bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Performance Organic Electrochemical Transistors and Neuromorphic Devices Comprising Naphthalenediimide‐Dialkoxybithiazole Copolymers Bearing Glycol Ether Pendant Groups
Authors: Zhang Yanxi , Ye Gang , van der Pol Tom P. A. , Dong Jingjin , van Doremaele Eveline R. W. , Krauhausen Imke , Liu Yuru , Gkoupidenis Paschalis , Portale Giuseppe , Song Jun , Chiechi Ryan C. , van de Burgt Yoeri 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOrganic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have emerged as building blocks for low power circuits, biosensors, and neuromorphic computing. While p‐type polymer materials for OECTs are well developed, the choice of high‐performance n‐type polymers is limited, despite being essential for cation and metabolite biosensors, and crucial for constructing complementary circuits. N‐type conjugated polymers that have efficient ion‐to‐electron transduction are highly desired for electrochemical applications. In this contribution, three non‐fused, planar naphthalenediimide (NDI)‐dialkoxybithiazole (2Tz) copolymers, which systematically increase the amount of polar tri(ethylene glycol) (TEG) side chains: PNDI2OD‐2Tz (0 TEG), PNDIODTEG‐2Tz (1 TEG), PNDI2TEG‐2Tz (2 TEG), are reported. It is demonstrated that the OECT performance increases with the number of TEG side chains resulting from the progressively higher hydrophilicity and larger electron affinities. Benefiting from the high electron mobility, excellent ion conduction capability, efficient ion‐to‐electron transduction, and low‐lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level, the 2 TEG polymer achieves close to 105 on‐off ratio, fast switching, 1000 stable operation cycles in aqueous electrolyte, and has a long shelf life. Moreover, the higher number TEG chain substituted polymer exhibits good conductance state retention over two orders of magnitudes in electrochemical resistive random‐access memory devices, highlighting its potential for neuromorphic computing.
Chemical Potential Switching of the Anomalous Hall Effect in an Ultrathin Noncollinear Antiferromagnetic Metal
Authors: Qin Peixin , Yan Han , Fan Benshu , Feng Zexin , Zhou Xiaorong , Wang Xiaoning , Chen Hongyu , Meng Ziang , Duan Wenhui , Tang Peizhe , Liu Zhiqi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe discovery of the anomalous Hall effect in noncollinear antiferromagnetic metals represents one of the most important breakthroughs for the emergent antiferromagnetic spintronics. The tuning of chemical potential has been an important theoretical approach to varying the anomalous Hall conductivity, but the direct experimental demonstration has been challenging owing to the large carrier density of metals. In this work, an ultrathin noncollinear antiferromagnetic Mn3Ge film is fabricated and its carrier density is modulated by ionic liquid gating. Via a small voltage of ≈3 V, its carrier density is altered by ≈90% and, accordingly, the anomalous Hall effect is completely switched off. This work thus creates an attractive new way to steering the anomalous Hall effect in noncollinear antiferromagnets.
A Simple Strategy to Realize Super Stable Ferroelectric Capacitor via Interface Engineering
Authors: Kim Hyo‐Bae , Dae Kyun Seong , Oh Youkyoung , Lee Seung‐Won , Lee Yoseop , Ahn Seung‐Eon , Jang Jae Hyuck , Ahn Ji‐Hoon 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFluorite‐structure ferroelectric thin films have been extensively studied as promising candidates for next‐generation non‐volatile memory. However, these ferroelectric thin films have fatal issues such as the irregular formation of the ferroelectric phase, low cycling endurance, and wake‐up and fatigue during endurance cycling tests. These problems are reportedly caused by oxygen vacancies, which form due to the interface reaction between the thin films and bottom electrodes during deposition and the post‐annealing process. Therefore, in this work, the enhanced ferroelectric characteristics of Hf1‐xZrxO2 thin films that control the oxygen vacancies in thin films through interfacial pretreatment are investigated. Interfacial treatment using an oxygen source can reduce oxygen vacancies and improve crystallinity through intentional oxidation of the bottom electrode. As a result, the remanent polarization value is increased by ≈1.6 times by applying the optimized pretreatment condition, and the measured 2Pr is a very high value of 73 µC cm−2. Furthermore, it exhibits very stable ferroelectric properties without a wake‐up effect or significant fatigue, up to 108 cycles even under a severe electric field of 3.5 MV cm−1. This simple strategy provides a new avenue to effectively improve the performance and cycling endurance of devices with ferroelectric thin films.
AC‐Driven Ultraviolet‐C Electroluminescence from an All‐Solution‐Processed CaSiO3:Pr3+ Thin Film Based on a Metal‐Oxide‐Semiconductor Structure
Authors: Afandi Mohammad M. , Kang Hyeonwoo , Kang Taewook , Park Jehong , Kim Jongsu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn ultraviolet (UV) light source is continuously required for applications of sterilization as well as industrial value. In particular, research on materials and devices emitting UV‐C radiation in the range from 210 to 280 nm is very meaningful and challenging work. Herein, UV‐C electroluminescence (EL) from an all‐solution processed CaSiO3:Pr3+ (CSO) thin film is reported for the first time. The CSO thin film is formed on a Si substrate (size of 13 × 13 mm2), and structurally, the UV‐C EL device has a metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (MOS) shape consisting of CSO and interlayered SiOx of 100 and 150 nm thickness, respectively, on Si. The emission and electrical properties of the UV‐C EL device are investigated under an alternating current system. The results reveal UV‐C emission peaking at 276 nm attributed to the 4f5d‐3H(F)j transition of Pr3+ ions within CSO, with a maximum output optical power of 8.37 µW cm−2 (power efficiency of 0.15%) at an operating voltage of 40 Vop (50 Hz). The work can provide a feasible method for realizing large‐area UV‐C‐emitting devices based on the MOS structure.
Robotic Hair with Rich Sensation and Piloerection Functionalities Biomimicked by Stimuli‐Responsive Materials
Authors: Wu Runni , Kwan Kin Wa , Lin He , Li Pu , Long Xia , Yang Shihe , Ngan Alfonso Hing Wan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLiving organisms are imparted with compact intelligence in which a myriad of functionalities are delivered by highly integrated and demodularized subunits, as in the case of the mammalian skin in which different embedding stimuli‐receptors and follicles work together to provide rich sensation for temperature and tactility, as well as the visible and regulatory response of hair erection via the arrector pili muscle. A breakthrough in robotics is to create similar intelligence using emerging stimuli‐responsive materials. Here, a thin film composite comprising a transition metal oxide/hydroxide layer for sensation and high‐performing actuation under environmental stimuli including visible light, humidity, and temperature, and a graphene‐based layer for feedback strain sensing, is developed to demonstrate such an approach of robotics. The system is used to construct robotic hair that mimics well mammalian hair in functionality, and devices for sensing objects for their effective manipulation. This research opens a “material intelligence” approach for robotics.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Hydroacylation of Vinylethylene Carbonates for Regioselective Ester Synthesis
Authors: Gong Fei‐Yuan , Guo Gui‐Li , Chang Zhi‐Xin , Lu Xue‐Ming , Wang Fu‐Gang , Wang Lei , Li Hong‐Shuang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA rhodium(I)‐catalyzed decarboxylative hydroacylation of readily available vinylethylene carbonates with salicylaldehydes for regioselective preparation of esters was developed. Reaction optimization revealed that methacrylamide might promote the hydroacylation by bidentate chelation assistance to the cationic rhodium. Mechanistic findings suggested that this one‐pot coupling reaction proceeds via Markovnikov hydrorhodation‐initiated site‐selective β‐C−O bond cleavage with concurrent release of CO2.magnified image
Wirelessly Activated Nanotherapeutics for In Vivo Programmable Photodynamic‐Chemotherapy of Orthotopic Bladder Cancer
Authors: Sun Bowen , Bte Rahmat Juwita Norasmara , Kim Han Joon , Mahendran Ratha , Esuvaranathan Kesavan , Chiong Edmund , Ho John S. , Neoh Koon Gee , Zhang Yong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPhotochemical internalization (PCI) is a promising intervention using photodynamic therapy (PDT) to enhance the activity of chemotherapeutic drugs. However, current bladder cancer treatments involve high‐dose chemotherapy and high‐irradiance PDT which cause debilitating side effects. Moreover, low penetration of light and drugs in target tissues and cumbersome light delivery procedures hinder the clinical utility of PDT and chemotherapy combination for PCI. To circumvent these challenges, a photodynamic‐chemotherapy approach is developed comprising tumor‐targeting glycosylated nanocarriers, coloaded with chlorin e6 (Ce6) and gemcitabine elaidate (GemE), and a miniaturized implantable wirelessly powered light‐emitting diode (LED) as a light source. The device successfully delivers four weekly light doses to the bladder while the nanocarrier promoted the specific accumulation of drugs in tumors. This approach facilitates the combination of low‐irradiance PDT (1 mW cm−2) and low‐dose chemotherapy (≈1500× lower than clinical dose) which significantly cures and controls orthotopic disease burden (90% treated vs control, 35%) in mice, demonstrating a potential new bladder cancer treatment option.
Ultra‐Wideband Integrated Graphene‐Based Absorbers for Terahertz Waveguide Systems
Authors: Campion James , Xenidis Nikolaos , Smirnov Serguei , Ivanov Roman , Oberhammer Joachim , Hussainova Irina , Lioubtchenko Dmitri 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article presents novel graphene‐based absorber materials which can be directly integrated in terahertz waveguide systems. A simple, low‐cost integration method is developed, allowing graphene augmented inorganic nanofibers to be embedded inside a metallic waveguide. In contrast to existing absorbers, the ability to embed such materials in a metallic waveguide allows them to be integrated into complete terahertz systems for large‐scale applications. The electromagnetic properties of such materials are then examined using standard network analysis techniques. A wideband measurement setup is developed to enable measurement of a single sample from 67 to 500 GHz, eliminating the need to fabricate multiple samples. The porosity of the integrated material leads to excellent electromagnetic performance across a wide range of frequencies. The samples are found to have a reflection coefficient less than−10 dB for frequencies above 200 GHz, while their attenuation per unit length exceeds 35 dB mm−1. The low reflectivity of the material allows it to be used in systems applications where undesired reflections must be avoided. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the material is assessed, with a total effectiveness of 20–45 dB observed for 0.84 mm thick samples.
Flue gas cleaning by periodic absorption
Authors: Rimvall Mikael Patrik , Abildskov Jens 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSimulations and designs are presented of conventional and periodic SO2 absorption from exhaust gases using salt water as absorption solvent. Operating conditions resemble those of a maritime operation, involving relatively small amounts of SO2, so the separation is in the linear region. The advantages of periodic operation, as already demonstrated for conventional distillation remain valid for absorption processes: Less tall towers, than staged towers are possible, or substantially less salt water is required for the process employing periodic cycling.
Kinetics of low‐temperature catalytic combustion of ethylene at wet conditions for postharvest storage applications
Authors: Semagina Natalia , Tam Rosanne , Sawada James 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe study addresses the reduction of ethylene levels in postharvest storage applications using a selected Pd‐Zn‐Sn/TiO2 catalyst (US Patent 11065579) capable of reacting trace concentrations of ethylene at temperatures as low as 278 K and relative humidity as high as 90%. The rate law is derived from data collected using a constant volume batch reactor, and a model for a storage room with an associated isothermal packed bed reactor is developed. The amount of catalyst required to maintain an ethylene concentration of 0.1 ppmv in a room containing 20 tons of fruit having an ethylene metabolism of 0.1 μl/kg h was calculated as a function of air temperature and water content. While the catalyst can continuously remove ethylene from saturated, refrigerated air, the amount of catalyst required can be reduced significantly by incorporating conventional air conditioning solutions upstream of the catalyst bed. Such combined systems and their functions are discussed.
Predicting structure‐dependent properties directly from the three dimensional molecular images via convolutional neural networks
Authors: Xu Yunhao , Huang Xun , Li Cunpu , Wei Zidong , Wang Meng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMachine learning (ML) provides an efficient method to predict the unknown properties during the exploration of new materials, but how to efficiently represent the molecules as input is still not fully solved. Inspired by image processing, one of the classical ML tasks, this work developed a method to predict the structure‐dependent properties by converting the atom position into a three‐dimensional (3D) molecular image and learning the structure features from the image via a classical convolutional neural networks. After trained with datasets larger than 12,000 species, a very high accuracy is obtained in predicting both theoretical molecular energy and experimental properties including melting points, boiling points, and flash points. Since stereoscopic information is explicitly and accurately represented by the molecular images, our model successfully distinguish the melting points and boiling points of molecules with similar structure, including those of trans–cis isomers.
Heritable connective tissue disorders in childhood: Decreased health‐related quality of life and mental health
Authors: Warnink‐Kavelaars Jessica , de Koning Lisanne E. , Rombaut Lies , Menke Leonie A. , Alsem Mattijs W. , van Oers Hedy A. , Buizer Annemieke I. , Engelbert Raoul H. H. , Oosterlaan Jaap ,   Pediatric Heritable Connective Tissue Disorder study group
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe psychosocial consequences of growing up with Heritable Connective Tissue Disorders (HCTD) are largely unknown. We aimed to assess Health‐Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and mental health of children and adolescents with HCTD. This observational multicenter study included 126 children, aged 4–18 years, with Marfan syndrome (MFS, n = 74), Loeys–Dietz syndrome (n = 8), molecular confirmed Ehlers–Danlos syndromes (n = 15), and hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (hEDS, n = 29). HRQoL and mental health were assessed through the parent and child‐reported Child Health Questionnaires (CHQ‐PF50 and CHQ‐CF45, respectively) and the parent‐reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Compared with a representative general population sample, parent‐reported HRQoL of the HCTD‐group showed significantly decreased Physical sum scores (p < 0.001, d = 0.9) and Psychosocial sum scores (p = 0.024, d = 0.2), indicating decreased HRQoL. Similar findings were obtained for child‐reported HRQoL. The parent‐reported mental health of the HCTD‐group showed significantly increased Total difficulties sum scores (p = 0.01, d = 0.3), indicating decreased mental health. While the male and female MFS‐ and hEDS‐subgroups both reported decreased HRQoL, only the hEDS‐subgroup reported decreased mental health. In conclusion, children and adolescents with HCTD report decreased HRQoL and mental health, with most adverse outcomes reported in children with hEDS and least in those with MFS. These findings call for systematic monitoring and tailored interventions.
Anion‐Directed Regulation of Structures and Luminescence of Heterometallic Clusters
Authors: Li Jiao‐Jiao , Liu Chun‐Yu , Guan Zong‐Jie , Lei Zhen , Wang Quan‐Ming 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAnions have been used to regulate the structures and luminescence of heterometallic clusters. Introducing ClO4−into orange‐emissive, butterfly‐like [(C)(Au‐PPhpy2)6Ag4](BF4)6(1, PPhpy2=bis(2‐pyridyl)phenylphosphine) leads to the formation of red‐emissive [(C)(Au‐PPhpy2)6Ag5(ClO4)3](ClO4)4(2) with a novel trigonal bipyramidal structure; employing PhCO2−gives yellow‐emissive, hexagram‐like [(C)(Au‐PPhpy2)6Ag6(PhCO2)3](BF4)5(3). Notably,1exhibits weak luminescence in CH2Cl2/CH3OH=1 : 1 (v : v) with a quantum yield (QY) of 0.05, whereas it was dramatically increased to 0.49 and 0.83 for2and3, respectively. Theoretical calculation confirms that the involvement of anions in the electronic structures is responsible for the shifts of emission. The high QYs of2and3are attributed to the protection provided by ligands and anions. This work demonstrates that anions may serve as an extra designable factor beyond just counterions for functional metal clusters.
Selection of stable reference genes for quantitative real‐time PCR in the Varroa mite, Varroa destructor
Authors: Lee Joonhee , Kim Young Ho , Kim Kyungmun , Kim Dongwon , Lee Si Hyeock , Kim Sanghyeon 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo investigate the acaricide toxicity and resistance mechanisms in the Varroa mite, it is essential to understand the genetic responses of Varroa mites to acaricides, which are usually evaluated by transcriptional profiling based on quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). In this study, to select reference genes showing consistent expression patterns regardless of the acaricide treatment or the type of tissue, Varroa mites treated with each of the three representative acaricides (coumaphos, fluvalinate, and amitraz) were processed for transcriptomic analysis, from which eight genes (NADH dehydrogenase [NADHD], glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase [GAPDH], eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 α 1 [eEF1A1], eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 [eEF2], ribosomal protein L5 [RpL5], Actin, tubulin α‐1D chain [α‐tubulin], and Rab1) were selected as candidates. The transcription profiles of these genes, depending on the treatment of the three acaricides or across different tissues (cuticle, legs, gut/fat bodies, and synganglion), were analyzed using qPCR with four validation programs, BestKeeper, geNorm, NormFinder, and RefFinder. Following acaricide treatment, eEF1A1 and NADHD showed the least variation in their expression levels, whereas the expression levels of α‐tubulin and RpL5 were the most stable across different tissue groups. Rab1/GAPDH and Actin/eEF2 showed the least stable expression patterns following acaricide treatments and across different tissues, respectively, requiring precautions for use. When vitellogenin gene expression was analyzed by different reference genes, its expression profiles varied significantly depending on the reference genes, highlighting the importance of proper reference gene use. Thus, it is recommended using eEF1A1 and NADHD as reference genes for the comparison of the effects of acaricide on the whole body, whereas α‐tubulin and RpL5 are recommended for investigating the tissue‐specific expression profiles of target genes.
Improved Capacity Retention for a Disordered Rocksalt Cathode via Solvate Ionic Liquid Electrolytes
Authors: Wichmann Lennart , Brinkmann Jan‐Paul , Luo Mingzeng , Yang Yong , Winter Martin , Schmuch Richard , Placke Tobias , Gomez‐Martin Aurora 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLithium‐rich disordered rocksalts (DRX) are a promising class of cathode materials for high‐energy lithium ion batteries (LIBs) and lithium metal batteries (LMBs) due to the high initial specific capacities (>200 mAh g−1) as well as flexible chemical composition. However, challenges concerning severe capacity fade and voltage decay upon cycling at high cut‐off voltages are still to be overcome. Moreover, state‐of‐the‐art carbonate‐based electrolytes can be decomposed by reactive oxygen species released by DRX materials during cycling. In this work, the electrochemical performance of Li1.25Fe0.5Nb0.25O2 (LFNO) || Li LMB and LFNO || graphite LIB cells is compared for a conventional, carbonate‐based electrolyte and the solvate ionic liquid (SIL) [Li(G3)][TFSI] (G3: triethyleneglycoldimethylether). Cycle life is notably improved by the chemically more stable ionic liquid electrolyte, as the anionic redox activity of LFNO is prolonged compared to the carbonate‐based cells. This work represents an important step toward an improved cycle life of DRX cathodes.
Hydrotreated vegetable oil production from palm oil mill effluents: Status, opportunities and challenges
Authors: Yeoh Min Li , Goh Chun Sheng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe production of hydro‐treated vegetable oil (HVO) from palm oil mill effluents (POME) can be particularly interesting for Malaysia and Indonesia, the two major palm oil producers. Potentially, about 0.4 and 0.9 billion liters of HVO may be produced from POME in Malaysia and Indonesia, respectively. Large amounts of POME oil were exported to China for biofuel production in recent years, but the supply–demand dynamics remain under‐studied. The current policy trends in the EU are not in favor of POME‐based HVO. Exports to the EU are shadowed by uncertainty regarding its eligibility for double counting owing to its links with the oil palm industry, despite it being claimed to be a waste‐based biofuel. Domestically, Malaysia is still lagging behind in the policy for advanced biofuels. However, the country has shown its ambition in becoming a bio‐jet fuel producer in the recently announced 12th Malaysia Plan (RMK‐12). Converting POME oil into sustainable aviation fuel with HVO technology may be a promising option given the global commitment including Malaysia to reducing emissions in the aviation sector. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
The solid tumor microenvironment—Breaking the barrier for T cells
Authors: Simsek Hasan , Klotzsch Enrico 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in the behavior and development of solid tumors as well as shaping the immune response against them. As the tumor cells proliferate, the space they occupy and their physical interactions with the surrounding tissue increases. The growing tumor tissue becomes a complex dynamic structure, containing connective tissue, vascular structures, and extracellular matrix (ECM) that facilitates stimulation, oxygenation, and nutrition, necessary for its fast growth. Mechanical cues such as stiffness, solid stress, interstitial fluid pressure (IFP), matrix density, and microarchitecture influence cellular functions and ultimately tumor progression and metastasis. In this fight, our body is equipped with T cells as its spearhead against tumors. However, the altered biochemical and mechanical environment of the tumor niche affects T cell efficacy and leads to their exhaustion. Understanding the mechanobiological properties of the TME and their effects on T cells is key for developing novel adoptive tumor immunotherapies.