bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare service use for non-COVID-19 patients in Japan: retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yamaguchi Satoko , Okada Akira , Sunaga Shinji , Ikeda Kurakawa Kayo , Yamauchi Toshimasa , Nangaku Masaomi , Kadowaki Takashi 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the impact of the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare service use by non-COVID-19 patients.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingHospital-based claims database from anonymised hospitals in Japan.ParticipantsPatients (n=785 495) who visited and/or were hospitalised in 26 anonymised hospitals in Japan between January 2017 and November 2020.Outcome measuresWe compared changes in the monthly number of hospitalisations (overall or by diagnosis), outpatient visits, endoscopic fibrescopies (EFs), rehabilitations, outpatient chemotherapy treatments, maintenance haemodialysis treatments and outpatient prescriptions between pre-COVID-19 years and the same period in 2020.ResultsThe overall number of hospitalisations and outpatient visits decreased by 27% and 22%, respectively, in May 2020, of which the most substantial decrease was observed in the paediatrics department (65% and 51%, respectively). The number of hospitalisations for respiratory diseases, circulatory diseases, malignant neoplasms and digestive diseases decreased by a maximum of 55%, 32%, 10% and 26%, respectively, in 2020. The number of hospitalisations for non-COVID-19 pneumonia in patients aged <16 years, patients aged ≥16 years and patients with asthma decreased by 93%, 43% and 80%, respectively, in May 2020. EFs and outpatient rehabilitations decreased by >30%. In contrast, outpatient chemotherapy and maintenance haemodialysis treatments decreased by <10%, if at all. Outpatient prescriptions decreased by a maximum of 20% in 2020, with the largest decrease observed in drugs for obstructive airway diseases and cough and cold preparations.ConclusionsThe use of healthcare services by non-COVID-19 patients was most affected during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020. The number of hospitalisations for respiratory diseases, particularly non-COVID-19 pneumonia and asthma, drastically decreased, while the number of hospitalisations and outpatient chemotherapies for malignant neoplasms or maintenance haemodialysis was less affected.
Characterization of alpha and beta interactions in liquid xenon
Authors: Jörg Florian , Cichon Dominick , Eurin Guillaume , Hötzsch Luisa , Marrodán Undagoitia Teresa , Rupp Natascha 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLiquid xenon based detectors have achieved great sensitivities in rare event searches. Precise knowledge of the scintillation and ionization responses of the medium is essential to correctly model different interaction types in the detector including both signal and background-like ones. The response of liquid xenon to low energy electrons and to alpha particles has been studied in the Heidelberg Xenon (HeXe) dual-phase xenon TPC. We determine the light and charge signal yields for keV-energy electrons and MeV-energy alpha particles as well as the electron drift velocity for electric drift fields between 7.5 and 1640 V/cm. A three dimensional simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics is used to characterize the applied drift field and its homogeneity.
Vlasov description of the beam response to noise in the presence of wakefields in high-energy synchrotrons: beam transfer function, diffusion, and loss of Landau damping
Authors: Furuseth Sondre Vik , Buffat Xavier 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNoise can have severe impacts on particle beams in high-energy synchrotrons. In particular, it has recently been discovered that noise combined with wakefields can cause a diffusion that leads to a loss of Landau damping after a latency. Such instabilities have been observed in the Large Hadron Collider. This paper, therefore, studies the beam response to noise in the presence of wakefields, within the framework of the Vlasov equation. First, a wakefield beam eigenmode transfer function (MTF) is derived, quantifying the amplitude of a wakefield eigenmode when excited by noise. Then, the MTFs of all the wakefield eigenmodes are combined to derive the beam transfer function (BTF) including the impact of wakefields. It is found to agree excellently with multi-particle tracking simulations. Finally, the MTFs are also used to derive the single-particle diffusion driven by the wakefield eigenmodes. This new Vlasov-based theory for the diffusion driven by noise-excited wakefields is found to be superior to an existing theory by comparing to multi-particle tracking simulations. Through sophisticated simulations that self-consistently model the evolution of the distribution and the stability diagram, the diffusion is found to lead to a loss of Landau damping after a latency. The most important technique to extend the latency and thereby mitigate these instabilities is to operate the synchrotron with a stability margin in detuning strength relative to the amount of detuning required to barely stabilize the beam with its initial distribution.
ULTRASONOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE INFRAPATELLAR FAT PAD DURING KNEE EXTENSION
Authors: Kawaji Hayato , Aoki Mitsuhiro , Yamane Masahiro , Kataoka Yoshiaki 
Published: April 2022

Purpose: To investigate morphological changes in the infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) during active knee extension using ultrasonography. Methods: IPFP deformity from 30∘ knee flexion to full extension was recorded using ultrasonography. IPFP thickness and patellar tendon-tibial angle were evaluated on 26 healthy knees in the first session and nine knees in the second session. Intra-rater and inter-rate reliability were evaluated using coefficient of variation (CV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of types (1, 3) and (2, 3), respectively. Absolute reliability was assessed using the standard error of measurement (SEM). Changes in the patellar tendon-tibial angle and IPFP thickness were analyzed using paired [Formula: see text]-test. Results: At each knee angle, ICC (1, 3) was [Formula: see text] for the patellar tendon-tibial angle and IPFP thickness (CV [Formula: see text]). Compared to 30∘ knee flexion, the patellar tendon-tibial angle increased significantly from 33.3∘ to 38.9∘ ([Formula: see text]). The IPFP thickness significantly increased from 4.4[Formula: see text]mm to 5.3[Formula: see text]mm with active knee extension ([Formula: see text]), without overlap of the 95% CI of SEM. For inter-rater reliability, ICC (2, 3) was [Formula: see text] for each variable (CV [Formula: see text]). Conclusions: Increased IPFP thickness during active knee extension indicates IPFP deformity in the anterior interval. Ultrasonography may help evaluate morphological changes and estimate IPFP scarring.
Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Protein Kinase Inhibition Profiling of C. ambrosioides Seed Extracts along with RP-HPLC
Authors: Bano Saira , Baig Muhammad Waleed , Okla Mohammad K. , Zahra Syeda Saniya , Akhtar Nosheen , Al-Qahtani Wahidah H. , AbdElgawad Hamada , Haq Ihsan-Ul 
Published: April 2022

The validation of underexplored traditional plant remedies represents a reservoir of novel leads for drug discovery. In line with this, in vitro total phenolics and flavonoids content, multimode antioxidants, antimicrobial, cytotoxicity, and protein kinase inhibition assays were conducted on C. ambrosioides seed extracts in addition to RP-HPLC. Methanol extract exhibited highest total phenolics (

64.6
±
0.6

μ
g

gallic acid equivalent/mg) and flavonoids (

50.9
±
0.5

μ
g

quercetin equivalent/mg) content. RP-HPLC quantified rutin (1.98 μg/mg) in methanol extract whereas quercetin (0.322 μg/mg) and kaempferol (2.86 μg/mg) in methanol-distilled water extract. Methanol extract exhibited highest ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE) free radical (DPPH) scavenging (IC50 of

110.7
±
5

μ
g
/
ml

), total antioxidant capacity (

110.6
±
2.2

μ
g

AAE/mg), and total reducing power (

94.30
±
0.46

μ
g

AAE/mg). Highest antibacterial activity against K. pneumonia (

14
±
1.61

mm

ZOI) and antifungal activity against F. solani (

17
±
1.38

mm

ZOI) were shown by n-hexane and chloroform extracts, respectively. Ethyl acetate extract exhibited highest brine shrimps cytotoxicity (LC50 of 125 μg/ml). A noteworthy protein kinase inhibitory potential was shown by ethanol extract with a

20
±
1.27

mm

bald zone. Therapeutic potential of medicinal plants can be completely explored by using multiple solvent system. This study makes C. ambrosioides, a resourceful prospect for the bioactivity-guided isolation of lead compounds.
The Need for New Treatments Targeting MPNST: The Potential of Strategies Combining MEK Inhibitors with Antiangiogenic Agents
Authors: González-Muñoz Teresa , Kim AeRang , Ratner Nancy , Peinado Héctor 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are aggressive soft-tissue sarcomas that represent an important clinical challenge, particularly given their strong tendency to relapse and metastasize and their relatively poor response to conventional therapies. To date, targeted, noncytotoxic treatments have demonstrated limited clinical success with MPNSTs, highlighting the need to explore other key pathways to find novel, improved therapeutic approaches. Here, we review evidence supporting the crucial role of the RAS/MEK/ERK pathway and angiogenesis in MPNST pathogenesis, and we focus on the potential of therapies targeting these pathways to treat this disease. We also present works suggesting that the combination of MEK inhibitors and antiangiogenic agents could represent a promising therapeutic strategy to manage MPNSTs. In support of this notion, we discuss the preclinical rational and clinical benefits of this combination therapy in other solid tumor types. Finally, we describe other emerging therapeutic approaches that could improve patient outcomes in MPNSTs, such as immune-based therapies.
Vitamin K2 and D in Patients With Aortic Valve Calcification: A Randomized Double-Blinded Clinical Trial
Authors: Diederichsen Axel C.P. , Lindholt Jes S. , Möller Sören , Øvrehus Kristian A. , Auscher Søren , Lambrechtsen Jess , Hosbond Susanne E. , Alan Dilek H. , Urbonaviciene Grazina , Becker Søren W. , Fredgart Maise H. , Hasific Selma , Folkestad Lars , Gerke Oke , Rasmussen Lars Melholt , Møller Jacob E. , Mickley Hans , Dahl Jordi S. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Menaquinone-7 (MK-7), also known as vitamin K2, is a cofactor for the carboxylation of proteins involved in the inhibition of arterial calcification and has been suggested to reduce the progression rate of aortic valve calcification (AVC) in patients with aortic stenosis.

Methods:
In a randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial, men from the community with an AVC score >300 arbitrary units (AU) on cardiac noncontrast computer tomography were randomized to daily treatment with tablet 720 µg MK-7 plus 25 µg vitamin D or matching placebo for 24 months. The primary outcome was the change in AVC score. Selected secondary outcomes included change in aortic valve area and peak aortic jet velocity on echocardiography, heart valve surgery, change in aortic and coronary artery calcification, and change in dp-ucMGP (dephosphorylated-undercarboxylated matrix Gla-protein). Safety outcomes included all-cause death and cardiovascular events.

Results:

From February 1, 2018, to March 21, 2019, 365 men were randomized. Mean age was 71.0 (±4.4) years. The mean (95% CI) increase in AVC score was 275 AU (95% CI, 225–326 AU) and 292 AU (95% CI, 246–338 AU) in the intervention and placebo groups, respectively. The mean difference on AVC progression was 17 AU (95% CI, –86 to 53 AU;
P
=0.64). The mean change in aortic valve area was 0.02 cm
2
(95% CI, –0.09 to 0.12 cm
2
;
P
=0.78) and in peak aortic jet velocity was 0.04 m/s (95% CI, –0.11 to 0.02 m/s;
P
=0.21). The progression in aortic and coronary artery calcification score was not significantly different between patients treated with MK-7 plus vitamin D and patients receiving placebo. There was no difference in the rate of heart valve surgery (1 versus 2 patients;
P
=0.99), all-cause death (1 versus 4 patients;
P
=0.37), or cardiovascular events (10 versus 10 patients;
P
=0.99). Compared with patients in the placebo arm, a significant reduction in dp-ucMGP was observed with MK-7 plus vitamin D (–212 pmol/L versus 45 pmol/L;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:
In elderly men with an AVC score >300 AU, 2 years MK-7 plus vitamin D supplementation did not influence AVC progression.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03243890.
Silencing the Land: Joshua as a Military Ritualist
Authors: Haigh Rebekah J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In Joshua’s opening military salvo at Jericho (6:8–21), he institutes a strange, oft-overlooked act of communal speechlessness. This absence of speech can be understood as itself a kind of ritual speech. As this paper will argue, Joshua can kill things with and without words. When seen against a backdrop of Near Eastern magic and divine warfare, Joshua emerges as a powerful ritualist, someone who weaponizes speech and speechlessness in service of military victory. As with Joshua’s adjuration in the Aijalon battle (10:12–14) and his curse over Jericho (6:26), his wordless march around the city can be understood as a ritual act with the performative force of cessation. The silencing of the land is both his ritual objective and the ultimate goal of conquest (11:23).
Uncovering the Unknown Known
Authors: Lindemann Thomas 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This review article provides an overview of the way in which three recently published edited volumes study emotions in International Relations; how they define and operationalise emotions;and how they make sense of the link between emotional framings and international violence. It is argued here that much progress has been made but that future research would benefit from a more detailed examination of the articulation between the social and the dominance of a certain emotional framing in a given (inter)national setting. Thus, emotions should not be considered as “independent variables” but as embedded in social structures and practices that favour or disfavour the expression of given emotions.
Religious Practice and Social Services in an Ottoman Sufi waqf Foundation
Authors: Güner Zülfikar F. Cangüzel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article investigates the endowment (waqf) foundation established by an Ottoman Sufi master of the Jilwatiyya order, ʿAzīz Maḥmūd Hudāʾī (1541–1628), and the impact of his philanthropic works on religious, social, and cultural life in sixteenth and seventeenth-century Istanbul. While providing his disciples with space for spiritual training in his Sufi lodge, Hudāʾī’s waqf also funded public services at his mosque. In contrast to the perception of the Ottoman Empire as an “Oriental despotism,” this article sheds light on the development of Hudāʾī’s waqf foundation as part of a public sphere and foci of the vibrant civil society that emerged in Ottoman lands. Such investigation also aims to demonstrate how the philanthropic work of a single individual living in Ottoman Istanbul could provide a space for solidarity building and collective activities among local communities and spur their engagement in civic services and additional charitable donations.
The Law of the Sea in the Age of Building an Appropriate Arctic Ocean Governance Addressing Climate Change Issues
Authors: Rafaly Vonintsoa 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Polar regions stand out due to the presence of rare and sensitive ecosystems, their vulnerability to climate change and other environmental threats and their importance for Indigenous communities, at the regional level, and for humankind as a whole. The Arctic region, is experiencing unexpected issues as a result of climate change effects. The law of the sea, as a prerequisite for ocean governance, constitutes a solid foundation for establishing an appropriate governance in this region to tackle current and future climate change issues. Therefore, the practice of the law of the sea in the region will be explored and the consideration of Arctic region’s specificities on this practice will be analysed.
Multisensory Perception and Learning: Linking Pedagogy, Psychophysics, and Human–Computer Interaction
Authors: Gori Monica , Price Sara , Newell Fiona N. , Berthouze Nadia , Volpe Gualtiero 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this review, we discuss how specific sensory channels can mediate the learning of properties of the environment. In recent years, schools have increasingly been using multisensory technology for teaching. However, it still needs to be sufficiently grounded in neuroscientific and pedagogical evidence. Researchers have recently renewed understanding around the role of communication between sensory modalities during development. In the current review, we outline four principles that will aid technological development based on theoretical models of multisensory development and embodiment to foster in-depth, perceptual, and conceptual learning of mathematics. We also discuss how a multidisciplinary approach offers a unique contribution to development of new practical solutions for learning in school. Scientists, engineers, and pedagogical experts offer their interdisciplinary points of view on this topic. At the end of the review, we present our results, showing that one can use multiple sensory inputs and sensorimotor associations in multisensory technology to improve the discrimination of angles, but also possibly for educational purposes. Finally, we present an application, the ‘RobotAngle’ developed for primary (i.e., elementary) school children, which uses sounds and body movements to learn about angles.
Early Latin Poetry
Authors: Elliott Jackie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This analysis explores aspects of the extant fragmentary record of early Roman poetry from its earliest accessible moments through roughly the first hundred and twenty years of its traceable existence. Key questions include how ancient readers made sense of the record as then available to them and how the limitations of their accounts, assumptions, and working methods continue to define the contours of our understanding today. Both using and challenging the standard conceptual frameworks operative in the ancient world, the discussion details what we think we know of the best documented forms, practitioners, contexts, and reception of Roman drama (excluding comedy), epic, and satire in their early instantiations, with occasional glances at the further generic experimentation that accompanied the genesis of literary practice in Rome.
Proximal vs. Total Gastrectomy: Is There a Difference in Quality of Life for Patients?
Authors: Irfan Ahmer , Yang Tianjiao , Bowring Mary , Blair Alex B. , Duncan Mark 
Published: April 2022

Background Proximal gastrectomy (PG) has been excluded from the arsenal of western surgical oncologists for fear of bile reflux and diet intolerance. However, it is often an appropriate, less morbid operation for patients requiring resection of a proximal gastric cancer. Methods Between 2013 and 2017, we performed 19 PG and 37 total gastrectomies (TGs), of whom 15 and 25 were alive at the time of data collection. In this single-center series, we present findings of a 10-question interview of patients who underwent proximal (n = 8) or TG (n = 16) regarding postgastrectomy food-related symptoms, based on a modified version of the validated Postgastrectomy Syndrome Assessment Scale. Results Out of 7 Likert scale questions, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups regarding bile reflux, early satiety, appetite, energy level, physical activity limitations, pain, or general dissatisfaction with their surgery. Patients from both groups reported eating similar amounts of their preoperative volume per meal and overall food volume for the day. Both groups reported eating a similar number of snacks and meals throughout the day. Food satisfaction scores, calculated by summation of the Likert scores, were not different. Conclusion Although limited by the small population, we did not find a clinically relevant difference in food-related symptoms comparing PG and TG patients. This pilot study suggests that PG is an appropriate alternative to TG in certain populations. Anecdotal beliefs regarding potential bile reflux or diet intolerance should be reconsidered.
Design of active fault-tolerant control system for Air-fuel ratio control of internal combustion engines using fuzzy logic controller
Authors: Riaz Umar , Amin Arslan Ahmed , Tayyeb Muhammad 
Published: April 2022

Background: Fault-Tolerant Control Systems (FTCS) are used in critical and safety applications to improve performance and stability despite failure modes. As a result, costly production losses related to unusual and unplanned shutdowns can be prevented by incorporating these systems in the critical process plant machines. The Internal Combustion (IC) engines are highly used process plant machines and faults in their sensors will cause their shutdown instigating the need to install FTCS in them. Introduction: In this paper, an Active Fault-Tolerant Control System (AFTCS) based on a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) is suggested to improve the reliability of the Air-Fuel Ratio (AFR) control system of an IC engine. Methodology: For analytical redundancy, a nonlinear Fuzzy Logic (FL) based observer is implemented in the proposed system for the Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) unit for nonlinear sensors of the AFR system. Lyapunov stability analysis was used for designing a stable system in both faulty and normal conditions. To evaluate its performance, this system was developed in the MATLAB/Simulink platform. Results: The simulation results show that the developed system is robust under sensor fault conditions, retaining stability with a minimum decrease of AFR. This study's comparison with the existing literature demonstrates that the proposed system is effective for maintaining the AFR in IC engines during sensor faulty conditions thus reducing shutdown of engine and production loss for increased profits.
Learning in the Time of COVID: Undergraduate Experiences of a Mid-Semester Transition to Virtual Learning due to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Reid Morgan P. , Ghose Sarah M. , MacPherson Ashley R. , Sabet Sahar M. , Williams Claire M. , Dautovich Natalie D. 
Published: April 2022

Background The COVID-19 pandemic caused an unprecedented mid-semester transition to virtual learning. Instructors and students had to adapt to new ways of delivering and receiving course material. Objective The present investigation examined whether course format and sense of belongingness were associated with learning satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as racial/ethnic or gender identity differences in academic experiences during this time. The current study also explored student perceptions of instructor support, changes in workload, and changes in learning. Method Undergraduate students ( N = 157) responded to quantitative and qualitative items regarding their academic experiences during the first semester of the pandemic in an online survey. Results Blended courses were associated with poorer outcomes than solely synchronous and asynchronous courses. There were no racial differences in academic experiences; however, women had more positive academic experiences than men. Greater academic and campus belongingness predicted better academic experiences. Students perceived clear, frequent instructor communication as vital to their success. Conclusion Students’ experiences with virtual learning varied depending on instructor and student factors. Teaching Implications Instructors can improve their students’ experiences with virtual learning by providing frequent, clear communication, resources on effective study and time management skills, and a sense of community.