bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Locus Coeruleus Shows a Spatial Pattern of Structural Disintegration in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Madelung Christopher F. , Meder David , Fuglsang Søren A. , Marques Marta M. , Boer Vincent O. , Madsen Kristoffer H. , Petersen Esben T. , Hejl Anne‐Mette , Løkkegaard Annemette , Siebner Hartwig R. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) causes a loss of neuromelanin‐positive, noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC), which has been implicated in nonmotor dysfunction.ObjectivesWe used “neuromelanin sensitive” magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to localize structural disintegration in the LC and its association with nonmotor dysfunction in PD.MethodsA total of 42 patients with PD and 24 age‐matched healthy volunteers underwent magnetization transfer weighted (MTw) MRI of the LC. The contrast‐to‐noise ratio of the MTw signal (CNRMTw) was used as an index of structural LC integrity. We performed slicewise and voxelwise analyses to map spatial patterns of structural disintegration, complemented by principal component analysis (PCA). We also tested for correlations between regional CNRMTw and severity of nonmotor symptoms.ResultsMean CNRMTw of the right LC was reduced in patients relative to controls. Voxelwise and slicewise analyses showed that the attenuation of CNRMTw was confined to the right mid‐caudal LC and linked regional CNRMTw to nonmotor symptoms. CNRMTw attenuation in the left mid‐caudal LC was associated with the orthostatic drop in systolic blood pressure, whereas CNRMTw attenuation in the caudal most portion of right LC correlated with apathy ratings. PCA identified a bilateral component that was more weakly expressed in patients. This component was characterized by a gradient in CNRMTw along the rostro‐caudal and dorso‐ventral axes of the nucleus. The individual expression score of this component reflected the overall severity of nonmotor symptoms.ConclusionA spatially heterogeneous disintegration of LC in PD may determine the individual expression of specific nonmotor symptoms such as orthostatic dysregulation or apathy. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson Movement Disorder Society.
The Contribution of Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation to the Improvement in Motor Functions and Quality of Life
Authors: Tödt Inken , Al‐Fatly Bassam , Granert Oliver , Kühn Andrea A. , Krack Paul , Rau Joern , Timmermann Lars , Schnitzler Alfons , Paschen Steffen , Helmers Ann‐Kristin , Hartmann Andreas , Bardinet Eric , Schuepbach Michael , Barbe Michael T. , Dembek Till A. , Fraix Valerie , Kübler Dorothee , Brefel‐Courbon Christine , Gharabaghi Alireza , Wojtecki Lars , Pinsker Marcus O. , Thobois Stephane , Damier Philippe , Witjas Tatiana , Houeto Jean‐Luc , Schade‐Brittinger Carmen , Vidailhet Marie , Horn Andreas , Deuschl Günther 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundSubthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN‐DBS) effectively treats motor symptoms and quality of life (QoL) of advanced and fluctuating early Parkinson's disease. Little is known about the relation between electrode position and changes in symptom control and ultimately QoL.ObjectivesThe relation between the stimulated part of the STN and clinical outcomes, including the motor score of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and the quality‐of‐life questionnaire, was assessed in a subcohort of the EARLYSTIM study.MethodsSixty‐nine patients from the EARLYSTIM cohort who underwent DBS, with a comprehensive clinical characterization before and 24 months after surgery, were included. Intercorrelations of clinical outcome changes, correlation between the affected functional parts of the STN, and changes in clinical outcomes were investigated. We further calculated sweet spots for different clinical parameters.ResultsImprovements in the UPDRS III and Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ‐39) correlated positively with the extent of the overlap with the sensorimotor STN. The sweet spots for the UPDRS III (x = 11.6,y = −13.1,z= −6.3) and the PDQ‐39 differed (x = 14.8,y = −12.4,z= −4.3) ~3.8 mm.ConclusionsThe main influence of DBS on QoL is likely mediated through the sensory‐motor basal ganglia loop. The PDQ sweet spot is located in a posteroventral spatial location in the STN territory. For aspects of QoL, however, there was also evidence of improvement through stimulation of the other STN subnuclei. More research is necessary to customize the DBS target to individual symptoms of each patient. © 2022 The Authors.Movement Disorderspublished by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Cranberry Proanthocyanidin and Its Microbial Metabolite 3,4‐Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid, but Not 3‐(4‐Hydroxyphenyl)‐Propionic Acid, Partially Reverse Pro‐Inflammatory microRNA Responses in Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Lofft Zoe , Taibi Amel , Massara Paraskevi , Tokar Tomas , Paetau‐Robinson Inke , Khoo Christina , Comelli Elena M. 
Published: February 2022

ScopeThe molecular basis underlying the anti‐inflammatory and anticarcinogenic properties of cranberries is incompletely understood. The effects of a cranberry proanthocyanidin‐rich extract (PAC) and two of its gut microbial metabolites, 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DHPAA) and 3‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐propionic acid (HPPA), on intestinal epithelial cells microRNA (miRNA) expression and their downstream pathways at homeostasis and in inflammatory conditions, are investigated.Methods and ResultsThe expression of 799 miRNAs is quantitatively assessed in differentiated Caco‐2BBe1 cells pre‐treated with PAC, DHPAA, or HPPA and stimulated with interleukin (IL)‐1β or not. PAC, DHPAA, and HPPA generate subsets of shared and distinct miRNA responses. At homeostasis, miRNAs affected by the metabolites, but not PAC, targeted genes enriched in kinase, Wnt, and growth factor signaling, cell growth and proliferation, apoptosis, and specific cancer pathways. In an inflammatory environment, PAC and DHPAA, but not HPPA, reverses the expression of 16 and two IL‐1β‐induced miRNAs, respectively, regulating inflammatory and cancer pathways.ConclusionmiRNA modulation is a novel mechanism for PAC bioactivity in the gut. The gut microbiota may be necessary to unlock these effects at homeostasis and partially in inflammation.
Pad test for urinary incontinence diagnosis in adults: Systematic review of diagnostic test accuracy
Authors: Medeiros Araujo Camilla , de Morais Nívea Rosa , Sacomori Cinara , de Sousa Dantas Diego 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe pad test is an assessment tool for urinary incontinence (UI) severity classification and therapeutic response monitoring. However, the reliability and reproducibility of this test have been questioned.ObjectivesTo summarize the evidence regarding the accuracy measures and reproducibility of different pad test protocols for assessing UI.MethodsA systematic review of the diagnostic accuracy of this tool was performed (CRD42020219392). Eligibility criteria: Studies reporting data on the accuracy measures and reproducibility of the pad test when used for detecting UI in adult men and women. Data sources: MEDLINE, Science Direct, Cochrane, Web of Science, LILACS, and Pedro. Data extraction and synthesis: Two reviewers independently screened the articles, extracted the data, and evaluated the risk of bias (RoB) using the QUADAS‐2 tool.ResultsFrom 1048 studies, 18 studies were included. Eight of these reported accuracy data, and 12 reported reproducibility properties. A total of 1070 individuals were analyzed, whose mean age ranged from 20 to 90 years. The accuracy of the long‐duration protocols was generally moderate to high (sensitivity, 60%–93%; specificity, 60%–84%). The 1‐h protocols obtained higher accuracy values. The overall reproducibility was moderate to high (κ ≥ 0.66).LimitationsThe RoB was high and, due to different cutoff points adopted by studies, the bivariate model was not satisfied to perform a meta‐analysis.DiscussionThe 1‐h pad test was more accurate but less reproducible when compared to the long‐duration tests. Pad test results should be used with caution in clinical practice.
Experiences of urinary tract infection: A systematic review and meta‐ethnography
Authors: Izett‐Kay Matthew , Barker Karen L. , McNiven Abigail , Toye Francine 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTo understand the experience of urinary tract infection (UTI) by synthesizing primary qualitative research findings and developing a conceptual model that illustrates this experience.MethodA systematic search of Medline, PsychInfo, Embase, and CINAHL from inception to August 2020 to find qualitative research exploring the experience of UTI. Qualitative evidence synthesis in the form of meta‐ethnography was undertaken. Findings are reported in keeping with eMERGe guidance.ResultsWe included 16 qualitative studies in the synthesis of evidence, providing data from over 1038 participants aged 13–97 years. We developed nine themes: the impact of UTI on my whole body; impact on quality of life, activities, and the associated psychological toll; I know my body and my experience has taught me when I need to seek care; worry and the transition to medicalization; antibiotics are a valuable treatment approach; antibiotics are a last resort; being heard, seen, and cared for with dignity; self‐judgment; and the end of the road, a need for information and cure. These themes supported a conceptual model to illustrate the patient experience of UTI.ConclusionsThe conceptual model communicates the wide and varied symptoms of patients' UTI experiences and how they process this and make care decision based on past health experiences. For some, there appears to be a sense of hopelessness and frustration. This model may be used to highlight the need for improvements in diagnostic and treatment pathways. Future research to further understand the nuances of acute, recurrent, and persistent UTI is needed.
First application of a new seismo‐electric streamer for combined resistivity and seismic measurements along linearly extended earth structures
Authors: Arato A. , Vagnon F. , Comina C. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTLinearly extended earth structures (e.g., river embankments and earth dams) require specific characterization tools to efficiently evaluate stability conditions along their relevant extensions. For this aim, geophysical surveys, both seismic and electric, are commonly used and considered complementary to geotechnical investigations. They provide imaging of parameter variations along the whole structures and not just local information in correspondence of boreholes. Improvements in these survey methodologies can further increase the application of these geophysical methods, eventually also as fast‐screening characterization tools. In this paper, the first application of a new seismo‐electric streamer, specifically designed for these aims, is presented. The developed streamer allows the contemporary acquisition of seismic and electric data while being dragged along the investigated structure. The technical solutions adopted for its construction are briefly described, and its application to the characterization of an embankment is presented. The results obtained with this new system are comparable with usually adopted investigation tools with the advantage of reduced survey time and increased efficiency.
Interfacial stress transfer factor and tensile strength of polymer halloysite nanotubes systems
Authors: Zare Yasser , Rhee Kyong Yop 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEven though numerous papers have studied the mechanical properties of polymer halloysite nanotubes (HNT) nanocomposites by experimental characterizations, only a few researchers have simulated the characteristics of these materials. Moreover, the previous papers have disregarded the interphase features for the mechanical performance of HNT‐reinforced systems. In this article, two simple models are progressed for tensile strength of HNT‐based nanocomposites supposing HNT size and interphase section. The models' calculations are linked to the measured data and the characters of all factors in the strength are explained. In addition, the advanced models are used to define the “s” as interfacial stress transfer factor for HNT‐filled nanocomposites. The influences of various factors on the “s” are validated to approve the novel equation. All forecasts appropriately follow the measured data at various HNT loadings. “s,” interfacial shear strength, interphase thickness, and HNT length directly control the nanocomposite's strength, but HNT radius and polymer's strength have inverse effects. Additionally, the highest value of interfacial shear strength produces the maximum level of “s,” but HNT size negligibly manipulates the “s.”
Teachers' experiences with K‐12 students' mental health
Authors: Deaton Jennifer D. , Ohrt Jonathan H. , Linich Kathryn , Wymer Brooke , Toomey Mitchell , Lewis Olivia , Guest Jessie D. , Newton Therese 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore teachers’ experiences of student mental health concerns (SMHC) in the classroom. In this consensual qualitative research (CQR) study, we explored 12 teachers’ experiences related to their SMHCs in the classroom. Five domains emerged from this CQR study: (1) Teachers' Responses to Student Mental Health Concerns, (2) Teachers’ Perceptions of Preparedness in Addressing Student Mental Health, (3) Teacher Identified Preparation Needs to Addressing Student Mental Health, (4) Divergent Experiences of Support for Student Mental Health, and (5) Student Mental Health Influences. Overall, teachers lack the training and support to address SMHC in the classroom, resulting in numerous attempts of trial and error. These participants emphasize the need for training in SMHCs commonly found in children and adolescents coupled with classroom strategies to support these students' needs.
The natural isoflavone Biochanin‐A synergizes 5‐fluorouracil anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo in Ehrlich solid‐phase carcinoma model
Authors: Mahmoud Mohamed , Abdollah Maha R. A. , Elsesy Mohamed E. , Abou El Ella Dalal A. , Zada Suher K. , Tolba Mai F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIsoflavones are considered one of the most extensively studied plant‐derived phytoestrogenic compounds. Of these, Biochanin A (Bio‐A), a natural isoflavone abundant in cabbage, alfalfa, and red clover, has drawn a lot of attention. As reported in multiple studies, Bio‐A possesses a promising anticancer activity against estrogen receptor–positive (ER+)  breast cancer. The current study investigated the working hypothesis that Bio‐A could synergistically enhance the potency of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in ER+ breast cancer. The hypothesis was tested both in vitro on hormone receptor–positive (MCF‐7) and triple‐negative breast cancer cells (MDA‐MB231). Additionally, in vivo studies were performed in the Ehrlich solid‐phase carcinoma mouse model. The in vitro cytotoxicity studies revealed that Bio‐A synergistically increased the potency of 5‐FU in both MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB231 cell lines. The synergistic effect of 5‐FU/Bio‐A combination was verified in vivo. The combination therapy (where 5‐FU was used at one fourth its full dose) led to a significant 75% reduction in tumor volume after two treatment cycles. This was in addition to producing a significant 2.1‐fold increase in tumor necrosis area% compared to mock‐treated control. In conclusion, the current study presents the first preclinical evidence for the potential merit of 5‐FU/Bio‐A combination for the treatment of ER+ breast cancer. The synergistic antitumor effect of Bio‐A/ 5‐FU combination can be, at least partly, attributed to Bio‐A‐mediated suppression of ER‐α/Akt axis and the augmentation of 5‐FU‐mediated proapoptotic effects. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The nature compound dehydrocrenatidine exerts potent antihepatocellular carcinoma by destroying mitochondrial complexes in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Hou Zi‐Lin , Han Feng‐Ying , Lou Li‐Li , Zhao Wen‐Yu , Huang Xiao‐Xiao , Yao Guo‐Dong , Song Shao‐Jiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCumulative evidence indicates that mitochondria dysfunction plays an important role in tumour treatment. Given the limited efficacy and toxicity of current mitochondria‐targeted drugs, research into effective mitochondria‐targeted anticancer agents remains an irresistible general trend. In this study, it was found that dehydrocrenatidine (DEC), a β‐carbolin alkaloid isolated from Picrasma quassiodes, displays a promising growth inhibitory effect in vitro and in vivo by inducing apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Mechanistically, we provided that the possible target of DEC against HCC cells was determined by isobaric labels for relative and absolute quantification assay and validated them using further experiments. The results suggested that DEC can target and regulate the function of mitochondrial complexes I, III and IV, affecting oxidative phosphorylation and ultimately leading to mitochondrial dysfunction to exert its anti‐HCC effects. In addition, the combination of DEC and sorafenib showed a synergistic effect and was also associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Importantly, DEC did not show significant toxicity in mice. This study provided a new insight into underlying mechanisms in DEC‐treated HCC cells, suggesting that DEC might be a mitochondrial targeting lead compound.
Mixed‐effects model for reliability assessment of dump trucks in heterogeneous operating environment: A case study
Authors: Allahkarami Zeynab , Sayadi Ahmad Reza , Ghodrati Behzad 
Published: February 2022

AbstractReliability of mining equipment is influenced by different operational and environmental risk factors. However, in practice, including all relevant factors in reliability analysis is not possible. Ignoring the risk factors leads to unobserved heterogeneity and biased estimation of reliability characteristics. This research proposes a semi‐parametric mixed‐effects model to assess the simultaneous effects of observed and unobserved risk factors on reliability. Furthermore, the model can be used for investigating inter‐cluster dependency and variability. To illustrate the model, a comprehensive case study is presented using data from three mines in Iran. The results show that the model can address the effect of unobserved risk factors. Moreover, it is found that the hazard of dump trucks is significantly associated with operator skill, season and the elevation difference between dumping and loading points.
Lenalidomide in cancer cachexia: a randomized trial of an anticancer drug applied for anti‐cachexia
Authors: Blum David , Hertler Caroline , Oberholzer Rolf , de Wolf‐Linder Susanne , Joerger Markus , Driessen Christoph , Strasser Florian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundCancer cachexia (CC) impacts quality of life, physical function, anticancer treatment response, and survival. Inflammation is a prominent pathomechanism of CC. This small‐scale study sets out to investigate the immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide in inflammatory CC in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial.MethodsPatients with advanced solid malignancies, documented weight loss, no or unchanged anticancer treatment, and C‐reactive protein > 30 mg/L were included. In a 2:2:1 randomization, patients received either lenalidomide 25 mg once daily or C‐reactive protein‐guided dose, starting with 5 mg lenalidomide once daily or placebo once a day for 8 weeks. Dose adaption and safety were assessed twice a week. Treatment response was defined as an increase of lean body mass of more than 2% in a lower lumbar computed tomography and an increase in dynamometer‐assessed handgrip strength of 4 kg. Secondary endpoints included adverse events, C‐reactive protein response, nutritional intake, and symptoms.ResultsOf 24 eligible patients, 16 were included (25% female). At baseline, the mean age was 67 (range 51–88) years, and mean body weight was 64.7 kg (range 39.8–87.2 kg). Five were diagnosed with mesothelioma, two with non‐small‐cell lung cancer, two with renal cell carcinoma, two with neuroendocrine tumours, and five with other malignancies. Mean survival was 43 days. Eleven adverse events (four of which were severe) were recorded with a probable link to study participation. Nine patients completed the study. No participant showed a treatment response. C‐reactive protein‐guided dosing did not result in lower doses of lenalidomide. Lean body mass decreased less in the treatment groups. For the lenalidomide and placebo groups respectively, handgrip strength decreased by 2.3 vs. 5.5 kg, nutritional intake decreased by 249 vs. 32 kcal/day, and C‐reactive protein increased by 35 mg/dL vs. decreased by 17 mg/dL. The study was closed prematurely due to slow accrual and the need for concurrent anticancer treatments.ConclusionsNo treatment response on muscle mass and muscle strength was observed with lenalidomide. Because of several limiting factors, including low recruitment caused in part by an ambitious study design and concomitant anticancer treatment, this study did not generate adequate data to draw reliable conclusions.
Cavitary pulmonary lesions following emerging lophomoniasis: A novel perspective
Authors: Taheri Amirmasoud , Fakhar Mahdi , Sharifpour Ali , Banimostafavi Elham Sadat 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this article, we report a patient referred to the clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari, Mazandaran, northern Iran, with a 3‐month complaint of chronic cough and weight loss. According to the chest computed tomography scan, a cavity was detected in the upper lobe of the patient's left lung. The patient had no history of smoking or underlying diseases that predisposed him to cavitation, including tuberculosis. Then, bronchoscopy was performed for the patient, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was sent to the Iranian National Registry Center for lophomoniasis, and Lophomonas blattarum was detected in samples. Finally, the patient's symptoms were totally resolved by prescribing third‐daily metronidazole for 2 weeks.
SARS‐CoV‐2‐related and Covid‐19 vaccine‐induced thromboembolic events: A comparative review
Authors: Afshar Zeinab Mohseni , Barary Mohammad , Babazadeh Arefeh , Hosseinzadeh Rezvan , Alijanpour Amirmasoud , Miri Seyed Rouhollah , Sio Terence T. , Sullman Mark J. M. , Carson‐Chahhoud Kristin , Langer Florian , Ebrahimpour Soheil 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSince the start of the pandemic, thrombotic events have been a well‐known and severe complication associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. Nevertheless, the initiation of vaccination programs brought another rare yet highly fatal thrombotic event, vaccine‐induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopaenia, which has caused extensive debate regarding the safety of vaccines. This review defines the thromboembolic events following infection and vaccination, identifies their risk factors, describes their pathophysiology, and discusses their management, treatment, and prevention.