bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of the ecological scaffold in the origin and maintenance of whole-group trait altruism in microbial populations
Authors: Jones Christopher Thomas , Meynell Letitia , Neto Celso , Susko Edward , Bielawski Joseph Patrick 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Kin and multilevel selection provide explanations for the existence of altruism based on traits or processes that enhance the inclusive fitness of an altruist individual. Kin selection is often based on individual-level traits, such as the ability to recognize other altruists, whereas multilevel selection requires a metapopulation structure and dispersal process. These theories are unified by the general principle that altruism can be fixed by positive selection provided the benefit of altruism is preferentially conferred to other altruists. Here we take a different explanatory approach based on the recently proposed concept of an “ecological scaffold”. We demonstrate that ecological conditions consisting of a patchy nutrient supply that generates a metapopulation structure, episodic mixing of groups, and severe nutrient limitation, can support or “scaffold” the evolution of altruism in a population of microbes by amplifying drift. This contrasts with recent papers in which the ecological scaffold was based on selective processes, and therefore demonstrates the power of the scaffolding even in the absence of selection.
Results
Using computer simulations motivated by a simple theoretical model, we show that, although an altruistic mutant can be fixed within a single population of non-altruists by drift when nutrients are severely limited, the resulting altruistic population remains vulnerable to non-altruistic mutants. We then show how the imposition of the “ecological scaffold” onto a population of non-altruists alters the balance between selection and drift in a way that supports the fixation and subsequent persistence of altruism despite the possibility of invasion by non-altruists.
Conclusions
The fixation of an altruistic mutant by drift is possible when supported by ecological conditions that impose a metapopulation structure, episodic mixing of groups, and severe nutrient limitation. This is significant because it offers an alternative explanation for the evolution of altruism based on drift rather than selection. Given the ubiquity of low-nutrient “oligotrophic” environments in which microbes exist (e.g., the open ocean, deep subsurface soils, or under the polar ice caps) our results suggest that altruistic and cooperative behaviors may be highly prevalent among microbial populations.
The Influence of Day 3 Embryo Cell Number on the Clinical Pregnancy and Live Birth Rates of Day 5 Single Blastocyst Transfer from Frozen Embryo Transfer Cycles
Authors: Wang Jie , Diao Zhenyu , Fang Junshun , Zhu Lihua , Xu Zhipeng , Lin Fei , Zhang Ningyuan , Chen Linjun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the influence of day 3 embryo cell number on the clinical pregnancy and live birth rates of day 5 single blastocyst transfer in frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles.
Methods: Our retrospective study included 3761 day 5 single blastocyst FET cycles between January 2015 and December 2019. These FET cycles were divided into three groups according to the day 3 embryo cell number: 939 cycles in the < 8-cell group, 1224 cycles in the 8-cell group and 1598 cycles in the > 8-cell group. The clinical pregnancy and live birth rates were compared among the three groups.
Results: The clinical pregnancy rate of day 5 single blastocyst transfer in FET cycles increased significantly as the day 3 embryo cell number increased (52.2%, 61.4% and 66.8%, P<0.001). Similarly, the live birth rate increased significantly as the day 3 embryo cell number increased (42.7%, 49.8% and 54.9%, P<0.001).
Conclusion: The clinical pregnancy and live birth rates will increase significantly as the day 3 embryo cell number increases when day 5 single blastocyst transfer in FET cycles is performed. A blastocyst derived from an embryo with a faster development speed on day 3 in FET cycles can shorten the time to achieving a live birth.
NudCL2 is essential for cytokinesis by stabilizing RCC2 with Hsp90 at the midbody
Authors: Xu Xiaoyang , Huang Yuliang , Yang Feng , Sun Xiaoxia , Lin Rijin , Feng Jiaxing , Yang Mingyang , Shao Jiaqi , Zhou Tianhua , Yang Yuehong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Cytokinesis is required for faithful division of cytoplasmic components and duplicated nuclei into two daughter cells. However, its underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we show that an Hsp90 co-chaperone NudC-like protein 2 (NudCL2) regulates cytokinesis by stabilizing regulator of chromosome condensation 2 (RCC2) in mammalian cells. NudCL2 co-localizes with RCC2 at the midbody and is required for RCC2 stabilization. Either NudCL2 knockout (KO) or RCC2 depletion causes similar phenotypes, including cytokinesis failure, midbody disorganization, and multinucleation. Ectopic expression of RCC2 effectively reverses the cytokinesis defect induced by NudCL2 KO. Furthermore, Hsp90 is also found to co-localize with NudCL2 at the midbody and is involved in NudCL2-mediated RCC2 stability and cytokinesis. Interestingly, our results reveal that the mRNA and newly synthesized peptides of RCC2 accumulate at the midbody. Loss of NudCL2 decreases the nascent RCC2, but not RCC2 mRNA, at the midbody. Taken together, our data provide a previously undescribed mechanism showing that NudCL2/Hsp90/RCC2 pathway is essential for cytokinesis at the midbody.
Resveratrol attenuates chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced alterations in the SIRT1/PGC1α/SIRT3 pathway and associated mitochondrial dysfunction in mice
Authors: Tabassum Sidra , Misrani Afzal , Huang Hui-xian , Zhang Zai-yong , Li Qiao-wei , Long Cheng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Environmental challenges, specifically chronic stress, have long been associated with neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety and depression. Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) is a NAD+-dependent deacetylase that is widely distributed in the cortex and is involved in stress responses and neuropsychiatric disorders. Nevertheless, how chronic stress modulates the SIRT1 pathway and associated signaling remains unclear. In this study, we first explored the impact of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) on the SIRT1/PGC1α/SIRT3 pathway, on GABAergic mechanisms, and on mitophagy, autophagy and apoptosis in mice. We also asked whether activation of SIRT1 by resveratrol (RSV) can attenuate CUMS-induced molecular and behavioral alterations. Two-month-old C57/BL6J mice were subjected to three weeks of CUMS and one week of RSV treatment (30 mg/kg; i.p.) during the third week of CUMS. CUMS caused downregulation of the SIRT1/PGC1α/SIRT3 pathway leading to impaired mitochondrial morphology and function. CUMS also resulted in a reduction in numbers of parvalbumin-positive interneurons and increased oxidative stress leading to reduced expression of autophagy- and mitophagy-related proteins. Strikingly, activation of SIRT1 by RSV ameliorated expression of SIRT1/PGC1α/SIRT3, and also improved mitochondrial function, GABAergic mechanisms, mitophagy, autophagy and apoptosis. RSV also rescued CUMS-induced anxiety-like and depressive-like behavior in mice. Our results raise the compelling possibility that RSV treatment might be a viable therapeutic method of blocking stress-induced behavioral alterations.
How Do Logistics Disruptions Affect Rural Households? Evidence from COVID-19 in China
Authors: Nan Li , Chen Muzi , Huang Difang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Using a comprehensive survey of households during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in China, we find that logistics disruptions due to the lockdown have resulted in severe economic losses for rural households. Further analysis shows that storage of agricultural inputs and outputs, insurance, and macroeconomic factors are associated with such losses during this period. We further examine the mechanisms by which logistics disruptions affect rural households, including both sales and production channels in agricultural supply chains. The former includes changes in product prices and reduced sales, while the latter includes changes in input prices and shortages of raw materials, capital, and labor. Of these channels, logistics has the most severe impact on sales. Opening up the logistics of sales channels is the primary policy choice. More storage warehouses and insurance are also important preemptive measures. Building stable and sustainable agricultural supply chains ensure rural households' production during the pandemic.
Clinical prospective study of Gallium 68 (68Ga)–labeled fibroblast-activation protein inhibitor PET/CT in the diagnosis of biliary tract carcinoma
Authors: Li Jinghua , Xu Kui , Guo Deliang , Liao Bo , Zhu Qian , Wang Haitao , Jiang Yaqun , Wu Dongde , Xia Xigang , Jiang Ping , Tang Shengli , Yang Zhiyong , He Yueming , Zhang Zhonglin , He Yong , Yuan Yufeng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the 68Ga–labeled fibroblast-activation protein inhibitor (68Ga-FAPI) PET/CT diagnosis performance in biliary tract carcinoma (BTC), and analyze the association between 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT and clinical indexes.
Methods
A prospective study (NCT 05264688) was performed between January 2022 through July 2022. Fifty participants were scanned using 68Ga-FAPI and 18F-FDG PET/CT and acquired pathological tissue.
We employed the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to compare the uptake of 68Ga-FAPI and 18F-FDG, and the McNemar test was used to compare the diagnostic efficacy between the two tracers. Spearman or Pearson correlation was used to assess the association between 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT and clinical indexes.
Results
In total, 47 participants (mean age 59.09±10.98 [range 33–80 years]) were evaluated. The 68Ga-FAPI detection rate was greater than 18F-FDG in primary tumors (97.62% vs. 85.71%), nodal metastases (90.05% vs. 87.06%), distant metastases (100% vs. 83.67%). The uptake of 68Ga-FAPI was higher than 18F-FDG in primary lesions (intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: 18.95±7.47 vs. 11.86±0.70, p=0.001; extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma:14.57±6.16 vs. 8.80±4.74, p=0.004), abdomen and pelvic cavity nodal metastases (6.91±6.56 vs. 3.94±2.83, p<0.001), distant metastases (pleural, peritoneum, omentum, and mesentery: 6.37±4.21 vs. 4.50±1.96, p=0.01; Bone: 12.15±6.43 vs. 7.51±4.54, p=0.008). There was a significant correlation between 68Ga-FAPI uptake and FAP expression (Spearman r=0.432, p=0.009), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (Pearson r=0.364, p=0.012), and platelet (PLT) (Pearson r=0.35, p=0.016). Meanwhile, a significant relationship between 68Ga-FAPI metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and carbohydrate antigen199 (CA199) (Pearson r=0.436, p=0.002) was confirmed.
Conclusion
68Ga-FAPI preceded 18F-FDG in diagnosing BTC to a certain extent. The correlation between 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT indexes and FAP expression, CEA, PLT, and CA199 were confirmed.
Limestone mining area mapping and assessment at the Cement Industrial area using Spectral Index and Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: C Venkata Sudhakar 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Limestone mining contributes significantly to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of any country but it comes with some adverse impacts on the environment. The objective of this study is to determine the spatial distribution area of limestone mines using remote sensing, spectral index, and machine learning algorithms and compare their area estimation with industrial data for the financial year 2019. The study area includes a limestone mining area, of approximately 2226.16 ha with an excavation mining area of 487.10 ha at the Yerraguntla cement industrial region, YSR Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh, India. In this study, we used the normalized vegetation index (NDVI), iterative self organizing data analysis technique (ISODATA), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and random forest (RF) algorithms to analyze multispectral Sentinel-2A satellite data in QGIS 3.18 software tool. The RF classifier estimated a limestone mine area of 379.57 ha with best user accuracy (UA) 97.25% and producer accuracy (PA) 99.18% with a kappa coefficient value of 0.957. The mine area estimated 417.47 ha with UA of 98.99% and PA of 99.10% and kappa value 0.947 of the KNN method, The NDVI method estimated 469.92 ha with UA of 93.63% and PA of 92.04% and kappa value 0.685. This study confirmed that RF classifier well performed in classification with overall accuracy (OA) of 95.79% than KNN (OA of 94.78%), and NDVI (OA of 79.84%) classifiers, and ISODATA is poor in classification with OA of 64.16%. This study supports environmentally sustainable decisions, eco-friendly mine planning and monitoring for limestone mine owners and environmental engineers.
Successful surgical treatment for tension pyopneumothorax caused by Parvimonas micra: A case report
Authors: Iijima Yoshihito , Iwai Shun , Motono Nozomu , Uramoto Hidetaka 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background

Tension pyopneumothorax is a rare and life-threatening complication of pneumonia, lung abscess and empyema, and immediate thoracic drainage or surgery is required in most cases.

Case presentation

A 70-year-old man presented to another hospital 2 weeks after exacerbation of dyspnea and inability to eat. Supine chest x-ray imaging revealed leftward deviation of the mediastinum, pleural effusion and collapse of the right lung. The patient was then referred to our hospital for surgical treatment. He underwent chest drainage immediately after the transfer. The patient’s blood pressure was elevated after drainage. Chest x-ray imaging showed improvement in the mediastinal deviation, but expansion failure of the lung occurred. Debridement and parietal and visceral decortications were performed. The thoracic cavity was irrigated using a pulse lavage irrigation system with 12,000 ml of saline. The patient underwent fibrinolytic therapy with intrathoracic urokinase postoperatively. Parvimonas mica was detected in the preoperative pleural fluid culture. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 22 and followed up as an outpatient afterwards. Two years have passed since the surgery, and there has been no recurrence of empyema.

Conclusions

We successfully treated a rare case of tension pyopneumothorax caused by P. micra. The patient developed tension pyopneumothorax due to gas production from an anaerobic bacterial infection. Decortication of the parietal and visceral pleura and irrigation using a pulse lavage irrigation system were effective in treating the condition.
Immunogenic cell death-related classifications guide prognosis and immunotherapy in osteosarcoma
Authors: Zong Yuan , Cao Yu , Zhang Ding , Guan Xiaoqing , Zhang Fengyi , Shen Zhubin , Yin Fei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a form of cell death that stimulates the immune system to produce an immune response by releasing tumor-associated antigens and tumor-specific antigens, and is considered to play an important role in tumor immunotherapy.
Methods In the present study, we identified two ICD-related subtypes in osteosarcoma (OS) by consensus clustering. We also established and validated an ICD-related prognostic model.
Result ICD-low subtype is associated with favorable clinical outcomes, abundant immune cell infiltration, and high activity of immune response signaling. The modle could not only be used to predict the overall survival of OS patients, but was also found to be closely related to the tumor immune microenvironment of OS patients.
Conclusion We have established a new classification system for OS based on ICD-related genes, which can be used to predict the prognosis of OS patients and the selection of immunotherapy drugs.
DNA methylation-based biomarkers and prediction models for the survival of patients with colorectal cancer: systematic review and external validation study
Authors: Yuan Tanwei , Edelmann Dominic , Kather Jakob N. , Fan Ziwen , Tagscherer Katrin E. , Roth Wilfried , Bewerunge-Hudler Melanie , Brobeil Alexander , Kloor Matthias , Bläker Hendrik , Burwinkel Barbara , Brenner Hermann , Hoffmeister Michael 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
DNA methylation biomarkers (e.g., methylation level at CpG sites) have the potential to improve prognostic accuracy for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). We identified existing DNA methylation-based prognostic biomarkers and prediction models for CRC prognosis and validated them in a large external cohort.
Methods Epigenome-wide studies reporting CpGs associated with survival among CRC patients were retrieved by systematic literature search until October 2022. Validation data were drawn from the 2310 CRC patients of the DACHS study recruited from 22 hospitals in the Rhine-Neckar region in the southwest of Germany. Cox regression analyses with adjustment for clinical variables were performed to validate individual CpGs and prognostic models. Model discriminiation and calibration accuracy were assessed by area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) and calibration plots.
Results We identified 200 unique CpGs and 10 CpG-based prognostic models derived from 15 studies. In the external validation analysis, 1252 of 2310 patients died during follow-up (median 10.4 years). Thirty-nine CpGs (20%) and five prognostic models (50%) were independently associated with overall survival after adjustment for clinical variables. The discrimination ability for the five models was unsatisfactory, with AUCs ranging from 0.53 to 0.60. The calibration accuracy of the five models using recalibrated baseline survival was also poor. All five models can provide only small added prognostic value to traditional clinical variables. All prognostic models were rated as high risk of bias.
Conclusions Only a fraction of published CpGs associated with survival in CRC patients could be externally validated. So far derived published CpG-based prognostic models for CRC do not seem to be useful for clinical practice.
Closed-form solutions to investigate the nonlinear response of foundations supporting operating machines under blast loads
Authors: Abd-Elhamed Ayman 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Machine foundations are subjected to significant dynamic impacts. These impacts could spread to the surrounding regions, affecting workers, sensitive equipment in the same institution, or nearby areas. This study analyzes the response of machine-supporting foundations to harmonic and explosive loads under operational conditions and provides closed-form solutions for predicting responses in terms of displacement, velocity, and acceleration time-histories to two common types of blast loads: a more accurate typical profile and simplified triangular profile. The soil-machine foundation system is regarded as a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system that exhibits elastic–perfectly flexible resistance behavior. For the analysis of the SDOF system, two cases are considered: one assumes that the supporting soil keeps elastic during the explosion, and the peak displacement is less than the elastic one, while the other assumes that the blast occurs in an elastic state, and the peak displacement occurs in a plastic state. By using the closed-form analytical solutions, a detailed parametric analysis is carried out to evaluate the impacts of significant soil-foundation system characteristics such as mass, stiffness, and damping ratio on the response-time history of machine foundations. The findings are compared to those reported in the literature, and relevant conclusions are derived. Obtained results demonstrated that, despite its simplicity and usage of only positive phase to simulate blast loads, the simplified model's response behavior differs significantly from the typical one. Furthermore, the derived solutions are utilized to design the foundations supporting vibrating machines for both harmonic and blast loads in a variety of conceivable scenarios depending on the blast magnitude.
Penalized empirical likelihood estimation and EM algorithms for closed-population capture--recapture models
Authors: Liu Yang , Li Pengfei , Liu Yukun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Capture--recapture experiments are widely used to estimatethe abundance of a finite population.Based on capture--recapture data, the empirical likelihood (EL) methodhas been shown to outperform the conventionalconditional likelihood (CL) method.However, the current literature on EL abundance estimationignores behavioral effects,and the EL estimates may not be stable,especially when the capture probability is low.We make three contributions in this paper.First, we extend the EL method to capture--recapture models that account for behavioral effects.Second, to overcome the instability of the EL method,we propose a penalized EL (PEL) estimation methodthat penalizes large abundance values.We then investigate the asymptotics of the maximum PEL estimator and the PEL ratio statistic.Third, we develop %novelstandard expectation--maximization (EM) algorithmsfor PEL to improve its practical performance.The EM algorithm is also applicable to EL and CL with slight modifications.Our simulation and a real-world data analysis demonstrate that the PEL method successfully overcomes the instability of the EL methodand the proposed EM algorithm produces more reliableresults than existing optimization algorithms.
Vaping-Induced Acute Epiglottitis: A Case Report
Authors: Khorrami Amir , Gheriani Heitham 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: E-cigarette use or vaping, is an alternative nicotine delivery system that is becoming increasingly prevalent in the adolescent and young adult population. There is currently a lack of comprehensive research on the adverse effects of vaping on the upper airway.
Acute epiglottitis is a potentially life-threatening condition that can lead to airway obstruction. It is most commonly caused by bacterial infections such as streptococci, staphylococcus, and Moraxella. Adult patients with acute epiglottitis mainly present with odynophagia, dysphagia, and respiratory difficulties. The diagnosis of epiglottitis is made by direct laryngoscopy, and the mainstay of treatment is antibiotics.
Bozella et al. reported a case of subacute non-infectious epiglottitis associated with e-cigarette use in a pediatric patient. Here we present a case of acute epiglottitis in a healthy young adult after vaping, with a negative infectious investigation. To our knowledge, there has been no such reported case of epiglottitis associated with e-cigarette use in an adult patient.
Case description: A previously healthy 29-year-old male with daily e-cigarette use presented to the emergency department with a severe sore throat, dysphagia, mild hoarseness, and shortness of breath especially when lying supine. A lateral neck soft tissue radiograph revealed a thickened epiglottis with a thumb sign. Direct bedside laryngoscopy showed a swollen epiglottis, partially obstructing the supraglottic region confirming the diagnosis of acute epiglottitis. A throat swab was negative for streptococcus infection. The patient received intravenous dexamethasone and antibiotics for two days and improved significantly. Repeat laryngoscopy showed the resolution of epiglottis swelling and patients’ symptoms had completely resolved two weeks after start of treatment.
Conclusions: Even though bacterial infections usually cause acute epiglottitis, this case presents the second report of this condition associated with vaping with negative microbiological investigations. Therefore, we recommend physicians consider non-infectious causes such as vaping in their differential diagnosis in patients presenting with acute and subacute epiglottitis. More research is warranted on the utility of antibiotics for the treatment of vaping-induced epiglottitis.