bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verbascoside administered intrathecally attenuates hyperalgesia via activating mu‐opioid receptors in a rat chronic constriction injury model
Authors: Hara Koji , Haranishi Yasunori , Terada Tadanori 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundVerbascoside, a representative phenylethanoid glycoside, is widely distributed in plants and has various activities beneficial for human health. Although systemically administered verbascoside has an antinociceptive effect, little is known about the site and mechanism of its activity. The aim of the present study was to determine whether verbascoside attenuates neuropathic pain in the spinal cord and which pain regulatory systems are involved.MethodsChronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve was introduced to male Sprague Dawley rats. The effects of intrathecal administration of verbascoside and its components (caffeic acid and hydroxytyrosol) on mechanical hyperalgesia and cold hyperalgesia were examined using the electronic von Frey test and cold‐plate test, respectively. Several antagonists of spinal pain processing receptors were administered intrathecally to evaluate their effects on the antihyperalgesic action of verbascoside. A rotarod test was performed to assess the effects on motor coordination.ResultsVerbascoside attenuated mechanical and cold hyperalgesia and affected motor performance in a dose‐dependent manner. Caffeic acid suppressed hyperalgesia only at high doses, whereas hydroxytyrosol did not affect hyperalgesia. The inhibitory effects of verbascoside on hyperalgesia and motor coordination were reversed by naloxone, a µ‐opioid receptor antagonist.ConclusionsThese findings imply that verbascoside exerts an antihyperalgesic effect by activating µ‐opioid receptors in the spinal cord, and that neither caffeic acid nor hydroxytyrosol alone mediates its activity. Verbascoside shows promise for the treatment of neuropathic pain.SignificanceCurrently available treatments for neuropathic pain have limited efficacy in most patients. Some natural products have favourable biological activities for long‐term administration such as antioxidative and neuroprotective effects. Verbascoside inhibits spinal nociceptive transmission without serious side effects to the same degree as gabapentin, a first‐line remedy for neuropathic pain. Natural products may be promising candidates for novel treatments of neuropathic pain.
Assessing karyotype diversity in the genus Lathyrus L. (Fabaceae)
Authors: Paul Suman , Banik Biplab , Dholakia Bhushan B. , Datta Badal Kumar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlthough substantial information on the karyological measures of Lathyrus is available, no study has collected and analysed such data to assess the relationship among its taxa. Hence, the present study examined the degree and trends of chromosome diversity in this genus in congruence with Kupicha's sectional classification. Karyo‐morphological data for 74 species representing 11 sections of Lathyrus were collected through the literature survey. The karyological measures included were the total haploid chromosome length (THL), somatic chromosome number (2n), basic chromosome number (x), and five other parameters of karyotype asymmetry (CVCL, CVCI, MCA, A1, and A2). Basic chromosome number (x = 7) and somatic chromosome number (2n = 14) remained stable throughout the genus. Mean karyotypes revealed marked variations in karyotype structure among the 11 sections of Lathyrus. Further, key differences were identified during comparisons of various measures of karyotype asymmetry. Phylogenetic and principal coordinate analyses exhibited substantial variation among different sections of Lathyrus and out‐group genera. Overall, current findings indicated that the karyotype asymmetry measures can serve as an efficient tool to assess the relationship among different sections of Lathyrus.
Phosphoproteomics identifies pathways underlying the role of receptor‐interaction protein kinase 3 in alcohol‐associated liver disease and uncovers apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 as a target
Authors: Singh Vaibhav , Huang Emily , Pathak Vai , Willard Belinda B. , Allende Daniela S. , Nagy Laura E. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Receptor‐interaction protein kinase 3 (RIP3), a critical determinant of the necroptotic pathway of programmed cell death, contributes to injury in murine models of alcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD); however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We investigated the effect of chronic ethanol feeding on the hepatic phosphoproteome in C57BL/6 and RIP3‐deficient (Rip3
−/−) mice, focusing on death receptor (DR) signaling pathways. C57BL/6 and Rip3
−/− mice were fed an ethanol‐containing liquid diet or pair‐fed control diet. A label‐free mass spectrometry‐based approach identified differentially phosphorylated proteins that were mapped to pathways affected by ethanol and Rip3 genotype. Identified targets were validated in both the murine model of ALD and in liver tissue from patients with alcohol‐associated hepatitis (AH) and healthy controls. Chronic ethanol dysregulated hepatic tumor necrosis factor‐induced DR signaling pathways. Of particular importance, chronic ethanol feeding to C57BL/6 mice decreased the phosphorylation of apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) at serine (S)1036/S1040 (S1029/S1033 human), sites linked with the inhibition of ASK1 death‐promoting activity. This decrease in phosphorylation of inhibitory sites was muted in Rip3
−/− mice. Decreased phosphorylation at S1033 was also lower in liver of patients with severe AH compared to healthy controls, and phosphorylation at the ASK1 activation site (threonine [Thr]‐838) was increased in patients with AH. The net impact of these changes in phosphorylation of ASK1 was associated with increased phosphorylation of p38, a downstream target of ASK1, in patients with AH and C57BL/6 but not Rip3
−/− mice. Similarly, chronic ethanol feeding affected the c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase pathway in C57BL/6 but not Rip3
−/− mice. Taken together, our data indicate that changes in inhibitory phosphorylation of ASK1 are an important target in ALD and suggest the involvement of noncanonical functions of Rip3 in ALD.
Interaction of metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with advanced fibrosis in the death and intubation of patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Vázquez‐Medina Martín Uriel , Cerda‐Reyes Eira , Galeana‐Pavón Alberto , López‐Luna Carlos Enrique , Ramírez‐Portillo Patty Marlen , Ibañez‐Cervantes Gabriela , Torres‐Vázquez Julián , Vargas‐De‐León Cruz 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Patients with pre‐existing liver diseases are considered to have an increased risk of morbidity and mortality from any type of infection, including viruses. The aim of this work was to explore the implications of metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) definitions in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and to study the interaction between advanced fibrosis (AF) and each of these diseases in the death and intubation of patients hospitalized with COVID‐19. We performed a retrospective study with 359 patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID‐19 infection in a tertiary referral hospital who were admitted between April and June 2020. A multivariate Cox model was performed regarding the interaction of AF with MAFLD and NAFLD in the mortality and intubation of patients with COVID‐19. The death rate was statistically significantly higher in the MAFLD group compared to the control group (55% vs. 38.3%, p = 0.02). No significant difference was seen in the death rate between the NAFLD and control group. The MAFLD (44.09% vs. 20%, p = 0.001) and NAFLD (40.51% vs. 20%, p = 0.01) groups had statistically significantly higher intubation rates than the control group. A statistically significant interaction between NAFLD and AF was associated with an increase in mortality (p = 0.01), while a statistically significant interaction between MAFLD and AF was associated with an increased risk of mortality (p = 0.006) and intubation (p = 0.049). In the case of patients hospitalized with COVID‐19, our results indicate that the death rate was higher in the MAFLD group but not the NAFLD group compared to that in the control group. The intubation rates were higher in the NAFLD and MAFLD groups compared to rates in the control group, suggesting that both could be associated with COVID‐19 severity. In addition, we found interactions between AF with MAFLD and NAFLD.
Association of the IRAK4 rs4251545 genetic polymorphism with severity of enterovirus‐71 infection in Chinese children
Authors: Song Jie , Liu Yedan , Guo Ya , Liu Peipei , Li Fei , Yang Chengqing , Pan Xiaoyu , Yi Liping , Fan Fan , Zhao Han , Chen Zongbo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to explore the association between the IRAK4 polymorphism rs4251545 and the severity of enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection in Chinese children.MethodsWe analyzed the IRAK4 polymorphism rs4251545 in 617 EV71‐infected patients and 410 controls using the improved multiplex ligation detection reaction. IRAK4 mRNA expression was tested by qRT‐PCR. Serum concentrations of IL‐6 and NF‐κB were detected using ELISA.ResultsThe frequencies of the GA + AA genotype and A allele in the mild EV71 infection group and in the severe EV71 infection group were significantly higher than those in the normal control group. The frequency of the GA + AA genotype and A allele in severely infected EV71 patients was markedly higher than that in mildly infected EV71 patients. IRAK4 mRNA expression in mildly infected EV71 patients and severely infected patients was significantly higher than that in the control group. IRAK4 mRNA expression in GA + AA genotypes in both mild and severe EV71 infection groups was significantly higher than that in patients with the GG genotype. IL‐6 concentration and the ratio of IL‐6/NF‐κB in severe EV71 cases were significantly lower in patients with the GA + AA genotype than in those with the GG genotype. The ratio of IL‐6/NF‐κB was distinctly higher in severely infected EV71 patients than in mildly infected and control subjects.ConclusionsThe IRAK4 polymorphism rs4251545 was associated with the susceptibility and severity of EV71 infection. The A allele is a susceptible factor in the development of severe EV71 infection in Chinese children.
Pharmacy student perception of a remote hypertension and drug information simulation‐based learning experience in response to the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic
Authors: Cowart Kevin , Updike Wendy H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has required pharmacy educators to redesign or create new simulation‐based learning (SBL) activities to ensure achievement of accreditation standards and ensure practice‐ready pharmacists. Little is known regarding student perception of SBL activities conducted across the Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) curricula during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic.ObjectiveTo assess first‐year Pharm.D. students' confidence in performing manual blood pressure techniques, drug information, and communication skills through a remote SBL.MethodsA pre‐ and post‐simulation survey was administered to Pharm.D. students enrolled in a first‐year pharmaceutical skills course who completed a remote SBL activity. The students' perception of their confidence performing manual blood pressure technique, utilizing drug information resources, and communication skills was assessed in addition to overall experience and challenges with conducting a remote SBL activity.ResultsA total of 87 students completed the SBL activity. The response rate for the pre‐ and post‐simulation survey were 95% (n = 83) and 62% (n = 54), respectively. Significant improvements in perceived confidence in performing manual blood pressure techniques, utilizing drug information resources, and communication skills were observed. A majority of students agreed or strongly agreed that the remote SBL activity was valuable and allowed for the application of didactic content. Qualitative feedback was analyzed using thematic analysis and indicated that the remote setting was challenging to perform manual blood pressure assessment and to interact with a standardized patient, although the feedback was positive for improving drug information and communication skills. Only five students (9%) who completed the post‐simulation survey reported technology issues.ConclusionThe introduction of a remote SBL activity for first‐year Pharm.D. students improved confidence in ability to perform many essential tasks to provide optimal care for patients with hypertension. This included an improvement in confidence in manual blood pressure assessment, the ability to use drug information resources, and communication skills. We could not conclude whether the improvement in confidence was a direct result of the remote SBL activity. Overall, technology did not appear to be a barrier to the implementation of a remote SBL activity.
Competency‐based clinical pharmacogenomics activities during an advanced pharmacy practice experience
Authors: Cicali Emily J. , Cook Kelsey J. , Arwood Meghan J. , Elchynski Amanda , Wiisanen Kristin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionClinical pharmacogenomics is a required element in the Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) curriculum. However, pharmacogenomics is not widely adopted into clinical practice and as such, considerable variability in clinical teaching and learning activities within pharmacogenomic advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPE) exist. Among other places in the University of Florida's Pharm.D. curriculum, practical applications of clinical pharmacogenomics are covered during the APPE year through an elective 6‐week Clinical Pharmacogenomics APPE.ObjectivesDescribe our analysis of clinical pharmacogenomics competency statements and our process of matching these statements with learning activities in our APPE to: (a) identify unmet needs, and (b) identify essential activities for a clinical pharmacogenomics APPE for students to meet pharmacogenomics competencies.MethodsWe reviewed previous APPE syllabi to identify APPE activities, conducted a literature search to identify recommendations on clinical pharmacogenomics competencies, and then aligned these two components. A gap analysis was conducted by preceptors to determine the need for additional activities.ResultsTwenty APPE activities and 42 competency statements were identified. Eighty‐six percent of competency statements were matched to one or more APPE activities. Three activities were added to our Clinical Pharmacogenomics APPE.ConclusionWe refined our Clinical Pharmacogenomics APPE to ensure students meet all of the identified competency statements and provided an essential list of APPE activities that, if implemented, will meet these competency statements.
Adapting clinical pharmacy staffing models during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Lessons learned and considerations for future disaster planning
Authors: Thompson Bastin Melissa L. , Berger Karen , Adams Christopher D. , Altshuler Jerry , Dixit Deepali , Effendi Muhammad K. , Johnston Jackie P. , Lemieux Diana G. , Lemieux Steven M. , Littlefield Audrey J. , Owusu Kent A. , Rose Christina , Rouse Ginger E. , Heavner Mojdeh S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionIn response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, health care institutions have faced challenges necessitating operational agility to facilitate provision of optimal patient care. This research was performed to elucidate how pharmacy departments adapted their staffing models, and the impact on frontline staff satisfaction.MethodsCritical care pharmacists in the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) and the American Society of Health‐System Pharmacists list‐serves were electronically invited to participate in a 28‐question survey between April and May 2020. Likert‐like questions used a 1 to 5 (strongly agree to strongly disagree) scale, and responses were compared based on the degree of satisfaction with implemented pharmacy leadership strategies. Practice model changes were compared before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the effects of independent variables on the primary outcome ‐ satisfaction with pharmacy leadership response.ResultsRespondents (N = 168) representing 40 states in the United States participated. Forty percent of respondents experienced a surge, 68% experienced a staffing model change, and 65% were satisfied overall with their pharmacy leadership's response to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Both specialists (50% vs 21%, P = .013) and unit‐based generalists (65% vs 35%, P < .001) rounded less frequently in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Disagreement with “Satisfied with leadership efforts to protect staff (limiting in‐person meetings, changing code response)” decreased the odds of satisfaction by 96% (odds ratio [OR] 0.043 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.005‐0.336], P = .003). Disagreement with “Satisfied with voice of front‐line staff” was associated with an 84% reduction in satisfaction (OR 0.165 [95% CI 0.049‐0.549], P = .003). Eliminating in‐person rounds was associated with a 95% decrease in satisfaction with pharmacy leadership (OR 0.053 [95% CI 0.007‐0.392], P = .004). Disagreement with “I believe I am at increased risk for COVID‐19 due to departmental staffing decisions” increased satisfaction (OR 3.8, 95% CI [1.06‐13.91], P = .041).ConclusionFrontline staff perceptions can inform practice model changes to improve employee satisfaction while providing safe, reliable, and responsible patient care.
Examining student self‐awareness of performance on entrustable professional activities given context of preceptor evaluations
Authors: Fuller Kathryn A. , Donahue Brian , Kruse Abbey 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionIn experiential learning, student self‐evaluation is used to determine students' self‐awareness. At our institution, we ask students to self‐assess their performance on Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) on Direct Patient Care rotations.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to investigate if students can accurately self‐evaluate performance on EPAs during patient care practice experiences and if their accuracy and therefore, self‐awareness, improves over time.MethodsThis is a retrospective study using data that was collected from both student and preceptor final evaluations at three time points: T1 or Direct Patient Care Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experience (IPPE) (second or third year), T2 or the First Direct Patient Care Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience (APPE) (fourth year), and T3 or the Last Direct Patient Care APPE (fourth year). The primary end point examined change in accuracy over time across all EPAs (global accuracy). The secondary end point examined bias or the under‐/overconfidence. The tertiary end point examined if student accuracy for individual EPAs changes over time.ResultsFor the primary end point, global accuracy, accuracy significantly improved over time (P < .001) with time point one (T1 = 0.52) being more inaccurate than time point two (T2 = 0.26) and time point three (T3 = 0.027). For the secondary end point, bias (degree of under‐/overconfidence), there was no significant difference over time. When examining each individual EPA for changes in accuracy over time, we found individual EPAs showed the same significant trend (P < .001) as global scores.ConclusionStudents' self‐assessment accuracy and therefore self‐awareness of their performance on EPAs improves over time. In all EPAs, the significant improvement in accuracy occurs between the students' Direct Patient Care IPPE (T1) and their first Patient Care APPE (T2). This evidence suggests the importance of early exposure of students to direct patient care activities, and that self‐evaluation of EPAs is beneficial to student development and leads to improved self‐awareness of their performance over time.
Digital health implications for clinical pharmacists services: A primer on the current landscape and future concerns
Authors: D. Aungst Timothy , Franzese Chris , Kim Yoona 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDigital health has seen a rapid expansion across the health care space, impacting many health professions with recent advances in technology. Due to widespread internet access via smartphones and data collection via mobile apps, home assistants, and wearables, there is now a considerable platform to use technology to drive positive patient care impact. Clinical pharmacists may be at the center of developments related to medication adherence, remote patient monitoring, telehealth, digital therapeutics, artificial intelligence, digital biomarkers, and real‐world evidence (RWE), and will need to continually adapt their practice to incorporate these innovations. This primer aims to help clinical pharmacists gain insight into the current and future developments in this area and their implications for the pharmacy profession.
Zooming forward: An advanced pharmacy practice experience utilizing virtual case‐based learning in response to COVID‐19
Authors: Singh Harleen , Olberding Lauren , Al Jammali Zain , Steinkopf Miranda , Bookman Nicholas , Ostrogorsky Tanya L. , Eckrich Megan , McCracken Caitlin , Olstad Stacey 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionIn response to the coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic, Oregon State University College of Pharmacy designed and implemented a virtual six‐week case‐based learning elective rotation for advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE).ObjectivesThe goal was to develop and refine students' knowledge, critical thinking skills, evaluation and assimilation of scientific evidence, and behavior to provide patient‐focused disease management.MethodsThis APPE experience was delivered via asynchronous independent work and synchronous video conferencing. A diverse team of pharmacy experts including faculty, preceptors, and administrators developed and implemented the APPE rotation. Seventy students were divided into three groups, with each group rotating every two weeks in each of the following sections: acute care, ambulatory care, and drug information/journal club. Formative and summative assessment activities were mapped to eight student learning outcomes (SLOs). Graded activities were used to assess the achievement of SLOs, with a target minimum average of 80% as an acceptable level for achieving outcomes. At the end of the rotation, students completed a retrospective pre‐ and post‐survey to reflect their ability level for each course outcome and provide qualitative feedback regarding this APPE rotation.ResultsSixty‐eight students completed the virtual APPE rotation. Two SLOs, one focused on the ability to evaluate and apply evidence‐based medicine and the other on the ability to establish patient‐specific goals, met the target at 80.42% and 81.14%, respectively. The average change in survey responses across all outcomes was positive with 12.35% increase. The largest increase from baseline was 15.22% in the students' ability to retrieve evidence‐based medicine and a 17.72% increase in developing drug‐related educational materials. Generally, qualitative feedback from students was positive.ConclusionThe combination of Zoom and a university‐supported learning management system was a feasible and successful option to design and deliver experiential education in the context of COVID‐19 limitations. Students identified the strengths of this rotation as its structured nature and learning from content experts.