bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study between direct analysis in whole blood, oral fluid, and declaration of consumption for the prevalence of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and acetaminophen in ultratrail runners
Authors: Mashal Mohammad Shafiq , Bevalot Fabien , Citterio‐Quentin Antony , Sallet Pierre , Nazari Qand Agha , Guitton Jérôme , Machon Christelle 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUltratrail running is a sport with growing number of adherents. To complete ultratrail despite physical issues such as joint and muscle pain, many runners use nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and acetaminophen. Studies asking participants about their consumption of drugs during ultratrail revealed a prevalence of NSAIDs and acetaminophen up to 70% and 25%, respectively. The aims of the present study were to determine the prevalence of NSAIDs and acetaminophen for 81 runners during the 2021 Ultratrail du Mont Blanc® (UTMB®) using direct analysis of dried blood spots (DBS) and oral fluid (OF) and to compare results with the declaration of consumption by runners; this is to identify the most relevant method to study the prevalence of drugs. Our results show a prevalence of NSAIDs of 46.6% using DBS, 18.5% using OF, and 13.8% based on a questionnaire. Prevalence of acetaminophen were 30.1%, 30.9%, and 22.5% using DBS, OF, and questionnaire, respectively. From this study, we conclude that the analysis of drugs directly in DBS is the most relevant tool to determine the prevalence in ultratrail events.
Prioritizing Pesticides of Potential Concern and Identifying Potential Mixture Effects in Great Lakes Tributaries Using Passive Samplers
Authors: Loken Luke C. , Corsi Steven R. , Alvarez David A. , Ankley Gerald T. , Baldwin Austin K. , Blackwell Brett R. , De Cicco Laura A. , Nott Michele A. , Oliver Samantha K. , Villeneuve Daniel L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
To help meet the objectives of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative with regard to increasing knowledge about toxic substances, 223 pesticides and pesticide transformation products were monitored in 15 Great Lakes tributaries using polar organic chemical integrative samplers. A screening-level assessment of their potential for biological effects was conducted by computing toxicity quotients (TQs) for chemicals with available US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Aquatic Life Benchmark values. In addition, exposure activity ratios (EAR) were calculated using information from the USEPA ToxCast database. Between 16 and 81 chemicals were detected per site, with 97 unique compounds detected overall, for which 64 could be assessed using TQs or EARs. Ten chemicals exceeded TQ or EAR levels of concern at two or more sites. Chemicals exceeding thresholds included seven herbicides (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, diuron, metolachlor, acetochlor, atrazine, simazine, and sulfentrazone), a transformation product (deisopropylatrazine), and two insecticides (fipronil and imidacloprid). Watersheds draining agricultural and urban areas had more detections and higher concentrations of pesticides compared with other land uses. Chemical mixtures analysis for ToxCast assays associated with common modes of action defined by gene targets and adverse outcome pathways (AOP) indicated potential activity on biological pathways related to a range of cellular processes, including xenobiotic metabolism, extracellular signaling, endocrine function, and protection against oxidative stress. Use of gene ontology databases and the AOP knowledgebase within the R-package ToxMixtures highlighted the utility of ToxCast data for identifying and evaluating potential biological effects and adverse outcomes of chemicals and mixtures. Results have provided a list of high-priority chemicals for future monitoring and potential biological effects warranting further evaluation in laboratory and field environments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:340–366. Published 2022. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Quality control analysis of high‐value agarwood oil by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Tripathi Shreya , Rout Prasant Kumar , Khare Sunil Kumar , Naik Satyanarayan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAdulteration is a crucial issue being faced by essential oil and allied industries, especially for high‐value essential oil such as agarwood oil. The recommended analysis in trading essential oils involves visual inspection, olfactory analysis, physico‐chemical characterization and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GC–MS). However, some subtle high‐boiler adulterants like vegetable oils and synthetic polymers go unnoticed via these analyses leading to the penetration of adulterated essential oil in the market. In the current study, the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermogravimetric analysis (DTGA) were utilized and suggested as a rapid, convenient and precise technique for the detection of high‐boiler adulterants in essential oils using the most expensive agarwood oil as a case study. The TGA pattern of pure samples reveals single‐stage volatilization (agarwood oil: 110–260°C, castor oil: 340–500°C, coconut oil: 330–450°C and polyethylene glycol‐400: 260–390°C), whereas the adulterated sample exhibits two‐stage volatilization in both lower‐ and higher‐temperature zone owing to the presence of agarwood oil and high‐boiler adulterant. The DTGA of pure agarwood oil shows only one point of major weight loss, whereas that of the adulterated sample shows two points of major weight loss corresponding to both oil and adulterant. Different percentages of adulterants (5%, 10%, 30% and 50%) have been quantified using TGA and DTGA with the highest accuracy. Further, the method optimization study was conducted to determine the minimum time required for adulterated sample analysis with precise accuracy. TGA can be proposed as a handy and efficient tool for the quality control analysis of essential oils.
The inhibitory effect of Yam polysaccharides on acrylamide‐induced programmed cell death in RAW 264.7 cells
Authors: Wang Jing , Han Ying , Wang Man , Li He , Sun Yujiao , Chen Xuefeng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAcrylamide has been well known for its neurotoxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, etc. Recently, the immunotoxicity of acrylamide has been reported by different research groups, although the underlying mechanisms of acrylamide endangering immune systems have not been fully elucidated. In this study, mouse monocyte–macrophage cells model was used to clarify the toxic mechanism of acrylamide and the inhibitory effect of Yam polysaccharides (YPS) on acrylamide‐induced damage. We found that acrylamide induced RAW 264.7 cell death in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner. After acrylamide (2.0, 3.0, 4.0 mmol/L) treatment for 24 h, cell apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis were observed. However, the levels of autophagy and pyroptosis decreased at a high concentration of acrylamide (4.0 mmol/L). Acrylamide upregulated P2X7 expression, but the P2X7 level was not showing a monotone increasing trend. When the P2X7 antagonist was applied, the effect of acrylamide on autophagy and pyroptosis was weakened. Additionally, acrylamide triggered the occurrence of oxidative stress and a decreased nitric oxide (NO) level. However, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, the decrease of heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) expression, and the increase of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression were reversed by the inhibition of P2X7. Yam polysaccharides (50.0 μg/ml) significantly inhibited acrylamide‐induced oxidative stress and cell death (including apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis). Yam polysaccharides also effectively reversed the increase of iNOS expression induced by acrylamide. However, Yam polysaccharides promoted the expression of P2X7 rather than prohibit it. These results indicated that acrylamide caused RAW 264.7 cell death due to pro‐apoptosis as well as excessive autophagy and pyroptosis. Apoptosis might be more predominant than autophagy and pyroptosis under a higher concentration of acrylamide (4.0 mmol/L). P2X7‐stimulated oxidative stress was responsible for acrylamide‐induced programmed cell death (PCD), but P2X7 showed limited regulatory effect on apoptosis. Yam polysaccharides with antioxidant activity inhibited acrylamide‐induced cell death (apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis), but exerted limited effect on the acrylamide‐induced P2X7 expression. These findings would offer an insight into elucidating the immunotoxic mechanism of acrylamide and the potential approaches to control its toxicity.
Effects of marriage equality legislation on sexual health of the US population
Authors: Nikolaou Dimitrios 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEven though prior research has investigated the relationship between same‐sex partnership recognition policies and health outcomes, the impact of same‐sex marriage laws on sexually transmitted infections has not received much attention. Using state‐level panel data from 2000 to 2019, I show that marriage equality legislation decreases the spread of (shorter‐term) syphilis infections and of (longer‐term) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) infections among the general population. Event study analyses correcting for non‐staggered treatment implementation confirm these negative effects, but also suggest that standard difference‐in‐differences models understate the impact of the legislation by up to 8% points. Further analysis supports that these legislation effects operate through three mechanisms: increasing social tolerance, strengthening relationship commitment, and expanding health care access and coverage for HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment. Disaggregating the results by sexual behavior reveals that legal access to same‐sex marriage leads to sizable decreases in AIDS rates among men who have sex with men (MSM) (the most at‐risk population for an infection). Even though there is economically significant evidence that the legislation improves sexual health of the heterosexual population due to increased utilization of preventive sexual health care, the legislation does not have a direct impact on infection rates for the non‐MSM population.
Predicting intentions to get the COVID‐19 vaccine in India: An integration of theory of planned behaviour and health belief model
Authors: Tarkar Preeti 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine intention to receive Coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) vaccination in India. An integrated model of Theory of Planned behaviour (TPB) and Health Belief Model (HBM) was used. Online survey was conducted in Delhi NCR region to find out the intention to receive vaccination. Data was collected from 845 respondents during 15 February 2021–15 March 2021, just after COVID‐19 vaccination became available in the India. Partial Least Square‐Structural Equation Modelling was used to establish the relationships. The results of the analysis show that proposed framework is significant and explained 71% variance in intentions. Attitude, subjective norm, perceived behaviour control and self‐efficacy from the TPB had direct (or significant independent) effects on intention and perceived benefits, perceived susceptibility from the HBM have indirect effect on the intentions through attitude. The present study can be used to maximise the uptake of vaccination in any future pandemic. This theoretically‐driven model can be used to guide health policy makers and health care providers to increase the uptake of vaccination.
Understanding the hydrological regime based on the runoff events in a mountainous catchment with seasonally frozen soil in the Qinghai‐Tibet plateau
Authors: Lin Pengfei , He Zhibin , Du Jun , Chen Longfei , Zhu Xi , Tian Quanyan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSeasonal thawing of frozen soil will significantly affect the hydrological regime, water storage capacity and ecosystem services in the future, which contributes to the uncertainty of regional water resources. However, based on the scale of runoff events, the mechanism of seasonal frozen soil thawing on the hydrological regime are still unclear. In this study, we systematically analysed the runoff characteristics and interactive effects of environmental factors and pre‐event catchment state on runoff processes based on the runoff event scale, using data sets of air temperature, precipitation, runoff, soil moisture, and soil temperature observed in a mountainous catchment with seasonally frozen soil distribution on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau from 2010 to 2019. It was found that the event runoff coefficient did not increase significantly with the increase of precipitation. Event runoff coefficients exhibited strong seasonality. The catchment exhibited a gradual increase in the event runoff coefficient with increasing pre‐event baseflow and antecedent soil moisture, especially during stable period (August to November). Event runoff generation through infiltration excess as the result of intensive rainfall seemed to be only possible in the stable period, while heavy precipitation events were common during this period. Normalized event peak discharge and event runoff coefficient showed positive trends with changes in pre‐event catchment state indicators, which were commonly observed phenomena in runoff events. For this catchment, the increased storage capacity pre‐event saturation may be the main mechanism of event runoff generation, as it was unlikely that a single precipitation event would lead to catchment saturation. Soil temperature affects runoff processes through both direct effects on runoff processes and indirect effects on pre‐event catchment state. Temperature indicators were the most important predictors of runoff changes in the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau.
A feasibility study of the use of UmbiFlow™ to assess the impact of heat stress on fetoplacental blood flow in field studies
Authors: Bonell Ana , Vannevel Valerie , Sonko Bakary , Mohammed Nuredin , Vicedo‐Cabrera Ana M. , Haines Andy , Maxwell Neil S. , Hirst Jane , Prentice Andrew M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the use of UmbiFlow™ in field settings to assess the impact of heat stress on umbilical artery resistance index (RI).MethodsThis feasibility study was conducted in West Kiang, The Gambia, West Africa; a rural area with increasing exposure to extreme heat. We recruited women with singleton fetuses who performed manual tasks (such as farming) during pregnancy to an observational cohort study. The umbilical artery RI was measured at rest, and during and at the end of a typical working shift in women at 28 weeks or more of pregnancy. Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO) were classified as stillbirth, preterm birth, low birth weight, or small for gestational age, and all other outcomes as normal.ResultsA total of 40 participants were included; 23 normal births and 17 APO. Umbilical artery RI demonstrated a nonlinear relationship to heat stress, with indication of a potential threshold value for placental insufficiency at 32°C by universal thermal climate index and 30°C by wet bulb globe temperature.ConclusionsThe Umbiflow device proved to be an effective field method for assessing placental function. Dynamic changes in RI may begin to explain the association between extreme heat and APO with an identified threshold of effect.
Family participatory research practices: A reflection
Authors: Troiani Serena 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis column discusses the importance of family participatory research practices with particular regard for vulnerable populations and alternative learning opportunities and the need for an expanded approach to the use of multimodalities in the classroom. The author reflects upon her experience as she conducted her dissertation, a case study with her nephew, an adolescent diagnosed with autism, exploring his use of multimodalities as an expressive practice, and to see how they informed his meaning making. The column addresses the author's various roles and positionality and how the author's use of a reflexive journal provided a space to document any ethical tensions and maximize the ethical practice. The implications and necessity for family research is documented throughout the discussion of several works. The importance of the advancement of family research, particularly within the constructs of literacy learning and individuals with special needs, is emphasized.
Modeling pyranose ring pucker in carbohydrates using machine learning and semi‐empirical quantum chemical methods
Authors: Kong Linghan , Bryce Richard A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPyranose ring pucker is a key coordinate governing the structure, interactions and reactivity of carbohydrates. We assess the ability of the machine learning potentials, ANI‐1ccx and ANI‐2x, and the GFN2‐xTB semiempirical quantum chemical method, to model ring pucker conformers of five monosaccharides and oxane in the gas phase. Relative to coupled‐cluster quantum mechanical calculations, we find that ANI‐1ccx most accurately reproduces the ring pucker energy landscape for these molecules, with a correlation coefficient r2 of 0.83. This correlation in relative energies lowers to values of 0.70 for ANI‐2x and 0.60 for GFN2‐xTB. The ANI‐1ccx also provides the most accurate estimate of the energetics of the 4C1‐to‐1C4 minimum energy pathway for the six molecules. All three models reproduce chair more accurately than non‐chair geometries. Analysis of small model molecules suggests that the ANI‐1ccx model favors puckers with equatorial hydrogen bonding substituents; that ANI‐2x and GFN2‐xTB models overstabilize conformers with axially oriented groups; and that the endo‐anomeric effect is overestimated by the machine learning models and underestimated via the GFN2‐xTB method. While the pucker conformers considered in this study correspond to a gas phase environment, the accuracy and computational efficiency of the ANI‐1ccx approach in modeling ring pucker in vacuo provides a promising basis for future evaluation and application to condensed phase environments.
Advancing women, parity, and gender equity
Authors: Garcia M. Nathalia , Andrews Elizabeth A. , White Candice C. , Dixon Debra A. , López Ana N. , Stewart Denice 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFor centuries, society has called out for transformations to lift all of its members. While it may seem ordinary in our time for women to be dentists or dental educators, the path was neither always easy, nor has true equity been achieved. The modern transformation of dental education and dentistry creates the need for leaders to propose and develop concrete initiatives to advance the profession and benefit society. Areas to address that could lead to increased equity for women include career advancement, leadership opportunities, compensation, career satisfaction, research, and scholarly activity. Our analysis demonstrates that even though the number of full‐time female faculty has increased during recent years, most positions (59.5%) at dental schools in the US are held by men (2018–2019). Males were also compensated at higher rates than their female counterparts, and female deans made 7% less in total compensation. Because disparities are evident in pay and academic pathways, new directions and strategies must be employed to ensure parity and gender equity. Facilitating the progress of women in organized dentistry requires efforts of dental academic institutions to invest resources and provide nurturing environments that promote professional performances and leadership skills for women, with these being priorities–considering the current trends that anticipate increased numbers of women in dental academia. All dentists bring their own experiences to the profession, making for rich depth and diversity. As a collective voice, we have a bright future. We can and will move forward together.
Dental school pathway programs: Best practices for increasing workforce diversity
Authors: Hewlett Edmond R. , Lobo‐Marwah Erin , Hishaw Laila B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe chronic underrepresentation of racial/ethnic minority practitioners in the U.S. health professions workforce is an oft‐cited factor for disparities in health and health‐care access affecting communities of color. As non‐White providers are more likely to serve uninsured patients and practice in underserved areas, pathway/pipeline programs have been used for many years to increase the numbers racial/ethnic minorities in the health professions workforce. These programs target precollege, college, and postbaccalaureate students from historically underrepresented minority (HURM) groups (defined as African American/Black, Hispanic/Latino, and Native American students) to stimulate interest in health professions careers and provide academic support, mentoring, enrichment experiences, and other resources to facilitate their successful admission to and completion of health professions school and entry into the workforce. This article examines dental pathway programs to identify best practices for increasing enrollment of HURM students in dental school and their successful entry into the dental workforce—as evidenced in the academic literature.
Illuminating light in the darkness: Black/African‐American men in dental education and strategies for change
Authors: Ester Todd V. , Smith Carlos S. , Smith Patrick D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to discuss the challenges surrounding the underrepresentation of Black/African American (BAA) men in dentistry and dental education and present a rationale for anti‐racism strategies to address them. Data and insights from the literature are presented to discuss how racism may derail BAA's opportunities to achieve a dental education through stereotyping, social, and academic isolation. Additionally, the authors present commentary and testimonials on the importance of mentorship to guide BAA men into and through dental careers. Additionally, the article describes two examples of successful career pathway programs, and highlights the significance of historically Black colleges and universities to promoting diversity within the dental profession. Anti‐racism recommendations for change include more direct attention to how dental school humanistic environments support BAA men, committing human and financial resources for program development, and using data‐driven metrics to assess those programs longitudinally. The commitment of dental education to promote oral health equity demands more than appreciation of BAA men's contributions, but a commitment to creating and advancing opportunities that assure their success.
‘Honour’‐based abuse: A descriptive study of survivor, perpetrator, and abuse characteristics
Authors: Ridley Keziah , Almond Louise , Bafouni Nefeli , Qassim Afrah 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCurrent literature on ‘honour’‐based abuse (HBA) has largely focussed on exploring the lived experience of individuals, with limited analysis of the prevalence and associations of abuse characteristics. The aim of this study was to identify base rates of survivor, perpetrator and abuse characteristics. To identify these characteristics and their prevalence, 160 cases from Savera UK, a charity specialising in HBA and harmful practices, were coded for 66 variables and descriptive statistics produced. Fifteen of the coded abuse characteristics were present in more than 50% of cases, with ‘Emotional/psychological abuse and coercive control’, ‘Specific family cultural traditions’, ‘Gender‐based socialisation’ and ‘Physical violence’ being the only characteristics seen in more than 75% of cases. These represent the core characteristics of HBA but there are indications of qualitative and quantitate differences in this sample. Understanding the prevalence of characteristics is key to effectively identifying abuse, supporting survivors and improving effective prevention strategies.