bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TBD
Authors: Hoes Charles 
Published: May 2022

This TBD column finds me in a rather different place than I was just a couple of years ago. At that time, I made an agreement with one of my senior engineers that I would keep my safety consulting business going until he reached his retirement age goal and I reached my 65th birthday. At that point, my plans were to “retire” in some way or another. Not completely retire, but reduce my staff and begin working part time instead of full time — and choose more interesting projects.
In preparation for this event, my wife and I made a few changes to our living arrangement. This mainly involved paying off the remainder of the mortgage on our house and installing a 7 kW solar array. Those investments resulted in our having almost no mortgage and close to zero energy costs. So far this year, our total electric bill is about $20 after 10 months — including our air conditioning, swimming pool and hot tub electricity use. Now, we can comfortably live on Social Security. We also managed to put aside a retirement nest egg that allows us some flexibility to do things besides just existing on Social Security. I no longer have to work for a living; I now only work for fun.
OSH Management Systems: The Plan-Do-Check-Act Cycle
Authors: Wise David 
Published: May 2022

Are your occupational safety and health (OSH) management systems powered with Relational Database Management Technology (RDMT) or equivalent technology?
That is, do they share OSH compliance management data relationally within and between multiple programs?
In the previous two issues of Journal of System Safety, I introduced two important aspects of effective occupational safety and health (OSH) management systems (MS):

Content: i.e., they are built on Federal regulations and official guidelines only
Structure: i.e. they manage multiple programs based on or similar to the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) model of “continuous improvement.”
President's Message
Authors: Schmedake Robert 
Published: May 2022

In preparing for my final President’s message, I have reflected on what we have accomplished. I mean this in both the general, with regard to the discipline of system safety, as well as the specific with regard to the last two years in the International System Safety Society.
One of my favorite hobbies is restoring antique radios. I was recently reminded of some hazards associated with an antique radio where the use of a non-polarized plug can result in a hot chassis — a potentially fatal mistake. This was a common feature of early electrical designs. Today, we take it as a given that plugging in an appliance is a safe act. With these older systems, the metal chassis could deliver a fatal shock if the user were to come in contact with it.
TBD
Authors: Hoes Charles 
Published: May 2022

There is a bit of an email “round table” circulating amongst several of the “grey beards” of the International System Safety Society that everyone might be interested in. The general topic of discussion has to do with, “Why isn’t system safety more effective?” I hope this discussion is going to turn into a paper or presentation by someone other than myself, so I don’t want to interfere with that process. However, the topic has struck a few chords with me that might be of interest to you. So far, there are at least three points of view or theories as to why system safety isn’t more important or desired:

Safety is seen as “an expense” — Corporations are focused on profits. It’s a given that accidents reduce profits, and that system safety reduces accidents. Therefore, industry leaders must not understand the costs associated with uncontrolled risks, because if they did, they would put more effort toward system safety.
The “right” people are not informed — Industries have a way of making big commitments, pledges and changes after a well-publicized event has occurred. We spend a lot of time and effort attempting to warn our customers/employers about the risks of these kinds of newsworthy events, but if we do it by talking to those in system safety, we are mostly just “preaching to the choir.”
The concept of system safety isn’t being “sold” properly — We do not do a good enough job of selling our ability to add value to the project or team. We need to promote our profession as a value-added service, not just a risk reduction activity.
System Safety in Healthcare
Authors: Raheja Dev , Escano Maria 
Published: May 2022

Electronic health records (EHR) are critical to precision medicine. They provide greater patient access to medical history data and are available quickly. But there are many inherent risks in using these records.
According to a new study, even in long-standing EHR systems such as the one used by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system, many significant EHR-related safety concerns remain. In a study of investigations of EHR-related safety violations launched through the VA’s Informatics Patient Safety office (IPS) from 2009 to 2013, researchers looked at 100 closed cases at 55 VA facilities. Of those cases, 74 involved unsafe technology, and 25 involved unsafe use of technology, which the researchers of the study wrote “most commonly involved the dimensions of people, clinical content, workflow and communication, and human interface.” A majority of cases (70 percent) involved both unsafe technology and unsafe use.
Notes on Society History
Authors: Gordon Rex 
Published: May 2022

In previous History Notes, I have addressed the genesis of our Society. Here, I will address the development of the system safety concept (SSC). The impetus for this was a request from Charlie Hoes (author of the Journal of System Safety column “TBD”) to help him better understand just where this concept came from, as well as its authors.
Of course, the SSC came into existence long before our Society, which was created primarily to promote the SSC. There are numerous opinions on this subject and many have been addressed, directly or indirectly in the pages of this Journal during the past 50 years. I suspect that a detailed examination would find they do not all agree. Realizing that this ambiguity may create some consternation among the really curious — and as the currently appointed Society Historian — I felt it best to attempt to define the milieu in which the system safety concept has advanced.
Exploring the Future of System Safety
Authors: Muniak Charles 
Published: May 2022

San Diego, California was the site of the 33rd International System Safety Conference (ISSC), allowing attendees to meet with their peers, reconnect with colleagues, observe technical paper presentations, attend tutorials, earn CEUs and much more. Those attending the ISSC also got a tour of the USS Midway, allowing them to visit a piece of the past while planning for the future.
Highlights from the 33rd International System Safety Conference.
From the Editor's Desk
Authors: Muniak Charles 
Published: May 2022

One of the luncheon speakers at the 2016 International System Safety Conference was Paul W. Hanley, Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Safety). Mr. Hanley covered a number of topics, but one of his remarks struck me as particularly memorable: “We should want to get out of the explanation business and into the prediction and prevention business.” This is a key goal of system safety and we need all the tools we can get to help with the business of “prediction and prevention.” The first technical paper in this issue of Journal of System Safety, “A Novel Near-Miss Event Model with a Quantitative Assessment Methodology” by David R. Sadler, provides some help in this area.
In Memoriam: Dr. German A. Smirnov
System Safety in Organizational Safety Decision Making
Authors: Jones Malcolm 
Published: May 2022

The two cardinal aspects of safety are intrinsic safety and its demonstration. A key element of demonstrating system safety is the organizational structure that is best placed to ensure and demonstrate that high standards of safety are clearly in place for its products, processes and facilities. This is particularly important for high-consequence industries. Accomplishing this depends on a number of organizational integrated layers of scrutiny, ranging from the accumulation of arguments and evidence at the lower levels to final executive decision making. The latter holds final responsibility and accountability. Potential problems arise because products, processes and facilities are becoming more and more complex and the associated supporting data inordinately large. In turn, the organizational processes that enable top-level decision makers to make wise and informed decisions are themselves becoming more complex and difficult. This final stage requires clear and transparent communication.
Organizations have moved more towards the application of peer review to support final decision making but, nevertheless, one still expects the final decision-making layer to provide further independent scrutiny to enhance overall confidence in the process. This would represent a three-tier independent process — strength in depth. This is the subject of the paper.
System Safety In The News
Authors: Muniak Charles 
Published: May 2022

Study Finds Workplace Safety Possibly Linked to a Company’s Financial Situation
FTA Issues Report Citing Washington DC’s Metro as Not Putting Safety as Top Priority
Indonesia’s Air-Safety Rating Upgraded by FAA
FAA Advises Passengers Not to Use Samsung Phone on Airplanes
Government Agency Mandates Safety Programs for Local Passenger Railroads
Developing System Safety Engineers for the Future
Authors: Muniak Charles 
Published: May 2022

The 2016 ISSC took place in Orlando, Florida where, in addition to tutorials, roundtables and paper presentations (see page 45), those in attendance networked with their fellow professionals from around the world to share their ideas, find solutions to challenges, and get better prepared for engineering safety for the future.
Highlights of the 34th International System Safety Conference
President's Message
Authors: Simmons Rodney 
Published: May 2022

In my last couple of messages to the Society, I cited Andy Grove, former CEO of Intel, who, in his 1998 book, Only the Paranoid Survive, advanced the concept of the “strategic inflection point” (see figure), and then discussed its implications for our Society, both from the standpoint of influence and relevance. I think that the Society is making good progress in that regard.
Our Society has an important role to play as the go-to organization for learning how to effectively implement system safety engineering and management, regardless of the application. This is part of our “export” strategy, whereby we help other sectors to adopt the system safety approach. In mid-December 2016, I represented the Society as an invited speaker at a conference on NORM (naturally-occurring radioactive material) in Abu Dhabi, which focused on the upstream oil and gas industry. It is significant that many of our members are active outside of the traditional defense/aerospace sector, and they are doing great work to expand our influence in business, industry and academia.
In memoriam: Erskine Harton
System Safety In The News
Authors: Muniak Charles 
Published: May 2022

FAA Ordered to Address Safety Concerns Over Shrinking Airline Seats and Growing Passengers
In July 2017, a U.S. Appeals Court judge ordered the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to review the size of airline seats based on safety concerns. In what she termed “the incredible shrinking airline seat,” Judge Patricia Ann Millett ordered the FAA to take the action, saying the agency had been remiss in its job of setting minimum standards for the size of economy class seats, along with the distance between rows. In the order, Millett directed the FAA to
President's Message
Authors: Muniak Charles 
Published: May 2022

The recent International System Safety Conference (ISSC) in Albuquerque, New Mexico was a thought-provoking event.
Professor Edward Gibson gave the first keynote address. He described the engineering programs at Arizona State University (ASU) and some possible relations with the system safety discipline. Members of the Executive Council (EC) had additional meetings with Dr. Gibson to explore including system safety concepts in the school’s engineering curriculum, as well as the relationship between ASU and the ISSS.
One of the most venerable members of our Society, John Rankin, gave several presentations on hazard analysis. He also provided a viewing of the movie Fate is the Hunter and explained how it helped inspire him to invent Sneak Circuit Analysis.
The Conference featured many excellent papers and tutorials. One that received a good deal of positive commentary was on the topic of “gamification” in teaching software safety analysis. The authors, Brian Connell and David Musgrave, have developed an entertaining and effective way to train on this topic.
Design-Based Safety
Authors: MacCollum David 
Published: May 2022

The prevention of unintended occurrences — usually identified as “accidents” that result in personal injury or damage — is usually considered as “safety.” The most common approach to safety focuses on behavior that attempts to prevent accidents from occurring with the involvement of users and operators. In many circumstances, this has been the only option to prevent accidents.
Technology has provided us with many machines, and society relies more and more on complex equipment which now is entering an age of automation. Going forward, safe design will be the key to preventing accidents. The transition from behavior-based safety to design-based safety is not easy, as both the public and engineering professionals lack the wide scope and diversity of knowledge needed to ensure for safe design in complex systems. Traditionally, many designers and manufacturers have considered the cause of accidents to be the ineptness of users/operators. As more and more of the error-producing tasks become automated, the measuring of safe performance becomes an issue of reliability. The new concept of safety shifting from behavior-based to design-based safety now becomes a whole new ball game.
System Safety in Healthcare
Authors: Raheja Dev , Escano Maria 
Published: May 2022

The objective of performing Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is to use sound risk management principles, coupled with innovative solutions that can assure high return on investment (ROI). Quality Guru Philip Crosby wrote in his book, Quality is Free, that quality is free if you do the right things at the right time. Essentially, the savings from avoiding fixes, process changes and lawsuits are much higher than the cost of doing things right. The principles of sound risk management, experienced by this paper’s co-author Dev Raheja as an international engineering management consultant over 30 years, include:

Identifying risks
Assessing risks
Mitigating risks
Orchestrating risk management
Aiming at high ROI without compromising safety
Model-Based System Engineering and Software System Safety Workshop
Authors: Hendrix Barry , Dwyer Saralyn , West Dave 
Published: May 2022

The G-48 System Safety Committee sponsored a Model-Based System Engineering (MBSE) and Software System Safety (SSS) workshop, hosted by A-P-T Research, Inc. (APT) in Huntsville, Alabama, on May 2-3, 2017. The idea of this workshop evolved at the 34th International System Safety Conference (ISSC) in Orlando, Florida, during presentations and a paper by Barry Hendrix, which noted that the MBSE needs to include more system safety and software system safety processes. An action recorded under urgent-need topics by International System Safety Society (ISSS) Fellow Dave West at the G-48 meeting in Orlando resulted in volunteers to host and coordinate the workshop.
The MBSE SSS workshop consisted of a panel of seven subject matter experts. Approximately 40 attendees were present and more than 70 people viewed the workshop via a NASA live video streaming feed. The MBSE SSS panel consisted of Barry Hendrix, APT; Dr. Fayssal Safie, APT; Dr. Donna Havrisik, Government Agency System Engineering; Josh McNeil, AMRDEC Software Engineering Directorate (SED); David Arterburn, University of Alabama Huntsville; Joe Hale, NASA; and Paul Gill, NASA. Many attendees were from local Redstone Arsenal agencies, such as AMCOM, PEO Missiles & Space, and the Missile Defense Agency. Several contractors from companies within Cummings Research Park also attended. Special out-of-town guests included Peggy Rogers, U.S. Navy Software System Safety Technical Review Panel (SSTRP); Bob McAlister, U.S. Air Force; and Lynece Pfledderer, Lockheed Martin (LM), along with five other LM attendees from Texas, Florida and Connecticut.
Assessing the Role of Broadcast Journalism in Reshaping the Political Terrain in Nigeria Fourth Republic
Authors: Cynthia Jumbo N. , Uche Macaulay Samuel , O. Megwa Godswill I. , Imaikop Okpongkpong, Grace , Nseobong Ukpong, Edikan , Williams Etumnu, Emeka 
Published: May 2022

Over the years the Nigerian political environment has been tagged dirty especially in the fourth republic, as a result of this those who may want to venture into politics with genuine interest might be discouraged because of this trend. Regrettably, the political environment in Nigeria is generally based on tribal or regional identity rather than ideology and this has continued to hinder the progress of the political system in Nigeria. Hence, this paper looked at the various roles broadcast media as a powerful tool of change has played or can play in reshaping the political terrain in Nigeria. The authors showed the relationship that exists between broadcast journalism and politics in Nigeria and how it is indispensable in reshaping the political environment. This study was underpinned on Yale’s persuasion theory. The library research method was adopted in this study. It was concluded that the broadcast media have been doing a lot through its programmes to encourage positive political development and this explain why most of these political actors want to identify with them because of the power they wield in causing change. It was also recommended that broadcast journalism should be free from gagging so that they can function effectively in helping to shape the political terrain of Nigeria. Also, in a situation of heated polity characterized by negativity, broadcast journalism should be non partisan, instead its platform should be used to promote positive politics and encourage tremendous political growth. Through it, political actors will be made to see why positive politics should be practice for the purpose of growth.
Antimicrobial Activities and Phytochemical Screening of the Solvent fractions of the Leaves and Stems of Leea guineensis G. Don
Authors: B. A. Bamkefa , A. M. Adeosun , O. O. Elaturoti , B. M. Olowe , O. Abiola-Olagunju 
Published: May 2022

Aim: We evaluated the antibacterial activities and phytochemical distribution of the solvent fractions of the leaf and stem of Leea guineensis G. Don.
Methodology: The antibacterial activities and phytochemical distribution of the solvent fractions of the leaf and stem of L. guineensis were determined using standard procedures.
Results: Methanol fraction of the leaves at 100 mg/mL showed activity against Acinetobacter baumammii while both ethyl acetate and methanol fractions of the leaves at 100 mg/mL have activities against Acinetobacter baumammii. The methanol fraction of LGS leaves at 25-100 mg/mL was potent against Escherichia coli, while the ethyl acetate fraction of the stem at 100 mg/mL was inhibitory to Escherichia coli. Both the ethyl acetate and methanol fractions of the leaf of LGS possess antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, however, the methanol fractions of the stem alone inhibit Staphylococcus aureus. Ethyl acetate and methanol fractions of the leaf were inhibitory to Pseudomonas aeruginosa while ethyl acetate fraction of the stem was highly efficacious on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Only the methanol fraction of the leaf was potent against Proteus mirabilis, while both ethyl acetate and methanol fraction of the stem were potent against Proteus mirabilis. Both ethyl acetate and methanol fractions of the stem at 100 µg/mL were potent against Klebsiella pneumoniae but, only the methanol fraction of the stem was potent on Klebsiella pneumoniae. The methanol fraction of the leaves was potent against Salmonella Typhi however, both ethyl acetate and methanol fraction of the stem were potent against Salmonella Typhi. More phytochemicals were found in ethyl acetate and methanol fractions of both the leaves and stems.
Conclusion: The ethyl acetate and methanol fractions of the leaves and stem of L. guineensis seem to possess some antibacterial properties courtesy of the abundant phytochemicals found in these fractions.
Correlation and Path Analysis in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Genotypes
Authors: Srikanth Kante , Ghodke M. K. 
Published: May 2022

Aims: Evaluation of correlation between yield and yield contributing traits in Sesame, as well as to determine their direct and indirect effects on fruit yield of sesame genotypes.
Study Design: Randomized block design (RBD) with two replications.
Place and Duration of Study: Oilseeds Research Station, Department of genetics and plant breeding, College of Agriculture, VNMKV, Latur (MS), between July 2016 and January2017.
Methodology: For statistical analysis mean values are used. SPSS version 17.0 and GENRES were used to perform the correlation and path analysis using Sixty five accessions and evaluated for the following eleven traits: days to 50% flowering (D50%), days to maturity (DM), capsule length (CL), capsule width (CW), plant height (PH), number of branches per plant (NBP),number of capsules per plant (NCP),number of seeds per capsule (NSC),1000-seed weight (1000SW), oil content (OC), seed yield per plant (SYP).
Results: The correlation analysis indicated that CL (0.237), PH (0.225), NCP (0.806), NSC (0.372), 1000SW (0.657) and OC (0.532) positively correlated with seed yield at genotypic as well as phenotypic levels, respectively. Path coefficient analysis indicated that NCP (0.746), 1000SW (0.356), OC (0.007), NSC (0.267), CL (0.0608) and PH (0.034) exhibited positive direct effect on seed yield.
Conclusion: Positive indirect effect was observed by both DM, NBP has expressed positive and indirect effect on yield via their component traits. Selection among genotypes based on these analyses can be made for further improvement in fruit yield and component characters
Selection of Suitable Pearl Millet Hybrids for Arid and Semi-Arid Conditions through Combining Ability Analysis
Authors: Shekhawat Komal , Kumawat Swarnlata , Kumar Anil , Sharma Nemichand , Shekhawat Deepandra Singh , . Somdutt , Gupta P. C. , Sharma A. K. 
Published: May 2022

Present investigation was carried out to study combining ability effects for grain yield and its component traits in 77 hybrids of pearl millet. From the results of GCA effects, it was revealed that a number of parents namely, ICMA 98222, ICMA 93333, ICMA 30199, ICMA 30201 (female parents), and BIB 481-500, BIB 561-570 and BIB 571-581 (male parents) were found to be good general combiner for grain yield and most of its component characters. On the basis of GCA effects, lines ICMA 98222, ICMA 88004, ICMA 93333, ICMA 30199, ICMA 30201 and testes BIB 571-580, BIB 561- 570, BIB 511- 520, BIB 481- 500, BIB 531- 540 were good general combiner for more than nine yield contributing characters. The SCA effects of the crosses namely, ICMA 97111 x BIB 561- 570, ICMA 98222 x BIB 481- 500, ICMA 88004 x BIB 501- 510 and ICMA 93333 x BIB 551-560 were significant and were identified as superior for seed yield and related traits over the environments. Therefore, these parents and hybrids were recommended for utilization in development of promising populations as well as hybrid development.