bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flood inundation mapping in data‐scarce areas: A case of Mbire District, Zimbabwe
Authors: Manyangadze Tawanda , Mavhura Emmanuel , Mudavanhu Chipo , Pedzisai Ezra 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFloods are one of the most devastating weather‐related hazards that are affecting millions of people over the world every year. In some poor resource areas such as Mbire District in Zimbabwe, the floods are difficult to anticipate and prepare for. Hence the need for spatial modelling of the past flood events for effective response and management. This study modelled the flood extent and depth based on data from household surveys, transect walks and a digital elevation model (DEM). A sample of 304 households was used, with 70% for calibration and 30% for validation of the flood extent. Twenty‐four flood depth measurements obtained from transect walks were used to validate the modelled flood depths based on a linear regression model. The flood depth of the worst most recent flood (January 2015) at each household was combined with altitude from the DEM using the sum function, and the inverse distance weighting was applied to model the worst flood depth. The flood extent was considered as those areas where flood depth was higher than the DEM. Approximately 24% of the area was covered by floods. The modelled flood extent agreed reasonably well with what was reported during the survey (probability of detection 0.93 and accuracy level about 0.8). Most of the areas in the wards experienced flood depths greater than 2 m, especially along the major rivers. Such areas are dangerous for people, animals and properties such as boreholes, houses, schools and clinics located on the floodplain. These results can be used for planning purposes in preparing and responding to stages of the flood management cycle. However, there is a need for further research to improve the performance and applicability of the methodology applied in this study in other settings.
Increased child‐evoked activation in the precuneus during facial affect recognition in mothers
Authors: Plank Irene Sophia , Hindi Attar Catherine , Kunas Stefanie Lydia , Bermpohl Felix , Dziobek Isabel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSuccessful parenting requires constant inferring of affective states. Especially vital is the correct identification of facial affect. Previous studies have shown that infant faces are processed preferentially compared to adult faces both on the behavioural and the neural level. This study specifically investigates the child‐evoked neural responses to affective faces and their modulation by motherhood and attention to affect. To do so, we used a paradigm to measure neural responses during both explicit and implicit facial affect recognition (FAR) in mothers and non‐mothers using child and adult faces. Increased activation to child compared to adult faces was found for mothers and non‐mothers in face processing areas (bilateral fusiform gyri) and areas associated with social understanding (bilateral insulae and medial superior frontal gyrus) when pooling implicit and explicit affect recognition. Furthermore, this child‐evoked activation was modulated by motherhood with an increase in mothers compared to non‐mothers in the left precuneus. Additionally, explicitly recognising the affect increased child‐evoked activation in the medial superior frontal gyrus in both mothers and non‐mothers. These results suggest preferential treatment of affective child over adult faces, modulated by motherhood and attention to affect.
The macro‐level effect of religiosity on health
Authors: Herzer Dierk 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn issue that has not yet been explored in the religiosity‐health literature is the macro‐level effect of religiosity on health—the effect of the religiosity of a society on the absolute health of the population of that society as a whole. We address this issue using two panel datasets: The first is a time‐series cross‐sectional panel dataset for 17 countries from 1925 to 2000. The second is a cross‐sectionally dominated panel dataset of up to 92 countries for the period 1981–2016. Our main findings are as follows: first, religiosity has a significant negative causal effect on health at the macro level; second, a substantial part of this effect can be attributed to an indirect effect via public health expenditures; and third, changes in population health do not cause significant changes in societal religiosity.
High‐resolution snow depth prediction using Random Forest algorithm with topographic parameters: A case study in the Greiner watershed, Nunavut
Authors: Meloche Julien , Langlois Alexandre , Rutter Nick , McLennan Donald , Royer Alain , Billecocq Paul , Ponomarenko Serguei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIncreased surface temperatures (0.7°C per decade) in the Arctic affects polar ecosystems by reducing the extent and duration of annual snow cover. Monitoring of these important ecosystems needs detailed information on snow cover properties at resolutions (<100 m) that influence ecological habitats and permafrost thaw. A machine learning method using topographic parameters with the Random Forest (RF) algorithm previously developed in alpine environments was applied over an arctic landscape for the first time. The topographic parameters used in the RF algorithm were Topographic Position Index (TPI) and up‐wind slope index (Sx), which were estimated from the freely available Arctic DEM at 2 m resolution. Addition of an ecotype parameter (proxy for vegetation height) showed minimal predictive improvement. Using RF, snow depth distributions were predicted from topographic parameters with a root mean square error = 8 cm (23%) (R2 = 0.79) at 10 m resolution for an arctic watershed (1500 km2) in western Nunavut, Canada.
Stable isotopic variations (δD and δ18O) in a mountainous river with rapidly changing altitude: Insight into the hydrological processes and rainout in the basin
Authors: Das Satyabrata , Rai Santosh K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHydrological processes play an important role in stable isotopic compositional variations of the river water. The present study includes spatial distributions of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes (δD and δ18O) of a Himalayan River (the Teesta) to trace various hydrological processes and their associated roles on isotopic fractionation of river water. The δ18O compositions of the water samples varies between −12.2‰ and −5.4‰ (mean: −8.01‰ ± 1.81‰) and that of δD between −95.1‰ and −38.5‰ (mean: −57.6‰ ± 15.6‰). The observed compositional variation in δ18O, δD and d values of river water is mainly governed through snowmelt input, evaporation, and recycled moisture contribution. The variation of δ18O and δD values point towards an early melting of snow in the basin and a significant contribution of snowmelt to the river water. The orographic induced precipitation front appears to control the hydrological regimes in a distinct manner as reflected in the trend between d values and elevation. The rain shadow affected northern reaches of the basin are characterized with dry & arid climate triggering evaporation whereas, the windward southern side witness temperature influenced evaporation. The study suggests that the differential degree of recycled moisture contribution to the local precipitation is also a key component in bringing the stable isotopic variation in the river water. This varied magnitude of moisture recycling could result from uneven distribution of evapotranspiration and surface water evaporation. Results found that a rapid change in the altitude of a river basin can give rise to different hydrometeorological conditions, thereby resulting in simultaneous operation of almost all the major hydrological processes and a complex isotopic compositional variation in the river water. Also, the rainout percentage in the Teesta basin is found to be higher owing to this rapid rate of elevation increase.
Epidural analgesia in labor: A narrative review
Authors: Halliday Lucy , Nelson Scott M. , Kearns Rachel J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLumbar epidural is the most effective form of pain relief in labor with around 30% of laboring women in the UK and 60% in the USA receiving epidural analgesia. Associations of epidural on maternal, obstetric, and neonatal outcomes have been the subject of intense study, though a number of uncertainties persist. The present narrative review explores important areas of research surrounding epidural analgesia in obstetric patients including methods of initiation and administration, choice of local anesthetic solution, and the addition of adjuvants. Key meta‐analyses exploring associations of epidural analgesia on maternal and neonatal outcomes are identified and summarized.
Every Second Matters ‐ uterine balloon tamponade implementation across ten medical colleges in Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh in India: A qualitative study
Authors: Posever Natalie , Sipahi Sevgi , Shivkumar Poonam Varma , Burke Thomas F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo understand facilitators, barriers, and perceptions of the Every Second Matters uterine balloon tamponade (ESM‐UBT) package implemented across 10 medical colleges in India, 3 years after the program was introduced.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted until thematic saturation in March 2020. Multiple provider cadres, including nurses, Obstetrics/Gynecology residents, professors, and program leads, were eligible. Interviews were transcribed and thematically coded using an inductive method.ResultsSixty‐two obstetric providers were interviewed. Facilitators of implementation included recurrent training, improved teamwork and communication, strong program leadership, and involvement of lower‐level facilities. Barriers to implementation included administrative hurdles, high staff turnover, language barriers, and resources required to reach and train lower‐level facilities. Overall, the majority of clinicians viewed the ESM‐UBT package as a useful intervention in aiding efforts to reduce maternal deaths from postpartum hemorrhage.ConclusionsAmong 10 medical colleges in India the ESM‐UBT package is seen as a beneficial intervention for managing refractory atonic postpartum hemorrhage, and for reducing maternal morbidity and mortality. Identified facilitators of and barriers to implementation of the ESM‐UBT package in India should be used to guide future implementation efforts.
Genetic anticipation of breast cancer among BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers: A retrospective study
Authors: Kedmi Aviya , Kadouri Luna , Sagy Iftach , Hamburger Tamar , Levin Gabriel , Zimhony‐Nissim Noa , Peretz Tamar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo study the anticipation phenomenon among hereditary breast cancer patients, by evaluating trends in age at diagnosis and phenotype of breast cancer across two successive generation pairs of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers/non‐carriers with breast cancer after reports of an earlier age of diagnosis in successive generations among BRCA1/2 mutation carrier families.MethodA retrospective cohort study. Patient characteristics, pathologic data and survival were compared between mothers and daughters and between carriers and non‐carriers.ResultsOverall, 126 patients were found, who formed 67 pairs of mothers and daughters diagnosed with breast cancer and genetically tested for BRCA mutations. Age at diagnosis was significantly younger in the daughter versus mother generation, in both groups of BRCA carriers/non‐carriers. Tumor characteristics were not different between mothers and daughters. Survival analysis revealed a not significant better outcome for the daughter generation versus the mother generation.ConclusionsBreast cancer appeared to be diagnosed at an earlier age in successive generations among BRCA mutation carriers and non‐carriers. The fact that we also observed a downshift at age of diagnosis in non‐carrier pairs emphasizes that other factors (environmental, lifestyle, or social) may influence the age at diagnosis.
Suppression of Sost/Sclerostin and Dickkopf-1 Augment Intervertebral Disc Structure in Mice
Authors: Kroon Tori , Bhadouria Neharika , Niziolek Paul , Edwards Daniel , Choi Roy , Clinkenbeard Erica L , Robling Alexander , Holguin Nilsson 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a leading cause of low back pain, characterized by accelerated extracellular matrix breakdown and IVD height loss, but there is no approved pharmacological therapeutic. Deletion of Wnt ligand competitor Lrp5 induces IVD degeneration, suggesting that Wnt signaling is essential for IVD homeostasis. Therefore, the IVD may respond to neutralization of Wnt ligand competitors sost(gene)/sclerostin(protein) and/or dickkopf-1 (dkk1). Anti-sclerostin antibody (scl-Ab) is an FDA-approved bone therapeutic that activates Wnt signaling. We aimed to (i) determine if pharmacological neutralization of sclerostin, dkk1, or their combination would stimulate Wnt signaling and augment IVD structure and (ii) determine the prolonged adaptation of the IVD to global, persistent deletion of sost. Nine-week-old C57Bl/6J female mice (n = 6–7/group) were subcutaneously injected 2×/week for 5.5 weeks with scl-Ab (25 mg/kg), dkk1-Ab (25 mg/kg), 3:1 scl-Ab/dkk1-Ab (18.75:6.25 mg/kg), or vehicle (veh). Separately, IVD of sost KO and wild-type (WT) mice (n = 8/group) were harvested at 16 weeks of age. First, compared with vehicle, injection of scl-Ab, dkk1-Ab, and 3:1 scl-Ab/dkk1-Ab similarly increased lumbar IVD height and β-catenin gene expression. Despite these similarities, only injection of scl-Ab alone strengthened IVD mechanical properties and decreased heat shock protein gene expressions. Genetically and compared with WT, sost KO enlarged IVD height, increased proteoglycan staining, and imbibed IVD hydration. Notably, persistent deletion of sost was compensated by upregulation of dkk1, which consequently reduced the cell nuclear fraction for Wnt signaling co-transcription factor β-catenin in the IVD. Lastly, RNA-sequencing pathway analysis confirmed the compensatory suppression of Wnt signaling and revealed a reduction of cellular stress-related pathways. Together, suppression of sost/sclerostin or dkk1 each augmented IVD structure by stimulating Wnt signaling, but scl-Ab outperformed dkk1-Ab in strengthening the IVD. Ultimately, postmenopausal women prescribed scl-Ab injections to prevent vertebral fracture may also benefit from a restoration of IVD height and health. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Abstract
Suppression of Wnt signaling inhibitors by genetic or pharmacological approaches promoted intervertebral disc structure, strength, and hydration. However, persistent activation of Wnt signaling induced a compensatory upregulation of other Wnt signaling inhibitors that shifted IVD cells toward a mature NP cell phenotype. AF = annulus fibrosus; NC = notochordal cell; NP = nucleus pulposus; PG = proteoglycan.
Bonding situation in isolable silver(I) carbonyl complexes of the Scorpionates
Authors: Fernández Israel , Noonikara‐Poyil Anurag , Dias H. V. Rasika 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe bonding situation of Ag(I)CO complexes having a Scorpionate ligand directly attached to the transition metal has been analyzed in detail by means of relativistic density functional theory calculations. To this end, different experimentally characterized complexes together with other representative species have been considered to rationalize the observed shift of the corresponding ν(CO) stretching frequencies and the influence of the substituents in the Scorpionate ligand. With the help of the energy decomposition analysis method combined with the natural orbital for chemical valence it is found that the main contribution to the bonding comes from the electrostatic attractions between the LAg(I) and CO fragments. Despite that, the LAg → CO π‐backdonation is also significant in these species as well as in related LCu(I)CO complexes.
Oxovanadium(V) catalysts for the CO2 fixation into cyclic carbonates under ambient pressure
Authors: Chen Tsung‐Yu , Liu Chia‐Hao , Tsai Ming‐Li 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDeveloping feasible strategies to utilize CO2 as a C1 synthon for constructing various valued‐added chemical feedstock is crucial for alleviating the global warning and achieving a carbon‐neutral cycle. The coupling between epoxide and carbon dioxide is a promising direction due to the large driving force for the formation of thermodynamically stable cyclic carbonate and its 100% atom‐economy efficiency. Despite numerous metal‐based complexes that have been reported to facilitate this coupling reaction catalytically, harsh conditions (high temperature and pressure) are usually required. In this study, the synthesis and structural/spectroscopic characterizations of oxovanadium(V) complexes 2a–2f chelated with one‐step synthesized hydrazone‐imidate ligands were reported. The catalytic performance of the synthesized oxovanadium(V) complexes regarding the coupling reaction between epoxide and CO2 was successfully demonstrated with only 0.5 mol% loading of both oxovanadium(V) catalyst and [NBu4][Br] at 80°C under 1 bar of CO2. The substrate scope containing both terminal epoxide derivative and internal epoxide derivative indicates that the oxovanadium(V) catalysts could exert efficient catalytic coupling reaction of terminal epoxide (63 ~ 85% conversion rates) under ambient pressure of CO2.
Gut microbes and muscle function: can probiotics make our muscles stronger?
Authors: Giron Muriel , Thomas Muriel , Dardevet Dominique , Chassard Christophe , Savary‐Auzeloux Isabelle 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEvidence suggests that gut microbiota composition and diversity can be a determinant of skeletal muscle metabolism and functionality. This is true in catabolic (sarcopenia and cachexia) or anabolic (exercise or in athletes) situations. As gut microbiota is known to be causal in the development and worsening of metabolic dysregulation phenotypes such as obesity or insulin resistance, it can regulate, at least partially, skeletal muscle mass and function. Skeletal muscles are physiologically far from the gut. Signals generated by the gut due to its interaction with the gut microbiome (microbial metabolites, gut peptides, lipopolysaccharides, and interleukins) constitute links between gut microbiota activity and skeletal muscle and regulate muscle functionality via modulation of systemic/tissue inflammation as well as insulin sensitivity. The probiotics able to limit sarcopenia and cachexia or promote health performances in rodents are mainly lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. In humans, the same bacteria have been tested, but the scarcity of the studies, the variability of the populations, and the difficulty to measure accurately and with high reproducibility muscle mass and function have not allowed to highlight specific strains able to optimize muscle mass and function. Further studies are required on more defined population, in order to design personalized nutrition. For elderly, testing the efficiency of probiotics according to the degree of frailty, nutritional state, or degree of sarcopenia before supplementation is essential. For exercise, selection of probiotics capable to be efficient in recreational and/or elite athletes, resistance, and/or endurance exercise would also require further attention. Ultimately, a combination of strategies capable to optimize muscle functionality, including bacteria (new microbes, bacterial ecosystems, or mix, more prone to colonize a specific gut ecosystem) associated with prebiotics and other ‘traditional’ supplements known to stimulate muscle anabolism (e.g. proteins), could be the best way to preserve muscle functionality in healthy individuals at all ages or patients.
Radiofrequency ablation of parathyroid adenomas causing primary hyperparathyroidism: A report of 27 patients
Authors: Ebrahiminik Hojat , Chegeni Hossein , Mosadegh Khah Ali , Salouti Rambod , Ghomashchi Ghazal , Deldar Pasikhani Maryam , Heydari Iraj , Shamsi Khosro , Beiranvand Behrouz , Azimi Aval Mohammad Reza , Mohammadi Afshin , Mirza‐Aghazadeh‐Attari Mohammad , Fadaee Narges 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeTo study treatment outcome of parathyroid adenomas using ultrasound‐guided radiofrequency ablation.MethodsTwenty‐seven patients with a single adenoma of the parathyroid gland were included in the study. Using color Doppler ultrasonography, the lesion and its characteristics were determined, and dextrose was injected to dissect the gland from the surrounding structures. The ablation process was done with 6–12 watts of power.ResultsNo complications were seen in any of the subjects. A significant reduction was seen in serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium levels after treatment. PTH levels showed a median decrease of 13.8%, and a median decrease of 8.2% was seen in serum calcium levels (p < 0.001). Phosphorus levels did not change significantly after treatment. In 1‐month follow‐up of patients, the lesion size had decreased considerably. In long‐term follow‐up, 11 of 20 patients having subsequent imaging had indistinguishable lesions.ConclusionOur results showed that RFA of parathyroid adenomas caused a significant reduction in biomedical indicators of disease and resulted in a significant reduction or disappearance of the lesion in the majority of the patients while having no considerable complications.
Multiparametric Framework Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Subtypes of Intracranial Germ Cell Tumors Using Susceptibility Weighted Imaging, Diffusion‐Weighted Imaging, and Dynamic Susceptibility‐Contrast Perfusion‐Weighted Imaging Combined With Conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Li Yanong , Wang Peng , Zhang Jing , Li Jane , Chen Li , Qiu Xiaoguang 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundIntracranial germ cell tumors (iGCTs) are classified into two pathological subtypes (germinomas [GEs] and nongerminomatous germ cell tumors [NGGCTs]), with distinct treatment strategy and prognosis. Accurate preoperative determination of iGCT subtypes is essential to guide clinical decision‐making and prognosis assessment.PurposeTo investigate the diagnostic value of diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI), and dynamic susceptibility‐contrast perfusion‐weighted imaging (DSC‐PWI) combined with conventional magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) in finding subtypes of iGCTs.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationA total of 40 patients (45% male and 55% female) with iGCTs.Field Strength/SequenceA 3 T; <T1WI, T2WI, T1WI + C, DWI, SWI, DSC‐PWI>.AssessmentThe parameters of DWI and DSC‐PWI were calculated based on extracted parameters of multiparametric MRIs. The characteristics of SWI and cMRI were also compared in GEs and NGGCTs.Statistical TestsThe diagnostic efficacy of the minimum apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCmin), time‐to‐peak (TTP), relative mean transit time (rMTT), relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF), relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) maps, and cMRI features in iGCT classification was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, AUC, and Youden index of the hybrid MR evaluation methods. A prospective cohort (five GEs and five NGGCTs) was designed as a simulation set to test the model. The significance threshold was set at P < 0.01.ResultsThe ADCmin (1039.100 ± 453.830 vs. 1400.050 ± 394.650), rCBF values (20.650 ± 6.260 vs. 51.170 ± 6.570), and TTP values (24.450 ± 3.160 vs. 28.950 ± 5.120) were significantly lower in GEs than in NGGCTs. The combination of ADCmin, DSC‐PWI, and cMRI showed the heights AUC (AUC = 0.962). The iGCT multiparametric framework showed the AUC was 0.958 in the simulation set.Data ConclusionThe iCGT multiparametric framework might be an effective diagnostic approach of iGCT subtype. The application of cMRI (T1WI, T2WI, and Gd‐T1WI) with advanced imaging modalities (DWI, SWI, and PWI) had the best performance for classifying iGCT subtypes.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 2