bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photooxidation of IR‐820 by Calixpyridinium‐Induced Assembled Material and Its pH‐Controlled Visual Multicolor Luminescence
Authors: Wang Kui , Gao Guo‐Jie , Wang Xiao‐Yan 
Published: January 2022

Comprehensive SummaryIn this work, a spherical calixpyridinium–IR‐820 supramolecular assembled material was fabricated based on the calixpyridinium‐ induced IR‐820 aggregation. This assembled material exhibited a well visible light responsiveness by the photodecomposition of aggregated IR‐820 accompanied by an obvious color change. Such photochromic material has many potential applications. More interestingly, the photodecomposition of aggregated IR‐820 was significantly promoted, although the aggregated photosensitizers usually exhibited a lower photoreactivity. This approach can be further extended to construct various visible‐light responsive supramolecular assembled materials and potentially applied in many fields. Herein, benefitting from the pH‐dependent luminescent properties of calixpyridinium and the photodegradation products of IR‐820, a pH‐controlled visual multicolor luminescence was achieved, which was perfectly applied in the detection of pH from 5 to 10 by naked eyes.
Lessons learned from a long‐term irrigation experiment in a dry Scots pine forest: Impacts on traits and functioning
Authors: Bose Arun K. , Rigling Andreas , Gessler Arthur , Hagedorn Frank , Brunner Ivano , Feichtinger Linda , Bigler Christof , Egli Simon , Etzold Sophia , Gossner Martin M. , Guidi Claudia , Lévesque Mathieu , Meusburger Katrin , Peter Martina , Saurer Matthias , Scherrer Daniel , Schleppi Patrick , Schönbeck Leonie , Vogel Michael E. , von Arx Georg , Wermelinger Beat , Wohlgemuth Thomas , Zweifel Roman , Schaub Marcus 
Published: January 2022

AbstractClimate change exposes ecosystems to strong and rapid changes in their environmental boundary conditions mainly due to the altered temperature and precipitation patterns. It is still poorly understood how fast interlinked ecosystem processes respond to altered environmental conditions, if these responses occur gradually or suddenly when thresholds are exceeded, and if the patterns of the responses will reach a stable state. We conducted an irrigation experiment in the Pfynwald, Switzerland from 2003–2018. A naturally dry Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest was irrigated with amounts that doubled natural precipitation, thus releasing the forest stand from water limitation. The aim of this study was to provide a quantitative understanding on how different traits and functions of individual trees and the whole ecosystem responded to increased water availability, and how the patterns and magnitudes of these responses developed over time. We found that the response magnitude, the temporal trajectory of responses, and the length of initial lag period prior to significant response largely varied across traits. We detected rapid and stronger responses from aboveground tree traits (e.g., tree‐ring width, needle length, and crown transparency) compared to belowground tree traits (e.g., fine‐root biomass). The altered aboveground traits during the initial years of irrigation increased the water demand and trees adjusted by increasing root biomass during the later years of irrigation, resulting in an increased survival rate of Scots pine trees in irrigated plots. The irrigation also stimulated ecosystem‐level foliar decomposition rate, fungal fruit body biomass, and regeneration abundances of broadleaved tree species. However, irrigation did not promote the regeneration of Scots pine trees, which are reported to be vulnerable to extreme droughts. Our results provide extensive evidence that tree‐ and ecosystem‐level responses were pervasive across a number of traits on long‐term temporal scales. However, after reaching a peak, the magnitude of these responses either decreased or reached a new stable state, providing important insights into how resource alterations could change the system functioning and its boundary conditions.
Compromised hepatic mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and reduced markers of mitochondrial turnover in human NAFLD
Authors: Moore Mary P. , Cunningham Rory P. , Meers Grace M. , Johnson Sarah A. , Wheeler Andrew A. , Ganga Rama R. , Spencer Nicole M. , Pitt James B. , Diaz‐Arias Alberto , Swi Ahmed I. A. , Hammoud Ghassan M. , Ibdah Jamal A. , Parks Elizabeth J. , Rector R. Scott 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
NAFLD and its more‐advanced form, steatohepatitis (NASH), is associated with obesity and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular, liver‐related, and all‐cause mortality. Available human data examining hepatic mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and hepatic mitochondrial turnover in NAFLD and NASH are scant.

Approach and Results
To investigate this relationship, liver biopsies were obtained from patients with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery and data clustered into four groups based on hepatic histopathological classification: Control (CTRL; no disease); NAFL (steatosis only); Borderline‐NASH (steatosis with lobular inflammation or hepatocellular ballooning); and Definite‐NASH (D‐NASH; steatosis, lobular inflammation, and hepatocellular ballooning). Hepatic mitochondrial complete FAO to CO2 and the rate‐limiting enzyme in β‐oxidation (β‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase activity) were reduced by ~40%–50% with D‐NASH compared with CTRL. This corresponded with increased hepatic mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, as well as dramatic reductions in markers of mitochondrial biogenesis, autophagy, mitophagy, fission, and fusion in NAFL and NASH.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that compromised hepatic FAO and mitochondrial turnover are intimately linked to increasing NAFLD severity in patients with obesity.
Power‐effective scanning with AODs for 3D optogenetic applications
Authors: Ricci Pietro , Marchetti Marco , Sorelli Michele , Turrini Lapo , Resta Francesco , Gavryusev Vladislav , de Vito Giuseppe , Sancataldo Giuseppe , Vanzi Francesco , Silvestri Ludovico , Pavone Francesco Saverio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTwo‐photon (2P) excitation is a cornerstone approach widely employed in neuroscience microscopy for deep optical access and sub‐micrometric‐resolution light targeting into the brain. However, besides structural and functional imaging, 2P optogenetic stimulations are less routinary, especially in 3D. This is because of the adopted scanning systems, often feebly effective, slow and mechanically constricted. Faster illumination can be achieved through acousto‐optic deflectors (AODs) although their applicability to large volumes excitation has been limited by large efficiency drop along the optical axis. Here, we present a new AOD‐based scheme for 2P 3D scanning that improves the power delivery between different illumination planes. We applied this approach to photostimulate an optogenetic actuator in zebrafish larvae, demonstrating the method efficiency observing increased activity responses and uniform activation probabilities from neuronal clusters addressed in the volume. This novel driving scheme can open to new AOD applications in neuroscience, allowing more effective 3D interrogation in large neuronal networks.
Label‐free identification of human glioma xenograft of mouse brain with quantitative ultraviolet photoacoustic histology imaging
Authors: Song Wei , Wang Ya‐chao , Chen Huang , Li Xiangzhu , Zhou Lingxiao , Min Changjun , Zhu Siwei , Yuan Xiaocong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe ability to unveil molecular specificities of endogenous nonfluorescent chromophores of ultraviolet photoacoustic imaging technology enables label‐free histology imaging of tissue specimens. In this work, we exploit ultraviolet photoacoustic microscopy for identifying human glioma xenograft of mouse brain ex vivo. Intrinsically excellent imaging contrast of cell nucleus at ultraviolet photoacoustic illumination along with good spatial resolution allows for discerning the brain glioma of freshly‐harvested thick brain slices, which circumvents laborious time‐consuming preparations of the tissue specimens including micrometer‐thick slicing and H&E staining that are prerequisites in standard histology analysis. The identification of tumor margins and quantitative analysis of tumor areas is implemented, representing good agreement with the standard H&E‐stained observations. Quantitative ultraviolet photoacoustic microscopy can access fast pathological assessment to the brain tissues, and thus potentially facilitates intraoperative brain tumor resection to precisely remove all cancerous cells and preserve healthy tissue for maintaining its essential function.
In‐vivo two‐photon visualization and quantitative detection of redox state of cancer
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Chenlu , Liu Guoming , Jin Long , Lin Zexi , Lin Lisheng , Wu Ying , Chen Jianxin , Lin Hongxin , Song Jibin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGlutathione (GSH), the most common and abundant antioxidant in the body, is particularly concentrated in cancer cells (2–10 mM). This concentration is approximately 1000 times that of normal cells, making GSH a specific tumor marker. Overexpression of GSH is critical for mapping the redox state of cancer cells. However, there are few probes and detection methods responsive to GSH that can quantitatively visualize GSH in vivo in two‐photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) imaging mode. The experimental results show that TPEF‐GSH could not only target GSH in tumors, but also establish the quantitative relationship between TPEF signal and GSH concentration. We explored the optimal two‐photon excitation wavelength of TPEF‐GSH, the optimal cell incubation duration with TPEF‐GSH, the best imaging time point for GSH in cells, and the quantitative relationship between the TPEF signal and the changes in GSH concentrations. In zebrafish embryo and zebrafish experiments, the ratiometric value of TPEF‐GSH increased with the decrease of GSH concentration. Microinjection and co‐incubation were used to verify whether the ratiometric value could quantify endogenous GSH in tumor‐bearing zebrafish, and the obtained GSH levels were 4.66 mM and 5.16 mM, respectively. The ratio TPEF probe could accurately visualize and quantify GSH in vivo, reflecting the redox status of the tumor. The design of the ratiometric molecular probe provides a reliable strategy for the development of TPEF nanoprobe in vivo. In this article, a new GSH sensitive molecular probe, TPEF‐GSH, has been developed with good specificity and sensitivity. TPEF‐GSH was successfully used to image cancer cells in vitro and tumor‐bearing zebrafish in vivo, and to further detect GSH levels.
Identification, isolation, and characterization of two novel impurities from phenothiazine heterocycle derivative: Perphenazine and their control in the process
Authors: Chaudhari Ashok , Pramanik Chinmoy , Patil Pradeep , Vedpathak Hanmant , Bandishti Mahesh , Tripathy Narendra K. , Gurjar Mukund K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDuring the process development of perphenazine, two unknown impurities were found by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. These two impurities were further identified, isolated, and characterized form the mother liquor. These two impurities were found novel in the process of perphenazine. Also the reaction conditions were controlled for commercial manufacturing of perphenazine with overall good yield and minimal side reactions with control of these two novel impurities.
Anti‐inflammatory and anti‐aggregating effects of rangpur in the first trimester of growth: ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–electrospray mass spectrometry profile and quantification of hesperidin
Authors: Lemos da Silva Layzon A , de Athayde Amanda E , Moreira Monalisa A , Tizziani Tiago , Gkionis Stephanie V , da Silva Lucas V , Biavatti Maique W , de Moraes Ana Carolina R , dos Santos Nascimento Marcus V P , Dalmarco Eduardo M , Sandjo Louis P 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDCitrus fruits are a rich source of valuable molecules, and their industrial processing produces bagasses, little explored to generate important by‐products. These Citrus residues, including seeds and peels, also contain numerous pharmacologically important substances. To reduce the impact of these Citrus by‐products, young, harvested fruits could be used as a functional supplemental food while another part is grown until maturity for industrial production. This study therefore aims to valorize rangpur (Citrus limonia) in the first 3 months of its growth by investigating and comparing its monthly chemical profiles using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–electrospray mass spectrometry (UPLC–ESI–MS) and its anti‐inflammatory and antiplatelet activity.RESULTSExtracts obtained from the fruits harvested in November, December, and January, 2017 and 2018 (L221117, L161217, and L160118) showed different UPLC–ESI–MS profiles. Twenty‐five of the 26 detected metabolites were identified as cyclitol, pyrrolidine betaine, aryl propanoyl esters, chlorogenic acids, flavonoids, coumarins, and limonoids. Quantification studies indicated an increased concentration of hesperidin from the younger fruits to the older fruits of the series. L160118 reduced nitrogen oxide (NOx), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), and interleukin 6 (IL‐6) levels more than other extracts. Their activity followed the same trends as the hesperidin concentration in each fruit. In contrast, the most promising antiplatelet activity was observed with the extracts from the two youngest fruits. This suggests combined effects of the chemical components found in these fruits' extracts.CONCLUSIONThe extracts obtained from these young fruits showed considerable anti‐inflammatory and antiplatelet activity. Overall, young rangpur could be used as raw material to produce functional foods without producing any waste. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Proteomic analyses of mitochondrial damage in postmortem beef muscles
Authors: Liu Chunmei , Wei Qichao , Li Xia , Han Dong , Liu Jiqian , Huang Feng , Zhang Chunhui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of the study was to examine the expression profiles of mitochondrial proteins in at‐death and 24 h postmortem (PM) using tandem mass tag (TMT) approach to characterize the mitochondria possible mechanisms that are affiliated with tenderization.RESULTSResults showed that the tender meat at 24 h PM emerged with more serious mitochondrial damage. Altogether 456 mitochondrial proteins were identified, including 442 down‐regulated and 14 up‐regulated proteins. These differentially‐expressed proteins were primarily involved in the progress of PM energy metabolism, apoptosis, and the morphological alterations of mitochondrial. Among them, 47 subunits (such as NDUFA2, COX4I1, and ATP5PB) were annotated into the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. VDAC1, VDAC2, and VDAC3 involving in the damage of MPTP, and IMMT, CHCHD3, APOL and APOO modulating the morphology of mitochondria, and DIABLO and AIFM1 released from mitochondria affect caspase's activation. HSPD1 and HSPE1 involved in apoptosis, mitochondrial physiological and morphological alterations.CONCLUSIONThe earlier‐mentioned proteins were validated as potential indicators of tenderness regulated by mitochondrial damage. These results highlighted that mitochondrial damage possibly participate in PM tenderization of beef muscles by energy metabolism and cell apoptosis status. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Chemical profiling of Qingfei Paidu Decoction by triplex off‐line two‐dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Shen Aijin , Zhou Weijia , Xiong Lele , Jin Hongli , Yu Long , Wu Huimin , Yu Wenyi , Yu Dongping , Guo Zhimou , Liu Yanfang , Liang Xinmiao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractQingfei Paidu Decoction is a Chinese medicine formula that has been proved effective in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019. However, the comprehensive separation and characterization of Qingfei Paidu Decoction are of a great challenge due to the diversity of chemical components in a wide range of polarity. In this study, a triplex off‐line two‐dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry is developed for the analysis of Qingfei Paidu Decoction. One reversed‐phase liquid chromatography×hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography system and two reversed‐phase liquid chromatography×reversed phase liquid chromatography systems were constructed to separate polar components and weak‐polar components in Qingfei Paidu Decoction, respectively. Benefiting from the good orthogonality of two‐dimensional liquid chromatography and high sensitivity of quadrupole time‐of‐flight MS, chemical components with different polarities and content were discovered. A total of 749 peaks were detected in positive and negative ionization mode and presented as a four‐dimensional data plot. Meanwhile, 498 compounds belonging to 14 categories were tentatively identified. These results provide good supplementary to elucidate the material basis of Qingfei Paidu Decoction. The triplex off‐line two‐dimensional liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry strategy can be a powerful and efficient tool for the separation and characterization of chemical substances in traditional Chinese medicine formulas.
Salting‐out homogeneous liquid‐liquid microextraction for the determination of azole drugs in human urine: Validation using total error concept
Authors: Manousi Natalia , Vlachaki Adamantia , Kika Fotini S. , Markopoulou Catherine K. , Tzanavaras Paraskevas D. , Zacharis Constantinos K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA salting‐out homogeneous liquid‐liquid microextraction was proposed for the quantification of four azole drugs in human urine prior to high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis. The procedure involved the mixing of the sample with acetonitrile in appropriate volumes followed by the addition of sodium sulfate solution in order to facilitate phase separation. The parameters influencing the extraction performance were studied and optimized using a two‐step experimental design. The analytical procedure was thoroughly validated using the accuracy profiles as a graphical decision‐making tool. The β‐expectation tolerance intervals did not exceed the acceptance criteria of ±15% meaning that 95% of future results will be included in the defined bias limits. The limits of detection of the procedure were satisfactory, ranging between 0.01 and 0.03 μg/mL. The mean analytical bias in the spiking levels was satisfactory and ranged between –10.3 and 4.2% while the relative standard deviation was lower than 5.6%. Monte‐Carlo simulations followed by capability analysis were employed to investigate the ruggedness of the sample preparation protocol. The developed method offers advantages compared to previously reported approaches for the same type of analysis including extraction efficiency and scaling down of the sample volume and extraction time.
Optimum design and thermal modeling for 2D and 3D natural convection problems incorporating level set‐based topology optimization with body‐fitted mesh
Authors: Li Hao , Kondoh Tsuguo , Jolivet Pierre , Furuta Kozo , Yamada Takayuki , Zhu Benliang , Zhang Heng , Izui Kazuhiro , Nishiwaki Shinji 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPassive heat sinks cooled by natural convection are reliable, compact, and low‐noise. They are widely used in telecommunication devices, LEDs, and so forth. This work builds upon the recent advancements in fluid topology optimization (TO) to present a case study of two‐ and three‐dimensional optimum design and thermal modeling for the natural convection problems using a reaction–diffusion equation (RDE)‐based level‐set method. To this end, first, a high‐fidelity thermal‐fluid model is constructed where the full Navier–Stokes equations are strongly coupled with the energy equation through the Boussinesq approximation. We benchmark our simulation solver against the experimental analysis and other numerical analysis methods. Next, we carefully investigate the flow behavior under different Grashof numbers using a fully transient simulation solver. Then, we revisit the RDE‐based level‐set TO methodology and construct an open‐source parallel TO framework. The main findings reveal that using the body‐fitted mesh adaptation, the proposed methodology can capture the explicit fluid–solid boundary and we are free of the continuation approach to penalize the design variable to the binary structure. A moderately large‐scale TO problem with DOFs can be solved in parallel on a standard multi‐process platform. Our numerical implementation uses FreeFEM for finite element analysis, PETSc for distributed linear algebra, and Mmg for mesh adaptation. For comparison and for accessing our various techniques, a variety of 2D and 3D benchmarks are presented to support these remarkable features.
Systematic literature review of insulin dose adjustments when initiating hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Blaine Emily , Tumlinson Robin , Colvin Marion , Haynes Tyler , Whitley Heather P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractChronically uncontrolled hyperglycemia is the leading cause of end stage kidney disease (ESKD) necessitating dialysis. During times of transition to hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD), considerations must be given to insulin dosing adjustments for persons with diabetes (PWD) in efforts to maintain glycemic control. However, the literature is sparse with few clear and direct practical clinical recommendations for therapeutic insulin dosing adjustments in PWD and ESKD. The objective of this systematic review was to identify and report the evidence and gaps in the literature for adjustments in therapeutic insulin recommendations when initiating HD or PD in patients with ESKD and diabetes mellitus. A literature search using PubMed, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov revealed 242 results. After removing duplicates and articles not reaching pre‐specified criteria, 29 relevant articles remained for further analysis. Following the exclusion of 18 articles after full‐text review due to lack of relevance or inappropriate publication type, 11 articles remained and were included in the review. The most common recommendation regarding HD was to reduce the basal insulin dose up to 25% on HD days to prevent hypoglycemia, although a lack of consensus exists on the percent reduction. Little information was found relating to insulin management with continuous ambulatory PD or automated PD. During PD, insulin may be administered subcutaneously, IP, or with the dialysis fluid. Administration of insulin with dialysate may necessitate a dose increase of up to 30% due to a loss to tubing and dilution. Furthermore, the use of dextrose‐based dialysate may require additional insulin to mitigate systemic impact of dextrose absorption on BG. Overall, a gap exists in the primary literature regarding recommendations for prophylactically adjusting insulin therapy when initiating HD or PD, or when switching between the two. More research is needed to clarify ideal alterations in insulin dosing, administration techniques, and product selections for PWD and ESKD undergoing dialysis.