bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PTCH1-null induced pluripotent stem cells exclusively differentiate into immature ectodermal cells with large areas of medulloblastoma-like tissue
Authors: Nagao Kazuaki , Kato Chise , Ikemoto Yu , Motojima Toshino , Fujii Katsunori , Umezawa Akihiro , Miyashita Toshiyuki 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) is an autosomal dominant disorder with an increased incidence of tumors, such as basal cell carcinomas and medulloblastomas. The PTCH1 gene, responsible for NBCCS, suppresses the hedgehog signaling pathway, which is recognized as one of the important pathways in tumorigenesis and, thus, is a therapeutic target in cancer. In the present study, we generated PTCH1−/− induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from NBCCS patient-derived iPSCs (PTCH1+/−) by gene editing. The proliferation of PTCH1−/− iPSCs was accelerated due to the activation of the hedgehog signaling pathway. When PTCH1−/− iPSCs were subcutaneously injected into immunodeficient mice, the resulting teratomas almost exclusively contained immature ectodermal lineage cells expressing medulloblastoma markers, and the percentages of the area occupied by medulloblastoma-like tissue were larger in PTCH1−/− teratomas than in PTCH1+/− teratomas. In contrast, in PTCH1+/+ teratomas, medulloblastoma-like tissue positive for all of these medulloblastoma markers was not observed. The present results indicate the importance of PTCH1 in medulloblastoma formation and the suitability of these gene-edited iPSCs and PTCH1−/− teratomas as models for the formation of tumors, such as medulloblastomas and Hh-related tumors.
High light quantity suppresses locomotion in symbiotic Aiptasia
Authors: Strumpen Nils F. , Rädecker Nils , Pogoreutz Claudia , Meibom Anders , Voolstra Christian R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMany cnidarians engage in endosymbioses with microalgae of the family Symbiodiniaceae. In this association, the fitness of the cnidarian host is closely linked to the photosynthetic performance of its microalgal symbionts. Phototaxis may enable semi-sessile cnidarians to optimize the light regime for their microalgal symbionts. Indeed, phototaxis and phototropism have been reported in the photosymbiotic sea anemone Aiptasia. However, the influence of light quantity on the locomotive behavior of Aiptasia remains unknown. Here we show that light quantity and the presence of microalgal symbionts modulate the phototactic behavior in Aiptasia. Although photosymbiotic Aiptasia were observed to move in seemingly random directions along an experimental light gradient, their probability of locomotion depended on light quantity. As photosymbiotic animals were highly mobile in low light but almost immobile at high light quantities, photosymbiotic Aiptasia at low light quantities exhibited an effective net movement towards light levels sufficient for positive net photosynthesis. In contrast, aposymbiotic Aiptasia exhibited greater mobility than their photosymbiotic counterparts, regardless of light quantity. Our results suggest that photosynthetic activity of the microalgal symbionts suppresses locomotion in Aiptasia, likely by supporting a positive energy balance in the host. We propose that motile photosymbiotic organisms can develop phototactic behavior as a consequence of starvation linked to symbiotic nutrient cycling.
Exaptation in the Co-evolution of Technology and Mind: New Perspectives from Some Old Literature
Authors: Schlaudt Oliver 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe term exaptation, describing the phenomenon that an existing trait or tool proves to be of new adaptive value in a new context, is flourishing in recent literature from cultural evolution and cognitive archaeology. Yet there also exists an older literature from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries which studied more or less systematically the phenomenon of “change of function” in culture and tool use. Michel Foucault and Ludwig Noiré, who devoted themselves to the history of social institutions and material tools, respectively, occupy an important place among them. This article offers a brief overview of this literature and attempts to show that it provided ideas that remain relevant to current approaches to cognitive archaeology, in particular regarding attempts to understand the impact of technological evolution on the human mind.
Habitat characteristics around dens in female brown bears with cubs are density dependent
Authors: Uzal A. , Martinez-Artero J. , Ordiz A. , Zarzo-Arias A. , Penteriani V. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The mechanisms determining habitat use in animal populations have important implications for population dynamics, conservation, and management. Here, we investigated how an increase in annual numbers of brown bear females with cubs of the year (FCOY) in a growing, yet threatened population, could explain differences in the habitat characteristics around reproductive dens. Habitat characteristics around FCOY dens were compared between a low bear density period (1995–2005) and a period when the population was increasing (2006–2016). We also compared the distance to the nearest breeding area and to all other breeding areas observed during the same year. The results suggested that during the second period, breeding areas were closer to rivers, fruit trees, and anthropogenic sources of disturbance (trails, highways) than in 1995–2005. There were also shorter distances to the closest neighboring breeding area, while the mean distance among FCOY breeding areas increased as the population grew and expanded at the landscape level. These changes may reflect that the best den locations were increasingly occupied (i.e., ideal-despotic distribution), and may be further explained by the avoidance of conspecifics by FCOY in a critical time of the year, when newborn cubs are most vulnerable. We suggest that both density-dependent factors and human-related features of the landscape are crucial to understanding long-term dynamics in the habitat use of a threatened species.
Robust Joule-heating ceramic reactors for catalytic CO oxidation
Authors: Liu Fangsheng , Zhao Zhibo , Ma Yuyao , Gao Yi , Li Jiajie , Hu Xun , Ye Zhengmao , Ling Yihan , Dong Dehua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractJoule-heating reactors have the higher energy efficiency and product selectivity compared with the reactors based on radiative heating. Current Joule-heating reactors are constructed with electrically-conductive metals or carbon materials, and therefore suffer from stability issue due to the presence of corrosive or oxidizing gases during high-temperature reactions. In this study, chemically-stable and electrically-conductive (La0.80Sr0.20)0.95FeO3 (LSF)/Gd0.1Ce0.9O2 (GDC) ceramics have been used to construct Joule-heating reactors for the first time. Taking the advantage of the resistance decrease of the ceramic reactors with temperature increase, the ceramic reactors heated under current control mode achieved the automatic adjustment of heating to stabilize reactor temperatures. In addition, the electrical resistance of LSF/GDC reactors can be tuned by the content of the high-conductive LSF in composite ceramics and ceramic density via sintering temperature, which offers flexibility to control reactor temperatures. The ceramic reactors with dendritic channels (less than 100 urn in diameter) showed the catalytic activity for CO oxidation, which was further improved by coating efficient MnO2 nanocatalyst on reactor channel wall. The Joule-heating ceramic reactors achieved complete CO oxidation at a low temperature of 165 °C. Therefore, robust ceramic reactors have successfully demonstrated effective Joule heating for CO oxidation, which are potentially applied in other high-temperature catalytic reactions.
On Learning to Anticipate in Youth Sport
Authors: Buszard Tim 
Published: May 2022

AbstractElite sport offers a suitable setting to understand the ability to anticipate future events—a phenomenon that is central to animal life. Critically, however, whilst anticipation in sport has been studied for several decades, there have been few attempts to understand its development throughout childhood and adolescence. Additionally, whilst it is widely acknowledged that the need to anticipate emerges from temporal pressure, there has been no effort to understand the nonlinear effect that temporal demands have on the development of anticipatory skill. This is important as its consequences have different implications for sports authorities compared to an individual player. To bridge the gap in our understanding, this article draws attention to the mathematical concepts of concavity and convexity to explain the nonlinear relationship between temporal demands and the development of anticipatory skill. This viewpoint has implications for the design of junior sport, including the modification of rules, which has gained worldwide interest in recent years.
Stability analysis of rib pillars in highwall mining under dynamic and static loads in open-pit coal mine
Authors: Wu Haoshuai , Chen Yanlong , Lv Haoyan , Xie Qihang , Chen Yuanguang , Gu Jun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe retained coal in the end slope of an open-pit mine can be mined by the highwall mining techniques. However, the instability mechanism of the reserved rib pillar under dynamic loads of mining haul trucks and static loads of the overlying strata is not clear, which restricts the safe and efficient application of highwall mining. In this study, the load-bearing model of the rib pillar in highwall mining was established, the cusp catastrophe theory and the safety coefficient of the rib pillar were considered, and the criterion equations of the rib pillar stability were proposed. Based on the limit equilibrium theory, the limit stress of the rib pillar was analyzed, and the calculation equations of plastic zone width of the rib pillar in highwall mining were obtained. Based on the Winkler foundation beam theory, the elastic foundation beam model composed of the rib pillar and roof under the highwall mining was established, and the calculation equations for the compression of the rib pillar under dynamic and static loads were developed. The results showed that with the increase of the rib pillar width, the total compression of the rib pillar under dynamic and static loads decreases nonlinearly, and the compression of the rib pillar caused by static loads of the overlying strata and trucks has a decisive role. Numerical simulation and theoretical calculation were also performed in this study. In the numerical simulation, the coal seam with a buried depth of 122 m and a thickness of 3 m is mined by highwall mining techniques. According to the established rib pillar instability model of the highwall mining system, it is found that when the mining opening width is 3 m, the reasonable width of the rib pillar is at least 1.3 m, and the safety factor of the rib pillar is 1.3. The numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the results of theoretical calculation, which verifies the feasibility of the theoretical analysis of the rib pillar stability. This research provides a reference for the stability analysis of rib pillars under highwall mining.
Convergence of fundamentalisms? Ultra-Orthodox nationalists (Hardalim) in Israel
Authors: Mahla Daniel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe article investigates the phenomenon of ultra-Orthodox nationalists (Hardalim) in the modern State of Israel. Hardalim emerged out of ideological transformations in the ideological settlement movement during the 1980s and 1990s, combining aspects of the two major religious milieus in the country, national-religious Judaism and ultra-Orthodoxy. Such a fusion is cause for great concern among those, who fear a fundamentalist assault on the democratic state. Based on the definition of the editors of this volume, the article asks how far the classification of Hardalim as fundamentalists helps us to grasp the specifics of their group. I argue that the concept is useful insofar as it highlights some of the movement’s core characteristics that distinguish it from traditionalist Judaism and other forms of religious activism and lifestyle, but that at the same time a strict focus on the fundamentalist features of the Hardalim runs the risk of ignoring the group’s intimate ties and dynamics with other groups in Israeli society.
Quantum reinforcement learning: the maze problem
Authors: Dalla Pozza Nicola , Buffoni Lorenzo , Martina Stefano , Caruso Filippo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractQuantum machine learning (QML) is a young but rapidly growing field where quantum information meets machine learning. Here, we will introduce a new QML model generalising the classical concept of reinforcement learning to the quantum domain, i.e. quantum reinforcement learning (QRL). In particular, we apply this idea to the maze problem, where an agent has to learn the optimal set of actions in order to escape from a maze with the highest success probability. To perform the strategy optimisation, we consider a hybrid protocol where QRL is combined with classical deep neural networks. In particular, we find that the agent learns the optimal strategy in both the classical and quantum regimes, and we also investigate its behaviour in a noisy environment. It turns out that the quantum speedup does robustly allow the agent to exploit useful actions also at very short time scales, with key roles played by the quantum coherence and the external noise. This new framework has the high potential to be applied to perform different tasks (e.g. high transmission/processing rates and quantum error correction) in the new-generation noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices whose topology engineering is starting to become a new and crucial control knob for practical applications in real-world problems. This work is dedicated to the memory of Peter Wittek.
Neutral lightweight engineering: a holistic approach towards sustainability driven engineering
Authors: Kupfer Robert , Schilling Levin , Spitzer Sebastian , Zichner Marco , Gude Maik 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe continuously growing social and political pressure to provide sustainable products is forcing also the lightweight industry to rethink current development and manufacturing processes. While established development approaches in lightweight engineering mainly focus on technical and economical product requirements they usually do not consider sustainability criteria. To address these challenges, a new class within the lightweight disciplines is proposed—theNeutral Lightweight Engineering. Its basic goal is to integrate sustainability criteria in all decisions along the development chain of a lightweight component. The decision makers in lightweight engineering thereby have to consider the whole life cycle of a product system from material sourcing to end-of-life part management. To implement this idea, advanced development methods are necessary, using established and emerging materials as well as efficient production and end-of-life strategies. This concept article introduces the idea ofNeutral Lightweight Engineeringand exemplary highlights some of its aspects before the background of scientific literature.
Distributed constrained aggregative games of uncertain Euler-Lagrange systems under unbalanced digraphs
Authors: Zhang Yanqiong , Liu Chaoqun , Tian Yu-Ping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the constrained Nash equilibrium seeking problem of aggregative games is investigated for uncertain nonlinear Euler-Lagrange (EL) systems under unbalanced digraphs, where the cost function for each agent depends on its own decision variable and the aggregate of all other decisions. By embedding a distributed estimator of the left eigenvector associated with zero eigenvalue of the digraph Laplacian matrix, a dynamic adaptive average consensus protocol is employed to estimate the aggregate function in the unbalanced case. To solve the constrained Nash equilibrium seeking problem, an integrated distributed protocol based on output-constrained nonlinear control and projected dynamics is proposed for uncertain EL players to reach the Nash equilibrium. The convergence analysis is established by using variational inequality technique and Lyapunov stability analysis. Finally, a numerical example in electricity market is provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Two-stage reward allocation with decay for multi-agent coordinated behavior for sequential cooperative task by using deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Miyashita Yuki , Sugawara Toshiharu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe propose a two-stage reward allocation method with decay using an extension of replay memory to adapt this rewarding method for deep reinforcement learning (DRL), to generate coordinated behaviors for tasks that can be completed by executing a few subtasks sequentially by heterogeneous agents. An independent learner in cooperative multi-agent systems needs to learn its policies for effective execution of its own responsible subtask, as well as for coordinated behaviors under a certain coordination structure. Although the reward scheme is an issue for DRL, it is difficult to design it to learn both policies. Our proposed method attempts to generate these different behaviors in multi-agent DRL by dividing the timing of rewards into two stages and varying the ratio between them over time. By introducing the coordinated delivery and execution problem with an expiration time, where a task can be executed sequentially by two heterogeneous agents, we experimentally analyze the effect of using various ratios of the reward division in the two-stage allocations on the generated behaviors. The results demonstrate that the proposed method could improve the overall performance relative to those with the conventional one-time or fixed reward and can establish robust coordinated behavior.
Loneliness, Belonging, and Mental Health in Australian University Students Pre- and Post-COVID-19
Authors: Dingle Genevieve A. , Han Rong , Carlyle Molly 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe move to online learning during COVID-19 deprived first-year students of friendships and other sources of social support that could buffer against stress during their transition to university. These effects may have been worse for international students than domestic students as many were subjected to travel restrictions or quarantine in addition to the usual stressors. This study examined the impact of COVID-19 on social connectedness and mental health of first-year students enrolled in a metropolitan university in Australia. The study involved 1239 students (30.4% international) and used a 3 (cohorts: 2019, 2020, 2021) × 2 (enrolment status: domestic and international) between-group design. Results showed that both loneliness and university belonging were significantly worse during the first year of COVID-19 compared to the year before or after. Contrary to expectation, domestic students were lonelier than international students across all cohorts. Multiple-group memberships did not change. As predicted, loneliness was moderately to highly correlated with the number of stressors, psychological distress, and (lower) well-being, whereas university belonging and multiple-group memberships were related to positive mental health outcomes. These findings highlight the need for initiatives that promote student connectedness and mental health as the university sector recovers from COVID-19.
Interventions for adolescents and adults with psychosis in Africa: a systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Hunt Xanthe , Abdurahman Haleem , Omobowale Olubukola , Afolayan Adeola , Munetsi Epiphania , Dzapasi Lloyd , Mokaya Nyareso , Koroma Alhaji , Barrie Ibrahim , Ogunmola Olusegun , Koroma Abubakar , Shakespeare Tom , Eaton Julian , Ryan Grace 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Global Burden of Disease attributable to psychotic disorders in African countries is high and has increased sharply in recent years. Yet, there is a scarcity of evidence on effective, appropriate and acceptable interventions for schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders on the continent.MethodsWe carried out a systematic review and narrative synthesis of peer-reviewed literature evaluating the impact of non-pharmacological interventions for adolescents and adults (10–65 years) in African countries. Two reviewers independently double-screened all articles and performed data extraction and quality appraisal using standardized tools.ResultsOf the 8529 unique texts returned by our search, 12 studies were identified for inclusion, from seven countries: Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa and Sudan. They evaluated a range of interventions with one or more clinical, psychological or psychosocial, education or awareness or traditional or faith-based components, and were delivered by either mental health specialists or non-specialist health workers. Ten of the 12 included studies reported significant, positive effects on a range of outcomes (including functioning, symptoms and stigma). Nearly half of the interventions were based out of health facilities. Based on quality appraisals, confidence in these studies' findings is only rated low to medium.ConclusionFurther research is needed to develop and evaluate interventions that meet the diverse needs of people with psychosis, within and beyond the health sector.
A hybrid artificial intelligence control of a turbulent jet: Reynolds number effect and scaling
Authors: Perumal A.K. , Wu Z. , Fan D.W. , Zhou Y. 
Published: May 2022

This work aims to investigate experimentally the effect of the Reynolds numberRe,based on the nozzle diameterD, on jet mixing manipulation using an unsteady radial minijet. A novel artificial intelligence (AI) control system has been developed to manipulate the jet overRe = 5800–40 000. The system may optimize simultaneously the control law and a time-independent parameter, which dictate the actuation ON/OFF states and amplitude, respectively. The control parameters include the mass flow rate, excitation frequency and diameter ratios (Cm,fe/f0andd/D) of the minijet to the main jet as well as the duty cycle (α) of minijet injection. Jet mixing is quantified usingKeandK0, whereKis the decay rate of the jet centreline mean velocity, and subscriptseand 0 denote the manipulated and unforced jets, respectively. It has been found that the maximumKeachievable does not vary withRe.Scaling analysis of the huge volume of experimental data obtained from the AI system reveals that the relationshipKe = g1(Cm,fe/f0,α,d/D, Re, K0) may be reduced toKe/K0 = g2$(\zeta )$, whereg1andg2are different functions and the scaling factor$\zeta = ({C_m}/\alpha ){(D/d)^{1 - n}}(1/Re){({f_e}/{f_{e,opt}})^m}$,mand 1 − nare the power indices, and subscriptoptdenotes the value at whichKeis maximum. The scaling law is discussed in detail, along with the physical meanings of the dimensionless parametersKe/K0,ζ,$({C_m}/\alpha ){(D/d)^{1 - n}}(1/Re)$and${({f_e}/{f_{e,opt}})^m}$.
A review of source models to further the understanding of the seismicity of the Groningen field
Authors: Kühn Daniela , Hainzl Sebastian , Dahm Torsten , Richter Gudrun , Vera Rodriguez Ismael 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The occurrence of felt earthquakes due to gas production in Groningen has initiated numerous studies and model attempts to understand and quantify induced seismicity in this region. The whole bandwidth of available models spans the range from fully deterministic models to purely empirical and stochastic models. In this article, we summarise the most important model approaches, describing their main achievements and limitations. In addition, we discuss remaining open questions and potential future directions of development.