bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Relevanz von sprachgeschichtlichem Wissen für den Schulalltag
Authors: Dücker Lisa , Szczepaniak Renata 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In diesem Beitrag skizzieren wir zuerst den bildungspolitischen Rahmen, den Bildungsstandards und Lehrpläne bilden. Während die bisherige Forschung vor diesem Hintergrund v. a. die konkrete Umsetzung im Schulunterricht analysiert (s. Böhnert 2017), richten wir den Fokus auf die frühe Bildungsphase der künftigen Lehrkräfte, aber auch anderer Deutschstudierender, indem wir ihre Einstellungen zur Relevanz sprachgeschichtlicher Kenntnisse für den Lehralltag erfragen. Dafür werden Lehramtsstudierende zu Beginn einer obligatorischen Einführungsveranstaltung befragt, wie sie die Relevanz von Kenntnissen in der historischen Sprachwissenschaft für den Schulunterricht einschätzen. Neben einigen Grundkompetenzen werden sie anschließend über ihre kulturellen Aktivitäten befragt, die mit sprachgeschichtlichen Themen in Verbindung stehen. Die Studie zeigt, dass Studierende am Anfang des Studiums sprachgeschichtliches Wissen fast genauso häufig als relevant wie irrelevant ansehen. Die ermittelten Präferenzen für Aktivitätsbereiche können im künftigen universitären Unterricht stärker in akademische Lehrformate umgesetzt werden, um für die künftigen Lehrkräfte neue schulische Handlungsmuster zu erschließen.
Kanonizität, Kontextualitäten und Traditionalitäten
Authors: Hoffmeister Toke 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWas wissen linguistische Laien eigentlich von der deutschen Sprach- und Literaturgeschichte? Dieser Frage geht der Beitrag nach und analysiert die Antworten von insgesamt 22 Gewährspersonen (GPn), mit denen ein Assoziationsexperiment durchgeführt wurde. Sprachgeschichte fristet in den Epistemika (vgl. Hoffmeister 2021) linguistischer Laien ein Schattendasein und wird bloß dort repräsentiert, wo es eine individuelle Relevanz für die linguistischen Laien aufweist (bspw. als Reliktwissen aus einem früheren Lehramtsstudium). Linguistische Laien – diese Verallgemeinerung darf vorsichtig getroffen werden ― sind sich einer gewissen Tradition der deutschen Sprache bewusst ― die Tradition und eine damit verbundene Relevanzbeimessung wird aber zumeist an Literatur rückgebunden, die als kulturell-biografisches Gedächtnis fungiert, während über die diachrone Entwicklung kein oder nur sehr eingeschränktes Wissen existiert. Die eingangs gestellte Frage kann tendenziell mit ‚nicht viel‘ beantwortet werden, wenngleich die Aspekte in fortführenden Studien dezidiert vertieft werden sollten. Der Beitrag möchte abschließend eine Diskussion über die Gründe eröffnen, weshalb sprachgeschichtliches Wissen bisher eine derart untergeordnete Rolle spielt.
DigitalHerrnhut. Neue Zugänge zur historischen Linguistik durch digital gestützte Lernumgebungen – ein Werkstattbericht
Authors: Lasch Alexander , Hetjens Dominik , Schuppe Robert C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Der Beitrag versteht sich als Werkstattbericht, der verschiedene Initiativen vorstellt, um die Möglichkeiten der digitalen Transformation für die prominente Platzierung sprachgeschichtlich orientierter Forschung und Lehre in akademischen und nichtakademischen Curricula zu nutzen. Im Mittelpunkt werden die Wissensarchive der Herrnhuter Brüdergemeine stehen. Nach einer knappen Einleitung werden die Brüderunität (Kap. 2) und der Forschungshub DigitalHerrnhut kurz vorgestellt (Kap. 3). In einem weiteren Schritt rücken wir virtuelle Exkursionen als Ankerpunkte für die curriculare Einbettung historisch-linguistischer Lehr- und Lernprojekte in den Fokus (Kap. 4), die wir in einem vierten Schritt exemplarisch am Beispiel eines Workflows vom Handschriftendigitalisat zum maschinenlesbaren Text im Kontext konkreter Erschließungszusammenhänge aus der herrnhutischen Nordamerikamission explizieren (Kap. 5), um an diesem Beispiel zu illustrieren, wie eine breite Öffentlichkeit für den Gegenstand begeistert und interdiszplinäre wie internationale Kollaboration ermöglicht werden kann.
Beauty Makes Humanity: The Application of Kant’s Aesthetic Power of Judgment in Value Choice
Authors: Zhouhuang Zhengmi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this paper, I use Kant’s theory of the aesthetic power of judgment to solve the problem of nonmoral value choice, which Kant himself did not deal with, and prove that my reconstruction can fit into Kant’s philosophy and function as a harmonization and unification of morality and happiness. First, I revisit Kant’s early view of intellectualized happiness to establish the feasibility of this project in Kant’s ethics. Second, by analogy with the contemplative judgment of taste and practical artistic creation, I argue for the universal communicability of pleasure in value choice from the transcendental perspective, on the one hand, and explain the various choices by individuals in reality from the empirical perspective, on the other. Ultimately, I connect the pursuit of intellectual happiness with the fulfillment of the imperfect duty of one’s own perfection, through which a transition from nature to freedom can be accomplished in Kant’s philosophy.
Deploying the high-power pulsed lasers in precision force metrology – Towards SI traceable and practical force quantization by photon momentum
Authors: Vasilyan Suren , Fröhlich Thomas , Rogge Norbert 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Design and operational performance of table-top measurement apparatus is presented towards direct Planck constant traceable high accuracy and high precision small forces and optical power measurements within the SI unit system. Electromagnetic force compensation weighing balances, highly reflective mirrors and high-energy pulsed laser unit (static average power 20 W) are tailored together with a specially developed opto-electro-mechanical measurement infrastructure for cross-mapping the scale-systems of two different precision small force measurement methods. One of these methods obtains the force measurements by a state-of-the-art classical kinematic system employing the partial use of Kibble balance principle in the range of 10 nN  to  4000 nN to be compared with forces generated due to quantum-mechanical effect namely the transfer of the momentum of photons from a macroscopic object. Detailed overview of the adapted measurement methodology, the static and the limits of dynamic measurement, the metrological traceability routes of the measurement parameters, quantities and their measurement uncertainties, parametric estimation of up (down)-scaling perspectives of the measurements are presented with respect to the state-of-the-art measurement principles and standard procedures within the newly redefined International System of Units (SI).
Neutrophil/lymphocyte and platelet/lymphocyte ratios as a biomarker in postoperative wound infections
Authors: Duran Hülya , Alpdemir Medine , Çeken Nihan , Alpdemir Mehmet Fatih , Kula Atik Tuğba 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to investigate retrospectively the association between the development of surgical wound infection after orthopedic surgery, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) obtained from complete blood count results.

Methods
A total of 120 patients who underwent orthopedic surgery between 2018 and 2020 were evaluated retrospectively in our study. Wound culture results, complete blood counts, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) values, orthopedic surgery, and wound types were obtained from the laboratory data administration system. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 22.0 software.

Results
A total of 70 patients who experienced surgical wound infection (66% males and 34% females) and 50 patients without wound infection (64% males and 36% females) were included in this study. The mean age was 46.8 ± 11.4 years for the patients with infection after surgery and 50.1 ± 11.7 years for the patients without infection. Preoperative CRP, NLR, and PLR, and post-operative white blood cell (WBC), neutrophils, ESR, CRP, NLR, and PLR values were significantly higher, and lymphocyte concentrations were significantly lower in the group with infection, in comparison with those without infection. In the postoperative period, CRP and ESR were high in patients with and without infection, while NLR was increased in only those with infection. A medium-level correlation was found between NLR and PLR, and CRP and ESR. Sensitivity was 66%, and specificity was 68% with a cut-off of >3.5 for NLR, while sensitivity was 42% and specificity was 71% with a cut-off of >135 for PLR.

Conclusions
We believe that the estimation of NLR and PLR values before the intervention in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery may be advantageous for identifying infection.
IV. Wahrheit oder Wahrscheinlichkeit als Urteilsgrundlage? Die Entstehung der freien richterlichen Beweiswürdigung
Authors: Schmoeckel Mathias 
Published: August 2022

Zusammenfassung
Wie entstanden die richterliche Beweiswürdigung und der Verzicht auf Wahrheit bei der richterlichen Urteilsfindung? Vermutungen rechtfertigten im römisch-kanonischen Beweisrecht meist kein Urteil. Im konfessionellen Zeitalter entstanden Theorien des Probabilismus, wonach Menschen allenfalls Wahrscheinlichkeiten erkennen konnten. Mathematiker bewiesen anhand von juristischen Schulfällen des 13. Jahrhunderts den substantiellen Unterschied zwischen Verdacht und nahezu sicherem Wissen. Der britische Sensualismus ließ im Jury-Mitglied den unvoreingenommenen Richter erkennen, wogegen der Berufsrichter nur durch Vorurteile geprägt sein könne. Die freie Beweiswürdigung wurde daher zum Ideal im Zuge der Französischen Revolution.
Inhalt: I. Einleitung. – II. Die objektive Wahrheit im gemeinen Beweisrecht, 1. Die Kraft der Vermutungen, 2. Ausnahme I: Jenseits der poena ordinaria, 3. Ausnahme II: Thomas de Piperata, 4. Ausnahme III: Das freie Ermessen des Fürsten. – III. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit bloß menschlicher Erkenntnis, 1. Melanchthon und die neue Sicherheit durch Methode, 2. Melchior Cano und die Antwort der römischen Kirche. – IV. Vom Skeptizismus zur Wahrscheinlichkeit sinnlichen Erkennens, 1. Michel de Montaigne, 2. John Locke, 3. David Hume. – V. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Mathematik, 1. Jakob und Nikolaus Bernoulli, 2. Bayes-Theorem. – VI. Der Weg zur französischen Revolution. – VI. Schluss
I. Eine μίσθωσις eines Palmengartens aus Philadelphia (P.Freib. 76)
Authors: Kaiser Wolfgang 
Published: August 2022

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag ediert, übersetzt und kommentiert eine bislang unveröffentlichte μίσθωσις des Jahres 226 n. Chr. über die Dattelernte eines Palmengartens aus Philadelphia im Arsinoites (= P.Freib. 76). Der μίσθωσις liegt ein Angebot in Form eines Hypomnema zugrunde. Der Eigentümer des Grundstücks ist ein Kaiserpriester und νεωκόρος des großen Sarapis, den vor Ort ein φροντιστής vertritt. Neben Standardklauseln weist das Angebot auch noch Besonderheiten auf: So zahlen die fünf Misthōsiswilligen neben dem φόρος auch eine weitere Summe an den Eigentümer für Bewachung und Befruchtung der Dattelpalmen. Anhang I erörtert, ob mit weiteren Ausfertigungen des Vertrages zu rechnen ist, Anhang II versucht eine Teilrekonstruktion von P.Tebt. I 158 und Anhang III setzt sich mit der Frage der adäquaten juristischen Terminologie zur Beschreibung einer μίσθωσις auseinander.
VI. Die longi temporis praescriptio in der diokletianischen Reskriptenpraxis
Authors: Harke Jan Dirk 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

The longi temporis praescriptio in Diocletian’s rescripts. The concept of longi temporis praescriptio, as it appears from the sources, is essentially the work of the lawyers in Diocletian’s chancellery. Taking a comprehensive approach that also extends to usucapio, they establish two firmly defined prerequisites: titulus as the objective element, that is given a technical denomination for the first time, and bona fides, understood as the good faith of the possessor. The praescriptio is thus transformed into an institute of substantive law, which not only corresponds to the replacement of formulary by cognition procedure, but is also in line with the already existing relation to the person of the owner. In this way, Diocletian’s jurists develop the available legal material in a thoroughly innovative manner.
VIII. Ius quod necessitas constituit, Senatusconsultum est. Jacques Cujas und die Grundlage der normativen Befugnis des römischen Senates
Authors: Marino Salvatore 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Ius quod necessitas constituit, Senatusconsultum est. Jacques Cujas and the foundation of the normative power of the Roman Senate. Jacqes Cujas identifies in his Paratitla, in his Observationes and extensively in the texts of his posthumously collected lectures, necessity to be the source and foundation of the normative power of the Roman Senate. In doing so, he revisited, rectified and refined the achievements of the medieval jurists, he connected literary and legal sources with philological precision and historical awareness, and achieved results, which are also particularly useful to the contemporary historiographical and historical legal reflection. This study attempts to render all these aspects, on the basis of the numerous testimonies in the Opera omnia, showing the context and the implications.
Legum Multitudo: Diskussionen und Perspektiven aus Anlass einer Übersetzung1)
Authors: Mantovani Dario 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Legum Multitudo. Discussions and Perspectives on the Occasion of a Translation. On the occasion of the Spanish translation of his study on the leges publicae in Roman private law, the author clarifies some of his own statements which were subsequently misunderstood and criticized, before commenting on parallel developments in this field of research over the last ­decade, especially on the revaluation of the leges regiae. The new results confirm the importance which the Romans attached to the lex; the role played by other forms of written sources of law also emerges, that taken together with the activity of jurists leads to a more complex and realistic picture of the Roman legal system – without diminishing the importance of jurisprudence.
Römisches Recht und kirchliches Recht. Rechtspluralismus und Multinormativität im merowingischen Frankenreich
Authors: Scholz Sebastian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article shows how Roman law and ecclesiastical law combined and could lead to a generation of norms that were not normative but practical. The focus lies on the question of how the coexistence or intermixture of Roman and ecclesiastical law played out. What do we know about the processes of norm generation that were conditioned by legal pluralism in the early Middle Ages? Is it sufficient to label these phenomena with the term ‘legal pluralism’, or is the term ‘multinormativity’ more appropriate? This study focuses on the normative enactments on child abandonment in Roman and ecclesiastical law and their adoption in the legal practice of the formulae. In addition, the provision of the 18th canon of the Synod of Mâcon (581/583) on perjury and its connection to Roman law, as well as the inheritance provision of the 12th
formula of the second book of the Formulae Marculfi are discussed.
Angebote in Form von Hypomnemata und Vertragsschlussbei der μίσθωσις
Authors: Kaiser Wolfgang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The article examines the various forms of signatures on offers for a μίσθωσις of land with regard to a conclusion of a contract. Reference is made to Peter Herrmann’s thesis (1958), which says that offers in the form of hypomnemata are seen as an empty form from a certain point in time onwards.
Überlegungen zum Vertragsschluss bei einer μίσθωσις über Grundstücke
Authors: Kaiser Wolfgang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The article discusses the question how a μίσθωσις of properties can become binding for the parties according to the greco-egyptian documents. It tries to show that Hans Julius Wolff’s teaching of the „Zweckverfügung“ is not sustainable for the conclusion of a μίσθωσις of properties. Instead of modifying this teaching (Behrend, Herrmann and Kränzlein), which is not indicated by the documents, the μίσθωσις of properties in the greco-egyptian documents can also be seen as a binding contract, and its liability is based on the consensus of the parties.
Resistance Training–Induced Gains in Rate of Force Development Are Maintained During Training Cessation: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Grgic Jozo , Grgic Ivana 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
The present meta-analysis examined the effects of resistance training on increasing the rate of force development (RFD), followed by exploring the changes in RFD occurring during training cessation. Five databases were searched to find eligible studies. Their methodological quality was evaluated using the Downs and Black checklist. The data were pooled in a random-effects meta-analysis. Seven studies with 11 training groups were included in the meta-analysis. All studies were classified as being of good or moderate quality. Resistance training increased RFD (d: 0.24; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.09–0.38). There was no significant difference in RFD between the postintervention and postdetraining periods (d: −0.02; 95% CI: −0.10–0.06). In subgroup meta-analyses, there was no significant difference (all p > 0.05) between the postintervention and postdetraining RFD when categorized according to detraining duration (up to 4 weeks versus 7–16 weeks) or participants' training status (untrained versus trained). This meta-analysis demonstrated that resistance training effectively increases RFD. More importantly, the results also indicated that gains in RFD are maintained after detraining. Thus, unlike a few other resistance training–induced adaptations (e.g., increases in muscular strength and muscular endurance), it seems that gains in RFD are preserved during a detraining phase.
Süt Dişi Başlangıç Mine Lezyonlarının Remineralizasyonunda Kullanılan Farklı Yapıdaki Diş Macunlarının Mikrosertlik Üzerine Etkisinin İn Vitro Koşullarda Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: UYSAL Sevil , TULGA ÖZ Firdevs 
Published: August 2022

Amaç:

Bu çalışmada; farklı içeriklerdeki remineralizasyon
kapasitesine sahip diş macunlarının, üst süt kesici dişlerdeki başlangıç mine
lezyonlarının remineralizasyonu üzerine etkinliğinin in vitro koşullarda
değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntemler:Çalışmamızda kullanılan 40 adet üst süt kesici dişe
uygulanan remineralizasyon materyalleri sırasıyla; florid içerikli diş macunu
(F), kazein fosfopeptid- amorf kalsiyum fosfatlı diş macunu (CPP-ACP), nanohidroksiapatitli
diş macunu (nHAP), ve kalsiyum gliserofosfat içeren diş macunu (CaGP)’dur.
Dişlere 7 günlük pH döngüsü boyunca materyaller günde iki defa bir aplikatör
yardımıyla uygulanmıştır. Örneklerin yüzey sertliğindeki değişimler ise
Mikrosertlik Testiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular:Tüm gruplarda demineralizasyon sonrası mikrosertlik
değerlerinin başlangıç ve pH döngüsü sonrası
değerlerine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde düşük olduğu
belirlenmiştir (p&lt;0,05).

Kullanılan diş macunlarıyla tedavi edilen örneklerin
mikrosertlik bulguları değerlendirildiğinde; çalışma sonucunda, grupların pH
döngüsü sonrası yüzey mikrosertlik değerleri arasındaki farkın istatistiksel
olarak anlamlı olduğu belirlenmiştir (p&lt;0,05).

Demineralizasyon ve remineralizasyon alanlarının
mikrosertlik değerlerinin sağlam mine değerlerine göre istatistiksel olarak
anlamlı düzeyde düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Tüm ajanların remineralizasyondan
sonraki yüzey sertlik değerleri demineralize alanlardan istatistiksel
olarak anlamlı derecede yüksek bulunmuş, remineralizasyondan sonra elde edilen
yüzey sertlik kazancı açısından gruplar arasında anlamlı bir fark
bulunamamıştır.Sonuçlar:Çalışmamızın Mikrosertlik bulguları
değerlendirildiğinde; tüm gruplarda uygulanan remineralizasyon ajanlarının,
oluşturulan başlangıç çürüklerinin remineralizasyonunda etkili olduğu ve
floride alternatif olarak kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler:Demineralizasyon, florid, kalsiyum gliserofosfat,
kazein fosfopeptid-amorf kalsiyum fosfat, mikrosertlik, nanohidroksiapatit,
remineralizasyon.
Families of the Past: Was the North-Western European Household System Prevalent in the 19th Century Lithuania?
Authors: Maslauskaitė Aušra , Leinartė Dalia , Dirsytė Irma 
Published: August 2022

The paper analyzes family and household types in the mid. 19th century Vilnius and Kaunas gubernijy. The research is based on the large-scale dataset composed of the archival census-like listings of individuals by family units and defined as inventories. The dataset covers the inventories from 1847 and it includes around 20 thousand individuals. Based on the Hammel and Laslett (1974) methodology the research identifies nuclear, extended, and multiple-family households. The research is guided by Hajnal’s (1982) theory on the North-Western and Eastern European household systems. The former could be characterized by the dominance of the nuclear family households. Empirical analysis proves that around 40 percent of all households were nuclear family households. On the other hand, multiple-family households were not dominant. Thus, the main findings corroborate the idea that there was a transitional zone between the Eastern and North-Western household systems in the western part of the tsarist Russian empire.
Examination of Abnormal Alpha-synuclein Aggregates in the Enteric Neural Plexus in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Gibo Noriaki , Hamaguchi Tomonari , Miki Yasuo , Yamamura Takeshi , Nakaguro Masato , Ito Mikako , Nakamuara Masanao , Kawashima Hiroki , Hirayama Masaaki , Hirooka Yoshiki , Wakabayashi Koichi , Ohno Kinji 
Published: August 2022

Background and Aims: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s disease. Accumulating knowledge points to the notion that abnormal aggregation of alpha-synuclein (αSyn) starts in the gut and ascends to the substantia nigra via the vagus nerve in about a half of PD patients. Epidemiological studies revealed that ulcerative colitis (UC) increases a risk for PD 1.3 to 1.8-folds. However, it remains unknown whether αSyn is abnormally aggregated in the enteric neurons in UC patients.
Methods: We first inspected and optimized the immunostaining protocols with an anti-phosphorylated αSyn antibody, pSyn#64, using the brain and the gut of eight autopsied cases (five with PD and three without PD). Then, we examined abnormal αSyn aggregation in the enteric neurons in 23 and 18 colectomized patients with and without UC, respectively. Five or more sections were stained for αSyn in each of 87 and 25 paraffin- embedded blocks in patients with and without UC, respectively.
Results: Ten different protocols of epitope exposure appropriately stained aggregated αSyn in the brain, but only complete lack of epitope exposure stained aggregated αSyn in the colon with low background. Abnormal αSyn aggregates, which was confirmed by co-localization of p62, in the enteric neurons were detected in a single patient with UC but not in any patients without UC.
Conclusions: Omission of epitope exposure enabled us to immunostain aggregated αSyn in the colon by pSyn#64 with low nonspecific staining, but the number of 23 UC patients was not high enough to discern whether abnormal αSyn aggregation in the colonic neural plexus was increased in UC or not.