bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Clinical value of brain‐gut behavioral therapies for functional esophageal disorders and symptoms
Authors: Luo Yuying , Keefer Laurie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFunctional esophageal disorders (functional chest pain, functional heartburn, reflux hypersensitivity, globus, and functional dysphagia) are the disorders of gut‐brain interactions (DGBI) and present with esophageal symptoms not associated with a structural, major motility or underlying inflammatory condition. Notably, many patients with the latter conditions may still experience esophageal symptoms beyond what could be attributed to their underlying disorders. Esophageal visceral hypersensitivity and hypervigilance are the two pathways which drive functional esophageal disorders and symptoms. These functional esophageal symptoms may be severe, leaving patients with impaired quality of life and inadequate treatment outcomes. Neuromodulators are the foundation of the pharmacologic approach of many of the functional esophageal disorders and symptoms, modulating both peripheral and central hyperalgesia. There is also emerging evidence for brain‐gut behavioral therapies (BGBT) such as gut‐directed hypnotherapy and cognitive behavior therapy for the treatment of a variety of DGBIs. In this issue of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Hurtte et al. add to the literature on the effectiveness of BGBT in treating functional esophageal symptoms, showing multimodal therapy with pharmacologic and non‐pharmacologic approaches led to improvement in health‐related quality of life. In this review, we outline the mechanistic underpinnings of BGBT and review the existing evidence for BGBT for functional esophageal disorders and symptoms. We also highlight the future research directions and challenges for scaling these therapies.
Unveiling environmental justice through open government data: Work in progress for most US states
Authors: Fusi Federica , Zhang Fengxiu , Liang Jiaqi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOpen government data (OGD) are critical for environmental justice (EJ) policymaking, which is characterized by power and information asymmetries across government agencies, affected populations, and advocacy groups. We contend that not only should state governments provide OGD but also they should remove the burden associated with data access and use it to address the data divide and facilitate the participation of vulnerable populations in policymaking. Applying a user‐oriented approach, this article evaluates the completeness, usability, and accessibility of EJ‐OGD initiatives across the 50 US states. Results show that only one out of five states achieves at least half points on our EJ‐OGD Implementation Score, suggesting that most states do not provide OGD to answer two core EJ questions: “To what extent is my community exposed to environmental harm and health hazards? Is the exposure disproportionately high given my community's socioeconomic characteristics?” We discuss implications for equity and next steps for the government.
Welfare impact of asymmetric price transmission on rice consumers in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Chhiddikur , Pede Valerien O. , Balié Jean 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study investigates asymmetric price transmission (APT) in the rice market in Bangladesh using monthly price series at farm, wholesale, and retail levels from October 2005 to June 2017 in a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model (NARDL). The results indicate a significant asymmetric relationship across price at retail, wholesale, and farm levels in the long and short term. While wholesalers/millers benefit from the imperfect price transmission at the expense of farmers, retailers gain over wholesalers/millers. We find that the consumer surplus decreases from a price rise at the wholesale or farm level, but consumers do not enjoy a proportional increase in their surplus from a price reduction. The study reveals that the consumer welfare loss due to APT along the rice value chain of Bangladesh is equivalent to US$89.05 million per month. This estimated aggregate welfare loss requires both the attention of decision‐makers and corrective actions.
What “you” and “we” say about me: How small shifts in language reveal and empower fundamental shifts in perspective
Authors: Orvell Ariana , Gelman Susan A. , Kross Ethan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOne of the most fundamental, yet often overlooked, components of language is the personal pronoun system. Pronouns reveal and empower different perspectives, providing insight into and even altering how a person is conceptualizing the self. Here, we illustrate how the pronouns “I,” “you,” and “we” can enable shifts in perspective that bring a person further from, or closer to, others. We additionally highlight the implications of these pronoun shifts on the addressee(s). We review a growing body of research that focuses on how these words can function as both windows—providing insight into the thoughts and emotions of a speaker, and levers—that can subtly alter the speaker's and addressee(s)’ thoughts, emotions, and even behaviors, across a range of domains. We conclude by discussing possibilities for future research.
¿Para qué votar? Análisis comparativo de la incidencia de las consultas populares en Bolivia (2016) y Ecuador (2018) sobre el proceso de democratización
Authors: Jaramillo Jassir Mauricio 
Published: April 2022

El artículo evidencia que en determinados casos las consultas populares sirven para la profundización de la democracia, a pesar de las críticas que las consideran como mecanismos cuya instrumentalización constituye una amenaza contra el Estado de derecho. Su inusitada frecuencia ha hecho pensar en que se trata de mecanismos de “juego a suma cero” donde los consensos no son posibles y se toman decisiones que, amparadas en el constituyente primario, ponen en entre dicho la democratización. Por el contrario, en el texto se demuestra que, en los casos concretos de Bolivia y Ecuador, como en otros de la zona andina, los referendos constitucionales, han servido para acelerar la democratización. El texto resulta de una investigación descriptiva-exploratoria sobre el correlato entre las consultas populares (variable independiente) y la democratización, así como la construcción inacabada del Estado-nación (variables dependientes). De esta forma se comprueba que: a. la rigidez con la que se suele identificar a los regímenes presidenciales se debe relativizar en la práctica; b. es posible hallar consensos dentro de este tipo de consultas más allá de su resultado absoluto; y, c. los efectos de dichas consultas sobre la calidad de la democracia merecen una revisión.
Chronology protection implementation in analogue gravity
Authors: Barceló Carlos , Eguia Sánchez Jokin , García-Moreno Gerardo , Jannes Gil 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAnalogue gravity systems offer many insights into gravitational phenomena, both at the classical and at the semiclassical level. The existence of an underlying Minkowskian structure (or Galilean in the non-relativistic limit) in the laboratory has been argued to directly forbid the simulation of geometries with Closed Timelike Curves (CTCs) within analogue systems. We will show that this is not strictly the case. In principle, it is possible to simulate spacetimes with CTCs whenever this does not entail the presence of a chronological horizon separating regions with CTCs from regions that do not have CTCs. We find an Analogue-gravity Chronology protection mechanism very similar in spirit to Hawking’s Chronology Protection hypothesis. We identify the universal behaviour of analogue systems near the formation of such horizons and discuss the further implications that this analysis has from an emergent gravity perspective. Furthermore, we build explicit geometries containing CTCs, for instance spacetimes constructed from two warp-drive configurations, that might be useful for future analysis, both from a theoretical and an experimental point of view.
A Meta-theory for Big-step Semantics
Authors: Dagnino Francesco 
Published: April 2022

It is well known that big-step semantics is not able to distinguish stuck and non-terminating computations. This is a strong limitation as it makes it very difficult to reason about properties involving infinite computations, such as type soundness, which cannot even be expressed.
We show that this issue is only apparent: the distinction between stuck and diverging computations is implicit in any big-step semantics and it just needs to be uncovered. To achieve this goal, we develop a systematic study of big-step semantics: we introduce an abstract definition of what a big-step semantics is, we define a notion of computation by formalizing the evaluation algorithm implicitly associated with any big-step semantics, and we show how to canonically extend a big-step semantics to characterize stuck and diverging computations.
Building on these notions, we describe a general proof technique to show that a predicate is sound, that is, it prevents stuck computation, with respect to a big-step semantics. One needs to check three properties relating the predicate and the semantics, and if they hold, the predicate is sound. The extended semantics is essential to establish this meta-logical result but is of no concerns to the user, who only needs to prove the three properties of the initial big-step semantics. Finally, we illustrate the technique by several examples, showing that it is applicable also in cases where subject reduction does not hold, and hence the standard technique for small-step semantics cannot be used.
Positive Associations of Vegetation with Temperature over the Alpine Grasslands in the Western Tibetan Plateau during May
Authors: Yadav S. K. , Lee E. , He Y. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Tibetan Plateau (TP) has undergone extreme changes in climatic and land surface conditions that are due to a warming climate and land-cover changes. We examined the change in vegetation dynamics from 1982 to 2015 and explored the associations of vegetation with atmospheric variables over the alpine grasslands in the western TP during May as an early growing season. The linear regression analysis of area-averaged normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) over the western TP in May demonstrated a 7.5% decrease of NDVI during the period from 1982 to 2015, an increase of NDVI by 11.3% from 1982 to 1998, and a decrease of NDVI by 14.5% from 1999 to 2015. The significantly changed NDVI in the western TP could result in the substantial changes in surface energy balances as shown in the surface climatic variables of albedo, net solar radiation, sensible heat flux, latent heat fluxes, and 2-m temperature. The land and atmosphere associations were not confined to the surface but also extended into the upper-level atmosphere up to the 300-hPa level as indicated by the significant positive associations between NDVI and temperatures in both air temperature and equivalent temperature, resulting in more than a 1-K increase with NDVI. Therefore, we concluded that the increasing or decreasing vegetation cover in the western TP during May can respectively increase or decrease the temperatures near the surface and upper atmosphere through a positive physical linkage among the vegetation cover, surface energy fluxes, and temperatures. The positive energy processes of vegetation with temperature could further amplify the variations of temperature and thus water availability.

Significance Statement
The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is an important landmass that plays a significant role in both regional and global climates. This study aims to examine the vegetation change in the TP during May as an early growing season to examine the changes in the near-surface and upper-level climatic conditions associated with vegetation change and to identify the plausible physical processes of the vegetation effects on atmosphere. The satellite-derived vegetation index showed a 7.5% decrease from 1982 to 2015 in the western TP during May. This study identified the positive associations of vegetation activity with temperature and proposed a positive energy process for land–atmosphere interactions over the alpine grasslands in the western region of TP during the transition period from winter to spring.
Incisional Negative Pressure Wound Therapy to Decrease the Incidence of Surgical Site Infections in Trauma Laparotomy Wounds
Authors: Kabir Ishraq , Nguyen Tuan , Heaton Julia , Peterson Kristen , Martyak Michael 
Published: April 2022

Background Surgical site infection (SSI) is a common post-operative complication, especially in trauma laparotomies. Incisional negative pressure wound therapy (iNPWT) is a novel technique in reducing SSIs. We aim to study the rate of wound complications in trauma laparotomy with standard primary closure with staples vs iNPWT. Methods We had 152 patients meeting inclusion criteria who underwent emergent trauma laparotomies performed at Sentara Norfolk General from 2017 to 2020. We had 79 patients in the standard staple group and 73 patients in the iNWPT group. We then analyzed surgical site infection rates and wound complication rates in both groups within a 30-day period. Results The wound infection rate in the staple vs staple plus iNPWT was 10.0% vs 3.8%, respectively ( P = .13). Wound dehiscence rates were 24.1% vs 10.13%, respectively ( P = .02). When looking at a subset of patients with hollow viscous injury, the rate of SSIs was statistically lower in the iNPWT group. Prior to the introduction of the incisional vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) to our practice compared to after its introduction, 39.25% of wounds were left open vs 19.51%, respectively ( P = .001). Conclusion Our data identified a trend toward a decrease in overall SSIs in trauma laparotomies closed with iNPWT. The use of iNPWT demonstrated a decrease in superficial wound dehiscence and a decrease in SSIs in patients with associated full thickness bowel injury. With iNPWT, we are more aggressive with primarily closing trauma laparotomy wounds. This shows promise for increasing primary closure rates while simultaneously decreasing overall superficial surgical site infection rate.
Determinants of Gullibility to Misinformation: A Study of Climate Change, COVID-19 and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Gruener Sven 
Published: April 2022

This article explores whether susceptibility to misinformation is context-dependent. For this purpose, a survey experiment has been conducted in which subjects from Germany had to rate the reliability of several statements in the fields of climate change, COVID-19 and artificial intelligence. These contexts differed with respect to the frequency of media coverage, population activity in the form of demonstrations, daily number of deaths, and scientific knowledge. We find some similarities (for example, trust in social networks is positively associated with falling for misinformation in all three contexts) but also substantial differences (for example, risk perception as well as the extent to which people consider evidence to adjust their beliefs seem to matter for climate change and COVID-19 but not for artificial intelligence). More systematic work on context-related differences and narratives is required to design adequate measures against misinformation. JEL: C91, D01, D80
Examining the Efficacy of Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Repair: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review of Biomechanical and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Perry Allison K. , Lavoie-Gagne Ophelie , Knapik Derrick M. , Maheshwer Bhargavi , Hodakowski Alexander , Gursoy Safa , LaPrade Robert F. , Chahla Jorge 
Published: April 2022

Background: Medial meniscus posterior root (MMPR) injuries accelerate the progression of osteoarthritis. While partial meniscectomy was once considered the gold standard for treatment, meniscus root repair has become increasingly utilized with reported improvements in clinical and biomechanical outcomes. Purpose: To perform a systematic review of biomechanical outcomes and a meta–analysis of clinical and radiographic outcomes after MMPR repair. Study Design: Meta-analysis and systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were queried in August 2021 for studies reporting biomechanical, clinical, and radiographic outcomes after MMPR repair. Biomechanical studies were assessed for main results and conclusions. Data including study characteristics, cohort demographics, and outcomes were extracted. Included clinical studies were analyzed with a random–effects meta-analysis of proportions for binary outcomes or continuous outcomes for mean differences between preoperative and postoperative time points. Subgroup analysis for studies reporting repair outcomes with concomitant high tibial osteotomy (HTO) was performed where appropriate. Results: A total of 13 biomechanical studies were identified and reported an overall improvement in mean and peak contact pressures after MMPR repair. There were 24 clinical studies, consisting of 876 patients (877 knees), identified, with 3 studies (106 knees) reporting outcomes with concomitant HTO. The mean patient age was 57.1 years (range, 23-74 years), with a mean follow–up of 27.7 months (range, 2-64 months). Overall, clinical outcomes (Lysholm, Hospital for Special Surgery, International Knee Documentation Committee, visual analog scale for pain, Tegner, and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score scores) were noted to improve postoperatively compared with preoperatively, with improved Lysholm scores in patients undergoing concomitant HTO versus MMPR repair alone. Meniscal extrusion was not significantly improved after MMPR repair compared with preoperative measurements. The progression in Kellgren-Lawrence grades from grade 0 to grades 1 to 3 occurred in 5.9% (21/354) of patients after repair, with no patients progressing from grades 1 to 3 to grade 4. Conclusion: MMPR repair generally improved biomechanical outcomes and led to improved patient–reported outcomes with greater improvements noted in patients undergoing concomitant HTO. Repair did not significantly improve meniscal extrusion, while only 5.9% of patients were noted to progress to low–grade osteoarthritis. The high level of heterogeneity in the included biomechanical and clinical investigations emphasizes the need for more well–designed studies that evaluate outcomes after MMPR repair.
The Use of Force Plate Vertical Jump Scans to Identify Special Warfare Trainees at Risk for Musculoskeletal Injury: A Large Cohort Study
Authors: Hando Ben R. , Scott W. Casan , Bryant Jacob F. , Tchandja Juste N. , Angadi Siddhartha S. 
Published: April 2022

Background: Vertical jump scans from commercially available force plate systems are increasingly used in military settings to screen for musculoskeletal injury (MSKI) risk. However, to date, no studies have determined the ability of these tools to identify tactical athletes at elevated risk for MSKI. Purpose: To (1) determine associations between scores from a force plate vertical jump test and the likelihood of experiencing an MSKI and to (2) establish the test-retest reliability of the output scores from the force plate system used. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 823 male Air Force Special Warfare trainees underwent force plate vertical jump screenings before entering an 8-week training course at US Air Force Special Warfare Training Wing. MSKI data were collected for the 8-week surveillance period for each trainee. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify associations between baseline force plate jump scores and the likelihood of MSKI (any region) or a lower extremity MSKI (significance level, P = .05). The test-retest portion of the study collected force plate output scores from 12 trainees performing 3 trials of the standard test procedures. The reliability of 5 output scores was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) using a single rater. Results: All force plate output scores demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability (ICC >0.90). Overall 308 (36.4%) trainees had an MSKI during the surveillance period. However, no significant associations were found between the proprietary force plate vertical jump scan output scores and the likelihood of experiencing either an MSKI or a lower extremity MSKI. Conclusion: Output scores from this commercially available force plate system did not identify Air Force Special Warfare trainees at elevated risk of experiencing an MSKI.
Evidence-Based Hamstring Injury Prevention and Risk Factor Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Rudisill Samuel S. , Varady Nathan H. , Kucharik Michael P. , Eberlin Christopher T. , Martin Scott D. 
Published: April 2022

Background: Hamstring injuries are common among athletes. Considering the potentially prolonged recovery and high rate of recurrence, effective methods of prevention and risk factor management are of great interest to athletes, trainers, coaches, and therapists, with substantial competitive and financial implications. Purpose: To systematically review the literature concerning evidence-based hamstring training and quantitatively assess the effectiveness of training programs in (1) reducing injury incidence and (2) managing injury risk factors. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: A computerized search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and SPORTDiscus with manual screening of selected reference lists was performed in October 2020. Randomized controlled trials investigating methods of hamstring injury prevention and risk factor management in recreational, semiprofessional, and professional adult athletes were included. Results: Of 2602 articles identified, 108 were included. Eccentric training reduced the incidence of hamstring injury by 56.8% to 70.0%. Concentric hamstring strength increased with eccentric (mean difference [MD], 14.29 N·m; 95% CI, 8.53-20.05 N·m), concentric, blood flow–restricted, whole-body vibration, heavy back squat, FIFA 11+ (Fédération Internationale de Football Association), and plyometric training methods, whereas eccentric strength benefited from eccentric (MD, 26.94 N·m; 95% CI, 15.59-38.30 N·m), concentric, and plyometric training. Static stretching produced greater flexibility gains (MD, 10.89°; 95% CI, 8.92°-12.86°) than proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (MD, 9.73°; 95% CI, 6.53°-12.93°) and dynamic stretching (MD, 6.25°; 95% CI, 2.84°-9.66°), although the effects of static techniques were more transient. Fascicle length increased with eccentric (MD, 0.90 cm; 95% CI, 0.53-1.27 cm) and sprint training and decreased with concentric training. Although the conventional hamstring/quadriceps (H/Q) ratio was unchanged (MD, 0.03; 95% CI, –0.01 to 0.06), the functional H/Q ratio significantly improved with eccentric training (MD, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.03-0.16). In addition, eccentric training reduced limb strength asymmetry, while H/Q ratio and flexibility imbalances were normalized via resistance training and static stretching. Conclusion: Several strategies exist to prevent hamstring injury and address known risk factors. Eccentric strengthening reduces injury incidence and improves hamstring strength, fascicle length, H/Q ratio, and limb asymmetry, while stretching-based interventions can be implemented to improve flexibility. These results provide valuable insights to athletes, trainers, coaches, and therapists seeking to optimize hamstring training and prevent injury.