bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low molecular weight heparin is associated with better outcomes than unfractionated heparin for thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a meta-analysis
Authors: Alsagaff Mochamad Yusuf , Mulia Eka Prasetya Budi , Maghfirah Irma , Azmi Yusuf , Rachmi Dita Aulia , Yutha Alqi , Andira Luqman Hakim , Semedi Bambang Pujo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
This study aimed to compare the outcomes of the administration of LMWH and UFH in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Methods and results
We systematically searched several databases and included observational studies or clinical trials that compared the outcomes of the administration of LMWH and UFH in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. A total of nine studies comprising 9637 patients were included. Metanalysis showed that LMWH administration was associated with a lower in-hospital mortality and 28/30-day mortality compared with UFH administration {[relative risk (RR) 0.44; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.32–0.61; I2: 87.9%] and (RR 0.45; 95% CI 0.24–0.86; I2: 78.4%), respectively}. Patient with LMWH had shorter duration of hospital and ICU length of stay compared with UFH {[weighted mean difference (WMD) −2.20; 95% CI −3.01 to −1.40; I2:0%] and (WMD −1.41; 95% CI −2.20 to −0.63; I2: 0%), respectively}. The risk of ICU admission or mechanical ventilation was lower in patients who received LMWH than in those who received UFH (RR 0.67; 95% CI 0.55–0.81; I2: 67.3%). However, there was no difference in the incidence of bleeding with LMWH compared with UFH (RR 0.27; 95% CI 0.07–1.01; I2: 64.6%).

Conclusion
Our meta-analysis showed that administration of LMWH was associated with better outcomes compared with UFH in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Prospective cohorts and RCTs are urgently needed to explore the definitive effect of LMWH to provide direct high-certainty evidence.
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021271977
Robust W-GAN-based estimation under Wasserstein contamination
Authors: Liu Zheng , Loh Po-Ling 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Robust estimation is an important problem in statistics which aims at providing a reasonable estimator when the data-generating distribution lies within an appropriately defined ball around an uncontaminated distribution. Although minimax rates of estimation have been established in recent years, many existing robust estimators with provably optimal convergence rates are also computationally intractable. In this paper, we study several estimation problems under a Wasserstein contamination model and present computationally tractable estimators motivated by generative adversarial networks (GANs). Specifically, we analyze the properties of Wasserstein GAN-based estimators for location estimation, covariance matrix estimation and linear regression and show that our proposed estimators are minimax optimal in many scenarios. Finally, we present numerical results which demonstrate the effectiveness of our estimators.
SARS-CoV-2 Evolution and Patient Immunological History Shape the Breadth and Potency of Antibody-Mediated Immunity
Authors: Manali Maria , Bissett Laura A , Amat Julien A R , Logan Nicola , Scott Sam , Hughes Ellen C , Harvey William T , Orton Richard , Thomson Emma C , Gunson Rory N , Viana Mafalda , Willett Brian , Murcia Pablo R 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), humans have been exposed to distinct SARS-CoV-2 antigens, either by infection with different variants, and/or vaccination. Population immunity is thus highly heterogeneous, but the impact of such heterogeneity on the effectiveness and breadth of the antibody-mediated response is unclear. We measured antibody-mediated neutralization responses against SARS-CoV-2Wuhan, SARS-CoV-2α, SARS-CoV-2δ, and SARS-CoV-2ο pseudoviruses using sera from patients with distinct immunological histories, including naive, vaccinated, infected with SARS-CoV-2Wuhan, SARS-CoV-2α, or SARS-CoV-2δ, and vaccinated/infected individuals. We show that the breadth and potency of the antibody-mediated response is influenced by the number, the variant, and the nature (infection or vaccination) of exposures, and that individuals with mixed immunity acquired by vaccination and natural exposure exhibit the broadest and most potent responses. Our results suggest that the interplay between host immunity and SARS-CoV-2 evolution will shape the antigenicity and subsequent transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2, with important implications for future vaccine design.
Hyperimmune Globulin for Severely Immunocompromised Patients Hospitalized With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Huygens Sammy , Hofsink Quincy , Nijhof Inger S , Goorhuis Abraham , Kater Arnon P , te Boekhorst Peter A W , Swaneveld Francis , Novotný Věra M J , Bogers Susanne , Welkers Matthijs R A , Papageorgiou Grigorios , Rijnders Bart J , Heijmans Jarom 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
The aim of this randomized, controlled trial is to determine whether antisevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 hyperimmune globulin (COVIG) protects against severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in severely immunocompromised, hospitalized, COVID-19 patients.

Methods
Patients were randomly assigned to receive COVIG or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) without SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.

Results
Severe COVID-19 was observed in 2 of 10 (20%) patients treated with COVIG compared to 7 of 8 (88%) in the IVIG control group (P = .015, Fisher’s exact test).

Conclusions
Antisevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 hyperimmune globulin may be a valuable treatment in severely immunocompromised, hospitalized, COVID-19 patients and should be considered when no monoclonal antibody therapies are available.
In with the old, in with the new: machine learning for time to event biomedical research
Authors: Danciu Ioana , Agasthya Greeshma , Tate Janet P , Chandra-Shekar Mayanka , Goethert Ian , Ovchinnikova Olga S , McMahon Benjamin H , Justice Amy C 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The predictive modeling literature for biomedical applications is dominated by biostatistical methods for survival analysis, and more recently some out of the box machine learning approaches. In this article, we show a presentation of a machine learning method appropriate for time-to-event modeling in the area of prostate cancer long-term disease progression. Using XGBoost adapted to long-term disease progression, we developed a predictive model for 118 788 patients with localized prostate cancer at diagnosis from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). Our model accounted for patient censoring. Harrell’s c-index for our model using only features available at the time of diagnosis was 0.757 95% confidence interval [0.756, 0.757]. Our results show that machine learning methods like XGBoost can be adapted to use accelerated failure time (AFT) with censoring to model long-term risk of disease progression. The long median survival justifies and requires censoring. Overall, we show that an existing machine learning approach can be used for AFT outcome modeling in prostate cancer, and more generally for other chronic diseases with long observation times.
Overdose of the HIV Medicine Genvoya® in Two Auto-Intoxications
Authors: Gys Celine , Mortelé Olivier , van Rafelghem Babette , Berry Eleanor , van Nuijs Alexander L N , Lambert Willy , Jacobs Werner , Schouwers Sofie , Meskal Anissa , Van Hemeldonck Ellen , Heytens Luc , Neels Hugo , Covaci Adrian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractToxicological data on overdose with human immunodeficiency virus inhibitors are scarce. We present a case report of two independent suicide attempts by self-administered overdose with the same antiretroviral medicine Genvoya® (emtricitabine/elvitegravir/tenofovir alafenamide/cobicistat). Both patients were admitted to the hospital and presented with a loss of consciousness, lactic acidosis, elevated hepatic transaminase levels and hemodynamic instability. While one patient survived with advanced supportive measures, the other passed away. Emtricitabine levels were measured in vivo in various consecutive serum samples and postmortem urine, peripheral and cardiac serum samples and confirmed excessive use in both cases. This is the first time that emtricitabine levels following overdose are reported. Although measured concentrations for emtricitabine were quite similar in these cases, metabolic acidosis was more pronounced in the fatal case. The difference in outcomes between the two could be due to a difference in physiological status, susceptibility to accumulation and adverse effects, and perhaps a varying interval between ingestion and the start of supportive measures.
Advanced orthogonal learning and Gaussian barebone hunger games for engineering design
Authors: Zhou Xinsen , Gui Wenyong , Heidari Ali Asghar , Cai Zhennao , Elmannai Hela , Hamdi Monia , Liang Guoxi , Chen Huiling 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe hunger games search (HGS) algorithm is a recently proposed population-based optimization algorithm that mimics a common phenomenon of animals searching for food due to hunger stimuli and has a simple and easy-to- understand structure. However, the original HGS still suffers from shortcomings, such as low population diversity and the tendency to fall into local optima. To remedy these shortcomings, an improved HGS, called OCBHGS, is proposed, which introduces three main strategies, namely the chaotic initialization strategy, the Gaussian barebone mechanism, and the orthogonal learning strategy. Firstly, chaotic mapping is used for initialization to improve the quality of the initialized population. Secondly, the embedding of the Gaussian barebone mechanism effectively improves the diversity of the population, facilitates the communication between members, and helps the population avoid falling into local optima. Finally, the orthogonal learning strategy can extend the domain exploration and improve the solution accuracy of the algorithm. We conducted extensive experiments in the CEC2014 competition benchmark function, comparing OCBHGS with nine other metaheuristics and 12 improved algorithms. Also, the experimental results were evaluated using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests to analyze the experimental results comprehensively. In addition, OCBHGS was used to solve three constrained real-world engineering problems. The experimental results show that OCBHGS has a significant advantage in convergence speed and accuracy. As a result, OCBHGS ranks first in overall performance compared to other optimizers.
Assessing genomic and ecological differentiation among subspecies of the rough-footed mud turtle,Kinosternon hirtipes
Authors: Weaver Sam , McGaugh Suzanne E , Kono Thomas J Y , Macip-Rios Rodrigo , Gluesenkamp Andrew G 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCombining genetic and ecological measures of differentiation can provide compelling evidence for ecological and genetic divergence among lineages. The rough-footed mud turtle, Kinosternon hirtipes, is distributed from the Trans-Pecos region of Texas to the highlands of Central Mexico and contains 6 described subspecies, 5 of which are extant. We use ddRAD sequencing and species distribution models to assess levels of ecological and genetic differentiation among these subspecies. We also predict changes in climatically suitable habitat under different climate change scenarios and assess levels of genetic diversity and inbreeding within each lineage. Our results show that there is strong genetic and ecological differentiation among multiple lineages within K. hirtipes, and that this differentiation appears to be the result of vicariance associated with the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. We propose changes to subspecies designations to more accurately reflect the evolutionary relationships among populations and assess threats to each subspecies.
Political Agency and Implementation Subsidies with Imperfect Monitoring
Authors: Blumenthal Benjamin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Voters are frequently ill-equipped to monitor politicians’ actions. Politicians are expected to implement projects, whose benefits sometimes partially accrue to interest groups (IGs) and not entirely to voters. IGs thus have an incentive to affect which projects politicians implement by providing implementation subsidies to lower the cost of policymaking that politicians incur. This article shows how these considerations interact in a two-period political agency model with moral hazard and adverse selection. I study how the involvement of IGs in the policymaking process can affect voters’ welfare and show why voters might rationally not perfectly monitor politicians in the presence of IGs that might capture projects’ benefits and affect policymaking.
Field Evaluations of Three Botanically Inspired Repellents Against the Blacklegged Tick,Ixodes scapularis(Acari: Ixodidae)
Authors: Lee Xia , Wong Colin , Coats Joel , Paskewitz Susan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThree compounds synthetically-derived from botanicals sources, ethyl perillyl carbonate, geranyl isovalerate, and citronellyl cyclobutane carboxylate, were tested for repellent activity against Ixodes scapularis Say in a field trial. Tick drags were treated with the compounds or with N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) at high (0.25 mg/cm2) or low (0.16 mg/cm2) concentrations. Negative controls included untreated drags and drags treated with acetone, the carrier for all repellents. Freshly treated drags (within 20 min) were used to collect I. scapularis ticks at a county park in Wisconsin. To assess effectiveness, we measured tick encounter rates, detachment rate, and time to detachment. None of the repellent treatments, including DEET, resulted in significantly fewer encounters compared to both control treatments. However, the percentage of ticks that detached within 3 min was significantly higher on drags treated with repellents compared to controls. DEET was the most effective, repelling 69.7–87% of ticks by 3 min, but the effectiveness of the three test compounds was still high, with 42–87% of ticks detaching by 3 min. For time to detachment, there were no significant differences between DEET and the three test compounds. We conclude that these synthetically-derived repellents were effective against I. scapularis in a field trial and could be viable alternatives to DEET.
Exploration of the origin of the 2020 X-ray outburst in OJ 287
Authors: Huang Shifeng , Hu Shaoming , Yin Hongxing , Chen Xu , Alexeeva Sofya , Jiang Yunguo 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTResearch into OJ 287 has been ongoing for many years. In 2020 April–June, this source underwent the second highest X-ray outburst (second only to the 2016–2017 outburst) and the mechanism of this outburst is still under debate. In this paper, we discuss two scenarios to explore the origin of the outburst: an after-effect of a black hole–disc impact and a tidal disruption event (TDE). We present the weak correlations of the spectral index versus X-ray flux and the hardness ratio (HR) versus the soft X-ray flux during the outburst, and these features are different from the case in the quiescent state. The correlations are compared with those of the 2016–2017 outburst with the highest X-ray flux in monitoring history. Analysis of the outbursts in 2016–2017 and 2020 shows that the expected time of the X-ray outburst, based on the theory of the after-effect of the black hole–disc impact and the estimation of available data, is inconsistent with historical observations. The soft X-ray spectra, the barely temporal evolution of colour, and the evolution of the HR mean that the 2020 outburst shares similar features with the 2016–2017 outburst, which was considered as a possible candidate for a TDE. Additionally, we find that the predictions of full TDEs (t−5/3) and partial TDEs (t−9/4) for the soft X-ray decay light curve are well fitted. Our analysis suggests that the 2020 outburst in OJ 287 is probably related to the TDE candidate.
Galaxies and haloes on graph neural networks: Deep generative modelling scalar and vector quantities for intrinsic alignment
Authors: Jagvaral Yesukhei , Lanusse François , Singh Sukhdeep , Mandelbaum Rachel , Ravanbakhsh Siamak , Campbell Duncan 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
In order to prepare for the upcoming wide-field cosmological surveys, large simulations of the Universe with realistic galaxy populations are required. In particular, the tendency of galaxies to naturally align towards overdensities, an effect called intrinsic alignments (IA), can be a major source of systematics in the weak lensing analysis. As the details of galaxy formation and evolution relevant to IA cannot be simulated in practice on such volumes, we propose as an alternative a Deep Generative Model. This model is trained on the IllustrisTNG-100 simulation and is capable of sampling the orientations of a population of galaxies so as to recover the correct alignments. In our approach, we model the cosmic web as a set of graphs, where the graphs are constructed for each halo, and galaxy orientations as a signal on those graphs. The generative model is implemented on a Generative Adversarial Network architecture and uses specifically designed Graph-Convolutional Networks sensitive to the relative 3D positions of the vertices. Given (sub)halo masses and tidal fields, the model is able to learn and predict scalar features such as galaxy and dark matter subhalo shapes; and more importantly, vector features such as the 3D orientation of the major axis of the ellipsoid and the complex 2D ellipticities. For correlations of 3D orientations the model is in good quantitative agreement with the measured values from the simulation, except for at very small and transition scales. For correlations of 2D ellipticities, the model is in good quantitative agreement with the measured values from the simulation on all scales. Additionally, the model is able to capture the dependence of IA on mass, morphological type, and central/satellite type.
A spectroscopic study of 14 structures behind Holm15A: detecting a galaxy group candidate at z = 0.58
Authors: Ibarra-Medel H 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Holm15A hosts one of the most massive back holes ever known. Hence, it is important to characterize any structure within its core to avoid any wrong association with its central black hole and therefore bias any future study. In this work, we present the first identification and characterization of 14 structures hidden behind the surface brightness of Holm15A. We model and subtract the spectral contribution of Holm15A to obtain the spectral information of these structures. We spectroscopically confirm that the 14 objects found are not associated with Holm15A. 10 objects have a well-defined galaxy spectrum from which we implement a fossil record analysis to reconstruct their past evolution. Nine objects are candidates members to be part of a compact galaxy group at redshift 0.5814. We find past mutual interaction among the group candidates that support the scenario of mutual crossings. Furthermore, the fossil reconstruction of the group candidates brings evidence that at least three different merger trees could assemble the galaxy group. We characterize the properties of the galaxy group from which we estimate a lower limit of the scale and mass of this group. We obtain a scale of &gt;146 ± 3 kpc with a dispersion velocity of 622 ± 300 km s−1. These estimations consider the lensing effects of the gravitational potential of Holm15A. The other five objects were studied individually. We use public archive data of integral field spectroscopic observations from the Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer instrument.
CMB spectral distortions from continuous large energy release
Authors: Acharya Sandeep Kumar , Chluba Jens 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Accurate computations of spectral distortions of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) are required for constraining energy release scenarios at redshifts z ≳ 103. The existing literature focuses on distortions that are small perturbations to the background blackbody spectrum. At high redshifts (z ≳ 106), this assumption can be violated, and the CMB spectrum can be significantly distorted at least during part of its cosmic evolution. In this paper, we carry out accurate thermalization computations, evolving the distorted CMB spectrum in a general, fully non-linear way, consistently accounting for the time-dependence of the injection process, modifications to the Hubble expansion rate and relativistic Compton scattering. Specifically, we study single energy injection and decaying particle scenarios, discussing constraints on these cases. We solve the thermalization problem using two independent numerical approaches that are now available in CosmoTherm as dedicated setups for computing CMB spectral distortions in the large distortion regime. New non-linear effects at low frequencies are furthermore highlighted, showing that these warrant a more rigorous study. This work eliminates one of the long-standing simplifications in CMB spectral distortion computations, which also opens the way to more rigorous treatments of distortions induced by high-energy particle cascade, soft photon injection, and in the vicinity of primordial black holes.
XMM–Newton observations of PSR J0554+3107: pulsing thermal emission from a cooling high-mass neutron star
Authors: Tanashkin A S , Karpova A V , Potekhin A Y , Shibanov Y A , Zyuzin D A 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
XMM–Newton observations of the middle-aged radio-quiet γ-ray pulsar J0554+3107 allowed us, for the first time, firmly identify it in X-rays by detection of pulsations with the pulsar period. In the 0.2–2 keV band, the pulse profile shows two peaks separated by about a half of the rotation phase with the pulsed fraction of 25 ± 6 per cent. The profile and spectrum in this band can be mainly described by thermal emission from the neutron star with the hydrogen atmosphere, dipole magnetic field of ∼1013 G, and non-uniform surface temperature. Non-thermal emission from the pulsar magnetosphere is marginally detected at higher photon energies. The spectral fit with the atmosphere+power-law model implies that J0554+3107 is a rather heavy and cool neutron star with the mass of 1.6–2.1 M⊙, the radius of ≈13 km, and the redshifted effective temperature of ≈50 eV. The spectrum shows an absorption line of unknown nature at ≈350 eV. Given the extinction–distance relation, the pulsar is located at ≈2 kpc and has the redshifted bolometric thermal luminosity of ≈2 × 1032 erg s−1. We discuss cooling scenarios for J0554+3107 considering plausible equations of state of superdense matter inside the star, different compositions of the heat-blanketing envelope, and various ages.