bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on mechanical maintenance method of ballasted track of high-speed railway based on nonlinear discrete element theory
Authors: Chen Lina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
To study the electrical performance of high-speed railway ballasted work and the long running and rotating characteristics of the bed, different design methods are adopted. The longitudinal and transverse resistance of the bed increases with the increase in the ballast grading width. When ballast particle gradation is the lowest interpolation between envelope line and envelope line boundary, the longitudinal and transverse resistance of the bed work according to special requirements. With the increase in the shoulder width, the transverse resistance of running bed increases, while the longitudinal resistance remains constant. When the shoulder width is more than 400 mm, the longitudinal and transverse resistance of the bed works according to the required specifications. Maintenance costs for the various ballasts running on high-speed trains are not cheap. The test results show that the workability can be reduced, and improved by using complete asphalt or stone instead of tussah. Daily cleaning work only accounts for about 10% of the tussah, especially emergency work and special riders should not spend time working. The rubber cushion in sleeper and asphalt concrete cushion in ballast have their advantages and disadvantages in improving the strength of bed. In fact, it should be stipulated in the case file.
Characterization, biocompatibility and in vivo of nominal MnO2-containing wollastonite glass-ceramic
Authors: Eldera Samah S. , Alsenany Nourah , Aldawsari Sarah , El-Bassyouni Gehan T. , Hamzawy Esmat M. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The present work pointed out the effect of adding different concentrations of MnO2 (0.25, 0.50, 1.00 and 2.00 wt%) on the structure and crystallization performance of wollastonite glass. Nominal MnO2-containing wollastonite glass was prepared with the addition of 10% Na2O to decrease the melting temperature through melt quenching technique. The thermal history of glasses indicated that the crystallization temperature was between 864 and 895°C. The heat treating of glasses at ∼900 and 1,100°C gave combeite (Na4Ca4Si6O18), rankinite (Ca3Si2O7), pseudowollastonite (Ca3Si3O9), bustamite (CaMnSi2O6) and cristobalite. The later sample densities increased with the incorporation of MnO2 from 1.88 to 2.24 g/cm3 concomitant with decrease of porosities from 32.59 to 20.83%. The microstructure showed nano-size crystals in rounded, angular or irregular micro-size clusters, whereas after soaking in simulated body fluid for 1 month showed submicron crystals of carbonated calcium phosphate phase. Both fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray delineated the samples’ biocompatibility. Also, the negative zeta potential results enabled bone cell activity. Moreover, the bone healing with complete mineralization was remarked in case of the in vivo implantation of the G0.50 group. These results can be of a great significance in the application of MnO2-containing combeite, rankinite phases for bone treatment and biomedical applications.
Formulaic language in L1 and advanced L2 English speech: multiword structures in the speech of two Swedish groups compared to a group of L1 English speakers
Authors: Erman Britt , Lewis Margareta 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the use of formulaic language, here called multiword structures, in advanced L2 English speech of two Swedish groups with a group of first language (L1) speakers of English. One Swedish group was resident in London and one in Stockholm, thus implying different degrees of exposure to English. Three categories, notably multiword phrases, multiword utterances and metalinguistic multiword structures, were investigated by comparing quantity and distribution. The groups completed two oral tasks, a role play and a retelling task. The results of the Swedish group resident in London were similar to the L1 English group on all measurements of multiword structures in the role play. In the retelling task multiword phrases were significantly fewer in both second language (L2) groups compared to the L1 English group, although there were L2 individuals within the L1 speaker range. Another question concerned the extent to which the three groups used multiword structures which were equivalents, i.e. transferable between English and Swedish. In the retelling task both Swedish groups produced significantly more equivalents than the L1 speakers. The implications of these findings are discussed.
State-owned success in the air
Authors: Huber Marie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
African Airlines are not commonly associated with success, rather they recall instances of bad management, security concerns, and outdated machinery. This paper focuses on the success of two airlines during the first two postcolonial decades in Africa. During this time, the new national airlines of African states were important symbols of sovereignty, as well as providing crucial mobility for politicians and experts of all kinds. Addressing a gap in the literature on aviation in Africa on the one hand, and the research on state-owned enterprises on the other, the paper takes a closer look at expectation formation and management decisions regarding fleet modernisation and maintenance, as well as Africanisation politics in both enterprises. Contrary to blanket statements that refer to ideological goals as a reason for the failure of African state-owned enterprise, the political goal of independence made Africanisation of staff and the acquisition of company-owned equipment and facilities a priority. Using archival sources, company publications, and observations of contemporaries, it can be shown that through taking advantage of entangled interests of governments and the aviation industry, the two African airlines managed to break into the global air transport market at the beginning of the 1960s and stayed competitive for many years.
Application of 3D Printing Technology to Produce Hippocampal Customized Guide Cannulas
Authors: Tropea Maria Rosaria , Torrisi Alberto , Vacanti Valeria , Pizzone Danilo , Puzzo Daniela , Gulisano Walter 
Published: September 2022

AbstractImplantation of guide cannulas is a widely used technique to access specific brain areas. Although commercially available, the need to personalize these implants and the high cost prompted us to design open-source customized devices taking advantage of 3D printing technology. Our cannulas consisted in a 3D-printed head mount designed according to the Paxinos coordinates to reach the CA1 area of the hippocampus. To cut guide cannulas to the proper length, we designed and realized an original 3D-printed linear motion apparatus. Polylactic acid thermoplastic polymer was used as printing material. Homemade or commercial cannulas were implanted in 4- to 6-month-old wild-type mice and intrahippocampal injections of amyloid-β peptide at different concentrations were performed.In vivobehavioral studies of novel object recognition indicated that results obtained with homemade versus commercial devices were comparable. Methylene blue injections and Nissl staining confirmed the correct localization of cannulas in the CA1 area of mouse hippocampus. Our method allows a fast manufacturing of hippocampal cannulas preserving the required precision at very low cost. Furthermore, this system can be easily modified to produce cannulas to target other brain areas. In conclusion, 3D printing might be used as a useful and versatile technology to realize open-source customized devices in neuroscience laboratories.
Organization of Cortical and Thalamic Input to Inhibitory Neurons in Mouse Motor Cortex
Authors: Okoro Sandra U. , Goz Roman U. , Njeri Brigdet W. , Harish Madhumita , Ruff Catherine F. , Ross Sarah E. , Gerfen Charles , Hooks Bryan M. 
Published: September 2022

Intracortical inhibition in motor cortex (M1) regulates movement and motor learning. If cortical and thalamic inputs target different inhibitory cell types in different layers, then these afferents may play different roles in regulating M1 output. Using mice of both sexes, we quantified input to two main classes of M1 interneurons, parvalbumin+ (PV+) cells and somatostatin+ (SOM+) cells, using monosynaptic rabies tracing. We then compared anatomic and functional connectivity based on synaptic strength from sensory cortex and thalamus. Functionally, each input innervated M1 interneurons with a unique laminar profile. Different interneuron types were excited in a distinct, complementary manner, suggesting feedforward inhibition proceeds selectively via distinct circuits. Specifically, somatosensory cortex (S1) inputs primarily targeted PV+ neurons in upper layers (L2/3) but SOM+ neurons in middle layers (L5). Somatosensory thalamus [posterior nucleus (PO)] inputs targeted PV+ neurons in middle layers (L5). In contrast to sensory cortical areas, thalamic input to SOM+ neurons was equivalent to that of PV+ neurons. Thus, long-range excitatory inputs target inhibitory neurons in an area and a cell type-specific manner, which contrasts with input to neighboring pyramidal cells. In contrast to feedforward inhibition providing generic inhibitory tone in cortex, circuits are selectively organized to recruit inhibition matched to incoming excitatory circuits.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTM1 integrates sensory information and frontal cortical inputs to plan and control movements. Although inputs to excitatory cells are described, the synaptic circuits by which these inputs drive specific types of M1 interneurons are unknown. Anatomical results with rabies tracing and physiological quantification of synaptic strength shows that two main classes of inhibitory cells (PV+ and SOM+ interneurons) both receive substantial cortical and thalamic input, in contrast to interneurons in sensory areas (where thalamic input strongly prefers PV+ interneurons). Further, each input studied targets PV+ and SOM+ interneurons in a different fashion, suggesting that separate, specific circuits exist for recruitment of feedforward inhibition.
Change in the pituitary stalk deviation angle after transsphenoidal surgery can predict the development of diabetes insipidus for pituitary adenomas
Authors: Xue Liang , Wu Jianwu , Chen Jie , Yang Yongkai 
Published: September 2022

Purpose
We aimed to assess the factors influencing the development of diabetes insipidus after transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of patients with pituitary adenomas who underwent transsphenoidal surgery. The predictors of postoperative diabetes insipidus were determined using statistical analysis.

Results
Of the 415 patients who underwent microscopic transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas, 196 experienced postoperative diabetes insipidus. The sinking depth of the diaphragma sellae and the difference between the preoperative and postoperative pituitary stalk deviation angles in the diabetes insipidus group were greater than those in the non-diabetes insipidus group. Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of diabetes insipidus after transsphenoidal surgery was higher in patients with a larger difference in their pituitary stalk deviation angles (odds ratio = 2.407, 95% CI = 1.335–4.342; P = 0.004).

Conclusion
The difference in the pituitary stalk deviation angle could predict the onset of diabetes insipidus after transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas.
Community Interventions for Childhood Asthma ED Visits and Hospitalizations: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gill India , Shah Aashna , Lee Eun Kyung , Sommer Rachael , Ross Kristie , Bole Aparna , Freedman Darcy 
Published: September 2022

A systematic review of interventions in community environments found significant reductions in childhood asthma exacerbations leading to emergency department visits and hospitalizations.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Structural and social determinants of childhood asthma inequities manifest within geographic communities that are often segregated. Childhood asthma disproportionately affects Black, Hispanic, and low-income populations. Community interventions have the potential to improve inequities in emergency healthcare. This systematic review was conducted to assess the effectiveness of childhood asthma community interventions and provide a conceptual model to inform implementation of future community interventions.

METHODS
Publications from PubMed, ScienceDirect, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and hand searched references were examined from 2010 to 2021. Community intervention studies among children with asthma were included. Main outcomes were emergency department visits and hospitalizations. Community interventions exclusively focusing on schools or hospitals were excluded. Two reviewers independently assessed eligibility for final inclusion. Emergency healthcare findings were extracted in addition to co-benefits (eg, fewer missed school days and caregiver workdays).

RESULTS
Out of 1856 records, 26 publications met the inclusion criteria. Community interventions were categorized by care coordination (n = 8), policy and environmental changes (eg, smoke-free legislature, traffic reduction models, and green housing) (n = 8), home-based (n = 6), and community-based health services (n = 4). Selected studies indicated that community interventions significantly reduced childhood asthma emergency department visits and hospitalizations through increased caregiver self-efficacy, home environmental trigger reduction, and increased access to healthcare. Because of heterogeneity among studies, we were unable to conduct a meta-analysis.

CONCLUSIONS
Findings show significant associations between community interventions and the reduction of emergency healthcare, suggesting a protective effect for severe cases of childhood asthma.
Applications of automated Petrel workflows in 3D reservoir geologic modelling – A case study
Authors: Nemes István 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMature fields have been playing a significant role in the oil and gas realm recently, and redevelopment and optimization efforts are being made globally to prolong the lifetime of these resources. The aim of this study is to showcase the benefits of hydrocarbon reservoir modelling, with a special focus on various aspects of Petrel workflows.This article is a direct continuation of Nemes et al. (2021), which described the Phase 1 geomodel of the same field described in this study. The Phase 2 geomodel – the scope of the current article – is based on a significantly more complete, more detailed, and fundamentally rebuilt dataset compared to Phase 1. The seismic and petrophysical interpretations were updated, and additional data sources were incorporated into the analysis.The geomodel was created in Schlumberger's Petrel software, and during the building of it, a comprehensive 800-plus-step, full-cycle, automated workflow was outlined. The created workflow makes the model update faster by a minimum of five times, makes it more transparent and decreases the risk of human error.The created workflow describes the entire geomodelling process from data loading, via surface adjustments, structural modelling, and property modelling, to a closing of the loop with volumetric calculation. The whole workflow can be rerun easily, and beside the updates made to the geomodel, a full range of quality-check supporting calculations and visualizations were created in order to provide the user with full control.The geomodel showcased here is a key building block of the ongoing and planned development and redevelopment activities in the field, serves as a tool for well and workover planning, water injection system adjustments and a direct input to dynamic simulation, and also provides direct inputs to the documentation of an updated field development plan.
Between listening and sounding: Exploring the limits of augmented instruments
Authors: Gardner Thomas 
Published: September 2022

This paper explores some of the changed relationships between body and environment that occur when instruments are augmented by electronic or digital circuits. Taking Gregory Bateson’s theorisation of the schizophrenic body (1973) as its starting point, the paper explores situations in which the relationship between the performer, body, and instrument takes on increasingly separate communicational modes, in which the body and its meanings come to resemble the ‘unlabelled metaphor’ of the schizophrenic. A series of instrument/personas are brought before us, representing both the ‘norm’ of acoustic instrumental performances and the extreme limits of instrumental identity, offering critical insight into the space that augmented instruments occupy and transform. In considering some of these changes, and in reaching towards their extremities, attention is paid to the friction or awkwardness that accompanies the metamorphosis. In the same way that the ability of a language to ‘point’ is fraught with inconsistencies and potentials for misunderstanding, so the transformation in instrumental identities does not happen in a smooth and transparent way. However, the changes do create the potential for new sensibilities and forms of critical and ethical awareness.
The extended piano(s), the extended body(ies)
Authors: Alonso Bécares Hara 
Published: September 2022

The extended piano(s), the extended body(ies) is an ongoing research project on the piano as an extended instrument started in 2014 by the pianist and composer Hara Alonso. Over the years, it has been developed in different directions and forms ranging from composition, improvisation and installation. The research questions are: How can we rethink the piano beyond its history and technology? How can we expand it by incorporating embodied composition methods? This research intends to develop tools to augment the piano qualities in terms of sound (timbre) and the performative-conceptual elements through improvisation, composition, electroacoustic elements, and performance. These enhanced elements have changed and opened up a wide range of possibilities to interact with the piano, both sonically and physically, widening the piano practices. The pianist’s body has a fundamental value in the research as the initiator of the sound, gesture, and intention, becoming the point of departure in this research. The investigation intertwines two axes: 1) The piano as a sound generator and its expansion through digital means, and 2) The pianist’s body is the primary instrument.
This article covers the research period from 2014 to 2021, in which Hara Alonso developed numerous works for extended piano that have been displayed in several public performances.
Clinical features and outcomes of fusion gene defined adult Ph-negative B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients: a single institutional report
Authors: Sun Kai , Wang Jun , Chen Wen-Min , Xu Nan , Long Ling-Yu , Wang Xu , Jiang Hao , Jiang Qian , Huang Xiao-Jun , Qin Ya-Zhen 
Published: September 2022

More clinical studies are needed to clarify the risk stratification by the integration of all fusion genes in adult B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL). A total of 320 consecutive adult Ph-negative BCP-ALL patients who had been tested classical fusions (KMT2A rearrangement and TCF3-PBX1) at diagnosis were further retrospectively screened novel fusion genes (Ph-like, ZNF384 and MEF2D fusions) by multiplex real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR). Classical fusions were identified in 12.5% of patients, while 4.4%, 17.2% and 3.8% of patients were identified Ph-like, ZNF384 and MEF2D fusions, respectively. 1-course CR rate, relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) rates tended to show or showed statistically significant differences among fusion-defined subgroups (P = 0.084, 0.001 and 0.0093, respectively). Based on individual outcomes, patients with KMT2A rearrangement, TCF3-PBX1, Ph-like, and MEF2D fusions were classified into fusion-defined high-risk group (n = 66, 20.6%). High-risk group had significantly lower 3-year RFS and 3-year OS rates than standard-risk group (P 0.001 and = 0.0022), and was an independent adverse prognostic factor for RFS in the entire cohort (P 0.001). In conclusion, the spectrum of fusion genes in the current Chinese cohort was distinct from that in reports from western countries. Detection of fusion genes improved risk stratification in adult Ph-negative BCP-ALL patients.
Anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of naringin on bacterial endotoxin-induced small intestine damage in rats
Authors: AKİN Ali Tuğrul , EL BECHİR Mohamed Lemine , KAYMAK Emin , CEYLAN Tayfun , SAYAN Meryem , DEĞER Necla , KARABULUT Derya , TOLUK Ayşe 
Published: September 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of naringin (NRG), which has many biological properties, on bacterial endotoxin-induced small intestine damage in rats.
Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 40 female Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups as Control (group given no treatment), LPS (group given 10 mg/kg/i.p lipopolysaccharide), NRG (group given 100 mg/kg/i.p naringin for 14 days) and LPS + NRG (group given 100 mg/kg/i.p naringin for 14 days before 10 mg/kg/i.p lipopolysaccharide injection). After experimental procedure, small intestine tissues of animals were extracted and prepared according to tissue processing protocol. Hematoxylin and Eosin staining were performed to evaluate the histopathological changes and histological damage scoring was applied to compare experimental groups in terms of histopathological changes. Moreover, TNF- and Caspase-3 expression levels were detected by immunohistochemical staining and the density of immunoreactivity were scored to determine the difference in the expression levels of TNF- and Caspase-3 expressions among groups.
Results: Epithelial and Brunner’s gland damage, mononuclear cell infiltration, hemorrhage, and TNF- and Caspase-3 expressions significantly increased in the LPS group. However, NRG administrations exerted a strong protective effect on the small intestine tissues in terms of these parameters in LPS+NRG group.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that 100 mg/kg NRG injection can be regarded as a protective agent against negative effects of endotoxin-induced infection on the intestinal mucosa and that it should not be disregarded in further clinical trials.
Ovaryum yüzey epiteli primordial folikül ve primer folikül öncüsü yapılara farklılaşıyor mu?
Authors: ÜNAL Murat Serkant , SEÇME Mücahit 
Published: September 2022

Amaç: Ovaryum yüzey epiteli hücrelerinin farklılaşma kapasitelerini hem hücre kültürü şartlarında hem de ovaryum doku kesitlerinde araştırmaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: İki tane puberte öncesi dönemdeki (4 haftalık) dişi sıçanların ovaryumları küçük parçalara ayrılarak eksplant hücre kültürü oluşturuldu. Miks hücre kültüründe overyan stromal hücrelerle birlikte çoğalan ovaryum yüzey epiteli izole edilerek çoğaltıldı. Bununla birlikte ovaryum dokusunun histolojik kesitlerinde ovaryum yüzey epiteli incelenerek mikroskop altında görüntüleri alındı.
Bulgular: Ovaryum yüzey epitelinin morfolojik görünümünün parke taşı (cobblestone) şeklinde olduğu görüldü. Faz kontrast mikroskobisi altında yapılan sayımda kültür kaplarında sırasıyla 2x106 ve 3x106 hücrenin ürediği izlendi. Petri kaplarının bazı alanlarında primordial folikül benzeri yapıların oluştuğu görüldü. Histolojik kesitlerde ise bazal membranın üzerinde primordial ve primer folikül öncüsü yapıların olduğu gözlemlendi.
Sonuç: Hem hücre kültürlerinde, hem de histolojik kesitlerde oosit belirteçlerini (Gdf-9, C-Mos, Zpc, Stella) ve germ hücre belirteçlerini (Dazl,Vasa,Blimp1,Fragilis) göstermek bu hücrelerin farklılaşma kapasitelerini izlememiz açısından bizlere değerli bilgiler verebilir.