bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Auxetic hexachiral cantilever beams for piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting
Authors: Sadikbasha Shaik , Radhika B , Pandurangan V 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This work presents an auxetic hexachiral cantilever substrate for low-frequency vibration energy harvesting applications. Auxetics are materials with negative Poisson’s ratio that develop stresses of the same nature under mechanical loading, which can be advantageously used in designing energy harvesters with enhanced power output. The proposed harvester is fabricated by attaching a piezo patch on a 3D printed polylactic acid hexachiral substrate to convert the mechanical response to electrical output. Experiments are conducted to characterize the vibration and electrical properties of the harvester. A 3D finite element (FE) model is developed and validated with experimental voltage obtained for different electrical resistance. As the first mode generates maximum power, an equivalent single degree of freedom semi-analytical model is formulated and validated with experiments and FE results. The proposed harvester has a natural frequency of 23 Hz with a voltage output of 9.1 V at 250 kΩ. The developed models are used to study the influence of hexachiral geometry, electrical and mechanical loading on the electro-mechanical response. The harvester voltage is influenced by the ligament thickness and is found to increase linearly with an increase in mechanical loading. Further, the enhancement in performance by the addition of hexachiral sub patch to a plain beam is investigated, followed by a comparison with harvesters having plain, hexagonal and re-entrant geometries. The results show that the hexachiral harvester has the lowest first mode frequency with a power output about 20 and 3 times the plain and re-entrant harvesters, respectively. Finally, random vibration analysis of the hexachiral harvester is carried out to evaluate its performance under ambient loading, and the results show that the semi-analytical model is a computationally efficient alternative to study the first mode behavior. The findings of the study demonstrate the potential of the proposed hexachiral harvester for low-frequency applications.
A simple relation of guessing probability in quantum key distribution
Authors: Su Hong-Yi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Given a communication system using quantum key distribution (QKD), the receiver can be seen as one who tries to guess the sender’s information just as potential eavesdroppers do. The receiver-eavesdropper similarity thus implies a simple relation in terms of guessing probability and correctness of sifted keys, related with the distance-based, information-theoretic security. The tolerable regions of error rates determined by such a guessing-probability-based relation are shown to be close to those determined by security criteria. Thus, an alternative perspective on applying guessing probability in analyzing QKD issues is here provided. Examples of two specific protocols are illustrated. Our results contribute to evaluating an important element in communication study, and may provide useful reference for the security analysis of QKD protocols.
Vaidya-Tikekar type anisotropic fluid model by gravitational decoupling
Authors: Maurya S K , Al Saadi Arwa , Al Amri Wadhha , Al Hosni Sara , Al Sharyani Ruqaya 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a new interior solution for compact objects has been obtained using the minimal geometric deformation (MGD) approach along with the embedding Class I condition. Using MGD, the original system gets split into two parts, one of them is called the Einstein system and another one is the quasi-Einstein system for the extra source

θ

α

γ

(
r
)
.

The Einstein system is solved by using the Vaidya-Tikekar metric along with the Class I condition, while for the quasi-Einstein system, the mimic approach for density constraint has been used such that

ρ

ˆ

(
r
)
=

θ

0

0

(
r
)
.

A detailed physical analysis has been done as well as the physical viability of the model in terms of the thermodynamical variables, and different stability factors are also tested. Furthermore, the mass-radius ratio is also calculated for 12 different stars for different values of the decoupling constant

β

which determines how the gravitational decoupling influences the compactness.
The power of locality: primordial non-Gaussianity at the map level
Authors: Baumann Daniel , Green Daniel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Primordial non-Gaussianity is a sensitive probe of the inflationary era, with a number of important theoretical targets living an order of magnitude beyond the reach of current CMB constraints. Maps of the large-scale structure of the universe, in principle, have the raw statistical power to reach these targets, but the complications of nonlinear evolution are thought to present serious, if not insurmountable, obstacles to reaching these goals. In this paper, we will argue that the challenge presented by nonlinear structure formation has been overstated. The information encoded in primordial non-Gaussianity resides in nonlocal correlations of the density field at three or more points separated by cosmological distances. In contrast, nonlinear evolution only alters the density field locally and cannot create or destroy these long-range correlations. This locality property of the late-time non-Gaussianity is obscured in Fourier space and in the standard bispectrum searches for primordial non-Gaussianity. We therefore propose to measure non-Gaussianity in the position space maps of the large-scale structure. As a proof of concept, we study the case of equilateral non-Gaussianity, for which the degeneracy with late-time nonlinearities is the most severe. We show that a map-level analysis is capable of breaking this degeneracy and thereby significantly improve the constraining power over previous estimates.
Gravitational wave luminosity distance in viscous cosmological models
Authors: Fanizza Giuseppe , Pavone Eliseo , Tedesco Luigi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe study the so-called Gravitational Wave luminosity distance-redshift relation dLGW(z) during cosmological eras driven by non-perfect fluids. In particular, we show that the presence of a shear viscosity in the energy momentum tensor turns out to be the most relevant effect. Within this scenario, a constant shear viscosity imprints the gravitational wave propagation through a friction termδ(z) with a uniquely given redshift dependence. This peculiar evolution predicts a specific shape for the ratiodLGW/dLEMwhich tends to a constant value when the sources are atz≳ 1, whereas scales linearly with the shear viscosity at lower redshifts, regardless of the value of Ωm0. According to our final discussion, the predicted redshift dependenceδ(z) provided by a shear viscosity could be tested by upcoming surveys of multi-messenger sources against analogous scenarios provided by some widely studied theories of modified gravity.
Examining the impact of emissions scenario on lower Mississippi River flood hazard projections
Authors: Dunne K B J , Dee S G , Reinders J , Muñoz S E , Nittrouer J A 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Mississippi River is the largest commercial waterway in North America and one of the most heavily engineered rivers in the world. Future alteration of the river’s hydrology by climate change may increase the vulnerability of flood mitigation and navigation infrastructure implemented to constrain 20thcentury discharge conditions. Here, we evaluate changes in Lower Mississippi River basin hydroclimate and discharge from 1920–2100 C.E. by integrating river gauge observations and climate model ensemble simulations from CESM1.2 under multiple greenhouse gas emissions scenarios. We show that the Lower Mississippi River’s flood regime is highly sensitive to emissions scenario; specifically, the return period of flood discharge exceeding existing flood mitigation infrastructure decreases from approximately 1000 years to 31 years by the year 2100 under RCP8.5 forcing, primarily driven by increasing precipitation and runoff within the basin. Without aggressive reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, flood mitigation infrastructure may require substantial retrofitting to avoid disruptions to industries and communities along the Lower Mississippi River.
Dysmegakaryopoiesis and Transient Mild Increase in Bone Marrow Blasts in Patients With Aplastic Anemia Treated With Eltrombopag May Be Signs of Hematologic Improvement and Not Portend Clonal Evolution
Authors: Matsuda Akira , Imada Kazunori , Obara Naoshi , Iida Hiroatsu , Yamazaki Hirohito , Tomiyama Yoshiaki , Miyamura Koichi , Sasaki Osamu , Maeda Tetsuo , Ohta Kensuke , Usuki Kensuke , Tokumine Yukihiro , Imajo Kenji , Okamoto Yuji , Murakami Mami , Nakao Shinji 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Eltrombopag, a thrombopoietin-receptor agonist, stimulates hematopoiesis in patients with acquired aplastic anemia (AA). Cytomorphologic changes in bone marrow after eltrombopag administration are still unclear. This study examined the effect of eltrombopag on cytomorphologic findings using data from prior phase 2 studies (E1201 and E1202).

Methods
Microscopic examinations were performed in 31 patients with AA (E1201 [n = 21], E1202 [n = 10]). The relationship between hematologic improvement and morphologic findings was also investigated.

Results
In 5 patients (E1201 [n = 3], E1202 [n = 2]), the bone marrow blast count increased after initiation of eltrombopag treatment compared with screening values. The blast count was less than 5%, and the increase in bone marrow blasts was transient in all 4 patients who had bone marrow examinations at follow-up. In 8 patients (E1201 [n = 5], E1202 [n = 3]), dysplastic forms of megakaryocytes were found in the bone marrow following treatment initiation. Dysmegakaryopoiesis of 10% or more was found in 3 patients. None of the patients revealed micromegakaryocytes. Ten patients showed an increase in bone marrow blasts and/or dysmegakaryopoiesis following treatment initiation. Nine of 10 patients showed hematologic improvement in 1 or more lineages.

Conclusions
Dysmegakaryopoiesis without micromegakaryocytes and a transient increase of less than 5% in bone marrow blast count may be signs of hematologic improvement with eltrombopag for patients with AA.
Developing Geographic Areas for Cancer Reporting Using Automated Zone Design
Authors: Tatalovich Zaria , Stinchcomb David G , Ng Diane , Yu Mandi , Lewis Denise R , Zhu Li , Feuer Eric J (Rocky) 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The reporting and analysis of population-based cancer statistics in the United States has traditionally been done for counties. However, counties are not ideal for analysis of cancer rates, due to wide variation in population size, with larger counties having considerable sociodemographic variation within their borders and sparsely populated counties having less reliable estimates of cancer rates that are often suppressed due to confidentiality concerns. There is a need and an opportunity to utilize zone design procedures in the context of cancer surveillance to generate coherent, statistically stable geographic units that are more optimal for cancer reporting and analysis than counties. To achieve this goal, we sought to create areas within each US state that are: 1) similar in population size and large enough to minimize rate suppression; 2) sociodemographically homogeneous; 3) compact; and 4) custom crafted to represent areas that are meaningful to cancer registries and stakeholders. The resulting geographic units reveal the heterogeneity of rates that are hidden when reported at the county-level while substantially reducing the need to suppress data. We believe this effort will facilitate more meaningful comparative analysis of cancer rates for small geographic areas and will advance the understanding of cancer burden in the United States.
hCoCena: horizontal integration and analysis of transcriptomics datasets
Authors: Oestreich Marie , Holsten Lisa , Agrawal Shobhit , Dahm Kilian , Koch Philipp , Jin Han , Becker Matthias , Ulas Thomas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Motivation
Transcriptome-based gene co-expression analysis has become a standard procedure for structured and contextualized understanding and comparison of different conditions and phenotypes. Since large study designs with a broad variety of conditions are costly and laborious, extensive comparisons are hindered when utilizing only a single dataset. Thus, there is an increased need for tools that allow the integration of multiple transcriptomic datasets with subsequent joint analysis, which can provide a more systematic understanding of gene co-expression and co-functionality within and across conditions. To make such an integrative analysis accessible to a wide spectrum of users with differing levels of programming expertise it is essential to provide user-friendliness and customizability as well as thorough documentation.

Results
This article introduces horizontal CoCena (hCoCena: horizontal construction of co-expression networks and analysis), an R-package for network-based co-expression analysis that allows the analysis of a single transcriptomic dataset as well as the joint analysis of multiple datasets. With hCoCena, we provide a freely available, user-friendly and adaptable tool for integrative multi-study or single-study transcriptomics analyses alongside extensive comparisons to other existing tools.

Availability and implementation
The hCoCena R-package is provided together with R Markdowns that implement an exemplary analysis workflow including extensive documentation and detailed descriptions of data structures and objects. Such efforts not only make the tool easy to use but also enable the seamless integration of user-written scripts and functions into the workflow, creating a tool that provides a clear design while remaining flexible and highly customizable. The package and additional information including an extensive Wiki are freely available on GitHub: https://github.com/MarieOestreich/hCoCena. The version at the time of writing has been added to Zenodo under the following link: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911782.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
expam—high-resolution analysis of metagenomes using distance trees
Authors: Solari Sean M , Young Remy B , Marcelino Vanessa R , Forster Samuel C 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Summary
Shotgun metagenomic sequencing provides the capacity to understand microbial community structure and function at unprecedented resolution; however, the current analytical methods are constrained by a focus on taxonomic classifications that may obfuscate functional relationships. Here, we present expam, a tree-based, taxonomy agnostic tool for the identification of biologically relevant clades from shotgun metagenomic sequencing.

Availability and implementation
expam is an open-source Python application released under the GNU General Public Licence v3.0. expam installation instructions, source code and tutorials can be found at https://github.com/seansolari/expam.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Access to Medicines for Treating People With Cryptococcal Meningitis
Authors: Burry Jessica , Casas Carmen Perez , Ford Nathan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cryptococcal meningitis accounts for 1 in 5 AIDS-related deaths globally. World Health Organization guidelines strongly recommend a single high dose of liposomal amphotericin B as part of preferred treatment, but this drug remains unaffordable in most low- and middle-income countries. A proactive approach is needed from manufacturers and other stakeholders to improve access.
Improving Traditional Registrational Trial End Points: Development and Application of a Desirability of Outcome Ranking End Point for Complicated Urinary Tract Infection Clinical Trials
Authors: Howard-Anderson Jessica , Hamasaki Toshimitsu , Dai Weixiao , Collyar Deborah , Rubin Daniel , Nambiar Sumathi , Kinamon Tori , Hill Carol , Gelone Steven P , Mariano David , Baba Takamichi , Holland Thomas L , Doernberg Sarah B , Chambers Henry F , Fowler Vance G , Evans Scott R , Boucher Helen W 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Traditional end points used in registrational randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) often do not allow for complete interpretation of the full range of potential clinical outcomes. Desirability of outcome ranking (DOOR) is an approach to the design and analysis of clinical trials that incorporates benefits and risks of novel treatment strategies and provides a global assessment of patient experience.

Methods
Through a multidisciplinary committee of experts in infectious diseases, clinical trial design, drug regulation, and patient experience, we developed a DOOR end point for infectious disease syndromes and demonstrated how this could be applied to 3 registrational drug trials (ZEUS, APEKS-cUTI, and DORI-05) for complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs). ZEUS compared fosfomycin to piperacillin/tazobactam, APEKS-cUTI compared cefiderocol to imipenem, and DORI-05 compared doripenem to levofloxacin. Using DOOR, we estimated the probability of a more desirable outcome with each investigational antibacterial drug.

Results
In each RCT, the DOOR distribution was similar and the probability that a patient in the investigational arm would have a more desirable outcome than a patient in the control arm had a 95% confidence interval containing 50%, indicating no significant difference between treatment arms. DOOR facilitated improved understanding of potential trade-offs between clinical efficacy and safety. Partial credit and subgroup analyses also highlight unique attributes of DOOR.

Conclusions
DOOR can effectively be used in registrational cUTI trials. The DOOR end point presented here can be adapted for other infectious disease syndromes and prospectively incorporated into future clinical trials.
Lung transplantation long-term survival is worse in patients who have undergone previous cardiac surgery
Authors: Schumer Erin M , Saddoughi Sahar A , Spencer Philip J , Pochettino Alberto , Daly Richard C , Villavicencio Mauricio A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Approximately 10% of lung transplant recipients have had previous cardiothoracic surgery. We sought to determine if previous surgery affects outcomes after lung transplant at a national level.

METHODS
The United Network for Organ Sharing database was analysed from 2005 to 2019 to include adult patients who underwent lung transplant who had previous cardiac surgery and previous thoracic surgery. T-test and chi-squared analysis were used to compare perioperative outcomes. Long-term survival comparison was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method in an unadjusted and propensity-matched analysis.

RESULTS
Out of 24 784 lung transplants, 691 (2.7%) had previous cardiac surgery and 1321 (6.5%) had previous thoracic surgery. Operative mortality was worse in previous cardiac surgery [42 (6.1%)] versus no previous cardiac surgery [740 (3.1%), P &lt; 0.001] and in previous thoracic surgery [65 (4.9%)] versus no previous thoracic surgery [717 (3.1%), P &lt; 0.001]. The previous thoracic surgery group had more primary graft failure and treated rejection during the first-year post-transplant. There was no difference in stroke, dialysis, intubation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation at 72 h. Long-term survival was significantly worse for lung transplant patients who had undergone previous cardiac surgery (median 3.8 vs 6.3 years, P &lt; 0.001) due to an increase in cardiovascular deaths (P = 0.008) and malignancy (P = 0.043). However, there was no difference in previous thoracic surgery (median 6.6 vs 6.1 years, P = 0.337).

CONCLUSIONS
Previous cardiac surgery prior to lung transplant results in worse survival related to cardiovascular death and malignancies. Previous thoracic surgery worsens perioperative outcomes but does not affect long-term survival.
Predicting stroke in heart failure and reduced ejection fraction without atrial fibrillation
Authors: Kondo Toru , Abdul-Rahim Azmil H , Talebi Atefeh , Abraham William T , Desai Akshay S , Dickstein Kenneth , Inzucchi Silvio E , Køber Lars , Kosiborod Mikhail N , Martinez Felipe A , Packer Milton , Petrie Mark , Ponikowski Piotr , Rouleau Jean L , Sabatine Marc S , Swedberg Karl , Zile Michael R , Solomon Scott D , Jhund Pardeep S , McMurray John J V 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsPatients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) are at significant risk of stroke. Anticoagulation reduces this risk in patients with and without atrial fibrillation (AF), but the risk-to-benefit balance in the latter group, overall, is not favourable. Identification of patients with HFrEF, without AF, at the highest risk of stroke may allow targeted and safer use of prophylactic anticoagulant therapy.Methods and resultsIn a pooled patient-level cohort of the PARADIGM-HF, ATMOSPHERE, and DAPA-HF trials, a previously derived simple risk model for stroke, consisting of three variables (history of prior stroke, insulin-treated diabetes, and plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide level), was validated. Of the 20 159 patients included, 12 751 patients did not have AF at baseline. Among patients without AF, 346 (2.7%) experienced a stroke over a median follow up of 2.0 years (rate 11.7 per 1000 patient-years). The risk for stroke increased with increasing risk score: fourth quintile hazard ratio (HR) 2.35 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.60–3.45]; fifth quintile HR 3.73 (95% CI 2.58–5.38), with the first quintile as reference. For patients in the top quintile, the rate of stroke was 21.2 per 1000 patient-years, similar to participants with AF not receiving anticoagulation (20.1 per 1000 patient-years). Model discrimination was good with a C-index of 0.84 (0.75–0.91).ConclusionIt is possible to identify a subset of HFrEF patients without AF with a stroke-risk equivalent to that of patients with AF who are not anticoagulated. In these patients, the risk-to-benefit balance might justify the use of prophylactic anticoagulation, but this hypothesis needs to be tested prospectively.