bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring PD-L1 Expression on Circulating Tumor–Associated Cells in Recurrent Metastatic Non–Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma Predicts Response to Immunotherapy With Radiation Therapy
Authors: Moran Jillian A. , Adams Daniel L. , Edelman Martin J. , Lopez Pablo , He Jianzhong , Qiao Yawei , Xu Ting , Liao Zhongxing , Gardner Kirby P. , Tang Cha-Mei , Lin Steven H. 
Published: December 2022

PURPOSE Current diagnostic methods to determine programmed death 1 (PD-1) receptor and its ligand (PD-L1)/PD-1 immunotherapy (immune checkpoint inhibitor [ICI]) efficacy in recurrent or metastatic non–small-cell lung carcinoma (rmNSCLC) are imprecise. Although previously shown that patients with high tumor PD-L1 (≥ 50%) demonstrate clinical benefit in the form of disease reduction and improved survival, patients with low PD-L1 (< 50%) sometimes benefit from treatment. Since the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway is dynamic, monitoring PD-L1 levels during treatment may be more accurate than a static baseline tumor biopsy; however, rebiopsying the primary or metastatic disease is rarely feasible. Liquid biopsies that measure the upregulation of PD-L1 on tumor-associated cells (TACs), ie, cancer-associated macrophage-like cells and circulating tumor cells, have been performed, but their predictive value for ICI therapy efficacy is unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS We initiated a single-blind prospective study to evaluate TAC PD-L1 expression changes in rmNSCLC from blood samples before (T0) and after (T1) treatment with ICI (ICI, n = 41) or without ICI (no ICI, n = 41). Anonymized blood was filtered to isolate TACs, which were then quantified for high/low PD-L1 expression. Progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS) hazard ratios (HRs) were evaluated at 18 and 24 months by censored univariate analysis. RESULTS Increased TAC PD-L1 expression between T0 and T1 in patients who were not treated with ICI had no relationship with PFS or OS. However, increased TAC PD-L1 expression between T0 and T1 in patients treated with ICI had significantly better PFS (HR, 3.49; 95% CI, 1.5 to 8.3; P = .0091) and OS (HR, 3.058; 95% CI, 1.2 to 7.9; P = .0410). CONCLUSION Blood-based monitoring of dynamic changes in PD-L1 in TACs appears to identify patients with rmNSCLC who may benefit from ICI.
Effect of an Intermittent Calorie-restricted Diet on Type 2 Diabetes Remission: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yang Xiao , Zhou Jiali , Shao Huige , Huang Bi , Kang Xincong , Wu Ruiyu , Bian Fangzhou , Hu Minghai , Liu Dongbo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Context
The 2021 consensus report on the definition and interpretation of remission of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been released. Although intermittent fasting diets (IF) are becoming very popular, no studies have investigated their benefit in diabetes remission.

Objective
The present study examined the effectiveness of IF in diabetes remission and potential remission durability.

Methods
Participants between ages 38 and 72 years with a duration of T2D of 1 to 11 years, a body mass index (BMI) of 19.1 to 30.4, 66.7% male, and antidiabetic agent use and/or insulin injection were randomly allocated at a ratio of 1:1 to the Chinese Medical Nutrition Therapy (CMNT) or control group. The primary outcome was diabetes remission, defined as a stable glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level of less than 48 mmol/mol (&lt; 6.5%) for at least 3 months after discontinuing all antidiabetic medications. The secondary outcomes included HbA1c level, fasting blood glucose level, blood pressure, weight, quality of life, and medication costs. We conducted a 12-month follow-up to assess the continuation of remission.

Results
On completing the 3-month intervention plus 3-month follow-up, 47.2% (17/36) of participants achieved diabetes remission in the CMNT group, whereas only 2.8% (1/36) of individuals achieved remission in the control group (odds ratio 31.32; 95% CI, 2.39-121.07; P &lt; 0.0001). The mean body weight of participants in the CMNT group was reduced by 5.93 kg (SD 2.47) compared to 0.27 kg (1.43) in the control group. After the 12-month follow-up, 44.4% (16/36) of the participants achieved sustained remission, with an HbA1c level of 6.33% (SD 0.87). The medication costs of the CMNT group were 77.22% lower than those of the control group (60.4/month vs 265.1/month).

Conclusion
This study demonstrated the clinical efficacy of CMNT in achieving diabetes remission for at least 1 year.
Αρχαιολογία στο μέτωπο
Authors: Λεκάκης Στέλιος 
Published: December 2022

Το έργο εξετάζει τις δραστηριότητες των ελλήνων αρχαιολόγων στη Μικρά Ασία το διάστημα 1919-1922 και τον ρόλο τους στη σύνθεση των εθνικών ταυτοτήτων στη Νοτιοανατολική Ευρώπη και την Τουρκία, μετά τον Πρώτο Παγκόσμιο Πόλεμο. Η έρευνα βασίζεται σε βιβλιογραφική και αρχειακή έρευνα, συνθέτοντας ένα σύνολο πληροφορίας για κάποιες αρχαιολογικές θέσεις στη Μικρά Ασία – θέατρα μιας ιδιότυπης «συγκρουσιακής» αρχαιολογίας και διαχείρισης μνημείων στις αρχές του 20ού αιώνα.
Το έργο αποτελεί συστηματική έρευνα και σύνθεση δεδομένων σχετικά με τις δραστηριότητες της Αρχαιολογικής Αποστολής Μικράς Ασίας (1919-1922), τις εξέχουσες προσωπικότητες που τη στελέχωσαν και τον ρόλο τους στα πολιτικά συμφραζόμενα της αποσύνθεσης της Οθωμανικής Αυτοκρατορίας και του αυξανόμενου οικονομικού ανταγωνισμού των ευρωπαϊκών δυνάμεων στην περιοχή.
Στα κύρια ερευνητικά ερωτήματα περιλαμβάνονται τα εξής:

Η εξέταση της επιλογής των συγκεκριμένων θέσεων για αρχαιολογική διερεύνηση, ο τρόπος διερεύνησής τους και κάποια από τα ευρήματα.
Η μελέτη των δραστηριοτήτων της Αρχαιολογικής Αποστολής Μικράς Ασίας και οι σχέσεις τους με τα σύγχρονα πολιτιστικά έργα στην Ελλάδα και την Τουρκία, εξετάζοντας παράλληλα το πώς συνέβαλαν ο «κλασικισμός» και η «βυζαντινή ταυτότητα» στη σύνθεση των εθνικών κρατών στις αρχές του 20ού αιώνα.
Η ανάλυση της σχέσης μεταξύ των δραστηριοτήτων της Αρχαιολογικής Αποστολής και της ανασκαφής/μετακίνησης των αρχαιοτήτων στη Μικρά Ασία μετά τον Πρώτο Παγκόσμιο Πόλεμο από άλλα ξένα αρχαιολογικά ιδρύματα.
Η εξέταση του τρόπου με τον οποίο οι ανακαλυπτόμενες αρχαιότητες οργανώθηκαν σε διαφορετικά εθνικά αφηγήματα και η δυνατότητα που μας δίνει αυτός ως σημείο αναφοράς για να προσεγγίσουμε χρήσεις και καταχρήσεις της πολιτιστικής κληρονομιάς στη δημιουργία «εθνικής συνείδησης» για τις «φαντασιακές κοινότητες» της Νοτιοανατολικής Ευρώπης στις αρχές του 20ού αιώνα.
Η προοπτική θεώρηση αυτής της μελέτης περίπτωσης, που αφορά τη χρήση της πολιτιστικής κληρονομιάς σε μια ταραγμένη περίοδο, ως βάση για μελλοντικά προγράμματα, με σκοπό την προώθηση της αλληλοκατανόησης και της συνεργασίας μεταξύ Ελλάδας και Τουρκίας.
Η εξέταση της αξίας της αρχαιολογικής γνώσης που δημιουργήθηκε στις αρχές του 20ού αιώνα, ως βάση για συνεργατικά σχέδια διαχείρισης αρχαιολογικών θέσεων με αντικρουόμενες ιστορίες/ερμηνείες, όπως είναι και τα εξεταζόμενα.
Το έργο συνιστά την τελευταία φάση ενός ευρύτερου προγράμματος που ξεκίνησε το 2007 και ολοκληρώνεται με τη σύνθεση ενός μικρού βιβλίου, το 2019, εκατό χρόνια μετά την απόβαση των ελληνικών δυνάμεων στη Μικρά Ασία.
Pun in Japanese Advertisement: Language, Cultural and Communicative Specifics
Authors: Mozgunova A. 
Published: December 2022

The article dwells upon cultural specific of pun in Japanese advertisement. Indirect communication strategy which includes word play is an essential part of advertising communication. Pun (word play) is considered to be amusing, humorous use of homophones, however, despite humorous effect and ambiguity of pun, pun is not necessary a joke in advertisement. The study is considered to be relevant due to a distinct role of pun in advertisement. About 28% of Japanese TV advertisement is humorous and 12% contains pun.
Game, and language game in particular, are considered to be culturally influenced and play important social role. This influence is reflected in using of precedent-related phenomena, idioms, cultural-specific realia. The paper shows that phonetic puns are used more frequently due to abundance of homophones; graphic transposition is also one of frequent types, but Japanese puns in ads do not use Latin alphabet – this is linked to specific of Japanese writing system and language competence; in order to solve a pun communicative competence is required as a large number of puns are created on the basis of linguocultiral and precedent-related phenomena; among jokes in Japanese ads harmless, nonaggressive are prevail that shows specific of Japanese humor and advertising communication. However transformation of linguistic and social standards may cause communicative fail.
The object of this research is pun in Japanese advertisement. The principle aims are to reveal cultural specific of pun.
As illustrative material pieces of Japanese advertisement and TV commercials were selected via Internet – all of them were published in 2014-2020.
Cooperative Learning for Smart Charging of Shared Autonomous Vehicle Fleets
Authors: Ahadi Ramin , Ketter Wolfgang , Collins John , Daina Nicolò 
Published: December 2022

We study the operational problem of shared autonomous electric vehicles that cooperate in providing on-demand mobility services while maximizing fleet profit and service quality. Therefore, we model the fleet operator and vehicles as interactive agents enriched with advanced decision-making aids. Our focus is on learning smart charging policies (when and where to charge vehicles) in anticipation of uncertain future demands to accommodate long charging times, restricted charging infrastructure, and time-varying electricity prices. We propose a distributed approach and formulate the problem as a semi-Markov decision process to capture its stochastic and dynamic nature. We use cooperative multiagent reinforcement learning with reshaped reward functions. The effectiveness and scalability of the proposed model are upgraded through deep learning. A mean-field approximation deals with environment instabilities, and hierarchical learning distinguishes high-level and low-level decisions. We evaluate our model using various numerical examples based on real data from ShareNow in Berlin, Germany. We show that the policies learned using our decentralized and dynamic approach outperform central static charging strategies. Finally, we conduct a sensitivity analysis for different fleet characteristics to demonstrate the proposed model’s robustness and provide managerial insights into the impacts of strategic decisions on fleet performance and derived charging policies. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2022.1187 .
Temporal trends of hospitalizations, comorbidity burden and in-hospital outcomes in patients admitted with asthma in the United States: Population-based study
Authors: Zghebi Salwa S. , Mohamed Mohamed O. , Mamas Mamas A. , Kontopantelis Evangelos 
Published: December 2022

Background
Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition and remains a common cause for hospitalization. However, contemporary data on asthma hospitalization rates, comorbidity burden, and in-hospital outcomes are lacking.

Methods
Survey-weighted analysis of hospitalization records with a primary diagnosis of asthma using data from the US National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample between 2004 and 2017. Outcomes were number of hospitalizations per 100,000 population and in-hospital outcomes including receipt of ventilation, length of stay, and hospital costs. Patient and admission characteristics and comorbidity burden were examined over time. Multivariable logistic and linear regression models were fitted for over-time risks of the outcomes.

Results
Among 3,098,863 asthma admissions between 2004 and 2017, mean (±SD) age was 29 (±25), 57% females, 36% White, 40% had Medicaid as primary payer. During 2004–2017, asthma hospitalizations declined from 89 to 56 per 100,000 population; length of stay remained overall stable; median (interquartile range IQR) inflation-adjusted hospital costs doubled from $8,446 (9,227) in 2004 to $17,756 (19,434) in 2017. Common comorbidities in patients admitted with asthma were hypertension and diabetes in adults, but gastroesophageal reflux disease, obstructive sleep apnoea, anemia, and obesity in children. Over time, the prevalence of mental illness increased by >50%. Severe asthma (IRR, 2.48; 95%CI: 2.27–2.72) and psychoses (IRR, 1.10; 1.05–1.14) were predictors of prolonged hospitalization. Asian/Pacific Islanders were more likely to receive ventilation (OR: 2.35; 1.73–3.20) than White patients. Hospital costs were significantly higher in females and adults with hypertension (coefficient, 1405.2; 283.1–2527.4) or psychoses (coefficient, 1978.4; 674.9–3282.0).

Conclusions
US asthma hospitalization rates fluctuated in earlier years but declined over time, which may reflect improvements in community care and declining asthma prevalence. Comorbidity burden, including mental illness, increased over time and is associated with in-hospital outcomes. This highlights the changing landscape of asthma admissions which may inform redesigning services to support pre-hospitalization asthma care and help further reduce admissions, particularly among patients with multimorbidity.
Chlorhexidine and octenidine susceptibility of bacterial isolates from clinical samples in a three-armed cluster randomised decolonisation trial
Authors: Denkel Luisa A. , Kramer Tobias S. , Schwab Frank , Golembus Jennifer , Wolke Solvy , Gastmeier Petra , Geffers Christine 
Published: December 2022

Background
Routine use of chlorhexidine or octenidine for antiseptic bathing may have unintended consequences. Our analysis aimed to assess the phenotypic susceptibility of bacterial isolates from clinical samples to chlorhexidine and octenidine collected from intensive care units (ICU) that routinely used 2% chlorhexidine-impregnated wash cloths or 0.08% octenidine wash mitts (intervention) or water and soap (control) for daily patient care.

Methods
This study was conducted within the context of a three armed cluster-randomised controlled decolonisation trial (Registration number DRKS00010475, registration date August 18, 2016). Bacterial isolates were collected prior to and at the end of a 12-month-intervention period from patients with ≥ 3 days length of stay at an ICU assigned to one of two intervention groups or the control group. Phenotypic susceptibility to chlorhexidine and octenidine was assessed by an accredited contract research laboratory determining minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) as percentage of extraction solutions used. MIC were reported as estimated concentrations in μg/ml derived from the chlorhexidine and octenidine extraction solutions. Statistical analyses including generalized estimating equation models were applied.

Results
In total, 790 ICU-attributable bacterial isolates from clinical samples (e.g. blood, urine, tracheal aspirate) were eligible for all analyses. Pathogens included were Staphylococcus aureus (n = 155), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS, n = 122), Escherichia coli (n = 227), Klebsiella spp. (n = 150) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 136). For all species, chlorhexidine and octenidine MIC did not increase from baseline to intervention period in the antiseptic bathing groups. For proportions of bacterial isolates with elevated chlorhexidine / octenidine MIC (≥ species-specific chlorhexidine / octenidine MIC50), adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRR) showed no differences between the intervention groups and the control group (intervention period).

Conclusion
We found no evidence for reduced phenotypic susceptibilities of bacterial isolates from clinical samples to chlorhexidine or octenidine in ICUs 12 months after implementation of routine antiseptic bathing with the respective substances.
Socioeconomic status index is an independent determinant of breast cancer screening practices: Evidence from Eastern China
Authors: Zhang Shunhua , Wang Hairuo , Liu Binhao , Yu Jianwei , Gao Yizheng 
Published: December 2022

Background
Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy affecting Chinese women, and early routine screening is incredibly important for its prevention and control. This study aimed to investigate the role of socioeconomic status (SES) in female breast cancer screening practices using the composite SES index.

Methods
This cross-sectional study involved 1816 women in Eastern China. Data were collected using an online self-administered questionnaire from January 2020 to May 2021. We used principal component analysis to construct the composite SES index using educational level, annual household income, and occupation. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between the SES index and breast cancer screening utilization.

Results
Of the participants, 19.27% reported having performed breast self-examination, 12.89% reported having undergone clinical breast examination, and 3.52% reported having received mammography. The SES has a significant influence on the patronage of female breast cancer screening in Eastern China. The composite SES index was found to have a positive and significant association with breast cancer screening practices. An interaction was found between the SES index and patient characteristics, such as health awareness, marital status, and location of residence. In addition, the SES index had a positive effect on breast cancer-related knowledge.

Conclusions
Socioeconomic inequalities existed in Eastern China and were related to breast cancer screening patronage. The composite SES index was identified as a significant determinant of breast cancer screening practices. Our results highlighted the negative impacts of socioeconomic inequities on female breast cancer screening utilization. This suggests that reducing socioeconomic inequalities in breast cancer screening requires more focused interventions and concerted outreach activities for groups with lower education levels, lower income, or lower occupational classes.
The incidence of deep vein thrombosis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: An analysis using routine ultrasonography of 260 patients
Authors: Joo Yong Bum , Kim Young Mo , Song Ju-Ho , An Byung Kuk , Kim Yun Ki , Kwon Soon Tae 
Published: December 2022

Background
Recent studies regarding deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction investigated only symptomatic complications. The purpose of this study was to assess the true incidence of DVT after ACL reconstruction, regardless of symptom manifestation.

Materials and methods
Medical records of 260 patients who underwent isolated ACL reconstruction between January 2014 and December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Regardless of symptom manifestation, DVT was examined for all patients at 1 week postoperatively using ultrasonography. Demographics, injury mechanism (high energy direct injury and low energy indirect injury), soft tissue injury, preoperative anterior laxity, tourniquet time, and surgical technique (transtibial, anteromedial portal, and outside-in techniques) were investigated. Soft tissue injury was evaluated on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, based on the Tscherne classification. Risk factors for proximal DVT were identified using logistic regression analyses.

Results
A total of 21 (8.1%) patients showed DVT. 5 (1.9%) patients had thrombosis at the popliteal vein; however, none of them exhibited symptoms. The other 16 patients had thrombosis at the distal veins: 1 patient at the anterior tibial vein, 5 patients at the posterior tibial vein, 3 patients at the peroneal vein, 6 patients at the soleal vein, and 1 patient at the muscular branch vein. The risk factors for proximal DVT included high energy direct injury (p = 0.013, odds ratio = 10.62) and grade 2 soft tissue injury (p = 0.039, odds ratio = 6.78).

Conclusions
The true incidence of DVT, including symptomatic and asymptomatic complications, were 8.1% after ACL reconstruction. This rate is higher than the previously known incidence which has been investigated only for symptomatic patients. Injury mechanism and soft tissue injury should be assessed when considering thromboprophylaxis.
Worträtsel, Etymologie und Ideologie in der Ektheosis Arsinoes des Kallimachos
Authors: Adorjáni Zsolt 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this paper I try to demonstrate that Callimachusʼ commemorative poem in honour of the deceased queen Arsinoe II capitalizes heavily on the notorious Hellenistic penchant for verbal puns. In addition, it will be argued that etymologic and anagrammatic devices are not only contrived for their own sake, but are part and parcel of the poemʼs meaning contributing to its poetic and ideological agenda.
Per una rilettura di BGU I 249
Authors: Bonagura Gianluca 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The article presents a couple of textual observations to BGU I 249, a letter from the gymnasiarch Chairemon to his estate manager in Bakchias Apollonios. It also explores the letter’s relationship to BGU I 248, another piece of the correspondence between Chairemon and Apollonios which can be compared for similar content and notable expressions of affection.
Facial Scars in the Greek Papyri
Authors: Papakostas Minas , Litinas Nikos , Konsolaki Eleni , Trompoukis Constantinos 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The indication of the location of a scar or scars on various parts of a body was used for the identification of persons in a large number of Greek non-literary documents. Facial scars were mentioned most frequently, obviously because they were the most distinguishing feature of the parts of the body that were not usually covered, and one could observe and record them immediately. However, the exact shape and form of these scars was not described, and only the general term “scar” was used. Various diseases and accidental wounds can be understood as having left permanent scars on the body, but mainly, and more specifically, on the head.
More New Accounts and Lists from Bawit in the Palau-Ribes Collection
Authors: Albarrán Martínez María Jesús , Jiménez Torres Leia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Εdition of three Coptic accounts (P. PalauRib. inv. 87r, 87v and 448) and three Coptic lists (P. PalauRib. inv. 408 [Coptic-Greek], 393v and 437v) from the Palau-Ribes collection (Barcelona) which can be linked to the Apa Apollo Monastery in Bawit. Despite being in a highly fragmentary state of conservation, we will analyse those aspects and characteristics which suggest that these documents belonged to the internal administration of the monastery.
Gone with the Flood: Natural Disasters and Children’s Schooling in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Qaisar , Hussain Karrar 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study investigates the impact of mass floods on children’s schooling in Pakistan. More precisely, it explores the effect of the 2010 floods that destroyed nearly 11,000 schools and left approximately half a million children out of school. Analyzing household data, we show that the flood resulted in children dropping out of school and plummeting education levels and literacy and school completion rates. Furthermore, the mechanisms behind these poor schooling outcomes are that employment and income levels fall drastically, and households adopt a self-insuring strategy—withdraw children from school and put them into child labor.
Lower bounds for the scalar curvatures of Ricci flow singularity models
Authors: Chan Pak-Yeung , Chow Bennett , Ma Zilu , Zhang Yongjia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In a series of papers, Bamler [5, 4, 6]
further developed the high-dimensional theory of Hamilton’s Ricci flow to include new monotonicity formulas, a completely general compactness theorem, and a long-sought partial regularity theory analogous to Cheeger–Colding theory.
In this paper we give an application of his theory to lower bounds for the scalar curvatures of singularity models for Ricci flow.
In the case of 4-dimensional non-Ricci-flat steady soliton singularity models, we obtain as a consequence a quadratic decay lower bound for the scalar curvature.