bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a novel malaria management strategy based on self-testing and self-treatment in remote areas in the Amazon (Malakit): confronting a-priori assumptions with reality
Authors: Galindo Muriel Suzanne , Lambert Yann , Mutricy Louise , Garancher Laure , Miller Jane Bordalo , Gomes José Hermenegildo , Sanna Alice , Peterka Cassio , Cairo Hedley , Hiwat Helene , Adenis Antoine , Nacher Mathieu , Suárez-Mutis Martha Cecilia , Vreden Stephen , Douine Maylis 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundA novel strategy to combat malaria was tested using a methodology adapted to a complex setting in the Amazon region and a hard-to-reach, mobile community. The intervention strategy tested was the distribution, after training, of malaria self-management kits to gold miners who cross the Surinamese and Brazilian borders with French Guiana to work illegally in the remote mining sites in the forest of this French overseas entity.Main textThis article aims at presenting all process and implementation outcomes following the Conceptual Framework of Implementation Fidelity i.e. adherence, including content and exposure, and moderators, comprising participant responsiveness, quality of delivery, facilitation strategies, and context. The information sources are the post-intervention survey, data collected longitudinally during the intervention, a qualitative study, data collected during an outreach mission to a remote gold mining site, supervisory visit reports, in-depth feedback from the project implementers, and videos self-recorded by facilitators based on opened ended questions.As expected, being part of or close to the study community was an essential condition to enable deliverers, referred to as “facilitators”, to overcome the usual wariness of this gold mining population. Overall, the content of the intervention was in line with what was planned. With an estimated one third of the population reached, exposure was satisfactory considering the challenging context, but improvable by increasing ad hoc off-site distribution according to needs. Participant responsiveness was the main strength of the intervention, but could be enhanced by reducing the duration of the process to get a kit, which could be disincentive in some places. Regarding the quality of delivery, the main issue was the excess of information provided to participants rather than a lack of information, but this was corrected over time. The expected decrease in malaria incidence became a source of reduced interest in the kit. Expanding the scope of facilitators’ responsibilities could be a suitable response. Better articulation with existing malaria management services is recommended to ensure sustainability.ConclusionsThese findings supplement the evaluation outcomes for assessing the relevance of the strategy and provide useful information to perpetuate and transfer it in comparable contexts.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov. NCT03695770. 10/02/2018 “Retrospectively registered”.
Examining active aging among Iranian provinces: a TOPSIS analysis
Authors: Saberzadeh Vahid , Emamgholipour Sefiddashti Sara , Safaei Lari Majid 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Planning and decision-making for the elderly requires a special attention due to the beginning of aging process in Iran. By emphasizing the concept of active aging, determining the status of the elderly like their ability to continue work over time, to attain income and to participate in social and political life is significant. Active aging uses the indicators measuring the non-used potential of the elderly for having an active and healthy aging. This study aimed to determine the level of active aging among the provinces of Iran in 2018 by considering 11 indicators related to elderly’s health, well-being and socioeconomic participation.

Methods
The raw data were obtained from Statistical Center of Iran. After establishing the indicators based on the Global Age Watch approach, the provinces were ranked by the TOPSIS method in terms of aging status.

Results
The results indicated that only Tehran and Alborz had the highest development level of active aging while 16% of the provinces had a semi-developed status and 77% failed at experiencing a satisfactory welfare, economic and social status.

Conclusions
Four indicators had the highest importance included the percentage of the elderly with a diploma and academic degree, the percentage of the elderly with lower incomes than the median income, the median income of the elderly to the median income of the other people in society, and life expectancy among the 65-year old men. Studying the indicators deeply can result in the appropriate planning for each area in line with the improvement of the elderly status.
Validation of physician certified verbal autopsy using conventional autopsy: a large study of adult non-external causes of death in a metropolitan area in Brazil
Authors: de André Carmen Diva Saldiva , Bierrenbach Ana Luiza , Barroso Lucia Pereira , de André Paulo Afonso , Justo Lisie Tocci , Pereira Luiz Alberto Amador , Taniguchi Mauro T. , Minto Cátia Martinez , Takecian Pedro Losco , Kamaura Leonardo Tadashi , Ferreira João Eduardo , Hazard Riley H. , Mclaughlin Deirdre , Riley Ian , Lopez Alan D. , Ramos Ana Maria de Oliveira , de Souza Maria de Fatima Marinho , França Elisabeth Barboza , Saldiva Paulo Hilário Nascimento , da Silva Luiz Fernando Ferraz 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Reliable mortality data are essential for the development of public health policies. In Brazil, although there is a well-consolidated universal system for mortality data, the quality of information on causes of death (CoD) is not even among Brazilian regions, with a high proportion of ill-defined CoD. Verbal autopsy (VA) is an alternative to improve mortality data. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of an adapted and reduced version of VA in identifying the underlying causes of non-forensic deaths, in São Paulo, Brazil. This is the first time that a version of the questionnaire has been validated considering the autopsy as the gold standard.

Methods
The performance of a physician-certified verbal autopsy (PCVA) was evaluated considering conventional autopsy (macroscopy plus microscopy) as gold standard, based on a sample of 2060 decedents that were sent to the Post-Mortem Verification Service (SVOC-USP). All CoD, from the underlying to the immediate, were listed by both parties, and ICD-10 attributed by a senior coder. For each cause, sensitivity and chance corrected concordance (CCC) were computed considering first the underlying causes attributed by the pathologist and PCVA, and then any CoD listed in the death certificate given by PCVA. Cause specific mortality fraction accuracy (CSMF-accuracy) and chance corrected CSMF-accuracy were computed to evaluate the PCVA performance at the populational level.

Results
There was substantial variability of the sensitivities and CCC across the causes. Well-known chronic diseases with accurate diagnoses that had been informed by physicians to family members, such as various cancers, had sensitivities above 40% or 50%. However, PCVA was not effective in attributing Pneumonia, Cardiomyopathy and Leukemia/Lymphoma as underlying CoD. At populational level, the PCVA estimated cause specific mortality fractions (CSMF) may be considered close to the fractions pointed by the gold standard. The CSMF-accuracy was 0.81 and the chance corrected CSMF-accuracy was 0.49.

Conclusions
The PCVA was efficient in attributing some causes individually and proved effective in estimating the CSMF, which indicates that the method is useful to establish public health priorities.
Trends over two decades in life expectancy with complex health problems among older Swedes: implications for the provision of integrated health care and social care
Authors: Meinow Bettina , Li Peng , Jasilionis Domantas , Oksuzyan Anna , Sundberg Louise , Kelfve Susanne , Wastesson Jonas W. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Due to population aging, it is essential to examine to what extent rises in life expectancy (LE) consist of healthy or unhealthy years. Most health expectancy studies have been based on single health measures and have shown divergent trends. We used a multi-domain indicator, complex health problems (CHP), indicative of the need for integrated medical and social care, to investigate how LE with and without CHP developed in Sweden between 1992 and 2011. We also addressed whether individuals with CHP more commonly lived in the community in 2011 compared to earlier years.

Methods
CHP were defined as having severe problems in at least two of three health domains related to the need for medical and/or social care: symptoms/diseases, cognition/communication, and mobility. The Swedish Panel Study of Living Conditions of the Oldest Old (SWEOLD), a nationally representative survey of the Swedish population aged ≥ 77 years with waves in 1992, 2002 and 2011 (n≈2000), was used to estimate the prevalence of CHP. Age- and gender-specific death rates were obtained from the Human Mortality Database. The Sullivan method was deployed to calculate the remaining life expectancy with and without CHP. The estimates were decomposed to calculate the contribution of changes from morbidity and mortality to the overall trends in LE without CHP.

Results
Between 1992 and 2011, both total LE (+ 1.69 years [95% CI 1.56;1.83] and LE without CHP (+ 0.84 years [-0,87;2.55]) at age 77 increased for men, whereas LE at age 77 increased for women (+ 1.33 [1.21;1.47]) but not LE without CHP (-0.06 years [-1.39;1.26]). When decomposing the trend, we found that the increase in LE with CHP was mainly driven by an increase in the prevalence of CHP. Among individuals with CHP the proportion residing in care homes was lower in 2011 (37%) compared to 2002 (58%) and 1992 (53%).

Conclusions
The findings, that an increasing number of older people are expected to live more years with CHP, and increasingly live in the community, point towards a challenge for individuals and families, as well as for society in financing and organizing coordinated and coherent medical and social services.
Incarceration exposure during pregnancy and maternal disability: findings from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System
Authors: Testa Alexander , Fahmy Chantal , Jackson Dylan B. , Ganson Kyle T. , Nagata Jason M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Extant research reveals that currently and formerly incarcerated individuals exhibit higher rates of disability. Moreover, recent research highlights that women exposed to incarceration during pregnancy —either personally or vicariously through a partner— face poorer health. However, prior research has not detailed the connection between incarceration exposure and risk for maternal disability.

Methods
The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between a women’s exposure to incarceration during pregnancy and disability including difficulty with: communication, hearing, remembering, seeing, self-care, or walking. Data are from Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), 2019 (N = 12,712). Logistic and negative binomial regression were used to assess the relationship between incarceration exposure and maternal disability.

Results
Among the sample of women who delivered a recent live birth, approximately 3.3% of the sample indicated they were personally or vicariously exposed to incarceration in the 12 months before birth. Compared to those who did not have incarceration exposure, women with incarceration exposure have elevated odds of several disabilities, including difficulty remembering (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 1.971; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.429, 2.718), difficulty seeing (AOR = 1.642, 95% CI = 1.179, 2.288), difficulty walking (AOR = 1.896, 95% CI = 1.413, 2.544), and a greater number of cumulative disabilities (Incidence Risk Ratio [IRR] = 1.483; 95% CI = 1.271, 1.731).

Conclusions
Women personally or vicariously exposed to incarceration during pregnancy endure greater odds of having a disability. Considering both incarceration and disability are important public health issues with implications for maternal and child well-being, these findings highlight the need for further research that can better understand the connection between incarceration and disability.
Demographics of road injuries and micromobility injuries among China, India, Japan, and the United States population: evidence from an age-period-cohort analysis
Authors: Zhao Yudi , Cao Jinhong , Ma Yudiyang , Mubarik Sumaira , Bai Jianjun , Yang Donghui , Wang Kai , Yu Chuanhua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundMicromobility sharing platforms have involved skyrocketing numbers of users in multiple countries since 2010. However, few studies have examined the overall impact of the growing micromobility market on road injuries.MethodWe use road injury data from the Global Burden of Disease Study database to examine the effect of age, period, and cohort on micromobility injury-related deaths and incidence. We compared four countries that vary in demographic background and road infrastructure. By comparing the countries, we analyzed the relationship between the trends in road injuries and these factors.ResultsWe found an overall upward trend in micromobility injuries. A higher risk of micromobility-related injuries was witnessed in China and the US in 2015-2019, and people older than 45 showed a growing micromobility-related mortality and incidence rate in China, India, and the US. Cohorts after 1960 showed higher micromobility injury incidence risks in China and India, but the population born after 1990 in India showed a slightly lower risk compared to those before it.ConclusionsThe boosted usage of micromobility devices explains these increasing trends. Road infrastructure and separated traffic ease the collisions from micromobility devices. The overall situation calls for improvement in legislation as well as road infrastructure.
Associations between quality of health care and clinical outcomes in patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases: a rehabilitation cohort study
Authors: Sand-Svartrud Anne-Lene , Berdal Gunnhild , Azimi Maryam , Bø Ingvild , Dager Turid Nygaard , Eppeland Siv Grødal , Fredheim Guro Ohldieck , Hagland Anne Sirnes , Klokkeide Åse , Linge Anita Dyb , Sexton Joseph , Tennebø Kjetil , Valaas Helene Lindtvedt , Mjøsund Kristin , Dagfinrud Hanne , Kjeken Ingvild 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe quality of provided health care may be an important source of variation in rehabilitation outcomes, increasing the interest in associations between quality indicators (QIs) and improved patient outcomes. Therefore, we examined the associations between the quality of rehabilitation processes and subsequent clinical outcomes among patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs).MethodsIn this multicentre prospective cohort study, adults with RMDs undergoing multidisciplinary rehabilitation at eight participating centres reported the quality of rehabilitation after 2 months and outcomes after 2, 7, and 12 months. We measured perceived quality of rehabilitation by 11 process indicators that cover the domains of initial assessments, patient participation and individual goal-setting, and individual follow-up and coordination across levels of health care. The patients responded “yes” or “no” to each indicator. Scores were calculated as pass rates (PRs) from 0 to 100% (best score). Clinical outcomes were goal attainment (Patient-Specific Functional Scale), physical function (30 s sit-to-stand test), and health-related quality of life (EuroQoL 5D-5L). Associations between patient-reported quality of care and each outcome measure at 7 months was analysed by linear mixed models.ResultsA total of 293 patients were enrolled in this study (mean age 52 years, 76% female). Primary diagnoses were inflammatory rheumatic disease (64%), fibromyalgia syndrome (18%), unspecific neck, shoulder, or low back pain (8%), connective tissue disease (6%), and osteoarthritis (4%). The overall median PR for the process indicators was 73% (range 11–100%). The PR was lowest (median 40%) for individual follow-up and coordination across levels of care. The mixed model analyses showed that higher PRs for the process indicators were not associated with improved goal attainment or improved physical function or improved health-related quality of life.ConclusionsThe quality of rehabilitation processes was not associated with important clinical outcomes. An implication of this is that measuring only the outcome dimension of quality may result in incomplete evaluation and monitoring of the quality of care, and we suggest using information from both the structure, process, and outcome dimensions to draw inferences about the quality, and plan future quality initiatives in the field of complex rehabilitation.Trial registrationThe study is part of the larger BRIDGE trial (ClinicalTrials.govNCT03102814).
Is repeat fine needle aspiration required in thyroid nodules with initial benign cytology? Results from a large Irish series
Authors: Zia-ul-Hussnain Hafiz M. , Kgosidialwa Oratile , Kennedy Carmel , Quinn Mark , Dolan Emma , Deignan Paul , Sherlock Mark , Thompson Chris J. , Smith Diarmuid , O’Neill James P. , Hill Arnold , Leader Mary , Barrett Helen , Ryan Cliona , Keeling Frank , Morrin Martina M. , Agha Amar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is the preferred method for assessing thyroid nodules for malignancy. Concern remains about the rate of false negative results. The primary aim of this study is to investigate the malignancy rate of thyroid nodules initially classified as benign (Thy 2).

Methods
We retrospectively examined 658 nodules in 653 (429 female) patients between January 2013 to December 2017. All FNA biopsies (FNABs) were performed under ultrasound (US) guidance by a radiologist with expertise in thyroid pathology. Nodules were cytologically classified according to the UK Royal College of Pathologists guidelines. Decisions about further management were made at a regular thyroid multidisciplinary meeting. Follow up of the Thy 2 nodules was determined based on clinical and radiological criteria.

Results
The mean age (± SD) was 53.2 (14.6) years. Five hundred out of 658 (76.0%) nodules were classified as Thy 2 (benign) after the first FNAB. Of these thyroid nodules initially classified as benign, 208 (41.6%) underwent repeat FNAB and 9 (1.8%) were surgically removed without repeat FNAB. The remainder were followed up clinically and/or radiologically. Seven (1.4%) of nodules initially classified as Thy 2 were later shown to be or to harbor malignancy after a follow-up of 74.5 (± 19.7) months. Papillary thyroid microcarcinomas were found co-incidentally in two thyroid glands of benign nodules, giving a true prevalence of 5/500 (1.0%).

Conclusions
With a well targeted FNAB, the false negative rate of an initial benign thyroid FNA is very low thus routine second FNAB is not required in patients with a thyroid nodule initially deemed benign. Multidisciplinary input is imperative in informing decision making.
Identification and validation of transcription factor-driven enhancers of genes related to lipid metabolism in metastatic oral squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Zhang Liru , Zhao Shuangling , Liu Yuanhang , Lv Feifei , Geng Xixue 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe role and mechanisms of lipid metabolism in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) metastasis have not been clarified. This study aims to identify lipid metabolism-related genes and transcription factors regulated by metastasis-associated enhancers (MAEs) in OSCC.MethodsGene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) were performed for lipid metabolism enrichment. TCGA data were used to analyze the differentially expressed lipid metabolism-related genes. MAEs were analyzed using GSE120634. Overlapping analysis was used to screen the MAE-regulated lipid metabolism-related genes, and the prognosis of these genes was analyzed. Transcription factor prediction was performed for the MAE-regulated lipid metabolism-related genes with prognostic value. Validation of the metastatic specificity of MAEs at ACAT1, OXSM and VAPA locus was performed using GSE88976 and GSE120634. ChIP-qPCR, qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to verify the regulation of ACAT1, OXSM and VAPA expression by CBFB. Effects of CBFB knockdown on proliferation, invasion and lipid synthesis in metastatic OSCC cells were analyzed.ResultsLipid metabolism was significantly enhanced in metastatic OSCC compared to non-metastatic OSCC. The expression of 276 lipid metabolism-related genes was significantly upregulated in metastatic OSCC, which were functionally related to lipid uptake, triacylglycerols, phospholipids and sterols metabolism. A total of 6782 MAEs and 176 MAE-regulated lipid metabolism-related genes were filtered. Three MAE-regulated lipid metabolism-related genes, ACAT1, OXSM and VAPA, were associated with a poor prognosis in OSCC patients. Enhancers at ACAT1, OXSM and VAPA locus were metastasis-specific enhancers. CBFB regulated ACAT1, OXSM and VAPA expression by binding to the enhancers of these genes. Knockdown of CBFB inhibited proliferation, invasion and lipid synthesis in metastatic OSCC cells.ConclusionThe MAE-regulated lipid metabolism-related genes (ACAT1, OXSM and VAPA) and the key transcription factor (CBFB) were identified. CBFB knockdown inhibited proliferation, invasion and lipid synthesis of OSCC cells. These findings provide novel candidates for the development of therapeutic targets for OSCC.