bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real‐world effectiveness of mood stabilizer use in schizophrenia
Authors: Puranen Arto , Koponen Marjaana , Lähteenvuo Markku , Tanskanen Antti , Tiihonen Jari , Taipale Heidi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveMood stabilizers (MS) are often used as adjunctive medication in patients with schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to investigate the real‐world effectiveness of MS use in persons with schizophrenia.MethodsThe study cohort included all persons treated in inpatient care due to schizophrenia during 1972–2014 in Finland (N = 61,889). Drug purchase data were obtained from the national Prescription register and modeled with the PRE2DUP method. The follow‐up period covered the years 1996–2017. Mood stabilizers included carbamazepine, valproic acid, lamotrigine, and lithium. The main outcome was psychosis hospitalization. We utilized within‐individual design to compare the risk of outcome between time‐periods of MS use and non‐use within the same person. Stratified Cox regression analyses were conducted with adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsMean age at cohort entry was 46.2 years (SD 16.0) and 50.3% were male. During the follow‐up (maximum of 22 years, median 14.8 years, interquartile range 7.5–22.0), 28.1% (N = 17,370) of the study cohort used MS, valproic acid being the most often used one (60.4%, N = 10,483). Risk of psychosis hospitalization was lower during MS use than non‐use (aHR 0.88, 95% CI 0.86–0.90). Use of lithium (0.84, 0.81–0.87), valproic acid (0.87, 0.85–0.90), and lamotrigine (0.90, 0.85–0.95) were associated with lower risk of psychosis hospitalization compared with their non‐use, whereas carbamazepine use was not.ConclusionsMood stabilizers were relatively often used as adjunctive treatments in schizophrenia and their use was associated with a 12% decreased risk of psychosis rehospitalization, a marker of relapse in schizophrenia.
Effect of ventilation mode on postoperative pulmonary complications following lung resection surgery: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Li X.‐F. , Jin L. , Yang J.‐M. , Luo Q.‐S. , Liu H.‐M. , Yu H. 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThe effect of intra‐operative mechanical ventilation modes on pulmonary outcomes after thoracic surgery with one‐lung ventilation has not been well established. We evaluated the impact of three common ventilation modes on postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing lung resection surgery. In this two‐centre randomised controlled trial, 1224 adults scheduled for lung resection surgery with one‐lung ventilation were randomised to one of three groups: volume‐controlled ventilation; pressure‐controlled ventilation; and pressure‐control with volume guaranteed ventilation. Enhanced recovery after surgery pathways and lung‐protective ventilation protocols were implemented in all groups. The primary outcome was a composite of postoperative pulmonary complications within the first seven postoperative days. The outcome occurred in 270 (22%), with 87 (21%) in the volume control group, 89 (22%) in the pressure control group and 94 (23%) in the pressure‐control with volume guaranteed group (p = 0.831). The secondary outcomes also did not differ across study groups. In patients undergoing lung resection surgery with one‐lung ventilation, the choice of ventilation mode did not influence the risk of developing postoperative pulmonary complications. This is the first randomised controlled trial examining the effect of three ventilation modes on pulmonary outcomes in patients undergoing lung resection surgery.
How Sweden approached the COVID‐19 pandemic: Summary and commentary on the National Commission Inquiry
Authors: Ludvigsson Jonas F. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimSweden initially chose a different disease prevention and control path during the pandemic than many other European countries. In June 2020, the Swedish Government established a National Commission to examine the management of COVID‐19 in Sweden. This paper summarises, and discusses, its findings.MethodsThree reports published by the Commission were analysed. The first focused on the care of older people during the pandemic. The second examined disease and infection transmission and control and health care and public health. The third updated the first two reports and also covered economic aspects, crisis management and public communication.ResultsBy 25 February 2022, when the final report was published, 15 800 individuals, 1.5 per 1000 Swedish inhabitants, had died after COVID‐19. The death rates were high in spring 2020, but overall excess mortality in 2020–2021 was +0.79%, which was lower than in many other European countries. The Commission suggested that the voluntary measures that were adopted were appropriate and maintained Swedes' personal freedom during the pandemic. However, more extensive and earlier measures should have been taken, especially during the first wave.ConclusionThe Swedish COVID‐19 Commission felt that earlier and more extensive pandemic action should have been taken, particularly during the first wave.
Electroconvulsive therapy following incident bipolar disorder: When, how, and for whom?
Authors: Salagre Estela , Rohde Christopher , Vieta Eduard , Østergaard Søren D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in the treatment of bipolar disorder (BD) remains poorly described. Based on data from Danish registries with complete nationwide coverage, this study of patients with incident BD aimed to describe when, how, and for whom ECT is used in the context of BD.MethodsWe identified patients receiving their first diagnosis of BD in the period from 2008 to 2018, who subsequently received ECT. Descriptive statistics were used to clarify when, how, and for whom ECT is used.ResultsWe identified 1338 patients with incident BD who subsequently received ECT. The median age at the first ECT session was 50.6 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 26.4), and 62% of those treated with ECT were female. The median time from the diagnosis of BD to the first ECT treatment was 0.6 years (IQR: 2.6), and 58% of the patients receiving ECT had the first treatment within the first year after being diagnosed with BD. The most common indication for the first ECT treatment was depression (mainly non‐psychotic depression), followed by mania (mainly psychotic mania). The first ECT session was typically provided to inpatients (97%), upon patient consent (98%) and with bilateral electrode placement (60%).ConclusionsA substantial proportion of the patients with incident BD who receive ECT require this treatment within the first year after the diagnosis. The most common indication for ECT is depression followed by (psychotic) mania. Inpatient voluntary ECT using bilateral electrode placement is the most common form of administration.
How does social trust affect corporate financial performance? The mediating role of corporate social responsibility
Authors: Jung Jae C. , Im Junyon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPrior studies assert that social trust may positively influence the economic performance of countries and firms (within those countries). This paper proposes a more nuanced mechanism whereby corporate social responsibility (CSR) mediates the relationship between country‐level social trust and firm‐level financial performance. Anchored in neo‐institutional theory, we theorize that social trust instills norms of trustworthiness and willingness to trust others guiding individual and corporate behaviors. In order to comply with such norms and gain legitimacy, firms in high‐trust society are more likely to commit to CSR activities that serve the interests of stakeholders. CSR activities, in turn, can positively influence financial performance by enabling firms to access stakeholders' resources and capabilities and to decrease transactions costs in the stakeholder relationships. We tested our theory by analyzing 9818 firm‐year observations across 34 countries, during the 2006 to 2015 period. Our analysis shows the expected CSR mediation in the relationship between social trust and firm‐level financial performance. Our findings are robust across different models addressing the concerns of endogeneity, alternative measures, and potential moderators.
Functional Data Analysis with Covariate-Dependent Mean and Covariance Structures
Authors: Zhang Chenlin , Lin Huazhen , Liu Li , Liu Jin , Li Yi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Functional data analysis has emerged as a powerful tool in response to the ever-increasing resources and efforts devoted to collecting information about response curves or anything that varies over a continuum. However, limited progress has been made with regard to linking the covariance structures of response curves to external covariates, as most functional models assume a common covariance structure. We propose a new functional regression model with covariate-dependent mean and covariance structures. Particularly, by allowing variances of random scores to be covariate-dependent, we identify eigenfunctions for each individual from the set of eigenfunctions that govern the variation patterns across all individuals, resulting in high interpretability and prediction power. We further propose a new penalized quasi-likelihood procedure that combines regularization and B-spline smoothing for model selection and estimation and establish the convergence rate and asymptotic normality of the proposed estimators. The utility of the developed method is demonstrated via simulations, as well as an analysis of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children concerning parental effects on the growth curves of their offspring, which yields biologically interesting results.
Aβ plaques do not protect against HSV‐1 infection in a mouse model of familial Alzheimer's disease, and HSV‐1 does not induce Aβ pathology in a model of late onset Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Bocharova Olga V. , Fisher Aidan , Pandit Narayan P. , Molesworth Kara , Mychko Olga , Scott Alison J. , Makarava Natallia , Ritzel Rodney , Baskakov Ilia V. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe possibility that the etiology of late onset Alzheimer's disease is linked to viral infections of the CNS has been actively debated in recent years. According to the antiviral protection hypothesis, viral pathogens trigger aggregation of Aβ peptides that are produced as a defense mechanism in response to infection to entrap and neutralize pathogens. To test the causative relationship between viral infection and Aβ aggregation, the current study examined whether Aβ plaques protect the mouse brain against Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV‐1) infection introduced via a physiological route and whether HSV‐1 infection triggers formation of Aβ plaques in a mouse model of late‐onset AD that does not develop Aβ pathology spontaneously. In aged 5XFAD mice infected via eye scarification, high density of Aβ aggregates did not improve survival time or rate when compared with wild type controls. In 5XFADs, viral replication sites were found in brain areas with a high density of extracellular Aβ deposits, however, no association between HSV‐1 and Aβ aggregates could be found. To test whether HSV‐1 triggers Aβ aggregation in a mouse model that lacks spontaneous Aβ pathology, 13‐month‐old hAβ/APOE4/Trem2*R47H mice were infected with HSV‐1 via eye scarification with the McKrae HSV‐1 strain, intracranial inoculation with McKrae, intracranial inoculation after priming with LPS for 6 weeks, or intracranial inoculation with high doses of McKrae or 17syn + strains that represent different degrees of neurovirulence. No signs of Aβ aggregation were found in any of the experimental groups. Instead, extensive infiltration of peripheral leukocytes was observed during the acute stage of HSV‐1 infection, and phagocytic activity of myeloid cells was identified as the primary defense mechanism against HSV‐1. The current results argue against a direct causative relationship between HSV‐1 infection and Aβ pathology.
The bee fauna associated with Pacific Northwest (USA) native plants for gardens
Authors: Anderson Aaron G. , Costner Lucas , Best Lincoln , Langellotto Gail A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGrowing public awareness of pollinator declines has led to an increase in gardening for pollinators, particularly bees. In most regions of the United States a better understanding of the plants that support abundant and species rich bee communities will help urban pollinator conservation programs. To address this, we compared the relative attractiveness of 23 native Pacific Northwest plant species to bees. We performed timed bee counts and vacuum‐sampled bee communities, weekly, when plots were in peak bloom. Across three field seasons, we found that Douglas' aster (Symphyotrichum subspicatum), California poppy (Eschscholzia californica), varileaf phacelia (Phacelia heterophylla), Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis), farewell‐to‐spring (Clarkia amoena), globe gilia (Gilia capitata), and Oregon sunshine (Eriophyllum lanatum) consistently harbored high bee abundance and species richness, and show great potential for garden pollinator plantings. These findings can be applied to residential and community gardens, municipal parks and other plantings, as well as by restoration professionals and policy makers interested in creating and supporting pollinator habitat.
Postoperative statin therapy is not associated with reduced incidence of venous thromboembolic events following kidney transplantation
Authors: Frasco Peter E. , Rosenfeld David M , Jadlowiec Caroline C , Zhang Nan , Heilman Raymond L. , Bauer Isabel L. , Alvord Jeremy , Poterack Karl A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe pleiotropic effects of statin therapy on inflammation and coagulation may reduce the risk of venous thromboembolism. This study evaluated whether statin therapy is associated with decreased venous thromboembolic (VTE) events following kidney transplantation.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of all primary kidney transplants performed between January 2014 and December 2019 at Mayo Clinic Arizona. Patients were divided into two groups depending on sustained statin therapy during the first year following transplantation. Recipient and donor clinical and demographic data were collected. The primary outcome was admission for symptomatic VTE events (deep vein thrombosis [DVT] or pulmonary embolism [PE]).ResultsSustained statin therapy in the first year following transplant was observed in 16.1% (n = 223) of 1384 kidney transplants. The overall incidence of VTE events in the year following kidney transplant was 3.8%. VTE occurred in 4.1% of recipients treated with statins and 3.8% of the controls – (hazard ratio [HR] .92, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] .39, 2.21, p = .86). However, there were significant differences between the groups in terms of age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, indication for transplant, diagnosis of diabetes and discharge antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy. Following sensitivity analysis in which cohort matching was performed to account for these differences, there was no difference in VTE event‐free survival (HR .89, 95% CI .41, 1.96, p = .78) or overall survival (HR .54, 95% CI .15, 1.94, p = .35) between patients treated with statins compared to controls.ConclusionStatin therapy in the year following successful kidney transplant was not associated with a reduction in risk of VTE.
The need for integrated clinical and administrative data models for risk adjustment in assessment of the cost transplant care
Authors: Axelrod David A. , Schwantes Issac R. , Harris Alyssa H. , Hohmann Samuel F. , Snyder Jon J. , Balakrishnan Ramji , Lentine Krista L. , Kasiske Bertram L. , Schnitzler Mark A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionValue‐based purchasing requires accurate techniques to appropriately measure both outcomes and cost with robust adjustment for differences in severity of illness. Traditional methods to adjust cost estimates have exclusively used administrative data derived from billing claims to identify comorbidity and complications. Transplantation uniquely has accurate national clinical registry data that can be used to supplement administrative data.MethodsAdministrative claims from the Vizient, Inc, Clinical Data Base (CDB) were linked with clinical records from the Scientific Registry for Transplant Recipients for 76 liver and 109 kidney transplant programs. Using either or both datasets, we fitted a regression model to the total direct cost of care for 16,649 kidney and 6058 liver transplants.ResultsThe proportion of variation explained by these risk‐adjustment models increased significantly when combined administrative and clinical data were used for kidney (administrative only R2= .069, clinical only R2= .047, combined R2= .14, p < .0001) and liver (administrative only R2= .28, clinical only R2= .25, combined R2= .33, p < .0001).ConclusionIncorporating accurate clinical data into risk‐adjustment methodologies can improve risk adjustment methodologies; however, as majority of variation in cost remains unexplained by these risk‐adjustment models further work is needed to accuracy assess transplant value.
Forest microclimate and composition mediate long‐term trends of breeding bird populations
Authors: Kim Hankyu , McComb Brenda C. , Frey Sarah J. K. , Bell David M. , Betts Matthew G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractClimate change is contributing to biodiversity redistributions and species declines. However, cooler microclimate conditions provided by old‐growth forest structures compared with surrounding open or younger forests have been hypothesized to provide thermal refugia for species that are sensitive to climate warming and dampen the negative effects of warming on population trends of animals (i.e., the microclimate buffering hypothesis). In addition to thermal refugia, the compositional and structural diversity of old‐growth forest vegetation itself may provide resources to species that are less available in forests with simpler structure (i.e., the insurance hypothesis). We used 8 years of breeding bird abundance data from a forested watershed, accompanied with sub‐canopy temperature data, and ground‐ and LiDAR‐based vegetation data to test these hypotheses and identify factors influencing bird population changes from 2011 to 2018. After accounting for imperfect detection, we found that for 5 of 20 bird species analyzed, abundance trends tended to be less negative or neutral at sites with cooler microclimates, which supports the microclimate buffering hypothesis. Negative effects of warming on two species were also reduced in locations with greater forest compositional diversity supporting the insurance hypothesis. We provide the first empirical evidence that complex forest structure and vegetation diversity confer microclimatic advantages to some animal populations in the face of climate change. Conservation of old‐growth forests, or their characteristics in managed forests, could help slow the negative effects of climate warming on some breeding bird populations via microclimate buffering and possibly insurance effects.
Effect of chitosan molecular structure on the storage and controlled‐releasing property of double‐layer particles for bioactive proteins oral administration
Authors: Zhou Subin , Situ Wenbei 
Published: September 2022

SummaryA double‐layer chitosan‐based particle was designed and investigated to enrich the bioavailability of bioactive proteins/peptides. Chitosan (CTS) with different molecular weights and degrees of acetylation (DA) was demonstrated to influence the particle size and ζ‐potential of CTS‐based particles. In particular, when the second layer was crosslinked, the double‐layer particles became compacter. With lower molecular weight, flexible chains and lower DA value, the particles CTS50/CTS30‐TPP presented the most compact structure, depending on electrostatic interactions and charges of CTS for intermolecular reaction. Moreover, this particle had an excellent performance to keep nutraceutical ingredients stable, just leaked 2.199% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in pH 4.0 solution for 60 days. When it shifted to the gastrointestinal tract, there was 3.671% BSA released in stomach, 6.500% in small intestine and 35.07% in colon. With the good controlled‐releasing profile, the double‐layer particle has been considered suitable for functional food applications.
Lipid nutritional value and bioaccessibility of novel ready‐to‐eat seafood products with encapsulated bioactives
Authors: Sapatinha Maria , Afonso Cláudia M. , Cardoso Carlos L. , Pires Carla , Mendes Rogério , Montero María P. , Gómez‐Guillén María C. , Bandarra Narcisa M. 
Published: September 2022

SummaryIn order to develop a healthy food with easily absorbable nutrients for the elderly, functional ready‐to‐eat seafood based on restructured fish fillets (from undervalued fish species) and encapsulated fish oil was prepared and assessed. Four restructured fish products (raw fillet, RF and raw fillet with encapsulated material incorporation, RF+, and fried fillet, CF and fried fillet with encapsulated material incorporation, CF+) were tested. The study entailed characterising lipid fraction and determining lipid and fatty acid (FA) bioaccessibility. Frying increased the weight of the n6 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) content, from 3.9–5.1% to 6.8–10.2%. PUFA concentration decreased from 32.6–45.0 (RF and CF) to 28.3–34.4% (RF+ and CF+). Regarding bioaccessibility, the n3/n6 PUFA ratios were lowered in RF and RF+ and augmented in CF and CF+. To meet the EPA + DHA RDI and derive potential benefits for the elderly, two servings of RF, RF+ and CF+ and three servings of CF per week would suffice by ignoring bioaccessibility. However, based on bioaccessibility, 12 servings of RF and 6 servings of RF+ and CF contrast with only 2 servings of CF+. CF+ would be an excellent choice for enhancing n3 PUFA intake, thus representing a way of valorising undervalued marine resources through innovative functional food.
Nucleobindin‐2/nesfatin‐1 enhances the cell proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in gastric carcinoma
Authors: Ren Le , Bao Deming , Wang Liming , Xu Qin , Xu Yayun , Shi Zhenwang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNesfatin‐1, a newly discovered adipokine derived from nucleobindin‐2 (NUCB2), has been described as a new prognostic marker in cancers. This study aimed to explore the functional role of NUCB2/nesfatin‐1 in the cell proliferation, migration and invasion in gastric carcinoma (GC). The expressions of NUCB2/nesfatin‐1 in GC tissues and normal adjacent tissues (NATs) were compared, and the effect of inhibition of NUCB2/nesfatin‐1 on the cell proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in GC cell line SGC‐7901 was investigated. Cell transfection was conducted to inhibit NUCB2/nesfatin‐1 by short hairpin RNA. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion abilities were determined using cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8), 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU), wound healing and transwell assays, respectively. The expressions of EMT markers E‐Cadherin and N‐Cadherin were determined using western blotting. The expression of NUCB2/nesfatin‐1 protein in GC tissues was significantly increased compared with that in NATs. Consistently, the serum concentrations of NUCB2/nesfatin‐1 were significantly higher in patients with GC as compared with those in the control group. Moreover, the results of CCK‐8 assay and EdU assay indicated that knockdown of NUCB2/nesfatin‐1 could markedly decrease SGC‐7901 proliferation. Furthermore, the results of wound healing assay and transwell assay demonstrated that knockdown of NUCB2/nesfatin‐1 significantly suppressed SGC‐7901 migration and invasion abilities. Additionally, knockdown of NUCB2/nesfatin‐1 decreased the expressions of N‐Cadherin and increased the expressions of E‐Cadherin in SGC‐7901 cells. These findings suggest that knockdown of NUCB2/nesfatin‐1 suppressed the proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT of SGC‐7901 cells, suggesting a potentially promising therapeutic target for GC.