bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Joint‐label fusion brain atlases for dementia research in Down syndrome
Authors: Queder Nazek , Phelan Michael J. , Taylor Lisa , Tustison Nicholas , Doran Eric , Hom Christy , Nguyen Dana , Lai Florence , Pulsifer Margaret , Price Julie , Kreisl William C. , Rosas Herminia D. , Krinsky‐McHale Sharon , Brickman Adam M. , Yassa Michael A. , Schupf Nicole , Silverman Wayne , Lott Ira T. , Head Elizabeth , Mapstone Mark , Keator David B. ,   for the Alzheimer's Biomarkers Consortium
Published: May 2022

AbstractResearch suggests a link between Alzheimer's Disease in Down Syndrome (DS) and the overproduction of amyloid plaques. Using Positron Emission Tomography (PET) we can assess the in‐vivo regional amyloid load using several available ligands. To measure amyloid distributions in specific brain regions, a brain atlas is used. A popular method of creating a brain atlas is to segment a participant's structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan. Acquiring an MRI is often challenging in intellectually‐imparied populations because of contraindications or data exclusion due to significant motion artifacts or incomplete sequences related to general discomfort. When an MRI cannot be acquired, it is typically replaced with a standardized brain atlas derived from neurotypical populations (i.e. healthy individuals without DS) which may be inappropriate for use in DS. In this project, we create a series of disease and diagnosis‐specific (cognitively stable (CS‐DS), mild cognitive impairment (MCI‐DS), and dementia (DEM‐DS)) probabilistic group atlases of participants with DS and evaluate their accuracy of quantifying regional amyloid load compared to the individually‐based MRI segmentations. Further, we compare the diagnostic‐specific atlases with a probabilistic atlas constructed from similar‐aged cognitively‐stable neurotypical participants. We hypothesized that regional PET signals will best match the individually‐based MRI segmentations by using DS group atlases that aligns with a participant's disorder and disease status (e.g. DS and MCI‐DS). Our results vary by brain region but generally show that using a disorder‐specific atlas in DS better matches the individually‐based MRI segmentations than using an atlas constructed from cognitively‐stable neurotypical participants. We found no additional benefit of using diagnose‐specific atlases matching disease status. All atlases are made publicly available for the research community.Highlight
Down syndrome (DS) joint‐label‐fusion atlases provide accurate positron emission tomography (PET) amyloid measurements.
A disorder‐specific DS atlas is better than a neurotypical atlas for PET quantification.
It is not necessary to use a disease‐state–specific atlas for quantification in aged DS.
Dorsal striatum results vary, possibly due to this region and dementia progression.
Biogeography pattern of the marine angiosperm Cymodocea nodosa in the eastern Mediterranean Sea related to the quaternary climatic changes
Authors: Konstantinidis Ioannis , Gkafas Georgios A. , Papathanasiou Vasillis , Orfanidis Sotiris , Küpper Frithjof C. , Arnaud‐Haond Sophie , Exadactylos Athanasios 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe investigated the population dynamics of a highly clonal marine angiosperm, Cymodocea nodosa, in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, to identify the historical dynamics, demography, and connectivity of the species in the area. Eighteen microsatellite loci were used in conjunction with coalescent methods to investigate the genetic structure and demographic history of C. nodosa meadows. Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) modeling was used to examine the pattern of divergence over time in the context of environmental change over the course of the Quaternary period. ABC analysis revealed an initial split of the C. nodosa populations between the north‐western, northern, and north‐eastern Aegean Sea during the Pleistocene epoch, followed by a more recent divergence of the north‐western population and the central‐western part of the Aegean Sea. According to the results, the most parsimonious historical scenario is that of a pervasive genetic signature of the effects of the drop in sea level during the Pleistocene epoch. This scenario supports the isolation of the north‐western, north, and north‐eastern area, and the subsequent recolonization after post‐glaciation sea level rise that may explain the north‐western differentiation as well present‐day detected dispersion of C. nodosa.
Isotopic niche overlap between sympatric Australian snubfin and humpback dolphins
Authors: Parra Guido J. , Wojtkowiak Zachary , Peters Katharina J. , Cagnazzi Daniele 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEcological niche theory predicts the coexistence of closely related species is promoted by resource partitioning in space and time. Australian snubfin (Orcaella heinsohni) and humpback (Sousa sahulensis) dolphins live in sympatry throughout most of their range in northern Australian waters. We compared stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) in their skin to investigate resource partitioning between these ecologically similar species. Skin samples were collected from live Australian snubfin (n = 31) and humpback dolphins (n = 23) along the east coast of Queensland in 2014–2015. Both species had similar δ13C and δ15N values and high (>50%) isotopic niche space overlap, suggesting that they feed at similar trophic levels, have substantial dietary overlap, and rely on similar basal food resources. Despite similarities, snubfin dolphins were more likely to have a larger δ15N value than humpback dolphins, indicating they may forage on a wider diversity of prey. Humpback dolphins were more likely to have a larger δ13C range suggesting they may forage on a wider range of habitats. Overall, results suggest that subtle differences in habitat use and prey selection are likely the principal resource partitioning mechanisms enabling the coexistence of Australian snubfin and humpback dolphins.
Mitogenomes provide new insights of evolutionary history of Boreheptagyiini and Diamesini (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae)
Authors: Lin Xiao‐Long , Liu Zheng , Yan Li‐Ping , Duan Xin , Bu Wen‐Jun , Wang Xin‐Hua , Zheng Chen‐Guang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMitogenomes have been widely used for phylogenetic reconstruction of various Dipteran groups, but specifically for chironomid, they have not been carried out to resolve the relationships. Diamesinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) are important bioindicators for freshwater ecosystem monitoring, but its evolutionary history remains uncertain for lack of information. Here, coupled with one previously published and 30 new mitogenomes of Diamesinae, we carried out comparative mitogenomic analysis and phylogenetic analysis. Mitogenomes of Diamesinae were conserved in structure, and all genes arranged in the same order as the ancestral insect mitogenome. All protein‐coding genes in Diamesinae were under stronger purifying selection than those of other nonbiting midge species, which may exhibit signs of adaptation to life at cold living conditions. Phylogenetic analyses strongly supported the monophyly of Diamesinae, with Boreheptagyiini deeply nested within Diamesini. In addition, phylogenetic relationship of selected six genera was resolved, except Sympotthastia remained unstable. Our study revealed that the mitogenomes of Diamesinae are highly conserved, and they are practically useful for phylogenetic inference.
Time dynamics of stress legacy in clonal transgenerational effects: A case study on Trifolium repens
Authors: Quan Jiaxin , Münzbergová Zuzana , Latzel Vít 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStress can be remembered by plants in a form of stress legacy that can alter future phenotypes of previously stressed plants and even phenotypes of their offspring. DNA methylation belongs among the mechanisms mediating the stress legacy. It is however not known for how long the stress legacy is carried by plants. If the legacy is long‐lasting, it can become maladaptive in situations when parental–offspring environment do not match. We investigated for how long after the last exposure of a parental plant to drought can the phenotype of its clonal offspring be altered. We grew parental plants of three genotypes of Trifolium repens for five months either in control conditions or in control conditions that were interrupted with intense drought periods applied for two months in four different time slots. We also treated half of the parental plants with a demethylating agent (5‐azacytidine, 5‐azaC) to test for the potential role of DNA methylation in the stress memory. Then, we transplanted parental cuttings (ramets) individually to control environment and allowed them to produce offspring ramets for two months. The drought stress experienced by parents affected phenotypes of offspring ramets. The stress legacy resulted in enhanced number of offspring ramets originating from plants that experienced drought stress even 56 days before their transplantation to the control environment. 5‐azaC altered transgenerational effects on offspring ramets. We confirmed that drought stress can trigger transgenerational effects in T. repens that is very likely mediated by DNA methylation. Most importantly, the stress legacy in parental plants persisted for at least 8 weeks suggesting that the stress legacy can persist in a clonal plant Trifolium repens for relatively long period. We suggest that the stress legacy should be considered in future ecological studies on clonal plants.
Shorebird food energy shortfalls and the effectiveness of habitat incentive programs in record wet, dry, and warm years
Authors: Golet Gregory H. , Dybala Kristen E. , Reiter Matthew E. , Sesser Kristin A. , Reynolds Mark , Kelsey Rodd 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPrograms that incentivize private landowners to create habitats that offset losses due to conversion and climate change are increasingly being used to bolster sensitive wildlife populations. In the Central Valley of California, shorebird habitat incentive programs pay landowners to create additional habitat during the non‐breeding season by flooding their fields. However, it remains unclear how successful these programs have been in supporting baseline shorebird population needs or meeting established population goals, particularly in the face of changing environmental conditions. To address these questions, we used bioenergetics modeling to estimate shorebird food energy needs over four consecutive years that had the highest annual mean air temperatures ever recorded in California, and included years of extreme drought, as well as the second wettest winter on record. Our objectives were to (1) characterize annual variability in the timing and magnitude of shorebird food energy shortfalls, (2) estimate the contributions that incentive programs made to meeting these needs, and (3) develop recommendations for implementation of future habitat programs to advance shorebird conservation in the region. Overall, we found a high level of consistency in the timing and magnitude of habitat shortfalls, especially in fall, despite large differences in annual rainfall, a result that was unexpected, but that emphasizes how highly managed the hydrological system is in the Central Valley. We also found that the magnitude of both fall and spring energy shortfalls increased, relative to recent (2007–2014) estimates, perhaps due to aberrantly warm conditions. Incentive programs implemented to provide supplemental habitat were somewhat effective in reducing shortfalls for the assumed baseline population, but there were consistent unmet habitat needs when there were not enough shallow open water foraging areas available. Strategies to offset these remaining food energy deficits include scaling up habitat investments, adjusting the timing of habitat programs to better match the migration patterns of the birds, and adapting programs to new geographies. To the extent that there is variability in annual habitat need we recommend implementing a dynamic conservation approach. This involves scaling the amount of additional habitat created to match the shifting needs of the birds to maximize return on investment.
Microbial community composition, and not pH, influences lake sediment function
Authors: Bertolet Brittni L. , Louden Sydney I. , Jones Stuart E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLake sediment microbial communities vary across ecosystems and are often differentiated across pH. Additionally, these pH‐mediated differences in community composition are often correlated with changes in sediment functioning, such as methane and carbon dioxide production. However, few studies have experimentally tested pH effects on community assembly or considered how microbial community composition influences ecosystem function independent of differences in the environment. We used common garden experiments to test hypotheses about how pH influences microbial community assembly and function in lake sediments. Using inoculum from three acidic lakes and three near‐neutral lakes, we found that both pH environment and inoculum source significantly influenced sediment microbial community assembly. However, inoculum source had a larger effect size for both the sediment methanogen and nonmethanogen communities, indicating important roles of dispersal and drift. Additionally, inoculum source, but not pH environment, significantly influenced sediment methane and carbon dioxide production. This research is one of the first to experimentally test the influence of pH on sediment microbial community composition, and in doing so, we show the community composition significantly influences sediment function independent of pH. Understanding how lake sediment microbial communities are influenced by environment is the first step toward mechanistically linking changes in community composition to ecosystem function, and we provide critical evidence for how changes in microbial community assembly with environmental change will likely alter carbon cycling in lake sediments.
Unified understanding of intrinsic and extrinsic controls of dissolved organic carbon reactivity in aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Berggren Martin , Guillemette François , Bieroza Magdalena , Buffam Ishi , Deininger Anne , Hawkes Jeffrey A. , Kothawala Dolly N. , LaBrie Richard , Lapierre Jean‐François , Murphy Kathleen R. , Al‐Kharusi Enass S. , Rulli Mayra P. D. , Hensgens Geert , Younes Hani , Wünsch Urban J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDespite our growing understanding of the global carbon cycle, scientific consensus on the drivers and mechanisms that control dissolved organic carbon (DOC) turnover in aquatic systems is lacking, hampered by the mismatch between research that approaches DOC reactivity from either intrinsic (inherent chemical properties) or extrinsic (environmental context) perspectives. Here we propose a conceptual view of DOC reactivity in which the combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors controls turnover rates and determines which reactions will occur. We review three major types of reactions (biological, photochemical, and flocculation) from an intrinsic chemical perspective and further define the environmental features that modulate the expression of chemically inherent reactivity potential. Finally, we propose hypotheses of how extrinsic and intrinsic factors together shape patterns in DOC turnover across the land‐to‐ocean continuum, underscoring that there is no intrinsic DOC reactivity without environmental context. By acknowledging the intrinsic–extrinsic control duality, our framework intends to foster improved modeling of DOC reactivity and its impact on ecosystem services.
Andean non‐volant small mammals: A dataset of community assemblages of non‐volant small mammals from the high Andes
Authors: Rengifo Edgardo M. , Brito Jorge , Jayat J. Pablo , Cairampoma Raisa , Novillo Agustina , Hurtado Natali , Ferro Ignacio , Medina Cesar E. , Arguero Alfonso , Solari Sergio , Urquizo Jose , Villarreal Ariatna , Vivar Elena , Teta Pablo , Quiroga‐Carmona Marcial , D'Elía Guillermo , Percequillo Alexandre Reis 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInformation from diversity inventories was used to study patterns of biodiversity and species distribution, to identify potential priority areas for conservation, and to guide future sampling efforts. In this context, we compiled information on non‐volant small mammal communities from the high Andes (>2000 m). Here, we present an open source dataset containing information on diversity (species composition, number of individuals captured), inventory design (type of traps, sampling efforts), and environment (habitat) for both unpublished and published information. This study covers 630 mammalian communities, geographically distributed throughout the Andes in Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile. We compiled a total of 26,412 individual records belonging to 240 species; the order with greatest number of records was Rodentia (n = 25,319, 96.06%), followed by Didelphimorphia (n = 373, 1.42%), Eulipotyphla (n = 358, 1.36%) and Paucituberculata, (n = 307, 1.16%). Andean non‐volant small mammal communities harbor a range from 1 to 17 species, with 93.06% of sites being composed of one to five species, 27.78% of sites with species richness varying from 6 to 10 species, and 4.17% sites composed of more than 10 species. Multiple sampling methods were used to survey non‐volant small mammals; the most representative methods were snap‐traps and Sherman traps, or a combination of both, in more than 81% of the studies. This data paper represents the first large dataset of faunal species inventories for the Andes. There are no copyright restrictions associated with the use of this dataset. Please cite this data paper when its data are used total or partially in research or teaching.
Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein indicates memory impairment in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Traub Jan , Otto Markus , Sell Roxane , Homola György A. , Steinacker Petra , Oeckl Patrick , Morbach Caroline , Frantz Stefan , Pham Mirko , Störk Stefan , Stoll Guido , Frey Anna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsCognitive dysfunction occurs frequently in patients with heart failure (HF), but early detection remains challenging. Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is an emerging biomarker of cognitive decline in disorders of primary neurodegeneration such as Alzheimer's disease. We evaluated the utility of serum GFAP as a biomarker for cognitive dysfunction and structural brain damage in patients with stable chronic HF.Methods and resultsUsing bead‐based single molecule immunoassays, we quantified serum levels of GFAP in patients with HF participating in the prospective Cognition.Matters‐HF study. Participants were extensively phenotyped, including cognitive testing of five separate domains and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. Univariable and multivariable models, also accounting for multiple testing, were run. One hundred and forty‐six chronic HF patients with a mean age of 63.8 ± 10.8 years were included (15.1% women). Serum GFAP levels (median 246 pg/mL, quartiles 165, 384 pg/mL; range 66 to 1512 pg/mL) did not differ between sexes. In the multivariable adjusted model, independent predictors of GFAP levels were age (T = 5.5; P < 0.001), smoking (T = 3.2; P = 0.002), estimated glomerular filtration rate (T = −4.7; P < 0.001), alanine aminotransferase (T = −2.1; P = 0.036), and the left atrial end‐systolic volume index (T = 3.4; P = 0.004). NT‐proBNP but not serum GFAP explained global cerebral atrophy beyond ageing. However, serum GFAP levels were associated with the cognitive domain visual/verbal memory (T = −3.0; P = 0.003) along with focal hippocampal atrophy (T = 2.3; P = 0.025).ConclusionsSerum GFAP levels are affected by age, smoking, and surrogates of the severity of HF. The association of GFAP with memory dysfunction suggests that astroglial pathologies, which evade detection by conventional MRI, may contribute to memory loss beyond ageing in patients with chronic HF.
Feasibility evaluation of an off‐grid solar‐biomass system for remote area electrification considering various economic factors
Authors: Mohseni Mohammad , Moosavian Seyed Farhan , Hajinezhad Ahmad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOff‐grid renewable energy systems are a solution for power generation in areas where access to the grid is not possible or cost‐effective; in particular, low population rural areas located far away from grid lines or in rugged terrains. Furthermore, over‐reliance on fossil fuels for supplying global energy demand has led to the depletion of nonrenewable resources and environmental issues. This paper presents a feasibility assessment of an off‐grid hybrid renewable energy system for a remote rural area in Kohgiluye and Boyer‐Ahmad Province in Iran. Regarding the available energy resources in the region, a photovoltaic (PV)‐biomass energy system is considered. HOMER Pro software is utilized to find the optimized sizing of the PV‐biomass system to fulfill this load demand. The objective function in this optimization is the system's total net present cost. Due to the rapid fluctuation of economic factors in the country, several rates of inflation and discount rate are considered to investigate their influence on the costs of the system. The optimization result for the current inflation rate of 40% and the discount rate of 18% in the country proposes a hybrid energy system consisting of a 3 kW biogas‐fueled generator, 4.74 kW PV, 10 kWh battery, and 2.07 kW converter to meet the 2.64 kW peak load and 14.53 kWh/day consumption of the community. The total net present cost and cost of energy are $93,057 and 0.0933 $/kWh, respectively. Finally, the environmental assessment of the proposed hybrid system shows an annual CO2 emission of 2.95 kg, which means 99.9% CO2 emissions mitigation compared to a conventional coal‐based electrical plant.
Therapeutic gas‐releasing nanomedicines with controlled release: Advances and perspectives
Authors: Opoku‐Damoah Yaw , Zhang Run , Ta Hang T. , Xu Zhi Ping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNanoparticle‐based drug delivery has become one of the most popular approaches for maximising drug therapeutic potentials. With the notable improvements, a greater challenge hinges on the formulation of gasotransmitters with unique challenges that are not met in liquid and solid active ingredients. Gas molecules upon release from formulations for therapeutic purposes have not really been discussed extensively. Herein, we take a critical look at four key gasotransmitters, that is, carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and sulphur dioxide (SO2), their possible modification into prodrugs known as gas‐releasing molecules (GRMs), and their release from GRMs. Different nanosystems and their mediatory roles for efficient shuttling, targeting and release of these therapeutic gases are also reviewed extensively. This review thoroughly looks at the diverse ways in which these GRM prodrugs in delivery nanosystems are designed to respond to intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli for sustained release. In this review, we seek to provide a succinct summary for the development of therapeutic gases into potent prodrugs that can be adapted in nanomedicine for potential clinical use.