bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ZnF2‐modified AlF3‐based fluoride glasses with enhanced mid‐infrared 3.5 μ$\umu$m emission
Authors: Zhang Jie , Wang Ruicong , Liu Mo , Wang Shunbin , Zhang Zhi , Farrell Gerald , Jia Shijie , Wang Pengfei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA novel ZnF2–AlF3 based fluoride glass was prepared. The introduction of ZnF2 can lower the phonon energy of AlF3–BaF2–YF3–SrF2 glass while maintaining good thermal stabilities. The mid‐infrared emission properties of Er3+‐doped ZnF2–AlF3–YF3–SrF2–BaF2 (ZAYSB) glasses were investigated. Enhanced 3.5 μm and 2.7 μm emissions were observed with an incremental increase in the content of ZnF2. In addition, the Er3+‐doped ZAYSB glass was shown to have a large emission cross‐section of 3.5 μm. This study indicates that this ZAYSB glass is a promising glass material for 3.5 μm fiber‐laser applications.
Elucidating the interaction of rhizosphere bacteria and environmental factors in influencing active ingredient content of Lycium barbarum fruit in China
Authors: Liu Si Yang , Wang Qi Qi , Lei Yong Hui , Wang Sai Sai , Chen Kai Li , Li Yang , Xiong Jie , Liang Xiao Jie , Zhou Xuan , Li Yue Kun , Sun Yan Fei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Aims
This study aimed to compare the differences in the bacterial community structure of Lycium barbarum rhizosphere and elucidate the contribution of rhizosphere bacteria to the active ingredients of L. barbarum fruit.

Methods and Results
This study investigated the soil and meteorological characteristics of L. barbarum rhizosphere during three growth stages across three production regions of China. High-throughput sequencing showed significant differences in the bacterial community diversity of L. barbarum rhizosphere across the three production regions, and norank_o_Gaiellales, norank_f_Anaerolineaceae and norank_f_AKYG1722 were the highest in Ningxia. In addition, regression and path analysis revealed that pH, norank_o_Gaiellales and norank_f_AKYG1722 significantly promoted the accumulation of total sugar and flavonoids in L. barbarum fruit directly or indirectly. Soil organic matter (SOM), norank_f_Anaerolineaceae and humidity significantly promoted the accumulation of betaine. The average temperature during the growth stages, norank_f_AKYG1722, and norank_o_Gaiellales promoted the accumulation of polysaccharides.

Conclusions
The interaction between rhizosphere bacteria and environmental factors promoted the accumulation of active ingredients in L. barbarum fruits.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Our results provided insights to improve the quality of L. barbarum fruit.
Overexpression of c‐Jun inhibits erastin‐induced ferroptosis in Schwann cells and promotes repair of facial nerve function
Authors: Gao Dekun , Huang Yuyu , Sun Xiayu , Yang Jun , Chen Jianyong , He Jingchun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMyelin undergoes various changes after nerve injury, and c‐Jun has a close relationship with Schwann cells (SCs). However, it remains unclear whether c‐Jun can be involved in nerve repair by regulating ferroptosis. To explore this, we first set up a facial nerve injury model and detected the changes of ferroptosis‐related proteins and c‐Jun by immunofluorescence and Western blot. Then, we cultured RSC 96 and pSCs, and studied the potential regulatory relationships by a combination of experimental methods such as CCK‐8, ELISA, immunofluorescence, qRT‐PCR, Western blot and viral transfection. Finally, we corroborated the role of c‐Jun through animal experiments. Our experiments revealed that ferroptosis occurs after facial nerve injury. Erastin decreased GPX4, c‐Jun proteins and GSH content, while PTGS2, NRF2, HO‐1 proteins, MDA, Fe2+ and ROS contents increased. This effect was inhibited after c‐Jun overexpression but was reversed after the addition of c‐Jun siRNA. Besides, we proved in vivo that c‐Jun could inhibit ferroptosis and promote the recovery of facial nerve function. In conclusion, our study identified the relationship between c‐Jun and ferroptosis during peripheral nerve injury repair, which provides new ideas for studying peripheral nerve injury and repair.
Surgical treatment of experimental peri‐implantitis using mechanical and chemical decontamination procedures: A pre‐clinical in vivo study
Authors: Almohandes Ahmed , Abrahamsson Ingemar , Dionigi Carlotta , Berglundh Tord 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of surgical treatment of experimental peri‐implantitis at implants with different surface characteristics using mechanical and chemical decontamination methods.Materials and MethodsFollowing extraction of mandibular premolars, four implants with two different surface characteristics (A, moderately rough and B, smooth) were placed in each side of the mandible of six dogs. Experimental peri‐implantitis was induced. Surgical treatment of the peri‐implantitis sites was carried out using four implant surface decontamination protocols: (i) deposition of a citric acid gel, (ii) mechanical cleaning using a rotating titanium brush, (iii) a combination of the mechanical and chemical procedures, and (iv) saline (control). Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed. Block biopsies were obtained 6 months after therapy and prepared for histological analysis.ResultsIrrespective of the treatment group, treatment resulted in 0.63 ± 0.92 and 0.65 ± 0.67 mm radiographic bone gain around implants A and B, respectively. Histological analyses revealed that persisting soft tissue inflammation as assessed using an infiltrated connective tissue (ICT) score was significantly lower at implant type B than at implant type A for all treatment groups. The test decontamination procedures did not demonstrate better results regarding resolution of peri‐implantitis lesions, as indicated by the ICT scores, than the control procedure. The control treatment resulted in significantly superior outcomes of resolution of peri‐implantitis lesions than the citric acid regimen.ConclusionsIt is concluded that decontamination procedures including citric acid gel or rotating titanium brush did not improve outcomes following surgical treatment of experimental peri‐implantitis. Results were, however, influenced by the implant surface characteristics.
Effect of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists on fat distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Duan Kaixin , Yan Xiaolu , Gao Zhe , Hou Yilin , Lv Xiuqin , Song Guangyao 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1Ras) are widely used to treat type 2 diabetes. They not only reduce glucose, but also have a positive effect on weight loss. However, few studies have reported the effect of GLP‐1Ras on fat distribution.Materials and MethodsPubMed, Cochrane, Embase and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for randomized controlled trials on GLP‐1Ras and type 2 diabetes, published from inception to June 2021. Our main outcomes were the reductions of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Other anthropometric outcomes were also assessed. We used the Cochrane Collaboration tools to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. The quality of the evidence was assessed using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation profiler version 3.6. Review Manager 5.4.1 and Stata 16.0 were used for data analysis.ResultsA total of 10 studies involving 541 patients were included. Compared with the control groups, the GLP‐1Ras groups showed reductions in VAT (standard mean difference −0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.92, −0.17, I2 = 79%, P = 0.005) and SAT (standard mean difference −0.44, 95% CI −0.60, −0.27, I2 = 44%, P < 0.00001). In addition, bodyweight (weighted mean difference −3.59, 95% CI −4.30, −2.88, I2 = 0%, P < 0.00001), waist circumference (weighted mean difference −3.09, 95% CI −4.66, −1.52, I2 = 70%, P = 0.0001) and body mass index (weighted mean difference −1.11, 95% CI −1.35, −0.86, I2 = 47%, P < 0.00001) were significantly decreased. According to the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach, the level of evidence was low or moderate.ConclusionThis study highlights that GLP‐1Ras, especially liraglutide and exenatide, might play an active role in fat distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes. After treatment with GLP‐1Ras, both VAT and SAT decreased, and the decrease of VAT was numerically greater than that of SAT.
Attitudes towards open‐label versus placebo‐control designs in oncology randomized trials: A survey of medical oncologists
Authors: Kushnir Igal , Clemons Mark , Fergusson Dean , Bossé Dominick , Reaume Martin Neil 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRationale, Aims and ObjectivesRandomized trials are considered the gold standard when assessing the efficacy of new therapeutic agents. In clinical situations where no standard of care therapy is approved, randomized trials usually compare experimental agents to either a placebo or an open‐label nonintervention arm (i.e., best supportive care). We surveyed Canadian medical oncologists to understand their attitudes towards each design.MethodsMembers of the Canadian Association of Medical Oncologists were invited to participate in an anonymous online survey. Standardized case scenarios were used to determine participants' attitudes regarding the role of open‐label versus placebo‐controlled trials.ResultsA total of 322 medical oncologists and trainees were invited to participate and 86 responded (response rate 27%). Fifty‐one (59%) believed that open‐label trials are an acceptable alternative to placebo‐controlled design when investigating a therapeutic agent in the adjuvant setting. Thirty‐eight (49%) deemed it acceptable to compare the investigational agent to an open‐label arm instead of a placebo to assess progression‐free survival in the metastatic setting. Twenty‐eight (38%) of respondents felt that open‐label design was acceptable when assessing the quality of life endpoint. Most physicians were unsure whether the US Food and Drug Administration require a placebo‐controlled arm in oncology trials.ConclusionCanadian medical oncologists participating in this survey are divided in their opinions regarding the acceptability of an open‐label design in randomized‐controlled trials, where no standard therapy is approved. Clearer guidance from regulatory bodies on the adequacy of different trial designs is needed.
Phylogenetic position of Trichomycterus astromycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), an enigmatic trichomycterid from eastern Brazil, inferred from molecular data
Authors: Vilardo Paulo J. , Katz Axel M. , Costa Wilson J. E. M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecently in this journal, a new trichomycterine from eastern Brazil, Trichomycterus astromycterus, was described and considered possibly related to the Chilean Bullockia maldonadoi due to morphological similarities. Subsequently, osteological data supported T. astromycterus in the subgenus Psammocambeva of Trichomycterus, from eastern Brazil. Phylogenetic analyses, performed here, using a multigene data set for a broad trichomycterine sample, corroborate T. astromycterus as a member of Psammocambeva, reinforcing the importance of molecular data for inferring trichomycterine relationships but showing that osteological data alone may infer correctly phylogenetic placements when using broad comparative databases.
Managing residual flood risk behind levees: Comparing USA, France, and Quebec (Canada)
Authors: Serra‐Llobet Anna , Tourment Rémy , Montané Antonin , Buffin‐Belanger Thomas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlthough hydraulic infrastructure such as levees remain important for flood risk management in the USA, France, and Quebec (Canada), there is increasing emphasis on nonstructural measures, such as regulatory flood maps, to reduce exposure and vulnerability, for example, preventing people from building in high hazard areas. One key concept related to areas protected by levees is that of “residual risk”, that is, the risk from floods greater than the design standard of the levees (levee overtopping) and from levee breach. In this article, we review the legislative framework for regulatory flood maps in the USA, France, and Quebec (Canada) and compare how residual risk behind protective structures is taken into account (or not) in regulatory flood maps. We find big differences in how the USA, France and Canada manage residual risk behind the levees. While in France the area behind levees is part of the regulatory flood prone area, and land use restrictions, building codes, emergency measures and risk communication are mandatory, in the USA the area behind levees is only shown as part of the regulatory flood prone area if the levee is not accredited. In Quebec, regulatory flood maps in general follow the French approach with a few exceptions.
Factors associated with the reporting of Down syndrome as the underlying cause of death on US death certificates
Authors: Landes S. D. , Turk M. A. , Finan J. M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundEfforts aimed at preventing premature mortality for people with Down syndrome are hindered by the practice of reporting disability as the underlying cause of death. Prior research suggests this form of diagnostic overshadowing may be the result of increased uncertainty surrounding the death.MethodsThis study uses bivariable analysis and multivariable logistic regression models to investigate associations between sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, and death context and processing characteristics with the reporting of Down syndrome as the underlying cause of death in 2005–2017 US Multiple Cause of Death data files.ResultsThe reporting of Down syndrome as the underlying cause of death was associated with characteristics indicative of an increased amount of uncertainty surrounding the death. Results also suggest other mechanisms may inform inaccurate reporting, such as racial bias, and the continued conflation of disability and health.ConclusionsMedical personnel certifying death certificates should strive for accuracy when reporting the causes of death. To ensure this outcome, even in the midst of increased uncertainty, Down syndrome should not be reported as the underlying cause of death unless the decedent was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease or unspecified dementia. Future research should further explore the possibility that increased death certification errors for adults with Down syndrome, or other developmental disabilities, are associated with racial bias.
Risk factors for pressure ulcers in adult patients: A meta‐analysis on sociodemographic factors and the Braden scale
Authors: Chung Man‐Long , Widdel Manuel , Kirchhoff Julian , Sellin Julia , Jelali Mohieddine , Geiser Franziska , Mücke Martin , Conrad Rupert 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesProviding the first meta‐analysis of risk factors for pressure ulcer development in adult patients.BackgroundPressure ulcers remain a serious health complication for patients and nursing staff. However, there is a lack of statistical evidence for risk factors as previous research did not include any quantitative synthesis.DesignMeta‐analysis, using PRISMA guidelines.MethodsStudies from PubMed, Embase, CINAHL Complete, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and other reviews and sources were screened and checked against the inclusion criteria. The risk of bias was evaluated using a slightly modified QUIPS tool. Data regarding population, design, statistical analysis and risk factors were extracted. Meta‐analysis with comparable studies was conducted for age, sex, and Braden scale. The sub‐group analysis was used to account for heterogeneity.Results28 studies with 570,162 patients were entered in meta‐analysis. Older age and a low total Braden scale score increased the risk for pressure ulcers. All subscales excluding ‘moisture’ reached significance in meta‐analysis based only on few studies, however, limiting overall evidence. Male sex achieved mixed results, too.ConclusionThe first meta‐analytic analysis shows evidence for age and Braden scale as risk factors for pressure ulcer development. Limitations regarding study quality and heterogeneity must be considered, highlighting the need for unifying certain conditions in risk factor research.Relevance to clinical practicePatients at risk for new pressure ulcers can be identified by their total Braden score and age, whereas the latter is also connected to deeper pressure ulcers. Nurses and health personnel should pay great attention to patients in older age and undergo specific training to utilise and evaluate the Braden scale effectively, if necessary.
The Potential for Teacher‐Student Relationships and the Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child Model to Mitigate Adverse Childhood Experiences
Authors: Keane Kevin , Evans Retta R. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with poorer health and educational outcomes. With over 20% of children experiencing multiple ACEs, interventions must target protective factors to improve outcomes among these students. Teacher‐student relationships (TSRs) integrated with the Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) are one promising approach to building resilience to overcome ACEs.METHODSA narrative literature review was conducted on ACEs, resilience, TSRs, and the WSCC model to explore the evidence and potential of TSR interventions integrated within the WSCC model to build resilience in students experiencing ACEs.RESULTSSupportive adult relationships are one of the strongest protective factors against ACEs. TSR interventions have improved student and relationship outcomes. Few studies have explored the relationship between TSRs and ACEs or TSR ACEs interventions. The WSCC model provides opportunities to integrate TSRs and other protective factors into a schoolwide health model to build resilience.CONCLUSIONSTSRs and the WSCC model are promising approaches to target protective factors to mitigate ACEs. Research is needed to further establish TSRs as a protective factor, explore TSR ACEs interventions, and determine best practices for integrating TSRs and resilience in the WSCC model.
Travel burden in a rural primary care behavioral weight loss randomized trial: Impact on visit attendance and weight loss
Authors: Kurz Daniel , Befort Christie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeRural residents have higher obesity rates and need access to treatment. Travel burden may limit use and effectiveness of clinic‐based behavioral weight loss treatment, which includes frequent visits. This paper examines the impact of travel distance and time on visit attendance and weight loss during a 2‐year cluster randomized trial.MethodsThirty‐six primary care practices were randomized to 1 of 3 methods of providing behavioral weight loss counseling: individual clinic visits, group clinic visits, or group phone visits. Participants in the clinic visit conditions were included in this secondary analysis (n = 875). Travel distance and time was measured using ArcGIS and categorized as <15 miles (and minutes) or ≥15 miles (and minutes). Percent visit attendance and percent weight loss were measured 6 and 24 months.FindingsParticipants traveling ≥15 miles (n = 211) had lower attendance than those traveling <15 miles (n = 664) for individual clinic visits, both in the first 6 months (81.4% vs 89.1%, respectively; P = .005) and between 7 and 24 months (52.8% vs 61.6%, respectively; P = .02). Travel time revealed similar findings. Neither travel distance nor time had an effect on attendance to group clinic visits. Travel distance and time were not significantly associated with weight loss for either individual or group visits.ConclusionTravel burden to clinics was associated with visit attendance for individual visits but not for group visits and was not significantly associated with weight loss. Assessment of travel burden as a potential barrier to clinic‐based weight loss interventions should be based on local empirical data.
The surface mechanics of cooked rice as influenced by gastric fluids measured using a micro texture analyzer
Authors: Lv Boya , Wu Peng , Chen Xiao Dong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this study, a micro texture analyzer (MTA) was employed to explore the texture characteristics of the surface of an individual steamed rice (SR) and fried rice (FR) grain exhibited in four simulated digestion environments in vitro. The elastic modulus, hardness and elastic index of the single cooked rice particle were measured using the MTA. The hardness of SR particles decreased by 66, 81, 89.1, and 95% after simulated digestion in distilled water, HCl, simulated gastric fluid (SGF), and simulated salivary and gastric fluid (SSF + SGF), respectively. This is in line with the most significant volume expansion and structure ruptures when digested in SSF + SGF. Similar mechanical and structural behaviors were shown for FR, but the hardness and elastic modulus decreased less than those of SR under the same digestion conditions. The different surface mechanics are consistent with the reduced expansion and more compact structure with smaller voids in FR during in vitro digestion. This could be attributed to the encapsulation by frying oil on the surface that would retard the diffusion of digestive fluids into the rice kernels. A weak negative correlation was found between the elastic modulus and the moisture content of the cooked rice. The present study has quantitatively assessed the surface mechanics of cooked rice as influenced by gastric fluids using the MTA. This is practically meaningful for gaining an in‐depth understanding of the influence of textural modifications on disintegration of solid foods and release of nutrients during digestion.
Significance of milling methods on brown teff flour, dough, and bread properties
Authors: Pulivarthi Manoj Kumar , Selladurai Manivannan , Nkurikiye Eric , Li Yonghui , Siliveru Kaliramesh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTeff (Eragrostis tef) has gained wide popularity mainly attributed to its gluten‐free nature catering the needs of gluten‐sensitive population. The higher water absorption capacity and gelling properties of teff flour promote its food applications, especially in the baking sector. The nutritional and sensorial properties of teff flour have been studied by incorporating with wheat flour at different proportions, but no study has reported the impact of various milling methods on the rheological and bread‐making properties of teff flour. In this regard, the present study is envisaged to assess the physical, rheological, and bread‐making properties of teff flour acquired over roller, hammer, and pin milling. Among the milling methods, the distribution of particles was more uniform in case of roller mill, while finer particles were obtained for the pin milled flour fractions with 60% of the sample falling below 90 μm. It was observed that the protein, crude fiber, and crude fat contents for all the flours were on par with each other irrespective of the milling method. Whereas, the pasting properties varied significantly between the flours obtained from different milling methods. It was observed that the pin milled flour bread was superior in quality owing to its higher loaf volume (331.67 cm3) with lower hardness value (5.99 N). The present study indicates the fact that pin mill could be more suitable for milling brown teff grains owing to the better pasting and bread‐making properties.