bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Framework for Inferring and Analyzing Pharmacotherapy Treatment Patterns
Authors: Rush Everett , Ozmen Ozgur , Kim Minsu , Ortegon Erin , Jones Makoto , Park Byung , Pizer Steven , Trafton Jodie , Brenner Lisa A. , Ward Merry , Nebeker Jonathan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo discover pharmacotherapy prescription patterns and their statistical associations with outcomes through a clinical pathway inference framework applied on real-world data.Materials and MethodsWe apply machine learning steps in our framework using a 2006 to 2020 cohort of veterans with major depressive disorder (MDD). Outpatient antidepressant pharmacy and emergency department visits, self-harm, and all-cause mortality data were extracted from the Department of Veterans Affairs Corporate Data Warehouse.ResultsOur MDD cohort consisted of 252,179 individuals. During the study period there were 98,417 cases of emergency department visits, 1,016 cases of self-harm, and 1,507 deaths from all causes. The top ten prescription patterns accounted for 69.3% of the data for individuals starting antidepressants at the fluoxetine equivalent of 20-39mg. Additionally, we found associations between outcomes and dosage change.DiscussionFor 252,179 Veterans who served in Iraq and Afghanistan with subsequent MDD noted in their electronic medical record, we documented and described the major pharmacotherapy prescription patterns implemented by VHA providers. Ten patterns accounted for almost 70% of the data. Associations between antidepressant usage and outcomes in observational data may be confounded. The low numbers of adverse events especially associated with all-cause mortality make our calculations imprecise. Furthermore, our outcomes are also the indications for both disease and treatment. Despite these limitations, we demonstrate the usefulness of our framework in providing operational insight into clinical practice, and our results underscore the need for increased monitoring during critical points of treatment.
Associations of maternal education, area deprivation, proximity to greenspace during pregnancy and gestational diabetes with Body Mass Index from early childhood to early adulthood: A proof-of-concept federated analysis in seventeen birth cohorts
Authors: Cadman Tim , Elhakeem Ahmed , Vinther Johan Lerbech , Avraam Demetris , Espi Paula Carrasco , Calas Lucinda , Cardol Marloes , Charles Marie-Aline , Corpeleijn Eva , Crozier Sarah , de Castro Montserrat , Estarlich Marisa , Fernandes Amanda , Fossatti Serena , Gruszfeld Dariusz , Gurlich Kathrin , Grote Veit , Haakma Sido , Harris Jennifer R. , Heude Barbara , Huang Rae-Chi , Ibarluzea Jesús , Inskip Hazel , Jaddoe Vincent , Koletzko Berthold , Lioret Sandrine , Luque Veronica , Manios Yannis , Moirano Giovenale , Moschonis George , Nader Johanna , Nieuwenhuijsen Mark , Nybo-Andersen Anne-Marie , McEachen Rosmary , de Moira Angela Pinot , Popovic Maja , Salika Theodosia , Roumeliotaki Theano , Marina Loreto Santa , Santos Susana , Serbert Sylvain , Tzorovili Evangelia , Vafeiadi Marina , Verduci Elvira , Vrijheid Martine , Welten Marieke , Wright John , Yang Tiffany C , Zugna Daniela , Lawlor Deborah 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundInternational sharing of cohort data for research is important and challenging. The LifeCycle project aimed to harmonise data across birth cohorts and develop methods for efficient federated analyses of early life stressors on offspring outcomes.AimTo explore feasibility of federated analyses of associations between four different types of pregnancy exposures (maternal education, area deprivation, proximity to green space and gestational diabetes) with offspring BMI from infancy to 17 years.MethodsWe used harmonised exposure and outcome data from 17 cohorts (n=200,650 mother-child pairs) from the EU Child Cohort Network. For each child, we derived BMI at five age periods: (i) 0-1 years, (ii) 2-3, (iii) 4-7, (iv) 8-13 and (v) 14-17 years. Associations were estimated using linear regression via one-stage individual participant data meta-analysis using the federated analysis platform DataSHIELD.ResultsAssociations between lower maternal education and higher child BMI emerged from age 4 years and increased with age (difference in BMI z-score comparing low with high education age 0-1 years = 0.02 [95% CI 0.00, 0.03], 2-3 years = 0.01 [CI -0.02, 0.04], 4-7 years = 0.14 [CI 0.13, 0.16], 8-13 years = 0.22 [CI 0.20, 0.24], 14-17 years = 0.20 [CI 0.16, 0.23]). A similar pattern was found for area deprivation. Gestational diabetes was positively associated with BMI from 8 years (8-13 years = 0.17 [CI 0.10, 0.24], 14-17 years = 0.012 [CI -0.13, 0.38]) but not at younger ages. The normalised difference vegetation index measure of maternal proximity to green space was weakly associated with higher BMI in the first year of life but not at older ages.ConclusionsAssociations between maternal education, area-based socioeconomic position and GDM with BMI increased with age. Maternal proximity to green space was not associated with offspring BMI, other than a weak association in infancy. Opportunities and challenges of cross-cohort federated analyses are discussed.
‘Doing nothing’ is simply not an option: why framing of choices matters in surgical shared decision-making
Authors: Ludwiczak Agata , Stephens Timothy , Prowle John , Pearse Rupert , Osman Magda 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundIn the context of high-risk surgery, shared decision-making (SDM) can be hindered by misalignment in expectations regarding the likely surgical outcomes between patients and clinicians. This study investigates the extent of this misalignment in high-risk patients and doctors involved in perioperative care, its’ impact on treatment choices, and its’ amenability to interventions that encourage perspective taking.MethodsHigh-risk patients (N = 55) and doctors involved in perioperative care (N = 54) were asked to consider one of three clinical scenarios: ischaemic heart disease, colorectal cancer, or osteoarthritis of the left hip. They reported on their expectations regarding short- and long-term outcomes of different treatment options available in these scenarios. Participants were initially asked to consider the scenarios from their own perspective as a patient/clinician, and then to adopt the perspective of the other side. After stating their expectations, participants were required to choose between surgical or non-surgical treatment.ResultsSystematic misalignment in expectations between high-risk patients and doctors was observed, with patients expecting better surgical outcomes compared to clinicians. Despite this misalignment, in both groups surgical treatment was strongly preferred. Willingness to consider the non-surgical option was only observed when this option offered a chance to change the undesirable ‘status quo’.ConclusionWhen high-risk surgery is discussed, a non-surgical option may be viewed as ‘doing nothing’, reducing the sense of agency and control. This biases the decision-making process, regardless of the expectations doctors and patients might have about the outcomes of surgery. Thus, to improve SDM and to increase patients’ agency and control over decisions about their care, we advocate framing the non-surgical treatment options in a way that emphasises action, agency, and change.HighlightsMisalignment in expectations regarding treatment outcomes between high-risk surgical patients and their clinicians has been identified in this study, with patients expecting more positive outcomes from surgery than doctorsDespite misalignment, treatment choices were similar for patients and cliniciansFraming the treatment choice as ‘doing something’ (i.e. surgery) vs. ‘doing nothing’ seemed to drive the preference for surgery in both groupsTo increase patients’ agency and control over decisions about surgery, the framing of their options should be targeted for improvement
Evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of fractional intradermal COVID-19 vaccines as a booster: A pilot study
Authors: Niyomnaitham Suvimol , Chatsiricharoenkul Somruedee , Toh Zheng Quan , Senawong Sansnee , Pheerapanyawaranun Chatkamol , Phumiamorn Supaporn , Licciardi Paul V , Chokephaibulkit Kulkanya 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntradermal vaccination using fractional dosage of the standard vaccine dose is one strategy to improve access to COVID-19 immunization. We conducted a pilot study in healthy adults in Thailand to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of intradermal administration of fractional dose of ChAdOx1 (1/5th of standard dosage) or BNT162b2 (1/6th of standard dosage) to individuals previously vaccinated (prime) with two-dose intramuscular CoronaVac, ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2. Following an initial immunogenicity exploratory phase for each vaccine combination group (N=10), a total of 135 participants (N=45 per group) were recruited to three groups (CoronaVac prime-intradermal BNT162b2 boost, CoronaVac prime-intradermal ChAdOx1 boost and ChAdOx1 prime-intradermal BNT162b2 boost) and their immunogenicity data compared to a previous cohort who received the same vaccine intramuscularly. Two weeks following booster vaccination, neutralizing antibodies against the delta variant were similar between intradermal and intramuscular vaccination. However, neutralizing antibodies against the omicron variant in the intradermal BNT162b2 boost groups were ∼6-fold lower, while the ChAdOx1 boost group was ∼5-fold higher compared to their respective vaccine regimen given intramuscularly. The intradermal booster significantly increased spike-specific T cell responses in all three groups from pre-booster levels. Local and systemic adverse reactions were milder in intradermal compared to intramuscular injections. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical relevance of these findings and the feasibility of administration of intradermal COVID-19 vaccines.
Network Action of Subcallosal Cingulate White Matter Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Tiruvadi Vineet R. , Choi Ki Sueng , Waters Allison , Tao Liangyu , Konda Rohit , Ibrahim Nasir , Smart Otis , Crowell Andrea , Riva-Posse Patricio , Gross Robert E. , Rozell Christopher , McIntyre Cameron C. , Jirsa Viktor , Butera Robert , Mayberg Helen S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS) within the subcallosal cingulate cortex (SCC) alleviates symptoms of depression through an unclear therapeutic mechanism. Precise stimulation of SCC white matter (SCCwm) is thought to be necessary to achieve therapeutic response, and clinical recordings can now be used to test this hypothesis. In this paper we characterized the where, what, and how of SCCwm-DBS immediate effects, its network action, at therapeutic stimulation frequencies. First, using simultaneous LFP and EEG, we determined whether the effects of SCCwm-DBS are local at the SCC and/or remote at downstream cortical regions. We then charactized the spatial pattern effected by DBS across high-density EEG, finding multi-oscillatory response modes. Finally, we demonstrated that these modes are spatially consistent with white matter tracts targeted during surgical implantation. These results clarify the immediate actions of SCCwm-DBS as broad low-frequency power increases in brain regions downstream to stimulated white matter. This quantitative characterization of SCCwm-DBS network action has implications for future clinical trials, and may accelerate adaptive therapy optimization.
Chalcolestes color-aeneus (Odonata, Zygoptera, Lestidae) sp. nov. from Romania
Authors: Babalean Anda Felicia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe paper describes a new Chalcolestes species – Chalcolestes color-aeneus collected from Romania. This new species shows morphological similarities with Chalcolestes viridis by the metallic iridescent colour of the body and by the yellow to pale brown colour of the lower part of the head; it also shows similarities with Lestes virens, Lestes sponsa and Lestes dryas by the long fringing hairs on the inferior male annal appendages. Chalcolestes color-aeneus can be separated by the other Lestes and Chalcolestes species by the dark coppery colour with green and reddish reflections of the head, of the thorax and dorsal abdomen and especially by the shape and colour of the male anal appendages.
A translational approach to measuring the neural systems underlying approach-avoidance conflict in humans
Authors: Rolle Camarin E. , Amemori Ken , Johnson Noriah , Yan Marvin , Caudle Trevor , Havelka Ana , Gross James J. , Etkin Amit 
Published: July 2022

AbstractApproach-avoidance conflict (AAC) arises from decisions with embedded positive and negative outcomes, and appropriate management of these decisions is essential for adaptive functioning. However, translating key advances on AAC in non-human primates to tasks in humans has proven difficult in part due to the inherent limitations in existing human tasks in isolating relevant neural substrates of behavior. Here, we present, and validate, a novel task in humans (N= 38) of both sexes, derived from work in non-human primates utilizing primary reinforcers (shock/juice), and in doing so identify neural features specific to conflict, implementing a computational model of task behavior. We found that neural patterns of activation within the parietal, frontal, temporal and cingulate regions were associated with conflict-specific avoidance behavior. Importantly, a number of these regions were associated with trait anxiety, implicating a potential link between these neural regions and anxiety-driven avoidance behavior. This task platform may help advance both behavioral and biological research examining the neural patterning underlying approach-avoidance behavior in humans, providing an empirically oriented framework with which to translate between non-human primate and human work.Significance StatementThe current paper describes and validates a novel task for studying Approach-Avoidance Conflict behavior that capitalizes on innate reinforcers and stringent thresholding, effectively bridging animal and human work in this field. The task is then used to identify the neural correlates of AAC behavior in humans, identifying patterns of activation linked to temporal variation in avoidance behavior specific to conflict. Further, a novel model is developed and applied to the behavioral data to more sensitively quantify response patterns using reinforcement learning, and neural patterns relating to these behavioral effects were identified. Finally, as anxiety is strongly associated in the animal and human literature with avoidance responding, we identified a subgroup of neural effects associated with trait anxiety.
Decoding depression during subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation
Authors: Tiruvadi Vineet R. , Veerakumar Ashan , Smart Otis , Crowell Andrea , Riva-Posse Patricio , Gross Robert E. , McIntyre Cameron C. , Rozell Christopher , Butera Robert , Mayberg Helen D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDeep brain stimulation of subcallosal cingulate white matter (SCCwm-DBS) alleviates symptoms of treatment resistant depression (TRD) over months of therapy. Readouts of depression symptom severity derived from neural recordings are needed for more systematic study and improvement of the therapy. In this study, we measured local field potentials (LFP) multiple times a day alongside seven months of therapy using the Activa PC+S™ in six patients treated with SCCwm-DBS. We found significant changes in oscillatory power between early and late therapy after accounting for stimulation-related distortions, particularly within theβband. We then used a decoder strategy to identify oscillatory activity that tracked with depression measurements over seven months, with asymmetricδandβoscillations contributing to a statistically significant prediction of 10% of the measured depression signal. Simulating its use in clinical decision-making, we demonstrated that the DR-SCC yield clinically meaningful information that can augment other measures of depression state. Ultimately, this DR-SCC provides a data-driven first-step towards objectively tracking chronic recovery after antidepressant DBS implantation and developing adaptive DBS strategies in the presence of active stimulation.
MHA, an interactive website for scRNA-seq data of male genitourinary development and disease
Authors: Zhao LiangYu , Zhao YiFan , Yao ChenCheng , Li Zheng , Dai YingBo , Tang YuXin 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTThe development of single-cell sequencing technology has expanded the understanding of cell heterogeneity and disease progression in the male genitourinary system. However, complex processing processes and unprofessional analytical annotations limit the daily use and wildly sharing of published datasets. Here, we describe the Male Health Atlas (MHA), an easy-to-operate online visual website focused on the male genitourinary system, allowing researchers to quickly search for expression patterns of one or multiple genes, and dynamic changes of gene expression during tissue development or under pathological states. At present, the MHA includes nine objects, two species, five types of male genitourinary tissues/organs, and 258,777 single-cell profiles. Compared with other single-cell databases, the MHA has the following advantages: (1) It is easy to operate, and users can complete retrieval and output of results within 5 min without any bioinformatics skills; (2) The selection and analysis of data are under professional supervision of researchers in the male genitourinary field; (3) It contains most of the main male-specific organs and will continue to be updated; (4) MHA provides multi-dimensional output patterns, including tSNE/UMAP, violin, and bubble plot output for displaying single or multiple genes. MHA is the first single-cell database website in the field of andrology and male reproduction, providing researchers with scRNA-seq resources and an accessible tool. MHA is freely available at http://malehealthatlas.cn/.
DMRT1 regulation ofTOX3modulates expansion of the gonadal steroidogenic cell lineage
Authors: Estermann Martin A. , Major Andrew T. , Smith Craig A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractVertebrate gonads comprise three primary cell types, germ cells, steroidogenic cells, and supporting cells. The latter are the first cell type to differentiate in the embryonic gonad and direct the formation of other somatic lineages. During gonadal sex determination, the supporting cell lineage differentiates into Sertoli cells in males and pre-granulosa cells in females. In the chicken embryo, the molecular trigger for Sertoli cell differentiation is the Z-linked gene DMRT1. Recently, single cell RNA-seq data indicate that that chicken steroidogenic cells, derive from differentiated supporting cells. This differentiation process is achieved by a sequential upregulation of steroidogenic genes and down-regulation of supporting cell markers. The exact mechanism regulating this differentiation process remains unknown. We identified the geneTOX3as a novel transcription factor expressed in embryonic Sertoli cells of the chicken testis.TOX3knockdown in males resulted in increasedCYP17A1positive Leydig cells.TOX3over-expression in male and female gonads resulted in a significant decline inCYP17A1positive steroidogenic cells.TOX3expression is negatively regulated by estrogensin vivo, but not induced during masculinization induced by estrogen inhibition.In ovoknock-down of the testis determinant,DMRT1, in male gonads resulted in a down-regulation of TOX3 expression. Conversely, DMRT1 over-expression caused an increase inTOX3expression. Taken together, this data indicates that DMRT1 regulation ofTOX3modulates expansion of the steroidogenic lineage, either directly, via cell lineage allocation, or indirectly via signaling from the supporting to steroidogenic cell populations.
Effect of germicidal short wave-length ultraviolet light on the polyphenols, vitamins, and microbial inactivation in highly opaque apple juice
Authors: Akwu Anita Scales , Patras Ankit , Pendyala Brahmiah , Kurup Anjali , Chen Fur-Chi , Vergne Matthew J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe aim of this investigation was to study the efficacy of UV-C light emitting diode system (LED) operating at 263 nm for the inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Specified concentrations of bacteria were inoculated in apple juice and irradiated at the designated UV doses of 0 to 15 mJ·cm-2. In addition, UV irradiation doses ranging from 0 to 160 mJ·cm-2 were also delivered to apple juice and polyphenols and vitamins were profiled. LC-MS/MS analysis was conducted to assess the stability of polyphenols or vitamins in UV-C exposed apple juice. The polyphenol and vitamin results demonstrated that UV-C irradiation in apple juices at relevant commercial UV doses induced significant reductions in the concentrations of selected polyphenols and vitamins, p<0.05. Ascorbic acid was reduced to 32%, at 160 mJ/cm2 whereas 17% reduction was observed at 40 mJ/cm2. Riboflavin was observed to be relatively stable. Epicatechin and chlorogenic was significantly reduced at high exposure doses. In contrast minor changes were observed at 40 mJ/cm2. Results show that UV-C irradiation effectively inactivated pathogenic microbes in apple juice. The log reduction kinetics of microorganisms followed log-linear and with higher R2 (>0.95) and low RMSE values. The D10 values of 4.16 and 3.84 mJ·cm-2 were obtained from the inactivation of Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes in apple juice. The results from this study imply that adequate log reduction of pathogens is achievable in apple juice and suggest significant potential for UV-C treatment of other liquid foods.
Grey workers in the European Union: precariousness among economically dependent solo self-employed
Authors: Majetic Filip , Rajter Miroslav , Bassetti Chiara 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThis explorative study aims to investigate work precariousness (WP) among EU27-based economically dependent solo self-employed, i.e. those with no employees and usually relying on just one client.Design/methodology/approachUnivariate and multivariate analyses of European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) (2015) and Eurostat data.FindingsThe analyses yielded Disempowerment, intended as lack of job autonomy and money-induced Vulnerability as the dimensions of WP. Disempowerment was found positively influenced by workers' threat of losing the job and negatively by the enjoyment from being their own boss. Vulnerability was negatively influenced by workers' age, perceived easiness to find new customers, household's financial well-being as well as the country's employment rate.Originality/valueThe study represents pioneer exploration of the phenomenon's dimensionality and main determinants.