bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A conserved biosynthetic gene cluster is regulated by quorum sensing in a shipworm symbiont
Authors: Robes Jose Miguel D. , Altamia Marvin A. , Murdock Ethan G. , Concepcion Gisela P. , Haygood Margo G. , Puri Aaron W. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTBacterial symbionts often provide critical functions for their hosts. For example, wood-boring bivalves called shipworms rely on cellulolytic endosymbionts for wood digestion. However, how the relationship between shipworms and their bacterial symbionts is formed and maintained remains unknown. Quorum sensing (QS) often plays an important role in regulating symbiotic relationships. We identified and characterized a QS system found in Teredinibacter sp. strain 2052S, a gill isolate of the wood-boring shipworm Bactronophorus cf. thoracites. We determined that 2052S produces the signal N-decanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C10-HSL), and that this signal controls activation of a biosynthetic gene cluster co-located in the symbiont genome that is conserved among all symbiotic Teredinibacter isolates. We subsequently identified extracellular metabolites associated with the QS regulon, including ones linked to the conserved biosynthetic gene cluster, using mass spectrometry-based molecular networking. Our results demonstrate that QS plays an important role in regulating secondary metabolism in this shipworm symbiont. This information provides a step towards deciphering the molecular details of the relationship between these symbionts and their hosts. Furthermore, because shipworm symbionts harbor vast yet underexplored biosynthetic potential, understanding how their secondary metabolism is regulated may aid future drug discovery efforts using these organisms.IMPORTANCEBacteria play important roles as symbionts in animals ranging from invertebrates to humans. Despite this recognized importance, much is still unknown about the molecular details of how these relationships are formed and maintained. One of the proposed roles of shipworm symbionts is the production of bioactive secondary metabolites due to the immense biosynthetic potential found in shipworm symbiont genomes. Here, we report that a shipworm symbiont uses quorum sensing to coordinate activation of its extracellular secondary metabolism, including the transcriptional activation of a biosynthetic gene cluster that is conserved among many shipworm symbionts. This work is a first step towards linking quorum sensing, secondary metabolism, and symbiosis in wood-boring shipworms.
Opponent processing in the retinal mosaic of nymphalid butterflies
Authors: Pirih Primož , Ilić Marko , Meglič Andrej , Belušič Gregor 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe eyes of nymphalid butterflies, investigated with incident illumination, show colourful facet reflection patterns, the eye shine, which is uniform or heterogeneous, dependent on the species. Facet colours suggest that the ommatidia contain different sets of photoreceptors and screening pigments, but how the colours and the cell characteristics are associated has not been clearly established. Here we analyse the retinae of two nymphalids, Apatura ilia, which has a uniform eyeshine, and Charaxes jasius, a species with a heterogeneous eye shine, using single-cell recordings, spectroscopy and optical pupillometry. Apatura has UV, blue and green-sensitive photoreceptors, allocated into three ommatidial types. The UV and blue-sensitive cells are long visual fibres (LVFs), receiving opponent input from the green-sensitive short visual fibres (SVFs). Charaxes has an expanded set of photoreceptors, allocated into three additional, red-reflecting ommatidial types. All red ommatidia contain green-sensitive LVFs, receiving opponent input from red receptors. In both species, the SVFs do not receive any opponent input. The simple retina of Apatura with three ommatidial types and two colour-opponent channels can support trichromatic vision. Charaxes has six ommatidial types and three colour-opponent channels. Its expanded receptor set can support tetrachromatic vision.
Protein binding and differential distribution of calcitonin in the sub-compartments of blood: An In vitro study
Authors: Bryan Alex , Kumar Arun HS 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe pharmacodynamics effects of therapeutically administered calcitonin is observed for extended duration much beyond its reported short half-life. The rationale for this pharmacodynamic-pharmacokinetics mismatch of calcitonin is not known. Hence in this study the hypothesis on sub-compartmentalization of calcitonin in blood to explain the extended pharmacodynamics effects of calcitonin was evaluated in vitro using the sheep blood model. A relatively higher proportion of calcitonin concentration was observed in the WBC compartment. The partition coefficient analysis showed levels of calcitonin to be higher on WBC membrane compared to intracellular. Molecular modelling to assess the binding of calcitonin with protein in plasma and WBC membranes indicated physiologically relevant higher affinity with beta-2-microglobulin’s in plasma and glycoproteins (CD44), sushi domains (CD25), fibronectins (CD206) and siglecs (CD22) on WBC membrane. The physiologically relevant higher affinity with several proteins on WBC membrane and plasma can be responsible for extended pharmacodynamics effects observed for therapeutically administered calcitonin.
A multispecies framework for modeling adaptive immunity and immunotherapy in cancer
Authors: Qi Timothy , Vincent Benjamin , Cao Yanguang 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTPredator-prey theory is commonly used to approximately describe tumor growth in the presence of selective pressure from the adaptive immune system. These interactions are mediated by the tumor immunopeptidome (what the tumor “shows” the body) and the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire (how well the body “sees” cancer cells). Importantly, both tumor and T cell populations are dynamic and in competition with each other and their fraternal lineages. In particular, the immunopeptidome comprises neoantigens which can be gained and lost throughout tumorigenesis and treatment. Heterogeneity in the immunopeptidome is predictive of poorer survival and response to T-cell dependent immunotherapy in some tumor types, suggesting the TCR repertoire is unable to support a fully polyclonal response against every neoantigen. Whether between-lineage competition among T cells plays a role, and in what contexts, is unknown; moreover, longitudinal TCR profiling studies are expensive and logistically complex to conduct. In silico models may offer an inexpensive way to interrogate these phenomena ex ante and deepen our understanding of the tumor-immune axis. Here, we construct and calibrate a predator-prey-like model to preclinical and clinical data to describe tumor growth and immunopeptidome diversification. Simultaneously, we model the expansion of neoantigen-specific T cell lineages and their consumption of both lineage-specific and shared, lineage-agnostic resources. This predator-prey-like framework accurately described clinically observed immunopeptidomes as well as correlates and consequences of response to immunotherapy, including immunoediting. The model was also suitable for exploring treatment of tumors with varying growth and mutation rates.
Binding Interactions between RBD of Spike-Protein and Human ACE2 in Omicron variant
Authors: Jawad Bahaa , Adhikari Puja , Podgornik Rudolf , Ching Wai-Yim 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTEmergence of new SARS-CoV-2 Omicron VOC (OV) has exacerbated the COVID-19 pandemic due to a large number of mutations in the spike-protein, particularly in the receptor-binding domain (RBD), resulting in highly contagious and/or vaccine-resistant strain. Herein, we present a systematic analysis based on detailed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in order to understand how the OV RBD mutations affect the ACE2 binding. We show that the OV RBD binds to ACE2 more efficiently and tightly due predominantly to strong electrostatic interactions, thereby promoting increased infectivity and transmissibility compared to other strains. Some of OV RBD mutations are predicted to affect the antibody neutralization either through their role in the S-protein conformational changes, such as S371L, S373P, and S375F, or through changing its surface charge distribution, such as G339D, N440K, T478K, and E484A. Other mutations, such as K417N, G446S, and Y505H, decrease the ACE2 binding, whereas S447N, Q493R, G496S, Q498R, and N501Y tend to increase it.TOC GRAPHICS
Molecular Dynamics Simulations Studies On The Effects Of Mutations On The Binding Affinities Between SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD And Human ACE2
Authors: Arora Smriti , Patra Jeevan 
Published: February 2022

CONSPECTUSThe SARS-CoV-2 viruses had made a great impact on humankind and the world economy. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the newly identified B.1.617.1 and B.1.617.2 lineages possessed with few key mutations predominantly circulating. The signature mutations possessed by these lineages are situated in the RBD motif of S protein. Reports revealed variants L452R, T478K, and E484Q harbours in enhancement with hACE2 binding while P681R situated in furin cleavage site resulting in better transmissibility. To gain a deeper understanding of the impact of these variants (L452R, T478K and E484Q) binding with hACE2, structural dynamics at the interface between S-RBD protein and hACE2 were studied. We performed our dynamics studies with both single mutant complex (L452R, T478K and E484Q) and in the combination of triple mutants (L452R + T478K + E484Q) at 100ns in contrast with the wild type. Interfacial docking interactions and Molecular Mechanics approach exhibited that the spike mutants −L452R, T478K and E484Q harbour with higher binding affinity on hACE2 in contrast with its native spike protein. The presence of interfacial residue, intermolecular contacts such as hydrogen bonding, salt bridge and non-hydrogen bonded interactions might be the reason for its higher binding affinity. Hence the findings from our study unravelled plausible mechanism for the increase in affinities of mutants to hACE2 thus leading to higher transmissibility and infection of emerging variants. Further, the conformational alterations in the course of dynamics at the RBD motif led to enhancement of hACE2 binding and immune escape. These results suggest that the structural changes introduced by these variants enhance the binding affinities of the S protein with the hACE2 that could form the basis to further aid in designing therapeutics that could inhibit at the interface of S protein and hACE2 receptor.
Establishing reduced thermal mathematical model (RTMM) for a space equipment: an integrative review
Authors: Akbulut Mustafa , Ertas Ahmet H. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to, first, provide an overview of the previously conducted works related to thermal analysis of space equipment, including battery packages, especially lithium (Li)-ion ones. Second, the need for a reduced thermal mathematical model (RTMM) and a procedure devising it is defined. Finally, an experimental steady-state temperature distribution test is conducted to finalize the RTMM study.

Design/methodology/approach
This study was carried out as part of a development project for thermal analysis of Li-ion battery packages used in a space equipment. The study presents certain stages of the design of the battery pack in parallel with battery technology development. Following a literature review, a numerical thermal analysis is conducted; then interface thermal conductance values are found out by means of the first law of thermodynamics; and the study is completed with the help of an experimental test.

Findings
The study provides key aspects for a successful battery-package thermal design for a space equipment. Additionally, the study summarizes the experimental results used in the RTMM process and the computed thermal conductance values between node couples.

Practical implications
Thermal analysis is important and vital in space equipment considering their harsh working conditions and environments. Hence, the study provides a RTMM for the thermal analysis of Li-ion battery packages, instead of a full finite element model, to save computational time and CPU usage. The findings are supported by experimental results. Hence, presented details can be used as guidelines for enterprises having a goal of battery package technology achievement, including design and manufacturing.

Originality/value
After providing a literature review of studies conducted on satellite subsystems including Li-ion batteries, this study presents a clear, complete and verified process of a RTMM for a Li-ion battery package in aero/space structures design. It presents details of building up a model and calculation methodology through an iterative procedure in which an optimization algorithm known as particle swarm optimization (PSO) was benefitted. In the RTMM, additionally, experimental temperature distributions obtained through thermal vacuum test were presented. It has been shown that the model can be used reliably in designing space equipments.
The impact of front-of-the-packaging nutrition labelling warnings on consumer habits: a scoping review exploring the case of the Chilean Food Law
Authors: Silva Cintia Pereira da , Bento Aline Cristina , Guaraldo Elaine 
Published: February 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this scoping review was to summarise the general results of the Chilean Food Law implementation to help to understand how this policy has changed consumer's behaviour.Design/methodology/approachPreferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines were followed. Five databases were searched for studies published from January 2015 to February 2020 evaluating the Chilean population's perception, behaviour and purchasing habits of processed foods.FindingsThe results showed that consumers support the implementation of a front-of-package warning label (FOPWL) and thought it a good strategy to help make healthier food choices for themselves. However, even with a positive perception about these products, the intention-to-change the purchase of unhealthy food occurred only for sugar-sweetened beverages. Meanwhile, children did not stop eating foods that had a FOPWL, although the mothers' perception was that the presence of FOPWLs could be important to differentiate unhealthy from healthy products. The availability of products with FOPWLs at schools decreased, indicating that the law was being complied with and that the child-directed marketing strategy showed a reduction after the first phase of implementation.Practical implicationsThis evidence will guide other countries about in understanding and improving this policy.Originality/valueThis is the first study to gather research available in international databases that evaluated the results of the Chilean Law on the advertising of children's food and the perception, purchase intention, reformulation of products and consumption behaviour of the Chilean population.
The development of corporate governance literature in Malaysia: a systematic literature review and research agenda
Authors: Khatib Saleh F.A. , Abdullah Dewi Fariha , Elamer Ahmed , Hazaea Saddam A. 
Published: February 2022

PurposeThis study aims to provide a comprehensive review of the existing literature on corporate governance (CG) aspects of the Malaysian market. It offers insights into the phases of Malaysian CG, identifies crucial gaps in the literature and outlines an agenda for impending research.Design/methodology/approachFollowing a systematic literature review approach, a final sample of 125 studies from Scopus and Web of Science databases was used in this study. These studies were selected based on quality assessment criteria. Then, the sample literature was evaluated in terms of journals, methodology, theories, modelling, research outcomes and CG characteristics.FindingsThe results show that there is a growing interest among researchers to further explore CG aspects in Malaysia due to the continuous development of the Malaysian CG codes. Likewise, the review reveals that the majority of prior studies are quantitative and were carried out using archived data from non-financial firms. Also, the existing literature has primarily focused on the outcomes of CG, especially firm performance.Research limitations/implicationsOverall, the results show that there is ample room for future research. The present paper identifies a number of methodological problems and concerns, and discusses the implications of these problems, while also providing recommendations for future research. The main caveat is that the authors use scholarly papers published in academic journals only, but this approach offers them with opportunities for considerable further developments.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study contributes to the literature by being the first of its kind to concentrate on the Malaysian context. It provides a comprehensive knowledge assessment of the Malaysian CG research and offers advice regarding improvements in research, policy and practice by identifying possible knowledge gaps. Consequently, this study provides a cohesive story of the past and a road map for future research on Malaysian CG.
Entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurship policy and entrepreneurial competence: mediating effect of entrepreneurship competition in China
Authors: Li Guobiao , Long Zehai , Jiang Yujia , Huang Yangjie , Wang Peng , Huang Zhaoxin 
Published: February 2022

PurposeEntrepreneurial competence plays a decisive role in entrepreneurship success. To promote the employment of college students and accelerate economic growth through entrepreneurial activities, the Chinese government and universities encourage the use of multiple inputs to boost holistic entrepreneurship education and training. This study aims to assesses the entrepreneurial competence of college students by analysing the effects of entrepreneurship education and policy implementation in China.Design/methodology/approachThe quantitative approach considered a large sample of 12,269 students, who participated in entrepreneurship education in Chinese “double-first-class” universities, to construct a theoretical model of their entrepreneurial competence. Entrepreneurship competition was introduced as a mediating variable in this model.FindingsThis study revealed that college students develop entrepreneurial competence by participating in entrepreneurship competitions unlike students who participate in regular entrepreneurship education. Additionally, there was a significant difference in the measured impact of entrepreneurship policy between students who participated in entrepreneurship competitions and those who did not.Originality/valueThe effects of the implementation of entrepreneurship education and policy were studied using a quantitative design. Additionally, this study highlights the effect of entrepreneurship competitions with empirical evidence from China, and contributes to the discussion of entrepreneurship education at schools and entrepreneurship policy for policymakers.
Development of a Men's Health course for first-year undergraduates using culturally responsive teaching strategies
Authors: Majewska Ania A. , Stuart Johnasha D. , Gray Kelsey M. , Ryder Pearl V. , Vereen Ethell 
Published: February 2022

Purpose A novel first-year experience course was developed using culturally responsive teaching strategies at an undergraduate liberal arts college in the southeastern USA to promote health advocacy and to provide students with an overview of male health. The course focuses on the biological, sociocultural, economic and gender influences that shape men's health beliefs and practices. It also emphasizes health disparities in the USA among Black/African American men compared to other racial groups and intervention strategies to improve health outcomes.Design/methodology/approach The lecture and laboratory components of the course were designed as a blended learning environment with a modified flipped class model. Culturally relevant strategies guided the course design with three focus domains: academic success, cultural competence and sociopolitical consciousness. A community engagement model and service-learning activities were also incorporated in the design. The authors used course grades to gauge learning and implemented a survey to assess students' perception of the knowledge gained in three realms: men's health, health sciences and physical sciences.Findings This report describes the course design, highlights the value of using culturally responsive teaching strategies and service-learning projects to encourage students' active learning. Course activity examples are discussed with student responses. The authors found that students' perception of their knowledge in men's health, health sciences and physical sciences increased and the students performed well in the course.Originality/value This is one of few biology courses in the nation that intentionally focuses on the unique health challenges of Black men, while empowering college students to develop culturally competent strategies to improve their health outcomes. The findings suggest that the students learned the material and that their perceived knowledge on men's health increased. The authors urge other academic institutions and healthcare providers to consider implementation of similar courses in an effort to enhance male health equity.
From the wall of the industry to the soul of society: a review and multi-level analysis on projectification
Authors: Voros Fregolente Mariana , Neto Achiles Camilo Soares , Ribeiro Daniel Ricardo Pereira , Salerno Mario Sergio , Nakano Davi Noboru , de Carvalho Marly Monteiro 
Published: February 2022

PurposeThe growing presence of projectification is affecting more than its cradle, the industry, characterizing it as a broader phenomenon than initially envisioned. This study aims to provide a literature review on the concept.Design/methodology/approachThe sampling process includes articles from two databases, Web of Science and Scopus, and a backward snowballing sampling through the references, entailing the analysis of 103 documents. The publications were analyzed applying bibliometric, content and semantic analyses both manually and with the assistance of VOSViewer, Bibliometrix, NVivo11 and Tropes v.8.FindingsThe results identified 55 definitions of projectification. The study synthesizes them in five levels of analysis to capture their main distinctive aspects, as follows: (1) Private Organizations; (2) Public Sector; (3) Academy; (4) Individuals (work and private life); and (5) Society. The paper concludes by depicting factors as general effects, negative effects, tensions, funding and knowledge, embedded within each level of analysis.Originality/valueThis work sheds light on the evolution of projectification concept, presents a multilevel analysis of its consequences and brings forward the related topics, which still require further investigation.