bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal distribution and clinical characteristics of the Alpha, Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in Laikipia, Kenya: institutional and community-based genomic surveillance
Authors: W. Lambisia Arnold , H. Mudhune Godfrey , M. Morobe John , Said Mohammed Khadija , O. Makori Timothy , Ndwiga Leonard , W. Mburu Maureen , O. Moraa Edidah , Musyoki Jeniffer , Murunga Nickson , N. Waliaula Isaac , K. Mumelo Arthur , Bejon Philip , Isabella Ochola-Oyier Lynette , Githinji George , Nokes James , Agoti Charles 
Published: September 2022

Background: Understanding the molecular epidemiology and clinical presentation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOC) in rural-urban populations in Kenya is important for informing future public health responses and clinical care. Methods: We undertook a retrospective analysis of the clinical presentation and phylogenetic relatedness of specimens from 97 SARS-CoV-2 cases collected between 24th April and 31st December 2021 in Laikipia county, Kenya. VOC were related to observed symptoms. Phylogenetic analyses included contemporaneous sequences from across Kenya and the globe, to contextualise local transmission dynamics. Results: These sequences fell into three VOC; Alpha (n=8), Delta (n=52) and Omicron (n=37). We estimated 75 independent SARS-CoV-2 introductions into the county. The Alpha and Delta VOC were commonly detected in persons aged 31 to 45 years, 50.0% and 30.8%, respectively. The Omicron VOC was mostly detected in 16 to 30-year-olds (51.4%). Whereas relative to the other VOCs, Omicron was associated with mild upper-respiratory tract symptoms (cough, OR 3.78; 95% CI 1.1 – 16.74, p= 0.026) and sore throat, OR 22.42; 95% CI 7.11 – 81.40, p<0.001), Delta was associated with moderate to severe lower-respiratory tract symptoms (shortness of breath, OR 26.8; 95% CI 3.89 – 1158.14, p<0.001) and fever (OR 6.11; 95% CI 1.57 – 35.35, p= 0.004). Post-acute phase neurological complications were suspected in four Delta infected cases (neuralgia, neuritis, peripheral neuropathy, numbness of hand and tinnitus). Conclusion: We highlight the distinctive clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 VOCs, as observed in Laikipia, Kenya, to support evidence-based clinical decisions. Multiple introductions of the VOCs were recorded despite the public health measures that were in place questioning their effectiveness during the study period.
Real-Time Integrated Learning and Decision Making for Cumulative Shock Degradation
Authors: Drent Collin , Drent Melvin , Arts Joachim , Kapodistria Stella 
Published: September 2022

Problem definition: Unexpected failures of equipment can have severe consequences and costs. Such unexpected failures can be prevented by performing preventive replacement based on real-time degradation data. We study a component that degrades according to a compound Poisson process and fails when the degradation exceeds the failure threshold. An online sensor measures the degradation in real time, but interventions are only possible during planned downtime. Academic/practical relevance: We characterize the optimal replacement policy that integrates real-time learning from the online sensor. We demonstrate the effectiveness in practice with a case study on interventional x-ray machines. The data set of this case study is available in the online companion. As such, it can serve as a benchmark data set for future studies on stochastically deteriorating systems. Methodology: The degradation parameters vary from one component to the next but cannot be observed directly; the component population is heterogeneous. These parameters must therefore be inferred by observing the real-time degradation signal. We model this situation as a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) so that decision making and learning are integrated. We collapse the information state space of this POMDP to three dimensions so that optimal policies can be analyzed and computed tractably. Results: The optimal policy is a state dependent control limit. The control limit increases with age but may decrease as a result of other information in the degradation signal. Numerical case study analyses reveal that integration of learning and decision making leads to cost reductions of 10.50% relative to approaches that do not learn from the real-time signal and 4.28% relative to approaches that separate learning and decision making. Managerial implications: Real-time sensor information can reduce the cost of maintenance and unplanned downtime by a considerable amount. The integration of learning and decision making is tractably possible for industrial systems with our state space collapse. Finally, the benefit of our model increases with the amount of data available for initial model calibration, whereas additional data are much less valuable for approaches that ignore population heterogeneity. Funding: This work was supported by the Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg [Grant AFR-12451704] and Philips. The work of C. Drent is supported by the Data Science Flagship framework, a cooperation between Eindhoven University of Technology and Philips. The research of M. Drent is supported by the National Research Fund of Luxembourg. J. Arts thanks the Netherlands Foundation for Scientific Research for funding this research. The work of S. Kapodistria is supported by the NWO Gravitation Project NETWORKS of the Dutch government. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.1149 .
Low cross talk homogeneous few-mode multi-core fiber with a suspended air-trench and V-type index core
Authors: Li ZengHui , Li ShuGuang , Guo Ying , Meng XiaoJian , Wang Yan , Wang LuYao , Li MengQiang , Ma LiLing , Shao Peng Shuai , Wang Chun 
Published: September 2022

We propose a homogeneous 13-core 4 linear-polarized modes fiber based on a suspended air-trench V-type index core (SA-VC) structure that can suppress inter-core cross talk (ICXT) and inter-mode cross talk. The SA structure is used to control ICXT, and the VC structure is used to control inter-mode cross talk. Cross talk and other properties of the fiber are calculated by coupled power theory and the finite element method. The numerical results demonstrate that the SA-VC structure has stronger cross talk suppression ability compared with traditional trench structure, the ICXT meets the requirement of lower than

−

30

d
B

/

100

k
m

, the effective refractive index difference (

Δ

n

e
f
f

) between modes is greater than

1.52

×

10

−
3

, the maximum intrinsic loss is 0.189 dB/km, and the relative core multiplicity factor reaches 49.09. Based on the current optical fiber fabrication technology, a manufacturing scheme for this fiber preform is proposed. This design structure aims to be applied to communication systems to increase the transmission capacity of optical fibers.
Factors affecting patient satisfaction in refugee health centers in Turkey
Authors: Zikusooka Monica , Hanna Radysh , Malaj Altin , Ertem Meliksah , Elci Omur Cinar 
Published: September 2022

Background
Turkey hosts an estimated 3.7 million Syrian refugees. Syrian refugees have access to free primary care provided through Refugee Health Centers(RHC). We aimed to determine factors that influence patient satisfaction in refugee health centers.

Methods
The study was a cross-sectional quantitative study. A patient survey was administered among 4548 patients attending services in selected 16 provinces in Turkey. A quantitative questionnaire was used to collect information on patient satisfaction and experience in the healthcare facility. Information on “overall satisfaction with health services” was collected on a 5-point Likert scale and dichotomized for analysis. Logistic regression was conducted to identify factors that influenced patient satisfaction.

Results
We found that 78.2% of the participants were satisfied with the health services they received. Factors related to service quality and communication were significant determinants of patient satisfaction. The strongest predictors of satisfaction were having a sufficient consultation time (AOR: 2.37; 95% CI: 1.76–3.21; p< 0.0001), receiving a comprehensive examination (AOR: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.49–2.70; p < 0.0001) and being treated with respect by the nurse (AOR: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.52–2.85; p< 0.0001).

Conclusion
Providing integrated, culturally and linguistically sensitive health services is important in refugee settings. The quality of service and communication with patients influence patient satisfaction in refugee health centers. As such, improvements in aspects such as consultation time and the quality of physician-patient interaction are recommended for patient satisfaction.
The moderating role of sociodemographic and work-related variables in burnout and mental health levels of Mexican medical residents
Authors: Dominguez-Espinosa Alejandra del Carmen , Montes de Oca-Mayagoitia Sandra Irma , Sáez-Jiménez Ana Paola , de la Fuente-Zepeda Javier , Monroy Ramírez de Arellano Lilia 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo explore the moderating effects of sociodemographic and work-related variables on levels of burnout and mental health among medical residents.MethodA cross-sectional online survey was administered at the beginning of the second wave of COVID-19 at different public teaching hospitals where medical residents practiced in Mexico City. A total of 201 medical residents of different years completed the survey.ResultsDifferent univariate inferential analyses on the level of burnout and mental health indices showed significant differences between sex, marital status, previous reports of physical illness or psychological conditions, and residency ranking. However, the effect sizes of those differences were of low to medium size. A predictive path analysis revealed that the three stages of burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and achievement dissatisfaction) negatively affect psychological wellbeing and positively affect psychological distress. Finally, even though sociodemographic variables showed some significant variation, the effect sizes were small and did not moderate the direct effect of burnout on mental health indices.ConclusionsMedical residents deling with every day medical situations, will be exposed to stressors that might increase the probability to experience emotional exhaustion. This would negatively affect levels of wellbeing and positively affect distress, despite their sociodemographic characteristics.
Impact of ultrasonographic blind spots for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma during surveillance
Authors: Lee Junghwan , Park Su Bee , Byun Soyoung , Kim Ha Il 
Published: September 2022

Background
Abdominal ultrasonography (US) is the backbone of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance. Although previous studies have evaluated clinical factors related to surveillance failure, none have focused specifically on US blind spots.

Methods
This study included 1,289 patients who underwent 6 months intervals surveillance using US and serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and were eventually diagnosed with single-nodular HCC. Patients were divided into US-detected group (n = 1,062) and US-missed group (HCC detected only by AFP ≥ 20ng/mL; n = 227). Blind spots consisted of four locations: hepatic dome, caudate lobe or around the inferior vena cava, <1 cm beneath the ribs, and the surface of the left lateral segment. Both groups were compared by HCC location, proportional distribution, treatment method, and overall survival.

Results
A higher proportion of HCCs were located within blind spots in the US-missed group than in the US-detected group (64.3% vs. 44.6%, P < 0.001). HCC ≥ 2 cm detected in blind spots was higher than in non-blind areas (60.3% vs. 47.1%, P = 0.001). Blind spot HCCs were more treated with surgery, whereas those located in a non-blind area were more treated with local ablation. Patients with an HCC located within a blind spot in the US-detected group had better overall survival than the same in the US-missed group (P = 0.008).

Conclusions
Using the current surveillance test, blind spots affected the initially detected HCC tumor size, applicability of the treatment modality, and overall survival. Physicians should pay attention to US blind spots when performing US-based HCC surveillance.
Hematological parameters in a population of male bakers exposed to high heat work environment
Authors: Al-Otaibi Sultan T. 
Published: September 2022

Objectives
The aim of this study was to determine the hematological changes associated with heat exposure in a population of bakers.

Materials and methods
Personal information was collected using a questionnaire, and a venous blood sample was drawn at the end of a work shift from the bakers and from a control group. The average wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) index was measured in the workplaces of both the bakers and the controls.

Results
This cross-sectional study involved 137 bakers working in 20 bakeries and 107 controls who were comparable in terms of likely confounding factors. Hemoglobin and platelet values were abnormal among the bakers and statistically significantly different to the control group (P = 0.026, and P = 0.016 respectively). The average WBGT index in the bakeries was 37.4°C, while the average WBGT in the workplaces of the controls was 25.5°C, (P<0.0001).

Conclusions
The changes in the bakers’ hematological parameters were found to be associated with exposure to high environmental heat at bakeries, as measured by the WBGT index. Preventive measures should be introduced to reduce the adverse effect of heat exposure among bakers and directed toward the worker–equipment–environment triad.
Staging Personhood: Costuming in Early Qing Drama, Guojun Wang (2020)
Authors: Frank Adam D. 
Published: September 2022

Review of: Staging Personhood: Costuming in Early Qing Drama, Guojun Wang (2020)
New York: Columbia University Press, 312 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-23119-190-6, h/bk, £50.00/$65.00
Rapid and Sustained Symptom Relief in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis Treated With Filgotinib: Data From the Phase 2b/3 SELECTION Trial
Authors: Danese Silvio , Ferrante Marc , Feagan Brian G. , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Hibi Toshifumi , Sandborn William J. , Schreiber Stefan , Ritter Timothy , Loftus Edward V. , Rogler Gerhard , Oortwijn Alessandra , Yun Chohee , Le Brun Franck-Olivier , Dinoso Jason , Hsieh Jeremy , Vermeire Séverine 
Published: September 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) regard rapid onset of action among the most important aspects of their treatment. We used the partial Mayo Clinic Score (pMCS) and component patient-reported subscores to assess the rapidity and sustainability of response to filgotinib, a once-daily, oral Janus kinase 1 preferential inhibitor, in adults with moderately to severely active UC in the phase 2b/3 SELECTION trial. The association between early symptomatic improvements and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes was also assessed.

METHODS:
In these post hoc analyses of the double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled 58-week SELECTION trial (NCT02914522), rectal bleeding and stool frequency diary data on days 1–15 and pMCS remission and response at multiple time points including weeks 10 and 58 were evaluated. HRQoL was assessed using the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire at weeks 10 and 58.

RESULTS:
Filgotinib 200 mg relative to placebo improved rectal bleeding and stool frequency within 7 days (P < 0.05). By week 2, greater proportions of filgotinib 200 mg-treated patients than placebo-treated patients achieved pMCS remission (biologic-naive, 15.1% vs 8.0%, P = 0.0410; biologic-experienced, 10.3% vs 4.2%, P = 0.0274). A similar treatment effect was observed at week 58 (P < 0.0001). Day 7 rectal bleeding and stool frequency subscores were associated with the Mayo Clinic Score response at weeks 10 and 58. Patients in pMCS remission at weeks 10 and 58 had greater improvements in the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire score than those not in pMCS remission.

DISCUSSION:
Filgotinib 200 mg daily resulted in rapid and sustained improvements in both UC symptoms and HRQoL.
Lama Perawatan dan Skor Nyeri Pascaoperasi pada Pasien Kraniotomi Elektif dengan Protokol Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS): Laporan Kasus Berbasis Bukti
Authors: Firdaus Riyadh , Jamilah Novi , Friansyah Moch Yasin , Theresia Sandy 
Published: September 2022

Latar belakang: Kraniotomi merupakan salah satu tindakan bedah saraf dengan insidensi nyeri pascaoperasi yang tinggi. Kraniotomi menimbulkan nyeri yang berat pada 90% pasien dengan kejadian tersering dalam 48 jam setelah dilakukan tindakan dan 30% diantaranya mengalami nyeri kepala kronik. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan manajemen perioperatif yang adekuat untuk meningkatkan pemulihan pasien pascaoperasi, salah satunya dengan penerapan protokol enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS).Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh protokol ERAS terhadap lama perawatan dan skor nyeri pascaoperasi pada pasien yang menjalani kraniotomi elektif.Metode: Pencarian literatur dilakukan pada 5 pusat data yaitu PubMed, Cochrane, Proquest, Scopus, dan Science Direct dengan menggunakan kata kunci enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS), craniotomy, length of stay, dan pain scale. Artikel terpilih dilakukan telaah kritis menggunakan formulir dari Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Hasil: Berdasarkan 3 artikel terpilih, yaitu 2 studi randomized control trial (RCT) dan 1 studi prospektif non-RCT, didapatkan bahwa protokol ERAS dapat menurunkan lama perawatan dan skor nyeri pascaoperasi pada pasien kraniotomi elektif. Studi pertama menyatakan bahwa terdapat perbedaan siginifikan lama perawatan di intensive care unit (ICU) pada kelompok ERAS dengan nilai absolute risk reduction (ARR) = 25,02 dan number needed to treat (NNT) = 4 (p = 0,003; 95% CI 2,1 - 51,2). Studi kedua menyatakan bahwa terdapat perbedaan skor nyeri yang bermakna antara kelompok ERAS dan konvensional dengan nilai p < 0,0001 dan 95% CI 3,51–15,99. Studi ketiga menyatakan terdapat penurunan total lama hari perawatan dengan median 13 hari pada kelompok konvensional dibandingkan 10 hari pada kelompok ERAS (p = 0,004).Kesimpulan: Penerapan protokol ERAS terbukti efektif dalam menurunkan lama perawatan dan skor nyeri pascaoperasi pada pasien yang menjalani kraniotomi elektif. Namun dibutuhkan penelitian multisenter dengan jumlah subjek penelitian yang lebih banyak untuk mengevaluasi efikasi dan keamanan penerapan protokol ERAS pada kraniotomi.
Geometric basis of action potential of skeletal muscle cells and neurons
Authors: Li Qing 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Although we know something about single-cell neuromuscular junctions, it is still unclear how multiple skeletal muscle cells coordinate to complete intricate spatial curve movement. Here, we hypothesize that skeletal muscle cell populations with action potentials are aligned according to curved manifolds in space (a curved shape in space). When a specific motor nerve impulse is transmitted, the skeletal muscle also moves according to the corresponding shape (manifolds). The action potential of motor nerve fibers has the characteristics of a time curve manifold, and this time-manifold curve of motor nerve fibers comes from the visual cortex in which spatial geometric manifolds are formed within the synaptic connection of neurons. This spatial geometric manifold of the synaptic connection of neurons originates from spatial geometric manifolds outside nature that are transmitted to the brain through the cone cells and ganglion cells of the retina. The essence of life is that life is an object that can move autonomously, and the essence of life’s autonomous movement is the movement of proteins. Theoretically, because of the infinite diversity of geometric manifold shapes in nature, the arrangement and combination of 20 amino acids should have infinite diversity, and the geometric manifold formed by the protein three-dimensional spatial structure should also have infinite diversity.
情态动词 “可以” 的语法教学
Authors: 张寒冰  , 刘莉丹  
Published: September 2022

提 要
“可以” 是现代汉语中典型的多义情态动词，因与其他近义情态动词存在交错关系，成为汉语作为第二语言教学中的一个难点。通过对母语语料的统计发现，“可以”表[许可]义的数量远高于[能力]义，这一方面反映了[许可]义的原型性，一方面也成为安排教学顺序的依据。本文通过确定不可替代用法论证了 “可以” 在语义表现中的 “条件性”，并提炼了相应的句法形式，同时结合中介语语料，对 “可以” 的语法教学提出了相应的建议。
Comparing the functional range of English to be to German sein: a test of the boundary permeability hypothesis
Authors: Berg Thomas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The boundary permeability hypothesis views language as a system of categories which are more or less rigidly separated from one another. In previous work on grammatical categories, English was characterized as a soft boundary and German as a strict boundary language. This project presents a test of the prediction that English to be has a wider functional range than its German counterpart sein. The range of these verbs is determined on the basis of a bidirectional translation study. English to be is translated by a larger variety of lexical verbs in German while sein is translated by a smaller number of lexical verbs in English. In fact, the translation equivalents of sein form a subset of those of to be. Moreover, to be plays a much larger role in constructions such as there is and it is than sein does. The boundary permeability hypothesis views this structural difference and the wider semantic range of to be as two sides of the same coin. It is suggested that English is a more speaker-friendly language than German.
Experimental investigation of soiling effects on the photovoltaic modules energy generation
Authors: Jendar Gufran Adnan , Hasnawi Al-Rubaye Layth Abed , Abdulrahman Imad Saeed , Hassan Qusay 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The article describes an experimental investigation of the impact of soiling on the photovoltaic modules in northeastern, Iraq. Over five months, the voltage, current power and energy curves of two identical modules with varying cleaning strategies (one was naturally dusty while the other was cleaned regularly) were measured. The impact of soiling on the daily energy produced as well as rain accumulation and particulate matter concentrations are discussed. The results indicated that no losses occurred during wet seasons, but a considerable decline in performance was found during dry periods owing to soiling. Additionally, it was discovered that soiling has a bigger effect on the maximum power than the short-circuit current. After two dry summer months, the greatest power loss of up to 22% was seen. The daily energy loss due to soiling was determined to be 16% on average. Furthermore, there are four polynomial models that have been drowned in prediction photovoltaic module (voltage, current, power, and energy) degradation due to the accumulation of dust.