bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploiting deterministic features in apparently stochastic data
Authors: Stoop Ruedi , Orlando Giuseppe , Bufalo Michele , Della Rossa Fabio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMany processes in nature are the result of many coupled individual subsystems (like population dynamics or neurosystems). Not always such systems exhibit simple stable behaviors that in the past science has mostly focused on. Often, these systems are characterized by bursts of seemingly stochastic activity, interrupted by quieter periods. The hypothesis is that the presence of a strong deterministic ingredient is often obscured by the stochastic features. We test this by modeling classically stochastic considered real-world data from both, the stochastic as well as the deterministic approaches to find that the deterministic approach’s results level with those from the stochastic side. Moreover, the deterministic approach is shown to reveal the full dynamical systems landscape, which can be exploited for steering the dynamics into a desired regime.
Fall classification, incidence and circumstances in patients undergoing total knee replacement
Authors: Blasco José-María , Pérez-Maletzki José , Díaz-Díaz Beatriz , Silvestre-Muñoz Antonio , Martínez-Garrido Ignacio , Roig-Casasús Sergio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe objective was to propose a fall-classification framework for patients undergoing total knee replacement (TKR). In addition, we reinforced the available evidence on fall incidence and circumstances and compared the characteristics of fallers versus. nonfallers. Retrospective and prospective data were collected from 253 subjects with severe knee osteoarthritis who were waiting for primary TKR. Falls were classified considering the location of the destabilizing force, source of destabilization and fall precipitating factor. Fall incidence and circumstances were described; the characteristics of fallers and nonfallers in terms of functional and balance performance were compared with F-tests (95% CI). The fall incidence before surgery was 40.3% (95% CI 34.2% to 46.6%). This figure decreased to 13.1% (95% CI 9.2% to 18.0%) and to 23.4% (95% CI 17.8% to 29.6%) at 6 and 12 months after surgery, respectively. Most falls were caused by destabilizations in the base of support (n = 102, 72%) and were due to extrinsic factors (n = 78, 76%) and trip patterns. Significant differences between fallers and nonfallers were found in knee extensor strength and monopodal stability in the surgical limb (p < 0.05). Falls are prevalent in patients with severe knee osteoarthritis. Symptoms and functional performance improve after surgery, and fall incidence is reduced. Most fall events originate from disruptions in the base of support and are precipitated by extrinsic factors, generally trips during walking activities.
Defensive functions and potential ecological conflicts of floral stickiness
Authors: Chautá Alexander , Kumar Arvind , Mejia Jesica , Stashenko Elena E. , Kessler André 
Published: November 2022

AbstractStickiness of vegetative tissues has evolved multiple times in different plant families but is rare and understudied in flowers. While stickiness in general is thought to function primarily as a defense against herbivores, it may compromise mutualistic interactions (such as those with pollinators) in reproductive tissues. Here, we test the hypothesis that stickiness on flower petals of the High-Andean plant, Bejaria resinosa (Ericaceae), functions as a defense against florivores. We address ecological consequences and discuss potential trade-offs associated with a repellant trait expressed in flowers that mediate mutualistic interactions. In surveys and manipulative experiments, we assess florivory and resulting fitness effects on plants with sticky and non-sticky flowers in different native populations of B. resinosa in Colombia. In addition, we analyze the volatile and non-volatile components in sticky and non-sticky flower morphs to understand the chemical information context within which stickiness is expressed. We demonstrate that fruit set is strongly affected by floral stickiness but also varies with population. While identifying floral stickiness as a major defensive function, our data also suggest that the context-dependency of chemical defense functionality likely arises from differential availability of primary pollinators and potential trade-offs between chemical defense with different modes of action.
Sportomics method to assess acute phase proteins in Olympic level athletes using dried blood spots and multiplex assay
Authors: Bassini Adriana , Sartoretto Silvia , Jurisica Lukas , Magno-França Alexandre , Anderson Leigh , Pearson Terry , Razavi Morty , Chandran Vinod , Martin LeRoy , Jurisica Igor , Cameron L. C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSportomics is a subject-centered holistic method similar to metabolomics focusing on sports as the metabolic challenge. Dried blood spot is emerging as a technique due to its simplicity and reproducibility. In addition, mass spectrometry and integrative computational biology enhance our ability to understand exercise-induced modifications. We studied inflammatory blood proteins (Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein—A1AG1; Albumin; Cystatin C; C-reactive protein—CRP; Hemoglobin—HBA; Haptoglobin—HPT; Insulin-like growth factor 1; Lipopolysaccharide binding protein—LBP; Mannose-binding lectin—MBL2; Myeloperoxidase—PERM and Serum amyloid A1—SAA1), in 687 samples from 97 World-class and Olympic athletes across 16 sports in nine states. Data were analyzed with Spearman's rank-order correlation. Major correlations with CRP, LBP; MBL2; A1AG1, and SAA1 were found. The pairs CRP-SAA1 and CRP-LBP appeared with a robust positive correlation. Other pairs, LBP-SAA1; A1AG1-CRP; A1AG1-SAA1; A1AG1-MBL, and A1AG1-LBP, showed a broader correlation across the sports. The protein–protein interaction map revealed 1500 interactions with 44 core proteins, 30 of them linked to immune system processing. We propose that the inflammation follow-up in exercise can provide knowledge for internal cargo management in training, competition, recovery, doping control, and a deeper understanding of health and disease.
Sunflower seeds classification based on sparse convolutional neural networks in multi-objective scene
Authors: Jin Xiaowei , Zhao Yuhong , Wu Hao , Sun Tingting 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGenerally, sunflower seeds are classified by machine vision-based methods in production, which include using photoelectric sensors to identify light-sensitive signals through traditional algorithms for which the equipment cost is relatively high and using neural network image recognition methods to identify images through cameras for which the computational cost is high. To address these problems, a multi-objective sunflower seed classification method based on sparse convolutional neural networks is proposed. Sunflower seeds were obtained from the video recorded using the YOLOv5 Object detection algorithm, and a ResNet-based classification model was used to classify the seeds according to differences in appearance. The ResNet has the disadvantages of having numerous parameters and high storage requirements; therefore, this study referred to the Lottery Ticket Hypothesis and used the Iterative Magnitude Pruning algorithm to compress the sunflower seed classification model, aiming to ascertain the optimal sparse sub-network from the classification model. Experiments were conducted to compare the effects on model performance before and after pruning, pruning degree, and different pruning methods. The results showed that the performance of the ResNet-based sunflower seed classification model using global pruning was the least affected by pruning, with a 92% reduction in the number of parameters, the best accuracy is 0.56% better than non-pruned and 9.17% better than layer-wise pruning. These findings demonstrate that using the Iterative Magnitude Pruning algorithm can render the sunflower seed classification model lightweight with less performance loss. The reduction in computational resources through model compression reduces the cost of sunflower seed classification, making it more applicable to practical production, and this model can be used as a cost-effective alternative to key sunflower seed classification techniques in practical production.
Estimating the social value of nature-based solutions in European cities
Authors: Bockarjova Marija , Botzen W. J. Wouter , Bulkeley Harriet A. , Toxopeus Helen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBy implementing nature-based solutions (NBS), cities generate value for their residents, such as health and wellbeing. We estimate the aggregate social value to urban residents of 85 NBS projects implemented across Europe and find that the majority yield attractive social returns on investment. We offer a new metric to support investments for NBS by public and private actors for whom social value creation to residents is a core objective.
Survival fluctuation is linked to precipitation variation during staging in a migratory shorebird
Authors: Brlík Vojtěch , Pakanen Veli-Matti , Jaakkonen Tuomo , Arppe Heikki , Jokinen Jaakko , Lakka Johanna , Blomqvist Donald , Hahn Steffen , Valkama Jari , Koivula Kari 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUnderstanding how weather conditions affect animal populations is essential to foresee population changes in times of global climate shifts. However, assessing year-round weather impacts on demographic parameters is hampered in migratory animals due to often unknown occurrence in space and time. We addressed this by coupling tracking and weather data to explain extensive variation in apparent survival across 19 years in a northern European population of little ringed plovers (Charadrius dubius). Over 90% (n = 21) of tracked individuals followed migration routes along the Indo-European flyway to south India. Building on capture–recapture histories of nearly 1400 individuals, we found that between-year variation in precipitation during post-breeding staging in northern South Asia explained 47% of variation in apparent adult survival. Overall, the intensity of the monsoon in South Asia explained 31–33% of variability in apparent survival. In contrast, weather conditions in breeding, final non-breeding and pre-breeding quarters appeared less important in this species. The integration of multi-source data seems essential for identifying key regions and periods limiting population growth, for forecasting future changes and targeting conservation efforts.
Pseudocirrhosis and portal hypertension in patients with metastatic cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Villani Rosanna , Di Cosimo Francesca , Sangineto Moris , Romano Antonino Davide , Serviddio Gaetano 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPseudocirrhosis is a clinical and radiological entity mimicking liver cirrhosis in patients without a history of chronic liver disease. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the current literature to evaluate the state-of-the-art and investigate the epidemiology and clinical features of pseudocirrhosis. We searched PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus for literature published until February 28, 2022. We included in the final analysis 62 articles (N = 389 patients): 51 case reports (N = 64 patients), 5 case series (N = 35 patients) and 6 observational studies (N = 290 patients). About 80% of patients included in the case reports and case series had breast cancer. Most patients had at least one clinical sign of portal hypertension and ascites was the most common clinical manifestation of portal hypertension. The median time from pseudocirrhosis to death was 2 months (IQR 1–7 months). Alkylating agents and antimitotics were the most common classes of anticancer drugs reported in our study population. Notably, about 70% of patients received three or more anticancer drugs. Finally, pseudocirrhosis is a condition that occurs in patients with hepatic metastases and may have a negative impact on survival and clinical management of patients because of the potential development of portal hypertension and its complications.
Modelling the impact of hailstones on flat steel roofing membranes for residential buildings
Authors: Uz Mehmet E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMetal roof panels are commonly used on residential and commercial buildings. Steel panels exposed to hail have not yet been adequately tested for dent resistance. A finite element model (FEM) was used to analyze the entire test setup. To compare artificial hailstones with natural hailstones, which remained intact after impact, different steel sheets were struck by different sizes of artificial hailstones at different terminal velocities. The simulation and the material properties are assessed by comparing the experimental results with the FE model. An equation to predict the dent depth based on kinetic energy and stress is also presented. The results of this study provide a better understanding of the failure modes of hail and roof panels and their effects on dent resistance. In this study, the results of observations and numerical simulations agreed well with those of analytical models. The result is that the proposed equation overestimates the dent depths compared to the dent depths obtained with finite element models, while the equation leads to an underestimation of the dent depths found in the steel sheets.
Quantifying thermal cues that initiate mass emigrations in juvenile white sharks
Authors: Spurgeon Emily , Anderson James M. , Liu Yi , Barajas Vianey Leos , Lowe Christopher G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhile the function of migration varies among species, environmental temperature is known to be one of the most important abiotic variables that drive animal migration; however, quantifying the thresholds and timing of the cues that influence a mass emigration is difficult, often due to lack of monitoring resolution, particularly for large, highly mobile species. We used acoustic telemetry tracking and high-resolution water temperature data over a relatively large spatial scale (5.5 km2) to identify and quantify a thermal threshold for mass emigration of juvenile white sharks. Sixteen tagged sharks were observed to initiate a search for warmer water within 10–12 hours of an upwelling event where water temperatures dropped below 14 °C. Eleven sharks traveled ~ 35 km away where they experienced similar cold temperatures before returning to the aggregation site within 24 hours. Five days following the upwelling event, most sharks emigrated from the site for the season. Quantifying movement patterns across different spatial and temporal scales is necessary to understand cues and thresholds influencing animal migration, which may be greatly affected by climate anomalies and climate change, resulting in potential impacts on the dynamics of local prey species, management, and conservation policy and practice.
Effects of hypoxia and reoxygenation on mitochondrial functions and transcriptional profiles of isolated brain and muscle porcine cells
Authors: Adzigbli Linda , Sokolov Eugene P. , Wimmers Klaus , Sokolova Inna M. , Ponsuksili Siriluck 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOxygen fluctuations might occur in mammalian tissues under physiological (e.g. at high altitudes) or pathological (e.g. ischemia–reperfusion) conditions. Mitochondria are the key target and potential amplifiers of hypoxia-reoxygenation (H-R) stress. Understanding the mitochondrial responses to H-R stress is important for identifying adaptive mechanisms and potential therapeutic solutions for pathologies associated with oxygen fluctuations. We explored metabolic response to H-R stress in two tissue types (muscle and brain) with different degrees of hypoxia tolerance in a domestic pigSus scrofafocusing on the cellular responses independent of the systemic regulatory mechanisms. Isolated cells from the skeletal muscle (masseter) and brain (thalamus) were exposed to acute short-term (15 min) hypoxia followed by reoxygenation. The mitochondrial oxygen consumption, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production rates and transcriptional profiles of hypoxia-responsive mRNA and miRNA were determined. Mitochondria of the porcine brain cells showed a decrease in the resting respiration and ATP synthesis capacity whereas the mitochondria from the muscle cells showed robust respiration and less susceptibility to H-R stress. ROS production was not affected by the short-term H-R stress in the brain or muscle cells. Transcriptionally, prolyl hydroxylase domain protein EGLN3 was upregulated during hypoxia and suppressed during reoxygenation in porcine muscle cells. The decline in EGLN3 mRNA during reoxygenation was accompanied by an upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor subunit α (HIF1A)transcripts in the muscle cells. However, in the brain cells, HIF1A mRNA levels were suppressed during reoxygenation. Other functionally important transcripts and miRNAs involved in antioxidant response, apoptosis, inflammation, and substrate oxidation were also differentially expressed between the muscle and brain cells. Suppression of miRNA levels during acute intermittent hypoxia was stronger in the brain cells affecting ~ 55% of all studied miRNA transcripts than in the muscle cells (~ 25% of miRNA) signifying transcriptional derepression of the respective mRNA targets. Our study provides insights into the potential molecular and physiological mechanisms contributing to different hypoxia sensitivity of the studied tissues and can serve as a starting point to better understand the biological processes associated with hypoxia stress, e.g. during ischemia and reperfusion.
Identifying behavioral structure from deep variational embeddings of animal motion
Authors: Luxem Kevin , Mocellin Petra , Fuhrmann Falko , Kürsch Johannes , Miller Stephanie R. , Palop Jorge J. , Remy Stefan , Bauer Pavol 
Published: November 2022

AbstractQuantification and detection of the hierarchical organization of behavior is a major challenge in neuroscience. Recent advances in markerless pose estimation enable the visualization of high-dimensional spatiotemporal behavioral dynamics of animal motion. However, robust and reliable technical approaches are needed to uncover underlying structure in these data and to segment behavior into discrete hierarchically organized motifs. Here, we present an unsupervised probabilistic deep learning framework that identifies behavioral structure from deep variational embeddings of animal motion (VAME). By using a mouse model of beta amyloidosis as a use case, we show that VAME not only identifies discrete behavioral motifs, but also captures a hierarchical representation of the motif’s usage. The approach allows for the grouping of motifs into communities and the detection of differences in community-specific motif usage of individual mouse cohorts that were undetectable by human visual observation. Thus, we present a robust approach for the segmentation of animal motion that is applicable to a wide range of experimental setups, models and conditions without requiring supervised or a-priori human interference.
Origin of acetylcholine antagonism in ELIC, a bacterial pentameric ligand-gated ion channel
Authors: Slobodyanyuk Mykhaylo , Banda-Vázquez Jesús A. , Thompson Mackenzie J. , Dean Rebecca A. , Baenziger John E. , Chica Roberto A. , daCosta Corrie J. B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractELIC is a prokaryotic homopentameric ligand-gated ion channel that is homologous to vertebrate nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Acetylcholine binds to ELIC but fails to activate it, despite bringing about conformational changes indicative of activation. Instead, acetylcholine competitively inhibits agonist-activated ELIC currents. What makes acetylcholine an agonist in an acetylcholine receptor context, and an antagonist in an ELIC context, is not known. Here we use available structures and statistical coupling analysis to identify residues in the ELIC agonist-binding site that contribute to agonism. Substitution of these ELIC residues for their acetylcholine receptor counterparts does not convert acetylcholine into an ELIC agonist, but in some cases reduces the sensitivity of ELIC to acetylcholine antagonism. Acetylcholine antagonism can be abolished by combining two substitutions that together appear to knock out acetylcholine binding. Thus, making the ELIC agonist-binding site more acetylcholine receptor-like, paradoxically reduces the apparent affinity for acetylcholine, demonstrating that residues important for agonist binding in one context can be deleterious in another. These findings reinforce the notion that although agonism originates from local interactions within the agonist-binding site, it is a global property with cryptic contributions from distant residues. Finally, our results highlight an underappreciated mechanism of antagonism, where agonists with appreciable affinity, but negligible efficacy, present as competitive antagonists.
Role of Van Hove singularities and effective mass anisotropy in polarization-resolved high harmonic spectroscopy of silicon
Authors: Suthar Pawan , Trojánek František , Malý Petr , Derrien Thibault J.-Y. , Kozák Martin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNonlinear optical response of materials exposed to strong nonresonant light fields leads to production of high energy photons whose spectra contain fingerprints of the coherent electron dynamics in the material. In this paper we investigate how the high harmonic spectra generated in crystalline silicon are linked to specific properties of its band structure. By comparing the polarization anisotropy of high harmonic spectra for two distinct frequencies of the driving pulses we show that the anisotropy has two sources. When driven by mid-infrared light, the signal at specific photon energies is enhanced by the presence of Van Hove singularities in the joint density of states of silicon. With near-infrared driving pulses, in contrast, the high harmonic yield is mainly influenced by the anisotropy of the reduced mass of electron-hole pair, which is related to the nonresonant excitation probability. The experimental results are compared with numerical calculations using time-dependent density functional theory.
Single-cell profiling of vascular endothelial cells reveals progressive organ-specific vulnerabilities during obesity
Authors: Bondareva Olga , Rodríguez-Aguilera Jesús Rafael , Oliveira Fabiana , Liao Longsheng , Rose Alina , Gupta Anubhuti , Singh Kunal , Geier Florian , Schuster Jenny , Boeckel Jes-Niels , Buescher Joerg M. , Kohli Shrey , Klöting Nora , Isermann Berend , Blüher Matthias , Sheikh Bilal N. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObesity promotes diverse pathologies, including atherosclerosis and dementia, which frequently involve vascular defects and endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction. Each organ has distinct EC subtypes, but whether ECs are differentially affected by obesity is unknown. Here we use single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze transcriptomes of ~375,000 ECs from seven organs in male mice at progressive stages of obesity to identify organ-specific vulnerabilities. We find that obesity deregulates gene expression networks, including lipid handling, metabolic pathways and AP1 transcription factor and inflammatory signaling, in an organ- and EC-subtype-specific manner. The transcriptomic aberrations worsen with sustained obesity and are only partially mitigated by dietary intervention and weight loss. For example, dietary intervention substantially attenuates dysregulation of liver, but not kidney, EC transcriptomes. Through integration with human genome-wide association study data, we further identify a subset of vascular disease risk genes that are induced by obesity. Our work catalogs the impact of obesity on the endothelium, constitutes a useful resource and reveals leads for investigation as potential therapeutic targets.