bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NLRC5modulates bone metabolism and plays a role in periodontitis
Authors: Wang Weiping , Liu Wenyi , Liu Jianru , Lv Peiying , Wang Yixiang , Ouyang Xiangying 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionNOD‐like receptor C5 (NLRC5) plays a significant role in the immune system, and is one of the largest members of the pattern recognition receptor family. Previous studies have found that NLRC5 might be involved in the regulation of various diseases, such as fibrotic diseases and cancers; however, its effect on bone metabolism‐related diseases has not been reported.MethodsSkeletons ofNlrc5−/−mice generated by CRISPR/Cas9 and wild‐type (WT) mice were compared using X‐ray, micro‐computed tomography, double labeling, and histological examination. Tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase and pit‐absorption assays were performed to evaluate the effect of NLRC5 on osteoclasts differentiation and osteoclastic capacity. The influence of NLRC5 on osteoblasts differentiation and bone formation were studied using alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red staining, respectively. Experimental periodontitis was induced byPorphyromonas gingivalisinfection and ligature to investigate the role of NLRC5 in inflammatory periodontal bone loss.ResultsAdenovirus‐mediated NLRC5 overexpression in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells regulated osteogenesis positively.The femoral osteogenesis ability was significantly weakened inNlrc5−/−mice. Histology showed that the area of the femoral trabeculae in theNlrc5−/−mice was less than that in the WT mice, and radiology suggested that theNlrc5−/−mice had fewer trabeculae and a thinner bone cortex than those of the WT mice.Nlrc5knockout decreased osteoblast mineralization and increased osteoclastogenesis in vitro.NLRC5 was downregulated in periodontitis andP. gingivalisinfection. In the experimental periodontitis model, the alveolar bone loss, inflammatory cell infiltration, and inflammatory cytokines secretion (interleukin [IL]‐1β, IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF‐α]) in theNlrc5−/−mice were significantly enhanced compared to WT mice.ConclusionWe verified a novel role of NLRC5 in bone metabolism by regulating both osteoclasts activity and osteoblasts activity. Our results revealed a protective effect of NLRC5 against periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone destruction. NLRC5 could be a novel treatment target to prevent periodontal bone destruction.
Lymphadenectomy improves outcome in dogs with resected Kiupel high‐grade cutaneous mast cell tumours and overtly metastatic regional lymph nodes
Authors: Chalfon C. , Sabattini S. , Finotello R. , Faroni E. , Guerra D. , Pisoni L. , Ciammaichella L. , Vasconi M. E. , Annoni M. , Marconato L. 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionHistorically, the prognosis for dogs with stage II Kiupel high‐grade cutaneous mast cell tumours has been considered poor.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore the impact of lymphadenectomy on outcome in dogs with Kiupel high‐grade cutaneous mast cell tumours and overt regional lymph node metastasis.Material and MethodsData from dogs with completely staged Kiupel high‐grade cutaneous mast cell tumours with overt and/or certain regional lymph node metastasis undergoing excision of the primary tumours and adjuvant medical treatment were extracted. Dogs with a cytological diagnosis of regional lymph node metastasis that did not undergo lymphadenectomy were compared with dogs that underwent lymphadenectomy and had a histological diagnosis of overt lymph node metastasis.ResultsForty‐nine dogs were included, 18 did not undergo lymphadenectomy while 31 underwent lymphadenectomy. Median time to progression was significantly shorter in dogs that did not undergo lymphadenectomy (150 days, 95% confidence interval: 129 to 170) compared to the other dogs (229 days, 95% confidence interval: 191 to 266). Median survival time was also shorter in dogs that did not undergo lymphadenectomy (250 days, 95% confidence interval: 191 to 308) compared to dogs that underwent lymphadenectomy (371 days, 95% confidence interval: 311 to 430). On multivariable analysis, lack of lymphadenectomy was associated with higher risk of overall tumour progression (hazard ratio: 2.05, 95% confidence interval: 1.02 to 4.13), nodal progression (hazard ratio: 3.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.65 to 7.02) and tumour‐related death (hazard ratio 3.63, 95% confidence interval: 1.72 to 7.66), whereas tumour size was associated with higher risk of local recurrence (hazard ratio: 3.61, 95% confidence interval: 1.06 to 13).Clinical significanceRegional lymphadenectomy may improve outcome in dogs with biologically aggressive cutaneous mast cell tumours.
Demography, disorders and mortality of pet hamsters under primary veterinary care in the United Kingdom in 2016
Authors: O'Neill D. G. , Kim K. , Brodbelt D. C. , Church D. B. , Pegram C. , Baldrey V. 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundHamsters are popular pets worldwide but there is limited evidence on the overall health issues of pet hamsters. This study aimed to characterise the demography, disorder prevalence and mortality of pet hamsters in the United Kingdom.MethodThe VetCompass study included anonymised clinical records of 16,605 hamsters.ResultsThe most common hamster species were Syrian (golden) (Mesocricetus auratus) (n=12,197, 73.45%), Djungarian (winter white dwarf) (Phodopus sungorus) (2286, 13.77%) and Roborovski hamsters (Phodopus roborovskii) (1054, 6.35%). The most prevalent precise‐level disorders recorded across all hamsters were a presentation categorised as ‘wet tail’ (n=293, 7.33%), disorder undiagnosed (292, 7.30%), bite injuries from other hamsters (235, 5.88%), overgrown nail(s) (165, 4.13%), overgrown incisor(s) (159, 3.98%) and traumatic injury (152, 3.80%). The most prevalent disorders groups across all species of hamster were traumatic injury (n=616, 15.41%), enteropathy (450, 11.26%), ophthalmological disorder (445, 11.13%), skin disorder (362, 9.05%) and mass (361, 9.03%). The median age at death across all hamsters was 1.75 years (interquartile range: 0.83 to 2.20, range: 0.01 to 3.65). The most common causes of death at a precise level were wet tail (7.88%, 95% confidence interval: 6.35 to 9.66), abdominal mass (6.40%, 95% confidence interval: 5.01 to 8.03), neoplasia (5.38%, 95% confidence interval: 4.11 to 6.90) and dyspnoea (3.99%, 95% confidence interval: 2.9 to 5.34).ConclusionThis study provides veterinary professionals, educators, welfare scientists and owners with an evidence base on pet hamster health. A greater understanding of the common disorders of pet hamsters can support veterinary professionals to communicate more effectively with owners on key issues and outcomes to expect from hamster ownership.
Characterization of rice flour and pastes with different sweeteners for extrusion‐based 3D food printing
Authors: Prithviraj V. , Thangalakshmi S. , Arora Vinkel Kumar , Liu Zhenbin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis work aims at investigating the impact of commonly used sweeteners—sugar and jaggery on 3D printability of rice flour (RF) paste. The physicochemical characteristics of rice flour suitable for 3D food printing have been investigated. Three mixes, rice flour with water (M1: RF—50.86%, water—49.14%), rice flour with sugar and water (M2: RF—36.75%, sugar—14.10%, water—49.14%) and rice flour with jaggery and water (M3: RF—36.75%, jaggery—14.10%, water—49.14%) were compared on 3D printability based on visual inspection and properties supporting 3D printability and shape retention. The effect of the three mixes was characterized on color, rheological, thixotropic, and handling properties. Out of the three mixes, M3 is found to have the best printability characteristics with shear thinning behavior, yield stress of 157 Pa, flow stress of 121 Pa, and extrusion force of 6.62 kg.
US anti‐suit injunctions and German anti‐anti‐suit injunctions in SEP disputes
Authors: Hess Felix K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe essay argues that anti‐suit injunctions granted in disputes on standard‐essential patents are inconsistent with the general standards governing anti‐suit injunctions. The section on anti‐suit injunction demonstrates that the case law on anti‐suit injunctions is not comparable to disputes over standard essential patents. In contrast, anti‐anti‐suit injunctions are a legitimate response to an extraterritorial assertion of jurisdiction by foreign courts. Under EU law, the courts of member states might even be required to issue anti‐anti‐suit injunctions to protect their exclusive jurisdiction over patents.
The Status of Vulnerability in a Theology of the Christian Life: Gregory of Nyssa on the “Wound of Love” in Conversation with Sarah Coakley
Authors: Thomas Gabrielle 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDiscussions among theologians concerning the status of vulnerability—along with its cousins suffering, pain, and kenosis—have come to the fore in recent decades. It is not surprising that the tradition in which God becomes human would speak of vulnerability, but the question whether Christianity should wholeheartedly affirm vulnerability is not easily resolved. The aim of this essay is to explore this issue by juxtaposing the thought of Gregory of Nyssa and Sarah Coakley with respect to the status of vulnerability in a theology of the Christian life. These two theologians, I will argue, adopt divergent approaches to human vulnerability to God. When we read them in conversation with one another, broader implications emerge regarding the status of vulnerability in a theology of the Christian life.
Three‐dimensional comparison of bone‐borne and tooth‐bone‐borne maxillary expansion in young adults with maxillary skeletal deficiency
Authors: Bazzani Martina , Cevidanes Lucia H. S. , Al Turkestani Najla N. , Annarumma Fabio , McMullen Craig , Ruellas Antonio C. O. , Massaro Camila , Rego Marcus V. N. N. , Yatabe Marilia S. , Kim‐Berman Hera , McNamara James A. , Franchi Lorenzo , Ngan Peter , He Hong , Angelieri Fernanda , Aghazada Hussein , Migliorati Marco 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the transverse dental and skeletal changes in patients treated with bone‐anchored palatal expander (bone‐borne, BB) compared to patients treated with tooth and bone‐anchored palatal expanders (tooth‐bone‐borne, TBB) using cone‐beam computer tomography (CBCT) and 3D image analysis.MethodsThe sample comprised 30 patients with transverse maxillary discrepancy treated with two different types of appliances: bone‐borne (Group BB) and tooth‐bone‐borne (Group TBB) expanders. CBCT scans were acquired before (T1) and after completion of maxillary expansion (T2); the interval was 5.4 ± 3.4 and 6.2 ± 2.1 months between the T1 and the T2 scans of Group TBB (tooth‐bone‐borne) and Group BB (bone‐borne), respectively. Transverse, anteroposterior and vertical linear and angular three‐dimensional dentoskeletal changes were assessed after cranial base superimposition.ResultsBoth groups displayed marked transverse skeletal expansion with a greater ratio of skeletal to dental changes. Greater changes at the nasal cavity, zygoma and orbital levels were found in Group BB. A relatively parallel sutural opening in an anterior–posterior direction was observed in Group TBB; however, the Group BB presented a somewhat triangular (V‐shaped) opening of the suture that was wider anteriorly. Small downward‐forward displacements were observed in both groups. Asymmetric expansion occurred in approximately 50% of the patients in both groups.ConclusionGreater skeletal vs dental expansion ratio and expansion of the circummaxillary regions were found in Group BB, the group in which a bone‐borne expander was used. Both groups presented skeletal and dental changes, with a similar amount of posterior palate expansion. Asymmetric expansion was observed in both groups.
Antibiotic resistance in periodontitis patients: A systematic scoping review of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Ardila Carlos‐M. , Bedoya‐García Jader‐Alexander , Arrubla‐Escobar Daniel‐Esteban 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and proportions of antibiotic‐resistant species in periodontitis patients.MethodsA systematic scoping review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was conducted using the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews involving different databases. MeSH terms and keywords were provided to examine only RCTs with antibiotic‐resistant results that included at least 3 months of follow‐up of systematically healthy patients diagnosed with periodontitis and treated with systemic or local antibiotics adjunctive to subgingival debridement. RCTs that managed participants surgically, duplicate publications, and investigations implemented on animals were discarded.ResultsSix RCTs were chosen. These studies included 465 patients. Most investigations observed that while Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, and Porphyromonas gingivalis had low resistance to amoxicillin, microorganisms in many sites showed resistance to tetracycline, metronidazole, and azithromycin pretreatment. A. actinomycetemcomitans showed high resistance to tetracycline pre‐ and post‐therapy. The proportion of antibiotic‐resistant samples augmented rapidly after the prescription of antibiotics in all test groups. The percentage of antibiotic‐resistant microorganisms decreased over time; at the end of the follow‐up period, resistance levels were close to baseline levels.ConclusionsAdjunctive local and systemic antibiotic treatment temporarily increased the antibiotic resistance of subgingival microorganisms; nonetheless, many bacteria remained susceptible to antibiotics during their administration.
Global prevalence of gingival recession: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yadav Vikender Singh , Gumber Bhumika , Makker Kanika , Gupta Vandana , Tewari Nitesh , Khanduja Puneet , Yadav Renu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to estimate the global prevalence of gingival recession (GR) in the general population.Materials and MethodsPopulation‐based observational studies reporting the prevalence of GR and published from 1991 to 2021 were identified from five electronic databases and manual searches. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Appraisal Checklist for Prevalence Studies. The pooled prevalence of GR was calculated by using a random‐effect model. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to summarize the overall certainty of evidence.ResultsA total of 15 studies involving 37,460 participants were included. The overall pooled prevalence was 78.16% at the minimal reported threshold values and 84.92% at ≥1 mm “cut‐off” with high heterogeneity among studies. A separate analysis for the buccal GR revealed a pooled prevalence of 75.42%. The risk of bias was found to be high for 10 and low for 5 studies. The overall certainty of the evidence was assessed to be very low.ConclusionMore than two‐thirds of the population worldwide was found to be affected by GR. Studies with standard case definition and less heterogeneity are required to accurately estimate the prevalence of GR.
The Integrity of Cartilage Hinge in Song 2/3 Lateral Humeral Condylar Fractures in Children: A Retrospective Radiological Study in Two Centers
Authors: Zhu Tong , Jia Guoqiang , Jin Bin , Liu Tianjing , Ma Shuyu , Chen Jiayuan , Wang Enbo 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveFor pediatric lateral condylar fractures (LCFs) of the humerus, it is often hard to determine the stability of the fracture based on the Song classification, especially for those categorized as Song stages 2 and 3. This study aims to define the characteristics of cartilage injury and assess the stability of LCFs classified as Song stages 2 and 3 on post‐traumatic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsThis was a retrospective study based on imaging data, conducted with a short follow‐up period. From January 2016 to May 2019, data of all patients with Song 2 and Song 3 LCFs treated at two institutions were collected. Based on the inclusion criteria, a total of 62 patients with Song stage 2/3 LCF were included. All radiographs were selected for observation and classification for comparison by two observers, both experienced pediatric orthopedic surgeons. MRIs scans for comparison were analyzed in three consecutive coronal sections and cross‐sections. Patients were treated conservatively with casting or surgically with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPP).ResultsAltogether 62 cases between 1.5 to 9 years old were included. Reliability analysis revealed poor, moderate, or good agreement between the two observers (range, 0.149–0.633). Both observers showed moderate or good consistency (range, 0.413–0.611). Among the 62 patients diagnosed with Song stages 2 and 3 fractures on initial radiographs, only two patients (3%) had complete fractures with complete disruption of the cartilage hinge as seen on MRI. The hinge was generally located in the posterior‐inferior region of the distal humeral cartilage as indicated on MRI. There was no significant difference between Song stages 2 and 3 with regard to ratio of hinge to total values in any cross‐sections, nor was there any significant difference in the completeness of the coronal sections (P > 0.05). Of the 62 patients treated, 50 were managed conservatively with casting and 12 underwent CRPP. Forty‐nine of the remaining 60 patients (97%) with incomplete fractures were managed conservatively, while the remaining 11 patients were managed with CRPP. All patients with incomplete fractures showed bone healing and no evidence of lateral condyle displacement on follow‐up radiographs.ConclusionsThe Song stage 2 or 3 classification is not entirely accurate and is inadequate at guiding treatment outcomes. The cartilage hinge was most likely located posteroinferiorly within the distal humeral epiphysis. According to our findings, conservative treatment with an effective cast or splint may be sufficient for bone healing in case of incomplete cartilage fractures.
Tracheid buckling buys time, foliar water uptake pays it back: Coordination of leaf structure and function in tall redwood trees
Authors: Chin Alana R. O. , Guzmán‐Delgado Paula , Sillett Stephen C. , Kerhoulas Lucy P. , Ambrose Anthony R. , McElrone Andrew R. , Zwieniecki Maciej A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTracheid buckling may protect leaves in the dynamic environments of forest canopies, where rapid intensifications of evaporative demand, such as those brought on by changes in light availability, can result in sudden increases in transpiration rate. While treetop leaves function in reliably direct light, leaves below the upper crown must tolerate rapid, thermally driven increases in evaporative demand. Using synchrotron‐based X‐ray microtomography, we visualized impacts of experimentally induced water stress and subsequent fogging on living cells in redwood leaves, adding ecological and functional context through crown‐wide explorations of variation in leaf physiology and microclimate. Under drought, leaf transfusion tracheids buckle, releasing water that supplies sufficient temporal reserves for leaves to reduce stomatal conductance safely while stopping the further rise of tension. Tracheid buckling fraction decreases with height and is closely coordinated with transfusion tissue capacity and stomatal conductance to provide temporal reserves optimized for local variation in microclimate. Foliar water uptake fully restores collapsed and air‐filled transfusion tracheids in leaves on excised shoots, suggesting that trees may use aerial water sources for recovery. In the intensely variable deep‐crown environment, foliar water uptake can allow for repetitive cycles of tracheid buckling and unbuckling, protecting the tree from damaging levels of hydraulic tension and supporting leaf survival.
Exploring subjectivities of peace, violence, and power among the youth in Brazil
Authors: Maschietto Roberta Holanda , Ferreira Marcos Alan , Cortinhas Juliano da Silva 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBrazil is one of the most violent countries in the world, and the vast majority of victims of lethal violence are under 30 years of age. Given this context, it seems important to understand what the perceptions and experiences of young people are regarding peace, violence, and power. This article does this through a study of the views of 153 high school students in nine public institutions in three municipalities. Engaging with the debates on the “local turn” and on youth in peacebuilding, we show that young people, while embracing some values intrinsic to the influential “liberal peace discourse,” also express views that are critical of important assumptions that shape such discourse. Students also criticized entrenched dynamics of symbolic violence, such as machismo and racism, factors which affect their subjectivities of empowerment and agency. To reduce violence, participants reiterated the need to change values through critical (peace) education.
Severe hypoglycemia in propranolol treatment for infantile hemangiomas
Authors: Morimoto Akira , Ozeki Michio , Sasaki Satoru , Baba Naoko , Kuwano Yoshihiro , Kaneko Tsuyoshi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundInfantile hemangioma (IH), formerly termed strawberry hemangioma, is a benign vascular tumor caused by capillary endothelial cell proliferation. The tumor regresses after 1 year of age, but sequelae occur in approximately half of the patients without systemic treatment. Propranolol (PPL) is currently the first‐line therapeutic agent in Japan as well as in Western countries. It is not commonly known that PPL may induce severe hypoglycemia, in addition to cardiovascular and respiratory side effects.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed patients with severe PPL‐induced hypoglycemia in the 3 years since the launch of Hemangiol®, a PPL preparation specific for IH, in Japan in 2016.ResultsThe incidence of severe hypoglycemia and of hypoglycemic convulsions following PPL treatment was estimated to be 0.54% and 0.35%, respectively. The incidence of hypoglycemic convulsions appeared to be higher in Japan than in Western countries. Severe hypoglycemia was common in infants aged >1 year, when PPL was used for ≥6 months. Severe hypoglycemia often develops from 05:00 a.m. to 09:00 a.m. and is frequently associated with prolonged periods of fasting, poor feeding, or poor physical conditions.ConclusionTo avoid the risk of hypoglycemia, the treatment should be initiated by 6 months of age during the proliferative phase at the latest, and should not be extended indiscriminately beyond 1 year of age. Guardians should be advised not to administer PPL on an empty stomach, in the presence of poor feeding, or who are in poor physical condition, not to prolong fasting after PPL administration, and to monitor the child's condition immediately after he or she wakes up.