bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Approach to the Adult Colorectal Patient with a History of Pediatric Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Sajankila Nitin , DeRoss Anthony , Lipman Jeremy M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChildren with colorectal diseases often undergo operative management in their youth. As these patients become adult, it is important for surgeons to understand their postoperative anatomy as well as the pathophysiology of their diseases. Here, we present a description of common colorectal diseases of childhood that may have significant impact on patients' presentations as adult. We also discuss the diagnosis and management of conditions that are usually seen early in life but may present during adulthood as well.
Expressing emotion
Authors: Mestre-Mestre Eva M. , Díez-Bedmar María Belén 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe acquisition of pragmatic competence, namely, the capability to ‘produce and comprehend […] discourse that is adequate to the L2 socio-cultural context’ (Istvan Kecskes, 2013, p. 64) is a major challenge for learners with a medium-to-advanced level of language proficiency, and a main concern for teachers. To study it, two approaches exist: the ethnopragmatic perspective (Anna Wierzbicka, 2004) and the intercultural pragmatics perspective (Laura Maguire & Jesús Romero-Trillo, 2013). Because of its complexity, the study of emotions is core in pragmatic competence acquisition.This paper explores the way English as a lingua franca (ELF) users with different L1s express their emotions, as compiled in the Corpus of Language and Nature (Romero-Trillo et al., 2013). To do so, 115 texts from L1 German speakers and 115 texts from L1 Brazilian Portuguese speakers are explored following corpus-based and corpus-driven approaches. The former was conducted by analysing the presence in the subcorpora of the items in two emotion word lexicons. To complement the information obtained, further corpus-based analyses of the use of modals and intensifiers employed by the participants to express emotion were conducted. The corpus-driven approach allowed the manual identification of any linguistic unit employed by ELF users to express emotion which had not been previously considered. The results cast light on the linguistic units that ELF users from the two backgrounds employ to express emotion in the same situations. The findings highlight the differences and similarities in their use of the language as well as the suitability of the lexicons to study emotion in ELF.
Fluidic rolling robot using voltage-driven oscillating liquid
Authors: Mao Zebing , Asai Yota , Yamanoi Akimasa , Seki Yumeta , Wiranata Ardi , Minaminosono Ayato 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Rolling motions have been observed in many animals and insects. In the previous fluidic rolling system, a deformed chamber and long cables were imperative to drive the soft rolling actuators, which required high pressure and a sophisticated controlling strategy. In this study, we propose a soft fluidic roller using a simple structure composed of a bendable and twistable electrohydrodynamic (EHD) pump and a layer of natural latex. To realize the rolling motion, we first optimized the electrode and channel height of the EHD pumps using different patterns and designs. We also examined the output power, efficiency, pressure loss, bending, and twisting performance. Subsequently, the optimized electrodes and channel height were selected to design the power source of the EHD roller. This roller was lightweight (0.7 g) with an amount of liquid (0.6 g). This EHD robot can roll as the EHD liquid oscillates under a duty-controlled voltage realized using a high-voltage circuit. Next,we investigated the influence of frictional forces on rolling performance. Finally, the rolling motion in the liquid was demonstrated. This study extends the EHD pumps to independent soft actuators integrated with a soft power source.
Control of electron beam polarization in the bubble regime of laser-wakefield acceleration
Authors: Fan H C , Liu X Y , Li X F , Qu J F , Yu Q , Kong Q , Weng S M , Chen M , Büscher M , Gibbon P , Kawata S , Sheng Z M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Electron beam polarization in the bubble regime of the interaction between a high-intensity laser and a longitudinally pre-polarized plasma is investigated by means of the Thomas–Bargmann–Michel–Telegdi equation. Using a test-particle model, the dependence of the accelerated electron polarization on the bubble geometry is analysed in detail. Tracking the polarization dynamics of individual electrons reveals that although the spin direction changes during both the self-injection process and acceleration phase, the former has the biggest impact. For nearly spherical bubbles, the polarization of electron beam persists after capture and acceleration in the bubble. By contrast, for aspherical bubble shapes, the electron beam becomes rapidly depolarized, and the net polarization direction can even reverse in the case of a oblate spheroidal bubble. These findings are confirmed via particle-in-cell simulations.
PVDF-directed synthesis, stability and anion exchange of cesium lead bromide nanocrystals
Authors: Panda Suvadeep , Soni Amritansh , Gupta Vidhu , Niranjan Raghvendra , Panda Debashis 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Photoluminescent perovskite nanocrystals are mostly used along with base materials such as polymers for material processing and large-scale production purpose. However, the role of polymer in crystal structure engineering and thereby dictating the emission properties of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals has been poorly understood. First, we have developed a polymer-directed antisolvent method for synthesis of halide perovskite crystals at room temperature and observed that the thermodynamic stabilities of crystals drive the formation of perovskite composite crystal of orthorhombic Cs4PbBr6 and monoclinic CsPbBr3. Surprisingly, hydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) can reduce the size of perovskite crystals to nano dimensions even at room temperature. On the other hand, perovskite nanocrystals, CsPbBr3 synthesized by modified hot-injection method undergo rapid encapsulation in PVDF matrices. The size of the encapsulated nanocrystal in PVDF matrices ranges in 88 ± 32 nm. We have illustrated that there are three types of radiative recombination predominantly operative in nanocrystals-doped polymer- (i) surface defect caused radiative recombination (0.6–3 ns), (ii) exciton recombination (3–15 ns), and (iii) shallow trap assisted recombination (10–50 ns). The interface created at nanocrystal and polymer plays a decisive role in populating the shallow trap states in perovskite-polymer nanocomposite. These nanocomposites undergo fast halide exchange in aqueous hydroiodic acid solution and possess remarkable enhancement of water-/photo-stability. This research would pave way for their greater use in hydrogen production and light-emitting devices.
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy based insights into diffusion in electrochemical energy systems
Authors: Tyagi Viplove , Debnath Bharati , Patrike Apurva , Ogale Satishchandra , Patil Shivprasad 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy, a commonly used technique for measuring diffusion of biomolecules and tracer dyes in different solvents, is employed to characterise the local transport properties in battery electrolytes. Diffusion of ions, a major limiting factor in battery capacity and charging rates, depends on the local interactions and structuredness of the electrolytic species. Structuredness in the electrolyte results from typical solvation behaviour of diffusing ions/molecules leading to long-range interactions. In this work, we have used FCS to measure tracer diffusion of Coumarin 343 in a mixture of Ethylene Carbonate (EC) and Dimethyl Carbonate (DMC), commonly used as electrolyte solvent in Li-ion batteries. The measured diffusion is found to depend on lithium-ion concentrations. It is found that the addition of LiPF6 to an EC-DMC equimolar mixture slows down tracer diffusion significantly. Indeed, the bulk viscosity of the electrolyte added with LiPF6 salt varies with salt concentration. However, the change in bulk viscosity (global behaviour) at high ion concentrations does not match the one inferred from applying Stoke-Einstein’s relation to the diffusion data (local behaviour). This indicates that the homogeneity of the electrolyte does not extend spatially to molecular scales around the diffusing tracer molecule. Measurements made on coin cells prepared with different concentrations of LiPF6 show battery performance limited at higher concentrations, characterized by specific capacity loss at faster charging cycles. This limitation is directly related to the local behaviour of the electrolyte as quantified by measurements of tracer diffusion, which slows down, which remarkably outweighs the advantage of high carrier densities.
Mycobacterial response to an acidic environment: protective mechanisms
Authors: Rai Rupal , Singh Vinayak , Mathew Bijina J , Singh Anirudh K , Chaurasiya Shivendra K 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTGiven the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the world faces the urgency of finding new drugs to combat tuberculosis. Understanding the biochemical/physiological processes enabling Mtb to survive the stressful environment within macrophages and acquire tolerance, resistance and persistence against the stresses are the key to developing new approaches to tackle this health problem. As Mtb gains entry into the respiratory tract and is engulfed by macrophages, lowering pH acts as a primary defence of phagosomes within macrophages and also in the centres of caseating granulomas. It becomes essential for the pathogen to maintain pH homeostasis for survival in these conditions. Acid resistance mechanisms are well known and extensively studied in other bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus spp., Brucella spp., Helicobacter pylori and Listeria monocytogenes. However, in the case of Mtb, acid tolerance and resistance mechanisms still need to be explored in detail. This review aims to describe the current understanding of underlying mechanisms involved in countering low pH faced by Mtb as the acid resistance/tolerance mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease.
Cecal microbiota of feedlot cattle fed a four-species Bacillus supplement
Authors: Fuerniss Luke K , Kreikemeier Kelly K , Reed Lynn D , Cravey Matt D , Johnson Bradley J 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
As commercial fed cattle consume large amounts of concentrate feedstuffs, hindgut health can be challenged. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a commercially available Bacillus feed additive on cattle health outcomes and cecal microbiota of fed cattle at the time of harvest. Commercial cattle from a single feedlot were identified for characterization of cecal microbial communities using 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequencing. All cattle were fed a common corn-based finishing diet. Control cattle (CON) were administered no treatment while treated cattle (TRT) were supplemented daily with 0.050 g of MicroSaf 4C 40 (2 billion colony forming units of Bacillus spp.; Phileo by Lesaffre, Milwaukee, WI). Immediately after harvest and evisceration, the cecal contents of cattle were sampled. After DNA extraction, amplification, and sequencing, reads from CON samples (N = 12) and TRT samples (N = 12) were assigned taxonomy using the SILVA 138 database. Total morbidity, first treatment of atypical interstitial pneumonia, and early shipments for harvest were decreased among TRT cattle compared to CON cattle (P ≤ 0.021). On average, cecal microbiota from TRT cattle had greater alpha diversity than microbiota from CON cattle as measured by Shannon diversity, Pielou’s evenness, and feature richness (P &lt; 0.010). Additionally, TRT microbial communities were different (P = 0.001) and less variable (P &lt; 0.001) than CON microbial communities when evaluated by unweighted UniFrac distances. By relative abundance across all samples, the most prevalent phyla were Firmicutes (55.40%, SD = 15.97) and Bacteroidetes (28.17%, SD = 17.74) followed by Proteobacteria (6.75%, SD = 10.98), Spirochaetes (4.54%, SD = 4.85), and Euryarchaeota (1.77%, SD = 3.00). Spirochaetes relative abundance in TRT communities was greater than that in CON communities and was differentially abundant between treatments by ANCOM testing (W = 11); Monoglobaceae was the only family-level taxon identified as differentially abundant (W = 59; greater mean relative abundance in TRT group by 2.12 percentage points). Half (N = 6) of the CON samples clustered away from all other samples based on principal coordinates and represented cecal dysbiosis among CON cattle. The results of this study indicated that administering a four-species blend of Bacillus positively supported the cecal microbial communities of finishing cattle. Further research is needed to explore potential mechanisms of action of Bacillus DFM products in feedlot cattle.
Novel median thoracic expansion for asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy
Authors: Wang Wenlin , Long Weiguang , Liu Yang , Cai Bin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
There are several surgical techniques for asphyxiating Thoracic Dystrophy (ATD), and various techniques have various indications, but no one has studied this problem in the past. We designed a new procedure for the type of ATD with narrow and cylindrical thorax, and clinical results show that this method is reasonable for this type of patient.
Percutaneous extraction of metallic foreign body from pyogenic liver abscess
Authors: Basin Michael , Dimmer Alexandra , Abramyan Shogik , Tewari Sanjit O , Lucia Amie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe report a case of a 35-year-old male who developed a pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) secondary to a foreign body that migrated from the transverse colon into the liver. The mainstay of treatment of PLA requires removal of the foreign body, most frequently performed surgically. Few case reports exist of percutaneous removal. As our patient was hemodynamically stable at time of presentation, he underwent successful percutaneous transhepatic removal of the foreign body, avoiding any need for surgical operation.
Theoretical Base and Mechanism of Action
Authors: Whiteside Stephen P. H. , Ollendick Thomas H. , Biggs Bridget K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Despite the strong empirical support for the efficacy of exposure therapy, disagreement remains regarding the theoretical underpinnings of how and why exposure works. This chapter introduces the primary mechanistic theories of how exposure leads to symptom change and then provides a working model synthesizing these theories. The specific steps for implementing exposure with youth presented in later chapters are grounded in the mechanistic theories reviewed in this chapter and integrated in the clinical model presented at the end of the chapter. The order of this presentation is based on the belief that understanding how exposure works allows therapists to apply this technique in situations that do not fit neatly within their previous experiences. Given the heterogeneity of anxiety problems, it is important to have a theoretical framework of the mechanisms of action to guide implementation and problem-solving.
Cornerstones of Attachment Research
Authors: Duschinsky Robbie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cornerstones of Attachment Research re-examines the work of key laboratories that have contributed to the study of attachment. In doing so, the book traces the development in a single scientific paradigm through parallel but separate lines of inquiry. Chapters address the work of Bowlby, Ainsworth, Main and Hesse, Sroufe and Egeland, and Shaver and Mikulincer. Cornerstones of Attachment Research utilises attention to these five research groups as a lens on wider themes and challenges faced by attachment research over the decades. The chapters draw on a complete analysis of published scholarly and popular works by each research group, as well as much unpublished material.
Mary Ainsworth and the Strange Situation Procedure
Authors: Duschinsky Robbie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Attachment as an empirical research paradigm may be regarded as having fully commenced only with Ainsworth’s work. This chapter begins by introducing the biographical context of Ainsworth’s work, including her early work at Toronto University. Ainsworth’s concept of ‘security’ and her attempt to develop self-report measures of security are reappraised, placing Ainsworth’s work in the context of her debt to her teacher Blatz. The chapter then draws on Ainsworth’s published and unpublished writings to consider the strengths and limitations of her Uganda ethnography and Baltimore longitudinal study. This helps clarify Ainsworth’s goals in her development of a scale to measure sensitivity and in developing the Strange Situation procedure. The chapter also considers the work of Ainsworth’s collaborator and student Everett Waters. In addition, it addresses other concerns that have been raised regarding Ainsworth’s work, including the extent of its cross-cultural validity.
Alan Sroufe, Byron Egeland, and the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Risk and Adaptation
Authors: Duschinsky Robbie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter considers the work of Alan Sroufe, Byron Egeland, and the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Risk and Adaptation. It presents the first sustained commentary on Sroufe’s ideas about emotion, attachment, and development. Headline concepts like ‘felt security’ were influential for subsequent attachment theory. However, other ideas like affects as social currency, and intrusive intimacy, are still less well known. The chapter examines the antecedents and sequelae of attachment in the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Risk and Adaptation. The legacy of Sroufe and Egeland is discussed for two former students who have subsequently returned to take leadership roles at Minnesota: Dante Cicchetti and Glenn Roisman. The chapter also discusses ways in which Sroufe and Egeland’s theoretical commitment to holism has contributed to both strengths and limitations in their work.
Pregnancy Ultrasound
Authors: Tamborski Maria , Medeiros Sarah , Weingrow Daniel , Dyne Pamela 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter uses clinical vignettes and multiple-choice questions to explore core and advanced principles of ultrasound applicable to pregnant patients. The cases assess image acquisition pearls and pitfalls, image interpretation, false positive and negative findings, and integration into patient management. Clinical vignettes include stable and unstable patients presenting with undifferentiated symptoms such as abdominal pain, flank pain, or hypotension. Each case includes detailed explanations for correct and incorrect answer choices, incorporating landmark studies as well as the latest literature that clinical sonographers will find of interest. Relevant references and sources for each case are also included, as well as keywords for each section.
Gynecological Ultrasound
Authors: Esener Dasia , Betta M. Bryan Dalla 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter uses clinical vignettes and multiple-choice questions to explore core and advanced principles gynecological ultrasound, including evaluation of vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, tubo-ovarian abscess, ovarian cysts, ovarian cancer and more. The cases will assess image acquisition pearls and pitfalls, image interpretation, false positive and negative findings, and integration into patient management. Clinical vignettes will include patients presenting with a wide variety of gynecological pathology that are commonly seen in emergency departments and other clinics. Each case will include detailed explanations for correct and incorrect answer choices, incorporating landmark studies as well as the latest literature that clinical sonographers will find of interest.
Soft Tissue Ultrasound
Authors: Liu Yiju Teresa , Bellman Lilly , Shibata Jackie , Khiyani Sheetal 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter uses clinical vignettes and multiple-choice questions to explore core and advanced principles of soft tissue ultrasound, including foreign body, cellulitis, abscess, necrotizing fasciitis, simple and complex cysts, and benign and malignant soft tissue masses. The cases assess image acquisition pearls and pitfalls, image interpretation, false positive and negative findings, and integration into patient management. Clinical vignettes include patients presenting with a wide variety of soft tissue pathology that are commonly seen in emergency departments and other clinics. Each case includes detailed explanations for correct and incorrect answer choices, incorporating landmark studies as well as the latest literature that clinical sonographers will find of interest.
Bowel and Appendix Ultrasound
Authors: Takemoto Andrea , Ball Lindsey , Fields J. Matthew 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter uses clinical vignettes and multiple-choice questions to explore core and advanced principles of gastrointestinal ultrasound. The cases will assess image acquisition pearls and pitfalls, image interpretation, false-positive and false-negative findings, and integration into patient management. Clinical vignettes will include stable and unstable patients presenting with undifferentiated symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and flank pain. Each case will include detailed explanations for correct and incorrect answer choices, incorporating landmark studies as well as the latest literature that clinical sonographers will find of interest.
Neocortical Epilepsy
Authors: Teton Zoe E. , Raslan Ahmed M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of adult localization-related epilepsy. While 80% of patients have mesial temporal seizure onset, neocortical TLE encompasses a broader group of epilepsies generally characterized by an aura and contralateral clonic activity that will very often generalize. Thirty percent of these patients will remain refractory to medication. In patients whose thorough phase I and phase II evaluation has determined a neocortical seizure onset zone, anterior temporal lobectomy has been shown to be superior to medication alone in achieving seizure freedom and does so in up to 80% of these patients. Mortality in ATL is less than 1%, with morbidity rates around 5%, most commonly visual field defects. Neuropsychological performance may decline in up to 50% of cases, though it will improve in up to one-third of cases if seizure freedom is obtained.
Cortical Dysplasia With Extratemporal Epilepsy
Authors: Selden Nathan R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMedically refractory focal epilepsy in childhood is often related to the presence of focal cortical dysplasia, which may occur in temporal or extra-temporal locations. Normal findings with standard MR imaging is not unusual in such cases, related to immature myelination or insensitive imaging protocols, or both. High Tesla MR imaging and re-imaging at an older age may provide evidence of focal dyplasia as a possible cause for seizure onset. Invasive epilepsy and functional mapping in children and adolescents may require the placement of subdural grid and/or intraparenchymal depth electrodes, with extra-operative mapping of seizure foci and functional brain tissue. Second stage surgery is then utilized for hardware removal and simultaneous cortical resection to treat the epileptic focus. Although the prognosis for Engel Class I result is lower with extra-temporal foci, it is higher with Type II focal cortical dyplasia, particularly balloon cell dysplasia (Type IIb).