bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Explainable Machine Learning Forecasts to Discover Subseasonal Drivers of High Summer Temperatures in Western and Central Europe
Authors: van Straaten Chiem , Whan Kirien , Coumou Dim , van den Hurk Bart , Schmeits Maurice 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Reliable subseasonal forecasts of high summer temperatures would be very valuable for society. Although state-of-the-art numerical weather prediction (NWP) models have become much better in representing the relevant sources of predictability like land and sea surface states, the subseasonal potential is not fully realized. Complexities arise because drivers depend on the state of other drivers and on interactions over multiple time scales. This study applies statistical modeling to ERA5 data, and explores how nine potential drivers, interacting on eight time scales, contribute to the subseasonal predictability of high summer temperatures in western and central Europe. Features and target temperatures are extracted with two variations of hierarchical clustering, and are fitted with a machine learning (ML) model based on random forests. Explainable AI methods show that the ML model agrees with physical understanding. Verification of the forecasts reveals that a large part of predictability comes from climate change, but that reliable and valuable subseasonal forecasts are possible in certain windows, like forecasting monthly warm anomalies with a lead time of 15 days. Contributions of each driver confirm that there is a transfer of predictability from the land and sea surface state to the atmosphere. The involved time scales depend on lead time and the forecast target. The explainable AI methods also reveal surprising driving features in sea surface temperature and 850 hPa temperature, and rank the contribution of snow cover above that of sea ice. Overall, this study demonstrates that complex statistical models, when made explainable, can complement research with NWP models, by diagnosing drivers that need further understanding and a correct numerical representation, for better future forecasts.
Geographic Variation in Otolaryngologist Intranasal Steroid Prescribing Patterns Among Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Wu Franklin M. , Ulloa Ruben , Badash Ido , Hur Kevin 
Published: February 2022

Background: Intranasal corticosteroids (INCS) are a commonly prescribed medication to treat various rhinological conditions. However, no prior studies have looked at factors and patterns that influence the rates of INCS prescriptions among Medicare beneficiaries in the United States. Objective: This study aims to describe the patterns of INCS prescriptions by otolaryngologists for Medicare beneficiaries in the United States between 2013 and 2017. Methods: Data on the most common INCS prescriptions by otolaryngologists for Medicare beneficiaries were obtained from the 2013 to 2017 Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data: Physician and Other Supplier Public Use File (PUF) and the Part D Public Use Files from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). INCS prescriptions were analyzed by cost, state, provider, and regional temperature. State temperature data was collected through the National Centers for Environmental Information. Results: From 2013 to 2017, the total claims per beneficiary for fluticasone, mometasone, and triamcinolone combined increased from 2.31 to 2.39. Combined cost/beneficiary was similar for mometasone and triamcinolone at 102.47 and 103.60 respectively, while it was much lower for fluticasone at 39.12. There was a strong correlation between otolaryngology providers per beneficiary in each state and total claims per state with a correlation coefficient of .79. Additionally, comparing the average state temperature to the claims/beneficiary yielded a moderately strong correlation coefficient of .44, suggesting that temperature was a possible factor for INCS prescription patterns. Conclusions: INCS prescriptions by otolaryngologists and the number of INCS beneficiaries have increased between 2013 and 2017. Over the same time period, the costs of fluticasone and triamcinolone have decreased while the cost of mometasone increased. Total providers by state correlated with claims per state. Additionally, average annual temperature was positively correlated with INCS claims per beneficiary in each state.
Online improvisation training, hybrid improvisation training and on-site improvisation training; are they the same?
Authors: Tsubota Miyako , Sumali Brian , Kai Mariko , Mitsukura Yasue 
Published: February 2022

Background: Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan in December 2019, lifestyle has been changing to an online-based learning and working environment rather than on-site, and improvisation training is no exception. However, no research compares the efficacy of online versus on-site training. Although we believed that the most effective way to learn improvisation is an on-site format, it is important to explore how format differences can affect learners. Method: We offer three types of training such as on-site training (n = 6) (Consisting of 1 female with age ≥40 and <50, and 5 males with ages ≥20 and <50), hybrid training (Instructor participates from online and learners participate on-site) (n = 120) (Consisting of 55 female with age ≥15 and <20, and 65 males with ages ≥15 and <50), and online training (n = 20) (Consisting of 4 female with age ≥20 and <30, and 16 males with ages ≥20 and <50) We collected pretest, test, and posttest data by using the Kansei Analyzer, a simplified electroencephalograph (EEG) and Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire. Results: All formats of training displayed an increase in vigor and a decrease in depression, confusion, tension, anger, and fatigue. The online training displayed better results than the on-site training. Regardless of the format, all training displayed an increase in stress during the activities and a decrease in stress after the activity without changes in other indexes. Additionally, on-site training displayed an increase in sleepiness and stress during the activities. Some participants were tested twice but no significant differences were found between the initial results and the secondary results. Conclusion: In this study, we found evidence that online improvisation can lead to the prevention of depressive symptoms and can function as a method for the reduction of stress in conjunction with the increase of individual vigor. However, a future study is required due to the low number of participants and the absence of POMS data for the on-site training. Any future studies should account for these factors while examining other data such as blood pressure, blood sugar, and pulse.
Growth Mindset Intervention Improves Performance of Highly Nontraditional Introductory Psychology Students at a Community College
Authors: Fink Angela , Mattson Paul S. , Cahill Michael J. , Frey Regina F. , McDaniel Mark A. 
Published: February 2022

Background Research suggests growth mindset interventions can support student achievement, particularly among students at risk of academic struggle, but it remains underspecified which at-risk populations will benefit from such interventions. Objectives This study aimed to experimentally evaluate whether highly (vs. moderately or minimally) nontraditional community college students would benefit from a growth mindset intervention and whether their performance differed at baseline and after the intervention. Method A sample of 155 students in introductory psychology at a 2-year community college was randomly assigned to complete a growth mindset or control intervention, and all participants completed an extensive background survey. Results Results showed improved exam performance among highly nontraditional students in the mindset (vs. control) condition but no benefit among other students. Highly nontraditional students showed similar pre-intervention performance to peers, but their exam scores declined more over the semester than did control peers. Conclusion Growth mindset interventions may offer a low-cost strategy for supporting nontraditional community college students at risk of a downward performance trajectory. Teaching Implications Instructors can use easily administered mindset interventions to support at-risk students’ academic performance. They may also wish to evaluate the performance-related messages they convey to students and work to create a growth-oriented classroom environment.
Confidence in and Valuing of Psychological Findings Among Preservice Teachers
Authors: Seifried Eva , Menz Cordelia , Spinath Birgit 
Published: February 2022

Background Teachers’ perception of psychology is of importance because they get in contact with psychology as a scientific discipline and should apply (educational) psychological findings. This requires a generally positive attitude toward corresponding findings, which should be fostered during teacher education. Objective The goal of this study was to examine preservice teachers’ perception of findings from psychology in general and educational psychology in particular, thereby differentiating between confidence in and valuing of the same. Method Two subsamples of n = 937 German preservice teachers and n = 310 psychology majors participated in an online survey. Results Compared with natural science disciplines or another “harder” psychological subdiscipline, preservice teachers perceived psychology as less scientific, and judged findings from psychology and educational psychology to be less credible but more valuable. While both confidence in and valuing of findings from psychology were higher among psychology majors than among preservice teachers, the opposite was true for educational psychology. However, all differences were rather small. Conclusion We conclude that preservice teachers’ perception of (educational) psychology is not alarmingly poor. Teaching Implications The high valuing of scientific findings from (educational) psychology could be used to also foster a broader reliance on scientific findings (examples are discussed).
When Opportunity Knocks: College Students’ Cheating Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Jenkins Baylee D. , Golding Jonathan M. , Le Grand Alexis M. , Levi Mary M. , Pals Andrea M. 
Published: February 2022

Background The COVID-19 pandemic led to significant, unforeseen changes in classroom instructions, including the evaluation of students. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate college students’ cheating both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of (a) preponderance of cheating, (b) the factors that may have led to an increase in the amount of cheating, and (c) the underlying reasons for and affective response to cheating. Method A sample of primarily Psychology majors ( N = 214) attending a public land-grant university in the southeastern U.S. voluntarily completed a survey at the end of the Fall 2020 semester. Results The results showed that the COVID-19 pandemic increased first time cheating, cheating in online classes was higher than that of in-person classes for most types of graded materials, and students are adept and adaptive at dealing with faculty attempts to combat cheating. Students’ primary reasons for cheating were “feeling pressure,” and “pandemic,” and students who had cheated reported feeling “relieved” most often. Conclusion With the onset of the pandemic and subsequent increase in online instruction, cheating behavior has also increased. Teaching Implications As online enrollment continues to grow, understanding students’ cheating behavior.
Implementing the Fast Friends Procedure to Build Camaraderie in a Remote Synchronous Teaching Setting
Authors: Chopik William J. , Oh Jeewon 
Published: February 2022

Introduction Improving students’ experiences in courses has always been important; one important method for facilitating discussions is an effective icebreaker activity. Statement of the Problem The move to remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic presented new challenges for fostering connections among students. Given the constraints in remote learning, teachers need effective and feasible ways to improve student experiences. Literature Review We reviewed traditional icebreaker activities and highlighted the potential for implementing the Fast Friends procedure in a remotely delivered synchronous class. This procedure involves a discussion guided by a series of increasingly intimate questions meant to enhance connection between unacquainted people. Teaching Implications Undergraduate and graduate students reported having a positive experience and building connections from the procedure, including enhanced classroom motivation. We share materials so interested readers and teachers can easily implement this. Conclusion The Fast Friends procedure is a promising icebreaker activity to include at the start of the semester that can help students have a positive experience and build connection with classmates.
Early and long-term outcomes of re-sternotomy for aortic valve replacement with patent coronary artery grafts
Authors: Luthra Suvitesh , Malvindi Pietro , Sarvananthan Sajiram , Okorocha Chiemezie , Ohri Sunil K 
Published: February 2022

Objective The aim was to evaluate early and long-term outcomes of re-sternotomy for aortic valve replacement (AVR) with previous patent coronary artery grafts. Methods Data for re-sternotomy for AVRs (group 1 isolated AVR, group 2 AVR with concomitant procedure) were collected (2000–2019). Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of in-hospital mortality and postoperative composite outcome (in-hospital death, transient ischemic attack/stroke, renal failure requiring new hemofiltration, deep sternal wound infection, re-exploration for bleeding/tamponade and length of stay >30 days). Survival curves were compared using log-rank test Cox proportion hazards model was used for predictors of long-term survival. Results Total 178 patients were included (groups 1–90 patients, group 2–88 patients). Mean age was 75 ± 4 years and mean log EuroSCORE was 17 ± 12% (15 ± 8% – group 1 vs. 19 ± 14% – group 2, p = 0.06). Mean follow-up was 6.3 ± 4.4 years. Cardiovascular injury occurred in 12%. Left internal mammary artery was most commonly injured. In-hospital mortality was 7.8% (5% – group 1 vs. 10.2% – group 2, p = 0.247). NYHA class III–IV, perioperative intra-aortic balloon pump and cardiovascular injury were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality (hazard ratio: 13.33, 95% confidence interval: 2.04–83.33, p = 0.007). Survival was significantly worse with cardiovascular injury at re-sternotomy up to 5 years (46% vs. 67%, p = 0.025) and postoperative complications ( p = 0.023). Survival was significantly lower than age-matched first-time AVR and UK population. Conclusions Long-term survival is significantly impaired by cardiovascular injury and perioperative complications of re-sternotomy.
Implementation of an acute palliative care unit for COVID-19 patients in a tertiary hospital: Qualitative data on clinician perspectives
Authors: Seibel Katharina , Couné Bettina , Mueller Michael , Boehlke Christopher , Simon Steffen T , Bausewein Claudia , Becker Gerhild 
Published: February 2022

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, it has become apparent that palliative care has dynamically adapted to the care of dying patients with and without COVID-19 and has developed new forms of collaboration. Evaluation is needed to assess which innovations should be integrated into future pandemic management. Aim: To explore the experiences of stakeholders and staff in implementing and operating an ad hoc unit delivering acute palliative care. What lessons were learned? Design: Qualitative interview study (German Clinical Trials Register; identifier 22,473) with qualitative content analysis. Setting/participants: During the first wave of the pandemic, the University Medical Center Freiburg (Germany) established an ad hoc unit delivering acute palliative care for COVID-19 patients likely to die. Nurses from non-palliative areas and the specialist palliative care team formed a new team working together there. Twenty-nine individuals from management and staff of this unit were interviewed. Results: Patient care and teamwork were rated positively. Joint familiarization, bedside teaching, and team/management support were evaluated as core elements for success. Challenges for the nurses from non-palliative settings included adapting to palliative care routines and culture of care. The palliative care team had to adjust the high standards of palliative care to pandemic conditions. Due to sufficient hospital-wide capacity, only three COVID-19 patients were treated, significantly fewer than anticipated at planning. Conclusions: Results show the feasibility of an ad hoc COVID-19 acute palliative care unit. In the event of capacity constraints, such a unit can be a viable part of future pandemic management.
Double-Bundle Versus Single-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Patients With Significant Passive Anterior Tibial Subluxation
Authors: Lin Lin , Wang Haijun , Wang Yongjian , Wang Jian , Liu Yang , Yu Jiakuo 
Published: February 2022

Background: Passive anterior tibial subluxation (PATS) is often observed in patients with anterior cruciate ligament tears. Postoperative outcomes of double-bundle (DB) and single-bundle (SB) anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with significant PATS (>6 mm) are unclear. Hypothesis: DB-ACLR could achieve better stability and clinical outcomes than SB-ACLR in patients with PATS >6 mm. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Retrospective analysis was peformed on 626 consecutive patients who underwent primary anatomic ACLR between October 2016 and November 2017. Anterior subluxation of the lateral and medial compartments in extension relative to the femoral condyles was measured on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging scans. Among patients who demonstrated significant PATS (>6 mm) in the lateral compartment, 54 who underwent DB-ACLR (study group) were matched to 54 who underwent SB-ACLR (control group). PATS, stability (pivot-shift test and KT-2000 arthrometer), the Lysholm score, and the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) grade were investigated preoperatively and at 3- to 4-year follow-up. Results: The preoperative mean PATS values in the lateral and medial compartments were not significantly different between groups (control vs study: lateral compartment, 8.1 ± 1.8 vs 8.5 ± 2.1 mm; medial compartment, 5.2 ± 1.9 vs 5.4 ± 1.9 mm; P > .05). Postoperatively, mean PATS values in the lateral and medial compartments of the study group were significantly improved as compared with the control group (control vs study: lateral compartment, 5.9 ± 2.8 vs 3.2 ± 4.1 mm; medial compartment, 3.7 ± 2.9 vs 1.4 ± 2.3 mm; P < .05). Significantly superior results were found for knee stability in the study group regarding the Lachman test (grade 0/1/2/3, study vs control: 29/22/3/0 vs 16/28/10/0; P = .031), pivot-shift test (grade 0/1/2/3, study vs control: 44/9/1/0 vs 30/19/5/0; P = .023), and KT-2000 arthrometer (study vs control: 2.5 ± 1.5 vs 3.9 ± 1.4 mm; P < .001). Clinical scores showed significantly better results in the study group in terms of IKDC score (study vs control: 87.9 ± 8.7 vs 81.2 ± 15.0; P = .01), Tegner activity score (study vs control: 6.0 ± 1.4 vs 4.9 ± 1.5; P < .001), and Lysholm score (study vs control: 91.7 ± 7.0 vs 86.3 ± 11.4; P = .004). Conclusion: DB-ACLR achieved better knee stability and clinical outcomes when compared with SB-ACLR in patients with PATS >6 mm at 3- to 4-year follow-up.
Assessing the Accuracy of International Classification of Diseases (ICD) Coding for Delirium
Authors: Chuen Victoria L , Chan Adrian C.H. , Ma Jin , Alibhai Shabbir M.H. , Chau Vicky 
Published: February 2022

Objective: We assessed the accuracy of the ICD-10 code for delirium (F05) and its relationship with delirium discharge summary documentation. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review at three academic hospitals. The Chart-based Delirium Identification Instrument (CHART-DEL) was used to identify 108 hospitalized patients aged ≥65 years with delirium, and 758 patients without delirium as controls. We assessed the proportion of patients who received the F05 code and calculated the sensitivity and specificity. We compared the rates of F05 code received between patients with and without “delirium” documented in the discharge summary. Results: Among delirious patients, 46.3% received a F05 code, which has a sensitivity of 46.3% and specificity of 99.6% for delirium. Of charts with “delirium” in the discharge summary ( n = 67), 67.2% were appropriately coded. Conclusions: Current ICD-10 data inadequately capture delirium. Delirium documentation in the discharge summary is associated with improved delirium coding.
Population Prevalence and Trends of Oral Clefts in Colombia: Analysis by Departments
Authors: Rengifo Reina Herney Alonso , Stefany Brigetty Guarnizo Peralta , Salomón Yezioro Rubinsky 
Published: February 2022

Determine the population prevalence and trends of cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) by department for Colombia in the period 2009 to 2015. Prevalence study based on Individual Registry of Health Services in general population from 2009 to 2015. All people diagnosed with CL/P were included for all ages, type of diagnosis, and any type of health services in the mentioned period. The prevalence was calculated by period and point for each year, for each department and according to the type of cleft. Stationarity on time series was evaluated using (Dickey-Fuller) and (Phillips-Perron). A trend test was applied to estimate whether the increase in prevalence was significant in the period. The trend test used was a Poisson regression. A total 15 225 people with CL/P were identified, where 53.3% were men. The national period prevalence of CL/P is 3.37 per 10 000 with upward trend (prevalence ratio = 1.34, P = .05) and nonstationary behavior. The national period prevalence of cleft lip is 0.93 per 10 000, cleft palate 1.17 per 10 000, and cleft lip and palate (CLP) 1.26 per 10 000, where CLP is subclassify into unilateral CLP (0.83 per 10 000) and bilateral CLP (0.43 per 10 000). At the departmental level, the highest CL/P prevalence is Guaviare (11.2), followed by Guainía (8.4) and the lowest Quindío (0.49). In Colombia, the national period prevalence of CL/P is 3.37 per 10 000 with upward trend at national level indicates an increase in prevalence from 2009 to 2015. The 77% of the total CL/P population are infant or adolescent. Geographically, the central region has the highest availability of technologies.