bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beneficial effects of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract on inflammatory markers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the clinical trials
Authors: Mousavi Seyedeh Neda , Hosseinikia Mahboobe , Yousefi Rad Esmaeil , Saboori Somayeh 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe beneficial effects of Ginkgo biloba on cardio‐metabolic markers have been reported. However, its effect on inflammation is not assessed in any meta‐analysis. We performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GBLE) on serum C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) levels. A systematic search was performed on four databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, up to October 2021. After screening, 17 trials met our inclusion criteria. Trials were of 1–24 weeks of duration and included 1,104 participants. In the meta‐analysis, the weighted mean differences (WMD) in change for serum CRP were −1.5 mg/L (95% CI: −2.16, −0.85, p < 0.001). Moreover, WMD for serum IL‐6 and TNF‐α were in favor of the GBLE compared to the placebo [(−16.86 pg/mL, 95% CI: −19.38, −14.34, p < 0.001); and (−4.19 pg/mL, 95%CI: −5.14, −3.23, p < 0.001), respectively]. Subgroup analysis showed that GBLE has a beneficial effect on serum CRP at the baseline levels≥3 mg/L and doses<500 mg/day. This meta‐analysis showed that the GBLE could reduce serum inflammatory markers. Therefore, this medicinal herb might be a possible strategy for inflammation control.
The role of package design typicality on a hand sanitizer purchase
Authors: Frierson Ami , Hurley Rupert A. , Kimmel Robert M. , Griffin Sarah , Bridges William , Roth Ginger , Kessler Samuel J. 
Published: July 2022

This descriptive research uses multiple methods to understand consumers' interactions with hand sanitizer packaging at the point of purchase during the coronavirus pandemic. An analysis of common visual codes within the product category defines a typical hand sanitizer package at the time of the study. Eye‐tracking biometrics systematically describe consumers' attention to hand sanitizer products while shopping. Finally, quantitative and qualitative survey data capture participants' perceived typicality of hand sanitizer packaging, package element preferences and their attitude towards the product.A multiple regression analysis found that visual appeal, brand confidence and packaging have a significant positive relationship to participants' perceived typicality. Packages perceived as typical were best described as transparent with non‐pigmented products and few graphical elements included on the principal display panel (PDP). Form, dispensing method and active ingredient were the most important considerations in hand sanitizer purchases. Participants indicated that brand was not an important factor when shopping for hand sanitizer, but biometrics suggested that it was more important than most other text.Findings contribute to the growing research around package design typicality with a novel product category and offer a baseline understanding of expectations for hand sanitizer packaging. Attention towards 11 hand sanitizer packaging stimuli and survey responses of 61 human subjects located in the southeast United States during the coronavirus pandemic were collected and analysed. Further research is needed to understand consumer interaction with hand sanitizer packaging outside this context.
Combining ab initio and machine learning method to improve the prediction of diatomic vibrational energies
Authors: Fu Jia , Wan Zhitao , Yang Zhangzhang , Liu Li , Fan Qunchao , Xie Feng , Zhang Yi , Ma Jie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThrough the comprehensive analysis of ab initio and experimental results of a large number of diatomic systems, the systematic deviation of ab initio method in vibrational energies prediction caused by physical/mathematical simplification is located. A joint ab initio and machine learning method based on information across molecules is proposed to deal with the problem. Starting from an ab initio model, and then systematically modifying it through machine learning, the vibrational energies prediction of many diatomic systems (SiC, HBr, NO, PC, N2, SiO, O2, ClF, etc.) have been improved, and significantly surpassed the more complex ab initio model. In addition to the improvement of accuracy, the new method also greatly reduces the computational expense, and is applicable for the systems without experimental data.
Tracking control for large‐scale switched nonlinear systems subject to asymmetric input saturation and output hysteresis: A new adaptive network‐based approach
Authors: Han Yu‐Qun , He Wen‐Jing , Li Na , Zhu Shan‐Liang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFor large‐scale switched nonlinear systems subject to asymmetric input saturation and output hysteresis, an adaptive control strategy is put forward by using a novel neural network, that is, multi‐dimensional Taylor network (MTN), which can effectively cope with the output tracking problem of this system. Firstly, asymmetric input saturation is expressed as the combination of a linear function and a bounded error function. Then, the modified Bouc‐Wen hysteresis model is employed to solve the nonlinear problem caused by output hysteresis. Afterwards, based on the approximation ability of MTN, a novel adaptive decentralized control method is designed by combining Lyapunov stability theory with adaptive backstepping technology, which realizes the stability and boundedness of the controlled systems. It should be noted that the asymmetric input saturation, the output hysteresis, large‐scale nonlinear systems and switched nonlinear systems appear in the same framework for the first time. Finally, a practical example and a numerical example are given to verify the availability of the proposed control strategy.
An elementary mechanism for simultaneously modeling discrete decisions and decision times
Authors: Yu Jiangbo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the field of system dynamics (SD), there has been a missing set of theoretically sound techniques for explicitly modeling dynamics during discrete decision‐making processes across varying levels and types of decision pressures. Purchasing a property, filing a divorce, approving a merger, imposing a tariff, and launching a war are examples of actions that have broader ramifications; in these cases, the decisions and timing of those decisions are crucial in understanding and predicting the interactions between the decision‐makers and their environments. Sequential Sampling Models (SSMs) have remained commonplace in cognitive psychology (CP) for decades because of their utility in simultaneously capturing individual decisions and decision‐time distributions. This article reviews existing SSM literature and proposes a generalized, elementary mechanism distilled from existing SSMs, which establishes a connection between SD and CP in the hope of benefiting both fields. © 2022 System Dynamics Society.
The Importance of Phenology and Thermal Exposure to Early Life History Success of Nonnative Smallmouth Bass in the Yellowstone River
Authors: Voss Nicholas S. , Al‐Chokhachy Robert , Sepulveda Adam J. , Verhille Christine E. , Ruggles Michael P. , Zale Alexander V. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractKnowledge of potential spread by introduced species is critical to effective management and conservation. The Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu is an example of a fish that has been introduced globally, often spreads after introduction, and has substantial predatory impacts on fish assemblages. Nonnative Smallmouth Bass in the free‐flowing Yellowstone River, Montana, have expanded from warmer, downstream sections of river into colder, upstream sections containing socio‐economically valuable trout fisheries. We sought insight into mechanisms controlling upstream spread by evaluating whether progressively colder upstream climates physiologically constrained successful recruitment by limiting age‐0 growth and preventing overwinter survival (i.e., population establishment). We documented the phenology, growth, and overwinter survival of age‐0 Smallmouth Bass across a temperature gradient leading to their upstream extent in the Yellowstone River. The upstream extent of population establishment did not appear limited by water temperature alone. Age‐0 body size at the onset of winter did not differ significantly between colder, upstream reaches and warmer, downstream reaches. Instead, the earlier hatch timing exhibited by some age‐0 individuals in upstream sections allowed them to experience longer growing seasons than many individuals in downstream sections. This counter‐intuitive hatching phenology mediated much of the expected decreases in growth in colder, upstream climates. Furthermore, evidence of successful overwinter survival and simulations of age‐0 starvation mortality indicated that age‐0 individuals at the upstream extent of their distribution successfully recruited to the age‐1 year‐class during four consecutive years. However, age‐0 individuals were rare or absent throughout the uppermost upstream distribution of adults, suggesting that something other than temperature limits or discourages reproduction farther upstream. Taken together, our results suggest that Smallmouth Bass have not yet reached the thermal limit of their upstream distribution in the Yellowstone River and that future spread may challenge fisheries managers tasked with management of coldwater trout fisheries in this river.
Embracing equity and excellence while constructing science teacher identities in urban schools: Voices of new Teachers of Color
Authors: Varelas Maria , Segura David , Bernal‐Munera Marcela , Mitchener Carole 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe explored how new Teachers of Color grappled with equity and excellence as they were constructing science teacher identities while learning to teach in a teacher education program committed to equity, justice, and excellence, and eventually teaching in urban schools where inequities and injustices persist. The theoretical framing, compiled from various bodies of literature, weaved together what we consider as essential parts of teacher identity construction and provided a lens with which to examine how conceptions of equity and excellence that the study participants were constructing meshed with their multiple identities, considerations on legitimate knowledge production, and dialectical relationships with which they grappled. Using transcendental phenomenology, we learned from and with three Black and Latinx teachers and their narratives. The teachers intertwined similarly and differently their evolving conceptions of equity and excellence into their evolving science teacher identities as they engaged in forms of contentious local practice and reflected on their experiences as science Teachers of Color teaching predominately Students of Color. Their multiple identities were meshed with histories of larger institutions—science, schooling, and society—and together these were shaping their conceptions of equity and excellence. The intermingling of equity and excellence, which was guiding the curricular and instructional decisions they were making in their classrooms, was also linked to what they considered as legitimate knowledge production in science classes and what counted as knowledge that their students needed to know at different times. The various dilemmas defined by opposing poles with which they were grappling also functioned as scales on which their coordinated equity‐excellence unit of meaning was forming. Based on the study, we offer insights into practices that science teacher educators may consider as they prepare new teachers, and work with practicing teachers, to embrace and coordinate equity and excellence in their ever‐developing science teacher identities.
Migration in West Africa: An Introduction
Authors: Teye Joseph Kofi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis book examines the dynamics and impacts of international migration within and from West Africa. Although population mobility is not a recent phenomenon in West Africa, the sub-region has become the focus of policy discussions on migration in recent years because it is characterised by high levels of labour migration (Olsen, 2011) and forced displacement (UNHCR, 2020a). West Africa is experiencing ‘mixed migration’, which refers to “cross-border movements of people, including refugees fleeing persecution and conflict, victims of trafficking, and people seeking better lives and opportunities” (Mixed Migration Centre, 2021: 2). While media narratives suggest an exodus of Africans to the global North, intra-regional mobility is the dominant type of movement in West Africa, with more than 70% of migrants from West African countries moving to destinations within the sub-region (UNDESA, 2018). Although West Africans are among the most mobile people in the world, there is a general paucity of data on population mobility and its development impacts in the sub-region. Existing knowledge gaps make it difficult to integrate migration into development planning processes in the region. This book discusses theoretical perspectives and empirical findings on patterns, drivers, and socio-economic impacts of both voluntary and involuntary migration in West Africa. The authors raise key research questions and outline recommendations for improving migration governance, protecting migrants and harnessing the benefits of migration for socio-economic development for both countries of origin and destination of migrants.
Gendered Dynamics in West African Migration
Authors: Setrana Mary Boatemaa , Kleist Nauja 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMuch of the discourse on West African migration ignores gender perspectives or tends to focus on women ‘as’ gender while men are portrayed as, perhaps unwittingly, neutral or un-gendered. On the contrary, both men and women migrate from their homes either permanently or temporarily with or without their families. These movements impact on the traditional family system of many countries within the region and the migrants themselves. The traditional notion of the male as a ‘bread winner’ and ‘mover’ has witnessed changes; remittances transferred by both males and female migrants are used to support and improve the wellbeing of households; gender division of labour and its associated roles are re-negotiated when females migrate independently; and some female migrants are abused and exploited at destination areas. The analysis in the chapter thus indicates that there are key gendered dynamics of the impacts of migration on migrants themselves and their households. Additionally, family relations are central in the gendered dynamics of remittances, migration aspirations, and return migration. In the process, masculinity and femininity ideals are negotiated and changed, even if patriarchal norms continue to affect notions of female migration in some settings.
External Adaptation
Authors: Tipurić Darko 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe central concept in this chapter is external adaptation—an inextricable element of strategic leadership architecture which, together with strategic direction and integration of the collective, affects organisational action and guides it towards the expectations and outcomes that contribute to the organisation’s survival. The chapter illustrates the role of environmental turbulences, institutional context, and institutional pressures in shaping organizational and leader behavior. Strategic leaders have to adapt their actions to the basic characteristics of the organisation’s environment. Their task is to find a way to get the organisation harmonized and almost imbued with its overall surroundings, both present and future. External adaptation, therefore, is a link created by strategic leaders between the organisation and its environment.
Strategic Direction
Authors: Tipurić Darko 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, the focus is on a strategic direction which is the starting point of strategy and the foothold of strategic leaders. Strategic direction determines the space available for organisational action and major business decisions; it is a guide of sorts for interaction with the future environment. It is especially important when innovative and visionary actions require a special kind of leadership and managerial skills. Mission and vision are argued to be mutually connected and inseparable constructs that are both comprised in the category of strategic direction. Mission creates a context in which vision is shaped, strategic objectives defined, and strategic activities developed while vision gives a purpose of action and it can be viewed as both a rationale of the organisation and a foundation for building commitment and inspiring stronger engagement of the organisation’s members.
Organisational Culture, Leadership Language and Integration of the Collective
Authors: Tipurić Darko 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter concentrates on organisational culture as a system of beliefs, understandings, and ways of thinking which is common to everyone in the organisation and implies a specific, distinct form of behaviour. Strategic leadership is inseparable from the cultural stage built on shared assumptions, symbols, language, and behaviour patterns. Further on, this chapter explains the concept of network of trusts; Trust in the collective is thecondicio sine qua nonfor creating and implementing organisational strategy. Leadership language and rhetoric are constructs inseparable from strategic leadership; Top strategic leaders are narrators and orators and are good at storytelling and creating other narratives that enhance the plausibility of action and encourage togetherness in fulfilling organisational objectives.
Abstract concepts: external influences, internal constraints, and methodological issues
Authors: Borghi Anna M. , Shaki Samuel , Fischer Martin H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThere is a longstanding and widely held misconception about the relative remoteness of abstract concepts from concrete experiences. This review examines the current evidence for external influences and internal constraints on the processing, representation, and use of abstract concepts, liketruth, friendship,andnumber. We highlight the theoretical benefit of distinguishing between grounded and embodied cognition and then ask which roles do perception, action, language, and social interaction play in acquiring, representing and using abstract concepts. By reviewing several studies, we show that they are, against the accepted definition, not detached from perception and action. Focussing on magnitude-related concepts, we also discuss evidence for cultural influences on abstract knowledge and explore how internal processes such as inner speech, metacognition, and inner bodily signals (interoception) influence the acquisition and retrieval of abstract knowledge. Finally, we discuss some methodological developments. Specifically, we focus on the importance of studies that investigate the time course of conceptual processing and we argue that, because of the paramount role of sociality for abstract concepts, new methods are necessary to study concepts in interactive situations. We conclude that bodily, linguistic, and social constraints provide important theoretical limitations for our theories of conceptual knowledge.
Tics: neurological disorders determined by a deficit in sensorimotor gating processes
Authors: Schilke Edoardo Dalmato , Tremolizzo Lucio , Appollonio Ildebrando , Ferrarese Carlo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Tic related disorders affect 4–20% of the population, mostly idiopathic, can be grouped in a wide spectrum of severity, where the most severe end is Tourette Syndrome (TS). Tics are arrhythmic hyperkinesias to whom execution the subject is forced by a “premonitory urge” that can be classified as sensory tic, just-right experience or urge without obsession. If an intact volitional inhibition allows patients to temporarily suppress tics, a lack or deficit in automatic inhibition is involved in the genesis of the disorder. Studies have assessed the presence of intrinsic microscopic and macroscopic anomalies in striatal circuits and relative cortical areas in association with a hyperdopaminergic state in the basal forebrain. Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex is a measure of inhibitory functions by which a weak sensory stimulus inhibits the elicitation of a startle response determined by a sudden intense stimulus. It is considered an operation measure of sensorimotor gating, a neural process by which unnecessary stimuli are eliminated from awareness. Evidence points out that the limbic domain of the CSTC loops, dopamine and GABA receptors within the striatum play an important role in PPI modulation. It is conceivable that a sensorimotor gating deficit may be involved in the genesis of premonitory urge and symptoms. Therefore, correcting the sensorimotor gating deficit may be considered a target for tic-related disorders therapies; in such case PPI (as well as other indirect estimators of sensorimotor gating) could represent therapeutic impact predictors.
The Importance of Consumer Authorities for the Production and Maintenance of Trust and Social Capital in Consumer Markets
Authors: Berg L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTrust is a valuable resource that varies between countries. This paper suggests that consumers’ trust in retailers and service providers, facilitating interactions and transactions between sellers and buyers in impersonal markets, is best understood asgeneralized trust. The paper is based on 28 037 respondents’ evaluations of consumer conditions in 30 European countries. The material reveals large country-to-country variations in the percentages of residents who trust public authorities to protect their consumer rights. Moreover, there are large differences in the percentages who trust retailers and service providers to respect their rights as consumers. A multilevel path analysis supports the paper’s main hypothesis thatfair and effective consumer authorities enhance generalized trust in the markets.The analyses also demonstrate that fair and effective consumer institutions contribute to more equality in the markets. It is argued that consumer markets are important arenas for the maintenance and production of trust and social capital. And that generalized trust produced in markets will probably extend to, and be valuable for, the wider society.
COVID-19: A Neoliberal Nirvana?
Authors: Watermeyer Richard , Raaper Rille , Borras Batalla Margarida 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted the operation of universities around the world. A transition to online platforms and remote forms of working as a consequence of national lockdown measures and campus closures has produced new labour challenges for academic faculty. This article makes use of 12 months of reporting from the academic trade press related to the experience of the pandemic in the UK higher education sector. Accounts published within Times Higher Education signpost the accelerating and accentuating effects of COVID-19 as it relates to universities’ neoliberalization; corporate managerialism within UK universities; and academic work precarization and work-based inequities.