bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistence with urate‐lowering therapy in Australia: A longitudinal analysis of allopurinol prescriptions
Authors: Coleshill Matthew J. , Day Richard O. , Tam Karson , Kouhkamari Mahsa , Caillet Vincent , Aung Eindra , Kannangara Diluk R. W. , Cronin Peter , Rodgers Anthony , Stocker Sophie L. 
Published: June 2022

AimGout is the most common form of inflammatory arthritis in men. Despite the availability of effective urate‐lowering therapies (ULT), the management of gout is suboptimal due to poor persistence with ULT. This study examined national prescribing patterns of ULT to determine persistence with allopurinol in Australia.MethodsA 10% sample of the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme dispensing claims database was used to identify individuals initiated on allopurinol between April 2014 and December 2019. The number of allopurinol scripts dispensed was used to estimate persistence with allopurinol. Persistence was defined as the number of months from initiation until discontinuation (last prescription with no further scripts acquired for a period thereafter). Kaplan‐Meier curves were used to examine persistence, while Cox regression analysis was used to examine the influence of gender, concomitant colchicine and age.ResultsThe largest drop in persistence occurred immediately after initiation, with 34% of patients discontinuing allopurinol 300‐mg therapy in the first month. Median persistence with allopurinol 300 mg was 5 months (95% confidence interval 4.76‐5.24), with around 63% of individuals not persisting with this therapy for more than 12 months. Concomitant prescription of colchicine on the day of allopurinol initiation only occurred in 7% of allopurinol initiations. No increase in persistence was observed for those co‐prescribed colchicine.ConclusionPersistence with allopurinol was poor. More effective methods targeting prescribers, patients and systems are required to promote persistence with allopurinol. Improving persistence to allopurinol is an important public health goal given the proven potential of this medication to eliminate gout.
Ethical consumerism and wage levels: Evidence from an experimental market
Authors: Degli Antoni Giacomo , Faillo Marco 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper contributes to the promotion of multidisciplinary research on ethical consumerism by providing experimental evidence on consumer's willingness to reward sellers by paying higher wages to their workers. We analyze repeated interactions occurring between workers, sellers, and consumers within the framework of an experimental market. By successfully performing a task, workers allow sellers to offer a good through a market. Sellers set the price of goods and decide the wages of workers. Consumers enter the market sequentially and decide whether to accept one of the offers or to leave the market. Our data show that, especially in the first periods of the experiment, some sellers opt to pay high wages to their workers. However, this behavior is not rewarded by consumers, whose purchasing choices are almost exclusively driven by self‐interest. In our interpretation, the connection between workers and sellers that connotes our experimental design, with workers who allow sellers to enter the market, may induce consumers to believe that eventual sacrifices for paying high wages to workers must be entirely on sellers. Our result suggests that the more salient is made the importance of some stakeholders in allowing the firm's activity, the fewer consumers' may be willing to sacrifice their monetary payoff to improve these stakeholders' condition.
Modeling minimum viable population size with multiple genetic problems of small populations
Authors: Nabutanyi Peter , Wittmann Meike J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAn important goal for conservation is to define minimum viable population (MVP) sizes for long‐term persistence of a species. There is increasing evidence of the role of genetics in population extinction; thus, conservation practitioners are starting to consider the effects of deleterious mutations (DM), in particular the effects of inbreeding depression on fitness. We sought to develop methods to account for genetic problems other than inbreeding depression in MVP estimates, quantify the effect of the interaction of multiple genetic problems on MVP sizes, and find ways to reduce the arbitrariness of time and persistence probability thresholds in MVP analyses. To do so, we developed ecoevolutionary quantitative models to track population size and levels of genetic diversity. We assumed a biallelic multilocus genome with loci under single or multiple, interacting genetic forces. We included mutation–selection–drift balance (for loci with DM) and 3 forms of balancing selection for loci for which variation is lost through genetic drift. We defined MVP size as the lowest population size that avoids an ecoevolutionary extinction vortex. For populations affected by only balancing selection, MVP size decreased rapidly as mutation rates increased. For populations affected by mutation–selection–drift balance, the MVP size increased rapidly. In addition, MVP sizes increased rapidly as the number of loci increased under the same or different selection mechanisms until even arbitrarily large populations could not survive. In the case of fixed number of loci under selection, interaction of genetic problems did not always increase MVP sizes. To further enhance understanding about interaction of genetic problems, there is need for more empirical studies to reveal how different genetic processes interact in the genome.
The tick and I: Parasite‐host interactions between ticks and humans
Authors: Schön Michael P. 
Published: June 2022

SummaryTicks, particularly hard ticks (Ixodidae), which are among the most important vectors of dangerous infectious agents, feed on their hosts for extended periods of time. With this lifestyle, numerous adaptations have evolved in ticks and their hosts, the pharmacological importance of which is increasingly being recognized. Many bioactive substances in tick saliva are being considered as the basis of new drugs.For example, components of tick cement can be developed into tissue adhesives or wound closures. Analgesic and antipruritic salivary components inhibit histamine or bradykinin, while other tick‐derived molecules bind opioid or cannabinoid receptors. Tick saliva inhibits the extrinsic, intrinsic, or common pathway of blood coagulation with implications for the treatment of thromboembolic diseases. It contains vasodilating substances and affects wound healing. The broad spectrum of immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive effects of tick saliva, such as inhibition of chemokines or cellular immune responses, allows development of drugs against inflammation in autoimmune diseases and/or infections. Finally, modern vaccines against ticks can curb the spread of serious infections. The medical importance of the complex tick‐host interactions is increasingly being recognized and translated into first clinical applications. Using selected examples, an overview of the mutual adaptations of ticks and hosts is given here, focusing on their significance to medical advance.
Distribution of delta and mu opioid receptor mRNA in rodent dorsal root ganglia neurons
Authors: Quirion Béatrice , Beaulieu Claudie , Côté Laurie , Parent Jean‐Luc , Gendron Louis 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPrimary afferents are responsible for transmitting signals produced by noxious stimuli from the periphery to the spinal cord. Mu and delta opioid receptors (MOP and DOP) have analgesic properties and are highly expressed in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. In humans, spinal DOP is almost exclusively located on central terminals of DRG neurons, whereas in rodents, it is expressed both on presynaptic terminals and spinal neurons. In this study, we aimed to assess the distribution of MOP and DOP in the DRGs of mice and rats. Using in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence, we visualized MOP and DOP mRNA together with various neuronal markers. In rats and mice, we show that both receptors are expressed, albeit to different extents, in all types of neurons, namely, large and medium myelinated neurons (NF200‐positive), small nonpeptidergic (IB4‐ or P2X3R‐positive) and peptidergic C fibres (Tac1‐positive). Overall, DOP mRNA was found to be mainly expressed in large and medium myelinated neurons, whereas MOP mRNA was mainly found in C fibres. The distribution of MOP and DOP, however, slightly differs between rats and mice, with a higher proportion of small nonpeptidergic C fibres expressing DOP mRNA in mice than in rats. We further found that neither morphine nor inflammation affected the distribution of the receptor mRNA. Because of their location, our results confirm that MOP and DOP have the potential to alleviate similar types of pain and that this effect could slightly differ between species.
Mapping of European activities on the integration of sex and gender factors in neurology and neuroscience
Authors: Hentzen Nina B. , Ferretti Maria Teresa , Santuccione Chadha Antonella , Jaarsma Joke , De Visser Marianne , Moro Elena ,   the Gender and Diversity Task force of the EAN
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeNeurological disorders pose a profound unmet medical need for which new solutions are urgently needed. The consideration of both biological (sex) and socio‐cultural (gender) differences between men and women is necessary to identify more efficacious, safer and tailored treatments. Approaches for putting sex and gender medicine into practice have gathered momentum across Europe, but it is currently unclear to what extent they have been implemented in the field of neurology and neuroscience.MethodsWe mapped current activities in research, funding and education aimed at integrating sex and gender consideration in neuroscience and neurology in Europe. We examined and analyzed data gathered from literature searches, policy documents and reports by the European Commission and national funding agencies, web‐based searches, Web of Science, and searches of project databases of funding agencies. An informative/non‐systematic search was performed for sections on policies and funding, education, and basic research, while a systematic literature and database review was conducted for quantitative analysis of research output and funded projects in terms of sex and gender analysis.ResultsOur mapping shows that there is a growing interest in and attention given to sex and gender considerations in neurological fields, both from funding agencies and researchers. However, most activities, especially for education, are limited to the individual motivation of researchers and are not organically built within curricula and strategic research priorities.ConclusionWe recommend actions that might help increase the consideration of sex and gender specifically in the field of neuroscience and neurology.
Influence of different intraradicular chemical pretreatments on the bond strength of adhesive interface between dentine and fiber post cements: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Jurema Ana Luiza Barbosa , Correia Ayla Macyelle de Oliveira , Spinola Manuela da Silva , Bresciani Eduardo , Caneppele Taciana Marco Ferraz 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSystematic review and network meta‐analyses were performed to answer the question: Do intraradicular chemical pretreatments affect the bond strength of the adhesive interface between dentine and fiber post cements? A literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, BBO, and Cochrane Library in October 2018 (updated September 2021). In vitro studies that compared the bond strength assessed by push‐out tests following at least two dentine chemical treatments prior to fiber post cementation were included. Risk of bias was evaluated. A random‐effects Bayesian‐mixed treatment comparison model was used to compare push‐out bond strength of different chemical pretreatments. SUCRA (surface area under the cumulative ranking) analysis was performed to rank the pretreatments. After removing duplicates and screening titles and abstracts, 61 studies remained. SUCRA analysis showed that the best bond strength values for self‐etch, etch‐and‐rinse, and self‐adhesive cements were ethyl acetate (SUCRA: 99.8%), low concentration NaOCl (SUCRA: 83.4%), and grape seed extract (SUCRA: 97.6%), respectively. According to the SUCRA rankings, ethanol was in a good position for all adhesive strategies (SUCRA: 78.6%). The use of chemical pretreatments in intraradicular dentine of endodontically treated teeth depends on the adhesive and cementation strategy. The pretreatment generally associated with the highest bond strength was ethanol.
Decadal‐scale phenology and seasonal climate drivers of migratory baleen whales in a rapidly warming marine ecosystem
Authors: Pendleton Daniel E. , Tingley Morgan W. , Ganley Laura C. , Friedland Kevin D. , Mayo Charles , Brown Moira W. , McKenna Brigid E. , Jordaan Adrian , Staudinger Michelle D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSpecies' response to rapid climate change can be measured through shifts in timing of recurring biological events, known as phenology. The Gulf of Maine is one of the most rapidly warming regions of the ocean, and thus an ideal system to study phenological and biological responses to climate change. A better understanding of climate‐induced changes in phenology is needed to effectively and adaptively manage human‐wildlife conflicts. Using data from a 20+ year marine mammal observation program, we tested the hypothesis that the phenology of large whale habitat use in Cape Cod Bay has changed and is related to regional‐scale shifts in the thermal onset of spring. We used a multi‐season occupancy model to measure phenological shifts and evaluate trends in the date of peak habitat use for North Atlantic right (Eubalaena glacialis), humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae), and fin (Balaenoptera physalus) whales. The date of peak habitat use shifted by +18.1 days (0.90 days/year) for right whales and +19.1 days (0.96 days/year) for humpback whales. We then evaluated interannual variability in peak habitat use relative to thermal spring transition dates (STD), and hypothesized that right whales, as planktivorous specialist feeders, would exhibit a stronger response to thermal phenology than fin and humpback whales, which are more generalist piscivorous feeders. There was a significant negative effect of western region STD on right whale habitat use, and a significant positive effect of eastern region STD on fin whale habitat use indicating differential responses to spatial seasonal conditions. Protections for threatened and endangered whales have been designed to align with expected phenology of habitat use. Our results show that whales are becoming mismatched with static seasonal management measures through shifts in their timing of habitat use, and they suggest that effective management strategies may need to alter protections as species adapt to climate change.
India's democracy before the democratic discontent, 1940s–1970s
Authors: Shani Ornit 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe last decade and a half saw what we can call a historical turn in the study of India's democracy. By drawing on some of these new works and on archival materials, this article offers a new way of thinking about the rooting and workings of democracy in India and its endurance. The article explores how India and Indians produced a concrete and convincing notion of a shared functioning purpose, a common good, for their deeply plural society, while allowing a meaningful space for the conflicts and inherent contradictions that underlay their democracy. I suggest that the persistence of these conflicts was important for the resilience of India's democracy. I examine three interrelated processes that with independence contributed to this outcome: the nature of the constitution and its making; the first election and the preparation for them between 1947 and 1952; and the articulation of the principle of state resource distribution and its development projects. The conclusion reflects on the significance of the historical turn to our understanding of post‐independence India.
Pre‐processed fruits as raw materials: part I – different forms, process conditions and applications
Authors: Bhatkar Nikita S. , Shirkole Shivanand S. , Brennan Charles , Thorat Bhaskar N. 
Published: June 2022

SummaryFruit crops are valuable commodities considering both processed as well as pre‐processed products. Current consumer trends have created a huge demand for fruit‐based products to improve nutritional wellbeing. In order that the processing industry may deliver the products with their full potential, it is necessary to have an uninterrupted supply of raw materials to eliminate the bottlenecks. Most fruits are perishable and available seasonally so it is difficult to have a continuous supply of the fruits. Hence, to overcome the issues associated with seasonal availability an alternate practice for the processing of fruits up to an intermediate level can be adapted to give a continuous supply of pre‐processed fruit products. This review article discusses the processing conditions for different fruits, the commonly associated problems with the processing and their applications.
Orange peel fermentation using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum: microbiological analysis and physico‐chemical characterisation
Authors: Deba‐Rementeria Shuyana , Estrada Olaia , Issa‐Issa Hanán , Vázquez‐Araújo Laura 
Published: June 2022

SummaryTo find an innovative use for orange peels discarded in the orange juice‐making process, a fermentative process was assessed using a Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain. Blanched or rinsed peels were submerged in a 5% NaCl–3% inoculated sucrose brine for 10 days. Total soluble solids, pH, sugars and total aerobic and anaerobic counts were determined in the brines to characterise the process. The final products were characterised by instrumental texture, colour and volatile composition. The blanching pretreatment had a significant effect on the whole process and the final product characteristics. Anaerobic bacteria total counts were significantly higher in the blanched samples during the whole fermentation, and pH decreased significantly slower in these samples than in the rinsed ones. Rinsed samples were characterised by higher aerobic total counts, higher sucrose consumption and higher glucose, fructose and polyalcohols production. The texture was softer in the pretreated samples, probably due to the blanching process rather than the fermentation. The volatile composition was quite similar between samples, although it was different from one of the raw orange peels due to a significant decrease in various volatile compounds.
Soluble Asian sea bass bone bio‐calcium: characteristics, bioavailability across Caco‐2 cells and fortification into apple juice
Authors: Wijayanti Ima , Benjakul Soottawat , Saetang Jirakrit , Prodpran Thummanoon , Sookchoo Pornsatit 
Published: June 2022

SummarySoluble Asian sea bass bone bio‐calcium (SBC) prepared using citric acid was characterised and examined for bioavailability. SBC showed lower calcium content (9.12%) but higher solubility (74.56%) in in vitro gastrointestinal tract system, compared to bio‐calcium. Calcium bioavailability of bio‐calcium across Caco‐2 cells was higher than that of SBC. SBC showed slightly lower L*, b* and ΔE*‐values with higher a*‐values than that of bio‐calcium. Fortification of SBC at various levels (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2%, w/v) into apple juice was also carried out. Apple juice fortified with SBC at various levels showed differences in pH, turbidity, brown colour and calcium content. The increased SBC levels resulted in lower pH, but higher turbidity, brown colour and calcium content. SBC fortification had no effect on likeness score for appearance, colour, odour and sandy mouthfeel. Nevertheless, flavour, taste and overall likeness of apple juice decreased when SBC added was increased. Calcium content of apple juice fortified with SBC up to 1% was increased by 6.13‐fold with no sensory effects.
Energy storage performance of BiFeO3–SrTiO3–BaTiO3 relaxor ferroelectric ceramics
Authors: Cui Tao , Yu Annan , Zhang Yangyu , Guo Jian , Li Xiongjie , Guo Shun , Zhang Ji , Wang Jing , Zhang Shan‐Tao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDielectric capacitors reveal great potential in the application of high power and/or pulsed power electronic devices owing to their ultrafast charge–discharge rate and ultrahigh power density. Among various dielectric capacitors, the environment‐friendly lead‐free dielectric ceramics have drawn extensive investigations in recent years. Nevertheless, the relatively small recoverable energy storage density (Wrec) is still an obstacle for their application. Herein, the (0.55−x)BiFeO3–0.45SrTiO3–xBaTiO3 ternary ceramics with 0.1 wt% MnO2 were prepared by the solid‐state reaction, and achieved enhanced relaxor behavior as well as breakdown strength Eb. As a result, the x = 0.12 ceramic exhibited superior comprehensive energy storage performance of large Eb (50.4 kV/mm), ultrahigh Wrec (7.3 J/cm3), high efficiency η (86.3%), relatively fast charge–discharge speed (t0.9 = 6.1 μs) and outstanding reliability under different frequency, fatigue, and temperature, indicating that the BiFeO3‐based relaxor ferroelectric ceramics are prospective alternatives for electrostatic energy storage.
The role of inter‐individual intolerance in group cohesion and the transition to sociality in spiders
Authors: Rose Clémence , Kyneb Sarah , Schou Mads Fristrup , Bechsgaard Jesper , Bilde Trine 
Published: June 2022

AbstractConspecific tolerance is key for maintaining group cohesion in animals. Understanding shifts from conspecific tolerance to intolerance is therefore important for understanding transitions to sociality. Subsocial species disperse to a solitary lifestyle after a gregarious juvenile phase and display conspecific intolerance as adults as a mechanism to maintain a solitary living. The development of intolerance towards group members is hypothesized to play a role in dispersal decisions in subsocial species. One hypothesis posits that dispersal is triggered by factors such as food competition with the subsequent development of conspecific intolerance, rather than conspecific intolerance developing prior to and potentially driving dispersal. Consistent with this hypothesis, we show that intolerance (inferred by inter‐individual distance) developed post‐dispersal in the subsocial spider Stegodyphus lineatus. The development of conspecific intolerance was delayed when maintaining spiders in groups showing plasticity in this trait, which is advantageous when trade‐offs are not fixed over time. However, major evolutionary transitions, such as the transition to sociality, can permanently modify trade‐offs and cause derived adaptations by the evolution of new or modified traits or evolutionary loss of traits that become redundant. Sociality in spiders has evolved repeatedly from subsocial ancestors, and social life in family groups combined with a lack of interaction with competing groups suggests relaxed selection for the development of conspecific intolerance. In the social Stegodyphus sarasinorum we found no evidence for the development of conspecific intolerance, consistent with the loss of this trait. Instead, we found evidence for conspecific attraction, which is likely to govern group cohesion.