bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An open-source computational tool for measuring bacterial biofilm morphology and growth kinetics upon one-sided exposure to an antimicrobial source
Authors: Gingichashvili Sarah , Steinberg Doron , Sionov Ronit Vogt , Feuerstein Osnat , Cohen Noa E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBacillus subtilis biofilms are well known for their complex and highly adaptive morphology. Indeed, their phenotypical diversity and intra-biofilm heterogeneity make this gram-positive bacterium the subject of many scientific papers on the structure of biofilms. The “robustness” of biofilms is a term often used to describe their level of susceptibility to antimicrobial agents and various mechanical and molecular inhibition/eradication methods. In this paper, we use computational analytics to quantify Bacillus subtilis morphological response to proximity to an antimicrobial source, in the form of the antiseptic chlorhexidine. Chlorhexidine droplets, placed in proximity to Bacillus subtilis macrocolonies at different distances result in morphological changes, quantified using Python-based code, which we have made publicly available. Our results quantify peripheral and inner core deformation as well as differences in cellular viability of the two regions. The results reveal that the inner core, which is often characterized by the presence of wrinkled formations in the macrocolony, is more preserved than the periphery. Furthermore, the paper describes a crescent-shaped colony morphology which occurs when the distance from the chlorhexidine source is 0.5 cm, as well as changes observed in the growth substrate of macrocolonies exposed to chlorhexidine.
Comparison of the blood pressure management between sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuo , Toyoda Masao , Hatori Nobuo , Sakai Hiroyuki , Furuki Takayuki , Sato Kazuyoshi , Terauchi Yasuo , Tamura Kouichi , Kanamori Akira 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe cardiovascular and renal protective effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1Ras) are enhanced by low/controlled blood pressure (BP). However, the BP-lowering efficacy of SGLT-2is and GLP-1Ras have not been compared directly. We compared the rates of achieving target BP with SGLT-2i and GLP-1Ra treatments in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This retrospective study included 384 SGLT-2i- and 160 GLP-1Ra-treated patients with BP > 130/80 mmHg before treatment. Inverse probability weighting methods using propensity scores were used in this study. The integrated odds ratios (OR) for BP control rates were calculated and clinical changes were analyzed using a generalized linear model. SGLT-2i treatment resulted in significantly higher BP control rates than that in the GLP-1Ra treatment (integrated OR = 2.09 [1.80, 2.43]). Compared with GLP-1Ra, SGLT-2i treatment demonstrated significantly larger decreases in diastolic BP, mean arterial pressure, and body weight (− 3.8 mmHg, P = 0.006; − 4.1 mmHg, P = 0.01; and − 1.5 kg, P = 0.008, respectively) and increased annual estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; 1.5 mL/min/1.73 m2/year, P = 0.04). In T2DM patients with poorly controlled BP, compared with GLP-1Ra, SGLT-2i treatment significantly improved BP management and increased eGFR.
Quantifying wood decomposition by insects and fungi using computed tomography scanning and machine learning
Authors: Seibold Sebastian , Müller Jörg , Allner Sebastian , Willner Marian , Baldrian Petr , Ulyshen Michael D. , Brandl Roland , Bässler Claus , Hagge Jonas , Mitesser Oliver 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWood decomposition is a central process contributing to global carbon and nutrient cycling. Quantifying the role of the major biotic agents of wood decomposition, i.e. insects and fungi, is thus important for a better understanding of this process. Methods to quantify wood decomposition, such as dry mass loss, suffer from several shortcomings, such as destructive sampling or subsampling. We developed and tested a new approach based on computed tomography (CT) scanning and semi-automatic image analysis of logs from a field experiment with manipulated beetle communities. We quantified the volume of beetle tunnels in wood and bark and the relative wood volume showing signs of fungal decay and compared both measures to classic approaches. The volume of beetle tunnels was correlated with dry mass loss and clearly reflected the differences between beetle functional groups. Fungal decay was identified with high accuracy and strongly correlated with ergosterol content. Our data show that this is a powerful approach to quantify wood decomposition by insects and fungi. In contrast to other methods, it is non-destructive, covers entire deadwood objects and provides spatially explicit information opening a wide range of research options. For the development of general models, we urge researchers to publish training data.
Cellulose nanofibers/polyvinyl alcohol blends as an efficient coating to improve the hydrophobic and oleophobic properties of paper
Authors: Huang Shancong , Wang Xiyun , Zhang Yu , Meng Yu , Hua Feiguo , Xia Xinxing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe effect of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) coating on the hydrophobic, oleophobic, and strength properties of paper were investigated. The results showed that the size of bamboo fibers (BFs) decreased significantly and the crystallinity increased significantly after biological enzyme treatment. The average length of CNFs obtained by high pressure homogenization was 2.4 µm, the diameter was 28.7 nm, and the crystallinity was 63.63%. When the coating weight of PVA/CNF was 2.0 g/m2 and the CNF dosage was increased from 0.0% to 3.0%, the paper grease resistance grade was increased from 7 to 9, the Cobb value was decreased from 22.68 ± 0.29 g/m2 to 18.37 ± 0.63 g/m2, the contact angle was increased from 67.82° to 93.56°, and the longitudinal and transverse tensile index were increased from 67.72 ± 0.21 N m/g and 37.63 ± 0.25 N m/g to 68.61 ± 0.55 N m/g and 40.71 ± 0.78 N m/g, respectively. When the CNF dosage was 3.0% and the coating weight of PVA/CNF was 4.0 g/m2, the grease resistance grade of the paper was 12, the Cobb value was 21.80 ± 0.39 g/m2, and the longitudinal and transverse tensile indices were 72.11 ± 0.43 N m/g and 42.58 ± 0.48 N m/g, respectively. In summary, the increase of CNFs can effectively improve the lipophobicity, hydrophobicity and tensile strength of the PVA coated paper.
Comparison of single-shot EPI and multi-shot EPI in prostate DWI at 3.0 T
Authors: Tamada Tsutomu , Kido Ayumu , Ueda Yu , Takeuchi Mitsuru , Kanki Akihiko , Neelavalli Jaladhar , Yamamoto Akira 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn prostate MRI, single-shot EPI (ssEPI) DWI still suffers from distortion and blurring. Multi-shot EPI (msEPI) overcomes the drawbacks of ssEPI DWI. The aim of this article was to compare the image quality and diagnostic performance for clinically significant prostate cancer (csPC) between ssEPI DWI and msEPI DWI. This retrospective study included 134 patients with suspected PC who underwent 3.0 T MRI and subsequent MRI-guided biopsy. Three radiologists independently assessed anatomical distortion, prostate edge clarity, and lesion conspicuity score for pathologically confirmed csPC. Lesion apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and benign ADC were also calculated. In 17 PC patients who underwent prostatectomy, three radiologists independently assessed eight prostate regions by DWI score in PI-RADS v 2.1. Anatomical distortion and prostate edge clarity were significantly higher in msEPI DWI than in ssEPI DWI in the three readers. Lesion conspicuity score was significantly higher in msEPI DWI than in ssEPI DWI in reader 1 and reader 3. Regarding discrimination ability between PC with GS ≤ 3 + 4 and PC with GS ≥ 4 + 3 using lesion ADC, AUC was comparable between ssEPI DWI and msEPI DWI. For diagnostic performance of csPC using DWI score, AUC was comparable between msEPI DWI and ssEPI DWI in all readers. Compared with ssEPI DWI, msEPI DWI had improved image quality and similar or higher diagnostic performance.
High-throughput analysis of anti-poliovirus neutralization antibody titre in human serum by the pseudovirus neutralization test
Authors: Arita Minetaro , Iwai-Itamochi Masae 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo monitor vulnerability of countries to poliovirus (PV) outbreaks, serosurveillance of anti-PV neutralization antibody is conducted by conventional PV neutralization test (cPNT), which uses live PV strains. We previously developed a pseudovirus PV neutralization test (pPNT) as an alternative to cPNT, which uses PV pseudovirus that expresses luciferase as a reporter in the infection without producing infectious PV. In the present study, we established a high-throughput pPNT (HTpPNT) for a large-scale serosurveillance. The HTpPNT system was evaluated with 600 human serum samples obtained from a broad range of age groups of healthy volunteers (ages of 0–89 years). HTpPNT showed high correlation with cPNT (R2 for anti-type 1, 2, and 3 PV neutralization antibody titres are 0.90, 0.84, and 0.90, respectively). By using HTpPNT, we analyzed relative neutralizing antibody titre of the sera against a type 1 PV wild-type strain (Mahoney strain) to that against the type 1 Sabin strain. As a result, a correlation between the age (≥ 60 years) and the relative neutralizing antibody titre was observed (n = 15–16, P = 0.0000023–0.041), while the types of PV vaccine (i.e., oral PV vaccine and Sabin strain-based IPV) had no effect. HTpPNT would serve as a useful alternative to cPNT in a large-scale serosurveillance.
Genetic contribution to cancer risk in patients with tooth loss: a genetic association study
Authors: Bezamat Mariana , Rothenberger Scott , Vieira Alexandre R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEarly-stage cancer diagnosis is critical for higher survival rates. Because early cancers can be difficult to detect, our focus is on the identification of cancer risk markers such as pleiotropic genes involved in the etiology of both craniofacial conditions and cancers. In this study we aimed to test if our previously detected association between ERN1 rs196929 marker and oral health outcomes would be detected in individuals diagnosed with cancer as well as in a subpopulation of individuals who also had one or more teeth missing due to dental caries, periodontal disease, or periapical lesions. We genotyped a total of 1,671 subjects and selected a subset of 1,421 subjects for stratified analysis of cancer types; three hundred and twelve self-reported a diagnosis of various cancer types and 1,109 reported never receiving a diagnosis of cancer. Our results showed a statistically significant association between the rs196929 in ERN1, and cancer overall in both the additive and dominant models (OR = 1.37, 95% C.I. 1.06–1.79, p = 0.014). When we stratified the analysis for each cancer type, our results show that the rs196929 ERN1 variant is associated with skin cancer (OR = 2.07, 95% C.I. 1.27–3.37, p = 0.003) and breast cancer (OR = 1.83, 95% C.I. 1.13–2.99, p = 0.013) in the subset of patients that had tooth loss. An additional nominal association between the rs196929 in ERN1 and male’s reproductive system cancers (OR = 1.96, 95% C.I. 1.07–3.59, p = 0.028) was identified. We hope that our study helps guide future genetic studies on these cancers and this specific genetic variant as well as drive attention to the potential for oral health outcomes to serve as indicators for cancer risk. The early identification of genetic markers and/or oral conditions that indicate increased cancer risk could positively impact cancer outcomes and survival rates with timely implementation of preventive and diagnostic measures. In conclusion, our results suggest that the genetic variant in ERN1 (rs196929) is associated with increased risk of skin and breast cancers.
Ageing and degeneration analysis using ageing-related dynamic attention on lateral cephalometric radiographs
Authors: Zhang Zhiyong , Liu Ningtao , Guo Zhang , Jiao Licheng , Fenster Aaron , Jin Wenfan , Zhang Yuxiang , Chen Jie , Yan Chunxia , Gou Shuiping 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWith the increase of the ageing in the world’s population, the ageing and degeneration studies of physiological characteristics in human skin, bones, and muscles become important topics. Research on the ageing of bones, especially the skull, are paid much attention in recent years. In this study, a novel deep learning method representing the ageing-related dynamic attention (ARDA) is proposed. The proposed method can quantitatively display the ageing salience of the bones and their change patterns with age on lateral cephalometric radiographs images (LCR) images containing the craniofacial and cervical spine. An age estimation-based deep learning model based on 14142 LCR images from 4 to 40 years old individuals is trained to extract ageing-related features, and based on these features the ageing salience maps are generated by the Grad-CAM method. All ageing salience maps with the same age are merged as an ARDA map corresponding to that age. Ageing salience maps show that ARDA is mainly concentrated in three regions in LCR images: the teeth, craniofacial, and cervical spine regions. Furthermore, the dynamic distribution of ARDA at different ages and instances in LCR images is quantitatively analyzed. The experimental results on 3014 cases show that ARDA can accurately reflect the development and degeneration patterns in LCR images.
Multiscale neural gradients reflect transdiagnostic effects of major psychiatric conditions on cortical morphology
Authors: Park Bo-yong , Kebets Valeria , Larivière Sara , Hettwer Meike D. , Paquola Casey , van Rooij Daan , Buitelaar Jan , Franke Barbara , Hoogman Martine , Schmaal Lianne , Veltman Dick J. , van den Heuvel Odile A. , Stein Dan J. , Andreassen Ole A. , Ching Christopher R. K. , Turner Jessica A. , van Erp Theo G. M. , Evans Alan C. , Dagher Alain , Thomopoulos Sophia I. , Thompson Paul M. , Valk Sofie L. , Kirschner Matthias , Bernhardt Boris C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIt is increasingly recognized that multiple psychiatric conditions are underpinned by shared neural pathways, affecting similar brain systems. Here, we carried out a multiscale neural contextualization of shared alterations of cortical morphology across six major psychiatric conditions (autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, major depression disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia). Our framework cross-referenced shared morphological anomalies with respect to cortical myeloarchitecture and cytoarchitecture, as well as connectome and neurotransmitter organization. Pooling disease-related effects on MRI-based cortical thickness measures across six ENIGMA working groups, including a total of 28,546 participants (12,876 patients and 15,670 controls), we identified a cortex-wide dimension of morphological changes that described a sensory-fugal pattern, with paralimbic regions showing the most consistent alterations across conditions. The shared disease dimension was closely related to cortical gradients of microstructure as well as neurotransmitter axes, specifically cortex-wide variations in serotonin and dopamine. Multiple sensitivity analyses confirmed robustness with respect to slight variations in analytical choices. Our findings embed shared effects of common psychiatric conditions on brain structure in multiple scales of brain organization, and may provide insights into neural mechanisms of transdiagnostic vulnerability.
Microbes from Mum: symbiont transmission in the tropical reef sponge Ianthella basta
Authors: Engelberts J Pamela , Abdul Wahab Muhammad A , Maldonado Manuel , Rix Laura , Marangon Emma , Robbins Steven J , Wagner Michael , Webster Nicole S 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Most marine sponge species harbour distinct communities of microorganisms which contribute to various aspects of their host’s health and physiology. In addition to their key roles in nutrient transformations and chemical defence, these symbiotic microbes can shape sponge phenotype by mediating important developmental stages and influencing the environmental tolerance of the host. However, the characterisation of each microbial taxon throughout a sponge’s life cycle remains challenging, with several sponge species hosting up to 3000 distinct microbial species. Ianthella basta, an abundant broadcast spawning species in the Indo-Pacific, is an emerging model for sponge symbiosis research as it harbours only three dominant symbionts: a Thaumarchaeotum, a Gammaproteobacterium, and an Alphaproteobacterium. Here, we successfully spawned Ianthella basta, characterised its mode of reproduction, and used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, fluorescence in situ hybridisation, and transmission electron microscopy to characterise the microbial community throughout its life cycle. We confirmed I. basta as being gonochoric and showed that the three dominant symbionts, which together make up &gt;90% of the microbiome according to 16S rRNA gene abundance, are vertically transmitted from mother to offspring by a unique method involving encapsulation in the peri-oocytic space, suggesting an obligate relationship between these microbes and their host.
Key encapsulation mechanism based on polar codes
Authors: Hooshmand Reza , Khoshfekr Mahdi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper introduces a key encapsulation mechanism based on polar codes, called as KEM‐PC, with secure and efficient key generation, encapsulation and decapsulation algorithms. In the proposed KEM‐PC, the ephemeral public encapsulation and secret decapsulation keys, which are generated at each key exchange session, are employed. By introducing secure polar coding and exploiting the characteristics of polar codes, the ephemeral secret decapsulation key size is reduced. Also, by exploiting the secure polar encoding, KEM‐PC has a proper security level against information set decoding and indistinguishable chosen plaintext attack. In fact, decreasing the ephemeral secret decapsulation key size of KEM‐PC has no impact on its security level. Moreover, the proposed KEM‐PC has a potential to be exploited in an authenticated key exchange protocol. The aforementioned properties make the proposed KEM‐PC usable in secure communication devices.
A system‐level performance evaluation of a reconfigurable filtenna in the presence of in‐ and out‐of‐band blockers
Authors: Henthorn Stephen , Ford Kenneth Lee , O'Farrell Timothy 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDirect RF sampling has been suggested as a solution for receivers that are flexible in frequency and across standards, while utilising only a single radio frequency front‐end. However there are concerns about their robustness in the presence of out‐of‐band and in‐band blockers. Tunable filtennas offer a solution to this, incorporating filtering into the antenna space while providing rejection of unwanted signals. This paper presents a filtenna containing reconfigurable frequency selective surfaces to provide tunable filtering between 1.44 and 1.95 GHz. The filtenna is characterised as an antenna and a filter, showing minimum 18 dB rejection across the principle beamwidths. It is then implemented in a direct RF sampling receiver and is shown to provide sufficient rejection of blockers to cause no degradation in the received error vector magnitude (EVM) and block error rate (BLER) of LTE signals when subject to 5G NR‐compliant blocking signals. The in‐band blocker performance is also characterised, showing at most 3 dB degradation in EVM and BLER.
Robust localization based on non‐parametric kernel technique
Authors: Park Chee‐Hyun , Chang Joon‐Hyuk 
Published: September 2022

AbstractParametric approaches are primarily used in the context of robust localization. However, the localization performance is degraded when there is a mismatch between the assumed model and the actual situation. To circumvent this problem, in this letter, a robust weighted least squares (WLS) method based on the non‐parametric kernel density estimator (KDE) and kernel regressor (Nadaraya–Watson estimator) is proposed. First, the line‐of‐sight (LOS)/non‐LOS mixture distribution is obtained using the KDE and the support corresponding to the first peak is determined as a distance estimate. Subsequently, kernel regression is performed to calculate the conditional mean and variance of the conditional mean is then estimated. Moreover, the transformed range and its variance are obtained. Subsequently, the two‐step WLS method is applied with this information. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms outperform the conventional methods in terms of localization.
A novel hardware Trojan detection method based on sweep‐frequency test
Authors: He Chunhua , Lei Dengyun , Wu Heng , Cheng Lianglun , Huang Qinwen , Yan Guizhen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel hardware Trojan detection method based on sweep‐frequency test since Trojan horse threatens information security seriously. An equivalent parasitic and load circuit model, and analysis method are depicted in detail. Experimental results of the amplitude‐frequency responses between the input and output accord with the simulation results. 11 golden chips and 9 Trojan chips are used for the sweep‐frequency tests, and the golden chips can be distinguished from Trojan chips accurately based on the relationship between the peak and valley resonant frequencies, which indicates that the proposed model and detection method are effective.
MPGI‐Terminal defect detection based on M‐FRCNN
Authors: Liu Qunpo , Wang Mengke , Wang Haixing , Hanajima Naohiko 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMicro‐precision glass insulated terminal (MPGI‐Terminal) is a high‐precision and widely used micro‐precision component. The MPGI‐Terminal is small in size with 2–5 mm in diameter. It is difficult to distinguish missing blocks on the surface during manual inspection, which is prone to false detection and missing detection. The advantages of deep learning methods in the field of object detection have gradually highlighted. They can be used to construct the missing block detection model of MPGI‐Terminal. A Max‐Min Intersection over Union (MIoU) loss function based on overlap area, distance and aspect ratio is proposed, which helps the model to perform bounding box regression more reasonably, so as to obtain the object position more accurately. In addition, the Spatial Attention Module (SAM) and the Region of Interest Alignment (RoI Align) module are introduced to further improve the model performance. Based on the above modules, a MPGI‐Terminal missing block detection model based on M‐FRCNN is constructed. The results show that the proposed model can meet the requirements of fast and high accuracy of MPGI‐Terminal missing block detection.