bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accounting for EGFR Mutations in Epidemiologic Analyses of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancers: Examples Based on the International Lung Cancer Consortium Data
Authors: Schmid Sabine , Jiang Mei , Brown M. Catherine , Fares Aline , Garcia Miguel , Soriano Joelle , Dong Mei , Thomas Sera , Kohno Takashi , Leal Leticia Ferro , Diao Nancy , Xie Juntao , Wang Zhichao , Zaridze David , Holcatova Ivana , Lissowska Jolanta , Świątkowska Beata , Mates Dana , Savic Milan , Wenzlaff Angela S. , Harris Curtis C. , Caporaso Neil E. , Ma Hongxia , Fernandez-Tardon Guillermo , Barnett Matthew J. , Goodman Gary , Davies Michael P.A. , Pérez-Ríos Mónica , Taylor Fiona , Duell Eric J. , Schoettker Ben , Brenner Hermann , Andrew Angeline , Cox Angela , Ruano-Ravina Alberto , Field John K. , Marchand Loic Le , Wang Ying , Chen Chu , Tardon Adonina , Shete Sanjay , Schabath Matthew B. , Shen Hongbing , Landi Maria Teresa , Ryan Brid M. , Schwartz Ann G. , Qi Lihong , Sakoda Lori C. , Brennan Paul , Yang Ping , Zhang Jie , Christiani David C. , Reis Rui Manuel , Shiraishi Kouya , Hung Rayjean J. , Xu Wei , Liu Geoffrey 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background:
Somatic EGFR mutations define a subset of non–small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) that have clinical impact on NSCLC risk and outcome. However, EGFR-mutation-status is often missing in epidemiologic datasets. We developed and tested pragmatic approaches to account for EGFR-mutation-status based on variables commonly included in epidemiologic datasets and evaluated the clinical utility of these approaches.

Methods:
Through analysis of the International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO) epidemiologic datasets, we developed a regression model for EGFR-status; we then applied a clinical-restriction approach using the optimal cut-point, and a second epidemiologic, multiple imputation approach to ILCCO survival analyses that did and did not account for EGFR-status.

Results:
Of 35,356 ILCCO patients with NSCLC, EGFR-mutation-status was available in 4,231 patients. A model regressing known EGFR-mutation-status on clinical and demographic variables achieved a concordance index of 0.75 (95% CI, 0.74–0.77) in the training and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.74–0.79) in the testing dataset. At an optimal cut-point of probability-score = 0.335, sensitivity = 69% and specificity = 72.5% for determining EGFR-wildtype status. In both restriction-based and imputation-based regression analyses of the individual roles of BMI on overall survival of patients with NSCLC, similar results were observed between overall and EGFR-mutation-negative cohort analyses of patients of all ancestries. However, our approach identified some differences: EGFR-mutated Asian patients did not incur a survival benefit from being obese, as observed in EGFR-wildtype Asian patients.

Conclusions:
We introduce a pragmatic method to evaluate the potential impact of EGFR-status on epidemiological analyses of NSCLC.

Impact:
The proposed method is generalizable in the common occurrence in which EGFR-status data are missing.
Impact of a Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Program within Organized Cervical Cancer Screening: Cohort Study
Authors: Martellucci Cecilia Acuti , Morettini Margherita , Brotherton Julia M.L. , Canfell Karen , Manzoli Lamberto , Flacco Maria Elena , Palmer Matthew , Rossi Paolo Giorgi , Martellucci Mosè , Giacomini Giusi , D'Errico Marcello Mario , Pasqualini Francesca 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background:
We assessed the effectiveness of an HPV (human papillomavirus) vaccination program in lowering cervical abnormality risk, and conferring herd protection.

Methods:
Retrospective cohort study using linked screening and vaccination administrative health data of the general population of Ancona Province, Italy. We included all female residents born in 1990–1993, eligible for catch-up HPV vaccination up to age 25 years, and adhering to organized screening in 2015–2020 (n = 4,665). Cervical abnormalities rates were compared between: Vaccinated and unvaccinated women, and cohorts with high and low vaccination uptake. Analyses were adjusted for age, country of birth, screening tests number, laboratory, and municipality average income. Main outcomes were ASC-US+ or LSIL+ Pap smears, and CIN1+ or CIN2+ histology.

Results:
Mean screening age was 26.6±1.5 years, and 1,118 screened women (24.0%) were vaccinated (mean vaccination age 19.2±1.5 years). The diagnosed cervical abnormalities were: 107 LSIL+ (2.3%), 70 CIN1+ (1.5%), and 35 CIN2+ (0.8%). The adjusted odds ratios of LSIL+, CIN1+, and CIN2+ among vaccinated versus unvaccinated women were, respectively: 0.55 [(95% confidence interval (CI), 0.33–0.91)], 0.43 (95% CI, 0.22–0.86), and 0.31 (95% CI, 0.11–0.91). Among the unvaccinated, those in the highest-uptake (45.3%) 1993 cohort, versus the last pre-vaccination 1990 cohort, showed AORs of LSIL+ and CIN1+ of 0.23 (95% CI, 0.10–0.50), and 0.22 (95% CI, 0.07–0.69), respectively.

Conclusions:
In the first evaluation from Central Italy, catch-up HPV vaccination considerably reduced the risk of all cervical abnormalities diagnosed within organized screening, and conferred an elevated degree of herd protection among unvaccinated women.

Impact:
The high protection conferred by HPV vaccination suggests the need to update cervical screening.
Network Security Using Honeypot and Attack Detection with Android Application
Authors: Panduardi Farizqi , Herman Yuliandoko  , Agus Priyo Utomo  
Published: January 2022

Network security is now increasingly needed in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0. As technology grows, cybercrimes are becoming more and more common, including attacks on a resource. At this time, honeypots are also widely used by large industries for network security, besides that honeypots are also useful for them in developing intrusion and preventing systems. Honeypots are usually used in a virtual environment, they will stimulate a fake system to capture data packets on the network and be analysed offline later for all threats and attacks.
This propose of this paper is to detect and prevent building attacks from computer network attackers using an android application. This application can monitor an attack on the server by installing a honeypot tool into the server as an attack detector, then the honeypot log is used as a Rest API using Django framework with MongoDB database. this application can find out if there is an attack on the server, and can block the attacker's IP address.
Improving the Level of Economic Development and Social Welfare in Rural Areas for Young People
Authors: Jafarli Fuad 
Published: January 2022

One of the three global goals set by states is to eradicate poverty and ensure economic and social progress for all.
Young people in many low- and middle-income countries face exceptional challenges in finding their place in a globalizing economy. Integrating hundreds of millions of young people into the labor market is one of the greatest global development challenges for decades to come. Rural populations all over the world are aging. The role of young people as drivers of change in agricultural and food systems and their place in rural labor markets is receiving increasing attention at the global level, especially as a result of increased global migration flows. How can this problem be transformed into a “youth” driving force for rural development?
This paper argues for leveraging growing demand for agricultural products and recent advances in the agricultural sector to expand youth employment opportunities and promote attractive decent jobs, especially green jobs, in rural areas.
The paper analyses the situation in our daily life, in which the proportion of the worldwide countries are dealing with the problem related to the economic development and social welfare in rural areas. The paper includes the following issues such as the attractiveness and creation of opportunities for youth and consideration of them as the main partners in rural areas play a crucial role nowadays. Moreover, green jobs as well are effective and efficient in enhancement of both productivity and sustainability of agricultural sphere. The question is how to transform this challenge into an opportunity and harness the energy of young people as a driving force for development. The role of young people as drivers of change in agro-food systems and their place in rural labor markets is receiving increasing attention at the global level, especially as a result of increased global migration flows.
A top priority for developed and developing countries is to systematically mainstream youth rural decent employment issues into programs and investment projects in agriculture, value chains, agro-industry development, rural transformation, and sustainable food systems. This paper argues for expanding employment opportunities for youth through the creation of decent jobs, especially green jobs, in rural areas.
Strategies and Approaches in Teaching Values Education Among Public Secondary School In The Division Of Zambales
Authors: Edaño Domingo C. , Meer Christine Joy Q. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

The research aimed to look into the strategies and approaches in teaching values education among public secondary schools in the Division of Zambales, SY 2020-2021. The researcher used the quantitative descriptive-survey research design with questionnaire as the main instrument in gathering data from the population of three hundred (300) values educational teacher.
The study revealed that the majority of Values Education teachers are female. The teachers always used Inculcation Approach as strategy in teaching Values Education. The respondents strongly agreed that the strategies in teaching Values Education was the most difficult dimension in teaching Values Education. There is significant differences on age and religious affiliation towards inculcation approach and significant on age towards Awareness Approach. No significant differences on moral reasoning approach, value clarification approach and evocation approach. Moreover, it was found that there is significant difference on age towards difficulty on contents while no significant differences on strategies and assessment respectively. There is negligible relationship between the academic performance and the strategies and approaches used in teaching values education. There is negligible relationship between the academic performance and the difficulties in teaching Values Education.
The training design is hereby proposed entitled: Training Design in Values Education on Teaching Strategies and Approaches Amidst COVID 19-Pandemic.
Based on the salient findings, the researcher recommended that head teachers and teachers in Values Education should make innovations on how Inculcation Approach in teaching the subject be more useful and effective; head teachers, principals, education specialist on Values Education of Division of Zambales may focus their In-service Trainings ways how teachers enhance the utilization and effectiveness of approaches; the teachers should look and utilize suitable techniques for Inculcation, Moral Reasoning, Awareness, Value Clarification and Evocation approaches; and head teachers and teachers are encouraged to attend national and international trainings and seminars for better understanding and improved skill in selecting appropriate strategies, on the development of learning content and assessment procedures in Values Education.
Symbolic Interaction Of Migrant Women In Pontang District, Banten Province
Authors: Mulyasih Rahmi , Sihabudin Ahmad , Faiz Fahruddin 
Published: January 2022

Migrant women are a phenomenon that describes a change in the position of husband and wife in the life of Indonesian society in general. This study aims to explore the interactions that occur between migrant women and their families and communities which then lead to symbols that are interpreted differently by migrant women, families and communities. The research method used in this study uses an ethnomethodological method, which in this research method reflects behavior and tries to understand or interpret someone and others. The results of the study illustrate that there are symbols that are interpreted as meaning the success of migrant women with big and nice houses, jewelry worn and vehicles. These symbols then create a new culture or different interactions between migrant women, both with their families and communities.
Single-Cell Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Embryonic Endothelial Heterogeneity at Spatiotemporal Level and Multifunctions of MicroRNA-126 in Mice
Authors: (郭 方浩)  , (关 亚娜)  , (郭 君君)  , (张 陆军)  , (邱 京晶)  , (季 勇)  , (陈 丰原)  , (荆 清)  
Published: January 2022

Background:
Endothelial cells (ECs) play a critical role in angiogenesis and vascular remodeling. The heterogeneity of ECs has been reported at adult stages, yet it has not been fully investigated. This study aims to assess the transcriptional heterogeneity of developmental ECs at spatiotemporal level and to reveal the changes of embryonic ECs clustering when endothelium-enriched microRNA-126 (miR-126) was specifically knocked out.

Methods:
C57BL/6J mice embryos at day 14.5 were harvested and digested, followed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting to enrich ECs. Then, single-cell RNA sequencing was applied to enriched embryonic ECs. Tie2 (Tek receptor tyrosine kinase)-cre–mediated ECs-specific miR-126 knockout mice were constructed, and ECs from Tie2-cre–mediated ECs-specific miR-126 knockout embryos were subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing.

Results:
Embryonic ECs were clustered into 11 groups corresponding to anatomic characteristics. The vascular bed (arteries, capillaries, veins, lymphatics) exhibited transcriptomic similarity across the developmental stage. Embryonic ECs had higher proliferative potential than adult ECs. Integrating analysis showed that 3 ECs populations (hepatic, mesenchymal transition, and pulmonary ECs) were apparently disorganized after miR-126 being knocked out. Gene ontology analysis revealed that disrupted ECs were mainly related to hypoxia, glycometabolism, and vascular calcification. Additionally, in vivo experiment showed that Tie2-cre–mediated ECs-specific miR-126 knockout mice exhibited excessive intussusceptive angiogenesis; reductive glucose and pyruvate tolerance; and excessive accumulation of calcium. Agonist miR-126-3p agomir significantly rescued the phenotype of glucose metabolic dysfunction in Tie2-cre–mediated ECs-specific miR-126 knockout mice.

Conclusions:
The heterogeneity of ECs is established as early as the embryonic stage. The deficiency of miR-126 disrupts the differentiation and diversification of embryonic ECs, suggesting that miR-126 plays an essential role in the maintenance of ECs heterogeneity.
Acute Carotid Artery Stenting Versus Balloon Angioplasty for Tandem Occlusions: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Zevallos Cynthia B. , Farooqui Mudassir , Quispe‐Orozco Darko , Mendez‐Ruiz Alan , Dajles Andres , Garg Aayushi , Galecio‐Castillo Milagros , Patterson Mary , Zaidat Osama , Ortega‐Gutierrez Santiago 
Published: January 2022

Background
Despite thrombectomy having become the standard of care for large‐vessel occlusion strokes, acute endovascular management in tandem occlusions, especially of the cervical internal carotid artery lesion, remains uncertain. We aimed to compare efficacy and safety of acute carotid artery stenting to balloon angioplasty alone on treating the cervical lesion in tandem occlusions. Similarly, we aimed to explore those outcomes’ associations with technique approaches and use of thrombolysis.

Methods and Results
We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to compare functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale), reperfusion, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and 3‐month mortality. We explored the association of first approach (anterograde/retrograde) and use of thrombolysis with those outcomes as well. Two independent reviewers performed the screening, data extraction, and quality assessment. A random‐effects model was used for analysis. Thirty‐four studies were included in our systematic review and 9 in the meta‐analysis. Acute carotid artery stenting was associated with higher odds of modified Rankin Scale score ≤2 (odds ratio [OR], 1.95 [95% CI, 1.24–3.05]) and successful reperfusion (OR, 1.89 [95% CI, 1.26–2.83]), with no differences in mortality or symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage rates. Moreover, a retrograde approach was significantly associated with modified Rankin Scale score ≤2 (OR, 1.72 [95% CI, 1.05–2.83]), and no differences were found on thrombolysis status.

Conclusions
Carotid artery stenting and a retrograde approach had higher odds of successful reperfusion and good functional outcomes at 3 months than balloon angioplasty and an anterograde approach, respectively, in patients with tandem occlusions. A randomized controlled trial comparing these techniques with structured antithrombotic regimens and safety outcomes will offer definitive guidance in the optimal management of this complex disease.
Reducing Morbidity and Mortality in Patients With Coarctation Requires Systematic Differentiation of Impacts of Mixed Valvular Disease on Coarctation Hemodynamics
Authors: Sadeghi Reza , Tomka Benjamin , Khodaei Seyedvahid , Garcia Julio , Ganame Javier , Keshavarz‐Motamed Zahra 
Published: January 2022

Background
Despite ongoing advances in surgical techniques for coarctation of the aorta (COA) repair, the long‐term results are not always benign. Associated mixed valvular diseases (various combinations of aortic and mitral valvular pathologies) are responsible for considerable postoperative morbidity and mortality. We investigated the impact of COA and mixed valvular diseases on hemodynamics.

Methods and Results
We developed a patient‐specific computational framework. Our results demonstrate that mixed valvular diseases interact with COA fluid dynamics and contribute to speed up the progression of the disease by amplifying the irregular flow patterns downstream of COA (local) and exacerbating the left ventricular function (global) (N=26). Velocity downstream of COA with aortic regurgitation alone was increased, and the situation got worse when COA and aortic regurgitation coexisted with mitral regurgitation (COA with normal valves: 5.27 m/s, COA with only aortic regurgitation: 8.8 m/s, COA with aortic and mitral regurgitation: 9.36 m/s; patient 2). Workload in these patients was increased because of the presence of aortic stenosis alone, aortic regurgitation alone, mitral regurgitation alone, and when they coexisted (COA with normal valves: 1.0617 J; COA with only aortic stenosis: 1.225 J; COA with only aortic regurgitation: 1.6512 J; COA with only mitral regurgitation: 1.3599 J; patient 1).

Conclusions
Not only the severity of COA, but also the presence and the severity of mixed valvular disease should be considered in the evaluation of risks in patients. The results suggest that more aggressive surgical approaches may be required, because regularly chosen current surgical techniques may not be optimal for such patients.
Decrees for the “Volunteers” of the People
Authors: Elliff Bryan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The Damascus Document’s Pesher of the Well (CD 6:2–11) has generally been treated as an isolated unit, either as an example of Qumran exegesis or as evidence for the history of the sect. The present study offers a fresh reading of this section that gives special attention to its rhetorical function within the document and its relationship to the document’s legal material in particular. It is argued that the pesher was intended to authorize the body of legal rulings found within the document by interpreting the two lines of Numbers 21:18 as an outline of two stages of the sect’s history. The pesher is built around two anchor-words in the lemma: ‮שרים‬‎ (“officials”), a reference to the sect’s founders who established an authoritative body of torah rulings, and ‮נדיבי העם‬‎, a reference to the sect’s later “volunteer initiates” who were to remain faithful to these rules throughout the Epoch of Wickedness.
Excavations at the Iron Age Village Site of Fibobe II, Central Zambia
Authors: Goldstein Steven T. , Farr Jeremy , Kayuni Martha , Katongo Maggie , Fernandes Ricardo , Janzen Anneke , Markham Brooke , Kay Andrea , Crowther Alison , Boivin Nicole 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The period from c. AD 900 to AD 1300 in southern Africa is characterized by transitions from small-scale Iron Age mixed economy communities to the beginnings of more intensive food production and eventually the emergence of complex polities. In Zambia, this coincides with the appearance of larger and more permanent agro-pastoralist villages that began participating in Indian Ocean trade networks. Unlike other parts of southern Africa where stone architecture became common, the predominance of wattle-and-daub type construction methods across Zambia have often impeded preservation of Iron Age activity areas. It has therefore been difficult to reconstruct how economic and land-use changes between the Early and Later Iron Ages impacted family and community relationships reflected in intra-site and intra-household spatial organization. Fibobe II, in the Mulungushi River Basin of Central Zambia, is a rare example of an Early-to-Mid Iron Age village site where these spatial patterns may be discernable due to preservation of activity spaces and vitrified remains of wattle-and-daub structures. This paper reports on new investigations following original testing of the site in 1979, confirming preservation of an Iron Age hut with distinct patterning of features, artifacts, and charcoal. These results reaffirm the unique nature of Fibobe II and indicate the potential for programs of household archaeology aimed at studying this important and understudied period in Zambian prehistory.
Patience, Suffering, and Tolerance: The Experience of Defeat and Exile among the Jesuits of Ethiopia (1632–59)
Authors: Cohen Leonardo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article explores the last letters written by the Catholic patriarch of Ethiopia in exile Afonso Mendes, which illustrate that, in the face of defeat, Mendes has chosen to write the history of martyrdom, the sacrifice, and shedding of blood for the sake of faith. A group requires a sense of connection through a temporary axis. Mendes’s choice in these last years corresponds to the will of generating cohesion in space and continuity in time in a group that has confronted rupture, disillusionment, and deterioration. Mendes might have attempted to establish a framework that would allow him to alleviate the tension caused by the clash between the original aspirations and the flawed fulfillment of the objective. Therefore, the redaction of the processes of martyrdom and the creation of a calendar allows the transition into a place where a harmonious relationship between the past and the present is generated.
Martyrs and Missionaries: Strategies of Jesuit Sainthood between the Suppression and the Restoration
Authors: Motta Franco , Rai Eleonora 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article explores the promotion of “Jesuit sanctity,” in the delicate passage between the suppression and the restoration of the Society of Jesus, as a reflection of the process of revival of the order. The strategies of sainthood that were fostered by the ex-Jesuits during the suppression and by the restored Society reveal fundamental information about the self-image that the order wanted to show to the world. These strategies emerge clearly from the activity of the General Postulation for the Causes of Saints of the new Society of Jesus, which in the nineteenth century focused in particular on two models of sanctity: martyrs and missionaries (and often martyred missionaries). Presenting important case studies of Francesco De Geronimo and Andrzej Bobola, this article investigates the reasons why the Society of Jesus promoted these typologies of sanctity in lieu of the trauma of the suppression, which emerges as “martyrdom” in Jesuit sources, and in the process of re-establishment of the order. It eventually explores how this “policy” of sainthood fits more broadly in the history of the Catholic Church in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.