bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of an Overnight Summer Camp on the Quality of Life for Individuals Who Require Ventilatory Support
Authors: Price Jennifer , Lausch Mackenzie , McDowell Lily , Orlando Catherine , Raughley Alyssa , Swank Connor , Creath Robert , Miller Tonya Y. 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
Summer camps are a modality that addresses barriers to social interaction. Although there is a growing amount of evidence supporting camps for individuals with chronic illness, there is no known research on camp experiences for those who require ventilatory support. The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of attending camp on self-esteem, social functioning, emotional functioning, and physical functioning for individuals who require ventilatory support.

Methods:
Eleven participants completed the Pediatric Camp Outcome Measure via an online survey.

Results:
This study found positive correlations between the number of years an individual attended the camp and his or her overall Pediatric Camp Outcome Measure score, as well as social functioning and physical functioning subscales. This study found positive correlations with questions in all subscales with the number of years attending camp.

Conclusion:
Findings suggest that attending summer camp may positively impact the quality of life for individuals who require ventilatory support.
Characterizing Pain Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita
Authors: Sions Jaclyn Megan , Donohoe Maureen , Beisheim-Ryan Emma Haldane , Pohlig Ryan Todd , Shank Tracy Michele , Nichols Louise Reid 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
Primary study objectives were to (a) characterize pain and explore differences between adolescents and adults with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) and (b) evaluate associations between pain-related outcomes and mobility.

Methods:
People who can walk and with AMC completed pain-related questionnaires.

Results:
Sixty-three participants (28 adolescents and 35 young adults) were recruited. Pain was reported in the past week by 81% of participants; intensity ratings were similar between age groups. Per the McGill Pain Questionnaire, pain severity was significantly lower among adolescents. Adults had a greater number of painful regions compared with adolescents. Greater 7-day average pain intensity, McGill Pain Questionnaire scores, and number of painful regions were associated with reduced functional mobility.

Conclusions:
As most adolescents and young adults with AMC have at least mild pain, and pain is associated with mobility, future longitudinal investigations of pain and its functional consequences are warranted.
A Survey of Parents' and Carers' Perceptions of Parenting a Child With Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Authors: Harry Ashley , Johnston Catherine , Twomey Sarah , Wakely Luke 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
To explore parents' and carers' perceptions of parenting a child with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of a questionnaire of parents and carers of children with hip dysplasia. Data analysis was guided by qualitative content analysis.

Results:
There were 753 responses describing a range of parenting experiences. Three themes emerged: arduous parenting, detailed the parenting challenges, both practical and emotional posed by the management of DDH; insufficient understanding, described the social disconnection experienced by the respondents due to a lack of empathy from others; inconsistent guidance, encompassed respondents' reliance on health professionals for information and support, yet frustration at variability in the management of DDH.

Conclusions:
Overall, having to care for a child with DDH has a negative effect on the practice of parenting. Health professionals can support parenting and provide consistent education to assist parents' understanding of the complex nature of DDH management. What this study adds to the evidence: Despite a good prognosis, the diagnosis of hip dysplasia has a negative effect on of parenting. Parents and carers of children with hip dysplasia rely on the support of health professionals but find the associated loss of parenting autonomy distressing.
Free-Breathing Low-Field MRI of the Lungs Detects Functional Alterations Associated With Persistent Symptoms After COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Lévy Simon , Heiss Rafael , Grimm Robert , Grodzki David , Hadler Dominique , Voskrebenzev Andreas , Vogel-Claussen Jens , Fuchs Florian , Strauss Richard , Achenbach Susanne , Hinsen Maximilian , Klett Daniel , Schmid Jonas , Kremer Andreas E. , Uder Michael , Nagel Armin M. , Bickelhaupt Sebastian 
Published: May 2022

Objectives
With the COVID-19 pandemic, repetitive lung examinations have become necessary to follow-up symptoms and associated alterations. Low-field MRI, benefiting from reduced susceptibility effects, is a promising alternative for lung imaging to limit radiations absorbed by patients during CT examinations, which also have limited capability to assess functional alterations. The aim of this investigative study was to explore the functional abnormalities that free-breathing 0.55 T MRI in combination with the phase-resolved functional lung (PREFUL) analysis could identify in patients with persistent symptoms after COVID-19 infection.

Materials and Methods
Seventy-four COVID-19 patients and 8 healthy volunteers were prospectively scanned in free-breathing with a balanced steady-state free-precession sequence optimized at 0.55 T, 5 months postinfection on average. Normalized perfusion (Q), fractional ventilation (FV), and flow-volume loop correlation (FVLc) maps were extracted with the PREFUL technique. Q, FV, and FVLc defects as well as defect overlaps between these metrics were quantified. Morphological turbo-spin-echo images were also acquired, and the extent of abnormalities was scored by a board-certified radiologist. To investigate the functional correlates of persistent symptoms, a recursive feature elimination algorithm was applied to find the most informative variables to detect the presence of persistent symptoms with a logistic regression model and a cross-validation strategy. All MRI metrics, sex, age, body mass index, and the presence of preexisting lung conditions were included.

Results
The most informative variables to detect persistent symptoms were the percentage of concurrent Q and FVLc defects and of areas free of those defects. A detection accuracy of 71.4% was obtained with these 2 variables when fitting the model on the entire dataset. Although none of the single variables differed between patients with and without persistent symptoms (P > 0.05), the combined score of these 2 variables did (P < 0.02). This score also showed a consistent increase from healthy volunteers (7.7) to patients without persistent symptoms (8.2) and with persistent symptoms (8.6). The morphological abnormality score showed poor correlation with the functional parameters.

Conclusions
Functional pulmonary examinations using free-breathing 0.55 T MRI with PREFUL analysis revealed potential quantitative markers of impaired lung function in patients with persistent symptoms after COVID-19 infection, potentially complementing morphologic imaging. Future work is needed to explore the translational relevance and clinical implication of these findings.
New updates on transcranial magnetic stimulation in chronic pain
Authors: Fernandes Ana Mércia , Graven-Nielsen Thomas , de Andrade Daniel Ciampi 
Published: May 2022

Purpose of review
Chronic pain is the most prevalent symptomatic disease worldwide. Nonpharmacological interventions, such as noninvasive neuromodulation (NIN), have gained scientific evidence to support their use as an add-on strategy to pharmacological pain management. The most studied NIN technique is repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). This review aims to identify the current indications for rTMS in the treatment of chronic pain and its new perspectives.

Recent findings
High-frequency rTMS delivered to the primary motor cortex (M1) is currently a treatment strategy with the most literature support for decreased pain intensity and alleviation of associated symptoms in peripheral neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia and migraine. It has been shown that stimulation sessions are well tolerated and tolerable, and the effects of daily stimulation sessions can be prolonged by spaced maintenance stimulation sessions. Despite its efficacy, some individuals will not respond to rTMS targeted to M1. Lines of research are currently being developed to improve rTMS efficacy either by exploring new therapeutic targets, using novel stimulation parameters or more comprehensively profiling patients who are likely to respond to this treatment modality.

Summary
Noninvasive brain stimulation for chronic TMS pain is a well tolerated and reasonable add-on treatment approach for pain syndromes such as neuropathic pain, migraine and fibromyalgia. Strategies to improve its efficacy are an active field of research.
Clinical Screening for Posterior Cortical Atrophy
Authors: Mendez Mario F. , Khattab Youssef I. , Yerstein Oleg 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a progressive neurologic syndrome that presents with complex visual deficits. Although PCA is most commonly a form of Alzheimer disease (AD), its early diagnosis is usually delayed due to a lack of understanding for how best to clinically screen for the syndrome.

Objective:
To identify neurobehavioral screening tasks for PCA—beyond simple visual constructions—that can be administered in clinic or at bedside.

Method:
We compared the performance of 12 individuals who met neuroimaging-supported consensus criteria for PCA with that of 12 matched individuals with typical AD (tAD) and 24 healthy controls (HC) on clinic/bedside tasks measuring (a) complex figure copying, (b) Balint syndrome, (c) visual object agnosia, (d) color identification, (e) figure–ground discrimination, (f) global–local processing, (g) dressing apraxia, (h) ideomotor apraxia, and (i) Gerstmann syndrome.

Results:
All of the individuals with PCA were impaired on the figure–ground discrimination task compared with half of the tAD group and no HC. Approximately half of the PCA group had Balint syndrome, dressing apraxia, and ideomotor apraxia compared with none in the tAD group. Difficulty copying a complex figure, global–local processing impairment, and Gerstmann syndrome did not distinguish between the two dementia groups.

Conclusion:
The figure–ground discrimination task can be used successfully as an overall screening measure for PCA, followed by specific tasks for Balint syndrome and dressing and limb apraxia. Findings reinforce PCA as a predominant occipitoparietal disorder with dorsal visual stream involvement and parietal signs with spatiomotor impairments.
Sexually transmitted infection risks and symptoms among women who started selling sex before the age of 18 in five cities in Cameroon
Authors: Grosso Ashley , Bowring Anna L. , Njindam Iliassou Mfochive , Decker Michele R. , Lyons Carrie , Rao Amrita , Tamoufe Ubald , Fako Guy H. , Fouda Ghislaine , Levitt Daniel , Turpin Gnilane , Billong Serge C. , Bissek Anne Cécile Zoung-Kanyi , Njoya Oudou , Baral Stefan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeMany adolescents under 18 years old who sell sex are at elevated risk for sexually transmitted infection (STI) acquisition, which may persist into adulthood. There has been limited study of the burden of the risks and vulnerabilities among women who started selling sex as adolescents across Sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsAdult female sex workers (FSW) recruited through respondent-driven sampling in five cities in Cameroon from December 2015 to October 2016 completed a questionnaire and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and syphilis testing. Multivariable logistic regression analysis controlling for age was used to identify factors associated with reporting selling sex before age 18.ResultsSelling sex before age 18 was reported by 11.5% (256/2,220) of FSW. Initiation of selling sex as an adolescent was positively associated with experiencing dysuria (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]:1.50, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.08-2.10) or genital warts (aOR:1.78, 95% CI:1.08-2.94) and negatively associated with prior recent testing for HIV (aOR:0.71, 95% CI:0.53-0.96) or STIs (aOR:0.65, 95% CI:0.44-0.96). Consistent condom use with clients was negatively associated with early initiation of selling sex (aOR:0.58, 95% CI:0.42-0.80), while experience of recent sexual violence was positively associated with early initiation (aOR:1.74, 95% CI:1.15-2.63). There were no independent significant differences in HIV (24.5%) or syphilis (8.4%) prevalence.ConclusionsGiven the limited use of HIV and STI testing services by women who sold sex as adolescents, the prevalence of forced sex, condomless sex, and STI symptoms were high. Programs serving FSW should more vigorously aim to serve adolescents and adults who began selling sex early.
A Role for Steroid 5 alpha-reductase 1 in Vascular Remodelling During Endometrial Decidualisation
Authors: Shaw I.W. , Kirkwood P.M. , Rebourcet D. , Cousins F.L. , Ainslie R.J. , Livingstone D.E.W. , Smith L.B. , Saunders P.T.K. , Gibson D.A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDecidualisation is the hormone-dependent process of endometrial remodelling that is essential for fertility and reproductive health. It is characterised by dynamic changes in the endometrial stromal compartment including differentiation of fibroblasts, immune cell trafficking and vascular remodelling. Deficits in decidualisation are implicated in disorders of pregnancy such as implantation failure, intra-uterine growth restriction, and pre-eclampsia.Androgens are key regulators of decidualisation that promote optimal differentiation of stromal fibroblasts and activation of downstream signalling pathways required for endometrial remodelling. We have shown that androgen biosynthesis, via 5α-reductase-dependent production of dihydrotestosterone, is required for optimal decidualisation of human stromal fibroblasts in vitro, but whether this is required for decidualisation in vivo has not been tested.In the current study we used steroid 5α-reductase type 1 (SRD5A1) deficient mice (Srd5a1-/- mice) and a validated model of induced decidualisation to investigate the role of SRD5A1 and intracrine androgen signalling in endometrial decidualisation. We measured decidualisation response (weight/proportion), transcriptomic changes, and morphological and functional parameters of vascular development. These investigations revealed a striking effect of 5α-reductase deficiency on the decidualisation response. Furthermore, vessel permeability and transcriptional regulation of angiogenesis signalling pathways, particularly those that involved vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), were disrupted in the absence of 5α-reductase. In Srd5a1-/- mice, injection of dihydrotestosterone co-incident with decidualisation restored decidualisation responses, vessel permeability, and expression of angiogenesis genes to wild type levels.Androgen availability declines with age which may contribute to age-related risk of pregnancy disorders. These findings show that intracrine androgen signalling is required for optimal decidualisation in vivo and confirm a major role for androgens in the development of the vasculature during decidualisation through regulation of the VEGF pathway. These findings highlight new opportunities for improving age-related deficits in fertility and pregnancy health by targeting androgen-dependent signalling in the endometrium.
Universal functions of prion candidates across all three domains of life suggest a primeval role of protein self-templating
Authors: Zajkowski Tomasz , Lee Michael D. , Sharma Siddhant , Vallota-Eastman Alec , Kuska Mikołaj , Malczewska Małgorzata , Rothschild Lynn J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAmyloid-based prions have simple structures, a wide phylogenetic distribution, and a plethora of functions in contemporary organisms, suggesting they may be an ancient phenomenon. However, this hypothesis has yet to be addressed with a systematic, computational, and experimental approach. Here we present a framework to help guide future experimental verification of candidate prions with conserved functions in order to understand their role in the early stages of evolution and potentially in the origins of life. We identified candidate prions in all high-quality proteomes available in UniProt computationally, assessed their phylogenomic distributions, and analyzed candidate-prion functional annotations. Of the 27,980,560 proteins scanned, 228,561 were identified as candidate prions (∼0.82%). Among these candidates, there were 84 Gene Ontology (GO) terms conserved across the 3 domains of life. We found that candidate prions with a possible role in adaptation were particularly well-represented within this group. We discuss unifying features of candidate prions to elucidate the primeval roles of prions and their associated functions. Candidate prions annotated as transcription factors, DNA binding, and kinases are particularly well suited to generating diverse responses to changes in their environment and could allow for adaptation and population expansion into more diverse environments. We hypothesized that these functions could be evolutionarily ancient, even if individual prion domains themselves are not evolutionarily conserved. Candidate prions annotated with these universally-occurring functions potentially represent the oldest extant prions on Earth and are therefore excellent experimental targets.
The Effect of Perturbation Variability on Sensorimotor Adaptation Does Not Require an Implicit Memory of Errors
Authors: Wang Tianhe , Avraham Guy , Tsay Jonathan S. , Ivry Richard B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn a recent paper1 entitled, “An implicit memory of errors limits human sensorimotor adaptation” Albert and colleagues presented a model in which the adaptive response of the sensorimotor system is flexibly modulated by recent experience, or what they refer to as a “memory of errors”. This hypothesis stands in contrast to prevailing models in which automatic and implicit responses to movement errors are relatively insensitive to the statistical properties of the environment2–6. A prime example of this rigidity is that the adaptation system exhibits a saturated response to large errors, resulting in a non-linear motor correction function, a feature that is independent of experience4,5,7. Here we show that the key results reported in Albert et al. are fully explained by presupposing this rigid “motor correction” function without reference to memory-dependent changes in error sensitivity. As such, the evidence presented in Albert et. al. does not support the claim that the history of errors modulates implicit adaptation.
Molecular Phylogeny of human adenovirus type 41 lineages
Authors: Götting Jasper , Cordes Anne K , Steinbrück Lars , Heim Albert 
Published: May 2022

AbstractType 41 of human adenovirus species F (HAdV-F41) is a frequent aetiology of gastroenteritis in children, and nosocomial as well as kindergarten outbreaks have been frequently described. In contrast to other HAdV types, HAdV-F41 was not associated with life-threatening disseminated disease in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients or any severe organ infections so far. Due to the limited clinical significance, the evolution of HAdV-F41 has not been studied in detail. Recently, HAdV-F41 has been associated with severe hepatitis in young children, and interest in HAdV-F41 has skyrocketed, although the aetiology of the hepatitis has not been resolved.Complete genomic HAdV-F41 sequences from 32 diagnostic specimens of the past 11 years (2011–2022) were generated, all originating from gastroenteritis patients. Additionally, 33 complete HAdV-F41 genomes from GenBank were added to our phylogenetic analysis.Phylogenetic analysis of 65 genomes indicated that HAdV-F41 evolved with three lineages co-circulating. Lineage 1 included the prototype ‘Tak’ from 1973 and six isolates from 2007 to 2017 with an average nucleotide identity of 99.3 %. Lineage 2 included 53 isolates from 2000 to 2022, had an average nucleotide identity of 99.8 %, and split into two sublineages. Lineage 3, probably described for the first time in 2009, had a 45nt deletion in the long fiber gene and had evolved significantly in the short fiber and E3 region. Moreover, a recent lineage 3 isolate from 2022 had a recombinant phylogeny of the short fiber gene. Fibers interact with cellular receptors and determine cellular tropism, whereas E3 gene products interfere with the immune recognition of HAdV infected cells.This in-depth study on the phylogeny of HAdV-F41 discovered significant evolution of recently described lineage 3 of HAdV-F41, possibly resulting in altered cellular tropism, virulence and pathophysiology.
vsRNAfinder: a novel method for identifying high-confidence viral small RNAs from small RNA-Seq data
Authors: Cai Zena , Fu Ping , Qiu Ye , Wu Aiping , Zhang Gaihua , Wang Yirong , Jiang Taijiao , Ge Xing-Yi , Zhu Haizhen , Peng Yousong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractVirus-encoded small RNAs (vsRNA) have been reported to play an important role in viral infection. Unfortunately, there is still a lack of an effective method for vsRNA identification. Herein, we presented vsRNAfinder, a de novo method for identifying high-confidence vsRNAs from small RNA-Seq (sRNA-Seq) data based on peak calling and Poisson distribution and is public available at https://github.com/ZenaCai/vsRNAfinder. vsRNAfinder outperformed two widely-used methods namely miRDeep2 and ShortStack in identifying viral miRNAs with a significantly improved sensitivity. It can also be used to identify sRNAs in animals and plants with similar performance to miRDeep2 and ShortStack. The study would greatly facilitate effective identification of vsRNAs.
Kinesin-1 autoinhibition facilitates the initiation of dynein cargo transport
Authors: Qiu Rongde , Zhang Jun , Xiang Xin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractKinesin-1 undergoes autoinhibition but its functional significance has been unclear. Kinesin-1 transports multiple cargoes including cytoplasmic dynein to the microtubule plus ends. From a genetic screen forAspergillsmutants defective in dynein-mediated early endosome transport, we identified a kinesin-1 mutationkinAK895*that disrupts kinesin-1 autoinhibition. Consistent withkinAK895*making kinesin-1 constitutively active, the mutant proteins accumulate abnormally near the microtubule plus ends. Unexpectedly, our genetic data show that kinesin-1 autoinhibition is unnecessary for transporting its cargoes such as secretory vesicles. Dynein accumulates normally at the microtubule plus ends in thekinAK895*mutant. However, the frequency but not the speed of dynein-mediated early endosome transport is significantly decreased, indicating that kinesin-1 autoinhibition facilitates dynein to initiate its cargo transport. Furthermore, kinesin-1 autoinhibition promotes dynein cargo initiation in a way mechanistically distinct from LIS1-promoted dynein switching from its autoinhibited form. Thus, while dynein activation involves dynactin, cargo adapter and LIS1, this study adds kinesin-1 autoinhibition as a new regulatory factor in vivo.