bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of magnetic fluid thermal coupling of cylindrical heat source based on LBM lattice algorithm
Authors: Wang Jie , Yang Mo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In order to improve the accuracy of numerical simulation of magnetic fluid thermal coupling of cylindrical heat source, a numerical simulation method of magnetic fluid thermal coupling of cylindrical heat source based on LBM grid algorithm was studied. Based on the theoretical model of natural convection and radiative heat dissipation of cylindrical heat source, the boundary conditions were set, and the thermal coupling performance of flow field and temperature field in the process of natural convection and radiative heat dissipation of cylindrical heat source was simulated by LBM grid algorithm. Simulation results show that the relative error between simulation results and experimental results is less than 1.5%. The results show that this method can accurately simulate the magnetofluid-thermal coupling of cylindrical heat source. With the increase of Rayleigh number, different numerical solutions appear: steady state solution when Rayleigh number is 105, periodic oscillation solution when Rayleigh number is 106, chaotic solution when Rayleigh number is 107.
Comparison study of bound states for diatomic molecules using Kratzer, Morse, and modified Morse potentials
Authors: Al-Othman A B , Sandouqa A S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the bound-state energy eigenvalues for several diatomic molecules (O2, I2, N2, H2, CO, NO, LiH, HCl) are computed for various quantum numbers using the shifted 1/N expansion method with the Kratzer, Morse and Modified Morse potentials. Numerical results of the energy eigenvalues for the selected diatomic molecules are discussed. Our results for energy eigenvalues agree perfectly with the results obtained in the literature. A comparative study is performed for four diatomic molecules (H2, N2, CO and HCl) in their ground states using the three potentials.
Gaussian network model revisited: effects of mutation and ligand binding on protein behavior
Authors: Erman Burak 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The coarse-grained Gaussian network model (GNM), considers only the alpha carbons of the folded protein. Therefore it is not directly applicable to the study of mutation or ligand binding problems where atomic detail is required. This shortcoming is improved by including all atom pairs within the coordination shell of each other into the Kirchoff adjacency matrix. Counting all contacts rather than only alpha carbon contacts diminishes the magnitude of fluctuations in the system. But more importantly, it changes the graph-like connectivity structure, i.e., the Kirchoff adjacency matrix of the protein. This change depends on amino acid type which introduces amino acid specific and position specific information into the classical coarse-grained GNM which was originally modeled in analogy with the phantom network model of rubber elasticity. With this modification, it is now possible to explain the consequences of mutation and ligand binding on residue fluctuations, their pair-correlations and mutual information shared by each pair. We refer to the new model as ‘all-atom GNM’. Using examples from published data we show that the all-atom GNM gives B-factors that are in better agreement with experiment, can explain effects of mutation on long range communication in PDZ domains and can predict effects of GDP and GTP binding on the dimerization of KRAS.
SARS-coronavirus-2 infections: biological instabilities characterized by order parameters
Authors: Frank T D 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A four-variable virus dynamics TIIV model was considered that involves infected cells in an eclipse phase. The state space description of the model was transferred into an amplitude space description which is the appropriate general, nonlinear physics framework to describe instabilities. In this context, the unstable eigenvector or order parameter of the model was determined. Subsequently, a model-based analysis of viral load data from eight symptomatic COVID-19 patients was conducted. For all patients, it was found that the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection evolved along the respective patient-specific order parameter, as expected by theoretical considerations. The order parameter amplitude that described the initial virus multiplication showed doubling times between 30 min and 3 h. Peak viral loads of patients were linearly related to the amplitudes of the patient order parameters. Finally, it was found that the patient order parameters determined qualitatively and quantitatively the relationships between the increases in virus-producing infected cells and infected cells in the eclipse phase. Overall, the study echoes the 40 years old suggestion by Mackey and Glass to consider diseases as instabilities.
Impact of electrode position on the dynamic range of a human auditory nerve fiber
Authors: Rattay Frank , Tanzer Thomas 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective. Electrodes of a cochlear implant generate spikes in auditory nerve fibers (ANFs). While the insertion depth of each of the electrodes is linked to a frequency section of the acoustic signal, the amplitude of the stimulating pulses controls the loudness of the related frequency band. However, in comparison to acoustic stimulation the dynamic range (DR) of an electrically stimulated ANF is quite small. Approach. The DR of an electrically stimulated ANF is defined as the interval of stimulus amplitudes that causes firing probabilities between 10% and 90%. A compartment model that includes sodium ion current fluctuations as the stochastic key component for spiking was evaluated for different electrode placements and fiber diameters. Main results. The DR is reversely related to ANF diameter. An increased DR is expected to improve the quality of auditory perception for CI users. Electrodes are often placed as close to the center axis of the cochlea as possible. The analysis of the simulated auditory nerve firing showed that this placement is disadvantageous for the DR of a selected ANF. Significance. Five times larger DRs are expected for electrodes close to the terminal of the dendrite or at mid-dendritic placement as opposed to electrodes close to the modiolus.
Three years of muography at Mount Etna: results and perspectives
Authors: Gallo G. , Lo Presti D. , Bonanno D.L. , Bonanno G. , Ferlito C. , La Rocca P. , Reito S. , Riggi F. , Romeo G. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The summit craters system represents the point of maximum expression of the persistent tectonic activity at Mount Etna volcano. The Muography of Etna Volcano (MEV) project began in 2016 as a pilot project for the successive installation of a permanent muographic observatory. It aims to demonstrate the detector’s capability to observe density anomalies inside the volcanic edifice and monitor their time evolution. The first muon telescope built by the collaboration and installed at the base of the North-East crater from August 2017 to October 2019 was already able to get significant results. This work describes the characteristics of the muon-telescope and summarizes the principal outcomes obtained, with a quick look at the current status of the project and future developments.
Development of high rate and ultrahigh time resolution MRPC for the future time of flight systems
Authors: Yu Y. , Liu J. , Wang Y. , Han D. , Guo B. , Chen X. , Wang B. , Zhang Q. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper reports a 32-gap MRPC built with very thin and low resistivity glasses aiming at a high rate and ultrahigh time resolution. Fast amplifier and waveform digitization systems are employed to achieve a better resolution. This MRPC, with 128 μm thick gaps, reaches a 98% efficiency at 13.3 kV and a time resolution of 16 ps during the cosmic tests. Moreover, we have performed X-ray tests at different particle fluxes. At a rate of 15 kHz/cm2, the efficiency is still above 95% and a time resolution of 20 ps is achieved, which would fulfill the requirements of SoLID ToF system.
Measurement of single event effect cross section induced by monoenergetic protons on a 130 nm ASIC
Authors: Boumediene D. , Jouve F. , Lambert D. , Madar R. , Manen S. , Perrin O. , Royer L. , Soulier A. , Vandaele R. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Designing integrated circuits in radiation environments such as the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) is challenging.
Integrated circuits will be exposed to radiation-induced Single Event Effects (SEE).
In deep sub-micron technology devices, the impact of SEEs can be mitigated by triple modular redundancy.
The triplication of the most sensitive data is used to recover most of the data corruption induced by interacting particles.
One type of SEE, called single event upset (SEU), is studied in this paper. The SEU cross-section and the
performance of the triplication are estimated using an ASIC prototype exposed to a beam of protons.
The SEU cross-section is measured and systematic difference between 1→0 and 0→1 bit flip rates is observed. The efficiency of the mitigation method is investigated.
Source-drain electrical conduction and radiation detection in graphene-based field effect transistor (GFET)
Authors: Torrisi L. , Salvato G. , Cutroneo M. , Librizzi F. , Torrisi A. , Silipigni L. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Electrical measurements on a graphene field effect
transistor (GFET) are presented and discussed for its
characterization in vacuum and in air. In this last environment
three low output power continuous wave (CW) led lasers and a UV lamp
have been used to study the illumination effects at wavelengths from
the near infrared (NIR) to red, green up to near UV. In air the
device is sensitive to visible and UV radiation. The visible light
produces charge carriers increasing the source-drain
current. Instead, the UV radiation induces the graphene oxidation
decreasing the source-drain current in a permanent way. Small
temperature increments, up to about 55∘C, increase the electrical
conduction. Larger temperatures and prolonged heating in air
generate oxidation, decreasing the source-drain current. As
far as the NIR radiation is concerned, no effect is
observed. Therefore, these preliminary investigations indicate that
the device can be employed as visible and UV radiation detector.
Smoke from 2020 United States wildfires responsible for substantial solar energy forecast errors
Authors: Juliano Timothy W , Jiménez Pedro A , Kosović Branko , Eidhammer Trude , Thompson Gregory , Berg Larry K , Fast Jerome , Motley Amber , Polidori Andrea 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The 2020 wildfire season (May through December) in the United States was exceptionally active, with the National Interagency Fire Center reporting over 10 million acres (

>

40 000 km2) burned. During the September 2020 wildfire events, large concentrations of smoke particulates were emitted into the atmosphere. As a result, smoke was responsible for ∼10%–30% reduction in solar power production during peak hours as recorded by the California Independent System Operator (CAISO) sites. In this study, we focus on a 9 d period in September when wildfire smoke had a profound impact on solar energy production. During the smoke episodes, hour-ahead forecasts utilized by CAISO did not include the effects of smoke and therefore overestimated the expected power production by ∼10%–50%. Here we use multiple observational networks and a numerical weather prediction (NWP) model to show that the wildfire events of 2020 had a significantly detrimental influence on solar energy production due to high aerosol loading. We find that including the contribution of biomass burning particles greatly improves the day-ahead solar energy bias forecast of both global horizontal irradiance and direct normal irradiance by nearly ∼50%. Our results suggest that a more comprehensive treatment of aerosols, including biomass burning aerosols, in NWP models may be an important consideration for energy grid balancing, in addition to solar resource assessment, as solar power reliance increases.
The quadric ansatz for the mn-dispersionless KP equation, and supersymmetric Einstein–Weyl spaces
Authors: Dunajski Maciej , Plansangkate Prim 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We consider two multi-dimensional generalisations of the dispersionless Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (dKP) equation, both allowing for arbitrary dimensionality, and non-linearity. For one of these generalisations, we characterise all solutions which are constant on a central quadric. The quadric ansatz leads to a second order ODE which is equivalent to Painlevé I or II for the dKP equation, but fails to pass the Painlevé test in higher dimensions. The second generalisation of the dKP equation leads to a class of Einstein–Weyl (EW) structures in an arbitrary dimension, which is characterised by the existence of a weighted parallel vector field, together with further holonomy reduction. We construct and characterise an explicit new family of EW spaces belonging to this class, and depending on one arbitrary function of one variable.
Study on Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of PM2.5 in the Main Urban Area of Nanjing and Influencing Factors
Authors: Jindong Zhao , Li Yang , Haiyang Ren 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The study used multiple linear regression models and the inverse distance weight interpolation method to construct a regression analysis model of PM2.5 concentration influencing factors based on the measured data of 9 PM2.5 concentration monitoring points in Nanjing from 2012 to 2019, in order to clarify the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of PM2.5 pollution in the main urban area of Nanjing. The results show that industrial land area, arable land area, and the density of food and beverage outlets all contribute to PM2.5 concentration, while forest land area has a certain inhibitory effect on the increase of PM2.5 concentration; simulation results show that PM2.5 concentration in Nanjing’s main urban area is decreasing year by year, and the spatial distribution of PM2.5 is primarily influenced by the density of food and beverage outlets. The modeling findings reveal that PM2.5 concentrations in Nanjing’s main urban region are decreasing year by year, with a “low north and high south” pattern dominating the spatial distribution.
Effect of Hydraulic and Organic Load, in the Removal of Biochemical Oxygen Demand in Wastewater using Biofilter with Vegetable Carbon, in High Andean Climate
Authors: Huamán M M , Rosas Y W , Depaz K F 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Generating new sustainable alternatives in the design of trickling filters for rural populations is necessary to improve the quality of discharges and optimize the design of secondary treatment units. The study determined the impact of hydraulic and organic charge on the removal of BOD in the environment charcoal biofilter. Biofilters prototypes were implemented at scale with charcoal filter medium on different surfaces that vary from 0.12 to 0.25 m2, carried out at an elevation of 2100 meters above sea level, the final concentration most effective in removing BOD obtained hydraulic load of 2.34 to 4.76 m3m−2d−1 and the organic load between 0.27 to 0.56 kg DBO m−3. The results of the Biofilter experiments determined that the hydraulic load generated a better distribution and mixing of the residual water throughout the trickling bed, achieving a good reaction and effective combination between the water that entered and the amount of air required to complete the aerobic process. and to achieve the removal of BOD, the organic load obtained in the measurements concentrates enough biomass that helps in the formation of the biofilm, for which it is concluded that this criterion has a determining effect on the reduction of organic matter in domestic wastewater, it is confirmed that the charcoal biofilter is efficient and can be used in small systems of wastewater treatment plants.
Antimicrobial Resistant Escherichia coli Distribution along the Lower Part of the Chao Phraya River, Thailand
Authors: Sweattatut Rawiwan , Boontanon Suwanna Kitpati , Piyaviriyakul Pitchaya , Harada Hidenori , Fujii Shigeo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Currently, antimicrobial drugs are not eliminated during the wastewater treatment process, especially in developing countries where antimicrobial drugs are used with less controls. An increase in contamination from effluent entering river systems is a major contributor to antimicrobial drug resistance and the spread of antimicrobial-resistant genes throughout rivers. This study aims to investigate the occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) and evaluate the impact of urbanization on the distribution of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli along the lower part of the Chao Phraya River in Thailand. It was found that the geometric mean E. coli concentration was 624 CFU/100 mL. In addition, the geometric mean concentrations of E. coli resistant to cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin were 86 and 182 CFU/ 100 mL, respectively. A positive correlation coefficient was found between the concentration of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli and the number of population. The concentrations of E. coli were significantly positively correlated with antimicrobial-resistant E. coli (R = 0.950, P < 0.001). Therefore, this study indicated that antimicrobial-resistant E. coli were widely distributed in the Chao Phraya River with the highest concentrations in the Bangkok metropolitan area. These populations have been linked to an increase in antimicrobial-resistant E. coli contamination.
Bi-Level Programming-Based Regional Ecological Management Model in Xiamen
Authors: Fang L C , Gao P P , Li Y P , Wang S G 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The shortage of land resources, ecological damage and pollutant discharge pose great challenges to the sustainable development of Xiamen. In this study, a bi-level programming (BP) is developed to manage the regional ecosystem of reclamation (REM). BP can balance the trade-off between the two decision makers, including maximizing the system benefit as the upper level goal, maximizing the ecological service value as the lower level goal, and constructing the regional ecosystem management system model in Xiamen. The main research results are: (i) Carbon fixation, oxygen release and water conservation are the main ecological service value of ecosystem; (ii) The system benefits would reduce by 15.3%, while the ecological service value would increase by 17.6%; (iii) Compared with single level model, COD, NH3-N, SO2, solid waste emissions could reduce by 32.8%, 9.0%, 16.1%, 24.7% and 31.5% respectively.
Satisfaction Survey of Environmental Basic Public Services and Study on Influencing Factors in New-type Urbanization Areas
Authors: Haiyang Ren , Hancong Zhu , Min Wang , Xuelei Zhang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The environmental basic public service is the environmental livelihood guarantee and support service provided by the government for the public. The paper evaluates basic environmental public services from the perspective of public satisfaction. The revised questionnaires are handed out in Suqian of Jiangsu Province, where 275 valid questionnaires are collected. For further analysis, the study use SPSS 22.0 to evaluate environment basic public service satisfaction, and identify the influencing factors. The results show that the level of residents’ environmental basic public service satisfaction is average. However, the residents are more satisfied with the he service of the people’s livelihood and infrastructure services than with the environmental monitoring -supervision services and information service. Environmental participation has a significant positive effect on satisfaction with environmental basic public service, while age and education level have significant negative effects on satisfaction of environmental basic public service. The study believes that important measures such as strengthening community environmental publicity and education, improving the openness of environmental information and public participation in the environment should be taken to effectively improve residents’ satisfaction with various types of environmental basic public services.
A Post-occupancy Evaluation of Occupant Satisfaction in Green and Conventional Higher Educational Buildings
Authors: Zhao Yuanhong , Yang Qingping 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Post-occupancy evaluation (POE) is a method for measuring building performance in terms of meeting design intent, and identifying any gaps between actual and modelled performances in the of aspects indoor environmental quality (IEQ), occupant satisfaction, energy consumption, etc. In this paper, a structured POE assessment was conducted using the Building Use Survey (BUS) methodology in two higher educational buildings in the United Kingdom. This study aims to help close the building performance gap, optimize building operation systems, and improve occupants’ satisfaction levels. In this research, the questionnaire survey investigated the influences of environmental factors on user satisfaction from the main aspects of building overall design, thermal comfort, perceived control, indoor environment quality for noise, lighting, ventilation, and other non-environmental factors, such as the background information about age, gender, time in buildings, workgroup size, and so on. The results indicate that the occupant satisfaction with the main aspects of building overall design, indoor environment quality, and thermal comfort in summer and winter in both buildings is lower than the benchmark data. The feedback of this POE assessment has been reported to the building management team to allow managers to develop high-performance building operation guidelines to narrow down the performance gap and improve user satisfaction, comfort, and productivity.
Efficacy Analysis of Urban Planning Scenarios for Flood Mitigation with Low Impact Development Technologies Using SWMM: A Case Study in Saitama City, Japan
Authors: Uchiyama S , Bhattacharya Y , Nakamura H 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
LID (Low impact Development) has been widely promoted as a measure against urban flooding which has been recently increasing due to urbanization and climate change. However, studies that consider the combined effects of spatially distributing multiple LIDs simultaneously in an urban area of specific size as urban planning scenarios are few. In this study, two cases of past rainfall data (short duration and long duration heavy rainfall), are used to simulate the effects of 3 different urban planning scenarios of distributed LID (i.e. combined LIDs implementable at the 1) building-level, 2) in open spaces, and 3) combined implementation of both 1&2), in addition to simulating for separate implementation of each LID type using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). The results show that in the case of short duration heavy rainfall, all 3 LID scenarios provide a greater decrease in the rate of flood volume with comparison to the case of long duration heavy rainfall. This points to the fact that LIDs have a high potential to mitigate flood volumes resulting from short duration heavy rainfall - the type of rainfall which has become more frequent recently. Furthermore, the paper also organizes the LID types according to their implementability under different urban planning scenarios, and shows that such combined use of LIDs results in higher flood mitigation efficacy.