bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cross-sectional Analytic study of Rate and Indication of Caesarean Section
Authors: Mohammed Atiya Kareem 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: The indications for cesarean section fall into two classes: absolute, where there is no choice, and relative, where there is a choice of method of delivery, but cesarean section appears to offer the best chance of safety for both mother and child.Aime: To investigate the incidence and indications used for CS in Sulaimani maternity teaching hospital. Method: A descriptive-analytic, cross-sectional study was carried out in Sulaimani maternity teaching hospital from 1st October –to December 31st July 2020. The study included 790 pregnant women who had delivered by elective or emergency cesarean section during the study period. women were interviewed by the researcher with a special questionnaire on the same day or the day after the surgery and a review of the case sheet done for information like indications, and types of cesarean section (elective or emergency) which was written in the operative note. Also, an ultrasound report was needed for the calculation of gestational age. Data organization and analysis were done by SPSS version 22. Result: The incidence of C.S in Sulaimani maternity teaching hospital was 34.6% during the study period and common indications of cesarean section were having a previous cesarean section (22.1%), failure of progress (11.9%), and fetal distress (10%).Conclusion: The study concluded that Cesarean sections were common in the study region, and the rate was more than twice higher than WHO recommendation and previous C.S, failure of progress, and fetal distress were the commonest indications of C.S.It will also create awareness among the mothers to not choose cesarean delivery unless it is medically necessary and not to accept physicians’ decisions to do a CS without asking critical questions about the indication.
Identification of key iron metabolism-related long non-coding RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma based on bioinformatics analysis
Authors: CHEN Yu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: The present study explored the regulatory mechanisms and functional roles of iron metabolism-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and their potential impact on prognosis of HCC patients. Methods: RNA-seq data and clinical information of HCC samples and normal samples were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) portal. Iron metabolism-related genes were downloaded from Reactome database and AmiGo2 database. Differential expression and correlation analysis were performed to identify iron metabolism-related differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs). Moreover, Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were used to screen the possible prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers of HCC. Results: A total of 20 differentially expressed and iron metabolism-related genes (DEIMRG) were identified by overlapping 3746 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 86 IMRGs. Next, ARHGAP11B, LINC00205, LINC00261 and SNHG12 were screened through univariate Cox regression, and Kaplan-Meier survival curves also indicated that ARHGAP11B, LINC00205, LINC00261 and SNHG12 were related to overall survival (OS) of HCC patients in TCGA database. Interestingly, ARHGAP11B, LINC00205 and LINC00261 were identified as prognostic DEIMRGs of HCC patients after validating the survival results in ICGC portal. ROC curves showed that ARHGAP11B, LINC00205 and LINC00261 could distinguish well between normal and HCC samples. Furthermore, LINC00205 was identified as independently prognostic factor by multivariate Cox analysis combined with clinicopathological factors. Finally, a ceRNA network including 25 mRNAs, 15 miRNAs and 3 lncRNAs was successfully constructed, and the PPI network illustrated that CDC25A, CHEK1, CCNE2 and ANLN proteins interact more with other proteins. Conclusions: In conclusion, we identified iron metabolism-related LINC00205 as a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker and investigated the potential regulatory of LINC00205, which may contribute to the treatment of HCC.
A Classification of Misbehavior Detection Schemes for VANETs: A Survey
Authors: Sangwan Anupma , Sangwan Anju , Singh Rishi Pal 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In today’s era, thinking of Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) as a midrib for the leaf of academic, social, corporate, and economic activities will not be erroneous. To avoid any panic situations like road accidents, heavy traffic jams, etc., the timely availability of correct information is compulsory. The presence of malicious nodes within the network will ruin the dream of establishing a safe, secure, and accident-free vehicular network. This objective can be fulfilled only when malicious nodes within the network are identified correctly and respective actions are taken at the right time. Therefore, there is a great requirement for efficient and intelligent misbehavior detection techniques to deal with such situations. Vehicular networks are very prone to numerous attacks, such as Sybil attacks, unauthorized access, etc. due to their dynamic nature. The main goal of this study is to discuss and bundle various available misbehavior detection schemes and respective solutions to cope with harmful attackers in the network. We have categorized different misbehavior detections on the criteria of architecture, approach, node-centric, and data-centric. The subcategorization is also given within the paper. One section of this paper focuses on the role of machine learning techniques in misbehavior detection as an emerging foot strap for further enhancement. A comparative analysis of various misbehavior detection schemes is also conducted based on performance measures like accuracy, False Positive Rate, Recall, Precision and F-measurement. Finally, the paper concluded by discussing open issues and various research challenges associated with misbehavior detection in the Vehicular Ad-hoc Network.
A rapid assessment of the impact of COVID-19 on the utilization of hospital services in Ondo State of South Western Nigeria
Authors: Zubairu Mahmud , Akin Fatiregun , Attah Onoja , Famokun Gboyega , Mahmud Mustafa , Touray Kebba , Olaoye Itse 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: There is no doubt that COVID_19 has impacted on all facets of human activities everywhere, including ONDO state, Nigeria. However, empirical evidence of the extent of this impact in ONDO is lacking. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of COVID_19 epidemic on the utilization of hospital services & determine the existence of community transmission of COVID_19 in ONDO state using a proxy “Respiratory Tract Infections, RTIs”.Methods: The study used resident clinicians to conduct peer review of hospital utilization records. The review was retrospectively for the months of January to May for four consecutive years (2018 to 2021). The team reviewed outpatient records from 11 health facilities before the advent of COVID_19 (2018) to date (2021). Thousands of such records were scrutinized to reveal six parameters: number of antenatal visits; number of live births and total number of infants served BCG; number RDTs conducted for Malaria, number of RTIs seen and total number of patients for all other illnesses. Results: Results showed a decline in all parameters investigated except RTIs. Indeed, the proportion of RTIs - related hospital visits increased by about 22.8%.Discussion: The decline in the utilization of hospital services is expected given the lock down measures implemented to halt transmission of COVID_19 that makes it difficult to access health facilities. The rise in the incidence of RTIs may probably be that, they were COVID cases that were undetected due to limited COVID_19 testing capacity.Conclusion: The study concludes that COVID_19 epidemic impacted negatively on all aspect of hospital services except RTIs. The increment is statistically significant. As the most prominent of all symptoms of COVID_19 presents as respiratory tract disorder, a continued rise in RTIs despite declining rates of confirmed COVID19 cases in the state at the moment suggests that, there’s an ongoing community transmission.
Bioactive Compounds and Diabetes Mellitus: Prospects and Future Challenges
Authors: Rahman Md. Mominur , Islam Md. Rezaul , Rabbi Fazle , Islam Mohammad Touhidul , Sultana Sharifa , Ahmed Muniruddin , Sehgal Aayush , Singh Sukhbir , Sharma Neelam , Behl Tapan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic condition that influences the endocrine framework. Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia are two of the most widely recognized metabolic irregularities in diabetes and two of the most well-known reasons for diabetic intricacies. Diabetes mellitus is a persistent illness brought about by metabolic irregularities in hyperglycemic pancreatic cells. Hyperglycemia can be brought about by an absence of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas (Type 1 diabetes mellitus) or inadequate insulin creation that does not work effectively (Type 2 diabetes mellitus). Present diabetes medication directs blood glucose levels in the systemic circulation to the typical levels. Numerous advanced prescription medicines have many negative results that can bring about unexpected severe issues during treatment of the bioactive compound from a different source that is beneficially affected by controlling and adjusting metabolic pathways or cycles. Moreover, a few new bioactive medications disengaged from plants have shown antidiabetic action with more noteworthy adequacy than the oral hypoglycemic agent that specialists have utilized in clinical treatment lately. Since bioactive mixtures are collected from familiar sources, they have a great activity in controlling diabetes mellitus. This study discusses bioactive compounds, their activity in managing diabetes mellitus, and their prospects. Though bioactive compounds have many health-beneficial properties, adequate clinical studies still need to acknowledge that they effectively manage diabetes mellitus.
The Effect of Ramosetron on Remifentanil in Preventing Emergence Cough from
Sevoflurane Anesthesia in Female Patients
Authors: Kim Ji Ho , Lee Ga Yun , Lee Hye Sun , Park Sung Yong 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Remifentanil reduces cough during extubation. Ramosetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist,
is a potent antiemetic. Regarding the antitussive property of 5-HT receptor agonists, ramosetron can mediate
the cough reflex by increasing the remifentanil requirement. This study evaluated the effect of ramosetron
on the optimal effect-site concentration (Ce) of remifentanil for preventing emergence cough from sevoflurane
anesthesia in female patients.

Methods:
Forty-seven randomly selected female patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy received
either ramosetron 0.3 mg (n = 23) or the same volume of normal saline (n = 24) intravenously at the end of surgery.
The remifentanil Ce using target-controlled infusion in 50% of patients (EC50) and 95% of patients (EC95)
were assessed using Dixon’s up-and-down or isotonic regression method with a bootstrapping approach.

Results:
Using Dixon’s up-and-down method, the EC50 of remifentanil in the control group (1.33 ± 0.38 ng/mL)
was comparable to that of ramosetron group (1.50 ± 0.69 ng/mL) (P = 0.615). Using isotonic regression analysis,
the EC50 (83% confidence interval) did not differ between the two groups (1.17 [0.86-1.43] ng/mL and 1.13
[0.68-1.56] ng/mL in control and ramosetron groups). However, the EC95 (95% confidence interval) was significantly
lower in the control group than in the ramosetron group (1.90 [1.45-1.96] ng/mL and 2.92 [2.35-2.97]
ng/mL).

Conclusion:
Remifentanil Ce for preventing emergence cough was higher in the ramosetron group than in the
control group. It may indicate the lowering effect of ramosetron on the antitussive activity of remifentanil.

Clinical Trial Registration No:
(KCT0005441).
Ang-1 Inhibited Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Apoptosis of VECs in
Rats with aSAH-induced CVS Through the Regulated PI3K/Akt Pathway
Authors: You Chao , Wei Pingbo , Han Yangyun , Chen Hao , Luo Le , Liu Gang , Lin Bing , Gong Hao 
Published: April 2022

Aims:
To explore angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) involved in cerebral vasospasm (CVS) after
aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) through its effect on endoplasmic reticulum stress
(ERS) and apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells (VECs).

Background:
CVS accounts for high morbidity and mortality of aSAH. Abnormal cellular physiological
processes of VECs play a critical role in aSAH-induced CVS. In addition, Ang-1 is involved
in regulating vascular structure and function.

Objective:
To study the role of Ang-1 played in CVS and the underlying mechanism.

Methods:
Blood samples of 130 aSAH patients were collected from 2016 to 2020 at West China
Hospital of Sichuan University. A two-hemorrhage rodent model was employed to structure an
aSAH-induced CVS rat model. Moreover, oxyHb was used to treat VECs to construct a CVS cell
model in vitro. ELISA was used to measure the level of Ang-1 and HE staining to assess the rat's
basilar arteries. Subsequently, CCK-8 was used to detect cell viability ability, and flow cytometry
was used to test the cell apoptosis rate. Western blotting was used to determine the expression level
of ERS marker and apoptosis-related proteins.

Results:
There was an abnormally low expression of Ang-1 in CVS patients and CVS rats; besides,
oxyHb treatment decreased Ang-1 in VECs in a concentration-dependent manner. Ang-1 treatment
led to the thinner basilar artery wall and lumen circumference in CVS rats; moreover, in oxyHbtreated
VECs, Ang-1 treatment inhibited ERS and apoptosis. In addition, the expression of p-PI3K
and p-Akt in the CVS group decreased, while the expression of p53 in the CVS group increased.
The expression of p-PI3K and p-Akt in 8 CVS rats negatively correlates with the expression of Ang-
1, but the correlation between p53 and Ang-1 was positive. Furthermore, the results suggested that
Ang-1 suppressed ERS and apoptosis of VECs through the regulated PI3K/Akt/p53 pathway.

Conclusion:
Elevated Ang-1 inhibited p53-mediated ERS and apoptosis of VECs through the activated
PI3K/Akt pathway; Ang-1 might be an attractive treatment strategy for CVS.
Lessening Organ Dysfunction With Vitamin C (LOVIT) Trial: Statistical Analysis Plan
Authors: Adhikari Neill KJ , Pinto Ruxandra , Day Andrew G , Masse Marie-Hélène , Ménard Julie , Sprague Sheila , Annane Djillali , Arabi Yaseen M , Battista Marie-Claude , Cohen Dian , Cook Deborah J , Guyatt Gordon H , Heyland Daren K , Kanji Salmaan , McGuinness Shay P , Parke Rachael L , Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan Bharath Kumar , Charbonney Emmanuel , Chassé Michaël , Del Sorbo Lorenzo , Kutsogiannis Demetrios James , Lauzier François , Leblanc Rémi , Maslove David M , Mehta Sangeeta , Mekontso Dessap Armand , Mele Tina S , Rochwerg Bram , Rewa Oleksa G , Shahin Jason , Twardowski Pawel , Young Paul Jeffrey , Lamontagne François ,   LOVIT Investigators
Published: April 2022

Background
The LOVIT (Lessening Organ Dysfunction with Vitamin C) trial is a blinded multicenter randomized clinical trial comparing high-dose intravenous vitamin C to placebo in patients admitted to the intensive care unit with proven or suspected infection as the main diagnosis and receiving a vasopressor.

Objective
We aim to describe a prespecified statistical analysis plan (SAP) for the LOVIT trial prior to unblinding and locking of the trial database.

Methods
The SAP was designed by the LOVIT principal investigators and statisticians, and approved by the steering committee and coinvestigators. The SAP defines the primary and secondary outcomes, and describes the planned primary, secondary, and subgroup analyses.

Results
The SAP includes a draft participant flow diagram, tables, and planned figures. The primary outcome is a composite of mortality and persistent organ dysfunction (receipt of mechanical ventilation, vasopressors, or new renal replacement therapy) at 28 days, where day 1 is the day of randomization. All analyses will use a frequentist statistical framework. The analysis of the primary outcome will estimate the risk ratio and 95% CI in a generalized linear mixed model with binomial distribution and log link, with site as a random effect. We will perform a secondary analysis adjusting for prespecified baseline clinical variables. Subgroup analyses will include age, sex, frailty, severity of illness, Sepsis-3 definition of septic shock, baseline ascorbic acid level, and COVID-19 status.

Conclusions
We have developed an SAP for the LOVIT trial and will adhere to it in the analysis phase.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/36261
Fruit Quality Evaluation in The Maturation Process of Blueberries Using Image Processing
Authors: Zahra Aryanis Mutia , Chosa Tadashi , Tojo Seishu 
Published: April 2022

Blueberries' quality does not change uniformly during ripeness. Blueberries should be harvested fully ripened at the post-climacteric stage with an excellent indicator including consistent color, taste, and ease of removal from plant as excellent indicators. Therefore, the blueberries are not harvested until it has the desired blue color. The reliance on human perception on the fruit's taste and appearance might cause inconsistency and inaccurate judgment of the fruit maturation. This study aimed to develop an image processing algorithm capable of classifying blueberry maturity stages. The Bluecrop Northern highbush blueberry was harvested at five different stages of maturity based on visual grading of the fruit color (green, green-red, red, red-blue, and blue) from various fruit positions on the tree. Image processing with discriminant analysis accurately classified maturity stages at 98.3% accuracy. The image quality attributes of blueberries changed significantly at different maturity stages. Overall, most image quality attributes correlated strongly with well-performed blueberry physicochemical properties. This study showed that image processing during the blueberry maturation process could be a reliable and comprehensible method for estimating changes in color, shape, weight, and ultimately changes in specific physicochemical properties. This study also provided a practical evaluation of the maturity stages and physicochemical properties, which were predicted using image processing.
THE ROLE OF THE SHIA SECT IN ISLAMIC LAW: DOES IT MAKE SENSE?
Authors: Hasan Sulaiman Badri 
Published: April 2022

Shia sect was born due to political factors that later developed into Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence). The different perspectives on the Caliph of Ali ibn Abi Talib's position have led to several sectarianisms in Shia, from ordinary to extreme views, claiming that angel Gabriel sent wrong revelations to Muhammad instead of Ali ibn Abi Talib. Thus, not all of the Sects of Shia are misleading. The Shia’s teachings are contrary to the Aqeedah (creed) and thus should be watched to avoid the negative consequences. This article explores the Islamic law thought from the perception of Shia sects to get a clear point of view and prevent the misunderstanding of Shia sects in the Islamic society.
Abstrak: Pada mulanya mazhab Syi'ah lahir karena faktor-faktor politis yang kemudian berkembang menjadi mazhab fiqh. Timbulnya berbagai macam aliran dalam mazhab Syiah dikarenakan perbedaan cara pandang terhadap kedudukan 'Ali. Dari pandangan biasa sampai pandangan yang sangat ekstrim hingga berpendapat bahwa Jibril salah menurunkan wahyu. Tidak semua mazhab Syi'ah menyimpang dari aqidah tetapi ada juga yang sesuai. Multitafsir ini harus dihargai sebagai suatu rahmah karena perbedaan yang membuat Islam menjadi besar. Untuk Syiah yang bertentangan dengan aqidah Islam selayaknya harus diwaspadai aqidahnya, untuk menghidari akibat negatif yang ditimbulkannya, karena hal ini akan berakibat negatif bagi masyarakat awam yang belum memahami Islam sepenuhnya.
Kata Kunci: Mazhab, Syiah, Aliran Sesat
The Effect of Supervisors’ Prior Task Performance on Employees’ Targets
Authors: Feichter Christoph 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
In three experiments, I investigate how supervisors’ task performance in lower-level jobs prior to being promoted to the supervisory level influences the targets they set for employees. I propose that supervisors show an “experience bias” by which they overemphasize their own experiences when setting targets for employees. As such, supervisors who achieved high performance before being promoted set higher targets than low-performing supervisors, despite having the same information about the employee’s potential. In line with my prediction, I find that supervisors exhibit this bias if they have worked on the employees’ task but that this bias is absent when they previously did a different task. I also show that this bias comes from a limited awareness that own experiences are not generalizable and it likely prevails in many managerial situations. The biased targets also lead to negative employee reactions. This study contributes to the understanding of supervisor target setting.
Ambiguous Sticks and Carrots: The Effect of Contract Framing and Payoff Ambiguity on Employee Effort
Authors: Burke Joseph , Towry Kristy L. , Young Donald , Zureich Jacob 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Research suggests that employees work harder under penalty contracts than under economically equivalent bonus contracts. We build on this literature by examining how the motivational advantage of penalty contracts depends on a common aspect of real-world contracts: payoff ambiguity. With payoff ambiguity, employees provide effort without knowing how much pay they will receive for a given level of performance. According to our theory, this ambiguity opens the door for employee optimism, which has contrasting effects under each contract frame. Results from an experiment support this theory, with an increase in ambiguity leading to less employee effort with penalty contracts (as employees optimistically expect small penalties) and more effort with bonus contracts (as employees optimistically expect large bonuses). We also find that these effects are stronger for more dispositionally optimistic employees. Overall, our results suggest that bonus contracts may be more motivating and penalty contracts less motivating than previously thought.