bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual autonomy and self-reported sexually transmitted infections among women in sexual unions
Authors: Adu Collins , Mohammed Aliu , Budu Eugene , Frimpong James Boadu , Tetteh Justice Kanor , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Seidu Abdul-Aziz 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are major public health challenges worldwide. Despite the importance of sexual autonomy in the prevention and control of sexual and reproductive health disorders such as STIs, there are limited studies on the possible relationship between women’s sexual autonomy and self-reported STIs, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study, therefore, examined the association between sexual autonomy and self-reported STIs among women in sexual unions in SSA.

Methods
Data from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) of 31 countries in SSA conducted between 2010 and 2019 were analysed. A total of 234,310 women in sexual unions were included in the study. Data were analysed using binary logistic regression models and the results were presented as crude odds ratios (cORs) and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) at 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results
The prevalence of self-reported STIs among women in sexual unions in SSA was 5.8%. Approximately 83.0% of the women surveyed had sexual autonomy. Women who had no sexual autonomy were less likely to have self-reported STIs (cOR=0.52, CI: 0.46-0.54), compared to those who had sexual autonomy. Additionally, higher odds of self-reported STIs were found among women aged 25-29, compared to those aged 15-19 (aOR= 1.21, CI: 1.09-1.35); those who reside in urban areas, compared to those who reside in rural areas (aOR= 1.51, CI: 1.37-1.66) and those who were cohabiting, compared to those who were married (aOR= 1.65, CI: 1.52-1.79). On the other hand, lower odds of self-reported STIs were found among women who were exposed to newspapers (aOR= 0.89, CI: 0.82-0.95), those whose partners had primary education (aOR= 0.84, CI: 0.78-0.91), those who were not exposed to radio (aOR= 0.84, CI: 0.79-0.89), and working women (aOR= 0.86, CI: 0.80-0.93).

Conclusions
Findings from this study suggest that sexual autonomy is a significant predictor of self-reported STIs among women in sexual unions in SSA. Thus, instituting policies and programs that empower women and improve their levels of sexual autonomy may result in increased self-reporting of symptoms associated with STIs which subsequently help in minimising STI-related complications. Also, policies aimed at enhancing women’s sexual autonomy may reduce the burden of STIs in SSA, especially among women in sexual unions.
Improving lookup and query execution performance in distributed Big Data systems using Cuckoo Filter
Authors: Mosharraf Sharafat Ibn Mollah , Adnan Muhammad Abdullah 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPerformance is a critical concern when reading and writing data from billions of records stored in a Big Data warehouse. We introduce two scopes for query performance improvement. One is to improve the performance of lookup queries after data deletion in Big Data systems that use Eventual Consistency. We propose a scheme to improve lookup performance after data deletion by using Cuckoo Filter. Another scope for improvement is to avoid unnecessary network round-trips for querying in remote nodes in a distributed Big Data cluster when it is known that the nodes do not have requested partition of data. We propose a scheme using probabilistic filters that are looked up before querying remote nodes so that queries resulting in no data can be skipped from passing through the network. We evaluate our schemes with Cassandra using real dataset and show that each scheme can improve performance of lookup queries for up to 2x.
Microbiomes of air dust collected during the ground-based closed bioregenerative life support experiment "Lunar Palace 365"
Authors: Yang Jianlou , Fu Yuming , Liu Hong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the dynamics of airborne microbial communities and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in space life support systems is important because potential pathogens and antibiotic resistance pose a health risk to crew that can lead to mission failure. There have been few reports on the distribution patterns of microbiomes and ARGs in space life support systems. In particular, there have been no detailed investigations of microbiomes and/or antibiotic resistance based on molecular methods in long-term confined bioregenerative life support systems (BLSSs). Therefore, in the present study, we collected air dust samples from two crew shifts, different areas, and different time points in the "Lunar Palace 365" experiment. We evaluated microbial diversity, species composition, functional potential, and antibiotic resistance by combining cultivation-independent analyses (amplicon, shot-gun sequencing, and qPCR).ResultsWe found that the bacterial community diversity in the Lunar Palace1 (LP1) system was higher than that in a controlled environment but lower than that in an open environment. Personnel exchange led to significant differences in bacterial community diversity, and source tracking analysis revealed that most bacteria in the air derived from the cabin crew and plants, but no differences in microbial function or antibiotic resistance were observed. Thus, human presence had the strongest effect on the succession of microbial diversity in the BLSSs.ConclusionsOur results highlight that microbial diversity in BLSSs is heavily influenced by changes in crew and is unique from other open and controlled environments. Our findings can be used to help develop safe, enclosed BLSS that meet the requirements of human survival and habitation in outer space. In addition, our results can further enhance our understanding of the indoor air microbial community and effectively maintain a safe working and living environment, including plant growth.
Structure–activity features of purines and their receptors: implications in cell physiopathology
Authors: Díaz-Muñoz Mauricio , Hernández-Muñoz Rolando , Butanda-Ochoa Armando 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe purine molecular structure consists of fused pyrimidine and imidazole rings. Purines are main pieces that conform the structure of nucleic acids which rule the inheritance processes. Purines also work as metabolic intermediates in different cell functions and as messengers in the signaling pathways throughout cellular communication. Purines, mainly ATP and adenosine (ADO), perform their functional and pharmacological properties because of their structural/chemical characteristics that make them either targets of mutagenesis, mother frameworks for designing molecules with controlled effects (e.g. anti-cancer), or chemical donors (e.g., of methyl groups, which represent a potential chemoprotective action against cancer). Purines functions also come from their effect on specific receptors, channel-linked and G-protein coupled for ATP, and exclusively G-coupled receptors for ADO (also known as ADORAs), which are involved in cell signaling pathways, there, purines work as chemical messengers with autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine actions that regulate cell metabolism and immune response in tumor progression which depends on the receptor types involved in these signals. Purines also have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and participate in the cell energy homeostasis. Therefore, purine physiology is important for a variety of functions relevant to cellular health; thus, when these molecules present a homeostatic imbalance, the stability and survival of the cellular systems become compromised.
Clinical and cost-effectiveness of social recovery therapy for the prevention and treatment of long-term social disability among young people with emerging severe mental illness (PRODIGY): randomised controlled trial
Authors: Berry Clio , Hodgekins Joanne , French Paul , Clarke Tim , Shepstone Lee , Barton Garry , Banerjee Robin , Byrne Rory , Fraser Rick , Grant Kelly , Greenwood Kathryn , Notley Caitlin , Parker Sophie , Wilson Jon , Yung Alison R. , Fowler David 
Published: January 2022

Background
Young people with social disability and severe and complex mental health problems have poor outcomes, frequently struggling with treatment access and engagement. Outcomes may be improved by enhancing care and providing targeted psychological or psychosocial intervention.

Aims
We aimed to test the hypothesis that adding social recovery therapy (SRT) to enhanced standard care (ESC) would improve social recovery compared with ESC alone.

Method
A pragmatic, assessor-masked, randomised controlled trial (PRODIGY: ISRCTN47998710) was conducted in three UK centres. Participants (n = 270) were aged 16–25 years, with persistent social disability, defined as under 30 hours of structured activity per week, social impairment for at least 6 months and severe and complex mental health problems. Participants were randomised to ESC alone or SRT plus ESC. SRT was an individual psychosocial therapy delivered over 9 months. The primary outcome was time spent in structured activity 15 months post-randomisation.

Results
We randomised 132 participants to SRT plus ESC and 138 to ESC alone. Mean weekly hours in structured activity at 15 months increased by 11.1 h for SRT plus ESC (mean 22.4, s.d. = 21.4) and 16.6 h for ESC alone (mean 27.7, s.d. = 26.5). There was no significant difference between arms; treatment effect was −4.44 (95% CI −10.19 to 1.31, P = 0.13). Missingness was consistently greater in the ESC alone arm.

Conclusions
We found no evidence for the superiority of SRT as an adjunct to ESC. Participants in both arms made large, clinically significant improvements on all outcomes. When providing comprehensive evidence-based standard care, there are no additional gains by providing specialised SRT. Optimising standard care to ensure targeted delivery of existing interventions may further improve outcomes.
Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease in US Adults With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Wallace Amelia S , Chang Alex R , Shin Jung-Im , Reider Jodie , Echouffo-Tcheugui Justin B , Grams Morgan E , Selvin Elizabeth 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective
Obesity is a global public health challenge and strongly associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but its burden and effects are not well understood in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Particularly, the link between obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in T1D is poorly characterized.

Research Design and Methods
We included all T1D and, for comparison, T2D in the Geisinger Health System from 2004 to 2018. We evaluated trends in obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2), low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (≤60 mL/min/1.73m2), and albuminuria (urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥ 30 mg/g). We used multivariable logistic regression to evaluate the independent association of obesity with CKD in 2018.

Results
People with T1D were younger than T2D (median age 39 vs 62 years). Obesity increased in T1D over time (32.6% in 2004 to 36.8% in 2018), while obesity in T2D was stable at ~60%. The crude prevalence of low eGFR was higher in T2D than in T1D in all years (eg, 30.6% vs 16.1% in 2018), but after adjusting for age differences, prevalence was higher in T1D than T2D in all years (eg, 16.2% vs 9.3% in 2018). Obesity was associated with increased odds of low eGFR in T1D [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.52, 95% CI 1.12-2.08] and T2D (AOR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.23-1.35).

Conclusions
Obesity is increasing in people with T1D and is associated with increased risk of CKD. After accounting for age, the burden of CKD in T1D exceeded the burden in T2D, suggesting the need for increased vigilance and assessment of kidney-protective medications in T1D.
Prediction of Shunt Responsiveness in Suspected Patients With Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Using the Lumbar Infusion Test: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Mládek Arnošt , Gerla Václav , Skalický Petr , Vlasák Aleš , Zazay Awista , Lhotská Lenka , Beneš Vladimír , Beneš Vladimír , Bradáč Ondřej 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND:
Machine learning (ML) approaches can significantly improve the classical Rout-based evaluation of the lumbar infusion test (LIT) and the clinical management of the normal pressure hydrocephalus.

OBJECTIVE:
To develop a ML model that accurately identifies patients as candidates for permanent cerebral spinal fluid shunt implantation using only intracranial pressure and electrocardiogram signals recorded throughout LIT.

METHODS:
This was a single-center cohort study of prospectively collected data of 96 patients who underwent LIT and 5-day external lumbar cerebral spinal fluid drainage (external lumbar drainage) as a reference diagnostic method. A set of selected 48 intracranial pressure/electrocardiogram complex signal waveform features describing nonlinear behavior, wavelet transform spectral signatures, or recurrent map patterns were calculated for each patient. After applying a leave-one-out cross-validation training–testing split of the data set, we trained and evaluated the performance of various state-of-the-art ML algorithms.

RESULTS:
The highest performing ML algorithm was the eXtreme Gradient Boosting. This model showed a good calibration and discrimination on the testing data, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.891 (accuracy: 82.3%, sensitivity: 86.1%, and specificity: 73.9%) obtained for 8 selected features. Our ML model clearly outperforms the classical Rout-based manual classification commonly used in clinical practice with an accuracy of 62.5%.

CONCLUSION:
This study successfully used the ML approach to predict the outcome of a 5-day external lumbar drainage and hence which patients are likely to benefit from permanent shunt implantation. Our automated ML model thus enhances the diagnostic utility of LIT in management.
Imaging Markers Associated With Radiation-Induced Changes in Brain Arteriovenous Malformations After Radiosurgery
Authors: Hu Yong-Sin , Yang Huai-Che , Lin Chung-Jung , Lee Cheng-Chia , Guo Wan-Yuo , Luo Chao-Bao , Liu Kang-Du , Chung Wen-Yuh , Wu Hsiu-Mei 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND:
Radiation-induced changes (RICs) in brain tissue, seen as increased perinidal T2-weighted hyperintensity on MRI, are commonly observed in patients with brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs) within 2 years after Gamma Knife (Elekta) radiosurgery (GKRS).

OBJECTIVE:
To explore the imaging markers associated with RICs in patients with BAVMs.

METHODS:
We retrospectively included 106 treatment-naïve patients with BAVMs who received GKRS alone between 2011 and 2018 and had ≥24 months of clinical and MRI follow-up. Pre-GKRS angiography and MRIs were analyzed for morphological characteristics and quantitative digital subtraction angiography parameters. RIC severity was categorized as mild (grade I), moderate (grade II), or severe (grade III). Firth logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the associations between the parameters and RICs.

RESULTS:
Among the 106 patients, 83 (78.3%) developed RICs, with 16 categorized as grade I, 62 as grade II, and 5 as grade III. RICs were symptomatic in 19 patients (17.9%). In multivariable models, BAVMs with a volume of >5 cm3 (odds ratio [OR]: 4.322, P = .024) and neoangiogenesis on angiography before treatment (OR: 3.846, P = .029), and thrombus within nidus or drainage vein on follow-up MRI (OR: 3.679, P = .001) were independently associated with grade II or III RICs. Symptomatic RICs were more likely to develop in basal ganglia or brainstem.

CONCLUSION:
Large BAVMs and neoangiogenesis were associated with moderate to severe RICs in treatment-naïve patients with BAVMs. Our findings may assist with the complication risk assessment for these patients.
SUMOylation modulates the function of DDX19 in mRNA export
Authors: Banerjee Poulomi , Markande Shubha , Kalarikkal Misha , Joseph Jomon 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Nuclear export of mRNAs is a critical regulatory step in eukaryotic gene expression. The mRNA transcript undergoes extensive processing, and is loaded with a set of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) to form export-competent messenger ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs) in the nucleus. During the transit of mRNPs through the nuclear pore complex (NPC), the DEAD-box ATPase – DDX19 (herein referring to DDX19A and DDX19B) – remodels mRNPs at the cytoplasmic side of the NPC, by removing a subset of RNA-binding proteins to terminate mRNP export. This requires the RNA-dependent ATPase activity of DDX19 and its dynamic interactions with Gle1 and Nup214. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying these interactions are unclear. We find that DDX19 gets covalently attached with a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) at lysine 26, which enhances its interaction with Gle1. Furthermore, a SUMOylation-defective mutant of human DDX19B, K26R, failed to provide a complete rescue of the mRNA export defect caused by DDX19 depletion. Collectively, our results suggest that SUMOylation fine-tunes the function of DDX19 in mRNA export by regulating its interaction with Gle1. This study identifies SUMOylation of DDX19 as a modulatory mechanism during the mRNA export process.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Increased Mass-Specific Maximal Fat Oxidation Rate with Small versus Large Muscle Mass Exercise
Authors: SKATTEBO ØYVIND , PECI DAFINA , CLAUSS MATTHIEU , JOHANSEN EGIL IVAR , JENSEN JØRGEN 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Skeletal muscle perfusion and oxygen (O2) delivery are restricted during whole-body exercise because of a limited cardiac output (Q˙). This study investigated the role of reducing central limitations to exercise on the maximal fat oxidation rate (MFO) by comparing mass-specific MFO (per kilogram of active lean mass) during one-legged (1L) and two-legged (2L) cycling. We hypothesized that the mass-specific MFO would be higher during 1L than 2L cycling.

Methods
Twelve male subjects (V̇O2peak, 59.3 ± 8.4 mL·kg−1·min−1; mean ± SD) performed step-incremental 2L- (30%–80% of V̇O2peak) and 1L (50% of 2L power output, i.e., equal power output per leg) cycling (counterbalanced) while steady-state pulmonary gas exchanges, Q˙ (pulse-contour analysis), and skeletal muscle (vastus lateralis) oxygenation (near-infrared spectroscopy) were determined. MFO and the associated power output (FatMax) were calculated from pulmonary gas exchanges and stoichiometric equations. A counterweight (10.9 kg) was added to the contralateral pedal arm during 1L cycling. Leg lean mass was determined by DEXA.

Results
The absolute MFO was 24% lower (0.31 ± 0.12 vs 0.44 ± 0.20 g·min−1, P = 0.018), whereas mass-specific MFO was 52% higher (28 ± 11 vs 20 ± 10 mg·min−1·kg−1, P = 0.009) during 1L than 2L cycling. FatMax was similar expressed as power output per leg (60 ± 28 vs 58 ± 22 W, P = 0.649). Q˙ increased more from rest to exercise during 1L than 2L cycling when expressed per active leg (ANOVA main effect: P = 0.003). Tissue oxygenation index and Δ[deoxy(Hb + Mb)] were not different between exercise modes (ANOVA main effects: P ≥ 0.587), indicating similar skeletal muscle fractional O2 extraction.

Conclusions
Mass-specific MFO is increased by exercising a small muscle mass, potentially explained by increased perfusion and more favorable conditions for O2 delivery than during whole-body exercise.
Association between Preseason/Regular Season Head Impact Exposure and Concussion Incidence in NCAA Football
Authors: STEMPER BRIAN D. , HAREZLAK JAROSLAW , SHAH ALOK S. , ROWSON STEVEN , MIHALIK JASON P. , RIGGEN LARRY , DUMA STEFAN , PASQUINA PAUL , BROGLIO STEVEN P. , MCALLISTER THOMAS W. , MCCREA MICHAEL A. ,   CARE Consortium Investigators
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Contact sport athletes are exposed to a unique environment where they sustain repeated head impacts throughout the season and can sustain hundreds of head impacts over a few months. Accordingly, recent studies outlined the role that head impact exposure (HIE) has in concussion biomechanics and in the development of cognitive and brain-based changes. Those studies focused on time-bound effects by quantifying exposure leading up to the concussion, or cognitive changes after a season in which athletes had high HIE. However, HIE may have a more prolonged effect. This study identified associations between HIE and concussion incidence during different periods of the college football fall season.

Methods
This study included 1120 athlete seasons from six National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I football programs across 5 yr. Athletes were instrumented with the Head Impact Telemetry System to record daily HIE. The analysis quantified associations of preseason/regular season/total season concussion incidence with HIE during those periods.

Results
Strong associations were identified between HIE and concussion incidence during different periods of the season. Preseason HIE was associated with preseason and total season concussion incidence, and total season HIE was associated with total season concussion incidence.

Conclusions
These findings demonstrate a prolonged effect of HIE on concussion risk, wherein elevated preseason HIE was associated with higher concussion risk both during the preseason and throughout the entire fall season. This investigation is the first to provide evidence supporting the hypothesis of a relationship between elevated HIE during the college football preseason and a sustained decreased tolerance for concussion throughout that season.
Shoulder Pain, Function, and Ultrasound-Determined Structure in Elite Wheelchair-Using Para Athletes: An Observational Study
Authors: BLAUWET CHERI A. , CHAKRAVERTY JULIAN , DERMAN WAYNE , IDRISOVA GUZEL , MARTIN PAUL , MILLER STUART C. , MORRISSEY DYLAN , WEBBORN NICK 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to determine the relationship between shoulder pain, physical examination, and tissue pathology in manual wheelchair users competing in elite sport.

Methods
Eighty elite para athletes who used a manual wheelchair for daily mobility were recruited from international track (n = 40), field (n = 19), and powerlifting (n = 21) competitions. Athletes were surveyed regarding shoulder pain history and symptoms (Wheelchair User’s Shoulder Pain Index (WUSPI)), whereas independent blind observers measured signs (Physical Examination of the Shoulder Scale (PESS)) and tissue pathology (Ultrasound Shoulder Pathology Rating Scale (USPRS)). Relationships between measures for the total cohort and for subgroups defined by sporting discipline were calculated.

Results
A large proportion of athletes reported a history of upper limb pain (39% dominant and 35% nondominant). For the total cohort, WUSPI score was 22.3 ± 26.9, PESS score was 7.4 ± 6.7, and USPRS score was 5.2 ± 4.0. There were no USPRS score differences between athlete subgroups; however, track athletes had lower WUSPI and PESS scores, especially compared with field athletes. The first principal component explained most of the variance in the WUSPI and PESS, which were strongly correlated (r = 0.71), and the second orthogonal component explained the USPRS, which did not correlate with either the PESS (r = 0.21) or WUSPI (r = 0.20). Subgroup analysis showed that track athletes had lower symptom scores for a given physical examination score.

Conclusions
Elite para athletes who use manual wheelchairs for daily mobility have a high prevalence of shoulder symptoms, positive signs on physical examination, and ultrasound-determined tissue pathology. Ultrasound-determined tissue pathology does not correlate with symptoms or signs. This information can help to guide clinicians in managing shoulder problems in this athlete population at high risk of injury.