bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aldehyde‐functionalised distyrylbenzene: Photophysical properties and primary amine sensitivity evaluation in solution and solid state
Authors: Miri Fateme Sadat , Gorji Kandi Saeideh , Panahi Farhad 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe identification of amines is a highly beneficial process in the industrial sector; food corruption, including fish and shellfish and, more importantly, breathing amines, causes dangerous illnesses. In this study, the optical properties and amine sensing of a π‐conjugated organic compound, 1,4‐bis[4‐formylstyryl]benzene (BFSB), containing two aldehyde functional groups, was investigated. BFSB showed ultraviolet–visible absorption in the range of 318‐329 nm with a high molar extinction coefficient (ε = 2.21*105–2.83*105 M−1 cm−1) in the tested solvent with different polarities. BFSB emits in the visible spectrum (420‐514 nm) with Stokes shifts of ca. 6678‐11 991 cm−1. Density functional theory at the B3LYP/6–31 ++ G level of calculation was employed to evaluate the molar structures and frontier orbitals. The combination of BFSB with poly(methyl methacrylate) and polyvinyl alcohol polymers exhibits different photophysical properties. Interaction of this dye with various primary amines in both solution and solid forms leads to the quick formation of an imine group (the reaction of aldehyde with amine and then dehydration). A hypsochromic shift was observed upon treatment of amine with BFSB.
Epidermale Nekrolyse im Zusammenhang mit immunonkologischen Medikamenten, Kinaseinhibitoren sowie Biologika
Authors: Ziemer Mirjana , Fries Viviane , Paulmann Maren , Mockenhaupt Maja 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungHintergrundStevens‐Johnson‐Syndrom und toxisch epidermale Nekrolyse sind schwere, vorrangig arzneimittelinduzierte Haut‐Schleimhaut‐Reaktionen. Da sie sich im Ausmaß der Hautablösung, nicht aber in der Ätiologie unterscheiden, werden sie als epidermale Nekrolyse (EN) zusammengefasst. Durch ihre deutschlandweite Erfassung liegen im Dokumentationszentrum schwerer Hautreaktionen repräsentative Daten vor. Dabei fielen zunehmend Fallmeldungen unter der Behandlung mit neuen immunonkologischen Medikamenten, Kinaseinhibitoren und Biologika auf.Material und MethodikVon 4150 Fallmeldungen, die zwischen Januar 2003 und Februar 2019 eingingen, wurden 102 mit diesen Medikamentengruppen exponierte Fälle einer systematischen Aufarbeitung, Validierung und Kausalitätsbeurteilung unterzogen.ErgebnisseBestätigt wurden zwei Fälle von EN durch Vemurafenib und je ein Fall durch Afatinib und Pembrolizumab. In 14 EN‐Fällen waren andere Medikamente – mehrheitlich Allopurinol oder Cotrimoxazol – Auslöser. Vierzehn Fälle entsprachen EN‐ähnlichen Reaktionen: sechs bullöse lichenoide Arzneimittelexantheme (AME) auf Pembrolizumab (2), Obinutuzumab, Nivolumab, Rituximab, Infliximab/Nivolumab und acht multiforme‐artige AME auf Rituximab (2), Adalimumab, Ramucirumab, Bevacizumab, Vemurafenib und Sorafenib (2). Lichenoide AME waren histologisch und durch den protrahierten Verlauf von EN unterscheidbar, multiforme‐artige AME durch ein variantenreiches Hautbild mit allenfalls geringer Epidermolyse oder Schleimhautbeteiligung.SchlussfolgerungenDie korrekte Diagnose ist prognoseentscheidend und durch den Einsatz dieser Medikamente in der Malignombehandlung relevant. Eine Reexposition ist bei EN kontraindiziert, bei anderen AME unter strenger Risiken‐Nutzen‐Abwägung möglich.
Vorhersage von Immuncheckpoint‐Inhibitor‐bedingter Hepatitis bei Patienten mit metastasiertem Melanom
Authors: Schilling Hannah‐Lou , Hutchinson James A. , Haferkamp Sebastian 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Einführung von Antikörpern gegen die immunregulatorischen Oberflächenmoleküle, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) und cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated protein 4 (CTLA‐4), hat die Behandlung von Tumorerkrankungen revolutioniert. Diese sogenannten Immuncheckpoint‐Inhibitoren verfügen über ein enormes therapeutisches Potenzial und werden zur Behandlung vieler verschiedener Tumorentitäten eingesetzt. Häufig treten bei Patienten, die mit Checkpoint‐Inhibitoren behandelt werden, immunvermittelte Nebenwirkungen auf, die die klinische Anwendung limitieren. Trotz umfassender Bemühungen, die Ätiologie immunvermittelter Komplikationen zu verstehen, sind die zugrundeliegenden zellulären Mechanismen nach wie vor weitgehend ungeklärt. Unserer Arbeitsgruppe ist es gelungen, Patienten mit metastasiertem Melanom zu identifizieren, die eine erhöhtes Risiko haben, eine immunvermittelte Hepatitis zu entwickeln. Diese Gruppe von Patienten zeichnet sich durch eine erhöhte Anzahl von CD4+‐Effektor‐Gedächtnis‐T‐Zellen (CD4+ TEM) aus, die bereits vor der Behandlung im Blut der Patienten nachgewiesen werden können. Die Expansion der CD4+ TEM kann auf eine subklinische Infektion mit dem Cytomegalovirus (CMV) zurückgeführt werden. Zusätzlich stellt der CD4+ TEM‐Wert einen verlässlichen Biomarker für die Vorhersage einer Hepatitis als unerwünschte Nebenwirkung der Immuntherapie dar.
Why do we find dead bumblebees under linden trees?
Authors: Kyrkjebø Vinnes Malene , Aalberg Haugen Inger Marie , Diserud Ola , Ødegaard Frode , Gjershaug Jan Ove 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLinden trees (Tiliaspp.) have for a long time been associated with bumblebee (Bombusspp.) mortality in Europe and North America. Several explanations have been suggested for this phenomenon. This study aimed to explore to which extent the factors of predation, ageing, starvation, and poisonous nectar serve as explanations for bumblebee mortality in association with linden trees.Starvation, ageing, and predation all contributed to mortality of bumblebees found under flowering linden trees. The mean weight of a dead wild bumblebee found under linden trees was found to be close to the weight of a starved bumblebee of the same size. This indicated that starvation was the main driver for many of the deaths.A significant proportion of the dead bumblebees collected under linden trees had injuries indicating predation. The authors suggest that predation may serve as a secondary explanation for the bumblebee mortality, after weakening by starvation or other factors.A small proportion of the bumblebees may have died from physical degradation or age. The present study did not support the poisonous nectar hypothesis. It is necessary to explore the covariation between the suggested hypotheses more closely, to better understand the interplay between the different factors. In addition, there is a need to investigate alternative hypotheses for the association between bumblebees and linden trees.
Can pollinators track plant expansions? A case study on the genetic structure of a host‐dependent pollinating wasp
Authors: Yang Yang , Wang Ya‐Ting , Chen Yan , Wang Rong , Deng Jun‐Yin , Chen Xiao‐Yong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Plants and their pollinators may respond differently to environmental changes like climate warming. As a consequence, whether the pollinators can successfully track the migration of the plants and rebuild an effective pollinator network are crucial for mutualistic relationships, especially obligate mutualisms.
Ficus altissima is a commonly planted tree out of its native range, providing an opportunity to determine if its obligatory pollinating wasp species, Eupristina altissima, can track the range expansion of its host.
Using mtDNA COI gene, we found that E. altissima is the only pollinator species at introduced sites of F. altissima, thereby confirming that this specific pollinator can track the range expansion of its host fig tree. However, population genetic analysis using both COI gene and microsatellite markers detected a significant reduction in genetic variation (number of mtDNA haplotypes and microsatellite‐based genetic diversity indices) and an enhanced differentiation among populations within the expanded distribution range. These findings are consistent with the consequences of founder events.
Our findings suggest that plant range expansion caused by artificial introduction may not suffer from loss of pollinators as previously expected, even within the extremely obligate mutualisms such as the fig‐fig wasp system, when pollinators can disperse, actively or passively, over long distances.
Exploring the relation between psychosis‐like experiences and suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts among college students in the United States
Authors: Jay Samantha Y. , DeVylder Jordan , Schiffman Jason , Pitts Steven C. , Marsh Jonathan , Zhou Sasha , Oh Hans 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimThe suicide rate among college students is particularly high, with evidence that psychosis‐like experiences (PLEs) put these individuals at greater risk. The current study explored whether there are differential relations between four subtypes of PLEs and three suicide outcomes.MethodsWe analysed a large sample of college students from the Fall semester cohort of the 2020 Healthy Minds Study (HMS) (weighted N = 36727). PLEs and suicide outcomes were assessed using binary variables from the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview.ResultsFindings revealed that reporting any of the subtypes of PLEs was associated with greater odds of suicidal ideation (SI), a suicide plan (SP) and a suicide attempt (SA) (signficant a ORs ranging from 1.30 to 3.30). For college students who endorsed SI or a SP in the past year, experiencing delusional mood (aOR [95% CI] = 1.30 [1.02–1.65]), suspiciousness (aOR [95% CI] = 1.31 [1.00–1.71]) and hallucinatory experiences (aOR [95% CI] = 2.76 [2.05–3.71]) in their lifetime increased their odds of reporting a SA in the past year. There was also evidence of a dose‐dependent relation between the number of PLEs endorsed and all three suicide outcomes.ConclusionsCertain subtypes of PLEs including delusional mood, suspiciousness and hallucinatory experiences may contribute to an elevated risk of suicide outcomes in college students. Moreover, the odds of reporting suicide outcomes were greater for individuals who endorsed a greater number of PLEs. It may be helpful to assess for indicated subtypes when determining suicide risk among college students and to be particularly mindful of those who report three or more PLEs.
Elevational shifts in foliar‐soil δ15N in the Hengduan Mountains and different potential mechanisms
Authors: Chen Qiong , Chen Ji , Andersen Mathias Neumann , Cheng Xiaoli 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe natural abundance of stable nitrogen isotopes (δ15N) provides insights into the N dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems, the determination of which is considered an effective approach for gaining a better understanding ecosystem N cycling. However, there is currently little information available regarding the patterns and mechanisms underlying the variation in foliar‐soil δ15N among mountain ecosystems. In this study, we examined the determinants of foliar‐soil δ15N in association with N transportation rates along an elevational gradient in the Hengduan Mountains. Despite the relatively high levels of available N produced from high N fixation and mineralization, we detected the lowest levels of foliar δ15N at 3500 m a.s.l., reflecting the stronger vegetation N limitation at medium high elevations. The enhanced vegetation N limitation was driven by the combined effects of higher microbial immobilization and inherent plant dynamic (the shifts of δ15N in vegetation preference, including vegetation community) with changing climate along the elevational gradient. Unexpectedly, we established that soil δ15N was characterized by an undulating rise and uncoupled correlation with foliar δ15N with increasing elevation, thereby indicating that litter input might not be a prominent driver of soil δ15N. Conversely, soil nitrification and denitrification were found to make a more pronounced contribution to the pattern of soil δ15N along the elevational gradient. Collectively, our results serve to highlight the importance of microbial immobilization in soil N dynamics and provide novel insights that will contribute to enhancing our understanding of N cycling as indicated by foliar‐soil δ15N along elevational gradients.
Survival Modelling for Data From Combined Cohorts: Opening the Door to Meta Survival Analyses and Survival Analysis Using Electronic Health Records
Authors: McVittie James H. , Best Ana F. , Wolfson David B. , Stephens David A. , Wolfson Julian , Buckeridge David L. , Gadalla Shahinaz M. 
Published: June 2022

SummaryNon‐parametric estimation of the survival function using observed failure time data depends on the underlying data generating mechanism, including the ways in which the data may be censored and/or truncated. For data arising from a single source or collected from a single cohort, a wide range of estimators have been proposed and compared in the literature. Often, however, it may be possible, and indeed advantageous, to combine and then analyse survival data that have been collected under different study designs. We review non‐parametric survival analysis for data obtained by combining the most common types of cohort. We have two main goals: (i) to clarify the differences in the model assumptions and (ii) to provide a single lens through which some of the proposed estimators may be viewed. Our discussion is relevant to the meta‐analysis of survival data obtained from different types of study, and to the modern era of electronic health records.
Effects of introducing an online community in a crowdsourcing contest platform
Authors: Ye Jonathan (Hua) , Jensen Matthew 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCrowdsourcing platform owners and operators constantly search for ways to improve contestant performance. One novel proposal for improving performance is the introduction of an online community to the crowdsourcing contest platform. However, research regarding the potential benefits of an online community on such platforms is unclear. Furthermore, prior research often assumes the single dimensionality of prior experience, whose impacts on crowdsourcing performance are also inconclusive. Building on knowledge collaboration and cognitive diversity research, we model the direct effects of introducing an online community on contestant performance and the moderating effects of the amount of experience and experience diversity. Leveraging a natural quasi‐experiment in a large crowdsourcing contest platform, we collected 24 months of contestant data to test our hypotheses. Our propensity score matching and difference in differences analysis demonstrated that contestants' performance (winning contests and crowdsourcing income) increases significantly with the presence of an online community. Additionally, the positive effect of an online community on performance is more pronounced for contestants with less experience and those with more diverse experience. Our findings provide insights into the causality of incorporating an online community and inform community investment decisions for crowdsourcing contest platforms.
Differences in outcomes among patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing catheter ablation with versus without intracardiac echocardiography
Authors: Pimentel Rhea C. , Rahai Neloufar , Maccioni Sonia , Khanna Rahul 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundIntracardiac echocardiography (ICE) use can lead to early detection of periprocedural complications and may improve patient outcomes by providing real‐time visualization of catheter location and the treatment area during cardiac ablation (CA) for atrial fibrillation (AF).ObjectiveExamine complications and 12‐month healthcare use among patients with AF undergoing CA with versus without ICE use during the procedure in a real‐world setting.MethodsThe 2015–2020 IBM MarketScan® Database was used to identify non‐elderly adults (age 18–64 years) undergoing CA for AF. Patients were classified into ICE/non‐ICE groups based on the presence or absence of ICE procedure codes. Patients in each group were matched on study covariates using propensity scores. Peri‐procedural complications, 12‐month cardiovascular (CV) or AF‐related inpatient admission, repeat CA, and cardioversion were compared using a Cox proportional hazard model.Results1371 patients were identified in each study cohort (ICE and non‐ICE) after propensity matching. Patients who had CA with ICE had a significantly lower rate of complications than those without (2.9% vs. 5.8%; p < .001). The risk of complications was 50% lower with ICE use (hazard ratio [HR] 0.50; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.34–0.72). For assessment of 12‐month healthcare utilization, 1250 patients were identified in each cohort after propensity matching. ICE use was associated with a 36% lower risk of 12‐month repeat ablation (HR 0.64; 95% CI 0.49–0.83). No differences in CV‐ or AF‐related inpatient admission and cardioversion were observed.ConclusionAmong patients with AF, the use of ICE during an ablation procedure was associated with lower incidence of complications and repeat ablation.
Interactions of periodontal pathogens with platelets in the gingival crevicular fluid of patients with periodontitis
Authors: Zhang Jie , Li Wenjing , Lu Hongye , Lu Ruifang , Zhan Yalin , Meng Huanxin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimTo explore the immunological defensive effects of platelets on periodontal pathogens in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF).Materials and MethodsGCF samples were collected from 20 patients with periodontitis and 10 healthy controls. Platelets in the GCF were detected by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. Isolated platelets from healthy volunteers were co‐cultured with Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn). The interactions between platelets and periodontal pathogens were observed by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The isolated platelets plus neutrophils were co‐cultured with Pg or Fn, and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was evaluated by staining with Sytox Green.ResultsThe platelet level in the GCF was higher in patients with periodontitis than in healthy controls. Platelets interacted with bacteria and neutrophils in the GCF. In vitro, platelets recruited and engulfed periodontal pathogens. In response to periodontal pathogens, neutrophils released web chromatin, and platelets promoted the formation of intensive NETs.ConclusionsPlatelets, migrating to the gingival sulcus, may exert direct antibacterial effects or assist neutrophils.
Carbon disclosure: A legitimizing tool or a governance tool? Evidence from listed US companies
Authors: Jiang Yan , Fan Hanlu , Zhu Yan , Xu Jian F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe study the motivations behind and consequences of firms disclosing carbon information. Specifically, we explain the bidirectional relationship between carbon disclosure and carbon performance and examine whether carbon disclosure is used as a legitimizing tool or a governance tool. We analyze carbon emissions and disclosure data from 2012 to 2015 for a sample of S&P 500 companies. After addressing issues of endogeneity, our findings support legitimacy theory and suggest that firms tend to greenwash carbon information and use carbon disclosure as a legitimizing tool. In particular, managers strategically select particular types of carbon information to disclose to the public. Our findings also indicate that firms in low‐carbon sectors tend to use disclosure as a governance tool rather than a legitimizing tool, suggesting that firms in high carbon intensity sectors are likely to face serious legitimacy anxiety, and have stronger reasons to manage their green image. Implications of our empirical evidence for managers, investors, and policymakers are explored.
Coat protein of Chinese wheat mosaic virus upregulates and interacts with cytosolic glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase, a negative regulator of plant autophagy, to promote virus infection
Authors: Niu Erbo , Ye Chaozheng , Zhao Wanying , Kondo Hideki , Wu Yunfeng , Chen Jianping , Andika Ida Bagus , Sun Liying 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAutophagy is an intracellular degradation mechanism involved in antiviral defense, but the strategies employed by plant viruses to counteract autophagy‐related defense remain unknown for the majority of the viruses. Herein, we describe how the Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV, genus Furovirus) interferes with autophagy and enhances its infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. Yeast two‐hybrid screening and in vivo/in vitro assays revealed that the 19 kDa coat protein (CP19K) of CWMV interacts with cytosolic glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenases (GAPCs), negative regulators of autophagy, which bind autophagy‐related protein 3 (ATG3), a key factor in autophagy. CP19K also directly interacts with ATG3, possibly leading to the formation of a CP19K–GAPC–ATG3 complex. CP19K–GAPC interaction appeared to intensify CP19K–ATG3 binding. Moreover, CP19K expression upregulated GAPC gene transcripts and reduced autophagic activities. Accordingly, the silencing of GAPC genes in transgenic N. benthamiana reduced CWMV accumulation, whereas CP19K overexpression enhanced it. Overall, our results suggest that CWMV CP19K interferes with autophagy through the promotion and utilization of the GAPC role as a negative regulator of autophagy.
Premature ventricular complexes during continuous electrocardiographic monitoring in the intensive care unit: Occurrence rates and associated patient characteristics
Authors: Suba Sukardi , Hoffmann Thomas J. , Fleischmann Kirsten E. , Schell‐Chaple Hildy , Prasad Priya , Marcus Gregory M. , Badilini Fabio , Hu Xiao , Pelter Michele M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesThis study examined the occurrence rate of specific types of premature ventricular complex (PVC) alarms and whether patient demographic and/or clinical characteristics were associated with PVC occurrences.BackgroundBecause PVCs can signal myocardial irritability, in‐hospital electrocardiographic (ECG) monitors are typically configured to alert nurses when they occur. However, PVC alarms are common and can contribute to alarm fatigue. A better understanding of occurrences of PVCs could help guide alarm management strategies.DesignA secondary quantitative analysis from an alarm study.MethodsThe Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist was followed. Seven PVC alarm types (vendor‐specific) were described, and included isolated, couplet, bigeminy, trigeminy, run PVC (i.e. VT >2), R‐on‐T and PVCs/min. Negative binomial and hurdle regression analyses were computed to examine the association of patient demographic and clinical characteristics with each PVC type.ResultsA total of 797,072 PVC alarms (45,271 monitoring hours) occurred in 446 patients, including six who had disproportionately high PVC alarm counts (40% of the total alarms). Isolated PVCs were the most frequent type (81.13%) while R‐on‐T were the least common (0.29%). Significant predictors associated with higher alarms rates: older age (isolated PVCs, bigeminy and couplets); male sex and presence of PVCs on the 12‐lead ECG (isolated PVCs). Hyperkalaemia at ICU admission was associated with a lower R‐on‐T type PVCs.ConclusionsOnly a few distinct demographic and clinical characteristics were associated with the occurrence rate of PVC alarms. Further research is warranted to examine whether PVCs were associated with adverse outcomes, which could guide alarm management strategies to reduce unnecessary PVC alarms.Relevance to clinical practiceTargeted alarm strategies, such as turning off certain PVC‐type alarms and evaluating alarm trends in the first 24 h of admission in select patients, might add to the current practice of alarm management.