bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trend in 167 cases of minors witnessing violence: The role played by COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Focardi Martina , Grassi Simone , Raddi Silvia , Rosati Maria Elena , Cazzato Francesca , D’Onofrio Paola , Doretti Vittoria , Bianchi Ilenia , Vetrugno Giuseppe , Oliva Antonio , Pinchi Vilma 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundThere currently is no evidence that COVID-19 has had an impact on the rates of psychological abuses occurring when a minor witnesses interpersonal violence.AimOur aim was to describe the accesses of the last four years to the Emergency Department of a tertiary hospital (Careggi University Hospital—Florence, Italy) due to this issue and then to evaluate whether the COVID-19 has had an impact on this trend.MethodsWe collected data regarding cases of abuse in which at least a minor had reportedly witnessed the event. Medical records stored between January 1, 2018 to January 1, 2022 were analyzed, extracting sex, age and nationality of the victim; sex of the perpetrator and relationship with the victim; known previous episodes of abuse in the medical history of the victim; setting of the abuse (domestic vs. non-domestic); type of abuse (physical, psychological, sexual); whether the perpetrator was under the influence of alcohol/drugs; whether the victim was hospitalized; prognosis of the victim; number, relation with the victim and involvement in the abuse (as co-victim) of the minor(s) who witnessed the abuse.ResultsA total of 167 eligible cases were registered. 69% of victims had previous episodes of abuse. The perpetrators were all known and mainly males (96%).The abuses were mainly domestic (79%). In 74% of the cases only a type of violence was perpetrated. In 12% of the cases, the minors were also victims of physical abuse. No statistically significant relationships were found between the start of the COVID-19 pandemic and the changes in the number of cases of domestic abuse (p = 0.07), physical abuse (p = 0.62), psychological abuse (p = 0.83) or sexual abuse (p = 0.88). However, during the institutional lockdown in Italy (March-May 2022) only two cases occurred – a number that did not allow period-specific statistical inference.ConclusionsEmpowering the hospital policies specifically aimed at identifying and protecting the victims of violence/witnessed violence remains a critical goal from both a public health and medico-legal point of view.
Mingmu Xiaoyao granules regulate the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway to reduce anxiety and depression and reverse retinal abnormalities in rats
Authors: Ma Qiuyan , Zhou Jian , Yang Ziyi , Xue Yuxin , Xie Xinran , Li Tiejun , Yang Yingxin 
Published: October 2022

Objective: To investigate the effects of Mingmu Xiaoyao granules (MMXY) on the morphology and function of the retina and the mechanism of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway-related proteins in rats with anxiety and depression induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS).Methods: Fifty-two male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated to either a control (n = 14) or a simulated CUMS group (n = 38). The CUMS model was established successfully at 4 weeks. Six rats in each group were randomly selected to be sacrificed and their retinas isolated for histological examination. At 5 weeks, rats in the CUMS group were randomly allocated to the following groups: Model (CUMS + pure water), MMXY-H (CUMS + MMXY 7.2 g/kg/d), MMXY-L (CUMS + MMXY 3.6 g/kg/d), and CBZ (CUMS + Carbamazepine 20 mg/kg/d), with eight rats in each group. All rats were given the relevant intervention once a day. At 12 weeks, sucrose preference and open field tests were performed to evaluate the anxiety and depression status of rats. In live rats, optical coherence tomography angiography was used to measure retinal thickness and blood flow, while electroretinograms (ERGs) and visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were used to evaluate retinal function. The next day, the specimens were sacrificed for serological, histological, immunofluorescence, Western blot and transmission electron microscopy examinations to explore the mechanism of MMXY in CUMS rats.Results: MMXY improved the anxiety and depression-like behavior of rats. Results of optical coherence tomography angiography showed that MMXY improved retinal inner thickness and blood flow in CUMS rats. MMXY improved the amplitude of a- and b-waves in the scotopic and photopic ERG, as well as N2 and P2 peak time and amplitude in the flash-VEP in CUMS rats. Retinal histological staining and transmission electron microscopy showed that MMXY reversed retinal morphology and ultrastructure in CUMS rats. MMXY reduced the expression of Beclin1 and LC3I/II proteins, regulated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, inhibited autophagy, and had a protective effect on the retina in CUMS rats.Conclusion: MMXY may effectively improve retinal morphology and function as well as anxiety and depression-like behaviors in CUMS rats by regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
Predictive performance and verification of physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of propylthiouracil
Authors: Shen Chaozhuang , Liang Dahu , Wang Xiaohu , Shao Wenxin , Geng Kuo , Wang Xingwen , Sun Hua , Xie Haitang 
Published: October 2022

Background: Propylthiouracil (PTU) treats hyperthyroidism and thyroid crisis in all age groups. A variety of serious adverse effects can occur during clinical use and require attention to its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics in various populations.Objective: To provide information for individualized dosing and clinical evaluation of PTU in the clinical setting by developing a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model, predicting ADME characteristics, and extrapolating to elderly and pediatric populations.Methods: Relevant databases and literature were retrieved to collect PTU’s pharmacochemical properties and ADME parameters, etc. A PBPK model for adults was developed using PK-Sim® software to predict tissue distribution and extrapolated to elderly and pediatric populations. The mean fold error (MFE) method was used to compare the differences between predicted and observed values to assess the accuracy of the PBPK model. The model was validated using PTU pharmacokinetic data in healthy adult populations.Result: The MFE ratios of predicted to observed values of AUC0-t, Cmax, and Tmax were mainly within 0.5 and 2. PTU concentrations in various tissues are lower than venous plasma concentrations. Compared to healthy adults, the pediatric population requires quantitative adjustment to the appropriate dose to achieve the same plasma exposure levels, while the elderly do not require dose adjustments.Conclusion: The PBPK model of PTU was successfully developed, externally validated, and applied to tissue distribution prediction and special population extrapolation, which provides a reference for clinical individualized drug administration and evaluation.
In vitro effects of European and Latin-American medicinal plants in CYP3A4 gene expression, glutathione levels, and P-glycoprotein activity
Authors: Mazzari Andre Luis Dias Araujo , Lacerda Mariella Guimarães , Milton Flora Aparecida , Mulin Montechiari Machado João Augusto , Sinoti Simone Batista Pires , Toullec Anne-Soulene , Rodrigues Patricia Marquez , Neves Francisco de Assis Rocha , Simeoni Luiz Alberto , Silveira Dâmaris , Prieto Jose Maria 
Published: October 2022

Many medicinal plants species from European -such as Artemisia absinthium, Equisetum arvense, Lamium album, Malva sylvestris, Morus nigra, Passiflora incarnata, Frangula purshiana, and Salix alba- as well as Latin American traditions -such as Libidibia ferrea, Bidens pilosa, Casearia sylvestris, Costus spicatus, Monteverdia ilicifolia, Persea americana, Schinus terebinthifolia, Solidago chilensis, Syzygium cumini, Handroanthus impetiginosus, and Vernonanthura phosphorica- are shortlisted by the Brazilian National Health System for future clinical use. However, they lack many data on their action upon some key ADME targets. In this study, we assess non-toxic concentrations (up to100 μg/ml) of their infusions for in vitro ability to modulate CYP3A4 mRNA gene expression and intracellular glutathione levels in HepG2 cells, as well as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity in vincristine-resistant Caco-2 cells (Caco-2 VCR). We further investigated the activation of human pregnane X receptor (hPXR) in transiently co-transfected HeLa cells and the inhibition of Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) in HepG2 cells. Our results demonstrate L. ferrea, C. sylvestris, M. ilicifolia, P. americana, S. terebinthifolia, S. cumini, V. phosphorica, E. arvense, P. incarnata, F. purshiana, and S. alba can significantly increase CYP3A4 mRNA gene expression in HepG2 cells. Only F. purshiana shown to do so likely via hPXR activation. P-gp activity was affected by L. ferrea, F. purshiana, S. terebinthifolia, and S. cumini. Total intracellular glutathione levels were significantly depleted by exposure to all extracts except S. alba and S. cumini This was accompanied by a lower GGT activity in the case of C. spicatus, P. americana, S. alba, and S. terebinthifolia, whilst L. ferrea, P. incarnata and F. purshiana increased it. Surprisingly, S. cumini aqueous extract drastically decreased GGT activity (−48%, p &lt; 0.01). In conclusion, this preclinical study shows that the administration of some of these herbal medicines causes in vitro disturbances to key drug metabolism mechanisms. We recommend active pharmacovigilance for Libidibia ferrea (Mart.) L. P. Queiroz, Frangula purshiana Cooper, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi, and Salix alba L. which were able to alter all targets in our preclinical study.
Study on the vasodilatory activity of lotus leaf extract and its representative substance nuciferine on thoracic aorta in rats
Authors: Deng Hao , Xu Qian , Sang Xiao-Tong , Huang Xing , Jin Li-Li , Chen Fen-Er , Shen Qing-Kun , Quan Zhe-Shan , Cao Li-Hua 
Published: October 2022

Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) leaves are widely used for both edible and medicinal applications. For its further utilization, we studied the vasodilatory activity of lotus leaf extract for the first time. In this study, we obtained the extracts using different ratios of water and ethanol, which was followed by polarity-dependent extraction. We found that the CH2Cl2 layer exhibited better vasodilatory activity (EC50 = 1.21 ± 0.10 μg/ml). HPLC and ESI-HRMS analysis of the CH2Cl2 layer using the standard product as a control revealed that nuciferine (Emax = 97.95 ± 0.76%, EC50 = 0.36 ± 0.02 μM) was the main component in this layer. Further research revealed that nuciferine exerts a multi-target synergistic effect to promote vasodilation, via the NO signaling pathway, K+ channel, Ca2+ channel, intracellular Ca2+ release, α and β receptors, etc. Nuciferine exhibits good vasodilatory activity, and it exhibits the potential to be utilized as a lead compound.
The efficacy and safety of intralesional injection of collagenase Clostridium histolyticum for Peyronie’s disease: A meta-analysis of published prospective studies
Authors: Zhang Fuxun , Xiong Yang , Wang Wei , Wu Changjing , Qin Feng , Yuan Jiuhong 
Published: October 2022

Background: Peyronie’s disease (PD) is a progressive fibrotic disorder of the penis that is adverse to men’s health. Currently, effective and reliable non-surgical options for PD are limited. Since the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved it in 2013, intralesional injection of collagenase Clostridium histolyticum (CCH) became the only licensed treatment for PD. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of CCH in treating PD, predominantly based on post-FDA studies.Methods: The primary outcome was clinical efficacy evaluated by the percentages of improvement in penile curvature (PC) and Peyronie’s disease symptom bother score (PD bother score). The secondary outcome was the safety assessed by treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). Heterogeneity was assessed by Cochran’s Q and I2 tests. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed to explore the source of heterogeneity. Funnel plots and Egger’s test were used to evaluate the publication bias.Results: A total of 11 studies with 1,480 intentions to treat (ITT) population were included. The pooled effect of the improvement of PC was 35% (95% CI: 0.33–0.38), and the pooled improvement of the PD bother score was 41% (95% CI: 0.37–0.45). No heterogeneity was found at the pooled improvement of PC (p = 0.845, I2 = 0.00%). Meanwhile, some heterogeneity existed in the pooled improvement of the PD bother score (p = 0.069, I2 = 43.4%). The pooled effect of TRAEs was 93% (95% CI 0.88–0.97) with significant heterogeneity (p &lt; 0.000, I2 = 92.3%).Conclusion: The intralesional injection of CCH could significantly improve the penile deformity of PD patients. Meanwhile, CCH appears to ameliorate the PD bother score to some extent and has acceptable clinical safety. Future studies are required to clarify the long-term outcomes of CCH injection in the treatment of PD.
Associations between the use of aspirin or other antiplatelet drugs and all-cause mortality among patients with COVID-19: A meta-analysis
Authors: Su Wanting , Miao He , Guo Zhaotian , Chen Qianhui , Huang Tao , Ding Renyu 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Whether aspirin or other antiplatelet drugs can reduce mortality among patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) remains controversial.Methods: We identified randomized controlled trials, prospective cohort studies, and retrospective studies on associations between aspirin or other antiplatelet drug use and all-cause mortality among patients with COVID-19 in the PubMed database between March 2019 and September 2021. Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool were used to assess the risk of bias. The I2 statistic was used to assess inconsistency among trial results. The summary risk ratio (RR) and odds ratio (OR) were obtained through the meta-analysis.Results: The 34 included studies comprised three randomized controlled trials, 27 retrospective studies, and 4 prospective cohort studies. The retrospective and prospective cohort studies showed low-to-moderate risks of bias per the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale score, while the randomized controlled trials showed low-to-high risks of bias per the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. The randomized controlled trials showed no significant effect of aspirin use on all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19 {risk ratio (RR), 0.96 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.90–1.03]}. In retrospective studies, aspirin reduced all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19 by 20% [odds ratio (OR), 0.80 (95% CI 0.70–0.93)], while other antiplatelet drugs had no significant effects. In prospective cohort studies, aspirin decreased all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19 by 15% [OR, 0.85 (95% CI 0.80–0.90)].Conclusion: The administration of aspirin may reduce all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19.
Impact of the expert consensus on polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medication use in elderly lung cancer outpatients with multimorbidity: An interrupted time series analysis, 2016–2021
Authors: Tian Fangyuan , Chen Zhaoyan , Tang Rui , Feng Qiyi , Wu Fengbo 
Published: October 2022

Objectives: Elderly lung cancer patients often have chronic diseases other than lung cancer. Therefore, this kind of population is often accompanied by polypharmacy. This situation and the resulting potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use are an increasing global concern. In this context, the Chinese Association of Geriatric Research issued an expert consensus on the safety management of polypharmacy. However, the long- and short-term effects of the expert consensus on polypharmacy and PIM use are not clear.Methods: The study was conducted in Chengdu, a city in southwestern China, consisting of prescriptions for elderly lung cancer outpatients with multimorbidity (cancer with other diseases) from January 2016 to December 2021. The 2019 Beers criteria were used to evaluate PIM use, and interrupted time series analysis was used to evaluate the longitudinal effectiveness of expert consensus by measuring the prevalence of polypharmacy and PIM use. We used R software version 4.2.0 for data analysis.Results: A total of 7,238 elderly lung cancer outpatient prescriptions were included in the study. After the publication of the expert consensus, the level (β = -10.273, P &lt; 0.001) of the prevalence of polypharmacy decreased, but the trend (β = 0.158, p = 0.855) of polypharmacy increased. The prevalence of PIM use decreased abruptly (β = -22.828, p &lt; 0.001) after the intervention, but the long-term trend was still upward (β = 0.907, p = 0.916).Conclusion: The long-term effects of the publication of the expert consensus on the prevalence of polypharmacy and PIM use in hospitals in Chengdu were not optimal. Future research on interventions rationing polypharmacy and PIM use is needed.
The psycho-lexical structure of sports culture
Authors: Guo Yuanbing , Ye Na , Hong Xiaobin , Wang Wenjing 
Published: October 2022

The psycho-lexical approach can be effectively used to explore the structure of sports culture. Based on a lexical list of adjective vocabulary reflecting sports culture and through an item analysis, 87 discriminating objectives were selected representing sports culture.ObjectiveTo explore the structure of sports culture from the objectives lexicons.MethodsItem analysis and factor analysis were adopted to abstract the structure of sports culture.ResultsThrough a principal component analysis, a structure of six factors including extroversion-activity, diligence-progression, experience, independence-excellence, enjoyment, and body culture was extracted. Through a second-order factor analysis, a psychological structure of sports culture consisting of six dimensions and 12 factors was extracted, and result of the reliability analysis revealed good Cronbach α coefficient and test–retest reliability coefficient.ConclusionThe psycho-lexical structure of sports culture can be used to understand structure of sports culture.
Shame and guilt in the suicidality related to traumatic events: A systematic literature review
Authors: Ollivier Flavie , Soubelet Andréa , Duhem Stéphane , Thümmler Susanne 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundShame and guilt are involved in suicidality and in post-traumatic stress disorder. However, few studies have explored the implication of those emotions in the suicidality of patients exposed to traumatic events.ObjectiveThe objective of this literature review was to examine the implication of shame and guilt in the suicidality of individuals who have experienced potentially traumatic events or been diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder. These two emotions are part of post-traumatic stress disorder and suicidality. Moreover, when individuals perceive that their coping strategies are inadequate, they may view suicide as a relief from suffering.MethodThis review was conducted according to PRISMA method. We used combinations of search words for traumatization, suicide ideation and behavior and shame and guilt to search for empirical studies in common databases in psychology and medicine.ResultsAmong 137 identified articles, 9 full texts were retained. Results suggest that shame and guilt were involved in all aspects of suicidality in patients who had experienced traumatic events or been diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder. The degree of shame and guilt differed with the type of traumatic event, notably affecting individuals who had experienced military combat, physical or sexual abuse, or emotional or physical neglect.ConclusionShame and guilt are implicated in suicide's risk. Future research is now needed to determine whether greater attention to these two emotions would enhance our understanding and anticipation of suicidal behavior in those who have experienced a potentially traumatic event or been diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder.
One vaccine to counter many diseases? Modeling the economics of oral polio vaccine against child mortality and COVID-19
Authors: Chang Angela Y. , Aaby Peter , Avidan Michael S. , Benn Christine S. , Bertozzi Stefano M. , Blatt Lawrence , Chumakov Konstantin , Khader Shabaana A. , Kottilil Shyam , Nekkar Madhav , Netea Mihai G. , Sparrow Annie , Jamison Dean T. 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionRecent reviews summarize evidence that some vaccines have heterologous or non-specific effects (NSE), potentially offering protection against multiple pathogens. Numerous economic evaluations examine vaccines' pathogen-specific effects, but less than a handful focus on NSE. This paper addresses that gap by reporting economic evaluations of the NSE of oral polio vaccine (OPV) against under-five mortality and COVID-19.Materials and methodsWe studied two settings: (1) reducing child mortality in a high-mortality setting (Guinea-Bissau) and (2) preventing COVID-19 in India. In the former, the intervention involves three annual campaigns in which children receive OPV incremental to routine immunization. In the latter, a susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered model was developed to estimate the population benefits of two scenarios, in which OPV would be co-administered alongside COVID-19 vaccines. Incremental cost-effectiveness and benefit-cost ratios were modeled for ranges of intervention effectiveness estimates to supplement the headline numbers and account for heterogeneity and uncertainty.ResultsFor child mortality, headline cost-effectiveness was $650 per child death averted. For COVID-19, assuming OPV had 20% effectiveness, incremental cost per death averted was $23,000–65,000 if it were administered simultaneously with a COVID-19 vaccine &lt;200 days into a wave of the epidemic. If the COVID-19 vaccine availability were delayed, the cost per averted death would decrease to $2600–6100. Estimated benefit-to-cost ratios vary but are consistently high.DiscussionEconomic evaluation suggests the potential of OPV to efficiently reduce child mortality in high mortality environments. Likewise, within a broad range of assumed effect sizes, OPV (or another vaccine with NSE) could play an economically attractive role against COVID-19 in countries facing COVID-19 vaccine delays.FundingThe contribution by DTJ was supported through grants from Trond Mohn Foundation (BFS2019MT02) and Norad (RAF-18/0009) through the Bergen Center for Ethics and Priority Setting.