bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Radio Broadcasting on Political Participation among People of South-South Nigeria
Authors: Arede Edeinmene , Oji Majority 
Published: June 2022

The impact of radio broadcasting on political participation in Nigeria's South-South Zone is investigated in this study. The importance of radio in political participation has been proven by scholars. Thus, this study builds on the success of radio in this area to ascertain if the same result can be replicated in South-South, Nigeria. The study is anchored on a cross-sectional research design and surveyed 400 respondents. Descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) inferential statistics were deployed to test stated hypotheses. In an r{376}0.878;p=0.000 findings, the study reaffirmed the position of scholars on the subject of investigation, indicating that South-South peoples’ behaviour towards political activities is strongly affected by radio broadcast. The study recommends that more effort is needed to ensure the information on the radio is knocked together to positively influence the behaviour of people and their thought on election processes in Nigeria.
Active force generation contributes to the complexity of spontaneous activity and to the response to stretch of murine cardiomyocyte cultures
Authors: Nayir Seyma , Lacour Stéphanie P. , Kucera Jan P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCardiomyocyte cultures exhibit spontaneous electrical and contractile activity, as in a natural cardiac pacemaker. In such preparations, beat rate variability exhibits features similar to those of heart rate variability in vivo. Mechanical deformations and forces feed back on the electrical properties of cardiomyocytes, but it is not fully elucidated how this mechano‐electrical interplay affects beating variability in such preparations. Using stretchable microelectrode arrays, we assessed the effects of the myosin inhibitor blebbistatin and the non‐selective stretch‐activated channel blocker streptomycin on beating variability and on the response of neonatal or fetal murine ventricular cell cultures against deformation. Spontaneous electrical activity was recorded without stretch and upon predefined deformation protocols (5% uniaxial and 2% equibiaxial strain, applied repeatedly for 1 min every 3 min). Without stretch, spontaneous activity originated from the edge of the preparations, and its site of origin switched frequently in a complex manner across the cultures. Blebbistatin did not change mean beat rate, but it decreased the spatial complexity of spontaneous activity. In contrast, streptomycin did not exert any manifest effects. During the deformation protocols, beat rate increased transiently upon stretch but, paradoxically, also upon release. Blebbistatin attenuated the response to stretch, whereas this response was not affected by streptomycin. Therefore, our data support the notion that in a spontaneously firing network of cardiomyocytes, active force generation, rather than stretch‐activated channels, is involved mechanistically in the complexity of the spatiotemporal patterns of spontaneous activity and in the stretch‐induced acceleration of beating.
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Key points
Monolayer cultures of cardiac cells exhibit spontaneous electrical and contractile activity, as in a natural cardiac pacemaker. Beating variability in these preparations recapitulates the power‐law behaviour of heart rate variability in vivo. However, the effects of mechano‐electrical feedback on beating variability are not yet fully understood.
Using stretchable microelectrode arrays, we examined the effects of the contraction uncoupler blebbistatin and the non‐specific stretch‐activated channel blocker streptomycin on beating variability and on stretch‐induced changes of beat rate.
Without stretch, blebbistatin decreased the spatial complexity of beating variability, whereas streptomycin had no effects.
Both stretch and release increased beat rate transiently; blebbistatin attenuated the increase of beat rate upon stretch, whereas streptomycin had no effects.
Active force generation contributes to the complexity of spatiotemporal patterns of beating variability and to the increase of beat rate upon mechanical deformation. Our study contributes to the understanding of how mechano‐electrical feedback influences heart rate variability.
Broncoespasmo severo inducido por cocaína. A propósito de un caso.
Authors: Cañas Torres Edward Ernesto , Casas Castro Onofre , Parra Cordoba Jose Fernando 
Published: June 2022

El consumo de sustancias psicoactivas es un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial. La cocaína ocupa un lugar importante, en cuanto a frecuencia de consumo, asociado a la necesidad de utilización de servicios médicos de urgencia por complicaciones derivadas de sobredosis e intoxicación con la exposición a la misma. Los efectos clínicos están plenamente caracterizados, pero dentro de estos no se identifica de manera clara y común la presencia de broncoespasmo. Entre los factores de riesgo para la generación del mismo encontramos exposición por vía inhalatoria y comorbilidad del paciente, entre las cuales el asma representa la gran mayoría de casos. Por esto se hace importante identificar dicha complicación asociada a contacto con esta sustancia, por lo que presentamos un caso en el cual el paciente desarrolla broncoespasmo severo con requerimiento de ventilación mecánica.
Improving Effectiveness of Flow Measurement by Bypass Method: A Technique Applied to Thermal Mass Flowmeter
Authors: Dasgupta Subhashish , Radhakrishnan Adhithya , Gandigudi Niranjan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Fluid velocity or flow rate measurement, by flow sampling or bypassing flow from main pipelines, offers several advantages, like reducing the footprint of the flowmeter and avoiding the stoppage of a process during flowmeter repair or replacement. The flow measurement technique could be thermal mass flowmetry, a popular flow measurement method. A major limitation in the bypassing technique is the low flow rate through the bypass pipe resulting in a weak flowmeter thermal signal or reduced sensitivity to flow. This paper describes the usage of a validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to investigate several bypass pipe designs to maximize fluid flow rate through the bypass pipes installed on the main pipeline and consequently maximize the thermal signal generated by an elementary thermal mass flowmeter installed on the bypass pipe. Investigations reveal that bypass design modification can improve thermal signal strength by as much as 38% with respect to that obtained in the baseline bypass design.
Physics and Instantaneous Performance of Radial Turbines in Unsteady Flows: Validity of the Quasi-Steady Assumption for the Rotor
Authors: Binder Nicolas , Bousquet Yanncik , Hermet Florian , Gressier Jérémie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Radial turbines are frequently submitted to unsteady inlet flows, for example, in turbocharging applications. Complex flows dominated by waves propagation take place, and advanced methodologies are required. Such complexity is hardly compatible with industrial constraints and design time scales. Also, the validity of the usual performance indicators, such as efficiency, is questionable in unsteady flows. However, the need for simplification led the community to develop modeling strategies for unsteady effects, based on hypotheses. One of those is that the rotor flow is assumed quasi-steady. This assumption is assessed by different criteria of the literature. It also enables an adaptation of performance indicators such as efficiency and pressure ratio. But the validity of such an assumption is still under discussion. The present paper is a contribution to this discussion. It focuses on a physical analysis of the physics involved in unsteady flows and the consequences that it produces on the instantaneous performance. Unsteady numerical simulations are analyzed, performed on a realistic radial turbine stage, which was submitted to different transient phases. An instantaneous overshoot of the turbine torque is observed for some transient regimes. Such a result demonstrates that the rotor flow is not immune to unsteady effects. A discussion is then conducted around the possible validity of the quasi-steady assumption for the rotor. This discussion includes the different criteria already found in the literature, and the alternative formulation proposed in this contribution, based on the ratio of time scales.
Regional variations and associations between colonoscopy resource availability and colonoscopy utilisation: a population-based descriptive study in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Webber Colleen , Flemming Jennifer A , Birtwhistle Richard , Rosenberg Mark , Groome Patti A 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveThere is substantial variation in colonoscopy use and evidence of long wait times for the procedure. Understanding the role of system-level resources in colonoscopy utilisation may point to a potential intervention target to improve colonoscopy use. This study characterises colonoscopy resource availability in Ontario, Canada and evaluates its relationship with colonoscopy utilisation.DesignWe conducted a population-based study using administrative health data to describe regional variation in colonoscopy availability for Ontario residents (age 18–99) in 2013. We identified 43 colonoscopy networks in the province in which we described variations across three colonoscopy availability measures: colonoscopist density, private clinic access and distance to colonoscopy. We evaluated associations between colonoscopy resource availability and colonoscopy utilisation rates using Pearson correlation and log binomial regression, adjusting for age and sex.ResultsThere were 9.4 full-time equivalent colonoscopists per 100 000 Ontario residents (range across 43 networks 0.0 to 21.8); 29.5% of colonoscopies performed in the province were done in private clinics (range 1.2%–55.9%). The median distance to colonoscopy was 3.7 km, with 5.9% travelling at least 50 km. Lower colonoscopist density was correlated with lower colonoscopy utilisation rates (r=0.53, p<0.001). Colonoscopy utilisation rates were 4% lower in individuals travelling 50 to <200 km and 11% lower in individuals travelling ≥200 km to colonoscopy, compared to <10 km. There was no association between private clinic access and colonoscopy utilisation.ConclusionThe substantial variations in colonoscopy resource availability and the relationship demonstrated between colonoscopy resource availability and use provides impetus for health service planners and decision-makers to address these potential inequalities in access in order to support the use of this medically necessary procedure.
The health workforce status in the WHO African Region: findings of a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ahmat Adam , Okoroafor Sunny C , Kazanga Isabel , Asamani James Avoka , Millogo Jean Jacques Salvador , Illou Mourtala Mahaman Abdou , Mwinga Kasonde , Nyoni Jennifer 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionSeveral efforts have been made globally to strengthen the health workforce (HWF); however, significant challenges still persist especially in the African Region. This study was conducted by the WHO Regional Office for Africa to present the status of the HWF in 47 countries as a baseline in measuring countries’ progress in implementing the Global Strategy for HWF by 2030.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional survey of 47 countries in the African Region using a semistructured questionnaire. Data were collected from January 2018 to April 2019. Before data collection, a tool was developed and piloted in four countries. The completed tools were validated in the countries by relevant stakeholders in the 47 countries. Data were collated and analysed in Epi Info and Microsoft Excel.ResultsThe total stock of health workers was approximately 3.6 million across 47 countries. Among these, 37% of the health workers were nurses and midwives, 9% were medical doctors, 10% were laboratory personnel, 14% were community health workers, 14% were other health workers, and 12% were administrative and support staff. Results show uneven distribution of health workers within the African Region. Most health workers (85%) are in the public sector. Regional density of physicians, nurses and midwives per 1000 population was 1.55, only 4 countries had densities of more than 4.45 physicians, nurses and midwives per 1000 population.ConclusionThis survey has demonstrated that the shortage and maldistribution of health workers in the WHO African Region remain a big challenge towards the attainment of universal access to health services. This calls for the need to substantially increase investment in the HWF based on contextual evidence in line with the current and future health needs.
Early mobilisation and rehabilitation in the PICU: a UK survey
Authors: Thompson Jacqueline Y , Menzies Julie C , Manning Joseph C , McAnuff Jennifer , Brush Emily Clare , Ryde Francesca , Rapley Tim , Pathan Nazima , Brett Stephen , Moore David J , Geary Michelle , Colville Gillian A , Morris Kevin P , Parslow Roger Charles , Feltbower Richard G , Lockley Sophie , Kirkham Fenella J , Forsyth Rob J , Scholefield Barnaby R 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveTo understand the context and professional perspectives of delivering early rehabilitation and mobilisation (ERM) within UK paediatric intensive care units (PICUs).DesignA web-based survey administered from May 2019 to August 2019.SettingUK PICUs.ParticipantsA total of 124 staff from 26 PICUs participated, including 22 (18%) doctors, 34 (27%) nurses, 28 (23%) physiotherapists, 19 (15%) occupational therapists and 21 (17%) were other professionals.ResultsKey components of participants’ definitions of ERM included tailored, multidisciplinary rehabilitation packages focused on promoting recovery. Multidisciplinary involvement in initiating ERM was commonly reported. Over half of respondents favoured delivering ERM after achieving physiological stability (n=69, 56%). All age groups were considered for ERM by relevant health professionals. However, responses differed concerning the timing of initiation. Interventions considered for ERM were more likely to be delivered to patients when PICU length of stay exceeded 28 days and among patients with acquired brain injury or severe developmental delay. The most commonly identified barriers were physiological instability (81%), limited staffing (79%), sedation requirement (73%), insufficient resources and equipment (69%), lack of recognition of patient readiness (67%), patient suitability (63%), inadequate training (61%) and inadequate funding (60%). Respondents ranked reduction in PICU length of stay (74%) and improvement in psychological outcomes (73%) as the most important benefits of ERM.ConclusionERM is gaining familiarity and endorsement in UK PICUs, but significant barriers to implementation due to limited resources and variation in content and delivery of ERM persist. A standardised protocol that sets out defined ERM interventions, along with implementation support to tackle modifiable barriers, is required to ensure the delivery of high-quality ERM.
Effects of digital devices and online learning on computer vision syndrome in students during the COVID-19 era: an online questionnaire study
Authors: Seresirikachorn Kasem , Thiamthat Warakorn , Sriyuttagrai Wararee , Soonthornworasiri Ngamphol , Singhanetr Panisa , Yudtanahiran Narata , Theeramunkong Thanaruk 
Published: June 2022

PurposeComputer vision syndrome (CVS) describes a group of eye and vision-related problems that result from prolonged digital device use. This study aims to assess the prevalence and associated factors of CVS among students during the lockdown resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA cross-sectional, online, questionnaire-based study performed among high school students in Thailand.ResultsA total of 2476 students, with mean age of 15.52±1.66 years, were included in this study. The mean number of hours of digital device use per day (10.53±2.99) increased during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with before its advent (6.13±2.8). The mean number of hours of online learning was 7.03±2.06 hours per day during the pandemic. CVS was found in 70.1% of students, and its severity correlated with both the number of hours of online learning and the total number of hours of digital device usage (p<0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the factors associated with CVS included age ≤15 years (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.17), overall digital device usage >6 hours per day (AOR=1.91), online learning >5 hours per day (AOR=4.99), multiple digital device usage (AOR=2.15), refractive errors (AOR=2.89), presence of back pain (AOR=2.06) and presence of neck pain (AOR=2.36).ConclusionsThe number of hours of digital device usage increased during lockdown. Over 70% of children had CVS, whose associated factors, including hours of digital device usage, hours of online learning, ergonomics and refractive errors, should be adjusted to decrease the risk of acquiring this condition. Online learning will remain, along with CVS, after this pandemic, and we hope our research will be taken into account in remodelling our education system accordingly.
Multicentre paired non-inferiority study of the cardiorespiratory monitoring performance of the wireless and non-adhesive Bambi® belt measuring diaphragm activity in neonates: study protocol
Authors: Scholten Anouk W J , Zhan Zhuozhao , Niemarkt Hendrik J , Vervoorn Marieke , van Leuteren Ruud W , de Jongh Frans H , van Kaam Anton H , van den Heuvel Edwin R , Hutten G. Jeroen 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionCardiorespiratory monitoring is used in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to assess the clinical status of newborn infants and detect critical deteriorations in cardiorespiratory function. Currently, heart rate (HR) is monitored by electrocardiography (ECG) and respiration by chest impedance (CI). Disadvantages of current monitoring techniques are usage of wired adhesive electrodes which may damage the skin and hinder care. The Bambi® belt is a wireless and non-adhesive alternative that enables cardiorespiratory monitoring by measuring electrical activity of the diaphragm via transcutaneous electromyography. A previous study showed feasibility of the Bambi® belt and this study compares the belt performance to ECG and CI.Methods and analysisThis multicentre non-inferiority paired study will be performed in the NICU of the Máxima Medical Center (MMC) in Veldhoven and the Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre (AmsterdamUMC) in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 39 infants in different postmenstrual age groups (minimally 10 infants<30 weeks, between 30–32 weeks and >32 weeks) will be recruited. These infants will be monitored with the Bambi® belt in addition to standard ECG and CI for 24 hours. The primary outcome is the HR, studied with three criteria: (1) the limits of agreement of the HR measurements in terms of the second-to-second difference in the HR between the belt and standard ECG, (2) the detection of cardiac events consisting of bradycardia and tachycardia and (3) the quality of HR-monitoring. The secondary outcome is the respiratory rate (RR), studied with the criteria (1) agreement in RR-trend monitoring, (2) apnoea and tachypnoea detection and (3) reliable registrations.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol was approved by the Medical Ethical Committee of the MMC and the Central Committee for Human Research. The MMC started patient recruitment in July and the AmsterdamUMC in August 2021. The results will be presented at conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNL9480.
Effects of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation delivery modes on exercise capacity and health-related quality of life in heart failure: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Tegegne Teketo Kassaw , Rawstorn Jonathan C , Nourse Rebecca Amy , Kibret Kelemu Tilahun , Ahmed Kedir Yimam , Maddison Ralph 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundThis review aimed to compare the relative effectiveness of different exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (ExCR) delivery modes (centre-based, home-based, hybrid and technology-enabled ExCR) on key heart failure (HF) outcomes: exercise capacity, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), HF-related hospitalisation and HF-related mortality.Methods and resultsRandomised controlled trials (RCTs) published through 20 June 2021 were identified from six databases, and reference lists of included studies. Risk of bias and certainty of evidence were evaluated using the Cochrane tool and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation, respectively. Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed using R. Continuous and binary outcomes are reported as mean differences (MD) and ORs, respectively, with 95% credible intervals (95% CrI). One-hundred and thirty-nine RCTs (n=18 670) were included in the analysis. Network meta-analysis demonstrated improvements in VO2peak following centre-based (MD (95% CrI)=3.10 (2.56 to 3.65) mL/kg/min), home-based (MD=2.69 (1.67 to 3.70) mL/kg/min) and technology-enabled ExCR (MD=1.76 (0.27 to 3.26) mL/kg/min). Similarly, 6 min walk distance was improved following hybrid (MD=84.78 (31.64 to 138.32) m), centre-based (MD=50.35 (30.15 to 70.56) m) and home-based ExCR (MD=36.77 (12.47 to 61.29) m). Incremental shuttle walk distance did not improve following any ExCR delivery modes. Minnesota living with HF questionnaire improved after centre-based (MD=−10.38 (−14.15 to –6.46)) and home-based ExCR (MD=−8.80 (−13.62 to –4.07)). Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire was improved following home-based ExCR (MD=20.61 (4.61 to 36.47)), and Short Form Survey 36 mental component after centre-based ExCR (MD=3.64 (0.30 to 6.14)). HF-related hospitalisation and mortality risks reduced only after centre-based ExCR (OR=0.41 (0.17 to 0.76) and OR=0.42 (0.16 to 0.90), respectively). Mean age of study participants was only associated with changes in VO2peak.ConclusionExCR programmes have broader benefits for people with HF and since different delivery modes were comparably effective for improving exercise capacity and HRQoL, the selection of delivery modes should be tailored to individuals’ preferences.