bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sekolah Orang Tua pada Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Afif Nur , Rohman Baeti , Hikmah Nurul 
Published: November 2022

Anak usia dini merupakan fase yang unik dan disebut juga dengan fase Pra tamyiz. Utuk itu, maka pendidikan anak usia dini merupakan upaya membantu anak mengoptimalkan potensi dirinya untuk menghantarkannya masuk ke fase tamyiz, fase dimana anak dapat membedakan baik dan buruk aturan Tuha. Orang tua merupakan pendidik dan pengasuh pertama dan utama dalam proses perkembangan anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan sekolah orang tua yang diselenggarakan oleh RA Bait Qur’any. Program yang bertujuan meningkatkan kualitas pengasuhan orang tua dengan meningkatkan kualitas pemahaman nya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif guna memperoleh informasi berkaitan denganpenelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Data yang sudah terkumpul dianalisis dengan langkah reduksi data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpulan dan verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Sekolah orang tua di RA Bait Qur’any merupakan bentuk kerja sama antara sekolah dan orang tua dengan type parenting, communicating dan Keterlibatan (Parent Involepment). Pada sekolah orang tua ada 2 bentuk program yait program kajian mingguan dan madrasah walidain. Sekolah orang tua di RA Bait Qur’any memberikan informasi tentang psikologi perkembangan anak dalam Islam, stimulant perkembangan anak berbasis al-Qur’an dan sunnah, pemahaman tentang metoda menghafal anak usia dini, dan metoda belajar, menghafal al-Qur’an dan mentarjamahkan Al-Qur’an. Selain itu juga sekolah orang tua tidak hanya menyelenggarakan parenting Al-Qur’an akan tetapi komunikasi dan diskusi timbal balik tentang perkembangan anak antara orang tua dan guru, melibat orang tua dalam kegiatan baik sebagai penyelenggara acara, mengadaan konsumsi, pembawa acara, dan pengisi acara berupa penampilan orang tua dan anak serta bazar sekolah.
The Principal's Leadership Style and the Teacher Performance
Authors: Sutarjo Sutarjo , Kristiawan Muhammad , Sasongko Rambat Nur 
Published: November 2022

The principal's leadership style as a leader will impact the effectiveness of enhancing teacher performance under his guidance. The goal of this study was to collect information on (1) the principal's leadership style, (2) the execution of the principal's leadership style, and (3) the restrictions that the principal faces in enhancing teacher performance in schools. Data collecting approaches were carried out using a qualitative approach with descriptive methodologies, including interviews, observations, and documentation. This study demonstrates that (1) the principal employs a situational leadership style in influencing his subordinates by viewing and comprehending each of his subordinates' backgrounds while creating policies. (2) Use of the principal's leadership style to influence teacher performance, namely instructional, consultative, participative, and delegative leadership. (3) The difficulties that school principals encounter include the limited competence of instructors to use "computer" technology, the lack of flexibility in the selection of learning techniques used by the teacher, and the diverse backgrounds of the subordinates.
Perspectives, challenges and directions for future research into the water-energy-food (WEF) nexus
Authors: Susnik Janez , Staddon Chad 
Published: November 2022

In 2018, Albrecht et al. published a review of water-energy-food (WEF) nexus literature, coming to five main criticisms in nexus research. The five central conclusions of that review together with a consideration of on-going projects and recent nexus research insights form the basis for this critical review. The current state of nexus research, and in particular modelling research, is examined and updated to reflect recent advances and correct misperceptions, and put them in the context of larger epistemological issues. The main conclusions are:
1)	The considerable and growing diversity in nexus studies precludes a one-size-fits-all approach. Indeed, it has never been an objective to develop a ‘grand unified nexus theory or model’;
2)	A lack of ‘fundamental equations’ between many nexus parameters hinders full quantification of nexus linkages, though data-driven, stochastic and agent-based approaches offer avenues for development;
3)	The use of qualitative and social science methods in nexus studies is rapidly gaining traction, especially when blended with quantitative modelling outcomes;
4)	Progress has been made in attempting to break disciplinary siloes, especially when considering integrated assessment models and system dynamics models.
" مظاهر النهضة الحديثة في العراق في العهد العثماني المتأخر "
Authors: عبد الستار حاجم أسيل 
Published: November 2022

دخلت حركة الإصلاحات العثمانية العراق مع تولي مدحت باشا ولاية بغداد (1869 -1872) وكان لذلك اثر كبير في احداث تغيير جذري للمجتمع العراقي ، بدء من اجراء إصلاحات إدارية عززت من نظام الحكم المركزي وسعت الى التقليل من مظاهر الفوضى داخل المجتمع وصولا الى تكوين الوعي السياسي الجمعي والنخبوي للمجتمع العراقي ، منذ النصف الثاني للقرن التاسع عشر حتى مطلع القرن لعشرين. من هنا جاءت فكرة موضوع البحث للاستفادة التاريخية وتحقيق مقاربة معاصرة .
أشتمل البحث على مقدمة وثلاثة مباحث وخاتمة تضمنت اهم الاستنتاجات التي توصل اليها البحث في نهاية دراسته . ركز المبحث الأول على دراسة عوامل ادارية ارتبطت بحركة التنظيمات العثمانية واثرها في دعم مركزية الدولة ، ودرس المبحث الثاني انتشار التعليم واثره الاصلاحي، اما المبحث الثالث فقد اختص في دراسة عوامل تكوين الوعي السياسي العراقي بين نشوء النخبة السياسية العراقية ومفهوم الدولة
العلاقات العراقية – السورية 2009 – 2012
Authors: مالك عبد الكريم لمياء 
Published: November 2022

أثارت العلاقات العراقية- السورية، عبر تاريخها الطويل العديد من المواقف المتباينة حتى قبيل تأسيسهما كدولتين جارتين مستقلتين في الفترة ما بين الحرب العالميتين، إذ اعتبرت العلاقات بينهما الكثير من التوتر والاتهامات المتبادلة بان الطرف المقابل يعمل على زعزعة الامن في الطرف الاخر بشتى الطرق والوسائل، لاسيما في الاعوام الاخيرة، فقد اتهم العراق الجانب السوري في عام 2009 بإيواء المعارضين والانتحاريين الذين قاموا بالعديد من التفجيرات في مختلف انحاء العراق، والتي خلفت اعداد كبيرة من الضحايا الابرياء ، بالرغم من كل ما تقدم، تحسنت العلاقات بين البلدين في عام 2010 وصاعدا، والتي كان من مظاهرها المهمة الزيارات المتبادلة لمسؤولين في الدولتين بصورة دورية، فضلا عن مساندة العراق للجانب السوري مع بدايات الازمة العاصفة التي اجتاحت سوريا في عام 2011، والمتمثلة بالاحتجاجات والاضطرابات الواسعة في معظم المحافظات، حتى ان العراق مد يد التعاون للحكومة السورية على مختلف الصعد، وكان موقفا منفردا لا يشبه مواقف الدول العربية الاخرى.
التفكير الشمولي وعلاقته بالمرونة العاطفية لدى طلبة الجامعة
Authors: موسى جعفر زهرة , طالب علوان سالي , حسين كاظم لبنى 
Published: November 2022

ان تقدم الامم والشعوب في الوقت الحاضر لا يعتمد فقط على ما لديهم من امكانيات مادية ولكن يعتمد ايضا على ما لديهم من امكانيات بشرية تتمثل بالأفراد والمفكرين المبدعين الذين يملكون المرونة العاطفية والقدرة على مواجهة المشكلات والعمل على حلها في جميع ميادين الحياة وهذا لا يأتي الا من خلال التفكير والمرونة في التغلب على حل المشكلات التي أصبحت أحد الملامح الرئيسة في مختلف المجالات السياسية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية والتربوية .اذ يرى اغلب علماء النفس التربويين ان نمط التفكير الشمولي أحد أهم انواع التفكير الذي يتميز بقابليته للانتقال الواسع الشامل , ويساعد على انتقاء افضل الحلول واصوبها في حل المشكلات بصورة منطقية اذ يؤدي التفكير الشمولي دوراً بارزاً ومؤثراً لدى الفرد في اداء التكيفات والفعاليات التي لا يمكن من دونه اداؤها على نحو فعال ان زيادة الاهتمام بالتفكير الشمولي والمرونة العاطفية لدى المتعلمين يزيد من دافعيتهم ويدربهم على حل مشكلاتهم وتدبر امور حياتهم ويدفعهم لمسايرة التطور التكنولوجي ، ومن هنا يمكن تحديد مشكلة البحث الحالي بالإجابة عن السؤال الآتي: ماهي طبيعة العلاقة بين التفكير الشمولي والمرونة العاطفية ؟
التكامل الثقافي في اختبارات اللغة الانكليزية للمرحلة الاعدادية في العراق
Authors: علي عبدالرضا عبيد  
Published: November 2022

يحظى التكامل الثقافي بأهمية بالغة في بحوث تعلم وتعليم اللغة الانكليزية . بما ان الاختبارات التي هي ادوات للتقويم تعد جزءا جوهريا في تعليم اللغة الانكليزية فأنها ايضا معرضة للتحليل في جانب التكامل الثقافي . حيث تقوم وزارة التربية في العراق بأجراء اختبارين مركزيين (بكلوريا) للصفوف المتوسطة والاعدادية ، وعلى حد علم الباحث فأن التكامل الثقافي في هذه الاختبارات لم يدرس الا نادرا. يهدف هذا البحث الى كشف التحيز(الانحياز) الثقافي في هذه الاختبارات من خلال اكتشاف نوع الثقافة السائدة في عينة من اسئلة السادس الاعدادي في العراق . طريقة البحث هي طريقة نوعية لتحليل محتوى الاسئلة الامتحانية مبني على تحديد كمي لتكرار انواع الثقافات التي يتم تمثيلها في الاختبارات حيث تم اتباع تحليل المحتوى الاستنتاجي. أما تكرار تمثيل الثقافات فتم على اساس نموذج Aliakbari’s (2004) والذي يقسم الثقافة الى اربعة انواع ثقافة المصدر (المحلية) وثقافة الهدف والثقافة العالمية والثقافة المحايدة . واظهرت النتائج عدم توازن الثقافات وان ثقافة المصدر او المحلية تسود بشكل كبير مما يشير الى ان هناك تحيزا واضحا لهذه الثقافة. تأتي اهمية الدراسة كونها من الدراسات التقويمية في تعليم اللغة الانكليزية في العراق حيث ان التقويم هو عملية ضرورية ومستمرة في حقل تعليم اللغة الانكليزية ، كما وتزود الدراسة مصممي الاختبارات بتوصيات تتعلق بالتكامل الثقافي في اختبارات اللغة.
“Det är övergripande, en tolkning, kring vad jag tycker den ska innehålla”: En intervjustudie rörande undervisningen om läroplanens område kring sexualitet, samtycke och relationer för de lägre årskurserna, F-3
Authors: Rudolf Emelie , Lind Annika 
Published: November 2022

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur sex stycken tillfrågade lärare för grundskolans lägre årskurser F-3 upplever sin undervisning kring läroplanens område sexualitet, samtycke och relationer. Studien utgår från Sandra Hardings genusteori samt Judith Butlers begrepp kring performativitet. Studien är tänkt att synliggöra hur lärare i de lägre årskurserna undervisar kring läroplanens område sexualitet, samtycke och relationer samt att lyfta hur undervisningen balanseras mellan kön och normer. Resultatet av studien visar att det upplevs finnas svårigheter kring framför allt ämnet sexualitet i läroplanens område sexualitet, samtycke och relationer där det framkommer en osäkerhet kring vad undervisningen förväntas innehålla samt den egna lärarens svårighet att veta hur ämnet ska anpassas till grundskolans lägre åldrar. Inte heller sexuella övergrepp och grooming lyfts av fler än två av de sex tillfrågade lärarna, något som inte svarar mot det eventuella behovet av sådan undervisningen med tanke på att forskning visar hur vanligt det är med sexuella övergrepp hos barn.Studiens resultat visar också på att lärarna har ett väletablerat normkritiskt förhållningssätt där de aktivt reflekterar över sina egna normer och språkbruk för att inte förstärka normer i sin undervisning. I och med detta aktiva normkritiska förhållningssätt påvisade studien knappa svårigheter kring balansen mellan kön och normer i undervisningen inom området sexualitet, samtycke och relationer. Normerna kring genus uppfattades av de tillfrågade lärarna skapas utanför skolverksamheten. Eleverna upplevdes av lärarna att vara medvetna om normer hörande till de olika könen, vilket styrks av tidigare forskning där kulturella definitioner av manligt och kvinnligt påverkar barn även i yngre ålder. Resultatet av studien förklaras utifrån Hardings genusteori där lärarnas individuella normer kring genus, som är en produkt av hur de strukturella och symboliska normerna i samhället ser ut, kan ha en inverkan på hur de tolkar innehållet i läroplanens område sexualitet, samtycke och relationer. Det tolkas även utifrån Butlers begrepp om performativitet, att våra handlingar och ord skapar normer, där lärarna riskerar att påverka undervisningen i och med att undervisningen eventuellt kan föra vidare beteenden och normer som är påverkade av den individuella tolkningen av området.
Radiographic Assessment of Occurrence of Pulp Stones in Molars of Selected Adult Nepalese Populations at Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Acharya N. , Chakradhar A. , Kafle D. 
Published: November 2022

Background Pulp stones or “denticles” are a frequent finding in coronal and radicular pulp of primary and permanent dentition. These discrete calcified bodies can be seen in a healthy, diseased and sometimes even in an unerupted tooth. These calcifications are mostly present in molars as free, attached or embedded to dentine of pulp chamber or root canals.
Objective To determine the occurrence of pulp stones in molars of selected adult Nepalese population using radiographs and assess the association of its occurrence gender and arch wise.
Method A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed using orthopantomogram of total 380 patients (190 male and 190 females) of age group ranging from 16-30 years by convenience sampling. Data were collected through the examination of both hard and soft copies of radiographs under magnification. Pulp stones were scored as present or absent and their association with gender and dental arch were recorded. Descriptive statistics and chi square test was performed to see the prevalence and to compare the occurrence of pulp stone respectively.
Result Out of 380 radiographic samples, pulp stones were present in 41.05% of the samples. The occurrence of pulp stones were found to be higher in females than in males, although the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.060).The total number of teeth with pulp stones was 238 and 61 in maxillary and mandibular arches respectively, with statistically significant difference (p<0.001).
Conclusion The overall occurrence of pulp stone was found to be 41.05%. It was observed more in females (45.78%) than in males (37%) and more frequently located in maxillary molars (29.2%) than in mandibular molars (8.2%).
Effects of Momordica Charantia (Karela/bitterguord) in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Taking Allopathic Drugs: A pilot study
Authors: Rauniyar G. P. , Sinha R. , Chapagain K. , Maskey R. , Pandey D. R. 
Published: November 2022

Background Momordica charantia is evolving as supplementary therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Animal studies reveal its anti-diabetic and lipid lowering property. However, clinical studies with human subjects are very few.
Objective To find out the effects of Momordica charantia supplements on glycemic and lipid profile among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients taking allopathic drugs.
Method A comparative study was conducted in internal medicine department of B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan from July 2015 to May 2016 after ethical clearance. Twenty two uncomplicated type-2 diabetes mellitus patients were enrolled. Group A patients were supplemented with allopathic drug (oral anti-diabetic agents) only and Group B with add on treatment of 200 ml juice of Momordica charantia along with allopathic drug daily for ninety days. Fasting, post prandial blood sugar and lipid profile levels were compared between baseline and ninety days post supplementation. Data was collected and entry was done in Statistical Packages for Social Services version 20.0, using independent t test with p < 0.05.
Result Add on treatment with 200 ml of Momordica charantia along with anti-diabetic drug daily significantly reduced fasting (p= < 0.0001) and post prandial blood sugar (p=< 0.0001). Treatment with anti-diabetic drugs only reduced fasting (p = 0.0008) and post-prandial blood sugar but the reduction was not significant ((p =0.0001). There was improvement in lipid profile by both anti-diabetic drugs alone and Momordica charantia along with anti-diabetic drug, but it was not significant.
Conclusion Add on treatment with 200 ml/day juice of Momordica charantia is effective in glycaemic control in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients as compared to the allopathic treatment alone.
Clinical profile of Thrombocytopenia in Acute Febrile Illnesses; a hospital-based study
Authors: Dhunputh P. , Acharya R. , Umakanth S. , Shetty S. M. , Mohammed A. P. , Saraswat P. P. 
Published: November 2022

Background Thrombocytopenia is a common haematological abnormality noted in clinical practice, however, it can be missed in cases where specific investigations are not asked for. Acute Febrile Illness with thrombocytopenia is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, as thrombocytopenia has an inverse relation to mortality and morbidity in various febrile illnesses. Vector-borne and zoonotic diseases (like malaria, dengue, scrub typhus, and leptospirosis), infections and sepsis are some of the common causes of fever with thrombocytopenia.
Objective To identify the causes of fever with thrombocytopenia, assess the clinical complications associated with febrile thrombocytopenia, and overall study the clinical profile of thrombocytopenia in a tertiary care hospital.
Method Medical records of all adult patients, admitted to a tertiary level hospital, with fever and thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 1,00,000 /mm3) were assessed (from October 2009 to March 2011). Detailed case history, general physical examination findings, routine and specific examinations were recorded according to a pre-decided format. Data were analysed using SPSS 16.0
Result Acute febrile illness with thrombocytopenia was most commonly seen in Dengue patients. Headache and arthralgia were more commonly encountered in scrub typhus. Platelet transfusions were necessitated in a large number of patients, especially in scrub typhus. Malaria patients had the highest mortality rate.
Conclusion Acute Febrile Illnesses (AFI) are of varied origins, and proper diagnosis is imperative. The degree of thrombocytopenia in infections has a prognostic value. It can also help in differential diagnosis and clear identification of aetiology of acute febrile illnesses. Timely identification and management of thrombocytopenia in acute febrile illness can positively impact the overall patient outcome.
Control of Dietary Salt Intake at Family Level by Housewives in Tripura, India: A Rural - Urban Comparison
Authors: Karmakar N. , Datta A. , Nag K. 
Published: November 2022

Background Intake of excess salt can lead to high blood pressure a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The behaviour risk factors for hypertension including high salt consumption, alcohol and tobacco use and physical inactivity; among them, salt intake reduction is one of the most cost-effective ways to control hypertension and CVD.
Objective To find out the practice of salt intake control among rural and urban women of Tripura.
Method This community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 housewives from rural and urban areas of Tripura, India for a period of ten months (June 2017-March 2018). A pre-tested, semi-structured interview schedule was used to collect required information regarding their socio-demographic, behavioural characteristics, family history and practice of salt intake control etc. The collected data was entered in SPSS version 16.0, represented in proportions and p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Result In present study, less than half of the participants (46% rural vs 41.5% urban) from both areas have good practice on control of salt intake. The mean control scores of rural and urban housewives were 9.7200±1.63246 and 9.4750±1.68927 respectively. Rural housewives had more control of extra salt intake in comparison to urban housewives but difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Majority Hindu housewives in rural areas had good control of salt intake than urban housewives (p<0.05).
Conclusion The current study found less than half of the participants both in rural and urban areas have good control of dietary salt intake. This finding may provide an idea for development of intervention strategies aiming at increasing salt control-related awareness.
Study of Clinical Profiles, Risk Factors and Coronary Angiographic Patterns in Female Patients Presenting with Anginal Chest Pain in a Tertiary Care Centre of Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Suman , Gajurel Ratna Mani , Poudel Chandra Mani , Shrestha Hemant , Thapa Sanjeev , Devkota Surya , Manandhar Bhawani , Khanal Rajaram , Shakya Smriti , Yadav Vijay , Sharma Manju , Sahi Ravi , Thapa Jeevan 
Published: November 2022

Background and Aims: Coronary artery disease is one of the important causes of deaths in females in many countries. Females with chest pain are more likely to be treated in a different way as compared to males at the time of presentation. Worldwide, there has been a considerable rise in the number of females who are undergoing coronary angiography recently.
Methods: This study was a single-centre, prospective, observational study conducted in the department of cardiology, MCVTC, Tribhuvan University, Nepal. The study period was from 5th July 2020 to 4th July 2021.155 female patients with anginal chest pain were enrolled. Data were collected after thorough history taking, physical examination, laboratory investigations, and coronary angiography. They were further divided into three age groups:<50 years,50-65 years and >65 years. Subsequently statistical analysis was done using latest version of SPSS.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 59.64 years (SD=11.428). There were 119 (76.77%) postmenopausal patients. The most prevalent risk factor of IHD was HTN (43.87% ). Obesity/overweight was most common (58.62%) in those with age <50 years. DM was most common (26.32%) in age group 50-65 years. HTN was the most prevalent (52.63%) in age group 50-65 years. The maximum proportion of dyslipidemic patients (34.21%) were found in age group 50-65 years. 52.25% patients presented with acute coronary syndrome. 33.55% patients had normal coronary arteries. 11.61% patients had nonobstructive coronary artery disease.
Obstructive coronary artery disease was found in 51.61% patients. IN patients with obstructive CAD, LAD was the most commonly involved vessel followed by RCA .
Conclusion: Findings from our study shows higher prevalence of risk factors for IHD in Nepalese females. This study also demonstrates that as females get older and become postmenopausal, the number of risk factors for CAD increases. Understanding the risk factors for CAD and angiographic patterns in females could be helpful in implementing optimal treatment strategies in females with angina.
Correlation between Left main artery diameter derived by Finet’s Law and direct angiographic quantitative coronary dimension analysis
Authors: Shaha Kunal Bikram , Adhikari Ashok , Safi Sajjad , Shakya Avisesh , Shrestha Sanjaya Kumar 
Published: November 2022

Background and Aims: In the era of left main angioplasty, the aim of this study is to evaluate the applicability of Finet’s law in left main diameter calculation and establish this as a useful feasible alternative tool to intravascular ultrasound in the left main intervention.
Methods: A total of 164 patients who underwent coronary angiography at PAHS due to suspicion of coronary artery disease between 1st January 2017 and April 2020 were included. The left main diameter(do-QCA) was calculated using the Quantitative coronary angiographic (QCA) method and correlated with the Left main diameter (do-finets) derived from Finet’s law which takes into account the diameter (d1) of the proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD) and left circumflex (LCX) diameter (d2) derived from QCA, added together and multiplied by the factor of 0.678 i.e do-finets=0.678(d1+d2).
Results: Using the Bivariate Pearson correlation method, do-QCA was found to have a positive correlation with do-finets with a correlation coefficient of (r=0.721) significant at the level of P value 0.01 (2-tailed).
Conclusion: The application of Finet’s Law using the QCA method has been found to be a handy feasible alternative tool to intravascular ultrasound in calculating the left main diameter for the left main intervention where intravascular ultrasound is not available or economic constraint prevails.