bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Against decline? The geographies and temporalities of the Arctic cryosphere
Authors: Dodds Klaus , Smith Jen Rose 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOver centuries, Western desires of Arctic space have consistently worked to render icy locales of the North legible to an audience further south. In non‐Indigenous reportage, the Arctic has been framed through a dominating lens that narrates it as a ‘natural region’ or cryosphere where elemental qualities such as cold, ice, snow and darkness reign supreme. The cryosphere is often overwhelmingly dissected and demarcated not by Indigenous historical and ongoing claims to space, but instead through the documented presence of particular biota as they correlate to lines of latitude and/or cold temporalities (e.g., ‘frozen for most of the year’). New descriptors such as ‘Atlantification’ are the latest in a line of tropes and descriptors being used to account and audit an Arctic that is said to be undergoing fundamental ‘declinist’ state‐change. Judged to be no longer satisfactorily described as a circumpolar region, rigidly defined by coldness north of the Arctic Circle, the Arctic's physical and environmental qualities are now being cultivated as a ‘new Arctic’. Ice and cold are fundamental to the everyday working and spiritual lives of northern communities. We argue that there are timely opportunities for ice humanities scholars to be mindful of enduring inhumanities in the sense of erasing/dispossessing those who inhabit worlds where there are co‐relationalities with ice, multi‐species relationships, and multiple spatialities, seasonalities and temporalities that do not pivot around Euro‐American/global framings of time and space, geopolitical worlding and extractive capitalism.
Fabrication of tunable bandgap epitaxial β‐(AlxGa1−x)2O3 films using a spin‐coating method
Authors: Milisavljevic Iva , Wu Yiquan 
Published: September 2022

Abstractβ‐(AlxGa1−x)2O3 films have several critical properties of interest to the research community, including a wide bandgap that may be used in the development of new electronic, optoelectronic, and photonic devices. Here we demonstrate the first time fabricated metal‐alkoxide‐based spin‐coated single‐phase epitaxial β‐(AlxGa1−x)2O3 films on c‐sapphire substrates with orientation and good crystallinity that is comparable to the films fabricated using other film deposition techniques, such as molecular beam epitaxy and chemical vapor deposition. Using this technique, we generated films with broad Al compositions (x) of 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 with bandgap energies of 5.15, 5.56, and 6.16 eV, respectively, estimated from the X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy inelastic energy‐loss spectra. Photoluminescence emission spectra in the ultraviolet and visible (blue) wavelength range highlighted several intrinsic defects in the film structure that functioned as luminescence centers, including self‐trapped exciton and recombining donor‐to‐acceptor band. Detailed analysis of the structural and optical properties of β‐(AlxGa1−x)2O3 epitaxial films revealed that this low‐cost and scalable solution‐deposition approach coupled with a spin‐coating technique could be used to fabricate β‐(AlxGa1−x)2O3 films with tunable properties.
Structural, antioxidant, antibacterial and biodegradation properties of rice straw xylan (native and modified) based biofilms
Authors: Kapil Sristhi , Mankoo Ramandeep Kaur , Dudeja Isha , Singh Arashdeep , Kaur Jupinder 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThe present study involved valorisation of rice straw by conversion of its constituent polymer xylan and chemically modified xylans into biofilms. Hemicellulosic xylan (19.94%) extracted with 10% NaOH (85 °C, 2.6 h) was chemically modified to acetylated (AX) and carboxymethylated xylan (CMX). Biofilms were prepared by reaction of xylan/modified xylan (1% and 2%) with polyvinyl alcohol using eco‐friendly and cheap cross‐linker citric acid and glycerol as plasticiser. 2% xylan biofilms showed maximum inhibition (94.25%) of DPPH at 4 mg mL−1 which was due to large number of free ‐OH groups (highest intensity of ‐OH absorption bands in FT‐IR spectra). 2% CMX biofilms exhibited maximum antibacterial effectiveness with diameter of zone of inhibition 33.5 and 30.5 mm against Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas sp., respectively. This may be due to large number of undissociated COO− ions (citric acid) in CMX biofilms which was evident from lesser cross‐linking observed in their SEM images. 2% CMX biofilms also showed the highest biodegradation (86.5%) which may be attributed to formation of ether bonds along with ester bonds leading to their fast degradation. Owing to good bioactive properties of prepared biofilms, it was concluded that these can be appropriate material for food packaging by replacing synthetic plastics.
Micro‐encapsulation of gurum (Citrullus lanatus Var. Colocynthoide) seed oil maintains functional quality characteristics during accelerated storage
Authors: Karrar Emad , Mohamed Ahmed Isam A. , Jin Jun , Wei Wei , Oz Fatih , Brennan Charles S. , Wang Xingguo 
Published: September 2022

SummaryIn this study, microencapsulation was used on gurum seed oil (GSO) to evaluate quality characteristics during accelerated storage at 60°C for 28 days. Accelerated storage altered the levels of all fatty acids of GSO (31.36–95.65%), whereas, those of microencapsulated GSO showed reduced changes (0.13–38.46%). At the beginning of storage, the tocopherol and phytosterol content of GSO (563.61 and 149.86 mg/100 g oil, respectively) was significantly higher than that of MGSO (425.30 and 132.21 mg/100 g oil, respectively), while the polyphenol contents of GSO and MGSO were 20.21 mg GAE/kg oil and 19.45 mg GAE/kg oil, respectively. The IC50% DPPH antiradical activity of GSO and MGSO was 20.89 and 19.31 mg/mL, respectively, which was increased for GSO and remained constant for MGSO during accelerated storage. In conclusion, microencapsulation effectively preserved the quality of GSO during accelerated storage at 60°C for up to 28 days.
The physical office work environment and employee wellbeing: Current state of research and future research agenda
Authors: Kazlauskaitė Rūta , Martinaitytė Ieva , Lyubovnikova Joanne , Augutytė‐Kvedaravičienė Ieva 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDespite the awareness that employees spend at least half of their awake time at work, knowledge about how the physical office work environment (POWE) shapes employee wellbeing remains fragmented, inconsistent and scattered across disciplines. We provide a narrative review of the empirical literature to summarise the current state of the science and lay the groundwork for advancing a more holistic and nuanced theoretical understanding of the mediating mechanisms underlying the POWE‐wellbeing relationship. To do so, we propose an updated taxonomy of POWE features, incorporating a new dimension – exposure to nature, and use this extended taxonomy to examine the evidence base on the relationship between POWE features and five dimensions of wellbeing: affective, physical, social, cognitive and professional. Based on our findings, we extend a meta‐theoretical model which identifies three distinct theoretically‐driven mediating pathways – relatedness, energy and functional discomfort – through which POWE features differentially influence wellbeing dimensions. In doing so, we integrate the organizational behaviour theory of Job Demands‐Resources and the environmental psychology framework of POWE functions to argue that POWE functions can be both demands and resources‐generating, and can, therefore, have simultaneous positive and negative consequences for employee wellbeing. We conclude with a critical examination of theoretical, methodological and practical implications for future research.
Associations between observed and reported infant negative affectivity, fear and self‐regulation, and early communicative development—Evidence from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Ollas‐Skogster Denise , Rautakoski Pirkko , Bridgett David , Kataja Eeva‐Leena , Karlsson Hasse , Karlsson Linnea , Nolvi Saara 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSelf‐regulation and language are intertwined abilities, but the nature of their relations in early childhood when both skills are still emerging is insufficiently understood. Our knowledge of the relations between early negative affectivity and preverbal and verbal communicative development is still limited. Further, observed and reported temperament capture how aspects of temperament operate in different settings but are rarely used in parallel in studies examining early language. During the period of rapid development, longitudinal studies are needed to identify early risk factors for delayed communicative development. We studied relations between aspects of emerging self‐regulation and negative affectivity using both observations at 8 months and mother‐reports at 6 and 12 months, and communicative development measured by gesturing and vocabulary at 14 and vocabulary at 30 months in 183 children. Mother‐reported self‐regulation was related to a higher use of communicative gestures and observed self‐regulation by gaze aversion to poorer receptive and expressive vocabulary at 14 months, but neither was significantly associated with vocabulary at 30 months. We found little evidence for associations between negative affectivity and fear in infancy and communicative development. Our findings highlight different aspects of self‐regulation as both potential risk and protective factors for communicative development. Mixed results indicate a need for a more detailed examination of different strategies of self‐regulation in different conditions and developmental stages to yield a deeper understanding of the relations between self‐regulation in infancy and communicative development.
COVID‐19‐related discrimination, PTSD symptoms, and psychological distress in healthcare workers
Authors: Narita Zui , Okubo Ryo , Sasaki Yohei , Takeda Kazuyoshi , Takao Masaki , Komaki Hirofumi , Oi Hideki , Mizoue Tetsuya , Miyama Takeshi , Kim Yoshiharu 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTTo date, little effort has been made to examine if frontline workers who deal with COVID‐19 patients are more likely to experience discrimination than second‐line workers. Also, little information has appeared on how COVID‐19‐related discrimination affects PTSD symptoms in healthcare workers. We aimed to examine the association between COVID‐19‐related discrimination and frontline worker status. We further aimed to examine how COVID‐19‐related discrimination was associated with PTSD symptoms and psychological distress. We studied 647 healthcare workers. For the association between COVID‐19‐related discrimination and frontline worker status, we conducted multivariable logistic regression adjusting for age, sex and living alone. For the association of COVID‐19‐related discrimination with PTSD symptoms and psychological distress, we performed multivariable regression using hierarchical adjustments for age, sex, living alone, alcohol consumption, exercise and frontline worker status. Bias‐corrected and accelerated bootstrap confidence intervals (CIs) were used. A total of 136 individuals worked on the frontline and the largest group were nurses (n = 81, 59.6%). Frontline workers had increased odds of COVID‐19‐related discrimination compared with second‐line workers (odds ratio = 2.60, 95% CI = 1.37–4.96). COVID‐19‐related discrimination was associated with PTSD symptoms and psychological distress even at the highest level of adjustment (β = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.10–1.23; β = 2.43, 95% CI = 0.91–3.95, respectively). Frontline workers are more likely to experience COVID‐19‐related discrimination than second‐line workers. Such discrimination may result in PTSD symptoms and psychological distress. Interventions to prevent COVID‐19‐related discrimination against healthcare workers, for example anti‐discrimination campaigns, are important.
Director and officer liability and corporate tax avoidance
Authors: Khan Sarfraz , Park Sung‐Jin , Veliotis Stanley , Wald John K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe use the unique nature of the director and officer liability protection law applicable to Nevada incorporated firms to study how liability protection is related to corporate tax avoidance. We find that firms incorporated in Nevada avoid 32% more federal corporate tax as a fraction of total assets than firms incorporated in Delaware, and 40% more than firms incorporated in other states. Nevada‐incorporated firms have a 15% lower cash effective tax rate and an 8% lower GAAP ETR. The results are robust to various specifications including instrumental variable and matching approaches. Greater tax avoidance is also associated with lower payouts to shareholders for Nevada‐incorporated firms. The findings are consistent with theories about the complementarity of managerial diversion and tax avoidance for firms with poor monitoring, and they demonstrate how increases in liability protection lead to the unintended consequence of greater firm tax avoidance.
Remote proctoring: Lessons learned from the COVID‐19 pandemic effect on the large scale on‐line assessment at Tel Aviv University
Authors: Patael Smadar , Shamir Julia , Soffer Tal , Livne Eynat , Fogel‐Grinvald Haya , Kishon‐Rabin Liat 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe global COVID‐19 pandemic turned the adoption of on‐line assessment in the institutions for higher education from possibility to necessity. Thus, in the end of Fall 20/21 semester Tel Aviv University (TAU)—the largest university in Israel—designed and implemented a scalable procedure for administering proctored remote examinations. This procedure is applicable to different kinds of examinations in diverse disciplines and to disparate degree levels.ObjectivesThis study aims to deepen the knowledge with respect to the design and adoption of remote proctoring at an institutional levelMethodsFirst, based on lessons learned from the first semester of COVID‐19, we describe the development and implementation of an institution‐wide protocol for conducting on‐line proctored assessment. We show the large‐scale applicability of the protocol for administering examinations via Moodle with remote proctoring via Zoom. The accurately designed procedures that included careful consideration of all parties involved—academic staff members, students, administrative staff and proctors—enabled TAU to successfully assess the learning outcomes of its 25,000 students, while maintaining validity, compatibility and reliability of the assessment. Second, we report combined data from surveys of 4380 students and 188 faculty‐members (18% and 12% response rate respectively), conducted at TAU following these examinations.Results and ConclusionsWith over 90% of the students experiencing at least one, and 80% of faculty‐members administering at least one proctored remote examination, these heterogeneous sources of data allow us to investigate a unique and complementary perspective of the process. Some of the significant findings consist of the over‐all perception of the students' integrity by both groups surveyed; the discrepancy in the groups' perspectives of the adequate form of learning‐assessment—with the instructors preferring proctored examinations and the students—formative‐assessment; and the influence of the pedagogical challenges on the perception of validity that outweighed other factors, for example, the pandemic‐related stress, the on‐line assessment challenges and other.
Underuse of lifestyle recommendations in hypertension management in France: The Esteban study
Authors: Vay‐Demouy Juliette , Lelong Hélène , Neudorff Pauline , Gabet Amélie , Grave Clémence , Blacher Jacques , Olié Valérie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLifestyle recommendations are first‐line elements in the management of arterial hypertension. This cross‐sectional study aimed to analyze the level to which lifestyle recommendations are used in hypertension management in France, using data from the Esteban study, which was implemented by Santé Publique France, France's public health agency, from 2014 to 2016 on a representative sample of the French population. The study sample comprised 440 adult Esteban participants who were aware they had hypertension and were aged 18–74 years old. The main outcomes were the proportion of participants who received lifestyle recommendations in their hypertension management plan, and the proportion of recommendations according to the three following dimensions: physical activity, weight loss, and changes in diet. Over half (57.0%) of the 440 participants declared they did not receive lifestyle recommendations as part of their hypertension management plan in the year preceding the study. Of these, 39.0% did not receive pharmacological treatment either. Physical activity was recommended to 31.8% of sedentary participants and weight loss to 26.8% of participants with overweight or obesity. One‐fifth of the study sample (20.1%) received dietary recommendations. Of these, 69% and 10.7% were advised to limit their salt and alcohol intake, respectively. Lifestyle interventions are too rarely recommended in hypertension management plans in France. Adherence to lifestyle recommendations needs in‐depth discussion not only at the time of diagnosis but also throughout follow‐up.
How the EU–Ukraine Association Agreement and its Consequences Necessitated Adaptation and Drove Innovation in the EU
Authors: Dimitrova Antoaneta L. , Dragneva Rilka 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGiven its depth and ambition, the Association Agreement (AA) concluded between the EU and Ukraine may have been expected to result in significant reverse influence on the EU. However, this article shows that this influence is indirect, arising from mechanisms and international processes brought into sharp relief by the AA. These are: the power asymmetry between the parties, politicization of the agreement and geo‐politicization as a form of contestation of the agreement in the geopolitical arena, stirred by Russia's grievances. The article argues that in responding to the asymmetry, politicization and geo‐politicization of the AA, the EU has been pushed to innovate to prevent the legal and political failure of the negotiated agreement. Innovation occurred at different levels: at institutional level to assist Ukraine's capacity to implement it, at constitutional level to ensure its ratification given politicization in the Netherlands, and at policy level to address Russia's geopolitical moves.
The company they keep: When and why Chinese judges engage in collegiality
Authors: Yu Xiaohong , Sun Zhaoyang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractScholars of law, economics, and political science argue that collegiality matters. Considerable panel effects exist across jurisdictions, and judges compose panels strategically. In China, millions of cases are decided by collegial panels every year; however, little attention has been paid to the issue of collegiality. We offer one of the first empirical inquiries into collegial panels in China. Specifically, when and why do judges engage in collegiality? How does the presiding judge compose a judicial panel? What is the panel effect? Based on 23,564 cases decided by a local court in Beijing, China, from 2015 to 2017, we build a network of judges' collegial behaviors and examine the judges' strategy for panel composition and its potential impact. We argue for an external mechanism of panel effects and provide a strategic account of coalition‐building in a vulnerable environment. For mundane cases, Chinese judges tend to compose panels with junior judges. To some extent, such panels are their comfort zone. When facing complex cases, they tend to step out of their comfort zone and form panels with more capable judges. When doing so, they are also more inclined to make tough decisions, such as ruling against the government in administrative litigation cases and repeated players in civil cases, among others. The study sheds light on judicial politics in China and has the potential to expand our understanding of collective judicial decision‐making in transitional societies.
Development of the spray‐dried nettle (Urtica dioica L.) extract‐loaded nanoliposome powder for application as a natural additive in cake
Authors: Kalajahi Seyedeh Elham Mousavi , Amjadi Sajed , Ghandiha Shadi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, the nettle extract (NE)‐loaded nanoliposomes (NLPs) were spray‐dried with maltodextrin and was used to fortify and extend the shelf life of the cake. The particle size and zeta potential of the reconstituted spray‐dried NE‐loaded NLPs were 269.4 ± 14.2 nm and − 20.7 ± 4.6 mV respectively. The encapsulation efficiency values of non‐dried NLPs and the reconstituted spray‐dried NLPs were 87.0 ± 5.3 and 75 ± 4.7%, respectively. The produced NLPs samples were added at three different concentrations of 0, 5, and 7.5% w/w in the cake. The pH and water activity of cakes showed no significant (p > .05) change by the addition of NLPs samples. The fortified cake with 7.5% of spray‐dried NLPs exhibited the highest total phenolic content and DPPH scavenging activity. The yeast and mold count in the fortified cakes with spray‐dried NLPs showed no significant difference compared with the cake containing potassium sorbate during 28‐day storage.Novelty impact statementThe application of natural additives can be suitable alternatives to synthetic additives in foodstuffs such as bakery products. The nanoliposomes loaded with natural additives have not been considered for fortification and to extend the shelf life of the cake. In this regard, this study aimed to spray drying of NE‐loaded NLPs by maltodextrin and application of this nanocarrier as a natural additive in cake formulation.
Effect of calcium oxide nanoparticles produced from Lavetira critica leaf extract on the freshness of fresh‐sliced fruits
Authors: Veeramani Chinnadurai , El Newehy Ahmed S. , Aloud Amal A. , Alsaif Mohammed A. , Al‐Numair Khalid S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study was piloted to assess the fusion of nanoparticles (LCCaNP) from leaf extract of Lavatera critica (LC) and calcium chloride and to observe their impact on the safety of fresh‐sliced fruits and extend their shelf life. LCCaNP were synthesized by mixing calcium chloride and LC leaf extract, followed by the addition of sodium hydroxide. The quality of the produced LCCaNP was proven by conducting different physical and chemical tests. Fresh apples, strawberries, and guavas were independently immersed in diverse concentrated LCCaNP and 2% calcium chloride solution for 5 min. These treated sliced fruits were stuffed in polypropylene plastic bags and stored at 5°C. The total soluble solid content (TSS), pH, firmness, and weight reduction rate, 2,2‐diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and sensory analysis were conducted for the total storage period of 25 days in a 5‐day interval. LCCaNP and calcium chloride were proficient to preserve the fruits for up to 20 days. Our findings showed that LCCaNP‐treated fresh‐sliced fruits had an improved and enhanced shelf‐life than control (nontreated) samples. In conclusion, the leaf of LC is an eventual source for the making of calcium oxide nanoparticles and could serve as an improved food conservation with proficiency to extend the fruit's shelf life for up to 20 days.Novelty impact statementFor the first time had produced the natural LCCaNP from a natural plant of LC and evaluated its impact on the safety of fresh‐sliced fruits. The natural nanosized LCCaNP is successfully produced by using the natural Ayurvedic plant of LC. LCCaNP acted as a better food preservative and had the capability to extend the shelf life of apples, strawberries, and guavas for up to 20 days without causing any side effects.