bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A real-time COVID-19 surveillance dashboard to support epidemic response in Connecticut: lessons from an academic-health department partnership
Authors: Suri Abhinav , Askari Melanie , Calder Jennifer , Branas Charles , Rundle Andrew 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In response to the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, numerous institutions published COVID-19 dashboards for reporting epidemiological statistics at the county, state, or national level. However, statistics for smaller cities were often not reported, requiring these areas to develop their own data processing pipelines. For under-resourced departments of health, the development of these pipelines was challenging, leading them to rely on nonspecific and often delayed infection statistics during the pandemic. To avoid this issue, the Stamford, Connecticut Department of Health (SDH) contracted with the Columbia Mailman School of Public Health to develop an online dashboard that displays real-time case, death, test, vaccination, hospitalization, and forecast data for their city, allowing SDH to monitor trends for specific demographic and geographic groups. Insights from the dashboard allowed SDH to initiate timely and targeted testing/vaccination campaigns. The dashboard is widely used and highlights the benefit of public-academic partnerships in public health, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Effects of a novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant on the apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids, total tract phosphorus retention, and tibia ash in young broilers
Authors: Dersjant-Li Yueming , Abdollahi M Reza , Bello Abiodun , Waller Katie , Marchal Leon , Ravindran V 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe effect of a novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant (PhyG) on apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of amino acids (AA) and phosphorus (P) utilization in young broilers when added to diets with high phytate-P (PP) content without added inorganic phosphate (Pi) and deficient in digestible (dig) AA and metabolizable energy (ME) was investigated. A total of 256 Ross 308 male broilers were assigned to 4 treatments (8 birds/cage, 8 cages/treatment) in a completely randomized design. Treatments comprised a positive control (PC, 2,975 kcal/kg ME, 3.7 g/kg dig P, 2.83 g/kg PP, 8.4 g/kg Ca, 10.6 g/kg dig lysine), a negative control (NC) without added Pi (ME −68 kcal/kg, crude protein −10 g/kg, dig AA −0.1 to −0.4 g/kg, Ca −2.0 g/kg, dig P −2.2 g/kg, Na −0.4 g/kg vs. PC), and NC plus 500 or 1,000 FTU/kg of PhyG. Test diets were corn/soy/rapeseed-meal/rice-bran-based and fed from 5 to 15 d of age. Ileal digesta and tibias were collected on day 15. Excreta was collected during days 12 to 15 to determine P retention. The NC (vs. PC) reduced (P &lt; 0.05) P retention (−10.4% units), tibia ash (−14.3% units), weight gain (−109 g), feed intake (−82 g) and increased FCR (from 1.199 to 1.504), confirming that the NC was extremely deficient in nutrients and energy. Phytase addition to the NC linearly (P &lt; 0.001) improved performance, but did not fully recover it to the level of the PC due to the severe nutrients/energy reduction in NC. Phytase linearly increased P retention (P &lt; 0.001), tibia ash (P &lt; 0.001), AID of dry matter (P &lt; 0.05), nitrogen (P &lt; 0.01), gross energy (P &lt; 0.05), and all 17 individual AA (P &lt; 0.01). At 1,000 FTU/kg, phytase increased (P &lt; 0.05) P retention vs. PC and NC (+14.5 and +24.9% units, respectively) and increased tibia ash vs. NC (+13.8% units), equivalent to PC. The NC decreased AID of Cys, Gly, Thr, and Met vs. PC (P &lt; 0.05). At 1,000 FTU/kg, phytase increased AID of all 17 AA vs. NC (P &lt; 0.01), equivalent to PC. At 1,000 FTU/kg, AID AA responses (above NC) ranged from +4.5% (Met) to +15.0% (Cys), being maximal for essential Thr (+10.4%) and Val (+8.2%) and non-essential Cys (+15.0%) and Gly (+10.4%). The results highlight the efficacy of PhyG at a dose level of 500 to 1,000 FTU/kg in young broilers for improving the ileal digestibility of nitrogen, AA, and energy alongside P retention and tibia ash. The performance data emphasize the need to consider digestible nutrient intake as a response variable in exogenous enzyme studies.
Efficacy and Species Specificity of Baits and Lures for Spotted-Wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Authors: Whitener Alix B , Smytheman Peter , Beers Elizabeth H 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Monitoring is an important element in management programs for Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), helping users to avoid prophylactic treatments. Factors such as attractiveness, sensitivity, selectivity, longevity, and ease of use must be considered when developing a trap and lure system for monitoring and thresholds. We examined various baits and lures over a 5-yr period in sweet cherry orchards in the semiarid climate of eastern Washington. Using a jar trap, the attractants were evaluated for attractiveness (maximum capture), selectivity for D. suzukii (vs. other Drosophila species), and sex ratio of captured D. suzukii. We examined the relative performance of the attractants during periods of low (≈1 D. suzukii per trap per week) and high (232 D. suzukii per trap per week) density over the course of the growing season, which usually corresponded to mid-summer and autumn temperatures, respectively. The Scentry lure was consistently the most attractive lure, capturing the highest numbers of adult D. suzukii over the series of tests, but also had the highest levels of by-catch. Recipe-based baits (yeast, wine-vinegar, and apple cider vinegar) captured fewer D. suzukii overall, although the commercial baits Dros’Attract and Suzukii Trap were comparable to the Scentry lure in late season tests. The Trécé lures were consistently the most selective of the attractants, but had generally lower D. suzukii captures. Sex ratio varied widely among and within the tests, but with no consistent pattern among the various attractants. All attractants were successful in capturing flies, and the choice of attractant depends on the constraints and goals of the user.
Reasoning about Death in Biomedical Decision-Making
Authors: Weissman Jeremy 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDepending on our mode of reasoning—moral, prudential, instrumental, empirical, dialectical, and so on—we may come to vastly different conclusions on the nature of death and the appropriate orientation toward matters such as euthanasia or procuring organs from brain-dead patients. These differing orientations have resulted in some of the most enduring conflicts in biomedical decision-making with roots in the earliest strands of philosophical discourse. Through continually grappling with questions over matters of death, we continually step closer to clarity, even if certainty on these matters remains necessarily as elusive as death itself.
Frequency and characteristics of HTLV in migrants: results from the +Redivi collaborative network in Spain
Authors: Norman Francesca F , Salvador Fernando , Gullón Beatriz , Díaz-Menéndez Marta , Pérez-Ayala Ana , Rodriguez-Guardado Azucena , García-Rodriguez Magdalena , Henriquez-Camacho Cesar , Goikoetxea Josune , Bosch-Nicolau Pau , de la Calle Fernando , Ramos-Rincon Jose-Manuel , Aznar Maria-Luisa , Peñaranda María , Calabuig Eva , Suarez-Garcia Ines , Pérez-Molina Jose A , López-Vélez Rogelio 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Introduction
The objective of this study was to describe the main characteristics of migrants diagnosed with human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infection within the +Redivi Spanish network.

Methods
Patients with a diagnosis of HTLV type 1 or 2 in +Redivi from October 2009 to December 2020 were included. Diagnosis was based on positive HTLV serology (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)/chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA)) with line immunoassay (LIA)/Western blot with/without polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results
A total of 107/17 007 cases (0.6%) had a final diagnosis of HTLV infection: 83 (77.67%) HTLV-1 infections, 6 (5.6%) HTLV-2 infections and 18 (16.8%) non-specified. The majority (76, 71%) were female, median age was 42 years and median time from arrival to Spain until consultation was 10 years. The group included 100 (93.5%) immigrants and 7 (6.6%) visiting friends and relatives (VFR)-immigrants. Most patients were from South America (71, 66.4%), followed by Sub-Saharan Africa (15, 14%) and Central America-Caribbean (13, 12.1%). Around 90% of patients were asymptomatic at presentation and diagnosed as part of screening programs. Median duration of follow-up was 5 years (IQR 2–7). Regarding HTLV-associated conditions, 90 patients (84.2%) had none, 7 (6.5%) had tropical spastic paraparesis , 5 (4.7%) had other associated conditions (dermatitis, uveitis, pulmonary disease), 3 (2.8%) had other neurological symptoms and 2 (1.9%) had adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma. No patients with HTLV-2 had HTLV-associated conditions. Four patients (3.7%) died. Concomitant diagnoses were found in 41 (38.3%) patients, including strongyloidiasis in 15 (14%) and HIV co-infection in 4 (3.7%). In 70% of patients, screening of potential contacts was not performed/recorded.

Conclusions
HTLV infections (the majority due to HTLV-1) were mainly diagnosed in asymptomatic migrants from Latin America (generally long-settled immigrants and the majority female with the consequent implications for screening/prevention). A high rate of association with strongyloidiasis was found. In the majority, screening of potential contacts was not performed, representing a missed opportunity for decreasing the under diagnosis of this infection.
Modified Proline Metabolism and Prolidase Enzyme in COVID-19
Authors: Ergin Tuncay Merve , Neselioglu Salim , Asfuroglu Kalkan Emra , Inan Osman , Sena Akkus Meryem , Ates Ihsan , Erel Ozcan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective
The aim of the study was to evaluate proline metabolism in patients affected by COVID-19.

Materials and Methods
This case-control study consisted of 116 patients with COVID-19 and 46 healthy individuals. Tests related to proline metabolism (prolidase, proline, hydroxyproline, glutamic acid, manganese) and copper and zinc tests were analyzed.

Results
The levels of proline and hydroxyproline amino acids and the prolidase enzyme were found to be lower and glutamic acid was found to be higher in the COVID-19 group compared to the healthy group (P = .012, P &lt; .001, P &lt; .001, and P &lt; .001, respectively). The copper/zinc ratio was higher in patients with COVID-19 than in healthy individuals (P &lt; .001). Significant correlations were found between proline metabolism tests and inflammatory and hemostatic markers commonly used in COVID-19.

Conclusion
The proline metabolic pathway was affected in COVID-19. Relationships between proline pathway–related tests and inflammatory/hemostatic markers supported the roles of proline metabolism in proinflammatory and immune response processes.
Reaction rates and energy distributions for elementary processes in relativistic pair plasmas
Authors: Coppi P S , Blandford R D 
Published: February 2022

Summary
Reaction rates are given for two-body processes in an isotropic-pair plasma. The rates are accurate over mildly relativistic energies and are given as functions of the incident particle energies rather than integrated over a thermal distribution. The processes considered are: Compton scattering, pair annihilation, two-photon pair production, Coulomb scattering, and e-e bremsstrahlung. For the first three processes, the mean energy of the final states together with the dispersion in energy about their mean energies are computed. Approximate expressions are presented where these have proven useful. The results have been tabulated for use in kinetic equation studies of pair plasmas.
Mitigating massive triboelectric charging of drill in shadowed region of Moon
Authors: Mishra S K , Sana Trinesh 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
A scheme based on natural quantum electric field tunnelling to mitigate the substantial charge deposition due to triboelectric (frictional) charging from the drill set-up, operating in the shadowed region of the Moon, is presented. We have shown that the micro (nano) structuring of the surface of the drill set-up might efficiently support the charge dissipation and mitigate the massive charge deposition (i.e. from hundreds of kV to tens of MV) to a significantly lower magnitude (e.g. few tens of V). Physically, the micro (nano) tips act as field emission (FE) centres and generate sufficiently large FE current through quantum field tunnelling to compensate for the negative tribocharging current. Our calculations demonstrate that the instrument surface fabricated with 10 nm spherical tips, operating in the electron-rich region within the permanently shadowed crater, maintains itself to a much lower negative potential of ∼23 V – it significantly contrasts with the case of planar surfaces where the tribocharging dominates and develops a substantial negative potential of the order of ∼100 MV.
A population synthesis fitting of the Gaia resolved white dwarf binary population within 100 pc
Authors: Torres S , Canals P , Jiménez-Esteban F M , Rebassa-Mansergas A , Solano E 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
The Gaia mission has provided an unprecedented wealth of information about the white dwarf population of our Galaxy. In particular, our studies show that the sample up to 100 pc from the Sun can be considered as practically complete. This fact allows us to estimate a precise fraction of double-degenerate (1.18 ± 0.10 per cent) and white dwarf plus main-sequence stars (6.31 ± 0.23 per cent) among all white dwarfs through comoving pairs identification. With the aid of a detailed population synthesis code, we are able to reproduce synthetic white dwarf populations with nearly identical fractions as the observed ones, thus obtaining valuable information about the binary fraction, fb, initial mass ratio distribution, n(q), and initial separation distribution, f(a), among other parameters. Our best-fitting model is achieved within a 1σ confidence level for f(a) ∝ a−1, $n(q)\propto q^{n_q}$, with $n_q=-1.13^{+0.12}_{-0.10}$ and fb = 0.32 ± 0.02. The fraction of white dwarf mergers generated by this model is $9\sim 16{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, depending on the common-envelope treatment. As sub-products of our modelling, we find that around $1\sim 3{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the white dwarf population are unresolved double-degenerates and that only ${\sim}1{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of all white dwarfs contain a He-core. Finally, only a mild kick during white dwarf formation seems to be necessary for fitting the observed sky separation of double-degenerate systems.
The Galactic high mass X-ray binary population with Fermi-LAT
Authors: Harvey Max , Rulten Cameron B , Chadwick Paula M 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
We search for γ-ray emission from 114 Galactic high-mass X-ray binaries, including four well studied catalogued sources, in 12.5 yr of Fermi-LAT data in conjunction with the 10-yr point source catalogue. Where a γ-ray excess appears to be spatially coincident with an X-ray binary, further investigation is performed to ascertain whether this excess is the product of physical processes within the binary system itself. We identify γ-ray excesses coincident with 20 high-mass X-ray binaries where there is little or no prior evidence for γ-ray emission. However, we find that many of these are false positives caused by source confusion or the γ-ray background. None the less, tentative but promising indicators of γ-ray emission are identified for several new systems, notably including 1A 0535+262, RX J2030.5+4751, and SAX J1324.4−6200.
Volumetric endpoints in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: comparison to cross-sectional measures and outcome correlations in the International DIPG/DMG Registry
Authors: Lazow Margot A , Nievelstein Martijn T , Lane Adam , Bandopadhayhay Pratiti , DeWire-Schottmiller Mariko , Fouladi Maryam , Glod John W , Greiner Robert J , Hoffman Lindsey M , Hummel Trent R , Kilburn Lindsay , Leary Sarah , Minturn Jane E , Packer Roger , Ziegler David S , Chaney Brooklyn , Black Katie , de Blank Peter , Leach James L 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Cross-sectional tumor measures are traditional clinical trial endpoints; however volumetric measures may better assess tumor growth. We determined the correlation and compared the prognostic impact of cross-sectional and volumetric measures of progressive disease (PD) among patients with DIPG.

Methods
Imaging and clinical data were abstracted from the International DIPG Registry. Tumor volume and cross-sectional product (CP) were measured with mint Lesion™ software using manual contouring. Correlation between CP and volume (segmented and mathematical [ellipsoid] model) thresholds of PD were assessed by linear regression. Landmark analyses determined differences in survival (via log-rank) between patients classified as PD versus non-PD by CP and volumetric measurements at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 months postradiotherapy (RT). Hazard ratios (HR) for survival after these time points were calculated by Cox regression.

Results
A total of 312 MRIs (46 patients) were analyzed. Comparing change from the previous smallest measure, CP increase of 25% (PD) correlated with a segmented volume increase of 30% (R2 = 0.710), rather than 40% (spherical model extrapolation). CP-determined PD predicted survival at 1 month post-RT (HR = 2.77), but not other time points. Segmented volumetric-determined PD (40% threshold) predicted survival at all imaging timepoints (HRs = 2.57, 2.62, 3.35, 2.71, 16.29), and 30% volumetric PD threshold predicted survival at 1, 3, 5, and 9 month timepoints (HRs = 2.57, 2.62, 4.65, 5.54). Compared to ellipsoid volume, segmented volume demonstrated superior survival associations.

Conclusions
Segmented volumetric assessments of PD correlated better with survival than CP or ellipsoid volume at most time points. Semiautomated tumor volume likely represents a more accurate, prognostically-relevant measure of disease burden in DIPG.
Uniform single atomic Cu1-C4 sites anchored in graphdiyne for hydroxylation of benzene to phenol
Authors: Yu Jia , Cao Changyan , Jin Hongqiang , Chen Weiming , Shen Qikai , Li Peipei , Zheng Lirong , He Feng , Song Weiguo , Li Yuliang 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
For single-atom catalysts (SACs), the catalyst supports are not only anchors for single atoms, but also modulators for geometric and electronic structures, which determine their catalytic performance. Selecting an appropriate support to prepare SACs with uniform coordination environments is critical for achieving optimal performance and clarifying the relationship between the structure and the property of SACs. Approaching such a goal is still a significant challenge. Taking advantage of the strong d-π interaction between Cu atoms and diacetylenic in a graphdiyne (GDY) support, we present an efficient and simple strategy for fabricating Cu single atoms anchored on GDY (Cu1/GDY) with uniform Cu1-C4 single sites under mild conditions. The Cu atomic structure was confirmed by combining synchrotron radiation X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The as-prepared Cu1/GDY exhibits much higher activity than state-of-the-art SACs in direct benzene oxidation to phenol with H2O2 reaction, with turnover frequency values of 251 h−1 at room temperature and 1889 h−1 at 60°C, respectively. Furthermore, even with a high benzene conversion of 86%, high phenol selectivity (96%) is maintained, which can be ascribed to the hydrophobic and oleophyllic surface nature of Cu1/GDY for benzene adsorption and phenol desorption. Both experiments and DFT calculations indicate that Cu1-C4 single sites are more effective at activating H2O2 to form Cu=O bonds, which are important active intermediates for benzene oxidation to phenol.
Variation in Clinical Practice and Attitudes on Antibacterial Management of Fever and Neutropenia in Patients With Hematologic Malignancy: A Survey of Cancer Centers Across the United States
Authors: Barreto Jason N , Aitken Samuel L , Krantz Elizabeth M , Nagel Jerod L , Dadwal Sanjeet S , Seo Susan K , Liu Catherine 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Contemporary information regarding fever and neutropenia (FN) management, including approaches to antibacterial prophylaxis, empiric therapy, and de-escalation across US cancer centers, is lacking.

Methods
This was a self-administered, electronic, cross-sectional survey of antimicrobial stewardship physicians and pharmacists at US cancer centers. The survey ascertained institutional practices and individual attitudes on FN management in high-risk cancer patients. A 5-point Likert scale assessed individual attitudes.

Results
Providers from 31 of 86 hospitals (36%) responded, and FN management guidelines existed in most (29/31, 94%) hospitals. Antibacterial prophylaxis was recommended in 27/31 (87%) hospitals, with levofloxacin as the preferred agent (23/27, 85%). Cefepime was the most recommended agent for empiric FN treatment (26/29, 90%). Most institutional guidelines (26/29, 90%) recommended against routine addition of empiric gram-positive agents except for specific scenarios. Eighteen of 29 (62%) hospitals explicitly provided guidance on de-escalation of empiric, systemic antibacterial therapy; however, timing of de-escalation was variable according to clinical scenario. Among 34 individual respondents, a majority agreed with use of antibiotic prophylaxis in high-risk patients (25, 74%). Interestingly, only 10 (29%) respondents indicated agreement with the statement that benefits of antibiotic prophylaxis outweigh potential harms.

Conclusion
Most US cancer centers surveyed had institutional FN management guidelines. Antibiotic de-escalation guidance was lacking in nearly 40% of centers, with heterogeneity in approaches when recommendations existed. Further research is needed to inform FN guidelines on antibacterial prophylaxis and therapy de-escalation.