bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simplified Chinese Version of the Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score in Evaluating Patients with Metastatic Spinal Tumor: A Cross‐Cultural Adaptation and Validation
Authors: Chen Jiajia , Wu Chunshuai , Hong Hongxiang , Wang Xiangyu , Zhang Jinlong , Xue Pengfei , Jiang Jiawei , Wang Dan , Cui Zhiming 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveTo translate the original English version of the Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS) into simplified Chinese, adapt it cross‐culturally, validate its psychometric properties in measuring spinal instability in patients with metastatic spinal tumors in the Chinese mainland, examine the reliability and validity to demonstrate its accuracy and applicability in clinical practice.MethodsPatients diagnosed with metastatic spinal disease between January 2016 and January 2020 were recruited. The number of participants was advised to be at least 50 for appropriate analysis of reliability, construct validity, as well as ceiling or floor effects, and recruitment of 100 patients was advised for internal consistency analysis. The study was conducted in two phases: first, the SINS was translated into simplified Chinese; second, the factor structure, internal consistency, test–retest reliability, validity, and floor and ceiling effects of the SC‐SINS were assessed. The internationally recognized cross‐cultural adaptation guidelines were followed. Internal consistency was evaluated with Cronbach's alpha. Test–retest reliability was examined among the patients with a 4‐week interval. The validity of the Chinese version of SINS (SC‐SINS) was assessed by examining its relationship with Kostuik classification. Principal component analysis was conducted to confirm the factor structure of each subscale.ResultsA total of 160 participants (88 males and 72 females) were enrolled. No major difficulties occurred in the forward and backward translations of SINS. The internal consistency of SC‐SINS was excellent (Cronbach's α =0.857, ranging from 0.68 to 0.85). Test–retest reliability was also excellent with a value of 0.89, ranging from 0.86 to 0.95. Validity analyses indicated that the SC‐SINS was positively and significantly correlated with Kostuik classification. The correlation between “Posterolateral Involvement of Spinal Elements” and “1‐2 Partial Damage” was the highest with a correlation value of 0.792. The correlation between “Pain” and “1–2 Partial Damage” was the lowest with a value of 0.341. All items showed principal component coefficients greater than 0.4. The values of Factor 1 ranged from 0.523 to 0.681; Factor 2 ranged from 0.591 to 0.731; Factor 3 ranged from 0.613 to 0.754; Factor 4 ranged from 0.461 to 0.711; Factor 5 ranged from 0.513 to 0.701; and Factor 6 ranged from 0.501 to 0.668. In addition, neither floor nor ceiling effects were seen in the SC‐SINS.ConclusionThe SC‐SINS demonstrated high internal consistency and test–retest reliability, which has been proven valid and reliable to measure spinal stability in patients from the Chinese mainland with metastatic spinal tumor.
First clinical experience using a visualized sheath for atrial fibrillation ablation
Authors: Khalaph Moneeb , Sommer Philipp , Lucas Philipp , Guckel Denise , Fink Thomas , Sciacca Vanessa , Hamriti Mustapha El , Imnadze Guram , Braun Martin , Sohns Christian , Bergau Leonard 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionRecently, a novel steerable sheath allowing its real‐time visualization within a 3D‐mapping system was introduced to facilitate atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation.AimThis study aimed to assess safety and efficacy of AF ablation using the visualized sheath and to compare its performance with a matched control group of patients who received ablation with conventional and non‐visualized sheaths.MethodsThe study included consecutive patients between 09/2019 and 02/2021 who underwent routine AF ablation using the visualized sheath. Patients were regularly followed‐up in our outpatient's clinic. Arrhythmia recurrence was defined as any atrial fibrillation (AF)/ atrial tachycardia (AT) episode lasting > 30 s after a blanking period of 3 months.ResultsA total number of 100 patients undergoing ablation using the visualized sheath were compared to a group of 99 matched patients. No major complications were observed. Total procedure duration (108 ± 22 min vs. 112 ± 12 min; p = 0.045), fluoroscopy time (7 ± 3 min vs. 10 ± 5 min; p < 0.001) and –dose (507 ± 501 cGy*cm2 vs. 783 ± 433 cGy*cm2; p < 0.001) were significantly lower using the visualized sheath. The benefit in terms of procedure duration was mainly driven by a shortened left atrial dwell time (73 ± 13 min vs. 79 ± 12 min; p = 0.001). During a mean follow‐up of 12 months, the overall procedural success was 85% in the visualized sheath group versus 83% in the control group (p = 0.948).ConclusionAF ablation using the novel visualized sheath is safe and effective and leads to a measurable decrease of procedure duration and radiation exposure. The integration of the novel sheath might help to further improve safety and efficacy of AF ablation.
Positive approaches to safety: Learning from what we do well
Authors: Plunkett Adrian , Plunkett Emma 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHistorical and current methodologies in patient safety are based on a deficit‐based model, defining safety as the absence of harm. This model is aligned with the human innate negativity bias and the general philosophy of health care: to diagnose and cure illness and to relieve suffering. While this approach has underpinned measurable progress in healthcare outcomes, a common narrative in the healthcare literature indicates that this progress is stalling or slowing. It is important to learn from and improve poor outcomes, but the deficit‐based approach has some theoretical limitations. In this article, we discuss some of the theoretical limitations of the prevailing approach to patient safety and introduce emerging, complementary approaches in this field of practice. Safety‐II and resilience engineering represent a new paradigm of safety, characterized by focusing on the entirety of work, with a system‐wide lens, rather than single incidents of failure. More overtly positive approaches are available, specifically focusing on success—both outstanding success and everyday success—including exnovation, appreciative inquiry, learning from excellence and positive deviance. These approaches are not mutually exclusive. The new methods described in this article are not intended as replacements of the current methods, rather they are presented as complementary tools, designed to allow the reader to take a balanced and holistic view of patient safety.
Cooled radiofrequency ablation of genicular nerves provides 24‐Month durability in the management of osteoarthritic knee pain: Outcomes from a prospective, multicenter, randomized trial
Authors: Lyman Jeffrey , Khalouf Fred , Zora Keith , DePalma Michael , Loudermilk Eric , Guiguis Maged , Beall Douglas , Kohan Lynn , Chen Antonia F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess long‐term outcomes of cooled radiofrequency ablation (CRFA) of genicular nerves for chronic knee pain due to osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsA prospective, observational extension of a randomized, controlled trial was conducted on adults randomized to CRFA. Subjects were part of a 12‐month clinical trial comparing CRFA of genicular nerves to a single hyaluronic injection for treatment of chronic OA knee pain, who then agreed to visits at 18‐ and 24‐months post CRFA and had not undergone another knee procedure since. The subjects were evaluated for pain using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) function using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), subjective benefit using the Global Perceived Effect (GPE) scale, quality of life using the EuroQol‐5‐Dimensions‐5 Level (EQ‐5D‐5L) questionnaire, and safety.ResultsOf 57 subjects eligible, 36 enrolled; 32 completed the 18‐month visit with a mean NRS score of 2.4 and 22 (69%) reporting ≥50% reduction in pain from baseline (primary endpoint); 27 completed the 24‐month visit, with a mean NRS of 3.4 and 17 (63%) reporting ≥50% pain relief. Functional and quality of life improvements persisted similarly, with mean changes from baseline of 53.5% and 34.9% in WOMAC total scores, and 24.8% and 10.7% in EQ‐5D‐5L Index scores, at 18‐ and 24‐months, respectively. There were no identified safety concerns in this patient cohort.ConclusionIn this subset of subjects, CRFA of genicular nerves provided durable pain relief, improved function, and improved quality of life extending to 24 months post procedure, with no significant safety concerns.
Cuticular transpiration is not affected by enhanced wax and cutin amounts in response to osmotic stress in barley
Authors: Shellakkutti Nandhini , Thangamani Priya Dharshini , Suresh Kiran , Baales Johanna , Zeisler‐Diehl Viktoria , Klaus Alina , Hochholdinger Frank , Schreiber Lukas , Kreszies Tino 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe plant cuticle, which covers all aerial parts of plants in their primary developmental stage, is the major barrier against water loss from leaves. Accumulation of cutin and waxes has often been linked to drought tolerance. Here we investigated whether cutin and waxes play a role in the drought adaption of barley mimicked by osmotic stress acting on roots. We compared the cuticle properties of cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgarespp.vulgare) with wild barley (Hordeum vulgarespp.spontaneum), and tested whether wax and cutin composition or amount and cuticular transpiration could be future breeding targets for more drought‐tolerant barley lines. In response to osmotic stress, accumulation of wax crystals was observed. This coincides with an increased wax and cutin gene expression and a total increase of wax and cutin amounts in leaves, which seems to be a general response triggered through root shoot signalling. Stomatal conductance decreased fast and significantly, whereas cuticular conductance remained unaffected in both wild and cultivated barley. The often‐made conclusion that higher amounts of wax and cutin necessarily reduce cuticular transpiration and thus enhance drought tolerance is not always straightforward. To prevent water loss, stomatal regulation under water stress is much more important than regulation or adaptation of cuticular transpiration in response to drought.
Simulating sedimentation on the Great Bahama Bank – Sources, sinks and storms
Authors: Lopez‐Gamundi Cecilia , Dobbelaere Thomas , Hanert Emmanuel , Harris Paul M. , Eberli Gregor , Purkis Sam J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study developed a high‐fidelity hydrodynamic simulation of sediment production, transport and deposition for the Great Bahama Bank. This model was run with a time‐step of 15 min for the entirety of 2016, forced by tides, off‐platform circulation and wind. Encompassed in this run are 364 days of fair‐weather conditions and two days when the passage of Category 4 Matthew brought hurricane‐force winds to the platform. This simulation therefore offers an excellent opportunity to contrast the sway of fair‐weather and storm‐weather conditions on sculpting the facies arrangement atop this 100 000 km2 shallow‐water carbonate platform. The work suggests that fair‐weather conditions are sufficient to deliver the platform's broad‐scale facies patterns. Even the lethargic currents of the platform interior can move mud (<63 μm) over 200 km from its source over the course of one year. Intense focusing of tidal currents between islands and close to the platform margin are ample to move coarse grains (>450 μm), at least locally, as is necessary to produce the vast ooid fairways for which the Great Bahama Bank is famed. Even at the height of Hurricane Matthew, average current speeds in these tidally‐dominated areas do not exceed the speeds simulated for fair‐weather conditions. Hence, the hurricane has negligible effect in these high‐energy areas. The hurricane does not have zero impact, though. For up to 110 km either side of the storm's track, winds exceeding 26 m/s induce currents that winnow mud over longer distances than delivered by fair‐weather conditions. Hence, the storm has a sedimentological signature which, albeit minor, might propagate into the depositional architecture of the platform when scaled over many storms through geological time. This work informs on the role of uniformitarianism versus catastrophism on carbonate sedimentation and casts doubt on geological interpretations of coarse‐grained storm deposits (tempestites) atop shallow‐water platforms.
A persistent Hadean–Eoarchean protocrust in the western Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia
Authors: Dröllner Maximilian , Kirkland Christopher L. , Barham Milo , Evans Noreen J. , McDonald Bradley J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDeciphering the composition and extent of Earth's earliest continents is hampered by the scarcity of preserved Hadean–Eoarchean material. Here, we report U–Pb and Lu–Hf data of detrital zircon from sediments proximal to the Archean Yilgarn Craton in Western Australia. This detrital cargo, in part derived from the crystalline basement of the southwestern Yilgarn Craton and its conjugate terranes, helps to resolve the ancient substrate of the craton. Zircon Hf isotopes point to a Hadean–Eoarchean crustal vestige that has remained isotopically coherent over 2 Gyr of episodic crustal reworking. Geophysical characteristics suggest a distinct 100,000 km2 region of ancient protocrust beneath much of the western Yilgarn Craton, cropping out in the Narryer Terrane. Comparison with global data reveals similar Hf isotope trends in many other cratons documenting the widespread existence of voluminous protocrust and implying extensive reservoir extraction at c. 4,000–3,800 Ma.
Seismostratigraphic analysis of Lake Cahuilla sedimentation cycles and fault displacement history beneath the Salton Sea, California, USA
Authors: Brothers Daniel S. , Driscoll Neal W. , Kent Graham M. , Baskin Robert L. , Harding Alistair J. , Kell Annie M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Salton Trough (southeastern California, USA) is the northernmost transtensional stepover of the Gulf of California oblique-divergent plate boundary and is also where the southern terminus of the San Andreas fault occurs. Until recently, the distribution of active faults in and around the Salton Sea and their displacement histories were largely unknown. Subbottom CHIRP (compressed high-intensity radar pulse) surveys in the Salton Sea are used to develop a seismic facies model for ancient Lake Cahuilla deposits, a detailed map of submerged active faults, and reconstructed fault displacement histories during the late Holocene. We observe as many as fourteen Lake Cahuilla sequences in the Salton Sea (last ~3 k.y.) and develop a chronostratigraphic framework for the last six sequences (last ~1200 yr) by integrating CHIRP data and cone penetrometer logs with radiocarbon-dated stratigraphy at an onshore paleoseismic site. The Salton Sea contains northern and southern subbasins that appear to be separated by a tectonic hinge zone, and a subsidence signal across hinge-zone faults of 6–9 mm/yr (since ca. A.D. 940) increases toward the south to &gt;15 mm/yr. The faults mapped to the south of the hinge zone appear to accommodate transtension within the San Andreas–Imperial fault stepover. We identify 8–15 distinct growth events across hinge-zone faults, meaning growth occurred at least once every 100 yr since Lake Cahuilla sedimentation began. Several faults offset the top of the most recent Lake Cahuilla highstand deposits, and at least two faults have offset the Salton Sea flood deposits. Active faults and folds were also mapped to a limited extent within the northern subbasin and display growth, but their kinematics and rupture histories require further study. The broad distribution of active faulting suggests that strain between the San Andreas, San Jacinto, and Imperial faults is highly distributed, thus discrepancies between geologic and geodetic slip-rate estimates from these major fault systems are to be expected.
Correlates of and changes in aerobic physical activity and strength training before and after the onset of COVID-19 pandemic in the UK: findings from the HEBECO study
Authors: Herbec Aleksandra , Schneider Verena , Fisher Abigail , Kale Dimitra , Shahab Lion , Lally Phillippa 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesUnderstanding changes in moderate to vigorous aerobic physical activity (MVPA) and muscle-strengthening activity (MSA) at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic and their correlates (socio-demographics, health characteristics, living and exercise conditions and pre-pandemic MVPA/MSA) can inform interventions.DesignA cross-sectional analysis of retrospective and concurrent data on MVPA/MSA.SettingAn online survey in the UK.Participants2657 adults (weighted n=2442, 53.6% women) participating in the baseline survey (29 April 2020–14 June 2020) of the HEalth BEhaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic (HEBECO) study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresMeeting WHO-recommended levels for MVPA/MSA/both (vs meeting neither) during the first lockdown and changes in MVPA/MSA from before to since the COVID-19 pandemic following stratification for pre-pandemic MVPA/MSA.ResultsA third of adults maintained (30.4%), decreased (36.2%) or increased (33.4%) MVPA. For MSA, the percentages were 61.6%, 18.2% and 20.2%, respectively. MVPA increased or decreased by an average of 150 min/week and 219 min/week, respectively, and MSA by 2 days/week. Meeting both MSA+MVPA recommendations since COVID-19 (vs meeting neither) was positively associated with meeting MVPA+MSA before COVID-19 (adjusted OR (aOR)=16.11, 95% CI 11.24 to 23.07) and education: post-16 years of age (aOR=1.57, 95% CI 1.14 to 2.17), and negatively associated with having obesity (aOR=0.49, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.73), older age (65+ years vs ≤34 years; aOR=0.53, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.87) and annual household income of <50 000 GBP (aOR=0.65, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.91). The odds for decreasing MVPA were lower for white ethnicity (aOR=0.62, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.86), education: post-16 years of age (aOR=0.73, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.91) and access to garden/balcony (aOR=0.75, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.94), and were higher for those living in total isolation (aOR=3.81, 95% CI 2.33 to 6.23), with deteriorated psychological well-being (aOR=1.40, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.71) and conditions limiting physical activity (aOR=1.74, 95% CI 1.27 to 2.39). The odds for decreasing MSA were higher for having overweight (aOR=1.88, 95% CI 1.39 to 2.55), obesity (aOR=23.38, 95% CI 2.23 to 5.14) and being employed (aOR=1.81, 95% CI 1.34 to 2.46).ConclusionAerobic and strength training were differently impacted during the first UK lockdown, with poorer outcomes associated with older age, lower education and higher body mass index. Targeted interventions may be required to avoid pandemic-related inequities in physical activity.
Understanding personality pathology in a clinical sample of youth: study protocol for the longitudinal research project ‘APOLO’
Authors: Koster Nagila , Lusin Igor , van der Heijden Paul T , Laceulle Odilia M , van Aken Marcel A G 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionWe propose that a dimensional, multilayered perspective is well suited to study maladaptive personality development in youth. Such a perspective can help understand pathways to personality pathology and contribute to its early detection. The research project ‘APOLO’ (a Dutch language acronym for Adolescents and their Personality Development: a Longitudinal Study) is designed based on McAdams’ integrative three-layered model of personality development and assesses the interaction between dispositional traits, characteristic adaptations, the narrative identity and functioning.Methods and analysisAPOLO is a longitudinal research project that takes place in two outpatient mental healthcare centres. Participants are youth between 12 years and 23 years and their parents. Data collection is set up to build a data set for scientific research, as well as to use the data for diagnostic assessment and systematic treatment evaluation of individual patients. Measurements are conducted half-yearly for a period of 3 years and consist of self-report and informant-report questionnaires and a semistructured interview. The included constructs fit the dimensional model of personality development: maladaptive personality traits (dispositional traits), social relations, stressful life events (characteristic adaptations), a turning point (narrative identity) and functioning (eg, achievement of youth specific milestones). Primary research questions will be analysed using structural equation modelling.Ethics and disseminationThe results will contribute to our understanding of (the development of) personality pathology as a complex phenomenon in which both structural personality characteristics as well as unique individual adaptations and experiences play a role. Furthermore, results will give directions for early detection and timely interventions. This study has been approved by the ethical review committee of the Utrecht University Faculty for Social and Behavioural Sciences (FETC17-092). Data distribution will be anonymous and results will be disseminated via communication canals appropriate for diverse audiences. This includes both clinical and scientific conferences, papers published in national and international peer-reviewed journals and (social) media platforms.
Making the most of existing research: an evidence gap map of the effects of food systems interventions in low-income and middle-income countries
Authors: Storhaug Ingunn Gilje , Lane Charlotte , Moore Nick , Engelbert Mark , Sparling Thalia Morrow , Franich Amber , Rolker Heike , Snilstveit Birte 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveIdentify and describe the available evidence on the effects food systems interventions on food security and nutrition outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries.MethodsAn adapted version of the high-level panel of experts food systems framework defined the interventions and outcomes included studies. Included study designs were experimental and quasi-experimental quantitative impact evaluations and systematic reviews. Following standards for evidence gap maps developed by 3ie, a systematic search of 17 academic databases and 31 sector-specific repositories in May 2020 identified articles for inclusion. Trained consultants screened titles/abstracts, then full texts of identified articles. Studies meeting eligibility criteria had meta-data systematically extracted and were descriptively analysed. Systematic reviews were critically appraised.ResultsThe map includes 1838 impact evaluations and 178 systematic reviews. The most common interventions, with over 100 impact evaluations and 20 systematic reviews each, were: provision of supplements, fortification, nutrition classes, direct provision of foods and peer support/counselling. Few studies addressed national-level interventions or women’s empowerment. The most common final outcomes were: anthropometry, micronutrient status, and diet quality and adequacy. Intermediate outcomes were less studied.Most evaluations were conducted in sub-Saharan Africa (33%) or South Asia (20%). Many studies occurred in lower-middle-income countries (43%); few (7%) were in fragile countries. Among studies in a specific age group, infants were most frequently included (19%); 14% of these also considered mothers.Few evaluations considered qualitative or cost analysis; 75% used randomisation as the main identification strategy.DiscussionThe uneven distribution of research means that some interventions have established impacts while other interventions, often affecting large populations, are underevaluated. Areas for future research include the evaluation of national level policies, evaluation of efforts to support women’s empowerment within the food system, and the synthesis of dietary quality. Quasi-experimental approaches should be adopted to evaluate difficult to randomise interventions.