bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inferring the Sources of HIV Infection in Africa from Deep-Sequence Data with Semi-Parametric Bayesian Poisson Flow Models
Authors: Xi Xiaoyue , Spencer Simon E. F. , Hall Matthew , Grabowski M. Kate , Kagaayi Joseph , Ratmann Oliver 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPathogen deep-sequencing is an increasingly routinely used technology in infectious disease surveillance. We present a semi-parametric Bayesian Poisson model to exploit these emerging data for inferring infectious disease transmission flows and the sources of infection at the population level. The framework is computationally scalable in high-dimensional flow spaces thanks to Hilbert Space Gaussian process approximations, allows for sampling bias adjustments, and estimation of gender- and age-specific transmission flows at finer resolution than previously possible. We apply the approach to densely sampled, population-based HIV deep-sequence data from Rakai, Uganda, and find substantive evidence that adolescent and young women were predominantly infected through age-disparate relationships in the study period 2009–2015.
Opioids and older adults: Increasing trends in opioid usage in a dental population compared to a National Database (NHANES)
Authors: Suarez‐Durall Piedad , Osborne Maile S. , Chan Chan , Enciso Reyes , Mulligan Roseann 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimTo examine self‐reported opioid prevalence at a dental school clinic for patients ≥65 years old as compared to national data, comparing gender, ethnicity/race and older adult age groupings.Methods and resultsSelf‐reported prescription opioid medication use was extracted from the medical record for dental patients ≥65 years old who visited the school's general dental clinic (GDC) in 2012 or 2017. This data was compared to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data for 2011–2012 and 2017–18. There was a significant increase in prevalence of opioid use in adults ≥65 between 2012 (4.5%) and 2017 (6.5%) and for ages 65–79 (from 4.7% to 6.3%) and ≥80 (3.4% to 7.9%), women (4.8% to 7.0%), and African Americans (4.7% to 8.4%) in the GDC. Older adults at the GDC reported less opioid use than the NHANES national average for both periods no matter the gender or the age with variable results for race/ethnicity.ConclusionThe prevalence of older adults taking opioids in our general dental school clinic population increased significantly in 2017 as compared to 2012 but was lower than the national average for the respective periods. Awareness of existing opioid usage in older adult patients and its higher adverse risk potential is critical when prescribing analgesics for dental pain for this age group.
Association between BMI and periodontitis in women living with or at risk for HIV
Authors: Janorkar Deepti A. , Long Dustin M. , Weber Kathleen M. , Sharma Anjali , Lin Guo‐Hao , D'Souza Gypsyamber , Edmonds Andrew , Kassaye Seble , Lahiri Cecile D. , Konkle‐Parker Deborah 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsCurrently, there is no data available assessing the association between body mass index (BMI) and periodontitis among women living with HIV (WLWH). This study aims to investigate this association among WLWH and women at risk for HIV (WRH) in the United States.Methods and resultsData from 351 WLWH and 52 WRH participants from the Women's Interagency HIV Study having pocket depths and clinical periodontal attachment loss assessments in 2003–2004 were included. Multinomial logistic regression analyses in the full sample assessed the relationship between BMI (underweight/normal, overweight, or obese) and periodontitis by severity (mild, moderate, severe), adjusting for study sites, age, education, annual household income, smoking, alcohol consumption, and diabetes.Overall, 75.2% women (76.0% WLWH; 69.0% WRH) had periodontitis. Moreover, 75.0% obese and 75.3% overweight women were affected by periodontitis. In the full sample, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of having mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis in obese women were: 1.14 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51–2.52), 1.02 (95% CI: 0.46–2.29), and 0.24 (95% CI: 0.06–1.07), respectively, and in overweight women: 0.70 (95% CI: 0.31–1.58), 0.85 (95% CI: 0.38–1.90), and 0.31 (95% CI: 0.08–1.15), respectively.ConclusionsEven with high prevalence of periodontitis among women with or without HIV infection in this cohort, this study does not provide evidence of an association between BMI and periodontitis.
People with congenital bleeding disorders perspectives on why dentists refused to treat them: An exploratory qualitative study using a card sorting technique
Authors: Abed Hassan , Alsahafi Elham 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsThis qualitative study aimed to assess people with congenital bleeding disorders (CBDs) perspectives on why their dentists refused to treat them.MethodsUsing validated and reliable questions, people with CBDs were asked about their attitude toward dental visit and teeth brushing, perceived thought about dentists’ knowledge and skill in treating them, perceived dental anxiety, and perceived barriers toward receiving dental services. Free text responses were added to report reasons of why people with CBDs could not brush their teeth sometimes and why the dentists refused to treat them. An open card sorting method was used to analyze participants free text reports.ResultsA total of 30 participants were recruited for the purpose of this qualitative study (70% adults and 30% children). Hemophilia A affected the majority of both groups. The majority of participants (n = 20, 67%) reported that they have been refused to be treated by their dentists (71% of adults versus 56% of children, as reported by their parents, p‐value = 0.398). Adult participants reported that they have been refused to be treated by dentists due to fear of dentists from uncontrolled gingival bleeding, their dentists’ beliefs that no dental treatment required for them, their thoughts that their dentists will refuse to treat them and difficulty of accommodating the dental visit with other medical appointments. Parents of children reported other reasons such as parents did not ask for dental treatments, difficulty of dental treatment to dentists, young age of patient, and poor accessibility to dental services due to long waiting list. Fear of adult participants from uncontrolled gingival bleeding (n = 4, 57%) and poor compliance of children toward teeth brushing (n = 2, 29%) were the reasons behind why they could not brush their teeth sometimes.ConclusionsAmong several reported reasons, fear of dentists from uncontrolled gingival bleeding was the most reported reason of why dentists refused to treat adults with CBDs. While other reasons were reported by parents of children with CBDs such as parents did not ask for dental treatment to their children, difficulty of dental treatment to dentists, young age of patients, and poor accessibility due to long waiting list.
Multiply robust matching estimators of average and quantile treatment effects
Authors: Yang Shu , Zhang Yunshu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPropensity score matching has been a long‐standing tradition for handling confounding in causal inference, however, requiring stringent model assumptions. In this article, we propose novel double score matching (DSM) utilizing both the propensity score and prognostic score. To gain the protection of possible model misspecification, we posit multiple candidate models for each score. We show that the debiasing DSM estimator achieves the multiple robustness property in that it is consistent if any one of the score models is correctly specified. We characterize the asymptotic distribution for the DSM estimator requiring only one correct model specification based on the martingale representations of the matching estimators and theory for local normal experiments. We also provide a two‐stage replication method for variance estimation and extend DSM for quantile estimation. Simulation demonstrates DSM outperforms single‐score matching and prevailing multiply robust weighting estimators in the presence of extreme propensity scores.
Colistin sulfate for decontamination of preservation fluid in kidney transplantation to decrease the incidence of donor‐derived infections caused by multidrug‐resistant Gram‐negative bacteria
Authors: Sui Mingxing , Zheng Nanxin , Xu Da , Li Yuhong , Li Yanhua , Pu Shijun , Ji Meili , Yang Suxia , Chen Yutong , Huang Juan , Zhu Youhua , Lu Hanlan , Zeng Li 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPreservation fluid (PF) contamination, especially by multidrug‐resistant (MDR) Gram‐negative bacteria (GNB), poses a high risk of donor‐derived infection (DDI) and severe clinical outcomes. We sought to determine whether the use of colistin sulfate to decontaminate PF in kidney transplantation can decrease the incidence of probable DDI (p‐DDI) caused by MDR GNB.MethodsIn a retrospective study of 916 recipients who received deceased donation, 864 PF samples were collected and cultured, and microbiological contaminants were recorded with the recipients’ clinical data and outcomes. From March 2016 to May 2019, 624 samples were decontaminated with ceftizoxime, and from June 2019 to March 2021, 240 samples were decontaminated with colistin sulfate. Between‐group comparisons were performed to assess the ability of the two decontamination regimens to decrease the incidence of p‐DDI, especially MDR GNB‐related infection.ResultsThe overall PF contamination rate was 54.51% (471/864), and 80 samples were positive for MDR GNB contamination. All p‐DDIs occurred in the ceftizoxime group (p < 0.001), and 67.65% of p‐DDIs were MDR GNB‐related. In the ceftizoxime group, 23 of 61 cases of MDR GNB contamination led to related p‐DDIs, while none occurred in the colistin sulfate group (p = 0.002). Among the 23 patients with p‐DDIs, 5 died due to severe infection, and 2 experienced graft loss.ConclusionsThe goal of decontamination should be to decrease the risk of MDR GNB‐related p‐DDI, and colistin sulfate could be an effective and feasible option.
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Doppler ultrasonographic evaluation of medically treated female dogs with cystic endometrial hyperplasia–pyometra complex
Authors: Batista Pablo Rodrigo , Gobello Cristina , Rube Ana , Barrena Jorge Pablo , Arioni Sol , Blanco Paula Graciela 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMonitoring the treatment outcome of canine cystic endometrial hyperplasia‐pyometra complex (CEH‐P) is essential to identify nonresponding patients who might require a rapid intervention to avoid life‐threatening conditions. Uterine artery Doppler characterization may contribute to monitoring medically treated CEH‐P, but published studies are currently lacking. Therefore, the aim of this longitudinal prospective observational study was to evaluate uterine artery resistance changes in the medical treatment of female dogs with CEH‐P. Twelve diestrous female dogs suffering from CEH‐P were treated with a combined protocol of cabergoline, cloprostenol, and antibiotics. The animals were clinically and ultrasonographically evaluated before the beginning of treatment (day 0) and on days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28. The widest transverse diameter and luminal diameter of uterine horns were measured, as well as the peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end diastolic velocity (EDV) of uterine arteries. The resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), and notch deep index (NDI) were calculated. On day 3, nine of 12 animals showed clinical improvement. In all these female dogs, the widest transverse sectional diameter (P < 0.01), luminal diameter (P < 0.01), PSV (P < 0.01), and EDV (P < 0.01) progressively decreased, while RI (P < 0.01), PI (P < 0.01), and NDI (P < 0.01) increased up to day 21. In nonresponding dogs (3/12), Doppler parameters remained unchanged. Although comparisons of PSV, EDV, and NDI were significantly different, these results should be cautiously interpreted due to the low statistical power. female dogs that responded to this treatment showed an increase in uterine artery resistance, along with clinical and ultrasonographic improvement.
Revealing diagnostic characters through morphological evolution in cleptoparasitic spider wasps (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae, Ceropales)
Authors: Waichert Cecilia , Rodriguez Juanita , Lelej Arkady S. , von Dohlen Carol D. , Pitts James P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSpider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) cleptoparasites, such as Ceropales Latreille, have evolved the ability to steal the spiders from other pompilids. This behaviour is often observed with morphological adaptations that might mislead taxonomic decisions due to convergence. For instance, four subgenera, Bifidoceropales Wolf, Ceropales s. str., Hemiceropales Wolf and Priesnerius Móczár and six species‐groups are recognized within Ceropales; all with doubtful identification. We studied species of Ceropales in light of molecular and morphological characters to delimit lineages and to test the applicability of morphological traits in diagnosing them. We used the molecular nuclear markers long‐wavelength rhodopsin and 28S ribosomal RNA, and the mitochondrial Cytochrome C Oxidase I available at Genebank to reconstruct Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees. Our results disagree with the current subgeneric classification. We found that fore wing venation and the shape of the female posterior metasomal segments are key characters to differentiate lineages. We discuss morphological evolution of the sting apparatus using ancestral state reconstructions; and we propose Bifidoceropales as a junior subjective synonym of Ceropales s. str., whereas Priesnerius, stat. resurr. and Hemiceropales are redefined based on male and female morphological traits. This study raises important concerns, from the validity of diagnostic characters currently used to identify cleptoparasite spider wasps—and taxa with habitat constraints leading to homoplasies. Taxonomy can benefit from the reconstruction of ancestral traits by revealing reliable diagnostic characters. Moreover, our investigation provides a framework for evolutionary studies on hymenopteran cleptoparasitoids and sets the basis for future phylogenomic investigations on Ceropales by opening new perspectives for taxonomic acts and guiding taxonomic sampling efforts.
Lithium-Ion Battery State of Health Estimation Based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and Cuckoo Search Algorithm Optimized Elman Neural Network
Authors: Chang Chun , Wang Shaojin , Jiang Jiuchun , Gao Yang , Jiang Yan , Liao Li 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In order to ensure the driving safety of electric vehicles and avoid potential failures, it is important to properly estimate the state of health (SOH) of lithium-ion batteries. In this paper, a method of lithium-ion battery SOH estimation based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and an algorithm fused by Elman neural network and cuckoo search (CS-Elman) is proposed. First, by extracting 19 features of EIS and using principal component analysis to reduce dimension, we obtain four principal components as model inputs. Second, CS algorithm optimizes the weights and thresholds of Elman algorithm. Next, we use the CS-Elman model to estimate the battery SOH and verify the model with the remaining battery data. In addition, we propose a variable temperature estimation model and verify the feasibility of the model between 25 °C and 45 °C. Finally, the experimental results show that the mean absolute error of the method is less than 1.36%.
Frequency-dependent polarization of repeating fast radio bursts—implications for their origin
Authors: Feng Yi , Li Di , Yang Yuan-Pei , Zhang Yongkun , Zhu Weiwei , Zhang Bing , Lu Wenbin , Wang Pei , Dai Shi , Lynch Ryan S. , Yao Jumei , Jiang Jinchen , Niu Jiarui , Zhou Dejiang , Xu Heng , Miao Chenchen , Niu Chenhui , Meng Lingqi , Qian Lei , Tsai Chao-Wei , Wang Bojun , Xue Mengyao , Yue Youling , Yuan Mao , Zhang Songbo , Zhang Lei 
Published: March 2022

The polarization of fast radio bursts (FRBs), which are bright astronomical transient phenomena, contains information about their environments. Using wide-band observations with two telescopes, we report polarization measurements of five repeating FRBs and find a trend of lower polarization at lower frequencies. This behavior is modeled as multipath scattering, characterized by a single parameter, σ
RM
, the rotation measure (RM) scatter. Sources with higher σ
RM
have higher RM magnitude and scattering time scales. The two sources with the highest σ
RM
, FRB 20121102A and FRB 20190520B, are associated with compact persistent radio sources. These properties indicate a complex environment near the repeating FRBs, such as a supernova remnant or a pulsar wind nebula, consistent with their having arisen from young stellar populations.
TGFβ receptor inhibition unleashes interferon-β production by tumor-associated macrophages and enhances radiotherapy efficacy
Authors: Hamon Pauline , Gerbé De Thoré Marine , Classe Marion , Signolle Nicolas , Liu Winchygn , Bawa Olivia , Meziani Lydia , Clémenson Céline , Milliat Fabien , Deutsch Eric , Mondini Michele 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundTransforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) can limit the efficacy of cancer treatments, including radiotherapy (RT), by inducing an immunosuppressive tumor environment. The association of TGFβ with impaired T cell infiltration and antitumor immunity is known, but the mechanisms by which TGFβ participates in immune cell exclusion and limits the efficacy of antitumor therapies warrant further investigations.MethodsWe used the clinically relevant TGFβ receptor 2 (TGFβR2)-neutralizing antibody MT1 and the small molecule TGFβR1 inhibitor LY3200882 and evaluated their efficacy in combination with RT against murine orthotopic models of head and neck and lung cancer.ResultsWe demonstrated that TGFβ pathway inhibition strongly increased the efficacy of RT. TGFβR2 antibody upregulated interferon beta expression in tumor-associated macrophages within the irradiated tumors and favored T cell infiltration at the periphery and within the core of the tumor lesions. We highlighted that both the antitumor efficacy and the increased lymphocyte infiltration observed with the combination of MT1 and RT were dependent on type I interferon signaling.ConclusionsThese data shed new light on the role of TGFβ in limiting the efficacy of RT, identifying a novel mechanism involving the inhibition of macrophage-derived type I interferon production, and fostering the use of TGFβR inhibition in combination with RT in therapeutic strategies for the management of head and neck and lung cancer.
STAT3 inhibitor Napabucasin abrogates MDSC immunosuppressive capacity and prolongs survival of melanoma-bearing mice
Authors: Bitsch Rebekka , Kurzay Annina , Özbay Kurt Feyza , De La Torre Carolina , Lasser Samantha , Lepper Alisa , Siebenmorgen Alina , Müller Verena , Altevogt Peter , Utikal Jochen , Umansky Viktor 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundMyeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) represent a negative prognostic factor in malignant melanoma. These cells are generated under chronic inflammatory conditions typical of cancer. The transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) orchestrates MDSC accumulation and acquisition of immunosuppressive properties. Here we studied STAT3 inhibition by Napabucasin as a way to block MDSC accumulation and activity and its potential to treat malignant melanoma.MethodsIn vitrogenerated murine MDSC and primary MDSC from melanoma-bearing mice were used to investigate the effects of Napabucasin on MDSCin vitro. TheRETtransgenic mouse model of malignant melanoma was used to examine Napabucasin therapy efficiency and its underlying mechanismsin vivo. Furthermore, STAT3 activation and its correlation with survival were explored in MDSC from 19 patients with malignant melanoma and humanin vitrogenerated monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cell (M-MDSC) were used to evaluate the effects of Napabucasin.ResultsNapabucasin was able to abrogate the capacity of murine MDSC to suppress CD8+T-cell proliferation. The STAT3 inhibitor induced apoptosis in murine MDSC, significantly increased expression of molecules associated with antigen processing and presentation, as well as slightly decreased expression of immunosuppressive factors on these cells.RETtransgenic mice treated with Napabucasin showed prolonged survival accompanied by a strong accumulation of tumor-infiltrating antigen-presenting cells and activation of CD8+and CD4+T cells. Interestingly, patients with malignant melanoma with high expression of activated STAT3 in circulating M-MDSC showed significantly worse progression-free survival (PFS) than patients with low levels of activated STAT3. In addition, Napabucasin was able to abrogate suppressive capacity of humanin vitrogenerated M-MDSC.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that STAT3 inhibitor Napabucasin completely abrogated the immunosuppressive capacity of murine MDSC and human M-MDSC and improved melanoma-bearing mouse survival. Moreover, patients with malignant melanoma with high expression levels of activated STAT3 in M-MDSC displayed shorter PFS, indicating its role as a promising therapeutic target in patients with malignant melanoma and a predictive marker for their clinical outcome.
Reducing cognitive load during video lectures in physiology with eye movement modeling and pauses: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Aalioui Lockman , Gouzi Fares , Tricot André 
Published: March 2022

Lectures constitute a basic component of physiology instruction in scientific and healthcare curricula. Technological progress has allowed a switch from face to face to video lectures, yet there is no evidence of video efficacy in physiology. Because videos increase the cognitive load during a learning task, identifying tools that decrease students’ cognitive load during video lectures is critical. Segmenting videos with pauses and inducing joint attention with eye movement modeling examples (EMME) could reduce the cognitive load and improve second-year medical students’ learning in physiology video lectures. Second-year medical students were randomized into four groups [EMME + pauses (EMME + P), EMME without pause`s (EMME-NoP), pauses only (NoEMME + P), and no EMME and no pause (NoEMME-NoP)], took pretest quizzes, watched a renal physiology video lecture, and answered a cognitive load questionnaire and posttest quizzes on the Moodle learning management system. Student prior knowledge was assessed by a pretest, and learning gains were assessed by the difference between posttest and pretest scores. One hundred ninety-five students completed the experiment. Pauses improved learning gains ( P < 0.01) but not EMME ( P = 0.11). Student prior knowledge has several interactions with other variables: low-prior knowledge students obtained better learning gains ( P < 0.001) and high-prior knowledge students had lower learning gains with EMME ( P < 0.05). Our study shows the potential role of tools designed to reduce students’ cognitive load during a renal physiology video lecture and the critical need for empirical validation of pedagogical solutions that are adapted to the specificities of physiology lectures.