bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation of residual stress distribution on girth welds fabricated at proximity using neutron diffraction technique
Authors: Bhardwaj Sachin , Ratnayake R. M. Chandima , Polatidis Efthymios , Capek Jan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMaintaining minimum distance between repair and existing welds often becomes impractical due to the presence of compact layouts, original welds of branches, nozzles, etc. on offshore structural elements, pipelines, and piping. Although some international codes and standards provide criteria for maintaining a minimum distance between proximity welds, most of them lack technical justification in relation to their effect on the structural integrity of welded components. The development of residual stresses has a significant effect (i.e., a negative effect on tensile stresses and a positive effect on compressive stresses) on the integrity of the welds fabricated at proximity. Hence, it is important to investigate the residual stress distribution on welds fabricated at proximity, especially at a distance away from the weld toe. This study presents findings on the characterization of residual stresses by neutron diffraction at the proximity region between two girth welds. The two welds were fabricated at proximity, using two different welding procedure specifications and at three different distances, on a structural steel pipe, grade S355. The three different welding distances between weld toes were maintained at 5, 10, and 15 mm respectively. The neutron diffraction-based residual stress distributions were investigated at the POLDI neutron instrument at the Swiss spallation source SINQ in Switzerland. The axial, hoop, and radial components of the residual stresses were experimentally investigated between proximity welds. The findings revealed that residual axial stresses at a 5-mm proximity distance were increased beyond the yield strength of the structural steel, grade S355. The findings of this study enable practitioners to take remedial actions to minimize the residual stresses developed in girth welds fabricated at proximity. Also, the findings enable us to derive technical justification for maintaining a minimum distance and developing welding procedure for welds fabricated at proximity.
Variational Analysis of the $$J_1$$–$$J_2$$–$$J_3$$ Model: A Non-linear Lattice Version of the Aviles–Giga Functional
Authors: Cicalese Marco , Forster Marwin , Orlando Gianluca 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe study the variational limit of the frustrated$$J_1$$J1–$$J_2$$J2–$$J_3$$J3spin model on the square lattice in the vicinity of the ferromagnet/helimagnet transition point as the lattice spacing vanishes. We carry out the$$\Gamma $$Γ-convergence analysis of proper scalings of the energy and we characterize the optimal cost of a chirality transition inBVproving that the system is asymptotically driven by a discrete version of a non-linear perturbation of the Aviles–Giga energy functional.
Das Kaposi-Sarkom – eine Komplikation bei therapierefraktärer Colitis ulcerosa
Authors: Fischer Anne Kristin , Kroesen Anton , Büttner Reinhard , Drebber Uta 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungWir berichten über den Zufallsbefund eines Kaposi-Sarkoms des Kolons bei schwerer therapierefraktärer Colitis ulcerosa. Die Patientin war zuvor lange immunsuppressiv mit Infliximab, Vedolizumab und Prednisolon behandelt worden. Serologische Untersuchungen schlossen eine HIV(„human immunodeficiency virus“)-Infektion aus.
Age, growth and maturity of Southern Ocean skates (Bathyraja spp.) from the Kerguelen Plateau
Authors: Wong Darren , Smart Jonathan J. , Barrow Joshua , Cleeland Jaimie , Yates Peter , Ziegler Philippe , Rizzari Justin R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThree species of Southern Ocean skates, Bathyrajaeatonii,Bathyrajairrasa and Bathyrajamurrayi, are commonly caught as incidental by-catch in fisheries around Heard Island and McDonald Islands of the Kerguelen Plateau. We used length-at-age data to present the species’ life history information (age, growth and maturity for the first-time). Length- and age-at-maturity analyses revealed that B.irrasa matured at > 6 years old and > 1000 mm total length (TL), which was older and larger than B.murrayi (> 5 years old and > 400 mm TL) but similar to B.eatonii (> 5 years old and > 900 mm). We fitted growth models using a multi-model Bayesian framework. Our findings support the assumption that B.irrasa is slow growing and late maturing compared to B.eatonii and B.murrayi, consequently putting it at greater risk to fishery-induced increases in mortality compared to other species (e.g., B.murrayi). This is the first-time age and growth has been estimated for these species, however sample sizes for B.murrayi and B.eatonii were small and hence growth models should be interpreted with caution. Our results represent vital information for population projection models and can therefore assist in the development and/or revision of current by-catch limits to inform ongoing management strategies and conservation efforts.
Favourable long-term recovery after decompressive craniectomy: the Northern Finland experience with a predominantly adolescent patient cohort
Authors: Korhonen Tommi K. , Suo-Palosaari Maria , Serlo Willy , Lahtinen Maija J. , Tetri Sami , Salokorpi Niina 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is an effective treatment of intracranial hypertension. Correspondingly, the procedure is increasingly utilised worldwide. The number of patients rendered vegetative following surgery has been a concern—a matter especially important in children, due to long anticipated lifetime. Here, we report the long-term outcomes of all paediatric DC patients from an 11-year period in a tertiary-level centre that geographically serves half of Finland.

Methods
We identified all patients younger than 18 years who underwent DC in the Oulu University Hospital between the years 2009 and 2019. Outcomes and clinicoradiological variables were extracted from the patient records.

Results
Mean yearly prevalence of brain injury requiring DC was 1.34/100 000 children—twenty-four patients underwent DC during the study period and 21 (88%) survived. The median age of the patients was 16.0 years, and the median preoperative GCS was 5.0 (IQR 5.0). Fifteen patients (63%) had made a good recovery (Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale ≥ 7). Of the surviving patients, two (9.5%) had not returned to school. After traumatic brain injury (n = 20), the Rotterdam CT score (mean 3.0, range 1 to 5) was not associated with mortality, poor recovery or inability to continue school (p = 0.13, p = 0.41, p = 0.43, respectively). Absent basal cisterns were associated with mortality (p = 0.005), but not with poor recovery if the patient survived DC (p = 0.81). Hydrocephalus was associated with poor recovery and inability to continue school (p = 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively).

Conclusion
Most of our patients made a favourable recovery and were able to continue school. No late mortality was observed. Thus, even in clinically and radiologically severely brain-injured children, decompressive craniectomy appears to yield favourable outcomes.
Fount, fate, features, and function of renal erythropoietin-producing cells
Authors: Dahl Sophie L. , Bapst Andreas M. , Khodo Stellor Nlandu , Scholz Carsten C. , Wenger Roland H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRenal erythropoietin (Epo)-producing (REP) cells represent a rare and incompletely understood cell type. REP cells are fibroblast-like cells located in close proximity to blood vessels and tubules of the corticomedullary border region. Epo mRNA in REP cells is produced in a pronounced “on–off” mode, showing transient transcriptional bursts upon exposure to hypoxia. In contrast to “ordinary” fibroblasts, REP cells do not proliferate ex vivo, cease to produce Epo, and lose their identity following immortalization and prolonged in vitro culture, consistent with the loss of Epo production following REP cell proliferation during tissue remodelling in chronic kidney disease. Because Epo protein is usually not detectable in kidney tissue, and Epo mRNA is only transiently induced under hypoxic conditions, transgenic mouse models have been developed to permanently label REP cell precursors, active Epo producers, and inactive descendants. Future single-cell analyses of the renal stromal compartment will identify novel characteristic markers of tagged REP cells, which will provide novel insights into the regulation of Epo expression in this unique cell type.
Ethikbildung in der Pflege – strukturelle Besonderheiten und didaktische Implikationen der Pflegeausbildung
Authors: Riedel Annette , Lehmeyer Sonja , Monteverde Settimio 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Pflegeausbildung weist die Besonderheit auf, dass die berufliche Bildung an unterschiedlichen Lernorten erfolgt. Die jeweils beteiligten Lernorte (Lernort Theorie, Lernort Praxis, zunehmend erweitert durch den dritten Lernort, das Skillslab) beeinflussen und fördern die Entwicklung der Ethikkompetenzen der angehenden Pflegfachpersonen – lernortspezifisch als auch lernortübergreifend – in unterschiedlicher Weise. Diese besonderen strukturellen Gegebenheiten des Lehrens und Lernens wirken sich sowohl auf die Ausgestaltung der Ethikbildung als auch auf die Förderung der Ethikkompetenzentwicklung im Ausbildungsverlauf aus.Die Ausführungen leitet die folgende Frage: Welche spezifischen pädagogischen und didaktischen Anforderungen, aber auch welche bildungsrelevanten Rahmungen ergeben sich angesichts der unterschiedlichen Lernorte für die Ethikbildung und die Ethikkompetenzentwicklung zukünftiger Pflegefachpersonen?Der Beitrag unterstreicht die Relevanz einer systematischen, methodisch reflektierten und lernortabgestimmten Ethikbildung im Bereich der Pflegeausbildung wie auch die Relevanz der bewussten Einbindung ethischer Reflexionsräume in die Prozesse der Ethikkompetenzentwicklung an den jeweiligen Lernorten. Die Besonderheiten der Ethikbildung erschließen sich hierbei aus den pflegeberuflichen Anforderungen an das professionelle Pflegehandeln und aus den Erfahrungen der Lernenden an den unterschiedlichen Lernorten im Verlauf der Pflegeausbildung.
Reliable plagiarism detection system based on deep learning approaches
Authors: El-Rashidy Mohamed A. , Mohamed Ramy G. , El-Fishawy Nawal A. , Shouman Marwa A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe phenomenon of scientific burglary has seen a significant increase recently due to the technological development in software. Therefore, many types of research have been developed to address this phenomenon. However, detecting lexical, syntactic, and semantic text plagiarism remains to be a challenge. Thus, in this study, we have computed and recorded all the features that reflect different types of text similarities in a new database. The created database is proposed for intelligent learning to solve text plagiarism detection problems. Using the created database, a reliable plagiarism detection system is also proposed, which depends on intelligent deep learning. Different approaches to deep learning, such as convolution and recurrent neural network architectures, were considered during the construction of this system. A comparative study was implemented to evaluate the proposed intelligent system on the two benchmark datasets: PAN 2013 and PAN 2014 of the PAN Workshop series. The experimental results showed that the proposed system based on long short-term memory (LSTM) achieved the first rank compared to up-to-date ranking systems.
Hausgemachte Inflationsrisiken
Authors: Kooths Stefan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic massively interrupted economic activity all over the world. Governments responded by running huge fiscal deficits (financed via central banks) to support firms and consumers, thereby injecting purchasing power into the private sector on a large scale. With no corresponding production of goods and services, these phantom incomes are by their very nature inflationary. This explains the root cause of the post-pandemic price pressure. New fiscal programs created to compensate resulting losses of purchasing power only prolong the inflationary phase. Anchored inflation expectations are key to keeping the inflation process temporary. While this clearly falls under the responsibility of the monetary authorities, fiscal policymakers should support central banks by quickly ending the crisis mode. This is particularly important for the euro area where the problem of fiscal dominance would otherwise continue to increase.
Ein Vorschlag zur Reform der Slotvergabe an kapazitätsbeschränkten Verkehrsflughäfen
Authors: Knorr Andreas , Eisenkopf Alexander 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungLuftverkehrsdienste benötigen ergänzende boden- und luftseitige Infrastrukturen. Kapazitätsbeschränkungen des Start- und Landebahnsystems eines Flughafens stellen einen erheblichen Engpass dar. Das Nutzungsrecht hängt von der Verfügbarkeit eines Slots ab. Wenn die Nachfrage nach Slots das Angebot übersteigt, ist ein Zuweisungsverfahren erforderlich. In den meisten Ländern der Welt gibt es dafür keinen Marktmechanismus. Eine Besitzstandsklausel beschränkt den Zutritt für Neueinsteiger auf überlasteten Flughäfen. Aus der Perspektive der Eigentumsrechte lässt sich Abhilfe schaffen.
Krisenbewältigung beim Bafög durch einen Systemwechsel?
Authors: Gwosć Christoph , van der Beek Gregor 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungÖffentliche Studienfinanzierung kann entweder nach dem Fürsorge- oder dem Versorgungsprinzip gestaltet werden. In einem empirischen Vergleich werden zwei Gruppen von europäischen Ländern gegenübergestellt, die jeweils einem dieser Prinzipien folgen. Es zeigt sich, dass Länder, die das Versorgungsprinzip anwenden, im Durchschnitt einen deutlich größeren Teil ihrer Studierenden mit öffentlicher Unterstützung versorgen und die öffentliche Unterstützung einen größeren Anteil an den Gesamteinnahmen der Empfänger:innen ausmacht. Die Studierenden in diesen Ländern berichten seltener über (sehr) große finanzielle Schwierigkeiten. In Bezug auf die Teilhabegerechtigkeit schneiden die Länder, die das Versorgungsprinzip anwenden, jedoch geringfügig schlechter ab als die Länder der Vergleichsgruppe.
Exploring and Expanding Supererogatory Acts: Beyond Duty for a Sustainable Future
Authors: White Gareth R. T. , Samuel Anthony , Thomas Robert J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSupererogation has gained attention as a means of explaining the voluntary behaviours of individuals and organizations that are done for the benefit of others and which go above what is required of legislation and what may be expected by society. Whilst the emerging literature has made some significant headway in exploring supererogation as an ethical lens for the study of business there remain several important issues that require attention. These comprise, the lack of primary evidence upon which such examinations have been made, attention has been given to only singular pro-social acts of organizations, and the focus has been upon the actions of large organizations. Furthermore, Heyd’s (Supererogation, Cambridge University Press, 1982) original taxonomy of six supererogatory acts, comprising Moral Heroism, Beneficence, Volunteering, Favour, Forgiveness and Forbearance, has been considered to be complete and other forms of supererogatory acts have not yet been explored. In order to address these gaps this study poses the research questions: First, it studies how a single, contemporary SME performs multiple supererogatory acts in its attempts to address its social and environmental goals that go beyond CSR. Second, it seeks to gain a deeper theoretical understanding of Heyd’s (Supererogation, Cambridge University Press, 1982) taxonomy of six forms of supererogation through the capture of primary data. This research makes a three-year case study examination of a single SME that has been formally recognized for its work in addressing social and environmental issues at local, national and global levels. Primary data are acquired of the supererogatory acts that it performs through a three-year participant observation case study, utilizing 61 interviews and 3 focus groups with internal and external stakeholders. In doing so, it addresses the empirical limitations of the extant research, substantiates each of the forms that supererogatory acts may take, and makes a contribution to the theory of supererogation by identifying a further class of act that is ‘Sharing’.
Connections Between Numerical Algorithms for PDEs and Neural Networks
Authors: Alt Tobias , Schrader Karl , Augustin Matthias , Peter Pascal , Weickert Joachim 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe investigate numerous structural connections between numerical algorithms for partial differential equations (PDEs) and neural architectures. Our goal is to transfer the rich set of mathematical foundations from the world of PDEs to neural networks. Besides structural insights, we provide concrete examples and experimental evaluations of the resulting architectures. Using the example of generalised nonlinear diffusion in 1D, we consider explicit schemes, acceleration strategies thereof, implicit schemes, and multigrid approaches. We connect these concepts to residual networks, recurrent neural networks, and U-net architectures. Our findings inspire a symmetric residual network design with provable stability guarantees and justify the effectiveness of skip connections in neural networks from a numerical perspective. Moreover, we present U-net architectures that implement multigrid techniques for learning efficient solutions of partial differential equation models, and motivate uncommon design choices such as trainable nonmonotone activation functions. Experimental evaluations show that the proposed architectures save half of the trainable parameters and can thus outperform standard ones with the same model complexity. Our considerations serve as a basis for explaining the success of popular neural architectures and provide a blueprint for developing new mathematically well-founded neural building blocks.
Modelling Authenticity in Science Education
Authors: Schriebl Daniela , Müller Andreas , Robin Nicolas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe terms ‘authenticity’ and ‘authentic’ have been used increasingly frequently in educational contexts over the past decades. In science education, authenticity is claimed to be a crucial concept, inter alia, for students’ motivation and interest in science. However, both terms are used, defined and conceptualised in various and ambiguous ways. So far, however, a model to integrate and structure the various conceptualisations, definitions and findings with their implementation in a teaching context is lacking. In this contribution, we introduce such a model, coherently integrating a broad range of work done by previous authors. Meanwhile, the model is flexible enough for future extensions and refinements. As many authors have shown, the concept of authenticity is multidimensional. In the present contribution, we therefore introduce a multidimensional model, explaining each dimension with reference to previous work on authenticity before integrating them as the complete model. We will outline a tool for practitioners and researchers which is based on the introduced model.
A combined IR and XRD study of natural well crystalline goethites (α-FeOOH)
Authors: Kaufhold Stephan , Ufer Kristian , Hein Melanie , Götze Niko , Dohrmann Reiner 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGoethite (α-FeOOH) is one of the most abundant minerals on the Earth surface, occurring in temperate, tropical and equatorial climates. Fe in goethite can be substituted by many cations such as Al, Ni for instance. A large amount of research has been conducted on the effect of varying elemental compositions (mainly Al-content) on the spectral features of goethites with most of the studies based on materials synthesized with different elemental ratios. The different elemental ratios, however, may not only affect the composition of the products but also their crystallinity and/or particle size and shape. Both parameters are known to affect results of both X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared spectroscopy (IR). These methods are predominantely used to characterize goethites. In the present study, therefore, a significant set of natural goethites was considered in order to investigate the effect of elemental composition on XRD and IR results. The focus was on crystallised samples which had a limited chemical variability but artefacts caused by the presence of admixtures could be excluded in most cases. First of all Rietveld refinement was optimized based on varying different parameters. A fairly good correlation of Rietveld derived crystallite sizes and specific surface area determined by N2-adsorption (SSA) was found which proves the importance of considering the crystallite size parameters for Rietveld refinement and at the same times proves the quality of it. Using IR spectroscopy yet published relations of band position and Al-content could be confirmed despite the fact that the range of Al-contents was small. However, the band position of the Fe–O stretching, previously used as proxy for crystallinity assessment, was found to be least variable hence contradicting yet published results. Controversial results were also published for the effect of the Al-content on the position of the asymmetric FeOH stretching band at 450 cm−1. The goethites investigated in the present study indicate that the crystallite size determines the band position rather than the Al-content which is at least valid for the limited range of Al-contents. The results of the present study indicate that using synthetic sample sets bears the problem that more than one parameter might show systematic differences (e.g. crystallite size in a set of chemically varied goethites). The paper, therefore, provides IR reference data based on a set of natural well crystallised goethites.
Internal mammary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients based on anatomical imaging and functional imaging
Authors: Wang Wei , Qiu Pengfei , Li Jianbin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInternal mammary lymph node (IMLN) metastasis forms part of the clinical node classification for primary breast cancer, which influences the treatment strategy. However, because of the IMLNs’ complicated anatomical structures and relationships with adjacent structures, IMLN biopsy or resection is associated with a limited improvement in prognosis and a high complication rate. The positivity rate also varies broadly according to imaging modality, and there is a low rate of agreement between the imaging and pathological diagnoses, which creates imprecision in the preoperative staging. The IMLN positivity rate also varies remarkably, and there are no clear, accurate, and non-invasive modalities for diagnosing the pre-mastectomy IMLN status. Nevertheless, medical imaging modalities continue to evolve, with functional imaging and image-guided thoracoscopic biopsy of sentinel IMLNs being well established. Thus, personalized decision-making and treatment selection should be based on the modality-specific differences in the diagnosis of IMLN metastasis/recurrence and the patient’s specific risk factors.