bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Realist Evaluation of Residential Treatment of Adults with Substance use Disorder: Development of an Initial Programme Theory
Authors: De Salis Henry F. , Martin Rachelle , Bell Elliot , Newton-Howes Giles 
Published: August 2022

AbstractResidential treatment of addiction remains a key element in addictions management, though high rates of attrition and relapse are reported, and underlying mechanisms of change remain unclear. This study aimed to complete the first stage of a realist evaluation—to develop an initial programme theory that would explain possible contexts and mechanisms of change leading to outcomes from a residential treatment programme for substance use disorders. Realist evaluation using key informant interviews and document review. Residential treatment centre in New Zealand. Four key informants (managers and caseworkers). Retroductive analysis (inductive and deductive) of semi-structured interviews and content analysis of documents. We identified one intermediate outcome of identity change that contributed to successful completion of residential treatment. The mechanisms leading to these outcomes were the development of a sense of belonging to the recovery community and a sense of hope and purpose. These mechanisms were activated in contexts including supportive and structured culture (staff and peers) and the absence of chaos. We developed an initial programme theory to explain successful completion of a residential treatment for SUD. Theories like this are important because practitioners can use them to increase the likelihood of replication of successful treatment. We found that realist evaluation provides researchers with appropriate philosophy and methods with which to explore and start to unravel some of the complexity within residential treatment for addictions.
Recent Ice Trends in Swiss Mountain Lakes: 20-year Analysis of MODIS Imagery
Authors: Tom Manu , Wu Tianyu , Baltsavias Emmanuel , Schindler Konrad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDepleting lake ice is a climate change indicator, just like sea-level rise or glacial retreat. Monitoring Lake Ice Phenology (LIP) is useful because long-term freezing and thawing patterns serve as sentinels to understand regional and global climate change. We report a study for the Oberengadin region of Switzerland, where several small- and medium-sized mountain lakes are located. We observe the LIP events, such as freeze-up, break-up and ice cover duration, across two decades (2000–2020) from optical satellite images. We analyse the time series of MODIS imagery by estimating spatially resolved maps of lake ice for these Alpine lakes with supervised machine learning. To train the classifier we rely on reference data annotated manually based on webcam images. From the ice maps, we derive long-term LIP trends. Since the webcam data are only available for two winters, we cross-check our results against the operational MODIS and VIIRS snow products. We find a change in complete freeze duration of $$-\,0.76$$

-

0.76

and $$-\,0.89$$

-

0.89

days per annum for lakes Sils and Silvaplana, respectively. Furthermore, we observe plausible correlations of the LIP trends with climate data measured at nearby meteorological stations. We notice that mean winter air temperature has a negative correlation with the freeze duration and break-up events and a positive correlation with the freeze-up events. Additionally, we observe a strong negative correlation of sunshine during the winter months with the freeze duration and break-up events.
Text/Körper: Der Fincken Ritter (1560)
Authors: Fuhrmann Daniela , Kohler Kathia 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Artikel schlägt eine Neulektüre des Fincken Ritter vor, einer 1560 anonym erschienenen Flugschrift, die aufgrund ihres unmöglichen Inhalts sowie der wilden Aneinanderreihung von Gattungstraditionen, Motiven und Topoi gemeinhin zur Unsinnspoesie gezählt wird. Entgegen der Forschung, die sich überwiegend der vom Text angeblich betriebenen Zersetzung von Sinn widmete, argumentiert der Artikel, dass sich mit Blick auf die zentrale Körpermotivik eine neue Perspektive einstellen lässt: Über die Körperlichkeit des titelgebenden Helden erhält das Herleiten, Erproben und Einüben von Eigenlogiken auf Ebene der Erzählverfahren Anschauung. Nicht nur der Held muss sich in einer verkehrten Welt bewähren, bevor er geboren werden kann. Auch das Erzählen davon bildet sich schrittweise aus und schöpft sich in enger Auseinandersetzung mit tradierten Modellen eine Welt eigenen Regeln und Rechts. Dieses Argument wird an drei Momenten der vielgestaltig inszenierten Körperlichkeit entwickelt: Die handlungsantreibende Nahrungssuche des Helden deutet das Modell des Stoffwechsels als Anschluss an tradierte Materie neu. In den drastischen Versehrungen des Helden eröffnet sich das Erzählen einen auktorialen Spielraum zwischen seinem erlebenden und erzählenden Ich. Über Klang-Körper schließlich werden Modelle der Textvervielfältigung und -zirkulation reflektiert. Alle drei Körperübungen zielen darauf, das Verhältnis von Erzählposition und davon abhängigem Weltentwurf zu durchdenken. So wird die körperliche figura des Finkenritters zur poetologischen Reflexionsfigur des Fincken Ritter.
Measures of noncompactness in the space of regulated functions on an unbounded interval
Authors: Dudek Szymon , Olszowy Leszek 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we formulate a criterion for relative compactness in the space of regulated functions on an unbounded interval and not necessarily bounded. Next we construct measure of noncompactness in this space and investigate its properties. The presented measure is simpler and more convenient to use than all known so far in space of regulated functions on an unbounded interval. Moreover, we show the applicability of the measure of noncompactness in proving the existence of solutions of some Volterra type integral equation.
Soil liquefaction assessment by using hierarchical Gaussian Process model with integrated feature and instance based domain adaption for multiple data sources
Authors: Guo Hongwei , Rabczuk Timon , Zhu Yanfei , Cui Hanyin , Su Chang , Zhuang Xiaoying 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFor soil liquefaction prediction from multiple data sources, this study designs a hierarchical machine learning model based on deep feature extraction and Gaussian Process with integrated domain adaption techniques. The proposed model first combines deep fisher discriminant analysis (DDA) and Gaussian Process (GP) in a unified framework, so as to extract deep discriminant features and enhance the model performance for classification. To deliver fair evaluation, the classifier is validated in the approach of repeated stratified K-fold cross validation. Then, five different data resources are presented to further verify the model’s robustness and generality. To reuse the gained knowledge from the existing data sources and enhance the generality of the predictive model, a domain adaption approach is formulated by combing a deep Autoencoder with TrAdaboost, to achieve good performance over different data records from both the in-situ and laboratory observations. After comparing the proposed model with classical machine learning models, such as supported vector machine, as well as with the state-of-art ensemble learning models, it is found that, regarding seismic-induced liquefaction prediction, the predicted results of this model show high accuracy on all datasets both in the repeated cross validation and Wilcoxon signed rank test. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is made on the DDA-GP model to reveal the features that may significantly affect the liquefaction.
Factors influencing halide vacancy transport in perovskite solar cells
Authors: Woo Young Won , Jung Young-Kwang , Kim Gee Yeong , Kim Sunghyun , Walsh Aron 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIon migration in inorganic and hybrid organic-inorganic metal halide perovskites causes unusual phenomena in photovoltaic devices, such as current-voltage hysteresis and photoinduced phase transformations. It is now well established that metal halide perovskites are mixed ionic-electronic conductors and halide ions are mobile at room temperature. The effect of various physical stimuli like light, heat, pressure, and applied bias can affect the distribution and movement of ions. However, the impact of each stimulus is not understood as the measured response includes a combination of factors. We explore, using first-principles density functional theory (DFT), halide migration mediated by vacancies in model cubic phases of CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) and systematically control the electronic, chemical, and mechanical conditions. We assess the potential energy landscape for ion migration and how device-relevant conditions and compositional engineering can influence the physical behaviour of halide perovskites.
Bayesian Geostatistical Modeling to Assess Malaria Seasonality and Monthly Incidence Risk in Eswatini
Authors: Dlamini Sabelo Nick , Fall Ibrahima Socé , Mabaso Sizwe Doctor 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEswatini is on the brink of malaria elimination and had however, had to shift its target year to eliminate malaria on several occasions since 2015 as the country struggled to achieve its zero malaria goal. We conducted a Bayesian geostatistical modeling study using malaria case data. A Bayesian distributed lags model (DLM) was implemented to assess the effects of seasonality on cases. A second Bayesian model based on polynomial distributed lags was implemented on the dataset to improve understanding of the lag effect of environmental factors on cases. Results showed that malaria increased during the dry season with proportion 0.051 compared to the rainy season with proportion 0.047 while rainfall of the preceding month (Lag2) had negative effect on malaria as it decreased by proportion − 0.25 (BCI: − 0.46, − 0.05). Night temperatures of the preceding first and second month were significantly associated with increased malaria in the following proportions: at Lag1 0.53 (BCI: 0.23, 0.84) and at Lag2 0.26 (BCI: 0.01, 0.51). Seasonality was an important predictor of malaria with proportion 0.72 (BCI: 0.40, 0.98). High malaria rates were identified for the months of July to October, moderate rates in the months of November to February and low rates in the months of March to June. The maps produced support-targeted malaria control interventions. The Bayesian geostatistical models could be extended for short-term and long-term forecasting of malaria supporting-targeted response both in space and time for effective elimination.
Achieving a Data-Driven Risk Assessment Methodology for Ethical AI
Authors: Felländer Anna , Rebane Jonathan , Larsson Stefan , Wiggberg Mattias , Heintz Fredrik 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe AI landscape demands a broad set of legal, ethical, and societal considerations to be accounted for in order to develop ethical AI (eAI) solutions which sustain human values and rights. Currently, a variety of guidelines and a handful of niche tools exist to account for and tackle individual challenges. However, it is also well established that many organizations face practical challenges in navigating these considerations from a risk management perspective within AI governance. Therefore, new methodologies are needed to provide a well-vetted and real-world applicable structure and path through the checks and balances needed for ethically assessing and guiding the development of AI. In this paper, we show that a multidisciplinary research approach, spanning cross-sectional viewpoints, is the foundation of a pragmatic definition of ethical and societal risks faced by organizations using AI. Equally important are the findings of cross-structural governance for implementing eAI successfully. Based on evidence acquired from our multidisciplinary research investigation, we propose a novel data-driven risk assessment methodology, entitled DRESS-eAI. In addition, through the evaluation of our methodological implementation, we demonstrate its state-of-the-art relevance as a tool for sustaining human values in the data-driven AI era.
Supplementation of high-dose ascorbic acid reduces necrosis on random dorsal skin flap in rats
Authors: Wijaya Intan Permata , Rusly Hariantana Hamid Agus Roy , Bagus Mahadewa Tjokorda Gde , Putu Hendra Sanjaya Gusti I , Suka Adnyana Made I , Suyasa Ketut I 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Flap necrosis due to ischemia-reperfusion injury remains a challenge to minimize in every flap procedure. Antioxidants are one of the alternatives developed to reduce free radicals formed from ischemia-reperfusion injury after the severance of blood vessels while also accelerating the wound healing process. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is the most widespread antioxidant available worldwide.

Objective:
To determine the effect of high-dose ascorbic acid in reducing the occurrence of necrosis on random dorsal skin flaps in Wistar rats.

Methods:
An double-blinded in-vivo experimental study was done on 36 Wistar rats undergoing a random dorsal skin flap procedure. The samples were divided into 2 groups. The intervention group samples were injected with high-dose ascorbic acid injection intraperitoneally at 300mg/kgBW per day for up to 7 days, while the control group samples were injected with normal saline. Variables analyzed were macrophage and malondialdehyde amount on the third day, fibroblasts amount on the seventh day, and distal flap necrosis on the seventh day.

Result:
Higher macrophage (14.56 vs. 4.78, p < 0.001) and fibroblasts amount (54 vs. 18, p < 0.001) were observed on the intervention group. Lower malondialdehyde amount (12 vs. 28, p < 0.001) was observed in the intervention group. There was a lower percentage of distal flap necrosis in the intervention group (11.9 vs. 36.2%, p < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Intraperitoneal injection of high-dose ascorbic acid reduced the extent of distal flap necrosis on random dorsal skin flaps of Wistar rats.

Highlights
Robert Boyle and Natural Kinds
Authors: ADRIAENSSEN HAN THOMAS , NAUTA LODI 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper studies Robert Boyle's account of kinds and classification. A number of commentators have argued that, for Boyle, classifications are inevitably the product of conventions. Others have challenged this reading, arguing that, according to Boyle, the corpuscular makeup of bodies gives rise to hard-edged natural kinds and classes. We argue that Boyle's position is more complicated than the available realist and conventionalist readings acknowledge. We argue that, according to Boyle, the individuation of kinds was to some degree the result of convention. At the same time, however, Boyle held that our classificatory practices are subject to constraints. We identify some of these constraints by turning to Boyle's discussion of the late scholastic debate about the plurality of forms, in particular the contributions of Jacopo Zabarella and Daniel Sennert. In this way, we clarify how Boyle strikes a balance between realist and conventionalist elements in his treatment of kinds.
Comparing post-concussion symptom reporting between adults with and without a TBI history within an adult male correctional facility
Authors: Theadom Alice , Mitchell Tracey , Shepherd Daniel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground:A higher proportion of people in prison have a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) than the general population. However, little is known about potentially related persistent symptoms in this population.Aims:To compare symptom reporting in men with and without a history of TBI following admission to a correctional facility.Methods:All men transferred to the South Auckland Correctional Facility in New Zealand complete a lifetime TBI history and the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptom Questionnaire (RPQ) as part of their routine health screen. Data collected between June 2020 and March 2021 were extracted and anonymised. Participants were classified as reporting at least one TBI in their lifetime or no TBI history. The underlying factor structure of the RPQ was determined using principal components analysis. Symptom scores between those with and without a TBI history were compared using Mann Whitney U tests.Results:Of the N = 363 adult male participants, 240 (66%) reported experiencing at least one TBI in their lifetime. The RPQ was found to have a two-factor structure (Factor 1: cognitive, emotional, behavioural; Factor 2: visual-ocular) explaining 61% of the variance. Men reporting a TBI history had significantly higher cognitive, emotional and behavioural (U = 50.4, p < 0.001) and visuo-ocular symptoms (U = 68.5, p < 0.001) in comparison to men reporting no TBI history.Conclusion:A history of TBI was associated with higher symptom burden on admission to a correctional facility. Screening for TBI history and current symptoms on admission may assist prisoners experiencing persistent effects of TBI to access rehabilitation.
Erasure as a Tool of Nineteenth-Century European Exploration, and the Arctic Travels of Tookoolito and Ipiirvik
Authors: Kaalund Nanna Katrine Lüders 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe American publisher Charles Francis Hall had no previous experience with the Arctic before he travelled there in 1860. Yet, Hall transformed himself into an Arctic authority, and was given command of a United States governmental funded expedition in 1870. Hall was only able to undertake his work in the Arctic because of his relationship with Tookoolito and Ipiirvik, a married Inuit couple from Cumberland Sound, and this article examines the structural processes that enabled Hall to rescript their expertise as his own. Tookoolito and Ipiirvik travelled with Hall for over a decade, a relationship where the unequal power-dynamic was continuously transformed and renegotiated in the United States and the Arctic. Drawing on recent historiographical insights on the construction of exploration knowledge in the imperial context, this article interrogates the epistemic and physical violence involved in Hall's erasure of Tookoolito and Ipiirvik's expertise and personhood. In doing so, I highlight the structural function of the erasure of Indigenous knowledge and labour in the production of nineteenth-century European and Euro-American Arctic science, and its enduring influence on the historiography.
Dynamics of fermentation profile, bacterial communities and their functional characteristics in red clover
Authors: Wang Siran , Shao Tao , Li Junfeng , Zhao Jie , Dong Zhihao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe bacterial community is important for shaping the fermentation characteristics of silage. This study aimed to investigate the fermentation characteristics, bacterial community and predicted functional characteristics of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) silage. First-cutting red clover was collected at the early bloom stage, wilted for 5 h and then ensiled in 10 litre-capacity silos. Triplicate silos were sampled after 1, 3, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days of ensiling, respectively. The bacterial communities on days 3 and 60 were assessed through high-throughput sequencing technology, and 16S rRNA-gene predicted functional characteristics were analysed based on the KEGG using Tax4Fun. After 60 days of ensiling, red clover silage was fermented well, as indicated by high lactic acid (~77.3 g/kg DM), and low concentrations of butyric acid (~3.73 g/kg DM) and ammonia nitrogen (~55.0 g/kg TN). During the initial stage of ensiling, fructose and glucose were more preferred than sucrose for microbes. The predominant genus Lactococcus (0.542) on day 3 was replaced by Lactobacillus (0.553) on day 60. The metabolism of amino acids, energy, cofactors and vitamins was inhibited, while the metabolism of nucleotides and carbohydrates was enhanced after ensiling. High-throughput sequencing technology combined with 16S rRNA gene-predicted functional analyses revealed the differences during the early and late stages of red clover silage not only for distinct bacterial compositions but also for specific functional traits. Our results could provide a comprehensive insight into bacterial community and their functional profiles to further improve the silage quality.
Diagnostic tools in coronavirus disease 2019 associated mucormycosis – do we need three-dimensional computed tomography?
Authors: Gupta G , Shakrawal N , Banthia S , Nehara H R , Chand D 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThree-dimensional computed tomography reconstruction of the face has recently been presented as a newer diagnostic tool in coronavirus disease 2019 associated mucormycosis. This study was conducted to compare three-dimensional computed tomography reconstruction with conventional two-dimensional computed tomography in coronavirus disease 2019 associated mucormycosis.MethodsA total of 123 mucormycosis patients underwent three-dimensional computed tomography reconstruction after a comprehensive clinical investigation. The involvement of the facial skeleton was noted.ResultsThe anterior maxillary wall was most commonly involved (9.8 per cent). Involvement of the lateral maxillary wall was noted in 6.5 per cent of patients. Sixty-seven patients (54.5 per cent) underwent endoscopic surgery, 22 (17.9 per cent) underwent open surgical procedures, and 12 (9.8 per cent) had combined endoscopic and open surgical procedures. In 21 patients (17.1 per cent), open surgery was performed in the first instance based on additional three-dimensional computed tomography findings, and revision surgical procedures were avoided.ConclusionThree-dimensional computed tomography of the face was found to be superior in determining the extent of disease. It reduces delays in diagnosis, facilitates surgical planning and minimises the need for multiple surgical procedures.
Hekate of Lagina: a goddess performing her civic duty
Authors: Herring Amanda 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Hellenistic Sanctuary of Hekate at Lagina represents the only site at which Hekate received state-sponsored cult at a monumental temple and a privileged place in the local pantheon. Elsewhere in Karia and the wider Greek world, Hekate was associated with magic and the underworld and received personal dedications at doorways and crossroads. This portrayal was echoed in art, where her character manifested in her triple-bodied form. Yet, at Lagina, part of the city of Stratonikeia, she was always represented with a single body. She was the focus of civic cult, in particular during the Hekatesia-Romaia festival, which celebrated the political alliance between Stratonikeia and Rome. Through an analysis of inscriptions, representations of the goddess in sculpture and coins, and the ritual use of the complex, this article concludes that Hekate of Lagina was a syncretic and singular figure who did not exist outside of Stratonikeia, and that her function at Lagina was primarily political, as a civic patron. As a goddess who oversaw life’s transitions and acted as a saviour of her people, she was uniquely suited to the role. The goddess and her sanctuary were used by the local population to create community identities and to negotiate their relationships with the wider world, particularly their imperial rulers.