bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of infections and their role on subsequent mortality in biopsy‐proven alcohol‐related liver disease
Authors: Hagström Hannes , Thiele Maja , Simon Tracey G. , Sharma Rajani , Röckert Tjernberg Anna , Roelstraete Bjorn , Söderling Jonas , Ludvigsson Jonas F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThe risk for infection in alcohol‐related liver disease (ALD) has rarely been investigated at a population level, nor if the underlying liver histopathology is associated with infection risk. We examined the rate of hospital‐based infections in a nationwide cohort of biopsy‐proven ALD, and the subsequent risk of death.MethodsPopulation‐based cohort study in Sweden comparing 4028 individuals with an international classification of disease (ICD) code for ALD and a liver biopsy from 1969 to 2017 with 19,296 matched general population individuals. Swedish national registers were used to ascertain incident infections in secondary or tertiary care and subsequent mortality until 2019. We used Cox regression, adjusted for sex, age, education, country of birth, diabetes, and number of hospitalizations in the year preceding liver biopsy date, to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) in ALD and histopathological subgroups compared to reference individuals.ResultsMedian age at ALD diagnosis was 59 years, 65% were men and 59% had cirrhosis at baseline. Infections were more common in patients with ALD (84 cases/1000 person‐years [PY]) compared to reference individuals (29/1000 PYs; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 3.06, 95% CI = 2.85–3.29). This excess risk corresponded to one additional infection per 18 ALD patients each year.The rate of infections was particularly high in individuals with cirrhosis (aHR = 3.46) and in those with decompensation (aHR = 5.20). Restricting our data to those with an infection, ALD (aHR = 3.63, 95%CI = 3.36–3.93), and especially ALD cirrhosis (aHR = 4.31, 95%CI = 3.89–4.78) were linked to subsequent death.ConclusionsIndividuals with biopsy‐proven ALD have a three‐fold increased rate of infections compared with the general population. The risk of death after an infection is also considerably higher in individuals with ALD.
Ca2Ga4Ge6 and Ca3Ga4Ge6: Synthesis, Structure, and Electronic Properties
Authors: Hodge Kelsey L. , Davis H. Olivia , Koster Karl G. , Windl Wolfgang , Moore Curtis E. , Goldberger Joshua E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDuring the search for transition metal‐free alkyne hydrogenation catalysts, two new ternary Ca−Ga−Ge phases, Ca2Ga4Ge6 (Cmc21, a=4.1600(10) Å, b=23.283(5) Å, c=10.789(3) Å) and Ca3Ga4Ge6 (C2/m, a=24.063(2) Å, b=4.1987(4) Å, c=10.9794(9) Å, β=91.409(4)°), were discovered. These compounds are isostructural to the previously established Yb2Ga4Ge6 and Yb3Ga4Ge6 analogues, and according to Zintl‐Klemm counting rules, consist of anionic [Ga4Ge6]4− and [Ga4Ge6]6− frameworks in which every Ga and Ge atom would have a formal octet with no Ga−Ga or Ga−Ge π‐bonding. These compounds are metallic, based on temperature dependent electrical resistivity and thermopower measurements for Ca3Ga4Ge6, along with density functional theory calculations for both phases. Unlike the highly active 13‐layer trigonal CaGaGe phase, these new compounds exhibit minimal activity in the semi/full alkyne hydrogenation of phenylacetylene, which is consistent with previous observations that the lack of a formal octet for framework atoms is essential for catalysis in these Zintl‐Klemm compounds.
Direct Higgs-top CP-phase measurement with $$ t\overline{t}h $$ at the 14 TeV LHC and 100 TeV FCC
Authors: Gonçalves Dorival , Kim Jeong Han , Kong Kyoungchul , Wu Yongcheng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The study of the Higgs boson’s properties is a cornerstone of the LHC and future collider programs. In this paper, we examine the potential to directly probe the Higgs-top interaction strength and CP-structure in the $$ t\overline{t}h $$
t

t
¯

h
channel with the Higgs boson decaying to bottom-quark pairs and top-quarks in the di-leptonic mode. We adopt the BDRS algorithm to tag the boosted Higgs and exploit the M2-assisted reconstruction to compute observables sensitive to the CP-phase at the $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

rest frame, where the new physics sensitivity can be enhanced. Performing a side-band analysis at the LHC to control the continuum $$ t\overline{t}b\overline{b} $$
t

t
¯

b

b
¯

background, we find that the Higgs-top strength and CP-phase can be probed up to $$ {\delta}_{\kappa_t} $$

δ

κ
t

≲ 20% and |α| ≲ 36° at 95% CL, respectively. We also derive that a similar analysis at a 100 TeV future collider could further improve the precision to $$ {\delta}_{\kappa_t} $$

δ

κ
t

≲ 1% and |α| ≲ 1.5°, where the CP-odd observables play a crucial role, boosting the sensitivity on the CP-phase.
Off-shell extended graphic rule and the expansion of Berends-Giele currents in Yang-Mills theory
Authors: Wu Konglong , Du Yi-Jian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Tree-level color-ordered Yang-Mills (YM) amplitudes can be decomposed in terms of (n − 2)! bi-scalar (BS) amplitudes, whose expansion coefficients form a basis of Bern-Carrasco-Johansson (BCJ) numerators. By the help of the recursive expansion of Einstein-Yang-Mills (EYM) amplitudes, the BCJ numerators are given by polynomial functions of Lorentz contractions which are conveniently described by graphic rule. In this work, we extend the expansion of YM amplitudes to off-shell level. We define different types of off-shell extended numerators that can be generated by graphs. By the use of these extended numerators, we propose a general decomposition formula of off-shell Berends-Giele currents in YM. This formula consists of three terms: (i). an effective current which is expanded as a combination of the Berends-Giele currents in BS theory (The expansion coefficients are one type of off-shell extended numerators) (ii). a term proportional to the total momentum of on-shell lines and (iii). a term expressed by the sum of lower point Berends-Giele currents in which some polarizations and momenta are replaced by vectors proportional to off-shell momenta appropriately. In the on-shell limit, the last two terms vanish while the decomposition of effective current precisely reproduces the decomposition of on-shell YM amplitudes with the expected coefficients (BCJ numerators in DDM basis). We further symmetrize these coefficients such that the Lie symmetries are satisfied. These symmetric BCJ numerators simultaneously satisfy the relabeling property of external lines and the algebraic properties (antisymmetry and Jacobi identity).
Mechanical failure of total hip arthroplasties and associated risk factors
Authors: Bäcker Henrik C. , Wu Chia H. , Kienzle Arne , Perka Carsten , Gwinner Clemens 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Mechanical failure of total hip arthroplasties is a rare but devastating complication. With increasing numbers in primary arthroplasty implantation, revision surgeries are indicated more often. Therefore, understanding the mechanism and the location of failure is essential in determining proper treatment. Aim of this study was to identify mechanical failures of all total hip arthroplasties performed in a major academic center as well as the associated risk factors such as BMI and sports.

Methods
A retrospective trial was conducted using our prospective arthroplasty database. Database was searched for all patients presenting with mechanical failures of total hip arthroplasty (THA) to the emergency department between 2011 and 2019. All medical charts and radiographs as well as surgical reports were analyzed to identify demographics, implant choice in addition to location of failure and subsequent treatment.

Results
In total, 13 patients suffering from mechanical total hip implant failure were found. The femoral neck (conus) was broken in four patients, the stem in five cases, one broken inlay, two cup failures and one conus dislocation. The mean BMI was 31.42 ± 5.29 kg/m2 including five patients who have obesity class II. In all cases, revision surgeries were indicated. No structural causes or underlying risk factors such as repeated physical load (i.e. in sports) were identified.

Conclusion
Implant failure does not seem to correlate with participation in sports or BMI. Catastrophic failure of implants is a technical challenge requiring special extraction instruments that can be difficult even for experienced surgeons. It should be noted that functional outcome is often worse for this group of patients after surgery than comparing against those revised for loosening.

Level of evidence.
III, Retrospective Trial.
An integrated model of school students’ academic achievement and life satisfaction. Linking soft skills, extracurricular activities, self-regulated learning, motivation, and emotions
Authors: Feraco Tommaso , Resnati Dario , Fregonese Davide , Spoto Andrea , Meneghetti Chiara 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe role of soft skills at school is still debated, but they have emerged as important factors for students’ academic achievement and life satisfaction. This study focuses on the combined influence of soft skills (in terms of adaptability, curiosity, leadership, initiative, perseverance, and social awareness), extracurricular activities, achievement emotions, self-regulated learning, motivation, and cognitive abilities on academic achievement and life satisfaction. A sample of 603 students (5th to 12th graders) participated in the study. The results of a Bayesian path analysis based on meta-analytical priors show that soft skills were (i) directly positively associated with students’ achievement emotions, self-regulated learning, motivation, and life satisfaction and (ii) indirectly related with academic achievement through the mediation of self-regulated learning and motivation. On the other hand, only soft skills and achievement emotions were directly related to life satisfaction. Extracurricular activities showed a positive association with both soft skills and cognitive abilities. These results are the first to demonstrate the importance of soft skills and extracurricular activities when integrating all the above-mentioned factors in a model of students’ academic achievement and life satisfaction.
Unveiling unresolved stellar components from photometry
Authors: Messina Sergio , Monard Berto 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSpace-born missions designed to search for exo-planets are providing us with high-precision photometric time series very well suited to measure the rotation period of solar- and lower-mass stars. Considering the large number of stars monitored during the mission life, the possibility to inspect each periodogram is out of question and, therefore, each method to search for rotation periods applied either individually or in combination is designed to automatically select the best rotation period estimate. In the case of unresolved binary stars it is possible to measure the rotation period of both components, when these are both variable and have comparable magnitude. On the other hand, the detection of two different rotation periods from the same photometric timeseries can represents a tool to unveil the binary nature of the star. In this paper, we present the case of the star TWA 23, a member of the young TWA association, as just one example of numerous cases. These may occur when the star is an unresolved binary and the variability of the secondary component is present in the time series. However, the frequency of the primary and dominant power peak in the periodogram, originating from the primary component, needs to be pre-whitened to allow the frequency of the secondary component to be detected. Considering the possible presence of undiscovered close binaries in the input catalogs of various ongoing or future missions aimed at exoplanet search, it becomes advisable to follow routinely this filtering approach to prevent to miss relevant information on the true binary nature of stars.
Cyanobacteria species dominance and diversity in three Australian drinking water reservoirs
Authors: Rousso Benny Zuse , Bertone Edoardo , Stewart Rodney A. , Hughes Sara P. , Hobson Peter , Hamilton David P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study was to identify correlations between environmental variables and cyanobacterial diversity, succession and dominance in three Australian water supply reservoirs. We assessed up to 15 years of in-lake water quality monitoring data from Lake Wivenhoe and Lake Tingalpa (Queensland), and Lake Myponga (South Australia). Lakes Wivenhoe and Tingalpa, subject to a subtropical climate, had higher cyanobacterial richness than Lake Myponga in temperate South Australia. Richness in the subtropical lakes was positively correlated (P < 0.05) with total cyanobacteria biomass, and cyanobacteria biovolume > 0.03 mm3/l (Alert level 1; World Health Organization) was often composed of multiple cyanobacteria species. Peaks in total cyanobacteria biomass and diversity occurred in all three lakes from late spring to early autumn. Unicellular picocyanobacterial dominance was negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with total nitrogen while dominance of colonial and filamentous species with larger cells (e.g. Microcystis spp., Raphidiopsis spp., Dolichospermum circinale) was positively correlated (P < 0.05) with total phosphorus. Among the species with larger cells, diazotrophic D. circinale often dominated when total nitrogen was at low concentrations. Our results support decision making for selecting cyanoHAB control strategies based on single- or multi-species dominance and reinforce that new monitoring technologies could support species-level assessments.
Ecosystem services provided by marine and freshwater phytoplankton
Authors: Naselli-Flores Luigi , Padisák Judit 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPhytoplankton, the ecological group of microalgae adapted to live in apparent suspension in water masses, is much more than an ecosystem’s engineer. In this opinion paper, we use our experience as phytoplankton ecologists to list and highlight the services provided by phytoplankton, trying to demonstrate how their activity is fundamental to regulate and sustain Life on our Planet. Although the number of services produced by phytoplankton can be considered less numerous than that produced by other photosynthetic organisms, the ubiquity of this group of organisms, and their thriving across oceanic ecosystems make it one of the biological engines moving our biosphere. Supporting services provided by phytoplankton include almost half of the global primary and oxygen production. In addition, phytoplankton greatly pushes biogeochemical cycles and nutrient (re)cycling, not only in aquatic ecosystems but also in terrestrial ones. In addition, it significantly contributes to climate regulation (regulating services), supplies food, fuels, active ingredients and drugs, and genetic resources (provisioning services), has inspired artistic and craft works, mythology, and, of course, science (cultural services), and much more. Therefore, phytoplankton should be considered in all respects a true biosphere’s engineer.
Inherited IFNAR1 Deficiency in a Child with Both Critical COVID-19 Pneumonia and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome
Authors: Abolhassani Hassan , Landegren Nils , Bastard Paul , Materna Marie , Modaresi Mohammadreza , Du Likun , Aranda-Guillén Maribel , Sardh Fabian , Zuo Fanglei , Zhang Peng , Marcotte Harold , Marr Nico , Khan Taushif , Ata Manar , Al-Ali Fatima , Pescarmona Remi , Belot Alexandre , Béziat Vivien , Zhang Qian , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Kämpe Olle , Zhang Shen-Ying , Hammarström Lennart , Pan-Hammarström Qiang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) and autoantibodies to type I interferons (IFNs) underlie critical COVID-19 pneumonia in at least 15% of the patients, while the causes of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) remain elusive.

Objectives
To detect causal genetic variants in very rare cases with concomitant critical COVID-19 pneumonia and MIS-C.

Methods
Whole exome sequencing was performed, and the impact of candidate gene variants was investigated. Plasma levels of cytokines, specific antibodies against the virus, and autoantibodies against type I IFNs were also measured.

Results
We report a 3-year-old child who died on day 56 of SARS-CoV-2 infection with an unusual clinical presentation, combining both critical COVID-19 pneumonia and MIS-C. We identified a large, homozygous loss-of-function deletion in IFNAR1, underlying autosomal recessive IFNAR1 deficiency.

Conclusions
Our findings confirm that impaired type I IFN immunity can underlie critical COVID-19 pneumonia, while suggesting that it can also unexpectedly underlie concomitant MIS-C. Our report further raises the possibility that inherited or acquired dysregulation of type I IFN immunity might contribute to MIS-C in other patients.
Transition densities of spectrally positive Lévy processes
Authors: Leżaj Łukasz 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe deduce the asymptotic behavior of transition densities for a large class of spectrally one-sided Lévy processes of unbounded variation satisfying mild condition imposed on the second derivative of the Laplace exponent or, equivalently, on the real part of the characteristic exponent. We also provide sharp two-sided estimates on the density when restricted additionally to processes without Gaussian component.
Random Assignment Versus Fixed Assignment in Multilevel Importance Splitting for Estimating Stochastic Reach Probabilities
Authors: Ma Hao , Blom Henk A. P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper focuses on estimating reach probability of a closed unsafe set by a stochastic process. A well-developed approach is to make use of multi-level MC simulation, which consists of encapsulating the unsafe set by a sequence of increasing closed sets and conducting a sequence of MC simulations to estimate the reach probability of each inner set from the previous set. An essential step is to copy (split) particles that have reached the next level (inner set) prior to conducting a MC simulation to the next level. The aim of this paper is to prove that the variance of the multi-level MC estimated reach probability under fixed assignment splitting is smaller or equal than under random assignment splitting methods. The approaches are illustrated for a geometric Brownian motion example.
On the necessity of essence
Authors: Bovey Gaétan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the present inquiry, I defend the claim that the thesis that essence is the source of all (metaphysical) necessity is compromised. I argue that, on pain of circularity, essentialists cannot successfully account for the necessity of essences. In response to the difficulties I raise, I discuss potential solutions on behalf of essentialists and explain why I find none of them compelling. My conclusion on the matter is that the best essentialists can hope for is a view where the necessity of essences is left unexplained (by essences).
Valuing Politics: Explaining Citizen’s Normative Conceptions of Citizenship
Authors: Robison Joshua 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCivic duty is a critical feature of explanations of political participation, but why do individuals differ in their propensity to adopt particular civic duty norms? We argue that norms are likely to be adopted when congruent with underlying values and support this contention using evidence from the European Social Survey. We show that individuals who prioritize self-transcendence values (which capture altruistic goals) place much greater emphasis on norms positively related to participation while individuals who prioritize conservation values (which capture goals related to social stability) place muchlessemphasis on these norms. The substantive influence of personal values in explaining norm adoption is greater than that of education, age, and interpersonal trust. Our results thus provide new insights into how citizens form their normative conceptions of citizenship and also highlight the substantive role played by value orientations in conformity to social norms more generally.
Temporal binding: digging into animal minds through time perception
Authors: Tramacere Antonella , Allen Colin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTemporal binding is the phenomenon in which events related as cause and effect are perceived by humans to be closer in time than they actually are (Haggard et al. in Nat Neurosci 5(4):382–385, 2002, https://doi.org/10.1038/nn827). Despite the fact that temporal binding experiments with humans have relied on verbal instructions, we argue that they are adaptable to nonhuman animals, and that a finding of temporal binding from such experiments would provide evidence of causal reasoning that cannot be reduced to associative learning. Our argument depends on describing and theoretically motivating an intermediate level of representations between the lower levels of associations of sensory features and higher symbolic representations. This intermediate level of representations makes it possible to challenge arguments given by some comparative psychologists that animals lack higher-level abstract and explicit forms of causal reasoning because their cognitive capacities are limited to learning and reasoning at the basic level of perceptual associations. Our multi-level account connects time perception with causal reasoning and provides a philosophically defensible framework for experimental investigations that have not yet been pursued. We describe the structure of some possible experiments and consider the implications that would follow from a positive finding of temporal binding in nonhuman animals. Such a finding would provide evidence of explicit awareness of causal relationships and would warrant attribution of intermediate representations that are more abstract and sophisticated than the associations allowed by the lower level of the two-level account.
The Impact of Telemedicine on Quality of Care for Patients with Diabetes After March 2020
Authors: Quinton Jacob K. , Ong Michael K , Sarkisian Catherine , Casillas Alejandra , Vangala Sitaram , Kakani Preeti , Han Maria 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The impact of telemedicine on ambulatory care quality is a key question for policymakers as they navigate payment reform for remote care.

Objective
To evaluate whether utilizing telemedicine in the first 9 months of the COVID-19 pandemic impacted performance on a diabetes quality of care measure for patients at a large academic medical center. We hypothesized care quality would reduce less among telemedicine users.

Design
Quasi-experimental design using binomial logistic regression. Covariates included age, gender, race, ethnicity, type of insurance, hierarchical condition category score, primary language at the individual level, and zip code–level income.

Participants
All adult patients younger than 75 years of age diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (N = 16,588) as of 3/19/2020 at a single academic health center.

Interventions
Completion of one or more telemedicine encounters with an institutional primary care physician or endocrinologist between 3/19/2020 and 12/19/2020.

Main Measures
The components met in a five-item composite measure of diabetes quality of care, as of patients’ last clinical encounter. Items were (1) systolic blood pressure less than 140 mmHg, (2) hemoglobin A1c less than 8.0%, (3) using a statin and (4) aspirin, and (5) tobacco non-use.

Key Results
From the pre- to post-period, the probability of meeting any given component of the composite measure for patients only utilizing in-person care was 21% lower (OR, 95% CI 0.79; 0.76, 0.81) and for the telemedicine users 2% lower (OR 0.98; 0.85, 1.13). There was an increased likelihood of meeting any given component among telemedicine users compared to in-person care alone (OR 1.25; 1.08, 1.44).

Conclusions
Patients with diabetes utilizing telemedicine performed similarly on a composite measure of diabetes care quality compared to before the pandemic. Those not utilizing telemedicine had reductions. Telemedicine use maintained quality of care for patients with diabetes during the first 9 months of the COVID-19 pandemic.