bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble vorinostat by self-microemulsifying drug delivery system
Authors: Janakiraman Ashok Kumar , Islam Tahani , Liew Kai Bin , Elumalai Manogaran , Hanish Singh J. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Vorinostat is a histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) with anticancer properties. However, it is plagued by low water solubility, low permeability (BCS class IV drug), and suboptimal pharmacokinetics. The purpose of the present study was to develop a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) to enhance the oral bioavailability of vorinostat. Capryol 90, labrasol, and polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) were selected as oil phase, surfactant, and co-surfactant, respectively. The vorinostat self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems were tested for self-microemulsifying time, phase separation, effect of pH, droplet size, zeta potential, dilution study, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy analysis, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). A rat model in vivo pharmacokinetic study was conducted for the optimized formulation against vorinostat pure drug powder.

Results
The results from the characterization studies showed that the optimized formulation (F7) self-microemulsification time was 1.4 ± 0.05 min and no precipitation or phase separation was observed. The mean droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential of the optimized formulation (F7) were found to be 272.9 ± 82.7 nm, 0.415, and − 57.2 mV, respectively. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the optimized formulation (F7) showed a 1.6-fold increase in maximum concentration (Cmax) and a 3.6-fold increase in area under the curve (AUC(0−∞)), in comparison with pure drug in suspension.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that SMEDDS formulation could be an effective method for increasing the oral bioavailability of vorinostat, which is poorly water soluble.
Evaluation of Fetuin-A level in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Mostafa Esraa A. M. , AlShaarawy Buthayna A. I. , Abd El-Hamid Samar M. , Gamal Asmaa M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a micro-vascular consequence of diabetes mellitus (DM) that manifests clinically as retinal ischemia, neovascularization, altered retinal permeability, and macular edema. In the adult population, DR is now considered a leading cause of blindness. Fetuin-A is a multifunctional glycoprotein that, because of its dual role in insulin resistance and angiogenesis, could be an early trigger of DR pathogenesis.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the level of Fetuin-A in diabetic patients with and without retinopathy and demonstrate if it could be used as an early indicator of DR.

Patients and methods
A case–control study enrolled 45 participants selected from Al-Zahraa University Hospital, between March 2021 and October 2021, they were divided into three groups: Group 1: healthy control group (n=15); Group 2: type 2 diabetic patients without DR (n=15); and Group 3: type 2 diabetic patients with DR (n=15). All groups were age- and sex-matched and were investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to evaluate serum level of Fetuin-A.

Results
There was a highly significant difference of FBG, 2HPP, and HbA1c between the studied groups (p< 0.001), while there was no significant difference between the three studied groups regarding Fetuin-A. There were no significant correlation between Fetuin-A, glycemic parameters, and diabetic duration in Groups 2 and 3.

Conclusion
Fetuin-A has no significant role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.
Train rolling stock video segmentation and classification for bogie part inspection automation: a deep learning approach
Authors: Krishnamohan Kaja , Prasad Ch. Raghava , Kishore P. V. V. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTrain rolling stock examination (TRSE) is a physical procedure for inspecting the bogie parts during transit at a little over 30 kmph. Currently, this process is manually performed across many railway networks across the world. This work proposes to automate the process of TRSE using artificial intelligence techniques. The previous works have proposed active contour-based models for the segmentation of bogie parts. Though accurate, the models require manual intervention and are found to be iterative making them unsuitable for real-time operations. In this work, we propose a segmentation model followed by a deep learning classifier that can accurately increase the deployability of such systems in real time. We apply the UNet model for the segmentation of bogie parts which are further classified using an attention-based convolutional neural network (CNN) classifier. In this work, we propose a shape deformable attention model to identify shape variations occurring in the video sequence due to viewpoint changes during the train movement. The TRSNet is trained and tested on the high-speed train bogie videos captured across four different trains. The results of the experimentation have been shown to improve the recognition accuracy of the proposed system by 6% over the state-of-the-art classifiers previously developed for TRSE.
Metastatic Grade 3 Neuroendocrine Tumor in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 Expressing Somatostatin Receptors
Authors: Graf Akua , Welch James , Bansal Rashika , Mandl Adel , Parekh Vaishali I , Cochran Craig , Levy Elliot , Nilubol Naris , Patel Dhaval , Sadowski Samira , Jha Smita , Agarwal Sunita K , Millo Corina , Blau Jenny E , Simonds William F , Weinstein Lee S , Del Rivero Jaydira 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) may occur in 30% to 90% of patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1). However, only 1% of GEP-NETs are grade 3 (G3). Given the rarity of these aggressive tumors, treatment of advanced G3 GEP-NETs in MEN1 is based on the treatment guidelines for sporadic GEP-NETs. We report a 43-year-old male with germline MEN1 followed at our institution, with clinical features including hyperparathyroidism, a nonfunctional pancreatic NET, and Zollinger–Ellison syndrome. On routine surveillance imaging at age 40, computed tomography/positron emission tomography imaging showed 2 arterially enhancing intraluminal masses on the medial aspect of the gastric wall. Anatomical imaging confirmed 2 enhancing masses within the pancreas and a rounded mass-like thickening along the lesser curvature of the stomach. The gastric mass was resected, and pathology reported a well-differentiated G3 NET with a Ki-67 &gt;20%. The patient continued active surveillance. Eighteen months later cross-sectional imaging studies showed findings consistent with metastatic disease within the right hepatic lobe and bland embolization was done. On follow-up scans, including 68Ga-DOTATATE (68Ga-DOTA(0)-Tyr(3)-octreotate) imaging, interval increase in number and avidity of metastatic lesions were compatible with disease progression. Given a paucity of treatment recommendations for G3 tumors in MEN1, the patient was counseled based on standard NET treatment guidelines and recommended 177Lu-DOTATATE treatment. PRRT (peptide receptor radionuclide therapy) with 177Lu-DOTATATE (177Lu-tetraazacyclododecanetetraacetic acid-octreotide) is an important therapeutic modality for patients with somatostatin receptor–positive NETs. However, prospective studies are needed to understand the role of PRRT in G3 NETs.
Revisión de la infección oculta por el virus de la hepatitis B
Authors: Lalana Garcés Marta , Pastor Oihana Ortiz , Solé Enrech Gemma , Guerra-Ruiz Armando Raul , Mercadal Gregori Casals , Almería Lafuente Alejandro , Ballesteros Vizoso María Antonieta , Medina Pablo Gabriel , Salgüero Fernández Sergio , Zamora Trillo Angielys , Aured de la Serna Isabel , Hurtado Juan Carlos , Pérez-Del-Pulgar Sofía , Forns Xavier , Morales Ruiz Manuel 
Published: August 2022

Resumen

Introducción
El diagnóstico actual del virus de la hepatitis B (VHB) está basado en la detección mediante técnicas moleculares de ADN de VHB y ensayos serológicos, como el antígeno de superficie (HBsAg) y anticuerpos frente al core VHB (anti-HBc). Existe un grupo de pacientes con infección oculta de VHB (OBI) en los que estos ensayos no son capaces de detectar el HBsAg ni la cuantificación de ADN de VHB en sangre, aunque exista replicación activa en hígado.

Contenido
El documento define la OBI, y los métodos actuales para su diagnóstico. También aborda la detección de pacientes con factores de riesgo y la necesidad de realizar el cribado de OBI en ellos.

Resumen
Un correcto diagnóstico de OBI, previene la reactivación del VHB y su transmisión. El diagnóstico de OBI actualmente está basado en la detección de ADN de VHB en pacientes con HBsAg indetectable en sangre.

Perspectivas
Un número elevado de pacientes con OBI puede permanecer sin diagnosticar. Es importante realizar el cribado de OBI en determinados pacientes con factores de riesgo. La introducción de nuevos marcadores, como el HBsAg ultrasensible, y estudios más profundos de marcadores, como el ADNccc hepático, serán necesarios para un correcto diagnóstico de OBI.
Control of occult hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Lalana Garcés Marta , Ortiz Pastor Oihana , Solé Enrech Gemma , Guerra-Ruiz Armando R. , Casals Mercadal Gregori , Almería Lafuente Alejandro , Ballesteros Vizoso María Antonieta , Medina Pablo Gabriel , Salgüero Fernández Sergio , Zamora Trillo Angielys , Aured de la Serna Isabel , Hurtado Juan Carlos , Pérez-Del-Pulgar Sofía , Forns Xavier , Morales Ruiz Manuel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
The diagnosis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection requires HBV DNA testing and serologic testing for detection of the surface antigen (HBsAg) and the hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc). There is a population of patients with occult HBV infection (OBI), which is not detected by HBsAg or HBV DNA quantification in blood, despite the presence of active replication in the liver.

Scope
This document provides a definition of OBI and describes the diagnostic techniques currently used. It also addresses the detection of patients with risk factors and the need for screening for OBI in these patients.

Summary
Correct diagnosis of OBI prevents HBV reactivation and transmission. Diagnosis of OBI is based on the detection of HBV DNA in patients with undetectable HBsAg in blood.

Perspectives
A high number of patients with OBI may remain undiagnosed; therefore, screening for OBI in patients with factor risks is essential. For a correct diagnosis of OBI, it is necessary that new markers such as ultrasensitive HBsAg are incorporated, and a more comprehensive marker study is performed by including markers such as cccDNA.
Short-term biological variation of serum glial fibrillary acidic protein
Authors: Christensen Silje Hovden , Hviid Claus Vinter Bødker , Madsen Anne Tranberg , Parkner Tina , Winther-Larsen Anne 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is an emerging biomarker for intracerebral diseases and is approved for clinical use in traumatic brain injury. GFAP is also being investigated for several other applications, where the GFAP changes are not always outstanding. It is thus essential for the interpretation of GFAP to distinguish clinical relevant changes from natural occurring biological variation. This study aimed at estimating the biological variation of serum GFAP.

Methods
Apparently healthy subjects (n=33) had blood sampled for three consecutive days. On the second day, blood was also drawn every third hour from 9 AM to 9 PM. Serum GFAP was measured by Single Molecule Array (Simoa™). Components of biological variation were estimated in a linear mixed-effects model.

Results
The overall median GFAP value was 92.5 pg/mL (range 34.4–260.3 pg/mL). The overall within– (CVI) and between-subject variations (CVG) were 9.7 and 39.5%. The reference change value was 36.9% for an increase. No day-to-day variation was observed, however semidiurnal variation was observed with increasing GFAP values between 9 AM and 12 PM (p<0.00001) and decreasing from 12 to 9 PM (p<0.001).

Conclusions
Serum GFAP exhibits a relatively low CVI but a considerable CVG and a marked semidiurnal variation. This implies caution on the timing of blood sampling and when interpreting GFAP in relation to reference intervals, especially in conditions where only small GFAP differences are observed.
Fetal adrenal gland size and umbilical artery Doppler in growth-restricted fetuses
Authors: Oelmeier Kathrin , Möllers Mareike , Köster Helen A. , Willy Daniela , Bormann Eike , Braun Janina , Klockenbusch Walter , Schmitz Ralf 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
In fetal growth restriction (FGR), Doppler ultrasound is the most important method for the detection and management. However, additional parameters are needed to improve the distinction between constitutionally small fetuses and fetuses affected by FGR.

Methods
A total of 445 singleton pregnancies between 23 and 40 weeks of gestation were included in our retrospective study, of which 67 with FGR and 378 normal fetuses. A 2D-plane of the fetal adrenal gland was obtained and the adrenal gland ratio was measured. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was calculated to assess the association of fetal Doppler and adrenal gland ratio with outcome parameters. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the statistical significance of “PI of the umbilical artery” and “adrenal gland ratio” as prognostic factors for intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).

Results
PI of the umbilical artery was shown to correlate with outcome parameters (WG_Delivery: r=−0.125, p=0.008; birth weight: r=−0.268, p<0.001; birth weight centile: r=−0.248, p<0.001; APGAR at 5 min: r=−0.117, p=0.014). Adrenal gland ratio showed no correlation with any of the outcome parameters. In logistic regression however, both PI of the umbilical artery and the adrenal ratio were shown to be significantly associated with fetal IUGR. When combining the two parameters, predictive value was superior to the predictive value of each individual parameter (AUC 0.738 [95% CI 0.670; 0.806]).

Conclusions
The adrenal gland ratio can be a useful addition to Doppler ultrasound when it comes to the detection of fetal FGR. Prospective studies are needed to establish references ranges and cut-off values for clinical decision-making.
Maternal race/ethnicity impacts the success rates of external cephalic version (ECV) in the United States
Authors: Gobioff Samantha , Eliner Yael , Lenchner Erez , Grünebaum Amos , Ferber Asaf , Chervenak Frank A. , Bornstein Eran 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Racial and ethnic disparities in obstetrics are prevalent in the United States (US). We aimed to assess whether the success rate of external cephalic version (ECV) is affected by maternal race/ethnicity.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis based on the CDC Natality Live Birth database for 2016–2018. We compared the success rates of ECV across US pregnant women of different racial/ethnic groups (non-Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Blacks, non-Hispanic Asians, and Hispanics) using the Pearson chi-square test and used multivariate logistic regression to control for confounding variables. Statistical signiciance was determined as p<0.05 and results were displayed as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).

Results
Of the 11,150,527 births, 26,255 women underwent an ECV and met inclusion criteria. The overall ECV success rate was 52.75% (13,850 women). Non-Hispanic Blacks had the highest ECV success rate (64.52%), followed by Hispanics (59.21%) and non-Hispanic Asians (55.51%). These rates were significantly higher than those of non-Hispanic Whites (49.27%, p<0.001). Non-Hispanic Blacks were associated with the highest success rate compared to non-Hispanic Whites (adjusted OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.77–2.15).

Conclusions
The success rate of ECV varies among different maternal racial/ethnic groups. Non-Hispanic White women have the lowest ECV success rate, while non-Hispanic Black women have the highest ECV success rate.
Polish language of the Polish minority in Daugavpils, Latvia. Comparative analysis of two idiolects
Authors: Golachowska Ewa , Ostrówka Małgorzata 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article is based on texts recorded during field studies carried out in Daugavpils in the summer of 2019. It compares the language of two representatives of older-generation intelligentsia and juxtaposes the findings with materials from an unpublished doctoral thesis by Małgorzata OstrówkaWspółczesna polszczyzna mówiona na Łotwie(“Contemporary Spoken Polish Language in Latvia”). The author collected her material in the 1990s. In this article we describe both the contemporary and past sociolinguistic situation highlighting changes that occurred in the Polish language.
Crystal structures of sildenafil compounds with nitrate and di(citrato)zinc counterions
Authors: Yunuskhodjayev Akhmatkhodja N. , Iskandarova Shokhista F. , Komilov Jasur B. , Sabirov Vahobjon Kh. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The crystal structures of sildenafil nitrate trihydrate, (HSild)NO3·3H2O (1), and of the complex salt [Zn(HCit)2]⋅(H2Sild)2·2EtOH·6H2O (2) (where Sild = sildenafil, (HSild) and (H2Sild) are the mono and doubly charged sildenafil captions, and HCit is the triply deprotonated citric acid) have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compounds have been characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and the cations studied by Hirshfeld surfaces calculations. In compound 2, the Zn atom is octahedrally coordinated by two tridentate citrate anions. Doubly charged (H2Sild)2+ cations, solvate EtOH and water molecules of crystallization fill the voids of the crystal structure.
Electric Control System of Smart City Marine Garbage Cleaning Robot Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Xu Tao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The problem of water resource security is closely related to human life. How to maintain the safety of water resources and timely clean up water pollutants has become the focus of human attention at this stage. The ocean is an important source of water resources, and marine garbage cleaning is very important. This study will analyze and design an electronic control system of a garbage cleaning robot by a deep learning algorithm. The experimental results show that the access of maximum power point tracking equipment is conducive to maintaining the functional stability of the robot power supply system in different environments; the solar cell maintains the maximum output power and prolongs the robot’s endurance time; and the target recognition algorithm based on deep learning can achieve 95 % accuracy rate, 1.25 % false alarm rate, and 5 % false alarm rate respectively, which has high reliability. When people identify and locate the three places and collect garbage, the azimuth error is 8.4 %, 4.6 %, and 3.0 %, and the distance error is 5.6 %, 4.9 %, and 11.1 %, respectively. In conclusion, the electric control system can guide the robot to complete the task of marine garbage cleaning. It is hoped that the research results can provide help for the development of a marine garbage cleaning robot.
ПРИЕМКА И ЭКСПЕРТИЗА РЕЗУЛЬТАТОВ ИСПОЛНЕНИЯ КОНТРАКТА ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫХ ЗАКУПОК: ОБЗОР ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ И ПРАКТИКА ИХ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ
Authors: Голощапова Людмила Вячеславовна , Зацаринная Елена Ивановна 
Published: August 2022

Цель статьи заключается в обзоре и оценке основных изменений, происходящих в сфере закупочной деятельности. В настоящее время происходит активное внедрение цифровизации в экономические аспекты реализации приемки и экспертизы исполнения контракта государственных закупок, которая согласно изменениям прежде всего направлена на упрощение и ускорение освоения бюджетных ресурсов государственных учреждений. В работе приводятся основные разделы по изменившимся критериям в законе №44-ФЗ с 01.01.2022 г., а также даны разъяснения к изменяющимся характеристикам в вопросах приемки и экспертизы результатов исполнения контракта государственных закупок.
Методология. Методологическую базу исследования представляют общенаучные методы: анализ, обобщение, приемы систематизации и классификации в условиях изменяющейся нормативно-правовой среды.
Результаты исследования. В результате исследования нами были обобщены основные изменения и даны комментарии по характеристикам обновлений в законе №44-ФЗ в 2022 г., оценены скорректированные обязанности заказчика в закупках, проведена оценка упразднённых обязанностей заказчика в закупках, рассмотрен практический пример формирования локального акта на предприятии «Приказ о создании приемочной комиссии» для условий выполнения нормативно-правового регулирования закона №44-ФЗ в период вступления новых условий с 01.01.2022 г. В исследовании предложен практический обзор основных направлений коррекции локальной документации заказчика государственной закупки при формировании экспертной комиссии с учетом последних изменений, рассмотрен механизм осуществления контроля в госзакупках, а в резюмирующей части исследования обобщен и систематизирован подход и освещен механизм формирования заключения эксперта по госзакупкам, в котором делается вывод о соответствии, несоответствии или частичном соответствии поставленного товара.
Перспективы исследования. Перспективу исследования составляет продолжение сбора, анализа новой и имеющейся мониторинговой, нормативно-правовой, экономической информации с целью выявления тенденций, трендов трансформации приемно-экспертной деятельности в сфере государственных закупок после вступления в силу изменений в законе №44-ФЗ с 01.01.2022 г.
ОСНОВНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ЗЕМЕЛЬНО-ИПОТЕЧНОГО КРЕДИТОВАНИЯ В АГРАРНОМ СЕКТОРЕ ЭКОНОМИКИ
Authors: Долматова Людмила Георгиевна , Мамадиев Алик Хожахметович 
Published: August 2022

Целью исследования является анализ основных аспектов развития земельно-ипотечного кредитования в агропромышленном комплексе Российской Федерации и его отраслях в условиях формирования новых экономических отношений и предпринимательской инициативы в аграрном секторе, а также основные критерии и принципы управления земельными активами. В странах с развитой рыночной экономикой земельная ипотека традиционно служит одним из важнейших инструментов обеспечения нормального функционирования кредитного механизма, надежной гарантией прав и законных интересов кредиторов.
Методологическую базу исследования представляют базисные положения в области банковского дела, ипотечного кредитования, а также законодательные и нормативно-правовые документы, регулирующие порядок кредитования, ипотеку и операции с земельными участками. К используемым научным методам относятся сравнительный, причинно-следственный и статистический анализ.
Результаты исследования. В результате всестороннего анализа системы земельно-ипотечного кредитования и принципов управления земельными активами в аграрном секторе экономики было выявлено, что основная особенность, отличающая данную систему от других видов ипотечного кредита, заключается в предмете залога. Залоговый потенциал для целей ипотеки в основном составляют земельные участки сельскохозяйственного назначения с особым правовым режимом использования и охраны, присущим этой категории земель. В этом случае важно соблюдать целевое назначение земельных участков. Исходя из мировой практики в области инвестирования видно, что земельно-ипотечное кредитование способно привлечь значительный объём внебюджетных инвестиций в экономику АПК и способствовать успешному развитию всех организационно-правовых форм сельскохозяйственных предприятий.
Перспективы исследования заключаются в развитии направлений системы земельно-ипотечного кредитования с учётом современных экономических механизмов, представляющих собой совокупность институтов и способов реализации особой формы кредитных отношений, которая обеспечивает передачу ресурсов на ипотечном рынке от кредиторов к заемщикам под залог земли с активным участием инфраструктурных элементов.