bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Assessment of NCAA Division I Football Body Composition by Season and Player Age
Authors: Wichmann Therese K. , Wolfson Julian , Roelofs Erica J. , Bosch Tyler A. , Bach Christopher W. , Oliver Jonathan M. , Carbuhn Aaron , Stanforth Philip R. , Dengel Donald R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Wichmann, TK, Wolfson, J, Roelofs, EJ, Bosch, TA, Bach, CW, Oliver, JM, Carbuhn, A, Stanforth, PR, and Dengel, DR. Longitudinal assessment of NCAA Division I football body composition by season and player age. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1682–1690, 2022—The purpose of this study was to examine longitudinal body composition changes by position, categorized by season and age, using dual X-ray absorptiometry in NCAA Division I football players. Seven hundred nineteen collegiate male football players aged 18–22 years (

age ± SE = 19.4 ± 0.05 years) were examined. Percent body fat (%BF), fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), total body mass (TM), bone mineral density (BMD), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were measured. Players were categorized into position groups of Linemen, Big Skill, Skill, or Special Team. One player scan was used per season (preseason, postseason, and spring season). Analysis of variance and Tukey HSD assessed total and regional differences across age, position groups, and seasons (significance of p < 0.05). Linemen had the greatest FM and LM measures compared with other groups for season and age. From preseason to postseason, %BF, FM, LM, and BMD significantly decreased for each position group. From postseason to spring season, %BF, FM, and VAT decreased, whereas LM increased within each position group. FM, VAT, LM, and TM increased with age in all position groups. The findings of this study indicate that body composition significantly worsened from preseason to postseason and improved from the preseason and postseason to the spring season.
Pengaruh Layanan Dasar dengan Strategi layanan Informasi terhadap Kemandirian Belajar Siswa di SMA Negeri 5 Bukittinggi
Authors: Rahmi Mutia , Rahmi Alfi , Sari Intan 
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan berdasarkan fenomena yang ada di SMA Negeri 5 Bukittinggi yang menunjukkan dimana siswa masih bergantung pada orang lain dalam belajar, kurang mampu menentukan pihannya dan bertanggung jawab terhadap pilihannya. Jadi, kemandirian siswa dalam belajar yang rendah dapat dibantu dengan memberikan layanan bimbingan dan konseling yang salah satunya yaitu layanan informasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya perbedaan yang signifikan sebelum dan sesudah diberikannya layanan informasi terhadap kemandirian belajar Penelitian ini tergolong penelitian pre eksperimen model One Group Pretest Postest Design. Populasinya adalah seluruh siswa kelas X MIPA 2 di SMA Negeri 5 Bukittinggi yang berjumlah 36 orang, sedangkan teknik yang dipakai dalam pengambilan sampel adalah teknik Purposif Sampling dimana pengambilan sampel berdasarkan pertimbangan pertimbangan tertentu. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X MIPA 2. Data tentang kemandirian belajar siswa dikumpulkan melalui pretest dan postest, kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji Wilcoxon Rank Test dengan bantuan SPSS 22. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan terdapat perbedaan antara nilai pretest dan postest, hal ini juga dibuktikan dengan nilai zhitung (5,144) > ztabel (1.645) pada taraf signifikan 0,05. Maka dapat dikatakan Ha diterima artinya terdapat pengaruh layanan dasar dengan strategi layanan informasi terhadap kemandirian belajar siswa di SMA Negeri 5 Bukittinggi.
SHOULD WE ABOLISH THE DELICT OF SEDUCTION IN CUSTOMARY LAW: QUO VADIS SOUTH AFRICA?
Authors: Nqobizwe Mvelo Ngema  , WJ Ndaba  
Published: March 2022

This note investigates whether or not the time is ripe for South Africa to abolish the delict of seduction. The legislature has not yet abolished the delict of seduction in customary law. In addition, there are a growing number of academic commentators who are in full support of Bohler-Muller’s recommendation for the abolition of the delict of seduction in customary law. In investigating whether it is ripe for South Africa to abolish the delict of seduction under customary law, the first part of the note discusses the existing problems in customary law governing the delict of seduction. The second part discusses four challenges that might be created by its abolition under the following sub-topics, namely (a) social advantages for prohibiting pre-marital sexual intercourse; (b) religious consequences of pre-marital sexual intercourse and advantages for discouraging pre-marital sexual intercourse; (c) the link between the delict of seduction under customary law and the payment of lobolo; and (d) the relationship between the customary law delict of seduction and the value of gender equality. The third part of the note discusses the possible solutions to the problems.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness Cut-Points Related to Body Adiposity Parameters in Macedonian Children
Authors: Elezi Abdulla , Kadriu Valon , Elezi Gresa , Georgiev Georgi , Gontarev Seryozha 
Published: March 2022

Background and Objectives: There is a shortage of criteria referent standards for tests of logistic application meant to estimate the cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) of children and adolescents in the Republic of North Macedonia. The goal of the research was twofold: (1) To identify the ability of CRF estimated by the 20-m shuttle-run test (20mSRT) to discriminate between “healthy” and “unhealthy” phenotypes (by adiposity measures such as WC and WHR) in children; (2) To determine the correlation between obesity and relatively maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 peak) tested on a relatively large respondents’ sample of Macedonian children. The research was conducted on a sample of 1,863 respondents, 957 (51.4%) of whom were boys, and 906 (48.6%) were girls at the age of 7 to 10 years. All of them were from 19 primary schools in the central and eastern parts of the Republic of North Macedonia.
Materials and Methods: The waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were used to identify body adiposity markers. CRF was measured using the 20mSRT (VO2 peak). Receiver operating characteristic curves and logistic regression were applied in order to establish the discriminative power of CRF in anticipating the parameters of body adiposity markers.
Results: With regard both to the boys and girls, VO2 peak showed considerable predictive power of identifying the body adiposity (area under the curve [AUC] > 0.66). In boys, when considering the full sample (7-10 years), the best cut-point for VO2 peak to detect body fat by WC were 48.8 to mL•kg−1•min−1 and WHtR were 47.4 to mL•kg−1•min−1. For girls, when considering the full sample (7-10 years), the best cut-point to detect body fat by WC were 47.4 to mL•kg−1•min−1 and WHtR were 47.1 to mL•kg−1•min−1.
Conclusions: According to these cut-points, adolescents with low CRF were more likely to be obese either by WC or WHtR. The border values (cut-points) of CRF can be used as quantitative markers of children of healthier body characteristics from the Republic of North Macedonia.
Reactive Stress Tolerance in Preadolescent Sports Participants: A Comparison of Six Individual Non-Contact Sports
Authors: Pahan Manohar Kumar , Singh Mahendra Kumar 
Published: March 2022

Purpose of the study. The study's aim was to examine how reactive stress tolerance differs in preadolescence across six different non-contact sports.
Materials and Methods. Archery, cycling, shooting, swimming, track & field, and weightlifting are non-contact sports chosen for research. The study included 180 male sports cadets from the Jharkhand State Sports Promotion Society, with an age range of 11–13 years. To assess reactive stress tolerance, the determination test form S1 under the Vienna Test System was used. Sub-variables like the percentile ranks of correct, incorrect, and omitted responses, as well as the score of median reaction time, were selected for study. Comparisons were made between scores of sub-variables under the reactive stress tolerance of six selected sports disciplines. The main effect was determined using the Kruskal-Wallis test, while pairwise post-hoc comparisons were made using the Mann-Whitney U test. The significance level was set at 0.05.
Results. There were no significant differences in percentile rank of correct, incorrect, and median reaction times between selected sports. In terms of percentile rank of incorrect responses, sports like archery, shooting, and weightlifting differ significantly from swimming.
Conclusion. According to the findings, the sports in which distance is covered by producing bodily momentum are less likely to exhibit uncontrollable behaviour during athletic events.
Study of maternal mortality at a tertiary care centre
Authors: Sarasjothi M. , Lad Sheetal Umesh , Shinde Mangala Ashok 
Published: March 2022

Background: Pregnancy is not a disease and so pregnancy related death is almost always preventable. High rates of maternal deaths still exist in places, particularly in underdeveloped communities. The objective was to identify the maternal mortality ratio in our tertiary care centre and to discuss about the causes for maternal deaths.Methods: The present study is a prospective observational study on maternal mortality conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, VDGMC, Latur, Maharashtra, India during the period of 18 months from January 2019 to June 2020.Results are expressed in frequencies and percentages.Results: Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in our present study is 335.85 per 1,00,000 live birth. Among direct obstetric causes of maternal deaths, there were 58% hypertensive disorder cases,25% APH cases,25% puerperal sepsis cases, 8% embolism cases. Among indirect causes of maternal deaths, there were 61% anemic cases,39% liver disease cases,33% DIC cases, 11% heart disease.Conclusions: Maternal mortality is widely accepted as a key indicator of health and socioeconomic development. Each stage should be a positive experience, ensuring women and their babies reach their full potential for health and well-being.
Intravenous verses oral iron supplementation for anaemia of pregnancy in the arid region of Western India: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jain Yogesh K. , Joshi Nitin K. , Shah Kalpana R. , Chittora Isha , Joshi Vibha 
Published: March 2022

Background: India has a high prevalence of anemia in pregnant females, resulting greater risk of blood transfusion and its associated complications during the peripartum period. Administration of intravenous iron sucrose may reduce such a risk. Due to a greater prevalence in western arid region of India, this study was planned to compare efficacy and safety of intravenous iron sucrose and oral ferrous ascorbate in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia of pregnancy in a community health center of rural Jodhpur.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in Community Health Center of Jodhpur to review the heamoglobin values of pregnant females in 28 to 37 weeks of gestation, treated with either intravenous iron sucrose or oral iron ascorbate. Cohorts were matched based on parity and age, and the hemoglobin values after 2, 4 and 6 weeks of start of therapy were compared using independent t-test. Results: Of the 152 pregnant females’ records included in the study, 82 were provided intravenous therapy and 70 were given oral iron therapy. Both the modes of administration showed marked increase in heamoglobin values, with statistically more significant rise through parenteral route at each point of measurement. Overall change in mean heamoglobin was 2.43 g/dl through iv route and 0.61 g/dl through oral route (p<0.001). Adverse events following therapy were reported by 9 females from intravenous group and 31 women from oral group.Conclusions: The study provided evidence that parenterally administered iron sucrose elevated hemoglobin and restored iron stores better than oral ferrous ascorbate with lesser adverse reactions.
Importance of parenteral iron sucrose therapy in correction of iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy
Authors: Shah Aayushi B. , Shah Parul T. , Patel Rina V. , Patel Shlok 
Published: March 2022

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is described as decrease in the hemoglobin and/or the amount of red blood cells in the blood due to iron insufficiency in the body. The aim of the study was to measure the efficacy and tolerability of iron sucrose in iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women.Methods: This was the prospective study of 50 pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia (Hb- 5 g/dl to 8 g/dl) between 20-34 weeks of gestation, who were given intravenous iron sucrose as per their requirements and follow up measurement of Hb was done.Results: Mean rise in Hb was seen by 2.2 g/dl. Minor side effects were seen in 6 out of 50 participants. Conclusions: Parenteral iron sucrose therapy can be used effectively and safely in pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia
Nutritional status of children in districts of Haryana an analysis from National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4 and 5)
Authors: Singhal Parul , Ohlan Sunny , Singh Sandeep 
Published: March 2022

Malnutrition in early life either undernutrition or particularly obesity, can be the underlying cause of many non‐communicable diseases. Nowadays child growth failure phenomena are an enduring public health concern in lower and middle-income countries like India. DBM (Double burden of malnutrition) that is underweight and overweight is also a global concern. Recently, National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) 2019-21 of India, data reported that 35.5 % of children age less than 5 years are stunted or they are too short for their age; 20% of children are too thin for their height (wasted) and 32% under 5 children are underweight. The district-level data of nutritional status of children indices were extracted from the district fact sheets of Haryana state, published by NFHS, India. This study is based upon two-time frames of the NFHS (NFHS-4 and NFHS-5) series. District wise change detection of nutritional status of children. Results found that the prevalence of stunted children is still present and increased in 4 districts of Haryana whereas wasted and underweight decreased from previous Survey in all districts of Haryana. As per data reported in the NFHS-5 fact sheet, there are 11 districts in Haryana which shows increased in overweight in children. This study may beneficial for health policy and program makers to understand the dynamic trends of changes in nutritional status of children of under 5 years of age group across the various districts of Haryana.
Frequency of hypophosphatemia in critically ill children: risk factors and outcome
Authors: Saman Uroosa , Noreen Asma , Jamil Mohammad T. , Khalid Muhammad , Haq Sidra , Haque Anwarul 
Published: March 2022

Background: Phosphorus plays a vital role in maintaining metabolism and energy of body. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency, risk factors and outcome of hypophosphatemia (HP) in critically ill children admitted in pediatric intensive care unit.Methods: This retrospective study included all critically-ill children having phosphate levels within 24 hours of admission from July 2019 to December 2020. Demographic, clinical and laboratory variables were collected. HP is defined as serum phosphorus level ≤4 mg/dl in this study. Descriptive statistics along with logistic regression analysis have been reported. Results: Prevalence of HP was 53.7% (94/175). Median age was 2 year (0.5-15) and male were 58.5% (106). Serum magnesium level [2.2 (1.5-12.1) vs. 1.8 (1.2-4.0) mg/dl] and serum calcium level [8.7 (.18-10.7) 8.0 (1.8-14.0) mg/dl] were significantly low in the HP group as compared to the normo-phosphatemic group. There was no significant association of hypo-phosphataemia with admitting diagnosis, ICU therapies, and medications on univariate analysis. Hypo-phosphataemia at admission had no effect on mortality. On multivariate analysis, only male gender demonstrated independent association with HP (OR: 2.2; 95% CI 1.2-4.1; p<0.01).Conclusions: HP is common in critically ill children and is significantly associated with male gender. Prospective, larger sample size studies are needed to study the prevalence and risk factors of HP at pediatric intensive care units.
COVID-19 in children with congenital heart disease in Asia: clinical features and recommendations for management
Authors: Akhtar Samaa , Asif Assma 
Published: March 2022

Globally, around 1.35 million children are born with a congenital heart disease’s every year. Making CHDs one of the world's most common congenital anomaly and, thus, a significant global health issue. The CHD prevalence rate is highest in Asia (9.3 per 1000 live births) which is followed by Europe (8.2 per 1000 live births) and lowest in Africa (1.9 per 1000 live births). The existing high CHD burden on pediatric health infrastructures around the world has been worsened due to the global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Approximately, a total of 22.9 million children and adolescent cases of COVID-19 have been recorded. The highest infectivity rate has been in children under 3 years of age.3 90% of reported pediatric cases have been categorized as mild or moderate disease, 5.2% as severe and 0.6% as critical.4 Over 12,300 children and adolescents have died due to COVID-19. Of these deaths, 58% have occurred in the 10-19 age group and 42% in the 0-9 age group. Which can prove to be exceedingly detrimental in Low to Middle Income regions, such as Asia, where the medical infrastructure is less robust and usually poorly accessible. According to a systematic review on the association of COVID-19 and pediatric co-morbidities, around 5.1% of severely ill children have had an underlying comorbidity, such as CHD. However, at present, the data from Asia is very limited. There are only a handful of large, observational cohort studies. These have been conducted primarily in China, Iran, and India.
A study of correlation between prevalence of pulmonary artery hypertension with severity of bronchiectasis
Authors: Vidyasagar Sachin , Ganesan Natesh , Vadivelu Gangadharan 
Published: March 2022

Background: Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) dreadful complication in bronchiectasis. The 6th world symposium on pulmonary hypertension have taken mPAP of 20 mmHg as normal. Not much studies have been done based on the current cut off values, so we have incorporated values based on the new guidelines and made following observations.Methods: This study was designed as an observational cross-sectional study consisting of 27 patients, who were admitted in Pulmonary medicine department.Results: Out of 27 study subjects 15 were female’s and 12 were males. It was found that 70.3% had less than 5 segments involved and 29.6% had more than 5 segments involved. Mean value of PAH was 34.48±18.06 mmHg. Analysis showed a significant correlation (r=0.67) between number of segments involved and incidence of pulmonary hypertension.Conclusions: It is essential to evaluate the cardiac status of bronchiectasis patients at the time of diagnosis as cardiac manifestations are one of the dreadful complications.
Perception of people of seeking dental care during COVID-19 among adults in Madurai city: a cross sectional study
Authors: G. Ramalakshmi , Chavan Sangeeta , K. Umesh , R. Palanivel Pandian 
Published: March 2022

Background: This study aimed to assess the perception of people seeking dental care during COVID-19 pandemic, among adults in Madurai city.Methods: It is a cross sectional questionnaire study conducted among subjects visiting outpatient department of public health dentistry, in best dental science college, Madurai city, Tamil Nadu, India. A pretested questionnaire consisting of 13 items was used to record perception of receiving dental treatment during COVID-19. Results: The Study results showed that 60.5% people considered dental clinic visit as a risk of COVID and 16.5% of study population considered teleconsultations were effective.60% feared of seeking dental treatment during COVID pandemic.Conclusions: The results of the study revealed that there is an apprehension among people visiting dental clinic during pandemic, the treatments has to be made safe for dentist as well as the patients.
Knowledge, attitude and preventive behaviours regarding COVID-19 infection among medical students of Solapur, Maharashtra
Authors: Ram P. S. Nithes , Haralkar Santosh , Gawande Abhishek , Soni Akhil 
Published: March 2022

Background: It is important for medical students to know about COVID-19 in order for them to be a well-versed future health workers. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19 infection among medical students at government medical college in western Maharashtra. To study the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding COVID-19 infection among medical students and to find the association between KAP levels and demographic variables.Methods: An observational descriptive study with cross sectional design was conducted during July 2021 on 400 Under Graduate medical students of a Government medical college.Results: Out of 400 students 53%- female (212); 47%- male (188). Most of the students belong to Hindu religion 86.75% (347), rest Muslim 39 (9.75%), Christians 14 (3.5%). Overall, 92%, 81%, 90.5% of surveyed medical students had adequate knowledge, attitude and practice towards COVID 19 pandemic respectively.Conclusions: In our study, students exhibited good knowledge, positive attitude, and sensible practices regarding COVID-19. Such KAP studies should be conducted across other medical college and we should educate our medical students so that we can use the help of medical students for management of mild covid cases if manpower crisis occurs.
A comparative study on breastfeeding in rural and urban areas of Kanpur nagar, Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Ratan Shiv , Nigam Seema 
Published: March 2022

Background: Appropriate infant feeding, with early initiation of breastfeeding along with colostrum as the first food, exclusive breastfeeding to six months, followed by the introduction of complementary foods with continued breastfeeding, is important for survival as well as physical growth and mental development of the child. World breastfeeding week (WBW) is celebrated every year from 1 to 7 August to encourage breastfeeding and improve the health of children around the world. Our objective was to determine the knowledge and practice of EBF among study subjects. To compare knowledge and practice of EBF among rural and urban study subjects.Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study conducted amongst mothers having children between 0-24 months of age group in the area of RHTC and UHTC of department of community medicine, GSVM Medical College Kanpur. Data was collected using a predesigned and pretested questionnaire after the house-to-house survey and Chi-square test used.Results: Pre-lacteal feeds were given in 21.25% of children. Colostrum was given in 67.2% of babies. 18.5% of mothers initiate breastfeeding within 1 hour after delivery. 31.75% of babies were exclusively breastfed for more than 6 months. The majority of the mother (72.25%) continues breastfeeding up to 2 years. Majority (73%) of mothers give breastfeeding from both sides.Conclusions: In our study, awareness about breastfeeding, early initiation of breastfeeding and avoiding pre-lacteal feed. It supplies all the necessary nutrients in the proper proportions and protects against allergies, sickness, and obesity.