bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Giant Skull Tumor: A Benign Meningioma
Authors: Abuzayed Bashar , Rawagah Feras , Bataineh Lama , Al Mohtaseb Alia 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
A 37-year-old male patient was complaining from painless forehead swelling, which started 5 years ago. Brain computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging showed a large extradural mass compressing the both frontal lobes with skull bone infiltration, hyperostosis and enlargement. The patient was operated in 2 stages. In the first stage, the authors achieved separation for the tumor from the scalp and skull. In the second stage after 1 week, the authors continued with circumferential dural opening around the tumor and separation of the tumor from brain tissue. Duroplasty was performed by autologous fascia latta and skin flap was closed primarily. The specimen was received grossly as huge mass weighing 1530 g and measuring 39 × 16 × 12 cm. Histopathologic examination showed grade I meningioma extending beyond the skull to the surrounding soft tissue.
Births After Bariatric Surgery in the United States
Authors: Chao Grace F. , Yang Jie , Peahl Alex , Thumma Jyothi R. , Dimick Justin B. , Arterburn David E. , Telem Dana A. 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
To characterize incidence and outcomes for bariatric surgery patients who give birth.

Background:
Patients of childbearing age comprise 65% of bariatric surgery patients in the United States, yet data on how often patients conceive and obstetric outcomes are limited.

Methods:
Using the IBM MarketScan database, we performed a retrospective cohort study of female patients ages 18 to 52 undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass from 2011 to 2017. We determined the incidence of births in the first 2 years after bariatric surgery using Kaplan-Meier estimates. We then restricted the cohort to those with a full 2-year follow-up to examine obstetric outcomes and bariatric-related reinterventions. We reported event rates of adverse obstetric outcomes and delivery type. Adverse obstetric outcomes include pregnancy complications, severe maternal morbidity, and delivery complications. We performed multivariable logistic regression to examine associations between birth and risk of reinterventions.

Results:
Of 69,503 patients who underwent bariatric surgery, 1464 gave birth. The incidence rate was 2.5 births per 100 patients in the 2 years after surgery. Overall, 85% of births occurred within 21 months after surgery. For 38,922 patients with full 2-year follow-up, adverse obstetric event rates were 4.5% for gestational diabetes and 14.2% for hypertensive disorders. In all, 48.5% were first-time cesarean deliveries. Almost all reinterventions during pregnancy were biliary. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed no association between postbariatric birth and reintervention rate (odds ratio: 0.93, 95% confidence interval: 0.78–1.12).

Conclusions:
In this first national US cohort, we find giving birth was common in the first 2 years after bariatric surgery and was not associated with an increased risk of reinterventions. Clinicians should consider shifting the dialogue surrounding pregnancy after surgery to shared decision-making with maternal safety as one component.
Impact of Red Blood Cell Transfusion on In-hospital Mortality of Isolated Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: Colson Pascal H. , Gaudard Philippe , Meunier Charles , Seguret Fabienne 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
To assess the relationship between red blood cell (RBC) transfusion exposure and in-hospital mortality after isolated coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.

Background:
RBC transfusion was commonly used to treat anemia in isolated CABG surgery, but transfusion was found an independent risk factor of postoperative mortality; recent guidelines on patient blood management strategy issued in the last decade may have changed transfusion incidence and related mortality.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was conducted from the National database on patients’ hospital discharge reports. Consecutive adult patients who underwent isolated CABG surgery in France from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2018, were included. The primary outcome was the in-hospital mortality rate. RBC transfusion during the hospital stay was identified by specific codes and ordered as categorical variables (no, moderate, or massive transfusion).

Results:
A total of 37,498 participants were studied [mean (SD) age, 66.5 (9.6) years, 31,587 (84.2%) were men]. In-hospital mortality rate was 1.45% (n=541) and RBC transfusion rate was 9.4% (n=3521). In-hospital deaths were more frequent among transfused patients [1.06% (361) if no transfusion up to 10.2% (n=113) if massive transfusion]. After adjustment for confounding variables, RBC transfusion remained a significant independent factor of in-hospital mortality: odds ratio=1.66 (95% confidence interval: 1.27–2.19, P<0.001) for moderate transfusion, 6.40 (95% confidence interval: 5.07–8.09, P<0.001) if massive.

Conclusions and Relevance:
Despite a modest patients’ exposure to transfusion, this study suggests that RBC administration is an independent factor of in-hospital mortality in isolated CABG surgery.
Racial Disparities in the 30-Day Outcomes of Gender-affirming Chest Surgeries
Authors: Jolly Divya , Boskey Elizabeth R. , Ganor Oren 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
To determine if and how race impacts the 30-day outcomes of gender-affirming chest surgeries.

Background:
Little is currently known about how race may affect the outcomes of gender-affirming surgeries.

Methods:
We analyzed data from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database of 30-day complications of gender-affirming chest surgeries from 2005 to 2019. All participants had a postoperative diagnosis code for gender dysphoria and at least one procedure code for bilateral mastectomy, bilateral breast reduction, or bilateral augmentation mammoplasty. Differences by racial group were analyzed through Pearson χ2 and multivariate logistic regression.

Results:
There were no racial differences in the all-complication rates for both transmasculine and transfeminine individuals undergoing gender-affirming chest surgeries. Black patients undergoing masculinizing procedures were significantly more likely to experience mild systemic [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02–4.65] and severe complications (aOR: 5.63, 95% CI: 1.99–15.98) when compared with White patients. Patients of unknown race had increased odds of experiencing severe complications for masculinizing procedures compared with White patients (aOR: 3.77, 95% CI: 1.39–10.24). Transmasculine individuals whose race was unknown were 1.98 times more likely (95% CI: 1.03–3.81) to experience an unplanned reoperation compared with White individuals. Black transfeminine individuals were 10.50 times more likely to experience an unplanned reoperation (95% CI: 1.15–95.51) than their White peers.

Conclusions:
Although overall complications are uncommon, there is evidence to suggest that there are racial disparities in certain 30-day outcomes of gender-affirming chest surgeries.
Defining Benchmark Outcomes for Distal Pancreatectomy
Authors: Durin Thibault , Marchese Ugo , Sauvanet Alain , Dokmak Safi , Cherkaoui Zineb , Fuks David , Laurent Christophe , André Marie , Ayav Ahmet , Magallon Cloe , Turrini Olivier , Sulpice Laurent , Robin Fabien , Bachellier Philippe , Addeo Pietro , Souche François-Régis , Bardol Thomas , Perinel Julie , Adham Mustapha , Tzedakis Stylianos , Birnbaum David J. , Facy Olivier , Gagniere Johan , Gaujoux Sébastien , Tribillon Ecoline , Roussel Edouard , Schwarz Lilian , Barbier Louise , Doussot Alexandre , Regenet Nicolas , Iannelli Antonio , Regimbeau Jean-Marc , Piessen Guillaume , Lenne Xavier , Truant Stéphanie , El Amrani Mehdi 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
Defining robust and standardized outcome references for distal pancreatectomy (DP) by using Benchmark analysis.

Background:
Outcomes after DP are recorded in medium or small-sized studies without standardized analysis. Therefore, the best results remain uncertain.

Methods:
This multicenter study included all patients undergoing DP for resectable benign or malignant tumors in 21 French expert centers in pancreas surgery from 2014 to 2018. A low-risk cohort defined by no significant comorbidities was analyzed to establish 18 outcome benchmarks for DP. These values were tested in high risk, minimally invasive and benign tumor cohorts.

Results:
A total of 1188 patients were identified and 749 low-risk patients were screened to establish Benchmark cut-offs. Therefore, Benchmark rate for mini-invasive approach was ≥36.8%. Benchmark cut-offs for postoperative mortality, major morbidity grade ≥3a and clinically significant pancreatic fistula rates were 0%, ≤27%, and ≤28%, respectively. The benchmark rate for readmission was ≤16%. For patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, cut-offs were ≥75%, ≥69.5%, and ≥66% for free resection margins (R0), 1-year disease-free survival and 3-year overall survival, respectively. The rate of mini-invasive approach in high-risk cohort was lower than the Benchmark cut-off (34.1% vs ≥36.8%). All Benchmark cut-offs were respected for benign tumor group. The proportion of benchmark cases was correlated to outcomes of DP. Centers with a majority of low-risk patients had worse results than those operating complex cases.

Conclusion:
This large-scale study is the first benchmark analysis of DP outcomes and provides robust and standardized data. This may allow for comparisons between surgeons, centers, studies, and surgical techniques.
Prevention of Incisional Hernias by Prophylactic Mesh-augmented Reinforcement of Midline Laparotomies for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Treatment
Authors: Dewulf Maxime , Muysoms Filip , Vierendeels Tijl , Huyghe Marc , Miserez Marc , Ruppert Martin , Tollens Tim , van Bergen Liesbeth , Berrevoet Frederik , Detry Olivier 
Published: June 2022

Introduction:
The incidence of incisional hernias (IHs) after open repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is high. Several randomized controlled trials have reported favorable results with the use of prophylactic mesh to prevent IHs, without increasing complications. In this analysis, we report on the results of the 60-month follow-up of the PRIMAAT trial.

Methods:
In a prospective, multicenter, open-label, randomized design, patients were randomized between prophylactic retrorectus mesh reinforcement (mesh group), and primary closure of their midline laparotomy after open AAA repair (no-mesh group). This article reports on the results of clinical follow-up after 60 months. If performed, ultrasonography or computed tomography were used for the diagnosis of IHs.

Results:
Of the 120 randomized patients, 114 were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. Thirty-three patients in the no-mesh group (33/58—56.9%) and 34 patients in the mesh group (34/56—60.7%) were evaluated after 5 years. In each treatment arm, 10 patients died between the 24-month and 60-month follow-up. The cumulative incidence of IHs in the no-mesh group was 32.9% after 24 months and 49.2% after 60 months. No IHs were diagnosed in the mesh group. In the no-mesh group, 21.7% (5/23) underwent reoperation within 5 years due to an IH.

Conclusions:
Prophylactic retrorectus mesh reinforcement after midline laparotomy for the treatment of AAAs safely and effectively decreases the rate of IHs. The cumulative incidence of IHs after open AAA repair, when no mesh is used, continues to increase during the first 5 years after surgery, which leads to a substantial rate of hernia repairs.
Waiting times in a branching process model of colorectal cancer initiation
Authors: Zhang Ruibo , Ukogu Obinna A. , Bozic Ivana 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe consider a multi-type branching process model for the initiation of colorectal cancer, which progresses through a complex sequence of driver mutations. The model incorporates the relative fitness advantages conferred by driver mutations, which leads us to consider non-dividing sub-populations, and the effects of neutral and advantageous mutations. We analyze large-time limits to approximate the population sizes of sub-clones founded by neutral or advantageous mutations, and use the results to compute the waiting time distributions for the incidence of novel mutations in colorectal cancer initiation. Analytic waiting time distributions, including the distribution of waiting time to malignancy, are in good agreement with results from Monte Carlo simulations of the model. The approach presented here can be extended to other multi-type branching process models where population growth rates of consecutive types are non-decreasing.
Scalable RT-LAMP-based SARS-CoV-2 testing for infection surveillance with applications in pandemic control
Authors: Lou Dan , Meurer Matthias , Ovchinnikova Svetlana , Burk Robin , Denzler Anna , Herbst Konrad , Papaioannou Ioannis A. , Duan Yuanqiang , Jacobs Max L. , Witte Victoria , Ürge Daniel , Kirrmaier Daniel , Krogemann Michelle , Gubicza Krisztina , Boerner Kathleen , Bundschuh Christian , Weidner Niklas M. , Merle Uta , Knorr Britta , Welker Andreas , Denkinger Claudia M. , Schnitzler Paul , Kräusslich Hans-Georg , Dao Thi Viet Loan , Deckert Andreas , Anders Simon , Knop Michael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThroughout the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, limited diagnostic testing capacity prevented sentinel testing of the population, demonstrating the need for novel testing strategies and infrastructures. Here, we describe the set-up of an alternative testing platform, which allows scalable surveillance testing as an acute pandemic response tool and for pandemic preparedness purposes, exemplified by SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics in an academic environment. The testing strategy involves self-sampling based on gargling saline, pseudonymized sample handling, automated 96-well plate-based RNA extraction, and viral RNA detection using a semi-quantitative multiplexed colorimetric reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay with an analytical sensitivity comparable to RT-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). We provide standard operating procedures and an integrated software solution for all workflows, including sample logistics, LAMP assay analysis by colorimetry or by sequencing (LAMP-seq), and communication of results to participants and the health authorities. Using large sample sets including longitudinal sample series we evaluated factors affecting the viral load and the stability of gargling samples as well as the diagnostic sensitivity of the RT-LAMP assay. We performed >35,000 tests during the pandemic, with an average turnover time of fewer than 6 hours from sample arrival at the test station to result announcement. Altogether, our work provides a blueprint for fast, sensitive, scalable, cost- and labor-efficient RT-LAMP diagnostics. As RT-LAMP-based testing requires advanced, but non-specialized laboratory equipment, it is independent of potentially limiting clinical diagnostics supply chains.One-sentence summaryA blueprint for scalable RT-LAMP test capacity for the sensitive detection of viral genomes demonstrated by SARS-CoV-2 surveillance testing.
Causal linkage of tobacco smoking with ageing traits: a Mendelian randomization analysis towards telomere attrition and frailty
Authors: Park Sehoon , Kim Seong Geun , Lee Soojin , Kim Yaerim , Cho Semin , Kim Kwangsoo , Kim Yong Chul , Han Seung Seok , Lee Hajeong , Lee Jung Pyo , Joo Kwon Wook , Lim Chun Soo , Kim Yon Su , Kim Dong Ki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAgeing traits and frailty are important health issues in modern medicine. Evidence supporting the causal effects from tobacco smoking on various ageing traits is warranted.MethodsThis Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis instrumented 377 genetic variants associated with being an ever smoker in a genome-wide significant level to test the causal estimates from tobacco smoking. The outcome data included 337,318 white British ancestry UK Biobank participants. Leukocyte telomere length, appendicular lean mass index, subjective walking pace, handgrip strength, and wristband accelerometry determined physical activity degree were collected as ageing related outcomes. Summary-level MR by inverse variance weighted method and pleiotropy-robust MR methods, including weighted median and MR–Egger, was performed.ResultsSummary-level MR analysis indicated that higher genetic predisposition for tobacco smoking was significantly associated with shorter leukocyte telomere length [2-fold prevalence increase in smoking towards standardized Z-score, -0.041 (-0.054, -0.028)], lower appendicular lean mass index [-0.007 (-0.010, -0.005)], slower walking pace [ordinal category, -0.047 (-0.054, -0.033)], and lower time spent on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [hours per week, -0.39 (-0.56, -0.23). The causal estimates were nonsignificant towards handgrip strength phenotype [kg, 0.074 (-0.055, 0.204)]. Pleiotropy-robust MR results generally supported the main causal estimates.ConclusionGenetically predicted tobacco smoking is significantly associated with worse ageing phenotypes. Healthcare providers may continue to reduce tobacco use which may be helpful to reduce the burden related to ageing and frailty.
Impact of temporary storage conditions on the viability of Streptococcus pneumoniae in saliva
Authors: Allicock Orchid M. , York Anna , Waghela Pari , Yolda-Carr Devyn , Weinberger Daniel M. , Wyllie Anne L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNasopharyngeal swabs are considered the gold standard sample type for the detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage, but recent studies have demonstrated the utility of saliva in improving carriage detection in adults. Saliva is generally collected in its raw, unsupplemented state, unlike nasopharyngeal swabs, which are collected into stabilizing transport media. Little data exist regarding the stability of pneumococcus in unsupplemented saliva during transport and laboratory storage. We therefore evaluated the effect of storage conditions on the detection of pneumococcus in saliva samples using strains representing eight pneumococcal serotypes. The bacteria were spiked into raw saliva from asymptomatic individuals, and we assessed sample viability after storage for up to 72 hours at 4°C and room temperature as well as following three freeze-thaw cycles. We observed little decrease in pneumococcal detection following culture-enrichment and qPCR detection of genes piaB and lytA when compared to testing fresh samples, indicating prolonged viability of pneumococcus in neat saliva samples. This study provides insight into the effect of storage of saliva samples in the laboratory, and the utilization of saliva for pneumococcal carriage detection which can be particularly useful for studies conducted in remote or low resource settings.
Telemedicine Use Among People with HIV in 2021: The Hybrid-Care Environment
Authors: El-Nahal Walid G. , Chander Geetanjali , Jones Joyce L. , Fojo Anthony T. , Keruly Jeanne C. , Manabe Yukari C. , Moore Richard D. , Gebo Kelly A. , Lesko Catherine R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundTelemedicine use for the care of people with HIV (PWH) was widely expanded during the COVID-19 pandemic. During 2021, as on-site care was re-introduced, care was delivered through a mixture of in-person and telemedicine. We studied how different patient populations used telemedicine in this hybrid-care environment.MethodsUsing observational data from patients enrolled in the Johns Hopkins HIV Clinical Cohort, we analyzed all in-person and telemedicine HIV primary care visits completed in an HIV clinic from January 1st, 2021 to December 30th, 2021. We used log-binomial regression models to investigate the association between patient characteristics and the probability of completing a telemedicine versus in-person visit. A secondary analysis of telemedicine visits investigated the probably of completing a video versus telephone visit.ResultsA total of 5,518 visits were completed by 1,884 patients; 4,282 (77.6%) visits were in-person, 800 (14.5%) by phone, and 436 (7.9%) by video. The relative risk (RR) of completing telemedicine vs. in-person visits was 0.65 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.47, 0.91) for patients age 65+ vs. age 20-39; 0.84 (95% CI: 0.72, 0.98) for males vs. females; 0.81 (95% CI: 0.66, 0.99) for Black vs. white patients; 0.62 (95% CI: 0.49, 0.79) for patients in the highest vs. lowest quartile of Area Deprivation Index; and 1.52 (95% CI: 1.26, 1.84) for patients >15 miles vs. <5 miles from clinic.ConclusionsIn the second year of the pandemic, overall in-person care was utilized more than telemedicine, and significant differences persist across subgroups in telemedicine uptake.
Seq-ing the SINEs of Central Nervous System Tumors in Cerebrospinal Fluid DNA
Authors: Douville Christopher , Curtis Samuel , Summers Mahmoud , Azad Tej D. , Rincon-Torroella Jordina , Avigdor Bracha , Dudley Jonathan , Materi Joshua , Raj Divyaansh , Nair Sumil , Bhanja Debarati , Touhy Kyle , Dobbyn Lisa , Popoli Maria , Ptak Janine , Nehme Nadine , Silliman Natalie , Blair Cherie , Judge Kathy , Gallia Gary L. , Groves Mari , Jackson Christopher M. , Jackson Eric M. , Laterra John , Lim Michael , Mukherjee Debraj , Weingart Jon , Naidoo Jarushka , Koschmann Carl , Smith Natalya , Schreck Karisa C. , Pardo Carlos A. , Glantz Michael , Holdhoff Matthias , Kinzler Kenneth W. , Papadopoulos Nickolas , Vogelstein Bert , Bettegowda Chetan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLesions within the brain cavity pose critical challenges for diagnostics, particularly distinction between cancerous and non-cancerous lesions. We here introduce an analytic technique called Real-CSF to detect cancers of the central nervous system from evaluation of DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) from throughout the genome are PCR-amplified with a single primer pair and the PCR products are evaluated by next generation sequencing. Real-CSF uses machine learning to assess three features from the sequencing data – gains or losses of 39 chromosome arms, focal amplifications, and somatic nucleotide variants. Real-CSF was applied to 282 CSF samples and correctly classified 71 % of 187 cancers and misclassified only 4.2% of 95 non-neoplastic lesions in the brain.