bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of sarcopenia in treatment-related outcomes in patients with renal cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yuxuan Li , Junchao Li , Wenya Liu 
Published: October 2022

Background:
in recent years, more attention has been paid to the fuzzy relationship between skeletal muscle components and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This study attempts to conduct a meta-analysis using all relevant research evidence to explore the impact of sarcopenia on the final survival and recurrence outcome of RCC patients and the change process of this impact after treatment.

Methods:
This systematic review and Meta-analysis study took “sarcopenia”, “kidney” and “tumor” and their synonyms as the main search terms, and comprehensively searched all relevant literatures published in PubMed, web of science, SpringerLink, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Ovid (Lww oup), Wiley, ScienceDirect and Scopus databases since February 2, 2022. Multivariate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of overall survival (OS), cancer specific survival (CSS), and progression free survival (PFS), as well as rough data of Kaplan–Meier survival curve, were combined as the main analysis results. Subgroup analyses based on cohort characteristics (treatment, ethnicity, and BMI factors) for each study were used as secondary outcomes. The combined effect was estimated by random effect model or fixed effect model, and the heterogeneity was evaluated by I
2 value. Because this study belongs to secondary literature, the medical ethics committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University considers that ethical review is unnecessary.

Results:
Eighteen retrospective studies involving 3591 patients with RCC were analyzed, of which 71.5% were men and the median age of the cohort was 61.6. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 43% (38–48%). Sarcopenia is an independent predictor of OS (HR: 1.83, 95% CI = [1.41, 2.37]), and this prognostic value can also be reflected in Asian populations (HR: 2.59, 95% CI = [1.90, 3.54]) and drug treated patients (HR: 2.07, 95% CI = [1.07, 4.04]). Sarcopenia can also be used as an independent predictor of CSS (HR: 1.78, 95% CI = [1.34, 2.36]) and PFS (HR: 1.98, 95% CI = [1.34, 2.92]). The effect of low skeletal muscle mass on OS and CSS increased slowly from 1 to 5 years.

Conclusion:
Sarcopenia can be used as a comprehensive prognostic factor in RCC population, but the detailed effects from ethnic characteristics and treatment mechanism need to be further studied.
Cognitive-behaviour intervention for critical thinking disposition of religion and social science students
Authors: Ani Casmir , Asogwa Timothy E. , Nnamani Ogechi , Nyakuwa Robert , Areji Anthony C. , Inyiani Chidozie Christian , Ezeani Emmanuel O. , Ibenekwu Ikpe , Ejiofor Emeka , Eze Mathew , Chukwuemeka Ezurike , Agbigw Ifeanyichukwu B. , Sampson Monday , Onah Nkechi G. , Ugwu Collins I. , Ogbueghu Sylvester N. , Ejimonye Jovita C. , Onwuzuruike Uloma A. , Machebe Chioma H. , Onyeanusi Calista O. , Nji Ifeyinwa A. 
Published: October 2022

Background:
The dispositions of students towards critical thinking (CT) no doubt improve their clinical practice and performance. Hence, efforts to explore ways to help students become aware and conscious of the need for CT are imperative for their self-actualization, development, and improved professional practice. It is worrisome that in spite of the limited intervention addressing CT disposition challenges, scholars are yet to study the problem, especially in developing countries.

Methods:
In view of that, we assessed how CT disposition can be improved among students enrolled in cognitive-behavioral reflective training programme (CBRT-P) using a group-randomized control study with three months follow-up. To achieve this, 163 students were allocated to different groups. The recruited participants were exposed to CBRT-P.

Results:
Repeated-measures analysis performed shows that at the posttest, the mean CT disposition scores of the participants enrolled in CBRT-programme (treatment group) were significantly greater compared to the counterpart group that is the comparison group. At the third assessment, the mean score of the dependent measure consistently remained higher in favor of the experimental group.

Conclusion:
Given the results, it is concluded that the treatment programme improves the CT disposition of students over time.
Comparative effectiveness of external therapies of traditional Chinese medicine and surgical treatments in pain management of postherpetic neuralgia: A protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Pan Zhengqi , Huang Shijie , Ma Tingting , Yuan Rongli , Wang Mengjing , Luo Rui , Yu Maogui , Li Wuyu , Zhang Ao , Wu Jie 
Published: October 2022

Background:
As the most common long-term complication of herpes zoster (HZ), postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is characterized by chronic, persistent, and debilitating neuropathic pain. PHN seriously harms human health and currently becomes a topic of clinical importance. To date, the common methods of pain management in PHN include external therapies of traditional Chinese medicine and surgical treatments. However, there is no high-quality or direct evidence of their comparative effectiveness. This review aims to provide a network meta-analysis to compare the efficacy of external therapies of traditional Chinese medicine and surgical treatments in the pain management of PHN.

Methods:
Databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine Disc will be searched for relevant randomized controlled trials to obtain literatures on the treatment of PHN with external therapies of traditional Chinese medicine and surgical treatments, and clinical randomized controlled trials will be screened out from their inception to August 5, 2022. The participant intervention comparator outcomes of this study are as flowing: P, patients with PHN; I, external therapies of traditional Chinese medicine and surgical treatments; C, no treatment, pharmacological placebo, treatment as usual or sham acupuncture groups; O, primary outcome is pain intensity, and secondary outcomes are onset of pain relief time, quality of life, therapeutic effective rate and reverse effects. Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool will be used in assessing literature’s quality. Network meta-analyses will be conducted to generate estimates of comparative effectiveness of each intervention class and rankings of their effectiveness, in terms of pain management.

Result:
This systematic review and network meta-analysis will provide evidence of the efficacy of different therapeutic methods for pain management in PHN, to show which forms of therapy are more commonly used with higher effectiveness.

Discussion:
The results will systematically provide suggestions for medical practitioners to choose effective, time-saving and economical pain management method for PHN.
Acupuncture for metabolic syndrome: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jiang Rongsheng , Zhang Xiaolin , Zheng Yi , Zhang Long , Guan Qifan , Cong Zhengri , Li Yiduo , Liu Mingjun 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is showing an epidemic trend worldwide, and its annual incidence is increasing. Conventional treatment options have limitations and it is necessary to develop new management strategies for MS.

Methods:
Eligible randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) were screened by searching multiple Chinese and English databases. References to the included literature, gray literature in OpenGrey, and other relevant literature, such as clinical studies registered in ClinicalTrials.gov, were also manually searched. Relevant data were extracted, and meta-analysis was performed using Reviewer Manager 5.4.

Results:
This study provides a high-quality review of the efficacy and safety of acupuncture in the treatment of MS, and provides a basis for the clinical application of acupuncture in the treatment of MS.

Conclusion:
This study provides evidence of the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture in the treatment of MS.
Severe hypoglycemia and lactic acidosis in children with fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency
Authors: Zou Shanye , Luo Xiaoli , Huang Shiyong , Xiong Zihong , Zhang Ning , Wen Xing 
Published: October 2022

Rationale:
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder with an extremely high mortality rate, if left undiagnosed and untreated.

Patient concerns:
Case 1 was a 2-year-old girl who was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit because of fever lasting for 1 day and shortness of breath lasting for 5 hours with a history of hunger prior to onset. Her medical history was unremarkable. Case 2 was a newborn child who was the brother of case 1 and had the same presentation.

Diagnoses:
Complete exon gene sequencing of the 2 patients revealed 2 mutation sites on the FBP1 gene, which were heterozygous variants c.778(exon6)G>A and c.977(exon7)T>C. The c.778(exon6)G>A variant was inherited from her father. The c.977(exon7)T>C variant was inherited from the mother and is a new mutation that has not yet been reported. The resulting fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency is an autosomal recessive inherited disease.

Interventions:
We provided treatment, such as respiratory support, correction of acidosis, and stabilization of the internal environment.

Outcomes:
The treatment results were remarkable, with no complications at the 3-month follow-up.

Lessons:
The 2 patients reported here are close siblings, and the maternal mutation c.977(exon7)T>C noted in these patients has not been reported before. In clinical practice, the possibility of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency should be considered for acute infection onset, severe metabolic acidosis, and hypoglycemia. Early gene sequencing can confirm the disease, and timely, proper treatment and long-term dietary control can prevent death, promote growth and development, and improve the quality of life of the affected children.
Reconstructing the New Aesthetic Mandibular Angle With Two-Crossed Ostectomy at the Inferior and Posterior Margin of the Mandible
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Tian , Zhang Qian , Li Chun-Cai , Qiu Li-Dong , Zhang Li-Tian 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Several operative procedures have been introduced to reshape the aesthetic mandibular angle, but unaesthetic results have occurred now and then. Most studies focused only on the facial shape in frontal view but not on the new gonion angle and gonial position in lateral view. The authors describe a new and satisfactory surgical method of mandibular angle contouring to reconstruct the new aesthetic mandibular angle and reshape an oval face for the excessive prominence of the mandibular angle.

Patients and Methods:
The surgery was carried out with the two-crossed ostectomy at the inferior and posterior margin of the mandible, respectively. For 10 years from 2009 to 2019, the two-crossed ostectomy of mandibular angle has been performed in 1217 consecutive series of Chinese patients. The gonion angle degree, the facial width between the dual gonions, and the horizontal and vertical distances from the gonial point to auricular lobule were measured and recorded before and after an operation.

Results:
After the two-crossed ostectomy, the patient’s gonion angle significantly changed to 123 to 128 degrees in both women and men. The vertical distance from the horizontal line of the auricular lobule to the gonial point decreased by 2 to 2.5 cm markedly, and the gonial point became located at about 0.85 cm in front of the vertical line of the auricular lobule. The two-crossed ostectomy of the mandibular angle effectively reconstructed the new aesthetic gonion angle and gonial position, reshaped the oval face, and achieved a highly satisfactory result.

Conclusions:
For patients with excessively prominent mandibular angle, the two-crossed ostectomy at the mandibular ramus and the body could reconstruct the new aesthetic gonial angle and position, make the lower one third of the face attractive from the lateral and anterior perspectives, and deliver greater patient satisfaction and surgical safety.
Systematic Review: Evaluating the Efficacy of Intrathecal Fluorescein for Localizing Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea
Authors: Romeo Dominic , Go Beatrice C. , Ng Jinggang J. , Barrette Louis-Xavier , Rhodes Isaiah J. , Rajasekaran Karthik 
Published: October 2022

Objectives:A defect in the skull base can result in leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) out of the subarachnoid space into the sinonasal cavities, termed CSF rhinorrhea. Patients presenting with CSF rhinorrhea often require surgical repair, typically performed endoscopically. Successful surgical intervention is highly reliant on accurate identification of the leak site. Identification can be enhanced by the administration of intrathecal fluorescein (IF) via a lumbar drain before surgery. The objective of this systematic review is to better characterize the benefits and limitations of IF administration.Methods:A systematic search was conducted for literature documenting the use of IF for CSF leak localization. The results of this search were subjected to initial review, followed by full-text evaluation of selected texts, and final inclusion based on predetermined selection criteria. Primary outcomes were specificity and sensitivity of IF administration in identifying CSF leak sites. Secondary outcomes included administration technique and safety data.Results:A total of 25 studies representing 3801 instances of IF administration met inclusion criteria. When injected slowly for up to 30 minutes at doses of <50 mg, IF administration results in minimal complications. A total of 25 mg doses (92.36%) of IF appear more sensitive than 10 mg (71.88%) doses of IF while maintaining a similar safety profile. Mixing fluorescein with double distilled water instead of CSF or saline may decrease waiting times before fluorescein can be identified and increase its safety profile.Conclusions:Intrathecal fluorescein may play an important role in the identification of CSF leak site during endoscopic repair.
Thinking about possibilities: mechanisms, ontogeny, functions and phylogeny
Authors: Redshaw Jonathan , Ganea Patricia A. 
Published: October 2022

Humans possess the remarkable capacity to imagine possible worlds and to demarcate possibilities and impossibilities in reasoning. We can think about what might happen in the future and consider what the present would look like had the past turned out differently. We reason about cause and effect, weigh up alternative courses of action and regret our mistakes. In this theme issue, leading experts from across the life sciences provide ground-breaking insights into the proximate questions of how thinking about possibilities works and develops, and the ultimate questions of its adaptive functions and evolutionary history. Together, the contributions delineate neurophysiological, cognitive and social mechanisms involved in mentally simulating possible states of reality; and point to conceptual changes in the understanding of singular and multiple possibilities during human development. The contributions also demonstrate how thinking about possibilities can augment learning, decision-making and judgement, and highlight aspects of the capacity that appear to be shared with non-human animals and aspects that may be uniquely human. Throughout the issue, it becomes clear that many developmental milestones achieved during childhood, and many of the most significant evolutionary and cultural triumphs of the human species, can only be understood with reference to increasingly complex reasoning about possibilities.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Thinking about possibilities: mechanisms, ontogeny, functions and phylogeny’.
Moral judgements reflect default representations of possibility
Authors: Acierno Jane , Mischel Sarah , Phillips Jonathan 
Published: October 2022

Moral judgement requires representing what is possible: judging that someone ought to do something implies that they actually can do that thing; and if they cannot do that thing, then it is not the case that they ought to have done it. Moral judgements are often made quickly and effortlessly, suggesting that they may rely on default, rather than deliberative, representations of what is possible. To investigate this possibility, we asked participants to make 10 different kinds of moral judgements either very fast or more slowly about 240 different actions across 12 contexts. We found that these moral judgements were more similar to one another when participants were forced to quickly assess the morality of immoral actions, suggesting a common default template for moral judgement that becomes more differentiated upon reflection. When making moral permissibility judgements quickly, participants were more likely to judge that improbable, irrational and impossible actions were not permissible, indicating that default representations of permissibility may be reflecting default representations of possibility. A direct investigation revealed a close relationship between default representations of possibility and fast judgements of moral permissibility. These findings demonstrate the role of default representations of possibility in moral cognition.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Thinking about possibilities: mechanisms, ontogeny, functions and phylogeny’.
Anchored in the present: preschoolers more accurately infer their futures when confronted with their pasts
Authors: Goulding Brandon W. , Stonehouse Emily Elizabeth , Friedman Ori 
Published: October 2022

People often speculate about what the future holds. They wonder what will happen tomorrow, and what the world will be like in the distant future. Nonetheless, people's ability to consider future possibilities may be restricted when they consider their own futures. Adults show the ‘end of history’ illusion, believing they have changed more in the past than they will in the future. Further, preschoolers are even more limited in anticipating future change, as 3-year-olds insist their current desires will persist later in life. These findings suggest a deficit in children's and adults' abilities to simulate alternative possibilities that pertain to themselves. However, we report four experiments (n= 233) suggesting otherwise, at least for children. We find that 3-year-olds accurately infer their futures when prompted to consider their past rather than present preferences. Children also succeed at inferring their past preferences when not shown items they currently prefer. This shows that childrencanreason about their pasts and futures, though this ability is hindered when they are shown items that anchor them to the present. Our findings suggest that children's difficulties with mental time travel reflect a failure to shift away from the present rather than an inability to simulate alternative possibilities.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Thinking about possibilities: mechanisms, ontogeny, functions and phylogeny’.
Precision synbiotics increase gut microbiome diversity and improve gastrointestinal symptoms in a pilot open-label study for autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Phan Joann , Calvo Diana C. , Nair Divya , Jain Suneer , Montagne Thibaut , Corbitt James , Blanchard Kelsey , Treadwell Shirin , Adams James , Krajmalnik-Brown Rosa 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTThe use of prebiotics and probiotics to improve symptoms associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has varied from study to study, indicating the complex and heterogeneous nature of the disorder and the behaviors and gastrointestinal symptoms associated with ASD. There is a wide variety in the severity of symptoms and developmental impediments across the population. Gut microbiome studies have also shown unique but varied microbial signatures in ASD. While there have been successes in pre-clinical and clinical trials with prebiotic and probiotic components, the limited population sizes have promising yet inconclusive results. This study addresses this issue by 1) enrolling an ASD cohort of 296 children and adults and comparing their deep DNA metagenomic sequencing of gut microbiomes to that of an age-matched neurotypical cohort and 2) individually formulating a precision synbiotic (probiotic and prebiotic) tailored towards each individual’s needs and conducting pre/post evaluations of ASD and GI symptoms and longitudinal whole genome microbiome sequencing. At baseline, there was significantly lower microbiome diversity in the ASD group relative to controls. Microbes, pathways, and gene families significantly differed between the two populations. The ASD microbiome had higher abundances of pathogens, such asShigella, Klebsiella, Mycobacterium, andClostridium, but lower abundances of beneficial microbes, includingFaecalibacterium. With a 3-month synbiotic supplementation, the microbiome diversity of the 170 ASD participants completing the study increased and became closer to the neurotypical controls. Significant shifts in microbial and pathway abundances were also measured at the second ASD timepoint. In addition to changes in the gut microbiome, there was a significant reduction in gastrointestinal discomfort. There were also improvements in some ASD-related symptoms; however, we cannot exclude that these were potentially due to the open-label nature of the study. Changes in the gut microbiome composition and functional capacity, along with a reduction in gastrointestinal symptoms and potential changes in behavior, highlight the importance of metagenomics, longitudinal studies, and the potential for therapeutic microbial supplementation in ASD.
Rare Genetic Variants Associated with Sudden Cardiac Arrest in the Young: A Prospective, Population-Based Study
Authors: Holmstrom Lauri , Chaudhary Ninad S , Nakamura Kotoka , Chugh Harpriya , Uy-Evanado Audrey , Faye Norby F , Metcalf Ginger A , Menon Vipin K , Yu Bing , Boerwinkle Eric , Chugh Sumeet S , Akdemir Zeynep , Kransdorf Evan P 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundSudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a rare and tragic event among the young and often caused by inherited cardiac disease. Previous studies have investigated referral cohorts, but the prevalence of disease-associated variants is unclear at the community level. We investigated the prevalence of genetic variants among community-based cases of SCA aged <21 years.MethodsThe study sample is obtained from two prospective, community-based studies of out-of-hospital SCA ongoing in the Portland, OR metro area (population ∼1 million) and Ventura County CA (population ∼850,000). We performed next-generation whole genome sequencing and then rare variant analysis of candidate genes associated with arrhythmic syndromes and cardiomyopathy in ClinGen.ResultsThe mean age of the study subjects was 11.3±8.0 (30% non-white, 45% female). We found that 36 of 52 young SCA victims (69%) harbored uncertain, likely pathogenic (LP), or pathogenic (P) variants. Eight subjects (15%) carried 9 LP/P variants. Patients with clinical histories suggesting primary arrhythmic syndromes or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were more likely to harbor clinically actionable variants or variants of unknown significance (VUS), than subjects with myocarditis, sudden infant death syndrome, or sudden arrhythmic death. Variants were more likely to be classified as LP/P among Whites (8/9, 88.9%) as compared to non-Whites (1/9, 11.1%, p = 0.036).ConclusionsA notable proportion of young SCA victims in the community harbor rare, potentially disease-associated gene variants, and further studies are needed to understand variants of unknown significance. We identified differences by phenotype groups and race that have potential implications for genetic testing.