire consisted of Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), Total Mood Disturbance (TMD) from Profile of Mood States 2, Mental Component Summary (MCS) and Physical Component Summary (PCS) of the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (2nd version), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Baseline scores and pre-post change scores were compared for RM (participants who had reported meditating ≥ 45 min/week prior to MBSR) and NM (< 45 min/week).

Results
At baseline, RM (38.0% of the sample) had significantly higher scores than NM on FFMQ, SCS, and MCS, and lower scores on TMD and PSS (i.e., less mood disturbance and less stress). Post-program, both groups showed significant improvements in all measures except PCS, with NM’s post-MBSR scores comparable to RM’s baseline scores. A significant Group (NM vs. RM) × Time (pre- vs. post-) interaction was observed only for FFMQ.

Conclusions
Regular meditators, who show greater self-compassion and better mental health than novice meditators at baseline, can benefit from MBSR to a similar extent in measures of self-compassion and other aspects of well-being.
Phylogenetic and functional diversity of Chrysophyceae in inland waters
Authors: Bock Christina , Olefeld Jana L. , Vogt Janina C. , Albach Dirk C. , Boenigk Jens 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChrysophyceae are a diverse group of planktonic protists widely distributed in freshwater. They encompass a variety of orders, whereby heterotrophy has evolved independently in several phylogenetic lineages. Therefore, closely related taxa evolved that developed different feeding strategies (photo-, mixo-, heterotrophy). In high-throughput sequencing studies, the Chrysophyceae were usually addressed as a group rather than split in individual phylogenetic orders. Also because of the close relationship of the distinct nutritional strategies, no functional statements were made about nutritional patterns. Based on an extensive phylogenetic tree and phylogenetic placement, we link OTU diversity of Chrysophyceae from 218 freshwater lakes with phylogenetic affiliations. This provides information on the relative importance of lineages affiliated with different nutrition modes. Our study demonstrates that Chrysophyceae are one of the most common groups in freshwaters. We found Chrysophyceae in 213 out of 218 sample sites across Europe and in several sites they belong to the most commonly retrieved taxa. Ochromonadales and a Chrysosacca-Apoikiida clade (including Apoikiida, Chrysosaccales, Chrysastrella) are the most widespread Chrysophyceae groups and show a high degree of OTU diversity. Most detected and assignable OTUs were affiliated with mixotrophic Chrysophyceae. Niche width differs only slightly between members of different clades and between the different trophic modes. We found several OTUs within the Ochromonadales, Synurales, and Chrysosacca-Apoikiida clade, that show a wide distribution and large tolerance ranges concerning ecophysiological factors.
Theory-inspired machine learning—towards a synergy between knowledge and data
Authors: Hoffer Johannes G. , Ofner Andreas B. , Rohrhofer Franz M. , Lovrić Mario , Kern Roman , Lindstaedt Stefanie , Geiger Bernhard C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMost engineering domains abound with models derived from first principles that have beenproven to be effective for decades. These models are not only a valuable source of knowledge, but they also form the basis of simulations. The recent trend of digitization has complemented these models with data in all forms and variants, such as process monitoring time series, measured material characteristics, and stored production parameters. Theory-inspired machine learning combines the available models and data, reaping the benefits of established knowledge and the capabilities of modern, data-driven approaches. Compared to purely physics- or purely data-driven models, the models resulting from theory-inspired machine learning are often more accurate and less complex, extrapolate better, or allow faster model training or inference. In this short survey, we introduce and discuss several prominent approaches to theory-inspired machine learning and show how they were applied in the fields of welding, joining, additive manufacturing, and metal forming.
A qualitative exploration of the facilitators and barriers to self-management in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Memory Katherine E. , Wilkinson Thomas J. , Smith Alice C. , Lightfoot Courtney J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Understanding the behaviours that facilitate or impede one’s ability to self-manage is important to improve health-related outcomes in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Previous studies exploring the self-management experiences of KTRs have focused on specific tasks (e.g., medication adherence), age groups (e.g., adolescent or older recipients), or have been conducted outside of the UK where transferability of findings is unknown. Our study aimed to explore the perceptions and experiences of self-management in UK KTRs to identify facilitators and barriers associated with self-management tasks.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eleven KTRs. Topics explored included experiences of self-management tasks (diet, exercise, medications, stress management), perceived healthcare role, and future interventional approaches. Thematic analysis was used to identify and report themes.

Results
Eight themes were identified which were mapped onto the three self-management tasks described by Corbin and Strauss: medical, role and emotional management. Perceived facilitators to self-management were: gathering health-related knowledge, building relationships with healthcare professionals, creating routines within daily life, setting goals and identifying motivators, establishing support networks, and support from family and friends. Complexity of required treatment and adjusting to a new health status were perceived barriers to self-management.

Conclusions
Participants described the importance of collaborative consultations and continuity of care. Tailored interventions should identify individualised goals and motivators for participating in self-management. Education on effective strategies to manage symptoms and comorbidities could help alleviate KTRs’ perceived treatment burden. Family and peer support could emotionally support KTRs; however, managing the emotional burden of transplantation warrants more attention.

Graphic abstract
Durchführung von digitalen Arbeitssituationsanalysen für die mobil-flexible Arbeit zur Erhebung von psychischen Belastungsfolgen
Authors: Bölsch-Peterka Ronja , Krowicki Martin , Schmidtke Aliena , Böckelmann Irina 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungHintergrundIm Zuge der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie wurde die Arbeit in vielen Betrieben nach Hause verlagert und innerhalb kurzer Zeit hat sich die Arbeitssituation der Beschäftigten schnell verändert. Um mögliche Belastungen zu identifizieren und gesundheitliche Ressourcen auszubauen, sind fundierte Analysen der Arbeitssituation notwendig.Ziel der ArbeitZiel dieser Arbeit war es, auch in Zeiten mit Kontaktbeschränkungen, fundierte Analysen im Bereich des Betrieblichen Gesundheitsmanagements anzubieten. Mithilfe von digitalen Arbeitssituationsanalysen (ASITA) sollte die Homeoffice-Tätigkeit in einer öffentlichen Verwaltung erfasst und Handlungsempfehlungen abgeleitet werden.Material und MethodenMittels digitaler ASITAs wurden 3 Gruppen (16 Beschäftigte) zu ihrer Arbeitssituation im Homeoffice befragt. Eingeschlossen wurden Beschäftigte, die innerhalb der letzten 12 Wochen vor der Befragung an mindestens 2 Tagen pro Woche im Homeoffice gearbeitet haben.ErgebnisseDas Arbeiten im Homeoffice stellt Anforderungen an die Beschäftigten, die wiederum positive als auch negative Beanspruchungsfolgen mit sich bringen. Aufseiten der Arbeitsorganisation ergaben sich individuelle Vorteile, wie der Wegfall von Arbeitswegen oder eine bessere Zeiteinteilung. Hinsichtlich der Kommunikation im Unternehmen fehlten klare Strukturen zur Arbeit im Homeoffice.DiskussionDigitale ASITAs können ein aussagekräftiges Instrument sein, um gesundheitliche Belastungen und Ressourcen auch in Unternehmen mit mobil-flexiblen Arbeitsmodellen zu untersuchen. Wie am Beispiel der Pandemie gezeigt, bedingt ein Wandel der Arbeitssituation einen kontinuierlichen Reflexionsprozess, bei dem die Gesundheit der Beschäftigten eine wesentliche Säule sein muss.
Characterization of the Myometrial Transcriptome of Long Non-coding RNA Genes in Human Labor by High-Throughput RNA-seq
Authors: Luo Yihong , Cui Long , Chen Lina , Wang Lele , Ji Kaiyuan , Liu Huishu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe contraction of myometrium is pivotal in expelling the fetus and placenta during labor, but the specific mechanism of myometrium changing from quiescent to a contractile state is still unclear. Previous studies have shown that changes in certain genes or proteins are related to the regulation of myometrial contraction, which are considered to be contraction-associated genes. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized as important molecular players in regulating gene expression and many biological processes, but their roles in the rhythmic contraction of myometrial cells during labor remain to be explored. This study aimed to reveal the differentially expressed lncRNAs in the human myometrium of non-labor (NL, n = 9) and in-labor (IL, n = 9). Furthermore, bioinformatic analysis of lncRNA targeted mRNAs was performed to explore the biological processes and pathway alterations during labor. The results showed a total of 112 significantly differentially expressed lncRNAs between two groups were identified, of which 69 were upregulated and 43 were downregulated in IL group, compared with NL group. In addition, the enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) and pathways showed that the lncRNAs corresponding targeted mRNAs were associated with mRNA splicing, splicesome, ferroptosis, FGFR and NOTCH signaling pathways. Our study constitutes the first report on investigating the gene expression landscape and regulatory mechanism of lncRNAs within laboring and non-laboring myometrium using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and bioinformatic analysis. This study provided high-throughput information on the lncRNA in the myometrium of women in labor and those not in labor, to discover novel lncRNA candidates and potential biological pathways involved in human parturition.