bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cavitation Suppression and Design Optimization in a Cryogenic Liquid Turbine Expander Based on Thermodynamic Cavitation and Entropy Production Analysis
Authors: Sun Shan , Song Peng , Sun Jinju , Sun Wanyou 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cryogenic liquid turbine expanders have emerged quite recently as a replacement of J–T valve for enhancing energy efficiency of industrial systems, such as air separation units (ASUs) and Supercritical Compressed Air Energy Storage systems. In the liquid turbine expander, the rotating impeller-induced swirling flow and cavitation are essentially significant and intensive, which requests some in-depth work toward a thorough understanding flow physics and then effective attenuation. This study aims at effectively mitigating the swirling flow and cavitation. The entropy production analysis method (EPAM) is proposed to characterize the swirling flow and cavitation. It is then incorporated with the improved cavitation and turbulence models and validated through the simulation of the Hord's liquid nitrogen hydrofoil. To mitigate the swirling flow and subsequent cavitation, the design optimization method is developed, in which a novel optimization objective function is constituted by incorporating the local entropy production rate and vapor volume fraction to capture the mechanical energy dissipation and cryogenic cavitating flow physics; the non-uniform relational B-Splines and free form deformation (NURBS–FFD) parametric method is used to facilitate a flexible variation in impeller blade and diffuser vane geometries. It is solved within cfx frame by means of the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm coupling the Kriging-based adaptive surrogate model. With the design optimization, the impeller and vaned diffuser tube geometries are collaboratively fine-tuned, and the mechanical energy dissipation and cavitating flow across both the impeller and vaned diffuser tube is effectively mitigated.
Probing cosmic string spacetime through parameter estimation
Authors: Yang Ying , Jing Jiliang , Tian Zehua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractQuantum metrology studies the ultimate precision limit of physical quantities by using quantum strategy. In this paper we apply the quantum metrology technologies to the relativistic framework for estimating the deficit angle parameter of cosmic string spacetime. We use a two-level atom coupled to electromagnetic fields as the probe and derive its dynamical evolution by treating it as an open quantum system. We estimate the deficit angle parameter by calculating its quantum Fisher information(QFI). It is found that the quantum Fisher information depends on the deficit angle, evolution time, detector initial state, polarization direction, and its position. We then identify the optimal estimation strategies, i.e., maximize the quantum Fisher information via all the associated parameters, and therefore optimize the precision of estimation. Our results show that for different polarization cases the QFIs have different behaviors and different orders of magnitude, which may shed light on the exploration of cosmic string spacetime.
$$\Lambda _b\rightarrow p$$ transition form factors in perturbative QCD
Authors: Han Jia-Jie , Li Ya , Li Hsiang-nan , Shen Yue-Long , Xiao Zhen-Jun , Yu Fu-Sheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe reanalyze the $$\Lambda _b\rightarrow p$$

Λ
b

→
p

transition form factors in the perturbative QCD (PQCD) approach by including higher-twist light-cone distribution amplitudes (LCDAs) of a $$\Lambda _b$$

Λ
b

baryon and a proton. The previous PQCD evaluation performed decades ago with only the leading-twist $$\Lambda _b$$

Λ
b

baryon and proton LCDAs gave the form factors, which are two orders of magnitude smaller than indicated by experimental data. We find that the twist-4 $$\Lambda _b$$

Λ
b

baryon LCDAs and the twist-4 and -5 proton LCDAs contribute dominantly, and the enhanced form factors become consistent with those from lattice QCD and other nonperturbative methods. The estimated branching ratios of the semileptonic decays $$\Lambda _b\rightarrow p\ell {\bar{\nu }}_\ell $$

Λ
b

→
p
ℓ

ν

¯

ℓ

and the hadronic decay $$\Lambda _b\rightarrow p\pi $$

Λ
b

→
p
π

are also close to the data. It implies that the b quark mass is not really heavy enough, and higher-power contributions play a crucial role, similar to the observation made in analyses of B meson transition form factors. With the formalism established in this work, we are ready to study various exclusive heavy baryon decays systematically in the PQCD approach.
Effect of hyperon interaction on properties of proto neutron star PSR J0740+6620
Authors: Zhao Xian-Feng , Liu Ting-Ping 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe effect of the interaction between hyperons on the properties of proto neutron star (PNS) PSR J0740+6620 is examined with relativistic mean field theory in consideration of a baryon octet. The nucleon coupling constant GM1 is used and the temperature of the PNS is chosen as T = 20 MeV. Under the constraint of the mass of the PNS PSR J0740+6620 M = 2.14 M$$_{\odot }$$

⊙

, the PNS’s radius decreases by 0.13% from R = 14.262 km to R = 14.243 km, the central chemical potential of the neutron increases by 0.23% from $$\mu _{n,c}$$

μ

n
,
c

= 6.868 fm$$^{-1}$$

-
1

to $$\mu _{n,c}$$

μ

n
,
c

= 6.884 fm$$^{-1}$$

-
1

, the central chemical potential of the electron decreases by 1.4% from $$\mu _{e,c}$$

μ

e
,
c

= 1.001 fm$$^{-1}$$

-
1

to $$\mu _{e,c}$$

μ

e
,
c

= 0.987 fm$$^{-1}$$

-
1

and the central energy density increases by 1.4% from $$\varepsilon _{c}$$

ε
c

= 1.117$$\times 10^{15}$$

×

10
15

g cm$$^{-3}$$

-
3

to $$\varepsilon _{c}$$

ε
c

= 1.133$$\times 10^{15}$$

×

10
15

g cm$$^{-3}$$

-
3

, taking into account the interaction between the hyperons. The interaction between hyperons also has an effect on the effective mass and the effect is greatest at the centers of PNSs. Baryons n, p, $$\varLambda $$
Λ
, $$\varSigma ^{+}$$

Σ
+

, $$\varSigma ^{0}$$

Σ
0

, $$\varSigma ^{-}$$

Σ
-

, $$\varXi ^{0}$$

Ξ
0

and $$\varXi ^{-}$$

Ξ
-

all will be generated in PNS PSR J0740+6620 regardless of whether the interaction between hyperons is considered. Considering the interaction between hyperons, the relative density of n decreases, while the relative density of p, $$\varLambda $$
Λ
, $$\varSigma ^{+}$$

Σ
+

, $$\varSigma ^{0}$$

Σ
0

, $$\varSigma ^{-}$$

Σ
-

, $$\varXi ^{0}$$

Ξ
0

and $$\varXi ^{-}$$

Ξ
-

increases, indicating that more n are converted into p and hyperons such as $$\varLambda $$
Λ
, $$\varSigma ^{+}$$

Σ
+

, $$\varSigma ^{0}$$

Σ
0

, $$\varSigma ^{-}$$

Σ
-

, $$\varXi ^{0}$$

Ξ
0

and $$\varXi ^{-}$$

Ξ
-

in the PNS.
The Extraterritorial Voting Rights and Restrictions Dataset (1950–2020)
Authors: Wellman Elizabeth Iams , Allen Nathan W. , Nyblade Benjamin 
Published: August 2022

This paper introduces the Extraterritorial Rights and Restrictions dataset (EVRR), the first global time-series dataset of non-resident citizen voting policies and procedures. Although there have been previous efforts to document external voting, no existing data source simultaneously captures the scale (195 countries), time frame (71 years), and level of detail concerning extraterritorial voting rights and restrictions (over 20 variables). After a brief overview of prior datasets, we introduce EVRR coding criteria with a focus on conceptual clarity and transparency. Descriptive analysis of the dataset reveals both the steady expansion of extraterritorial voting as well as several regional and temporal trends of voting rights restrictions. Finally, we revisit and extend the work of two groundbreaking cross-national studies focused on the causes and effects of external voting rights. Using EVRR data we demonstrate that including more fine-grained aspects of extraterritorial voting provisions in these analyses improves understanding of important political and economic outcomes.
Auditory Sequences Presented With Spearcons Support Better Multiple Patient Monitoring Than Single-Patient Alarms: A Preclinical Simulation
Authors: Deschamps Marie-Lys , Sanderson Penelope , Waxenegger Harald , Mohamed Ismail , Loeb Robert G. 
Published: August 2022

Objective A study of auditory displays for simulated patient monitoring compared the effectiveness of two sound categories (alarm sounds indicating general risk categories from international alarm standard IEC 60601-1-8 versus event-specific sounds according to the type of nursing unit) and two configurations (single-patient alarms versus multi-patient sequences). Background Fieldwork in speciality-focused high dependency units (HDU) indicated that auditory alarms are ambiguous and do not identify which patient has a problem. We tested whether participants perform better using auditory displays that identify the relevant patient and problem. Method During simulated patient monitoring of four patients in a respiratory HDU, 60 non-clinicians heard either (a) IEC risk categories as single-patient alarm sounds, (b) event-specific categories as single-patient alarm sounds, (c) IEC risk categories in multi-patient sequences or (d) event-specific categories in multi-patient sequences. Participants performed a perceptual-motor task while monitoring patients; after detecting abnormal events, they identified the patient and the event. Results Participants hearing multi-patient sequences made fewer wrong patient identifications than participants hearing single-patient alarms. Advantages of event-specific categories emerged when IEC risk category sounds indicated more than one potential event. Even when IEC and event-specific sounds indicated the same unique event, spearcons supported better event identification than did auditory icon sounds. Conclusion Auditory displays that unambiguously convey which patient is having what problem dramatically improve monitoring performance in a preclinical HDU simulation. Application Time-compressed speech assists development of detailed risk categories needed in specific HDU contexts, and multi-patient sound sequences allow multiple patient wellbeing to be monitored.
A Comparison of Distance and On-Campus Learning Models to Prepare Teachers of Students With Visual Impairments
Authors: Hong Sunggye , Topor Irene , Erin Jane 
Published: August 2022

Introduction Since the 1970s, many universities and agencies have prepared professionals in visual impairment through distance educational approaches, including concentrated off-campus courses, video and telephone connections, and synchronous or asynchronous online methods. Although online professional preparation in visual impairment has become common, there is little data that compares outcomes of on-campus instruction with distance education methods. This article reports follow-up data from a federally funded graduate university program that prepares teachers of students with visual impairments: It compares results from a survey that describes how on-campus and distance education students perceived the quality of their preparation. Methods An online survey was sent to 37 bachelor’s degree students who had earned certification as teachers of students with visual impairments. 27 students returned usable surveys, in which they reported relevant demographic information and current job roles. The survey included 13 demographic questions about employment and setting. Eight questions related to general evaluation of their preparation program, and 22 questions related to perceived competence in skills needed to prepare teachers of students with visual impairments. Results There were few differences between perceptions of students who were prepared in the full-time on-campus model and those who were prepared through distance education. Most respondents were graduates working as itinerant teachers in public schools or specialized school settings. With regard to perceptions of their own skills related to visual impairment, only the item on assistive technology showed a significant difference between the two models. Students in distance education perceived themselves as less well prepared in that area. Discussion Given the increased shift toward distance learning caused by the COVID-19 virus, the authors suggest that a broad-based national study of outcomes related to distance learning in visual impairment might offer more detailed insights into the quality of teaching produced through distance learning.
Medical students’ perspectives on how COVID-19 has impacted their otolaryngology educational experience: A nationwide survey study
Authors: Habib Andy M. , Yu Victoria , Yu Michelle , Levi Jessica R. , Gudis David A. , Overdevest Jonathan 
Published: August 2022

Objectives To evaluate how medical students perceive COVID-19 has impacted various otolaryngology educational experiences and appreciate useful adaptations/resources that can be implemented moving forward. Methods We circulated a web-based questionnaire among pre-clinical/clinical medical students. Participants were asked to rate their experiences in the realms of research, clinical exposure, faculty interaction, interest group (IG) activities, advising, and USMLE preparation considering the COVID-19 pandemic. Qualitative responses were mapped into thematic domains. Results Completed responses from 201 medical students demonstrated an effect across all educational activities. Pre-clinical students experienced a negative impact on their IG involvement (77%; 86/111) and clinical students reported a diminished clinical experience (60%; 40/67), with 54% (36/67) citing below-expectation surgical exposure. Overall, 51% (90/178) of students reported a perceived decrease in beneficial otolaryngology career advising, decreased research involvement (57%, 101/178), and reduced faculty interaction (79%, 141/178). Faculty mentorship programs, curated video resources, and online question banks were selected as valuable resources during COVID-19 (21%, 20%, and 13% of selections, respectively) that may offer ongoing benefit. Free-response feedback also indicated that COVID-19 negatively impacted students’ mental well-being and inhibited opportunities to complete away sub-internships. As for supplemental resources, students appreciated virtual grand rounds/teaching, interest group events, online resources, and meetings with attendings/residents. Conclusions According to students, COVID-19 negatively impacted a broad array of otolaryngology educational experiences including research, faculty interaction, and interest group involvement. Students also indicated several well-received adaptations, such as virtual mentorship programs, curated video materials, remote research opportunities, and online question banks. This feedback helps contextualize selection committee decisions and, importantly, assists clerkship directors and undergraduate medical educators to optimize their curriculums.
Prognostic Analysis of Individualized Treatments of Malignant Tumors Primary From Maxillary Sinus
Authors: Qian Shi  , Wang Ru , Hou Lizhen , Huang Zhigang , Ma Hongzhi , Zhang Yuan , Zhong Qi , Feng Ling , He Shizhi , Chen Xiaohong , Li Pingdong , Yang Yifan , Li Yunxia , Zhang Luo , Fang Jugao 
Published: August 2022

Objectives To investigate the prognosis and quality of life for primary malignant maxillary sinus tumors. Methods This was a retrospective analysis. 164 patients diagnosed with primary malignant maxillary sinus tumors between 2005 and 2018 were recruited. Patients were treated according to the pathological type and the lesion range. Prognostic differences of different pathological types, surgical resection methods, repair methods, treatment methods, and different local recurrence sites were analyzed. Survival analysis and prognostic factors analysis were performed. Results Overall survival (OS) rate was 74.7% at 3 years, 60.5% at 5 years, and 45.8% at 10 years. Disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 67.2% at 3 years, 45.6% at 5 years, and 30.8% at 10 years. There was significant difference in OS rate among different pathological types (χ2 = 14.18, P < 0.05). The order of 5-year OS rate was as follows: malignant transformation of inverted Papilloma (77.7%) > adenoid cystic carcinoma (74.1%) > squamous cell carcinoma (48.4%) > sarcoma (22.1%). The order of disease-free survival was as follows: total maxillary resection > subtotal maxillary resection > endoscopic nasal tumor resection ≥enlarged maxillary resection, the 5-year DFS rate were 68.6%, 53.5%, 46.2%, and 42.9%, respectively. The OS of postoperative radiotherapy was significantly better than that of preoperative radiotherapy (χ2 = 7.16, P < 0.05). There was significant difference in OS between recurrent and non-recurrent patients (χ2 = 68.57, P < 0.05). Conclusions The pathological type and the timing of radiotherapy are independent prognostic factors for primary malignant tumor of maxillary sinus. In addition, different local surgical resection methods are independent factors affecting the recurrence rate.
Ciliary Beat Frequency: Proceedings and Recommendations from a Multi-laboratory Ring Trial Using 3-D Reconstituted Human Airway Epithelium to Model Mucociliary Clearance
Authors: Behrsing Holger P. , Wahab Adam , Ukishima Lindsey , Grodi Chad , Frentzel Stefan , Johne Stephanie , Ishikawa Shinkichi , Ito Shigeaki , Wieczorek Roman , Budde Jessica , Keyser Brian M. , Haswell Linsey E. , Thorne David , Bishop Emma , Breheny Damien , Cao Xuefei , Qin Qin , Patel Vivek 
Published: August 2022

The use of reconstituted human airway (RHuA) epithelial tissues to assess functional endpoints is highly relevant in respiratory toxicology, but standardised methods are lacking. In June 2015, the Institute for In Vitro Sciences (IIVS) held a technical workshop to evaluate the potential for standardisation of methods, including ciliary beat frequency (CBF). The applicability of a protocol suggested in the workshop was assessed in a multi-laboratory ring study. This report summarises the findings, and uses the similarities and differences identified between the laboratories to make recommendations for researchers in the absence of a validated method. Two software platforms for the assessment of CBF were used — Sisson-Ammons Video Analysis (SAVA; Ammons Engineering, Clio, MI, USA) and ciliaFA (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). Both were utilised for multiple read temperatures, one objective strength (10×) and up to four video captures per tissue, to assess their utility. Two commercial RHuA tissue cultures were used: MucilAir™ (Epithelix, Geneva, Switzerland) and EpiAirway™ (MatTek, Ashland, MA, USA). IL-13 and procaterol were used to induce CBF-specific responses as positive controls. Further testing addressed the impact of tissue acclimation duration, the number of capture fields and objective strengths on baseline CBF readings. Both SAVA and ciliaFA reliably collected CBF data. However, ciliaFA failed to generate accurate CBF measurements above ∼10 Hz. The positive controls were effective, but were subject to inter-laboratory variability. CBF endpoints were generally uniform across replicate tissues, objective strengths and laboratories. Longer tissue acclimation increased the percentage active area, but had minimal impact on CBF. Taken together, these findings support the development and validation of a standardised CBF measurement protocol.
Perceived occupational engagement and gaps among community-dwelling older adults in Malaysia
Authors: Haidhir Harnisha B , Dahlan Akehsan B 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Engagement in occupations is an essential aspect of daily life among older people. Changes in age are often associated with changes in the pattern of engagement in occupations. However, the relationship between the actual and desired activities pattern of occupational engagement remains unclear among community-dwelling older adults in Malaysia. This study aimed to determine occupational engagement for each activity and occupational gaps related to domains among the older adults. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted among 335 community-dwelling older people, using the Malay version of the Occupational Gaps Questionnaire (OGQ-M). Findings: The findings indicate that there are significant differences in occupational engagement across domains: leisure ( p < 0.001), social ( p = 0.04) and total occupational domains ( p < 0.001). There is a significant difference between actual and desired performed activities in doing laundry ( p = 0.031), outdoor activities ( p < 0.001), listening to the radio and watching television/video ( p = 0.003), helping and supporting others ( p = 0.019), travelling for pleasure ( p < 0.001) and performing voluntary work ( p = 0.025). Conclusion: In conclusion, OGQ is a useful tool in screening the occupational gaps among community-dwelling older adults. Age, health and continuity of roles and responsibility as caretakers of the family are several factors that lead to higher occupational gaps among the older people in the community. With the emergence of occupational engagement and gaps, advancements in health care delivery are necessary for retirement planning among community-dwelling older adults in enhancing active participation towards better retirement life.
Computational optimum design of natural convection in a concentric and eccentric annular cylinder using nanofluids
Authors: Azzawi Itimad DJ , Hasan Ahmed F , Yahya Samir Gh 
Published: August 2022

Free convection of various nanofluids inside concentric and eccentric annular cavity with internal heat flux, fully filled with porous media is studied numerically and its heat transfer rate and pressure drop are examined. The impact of inner cylinder inclination angles (βecc = 45°, 135°, 225°, and 270°) and nanofluids (Al2O3/water, CuO/water and SiO2/water) for different heat flux (1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 w/m2) on the heat transfer rate are evaluated. Initially, a validation process has been implemented to ensure that the predicted results obtained from this model are accurate. Results indicate that Al2O3 Nanofluid provides a better enhancement in the heat transfer rate when compared to SiO2 and Cu Nanofluids. Furthermore, the heat transfer coefficient increased with the inclination angle of βecc = 225°, and maximum heat transfer occurred at a heat flux of 4000 W/m2, which was roughly 6% greater than the concentric annular cylinder. The findings also indicated that while increasing the eccentricity has a minor impact on the heat transfer rate for convection-dominated flows (high heat flux), on the other hand, it has a significant impact on the heat transfer rate for conduction-dominated flows (low heat flux).