bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interventions to improve linkage along the HIV-tuberculosis care cascades in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Salomon Angela , Law Stephanie , Johnson Cheryl , Baddeley Annabel , Rangaraj Ajay , Singh Satvinder , Daftary Amrita 
Published: May 2022

Introduction
In support of global targets to end HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis (TB) by 2030, we reviewed interventions aiming to improve TB case-detection and anti-TB treatment among people living with HIV (PLHIV) and HIV testing and antiretroviral treatment initiation among people with TB disease in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Methods
We conducted a systematic review of comparative (quasi-)experimental interventional studies published in Medline or EMBASE between January 2003-July 2021. We performed random-effects effect meta-analyses (DerSimonian and Laird method) for interventions that were homogenous (based on intervention descriptions); for others we narratively synthesized the intervention effect. Studies were assessed using ROBINS-I, Cochrane Risk-of-Bias, and GRADE. (PROSPERO #CRD42018109629).

Results
Of 21,516 retrieved studies, 23 were included, contributing 53 arms and 84,884 participants from 4 continents. Five interventions were analyzed: co-location of test and/or treatment services; patient education and counselling; dedicated personnel; peer support; and financial support. A majority were implemented in primary health facilities (n = 22) and reported on HIV outcomes in people with TB (n = 18). Service co-location had the most consistent positive effect on HIV testing and treatment initiation among people with TB, and TB case-detection among PLHIV. Other interventions were heterogenous, implemented concurrent with standard-of-care strategies and/or diverse facility-level improvements, and produced mixed effects. Operational system, human resource, and/or laboratory strengthening were common within successful interventions. Most studies had a moderate to serious risk of bias.

Conclusions
This review provides operational clarity on intervention models that can support early linkages between the TB and HIV care cascades. The findings have supported the World Health Organization 2020 HIV Service Delivery Guidelines update. Further research is needed to evaluate the distinct effect of education and counselling, financial support, and dedicated personnel interventions, and to explore the role of community-based, virtual, and differentiated service delivery models in addressing TB-HIV co-morbidity.
Predicting the target specialty of referral notes to estimate per-specialty wait times with machine learning
Authors: Abdalla Mohamed , Lu Hong , Pinzaru Bogdan , Rudzicz Frank , Jaakkimainen Liisa 
Published: May 2022

Background
Currently, in Canada, existing health administrative data and hospital-inputted portal systems are used to measure the wait times to receiving a procedure or therapy after a specialist visit. However, due to missing and inconsistent labelling, estimating the wait time prior to seeing a specialist physician requires costly manual coding to label primary care referral notes.

Methods
In this work, we represent the notes using word-count vectors and develop a logistic regression machine learning model to automatically label the target specialist physician from a primary care referral note. These labels are not available in the administrative system. We also study the effects of note length (measured in number of tokens) and dataset size (measured in number of notes per target specialty) on model performance to help other researchers determine if such an approach may be feasible for them. We then calculate the wait time by linking the specialist type from a primary care referral to a full consultation visit held in Ontario, Canada health administrative data.

Results
For many target specialties, we can reliably (F1Score ≥ 0.70) predict the target specialist type. Doing so enables the automated measurement of wait time from family physician referral to specialist physician visit. Of the six specialties with wait times estimated using both 2008 and 2015 data, two had a substantial increase (defined as a change such that the original value lay outside the 95% confidence interval) in both median and 75th percentile wait times, one had a substantial decrease in both median and 75th percentile wait times, and three has non-substantial increases.

Conclusions
Automating these wait time measurements, which had previously been too time consuming and costly to evaluate at a population level, can be useful for health policy researchers studying the effects of policy decisions on patient access to care.
Addition of digital VIA/VILI to conventional naked-eye examination for triage of HPV-positive women: A study conducted in a low-resource setting
Authors: Dufeil Eva , Kenfack Bruno , Tincho Evelyn , Fouogue Jovanny , Wisniak Ania , Sormani Jessica , Vassilakos Pierre , Petignat Patrick 
Published: May 2022

Background
World Health Organization guidelines for cervical cancer screening recommend HPV testing followed by visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) for triage if HPV positive. In order to improve visual assessment and identification of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 and worse (CIN2+), providers may use visual aids such as digital cameras.

Objectives
To determine whether combined examination by naked-eye and digital VIA (D-VIA) and VILI (D-VILI) improves detection of CIN2+ as compared to the conventional evaluation.

Materials and methods
Women (30–49 years) living in Dschang (West Cameroon) were prospectively invited to a cervical cancer screening campaign. Primary HPV-based screening was followed by VIA/VILI and D-VIA/VILI if HPV-positive. Health care providers independently defined diagnosis (pathological or non-pathological) based on naked-eye VIA/VILI and D-VIA/VILI. Decision to treat was based on combined examination (VIA/VILI and D-VIA/VILI). Cervical biopsy and endocervical curettage were performed in all HPV-positive participants and considered as reference standard. Diagnostic performance of individual and combined naked-eye VIA/VILI and D-VIA/VILI was evaluated. A sample size of 1,500 women was calculated assuming a prevalence of 20% HPV positivity and 10% CIN2+ in HPV-positive women.

Results
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the study had to terminate prematurely. A total of 1,081 women with a median age of 40 (IQR 35.5–45) were recruited. HPV positivity was 17.4% (n = 188) and 26 (14.4%) had CIN2+. Naked-eye VIA and D-VIA sensitivities were 80.8% (95% CI 60.6–93.4) and 92.0% (95% CI 74.0–99.0), and specificities were 31.2% (95% CI 24–39.1) and 31.6% (95% CI 24.4–39.6), respectively. The combination of both methods yielded a sensitivity of 92.3% (95% CI 74.9–99.1) and specificity of 23.2% (95% CI 16.8–30.7). A trend towards improved sensitivity was observed, but did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusion
Addition of D-VIA/VILI to conventional naked-eye examination may be associated with improved CIN2+ identification. Further studies including a larger sample size are needed to confirm these results.
Obstetric shift-to-shift handover in Kerala, India: A cross-sectional mixed method study
Authors: Pilcher Lucy , Kurian Merina , MacArthur Christine , Singh Sanjeev , Manaseki-Holland Semira 
Published: May 2022

Introduction
Beyond the provision of services, quality of care and patient safety measures such as optimal clinical handover at shift changes determine maternity outcomes. We aimed to establish the proportion of women handed over and the content of clinical handovers and communication between shifts within 3 diverse obstetrics units in Kerala, India, and to describe the handover environment.

Methods
A cross sectional study was conducted for six weeks during February and March 2015at three hospitals in Kerala, India, during nurses obstetric handover in one tertiary private, one tertiary government and one secondary government hospital. Nursing handovers in obstetric post-operative, in-patient and labour wards were sampled. An SBAR-based (situation, background, assessment and recommendation) data schedule was completed whilst observing handover at nursing shift changes. Since obstetricians had no scheduled handover, qualitative interviews were conducted with obstetricians in two hospitals to establish how they acquire information when beginning a shift.

Results
Data was obtained on 258 patients handed over, within 67 shift changes. The median percentage of women handed over was 100% in two of the hospitals and 27.6% in the other. The median number of information items included out of a possible 25 was 11, 5 and 4,and did not change significantly for women with high-risk status. Important items regarding assessment and recommendation for care were often missed, including high-risk status. The median number of environment items achieved was good at 7 out of 10 in all hospitals. Obstetricians sought information in various ways when required. All supported the development of structured tools, face-to-face and team handovers.

Conclusions
Maternity unit handovers for doctors and nurses were inadequate. Ensuring handover of all women and including critical information, between shifts as well as between doctors, needs to be improved to increase patient safety.
Composite measures of quality of health care: Evidence mapping of methodology and reporting
Authors: Kara Pinar , Valentin Jan Brink , Mainz Jan , Johnsen Søren Paaske 
Published: May 2022

Background
Quality indicators are used to quantify the quality of care. A large number of quality indicators makes assessment of overall quality difficult, time consuming and impractical. There is consequently an increasing interest for composite measures based on a combination of multiple indicators.

Objective
To examine the use of different approaches to construct composite measures of quality of care and to assess the use of methodological considerations and justifications.

Methods
We conducted a literature search on PubMed and EMBASE databases (latest update 1 December 2020). For each publication, we extracted information on the weighting and aggregation methodology that had been used to construct composite indicator(s).

Results
A total of 2711 publications were identified of which 145 were included after a screening process. Opportunity scoring with equal weights was the most used approach (86/145, 59%) followed by all-or-none scoring (48/145, 33%). Other approaches regarding aggregation or weighting of individual indicators were used in 32 publications (22%). The rationale for selecting a specific type of composite measure was reported in 36 publications (25%), whereas 22 papers (15%) addressed limitations regarding the composite measure.

Conclusion
Opportunity scoring and all-or-none scoring are the most frequently used approaches when constructing composite measures of quality of care. The attention towards the rationale and limitations of the composite measures appears low.

Discussion
Considering the widespread use and the potential implications for decision-making of composite measures, a high level of transparency regarding the construction process of the composite and the functionality of the measures is crucial.
The effects of vocal exertion on lung volume measurements and acoustics in speakers reporting high and low vocal fatigue
Authors: Fujiki Robert Brinton , Huber Jessica E. , Sivasankar M. Preeti 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
Vocal exertion is common and often results in reduced respiratory and laryngeal efficiency. It is unknown, however, whether the respiratory kinematic and acoustic adjustments employed during vocal exertion differ between speakers reporting vocal fatigue and those who do not. This study compared respiratory kinematics and acoustic measures in individuals reporting low and high levels of vocal fatigue during a vocal exertion task.

Methods
Individuals reporting low (N = 20) and high (N = 10) vocal fatigue participated in a repeated measures design study over 2 days. On each day, participants completed a 10-minute vocal exertion task consisting of repeated, loud vowel productions at elevated F0 sustained for maximum phonation time. Respiratory kinematic and acoustic measures were analyzed on the 1st vowel production (T0), and the vowels produced 2 minutes (T2), 5 minutes (T5), 7 minutes (T7), and 10 minutes (T10) into the vocal exertion task. Vowel durations were also measured at each time point.

Results
No differences in respiratory kinematics were observed between low and high vocal fatigue groups at T0. As the vocal exertion task progressed (T2-T10), individuals reporting high vocal fatigue initiated phonation at lower lung volumes while individuals with low vocal fatigue initiated phonation at higher lung volumes. As the exertion task progressed, total lung volume excursion decreased in both groups. Differences in acoustic measures were observed, as individuals reporting high vocal fatigue produced softer, shorter vowels from T0 through T10.

Conclusions
Individuals reporting high vocal fatigue employed less efficient respiratory strategies during periods of increased vocal demand when compared with individuals reporting low vocal fatigue. Individuals reporting high vocal fatigue had shorter maximum phonation time on loud vowels. Further study should examine the potential screening value of loud maximum phonation time, as well as the clinical implications of the observed respiratory patterns for managing vocal fatigue.
Entre terrain de stage et stage de terrain
Authors: Derbez Benjamin , Havard Duclos Bénédicte , Cozian Anne-Laure 
Published: May 2022

Dans le domaine de la santé, l’enseignement de l’enquête de terrain à des étudiant·e·s de formations médicales et paramédicales se développe. S’adressant à des étudiant·e·s non spécialistes qui disposent d’une forme d’expertise pratique des contextes sanitaires, ces enseignements confrontent les sociologues qui les assurent à des problématiques pédagogiques nouvelles qu’il s’agit d’analyser dans cet article. À partir d’une expérience d’initiation à la recherche à destination d’un groupe d’étudiantes en soins infirmiers, nous revenons de manière réflexive sur le travail d’hybridation effectué pour articuler l’approche protocolisée de la recherche à visée pragmatique, dominante dans les formations en santé, avec la souplesse méthodologique inhérente à l’enquête de terrain en sciences sociales. Ces ajustements méthodologiques, nécessaires pour surmonter les malentendus survenus tout au long de l’enseignement entre des participants aux perspectives épistémologiques en tension, permettent de mettre en lumière le fait que la transmission du « goût de l’enquête » constitue l’enjeu majeur de ce type d’enseignement.
A Tale of Three Countries: The Impact of Covid-19 on Apparel Exports from Bangladesh, China, and Vietnam to the United States
Authors: Islam Sadequl 
Published: May 2022

This paper examines the effects of Covid-19 on apparel exports from Bangladesh, China
and Vietnam to the United States. The paper uses monthly data on knitted and non-knitted
apparel goods at disaggregate levels from January 2020 to April 2021.The findings
show that Covid-19 adversely affected exports of apparel goods from these countries to the
US especially during the March 2020-May 2020 period. It is evident that the performance of
Vietnam in apparel exports has been better compared to China and Bangladesh.
Using Geolocator Data to Address Changes in Migration Patterns for Black Turnstone
Authors: Taylor Audrey , Bishop Mary Anne , Schaefer Anne , Porter Ron , Sowl Kristine 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBlack Turnstone is an obligate Pacific coast shorebird that is included as a “Species of High Concern” in both the U.S. and Alaska Shorebird Conservation Plans. Specific migration routes for this species are not well understood, which makes its recent disappearance at a major spring stopover site, northern Montague Island in Prince William Sound, Alaska, difficult to interpret. We tracked 23 Black Turnstones between breeding and wintering areas and examined migration timing, duration, and routes used. We identified two high-use regions during migration: 1) Cook Inlet/Shelikof Strait, Alaska, and 2) the Haida Gwaii Archipelago in British Columbia/Alexander Archipelago in southeastern Alaska. This second region was also an important wintering area. We found that northbound migration was longer than southbound (the reverse of what is often observed in shorebirds) and that staging behavior was primarily seen during northbound migration. No birds were tracked to northern Montague Island, and only a few individuals stopped anywhere in Prince William Sound. Alterations in patterns of spring herring spawn in Prince William Sound may be affecting the routes and stopovers used by Black Turnstones, and birds may be wintering farther north in recent decades due to warmer winter conditions. Additionally, the increasing availability and popularity of citizen science efforts like eBird has created a mechanism for disseminating observations from less accessible parts of the Black Turnstone range, a fact which may confound our understanding of whether migration routes for this species have changed over the last 30 years.
Associations Between Parenting Stress and Children’s Academic Engagement When Schools Were Closed During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Risk and Protective Factors
Authors: von Suchodoletz Antje , Fullmer Susanna , Larsen Ross A. A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The present study investigated associations between parenting stress and children’s academic engagement when schools were closed in spring/ early summer 2020. We investigated four dimensions of children’s academic engagement, i.e., behavioral, cognitive, emotional, and agentic. Participants of this online survey study were 78 families (75 mothers and 54 fathers), recruited in the United States from advertisements on Facebook in May 2020. Children were, on average, 11.05 years old (SD=3.73). Out of the total sample, 46 parents also consented for their child to participate in the study. Contrary to our expectations, we did not find evidence for direct associations between parenting stress and children’s academic engagement. However, our findings suggest that the associations between parenting stress and children’s academic engagement is moderated by children’s interest in at-home learning activities and the length of homeschooling. Recommendations for future research on the effects of the pandemic on children’s learning are discussed.
Referral for re-submission: Scholarly Expectations of EFL Applied Linguistics Doctoral Defense Sessions
Authors: Jalilifar Alireza , Mayahi Nadia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In a challenging criticism-generating oral defense of a doctoral program, examiners evaluate the PhD dissertation so as to confirm its scholarly merit. The main purpose of this ethnographic study was identifying the examiners’ expectations of the viva which was achieved by using a content analytic approach for analyzing the disputation section of two applied linguistics doctoral defense sessions from two accredited Iranian universities in 2019. Despite the similar shortcomings in terms of innovation, development, sampling and treatment, raised by the examiners, one of the candidates passed with distinction while the other was suggested re-submission. This finding suggests that the outcome of a viva, in an EFL context, not only depends on adherence to the conventions of doctoral research but is also influenced by the strictness of the examiners, the candidates’ language proficiency, and negotiation skills in this confrontational communicative event. Findings provide evidence for factors, namely the examiners’ attributes, the doctoral candidate’s attributes, and the dissertation attributes that determine the success or failure of PhD candidates in displaying their claims of scholarship during their defense sessions.
Ovarian tissue cryopreservation in Malaysia: a case series
Authors: Mat Jin Norazilah , Ahmad Siti Maisarah , Mohd Faizal Ahmad , Abdul Karim Abdul Kadir bin , Abu Muhammad Azrai 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
We aim to discuss the hematological cancer cases that opted for ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) as fertility preservation before the gonadotoxic chemotherapy agent.

Case presentation
The ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) was started in August 2020 in our center. Up to now, there were four cases have been performed and included in this report. The ovarian tissue cortex was cryopreserved with cryoprotectant using Kitazato™ (Tokyo, Japan) media and fit in the closed system devices. A total of four post-OTC patients were included. The mean age was 24 years old, whereas the mean serum AMH level was 30.43 pmol/L. Most of them were diagnosed with lymphoma, except one was leukemia. All of them received additional GnRH analog following OTC as a chemoprotective agent before cancer treatment. Currently, they are recovering well and on regular follow-up with the hematological department.

Conclusions
Although The OTC is an ultimate option for prepubertal girls, it can be proposed as a good strategy for adult cancer women who could not delay cancer therapy.
Data-driven concurrent nanostructure optimization based on conditional generative adversarial networks
Authors: Baucour Arthur , Kim Myungjoon , Shin Jonghwa 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Iterative numerical optimization is a ubiquitous tool to design optical nanostructures. However, there can be a significant performance gap between the numerically simulated results, with pristine shapes, and the experimentally measured values, with deformed profiles. We introduce conditional generative adversarial networks (CGAN) into the standard iterative optimization loop to learn process-structure relationships and produce realistic simulation designs based on the fabrication conditions. This ensures that the process-structure mapping is accurate for the specific available equipment and moves the optimization space from the structural parameters (e.g. width, height, and period) to process parameters (e.g. deposition rate and annealing time). We demonstrate this model agnostic optimization platform on the design of a red, green, and blue color filter based on metallic gratings. The generative network can learn complex M-to-N nonlinear process-structure relations, thereby generating simulation profiles similar to the training data over a wide range of fabrication conditions. The CGAN-based optimization resulted in fabrication parameters leading to a realistic design with a higher figure of merit than a standard optimization using pristine structures. This data-driven approach can expedite the design process both by limiting the design search space to a fabrication-accurate subspace and by returning the optimal process parameters automatically upon obtaining the optimal structure design.
Nietzsche and Literature
Authors: Johnson Dirk R. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Nietzsche’s relationship to the literary output of his time and his later influence on it is the theme unifying the two anthologies and the monograph under review. While Nietzsche’s stature among philosophers is now secure and uncontested, his philosophical reception in the early years was delayed and overshadowed by his literary reception: enthusiastically endorsed by writers, he was disparaged as a Dichterphilosoph by academic philosophers. But by aligning Nietzsche with positions in contemporary philosophy, commentators now underappreciate Nietzsche’s literary style(s) and his desire to be seen as one of the great literary stylists and innovators. These studies redress that imbalance. They raise the larger question of what constitutes philosophy and suggest that his philosophizing breaches the divide that some place between the disciplines of philosophy and literature, particularly in an era of great academic specialization. Their goal is to show the importance of literature for Nietzsche, both in his capacity as a reader and as an author, and they approach this question from an interdisciplinary angle, combining aspects of literary science and philosophical history.