bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Americans experience a false social reality by underestimating popular climate policy support by nearly half
Authors: Sparkman Gregg , Geiger Nathan , Weber Elke U. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPluralistic ignorance—a shared misperception of how others think or behave—poses a challenge to collective action on problems like climate change. Using a representative sample of Americans (N = 6119), we examine whether Americans accurately perceive national concern about climate change and support for mitigating policies. We find a form of pluralistic ignorance that we describe as a false social reality: a near universal perception of public opinion that is the opposite of true public sentiment. Specifically, 80–90% of Americans underestimate the prevalence of support for major climate change mitigation policies and climate concern. While 66–80% Americans support these policies, Americans estimate the prevalence to only be between 37–43% on average. Thus, supporters of climate policies outnumber opponents two to one, while Americans falsely perceive nearly the opposite to be true. Further, Americans in every state and every assessed demographic underestimate support across all polices tested. Preliminary evidence suggests three sources of these misperceptions: (i) consistent with a false consensus effect, respondents who support these policies less (conservatives) underestimate support by a greater degree; controlling for one’s own personal politics, (ii) exposure to more conservative local norms and (iii) consuming conservative news correspond to greater misperceptions.
Genome-wide mutational signatures in low-coverage whole genome sequencing of cell-free DNA
Authors: Wan Jonathan C. M. , Stephens Dennis , Luo Lingqi , White James R. , Stewart Caitlin M. , Rousseau Benoît , Tsui Dana W. Y. , Diaz Luis A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMutational signatures accumulate in somatic cells as an admixture of endogenous and exogenous processes that occur during an individual’s lifetime. Since dividing cells release cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragments into the circulation, we hypothesize that plasma cfDNA might reflect mutational signatures. Point mutations in plasma whole genome sequencing (WGS) are challenging to identify through conventional mutation calling due to low sequencing coverage and low mutant allele fractions. In this proof of concept study of plasma WGS at 0.3–1.5x coverage from 215 patients and 227 healthy individuals, we show that both pathological and physiological mutational signatures may be identified in plasma. By applying machine learning to mutation profiles, patients with stage I-IV cancer can be distinguished from healthy individuals with an Area Under the Curve of 0.96. Interrogating mutational processes in plasma may enable earlier cancer detection, and might enable the assessment of cancer risk and etiology.
A PfSPZ vaccine immunization regimen equally protective against homologous and heterologous controlled human malaria infection
Authors: Mordmüller Benjamin , Sulyok Zita , Sulyok Mihály , Molnar Zsofia , Lalremruata Albert , Calle Carlos Lamsfus , Bayon Patricia Granados , Esen Meral , Gmeiner Markus , Held Jana , Heimann Henri-Lynn , Woldearegai Tamirat Gebru , Ibáñez Javier , Flügge Judith , Fendel Rolf , Kreidenweiss Andrea , KC Natasha , Murshedkar Tooba , Chakravarty Sumana , Riyahi Pouria , Billingsley Peter F. , Church L. W. Preston , Richie Thomas L. , Sim B. Kim Lee , Hoffman Stephen L. , Kremsner Peter G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractImmunization with radiation-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoites (SPZ) in PfSPZ Vaccine, has provided better vaccine efficacy (VE) against controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) with the same parasites as in the vaccine (homologous) than with genetically distant parasites (heterologous). We sought to identify an immunization regimen that provided similar VE against CHMI with homologous and heterologous Pf for at least 9 weeks in malaria-naïve adults. Such a regimen was identified in part 1 (optimization), an open label study, and confirmed in part 2 (verification), a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in which VE was assessed by cross-over repeat CHMI with homologous (PfNF54) and heterologous (Pf7G8) PfSPZ at 3 and 9–10 weeks. VE was calculated using Bayesian generalized linear regression. In part 1, vaccination with 9 × 105 PfSPZ on days 1, 8, and 29 protected 5/5 (100%) subjects against homologous CHMI at 3 weeks after the last immunization. In part 2, the same 3-dose regimen protected 5/6 subjects (83%) against heterologous CHMI at both 3 and 9–10 weeks after the last immunization. Overall VE was 78% (95% predictive interval: 57–92%), and against heterologous and homologous was 79% (95% PI: 54–95%) and 77% (95% PI: 50–95%) respectively. PfSPZ Vaccine was safe and well tolerated. A 4-week, 3-dose regimen of PfSPZ Vaccine provided similar VE for 9–10 weeks against homologous and heterologous CHMI. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02704533.
Inflammation triggers ILC3 patrolling of the intestinal barrier
Authors: Jarade Angélique , Garcia Zacarias , Marie Solenne , Demera Abdi , Prinz Immo , Bousso Philippe , Di Santo James P. , Serafini Nicolas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAn orchestrated cellular network, including adaptive lymphocytes and group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s), maintains intestinal barrier integrity and homeostasis. T cells can monitor environmental insults through constitutive circulation, scanning tissues and forming immunological contacts, a process named immunosurveillance. In contrast, the dynamics of intestinal ILC3s are unknown. Using intravital imaging, we observed that villus ILC3s were largely immotile at steady state but acquired migratory ‘patrolling’ attributes and enhanced cytokine expression in response to inflammation. We showed that T cells, the chemokine CCL25 and bacterial ligands regulated intestinal ILC3 behavior and that loss of patrolling behavior by interleukin-22 (IL-22)-producing ILC3s altered the intestinal barrier through increased epithelial cell death. Collectively, we identified notable differences between the behavior of ILC3s and T cells, with a prominent adaptation of intestinal ILC3s toward mucosal immunosurveillance after inflammation.
Differences in CD80 and CD86 transendocytosis reveal CD86 as a key target for CTLA-4 immune regulation
Authors: Kennedy Alan , Waters Erin , Rowshanravan Behzad , Hinze Claudia , Williams Cayman , Janman Daniel , Fox Thomas A. , Booth Claire , Pesenacker Anne M. , Halliday Neil , Soskic Blagoje , Kaur Satdip , Qureshi Omar S. , Morris Emma C. , Ikemizu Shinji , Paluch Christopher , Huo Jiandong , Davis Simon J. , Boucrot Emmanuel , Walker Lucy S. K. , Sansom David M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCD28 and CTLA-4 (CD152) play essential roles in regulating T cell immunity, balancing the activation and inhibition of T cell responses, respectively. Although both receptors share the same ligands, CD80 and CD86, the specific requirement for two distinct ligands remains obscure. In the present study, we demonstrate that, although CTLA-4 targets both CD80 and CD86 for destruction via transendocytosis, this process results in separate fates for CTLA-4 itself. In the presence of CD80, CTLA-4 remained ligand bound, and was ubiquitylated and trafficked via late endosomes and lysosomes. In contrast, in the presence of CD86, CTLA-4 detached in a pH-dependent manner and recycled back to the cell surface to permit further transendocytosis. Furthermore, we identified clinically relevant mutations that cause autoimmune disease, which selectively disrupted CD86 transendocytosis, by affecting either CTLA-4 recycling or CD86 binding. These observations provide a rationale for two distinct ligands and show that defects in CTLA-4-mediated transendocytosis of CD86 are associated with autoimmunity.
Continuous and binary sets of responses differ in the field
Authors: Rivera-Garrido Noelia , Ramos-Sosa M. P. , Accerenzi Michela , Brañas-Garza Pablo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper conducts a pre-registered study aimed to compare binary and continuous set of responses in survey questionnaires. Binary responses consist of two possible opposing response options (Yes/No). Continuous responses are numerical, where respondents can indicate an option on a 0–10 horizontal blind line. We study whether feasible sets of binary and continuous responses yield the same outcome (distribution) and have the same cost (duration in minutes). We collect data from 360 households in Honduras that were randomly assigned to Yes/No questions or given a slider (0–10 visual scale) to mark their responses, therefore, we providecausal evidence. We find that respondents are 13% more likely to respond “Yes” and spend 2.1 min less in the binary setting. Additionally, the results suggest that the type of question matters.
A processing-in-pixel-in-memory paradigm for resource-constrained TinyML applications
Authors: Datta Gourav , Kundu Souvik , Yin Zihan , Lakkireddy Ravi Teja , Mathai Joe , Jacob Ajey P. , Beerel Peter A. , Jaiswal Akhilesh R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe demand to process vast amounts of data generated from state-of-the-art high resolution cameras has motivated novel energy-efficient on-device AI solutions. Visual data in such cameras are usually captured in analog voltages by a sensor pixel array, and then converted to the digital domain for subsequent AI processing using analog-to-digital converters (ADC). Recent research has tried to take advantage of massively parallel low-power analog/digital computing in the form of near- and in-sensor processing, in which the AI computation is performed partly in the periphery of the pixel array and partly in a separate on-board CPU/accelerator. Unfortunately, high-resolution input images still need to be streamed between the camera and the AI processing unit, frame by frame, causing energy, bandwidth, and security bottlenecks. To mitigate this problem, we propose a novel Processing-in-Pixel-in-memory (P2M) paradigm, that customizes the pixel array by adding support for analog multi-channel, multi-bit convolution, batch normalization, and Rectified Linear Units (ReLU). Our solution includes a holistic algorithm-circuit co-design approach and the resulting P2M paradigm can be used as a drop-in replacement for embedding memory-intensive first few layers of convolutional neural network (CNN) models within foundry-manufacturable CMOS image sensor platforms. Our experimental results indicate that P2M reduces data transfer bandwidth from sensors and analog to digital conversions by$${\sim }\,21\times$$∼21×, and the energy-delay product (EDP) incurred in processing a MobileNetV2 model on a TinyML use case for visual wake words dataset (VWW) by up to$$\mathord {\sim }\,11\times$$∼11×compared to standard near-processing or in-sensor implementations, without any significant drop in test accuracy.
Abundance, chemical structure, and light absorption properties of humic-like substances (HULIS) and other organic fractions of forest aerosols in Hokkaido
Authors: Afsana Sonia , Zhou Ruichen , Miyazaki Yuzo , Tachibana Eri , Deshmukh Dhananjay Kumar , Kawamura Kimitaka , Mochida Michihiro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAtmospheric organic aerosol (OA) are considered as a significant contributor to the light absorption of OA, but its relationship with abundance, composition and sources are not understood well. In this study, the abundance, chemical structural characteristics, and light absorption property of HULIS and other low-to-high polar organics in PM0.95 collected in Tomakomai Experimental Forest (TOEF) were investigated with consideration of their possible sources. HULIS were the most abundant (51%), and correlation analysis revealed that biogenic secondary organic aerosols significantly contribute to HULIS. The mass spectra obtained using a high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-AMS) showed that HULIS and highly polar water-soluble organic matter (HP-WSOM) were substantially oxygenated organic aerosol fractions, whereas water-insoluble organic matter (WISOM) had a low O/C ratio and more hydrocarbon-like structures. The WISOM fraction was the predominant light-absorbing organics. HULIS and WISOM showed a noticeable seasonal change in mass absorption efficiency (MAE365), which was highest in winter. Further, HULIS were shown to be less absorbing than those reported for urban sites. The findings in this study provide insights into the contribution of biogenic secondary OA on aerosol property and radiative forcing under varying contributions from other types of OA.
Honey DNA metabarcoding revealed foraging resource partitioning between Korean native and introduced honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Mohamadzade Namin Saeed , Kim Min-Jung , Son Minwoong , Jung Chuleui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHoney DNA metabarcoding provides information of floral sources of honey and foraging plant preferences of honey bees. We evaluated the floral composition of honey from two different species of honey bees, Apis cerana honey (ACH) and A. mellifera honey (AMH) in a mixed apiary located in a semi-forest environment to understand the floral preference and level of interspecific competition on floral resource. Three honey samples were collected from different hives of each species in mid-August. In total, 56 plant taxa were identified across the honey samples and among them, 38 taxonomic units were found in ACH compared with a total of 33 in AMH. The number of major plants (> 1% of reads) in honey samples was 9 and 11 in ACH and AMH respectively indicating the higher diversity of plant taxa in AMH. 23 taxonomic units were found exclusively in ACH, 18 taxonomic units were found only in AMH and 15 taxonomic units were shared between ACH and AMH indicating that 73% of the taxonomic units were present only in honey originated from one of the honeybee species. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the shared major plants revealed the division of floral resource between these co-existing honey bee species pointing to a low level of interspecific competition between these two important pollinators.
EEG temporal–spatial transformer for person identification
Authors: Du Yang , Xu Yongling , Wang Xiaoan , Liu Li , Ma Pengcheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAn increasing number of studies have been devoted to electroencephalogram (EEG) identity recognition since EEG signals are not easily stolen. Most of the existing studies on EEG person identification have only addressed brain signals in a single state, depending upon specific and repetitive sensory stimuli. However, in reality, human states are diverse and rapidly changing, which limits their practicality in realistic settings. Among many potential solutions, transformer is widely used and achieves an excellent performance in natural language processing, which demonstrates the outstanding ability of the attention mechanism to model temporal signals. In this paper, we propose a transformer-based approach for the EEG person identification task that extracts features in the temporal and spatial domains using a self-attention mechanism. We conduct an extensive study to evaluate the generalization ability of the proposed method among different states. Our method is compared with the most advanced EEG biometrics techniques and the results show that our method reaches state-of-the-art results. Notably, we do not need to extract any features manually.
Propagation rules of shock waves in confined space under different initial pressure environments
Authors: Wang F. Q. , Wang Q. , Wang Y. J. , Li Z. M. , Li R. , Li X. C. , Yang L. A. , Lu J. W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, an initial pressure adjustable explosion vessel was developed, and the effect of negative pressure, positive pressure (0.2–1.8 atm) different initial ambient pressure on the explosive shock wave generated by the explosion of explosives was studied. The relationships between the specific impulse, shock wave velocity, the amount of explosive gas products and the ambient pressure were analyzed for different initial pressure environments. It was found that: the overpressure of the blast shock wave decreases with the initial ambient pressure of the explosion, and there exists a negative pressure environment with a dramatic pressure decrease near 0.6 atm, defined as the super-sensitive negative pressure Pcr. The propagation velocity of an explosive wave increases with a decrease in the ambient pressure, and the propagation velocity at a pressure of 1.8 atm is four times less than the velocity at a pressure of 0.2 atm. The production of explosive gas products did not change. The greater the initial pressure of the environment where the explosive is located, the smaller the ratio of the gas generated by the explosion to the initial force gas in the explosion vessel is, and the greater the impact on the propagation of shock waves is. The maximum attenuation of the first specific impulse i1 is 72.97% and the maximum attenuation of the second specific impulse i2 is 72.39%. The experiments provide reference data for high-altitude military confrontation, high-altitude weapons and ammunition development, and deep-earth protection engineering.
Role of dual specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) in melanoma cellular plasticity and drug resistance
Authors: Singh Mithalesh K. , Altameemi Sarah , Lares Marcos , Newton Michael A. , Setaluri Vijayasaradhi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMelanoma cells exhibit phenotypic plasticity that allows transition from a proliferative and differentiated phenotype to a more invasive and undifferentiated or transdifferentiated phenotype often associated with drug resistance. The mechanisms that control melanoma phenotype plasticity and its role in drug resistance are not fully understood. We previously demonstrated that emergence of MAPK inhibitor (MAPKi)-resistance phenotype is associated with decreased expression of stem cell proliferation genes and increased expression of MAPK inactivation genes, including dual specificity phosphatases (DUSPs). Several members of the DUSP family genes, specifically DUSP1, -3, -8 and -9, are expressed in primary and metastatic melanoma cell lines and pre-and post BRAFi treated melanoma cells. Here, we show that knockdown of DUSP1 or DUSP8 or treatment with BCI, a pharmacological inhibitor of DUSP1/6 decrease the survival of MAPKi-resistant cells and sensitizes them to BRAFi and MEKi. Pharmacological inhibition of DUSP1/6 upregulated nestin, a neural crest stem cell marker, in both MAPKi-sensitive cells and cells with acquired MAPKi-resistance. In contrast, treatment with BCI resulted in upregulation of MAP2, a neuronal differentiation marker, only in MAPKi-sensitive cells but caused downregulation of both MAP2 and GFAP, a glial marker, in all MAPKi-resistant cell lines. These data suggest that DUSP proteins are involved in the regulation of cellular plasticity cells and melanoma drug resistance and are potential targets for treatment of MAPKi-resistant melanoma.
Stone tools differences across three capuchin monkey populations: food’s physical properties, ecology, and culture
Authors: Falótico Tiago , Valença Tatiane , Verderane Michele P. , Fogaça Mariana D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRobust capuchin monkeys (Sapajus) are known for processing mechanically challenging foods, having morphological adaptations to do so. However, several populations go beyond body limitations by using stone tools to expand their food range. Those populations use stones in a variety of ways, goals, and with different frequencies. Stone tool size correlates with the food’s resistance within some populations. However, we have no detailed comparisons to identify if this correlation is the same across populations. This study described and compared stone raw material availability, food’s physical properties (hardness and elasticity), and stone tool weight in three populations of bearded capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus), including a newly described site (Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park, CVNP). The differences we observed regarding stone tool weight selection among sites were not correlated to the food’s physical properties we analyzed. Lithic resource availability could partly explain some differences in the stone tools used. However, the tool weight differences are larger than the raw material variance across sites, meaning some distinctions are possible behavioral traditions, such as the same fruit (Hymenaea) being processed with bigger than needed tools in CVNP than in the other two sites. Capuchin monkey behavioral variability in stone tool use can be caused by several interacting factors, from ecological to cultural.
Changes in lumbar lordosis and predicted minimum 5-year surgical outcomes after short-segment transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion
Authors: Aoki Yasuchika , Inoue Masahiro , Takahashi Hiroshi , Nakajima Arata , Sonobe Masato , Terajima Fumiaki , Nakajima Takayuki , Sato Yusuke , Kubota Go , Sato Masashi , Yoh Satoshi , Ohyama Shuhei , Saito Junya , Norimoto Masaki , Eguchi Yawara , Orita Sumihisa , Inage Kazuhide , Shiga Yasuhiro , Ohtori Seiji , Nakagawa Koichi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlthough most patients who undergo transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) show favorable surgical results, some still have unfavorable results for various reasons. This study aimed to investigate the influence of differences in lumbar lordosis (LL) between the standing and supine positions (DiLL: supine LL–standing LL) on minimum 5-year surgical outcomes after short-segment TLIF. Ninety-one patients with lumbar degenerative disease who underwent short-segment TLIF (1–2 levels) were categorized based on preoperative differences in LL as DiLL (+) and DiLL (−). Comparison and correlation analyses were performed. The incidence of adjacent segment disease (ASD) by radiology (R-ASD) and symptomatic ASD (S-ASD), bony fusion rates, and pre- and postoperative clinical scores (visual analog scale [VAS]; Japanese Orthopaedic Association [JOA] score; Oswestry disability index (ODI); and Nakai’s score) were evaluated. Postoperatively, VAS for low back pain (LBP) in the sitting position, JOA scores for LBP, lower leg pain, intermittent claudication, ODI, and Nakai’s score were significantly worse in the DiLL (+) group than in the DiLL (−) group. DiLL values were significantly correlated with VAS for LBP, ODI, and Nakai’s score, postoperatively. Positive DiLL values were associated with poorer postoperative outcomes. DiLL is a simple and useful method for predicting mid-term outcomes after TLIF.
Thirty-year clinical experience in gamma knife radiosurgery for trigeminal schwannomas
Authors: Shin Dong-Won , Ju Chunseng , Lee Hyun Seok , Yoo Hee Jun , Song Sang Woo , Cho Young Hyun , Hong Chang-Ki , Hong Seok Ho , Lee Do Heui , Kim Jeong Hoon , Kim Young-Hoon 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe aimed to evaluate the radiographic and clinical outcomes after gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for trigeminal schwannomas (TSs). A total of 87 patients who underwent GKRS for TSs between 1990 and 2020 were enrolled. The mean tumor volume was 4.3 cm3. The median prescribed dose for the margins of the tumor was 13 Gy. The median follow-up duration was 64.3 months (range 12.0–311.5 months). The overall local tumor control rate was 90%, and the symptom response rate was 93%. The response rate for each symptom was 88% for facial pain, 97% for facial sensory change, and 86% for cranial nerve deficits. Nineteen (22%) patients showed transient swelling, which had regressed at the time of the last follow-up. Cystic tumors were associated with transient swelling (p = 0.04). A tumor volume of < 2.7 cm3 was associated with local tumor control in univariable analysis. Transient swelling was associated with symptom control failure in both univariable and multivariable analyses (p = 0.04, odds ratio 14.538). GKRS is an effective treatment for TSs, both for local control and symptom control.