bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impaired brain activity in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy and its changes after catheter ablation
Authors: Yoshihisa Akiomi , Kono Soichi , Kaneshiro Takashi , Ichijo Yasuhiro , Misaka Tomofumi , Yamada Shinya , Oikawa Masayoshi , Miura Itaru , Yabe Hirooki , Takeishi Yasuchika 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlthough the prevalence of cognitive impairment and depression is higher in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) than in the general population, the mechanism has not been fully examined and impact of catheter ablation (CA) of AF also remains unclear. Recently, the development of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has enabled noninvasive measurements of regional cerebral blood volume and brain activity, in terms of cerebral oxyhemoglobin in the cerebral cortex. We assessed brain activities by NIRS, depressive symptoms by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and cognitive function by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). We then compared the results between AF patients (paroxysmal AF n = 18 and persistent AF n = 14) and control subjects (n = 29). Next, we also followed up persistent AF patients who kept sinus rhythm at 3 months after CA (n = 8) and measured their brain activities using NIRS, CES-D and MMSE after CA to investigate the associations of changes in brain activities with changes in both CES-D and MMSE. Our results showed that (1) frontal and temporal brain activities were lower in patients with persistent AF than both in control subjects and paroxysmal AF patients (P < 0.01), (2) frontal and temporal brain activities were improved in more than half of the persistent AF patients who kept sinus rhythm at 3 months after CA, especially in those who presented impaired brain activity before CA, and (3) improvement of frontal brain activity was associated with improvement of CES-D (R =  − 0.793, P = 0.019), whereas improvement of temporal brain activity was associated with improvement of MMSE (R = 0.749, P = 0.033). NIRS measurement showed reduced frontal and temporal brain activities in the persistent AF patients, CA improved frontal and temporal brain activities in some of these patients, and associated with improvement of depressive state and/or improvement of cognitive function.
An automated cell line authentication method for AstraZeneca global cell bank using deep neural networks on brightfield images
Authors: Tong Lei , Corrigan Adam , Kumar Navin Rathna , Hallbrook Kerry , Orme Jonathan , Wang Yinhai , Zhou Huiyu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCell line authentication is important in the biomedical field to ensure that researchers are not working with misidentified cells. Short tandem repeat is the gold standard method, but has its own limitations, including being expensive and time-consuming. Deep neural networks achieve great success in the analysis of cellular images in a cost-effective way. However, because of the lack of centralized available datasets, whether or not cell line authentication can be replaced or supported by cell image classification is still a question. Moreover, the relationship between the incubation times and cellular images has not been explored in previous studies. In this study, we automated the process of the cell line authentication by using deep learning analysis of brightfield cell line images. We proposed a novel multi-task framework to identify cell lines from cell images and predict the duration of how long cell lines have been incubated simultaneously. Using thirty cell lines’ data from the AstraZeneca Cell Bank, we demonstrated that our proposed method can accurately identify cell lines from brightfield images with a 99.8% accuracy and predicts the incubation durations for cell images with the coefficient of determination score of 0.927. Considering that new cell lines are continually added to the AstraZeneca Cell Bank, we integrated the transfer learning technique with the proposed system to deal with data from new cell lines not included in the pre-trained model. Our method achieved excellent performance with a precision of 97.7% and recall of 95.8% in the detection of 14 new cell lines. These results demonstrated that our proposed framework can effectively identify cell lines using brightfield images.
Male-biased sex ratio in the crawling individuals of an invasive naticid snail during summer: implications for population management
Authors: Yoshida Kazuki , Setogawa Tomoka , Sato Toshiyuki , Yamada Manabu , Sato Tatsuma , Narita Kaoru , Matsumoto Akira , Tomiyama Takeshi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe naticid snail Laguncula pulchella is an invasive species that preys on clams in tidal flats and has serious impacts on clam fisheries in Japan. Laguncula pulchella burrow in sand, but often crawl on sediment surfaces during low tide. We investigated seasonal changes in the abundance and sex ratio of crawling L. pulchella during the daytime at Matsukawaura Lagoon, Japan, from March to October from 2015 to 2019. The density of crawling individuals peaked in July. The sex ratio of crawling individuals varied with months and years but was significantly biased towards males during the main copulation period (July–August); males accounted for 77–98% of the mature crawling individuals (≥ 25 mm shell height). The somatic condition of mature males declined from June to August, whereas that of females was constant during this period. These results indicate that mature males actively come to the sand surface during low tide to search for females for copulation from July to August. Fishermen make efforts to remove crawling individuals in summer, but the male-biased sex ratio must also be considered for effective population control of this species.
Vulnerability and stressors on the pathway to depression in a global cohort of young athletics (track and field) athletes
Authors: Timpka Toomas , Dahlström Örjan , Fagher Kristina , Adami Paolo Emilio , Andersson Christer , Jacobsson Jenny , Svedin Carl Göran , Bermon Stéphane 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis research set out to identify pathways from vulnerability and stressors to depression in a global population of young athletes. Retrospective data were collected at age 18–19 years from Athletics athletes (n = 1322) originating from Africa, Asia, Europe, Oceania, and the Americas. We hypothesised that sports-related and non-sports-related stressors in interaction with structural vulnerability instigate depression. Path modelling using Maximum likelihood estimation was employed for the data analysis. Depression caseness and predisposition were determined using the WHO-5 instrument. Thirty-six percent of the athletes (n = 480) returned complete data. Eighteen percent of the athletes reported lifetime physical abuse, while 11% reported sexual abuse. Forty-five percent of the athletes had recently sustained an injury. The prevalence of depression caseness was 5.6%. Pathways to depression caseness were observed from female sex (p = 0.037) and injury history (p = 0.035) and to predisposition for depression also through exposure to a patriarchal society (p = 0.046) and physical abuse (p < 0.001). We conclude that depression in a global population of young athletes was as prevalent as previously reported from general populations, and that universal mental health promotion in youth sports should include provision of equal opportunities for female and male participants, injury prevention, and interventions for abuse prevention and victim support.
Clinical characteristics of primary pars plana vitrectomy combined with air filling for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
Authors: Xu Changzhong , Wu Jianhua , Li Yanzi , Zhang Rui , Feng Chao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo detect the prognostic factors associated with initial reattachment after primary pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with air tamponade for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). We retrospectively reviewed 92 eyes of 92 patients with RRD. All eyes underwent PPV with air tamponade and a follow-up of at least 6 months. Initial anatomical success was defined as reattachment of the retina by a single operation. We performed univariate analysis to detect the presence of any difference between eyes with a successful initial reattachment and those that failed. We also performed multivariate logistic regression analysis to assess the influence of each preoperative factor on initial success. The rate of initial reattachment success was 93.5%. The percentage of retinal detachment involving the inferior quadrants in the initial success group was less than that in the initial failure group, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.043). There were no significant differences noted for other factors, such as symptom duration (P = 0.078) or location of retinal breaks (P = 0.065). Multiple logistic regression analysis using preoperative factors indicated that older age (odds ratio, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.82–0.97; P = 0.010) and non-involvement of inferior quadrants (odds ratio, 9.90; 95% confidence interval, 1.36–71.92; P = 0.023) were significantly associated with initial success. PPV combined with air may be an effective treatment for some simple RRDs (proliferative vitreoretinopathy [PVR] grade ≤ C1). Non-involvement of the inferior quadrants and older age at presentation are associated with a greater likelihood of anatomic success. The volume of air in the eye after surgery is also very important, which may also affect the reduction of retinal detachment.
Interaction within and between cortical networks subserving multisensory learning and its reorganization due to musical expertise
Authors: Paraskevopoulos Evangelos , Chalas Nikolas , Anagnostopoulou Alexandra , Bamidis Panagiotis D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecent advancements in the field of network science allow us to quantify inter-network information exchange and model the interaction within and between task-defined states of large-scale networks. Here, we modeled the inter- and intra- network interactions related to multisensory statistical learning. To this aim, we implemented a multifeatured statistical learning paradigm and measured evoked magnetoencephalographic responses to estimate task-defined state of functional connectivity based on cortical phase interaction. Each network state represented the whole-brain network processing modality-specific (auditory, visual and audiovisual) statistical learning irregularities embedded within a multisensory stimulation stream. The way by which domain-specific expertise re-organizes the interaction between the networks was investigated by a comparison of musicians and non-musicians. Between the modality-specific network states, the estimated connectivity quantified the characteristics of a supramodal mechanism supporting the identification of statistical irregularities that are compartmentalized and applied in the identification of uni-modal irregularities embedded within multisensory stimuli. Expertise-related re-organization was expressed by an increase of intra- and a decrease of inter-network connectivity, showing increased compartmentalization.
Pathogenic tau recruits wild-type tau into brain inclusions and induces gut degeneration in transgenic SPAM mice
Authors: Xia Yuxing , Prokop Stefan , Bell Brach M. , Gorion Kimberly-Marie M. , Croft Cara L. , Nasif Lith , Xu Guilian , Riffe Cara J. , Manaois Alyssa N. , Strang Kevin H. , Quintin Stephan S. , Paterno Giavanna , Tansey Malú Gámez , Borchelt David R. , Golde Todd E. , Giasson Benoit I. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPathological tau inclusions are neuropathologic hallmarks of many neurodegenerative diseases. We generated and characterized a transgenic mouse model expressing pathogenic human tau with S320F and P301S aggregating mutations (SPAM) at transgene levels below endogenous mouse tau protein levels. This mouse model develops a predictable temporal progression of tau pathology in the brain with biochemical and ultrastructural properties akin to authentic tau inclusions. Surprisingly, pathogenic human tau extensively recruited endogenous mouse tau into insoluble aggregates. Despite the early onset and rapid progressive nature of tau pathology, major neuroinflammatory and transcriptional changes were only detectable at later time points. Moreover, tau SPAM mice are the first model to develop loss of enteric neurons due to tau accumulation resulting in a lethal phenotype. With moderate transgene expression, rapidly progressing tau pathology, and a highly predictable lethal phenotype, the tau SPAM model reveals new associations of tau neurotoxicity in the brain and intestinal tract.
Variants of beta-glucan polysaccharides downregulate autoimmune inflammation
Authors: Fahlquist-Hagert Cecilia , Sareila Outi , Rosendahl Sofia , Holmdahl Rikard 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCommon infections and polysaccharides, from bacteria and yeasts, could trigger psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and possibly rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of β-glucan polysaccharides in the effector phase of arthritis and as regulators of psoriasis and PsA-like symptoms in mice. Collagen antibody induced arthritis was studied as a model of RA and mannan-induced psoriasis (MIP) was used as model for psoriasis and PsA, using mice with a mutation of Ncf1 on the B10.Q genetic background, making them highly disease susceptible. The mice were exposed to three common variants: 1,6-β-glucan, 1,3-β-glucan and 1,3-1,6-β-glucan. These β-glucans down-regulated disease in mice if administered simultaneously, before or after mannan. Interestingly, the protection was macrophage mannose receptor (MMR/CD206) dependent with a more pronounced protection long-term than short-term. The number of resident peritoneal macrophages decreased after in vivo challenge with β-glucan and mannan compared to mannan alone, whereas the numbers of infiltrating cells correspondingly increased, further indicating macrophages as key for β-glucan mediated regulation. At the doses tested, β-glucans could not induce arthritis, psoriasis or PsA in wild-type mice. However, β-glucans could ameliorate the PsA-like symptoms representing a new unforeseen possibility to explore for future clinical treatment.
The early-life exposome modulates the effect of polymorphic inversions on DNA methylation
Authors: Carreras-Gallo Natàlia , Cáceres Alejandro , Balagué-Dobón Laura , Ruiz-Arenas Carlos , Andrusaityte Sandra , Carracedo Ángel , Casas Maribel , Chatzi Leda , Grazuleviciene Regina , Gutzkow Kristine Bjerve , Lepeule Johanna , Maitre Léa , Nieuwenhuijsen Mark , Slama Remy , Stratakis Nikos , Thomsen Cathrine , Urquiza Jose , Wright John , Yang Tiffany , Escaramís Geòrgia , Bustamante Mariona , Vrijheid Martine , Pérez-Jurado Luis A. , González Juan R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPolymorphic genomic inversions are chromosomal variants with intrinsic variability that play important roles in evolution, environmental adaptation, and complex traits. We investigated the DNA methylation patterns of three common human inversions, at 8p23.1, 16p11.2, and 17q21.31 in 1,009 blood samples from children from the Human Early Life Exposome (HELIX) project and in 39 prenatal heart tissue samples. We found inversion-state specific methylation patterns within and nearby flanking each inversion region in both datasets. Additionally, numerous inversion-exposure interactions on methylation levels were identified from early-life exposome data comprising 64 exposures. For instance, children homozygous at inv-8p23.1 and higher meat intake were more susceptible to TDH hypermethylation (P = 3.8 × 10−22); being the inversion, exposure, and gene known risk factors for adult obesity. Inv-8p23.1 associated hypermethylation of GATA4 was also detected across numerous exposures. Our data suggests that the pleiotropic influence of inversions during development and lifetime could be substantially mediated by allele-specific methylation patterns which can be modulated by the exposome.
Extremely low-frequency pulses of faint magnetic field induce mitophagy to rejuvenate mitochondria
Authors: Toda Takuro , Ito Mikako , Takeda Jun-ichi , Masuda Akio , Mino Hiroyuki , Hattori Nobutaka , Mohri Kaneo , Ohno Kinji 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHumans are frequently exposed to time-varying and static weak magnetic fields (WMF). However, the effects of faint magnetic fields, weaker than the geomagnetic field, have been scarcely reported. Here we show that extremely low-frequency (ELF)-WMF, comprised of serial pulses of 10 µT intensity at 1–8 Hz, which is three or more times weaker than the geomagnetic field, reduces mitochondrial mass to 70% and the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complex II activity to 88%. Chemical inhibition of electron flux through the mitochondrial ETC complex II nullifies the effect of ELF-WMF. Suppression of ETC complex II subsequently induces mitophagy by translocating parkin and PINK1 to the mitochondria and by recruiting LC3-II. Thereafter, mitophagy induces PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis to rejuvenate mitochondria. The lack of PINK1 negates the effect of ELF-WMF. Thus, ELF-WMF may be applicable for the treatment of human diseases that exhibit compromised mitochondrial homeostasis, such as Parkinson’s disease.
Electron acceleration from transparent targets irradiated by ultra-intense helical laser beams
Authors: Blackman David R. , Shi Yin , Klein Sallee R. , Cernaianu Mihail , Doria Domenico , Ghenuche Petru , Arefiev Alexey 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe concept of electron acceleration by a laser beam in vacuum is attractive due to its seeming simplicity, but its implementation has been elusive, as it requires efficient electron injection into the beam and a mechanism for counteracting transverse expulsion. Electron injection during laser reflection off a plasma mirror is a promising mechanism, but it is sensitive to the plasma density gradient that is hard to control. We get around this sensitivity by utilizing volumetric injection that takes place when a helical laser beam traverses a low-density target. The electron retention is achieved by choosing the helicity, such that the transverse field profiles are hollow while the longitudinal fields are peaked on central axis. We demonstrate using three-dimensional simulations that a 3 PW helical laser can generate a 50 pC low-divergence electron beam with a maximum energy of 1.5 GeV. The unique features of the beam are short acceleration distance (∼100 μm), compact transverse size, high areal density, and electron bunching (∼100 as bunch duration).
Single extreme storm sequence can offset decades of shoreline retreat projected to result from sea-level rise
Authors: Harley Mitchell D. , Masselink Gerd , Ruiz de Alegría-Arzaburu Amaia , Valiente Nieves G. , Scott Tim 
Published: May 2022

AbstractExtreme storms cause extensive beach-dune erosion and are typically considered to enhance coastal erosion due to sea-level rise. However, extreme storms can also have a positive contribution to the nearshore sediment budget by exchanging sediment between the lower and upper shoreface and/or between adjacent headlands, potentially mitigating some adverse sea-level rise impacts. Here we use three high-resolution morphological datasets of extreme storm-recovery sequences from Australia, the UK and Mexico to quantify the nearshore sediment budget and relate these episodic volume changes to long-term coastal projections. We show that sediment gains over the upper shoreface were large (59–140 m3/m) and sufficient to theoretically offset decades of projected shoreline retreat due to sea-level rise, even for a high-end greenhouse gas emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). We conclude that increased confidence in shoreline projections relies fundamentally on a robust quantitative understanding of the sediment budget, including any major short-term sediment contribution by extreme storms.
Patient-reported outcomes and neurotoxicity markers in patients treated with bispecific LV20.19 CAR T cell therapy
Authors: Knight Jennifer M. , Szabo Aniko , Arapi Igli , Wu Ruizhe , Emmrich Amanda , Hackett Edward , Sauber Garrett , Yim Sharon , Johnson Bryon , Hari Parameswaran , Schneider Dina , Dropulic Boro , Cusatis Rachel N. , Cole Steve W. , Hillard Cecilia J. , Shah Nirav N. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
With the rising number of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell treated patients, it is increasingly important to understand the treatment’s impact on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and, ideally, identify biomarkers of central nervous system (CNS) adverse effects.

Methods
The purpose of this exploratory study was to assess short-term PROs and serum kynurenine metabolites for associated neurotoxicity among patients treated in an anti-CD20, anti-CD19 (LV20.19) CAR T cell phase I clinical trial (NCT03019055). Fifteen CAR T treated patients from the parent trial provided serum samples and self-report surveys 15 days before and 14, 28, and 90 days after treatment.

Results
Blood kynurenine concentrations increased over time in patients with evidence of neurotoxicity (p = 0.004) and were increased in self-reported depression (r = 0.52, p = 0.002). Depression improved after CAR T infusion (p = 0.035). Elevated 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3HAA) concentrations prior to cell infusion were also predictive of neurotoxicity onset (p = 0.031), suggesting it is a biomarker of neurotoxicity following CAR T cell therapy.

Conclusions
Elevated levels of kynurenine pathway metabolites among CAR T cell recipients are associated with depressed mood and neurotoxicity. Findings from this exploratory study are preliminary and warrant validation in a larger cohort.
Pre-diagnostic trajectories of lymphocytosis predict time to treatment and death in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Andersen Michael Asger , Grand Mia Klinten , Brieghel Christian , Siersma Volkert , Andersen Christen Lykkegaard , Niemann Carsten Utoft 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The dynamics of pre-diagnostic lymphocytosis in patients with ensuing chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) need to be explored as a better understanding of disease progression may improve treatment options and even lead to disease avoidance approaches. Our aim was to investigate the development of lymphocytosis prior to diagnosis in a population-based cohort of patients with CLL and to assess the prognostic information in these pre-diagnostic measurements.

Methods
All patients diagnosed with CLL in the Greater Copenhagen area between 2008 and 2016 were included in the study. Pre-diagnostic blood test results were obtained from the Copenhagen Primary Care Laboratory Database encompassing all blood tests requested by Copenhagen general practitioners. Using pre-diagnostic measurements, we developed a model to assess the prognosis following diagnosis. Our model accounts for known prognostic factors and corresponds to lymphocyte dynamics after diagnosis.

Results
We explore trajectories of lymphocytosis, associated with known recurrent mutations. We show that the pre-diagnostic trajectories are an independent predictor of time to treatment. The implementation of pre-diagnostic lymphocytosis slope groups improved the model predictions (compared to CLL-IPI alone) for treatment throughout the period. The model can manage the heterogeneous data that are to be expected from the real-world setting and adds further prognostic information.

Conclusions
Our findings further knowledge of the development of CLL and may eventually make prophylactic measures possible.
Study of polyphenols fromCaesalpinia paraguariensisas α-glucosidase inhibitors: kinetics and structure–activity relationship
Authors: Sgariglia Melina A. , Garibotto Francisco M. , Soberón José R. , Angelina Emilio L. , Andujar Sebastián A. , Vattuone Marta A. 
Published: May 2022

Ellagic derivatives isolated from Caesalpinia paraguariensis bark: (1) ellagic acid, (2) 3-O-methylellagic, (3) 3,3′-O-dimethylellagic acid, and (4) 3,3′-O-dimethylellagic-4-O-β-d-xylopyranoside and their binding modes on α-glucosidase.