bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nationwide racial/ethnic disparities in US emergency department visits and hospitalizations for gout
Authors: Yokose Chio , McCormick Natalie , Lu Na , Joshi Amit D , Jackson Lesley , Kohler Minna J , Yinh Janeth , Zhang Yuqing , Hsu John , Dalbeth Nicola , Saag Kenneth G , Choi Hyon K 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Gout prevalence is reportedly ∼20% higher in US Black adults than Whites, but racial differences in emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations for gout are unknown. We evaluated the latest US national utilization datasets according to racial/ethnic groups.

Methods
Using 2019 US National Emergency Department Sample and National Inpatient Sample databases, we compared racial/ethnic differences in annual population rates of ED visits and hospitalizations for gout (primary discharge diagnosis) per 100 000 US adults (using 2019 age- and sex-specific US census data). We also examined rates of ED visits and hospitalizations for gout among all US ED visits/hospitalizations and mean costs for each gout encounter.

Results
Compared with White patients, the per capita age- and sex-adjusted rate ratio (RR) of gout primary ED visits for Black patients was 5.01 (95% CI 4.96, 5.06), for Asian patients 1.29 (1.26, 1.31) and for Hispanic patients 1.12 (1.10, 1.13). RRs for gout primary hospitalizations were 4.07 (95% CI 3.90, 4.24), 1.46 (1.34, 1.58) and 1.06 (0.99, 1.13), respectively. Corresponding RRs among total US hospitalizations were 3.17 (95% CI 2.86, 3.50), 3.23 (2.71, 3.85) and 1.43 (1.21, 1.68) and among total ED visits were 2.66 (95% CI, 2.50, 2.82), 3.28 (2.64, 4.08), and 1.14 (1.05, 1.24), respectively. RRs were largest among Black women. Costs for ED visits and hospitalizations experienced by race/ethnicity showed similar disparities.

Conclusions
These first nationwide data found a substantial excess in both gout primary ED visits and hospitalizations experienced by all underserved racial/ethnic groups, particularly by Black women, revealing an urgent need for improved care to eliminate inequities in gout outcomes.
Sleep slow waves’ negative-to-positive-phase transition: a marker of cognitive and apneic status in aging
Authors: Lafrenière Alexandre , Lina Jean-Marc , Hernandez Jimmy , Bouchard Maude , Gosselin Nadia , Carrier Julie 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The sleep slow-wave (SW) transition between negative and positive phases is thought to mirror synaptic strength and likely depends on brain health. This transition shows significant age-related changes but has not been investigated in pathological aging. The present study aimed at comparing the transition speed and other characteristics of SW between older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and cognitively normal (CN) controls with and without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We also examined the association of SW characteristics with the longitudinal changes of episodic memory and executive functions and the degree of subjective cognitive complaints. aMCI (no/mild OSA = 17; OSA = 15) and CN (no/mild OSA = 20; OSA = 17) participants underwent a night of polysomnography and a neuropsychological evaluation at baseline and 18 months later. Participants with aMCI had a significantly slower SW negative-to-positive-phase transition speed and a higher proportion of SW that are “slow-switchers” than CN participants. These SW measures in the frontal region were significantly correlated with memory decline and cognitive complaints in aMCI and cognitive improvements in CN participants. The transition speed of the SW that are “fast-switchers” was significantly slower in OSA compared to no or mild obstructive sleep apnea participants. The SW transition-related metrics showed opposite correlations with the longitudinal episodic memory changes depending on the participants’ cognitive status. These relationships were particularly strong in participants with aMCI. As the changes of the SW transition-related metrics in pathological aging might reflect synaptic alterations, future studies should investigate whether these new metrics covary with biomarker levels of synaptic integrity in this population.
Communications Ecosystem to Support the Assay Validation Community: A Concept
Authors: Stack James P. , Cardwell Kitty F. 
Published: October 2022

The ability to minimize negative economic, environmental, or productivity impacts to plant systems caused by recurrent and emerging pathogens and pests depends on the early detection and accurate identification of those pests and pathogens. New pest and pathogen populations and genotypes are being detected and reported monthly in peer-reviewed journals across the globe. Accurate and timely identification of pests and pathogens is dependent on the capability and capacity of the diagnostic laboratory. Among the important attributes for a diagnostic laboratory are the technologies and methods used and the number and types of samples that the laboratory can process. Because pathogen or pest identification informs response, accurate identification is also dependent on the reliability of the assay employed and the correct interpretation of assay results. Confidence in the test results generated, and ultimately in the identification rendered, is dependent on the design and rigor of the validation process for the assay(s) used. Well-designed and -executed validation requires access to an array of resources including positive controls, reference strains to build inclusivity and exclusivity panels, reference nucleic acid sequence databases, and fully vetted standard operating procedures. A communications ecosystem to facilitate the sharing of such resources, as well as to provide access to taxon and technology expertise, will greatly accelerate the development, validation, and reliability of trusted diagnostic tests to support plant biosecurity specifically and plant health in general. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Avdoralimab (Anti-C5aR1 mAb) Versus Placebo in Patients With Severe COVID-19: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial (FOR COVID Elimination [FORCE])*
Authors: Carvelli Julien , Meziani Ferhat , Dellamonica Jean , Cordier Pierre-Yves , Allardet-Servent Jerome , Fraisse Megan , Velly Lionel , Barbar Saber Davide , Lehingue Samuel , Guervilly Christophe , Desgrouas Maxime , Camou Fabrice , Piperoglou Christelle , Vely Frederic , Demaria Olivier , Karakunnel Joyson , Fares Joanna , Batista Luciana , Rotolo Federico , Viotti Julien , Boyer-Chammard Agnes , Lacombe Karine , Le Dault Erwan , Carles Michel , Schleinitz Nicolas , Vivier Eric ,   for the FOR COVID Elimination (FORCE) Study Group
Published: October 2022

OBJECTIVES:
Severe COVID-19 is associated with exaggerated complement activation. We assessed the efficacy and safety of avdoralimab (an anti-C5aR1 mAb) in severe COVID-19.

DESIGN:
FOR COVID Elimination (FORCE) was a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

SETTING:
Twelve clinical sites in France (ICU and general hospitals).

PATIENTS:
Patients receiving greater than or equal to 5 L oxygen/min to maintain Spo
2 greater than 93% (World Health Organization scale ≥ 5). Patients received conventional oxygen therapy or high-flow oxygen (HFO)/noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in cohort 1; HFO, NIV, or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in cohort 2; and IMV in cohort 3.

INTERVENTIONS:
Patients were randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, to receive avdoralimab or placebo. The primary outcome was clinical status on the World Health Organization ordinal scale at days 14 and 28 for cohorts 1 and 3, and the number of ventilator-free days at day 28 (VFD28) for cohort 2.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
We randomized 207 patients: 99 in cohort 1, 49 in cohort 2, and 59 in cohort 3. During hospitalization, 95% of patients received glucocorticoids. Avdoralimab did not improve World Health Organization clinical scale score on days 14 and 28 (between-group difference on day 28 of –0.26 (95% CI, –1.2 to 0.7; p = 0.7) in cohort 1 and –0.28 (95% CI, –1.8 to 1.2; p = 0.6) in cohort 3). Avdoralimab did not improve VFD28 in cohort 2 (between-group difference of –6.3 (95% CI, –13.2 to 0.7; p = 0.96) or secondary outcomes in any cohort. No subgroup of interest was identified.

CONCLUSIONS:
In this randomized trial in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia, avdoralimab did not significantly improve clinical status at days 14 and 28 (funded by Innate Pharma, ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04371367).
Protecting health facilities: design options for armed conflict and climate change disasters
Authors: Groves Heather , Kushner Adam L. , Gupta Shailvi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Hospital facility designs are essential to maintaining function during times of disaster. For hospitals to remain open during emergencies, their structures must resist forces from many types of hazards such as earthquakes, hurricanes, flooding, and even societal hazards, such as war. Natural disasters are becoming more dangerous with the advent of global climate change. In this article, we investigate health care building design interventions to protect facilities. Ultimately, a multi-hazard approach is the best way to prepare hospitals for resiliency in the face of disaster.
Dexmedetomidine-induced polyuria in the intensive care unit: a case report
Authors: Kutluer Karaca Nurcan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Dexmedetomidine is an α2 agonist that is frequently used for sedation in intensive care units (ICUs). Hypotension and bradycardia are common adverse effects observed in clinical practice. In perioperative conditions, polyuria is a rare adverse effect with limited case reports after dexmedetomidine infusion. Similar to this situation, in ICU, there are rare cases. We present the case of a 59-year-old man who developed polyuria secondary to high-dose intravenous dexmedetomidine infusion in the medical ICU.
Nonsurgical Correction of Stahl’s Ear in Neonates: A Case Study
Authors: Panopoulou Georgina , Petrou Ilias , Vassiliou Andreas 
Published: October 2022

Summary:
Stahl’s ear deformity is a congenital auricular anomaly characterized by a third crus in the auricular cartilage, giving rise to an irregular helical rim and a bent scaphoid fossa. This deformity is mainly treated surgically during childhood. However, studies regarding ear-molding techniques show that postpartum splinting offers a safer and more effective permanent correction, and that happens because of the high circulating levels of estrogen that neonates receive from their mothers right after birth, making the cartilage more malleable. We present a case that shows a newborn with unilateral Stahl’s ear deformity, in which we used a molding device (EarBuddies) to permanently correct the ear’s shape. After 3 weeks of treatment, the affected auricle regained its normal appearance. There were no complications. Long-term follow-up showed no recurrence. Splinting of this ear deformity seems to be a nonpainful, stress-free and, most importantly, effective nonoperative treatment. Postpartum clinical examination of the ears is crucial, as the sooner the nonsurgical correction of the deformity begins, the better the results are. A clinical screening for ear deformities should be established immediately after every child’s birth to eliminate the risk for surgical intervention later in childhood.
Advantage of oncological outcome of robotic-assisted pancreatoduodenectomy (RPD) in stage I pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC)
Authors: Li Jingfeng , Zhao Shulin , Jin Jiabin , Shi Yusheng , Weng Yuanchi , Chen Mengmin , Chen Hao , Xu Zhiwei , Deng Xiaxing , Shen Baiyong , Peng Chenghong 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Robotic-assisted pancreatoduodenectomy (RPD) has been widely performed in the treatment of pancreatic tumors. The oncologic outcome in the early stage of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) operated by RPD has not been evaluated.

Methods:
Clinical data of pathology confirmed stage I PDAC from January 2015 to December 2020 in Ruijin hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine was collected and retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into the open pancreaticoduodenectomy (OPD) group and the RPD group. Clinicopathological data and prognosis data were compared and analyzed.

Results:
A total of 426 patients were enrolled in this study, including 342 patients in the OPD group and 84 patients in the RPD group. The baseline characteristics of both groups were equivalent. Incidence of R1 resection was significantly lower in RPD group (3 [3.6%] vs 40 [11.7%], P = .044). RPD group was associated with better disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) (DFS: Haszard Ratio [HR]: 0.681, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.491–0.945, P = .022; OS: HR: 0.667, 95% CI: 0.478–0.932, P = .017). T2 stage was associated with poor DFS and OS (DFS: HR: 1.471, 95% CI: 1.092–1.981, P = .011; OS: HR: 1.616, 95% CI: 1.209–2.160, P = .035). R1 resection was associated with poor OS (HR: 1.483, 95% CI: 1.028–2.140, P = .035) while adjuvant therapy was associated with better OS (HR: 0.589, 95% CI: 0.452–0.766, P < .001). Kaplan–Meier estimate showed significantly longer DFS and OS in RPD group (DFS: P = .004; OS: P = .009).

Conclusion:
For stage I PDAC patients, RPD surgery achieved higher R0 resection rates and better DFS and OS. T1 stage was associated with better DFS. R0 resection and adjuvant therapy were the accesses to better OS.
Vertebral arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) and vertebral artery aneurysms in neurofibromatosis type 1: A case report and a systematic review
Authors: Zhao Jiali , Zhao Guangyu , Lu Lin , Li Chunxia , Yang Ruirui 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is caused by mutations in the NF1 gene on the long arm of chromosome 17, which affects the skin, nervous system, eyes, and skeleton system. Vertebral arteriovenous fistula (AVF) associated with neurofibromatosis type I (NF-1) is rare.

Case presentation:
We report a 31-year-old postpartum woman with NF1 with vertebral arteriovenous fistulae (AVFs). She presented to our hospital because of neck pain, intracranial hypotension headache, and right upper limb weakness. She had a family history of NF1. After endovascular intervention, the AVF disappeared. However, a new aneurysm appeared on the right vertebral artery V5 dissection after 6 months of follow-up.

Conclusions:
The presence of NF1 in patients who present with neurologic signs should prompt further angiography. Awareness of the coexistence between NF1 and AVF or aneurysm is crucial to avoiding diagnostic delays. Endovascular occlusion of VV-AVF in NF-1 patients is effective and safe.
Growth modulation for angular knee deformities: a practical guideline
Authors: Braga Susana Reis , Santili Claudio , Rodrigues Natasha Vogel Majewski , Soni Jamil F. , Green Daniel W. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose of review
This study aimed to review the established concepts and advances related to growth modulation for treating knee angular deformities. Although they are considered well tolerated procedures, careful indications and accurate techniques are necessary to ensure good results.

Recent findings
In addition to general clinical and radiographic evaluations, new tools such as two-dimensional low-dose radiography and gait analysis have been used to clarify angular and torsional combinations and the impact of mild angulations on the knee joint. Temporary epiphysiodesis is commonly the choice, and it can be performed with different implants such as staples, tension band plates (TBP), percutaneous transphyseal screws (PETS), sutures, and screws.

Summary
Considering its principles, TBP has been preferred for younger children. Cost can be a limitation, and research for alternative implants such as screws and nonabsorbable sutures indicate they might be an alternative in the future. In adolescents, PETS becomes an attractive alternative; however, its reversible character has been controversial, and further studies are needed to establish limits in younger patients.
The effect of autologous fat grafting and platelet-rich plasma injections in osteoarthritis of the CMC joint of the thumb: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Winter Raimund , Hasiba-Pappas Sophie K. , Tuca Alexandru-Cristian , Zrim Robert , Nischwitz Sebastian , Popp Daniel , Lumenta David Benjamin , Girsch Werner , Kamolz Lars-P. 
Published: October 2022

Background:
For the treatment of CMC arthritis of the thumb various therapies are used. Infiltration therapy with autologous substances such as platelet-rich plasma and autologous fat have recently gained increasing attention due to beneficial pain-reducing effects in arthritis and the associated regenerative potential.
The extent of clinical evidence in this area, however, and how well autologous substances work in terms of pain reduction and improvements in hand function remains unclear.

Methods:
A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the current evidence and to provide more insight into pain reduction and improvement in hand function after infiltration of autologous substances. We identified 11 clinical trials of which we included 8 in the meta-analysis.

Results:
Autologous substances achieved a good and long-lasting pain reduction, which may also be accompanied by corresponding improvement in hand function. Autologous substances appear to be more effective than corticoid infiltrations. The infiltration of autologous fat seems to be particularly promising in more advanced stages of CMC arthritis of the thumb also.
Our meta-analysis showed a mean pain reduction of 2.4-3 in VAS score and a reduction of 18-19 points in the DASH questionnaire after infiltration with autologous substances.

Conclusions:
In conclusion, both PRP and autologous fat infiltration offer an efficient and long lasting minimally invasive therapy option in the treatment of CMC arthritis of the thumb.
“Deconstructing Allograft Adipose and Fascia Matrix to Treat Soft Tissue Defects: The Addition of Fascia Matrix to Adipose Matrix Improves Angiogenesis, Volume Retention and Adipogenesis in a Rodent Model”
Authors: Ziegler Mary E. , Sorensen Alexandria M. , Banyard Derek A. , Sayadi Lohrasb R. , Chnari Evangelia , Hatch Michaela M. , Tassey Jade , Mirzakhanyan Yeva , Gershon Paul D. , Hughes Christopher C.W. , Evans Gregory R.D. , Widgerow Alan D. 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Autologous fat grafting is commonly used for soft tissue repair (~90,000 cases/year in the US), but outcomes are limited by volume loss (20-80%) over time. Human allograft adipose matrix (AAM) stimulates de novo adipogenesis in vivo, but retention requires optimization. The extracellular matrix derived from superficial fascia, interstitial within the adipose layer, is typically removed during AAM processing. Thus, fascia, which contains numerous important proteins, might cooperate with AAM to stimulate de novo adipogenesis, improving long-term retention compared to AAM alone.

Methods:
Human AAM and fascia matrix proteins (back and upper leg regions) were identified by mass spectrometry and annotated by gene ontology (GO). A 3D in vitro angiogenesis assay was performed. Finally, AAM and/or fascia (1mL) was implanted into 6-8-week-old male Fischer rats. After 8 weeks, we assessed graft retention by gas pycnometry and angiogenesis (CD31) and adipocyte counts (H&E) histologically.

Results:
GO annotation revealed an angiogenic enrichment pattern unique to the fascia, including lactadherin, collagen alpha-3(V) chain and tenascin-C. In vitro, AAM stimulated 1.0±0.17 angiogenic sprouts/bead. The addition of fascia matrix increased sprouting by 88% (2.0±0.12; p<0.001). A similar angiogenic response (CD31) was observed in vivo. Graft retention volume was 25% (0.25±0.13) for AAM, significantly increasing to 60% (0.60±0.14) for AAM/fascia (p<0.05). De novo adipogenesis was 12% (12.4±7.4) for AAM, significantly increasing to 51% (51.2±8.0) for AAM/fascia (p<0.001) via adipocyte quantification.

Conclusion:
Combining fascia matrix with AAM improves angiogenesis and adipogenesis compared to AAM alone in rats. These preliminary in vitro and pilot animal studies should be further validated before definitive clinical adoption.
Programmatic Retention in Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) Programs: Estimated Rates and Cofactors Using Different Nonretention Measures
Authors: Jiang Wenwen , Ronen Keshet , Osborn Lusi , Drake Alison L. , Unger Jennifer A. , Matemo Daniel , Richardson Barbra A. , Kinuthia John , John-Stewart Grace 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission programs serve women continuing and initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in pregnancy, and follow-up schedules align to delivery rather than ART initiation, making conventional HIV retention measures (assessed from ART initiation) challenging to apply. We evaluated 3 measures of peripartum nonretention in Kenyan women living with HIV from pregnancy to 2 years postpartum.

Methods:
This longitudinal analysis used programmatic data from the Mobile WAChX trial (NCT02400671). Outcomes included loss to follow-up (LTFU) (no visit for ≥6 months), incomplete visit coverage (<80% of 3-month intervals with a visit), and late visits (>2 weeks after scheduled date). Predictors of nonretention were determined using Cox proportional hazards, log-binomial, and generalized estimating equation models.

Results:
Among 813 women enrolled at a median of 24 weeks gestation, incidence of LTFU was 13.6/100 person-years; cumulative incidence of LTFU by 6, 12, and 24 months postpartum was 16.7%, 20.9%, and 22.5%, respectively. Overall, 35.5% of women had incomplete visit coverage. Among 794 women with 12,437 scheduled visits, a median of 11.1% of visits per woman were late (interquartile range 4.3%–23.5%). Younger age, unsuppressed viral load, unemployment, ART initiation in pregnancy, and nondisclosure were associated with nonretention by all measures. Partner involvement was associated with better visit coverage and timely attendance. Women who became LTFU had higher frequency of previous late visits (16.7% vs. 7.7%, P < 0.0001).

Conclusions:
Late visit attendance may be a sentinel indicator of LTFU. Identified cofactors of prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission programmatic retention may differ depending on retention measure assessed, highlighting the need for standardized measures.