bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Injustice of Dysfunctional Upbringing
Authors: Theofilopoulou Areti 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTEmpirical evidence shows that certain parental behaviours cause pervasive harms for children. These behaviours are not limited to abuse and neglect but include other non‐abusive, non‐neglectful behaviour such as invalidation. In this article, I argue that such cases of dysfunctional upbringing are unjust on three broad grounds. First, they seriously interfere with the ideal of equality of opportunity. Second, they entail violations of children's basic rights and interests, including their interest in developing the capacity for autonomy and their interest in enjoying the intrinsic goods of childhood. And third, they are criminogenic and raise a host of problems for criminal justice. For these reasons, justice requires preventing unjust parental behaviours, rather than attempting to redress them once they have already occurred. To identify the appropriate forward‐looking interventions, I distinguish the epistemic from the psychological causes of dysfunctional parental behaviours and argue that different interventions are required to tackle each cause. The former should include mandatory education on the potential harms of certain parental behaviours, while the latter should focus on therapeutic measures that address the unconscious and emotional mechanisms of our behaviour.
The association between common serum adipokines levels and postmenopausal osteoporosis: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Shu Linyuan , Fu Yimu , Sun Hui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe clinical relevance of blood levels of adipokines in individuals with postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) has not been previously clarified. We performed this meta‐analysis to clarify the association between three common adipokines levels and the occurrence of PMOP. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, and China National Knowledgement Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched for collecting articles published before 31 October 2021, without language and status restrictions. Fourteen studies met the selection criteria. Meta‐analysis revealed that blood leptin level was remarkably lower (mean difference [MD], −1.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], −3.83 to −0.06; I2 = 96%) and adiponectin level was remarkably higher (MD, 3.48; 95% CI, 2.36 to 4.60; I2 = 90%) in individuals with PMOP than healthy individuals with normal bone mineral density (BMD). However, the statistical difference in leptin level was changed after eliminating the confounding influence of leptin sources and assay approaches. Furthermore, a positive association (r = 0.28) between leptin level and body mass index (BMI) as well as a negative association (r = −0.33) between adiponectin level and BMD was found. Moreover, adiponectin had the highest probability of predicting PMOP (84%). Current evidence suggests that leptin positively affects BMI and adiponectin negatively affects BMD, and adiponectin is the most relevant adipokine negatively associated with PMOP.
The impact of body mass index on clinicopathological features of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Chih‐Lin , Tai Chi‐Ming , Huang Jee‐Fu , Liu Chun‐Jen , Chen Hui‐Fen , Cheng Pin‐Nan , Chen Chi‐Yi , Peng Cheng‐Yuan , Wang Chia‐Chi , Weng Shih‐Han , Tseng Tai‐Chung , Kao Jia‐Horng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and AimThe aim of this study was to assess the impact of body mass index (BMI) on the clinical and histological characteristics of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).MethodsPatients with clinically diagnosed NAFLD who received liver biopsy were retrospectively enrolled from 2007 to 2019. For comparison, all of the patients were divided into lean body mass (< 23 kg/m2), overweight (23–24.9 kg/m2), and obesity (BMI ≧ 25 kg/m2).ResultsA total of 572 patients with histologically confirmed NAFLD, including 40 (6.99%) lean body mass, 54 (9.44%) overweight, and 478 (83.57%) obese patients, were recruited. Obese NAFLD patients had significantly higher grade of steatosis (grade 3: 29.92% vs 22.22% vs 12.5%, P < 0.0001) and hepatocyte ballooning (grade 2: 14.85% vs 12.96% vs 12.5%, P < 0.0001) than overweight and lean NAFLD patients. The prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was 22.5%, 25.93%, and 36.19% in lean, overweight, and obese NAFLD patients, respectively. Obesity was significantly associated with fibrosis severity (P = 0.03). The fibrosis index based on four factors (FIB‐4) score can identify NAFLD patients without significant fibrosis or with cirrhosis. The areas under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve of FIB‐4 score to identify patients without significant fibrosis or with cirrhosis were 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.69–0.96) and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.76–0.99) in lean patients; 0.77 (95% CI: 0.61–0.93) and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.59–1.0) in overweight patients; and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.72–0.82) and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.85–0.92) in obese patients.ConclusionsThe majority of NAFLD patients are obese, as defined by BMI. Obesity was significantly associated with NASH and hepatic fibrosis severity in patients with NAFLD.
Mesenchymal stem cell‐exosome‐mediated matrix metalloproteinase 1 participates in oral leukoplakia and carcinogenesis by inducing angiogenesis
Authors: Li Shufang , Han Ying , Lu Mingxing , Liu Zijian , Jin Jianqiu , Guo Qianyun , Wang Yixiang , Liu Hongwei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn the malignant progression of oral leukoplakia (OLK) to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the density of microvessels and expression of angiogenesis‐related molecules increases. Emerging evidence indicates that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play an indispensable role in the tumor microenvironment. However, the role and mechanism of action of oral MSCs in inducing angiogenesis remain unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the molecules and mechanisms that play a role in the tissue microenvironment.MethodsExosomes were collected from normal oral mucosa (N‐Exo), OLK (OLK‐Exo), and OSCC (Ca‐Exo) MSCs, and their pro‐angiogenic capacity was evaluated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and a subcutaneously implanted tumor model in nude mice. Quantitative proteomics analysis was used to compare the exosome‐derived proteins between N‐Exo, OLK‐Exo, and Ca‐Exo.ResultsCompared with that of the N‐Exo and control, OLK‐Exo and Ca‐Exo treatment significantly promoted HUVEC migration, invasion, and tube‐formation capability. In the nude mice model, immunofluorescence of CD31 showed that OLK‐Exo and Ca‐Exo substantially improved neovascularization around the grafts. Quantitative proteomics analysis revealed that matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) levels were significantly higher in the OLK‐Exo and Ca‐Exo groups than in the N‐Exo groups. Silencing MMP1 expression reversed the functional promoting effect of OLK‐Exo and Ca‐Exo on HUVECs.ConclusionExosomes from OLK‐MSCs and Ca‐MSCs have a stronger pro‐angiogenic ability through high MMP1 content. This new finding provides insight into the intervention with the secretion of MSC‐derived exosomes, which may be an innovative strategy for carcinogenesis.
Association between forage mycotoxins and liver disease in horses
Authors: Durham Andy E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundOutbreaks of liver disease in horses are common but the etiology of most remains unknown. Forage mycotoxins have been suspected to be a cause.ObjectivesTo examine the association between outbreaks of liver disease and the presence of mycotoxins in forage stored on the same premises.AnimalsPremises were identified where ≥4 horses were contemporaneously affected by liver disease, and a control group was formed from premises where ≥4 horses had been examined and found to have no evidence of liver disease.MethodsForage was collected from 29 case and 12 control premises. The forage was analyzed for mycotoxin content using a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method, targeting 54 mycotoxins. The presence and distribution of mycotoxins between case and control samples was compared.ResultsMycotoxins were found in 23/29 (79%) case samples and 10/12 (83%) control samples (P > .99; relative risk, 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64‐1.75). Median (interquartile range [IQR]) total mycotoxin concentration was similar in case and control samples (85.8 μg/kg [1.6‐268] vs. 315 μg/kg [6.3‐860]; P = .16). Ten mycotoxins were found exclusively in case premises comprising fumonisin B1, 15‐acetyldeoxynivalenol, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, aflatoxins B1 and G1, methylergonovine, nivalenol, verruculogen, and wortmannin. The median (IQR) concentration of fumonisin B1 was significantly higher in case versus control samples (0 μg/kg [0‐81.7] vs. 0 μg/kg [0‐0]; P = .04).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSeveral mycotoxins with known hepatotoxic potential were found, alone or in combination, exclusively at case premises, consistent with the hypothesis that forage‐associated mycotoxicosis may be a cause of outbreaks of liver disease in horses in the United Kingdom.
Microbial mediation of salinity stress response varies by plant genotype and provenance over time
Authors: Lumibao Candice Y. , Torres Martínez Lorena , Megonigal J. Patrick , Van Bael Sunshine A. , Blum Michael J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlthough it is becoming widely appreciated that microbes can enhance plant tolerance to environmental stress, the nature of microbial mediation of exposure responses is not well understood. We addressed this deficit by examining whether microbial mediation of plant responses to elevated salinity is contingent on the environment and factors intrinsic to the host. We evaluated the influence of contrasting environmental conditions relative to host genotype, provenance and evolution by conducting a common‐garden experiment utilizing ancestral and descendant cohorts of Schoenoplectus americanus genotypes recovered from two 100+ year coastal marsh seed banks. We compared S. americanus productivity and trait variation as well as associated endophytic microbial communities according to plant genotype, provenance, and age cohort under high and low salinity stress with and without native soil inoculation. The magnitude and direction of microbial mediation of S. americanus responses to elevated salinity varied according to individual genotype, provenance, as well as temporal shifts in genotypic variation and G × E (gene by environment) interactions. Relationships differed between plant traits and the structure of endosphere communities. Our findings indicate that plant‐microbe associations and microbial mediation of plant stress are not only context‐dependent but also dynamic. Our results additionally suggest that evolution can shape the fate of marsh ecosystems by altering how microbes confer plant tolerance to pressures linked to global change.
L’inférence dans les romans judiciaires d’Émile Gaboriau
Authors: Ventura Daniela 
Published: July 2022

RésuméL’injection de l’heuristique dans le romanesque est loin d’être un recours littéraire nouveau. Un certain nombre de romanciers (tels Voltaire, Balzac, Bernanos, Robbe‐Grillet ou Butor) ne se sont pas privés d’y toucher. Ceci dit, ce sont notamment les écrivains attitrés du genre policier qui s’y sont spécialisés. En effet, l’expression la plus pure de l’heuristique se trouve dans le genre policier et, notamment, dans sa forme matricielle. Cette étude pluridisciplinaire se centre sur la trajectoire logico‐argumentative du texte littéraire. Nous nous proposons d’analyser les inférences amenant, dans le texte, à la découverte. Nous nous intéresserons, en définitive, à l’art detrouveret partant, de connaître. Pour illustrer le processus heuristique, nous examinerons l’œuvre romanesque policière d’un écrivain du XIXesiècle, Émile Gaboriau, en nous focalisant sur lemodus operandietcogitandide l’un de ses héros : M. Lecoq.
Works council ‘disaffection’ and establishment survivability
Authors: Addison John T. , Teixeira Paulino , Grunau Philipp , Bellmann Lutz 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article investigates the association between a measure of works council heterogeneity and plant closings in Germany, 2006–2015. Two datasets are used to identify failed establishments, while institutional heterogeneity is captured by management perceptions of the role of the works council in managerial decision making and also by allowing for works council learning. The potential moderating role of sectoral collective bargaining is also examined. We report that works councils per se are not associated with plant closure. Rather, it is establishments with disaffected councils that display higher rates of closure. The latter result does not obtain where such establishments are covered by sectoral agreements; an outcome that is consistent with the literature on the mitigation of rent‐seeking behaviour, and one that also receives support from our finding that plants with dissonant councils are more likely than their consensual counterparts to transition into sectoral bargaining coverage. On the other hand, there is only limited evidence of works council learning.
Co‐expression of transcription factors ZmC1 and ZmR2 establishes an efficient and accurate haploid embryo identification system in maize
Authors: Chen Chen , Liu Xiaoqing , Li Suzhen , Liu Chenxu , Zhang Yuling , Luo Lili , Miao Liqing , Yang Wenzhu , Xiao Zijian , Zhong Yu , Li Jiansheng , Chen Rumei , Chen Shaojiang 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARYBecause of their high efficiency during chromosome doubling, immature haploid maize (Zea mays L.) embryos are useful for doubled haploid production. The R1‐nj marker is commonly used in doubled haploid breeding and has improved the efficiency of haploid identification. However, its effectiveness is limited by genetic background and environmental factors. We addressed this technical challenge by developing an efficient and accurate haploid embryo identification marker through co‐expression of two transcription factor genes (ZmC1 and ZmR2) driven by the embryo–aleurone‐specific bidirectional promoter PZmBD1; these factors can activate anthocyanin biosynthesis in the embryo and aleurone layer during early seed development. We developed a new haploid inducer, Maize Anthocyanin Gene InduCer 1 (MAGIC1), by introducing the transgenes into the haploid inducer line CAU6. MAGIC1 could identify haploids at 12 days after pollination, which is nine days earlier than CAU6. Importantly, MAGIC1 increased haploid identification accuracy to 99.1%, compared with 88.3% for CAU6. In addition, MAGIC1 could effectively overcome the inhibition of anthocyanin synthesis in some germplasms. Furthermore, an upgraded anthocyanin marker was developed from ZmC1 and ZmR2 to generate MAGIC2, which could identify haploids from diploids due to differential anthocyanin accumulation in immature embryos, coleoptiles, sheaths, roots, leaves, and dry seeds. This haploid identification system is more efficient and accurate than the conventional R1‐nj‐based method, and it simplifies the haploid identification process. Therefore, this system provides technical support for large‐scale doubled haploid line production.
A Golgi‐localized glycosyltransferase, OsGT14;1, is required for growth of both roots and shoots in rice
Authors: Wang Peitong , Yamaji Naoki , Ma Jian Feng 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARYGlycosyltransferases (GTs) form a large family in plants and are important enzymes for the synthesis of various polysaccharides, but only a few members have been functionally characterized. Here, through mutant screening with gene mapping, we found that an Oryza sativa (rice) mutant with a short‐root phenotype was caused by a frame‐shift mutation of a gene (OsGT14;1) belonging to the glycosyltransferase gene family 14. Further analysis indicated that the mutant also had a brittle culm and produced lower grain yield compared with wild‐type rice, but the roots showed similar root structure and function in terms of the uptake of mineral nutrients. OsGT14;1 was broadly expressed in all organs throughout the entire growth period, with a relatively high expression in the roots, stems, node I and husk. Furthermore, OsGT14;1 was expressed in all tissues of these organs. Subcellular observation revealed that OsGT14;1 encoded a Golgi‐localized protein. Mutation of OsGT14;1 resulted in decreased cellulose content and increased hemicellulose, but did not alter pectin in the cell wall of roots and shoots. The knockout of OsGT14;1 did not affect the tolerance to toxic mineral elements, including Al, As, Cd and salt stress, but did increase the sensitivity to low pH. Taken together, OsGT14;1 located at the Golgi is required for growth of both roots and shoots in rice through affecting cellulose synthesis.
ABO, secretor, and Lewis carbohydrate histo‐blood groups are associated with autoimmune neutropenia of early childhood in Danish patients
Authors: Kløve‐Mogensen Kirstine , Steffensen Rudi , Masmas Tania Nicole , Glenthøj Andreas , Haunstrup Thure Mors , Ratcliffe Paul , Höglund Petter , Hasle Henrik , Nielsen Kaspar René 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundAutoimmune neutropenia of early childhood (AIN) is caused by autoantibodies directed against antigens on the neutrophil membrane. The ABO, secretor, and Lewis histo‐blood group systems control the expression of carbohydrate antigens and have previously been linked to autoimmune diseases. We aimed to investigate the association between genotypes and the risk of AIN in Danish patients.Study Design and MethodsOne hundred fifty‐four antibody‐positive AIN patients were included. Controls (n = 400) were healthy unrelated Danish blood donors. Molecular determination of ABO, secretor (FUT2), and Lewis (FUT3) genotypes were determined using real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) or Sanger sequencing to infer the prevalence of Lewis antigens (Lea and Leb) and secretor (SeSe or Sese) or nonsecretor (sese) phenotypes.ResultsBlood type O was more common in controls (46.8%) than in AIN patients (36.4%) (OR = 0.65; p = 0.028). Secretors of H Leb antigens were less frequent among AIN patients (25.2%) than controls (35.0%) (OR = 0.62; p = 0.037).DiscussionABO blood group antigens and the secretion of these antigens are associated with a diagnosis of AIN. The mechanism underlying the association between autoimmunity and interaction among ABO, secretor, and Lewis genotypes has not yet been elucidated, but several studies indicate a connection to the gut microbiota.
Asymmetric propagation mechanism of hydraulic fracture networks in continental reservoirs
Authors: Liu Jingshou , Mei Lianfu , Ding Wenlong , Xu Ke , Yang Haimeng , Liu Yang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHydraulic fracturing technology is relatively mature in North America, but under complex geological conditions, such as those in China, the application of this technology still faces great challenges. At present, techniques for the numerical simulation of hydraulic fracture networks are mainly based on the prediction of the fracture half-height and half-length, which cannot capture the heterogeneity of continental low-permeability sandstone reservoirs in China and the distribution of the asymmetric hydraulic fracture network present in them. Therefore, determining the asymmetric propagation mechanism of hydraulic fracture networks is very important for improving the recovery rates of continental reservoirs. In this paper, taking the Ordos Basin in China as an example, the spatial distribution of the stress field of a heterogeneous continental reservoir is precisely predicted by reservoir mechanical heterogeneity modeling. By using a microseismic monitoring method, the 3-D morphology of the hydraulic fracture network is determined. Through the coupling of multisource data, the frequency distributions of the determined in situ stress magnitudes in different hydraulic fracturing stages are obtained. The propagation direction of the hydraulic fracture network changes under the control of the horizontal stress difference (Δσ) and the presence of natural fractures. The smaller Δσ is, the greater the deflection of the hydraulic fracture propagation direction. The asymmetric propagation of these fractures is related to the frequency distribution of Δσ. As the frequency of Δσ approaches a normal distribution, the two wings of the hydraulic fracture network become basically equal in length, and as Δσ deviates more from a normal distribution, the difference between the two wings of the hydraulic fracture network increases. These research results will provide new insight for modeling, exploring, and developing continental reservoirs.
Effectiveness of a fourth dose of covid-19 mRNA vaccine against the omicron variant among long term care residents in Ontario, Canada: test negative design study
Authors: Grewal Ramandip , Kitchen Sophie A , Nguyen Lena , Buchan Sarah A , Wilson Sarah E , Costa Andrew P , Kwong Jeffrey C 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo estimate the marginal effectiveness of a fourth versus third dose and the vaccine effectiveness of mRNA covid-19 vaccines BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 against any infection, symptomatic infection, and severe outcomes (hospital admission or death) related to the omicron variant.DesignTest negative design.SettingLong term care facilities in Ontario, Canada, 30 December 2021 to 27 April 2022.ParticipantsAfter exclusions, 61 344 residents aged 60 years or older across 626 long term care facilities in Ontario, Canada who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 were included.Main outcome measuresLaboratory confirmed omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection (any and symptomatic) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and hospital admission or death. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate marginal effectiveness (four versus three doses) and vaccine effectiveness (two, three, or four doses versus no doses) while adjusting for personal characteristics, comorbidities, week of test, and previous positive SARS-CoV-2 test result more than 90 days previously.Results13 654 residents who tested positive for omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection and 205 862 test negative controls were included. The marginal effectiveness of a fourth dose (95% of vaccine recipients received mRNA-1273 as the fourth dose) seven days or more after vaccination versus a third dose received 84 or more days previously was 19% (95% confidence interval 12% to 26%) against infection, 31% (20% to 41%) against symptomatic infection, and 40% (24% to 52%) against severe outcomes. Vaccine effectiveness in vaccine recipients (compared with unvaccinated) increased with each additional dose, and for a fourth dose was 49% (95% confidence interval 43% to 54%) against infection, 69% (61% to 76%) against symptomatic infection, and 86% (81% to 90%) against severe outcomes.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that compared with a third dose of mRNA covid-19 vaccine, a fourth dose improved protection against infection, symptomatic infection, and severe outcomes among long term care residents during an omicron dominant period. A fourth vaccine dose was associated with strong protection against severe outcomes in vaccinated residents compared with unvaccinated residents, although the duration of protection remains unknown.