bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating space measures in P systems
Authors: Alhazov Artiom , Leporati Alberto , Manzoni Luca , Mauri Giancarlo , Zandron Claudio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractP systems with active membranes are a variant of P systems where membranes can be created by division of existing membranes, thus creating an exponential amount of resources in a polynomial number of steps. Time and space complexity classes for active membrane systems have been introduced, to characterize classes of problems that can be solved by different membrane systems making use of different resources. In particular, space complexity classes introduced initially considered a hypothetical real implementation by means of biochemical materials, assuming that every single object or membrane requires some constant physical space (corresponding to unary notation). A different approach considered implementation of P systems in silico, allowing to store the multiplicity of each object in each membrane using binary numbers. In both cases, the elements contributing to the definition of the space required by a system (namely, the total number of membranes, the total number of objects, the types of different membranes, and the types of different objects) was considered as a whole. In this paper, we consider a different definition for space complexity classes in the framework of P systems, where each of the previous elements is considered independently. We review the principal results related to the solution of different computationally hard problems presented in the literature, highlighting the requirement of every single resource in each solution. A discussion concerning possible alternative solutions requiring different resources is presented.
Development of a Wearable Wireless Sensing Device for Characterization of Hand Tremors Through Vibration Frequency Analysis
Authors: Yousef Mo’ath , Hafizh Muhammad , Sassi Sadok , Adeli Gholam 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To monitor the progression of diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) or essential tremor (ET), there is a growing interest in understanding their side effects and continuously monitoring the deterioration or progress of patients’ health conditions. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of a wearable monitoring device constructed from compact MEMS for robust tremor detection in the upper limb using three different storage and monitoring techniques.

Method
Four subjects (2 PD and 2 ET) with varying stages of disease and treatment willingly provided offline, online, and live modes of tremor data using a low-cost, miniaturized accelerometer and microelectromechanical device.

Results
The results demonstrated differences in voluntary and non-voluntary characteristics of various activities and the distinct separation between them in the vibration spectrum at the limit of 2 Hz. Online and live monitoring provided the best alternatives to continuous in-home tracking combined with extensive post-processing techniques to detect tremor segments. The findings also highlighted the emergence of noticeable peaks, in the range between 3 and 8 Hz, for the PD’s frequency response, compared to the ET case, where the broadband behavior dominates.

Conclusion
The possibility of using a dynamic tuned mass damper tuned with dominant peaks to be canceled opens opportunities for PD passive tremor suppression.
The Development and Validation of a Child Safeguarding in Sport Self-assessment Tool for the Council of Europe
Authors: Moustakas Louis , Kalina Lisa , Petry Karen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract Abuse and interpersonal violence threaten participant safety and trust in sport. Many political and project activities have sought to promote safeguarding policies within national sporting structures. Despite this, implementation of safe sport policy measures has been lacklustre, and policy guidance is often disparate and sometimes contradictory. Against this background, the Council of Europe initiated the development of a safeguarding in sport self-assessment tool to assist national sport authorities in this crucial area. This tool addresses some of the gaps within safe sport policy guidance by summarising current good practices and offering policy guidance and legitimation. In the following Innovations article, we present our work developing the safeguarding self-assessment tool for national sport organisations in collaboration with the Council of Europe.
Developing a sentence level fairness metric using word embeddings
Authors: Izzidien Ahmed , Fitz Stephen , Romero Peter , Loe Bao S. , Stillwell David 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFairness is a principal social value that is observable in civilisations around the world. Yet, a fairness metric for digital texts that describe even a simple social interaction, e.g., ‘The boy hurt the girl’ has not been developed. We address this by employing word embeddings that use factors found in a new social psychology literature review on the topic. We use these factors to build fairness vectors. These vectors are used as sentence level measures, whereby each dimension reflects a fairness component. The approach is employed to approximate human perceptions of fairness. The method leverages a pro-social bias within word embeddings, for which we obtain an F1 = 79.8 on a list of sentences using the Universal Sentence Encoder (USE). A second approach, using principal component analysis (PCA) and machine learning (ML), produces an F1 = 86.2. Repeating these tests using Sentence Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (SBERT) produces an F1 = 96.9 and F1 = 100 respectively. Improvements using subspace representations are further suggested. By proposing a
first-principles approach, the paper contributes to the analysis of digital
texts along an ethical dimension.
Static and Dynamic Dependency Visualization in a Layered Software City
Authors: Dashuber Veronika , Philippsen Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA Software City is an established way to visualize metrics such as the test coverage or complexity. As current layouting algorithms are mainly based on the static code structure, dependencies that are orthogonal to this structure often clutter the visualization and are hard to grasp. This paper applies layered graph drawing to layout a Software City in 3D. The proposed layout takes both the dependencies and the static code structure into account. While having the static dependencies encoded in the layout, we can additionally display dynamic dependencies as arcs atop the city in the night view of the Layered Software City. By applying a trace clustering technique we can further reduce the number of shown arcs. We evaluate the advantages of our layout over a classic layouting algorithm in a controlled study on a real-world project and also report on a short study that evaluates the visualization of dynamic dependencies. The source code of the layouting algorithm and the raw data of the quantitative evaluations are available fromhttps://github.com/qaware/holoware-software-city.
Energy asymptotics for the strongly damped Klein–Gordon equation
Authors: Mohamad Haidar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe consider the strongly damped Klein–Gordon equation for defocusing nonlinearity and we study the asymptotic behaviour of the energy for periodic solutions. We prove first the exponential decay to zero for zero mean solutions. Then, we characterize the limit of the energy, when the time tends to infinity, for solutions with small enough initial data and we finally prove that such limit is not necessary zero.
Modelling the high-temperature deformation characteristics of S355 steel using artificial neural networks
Authors: Olejarczyk-Wożeńska Izabela , Mrzygłód Barbara , Hojny Marcin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this study, artificial neural networks were used to predict the plastic flow behaviour of S355 steel in the process of high-temperature deformation. The aim of the studies was to develop a model of changes in stress as a function of strain, strain rate and temperature, necessary to build an advanced numerical model of the soft-reduction process. The high-temperature characteristics of the tested steel were determined with a Gleeble 3800 thermo-mechanical simulator. Tests were carried out in the temperature range of 400–1450 °C for two strain rates, i.e. 0.05 and 1 s−1. The test results were next used to develop and verify a rheological model based on artificial neural networks (ANNs). The conducted studies show that the selected models offer high accuracy in predicting the high-temperature flow behaviour of S355 steel and can be successfully used in numerical modelling of the soft-reduction process.
The uniform sparse FFT with application to PDEs with random coefficients
Authors: Kämmerer Lutz , Potts Daniel , Taubert Fabian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe develop the uniform sparse Fast Fourier Transform (usFFT), an efficient, non-intrusive, adaptive algorithm for the solution of elliptic partial differential equations with random coefficients. The algorithm is an adaption of the sparse Fast Fourier Transform (sFFT), a dimension-incremental algorithm, which tries to detect the most important frequencies in a given search domain and therefore adaptively generates a suitable Fourier basis corresponding to the approximately largest Fourier coefficients of the function. The usFFT does this w.r.t. the stochastic domain of the PDE simultaneously for multiple fixed spatial nodes, e.g., nodes of a finite element mesh. The key idea of joining the detected frequency sets in each dimension increment results in a Fourier approximation space, which fits uniformly for all these spatial nodes. This strategy allows for a faster and more efficient computation due to a significantly smaller amount of samples needed, than just using other algorithms, e.g., the sFFT for each spatial node separately. We test the usFFT for different examples using periodic, affine and lognormal random coefficients in the PDE problems.
Outstanding in the Field: Impacts of Public Small Grains Breeding in Virginia
Authors: Garber Ben , Alwang Jeffrey , Norton George W. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNew production from public and exclusive varieties released by the small grains breeding program at Virginia Tech generated cumulative discounted benefits of $41 million from 2000 to 2018. Fitted yields from field trials were combined with acreage estimates to generate weighted average yields based on adoption of new varieties. Benefits were estimated as the value of additional production from the release and adoption of improved varieties. Public varieties were responsible for most program benefits. The program was found to have a significant impact in Virginia and out-of-state, with much of these benefits due to public-private collaboration.
Outcomes among patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia enrolled in a postdischarge outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy program at an academic medical center
Authors: Theodore Deborah A. , Furuya E. Yoko , Austin Eloise , Greendyke William G. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We compared patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia enrolled in outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy monitoring program (OPAT-MP) upon hospital discharge with patients not enrolled. OPAT-MP patients were more likely to attend infectious diseases follow-up appointments. OPAT-related emergency room visits and/or readmissions were more common among non–OPAT-MP patients, but differences were not statistically significant.
Recruitment of diverse community health center patients in a pragmatic weight gain prevention trial
Authors: Miller Hailey N. , Berger Miriam B. , Askew Sandy , Kay Melissa C. , Chisholm Miriam , Sirdeshmukh Gaurav , Hopkins Christina M. , Brewer Ashley , DeVries Abigail , Holder Marni , Bennett Gary G. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Pragmatic trials are needed to establish evidence-based obesity treatment in primary care settings, particularly in community health centers (CHCs) that serve populations at heightened risk of obesity. Recruiting a representative trial sample is a critical first step to informing care for diverse communities. We described recruitment strategies utilized in a pragmatic obesity trial and assessed the sociodemographic characteristics and odds of enrollment by recruitment strategy.

Methods:
We analyzed data from Balance, a pragmatic trial implemented within a network of CHCs. We recruited participants via health center-based and electronic health record (EHR)-informed mail recruitment. We analyzed associations between sociodemographic characteristics and the return rate of patient authorization forms (required for participation) from EHR-informed mail recruitment. We also compared sociodemographic characteristics and randomization odds by recruitment strategy after returning authorization forms.

Results:
Of the individuals recruited through EHR-informed mail recruitment, females were more likely than males to return authorization forms; however, there were no differences in rates of return by preferred language (English/Spanish) or age. Females; underrepresented racial and ethnic groups; Spanish speakers; younger adults; and those with lower education levels were recruited more successfully in the health center. In contrast, their counterparts were more responsive to mail recruitment. Once authorization forms were returned, the odds of being randomized did not significantly differ by recruitment method.

Conclusion:
Health center-based recruitment was essential to meeting recruitment targets in a pragmatic weight gain prevention trial, specifically for Hispanic and Spanish-speaking communities. Future pragmatic trials should consider leveraging in-person recruitment for underrepresented groups in research.
The Concept of “Marine Living Resources”: Navigating a Grey Zone in the Law of the Sea
Authors: RAFALY VONINTSOA 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe expression “living resources” occurs thirty-eight times in theUnited Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea(UNCLOS), but the latter does not give any legal definition of the term. The integration of environmental law taxonomy, such as biodiversity, in the evolution of the law of the sea has added to confusion regarding the meaning of “marine living resources.” To clarify the meaning of this expression and its legal scope in the evolution of the law of the sea, it is necessary to analyze the context of its use inUNCLOSand, more broadly, in the legal regime governing marine resources. This article aims to clarify the origins and extent of the confusion regarding the meaning of marine living resources and to analyze how the use of a broader semantic field in different legal instruments and other sources of international law has shaped the legal framework for the conservation and sustainable use of marine living resources.
Using Artificial Intelligence for Predicting the Duration of Emergency Evacuation During Hospital Fire
Authors: Sahebi Ali , Jahangiri Katayoun , Alibabaei Ahmad , Khorasani-Zavareh Davoud 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjective:A danger threatening hospitals is fire. The most important action following a fire is to urgently evacuate the hospital during the shortest time possible. The aim of this study was to predict the duration of emergency evacuation following hospital fire using machine-learning algorithms.Methods:In this study, the real emergency evacuation duration of 190 patients admitted to a hospital was predicted in a simulation based on the following 8 factors: the number of hospital floors, patient preparation and transfer time, distance to the safe location, as well as patient’s weight, age, sex, and movement capability. To design and validate the model, we used statistical models of machine learning, including Support Vector Machines Random Forest, Naive Bayes Classifier, and Artificial Neural Network.Results:Data analysis showed that based on the Area Under the Curve, precision, and sensitivity values of 99.5%, 92.4%, and 92.1%, respectively, the Random Forest model showed a better performance compared to other models for predicting the duration of hospital emergency evacuation during fire.Conclusion:Predicting evacuation duration can provide managers with accurate information and true analyses of these events. Therefore, health policy makers and managers can promote preparedness and responsiveness during fire by predicting evacuation duration and developing appropriate plans using machine learning models.
Platform work and access to social protection across major European countries
Authors: Sieker Felix 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper is a first attempt to analyse the relationship between social protection systems and countries’ responses towards the regulation of platform work. It is argued that the degree of accessibility to social protection for self-employed workers is a predictor for how countries will deal with platform work. Countries that provide wide access to social protection for the self-employed tend to develop a more integrative response towards these work arrangements from a social protection perspective because the social protection of platform workers is a smaller policy challenge. On the other hand, in countries with a low degree of accessibility to social protection schemes, the response towards platform work is more confrontational. These responses are characterised by a larger number of court cases and legislative proposals because social protection for platform workers is a more pressing policy challenge and platform work arrangements are understood to be more antagonistic towards the respective social protection systems.
The propagation paths of fluid-driven fractures in layered and faulted rocks
Authors: Gudmundsson Agust 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFractures that form when fluid pressure ruptures the rock are referred to as fluid-driven fractures or hydrofractures. These include most dykes, inclined sheets and sills, but also many mineral veins and joints, as well as human-made hydraulic fractures. While considerable field and theoretical work has focused on the geometry and arrest of hydrofractures, how they select their propagation paths, particularly in layered and faulted rocks, has received less attention. Here I propose that of all the possible paths that a given hydrofracture may follow, it selects the path of least (minimum) action as determined by Hamilton’s principle. This means that the selected path is that along which the energy transformed (released) multiplied by the time taken for the propagation is a minimum. Hydrofractures advance their tips/fronts in steps, with a time lag between the fracture front and the fluid front. In the present framework, each step is then controlled by Hamilton’s principle. The results suggest that when the hosting rock body is regarded as homogeneous, isotropic and non-fractured, hydrofracture paths are everywhere perpendicular to the trajectories of the minimum compressive (maximum tensile) principal stress σ3 and follow the trajectories of the maximum principal compressive stress σ1. When applied to layered and faulted rock body, the results indicate that hydrofracture paths may follow existing faults for a while, depending primarily on (1) the dip of the fault (steep faults are the most likely to be used by vertically propagating hydrofractures), and (2) the tensile strength across the fault compared with the tensile strength of the host rock along a path following the direction of σ1. The results suggest that hydrofractures may use faults as parts of their paths primarily if the fault is steeply dipping and with close to zero tensile strength.
African Traditional Religion and moral philosophy
Authors: Molefe Motsamai , Maraganedzha Mutshidzi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe article provides a philosophical explication of an African religious moral philosophy. Often philosophers repudiate the view that African Traditional Religions (ATR) can embody a religious moral philosophy. Theologians, on the other hand, tend to believe that ATR can, but they often do not provide a systematic account of such an ethical system. The article demonstrates that ATR can embody an under-explored moral philosophy. ATR refers to indigenous religious ideas, beliefs, and practices of the indigenous people below the Sahara. The article will invoke the metaphysical and moral concept of vitality as the basis to construct an African religious moral philosophy. (It is worth noting that this article merely constructs, but it does not defend, this ethical system.) Vitality is the spiritual energy that originates, maximally inheres and defines God, and God has since distributed it to all that exists, albeit in varying degrees. By ‘moral philosophy’, the article focuses on (1) meta-ethics (it proffers a vitality-based account of the moral terms right and wrong); (2) normative theory (it expounds on the perfectionist and deontological principles of right action); and (3) applied ethics (it invokes a vitality-based conception of moral status to explore environmental ethics and select bioethical themes).
Exploring the associations between neighbourhood food environment, household food insecurity and child weight-related outcomes in socio-economically and racially/ethnically diverse families
Authors: Agarwal Sarthak , Fertig Angela R , Trofholz Amanda C , Tate Allan D , Robinson Jenna , Berge Jerica M 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjective:To examine associations among neighbourhood food environments (NFE), household food insecurity (HFI) and child’s weight-related outcomes in a racially/ethnically diverse sample of US-born and immigrant/refugee families.Design:This cross-sectional, observational study involving individual and geographic-level data used multilevel models to estimate associations between neighbourhood food environment and child outcomes. Interactions between HFI and NFE were employed to determine whether HFI moderated the association between NFE and child outcomes and whether the associations differed for US-bornv. immigrant/refugee groups.Setting:The sample resided in 367 census tracts in the Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN metropolitan area, and the data were collected in 2016–2019.Participants:The sample was from theFamily Mattersstudy of families (n1296) with children from six racial/ethnic and immigrant/refugee groups (African American, Latino, Hmong, Native American, Somali/Ethiopian and White).Results:Living in a neighbourhood with low perceived access to affordable fresh fruits and vegetables was found to be associated with lower food security (P< 0·01), poorer child diet quality (P< 0·01) and reduced availability of a variety of fruits (P< 0·01), vegetables (P< 0·05) and whole grains in the home (P< 0·01). Moreover, residing in a food desert was found to be associated with a higher child BMI percentile if the child’s household was food insecure (P< 0·05). No differences in associations were found for immigrant/refugee groups.Conclusions:Poor NFE were associated with worse weight-related outcomes for children; the association with weight was more pronounced among children with HFI. Interventions aiming to improve child weight-related outcomes should consider both NFE and HFI.