bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural classifying system for predictive maintenance of rotating devices.
Authors: Balazy P , Gut P , Knap P 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the results of research on a neural classifier system for the recognition of electrical drive disturbances and its speed. The classification task is performed by a convolutional neural network implemented on an artificial intelligence accelerator. The operation of the drive is monitored using intelligent accelerometers. Based on the sensor data, it is possible to create spectrograms of the signal using Short Time Fourier Transformation. Since convolutional neural networks are excellent at recognizing images and detecting objects, the signal spectrograms were used as input data for learning the network. Transfer learning method has been used, to create a model of neural network.
Fluorine-doped graphene as triboelectric material
Authors: Molina-García Miguel Ángel , Sofer Zdeněk , Panda Jaya Kumar , Serri Michele , Salerno Marco , Marras Sergio , Lauciello Simone , Plutnar Jan , Bonaccorso Francesco 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The optimization of the triboelectric layer is of paramount importance for the improvement of the performance of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). In this work, we present an innovative approach exploiting the addition of highly electronegative fluorine-doped reduced graphene oxide (F-RGO) flakes into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymeric matrix acting as the tribonegative frictional layer. The resulting layer (F-RGO/PDMS) is incorporated into a vertical contact-separation mode TENG. The optimization of the F-RGO/PDMS composition, with a F-RGO content of 2%, delivered a ten times higher power density peak compared to a F-RGO-free device. The outstanding enhancement of the power density peak is attributed to the synergistic effect of the high electronegativity of the fluorine atoms and the triboelectric properties of the graphene-based flakes. Endurance tests confirmed the stability of the F-RGO/PDMS system, demonstrating its suitability for long-lasting TENG-based wearable devices.
Quantum researcher mobility: the wonderful wizard of Oz who paid for Dorothy’s visa fees
Authors: Malik Mehul , Agudelo Elizabeth , Kunjwal Ravi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHistorically, science has benefited greatly through the mobility of researchers, whether it has been due to large-scale conflict, the search for new opportunities or a lack thereof. Today’s world of strict global immigration policies, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, places inordinate hurdles on the mobility of all researchers, let alone quantum ones. Exorbitant visa fees, the difficulty of navigating a foreign immigration system, lack of support for researchers’ families, and explicit government policy targeting selected groups of immigrants are all examples of things that have severely impacted the ability of quantum researchers to cross both physical and scientific borders. Here we clearly identify some key problems affecting quantum researcher mobility and discuss examples of good practice on the governmental, institutional, and societal level that have helped, or might help, overcome these hurdles. The adoption of such practices worldwide can ensure that quantum scientists can reach their fullest potential, irrespective of where they were born.
On the energy consumption of online and on-site lectures
Authors: Holas Alexander , Koch Catherine Y , Leibold Joachim , Prendi Alesia , Schlachta Tim P , Sophia Schmid Anna , Schmitt Leonard 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this study, the energy consumption of online (streaming or video on demand) lectures is compared with on-site lectures in the case of the Garching campus of the Technical University of Munich (TUM). The energy consumption is calculated using data collected by a survey, own measurements and literature research. On-site lectures at the TUM consume up to two orders of magnitude more energy than digital formats, making any combination of both always more energy intensive than purely online lectures. Transportation turns out to be the factor with the highest energy consumption. In scenarios with a decreased impact of transportation, e.g. regarding universities with dormitories on campus, hybrid or purely on-site lectures can become more favorable in terms of energy consumption, especially if several on-site lectures are attended in one day.
Air pollution exposure and its impacts on everyday life and livelihoods of vulnerable urban populations in South Asia
Authors: Maharjan Amina , Adhikari Sagar , Ahmad Rida , Ahmad Usman , Ali Zulfiqar , Bajracharya Sugat , Baniya Jeevan , Bhattarai Sadikshya , Gautam Amit , Gilmore Elisabeth , Ko Hein Min , Myat Nilar , Myint Theingi , Mahapatra Parth Sarathi , Mishra Arabinda , Singh Chandni 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Urban populations in South Asia are regularly exposed to poor air quality, especially elevated concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). However, the potential differential burden for the urban poor has received little attention. Here, we evaluate the links between occupation, patterns of exposure to PM2.5, and the impacts at an individual and household level for vulnerable populations in Lahore (Pakistan), Kathmandu (Nepal), and Mandalay (Myanmar). We conduct personal exposure measurements and detailed interviews, identifying a wide range of impacts at individual and household levels. Low-income populations are concentrated in occupations that expose them to higher concentrations. Individuals report a range of adverse health impacts and limited capacities to reduce exposure. The lost income, compounded with the costs of managing these health impacts and limited opportunities for alternative employment, can deepen the socioeconomic vulnerability for the household. Reducing these risks requires targeted interventions such as improved social safety nets.
Effects of coaxial airflow swirl number on combustion and flame characteristics of methane/air and n-butane/air flames in a miniature-scale swirl burner
Authors: Sheykhbaglou Soroush , Robati Seyed Mostafa 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the effects of coaxial airflow swirl number on blow-out limit, flame characteristics, and emission performance of non-premixed methane/air and n-butane/air flames in a miniature-scale swirl burner are investigated experimentally. Swirl numbers ranging from

0

to

0.72

have been chosen to be examined. It was observed that increasing the vane angle does not increase the blow-out limit monotonically and a swirler with

30
°

vane angle (

0.50

swirl number) results in the greatest blow-out limit. Besides, it was found out that methane outperforms n-butane in the blow-out limit at the same fuel flow rates. The intermittency distribution approach was used to determine flame properties such as lift-off height, length, and width. It was found that the lift-off variation with coaxial airflow Reynolds number at the specified fuel flow rates yields an inverted V-shape for S

n
≥ 0.50. The tip of these plots indicates the airflow rate at which the swirl shows its influence, and after this point, the lift-off height begins to decrease. It was also observed that the airflow related to this point decreases with an increase in the swirl number at a certain fuel flow rate. Furthermore, the results revealed that at high airflow rates, the flame width rises as the swirl number increases. Also, raising the swirl number and airflow Reynolds number reduced the flame length. It was also observed that n-butane/air flames have longer and wider flames than methane/air flames. Additionally, adding swirl to the airflow rate typically reduces

N

O

x

and

CO

concentrations and n-butane/air flames exhibit lower levels of

N

O

x

and higher levels of

CO

than methane/air flames under the same operating conditions.
Advancing the Science of Vaccine Safety During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic and Beyond: Launching an International Network of Special Immunization Services
Authors: Top Karina A , Chen Robert T , Levy Ofer , Ozonoff Al , Carleton Bruce , Crawford Nigel W , Creech C Buddy , Kochhar Sonali , Poland Gregory A , Gutu Kimberley , Cutland Clare L 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWithin 2 years after the start of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccines were developed, rigorously evaluated in large phase 3 trials, and administered to more than 5 billion individuals globally. However, adverse events of special interest (AESIs) have been described post-implementation, including myocarditis after receipt of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines and thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome after receipt of adenoviral vector vaccines. AESIs are rare (&lt;1 to 10/100 000 vaccinees) and less frequent than COVID-19 complications, though they have associated morbidity and mortality. The diversity of COVID-19 vaccine platforms (eg, mRNA, viral vector, protein) and rates of AESIs both between and within platforms (eg, higher rate of myocarditis after mRNA-1273 vs BNT162b2 vaccines) present an important opportunity to advance vaccine safety science. The International Network of Special Immunization Services has been formed with experts in vaccine safety, systems biology, and other relevant disciplines to study cases of AESIs and matched controls to uncover the pathogenesis of rare AESIs and inform vaccine development.
Global Distribution of O Serotypes and Antibiotic Resistance in Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Collected From the Blood of Patients With Bacteremia Across Multiple Surveillance Studies
Authors: Weerdenburg Eveline , Davies Todd , Morrow Brian , Zomer Aldert L , Hermans Peter , Go Oscar , Spiessens Bart , van den Hoven Thijs , van Geet Gunter , Aitabi Moussa , DebRoy Chitrita , Dudley Edward G , Bonten Marc , Poolman Jan , Geurtsen Jeroen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is the leading cause of bacteremia worldwide, with older populations having increased risk of invasive bacterial disease. Increasing resistance to first-line antibiotics and emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains represent major treatment challenges. ExPEC O serotypes are key targets for potential multivalent conjugate vaccine development. Therefore, we evaluated the O serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance profiles of ExPEC strains causing bloodstream infections across 4 regions.

Methods
Blood culture isolates from patients aged ≥60 years collected during 5 retrospective E. coli surveillance studies in Europe, North America, Asia-Pacific, and South America (2011–2017) were analyzed. Isolates were O serotyped by agglutination; O genotyping was performed for nontypeable isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was also conducted.

Results
Among 3217 ExPEC blood culture isolates, the most ubiquitous O serotype was O25 (n = 737 [22.9%]), followed by O2, O6, O1, O75, O15, O8, O16, O4, O18, O77 group, O153, O9, O101/O162, O86, and O13 (prevalence of ≥1%). The prevalence of these O serotypes was generally consistent across regions, apart from South America; together, these 16 O serotypes represented 77.6% of all ExPEC bacteremia isolates analyzed. The overall MDR frequency was 10.7%, with limited variation between regions. Within the MDR subset (n = 345), O25 showed a dominant prevalence of 63.2% (n = 218).

Conclusions
Predominant O serotypes among ExPEC bacteremia isolates are widespread across different regions. O25 was the most prevalent O serotype overall and particularly dominant among MDR isolates. These findings may inform the design of multivalent conjugate vaccines that can target the predominant O serotypes associated with invasive ExPEC disease in older adults.
Transcriptional Analysis for Tuberculosis in Pregnant Women From the PRegnancy Associated Changes In Tuberculosis Immunology (PRACHITi) Study
Authors: Mathad Jyoti S , Queiroz Artur T L , Bhosale Ramesh , Alexander Mallika , Naik Shilpa , Kulkarni Vandana , Andrade Bruno B , Gupta Amita 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A new tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic cartridge assay, which detects a 3-gene TB signature in whole blood, was not diagnostic in women with maternal TB disease in India (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.72). In a cohort of pregnant women, we identified a novel gene set for TB diagnosis (AUC = 0.97) and one for TB progression (AUC = 0.96).
Cardiac progenitor cell-derived extracellular vesicles skew human macrophages towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype
Authors: Carmo Viola AM , Vader P , De Jager SCA , Sluijter JPG 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – EU funding. Main funding source(s): This research is support by the European Research Council (ERC) consolidator grant EVICARE (ERC-2016-COG-725229).

Background
Repair of damaged heart tissue upon myocardial infarction remains a major challenge. Transplantation of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) has been studied as a potential regenerative therapy, but recent studies have shown that the cardioprotective effect of CPCs is mediated by the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs). The benefits of CPC-derived EVs have mostly been associated with stimulation of angiogenesis and inhibition of cell death. Although macrophages have been suggested to be key for cardiac repair, the effect of CPC-EVs on macrophage polarization is poorly explored.

Purpose
Here, we hypothesized that CPC-derived EVs can modulate the inflammatory response after myocardial infarction by interacting with macrophages.

Methods
EVs were isolated from serum-starved CPCs by ultrafiltration followed by size exclusion chromatography. Human monocytes were isolated from the blood of healthy donors and differentiated into macrophages with M-CSF. Macrophages were subsequently stimulated with LPS + IFNy or with IL4 in order to induce an inflammatory M1 and reparative M2 phenotype, respectively. A third group of macrophages were cultured in media without LPS, IFNy or IL4 to resemble naive M0 macrophages. The obtained macrophages were exposed to CPC-EVs and analyzed by flow cytometry, bulk RNA sequencing and confocal microscopy to assess macrophage phenotype changes. Gene candidates were selected based on the p-value and fold-change, and validated by RT-PCR. Small molecule inhibitors were used to further investigate the mechanism by which CPC-EVs are taken up by macrophages and the pathways involved in macrophage response.

Results
Stimulation of macrophages with CPC-EVs enhanced the expression of the pro-inflammatory marker CD80, while slightly decreasing the anti-inflammatory marker CD206, in M0 and M2 macrophages. CPC-EV-stimulated macrophages also adopted a morphology that reflects the inflammatory macrophage. In line with these findings, bulk RNA sequencing on M0 and M2 polarized macrophages revealed upregulation of genes involved in inflammatory response, including cytokine and both type I and II interferon signaling. EV exposure did not significantly affect gene expression in M1 polarized macrophages. Ongoing investigations will provide in-depth insight into the mechanism by which CPC-EVs induce this response in macrophages.

Conclusion
Our data suggests that CPC-EVs are able to induce macrophage polarization towards an inflammatory phenotype, which might have implications for CPC-EV treatment after myocardial infarction. This underlines an urgent need to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory effect of CPC-derived EVs before moving into a clinical setting.
Platelets amino acids spectrum and coagulation in patients with atherosclerosis
Authors: Melnychuk I , Kramarova VN , Lizogub VG 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): O.O.Bogomolets National Medical University
Relevance: Amino acids are one of the important group of myocardial metabolites. Today metabolomic analysis has become an essential tool for understanding the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disorders [1, 3]. Coagulation factors interact with platelets by binding to platelet receptors directly or indirectly or by cleaving of the platelet receptors. Arterial thrombosis as a most life threating atherosclerosis (AS) complication is characterized by significant interplay between platelets and coagulation [2]. Therefore, it is important to find pathogenic links between changes in platelet structure and coagulation data.

Materials and methods
78 patients were investigated. All patients were divided into two groups – 20 patients without AS (control group) and 58 patients with AS (mean group). Diagnosis was verified by carotid and peripheral arteries ultrasound. Statistically all groups were compatible by the main clinical features (age, gender, concominant disorders, etc.). For amino acid platelet determination, platelet-rich plasma was obtained after blood centrifugation at 3000 g 15 min of 10 ml of the remaining plasma. One milliliter of platelet-rich plasma was centrifuged at 2,500 g for 15 min to obtain a platelet pellet that was frozen at –20°C until assayed. All the samples were stored for a maximum of 3 mounth. Platelets amino acid spectrum was checked by ion exchange liquid column gas chromatography.

Results
Patients of the mean group has significantly differences compared with control group: decreasing of taurine (6.54±9.49 vs 5.94±4.36 mkmol/107), threonine (0.48±1.69 vs 0.22±1.24 mkmol/107), glycine (2.10±3.79 vs 1.02±2.11 mkmol/107) and glutamine (2.54±5.70 vs 1.88±2.76 mkmol/107) levels; increasing alanine (1.99±4.03 vs 2.81±3.06 mkmol/107), valine (0.96±1.98 vs 1.63±1.26 mkmol/107) and isoleucine (0.53±1.84 vs 2.91±1.61 mkmol/107) levels. Also in mean group acquired leucine (2.51±0.93 mkmol/107) that was not present in control group. Total amount of branch-chained amino acids (BCAA) in platelets is also increased significantly. Therefore, in mean group patients were significant higher-level activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) (34.3±2.87 vs 28.8±3.29 s) and lower fibrinogen (205±17 vs 213±2 mg/dl). Direct significant correlation was checked between glycine (r=0,634; p&lt;0,05), alanine (r=0,587; p&lt;0,05) and fibrinogen, also between APTT and platelets BCAA (r=0,724; p&lt;0,01).

Conclusion
We obtained reliable changes in platelets amino acid spectrum and coagulation tests in patients with atherosclerosis. In addition, significant correlations between themes can be related with pathogenic platelets changes. In any case more deeper studies are desirable.
Sex-related proteomic differences of the athlete's heart
Authors: Barta BA , Olah A , Bottlik O , Ruppert M , Sayour AA , Merkely B , Schilling O , Radovits T 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Bolyai János Research Scholarship - BO/00837/21 to O.A., National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFIH) of Hungary - K135076 to B.M.

Introduction
Regular physical activity results in characteristic structural and functional changes in the heart, which are collectively referred to as the athlete’s heart. However, the extent of exercise-induced left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and functional changes show significant differences between men and women, the molecular background of which is not fully elucidated.

Purpose
The aim of this study was to provide a proteomic characterization of long-term, intense exercise-induced LV myocardial hypertrophy in a rat model, with a focus on sex-related differences.

Methods
Our rats were divided into trained (FEx) and control female (FCo) as well as trained (MEx) and control male (MCo) groups. In the trained groups, athlete’s heart was induced by a 12-week swimming protocol. Myocardial hypertrophy was confirmed by echocardiography and functional adaptation by pressure-volume analysis. Proteomic measurements based on liquid chromatograph-coupled mass spectrometry were performed on proteins isolated from our LV myocardial samples.

Results
Echocardiography and post-mortem myocardial mass showed significant LV hypertrophy in both sexes, which was more pronounced in female animals (tibial length normalized LV muscle mass: + 17.4% MEx vs. MCo, + 31.0% FEx vs. FCo). LV contractility increased to the same extent in both sexes. Relative expression of 3074 proteins were determined by proteomics. There was a significant change in expression of 229 proteins in males and 599 in females compared to the level of same-sex controls. Based on our gene ontological analysis, physiological LV remodeling in females is characterized by increased expression of proteins in cellular respiration and fatty acid oxidation, whereas in males, proteins that bind to the actin cytoskeleton is primarily increased.

Conclusions
Our data suggests that physiological LV hypertrophy resulting from regular, balanced exercise is associated with sex-specific changes in the myocardial proteome. Our results contribute to the understanding of the development of physiological myocardial hypertrophy.
Evidence of Sialylation pathways alteration in peripheral blood of Brugada Syndrome patients
Authors: Tarantino A , Ghiroldi A , Creo P , D'imperio S , Giuseppe C , Micaglio E , Monasky M , Vicedomini G , Pappone C , Anastasia L 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): RICERCA CORRENTE, Italian Ministry of Health

Background
Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a cardiac arrhythmia associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). BrS is considered a genetic disorder, and the most commonly mutated gene is SCN5A, which encodes the alpha subunit of the voltage-gated cardiac sodium channel (NaV1.5). Mutations of SCN5A generally cause impairment of NaV1.5 function, resulting in alteration of the action potential. However, mutations of SCN5A are responsible for only 30% of BrS cases. Therefore, it is conceivable that other mechanisms such as post-translational modifications (PTMs) could affect NaV1.5 activity. Among others, sialylation may alter ion channel activity by carrying a sugar with a negative charge. Alterations in sialylation have previously been described in several cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, Chagas disease, and congenital disorders of glycosylation, a family of diseases affecting the heart. For these reasons, the aim was to study alterations in sialylation in BrS patients to get new information about the pathogenesis of BrS.

Materials and Methods
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from BrS patients and healthy controls. To characterize the protein sialylation status of PBMCs, SNA lectin, which is sialic acid-binding proteins, was used by Western blot and flow cytometry. Gene expression of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis, activation, transfer, degradation, and recycling of sialic acid was examined in PBMCs by real-time PCR.

Results
The extracellular and intracellular sialylation levels of PBMCs differed between BrS patients and controls. In particular, CD3+/CD4+ T cells exhibited a lower significant amount of sialic acid. Moreover, gene expression of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and activation of sialic acid was downregulated in patients compared to controls. In contrast, the sialyltransferases St3Gal1, St3Gal4, and St6Gal2, enzymes responsible for binding sialic acid to the protein surface, showed significant enzyme-specific differences between BrS patients and controls. Moreover, the levels of sialyltransferases and sialylated proteins are inversely correlated with the epicardial area of the cardiac pathological substrate and with potential duration, two clinical indicators of BrS severity.

Discussion
These preliminary results demonstrate the involvement of sialylation in BrS syndrome and suggest that impairment of the sialylation process may be associated with the onset and/or manifestation of BrS. In addition, biochemical alteration of cells of the BrS immune system was reported for the first time, supporting the hypothesis that BrS is a systemic disease whose final manifestation is an increased risk of SCD.