bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between non‐profit hospital community benefit spending and health outcomes
Authors: Wen Grant , Zare Hossein , Eisenberg Matthew D. , Anderson Gerard 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if greater non‐profit hospital spending for community benefits is associated with better health outcomes in the county where they are located.Data Sources and Study SettingCommunity benefit data from IRS Form 990/Schedule H was linked to health outcome data from Area Health Resource Files, Map the Meal Gap, and Medicare claims from the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services at the county level. Counties with at least one non‐profit hospital in the United States from 2015 to 2019 (N = 5469 across the 5 years) were included.Study DesignWe ran multiple regressions on community benefit expenditures linked with the number of health professionals, food insecurity, and adherence to diabetes and hypertension medication for each county.Data CollectionThe three outcomes were chosen based on prior studies of community benefit and a recent survey sent to 12 health care executives across four regions of the U.S. Data on community benefit expenditures and health outcomes were aggregated at the county level.Principal FindingsAverage hospital community benefit spending in 2019 was $63.6 million per county ($255 per capita). Multivariable regression results did not demonstrate significant associations of total community benefit spending with food insecurity or medication adherence for diabetes. Statistically significant associations with the number of health professionals per 1000 (coefficient, 12.10; SE, 0.32; p < 0.001) and medication adherence for hypertension (marginal effect, 0.27; SE, 0.09; p = 0.003) were identified, but both would require very large increases in community benefit spending to meaningfully improve outcomes.ConclusionsDespite varying levels of non‐profit hospital community benefit investment across counties, higher community benefit expenditures are not associated with an improvement in the selected health outcomes at the county level. Hospitals can use this information to reassess community benefit strategies, while federal, state, and local governments can use these findings to redefine the measures of community benefit they use to monitor and grant tax exemption.
Evaluation of a non‐pharmacological interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation and functional restoration program for chronic pain in veterans
Authors: Ward Ralph , Rauch Sheila A. M. , Axon Robert Neal , Saenger Michael S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo conduct a quality improvement evaluation of the Empower Veterans Program (EVP), an interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation/functional restoration program option for functional restoration for high‐impact chronic pain, offered in a large metro‐area Veterans Health Administration (VHA) system.Data SourcesVHA Corporate Data Warehouse electronic medical record data for patients treated by EVP between 2015 and 2019.Evaluation DesignThis retrospective design first compared EVP patients considered engaged or not engaged in completing treatment in terms of demographic characteristics and post‐treatment changes in clinical measures related to opioid use and mental health. We then compared mortality risk between matched groups of treated and untreated patients with chronic pain and concurrent opioid prescriptions using propensity score matching and Cox proportional hazards methods. “Treated” in the matched groups was defined as any level of EVP participation (i.e., both engaged and not engaged).Data Collection/Extraction MethodsWe first identified 1053 EVP patients with 1 year of pre‐and post‐treatment follow‐time and determined their engagement level. From those with chronic pain and prescription opioids, we matched 237 EVP patients to 375 untreated patients.Principal FindingsEngaged patients (57.4% of treated patients), were somewhat older than the non‐engaged (mean age 57.1 vs. 53.7, Cohen's D = 0.30), and achieved lower mean PHQ9 depression scores in the post‐treatment year (9.2 vs. 10.6, Cohen's D = 0.20). Participation in EVP was associated with a 65% lower mortality risk among Veterans with chronic pain and opioid use when compared to the untreated patients: (HR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.75).ConclusionsEVP was associated with a large reduction in mortality risk for Veterans with both chronic pain and opioid use. This result could inform the decision process in a VA station or region when considering providing or expanding access to an interdisciplinary rehabilitation/functional restoration program for chronic pain.
Review article: Ankle intra‐articular haematoma block for reduction of unstable ankle fractures in the emergency department: An integrative review
Authors: Stitt Rebecca , Jull Andrew 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA review was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of the intra‐articular haematoma block (IAHB) for manipulation of ankle fractures in ED. Any study investigating the success of IAHB for ankle fracture reduction published in English was sought. Seven databases were searched. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to quality assess the included studies. Three studies met the inclusion criteria (n = 436 patients). Just one study was a randomised controlled trial (n = 42). The two non‐randomised studies that included the majority of patients were assessed as at high overall risk of bias. The studies reported no significant difference in the overall rate of successful reduction or patient‐reported pain scores between IAHB and procedural sedation groups. A subgroup analysis in one study suggested timelier reduction by 51.4 min (P = 0.01) for fractures involving subluxation when using IAHB, but that more patients with dislocation were reduced on first attempt when using procedural sedation compared to IAHB (74.0% vs 54.8%, P < 0.01). No adverse events were reported from using IAHB, although no study measured events such as joint sepsis or chondrolysis. Findings suggest that IAHB might be safe and effective but the evidence is very limited. High‐quality research is required before IAHB can be considered a routine alternative. However, IAHB could be considered in situations where the risk of procedural sedation outweighs the likely very low risk of chondrolysis.
Molecular diet analysis in mussels and other metazoan filter feeders and an assessment of their utility as natural eDNA samplers
Authors: Weber Sven , Junk Isabelle , Brink Lukas , Wörner Manuel , Künzel Sven , Veith Michael , Teubner Diana , Klein Roland , Paulus Martin , Krehenwinkel Henrik 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMolecular gut content analysis is a popular tool to study food web interactions and has recently been suggested as an alternative source for DNA‐based biomonitoring. However, the overabundant consumer's DNA often outcompetes that of its diet during PCR. Lineage‐specific primers are an efficient means to reduce consumer amplification while retaining broad specificity for dietary taxa. Here, we designed an amplicon sequencing assay to monitor the eukaryotic diet of mussels and other metazoan filter feeders and explore the utility of mussels as natural eDNA samplers to monitor planktonic communities. We designed several lineage‐specific rDNA primers with broad taxonomic suitability for eukaryotes. The primers were tested using DNA extracts of different limnic and marine mussel species and the results compared to eDNA water samples collected next to the mussel colonies. In addition, we analysed several 25‐year time series samples of mussels from German rivers. Our primer sets efficiently prevent the amplification of mussels and other metazoans. The recovered DNA reflects a broad dietary preference across the eukaryotic tree of life and considerable taxonomic overlap with filtered water samples. We also show the utility of a reversed version of our primers, which prevents amplification of nonmetazoan taxa from complex eukaryote community samples, by enriching fauna associated with the marine brown algae Fucus vesiculosus. Our protocol will enable large‐scale dietary analysis in metazoan filter feeders, facilitate aquatic food web analysis and allow surveying of aquacultures for pathogens. Moreover, we show that mussels and other aquatic filter feeders can serve as complementary DNA source for biomonitoring.
Nuclear war as a predictable surprise
Authors: Rendall Matthew 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLike asteroids, hundred‐year floods and pandemic disease, thermonuclear war is a low‐frequency, high‐impact threat. In the long run, catastrophe is inevitable if nothing is done − yet each successive government and generation may fail to address it. Drawing on risk perception research, this paper argues that psychological biases cause the threat of nuclear war to receive less attention than it deserves. Nuclear deterrence is, moreover, a ‘front‐loaded good’: its benefits accrue disproportionately to proximate generations, whereas much of the expected cost will be borne in the distant future. Recent surveys indicate that the US and Russian publics assign a surprisingly high likelihood to nuclear war. Nevertheless, earlier research suggests that it is probably not believed to be just around the corner. This, along with the absence of easy solutions, encourages governments and publics to give priority to more pressing concerns. The danger is that the pattern will continue clear up to the point that nuclear war arrives.
Circ_0002476 regulates cell growth, invasion, and mtDNA damage in non–small cell lung cancer by targeting miR‐1182/TFAM axis
Authors: Wang Weijie , Sun Haiting , Ma Xuan , Zhu Ting , Zhang Haina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundMany circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified as potential targets for cancer therapy. However, the role of circ_0002476 in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression has not been explored.MethodsThe expression levels of circ_0002476, microRNA (miR)‐1182, and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) were detected by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Cell functions were measured by cell counting kit 8 assay, EdU assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry and transwell assay. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage was assessed by measuring mtDNA copy number and transcript levels of ND1 and ATP6. Protein expression was examined by western blot. The interaction between miR‐1182 and circ_0002476 or TFAM was detected by dual‐luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull‐down assay. Animal experiments were performed to explore circ_0002476 role in vivo. Exosomes (Exs) were extracted and identified by transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis.ResultsCirc_0002476 was overexpressed in NSCLC tissues and cells. Circ_0002476 knockdown suppressed NSCLC cell proliferation and invasion, while promoted apoptosis and mtDNA damage. Circ_0002476 could sponge miR‐1182, and miR‐1182 inhibitor reversed the influence induced by circ_0002476 knockdown. Moreover, TFAM was targeted by miR‐1182, and miR‐1182 hindered NSCLC cell progression by regulating TFAM. Additionally, circ_0002476 silencing could reduce NSCLC tumor growth by miR‐1182/TFAM. Further analyzed showed that Exs were involved in the transport of circ_0002476 between cells.ConclusionTaken together, our findings suggested that circ_0002476 might be a potential molecular target for NSCLC treatment.
Importance of Bmal1 in Alzheimer's disease and associated aging‐related diseases: Mechanisms and interventions
Authors: Fan Rongping , Peng Xuemin , Xie Lei , Dong Kun , Ma Delin , Xu Weijie , Shi Xiaoli , Zhang Shujun , Chen Juan , Yu Xuefeng , Yang Yan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWith the aging world population, the prevalence of aging‐related disorders is on the rise. Diseases such as Alzheimer's, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), Parkinson's, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and osteoarthritis are age‐related, and most of these diseases are comorbidities or risk factors for AD; however, our understandings of molecular events that regulate the occurrence of these diseases are still not fully understood. Brain and muscle Arnt‐like protein‐1 (Bmal1) is an irreplaceable clock gene that governs multiple important physiological processes. Continuous research of Bmal1 in AD and associated aging‐related diseases is ongoing, and this review picks relevant studies on a detailed account of its role and mechanisms in these diseases. Oxidative stress and inflammation turned out to be common mechanisms by which Bmal1 deficiency promotes AD and associated aging‐related diseases, and other Bmal1‐dependent mechanisms remain to be identified. Promising therapeutic strategies involved in the regulation of Bmal1 are provided, including melatonin, natural compounds, metformin, d‐Ser2‐oxyntomodulin, and other interventions, such as exercise, time‐restricted feeding, and adiponectin. The establishment of the signaling pathway network for Bmal1 in aging‐related diseases will lead to advances in the comprehension of the molecular and cellular mechanisms, shedding light on novel treatments for aging‐related diseases and promoting aging‐associated brain health.
The impact of implementing patient‐reported measures in routine maternity care: a systematic review
Authors: Chen An , Väyrynen Kirsi , Schmidt Alexandra , Leskelä Riikka‐Leena , Torkki Paulus , Heinonen Seppo , Tekay Aydin , Acharya Ganesh 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionWhile there is growing interest in applying patient‐reported measures (PRMs) in clinical routine, limited collective evidence of the impact of PRMs hinder their widespread use in specific contexts, such as maternity care. Our objective was to synthesize existing emperical evidence on the impact of implementing PRMs in routine maternity care.Material and methodsWe followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses guidelines (version 2020). We electronically searched six databases for the literature on the implementation of PRMs in maternity care. A multi‐level (woman, clinical, organizational, national and societal) analytic framework for analyzing and synthesizing emperically proven impacts of PRMs was developed. Quality was assessed using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool. The GRADE‐CERQual approach was used to assess the confidence in the review findings and arguments. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021234501).ResultsOverall, 4971 articles were screened. The emperical evidence, collected from 11 relevant studies, showed that the use of PRMs in routine maternity care could produce positive effects on clinical process (assessment and detection of health problems, clinical visit preparation, resource use, woman–professional communication, decision‐making, woman–professional relationship, and care quality), and health behavior and outcomes (women's health and wellbeing, quality of life, health behavior, experiences and satisfaction with healthcare services), awareness, engagement and self‐management of own health, and disclosure of health issues. The confidence in the review findings was low to moderate due to a limited number of studies, inadequate data and methodological limitations of included studies.ConclusionsThe limited emperical evidence available suggested that the use of PRMs may have positive effects at the individual health level and clinical process level. However, the evidence was not strong enough to provide policy recommendations on the use of PRMs in routine maternity care. This review revealed limitations of currently available research, such as lack of generalizability and narrow scopes in investigating impact. Efforts are needed to improve the quality of research on the use of PRMs in routine maternity care by widening the study population, including different types of PRMs, and considering the effects of PRMs at different levels and domains of healthcare.
Staging the bipolar disorders: Are early stages at too early a stage for intervention?
Authors: Parker Gordon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesA number of staging models have been generated for the bipolar disorders, which include pre‐onset as well as post‐onset stages. Some models propose treatments for those at the pre‐onset stage, a recommendation which is critiqued here.MethodsSeveral exemplar staging models are overviewed, and a critique is provided.ResultsThe critique argues against intervention at a pre‐onset stage, in light of there being limited risk factors, unquantified sensitivity and specificity data for most putative onset illness risk factors, and thus there is the risk of overtreatment. Also, it is possible that many of the recommended interventions for those at risk of a bipolar disorder may have general non‐specific benefits for those at risk.ConclusionsWhile retaining a pre‐onset phase in the staging model, it would appear wiser for it to not be populated with recommended interventions until they have a firmer empirical base.
Diversity in habit expands the environmental niche of Ziziphus (Rhamnaceae)
Authors: Rickenback Jess , Pennington R. Toby , Lehmann Caroline E. R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractZiziphus (Rhamnaceae) is a widely distributed genus across the Australasian and African tropics with unusual diversity in habit, and many species of significance to people. Here, we quantify the environmental limits of Ziziphus species and examine inter‐specific relationships among functional traits, environment, biome, and range size. We developed a curated geolocation database for Ziziphus and used it to examine the environmental limits of the genus relative to temperature, rainfall, and seasonality. To assess the relationship between biome and habit, permutational analysis of variance was used, while hierarchical clustering was used to determine whether habit, leaves, and fruit traits were related to biome. For 40 species with adequate geolocation data, range size was calculated to assess its relationship with habit, biomes, and cultivation. Finally, niche identity tests were used to determine niche equivalency among cultivated and non‐cultivated species. Liana species are restricted to closed forests and the geoxylic habit is found only in open grasslands. Further, habit is significantly associated with range size, with trees having on average larger range sizes than shrubs, lianas, and geoxyles, but biome was not correlated with range size. Cultivated species have ranges ~10 times that of non‐cultivated tree species and with significantly different and broader environmental niches. The unusually wide distribution of Ziziphus can be explained by its diversity of habits associated with different biomes spanning continents. This, along with the usage of many Ziziphus species by people for their fruits, expands the range and environmental occupation of the genus.
Risk‐adapted stereotactic body radiotherapy for patients with cervical spinal metastases
Authors: Wang Huan‐Huan , Tian Shou‐Sen , Yang Jia‐Min , Sun Bing‐Sheng , Chen Ying , Song Yong‐Chun , Dong Yang , Wang Jing‐Sheng , Yuan Zhi‐Yong , Cui Yao‐Li , Meng Mao‐Bin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOwing to the complex anatomical structure and biomechanics, the current standard palliative treatments for cervical spinal metastases are associated with a high risk of recurrence and complications. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) can provide radical dose to tumors while protecting normal organs to the maximum extent. However, the efficacy and safety of SBRT for cervical spinal metastases is not well characterized. Data from 71 patients with cervical spine metastases who were treated with SBRT using CyberKnife between 2006 and 2021 were obtained from our prospectively maintained database. Primary endpoint was pain response at 12 weeks following SBRT completion; secondary endpoints included local control (LC), overall survival (OS), and adverse events. Standard‐risk patients were planned to receive 30 Gy (range 21–36) with median fractions of 3 (range 1–3) and high‐risk patients 35 Gy (range 24–50) with median fractions of 5 (range 4–5) according to the spinal cord and esophagus dose constraints. The median follow‐up time was 17.07 months (range 3.1–118.9). After 12 weeks of SBRT completion, 54 (98.2%) of 55 patients with baseline pain achieved pain response and 46 (83.6%) achieved complete pain response. LC rates were 93.1% and 90% at 1 year and 2 year, respectively. The 1‐year and 2‐year OS rates were 66.2% and 37.4%, respectively. Eight patients experienced grades 1–4 adverse events (six vertebral compression fracture [VCF], five of them had VCF before SBRT; and two hemiparesis). No grade 5 adverse events were observed. Therefore, risk‐adapted SBRT for cervical spine metastases achieved high pain control and LC rates with acceptable adverse events.
Suppression of high mobility group box 1 in B16F10 tumor does not inhibit the induction of neoantigen‐specific T cells
Authors: Waki Kayoko , Ozawa Miyako , Yamada Akira 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAccumulated clinical data of immune checkpoint blockades have suggested the importance of neoantigens in cancer immunity. Tumor antigens are released from dead cancer cells together with cellular components, such as damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), into the tumor microenvironment. We recently reported that high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a representative DAMP molecule, showed a negative impact on anti‐tumor immunity. However, a positive role of HMGB1 in the initiation of innate and subsequent adaptive immunity has also been demonstrated; thus, the effects of HMGB1 on anti‐tumor immunity have not been well understood. In this study, we identified nine immunogenic neoantigen epitopes of B16F10 murine melanoma cells and subsequently investigated the effects of suppression of HMGB1 on the induction of neoantigen‐specific immunity using HMGB1‐knockout tumors. Neoantigen‐reactive T cells were expanded in B16F10 tumor‐bearing mice, and T cell receptor repertoire analysis suggested that neoantigen‐reactive T cells were oligo‐clonally increased in B16F10 tumor bearers. An increase of neoantigen‐reactive T cells and oligoclonal expansion of the T cells were similarly detected in HMGB1‐knockout tumor‐bearing mice. The induction of neoantigen‐specific immunity under the suppression of HMGB1 in the tumor microenvironment shown in this study supports further development of combination therapy of HMGB1 suppression with neoantigen‐targeted cancer immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint blockade therapy.
Ecological validity in measuring parents’ executive function
Authors: Diercks Catherine M. , Gunther Kelley E. , Teti Douglas M. , Lunkenheimer Erika 
Published: September 2022

AbstractParents' executive functions (EFs), or cognitive skills facilitating thought and behavior management, are meaningful correlates of parenting behavior. EFs are theorized to support parents in inhibiting reactive responses, managing information during parent–child interactions, and adapting to novel developmental demands. Less effective EFs associate with risk for harsh parenting and physical abuse, underscoring the importance of research on parental EFs in promoting healthy child development. Yet, despite the strong theory, findings are mixed and reveal only modest effect sizes in relations between EFs and parenting. One explanation may be a lack of ecological validity in measuring parental EFs. Traditional measures of adult EFs have been used, but these are decontextualized and do not reflect the cognitively and emotionally demanding nature of parenting. In this article, we argue that new and adapted measures are needed. We discuss the role of EFs in parenting, review measurement, and offer suggestions for improvements in ecological validity.