bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pollen morphology and its implication in the taxonomy of some selected taxa of the bi and tri‐ovulate Euphorbiaceae of the Hainan Island by using multiple microscopic techniques
Authors: Bahadur Saraj , Taj Sehrish , Long Wenxing , Ahmad Mushtaq 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe family Euphorbiaceae is one of the most taxonomically complex and diverse family among the angiosperm. Therefore, this study aims to document the pollen morphology of the Euphorbiaceae taxa collected from different geographical regions of the Hainan Island South China, to strengthen the taxonomy and support the subfamilial classification. The Euphorbiaceae includes 23 species and 10 genera of the bi‐ovulate subfamily Phyllanthoideae and tri‐ovulate Crotonoideae, Euphorbioideae, and Acalyphoideae were examined under light and scanning electron microscopy. The principal component analysis was performed by using six variables to show variation and relationships between the species. A significant variation was found in the pollen morphology (exine and colpus sculpturing). The croton‐type pattern of the pollen was found the diagnostic trait of the Crotonoideae. The Euhphorboideae taxa were mostly homogenous however, variation was found in the muri pattern. The Acalyphoideae, have fossulate scabrate and verrucate exine sculpturing that can delimit from the rest of sub‐families. The Phyllanthoideae, showed reticulate exine, tri to tetra‐colporate having various colpus morphology. The maximum pollen size was found in Croton hirtus (59.49 × 60.86 μm) and minimum in Acalypha indica (10.86 × 73 μm). Similarly, the maximum colpus width was observed in Euphorbia pulcherrima (8.3 μm). Hence pollen traits have relevance in the taxonomy and phylogenetic of the family to define species boundaries at various taxonomic levels. This study can support and strengthen the taxonomy of subfamilies and fill the palynological gap of these taxa in Hainan Island and will contribute to future systematic studies of the Euphorbiaceae.
Long‐term remission of extramedullary cutaneous relapse of acute myeloid leukaemia (leukaemia cutis) treated with decitabine‐venetoclax
Authors: Maravalle Denise , Filosa Alessandra , Bigazzi Catia , Collina Guido , Galieni Piero 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn February 2020, a 74‐year‐old female was diagnosed with myelomonocytic acute myeloid leukaemia with FLT3 mutation and blasts positive for CD33, BCL‐2 and CD68/PGM1. Not responding to a standard Cytarabine–containing regimen plus Midostaurin, the patient achieved a complete remission (CR) of the disease in the bone marrow following a reinduction therapy with high‐dose Cytarabine but simultaneously relapsed developing leukaemia cutis with disseminated lesions in 80% of the body surface area. After receiving 10 cycles of Decitabine plus Venetoclax the patient achieved and maintains a continuous CR.
Evaluation of a PEGylated Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Variant Using Novel Preclinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Elastography in a Mouse Model of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Tang Haiying , Li Jiahui , Zinker Bradley , Boehm Stephanie , Mauer Amy , Rex‐Rabe Sandra , Glaser Kevin J. , Fronheiser Matthew , Bradstreet Thomas , Nakao Yasuhiko , Petrone Thomas , Pena Adrienne , Villano MacKenzie , Chow Patrick , Malhi Harmeet , Charles Edgar D. , Hayes Wendy , Ehman Richard L. , Du Shuyan , Yin Meng 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundTreatments for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are urgently needed. Hepatic fat fraction and shear stiffness quantified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI‐HFF) and magnetic resonance elastography (MRE‐SS), respectively, are biomarkers for hepatic steatosis and fibrosis.PurposeThis study assessed the longitudinal effects of fibroblast growth factor 21 variant (polyethylene glycol [PEG]‐FGF21v) on MRI‐HFF and MRE‐SS in a NASH mouse model.Study TypePreclinical.Animal ModelThis study included a choline‐deficient, amino acid‐defined, high‐fat diet (CDAHFD) model and 6‐week‐old, male C57BL/6J mice (N = 78).Field Strength/SequenceThis study was performed using: 3T: gradient‐echo two‐point Dixon and spin‐echo (SE) echo‐planar imaging elastography (200 Hz) and 7T: SE two‐point Dixon and SE elastography (200 Hz).AssessmentMRI and MRE were performed before control diet (CD) or CDAHFD (BD), before PEG‐FGF21v dosing (baseline), and after PEG‐FGF21v treatment (WK4/8). Regions of interest for MRI‐HFF and MRE‐SS were delineated by J.L. and H.T. (>5 years of experience each). Fibrosis and steatosis were measured histologically after picrosirius red and H&E staining. Alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, bile acids, and triglycerides (TGs) were measured.Statistical TestsTwo‐tailed Dunnett's tests were used for statistical analysis; untreated CDAHFD or baseline was used for comparisons. Imaging and histology/biochemistry data were determined using Spearman correlations. Bayesian posterior distributions for MRE‐SS at WK8, posterior means, and 95% credible intervals were presented.ResultsCDAHFD significantly increased baseline MRI‐HFF (3T: 21.97% ± 0.29%; 7T: 40.12% ± 0.35%) and MRE‐SS (3T: 1.25 ± 0.02; 7T: 1.78 ± 0.06 kPa) vs. CD (3T: 3.45% ± 0.7%; 7T: 12.06% ± 1.4% and 3T: 1.01 ± 0.02; 7T: 0.89 ± 0.06 kPa). At 7T, PEG‐FGF21v significantly decreased MRI‐HFF (WK4: 28.97% ± 1.22%; WK8: 20.93% ± 1.15%) and MRE‐SS (WK4: 1.57 ± 0.04; WK8: 1.36 ± 0.05 kPa) vs. untreated (WK4: 36.36% ± 0.62%; WK8: 30.58% ± 0.81% and WK4: 2.03 ± 0.06; WK8: 2.01 ± 0.04 kPa); 3T trends were similar. WK8 SS posterior mean percent attenuation ratios (RDI) were −68% (−90%, −44%; 3T) and −64% (−78%, −52%; 7T). MRI‐HFF was significantly correlated with H&E (3T, r = 0.93; 7T, r = 0.94) and TGs (both, r = 0.92).Data ConclusionsMRI‐HFF and MRE‐SS showed PEG‐FGF21v effects on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis across 3 and 7T, consistent with histological and biochemical data.Level of Evidence1Technical Efficacy Stage2
A highly complex stingless bee propolis: Composition and influence of the period of collection
Authors: Negri Giuseppina , Salatino Antonio , Pereira Leonardo L Regnier , Salatino Maria Luiza Faria , do Nascimento Roberto Manoel , Mendonça Ronaldo Zucatelli 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundStingless bees or meliponines (family Apidae, subfamily Meliponinae, tribe Meliponini) are eusocial bees from tropical and subtropical regions. Propolis ofScaptotrigonaaff.postica(Latreille, 1807) is used in the state of Maranhão (Northeast Brazil) in ointments to treat tumors and wounds. Samples of propolis ofS. aff.postica(Apidae, Meliponini) were collected monthly from an apiary located in Barra do Corda (state of Maranhão, Northeast Brazil). Extracts of the 12 samples were obtained with 80% ethanol. Constituents of the samples were characterized by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode array detector and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry analysis, amounting to 100 substances.ResultsRepresentatives of several classes of secondary metabolites were characterized, including benzoic and cinnamic acids, flavonoids (chalcones, flavone‐C‐glycosides, flavonol aglycones, and glycosides), alkyl and alkenyl resorcinols, xanthones, diterpenes, cycloartane‐type triterpenoids, pentacyclic triterpenoids, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, and hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAAs). Considerable qualitative differences in chemical composition among samples were observed, depending on the year period of collection. Principal Coordinate Analysis recognized three distinct year periods (Jan–Mar, April–Sep, Oct–Dec) according to the corresponding chemical profiles.ConclusionCompared with previous studies, the present work indicates that considerable differences in chemical composition occur also from year to year. Contrary to most propolis types reported so far, which derive exclusively or mostly from a single botanical source, the propolis from Barra do Corda seemingly depends on several resin sources. It is suggested that chalcones and flavonols stem fromMimosa tenuiflora(Mimosoideae); resorcinols, xanthones, and cycloartane‐type triterpenoids, from fruits ofMangifera indica(Anacardiaceae); pyrrolizidine alkaloids, possibly from someCrotalariaspecies (Faboideae); HCAAs probably originate from pollen contaminating the propolis samples. The propolis ofS. aff.posticaposes challenges and possibilities of study for apicultural researchers, chemists, and pharmacologists.
Protective effect of surface‐layer proteins from four Lactobacillus strains on tumor necrosis factor‐α‐induced intestinal barrier dysfunction
Authors: Zhang Jiaojiao , Li Qinpei , Wu Liying , Xu Shichen , Lu Rongrong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe intestinal epithelium is considered the first defense protection against exogenous harmful substances, playing an indispensable role in regulating intestinal health. The protection offered by surface‐layer proteins (Slps) from different Lactobacillus strains on an impaired intestinal barrier was investigated in this study.RESULTSFour Slps pre‐incubated for 6 h significantly prevented the reduced transepithelial electrical resistance value and increased paracellular permeability in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α‐induced Caco‐2 monolayers. TNF‐α induced lower protein expression of occludin and zonula occludens‐1, and abnormal distributions of occludin and zonula occludens‐1 were ameliorated by four Slps as well. Additionally, four Slps weakened TNF‐α‐evoked interleukin‐8 secretion and nuclear factor‐κB activation.CONCLUSIONFour Slps from different strains prevent the intestinal barrier from TNF‐α‐induced dysfunction through blocking the nuclear factor‐κB signaling pathway. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Degradation of Cellulose Acetate in Simulated Aqueous Environments: One‐Year Study
Authors: Yadav Nisha , Hakkarainen Minna 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCellulose acetate (CA) is subjected to different aqueous environments (e.g., lake water, seawater, artificial seawater) under controlled laboratory conditions to investigate the degradation potential in natural water systems. The main changes in the CA films are detected during the first months of the 12‐month study. Approximately 5% and 10% weight losses are observed during the first month of aging at RT and at 60 °C, respectively. The temperature effect is rather negligible and the weight loss also does not significantly increase on prolonged aging. A quantitative high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis shows that this weight loss is mainly caused by deacetylation and depending on the aging conditions, 10–30% of the acetate groups are lost during the first 1–3 months of aging. Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses further support this. It is well established that a high degree of substitution (DS) is the bottleneck for biodegradation of CA and a significantly higher biodegradation rate has been demonstrated for CA materials with degree of substitution, DS<2, compared to those with DS>2. The degree of deacetylation observed here is enough to decrease the DS to below 2, which can therefore have a significant effect on the subsequent biodegradation.
Impact of Intestinal Bacteria on Levodopa Pharmacokinetics in LCIG Therapy
Authors: Yamanishi Yuki , Choudhury Mohammed Emamussalehin , Yoshida Akira , Hosokawa Yuko , Miyaue Noriyuki , Tada Satoshi , Ando Rina , Murakami Shinobu , Miyamoto Hitoshi , Nagai Masahiro 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundLevodopa‐carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) therapy is used in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) and consists of continuous administration of levodopa directly into the jejunum through a percutaneous endoscopic gastro‐jejunal (PEG‐J) tube. Recently, the metabolism of levodopa by Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) has been reported. Intestinal bacteria can also affect this therapy.ObjectivesTo investigate intestinal bacteria and examine its impact on levodopa blood concentration in patients with PD receiving LCIG therapy.MethodsWe enrolled 6 patients receiving LCIG therapy in our department. After PEG‐J tube replacement, intestinal bacteria were collected from the tip of the tube and were identified using culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. Moreover, the presence of tyrosine decarboxylase, which metabolizes levodopa, was also confirmed by PCR test. The ability of these bacteria to metabolize levodopa was confirmed in vitro. Levodopa blood concentrations were also examined before PEG‐J tube replacement.ResultsBacteria were detected in all 6 patients. E. faecalis was present in 4 patients. Moreover, tyrosine decarboxylase was detected in 2 patients. The identified bacteria displayed in vitro metabolization to dopamine in the 4 E. faecalis positive samples. The addition of carbidopa did not inhibit the metabolism of levodopa. However, there was no difference in the mean blood concentration of levodopa, regardless of the presence of E. faecalis.ConclusionsWe found bacteria, including E. faecalis in the PEG‐J tube. We observed levodopa metabolism in vitro, but there was no association with levodopa blood concentration. The effect of intestinal bacteria may be limited in patients receiving LCIG therapy.
Exon skipping caused by a complex structural variation in SH2D1A resulted in X‐linked lymphoproliferative syndrome type 1
Authors: Wu Liwen , Yang Feng , Wang Jia , Yang Fan , Liang Mengmeng , Yang Haiyan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundX‐linked lymphoproliferative syndrome type 1 (XLP1) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by severe immune dysregulation often after viral infection. It is caused by hemizygous mutations in the X‐linked SH2D1A gene. People with XLP1 have complex and variable phenotype manifestations as EBV‐driven severe or fulminant mononucleosis, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV‐HLH), dysgammaglobulinemia, and B‐cell lymphoma.MethodsImmunological analyses, clinical laboratory testing, and whole exome sequencing (WES) were performed to help the disease diagnosis for the patient with severe immune dysregulation. Routine and extended WES analysis pipelines were applied to explore candidates. A complex genomic structural variation in SH2D1A was detected and verified by Inverse‐PCR, Gap‐PCR, and RT‐PCR.ResultsHere we reported that a five‐year‐old male patient manifested with EBV‐HLH, recurrent infection by severe immune dysregulation, and successfully managed with HSCT. He finally established precise disease diagnosis as XLP1 caused by a complex genomic structural variation in SH2D1A (NC_000023.11:g. [124,350,560_124365777del; 124,365,777_124365917inv; 124,365,911_124365916del]). The mother and grandmother of the proband were confirmed to be carriers. The complex variant resulted in the exon 2 skipping and was predicted to generate a prematurely truncated protein.ConclusionThe complex structural variant combined with paracentric inversion and large size deletions was first reported in XLP1 cases. It is considered to be pathogenic based on the truncation of the mRNA sequence and cosegregation with the disease in three‐generation pedigree analysis. This finding has expanded the known XLP‐related mutation spectrum in Chinese patients and indicated remarkable effects on the early diagnosis and therapeutic implication using proper molecular testing techniques.
Technical note: The impact of storage humidity on the response of reference‐class ionization chambers
Authors: Morishita Yuichiro , Shimizu Morihito , Takase Nobuhiro , Yamashita Wataru , Sakata Suoh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeA number of Farmer‐type ionization chambers were tested against storage humidity to confirm whether they satisfied the criteria for the long‐term stability of reference‐class ionization chambers.MethodsThe ionization chambers were stored for several months in an environment with relative humidity adjustable from 20% to 80%. The ionization chambers were removed from the storage environment at variable intervals ranging from 1 to 70 days and irradiated in a Co‐60 radiation beam. The responses for each ionization chamber were evaluated from the measured currents corrected for the atmospheric air density, and were compared with those predicted by the Co‐60 half‐life.ResultsCertain ionization chambers gave a constant relative response regardless of the storage humidity, while the relative responses of two types of ionization chambers changed as a function of the storage humidity. The difference between the relative responses for the low (20–30%) and high (70–80%) storage relative humidity was 0.7%. The response was larger for the high relative humidity storage. Immediately after the storage humidity changed, the relative response started to change by the day, and it took approximately 2 weeks to 2 months for the relative response to converge. For one type of the ionization chamber, the plastic outer wall and the outer electrode were replaced with those made of solid graphite, and it was confirmed that the remodeled ionization chamber did not exhibit the response change.ConclusionsThe present results and previous reports by other authors indicate that the magnitude of the change depends on the magnitude of the water absorption of the plastic used for the outer wall and/or the electrode of the ionization chamber. Thus, it is important in the selection of the reference‐class ionization chamber to note the material and structure of the outer wall and electrode of the ionization chamber. If the ionization chamber has a hygroscopic wall and electrode and it is used as a reference ionization chamber, it is necessary to pay additional attention to the humidity difference for the storage, daily irradiation, and yearly calibration especially in regions with large seasonal humidity fluctuations.
Subsecond accurate myelin water fraction reconstruction from FAST‐T2 data with 3D UNET
Authors: Kim Jeremy , Nguyen Thanh D. , Zhang Jinwei , Gauthier Susan A. , Marcille Melanie , Zhang Hang , Cho Junghun , Spincemaille Pascal , Wang Yi 
Published: January 2022

PurposeTo develop a 3D UNET convolutional neural network for rapid extraction of myelin water fraction (MWF) maps from six‐echo fast acquisition with spiral trajectory and T2‐prep data and to evaluate its accuracy in comparison with multilayer perceptron (MLP) network.MethodsThe MWF maps were extracted from 138 patients with multiple sclerosis using an iterative three‐pool nonlinear least‐squares algorithm (NLLS) without and with spatial regularization (srNLLS), which were used as ground‐truth labels to train, validate, and test UNET and MLP networks as a means to accelerate data fitting. Network testing was performed in 63 patients with multiple sclerosis and a numerically simulated brain phantom at SNR of 200, 100 and 50.ResultsSimulations showed that UNET reduced the MWF mean absolute error by 30.1% to 56.4% and 16.8% to 53.6% over the whole brain and by 41.2% to 54.4% and 21.4% to 49.4% over the lesions for predicting srNLLS and NLLS MWF, respectively, compared to MLP, with better performance at lower SNRs. UNET also outperformed MLP for predicting srNLLS MWF in the in vivo multiple‐sclerosis brain data, reducing mean absolute error over the whole brain by 61.9% and over the lesions by 67.5%. However, MLP yielded 41.1% and 51.7% lower mean absolute error for predicting in vivo NLLS MWF over the whole brain and the lesions, respectively, compared with UNET. The whole‐brain MWF processing time using a GPU was 0.64 seconds for UNET and 0.74 seconds for MLP.ConclusionSubsecond whole‐brain MWF extraction from fast acquisition with spiral trajectory and T2‐prep data using UNET is feasible and provides better accuracy than MLP for predicting MWF output of srNLLS algorithm.
Evaluation of Anesthesia Protocols for Handling Hogfish Using Tricaine Methanesulfonate and AQUI-S 20E
Authors: Shopnitz Fred A. , Ohs Cortney L. , Silvy Elizabeth H. , Broach Jason S. , DiMaggio Matthew A. , Patterson Joshua T. , Collins Angela 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The Hogfish Lachnolaimus maximus is a high-value food fish with significant recreational and commercial fishing pressure and is a candidate species for marine aquaculture. There is a need to define safe and effective methods of anesthesia for handling of this species for aquaculture. Anesthesia efficacy was assessed with wild-collected adult (&gt;20 cm; 0.2–1.2 kg) and juvenile F1 (&lt;11 cm; 5–50 g) Hogfish by using tricaine methanesulfonate (Tricaine-S) at 25, 50, 100, 125, and 150 mg/L and AQUI-S 20E (10% eugenol) at 50, 75, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mg/L to determine favorable doses for minor handling. Favorable doses resulted in induction of light anesthesia and recovery times each under 5 min, zero mortality, and limited excitation behavior. For adult Hogfish, Tricaine-S was effective at inducing light anesthesia at 100–150 mg/L and was preferred over the effective range of AQUI-S 20E doses (100–200 mg/L) based on fish behavioral observations while undergoing anesthesia. Additionally, induction of deep anesthesia was explored to inform potential doses for major and potentially lethal procedures. These same ranges were effective at inducing deep anesthesia in adults. Juvenile fish were effectively anesthetized at the same doses of Tricaine-S (100–150 mg/L) and were induced to light and deep anesthesia faster than adults at the same dose levels. AQUI-S 20E was effective at inducing light anesthesia in juveniles at all levels tested; however, no favorable dose for deep anesthesia was found. Overall, Hogfish were anesthetized with Tricaine-S at similar doses used with other species and responded to AQUI-S 20E similarly in terms of efficacy but unfavorably in terms of behavior.
Monitoring and Managing Fishes that Are Invisible and Keep Moving Around: Influences of an Invasive Species and Environmental Factors on Capture Probability
Authors: Healy Brian D. , Moore Jennifer F. , Pine William E. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Understanding fish population status and trends are fundamental to effective research and management. Challenges in understanding population status include recognizing and accounting for sources of variation in capture probability (p^) that can obscure patterns in count data and bias inferences about the population. In systems where management actions such as invasive species removals are implemented based on population triggers, errors in abundance estimation can propagate to missed management opportunities simply due to variation in p^, rather than actual population status. We assessed the relative importance of individual heterogeneity (species and fish size), environmental (stream discharge, temperature) and spatial variation, and interspecific interactions (density) on electrofishing p^ for native (Speckled Dace Rhinichthys osculus, Bluehead Sucker Catostomus discobolus, Flannelmouth Sucker Catostomus latipinnis) and invasive (Brown Trout Salmo trutta, Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss) fishes. We fit closed-population depletion models with combinations of covariates using 6 years of data collected during invasive salmonid suppression efforts. We found that the relative importance of spatially and temporally varying environmental influences on p^ differed between native and introduced species. Temperature was important for explaining variability in p^ for two of three native species, and discharge had a significant influence on p^ for both Brown Trout and Rainbow Trout. We also found that p^ declined with increasing Brown Trout density, which would limit precision and potentially bias abundance, for two of the three native species. These results illustrate the potential importance of interspecific interactions in influencing p^ and understanding implications of management actions, such as invasive species suppression. Our results demonstrate the need for cautious interpretation of uncalibrated catch-per-unit-effort data for abundance-triggered management actions, including those designed to promote conservation of endangered or economically valuable species.