bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the effectiveness of population-based breast cancer service screening: an analysis of parsimonious patient survival information with the time-varying Cox model
Authors: Chang Rene Wei-Jung , Jen Grace Hsiao-Hsuan , Lin Kuan-Chia , Cheng Tsung-Chi , Chuang Shao-Yuan , Pan Shin-Liang , Chen Tony Hsiu-Hsi , Yen Amy Ming-Fang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
This study is aimed at estimating the unbiased effectiveness of population-based breast cancer service screening based on case survival information alone rather than large-scale individual screening data pursuant to the intention-to-treat principle of a randomized–controlled trial.

Methods
A novel time-dependent switched design with two modalities of cancer detection (screen-detected vs clinically detected) was proposed to evaluate the effectiveness of breast cancer screening. We used data on 767 patients from Kopparberg in the Swedish Two-County trial and on 78 587 patients in the Taiwan population-based service screening. We estimated the relative rate of the screen-detected vs the clinically detected with adjustment for both truncation and lead-time biases. The absolute effectiveness in terms of the number needed to screen (NNS) for averting one death from breast cancer was estimated.

Results
The relative rate of effectiveness was estimated as 33%, which was consistent with the 37% reported from the original Swedish randomized–controlled trial. The corresponding estimate for the Taiwan screening programme was 42%, which was also very close to that estimated using individual screening history data (41%). Both relative estimates were further applied to yield 446 and 806 of NNS for averting one death from breast cancer for the corresponding two data sets.

Conclusion
The proposed time-dependent switched design and analysis with two modalities of case survival information provides a very efficient means for estimating the unbiased estimates of relative and absolute effectiveness of population-based breast cancer service screening dispensing with a large amount of individual screening history data.
Uniform block-diagonal preconditioners for divergence-conforming HDG Methods for the generalized Stokes equations and the linear elasticity equations
Authors: Fu Guosheng , Kuang Wenzheng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We propose a uniform block-diagonal preconditioner for condensed $H$(div)-conforming hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin schemes for parameter-dependent saddle point problems, including the generalized Stokes equations and the linear elasticity equations. An optimal preconditioner is obtained for the stiffness matrix on the global velocity/displacement space via the auxiliary space preconditioning technique (Xu (1994) The Auxiliary Space Method and Optimal Multigrid Preconditioning Techniques for Unstructured Grids, vol. 56. International GAMM-Workshop on Multi-level Methods (Meisdorf), pp. 215–235). A spectrally equivalent approximation to the Schur complement on the element-wise constant pressure space is also constructed, and an explicit computable exact inverse is obtained via the Woodbury matrix identity. Finally, the numerical results verify the robustness of our proposed preconditioner with respect to model parameters and mesh size.
The Green Backlash against Economic Globalization
Authors: Nguyen Quynh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDespite the steady increase in environmental provisions being included in trade agreements to address potential environmental risks associated with increased trade, growing public concern about environmental issues has given rise to major public protests against various trade agreements. However, facing the widespread backlash against the liberal international economic order, pro-trade leaders have yet to respond adequately to the public's concern over the potential implications of trade on the environment. A review of European Union (EU) officials’ public communication on the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership shows that trade advocates narrowly focus on the economic benefits of trade in their trade-related communication while paying little attention to the environmental impacts of the trade deal. This ignores an important aspect of the public discontent with economic globalization. This article argues that the pro-trade camp's failure to engage the public in an inclusive and transparent debate about the environmental effects of trade presents a missed opportunity that has triggered widespread resistance to trade liberalization. By studying the communication channel, this essay highlights the important role of information and dialogue as a potential response to the current public backlash against economic globalization.
Effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on periosteal osteosarcoma: a systematic review
Authors: Tsukamoto Shinji , Righi Alberto , Kido Akira , Honoki Kanya , Tanaka Yuu , Fujii Hiromasa , Mavrogenis Andreas F , Tanaka Yasuhito , Errani Costantino 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background and Objective
The effects of adjuvant chemotherapy on periosteal osteosarcoma are controversial. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of studies comparing mortality, local recurrence, distant metastasis and secondary malignancy incidence among patients who underwent surgery and (neo-) adjuvant chemotherapy or surgery alone for periosteal osteosarcoma without distant metastases at diagnosis.

Methods
Of the 210 studies identified in the search, 13 were included in this study, involving 291 patients with periosteal osteosarcoma in total.

Results
The mortality rates in the surgery and (neo-) adjuvant chemotherapy and surgery alone groups were 11.3% (8/71) and 16.3% (16/98), respectively. The overall pooled odds ratio was 0.89 (P = 0.800). The local recurrence rate in the surgery and (neo-) adjuvant chemotherapy group was 12.1% (8/66), while that in the surgery alone group was 17.6% (13/74). The overall pooled odds ratio was 1.31 (P = 0.601). The distant metastasis rate in the surgery and (neo-) adjuvant chemotherapy group was 15.2% (10/66) and that in the surgery alone group was 10.8% (8/74). The overall pooled odds ratio was 1.51 (P = 0.444). The incidence of secondary malignancy in the surgery and (neo-) adjuvant chemotherapy group was 7.6% (9/118) and that in the surgery alone group was 2.7% (2/74). The overall pooled odds ratio was 2.29 (P = 0.187).

Conclusions
Adjuvant chemotherapy did not appear to improve the prognosis of patients with periosteal osteosarcoma. No association was found between the use of adjuvant chemotherapy and development of secondary malignancies.
The transcription factor StTINY3 enhances cold-induced sweetening resistance by coordinating starch resynthesis and sucrose hydrolysis in potato
Authors: Shi Weiling , Ma Qiuqin , Yin Wang , Liu Tiantian , Song Yuhao , Chen Yuanya , Song Linjin , Sun Hui , Hu Shuting , Liu Tengfei , Jiang Rui , Lv Dianqiu , Song Botao , Wang Jichun , Liu Xun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe accumulation of reducing sugars in cold-stored tubers, known as cold-induced sweetening (CIS), negatively affects potato processing quality. The starch to sugar interconversion pathways that are altered in cold-stored CIS tubers have been elucidated, but the mechanism that regulates them remains largely unknown. This study identified a CBF/DREB transcription factor (StTINY3) that enhances CIS resistance by both activating starch biosynthesis and repressing the hydrolysis of sucrose to reducing sugars in detached cold-stored tubers. Silencing StTINY3 in a CIS-resistant genotype decreased CIS resistance, while overexpressing StTINY3 in a CIS-sensitive genotype increased CIS resistance, and altering StTINY3 expression was associated with expression changes in starch resynthesis-related genes. We showed first that overexpressing StTINY3 inhibited sucrose hydrolysis by enhancing expression of the invertase inhibitor gene StInvInh2, and second that StTINY3 promoted starch resynthesis by up-regulating a large subunit of the ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase gene StAGPaseL3, and the glucose-6-phosphate transporter gene StG6PT2. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we revealed that StTINY3 is a nuclear-localized transcriptional activator that directly binds to the dehydration-responsive element/CRT cis-element in the promoters of StInvInh2 and StAGPaseL3. Taken together, these findings established that StTINY3 influences CIS resistance in cold-stored tubers by coordinately modulating the starch to sugar interconversion pathways and is a good target for improving potato processing quality.
“We Were Born from Beauty”: Dis/Inheriting Genealogies of Refugee and Queer Shame in Ocean Vuong’sOn Earth We’re Briefly Gorgeous
Authors: Cho Jennifer 
Published: April 2022

AbstractI examine how Ocean Vuong’s 2019 novel On Earth We’re Briefly Gorgeous reconceives intergenerational shame produced through processes of refugee and queer becoming and identification in the United States. I posit that the affective condition of shame is both a result of and intrinsic to the social formation of queer and refugee identities. I also trace how these identities that at times can exclude the Other also intersect in On Earth as a way of revealing and critiquing the parallel forms of heteropatriarchal violence enacted upon the queer/refugee subject. Through Vuong’s presentation of Little Dog’s queer Vietnamese identity, I consider how Little Dog must reconcile himself to the loyalties that bind him to his matrilineal family and Vietnam and also to American idealizations of white masculinity and heterosexuality. These tensions are animated through the shame resulting from Little Dog’s sexual encounters with his white American love interest, Trevor, and in Little Dog and his family’s social “failures” to integrate into the United States and become model minorities. The sustained incompatibility between the matrilineal past of Vietnam (and the metonymic war the country signifies) and the American present belonging to the white fathers who fill the text also shows the limits of the dominant narratives that situate the United States in benevolent relation to the powerless refugees it saved and rehomed. Although I focus on the paralyzing effects of shame that attend experiences of racial and sexual difference, I explore how Vuong reimagines shame as a generative site that not only creates new intimacies and grammars across bodies that have been deemed socially abject but also conjures a Vietnam outside the familiar US war narrative of rescue.
Reconciling the results of the z ∼ 2 MOSDEF and KBSS-MOSFIRE Surveys
Authors: Runco Jordan N , Reddy Naveen A , Shapley Alice E , Steidel Charles C , Sanders Ryan L , Strom Allison L , Coil Alison L , Kriek Mariska , Mobasher Bahram , Pettini Max , Rudie Gwen C , Siana Brian , Topping Michael W , Trainor Ryan F , Freeman William R , Shivaei Irene , Azadi Mojegan , Price Sedona H , Leung Gene C K , Fetherolf Tara , de Groot Laura , Zick Tom , Fornasini Francesca M , Barro Guillermo 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
The combination of the MOSDEF and KBSS-MOSFIRE surveys represents the largest joint investment of Keck/MOSFIRE time to date, with ∼3000 galaxies at 1.4 ≲ z ≲ 3.8, roughly half of which are at z ∼ 2. MOSDEF is photometric- and spectroscopic-redshift selected with a rest-optical magnitude limit, while KBSS-MOSFIRE is primarily selected based on rest-UV colours and a rest-UV magnitude limit. Analysing both surveys in a uniform manner with consistent spectral-energy-distribution (SED) models, we find that the MOSDEF z ∼ 2 targeted sample has higher median M* and redder rest U−V colour than the KBSS-MOSFIRE z ∼ 2 targeted sample, and smaller median SED-based SFR and sSFR (SFR(SED) and sSFR(SED)). Specifically, MOSDEF targeted a larger population of red galaxies with U−V and V−J ≥1.25, while KBSS-MOSFIRE contains more young galaxies with intense star formation. Despite these differences in the z ∼ 2 targeted samples, the subsets of the surveys with multiple emission lines detected and analysed in previous work are much more similar. All median host-galaxy properties with the exception of stellar population age – i.e. M*, SFR(SED), sSFR(SED), AV, and UVJ colours – agree within the uncertainties. Additionally, when uniform emission-line fitting and stellar Balmer absorption correction techniques are applied, there is no significant offset between both samples in the [O iii]λ5008/H β versus [N ii]λ6585/H α diagnostic diagram, in contrast to previously reported discrepancies. We can now combine the MOSDEF and KBSS-MOSFIRE surveys to form the largest z ∼ 2 sample with moderate-resolution rest-optical spectra and construct the fundamental scaling relations of star-forming galaxies during this important epoch.
Long-term rotational and emission variability of 17 radio pulsars
Authors: Shaw B , Stappers B W , Weltevrede P , Brook P R , Karastergiou A , Jordan C A , Keith M J , Kramer M , Lyne A G 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
With the ever-increasing sensitivity and timing baselines of modern radio telescopes, a growing number of pulsars are being shown to exhibit transitions in their rotational and radio emission properties. In many of these cases, the two are correlated with pulsars assuming a unique spin-down rate ($\dot{\nu }$) for each of their specific emission states. In this work, we revisit 17 radio pulsars previously shown to exhibit spin-down rate variations. Using a Gaussian process regression (GPR) method to model the timing residuals and the evolution of the profile shape, we confirm the transitions already observed and reveal new transitions in 8 yr of extended monitoring with greater time resolution and enhanced observing bandwidth. We confirm that seven of these sources show emission-correlated $\dot{\nu }$ transitions ($\Delta \dot{\nu }$), and we characterize this correlation for one additional pulsar, PSR B1642−03. We demonstrate that GPR is able to reveal extremely subtle profile variations given sufficient data quality. We also corroborate the dependence of $\Delta \dot{\nu }$ amplitude on $\dot{\nu }$ and pulsar characteristic age. Linking $\Delta \dot{\nu }$ to changes in the global magnetospheric charge density Δρ, we speculate that $\dot{\nu }$ transitions associated with large Δρ values may be exhibiting detectable profile changes with improved data quality, in cases where they have not previously been observed.
The magnetic fields of β Coronae Borealis and the early F-star σ Bootis
Authors: Seach J M , Marsden S C , Carter B D , Neiner C , Folsom C P 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTThe study of magnetism in stars close to the transition from fossil to dynamo magnetic fields is important for understanding the nature of the stellar dynamo and dynamics of the outer atmosphere. We present surface magnetic maps for two stars that are located on opposite sides of the suspected transition zone: the chemically peculiar late A-star β Coronae Borealis (A9SrEuCr) and the early F-star σ Bootis (F3V). The large-scale magnetic field reconstructed at six epochs for β Coronae Borealis shows a complex fossil magnetic field, which is highly poloidal, and contains almost half the magnetic energy in higher multipoles (ℓ &gt; 1). In contrast, the single epoch magnetic map for σ Bootis contains a simple surface magnetic topology that is mostly poloidal, and predominantly dipolar, and is consistent with observations of other mature late F-stars.
Wavelet analysis of MAXI J1535–571 with Insight-HXMT
Authors: Chen X , Wang W , You B , Tian P F , Liu Q , Zhang P , Ding Y Z , Qu J L , Zhang S N , Song L M , Lu F J , Zhang S 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
In this paper, wavelet analysis is used to study the spectral-timing properties of MAXI J1535–571 observed by the Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (Insight-HXMT). Low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) are detected in nine observations. Based on wavelet analysis, the time intervals with QPOs and non-QPOs are isolated, and the corresponding spectra with QPOs and non-QPOs are analysed. We find that the spectra with QPOs (hereafter QPO spectra) are softer than those without QPOs (hereafter non-QPO spectra) in the hard intermediate state (HIMS), while in the soft intermediate state (SIMS), the QPO spectra are slightly harder. The disc temperature of the QPO regime is slightly lower during the HIMS, but becomes higher during the SIMS. The cutoff energies of QPO spectra and non-QPO spectra do not show significant differences. The flux ratio of the disc to total flux is higher for the time intervals with non-QPOs than that in the QPO regime. We propose that these differences in the spectral properties between QPO and non-QPO regimes could be explained through the scenario of Lense–Thirring precession, and the reversal of the QPO/non-QPO behaviour between the HIMS and SIMS may be associated with the appearance/disappearance of a type-B QPO, which might originate in the precession of the jet.
Prediction of Antibiotic Resistance Evolution by Growth Measurement of All Proximal Mutants of Beta-Lactamase
Authors: Feng Siyuan , Wu Zhuoxing , Liang Wanfei , Zhang Xin , Cai Xiujuan , Li Jiachen , Liang Lujie , Lin Daixi , Stoesser Nicole , Doi Yohei , Zhong Lan-lan , Liu Yan , Xia Yong , Dai Min , Zhang Liyan , Chen Xiaoshu , Yang Jian-Rong , Tian Guo-bao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The antibiotic resistance crisis continues to threaten human health. Better predictions of the evolution of antibiotic resistance genes could contribute to the design of more sustainable treatment strategies. However, comprehensive prediction of antibiotic resistance gene evolution via laboratory approaches remains challenging. By combining site-specific integration and high-throughput sequencing, we quantified relative growth under the respective selection of cefotaxime or ceftazidime selection in ∼23,000 Escherichia coli MG1655 strains that each carried a unique, single-copy variant of the extended-spectrum β-lactamase gene blaCTX-M-14 at the chromosomal att HK022 site. Significant synergistic pleiotropy was observed within four subgenic regions, suggesting key regions for the evolution of resistance to both antibiotics. Moreover, we propose PEARP and PEARR, two deep-learning models with strong clinical correlations, for the prospective and retrospective prediction of blaCTX-M-14 evolution, respectively. Single to quintuple mutations of blaCTX-M-14 predicted to confer resistance by PEARP were significantly enriched among the clinical isolates harboring blaCTX-M-14 variants, and the PEARR scores matched the minimal inhibitory concentrations obtained for the 31 intermediates in all hypothetical trajectories. Altogether, we conclude that the measurement of local fitness landscape enables prediction of the evolutionary trajectories of antibiotic resistance genes, which could be useful for a broad range of clinical applications, from resistance prediction to designing novel treatment strategies.
Alport syndrome and autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease frequently underlie end-stage renal disease of unknown origin—a single-center analysis
Authors: Leenen Esther , Erger Florian , Altmüller Janine , Wenzel Andrea , Thiele Holger , Harth Ana , Tschernoster Nikolai , Lokhande Shanti , Joerres Achim , Becker Jan-Ulrich , Ekici Arif , Huettel Bruno , Beck Bodo , Weidemann Alexander 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
The prevalence of end-stage renal disease of unknown etiology in adult patients is globally high and accounts for almost 20% of all dialysis patients. Recent studies have suggested that the percentage of adult patients with a causal genetic variant has been underestimated so far. Despite severe prognostic and therapeutic implications, awareness about prevalence and manifestations of genetic kidney diseases in adult renal patients is still limited.

Methods
We recruited 58 individuals from 39 families at our transplantation center, fulfilling at least one of the following criteria: (i) unclear etiology of kidney disease, (ii) clinically suspected genetic kidney disease and (iii) positive family history for nephropathies. The cohort consisted of patients waitlisted for kidney transplantation and patients in the follow-up after transplantation. Detailed documentation of family history and phenotype was obtained before initiating gene panel sequencing of 479 nephropathy-associated genes.

Results
With this study design, a molecular genetic diagnosis was established in one-third of all patients. Mutations in the collagen COL4A genes, and mutations in MUC1 and UMOD were the most frequent among all detected causal variants. Overall, rare genetic variants were detected in more than half of all cases.

Conclusion
The combination of detailed phenotyping prior to next-generation sequencing diagnostics was highly efficient. Elucidating the underlying genetic causes in a cohort of adult renal patients has considerable clinical impact on medical management.
Anatomic–Topographic Investigation of the Branches of the Dorsal Ramus of Thoracic Spinal Nerves
Authors: Koutp Amir , Sadoghi Patrick , Petritsch Johanna , Skias Christoph , Grechenig Peter , Andrianakis Alexandros , Feigl Georg C 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Percutaneous radiofrequency facet denervation (PRFD) by thermocoagulation is a useful treatment for nonspecific thoracic pain syndrome. To guarantee that maximal thermal lesion is applied to the nerve, it is essential to have precise knowledge of the topography of the thoracic dorsal branches of the spinal nerves. This special anatomy was investigated, and the results were compared with the existing technique for PRFD, where the active needle tip is placed in the junction of the superior articular process and the transverse process.

Methods
Twenty thoracic spines of cadavers (10 females and 10 males) embalmed according to Thiel’s method were bilaterally dissected. After careful removal of skin and subcutaneous fat tissue, the lateral and medial branches were traced centrally. In addition, the articular branch to the thoracic facet joint was traced peripherally. The distance of the medial branch to the inferior articular process at the level of the nerve passing the superior costotransverse ligament was measured.

Results
The dorsal branch bifurcates into lateral and medial branches medial to the superior costotransverse ligament. The medial branch runs laterally first to pass in between two parts of the intertransverse ligament running dorsally and to turn medially superficial to this ligament. The zygapophysial branch always originated from the medial branch passing the inferior articular process laterally by running caudally to turn medially and send branches to the capsule of the zygapophyseal joint. The distance of the medial branch lateral to the inferior articular process was constantly 3 mm.

Conclusions
The current technique of PRFD at the thoracic spine targets the medial branch distal to the separation of the articular branch, rendering the lesion ineffective at denervating the zygapophyseal joint. For selective thermocoagulation of the articular branches of the thoracic zygapophyseal joint, a new technique should be developed. We propose an anatomically informed needle position that can now be confirmed clinically.
Agency Conflicts and Investment: Evidence from a Structural Estimation
Authors: Elkamhi Redouane , Kim Daniel , Jo Chanik , Salerno Marco 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We develop a dynamic capital structure model to study how agency conflicts between managers and shareholders affect the joint determination of financing and investment decisions. We show that there are two agency conflicts with opposing effects on a manager’s choice of investment: first, the consumption of private benefits channel leads managers not only to choose a lower optimal leverage, but also to underinvest, and second, compensation linked to firm size may lead managers to overinvest. We fit the model to the data and show that the average firm slightly overinvests, younger CEOs invest more than older ones, while CEOs with longer tenure overinvest more than CEOs with shorter tenure. (JEL G12, G31, G32)