bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Update: Diversity and Practice Patterns of International Craniomaxillofacial Surgeons
Authors: Blum Jessica D. , Cho Daniel Y. , Villavisanis Dillan F. , Cheung Liana , Ng Jinggang , Plana Natalie M. , Swanson Jordan W. , Bartlett Scott P. , Taylor Jesse A. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
The authors’ group characterized the cranio-maxillo-facial workforce 10 years ago, revealing high levels of career satisfaction but significant gender disparity. This study provides an updated profile of the international cranio-maxillo-facial workforce.

Methods:
A 30-question electronic survey was distributed to 387 cranio-maxillo-facial surgeons with membership in the American Society of Craniofacial Surgeons, American Society of Maxillofacial Surgeons, and international Society of Craniofacial Surgery. Questions related to demographics, training background, practice setting, surgical volume, career satisfaction, and perceived discrimination. Independent samples t test was used to compare continuous variables.

Results:
The authors received 91 responses (response rate = 23.5%). The majority of respondents were White (n = 73, 80.2%), non-Hispanic (n = 85, 93.4%), heterosexual (n = 72, 79.1%), cisgender males (n = 74, 81.3%). Practice setting was primarily academic, 65.9% (n = 60) and group/hospital-based 88.3% (n = 68), with two-thirds of respondents practicing in the United States. Female surgeons reported earlier planned retirement (66 versus 70 years, P = 0.012) and more personal encounters with discrimination of any kind (69% versus 29%, P = 0.033). US craniofacial surgeons reported more racial and sexual orientation-based discrimination compared with non-US surgeons (P = 0.049 and P = 0.048, respectively). Older surgeons (>55 years old) reported less perceived gender discrimination (P = 0.041). There was no difference between subgroups in career satisfaction or likelihood of repeating/recommending a cranio-maxillo-facial fellowship.

Conclusions:
Female representation in cranio-maxillo-facial surgery on an international scale has increased over the past decade, but this study demonstrates persistent, disparate perception of workplace discrimination by gender, practice region, and age.
Implications of an Anatomical Variation of the Infraorbital Nerve in Orbital Floor Reconstruction
Authors: Abdelazeem Mohamed Hazem , Erdogan Özgür , Osman Mohamed Fouad , Awad Tarek Ahmed 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Fractures involving the orbital floor such as blow-out fractures may cause damage to the infraorbital nerve (ION). The integrity and course of the nerve should be evaluated preoperatively in order to prevent from such nerve injuries. The anatomy of the ION can show variations in significant number of patients, which should be taken into account in treatment planning. In this report, the authors present a patient with an isolated fracture of the orbital floor, who had abnormal anatomy of his both IONs. Our treatment approach for this patient is presented along with relevant literature findings.
Scalp Reconstruction Strategy Based on the Etiology of the Scalp Defects
Authors: Park Hojin , Min Jaechung , Oh Tae Suk , Jeong Woo Shik , Choi Jong-Woo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Scalp defects of various etiologies require distinct reconstruction strategies. Therefore, the authors divided scalp defects into the following categories: scar alopecia, open scalp wound, benign or low-grade malignant tumor, and high-grade malignancy. The authors reviewed the experience with scalp reconstruction of a single center to determine the factors that affect the reconstructive choices.
Patients who underwent scalp reconstruction between 2008 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Reconstruction methods were classified according to the etiology of the defect and were compared for each etiology. Accordingly, a reconstruction algorithm for scalp defects was proposed.
A total of 180 patients were included in this study, and the reconstruction methods demonstrated significant differences according to etiology (P < 0.05). For scar alopecia and open scalp wounds, reconstruction methods such as direct repair, local flap transfer, and tissue expander placement were used depending on the defect size. Patients with benign or low-grade malignancies mainly underwent reconstruction with local flaps or skin grafts and tissue expanders for covering the defects. Patients with high-grade malignancies underwent reconstruction with free flaps if they were scheduled for preoperative or postoperative radiation therapy.
Various factors, suchas the etiology, size, location, and depthofthe defect, should be considered in scalp reconstruction. The defect etiology is an important factor that determines the reconstructive goal. Our algorithm is based on the etiology of defects and is intended to aid physicians in choosing the appropriate treatment for various scalp defects.
Attractive Versus Golden Ratios: Formula of Utopian Beauty through Comparison of Facial Proportions among Worldwide Celebrities and Average People
Authors: Yalcinkaya Esin , Kocaman Sinan Altan , Yuksekkaya Mehmet 
Published: February 2022

Introduction:
Beauty criteria change according to trends, cultures, and expectations. So, the golden ratios are not enough to understand the actual beauty concept.

Objective:
It is aimed to create a method and formula to define beauty in terms of different facial measurements and ratios as variables.

Methods:
Frontal view photographs of 50 celebrities and 50 volunteers (female [n = 70] and male [n = 30]) were obtained. Thirty-three specific facial points were used. Fifty-nine measurements of distances between those points and ratios of those distances are used as statistical variables. Mean values of those variables for celebrities are compared with all participants.
Then, ‘‘total beauty score’’ using statically significant differences is defined. Points according to the importance level of interested value are assigned; 1 point for a significance of 0.001 ≤ P < 0.05 and 2 points for P < 0.001. Possible independent variables for the prediction of Utopian Beauty Score were determined using linear regression analysis. Finally, 10 variables (6 measurements and 4 ratios) are used to determine a formula for beauty.

Results:
In celebrities, the distance between head apex and hair border, lower lip vertical length, the distance between brow medial borders and forehead vertical length were higher than the average population (P < 0.001, 0.023, 0.034, 0.001, respectively). However, the width of columella, a length between bilateral ala nasi, horizontal face, and vertical nose length, and the distance between brow apexeyelash line were shorter (P = 0.005, < 0.001, < 0.001, < 0.001, < 0.001, respectively). Some study variables had severely significant correlations with the total beauty point (M29, r = –0.744, P < 0.001; R19, r =–0.745, P < 0.001; and R30, r = –0.735, P < 0.001). The linear regression formula for Utopian Beauty Score was determined according to statistically significant variables as y = 86.5 – 3.6 M5 + 8.1 M14 + 11.1 M20 – 6.4 M25–8.7 M29–10.3 M30–15.6 R19 + 9.3 R20 + 16.4 R25 + 18.3 R26.

Conclusions:
A large forehead, small nose with lifted tip, plump lip, brows with lateral apex, well-spaced eyes, and ovoid, elliptical face lines are seem to be more attractive. Additionally, a method to create a formula for beauty with variables of different measurements and ratios of facial points are determined.
Resection of Tumors Located in the Anterior Skull Base and Sellar Region Through the Supraorbital Keyhole Approach via a Forehead Wrinkle Incision: Modifications and Deficiencies
Authors: Yang Chi , Xie Haitong , Wang Jianbiao , Yang SiMing , Li Peng , Zhan Haibin , Wang Jingtao , Yu Danning , Hong Wenming , Wang Bin 
Published: February 2022

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of the supraorbital keyhole approach (SKA) via a forehead wrinkle incision in the resection of tumors in the anterior skull base and sellar region.Methods:Sixty patients with tumors located in the anterior skull base and sellar region treated through the SKA in our hospital from 2017 to 2020. The skin incision and bone flap position were designed individually according to the size and growth of the tumor. The clinical data of the patients were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Based on the feasibility of this surgical approach, personalized skin incisions and bone flaps were designed for different lesions. Among the 60 patients, gross total resection was achieved in 53 cases (88.3%), for meningiomas 97.8% (46/47) and near-total resection in 7 cases (11.7%). In the survey of the patients’ scale scores toward skin incision after operation, the “no pain” level was 90.0% (54/60) and 91.7% (55/60) for the level of “very satisfactory” of the aesthetic of the skin incision (as shown in Supplementary Digital Content, Table 2, http://links.lww.com/ SCS/D742). Three patients whose satisfaction with the aesthetic of the incision excelled scale 3, suggesting that they were not completely satisfied with the wound healing. No permanent skin incision discomfort was noted during follow-up. There were no surgical deaths.Conclusions:The SKA via forehead wrinkle incision is a flexible and feasible method for tumors near the midline of the anterior skull base and sellar region. However, this approach requires strict preoperative planning, which includes choosing appropriate tumors and applicable forehead wrinkles.
Endoscope-Assisted Extracapsular Resection of Benign Parotid Tumors Via Temporal and Retroauricular Approach
Authors: Zhu Jian-Hua , He Zheng , Zhang Lei 
Published: February 2022

Objective:
To evaluate the feasibility of endoscope-assisted extracapsular resection of benign parotid tumors via temporal and retroauricular approach.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 12 patients with parotid gland tumors had endoscope-assisted extracapsular resection performed via temporal and retroauricular approach (4 versus 8) between January 2018 and January 2019.

Results:
All tumors were benign with a median diameter of 2.32 ± 0.49 cm. The mean length of the skin incision was 3.5 ±0.35 cm. The mean operating time 86.7 ± 10.8 minutes. The median blood loss was 30.4 ± 5.94 ml. The median volume of drainage was 27.1 ± 8.88 ml and the duration of drainage was 2 ± 0.71 days. The mean aesthetics scoring assigned by patients was 9.67 ± 0.51. Two patients had numbness of the earlobe and 1 patient developed a transient salivary sialocele. No facial nerve paresis was observed and no tumor recurrence occurred during the follow-up period.

Conclusions:
The minimally invasive endoscope-assisted extracapsular resection of benign parotid tumors provide both a safe and reliable technique for benign parotid tumors with excellent cosmetic results.
Huge Submandibular Gland Mucocele With Diagnostic Difficulties
Authors: Iwai Toshinori , Minamiyama Shuhei , Mitsudo Kenji 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:Submandibular gland mucoceles, which are very rare cystic lesions, make differentiation from other cystic neck masses such as plunging ranula and cystic lymphatic malformation difficult. The authors report a rare huge submandibular gland mucocele with diagnostic difficulties. A 39-year-old woman with painless swelling in the left submandibular region underwent OK-432 injection therapy with a diagnosis of plunging ranula at another hospital. However, she was referred to our department for recurrent swelling. Computed tomography showed a well-circumscribed, multilocular, low-density lesion in the left submandibular region. Fine needle aspiration was performed, and the content of the cystic lesion was yellowish-brown serous fluid. After the fine needle aspiration, computed tomography was performed. The cystic lesion was radiologically diagnosed as submandibular gland mucocele. Therefore, the patient underwent endoscopically-assisted intraoral removal of the sublingual and submandibular glands under general anesthesia. The pathological diagnosis was submandibular gland mucocele.
Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Navigation in Liver Surgery
Authors: Wakabayashi Taiga , Cacciaguerra Andrea Benedetti , Abe Yuta , Bona Enrico Dalla , Nicolini Daniele , Mocchegiani Federico , Kabeshima Yasuo , Vivarelli Marco , Wakabayashi Go , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence has proven to be a high potential navigation tool during liver surgery; however, its optimal usage is still far from being standardized.

Methods:
A systematic review was conducted on MEDLINE/PubMed for English articles that contained the information of dose and timing of ICG administration until February 2021. Successful rates of tumor detection and liver segmentation, as well as tumor/patient background and imaging settings were also reviewed. The quality assessment of the articles was performed in accordance with the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN).

Results:
Out of initial 311 articles, a total of 72 manuscripts were obtained. The quality assessment of the included studies revealed usually low; only 9 articles got qualified as high quality. Forty articles (55%) focused on open resections, whereas 32 articles (45%) on laparoscopic and robotic liver resections. Thirty-four articles (47%) described tumor detection ability, and 25 articles (35%) did liver segmentation ability, and the others (18%) did both abilities. Negative staining was reported (42%) more than positive staining (32%). For tumor detection, majority used the dose of 0.5 mg/kg within 14 days before the operation day, and an additional administration (0.02–0.5 mg/kg) in case of longer preoperative interval. Tumor detection rate was reported to be 87.4% (range, 43%–100%) with false positive rate reported to be 10.5% (range, 0%–31.3%). For negative staining method, the majority used 2.5 mg/body, ranging from 0.025 to 25 mg/body. For positive staining method, the majority used 0.25 mg/body, ranging from 0.025 to 12.5 mg/body. Successful segmentation rate was 88.0% (range, 53%–100%).

Conclusion:
The time point and dose of ICG administration strongly needs to be tailored case by case in daily practice, due to various tumor/patient backgrounds and imaging settings.
Massilia soli sp. nov., isolated from soil
Authors: Baek Ju Hye , Baek Woonhee , Ruan Wenting , Jung Hye Su , Lee Sung Chul , Jeon Che Ok 
Published: February 2022

A Gram-stain-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive and aerobic bacterium, designated strain R798T, was isolated from soil in South Korea. Cells were motile rods by means of a single polar flagellum. Growth of strain R798T was observed at 15–35 °C (optimum, 25–30 °C), pH 5.0–8.0 (optimum, 6.0) and 0–1.5 % NaCl (optimum, 0.3 %). Strain R798T contained ubiquinone-8 as the sole isoprenoid quinone, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1
ω7c and/or C16 : 1
ω6c) and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids and phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine as the major polar lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain R798T calculated from the whole genome sequence was 63.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene and whole genome sequences revealed that strain R798T formed a distinct phyletic lineage within the genus

Massilia

. Strain R798T was most closely related to

Massilia eurypsychrophila

B528-3T with a 98.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain R798T and the type strain of

M. eurypsychrophila

were 79.2 and 22.7 %, respectively. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses, strain R798T represents a novel species of the genus

Massilia

, for which the name Massilia soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is R798T (=KACC 22114T=JCM 34601T).
Capturing early human memory consolidation utilizing the higher functional specificity of 7T compared to 3T-fMRI
Authors: Kreitz Silke , Mennecke Angelika , Konerth Laura , Rösch Julie , Nagel Armin M. , Laun Frederik B. , Uder Michael , Dörfler Arnd , Hess Andreas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) visualizes brain structures at increasingly higher resolution and better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as field strength increases. Yet, mapping the BOLD response to distinct neuronal processes continues to be challenging. Here, we performed 3T and 7T-fMRI analysis of motor-task activation and resting-state connectivity with adjusted SNR. We then applied graph theory to analyze resting-state neuronal networks detected by fMRI after a simple motor task. Despite adjusted SNR, 7T achieved a higher functional specificity of the BOLD response than 3T-fMRI. Following the motor task, 7T-fMRI therefore enabled the detection of an ‘offline replay’ that was directly linked to brain regions associated with memory consolidation. These findings reveal how memory processing is initiated even after simple motor tasks and begins earlier than previously shown. Thus, the superior capability of 7T-fMRI to detect subtle functional dynamics promises to improve diagnostics and therapeutic assessment of neurological diseases.
Fezf2 and Aire1 evolutionary trade-off in negative selection of T cells in the thymus
Authors: Mickael Michel-Edwar , Kubick Norwin , Gurba Agata , Klimovich Pavel , Bieńkowska Irmina , Kocki Tomasz , Sacharczuk Mariusz 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn vertebrates, thymus expression of various body proteins to eliminate autoreactive T cells during the negative selection process is orchestrated by AIRE and FEZF2. T cells first appeared in vertebrates. However, the evolutionary history of these two genes in relation to T cells emergence is still not clear. Specifically, it is still not known, whether these two genes emerged concurrently to support the negative selection process. Furthermore, whether there is an evolutionary trade-off between these two genes is not known. Whether these two genes play a similar role in controlling auto-reactivity elimination in lampreys and invertebrates is also unknown. We used a plethora of phylogenetic analysis tools including; multiple sequence alignment, phylogenetic tree building, ancestral sequence reconstruction, functional specificity investigation, and positive selection analysis to address these questions. We found that these two genes represent two distinct pathways of negative selection with two unique origins. While AIRE emerged during the divergence of T cells in vertebrates, FEZF2 is far ancient with homologs in invertebrates including Cnidaria, Trichoplax. We found that FEZF2 structure is highly conserved between invertebrates and vertebrates. Moreover, the genes controlled by both families included a mixture of ancient and recently diverged genes. However, we found that AIRE contains an LXXLL motif for binding nuclear receptors. Conversely, FEZF2 possesses several motifs known to play a role in autophagy, such as DKFPHP, SYSELWKSSL, and SYSEL. However, both genes contain similar motifs such as MAPK regulating motifs. Interestingly, AIRE seems to be lacking in lampreys, in contrast to FEZF2. Taken together, our investigation hints that FEZF2 was initially employed to control a rudimentary auto-reactivity elimination process in invertebrates, then evolved to play a part in controlling a negative selection process in early vertebrates and higher vertebrates. The emergence of AIRE seems to be correlated with controlling the negative selection process in higher vertebrates. The results demonstrate a strong evolutionary trading-off process, where FEZF2 kept controlling certain biological processes whereas AIRE gained control of others. Several critical genes are controlled by both genes, to ensure an adequate negative selection process.
A Mouse Model with Complete Penetrance for Atrioventricular Septal Defect/Complete AV Canal
Authors: Li Yicong , Andersen Peter , Liu Xihe , Moyer Anna J. , Kwon Chulan , Reeves Roger H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractComplete Atrioventricular Septal Defect/complete AV canal (AVSD/ cAVC) occurs via defective formation of the Dorsal Mesenchymal Protrusion (DMP) which grows from the interior dorsal wall of the fetal heart. The DMP is derived from cells of the second heart field (SHF). AVSD occurs in about 1/10,000 births in the general population, but is 2000 times more prevalent in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). The low penetrance of AVSD in the general population remains a fundamental challenge to investigation of the genetic and developmental basis for this condition. Analysis of the etiology of this condition in mouse models is limited by the fact that the developmental events producing the DMP begin around embryonic day 9 (E9) but AVSD cannot be diagnosed until E14, and no model has been described previously in which AVSD occurs in 100% of embryos. We describe a trisomic mouse DS model with conditional mutations in the SHH pathway that produces AVSD with 100% penetrance. This new mouse model can serve as an important tool to understand the mechanisms underlying AVSD pathogenesis.
mRNA-1273 or mRNA-Omicron boost in vaccinated macaques elicits comparable B cell expansion, neutralizing antibodies and protection against Omicron
Authors: Gagne Matthew , Moliva Juan I. , Foulds Kathryn E. , Andrew Shayne F. , Flynn Barbara J. , Werner Anne P. , Wagner Danielle A. , Teng I-Ting , Lin Bob C. , Moore Christopher , Jean-Baptiste Nazaire , Carroll Robin , Foster Stephanie L. , Patel Mit , Ellis Madison , Edara Venkata-Viswanadh , Maldonado Nahara Vargas , Minai Mahnaz , McCormick Lauren , Honeycutt Christopher Cole , Nagata Bianca M. , Bock Kevin W. , Dulan Caitlyn N. M. , Cordon Jamilet , Todd John-Paul M. , McCarthy Elizabeth , Pessaint Laurent , Van Ry Alex , Narvaez Brandon , Valentin Daniel , Cook Anthony , Dodson Alan , Steingrebe Katelyn , Flebbe Dillon R. , Nurmukhambetova Saule T. , Godbole Sucheta , Henry Amy R. , Laboune Farida , Roberts-Torres Jesmine , Lorang Cynthia G. , Amin Shivani , Trost Jessica , Naisan Mursal , Basappa Manjula , Willis Jacquelyn , Wang Lingshu , Shi Wei , Doria-Rose Nicole A. , Olia Adam S. , Liu Cuiping , Harris Darcy R. , Carfi Andrea , Mascola John R. , Kwong Peter D. , Edwards Darin K. , Andersen Hanne , Lewis Mark G. , Corbett Kizzmekia S. , Nason Martha C. , McDermott Adrian B. , Suthar Mehul S. , Moore Ian N. , Roederer Mario , Sullivan Nancy J. , Douek Daniel C. , Seder Robert A. 
Published: February 2022

SummarySARS-CoV-2 Omicron is highly transmissible and has substantial resistance to antibody neutralization following immunization with ancestral spike-matched vaccines. It is unclear whether boosting with Omicron-specific vaccines would enhance immunity and protection. Here, nonhuman primates that received mRNA-1273 at weeks 0 and 4 were boosted at week 41 with mRNA-1273 or mRNA-Omicron. Neutralizing antibody titers against D614G were 4760 and 270 reciprocal ID50 at week 6 (peak) and week 41 (pre-boost), respectively, and 320 and 110 for Omicron. Two weeks after boost, titers against D614G and Omicron increased to 5360 and 2980, respectively, for mRNA-1273 and 2670 and 1930 for mRNA-Omicron. Following either boost, 70-80% of spike-specific B cells were cross-reactive against both WA1 and Omicron. Significant and equivalent control of virus replication in lower airways was observed following either boost. Therefore, an Omicron boost may not provide greater immunity or protection compared to a boost with the current mRNA-1273 vaccine.