bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inequality of opportunity in child nutrition in Pakistan
Authors: Sriram Shyamkumar , Naz Lubna 
Published: February 2025

Introduction
Malnutrition among children is one of the major health challenges in Pakistan. The National Nutritional Survey 2018 revealed that 44% of children are stunted. Different circumstances surrounding a child’s birth can lead to inequality of opportunity in early childhood, with significant nutritional inequalities between rural and urban areas. This study aims to identify the drivers of inequality of opportunity in stunting among children under-five years of age in Pakistan.

Methods
This study used Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, 2017–18 to identify the factors contributing to inequality of opportunity in child’s stunting. The Dissimilarity index (D-index), along with Oaxaca decomposition, and Shapely decomposition were employed to measure and decompose inequality in opportunity in stunting. Regional variations in stunting among children under various circumstances were analyzed using Geographic Information System or GIS.

Results
The burden of stunting is exceptionally high in Pakistan, with the prevalence in rural areas significantly exceeding that in urban areas from 1990 to 2018. Shapley decomposition of the contributors to inequality in opportunity indicates that maternal education accounted for 24% of total inequality among rural children and 44% among urban children. Water and sanitation contributed 22% to overall inequality in rural areas but only 2% in urban areas, highlighting the critical role of inadequate water and sanitation in rural settings. The wealth index was a predominant contributor to inequality both nationally and in urban areas. Southern regions exhibit a higher prevalence of stunting and a greater proportion of households lacking adequate water and sanitation. Additionally, the concentration of uneducated mothers and stunted children is notably high in Balochistan and Sindh.

Conclusions
The lack of maternal education, inadequate access to water and sanitation services, and lower socio-economic status are key factors contributing to inequality of opportunity in stunting among children under five in Pakistan. Understanding the critical role of these circumstances can help policymakers address the situation and implement concrete steps to enhance equal opportunities for child health.
Diabetes mellitus in the elderly: clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the all-Russian cohort of diabetic patients over 65 years
Authors: Shestakova M. V. , Vikulova O. K. , Zheleznyakova A. V. , Kutakova D. V. , Isakov M. A. , Mokrysheva N. G. 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND: Population aging leads to an increase in the prevalence of age-associated diseases, which makes it relevant to study the characteristics of diabetes mellitus (DM) in older adults.AIM: The aim of our study was to analyze the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of DM in elderly people (≥65 years), the state of carbohydrate metabolism (level of HbA1c), the frequency of diabetic complications and the characteristics of glucose-lowering therapy (GLT) in the Russian Federation (RF).MATERIALS AND METHODS: Object of the study: Russian cohort of patients with diabetes based on the diabetes registry (http://diaregistry.ru), a depersonalized data unloading as of 01.01.2024, including patients from 87 regions of the RF, n=5205647. Patients were stratified by age ≥ and <65 years into 2 groups: “65+”, n=3085805 and “65-”, n=2119842 and analyzed in the subgroups of type 1 and type 2 DM, in dynamics 2013–2023.RESULTS: The total number of DM patients aged 65+ is 3085805, which is 59,3% of the total number of DM patients; with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) — 63,8%, with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) — 8,1% of patients. Over the period 2013-2023, there was an ­increase in the proportion of elderly people with T2DM from 50,2% to 63,8%, with T1DM — 7,9-8,1%. The proportion of patients with onset of T2DM over the age 60 years increased from 51% to 63%. Clinical characteristics in the «65+» and «65-» group differed significantly in T1DM in the level of HbA1c 7,8 vs 8,0%, level of GFR 75,0 vs 107,2 ml/min/1,73 m2, BMI 26,9 vs 23,2 kg/m2; in T2DM the level of HbA1c 7,3 vs 7,5%, level of GFR 73,1 vs 89,1 ml/min/1,73 m2; BMI 30,9 vs 32,0 kg/m2, respectively. The proportion of obese patients increased with age in T1DM from 13% to 36%, and decreased in T2DM from 62% to 54%. In the group of older patients with both types of DM, a higher frequency of diabetic complications with combined damage to target organs of CKD, ASCVD and CHF was observed: on average 4,6 times with in T1DM, 2,2 times in T2DM. When analyzing the GLT in the group of 65+, sulfonylurea (SU) drugs dominate 45,3% vs 35,0%, the proportion of metformin and drugs with organoprotective effects (DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT-2 inhibitors, arGLP-1) decreases.CONCLUSION: An analysis of older patients from the all-Russian population of DM patients showed significant clinical differences characterizing the pathophysiological features of the course of DM in the elderly, which requires special attention to the aspects of individualization of treatment goals and choice of therapy from the standpoint of safety and risk reduction in this cohort of patients.
An Algorithm for Generalized Conversion to Normal Distribution for Independent and Identically Distributed Random Variables
Authors: Rellon Louie Resti Sandoval 
Published: February 2025

The paper analyzes an efficient alternative to the Box-Cox and Johnson’s transformation to normality methods which operates under fairly general settings. The method hinges on two results in mathematical statistics: the fact that the cumulative distribution function F(x) of a random variable x always has a U(0,1) distribution and the Box-Mueller transformation of uniform random variables to standard normal random variables. Bounds for the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic between the distribution of the transformed observations and the normal distribution are provided by numerical simulation and by appealing to the Dvoretzky-Kiefer- Wolfowitz inequality.
Lung‐delivered IL‐10 mitigates Lung inflammation induced by repeated endotoxin exposures in male mice
Authors: Schwab Aaron D. , Wyatt Todd A. , Schanze Oliver W. , Nelson Amy J. , Gleason Angela M. , Duryee Michael J. , Mosley Deanna D. , Thiele Geoffrey M. , Mikuls Ted R. , Poole Jill A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTherapies capable of resolving inflammatory lung disease resulting from high‐consequence occupational/environmental hazards are lacking. This study seeks to determine the therapeutic potential of direct lung‐delivered interleukin (IL)‐10 following repeated lipopolysaccharide exposures. C57BL/6 mice were intratracheally instilled with LPS (10 μg) and treated with IL‐10 (1 μg) or vehicle control for 3 days. Lung cell infiltrates were enumerated by flow cytometry. Lung sections were stained for myeloperoxidase (MPO), CCR2, vimentin, and post‐translational protein citrullination (CIT) and malondialdehyde‐acetaldehyde (MAA) modifications. Lung function testing and longitudinal in vivo micro‐CT imaging were performed. Whole lungs were profiled using bulk RNA sequencing. IL‐10 treatment reduced LPS‐induced weight loss, pentraxin‐2, and IL‐6 serum levels. LPS‐induced lung proinflammatory and wound repair mediators (i.e., TNF‐α, IL‐6, CXCL1, CCL2, MMP‐8, MMP‐9, TIMP‐1, fibronectin) were decreased with IL‐10. IL‐10 reduced LPS‐induced influx of lung neutrophils, CD8+ T cells, NK cells, recruited monocyte‐macrophages, monocytes, and tissue expression of CCR2+ monocytes‐macrophages, MPO+ neutrophils, vimentin, CIT, and MAA. IL‐10 reduced LPS‐induced airway hyperresponsiveness and improved lung compliance. Micro‐CT imaging confirmed the reduction in LPS‐induced lung density by IL‐10. Lung‐delivered IL‐10 therapy administered after daily repeated endotoxin exposures strikingly reduces lung inflammatory and wound repair processes to decrease lung pathologic changes and mitigate airway dysfunction.
Migration on digital news platforms: Using large-scale digital text analysis and time-series to estimate the effects of socioeconomic data on migration content
Authors: Simonsen Sandra , Baden Christian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The way digital news platforms represent migration issues can significantly impact intergroup relations and policymaking. A recurring question in the debate on the role of news platforms is whether they merely transmit information on migration, or actively hype specific issues. Drawing on a comprehensive set of socioeconomic statistics on migrants in Denmark, and employing a longitudinal automated content analysis of migration news content, we utilize time-series analysis to understand how four distinct categories of threat (security, economic, cultural, and generalized) relate to socioeconomic data on terror attacks, migrant crime levels, economic performance, and demographic trends. The results reveal a direct effect of terror attacks, economic performance, and demographic trends on migration news. We discuss the implications of socioeconomic and demographic developments as factors in digital media content to understand the role of media and substantiate contemporary debates.
Intelligent data collection algorithm research for WSNs
Authors: Zhong Weihe 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The high development of sensors and wireless network technology has led to the widespread application of wireless sensor networks in the field of environmental monitoring. How to establish efficient, fast, and stable data collection algorithms has become a hot research field. Given this, a dynamic clustering and multi-hop data collection algorithm is proposed based on the neighbor clustering propagation algorithm, low-power adaptive layered routing protocol, and multi-hop priority strategy. The final experimental results indicated that the dynamic data collection algorithm only entered a significant decay period after 2,000 rounds of data collection, indicating that under the same conditions, the dynamic data collection algorithm had better data transmission performance. In Scenario 1, the survival rate of the dynamic data collection algorithm was still close to 80% at 300 rounds. The dynamic data collection algorithm in Scenario 2 was still close to 75% at 1,500 rounds. In Scenario 3, the remaining algorithms decreased to below 50% after 100 rounds, while the dynamic data collection algorithm remained close to 90% after 300 rounds. The remaining algorithms in Scenario 4 dropped below 50% by 500 rounds, while the dynamic data collection algorithm was still close to 70% by 1,500 rounds. The experiment fully demonstrates that the dynamic data collection algorithm has strong comprehensive performance, the best stability, and the highest energy utilization efficiency. Therefore, the dynamic algorithm proposed in the study has strong survivability and performance advantages in various scenarios.
Die Fremdartigkeit der traditionellen chinesischen Erzählliteratur: Zur Rezeption des
Liaozhai zhiyi
im deutschsprachigen Raum
Authors: Hong Kunlyu 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht anhand von Vorworten, Einleitungen und Presserezensionen deutscher Übersetzungen die Fremdartigkeit, die eine allgemeine deutschsprachige Leserschaft bei der Rezeption traditioneller chinesischer Erzählliteratur empfindet. Als Beispiel wird die Sammlung Liaozhai zhiyi von Pu Songling (1640–1715) gewählt, die als Höhepunkt der traditionellen chinesischen Erzählung gilt und zu den meistübersetzten chinesischen Werken zählt. Ihre repräsentativen deutschsprachigen Übersetzungen und Rezensionen dazu, die sich über ein Jahrhundert erstrecken, bieten eine vorteilhafte Forschungsgrundlage. Es wird gezeigt, dass der chinesische Volksglaube, verbunden mit verschiedenen Chinabildern, am häufigsten als Fremdartiges thematisiert oder angedeutet wurde, wobei im Laufe der Zeit immer mehr Aspekte in Betracht kamen. Da Fremdartigkeit erst in Relation zum Eigenen in Erscheinung tritt, wird auch untersucht, welche vertrauten Elemente die Übersetzer bzw. Rezensenten zum Vergleich herangezogen haben. Insgesamt hat sich die von deutschsprachigen Lesern im LZZY empfundene Fremdartigkeit von einer vorurteilshaften, selbstzentrierten Wahrnehmung zu einer konkreteren und differenzierteren mit bewussterer Selbstreflexion entwickelt. Diese Entwicklung ist jedoch viel deutlicher in Vorworten und Einleitungen als in den Rezensionen zu erkennen.
The active ingredients and mechanism of Zuoqing San in the treatment of sigmoid ulcerative colitis by retention enema
Authors: Li Ming , Deng Heng , Xu Shuqing , Fang Xiaoli , Tang Kun , Chen Li , Zha Ansheng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
This investigation aimed to evaluate the efficacy, key active ingredients, and mechanisms of Zuoqing San (ZQS), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, in managing sigmoid ulcerative colitis (SUC).

Methods
A cohort of 126 participants was recruited and treated with ZQS at a daily dosage of 100 mL for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was the percentage of subjects achieving favorable treatment outcomes. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed to identify the principal ingredients of ZQS. Network pharmacology was utilized to predict the central targets of its active ingredients. Protein-protein interaction networks, Gene Ontology enrichment analyses, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses were conducted for identified core targets. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations of key active ingredients and core targets were performed.

Results
Following 12 weeks of therapy, with a withdrawal rate of 7.93 %, favorable treatment outcomes were observed in 31.03 % of subjects at 4 weeks, 66.37 % at 8 weeks (Odds Ratio: 1.54, 95 % Confidence Interval: 0.41–1.83), and 68.10 % at 12 weeks (Odds Ratio: 1.86, 95 % CI: 0.32–1.27). ZQS comprises 31 principal chemical constituents. Key targets within the protein-protein interaction network included TNF, AKT1, IL6, IL1β, PTGS2, TP53, JUN, MMP9, CASP3, HIF1A, and BCL1. Pathway analysis indicated ZQS primarily impacts the TNF, NF-kB, and IL-17 signaling pathways. Molecular dynamics simulation results showed oxymatrine, cynarin had higher affinity with TNF and IL1β, respectively.

Conclusions
This research elucidates the active components of ZQS and its potential multicomponent–multitarget–multipathway pharmacological mechanisms, demonstrating promising therapeutic potential for SUC management.
Tensile testing of high-speed rail wheels using tiny specimens
Authors: Zhu Lin-Mao , Wang Gui-Yong , Wang Hai-Zhou , Wang Peng , Song Yan , Li Dong-Ling , Ye Min , Jia Yun-Hai 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
High-speed rail wheels are critical components responsible for load-carrying, guiding, and transferring traction and braking forces, impacting the safety, stability, and reliability of trains. Among the mechanical properties of high-speed rail wheels, tensile properties influence both heat treatment and overall performance evaluation. This study investigated the tensile properties of the rim and spoke of high-speed rail wheels using both conventional and tiny specimens. Additionally, tensile tests were conducted on tiny specimens sampled along the axial and circumferential directions of the wheel rim to assess the distribution of tensile properties. The tensile properties of tiny specimens of the spoke closely aligned with those of conventional specimens. However, the results obtained using tiny and conventional specimens of the wheel rim, although similar, showed greater variability. The tensile properties of the wheel rim exhibited a gradient distribution, with the highest tensile strength near the tread side and the lowest near the spoke side. The plasticity parameters showed minimal variation along both the axial and circumferential directions of the rim. This study provides valuable insights for optimizing the production process of high-speed rail wheels, ultimately enhancing their overall quality. The findings are significant for improving technical support in the manufacturing of high-speed rail wheels.
Crystal structure of N-((3-cyano-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)carbamoyl)-2,6-difluorobenzamide, C20H7Cl2F8N5O3S
Authors: Fang Yingchun , Song Changlei , Duan Yu-e , Xie Xiaoxue , Du Qingbo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
C20H7Cl2F8N5O3S, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 7.78993(14) Å, b = 11.8299(2) Å, c = 25.8640(5) Å, β = 93.1491(17)°, V = 2379.87(7) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0540, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1306, T = 100 K.
Effect of tramp elements on the microstructural evolution of a ferritic-pearlitic steel
Authors: Hatzenbichler L. , Vincely C. , Haslberger P. , Galler M. , Glushko O. , Holec D. , Clemens H. , Schnitzer R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Pursuing the reduction of CO2 emissions, steel industry shifts towards a scrap-based electric arc furnace production that results in elevated levels of tramp elements. The effect of these elements on material properties and microstructure is not understood in detail in advanced microstructural complex steels. This study employs methods to investigate the microstructure of a typical cold headed wire-rod steel, micro-alloyed with vanadium, from blast furnace production and a trial alloy with intentionally increased tramp element concentrations.
Light optical microscopy is performed to determine grain sizes of the ferritic-pearlitic microstructure and their phase fractions. The interlamellar spacing of pearlite is explored with scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, the regularity of pearlite lamellae is assessed with a machine learning approach. Thermally etched austenite grains are observed with a high-temperature laser scanning confocal microscope at 1000 °C. A comparison to recalculated prior austenite grains from electron backscatter diffraction patterns is performed. The microstructure after cooling is analyzed by LePera etching and phase maps are obtained by electron back scatter diffraction.
The results show that tramp elements do not have an influence on the grain size and phase fractions of the ferritic-pearlitic microstructure in the studied alloy. However, it seems that regular growth of the lamellae is impeded in the trial alloy. Moreover, smaller prior austenite grain sizes are observed and displacive constituents are significantly pronounced, if tramp elements are increased in the alloy.
Metallurgical failure analysis of small-bore tube compression fitting that fractured in a gas turbine burner test rig
Authors: Fischer B. , Giller M. , Neidel A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
After several combustion tests with natural gas-hydrogen mixtures, a fracture occurred inside the compression fitting during disassembly of a thin-walled ¼-inch tube due to high-cycle fatigue fracture. There was no evidence of hydrogen embrittlement or other damage mechanisms.
Key Determinants of Successful Advertising in the Context of SMEs: An Empirical Analysis in Ecuador
Authors: Pérez-Campdesuñer Reyner , Sánchez-Rodríguez Alexander , García-Vidal Gelmar , Martínez-Vivar Rodobaldo , De Miguel-Guzmán Margarita 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Today there is an almost unquestionable recognition of the impact that good advertising actions could have on sales. However, what is not entirely clear is which variables could favor or limit the impact of advertising actions in the context of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). In this sense, this research aimed to delve into which variables affect and to what extent they do so in the impact of advertising campaigns on the increase in the results of MSMEs in Ecuador. For this purpose, an analysis of advertising campaigns was carried out in 425 representative organizations of different activities, such as: gastronomy, personal services, clothing trade, food trade or supplies trade; In the same way, the commercialization is carried out in a personal, indirect or mixed way and they use as communication media: Internet, television, press or print media, radio or mixed. The study evaluated variables such as: the level of competition, customer satisfaction, the intensity and quality of the campaign, the capital invested, the stage of the life cycle or the age of the product that is advertised. As a general result, the existence of a direct correlation between the increase in sales and independent variables such as: invested capital, intensity of campaign, customer satisfaction; and a negative correlation with the level of competence and the stage of the life cycle. No differences were found between the different media, the type of activity or the sales mechanism.
Explicit inverse of symmetric, tridiagonal near Toeplitz matrices with strictly diagonally dominant Toeplitz part
Authors: Kurmanbek Bakytzhan , Erlangga Yogi , Amanbek Yerlan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Let

T

n

=
tridiag

(

−
1
,
b
,
−
1

)

{T}_{n}={\rm{tridiag}}\left(-1,b,-1)

, an

n
×
n

n\times n

symmetric, strictly diagonally dominant tridiagonal matrix (

∣
b
∣
>
2

| b| \gt 2

). This article investigates tridiagonal near-Toeplitz matrices

T

˜

n

≔

[

t

˜

i
,
j

]

{\widetilde{T}}_{n}:= \left[{\widetilde{t}}_{i,j}]

, obtained by perturbing the

(

1
,
1

)

\left(1,1)

and

(

n
,
n

)

\left(n,n)

entry of

T

n

{T}_{n}

. Let

t

˜

1
,
1

=

t

˜

n
,
n

=

b

˜

≠
b

{\widetilde{t}}_{1,1}={\widetilde{t}}_{n,n}=\widetilde{b}\ne b

. We derive exact inverses of

T

˜

n

{\widetilde{T}}_{n}

. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these results hold even when

∣

b

˜

∣
<
1

| \widetilde{b}| \lt 1

. Additionally, we establish upper bounds for the infinite norms of the inverse matrices. The row sums and traces of the inverse provide insight into the matrix’s spectral properties and play a key role in understanding the convergence of fixed-point iterations. These metrics allow us to derive tighter bounds on the infinite norms and improve computational efficiency. Numerical results for Fisher’s problem demonstrate that the derived bounds closely match the actual infinite norms, particularly for

b
>
2

b\gt 2

with

b

˜

≤
1

\widetilde{b}\le 1

and

b
<
−
2

b\lt -2

with

b

˜

≥
−
1

\widetilde{b}\ge -1

. For other cases, further refinement of the bounds is possible. Our results contribute to improving the convergence rates of fixed-point iterations and reducing the computation time for matrix inversion.
The Potential Role of Placenta Morphological, Cytogenetic and Histological Findings in Fetal Phenotype Modeling: A Case Report with Unanswered Questions
Authors: Strautmane Estere , Korņejeva Liene , Ločmele Dzintra , Riekstiņa Marta , Bokučava Diāna , Vedmedovska Natālija 
Published: February 2025

Placental abnormalities significantly contribute to fetal mortality. Maternal vascular underperfusion emerges as the prevailing diagnosis. At the same time, genomic alterations within the placenta might play a role in the development of placental dysfunction. We present a case report of a 24-year-old primigravida with an uneventful medical history, admitted at 21 weeks and 2 days gestation. Despite a low risk for typical trisomies, a high risk for preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction (FGR) was recognized in the first trimester. Anhydramnios, abnormal placental morphology, retrochorial and retromembranous hematomas were observed, prompting the termination of pregnancy (TOP). Histological examination revealed multiple placental abnormalities, while the fetus displayed normal anatomy and phenotype. Discussion encompasses the varied manifestations of histopathological findings, and potential associations with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Our case underscores the importance of meticulous evaluation and multidisciplinary collaboration in managing pregnancies with placental anomalies. Further research is crucial to discern the intricate relationship between placental cytogenetics, morphology, and pregnancy outcomes, thus facilitating better clinical management and counseling strategies.