bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solving String Problems on Graphs Using the Labeled Direct Product
Authors: Rizzo Nicola , Tomescu Alexandru I. , Policriti Alberto 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSuffix trees are an important data structure at the core of optimal solutions to many fundamental string problems, such as exact pattern matching, longest common substring, matching statistics, and longest repeated substring. Recent lines of research focused on extending some of these problems to vertex-labeled graphs, either by using efficient ad-hoc approaches which do not generalize to all input graphs, or by indexing difficult graphs and having worst-case exponential complexities. In the absence of an ubiquitous and polynomial tool like the suffix tree for labeled graphs, we introduce the labeled direct product of two graphs as a general tool for obtaining optimal algorithms in the worst case: we obtain conceptually simpler algorithms for the quadratic problems of string matching () and longest common substring () in labeled graphs. Our algorithms run in time linear in the size of the labeled product graph, which may be smaller than quadratic for some inputs, and their run-time is predictable, because the size of the labeled direct product graph can be precomputed efficiently. We also solve on graphs containing cycles, which was left as an open problem by Shimohira et al. in 2011. To show the power of the labeled product graph, we also apply it to solve the matching statistics () and the longest repeated string () problems in labeled graphs. Moreover, we show that our (worst-case quadratic) algorithms are also optimal, conditioned on the Orthogonal Vectors Hypothesis. Finally, we complete the complexity picture around by studying it on undirected graphs.
Experiences of pelvic floor dysfunction and treatment in women with breast cancer: a qualitative study
Authors: Colombage Udari N. , Lin Kuan-Yin , Soh Sze-Ee , Brennen Robyn , Frawley Helena C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeTo explore the experiences of women with breast cancer and pelvic floor (PF) dysfunction and the perceived enablers and barriers to uptake of treatment for PF dysfunction during their recovery.MethodPurposive sampling was used to recruit 30 women with a past diagnosis of breast cancer and PF dysfunction. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and data were analysed inductively to identify new concepts in the experiences of PF dysfunction in women with breast cancer and deductively according to the capability, opportunity, motivation and behaviour (COM-B) framework to identify the enablers and barriers to the uptake of treatment for PF dysfunction in women with breast cancer.ResultsParticipants were aged between 31 and 88 years, diagnosed with stages I–IV breast cancer and experienced either urinary incontinence (n = 24/30, 80%), faecal incontinence (n = 6/30, 20%) or sexual dysfunction (n = 20/30, 67%). They were either resigned to or bothered by their PF dysfunction; bother was exacerbated by embarrassment from experiencing PF symptoms in public. Barriers to accessing treatment for PF dysfunction included a lack of awareness about PF dysfunction following breast cancer treatments and health care professionals not focussing on the management of PF symptoms during cancer treatment. An enabler was their motivation to resume their normal pre-cancer lives.ConclusionParticipants in this study reported that there needs to be more awareness about PF dysfunction in women undergoing treatment for breast cancer. They would like to receive information about PF dysfunction prior to starting cancer treatment, be screened for PF dysfunction during cancer treatment and be offered therapies for their PF dysfunction after primary cancer treatment. Therefore, a greater focus on managing PF symptoms by clinicians may be warranted in women with breast cancer.
Expected scalarised returns dominance: a new solution concept for multi-objective decision making
Authors: Hayes Conor F. , Verstraeten Timothy , Roijers Diederik M. , Howley Enda , Mannion Patrick 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn many real-world scenarios, the utility of a user is derived from a single execution of a policy. In this case, to apply multi-objective reinforcement learning, the expected utility of the returns must be optimised. Various scenarios exist where a user’s preferences over objectives (also known as the utility function) are unknown or difficult to specify. In such scenarios, a set of optimal policies must be learned. However, settings where the expected utility must be maximised have been largely overlooked by the multi-objective reinforcement learning community and, as a consequence, a set of optimal solutions has yet to be defined. In this work, we propose first-order stochastic dominance as a criterion to build solution sets to maximise expected utility. We also define a new dominance criterion, known as expected scalarised returns (ESR) dominance, that extends first-order stochastic dominance to allow a set of optimal policies to be learned in practice. Additionally, we define a new solution concept called the ESR set, which is a set of policies that are ESR dominant. Finally, we present a new multi-objective tabular distributional reinforcement learning (MOTDRL) algorithm to learn the ESR set in multi-objective multi-armed bandit settings.
Trophic Transfer Efficiency in Lakes
Authors: Mehner Thomas , Attermeyer Katrin , Brauns Mario , Brothers Soren , Hilt Sabine , Scharnweber Kristin , van Dorst Renee Mina , Vanni Michael J. , Gaedke Ursula 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTrophic transfer efficiency (TTE) is usually calculated as the ratio of production rates between two consecutive trophic levels. Although seemingly simple, TTE estimates from lakes are rare. In our review, we explore the processes and structures that must be understood for a proper lake TTE estimate. We briefly discuss measurements of production rates and trophic positions and mention how ecological efficiencies, nutrients (N, P) and other compounds (fatty acids) affect energy transfer between trophic levels and hence TTE. Furthermore, we elucidate how TTE estimates are linked with size-based approaches according to the Metabolic Theory of Ecology, and how food-web models can be applied to study TTE in lakes. Subsequently, we explore temporal and spatial heterogeneity of production and TTE in lakes, with a particular focus on the links between benthic and pelagic habitats and between the lake and the terrestrial environment. We provide an overview of TTE estimates from lakes found in the published literature. Finally, we present two alternative approaches to estimating TTE. First, TTE can be seen as a mechanistic quantity informing about the energy and matter flow between producer and consumer groups. This approach is informative with respect to food-web structure, but requires enormous amounts of data. The greatest uncertainty comes from the proper consideration of basal production to estimate TTE of omnivorous organisms. An alternative approach is estimating food-chain and food-web efficiencies, by comparing the heterotrophic production of single consumer levels or the total sum of all heterotrophic production including that of heterotrophic bacteria to the total sum of primary production. We close the review by pointing to a few research questions that would benefit from more frequent and standardized estimates of TTE in lakes.
Model parameters influencing the cost-effectiveness of sacubitril/valsartan in heart failure: evidence from a systematic literature review
Authors: Proudfoot Clare , Gautam Raju , Cristino Joaquim , Agrawal Rumjhum , Thakur Lalit , Tolley Keith 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To summarize cost-effectiveness (CE) evidence of sacubitril/valsartan for the treatment of heart failure (HF) patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The impact of different modeling approaches and parameters on the CE results is also described.

Methods
We conducted a systematic literature review using multiple databases: Embase®; MEDLINE®; MEDLINE®-In Process; NIHR CRD database including DARE, NHS EED, and HTA databases; and the Cost Effectiveness Analysis registry. We also reviewed HTA countries’ websites to identify CE reports of sacubitril/valsartan, published up to 25-July-2021. Articles published in English as full-texts, conference-abstracts, or HTA reports were included.

Results
We included 44 CE models [39 from 37 publications (22 full-texts; 15 conference-abstracts) and 5 HTAs; Europe, n = 20; North and South Americas, n = 14; Asia and Australia, n = 10]. Most models adopted a Markov structure with constant transition probabilities of events (n = 27) or a mix of Markov and regression-based models (n = 16), with variations in structural assumptions and chosen parameters. Study authors concluded sacubitril/valsartan to be a cost-effective therapy in 37/41 models in chronic HFrEF patients and 2/3 models in hospitalized patients stabilized after an acute decompensation for HF. CE models showing sacubitril/valsartan not to be a cost-effective treatment generally modeled a shorter time horizon. Effect of sacubitril/valsartan on cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, cost, duration of effect and time horizon was the main model drivers.

Conclusions
Most evidence indicated sacubitril/valsartan is cost-effective in HFrEF. The use of a lifetime horizon is recommended in future models as HF is a chronic disease. Data on the CE of sacubitril/valsartan in the inpatient setting were limited and further research is warranted.
Direct serendipity and mixed finite elements on convex polygons
Authors: Arbogast Todd , Wang Chuning 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe construct new families of direct serendipity and direct mixed finite elements on general planar, strictly convex polygons that are H1 and H(div) conforming, respectively, and possess optimal order of accuracy for any order. They have a minimal number of degrees of freedom subject to the conformity and accuracy constraints. The name arises because the shape functions are defined directly on the physical elements, i.e., without using a mapping from a reference element. The finite element shape functions are defined to be the full spaces of scalar or vector polynomials plus a space of supplemental functions. The direct serendipity elements are the precursors of the direct mixed elements in a de Rham complex. The convergence properties of the finite elements are shown under a regularity assumption on the shapes of the polygons in the mesh, as well as some mild restrictions on the choices one can make in the construction of the supplemental functions. Numerical experiments on various meshes exhibit the performance of these new families of finite elements.
Optimal harvest-time to maximize the annual camptothecin production by Ophiorrhiza pumila in a plant factory with artificial light
Authors: Lee Ji-Yoon , Goto Eiji , Yoshida Hideo , Hikosaka Shoko 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOphiorrhiza pumila is a medicinal plant that grows in subtropical forests and produces camptothecin (CPT). To determine an optimal harvest time of O. pumila in a plant factory with artificial light (PFAL), we investigated the CPT distribution in each organ and at the developmental stage and estimated the annual CPT production. For this study, the O. pumila plants were grown in controlled environments (16 h light period, photosynthetic photon flux density of 100 μmol m−2 s−1 under white light-emitting diode lamps, air temperature of 28 °C, relative humidity of 80%, and CO2 concentration of 1000 μmol mol−1). First, the stem, root, and seed pod had higher CPT contents than the leaves, flower, and ovary. The optimal harvest time of O. pumila in a PFAL was 63 days after transplanting (DAT), because the CPT content in the whole organs was the highest at the seed-ripening stage. Second, based on these results, the estimated annual CPT production of O. pumila cultivated in a PFAL was 380 mg m−2 y−1 (63 DAT). This value was 4.3 times greater than the annual CPT production by Camptotheca acuminata in a greenhouse. We concluded that the CPT production by O. pumila in a PFAL throughout the year has many advantages, although the demand for electrical energy was high compared to that of Camptotheca acuminata in a greenhouse.
MiR-183-5p-PNPT1 Axis Enhances Cisplatin-induced Apoptosis in Bladder Cancer Cells
Authors: Hu Qing-gang , Yang Zhi , Chen Jia-wei , Kazobinka Gallina , Tian Liang , Li Wen-cheng 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective
It has been reported that intrinsic apoptosis is associated with the progression of bladder cancer (BC). Recent evidence suggests that polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase 1 (PNPT1) is a pivotal mediator involved in RNA decay and cell apoptosis. However, the regulation and roles of PNPT1 in bladder cancer remain largely unclear.

Methods
The upstream miRNA regulators were predicted by in silico analysis. The expression levels of PNPT1 were evaluated by real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry (IHC), while miR-183-5p levels were evaluated by qPCR in BC cell lines and tissues. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to investigate the function of miR-183-5p and PNPT1 in apoptotic RNA decay and the tumorigenic capability of bladder cancer cells.

Results
PNPT1 expression was decreased in BC tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of PNPT1 significantly promoted cisplatin-induced intrinsic apoptosis of BC cells, whereas depletion of PNPT1 potently alleviated these effects. Moreover, oncogenic miR-183-5p directly targeted the 3′ UTR of PNPT1 and reversed the tumor suppressive role of PNPT1. Intriguingly, miR-183-5p modulated not only PNPT1 but also Bcl2 modifying factor (BMF) to inhibit the mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) in BC cells.

Conclusion
Our results provide new insight into the mechanisms underlying intrinsic apoptosis in BC, suggesting that the miR-183-5p-PNPT1 regulatory axis regulates the apoptosis of BC cells and might represent a potential therapeutic avenue for the treatment of BC.
In-Flight Measurements of Particle Temperature and Velocity with a High-Speed IR Camera During Cold Gas Spraying of In718 and TiAlCrNb
Authors: Fiebig Jochen , Gagnon Jean-Phillipe , Mauer Georg , Bakan Emine , Vaßen Robert 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUnlike other thermal spraying methods, it is difficult to determine the temperature of the particles during cold gas spraying due to the relatively low radiation. In the present study, the velocities and in-flight temperatures of metal particles were measured during cold gas spraying. A state-of-the-art high-speed infrared camera was used to study the behavior of two different base materials, In718 and TiAlCrNb, both used as structural materials in gas turbine engines. The experiments aimed to improve the fundamental understanding of the process, in particular the heating of the particles, and to compare the experimental results with theoretical calculations of the particle temperatures.
To determine if changing to white light street lamps improves road safety: A multilevel longitudinal analysis of road traffic collisions during the relighting of Leeds, a UK city
Authors: Marchant Paul Richard , Norman Paul D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLarge-scale installation of broad-spectrum (white) road lighting has been claimed to bring about a substantial reduction in road traffic collisions (RTCs). This confirmatory study estimates the effect on personal injury RTCs of a relighting programme that installed nearly 80,000 new white lamps, between the years 2005 and 2013, throughout the large UK city of Leeds. Time series of weekly RTC personal injury counts in 107 areas, within the city over nearly 9 years when its road lighting was almost completely relit, were analysed, using multilevel modelling. The background change in each area when and where no lighting was being changed was separated from that associated with when and where new replacement white lamps were installed by including a polynomial for the underlying time-trend. The key interest is how the installation of the new lamps affects the ratio of the rate of collisions occurring in darkness to those occurring in daylight. The measure sought is given by the daylight adjusted darkness collision rate ratio (CRR) for the specified amount of relighting, that is the factor by which the daylight adjusted collision rate changes by the specified change in lighting. The daylight adjusted darkness collision rate ratio (CRR) has a point estimate of 0.990 and a 95% confidence interval, CI (0.971, 1.010) for 100 replaced lamps; representing a range between a 3% reduction in the collision rate to a 1% increase. Using the series truncated at the end of 2011 that seems more trustworthy, gives a revised point estimate of 0.993 and a CI (0.971, 1.015). Both CIs include one, therefore no effect on road safety was detected. The CIs for any other number of lamps installed will also include one. Typically, the plausible range of road safety impact brought by the new white lamps for a typical area with 700 lamps, roughly spans 20% reduction to a 10% increase for the daylight adjusted darkness collision rate. No convincing evidence was found for an improvement (or detriment) in road safety by relighting with white lamps, despite the extensive, city-wide installation efforts and associated costs.
I Want More! The Role of Child, Family and Maternal Characteristics on Child Dispositional Greed and Sharing Behavior
Authors: van den Heuvel Marion I. , Seuntjes Terri G. , Ang Dionysius , Lewis Toni , Zeelenberg Marcel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Greed is often regarded as a negative trait that impedes prosocial behavior in adults. Yet, relatively little is known about the development of greed and its effects on children. We examine the effect of dispositional greed on sharing behavior in 4-to-6-year-olds. In addition, we identified potential factors associated with child greed, including child, family, and maternal characteristics. This study with 63 mother–child dyads (Agechild = 5.11, SD = 0.88, 50.8% female) revealed that child greed was associated with less prosocial behavior in an observational sharing task. More specifically, children who were reported as greedier by their mothers shared less than less greedy children. Having fewer siblings, less mindful maternal parenting style, and high maternal trait anxiety was associated with higher dispositional greed in children. Additionally, their mother rated greedier children as having higher negative affectivity. These findings suggest that child greed is an important developmental trait that warrants further investigation.

Highlights
• 63 mother–child dyads revealed that child greed was associated with less pro-social behavior in an observational sharing task
• Child greed was associated with higher rates of child negative affectivity.
• Having fewer siblings, less mindful parenting style, high maternal trait anxiety predicted dispositional greed in 4-to-6-year-old children
Fear of missing out and fear of not being up to date: investigating different pathways towards social and process problematic smartphone use
Authors: Casale Silvia , Fioravanti Giulia , Gioia Francesca , Redditi Eva , Spada Marcantonio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe present study introduces a new construct potentially associated with problematic smartphone use, that is the fear of not being up to date, and tests two serial mediation models, in which it was hypothesised that: (i) metacognitions and social smartphone use would be serial mediators of the relationship between the fear of missing out (FoMO) and problematic smartphone use (PSU); and (ii) metacognitions and process smartphone use would be serial mediators of the relationship between and the fear of not being up to date and PSU. A sample of 364 participants (F = 72.8%; mean age = 36.80 ± 15.32 years; age range: 18–75 years), recruited online, were administered a battery of self-report measures assessing FoMO, the fear of not being up to date, metacognitions about smartphone use, process and social smartphone use, and PSU. The serial mediation effect of metacognitions about smartphone use and process use on the relationship between the fear of not being up to date and PSU was significant (indirect effect = 0.004; 95% CI: [0.0006, 0.009]). Conversely, the serial mediation effect of metacognitions about smartphone use and social use on the relationship between FoMO and PSU was not significant (indirect effect = 0.002; 95% CI: [-0.003, 0.009]). Smartphone social use did not predict PSU. The current study highlights a possible pathway towards process smartphone use via a relatively new phenomenon termed “fear of not being up to date” within a metacognitive framework.
Multifractal approach to fully developed turbulence
Authors: Benzi Roberto , Vulpiani Angelo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe multifractal description of complex phenomena has been introduced in the first half of the 1980s for the characterization of the anomalous scaling of the fully developed turbulence and the structure of the chaotic attractors. From a technical point of view, the idea of the multifractal is basically contained in the large deviations theory; however, the introduction of the multifractal description in 1980s had an important role in statistical physics, chaos, and disordered systems. In particular, to clarify in a neat way that the usual idea, coming from critical phenomena, that just few scaling exponents are relevant, cannot be completely accurate, and an infinite set of exponents is necessary for a complete characterization of the scaling features. We briefly review here the basic aspects and some applications of the multifractal model for turbulence.
Serotonin Signaling Modulates Sexual Receptivity of Virgin Female Drosophila
Authors: Ma Baoxu , Wang Rencong , Liu Yaohua , Deng Bowen , Wang Tao , Wu Fengming , Zhou Chuan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe choice of females to accept or reject male courtship is a critical decision for animal reproduction. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) has been found to regulate sexual behavior in many species, but it is unclear how 5-HT and its receptors function to regulate different aspects of sexual behavior. Here we used Drosophila melanogaster as the model animal to investigate how 5-HT and its receptors modulate female sexual receptivity. We found that knockout of tryptophan hydroxylase (Trh), which is involved in the biosynthesis of 5-HT, severely reduced virgin female receptivity without affecting post-mating behaviors. We identified a subset of sexually dimorphic Trh neurons that co-expressed fruitless (fru), in which the activity was correlated with sexual receptivity in females. We also found that 5-HT1A and 5-HT7 receptors regulate virgin female receptivity. Our findings demonstrate how 5-HT functions in sexually dimorphic neurons to promote virgin female receptivity through two of its receptors.