bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of gender diversity on corporate soundness and social contribution
Authors: Rhee Chang Seop , Woo Sohee , Rhee Hyunjung 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study investigates whether gender diversity within a company has a positive effect on corporate soundness and social contribution. We collect the data of female employment status, corporate soundness, and social contribution, and then we perform empirical tests using 1524 Korean firm‐year observations from 2012 to 2020. From the empirical results, we find that firms with high gender diversity have more corporate soundness than those with low gender diversity. We also find that there is a positive association between the level of gender diversity and social contribution. Our findings imply that by increasing the ratio of female employees, companies can create a more stable and rigorous corporate climate, and consequently improve the corporate soundness and social contribution. This study supports the importance of females in the workforce by presenting empirical evidence that female employment helps improve corporate soundness and social contribution.
Design of a novel micro‐Zone adaptive Energy‐Trust evaluation Active On‐Demand Vector protocol to optimize communication in challenging and attacked mobile network
Authors: Juneja Kapil 
Published: August 2022

SummaryHigh congestion, mobility, and energy restrictions are the critical challenges to mobile networks. The conventional routing protocols are unable to ensure effective and reliable communication in such dynamic and unpredictable situations. In this paper, a novel micro‐Zone adaptive Energy‐Trust evaluation Active On‐Demand Vector (mZ‐ETAODV) protocol is designed to provide routing solutions in extreme conditions. In this work, the complete network is divided into smaller zones of nxn. The extreme zone position‐based evaluation is conducted to handle the stability and to identify the next intermediate node. The zone‐covered neighbors are further computed under energy and trust measures to identify the most reliable neighbor. The proposed protocol is simulated under high mobility, congestion and man‐in‐middle attack situations. The analytical observations are recorded in terms of Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) ratio, energy consumption, delay and communication loss parameters. The comparative results are generated against AODV, SAODV, PSAODV, PDS‐AODV, NVS‐AODV, iNVS‐AODV, Tripathy et al., DFMCRP, FBSSR, MBDP‐AODV, AGHA, and Singh et al. protocols. The experimentation is conducted in a highly challenging mobile network with high congestion, high mobility, energy restriction, existence of blackhole, grayhole, DDOS, and mixed attacks. These attacks are performed with 0% to 10% density, and analysis is conducted against PDR ratio, communication delay, route switching, dead node count, remaining energy, and attack detection rate measures. The analysis results identified that the proposed protocol reduced the communication delay and energy consumption and achieved significant gain in attack detection rate, network life and PDR ratio.
The RhoGAP‐myosin Myo9b regulates ocular lens pit morphogenesis
Authors: Hemkemeyer Sandra A. , Liu Zhijun , Vollmer Veith , Xu Yan , Lohmann Birgit , Bähler Martin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundDuring eye development the lens placode invaginates to form the lens pit. Further bending of lens epithelium and separation from ectoderm leads eventually to a spherical lens vesicle with enclosed extracellular fluid. Changes in epithelial morphology involve the actin cytoskeleton and its regulators. The myosin Myo9b is simultaneously an actin‐based motor and Rho GTPase‐activating protein that regulates actin cytoskeleton organization. Myo9b‐deficient adult mice and embryos were analyzed for eye malformations and alterations in lens development.ResultsMyo9b‐deficient mice showed a high incidence of microphthalmia and cataracts with occasional blepharitis. Formation of the lens vesicle during embryonic lens development was disordered in virtually all embryos. Lens placode invagination was less deep and gave rise to a conical structure instead of a spherical pit. At later stages either no lens vesicle was formed or a significantly smaller one that was not enclosed by the optic cup. Expression of the cell fate marker Pax6 was not altered. Staining of adherens junctions and F‐actin was most intense at the tip of conical invaginations, suggesting that mechanical forces are not properly coordinated between epithelial cells that form the pit.ConclusionsMyo9b is a critical regulator of ocular lens vesicle morphogenesis during eye development.
Range‐wide sources of variation in reproductive rates of northern spotted owls
Authors: Rockweit Jeremy T. , Jenkins Julianna M. , Hines James E. , Nichols James D. , Dugger Katie M. , Franklin Alan B. , Carlson Peter C. , Kendall William L. , Lesmeister Damon B. , McCafferty Christopher , Ackers Steven H. , Andrews L. Steven , Bailey Larissa L. , Burgher Jesse , Burnham Kenneth P. , Chestnut Tara , Conner Mary M. , Davis Raymond J. , Dilione Krista E. , Forsman Eric D. , Glenn Elizabeth M. , Gremel Scott A. , Hamm Keith A. , Herter Dale R. , Higley J. Mark , Horn Rob B. , Lamphear David W. , McDonald Trent L. , Reid Janice A. , Schwarz Carl J. , Simon David C. , Sovern Stan G. , Swingle James K. , Wiens J. David , Wise Heather , Yackulic Charles B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe conducted a range‐wide investigation of the dynamics of site‐level reproductive rate of northern spotted owls using survey data from 11 study areas across the subspecies geographic range collected during 1993–2018. Our analytical approach accounted for imperfect detection of owl pairs and misclassification of successful reproduction (i.e., at least one young fledged) and contributed further insights into northern spotted owl population ecology and dynamics. Both nondetection and state misclassification were important, especially because factors affecting these sources of error also affected focal ecological parameters. Annual probabilities of site occupancy were greatest at sites with successful reproduction in the previous year and lowest for sites not occupied by a pair in the previous year. Site‐specific occupancy transition probabilities declined over time and were negatively affected by barred owl presence. Overall, the site‐specific probability of successful reproduction showed substantial year‐to‐year fluctuations and was similar for occupied sites that did or did not experience successful reproduction the previous year. Site‐specific probabilities for successful reproduction were very small for sites that were unoccupied the previous year. Barred owl presence negatively affected the probability of successful reproduction by northern spotted owls in Washington and California, as predicted, but the effect in Oregon was mixed. The proportions of sites occupied by northern spotted owl pairs showed steep, near‐monotonic declines over the study period, with all study areas showing the lowest observed levels of occupancy to date. If trends continue it is likely that northern spotted owls will become extirpated throughout large portions of their range in the coming decades.
Integrating invasive species risk assessment into environmental DNA metabarcoding reference libraries
Authors: Mahon Andrew R. , Grey Erin K. , Jerde Christopher L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding has shown promise as a tool for estimating biodiversity and early detection of invasive species. In aquatic systems, advantages of this method include the ability to concurrently monitor biodiversity and detect incipient invasions simply through the collection and analysis of water samples. However, depending on the molecular markers chosen for a given study, reference libraries containing target sequences from present species may limit the usefulness of eDNA metabarcoding. To explore the extent of this issue and how it may be resolved to aid biodiversity and invasive species early detection goals, we focus on fishes in the well‐studied Laurentian Great Lakes region. First, we provide a synthesis of species currently known from the region and of non‐indigenous species identified as threats by international, national, regional, and introduction pathway‐specific fish risk assessments. With these species lists, we then evaluate 23 primer pairs commonly used in fish eDNA metabarcoding with available databases of sequence coverage and species specificity. Finally, we identify established and potentially invasive non‐indigenous fish that should be prioritized for genetic sequencing to ensure robust eDNA metabarcoding for the region. Our results should increase confidence in using eDNA metabarcoding for fisheries conservation and management in the Great Lakes region and help prioritize reference sequencing efforts. The ultimate utility of eDNA metabarcoding approaches will come when conservation management of existing fish communities is integrated with early detection efforts for invasive species surveillance to assess total fish biodiversity.
Intimacy across species boundaries: Interspecific allopreening between Spot‐necked (Stachyris strialata) and Nonggang Babblers (S. nonggangensis)
Authors: Zhou Wenyi , Zhang Zhuyang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAllopreening occurs in many species of birds and is known for providing hygienic and social benefits. While this behavior has been extensively studied among conspecifics, its occurrence among different species remains little known. Outside of captive environments, only a few records of interspecific allopreening exist. In this study, we describe our observations of the interspecific allopreening behavior between Spot‐necked (Stachyris strialata) and Nonggang Babblers (S. nonggangensis) in a non‐captive environment in southern China. To our knowledge, these observations represent the first record of interspecific allopreening in the family Timaliidae. We suggest that this understudied behavior is most likely related to the dominant–subordinate relationship between these two species: either the dominant species preening the subordinate species to assert dominance or the subordinate species preening the dominant species to reduce tensions by appeasement. We also suggest interspecific allopreening may not be as rare as we thought if we study this behavior under circumstances where different species are close to each other. This study contributes to our understanding of not only the potential mechanism(s) behind interspecific allopreening but also the behavioral ecology of the vulnerable Nonggang Babbler.
Relationship between diversity and stability of a karst plant community
Authors: Wang Yang , Chen Jin , Zhang Limin , Feng Ling , Yan Linbin , Li Fangbing , Zhao Xiangwei , Yu Lifei , Liu Na 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe relationships among species diversity, functional diversity, functional redundancy, and community stability are central to community and ecosystem ecology. In this paper, a “space substitution for time” approach is used to study the plant communities at different stages of the natural recovery process of degraded karst vegetation on the karst plateau of Guizhou. These restoration stages include the herbaceous stage, herbaceous and shrub transition stage, shrub stage, tree and shrub transition stage, and tree stage. We calculated the functional diversity and functional redundancy of the community based on functional characteristics and mediated the relationship between functional diversity, functional redundancy, and stability of the plant community through changes in functional diversity and functional redundancy. This study aims to reveal the mechanisms of changes in species diversity and community stability and thus further reveals the intrinsic reasons for maintaining the stability of karst plant communities. The most important results include the following: (1) Species diversity, functional redundancy, and stability gradually increased with restoration, and there were significant differences among the different stages; functional diversity increased at first and then decreased, and reached the highest level at the tree and shrub transition stage; (2) Plant height and specific leaf area were functional traits that influenced the diversity and stability of the plant community, with plant height being positively correlated with plant community diversity and stability, and specific leaf area being negatively correlated with plant community diversity and stability; (3) During the community's recovery, functional diversity and functional redundancy interacted to maintain stability. In the early and late stages of recovery, the effect of functional redundancy on stability was greater than that of functional diversity, but it was the opposite in the middle stages; (4) The tree and shrub transition stage is the likely point at which the functional diversity of plant communities in karst areas reaches saturation, and the growth rate of functional redundancy after functional diversity saturation is greater than that before saturation. Overall, community stability increased with species diversity; habitat heterogeneity increased functional diversity in the early stages of recovery; and habitat homogeneity increased functional redundancy.
Microchip electrophoresis separation coupled to mass spectrometry (MCE–MS) for the rapid monitoring of multiple quality attributes of monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Madren Seth , Yi Linda 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTherapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are highly heterogeneous as a result of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) during bioprocessing and storage. The modifications that impact mAb product quality are regarded as critical quality attributes and require monitoring. The conventional LC–mass spectrometer (MS) method used for product quality monitoring may require protein A purification prior to analysis. In this paper, we present a high‐throughput microchip electrophoresis (<4 min) in‐line with MS (MCE–MS) that enables baseline separation and characterization of Fc, Fd′, and light chain (LC) domains of IdeS‐treated mAb sample directly from bioreactor. The NISTmAb was used to optimize the MCE separation and to assess its capability of multiple attribute monitoring. The MCE–MS can uniquely separate and characterize deamidated species at domain level compared to LC–MS method. Two case studies were followed to demonstrate the method capability of monitoring product quality of mAb samples from stability studies or directly from bioreactors.
Impact factors and contributions of commingled production in multiple coal seams
Authors: Jin Jun , Fang Xiaojie , Wu Caifang , Han Jiang , Jiang Xiuming , Liu Ningning , Gao Bin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe multilayer development of coalbed methane (CBM) is affected by many factors, and the gas production contribution of each seam is unclear. In this study, 12 geological and 10 engineering parameters were adopted to reveal the key factors affecting the combined‐layer drainage productivity of CBM wells before using numerical simulation to clarify the contribution of each coal seam. The results show that the coal reservoir in the Laochang mining area exhibited the advantages of high gas content, intact coal body structure, and large thickness of the combined coal seams, and it was deficient with low saturation and ratio of critical desorption pressure to reservoir pressure. The medium permeability after fracturing and the influence of a small range of fracturing leads to the steep and deep pressure drop funnel of the coal reservoir, and most of the reservoir pressure drop is ineffective; this may be the reason for the unstable production and rapid attenuation of most CBM wells in the study area. The gas production of the Nos. 13 and 18 coal seams is stable and makes a significant contribution, and they can be used as the key objects of follow‐up CBM exploration and development in this area. Geological factors, such as coal body structure, ratio of critical desorption pressure to reservoir pressure, thickness of combined coal seams, and gas saturation, as well as engineering factors, such as permeability and half length of fractures after fracturing, are the main factors affecting the productivity of the CBM wells in the Laochang mining area.
A data‐driven memory model for solving turbulent flows with the pseudo‐direct numerical simulation method
Authors: Larreteguy Axel E. , Gimenez Juan M. , Nigro Norberto M. , Sívori Francisco M. , Idelsohn Sergio R. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTIt is well known that the inherent three‐dimensional and unsteady nature of turbulent flows is a stumbling block for all approaches aimed at resolving their spatial and temporal variability. The pseudo‐direct numerical simulation (P‐DNS) method for turbulent flows, proposed by the authors in a previous publication, focused on resolving the spatial variability, leaving the task of solving the temporal evolution to a highly simplified, parameter dependent model, to be adjusted in a case by case basis. Although some auspicious results were obtained, the applicability of P‐DNS for problems of industrial interest required a more sophisticated method to deal with the temporal variability. In this sense, the present work proposes a new, parameter free, data‐driven memory model for P‐DNS. The model is based on the study of off‐line DNS solutions of turbulent flows transitioning between statistically steady states in simple domains. The new P‐DNS model is tested and successfully compared against existing methods in selected three‐dimensional turbulent flows.
GA4GH Phenopackets: A Practical Introduction
Authors: Ladewig Markus S. , Jacobsen Julius O. B. , Wagner Alex H. , Danis Daniel , El Kassaby Baha , Gargano Michael , Groza Tudor , Baudis Michael , Steinhaus Robin , Seelow Dominik , Bechrakis Nikolaos E. , Mungall Christopher J. , Schofield Paul N. , Elemento Olivier , Smith Lindsay , McMurry Julie A. , Munoz‐Torres Monica , Haendel Melissa A. , Robinson Peter N. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH) is developing a suite of coordinated standards for genomics for healthcare. The Phenopacket is a new GA4GH standard for sharing disease and phenotype information that characterizes an individual person, linking that individual to detailed phenotypic descriptions, genetic information, diagnoses, and treatments. A detailed example is presented that illustrates how to use the schema to represent the clinical course of a patient with retinoblastoma, including demographic information, the clinical diagnosis, phenotypic features and clinical measurements, an examination of the extirpated tumor, therapies, and the results of genomic analysis. The Phenopacket Schema, together with other GA4GH data and technical standards, will enable data exchange and provide a foundation for the computational analysis of disease and phenotype information to improve our ability to diagnose and conduct research on all types of disorders, including cancer and rare diseases.
An investigation into managerial support for the psychological wellbeing of national health service doctors during the Covid‐19 pandemic: A cross sectional study
Authors: Jabbar Salman Ahmed Abdul , Marshall Carol 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimThis study investigates the psychological wellbeing of United Kingdom National Health Service doctors during the Covid‐19 pandemic and evaluates how they have been supported managerially.MethodA mixed‐method sequential study design of online surveys and semi‐structured interviews was employed between July‐August 2020, with a response rate of 273/300 and 4/4 respectively. The Warwick‐Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS) and Health and Safety Executive Management Standards (HSE MS) were used as measuring tools. The Jobs Demands Resource (JD‐R) model and its relation to psychological wellbeing was determined. Survey findings informed semi‐structured interviews, coded using thematic analysis.ResultsOverall mean WEMWBS, 43.2 (SD = 9.44), was low as was mean managerial support, 2.38 (SD = 0.78). Overall mean clinical demand score was high (2.6 on reverse scale). First year female trainee respondents from frontline specialties were found to have low psychological wellbeing scores. Key correlations were found between high managerial support, low clinical demands and low psychological wellbeing (r > 0.6). Core themes emerged: (1) breakdown of leadership, (2) vulnerability of wellbeing without support, (3) suboptimal navigation through change and (4) poor physical and human resource management.ConclusionMaintaining the psychological wellbeing of doctors requires physical and psychological resources to meet clinical demands and the enhancement of fundamental managerial principles of control, communication, change management and leadership through adversity.
Applying embedded program evaluation for care delivery transformation: An analysis of a home‐based urgent care program
Authors: Carlson Lucas C. , Pu Charles T. , Mark Eden , Gao Ya , Nussbaum Lisa , Vogeli Christine 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn 2014, Mass General Brigham, formerly Partners HealthCare, launched a novel urgent home‐based medical care program to provide rapid medical evaluation and treatment to homebound patients and older adults with frailty or limited mobility named the partners mobile observation unit (PMOU) program.MethodsWe conducted a pragmatic, embedded evaluation assessing the impact of PMOU on postreferral utilization and total medical expenditure (TME). We used propensity weighting and logistic regression to estimate the 30‐day adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of emergency department (ED) utilization and inpatient medical hospitalization for patients enrolled in PMOU (891 episodes of care) relative to those who were referred but not enrolled in the program (57 episodes of care) during the period of April 2017 to June 2018. We additionally conducted a difference‐in‐differences analysis assessing program impact on TME, comparing claims data 30 days pre/post referral.ResultsDespite positive trends, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups with regard to postreferral ED visits or hospitalizations, with an OR of 0.83 (p = 0.56) and OR of 0.64 (p = 0.21), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in pre/post referral TME for intervention relative to control episodes (p = 0.64). In post hoc analysis of control episodes, 75% received care elsewhere within 14 days of referral.ConclusionAlthough the results suggested positive trends, this analysis of this relatively mature program was unable to identify statistically significant reductions in ED visits, hospitalizations, or TME associated with the PMOU program. Future efforts to build home‐based urgent care programs or related programs targeting older adults with frailty or limited mobility should aim to improve patient targeting and identify opportunities to improve program operations and generate meaningful reductions in healthcare utilization and spending.