bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integration of Black Phosphorus Photoconductors with Lithium Niobate on Insulator Photonics
Authors: Wang Shifan , Chapman Robert James , Johnson Brett C. , Krasnokutska Inna , Tambasco Jean‐Luc J. , Messalea Kibret , Peruzzo Alberto , Bullock James 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPhotodetectors formed with layered two‐dimensional (2D) materials have shown significant potential for integration with photonic circuits, offering fast, high responsivity and low noise detection over a broad range of optical wavelengths. However, only preliminary trials of this concept have been performed on emerging photonics platforms such as lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI). In this study, a novel architecture consisting of ≈15 nm thick layered black phosphorus (bP) photoconductors draped over LNOI waveguides is demonstrated. The performance of these detectors is studied across the telecom bands at room temperature, and a high extrinsic responsivity of 148 mA W−1 is measured at λ = 1550 nm under low bias conditions (VDS = 0.3 V). The spectral response of the detectors is broad allowing the response of other photonic components, such as fiber‐to‐chip grating couplers, to be characterized in situ, without need to out‐couple the light. Finally, the speed of the bP detectors is found to be beyond our instrumentation, setting 100 ns as an upper‐limit rise/fall time, with the actual speed of the bP detector likely to be much faster.
Frenkel Defect Responsive Upconversion Through High‐Energy Radiation
Authors: Bian Hongyu , Qin Xian , Chen Xinwen , Wang Yu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNear‐infrared light excitable upconversion nanocrystals are extensively applied in anticounterfeiting, optical imaging, and biomedicine, wherein many mechanistic endeavors are made to manipulate energy transfer through chemical engineering. However, how external stimuli such as high‐energy radiation (X‐ray) influence the energy transfer of these upconversion nanoparticles remains poorly understood. Here a new strategy for energy transfer modulation through X‐ray irradiation in Yb3+ and Tm3+ co‐doped nanoparticles is reported. Mechanistic studies indicate that X‐ray induced Frenkel defects in crystal lattices, other than the variation of lanthanide valence or crystal symmetry, lead to energy mismatch between adjacent Yb3+ sensitizers and the resultant inefficient energy transfer from sensitizers to activators. Based on these findings, high‐contrast X‐ray imaging and long‐term information storage (over 50 days) using nanoparticle‐containing flexible films are demonstrated. This work offers insights into the understanding of light‐matter interaction by high‐energy radiation and provides a promising methodology for long‐term information storage and X‐ray imaging.
Superstrong Carbon Nanotube Yarns by Developing Multiscale Bundle Structures on the Direct Spin‐Line without Post‐Treatment
Authors: Cho Young Shik , Lee Jae Won , Kim Jaewook , Jung Yeonsu , Yang Seung Jae , Park Chong Rae 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSuper strong fibers, such as carbon or aramid fibers, have long been used as effective fillers for advanced composites. In this study, the highest tensile strength of 5.5 N tex−1 for carbon nanotube yarns (CNTYs) is achieved by controlling the micro‐textural structure through a facile and eco‐friendly bundle engineering process in direct spinning without any post‐treatment. Inspired by the strengthening mechanism of the hierarchical fibrillary structure of natural cellulose fiber, this study develops multiscale bundle structures in CNTYs whereby secondary bundles, ≈200 nm in thickness, evolve from the assembly of elementary bundles, 30 nm in thickness, without any damage, which is a basic load‐bearing element in CNTY. The excellent mechanical performance of these CNTYs makes them promising substitutes for the benchmark, lightweight, and super strong commercial fibers used for energy‐saving structural materials. These findings address how the tensile strength of CNTY can be improved without additional post‐treatment in the spinning process if the development of the aforementioned secondary bundles and the corresponding orientations are properly engineered.
A consensus list of ultrasound competencies for graduating emergency medicine residents
Authors: Haidar David A. , Peterson William J. , Minges Patrick G. , Carnell Jennifer , Nomura Jason T. , Bailitz John , Boyd Jeremy S. , Leo Megan M. , Liu E. Liang , Duanmu Youyou , Acuña Josie , Kessler Ross , Elegante Marco F. , Nelson Mathew , Liu Rachel B. , Lewiss Resa E. , Nagdev Arun , Huang Rob D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesEmergency ultrasound (EUS) is a critical component of emergency medicine (EM) resident education. Currently, there is no consensus list of competencies for EUS training, and graduating residents have varying levels of skill and comfort. The objective of this study was to define a widely accepted comprehensive list of EUS competencies for graduating EM residents through a modified Delphi method.MethodsWe developed a list of EUS applications through a comprehensive literature search, the American College of Emergency Physicians list of core EUS benchmarks, and the Council of Emergency Medicine Residency‐Academy of Emergency Ultrasound consensus document. We assembled a multi‐institutional expert panel including 15 faculty members from diverse practice environments and geographical regions. The panel voted on the list of competencies through two rounds of a modified Delphi process using a modified Likert scale (1 = not at all important, 5 = very important) to determine levels of agreement for each application—with revisions occurring between the two rounds. High agreement for consensus was set at >80%.ResultsFifteen of 15 panelists completed the first‐round survey (100%) that included 359 topics related to EUS. After the first round, 195 applications achieved high agreement, four applications achieved medium agreement, and 164 applications achieved low agreement. After the discussion, we removed three questions and added 13 questions. Fifteen of 15 panelists completed the second round of the survey (100%) with 209 of the 369 applications achieving consensus.ConclusionOur final list represents expert opinion on EUS competencies for graduating EM residents. We hope to use this consensus list to implement a more consistent EUS curriculum for graduating EM residents and to standardize EUS training across EM residency programs.
Implications of holdfast availability and patchiness on juvenile seahorse (Hippocampus reidi) condition and welfare: Simulations in captivity
Authors: Planas Miquel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSeahorses (Genus Hippocampus; Family Syngnathidae) are iconic fish characterised by tails with prehensile capabilities, which develop after the transition from planktonic to benthonic lifestyle. As a result, seahorses remain attached to vegetal structures or other elements most of the time, both in the wild and under rearing conditions. In the present simulation study, we assessed the effect of artificial holdfast structures on the welfare of Hippocampus reidi juveniles maintained for 30 days under culture conditions. For that, both availability and patchiness of holdfast elements were considered, simulating different levels of habitat complexity. The results attained on the bioindicators assessed (survival, growth, distribution and final colouration) suggest that the viability of juveniles deprived of holdfast elements was not hampered. However, the differences observed in the final colouration of juveniles would be the result of superior welfare condition in fishes maintained in the presence of attachment structures. In addition, lower aggregation of juveniles was promoted by low complexity in simulated habitats. The results seem to indicate that habitat complexity in the wild does not affect juvenile's viability but provides better conditions for shelter and fast access to prey. However, further investigations are needed to evaluate potential detrimental effects of holdfast unavailability as a potential physiological stressor factor.
Cover crops affect soybean yield components, but not grain quality
Authors: Euteneuer Pia , Wagentristl Helmut , Neugschwandtner Reinhard W. , Pauer Stefan , Keimerl Matthias , Piepho Hans‐Peter , Steinkellner Siegrid 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCover cropping is mainly used to prevent soil erosion, but the effects of individual cover crops on the subsequent soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] are hardly known. Therefore, two annual field trials with 15 cover crop species and bare fallow as control were conducted in semi‐arid East Austria in 2016 and 2017. Cover crops were sown in July in 3‐ × 10‐m plots in a randomized block design with three replicates and were incorporated in mid‐April before soybean were seeded. Cover crop biomass differed between plant species and year (2016, 626 ± 390; 2017, 84 ± 86.1 g m−2). Aboveground cover crop biomass did not affect soybean establishment, but single cover crop species such as ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. var. westerwoldicum Wittm.), kidney vetch (Anthyllis vulneraria L.), and corn cockle (Agrostemma githago L.) impeded soybean seeding due to high root densities and prevented germination or fostered outbreak of two‐spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch). These three cover crops reduced soybean grain yield by 12–84%. Grain yield was a function of grain density m−2 in a three‐way interaction with year and cover crop treatment, but not by plant or pod density. Protein, oil, and sucrose content of soybean were unaffected by cover crop treatments. Overall, with the exception of ryegrass, kidney vetch, and corn cockle, cover crops can be grown ahead of soybean without any yield loss and can be used for their versatile ecosystem services.
The heart in RASopathies
Authors: Delogu Angelica Bibiana , Limongelli Giuseppe , Versacci Paolo , Adorisio Rachele , Kaski Juan Pablo , Blandino Rita , Maiolo Stella , Monda Emanuele , Putotto Carolina , De Rosa Gabriella , Chatfield Kathryn C. , Gelb Bruce D. , Calcagni Giulio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe cardiovascular phenotype associated with RASopathies has expanded far beyond the original descriptions of pulmonary valve stenosis by Dr Jaqueline Noonan in 1968 and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by Hirsch et al. in 1975. Because of the common underlying RAS/MAPK pathway dysregulation, RASopathy syndromes usually present with a typical spectrum of overlapping cardiovascular anomalies, although less common cardiac defects can occur. The identification of the causative genetic variants has enabled the recognition of specific correlations between genotype and cardiac phenotype. Characterization and understanding of genotype–phenotype associations is not only important for counseling a family of an infant with a new diagnosis of a RASopathy condition but is also critical for their clinical prognosis with respect to cardiac disease, neurodevelopment and other organ system involvement over the lifetime of the patient. This review will focus on the cardiac manifestations of the most common RASopathy syndromes, the relationship between cardiac defects and causal genetic variation, the contribution of cardiovascular abnormalities to morbidity and mortality and the most relevant follow‐up issues for patients affected by RAS/MAPK pathway diseases, with respect to cardiac clinical outcomes and management, in children and in the adult population.
Progress on Pyridotriazole Chemistry: Synthesis and Transformations
Authors: Shen Ruwei , Yin Kaixin , Yu Mengyuan , Li Xiaojie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPyridotriazoles are an important subclass of azacyclic compounds. Although known in early 1950s, these compounds aroused little attention in synthetic chemistry for a long time. This situation has changed during the past years as ever‐increasing recognitions on their rich properties and reactivities. Particularly, the recent exploration on their potentials as carbene or metal carbene precursors in denitrogenative transformations catalytically or non‐catalytically has met considerable success. A lot of new synthetic approaches towards azacyclic compounds such as indolizines, imidazopyridines, pyridoisoquinolinones and pyridoindoles as well as a wide range of functionalized pyridines have been established based on the transformations of pyridotriazoles. Meanwhile, a considerable number of new reactions are developed for the synthesis of pyridotriazoles. In particular, the development of new transition‐metal catalyzed tandem reactions has enabled selective generation of diverse pyridotriazoles in efficient manners from simple starting materials. This review surveys main advances in this field over the last two decades and aims to provide an up‐to‐date overview on the knowledge of pyridotriazole chemistry.
Lowering fasting blood glucose with non‐dialyzable material of cranberry extract is dependent on host genetic background, sex and diet
Authors: Amer‐Sarsour Fatima , Tarabeih Rana , Ofek Itzhak , Iraqi Fuad A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundType 2 diabetes (T2D) is a polygenic metabolic disease, characterized by high fasting blood glucose (FBG). The ability of cranberry (CRN) fruit to regulate glycemia in T2D patients is well known. Here, a cohort of 13 lines of the genetically diverse Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse model was assessed for the effect of non‐dialyzable material (NDM) of cranberry extract in lowering fasting blood glucose.MethodsEight‐week‐old mice were maintained on either a standard chow diet (control group) or a high‐fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks, followed by injections of intraperitoneal (IP) NDM (50 mg/kg) per mouse, three times a week for the next 6 weeks. Absolute FBG (mg/dl) was measured bi‐weekly and percentage changes in FBG (%FBG) between weeks 0 and 12 were calculated.ResultsStatistical analysis showed a significant decrease in FBG between weeks 0 and 12 in male and female mice maintained on CHD. However, a non‐significant increase in FBG values was observed in male and female mice maintained on HFD during the same period. Following administration of NDM during the following 6 weeks, the results show a variation in significant levels of FBG lowering between lines, male and female mice and under the different diets.ConclusionThe results suggest that the efficacy of NDM treatment in lowering FGB depends on host genetic background (pharmacogenetics), sex of the mouse (pharmacosex), and diet (pharmacodiet). All these results support the need for follow‐up research to better understand and implement a personalized medicine approach/utilization of NDM for reducing FBG.
Heavy Elements and Electromagnetic Transients from Neutron Star Mergers
Authors: Rosswog Stephan , Korobkin Oleg 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCompact binary mergers involving neutron stars can eject a fraction of their mass to space. Being extremely neutron rich, this material undergoes rapid neutron capture nucleosynthesis, and the resulting radioactivity powers fast, short‐lived electromagnetic transients known as kilonova or macronova. Such transients are exciting probes of the most extreme physical conditions and their observation signals the enrichment of the Universe with heavy elements. Here the current understanding of the mass ejection mechanisms, the properties of the ejecta, and the resulting radioactive transients are reviewed. The first well‐observed event in the aftermath of GW170817 delivered a wealth of insights, but much of today's picture of such events is still based on a patchwork of theoretical studies. Apart from summarizing the current understanding, questions where no consensus has been reached yet are also pointed out, and possible directions for the future research are sketched. In an appendix, a publicly available heating rate library based on the WinNet nuclear reaction network is described, and a simple fit formula to alleviate the implementation in hydrodynamic simulations is provided.
A Ferroelectric Aminophosphonium Cyanoferrate with a Large Electrostrictive Coefficient as a Piezoelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Vijayakanth Thangavel , Sahoo Supriya , Kothavade Premkumar , Bhan Sharma Vijay , Kabra Dinesh , Zaręba Jan K. , Shanmuganathan Kadhiravan , Boomishankar Ramamoorthy 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHybrid materials possessing piezo‐ and ferroelectric properties emerge as excellent alternatives to conventional piezoceramics due to their merits of facile synthesis, lightweight nature, ease of fabrication and mechanical flexibility. Inspired by the structural stability of aminophosphonium compounds, here we report the first A3BX6type cyanometallate [Ph2(iPrNH)2P]3[Fe(CN)6] (1), which shows a ferroelectric saturation polarization (Ps) of 3.71 μC cm−2. Compound1exhibits a high electrostrictive coefficient (Q33) of 0.73 m4 C−2, far exceeding those of piezoceramics (0.034–0.096 m4 C−2). Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) analysis demonstrates the polarization switching and domain structure of1further confirming its ferroelectric nature. Furthermore, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) polymer composite films of1were prepared and employed as piezoelectric nanogenerators. Notably, the 15 wt %1‐TPU device gave a maximum output voltage of 13.57 V and a power density of 6.03 μW cm−2.
Ferroelectric Ionic Molecular Crystals with Significant Plasticity and a Low Melting Point: High Performance in Hot‐Pressed Polycrystalline Plates and Melt‐Grown Crystalline Sheets
Authors: Harada Jun , Takahashi Haruka , Notsuka Rin , Takehisa Mika , Takahashi Yukihiro , Usui Tomoyasu , Taniguchi Hiroki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAmong ferroelectric crystals based on small molecules, plastic/ferroelectric crystals are currently receiving particular attention because they can be used as bulk polycrystals. Herein, we show that an ionic molecular ferroelectric crystal, guanidinium tetrafluoroborate, exhibits significant malleability and multiaxial ferroelectricity despite the absence of a plastic crystal phase. Powder samples of this crystal can be processed into transparent bulk crystalline plates either by press‐forming or by melt‐growing. The plates show high ferroelectric performance and related properties, demonstrating the largest hitherto reported spontaneous polarization for bulk polycrystals of small‐molecule‐based ferroelectrics. Owing to the ready availability of large‐scale materials and processability into various bulk crystalline forms, this ferroelectric crystal represents a highly promising functional material that will boost research on diverse applications as bulk crystals.
Deep Learning‐Enhanced Potentiometric Aptasensing with Magneto‐Controlled Sensors
Authors: Mou Junsong , Ding Jiawang , Qin Wei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBioelectronic sensors that report charge changes of a biomolecule upon target binding enable direct and sensitive analyte detection but remain a major challenge for potentiometric measurement, mainly due to Debye Length limitations and the need for molecular‐level platforms. Here, we report on a magneto‐controlled potentiometric method to directly and sensitively measure the target‐binding induced charge change of DNA aptamers assembled on magnetic beads using a polymeric membrane potentiometric ion sensor. The potentiometric responses of the negatively charged aptamer, serving as a receptor and reporter, were dynamically controlled and modulated by applying a magnetic field. Based on a potentiometric array, this non‐equilibrium measurement technique combined with deep learning algorithms allows for rapidly and reliably classifying and quantifying diverse small molecules using antibiotics as models. This potentiometric strategy opens new modalities for sensing applications.
Intertwining Olefin Thianthrenation with Kornblum/Ganem Oxidations: Ene‐type Oxidation to Furnish α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyls
Authors: Angyal Péter , Kotschy András M. , Dudás Ádám , Varga Szilárd , Soós Tibor 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA widely applicable, practical, and scalable synthetic method for efficient ene‐type double oxidation of alkenes is reported via a two‐step alkenyl thianthrenium umpolung/Kornblum‐Ganem oxidation strategy. This chemo‐ and stereoselective procedure allows easy access to various α,β‐unsaturated carbonyls that may be otherwise difficult or cumbersome to synthesize by conventional methods. For α‐olefins, this metal‐free transformation can be tuned according to synthetic needs to produce either the elusive (Z)‐unsaturated aldehydes or their (E) counterparts. Moreover, this strategy has enabled streamlined synthesis of distinct butadienyl pheromones and kairomones.
Schlenk's Legacy—Methyllithium Put under Close Scrutiny
Authors: Lebon Jakob , Mortis Alexandros , Maichle‐Mössmer Cäcilia , Manßen Manfred , Sirsch Peter , Anwander Reiner 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCommercially available stock solutions of organolithium reagents are well‐implemented tools in organic and organometallic chemistry. However, such solutions are inherently contaminated with lithium halide salts, which can complicate certain synthesis protocols and purification processes. Here, we report the isolation of chloride‐free methyllithium employing K[N(SiMe3)2] as a halide‐trapping reagent. The influence of distinct LiCl contaminations on the 7Li‐NMR chemical shift is examined and their quantification demonstrated. The structural parameters of new chloride‐free monomeric methyllithium complex [(Me3TACN)LiCH3], ligated by an azacrown ether, are assessed by comparison with a halide‐contaminated variant and monomeric lithium chloride [(Me3TACN)LiCl], further emphasizing the effect of halide impurities.
J‐Aggregates Formed by NaCl Treatment of Aza‐Coating Heptamethine Cyanines and Their Application to Monitoring Salt Stress of Plants and Promoting Photothermal Therapy of Tumors
Authors: Ma Xiaoxie , Huang Yurou , Chen Weijie , Liu Jia , Liu Sheng Hua , Yin Jun , Yang Guang‐Fu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe cationic nature of heptamethine cyanines gives them the capacity to form aggregates with salts by electrostatic interactions. In this work, NaCl promoted J‐aggregate formation of aza‐coating heptamethine cyanines is explored. NaCl can induce theN‐benzyloxycarbonylCy‐CO2Bzto assemble into a J‐aggregate having an absorption at 890 nm. Its excellent fluorescence response to NaCl implies that it has great potential for use as a probe for tracing salt stress in plants. Moreover, NaCl also promotes formation of J‐aggregates from the N‐ethyloxycarbonylCy‐CO2Et. The aggregate shows an intense absorption at 910 nm compared to the monomer which absorbs at 766 nm. Its J‐aggregated form can serve as a photothermal agent. And the photothermal conversion efficiency is increased from 29.37 % to 57.59 %. This effort leads to the development of two applications of new cyanine J‐aggregates including one for tracing salt stress of plants and the other for promoting photothermal therapy of tumors.