bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of VHF micro-EDM discharge state detection method based on energy coupling detection
Authors: Liao Lu , Zhang Yongbin , Dai Yue 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Because the pulse frequency of VHF micro-EDM power supply (30MHz-300MHz) is higher than that of traditional EDM power supply and the pulse has two characteristics of positive and negative bipolar, it is impossible to use traditional discharge state detection technology to meet the requirements of VHF discharge state detection. And during the experiment, it was found that the resonant frequency of VHF pulse would migrate with the change of circuit impedance, leading to the change of pulse voltage amplitude. In order to breakthrough the limitations of traditional detection method, this paper combined the technology of EDM discharge state recognition and microwave detecting technology, based on the principle of electrode impedance change, put forward a discharge condition detection method of VHF pulse source based on energy principle of coupling detection, the method using double directional coupler and rf receiver device for detecting pulse energy, It can detect the interelectrode power of VHF pulse source with frequency range from 30MHz to 300MHz and power range below 100W, and realize accurate discharge status identification of VHF micro-EDM.
Dual inhibition of IDO1/TDO2 enhances anti-tumor immunity in platinum-resistant non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wu Chunjing , Spector Sydney , Theodoropoulos George , Nguyen Dan JM , Kim Emily , Garcia Ashley , Savaraj Niramol , Lim Diane C. , Paul Ankita , Feun Lynn G. , Bickerdike Michael , Wangpaichitr Medhi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The impact of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) metabolism on the immune microenvironment is not well understood within platinum resistance. We have identified crucial metabolic differences between cisplatin-resistant (CR) and cisplatin-sensitive (CS) NSCLC cells with elevated indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) activity in CR, recognized by increased kynurenine (KYN) production.
Methods
Co-Culture, syngeneic, and humanize mice models were utilized. C57BL/6 mice were inoculated with either Lewis lung carcinoma mouse cells (LLC) or its platinum-resistant counterpart (LLC-CR) cells. Humanize mice were inoculated with either A (human CS cells) or ALC (human CR cells). Mice were treated with either IDO1 inhibitor or TDO2 (tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase-2) inhibitor at 200 mg/kg P.O. once a day for 15 days; or with a new-in-class IDO1/TDO2 dual inhibitor AT-0174 at 170mg/kg P.O. once a day for 15 days with and without anti-PD1 antibody (10 mg/kg, every 3 days). Immune profiles as well as KYN and tryptophan (TRP) productions were evaluated.
Results
CR tumors exhibited a more highly immunosuppressive environment and blocked the anti-tumor immune response. IDO1-mediated KYN production from CR cells suppressed NKG2D on immune effector natural killer (NK) and CD8+ T cells and enhanced immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Importantly, while the selective IDO1 inhibitor attenuated CR tumor growth, it concomitantly upregulated the TDO2 enzyme. To overcome the compensatory induction of TDO2 activity, we employed IDO1/TDO2 dual inhibitor, AT-0174. Dual inhibition of IDO1/TDO2 in CR mice suppressed tumor growth to a greater degree than IDO1 inhibition alone. Significant enhancement in NKG2D frequency on NK and CD8+ T cells and a reduction in Tregs and MDSCs were observed following AT-1074 treatment. Additionally, CR cells possessed an increased expression of PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand-1); therefore, we assessed the dual inhibition + PD1 (programmed cell death protein-1) blocking and report a profound anti-tumor growth and immunity in CR tumors which in turn extended overall survival in mice.
Conclusion
Our study reports the presence of platinum-resistant lung tumors that utilize both IDO1/TDO2 enzymes for survival and to escape immune surveillance as a consequence of KYN metabolites. We also report early in vivo data in support of the potential therapeutic efficacy of the dual IDO1/TDO2 inhibitor AT-0174 as a part of immuno-therapeutic treatment that disrupts tumor metabolism and enhances anti-tumor immunity.
Prenatal phthalate exposure and cord blood DNA methylation
Authors: Lee Jooah , Kim Jeeyoung , Zinia Sabrina Shafi , Park Jaehyun , Won Sungho , Kim Woo Jin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The indiscriminate use of phthalate-containing products in daily life can adversely affect pregnant women and their children. Phthalate can modify DNA methylation in the cord blood of infants. Therefore, we examined the association between prenatal phthalate exposure and cord blood DNA methylation in a Korean birth cohort. Phthalate levels in maternal blood during late pregnancy and cord blood were measured and DNA methylation of cord blood was measured using the Illumina HumanMethylationEPIC BeadChip kit. The association between CpG methylation and phthalate levels was analyzed using the ‘limma’ package in R, adjusting for infant sex, maternal body mass index, current maternal smoking status, and estimated leukocyte composition. We used data from 274 samples for estimating mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) and mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhxyl) phthalate (MEHHP) levels and 273 samples for estimating mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) levels to determine maternal phthalate concentrations during late pregnancy. Additionally, 102 samples were analyzed for all three types of phthalates in the cord blood. The meta-analysis revealed significant associations between the CpG sites near the CHN2 and CUL3 genes and cord blood MEOHP and MnBP concentrations, respectively. However, the three maternal phthalate concentrations during late pregnancy showed no significant association with CpG sites. In conclusion, prenatal phthalate exposure is significantly associated with DNA methylation at several CpG sites.
The maximal and current accuracy of rigorous protein-ligand binding free energy calculations
Authors: Ross Gregory , Lu Chao , Scarabelli Guido , Albanese Steven , Houang Evelyne , Abel Robert , Harder Edward , Wang Lingle 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
It is well recognized that computational techniques can speed up the identification of hits and accelerate the optimization of such hits to lead series and development candidate molecules. A class of rigorous physics-based methods known as free energy perturbation (FEP) have emerged as the most consistently accurate relative affinity prediction tool available to support such efforts. Yet, there remains uncertainty about how accurate these techniques are and how accurate they can ever be. Here, we assemble what we believe to be the largest publicly available dataset of proteins and congeneric series of small molecules and assess the accuracy of the leading FEP workflow in predicting relative binding affinities. To ascertain the limit of achievable accuracy, we survey the reproducibility of experimental relative affinity measurements by comparing chemical series that have been assayed by two or more different techniques. We find a wide variability in experimental accuracy and a general correspondence between binding and functional assays. When the protein and ligand structures are prepared with care, we find that FEP can achieve a level of accuracy close to what we find in our experimental survey. Throughout, we highlight reliable protocols that can help maximize the accuracy of FEP in prospective studies.
Emergence of a new variant of dengue virus serotype 2 in Jazan region, southwestern Saudi Arabia
Authors: Dafalla Ommer , Abdulhaq Ahmed A. , Almutairi Hatim , Noureldin Elsiddig , Ghzwani Jaber , Mashi Omar , Shrwani Khalid J. , Hobani Yahya , Sufyani Ohood , Ayed Reem , Alamri Abdullah , Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M. , Eisa Zaki 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background: Dengue virus (DENV) infection is a global economic and public health concern, particularly in tropical and subtropical countries where it is endemic. Saudi Arabia has seen an increase in DENV infections, especially in the western and southwestern regions. This study aims to investigate the genetic variants of DENV-2 that were circulating during a serious outbreak in Jazan region in 2019.
Methods: A total of 482 serum samples collected during 2019 from Jazan region were tested with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect and classify DENV; positive samples underwent sequencing and bioinformatics analyses.
Results: Out of 294 positive samples, type-specific RT-PCR identified 58.8% as DENV-2 but could not identify 41.2%. Based on sequencing and bioinformatics analyses, the samples tested PCR positive in the first round but PCR negative in the second round were found to be a new genetic variant of DENV-2. The newly identified DENV-2 variant showed similarities to DENV-2 sequences reported in Malaysia, Singapore, Korea and China. The results revealed a new genetic variant of DENV-2 was circulating in Jazan region that was highly prevalent and drove the serious regional outbreak in 2019.
Conclusions: The emergence of new DENV variants is a serious challenge for the dengue fever surveillance and control programmes in endemic areas. Therefore, further investigations and continuous surveillance of existing and new viral strains in the region are warranted.
Analysis of The Effect of Atmosphere-Ocean Interaction on Winter Rainfall in Iran
Authors: Ebrahimi Atefe , Rahimi Dariush , Gushchina Daria 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Decades of drought and heavy rainfall are the most important climatic hazards in Iran. Anomalies and concentration of winter rainfall are effective in the challenge and water shortage. Iran's rainfall is strongly influenced by teleconnection. So that changes in SLP[1],SST[2] and changes in the level of 500 hPa have an effective role in the temporal distribution and volume of rainfall. The effect of three factors of sea level pressure, 2.5°*2.5° were evaluated from 1984 to 2018.The results indicated that decreased pressure on the Red Sea (Sudan Low) and the Pacific Ocean and increased pressure on the Atlantic and Indian oceans increase Iran's winter precipitation. In 500hpa, the results indicated that increased winter precipitation in Iran is associated with an increase in altitude of 500hPa on the Baltic Sea and the Indian Ocean and a decrease in altitude of 500hPa on the Caspian Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, the Arabian Sea and the Red Sea. In SST, the results indicated that the linkage between SST and precipitation of Iran is positive in regions such as the Arabian and Red sea, Madagascar, and north Atlantic Ocean. Therefore, any change in sea level pressure, 500hPa level and sea surface temperature leads to positive and negative anomalies on Iran's rainfall. Therefore, global warming, which leads to changes in SLP, atmospheric thickness (1000-500) and SST, has a greater impact on Iran's rainfall and leads to challenges in water resources and climate risks.

[1] -Sea level pressure
[2] -Sea surface temperature
Bioremediation of Cu with the Endophytic Bacteria Bacillus sp. and Streptomyces griseus
Authors: Özkoç Hülya Böke , Aliustaoğlu Miraç Tansu , Şentürk İlknur 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this study, the acute toxic effect of copper on organisms was determined with the use of two bacterial species Bacillus sp. and Streptomyces griseus. After 4 days of acute toxicity test, changes in metal and bacteria concentration in water, inhibition (%), bioaccumulation rate and bioconcentration factor were evaluated in terms of toxicology. Cell weights decreased and inhibition rates (%) increased with increasing metal concentrations after a certain level (10 mg L-1 Cu). With increasing metal concentrations from 5 to 25 mg L-1, % biosorption decreased from 35.94 to 20.73 for S. griseus and from 56.36 to 34.47 for Bacillus sp. The bioaccumulation quantities increased with increasing metal concentrations for both species. Bacillus sp. and S. griseus are suitable candidates for bioremediation of copper ions from the contaminated environment.
MDK Promotes Lymph Node Metastasis of Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Activating the PI3K/AKT and p38 MAPK Pathway
Authors: Fei He , Lin Qiwang , Wang Shu , Shen Min , Yu Huihui , Jin Yunfeng , Chen Tong , Jiang Hua 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The mechanism of lymph node metastasis (LNM) of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) remains unconfirmed. Here we investigate the effects and mechanisms of midkine (MDK) on CSCC LNM.
Methods
The expression of MDK in CSCC and normal cervical tissue was analyzed. In vivo and in vitro experiments explored the effects of MDK on LNM. A retrospective study of 134 CSCC and 53 healthy controls on the relationship of serum-MDK(s-MDK) and clinicopathological characteristics was performed to evaluate the clinical value of s-MDK in CSCC LNM.
Results
MDK was highly expressed in CSCC and overexpression of MDK was associated with CSCC LNM.MDK promoted LNM by enhancing proliferation, migration and invasion capacity of cervical cancer cells, facilitating lymphangiogenesis and down-regulating the expression of tight junction proteins of human lymphatic endothelial cells. MDK exerted these biological effects by interacting with syndecan-1 and activating PI3K/AKT and p38 MAPK pathway. s-MDK was related to LNM, stage, tumor size, vascular invasion and muscle invasion. s-MDK combined with serum-squamous cell carcinoma antigen improved the diagnostic accuracy of CSCC LNM.
Conclusions
These findings established a new mechanism of LNM and highlighted MDK as a candidate tumor biomarker and therapeutic target in CSCC.
Frequency-specific brain network architecture in resting-state fMRI
Authors: Kajimura Shogo , Margulies Daniel , Smallwood Jonathan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The analysis of brain function in resting-state network (RSN) models, which has been found in the functional connectivity pattern of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), is sufficiently powerful for studying large-scale functional integration of the brain. Although there has been an increasing interest in the relatively higher frequency of rs-fMRI data, the network architecture has been regarded as the same through different frequency bands in RSN-based research. This study examined whether the network architecture changes with frequency. The blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal was decomposed into four frequency bands (ranging from 0.007 Hz to 0.438 Hz), for each of which the clustering algorithm was applied. The best clustering number was selected for each frequency-band based on the overlap ratio with task activation maps provided by Neurosynth. The results demonstrate that (1) resting-state BOLD signals have frequency-specific network architecture, that is, the networks finely subdivided in the lower frequency bands are integrated into fewer networks in higher frequency bands rather than reconfigured, and (2) the default mode network(DMN) is the only associative network that has a strong enough architecture to survive the increasing noise in higher frequency bands. These findings provide a novel framework that enables a better understanding of brain function through the multiband frequency analysis of ultra-slow rs-fMRI data.
Synthesis and Characterization of NiS and Zn doped NiS Quantum Dots and their application in methylene blue degradation in aqueous solution
Authors: Qayoom Azad , Ashraf Irtiqa , Jan saima , Rashid Adfar , Ayoub Mehnaz , Kumar Deepak 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Abstract
The NiS and Zn-doped NiS Quantum dots were synthesized using the solvothermal approach. The nanomaterial prepared was investigated with FESEM, EDS and XRD to determine morphology and size of the compound. The presence of functional groups present in our molecule was analysed with FTIR spectroscopy. The elemental composition of NiS and Zn doped NiS QDs was examined by EDS analysis. The results indicate that crystalline samples of NiS and Zn-doped NiS QDs with specific surface area were synthesized. The band gap energy of NiS and Zn doped NiS was calculated using Tauc plot. The photodegradation efficiency of NiS and Zn doped NiS nanomaterial was examined in this article. The results obtained indicate that Zn doping enhance the photocatalytic activity of NiS Quantum Dots (QDs). Thus, Zn doped NiS could be employed as an effective photocatalyst against environmental contaminant Methylene Blue dye.
Genetic insights into cholesteryl ester transfer protein as a novel therapeutic target for sepsis and severe pneumonia
Authors: Li Quan , Wang Yang , Sun Mingwei , Wang Ruiyu , Wang Minggui , Zeng Jun , Zhu Huadong , Lv Chuanzhu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Lipoproteins were associated with sepsis related mortality because of their critical role in immune-inflammatory modulation and pathogen sequestration. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), a lipid-modifying drug target, was reported to be associated with sepsis in recent animal models. However, whether there was a causal effect of inhibition of CETP on reducing the risk of sepsis and severe pneumonia for patients in critical care being still unknown. Therefore, we estimated the causal association of genetically proxied inhibition of CETP, along with high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol directly, with the risk of sepsis, pneumonia and 28-day mortality in critical care.
Methods
The genotype of sepsis and pneumonia cohorts (N 431,365) were obtained from multi-center biobanks throughout the United Kingdom between 2006 and 2010. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CETP associated with circulating high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) (N 188,577) were used to proxy inhibition of CETP. We also conducted genetically proxied other three commonly lipid-modifying drug targets (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, and Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1) using a similar method. A drug-target Mendelian randomization framework with inverse-variance weighted method was used to assess the causal association.
Results
Genetically proxied inhibition of CETP was significantly associated with lower risk of sepsis (odds ratio [OR], 0.83 [95% CI, 0.73–0.95]; P = 0.005), pneumonia (OR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.72–0.86]; P = 1.46e-07) and lower 28-day mortality from sepsis in critical care (OR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.52–0.87]; P = 0.003). There was no significant evidence of direct association of genetically proxied high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and other commonly lipid-modifying drug targets with sepsis, pneumonia and 28-day mortality in critical care.
Conclusion
Our findings support a causal effect of genetically proxied inhibition of CETP on lower risk of sepsis, severe pneumonia, and sepsis related mortality in critical care. This effect seems to be mechanism-specific, independent of circulating high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. However, whether pharmaceutical CETP inhibitors could be a promising strategy for sepsis prevention and treatment remained further clinical trials.
Photodegradation of Carbofuran in Paddy Water Samples
Authors: Baharudin Nurul Syuhada Haji , Ahmad Harlina 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Rice fields are one of the agricultural sectors in Malaysia that are heavily pesticide-treated. This study aimed to determine how carbofuran degrades in paddy water and what happens to its metabolite products, carbofuran phenol, and 3-ketocarbofuran. The experiment was conducted in two distinct ways, with one water sample being exposed to sunshine and the other remaining in the dark. Within 56 days of observation, the study discovered that carbofuran decomposed very slowly in all conditions. The water sample exposed to sunlight showed a faster degradation rate, 0.04 day-1, compared to the water kept in the dark at 0.0186 day-1. The results also demonstrated that photolysis and hydrolysis enhance the degradation of the carbofuran in the water. Both 3-ketocarbofuran and carbofuran–phenol was detected as metabolites with low concentration levels, ranging from 0.03 to 0.23 ppm. These metabolites are considered 'emerging pollutants' as they can be detected in the environment and may post-treat as much as the parent compounds themselves. Hence, this study is trying to fill in the research gap to assess the route and rate of carbofuran and its transformation products.
Continue or quit? -- Recommendations for repeated controlled ovarian stimulation therapy
Authors: Qi Lin , Wang Shiming , Liu Yaping , Chen Xiaoli , Wang Ningning , Su Yingchun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: It is ambiguous whether the multiple COS with supraphysiologic hormonal doses impact ovarian reserve functions or pregnancy outcomes. Furthermore, relevant retrospective studies are relatively scarce, chiefly in the last century, and ART techniques have seen innovation and improvement in the previous 20 years.
Methods: The retrospective study included 45,555 IVF/ICSI fresh cycles enrolled between January 2015 and March 2021 were segregated into 5 different cycle cohorts. The participants were retrospectively grouped according to the number of repeated cycles. The primary observables symbolizing ovarian reserve function were antral follicle count (AFC) and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). We analyzed clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), live birth rates (LBR), and early miscarriage rate (EMR) to explore clinical pregnancy outcomes. Statistical methods were used for intra-group self-control comparisons, between-group comparisons, and logistic regression analysis.
Result(s): Among the ovarian reserve function indicators, the AMH, AFC, basal FSH and basal LH exhibit no difference between groups (P> 0.05). In different populations, there was a natural dropout trend for CPR (r = - 0.922, P = 0.026) and LBR (r = - 0.920, P = 0.027) with increasing number of population repetitions, while EMR displayed an increasing trend (r = 0.957, P = 0.011). All differences between groups were statistically significant after logistic regression analysis. Intra-group analysis within same population revealed that, Cycle 2 in Group B (aOR = 8.29; 95% CI, 6.80-10.12; P = 0.000), Cycle 3 in Group C (aOR = 6.05; 95% CI, 3.28-11.15; P = 0.000) and Cycle 4 in Group D (aOR = 20.46; 95% CI, 3.05-137.24; P = 0.002) had the highest CPR within each group; Cycle 2 in Group B and Cycle 3 in Group C had the highest LBR and lowest EMR within each group, and the differences did not reached statistical significance in the remaining groups.
Conclusion(s): Repeated COS ( ≤ 5 times) does not disrupt ovarian reserve function. A raise in cycle number significantly increases CPR in the cohort of ≤ 4 repeated cycles, improves LBR, and reduces EMR in cohorts with ≤ 3 repeated cycles. Hence, patients are not advised to undergo ≥ 5 COS cycles.
Comparison of different Gaussian fitting and phase contrast retrieval methods
Authors: Djurabekova Nargiza , Buchanan Ian , Doherty Adam , Endrizzi Marco , Enwald Joel , Munro Peter , Olivo Alessandro , Savvidis Savvas , Arridge Simon 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Edge illumination is an X-ray phase contrast imaging technique that allows for the recovery of differential phase and dark-field (also known as scattering) contrast, in addition to conventional attenuation based contrast. These signals are retrieved by analysing the illumination profile of a series of beamlets across a detector. This can provide a wealth of information about the sample, especially biological tissues which produce little contrast using conventional attenuation radiography. To perform signal retrieval, Gaussian curves can be fit to the illumination profiles using a variety of methods. In this work, we compare the most prominent of these methods in terms of their contrast to noise ratio as well as computational times to investigate their effect on the retrieved projection data as well as the final reconstructions.