bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of fixed-dose combination antihypertensives in Germany between 2016 and 2020: an example of guideline inertia
Authors: Mahfoud Felix , Kieble Marita , Enners Salka , Kintscher Ulrich , Laufs Ulrich , Böhm Michael , Schulz Martin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The 2018 European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/European Society of Hypertension (ESH) guidelines for the management of hypertension highlight the importance of fixed-dose combinations (FDC) for the treatment of hypertension and recommend initial single-pill combination therapy in almost all patients. However, data on the implementation of these recommendations in clinical practice are scarce.

Methods
Data from the German Institute for Drug Use Evaluation (DAPI) were analyzed and extrapolated accounting for approximately 88% of Germany’s population (approximately 73.3 million subjects). All antihypertensive (AHT) FDC products available on the German market were included in the analyses. We examined the time course of dispensed packages between January 2016 and December 2020.

Results
FDCs accounted for 15.4% of all AHT in 2016 and for 10.9% in 2020. While dispensing of all AHT increased slightly from year to year (2016: 143.8 million, 2020: 153.2 million packs), dispensing of FDCs decreased from 22.2 million (2016) to 16.6 million (2020) packs. Dispensing of FDCs containing hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) declined considerably from 2016 to 2020 (Q1 2016: 4.65 million, Q4 2020: 3.13 million packs). Accordingly, the proportion of HCT-containing combinations in all FDCs decreased from 85.3 to 74.2% from Q1 2016 to Q4 2020. Patients younger than 80 years were prescribed FDCs more frequently (14.6% of all AHT, based on the entire evaluation period) than patients 80 years and older (10.0%). In both age groups, this proportion decreased continuously over time.

Conclusions
Almost 2 years following the release of the 2018 ESC/ESH guidelines, only 10.9% of the prescribed packs of antihypertensive drugs in 2020 were FDC products, documenting underutilization of current guideline recommendations on pharmacotherapy in hypertension. Structured programs to evidence-based decision support are required to improve guideline inertia and patient outcomes, eventually.

Graphical abstract
Healthy diet associated with better asthma outcomes in elderly women of the French Asthma-E3N study
Authors: Ait-hadad Wassila , Bédard Annabelle , Chanoine Sébastien , Dumas Orianne , Laouali Nasser , Le Moual Nicole , Leynaert Bénédicte , Macdonald Conor , Siroux Valérie , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine , Varraso Raphaëlle 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The impact of a healthy diet on asthma prevention and management, particularly among elderly women, remains poorly understood. We investigated whether a healthy diet would be associated with fewer asthma symptoms, and, among women with asthma, with reduced uncontrolled asthma and metabolic-related multimorbidity.

Methods
We included 12,991 elderly women (mean age = 63 years) from the Asthma-E3N study, a nested case–control study within the French E3N cohort. Negative binomial regressions were used to analyse associations between a healthy diet [evaluated by the Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010)] and a validated asthma symptom score, and logistic regressions to analyse associations between the AHEI-2010 with the asthma control test and multimorbidity profiles previously identified by clustering methods on medications used.

Results
After adjustment for potential confounders, a linear inverse association was found between the AHEI-2010 score and the asthma symptom score [mean score ratio (95% CI) = 0.82 (0.75–0.90) for the highest versus lowest quintile; p for trend < 0.0001]. In addition, women in the highest versus lowest AHEI-2010 tertile were at a lower risk to belong to the “Predominantly metabolic multimorbidity-related medications profile” compared to the “Few multimorbidity-related medications" profile [OR 0.80 (0.63–1.00) for tertile 3; p for trend = 0.05; n = 3474].

Conclusion
Our results show that a healthy dietary intake could play an important role in the prevention and management of asthma over the life course.
UVB-exposed wheat germ oil increases serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 without improving overall vitamin D status: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bailer Anja C. , Philipp Sophie , Staudt Shabnam , Weidauer Thomas , Kiehntopf Michael , Lorkowski Stefan , Stangl Gabriele I. , Dawczynski Christine 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study investigated whether UVB-exposed wheat germ oil (WGO) is capable to improving the vitamin D status in healthy volunteers.

Methods
A randomized controlled human-intervention trial in parallel design was conducted in Jena (Germany) between February and April. Ultimately, 46 healthy males and females with low mean 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels (34.9 ± 10.6 nmol/L) were randomized into three groups receiving either no WGO oil (control, n = 14), 10 g non-exposed WGO per day (– UVB WGO, n = 16) or 10 g WGO, which was exposed for 10 min to ultraviolet B-light (UVB, intensity 500–630 µW/cm2) and provided 23.7 µg vitamin D (22.9 µg vitamin D2 and 0.89 µg vitamin D3) (+ UVB WGO, n = 16) for 6 weeks. Blood was obtained at baseline, after 3 and 6 weeks and analyzed for serum vitamin D-metabolite concentrations via LC–MS/MS.

Results
Participants who received the UVB-exposed WGO were characterized by an increase of circulating 25(OH)D2 after 3 and 6 weeks of intervention. However, the 25(OH)D3 concentrations decreased in the + UVB WGO group, while they increased in the control groups. Finally, the total 25(OH)D concentration (25(OH)D2 + 25(OH)D3) in the + UVB WGO group was lower than that of the non-WGO receiving control group after 6 weeks of treatment. In contrast, circulating vitamin D (vitamin D2 + vitamin D3) was higher in the + UVB WGO group than in the control group receiving no WGO.

Conclusion
UVB-exposed WGO containing 23.7 µg vitamin D can increase 25(OH)D2 levels but do no improve total serum levels of 25(OH)D of vitamin D-insufficient subjects.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03499327 (registered, April 13, 2018).
Clinical spectrum of female genital malformations in prenatal diagnosis
Authors: Mallmann Michael R. , Gembruch Ulrich 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Fetal genital malformations represent a rare and heterogeneous group of congenital malformations of the disorders of sexual development (DSD) spectrum.

Methods
A thorough literature review on the main topics in the prenatal approach towards DSD was conducted.

Results
First, a thorough overview on prenatal characteristics of the most common fetal genital malformations of ovaries, uterus and external genitalia, and second, a standardized approach for differential diagnosis in the presence of direct and indirect prenatal signs of DSDs.

Conclusions
This review is mainly directed towards the aspects of female genital malformations with aspects of male DSD explained as well to aid in the prenatal differential diagnosis.
Post-traumatic stress disorder following childbirth: prevalence and associated factors—a prospective cohort study
Authors: Steetskamp J. , Treiber L. , Roedel A. , Thimmel V. , Hasenburg A. , Skala C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective
Traumatic experiences during or after childbirth are subject of intense discussions in mainstream and social media as well as in scientific literature. Aim of this evaluation is to estimate the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following childbirth in postpartum women and to evaluate the influence of maternal, obstetrical and neonatal characteristics on the degree of PTSD symptoms measured by the Impact of Events Scale questionnaire (IES-R).

Methods
In total, 589 women who gave birth in the University Medical Center Mainz, Germany in 2016, participated in a survey within the first days after birth. Of these, 278 also participated 6 months later. All participants received the validated Impact of Events Scale questionnaire (IES-R). The influence of maternal, obstetric and fetal parameters on PTSD score was evaluated.

Results
PTSD overall prevalence was 2.9%. Patients with PTSD had significantly less often personal support during labor (p < 0.001). Maternal age (p < 0.001), parity (p < 0.001), migration background (p < 0.001), mode of delivery (p < 0.001) and assistance during labor (p < 0.001) were parameters significantly influential on the PTSD symptom level measured by the IES-R.

Conclusions
Maternal PTSD prevalence after childbirth seems to be quite rare with 2.9%. Nevertheless, recent findings assume that this prevalence may only represent the “tip of the iceberg”. PTSD after childbirth should not be underestimated. As PTSD depends on personal vulnerability and existing risk factors, patients at risk have to be detected before childbirth, which appears to be challenging especially for obstetric and family care professionals.
Identification of fresh submarine groundwater off the coast of San Diego, USA, using electromagnetic methods
Authors: King Roslynn B. , Danskin Wesley R. , Constable Steven , Maloney Jillian M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractClimate change has a pronounced effect on water resources in many semiarid climates, causing populated areas such as San Diego County (USA), to become more vulnerable to water shortages in the coming decades. To prepare for decreased water supply, San Diego County is adopting policies to decrease water use and to develop additional local sources of water. One new local source of freshwater is produced by a desalination facility that purifies brackish groundwater from the coastal San Diego Formation. This formation has been studied extensively onshore, but little is known about the geology or groundwater quality offshore in the adjacent continental shelf. Because most groundwater systems are interconnected and complex, further analysis is needed to identify offshore geology, possible sequestration of freshwater in the shelf, and potential pathways for saltwater intrusion. This comprehensive understanding is important because seawater intrusion may limit use of the San Diego Formation and longevity of desalination facilities. Controlled-source electromagnetic methods are uniquely suited to detecting offshore groundwater as they are sensitive to changes in pore fluids such as the transition from fresh to brackish groundwater. This paper describes results from surface-towed electromagnetic surveys that mapped the pore-fluid salinity and possible fluid pathways in the continental shelf off the coast of San Diego. The results indicate a considerable volume of fresh-to-brackish groundwater sequestered in the shelf, both in continuous lenses and isolated pockets, that appear influenced by fault systems and shallow stratigraphy.
Preventing active re-identification attacks on social graphs via sybil subgraph obfuscation
Authors: Mauw Sjouke , Ramírez-Cruz Yunior , Trujillo-Rasua Rolando 
Published: February 2022

AbstractActive re-identification attacks constitute a serious threat to privacy-preserving social graph publication, because of the ability of active adversaries to leverage fake accounts, a.k.a.sybil nodes, to enforce structural patterns that can be used to re-identify their victims on anonymised graphs. Several formal privacy properties have been enunciated with the purpose of characterising the resistance of a graph against active attacks. However, anonymisation methods devised on the basis of these properties have so far been able to address only restricted special cases, where the adversaries are assumed to leverage a very small number of sybil nodes. In this paper, we present a new probabilistic interpretation of active re-identification attacks on social graphs. Unlike the aforementioned privacy properties, which model the protection from active adversaries as the task of making victim nodes indistinguishable in terms of their fingerprints with respect to all potential attackers, our new formulation introduces a more complete view, where the attack is countered by jointly preventing the attacker from retrieving the set of sybil nodes, and from using these sybil nodes for re-identifying the victims. Under the new formulation, we show thatk-symmetry, a privacy property introduced in the context of passive attacks, provides a sufficient condition for the protection against active re-identification attacks leveraging an arbitrary number of sybil nodes. Moreover, we show that the algorithmK-Match, originally devised for efficiently enforcing the related notion ofk-automorphism, also guaranteesk-symmetry. Empirical results on real-life and synthetic graphs demonstrate that our formulation allows, for the first time, to publish anonymised social graphs (with formal privacy guarantees) that effectively resist the strongest active re-identification attack reported in the literature, even when it leverages a large number of sybil nodes.
Lactylation: a Passing Fad or the Future of Posttranslational Modification
Authors: Xin Qi , Wang Hai , Li Qinglin , Liu Sinan , Qu Kai , Liu Chang , Zhang Jingyao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLactate is a glycolytic product and a significant energy source. Moreover, it regulates gene transcription via lactylation of histones and non-histone proteins, i.e., a novel posttranslational modification. This review summarizes recent advances related to lactylation in lactate metabolism and diseases. Notably, lactylation plays a vital role in cancer, inflammation, and regeneration; however, the specific mechanism remains unclear. Histone lactylation regulates oncogenic processes by targeting gene transcription and inflammation via macrophage activation. Eventually, we identified research gaps and recommended several primary directions for further studies.
Odour-mediated Interactions Between an Apex Reptilian Predator and its Mammalian Prey
Authors: Dickman Christopher R. , Fardell Loren L. , Hills Nicole 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn important but understudied modality for eavesdropping between predators and prey is olfaction, especially between non-mammalian vertebrate predators and their prey. Here we test three olfactory eavesdropping predictions involving an apex reptilian predator, the sand goanna Varanus gouldii, and several species of its small mammalian prey in arid central Australia: 1) small mammals will recognize and avoid the odour of V. gouldii; 2) V. gouldii will be attracted to the odour of small mammals, especially of species that maximize its energetic returns; and 3) small mammals will be less mobile and will show higher burrow fidelity where V. gouldii is absent compared with where it is present. As expected, we found that small mammals recognized and avoided faecal odour of this goanna, feeding less intensively at food patches where the odour of V. gouldii was present than at patches with no odour or a pungency control odour. Varanus gouldii also was attracted to the odour of small mammals in artificial burrows and dug more frequently at burrows containing the odour of species that were energetically profitable than at those of species likely to yield diminishing returns. Our third prediction received mixed support. Rates of movement of three species of small mammals were no different where V. gouldii was present or absent, but burrow fidelity in two of these species increased as expected where V. gouldii had been removed. We conclude that olfaction plays a key role in the dynamic interaction between V. gouldii and its mammalian prey, with the interactants using olfaction to balance their respective costs of foraging and reducing predation risk. We speculate that the risk of predation from this apex reptilian predator drives the highly unusual burrow-shifting behaviour that characterizes many of Australia's small desert mammals.
Day versus night use of forest by red and roe deer as determined by Corine Land Cover and Copernicus Tree Cover Density: assessing use of geographic layers in movement ecology
Authors: Salvatori M. , De Groeve J. , van Loon E. , De Baets B. , Morellet N. , Focardi S. , Bonnot N. C. , Gehr B. , Griggio M. , Heurich M. , Kroeschel M. , Licoppe A. , Moorcroft P. , Pedrotti L. , Signer J. , Van de Weghe N. , Cagnacci F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Context
Diel use of forest and open habitats by large herbivores is linked to species-specific needs of multiple and heterogeneous resources. However, forest cover layers might deviate considerably for a given landscape, potentially affecting evaluations of animals’ habitat use.

Objectives
We assessed inconsistency in the estimates of diel forest use by red and roe deer at GPS location and home range (HR) levels, using two geographic layers: Tree Cover Density (TCD) and Corine Land Cover (CLC).

Methods
We first measured the classification mismatch of red and roe deer GPS locations between TCD and CLC, also with respect to habitat units’ size. Then, we used Generalised Least Squares models to assess the proportional use of forest at day and night at the GPS location and HR levels, both with TCD and CLC.

Results
About 20% of the GPS locations were inconsistently classified as forest or open habitat by the two layers, particularly within smaller habitat units. Overall proportion of forest and open habitat, though, was very similar for both layers. In all populations, both deer species used forest more at day than at night and this pattern was more evident with TCD than with CLC. However, at the HR level, forest use estimates were only marginally different between the two layers.

Conclusions
When estimating animal habitat use, geographic layer choice requires careful evaluation with respect to ecological questions and target species. Habitat use analyses based on GPS locations are more sensitive to layer choice than those based on home ranges.
The effects of Ginsenosides on PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Ghafouri-Fard Soudeh , Balaei Neda , Shoorei Hamed , Hasan Syed Muhammad Farid , Hussen Bashdar Mahmud , Talebi Seyedeh Fahimeh , Taheri Mohammad , Ayatollahi Seyed Abdulmajid 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGinsenosides belong to a group of steroid glycosides that are extracted from the plant genus Panax (ginseng). This plant has been used for a long time for the treatment of a variety of disorders in traditional medicine. Recent studies have assessed the biological impact of Ginsenosides in cell culture or animal models. Animal studies have shown their beneficial impacts in the remedy of pathological conditions in different tissues. The ameliorating effects of Ginsenosides in diverse pathogenic conditions can be attributed to their effects on the production of reactive oxygen species. These substances mainly affect the activity of AMPK/AKT and PI3K/AKT pathways. The beneficial effects of Ginsenosides have been appraised in diabetes-related complications, spinal cord injury, cerebral ischemia, myocardial ischemia, and other disorders which are associated with oxidative stress. Moreover, these substances have been shown to interfere with the pathologic conditions during carcinogenesis. In the current study, we explain these impacts in two distinct sections including non-neoplastic conditions and neoplastic conditions.
CircAXL Knockdown Alleviates Aβ1-42-Induced Neurotoxicity in Alzheimer’s Disease via Repressing PDE4A by Releasing miR-1306-5p
Authors: Meng Shengxi , Wang Bing , Li Wentao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is implicated with the dysregulation of numerous circular RNAs (circRNAs). However, the function of several circRNAs remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of circular AXL receptor tyrosine kinase (circAXL) in AD. Cell models of AD were constructed by treating SK-N-SH cells with amyloid-β (Aβ1-42). The expression of circAXL, miR-1306-5p and phosphodiesterase 4A (PDE4A) mRNA was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Cell viability was checked by CCK-8 assay. The production of inflammatory factors was monitored by ELISA. Cell apoptosis was checked by flow cytometry assay. Oxidative stress was assessed by ROS level, MDA level and SOD activity using commercial kits. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was assessed by ER-related protein markers using western blotting. The relationship between miR-1306-5p and circAXL or PDE4A was validated by RIP assay and dual-luciferase reporter assay. Serum exosomes were isolated by centrifugation to assess the diagnostic value of exosomal circAXL, miR-1306-5p and PDE4A. CircAXL was overexpressed in Aβ1-42-treated SK-N-SH cells. CircAXL knockdown alleviated Aβ1-42-induced cell cytotoxicity, cell apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in SK-N-SH cells. MiR-1306-5p was screened as a target of circAXL, and miR-1306-5p inhibition abolished the effects of circAXL knockdown. MiR-1306-5p inhibited the expression of PDE4A, and circAXL regulated PDE4A expression by targeting miR-1306-5p. MiR-1306-5p restoration also alleviated Aβ1-42-induced cell injuries, while PDE4A reintroduction abolished the effects of miR-1306-5p restoration. Exosomal circAXL and exosomal miR-1306-5p had diagnostic values for AD. CircAXL knockdown alleviates Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity in AD pathology via repressing PDE4A by releasing miR-1306-5p.
Microbial response of distinct soil types to land-use intensification at a South-Indian rural-urban interface
Authors: Moran-Rodas Virna Estefania , Chavannavar Suvarna V. , Joergensen Rainer Georg , Wachendorf Christine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsRural-urban dynamics are leading to agricultural intensification practices, which affect microbial ecosystem functions in a soil-specific way. This study aimed to investigate what effects agricultural intensification has on soil microbial communities.MethodsThe effects of N fertilization level (low and high) and crop type (maize and finger millet) on microbial communities were investigated, using a two-factorial split-plot design, at two fields (irrigated and rainfed) on typical soil types (Nitisol and Acrisol) mimicking an intensification gradient in the rural-urban interface of the Indian Megacity Bangalore.ResultsThe Nitisol had higher pH and clay content than the Acrisol. In combination with irrigation, this led to higher aboveground plant biomass (APB), soil organic carbon (SOC), microbial biomass (MB), fungal ergosterol and microbial necromass. High APB resulted in low total P content, due to P export in APB and high soil C/P and MB-C/P ratios in the Nitisol. Crop type and N fertilization level did not affect microbial parameters in the irrigated Nitisol, whereas crop type affected ergosterol and MBP and N fertilization level affected basal respiration in the rainfed Acrisol. Particulate organic matter (POM) was a major explanatory factor for most microbial parameters in both soils. In the Acrisol, drought reduced metabolic demand, which counteracted negative effects of low pH and clay on the MB. This was indicated by similar metabolic quotients and MBC/SOC ratios in both soils.ConclusionsThese results indicate the current need for water and high-quality fresh plant inputs to improve the microbial contribution to soil fertility at Bangalore.