bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular biology analysis of ABO blood group variants caused by natural chimaerism
Authors: Wang Yuqing , Mou Qiuju , Lei Hang , Heililahong Hasiyati , Zou Wei , Wang Xuefeng , Qian Chengrui , Cai Xiaohong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe chimaerism phenomenon constitutes a significant mechanism underlying ABO phenotype discrepancies; however, its detection has technical challenges. In the current study, we explored different techniques to establish the chimaeric status of ABO blood types.Materials and MethodsFifteen individuals with possible chimaeric ABO blood type, as suggested by standard tube or column agglutination method and RBC adsorption‐elution test, were enrolled in the study. The red blood cells from 11 investigated subjects showed mix‐field agglutination with anti‐A or anti‐B in blood typing; weak A or B antigens on the other four individuals' RBCs were detected by adsorption‐elution tests. The genetic study was conducted with PCR‐SSP genotype, DNA sequencing of the ABO gene, STR analysis and ddPCR.ResultsThe genetic chimaeric status was confirmed in four (27%) individuals by SSP test alone. The ABO gene sequencing identified an additional ABO allele and enabled chimaerism detection in 10 (67%) subjects. The STR analyses established the chimaerism status in 13 (87%) individuals. In the two cases where neither of the tests mentioned above had positive findings, the ddPCR was adopted, and microchimaerism, with an extremely low degree of chimaerism (0.77% and 0.12%), was revealed. The ddPCR revealed the unequal haplotypes (29.5% B vs. 70.5% O) in one subject and distinguished this B/O‐O/O chimaera from certain B subgroups (B/O genotype without any mutation) like B3.ConclusionThe ABO blood type chimaerism can be genetically established by comprehensive molecular methods, including PCR‐SSP/DNA sequencing, STR and ddPCR, which is particularly sensitive for the detection of microchimaerism.
Wound swabs versus biopsies to detect methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in experimental equine wounds
Authors: Brock Abbi K. , Chamoun‐Emanuelli Ana M. , Howard Emily A. , Huntzinger Katie D. , Lawhon Sara D. , Bryan Laura K. , Cosgriff‐Hernandez Elizabeth M. , Cohen Noah D. , Whitfield‐Cargile Canaan M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare: (1) the load and diversity of cultivatable bacterial species isolated from tissue biopsies with cultures from surface swabs, and (2) the ability of each technique to detect methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a model of MRSA‐infected equine wounds.Study designExperimental in vivo study.AnimalsThree light‐breed adult horses.MethodsFour 2.5 × 2.5 cm full‐thickness skin wounds were created on the dorsolateral aspect of each forelimb. Five days later, each wound was inoculated with a pure culture of MRSA (ATCC 43300). One hundred microlitres of 0, 5 × 108, 5 × 109 or 5 × 1010 colony forming units (CFU)/ml was used to inoculate each wound. Surface swabs (Levine technique) and tissue biopsy samples (3 mm punch biopsy) were obtained at 2, 7, 14, and 21 days after inoculation. Quantitative aerobic culture was performed using routine clinical techniques.ResultsA similar bacterial profile was identified from the culture of each wound‐sampling technique and there was moderate correlation (R = 0.49, P < .001) between the bacterial bioburdens. Agreement was fair (κ = 0.31; 95% CI, 0.129‐0.505) between the sampling techniques in identification of MRSA. Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus was isolated more frequently (P = .016) from cultures of tissue biopsies (79%; 76/96) than from surface swabs (62%; 60/96).ConclusionBacterial load and diversity did not differ between sampling techniques but MRSA was detected more often from the cultures of tissue biopsies.Clinical significanceTissue biopsy should be preferred to culture swab in wounds where MRSA is suspected.
Search for an Optimum in Thermal Systems and Processes
Authors: Jaluria Yogesh 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper considers the optimization of thermal systems and processes, which are of interest in a wide range of practical applications, on the basis of mathematical and numerical modeling as well as experimental data. Many complexities, such as property variations, complicated regions, combined transport mechanisms, chemical reactions, and intricate boundary conditions, typically arise in these systems, making experimentation and numerical simulation quite challenging. Consequently, many studies have obtained detailed results on the processes without going further into system design. Also, many important systems have not been optimized for best performance or output. This paper focuses on the practical aspects of obtaining an optimum in thermal systems and processes. Of particular interest are validation of the model and linking the simulation with system performance, design, and optimization. Optimization is considered both for the operating conditions as well as for the hardware of the system. Starting with a feasible domain that leads to an acceptable design, different optimization strategies may be employed. Both deterministic conditions and those with uncertainty are of interest and are outlined. Of particular interest is multiobjective optimization, since most thermal systems involve several important objectives, such as heat transfer rate and pressure in electronic cooling systems and product quality and production rate in manufacturing systems. The optimization is often a constrained one due to limitations on materials, cost, and operating conditions that determine the acceptable domain. Nature is replete with interesting examples where constrained multiobjective optimization is employed by various living creatures for food, safety, mobility, and other aspects of survival. A study of such natural phenomena can also be used in technology as we seek an optimum. Such nature-inspired optimization is discussed. Overall, the focus is on realistic and practical approaches that may be adopted to optimize thermal systems and processes to minimize energy consumption, enhance productivity, reduce environmental impact, improve heat transfer and achieve other objectives.
Evaluation of evidence supporting NICE recommendations to change people's lifestyle in clinical practice: cross sectional survey
Authors: Albarqouni Loai , Ringsten Martin , Montori Victor , Jørgensen Karsten Juhl , Bulbeck Helen , Johansson Minna 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesTo assess whether recommendations of individually oriented lifestyle interventions (IOLIs) in guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) were underpinned by evidence of benefit, and whether harms and opportunity costs were considered.DesignCross sectional survey.SettingUK.Data sourcesNICE guidelines and supporting evidence.Eligibility criteriaAll NICE pathways for IOLI recommendations (ie, non-drug interventions that healthcare professionals administer to adults to achieve a healthier lifestyle and improve health) were searched systematically on 26 August 2020. One author screened all retrieved pathways for candidate guidelines, while a second author verified these judgments. Two authors independently and in duplicate screened all retrieved guidelines and recommendations for eligibility, extracted data, and evaluated the evidence cited and the outcomes considered. Disagreements were noted and resolved by consensus.ResultsWithin 57 guidelines, 379 NICE recommendations were found for IOLIs; almost all (n=374; 99%) recommended the lifestyle intervention and five (1%) recommended against the intervention. Of the 379 recommendations, 13 (3%) were supported by moderate or high certainty evidence of a beneficial effect on patient relevant outcomes (n=7; 2%) or surrogate outcomes (n=13; 3%). 19 (5%) interventions considered psychosocial harms, 32 (8%) considered physical harms, and one (<1%) considered the opportunity costs of implementation. No intervention considered the burden placed on individuals by these recommendations.ConclusionFew NICE recommendations of lifestyle interventions are supported by reliable evidence. While this finding does not contest the beneficial effects of healthy habits, guidelines recommending clinicians to try to change people’s lifestyle need to be reconsidered given the substantial uncertainty about the effectiveness, harms, and opportunity costs of such interventions.
Validity of the ROX index in predicting invasive mechanical ventilation requirement in pneumonia
Authors: Reyes Luis F , Bastidas Goyes Alirio , Tuta Quintero Eduardo Andrés , Pedreros Karen D , Mantilla Yesid F , Herrera Manuela , Carmona Germán A , Saza Laura D , Bello Laura E , Muñoz Carlos A , Chaves Juan C , Arias Jennifer C , Alcaraz Paula M , Hernández María D , Nonzoque Alejandra P , Trujillo Natalia , Pineda Andrés F , Montaño Gina S 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundThe ROX index (Respiratory rate-OXygenation) has been described as a prediction tool to identify the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure treated with high-flow nasal cannula in order to avoid delay of a necessary intubation. However, its use in predicting the need for ventilatory support in hospitalised patients with CAP has not been validated.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study including subjects with CAP treated in the general ward, emergency service or intensive care unit of a third-level centre in Cundinamarca, Colombia, between January 2001 and February 2020. The ROX index was estimated as the ratio of oxygen saturation/fraction of inspired oxygen to respiratory rate.ResultsA total of 895 patients were included, of whom 93 (10%) required IMV. The ROX index proved to be a good predictor, presenting an area under the curve of receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) of 0.733 (95% CI 0.671 to 0.795, p<0.001) when determined by pulse oximetry and an AUROC of 0.779 (95% CI 0.699 to 0.859, p<0.001) when estimated by arterial blood gas (ABG) parameters, with an intraclass correlation of 0.894. The estimated cut-off point was 14.8; a score less than 14.8 indicates high risk of requiring IMV.ConclusionThe ROX index is a good predictor of IMV in hospitalised patients with CAP. It presents good performance when calculated through pulse oximetry and can replace the one calculated by ABG.
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (IONPs): Synthesis, Surface Functionalization, and Targeting Drug Delivery Strategies: Mini-Review
Authors: Abdulwahid Farah Shamil , Haider Adawiya J. , Al-Musawi Sharafaldin 
Published: September 2022

Iron oxide-based magnetic nanoparticles (IONPs) have received remarkable attention in a wide range of applications because of their unique physicochemical properties’ inheritance to the nanoscale. Among these nanoparticles (NPs), superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), as powerful noninvasive NPs, are widely used in nanomedicine applications such as targeted drug/ gene delivery, magnetic separation, cancer therapy, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) hyperthermia because of their superparamagnetic activity and remarkable small size. The synthesis of SPIONs and surface modification of these NPs for biological applications is an interesting research topic. These NPs have high magnetic susceptibility, a single magnetic domain, and a controlled magnetic behavior due to the SPION superparamagnetic feature. This review aims to explore the recently developed synthetic routes of SPIONs and show the best parameters to prepare SPIONs using pulsed laser ablation in liquid “PLAL” for biomedical applications. Furthermore, we highlight the properties, coating, and functionalization of SPIONs and their importance for biomedical applications, including targeted drug delivery and cancer therapy.
“I’m Just Overwhelmed”: Investigating Physical Therapy Accessibility and Technology Interventions for People with Disabilities and/or Chronic Conditions
Authors: Yamagami Momona , Mack Kelly , Mankoff Jennifer , Steele Katherine M. 
Published: September 2022

Many individuals with disabilities and/or chronic conditions (da/cc) experience symptoms that may require intermittent or on-going medical care. However, healthcare is an often-overlooked domain for accessibility work, where access needs associated with temporary and long-term disability must be addressed to increase the utility of physical and digital interactions with healthcare workers and spaces. Our work focuses on a specific domain of healthcare often used by individuals with da/cc: physical therapy (PT). Through a 12-person interview study, we examined how people’s access to PT for their da/cc is hampered by social (e.g., physically visiting a PT clinic) and physiological (e.g., chronic pain) barriers, and how technology could improve PT access. In-person PT is often inaccessible to our participants due to lack of transportation and insufficient insurance coverage. As such, many of our participants relied on at-home PT to manage their da/cc symptoms and work towards PT goals. Participants felt that PT barriers, such as having particularly bad symptoms or feeling short on time, could be addressed with well-designed technology that flexibly adapts to the person’s dynamically changing needs while supporting their PT goals. We introduce core design principles (adaptability, movement tracking, community building) and tensions (insurance) to consider when developing technology to support PT access. Rethinking da/cc access to PT from a lens that includes social and physiological barriers presents opportunities to integrate accessibility and adaptability into PT technology.
On the Existence of Multiple RSA Private Keys
Authors: Wu Chuan-Kun , Zhao Bin 
Published: September 2022

It is known that, given an RSA modulus,

n
=
p
q

, the public key

e

and the corresponding private key

d

satisfy the modulo congruence

e
d
≡
1

mod
ϕ

n

, where

ϕ

n

=

p
−
1

q
−
1

. Usually, the private key

d

can be computed efficiently using the extended Euclidean algorithm, and it is common knowledge that the private key is unique in the sense of modular

ϕ

n

. This paper shows that there exist multiple private keys

d

; they all satisfy that

d
<
ϕ

n

. This paper also presents the exact relationship between an RSA public key and a corresponding private key.
Family History of Prostate and Breast Cancer Integrated with a Polygenic Risk Score Identifies Men at Highest Risk of Dying from Prostate Cancer before Age 75 Years
Authors: Plym Anna , Zhang Yiwen , Stopsack Konrad H. , Jee Yon Ho , Wiklund Fredrik , Kibel Adam S. , Kraft Peter , Giovannucci Edward , Penney Kathryn L. , Mucci Lorelei A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Family history of prostate cancer is one of the few universally accepted risk factors for prostate cancer. How much an assessment of inherited polygenic risk for prostate cancer adds to lifetime risk stratification beyond family history is unknown.

Experimental Design:
We followed 10,120 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study with existing genotype data for risk of prostate cancer and prostate cancer–specific death. We assessed to what extent family history of prostate or breast cancer, combined with a validated polygenic risk score (PRS) including 269 prostate cancer risk variants, identifies men at risk of prostate cancer and prostate cancer death across the age span.

Results:
During 20 years of follow-up, 1,915 prostate cancer and 166 fatal prostate cancer events were observed. Men in the top PRS quartile with a family history of prostate or breast cancer had the highest rate of both prostate cancer and prostate cancer–specific death. Compared with men at lowest genetic risk (bottom PRS quartile and no family history), the HR was 6.95 [95% confidence interval (CI), 5.57–8.66] for prostate cancer and 4.84 (95% CI, 2.59–9.03) for prostate cancer death. Men in the two upper PRS quartiles (50%–100%) or with a family history of prostate or breast cancer (61.8% of the population) accounted for 97.5% of prostate cancer deaths by age 75 years.

Conclusions:
Our study shows that prostate cancer risk stratification on the basis of family history and inherited polygenic risk can identify men at highest risk of dying from prostate cancer before age 75 years.
The Amino Acid Homoarginine Inhibits Atherogenesis by Modulating T-Cell Function
Authors: Nitz Katrin , Lacy Michael , Bianchini Mariaelvy , Wichapong Kanin , Kücükgöze Irem Avcilar , Bonfiglio Cecilia A. , Migheli Roberta , Wu Yuting , Burger Carina , Li Yuanfang , Forné Ignasi , Ammar Constantin , Janjic Aleksandar , Mohanta Sarajo , Duchene Johan , Heemskerk Johan W.M. , Megens Remco T.A. , Schwedhelm Edzard , Huveneers Stephan , Lygate Craig A. , Santovito Donato , Zimmer Ralf , Imhof Axel , Weber Christian , Lutgens Esther , Atzler Dorothee 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Amino acid metabolism is crucial for inflammatory processes during atherogenesis. The endogenous amino acid homoarginine is a robust biomarker for cardiovascular outcome and mortality with high levels being protective. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We investigated the effect of homoarginine supplementation on atherosclerotic plaque development with a particular focus on inflammation.

Methods:
Female ApoE-deficient mice were supplemented with homoarginine (14 mg/L) in drinking water starting 2 weeks before and continuing throughout a 6-week period of Western-type diet feeding. Control mice received normal drinking water. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry were used for plaque- and immunological phenotyping. T cells were characterized using mass spectrometry–based proteomics, by functional in vitro approaches, for example, proliferation and migration/chemotaxis assays as well as by super-resolution microscopy.

Results:

Homoarginine supplementation led to a 2-fold increase in circulating homoarginine concentrations. Homoarginine-treated mice exhibited reduced atherosclerosis in the aortic root and brachiocephalic trunk. A substantial decrease in CD3
+
T cells in the atherosclerotic lesions suggested a T-cell–related effect of homoarginine supplementation, which was mainly attributed to CD4
+
T cells. Macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells were not affected. CD4
+
T-cell proteomics and subsequent pathway analysis together with in vitro studies demonstrated that homoarginine profoundly modulated the spatial organization of the T-cell actin cytoskeleton and increased filopodia formation via inhibition of Myh9 (myosin heavy chain 9). Further mechanistic studies revealed an inhibition of T-cell proliferation as well as a striking impairment of the migratory capacities of T cells in response to relevant chemokines by homoarginine, all of which likely contribute to its atheroprotective effects.

Conclusions:
Our study unravels a novel mechanism by which the amino acid homoarginine reduces atherosclerosis, establishing that homoarginine modulates the T-cell cytoskeleton and thereby mitigates T-cell functions important during atherogenesis. These findings provide a molecular explanation for the beneficial effects of homoarginine in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Sulfonylurea Is Associated With Higher Risks of Ventricular Arrhythmia or Sudden Cardiac Death Compared With Metformin: A Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Lee Teddy Tai Loy , Hui Jeremy Man Ho , Lee Yan Hiu Athena , Satti Danish Iltaf , Shum Yuki Ka Ling , Kiu Pias Tang Hoi , Wai Abraham Ka Chung , Liu Tong , Wong Wing Tak , Chan Jeffrey Shi Kai , Cheung Bernard Man Yung , Wong Ian Chi Kei , Cheng Shuk Han , Tse Gary 
Published: September 2022

Background
Commonly prescribed diabetic medications such as metformin and sulfonylurea may be associated with different arrhythmogenic risks. This study compared the risk of ventricular arrhythmia or sudden cardiac death between metformin and sulfonylurea users in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods and Results
Patients aged ≥40 years who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes or prescribed antidiabetic agents in Hong Kong between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2009, were included and followed up until December 31, 2019. Patients prescribed with both metformin and sulfonylurea or had prior myocardial infarction were excluded. The study outcome was a composite of ventricular arrhythmia or sudden cardiac death. Metformin users and sulfonylurea users were matched at a 1:1 ratio by propensity score matching. The matched cohort consisted of 16 596 metformin users (47.70% men; age, 68±11 years; mean follow‐up, 4.92±2.55 years) and 16 596 sulfonylurea users (49.80% men; age, 70±11 years; mean follow‐up, 4.93±2.55 years). Sulfonylurea was associated with higher risk of ventricular arrhythmia or sudden cardiac death than metformin hazard ratio (HR, 1.90 [95% CI, 1.73–2.08]). Such difference was consistently observed in subgroup analyses stratifying for insulin usage or known coronary heart disease.

Conclusions
Sulfonylurea use is associated with higher risk of ventricular arrhythmia or sudden cardiac death than metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
The Rights of Subjects over the Kingdom: Situating the History of Rights in Early Modern South Asia
Authors: Siddiqui Hasan Zahid 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Eighteenth-century critics of the concept of Oriental Despotism understood rights to hold an important place in the governance of Muslim-ruled empires. In asking what we might make of this idea, this article examines a tradition of speaking about the “rights of subjects over the kingdom” in sultanic India from the late fourteenth century onwards. This tradition, drawing to a significant extent from the writings of ‘Ali Hamadānī (d. 1384), articulated normative rights of recipience for sultanic subjects, often embedded in an early Islamic imaginaire. Sketching several iterations of this tradition over five centuries, the article argues that while the critique of the concept of Oriental Despotism, in so far as it dealt with rights, would come to focus centrally on the question of property rights, there was another, less familiar rights tradition that was left thereby in the shadows.
Parasitic variability of Meloidogyne hapla relative to soil groups and soil health conditions
Authors: Lartey Isaac , Kravchenko Alexandra , Bonito Gregory , Melakeberhan Haddish 
Published: September 2022

Summary
Parasitic variability (PV) of Meloidogyne hapla populations exists in broad production landscapes. How PV relates to soil health as described by the soil food web (SFW) is unknown. In an experiment replicated three times, nine M. hapla populations from muck and mineral soils with degraded and disturbed SFW conditions from three regions were used to test a hypothesis that PV varies by SFW conditions. The populations were inoculated at 2000 and 4000 eggs in 300 cm3 soil per pot. While the populations’ reproductive potential varied by the SFW condition, soil group, region and/or their interactions, they clustered into high (Population 13), medium (Population 8), and low (all populations from muck and one from mineral soil) PV. Populations 8 and 13 are from degraded mineral soils and the low PV populations are from disturbed and degraded soils, indicating that the conditions where PV exists are variable within or across soil groups. Consequently, the hypothesis is not supported.