bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of dissociative adsorption on effectiveness factors of porous catalysts
Authors: Soares André Von‐Held 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe actual concentration profile of a reacting fluid inside a porous catalyst is something of a mystery. However, there are powerful models to predict the concentration distribution, and effectiveness factor as a function of the Thiele modulus. This work provides a model for the porous catalyst particle considering heterogeneous kinetics for steady‐state Langmuir‐Hinshelwood rate expressions, including the cases when adsorption stoichiometry is other than 1:1, as for dissociative adsorption (1:2), which have not been covered by the preceding literature. The isothermal and the non‐isothermal particles are considered. Numerical solutions for the concentration profile of a limiting reactant were calculated by three methods: finite differences with Newton‐Raphson recursion, Chebyshev orthogonal collocation, and integration by Adams method as done by Weisz and Hicks. The Weisz‐Hicks method outperformed the other two. Plots show the results for specific cases, which are briefly discussed. Adsorption stoichiometry and pellet geometry are of paramount importance for the assessment of effectiveness factors. The results demonstrate that the effectiveness of a catalyst pellet with prevalent dissociative adsorption of a reactant is always inferior to the effectiveness with prevalent simple adsorption.
Distributed Li‐Ion Flux Enabled by Sulfonated Covalent Organic Frameworks for High‐Performance Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Han Diandian , Yang Xiubei , Li Kuokuo , Sun Linhai , Hou Tian , Zhang Lin , Sun Yanyun , Zhai Lipeng , Mi Liwei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMetallic Li is considered the most promising anode material for high‐energy‐density batteries owing to its high theoretical capacity and low electrochemical potential. However, inhomogeneous lithium deposition and uncontrollable growth of lithium dendrites result in low lithium utilization, rapid capacity fading, and poor cycling performance. Herein, two sulfonated covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with different sulfonated group contents are synthesized as the multifunctional interlayers in lithium metal batteries. The sulfonic acid groups in the pore channels can serve as Li‐anchoring sites that effectively coordinate Li ions. These periodically arranged subunits significantly guide uniform Li‐ion flux distribution, guarantee smooth Li deposition, and reduce lithium dendrite formation. Consequently, these characteristics afford an excellent quasi‐solid‐state electrolyte with a high ionic conductivity of 1.9 × 10−3 S  cm−1 at room temperature and a superior Li++ transference number of 0.91. A Li/LiFePO4 battery with the COF‐based electrolyte exhibited dendrite‐free Li deposition during the charge process, accompanied by no capacity decay after 100 cycles at 0.1 C.
Choosing legal rules or standards in antitrust enforcement: A proposal for extending and facilitating the use of the decision‐theoretic approach
Authors: Katsoulacos Yannis , Ulph David 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe choice of legal standards (LSs) in antitrust enforcement, to guide the assessment of potentially anticompetitive conduct, in order to decide whether there is liability or not, has been hotly debated for many years. The debate has gained in intensity in recent years as a result of the concerns expressed in many countries with the antitrust treatment of the major digital platforms. This article provides a detailed presentation of a new methodology for defining LSs along the continuum of LSs, depending on the screens assessed at different stages of the continuum. This is followed by a detailed formal examination of how all the pertinent factors that could influence error minimisation interact to determine the optimal LSs for different conducts and markets. The framework can be used to examine how the choice of error minimising LSs depends on the context in which specific conduct types are undertaken.
Effect of abdominal massage on feeding intolerance in patients receiving enteral nutrition: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Jia , Chen Yahong , Xue Hui , Chen Zhiming , Wang Qiuchen , Zhu Mingyue , Yao Jiannan , Yuan Hua , Zhang Xiuying 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of abdominal massage (AM) on feeding intolerance (FI) in patients receiving enteral nutrition (EN).DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsWe searched seven electronic databases to September 2021. STATA and RevMan were used to analyse the data.ResultsEleven studies were included. The results revealed that AM could significantly reduce gastric residual volume and abdominal circumference difference, and reduce the incidence of gastric retention, vomiting, abdominal distention (allp < 0.001), diarrhoea (p = 0.02) and constipation (p = 0.002) in the experimental group. One study reported the incidence of aspiration in the control group was higher, but this was not statistically significant (p = 0.07). The meta‐regression analysis showed there was a statistically significant correlation between intervention personnel and gastric residual volume (p = 0.035).ConclusionAM could reduce the amount and incidence of gastric retention and the changes in abdominal circumference, and significantly reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms, without increasing the incidence of aspiration for EN patients.No Patient or Public Contribution.
Depolymerization of poly(α‐methyl styrene) with ball‐mill grinding
Authors: Jung Eunsong , Yim Daniel , Kim Hyungjun , Peterson Gregory I. , Choi Tae‐Lim 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe development of mild methods to depolymerize polymers has become increasingly important in our current Age of Plastics, and ball‐mill grinding (BMG) is emerging as a promising candidate. In this report, we demonstrate that subjecting poly(α‐methyl styrene) (PMS) to BMG leads to high extents of depolymerization (up to 64 mol% of α‐methyl styrene was produced) with minimal side products after only minutes of grinding. Constrained geometries simulate external force (CoGEF) simulations and radical trapping experiments supported that the depolymerization was initiated by mechanochemical chain scission. Depolymerization proceeded despite bulk temperatures remaining far below that of the ceiling temperature of PMS. Control experiments suggested that the extent of depolymerization was equilibrium controlled. Polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) also underwent depolymerization, although to a much lesser degree (up to 4% monomer produced), presumably due to their much higher ceiling temperatures. This work provides an entry point for further development of BMG as a tool for the depolymerization of vinyl polymers under mild conditions.
Pulmonary hypertension in interstitial lung disease: Clinical trial design and endpoints: A consensus statement from the Pulmonary Vascular Research Institute's Innovative Drug Development Initiative—Group 3 Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Nathan Steven D. , Fernandes Peter , Psotka Mitchell , Vitulo Patrizio , Piccari Lucilla , Antoniou Katerina , Nikkho Sylvia M. , Stockbridge Norman 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with interstitial lung disease (ILD) is an attractive target for clinical trials of PH medications. There are many factors that need to be considered to prime such studies for success. The patient phenotype most likely to respond to the intervention requires weighing the extent of the parenchymal lung disease against the severity of the hemodynamic impairment. The inclusion criteria should not be too restrictive, thus enabling recruitment. The trial should be of sufficient duration to meet the chosen endpoint which should reflect how the patient feels, functions, or survives. This paper summarizes prior studies in PH‐ILD and provides a framework of the type of studies to be considered. Inclusion criteria, clinical trial endpoints, and pharmacovigilance in the context of PH‐ILD trials are also addressed. Through lessons learnt from prior studies, suggestions and guidance for future clinical trials in PH‐ILD are also provided.
Addressing the Silent Spread of Monkeypox Disease with Advanced Analytical Tools
Authors: Bhalla Nikhil , Payam Amir Farokh 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMonkeypox disease is caused by a virus which belongs to the orthopoxvirus genus of the poxviridae family. This disease has recently spread out to several non‐endemic countries. While some cases have been linked to travel from endemic regions, more recent infections are thought to have spread in the community without any travel links, raising the risks of a wider outbreak. This state of public health represents a highly unusual event which requires urgent surveillance. In this context, the opportunities and technological challenges of current bio/chemical sensors, nanomaterials, nanomaterial characterization instruments, and artificially intelligent biosystems collectively called “advanced analytical tools” are reviewed here, which will allow early detection, characterization, and inhibition of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) in the community and limit its expansion from endemic to pandemic. A summary of background information is also provided from biological and epidemiological perspective of monkeypox to support the scientific case for its holistic management using advanced analytical tools.
Oral flora of domestic cats in Hong Kong: Identification of antibiotic‐resistant strains
Authors: Cheung Ka Tik , Chan Hau Yan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAs the clinical outcome of bite‐associated infection is related to the oral commensals, evaluating their composition and antibiotic susceptibility pattern can provide more information for the antibiotic treatment of wound infections and increase the awareness of the multidrug‐resistant bacteria in cat oral flora.AimsThis study was conducted to identify the various bacterial species in the oral cavity of cats. It aimed to identify the composition of cat oral flora and antibiotic resistant bacterial stains.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐two cats were sampled for bacterial evaluation. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry was used to provide rapid and reliable detection and identification of the bacterial species. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed in the identified isolates to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern and to detect the multidrug‐resistant bacteria in the cat oral cavities.ResultsA total of 54 isolates were identified, Pasteurella was the genus most commonly isolated from the oral cavity of cats (19/54, 35.19%), followed by Neisseria spp. (8/54, 14.81%) and Staphylococcus spp. (7/54, 12.96%). Uncommon oral flora were isolated from the samples, including Pasteurella canis, Inquilinus limosus and the Enterobacteriaceae family of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens. Fourteen different multidrug‐resistant bacteria were detected, including Pasteurella species (4/14), Bacillus species (2/14), Neisseria species (3/14), Escherichia species (1/14) and Staphylococcus species (4/14).Discussion and ConclusionsThis study's findings will increase the understanding of the composition of cat oral flora in Hong Kong, which can provide more evidence‐based information for the prophylactic treatment of patients with cat bite infections. Moreover, the study identified and detected the antibiotic resistance pattern and multidrug‐resistant bacteria in the cat oral cavity, which can help cat owners increase their awareness of maintaining regular oral hygiene for their cats to prevent the spread of pathogens from cats to humans.
Efficacy of bear spray as a deterrent against polar bears
Authors: Wilder James M. , Mangipane Lindsey S. , Atwood Todd , Kochnev Anatoly , Smith Tom , Vongraven Dag 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlthough there have been few attempts to systematically analyze information on the use of deterrents on polar bears (Ursus maritimus), understanding their effectiveness in mitigating human‐polar bear conflicts is critical to ensuring both human safety and polar bear conservation. To fill this knowledge gap, we analyzed 19 incidents involving the use of bear spray on free‐ranging polar bears from 1986 to 2019 in Canada, Russia, and the United States to evaluate the effectiveness of bear spray as a polar bear deterrent. We found that bear spray was an effective deterrent in close‐range encounters with polar bears, stopping undesirable behavior in 18 of 19 incidents. Bear spray effectively deterred both curious and aggressive polar bears, including polar bears attempting to attack people. The mean distance between user and bear at the time of spraying was 2 m (min–max = 0.2–10.0 m, mode = 1 m), though bears were usually first seen at greater distances. Bear spray was successfully deployed against polar bears in all 4 seasons. Wind affected spray performance in 1 of 19 of incidents. In 8 of 14 bear spray incidents, other deterrents were used without success before bear spray was used effectively to deter polar bears. No humans or polar bears were killed or injured in any of the incidents in which bear spray was used. We also analyzed 54 polar bear attacks and attempted attacks on humans where bear spray was not carried. The data suggest that in 93% of those incidents, the use of bear spray might have saved the lives of both the people and bears involved if it had been available and used. Our analysis improves our understanding of the effectiveness of bear spray for polar bear conflict mitigation.
Speculative trading, prospect theory and transaction costs
Authors: Tse Alex S. L. , Zheng Harry 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA speculative agent with prospect theory preference chooses the optimal time to purchase and then to sell an indivisible risky asset to maximise the expected utility of the round-trip profit net of transaction costs. The optimisation problem is formulated as a sequential optimal stopping problem, and we provide a complete characterisation of the solution. Depending on the preference and market parameters, the optimal strategy can be “buy and hold”, “buy low, sell high”, “buy high, sell higher” or “no trading”. Behavioural preference and market friction interact in a subtle way which yields surprising implications on the agent’s trading patterns. For example, increasing the market entry fee does not necessarily curb speculative trading, but instead may induce a higher reference point under which the agent becomes more risk-seeking and in turn is more likely to trade.
Solid waste recycling within higher education in developing countries: a case study of the University of Lagos
Authors: Mbama Charles A. , Otegbulu Austin , Beverland Iain , Beattie Tara K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo create a truly circular economy requires a shift from the traditional view of waste disposal to one of resource management. This is particularly important in developing countries, where municipal waste generation is increasing, and efficient recovery of economic value from waste is rarely achieved. Conducted in the University of Lagos (UoL), Nigeria, this study investigated the efficiency of a recycling scheme with the goal of making recommendations to improve the process. UoL’s recycling policy centers around source segregation of waste into color-coded bins. Waste audit was carried out using the output method and interviews were conducted with staff from the waste management team to understand practices on campus. Substantial contamination of colored bins with non-target material was observed. Organics (30%), mixed plastics (28%) and paper (24%) were the most abundant materials, hence have the greatest potential for recovery, and income generation, if segregation rates could be improved. Despite its recycling policy and infrastructure, 99% of UoL waste was going to landfill. Poor policy implementation results in low recovery rates. Targeted waste reduction and increased material recovery would enhance efficiency. Improved awareness of recycling benefits, in addition to policy enforcement, could serve as tools to increase stakeholder participation in recycling.
Establishment and spread of the invasive ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Greece: based on contributions from citizen scientists
Authors: Angelidou Ιoanna , Demetriou Jakovos , Christou Maria , Koutsoukos Evangelos , Kazilas Christos , Georgiades Pantelis , Kalaentzis Konstantinos , Κontodimas Dimitris C. , Groom Quentin , Roy Helen E. , Martinou Angeliki F. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHarmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773), also known as the harlequin ladybird, is an invasive non-native species intentionally introduced to many countries as a biological control agent of agricultural pests. In Greece, H. axyridis was first introduced as a biological control agent in 1994, with releases taking place between 1994 and 2000. For many years there was no evidence to indicate that H. axyridis had established self-sustaining populations. In 2008, a citizen science campaign was initiated aimed at raising awareness regarding the invasive status of H. axyridis to farmers and agronomists. The campaign did not yield results, and it was discontinued in 2011. During this study, the distribution, phenology, and presence of H. axyridis in different habitat types and protected areas in Greece are investigated, using both citizen science data and literature records. Records from iΝaturalist, the Alientoma database and social media examined herein demonstrate that H. axyridis has been established in Greece since 2010. Harmonia axyridis is currently present in 13 administrative districts of Greece, most of them at a considerable distance from the initial release sites. The harlequin ladybird is present in urban and agricultural habitats as well as seventeen NATURA 2000 sites. The adverse socioeconomic and environmental impacts of H. axyridis are briefly discussed alongside suggestions for management activities. Based on our findings, we propose the establishment of a national monitoring scheme for H. axyridis and native ladybirds that will also encourage public participation in recording ladybird observations and provide information on the distribution, spread and impact of this invasive non-native species.
The Growth of Quaternary Divorced Eutectic in Al–Ce–Si–Mg Alloys
Authors: Czerwinski Frank 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The quaternary eutectic reaction in the Al5Ce3Si0.5Mg (wt pct) alloy, not anticipated based on existing phase diagrams and FactSage computational thermodynamic calculations, was revealed and its growth mechanism assessed, emphasizing the key role of minor additions of magnesium. The invariant transformation at 539 °C, L → α(Al) + Si + Al2MgSi/Al2Mg2Si + Al78.9Ce5.9Si12.7Mg2.6, generated an ultrafine morphology of near-spheroidal phases with 50–500 nm in diameter, located individually without the ordered arrangement, being characteristic for the non-coupled growth of divorced nature.
SystemXF: a novel approach for holistic system modeling in aircraft conceptual design
Authors: Gradel Simon , Hansmann Philipp , Stumpf Eike 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn aircraft conceptual design, systems are typically represented by historical regressions without considering system architecture. For novel technologies, this is no longer possible. Alternative approaches are either hard coded solutions for special system architectures or lack the analysis capabilities necessary for conceptual aircraft design. The novel SystemXF approach intends to close this gap by providing a framework for system modeling that is not technology specific and allows for the integration of different analysis disciplines within a single model. A central XML file is used for system specification which can be edited using a SysML interface. A mass estimation and a safety analysis tool are available. An example system which is inspired by a real pitch control system is used to illustrate the method and to show the applicability. This modeling example shows that the proposed model is capable to represent and analyze realistic systems in conceptual aircraft design. The analysis tools can be used for system studies and to provide inputs for a conceptual aircraft design process.
An environmental justice perspective on ecosystem services
Authors: Loos Jacqueline , Benra Felipe , Berbés-Blázquez Marta , Bremer Leah L. , Chan Kai M. A. , Egoh Benis , Felipe-Lucia Maria , Geneletti Davide , Keeler Bonnie , Locatelli Bruno , Loft Lasse , Schröter Barbara , Schröter Matthias , Winkler Klara J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mainstreaming of ecosystem service approaches has been proposed as one path toward sustainable development. Meanwhile, critics of ecosystem services question if the approach can account for the multiple values of ecosystems to diverse groups of people, or for aspects of inter- and intra-generational justice. In particular, an ecosystem service approach often overlooks power dimensions and capabilities that are core to environmental justice. This article addresses the need for greater guidance on incorporating justice into ecosystem services research and practice. We point to the importance of deep engagement with stakeholders and rights holders to disentangle contextual factors that moderate justice outcomes on ecosystem service attribution and appropriation in socio-political interventions. Such a holistic perspective enables the integration of values and knowledge plurality for enhancing justice in ecosystem services research. This broadened perspective paves a way for transformative ecosystem service assessments, management, and research, which can help inform and design governance structures that nourish human agency to sustainably identify, manage, and enjoy ecosystem services for human wellbeing.
Temporal and spatial variation of the stable isotopes in the waters of Sutlej and Beas rivers
Authors: Krishan Gopal , Arya Vinay , Rao Mavidnam Someshwar 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the present study, the spatial and temporal variation of the values of stable isotopes (δ18O and δ2H) of river water and spatial variation of values of groundwater and rainfall have been evaluated. The water samples from seven stations of Sutlej river and Beas river each, fourteen stations of groundwater (deep and shallow), and twelve stations of rainfall were collected at different times from 2008 to 2015. The water samples were analysed for stable isotopes (δ18O and δ2H) and the values were expressed with units per mil (or per thousand). The box and whisker plots of values of δ18O, δ2H, and d-excess for each station of both the rivers Sutlej and Beas were plotted. The isotopic water lines have been used to identify the evaporation and precipitation sources. Kendall’s correlation coefficient has been used to know the similarity in the isotopic composition of different sources. Linear regression was performed between the δ-values of 18O, 2H, d-excess, geographic factors, and climatic factors. The results showed the water of Beas river has enriched values of stable isotopes than the Sutlej river. At each station of both rivers, the isotopic composition varied significantly with time. The regression results did not show any correlation between the δ-values and climate factors indicating the sources of water during different seasons of the year. The regression between δ-values and geographical factors was also weak. Improvement in the value of R2 has taken place when multiple linear regression was done considering latitude, longitude, and elevation as independent variables. Still, the value of R2 is not equal to 1. Multiple linear regression had also been performed considering the rainfall, temperature, and relative humidity together. The isotope characterization of water from different sources is useful for understanding various hydrological processes and the scientific management of the water resources in the study area.