bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaginal preparation with different antiseptic solutions before cesarean section for preventing postoperative infections: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Fadlalmola Hammad Ali , Al‐Sayaghi Khaled Mohammed , Al‐Hebshi Abdulqader Abdlah , Alshengeti Amer Mohammad , Almohammadi Nawal H. , Alawfi Abdulsalam Dakheel , Aljohani Maher M. , Elhaddad Nourhan F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsWe aimed to investigate the effect of various vaginal wash solutions on reducing risks of post‐cesarean endometritis, wound infections, fever, and hospital stay duration.MethodsScopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane Library were searched for randomized clinical trials that compared different vaginal wash solutions to each other or to “no vaginal cleaning”; without restriction on the age of parturients or site where trials were conducted. We analyzed this frequentist network meta‐analysis using the netmeta package in R software version 4.1.2; synthesized data as mean difference or risk ratio with their 95% confidence intervals.ResultsOur network meta‐analysis included 29 RCTs with a total sample size of 9311 women undergoing CS. Regarding post‐cesarean endometritis, we found that povidone‐iodine had the highest significant risk reduction compared to “no vaginal cleaning” (RR = 0.08, 95% CI [0.01, 0.69]). While regarding post‐cesarean reduction of wound infection, fever, and hospital stay duration, we found that chlorhexidine 4% (RR = 0.17, 95% CI [0.05, 0.65]), saline 0.9% (RR = 0.12, 95% CI [0.03; 0.48]), and saline 0.9% (MD = −1.29, 95% CI [−2.18; −0.39]), respectively, had the highest significant risk reduction compared to “no vaginal cleaning.”ConclusionVaginal wash solutions were associated with a significant reduction of post‐cesarean endometritis, wound infection, fever, and hospital stay duration. Since povidone‐iodine had the highest significant reduction of post‐cesarean endometritis, we recommend setting povidone‐iodine as the standard practice as pre cesarean vaginal wash solution; consistent practice guidelines of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS).
Age‐friendly Universities (AFU): Combating and inoculating against ageism in a pandemic and beyond
Authors: Montepare Joann M. , Brown Lisa M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractManifestations of ageism during the recent COVID‐19 pandemic call for ways to combat persistent negative views of older adults and the disparities they fuel, especially in light of the aging of populations. We discuss the pioneering Age‐Friendly University (AFU) initiative that takes a systems‐level approach and offers guiding principles for advancing age inclusivity, which in turn can combat and inoculate individuals against ageism. In particular, the principles advocate that older adults be enabled to participate in core educational activities in higher education for personal and professional development and that institutions extend aging education, research on aging, and intergenerational exchange. The need for educational institutions to be more age‐friendly has become even more clear and pressing during the pandemic, where ageism has been exacerbated. Drawing on empirical evidence, we show how AFU principles can be applied to disrupt the roots of ageism and age biases, and disparities in healthcare and work environments. Connections between the AFU initiative and the Age‐Friendly Communities, Age‐Friendly Health Systems, and Age‐Friendly Employers initiatives are suggested as a collective move toward a more age‐inclusive ecosystem that fosters the well‐being of all people as they age.
Regulating emerging technology in times of crisis: Digital contact tracing in Norway during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Lund‐Tønnesen Jonas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn times of crisis, emerging technology can pose major challenges for regulators. They must deal with great uncertainty and urgency related to both the crisis and the technology. To understand such situations, this article studies the revelatory case of privacy regulation of a contact‐tracing application called Smittestopp, created in Norway during the COVID‐19 crisis. Based on public and organizational documents and 48 interviews, the analysis shows that the Norwegian Data Protection Authority faced several options for regulatory intervention throughout the crisis, and adapted its approach based on intra‐crisis experience, regulatees' responses, and different levels of uncertainty and urgency. Building on these findings, the study formulates propositions regarding the regulation of emerging technology during a crisis and regulatory agencies' use of rule‐based, idea‐based, and norm‐based interventions. This study provides insight into how these three types of intervention relate to different aspects of a crisis situation. Furthermore, it stresses the importance of idea‐based intervention as a key site of analysis in studying technology that emerges during a crisis.
Interaction of PKR with STCS1: an indispensable step in the biosynthesis of lunularic acid in Marchantia polymorpha
Authors: Zhu Ting‐Ting , Sun Chun‐Jing , Liu Xin‐Yan , Zhang Jiao‐Zhen , Hou Xu‐Ben , Ni Rong , Zhang Jing , Cheng Ai‐Xia , Lou Hong‐Xiang 
Published: July 2022

Summary
Unlike bibenzyls derived from the vascular plants, lunularic acid (LA), a key precursor for macrocyclic bisbibenzyl synthesis in nonvascular liverworts, exhibits the absence of one hydroxy group within the A ring. It was hypothesized that both polyketide reductase (PKR) and stilbenecarboxylate synthase 1 (STCS1) were involved in the LA biosynthesis, but the underlined mechanisms have not been clarified.
This study used bioinformatics analysis with molecular, biochemical and physiological approaches to characterize STCS1s and PKRs involved in the biosynthesis of LA.
The results indicated that MpSTCS1s from Marchantia polymorpha catalyzed both C2→C7 aldol‐type and C6→C1 Claisen‐type cyclization using dihydro‐p‐coumaroyl‐coenzyme A (CoA) and malonyl‐CoA as substrates to yield a C6‐C2‐C6 skeleton of dihydro‐resveratrol following decarboxylation and the C6‐C3‐C6 type of phloretin in vitro. The protein–protein interaction of PKRs with STCS1 (PPI‐PS) was revealed and proved essential for LA accumulation when transiently co‐expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. Moreover, replacement of the active domain of STCS1 with an 18‐amino‐acid fragment from the chalcone synthase led to the PPI‐PS greatly decreasing and diminishing the formation of LA. The replacement also increased the chalcone formation in STCS1s.
Our results highlight a previously unrecognized PPI in planta that is indispensable for the formation of LA.
Synthesis and Photophysical Characterizations of Pyrroloquinolone Photosensitizers for Singlet Oxygen Production†
Authors: De Bonfils Paul , Sandoval‐Altamirano Catalina , Moreau Xavier , Nun Pierrick , Laurent Adèle D. , Gunther German , Coeffard Vincent 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA series of pyrroloquinolone photosensitizers bearing different halogen substituents (Cl, Br, I) on the heterocyclic framework was studied. These structures were readily prepared through a multi‐step synthetic sequence involving an oxidative protocol as an important step to access the quinolone framework. Spectroscopic characterizations and computational investigations were carried out to study the dyes before and after the oxidative step. Interestingly, the fluorescence emission was significantly reduced upon oxidation. In spite of a low photostability under UV light, the pyrroloquinolone photosensitizers proved effective to produce singlet oxygen. Higher singlet oxygen quantum yields were obtained with photosensitizers bearing halogen atoms with a higher atomic number.
Progress towards reestablishing Latin America as a major pearl producing region: A review
Authors: Saucedo Pedro E. , McLaurin Douglas , Lodeiros César , Freites Luis , León Luis , Cáceres‐Puig Jorge I. , Albuquerque Marcos C. P. , Southgate Paul C. , Acosta‐Salmon Héctor 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGlobally, pearl culture is a profitable sector generating significant export incomes for producer countries, as well as livelihood opportunities for local communities. Latin America has a long history as a pearl producer from extensive fisheries that date back to the 15th century. The presence of pearl oyster beds on the Pacific and Caribbean coasts of many Latin American countries was a major incentive for colonisation of the region and subsequent social and economic development of areas in the Gulf of California and the Caribbean. This review presents the historic background of the pearl fishery in this region since the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century, describes the current status of pearl culture in Latin America, and outlines future opportunities for sector development. Information on the current status of pearl culture in Latin American countries is divided between two major categories: commercial and pilot‐scale. Commercial pearl production currently occurs only in Mexico and production updates are provided for bead‐nucleated, half pearls (mabé) and non‐nucleated (keshi) pearls from the two pearl farms operating in the Gulf of California. The second category comprises countries whose pearling activities were relevant in the past (Venezuela, Panama) and others that are emerging, but still maintain pilot‐scale production of mabé pearls using Pteria sterna (Ecuador, Peru), Pinctada mazatlanica (Panama) and Pteria hirundo (Brazil). Finally, this review discusses future prospects for pearl culture in Latin America, analysing technology gaps and challenges to be addressed if the cultured pearl sector is to achieve its full potential in this region.
Astaxanthin alleviates palmitic acid‐induced hindrance of porcine oocyte maturation
Authors: He Xu , Wang Dayu , Zhu Fuquan , Jiang Yuan , Bi Jiaying , Lu Xinyue , Zhao Mingyue , Wu Weidong , Li Juan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIncreased palmitic acid (PA) levels have been found in females with reduced fertility due to metabolic disorders. However, effective antioxidant astaxanthin (AXE) might positively affect animal reproduction. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the impact of a high concentration of PA on oocyte maturation and the possible protective effect of AXE against high PA concentration in pigs. Firstly, different concentrations (0.2, 0.5, 0.8 mM) of PA were conducted on in vitro maturation (IVM) of pig oocytes (PA0.2, PA0.5, and PA0.8), while no addition of PA was performed as the control group (Ctrl). Results showed that the cumulus cell expansion index (CCEI) was lower in PA0.5 and PA0.8 groups compared to Ctrl group (p < .05). In PA0.5 group, not only did the percentage of matured oocytes with the first polar body (PB1) reduced, that with more oocytes arrested at germinal vesicle (GV) stage (53.44% ± 7.16% vs. 20.93% ± 5.16%, p < .05), but also a higher number of transzonal projections (TZPs) was observed in PA0.5 than Ctrl group. Besides, supplement of PA resulted in a dose‐dependent decrease in mitochondrial activity. Although no difference of lipid content was observed between PA0.5 and Ctrl groups, the lipid content was at a higher level in PA0.2 group than in the other three groups. Hence, concentration of 0.5 mM of PA was performed in the following experiments, and 2.5 μM AXE carried out to investigate the possible relief effects of PA (PA0.5 + AXE). Results showed that the percentage of matured oocytes with PB1 was higher in PA0.5 + AXE than in PA0.5 group (63.43% ± 1.50% vs. 55.33% ± 0.81%, p < .01), and ROS levels both in oocytes and their cumulus cells (CCs) reduced in PA0.5 + AXE when compared to PA0.5 group. In addition, the rate of CCs with apoptosis decreased in PA0.5 + AXE, and the expression level of caspase 3 and BAX was lower than PA0.5 group. In conclusion, the maturation of pig oocytes was inhibited by the high concentration of PA; however, this negative effect of PA‐induced might be relieved by the supplement of AXE.
Chemical and short‐wave infrared characteristics of white mica associated with the Gajah Tidur porphyry copper system at the deep Grasberg Cu—Au—(Mo) deposit, Indonesia
Authors: Al Furqan Reza , Watanabe Yasushi , Arribas Antonio , Leys Clyde , Echigo Takuya , Putri Rici Anggun , Sevirajati Renanda 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Grasberg Cu—Au—(Mo) deposit comprises the shallower Main Grasberg porphyry Cu—Au and the deeper Gajah Tidur (GT) porphyry Cu—Mo—(Au) systems. The GT porphyry preserves various types of white mica whose geochemical variations provide insights into the white mica‐dominated alteration of porphyry systems. The white mica assemblages within the GT porphyry system comprise: (1) muscovite‐anhydrite‐chlorite (MAC), (2) muscovite‐chlorite‐anhydrite (MCA), and (3) muscovite‐quartz ± pyrophyllite (MQP). These assemblages display zonation from central and deep parts of the system to its shallower and peripheral parts. The MAC alteration white micas are characterized by high Na, Fe, Ti, and V concentrations, and with short‐wave infrared Al—OH absorption wavelengths of 2203–2208 nm. The MCA white micas have higher Mg content than the other two GT white mica assemblages but similar Al—OH absorption wavelengths to the MAC white micas. The MQP alteration white micas have low Na, Fe, Mg, and Ti, but relatively high Si, Al, and F, and Al—OH absorption wavelengths are largely shorter than 2202 nm. We interpret that the high Fe and Ti content of the MAC white micas is due to inheritance of these elements from mafic minerals they replaced. The higher Fe content of these white micas explain their longer wavelength Al—OH absorption positions relative to the MQP white micas. In contrast, lower Fe content and shorter Al—OH wavelengths of the MQP white micas are caused by their higher Si and Al content, which reduces iron occupancy in the white mica crystal structure. White micas in this assemblage formed at lower temperature and probable lower pH condition that may have led to a replacement of Fe by Al. The short‐wave infrared Al—OH position of white mica together with the associated hydrothermal assemblage can be used as a proximitor for porphyry Cu hydrothermal centres. White mica associated with chlorite, anhydrite, and chalcopyrite, which commonly occur overprinting or adjacent to the potassic alteration center, are characterized by Al—OH absorption positions at 2200–2215 nm. By contrast, white mica associated with quartz‐pyrite are characterized by Al—OH wavelengths shorter than 2202 nm. In the distal part of porphyry Cu system, white micas may be associated with chlorite and have Al—OH absorption positions longer than 2204 nm.
Network Hawkes Process Models for Exploring Latent Hierarchy in Social Animal Interactions
Authors: Ward Owen G. , Wu Jing , Zheng Tian , Smith Anna L. , Curley James P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGroup-based social dominance hierarchies are of essential interest in understanding social structure (DeDeo & Hobson in, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118(21), 2021). Recent animal behaviour research studies can record aggressive interactions observed over time. Models that can explore the underlying hierarchy from the observed temporal dynamics in behaviours are therefore crucial. Traditional ranking methods aggregate interactions across time into win/loss counts, equalizing dynamic interactions with the underlying hierarchy. Although these models have gleaned important behavioural insights from such data, they are limited in addressing many important questions that remain unresolved. In this paper, we take advantage of the observed interactions' timestamps, proposing a series of network point process models with latent ranks. We carefully design these models to incorporate important theories on animal behaviour that account for dynamic patterns observed in the interaction data, including the winner effect, bursting and pair-flip phenomena. Through iteratively constructing and evaluating these models we arrive at the final cohort Markov-modulated Hawkes process (C-MMHP), which best characterizes all aforementioned patterns observed in interaction data. As such, inference on our model components can be readily interpreted in terms of theories on animal behaviours. The probabilistic nature of our model allows us to estimate the uncertainty in our ranking. In particular, our model is able to provide insights into the distribution of power within the hierarchy which forms and the strength of the established hierarchy. We compare all models using simulated and real data. Using statistically developed diagnostic perspectives, we demonstrate that the C-MMHP model outperforms other methods, capturing relevant latent ranking structures that lead to meaningful predictions for real data.
The skeletal muscle microbiopsy method in exercise and sports science research: A narrative and methodological review
Authors: Newmire Daniel E. , Willoughby Darryn S. 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe skeletal muscle microbiopsy protocol was introduced to the Exercise and Sports Science (ESS) research field in 1999 and has been used as a protocol to directly examine muscular structural and biochemical changes. There is much variation in the reporting of the microbiopsy protocol and its related pre‐ and post‐procedure for participant care and sample collection. The purpose of this narrative and methodological review is to compare the microbiopsy to the traditional Bergström protocol used in the ESS field, identify and summarize all related microbiopsy protocols used in previous ESS studies and determine the most frequently used microbiopsy protocols aspects and associated pre‐ and post‐biopsy procedures.MethodsA review of literature up to January 2022 was used following the PRISMA and Cochrane Methodological Review Guide to determine frequently used methods that may facilitate optimal and potential recommendations for muscle microbiopsy needle gauge (G), concentration or dose (% or ml) and administration of local anesthetic, co‐axial/cannula introducer gauge (G), muscle depth (cm), muscle sample size collected (mg), passes to collect samples, time points of muscle sampling, and promotion of participant compliance and minimization of adverse events.ResultsEighty‐five articles were selected based on the inclusionary requirements related to the ESS field or methodological considerations. The most frequently reported aspects in previous research to suggest the location of the vastus lateralis is the midpoint between the patella and the greater trochanter of the femur or 1/3 or 2/3 the distance from the patella to anterior superior iliac spine, 14 G biopsy needle, subcutaneous injected lidocaine administration (2 ml, 1%), 13 G co‐axial/cannula, 1–2 cm muscle depth, 10–20 mg of muscle sample, ~3‐time points, and 2–3 passes.DiscussionThere is much variation in the reporting of the microbiopsy protocol and its related pre‐ and post‐biopsy procedures. Standardization in reporting may promote recommendations to optimize data integrity, participant safety, participant adherence to the study design, and increase reproducibility. Recommendations are made for the microbiopsy procedure based on frequently reported characteristics.
He reshaped the forefront of xenotransplantation: Agustin Pasqual Dalmasso (1933–2021)
Authors: Platt Jeffrey L. , Vercellotti Gregory M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAgustin Pasqual Dalmasso died in December 2021. He was 88 years old and an Honorary Member of the International Xenotransplantation Association. Gus made seminal contributions to understanding and overcoming the barrier complement system poses to xenotransplantation. Those endeavoring to advance xenotransplantation to clinical application and those seeking the most topics in which to devote their life's work could do no better than examining how Gus approached the subjects of his life's work.
An Energy Basis for Comparison of Performance of Combustion Chambers
Authors: Nichols J. B. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The energy loss in a combustion chamber, as a result of pressure drop, is generally found to be of relatively greater importance than the losses from combustion inefficiency. Therefore it must be included in any parameter which claims to state the efficiency of the burner. Combustion efficiency alone does not serve this purpose. A method of comparison is suggested and developed which allows combustion chambers to be compared on an over-all basis. By this method, any combustion chamber is assigned a single energy efficiency for each inlet condition, which includes the effects of both combustion efficiency and pressure drop.
Operating Experiences With Mechanical Joints in High-Pressure High-Temperature Steam Piping
Authors: Bailey E. C. , Schroeder H. C. , Carlson I. H. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Because of the uncertain life expectancy of austenitic-ferritic steel welds for joining the 2¼ per cent chromium, 1 per cent molybdenum alloy-steel main steam piping to Type 347 stainless alloy steel at the throttle valves of the turbines, two types of mechanical transition joints were installed in the Ridgeland Station of the Commonwealth Edison, Chicago, Ill. The joints, the pressure-seal and the bellows-type were designed for operation on steam at 1800 psig and 1050 F. These joints have operated satisfactorily since the units were put in service. The pressure-seal joints have been in service a total of 1 year and 5 months and the bellows-type joints 1 year.
Comparisons at Elevated Temperatures of Some Commercial Grades of Ferritic Cast Steels
Authors: Wyatt H. W. , Bolton J. W. , Steinbuch M. L. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper presents some direct elevated-temperature test comparisons of cast steel Grades WC4, WC5, WC6, and WC9 of ASTM Specification A217-49T. The materials studied are from commercial heats. Care has been taken to hold all variables in manufacture, treatment, and composition (aside from prescribed “alloy elements”) as closely alike as possible. The tests show that at the temperatures under consideration the nominal 1 per cent molybdenum grades WC5 and WC9 are higher in “creep strength” than the nominal ½ per cent molybdenum grades, WC4 and WC6. Grade WC5 has shown, in this direct comparison, higher “stress-rupture strength” than the other three grades.
Design and Development of a Broad-Range, High-Efficiency Centrifugal Compressor for a Small Gas-Turbine-Compressor Unit
Authors: Speer Ivan E. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The compressor requirements for a small gas-turbine-compressor unit imposes factors with regard to broad flow range and efficiency that form the basic objectives for the design and development. Highly backwardly curved impellers, designed according to the reasoning presented, are shown to evidence the required characteristics. Results of the development program show that the objectives can be met and exceeded.