bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continental geological evidence for Solar System chaotic behavior in the Late Cretaceous
Authors: Wu Huaichun , Hinnov Linda A. , Zhang Shihong , Jiang Ganqing , Yang Tianshui , Li Haiyan , Xi Dangpeng , Ma Xiaojuan , Wang Chengshan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Earth’s geologic record of Milankovitch cycles closely tracks Solar System solutions for the past 50 million years. Prior to 50 million years ago (Ma), however, the solutions lose accuracy rapidly due to chaotic behavior of the Solar System. Here we reconstruct a 10.173 million year-long record from 82.358 Ma to 92.531 Ma of Earth’s orbital parameters from a continental lacustrine sequence in the Songliao Basin, China, constrained by four in situ high-resolution radioisotopic U-Pb ages and magnetic reversal stratigraphy. Analysis of thorium and ostracode shell abundance records from the Songliao Basin reveal evidence for two chaotic secular resonance transitions in the orbital motions of Earth and Mars from 85.2 Ma to 91.55 Ma. The evidence validates similar observations in western North American marine stratigraphy. A unique phasing between the observed orbital eccentricity and obliquity modulations may explain the anoxic events that occurred in both marine and continental environments during this time. Taken together, the continental and marine stratigraphic evidence demonstrates a strong global reach of Late Cretaceous Milankovitch cycles, and provides an important constraint on Solar System chaoticity and the calculation of accurate orbital solutions prior to 50 Ma.
On the Word Fragment Length for Unambiguous Reconstruction of a Periodic Word from a Complete Multiset of Fragments of Fixed Length
Authors: Alekseev V. A. , Smetanin Yu. G. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We consider the problem of reconstructing a word from a multiset of its fragments of fixed length. Words consist of symbols from a finite alphabet. The word to be reconstructed is assumed to be periodic or contain a periodic word as a subword. It is shown that a periodic word with a period p can be reconstructed from a multiset of its fragments of length k, where $$k \geqslant \left\lfloor {\frac{{16}}{7}\sqrt p } \right\rfloor + 5$$. For a word consisting of a q-periodic prefix repeated m times and a p-periodic suffix repeated l times, if $$l \geqslant m{{q}^{{\left\lfloor {\frac{{16}}{7}\sqrt P } \right\rfloor + 5}}}$$, then the estimate becomes $$k \geqslant \left\lfloor {\frac{{16}}{7}\sqrt P } \right\rfloor + 5$$, where $$P = {\text{max(}}p,~q{\text{)}}$$.
Description of Coordinate Groups of Irreducible Algebraic Sets over Free 2-Nilpotent Groups
Authors: Amaglobeli M. G. , Miasnikov A. G. , Remeslennikov V. N. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A convenient pure algebraic description of the coordinate groups of irreducible algebraic sets over a non-Abelian free 2-nilpotent group N of finite rank is given. Note that, in algebraic geometry over an arbitrary group N, it is natural to consider groups containing N as a subgroup (so-called N-groups) and homomorphisms of N-groups which are identical on N (N-homomorphisms). As a corollary, we describe all finitely generated groups H that are universally equivalent to N (with constants from N in the language). Additionally, we give a pure algebraic criterion determining when a finitely generated N-group H that is N-separated by N is, in fact, N-discriminated by N.
Comparison of biometric and refractive changes in intermittent exotropia with and without overminus lens therapy
Authors: Ale Magar Jit B , Shah Shaheen P , Dai Shuan 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundOverminus lens is an effective non-surgical treatment of intermittent exotropia (IXT). Whether this treatment causes development of myopia is recently debated. This study evaluated ocular biometric changes in IXT children treated with and without overminus lens.MethodsChildren with IXT were randomly assigned to control and overminus groups. Cycloplegic refraction, axial length and other parameters (keratometry, anterior chamber depth and lens thickness) were evaluated for up to 30 months and compared between the groups. Axial length to corneal curvature (AL/CR) ratio was examined as an indicator of myopia progression. Changes prior to and after overminus were also assessed in a subgroup.ResultsMean age of the total 84 subjects (58% women) was 7.2 years (range 4–15 years). Baseline refractive and biometric parameters of 39 control and 45 overminus subjects were not significantly different. Mean±SD change in refraction was −0.34±0.45D in controls and −0.41±0.66D in overminus group (p=0.527). AL increased by 0.29±0.20 millimetre (mm) in controls and 0.28±0.23 mm in overminus group (p=0.766). In the subgroup, the changes before and after overminus therapy was not significantly different (p>0.05). AL/CR ratio was maintained from baseline to follow-up visit (p=0.298) in both groups.ConclusionNo significant differences in biometry or refraction were found between the two groups and before and after the therapy. We conclude that the overminus therapy in children, not accounting for other myopia risk factors, does not affect normal refractive growths.
Association of overweight and obesity with hypertension, diabetes and comorbidity among adults in Bangladesh: evidence from nationwide Demographic and Health Survey 2017–2018 data
Authors: Das Sukanta , Debnath Manabika , Das Sunanda , Sarkar Snigdha , Rumana Afrin Sadia 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesThe study aimed to determine the association of overweight and obesity with hypertension, diabetes and comorbidity among the adults of Bangladesh.Study designThis study used cross-sectional data from the nationally representative Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2017–2018. The main outcome variables were hypertension, diabetes and comorbidity. Comorbidity was defined as the coexistence of hypertension and diabetes. Overweight and obesity, as measured by body mass index, were the main explanatory variables. The strength of the association was determined using the adjusted multiple logistic regression models.SettingRural and urban areas in Bangladesh.ParticipantsThe study included a total of 11 881 adults (5241 men and 6640 women) aged 18 years or older.ResultsThe prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and comorbidity among the sample population were 28.5%, 9.9% and 4.5%, respectively. Among the respondents, 20.1% were overweight and 4.1% were obese. The risk of hypertension was 2.47 times more likely in the overweight group (adjusted OR (AOR) 2.47; 95% CI 2.22 to 2.75) and 2.65 times more likely in the obese group (AOR 2.65; 95% CI 2.16 to 3.26) compared with the normal or underweight group. Adults who were overweight and obese had 59% (AOR 1.59; 95% CI 1.37 to 1.84) and 88% (AOR 1.88; 95% CI 1.46 to 2.42) higher odds of having diabetes, respectively, than normal or underweight adults. Moreover, the risk of comorbidity was 2.21 times higher in overweight adults (AOR 2.21; 95% CI 1.81 to 2.71) and 2.86 times higher in obese adults (AOR 2.86; 95% CI 2.09 to 3.91) compared with normal or underweight adults.ConclusionsUsing large-scale nationally representative data, we found that overweight and obesity were significantly associated with hypertension, diabetes and comorbidity. So, nationally representative data can be used for programme planning to prevent and treat these chronic conditions.
Antibody responses and risk factors associated with impaired immunological outcomes following two doses of BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination in patients with chronic pulmonary diseases
Authors: Harboe Zitta Barrella , Hamm Sebastian Rask , Pérez-Alós Laura , Sivapalan Pradeesh , Priemé Helene , Wilcke Torgny , Kjeldgaard Peter , Shaker Saher , Svorre Jordan Alexander , Møller Dina Leth , Heftdal Line Dam , Madsen Johannes Roth , Bayarri-Olmos Rafael , Hansen Cecilie Bo , Pries-Heje Mia Marie , Hasselbalch Rasmus Bo , Fogh Kamille , Armenteros Jose Juan Almagro , Hilsted Linda , Sørensen Erik , Lindegaard Birgitte , Browatzki Andrea , Biering-Sørensen Tor , Frikke-Schmidt Ruth , Ostrowski Sisse Rye , Iversen Kasper Karmark , Bundgaard Henning , Nielsen Susanne Dam , Garred Peter , Jensen Jens-Ulrik Stæhr 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionResponses to COVID-19 vaccination in patients with chronic pulmonary diseases are poorly characterised. We aimed to describe humoral responses following two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine and identify risk factors for impaired responses.MethodsProspective cohort study including adults with chronic pulmonary diseases and healthcare personnel as controls (1:1). Blood was sampled at inclusion, 3 weeks, 2 and 6 months after first vaccination. We reported antibody concentrations as geometric means with 95% CI of receptor binding domain (RBD)-IgG and neutralising antibody index of inhibition of ACE-2/RBD interaction (%). A low responder was defined as neutralising index in the lowest quartile (primary outcome) or RBD-IgG <225 AU/mL plus neutralising index <25% (secondary outcome), measured at 2 months. We tested associations using Poisson regression.ResultsWe included 593 patients and 593 controls, 75% of all had neutralising index ≥97% at 2 months. For the primary outcome, 34.7% of patients (n=157/453) and 12.9% of controls (n=46/359) were low responders (p<0.0001). For the secondary outcome, 8.6% of patients (n=39/453) and 1.4% of controls (n=5/359) were low responders (p<0.001). Risk factors associated with low responder included increasing age (per decade, adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 1.17, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.32), Charlson Comorbidity Index (per point) (aRR 1.15, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.26), use of prednisolone (aRR 2.08, 95% CI 1.55 to 2.77) and other immunosuppressives (aRR 2.21, 95% CI 1.65 to 2.97).DiscussionPatients with chronic pulmonary diseases established functional humoral responses to vaccination, however lower than controls. Age, comorbidities and immunosuppression were associated with poor immunological responses.
Local one-dimensional reggeon model of the interaction of several pomerons
Authors: Braun M. A. , Kuzminskii E. M. , Vyazovsky M. I. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe consider the one-dimensional local reggeon theory describing the leading pomeron with the conformal spin $$l=0$$

l
=
0

and two subdominant pomerons with $$l=\pm 2$$

l
=
±
2

. The dependence of the propagators of pomerons and the hA amplitude on rapidity are found numerically by integrating the evolution equation.
Randomized Implementation of a Primary Human Papillomavirus Testing–based Cervical Cancer Screening Protocol for Women 34 to 69 Years in Norway
Authors: Nygård Mari , Engesæter Birgit , Castle Philip E. , Berland Jannicke Mohr , Eide Maj Liv , Iversen Ole Erik , Jonassen Christine Monceyron , Christiansen Irene Kraus , Vintermyr Olav Karsten , Tropé Ameli 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background:
Cervical cancer screening programs are facing a programmatic shift where screening protocol based on human papillomavirus testing (HPV-Screening protocol) is replacing the liquid-based cytology (LBC-Screening protocol). For safe technology transfer within the nationwide screening programme in Norway, HPV-Screening protocol was implemented randomized to compare the real-world effectiveness of HPV-Screening protocol and LBC-Screening protocol at the first screening round.

Methods:
Among 302,295 women ages 34 to 69 years scheduled to attend screening from February 2015 to June 2017, 157,447 attended. A total of 77,207 were randomly allocated to the HPV-Screening protocol and 80,240 were allocated to the LBC-Screening protocol. All women were followed up for 18 months.

Results:
The HPV-Screening protocol resulted in a relative increase of 60% in the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2 or worse [risk ratio (RR) = 1.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.5–1.7], 40% in CIN grade 3 or worse (RR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.3–1.6), 40% in cancer (RR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.0–2.1), and 60% in colposcopy referrals (RR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.5–1.6) compared with LBC-Screening. The performance of both protocols was age dependent, being more effective in women ages under 50 years.

Conclusions:
The HPV-Screening protocol was well accepted by women in Norway and detected more CIN2, CIN3, and cancers compared with the LBC-Screening protocol.

Impact:
A randomized implementation of the HPV-Screening protocol with real-world assessment enabled a gradual, quality assured, and safe technology transition. HPV-based screening protocol may further be improved by using HPV genotyping and age-specific referral algorithms.
Biological Misinterpretation of Transcriptional Signatures in Tumor Samples Can Unknowingly Undermine Mechanistic Understanding and Faithful Alignment with Preclinical Data
Authors: Fisher Natalie C. , Byrne Ryan M. , Leslie Holly , Wood Colin , Legrini Assya , Cameron Andrew J. , Ahmaderaghi Baharak , Corry Shania M. , Malla Sudhir B. , Amirkhah Raheleh , McCooey Aoife J. , Rogan Emily , Redmond Keara L. , Sakhnevych Svetlana , Domingo Enric , Jackson James , Loughrey Maurice B. , Leedham Simon , Maughan Tim , Lawler Mark , Sansom Owen J. , Lamrock Felicity , Koelzer Viktor H. , Jamieson Nigel B. , Dunne Philip D. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Precise mechanism-based gene expression signatures (GES) have been developed in appropriate in vitro and in vivo model systems, to identify important cancer-related signaling processes. However, some GESs originally developed to represent specific disease processes, primarily with an epithelial cell focus, are being applied to heterogeneous tumor samples where the expression of the genes in the signature may no longer be epithelial-specific. Therefore, unknowingly, even small changes in tumor stroma percentage can directly influence GESs, undermining the intended mechanistic signaling.

Experimental Design:
Using colorectal cancer as an exemplar, we deployed numerous orthogonal profiling methodologies, including laser capture microdissection, flow cytometry, bulk and multiregional biopsy clinical samples, single-cell RNA sequencing and finally spatial transcriptomics, to perform a comprehensive assessment of the potential for the most widely used GESs to be influenced, or confounded, by stromal content in tumor tissue. To complement this work, we generated a freely-available resource, ConfoundR; https://confoundr.qub.ac.uk/, that enables users to test the extent of stromal influence on an unlimited number of the genes/signatures simultaneously across colorectal, breast, pancreatic, ovarian and prostate cancer datasets.

Results:
Findings presented here demonstrate the clear potential for misinterpretation of the meaning of GESs, due to widespread stromal influences, which in-turn can undermine faithful alignment between clinical samples and preclinical data/models, particularly cell lines and organoids, or tumor models not fully recapitulating the stromal and immune microenvironment.

Conclusions:
Efforts to faithfully align preclinical models of disease using phenotypically-designed GESs must ensure that the signatures themselves remain representative of the same biology when applied to clinical samples.
Rb Tumor Suppressor in Small Cell Lung Cancer: Combined Genomic and IHC Analysis with a Description of a Distinct Rb-Proficient Subset
Authors: Febres-Aldana Christopher A. , Chang Jason C. , Ptashkin Ryan , Wang Yuhan , Gedvilaite Erika , Baine Marina K. , Travis William D. , Ventura Katia , Bodd Francis , Yu Helena A. , Quintanal-Villalonga Alvaro , Lai W. Victoria , Egger Jacklynn V. , Offin Michael , Ladanyi Marc , Rudin Charles M. , Rekhtman Natasha 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
RB1 mutations and loss of retinoblastoma (Rb) expression represent consistent but not entirely invariable hallmarks of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The prevalence and characteristics of SCLC retaining wild-type Rb are not well-established. Furthermore, the performance of targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) versus immunohistochemistry for Rb assessment is not well-defined.

Experimental Design:
A total of 208 clinical SCLC samples were analyzed by comprehensive targeted NGS, covering all exons of RB1, and Rb IHC. On the basis of established coordination of Rb/p16/cyclinD1 expression, p16-high/cyclinD1-low profile was used as a marker of constitutive Rb deficiency.

Results:
Fourteen of 208 (6%) SCLC expressed wild-type Rb, accompanied by a unique p16-low/cyclinD1-high profile supporting Rb proficiency. Rb-proficient SCLC was associated with neuroendocrine-low phenotype, combined SCLC with non-SCLC (NSCLC) histology and aggressive behavior. These tumors exclusively harbored CCND1 amplification (29%), and were markedly enriched in CDKN2A mutations (50%) and NSCLC-type alterations (KEAP1, STK11, FGFR1). The remaining 194 of 208 SCLC were Rb-deficient (p16-high/cyclinD1-low), including 184 cases with Rb loss (of which 29% lacked detectable RB1 alterations by clinical NGS pipeline), and 10 cases with mutated but expressed Rb.

Conclusions:
This is the largest study to date to concurrently analyze Rb by NGS and IHC in SCLC, identifying a 6% rate of Rb proficiency. Pathologic-genomic data implicate NSCLC-related progenitors as a putative source of Rb-proficient SCLC. Consistent upstream Rb inactivation via CDKN2A/p16↓ and CCND1/cyclinD1↑ suggests the potential utility of CDK4/6 inhibitors in this aggressive SCLC subset. The study also clarifies technical aspects of Rb status determination in clinical practice, highlighting the limitations of exon-only sequencing for RB1 interrogation.
See related commentary by Mahadevan and Sholl, p. 4603
The (R)evolution of Social Media in Oncology: Engage, Enlighten, and Encourage
Authors: Morgan Gilberto , Agarwal Neeraj , Choueiri Toni K. , Dizon Don S. , Hamilton Erika P. , Markham Merry Jennifer , Lewis Mark , Prowell Tatiana M. , Rugo Hope S. , Subbiah Vivek , West Howard L. 
Published: July 2022

Summary:
Social media (SoMe) platforms have the ability to strengthen the oncology community, leading to intellectual connections that with time develop into friendships. SoMe has immense potential in all areas of medicine, and SoMe in oncology is proof of this, raising awareness about clinical trials, promoting cancer prevention techniques, amplifying oncology information, enabling diverse viewpoints into conversations, as well as educating colleagues regardless of geography.
Potent Stimulation of the Androgen Receptor Instigates a Viral Mimicry Response in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Alizadeh-Ghodsi Mohammadreza , Owen Katie L. , Townley Scott L. , Zanker Damien , Rollin Samuel P.G. , Hanson Adrienne R. , Shrestha Raj , Toubia John , Gargett Tessa , Chernukhin Igor , Luu Jennii , Cowley Karla J. , Clark Ashlee , Carroll Jason S. , Simpson Kaylene J. , Winter Jean M. , Lawrence Mitchell G. , Butler Lisa M. , Risbridger Gail P. , Thierry Benjamin , Taylor Renea A. , Hickey Theresa E. , Parker Belinda S. , Tilley Wayne D. , Selth Luke A. 
Published: July 2022

Inhibiting the androgen receptor (AR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, with androgen deprivation therapy is a standard-of-care treatment for metastatic prostate cancer. Paradoxically, activation of AR can also inhibit the growth of prostate cancer in some patients and experimental systems, but the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are poorly understood. This study exploited a potent synthetic androgen, methyltestosterone (MeT), to investigate AR agonist-induced growth inhibition. MeT strongly inhibited growth of prostate cancer cells expressing AR, but not AR-negative models. Genes and pathways regulated by MeT were highly analogous to those regulated by DHT, although MeT induced a quantitatively greater androgenic response in prostate cancer cells. MeT potently downregulated DNA methyltransferases, leading to global DNA hypomethylation. These epigenomic changes were associated with dysregulation of transposable element expression, including upregulation of endogenous retrovirus (ERV) transcripts after sustained MeT treatment. Increased ERV expression led to accumulation of double-stranded RNA and a “viral mimicry” response characterized by activation of IFN signaling, upregulation of MHC class I molecules, and enhanced recognition of murine prostate cancer cells by CD8+ T cells. Positive associations between AR activity and ERVs/antiviral pathways were evident in patient transcriptomic data, supporting the clinical relevance of our findings. Collectively, our study reveals that the potent androgen MeT can increase the immunogenicity of prostate cancer cells via a viral mimicry response, a finding that has potential implications for the development of strategies to sensitize this cancer type to immunotherapies.Significance:Our study demonstrates that potent androgen stimulation of prostate cancer cells can elicit a viral mimicry response, resulting in enhanced IFN signaling. This finding may have implications for the development of strategies to sensitize prostate cancer to immunotherapies.
Tanaidacea (Crustacea: Peracarida) from Japan III. The deep trenches; the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench and Japan Trench
Authors: LARSEN KIM , SHIMOMURA MICHITAKA 
Published: July 2022

Examination of the tanaidacean fauna of the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench and the Japan Trench, from the surrounding edges of the trench to the hadal depths, revealed 21 new species, belonging to the genera Agathotanais, Akanthophoreus, Carpoapseudes, Cryptocopoides, Fageapseudes, Larsenotanais, Leptognathia, Leptognathiella, Neotanais, Paragathotanais, Pseudotanais, and Siphonolabrum, and 15 of these new species are described in this volume. Five additional species (Forcipatia rotundicauda, Leptognathiopsis langi, Paranarthrura vitjazi, Paranarthrura zevinae, Torquella angularis, and Typhlotanais compactus) are re-described/re-combined. The tanaidacean species richness in the trenches was found to be remarkably higher than in shallow water, although numbers of individuals were rather small; this was compensated for by high taxonomic diversity.
Dual-Pol VPR Corrections for Improved Operational Radar QPE in MRMS
Authors: Hanft Wolfgang , Zhang Jian , Simpson Micheal 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The radar bright band is caused by melting ice crystals, and results in inflated reflectivity observations. If uncorrected, the bright band can result in large errors in radar-derived quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE). In the operational Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) system up to version 12.1, the effects of the bright band are corrected through the use of a reflectivity-only, tilt-based apparent vertical profile of reflectivity (tilt-VPR). This study utilizes dual-polarization (dual-pol) radar observations to improve the tilt-VPR methodology. To accomplish this, a brightband area delineation was developed within the MRMS framework and the brightband top and bottom heights were identified for individual tilts of radar data. This information was used to develop a radially dependent dual-pol VPR (dpVPR) model that can better correct reflectivity in situations of nonisotropic bright bands and low brightband events. This algorithm has been tested on 14 varying brightband events across the CONUS and compared with the tilt-VPR and the National Weather Service Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler Level-3 Digital Precipitation Rate (DPR) products. The radially dependent dpVPR correction provided a more accurate detection of brightband areas and a more effective reduction in QPE errors within and above the bright band than the tilt-VPR and DPR QPEs, especially for precipitation events with low melting layers or with strong variability of vertical motions. The brightband delineation and dpVPR methodology are also evaluated in the real-time MRMS testbed for their robustness and computational efficiency and has been transitioned into operations in 2022.