bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
XPS Examination of the Chemical Composition of PEGMUA‐Coated Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Hepperle Philine , Herman Alexander , Khanbabaee Behnam , Baek Woon Yong , Nettelbeck Heidi , Rabus Hans 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA surface chemical analysis of 12 nm diameter gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐11‐mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) is performed by means of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). For this purpose, the PEGMUA‐coated AuNPs are deposited using two different deposition techniques, drop‐casting or spin‐coating, on a thin‐film carbon substrate. The measurements show that AuNPs are present in the +I oxidation state due to the synthesis process of the coated AuNPs, and in the Au(0) oxidation state. Carbon and oxygen contaminations are detected on both the coating surface and carbon substrate. While sputtering of the sample with argon enables the removal of carbon and oxygen contaminations, it also removes part of the coating on the sample surface. The two deposition methods, however, do not cause any chemical structural changes to the nanoparticles.
Theoretical investigation on two‐dimensional monofluorinated phenylethylammonium perovskite
Authors: Sui Guomin , Yang Guang , Zhang Bao , Feng Yaqing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMore and more two‐dimensional (2D) perovskites are synthesized and used in solar cells. Theoretical investigations on their structural and electronic properties can explore the origin of crystal structural and optoelectronic differences caused by organic spacers. Here, formation energy, non‐covalent interaction, band structure, exciton binding energy, carrier mobility, and optical absorption spectra of 2D monofluorinated phenylethylammonium lead iodide perovskite were calculated using density functional theory. Results show that steric effect leads to the orientational disorder of spacers in ortho‐fluorinating phenylethylammonium perovskite, which further lead to a poor photovoltaic performance and weak interaction leads to the herringbone configuration of spacers in meta‐fluorinating phenylethylammonium perovskite. Exciton binding energy significantly influences the short circuit current density (JSC) which can well explain the experimental trends of JSC. This research shows that para‐fluorinating is the best choice and the important of weak interactions and inductive effect, providing a guideline for new spacer designing.
A cable driven robotic palpation system with contact force sensing based on cable tension observation
Authors: Francis Chikweto , Sato Taiga , Okuyama Takeshi , Tanaka Mami 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundProstate Cancer screening based on manual palpation is subjective. Robotic palpation systems can objectively acquire stiffness conditions of the prostate.MethodsA 2DoF cable driven robotic system for prostate palpation is proposed. An indirect method to estimate the contact force based on cable tension observation is presented. Kinematic models and a joint angle estimation method to determine the tip position of the probe are derived. Positioning accuracy was verified using an optical marker tracking system and by displacement measurement, respectively. The contact force estimation method was validated on silicone phantom samples.ResultsA good consistence between the estimated and measured contact force was observed. The contact force was correlated with the elastic modulus of each silicone phantom. There was also a good agreement between the theoretical and the measured tip position.ConclusionIn the proposed palpation system, the indirect contact force estimation method is viable and holds potential for the stiffness assessment of the prostate. The tip position vital for palpation can be determined through estimated joint angles.
Indirect Immunofluorescence on Rat Bladder Epithelium in Patients with Pemphigus Vulgaris with an Extended Follow-Up
Authors: Samadi Mahsa , Najafi Anahita , Naziriyan Amir , Toosi Roja , Faramarzi Atefeh , Balighi Kamran , Noormohammadpour Pedram , Mahmoudi Hamidreza , Daneshpazhooh Maryam 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) on rat bladder epithelium (RBE) has been widely used to detect anti-plakin antibodies present in paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP). However, anti-plakin antibodies have also been found in a group of patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV).

Objectives
To assess the reactivity rate of PV sera in IIF using RBE as substrate and the diagnostic usefulness of the aforementioned test.

Methods
Patients diagnosed with PV presenting to Razi Hospital, Tehran, Iran, were recruited. The patients' demographics, disease severity, and response to the initial treatment were recorded. Sera were collected and tested by IIF on RBE and by desmoglein 3/1 (Dsg 3/1) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Patients were followed up closely for a mean of 53.9 months for any evidence of malignancy.

Results
Forty-six patients were enroled (mean age of 42.9 years old, 31 females). Nine sera (19.6%) showed reactivity in IIF on RBE. Mean serum anti-Dsg levels did not differ significantly among the two groups with positive and negative IIF results. Negative anti-Dsg3 was related to a higher positive rate in IIF on RBE. There was no significant correlation between the reactivity of IIF on RBE and patients' demographic, clinical, or serological characteristics.

Conclusions
IIF on RBE is a sensitive test for detecting antibodies against plakins. However, it has a relatively high false-positive rate in PV, probably due to the epitope spreading phenomenon. This test should be suggested when there is a clinical or immunohistopathological suspicion of PNP and should be interpreted with caution.
An Improved Synthesis of 1λ6,2,4,6‐Thiatriazine‐1,3,5‐trione Derivatives – the Sulfonimidamide‐featured Triazinones
Authors: Chen Yantao , Kollback Johanna , Aurell Carl‐Johan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractN,N’‐dicarbamoylation of 4‐methylbenzenesulfon‐imidamide with carbonyldiimidazole, followed by a mono‐nucleophilic substitution with amines and subsequential ring closure in one‐pot, afforded 1λ6,2,4,6‐thiatriazine‐1,3,5‐trione derivatives in up to 83 % yields. The protocol also works well for aliphatic sulfonimidamides, such as methyl sulfonimidamide. The mechanism of formation of both desired and unexpected products is discussed.
Hybrid Molecules of Hydroxycinnamic and Hydroxybenzoic Acids as Antioxidant and Potential Drug: A DFT Study
Authors: Khargharia Sangeeta , Rohman Rakiba , Kar Rahul 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDue to the disruption of homeostasis, the amount of free radicals produced may increase during metabolic processes leading to oxidative stress and may cause numerous diseases. Antioxidant prevents oxidative stress. Here, we have designed twenty hybrid antioxidant molecules which are also potential drugs. These molecules are mainly hybrids of hydroxybenzoic acids and hydroxycinnamic acids. At first, we have carried out a conformational analysis to find out the most stable structure of the molecules. Conformational studies are performed with the MP2 method. Thereafter, the physicochemical parameters are calculated, showing that these molecules are probable antioxidants. Further, we have investigated the free radical scavenging capacity of these molecules for inactivating eight prototype oxyradicals. The scavenging capacity was estimated by considering Gibbs free energy for the three mechanisms, viz. HAT, SPLET, and SET‐PT. Our study on mechanisms shows that for these molecules HAT and SPLET are favorable in the gas phase, while in solvent medium HAT and SET‐PT are competitive. An empirical rule for combining such hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids is proposed. In addition, the druglikeness of the molecules is calculated using Lipinski's rule of five. The advantage of our set of designed hybrid molecules is that they show antioxidant behavior with pharmacophoric characteristics. Thus, the set of promising antioxidants with drug‐like properties could create new prospects in drug discovery.
Elucidation of Structure–Activity Relations in Proton Electroreduction at Pd Surfaces: Theoretical and Experimental Study
Authors: Schmidt Thorsten O. , Ngoipala Apinya , Arevalo Ryan L. , Watzele Sebastian A. , Lipin Raju , Kluge Regina M. , Hou Shujin , Haid Richard W. , Senyshyn Anatoliy , Gubanova Elena L. , Bandarenka Aliaksandr S. , Vandichel Matthias 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe structure–activity relationship is a cornerstone topic in catalysis, which lays the foundation for the design and functionalization of catalytic materials. Of particular interest is the catalysis of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by palladium (Pd), which is envisioned to play a major role in realizing a hydrogen‐based economy. Interestingly, experimentalists observed excess heat generation in such systems, which became known as the debated “cold fusion” phenomenon. Despite the considerable attention on this report, more fundamental knowledge, such as the impact of the formation of bulk Pd hydrides on the nature of active sites and the HER activity, remains largely unexplored. In this work, classical electrochemical experiments performed on model Pd(hkl) surfaces, “noise” electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (n‐EC‐STM), and density functional theory are combined to elucidate the nature of active sites for the HER. Results reveal an activity trend following Pd(111) > Pd(110) > Pd(100) and that the formation of subsurface hydride layers causes morphological changes and strain, which affect the HER activity and the nature of active sites. These findings provide significant insights into the role of subsurface hydride formation on the structure–activity relations toward the design of efficient Pd‐based nanocatalysts for the HER.
On the design of an advanced business rule engine
Authors: Jiménez Patricia , Corchuelo Rafael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBusiness rules govern how well‐managed companies perform every day. They are expected to be written in natural language because they are devised by business people. That makes it difficult to translate them automatically into executable rules that can be integrated into typical information systems. Our industrial and academic research concludes that the current tools have a number of problems, namely: many of them do not pay any attention to the SBVR standard; some of them are not multi‐language; most of them cannot achieve perfect parsing accuracy; some of them are not domain agnostic; some of them use proprietary technologies; some of them do not produce executable rules; and none supports exploratory what‐if analyses natively. In this article, we present Tier‐Rules, which is a system that overcomes the previous problems. We also report on an industrial case study that helps illustrate it in practice.
Utility of trio‐based prenatal exome sequencing incorporating splice‐site and mitochondrial genome assessment in pregnancies with fetal ultrasound anomalies: prospective cohort study
Authors: Zhu X. , Gao Z. , Wang Y. , Huang W. , Li Q. , Jiao Z. , Liu N. , Kong X. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the utility of trio‐based prenatal exome sequencing (pES), incorporating splice‐site and mitochondrial genome assessment, in the prenatal diagnosis of fetuses with ultrasound anomalies and normal copy‐number variant sequencing (CNV‐seq) results.MethodsThis was a prospective study of 90 ongoing pregnancies with ultrasound anomalies that underwent trio‐based pES after receiving normal CNV‐seq results, from September 2020 to November 2021, in a single center in China. By using pES with a panel encompassing exome coding and splicing regions as well as mitochondrial genome for fetuses and parents, we identified the underlying genetic causes of fetal anomalies, incidental fetal findings and parental carrier status. Information on pregnancy outcome and the impact of pES findings on parental decision‐making was collected.ResultsOf the 90 pregnancies included, 28 (31.1%) received a diagnostic result that could explain the fetal ultrasound anomalies. The highest diagnostic yield was noted for brain abnormalities (3/6 (50.0%)), followed by hydrops (4/9 (44.4%)) and skeletal abnormalities (13/34 (38.2%)). Collectively, 34 variants of 20 genes were detected in the 28 diagnosed cases, with 55.9% (19/34) occurring de novo. Variants of uncertain significance (VUS) associated with fetal phenotypes were detected in six (6.7%) fetuses. Interestingly, fetal (n = 4) and parental (n = 3) incidental findings (IFs) were detected in seven (7.8%) cases. These included two fetuses carrying a de‐novo likely pathogenic (LP) variant of the CIC and FBXO11 genes, respectively, associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, and one fetus with a LP variant in a mitochondrial gene. The remaining fetus presented with unilateral renal dysplasia and was incidentally found to carry a pathogenic PKD1 gene variant resulting in adult‐onset polycystic kidney, which was later confirmed to be inherited from the mother. In addition, parental heterozygous variants associated with autosomal recessive diseases were detected in three families, including one with additional fetal diagnostic findings. Diagnostic results or fetal IFs contributed to parental decision‐making about termination of the pregnancy in 26 families (26/72 (36.1%)), while negative pES results or identification of VUS encouraged 40 families (40/72 (55.6%)) to continue their pregnancy, which ended in a live birth in all cases.ConclusionTrio‐based pES can provide additional genetic information for pregnancies with fetal ultrasound anomalies without a CNV‐seq diagnosis. The incidental findings and parental carrier status reported by trio‐based pES with splice‐site and mitochondrial genome analysis extend its clinical application, but careful genetic counseling is warranted. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Extremely prolonged neuromuscular blockade following a single dose of rocuronium in a dog
Authors: Gomez Ana Gonzalez , Auckburally Adam , Flaherty Derek 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRocuronium is a non‐depolarising neuromuscular block drug extensively used in canine patients due to its favourable characteristics, including the fastest onset of action among all non‐depolarising neuromuscular blocking agents, lack of active metabolites and intermediate duration of effect. Although rocuronium elimination is relatively independent of kidney function, in the past few years, a growing number of reports describing a prolonged duration of the effect of rocuronium in human patients with renal failure have been published. However, to date, the mechanism behind this phenomenon is unclear. The present case describes the development of extremely prolonged neuromuscular blockade (>5 hours) following a single dose of 0.5 mg/kg rocuronium in a female English bulldog with renal disease where neostigmine failed to provide adequate reversal, which was only subsequently achieved following administration of sugammadex. Aside from renal disease, other possible causes of this prolonged duration (relative drug overdose, hypoalbuminaemia, co‐administered drugs, neostigmine‐induced neuromuscular blockade and idiosyncratic reaction to rocuronium) are also discussed.
Unemployment, Social Networks, and Health Inequalities
Authors: Krug Gerhard , Brandt Stefan , Gamper Markus , Knabe André , Klärner Andreas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe loss of employment is an event that interferes with the lives of everyone affected, causes stress, and can have a negative impact on their health. Meta-analyses show that unemployed people have a worse state of health and a mortality risk that is at least 1.6 times higher than those who are employed. Unemployment is associated with a lower mental and physical health status and, in some cases, with riskier health behavior (particularly tobacco consumption). There are two important theses on the role of social networks in this context: (1) Unemployment changes social networks so that they no longer fulfill their positive function for health (mediator thesis); (2) Unemployment leaves social networks unchanged and persons with resource-rich networks suffer less from health losses due to unemployment (moderator thesis). This article provides an overview of empirical analyses on the topic of networks and unemployment.
Migration as a Health Inequality Dimension? Natio-Ethno-Cultural Affiliation, Health, and Social Networks
Authors: Gamper Markus , Kupfer Annett 
Published: June 2022

AbstractConcepts like race, migration background, or ethnic group are more and more being investigated in health research. It should be noted that those concepts themselves are very heterogeneous. They are, for example, endowed with different rights (e.g., cosmopolitan migrants from the global north, refugees from the global south) (Ambrosini & van der Leun, 2015) or have to deal with racism or discrimination (Nazroo, 2003). A challenge and a recurrent difficulty in research on the health of migrants is the operationalization of studies due to the heterogeneity of the group. On the one hand, it is unclear which criteria—nationality, mother tongue, ethnicity of grandparents, race, place of birth, place of migration as well as migration regime—are used to determine “migrants,” which makes comparability of the studies difficult (Sheldon & Parker, 1992). On the other hand, the group of people with a history of migration is very heterogeneous with regard to other lines of difference, such as social milieu/class and gender, but also country of origin and reason and time of migration. This makes the health situation of the so-called migrants very different, and it cannot be described in a generalized way. Research shows that social integration and social support can play a big role in the health status of migrants. It can provide information to the healthcare system, provide emotional support, or simply make someone feel like they are not alone. Social networks also play a big role for people with a so-called migration background or with a so-called different ethnic background (Johnson et al., 2017). In this chapter, we explore the link between health, migration, and networks. In doing so, we will try to minimize the uncertainty of the heterogeneity of the group as much as possible.
Social Networks, Family Social Capital, and Child Health
Authors: Lois Daniel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article reviews literature on social network effects on children's health. Regarding structural aspects, it can be seen that social networks for children consist in the inner circle mainly of members of the core family (parents, siblings) and in the extended circle of other family members such as grandparents and friends. Network size and the proportion of friends in the network increase with the age of the children. With regard to network effects on health it becomes clear that child health is influenced directly by the child’s social network as well as indirectly by the social network of the parents. Of the various theoretical mechanisms that can be used to explain these findings —for example, social support, social contagion, or social control—the support mechanism is best empirically confirmed. Furthermore, it is consistently shown that family social capital correlates positively with the socioeconomic resources of parents in Western industrialized countries. In emerging and developing countries, it is apparent that children’s health is increasingly dependent on the availability of social support.
ICT-Based Customized Off-Loading Cushion to Prevent Pressure Ulcers for People with Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot Study
Authors: Lee Yun-hwan , Moon Kwang-tae , Kim Dong-wan , Kim Jongbae 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe wheelchair cushion is one of the intervention methods for preventing pressure ulcers in people with spinal cord injuries. Recently, a customized wheelchair cushion along with off-loading technology that distributes pressure by removing the seat surface in contact with the bony protrusion of the buttocks in the sitting position is attracting attention. In spite of this, they are exposed to the risk of secondary pressure ulcers because they cannot recognize their body pressure distribution and unintended posture changes due to sensory dysfunction. Accordingly, we developed an ICT-based off-loading cushion that can monitor the pressure distribution and pelvis alignment in a sitting position in real-time. People with spinal cord injuries who participated in the pilot study were satisfied with the device and service, and the ICT-based customized off-loading cushion had a positive psychosocial effect on them. We hope that this will contribute to improving the quality of life by preventing pressure ulcers in people with spinal cord injuries.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Detection Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Boughattas Naouel , Jabnoun Hanen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSome diseases are characterized by persistent deficits in brain activity. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder. It appears in early childhood and evolves throughout life and needs to be detected early to accelerate the treatment and recovery process. These deficits may be detected using medical imaging techniques. In this paper, we present machine learning algorithms allowing to detect peoples with ASD from normal peoples. We used data from the ABIDE dataset. We tested 3 algorithms: Support Vector Machines (SVM), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The best result was obtained using CNN algorithm with an accuracy equal to 95%.
Ant Colony Optimization with BrainSeg3D Protocol for Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Detection
Authors: Bouzidi Dalenda , Ghozzi Fahmi , Fakhfakh Ahmed 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has quickly established itself as the reference imaging tool for the management of patients suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS), both for the diagnosis and the follow-up of the evolution and evaluation of the impact of new therapies.The treatment of multiple sclerosis does not cure the disease, but it slows its progression and can help to space out attacks. In this paper, tumor segmentation is treated as a problem of classification using the Ant Colony optimization algorithm (ACO) combined with a proposed protocol based on BrainSeg3D tools. Many studies and many existing approaches tend the multiple sclerosis (MS) which is a chronic inflammatory anomaly of the central nervous system.The aim of this work is to evaluate and to verify the effectiveness of the proposed protocol on a public longitudinal database which contains 20 MS patients. This study is concerned with comparing these results against the ground truth performed by two experts and against other methods namely Dissimilarity Map (DM) creation and segmentation in terms of Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC).
Mask Detection Using IoT - A Comparative Study of Various Learning Models
Authors: Meddaoui Mohamed Amine , Erritali Mohammed , Madani Youness , Sailhan Françoise 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWearing a mask is an effective measure that prevents the spread of respiratory droplets into the air and thereby curtails the dissemination of coronavirus. Unfortunately, despite the proven effectiveness, the idea of wearing a face mask has difficulty being accepted by part of the population. To address this significant health concern, we present a monitoring system that automatically detects whether a mask is put appropriately over a face. The system annotates the videos that are provided by cameras. In this article, we present a comparative study of machine learning models (i.e., SVM, RNN, LSTM, CNN, auto-encoder, MobileNetV2, Net-B3, VGG-16, VGG-19, Resnet-152).