bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
St. Augustinegrass, Southern Chinch Bug Control, Florida, 1983
Authors: Reinert James A. , Bilz Frank G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were evaluated for control of organophosphate-resistant southern chinch bugs on 2 infested residential lawns of St. Augustinegrass, in southern Florida. Both lawns had previously been treated by a commercial lawn service with 1.12 kg of Al/ha of chlorpyrifos (the recommended rate) with no resulting control. Plots (1.5 X 3.0 m) were treated with insecticides in 2 experiments in randomized complete block experiments each with 4 replicates. Chemicals were applied in ca. 4 liters of water/plot and washed into the turf with ca. 8 liters of water. Chinch bug populations were measured before treatments and at 7 and 14 days posttreatment. Samples were made by forcing a 34.7-cm-diam metal cylinder partially into the turf, filling it with water to flood the turf, and counting the chinch bugs that surfaced in 8 min.
Control of Red Harvester Ant with Baits, Drenches, and Powder Contrates, 1984
Authors: Price Richard , Pinkston Ken , King Ed , Freeman Richard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Evaluation of red harvester ant control was conducted near Stillwater, Oklahoma, on 16 acres of open pastureland. Treatments were randomized and replicated 5 times. Ant mounds were checked for activity and marked prior to the start of the tests. Treatments were made on 7 Jun. Mounds were checked for visible ant activity at 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 12 wk after treatment. On the 16 wk, all mounds were checked for visible ant activity by digging to a depth of 1 ft beneath the mound. Treatments were applied over each nest opening to cover an area 4 ft in diameter. Drenches consisted of applying 1 gal of finished spray from a garden sprinkler can while baits and powders were applied by evenly distributing the material over the surface of the mounds. One treatment consisted of applying a Dursban drench in a hole in the center of the mound. The hole was 1 ft in diameter and 6 inches deep. Rainfall in the area during the test was: Jun, 5.32 inches; Jul, .63 inches; Aug, 1.02 inches; Sep, 1.19 inches; Oct, 4.85 inches for a total of 13.01 inches.
Apple, Insect Control, Hudson Valley, Highland, New York, 1984
Authors: Weires R. W. , VanKirk J. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied to 8-tree plots replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied at pink, 7 May, petal fall, 3 or 4 Jun, and in cover sprays 18 Jun, 2 Jul, 16 Jul, 30 Jul, and 15 or 16 Aug. The 2 Dimilin treatments were applied 7 May, 2 Jul, and 16 Jul; the DPX Y5893 treatments 7 May; and the Spur treatment on 7 May, 4 Jun, 2 Jul, and 30 Jul. Guthion was applied to the Dimilin and DPX plots on the remaining dates. Pounce was applied 7 May and 4 Jun, while Advantage was applied on the remaining dates. Treatments were applied to runoff using a high-pressure handgun sprayer at 400 psi delivering 4.2 gal spray/tree or 403 gal/ acre. Trees were 20-years-old, 12 ft high, spaced 15 by 30 ft, and on EMU rootstock. Additional applications over the entire block included: Bravo 500 8 qt/ acre, 18 Apr; Captan 50WP 3 lb/acre, 4 Jun and 28 Jun; Vangard 10WP 30 oz/acre, 28 Jun; Benlate 50WP 1 lb/acre, 13 Jul; and Dithane M-45 78WP 6 lb/ acre, 26 Jul and 15 Aug. Plictran 50WPP6 oz/100 gal, was applied for mite control in the Pounce and Dimilin/Guthion plots on 26 Jul. AA were evaluated on 1 ‘Rhode Island Greening’ tree/plot on 20 Jul; RAA on 1 ‘Cortland’ tree/plot on 8 Jun; EAS from 1 ‘McIntosh’ tree/plot on 12 Jun; and STLM on 1 ‘Empire’ tree/plot on 17 Oct. Insect damage to fruit was assessed at harvest by examining 100 fruits/cultivar/plot from ‘McIntosh’ 10 Sep, ‘Empire’ 24 Sep, and ‘Golden Delicious’ 4 Oct. A cool, wet spring resulted in bloom lasting longer than normal. Continual rainfall during the final week of bloom prevented timely application of the petal fall spray.
Sheep Ked Control with Insecticide Ear Tags, 1984
Authors: Lloyd J. E. , Kumar R. , Pfadt R. E. , Watson D. W. , LeaMaster B. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticide ear tags were evaluated on flocks of sheep that varied in size from 11 to 50 animals. The tags, which were smaller than conventional cattle ear tags, were ca. 5 g each. All mature sheep in the flocks had been shorn between 15 Mar and 21 May ‘84. In flocks of ewes and lambs, only the ewes were treated. In flocks that were primarily dry ewes (plus a few yearlings) or rams, every animal was treated. Treated animals received tags in both ears. Each flock was teated between 5 and 14 Jun ‘84. Sheep ked population densities were determined in the treated and 3 untreated flocks by making whole body counts of adult keds on either 5 lambs and 5 ewes or 10 mature animals immediately preceding and 4 to 6 wk following treatment.
Apple, Petal Fall Insecticide Applications, 1984
Authors: Forsythe H. Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test materials were applied to 13-year-old trees at Monmouth, Maine, as dilute sprays using a hand gun and a hydraulic sprayer operating at 250 psi at 300 gal/acre. Trees were sprayed on 3 Jun (petal fall). The fungicide program consisted of Difolatan 4F (5 qt/100 gal) on 29 Apr. There were 4 single-tree replications for each treatment. A randomized complete block design was used. Except for test trees, the orchard was not sprayed with insecticides. On 30 Aug, 0.5 box of apples was picked from each tree, and about 480 apples were examined per treatment on 8 Sep for typical feeding injuries by MLB and egg-laying scars by PC. On 2 dates MLB counts were taken by rapping a fruit cluster over a plastic box; on 21 Jun, 20 clusters were sampled per tree and on 9 Jul, 10 clusters. ERM were counted on 1 date on 25 leaves collected mostly at chest-height around the periphery of each tree. Leaves were brought into the laboratory and brushed onto glass plates coated with a Tween 20 and alcohol mixture; mites were counted the same day. The first half of Jun was very warm.
Black Vine Weevil Control, 1983-84
Authors: Shanks Carl H. , Chamberlain Jimmie D. , Chase David L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots, 2 ft x 4 ft, were surrounded by 12-inch-high aluminum barriers. The metal was coated with Fluon to keep the flightless adult weevils from crawling either in or out. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design and were applied in 1983 on the dates shown in the table. Sprays were applied at the rate of 300 gal of water/acre. Granules were broadcast over the plots by use of a “salt shaker” applicator. Plots were infested with 10 adult black vine weevils on both 1 Jun ’83 and 25 Jun ’83. Sprays were allowed to dry before the weevils were placed on the soil under the vines. Treatments were evaluated on 16 Apr ’84. All vines were pulled from each plot and then vine and root vigor were rated subjectively on a scale of 1 (poorest) to 5 (best). All larvae were collected from the soil and counted.
Control of Grape Berry Moth, 1982-83
Authors: Cortas Lina M. , Jubb Gerald L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two tests were conducted in established Concord grape vineyards in North East, PA. The 1982 test had a plot size of 5 vines in a row replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. A minimum of 1 vine served as a buffer between plots in a row, and a 1-row buffer between plot rows was maintained. Sprays were applied on 9 Jun, 17 Jun, 11 Aug and 23 Aug using a 6-gal True-Test plant sprayer operated off a high pressure hose of a Myers 61256ET2 hydraulic vineyard sprayer. Operating pressure was 100 lb/in2. Sprays were applied to runoff resulting in approximately 100 gal/acre during Jun and Jul and 200 gal/acre during Aug. Triton AG-98 was the spreader-sticker used at a rate of 8 oz/100 gal in all treatments. The 1983 test was similar to the 1982 test except replications in 1983 were located in border rows of separate vineyards to insure heavy berry moth infestations in all replications. Application dates in 1983 were 22 Jun, 8 Jul, 8 Aug and 23 Aug. Treatments were evaluated on 24 Sep ’82 and 30 Sep ’83 by hand harvesting 50 clusters at random per plot and examining all berries for berry moth larvae and injury.
Snap Beans, European Corn Borer Control, 1984
Authors: Linduska James J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Snap beans were planted in 4-row plots 35 ft long on 3-ft centers on 13 Jun. The center 2 rows of each plot were the treatment rows. Each plot was buffered on each side by an untreated guard row. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Spray treatments were mixed in 10 gal of water and applied at a rate of 50 gal/acre at 90 psi on 25 Jul and 2 Aug. Treatments were applied with a custom built row crop sprayer equipped with 3 drop nozzles per row. All plots were infested with approx. 250 1-day-old ECB larvae/10 ft of row on 22 and 29 Jul (total of 500 larvae/10 ft for both infestation dates). Heavy rains followed each infestation. Consequently, the majority of the larvae were killed. Bazookas were used to dispense larvae onto plants. A 10 ft section from each plot was harvested on 7 Aug and yield was recorded. On the same date 250 bean pods from each plot were examined for European corn borer injury.
Diamondback Moth on Broccoli, 1984
Authors: Nahors Raymond A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Broccoli was planted 14 April on 38 inch rows in loam soil with high N, P, K and a pH of 6.2. A plot consisted of 2 rows 100 ft long. There were 4 replications of each treatment. Broccoli was sprayed on 11 June using an R&D pistol belt sprayer with CO2 pressure at 50 psi delivering 25 gal/acre through a flat-fan nozzle. The relative humidity was 71%, the temperature was 80°F and the wind was from the west at 5 mph. A new formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis (SAN 415) was used in this test. Evaluations were made 48h after treatment. The criterion for evaluation was the number of caterpillars on 10 randomly selected plants in each treatment.
Insect Control on Spring Planted Collards, 1984
Authors: Criswell Jim T. , Bostian Bruce 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Collards were seeded 6 March at the Vegetable Research Station, Bixby, OK. Plots consisted of three 3-m rows with 0.3 m between rows. Plots were completely randomized and treatments were replicated 3 times. Treatments were applied 21 May, 4 Jun and 11 Jun.
Collard Insect Control, 1983
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Johnson E. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Collards were transplanted 25 May near Benson, NC. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Plots consisted of single rows 10 ft long on 42-inch centers and were mulched with black plastic. Treatments were made using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer with a single hollow cone nozzle delivering 100 gal/acre at 40 psi. Applications were made on 9, 16, 23, 30 Jun, 7, 18, 25 Jul, 3 and 10 Aug. Plyac spreader-sticker was added to all treatments. Insect counts were made on 9, 16 and 29 Jun, and damage ratings were made 29 Jun, 19 Jul and 8 Aug.
Apple, Large Block Chemical Control of Codling Moth, 1985
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Smith L. O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two insecticides were evaluated for their ability to provide seasonal control of the codling moth. A 25-year-old apple orchard with under-tree irrigation was used for this test. All materials were applied in a dilute spray at 400 gal per acre using a Bean airblast sprayer. Two applications were made against first generation of codling moth. The first Dimilin application was timed to coincide with beginning of oviposition or 75 degree days (9 May) after first moth detection in pheromone traps. The second application was applied 21 days following the first (1 Jun). The first application of Guthion was timed to coincide with predicted 3% egg hatch or 250 degree days (23 May) following first moth flight as detected in pheromone traps. The second cover was applied 21 days following the first (13 Jun). One application was made against second generation. Dimilin was applied at 1000 degree days (8 Jul) following first moth while Guthion was applied at 1650 degree days (23 Jul) after first moth. After first generation all fruit from 25 trees in each block were examined and the number of injured apples recorded. Following second generation 100 fruit on 25 trees were examined and the number of injured fruit recorded. Mites were sampled bi-weekly beginning in mid-Jun. Fifty leaves were selected at random (5 leaves/tree) from trees within each test block, brushed and counted in the laboratory. Aphid counts were taken on 13 Sep. Relative density of green apple aphid (GAA) was estimated by counting infested terminals out of 50 from each of 10 trees selected at random from each block. Density of woolly apple aphid (WAA) was estimated by selecting 10 vegetative shoots from the center of each of 10 trees per block. Active WAA colonies on each shoot were counted. Density of white apple leafhopper (WALH) was estimated by counting leafhoppers observed on 25 leaves per tree from each of 10 trees per block.
Efficacy of BTS48011 on Cabbage for Control of Aphids and Larvae, 1983
Authors: Halfhill J. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Golden Acre’ fresh market cabbage was seeded into 25-ft, 2-row beds having 22-inch row and 18 to 24-inch interplant spacing on 27 Apr ’83. The Ritzville silt loam (Calciorthidic Haploxerolls) had 1.6% organic matter and a pH of 6.2. BTS 48011 was applied at 0.10, and 0.20 lb ai/acre on 22 and 29 Jun, and 6, 13, and 20 Jul using a drop nozzle boom mounted on a high clearance sprayer travelling at 2.75 mph. The insecticide was applied in 40 gpa at 60 psi through TEEJET® hollow cone nozzles with 1 nozzle above and 1 on each side of the row. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Plots were irrigated with sprinklers at 1.0 acre-inches/week. Overall efficacy was determined by the percent of uncontaminated/undamaged cabbage heads in 20 examined. The numbers of insects present was determined 27 Jul, seven days after the final application. Phytotoxic effects were determined at the same time.
Evaluation of Acaricides for Control of Spider Mites on Cantaloupes, 1985
Authors: Perring Thomas M. , Farrar Charles A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Melons were planted 31 Jan ’85 on 80 inch center slant beds at the Imperial Valley Field Station, El Centro, CA. Seeds were precision planted on the south-facing slope of the bed to take advantage of solar heating. Furrow irrigation and other standard practices were used. Experimental plots, 4 rows × 25 ft, were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Pesticide applications were made on 16 May using a 2-row, handheld CO2-driven backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 24 gal of total spray/acre at 40 psi. Materials evaluated and rates used are presented in the data table. Total number of adult TSSM were counted on 5 plants/plot. On these plants, 5 leaves, on which the most adult female mites were found, were selected between leaves 10 and 20 on the primary branch. Counts were made on these leaves and summed for a plant total. Counts were made on 15, 22, 28 May, 5 and 11 Jun. Hendersons formula, which takes into account the natural increase/decrease of mites in the control plots was used to convert mite counts into percent control.
Sweetcorn, Corn Earworm and Fall Armyworm Control, 1985
Authors: All J. N. , Javid A. , Guillebeau P. L. , Chamberlin J. R. , A11 J. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Funks G80’ planted 1 Jun ’85, at the University ol Georgia Experiment Station, Oconee Co. Soil type was a Cecil coarse sandy loam. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 2 row plots × 6.5-m long × 1-m row wide with 1-m alleys. There were 5 replicates. Plants were treated with a full cone spray using an air pressure sprayer at 30 psi with a final volume of 500 1/ha directed on the plant ears. Sprays were applied 9 times beginning at the initiation of silking on 26 Jul, and continuing 29, 31 Jul, 2, 5, 7, 9, 12, and 14 Aug. All ears in the center 6 m of row were examined on 16 Aug for the presence of larvae oi damage.
Control of European Corn Borer on Early Sweet Corn, 1985
Authors: Bowman James S. , Everich Robert C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study was performed on the Hughe Tuttle Farm, Dover, NH and utilized ‘Seneca Star’ sweet corn that was planted on 11 Apr. Each plot consisted of a single 30-foot row of corn and each treatment was replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized block design. The spray treatments were applied using a B&G CO2 pressurized (40 psi) single nozzle hand-held sprayer that delivered 14.4 gal/acre. The granular treatments were applied by hand. All applications were directed into th( whorls when the corn plants showed signs of ECB leaf feeding injury and before tassels began to emerge from the whorls. Two spray applications were made 5 days apart while the granular treatments were applied once. Evaluations for the percentage of injured tassels was made on 15 Jul and percentage of injured stalks and ears were made at harvest time by examining all the plants in each treatment.
Control of Aphids and Aster Yellows in Lettuce, Ft. Collins, Co, 1985
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Great Lakes’ lettuce was transplanted 12 Aug at the Colorado State University Bay Farm, Ft. Collins, CO. Individual plots were 25 heads planted in a staggered double bed at 18-inch spacing. Plot design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Treatments were applied 19 Aug and 27 Aug using a CO2 compressed air sprayer delivering 50 gals/acre. Aphids were counted 30 Aug on 5 randomly selected heads/plot. Aster yellows, vectored by the aster leafhopper, was assessed 23 Sep by counting infected heads.
Potato Insect Control, 1985-Comparative Efficacy of Conventional Vs. Controlled Droplet Application
Authors: Goh K. S. , Specker D. R. , Tingey. W. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potato seed pieces were planted in a Rhinebeck silt loam field on 22 May ’85 at the C.U. Vegetable Research Farm, Freeville, NY. Each plot c onsisted of a 30-ft long row separated by 2 skip-rows. Plots were arranged in a split-plot experimental design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied with: 1) a tractor-mounted hydraulic boom sprayer with 4 hollow cone nozzles delivering 100 gal/acre at 250 PSI, and 2) a tractor-mounted controlled droplet applicator (CDA) sprayer delivering 6.7 gal/acre at 3500 RPM and 20 PSI. Treatments were applied on 25 Jun, 16 Jul, and 27 Aug. Sampling methods and dates were: 1) CPB: no. of live beetles per 10 hills on 24 Jun, 2 Jul; no. of dead beetles per 10 hills on 26, 28 Jun; no. of live larvae per 20 mainstems on 9 Jul; no. of live larvae per 5 mainstems on 17, 30 Jul; 2) aphids: no. per 5 compound leaves (from lower ⅓ of plant) on 11, 17, 30 Jul; no. per 4 compound leaves on 14 Aug; no. per 2 compound leaves on 30 Aug; and 3) PLH: no. per 5 D-vac sampling sites on 15, 18 Jul, 1,15 Aug, and 3 Sep. Weed control, fertilization, and other cultural practices were the same as those normally used in commercial production.
Potato Insect Pest Control with Systemic Insecticides, 1985
Authors: Johnston Richard L. , Halbert Susan , Bishop Guy W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted on 18 Apr at the j University of Idaho Research and Extension Center, Caldwell, ID, in Vickery-Marsing silt loam. Plots were 2-row, 20 ft long separated by 3-ft borders of ‘Red Pontiac’ potatoes in a randomized complete block design with 6 replications. Insecticides were applied broadcast, in-furrow at planting, or in a 10 inch band. Those chemicals applied broadcast or in a 10 inch band were applied by hand, then soil incorporated. Counts for aphids and the CPB were made weekly by examining 10 leaves per plot. CPB damage rating was from 0-3, with 0 being no visible damage and 3 severe damage. Wireworm damage was assessed at harvest by examining 50 tubers from each plot.
Green Peach Aphid Control on Potatoes, Center, Co, 1985
Authors: Liewehr David J. , Cranshaw Whitney S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted 7 May at the San Luis Valley Research Center, Center, CO. Plots were 3-row, 24 ft. in length, arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied 11 Jul and 8 Aug using a CO2 compressed air sprayer delivering 64 gal/acre. An additional Kryocide treatment was also applied 25 Jul. Evaluations were made at weekly intervals by examining 35 leaves from the center row of each plot. Green peach aphid predominated although small numbers of potato aphids were also observed.
Apple, Acaricide Test, 1985
Authors: Hall F. R. , Zajac M. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test materials were applied as dilute sprays (270-300 gal/acre) to mature ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Jonathan’ and ‘Stayman’ apple trees planted 40 ft by 40 ft apart. A completely randomized design was utilized, with 3 replications (cultivars) per treatment. Compounds were applied with a handgun sprayer at 400 psi on the following dates: 22 Apr (pink (P)), 7 May (petal fall (PF)), 21 May (first cover (IC)), 14 Jun and 1 Jul. Mite populations were assessed by sampling 25 leaves, collected at chest-height from the periphery of each tree; in the laboratory, mites were brushed onto glass plates coated with Tween 20.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle Larvae with Foliar Insecticides, 1985
Authors: Watrin Clifford G. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted 6 May, at the University of Minnesota Northwest Experiment Station, Crookston, MN and at the Red River Valley Potato Growers Association Research Farm, Grand Forks, ND. Plots were of variable length with 38-inch row spacing, randomized in complete blocks with 3 replications. Pretreatment counts were made by counting all 2nd through 4th instars on sufficient plants to yield a minimum of 200 larvae per plot. At Crookston, most larvae were 3rd and 4th instar, at Grand Forks, most larvae were 2nd or 3rd instar. Insecticide sprays were applied using a CO2 powered hand-sprayer delivering 36 gal of water at 35 psi. At Crookston, beetle counts were made 9 Jul, 10 Jul and 15 Jul; foliar sprays were applied 9 Jul immediately after the pretreatment count. At Grand Forks, counts were made 1 Jul, 8 Jul, 10 Jul and 16 Jul; Bacillus thuringiensis and the insect growth regulators were applied 1 Jul and 9 Jul, the conventional insecticides were applied on 9 Jul only. Two untreated controls were included at both locations. Percent control was based on pretreatment and posttreatment counts for each plot.
Foliar Sprays for Colorado Potato Beetle Control on Potatoes, 1985
Authors: Zehnder Geoffrey , Speese John 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted on 18 Mar at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research Station, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of a single 25-ft long row bordered on each side by an untreated row. Potatoes were planted with 10-inch plant and 36-inch row spacing. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied with a propane compressed air backpack sprayer using 3 hollow cone nozzles per row and delivering 75 gal water per acre at 40 psi. Applications were made on 23 Apr, 7, 14, and 21 May, and 3 Jun except for F-4999 and Karate treatments which were applied on 7, 14, and 21 May, and 3 Jun. Evaluation criteria consisted of direct counts of the numbers of CPB larvae and adults on 10 randomly chosen stems per treatment.