bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CHARACTERISTIC OF MAMMOGRAPHY COMPARED WITH HISTOPATHOLOGY RESULT AT RSUP DR. KARIADI
Authors: Sari Molly Inta , Kuntjoro RR Lydia Purna Widyastuti Setjadiningrat , Wikanta Edmond Rukmana , Imawati Sukma 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground: Breast tumors are common lesions found in women.[1] Mammography is Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) approved modality for screening and diagnosing breast tumor.[2,3] Aim: To know the characteristic and comparison of mammography results with histopathology diagnosis as the gold standard in breast tumor patients at RSUP Dr. Kariadi. Methods: This research used the diagnostic test method. Data were taken from medical records in RSUP Dr. Kariadi, Semarang from 2017 to 2019 with sa consecutive sampling method. The collected samples were 55 mammography imaging. Next, the data were described as frequency distribution and percentages, and then the diagnostic test values were counted. Result: Benign breast tumor in RSUP Dr. Kariadi was found in 40-50 years old patients with 77,8% oval-shaped and 72,2% circumscribed margin mass seen in the mammogram, while breast cancer was found in >50 years old patients with 57,1% irregular-shaped and 54,3 spiculated margin mass seen in the mammogram. Mammography in RSUP Dr. Kariadi has 89% sensitivity, 89% specificity, 94% positive predictive value, 81% negative predictive value, and 89% accuracy. Conclusion: Benign breast tumor in RSUP Dr. Kariadi mostly found in 40-50 years old patients with oval-shaped and circumscribed margin mass seen in the mammogram, while breast cancer is mostly found in >50 years old patient with irregular shape and spiculated margin mass seen in the mammogram. The diagnostic test score of mammography in RSUP Dr. Kariadi is high.
THE INCIDENCE OF RADIATION PNEUMONITIS IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS WHO RECEIVED RADIOTHERAPY USING 3-DIMENSIONAL TECHNIQUES
Authors: Lutfiarahma Salsabila , Prajoko Yan Wisnu , Ningrum Farah Hendara , Nawangsih Prihharsanti Christina Hari 
Published: July 2022

Background: According to the 2018 Global Cancer Observatory from the World Health Organization (WHO), breast cancer is the most common cancer in Indonesia. 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) is one of the breast cancer treatment planning. Effect of radiation on the lungs can cause radiation pneumonitis. The incidence rate of pneumonitis in breast cancer patients who received radiotherapy using 3D-CRT techniques from several researchers is still varied and there is no accurate data yet at RSUP Dr. Kariadi.Objective: To determine the incidence of pneumonitis in breast cancer patients undergoing breast cancer 3D-CRT.Methods: The research design used in this study was cross sectional. The subject is chosen by consecutive sampling methods. The independent variables of this study was 3D breast cancer radiation therapy, while the dependent variable was radiation pneumonitis. This hypothesis test on this study is analyzed with chi-square test.Results: Forty one subjects were included in this study, two subjects were found with a picture of pneumonitis on chest radiographs. The incidence of radiation pneumonitis in breast cancer patients who received radiotherapy using 3-dimensional techniques was 4.9%. There is no significant relationship between breast cancer radiation therapy 3-dimensional techniques on the incidence of pneumonitis. And there was no significant difference in the proportion of pneumonitis in patients with breast cancer locations on the right and left sides.Conclusion: The incidence of radiation pneumonitis in breast cancer patients who received radiotherapy using a 3-dimensional technique is 4.9%. Keywords: 3 Dimensional Technique Radiotherapy, Breast Cancer, Radiation Pneumonitis
One-phase Transesterification of Palm Oil in to Biodiesel with Co-solvent Methyl Esters: The Effect of Adding Co-solvent to Kinetic Energy and Dipole Moment
Authors: Daryono Elvianto , Mustiadi Lalu 
Published: July 2022

In the transesterification process, the problem is the low solubility of oil in methanol, so the reaction will run slowly. The solution to this problem is to add a co-solvent to increase the solubility so that a one-phase reaction will be formed. The co-solvent methyl ester is the right choice because it is a product of the reaction itself so that it does not require a separation process. The operating conditions of the study were mass of palm oil 250 g, mass of NaOH catalyst 0.8%wt, stirring speed 100 rpm, reaction temperature 60oC, the molar ratio of oil:methanol = 1:6, reaction time (5,10,15,20,25,30 minutes), and the mass of co-solvent (0,5,10,15%wt). The first stage of the research was to make co-solvent, then proceed with the transesterification reaction by adding co-solvent which was carried out according to the research operating conditions. The optimum condition of the study was obtained at reaction time 30 minutes and the addition of co-solvent 5%, with yield 97.4171%. The density of FAME 0.88 g/mL and the concentration of FAME 99.963% which complied with SNI 7185-2015. The simulation results of ChemDraw for components of triglyceride+methanol+NaOH+co-solvent obtained kinetic energy 3479.0264 kJ/mol and dipole moment 43279.8007 debyes.
Success factors for English as a second language university students’ attainment in academic English language proficiency: exploring the roles of secondary school medium-of-instruction, motivation and language learning strategies
Authors: Tai Kevin W. H. , Zhao Yiran Vicky 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Displaying a strong competence in English as a second language (L2) is a major advantage for university graduates in personal development and career advancement. There are limited studies that have explored how the implementation of English-Medium-Instruction (EMI) in non-Anglophone universities can affect students’ academic English proficiency. This mixed-method study explores how both the learners’ variables (motivation and L2 learning strategies) and the medium-of-instruction policy implemented at secondary and university settings can contribute to students’ success in academic English learning at a bilingual university in Hong Kong. The findings of a large-scale questionnaire reveal that the effect of medium-of-instruction in students’ secondary school education is not a significant predictor of students’ academic English language proficiency at university. The findings suggest that university students who previously attended secondary schools which adopt medium-of-instruction other than English tend not to be disadvantaged in improving their academic English proficiency. Institutional factor (i.e. provision of EMI lectures at university) and learners’ variables, including students’ L2 strategy use and motivation, are statistically significant predictors of the student’s English language proficiency. The implications for higher education policy in Hong Kong and worldwide will be discussed.
Sprachlichkeit und Gottesbewusstsein
Authors: Moxter Michael 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Sprache ist mehr als bloß ein Instrument der Kommunikation oder ein Transportmittel für Informationen. Sprache ist das grundlegende Medium des Denkens und des humanen Zugangs zur Welt. Auch der Gottesgedanke ist sprachlich vermittelt. Der Aufsatz entfaltet diese Auffassung in Auseinandersetzung mit der Sprechakttheorie, mit Humboldts und Schleiermachers Begriff der Artikulation, Pannenbergs Anthropologie der Sprachlichkeit und mit kurzem Blick auf Luhmann und Habermas.
Neurowissenschaftliche Grundlagen des Spracherwerbs
Authors: Schaadt Gesa 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Eine der wichtigsten Entwicklungsaufgaben von Kindern ist der Erwerb von Sprache. Da wir unsere Sprachfähigkeiten unserem Gehirn verdanken, soll in diesem Beitrag die Entwicklung der neurokognitiven Grundlagen von Sprachfähigkeiten thematisiert werden. Nachdem soziale und genetische Einflussfaktoren genannt werden, werden Methoden vorgestellt, die es uns erlauben die Sprachentwicklung bereits bei Säuglingen zu untersuchen. Auf dieser Grundlage wird dann der Zusammenhang zwischen der Entwicklung sprachrelevanter neurokognitiver Grundlagen und der Entwicklung von Sprachfähigkeiten näher beleuchtet.
Sprache, Sprechen, Schweigen im Alten Testament
Authors: Wagner Andreas 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Das Alte Testament ist ein sprachlich verfasstes und ein als geschriebener Text überliefertes Zeugnis des Glaubens aus alttestamentlicher Zeit. Es traut der Sprache als »Gefäß« der Weitergabe die Übermittlung seiner erfahrenen Inhalte zu. Darin drückt sich eine ungemeine Hochschätzung der Sprache aus. In den alttestamentlichen Texten selbst ist die Reflexion auf »Sprache« selten explizit ausgeformt. Vor allem treten hier Texte aus dem Pentateuch (Gen 2,4b ff.; 11,1–9) und der Weisheit hervor. In der Prophetie steht die Sprache und das Wort Gottes im Vordergrund. Von diesen Partien ausgehend wird hier nach der Rolle der Sprache für den Menschen und für Gott gefragt (homo loquens, deus loquens), nach dem Unterschied göttlichen und menschlichen Sprechens, nach dem Verhältnis und den Möglichkeiten von Sprechen und Schweigen. Am Ende ist der Zusammenhang von Sprachfähigkeit und Anthropologie zu erörtern, in dessen Horizont die Fragen von Spracherwerb und Sprachverlust liegen.
Geheimnisvolle Gefolgschaft
Authors: Lehnert Christian 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Einen kriegsversehrten Greisen und Ludwig Wittgenstein, Engel und Numina, den im Lager verhungernden Ossip Mandelstamm und den Görlitzer Schustermystiker Jakob Böhme holt sich der Autor als Zeugen an die Seite, um die Grenzen der Sprache zu erkunden und die Möglichkeiten von Poesie, diese Grenzen zu weiten. Poesie und Religion berühren sich in einem suchenden Sprechen, das noch nicht hat, was es sagt, und damit eine Erkenntnisweise verwirklicht, die sich als schöpferisches Vermögen der Sprache zeigt. In rhythmischem Sprechen, in Metaphorik, in Bildneuheiten und in einem alles grundierenden Schweigen weist sie hinaus ins Offene, wo die Worte noch fehlen.
Wer erhört wen oder was?
Authors: Ostmeyer Karl-Heinrich 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung

Vorgegebene Gebete
Unter vorgegebenen Gebeten werden Gebete verstanden, die von den Betenden nicht selbst formuliert sind, sondern, die ihnen durch eine äußere Instanz (auf-)gegeben sind (z. B. durch Jesus in Mt 6,9 und Lk 11,2) oder die sie in der Tradition (z. B. den Psalmen) vorfinden.
wirken als ein die Betenden formendes Sprachereignis. In der Anrufung Gottes als Vater konstituiert sich ein Kindschaftsverhältnis zum ewigen Gott. Die Betenden werden selbst zum Inhalt ihres Betens: Als Gläubige haben sie Anteil am Reich Gottes, um dessen Kommen sie bitten (Mt 6,10 a); in der Akzeptanz des Geschehenden als Gottes Willen erfüllen sie ihr eigenes Gebet (V. 10 b). Ergebnis solchen Betens ist keine Änderung der Pläne Gottes, sondern der Betenden selbst.
Zur sprachlichen Konstruktion religiös begründeter Machtasymmetrien
Authors: Lobenstein-Reichmann Anja 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Von der religiösen Sinnstiftung und der Zivilisierung des Menschen hin zum Guten über eine gewaltsame Durchsetzung der eigenen Religion hin zu einer nur noch rhetorischen Indienstnahme religiösen Sprechens zur Legitimierung von Gewalt sind es oft nur wenige Schritte. Dieser Beitrag soll ein Versuch sein, die »Artikulationskraft religiöser Sprache« (Habermas) zu beschreiben und ihr Potential zur Ermächtigung bzw. zur Entmächtigung auszuleuchten.
“It Was Like Listening to Someone Laughing Their Way Toward Death”: Black Noise, Vocal Experiments, and Sonic Silence in Chester Himes’s The Heat’s On
Authors: Mozes Dorottya 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The article draws together sound studies and Black studies to examine Himes’s sonic inventions and interventions for imagining the persistence of Black life under conditions of extreme domination. Taking up Sharpe’s call for recognizing “insistent Black visualsonic resistance to that imposition of non/being,” it finds that Himes’s soundscapes in The Heat’s On offer alternatives to how western sound studies theoreticians think about the relationship between sound, white supremacy, and the environment (21). The article contributes to research on the sonic modalities of resistance and domination as well as ongoing discussions about the importance of listening, specifically, the ways in which listening fosters alternative forms of relationality and spatiality. As far as the sonic subversions and experiments of Harlemites, “Black noise” emerges as something that bypasses attempts at capture, including dominant cultural norms, strategies of silencing, and raciolinguistic attitudes toward vernacular forms of Black English. Finally, the article emphasizes the link between what it terms sonic silence, embodied practices of listening and breathing where keeping breath in the Black body can be seen as a prerequisite to interconnected forms of consciousness and being.
Assessment of the bender element sensors to measure seismic wave velocity of soils in the physical model
Authors: Alshameri Badee 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In recent decades, the bender element (BE) test has been used to estimate the seismic wave velocity in the laboratory due to several advantages; simplicity, versatility, fastness, inexpensiveness, and non-destructive nature. However, even with the advanced usage of BE in the laboratory, there has been little effort to use the BE in the field. In this article, the BE was used on a physical model at a multilayer mixture soils system and using different methods, patterns, and wave path lengths to evaluate the BE technique in the simulated field. The results indicated that the cross-hole pattern was the most suitable pattern to implement the BE test on the simulated field. BE results were highly influenced by the boundary condition when the distance between the sensor and hard boundary is less than 0.3 of the wave path length. BE sensors were able to detect seismic wave velocity at a ratio of the wave path length to sensor length up to 200 times.
Effectiveness of different accelerated green synthesis methods in zinc oxide nanoparticles using red pepper extract: Synthesis and characterization
Authors: Eslami Hadi , Jafarizadeh-Malmiri Hoda , Khonakdar Hosein Ali 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Potential ability of red pepper extract in zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) fabrication via three accelerated heating techniques, namely, conventional heating with stirring (at 100°C and 700 rpm, for 30 min), autoclave (at 15 psi and 121°C, for 15 min), and microwave irradiation (power of 800 W for 3 min) was assessed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography mass spectroscopy indicated that the prepared extract contained 20 active compounds including alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, and organic acids with several functional groups such as hydroxyls. Results indicated that ZnO NPs with spherical and hexagonal structures have been formed using three different heating methods, and the minimum crystal size for the fabricated ZnO NPs was 88.44 nm, which was attained using heating by autoclave. Antioxidant activity of the synthesized ZnO NPs was determined using the red pepper extract, and accuracy of this method was 80.21%. Finally, results indicated that the formed ZnO NPs had high antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis and high antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus.
A numerical study on the effects of bowl and nozzle geometry on performances of an engine fueled with diesel or bio-diesel fuels
Authors: Leng Xianyin , Huang Haiqi , He Zhixia , Wang Qian , Long Wuqiang , Dong Dongsheng 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
One of the most important trends for advanced diesel engines is downsizing, i.e., higher power density, which means more fuel is burned in a shorter period. In order to achieve rapid combustion for a high-power density diesel engine, the effects of bowl shape, diameter-to-depth ratio of bowl, and arrangement of nozzle holes on combustion and performance were investigated by CFD simulation. The effects of four bowl shapes, two of which were double-layer split bowls (DLSBs), as well as four diameter-to-depth ratios and three arrangements of nozzle holes were numerically assessed. The results show that the DLSB with a shallow dish-like structure yielded a remarkable effect of swirling flow by fuel splitting into upper- and lower-layer zones, which improved fuel–air mixing, shortened combustion duration, thus, resulting in high combustion efficiency and power density. Moreover, with the increase in diameter-to-depth ratio of the B type DLSB, the turbulent kinetic energy and the peak of pressure and heat release rate increased, further increasing power density. Finally, when the DLSB with a diameter-to-depth ratio of 2.0 is coupled with the staggered double-layer arrangement of nozzle holes, the in-cylinder mixtures became more uniform at both the circumferential and radial directions, and the combustion was considerably accelerated, achieving an optimum specific power of 122.6 kW·L−1. Meanwhile, there was a slight decrement for peak pressure and NOx emission, and smoke decreased by 49.1%, which revealed substantial improvement in reduction in mechanical load and emissions.
Constructing a Theoretical System for the “Chinese School of New Animation”
Authors: Pan Jian 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Chinese animation has always emphasized practice over theory. Due to its lack of a corresponding theoretical system, Chinese animation’s creative and industrial practices have suffered great setbacks. The once famous “School of Chinese Animation” unexpectedly declined with the rise of the wider animation industry. At the same time, the emerging animation industry is now facing similar problems. Therefore, it is imperative to construct a theoretical system for the “Chinese School of New Animation”. To achieve this goal, the school should be studied from the perspective of social context, realistic demands, historical experience, and its main content. Its theoretical construction should emphasize three primary aspects: artistic ontology, industrial mechanisms, and cultural diffusion.
Effect of the covariance matrix type on the CPT based soil stratification utilizing the Gaussian mixture model
Authors: Thajeel Jawad K. , Adel Raghad , Ali Haneen Muhammed , Shakir Ressol R. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The identification and stratification of soils represent an essential step in designing various geotechnical structures. The cone penetration test (CPT) measurements are used widely to classify the soil; however, the soil classification charts such as the Robertson chart undergo uncertainty from different sources that make overlapping of soil types. This article aims to develop a probabilistic approach employing clustering with Gaussian mixture model, which can deal with the uncertainty and classify the soil based on CPT. The spatial parameters were obtained assuming the different types of covariance matrices. The data utilized in this study represent the results of CPT in four locations in Nasiriyah, Iraq. Both spatial and feature patterns were produced and used to classify the soil. This research revealed that the soils deduced from the Robertson chart were clay, silt, and sand. No gravelly sand appeared on the chart. The soil at shallow depth was clay soils, and it changed to be sandy silt at fairly great depth. They were close to the boundary curve between the stiff clay and sand zones and relatively existed at great depth. The probabilistic approach can detect the soil layers fast without experience-based decisions. Moreover, the type of assumed covariance matrix may affect the soil profile.
Determination of heat flux leading to the onset of flow instability in MTR reactors
Authors: El-Morshedy Salah El-Din 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The prediction of heat flux leading to the Onset of Flow Instability (OFI) phenomena is an important consideration in the design of Material Testing Reactors (MTR) due to the possibility of flow excursion during postulated accident. From the thermal-hydraulic point of view, OFI is the critical phenomenon limiting MTR reactor power. In a previous work, an empirical correlation is developed to predict the subcooling at OFI in narrow vertical rectangular channels simulating a coolant channel of MTR. In the present work, an innovative model to determine the heat flux leading to OFI in MTR reactors is introduced based on the previous correlation. The developed model gives a very low deviation of only 1.65% from the experimental data of Whittle & Forgan that covers a wide range of MTR operating conditions. The heat flux leading to OFI is also predicted by both Whittle & Forgan and Fabrega correlations for comparison. The present model is then applied on the IAEA 10 MW MTR generic reactor to predict the Best-Estimate (BE) and Best-Estimate-Plus-Uncertainty (BEPU) Onset of Flow Instability Ratio (OFIR) and the power leading to OFI as well as the bubble detachment parameter under different coolant velocities and inlet temperatures. The model is also used to predict both the OFIR and bubble detachment parameter in the reactor under unprotected Loss-of-Flow transient for exponential flow decay with a time constant of 1.0 s (fast LOFA), 10, 15 and 25 s (slow LOFA) from a power level of 10 MW. For BEPU calculation, a combined statistical method with direct propagation of errors is adapted to treat the uncertainty factors for fuel fabrication and measured parameters in the BEPU calculation. The model results is analyzed and discussed.
Generalized metric for broadband flat lens performance comparison
Authors: Engelberg Jacob , Levy Uriel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA plethora of metalenses and diffractive lenses (“flat lenses”) have been demonstrated over the years. Recently, attempts have been made to stretch their performance envelope, particularly in the direction of wide-band achromatic performance. While achromatic behavior has been demonstrated, showing an actual improvement in imaging performance relative to conventional (non-chromatically corrected) flat lenses has remained a major challenge. The reasons for this are use of inappropriate performance metrics, lack of comparison to a baseline conventional design, and lack of a performance metric that combines signal-to-noise ratio and resolution. An additional problem is that different published flat lens designs use different first order parameters, so they cannot be compared. In this work we present an overall performance metric that will allow comparison of different types of flat lenses, even if their first order optical parameters are not the same. We apply this metric to several published achromatic flat lens designs and compare them to the equivalent conventional flat lens, which we consider as the lower bound for achromatic flat lens performance. We found that the performance of the achromatic flat lenses studied does not surpass that of a conventional diffractive lens. Use of this metric paves the way for future developments in the field of achromatic flat lenses, which will display proven progress.