bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field Corn, Common Stalk Borer and Hop Vine Borer Control, 1982
Authors: Levine Eli 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two foliar insecticides and foliar herbicide-insecticide tank mix were evaluated to control common stalk borers (SB) and hop vine borers (HVB) in fence rows before larvae could move into fields of conventional or reduced till corn. Lannate 1.8L (an ovicide and larvicide) was applied on May 11 (estimated SB egg hatch date) at Forreston (Ogle Co) to fence rows after planting but before corn emergence. Orthene 75S (a systemic larvicide) was applied to fence rows at Mt Carroll (Carroll Co) several days prior to planting on May 19 and at Forreston on May 20 when corn was in the 1-leaf stage and beginning to sustain damage. A tank mix of the herbicide Paraquat 2L and the insecticide Lorsban 4E was applied to fence rows at Mt Carroll on May 19 (several days prior to planting) and Lanark (Carroll Co) on May 20 when corn was in the 2-leaf stage and beginning to sustain damage. The Lanark and Forreston fields had infestations of both the SB and HVB; the Mt Carroll location had an infestation of the SB only. All treatments were applied with a CO2back-pack sprayer equipped with a 4-nozzle boom for broadcast application (8002 flat fan nozzles, 3.7 ft/sec, 20 psi, 20 gal of water/acre). Each experiment consisted of a strip the entire width of the fence row (from road to field) x 200 ft long. This strip was divided into four 50 ft-long plots. One half of each plot was treated, the other half was left untreated as a control. Existing damaged plants were marked at treatment. Fence row vegetation consisted mostly of orchard grass and quackgrass at Lanark and smooth brome at both Forreston and Mt Carroll. Corn seedlings in the 2nd row in from the field margin were assessed for damage 22 days after treatment and for the production of harvestable ears (&gt;30 g of grain) in Sep.
Field Corn, European Corn Borer Control, 1982
Authors: Levine Illinois Eli 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Foliar treatments of registered and experimental insecticides to control first generation European corn borer were evaluated at the Agronomy South Farm of the University of Illinois (Champaign Co). Corn (Pioneer 3780) was planted in 30-in rows on May 14. Each plant in the study was artificially infested with approximately 30 newly-hatched larvae on Jun 22 and again on Jun 23 and 24. Mean extended leaf height of these plants on Jun 24 was 46 in. Insecticides were applied on Jun 30, just as larvae were beginning to tunnel into the plants. Liquid insecticides were applied directly over the plant whorls with a CO2back-pack sprayer equipped with a 1 nozzle wand (even flat fan nozzle, 4.0 ft/sec, 20 psi , 0.14 gal/min, 10 gal of water/acre). Granular insecticides were applied in a 7-in band directly over the plant whorls with Noble metering units mounted on a tractor. Each treatment consisted of a single row 25 ft long. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications/treatment. Uninfested rows bounded each treatment row; plants in these border rows were cut down 1 day prior to insecticide application to allow access of the granular applicator. Insecticide treatments were evaluated for corn borer damage (number of cavities) in late-Jul by splitting the stalks of 40 plants from each treatment (10 plants/treatment x 4 reps) in half from the tassel to the ground.
Apple, Early Season Insecticide Trials, 1982
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Cobb L. J. , David P. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Materials were applied to mature York trees as follows: delayed dormant (Mar 23); pre-pink (Apr 2); pink (Apr 20); 1st cover (May 21); 2nd cover (Jun8). Single tree plots were arranged in a randomized block design and replicated 4 times. Treatments were sprayed to runoff using a handgun operating at 400 psi. Treatments were evaluated for effects on rosy apply aphid populations on May 3 and May 13. All colonies on each tree to a height of 10 feet that could be found in a 15 minute search were counted. European red mites were counted on May 3 to evaluate effects of treatments on early populations. Ten leaves per tree (40/treatment) were randomly selected and motile mites were counted under a hand lens. Scale was evaluated at harvest (Sep 9) by randomly selecting 50 apples from the top and 50 apples from the bottom of each tree. Data are presented as percent of fruit infested in each section of the tree.
Control of Common Stalkborer on Field Corn, 1982
Authors: Roberts James R. , Saluta Michael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
At-planting and rescue treatments and a semi-conventional cultural method were applied to no-till field corn on the VPISSU Agronomy farm in Blacksburg, VA. A particular area was chosen which had suffered a heavy stalkborer infestation the previous year. The soil type was clay loam and the pH was 6.3. The test plots were arranged in a completely randomized block design, measuring 4 rows (38 in spacing) x 50 ft x 4 replicates. The cultural treatment was conducted May 11. The rye cover crop was cut with a hammer-knife mower and then the soil was tilled to a depth of 3-4 in. The corn was planted no-till May 17, and the granular treatments were applied the same day with a Gandy applicator. The foliar rescue treatments were applied Jun 4 to the 3-leaf stage corn with a Solo backpack sprayer delivering 20 gal/acre. Stalkborer damage was evaluated for all treatments Jun 13. Twenty plants were selected at random from the center rows in each plot and subjected to a visual plant rating scale of 1-9 (1 = little or no feeding damage and 9 = highly damaged). Damage data were calculated as the mean rating per treatment and yield data (taken Sep 30) as mean metric tons/ha per treatment. All means were subjected to analysis of variance (P = 0.05). Ca 3.3 in of rain fell within 10 days of the rescue treatment.
Field Corn (Whorl Stage), European Corn Borer Control, 1980
Authors: Roberts James E. , Despins Joseph L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Dyfonate 20G, Thimet 20G, Furadan 10G, Pounce 3.2EC, Cymbush 3EC,and Ambush 2EC were tested for the control of European corn borer in Bedford Co, VA, in Jun 1980. Insecticides were applied on Jun 10 to field corn in plots 50 ft x 4 rows (36 in spacing) with 4 replicates in a randomized block design. Granular insecticides were applied over the whorl with a Gandy applicator. Liquids were applied with a Solo backpack sprayer operating at 3 mph, using 30 psi, in 40 gal of water/acre. Chemicals were applied when the corn was 28 in high, with a 61% infestation of ECB in the lst-2nd instar. Five plants showing signs of heavy infestation were chosen from each plot and dissected 14 days after treatment to determine the number of dead and living larvae.
Residual Toxicity of Seven Insecticides on Boll Weevil, 1982
Authors: Micinski Stephen , Lawrence Gary 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On Jul 19, a study was initiated at the Red River Valley Agricultural Experiment Station, Bossier City, LA, to evaluate the residual efficacy of several insecticides using a caged boll weevil technique. Plots were 2 rows x 30.48 m long on 1.02 m centers. A minimum of 2 buffer rows separated plots. Insecticides were applied with a CO2 powered hand sprayer equipped with 2 TX-4 spray nozzles per row. The sprayer delivered 74.8 liters/ha at 2.1 kg/cm2. Cotton-dacron cages (0.9 m x 0.65 m) were placed over individual cotton plants and tied securely near the base of the stalk. Adult weevils obtained from the Gast Rearing Facility at Mississippi State University were placed 25 weevils/cage in each of 2 cages per plot. After the weevils were caged, each cage was tied securely at the top. Weevils were placed in 1 set of cages (total of 18 cages, 2 cages/plot) immediately after spraying, in another set 24 h after spraying, and in the final set 48 h after spraying. Both the percent weevils alive and the percent mobile were recorded 48 h after the weevils were placed in the cages.
Chemical Control of the Cotton Fleahopper on Irrigated Cotton, 1982
Authors: Price Richard , Mussett Kevin , Young Jerry , Steward Bruce , Karner Miles 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Stoneville 213’ was planted at Chickasha in a Tuttle silt clay loam soil on Jun 14 and at Altus in a Tillman holister clay loam on May 19 at the rate of 18 and 20 lb of seed/acre respectively. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 9 treatments replicated 3 times. The plots measured 8 rows x 150 ft. Chemical applications were made Jul 14 at Altus and Jul 27 at Chickasha. Applications were made at Chickasha with a John Deere Hi-cycle 6000 sprayer and at Altus with a John Deere Hi-cycle 600 sprayer. Both original spray systems were replaced with Marco systems equipped with roller pumps powered by 3 hp Briggs and Stratton engines. Spray applications were made at 4.5 mph and 40 psi using 2.5 gal total spray mixture/acre. One #4 Spraying Systems hollow cone nozzle per row was utilized. Plots were sampled 7 days after treatment by making whole plant examinations and recording fleahopper nymphs and adults in each plot. Ten 2.6 ft (l/5000th acre) samples were taken at random in each plot. Beneficial arthropods were also sampled by whole plant examination and included: Nabis spp., Chrysopa spp., Geocoris spp., Orius spp., Col lops spp. and spiders. Yield was estimated by hand-pulling all open boll’s from 50 ft of uniform cotton from each" pTot. Raintal I between treatment and sampling date at Chickasha consisted of 0.07 in Jul 27, 0.04 in Jul 30 and 0.21 in Aug 1. Altus recorded no rainfall during the test period.
Effects of Spray Adjuvants on Leafhopper Contro
Authors: Jubb Gerald L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experiments were conducted in an established Concord grape vineyard infested with Erythroneura comes (Say) to test the effects of 2 spray adjuvants on the residual activity of Lannate. Plots consisted of 3 vines in a row rep Iicated 3 times in a randomized block design. Treatments were applied on Aug 13 using a 6-gal True-Test plant sprayer operated off a high pressure hose of a Myers 61256ET2 hydraulic vineyard sprayer. Operating pressure was 100 psi. Spray water pH was 7.15. Treatments were evaluated by counting the number of leafhopper nymphs on each of 10 injured leaves selected at random per plot. Pre-treatment counts were made on Aug 13. Data were transformed to X + 0.5 and treated by analysis of variance and Duncan's modified (Bayesian) least significant difference test.
Fall Armyworm Control in Whorl-Stage Sorghum, 1982
Authors: Gardner Wayne A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Funk’s G522DR’ was planted on Sep 7 following sweet corn in a Cecil loamy clay soil type in Pike Co, GA. Plots were 6.1 m x 6 rows (91-cm row spacing) and were separated by 1 untreated row and 1-m alleys. Insecticides were applied over the rows on Oct 10 with a CO2 backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 560 1/ha at 2.0-2.2 kg/cm2. Larval density was determined before treatment and 1, 2 and 7 days after treatment by visually inspecting 10 randomly selected plants removed from each plot. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a completely random experimental design.
Bean Leaf Beetle and Threecornered Alfalfa Hopper Control on Soybeans in Alabama, 1982
Authors: Rohlfs W.M. , Mack T.P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This field test was conducted in soybeans planted on Vaiden soil at the Auburn Univ., Blackbelt Substation, Marion Jet., AL. Ten treatments and an untreated check were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each of the .01-acre plots was 4 rows wide (36-in row spacing) and 37 ft long. Treatments were applied on Aug 31 with a CO2-pressurized sprayer equipped with 3 D-2 nozzles per row, operating at 30 psi, and delivering 22 gal/acre. Insect populations were sampled by placing a standard 3-ft beatsheet between the rows and beating the plants on both sides. Insects were identified, counted and recorded. Immature threecornered alfalfa hoppers (3CAH) were rated as small, medium, and large. Two samples from each plot were taken prespray (Aug 31) and 24 h, 72 h and 1 wk post spray (Sep 1, 3 and 7).
Soybean Loopr Control on Soybean, 1982
Authors: Sullivan M.J. , Chapin J.W. , Turnipseed S.G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eight insecticides were evaluated to determine efficacy on soybean looper in soybean. Materials were applied as foliar sprays Aug 27 using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer at 50 psi delivering 8.54 gal/acre. Plots consisted of 8 rows, 30 ft long with the middle 6 sprayed. A randomized complete block experimental design with 4 reps was used. Treatments were evaluated 3 days following application by taking two 1-m shake cloth samples from each plot.
Sugarcane Borer Control (SCB), Small Plot Insecticide Screening Test, 1982
Authors: Flynn J.L. , Reagan T.E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A portion of a block of first stubble sugarcane located on the St. Gabriel Experiment Station, near Baton Rouge, LA, was divided into plots each containing 3 rows spaced 6 ft apart x 24.2 ft (0.01 acre). Insecticide treatments for a season-long control of SCB were assigned to plots according to a randomized complete block design consisting of 5 replications. Each spray concentrate was applied to the sugarcane plant canopy in water at 30 psi with a knapsack sprayer that delivered 25 gal finished formulation per acre per application. Insecticide applications were begun after internodes first were visible above ground and when at least 5% of the stalks contained small SCB larvae in leaf sheaths. Three applications were made (Jul 5, 26, Aug 19) at 3-4 wk intervals. At harvest, 25 stalks selected at random from the center row of each plot were examined for external signs of SCB entrance and exit holes. Insecticide efficacy was determined by comparing the % internodes bored in treated plots with that found in untreated plots.
Insect Control on Flue-Cured Tobacco with Bacillus Thuringiensis var. Kurstaki Spray Formulations, 1982
Authors: Jackson D. Michael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two wettable powder and 3 aqueous formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) var. kurstaki were tested against artificial infestations of tobacco budworms and tobacco hornworms, and natural Infestations of tobacco budworms and tomato hornworms on flue-cured tobacco in 3 separate tests at Oxford, NC. Some of the treatments also contained 1 of 2 polyvinyl acetate stickers (Rhoplex B60A and Polyco 2142), which were evaluated for increasing B.t. efficacy. ‘Speight G-70’ was used in Tests 1 and 2, while NC 2326 was used in the final test. All tobacco was transplanted onTlay 7 into a field of Vance sandy loam soil which had been treated on Apr 19 with Telone C-17 (98.2 1/ha), Paarlan (2.3 1/ha), and Ridomil (2.3 1/ha). Plants were placed on 55.9-cm centers with 1.2 m between rows. Plants in Test 1 were infested with 1 laboratory-reared tobacco budworm per plant on Jun 15. Larvae were ca 2 days old and were from a colony that had been started from field collections and cultured for ca 10 generations on artificial diet. On Jun 17 plants were examined for successful budworm establishments and 40 plots of 15 infested plants each were marked in a randomized complete block design with 5 blocks and 8 treatments. The following 2 days there was a very heavy rainfall (4.1 cm) that prevented spraying for several days. Plots were treated on Jun 21 with CO2-powered backpack sprayer with an adjustable nozzle at a rate of 233.8 1/ha with 4.2 kg/cm. Plants were examined for insects 3 and 7 days after spraying, and on day 7 they were subjectively rated from 0-7 for tobacco budworm damage. Temperatures were mild (max. 31.1°C) and there was little rainfall (0.1 cm) after spraying. After the final plant examination in Test 1, the plants in all plots were cut off near the ground. One sucker was allowed to grow per plant and this regrowth was used in Test 2. For this test, plants were infested with one 2 day old tobacco budworms on Jul 27, and on Jul 30, 40 plots of 15 plants each were marked off in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied as in Test 1 on Aug 2 and plants were checked 3 and 7 days later. Once again the weather was rainy (1.8 cm) after infestation, but no rain was recorded after spraying, when temperatures reached 32°C for 4 days. For Test 3, tobacco regrowth on NC 2326 was infested with 2 second instar tobacco hornworms per plant on Aug 9. These insects were from an artificial diet fed laboratory colony maintained at Oxford. This test was set up in a randomized complete block design with 5 blocks and 7 treatments. The plots were sprayed on Aug 10, and examined 3 and 7 days later. The weather was wet both before and after spraying in this test (7.4 cm rain)
Insect Control on Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1982
Authors: Semtner P.J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tobacco was transplanted in 20 x 12 ft (3 row) plots at the Southern Piedmont Center, Blackstone, VA, on May 13. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Single border rows separated each plot. After an initial experiment, the tobacco was cut back to ca 6 in on Jul 22 and 1 sucker was turned out on each plant on Aug 4. On Aug 12, 10 plants/plot were infested with 3 tobacco budworms/plant. Natural infestations of tomato and tobacco hornworms were allowed to build up on the other plants. Treatments were applied to the foliage with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer delivering 23 gal of finished spray/acre using a TX18 nozzle and 60 psi. Tobacco flea beetles (5 plants/plot), hornworms (10 plant/plot) and budworms (10 plants/plot) were counted the day before treatment and at 3, 6 and 14 days after treatment.
Insect Control on Flue-Cured Tobacco with Insecticides Applied to the Soil and in the Transplant Water, 1982
Authors: Semtner Paul J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Flue-cured tobacco was transplanted on May 21 in plots, 20 (12 plants) x 4 ft (1 row), arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. The soil was a Chesterfield-Mayodan-Bourne sandy loam (pH 5.8, organic matter &lt; 2.0%). Spacing was 4 ft between rows and 20 in between plants within rows. Recommended production practices were followed. On May 14, pretransplant treatments were applied in a 24 in band over the row using a Gandy applicator mounted on a pushcart and followed immediately by bedding. Hand-operated transplanters, delivering 200 gal water/acre (4 fl oz/plant), were used to apply the transplant water treatments during transplanting. Flea beetle feeding holes were counted on the most damaged leaf from 5 plants/plot on Jun 7. A D-Vac sampler was used to collect flea beetles from all plants in each plot on Jun 3. Green peach aphid densities were estimated for 2 upper leaves on 5 plants/plot every 1 to 2 wk. Cured-leaf yields were determined.
Aphid, Hornworm and Budworm Control on Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1982
Authors: Semtner P.J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Flue-cured tobacco was transplanted in 20 x 20 ft plots at the Southern Piedmont Center, Blackstone, Va, on May 13. Spacing was 4 ft between rows and 20 in between plants within the row. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Treatments were applied to the foliage with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer that delivered 36 gal of finished spray/acre using a solid cone nozzle and 60 psi. Each plot was artificially infested with hornworms and budworms on Jul 5. At 3, 7 and 14 days after application, hornworms and budworms were counted on 20 and 10 plants/plot, respectively, and aphids were counted on 2 upper leaves of 5 plants/plot in the 3 center rows of each plot. Aphid counts were transformed to Log.10 (aphid count + 1) before analysis.
Aphid Control on Winter Wheat, Washington, 1982
Authors: Pike Keith S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four insecticides were evaluated to determine their efficacy in controlling birdcherry oat aphid. Insecticides were applied 8 Oct to hard red winter wheat (earlier tillering stage of growth) grown on the Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Prosser, WA. Treatments were applied with a compressed air plot sprayer mounted on a bicycle-wheeled carriage, calibrated to deliver 41 gpa at 40 psi. Temperature at the time of treatment was 52°F. Plots were 5 rows wide (10 in between rows), 20 ft in length, replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were evaluated on the total aphids present per 6 randomly selected wheat plants from each plot at pretreatment and at several post-treatment intervals.
Evaluation of Dead End Mite Killer and Bendiocarb For the Control of Northern Fowl Mites, 1982
Authors: Cloud J.A. , Collison C.H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two trials were conducted at the University poultry farm to evaluate the efficacy and residual activity of Dead End Mite Killer (66.0% Natural Fresh Water Diatomaceous Earth) and Bendiocarb 1% dust against northern fowl mites. Mature laying hens were housed in single deck, double row, Favorite hanging cages. The 7.3 x 7.3 m shelter contained 2 banks of cages (20 cages/bank), separated by a 2.3-m aisle. Birds were arranged on each side of a bank by alternating 1 cage of untreated pressure birds with 2 cages of treatment birds. Treatment birds were housed 2 birds per cage and pressure birds were caged individually. Equal numbers of White Leghorn and White Rock hens were used as treatment birds. Each group of 2 treatment cages, had 1 cage of each breed randomly assigned. Only 1 acaricide was used per bank. Prior to treatments, naturally occurring northern fowl mite populations were visually estimated on each bird, by parting the feathers on the vent area. Population levels were indexed by the following code: 0=0 mites, 1 = 1-2 mites, 2 = 3-9 mites, 3 = 10-31 mites, 4 = 32-99 mites, 5 = 100-315 mites, 6 = 316-999 mites, 7 = 1000-3159 mites and 8 = 3160-9999 mites. After the pretreatment counts were completed, the birds were arranged so the average mite index for the pressure and treatment birds were similar within and between banks. Treatments were applied by hand dusting individual birds suspended from leg shackles. After treatments were completed, population counts were made at 24 h, 72 h post treatment and at weekly intervals for the duration of each trial. Treatments during trial 1 were applied on May 4 and consisted of either 5.0 g Dead End Mite Killer or 4.5 g 1% Bendiocarb dust per bird. The second trial was started on Jun 29: 8.0 g of Dead End Mite Killer and 9.0 g Bendiocarb 1% dust were applied per bird. Since a few live mites were still found on the Dead End treated birds at 1-wk post treatment, the birds were retreated with 8.0 g of Dead End Mite Killer on Jul 6.
Apple, Summer Mite Test, 1982
Authors: Meyer Ronald H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Mature 'Starkrimson Delicious' trees at Griggsville, Illinois, were sprayed with air blower equipment at 350 GPA on July 6. Two rows were randomly selected for each treatment. Four pairs of trees were selected within each treatment and 50 leaves from each tree were picked from the inside of the rows on each sample date. The leaves were immediately brushed and the mites counted in the field. Most mobile mites were adults beginning to lay eggs when treatments were applied.
Cattle, Face and Horn Fly Control on Beef Cattle with Dust Bags, 1980
Authors: Roberts James E. , Despins Joseph L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three tests were conducted in Montgomery Co, VA, in Jul, Aug, and Sep with insecticides in dust bags applied to mixed breed beef cattle to measure control of face and horn flies. In Test A 2 dust bags containing 12 lb each of 1% Co-Ral (Coumaphos) were suspended 30 in above the ground at 2 entrances to a mineral box on Jul 24. Thirty mixed breed heifers were in the treated herd.