bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine mapping and marker development for the wheat leaf rust resistance gene Lr32
Authors: Sharma Jyoti Saini , McCartney Curt A , McCallum Brent D , Hiebert Colin W 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Wheat leaf rust is caused by the fungal pathogen Puccinia triticina and is one of the wheat diseases of concern globally. Among the known leaf rust resistance genes (Lr) genes, Lr32 is a broadly effective gene derived from the diploid species Aegilops tauschii coss. accession RL5497-1 and has been genetically mapped to chromosome arm 3DS. However, Lr32 resistance has not been utilized in current cultivars in part due to the lack of modern, predictive DNA markers. The goals of this study were to fine map the Lr32 region and develop SNP-based kompetitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction markers. The genomic analysis was conducted by using doubled haploid and F2-derived mapping populations. For marker development, a 90K wheat chip array, 35K and 820K Axiom R SNPs, A. tauschii pseudomolecules v4.0 and International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium ReqSeq v2.1 reference genomes were used. Total 28 kompetitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction and 2 simple sequence repeat markers were developed. The Lr32 region was fine mapped between kompetitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction markers Kwh142 and Kwh355 that flanked 34–35 Mb of the diploid and hexaploid reference genomes. Leaf rust resistance mapped as a Mendelian trait that cosegregated with 20 markers, recombination restriction limited the further resolution of the Lr32 region. A total of 10–11 candidate genes associated with disease resistance were identified between the flanking regions on both reference genomes, with the majority belonging to the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat gene family. The validation analysis selected 2 kompetitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction markers, Kwh147 and Kwh722, for marker-assisted selection. The presence of Lr32 along with other Lr genes such as Lr67 and Lr34 would increase the resistance in future wheat breeding lines and have a high impact on controlling wheat leaf rust.
Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Differences in a Deficit Accumulation Frailty Index in the Multiethnic Cohort Study
Authors: Wu Anna H , Setiawan V Wendy , Stram Daniel O , Crimmins Eileen M , Tseng Chiu-Chen , Lim Unhee , Park Song-Yi , White Kami K , Cheng Iona , Haiman Christopher A , Wilkens Lynne R , Le Marchand Loïc 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Frailty status has been sparsely studied in some groups including Native Hawaiians and Asian Americans.

Methods
We developed a questionnaire-based deficit accumulation frailty index (FI) in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) and examined frailty status (robust, FI 0 to &lt;0.2, prefrail, FI 0.2 to &lt;0.35, and frail FI ≥ 0.35) among 29 026 men and 40 756 women.

Results
After adjustment for age, demographic, lifestyle factors, and chronic conditions, relative to White men, odds of being frail was significantly higher (34%–54%) among African American, Native Hawaiian, and other Asian American men, whereas odds was significantly lower (36%) in Japanese American men and did not differ in Latino men. However, among men who had high school or less, none of the groups displayed significantly higher odds of prefrail or frail compared with White men. Relative to White women, odds of being frail were significantly higher (14%–33%) in African American and Latino women, did not differ for other Asian American women and lower (14%–36%) in Native Hawaiian and Japanese American women. These racial and ethnic differences in women were observed irrespective of education. Risk of all-cause mortality was higher in prefrail and frail men than robust men (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.69, 1.59–1.81; HR = 3.27, 3.03–3.53); results were similar in women. All-cause mortality was significantly positively associated with frailty status and frailty score across all sex, race, and ethnic groups,

Conclusions
Frailty status differed significantly by race and ethnicity and was consistently associated with all-cause mortality. The FI may be a useful tool for aging studies in this multiethnic population.
Blueprint for Future Research Advancing the Study of Sexuality, Gender, and Equity in Later Life: Lessons Learned From Aging With Pride, The National Health, Aging, and Sexuality/Gender Study (NHAS)
Authors: Fredriksen-Goldsen Karen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhile interest in sexuality\research is growing, in the past, it has been largely invisible in gerontology. By exploring the full range and dimensions of sexuality and their interrelationships with multiple factors, this article presents conceptual, substantive, and methodological advances for the field of sexuality in later life. Based on the Sexual Equity Framework, an extension of the Health Equity Promotion Model, this article highlights the heterogeneity and intersectionality of sexuality across the life course, examining how historical and contemporary contexts frame key dimensions of sexuality at multiple levels (intrapersonal, interpersonal, sociocultural, and structural) and their relationship with sexual quality of life. Utilizing findings from Aging with Pride: National Health, Aging and Sexuality/Gender Study, the heterogeneity and intersectionality of age, gender, race, and ethnicity are critical to understanding sexuality and its dimensions in later life. Many adults experience changes in sexual and gender identities over time. Affirming sexual and gender identities, social connections, and health-promoting behaviors are positively associated with sexual quality of life, while sexual stigma and marginalization have adverse consequences. The study of sexuality needs to be fully integrated into gerontology. The Sexual Equity Framework explicates the potential deleterious effect of historical and contemporary structures on sexuality as well the important roles of affirmation, agency, and resilience among older adults, and recognizes the important role of human rights to advance sexual quality of life. Important directions for future research, practices, and policies are outlined.
Investigation of carbon fiber anode materials for collector-free lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Jian , Cheng Wenjie , Zhang Ruiming , Zeng Tingwei , Lei Yuban , Zhao Hailei , Luo Dawei 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) play a key role in grid-scale energy storage, making the development of LIBs with higher gravimetric energy density a necessity. Reducing the mass of the inactive collector component or even removing the collector altogether is important for improving energy density. This work proposes a 3D network electrode constructed based on the linear structure of carbon fiber (CF), which is directly used as an anode material without using a copper foil collector, and compared with the existing graphite anode material. The results show that CF has better rate performance, and the specific capacity of CF at high loading (1.3 mg/cm2) increases to a different degree along with the initial cycle. The comprehensive performance of the full battery assembled with CF electrode as the anode and LiFePO4 as the cathode shows that its overall energy density is higher than that of the graphite/LiFePO4 battery. The energy densities of CF/LiFePO4 and Graphite/LiFePO4 after 10 cycles at 0.1A/g current density were 198.7 Wh/kg and 132.7 Wh/kg, respectively. The energy density and power density of CF/LiFePO4 at other current densities are also greater than those of Graphite/LiFePO4.
Security, Terrorism, and Territorial Withdrawal: Critically Reassessing the Lessons of Israel's “Unilateral Disengagement” from the Gaza Strip
Authors: Geist Pinfold Rob 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In contemporary Israel, the apparently negative consequences of the 2005 “unilateral disengagement” from the Gaza Strip have fueled a perception that leaving territory harms national security. Three claims underlie this framing: (1) domestic Israeli political considerations—not national security concerns—caused the disengagement; (2) Israel abandoned territory without receiving any compensation; and (3) leaving Gaza only precipitated further terrorist attacks. This article challenges these claims. It argues that domestic dynamics alone do not explain the withdrawal. Instead, Israel withdrew to mitigate its casualties, yield foreign policy gains, deter and deny terrorist groups, and avert a perceived demographic threat. The disengagement did not seek to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Instead, through a limited territorial exit, it sought to stabilize the conflict and stymie negotiations with the Palestinians. In contrast to dominant perceptions, Israel achieved all of these objectives. Furthermore, it was Israel's post-disengagement policies that precipitated most of the recent security threats, not the withdrawal itself. These findings reassess the disengagement's goals and efficacy. They demonstrate that in contrast to popular perceptions in Israel today, the Gaza disengagement neither was a strategic blunder nor does it exemplify that territorial withdrawal constitutes a flawed policy choice.
Liposomal amikacin and Mycobacterium abscessus: intimate interactions inside eukaryotic cells
Authors: Le Moigne Vincent , Blouquit-Laye Sabine , Desquesnes Aurore , Girard-Misguich Fabienne , Herrmann Jean-Louis 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Mycobacterium abscessus (Mabs), a rapidly growing Mycobacterium species, is considered an MDR organism. Among the standard antimicrobial multi-drug regimens against Mabs, amikacin is considered as one of the most effective. Parenteral amikacin, as a consequence of its inability to penetrate inside the cells, is only active against extracellular mycobacteria. The use of inhaled liposomal amikacin may yield improved intracellular efficacy by targeting Mabs inside the cells, while reducing its systemic toxicity.

Objectives
To evaluate the colocalization of an amikacin liposomal inhalation suspension (ALIS) with intracellular Mabs, and then to measure its intracellular anti-Mabs activity.

Methods
We evaluated the colocalization of ALIS with Mabs in eukaryotic cells such as macrophages (THP-1 and J774.2) or pulmonary epithelial cells (BCi-NS1.1 and MucilAir), using a fluorescent ALIS and GFP-expressing Mabs, to test whether ALIS reaches intracellular Mabs. We then evaluated the intracellular anti-Mabs activity of ALIS inside macrophages using cfu and/or luminescence.

Results
Using confocal microscopy, we demonstrated fluorescent ALIS and GFP-Mabs colocalization in macrophages and epithelial cells. We also showed that ALIS was active against intracellular Mabs at a concentration of 32 to 64 mg/L, at 3 and 5 days post-infection. Finally, ALIS intracellular activity was confirmed when tested against 53 clinical Mabs isolates, showing intracellular growth reduction for nearly 80% of the isolates.

Conclusions
Our experiments demonstrate the intracellular localization and intracellular contact between Mabs and ALIS, and antibacterial activity against intracellular Mabs, showing promise for its future use for Mabs pulmonary infections.
Emodin coupled with high LET neutron beam—a novel approach to treat on glioblastoma
Authors: Kim Jeong-Yub , Jung Chan-Woong , Lee Won Seok , Jeong Hyeon-Jeong , Park Myung-Jin , Jang Won Il , Kim Eun Ho 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The primary motivation of this investigative study is trying to find an alternative treatment that can be used to slow down or treat glioblastoma due to the witnessed toxic side effects of the current drugs coupled with limited effectiveness in overall treatment. Consequently, a Chinese plant extract emodin proves to play a critical role in this investigative study since results from the Western blot and the other accompanying assays for anti-cancer effects indicate that it cannot work a lot to suppress cell migration and possible invasion, but rather emodin can be combined with radiation to give desired outcomes. Our result shows that the kind of radiation which acts well with emodin is neutron radiation rather than gamma radiation. Emodin significantly enhanced the radiosensitivity of LN18 and LN428 cells to γ-rays through MTT assay and cell counting. Accordingly, exposure to neutron radiation in the presence of emodin induced apoptotic cell death and autophagic cell death to a significantly higher extent, and suppressed cell migration and invasiveness more robustly. These effects are presumably due to the ability of emodin to amplify the effective dose from neutron radiation more efficiently. Thus, the study below is one such trial towards new interventional discovery and development in relation to glioblastoma treatment.
GhROP6 GTPase modulates auxin accumulation in cotton fibers by regulating cell-specific GhPIN3a localization
Authors: Xi Jing , Zeng Jianyan , Fu Xingxian , Zhang Liuqin , Li Gailing , Li Baoxia , Yan Xingying , Chu Qingqing , Xiao Yuehua , Pei Yan , Zhang Mi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPIN-FORMED- (PIN) mediated polar auxin transport plays a predominant role in most auxin-triggered organogenesis in plants. Global control of PIN polarity at the plasma membrane contributes to the essential establishment of auxin maxima in most multicellular tissues. However, establishment of auxin maxima in single cells is poorly understood. Cotton fibers, derived from ovule epidermal cells by auxin-triggered cell protrusion, provide an ideal model to explore the underlying mechanism. Here, we report that cell-specific degradation of GhPIN3a, which guides the establishment of the auxin gradient in cotton ovule epidermal cells, is associated with the preferential expression of GhROP6 GTPase in fiber cells. In turn, GhROP6 reduces GhPIN3a abundance at the plasma membrane and facilitates intracellular proteolysis of GhPIN3a. Overexpression and activation of GhROP6 promote cell elongation, resulting in a substantial improvement in cotton fiber length.
Evolutionary and functional analysis reveals the crucial roles of receptor-like proteins in resistance to Valsa canker in Rosaceae
Authors: Yu Hongqiang , Sun E , Mao Xia , Chen Zhongjian , Xu Tong , Zuo Longgang , Jiang Daji , Cao Yanan , Zuo Cunwu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Rosaceae is an economically important plant family that can be affected by a multitude of pathogenic microbes, some of which can cause dramatic losses in production. As a type of pattern-recognition receptor, receptor-like proteins (RLPs) are considered vital regulators of plant immunity. Based on genome-wide identification, bioinformatic analysis, and functional determination, we investigated the evolutionary characteristics of RLPs, and specifically those that regulate Valsa canker, a devastating fungal disease affecting apple and pear production. A total of 3028 RLPs from the genomes of 19 species, including nine Rosaceae, were divided into 24 subfamilies. Five subfamilies and seven co-expression modules were found to be involved in the responses to Valsa canker signals of the resistant pear rootstock Pyrus betulifolia ‘Duli-G03’. Fourteen RLPs were subsequently screened as candidate genes for regulation of resistance. Among these, PbeRP23 (Chr13.g24394) and PbeRP27 (Chr16.g31400) were identified as key resistance genes that rapidly enhance the resistance of ‘Duli-G03’ and strongly initiate immune responses, and hence they have potential for further functional exploration and breeding applications for resistance to Valsa canker. In addition, as a consequence of this work we have established optimal methods for the classification and screening of disease-resistant RLPs.
Rotation measure structure functions with higher-order stencils as a probe of small-scale magnetic fluctuations and its application to the Small and Large Magellanic Clouds
Authors: Seta Amit , Federrath Christoph , Livingston Jack D , McClure-Griffiths N M 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTMagnetic fields and turbulence are important components of the interstellar medium (ISM) of star-forming galaxies. It is challenging to measure the properties of the small-scale ISM magnetic fields (magnetic fields at scales smaller than the turbulence driving scale). Using numerical simulations, we demonstrate how the second-order rotation measure (RM, which depends on thermal electron density, ne, and magnetic field, b) structure function can probe the properties of small-scale b. We then apply our results to observations of the Small and Large Magellanic Clouds (SMC and LMC). First, using Gaussian random b, we show that the characteristic scale, where the RM structure function flattens is approximately equal to the correlation length of b. We also show that computing the RM structure function with a higher-order stencil (more than the commonly-used two-point stencil) is necessary to accurately estimate the slope of the structure function. Then, using Gaussian random b and lognormal ne with known power spectra, we derive an empirical relationship between the slope of the power spectrum of b, ne, and RM. We apply these results to the SMC and LMC and estimate the following properties of small-scale b: correlation length (160 ± 21 pc for the SMC and 87 ± 17 pc for the LMC), strength (14 ± 2 $\mu {\rm G}$ for the SMC and 15 ± 3 $\mu {\rm G}$ for the LMC), and slope of the magnetic power spectrum (−1.3 ± 0.4 for the SMC and −1.6 ± 0.1 for the LMC). We also find that ne is practically constant over the estimated b correlation scales.
A general relativistic mass-to-distance ratio for a set of megamaser AGN black holes
Authors: Villaraos D , Herrera-Aguilar A , Nucamendi U , González-Juárez G , Lizardo-Castro R 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
In this work, we perform a Bayesian statistical fit to estimate the mass-to-distance ratio and the recessional redshift of 10 different black holes hosted at the centre of active galactic nuclei, namely the galaxies NGC 5765b, NGC 6323, UGC 3789, CGCG 074−064, ESO 558−G009, NGC 2960, NGC 6264, NGC 4388, J0437+2456, and NGC 2273. Our general relativistic method makes use of the positions in the sky and frequency shift observations of water megamasers circularly orbiting the central black hole on their accretion discs. This approach also allows us to quantify the gravitational redshift that is not considered in a Newtonian analysis. The gravitational redshift of the megamasers closest to the black hole is found to be within the range 1–6 km s−1. The order of the fitted black hole masses corresponds to supermassive black holes and lies on the range 106−107M⊙.
Dynamics and Mechanisms of ERK Activation after Different Protocols that Induce Long-Term Synaptic Facilitation in Aplysia
Authors: Zhang Yili , Liu Rong-Yu , Smolen Paul , Cleary Leonard J , Byrne John H 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Phosphorylation of the MAPK family member extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) is required to induce long-term synaptic plasticity, but little is known about its persistence. We examined ERK activation by three protocols that induce long-term synaptic facilitation (LTF) of the Aplysia sensorimotor synapse – the standard protocol (five 5-min pulses of 5-HT with interstimulus intervals (ISIs) of 20 min), the enhanced protocol (five pulses with irregular ISIs, which induces greater and longer-lasting LTF) and the two-pulse protocol (two pulses with ISI 45 min). Immunofluorescence revealed complex ERK activation. The standard and two-pulse protocols immediately increased active, phosphorylated ERK (pERK), which decayed within 5 h. A second wave of increased pERK was detected 18 h post-treatment for all protocols. This late phase was blocked by inhibitors of protein kinase A, TrkB and TGF-β. These results suggest that complex interactions among kinase pathways and growth factors contribute to the late increase of pERK. ERK activity returned to basal 24 h after the standard or two-pulse protocols, but remained elevated 24 h for the enhanced protocol. This 24-h elevation was also dependent on PKA and TGF-β, and partly on TrkB. These results begin to characterize long-lasting ERK activation, plausibly maintained by positive feedback involving growth factors and PKA, that appears essential to maintain LTF and LTM. Because many processes involved in LTF and late LTP are conserved among Aplysia and mammals, these findings highlight the importance of examining the dynamics of kinase cascades involved in vertebrate long-term memory.
The Microstructural Record of Emplacement, Inflation and Convection of Sills, Lava Flows and Lakes
Authors: Holness Marian B , Neufeld Jerome 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The stratigraphic variation of plagioclase grain shape in the marginal regions of tabular bodies of magma provides a record of the balance of heat loss into the surroundings and heat brought into the body by magma flow during inflation and propagation. This record has the potential to constrain the amount of magma flow past any point in a sill, enabling mapping the construction of any extensive sill network. The variation of plagioclase grain shape in lava lakes may preserve a detailed history of lake filling, whereas the history of inflation of a thick ponded flood basalt flow is likely to be lost by melt-back of any early formed chill during prolonged flow at the base. Convection sufficiently vigorous to entrain crystals from the marginal solidification fronts is recorded by stratigraphic invariance of plagioclase grain shape and is not generally found in sills: instead, plagioclase grain shape varies with stratigraphic height, attesting to a predominance of in situ plagioclase nucleation and growth at the intrusion margins. While the stratigraphic variation of plagioclase grain shape in sills thinner than ~100 m is symmetrical, that in thicker sills varies in an asymmetric way with stratigraphic height, suggestive of a slower rate of inwards propagation of the roof solidification front compared to the floor, most likely indicative of moderately vigorous convection. Sills are generally finer grained than dykes of the same thickness, regardless of whether the spatial variation of plagioclase shape is consistent with convection during solidification: this is likely to be a consequence of a greater extent of Ostwald ripening of suspended grains during long-lived convection in vertically extensive dykes.
Kelyphite Textures Experimentally Reproduced through Garnet Breakdown in the Presence of a Melt Phase
Authors: Ezad Isra S , Dobson David P , Thomson Andrew R , Jennings Eleanor S , Hunt Simon A , Brodholt John P 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Complex multiphase reaction rims that form during garnet breakdown are known as kelyphite coronae and are common amongst exhumed mantle xenoliths. It has long been established that a reaction of garnet and olivine produces kelyphite corona consisting of spinel and pyroxenes, and that preservation of high-pressure garnet cores requires sufficiently rapid uplift of material through the spinel lherzolite stability field from depths of at least 60 km. We present new high-pressure, high-temperature experiments of garnet breakdown in the spinel–lherzolite stability field demonstrating that a series of cascading reactions can reproduce the multilayer, multiphase kelyphites seen in nature. In all experiments where breakdown occurred, a melt appears to have moderated the reactions towards equilibrium; we believe this to be the first experimental confirmation of the importance of such melts in garnet breakdown reactions. In our experiments at least three distinct zones of concentric kelyphite growth can occur at a single pressure, temperature condition; we suggest, therefore, that such kelyphites seen in natural samples do not have to be caused by a multistage uplift path as is often assumed. Kelyphitic coronae surrounding garnet have previously been used to estimate uplift rates; however, the lack of kinetic data for relevant exhumation reactions has limited their use for PTt pathway estimations and the understanding of emplacement mechanisms. In order to constrain accurate PTt pathways we use reaction rim thickness as a proxy for reaction progress and present preliminary results for the kinetics of garnet breakdown.