bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers and facilitators to timely birth-dose vaccines in Kinshasa Province, the DRC: a qualitative study
Authors: Boisson Alix , Morgan Camille E. , Fried Bruce , Shea Christopher M. , Yotebieng Marcel , Ngimbi Patrick , Mbonze Nana , Mwandagalirwa Kashamuka , Babakazo Pélagie , Thompson Peyton 
Published: June 2022

Background National vaccine policies across the world have successfully improved infant vaccine coverage, but birth-dose (BD) vaccine coverage remains low. Countries such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) aim to include the hepatitis B birth-dose (HepB-BD) vaccine in their national immunization schedule. HepB-BD’s short window for administration – within 24 hours of delivery to prevent mother-to-child transmission – adds to the complexity of streamlined and timely BD vaccines. This study aims to identify and understand barriers and facilitators to timely delivery of BD vaccine in Kinshasa Province, DRC, through individuals’ accounts with different perspectives on the uptake of the BD vaccine in preparation for its future roll-out. Methods We conducted semi-structured interviews in seven health facilities across Kinshasa Province from June to July 2021. We purposefully sampled health facilities from the provinces’ five most prominent facility types—private, public, Catholic, Protestant, and not-for-profit. We interviewed decision-makers and/or providers from various levels of the health care continuum, including midwives, immunization staff, heads of maternity and immunizations, and vaccine officials at the health zone and the Programme Elargi de Vaccination (PEV) to understand administrative barriers to BD vaccines. We also conducted interviews with expectant mothers to elicit knowledge and perceptions about infant vaccines. Results We interviewed 30 participants (16 informants and 14 expectant mothers). Interviewees were recruited from 7 health facilities, 2 health zones, and PEV. Data analysis was guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Our analysis identified 13 constructs (2-3 per domain) related to the success of timely and streamlined BD vaccines. We found significant barriers within and across each domain; most notably, the multi-dose vials of existing BD vaccines determining when facility staff could vaccinate newborns, often resulting in untimely vaccinations; logistical concerns with regular national vaccine stockouts and ability to store vaccines; complex and unsynchronized vaccine fees across facilities; inadequate communication across delivery and vaccination wards; and limited and at times incorrect understanding of vaccines among mothers and other community members. Conclusions Using the CFIR framework, this study integrated perspectives from facility informants and expectant mothers to inform national policy and implementation of the HepB-BD in DRC. These stakeholder-driven findings should guide the streamlining of timely BD vaccinations upon HepB-BD implementation.
Clinicomycological study of pityriasis versicolor
Authors: Anaz K K , Vineetha Mary , Celine MI 
Published: June 2022

Background: Pityriasis versicolor (PV) is a mild chronic infection of the skin caused by Malassezia yeasts, and characterized by discrete or confluent scaly, discolored or dyspigmented areas, mainly on the upper trunk. Wood’s lamp examination and potassium hydroxide (KOH) smear are essential tools to diagnose certain cases of PV. KOH smear examination is simple but may be difficult to interpret sometimes. Lactophenol cotton blue (LPCB) mount helps to visualize the hyphae and spores more clearly4. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the clinical features, epidemiological factors as well as KOH smear and LPCB findings in cases of PV.
Aims and Objectives: To study the clinicomycological and epidemiological profile of PV in patients attending the department of Dermatology and Venereology, Government medical college, Kottayam.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done for a period of 18 months. All clinically diagnosed cases of PV were included in the study. A detailed history taking and clinical examination to asses the epidemiological parameters and to find any predisposing factors was done. Scrapings were taken for KOH smear demonstration and LPCB mount. The characteristics of hyphae were studied.
Results: Peak incidence of disease was seen in 2nd and 3rd decade with a male preponderance. Most of the patients were asymptomatic with hypopigmented type on the trunk with positive stretch sign. Seborrheic dermatitis was the most common association. KOH mount and LPCB stain demonstrated hyphae in more than 90%.
Conclusion: PV is a disease of younger age with hypopigmented macule on trunk being the commonest presentation. KOH mount and LPCB stain are useful tool in diagnosis.
Deficiencia de vitamina B12 como etiología de deterioro cognitivo y demencia
Authors: Badilla Nelson Annekey 
Published: June 2022

La vitamina B12 es una molécula químicamente compleja, que amerita una serie de mecanismos que aseguran su estabilidad y absorción, se encuentra en diversos alimentos de consumo diario como el hígado, pescado, mariscos, y cereales fortificados. Se ha demostrado que esta vitamina funge funciones en diversos aparatos y sistemas, principalmente a nivel hematológico, como componente eritrocitario y a nivel neurológico en la composición de mielina. Cuando existe deficiencia de vitamina 12, debido a alteraciones en la ingesta o absorción, se produce manifestaciones clínicas y de laboratorio, como anemia megaloblástica, neuropatía, mielopatía, alteraciones neuropsiquiátricas predominantemente del comportamiento, ataxia, signos extrapiramidales, entre otras y en la mayoría de los casos estos se resuelven con el tratamiento dirigido. Existen estudios que indican que la reposición temprana de vitamina B12, podría contribuir a la mejoría sintomática, revirtiendo las manifestaciones iniciales del deterioro cognitivo, la demencia y la mielopatía, mientras que la reposición tardía podría vincularse con cambios irreversibles. A pesar de estos estudios, no hay datos concluyentes sobre la interrelación entre la deficiencia de vitamina B12 y el deterioro cognitivo y/o demencia ya que aún no está esclarecido el mecanismo fisiopatológico que lo subyace, pero si hay evidencia de mejoría a nivel cognitivo cuando se genera reposición, habiendo descartado otras causas primarias de deterioro o demencia.
Challenges and prospects of neurosurgical teleconsultations in a developing country: a reality check
Authors: Kumar Narendra , Katiyar Varidh , Praneeth Kokkula , Sharma Ravi , Narwal Priya , Raheja Amol , Tandon Vivek , Mishra Shashwat , Garg Kanwaljeet , Suri Ashish , Chandra P. Sarat , Kale Shashank S. 
Published: June 2022

OBJECTIVE
The adoption of telemedicine became a necessity during the COVID-19 pandemic because patients found commuting to be difficult owing to travel restrictions. Initially, audio-based teleconsultations were provided. Later, on the basis of the feedback of patients and caregivers, the authors started to provide video-based teleconsultations via WhatsApp. The authors subsequently surveyed the patients and caregivers to determine their satisfaction levels with telemedicine services.

METHODS
An anonymized telephone survey of patients who had participated in teleconsultation was conducted with a structured questionnaire. The responses were analyzed and their correlations with the perceived benefits and limitations of audio and video teleconsultation were determined.

RESULTS
Three hundred respondents were included in the first round of surveys, of whom 250 (83.3%) consented to video teleconsultation. Among the respondents who participated in both audio and video teleconsultations (n = 250), paired analysis showed that video teleconsultation was perceived as better in terms of providing easier access to healthcare services (p < 0.001), saving time (p < 0.001), and satisfaction with the way patient needs were conveyed to healthcare providers (p = 0.023), as well as in terms of adequacy of addressing healthcare needs (p < 0.001) and consequently providing a higher rate of overall satisfaction (p < 0.001). For both audio and video teleconsultation, overall patient satisfaction was significantly related to only previous exposure to WhatsApp. However, for video consultation, longer call duration (p = 0.023) was an important independent factor. Video teleconsultation was preferable to face-to-face consultation irrespective of educational status, but higher education was associated with preference for video teleconsultation.

CONCLUSIONS
Both audio and video teleconsultation are viable cost-effective surrogates for in-person physical neurosurgical consultation. Although audio teleconsultation is more user-friendly and is not restricted by educational status, video teleconsultation trumps the former owing to a more efficient and satisfactory doctor-to-patient interface.
Mobile internet-based mixed-reality interactive telecollaboration system for neurosurgical procedures: technical feasibility and clinical implementation
Authors: Zhang Shiyu , Li Fangye , Zhao Yining , Xiong Ruochu , Wang Jingyue , Gan Zhichao , Xu Xinghua , Wang Qun , Zhang Huaping , Zhang Jiashu , Chen Xiaolei 
Published: June 2022

OBJECTIVE
To increase access to health interventions and healthcare services for patients in resource-constrained settings, strategies such as telemedicine must be implemented for the allocation of medical resources across geographic boundaries. Telecollaboration is the dominant form of surgical telemedicine. In this study, the authors report and evaluate a novel mobile internet-based mixed-reality interactive telecollaboration (MIMIT) system as a new paradigm for telemedicine and validate its clinical feasibility.

METHODS
The application of this system was demonstrated for long-distance, real-time collaboration of neuroendoscopic procedures. The system consists of a local video processing workstation, a head-mounted mixed-reality display device, and a mobile remote device, connected over mobile internet (4G or 5G), allowing global point-to-point communication. Using this system, 20 cases of neuroendoscopic surgery were performed and evaluated. The system setup, composite video latency, technical feasibility, clinical implementation, and future potential business model were analyzed and evaluated.

RESULTS
The MIMIT system allows two surgeons to perform complex visual and verbal communication during the operation. The average video delay time is 184.25 msec (range 160–230 msec) with 4G mobile internet, and 23.25 msec (range 20–26 msec) with 5G mobile internet. Excellent image resolution enabled remote neurosurgeons to visualize all critical anatomical structures intraoperatively. Remote instructors could easily make marks on the surgical view; then the composite image, as well as the audio conversation, was transferred to the local surgeon. In this way, a real-time, long-distance collaboration can occur. This system was used for 20 neuroendoscopic surgeries in various cities in China and even across countries (Boston, Massachusetts, to Jingzhou, China). Its simplicity and practicality have been recognized by both parties, and there were no technically related complications recorded.

CONCLUSIONS
The MIMIT system allows for real-time, long-distance telecollaborative neuroendoscopic procedures and surgical training through a commercially available and inexpensive system. It enables remote experts to implement real-time, long-distance intraoperative interaction to guide inexperienced local surgeons, thus integrating the best medical resources and possibly promoting both diagnosis and treatment. Moreover, it can popularize and improve neurosurgical endoscopy technology in more hospitals to benefit more patients, as well as more neurosurgeons.
Intorno al Liber Sententiarum potestatis Mediolani e ad altre fonti giudiziarie / Making Alexander von Humboldt's work known in Lombardy: the American volumes of Giulio Ferrario's Costume antico e moderno, in «Natura» / Cattaneo dopo Cattaneo
Authors: Minnucci Giovanni , Minelli Alessandro , Laforgia Enzo R. 
Published: June 2022

Intorno al Liber Sententiarum potestatis Mediolani e ad altre fonti giudiziarie di Giovanni MinnucciEnrico Banfi, Filippo Bianconi, Davide Domenici e Agnese Visconti, Making Alexander von Humboldt's work known in Lombardy: the American volumes of Giulio Ferrario's Costume antico e moderno, in «Natura», vol. 111 (2), Milano, Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali, 2021, 92 pp. di Alessandro MinelliCarlo G. Lacaita e Alberto Martinelli, a cura di, Cattaneo dopo Cattaneo, Milano, FrancoAngeli, 2021, 379 pp. di Enzo R. Laforgia
Religious, Cultural and Legal Barriers to Organ Donation: The Case of Bangladesh
Authors: Farid Md Shaikh , Naim Mou Tahrima Binta 
Published: June 2022

There is a substantial shortage of organs available for transplantation in Bangladesh. This has resulted in the commodification of organs. This study analyzes the religious, cultural, and legal barriers to organ donation in Bangladesh. It is based on the examination of available literature and primary sources i.e. religious decrees and opinions of religious leaders of faith traditions, and the Bangladesh Organ Donation Act, 1999. The literature was retrieved from databases, such as PubMed, BioMed, and Google Scholar using the key words: organ donation in Islam, organ donation in Bangladesh, organ donation and religions. The study found that although many Islamic scholars accept organ donation, both living and cadaveric, under some conditions, some Bangladeshi Muslim clerics oppose donation. They argue that organ retrieval violates the sanctity of the human body and retrieval of organs may harm a living donor or lead to death, and organ donation may encourage the commercialization of body parts. Both commercialization and harming oneself are considered sins. Thus, the divergent views of Muslim clerics are a major barrier to organ donation among the Bangladeshi Muslims. Cultural and social factors also have a negative impact. Most people desire to be buried with their bodies intact. Although the Bangladesh government promulgated the Bangladesh Organ Donation Act, 1999, and amended it in 2018, it restricted donors and recipients to members of the extended family, which also reduced the donor pool. This study argues that the Muslim Orthodox clerics’ stand against organ donation and other cultural and legal issues are the major obstacles to organ donation in Bangladesh.
Ethical issues in biomedical research in Nigeria: a systematic review
Authors: Ikeagwulonu Chinaza Richard , Uneke Chigozie Jesse , Uchejeso Obeta Mark 
Published: June 2022

The use of human subjects in research comes with lots of ethical challenges. The purpose of this review is to assess the various ethical issues that have been associated with biomedical research in Nigeria. This article also finds out the possible ways of improvement of this scenario. Pubmed/Medline, Google Scholar, JSTOR, and AJOL search were the possible search engine for literature from 2000 to 2020. Key words were used including, ethical issues, biomedical research and Nigeria. Of the 113 publications were found., A total of 18(15.9%) articles fulfilled the study inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Twelve ethical issues were highlighted including Informed consent (12 studies), autonomy and voluntariness (8 studies), beneficence (8 studies), counseling (5 studies), compensation (4 studies), professional behavior and attitudes (2 studies), confidentiality (2 studies), social, cultural and religious practices (2 studies), scientific integrity (1 study), communitarianism (1 study), equity (1 study), and trust (1 study). We found that there are ethical issues in biomedical research in Nigeria of which informed consent is most widely studied. Also, participants had varying degree of understanding of their rights as research subjects. As a result, there is need to enhance the capacity of investigators to better understand these issues and also increase their explanatory skill to help participants achieve complete understanding of their various rights and process.
NF-κB signaling contributes to the inhibitory effects of Bombyx batryticatus on neuroinflammation caused by MPTP toxicity
Authors: Lim Hye-Sun , Jang Yumi , Moon Byeong Cheol , Park Gunhyuk 
Published: June 2022

Bombyx batryticatus, the dried larvae of Bombyx mori infected by Beauveria bassiana, is a renowned traditional medicine. Previous report shows that B. batryticatus improved behavioral impairments, protected dopaminergic neurons, and maintained dopamine levels by inhibiting oxidative signaling in murine Parkinson’s disease model. In this study, the inhibitory effects of B. batryticatus on 1-methyl 4-phenyl 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson’s disease in mice was investigated and explored the corresponding molecular mechanisms, while focusing on NF-κB signaling. Consequently, it was found that B. batryticatus inhibited glial and microglial activation and the levels of neuroinflammatory mediators, such as Cox-2, iNOS, and NF-kB, in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Moreover, pre-inhibition of NF-κB by BAY 11-7082, a κB kinase inhibitor, could neutralize the inhibitory effects of B. batryticatus against the activation of glia and microglia formerly induced by MPTP. It can be considered that B. batryticatus holds implications in providing anti-inflammatory neuroprotection by regulating NF-κB signaling.
A study for validating, rectifying and optimizing the flow in the test section of a circulating water channel
Authors: Varghese Kiran George , Nair Vinay Gopi , Godey Avinash , Kumar P. G. Sunil 
Published: June 2022

The Circulation Water Channel (CWC) is an experimental facility available at Indian Maritime University, Visakhapatnam Campus. A study for comparing the flow pattern and velocity in the test section, for different configurations of the CWC, is complex. To study the flow, a physical model of the CWC, with different configurations, should be made, which in overall is a complicated and time-consuming exercise. But this difficulty can be overcome through using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis, as in this study, where a CFD analysis is done using ‘STAR-CCM+’ software. A CFD model of the existing CWC [corresponding to the 1:4 scale setup at IMUV], is first made, and its validity is checked, by comparing the results of the CFD analysis, against those results obtained from the experimental analysis.
On successfully validating the results, modifications are suggested for rectifying the disturbance which is present in the test section. The test section is the area in the CWC where experimental activities are carried out. In order to carry out the experiments with a certain degree of accuracy, it is important to have a smooth streamlined flow in the test section. To ensure this, a honeycomb structure is positioned such that the flow enters the test section through the honeycomb, which streamlines the flow.
On successfully rectifying the disturbance, studies are carried out to improve the streamlined flow in the test section, for which, different configurations of honeycomb structure are studied. The optimum honeycomb structure, which produces a smooth flow in the test section of a CWC is found out, by conducting analyses for different shapes - i.e. for shapes ranging from rectangular to hexagonal and circular, against different inlet velocities.
The present paper sums up the findings of our earlier research, ‘CFD as a Tool to Validate and Modify the Flow in the Test Section of a Circulating Water Channel’, and ‘Study of Flow in the Test Section of a Circulating Water Channel by Varying the Honey Comb Cross Section’, which were published in the conference proceedings of Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, and Indian Maritime University, Visakhapatnam, respectively.
Clonal propagation of Dracaena fragrans cv. Victoria through tissue culture technology
Authors: Jazib Ahshan , Hossain Mohd Talim , Raju Raihan I 
Published: June 2022

Micropropagation of Dracaena fragrans cv.Victoria was conducted using the young, tender and disease-free leaves and nodal segments as explants collected from the local market of Savar, Dhaka. Surface sterilization of the explants pretreated with a liquid detergent and then 0.2% HgCl2 for 4-5 minutes produces maximum contamination free explants without any toxicity. After surface sterilization, different explants were inoculated on gelrite gelled MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-D for callus induction and with different concentrations and combinations of BAP and NAA for direct shoot induction. Nodal explants showed high callus induction potentiality (80%) on MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/l 2,4-D. The highest frequency of direct shoot induction from nodal segment was 80% and the number of shoots per nodal segment was(5.28±1.17) when they were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg/l BAP and 0.3 mg/l NAA. The highest shoot multiplication (83.33%) with maximum number of shoot per unit callus (5.62±1.24) and maximum shoot length (3.27±0.82 cm) was observed when the nodal calli were transferred in gelrite gelled MS medium in combination with 4.5 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l NAA. Additionally, the incorporation of 4% sucrose and 10% coconut water with the above mentioned medium showed the satisfactory shoot growth and development with an average 7.84±1.30 shoots per unit of callus which was 4.21±0.78 cm in length. Moreover, addition of 3.0 mg/l GA3 with the above mention medium showed highest rate of shoot elongation (5.83±2.31cm). For root induction, in vitro raised shoots were transferred onto half-strength of MS liquid medium augmented with different concentrations and combinations of auxins (IBA and NAA). Maximum rooting (75%) were observed in halfstrength MS liquid medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l IBA. After appropriate rooting the plantlets were successfully acclimatized (85% survival) when they were cultured in polybag containing (1:1:1) garden soil, sand and compost mixture before transferred to soil. Regenerated plants were morphologically identical with mother plants and showed their uniform growth in field condition.
Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 8(2): 1-11, 2019 (December)
Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) in Children in Developing countries -A Review
Authors: Khan Md Abbas Uddin , Akhtar Rowshan Jahan 
Published: June 2022

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a potentially serious infection and is the single commonest and leading cause of death in under 5 children in developing countries. But the crucial first step in tackling childhood pneumonia is being able to diagnose it accurately, particularly after introduction of 2 effective vaccines against two major pathogens responsible for childhood bacterial pneumonia. Radiology and determination of hypoxia by pulse oximetry have been considered the optimal methods for diagnosing pneumonia. This review article has updated the important aspects of childhood pneumonia in developing countries. Early recognition and prompt, appropriate and adequate management can reduce the case fatality as well as morbidity associated with pneumonia.
Northern International Medical College Journal Vol. 11 No. 1 July 2019, Page 406-410