bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rainfall Characteristics for Irrigation of Pauh, Padang, West Sumatera Area for Irrigation
Authors: Tjandra M A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Rainfall data for Pauh area is evaluated to determine irrigation needs for plants. Precipitation data for 2021 is collected by the WeatherHawk Signature weather station every 20 minutes. Then the hourly, daily and monthly rainfall is calculated. Monthly rainfall is quite high with an average of 566 mm. However, the rainfall is not evenly distributed throughout the year. In each month the distribution of rainfall is also uneven. Several days of very heavy rainfall and consecutive days without rain are quite long with an average of 7 days. Even the longest days without rain reaches 16 days. From this evaluation it was concluded that sprinkler or micro irrigation is necessary to maintain crop productivity.
Inhibition of main protease enzyme (Mpro) by active compounds in cabya (Piper retrofractum Vahl.) for covid-19 treatment via in silico experiment
Authors: Supriyanto  , Mojiono  
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Covid-19 is caused by aetiological agent for SARS-CoV-2. The disease has caused pandemic responsible for deaths and economic loss worldwide. Therefore, novel drugs of covid-19 primarily using herbs are urgently needed. Cabya (Piper retrofractum Vahl.) is a popular spice and also traditionally applied for herbal medicines. This study conducted an in silico experiment to screen methanolic active compounds in cabya and test their inhibitory activities against main protease enzyme (Mpro) as receptor of SARS-CoV-2. The in silico approach complied with molecular docking protocols enabling to evaluate performance of the compounds to inhibit Mpro. Two common drugs were used as control, i.e. chloroquine and ivermectin. As the results, molecular docking showed a promising inhibition by active compounds in cabya; in this regard, beta-sitosterol demonstrated the strongest inhibition against Mpro with binding affinity -7,5 kcal/mol, which is better than chloroquine (-4.8 kcal/mol) and close to ivermectin (-8,5 kcal/mol). The interaction resulted from two hydrogen bonds with amino acids ARG A131 and ASP A289 at distance of 15Å and 2,49 Å, respectively. The inhibition site of beta-sitosterol was similar to that of ivermectin. This research revealed the potential use of cabya for covid-19 treatment through restriction of molecular binding between virus and receptor.
Nutritional value and quality of yogurt with addition of palm sugar (Arenga Pinnata Merr)
Authors: Suharto E L S , Kurnia Y F 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Yogurt has a number of health-promoting properties. Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophillus strains of lactic acid-producing bacteria are commonly employed as yogurt cultures in combination with milk such as cream and skim milk. Palm sugar (Arenga Pinnata Merr) is a natural sweetener with a distinct flavor and scent. Palm sugar is promoted as a healthier alternative to sucrose since it contains minerals, vitamins, antioxidants, and has a low glycemic index. The goal of the study was to assess the protein, fat, and ash content of yogurt when palm sugar was added at various quantities. With four replications, the trial used a completely randomized design with five treatments of palm sugar added to yogurt: P1(0%), P2(3%), P3(5%), P4(7%), and P5(9%). The data was analyzed using a test analysis of variance with a 5% significance level, followed by Duncan testing, if a significant result was detected. As result, yogurt with palm sugar addition had a significantly affected (P<0.05) on protein content, but had no significant effect (P>0.05) on fat content and ash content. In conclusion, the best treatment for the addition of 7% palm sugar to yogurt was P4 with a protein content (5.44%), fat content (2.98%), and ash content (1.12%).
Food Processing Technologies Aspects on Plant-Based Milk Manufacturing: Review
Authors: Romulo A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The emergence of immune and non-immune related diseases such as lactose intolerance and milk allergy has contributed to the milk consumption pattern changes over the last decades. Moreover, the problem with calorie concern, a saturated fatty acid in dairy milk, and the emergence of vegan diets have further shifted consumer choices to dairy milk alternatives. Plant-based milk is the liquid part extracted from plants such as legumes, nuts, cereals, seeds, and pseudo cereals. It is regarded as a replacement for dairy milk and perceived as a healthier product due to the presence of bioactive compounds. However, the nutritional content, sensory properties, and stability of the products are the main drawbacks of plant-based milk, as these properties are very different compared to dairy milk. Application of food processing technologies in plant-based milk production have been applied to ensure the quality of the final product. New technologies such as non-thermal processing have been applied to address issues related to the quality of plant-based milk. This article reviewed the technological aspects of plant-based milk production, including advanced processing technologies.
Combination of temperature and time of oxirane rings opening reaction for producing palm oil polyol as raw material of flexible polyurethane foam
Authors: Neswati  , Nazir N , Arief S , Yusniwati  
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Flexible polyurethane foams can be synthesized using polyols having a hydroxyl value of less than 100 mg KOH/g. The value of the hydroxyl value is affected by the temperature and time of the oxirane rings opening reaction. The purpose of this study was to examine the combination of temperature and time of the best oxirane rings opening reaction to produce polyols with a hydroxyl value of less than 100 mg KOH/g. Epoxidized palm oil was treated with temperature (50°C, 60°C, 70°C, and 80°C) and time (1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, and 4 hours). Parameters observed were hydroxyl value, hydroxyl content, density, viscosity, acid number, and color. The best treatment continued with the FTIR test. The oxirane rings opening reaction using a temperature of 50°C for 1 hour gave a hydroxyl value of 75.87 mg KOH/g.
Foraging Activity of Tetragonula laeviceps Workers for Natural Resources and Nest Materials at a Polyculture Cropland in Batusangkar, Tanah Datar Regency, West Sumatra
Authors: Puteri G , Herwina H , Mairawita  , Janra M N 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Tetragonula laeviceps is the most widely distributed stingless bee species in tropics. The observation on foraging activity of stingless bee workers of Tetragonula laeviceps had been done from September to December 2020 at a polyculture cropland in Batusangkar, Tanah Datar Regency, West Sumatra. The study aimed to determine the pattern of foraging activity of this species at a cropland with vegetation mixture and to identify the relationships between environmental factors i.e., temperature, humidity, and light intensity, to the foraging activity. The stingless bee workers were observed hourly for fifteen minutes from 6 am to 6 pm at their nest entrance, focusing on what they carry when leaving and entering colony. The observation was conducted on seven consecutive days within a week. The natural resources that stingless bee workers brought into their nest were identified and noted along with the number of workers carried certain natural resource. The analysis on observation data showed that the going-out of stingless bee workers for resources peaked at 9 am. The resource carried the most by stingless bee workers into their nest were pollen. Statistical analysis revealed that 78% of foraging activities for resources and nest material in Tetragonula laeviceps were influenced by environmental factors.
Theory of dynamical cavitation threshold for diesel fuel atomization
Authors: Fujikawa Toshihide , Egashira R , Hooman K , Yaguchi H , Masubuchi H , Fujikawa S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Theory of dynamical cavitation threshold for vapor and non-condensable gas bubble nuclei is proposed based on a model equation constructed from Rayleigh–Plesset equation for glycerol, the liquid with viscosity higher than that of water by

1500

times, under a finite duration of strong tension. The model equation is ascertained to be valid in cases of strong tension under which cavitation occurs. Our model enables the study of dynamics of nuclei on the phase plane of the nucleus radius and the growth velocity, by which the full details of the threshold are revealed. We propose a dimensionless parameter to be used to classify the threshold of cavitation. Our model offers a simple mathematical expression to calculate the maximum radii attained, while under tension, for each of these three recognized patterns. For each observed pattern, we present unique predictive correlations for the radius of the nucleus growing for the tension duration. Moreover, we elucidate that the dynamics of the nuclei, grown up to certain sizes, is fully controlled by tension independent of the viscosity. The discrepancy between the dynamical threshold and the conventional Blake’s threshold is discussed. Finally, the utility of the theory presented here is demonstrated through numerical examples.
Electrochemical corrosion performance of friction stir processed cold spray metal matrix composite coatings on AZ31B magnesium alloy under sodium chloride environment
Authors: Mohankumar Ashokkumar , Duraisamy Thirumalaikumarasamy , Sampathkumar Deepak , Sonar Tushar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The main objective of this investigation is to study the effect of friction stir processing (FSP) on the surface integrity and corrosion resistance of low-pressure cold sprayed (LPCS) aluminium alloy/aluminium oxide metal matrix composite (Al-Al2O3 MMC) coating deposited on AZ31B magnesium alloy for aerospace and automobile applications. The Al-Al2O3 MMC coating was developed on AZ31B magnesium alloy using a LPCS system. FSP was performed on the MMC coating using a stirring tool made of H13 tool steel. The structural integrity of the coating was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The phase analysis of coating was studied using x-ray diffraction (XRD). The potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests were performed to study the corrosion resistance of cold sprayed and FSPed samples. Results showed that FSP improved the structural integrity of MMC coating. Both the EIS and potentiodynamic polarisation test results reveal that FSP treated samples provide superior corrosion resistance than cold sprayed samples. This is due to the increase in interfacial bonding between matrix and reinforcement phase. The degree of separation and dispersal of alumina in the Al alloy matrix is increased through the shear force generated by the FSP tool on the coating surface.
Anomalous temperature dependence of ion transport under osmotic pressure in graphene oxide membranes
Authors: Lin Lingxin , Liu Chang , Ma Pengfei , Zhao Zeyuan , Chen Jianming , Zhao Danting , Wei Shiqi , Zheng Jianxiang , Miao Huifang , Cao Liuxuan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) membranes have attracted broad interest because of their unique mass transport properties. Towards the controllable ionic transport in GO membranes, physical fields or external driving forces are induced to control the behavior of ionic migration in situ. However, the adjustable ionic transport regulated by temperature and osmotic pressure in GO materials is still absent. Herein, we report the anomalous temperature dependence of ion transport under osmotic pressure in GO membranes. The ions can diffuse spontaneously along the concentration gradient or the temperature gradient. Intriguingly, it is found that the reverse temperature difference can promote ion transport driven by osmotic pressure. Theoretical analysis reveals that the anomalous temperature dependence of ion transport stems from the thermal-diffusion-assisted ion concentration polarization (ICP). The high temperature in the low-concentration side largely enhances the ionic thermal diffusion and suppresses the ICP, which eventually strengthens the ion current along the concentration gradient. The finding can be developed into the temperature sensor for aqueous solutions and bring inspiration to the application involving ion transport under thermodynamic and osmotic driven forces.
Nationwide Estimates of Gender-Affirming Chest Reconstruction in the United States, 2016-2019
Authors: Das Rishub K , Evans Adam G , Kalmar Christopher L , Al Kassis Salam , Drolet Brian C , Perdikis Galen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Section 1557 of the Affordable Care Act, introduced in 2016, increased access to gender-affirming surgeries for transgender and gender diverse individuals. Masculinizing chest reconstruction (e.g., mastectomy) and feminizing chest reconstruction (e.g., augmentation mammaplasty), often outpatient procedures, are the most frequently performed gender-affirming surgeries. However, there is a paucity of information about the demographics of patients who undergo gender-affirming chest reconstruction.

Objectives
The authors sought to investigate the incidence, demographics, and spending for ambulatory gender-affirming chest reconstruction utilizing nationally representative data from 2016 to 2019.

Methods
Employing the Nationwide Ambulatory Surgery Sample, the authors identified patients with an International Classification of Diseases diagnosis code of gender dysphoria who underwent chest reconstruction between 2016 and 2019. Demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded for each encounter.

Results
A weighted estimate of 21,293 encounters for chest reconstruction were included (17,480 [82.1%] masculinizing and 3813 [27.9%] feminizing). Between 2016 and 2019, the number of chest surgeries per 100,000 encounters increased by 143.2% from 27.3 to 66.4 (P &lt; 0.001). A total 12,751 (59.9%) chest surgeries were covered by private health insurance, 6557 (30.8%) were covered by public health insurance, 1172 (5.5%) were self-pay, and 813 (3.8%) had other means of payment. The median total charges were $29,887 (IQR, $21,778-$43,785) for chest reconstruction overall. Age, expected primary payer, patient location, and median income varied significantly by race (P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
Gender-affirming chest reconstructions are on the rise, and surgeons must understand the background and needs of transgender and gender diverse patients who require and choose to undergo surgical transitions.

Level of Evidence: 3
Vestibular migraine treatment: a comprehensive practical review
Authors: Smyth Duncan , Britton Zelie , Murdin Louisa , Arshad Qadeer , Kaski Diego 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Vestibular migraine is an underdiagnosed but increasingly recognized neurological condition that causes episodic vertigo associated with other features of migraine. It is now thought to be the most common cause of spontaneous (non-positional) episodic vertigo, affecting up to 1% of the population. A meta-analysis of preventative treatments for vestibular migraine was published in 2021, but the authors were unable to establish a preferred treatment strategy due to low quality of evidence and heterogeneity of study design and outcome reporting. Therefore, there remains a clinical need for pragmatic management guidelines specific to vestibular migraine using the available evidence. Here, we provide a practical review utilizing a systematic qualitative assessment of the evidence for abortive and preventative interventions in adults. The overall evidence base for vestibular migraine treatment is of low quality. Nevertheless, we provide practical treatment recommendations based on the available evidence and our experience to help guide clinicians treating patients with vestibular migraine. We also discuss how future clinical trials could be designed to improve the quality of evidence in this condition.
Chromosome-level genome of Tibetan naked carp (Gymnocypris przewalskii) provides insights into Tibetan highland adaptation
Authors: Tian Fei , Liu Sijia , Zhou Bingzheng , Tang Yongtao , Zhang Yu , Zhang Cunfang , Zhao Kai 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Gymnocypris przewalskii, a cyprinid fish endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, has evolved unique morphological, physiological and genetic characteristics to adapt to the highland environment. Herein, we assembled a high-quality G. przewalskii tetraploid genome with a size of 2.03 Gb and scaffold N50 of 44.93 Mb, which was anchored onto 46 chromosomes. The comparative analysis suggested that gene families related to highland adaptation were significantly expanded in G. przewalskii. According to the G. przewalskii genome, we evaluated the phylogenetic relationship of 13 schizothoracine fishes, and inferred that the demographic history of G. przewalskii was strongly associated with geographic and eco-environmental alterations. We noticed that G. przewalskii experienced whole-genome duplication, and genes preserved post duplication were functionally associated with adaptation to high salinity and alkalinity. In conclusion, a chromosome-scale G. przewalskii genome provides an important genomic resource for teleost fish, and will particularly promote our understanding of the molecular evolution and speciation of fish in the highland environment.
Jurisdiction Unbound: (Extra)territorial Regulation as Global Governance
Authors: Krisch Nico 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The international law of jurisdiction is faced with far-reaching changes in the context of a globalizing world, but its general orientation, centred on territoriality as the guiding principle, has remained stable for a long time. This article traces how, in contrast to the prevailing rhetoric of continuity, core categories of jurisdiction have been transformed in recent decades in such a way as to generate an ‘unbound’ jurisdiction, especially when it comes to the regulation of global business activities. The result is a jurisdictional assemblage – an assemblage in which a multiplicity of states have wide and overlapping jurisdictional claims, creating a situation in which, in practice, a few powerful countries wield the capacity to set and implement the rules. Jurisdiction is thus misunderstood if framed as an issue of horizontal relations among sovereign equals but should rather be regarded as a structure of global governance through which (some) states govern transboundary markets. Using a governance prism, this article argues, can help us to gain a clearer view of the normative challenges raised by the exercise of unbound jurisdiction, and it shifts the focus to the accountability mechanisms required to protect public accountability and self-government in weaker states.
The Legal Effects of the New Presidential System on Turkey’s Treaty-Making Practice
Authors: Pirim Ceren Zeynep 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Turkey has always assigned important powers to the legislature, establishing a strong parliamentary tradition. This also applies to the treaty-making process of the state. However, in 2017, the governmental structure was changed from a parliamentary system into a presidential one. This article examines the implications of this transformation on national rules concerning the ratification/termination of treaties, with special emphasis on the withdrawal decision of Turkey from the Istanbul Convention. It is first argued that the new system empowers the president on his/her own to put the Republic under international obligations without assuming political responsibility. It is then argued that the withdrawal decision is unconstitutional, demonstrating that the expansion, without checks and balances, of presidential powers may result in the arbitrary application of the domestic principles of treaty termination. The validity of the decision under the VCLT is also discussed. It is concluded that international law has its limits in intervening in cases of violations of national rules concerning the termination of treaties. It is finally argued that the attribution of all competences concerning the various stages of treaty-making to only one person may have consequences on invalidity claims that Turkey may raise concerning its consent to be bound by treaties.
Aedes aegypti (L.) and Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae) Susceptibility and Response to Different Experimental Formulations of a Sodium Ascorbate Toxic Sugar Bait
Authors: Tucker Katherine R , Steele Cassandra H , McDermott Emily G 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSBs) require target insects to locate, orient toward, and feed on an insecticidal sugar solution to control populations. Formulating these baits with different attractants and phagostimulants can increase their efficacy by causing insects to choose the ATSB over competing natural sugar sources, and to ingest more of the bait solution. We tested formulations of a 20% sodium ascorbate (SA) ATSB solution using different sugars, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), gallic acid, and six plant volatile compounds to determine their effect on adult Aedes aegypti (L.) and Anopheles stephensi Liston mortality. Baits formulated with fructose or sucrose had no effect on either species, neither did the addition of ATP. Gallic acid increased the survival of Ae. aegypti. Four of the six volatile compounds increased mortality in at least one species. We also examined An. stephensi response to baits formulated with each of the six volatile compounds. Anisaldehyde significantly increased the number of mosquitoes responding toward the SA-ATSB, but increasing the amount had no effect. Addition of anisaldehyde also significantly increased An. stephensi feeding rates on the SA-ATSB, though mosquitoes will avoid the toxic bait if a nontoxic sugar source is available. Formulation of SA-ATSBs with synthetic blends of attractive compounds can increase bait efficacy and consistency, though further research is needed to assess their performance in the field in the presence of natural sugar sources.
COVID-19 vaccination in patients with rheumatic diseases leads to a high seroconversion rate and reduced self-imposed isolation and shielding behaviour
Authors: Ammitzbøll Christian , Thomsen Marianne Kragh , Andersen Jakob Bøgh , Bartels Lars Erik , Hermansen Marie-Louise From , Johannsen Anders Dahl , Mistegaard Clara Elbæk , Mikkelsen Susan , Vils Signe Risbøl , Erikstrup Christian , Hauge Ellen-Margrethe , Troldborg Anne 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives
We investigated the effect of a two-dose messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccine on antibody levels against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and patient behaviour and shielding concerning fear of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods
Three hundred and three patients and 44 blood donors were included. All patients received two doses of an mRNA vaccine and had total antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 measured before vaccination and 2 and 9 weeks after the second vaccination. Further, patients answered an electronic questionnaire before and after vaccination concerning behaviour, anxiety, and symptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9).

Results
Significantly fewer patients (90%) had measurable antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 compared to blood donors (100%) after the second vaccination (P &lt; .001). Treatment with rituximab was the strongest predictor of an unfavourable vaccine response, as only 27% had measurable antibodies. Nearly all patients (97%) not treated with rituximab experienced seroconversion. Prednisone and methotrexate had a negative effect on seroconversion, but no effect of age or comorbidity was observed. Patients experienced significant improvement after vaccination in 10 out of 12 questions regarding behaviour and fear of COVID-19, while no change in Patient Health Questionnaire-9 or anxiety was observed.

Conclusion
We find a very high seroconversion rate among rheumatic patients and reduced self-imposed isolation and shielding after COVID-19 vaccination.