bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two‐Dimensional Metal‐Organic Frameworks and Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Wang Qiankun , Sun Jiang , Wei Dacheng 
Published: January 2022

Comprehensive SummaryTwo‐dimensional (2D) metal/covalent organic framework (MOF/COF) materials have ultra‐thin thickness and large surface area. These advantages bestow them the characteristics of low resistance and high flux in the process of material transportation. Meanwhile, more active sites promote their application in the fields of catalysis and sensing. Recently, 2D MOF/COF materials usher in a new wave of research. It is necessary to summarize the latest developments in this field in a timely and systematic manner and clarify future trends. In this review, we firstly introduce the advantages of 2D MOF/COF materials in hetero‐porous structure and functional modification. Then, we discuss advanced strategies for preparing 2D MOF/COF materials, such as in‐situ growth, interface synthesis, exfoliation method, electrochemical method, surfactant‐assisted synthesis, and laminated assembly of MOF/COF nanosheets. Finally, we summarize the applications of 2D MOF/COF materials in membrane separation, sensors, and energy storage. In addition, we discuss some unresolved scientific and technological challenges related to the future prospects of this field.
Using Methanol as a Formaldehyde Surrogate for Sustainable Synthesis of N‐Heterocycles via Manganese‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Cyclization
Authors: Shao Zhihui , Yuan Shanshan , Li Yibiao , Liu Qiang 
Published: January 2022

Comprehensive SummaryThe development of an efficient and sustainable synthetic route for formaldehyde production from renewable feedstock, especially in combination with a subsequent transformation to straightforwardly construct valuable chemicals, is highly desirable. Herein, we report a novel manganese‐catalyzed dehydrogenative cyclization of methanol as a formaldehyde surrogate with a variety of dinucleophiles for facile synthesis of N‐heterocycles. The in situ generated formaldehyde via catalytic methanol dehydrogenation can be selectively trapped by diverse dinucleophiles to avoid several possible side reactions. The utility of this transformation is further highlighted by its successful application to the synthesis of 13C‐labeled N‐heterocycles using 13CH3OH as a readily accessible 13C‐isotope reagent.
Visible‐Light‐Enabled Carboxylation of Benzyl Alcohol Derivatives with CO2 Using a Palladium/Iridium Dual Catalyst
Authors: Jin Yushu , Toriumi Naoyuki , Iwasawa Nobuharu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the group of Nobuharu Iwasawa at Tokyo Institute of Technology. The image shows a switchable site‐selective carboxylation between benzylic C−O and aryl C−Cl moieties enabled by a palladium/iridium dual catalyst under visible light irradiation. The Communication itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202102095.
The novel role of circular RNA ST3GAL6 on blocking gastric cancer malignant behaviours through autophagy regulated by the FOXP2/MET/mTOR axis
Authors: Xu Penghui , Zhang Xing , Cao Jiacheng , Yang Jing , Chen Zetian , Wang Weizhi , Wang Sen , Zhang Lu , Xie Li , Fang Lang , Xia Yiwen , Xuan Zhe , Lv Jialun , Xu Hao , Xu Zekuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) ranks third in mortality among all cancers worldwide. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play an important role in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. Forkhead box P2 (FOXP2), as a transcription factor, is closely associated with the development of many types of tumours. However, the regulatory network between FOXP2 and circRNAs remains to be explored. In our study, circST3GAL6 was significantly downregulated in GC and was associated with poor prognosis in GC patients. Overexpression of circST3GAL6 inhibited the malignant behaviours of GC cells, which was mediated by inducing apoptosis and autophagy. In addition, we demonstrated that circST3GAL6 regulated FOXP2 through the mir‐300 sponge. We further found that FOXP2 inhibited MET Proto‐Oncogene (MET), which was the initiating factor that regulated the classic AKT/mTOR pathway of autophagy. In conclusion, our results suggested that circST3GAL6 played a tumour suppressive role in gastric cancer through miR‐300/FOXP2 axis and regulated apoptosis and autophagy through FOXP2‐mediated transcriptional inhibition of the MET axis, which may become a potential target for GC therapy.
Moving to the land: First archaeometric study of chert procurement atCueva de la Cocina(Eastern Iberia)
Authors: Ramacciotti Mirco , García‐Puchol Oreto , Cortell‐Nicolau Alfredo , Gallello Gianni , Morales‐Rubio Angel , Pastor Agustín 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe present work represents the first attempt using an archaeometric approach to characterize the potential chert outcrops and retrace the provenance of the chert raw materials in the Mesolithic and Neolithic contexts of the Eastern Iberia central site of Cueva de la Cocina (Dos Aguas, Valencia). Therefore, a research project aimed at identifying and characterizing potential sources in the surroundings of the site was carried out, as a first step, to test some hypotheses related to raw material provenance. Elemental profiles of several archaeological artifacts and of geological samples collected in different local and nonlocal outcrops were obtained using X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. These chemical data were processed using multivariate statistics to investigate the possible links between the outcrops and archaeological artifacts. Preliminary results point to the use of local raw materials and also the presence of rocks outcropping in a perimeter of more than 50 km around Cueva de la Cocina, opening a new window to investigate the socioecological dynamics of the last hunter‐gatherer and the first farmer inhabitants from a diachronic point of view in this region.
Relation between haptoglobin polymorphism and oxidative stress status, lipid profile, and cardiovascular risk in sickle cell anemia patients
Authors: Kengne Fotsing Christian Bernard , Pieme Constant Anatole , Biapa Nya Prosper Cabral , Chedjou Jean Paul , Dabou Solange , Nguemeni Carine , Teto Georges , Mbacham Wilfred Fon , Gatsing Donatien 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe haptoglobin (Hp) gene located on chromosome 16q22 exhibits a polymorphism that can impact its capacity to inhibit the deleterious oxidative activity of free hemoglobin. We aimed to determine the influence of Hp polymorphism on oxidative stress, lipid profile, and cardiovascular risk in Cameroonian sickle cell anemia patients (SCA patients).MethodThe Hp genotypes of 102 SCA patients (SS), 60 healthy individuals (AA), and 55 subjects with sickle cell trait (AS) were determined by allele‐specific PCR, and the blood parameters were assessed using standard methods.ResultsHp2‐2 genotype was significantly (P < .05) present in SS (54%) than in AS (42%) and AA (38%). Levels of catalase and cell reactive protein were higher, while levels of total antioxidant capacity, triglycerides, low‐density lipoprotein cholestetol, blood pressure, Framingham score, and body mass index were lower in the SCA patients. These parameters appeared to be unrelated to the haptoglobin genotypes. SCA patients with Hp1‐1 genotype presented a higher oxidative stress index (0.53 ± 0.31) than those with Hp2‐1 (0.33 ± 0.18). Lipid profile and cardiovascular risk were not significantly different between various Hp genotypes in SCA patients.ConclusionHaptoglobin polymorphism did not affect lipid profile, cardiovascular risk, and oxidative stress status of SCA patients. Nevertheless, SCA patients with Hp1‐1 genotype tended to be more prone to oxidative stress than those with Hp2‐1.
The influence of ambient aroma on middle school students' academic emotions
Authors: Ma Yuanguang 
Published: January 2022

This study investigated the influence of ambient aroma on the academic emotions experienced by middle school students in a practical educational environment. The study was conducted with pre‐ and post‐test experimental design upon subjects in three parallel classes (n = 109) in grade two of a junior school in China. These classes were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions (no aroma, daily aroma or aroma every other day). The academic emotions of the students were measured twice using the Adolescent Academic Emotion Questionnaire, once before and once 8 weeks after the use of aromatherapy. Comparison of the change in ratings from baseline to post‐test showed that compared to the control class; joy, hope, positive high‐arousal academic emotion and relaxation were significantly higher in ambient aroma conditions, and anger and negative high‐arousal academic emotion in these conditions were significantly lower. The results suggest that the ambient aroma of sweet orange essential oil can mitigate the reduction in positive academic emotion and improve negative academic emotion in school students over time.
Glycidol‐modified polyethylenimine‐capped carbon dots with ultrastable fluorescence for sensitive and selective detection of folic acid in food samples
Authors: Zhan Xiao‐Ye , Wang Bin , Yu Li‐Ping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGlycidol‐modified polyethylenimine (PEI‐OH)‐capped carbon dots (PEI‐OH‐CDs) were prepared and applied for selectively and sensitively detecting folic acid in food samples. PEI‐OH‐CDs were firstly synthesized by a one‐pot hydrothermal method using PEI‐OH and citric acid as precursors, and the transmission electron microscopy characterization reveals that the PEI‐OH‐CDs were of spherical shape with diameters of 2–3 nm and well dispersed in solution. The PEI‐OH‐CDs have high fluorescence and exhibit ultrastrong stability against pH, ion strength, and UV light irradiation. In a wide pH range higher than pH 6, the fluorescence of PEI‐OH‐CDs can be effectively quenched by folic acid through static quenching process and inner filter effect but is not affected by many typical chemicals including cations, anions, amino acids, and vitamins. A good linear relationship was found between the F0/F and the concentration of folic acid in the range from 0.1 to 100 μM, and the detection limit of folic acid is 0.07 μM. The PEI‐OH‐CDs were successfully applied for sensitive determination of folic acid in orange juice, fresh pear, grape spinach, and celery samples at pH 7.2, which is helpful to the stability of folic acid and provides a new strategy for accuracy detection of folic acid in food samples.
Teamwork facilitation and conflict resolution training in a HyFlex course during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Magana Alejandra J. , Karabiyik Tugba , Thomas Paul , Jaiswal Aparajita , Perera Viranga , Dworkin James 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated the effect of three teaching strategies to facilitate teamwork in a systems analysis and design course during the COVID‐19 pandemic: (1) offering a HyFlex version of the course, (2) facilitating scheduled online teamwork sessions for all students, and (3) providing conflict resolution training to help teams overcome collaboration challenges.Purpose/HypothesisTo identify the impact of these instructional strategies and answer four research questions, we measured (1) performance, dynamics, and cooperation strategies of teams and (2) students' perceptions of their own and team members' performance along with changes in their perceptions of their conflict management skills.Design/MethodWe used a simultaneous triangulation mixed‐methods design to obtain distinct but complementary qualitative and quantitative data. We compared data from two offerings of the course: Fall 2019 and Fall 2020 semesters. In the Fall 2019 semester, an in‐person active learning strategy was used, while in the Fall 2020 semester, the course followed a HyFlex delivery mode due to the COVID‐19 pandemic.ResultsFindings suggest that the use of cooperative learning pedagogy along with HyFlex accommodations for safety and social distancing requirements for the Fall 2020 semester provided students with a comparable learning experience to a traditional in‐person mode.ConclusionsLearning strategies, pedagogical supports, and teamwork training can enhance social interactions, and consequently, students' social presence in online learning. Conflict resolution training could be a valuable tool for improving teamwork skills and communication among team members.
Molecular and immune interactions between β- and γ-herpesviruses in the immunocompromised host
Authors: Sánchez-Ponce Yessica , Fuentes-Pananá Ezequiel M 
Published: January 2022

Abstractβ- and γ-herpesviruses persistently infect most of the world population, largely without clinical manifestations. However, in immunosuppressive settings like transplantation, these viruses are often jointly reactivated, associating with graft dysfunction/rejection, HCMV disease, and lymphoproliferation. In HIV/AIDS, direct interaction mechanisms have been described for EBV and KSHV in primary effusion lymphoma, demonstrating that the cooperation between both viruses enhances lymphomagenesis. Here, we discuss the clinical evidence supporting that the simultaneous reactivation of these viruses increases the probability of mutual interactions, also providing a conceptual framework explaining how one virus can influence another. Specifically, we propose mechanisms of indirect communication through immune soluble mediators, mainly cytokines, chemokines, and IFN regulatory molecules, based on common features of their infectious cycles and the convergent need on immunomodulatory mechanisms. This latter point should be experimentally addressed in feature research.
PD-L1 expression in peripheral blood granulocytes at diagnosis as prognostic factor in classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Cuccaro Annarosa , Bellesi Silvia , Galli Eugenio , Zangrilli Ilaria , Corrente Francesco , Cupelli Elisa , Fatone Federica , Maiolo Elena , Alma Eleonora , Viscovo Marcello , D'Alò Francesco , Annunziata Salvatore , Martini Maurizio , Rufini Vittoria , Giordano Alessandro , De Stefano Valerio , Larocca Luigi Maria , Hohaus Stefan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a neoplastic disease in which the inflammatory microenvironment plays a pivotal role in the tumorigenesis. Neutrophilia is a typical finding in HL at diagnosis and, in particular, in association with lymphocytopenia, is a negative prognostic factor. As the immune checkpoint Programmed Death (PD)-L1/PD-1 has become an important therapeutic target, we were interested in the expression of PD-L1 in peripheral blood (PB) leukocytes using flow cytometry and RT-PCR in patients with HL and healthy controls. Granulocytes were the major PB cell fraction expressing PD-L1. PD-L1 expression on granulocytes was higher in patients with HL than in controls and correlated with lower T-cell numbers in PB. We analyzed for associations between PD-L1 expression in PB granulocytes at the time of diagnosis with patient characteristics and outcome in 126 patients with HL treated with standard chemotherapy adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine. Increased PD-L1 expression in PB associated with advanced disease, systemic symptoms, positive interim positron emission tomography, and inferior progression-free survival (PFS). PFS at 4 years was 81% (95% C.I., 71–87%) in patients with normal PD-L1 expression and 56% (95% C.I., 35–72%) in patients with higher-than-normal PD-L1 expression (p = 0.002). In conclusion, PD-L1 expression in PB could become a potentially actionable prognostic factor in HL.
Dynamics of antibody response to CoronaVac vaccine
Authors: Fonseca Marcela Helena Gambim , de Souza Tamiris de Fátima Goebel , de Carvalho Araújo Fernanda Montenegro , de Andrade Luiz Odorico Monteiro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCoronaVac was the first vaccine approved in Brazil for use in healthcare workers (HCWs). However, there is limited information about it, with little long‐term evidence on post‐vaccination antibody persistence. This study evaluated the antibody response to SARS‐CoV‐2 in 1237 HCWs after the first (1D), second dose (2D), and 6 months postvaccination (6mA2D) with CoronaVac. The seropositivity was 88% at 1D, increasing to 99.8% at 2D, but decreasing to 97.9% at 6mA2D, which was also observed at the analyzed antibody levels. Interestingly, the levels in females were higher than males, and we found a positive correlation with previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Participants with comorbidities had lower levels suggesting the need to monitor for a potential booster dose. Our findings suggest that CoronaVac induced a robust antibody response that wanes significantly over time. Further longitudinal studies are needed to identify whether the antibodies will decline or plateau at a lower level.
Broadband Janus Scattering from Tilted Dipolar Metagratings
Authors: Chen Xuan , Li Min , Chen Wenchao , Yang Haochen , Pei Zhicheng , Li Er‐Ping , Chen Hongsheng , Wang Zuojia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractElectromagnetic resonances in meta‐atoms have empowered optical interfaces with unprecedented abilities in wavefront manipulation. Despite the versatile applications, energy efficiency and bandwidth improvement are still theoretically constrained by the dispersion feature of resonances in mesoscopic structures. Here, a nontrivial phase modulation mechanism is exposed that breaks the efficiency and bandwidth limit in electric dipolar resonances. By arranging electric dipoles into tilted periodic arrays, the time‐reversed scattering channels are suppressed and dispersionless reflection as well as controllable phase retardation from planar interfaces are achieved. Two types of reflectionless metagratings are demonstrated to support the theoretical prediction. Janus phase retarders show asymmetric phase modulation over a broad spectrum protected by reciprocity. Janus backscattering mirrors retroreflect incident waves for one side while showing transparency in the time‐reversed reflection channel. Experimental measurements validate the concept of broadband Janus scattering at optical axes misalignment interfaces.
Controllable Dynamic Single‐ and Dual‐Channel Graphene Q‐Switching in a Beam‐Splitter‐Type Channel Waveguide Laser
Authors: Bae Ji Eun , Calmano Thomas , Kränkel Christian , Rotermund Fabian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDirect inscription of structures by femtosecond‐laser pulses facilitates the flexible fabrication of diverse optical channel waveguides in dielectric laser gain media. Among them, beam‐splitter‐type waveguide lasers have been recently studied; however, there is a lack of investigations on the effect of unique characteristics of such waveguides, such as controlled splitting ratios of output powers and selectable excitation of individual channels, for pulsed laser operation. Here, dynamic single‐ and dual‐channel graphene Q‐switching of an Yb:YAG waveguide consisting of one input and two output channels is demonstrated by controlling the power‐splitting ratio. Single‐channel Q‐switched operation, exhibiting typical Q‐switched pulses, is achieved by interaction between the graphene saturable absorber and the desired one of the two channels. When both channels exceed the Q‐switching threshold, dual‐channel Q‐switching generates a pulse train that simultaneously combines the separately Q‐switched pulses induced from each channel under excitation with a single pump source. At a fixed power‐splitting ratio, the pulsed mode can be dynamically switched between the single‐ and dual‐channel Q‐switched operations by varying the pump power. The beam‐splitter‐type waveguide laser demonstrated in this study can be further developed for multiple‐channel Q‐switching, high‐repetition‐rate mode‐locking, and on‐chip dual‐comb sources advantageous for diverse applications in optical communication, metrology, and sensing.
Galvanic corrosion behavior of titanium‐clad steel plate in the marine environment
Authors: Hu Jiezhen , Huang Huan , Deng Peichang , Wang Gui , Wu Mingfa , Liu Wenjuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this study, the galvanic corrosion behavior of the side surface of titanium‐clad steel plate (TCSP) and below the defects, which penetrate through the titanium layer of TCSP, have been focused on. Electrochemical corrosion tests and infinite focus three‐dimensional measurement results revealed that galvanic corrosion on the side of TCSP will lead to widespread pitting of the steel, and the distribution positions of pits in splash, tidal, and submerged zones are different. Severe corrosion occurs below the defects in the titanium layer of TCSP, and the larger the defect, the deeper the corrosion depth, but TCSP with smaller defects have larger corrosion width on the Ti‐Stl line (the joint between the titanium and steel). This shows that the size of the defect will influence the density of corrosion products and the effect of TCSP defect internal corrosion on titanium layer peeling is extremely limited.
Structure attention co‐training neural network for neovascularization segmentation in intravascular optical coherence tomography
Authors: Wu Xiangjun , Zhang Yingqian , Zhang Peng , Hui Hui , Jing Jing , Tian Feng , Jiang Jingying , Yang Xin , Chen Yundai , Tian Jie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo development and validate a neovascularization (NV) segmentation model in intravascular optical coherence tomography (IVOCT) through deep learning methods.Methods and materialsA total of 1950 2D slices of 70 IVOCT pullbacks were used in our study. We randomly selected 1273 2D slices from 44 patients as the training set, 379 2D slices from 11 patients as the validation set, and 298 2D slices from the last 15 patients as the testing set. Automatic NV segmentation is quite challenging, as it must address issues of speckle noise, shadow artifacts, high distribution variation, etc. To meet these challenges, a new deep learning‐based segmentation method is developed based on a co‐training architecture with an integrated structural attention mechanism. Co‐training is developed to exploit the features of three consecutive slices. The structural attention mechanism comprises spatial and channel attention modules and is integrated into the co‐training architecture at each up‐sampling step. A cascaded fixed network is further incorporated to achieve segmentation at the image level in a coarse‐to‐fine manner.ResultsExtensive experiments were performed involving a comparison with several state‐of‐the‐art deep learning‐based segmentation methods. Moreover, the consistency of the results with those of manual segmentation was also investigated. Our proposed NV automatic segmentation method achieved the highest correlation with the manual delineation by interventional cardiologists (the Pearson correlation coefficient is 0.825).ConclusionIn this work, we proposed a co‐training architecture with an integrated structural attention mechanism to segment NV in IVOCT images. The good agreement between our segmentation results and manual segmentation indicates that the proposed method has great potential for application in the clinical investigation of NV‐related plaque diagnosis and treatment.
Morphology of multiple constant height hydraulic fractures versus propagation regime
Authors: Dontsov Egor V. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate morphology of simultaneously propagating hydraulic fractures from a horizontal well. There are certain situations, in which stress interaction between the fractures is not influential and this results in a very similar geometry of each fracture. At the same time, for some other parameters, the stress interaction is very strong, so that the fractures interact with each other and develop complex shapes. By focusing on the constant height hydraulic fractures, it is shown that there is a dimensionless parameter that controls such a behavior. A series of numerical examples is presented to illustrate the findings.