bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing population genomic structure and polyploidy: a crucial step for native plant restoration
Authors: Richardson Bryce A. , Massatti Rob , Islam‐Faridi Nurul , Johnson Skylar , Kilkenny Francis F. 
Published: May 2022

Establishing an effective restoration program requires baseline genetic information to make sound decisions for seed increase and transfer. For many plants this information is lacking, especially among native forbs that are critical for pollinator health. Erigeron speciosus is a widespread, perennial forb occupying montane environments in the western United States and Canada. This species is important in fostering pollinator diversity. Our study examines the population genetic patterns across the species range using reduced‐representation sequencing and surveys for genome duplication using flow cytometry and cytology. These genomic tools provide critical information for seed increase and seed transfer, necessary for restoration programs. Population genetic differentiation (FST) average was 0.13 and ranged from 0.05 to 0.24 among 23 collection sites. Model‐based Bayesian clustering supported a model with collection sites grouped into two populations, occupying distinct geographic regions of this species range. A genetic distance‐based neighbor‐joining tree also supported this division. Flow cytometry of 53 samples from 17 populations had 2C values that ranged from 1.7 to 3.6 pg with a mean 2C value of 2.3 pg. Putative triploids were found in two individuals from one collection site. The spatial distribution of genetic structure supports regionally based taxonomic descriptions of two varieties: speciosus in the North and macranthus in the South. This assessment of genetic structure and genome duplication describes an effective approach in developing baseline genetic information for restoration species, especially those species that may harbor complex taxonomy and polyploidy.
Alterations in shoulder kinematics are associated with shoulder pain during wheelchair propulsion sprints
Authors: Briley Simon J. , Vegter Riemer J. K. , Goosey‐Tolfrey Victoria L. , Mason Barry S. 
Published: May 2022

The study purpose was to examine the biomechanical characteristics of sports wheelchair propulsion and determine biomechanical associations with shoulder pain in wheelchair athletes. Twenty wheelchair court‐sport athletes (age: 32 ± 11 years old) performed one submaximal propulsion trial in their sports‐specific wheelchair at 1.67 m/s for 3 min and two 10 s sprints on a dual‐roller ergometer. The Performance Corrected Wheelchair User's Shoulder Pain Index (PC‐WUSPI) assessed shoulder pain. During the acceleration phase of wheelchair sprinting, participants propelled with significantly longer push times, larger forces, and thorax flexion range of motion (ROM) than both the maximal velocity phase of sprinting and submaximal propulsion. Participants displayed significantly greater peak glenohumeral abduction and scapular internal rotation during the acceleration phase (20 ± 9° and 45 ± 7°) and maximal velocity phase (14 ± 4° and 44 ± 7°) of sprinting, compared to submaximal propulsion (12 ± 6° and 39 ± 8°). Greater shoulder pain severity was associated with larger glenohumeral abduction ROM (r = 0.59, p = 0.007) and scapular internal rotation ROM (r = 0.53, p = 0.017) during the acceleration phase of wheelchair sprinting, but with lower peak glenohumeral flexion (r = −0.49, p = 0.030), peak abduction (r = −0.48, p = 0.034), and abduction ROM (r = −0.44, p = 0.049) during the maximal velocity phase. Biomechanical characteristics of wheelchair sprinting suggest this activity imposes greater mechanical stress than submaximal propulsion. Kinematic associations with shoulder pain during acceleration are in shoulder orientations linked to a reduced subacromial space, potentially increasing tissue stress.
Molecular detection and risk factors associated with multidrug‐resistant Campylobacter jejuni from broiler cloacal and meat samples in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Sirazul , Hasib Farazi Muhammad Yasir , Nath Chandan , Ara Jahan , Logno Tahia Ahmed , Uddin Md. Helal , Khalil Md. Ibrahim , Dutta Pronesh , Das Tridip , Chowdhury Sharmin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe gastrointestinal tract of poultry is a potential source of Campylobacter jejuni. Here, the prevalence, risk factors, antimicrobial susceptibility profile and genetic relationship of C. jejuni were studied in broilers from farms and meat from live bird markets (LBMs) and super shops (SS). Pooled cloacal samples were obtained from farms in six districts of Bangladesh between June 2019 and March 2020. Pooled meat samples were obtained from LBMs and SS in the Chattogram district. Microbial culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), antimicrobial susceptibility tests were used to detect multidrug‐resistant C. jejuni. A positive PCR amplicon was validated by mapA partial gene sequencing and subsequent phylogenetic analysis. In total, 12.5% (95% CI: 8.5–17.7%) of farms (N = 216) and 27.1% (95% CI: 15.28–41.85%) of LBMs and SS (N = 48) tested positive for C. jejuni. Moreover, 98% of the isolates were multidrug‐resistant, with 86% resistant to five or more antimicrobial groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed a downtime of <14 days, no separate footwear for shed access, and more than one person entering the sheds were significantly associated with C. jejuni colonization. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a strong relationship between C. jejuni strains obtained in Bangladesh and strains isolated in India, South Africa and Grenada from humans, pigs and bats. This study revealed significant contamination of broiler meat with Campylobacter spp. and C. jejuni. Potential sources of contamination and anthropogenic factors associated with the alarming prevalence of C. jejuni identified in this study would aid in reducing the growing risks of broiler‐associated pathogens.
Breathing in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: translation to therapy
Authors: Mhandire Doreen Z. , Burns David P. , Roger Angela L. , O'Halloran Ken D. , ElMallah Mai K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X‐linked neuromuscular disease caused by a deficiency in dystrophin – a structural protein which stabilises muscle during contraction. Dystrophin deficiency adversely affects the respiratory system leading to sleep‐disordered breathing, hypoventilation, and weakness of the expiratory and inspiratory musculature, which culminate in severe respiratory dysfunction. Muscle degeneration‐associated respiratory impairment in neuromuscular disease is a result of disruptions at multiple sites of the respiratory control network, including sensory and motor pathways. As a result of this pathology, respiratory failure is a leading cause of premature death in DMD patients. Currently available treatments for DMD respiratory insufficiency attenuate respiratory symptoms without completely reversing the underlying pathophysiology. This underscores the need to develop curative therapies to improve quality of life and longevity of DMD patients. This review summarises research findings on the pathophysiology of respiratory insufficiencies in DMD disease in humans and animal models, the clinical interventions available to ameliorate symptoms, and gene‐based therapeutic strategies uncovered by preclinical animal studies.
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Secondary Reflector and Receiver Positions for Uniform Heat Flux Distribution in Parabolic Trough Solar Thermal Collector
Authors: V Baiju , S Shajan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The distributions of heat flux over the circumference of the receiver tubes have an immense influence on the performance and reliability of the parabolic trough solar thermal collectors. The location of the receiver tube and the secondary reflector configuration may largely influence the performance of the system. Therefore, in this study, the effect of receiver tube position and parabolic secondary reflector configuration has been analyzed, and the non-uniformity of solar flux distribution, heat gradient, and power output has been compared. The results of the Monte Carlo ray-tracing analysis to homogenize the receiver tube flux distribution and maximize the output power, making the use of the cutting edge solar optical simulation tool Tonatiuh, has been presented. A parabolic trough collector with a rim angle of 80 deg and aperture area of 40 m2 have been used for the analysis. It has been confirmed that the circumferential heat flux gradient and the local hot spot could be greatly diminished, while the power output tended to reduce slightly due to the shading effect of the secondary reflector. Under the conditions investigated in this work, although the output power decreased by 4.83%, flux gradient reduced significantly, and the non-uniformity of flux distribution has reduced from 0.9757 to 0.5176. A simple design procedure for receiver tube position and secondary reflector configurations to homogenize the receiver tube temperature distribution has also been proposed.
Novel Assessment and Classification of Monthly Average Daily Global Solar Radiation Models Through a Figure of Merit Called Irradiation Time Equivalence: Analysis of 70 Regression Models Based on Air Temperature and Sunshine Hours Predictors
Authors: De Souza Keith 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Irradiation time equivalence pioneers the classification of models that predict monthly average daily global solar radiation on a horizontal surface based on their double cross-validation performances. By exploiting indigenous irradiation data, novel irradiation-based models can be created and used to classify prediction models, thereby facilitating a deeper understanding of model performance beyond routine summary statistics. The concept was demonstrated by formulating novel 1-hour and 2-hour irradiation-based models to predict monthly average daily global horizontal irradiation. Double cross-validations of the two irradiation-based models and 70 existing regression models were performed using a pair of 5-year subsets. The 70 models used the measured meteorological predictors of air temperature and sunshine hours, either alone or combined. The irradiation time equivalence of a model evaluated under double cross-validation has been defined as the minimum number of hours of measured irradiation needed to predict the monthly average daily irradiation in an average year, with a root mean square error less than or equal to that of the model. Despite their intracompetitiveness, all 44 temperature-based models had an irradiation time equivalence of 1 h, while the remaining 26 models that contained the sunshine-hours predictor were classified with a higher-performance rank of 2 h. An irradiation time equivalence scale extending to 13 h was also developed to cater to the classification of higher-performance models. This fresh perspective on model performance directs future investigations toward determining whether prediction models exhibit global classification constancy.
The Effect of Pitch on Heat Transfer to an Immersed Heat Exchanger in a Solar Thermal Storage Tank With and Without a Baffle
Authors: Nicodemus Julia Haltiwanger , Smith Joshua , Holme Alexander , Johnson Sarah , Petitt Kyle 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The effect of the pitch of a copper coil heat exchanger immersed in a hot water storage tank on heat transfer from the storage tank to the heat exchanger working fluid is investigated. The storage tank is initially quiescent and full of hot water. The heat exchanger located at the top of the tank has a coil diameter just under the tank diameter and has a pitch of 2, 3, 4, 6, or 12 times the heat exchanger diameter, D. The effect of the pitch is explored both with and without a cylindrical baffle, which creates an annular region with the tank wall that has a width of 1.5D and within which the heat exchanger is located. In experiments without the baffle, increasing the heat exchanger pitch improves the rate of heat transfer to the working fluid. The improved heat transfer is attributed to the increased thermal stratification generated by the larger pitches. In experiments with the baffle, the results for experiments with pitches of 2D, 3D, 4D, and 6D are all very similar, with 3D slightly outperforming the others. Heat transfer to the heat exchanger with a 12D pitch was significantly lower than the others. In experiments both with and without the baffle, the larger pitches resulted in more variation in experimental results, despite strict standards for initial and operating conditions. As in the prior work, the presence of the baffle resulted in significantly higher heat transfer rates compared to respective experiments without the baffle.
Lubrication Properties of Textured CSS-42L Bearing Steel Filled With Sn-Ag-Cu-Ti3C2 Under Harsh Environmental Conditions
Authors: Xue Yawen , Hu Xuelin , Shi Xiaoliang , Huang Qipeng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
To study tribological enhancements of MXene-Ti3C2 under harsh environmental conditions (acidification, emulsification, and high-temperature oxidation), the textured CSS-42L bearing steel surfaces filled with Sn-Ag-Cu-Ti3C2 (TSs-SACT) were prepared. Under harsh conditions, lubrication properties of TSs-SACT were investigated. The results showed that the vibrations of frictional forces and loads of TSs-SACT with the best antifriction performance were suppressed. The curves of instantaneous frictional forces of TSs-SACT were the smoothest, and the amplitudes of instantaneous loads were reduced. Sn-Ag-Cu-Ti3C2 with good adsorption could inhibit the oil film ruptures, which improves the lubrication. TSs-SACT induced the tribochemical reactions to produce the intermetallic compounds and oxides with good tribological properties, resulting in the uniform profiles with excellent antifriction performance and wear resistance.
Deep-focus earthquakes: From high-temperature experiments to cold slabs
Authors: Gasc Julien , Daigre Clémence , Moarefvand Arefeh , Deldicque Damien , Fauconnier Julien , Gardonio Blandine , Madonna Claudio , Burnley Pamela , Schubnel Alexandre 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Deep-focus earthquakes (DFEs) present an interesting scientific challenge in that they occur at depths where brittle failure should be impossible. The fact that their occurrence is confined to locations where subducting lithospheric slabs are crossing through the transition zone suggests that olivine phase transformations may be involved in the production of these earthquakes. Experimental studies have shown that olivine can persist metastably in subducting slabs and that olivine phase transformations can lead to faulting at high pressures. However, it has been argued that large DFEs are too large to be contained within a metastable olivine wedge preserved in the interior of subducting slabs. We demonstrate, using experiments on olivine-analog materials, that transformational faulting can continue to propagate via shear-enhanced melting into the stable high-pressure phase. We also show that transformational faulting is controlled by the ratio between strain rates and the olivine-ringwoodite transformation rates, and extrapolate this relationship to the natural conditions of DFEs. Counterintuitively, these results imply that cold and fast-subducting slabs produce transformational faulting at higher temperatures, which results in more numerous DFEs.
Neodymium isotopes of central Mediterranean phosphatic hardgrounds reveal Miocene paleoceanography
Authors: Cornacchia Irene , Brandano Marco , Agostini Samuele , Munnecke Axel 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Understanding the causes of the formation of hardgrounds provides insights on the oceanographic evolution of a basin. Phosphate-rich hardground formation interrupted carbonate ramp deposition in the Mediterranean during the Miocene. We analyzed the εNd record of three central Mediterranean hardgrounds to identify the origin of the phosphate-rich waters that formed them within the frame of Mediterranean Miocene paleoceanographic evolution. The Nd isotopes suggest that eastern Mediterranean deep waters were controlled by runoff, in contrast to Atlantic and Indian Ocean waters. This Nd isotope record attests to the weakening of Mediterranean circulation during the Miocene due to closure of the Indian Gateway. Limited exchange with Atlantic shallow seawater led to long residence times for deep waters in the basin. This record indicates the role of upwelling in formation of phosphate hardgrounds and shows the influence of global climate change and local paleoceanographic conditions.
Mercury isotopic composition of igneous rocks from an accretionary orogen: Implications for lithospheric recycling
Authors: Deng Changzhou , Gou Jun , Sun Deyou , Sun Guangyi , Tian Zhendong , Lehmann Bernd , Moynier Frédéric , Yin Runsheng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Mercury (Hg) provides critical information on terrestrial planet formation and evolution due to its unique physicochemical properties and multiform isotopic compositions. Current knowledge of Hg is mainly limited to Earth's surface environments, and the understanding of Hg in the Earth's interior remains unclear. Accretionary orogens are major settings for continental crustal growth and crust-mantle interactions. We studied the Hg concentration and isotopic composition of igneous rocks in the eastern Central Asian orogenic belt, using Hg as a proxy to trace the recycling of surface materials in Earth's lithosphere. Our results show low Hg abundances in mafic through felsic igneous rocks (4.93 ± 4.35 ppb, standard deviation [SD], n = 267). Mafic rocks show slightly lower δ202Hg (−2.9‰ ± 0.5‰, SD, n = 24) than intermediate (−2.4‰ ± 0.8‰, SD, n = 58) and felsic (−1.5‰ ± 0.8‰, SD, n = 185) rocks, indicating a chemical stratification of Hg isotopic composition in the continental crust with isotopically lighter Hg in the lower part and heavier Hg in the upper part. Slightly positive Δ199Hg values are observed in mantle-derived mafic (0.07‰ ± 0.06‰, SD) and intermediate (0.06‰ ± 0.07‰, SD) rocks, which agree well with those reported for marine sediments, indicating the involvement of fluids or melts from the oceanic crust. Larger variations of Δ199Hg values (−0.26‰ to +0.21‰, average: 0.01‰ ± 0.08‰, SD, n = 185) are observed in felsic rocks, further indicating recycling of surface Hg from the marine reservoir via slab subduction (reflected by positive values) plus magmatic assimilation of terrestrial Hg (reflected by negative values). Our study demonstrates that Hg isotopes can be a promising tracer for the chemical dynamics of Earth's lithosphere.
Thrice daily consumption of a novel, premeal shot containing a low dose of whey protein increases time in euglycemia during 7 days of free-living in individuals with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Smith Kieran , Taylor Guy S , Brunsgaard Lise H , Walker Mark , Bowden Davies Kelly A , Stevenson Emma J , West Daniel J 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionDuring acute feeding trials, consuming a large dose of whey protein (WP) before meals improves postprandial glucose regulation in people with type 2 diabetes. It is unclear if the reported benefits of premeal WP supplementation are translatable to everyday care or are associated with clinically meaningful, real-world glycemic outcomes. This study examined the application of a novel, premeal shot containing a low dose of WP on parameters of free-living glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes.Research design and methodsIn a randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind crossover design, 18 insulin naive individuals with type 2 diabetes ((mean±SD) age, 50±6 years; HbA1c(glycated hemoglobin), 7.4%±0.8%; duration of diabetes, 6±5 years) consumed a ready-to-drink WP shot (15 g of protein) or a nutrient-depleted placebo beverage 10 min before breakfast, lunch, and dinner over a 7-day free-living period. Free-living glucose control was measured by blinded continuous glucose monitoring and determined by the percentage of time spent above range (>10 mmol/L), in euglycemic range (3.9–10.0 mmol/L), below range (<3.9 mmol/L) and mean glucose concentrations.ResultsMealtime WP supplementation reduced the prevalence of daily hyperglycemia by 8%±19% (30%±25% vs 38%±28%, p<0.05), thereby enabling a 9%±19% (~2 hours/day) increase in the time spent in euglycemia (p<0.05). Mean 24-hour blood glucose concentrations were 0.6±1.2 mmol/L lower during WP compared with placebo (p<0.05). Similar improvements in glycemic control were observed during the waken period with premeal WP supplementation (p<0.05), whereas nocturnal glycemic control was unaffected (p>0.05). Supplemental compliance/acceptance was high (>98%), and no adverse events were reported.ConclusionsConsuming a novel premeal WP shot containing 15 g of protein before each main meal reduces the prevalence of daily hyperglycemia, thereby enabling a greater amount of time spent in euglycemic range per day over 7 days of free-living in people with type 2 diabetes.Trial registration numberISRCTN17563146;www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN17563146
Excess mortality by suicide in high-risk subgroups of suicide attempters: a prospective study of standardised mortality rates in suicide attempters examined at a medical emergency inpatient unit
Authors: Probert-Lindström Sara , Öjehagen Agneta , Ambrus Livia , Skogman Pavulans Katarina , Berge Jonas 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesThe primary aim of the present study was to investigate the putative excess mortality by suicide in suicide attempters. As a secondary aim, we investigate excess mortality in specific, clinically relevant subgroups: individuals with repeated suicide attempts (RA); individuals who used violent method at the attempt (VA); and those who scored high on the Suicide Intent Scale (HS) at the time of the baseline attempt. Finally, we investigate excess mortality in men and women separately and within 5 years and over 5 years after hospital admission for attempted suicide.DesignProspective register-based follow-up for 21–32 years. Standardised mortality ratio (SMR) was calculated for suicide using national census data. Clinically relevant subgroups were investigated separately.SettingMedical emergency inpatient unit in the south of Sweden.Participants1039 individuals who were psychiatrically assessed at admission to medical inpatient care for attempted suicide between 1987 and 1998.Outcome measureSuicide.ResultsThe overall SMR for suicide was 23.50 (95% CI 18.68 to 29.56); significantly higher (p<0.001) among women (30.49 (95% CI 22.27 to 41.72)) than men (18.61 (95% CI 13.30 to 26.05)). Mortality was highest within the first 5 years after the index suicide attempt (48.79 (95% CI 35.64 to 66.77)) compared with those who died after 5 years (p<0.001) (14.74 (10.53 to 20.63)). The highest independent SMR was found for VA (70.22 (95% CI 38.89 to 126.80)). In a regression model including RA, VA and HS all contributed significantly to excess suicide mortality.ConclusionsAn elevated risk of premature death by suicide was found in suicide attempters compared with the general population. Assessment of previous suicide attempts is important, even though the attempt/s may have occurred decades ago. When assessing suicide risk, clinicians should consider repeated attempts and whether the attempts involved high suicidal intent and violent method. Healthcare interventions may benefit from targeting identified subgroups of attempters.