bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A State Transition Based Cache Side Channel Attack Model
Authors: Wang Chong , Wei Shuai 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Over the last decades, the Cache Side Channel Attack (CSCA) seriously threatens the security of user information, which repeatedly highlights the security of cache. Even though the secure cache design can mitigate or defend against this attack, the high design period and tap-out cost reduce the development of the specific designs. Therefore, many researchers focus on proposing a secure cache model to analyse the CSCA and simplify the secure design. Nowadays, the cache model can be divided into 1) Indicator analysis model; 2) Cache verify model; 3) Cache abstract model. However, most of these models focus on the establishment phase of CSCA, regardless of the usage phase of CSCA. On the other hand, the granularity of the cache model is either the entire cache or a single cache line, which can’t describe the cache behaviour in CSCA clearly. To overcome these limitations, we proposed a novel cache model based on state transition and gave a formal specification of CSCA by this model in this work. Firstly, we summarize 11 basic states of the cache set and point to the target state in the process of CSCA. Then we describe the CSCA from three aspects: pre-attack cost, state transition cost, and detection accuracy, which gives a more comprehensive analysis of CSCA.
Multi-objective Optimization of Large-scale Multi-reservoir Flood Control Operation
Authors: Wang Quansen , Li Anqiang , Lu Chengwei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Joint operation of reservoir group is an important method for flood mitigation. Most of the existing flood control operation methods only focus on a single reservoir and a single object, which cannot take into account the coordination and complementarity of different reservoirs, and it is difficult to comprehensively consider the safety of multiple flood control objectives in the upstream and downstream of the basin. In this context, this paper proposed a multi-objective modeling and optimization method for flood control operation of large-scale reservoir groups based on different pre-set frameworks. 12 large reservoirs in the Yangtze River Basin were selected as a case. The results show that the proposed method can reasonably and effectively deal with the complex optimization problem of large-scale reservoir group operation scheme, and can further improve the intelligent level of multi-reservoir joint flood control operation.
The Multi-Objective Optimization of Headlamp Lighting System
Authors: Hsueh Bo-Ren , Lee Den-Hua , Chang Kuo-Chin , Chang Kow-Ming , Hsu Long , Wu Bo-Wen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
When designing headlights using optical software LightTools, we found that the maximum illuminance and facula diameter of the initial headlamp lighting system design were less than 20000 lux (maximum illuminance) and 40mm (facula diameter), which did not meet the minimum performance requirements. However, if we increase the maximum illuminance value, the facula diameter value will become smaller and may not meet the minimum performance requirements. In order to obtain the best value of maximum illuminance and facula diameter at the same time, we used a multi-objective optimization method (combination of Taguchi method and robust multiple criterion optimization approach (RMCO)) to solve maximum illuminance and facula diameter optimization problem. It is effective and helpful increase the maximum illuminance and facula diameter of the headlamp lighting system (The maximum illuminance increased from 9580 lux to 22900 lux, the facula diameter increased from 40mm to 50mm). In this method, the concept of statistical analysis is used to obtain a set of diversified Pareto-optimal solutions. The set of diversified Pareto-optimal solutions can obtain for energy optimized design of headlamp lighting system. This study is the first attempt to use the RMCO method to optimize the multi-objective problem in a headlamp lighting system.
Wall panels using thermoelectric generators for sustainable cities and communities: a mini-review
Authors: Elgendi Mahmoud , Tamimi Jawaher AL , Alfalahi Aysha , Alkhoori Dana , Alshanqiti Mariam , Aladawi Ayesha 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTraditional air conditioners consume a significant portion of energy and negatively affect households’ budgets. In addition, the compressor is noisy, and the leaked refrigerant may harm the environment. On the other hand, thermoelectric materials (TEM) are materials that can transform heat into electricity and vice versa. Therefore, TEM can be used as a thermoelectric cooler (TEC), so they will be an excellent alternative to traditional air conditioners because they are static and do not contain refrigerant. In addition, TEM can be used as a thermoelectric generator (TEG), thermoelectric heater (TEH), and thermoelectric dehumidifier (TED). PCM can work as a thermal reservoir so that absorbed or released energy occurs almost at a constant temperature. Therefore, PCM can act as a heat sink for TEG because PCM’s temperature depends on the type of PCM. During the day, the TEG-PCM unit as a wall panel generates electricity because heat transfers from the exterior to PCM. During the night, PCM’s latent heat transfers from PCM to the exterior, where the exterior temperature is cooler than the temperature of PCM. Therefore, TEG generates electricity. Also, TEC can cool PCM for cooling purposes. The thickness and kind of PCM significantly influence the system’s and PCM’s performance. Photovoltaic panels (PV) generate electricity from light. Therefore, PV can be integrated with TEG and PCM to increase the system’s total efficiency and augment the benefit. The present paper reviews the recent studies that adopt TEM for wall panels.
A comparative study on renewable energy policies between Japan and Malaysia
Authors: Tang YongHua , Choo Abby , Lau TeckChai , Chong WenTong , Wong KokHoe 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The world relies heavily on fossil fuels for energy generation, thereby leading to global warming and regional climate change. Renewable energy (RE) is one of the realisable solutions to tackle the drastically increasing energy demand. As the global push for RE culminates within the coming years, energy policies will be the key driver in promoting RE deployment. Japan as a developed country aims to achieve a 36–38% share of RE in the energy mix by 2030, whilst Malaysia being a developing country has set a goal of achieving 31% RE mix by 2025. This paper presents a comparative study of RE policies between Japan and Malaysia, with the RE policies of both countries being analysed and presented chronologically. Moreover, the factors that contributed to the effectiveness of the policy and the measures that can be taken to overcome the shortcomings of the policies are elaborated. It is observed that both countries have been actively implementing a series of RE policies since the 21st century, especially Japan after the Fukushima nuclear disaster in 2011. Japan has shown an outstanding achievement where it achieved 20.8% of RE mix in 2020 while Malaysia is still far behind its target at approximately 2% in the same year. Hence, the Malaysian government should follow Japan’s footsteps in adopting and enforcing RE policies, and at the same time increase civil awareness regarding RE and stimulate participation from various stakeholders.
Numerical investigation of phase change heat transfer in a confined micro-space by lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Qin Siyu , Ji Ruiyang , Tong Zixiang , Lu Zhao , Yang Chun , Meng Xiangzhao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Phase-change heat transfer has attracted wide attention in thermal management of electronic infrastructures, such as the data center and 5G base station antenna. It possesses the characteristics of high equivalent thermal conductivity, rapid heat diffusion and good temperature uniformity. However, the existing thermal solution to advanced high-performance devices becomes more challenging with high heat flux and small heat dissipation area. Current surface modification technology has been applied for enhancing phase-change means in energy-related fields. In this paper, the hybrid lattice Boltzmann (LB) method was utilized to explore vapor-liquid phase-change mechanism and its enhancement in a confined micro-space. Different modified surfaces’ effects on bubble growth behavior and interfacial phase-change heat transfer were respectively discussed. Based on the pseudopotential LB approach and energy equation, the boiling and condensation regimes were quantitatively evaluated with the heat transfer coefficient and transient heat flux. The numerical results indicated that the wettability possessed significant impacts on the primary characteristics of phase-change heat transfer. It was found that hydrophilic contact angle promoted the initial boiling, while hydrophobic one helped to facilitate drop-wise condensation. The hybrid surfaces possess the best performance for the boiling heat transfer enhancement. Both the modified hybrid and wettability gradient surfaces have positive contributions to the condensation heat transfer enhancement. This study is expected to provide a reference for improving phase-change heat transfer technology for sustainable energy applications.
Experimental and numerical investigation of a counter-flow hollow fiber membrane-based evaporative cooler
Authors: Yan W C , Thiam H S , Meng X Z , Liu Y L , Cui X 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A counter-flow hollow fiber membrane-based evaporative cooler (HFMEC) was proposed. An experimental setup was developed to investigate the air handling performance of the HFMEC under various operating conditions. A numerical model was established and validated. The outlet air temperature predicted by the numerical model using free surface model showed a maximum deviation of 5% comparing with the experimental data. The model was further used to conduct a parametric analysis of the HFMEC. Six key parameters, including geometric specifications and operating conditions, were selected as factors for the sensitivity analysis. The cooling capacity and coefficient of performance (COP) were chosen as performance evaluation indicators. The simulation was performed with 27 cases for the orthogonal test. The range analysis revealed that the inlet air relative humidity and velocity, as well as packing fraction had significant impact on its cooling capacity and COP. Ranking the influence degree of key design parameters on performance evaluation indicators, this paper provides a convenient method to design and optimize the counter-flow HFMEC.
Effects of non-heating users in heating residential buildings on heat consumption
Authors: Gao X Y , Tang C L , Meng X Z , Luo X L , Yang X H , Yan C Q 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Building heat consumption is affected by factors such as building characteristics, surrounding non-heating users, and outdoor temperature. Therefore, in order to achieve precise and efficient heating, it is of great importance to study the effects of building characteristics and the existence of non-heating users on the building heat consumption. This paper proposed two factors to evaluate the influences of the building characteristics and the non-heating users on heat consumption in a multi-storey heating residential building. Based on the heat consumption without non-heating adjacent users, the top-side users, top-middle users, middle-side users, middle-middle users, bottom-side users and bottom-middle users are identified as six types of typical-location users. Taking the heat consumption of middle-middle users as the benchmark, location factors (LFs) are introduced to consider the influence of building characteristics on the heat consumption of different typical-location users. For each typical-location user, non-heating user factors (NHFs) are introduced to consider the influences of different distributed non-heating adjacent users on the heat consumption of each typical-location user. The results show that, for low-temperature hot water floor radiant heating system, the impact of upstairs adjacent non-heating users is greater than that of same-floor adjacent non-heating users, and the impact of downstairs adjacent non-heating users is minimal. Besides, it can be considered the non-heating user factors vary slightly with the outdoor temperature when the outdoor temperature is below 0 °C. The results provide a guide for heating operation regulation of residential buildings with non-heating users.
Experimental Study of a Heat Pump Clothes Dryer Using Air-Conditioner’s Waste Heat
Authors: Lim Wan Lynn , Bahar Rubina 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The urbanised living in Malaysia is progressing toward having clothes dryers as essential household equipment. The major problems with the commercially available clothes dryer are the high-power consumption and the possible damage to the environment. This study aims to mitigate these issues with an eco-friendly heat pump clothes dryer. The heat pump principle is derived based on the waste heat from the condenser side of the indoor air conditioner units. The study analyses the feasibility and potential of a heat pump clothes dryer replacing the available clothes drying methods. A small-scale clothes dryer was fabricated using low-cost materials, and the air properties were measured to assess the shift in the drying process. The fabricated prototype can dry faster by approximately 3 hours than outdoor drying at the balcony. This moderate drying is gentle on clothes compared to commercial high-temperature dryers. The study also indicates the impact of temperature settings of the air conditioner on the drying time of clothes. The heat pump dryer can dry up to 1.5 kg of clothes in 3 hours using a portable air conditioner with a power rating of 1.5 HP. It is found from a simple cost analysis that implementing the heat pump clothes dryer can significantly reduce the equipment and electricity cost of the household
Multiple-factor analysis of dehumidification performance and flow resistance for the cross-flow membrane module based on orthogonal test
Authors: Liu Y L , Su J C , Cui X , Yan W C , Li N , Jin L W 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this study, the multiple-factor analysis of dehumidification performance and flow resistance for the cross-flow membrane module was carried out based on the orthogonal test. Three operating and four structural parameters were selected as the independent variables for two test indicators, i.e., dehumidification rate (γ) and dehumidification account of per unit pressure drop (Δφ/Δp). The influence of seven factors on the test indicators was ranked by the single factor analysis of range. The results indicated that the inlet velocity of humid air, u
in, has the most important influence on γ and Δφ/Δp. Among the structural parameters of membrane module, the fiber length has the greatest impact on γ while that is the ratio of fiber pitch to fiber outer radius for Δφ/Δp. The empirical correlations of γ and Δφ/Δp were obtained by the regression analysis of simulated data, which help to predict the dehumidification performance and flow resistance of membrane systems from known structural parameters and operating conditions. According to plus or minus of the fitted exponents, the influences of seven factors on the two indexes are different. The better dehumidification performance and less flow resistance can be achieved by appropriately increasing w
in and l of the membrane module. This study is of guiding significance in the structure optimization of membrane modules.
Bridging BIM and LCSA to Greening Existing Buildings: From A Literature Review to Development of Conceptual Framework
Authors: Zulkefli N S , Mohd Rahim F A , Zainon N 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Instead of looking into new building, this study shifted the focus to existing buildings considering the area has been less explored although the amount of energy released during the phase has significant influence towards sustainability impacts. Deriving from the situation, the purpose of this paper is to explore the potential of bridging BIM and the four-steps approach of Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) as an assisting tool to improve the performances of existing non-green buildings. To achieve aforementioned aim, an extensive literature review to identify the nexus between the two areas is done, as well as possibilities and challenges surfaced pertaining to the idea. Literature review process consists of several approaches including literature searching, classifying, and analysis were conducted. Based on literature review, a research gap is identified, and an initial conceptual framework is developed. The framework entails several areas of research that highlight on integrating LCSA approach, sustainability indicators and BIM functions. Apart from that, several implementation considerations to integrate both areas have been identified too. The conceptual framework presented in this study will serve as a basis to further develop an implementation framework that integrates BIM and LCSA to greening existing buildings. The final implementation framework is expected to assist project stakeholders including project manager (or facility manager), building owner, and consultants in making decision towards improving existing buildings’ sustainable performance.
Turbidity reduction in palm oil mill effluent (POME) by submerged fermentation with immobilized Aspergillus niger spores using coconut husk
Authors: Thegarathah Paveethra , Jewaratnam Jegalakshimi , Simarani Khanom 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Increasing production of palm oil in Malaysia has been releasing an alarming rate of palm oil mill effluent (POME). POME must be treated prior to release into the environment. Turbidity reduction by fermentation in palm oil mill effluent (POME) reduces the chemical oxygen demand (COD) which improves the effectiveness of downstream treatment. Aspergillus niger is a promising decomposer but as a filamentous fungus, its performance could be enhanced when it is supported with fibrous surface to provide a larger surface area for growth. Waste material from agroindustry constituted from lignocellulose have been widely used in the immobilization process to reduce costs. In the present study, sterile coconut husk was used to immobilize A.niger cells. POME, the fermentation media was prepared at concentrations ranging from 0-100%. Post fermentation slurry was filtered. Turbidity for every concentration were recorded. A free cell fermentation was conducted for comparison. The immobilized cell fermentation shows turbidity reduction between 95% and 98% while the free cell fermentation shows reduction between 87% and 95%. The immobilized cell produced a better turbidity reduction percentage.
The potential of waste chicken feather protein hydrolysate as microalgae biostimulant using organic fertilizer as nutrients source
Authors: Suparmaniam Uganeeswary , Lam Man Kee , Lim Jun Wei , Rawindran Hemamalini , Chai Yee Ho , Tan Inn Shi , Fui Chin Bridgid Lai , Kiew Peck Loo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
High costs associated with chemical triggers to promote microalgae productivity when waste-based sources are used as nutrients source has diverted the attention of microalgae growers to seek for sustainable substitute for synthetic triggers. On the other note, vast disposal of chicken feather waste cause severe environmental pollution due to its low decomposition characteristics. Following the call for rigid regulations on its disposal and in attempt to valorize this waste, chicken feathers were subjected to hydrolysis process using 1M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and precipitated by 1M hydrochloric acid (HCL) to produce chicken feather protein hydrolysate (CFPH). The prepared CFPH was further tested for its feasibility as biostimulant for Chlorella vulgaris grown in organic fertilizer as nutrients source. From the data obtained via elemental analysis, the protein content of CFPH was determined as 73.56%. The biomass and lipid productivities of C. vulgaris cultures were significantly improved by 30.4 and 34.3 to 44.6%, respectively compared to control cultures. This research work indicated that CFPH may serve as a potential low-cost biostimulant for simultaneous augmentation of microalgae biomass and lipid. Characterization of physicochemical properties of the produced CFPH is an essential step in identifying possible avenues for its application in microalgae cultivation.
Analysis of the effect of texturing parameters on the static characteristics of radial rigid bore aerodynamic journal bearings
Authors: He Zhenpeng , Song Qixiu , Liu Quan , Xin Jia , Yang Chengquan , Liu Mingyuan , Li Baichun , Yan Fangchao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Surface texturing has been widely used to improve the performance of bearings. To further investigate the effect of surface morphology on rigid bore aerodynamic journal bearings and to improve the performance of bearings, this paper investigates the effect of surface roughness and surface texture on the static characteristics of radial rigid bore aerodynamic journal bearings using numerical analysis. The compressible Reynolds lubrication equation of the rigid bore aerodynamic journal bearing is solved by Successive Over Relaxation (SOR) and finite difference method. The static performance of the bearings with different parameters was investigated. The parameters that have been studied include the shape of the texture, the depth of the texture, the number of textures, the percentage of textures, and the surface roughness. The results show that radial rigid bore aerodynamic journal bearings with specific parameter textures have 36.32% higher load carrying capacity and 1.66% lower frictional torque compared to the case without texture.
SADeepcry: a deep learning framework for protein crystallization propensity prediction using self-attention and auto-encoder networks
Authors: Wang Shaokai , Zhao Haochen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique based on crystallography is the main experimental method to analyze the three-dimensional structure of proteins. The production process of protein crystals on which the XRD technique relies has undergone multiple experimental steps, which requires a lot of manpower and material resources. In addition, studies have shown that not all proteins can form crystals under experimental conditions, and the success rate of the final crystallization of proteins is only &lt;10%. Although some protein crystallization predictors have been developed, not many tools capable of predicting multi-stage protein crystallization propensity are available and the accuracy of these tools is not satisfactory. In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning framework, named SADeepcry, for predicting protein crystallization propensity. The framework can be used to estimate the three steps (protein material production, purification and crystallization) in protein crystallization experiments and the success rate of the final protein crystallization. SADeepcry uses the optimized self-attention and auto-encoder modules to extract sequence, structure and physicochemical features from the proteins. Compared with other state-of-the-art protein crystallization propensity prediction models, SADeepcry can obtain more complex global spatial long-distance dependence of protein sequence information. Our computational results show that SADeepcry has increased Matthews correlation coefficient and area under the curve, by 100.3% and 13.4%, respectively, over the DCFCrystal method on the benchmark dataset. The codes of SADeepcry are available at https://github.com/zhc940702/SADeepcry.