bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graphene-assisted titanium dioxide Z-mechanism photoelectrode as enzymatic glucose biosensor
Authors: Li Fei , Zhang Bin , Yan Bingdong , Chen Qian , Wang Xiaohong , Zhang Kexi , Pei Hua , Wu Qiang , Chen Delun , Tu Jinchun 
Published: June 2022

Highly exposed surfaces of anatase TiO2 crystals are of interest due to their excellent photogenerated electron–hole pair separation effect and high photocatalytic activity. In this work, a Z-mechanism biosensor with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and anatase TiO2 nanocrystals combined with PDA (TiO2/rGO/PDA) was successfully synthesized. rGO was combined with the co-exposed (001) and (101) facets of TiO2 nanocrystals to construct a Z-mechanism in which rGO acts as an electron transport medium and provides a channel for the transfer of electrons, resulting in TiO2 nanocrystals with high photoelectron–hole pair separation efficiency and strong redox ability. The coated PDA polymer not only could absorb visible light but also has good stability and biocompatibility, which helps to increase the adsorption of target enzyme molecules. The TiO2/rGO/PDA/GOx biosensor with the Z-mechanism displays the sensitivity of 13.82 μA mM−1 cm−2 in 0.1M PBS solution (pH = 7.4) with a linear range of 0–3 mM and the LOD of 0.034 µM. In general, the application of the Z-mechanism in biosensors would provide a new orientation for the design of biosensors.
Interaction of blackbody radiation with rubidium and caesium atoms in small-angular-momentum Rydberg states
Authors: Glukhov I.L. , Kamenski A.A. , Ovsiannikov V.D. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We examine the possibilities of refining an asymptotic description and quantitative calculations of the effects induced by thermal blackbody radiation (BBR) of the environment on the Rydberg states of atoms. Numerical values are calculated and asymptotic expressions are proposed for simplified estimates of natural lifetimes and threshold photoionisation cross sections for Rydberg states of rubidium and caesium atoms with large values of the principal quantum number, n ⩾ 20, and small orbital momenta, l = 0, 1, 2, 3. Based on analytical expressions, we present numerical estimates for the contributions of photoionisation probabilities to the BBR-induced broadening of the Rydberg energy level, as well as the contributions of continuum integrals to thermally induced shifts in the Rydberg-state energy levels.
Dynamics of three-photon laser excitation of mesoscopic ensembles of cold rubidium atoms to Rydberg states
Authors: Tretyakov D.B. , Entin V.M. , Yakshina E.A. , Beterov I.I. , Ryabtsev I.I. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The temporal dynamics of three-photon 5S1/2 → 5P3/2 → 6S1/2 → 39P3/2 laser excitation of mesoscopic ensembles of cold Rb atoms to Rydberg states in a magneto-optical trap is studied using cw single-frequency lasers at each stage. The ensembles comprise N = 1 – 5 atoms and are detected by the method of selective field ionisation with postselection with respect to the number of atoms. The dependence of the excitation probability on the duration of the exciting laser pulses and the number of detected Rydberg atoms is investigated. At short interaction times, a linear increase in probabilities is observed, and at large times, the probabilities reach saturation, while each number of atoms has its own characteristic features. The experimental dependences are compared with the results of numerical calculations in the framework of a four-level model, and their good agreement is obtained. The conditions necessary for observing Rabi population oscillations are determined. The obtained results are important for the application of Rydberg atoms in quantum information.
CW optical parametric oscillator for the mid-IR range
Authors: Yakovin M.D. , Chapovsky P.L. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We report the development of a cw optical parametric oscillator (OPO) for the mid-IR range. The oscillator uses a 50-mm long periodically poled lithium niobate crystal in a ring resonator. The OPO is pumped by an ytterbium fibre laser with a wavelength of 1.064 μm. At a pump power of 10 W, the OPO generates continuous radiation with a wavelength of 3.6 μm and a power of 2.8 W. The pump power depletion in the OPO is 94 %. The idler wave frequency of the OPO is stabilised using a precision laser wavelength meter. The rms error of the idler wave frequency in the stabilisation regime is 3 MHz. A simple theoretical model for the operation of a cw OPO is proposed, based on an empirical characteristic of the OPO, i.e., the pump depletion, and on a quantum description of three interacting light waves. The power characteristics of the operating OPO are in good agreement with those predicted by the theoretical model.
Application of all-optical magnetometry for detection of weak magnetic fields generated by a current-carrying metallised track
Authors: Taskova E. , Alipieva E. , Stankova N. , Ranev V. , Andreeva C. , Brazhnikov D.V. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A pump – probe configuration is used to register zero-field level-crossing resonances in Rb vapour contained in a cell with antirelaxation coated walls. The scheme is applied to detect the weak magnetic field generated by a current-carrying micro-wire (metallised track). Such micro-wires can be employed in neural prostheses and hybrid bionic systems as micro-electrode arrays. More specifically, the operation of such live micro-wire belonging to a neuronal – electrode interface is demonstrated, which indicates the possibility of remote testing of the operation (conducting/nonconducting) of micro-wires for in neural implants.
Integration in TWBE
Authors: de Jong Ester J. , Barko Alva Katherine , Yilmaz Tuba 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Integration is a defining feature of two-way bilingual education (TWBE), yet the integrative dimension of TWBE has
received relatively little attention. Over time, scholars have raised concerns that the integration of English speakers and
speakers of other languages may not effectively support minority students in the program and in fact, reinforce the inequalities
that exist outside of the program or school. This paper discusses the rationale for integration and critical issues of integration
and equity as they have emerged at the classroom and program level. The authors provide a conclusion proposing ways forward and
what is needed to realize the potential of integration as a transformative third space within TWBE.
Regional ecosystem health assessment using the GA-BPANN model: a case study of Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Li Yuze , Wu Yuanxiang , Liu Xiaoguang 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Background: Regional ecosystem health assessments are the basis for the sustainable development of society. However, an ecosystem is a complex integration of ecosystem mosaics and subsystems that influence each other, making it difficult to evaluate them using traditional assessment methods of linear and explicit functions. We introduce a back-propagation neural network model optimized by a genetic algorithm to evaluate ecosystem health in 16 districts in Yunnan Province. Result: (1) The model required fewer inputs to evaluate complex and nonlinear systems, avoided the need for subjective weights, and performed well in this practical application to regional ecosystem health assessment. (2) The ecosystem health in Yunnan Province was increasing, and there was a significant positive spatial autocorrelation during 2000–2020, showing that districts with high Ecosystem Health cluster together and the ecological protection policy of the region has produced a diffusion effect, leading to continuous improvement of the ecological health of the surrounding areas. High-low outlier areas of ecosystem health should be paid more attention, because of the increasing instability of local health levels. Conclusion: This study provides a methodological exploration for assessing spatial mosaics of different ecosystems at a regional scale.
Association between early stage N2 sleep spindle burst characteristics and vigilance groups: an observational study on patients from a tertiary sleep centre
Authors: McCloy Karen , Duce Brett , Hukins Craig , Abeyratne Udantha 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with impaired vigilance. This paper examines the hypothesis that sleep spindle (Sp) characteristics during nocturnal sleep can be mapped to vigilance deficits measured by the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) in patients with OSA. Approach. The PVT was performed prior to In-laboratory Polysomnography for 250 patients. PVT outcomes were clustered into three vigilance groups (VGs). Spindles were scored manually for a Training Cohort of 55 patients, (9491 Sps) across different blocks of NREM sleep (SBs) and validated in a Test Cohort (25 patients, 4867 Sps). We proposed a novel set of Sp features including a spindle burst index (SBI), which quantifies the burst characteristics of spindles and constructed models mapping them to VGs. We also explored the performance of conventional Sp features (such as Sp number and density) in our modelling approach. Main results. In the Training Cohort, we observed statistically significant differences in the SBI across VGs and SBs independent of OSA severity (1st stage N2 SBI; p = <0.001 across VGs). In the Test Cohort, a Model based on the proposed SBI predicted VG membership with 88% accuracy. A model based on conventional Sp features mapped to VGs with 80% accuracy, and a model using mixed burst and conventional features reached an accuracy of 88%. Significance. Spindle features measured during diagnostic In-laboratory polysomnography measurements can be mapped to PVT outcomes. The novel SBI proved useful for exploring the relationship between PVT outcomes and sleep. Further studies in larger populations are needed to verify these conclusions.
Towards single-charge heavy ion beams driven by an ultra-intense laser
Authors: Domański Jarosław , Badziak Jan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The acceleration of super-heavy ions from an ultra-thin lead target irradiated by a femtosecond laser pulse with an intensity in the range of ∼1022–1023 W cm−2 was investigated using an advanced 2D3V particle-in-cell code. It is shown that by properly selecting the laser pulse parameters, it is possible to produce a practically single-charge Pb ion beam with multi-GeV ion energies and the laser-to-ions energy conversion efficiency approaching 30%. At the laser intensity of 1023 W cm−2, Pb ions with the charge state Z = 72 carry over 90% of the total energy of all ions, while the peak intensity and peak fluence of the Pb+72 ion beam are at least two orders of magnitude higher than for other types of ions. In addition, the Pb+72 ion beam is more compact and has a smaller angular divergence than those for other types of ions. The above properties of the Pb+72 ion beam mean that further energy-efficient purification of the beam from other types of ions is possible, even in simple ion transport and selection systems.
Characterization of beam ion loss in high poloidal beta regime on EAST
Authors: Fu J , Huang J , Wang J F , Yu L M , Van Zeeland M A , Chang J F , Hao B L , Chen J L , Wu M Q , Hu W H , Xu Z , Gao W , Gao W , Su J X , Sun Y X , Liang R R , Zang Q , Liu H Q , Lyu B , Zhong G Q , Zhang B , Gong X Z 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A critical issue for achieving the integrated operation of steady-state long-pulse high-confinement (H-mode) plasmas on experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST) is to improve beam ion population confinement during neutral beam injection (NBI). To study the characterization of beam ion loss and improve beam ion confinement, the steady-state long pulse scenario discharges were conducted on EAST (β
p ⩾ 2.0, β
N ⩾ 1.7, q
95 ⩾ 6.7 and H
98y2 ⩾ 1.1) with NBI heating. Based on neutron yield, the beam voltage and line-averaged electron density were adjusted from 50 kV to 60 kV and 4.4 × 1019 m−3 to 5.0 × 1019 m−3, respectively. The results show that the dominant mechanisms of beam ion loss are shine-through loss, prompt loss, and stochastic ripple loss. The shine-through loss fraction is determined by initial velocity, flight time and entire beam path. The change in prompt loss fraction is caused by the change in the deposition of beam ions. The change in stochastic ripple loss fraction is caused by the change in the initial fraction of trapped-confined ions. Detailed physics shows that the prompt loss fraction during counter-Ip injections (∼45%) is far larger than during co-Ip injections (∼5%) due to the finite orbit width. The lost ions are mainly deposited on the lower divertor or below the midplane since the direction of magnetic drift is vertical down. The orbit types of prompt loss during counter-Ip injections are mainly trapped-lost and ctr-passing lost. To minimize the prompt loss fraction during counter-Ip injections, a reversed Ip configuration (rev-Ip) discharge #94758 was conducted. The result suggests that the beam ion wall load fraction during counter-Ip tangential injection (∼3%) is far lower than that in normal Ip configuration (nor-Ip) discharge #94820. It is also found that the confinement of beam ion population in the counter-Ip injection #94758 was greatly improved when compared to #94820. This study can provide unique support for the improvement of beam ion population confinement and for the performance evaluation of the NBI system on EAST and future tokamaks.
Prediction of temperature profiles in helical plasmas by integrated code coupled with gyrokinetic transport models
Authors: Toda S , Nunami M , Sugama H 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Transport simulation is performed by integrated code using reduced transport models (Toda S et al 2019 Phys. Plasmas
26 012510) in a kinetic electron condition for turbulent heat transport including the effect of zonal flows in helical plasmas. A reduced model can be formulated for the heat diffusivity using only the linear properties, or can be constructed by considering the expression of the quasilinear flux. These reduced models reproduce nonlinear gyrokinetic simulation results for ion temperature gradient mode turbulence by a linear growth rate and zonal flow decay time. Temperature profiles can be obtained when the turbulent heat transport is evaluated by reduced models at each time step in the evolution of integrated simulation. Computational cost using the reduced models where linear gyrokinetic simulation is performed at each time step in the integrated simulation is about two orders of magnitude lower than that using nonlinear gyrokinetic simulation. Stationary temperature profiles are predicted by simulation, in which, the linear simulation is performed at each time step in the integrated simulation for steady heating power. The density profile and the edge temperature are needed in this simulation.
Tuning the optical and magnetic properties of ZnO by Fe3O4
Authors: Solyman S , Ahmed Emad M , Azab A A 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this work, nanocomposites were prepared with different weight ratios based on the formula1−xZnO+xFe3O4,where x = 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07 and 0.09. The structure, morphology, optical, and magnetic properties were examined by x-ray diffraction, UV–vis-NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The x-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirm the phase purity formation ofFe3O4−ZnOnanocomposites. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) exhibited the prepared powders are nanoparticles with the spherical shapes ofFe3O4and nanorod for ZnO. UV–vis-NIR diffuse reflectance measurements showed that theFe3O4modified the optical properties of ZnO. Results of the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) display a superparamagnetic characteristic ofFe3O4and ferromagnetic behavior for nanocomposites. The magnetization and remanence magnetization of nanocomposites increases withFe3O4content.
The structural, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of MnCrNiGeSi high-entropy alloy
Authors: Tekgül Atakan , Sarlar Kagan , Küçük Nil , Etemoğlu Akın B 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The structural, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of Mn20Cr14Ni33Ge25Si8 and Mn24Cr10Ni33Ge25Si8 high entropy alloys (HEAs) were investigated. The HEAs were prepared by arc melting method. The structural analysis indicates that the structure of HEAs is orthorhombic with Pnma space group. In magnetic measurements, the maximum saturation magnetization was found to be 56.7 A m2kg−1. The Curie temperature of HEAs is 361 and 387 K, respectively. The Curie temperature shifts to the high temperature, when 4% Mn is added, resulting the long-range orientation of the magnetic moments. The magnetic entropy change of Mn24Cr10Ni33Ge25Si8 is 3.6 Jkg−1K−1 at around 387 K. Consequently, Large magnetic entropy change is achieved with low hysteresis and soft magnetic property at high temperature.
Pseudoscalar sterile neutrino self-interactions in light of Planck, SPT and ACT data
Authors: Atzori Corona Mattia , Murgia Riccardo , Cadeddu Matteo , Archidiacono Maria , Gariazzo Stefano , Giunti Carlo , Hannestad Steen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe reassess the viability of a cosmological model including a fourth additional sterile neutrino species that self-interacts through a new pseudoscalar degree of freedom. We perform a series of extensive analyses fitting various combinations of cosmic microwave background (CMB) data fromPlanck, the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) and the South Pole Telescope (SPT), both alone and in combination with Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) and Supernova Ia (SnIa) observations. We show that the scenario under study, although capable to resolve the Hubble tension without worsening the so-called S_8 tension about the growth of cosmic structures, is severely constrained by high-multipole polarization data from bothPlanckand SPT. Intriguingly, when tradingPlanckTE-EE data for those from ACT, we find a ≳ 3σpreference for a non-zero sterile neutrino mass, ms= 3.6+1.10.6eV (68% C.L.), compatible with the range suggested by longstanding short-baseline (SBL) anomalies in neutrino oscillation experiments. The pseudoscalar model provides indeed a better fit to ACT data compared to ΛCDM (Δχ2≃ -5, ΔAIC = -1.3), although in a combined analysis withPlanckthe ΛCDM model is still favoured, as the preference for a non-zero sterile neutrino mass is mostly driven by ACT favouring a higher value for the primordial spectral indexnswith respect toPlanck. We show that the mild tension betweenPlanckand ACT is due to the different pattern in the TE and EE power spectra on multipoles between 350 ≲ ℓ ≲ 1000. We also check the impact of marginalizing over the gravitational lensing information inPlanckdata, showing that the model does not solve the CMB lensing anomaly. Future work including higher precision data from current and upcoming CMB ground-based experiments will be crucial to test these results.
Spectral behavior and Flaring Activity of II Peg in the Ultraviolet
Authors: Sanad M. R. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We have investigated the spectral behavior of II Peg binary system in the ultraviolet band by using International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) observations over the period (1979 – 1993). The ultraviolet observations show indication of flare activity in the chromosphere and transition region with their enhanced spectral lines. Before and after the flare activity the ultraviolet spectral lines show low, intermediate and high flux. The spectral behavior is compared with previous studies. We detect prominent flare activity in (1989, 1990, 1992). Before and after this period there is a gradual clear decrease in the level of activity. The reddening of II Peg was estimated from 2200 Å absorption feature to be E (B-V) = 0.10 ± 0.02. We determined the mean rate of mass loss to be ~ 1 × 10-8 M yr-1, the mean temperature of the emitting source to be ~ 1.1 × 104 K, and the ultraviolet luminosity to be ~ 7 × 1027 erg s-1. We attributed the spectral variations to a cyclic behavior of the underlying magnetic dynamo and the prominent activity can be interpreted by the model of two – ribbon flare.
CHES: A Space-borne Astrometric Mission for the Detection of Habitable Planets of the Nearby Solar-type Stars
Authors: Ji Jiang-Hui , Li Hai-Tao , Zhang Jun-Bo , Fang Liang , Li Dong , Wang Su , Cao Yang , Deng Lei , Li Bao-Quan , Xian Hao , Gao Xiao-Dong , Zhang Ang , Li Fei , Liu Jia-Cheng , Qi Zhao-Xiang , Jin Sheng , Liu Ya-Ning , Chen Guo , Li Ming-Tao , Dong Yao , Zhu Zi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The Closeby Habitable Exoplanet Survey (CHES) mission is proposed to discover habitable-zone Earth-like planets of nearby solar-type stars (∼10 pc away from our solar system) via microarcsecond relative astrometry. The major scientific objectives of CHES are: to search for Earth Twins or terrestrial planets in habitable zones orbiting 100 FGK nearby stars; further to conduct a comprehensive survey and extensively characterize nearby planetary systems. The primary payload is a high-quality, low-distortion, high-stability telescope. The optical subsystem is a coaxial three-mirror anastigmat (TMA) with a 1.2 m-aperture, 0.°44 × 0.°44 field of view and 500 nm−900 nm working wave band. The camera focal plane is composed of a mosaic of 81 scientific CMOS detectors each with 4 k × 4 k pixels. The heterodyne laser interferometric calibration technology is employed to ensure microarcsecond level (1 μas) relative astrometry precision to meet the requirements for detection of Earth-like planets. The CHES satellite operates at the Sun–Earth L2 point and observes all the target stars for 5 yr. CHES will offer the first direct measurements of true masses and inclinations of Earth Twins and super-Earths orbiting our neighbor stars based on microarcsecond astrometry from space. This will definitely enhance our understanding of the formation of diverse nearby planetary systems and the emergence of other worlds for solar-type stars, and finally provide insights to the evolution of our own solar system.
Direct writing-in and visualizing reading-out data storage with high capacity in low-cost plastics
Authors: Wei Xin , Zhao Weiwei , Yang Jintao , Zhang Yong , Song Junming , Ni Zhenhua , Lu Junpeng , Liu Hongwei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The explosive growth of the global data volume demands new and advanced data storage methods. Here, we report that data storage with ultrahigh capacity (~1 TB per disc) can be realized in low-cost plastics, including polycarbonate (PC), precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC), polystyrene (PS), and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), via direct fs laser writing. The focused fs laser can modify the fluorescence of written regions on the surface and in the interior of PMMA, enabling three-dimensional (3D) information storage. Through the 3D laser processing platform, a 50-layer data record with low bit error (0.96%) is archived. Visual reading of data is empowered by the fluorescence contrast. The broad variation of fluorescence intensity assigns 8 gray levels, corresponding to 3 bits on each spot. The gray levels of each layer present high stability after long-term aging cycles, confirming the robustness of data storage. Upon single pulse control via a high-frequency electro-optic modulator (EOM), a fast writing speed (~1 kB/s) is achieved, which is limited by the repetition frequency of the fs laser.