bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of management zones for recovering parrotfish species within the largest coastal marine protected area in Brazil
Authors: Pereira Pedro H. C. , Araujo Julia Caon , Lima Gislaine V. , Côrtes Luís G. F. , Gomes Erandy , Magris Rafael A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe establishment of multiple zones offering different protection levels within a Marine Protected Area (MPA) can minimize social conflicts while maintaining associated biodiversity benefits such as fish population replenishment. Parrotfishes are among one of the most ecologically important reef fishes; yet extremely overexploited worldwide. In this context, well-designed priority management areas allowing no fishing activity (no-take zones) could help recover fish species, such as parrotfishes, through a MPA zoning process. Here, we tested this hypothesis by identifying the spatial configuration of zones that maximize the recovery of endangered parrotfish species (Scarus trispinosus; Scarus zelindae; Sparisoma amplum; Sparisoma axillare; Sparisoma frondosum) at the largest MPA in Brazil protecting nearshore coral reefs (MPA Costa dos Corais). We used parrotfish distribution data to produce species distribution models (SDMs) and combined them with conservation planning tools to delineate priority zones following a systematic approach. Then, we contrasted priority zones against non-systematic, newly designed no-take zones based on managers’ and stakeholders’ perspectives. After mapping the predicted abundance of each species within both zones based upon field surveys, we found that priority zones were more effective than non-systematic ones for the protection of two out of the five species: Scarus trispinosus and Sparisoma amplum. Thus, we considered that designing systematic zones was particularly relevant for increased protection of the two parrotfish species facing the largest decline. The prioritization analyses also showed that priority areas for parrotfish conservation following a systematic approach were mostly located surrounding and within no-take zones delineated by local stakeholders. The spatial overlap between systematic and non-systematic zones was of 38%. Hence, our study reinforces the importance of considering scientific information and methods (e.g., spatial distribution data and prioritization analyses) as a complementary strategy along with local stakeholders’ knowledge, for delineating and refining management zones within MPAs.
Titania nanospikes activate macrophage phagocytosis by ligand-independent contact stimulation
Authors: Kartikasari Nadia , Yamada Masahiro , Watanabe Jun , Tiskratok Watcharaphol , He Xindie , Egusa Hiroshi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMacrophage phagocytosis is an important research target to combat various inflammatory or autoimmune diseases; however, the phenomenon has never been controlled by artificial means. Titania nanospikes created by alkaline etching treatment can tune macrophage polarization toward a M1-like type and might regulate macrophage phagocytosis. This in vitro study aimed to determine whether the two-dimensional titania nanosurfaces created by alkaline etching treatment activated the macrophage phagocytosis by nanospike-mediated contact stimulation. On two-dimensional pure titanium sheets, alkaline etching treatments with different protocols created superhydrophilic nanosurfaces with hydroxyl function groups and moderate or dense nanospikes. Both types of titania nanosurfaces promoted the phagocytic activity of the mouse macrophage-like cell line, J774A.1, through upregulation of M1 polarization markers and phagocytosis-related receptors, such as toll-like receptors (TLR2 and 4). In contrast, the hydrophobic smooth or micro-roughened titanium surfaces did not activate macrophage phagocytosis or the expression of related receptors. These phenomena remained unchanged even under the antibody blockade of macrophage TLR2 but were either suppressed or augmented for each surface excited by ultraviolet irradiation. Titania nanospikes induced paxillin expression and provided physical stimuli to macrophages, the extent of which was positively correlated with TLR expression levels. Ligand stimulation with lipopolysaccharide did not upregulate macrophage TLR expression but further enhanced M1 marker expression by titania nanosurfaces. These results showed that the two-dimensional titania nanosurfaces activated macrophage phagocytosis by enhancing expression of phagocytosis-related receptors through nanospike-mediated contact stimulation, in assistance with physical surface properties, in a ligand-independent manner.
Timescale mediates the effects of environmental controls on water temperature in mid- to low-order streams
Authors: García Molinos Jorge , Nobuo Ishiyama , Sueyoshi Masanao , Nakamura Futoshi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAdequate management and conservation of instream thermal habitats requires an understanding of the control that different landscape features exert on water temperatures. Previous studies have extensively explored the influence of spatial scale on these relationships. However, the effect of temporal scale remains poorly understood. Here, we use paired air–water mean daily and monthly summer temperatures collected over four years from 130 monitoring stations in Japanese mid- to low-order streams to investigate whether perceived effects of different environmental controls on water temperature are dependent on the timescale of the temperature data, and whether those dependencies are related to the spatial scale at which these controls operate. We found a clear pattern for the significant cooling effect, high relative importance and strong dominance exerted by the riparian forest cover on daily temperatures at the reach scale becoming dampened by concomitant increases associated to the proportion of volcanic geology on monthly temperatures at the catchment scale. These results highlight the importance of contextualizing the effects of environmental controls on water temperatures to the timescale of the analysis. Such dependencies are particularly important for the management and conservation of instream thermal habitats in a rapidly warming world.
A field-deployable diagnostic assay for the visual detection of misfolded prions
Authors: Christenson Peter R. , Li Manci , Rowden Gage , Schwabenlander Marc D. , Wolf Tiffany M. , Oh Sang-Hyun , Larsen Peter A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDiagnostic tools for the detection of protein-misfolding diseases (i.e., proteopathies) are limited. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) facilitate sensitive diagnostic techniques via visual color change for the identification of a variety of targets. In parallel, recently developed quaking-induced conversion (QuIC) assays leverage protein-amplification and fluorescent signaling for the accurate detection of misfolded proteins. Here, we combine AuNP and QuIC technologies for the visual detection of amplified misfolded prion proteins from tissues of wild white-tailed deer infected with chronic wasting disease (CWD), a prion disease of cervids. Our newly developed assay, MN-QuIC, enables both naked-eye and light-absorbance measurements for detection of misfolded prions. MN-QuIC leverages basic laboratory equipment that is cost-effective and portable, thus facilitating real-time prion diagnostics across a variety of settings. In addition to laboratory-based tests, we deployed to a rural field-station in southeastern Minnesota and tested for CWD on site. We successfully demonstrated that MN-QuIC is functional in a non-traditional laboratory setting by performing a blinded analysis in the field and correctly identifying all CWD positive and CWD not-detected deer at the field site in 24 h, thus documenting the portability of the assay. White-tailed deer tissues used to validate MN-QuIC included medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes, parotid lymph nodes, and palatine tonsils. Importantly, all of the white-tailed deer (n = 63) were independently tested using ELISA, IHC, and/or RT-QuIC technologies and results secured with MN-QuIC were 95.7% and 100% consistent with these tests for positive and non-detected animals, respectively. We hypothesize that electrostatic forces help govern the AuNP/prion interactions and conclude that MN-QuIC has great potential for sensitive, field-deployable diagnostics for CWD, with future potential diagnostic applications for a variety of proteopathies.
A retrospective cohort study of factors associated with severity of falls in hospital patients
Authors: Ghosh Manonita , O’Connell Beverly , Afrifa-Yamoah Ebenezer , Kitchen Sue , Coventry Linda 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSeverity of falls in hospital patients are threat to patient safety which can result in a financial burden on the patient’s family and health care services. Both patient specific and environmental and organisational factors are associated with severity of falls in hospital. It is important to continuously analyse the factors associated with severity of fall which can inform the implementation of any fall preventive strategies. This study aims to identify factors associated with the severity of falls in hospitalised adult patients in Western Australia. This study involved a retrospective cohort analysis of inpatient falls records extracted from the hospital’s Clinical Incident Database from May 2014 to April 2019. Severity of falls were classified as three Severity Assessment Code (SAC): SAC 1 was “high” causing serious harm or death; SAC 2 was “medium” causing moderate or minor harm; and SAC 3 was “low” indicating no harm. Univariable and multivariable generalised ordinal logistic regression models were used to quantify the magnitude of effects of the potential risk factors on severity of falls at 5% level of significance and reported the crude odds and adjusted odds ratio of falling at a higher severity level. There were 3705 complete reported cases of falls with the average age of the patients was 68.5 ± 17.0 years, with 40.2% identified as female. The risk of falling at a higher level of severity increased by patient age over 50 years. Females were 15.1% more likely to fall at higher severity level compared to females. Fall incidents occurred during toileting and showering activities and incidents in a communal area were 14.5% and 26% more likely to occur at a higher severity respectively. Similarly, depression (167%), influence of alcohol or illicit drugs (more than 300%), use of medications (86%) and fragile skin (75%) significantly increased the odds of falling at higher level of severity. Identification of underlying risk factors associated with fall severity provides information which can guide nurses and clinicians to design and implement effective interventional strategies that mitigate the risk of serious fall injuries. The results suggest that fall prevention strategies should target patients with these risk factors to avoid severity of falls.
Exploring urban growth–climate change–flood risk nexus in fast growing cities
Authors: Ajjur Salah Basem , Al-Ghamdi Sami G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study looks at the nexus between urban growth, climate change, and flood risk in Doha, Qatar, a hot-spot, climate change region that has experienced unprecedented urban growth during the last four decades. To this end, this study overviews the main stages of Doha’s urban growth and influencing climatic factors during this period. A physically-based hydrological model was then built to simulate surface runoff and quantify flood risk. Finally, the Pearson correlation was used to verify the potential nexus between flood risk, climate change, and urban growth. Surveying showed that, between 1984 and 2020, urban areas grew by 777%, and bare lands decreased by 54.7%. In addition, Doha witnessed various climatic changes with a notable increase in air temperature (+ 8.7%), a decrease in surface wind speed (− 19.5%), and a decrease in potential evapotranspiration losses (− 33.5%). Growth in urban areas and the perturbation of climatic parameters caused runoff to increase by 422%, suggesting that urban growth contributed more than climatic parameters. Pearson correlation coefficient between flood risk and urban growth was strong (0.83) and significant at p < 0.05. Flood risk has a strong significant positive (negative) correlation with air temperature (wind speed) and a moderate positive (negative) correlation with precipitation (potential evapotranspiration). These results pave the way to integrate flood risk reduction measures in local urban development and climate change adaptation plans.
Dynamic prediction of mortality after traumatic brain injury using a machine learning algorithm
Authors: Raj Rahul , Wennervirta Jenni M. , Tjerkaski Jonathan , Luoto Teemu M. , Posti Jussi P. , Nelson David W. , Takala Riikka , Bendel Stepani , Thelin Eric P. , Luostarinen Teemu , Korja Miikka 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntensive care for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) aims to optimize intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP). The transformation of ICP and CPP time-series data into a dynamic prediction model could aid clinicians to make more data-driven treatment decisions. We retrained and externally validated a machine learning model to dynamically predict the risk of mortality in patients with TBI. Retraining was done in 686 patients with 62,000 h of data and validation was done in two international cohorts including 638 patients with 60,000 h of data. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve increased with time to 0.79 and 0.73 and the precision recall curve increased with time to 0.57 and 0.64 in the Swedish and American validation cohorts, respectively. The rate of false positives decreased to ≤2.5%. The algorithm provides dynamic mortality predictions during intensive care that improved with increasing data and may have a role as a clinical decision support tool.
Longitudinal phenotypic aging metrics in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
Authors: Kuo Pei-Lun , Schrack Jennifer A. , Levine Morgan E. , Shardell Michelle D. , Simonsick Eleanor M. , Chia Chee W. , Moore Ann Zenobia , Tanaka Toshiko , An Yang , Karikkineth Ajoy , AlGhatrif Majd , Elango Palchamy , Zukley Linda M. , Egan Josephine M. , de Cabo Rafael , Resnick Susan M. , Ferrucci Luigi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo define metrics of phenotypic aging, it is essential to identify biological and environmental factors that influence the pace of aging. Previous attempts to develop aging metrics were hampered by cross-sectional designs and/or focused on younger populations. In the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA), we collected longitudinally across the adult age range a comprehensive list of phenotypes within four domains (body composition, energetics, homeostatic mechanisms and neurodegeneration/neuroplasticity) and functional outcomes. We integrated individual deviations from population trajectories into a global longitudinal phenotypic metric of aging and demonstrate that accelerated longitudinal phenotypic aging is associated with faster physical and cognitive decline, faster accumulation of multimorbidity and shorter survival. These associations are more robust compared with the use of phenotypic and epigenetic measurements at a single time point. Estimation of these metrics required repeated measures of multiple phenotypes over time but may uniquely facilitate the identification of mechanisms driving phenotypic aging and subsequent age-related functional decline.
Tissue-like organic electrochemical transistors
Authors: Bai Jing , Liu Dingyao , Tian Xinyu , Zhang Shiming 
Published: July 2022

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are the perfect link between biology and microelectronics. This highlight backtracks the development of tissue-like OECTs (stretchable and healable) for applications at soft bioelectronic interfaces.
Wirtschaftliche Auswirkungen der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie im Jahr 2020
Authors: Boehmer Patricia , Wirtz Dieter Christian , Burger Christof , Schildberg Frank Alexander , Kabir Koroush , Scheidt Sebastian 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Einführung Im Jahr 2020 erforderte die SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie eine Anpassung der Versorgungsstruktur in allen medizinischen Einrichtungen in Deutschland. Diese Studie analysierte die
Auswirkungen der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie im Fachbereich Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie anhand der Jahresbilanz einer Universitätsklinik.
Methoden Es wurde eine Datenanalyse der Leistungsparameter der Klinik aus den Jahren 2019 und 2020 durchgeführt. Analysiert wurden 52943 ambulante und 7980 stationäre Fallzahlen, der
Case Mix Index (CMI) sowie die Kosten und Erlöse.
Ergebnisse Infolge der Reduktion geplanter Operationen sank die mittlere Zahl stationärer Patienten im März und April 2020 um 10,4% (p = 0,004). Aufgrund der Fokussierung auf
komplexe Fälle stieg der CMI in diesem Zeitraum um 29,5% (p = 0,007) an. Die Zahl ambulanter Operationen nahm im Gesamtjahresvergleich um 16,9% (n = 84) zu. Steigende Kosten für
Verbrauchsmaterialien durch den Kauf von Schutzausrüstungen wurden durch einen geringeren Bedarf an orthopädischen Implantaten kompensiert.
Fazit Durch die Reduktion elektiver stationärer chirurgischer Behandlungen erfolgte eine Fokussierung auf komplexe Krankheitsbilder, was sich in einem erhöhten CMI widerspiegelt.
Durch interne Kompensationsmechanismen konnte die Klinik einerseits Intensivkapazitäten einsparen und andererseits eine Umsatzsteigerung erzielen.
Mode of Delivery in Antepartum Singleton Stillbirths and Associated Risk Factors
Authors: Underwood Katherine , Reddy Uma M. , Hosier Hillary , Sweeney Lena , Campbell Katherine H. , Xu Xiao 
Published: July 2022

Objective This study was aimed to investigate delivery management of patients with antepartum stillbirth.
Study Design Using data from fetal death certificates and linked maternal hospital discharge records, we identified a population-based sample of patients with singleton antepartum stillbirth at 20 to 42 weeks of gestation in California in 2007 to 2011. Primary outcomes were intended mode of delivery and actual mode of delivery. We used multivariable regressions to examine the association between patient demographic, clinical, and hospital characteristics and their mode of delivery. Separate analysis was performed for patients who had prior cesarean delivery versus those who did not.
Results Of 7,813 patients with singleton antepartum stillbirth, 1,356 had prior cesarean, while 6,457 had no prior cesarean. Labor was attempted in 51.8% of patients with prior cesarean and 93.7% of patients without prior cesarean, with 76.2 and 95.8% of these patients, respectively, delivered vaginally. Overall, 18.9% of patients underwent a cesarean delivery (60.5% among those with prior cesarean and 10.2% among those without prior cesarean). Multivariable regression analysis identified several factors associated with the risk of cesarean delivery that were not medically indicated. For instance, among patients without prior cesarean, malpresentation (of which the vast majority was breech presentation) was associated with an increased likelihood of planned cesarean (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 3.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.53–4.22) and cesarean delivery after attempting labor (adjusted OR = 3.09, 95% CI: 2.25–4.25). For both patients with and without prior cesarean, delivery at an urban teaching hospital was associated with a lower likelihood of planned cesarean and a lower likelihood of cesarean delivery after attempting labor (adjusted ORs ranged from 0.28 to 0.56, p < 0.001 for all).
Conclusion Over one in six patients with antepartum stillbirth underwent cesarean delivery. Among patients who attempted labor, rate of vaginal delivery was generally high, suggesting a potential opportunity to increase vaginal delivery in this population.
Key Points
Repeatability and random regression models to estimate genetic parameters for oocyte and embryo production in the Gir breed
Authors: Rocha Renata de Fátima Bretanha , Otto Pamela Itajara , da Silva Marcos Vinicius Gualberto Barbosa , Martins Marta Fonseca , Machado Marco Antonio , Veroneze Renata , Leandro Felipe Damasceno , Pereira Stela Naetzold , Guimarães Simone Eliza Facioni , Panetto João Cláudio do Carmo 
Published: July 2022

Context Greater production of oocytes and embryos from Gir donors contributes to greater fertility and genetic progress. Aims This study aimed to obtain genetic parameters for oocyte and embryo production in the Gir breed. Methods Repeatability and random regression models were applied to data consisting of 17 526 Ovum Pick Up observations from 1641 Gir donors from five different herds. Single and multi-trait analyses were carried out with the application of both models for the traits: number of viable oocytes, number of total oocytes and number of embryos, using the BLUPF90 family programs. Legendre polynomials of second order were used in the random regression model. Key results Considering the repeatability model, additive genetic variance ranged from 0.06 to 0.13 and permanent environment variance ranged from 0.05 to 0.08 for all evaluated traits. Residual variance ranged from 0.30 to 0.45. Heritability estimates were 0.10 for number of embryos, 0.24 for total oocytes, and 0.25 for viable oocytes. Repeatability estimates were moderate, ranging from 0.20 to 0.40, and genetic correlation estimates were always above 0.80. Phenotypic correlation was high only between viable and total oocytes (0.95), and moderate in the other cases. Random regression model results were consistent with those from the repeatability model. The heritability values remained similar throughout the donors’ ages, with moderate values for viable and total oocytes, and low values for number of embryos. Genetic correlations among ages for each trait were moderate to high. Also, the genetic correlations between traits within each age were high, with values always above 0.7. Conclusions Selection of Gir donors for total oocyte production at any time, between 1 and 16 years of age, might lead to an increase in the number of viable oocytes and embryos obtained, but it’s preferable at younger ages to hasten genetic progress. Repeatability models could be the best method, as they require less computational effort when compared to the random regression models and the parameter estimates do not vary substantially throughout different ages of the donor. Implications The use of repeatability models to estimate genetic parameters of oocytes and embryos resulted in similar results compared to random regression models.