bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing Ventilator Alarms Through Decreased Rainout in Ventilator Circuits: A Bench Study
Authors: Bayoro Danielle , Meyer Matthew , Healy Daniel , Groepenhoff Herman , Waldmann Andreas , Rose Edward A. , Pedro Michael J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background:Alarm fatigue is a significant problem in healthcare, particularly in high acuity settings such as intensive care, surgery, and emergency departments. Alarms are triggered by various devices such as anesthesia machines, ventilators, patient monitors or humidifiers. Heated humidifiers (HH) used with mechanical ventilators, while necessary to prevent other complications associated with mechanical ventilator, may cause condensation in the ventilator circuit, prompting occlusion alarms indicating a risk for the patient. Technological advances in heated humidifier (HH) circuits may reduce rainout and therefore occlusion alarms. Methods:Bench experiments measured alarms and rainout of two commercially available humidifiers (AirLife DuoTherm™ and Fisher & Paykel MR850) and four different pediatric and adult patient’s breathing. The tests examined condensation accumulation after 24 hours of low-, nominal-, or high-flow rates of gas at low-, nominal-, and high-ambient temperature settings. Dual-limb designs of adult- and neonate-sized circuits underwent evaluation. Data on alarms was collected for each system.Results:Low temperature and occlusion alarms were statistically significantly lower in DuoTherm vs. MR850 HH circuits (6 vs. 68 alarms, respectively; p<nn). DuoTherm products accumulated significantly less rainout for all three circuit sizes at all ambient temperatures. In general, the set flow rate did not dramatically affect the amount of rainout for adult and infant circuits, but low versus high ambient temperatures yielded increased rainout for all circuit types (p < 0.02). Conclusions:The DuoTherm HH device and patient circuits developed significantly less alarms due to rainout and low temperatures compared to those from MR850 under all the conditions tested. Such reduction in patient alarms should help reduce alarm fatigue among healthcare workers in critical care settings.
Sensible and Latent Heat Fluxes Over A Processing Cassava Crop with The Surface Renewal and Energy Balance Method
Authors: Silva Neilon , de Oliveira Aureo Silva , Filho Maurício Antonio Coelho 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
There are several methods for determining the sensible heat flux (H) on natural or agricultural surfaces. One such method is the surface renewal (SR) based on ramps of air temperature measured at high frequency by means of an ultra-thin thermocouple. The micrometeorological tower was installed (13°6'39"S, 39°16'46"W, 154 m anm) to assess the suitability of the method in estimating H on industrial cassava cultivation via calibration in relation to the eddy covariance (EC ), this consisted of a 3D anemometer. In both systems, measurements were made at a frequency of 10 Hz and comprised the period from 17/04 to 25/07/2019 (100 days). In addition to high-frequency measurements of air temperature and sonic temperature, measurements of net radiation and ground heat flux were also made, and all data grouped at 30-min intervals for determination of latent heat flux (LE) via balance solution power. It was found that (a) the SR method was adequate to estimate the sensible heat flux (H) over industrial matched with a calibration coefficient equal to 0.96; (b) under conditions of unstable atmospheric stability (daytime) the SR method showed better performance for estimating H compared to stable atmospheric conditions (nighttime); (c) the SR method proved to be adequate for estimating the latent heat flux (LE), in the industrial cassava cultivation with a high degree of correlation (r2 > 0.90), with the EC method as a reference; and (d) in the area cultivated with industrial cassava, it was found that the heat flux in the soil (G) corresponded on average to 6% of the radiation balance.
Genetic Diversity of Fig (Ficus Carica L.) Germplasm From The Mediterranean Basin As Revealed by SSR Markers
Authors: Sclavounos Athanasios , Roussos Petros , Milla Sotiria , Kostas Panagiotis , Samaras Yiannis , Pozzi Carlo , Molla Johiruddin , Chitikineni Annapurna , Varshney Rajeev K. , Voloudakis Andreas 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Fig (Ficus carica L.) tree is cultivated worldwide and is highly appreciated for its fruit, which is consumed fresh or dried, having high nutritional and pharmaceutical value and for these reasons there is an increasing interest for its cultivation. In the present study, an ex situ collection of 60 fig accessions (41 indigenous Greek and 19 from other Mediterranean countries) was established and its diversity was analyzed using eight simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci. Greek fig genotypes showed relatively low allelic variation (average number of SSR alleles per locus was 3.3), an excess of heterozygosity (mean He = 0.449 and Ho = 0.537), and extensive outbreeding (mean F index -0.184). Cluster analysis showed that the established fig population exhibited weak genetic structure with the majority of the genetic variation (69%) being present within individual members of the clusters. Both cluster and principal coordinate analysis confirmed that there is no correlation between genetic makeup and geographical origin of the fig accessions. Polymorphism information content (PIC) with an average of 0.398 was reasonably informative. An identification key scheme for fig cultivars that will be useful in cultivar discrimination and intellectual property protection was developed. This work will contribute to a sustainable fig production regionally and worldwide, through the establishment and conservation of a reference fig collection, providing germplasm for future breeding efforts.
Regression Analysis of Confocal FRAP And Its Application To Diffusion In Membranes
Authors: Kang Minchul 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In most biological processes, diffusion plays a critical role in transferring various bio-molecules to transfer desirable locations in an effective and energy-efficient manner. How fast molecules are transferred is measured by diffusion coefficients. Since each bio-molecules, in particular, signaling molecules have their unique diffusion coefficients and quantifying the diffusion coefficients help us to understand various time scales of both physiological and pathological processes in biological systems. Moreover, since diffusion profiles of a diffusant vary in different micro-environments of cell membranes, accurate diffusion coefficient also can provide a good picture of membrane landscapes as well as interactions of different membrane constituents. Currently, only a few experimental methods are available to assess the diffusion coefficient of a biomolecule of interest in live cells including Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP). FRAP was developed to study diffusion processes of biomolecules in the cell membranes in the 1970s. Albeit its long history, the main principle of FRAP analysis has remained unchanged since its inception: fitting FRAP data to a theoretical diffusion model for the best fitting diffusion coefficient or using the relation between the half time of recovery and ROI size. In this study, we developed a flexible yet versatile confocal FRAP data analysis framework based on linear regression analysis which allows FRAP users to determine the diffusion from either single or multiple FRAP data points without data fitting. We also validated this approach for a series of fluorescently labeled soluble and membrane-bound proteins and lipids.
A Precision Grinding Technology for Zirconium Alloy Tubes Based on Ultrasonic Wall Thickness Automatic Measurement System
Authors: Zou Lai , Li Heng , WANG Wenxi , Huang Yun , Li Yutong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To ensure the safety and long-term performance of nuclear fuel cladding zirconium tubes, the wall thickness uniformity of each cross section is strictly needed. Therefore, this paper presents comprehensive investigations on development of an automatic ultrasonic wall thickness measurement system for detecting the nuclear zirconium tubes. Based on the determination of overall scheme, optimization of key mechanical structures and design of control system, a series of performance testing analyses of this developed auto-measuring system were performed from aspects of measuring accuracy, measuring efficiency, stability and practicability. The results revealed that it could accurately obtain the wall thickness distribution and effectively guide the subsequent grinding process by automatically generated deviation correcting procedures to achieve the requirement of the wall thickness uniformity. The new combination method of ultrasonic auto-measuring and numerical control grinding proposed in this work would have a great significance for the development and application of nuclear reaction zirconium alloy container.
Half-metallic Ferromagnetism in Non-magnetic Double Perovskite Oxides Sr2MSbO6 (M=Al, Ga) Doped with C and N.
Authors: Bouhalouane AMRANI , BENDJEBBOUR Djilali , SEDDIK Tayeb , MOHAMED Mohamed Walid , khdoja driss 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Double perovskite oxides have gained tremendous attention in material science and device technology due to their facile synthesis and exceptional physical properties. In this paper, we elucidate the origin of magnetization in non magnetic double perovskite oxides Sr2MSbO6 (M=Al, Ga) induced by non-magnetic 2p-impurities (C and N) substituted. The calculations were done within the full potential linearized augmented plane wave method (FP-LAPW) in the framework of the density functional theory (DFT). The exchange-correlation potential is evaluated using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) of Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) and the modified Becke and Johnson (mBJ-GGA). Regarding structural properties of undoped double perovskites Sr2MSbO6 (M=Al, Ga), we found that the lattice constants and oxygen positions are in rational accord with the experimental results. Furthermore, both of the examined compounds are brittle in nature with isotropic character. For Sr2AlSbO6 we have got the values of energy gap equal to 1.9 eV and 3.7 eV within the GGA and the mBJ-GGA, respectively. However for Sr2GaSbO6 the values of energy gap obtained in GGA and mBJ-GGA are equal to 0.8 eV and 2.9 eV, respectively. Finally, spin-polarized calculations reveal that the doping C and N can lead to drastic changes in the magneto-electronic properties of the semiconducting Sr2MSbO6 matrix with the integer magnetic moment of 6.00 µB and exhibit half-metallic properties. The origin of ferromagnetism can be attributed to the spin–split impurity bands inside the energy gap of the semiconducting Sr2MSbO6 matrix. These results may help experimentalists in synthesizing new double perovskites for spintronic applications.
New Mechanistic Approach in the Enamine-Based Asymmetric Organocatalysis
Authors: Gurka András A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
During the course of my research in asymmetric organocatalysis the inversion of enantioselectivity was observed in the asymmetric aldol reactions of acetone with different aldehydes catalyzed by amphiphilic proline derivatives in aqueous media varying only achiral components. It was not possible to explain the explored dual stereocontrol with the existing models, therefore I proposed a new mechanism for asymmetric aldol reactions catalyzed by l-amino acid derivatives in aqueous media and explained the explored phenomenon of inversion of enantioselectivity with different structures of micelle-stabilized transition state described as a metal-free version of the Zimmermann-Traxler model with explicit participation of a water molecule. Contrary to the existing models, according to the proposed mechanism the formation of new bonds proceeds directly in the transition state stabilized by a water molecule without the additional step of product iminium ion hydrolysis. The proposed mechanism has universal character, it is consistent with experimental results and general theoretical conceptions and it is applicable to all enamine-based asymmetric organocatalytic reactions carried out not only in aqueous, but in organic media as well, because the initial step of catalytic cycle, which involves the formation of an enamine from the carbonyl compound and proline (derivative), liberates one water molecule.
Diversity And Distribution Of CO2-Fixing Microbial Community Along Elevation Gradients In Meadow Soils On The Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Feng Haiyan , Wang Zhe , Jia Pengli , Gai Jingping , Chen Baodong , Wang Shikuan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Soil CO2-fixing microbes play a significant role in CO2-fixation in the terrestrial ecosystems, particularly in the Tibetan Plateau. To understand carbon sequestration by soil CO2-fixing microbes and the carbon cycling in alpine meadow soils, microbial diversity and their driving environmental factors were explored along an elevation gradient from 3900m to 5100m, on both east and west slopes of Mila Mountain region on the Tibetan Plateau. The CO2-fixing microbial communities were characterized by high-throughput sequencing targeting the cbbL gene，encoding the large subunit for the CO2-fixing protein ribulose 1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. The overall OTU abundance is concentrated at an altitude between 4300m~4900m. The species richness and distribution uniformity on the east slope is better than those on the west slope. In terms of microbial community composition, Proteobacteria is dominant, and the most abundant genera are Cupriavidus, Rhodobacter, Sulfurifustis and Thiobacillus. The CO2-fixing microbial community structure dramatically shifted along the elevation. It was jointly driven by vegetation coverage, soil moisture content, and soil organic carbon and soil particle size, and most environmental factors are positively correlated. Our results are helpful to understand the variation in soil microbial community and its role in soil carbon cycling along elevation gradients.
A Novel Small-Molecule Inhibitor Displays Its Therapeutic Potency Through Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptosis And Autophagy In Melanoma
Authors: Bai Jun , Wang Hailan , Sun Changzhen , Wang Jianv , Liu Li , Zhang Qingbi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer with high mortality. It is vital to develop novel low toxicity drugs with anti-proliferation activity and metastasis suppressive activity in melanoma. Here, we reported a novel anti-tumor drug SCZ0148, and then investigated its inhibition effect on melanoma. The anticancer efficacy of SCZ0148 was confirmed by using cytotoxicity test, colony formation assay, wound-healing assay, cell apoptosis detection, mitochondrial potential assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and western-blot analysis. The cytotoxicity test showed that SCZ0148 inhibited melanoma cell lines proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner without obvious toxicity and side effects on normal cells. The results of the colony formation assay were in agreement with the cytotoxicity test. In addition, SCZ0148 induced melanoma cell apoptosis and promoted cell destructive autophagy through the ROS-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Notably, SCZ0148 significantly inhibited the migration of melanoma cells through the matrix metalloprotein 9 (MMP-9) mediated pathway. In conclusion, these findings suggest that SCZ0148 may be a potential therapeutic drug to inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of melanoma.
A 10-year Retrospective Study of Lung Cancer in Uganda
Authors: Bogere Naghib , Bongomin Felix , Katende Andrew , Omaido Blair Andrew , Namukwaya Elizabeth , Mayanja-Kizza Harriet , Walusansa Victoria 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Uganda. In this study, we aimed to describe the baseline characteristics and survival of patients with lung cancer at Uganda Cancer Institute (UCI). Methodology: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of all patients with a histological diagnosis of lung cancer registered at UCI between January 2008 and August 2018. Data on demographic, clinical, and treatment characteristics, and vital status were abstracted and analyzed. Patients with undocumented vital status on the medical records were contacted through phone calls. We determined survival as time from histological diagnosis to death. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to estimate the median survival time and the 5-year overall survival rate. Results: Of the 207 patients enrolled, 56.5% (n=117) were female, median age was 60 years (range: 20-94), 78.7% (n=163) were never-smokers and 18 (8.7%) were living with HIV. Presumptive anti-tuberculosis treatment was given to 23.2% (n=48). Majority had non-small cell lung cancer (96.6%, n=200) with 74.5% (n=149) adenocarcinoma and 19% (n=38) squamous cell carcinoma. All had advanced (stage III or IV) disease with 96.1% (n=199) in stage IV. Chemotherapy (44.9%, n=93) and biological therapy (34.8%, n=72) were the commonest treatments used. Overall survival at 6 months, 1-, 2- and 5-years was 41.7%, 29.7%, 11.8% and 1.7% respectively. The median survival time was 4.4 months and was not different between NSCLC and SCLC (4.5 vs. 3.9 months respectively, p=.335). Conclusion: In Uganda, adenocarcinoma is the predominant histologic subtype of lung cancer predominantly occurring in females and non-smokers. Patients present late with advanced disease and poor overall survival. Public awareness should be heightened to facilitate early screening and improve outcomes.
Aircraft Detection in Remote Sensing Image based on Multi-scale Convolution Neural Network with Attention Mechanism
Authors: Wang Xianfeng , Yu Changqing , Huang Lei , Zhang Shanwen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Detecting aircraft from remote sensing image (RSI) is an important but challenging task due to the variations of aircraft type, size, pose, angle, complex background and small size of aircraft in RSIs. An aircraft detection method is proposed based on multi-scale convolution neural network with attention (MSCNNA), consisting of encoder, decoder, attention and classification. In MSCNNA, the multiple convolutional and pooling kernels with different sizes are utilized to learn the multi-scale discriminant features, and the global attention mechanism (GAM) is employed to capture the spatial and channel dependencies and adaptively preserve the relationships of the entire image. Compared with the standard deep CNN, multi-scale convolution neural networks (CNN) and GAM are integrated to learn the multi-scale features for aircraft detection, especially small aircrafts. Experiment results on the aircraft image dataset of the public EORSSD dataset show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art method on the same dataset and the obtained multi-size aircraft edge is clearer.
An Extended Kalman Filtering Technique for Geodetic First Order Data Assimilation
Authors: Kalu Ikechukwu , Ndehedehe Christopher E. , Okwuashi Onuwa , Eyoh Aniekan E. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Data assimilation allows merging of different sources of data to estimate possible states of a system as it evolves in time. This therefore supports the idea of combining classical observations with Global Positioning System (GPS) observations to improve the integrity of first order geodetic controls in Nigeria. Given that these geodetic controls, which were established using traditional techniques and whose algorithms are still in use, the task of optimizing the coordinate values of these monuments to improve efficiency and accuracy in conventional geodetic operations around Nigeria is still a challenge. This study introduces the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) technique for the modeling of these observations and their uncertainties in addition to exogenous noise, which is handled by an approximate set-valued state estimator. The proposed EKF provides a feasible linearization process in merging classical and GPS data collection modes as shown in our study. For each discrete time in the analysis step, it employs the Kalman gain computation, which attempts to weigh and balance uncertainties between the estimate and observation before proceeding to the analysis step. In this setup, the EKF constrains the system state in order to balance and strengthen the integrity of these first order monuments. The relationship of the derived system state with GPS coordinates (R2 = 0.85) and classical observations (R2 = 0.92) over Nigeria using a multi linear regression analysis is considerably strong. This outcome provides insight to the performance of the test algorithm and builds on the usefulness of data assimilation techniques in geodetic operations.
The Objective Conditions Study and Optimization of Digital Imaging System on Color Measurement：Case with Jadeite
Authors: Liu Ziyuan , Guo Ying , Shang Yanran , Yuan Bin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The application of digital imaging to color measurement is more and more extensive, which also provides new ideas for gemology. In this paper, the single-factor experiment method and orthogonal experiment design are used to study the influence parameters of the digital imaging system (DIS) on gem color measurement. Among them, the illuminance has the most significant impact on the measurement results, followed by the exposure time, and the change of the measurement distance has an insignificant impact on the results; through range analysis and analysis of variance, the most suitable measurement parameters for red jadeite are 1600lx, 12500ms, 25cm.
Prognostic Value of PD-L1 and Siglec-15 Expression in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Ju , Yang Hanshan , Hu Hui , Liu Chao , Wei Min , Zhao Yumei , Chen Yudan , Cui Yongxia , Chen Ping , Xiong Kang , Lu Yun , Yang Linglin , Yang Hongru 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 15 (Siglec-15) might be involved in the activation of important pathways related to tumor immune escape, along with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). We aimed to investigate the correlation between the expression of Siglec-15 and PD-L1 in NPC patients.Patients and methods: We determined the expression of PD-L1 via immunohistochemical staining and that of Siglec-15 via immunofluorescent staining in 182 NPC tissue samples.Results: A significant correlation was identified between the PD-L1 and Siglec-15 expression (P=0.000). Moreover, Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that PD-L1 expression were associated with improved overall survival (P=0.025) and Siglec-15 expression were associated with improved distant failure-free survival (P=0.048). Meanwhile, multivariate Cox analysis showed that PD-L1 and Siglec-15 were independent predictors of overall survival (P=0.020) and distant failure-free survival (P=0.047), respectively. The results of the log-rank test and Cox regression analyses showed that patients exhibiting no PD-L1/Siglec-15 expression were found to have significant advantages with regard to overall survival, compared to other groups (P=0.037).Conclusion: PD-L1 and Siglec-15 may represent novel biomarkers for predicting NPC patient prognosis. Siglec-15 could be considered as a potential target for the development of therapeutics for NPC treatment in the future.