bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Artificial Intelligence for Analysis of Histological and Morphological Diversity in Salivary Gland Tumors
Authors: Alsanie Ibrahim , Shephard Adam , Azarmehr Neda , Rajpoot Nasir , Khurram Syed Ali 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Salivary gland tumors (SGT) are aheterogeneous neoplasms with large morphological diversity and overlapping features. Recently, numerous artificial intelligence (AI) methods shown for reproducible histological diagnosis and prognosis. However, their application to SGT has not been reported to date. This study aims to examine if AI can be used to differentiate between different SGT subtypes based on the analysis of digitized whole-slide images (WSIs) of Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained slides. A two-stage machine learning (ML) algorithm was developed and tested on 240 scanned H&E WSIs of SGT cases using an open-source bioimage analysis software (QuPath) to train and analyze features on representative regions of interest. The first classifier was designed to differentiate between two benign and four malignant SGT subtypes with an equal split between benign and malignant SGTs (n = 120 each), while the second classifier was used for malignant SGT subtyping (n = 120). Features extracted using the ML classifiers were also analysed using deep learning (DL) networks to determine any performance improvements. Our first classifier showed excellent accuracy for automated differentiation between benign and malignant SGTs (F1-score = 0.90). The second classifier also performed well for differentiation between four different malignant SGTs (average F1 = 0.92). Significant differences between cellularity, nuclear hematoxylin, cytoplasmic eosin, and nucleus/cell ratio (p < 0.05) were seen between tumors in both experiments. Most of the DL networks also achieved high F1-scores for benign versus malignant differentiation (> 0.80), with EfficientNet-B0 giving the best performance (F1 = 0.87) but with inferior accuracy than the ML classifier for malignant subtyping (highest F1 = 0.60 for ResNet-18 and ResNet-50). Our novel findings show that AI can be used for automated differentiation between benign and malignant SGT and tumor subtyping on H&E images. Analysis of a larger multicentre cohort using ML and DL at the WSI level is required to establish the significance and clinical usefulness of these findings.
Sexual, urinary and intestinal dysfunction after rectal surgery: pre-, intra- and post-operative predictors and trends over time in a single high-volume center
Authors: Masini Gaia , Bertocchi Elisa , Barugola Giuliano , Guerriero Massimo , Ruffo Giacomo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
PurposeThe incidence of long-term complications after rectal surgery varies widely among studies, and data regarding functional sequelae after transanal surgery are lacking. The aim of this study is to describe the incidence and change over time of sexual, urinary and intestinal dysfunction in a single-center cohort, identifying independent predictors of dysfunction.MethodsA retrospective analysis of all rectal resections performed between March 2016 and March 2020 at our institution was conducted. Validated questionnaires were administered to assess postoperative function. Predictors of dysfunction were assessed by univariate and multivariate analysis. Latent class analysis was used to distinguish different risk profile classes. Results145 patients were included. Sexual dysfunction at 1 month rose to 37% for both sexes, whereas urinary dysfunction reached 34% in males only. A significant (p<0.05) improvement in urogenital function was observed between 1 and 6 months only. Intestinal dysfunction increased at 1 month, with no significant improvement between 1 and 12 months. Independent predictors of genitourinary dysfunction were postoperative urinary retention, pelvic collection and Clavien-Dindo score ³ III (p<0.05). Transanal surgery resulted an independent predictor of better function (p<0.05). Transanal approach, Clavien-Dindo score ³ III and anastomotic stenosis were independent predictors of higher LARS scores (p<0.05).ConclusionsMaximum dysfunction was found at 1 month after surgery. Improvement was earlier for sexual and urinary dysfunction, whereas intestinal dysfunction improved slower and depended on pelvic floor rehabilitation. Transanal approach was protective for urinary and sexual function, although associated with a higher LARS score. Prevention of anastomosis related complications resulted protective of postoperative function.
How to Determine the Orientation of Acetabular Prosthesis in Total Hip Arthroplasty by Refering to the Anatomical landmarker of acetabular notches?
Authors: Zhang Heng , Zhou Jiansheng , Ling Xiao , Chen Haonan , Du Mingqiu , Zhao Jianning 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aims: The aim of this study was to explore a novel method to determine the orientation of acetabular prosthesis in total hip arthroplasty (THA) by refering to the anatomical landmarker of acetabular notches.Methods: Forty-one normal developmental hips were included in the present study. The acetabulums were reamed according to standard surgical procedures of THA on life-size 3D printing pelvis models.The inferior edge of acetabular cup were placed (1-5)mm proximal and distal to the proximal line of the anterior and posterior acetabular notches (PLAPAN) respectively to determine cup inclination. The inferior edge of acetabular cup were placed (1-5) mm pronating and supinating around the proximal point of acetabular posterior notch (PPAPN) respectively to determine cup anteversion. The pelvis plain radiographs were took and the inclination and anteversion of the acetabular cup at 22 positions were calculated. Results: In the normal developmental hip, the mean inclination of acetabular prothesis were (35.10±3.22) ° and (45.90±2.68) ° when the inferior edge of the acetabular cup was 3mm proximal and 1mm distal to the PLAPAN.The optimal cup inclination could be obtained when the inferior edge of the acetabular cup was 1mm proximal to the PLAPAN (the mean inclination was (40.71±2.80) °) .The mean anteversion of acetabular prothesis were (10.67±4.55) ° and (20.86±4.44) ° when the inferior edge of the acetabular cup was 1mm pronating and 1mm supinating around the PPAPN. The optimal cup anteversion could be obtained when the inferior edge of the acetabular cup was parallel to the PLAPAN (the mean anteversion was (18.00±1.64) °).Conclusions: The inclination and anteversion of acetabular prosthesis could be determined by refering the anatomical landmarks of acetabular notches，which could help orthopedists to install the acetabular prosthesis quickly and safely in THA.
Plasma exosome proteomics reveals the pathogenesis mechanism of post stroke cognitive impairment
Authors: Qi Baoyun , Kong Lingbo , Lai Xinxing , Wang Linshuang , Fei Liu , Wei Dongfeng , Ji Weiwei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Recently, the plasma exosome biomarkers of post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) have been brought into focus. Exploration and utilization of exosome biomarkers and their related functions provided the possibility for the diagnosis and treatment of PSCI. Aims To identify for new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of plasma exosome using label-free quantitative proteomics and biological information analysis in PSCI patients.
Methods
A series of behavioral assessments were performed, including the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Barthel index, the Morse Fall Seale (MFS) beteen control group (n = 10) and PSCI group (n = 10). The blood samples were collected to analyse the biomarker and differentially expressed proteins of plasma exosome using label-free quantitative proteomics and biological information. The exosomes marker proteins were determined by Western blot. The exosome morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy.
Results
The scores of MMSE and MoCA were significantly decreasd in the PSCI group. The PT% and high-density lipoprotein decreasd and the INR ratio increasd in PSCI group. The mean size of exosome was approximately 71.6 nm and the concentration was approximately 6.8E + 7 particles/mL. Exosome proteomics identificated 259 differentially expressed proteins, including 131 up-regulated proteins and 128 down-regulated proteins. The mechanisms of cognitive impairment are related to up-regulation of degradation of ubiquitinated proteins, calcium dependent protein binding, cytoskeleton reorganization, platelet aggregation and down-regulation of cell adhesive protein binding, formation of fibrin clot, complement activation, lipid metabolism and ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins in plasma exosome of PSCI patients. Plasma levels of YWHAZ and BAIAP2 were significantly increased while that of IGHD, ABCB6 and HSPD1 were significantly decreased in PSCI patients.
Conclusion
These proteins might be target-related proteins and provide global insights into pathogenesis mechanisms of PSCI at plasma exosome proteins level.
Selenium increases photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, nodulation, and development of soybean plants (Glycine max L.)
Authors: Cunha Matheus Luís Oliveira , de Oliveira Lara Caroline Alves , Mendes Nandhara Angélica Carvalho , Silva Vinicius Martins , Reis André Rodrigues 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the physiological roles of Se in the photosynthetic pigment profile, oxidative metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, nodulation, and its role in soybean production.
Methods
Two independent experiments were carried out: one conducted in soil and the other in a nutrient solution. When the plants reached the V2 growth stage, five (0, 7.5, 15, 30, and 45 µg kg− 1) and four Se (0, 5, 10, and 15 µmol L− 1) rates from a sodium selenate source were applied to soil and hydroponics-based experiments, respectively.
Results
The concentration of photosynthetic pigments, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase), and the concentration of total sugars in soybean leaves increased in response to Se fertilization. In addition, Se improves nitrogen assimilation efficiency by increasing nitrate reductase activity, resulting in higher ureides, amino acids, and proteins concentration. Se increases the synthesis of daidzein and genistein in the root, resulting in a greater number of nodules and concentration and transport of ureides to the leaves. Se-treated plants showed greater growth and biomass accumulation in roots.
Conclusion
This research is the first report on the influence of Se on nodulation and flavonoid synthesis in leguminous plants. In the scenario of climate change and the increase of abiotic stresses in agriculture, our results contribute to increasing knowledge about the effects of Se on physiology, biochemistry, and biological nitrogen fixation in legume plants.
A cell therapy approach to prevent muscle atrophy and paralysis in an aggressive mouse model of ALS
Authors: Bryson Barney , Kourgiantaki Alexandra , Jiang Dai , Demosthenous Andreas , Greensmith Linda 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Breakdown of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) is an early pathological hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) that blocks neuromuscular transmission, leading to muscle weakness, paralysis and, ultimately, premature death. Currently, there are no available therapies to prevent progressive motor neuron degeneration, muscle denervation or paralysis in ALS. Here, we report important advances in the development of an optogenetic cell therapy for ALS that can restore innervation of targeted skeletal muscles and provide an interface to selectively control their function. Complete survival of intraneural grafts of channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) expressing motor neurons, derived from allogeneic embryonic stem cells (ESCs), is enabled by transient immunosuppression using a T-cell-β receptor targeting antibody. Importantly, the engrafted light-sensitive motor neurons robustly reinnervate target muscles in the highly-aggressive SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS, even following engraftment after overt symptom-onset. Moreover, daily optical stimulation training of the engrafted ChR2-motor neurons reinforces de novo NMJs, resulting in a significant enhancement of the force generating capacity of the targeted muscle in response to optical stimulation and prevention of muscle fibre atrophy. These beneficial effects are maintained long term, even until late-stage disease in SOD1G93A mice. Together, these advances pave the way for the development of a combinatorial therapeutic approach to restore function of paralyzed muscles and prevent muscle atrophy that could benefit all ALS patients, irrespective of the pathogenic or genetic trigger.
Aloe polysaccharide promotes osteogenesis potential of adipose-derived stromal cells via BMP-2/Smads and prevents ovariectomized-induced osteoporosis
Authors: Yao Xue-wei , Liu He-dong , Ren Maoxian , Li Tianlin , Jiang Wenkai - , Zhou Zhi , Liu Zhi-yi , Yang Min 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Aloe polysaccharide (AP) is a type of an active macromolecule of Aloe vera, which contributes to its function. However, whether AP possesses anti-osteoporosis properties is unknown.
Methods
Adipose-derived stromal cells were treated with different concentrations of AP. Early and late osteogenesis were, respectively, evaluated by ALP and Alizarin Red S staining. The effect of AP on the processes of adipogenesis inhibition in ADSCs was analyzed by oil red O staining. Western blot was used to assess the expression of osteogenic and adipogenic related factors. Then, Noggin was administered to further confirm the mechanism by which AP promotes the osteogenesis of ADSCs. Finally, 40 female SD rats were classified into a bilateral laparotomy group (Sham group) and three bilateral ovariectomy groups: OVX group, OVX + AP group, and OVX + AP + Noggin group. The bilateral rat femurs were collected to perform micro-CT scanning, HE, Masson trichrome, and Oil red O staining.
Results
The results indicated that AP could increase ALP expression and calcium deposition. Through molecular mechanisms, AP promotes the protein expression of COL1A1, OPN, and ALP in ADSCs, but downregulates the expression of PPARγ. Also, AP directs ADSCs’ fate by stimulating the BMP2/Smads signaling pathway. In vivo, the rat AP-treated had more trabecular bone than the OVX rat, indicating partial protection from cancellous bone loss after treatment with AP.
Conclusions
Our results show that AP may promote osteogenesis of ADSCs through BMP-2/Smads signaling pathway and inhibits lipogenic differentiation. Thus, AP might be a promising alternative medicine to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis.
The First Polymer Weaire-Phelan Structure: Space-filling polyhedrons of polymer cubic cells created by polymerization induced phase separation
Authors: Naga Naofumi , Jinno Masumi , Wang Yuting , Nakano Tamaki 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Weaire–Phelan structure is a three-dimensional structure composed of two different polyhedra having the same volume, i.e., pyritohedron and truncated hexagonal trapezohedron. It was proposed by Weaire and Phelan in 1993 as a solution of the Kelvin problem of filling space with no gaps with cells of minimum surface area and equal volume. It was found in physical systems including liquid foam and a metal alloy while it has never been constructed as organic materials. We report herewith the first polymeric Weaire–Phelan structure constructed through phase-separation of a single polymer species that is synthesized by simple polyaddition between tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate) and 1,6-diisocyanatohexane. The structure has the order of micrometers and is amorphous unlike reported crystal structures similar to the Weaire–Phelan structure.
Shaping the spin wave spectra of planar 1D magnonic crystals by the geometrical constrains
Authors: Rychły-Gruszecka Justyna , Walowski Jakob , Denker Christian , Tuband Tobias , Münzenberg Markus , Kłos Jarosław W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We present experimental and numerical studies demonstrating the influence of geometrical parameters on the fundamental spin-wave mode in planar 1D magnonic crystals. The investigated magnonic crystals consist of flat stripes separated by air gaps. The adjustment of geometrical parameters allows tailoring of the spin-wave frequencies. The width of stripes and the width of gaps between them affect spin-wave frequencies in two ways. First, directly by geometrical constraints confining the spin waves inside the stripes. Second, indirectly by spin-wave pinning, freeing the spin waves to a different extent on the edges of stripes. Experimentally, the fundamental spin-wave mode frequencies are measured using an all-optical pump-probe time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr-effect setup. Our studies address the problem of spin-wave confinement and spin-wave dipolar pinning in an array of coupled stripes. We show that the frequency of fundamental mode can be tuned to a large extent by adjusting the width of the stripes and the width of gaps between them.
Performance Evaluation of a Novel Multi-PinHole Collimator on Triple-detector SPECT/CT for dedicated myocardial imaging
Authors: Krizsan Aron Krisztian , Kukuts Kornel , Al-Muhanna Walid , Szoboszlai Zoltan , Balazs Laszlo , Szabo Balazs , Kiss Janos , Nekolla Stephan , Barna Sandor , Bukki Tamas , Forgacs Attila 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
BackgroundIn this study we evaluated the imaging capabilities of a novel Multi-pinhole collimator (MPH-Cardiac) specially designed for nuclear cardiology imaging on a triple head NaI(Tl) detector based SPECT/CT system.Methods99mTc point source measurements covering the field-of-view (FOV) were used to determine tomographic sensitivity (TSpointsource) and spatial resolution. Organ-size tomographic sensitivity (TSorgan) was measured with a left ventricle (LV) phantom filled with typical myocardial activity of a patient scan. Reconstructed image uniformity was measured with a 140 mm diameter uniform cylinder phantom. Using the LV phantom once filled with 99mTc and after with 123I, a polar map analysis was performed determining Spill-Over-Ratio in water (SORwater) and image noise. Results were compared with that of a dual-head parallel-hole low energy high resolution (LEHR) collimator system. A patient with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) was scanned on the LEHR system using local protocol of 16 minutes total acquisition time, followed by a 4-minute MPH-Cardiac scan. ResultsPeak TSpointsource was found to be 1013 cps/MBq in the axial center of the FOV while it was decreasing towards the radial edges. TSorgan in the CFOV was found to be 134 cps/MBq and 700 cps/MBq for the LEHR and MPH-Cardiac respectively. Average spatial resolution throughout the FOV was 4.38 mm FWHM for the MPH-Cardiac collimator. Reconstructed image uniformity values were found to be 0.504 % versus 0.392 % for the LEHR and MPH-Cardiac measurements respectively. SORwater values were found to be 28.83% and 21.1 % for the 99mTc measurements, and 31.44 % and 24.33 % for the 123I measurements for LEHR and MPH-Cardiac respectively. Pixel noise of the 99mTc polar maps resulted in values of 0.38 % and 0.24 % and of the 123I polar maps 0.62 % and 0.21 % for LEHR and MPH-Cardiac respectively. Visually interpreting the patient scan images, MPH-Cardiac resulted in better image contrast compared to the LEHR technique with four times shorter scan duration.ConclusionsThe significant image quality improvement achieved with dedicated MPH-Cardiac collimator on triple head SPECT/CT system paves the way for short acquisition and low-dose cardiovascular SPECT applications.
Calculation of active earth pressure on external corners with equal length on both sides in foundation pit engineering
Authors: Long Zhao , Zeng Hao , Ye Shuaihua , Li Weili 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the external corner with equal lengths on both sides in the foundation pit is studied. Firstly, the failure mode of the external corner with equal lengths on both sides is analyzed, and two different failure models are established according to the different side length of the external corner. Then, according to the horizontal micro-layered limit equilibrium analysis method, the basic differential equation for the theoretical calculation of the active earth pressure with equal length on both sides is established, and the calculation formula of active earth pressure for the external corners with equal length on both sides and without considering cohesion is derived when the rotation angle of the external corner is 90°. Finally, the theoretical calculation results are compared with those of the numerical simulation software. The displacement cloud map obtained by the numerical simulation is basically consistent with the calculation model used in this paper, and the magnitude and distribution law of active earth pressure calculated in this paper are basically consistent with the three-dimensional simulation values of Midas/GTS software, which proves the feasibility and rationality of theoretical calculation.
Identification of the Lipid Antigens Recognized by rHIgM22, a Remyelination-promoting Antibody
Authors: Grassi Sara , Cabitta Livia , Prioni Simona , Mauri Laura , Ciampa Maria Grazia , Yokoyama Noriko , Iwabuchi Kazuhisa , Zorina Yana , Prinetti Alessandro 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Failure of the immune system to discriminate myelin components from foreign antigens plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis. In fact, the appearance of anti-myelin autoantibodies, targeting both proteins and glycolipids, is often responsible for functional alterations in myelin-producing cells in this disease. Nevertheless, some of these antibodies were reported to be beneficial for remyelination. Recombinant human IgM22 (rHIgM22) binds to myelin and to the surface of O4-positive oligodendrocytes, and promotes remyelination in mouse models of chronic demyelination. Interestingly, the identity of the antigen recognized by this antibody remains to be elucidated. The preferential binding of rHIgM22 to sulfatide-positive cells or tissues suggests that sulfatide might be part of the antigen pattern recognized by the antibody, however, cell populations lacking sulfatide expression are also responsive to rHIgM22. Thus, we assessed the binding of rHIgM22 in vitro to purified lipids and lipid extracts from various sources to identify the antigen(s) recognized by this antibody. Our results show that rHIgM22 is indeed able to bind both sulfatide and its deacylated form, whereas no significant binding for other myelin sphingolipids has been detected. Remarkably, binding of rHIgM22 to sulfatide in lipid monolayers can be positively or negatively regulated by the presence of other lipids. Moreover, rHIgM22 also binds to phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidic acid, suggesting that not only sulfatide, but also other membrane lipids might play a role in the binding of rHIgM22 to oligodendrocytes and to other cell types not expressing sulfatide.