bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paediatric intracranial dural arteriovenous shunts: types, clinical presentation and therapeutic management
Authors: Smajda Stanislas J. , Söderman Michael , Dorfmüller Georg , Dorison Nathalie , Nghe Marie-Claire , Rodesch Georges L. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Paediatric intracranial dural arteriovenous shunts have clinical presentations and evolutions, with angiographic characteristics that differ from those described in adults. We report our experience concerning their therapeutic management, emphasizing the relevance of early diagnosis and appropriate treatment for satisfactory neurocognitive development. Using a prospective database, we reviewed the clinical and radiological data of all children with dural arteriovenous shunts managed between 2002 and 2020. Dural shunts were categorized into three types: dural sinus malformations with arteriovenous shunts; infantile dural arteriovenous shunts; and adult-type dural arteriovenous shunts. Therapeutic strategies and outcomes were analysed depending on lesional subtypes. Modified Rankin Scale for the paediatric population was assessed pre-treatment and at last follow-up. Twenty-eight patients [16 girls (57.1%); 12 boys (42.9%)] were included: 17 dural sinus malformation [10 boys (58.8%); seven girls (41.2%)], three infantile shunts [three girls (100%)], eight adult-type shunts [four girls (50%)]; four boys (50%)], with a mean age of 19.2 ± 36.6 months at presentation. Twelve (42.9%) had a modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2, four (14.3%) had a score of 3, three (10.7%) had a score of 4 and eight (28.6%) had a score of 5. Embolization was performed in 22 children [78.6%; 12 girls (54.5%); 10 boys (45.5%)]. Fifteen patients could be cured (68.2%): 11 dural sinus malformations (73.3%), four adult-type lesions (100%) but no infantile shunt. Mean post-treatment follow-up was 39.5 months (max. 139 months): 14 patients (63.6%) presented a modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2 and eight (36.4%) had a score ≥3. In the dural sinus malformation group, the modified Rankin Scale score was improved in 11 patients (73.3%) and unchanged in three (20%). Only one patient with infantile subtype (33.3%) improved clinically. In the adult-subtype group, all children (100%) improved. Of six untreated patients [four girls (66.7%); two boys (33.3%)], four with adult-subtype shunts showed uneventful evolutions, one with dural sinus malformation died, and therapeutic abortion was conducted in an antenatally diagnosed dural sinus malformation. Paediatric dural fistulas comprise different subtypes with variable clinical courses. Proper diagnosis is mandatory for optimal therapeutic strategies within appropriate therapeutic windows.
Tau propagation is dependent on the genetic background of mouse strains
Authors: Dujardin Simon , Fernandes Analiese , Bannon Riley , Commins Caitlin , De Los Santos Mark , Kamath Tarun V. , Hayashi Mansuo , Hyman Bradley T. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractProgressive cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease correlates closely with the spread of tau protein aggregation across neural networks of the cortical mantle. We tested the hypothesis that heritable factors may influence the rate of propagation of tau pathology across brain regions in a model system, taking advantage of well-defined genetically diverse background strains in mice. We virally expressed human tau locally in the hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex neurons and monitored the cell-to-cell tau protein spread by immunolabelling. Interestingly, some strains showed more tau spreading than others while tau misfolding accumulated at the same rate in all tested mouse strains. Genetic factors may contribute to tau pathology progression across brain networks, which could help refine mechanisms underlying tau cell-to-cell transfer and accumulation, and potentially provide targets for understanding patient-to-patient variability in the rate of disease progression in Alzheimer’s disease.
Brain network topology early after stroke relates to recovery
Authors: Nemati Paul R. , Backhaus Winifried , Feldheim Jan , Bönstrup Marlene , Cheng Bastian , Thomalla Götz , Gerloff Christian , Schulz Robert 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Analyses of alterations of brain networks have gained an increasing interest in stroke rehabilitation research. Compared with functional networks derived from resting-state analyses, there is limited knowledge of how structural network topology might undergo changes after stroke and, more importantly, if structural network information obtained early after stroke could enhance recovery models to infer later outcomes. The present work re-analysed cross-sectional structural imaging data, obtained within the first 2 weeks, of 45 acute stroke patients (22 females, 24 right-sided strokes, age 68 ± 13 years). Whole-brain tractography was performed to reconstruct structural connectomes and graph-theoretical analyses were employed to quantify global network organization with a focus on parameters of network integration and modular processing. Graph measures were compared between stroke patients and 34 healthy controls (15 females, aged 69 ± 10 years) and they were integrated with four clinical scores of the late subacute stage, covering neurological symptom burden (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale), global disability (modified Rankin Scale), activity-related disability (Barthel Index) and motor functions (Upper-Extremity Score of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment). The analyses were employed across the complete cohort and, based on clustering analysis, separately within subgroups stratified in mild to moderate (n = 21) and severe (n = 24) initial deficits. The main findings were (i) a significant reduction of network’s global efficiency, specifically in patients with severe deficits compared with controls (P = 0.010) and (ii) a significant negative correlation of network efficiency with the extent of persistent functional deficits at follow-up after 3–6 months (P ≤ 0.032). Specifically, regression models revealed that this measure was capable to increase the explained variance in future deficits by 18% for the modified Rankin Scale, up to 24% for National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, and 16% for Barthel Index when compared with models including the initial deficits and the lesion volume. Patients with mild to moderate deficits did not exhibit a similar impact of network efficiency on outcome inference. Clustering coefficient and modularity, measures of segregation and modular processing, did not exhibit comparable structure–outcome relationships, neither in severely nor in mildly affected patients. This study provides empirical evidence that structural network efficiency as a graph-theoretical marker of large-scale network topology, quantified early after stroke, relates to recovery. Notably, this contribution was only evident in severely but not mildly affected stroke patients. This suggests that the initial clinical deficit might shape the dependency of recovery on global network topology after stroke.
Flexible and Controllable Access Policy Update for Encrypted Data Sharing in the Cloud
Authors: Wang Ti , Zhou Yongbin , Ma Hui , Zhang Rui 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
As a promising service paradigm, cloud computing has attracted lots of enterprises and individuals to outsource big data to public cloud. To facilitate secure data using and sharing, ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) is a suitable solution, which can provide fine-grained access control and encryption functionalities simultaneously. However, some serious challenges are still remaining toward achieving flexible and controllable access policy update in CP-ABE, which essentially impede the powerful access control ability of CP-ABE from long-term and large-scale deployment in real systems. In this work, we propose a novel scheme named policy updatable CP-ABE for encrypted data sharing scenes. The proposed scheme features the following achievements: (i) it supports fine-grained update algorithms with no restriction on update time; (ii) the cloud server can effectively verify update ciphertexts, so the integrity of original data would not be compromised intentionally or accidentally during the update and (iii) most operations of encryption and policy update are securely outsourced to cloud servers, leaving extremely low overheads for data owners and users. We formally define its security model and prove it is adaptively secure. Also, we implement the proposed scheme using the Charm framework. The experiment results demonstrate that it is efficient and practical.
Elevated Temperature Reduces Overwintering Survival of an Avian Ectoparasite, the Swallow Bug (Hemiptera: Cimicidae:Cimex vicarius)
Authors: Brown Charles R , Hannebaum Stacey L , Eaton-Clark Andrew , Booth Warren , O’Brien Valerie A 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe survival of insects that are dormant in winter may either increase or decrease as a consequence of elevated winter temperatures under climate change. Warming can be deleterious when metabolism of the overwintering life stages increases to the point that energy reserves are exhausted before postoverwintering reemergence. We examined experimentally how overwintering survival of swallow bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae: Cimex vicarius Horvath), an ectoparasite primarily of cliff swallows (Passeriformes: Hirundinidae: Petrochelidon pyrrhonota Vieillot), was affected by a 3°C rise in mean daily temperature for populations in Oklahoma, Nebraska, and North Dakota. Adult and nymphal swallow bugs exposed to elevated temperature had an average reduction of approximately 31% in overwintering survival (from July/August to April/May), relative to controls exposed to current region-specific ambient-like conditions. Adult males in both groups survived less well in Nebraska and North Dakota than adult males in Oklahoma, but there was no consistent latitudinal effect of the elevated heat treatment. Our results indicate that projected increases in mean temperature in the Great Plains by 2050 could result in fewer swallow bugs surviving the winter and thus a reduced population size upon the arrival of their primary host in the spring, potentially affecting cliff swallow reproductive success, site use, and breeding phenology. Global climate change may alter the dynamics of host–parasite systems by reducing overall parasite abundance.
A polygenic risk score improves risk stratification of coronary artery disease: a large-scale prospective Chinese cohort study
Authors: Lu Xiangfeng , Liu Zhongying , Cui Qingmei , Liu Fangchao , Li Jianxin , Niu Xiaoge , Shen Chong , Hu Dongsheng , Huang Keyong , Chen Jichun , Xing Xiaolong , Zhao Yingxin , Lu Fanghong , Liu Xiaoqing , Cao Jie , Chen Shufeng , Ma Hongxia , Yu Ling , Wu Xianping , Wu Xigui , Li Ying , Zhang Huan , Mo Xingbo , Zhao Liancheng , Huang Jianfeng , Wang Laiyuan , Wen Wanqing , Shu Xiao-Ou , Takeuchi Fumihiko , Koh Woon-Puay , Tai E Shyong , Cheng Ching-Yu , Wong Tien yin , Chang Xuling , Chan Mark Yan-Yee , Gao Wei , Zheng Hong , Chen Kexin , Chen Jing , He Jiang , Tang Clara Sze-man , Lam Karen Siu Ling , Tse Hung-fat , Cheung Chloe Yu Yan , Takahashi Atsushi , Kubo Michiaki , Kato Norihiro , Terao Chikashi , Kamatani Yoichiro , Sham Pak Chung , Heng Chew-Kiat , Hu Zhibin , Chen Y Eugene , Wu Tangchun , Shen Hongbing , Willer Cristen J , Gu Dongfeng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Aims
To construct a polygenic risk score (PRS) for coronary artery disease (CAD) and comprehensively evaluate its potential in clinical utility for primary prevention in Chinese populations.

Methods and results
Using meta-analytic approach and large genome-wide association results for CAD and CAD-related traits in East Asians, a PRS comprising 540 genetic variants was developed in a training set of 2800 patients with CAD and 2055 controls, and was further assessed for risk stratification for CAD integrating with the guideline-recommended clinical risk score in large prospective cohorts comprising 41 271 individuals. During a mean follow-up of 13.0 years, 1303 incident CAD cases were identified. Individuals with high PRS (the highest 20%) had about three-fold higher risk of CAD than the lowest 20% (hazard ratio 2.91, 95% confidence interval 2.43–3.49), with the lifetime risk of 15.9 and 5.8%, respectively. The addition of PRS to the clinical risk score yielded a modest yet significant improvement in C-statistic (1%) and net reclassification improvement (3.5%). We observed significant gradients in both 10-year and lifetime risk of CAD according to the PRS within each clinical risk strata. Particularly, when integrating high PRS, intermediate clinical risk individuals with uncertain clinical decision for intervention would reach the risk levels (10-year of 4.6 vs. 4.8%, lifetime of 17.9 vs. 16.6%) of high clinical risk individuals with intermediate (20–80%) PRS.

Conclusion
The PRS could stratify individuals into different trajectories of CAD risk, and further refine risk stratification for CAD within each clinical risk strata, demonstrating a great potential to identify high-risk individuals for targeted intervention in clinical utility.
Detection and analysis of indicator and pathogenic bacteria in conventional and organic fruits and vegetables sold in retail markets
Authors: Srisamran Jutanat , Atwill Edward R , Chuanchuen Rungtip , Jeamsripong Saharuetai 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Produce-associated food-borne outbreaks have been increasingly implicated as the significant proportion of the annual incidence of food-borne illness worldwide. The objectives of this study were to determine the concentrations of indicator bacteria and the presence of Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes), and to characterize predictors associated with Salmonella contamination of retail produce from fresh markets and supermarkets in Bangkok, Thailand. A total of 503 samples were collected during May 2018 and February 2019, comprised of sweet basil, spring onion, coriander, cabbage, lettuce, cucumber, and tomato, with conventional items from fresh open-air markets (n=167), conventional items from supermarkets (n=168), and organic items from supermarkets (n=168). The overall prevalence in these 503 items for fecal coliforms and E. coli was 84.3% and 71.4%, with mean concentrations (±standard deviation) of fecal coliforms and E. coli being (3.0×105±1.3×106) most probable number (MPN)/g and (1.8×105±1.1×105) MPN/g, respectively. The concentrations of fecal coliforms and E. coli were higher in produce sampled from fresh open-air markets than produce from supermarkets; similarly, these bacterial indicators were higher from produce grown under conventional methods than certified organic produce. The prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella was 4.8% and 0.4%, respectively, but no positives were found for E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes. The predominant Salmonella serovar was Stanley (30.8%). Based on logistic regression, the odds of Salmonella contamination were significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher during the rainy versus dry season, produce grown using conventional versus organic agriculture, sweet basil versus other commodities, and using ice tank versus dry refrigeration for overnight retail storage. This study indicated that fruits and vegetables are important sources of microbial contamination. Hence, monitoring and surveillance of pathogen contamination to produce is needed to strengthen food safety.
Exploring genetic variation and population structure in a threatened species, Noturus placidus, with whole-genome sequence data
Authors: Whitacre Lynsey K , Wildhaber Mark L , Johnson Gary S , Durbin Harly J , Rowan Troy N , Tribe Peoria , Schnabel Robert D , Mhlanga-Mutangadura Tendai , Tabor Vernon M , Fenner Daniel , Decker Jared E 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Neosho madtom (Noturus placidus) is a small catfish, generally less than 3 inches in length, unique to the Neosho-Spring River system within the Arkansas River Basin. It was federally listed as threatened in 1990, largely due to habitat loss. For conservation efforts, we generated whole-genome sequence data from 10 Neosho madtom individuals originating from 3 geographically separated populations to evaluate genetic diversity and population structure. A Neosho madtom genome was de novo assembled, and genome size and content were assessed. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were assessed from de Bruijn graphs, and via reference alignment with both the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) reference genome and Neosho madtom reference genome. Principal component analysis and structure analysis indicated weak population structure, suggesting fish from the 3 locations represent a single population. Using a novel method, genome-wide conservation and divergence between the Neosho madtom, channel catfish, and zebrafish (Danio rerio) was assessed by pairwise contig alignment, which demonstrated that genes important to embryonic development frequently had conserved sequences. This research in a threatened species with no previously published genomic resources provides novel genetic information to guide current and future conservation efforts and demonstrates that using whole-genome sequencing provides detailed information of population structure and demography using only a limited number of rare and valuable samples.
The impact of tunnels on conflicts in the Middle East
Authors: Steenkamp Christina 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The battlefields in the contemporary conflicts in the Middle East are multi-level conflicts. They take place in the air and on the ground, but an important and often overlooked dimension of these conflicts is found under the surface. This article recognizes the usefulness of political geography's ‘volumetric turn’ as it examines the use of tunnels in conflict, particularly in the post-2001 conflicts in the Middle East. It asks questions about who uses tunnels, for which purposes and about the impact of tunnels on conflicts. It proceeds to show how tunnels are used by a range of actors (including states, insurgents, civilians and organized crime groups) for various, often overlapping purposes (including offensive, defensive and smuggling/economic purposes). The article argues that tunnels impact on conflicts by benefiting the weaker side in asymmetrical warfare, by directly affecting states’ military strategy, by either generating or challenging political legitimacy and lastly, by becoming central to the economic survival of civilians in conflict. A greater recognition of the subterranean dimension of contemporary Middle Eastern conflicts will provide a more nuanced understanding of the duration, intensity and consequences of these wars.
Liberal modernity and the classical realist critique of the (present) international order
Authors: Karkour Haro L 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In their critique of liberal modernity, classical realists theorized its consequence for the heightened sense of insecurity and powerlessness of the individual on the one hand, and the individual's identification with extreme nationalism and violence on the other. This became the challenge posed by liberal modernity in the post-1945 international order. The article argues that the present international order is an extension of the post-1945 order that never resolved this challenge. While the ‘embedded’ form of liberalism that lasted until the early 1970s made social compromises that mitigated the socio-economic insecurities of the individual in liberal modernity, it did not resolve this challenge. The later advancement of neo-liberalism only further intensified it. The article thus critiques existing debates that downplay the challenge of liberal modernity in their analyses of the crisis of the present international order. It concludes that if the present international order is to be put on more stable and peaceful grounds, it requires a more radical break from its post-1945 and post-Bretton Woods past: a break that does not simply call for ‘leadership’ or ‘offshore balancing’ but addresses the psycho-social needs of the individual in liberal modernity.
Solutions to world-wide fisheries problems are mostly local or regional
Authors: Kearney Bob , Hilborn Ray 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The benefits of multinational agreements that address global problems, such as climate change, must not be diminished by uncritical acceptance that the action that is necessary to address all widespread problems, such as overfishing, is common, globally. Evidence-based identification of the nature and cause of threats to marine ecosystems is the essential first step in effective ocean management. Action that targets each threat across as much as possible of the area in which it arises, which may be entirely different from where it manifests, is the second. These concepts are not new, however, The High Level Panel for a Sustainable Ocean Economy (HLOP) has given them increased impetus by mandating that its signatories, in addressing priority marine issues, which may vary from country to country and collectively be of global importance, must begin with addressing threats in 100% of national waters. The successful management of the world's biggest tuna resources across 50 million km2 of the Central and Western Pacific is put forward as an example of how an initial commitment to a single shared fisheries resource assessment program can provide the foundation for consensus amongst more than 40 countries on the sharing of the benefits of managed access to widespread oceanic resources.
First in human surgical implantation of a leadless pacemaker on the epicardial portion of the right atrial appendage in a patient with a cardiac electronic devices mediated dermatitis
Authors: Eltsov Ivan , Sorgente Antonio , de Asmundis Carlo , La Meir Mark 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A 33-year-old woman with Sick Sinus Node syndrome and persistent atrial fibrillation underwent a Maze IV procedure in order treat atrial fibrillation and concomitant atrial epicardial implantation of a leadless pacemaker to manage her sinus node insufficiency. Last option has been chosen due to rare pocket complication after previous classic dual-chamber pacemaker implantation.