bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brachytherapy for primary nasal vestibule cancer using Au-198 grains
Authors: Harada Hinako , Ishikawa Yojiro , Tanaka Shohei , Kishida Keita , Umezawa Rei , Yamamoto Takaya , Takahashi Noriyoshi , Takeda Kazuya , Suzuki Yu , Jingu Keiichi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRadiation therapy (RT) is one of the definitive treatments for early-stage nasal vestibular carcinoma and has similar local control rates to resection surgery. There are various methods, including external beam RT and brachytherapy. This report describes a case who showed local control for more than 5 years after brachytherapy alone using Au-198 grains for nasal vestibular carcinoma. A 68-year-old Japanese man complained of swelling and pain in his left nasal cavity. He was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (cT1N0M0, stage I). An elevated mass of 8 mm in long diameter was found inside the left nasal cavity. Since the patient selected brachytherapy, nine Au-198 grains 185 mBq were permanently injected percutaneously under local anesthesia, and 85 Gy was prescribed. Grade three dermatitis was observed as an acute adverse event. After 2 years, mild telangiectasia of the left nasal skin and epilation of nasal hair in the left nasal cavity was regarded as late adverse events. The patient continues to keep a complete response for 5 years. For small nasal vestibular SCC, brachytherapy with Au-198 grains might be a good option.
Heterogeneous FASnI3 Absorber with Enhanced Electric Field for High-Performance Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wu Tianhao , Liu Xiao , Luo Xinhui , Segawa Hiroshi , Tong Guoqing , Zhang Yiqiang , Ono Luis K. , Qi Yabing , Han Liyuan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLead-free tin perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have undergone rapid development in recent years and are regarded as a promising eco-friendly photovoltaic technology. However, a strategy to suppress charge recombination via a built-in electric field inside a tin perovskite crystal is still lacking. In the present study, a formamidinium tin iodide (FASnI3) perovskite absorber with a vertical Sn2+ gradient was fabricated using a Lewis base-assisted recrystallization method to enhance the built-in electric field and minimize the bulk recombination loss inside the tin perovskites. Depth-dependent X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the Fermi level upshifts with an increase in Sn2+ content from the bottom to the top in this heterogeneous FASnI3 film, which generates an additional electric field to prevent the trapping of photo-induced electrons and holes. Consequently, the Sn2+-gradient FASnI3 absorber exhibits a promising efficiency of 13.82% for inverted tin PSCs with an open-circuit voltage increase of 130 mV, and the optimized cell maintains over 13% efficiency after continuous operation under 1-sun illumination for 1,000 h.
„Dann fährst du halt nochmal los und machst halt eine spezielle Sache mal fokussierter“ – Generierung eines Prozessmodells des Bewegungslernens beim Park‑Skaten
Authors: Erhorn Jan , Meyer Rudolph , Schmidt Tillmann 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungIm sportpädagogischen und sportdidaktischen Diskurs wird für den Sportunterricht die individuelle Förderung aller Schüler*innen gefordert, wobei die Bedeutung selbständiger Diagnose- und Individualisierungsleistungen durch die Schüler*innen herausgestellt wird (Neuber und Pfitzner 2012). Die informelle Bewegungspraxis und Stil-Kultur (Stern 2010) des Skateboardings scheint in hohem Maße durch individuelle und selbständige Lernprozesse gekennzeichnet zu sein, die möglicherweise Anregungen für die Gestaltung des Sportunterrichts liefern können. Allerdings sind diese Lernprozesse bisher nur selten zum Gegenstand systematischer Untersuchungen gemacht worden. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird deshalb das Bewegungslernen beim Park-Skaten im Rahmen einer empirischen Untersuchung fokussiert. Ziel ist es, die Lernstrategien und die Prozesse des Bewegungslernens zu rekonstruieren und daraus Hinweise für den Sportunterricht abzuleiten. In der zugrundeliegenden empirischen Studie wurden eine Park-Skate-Praxis über den Zeitraum von drei Monaten in Form teilnehmender Beobachtung begleitet und leitfadengestützte episodische Interviews mit dort aktiven Skater*innen geführt. Die generierten Daten wurden mit Verfahrensweisen der Grounded Theory ausgewertet. Als Ergebnis der Studie konnten ein Prozessmodell des Bewegungslernens beim Park-Skaten generiert und Hinweise für den Sportunterricht abgeleitet werden.
Communities in energy transition: exploring best practices and decision support tools to provide equitable outcomes
Authors: Tarekegne Bethel , Kazimierczuk Kamila , O’Neil Rebecca 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe U.S. coal industry has been in a state of decline for the past decade, a trend ushered by flat electricity demand, increased regulatory pressure, and market competition from cost-competitive clean energy sources. The receding economic viability of the coal industry has been acutely felt by the communities with immediate economic ties to coal-fired generation. With the energy transition underway, the question of how to engage communities as stakeholders in the decision-making process and address their needs through an equitable and just transition remains unresolved. To that end, this paper explores the economic, environmental, and social challenges presented by the energy transition at the community level, highlighting four case studies from transitioning coal-dependent communities across the United States to ultimately identify best practices in coal plant decommissioning processes. This paper weaves these community-identified best practices into two support tools—a decommissioning checklist and a redevelopment decision-making framework—that can be used to engage communities in the power plant retirement decision, the site reclamation phase, and eventual redevelopment of the site and revitalization of the surrounding community.
Light- and pH-dependent structural changes in cyanobacteriochrome AnPixJg2
Authors: Altmayer Susanne , Köhler Lisa , Bielytskyi Pavlo , Gärtner Wolfgang , Matysik Jörg , Wiebeler Christian , Song Chen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCyanobacteriochromes (CBCRs) are phytochrome-related photosensory proteins that play an essential role in regulating phototaxis, chromatic acclimation, and cell aggregation in cyanobacteria. Here, we apply solid-state NMR spectroscopy to the red/green GAF2 domain of the CBCR AnPixJ assembled in vitro with a uniformly 13C- and 15N-labeled bilin chromophore, tracking changes in electronic structure, geometry, and structural heterogeneity of the chromophore as well as intimate contacts between the chromophore and protein residues in the photocycle. Our data confirm that the bilin ring D is strongly twisted with respect to the B–C plane in both dark and photoproduct states. We also identify a greater structural heterogeneity of the bilin chromophore in the photoproduct than in the dark state. In addition, the binding pocket is more hydrated in the photoproduct. Observation of interfacial 1H contacts of the photoproduct chromophore, together with quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM)-based structural models for this photoproduct, clearly suggests the presence of a biprotonated (cationic) imidazolium side-chain for a conserved histidine residue (322) at a distance of ~2.7 Å, generalizing the recent theoretical findings that explicitly link the structural heterogeneity of the dark-state chromophore to the protonation of this specific residue. Moreover, we examine pH effects on this in vitro assembled holoprotein, showing a substantially altered electronic structure and protonation of the photoproduct chromophore even with a small pH drop from 7.8 to 7.2. Our studies provide further information regarding the light- and pH-induced changes of the chromophore and the rearrangements of the hydrogen-bonding and electrostatic interaction network around it. Possible correlations between structural heterogeneity of the chromophore, protonation of the histidine residue nearby, and hydration of the pocket in both photostates are discussed.
Graphical abstract
Having a voice in your group: Increasing productivity through group participation
Authors: Wu Sherry Jueyu , Paluck Elizabeth Levy 
Published: April 2022

AbstractParticipatory work structure is a popular concept but its causal impacts in real-world work groups have heretofore been unquantified and research has been Western-centric. We test the hypothesis that participatory group structure increases productivity for blue-collar workers in a context where participation is not a normative default. We conducted a pre-registered longitudinal field experiment with 65 Chinese factory groups (1752 workers). Half of the groups were randomly assigned to a 20-minute participatory meeting once per week for 6 weeks, in which the group's supervisor stepped aside and workers contributed ideas and personal goals in an open discussion of their work. The other half continued with status-quo meetings in which supervisors spoke and set goals, workers listened, and a researcher observed. We found that a participatory versus a hierarchical structure led to a 10.6% average increase in individual treatment workers’ productivity, an increase that endured for 9 weeks after the experiment ended. The brief participatory meetings also increased treatment workers’ retention rate (an 85% vs. 77% retention rate in treatment vs. control groups) and feelings of empowerment such as job satisfaction and sense of control. We found no evidence of informational gains or new worker goals; instead, evidence suggests that the increase in frequency of workers’ voicing opinions may have driven higher productivity. These findings provide rare causal evidence in a setting where participation is not a normative default, indicating the benefits of direct group participation for changing and sustaining behavior and attitudes.
Data responsibility, corporate social responsibility, and corporate digital responsibility
Authors: van der Merwe Joanna , Al Achkar Ziad 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis commentary looks at the use of corporate social responsibility (CSR) mechanisms for implementing responsible data use. The commentary offers an overview of CSR theory and the discourse on a growing phenomenon known as corporate digital responsibility (CDR). The commentary links these theories to the historical debates on the nature of technology, ethics, and society. The aim is to reflect on CSR and CDR mechanisms and ignite the discussion on their adequacy considering the pursuit of data responsibility. Through our discussion and brief case studies, the paper reveals the gaps in relying on CSR and CDR and the need for a broader societal and comprehensive approach.
Generalist parasites persist in degraded environments: a lesson learned from microsporidian diversity in amphipods
Authors: Prati Sebastian , Grabner Daniel S. , Pfeifer Svenja M. , Lorenz Armin W. , Sures Bernd 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe present study provides new insight into suitable microsporidian–host associations. It relates regional and continental-wide host specialization in microsporidians infecting amphipods to degraded and recovering habitats across 2 German river catchments. It provides a unique opportunity to infer the persistence of parasites following anthropogenic disturbance and their establishment in restored rivers. Amphipods were collected in 31 sampling sites with differing degradation and restoration gradients. Specimens were morphologically (hosts) and molecularly identified (host and parasites). Amphipod diversity and abundance, microsporidian diversity, host phylogenetic specificity and continental-wide β-specificity were investigated and related to each other and/or environmental variables. Fourteen microsporidian molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs), mainly generalist parasites, infecting 6 amphipod MOTUs were detected, expanding the current knowledge on the host range by 17 interactions. There was no difference in microsporidian diversity and host specificity among restored and near-natural streams (Boye) or between those located in urban and rural areas (Kinzig). Similarly, microsporidian diversity was generally not influenced by water parameters. In the Boye catchment, host densities did not influence microsporidian MOTU richness across restored and near-natural sites. High host turnover across the geographical range suggests that neither environmental conditions nor host diversity plays a significant role in the establishment into restored areas. Host diversity and environmental parameters do not indicate the persistence and dispersal of phylogenetic host generalist microsporidians in environments that experienced anthropogenic disturbance. Instead, these might depend on more complex mechanisms such as the production of resistant spores, host switching and host dispersal acting individually or conjointly.
“Pastor was Trapped”: Queer Scandal and Contestations Over Christian Anti-Vice Reform
Authors: Hemphill Katie M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn November 1915, popular Baltimore minister and anti-vice reformer Kenneth G. Murray became enmeshed in scandal after he allegedly attempted to engage in sex with another man at the Y.M.C.A. The revelation of Murray’s alleged queerness became a flashpoint in ongoing contestations over anti-vice reform and the legitimacy of using state power to enforce Christian morality. In the hands of his political opponents, most notably H.L. Mencken, Murray’s apparent homosexuality became a tool for vindicating long-standing assertions that men who campaigned for state-enforced morality were hypocritical and motivated in their activism by sexual and gendered pathologies. In tracing print reactions to Murray’s public exposure, this essay argues that homosexuality proved to be a powerful political weapon against progressive anti-vice campaigning like Murray’s because it was capable of reconciling competing stereotypes of religiously motivated anti-vice reformers as simultaneously overly sexual and impotent, feminized and pathologically masculine. The Murray scandal also opened the door for critiques of muscular Christianity, which made it an early example of how the sexual diagnosis of religious figures and reformers could be used to discredit social and religious activism.
Federalism, Policy Diffusion, and Gender Equality: Explaining Variation in State Domestic Violence Firearm Laws 1990–2017
Authors: Schiller Wendy J. , Sidorsky Kaitlin N. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis work explores the ways that federalism exacerbates gender inequality among women by explaining the adoption of domestic violence laws across different states in the context of policy diffusion. Using an original dataset of domestic violence firearm law (DVFL) enactments across all 50 states in the United States from 1990 to 2017, we analyze the circumstances under which states will adopt these laws. Using a set of political and demographic indicators as independent variables, we find evidence that state and federal factors influence policy adoption. In particular, the number of gun-related homicides, partisan control of the legislature, citizen ideology, federal policy, and election years each influence the likelihood of DVFL enactments. We find support for the effects of vertical policy diffusion on initial enactment of federal laws in this domain, but not for reauthorizations, which raises important questions about the continuous influence of the federal government on state policies.
Impacts of Future Climate Change and Atmospheric CO2 Concentration on Ecosystem Water Retention Service
Authors: Yin Lichang , Tao Fulu , Zhai Ran , Chen Yi , Hu Jian , Wang Zhenghui , Fu Bojie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTerrestrial ecosystem water retention (TEWR) service is subject to climate change and elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (eCO2), however, the relevant processes by which future climate change and eCO2 affect TEWR are poorly understood. Here, we use the factorial simulation experiments from the Inter‐Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project to address this research question. The experiments are based on three dynamic global vegetation models forced with the same climate change scenarios. Results suggest that compared to the preindustrial level, during 2070–2099, (a) TEWR change is highly uncertain, especially in the Southern Hemisphere. (b) Climate change will dominate the pattern of future TEWR change compared with eCO2. (c) Precipitation and runoff change will dominate the future TEWR change in various regions, and the direct role of evapotranspiration (ET) on TEWR will be relatively small. (d) eCO2 will mainly affect vegetation dynamics in energy‐limited regions to affect the runoff, and consequently affecting TEWR change. (e) eCO2 will decrease ET and increase the runoff, resulting in a slight TWER change. These findings improve the understanding of the responses of TEWR to future climate change and eCO2.
Using a Tropical Elevation Gradient to Evaluate the Impact of Land‐Use Intensity and Forest Restoration on the Microbial Use of Organic Matter Under Climate Change
Authors: Leizeaga A. , Duran C. , Hicks L. C. , Sandén H. , Wondie M. , Rousk J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe investigated how legacies of land use and climate affected the microbial use of organic matter (OM) along a tropical climate gradient in Ethiopia. Four levels of land‐use intensity ranging from croplands to pristine forests were assessed along a gradient from cool and moist high altitude (MAT = 16°C, MAP = 2,200 mm) to hot and dry lowland sites (MAT = 20°C, MAP = 1,050 mm). We resolved the biomass, structure, and growth rates of microbial decomposer communities together with the rates of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) transformation. To target the legacies of climate and land use, samples were assessed at optimal moisture and standardized temperature in the laboratory. Microbial biomass and the fungal‐to‐bacterial ratio increased with both legacies of drier climates and higher land‐use intensities. In contrast, fungal growth rates increased in humid climates, but were unaffected by land use. The ratio of C mineralization to gross N mineralization decreased with higher humidity and more intensive land use, suggesting a change in microbial resource use from more nutrient‐poor to nutrient‐rich OM. Mineralization of nutrient‐poor OM implied a lower nutrient availability to microbes in arid climates and low‐intensity land uses, while the mineralization of nutrient‐rich OM in humid sites and higher intensity land uses implied a higher microbial nutrient availability there. The difference in respiration between land uses increased with ecosystem aridity, suggesting that OM turnover and soil fertility were more impacted by land use in drier climates. Together, our results suggest that drier subtropical climates will exacerbate the negative effects of land‐use intensification on OM turnover and nutrient provisioning for plants.
Bedrock Vadose Zone Storage Dynamics Under Extreme Drought: Consequences for Plant Water Availability, Recharge, and Runoff
Authors: Hahm W. J. , Dralle D. N. , Sanders M. , Bryk A. B. , Fauria K. E. , Huang M. H. , Hudson‐Rasmussen B. , Nelson M. D. , Pedrazas M. A. , Schmidt L. , Whiting J. , Dietrich W. E. , Rempe D. M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBedrock vadose zone water storage (i.e., rock moisture) dynamics are rarely observed but potentially key to understanding drought responses. Exploiting a borehole network at a Mediterranean blue oak savanna site—Rancho Venada—we document how water storage capacity in deeply weathered bedrock profiles regulates woody plant water availability and groundwater recharge. The site is in the Northern California Coast Range within steeply dipping turbidites. In a wet year (water year 2019; 647 mm of precipitation), rock moisture was quickly replenished to a characteristic storage capacity, recharging groundwater that emerged at springs to generate streamflow. In the subsequent rainless summer growing season, rock moisture was depleted by about 93 mm. In two drought years that followed (212 and 121 mm of precipitation) the total amount of rock moisture gained each winter was about 54 and 20 mm, respectively, and declines were documented exceeding these amounts, resulting in progressively lower rock moisture content. Oaks, which are rooted into bedrock, demonstrated signs of water stress in drought, including reduced transpiration rates and extremely low water potentials. In the 2020–2021 drought, precipitation did not exceed storage capacity, resulting in variable belowground water storage, increased plant water stress, and no recharge or runoff. Rock moisture deficits (rather than soil moisture deficits) explain these responses.
Inter‐Annual Variations of Precipitation Modulate the Dry Spell Length
Authors: Wang Xiaoyuan , Lu Haibo , Yuan Wenping 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDry spell length (DSL), consecutive non‐rainy days between two precipitation events, play an important role in regulating soil moisture dynamics, terrestrial energy exchange as well as vegetation growth. According to the Clausius‐Clapeyron (C‐C) relationship, global warming can result in prolonged DSL. However, usually the amount of precipitation and its characteristics coincidentally varied with the changes of DSL under global warming, it remains unclear how the inter‐annual variation of precipitation interacts with the evolution of dry spells. In this study, the global long‐term in‐situ observation data set of daily precipitation during 1976–2019 was used to examine the spatiotemporal trends of growing season DSL and precipitation. Our results showed that the global mean growing season DSL significantly increased by 0.3 days decade−1 during 1976–1998 while no significant trend of that was observed during 1999–2019. In contrast, the growing season precipitation (Prec_GS) showed no significant trend in 1976–1998 whereas significant increase trend of that was observed in 1999–2019. To explore the impacts of precipitation on the evolution of dry spells, we examined the relationship between the growing season DSL and Prec_GS. We found that prevalent negative relationship was observed between growing season DSL and Prec_GS in 88% and 86% stations during the period of 1976–1998 and 1999–2019, respectively. Spatially, the mean annual Prec_GS and DSL showed significantly negative relationship, that is, the stations with more precipitation showed shorter DSL in growing season, and vice versa. The changes of mean annual Prec_GS explained 81% spatial variation of growing season DSL. Moreover, during the period of 1999–2019 significant increase of precipitation frequency and decrease of dry day frequency were also observed in addition to the increase of Prec_GS in this period. The decreased dry day frequency further resulted in the decrease of growing season DSL. By excluded the impacts of precipitation, the DSL/Prec_GS ratio showed significant decreasing trend during 1999–2019. Our study suggested that the spatiotemporal variations of DSL were modulated by the variation of precipitation. The impacts of precipitation changes on ecosystem by altering the dry spell evolution should be considered in modeling the terrestrial carbon and hydrological cycling in response to climate changes.