bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hematological Parameters to Predict the Severity of Hyperemesis Gravidarum and Ketonuria
Authors: Aslan Mehmet Musa , Yeler Mustafa Taner , Bıyık İsmail , Yuvacı Hilal Uslu , Cevrioğlu Arif Serhan , Özden Selcuk 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a pregnancy complication that can progress with persistent nausea and vomiting. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the relationship between hematological parameters and HG.
Method A total of 532 pregnant women with HG who were admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology between March 2019 and February 2021, and 534 healthy pregnant women with characteristics similar to those of the case group were included in the study. The hematological parameters of both groups were compared. In addition, the hematological parametersof patients with HG according to the severity of ketonuria were compared.
Results The mean age of the HG group (n = 532) was 26.3 ±  4.1 years, and that of the control group (n = 534) was 25.9 ±  4.8 years. Among patients with HG, 46% (n = 249) had ketone (+), 33% (n = 174), ketone (++), and 21% (n = 109), ketone (++ + ). The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were higher in the HG group than in the control group: 3.8 (2.8–5.8)/3.2 (2.6–4.0); p < 0.001; and 135.2 ±  30.4/108.9 ±  62.2; p < 0.001 respectively. The neutrophil count, NLR, and PLR were higher in the group with ketone (++ + ) than in the groups with ketone (+) or ketone (++): 7.6 ±  1.9/5.5 ±  2.4; p < 0.001; 3.8(2.8–4.6)/2.9(2.3–3.6); p < 0.001; and 149.9 ±  48.0/135.9 ±  65.7; p < 0.001 respectively. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) level, the NLR, and the PLR were identified as independent predictors of the presence of HG and the level of ketone positivity in HG patients.
Conclusion The NLR and PLR were high in patients with HG, suggesting the its inflammatory activity. They may be important markers associated with the presence and severity of HG.
Is it racism? The belief in cultural superiority across Europe
Authors: Bratt Christopher 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Are Europeans racist if they maintain that some cultures are superior? Theorists of cultural racism argue so and suggest that modern racism in Europe is expressed as a belief in cultural superiority. But this claim has been based on theoretical arguments, not on empirical tests. The current research investigated how widespread a belief in cultural superiority was in European countries and tested how such a belief related to biological racism. Analyses of data from the European Social Survey (21 countries, total N &gt; 33,000) showed large differences across countries in tendencies to endorse the belief in cultural superiority. But in nearly all countries, a factor model consistent with the theory of cultural racism had much better support than a factor model building on the assumption that culturalism is distinct from racism. Even when the factor analysis was able to maintain a distinction between racism and culturalism, the two factors had a very strong correlation. The present research suggests that although a belief in cultural superiority may harbour different views, expressed beliefs in cultural superiority and cultural concerns are strongly associated with traditional racism.
Effect of ischemic preconditioning on maximum accumulated oxygen deficit in 400‐meter runners
Authors: Chen Yuyang , Yang Junchao , Muradov Orhan , Li Xinyuan , Lee Jason Kai Wei , Qiu Junqiang 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTThe main aim of this study was to examine the influence of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD). We conducted a three‐arm and assessor‐blinded randomized, controlled crossover study. Sixteen 400‐meter running male athletes (19.9 ± 1.3 years; 1.78 ± 0.05 m; 67.9 ± 5.5 kg) completed three supramaximal intensity tests separated with Control, Local (legs), and Remote (arms) IPC interventions. IPC was induced on the limbs on both sides (4×5 min alternating unilateral occlusion 220 mmHg and reperfusion; arms or thighs; right side first) before participants performed the supramaximal intensity test on a treadmill at 110% VO2max intensity to exhaustion. During each test, indices of respiratory gas exchange, blood lactate, and heart rate were determined. The MAOD was calculated as the difference between the theoretical VO2 demand and the actual VO2 during the supramaximal intensity test. Differences from three trials were analyzed using ANOVA with repeated measures. IPC increased MAOD (RIPC, 59 ± 17 ml/kg/min, p = 0.018; LIPC, 57 ± 15 ml/kg/min, p = 0.037; p < 0.05) compared with Control (49 ± 9 ml/kg/min). Time to exhaustion was enhanced after IPC (Control: 257.2 ± 69.5 s, RIPC, 292.3 ± 66.6 s, p = 0.048; LIPC, 291.6 ± 79.2 s, p = 0.042; p < 0.05). In contrast, the enhancements of RIPC and LIPC trials were similar (p = 1.000). Blood lactate concentrations were similar across the three intervention conditions (p > 0.05). Acute IPC improved MAOD and supramaximal intensity exercise capacity in 400‐meter running athletes. The increased MAOD indicated greater anaerobic capacity, which can be the potential mediator for improvement in exhaustion time.Highlights
Ischemic preconditioning may improve the exhaustion time of supramaximal intensity running in well‐trained 400‐meter middle distance athletes.
Acute IPC may be beneficial to anaerobic exercise capacity as the maximal accumulated oxygen deficit increases after IPC.
Acute IPC occlusion on the upper arms or thighs may improve anaerobic capacity.
Analysis of the inverse Born series: an approach through geometric function theory
Authors: Hoskins Jeremy G , Schotland John C 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We analyze the convergence and approximation error of the inverse Born series, obtaining results that hold under qualitatively weaker conditions than previously known. Our approach makes use of tools from geometric function theory in Banach spaces. An application to the inverse scattering problem with diffuse waves is described.
Emission enhancement of femtosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy using vortex beam
Authors: Wang Qiuyun , Dang Weijie , Jiang Yuanfei , Chen Anmin , Jin Mingxing 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper used femtosecond Gaussian and vortex beams to ablate a Cu target and generate Cu plasmas. A Gaussian beam pulse is shaped into a vortex beam by a vortex wave plate (topological charge m = 1). The spectral intensity of Cu plasmas produced by the two lasers was measured, finding that the spectra with vortex beam were stronger than that with Gaussian beam. The spectral intensity was doubled by simply changing the Gaussian beam into the vortex beam. In addition, the position for maximum Cu atomic line emission along with the laser path was closer to the position of focusing-lens with increasing laser energy. Finally, the Boltzmann plot calculated the plasma temperature, finding that the plasma temperature with the vortex beam was also higher than that with the Gaussian beam. The results indicated that vortex beams could improve the spectral intensity of the femtosecond laser-induced plasmas.
Kohn anomalies in topological insulator thin films: first-principles study
Authors: Ghim Minjae , Jhi Seung-Hoon 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Kohn anomaly is a non-smooth phonon softening induced by electron–phonon coupling in low-dimensional metals. Some measurements claimed that Kohn anomalies are present in topological materials due to the Dirac fermions in the bulk or in the surface. However, first-principles calculations have not reproduced the Kohn anomalies, especially, on the surface of topological insulators. It is still unclear about the origin of the controversy for the existence of the Kohn anomaly whether it is a numerical shortcoming or misinterpretation in measurement. In this study, we investigate the surface Kohn anomaly in two topological insulators Bi2Se3 and SnSe using the state-of-the-art Wannier interpolation schemes. We find that Bi2Se3 exhibits the Kohn anomaly but only in the bulk-like phonon modes by structural confinement along the c-axis. Interestingly, SnSe exhibits the surface Kohn anomaly in support of the experimental report on Pb0.7Sn0.3Se. We show that double Dirac cones in SnSe surface states are responsible for the Kohn anomaly, which is even enhanced if the subsurface states are partially occupied.
Real-time identification of performance degradation stages of rolling element bearings by RVCFI
Authors: Meng Jiadong , Yan Changfeng , Wen Tao , Wang Zonggang , Chen Guangyi , Wu Lixiao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The rolling element bearing is a critical component, and its fault results in most of the faults in rotary machines. The performance condition monitoring of bearings can improve the safety of equipment and can provide a reasonable maintenance plan at the optimal time. To identify the initial fault time (IFT) and performance degradation stages of a bearing based on the sampling signal from the start to the current time in real time, the monitoring indicator of the initial fault (MIIF) and the monitoring indicator of the degradation stages (MIDS) are constructed. Firstly, multiple features with stable and high robustness are calculated based on the envelope spectrum of the vibration signal. And these features are standardized and integrated by the weighted-sum of multiple standardized features into a fused indicator. Then, the online variation coefficient of the fused indicator and its rate are calculated. Finally, the MIIF and MIDS can be obtained using the variation coefficient and cumulative sum based on the rate of the variation coefficient of the fused indicator, respectively. Meanwhile, the adaptivity and versatility of the multi-resolution singular value decomposition algorithm are also improved. The proposed methods are verified using two public tested data packets. It is shown from the results that the methods are able to efficiently identify the IFT and performance degradation stages of a bearing in a timely manner.
Lightweight edge-attention network for surface-defect detection of rubber seal rings
Authors: Huang Ziyi , Hu Haijun , Shen Zhiyuan , Zhang Yu , Zhang Xiaowu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Detection of surface defects is an essential step to ensure the quality and reliability of rubber seal-ring products. Machine vision inspection methods have received attention from engineers because they are beneficial in terms of the detection speed or detection accuracy. It is important to simultaneously guarantee high speed and high accuracy of defect detection in practice production. Considering this problem, in this paper, we propose a YOLO-based (You Only Look Once) lightweight neural network with edge-attention fusion for defect detection of rubber rings. First, an edge-attention block is integrated into the network to improve the detection accuracy. The edge images are weighted with attention weights and summarized with feature maps in the block. Second, an involution-based feature pyramid structure is proposed to reduce the network size and computational cost by using a new involution operator, instead of a convolution operator, at the bottleneck of the feature pyramid. Comparison of the proposed network with popular YOLO networks was performed based on a rubber-ring-image dataset with 138 images. The network achieved the highest detection accuracy and fastest speed among selected lightweight networks, including YOLOv3-tiny, YOLOv5-s, and YOLOX-s. Moreover, compared with the large and highly accurate YOLOv3-spp network, the network size decreased by 93.45% and the computational cost decreased by 91.46%, while average precision only decreased by 3.41%. It can be concluded that the YOLO-based lightweight neural network reaches a good balance between detection speed and detection accuracy.
A novel 3-DoF piezoelectric robotic pectoral fin: design, simulation, and experimental investigation
Authors: Liu Rui , Wang Liang , Jin Jiamei , Zhao Heng , Zhang Anti , Chen Di 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The fish pectoral fins, which play a vital role for fish swimming mobility, can perform three degree-of-freedom movements (rowing, feathering, and flapping motions), promoting that a lot of bionic robotic pectoral fins have been proposed and developed. However, these developed robotic pectoral fins driven by electromagnetic motors or smart materials still cannot fully realize the aforementioned three movement modes. To solve this problem, a novel piezoelectric robotic pectoral fin based on the converse piezoelectric effect and friction drive principle is proposed in this study, to achieve the three motion modes. Using a piezoelectric actuator, the robotic pectoral fin can be driven to move with three degree-of-freedom motion modes. Firstly, the overall structures of the proposed piezoelectric robotic pectoral fin and the designed piezoelectric actuator are explained in detailed. Additionally, a finite element simulation and a combination of vibration measurement and impedance analysis experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed piezoelectric actuator. Finally, an experimental investigation is conducted to evaluate output performances of the robotic pectoral fin prototype. Experimental results indicated that (a) the maximum average velocities of the rowing and flapping motions of the pectoral fin prototype under an excitation voltage of 550 Vpp are 290 and 241.7 deg s−1, respectively, and the maximum rotation speed of the feathering motion is 6.03 deg s−1; (b) the maximum output forces of the rowing and flapping motions of the pectoral fin are 2.156 and 2.107 N, respectively; (c) rowing motion start stop response times are 13 and 10.6 ms, flapping motion start and stop response times are 14.2 and 9.2 ms, and feathering motion start/stop response times are 34 and 56.8 ms, respectively.
Production of strange hadrons in jets and underlying events in pp and p–Pb collisions with ALICE
Authors: Cui Pengyao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The production of strange (

K

S

0

, Λ) and multi-strange (Ξ± and Ω±) hadrons in jets and underlying events in pp and p–Pb collisions is studied with ALICE at the LHC. Transverse momentum (p
T) differential density distribution of particles produced in a jet is compared to that of inclusive particle production and that in underlying events. The particle yield ratios of

(
Λ
+

Λ

¯

)

/

2

K

S

0

and

(

Ξ

−

+

Ξ

¯

+

)

/

(
Λ
+

Λ

¯

)

as a function of p
T are also investigated in jets and underlying events. The production of the multi-strange hadrons, Ξ± and Ω±, and the corresponding ratio in jets and underlying events are measured for the first time. The p
T-differential density distribution of hadrons associated with hard scattering decreases slower than that for inclusive production. The baryon-to-meson and baryon-to-baryon ratios measured in jets exhibit clear differences from values obtained from the inclusive spectra in the intermediate p
T range. The p
T distribution of strange hadrons produced in jets is also studied in pp collisions at

s

=
13

TeV

and

s

=
7

TeV

and in p–Pb collisions at

s

NN

=
5.02

TeV

. The p
T spectra of particle produced in jets are independent of collision systems and collision energies. No apparent collision energy and collision system dependence is observed for the particle yield ratios of

(
Λ
+

Λ

¯

)

/

2

K

S

0

and

(

Ξ

−

+

Ξ

¯

+

)

/

(
Λ
+

Λ

¯

)

associated with energetic jets. These new results are compared to PYTHIA 8 event generator. The

(
Λ
+

Λ

¯

)

/

2

K

S

0

ratio are generally reproduced by the model, but large discrepancies between data and PYTHIA simulations are observed for

(

Ξ

−

+

Ξ

¯

+

)

/

(
Λ
+

Λ

¯

)

.
Polynomial α-attractors
Authors: Kallosh Renata , Linde Andrei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Inflationary α-attractor models can be naturally implemented in supergravity with hyperbolic geometry. They have stable predictions for observables, such as ns
= 1 - 2/Ne
, assuming that the potential in terms of the original geometric variables, as well as its derivatives, are not singular at the boundary of the hyperbolic disk, or half-plane. In these models, the potential in the canonically normalized inflaton field φ has a plateau, which is approached exponentially fast at large φ. We call them exponential α-attractors. We present a closely related class of models, where the potential is not singular, but its derivative is singular at the boundary. The resulting inflaton potential is also a plateau potential, but it approaches the plateau polynomially. We call them polynomial α-attractors. Predictions of these two families of attractors completely cover the sweet spot of the Planck/BICEP/Keck data. The exponential ones are on the left, the polynomial are on the right.
Modulation instability analysis of Rossby waves based on (2 + 1)-dimensional high-order Schrödinger equation
Authors: Wang Cong , Li Jingjing , Yang Hongwei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Modulational instability is an important area of research with important practical and theoretical significance in fluid mechanics, optics, plasma physics, and military and communication engineering. In this paper, using multiscale analysis and a perturbation expansion method, starting from the quasi-geostrophic potential vortex equation, a new (2 + 1)-dimensional high-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation describing Rossby waves in stratified fluids is obtained. Based on this equation, conditions for the occurrence of modulational instability of Rossby waves are analyzed. Moreover, the effects of factors such as the dimension and order of the equation and the latitude at which Rossby waves occur on modulational instability are discussed. It is found that the (2 + 1)-dimensional equation provides a good description of the modulational instability of Rossby waves on a plane. The high-order terms affect the modulational instability, and it is found that instability is more likely to occur at high latitudes.
Numerical methods to evaluate Koopman matrix from system equations*
Authors: Ohkubo Jun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Koopman operator is beneficial for analyzing nonlinear and stochastic dynamics; it is linear but infinite-dimensional, and it governs the evolution of observables. The extended dynamic mode decomposition (EDMD) is one of the famous methods in the Koopman operator approach. The EDMD employs a data set of snapshot pairs and a specific dictionary to evaluate an approximation for the Koopman operator, i.e., the Koopman matrix. In this study, we focus on stochastic differential equations, and a method to obtain the Koopman matrix is proposed. The proposed method does not need any data set, which employs the original system equations to evaluate some of the targeted elements of the Koopman matrix. The proposed method comprises combinatorics, an approximation of the resolvent, and extrapolations. Comparisons with the EDMD are performed for a noisy van der Pol system. The proposed method yields reasonable results even in cases wherein the EDMD exhibits a slow convergence behavior.
Experimental investigation on the hydrogen embrittlement characteristics and mechanism of natural gas-hydrogen transportation pipeline steels
Authors: Cai Liuxi , Bai Guangqian , Gao Xiufeng , Li Yun , Hou Yanfang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHydrogen blended with natural gas is one of the best ways for large-scale hydrogen transportation; however, pipeline steels exploited for transferring natural gas have the risk of hydrogen embrittlement. Therefore, the hydrogen damage mechanism and resistance property of different steel pipelines should be carefully examined to select suitable materials for the task mentioned above. The common X42, X52, X70, and AISI 1020 are taken into account as research objects. Their mechanical properties and hydrogen absorption properties in a hydrogen environment are investigated to explore further factors affecting the hydrogen embrittlement of material. Dynamic slow strain rate tensile test results show that these materials exhibit varying hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity in a hydrogen environment. AISI 1020 has the highest hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility, then X70, and X42 presents the lowest one. Generally, hydrogen embrittlement behaviours are strengthened by increasing the current density. As the current density grows, the fracture mode of pipeline steels transforms from the ductile fracture to the quasi-cleavage fracture and finally turns into the cleavage fracture. The hydrogen embrittlement fracture of the tensile specimen results from the action of the HEDE and HELP in various zones. TDS test results indicates that the content of C and Mn significantly influence on the hydrogen solubility in metal materials.
Thiazide and the Thiazide-Like Diuretics: Review of Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, and Indapamide
Authors: Ernst Michael E , Fravel Michelle A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The term thiazide is universally understood to refer to diuretics that exert their principal action in the distal tubule. The thiazide class is heterogenous and can be further subdivided into compounds containing the benzothiadiazine ring structure—the thiazide-type (e.g., hydrochlorothiazide)—and those lacking the benzothiadiazine ring—the thiazide-like (e.g., chlorthalidone and indapamide) drugs. Thiazide-like agents are longer acting and constitute the diuretics used in most of the cardiovascular outcome trials that established benefits of treatment with diuretics, but pragmatic aspects, such as lack of availability in convenient formulations, limit their use. Regardless of class heterogeneity, thiazides have retained importance in the management of hypertension for over 60 years. They are reliably effective as monotherapy in a majority of hypertensive patients, and augment the efficacy of other classes of antihypertensives when used in combination. Importantly, a thiazide-based treatment regimen lowers cardiovascular events, and their sturdy effect reinforces their place among the recommended first-line agents to treat hypertension in major domestic and international hypertension guidelines. There are few head-to-head comparisons within the class, but potential differences have been explored indirectly as well as in non-blood pressure mechanisms and potential pleiotropic properties. Until proven otherwise, the importance of these differences remains speculative, and clinicians should assume that cardiovascular events will be lowered similarly across agents when equivalent blood pressure reduction occurs. Thiazides remain underutilized, with only about one-third of hypertensive patients receiving them. For many patients, however, a thiazide is an indispensable component of their regimen to achieve adequate blood pressure control.