bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing reduced penetrance and variable expressivity in X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism
Authors: Pozojevic Jelena , von Holt Björn-Hergen , Westenberger Ana 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism (XDP) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder that primarily affects adult Filipino men. It is caused by a founder retrotransposon insertion in TAF1 that contains a hexanucleotide repeat, the number of which differs among the patients and correlates with the age at disease onset (AAO) and other clinical parameters. A recent work has identified additional genetic modifiers of age-associated penetrance in XDP, bringing to light the DNA mismatch repair genes MSH3 and PMS2. Despite X-linked recessive inheritance, a minor subset of patients are female, manifesting the disease via various mechanisms such as homozygosity, imbalanced X-chromosome inactivation, or aneuploidy. Here, we summarize and discuss clinical and genetic aspects of XDP, with a focus on variable disease expressivity as a consequence of subtle genetic differences within a seemingly homogenous population of patients.
The crystal structure of 4,4′-dichloro-6,6′-dimethoxy-2,2′,3,3′,5,5′- hexanitroazobenzene, C14H6N8O14Cl2
Authors: Xiao Li , GuoLiang Jin , JinFeng He , JiHui Zhang , Lizhen Chen , JianLong Wang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
C14H6N8O14Cl2, orthorhombic, Fdd2 (no. 43), a = 21.2891(12) Å, b = 39.532(3) Å, c = 5.1686(3) Å, V = 4349.9(4) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0469, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1051, T = 140 K.
Stability of voriconazole 10 mg/mL ophthalmic solution during 90 days
Authors: Khan Aasfa , Venet Arnaud , Bernadou Jean-Marc , Cresto Sylvie , Servant Vincent , Boulestreau Hélène , Xuereb Fabien , Crauste-Manciet Sylvie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Fungal keratitis is a rare but severe cause of infectious keratitis and can lead to blindness. To cure fungal keratitis, antifungal like voriconazole eye drops must be immediately administered. As no brand is available on the market, voriconazole ophthalmic solution is compounded in hospital pharmacies using voriconazole powder for intravenous infusion. The aims of our study were to both assess the physico-chemical and microbiological stability of eye drop solutions stored at +2 to 8 °C. Two different High-Density-Polyethylene (HDPE) eye drop dispensing containers were assessed, one with a sterility preserving cap Novelia®(Nemera) and the other without sterility preserving cap both provided by CAT laboratory. In addition microbiological quality was assessed during 15 days simulated patient use.

Methods
Multiple batches of voriconazole 10 mg/mL eye drops were prepared and stored at +2 to 8 °C to study their stability over 90 days. All analyses were performed in triplicate. Physical stability was determined, pH determination, osmolarity measurement, and a particle count test was also performed. A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV) stability indicating method was used to determine chemical stability of the ophthalmic solution over 90 days of storage. For microbiological stability, a sterility test was performed using closed membrane filtration method (Steritest®, Merck Millipore) at D0, D90 and D90+15 days after simulated administration of eye drops (D90+15).

Results
For both containers, no variation of visual aspect, pH, osmolality, particle count and final concentration were observed. No microbiological growth was observed after 90 days of storage. At the end of the simulated administration period (D+15), unconstant microbiological growth was only observed in HDPE vials without sterility preserving cap, whereas HDPE vials with a sterility preserving cap Novelia®(Nemera) remained sterile.

Conclusions
Voriconazole 10 mg/mL ophtalmic solution was stable during 90 days at +2 to 8 °C in lightproof HDPE vials without sterility preserving cap and HDPE vials with a sterility preserving cap Novelia®(Nemera). However, vials with classical cap which are not airtight systems, may microbiologically contaminated during patient’s use than vials with Novelia® cap thanks to their innovative valve system.
Questioning Chinese government officials on a live broadcast TV program: shifted second-person pronouns and journalists’ stance and identity
Authors: Zhou Yan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
It has been recognized that Mandarin speakers use the neutral form (ni) and the honorific form (nin) of second-person pronouns to refer to others based on the social distance and power dynamics between the speakers. Drawing on eighteen hours of journalist-government official conversations in live broadcast TV programs, this study shows that the journalists often shift between the two forms of second-person pronouns when referring to government officials and that the shifts in the two directions appear in different sequential environments. Incorporating the stance triangle model and membership categorization devices, the findings reveal that the shifts indicate changes in the journalists’ self-categorization and their evaluative stances toward the officials in the conversation. The shift from nin to ni tends to occur in the main actions where the interviewer has previously displayed a positive stance but shifts to a negative stance while holding the official accountable; the shift from ni to nin is often used rhetorically to help construct the inconsistencies and self-contradictions of the officials, which also indicates a negative stance.
KEEFEKTIFAN MODEL MIND MAPPING BERBANTUAN GAMBAR TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN MENULIS PUISI
Authors: Amalia Firdausya 
Published: August 2022

Berdasarkan prapenelitian di SDN Gugus Wahid Hasyim, Kabupaten Kendal, ditemukan permasalahan rendahnya keterampilan menulis puisi sehingga mengakibatkan rendahnya hasil belajar bahasa Indonesia khususnya materi menulis puisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji keefektifan model pembelajaran mind mapping terhadap keterampilan menulis puisi kelas IV.Penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan metode kuantitatif jenis eksperimen dengan desain nonequivalent control group design. Teknik sampel yang digunakan adalah simple random sampling, dengan sampel sebanyak 52 siswa. Pengumpulan data menggunakan tes dan dokumentasi. Hasil uji hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,007<0,05 sehingga Ho ditolak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan rata-rata nilai keterampilan menulis puisi pada pretest dan posttest. Sehingga, dapat disimpulkan bahwa model mind mapping efektif terhadap keterampilan menulis puisi siswa kelas IV SDN Gugus Wahid Hasyim Kabupaten Kendal.

Based on pre-research at Wahid Hasyim Cluster Elementary School, Kendal Regency, it was found that there was a problem on poetry sriting skills resulted in low learning outcomes in Bahasa Indonesia subject. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of the mind mapping learning model on the fourth grade of poetry writing skills. The research used a quantitative method of experimental type with a nonequivalent control group design. The sample technique used simple random sampling, with a sample of 52 students. The data collection techniques used tests and documentation. The hypothesis test r.esults showed that the significance value was 0.007 <0.05 so that Ho was rejected. The results showed that there were differences in the average score of poetry writing skills at the pretest and posttest. So, it can be concluded that the mind mapping model was effective on poetry writing skills of the fourth grade at Wahid Hasyim Cluster Elementary School, Kendal Regency.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PERMAINAN TRADISIONAL DAKON BERBASIS TEORI BRUNER
Authors: Supriyanto Slamet 
Published: August 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengembangkan, menguji kelayakan dan keefektifan media permainan tradisional dakon berbasis teori Bruner. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan metode Research and Development Sugiyono. 1 set permainan terdiri dari empat perangkat permainan. Kartu permainan berisikan operasi hitung pembagian. Hasil penilaian ahli materi sebesar 80% (layak) dan ahli media 84% (sangat layak). Hasil belajar menunjukan ketuntasan belajar lebih dari 75%. Media menghasilkan perbedaan rata-rata (t-test) pada uji coba produk 10,58 uji pemakaian 14,44 dan peningkatan hasil belajar (n-gain) pada uji coba produk 0,47 (sedang) dan uji pemakaian 0,78 (tinggi). Jadi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa media permainan tradisional dakon berbasis teori Bruner mata pelajaran matematika materi operasi hitung pembagian bilangan cacah kelas III SD efektif dan layak digunakan.

The objectives of this study were to develop, to test appropriateness and effectiveness of traditional game media based on Bruner theory. This type of study was Sugiyono's Research and Development (R&D). One set of game consisted of four game devices. The game card contain the division calculation operation. The material expert assessment result was 80% (feasible) and the media expert was 84% (very feasible). The learning outcomes showed that learning completeness reached more than 75%. The media produced an average difference (t-test) in the product test that was 10.58, input test was 14.44 and the learning outcomes enhancement (n-gain) in the product test was 0.47 (medium) and input test was 0.78 (high). Thus, it could be concluded that the traditional dakon game media based on Bruner theory on division calculation operation in mathematics subject matter of three-grade students was effective and feasible to use.
Keefektifan Model CTL Terhadap Hasil Belajar Membatik Siswa Kelas V
Authors: Ningrum Fitri Widya 
Published: August 2022

AbstrakBatik merupakan salah satu warisan bangsa Indonesia yang dikagumi oleh masyarakat dunia. Pada abad 19 batik mulai sangat berkembang dan melekat di jawa, namun seiring berangsurnya waktu, batik mulai menyebar ke berbagai daerah di Indonesia bahkan ke Mancanegara. Berdasarkan hasil observasi, wawancara, serta data dokumen hasil belajar siswa kelas V didapat bahwa hasil belajar membatik kurang maksimal dikarenakan pembelajaran belum menggunakan media yang praktis, yaitu canting dan lilin panas, guru cenderung menggunakan model yang membuat siswa pasif, sehingga perlu penerapan model CTL. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menguji keefektifan model CTL berbantuan media lilin dingin terhadap hasil belajar membatik dan mendeskripsikan aktivitas siswa dalam pembelajaran membatik. Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi experimental. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes dan non tes. Analisis data penelitian yaitu uji normalitas, homogenitas, hypothesis, dan n-gain. Hasil uji hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa nilai thitung 5,591, lebih besar dari ttabel 1,998. Hasil uji peningkatan rata-rata N-gain data untuk kelas kontrol sebesar 0,2912 termasuk dalam kriteria rendah, sedangkan untuk kelas eksperimen sebesar 0,5419 termasuk dalam kriteria sedang. Simpulan penelitian adalah model CTL berbantuan media lilin dingin efektif digunakan pada pembelajaran membatik
Batik is one of Indonesian cultural heritages that admired by the world community. In the 19th century batik became highly developed and was well ingrained in java, but over the time, batik has spreadout to various regions in Indonesia and even abroad. Based on observations, interviews, and learning outcomes of batik in 5th grade, it is found that the learning outcomes of batik was not optimal because it was not used the appropiate media, namely canting and hot wax, teachers tend to use models that make students passive, so it is necessary to apply the CTL model. The study aimed to examine the effectiveness of CTL model for batikâ€™s learning outcomes assisted by cold wax media and to describe student activities of batik learning. Analysis of research data were used normality tests, homogenity tests, hypothesis tests, and N-Gain tests. the type of this research was quasi experimental. The data collection techniques were tests and non tests. Hypothesis test results obtained tcount 5.591 greater than ttable 1.998. The increase in test results of the average n-gain data for control class obtained 0.2912 included in the low criteria, while experiment class obtained 0,5419 included in the medium criteria. The conclusion of this research that CTL model is effective for batik learning.
PENGEMBANGAN APLIKASI ADOBE FLASH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA KELAS V
Authors: Sasmita Lisa Dwi 
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran, menguji kelayakan dan keefektifan media berbasis multimedia adobe flash pada materi jaring-jaring kubus dan balok kelas V SD Negeri Candi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini Research and Development (R&D). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan media pembelajaran berbasis multimedia adobe flash dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran berdasarkan penilaian ahli materi didapatkan presentase 74% dan ahli media 75% dalam kategori layak. Hasil penelitian pada media pembelajaran berbasis multimedia adobe flash efektif digunakan sesuai dengan hasil yang diperoleh nilai = 4,867 dan = 2,045 . Dari hasil perhitungan diperoleh = 4,867 > = 2,045 maka H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima. Hasil uji gain dari data yang didapatkan data N-gain sebesar 0,34 dengan kriteria sedang. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah media pembelajaran berbasis multimedia adobe flash pada mata pelajaran Matematika materi jaring-jaring kubus dan balok layak digunakan dan efektif meningkatkan hasil belajar Matematika siswa kelas V SD Negeri Candi.
This study aimed to develop instructional media, test the viability and effectiveness of adobe flash-based multimedia on cube and block nets for the fifth students at Candi Elementary School. The method used Research and Development (R&D). The results showed that adobe flash-based multimedia can be used in learning based on the content expert's assessment obtained a percentage of 74% and by media expert assessment obtained a percentage of 75%, both in viable category. The results of the adobe flash-based mulmimedia was effectively used in accordance with the results obtained with the value = 4,867 and = 2,045. From the calculation, obtained = 4,867> = 2,045, so, H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted. The results of N-gain data was 0.34 in moderate criteria. The conclusion of this research was that the Adobe Flash-based multimedia was viable and effective to improve the mathematics learning outcomes of 5th students at Candi Elementary School.
KEEFEKTIFAN MODEL COOPERATIVE SCRIPT MEDIA MIND MAP TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MENGGALI INFORMASI PENTING
Authors: Subekti Hanum Ari , Nuryanto Sukarir 
Published: August 2022

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan model Cooperative Script dengan media mind map terhadap hasil belajar menggali informasi penting dan mendeskripsikan peningkatan hasil belajar siswa kelas V SDN Gugus Arjuna Kota Semarang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimental design. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi dan tes. Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan Uji t-test polled varians. Hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai pretes dan postes kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen berdistribusi normal dan homogen. Rata-rata nilai posttest kelas eksperimen lebih besar daripada kelas kontrol. Rata-rata nilai posttest kelas eksperimen adalah 79,1 dan nilai rata-rata posttest kelas kontrol sebesar 75,9. Hasil uji-t menunjukkan nilai thitung2,476 > ttabel1,669 dapat diartikan bahwa hasil belajar siswa kelas ekperimen lebih besar dibandingkan kelas kontrol.Selanjutnya, rata-rata N-gain kelaskontrol 0,15139 lebihkecildari rata-rata N-gain kelaseksperimenyaitu 0,3051. Saran yang dapat disampaikan pada guru yaitu, hendaknya memilih model dan media pembelajaran yang dapat melatih tanggung jawab dan memberikan motivasi kepada siswa untuk aktif. Model cooperative script dan media mind map diharapkan dapat menjadi model dan media yang dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.
This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the Cooperative Script model with mind map media on important information digging and to describe the improvement in learning outcomes of fifth grade students at Arjuna Cluster Elementary School Semarang City. This research used quasi experimental design. The data collection techniques used observation and tests. The hypothesis testing used t-test polled variance. The results showed that the pretest and posttest scores for the control class and the experimental class were normally distributed and homogeneous. The average posttest score of the experimental class was higher than the control class. The average posttest score for the experimental class was 79.1 and the posttest mean score for the control class was 75.9. The results of the t-test showed that the value of tcount 2.476> t table 1.669 means that the learning outcomes of the experimental class students were higher than the control class. Furthermore, the control class N-gain average 0.15139 was smaller than the experimental class N-gain average which obtained 0.3051. It was suggested to the teacher to choose learning model and media that can train responsibility and provide motivation for students to be active. Cooperative script model and mind map media were both expected to be the model and media that can improve students' learning outcomes.
KEEFEKTIFAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SAVI BERBANTUAN MEDIA FLASHCARD TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR TARI APUSE
Authors: Anggriyani Hajijah 
Published: August 2022

Abstrak
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi belum diterapkannya model pembelajaran SAVI, media pembelajaran kurang dikembangkan, dan kurang optimalnya praktik dalam pembelajaran tari kreasi Apuse. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan model pembelajaran SAVI berbantuan media flashcard pada siswa kelas IV. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan Quasi Experimental Design dengan subjek penelitian siswa kelas IV SDN Gugus Melati, Kota Semarang. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis hipotesis menggunakan; (1) uji perbedaan rata-rata (uji t pihak kanan); (2) uji N-Gain. Hasil uji hipotesis (1) uji perbedaan dua rata-rata pada hasil belajar thitung 2,91 > ttabel 1,66 menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata hasil belajar kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi dari kelas kontrol. (2) hasil N-Gain pada hasil belajar kogitif kelas eksperimen sebesar 0,47 kriteria sedang dan kelas kontrol 0,36 kriteria sedang, sedangkan pada hasil belajar keterampilan kelas eksperimen sebesar 0,36 kriteria sedang dan kelas kontrol 0,35 kriteria sedang. Kesimpulannya model pembelajaran SAVI berbantuan media flashcard efektif meningkatkan hasil belajar tari kreasi Apuse.
The background of this research is that the SAVI learning model has not been applied, the learning media is underdeveloped, and the practice is not optimal in learning the dance creations of Apuse. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the SAVI learning model assisted by flashcard media in grade IV students. This type of research is a Quasi Experimental Design with the research subjects of fourth grade students of SDN Gugus Melati, Semarang City. Data collection techniques using tests, interviews, and documentation. Hypothesis analysis using; (1) average difference test (right side t test); (2) N-Gain test. Hypothesis test results (1) the two mean difference test on learning outcomes tcount 2.91> ttable 1.66 shows that the average learning outcomes of the experimental class are higher than the control class. (2) the N-Gain results on the cognitive learning outcomes of the experimental class were 0.47 moderate criteria and the control class was 0.36 moderate criteria, while the experimental class skills learning outcomes were 0.36 moderate criteria and 0.35 moderate criteria for the control class. In conclusion, the SAVI learning model assisted by flashcard media is effective in improving the learning outcomes of Apuse's creations.
HUBUNGAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DAN PERCAYA DIRI DENGAN PRESTASI BELAJAR IPS
Authors: Zulfa Indana 
Published: August 2022

Abstrak
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji hubungan antara kemampuan berpikir kritis dan percaya diri dengan prestasi belajar IPS siswa kelas V SDN Gugus Patimura Kecamatan Tanggungharjo Grobogan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian korelasi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V SDN Gugus Patimura Kecamatan Tanggungharjo Grobogan berjumlah 112 siswa. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Sampling Jenuh. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket, tes, dokumentasi, dan wawancara. Uji instrumen dilakukan dengan uji validitas, reliabilitas, indeks kesukaran dan daya beda soal. Uji prasyarat analisis dengan menggunakan uji normalitas, linieritas, dan multikolinieritas. Sedangkan teknik analisis data dengan statistik deskriptif, analisis korelasi Product Moment, analisis korelasi ganda, uji signifikan, dan koefisien determinasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara kemampuan berpikir kritis dan percaya diri secara bersama-sama dengan prestasi belajar IPS, kontribusi variabel kemampuan berpikir kritis dan percaya diri dengan prestasi belajar IPS tersebut termasuk dalam kategori kuat.
This study aims to examine the correlation between critical thinking ability and self confidence with social studies learning achievement of fifth grade students of SDN Gugus Patimura, Tanggungharjo Subdistrict, Grobogan. The type of this research was correlation study. The population in this study were students of fifth grade of SDN Gugus Patimura, Tanggungharjo Subdistrict, Grobogan, amounted to 112 students. The sampling technique used Saturated Sampling. Data collection techniques used questionnaires, tests, documentation, and interviews. The instrument test was done by using validity, reliability, difficulty index, and difference power question. The prerequisite analysis test used the normality, linearity, and multicollinearity tests. While the data analysis technique used descriptive statistics, Product Moment correlation analysis, multiple correlation analysis, significant test, and the coefficient of determination. The results showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between critical thinking ability and self confidence with social studies learning achievement. The contribution of the variable critical thinking ability and self confidence with social studies learning achievement was in the strong category.