bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of bismuth for antibiotic‐resistant Helicobacter pylori strains eradication: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Han Zhongxue , Li Yueyue , Kong Qingzhou , Liu Jing , Wang Juan , Wan Meng , Lin Minjuan , Lin Boshen , Zhang Wenlin , Ding Yuming , Wang Shaotong , Mu Yijun , Duan Miao , Zuo Xiuli , Li Yan‐qing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground & AimsAntibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is increasing worldwide, and bismuth quadruple therapy has been recommended as a first‐line regimen in many areas. This study aimed to investigate whether bismuth would improve the eradication rate (ER) of clarithromycin‐/metronidazole‐/levofloxacin‐resistant H. pylori strains and how much additional efficacy bismuth could achieve.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central databases for randomized controlled trials were systematically searched by two independent reviewers until 15 January 2022. Pooled ERs of clarithromycin‐/metronidazole‐/levofloxacin‐resistant H. pylori strains were compared between bismuth‐containing and non‐bismuth therapies. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random‐effects model.ResultsEight studies enrolling 340 individuals were included. The RRs of pooled ERs compared between bismuth‐containing and non‐bismuth therapies were 1.83 for clarithromycin‐resistant strains (95% CI 1.16–2.89, pooled ER: 76.9% vs. 36.6%, p = .009, I2 = 0%), 1.39 for metronidazole‐resistant strains (95% CI 1.09–1.78, pooled ER: 86.8% vs. 60.9%, p = .008, I2 = 37%), 2.75 for dual clarithromycin/metronidazole‐resistant strains (95% CI 1.01–7.52, pooled ER: 76.9% vs. 18.2%, p = .05, I2 = 0%), and 1.04 for levofloxacin‐resistant strains (95% CI 0.56–1.93, pooled ER: 63.4% vs. 54.3%, p = .90; I2 = 60%). Bismuth significantly increased the ERs of clarithromycin‐, metronidazole‐, and dual‐resistant strains by 40%, 26%, and 59%, respectively. Subgroup analysis of treatment duration showed that the significantly higher eradication rate for antibiotic‐resistant strains in bismuth‐containing therapy than non‐bismuth therapy was only observed in 14‐day treatment regimens and not in 7‐day regimens (p = .02 and .17, respectively).ConclusionsBismuth was most effective in improving the ERs of dual‐resistant H. pylori strains, followed by clarithromycin‐ and metronidazole‐resistant strains. Prolonged treatment duration might effectively improve the efficacy of bismuth in overcoming antibiotic resistance.
Pilot trial of iBDecide: Evaluating an online tool to facilitate shared decision making for adolescents and young adults with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Matula Kelly A. , Minar Philip , Daraiseh Nancy M. , Lin Li , Recker Marlee , Lipstein Ellen A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis pilot, randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the usability, among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with ulcerative colitis (UC), of a web‐based tool (‘iBDecide’) designed to facilitate shared decision making (SDM).MethodsAYAs with UC (n = 35) were randomized to intervention (iBDecide,n = 14) and control (n = 12) arms before a scheduled clinic visit. We measured the usability of iBDecide, SDM, preferred decision‐making style, decision conflict and intervention use.ResultsParticipants in the intervention group found iBDecide easy to use and agreed that it made them feel ready to participate in decision making and that they would use it to prepare for appointments. There were 130 visits to iBDecide, lasting on average 3 min, 41 s. The medication and nutrition trackers were among the most‐viewed pages. Pages specifically designed to facilitate SDM were viewed only four times. Across groups, too few participants reported making decisions during clinic visits for decision‐related measures to be reported.ConclusionsThis pilot trial provides evidence for the usability of iBDecide and guidance for developing a larger‐scale trial of a combined web‐based and in‐clinic SDM intervention. Overall, iBDecide shows promise in engaging AYAs with UC in SDM and condition management.Patient or Public ContributionPatients, specifically AYAs with UC, and healthcare providers were involved in the design of this study's intervention, iBDecide. Additionally, the research team, from study conception to manuscript writing, included a young adult with inflammatory bowel disease.Clinical Trial Registration: This study was registered atclinicaltrials.gov(NCT04207008).
Should inclusion have an expiry date? Older people's attitudes on intellectual disabilities
Authors: Ankori Galia , Yaacovi Yehonatan , Carmeli Eli 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundOlder people with intellectual disabilities represent a new and neglected population in need of services, yet it may be problematic to include them in generic services without having a clear idea of how elderly people from the general population feel towards them. To the best of our knowledge, this topic has not been addressed quantitatively.MethodSeventy‐three participants over 63 years of age (23 females and 50 males) from the general population without an intellectual disability completed two valid measures: the CLAS‐MR and the WHOQOL‐OLD.ResultsLevel of education and quality of life were positively associated with attitudes towards people with intellectual disabilities. Age was negatively associated with knowledge regarding intellectual disability.ConclusionsWhen preparing for the inclusion of older people with intellectual disabilities in generic services, attention should be given to members' level of education, quality of life, and knowledge regarding intellectual disabilities. Sensitivity should be applied to potential tendencies to shelter people with intellectual disabilities.
Mitochondrial derived peptide MOTS‐c prevents the development of heart failure under pressure overload conditions in mice
Authors: Zhong Peng , Peng Jianye , Hu Yewen , Zhang Jun , Shen Caijie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMOTS‐c, a mitochondrial‐derived peptide (MDP), has been shown to have multiple biological activities such as antioxidation, anti‐inflammation, and anti‐apoptosis properties. In the present study, we aimed at evaluating the therapeutic effect of MOTS‐c peptide in an animal model of heart failure. The heart failure mouse model was made by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) operations. The MOTS‐c peptide was administrated subcutaneously by using an osmotic pump. At the end of the animal experiment, cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography, and heart tissues were subjected to histological and molecular analysis. In vitro cultured H9C2 cells were used to test the effects of MOTS‐c overexpression on cell death in response to H2O2 stimulation. Our study showed that MOTS‐c peptide attenuated TAC‐induced cardiac dysfunction and remodelling. In addition, the MOTS‐c peptide reduced the inflammatory response and upregulated the antioxidant capacity, coupled with the activation of the AMPK pathway in the heart of the TAC mouse model. In in vitro cultured cardiac cells, overexpression of MOTS‐c was shown to activate the AMPK pathway and protect cell apoptosis in response to H2O2 stimulation. Taken together, our study suggested that MOTS‐c peptides may have therapeutic potential in treating HF.
A novel neo‐sex chromosome in Sylvietta brachyura (Macrosphenidae) adds to the extraordinary avian sex chromosome diversity among Sylvioidea songbirds
Authors: Sigeman Hanna , Zhang Hongkai , Ali Abed Salwan , Hansson Bengt 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe report the discovery of a novel neo‐sex chromosome in an African warbler, Sylvietta brachyura (northern crombec; Macrosphenidae). This species is part of the Sylvioidea superfamily, where four separate autosome–sex chromosome translocation events have previously been discovered via comparative genomics of 11 of the 22 families in this clade. Our discovery here resulted from analyses of genomic data of single species‐representatives from three additional Sylvioidea families (Macrosphenidae, Pycnonotidae and Leiothrichidae). In all three species, we confirmed the translocation of a part of chromosome 4A to the sex chromosomes, which originated basally in Sylvioidea. In S. brachyura, we found that a part of chromosome 8 has been translocated to the sex chromosomes, forming a unique neo‐sex chromosome in this lineage. Furthermore, the non‐recombining part of 4A in S. brachyura is smaller than in other Sylvioidea species, which suggests that recombination continued along this region after the fusion event in the Sylvioidea ancestor. These findings reveal additional sex chromosome diversity among the Sylvioidea, where five separate translocation events are now confirmed.
Oxidation kinetics and ANN model for shelf life estimation of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) grains during storage
Authors: Selvan Shilpa S. , Mohapatra Debabandya , Anakkallan Subeesh , Kate Adinath , Tripathi Manoj Kumar , Singh Karan , Kar Abhijit 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis work analyzed the impact of storage period and temperature (5, 25, and 45°C) on the rancidity indicators and oxidation kinetics of pearl millet grains stored for 120 days. The storage period and temperature had a significant (p ≤ 0.05) effect on the free fatty acid (FFA), acid value (AV), and peroxide value (PV). An Arrhenius‐type equation was used to estimate the shelf life of grains derived from the oxidation kinetics data of the rancidity parameters. A pseudo‐zero‐order reaction model fit the kinetics of pearl millet grains better than the first‐order reaction model, and this model was also exploited to anticipate the shelf life of the grains during storage. Higher storage temperatures have a less shelf life as compared to the grains stored at a lower temperature. Similarly, the pearl millet grains stored at 45°C have a shelf life of 8.5 weeks, which was much lower than the shelf life of 15.7 weeks at 5°C, respectively. FFA, AV, and PV of pearl millet grains were estimated using artificial neural network modeling based on Levenberg–Marquardt's backpropagation algorithm. Low root mean square error (0.262) values and high R2 (0.998) values indicate a good fit for the developed model. The developed shelf‐life prediction model has a positive significance for the assessment of quality deterioration of grains during storage.Novelty Impact StatementStorage temperature and time impacted the rancidity indicators, such as FFA, PV, and AV in pearl millet grain. These rancidity indicators can be modeled using oxidation kinetics and on Arrehenius equation and ANN modeling shelf life of the grains can be predicted.
The End of Macro‐Narratives of Progress? History, Christian Theology, and the Anthropocene
Authors: Gregory Brad S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe dominant modern Western macro‐narrative of historical change from the Middle Ages to the present has been a positive one of progress, all things considered. Most of those critical of the trajectory’s imperfect realization nevertheless defend its central ideals and the extension of opportunities to unjustly excluded persons. Such ideals include the politically protected right of individuals to live as they wish and to pursue material prosperity. The multivalent ecological degradation that marks the Anthropocene epoch since the Great Acceleration of the mid‐twentieth century makes clear the planetary environmental costs of the pursuit, protection, and extension of these ideals and related practices in the modern era. Historically, expansionist and belligerent Western European countries and their offshoots since the fifteenth century bear a disproportionate responsibility for the eventual emergence of the Anthropocene. Their economic, political, technological, and military influence exerted an outsized environmental influence on our planet—the human corner of God’s creation—before and after the Industrial Revolution. Religiously, all of these European nations were overwhelmingly peopled either by Catholic or Protestant Christians from the sixteenth century until well into the twentieth. With Christians in the vanguard, the post‐Reformation rebranding of avarice as self‐interest and the open‐ended pursuit of wealth are antithetical to the New Testament’s ethos of ascetic self‐denial. Having ignored what Jesus said, we live with the planetary consequences in the Anthropocene, which now poses an obstacle to any and all macro‐narratives of progress.
Islam, Culture, and Reprogenetics: Implementation of Genetic and Reproductive Technologies in Qatar
Authors: Shabana Ayman 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper explores how genetic and assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) are implemented in Qatar. It investigates how medical professionals deal with moral issues surrounding the various applications of these technologies, on the basis of fieldwork that was undertaken on this topic. The paper places the views of the medical professionals within the local (national/regional/cultural) as well as wider normative (legal/Sunni‐Islamic) contexts and demonstrates how the implementation of ARTs in Qatar is informed by a wide range of ethical, legal, professional, and cultural norms.
Reprogenetic Technologies and the Valuing of the Biogenetic Family
Authors: de Melo‐Martín Inmaculada 
Published: September 2022

AbstractReprogenetic technologies, which combine the power of reproductive technologies with the tools of genetic science and technology, give prospective parents a remarkable degree of control over a variety of their offspring’s characteristics. Not uncommonly, proponents of these technologies treat them as mere value‐neutral tools, limiting their assessments to risk and benefit considerations narrowly conceptualized. However, such assessments are ethically unsound. Far from being value‐neutral, reprogenetic technologies support or alter human values by mediating our perceptions of the world and our reasons for action. In this paper, I focus in particular on the biological or genetic family and show how reprogenetic technologies reinforce the value that such families have in many societies. I also explore the negative consequences of ignoring the value‐ladenness of reprogenetic technologies.
Moral uncertainty, noncognitivism, and the multi‐objective story
Authors: Robinson Pamela , Steele Katie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe sometimes seem to face fundamental moral uncertainty, i.e., uncertainty about what is morally good or morally right that cannot be reduced to ordinary descriptive uncertainty. This phenomenon raises a puzzle for noncognitivism, according to which moral judgments are desire‐like attitudes as opposed to belief‐like attitudes. Can a state of moral uncertainty really be a noncognitive state? So far, noncognitivists have not been able to offer a completely satisfactory account. Here, we argue that noncognitivists should exploit the formal analogy between moral uncertainty and moral multi‐objective decision problems. Our ‘multi‐objective story’ enables noncognitivists to save our moral uncertainty thought and talk by explaining how the underlying phenomenon could be noncognitive.
Experimental and Computational Study of Enhanced Forced Convection Heat Transfer in Novel Slotted Wavy-Plate-Fin Channels
Authors: Shi Dantong , Lin Kuan-Ting , Jog Milind A. , Manglik Raj M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Forced convective enhanced heat transfer performance of airflows (50 ≤ Re ≤ 4000, Pr ∼ 0.71) in novel slotted sinusoidal wavy-plate-fins is investigated both experimentally and computationally. The slotted wavy fin core evaluated in the experiments was produced by direct metal laser sintering (DMLS). Compared with the equivalent or nonslotted wavy fin core, also produced by DMLS, while the heat transfer was found to be similar, the pressure drop was reduced by as much as 31%. This very attractively significant enhancement was further explored in a three-dimensional computational analysis. Besides validating experimental results, it is seen that a significant part of pressure loss in plain wavy-fin channels is due to form drag induced by flow recirculation in the trough region. This is shown to be reduced substantially if the fins are slotted at large form drag locations. Their position and size, characterized, respectively, by phase angle (β) and dimensionless slot size (δ), are varied in the simulations to explore their role in the enhanced thermal-hydrodynamic performance. One such modified design exhibits a characteristically unusual performance at low Re, where improvement in heat transfer (+17%) is accompanied by a reduction in pressure loss (–16.8%). Additionally, at high Re, though a slight decline in heat transfer (–7.6%) is evidenced, the pressure drop is nearly cut in half (–46.6%). Moreover, the overall thermal-hydrodynamic performance based on the metric of fixed heat transfer rate and pressure drop constraint shows that ∼15% reduction in the required heat transfer surface area can be achieved with slotted wavy fins.
Experimental Results for a Novel Flash Evaporation and Phase Separation System for Desalination of Sea Water
Authors: Chandramouli Vasudevan , Jen Jin , Dhir Vijay K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A novel system combining dynamic flash evaporation and vapor separation for desalination has been investigated in this work. The feed water passes through injection tubes which are connected to injector passages installed tangentially onto a separator tube. Flashing in the injection tubes is initiated from pressure drop due to friction and acceleration resulting in a two-phase mixture. Centrifugal force from tangential injection separates the two-phase mixture. In this compact system, vapor production and phase separation occur on the order of several milliseconds. Tap water and seawater were used as inlet feed water for the system. Thermal conversion efficiency to analyze the vapor production efficacy and phase separation efficiency to evaluate the purity of the condensate were investigated to evaluate the system. Thermal conversion and phase separation efficiencies up to 98% were obtained with the single stage system. Further improvement in purity of condensate was achieved with a two-stage system. In the two-stage system, the vapor captured along with some entrained droplets from the first stage was directed to a second set of injector passages connected in series to the first stage retrieval tube. With a two-stage system and seawater with salt concentration by mass of 2.5%, collected condensate with salt concentrations lower than 0.02% by mass was achieved, which is comparable to that of potable water. Thus, the novel dynamic flash evaporation and vapor separation system have been demonstrated to be very effective in producing potable water.
Experimental Evidence of the Band Gap Formation in Rotors With Longitudinal Periodicity
Authors: Lamas Patrick B. , Nicoletti Rodrigo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The longitudinal periodicity of the rotating elements in a rotating machine can impose band gaps (modal spacing) on the frequency spectrum of the system. These band gaps are characterized by a large distance between two adjacent modes with a low vibrating response of the system. Here, the rotating elements of the machine (e.g., the stages or the impellers) are considered to be the periodic elements of the rotor. In this disk-like configuration of the rotor, the system can present band gaps due to two different reasons: the matching between the number of disks and the eigenmode wavenumber (usually in slender rotors); the presence of local-mode shapes (usually in large rotors). This work presents experimental evidence of the band gap formation in a slender periodic rotor. The obtained results validate the theoretical predictions of previous works.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling of Low Temperature Ignition Processes From a Nanosecond Pulsed Discharge at Quiescent Conditions
Authors: Gururajan Vyaas , Scarcelli Riccardo , Biswas Sayan , Ekoto Isaac 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Recent interest in nonequilibrium plasma discharges as sources of ignition for the automotive industry has not yet been accompanied by the availability of dedicated models to perform this task in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) engine simulations. The need for a low-temperature plasma (LTP) ignition model has motivated much work in simulating these discharges from first principles. Most ignition models assume that an equilibrium plasma comprises the bulk of discharge kernels. LTP discharges, however, exhibit highly nonequilibrium behavior. In this work, a method to determine a consistent initialization of LTP discharge kernels for use in engine CFD codes like converge is proposed. The method utilizes first principles discharge simulations. Such an LTP kernel is introduced in a flammable mixture of air and fuel, and the subsequent plasma expansion and ignition simulation is carried out using a reacting flow solver with detailed chemistry. The proposed numerical approach is shown to produce results that agree with experimental observations regarding the ignitability of methane-air and ethylene-air mixtures by LTP discharges.
Nonlinear Reduced Order Modeling of Structures Near Buckling and Application to an Energy Harvester
Authors: Wang X. Q. , Mignolet Marc P. , Liao Yabin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The focus of this investigation is first on assessing the validity to structures under in-plane forces, in particular near buckling, of the reduced order modeling approach for nonlinear geometric response that has been extensively developed in the last two decades. This focus is motivated by a class of piezoelectric energy harvesters that rely on strongly nonlinear behavior, such as large amplitude responses, to achieve broadband energy harvesting. A simple, two-rigid bars linkage that approximates a buckling beam is first considered to discover the features of the nonlinear force–displacement relationship induced by an in-plane loading. It is observed that the corresponding form of this relationship is not consistent with the one derived from a reduced order model (ROM) but can be closely approximated by it over a large displacement range. This analysis emphasizes in particular the role of a group of ROM coefficients that are usually considered unimportant. A similar study is performed next for the buckled harvester modeled within nastran and it is again found that a close match of the force–displacement relationship can be achieved. Based on that positive outlook, a six basis functions ROM of this beam harvester that includes piezoelectric effects is built and identified. It is found to provide a close match of nastran nonlinear predictions over a broad range of transverse and in-plane loadings in static and dynamic conditions. The ROM usefulness in predicting the open-circuit voltage is demonstrated.
Optimization of a Horizontal Single Axis Tracking Solar Array on Skewed Topography With Interrow Shading
Authors: Davol Andrew , Belanger Jacques , Smith Logan , Kim Byungyu , Charkowsky Shea 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Horizontal single axis tracking (HSAT) solar arrays are now prevalent in the solar industry due to the potential energy output increase of up to 30% over fixed arrays [1]. This study addresses the effect of skewed topography on HSAT arrays. Specifically, the study will investigate the optimization of the tracking algorithm to maximize energy output, balancing tracking and interrow shading losses. This is accomplished using a 3-D model of the array to predict the expected interrow shading and a power generation model that estimates the lost power at any instant due to the predicted shading. An optimization routine is run changing the input parameters fed to the tracking software to ultimately optimize the energy production of the array. A case study utilizing one zone of the Gold Tree Solar Array on the campus of Cal Poly San Luis Obispo (Figure1) demonstrated a potential 8% energy generation increase annually over a system set to default settings.