bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID‐19 complications among patients with opioid use disorder: a retrospective cohort study across five major NYC hospital systems
Authors: Krawczyk Noa , Rivera Bianca D. , Basaraba Cale , Corbeil Thomas , Allen Bennett , Schultebraucks Katharina , Henry Brandy F. , Pincus Harold A. , Levin Frances R. , Martinez Diana 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsIndividuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) suffer disproportionately from COVID‐19. To inform clinical management of OUD patients, research is needed to identify characteristics associated with COVID‐19 progression and death among this population. We aimed to investigate the role of OUD and specific comorbidities on COVID‐19 progression among hospitalized OUD patients.DesignRetrospective cohort study of merged electronic health records (EHR) from five large private health systems.SettingNew York City, New York, USA, 2011–21.ParticipantsAdults with a COVID‐19 encounter and OUD or opioid overdose diagnosis between March 2020 and February 2021.MeasurementsPrimary exposure included diagnosis of OUD/opioid overdose. Risk factors included age, sex, race/ethnicity and common medical, substance use and psychiatric comorbidities known to be associated with COVID‐19 severity. Outcomes included COVID‐19 hospitalization and subsequent intubation, acute kidney failure, severe sepsis and death.FindingsOf 110 917 COVID‐19+ adults, 1.17% were ever diagnosed with OUD/opioid overdose. OUD patients had higher risk of COVID‐19 hospitalization [adjusted risk ratio (aRR) = 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.33, 1.47], intubation [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.74, 2.42], kidney failure (aRR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.34, 1.70), sepsis (aRR = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.88, 2.81) and death (aRR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.84, 2.40). Among hospitalized OUD patients, risks for worse COVID‐19 outcomes included being male; older; of a race/ethnicity other than white, black or Hispanic; and having comorbid chronic kidney disease, diabetes, obesity or cancer. Protective factors included having asthma, hepatitis‐C and chronic pain.ConclusionsOpioid use disorder patients appear to have a substantial risk for COVID‐19‐associated morbidity and mortality, with particular comorbidities and treatments moderating this risk.
The Effect of the Financial Structure Decision and Governance Mechanism on Shareholders' Wealth: Nonlinearity Evidence from a Petroleum‐based Economy
Authors: Shaddady Ali 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study was designed to determine the nature of the association between the financial structure decision and shareholders' wealth—dividend payments—of firms listed on one of the largest stock markets in oil‐based economies, the Saudi stock market. The study used panel data for all nonfinancial firms listed in Saudi Arabia's primary stock market (TASI) during the period from 2000 to 2018. The pooled ordinary least squares, quantile, generalized method of moments and U‐tests were conducted to evaluate the association between the financial structure decision and dividend payment. The preliminary findings revealed a positive effect of financial leverage on dividend payments using a linear model. However, when a nonlinear model was used, the study found a nonlinear relation between the financial structure decision and dividend payouts, which exhibited an inverted U‐shaped curve driven by levels of debt. This nonlinear relation verifies the tenets of the trade‐off theory of optimum debt level based on the costs and benefits of the debt. Further, the study found a negative influence of firm performance, size, and age on dividend payments. The outcomes of this study may provide useful insights for policymakers, managers, and lenders into the optimal level of financial leverage and efficient dividend policies.
Estrogen receptor 1 appears essential for fetal viability in a murine model of premature birth
Authors: Schmiedecke Stacey S. , Thagard Andrew S. , Edwards Sarah M. , Talley Rebecca L. , Dornisch Elisabeth M. , Damicis Jennifer R. , McLane Michael , Burd Irina , Napolitano Peter G. , Ieronimakis Nicholas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractProblemProtective effects for adult neurological disorders have been attributed to sex hormones. Using a murine model of prematurity, we evaluated the role of estrogen signaling in the process of perinatal brain injury following exposure to intrauterine inflammation.Method of studyIntrauterine lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to invoke preterm labor and fetal neuroinflammation. Fetal brains were analyzed for changes in Esr1, Esr2 and Cyp19. Dams heterozygous for the Esr1 knockout allele were also given intrauterine LPS to compare delivery and offspring viability to wild type controls.ResultsThe upregulation in inflammatory cytokines was accompanied by an increase in Esr1 and Esr2 transcripts, though protein levels declined. Cyp19 did not differ by mRNA or protein abundance. Offspring from Esr1 mutants were larger, had a longer gestation and significantly greater mortality.ConclusionsEstrogen signaling is altered in the fetal brains of preterm offspring exposed to neuroinflammatory injury. The reduction of Esr1 and Esr2 proteins with LPS suggests that these proteins are degraded. It is possible that transcriptional upregulation of Esr1 and Esr2 occurs to compensate for the loss of these proteins. Alternatively, the translation of Esr1 and Esr2 mRNAs may be disrupted with LPS while a feedback mechanism upregulates transcription. Intact Esr1 signaling is also associated with early preterm delivery following exposure to intrauterine LPS. A loss of one Esr1 allele delays this process, but appears to do so at the cost of fetal viability. These results suggest estrogen signaling plays opposing roles between maternal and fetal responses to preterm birth.
Translation of hyaluronic acid–based vitreous substitutes towards current regulations for medical devices
Authors: Schulz André , Germann Anja , Heinz Werner R. , Engelhard Melanie , Menz Helge , Rickmann Annekatrin , Meiser Ina , Wien Sascha , Wagner Sylvia , Januschowski Kai , Szurman Peter 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurposeHydrogel‐based vitreous substitutes have the potential to overcome the limitations of current clinically used endotamponades. With the goal of entering clinical trials, the present study aimed to (I) transfer the material synthesis of hyaluronic acid–based hydrogels into a routine, pharmaceutical‐appropriate production and (II) evaluate the properties of the vitreous substitutes in terms of the current regulations for medical devices (MDR/ISO standards).MethodsThe multistep manufacturing process of the vitreous substitutes, including the modification of hyaluronic acid with glycidyl methacrylate, photocopolymerization with N‐vinylpyrrolidone, and successive hydrogel purification, was developed under laboratory conditions, characterized using 1H‐NMR, FT‐IR and UV/Vis spectroscopies and HPLC, and transferred towards a pharmaceutical production environment considering GMP standards. The optical and viscoelastic characteristics of the hyaluronic acid–based hydrogels were compared with those of extracted human vitreous and silicone oil. The effect of the hydrogels on the metabolic activity, proliferation and apoptosis of fibroblast (MRC‐5, BJ, L929), retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE‐19, hiPSC‐derived RPE) and photoreceptor cells (661W) was studied as well as their mucosal tolerance via a HET‐CAM assay.ResultsHyaluronic acid–based hydrogels having a suitable purity, sterility, high transparency (>90%), appropriate refractive index (1.3365) and viscoelasticity (G′ > G″) were prepared in a standardized manner under controlled process conditions. The metabolic activity, proliferation and apoptosis of various cell types as well as egg choroid were unaffected by the hyaluronic acid–based vitreous substitutes, demonstrating their biocompatibility.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates the successful transferability of the crucial synthesis steps of hyaluronic acid–based hydrogels into a routine, GMP‐compliant production process while achieving the optical and viscoelastic properties, biocompatibility and purity required for their clinical use as vitreous substitutes.
A subset of VEGFR‐TKIs activates AMPK in LKB1‐mutant lung cancer
Authors: Yang Lujie , Zhang Qin , Xiong Yanli , Dang Zhaoqian , Xiao He , Chen Qian , Dai Xiaoyan , Zhang Lei , Zhu Jianwu , Wang Dong , Li Mengxia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe mutation of tumor suppressor gene liver kinase B1 (LKB1) has a prevalence of about 20% in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). LKB1‐mutant lung cancer is characterized by enhanced aggressiveness and immune escape and is associated with poor prognosis. Therefore, it is urgent to develop effective therapeutic methods for LKB1‐mutant NSCLC. Recently, apatinib, a VEGFR‐TKI, was found to significantly improve the outcome of LKB1‐mutant NSCLC, but the mechanism is not completely clear. In this study, AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), the crucial downstream kinase of LKB1 was excavated as the potential target of apatinib. Biochemical experiments verified that apatinib is a direct AMPK activator. Moreover, clinically available VEGFR‐TKIs were found to regulate AMPK differently: Apatinib and anlotinib can directly activate AMPK, while axitinib and sunitinib can directly inhibit AMPK. Activation of AMPK by apatinib leads to the phosphorylation of acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC) and inhibition of de novo fatty acid synthesis (FAsyn), which is upregulated in LKB1‐null cancers. Moreover, the killing effect of apatinib was obviously enhanced under delipidated condition, and the combination of exogenous FA restriction with apatinib treatment can be a promising method for treating LKB1‐mutant NSCLC. This study discovered AMPK as an important off‐target of apatinib and elucidated different effects of this cluster of VEGFR‐TKIs on AMPK. This finding can be the basis for the accurate and combined application of these drugs in clinic and highlights that the subset of VEGFR‐TKIs including apatinib and anlotinib are potentially valuable in the treatment of LKB1‐mutant NSCLC.
When to cryopreserve ovarian tissue: Determining the effects of chemotherapy on the ovarian reserve by studying follicular density and apoptosis
Authors: Labrune Elsa , Bianchetti Serge , Lepinasse Odile , Soignon Gaelle , Salle Bruno , Lornage Jacqueline 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesPatients scheduled to receive chemotherapy should be counselled on fertility preservation. Known gonadotoxic chemotherapies such as alkylating agents have a high risk of altering ovarian reserve. In some cases, the urgency of treatment requires the use of chemotherapy before fertility preservation, which will be carried out at a later stage. Usually the ovarian tissue is cryopreserved. The aim of our study is to investigate the impact of chemotherapies on follicular density and the apoptosis of reserve follicles.MethodsWe included 140 patients: 63 patients, mean age 18.8 years, were included in the group “no chemotherapy” (group A) and 77 patients, mean age 17.1 years, in the group “received chemotherapy before ovarian conservation” (group B). None of the patients had had pelvic radiotherapy prior to ovarian cryopreservation. The histological parameters studied were follicular density and the presence of malignant cells. We selected 12 patients from group A and 15 patients from group B, comparable in age and pathology, for whom we evaluated follicle apoptosis by immunostaining cleaved caspase‐3.ResultsWe demonstrated an inverse relationship between follicular density and age (p < 0.0001), as well as a lack of effect of chemotherapy on follicular density (p = 0.87). We showed the impact of various chemotherapies, especially with alkylating agents, on the apoptosis of ovarian follicles (p < 0.0001). Three patients had ovarian tissue infiltration, two of which were malignant.ConclusionThis work underlines the fact that conservation of ovarian tissue after chemotherapy remains possible.
Work as affective care: Visiting parents’ experiences of paid work abroad
Authors: Sampaio Dora 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article offers the concept of ‘work as affective care’ to explore the entanglement between financial and affective in transnational life. This is discussed in relation to practices of paid work by nonmigrant older parents during visits to their adult children abroad, an understudied dimension in the visiting friends and relatives, transnational family, and ageing scholarship. Drawing on ethnographic research with Brazilian transnational families, the article makes two distinct contributions. First, it emphasizes the broader repertoire of activities performed during visits, namely paid work outside the family household. Second, it underscores a temporal dimension to visits, namely prolonged stays. The discussion reveals a financial dimension to care where paid work acts as a form of affective care across places and generations. While often described positively, the intersections between financial and affective goals are not always harmonious, and material and affective needs can prove difficult to reconcile.
Compliant citizens, defiant rebels or neither? Exploring change and complexity in COVID‐19 vaccine attitudes and decisions in Bradford, UK: Findings from a follow‐up qualitative study
Authors: Lockyer Bridget , Moss Rachael H. , Endacott Charlotte , Islam Shahid , Sheard Laura ,   the Bradford Institute for Health Research Covid‐19 Scientific Advisory Group
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 vaccines have been the central pillar of the public health response to the pandemic, intended to enable us to ‘live with Covid’. It is important to understand change and complexity of COVID‐19 vaccines attitudes and decisions to maximize uptake through an empathetic lens.ObjectiveTo explore the factors that influenced people's COVID‐19 vaccines decisions and how their complex attitudes towards the vaccines had changed in an eventful year.Design and ParticipantsThis is a follow‐up study that took place in Bradford, UK between October 2021 and January 2022, 1 year after the original study. In‐depth phone interviews were conducted with 12 (of the 20 originally interviewed) people from different ethnic groups and areas of Bradford. Reflexive thematic analysis was conducted.ResultsEleven of the 12 participants interviewed had received both doses of the COVID‐19 vaccine and most intended to have a booster dose. Participants described a variety of reasons why they had decided to have the vaccines, including the following: feeling at increased risk at work; protecting family and others in their communities; unrestricted travel and being influenced by the vaccine decisions of family, friends and colleagues. All participants discussed ongoing interaction with COVID‐19 misinformation and for some, this meant they were uneasy about their decision to have the vaccine. They described feeling overloaded by and disengaged from COVID‐19 information, which they often found contradictory and some felt mistrustful of the UK Government's motives and decisions during the pandemic.ConclusionsThe majority of participants had managed to navigate an overwhelming amount of circulating COVID‐19 misinformation and chosen to have two or more COVID‐19 vaccines, even if they had been previously said they were unsure. However, these decisions were complicated, demonstrating the continuum of vaccine hesitancy and acceptance. This follow‐up study underlines that vaccine attitudes are changeable and contextual.Patient or Public ContributionThe original study was developed through a rapid community and stakeholder engagement process in 2020. Discussion with the Bradford Council Public Health team and the public through the Bradford COVID‐19 Community Insights Group was undertaken in 2021 to identify important priorities for this follow‐up study.
Defining an abnormal p53 immunohistochemical stain in Barrett's oesophagus‐related dysplasia: a single‐positive crypt is a sensitive and specific marker of dysplasia
Authors: Tomaszewski Kristen J , Neyaz Azfar , Sauder Kenan , Rickelt Steffen , Zhang M. Lisa , Yilmaz Omer , Crotty Rory , Shroff Stuti , Odze Robert , Mattia Anthony , Patil Deepa T , Deshpande Vikram 
Published: December 2022

Aimsp53 is an independent risk stratification marker in Barrett's oesophagus (BE), but no universally accepted definition exists for abnormal p53 staining. Herein, we assess p53 stains in two cohorts to: (1) define abnormal p53 staining in BE‐related dysplasia (BERD) and (2) assess the specificity and sensitivity of this cut‐point for the diagnosis of dysplasia.MethodsCohort 1 (n = 313) included (1) dysplastic BE biopsies, (2) prior non‐dysplastic BE (NDBE) biopsies from the same patients and (3) NDBE biopsies from patients who never progressed to dysplasia. Cohort 2 (n = 191) consisted of BE biopsies in which p53 staining aided in diagnosing dysplasia. Automated p53 staining quantification was performed on cohort 1. A semiquantitative p53 analysis, performed on both cohorts, included: (1) number of strongly positive glands, (2) strong glandular surface staining, (3) percentage of strongly positive glands and (4) null phenotype.ResultsNDBE biopsies from cohort 1 patients who progressed to dysplasia were more likely to show p53 positivity than non‐progressors (16.9 versus 0.6%) (P = 0.0001). The optimal quantitative cut‐point for distinguishing dysplastic from never‐dysplasia biopsies was 10 strongly positive cells. By semiquantitative analysis, a single strongly p53‐positive gland distinguished dysplastic from never‐dysplasia BE (sensitivity 98.6%, specificity 99.4%). The semiquantitative and quantitative analyses correlated (P = 0.0001). In cohort 2, the sensitivity and specificity for BERD of ≥ 1 strongly positive p53 gland were 86.0 and 88.6%.ConclusionsA single strongly positive p53 gland is sensitive and specific for BERD. Automated p53 analysis may reduce subjectivity associated with the diagnosis of BERD.
Tolerated, threatening and celebrated: How Canadian news media frames temporary migrant workers
Authors: Tungohan Ethel , Careless Jon 
Published: December 2022

AbstractImmigration scholars have long observed that migrant workers are paradoxically both welcomed and deemed threatening within the nation state. In this paper, we investigate the extent to which mainstream media outlets reinforce these perceptions. Using critical discourse analysis, we analysed 561 articles in three mainstream newspapers to ascertain the various discourses used to describe migrant workers and migrant work. Our analysis specifically found that a cluster of ‘hiring scandals’ led to an increase in coverage on migrant work, and affected the types of discourses used in reference to migrant workers. Prior to these scandals, migrant work generated minimal media coverage. Ultimately, we find that migrant workers are deemed tolerable to the nation‐state at certain time periods, deemed as threats in other time periods, and, in the current moment of the global health crisis, are deemed absolutely essential. Migrant workers are thus only 'conditionally included' in the state.
SARS‐CoV‐2 infection‐induced immunity and the duration of viral shedding: Results from a Nicaraguan household cohort study
Authors: Maier Hannah E. , Plazaola Miguel , Lopez Roger , Sanchez Nery , Saborio Saira , Ojeda Sergio , Barilla Carlos , Kuan Guillermina , Balmaseda Angel , Gordon Aubree 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundMuch of the world's population has been infected with SARS‐CoV‐2. Thus, immunity from prior infection will play a critical role in future SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission. We investigated the impact of infection‐induced immunity on viral shedding duration and viral load.MethodsWe conducted a household cohort study in Managua, Nicaragua, with an embedded transmission study that closely monitors participants regardless of symptoms. Real‐time reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to measure infections and seropositivity, respectively. Blood samples were collected twice annually and surrounding household intensive monitoring periods. We used accelerated failure time models to compare shedding times. Participants vaccinated ≥14 days prior to infection were excluded from primary analyses.ResultsThere were 600 RT‐PCR‐confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infections in unvaccinated participants between May 1, 2020, and March 10, 2022, with prior ELISA data. Prior infection was associated with 48% shorter shedding times (event time ratio [ETR] 0.52, 95% CI: 0.39–0.69, mean shedding: 13.7 vs. 26.4 days). A fourfold higher anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 spike titer was associated with 17% shorter shedding (ETR 0.83, 95% CI: 0.78–0.90). Similarly, maximum viral loads (lowest cycle threshold [CT]) were lower for previously infected individuals (mean CT 29.8 vs. 28.0, p = 4.02 × 10−3), for adults and children ≥10 years, but not for children 0–9 years; there was little difference in CT levels for previously infected versus naïve adults aged above 60 years.ConclusionsPrior infection‐induced immunity was associated with shorter viral shedding and lower viral loads, which may be important in the transition from pandemic to endemicity.
Tailoring the efficient laser‐absorption‐melting behavior of Bi2O3‐B2O3‐ZnO‐Nd2O3 glass for the OLED encapsulation
Authors: Leng Yue , Chen Yaoyi , Yang Yanguo , Si Yunxiang , Xie Tianyi , Wang Huaizhi , Meng Fancheng , Ren Haishen , Lin Huixing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe efficient 810 nm laser energy conversion of glass frit had been proven to be the key to the long‐term hermetic encapsulation of Organic Light Emitting Display (OLED). A direct laser energy conversion laser‐assisted Bi2O3‐B2O3‐ZnO‐Nd2O3 sealing glass material without extra laser absorbent such as carbon black, was designed and systematically investigated. The addition of Nd2O3, as glass modifiers with higher cationic field strength, could be conducive to enhancing the polymerization of glass network structure, manifesting that the glass‐transition temperature Tg, onset‐crystallization temperature Tc and thermal stability ΔT (ΔT = Tc‐Tg) increased, while thermal expansion coefficient CTE dropped to 9.72×10−6/°C and advantageously matched with the glass substrate (8±1×10−6/°C). More importantly, the absorption rate of BBZ‐Nd glass was more than 50 % between 800∼810 nm owing to the 4f‐4f electron transition of Nd3+ ions, and yet the reflectivity and transmittance of the wavelength at 800–810 nm were lower. As optimal compositions, the addition of 3.0 wt% Nd2O3 in Bi2O3‐B2O3‐ZnO‐Nd2O3 glass frit with higher absorption coefficients (80 %) led to instantaneous bonding encapsulation between glass substrates without interfacial cracks or pores with the 808 nm wavelength of the laser at 20 W and 2.4 mm/s.