bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smoking as a risk factor for visual field progression in exfoliation glaucoma patients in Sweden
Authors: Ayala Marcelo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The present study aimed to identify if smoking was a risk factor for visual field progression in exfoliation glaucoma patients. Methods: Prospective nonrandomized cohort study. The study included patients with diagnosed exfoliation glaucoma. All included patients were followed for at least three years with reliable visual fields. At least five reliable visual fields were needed to be included in the study. Exfoliation glaucoma was defined using the European Glaucoma Society Guidelines. The visual fields were tested using the 24-2 test point pattern of the Humphrey Field Analyzer. Smoking was assessed through questionnaires. Outcomes: Visual field progression. Three different approaches were used: difference in mean deviation (MD), rate of progression (ROP), and guided progression analysis (GPA). Results: Totally, n=113 patients were included; of them, n=57 were smokers. Smoking was a significant predictor for visual field progression in the three models (MD/ROP/GPA) studied (p=<0.001/p=<0.001/p=<0.001). Other predictors were in the MD model: IOP at diagnosis (p=0.04) and SLT treatment (p=0.001). In the ROP model: MD (p=0.01), VFI (p=0.005), number of medications (p=0.001) and SLT (p=0.001). In the GPA model: the number of medications (p=0.002). Conclusions: Smoking strongly predicted visual field deterioration in all the models studied. Therefore, patients should be advised to quit smoking when establishing the glaucoma diagnosis to slow down the progression of the disease.
Red Deer Optimized Recurrent Neural Network for the Classification of Power Quality Disturbance
Authors: Dawood Zamrooth , K Babulal C 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Power Quality Disturbance (PQD) in a power grid distribution destroys the quality of power to the user. Thus, early detection of disturbances in the power grid distribution is essential to diagnose the network before failure. Several disturbances in the power grid may cause voltage sag, voltage swell, or occurrence of both. In the proposed method deep recurrent neural network (DRNN) is used for classifying the PQD as well as Red Deer Optimization (RDO) algorithm is used for optimizing the weight from DRNN. Based on the behaviour of deer roaring rate will optimize the weight of DRNN from RDO. Signal processing is done by S-transform (ST) because of the better performance in signals detection in terms of a high order of noise. The proposed method is implemented in Simulink tool and the results are compared with the existing methods. The result shows that the power disturbances are classified with high accuracy of 99.95% and precision of 99.98% that are higher than the existing methods.
Methodology of estimation of temperature mode in the 2xBgu type railway braking system
Authors: Yevtushenko Aleksander A. , Kuciej Michal , Grzes Piotr , Wasilewski Piotr 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The article describes two numerical FEM models of frictional heating to estimate the temperature distribution in the 2xBgu friction brake of a rail vehicle during repetitive braking. The numerical tests were compared with the temperature measurements carried out on a full-scale inertia dynamometer for two different friction materials of brake blocks working in the 2xBgu system. The paper demonstrates, by comparison with experimental data, that the proposed numerical models can be used as a tool supporting engineering works to determine the temperature of friction elements of a railway block brake, also for long-lasting braking processes.
GRK5 deficiency in the hippocampus leads to Alzheimer’s Disease-like phenotypes via the abnormal microglia alterations
Authors: Shen Hongtao , Zhang Tianzhen , Ji Yao , Zhang Yu , Wang Yongxiang , Jiang Yuling , Chen Xiongjin , Wu Kefeng , Li Yunfeng , Lu Xingyu , Cui Lili , Zhao Bin , Wang Yan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
GRK5 is a member of the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) kinase family and is closely associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the biological function of GRK5 in the brain and the causal link between GRK5 deficiency and AD-like pathology is unknown. Here, we show that GRK5 is reduced in the AD mouse brain, and mice with reduced GRK5 in the hippocampus induce cognitive impairment. AD-like molecular pathology, such as significant neuronal damage and loss, enhanced tau proteins phosphorylation, and increased level of Aβ peptides in the hippocampus were also observed in the GRK5 deficiency mice. Mechanismly, GRK5 is located in microglia and plays an essential role in maintaining the morphology and function of microglia. CRK5 deficiency elicits microglial morphology change and pfo-inflammation-associated gene increase. In addition, transcriptional analysis of hippocampal tissues revealed that neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions and TNF signaling are striking changes in GRK5 deficiency mice, which have the same trend in the AD mouse. In conclusion, our results further confirm the vital role of GRK5 in maintaining normal cognitive function in mice. Provide a possible mechanism that GRK5 maintains the microglia homeostasis, and its loss may induce microglia function deficit and cause other AD-related molecular pathogenesis.
Assessment of soil erosion due to windmill establishment on Chatrigudda hillock near Vani Vilasa Sagara reservoir, South India
Authors: Nagabovanalli Prakash , S Ashoksuraj B , Sreeniva Sandhya Thoppil , S Shivaraj , T Chikkaramappa , R Gangadharappa N 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Soil erosion is an inexorable process of land degradation affecting economy and environment of the region. Assessment of soil erosion is important for planning and implementing conservational practice in the affected region. In the present study, Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) integrated with remote sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) were employed to estimate soil loss in Chatrigudda, a hillock located near Vani Vilasa Sagara Reservoir (VVS) in the central part of Karnataka, India. The RUSLE factors were obtained through pre-recorded meteorological data and data from field survey as well as from remote sensing. ESRI ArcGIS version 10.2 software was employed to delineate the windmill-established site of Vani Vilasa Sagara reservoir and digital elevation model (DEM) with 30 m resolution raster was used to develop the drainage and contour map through hydrology tool. The soil erosion map was created using the "Kriging method" in the GIS platform's geostatistical analyst tool. The RUSLE method estimated that annual soil loss in the region ranged from 0.33 to 40.89 t ha-1 year-1, with an average annual soil loss of 7.04 tha1yr1. The majority of the region (%) experiences only minor erosion (5 t ha-1 year-1). Moderate (5–10 t ha-1 year-1) to very high (20–40 t ha-1 year-1) and severe (40–80 t ha-1 year-1) erosions occurred in areas where high human interventions were made to construct roads for windmills. We believe that the computed soil erosion results from RUSLE will be useful in developing land management strategies to reduce the extent of soil degradation in the hillock.
Early spring onset increases carbon uptake more than late fall senescence: Modeling future phenological change in a US northern deciduous forest
Authors: Teets Aaron Forrest , Bailey Amey S. , Hufkens Koen , Ollinger Scott , Schädel Christina , Seyednasrollah Bijan , Richardson Andrew D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The timing of spring leaf development and fall senescence determine how long deciduous forests actively exchange carbon and water with the atmosphere. Being able to model these dates is therefore critical to accurately representing ecosystem processes in biogeochemical models. Despite this, there has been relatively little effort to improve internal phenology predictions in widely used biogeochemical models. Here, we optimized the phenology algorithms in a regionally developed biogeochemical model (PnET-CN) using phenology data from eight midlatitude PhenoCam sites in eastern North America. We then performed a sensitivity analysis to determine how the optimization affected future predictions of carbon, water, and nitrogen cycling at Bartlett Experimental Forest, New Hampshire. Compared to the original PnET-CN phenology models, our new spring and fall models resulted in shorter season lengths and more abrupt transitions that were more representative of observations. The new phenology models affected daily estimates and interannual variability of modeled carbon exchange, but they did not have a large influence on the magnitude or long-term trends of annual totals. Under future climate projections, our new phenology models predict larger shifts in season length in the fall (1.1 – 3.2 days decade -1 ) compared to the spring (0.9 – 1.5 days decade -1 ). However, for every day the season is longer, our results show that spring can have over twice the effect on annual carbon and water exchange totals compared to the fall. These findings highlight the importance of accurately modeling season length for future projections of carbon and water cycling.
Aluminum induces oxidative mitochondrial DNA release via a HIF-1α-related pathway to activate NLRP3 inflammasomes in astrocytes
Authors: Liu Ziyue , Hao Chenyu , Zhu Xiaoying , Song Yushuai , Hao Wudi , Wu Shengwen , Yang Jinghua , Lu Xiaobo , Jin Cuihong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aluminum compounds are widely distributed in nature and are frequently used in daily life. However, they are environmental etiologic factors for neurodegenerative diseases. Aluminum causes neuroinflammation, but the roles of astrocytes in this process have not yet been fully established. We established rat models of subchronic aluminum exposure by allowing them to drink water containing AlCl3 for 12 w. Primary astrocytes were isolated and treated with AlCl3. In vitro, YC-1 was used as an inhibitor of HIF-1α. Aluminum exposure activated astrocytes, suppressed α-KGDH activities while increasing SDH activities, which stabilized HIF-1α to enhance HIF-1α levels and its colocalization with PKM2 in the nucleus. Furthermore, activated PKM2 induced the phosphorylation of C-Myc at Ser62 to prevent its degradation, which upregulated CLIC4 protein levels to disrupt mitochondrial membrane potential. During this process, OX-mt DNA was released. In the cytoplasm, OX-mt DNA bound and stimulated the NLRP3 inflammasome, resulting in more IL-1β release to trigger neuroinflammation. Treatment with YC-1 reversed these outcomes. These findings imply that astrocytes have an important role in aluminum-induced neuroinflammation.
Culture of human nasal olfactory stem cells and their extracellular vesicles as advanced therapy medicinal products
Authors: Jaloux Charlotte , Bonnet Maxime , Vogtensperger Marie , Witters Marie , Veran Julie , Giraudo Laurent , Sabatier Florence , Michel Justin , Lacroix Romaric , Chareyre Corinne , Legré Regis , Guiraudie-Capraz Gaelle , Féron François 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground:The olfactory ecto-mesenchymal stem cell (OE-MSC) are mesenchymal stem cells originating from the lamina propria of the nasal mucosa. They have neurogenic and immune-modulatory properties and showed therapeutic potential in animal models of spinal cord trauma, hearing loss, Parkinsons’s disease, amnesia, and peripheral nerve injury.In this paper we designed a protocol that meet the requirements set by human health agencies to manufacture these stem cells for clinical applications. Once purified, OE-MSCs can be usedper seor expanded in order to get the extracellular vesicles (EV) they secrete. A protocol for the extraction of these vesicles was validated and the EV from the OE-MSC were functionally tested on anin vitromodel.Methods:Nasal mucosa biopsies from three donors were used to validate the manufacturing process of clinical grade OE-MSC. All stages were performed by expert staff of the cell therapy laboratory according to aseptic handling manipulations, requiring grade A laminar airflow.Results:Enzymatic digestion provides more rapidly a high number of cells and is less likely to be contaminated. Foetal calf serum was replaced with human platelet lysate and allowed stronger cell proliferation, with the optimal percentage of platelet lysate being 10%. Cultivated OE-MSCs are sterile, highly proliferative (percentage of CFU-F progenitors was 15,5%) and their maintenance does not induce chromosomal rearrangement (karyotyping and chromosomal microarray analysis were normal). These cells express the usual phenotypic markers of OE-MSC. Purification of the EVs was performed with ultracentrifugation and size exclusion chromatography. Purified vesicles expressed the recognized markers of EVs (Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (“MISEV”) guidelines) and promoted cell differentiation and neurite elongation in a model of neuroblastoma Neuro2a cell line.Conclusions:We developed a safer and more efficient manufacturing process for clinical-grade olfactory stem cells, these cells can now be used in humans. A phase I clinical trial will begin soon. An efficient protocol for the purification of the OE-MSC EVs have been validated. These EVs exert neurogenic propertiesin vitro. More studies are needed to understand the exact mechanisms of action of these EVs and prove their efficacy and safety in animal models.
Beyond Income: Material Hardship and the Health and Healthcare of Premature Children
Authors: Cordova-Ramos Erika , Brochier Annelise , Tripodis Yorghos , Garg Arvin , Parker Margaret 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objectives: To estimate national prevalence of household hardships (food insufficiency, financial hardship, and difficulty paying medical bills) among children born term and preterm; and examine associations of household hardships with preterm children’s overall health status, emergency room visits, and unmet healthcare needs.Methods: We studied 24,026 children aged 0-3 years born term, preterm with moderately low birth weight (1501-2499 grams) and preterm with very low birth weight (VLBW; ≤1,500 grams). Using propensity score matching to control for correlates of poverty, we examined associations of hardships and child outcomes. Results: Compared with term, households with preterm VLBW children had >2-fold higher odds of financial hardship (aOR:2.63; 95%CI: 1.26-5.46) and >5-fold higher odds of difficulty paying bills (aOR:5.60; 95%CI: 2.35-10.35). Matching for demographics, special healthcare needs, income and receipt of public benefits, hardships were independently associated with adverse preterm children’s outcomes.Conclusions: Addressing household hardships is needed to optimize preterm child outcomes.
A digital twin defined autonomous milling process towards the online optimal control of milling deformation for thin-walled parts
Authors: Zhang Chao , Zhou Guanghui , Xu Qingfeng , Wei Zhibo , Han Chong , Wang Zenghui 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Thin-walled parts are widely used in the aerospace industry, where the milling deformation of the parts caused by their thin-walled draping and extremely large size ratio characteristics as well as high material removal rate has been the most common quality issue that greatly influences the assembly performance and operation safety of aerospace equipment. Hence, effective management of milling deformation of a thin-walled part will significantly improve its quality, which, however, is still made difficult by the lack of a real-time deformation perception, optimization, and control method. To bridge the gap, this paper proposes a novel online optimal control method of milling deformation for thin-walled parts by incorporating digital twins into the milling process of thin-walled parts. To this end, a reference framework of the milling process digital twin (MPDT) for thin-walled parts are designed, where the autonomous operation logic of MPDT for online optimal control of milling deformation is further clarified. On that basis, three key enabling technologies of MPDT are introduced from the perspective of multidimensional high-fidelity MPDT modeling, knowledge-driven low-latency milling deformation simulation, and online optimal control of milling deformation, which provide an insight into the industrial implementation of MPDT. In addition, a MPDT prototype system is implemented, where its application and evaluation results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Primary exploring the value of metagenomic next‐generation sequencing in detecting pathogenic bacteria of cholangitis with biliary atresia after Kasai operation
Authors: Yu Pu , Pan Yongkang , Zhan Janghua 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in detecting pathogenic bacteria of cholangitis for patients with biliary atresia after Kasai operation.
Methods
Patients of biliary atresia with cholangitis after Kasai operation who were admitted to Xi'an Children's Hospital from July 2019 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Both blood culture and mNGS were carried out in all of these patients. The detection rate of pathogenic bacteria, pathogenic bacteria spectrum, test time, inflammatory indicators and liver function were compared. The correlation between drug resistance gene and drug resistance phenotype was analyzed. All the patients were followed up for 0.5-3 years to evaluate the onset of cholangitis and the survival status of autologous liver.
Results
a total of 30 episodes of cholangitis in 25 patients were included in this study. There were significant differences in the detection rate of pathogenic bacteria [23.3 vs.73.3%, P < 0.05] and the test time [120 (114.5–120) vs.16 (16–21) h, P < 0.001] between the blood culture and mNGS. Inflammatory indicators (CRP, PCT) and liver function (TB, DB, GGT) were compared before and after anti-infection, and there was significant statistical difference with two methods. Four kinds of bacteria were detected by blood cultures, and 10 kinds of bacteria were detected by mNGS. The drug-resistant phenotypes and drug-resistant genotypes of 3 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were compared, h Cholangitis occurred 3 times in 1 case (4%) and twice in 3 cases (12%). Autologous liver survived in 17 cases (68%).
Conclusion
Compared with traditional blood culture, mNGS is more efficient, convenient and accurate in the detection of pathogens. It provides a new method for the accurate detection of pathogenic bacteria of cholangitis with biliary atresia after Kasai operation.
Enhanced sonocatalytic performance of PEG-modified hierarchical Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 microspheres in Methylene Blue degradation
Authors: Hu Xuemei , Qiao Junqiang , Zhou Jianping , Bao Jianqing , He Wei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this work, hierarchical Cu2ZnSnS4 microspheres were synthesized via a hydrothermal method with the utilization of PEG as surfactant. The as-prepared CZTS samples were systemically characterized by XRD, Raman, TEM, XPS, UV-Vis, PL and BET techniques. The sonocatalytic activity of as-prepared Cu2ZnSnS4 was evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue. The results displayed that the PEG-modified Cu2ZnSnS4 microspheres with smaller optical band gap and lower recombination rate of electrons and holes lead to rapid removal of methylene blue. Over 95.0% methylene blue was snonocatalytic degraded by PEG-modified Cu2ZnSnS4 microspheres after 20 min, while only about 82.1% of methylene blue was degraded over Cu2ZnSnS4 without PEG modification. The effect of radical scavengers on methylene blue degradation process was investigated and clarified that the sonogenerated holes and hydroxyl radicals are the main active oxidative species in sonocatalytic process.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-efficacy scores and intensity of depressiveness in people aged over 60 years providing kinship foster care
Authors: Giezek Marta , Landowski Marek , Kożybska Marta , Karakiewicz Beata 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: The objective of this study has been to investigate whether the COVID-19 pandemic has had impact on self-efficacy scores and intensity of depressive severity in people aged over 60 who provide kinship foster care to their grandchildren. Methods: The study subjects were selected from among individuals aged over 60 years providing kinship foster care to their grand-children. The participants were asked to complete the Generalised Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) before and during the pandemic. The questionnaire was com-pleted in whole twice by 40 participants. Results: There are no statistically significant differences between the GSE and GDS scores obtained before and during the pandemic. In study subjects with the oldest child in foster care aged 10 years or less, the GDS score decreased in a statistically sig-nificant way (p=0.03). The correlation coefficient of the GSE and GDS scores before the pandemic was -0.46 (p = 0.003), while that of scores during the pandemic was -0.43 (p = 0.006).Conclusions: Neither the sense of self-efficacy nor the intensity of depressiveness of the study subjects changed significantly during the pandemic. Both before and during the pandemic, the intensity of depres-siveness decreased as the sense of self-efficacy increased.
Potential benefits of joint hypothetical interventions on diet, lead, and cadmium on mortality in US adults
Authors: Laouali Nasser , Benmarhnia Tarik , Oulhote Youssef 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Previous studies reported associations between high blood lead levels (BLLs) and urinary cadmium (UCd) concentrations and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. It is hypothesized that these associations are mediated by inflammation; therefore, adherence to an anti-inflammatory diet may mitigate these effects. We sought to estimate the potential effects of joint hypothetical interventions on metals levels and adherence to an anti-inflammatory diet or fruits and vegetables (FV) intake on the expected mortality distributions.Methods: We used data on 14,311 adults aged ≥20 years enrolled in the NHANES-III between 1988 and 1994 and followed up through Dec 31, 2015. We estimated daily FV servings and adherence to the dietary inflammatory index at baseline using 24-hour dietary recalls. Mortality was determined from the National Death Index records. We used the parametric g-formula with pooled logistic regression models to estimate the absolute risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality under different hypothetical interventions compared to the natural course (no intervention).Results: Overall, we observed a decreased mortality risk when intervening to lower metals levels or increasing adherence to an anti-inflammatory diet or the daily FV servings. The joint intervention to lower BLLs and UCd and increase the adherence to the anti-inflammatory diet had the strongest impact on cancer mortality risk (risk difference [RD] = -1.50% (-2.52% to -0.62%)) compared to the joint intervention only on metals levels RD= -0.97% (-1.89 to 0.70). The same pattern of associations was observed for the joint intervention to lower both metals and increased daily FV servings and cardiovascular diseases mortality risk. Conclusion: Higher diet quality may constitute a complementary approach to the interventions to reduce exposures to cadmium and lead to further minimize their effects on mortality. A paradigm shift is required from a pollutant-focused only to a combination with a human-focused approach for health protection against these metals.