bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PHYTOCHEMICALS, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CENTELLA ASIATICA EXTRACTED BY SOLVENT-FREE MICROWAVE EXTRACTION
Authors: Idris Farhana Nazira , Abd Shukor Syamsul Rizal , Mohd Nadzir Masrina 
Published: December 2022

Solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) is a green extraction method that requires no solvent and has a short extraction time. This study extracted Centella asiatica using SFME and analysed the extract for its phytoconstituents, phenolic content, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity. Extraction of 20 g fresh C. asiatica by SFME was carried out for 15 min at 300 W, under vacuum and with stirring. Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) demonstrated that the extract contained phytonutrients such as flavonoids, polyphenol, tannins, and volatile oils. The extract from SFME also produced an IC50 of 0.06 mg/ml and 10.75±0.61 mg GAE/g dry weight of TPC. Using the disc diffusion method, the extract of C. asiatica also exhibited antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter sp., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus japonicus. This study showed that the C. asiatica extract from SFME retained the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties but in a shorter extraction time and without any solvent. As a result, using green extraction to extract this plant can help to preserve its nutritional content and valuable compounds, which is essential when formulating pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic products.
A Sampling Inspection Plan for Continuous Production
Authors: Dodge H. F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The plan of sampling inspection, described for individual parts, subassemblies, finished articles, and the like, is intended primarily for use in process inspection where there must be assurance that the percentage of defective units is kept down to a low prescribed figure. The system is particularly applicable to products manufactured by conveyer or similar straight-line continuous processes. The object of the plan is to establish a limiting value of “average outgoing quality,” expressed as a percentage of defective units, which will not be exceeded no matter what quality may be submitted to the inspector.
Problems of Construction and Alternate Substitutions in Wood Aircraft
Authors: Stevens J. M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Some of the problems coincident with the greatly expanded use of wood and plywood in aircraft construction are discussed in this paper. A greater use of certain approved alternate wood species in place of spruce and other critical aircraft materials is advocated. Several specific examples of what can be accomplished in the way of simplifying and standardizing the construction of flat and molded plywood constructions are presented.
Analysis of Stretch-Forming Double-Curved Sheet-Metal Parts
Authors: Glassco R. B. , Myklestad N. O. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Double-curved surfaces, typical in airplane design, are classified according to direction of curvature. A qualitative stress analysis is made of stretch-forming (process of clamping metal sheet at two opposite edges and forcing a punch into the taut sheet) each class of surface, with special reference to the stress transverse to the direction of restraint. It is shown that there are two distinctly different sources of transverse stress during stretching. The resultant stress may be tension or compression, depending upon the direction and amount of curvature. When the resultant transverse stress is compression, undesirable wrinkling of the sheet may occur.
Plastic Plywoods in Aircraft Construction
Authors: Hiscocks R. D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Using a typical fuselage fabricated from plastic plywood and veneer as an example, the author indicates the general procedure followed in building wood aircraft. Basic design problems were solved by extensive investigations and tests conducted by the National Research Council. A method is described for fabricating disposable fuel tanks for fighter planes from veneer and plywood, as representing the wide range of possiblities of wood in war and postwar industry.
Wear-Resisting Materials for Lathe Construction
Authors: Dayton R. W. , Lorig C. H. , Adams R. E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
It was found, from tests of all the materials now in general use as the bearing surfaces of lathes, that the combination of hardened steel and alloy cast iron was far more wear-resistant than others and was adequately scoring-resistant.
A process referred to as “flame refining” was developed for improving the wear resistance of cast iron. An iron treated by this process and used with hardened steel formed the best combination tested, having greatly improved wear resistance and scoring resistance.
A wear test in simulated lathe service confirmed the earlier work and also showed that for minimum wear of a combination containing cast iron and hardened steel, the steel should form the carriage surface and the cast iron the bed surface.
Radiation Pyrometry in Turbosupercharger Testing
Authors: Head V. P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
With increase in operating temperatures and speeds of turbines such as are used in turbosuperchargers, the demands for turbine-wheel and bucket temperature measurement have become increasingly exacting. Requests appear for such measurements under operating conditions with measurement tolerances varying from ±50 F in flight test to ±5 F in certain ground tests. This paper outlines the procedures used for measurements ranging from as low as 300 F up.
Maintenance of Hydroelectric Generating Units
Authors: Bragg George H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper covers the complete overhaul of a 40,000-hp vertical Francis-type hydraulic turbine, operating under 454 ft head to drive a 35,000-kva generator at 257 rpm. Some of the work done was to repair normal wear due to operation over a 20-year period. Other work was of a corrective nature modifying the original design to include improvements found desirable after prolonged operation. Interesting problems were met and solved in some of the work, which involved the handling of heavy parts, and in the use of materials not originally included in the design of the unit.
Bursting Tests of Steam-Turbine Disk Wheels
Authors: Robinson Ernest L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Bursting tests on model disks of steam-turbine-rotor material both with and without a central hole show that the average hoop stress at bursting speed for a good alloy steel is likely to exceed the tensile strength of the material as determined in an ordinary tensile test whether or not the hole is present. With a good turbine-wheel material, the maximum stress at bursting speed in a flat disk, calculated on the basis of elastic theory, greatly exceeds the tensile strength of the material; and if there is a central hole, it is more than double the tensile strength. Thus a comparison of tensile strength with average hoop stress in a wheel gives a fairly reasonable estimate of the factor of safety against actual bursting. Test results are also given on low-carbon and on high-alloy materials.
“Temp-turb” Temperature-Control System
Authors: Campbell J. R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The “Temp-turb” system of temperature control, described in this paper, consists basically of a means for utilizing the kinetic energy in a flowing fluid in a manner to control the temperature of the fluid. A turbine wheel, the blades of which change their position with temperature changes, has all, or a sample of the flowing fluid, passed through it. Direction of rotation, rate of rotation, and torque output are a function of temperature when fluid-flow rate is constant. Power available from the turbine wheel actuates the valves which determine the fluid temperature.
Effect of Some Environmental Conditions on the Mechanical Properties of Cellulose Acetate and Cellulose Nitrate Plastic Sheets
Authors: Lawton T. S. , Carswell T. S. , Nason H. K. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The effect of ambient temperature, relative humidity, testing speed, and sheet thickness on the tensile properties, and of temperature on the compressive, flexural, shear, and impact properties of cellulose acetate and cellulose nitrate plastic sheets is shown in detail, and the general nature of these effects is summarized.
Boiler Nozzles and Valve Inlets for Maximum-Capacity Safety Valves
Authors: Falls E. K. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper gives results of a developmental program for a safety-valve design which would be capable of discharging the greatest amount of fluid that could flow through a given size inlet, within the limitations imposed by entrance conditions of pressure, and either temperature or quality. Conditions were determined which would guarantee satisfactory performance, and also those which might possibly contribute to poor entrance conditions of the design developed, or any other design using the same inlet condition. Suggestions are made by the author for consideration when new Boiler Code rules are established for high-capacity valves: (a) Welding rings should be prohibited in boiler-safety-valve nozzles. (b) Rounded-surface entrances are requisite. (c) Welding metal should not interfere with flow at outside edge of entrance surface. (d) Minimum distances from entrance to other surfaces should be specified.
Ignition Through Fuel Beds on Traveling- or Chain-Grate Stokers
Authors: Carman E. P. , Reid W. T. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Within recent times as part of its exhaustive studies on the burning of solid fuels on grates, the Bureau of Mines has investigated the factors affecting the burning of fuels on the cross-feed principle. Small-scale laboratory experiments, where the many variables could be closely controlled, have furnished information on the behavior of various fuels on traveling-grate stokers. Out of the wide range of results obtained, the present paper is limited generally to the study of ignition travel through a fuel bed and to important factors affecting it. Later reports will cover other phases of the investigation.
Presentation of Centrifugal-Compressor Performance in Terms of Nondimensional Relationships
Authors: Del Mar B. E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The common difficulties encountered in handling performance information on centrifugal compressors or superchargers are overcome by a new and novel form of performance presentation introduced in this paper. Nondimensional coefficients which embody measured test quantities are derived and performance presentation is made using values of these coefficients on a single combined chart. From this chart the pressure, temperature, flow, speed, and power quantities, associated with a given blower, may be predicted over a broad range of inlet and discharge conditions. Particular facility is offered for orientation with respect to operation at peak efficiencies, for avoidance of surge limits, and for direct performance comparison among different compressors.
A Pneumatic Piston-Ring Gage for Radial-Pressure Measurement
Authors: Exline P. G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper describes an instrument for indicating the radial pressure distribution of piston rings. The piston ring is supported at eighteen equally spaced points by flat-faced pins located around the circumference of a circle of the same size as the engine cylinder. The force exerted on each pin by the ring is measured by a self-balancing pneumatic device which simultaneously indicates all the forces on a row of eighteen manometers. The rapidity with which the measurements can be made makes the instrument suitable for production inspection.
Testing of Precision-Lathe Spindles
Authors: Eoley G. M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
During the war the aircraft industry has demanded the mass production of parts to tolerances previously possible only from the most highly skilled workmanship. In the case of small parts, the tolerances, stated in absolute units, are of the smallest order. This situation led the Bunting Brass and Bronze Company, producer of small bushings, to sponsor research on the design and performance of small precision-lathe spindles, in order that improvements might be made which would result in the production of parts to closer tolerances than had previously been achieved. This paper describes the development and operation of spindle-testing equipment capable of measuring continuously and at any speed changes in the position of the spindle axis relative to the quill as small as one microinch.
Instability of Thin-Walled Tubes Subjected to Internal Pressure
Authors: Espey G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A preceding paper advances the criterion that the maximum-load or pressure conception of instability is applicable to geometrical shapes other than the tensile test. This paper presents experimental analysis to support the theoretical conception advanced for the necking of tubing subjected to pure longitudinal tension, to balanced biaxial tension, and to plane strain with the major strain being circumferential. It also shows that the stress-strain curve in uniaxial tension can be used to predict the necking strain for tubing under various stress states.
The Supply of Air to Coal-Fired Steam Locomotives
Authors: Sherman R. A. , Browne W. H. , Engdahl R. B. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
As part of the program of research for Bituminous Coal Research, Inc., means by which the performance of coal-fired steam locomotives can be improved are being investigated. Because of the importance of the method and of the rate of supply of air in any combustion process, an analysis has been made of the factors that govern the supply of air to the locomotive by its unique method of discharge of the exhaust steam to the stack through the front-end nozzle. The analysis shows that for any given front-end arrangement and locomotive, there is a definite upper limit of output of the locomotive at which the weight of air supplied will equal that required for the fuel burned. A similar but lower limit applies on the basis of fuel fired. Below these limits the percentage of excess air will increase with decreasing output of the locomotive; above the limits there will be a deficiency of air. The position of the limits is determined by the performance characteristics of the engine, of the boiler, and of the front-end arrangement. A program of research is outlined which is aimed to supply information (a) on the design of front ends for maximum combustion efficiency through proper excess air and minimum carry-over of cinders, and for maximum power output through reduction in back pressure on the cylinders, and (b) on the merits of overfire air in improving combustion efficiency through reduction in carry-over of cinders.
Rotational Drop-Testing of Airplane Main Landing Gear
Authors: Gayman W. H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The immediate physical objectives of drop-testing are presented, together with a general method for conducting rotational tests that have proper contact velocity and energy relationships coincidental with the absence of undesirable dynamic reactions at the pivot axis. Application of the method to tests of the main landing gear of the Models PV-1 and PV-2 patrol bombers is discussed. Conclusions drawn from dynamic-load measurements emphasize the possibility of attaining excessive loads in the drag-resisting structure when the impact surface is horizontal and the gear is inclined to simulate resultant loading of any particular design condition. It is implied that the practice of dropping the test gear on an inclined platform during translational drop tests may result in un-conservative loading unless deliberate compensation is afforded.
Traumatic encephalopathy syndrome: application of new criteria to a cohort exposed to repetitive head impacts
Authors: Ritter Aaron , Shan Guogen , Montes Arturo , Randall Rebekah , Bernick Charles 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveTo examine the characteristics of those who fulfil the recent National Institute of Neurological Disease and Stroke (NINDS) Consensus Diagnostic Criteria for Traumatic Encephalopathy Syndrome (TES) and test whether they show differences in MRI-based regional brain volumes, cognitive domains, and certain plasma biomarkers.MethodsProfessional fighters 35 years of age or older and/or retired were included. Participants were categorised as either having TES (TES+) or not (non-TES). TES+ participants were further subtyped by their cognitive profile. Multiple linear regression models were used to compare MRI-based regional brain volumes, cognitive performance, plasma tau and neurofilament light levels between TES– and TES+ groups.Results176 participants (110 boxers and 66 MMA) were included in the analysis. 72 (41%)/176 were categorised as having TES, the likelihood of TES increasing with age. TES+ participants tended to be boxers, started fighting at a younger age, had more professional fights and knocked out more frequently. The TES+ group had lower regional brain volumes including both grey and white matter structures. TES+ also had lower scores on simple and choice reaction time, psychomotor speed and Trails A .ConclusionThe new TES criteria does distinguish a group of fighters with differences in regional brain volumes and reduced cognitive function. Our findings support the use of the NINDS criteria for TES in further research of the long-term effects of repetitive head impacts.
New-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) in paediatric patients: causes, characteristics and outcomes
Authors: Tainski de Azevedo Ana Luiza , Tedesco Tonial Cristian , Andrades Gabriela Rupp Hanzen , Abud Drumond Costa Caroline , Crestani Francielly , Rodrigues Lessa Alessandra , Bruno Francisco , Carvalho Paulo , Eckert Guilherme , Piva Jeferson , Celiny Ramos Garcia Pedro 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundNew-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) refers to patients without a previous history of seizures who have refractory status epilepticus for at least 72 hours without an identified aetiology. Despite the severe neurological sequelae of NORSE, little is known about this condition in paediatric patients.ObjectiveTo describe the profile of paediatric patients with NORSE, the profile of seizures, possible causes attributed to this condition, treatments offered to patients and the outcomes at discharge from the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU).MethodsThis retrospective, multicentre, descriptive study (case series) was conducted in the PICUs of three tertiary hospitals. We reviewed the medical records of all patients aged 0–16 years admitted to the participating PICUs between December 2013 and December 2017 with refractory status epilepticus, without a previous history of seizures or neurological disease.ResultsFifteen patients (2.4%) had NORSE. The median age of patients was 62.3 (IQR 26.2–75.4) months. All patients experienced prodromes before progressing to refractory status epilepticus. Twelve patients (80%) had fever up to 24 hours before seizures. NORSE was classified as cryptogenic in 66% of patients. Twelve patients were treated with complementary therapies, in addition to anticonvulsants. There was no standardisation in the treatment of patients. The overall mortality rate was 20%.ConclusionsNORSE is associated with high morbidity and mortality, without an identified aetiology in most cases and with a wide range of proposed therapies.
Theory, phenomenology, and experimental avenues for dark showers: a Snowmass 2021 report
Authors: Albouy Guillaume , Barron Jared , Beauchesne Hugues , Bernreuther Elias , Bona Marcella , Cazzaniga Cesare , Cesarotti Cari , Cohen Timothy , de Cosa Annapaola , Curtin David , Demiragli Zeynep , Doglioni Caterina , Elliot Alison , DiPetrillo Karri Folan , Eble Florian , Erice Carlos , Freer Chad , Garcia-Bellido Aran , Gemmell Caleb , Genest Marie-Hélène , di Cortona Giovanni Grilli , Gustavino Giuliano , Hemme Nicoline , Holmes Tova , Kar Deepak , Knapen Simon , Kulkarni Suchita , Lavezzo Luca , Lowette Steven , Maier Benedikt , Mee Seán , Mrenna Stephen , Nair Harikrishnan , Niedziela Jeremi , Papageorgakis Christos , Parmar Nukulsinh , Paus Christoph , Pedro Kevin , Peixoto Ana , Perloff Alexx , Plehn Tilman , Scherb Christiane , Schwaller Pedro , Shelton Jessie , Singh Akanksha , Sinha Sukanya , Sjöstrand Torbjörn , Spourdalakis Aris G. B. , Stolarski Daniel , Strassler Matthew J. , Usachov Andrii , Sierra Carlos Vázquez , Verhaaren Christopher B. , Wang Long 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this work, we consider the case of a strongly coupled dark/hidden sector, which extends the Standard Model (SM) by adding an additional non-Abelian gauge group. These extensions generally contain matter fields, much like the SM quarks, and gauge fields similar to the SM gluons. We focus on the exploration of such sectors where the dark particles are produced at the LHC through a portal and undergo rapid hadronization within the dark sector before decaying back, at least in part and potentially with sizeable lifetimes, to SM particles, giving a range of possibly spectacular signatures such as emerging or semi-visible jets. Other, non-QCD-like scenarios leading to soft unclustered energy patterns or glueballs are also discussed. After a review of the theory, existing benchmarks and constraints, this work addresses how to build consistent benchmarks from the underlying physical parameters and present new developments for the pythia Hidden Valley module, along with jet substructure studies. Finally, a series of improved search strategies is presented in order to pave the way for a better exploration of the dark showers at the LHC.
Solving the $$H_{0}$$ tension in f(T) gravity through Bayesian machine learning
Authors: Aljaf Muhsin , Elizalde Emilio , Khurshudyan Martiros , Myrzakulov Kairat , Zhadyranova Aliya 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBayesian Machine Learning (BML) and strong lensing time delay (SLTD) techniques are used in order to tackle the $$H_{0}$$

H
0

tension in f(T) gravity. The power of BML relies on employing a model-based generative process which already plays an important role in different domains of cosmology and astrophysics, being the present work a further proof of this. Three viable f(T) models are considered: a power law, an exponential, and a squared exponential model. The learned constraints and respective results indicate that the exponential model, $$f(T)=\alpha T_{0}\left( 1-e^{-p T / T_{0}}\right) $$

f

(
T
)

=
α

T
0

1
-

e

-
p
T
/

T
0

, has the capability to solve the $$H_{0}$$

H
0

tension quite efficiently. The forecasting power and robustness of the method are shown by considering different redshift ranges and parameters for the lenses and sources involved. The lesson learned is that these values can strongly affect our understanding of the $$H_{0}$$

H
0

tension, as it does happen in the case of the model considered. The resulting constraints of the learning method are eventually validated by using the observational Hubble data (OHD).