bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anticoagulant therapy with direct oral anticoagulants in the context of polypragmasy: a course to safety
Authors: Sychev I. N. , Fedina L. V. , Gabrielyan D. A. , Rastvorova T. D. , Strigunkova E. V. , Mirzayev K. B. , Sychev D. A. 
Published: October 2022

Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in the world. For almost 60 years vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) have been the mainstay of anticoagulant therapy, but in recent years direct oral anticoagulants (DAACs) have become the anticoagulant of choice, as they have many well-known advantages: more predictable anticoagulant effect, no need for dose selection (there is a need for dose adjustment only for renal dysfunction), routine laboratory monitoring of pharmacodynamic effect (except in special clinical situations), less frequency of clinically significant drug interactions compared with warfarin, and less dependence on patient genetic characteristics. The main indications for POAC are: prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients who have undergone endoprosthesis of lower limbs, prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation, treatment and prevention of recurrent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism. The administration of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) has long been considered a major therapeutic advance, mainly because they do not require therapeutic monitoring. Despite this, POACs, like vitamin K antagonists, can still cause major and clinically significant minor bleeding, even when used correctly. Considering that POAC patients are often older and have multiple comorbidities, polypragmasy is widespread. Drug interactions involving POACs are important contributors to the increased risk of bleeding. Awareness of these drug interactions and how to address them is critical to optimizing treatment while reducing the risk of bleeding. This review provides an overview of POAC metabolism, the most common drugs that may interact with POACs, and ways to eliminate these interactions.
Effect of phosphate binder therapy on FGF-23 levels in dialysis patients
Authors: Rind A. R. , Essaian A. M. , Zaraiskii M. I. 
Published: October 2022

Introduction. Fibroblast growth factor type 23 (FGF-23) inhibits phosphate reabsorption and vitamin D hormone synthesis in the kidneys. There is a known relationship between FGF-23 levels and serum phosphate, as well as a direct correlation between hyperphosphatemia and the risk of cardiovascular events.Aim. To evaluate associations between serum FGF-23 levels and bone and mineral metabolism in patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT) with hemo- and peritoneal dialysis, receiving and not receiving phosphate binders.Materials and methods. The study included 65 patients, of which 43 received maintenance hemodialysis tratment (HD), and 22 – peritoneal dialysis (PD). The control group consisted of 28 healthy volunteers.Results. The increase in the concentration of FGF-23 in the blood serum in patients on maintenance HD correlated with the vintage of dialysis treatment (rs = 0,765; p = 0,04). The positive correlation was found between the serum concentrations of FGF-23 and inorganic phosphorus (rs = 0,54; p = 0,03). The serum level of FGF-23 positively correlated with the serum PTH level (rs = 0,5; p = 0,01). In patients receiving sevelamer carbonate levels of FGF-23 was lower, than in control group (12.4 ± 5.9, and 23 ± 7.3, respectively; p = 0.003), as well as PTH (110 ± 27 ng/mL, and 340 ± 15, respectively; p = 0.01).Conclusions. The level of FGF-23 in dialysis patients directly correlated with the serum level of PTH and “dialysis vintage”. The use of phosphate binders, in particular sevelamer carbonate, positively affects the expression of FGF-23 and PTH in dialysis patients.
The place of diltiazem in the treatment of patients with stable angina in concomitant bronchial asthma
Authors: Grigorieva N. Yu. , Kolosova K. S. , Soloveva D. V. , Blokhina E. I. 
Published: October 2022

Introduction. In the treatment of stable angina in patients with concomitant bronchial asthma (BA), the bronchopulmonary system may be adversely affected by a number of drugs. Diltiazem may be the drug of choice when antianginal therapy with a pulseslowing effect is required, but β-blockers are contraindicated.Aim of the study. To compare the antianginal, pulse-slowing and vasoprotective effects of the calcium antagonist (CA) diltiazem, the calcium antagonist verapamil and the cardioselective beta-adrenoblocker (BAB) bisoprolol in the treatment of stable angina (SA) patients with concomitant BA.Materials and methods. The study included 60 patients with stable angina II-III FC with concomitant mild or moderate persistent BA. The patients were divided into three groups of 20 patients depending on antianginal drugs: Group 1 received betaadrenoblocker bisoprolol, Group 2 – calcium antagonist verapamil, Group 3 – calcium antagonist diltiazem. All patients underwent cardiography (Doppler EchoCG), external respiration function (ERF), endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDVD) study at baseline and after 2, 4, 6 weeks of treatment.Results. No negative dynamics of FEV1 was found in patients of all groups during the study of ERF after 6 weeks of treatment. There was a statistically significant increase in FEV1 after 6 weeks of treatment in group 3 patients receiving diltiazem (p = 0.032). There was a statistically significant decrease in HR in all three groups during treatment, but in group 2 the dynamics were significantly lower when treated with verapamil. Analysis of mPAP of patients showed that it decreased in all groups after 6 weeks of treatment, but significant dynamics was noted only in Group 3. EDVD test after 6 weeks of treatment revealed positive dynamics, with a statistically significant increase in the index registered in patients of groups 1 and 3.Conclusions. In treatment of patients with stable angina with mild and intermediate persistent disease without exacerbation, antianginal therapy with the calcium antagonist diltiazem has marked antianginal, pulse-slowing action, has vasoprotective effect on the small and large circulatory vessels, improves the parameters of bronchial permeability.
Functional and quantitative computed tomographic changes in the bronchopulmonary system in patients who have undergone COVID-19
Authors: Cherniak A. V. , Karchevskaya N. A. , Skorobogach I. M. , Leshchinskaya O. V. , Kalmanova E. N. , Zykov K. A. , Petrikov S. S. 
Published: October 2022

Introduction. COVID-19 is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. After the acute phase and discharge from the hospital, convalescent people continue to have respiratory symptoms, changes in pulmonary function (PF) and indicators of chest computed tomography (CT).Aim. To evaluate changes in PF and quantitative CT data in patients after severe coronavirus pneumonia.Materials and methods. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted: 55 patients (including 28 men, aged 32–78 years) with a diagnosis of “lung interstitial process due to a coronavirus infection” were examined. All patients underwent a study of PF (spirometry, body plethysmography, measurement of the diffusion lung capacity: DLCO) in the interval of 24–305 days after discharge from the hospital. CT scan of the chest was performed simultaneously with the functional examination (±30 days), the parameters were calculated: ground glass areas, functional lung tissue volume (FV), affected tissue volume (AV), CovidQ (AV/FV ratio).Results. A decrease in DLCO was found in 28 patients. Restrictive disorders – in 13 patients, obstructive disorders – in 2 patients. At the time of the CT examination, all patients had residual changes in both lungs of varying severity. Functional parameters (FVC, TLC and DLCO) were statistically significantly correlated with the CT data.Conclusion. During the recovery period in patients after COVID-19, lung structural changes, according to CT scans, persist for at least 3 months. Pulmonary ventilation indicators in most patients normalize during this time, half of the patients retained a decrease in diffusion lung capacity. Acknowledgment. The study was carried out as part of the state task on the topic: “The impact of the new coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2 on the functional parameters of the respiratory system during the convalescence period” (code: “PostCOVID-functional diagnostics”).
Prospects for studying the role of some essential and toxic trace elements in the pathogenesis of COVID-19
Authors: Sharipova M. M. , Romanov A. O. , Ivkina M. V. , Arkhangelskaia A. N. , Gurevich K. G. 
Published: October 2022

Despite the development and implementation of vaccines in various countries of the world, COVID-19 remains a significant medical and social problem. This is directly related to the characteristic feature of SARS-CoV-2 to form new strains, which reduces the effectiveness of vaccination. In connection with the foregoing, the priority in the prevention of COVID-19 is to improve and maintain the normal functioning of the human immune system. Recently, more and more scientists have noted the significant role of micronutrients in ensuring immune function. However, most research focuses on micronutrients such as zinc, selenium, iron and copper, while it is known that the balance of micronutrients depends on all its constituents. Consequently, any change in the content of one mineral substance can affect the level of others, leading to an imbalance of trace elements in the body. The aim of this work was to analyze literature data on less studied microelements in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, both essential and toxic, that can affect the state of the immune system and, as a result, the incidence and risk of complications and adverse outcomes in COVID-19. An analysis of the literature on the effect of manganese, chromium, iodine, cadmium, mercury, lead, arsenic and lithium on human antiviral protection, including in the case of a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, showed that the determination of the microelement status, taking into account the above microelements and, with necessary, the appointment of preparations containing minerals is promising for the purpose of prevention and as an additional therapy for COVID-19.
New coronavirus infection (COVID-19) and respiratory diseases / pathological conditions
Authors: Trukhan D. I. 
Published: October 2022

The respiratory system is the main target of the novel coronavirus infection (COVID19) spread by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The interim guidelines of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation “Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19)” (14th version of December 27, 2021) discuss pneumonia in COVID-19 in detail. The issues of the course of other respiratory diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-COPD, bronchial asthma) are considered in them very briefly. Other diseases and pathological conditions of the respiratory organs are ignored. The federal clinical guidelines Bronchial Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults published in 2021 do not discuss the course of these diseases in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. A search was made for literature on the association of major diseases and pathological conditions of the respiratory organs with the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in the electronic search engines PubMed and Scopus. The literature sources found indicate that the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 certainly has a specific, often negative, effect on the respiratory system as a whole, and in particular, on certain respiratory diseases and pathological conditions. However, this influence is sometimes ambiguous. Thus, patients with COPD, along with patients with arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and other cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, belong to a vulnerable group of the population during the COVID-19 pandemic, but there was a decrease in the frequency of exacerbations of COPD during the pandemic, especially hospitalizations. due to severe exacerbations. A number of meta-analyses and systematic reviews have shown that the risk of contracting COVID-19 in people with asthma is lower than in people without asthma. There is no association between asthma and a more severe course and worse prognosis of COVID-19. The relationship of diseases/pathological conditions of the respiratory system and COVID-19, therefore, requires further study and clarification.
Jute (Corchorus olitorius) stick charcoal: a potential bioadsorbent for the removal of Cr(VI) from an aqueous solution
Authors: Zaman Samina , Biswas Pipasa , Zaman Rafiuz , Islam Md. Shahnul , Mehrab Md. Nayeem , Ghosh Gopal Chandra , Habib Ahsan , Chakraborty Tapos Kumar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study investigated the performance of jute stick charcoal (JSC) as a biosorbent for the removal of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] from an aqueous solution. The batch adsorption experiment was conducted by influencing various experimental conditions like contact time (5–240 min), pH (2–8), initial Cr(VI) concentration (10–100 mg/L), and JSC dose (2–10 g/L). The study result shows that maximum Cr(VI) removal (99%) was found at pH 2, 20 mg/L of initial Cr(VI) concentration, 8 g/L of the JSC dose, and 150 min of equilibrium contact time. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) were used to characterize the JSC surface characteristics. The Cr(VI) adsorption data of JSC were better described by the Freundlich (R2= 0.995) and Halsey (R2= 0.995) isotherm models. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of JSC was 11.429 mg/g. Kinetic adsorption data of JSC followed the pseudo-second-order model (R2=1.0) as compared with the pseudo-first-order model (R2=0.97) and this adsorption process was controlled by chemisorption with multi-step diffusion. Finally, this study revealed JSC as an effective adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal from an aqueous solution.
Application of tannin-based coagulant for high-range turbidity surface water clarification
Authors: de Oliveira Camila , Trevisan Viviane , Skoronski Everton 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a tannin-based coagulant in clarifying drinking water from a high-range turbidity river and characterizing the sludge. Tanfloc MTH product was selected for this investigation. The study site was surface water located in southern Brazil (Caveiras River, Brazil). Samples were collected just before the Parshall flume in the municipal water treatment plant in Lages (Brazil) for nine months, at least once a week. Jar testing evaluated turbidity removal, alkalinity consumption, optimal coagulant dosage, and settling velocity. After flocculation and settling, the sludge generated from the jar test was submitted to metal and thermogravimetric analyses. The use of tannin reduced the average water turbidity from 26.1 ± 56.1 to 0.94 ± 0.26 NTU, apparent color from 145 ± 190 to 3 ± 3 Pt-Co, and there was no variation in the pH. Additionally, the settling velocity of the flocs reached a maximum turbidity removal at 3.5 cm·min−1. Furthermore, the metal concentrations in the sludge showed a majority of aluminum and iron, and thermogravimetric analysis revealed 64% weight loss. In conclusion, Tanfloc presented the potential to be used in surface water clarification from the Caveiras river, and the extensive turbidity range observed during this study did not affect the operational stability.
Factors influencing the adsorption of antibiotics onto activated carbon in aqueous media
Authors: Singh Surya , Lundborg Cecilia Stålsby , Diwan Vishal 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWidespread use of antibiotics for treating human and animal ailments has increased their discharge in the environment through excreta. Moreover, unscientific disposal of unused antibiotics has further increased their presence in the environmental matrices. Thus, occurrence of used and/or discarded antibiotics in water resources is becoming a growing concern across the globe. Antibiotics and their residues in the aquatic environment are emerging contaminants which pose a serious threat to the aquatic biota as well as human beings by enhancing antibiotic resistance. Various methods are being adopted for the removal of these contaminants. Adsorption over activated carbon is one such promising method which is environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and efficient. However, there are various factors which affect the overall process efficiency, such as, properties of activated carbon/antibiotics/reaction medium etc. In this article, emphasis has been laid down on evaluating these factors, so that the experimental procedures may be optimized to obtain the highest possible removal efficiency for antibiotics in the aqueous media.
Perangkat Pembacaan Data Analog Peralatan Industri Dengan Komunikasi Standard RS-485
Authors: Sutikno Stephanus Budi , Aswin Muhammad , Rusli Mochammad 
Published: October 2022

<p class="Abstract"><span lang="SV">Perekaman data-data parameter atau variabel di perangkat kendali jaring tertutup di industri dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai macam cara. Dengan menggunakan programmbale Logic controller (PLC), perekaman data-data parameter berbasis waktu telah dilakukan. Namun keterbatasan memori PLC mempersulit pembacaan dan meningkatkan biaya perekaman. Perekaman dngan pena bergerak di industri, juga sering ditemui. Kelemahan cara ini adalah pemborosan kertas dan pengamatan variabel yang cukup sulit, sehingga tumpukan kertas hasil rekaman semakin banyak dan semakin mempersulit dokumentasi proses kendali industri. Oleh karena itu diperlukan perangkat yang fleksibel dengan memori yang dapat diekspansi dengan biaya murah dan tanpa kertas. Paper ini menjelaskan desain perangkat perekam dengan menggunakan komputer PC untuk data-data di lapangan industri. </span></p><p class="IndexTerms"> </p><p class="IndexTerms"> </p>
Pengujian Struktur Program Dengan Pengujian Jalur Dasar (Basis Path Testing) : Teori Dan Aplikasi
Authors: Kurniawan Tri Astoto 
Published: October 2022

<div>Pengujian perangkat lunak adalah sebuah proses eksekusi program yang dilakukan untuk menemukan kesalahan-kesalahan (errors). Salah satu teknik yang digunakan adalah pengujian struktur program/kotak putih (structural/white box/glass box testing) dengan menggunakan pengujian jalur dasar (basis path testing).</div><div> </div><div>Pengujian jalur dasar adalah merupakan suatu teknik pengujian struktur program yang dilakukan berdasarkan jalur-jalur lojik yang ada. Jalur dasar (basis path) didefinisikan sebagai suatu jalur unik yang terdapat pada struktur program dimana tidak diperbolehkan terjadinya perulangan lintasan jalur yang sama persis. Semua kemungkinan jalur dasar diidentifikasi dengan melakukan kombinasi-kombinasi jalur yang ada. Untuk bisa melakukan pengujian jalur dasar maka harus ditentukan dulu grafik alir (flow graph) yang diterjemahkan dari algoritma/flow chart struktur program yang akan diuji. Pengujian jalur dasar menggunakan cyclomatic complexity/number untuk mengukur tingkat kompleksitas dari struktur program yang akan diuji sekaligus sebagai dasar untuk menentukan kasus-kasus uji (test cases) yang akan dilakukan. Pada pembahasan artikel ini akan dijelaskan bagaimana menggambarkan grafik alir berdasarkan algoritma/flow chart yang akan diuji, menghitung cyclomatic complexity, menentukan jalur-jalur dasar dan mendefinisikan kasus-kasus uji yang akan dilakukan.</div><div> </div><div>Teknik pengujian jalur dasar diimplementasikan pada pengujian unit (unit testing) dan integrasi (integration testing). Teknik pengujian ini dapat digunakan untuk melakukan proses penjaminan mutu (quality assurance) terhadap produk perangkat lunak sebelum diserahkan kepada pengguna (customer).</div><div> </div><div><table width="636" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tbody><tr><td style="padding: 9.35pt;" align="left" valign="top"><p class="MsoTitle"><a name="_Toc176304127"></a><span class="JudulArtikelChar"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Pengujian Struktur Program Dengan Pengujian Jalur Dasar (</span></span>Basis Path Testing) : Teori Dan Aplikasi</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><!--[if !supportTextWrap]--><br clear="ALL" /> <!--[endif]-->
The Risk of Hospitalization and Mortality After Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Vaccine Type: Observational Study of Medical Claims Data
Authors: Kshirsagar Meghana , Nasir Md , Mukherjee Sumit , Becker Nicholas , Dodhia Rahul , Weeks William B , Ferres Juan Lavista , Richardson Barbra 
Published: October 2022

Background
Several risk factors have been identified for severe COVID-19 disease by the scientific community. In this paper, we focus on understanding the risks for severe COVID-19 infections after vaccination (ie, in breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections). Studying these risks by vaccine type, age, sex, comorbidities, and any prior SARS-CoV-2 infection is important to policy makers planning further vaccination efforts.

Objective
We performed a comparative study of the risks of hospitalization (n=1140) and mortality (n=159) in a SARS-CoV-2 positive cohort of 19,815 patients who were all fully vaccinated with the Pfizer, Moderna, or Janssen vaccines.

Methods
We performed Cox regression analysis to calculate the risk factors for developing a severe breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection in the study cohort by controlling for vaccine type, age, sex, comorbidities, and a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Results
We found lower hazard ratios for those receiving the Moderna vaccine (P<.001) and Pfizer vaccine (P<.001), with the lowest hazard rates being for Moderna, as compared to those who received the Janssen vaccine, independent of age, sex, comorbidities, vaccine type, and prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further, individuals who had a SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to vaccination had some increased protection over and above the protection already provided by the vaccines, from hospitalization (P=.001) and death (P=.04), independent of age, sex, comorbidities, and vaccine type. We found that the top statistically significant risk factors for severe breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections were age of >50, male gender, moderate and severe renal failure, severe liver disease, leukemia, chronic lung disease, coagulopathy, and alcohol abuse.

Conclusions
Among individuals who were fully vaccinated, the risk of severe breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection was lower for recipients of the Moderna or Pfizer vaccines and higher for recipients of the Janssen vaccine. These results from our analysis at a population level will be helpful to public health policy makers. Our result on the influence of a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection necessitates further research into the impact of multiple exposures on the risk of developing severe COVID-19.