bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Newcastle disease virus elevates its replication by instigating oxidative stress-driven Sirtuin 7 production
Authors: Shokeen Kamal , Kumar Sachin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation inside the cells instigates oxidative stress leading to the activation of stress-responsive genes. The persistence of stress halts the cells’ antiviral response, from which numerous viruses benefit. The viral strategies for promoting stressful conditions and utilizing the induced host proteins to enhance their replication remain elusive. The present work investigates the impact of oxidative stress on NDV pathogenesis. Here, we report that the progression of NDV infection depends on intracellular ROS production. Additionally, the results demonstrate the elevation of SIRT7 levels at transcription and translational levels post-NDV infection, which in turn is associated with the positive regulation of cellular protein deacetylation. A detailed mechanistic studyin vitroandin ovowas also carried out utilizing SIRT7 activity modulators to decipher the underlying role in infection, either constructive or destructive. Lastly, we concluded that the elevated expression of NDV-mediated SIRT7 protein with an enhanced activity metabolizes the NAD+to deacetylase the host proteins, thus contributing to high virus replication.ImportanceAlthough the instigation of oxidative stress during NDV infection has been reported several times, the cellular stress-responsive protein’s direct function in virus replication is yet to be well understood. This study highlights the plausible stress-responsive proteins involved in viral pathogenesis while exploring the detailed molecular mechanisms of crosstalk between the activated cellular protein and the progress of the NDV replication cycle. Moreover, previous studies describing how different viruses modulate cellular stress may not fully reflect the complete picture of viral strategies. Here, we demonstrate NDV-influenced active involvement of SIRT7 activity leading to the deacetylation of host proteins. It helped us better understand the virus’s strategies to generate its numerous copies while perturbing the host cell’s standard functionality and opening up new possibilities for infection interventions.
Auxin-inducible Degron (AID) to Dissect Kaposi’s Sarcoma associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) LANA protein function
Authors: Nakajima Ken-ichi , Espera Jonna Magdallene , Izumiya Yoshihiro 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTProtein knock-down with an inducible degradation system is a powerful tool to study proteins of interest in living cells. Here, we adopted the auxin-inducible degron (AID) approach to detail Kaposi’s Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) function in latency maintenance and inducible viral lytic gene expression. We fused the mini-AID (mAID) tag at the LANA N-terminus with KSHV BAC16 recombination, and iSLK cells were stably infected with the recombinant KSHV encoding mAID-tagged LANA. Incubation with 5-phenyl-indole-3-acetic acid (5-Ph-IAA), a derivative of natural auxin, rapidly degraded LANA protein within 1.5 hours. In contrast to our hypothesis, depletion of LANA not only failed to trigger lytic reactivation but rather decreased inducible lytic gene expression when we triggered reactivation with a combination of ORF50 protein expression and sodium butyrate treatment. Decreased overall lytic gene induction seemed to associate with a rapid loss of KSHV genomes in the absence of LANA. Furthermore, we found that small cell fractions harbor non-depletable LANA dots in the presence of 5-Ph-IAA. In the cell population containing degradation-resistant LANA, induction of lytic reactivation was strongly attenuated. These results suggest that (i) there are at least two populations of LANA dots in cells, (ii) local nuclear environment and its epigenetic effects on the episomes are heritable to daughter cells; this biological had substantial effects in degree of KSHV reactivation, and finally (iii) LANA may have an additional function in protecting KSHV episomes from degradation.IMPORTANCEKSHV LANA protein plays a wide variety of roles in latency maintenance and lytic gene expression. We adapted the inducible protein knockdown approach to examine its role directly, and revealed that there are cell populations that possess viral episomes insensitive to reactivation stimuli. Viral reactivation is known to be highly heterogenic, and our observations suggest that LANA tethering sites on host chromatin may play a critical role in determining diverse responsiveness to the stimuli. We also demonstrated that depletion of LANA leads to rapid reduction of viral genome, which suggests that LANA might be actively protecting latent viral genome from degradation. These results add novel insights into the role of LANA in latency maintenance and regulation of lytic reactivation.
CoViD-19 rRT-PCR Testing Capacity in Ghana; Indications of Preparedness for Marburg virus Outbreak?
Authors: Nyarko Eric NY , Kumi Justice , Ofori Emmanuel K , Ateko Richmond O. , Appiah Michael , Adjei Afua B. , Dodoo Derrick N.D. , Amoah Broderick Yeboah , Crabbe Sandra ANA , Amakye Ebenezer K , Amanquah Seth D , Obirikorang Christian , Asare-Anane Henry 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionGhana, as of July 2022, has had 168,350 Real-Time Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (rRT-PCR)-confirmed cases of CoViD-19 infections and 1,458 deaths. Besides, 2 cases of Marburg virus diseases (MVD) were confirmed in the country within the same month. Both CoViD-19 and MVD require rRT-PCR for diagnosis, however, rRT-PCR facilities are scarce in Ghana – especially, hitherto, the CoViD-19 pandemic. The objectives of this study were to assess the current testing capacity of CoViD-19 rRT-PCR in Ghana, and to make some recommendations in case of an MVD outbreak, or recurrence of the CoViD-19 pandemic.MethodsThe study was cross-sectional. Questionnaires were administered to 100 health professionals actively involved in the testing cycle of CoViD-19 across rRT-PCR testing institutions. Responses with regards to CoViD-19 rRT-PCR testing, biosafety, and relationship with Surveillance Outbreak Response Management and Analysis System (SORMAS), PanaBios and Zipline, were obtained for 2020-through-2022. The responses were analyzed with Microsoft Excel office-365 and SPSS v.23.ResultsThirty-five (35) of the 53 testing institutions were in the Greater Accra Region, but none in seven (7) regions of the country. Many (49%) were privately owned. Nine (9) different professionals were involved in rRT-PCR testing. The testing institutions increased from 2 (in March 2020) to 53 by June-ending 2022, and most (90%) had Biosafety Cabinet class II (BSCII). PPEs were inadequate between march and June, 2020 (25%), but enough (100%) by June 2022. Zipline, SORMAS, and PanaBios, respectively, saw transactions from 28%, 81%, and 77% of the institutions.ConclusionGhana is adequately resourced for recurrence of CoViD-19, or any MVD outbreak, in terms of diagnosis with rRT-PCR. However, the country needs redistribution of these testing resources, expand the services of Zipline and SORMAS, satisfy additional biosafety requirements for MVD testing and equip over 180 GeneXpert facilities to help in accessible and affordable testing.
Multi-omic profiling of breast cancer cells uncovers stress MAPK-associated sensitivity to AKT degradation
Authors: Erickson Emily C. , You Inchul , Perry Grace , Dugourd Aurelien , Donovan Katherine A. , Crafter Claire , Johannes Jeffrey W. , Williamson Stuart , Moss Jennifer I. , Ros Susana , Ziegler Robert E. , Barry Simon T. , Fischer Eric S. , Gray Nathanael S. , Madsen Ralitsa R. , Toker Alex 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOver 50% of human tumors display hyperactivation of the serine/threonine kinase AKT. Despite evidence of clinical efficacy, there remains scope to improve upon the therapeutic window of the current generation of AKT inhibitors. Here we report the development of a second-generation AKT degrader, INY-05-040, which outperformed catalytic AKT inhibition with respect to cellular suppression of AKT-driven phenotypes in breast cancer cell lines. A systematic growth inhibition screen across 288 cancer cell lines confirmed a substantially higher potency for INY-05-040 (median GI50adj= 1.1 µM) compared to our first-generation AKT degrader (INY-03-041; median GI50adj= 3.1 µM), with both compounds outperforming catalytic AKT inhibition with GDC-0068 (median GI50adj> 10 µM). Using multi-omic profiling and causal network integration in breast cancer cells, we demonstrate that the enhanced efficacy of INY-05-040 is associated with sustained suppression of AKT signaling, followed by a potent induction of the stress mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Further integration of growth inhibition assays with publicly available transcriptomic, proteomic, and reverse phase protein array (RPPA) measurements established low baseline JNK signaling as a biomarker for breast cancer sensitivity to AKT degradation. Collectively, our study presents a systematic framework for mapping the network-wide signaling effects of therapeutically relevant compounds, and identifies INY-05-040 as a potent pharmacological suppressor of AKT signaling.
Zasp52 strengthens whole embryo tissue integrity through supracellular actomyosin networks
Authors: Ashour Dina J. , Durney Clinton H. , Planelles-Herrero Vicente J. , Stevens Tim J. , Feng James J. , Röper Katja 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDuring morphogenesis, large scale changes of tissue primordia occur that are all coordinated across an embryo. InDrosophila, several tissue primordia and embryonic regions are bordered or encircled by supracellular actomyosin cables, junctional actomyosin enrichments networked between many neighbouring cells. We show that the singleDrosophilaAlp/Enigma family protein Zasp52, which is most prominently found in Z-discs of muscles, is a component of many supracellular actomyosin structures during embryogenesis, including the ventral midline and the boundary of the salivary gland placode. Zasp52, we uncover, contains within its central coiled-coil region a type of actin-binding motif usually found in CapZbeta proteins, and this domain displays actin binding activity. Using endogenously-tagged lines we identify that Zasp52 interacts with a subset of junctional components, including APC2, Polychaetoid/ZO-1, and Sidekick, as well as actomyosin regulators. Analysis ofzasp52mutant embryos revealed that the severity of the embryonic defects observed scales inversely with the amount of functional protein left. Large tissue deformations occur at sites where actomyosin cables are found during embryogenesis, suggesting a model whereby supracellular cables containing Zasp52 aid to insulate morphogenetic changes from one another. This is further supported by the analysis ofin vivoprocesses as well as by anin silicovertex model of morphogenetic domains separated by a stiffness boundary.
A review of conventional and new-generation aircraft starter/generators in perspective of electric drive applications
Authors: Öksüztepe Eyyüp , Kaya Ufuk , Kurum Hasan 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
More electric aircraft (MEA) is defined as the extensive usage of electric power in aircraft. The demand for electric power in new generation aircraft rises due to environmental and economic considerations. Hence, efficient and reliable starter/generators (SGs) are trending nowadays. The conventional main engine starting system and power generation system can be replaced with an individual SG. The constraints of the SG should be investigated to handle the aviation requirements. Even though the SG is basically an electric machine, it requires a multidisciplinary study consisting of electromagnetic, thermal and mechanical works to cope with aviation demands. This study aims to review conventional and new-generation aircraft SGs from the perspective of electric drive applications.

Design/methodology/approach
First of all, the importance of the MEA concept has been briefly explained. Also, the historical development and the need for higher electrical power in aircraft have been indicated quantitatively. Considering aviation requirements, the candidate electrical machines for aircraft SG have been determined by the method of scoring. Those machines are compared over 14 criteria, and the most predominant of them are specified as efficiency, power density, rotor thermal tolerance, high-speed capability and machine complexity. The features of the most suitable electrical machine are pointed out with data gathered from empirical studies. Finally, the trending technologies related to efficient SG design have been explained with numeric datasets.

Findings
The induction motor, switched reluctance motor and permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) are selected as the candidate machines for SGs. It has been seen that the PMSM is the most preferable machine type due to its efficient operation in a wide range of constant power and speed. It is computationally proven that the using amorphous magnetic alloys in SG cores increases the machine efficiency more. Also, the benefits of high voltage direct current (HVDC) use in aircraft have been explained by a comparison of different aircraft power generation standards. It is concluded that the HVDC use in aircraft decreases total cable weight and increases aircraft operation efficiency. The thermal and mechanical tolerance of the SG is also vital. It has been stated that the liquid cooling techniques are suitable for SGs.

Originality/value
The demand for electrical power in new generation aircraft is increasing. The SG can be used effectively and efficiently instead of conventional systems. To define requirements, constraints and suggestions, this study investigates the SGs from the perspective of electric drive applications.
Shariah supervision and corporate governance effects on Islamic banks’ performance: evidence from the GCC countries
Authors: Tashkandi Abdulhadi Abdulrahim 
Published: October 2022

PurposeThis study aims to analyze the impact of Shariah supervision and corporate governance (CG) variables on the performance of Islamic banks (IBs) in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries.Design/methodology/approachA dynamic panel regression model is used to analyze bank performance’s persistence and the results are estimated using the generalized method of moments estimator. The sample includes 27 full-fledged IBs in 6 GCC countries from 2005 to 2020.FindingsThe results reveal that Shariah supervision and CG-related variables are significant in determining IBs' performance. Furthermore, the results show that bank size, capital adequacy ratio, economic growth and inflation are significant and positive determinants of IBs’ financial performance.Practical implicationsThis study is conducted to fill a gap in the literature regarding the effect of Shariah supervision on IBs’ performance, recommending the implementation of CG guidelines in IBs to improve their current practices.Originality/valueDespite existing studies on the relationship between Shariah governance and performance, this study contributes to the Shariah governance and Islamic banking literature in GCC, which is the most important region of the Islamic financial industry. In addition, it provides additional insight into the fundamental role of Shariah supervision in IBs.
Brief psychological interventions in face-to-face and telehealth formats: a comparison of outcomes in a naturalistic setting
Authors: Lalor Isabella , Costello Chloe , O'Sullivan Matthew , Rice Catherine , Collins Padraig 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
In this study, the authors aimed to compare the effectiveness of low-intensity psychological interventions provided face-to-face (FTF) with those provided by telephone and video-based modalities, in a primary care psychology service for individuals with mild-to-moderate mental health difficulties.

Design/methodology/approach
Participants (N = 384) were service users who completed at least one intervention with the service over a two-year period between 2019 and 2021. Using psychometric measures of anxiety and low mood, a repeated measures design pre-, mid- and post-intervention evaluated service users’ clinical outcomes. Data analysis was carried out on those participants (N = 289) who had completed all three of the required psychometric measures.

Findings
All formats of intervention showed a significant and equivalent reduction in low mood and anxiety scores at the completion of the intervention, regardless of the format of therapy. This suggests no discernible difference in the effectiveness of the three formats of intervention in this service. In addition, no significant association was found between the format of intervention and service user dropout rates.

Originality/value
This study availed of data arising pre and during a pandemic as a naturalistic experiment into the use of telehealth in delivering brief psychological interventions in a frontline community service. The effectiveness of telephone and video-based brief psychological interventions was found to be comparable to that experienced by FTF interventions. This provides preliminary support for the inclusion of telehealth options for service users engaging with low-intensity psychotherapeutic services.
Role of formal and informal networks in the relationship between government support and Ghanaian indigenous firms’ degree of internationalisation
Authors: Takyi Lydia Nyankom , Naidoo Vannie , Dogbe Courage Simon Kofi , Akoto Edward 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
This study aims to assess the potential mediating effects of formal and informal networks in the relationship between government support and Ghanaian indigenous firms’ degree of internationalisation.

Design/methodology/approach
This study was a cross-sectional design, where the structured questionnaire was used in gathering data from 301 indigenous Ghanaian firms. The path estimation was conducted by running structural equation modelling in AMOS v.23.

Findings
It was concluded that government support had a significant positive effect on Ghanaian indigenous firms’ degree of internationalisation. Formal network was found to partially mediate the relationship between government support and indigenous firms’ degree of internationalisation. Finally, it was concluded that informal networks had no mediating effect.

Research limitations/implications
One limitation is that the effect of the government support and network strategy was only explored on indigenous exporters, meaning that exporters which did not fall within the definition of indigenous firms were excluded from the study. Future studies could conduct a comparative study on the same variables, using indigenous and non-indigenous firms.

Practical implications
It is recommended that Ghanaian exporters should participate in government training and workshop programmes focussing on building export business strategies and networking to improve export activities.

Originality/value
This study’s unique contribution is its investigation of how networking portfolio, including formal and informal ties, helps explain the nexus between government support and the internationalisation of local firms in the developing market, such as Ghanaians.
COVID-19 and the ASEAN stock market: a wavelet analysis of conventional and Islamic equity indices
Authors: Ali Mohsin , Khattak Mudeer Ahmed , Khan Shabeer , Khan Noureen 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Islamic and conventional equities.

Design/methodology/approach
To study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ASEAN Islamic and conventional equities, first, the authors calculated the volatility by using exponential generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity methodology and then used Wavelet methodology to see the co-movement between the volatility and returns of ASEAN equity market indicators and COVID-19 cases.

Findings
The authors find that until the beginning of August, COVID-19 adversely relates to the returns of both the indices. The conventional index seemed to have increased volatility during the time period, whereas the Islamic index seemed to have declined volatility.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the very few studies examining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ASEAN Islamic and conventional equities. Additionally, this study adds value by comparing Islamic and conventional equities.
‘Just Take Care of Them Like You Would a Baby’: Infant Care Work and Interspecies Foodways
Authors: Ringer Andrea 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe reliance on milk replacers by zoos was vital for the creation of breeding programmes that would fill spaces of captive animal spectacle in the early twentieth century. The creation of the baby food industry and pressures to use these scientifically developed products enabled the rise of captive animal breeding programmes, which routinely removed infants from their mothers and placed them in the hands of humans who immediately put them on a bottle. This article explores the intersecting infant formula foodways of human and nonhuman animals in cages and on stages where baby animals became spectacle.
Preparation and characterization of Perilla essential oil composite microcapsule based on the complex coacervation and interface polymerization
Authors: Liu Yanhong , Cao Wanqi , Wang Jiahao , Zhang Lingling , Yang Yajiao , Liu Mengyao , Wang Hui , Wang Shuo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we prepared a novel double‐layer Perilla essential oil composite membrane microcapsule (PEOCM) by the composite methods of complex coacervation and interface polymerization. The particle size distribution, morphology, pressure resistance, thermal stability, and elemental proportions of the microcapsule shell of the obtained microcapsules were characterized by laser particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic rheometer, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and energy spectrometer. In order to further examine the application effect of the PEOCM, we carried out a fresh‐keeping experiment on nectarines. The results showed that the average volume diameter of the microcapsules was 226.9 µm, with a completely spherical shape and a slight depression on the surface and had good pressure resistance and thermal stability. The results also demonstrated that microencapsulation does not change the composition of Perilla essential oil, and the polyurea membrane with amide structure (‐NH‐CO‐NH‐) was formed successfully. Furthermore, the total soluble solids content and peroxidase activity of nectarines indicated that the PEOCM can be a preservative of food.Practical ApplicationWe prepared a double‐layer Perilla essential oil composite membrane microcapsule by the composite methods of complex coacervation and interface polymerization. The encapsulation conditions of the microcapsules were optimized, the structure of the microcapsule was characterized, and the fresh‐keeping effects of the microcapsule on nectarine were studied. The results showed that microcapsules had a completely spherical shape and a slight depression on the surface and had good pressure resistance, good thermal stability, and good fresh‐keeping ability. The above characteristics indicated that the double‐layer microcapsules have good application prospect and plays an important role in food fresh‐keeping and the preservation of essential oils.