bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transplantation of wild-type hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells rescue Alzheimer’s disease in a mouse model and highlights the central role of microglia in disease pathogenesis
Authors: Mishra Priyanka , Silva Alexander , Sharma Jay , Nguyen Jacqueline , Pizzo Donald , Sahoo Debashis , Cherqui Stephanie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia, but still no effective treatment exists. Microglia have been implicated in AD pathogenesis, but their role is still matter of debate. Our study represents direct evidence that microglia play a key role in disease progression, and that replacing diseased APP/PSEN1 microglia via single systemic wild-type (WT) hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) transplantation rescue AD phenotype in the 5xFAD mice. Cell replacement led to complete prevention of memory loss and neurocognitive impairment, and significant decrease of β-amyloid plaques in the hippocampus and cortex. Neuroinflammation was also significantly reduced. Transcriptomic analysis revealed significant decrease in gene expression related to “disease-associated microglia” in the cortex, and “neurodegeneration-associated endothelial cells” in the hippocampus of the WT HSPC-transplanted 5xFAD mice compared to diseased controls. This work shows the importance of microglia in AD and that restoring genetically normal microglia represents a promising therapeutic avenue.
Age- and sex-specific differences in the association of serum osteocalcin and cardiometabolic risk factors in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Li Wei , Wang Yan , Dong Jie , Li Mengdi , Liu Rui , Zhang Yuqi , Liu Xiaojun , Di Ruiqing , Liu Shengyun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Serum osteocalcin levels are closely related to metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum osteocalcin levels and cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) according to age and sex.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 1500 patients with T2D (991 men and 509 women) aged ≥ 18 years old. The age- and sex-specific disparities in glycemic and lipid control, as well as cardiometabolic risk factors were evaluated.
Results
The levels of serum osteocalcin were significantly higher in women aged ༞50 years old compared with women aged ≤ 50 years old (15.6 ± 6.5 ng/mL vs. 11.3 ± 4.5 ng/mL, p < 0.0001). However, this was lower in men aged ༞50 years old than men aged ≤ 50 years old (12.2 ± 4.2 ng/mL vs. 12.9 ± 4.3 ng/mL, p = 0.0081). We performed correlation analyses between serum osteocalcin and cardiometabolic parameters. Serum osteocalcin concentrations had a negative association with FBG and HbA1c levels in women and men aged ≤ 50 years old, but not in men aged ༞50 years old. Serum osteocalcin were negatively related to TG and positively related to HDL-C and LDL-C only in men aged ≤ 50 years old. In binary logistic regression analysis, serum osteocalcin levels were associated with multiple cardiovascular risk factors, as follows: being overweight/obese (odds ratio [OR], 0.944; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9–0.991, p = 0.02) in men aged ༞50 years old; high HbA1C and high FBG in women and men aged ≤ 50 years old, but not in men aged ༞50 years old; and high TG (OR, 0.905; 95% CI 0.865–0.947, p < 0.0001), metabolic syndrome (OR, 0.914; 95% CI 0.874–0.956, p < 0.0001), and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR, 0.933; 95% CI, 0.893–0.975, p = 0.002) only in men aged ≤ 50 years old, after adjustment for confounding factors.
Conclusions
Serum osteocalcin level has significant relationships with cardiometabolic risk factors and several age- and sex-related differences in patients with T2D. Decreased serum osteocalcin levels are associated with a worse cardiometabolic risk profile.
A Multi-bit ΔΣ Down-converting ADC with Even-Harmonic Mixer and Mismatch Shaper
Authors: Genkaku Yuki , Onda Kotaro , Okage Syuji , Yoshino Michitaka , Saikatsu Satoshi , Yasuda Akira 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper proposes a multi-bit ΔΣ down-converting analog-to-digital converter (DC-ADC) using an even harmonic mixer (EHMIX) and mismatch shaper to realize software radios and digital radio frequencies. This converter achieves high signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio (SNDR) and contributes to the realization of high-speed, low-power wireless communication systems. For conversion errors caused by element variation (mismatch) in multi-bit digital-to-analog converters (DAC), mismatch shapers called data weighted averaging (DWA) and noise shaping dynamic element matching (NSDEM) are used. In this paper, we propose multi-bit ΔΣ DC-ADC with EHMIX and mismatch shaper. Simulink estimated SNDR improved by − 26 dB in 4-bit first-order ΔΣ DC-ADC with EHMIX and DWA − 38 dB in 4-bit second-order ΔΣ DC-ADC with EHMIX and NSDEM.
Factors affecting adoption of watershed management program in Mirab-Abaya Districts of Southern Ethiopia.
Authors: Mamo Abebe Asele 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Land degradation is an important issue because of its adverse impact on agronomic productivity, the environment and its effect on food security and quality of life. The study was conducted in Achekore sub watershed of adopters and Layotirga sub watershed non-adopters of Mirab-Abaya district. The major objectives of the study was to investigate the factors affecting the adoption of watershed program. The study used random sampling techniques and selected 334 total sample size, and analyzed using econometric model called binary logistic model. The findings revealed that among the hypothesized explanatory variables included in the model, land size and land tenure were found affecting the dependent variable at 5% significant level, whereas age, gender, family size, participation in nonfarm activity, distance and slope variables influencing at 1% significant level. Moreover, Education and extension contact variables was found not significant to adoption of watershed management technologies. It is concluded that the watershed management practice is adopted by the community as it plays a significant role to enhance household’s livelihood, ecosystem balance and cope with climate change impacts.
Prevalence of Violent Victimization and Associated Factors Among Psychiatric Outpatients
Authors: Eshete Solomon , Mulat Haregewoin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Victimizations, coupled with the existing political and socioeconomic instability in East Africa, poses unbearable burden on people with mental illness. Methods: Six hundred twenty nine psychiatric patients were interviewed by trained psychiatry clinicians consecutively to study prevalence, and associated factors of victimization by using interviewer administered standard international crime victim survey questions. Analysis was done by using SPSS version 20. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and p-value =<0.05 were used to declare the statistical significance. Results: Lifetime and past year prevalence of victimization were 57.4% and 27.4% respectively. Majority of men were perpetrated by Strangers and acquaintances where as majority of women by near family members. In Binary Logistic Regression analysis: factors such as being female; history of psychiatric admission, suicidal attempt, previously cigarette smoking, khat chewing; criminal history and violent perpetration had significant association with victimization.Conclusion: The study identified high prevalence of victimization on people with mental illness which is potential for the formation of stress strain reaction as well as violation of legal rights of that population. Cooperation between law enforcers and mental health clinicians is needed.
Faculty and resident perceptions/judgments of Entrustable Professional Activities (EPA) performance in the context of Ethiopian medical education
Authors: Amare Equlinet Misganaw , Siebeck Matthias , Yigzaw Tegbar , Fischer Martin R. , Berndt Markus , Tadesse Mekidm 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) are units of professional practice that are defined as tasks or responsibilities that are entrusted to an unsupervised execution by a trainee. In 2021, a framework of 29 EPAs was developed for surgical residency training programs in Ethiopia. The goal is that graduating surgical residents being able to perform independently by the time they graduate. However, residents' ability to carry out EPAs is being questioned. The objective of this study is to assess how faculty members judge residents' performance in executing these EPAs, as well as how residents rate their own ability. The study builds on previous work that developed EPAs for surgical residency training, making it relevant to systematically introduce and implement EPAs.Methods: A survey was conducted in the Departments of Surgery at four residency training institutions in Ethiopia from June 21 to August 21, 2021. All eligible faculty members and final-year general surgery residents were invited to participate in the study. Surgical team members were asked to judge performance of residents, and residents were asked to rate their own capability in executing EPAs. The analysis focused on variations in performance ratings between surgical team members and residents, as well as across faculty members.Results: A total of 125 surgical team members and 49 graduating general surgery residents participated in this study. Residents rate their competence in performing these EPAs higher than surgical team members (mean 4.2 (SD = 0.63) vs. 3.7 (SD = 0.9). A statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups of study on the overall mean rating of resident performance (combined dependent variables) (P =0.03, CI: 0.51-0.95), as well as within surgical faculty members (P < 0.001).Conclusions: In executing EPAs, there was disagreement between the residents' and surgical team members' judgment, as well as among faculty members. Faculty expected residents to still require supervision in these EPAs. This suggest that the programs may produce graduating residents who are ill prepared for independent practice. The perception/judgment gap that exists between residents and surgical teams and among faculty members could pose a problem in education.
THE EFFECT OF INVESTMENT KNOWLEDGE ON STUDENT'S INTEREST IN INVESTING SHARIA SHARE
Authors: Erdkhadifa Rendra , Kina Amilis , Samsuri Andriani 
Published: April 2022

Investment can be interpreted as an activity to invest in both money and objects in an object with the aim of obtaining profits over a certain period. Investment decisions are a very important decision in investing, where in order to get a profit we have to deal with risk, therefore investors must evaluate the relationship between return and risk. This type of research is associative. The data used is primary data obtained through the dissemination of questionnaires to 264 student respondents of the Sharia Economic Law study program of the Faculty of Sharia and legal sciences UIN SATU Tulungagung. The sampling method used by researchers in each study program is proportionate stratified random sampling. The results show that the coefficient value of the variable parameters of investment knowledge is 1.61 which means that any increase in the value of knowledge or understanding of investment will increase one's interest. in investing. This means that there is a positive linear relationship between one's knowledge and one's interest in making investments. The higher the knowledge a person knows investing, the higher one's interest in investing. The result of measuring the goodness of the model is to use the value of the coefficient of determination R2 which shows a number of 48.6%. The value can be interpreted that the model is able to explain the actual condition of only 48.6% where the remaining 51.4% of a person's interest in investing is influenced by other variables outside the investment knowledge variable..
GERAKAN KOMUNITAS PALESTARI SEJARAH BUDAYA KADHIRI (PASAK) SEBAGAI MEDIA PENDIDIKAN DI KEDIRI
Authors: Zahid A , Arsani Adelia Titania , Habib Muhammad Alhada Fuadilah 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT: Historical education is a pillar of a country to see the value of national identity that grows in the midst of diversity. But the feeling of pride and concern in knowing history is less embedded in the soul of our nation's young generation now. Many stigmas that emerge that history is a crisp, unattractive lesson and considered unimportant in the midst of technological developments that demand all-practicality in life. This is because the application of the history teaching curriculum at school is deemed less attractive because the history teacher delivers material only by storytelling and asking students to memorize. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods that are used to describe how the role of the PASAK community movement can be an educational medium for the younger generation of Kediri. It is on this social movement theory approach that is the focus in the discussion of the concept of Dawson and W.E Gettys social movement regarding the existence of a desire to be achieved by a group of individuals who have the same thoughts as outlined in the actions of the movement. And the concept of the stages of the Getty social movement that must be passed in realizing a social movement. The existence of the PASAK Movement Community as a cog and a place for young people to learn history firsthand without the memorization process that is felt boring, is also more familiar with historical storie s from various places in Kediri.
Keywords: Social Movement, Education Media, PASAK Community

ABSTRAK: Pendidikan sejarah merupakan pilar sebuah negara untuk melihat nilai jati diri bangsanya yang tumbuh di tengah kemajemukan. Namun Perasaan bangga dan kepedulian mengenal sejarah kurang tertanam di jiwa generasi muda bangsa kita sekarang. Banyak stigma yang muncul bahwa sejarah adalah pelajaran yang garing, tidak menarik, membosankan dan dianggap tidak penting di tengah perkembangan teknologi yang menuntut serba kepraktisan dalam hidup. Hal ini dikarenakan penerapan kurikulum pengajaran sejarah disekolah yang dirasa kurang atraktif karena guru sejarah dalam menyampaikan materi hanya dengan mendongeng dan menyuruh siswa untuk menghafal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif yang digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana peran Gerakan komunitas PASAK bisa menjadi media pendidikan untuk generasi muda Kediri. Pada pendekatan teori gerakan sosial inilah yang menjadi fokus dalam pembahasan konsep gerakan sosial Dawson dan W.E Gettys mengenai adanya sebuah keinginan yang hendak dicapai oleh sekelompok individu-individu yang memiliki pemikiran yang sama yang dituangkan dalam aksi gerakan tersebut. Adanya Komunitas Gerakan PASAK sebagai roda penggerak dan wadah generasi muda untuk belajar sejarah secara langsung tanpa proses menghafal yang dirasa membosankan tersebut, juga lebih mengenal kisah-kisah historis dari berbagai tempat di Kediri.
Kata Kunci: Gerakan sosial, Media Pendidikan, Komunitas PASAK
Pesticidas em Ecossistemas Aquáticos e sua Interação com Algas e Cianobactérias: Uma Análise Cienciométrica
Authors: Oliveira Thaynara Martins de , Carneiro Fernanda Melo , Wastowski Isabela Jubé 
Published: April 2022

Para entender a relação de micropoluentes em ambientes aquáticos e seu impacto na produção primária desses ecossistemas realizamos uma análise cienciométrica dos estudos sobre a interação de micropoluentes, principalmente pesticidas, nos ecossistemas aquáticos com algas e cianobactérias. Na base de dados Web of Science selecionamos artigos que continham as palavras (agrotoxic* or pesticid*) and (microalgae or phytoplankton or periphyton) no título, resumo ou palavras-chave (tópico) publicados entre os anos de 1998 e 2018. Selecionamos 287 artigos para a análise, levantando todos os organismos estudados e sua associação com os respectivos valores de doses letais (DL), concentrações de efeito (EC) ou concentrações de inibição (IC) e o tipo de ambiente. Os artigos referiam-se, principalmente, aos efeitos de bioacumulação dos pesticidas atrazina, clorpirifós e diuron. Clorsulfuron e metisulfuron metílico foram os mais frequentes em estudos que analisaram as concentrações de inibição. As espécies de algas mais citadas nos estudos foram: Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck 1890, Raphidocelis subcapitata (Korshikov) Nygaard, Komárek, J.Kristiansen & O.M.Skulberg 1987, Scenedesmus quadricauda Chodat, nom. illeg. 1926. As cianobactérias foram o segundo grupo de organismos mais estudado. A resposta aos pesticidas foi espécie dependente. Para uma mesma espécie não existe mais de uma resposta ao mesmo pesticida o que dificulta generalizações. Os estudos estão prepodenrantemente em regiões temperadas mesmo com o grande número de pesticidas disponíveis no mercado. Portanto, ainda não existe na literatura conhecimento suficiente sobre o efeito desses pesticidas em ecossistemas aquáticos naturais e, consequentemente, na base da cadeia trófica desses ambientes.
كاریگەری فاكتەری نەوت و گاز لەسەر پێگەی سیاسی و ئابوری هەرێمی كوردستان/عێراق
Authors: Faraj Anwar Muhammad , Khorsheed Chalak Mohtasam 
Published: April 2022

پێگه‌ی هه‌رێمی كوردستان مەبەست لێی ئەو سەنگە سیاسی و ئابوری و جۆگرافیەی هەرێمی كوردستانە لە ئاستی نێوخۆی و ھەرێمی و نێودەوڵەتی هه‌یه‌تی.
فاکتەری نەوت و گاز کاریگەرییەکانی فرە ڕەھەندە لەسەر پێگەی سیاسی و ئابوری ھەرێمی کوردستان، فاکتەری نەوت و گاز لەسەر ئاستی ناوخۆ کاریگەری ڕاستەوخۆی لەسەر ژیان و گوزەرانی خەڵکی ھەیە، له‌به‌ر ئه‌وه‌ی ھەرێمی کوردستان بۆ ده‌ستخستنی داھات بۆ موچه‌ و پڕکردنەوەی پێداویستییە داراییەکانی پشتی بە فرۆشتنی نەوت و ئەو بڕە پارەیە بەستووە کە بەشێوەی کاش لە حکومەتی فیدراڵی وەریدەگرێت دوای مامەڵەکردنی ئازادانەی حکومەتی ھەرێم بە نەوت و گازەوە کێشەیەکی نوێ لە نێوان ھەرێم و حکومەتی فیدراڵ سەری ھەڵدا ئەمەش داواتر کاریگەری لەسەر کۆی سیستمی سیاسی ھەرێم ھەبوو.
لەسەر ئاستی هه‌رێمی، ھەرێمی کوردستان ھاوسنورە لەگەڵ ھەریەکە لە (تورکیا، ئێران و سوریا) به‌شێوه‌ی فه‌رمی لەڕێگەی خاکی تورکیاوە نەوتی ھەرێمی کوردستان ھەناردەی دەرەوە دەکرێت و دەفرۆشرێت، بۆیە دەوڵەتی تورکیا زۆرترین پەیوەندی سیاسی و ئابوری لەگەڵ ھەرێمی کوردستان ھەیە کە ئەمه‌ش کاریگەریی فاکتەری نەوت و گازە کە ھەرێمی کوردستان لەسەر ئاستی هه‌رێمی لە پەیوەندی سیاسی و ئابوریدایه‌ لەگەڵ وڵاتانی دراوسێ بەگشتی و تورکیا بەتایبەتی.
ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکانی ئەمریکا و ڕوسیا دوو دەوڵەتی گەورەی گۆڕەپانی نێودەوڵەتین کە زۆرترین کاریگەرییان ھەیە لەسەر ھەرێمی کوردستان، چه‌ند كۆمپانیای وزه‌ی ئه‌مریكی و ڕوسی له‌ هه‌رێمی كوردستان كارده‌كه‌ن بۆیه‌ هه‌رێمی كوردستان بۆته‌ جێگه‌ی گرنگی ئه‌م دوو ده‌وڵه‌ته‌ جیهانییه‌. ھەرێمی کوردستان لە ڕێگەی فاکتەری نەوت و گازەوە توانیوییەتی پەیوەندی لەگەڵ ئەم دوو دەوڵەتە گەورە جیھانیەدا ھەبێت، بەڵام پەیوەندییەکە لە چوارچێوەی سیاسەتی دەرەوەی ئەمریکا و ڕوسیا دێت به‌رامبه‌ر به‌ وڵاتانی تری وەک( تورکیا و ئێران و سوریا) .
The market and the masses: From chaotic corners to social media (re)tail events
Authors: Hansen Kristian Bondo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this essay, I examine and discuss the relationship between the market and the masses in light of recent retail-driven surges in the stock prices of firms like GameStop and AMC. Using two historical snapshots, I draw out similarities and differences between the way the collective power and rationality (or lack thereof) of the masses was portrayed in late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century market literature and in recent debates about retail investor inclusion and social media or social trading platform-driven market volatility. The main difference between the historical discourse and the present situation is that the new digital market-expanding technologies enable effective retail investor mobilization and thus, increase the retail swarms’ market-moving powers, which were previously less agile and forceful. However, eased and widened market access also transforms digital life into alternative data that is subjected to age-old strategies of market exploitation.
A Critical Analysis of Drug Courts in Chile
Authors: Cuneo Silvio , Medina González Paula 
Published: April 2022

This paper is a critical study of the Drug Courts in Chile. To this end, it analyses the regulatory context in which they were created within the criminal legislation regarding illicit drug trafficking. Without questioning the merits of drug treatment, the idea that drug courts are a valid alternative to incarceration is here challenged. Rather, they widen the punitive net that complements the extreme punitiveness of criminal drug legislation. Furthermore, the eligibility requirements established in Chile's drug courts prevent many people who might need it from the possibility of accessing treatment, given that as they are presently structured, drug courts combine and confuse public health criteria with notions of dangerousness. In the conclusion, maintaining and even increasing the budget of drug treatment is recommended. Nevertheless, the separation of criminal law assessments or charges from public health criteria is proposed. Likewise, as a public policy in criminal matters on drugs, it is recommended the decriminalisation of behaviours and the reduction of penalties in order to build a real path that is decriminalising and respectful of human dignity.
impact of the case law of the Constitutional Tribunal on the standard of detention on remand in Poland
Authors: Sakowicz Andrzej 
Published: April 2022

Detention on remand is intrinsically linked to the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual and, in particular, to personal freedom, the right to a fair trial and the principle of the presumption of innocence.
This paper explores the constitutional dimension of the application of detention on remand in Poland. Its first part outlines the constitutional values that are violated as a result of detention on remand. The status of the principle of proportionality is pointed out, both in constitutional law and in the criminal law procedure. In further parts, the article presents the role of the Constitutional Tribunal in Poland and analyzes its case law on detention on remand. The jurisprudence of the Constitutional Tribunal in Poland emphasizes the directive to minimize the duration and the principle of proportionality of preventive measures, which imply that detention on remand may only be used ultima ratio. In particular, the paper focuses on the rulings concerning the premises for detention on remand, the access to the file of the pre-trial proceedings in the part concerning the decision to apply detention on remand, the access of the persons detained on remand to defense counsels, the duration of detention on remand, and the contact of the persons subject to the most severe preventive measure with their loved ones.