bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of chronic inflammation with cardiovascular risk in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease—A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ljubičić Đivo , Balta Vedran , Dilber Dario , Vražić Hrvoje , Đikić Domagoj , Odeh Dyana , Habek Jasna Čerkez , Vukovac Emilija Lozo , Tudorić Neven 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsCOPD is progressive lung disease with known higher cardiovascular (CV) risk, mainly attributed to smoking of cigarettes as the main etiological factor of disease. The aim of this study was to compare CV risk in patients with COPD to control groups of smokers and non‐COPD and to investigate the relation of lung function variables, COPD severity, and smoking with Systemic Coronary Risk Estimation (SCORE) risk calculation, arterial stiffness (AS) values, and biological systemic inflammatory markers.MethodsA total of 208 subjects were included in this study: 61 subjects diagnosed with COPD, 83 smokers without COPD, and 64 nonsmokers without COPD. Medical history and clinical data were recorded, including assessment of pulmonary function and AS, calculation of ankle‐brachial index, blood analysis, and CV risk assessment by SCORE risk calculation.ResultsSubjects with COPD had significantly higher values of SCORE calculation of risk, central aortic pressure, AS, and markers of systemic inflammation compared to control groups of smokers and nonsmokers without COPD (p < 0.001). Furthermore, statistically significant increase in hs‐CRP concentration was found between the COPD group and the control group of non‐COPD smokers (p < 0.001), and a statistically significantly higher SCORE calculation was found in the COPD group compared to control groups of smokers and nonsmokers without COPD (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe results of the research support further identification and research of biological markers and simple specific tests such as arteriography that will enable progress in personalized treatment of patients with COPD and better primary and secondary prevention of comorbidities with the aim of improved treatment outcome.
Label‐free differentiation of clinical E. coli and Klebsiella isolates with Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Nakar Amir , Pistiki Aikaterini , Ryabchykov Oleg , Bocklitz Thomas , Rösch Petra , Popp Jürgen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRaman spectroscopy is a promising spectroscopic technique for microbiological diagnostics. In routine diagnostic, the differentiation of pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae family remain challenging. In this study, Raman spectroscopy was applied for the differentiation of 24 clinical E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca isolates. Spectra were collected with two spectroscopic approaches: UV‐Resonance Raman spectroscopy (UVRR) and single‐cell Raman microspectroscopy with 532 nm excitation. A description of the different biochemical profiles provided by the different excitation wavelengths was performed followed by machine‐learning models for the classification at the genus and species levels. UVRR was shown to outperform 532 nm excitation, enabling correct classification at the genus level of 23/24 isolates. Furthermore, for the first time, Klebsiella species were correctly classified at the species level with 92% accuracy, classifying all three K. oxytoca isolates correctly. These findings should guide future applicative studies, increasing the scope of Raman spectroscopy's suitability for clinical applications.
The effect of short selling on corporate social responsibility: Evidence from a quasi‐experiment
Authors: Hong Yongtao , Wei Wei , Young Alex 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStakeholder demands have been viewed as constraints on the organization, as well as opportunities that can benefit the firm. To distinguish between these views, we use a natural experiment to study how relaxing constraints on short selling affects corporate social responsibility (CSR). With a difference‐in‐differences design, we find that relaxing short selling constraints has a positive impact on CSR investment. Furthermore, we find that the increase in CSR varies with measures of overvaluation and financial constraints, is mainly attributable to the strategic subset of CSR rather than the social subset, and is driven by a decrease in CSR concerns. Our result is consistent with the view that CSR can benefit the firm through an insurance effect: firms increase CSR as protection from bad news becoming more readily incorporated into stock prices from greater short selling.
Analysis of anti‐apoptotic PVT1 oncogene and apoptosis‐related proteins (p53, Bcl2, PD‐1, and PD‐L1) expression in thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Ibrahiem Afaf T. , Makhdoom Amin K. , Alanazi Khalid S. , Alanazi Abdulaziz M. , Mukhlef Abdulaziz M. , Elshafey Saad H. , Toraih Eman A. , Fawzy Manal S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAn aberrant expression of long non‐coding RNA PVT1 has been associated with apoptosis in various cancer types. We aimed to explore the PVT1 and four apoptosis‐related proteins (p53, Bcl2, and PD‐1/PD‐L1) signature in thyroid cancer (TC).MethodsThe PVT1 expression level was measured in 64 FFPE TC paired samples by real‐time quantitative PCR. Overall and stratified analyses by different clinicopathological features were done. The apoptotic proteins were evaluated by immunohistochemistry staining.ResultsOverall analysis showed significant PVT1upregulation in TC tissues (p < 0.001). Similarly, subgroup analysis by BRAFV600E mutation showed consistent results. Lower expression of p53 was associated with mortality (p = 0.001). Bcl2 overexpression was associated with greater tumor size (p = 0.005). At the same time, HCV‐positive cases were associated with repressed Bcl2 expression levels (54.3% in HCV‐negative vs. 6.9% in HCV‐positive cases, p = 0.011). PD‐1 expression was associated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.004). Enhanced PD‐L1 expression in the tumor was associated with a higher tumor stage, lymphovascular invasion, and mortality risk. Kaplan–Meier curves for overall survival showed that low p53 and high PD‐L1 expressions were associated with lower survival time. The p53‐positive staining is associated with a 90% decreased mortality risk (HR = 0.10, 95%CI = 0.02–0.47, p = 0.001), while patients with high PD‐L1 were five times more likely to die (HR = 4.74, 95%CI = 1.2–18.7, p = 0.027).ConclusionOur results confirm the upregulation of PVT1 in TC. The apoptosis‐related proteins (p53, Bcl2, and PD‐1/PD‐L1) showed different prognostic utility in TC patients; in particular, low p53 and high PD‐L1 expressions associated with low survival times. Further large‐scale and mechanistic studies are warranted.
SEM and XRD for removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater and characterization of chicken eggshell
Authors: Amin Sumaira , Abbas Moneeza , Tahir Arifa , Ghani Nadia , Abrar Amina , Aslam Fakhra , Ahmad Safoora 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHeavy metal toxicity due to industrial wastewater has been a threat to the environment for the past many decades, especially in developing countries. Electroplating Industry wastewater containing heavy metals can become a serious environmental pollutant if not treated appropriately. Present study investigated the removal of nickel and chromium ions from electroplating wastewater using calcined hen eggshells because of it high removal capability, little cost and easy approachability. Characterization of the adsorbent such as proximate analysis, surface charge, X‐ray diffraction, and surface area was done prior to adsorption process. Batch adsorption experiment was performed to study the effect of different parameters such as adsorbent dose, contact time, temperature, and pH for adsorbent. Removal percentage of both heavy metals was checked by using calcined eggshell as adsorbent. Comparison was made between nickel and chromium to identify the most effective removal efficacy. It was concluded that utilization of natural waste was found suitable, easier, cost operative and environmental approachable for removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater.Research Highlights
To use ecofriendly approach for the treatment of industrial wastewater.
To used calcined eggshell as adsorbents for removing metal concentration from industrial wastewater.
To find the metal removal potential of calcined eggshell under various environmental conditions like dosage, contact time, temperature, and pH.
To checking the efficacy of calcined eggshell.
Mader's conjecture for graphs with small connectivity
Authors: Hong Yanmei , Liu Qinghai 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMader conjectured that for any tree of order , every ‐connected graph with minimum degree at least contains a subtree such that is ‐connected. In this article, we give a characterization for a subgraph to contain an embedding of a specified tree avoiding some vertex. As a corollary, we confirm Mader's conjecture for .
Accelerated Pancreatobiliary MRI for Pancreatic Cancer Surveillance in Patients With Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasms
Authors: Yoon Jeong Hee , Bae Jae Seok , Jeon Sunkyung , Chang Won , Lee Sang Min , Park Jin Young , Lee Jeong Sub , Lee Eun Sun , Cho In Rae , Lee Sang‐Hyub , Lee Jeong Min 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundPancreatobiliary MRI is often recommended for patients at risk of developing pancreas cancer. But the surveillance MRI protocol has not yet been widely accepted.PurposeTo establish an accelerated MRI protocol targeting the table time of 15 minutes for pancreatic cancer surveillance and test its performance in lesion characterization.Study typeProspective.PopulationA total of 30 participants were enrolled, who were undergoing follow‐up care for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms or newly diagnosed pancreatic cysts (≥10 mm) and were scheduled for or had recently undergone contrast‐enhanced CT (CECT).Field strength/sequenceA 3 T; heavily T2WI, 3D MRCP, DWI, dynamic T1WI, two‐point Dixon.AssessmentIn‐room time and table time were measured. Seven radiologists independently reviewed image quality of MRI and then the presence of high‐risk stigmata and worrisome features in addition to diagnostic confidence for accelerated MRI, CECT, and the noncontrast part of accelerated MRI (NC‐MRI).Statistical analysisFisher's exact test was used for categorical variables and either the Student's t‐test or Mann–Whitney test was performed for continuous variables. The generalized estimated equation was used to compare the diagnostic performance of examinations on a per‐patient basis. Interobserver agreement was evaluated via Fleiss kappa. A P value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.ResultsThe in‐room time was 18.5 ± 2.6 minutes (range: 13.7–24.9) and the table time was 13.9 ± 1.9 minutes (range: 10.7–17.5). There was no significant difference between the diagnostic performances of the three examinations (pooled sensitivity: 75% for accelerated MRI and CECT, 68% for NC‐MRI, P = 0.95), with the highest significant diagnostic confidence for accelerated MRI (4.2 ± 0.1). With accelerated MRI, the interobserver agreement was fair to excellent for high‐risk stigmata (κ = 0.34–0.98).Data ConclusionAccelerated MRI protocol affords a table time of 15 minutes, making it potentially suitable for cancer surveillance in patients at risk of developing pancreatic cancer.Evidence level2Technical efficacy stage2
Health preference research: An overview for medical radiation sciences
Authors: Brown Amy , Jones Scott , Yim Jackie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUnderstanding preferences of key stakeholders including patients, clinicians and policymakers can inform clinical practice, workforce and policy. It also allows health services to evaluate existing clinical practices, policies and procedures. This commentary aims to introduce medical radiation professionals to health preference research by describing commonly used preference methodologies, with a particular focus on discrete choice experiments. Relevant examples of health preference research will be highlighted to demonstrate the application of health preference research in medical radiation sciences.
A complete small‐signal model of GaAs dual‐gateHEMT
Authors: Huang Yuhan , Liu Jun , Chen Zhanfei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA complete small‐signal model of dual‐gate HEMT is proposed, considering the parasitic element effects. To extract the intrinsic elements accurately, the parasitic elements are eliminated by using a new method in this paper. It is realized by constructing two simple three‐port matrices and eliminating them with the features of ‐type and T‐type networks. This method is fast and accurate. Dual‐gate HEMTs could be regarded as a cascode connection of two single‐gate HMETs. A dual‐gate HEMT is fabricated on a commercial 0.25 μm GaAs technology to verify the proposed the extraction method. The result shows a good agreement between measured and simulated data over a wide frequency range.
Development of resistance to sarcoptic mange in ibex
Authors: Pérez Jesús M. , López‐Montoya Antonio J. , Cano‐Manuel Francisco J. , Soriguer Ramón C. , Fandos Paulino , Granados José E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSarcoptic mange affects mammal host species worldwide and, particularly, wild Caprinae throughout much of Eurasia. In the Iberian Peninsula, several outbreaks of sarcoptic mange in Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) have been reported since the 1980s. Using data from a period of long‐term monitoring and a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA)‐generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model approach, we performed a time‐series analysis of the monthly prevalence of sarcoptic mange in the Iberian ibex population in Sierra Nevada Natural Space in southern Spain. In January 2003–March 2021, we documented a significant negative trend in sarcoptic mange prevalence, albeit with some interannual peaks. These findings can only be explained if a certain level of resistance to sarcoptic mange exists in hosts that, along with other factors, could provoke this reduced prevalence. Prevalence values varied seasonally, with maximum values in spring and minimum values at the end of summer, which may be due to factors linked to climate, host behavior, and endocrine activity. Our model predicts that the prevalence of sarcoptic mange in the Iberian ibex will continue to decrease over the next 2 years. Despite the inherent challenges involved, diagnosing and monitoring of wildlife diseases are integral to obtaining reliable epidemiological data and designing appropriate management strategies.
Film Forming Nanogels for Needle‐Free Transdermal Vaccination
Authors: Sonzogni Ana , Cabrera Gabriel , Lupi Giuliana , Gugliotta Luis , Gonzalez Verónica , Marcipar Iván , Minari Roque 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTranscutaneous immunization (TCI) provides a valuable alternative approach to conventional vaccination because of the high accessibility and the exceptional immunological characteristics of the skin, but its application is limited by the low permeability of the stratum corneum. Although nanogels (NGs) have proven to enhance skin penetration of macromolecules with minimum damage, their use in TCI remains almost unexplored. In this context, this article evaluates the performance of novel film‐forming NGs (FF‐NGs) as TCI. This TCI platform consists of NGs with multilobular morphology that positively combines the properties of cross‐linked poly(N‐vinylcaprolactam), like thermoresponsiveness and the ability to load and release a cargo, with the film‐forming capacity of low Tg lobes. FF‐NGs and formed films are characterized at different levels. Formed films show to be able to uniformly load an antigenic protein and release it with a profile depending on the temperature and on their FF‐NGs content. In vivo studies have demonstrated that FF‐NGs promote the penetration of not only an antigenic protein, but also an adjuvant until the immunocompetent area of skin, generating an adjuvant‐dependent specific immune response. Finally, this study provides a successful proof of concept that FF‐NGs can be a powerful tool for the transcutaneous release of complex formulations.
Failure analysis of a double edge cracked curved composite beam
Authors: Inik T. , Karakus S. , Yetmez M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractToday, woven type composite materials are used in many engineering fields such as automotive and aerospace engineering. Besides the dynamic characteristics, understanding failure behavior is a key issue for such that materials. In this study, failure behavior of double edge cracked carbon woven carbon composite curved beams under compression is investigated using both experimental and computational approaches. For this purpose, following sequences are considered: (i) finite element models of uncracked curved beam, single edge cracked curved beam and double edge cracked curved beam are verified through modal testing and analysis, (ii) results of computational failure prediction of double edge cracked woven carbon woven curved beams under compression are compared with that of single edge cracked woven carbon woven curved beams. Effect of crack on determining failure mechanism of the curved beam is examined. Results are given in tabular and graphical forms.
Express diagnostics of stress‐strain states of materials
Authors: Harničárová M. , Valíček J. , Duer S. , Kušnerová M. , Palková Z. , Mital'ová Z. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe presented paper deals with the development of a new method for determining static and dynamic values of mechanical equivalents from ultrasonic wave measurements. The aim of the new method of determination of mechanical equivalents of materials based on ultrasonic wave measurements is the development of a new algorithm for implementation in instruments for express non‐destructive diagnostics of elastic‐strength and defectoscopic parameters and instantaneous stress‐strain state of the material, including theoretical construction of the σ‐ϵ load diagram and other analyses based on ultrasonic measurements. The proposed method is characterized by a new theoretical basis for determining the equivalents of physical‐mechanical and defectoscopic characteristics, i. e., the equivalents of the so‐called tabular values of materials, and, in addition, it will also expressively evaluate their time evolution changes due to the structural‐strain alteration of the material during the reshaping process under technological and functional stresses.
Study of the effect of temperature and relaxation time on the force‐strain characteristics of textile yarns upon tensile loading
Authors: Krmela J. , Krmelová V. , Dubec A. , Skalková P. , Gavendová M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe textile materials can be used in many technical applications in various fields, such as automotive. Depending on the application areas, the textile or fiber‐based materials have to meet certain predetermined requirements. Textile yarns can be used as reinforcing cords in composites in which an elastomeric matrix is used. The basic mechanical tensile test at standard temperature does not provide all the information required for obtaining the material parameters. The tests are also necessary to be performed at reduced temperatures, depending on the following application. Furthermore, it is necessary to consider stress relaxation in specific tests for the practical use. In this work, there is the experimental investigation of the effect of the selected temperatures (20 °C and 120 °C) and the relaxation times (60 s and 120 s) on the mechanical properties of the selected textile yarns from polyamide 6.6 under the uniaxial tensile tests. The results reveal that the relaxation time for the first 20 seconds is interesting because there is a significant decrease in the force while holding the strain. A final method is proposed, and it can be used for any other applications, and it guarantees the repeatability of measurements in the relatively fast measured time.
Calibration of a combined isotropic‐kinematic hardening material model for the simulation of thin electrical steel sheets subjected to cyclic loading
Authors: Kubaschinski P. , Gottwalt A. , Tetzlaff U. , Altenbach H. , Waltz M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe combined isotropic‐kinematic hardening model enables the description of the cyclic transient elastic‐plastic material behaviour of steel. However, the determination of the material model parameters and understanding of their influence on the material response can be a challenging task. This study deals with the individual steps of the material model calibration for the simulation of thin electrical steel sheets under cyclic loading. Specific recommendations are made for the determination of kinematic and isotropic hardening material parameters. In particular, the isotropic hardening evolution is described by Voce's exponential law and a simple multilinear approach. Based on the multilinear approach, which allows for different slopes in the evolution of the yield surface size, an alternative calibration of the isotropic hardening component is proposed. As a result, the presence of the yield plateau in the first half cycle can be accurately captured, while convergence issues in the material model definition for numerical simulations can be avoided. The comparison of simulated load cycles with experimental cyclic tests shows a good agreement, which indicates the suitability of the proposed material model calibration for electrical steel.
A small‐scale creep test for calibrating an efficient lifetime model for high pressure turbine blades
Authors: Dresbach C. , Wischek J. , Bartsch M. , Prien T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractJet engines of airplanes are designed such that in some components damage occurs and accumulates in service without being critical up to a certain level of damage. Since maintenance, repair, and component exchange are very cost‐intensive, it is necessary to predict efficiently the component lifetime with high accuracy. A former developed lifetime model, based on interpolated results of aerodynamic and structural mechanics simulations, uses material parameters estimated from literature values of standard creep experiments. For improved accuracy, an experimental procedure is developed for the characterization of the short‐time creep behavior, which is relevant for the operation of turbine blades of jet engines. To consider microstructural influences resulting from the manufacturing of thin‐walled single crystal turbine blades, small‐scale specimens from used turbine blades are extracted and tested in short‐ and medium‐time creep experiments. Based on experimental results and literature values, a creep model, which describes the fracture behavior for a wide range of creep loads, is calibrated and is now used for the lifetime prediction of turbine blades under real loading conditions.
Automotive reinforcement seat belt parts for light‐weight design by applying SPFC590 and DP660 high strength steels based on analysis of formability
Authors: Kim K.J. , Lee J.‐W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHigh‐strength steel, which has high strength characteristics compared to general body steel, has emerged as a representative lightweight material due to advantages such as excellent price competitiveness and easy applicability of manufacturing process compared to other lightweight materials such as nonferrous metal and sandwich plate. Therefore, this study aimed to reduce the thickness of parts and to make them lighter by applying high tensile steel of 600 MPa or more to various body parts. SPFC590 and DP660 high tensile steels were applied to reinforcement seat belt front upper and lower components, respectively. To this end, the mechanical properties of high tensile steel were measured and the performance of the parts and the rationality of the design process were investigated through FE‐analysis such as strength and forming analysis.