bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of extracorporeal cytokine adsorption on hemodynamics in severe acute pancreatitis: Results of the matched cohort pancreatitis cytosorbents inflammatory cytokine removal (PACIFIC) study
Authors: Rasch Sebastian , Sancak Sengül , Erber Johanna , Wießner Johannes , Schulz Dominik , Huberle Christina , Algül Hana , Schmid Roland M. , Lahmer Tobias 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundOutcome of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) highly depends on the degree of systemic inflammation and organ failure. Although treatment approaches targeting the inflammatory cascade have failed in pancreatitis, recent studies suggest that extracorporeal cytokine adsorption effectively reduces concentrations of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and potentially improves the outcome of sepsis.MethodsSixteen patients with SAP, presenting within 7 days upon onset of pain, an APACHE‐II score of ≥10 and ≥1 marker of poor prognosis, received 2 consecutive 24‐h treatments with CytoSorb® extracorporeal cytokine adsorption (intervention group). Hemodynamics, organ failure, and mortality were compared with an APACHE‐II score‐matched retrospective control group of 32 patients.ResultsThe primary objective (20% decrease in the vasopressor dependency index or 20% increase in the cardiac index) was reached in 68.8% of the intervention and 28.1% of the control patients (p = 0.007), respectively. The cytokine adsorption significantly reduced IL‐6 (−1998 pg/ml, p = 0.005) serum levels and resulted in stable CRP (p = 0.101) and decreased PCT (p = 0.003) levels in contrast to increased CRP (p = 0.014) and stable PCT levels (p = 0.695) in the control group. While mortality and improvement of respiratory failure were similar in both groups, renal failure significantly improved (change of KDIGO classification 72 h postcytokine adsorption [−1 vs. 0, p = 0.005]) and the SOFA score significantly decreased (day 5: −1.8 ± 2.0 vs. 1 ± 3.8, p = 0.013) in the intervention group.ConclusionCytokine adsorption might be an effective treatment option to stabilize hemodynamics in SAP. It decreases levels of the pro‐inflammatory marker IL‐6 and stabilizes organ function according to serial SOFA score assessments.
Chest X‐rays are less sensitive than multiple breath washout examinations when it comes to detecting early cystic fibrosis lung disease
Authors: Svedberg Marcus , Imberg Henrik , Gustafsson Per , Brink Mela , Caisander Håkan , Lindblad Anders 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimAnnual chest X‐ray is recommended as routine surveillance to track cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical utility of chest X‐rays to track CF lung disease.MethodsChildren at Gothenburg's CF centre who underwent chest X‐rays, multiple breath washouts and chest computed tomography examinations between 1996 and 2016 were included in the study. Chest X‐rays were interpreted with Northern Score (NS). We compared NS to lung clearance index (LCI) and structural lung damage measured by computed tomography using a logistic regression model.ResultsA total of 75 children were included over a median period of 13 years (range: 3.0‐18.0 years). The proportion of children with abnormal NS was significantly lower than the proportion of abnormal LCI up to the age of 4 years (p < 0.05). A normal NS and a normal LCI at age 6 years were associated with a median (10‐90th percentile) total airway disease of 1.8% (0.4‐4.7%) and bronchiectasis of 0.2% (0.0‐1.5%).ConclusionChest X‐rays were less sensitive than multiple breath washout examinations to detect early CF lung disease. The combined results from both methods can be used as an indicator to perform chest computed tomography less frequently.
Fewer maternal depression symptoms after the Close Collaboration with Parents intervention: Two‐year follow‐up
Authors: Ahlqvist‐Björkroth Sari , Axelin Anna , Setänen Sirkku , Huhtala Mira , Korja Riikka , Pape Bernd , Lehtonen Liisa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTo test whether the implementation of the Close Collaboration with Parents intervention at a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) decreases depression symptoms of mothers up to two years after the delivery of preterm infants.MethodsWe used a non‐equivalent two‐group design, comparing mothers of very low birthweight infants in the same NICU before (2001–2006) and after (2011–215) the intervention. The unit carried out the educational intervention (2009–2012) that was targeted at its healthcare team and aimed to improve their skills to collaborate with parents. Maternal depression symptoms were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) six months and two years after the expected birth date of the infant.ResultsWe found a median difference of 2.56 (95% CI from 1.64 to 3.48) in EPDS at the two‐year follow‐up between the pre‐intervention and post‐intervention groups, p < 0.001. Furthermore, we found no interaction between measurement time‐points and group, implying that the intervention effect on maternal depression symptoms was similar at the six‐month and two‐year time‐points.ConclusionThe intervention seems to have long‐term preventive effects on maternal depressive symptoms. This effect is of clinical significance as prolonged maternal depression associates with adverse child outcomes.
Prevalence and risk factors of discomfort in infants with severe bronchiolitis
Authors: Leboucher Justine , Milési Christophe , Fumagalli Alice , Wroblewski Isabelle , Debillon Thierry , Mortamet Guillaume 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of discomfort in infants with severe bronchiolitis supported by noninvasive ventilation and to identify its potential risk factors.MethodsA single‐centre retrospective observational study. Discomfort was assessed using the EDIN (Echelle de Douleur et d'Inconfort du Nouveau‐né) scale.ResultsNinety‐one infants (median age 34 days [Interquartile IQR 19–55], 52 (57%) boys) were included in our study. Overall, no patient had a mean EDIN score higher than 8 on Days 1, 2 and 3. On Days 1 and 2, patients supported by bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) had a higher EDIN score compared with other patients (3.3 [SD 2.5] versus 2.6 [SD 2.2] on Day 1 and 2.9 (SD 2.1) versus 2.3 (SD 2.2) on Day 2, both p < 0.001).ConclusionPatients with severe bronchiolitis and supported by any type of noninvasive ventilation had a low degree of discomfort during the first 3 days of ICU stay. Patients requiring bilevel noninvasive ventilation appeared to have a higher degree of discomfort, while we found no correlation between the level of discomfort and the degree of respiratory distress.
Neuromuscular recruitment strategies of the vastus lateralis according to sex
Authors: Guo Yuxiao , Jones Eleanor J. , Inns Thomas B. , Ely Isabel A. , Stashuk Daniel W. , Wilkinson Daniel J. , Smith Kenneth , Piasecki Jessica , Phillips Bethan E. , Atherton Philip J. , Piasecki Mathew 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimDespite males typically exhibiting greater muscle strength and fatigability than females, it remains unclear if there are sex‐based differences in neuromuscular recruitment strategies e.g. recruitment and modulation of motor unit firing rate (MU FR) at normalized forces and during progressive increases in force.MethodsThe study includes 29 healthy male and 31 healthy female participants (18‐35 years). Intramuscular electromyography (iEMG) was used to record individual motor unit potentials (MUPs) and near‐fibre MUPs from the vastus lateralis (VL) during 10% and 25% maximum isometric voluntary contractions (MVC), and spike‐triggered averaging was used to obtain motor unit number estimates (MUNE) of the VL.ResultsMales exhibited greater muscle strength (P < .001) and size (P < .001) than females, with no difference in force steadiness at 10% or 25% MVC. Females had 8.4% and 6.5% higher FR at 10% and 25% MVC, respectively (both P < .03), while the MUP area was 33% smaller in females at 10% MVC (P < .02) and 26% smaller at 25% MVC (P = .062). However, both sexes showed similar increases in MU size and FR when moving from low‐ to mid‐level contractions. There were no sex differences in any near‐fibre MUP parameters or in MUNE.ConclusionIn the vastus lateralis, females produce muscle force via different neuromuscular recruitment strategies to males which is characterized by smaller MUs discharging at higher rates. However, similar strategies are employed to increase force production from low‐ to mid‐level contractions. These findings of similar proportional increases between sexes support the use of mixed sex cohorts in studies of this nature.
Review article: post‐TIPSS hepatic encephalopathy—current knowledge and future perspectives
Authors: Gairing Simon Johannes , Müller Lukas , Kloeckner Roman , Galle Peter R. , Labenz Christian 
Published: February 2022

SummaryBackgroundIn light of the global rise in the burden of chronic liver diseases and liver cirrhosis, the number of patients suffering from decompensation events is expected to increase. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPSS) provide effective long‐term symptom control and may prolong transplant‐free survival in portal hypertension‐driven recurrent ascites and variceal bleeding. New‐onset or recurrent hepatic encephalopathy (HE) after TIPSS insertion (post‐TIPSS HE) represents the most severe post‐interventional complication.AimsTo provide insight into the epidemiology and risk factors for post‐TIPSS HE and scrutinize the current state of the art in treatment and drug therapy options.MethodsWe conducted a literature search on post‐TIPSS HE in patients with liver cirrhosis.ResultsPost‐TIPSS HE occurs in up to 54.5% of cases and particularly early recurrent HE is associated with a dismal prognosis. In recent years, several risk factors for the development of post‐TIPSS HE have been identified. These include not only parameters reflecting liver function (model for end‐stage liver disease score/Child‐Pugh score) as well as cognitive dysfunction caused by minimal HE but also extrahepatic factors such as sarcopenia and common medications such as proton pump inhibitors. In addition, new data on the benefit of rifaximin and of smaller stent grafts emerged and may improve the prevention of post‐TIPSS HE.ConclusionsCareful selection of TIPSS candidates is of utmost importance to reduce the risk of post‐TIPSS HE. In this narrative review, we provide a concise overview of the current epidemiology and risk factors of the treatment options for post‐TIPSS HE.
Joint Gene Network Construction by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Data
Authors: Dong Meichen , He Yiping , Jiang Yuchao , Zou Fei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In contrast to differential gene expression analysis at the single-gene level, gene regulatory network (GRN) analysis depicts complex transcriptomic interactions among genes for better understandings of underlying genetic architectures of human diseases and traits. Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) allow constructing GRNs at a much finer resolution than bulk RNA-seq and microarray data. However, scRNA-seq data are inherently sparse, which hinders the direct application of the popular Gaussian graphical models (GGMs). Furthermore, most existing approaches for constructing GRNs with scRNA-seq data only consider gene networks under one condition. To better understand GRNs across different but related conditions at single-cell resolution, we propose to construct Joint Gene Networks with scRNA-seq data (JGNsc) under the GGMs framework. To facilitate the use of GGMs, JGNsc first proposes a hybrid imputation procedure that combines a Bayesian zero-inflated Poisson model with an iterative low-rank matrix completion step to efficiently impute zero-inflated counts resulted from technical artifacts. JGNsc then transforms the imputed data via a nonparanormal transformation, based on which joint GGMs are constructed. We demonstrate JGNsc and assess its performance using synthetic data. The application of JGNsc on two cancer clinical studies of medulloblastoma and glioblastoma gains novel insights in addition to confirming well-known biological results.
An exploration of instructors' and students' perspectives on remote delivery of courses during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Chen Victoria , Sandford Adam , LaGrone Matthew , Charbonneau Kayla , Kong Jessica , Ragavaloo Shenoa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe world‐wide pivot to remote learning due to the exogenous shocks of COVID‐19 across educational institutions has presented unique challenges and opportunities. This study documents the lived experiences of instructors and students and recommends emerging pathways for teaching and learning strategies post‐pandemic. Seventy‐one instructors and 122 students completed online surveys containing closed and open‐ended questions. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted, including frequencies, chi‐square tests, Welch Two‐Samples t‐tests, and thematic analyses. The results demonstrated that with effective online tools, remote learning could replicate key components of content delivery, activities, assessments, and virtual proctored exams. However, instructors and students did not want in‐person learning to disappear and recommended flexibility by combining learning opportunities in in‐person, online, and asynchronous course deliveries according to personal preferences. The paper concludes with future directions and how the findings influenced our planning for Fall 2021 delivery. The video abstract for this article is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F48KBg_d8AE.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT) allowed institutions across the world to continue teaching and learning at all levels of education during the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, this form of delivery, created under conditions of uncertainty, was developed out of an urgency to keep education going rather than maintaining it at the same level.

What this paper adds

This study comes after ERT, and is situated between ERT and the return to campus, with some social distancing restrictions still active, in a delivery method widely viewed as “remote delivery”.

This is a case study of an entire Canadian higher education institution that implemented remote learning for over one full academic year, documenting and examining instructors' and students' experiences and challenges of the remote learning course delivery format.

Quantitative and qualitative data were collected to provide a holistic overview of instructors' and students' experiences of delivery method and assessments including the use of face‐tracking proctoring software.

Implications for practice and/or policy

Compared to ERT, remote delivery was a thoughtful and deliberate way to transform in‐person courses into virtual learning experiences.

Instructors and students were able to successfully replicate many features of in‐person learning and assessments experiences in remote delivery of courses by using effective online tools to teach and learn.

As a result, instructors and students called for the use of elements of remote delivery to create more flexible learning opportunities by combining in‐person, live streaming, and asynchronous learning options.
The ester derivatives obtained by C‐ring modification of podophyllotoxin‐induced apoptosis and inhibited proliferation in Hemangioma Endothelial Cells via downregulation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway
Authors: Zhao Yan , Li Danyao , Han Yun , Wang Haohao , Du Rui , Yan Zhaowei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInfantile hemangioma (IH) is a common benign endothelial cell tumor in infants and young children, sometimes accompanied by potential complications, and may develop into malignant tumors. Hemangioma endothelial cells (HemECs) are one of the main components of IH. Podophyllotoxin (PPT) has been reported to have many pharmacological activities, especially anti‐tumor, but its high toxicity, poor water solubility, and serious gastrointestinal side effects limit its clinical application. In this study, we have designed and synthesized 20 ester derivatives by introducing Boc‐amino acids or organic acids at the C‐4 position of podophyllotoxin through esterification reactions. The cytotoxicity of these compounds was evaluated on HemECs. Changes in cell proliferation and apoptotic signaling pathways were studied by DAPI staining, colony formation assay, migration assay, measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels flow cytometry, and Western blot analysis. We found that eight of the compounds were more potent than PPT. Of these, compound V‐31 was the most active (IC50 = 0.079 ± 0.0049 µM). Further research indicated that compound V‐31 inhibited its proliferation and migration, increased the level of ROS in cells, and induced apoptosis by downregulating p‐PI3K, p‐Akt, and Bcl‐2, and upregulating cleaved caspase‐3 and Bax. Our research provides the first insight into the application of PPT derivatives in HemECs, may provide an effective medicine for IH treatment.
Gene profiling reveals a contact allergy signature in most positive Amerchol L‐101 patch test reactions
Authors: Ljungberg Silic Linda , Lefevre Marine‐Alexia , Bergendorff Ola , De Bernard Simon , Nourikyan Julien , Buffat Laurent , Nosbaum Audrey , Bruze Magnus , Nicolas Jean‐François , Svedman Cecilia , Vocanson Marc 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundDiagnosis of contact allergy (CA) to Amerchol L‐101 (AL‐101), a marker for lanolin allergy, is problematic. Positive patch test reactions are frequently doubtful or weakly positive and difficult to associate with clinical relevance.ObjectiveTo gain further insight on the allergic or irritant nature of skin reactions induced by AL‐101 patch test.MethodsWe re‐tested in a dose–response fashion, 10 subjects with AL‐101 CA and performed comprehensive transcriptomic analysis (gene arrays, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction [qRT‐PCR]) of samples of their skin reactions.ResultsEight of the 10 CA subjects reacted positively upon re‐test, whereas two did not react. Most of AL‐101 positive patch tests expressed an allergy signature with strong activation of gene modules associated with adaptive immunity and downregulation of cornification pathway genes. In addition, the breadth of gene modulation correlated with the magnitude of patch test reactions and the concentration of AL‐101 applied. However, we observed that some of the positive patch test reactions to AL‐101 expressed no/few allergy biomarkers, suggesting the induction of an irritant skin inflammation in these samples.ConclusionsThis study confirms that AL‐101 is an allergen that can cause both contact allergy and contact irritation. Our results also highlight that molecular profiling might help to strengthen clinical diagnosis.
COVID‐19 vaccine acceptability among people in Australia who inject drugs: Update from the 2021 Illicit Drug Reporting System interviews
Authors: Price Olivia , Dietze Paul M. , Maher Lisa , Crawford Sione , Peacock Amy 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPeople who inject drugs may be at higher risk of COVID‐19 transmission and more severe negative health outcomes following COVID‐19 infection. Early research on hypothetical COVID‐19 vaccines suggests this population may be less likely to accept vaccination. This commentary extends this research by presenting vaccine intention data from Illicit Drug Reporting System interviews conducted in June–July 2021, in the early stages of vaccine rollout, with people in Australia who inject drugs (N = 888). Half the sample (48%, n = 419) reported that they were hesitant to receive the COVID‐19 vaccine, with key barriers relating to vaccine safety and side effect concerns. This level of hesitancy is substantially higher than that of the general population at a similar time. While we note that the subsequent Delta variant‐driven third wave of cases in Australia and efforts to increase population vaccination coverage may have altered intent in this group, this level of hesitancy warrants a targeted strategy to mitigate vaccine‐related concerns and maximise uptake. Ideally, this should comprise an inclusive health response that is peer‐led, with peer‐based organisations ideally positioned to direct immunisation service delivery and provide vaccine‐related messaging.
Dispersal models alert on the risk of non‐native species introduction by Ballast water in protected areas from the Western Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Dulière Valérie , Guillaumot Charlène , Lacroix Geneviève , Saucède Thomas , López‐Farran Zambra , Danis Bruno , Schön Isa , Baetens Katrijn 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimThe Western Antarctic Peninsula is challenged by climate change and increasing maritime traffic that together facilitate the introduction of marine non‐native species from warmer regions neighbouring the Southern Ocean. Ballast water exchange has been frequently reported as an introduction vector. This study uses a Lagrangian approach to model the passive drift of virtual propagules departing from Ballast water hypothetic exchange zones, at contrasting distances from the coasts.LocationWestern Antarctic Peninsula.MethodsVirtual propagules were released over the 2008–2016 period and at three distances from the nearest coasts: 200 (convention for the management of Ballast Water, 2004), 50 or 11 nautical miles (NM).ResultsResults show that exchanging Ballast water at 200 NM considerably reduces the arrival of propagules in proposed marine protected areas of the western side of the Antarctic Peninsula. On the eastern side, propagules can reach north‐eastern marine protected areas within a few days due to strong currents for all tested scenarios. Seasonal and yearly variations indicate that exceptional climate events could influence the trajectory of particles in the region. Ballast water should be exchanged at least 200 NM offshore on the western side of the Antarctic Peninsula and avoided on the eastern side to limit particle arrival in proposed marine protected areas. Focusing on Deception Island, our results suggested that the Patagonian crab (Halicarcinus planatus) observed in 2010 could have been introduced in case of Ballast water exchange at 50 NM or less from the coast.Main conclusionsThis study highlights the importance of respecting Ballast water exchange convention to limit the risk of non‐native species introduction. Ballast water exchange should be operated at least at 200 NM from the coasts, which further limits particle arrival in shallow water areas. This is especially important in the context of a more visited and warmer Southern Ocean.