bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation on material physical properties for application in seawater-RHA concrete added with coal bottom ash
Authors: Adawiyah Waliyo Rabiatul , Md Noor Nurazuwa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper presented the result of a laboratory investigation to determine the properties of the material used for seawater-RHA concrete added with coal bottom ash. Seawater, rice husk ash and coal bottom ash were introduced as eco-material in concrete to totally or partially replace conventional material as an effort to introduce environmental-friendly material. Testing was carried out on sieve analysis, fineness modulus, specific gravity and water absorption which complies with the standard available. In addition, a scanning electron microscope and X-ray fluorescence were conducted on ordinary Portland cement, rice husk ash, coal bottom ash and sand to study the microstructural and element composition of the material. It was found that specific gravity for seawater is slightly higher than tap water. Meanwhile, rice husk ash and coal bottom ash have a specific gravity lower than conventional materials. From the XRF test, rice husk ash is classified as type F pozzolans with silica oxide more than 90 percent and coal bottom ash has more voids compared to normal sand. These investigations are important to ensure good concrete performance especially in controlling water-cementitious ratio, strength and quality of the concrete.
Adsorption Isotherms of Dimethyl Phthalate (DMP), DiEthyl Phthalate (DEP), Dibutyl Phthlate (DBP) and Benzyl Butyl Phthalate (BBP) Compounds in Synthetic and Sembrong River Sediment
Authors: Rapok K J , Karim A T A , Hashim N H , Muhammad A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Concentrations of Dimethyl Phthalate (DMP), Diethyl Phthalate (DEP), Dibutyl Phthlate (DBP), and Benzyl Butyl Phthalate (BBP) analysis proved present in Sembrong river sediment. These findings occurred during a certain extent of time depending on the properties of sediment and phthalates esters compound. Therefore, adsorption isotherm conducted using optimization method using manipulating variables of initial concentrations and contact times. The results analysis showed higher percentage adsorption recorded in DMP, DEP, DBP and BBP compounds by synthetic sediment which is 88.3%,89.6%,89.0% and 94.8% whereas river sediment is 87.4%,88.4%, 87.1% and 93.4%. The contributing factors aided in the adsorption of PAEs onto synthetic sediment are higher organic content (OC), smaller particle size having larger surface area and higher molecular weight of PAEs. Competitive adsorption occurred between DMP, DEP and DBP as they are low molecular weight compounds. Adsorption isotherms models by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms models showed separation factor, RL values are favourable from 0.11 to 0.69. Good statistical fit R2 ranged from 0.97 to 0.99 of a good fit. Therefore, in conclusion, Sembrong river sediment is an adsorbent sediment storage of PAEs compounds.
Assessment, Monitoring, and Reduction Strategy Development for Non- Revenue Water (NRW) of Calamba Water District (CWD), Calamba City, Laguna, Philippines
Authors: Cervancia K. , Gomez C J , Niega C E , Tividad K M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
NRW is a portion of water supply that is lost and consequently, a wasted revenue for water distributor. This study develop reduction strategies of NRW in CWD through the assessment of the company’s operating practices by conducting interviews and determining the relationships between the real loss and the range of variation of pressure, and between the apparent loss and the number of service connections using simple linear regression method. Results shows that significant relationship was only shown between the number of service connections and apparent losses. Furthermore, the apparent losses came from the number of service connections is the highest contributor of water loss. Hence, the recommended reduction plans are to start and monitor the record of the age of infrastructure, to manage inaccurate meter readings, to establish a water meter repair and replacement program, and to have a regular monitoring for water theft to address the problems in NRW. Finally, it is also recommended to establish a new department that focuses in NRW reduction through standardizing zones and areas for assessment and monitoring purposes.
Remediation of Organic Contaminant in Sludge by using Bioaugmentation and Solidification and Stabilization (S/S) Method
Authors: Syafiqah Mohd Rizal Nur , Nasuha Mohd Rais Nurul , Filzah Mohd Kamil Nor Amani , Hamzah Nurhidayah , Azliza Akbar Nor , Shaylinda Mohd Zin Nur 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Fiberboard industrial wastewater sludge is a type of waste produced as a by-product of the wastewater treatment plant, which consists of organic matters that can turn into toxic and hazardous forms if left untreated. Hence, this study aims to remediate the sludge by using fungi bioaugmentation and solidification and stabilization (S/S) method in 7 days. This study focus on the degradation of organic contaminants based on leaching behaviour of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). Besides, the compressive strength was also measure for safe disposal. Aspergillus brasiliensis ATCC 16404 was used for fungi bioaugmentation of sludge and Portland cement was used as the binder in the S/S method. After a week, bioaugmentation method shows the lowest COD concentration (467mg/L). Whereas, higher COD concentration was detected for S/S method (550 mg/L). By using both methods, COD concentration was detected highest (570 mg/L) than single method. Since both methods were less successful in removing COD, it is highly recommended to conduct in longer duration for future work.
Effect of Spent Tea Leave Dosages on the Removals of Chemical Oxygen Demand and Total Phosphorus from Synthetic Food Processing Wastewater
Authors: Nabilah Daski Fatin , Ab. Aziz Nur Adila 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the food processing industries, enormous amounts of water are utilized in the manufacturing process. Therefore, wastewater discharged from food industries must be characterized to develop viable treatment technologies. In this study, the adsorption method is used throughout the investigation and spent tea leave is used as a potential adsorbent to remove the concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total phosphorus (TP). The synthetic wastewater sample containing COD, TP, suspended solids, and ammoniacal nitrogen was prepared to mimic the actual food processing wastewater as reported in the literature. The synthetic wastewater samples were formulated using analytical grade chemicals such as glucose anhydrous, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, kaolin, and ammonium chloride. The concentrations of the targeted parameters in the synthetic samples were first identified using the calibration curves. Then, this study was carried out in batch adsorption technique to determine the removal of COD and TP using varied adsorbent dosages between 100 mg/L to 500 mg/L. This study found that TP and COD were removed up to 75.04% and 15.5%, respectively, at the adsorbent dosage of 500 mg/L. Furthermore, the trend of TP and COD removals is increased as the adsorbent doses increased due to the availability of binding sites being higher at higher adsorbent dosage. Therefore, the results from this study suggest that spent tea leave has the potential to be used as an adsorbent to treat wastewater containing organic pollutants.
Study on Ammonia and Colour Removal from Leachate via Aerated Electrocoagulation (Ferum and Aluminium Electrode)
Authors: Anuar N K , Zin N S M , Zailani L W , Salleh S N A , Akbar N A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Untreated landfill leachate is harmful to the groundwater resources, environment, and human health. Therefore, proper treatment is needed. This study investigates the efficiency of the aerated electrocoagulation (AEC) method in removing ammonia (NH3-N) and colour in leachate under the influence of current density and to review the data from previous research on the removal of NH3-N and colour in AEC under the influence of pH and aeration rate. In this research, leachate samples from Simpang Renggam Landfill are used, and characterisation for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH, suspended solids (SS), colour, and NH3-N had been conducted. Ferum and aluminium electrodes with a dimension of 200 mm × 50 mm × 1 mm are used in this experiment. From the data obtained, the optimum current density for the removal of NH3-N and colour using AEC was at 200 A/m² with the percentage of removal 40.66% and 85.91%, respectively. For optimum pH and optimum aeration rate, the data was reviewed from the previous studies, and the maximum efficiency of NH3-N and colour removal from stabilised leached occurred at optimum conditions of pH 7 to 8 and 0.5 L/min-1.5 L/min aeration rate). Based on the observation and previous studies reviewed, aeration can increase the efficiency of NH3-N and colour removal in the electrocoagulation process.
MSMA Implementation Factors in Integrated Stormwater Management
Authors: Luqman Ismail Mohd , Meryam Shareh Musa Sharifah , Kasim Narimah , Zainal Rozlin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia (DID) released the Urban Stormwater Management Manual for Malaysia (MSMA) in 2000 as a guideline to address longterm national goals and priorities in ensuring that sustainable urban drainage systems are properly used. MSMA’s emphasis on control at source approaches may be divided into three categories: water quantity control, erosion and sediment control, and water quality control. As highlighted in the manual, a successful implementation of its principles and techniques though calls for involvement of various professionals including engineers, urban planners, environmental scientists, landscape architects and other professionals. Apart from civil engineers, not much known about the other professional’s involvement in the execution of MSMA. The development of comprehensive and adaptable techniques requires increased collaboration among a varied group of individuals engaged. However, progress toward more inclusive planning has been gradual, with technological and institutional lock-ins. Taking this into consideration, this paper discusses the findings of a survey carried out to assess the levels of understanding and involvement of urban planning professionals in the implementation of MSMA. The study was conducted using a questionnaire form approach in obtaining feedback from the respondents involved. Questionnaires designed to assess the levels of understanding and involvement of the urban planning professionals in MSMA were distributed to randomly selected urban planning professionals from government agencies and private firms. The responses were then tabulated and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The findings of the study are based on the highest mean values for each category in order of priority: policy management and action (3.800), education and marketing (3.732), cost and maintenance (3.646), and technological design (3.817). Based on this order of priorities can indicate the main factors that are obstacles to the effectiveness of the implementation of MSMA.
The Application of Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) Approach in Water Quality Assessment for The Batu Pahat River
Authors: Adnan MS , Roslen H , Samsuri S 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
An increased number of rivers categorized as polluted is alarming that their repercussions are so severe that the rivers can no longer be rehabilitated. This pollution might result from rapid urbanization and population growth, uncontrolled development, which produces a high volume of water pollution that is discharged into the river. Rapid development has led to a large discharge of point source (PS) and nonpoint source (NPS) pollution into the water supply. As a result, the deterioration in water quality, a decline of safe water supply, and the difficulties in accessing clean water have emerged as massive concerns for water authorities attempting to fulfill the increasing supply of clean water resources. To resolve these issues, several approaches were implemented to determine the best approach that could effectively control water quality pollution in Malaysia. One of the best methods that could be used to manage the water quality is Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL). TMDL seeks to establish or restrict the amounts of a pollutant allowed to enter the river and is assisted by identifying physical, chemical, and organic qualities in the river water body. In this study, six parameters were measured such as dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N), total suspended solids (TSS), and pH. QUAL2K software was utilized to model the water quality and test several scenarios to reduce the pollutant concentration. The analysis shows that the commercial sector poses the most contributor to the pollution loading (kg/day) in Batu Pahat River, mainly from workshop, wet market and restaurant. In addition, low tide flow produced a higher pollution load (kg/day) than high tide flow due to larger discharge during high flow. In conclusion, the development TMDL plan could improve water quality at the Batu Pahat River by analysing pollution loading reduction and future management of watersheds area.
Microbial Growth Rate and Distribution of Doubling Time at Different Concentration of Oil Sludge Medium
Authors: Zahari N Z , Tuah P M , Ali S A M , Sabullah M K 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Microorganisms play a critical part in the development of a sustainable ecosystem and biosphere. The generation time, which differs among bacteria is influenced by many environmental factors as well as the nature of the bacteria species. In this present work, the growth curves of five consortia locally isolated beneficial microorganisms (LIBeM) in mixtures of (LIBeM) Candida tropicalis-RETL-Cr1, Chromobacterium violaceum-MAB-Cr1, Pseudomonas aeruginosa-BAS-Cr1, Sphingomonas paucimobilis-RETOS-Cr1, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia-RAS-Cr1 were reported. A laboratory scale was conducted to observe the doubling time (dt) observed for each consortium LIBeM at varied concentration levels of oil sludge (2%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) v/v. After 24 hours of incubation, the growth of microorganisms was determined using spectrophotometer at 600nm and the standard growth profile were plotted according to the concentrations studied. The results showed that consortia LIBeM at 2% and 5% v/v oil sludge showed the similar growth pattern in the sigmoid curve over a 24-hour period. However, at 10%, 15%, and 20% (v/v) concentrations, the growth tendency is increased and remains consistent during the incubation period. Study on growth rate and doubling time (dt) had showed that Consortia 3 consists of C. tropicalis –RETL-Cr1+ S. maltophilia-RAS-Cr1+ P. aeruginosa-BAS-Cr1 performed the highest growth rate with 0.16 hour-1 and lowest doubling time (dt) of 4.41. This result is critical for determining the efficiency and tolerance of LIBeM for petroleum degradation at various concentration levels of oil sludge in real-world applications.
Food waste type and moisture content influence on the Hermetia illucens (L.), (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Larval Development and Survival
Authors: Khairuddin D , Ghafar S N A , Hassan S N F 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Black Soldier Fly (BSF) or its scientific name Hermetia Illucens is insect native to most tropical and subtropical region. The larvae (BSFL) are capable of eating almost any substrate supplied to it, making it one of the saprophagous insects that is very useful as a recycler. BSFL digests these substrates into a source of nutrients that help their growth. With biomass that is full of absorbed nutrients makes it rich in protein that is suitable as livestock feed. For this purpose, the composition of BSFL is important to be observed as it can affect their quality for further application. Usually, in further applications of BSFL, the weight of biomass is one of the criteria that can provide a good profit return. Therefore, identifying the appropriate type of food waste and the most economical way for the rearing process of BSF is important for this purpose. In this research, the larval growth and survival in the bio-conversion process were tested using two types of food waste with several levels of moisture contents. The two types of food waste were the vegetable trimming (VT) and left over (LO) food waste. The moisture contents for each type of food waste were adjusted to 60, 70 and 80% for three different replicated batch of larvae. The larvae of these different duplicated batch were sampled every day to measure their survival rate as well as changes in wet weight. Results obtained from this study indicate that, larvae supplied with 80% moisture content of food waste (VT and LO) showed the fastest growth rate (wet weight basis) compared to others. The result also suggest that the survival rate of the larvae was not significantly affected by the high content of moisture. It was found that the survival rate of BSFL were more than 95% throughout the experiment. As a conclusion, this study provides valuable insights for the profitable waste management industry employing the BSFL as agent of bioconversion for food waste recycling.
Highly efficient wavefront control based on extremely anisotropic materials
Authors: He Weicong , Zhu Shan , Hu Chuanjie , Hao Zhanlei , Liu Yineng , Chen Huanyang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a new strategy to design phase gradient metasurfaces (PGMs) are proposed. Using this way, we can achieve highly efficient control of the electromagnetic wavefronts. Specifically, we design reflection-type PGMs formed by an extremely anisotropic medium and a perfect electric conductor boundary. Instead of using refractive index distributions of materials to control the phases, we use a uniform anisotropic medium to control the reflection phases by changing the shape of the boundary. Using this strategy, three devices of the reflection focusing lens, the generator of the quasi airy beam and the PGMs have been realized, which show excellent performance in wavefront control. Our method is also suitable for the design of transmission-type metasurfaces and other wavefront transformations, which provides a novel approach for wave manipulation.
Ultrafast flash memory with large self-rectifying ratio based on atomically thin MoS2-channel transistor
Authors: Liu Liwei , Sun Yibo , Huang Xiaohe , Liu Chunsen , Tang Zhaowu , Zeng Senfeng , Zhang David Wei , Deng Shaozhi , Zhou Peng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Flash memory with high operation speed and stable retention performance is in great demand to meet the requirements of big data. In addition, the realisation of ultrafast flash memory with novel functions offers a means of combining heterogeneous components into a homogeneous device without considering impedance matching. This report proposes a 20 ns programme flash memory with 108 self-rectifying ratios based on a 0.65 nm-thick MoS2-channel transistor. A high-quality van der Waals heterojunction with a sharp interface is formed between the Cr/Au metal floating layer and h-BN tunnelling layer. In addition, the large rectification ratio and low ideality factor (n = 1.13) facilitate the application of the MoS2-channel flash memory as a bit-line select transistor. Finally, owing to the ultralow MoS2/h-BN heterojunction capacitance (50 fF), the memory device exhibits superior performance as a high-frequency (up to 1 MHz) sine signal rectifier. These results pave the way toward the potential utilisation of multifunctional memory devices in ultrafast two-dimensional NAND-flash applications.
CURC: a CUDA-based reference-free read compressor
Authors: Xie Shaohui , He Xiaotian , He Shan , Zhu Zexuan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMotivationThe data deluge of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) has posed great challenges to data storage and transfer. Many specific compression tools have been developed to solve this problem. However, most of the existing compressors are based on central processing unit (CPU) platform, which might be inefficient and expensive to handle large-scale HTS data. With the popularization of graphics processing units (GPUs), GPU-compatible sequencing data compressors become desirable to exploit the computing power of GPUs.ResultsWe present a GPU-accelerated reference-free read compressor, namely CURC, for FASTQ files. Under a GPU–CPU heterogeneous parallel scheme, CURC implements highly efficient lossless compression of DNA stream based on the pseudogenome approach and CUDA library. CURC achieves 2–6-fold speedup of the compression with competitive compression rate, compared with other state-of-the-art reference-free read compressors.Availability and implementationCURC can be downloaded from https://github.com/BioinfoSZU/CURC.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A Single Dose of BNT162b2 Messenger RNA Vaccine Induces Airway Immunity in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Naive and Recovered Coronavirus Disease 2019 Subjects
Authors: Martinuzzi Emanuela , Benzaquen Jonathan , Guerin Olivier , Leroy Sylvie , Simon Thomas , Ilie Marius , Hofman Véronique , Allegra Maryline , Tanga Virginie , Michel Emeline , Boutros Jacques , Maniel Charlotte , Sicard Antoine , Glaichenhaus Nicolas , Czerkinsky Cecil , Blancou Philippe , Hofman Paul , Marquette Charles H 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Mucosal antibodies can prevent virus entry and replication in mucosal epithelial cells and therefore virus shedding. Parenteral booster injection of a vaccine against a mucosal pathogen promotes stronger mucosal immune responses following prior mucosal infection compared with injections of a parenteral vaccine in a mucosally naive subject. We investigated whether this was also the case for the BNT162b2 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) messenger RNA vaccine.

Methods
Twenty recovered COVID-19 subjects (RCSs) and 23 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–naive subjects were vaccinated with, respectively, 1 and 2 doses of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine. Nasal epithelial lining fluid (NELF) and plasma were collected before and after vaccination and assessed for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibody levels to Spike and for their ability to neutralize binding of Spike to angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor. Blood was analyzed 1 week after vaccination for the number of Spike-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) with a mucosal tropism.

Results
All RCSs had both nasal and blood SARS-CoV-2–specific antibodies at least 90 days after initial diagnosis. In RCSs, a single dose of vaccine amplified preexisting Spike-specific IgG and IgA antibody responses in both NELF and blood against both vaccine homologous and variant strains, including Delta. These responses were associated with Spike-specific IgG and IgA ASCs with a mucosal tropism in blood. Nasal IgA and IgG antibody responses were lower in magnitude in SARS-CoV-2–naive subjects after 2 vaccine doses compared with RCSs after 1 dose.

Conclusions
Mucosal immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein is higher in RCSs after a single vaccine dose compared with SARS-CoV-2–naive subjects after 2 doses.