bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological Analysis of Hip Joint of Patients Suffering From Recurrent Patella Dislocation
Authors: Fan Chongyi , Niu Yingzhen , Li Ming , Feng Xunkai , Wang Fei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe purpose was to investigate morphological changes of the hip joint in patients with recurrent dislocation of the patella combined with trochlear dysplasia. There was a retrospective analysis of 148 patients and 150 control subjects. The selection of participants was randomized. Hip and knee data for all participants were obtained from X-ray or computed tomography measurements. Nine values, that is, central edge angle (CEA), acetabulum index angle (AIA), femoral neck-shaft angle, sharp angle, the depth of the acetabulum, femoral anteversion angle (FAA), anterior acetabular section angle (AASA), posterior acetabular section angle (PASA), and sulcus angle, were measured to evaluate differences between the control group and the patient group and analyze the correlation of the sulcus angle in patients to FAA and CEA. Patients with recurrent dislocation of the patella had less acetabular coverage and are more likely to develop developmental dysplasia of the hip than the hips of patients with normal knees. For the patient group, three values, that is, CEA (27.68 ± 5.25 vs. 34.30 ± 3.51 degrees, p < 0.001), AASA (57.14 ± 6.17 vs. 63.08 ± 7.23 degrees, p < 0.001), and PASA (89.53 ± 6.51 vs. 99.63 ± 5.94 degrees, p < 0.001), were decreased. The sharp angle (43.77 ± 3.23 vs. 39.28 ± 3.19 degrees, p < 0.001), AIA (11.52 ± 4.41 vs. 3.73 ± 2.51 degrees, p < 0.001), and FAA (24.68 ± 3.44 vs. 18.49 ± 3.55 degrees, p < 0.001) were increased. The acetabulum became shallower in-depth (7.05 ± 2.18 vs. 10.45 ± 1.61 mm, p < 0.001). There was a weak correlation between the sulcus angle and CEA (r =  − 0.302, p < 0.001) and FAA (r = 0.212, p = 0.022). Recurrent patellar dislocation combined with trochlear dysplasia may be associated with the hip morphology. Developmental disorders of the knee joint, and hip joint should be considered in the treatment of patients with recurrent dislocation of the patella.
Platelet Activation via Glycoprotein VI Initiates Thrombin Generation: A Potential Role for Platelet-Derived Factor IX?
Authors: Li Li , Roest Mark , Meijers Joost C. M. , de Laat Bas , Urbanus Rolf T. , de Groot Philip G. , Huskens Dana 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCollagen triggers coagulation via activation of factor (F) XII. In a platelet-rich environment, collagen can also trigger coagulation independently of FXII. We studied a novel mechanism of coagulation initiation via collagen-dependent platelet activation using thrombin generation (TG) in platelet-rich plasma. Collagen-induced coagulation is minimally affected by active-site inactivated FVIIa, anti-FVII antibodies, or FXIIa inhibition (corn trypsin inhibitor). Activation of platelets via specific glycoprotein (GP) VI agonists initiates TG, FX activation, and fibrin formation. To determine the platelet-derived trigger of coagulation, we systematically reconstituted factor-deficient plasmas with washed platelets. TG triggered by GPVI-activated platelets was significantly affected in FIX- and FVIII-deficient plasma but not in FVII- and FXII-deficient plasma. In a purified system composed of FX and FVIII, we observed that absence of FIX was compensated by GPVI-activated platelets, which could be inhibited by an anti-FIX antibody, suggesting FIXa activity from activated platelets. Furthermore, with the addition of FVIII in FIX-deficient plasma, TG induced by GPVI-activated platelets was restored, and was inhibited by the anti-FIX antibody. In conclusion, GPVI-activated platelets initiate TG, probably via platelet-derived FIXa activity.
Can Integrated Social Protection Programmes Affect Social Cohesion? Mixed-Methods Evidence from Malawi
Authors: Burchi Francesco , Roscioli Federico 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThrough a sequential mixed-methods approach, the paper investigates the effects of the different components of the Tingathe Economic Empowerment Programme (TEEP) on social cohesion in Malawi. The TEEP is an integrated social protection scheme offering to three different groups these services: a lump-sum transfer, a financial/business training connected to the creation of saving groups, and a combination of both. While other studies assessed the impacts of similar programmes on other outcomes, none focussed on social cohesion. The econometric analysis shows no concrete effect of the lump-sum, while both training and participation in savings groups affect within-group trust and cooperation. The qualitative analysis reveals a decline in trust towards local institutions and other village members; however, this was not related to the TEEP but to the social cash transfer (SCT) on whose infrastructure the TEEP rests. Other village members considered unfair that the beneficiaries received the SCT and this caused tensions.
The Effects of Social Protection and Social Cohesion on the Acceptability of Climate Change Mitigation Policies: What Do We (Not) Know in the Context of Low- and Middle-Income Countries?
Authors: Malerba Daniele 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSignificant climate change mitigation policies are urgently needed to achieve emissions reduction targets. This paper shows that social protection and social cohesion play a critical role in making climate policies more acceptable to citizens by summarizing existing streams of research focusing on industrialized countries. Further, the empirical analysis explores whether these relationships also hold for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), which are increasingly implementing climate change mitigation policies. The results show that vertical and horizontal trust increase acceptability in all countries. However, preferences for social protection have a positive effect only in industrialized ones. This may suggest a contrast between social and environmental goals in LMICs, where social goals are prioritized. The analysis also revealed a significant interaction between social cohesion and social protection. The paper concludes by discussing the existing research gap as to LMICs and outlines policy options to overcome the conflict between social and environmental goals.
Transcriptome analysis reveals the main metabolic pathway of c-GMP induced by salt stress in tomato (
Authors: Zhu Xiaolin , Su Meifei , Wang Baoqiang , Wei Xiaohong 
Published: May 2022

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a model crop as well as an important food worldwide. In arid areas, increasing soil salinity has limited higher yields in tomato production. As a second messenger molecule, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (c-GMP) plays an indispensable role in plant response to salt stress by regulating cell processes to promote plant growth and development. However, this mechanism has not been fully explored in tomato seedlings. In this experiment, tomato seeds were cultured in four treatments: (1) distilled water (CK); (2) 20 μM c-GMP (T1); (3) 50 mM NaCl (T2); and (4) 20 μM c-GMP + 50 mM NaCl (T3). The results show that 20 μM c-GMP effectively alleviated the inhibitory effect of 50 mM NaCl on growth and development, and induced the expression of 1580 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Seedlings in the CK vs T1 shared 95 upregulated and 442 downregulated DEGs, whereas T2 vs T3 shared 271 upregulated and 772 downregulated DEGs. Based on KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes) analysis, the majority of DEGs were involved in metabolism; exogenous c-GMP induced significant enrichment of pathways associated with carbohydrates, phenylpropanoids and fatty acid metabolism. Most PMEs, acCoA, PAL, PODs, FADs, and AD were upregulated, and GAPDHs, PL, PG, BXL4, and β-G were downregulated, which reduced susceptibility of tomato seedlings to salt and promoted their salt tolerance. The application of c-GMP increased soluble sugar, flavonoid and lignin contents, reduced accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), and enhanced the activity of peroxidase (POD). Thus, our results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms associated with salt tolerance of tomato seedlings.
Lexical typology of Mandarin Chinese qualitative features
Authors: Kholkina Liliya 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The chapter analyses the quality terms of Mandarin Chinese which belong to the semantic domains of heavy and hard, as well as to the subdomains of surface texture (slippery, smooth, and level). We argue that the evidence from Mandarin Chinese accords with the larger typological picture which has been gleaned from languages that are areally and genetically distant from Chinese. This similarity is firstly observed in the literal meanings, which are discussed below for the subdomains of slippery, smooth, and level. Furthermore, the Mandarin data supports the existence of stable links between literal and figurative meanings. With data from the hard domain, we show that the oppositions between the lexemes’ literal meanings determine the results of their semantic shifts. Next, we examine evidence from the heavy domain to demonstrate that a reverse analysis can be applied to predict differences in literal meanings from the differences in metaphoric uses. The concluding sections of the chapter discuss how lexico-typological data can contribute to Chinese lexicology in general.
Constructing a typological questionnaire with distributional semantic models
Authors: Ryzhova Daria , Paperno Denis 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The paper presents a methodology for automatic construction of lexical typological questionnaires for qualitative semantic domains (e.g. sharp, straight, thick, or smooth). Our algorithm is based on data from a monolingual corpus; it constructs a list of collocations for the corresponding lexemes, computes a vector representation for every collocation, clusters the vector space into semantically homogeneous groups and extracts the three central elements from every cluster. We compare the resulting questionnaires against test data from the semantic domains that are already well studied manually. The algorithm demonstrates high quality results and can be used in the practice of lexical typological research.
Mosquitoes.
Authors: Dhang Partho , Koehler Philip , Pereira Roberto , Dye II Daniel D. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

This book chapter discusses mosquitoes as deadly disease vectors. Biological control is usually implemented for control of larval populations using predators (e.g. top feeding minnows and copepods) or pathogens and pathogen products (i.e., Bacillus thuringiensis israeliensis and B. sphericus). Genetic control is being implemented by releasing sterilized male mosquitoes (genetically modified, radiation sterilised, or transgenic mosquitoes). It starts with minimizing bites through the use of window screens on houses and animal shelters, and the use of treated bed nets and personal repellents. Habitat modification is a reliable method that eliminates adult resting sites and source reduction of larval development areas.
Flies.
Authors: Dhang Partho , Koehler Philip , Pereira Roberto , Dye II Daniel D. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

This book chapter discusses flies. Filth-breeding flies are usually broken down by the pest management industry into large flies and small flies. The most common fly is the house fly, and its larvae develop in farm animal manure and decaying plant material. It is important to understand the conditions where filth-breeding fly larvae develop in order to control them in urban settings. Some of the large flies of importance are the house fly, blow fly and flesh fly. Small flies are sometimes called gnats and develop in places like drains, residues of organic matter and food waste. Other fly larvae, like blow flies and flesh flies, develop in decaying meat, dead animals, and high protein decaying waste. Apart from houseflies, the most important flies to the urban pest management industry are the filth-breeding flies. With livestock and poultry production being concentrated into small areas near urban centers, house flies can develop in manure piles and migrate into residences and commercial establishments. The filth-breeding flies are considered very important disease transmitting flies throughout most parts of the world. The food source for filth-breeding fly larvae is usually decaying plant and animal matter. They pick up disease organisms on their bodies or orally, and then move them to human food by contact with their contaminated bodies or by regurgitation of pathogens. The ability of adult flies to move rapidly from decaying plant and animal materials make them important mechanical disease vectors. The important pathogens mechanically transmitted by flies are food poisoning bacteria (Shigella, Salmonella, E. coli) and cholera.
Powderpost beetles and wood pests.
Authors: Dhang Partho , Koehler Philip , Pereira Roberto , Dye, II Daniel D. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

This chapter provides key questions in urban pest management, focusing on powderpost beetles and wood pests. There are several important beetles that attack wood in nature, but those that cause concern in the urban environment are the ones that are capable of completing their development in seasoned wood, and that can potentially reproduce and produce a new generation of pests that will continuously reinfest wood, causing damage. These pests may be especially difficult to recognize due to their cryptic nature, staying hidden from observation for most of their lifecycle. Control of wood pests is not always possible before considerable damage is done. Thus, prevention is important in minimizing damage.
Fleas, ticks and mites.
Authors: Dhang Partho , Koehler Philip , Pereira Roberto , Dye II Daniel D. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

This book chapter discusses fleas, ticks, and mites. Fleas are insects with six legs, three body regions, and antennae on the head; whereas ticks and mites are arachnids with eight legs in the adult stage, two body regions, and lack antennae. All three groups are important transmitters of disease and are difficult to control. Flea control is most commonly accomplished with oral or topical applications of drugs or insecticides to pets as prescribed by veterinarians. These applications control fleas by either contact with the host or ingestion of blood containing a toxicant. Pest control technicians often control fleas with residual sprays containing a mixture of insecticides and insect growth regulators. Pest control technicians usually treat the insides of houses and yards around houses focusing on the edges of woods, lawns, and borders adjacent to known tick habitats. Ticks are prevented with protective clothing, personal repellents, and acaricides applied to infested habitats. Most mites in urban areas are parasites associated with rodents, birds, or humans: chiggers, stored food mites and house dust mites. The complete life cycle can occur in as little as 2 to 3 weeks, and huge populations can occur rapidly.
Stored product pests.
Authors: Dhang Partho , Koehler Philip , Pereira Roberto , Dye, II Daniel D. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

This chapter provides key questions in urban pest management, focusing on pests of stored products such as food, clothing, furnishings, artifacts and books. Stored product insects are comprised of only two insect groups or orders. These insect groups are moths (Lepidoptera) and beetles (Coleoptera) which also comprises weevils. Control and management of stored product pests can be achieved by a number of methods. These include a step-by-step process that covers sanitation, proper storage, safe transportation, insecticide application and continuous monitoring.
Diamond—the ultimate material for exploring physics of spin-defects for quantum technologies and diamondtronics
Authors: Das Dhruba , Raj Rahul , Jana Jayanta , Chatterjee Subhajit , Ganapathi K L , Chandran Maneesh , Ramachandra Rao M S 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Diamond due to its outstanding optical, electrical, mechanical and thermal properties finds an important place in electronic, opto-electronic and quantum technologies. Recent progresses showing superconductivity in diamond by boron doping has opened up many avenues including its applications in SQUID devices especially with polycrystalline diamond films. Granular boron doped diamond films find applications in quantum inductance devices where high surface inductance is required. Particularly important are the defect centers in diamond like nitrogen-vacancy (N-V), silicon vacancy (SiV) and other color centers which are ideal candidates for next generation quantum hardware systems. For efficient device applications, an indispensable need remains for a substitutional donor in diamond lattice that yields a lower thermal activation energy at room temperature. In this review, a comprehensive summary of research and the technological challenges has been reported including some of the results on nitrogen doping in polycrystalline diamond to understand the transport phenomenon emphasizing on its possible future applications.
Modeling physician’s preference in treatment plan approval of stereotactic body radiation therapy of prostate cancer
Authors: Gao Yin , Shen Chenyang , Gonzalez Yesenia , Jia Xun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective. Treatment planning of radiation therapy is a time-consuming task. It is desirable to develop automatic planning approaches to generate plans favorable to physicians. The purpose of this study is to develop a deep learning based virtual physician network (VPN) that models physician’s preference on plan approval for prostate cancer stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Approach. VPN takes one planning target volume (PTV) and eight organs at risk structure images, as well as a dose distribution of a plan seeking approval as input. It outputs a probability of approving the plan, and a dose distribution indicating improvements to the input dose. Due to the lack of unapproved plans in our database, VPN is trained using an adversarial framework. 68 prostate cancer patients who received 45

Gy

in 5-fraction SBRT were selected in this study, with 60 patients for training and cross validation, and 8 patients for independent testing. Main results. The trained VPN was able to differentiate approved and unapproved plans with Area under the curve 0.97 for testing data. For unapproved plans, after applying VPN’s suggested dose improvement, the improved dose agreed with ground truth with relative differences

2.03
±
2.17
%

for PTV

D

98
%

,

0.49
±
0.29
%

for PTV

V

95
%

,

3.08
±
2.24
%

for penile bulb

D

mean

,

3.73
±
2.20
%

for rectum

V

50
%

,

and

2.06
±
1.73
%

for bladder

V

50
%

.

Significance. VPN was developed to accurately model a physician’s preference on plan approval and to provide suggestions on how to improve the dose distribution.
Real-time marker-less tumor tracking with TOF PET: in silico feasibility study
Authors: Cheng Xinyi , Yang Dongxu , Zhong Yuncheng , Shao Yiping 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Purpose. Although positron emission tomography (PET) can provide a functional image of static tumors for RT guidance, it’s conventionally very challenging for PET to track a moving tumor in real-time with a multiple frame/s sampling rate. In this study, we developed a novel method to enable PET based three-dimension (3D) real-time marker-less tumor tracking (RMTT) and demonstrated its feasibility with a simulation study. Methods. For each line-of-response (LOR) acquired, its positron-electron annihilation position is calculated based on the time difference between the two gamma interactions detected by the TOF PET detectors. The accumulation of these annihilation positions from data acquired within a single sampling frame forms a coarsely measured 3D distribution of positron-emitter radiotracer uptakes of the lung tumor and other organs and tissues (background). With clinically relevant tumor size and sufficient differential radiotracer uptake concentrations between the tumor and background, the high-uptake tumor can be differentiated from the surrounding low-uptake background in the measured distribution of radiotracer uptakes. With a volume-of-interest (VOI) that closely encloses the tumor, the count-weighted centroid of the annihilation positions within the VOI can be calculated as the tumor position. All these data processes can be conducted online. The feasibility of the new method was investigated with a simulated cardiac-torso digital phantom and stationary dual-panel TOF PET detectors to track a 28 mm diameter lung tumor with a 4:1 tumor-to-background 18FDG activity concentration ratio. Results. The initial study shows TOF PET based RMTT can achieve <2.0 mm tumor tracking accuracy with 5 frame s−1 sampling rate under the simulated conditions. In comparison, using reconstructed PET images to track a similar size tumor would require >30 s acquisition time to achieve the same tracking accuracy. Conclusion. With the demonstrated feasibility, the new method may enable TOF PET based RMTT for practical RT applications.
Simple and statistically sound recommendations for analysing physical theories
Authors: AbdusSalam Shehu S , Agocs Fruzsina J , Allanach Benjamin C , Athron Peter , Balázs Csaba , Bagnaschi Emanuele , Bechtle Philip , Buchmueller Oliver , Beniwal Ankit , Bhom Jihyun , Bloor Sanjay , Bringmann Torsten , Buckley Andy , Butter Anja , Camargo-Molina José Eliel , Chrzaszcz Marcin , Conrad Jan , Cornell Jonathan M , Danninger Matthias , de Blas Jorge , De Roeck Albert , Desch Klaus , Dolan Matthew , Dreiner Herbert , Eberhardt Otto , Ellis John , Farmer Ben , Fedele Marco , Flächer Henning , Fowlie Andrew , Gonzalo Tomás E , Grace Philip , Hamer Matthias , Handley Will , Harz Julia , Heinemeyer Sven , Hoof Sebastian , Hotinli Selim , Jackson Paul , Kahlhoefer Felix , Kowalska Kamila , Krämer Michael , Kvellestad Anders , Martinez Miriam Lucio , Mahmoudi Farvah , Santos Diego Martinez , Martinez Gregory D , Mishima Satoshi , Olive Keith , Paul Ayan , Prim Markus Tobias , Porod Werner , Raklev Are , Renk Janina J , Rogan Christopher , Roszkowski Leszek , Ruiz de Austri Roberto , Sakurai Kazuki , Scaffidi Andre , Scott Pat , Sessolo Enrico Maria , Stefaniak Tim , Stöcker Patrick , Su Wei , Trojanowski Sebastian , Trotta Roberto , Sming Tsai Yue-Lin , Van den Abeele Jeriek , Valli Mauro , Vincent Aaron C , Weiglein Georg , White Martin , Wienemann Peter , Wu Lei , Zhang Yang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Physical theories that depend on many parameters or are tested against data from many different experiments pose unique challenges to statistical inference. Many models in particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology fall into one or both of these categories. These issues are often sidestepped with statistically unsound ad hoc methods, involving intersection of parameter intervals estimated by multiple experiments, and random or grid sampling of model parameters. Whilst these methods are easy to apply, they exhibit pathologies even in low-dimensional parameter spaces, and quickly become problematic to use and interpret in higher dimensions. In this article we give clear guidance for going beyond these procedures, suggesting where possible simple methods for performing statistically sound inference, and recommendations of readily-available software tools and standards that can assist in doing so. Our aim is to provide any physicists lacking comprehensive statistical training with recommendations for reaching correct scientific conclusions, with only a modest increase in analysis burden. Our examples can be reproduced with the code publicly available at Zenodo.