bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Nectogale (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla: Soricidae)
Authors: Fan Ronghui , Tang Keyi , Dou Liang , Fu Changkun , Faiz Abu ul Hassan , Wang Xuming , Wang Yufan , Chen Shunde , Liu Shaoying 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe elegant water shrew, Nectogale elegans, is one of the small mammal species most adapted to a semi‐aquatic lifestyle. The taxonomy of the genus Nectogale has received little attention due to difficulties in specimen collection. In this study, we sequenced one mitochondrial and eight nuclear genes to infer the phylogenetic relationship of Nectogale. Phylogenetic analyses revealed two large clades within Nectogale. One clade represented N. elegans, and the other was regarded as N. sikhimensis. The split between N. elegans and N. sikhimensis dated back to the early Pleistocene (2.15 million years ago [Ma]), which might be relevant to the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (QTP) uplift. The morphological comparison showed several distinguishing characters within Nectogale: the shape of the mastoids, the first lower unicuspid (a1), and the second upper molar (M2). Overall, the molecular and the morphological evidences supported that the genus Nectogale consists of two valid species: N. elegans and N. sikhimensis.
The inappropriate use of time‐to‐independence biases estimates of activity patterns of free‐ranging mammals derived from camera traps
Authors: Peral Christopher , Landman Marietjie , Kerley Graham I. H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMeasuring and comparing activity patterns provide key insights into the behavioral trade‐offs that result in animal activity and their extrinsic and intrinsic drivers. Camera traps are a recently emerged source of data for sampling animal activity used to estimate activity patterns. However, nearly 70% of studies using such data to estimate activity patterns apply a time‐to‐independence data filter to discard appreciable periods of sampling effort. This treatment of activity as a discrete event emerged from the use of camera trap data to estimate animal abundances, but does not reflect the continuous nature of behavior, and may bias resulting estimates of activity patterns. We used a large, freely available camera trap dataset to test the effects of time to independence on the estimated activity of eight medium‐ to large‐sized African mammals. We show that discarding data through the use of time‐to‐independence filters causes substantial losses in sample sizes and differences in the estimated activity of species. Activity patterns estimated for herbivore species were more affected by the application of time‐to‐independence data filters than carnivores, this extending to estimates of potential interactions (activity overlap) between herbivore species. We hypothesize that this pattern could reflect the typically more abundant, social, and patch‐specific foraging patterns of herbivores and suggest that this effect may bias estimates of predator–prey interactions. Activity estimates of rare species, with less data available, may be particularly vulnerable to loss of data through the application of time‐to‐independence data filters. We conclude that the application of time‐to‐independence data filters in camera trap‐based estimates of activity patterns is not valid and should not be used.
Method development for quantitative monitoring of monoclonal antibodies in upstream cell‐culture process samples with limited sample preparation – An evaluation of various capillary coatings
Authors: van der Burg Debbie , Wätzig Hermann , Sänger‐van de Griend Cari E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become an important class of biopharmaceuticals used for the treatment of various diseases. Their quantification during the manufacturing process is important. In this work, a capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method was developed for the monitoring of the mAb concentration during cell‐culture processes. CZE method development rules are outlined, particularly discussing various capillary coatings, such as a neutral covalent polyvinyl alcohol coating, a dynamic successive multiple ionic‐polymer coating, and dynamic coatings using background electrolyte additives such as triethanolamine (T‐EthA) and triethylamine. The dynamic T‐EthA coating resulted in most stable electro‐osmotic flows and most efficient peak shapes. The method is validated over the range 0.1–10 mg/ml, with a linear range of 0.08–1.3 mg/ml and an extended range of 1–10 mg/ml by diluting samples in the latter concentration range 10‐fold in water. The intraday precision and accuracy were 2%–12% and 88%–107%, respectively, and inter‐day precision and accuracy were 4%–9% and 93%–104%, respectively. The precision and accuracy of the lowest concentration level (0.08 mg/ml) were slightly worse and still well in scope for monitoring purposes. The presented method proved applicable for analysing in‐process cell‐culture samples from different cell‐culture processes and is possibly well suited as platform method.
Tongxinluo enhances the effect of atorvastatin on the treatment of atherosclerosis with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by maintaining the pulmonary microvascular barrier
Authors: Kuang Xiangnan , Wang Yafen , Liu Shiqiao , Chang Liping , Yin Yujie , Li Zhen , Liu Yi , Li Wenyan , Hou Yunlong , Wang Hongtao , Liang Junqing , Jia Zhenhua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAtherosclerosis (AS) is a common comorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and systemic inflammation is an important mechanism of COPD with AS. Tongxinluo (TXL) improves the function of vascular endothelial cells. We aimed to prove that impairment of pulmonary microvascular barrier function is involved in COPD‐mediated aggravation of AS and investigate whether TXL enhances the effect of Ato (atorvastatin) on COPD with AS by protecting pulmonary microvascular endothelial barrier function. In vivo, a COPD with atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E knockout (AS ApoE−/−) mouse model was established by cigarette smoke combined with a high‐fat diet. The animals were administered TXL, Ato, and TXL + Ato once a day for 20 weeks. Lung function, lung microvascular permeability, lung inflammation, systemic inflammation, serum lipid levels, atheromatous plaque formation, and endothelial damage biomarkers were measured. In vitro, human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) were pretreated with TXL and incubated with cigarette smoke extract to establish the model. The permeability of the endothelial monolayer, inflammatory cytokines, endothelial damage biomarkers, and tight junction (Tj) proteins were determined. Cigarette smoking significantly exacerbated the high‐fat diet‐induced pulmonary function decline, pulmonary microvascular endothelial barrier dysfunction, inflammation, and atherosclerotic plaques. These changes were reversed by TXL–Ato; the combination was more effective than Ato alone. Furthermore, TXL protected the HPMEC barrier and inhibited inflammation in HPMECs. COPD aggravates AS, possibly through the destruction of pulmonary microvascular barrier function; thus, lung inflammation triggers systemic inflammation. In treating COPD with AS, TXL enhances the antiatherosclerotic effect of Ato, protecting the pulmonary microvascular barrier.
Forage production and persistence characteristics of grazed native warm‐season grass mixtures with or without nitrogen fertilizer
Authors: Chappell Caroline Nicole , Marks Marty Landon , Mason Katie Michelle , da Silva Liliane Severino , Jacobs Joshua Luke , Mullenix Mary Kimberly , Dillard Sandra Leanne , Muntifering Russell Brian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundNative warm‐season grass (NWSG) mixtures may provide a low‐nitrogen (N)‐input summer perennial forage option to extensively managed forage–livestock systems.MethodsMixed pastures of big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium Michx.), and indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans L.) fertilized with 0 or 67 kg N ha−1 were continuously stocked with beef heifers and cows. Forage mass, nutritive value, and canopy heights were determined every 2 weeks during the grazing season. Stand persistence measures included the canopy cover and leaf area index (LAI) and plant crown density at spring emergence following 3 years of grazing management.ResultsForage mass, canopy height, and stocking densities were greater for N‐fertilized NWSG than unfertilized NWSG for the first 30 days of the growing season across the 3‐year study. Forage NWSG fertilized with N had a greater decrease in LAI during the growing season (51% decrease) than unfertilized NWSG. Spring NWSG plant density estimates following 3 years of grazing did not differ across N management strategies.ConclusionsForage NWSG mixtures supported superior forage attributes and greater stocking densities early in the grazing season under low‐level N than zero‐N‐input systems and may provide a low‐N‐input alternative for improved species use in southeastern US forage–livestock systems.
Thinking about Moral Progress
Authors: Jayaram Athmeya 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhich research topics should ethicists focus on? Recent arguments for “effective altruism” and “longtermism” suggest that ethicists should set all competing interests aside and pursue the area in which researchers can have the greatest impact: avoiding long‐run human extinction. This brief essay by a Hastings Center research scholar raises some concerns about shifting research priorities in this way and suggests that ethicists can make progress in both the short and long term by thinking about how society makes progress.
Burdening Others
Authors: Kious Brent 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMany people are afraid they will, as they age or fall ill, become burdens to others. Some who fear this say they would be willing to hasten their own deaths—engaging in self‐sacrifice through suicide, assisted suicide, or euthanasia—to avoid it. Still, some bioethicists and other critics of medical aid in dying reject the idea that fear of being a burden can be a good reason for self‐sacrifice. They argue that dependency is nearly universal, emphasize that caregiving is a valuable pursuit, and raise concerns about the impact of aid‐in‐dying policies on vulnerable groups. After defining what it is to be a burden, articulating why being a burden is morally significant, and, crucially, distinguishing burdensomeness from what I call “mere dependency,” I defend the intuition that self‐sacrifice can be justified by the desire to avoid being a burden and by the concern for the well‐being of one's caregivers that this choice implies.
Development and validation of a nomogram for the prediction of lymph node metastasis within 2‐year postoperatively in cT1‐T2N0 oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Cheng Aoming , Wang Zhen , Yuan Xiaohong , Liu Huan , Cao Wei , Wei Wei , Chang Shimin , Han Zhengxue , Guo Chuanbin , Feng Zhien 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe current neck management for early oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has always been a controversial issue. A comprehensive model is necessary for predicting an individual's metastasis risk and appropriate patient counseling.MethodsA nomogram for predicting 2‐year LNM in patients with cT1‐2N0 OSCC was developed and validated using clinicopathological data from 642 patients from 2000 to 2018 in four hospitals, China.ResultsThree variables (pathology grade, depth of invasion, tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes) were included in nomogram. C‐indices were 0.826 (95% CI: 0.786–0.866) and 0.726 (95% CI: 0.653–0.780) in the internal and external validation. Kaplan–Meier method found the 2‐year LNM rate of high‐risk group (35.8%) was much higher than that of the low‐risk group (14.5%). The nomogram model has an advantage over the 8th AJCC TNM stage in predicting the individual 2‐year LNM probability for early OSCC.ConclusionPatients with low‐risk nomogram score may receive neck observation; those with high‐risk score should receive END.
Hydrological control of the chemical characteristics of suspended particulate phosphorus in the Yasu River watershed, Japan: Implications for its source and bioavailability
Authors: Osaka Ken'ichi , Chishiro Shinsho , Matsumoto Yoshiumi , Iwata Tomoya , Okuda Noboru 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSeveral studies have demonstrated the importance of the bioavailability of particulate phosphorus (PP) exported from various watersheds, especially agricultural land. However, few studies have documented the influence of hydrological conditions on the sources and bioavailability of PP exported from watersheds with multiple land uses. In this study, to assess the sources and bioavailability of PP under different hydrological conditions, we conducted synoptic monitoring of compositional changes in the chemical fractions of PP exported from the Yasu River Watershed, which is covered with a mixture of forest (57.7%) and rice paddy (20.5%) areas. In this river, total phosphorus was composed mainly of PP at all monitoring sites and time points. The sequential extraction of PP revealed that a fraction bound to redox‐sensitive iron and manganese, regarded as bioavailable, was specific to the drainage waters of rice paddies, while a fraction bound to organic matter, regarded as less bioavailable, was specific to a forested stream. In the downstream of the Yasu River covering the whole watershed, PP exported under the base flow and small rainfall conditions was composed mainly of the rice paddy‐derived fraction, while most of the PP exported under heavy rainfall conditions was the forest‐derived fraction. These results suggest that the sources and bioavailability of PP can vary dynamically, depending on the hydrological regimes and land use pattern in the watershed. Even taking into account the fact that the large amount of PP exported during heavy rainfall is considered to be forest‐derived PP with low bioavailability, the monitoring results suggested that the annual amount of bioavailable PP exported is larger than that of dissolved phosphorus, and can have a large impact on phosphorus recycling in the downstream lake ecosystem through sedimentation and regeneration.
Detecting and explaining long‐term changes in river water quality in south‐eastern Australia
Authors: He Ziming , Yao Jiayu , Lu Yancen , Guo Danlu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the temporal changes in river water quality is important for catchment water quality management. This study aims to detect and attribute long‐term trends and abrupt changes in river water quality. We used 26 years of water quality data (1994–2020) collected from 102 river monitoring sites across Victoria, south‐eastern Australia. We analysed six water quality constituents that are of key concerns for Australian catchment management, namely: electrical conductivity (EC), total suspended solids, nitrate‐nitrite, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorous and filtered reactive phosphorus. To detect trends and abrupt changes in water quality at each site, a Bayesian ensemble modelling approach was applied, namely, the Bayesian estimator of abrupt change, seasonal change, and trend (BEAST). To explain water quality trends, we then built multivariate regressions to link water quality with streamflow and seasonality, and then compared alternative model structures with and without a change in the regression relationships informed by the changes detected by BEAST. Among the six constituents studied, EC shows the most distinct systematic trends, with 21 sites having a significant increase followed by a non‐significant trend; within the 21 sites, 14 had a significant change point in EC around Year 2010. The regression analyses between water quality and streamflow suggested that the observed systematic change in EC could be largely related to reduced streamflow during the Millennium drought, which greatly impacted the climate and hydrology of south‐eastern Australia over the first decade of 2000. The results of this study can help inform the design of effective mitigation strategies and avoid further degradation of water quality across Victoria. Besides, our trend analysis and attribution approaches are applicable to water quality time series in other regions for robust trend analysis and change point detection.
Predictors of preschool language environments and their relations to children's vocabulary
Authors: Duncan Robert J. , Anderson Kirsten L. , King Yemimah A. , Finders Jennifer K. , Schmitt Sara A. , Purpura David J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite support for the importance of early language environments, little is known about the naturally occurring experiences children have in preschool settings. The current study sample included 91 children (Mage = 4.72 years; 56% male; 67% White) from 23 preschool classrooms and nearly 1500 h of language environment data from three waves throughout the preschool year. Of the sociodemographic characteristics, family income is most closely related to children's preschool language environments. A standard deviation increase in family income was related to children hearing approximately one million more adult words in their preschool classroom. However, conversational turns were the more robust predictor of vocabulary skills with effect sizes around 0.20, depending on model specification. Theoretical and policy implications of these findings are discussed.
Development of a critical care pharmacist career coaching and professional development program at an academic medical center
Authors: Gerlach Anthony T. , Elefritz Jessica L. , Arnold Joshua , Phelps Megan , Smetana Keaton S. , Murphy Claire V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractContinuing professional development is a lifelong process that is multifaceted, holistic, self‐directed, and is not a replacement for continuing education. Through ongoing professional development, pharmacists can improve their skill set in a broad range of clinical, educational, research, and administrative activities. Not only does development of this growth benefit the individual pharmacist, but also the institution and pharmacy profession. In 2020, the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, the Society of Critical Care Medicine, and the American Society of Health‐System Pharmacists published an updated position paper on critical care pharmacy services. A new recommendation in the update was to create mechanisms for critical care pharmacists to develop their career and professional development. Herein, we describe our experience with the development and implementation of a critical care pharmacy career professional development program using peer‐to‐peer coaching within a large academic medical center. Professional development is not a one size fits all and should be individualized. We initially focused on developing research skills based on initial surveys. Afterwards professional development was varied we created new resources such as journal referee “how‐to” and teaching in a flipped classroom.
Bone Mass, Density, Geometry, and Stress–Strain Index in Adults With Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type I and Their Associations With Physical Activity and Muscle Function Parameters
Authors: Coussens Marie , Lapauw Bruno , Verroken Charlotte , Goemaere Stefan , De Wandele Inge , Malfait Fransiska , Banica Thiberiu , Calders Patrick 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous heritable connective tissue disorder mainly characterized by bone fragility and increased fracture risk. This study investigated bone parameters in adults with OI type I and their relationship with physical activity and muscle function parameters in comparison with controls. A total of 27 (15 women, 12 men) adults with OI type I and 27 healthy age- and sex-matched controls, with mean age 45 years (range 18–72 years), were included. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography was performed at the lower leg and forearm to assess muscle density, muscle and fat cross-sectional area (CSA) (66% site), and trabecular (4% site) and cortical bone parameters (66% site) at radius and tibia. Physical activity (step count and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [MVPA]) was assessed by accelerometry, muscle function parameters by Leonardo mechanography (single two-legged jump – peak power), and hand grip dynamometry (maximal hand grip strength). Overall, the OI type I group had significantly lower muscle CSA at the lower leg and forearm, lower trabecular and cortical bone mineral content, lower polar stress–strain index (SSIp), and smaller cortices but higher cortical bone mineral density and lower step count and MVPA in comparison with controls. Maximal hand grip strength was positively associated with SSIp at radius (p = 0.012) in the control group but not in the OI type I group (p = 0.338) (difference in associations: p = 0.012). No other significantly different associations between bone and muscle function parameters or physical activity (step count or MVPA) were found in the OI type I versus control group. We conclude that adults with OI type I have smaller bones, lower trabecular bone mass, lower estimates of bone strength, and higher cortical density in comparison with controls and that there are some indications of a disturbed biomechanical muscle–bone relationship in adults with OI type I. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Toward a community psychology transformative praxis: A descriptive review
Authors: Kivell Natalie , Sharma Rajni , Ranco Sarah , Singh Amandeep K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we present a descriptive review of the foundational components of transformation—the starting places and gaps—in a move toward synthesizing current works into a Community Psychology Transformative Praxis. This review focuses on published work identified in North American Community Psychology journals (namely two United States based journals)—a review from the belly of the neoliberal and imperial beast. We reviewed and categorized seven foundational dimensions for beginning and sustaining transformative praxis and which represent how Community Psychology (CP), in the United States publishing context, is engaging in transformative efforts. In Part 1, we present three dimensions of transformative process, focused on early and iterative practices that develop and enact shared (1) values, (2) visions of a just world, and (3) critical problem frames. In part 2 we present four additional dimensions of transformative action; the considerations that inform action in a given transformative process or intervention including (4) planning for the long‐term nature of transformation, (5) targeting multiple levels of analysis, (6) engaging in solidarity with those most impacted by injustice, and (7) identifying and resisting power holders and/or power structures that prevent transformation and maintain the status quo. In Part 3, we review the relationship between process and action, where processes can be understood as driving, directing, and bounding the types of actions or interventions taken or imagined in a particular transformative intervention. We close the paper with critical reflections and calls to action to further develop the transformative potential of CP praxis and name the tendency of settling for ameliorative solutions to problems needing transformative solutions.