bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome after surgical stabilization of symptomatic rib fracture nonunion: a multicenter retrospective case series
Authors: Van Wijck Suzanne F. M. , Van Lieshout Esther M. M. , Prins Jonne T. H. , Verhofstad Michael H. J. , Van Huijstee Pieter J. , Vermeulen Jefrey , Wijffels Mathieu M. E. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to determine the long-term level of pain after surgical treatment of one or more symptomatic rib fracture nonunions. Secondary aims were to evaluate the occurrence of adverse events, satisfaction, and activity resumption. The final aim was to assess the association between pain and the presence of bridging callus at the nonunified fracture. Hypothesized was that thoracic pain would diminish after surgery.

Methods
This retrospective case series included adults who underwent surgery for a symptomatic rib fracture nonunion from three hospitals. Symptomatic nonunion was defined as persistent pain associated with nonbridging callus of ≥1 rib fractures on a chest CT scan at ≥3 months after the initial injury. Patients completed questionnaires about pain, satisfaction, and activity resumption ≥3 months postoperatively.

Results
Thirty-six patients (26 men, 10 women), with a median age of 55 (P25–P75 49–62) years and 169 acute rib fractures were included. Nonunion occurred in 98 (58%) fractures of which 70 (71%) were treated surgically. After a median of 11 months (P25–P75 7–21), 13 (36%) patients reported severe pain, in contrast to 26 (72%) preoperatively. Patients who underwent intercostal neurectomy or neurolysis in addition to surgical stabilization less often reported pain reduction. Twenty-six (72%) had postoperative complications, for which 12 (33%) underwent additional surgery, mostly for persistent pain. The majority (n = 27; 75%) was satisfied with their functional recovery. Of patients who had paid work pre-trauma, 65% had resumed working.

Conclusion
Most patients reported less pain and better daily functioning after surgical stabilization of symptomatic rib fracture nonunions, although causality cannot be proven with this retrospective case series. Additional intercostal nerve treatment was not associated with pain relief. Despite surgery-related complications being common, patient satisfaction was high.
Level of evidence: Level V.
Study type: Therapeutic.
Overlap laser welding of 5052-H36 aluminum alloy: experimental investigation of process parameters and mechanical designs
Authors: Idriss Mohamad , Mirakhorli Fatemeh , Desrochers Alain , Maslouhi Ahmed 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this study, the laser welding process is used to join 1.6-mm-thick AA5052-H36 sheets in an overlap joint configuration. Both pulse and oscillation laser beam welding were investigated for the first laser pass. Oscillation beam laser welding in continuous-wave mode show more stable and sound weld with no porosity defects compare to pulse wave (PW) mode. The adopted welding power, speed, frequency, and defocus are 8 kW, 6.5 m/min, 150 Hz, and + 8 mm, respectively. The obtained stitch welds are defects free (blowholes, micro-cracks, or porosities). A circular oscillation ramp-up/ramp-down PW mode is adopted for a second laser surface re-melting (LSR) pass. The corresponding welding power, speed, frequency, and defocus are 5 kW, 2.5 m/min, 500 Hz, and + 15 mm, respectively. Shear tests are then performed to evaluate the mechanical properties of single lap joints (SLJ) for different stitch weld shapes, 2 gap tolerances (0 and 0.5 mm), as well as with/without LSR pass. The best tests’ reproducibility and highest dissipated energies (~ + 42% when compared to the perpendicular direction) are obtained when the stitch weld direction corresponds to the loading direction. The second LSR pass provides more aesthetic joints with higher shear resistance (~ + 1% to + 3%) due to a decrease in the weld surface underfill and undercut imperfections of the stitch weld. The part-to-part gap leads to higher shear resistance (~ + 20%) owing to 2 main reasons: larger welding surfaces at the joint interface and higher hardness of the fusion zone. These findings are of great value for including laser welding technology in the automotive and surface transportation industries.Graphic abstract
The gender pay gap in university student employment
Authors: Boll Paul David , Mergele Lukas , Zierow Larissa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGender pay gaps are commonly studied in populations with already completed educational careers. We focus on an earlier stage by investigating the gender pay gap among university students working alongside their studies. With data from five cohorts of a large-scale student survey from Germany, we use regression and wage decomposition techniques to describe gender pay gaps and potential explanations. We find that female students earn about 6% less on average than male students, which reduces to 4.1% when accounting for a rich set of explanatory variables. The largest explanatory factor is the type of jobs male and female students pursue.
Proteomic profiling of cisplatin-resistant and cisplatin-sensitive germ cell tumour cell lines using quantitative mass spectrometry
Authors: Fichtner A. , Bohnenberger H. , Elakad O. , Richter A. , Lenz C. , Oing C. , Ströbel P. , Kueffer S. , Nettersheim D. , Bremmer F. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Advanced testicular germ cell tumours (GCT) generally have a good prognosis owing to their unique sensitivity towards cisplatin-based chemotherapies. However, cisplatin-resistant GCT have a poor outcome. Further studies are mandatory to better understand resistance mechanisms and develop therapeutic strategies for refractory GCTs.

Methods
Protein levels in cisplatin-resistant GCT cell lines of NTERA-2, NCCIT and 2102EP were analyzed by quantitative proteomic mass spectrometry (MS) in combination with stable isotope labelling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC). Differentially abundant protein markers of acquired cisplatin resistance were validated by Western blotting. Comprehensive bioinformatical annotation using gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA) and STRING interaction analysis were performed to identify commonly affected pathways in cisplatin resistance and the data were compared to the GCT cohort of the ‘The Cancer Genome Atlas’.

Results
A total of 4375 proteins were quantified by MS, 144 of which were found to be differentially abundant between isogenic resistant and sensitive cell line pairs (24 proteins for NTERA-2, 60 proteins for NCCIT, 75 proteins for 2102EP). Western blotting confirmed regulation of key resistance-associated proteins (CBS, ANXA1, LDHA, CTH, FDXR). GSEA revealed a statistically significant enrichment of DNA repair-associated proteins in all three resistant cell lines and specific additional processes for individual cell lines.

Conclusion
High resolution MS combined with SILAC is a powerful tool and 144 significantly deregulated proteins were found in cisplatin-resistant GCT cell lines. Our study provides the largest proteomic in vitro library for cisplatin resistance in GCT, yet, enabling further studies to develop new treatment options for patients with refractory GCT.
Pre-diagnosis urine exosomal RNA (ExoDx EPI score) is associated with post-prostatectomy pathology outcome
Authors: Kretschmer Alexander , Tutrone Ronald , Alter Jason , Berg Elena , Fischer Christian , Kumar Sonia , Torkler Phillipp , Tadigotla Vasisht , Donovan Michael , Sant Grannum , Skog Johan , Noerholm Mikkel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
ExoDx Prostate IntelliScore (EPI) is a non-invasive urine exosome RNA-based test for risk assessment of high-grade prostate cancer. We evaluated the association of pre-biopsy test results with post-radical prostatectomy (RP) outcomes to understand the potential utility of EPI to inform invasive treatment vs active surveillance (AS) decisions.

Methods
Urine samples were collected from 2066 men scheduled for initial biopsy with PSA between 2 and 10 ng/mL, no history of prostate cancer, and ≥ 50 years across multiple clinical studies. 310 men proceeded to RP, of which 111 patients had Gleason group grade 1 (GG1) at biopsy and would have been potential candidates for AS. We compared pre-biopsy urine scores with ERSPC and PCPT multivariate risk calculator scores for men with GG1 at biopsy to post-RP pathology.

Results
Urine EPI scores were significantly lower in men with GG1 at biopsy than in men with > GG1 (p = 0.04), while there were no differences in multivariate risk scores used in standard clinical practice (p > 0.05). Further, EPI scores were significantly lower in men with GG1 at biopsy who remained GG1 post-RP compared to men upgraded to ≥ GG3 post-RP (p < 0.001). In contrast, none of the multiparametric risk calculators showed significant differences (p > 0.05). Men with GG1 at biopsy and EPI score < 15.6 had zero rate of upgrading to ≥ GG3 post-RP compared to 16.0% for EPI scores ≥ 15.6.

Conclusions
The EPI urine biomarker outperformed the multivariate risk calculators in a homogenous risk group of pre-biopsy men. The EPI score was associated with low-risk pathology post-RP, with potential implications on informing AS decisions.

Trial registration
NCT02702856, NCT03031418, NCT03235687, NCT04720599.
A dose–neutral image quality comparison of different CBCT and CT systems using paranasal sinus imaging protocols and phantoms
Authors: Ronkainen Ari-Petteri , Al-Gburi Ali , Liimatainen Timo , Matikka Hanna 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To compare the image quality produced by equivalent low-dose and default sinus imaging protocols of a conventional dental cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanner, an extremity CBCT scanner and a clinical multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scanner.

Methods
Three different phantoms were scanned using dose–neutral ultra-low-dose and low-dose sinus imaging protocols, as well as default sinus protocols of each device. Quantified parameters of image quality included modulation transfer function (MTF) to characterize the spatial response of the imaging system, contrast-to-noise ratio, low contrast visibility, image uniformity and Hounsfield unit accuracy. MTF was calculated using the line spread and edge spread functions (LSF and ESF).

Results
The dental CBCT had superior performance over the extremity CBCT in each studied parameter at similar dose levels. The MDCT had better contrast-to-noise ratio, low contrast visibility and image uniformity than the CBCT scanners. However, the CBCT scanners had better resolution compared to the MDCT. Accuracy of HU values for different materials was on the same level between the dental CBCT and MDCT, but substantially poorer performance was observed with the extremity CBCT.

Conclusions
The studied dental CBCT scanner showed superior performance over the studied extremity CBCT scanner when using dose–neutral imaging protocols. In case a dental CBCT is not available, the given extremity CBCT is still a viable option as it provides the benefit of high resolution over a conventional MDCT.
The global Gan-Gross-Prasad conjecture for unitary groups: the endoscopic case
Authors: Beuzart-Plessis Raphaël , Chaudouard Pierre-Henri , Zydor Michał 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we prove the Gan-Gross-Prasad conjecture and the Ichino-Ikeda conjecture for unitary groups $U_{n}\times U_{n+1}$

U
n

×

U

n
+
1

in all the endoscopic cases. Our main technical innovation is the computation of the contributions of certain cuspidal data, called ∗-regular, to the Jacquet-Rallis trace formula for linear groups. We offer two different computations of these contributions: one, based on truncation, is expressed in terms of regularized Rankin-Selberg periods of Eisenstein series and Flicker-Rallis intertwining periods introduced by Jacquet-Lapid-Rogawski. The other, built upon Zeta integrals, is expressed in terms of functionals on the Whittaker model. A direct proof of the equality between the two expressions is also given. Finally several useful auxiliary results about the spectral expansion of the Jacquet-Rallis trace formula are provided.
Kalman filter approach to real options with active learning
Authors: Sund Sebastian , Sendstad Lars H. , Thijssen Jacco J. J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTechnological innovations often create new markets and this gives incentives to learn about their associated profitabilities. However, this decision depends not only on the underlying uncertain profitability, but also on attitudes towards risk. We develop a decision-support tool that accounts for the impact of learning for a potentially risk-averse decision maker. The Kalman filter is applied to derive a time-varying estimate of the process, and the option is valued as dependent on this estimation. We focus on linear stochastic processes with normally distributed noise. Through a numerical example, we find that the marginal benefit of learning decreases rapidly over time, and that the majority of investment times occur early in the option holding period, after the holder has realized the main benefits of learning, and that risk aversion leads to earlier adoption. We find that risk-aversion reduces the value of learning and thus reduces the additional value of waiting and observing noisy signals through time.
Surface deformation-dependent mechanical properties of bending nanowires: an ab initio core-shell model
Authors: Xiao Ye , Shang J. , Kou L. Z. , Li Chun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAn ab initio core-shell model is proposed to evaluate the surface effect in bending nanowires, in which the elastic modulus depends on the surface relaxation and deformation induced by external loading. By using first-principles calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT), the surface and bulk properties are calculated for Ag, Pb, and Si nanowires. The obtained theoretical predictions of the effective Young’s modulus of nanowires agree well with the experimental data, which shows that the fixed-fixed nanowire is stiffened and the cantilevered nanowire is softened as the characteristic size of the cross section decreases. Furthermore, the contrastive analysis on the two kinds of nanowires demonstrates that increasing the nanowire aspect ratio would enhance the surface effect. The present results could be helpful for understanding the size effect in nanowires and designing nanobeam-based devices in nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMSs).
Making the most of comparable corpora in Neural Machine Translation: a case study
Authors: Gete Harritxu , Etchegoyhen Thierry 
Published: January 2022

AbstractComparable corpora can benefit the development of Neural Machine Translation models, in particular for under-resourced languages. We present a case study centred on the exploitation of a large comparable corpus for Basque-Spanish, created from independently-produced news by the Basque public broadcastereitb, where we evaluate the impact of different techniques to exploit the original data, in order to complement parallel datasets for this language pair in both translation directions. Two efficient methods for parallel sentence mining are explored, which identified a common core of approximately half of the total number of aligned sentences, each one uniquely identifying valid parallel sentences not captured by the other method. Filtering the data via identification of length-difference outliers proved highly effective to improve the models, as was the use of tags to discriminate between comparable and parallel data in the training corpora. The use of backtranslated data is also evaluated in this work, with results indicating that alignment-based datasets remain the most beneficial, although complementary backtranslations should also be included to fully exploit the available comparable data. Overall, the results in this work demonstrate that this type of data needs to be carefully analysed prior to its use as training data for Neural Machine Translation, since issues such as information imbalance between source and target data can lead to unoptimal results for a given translation pair.
Strategies for the synthesis of canonical, non-canonical and analogues of strigolactones, and evaluation of their parasitic weed germination activity
Authors: Zorrilla Jesús G. , Rial Carlos , Varela Rosa M. , Molinillo José M. G. , Macías Francisco A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractStrigolactones (SLs) are natural products with promising applications as agrochemicals to prevent infestation with parasitic weeds due to their ability to trigger seed germination. However, their use is still limited because of the low yields in which they are isolated from natural sources. As such, numerous studies have led to strategies for obtaining them, and various structural analogues, by organic synthesis. These analogues have focused attention on the study of SLs, as some of them are easier to synthesize and possess enhanced properties, such as the level of bioactivity. This review provides an overview of the synthesis of SLs, subsequently focusing on the production of analogues with the canonical structure. The germinating activity of the compounds is also described herein, with positive effects on different species of the problematic genera Striga, Orobanche and Phelipanche having been found. The highly active analogue GR24 is currently the most widely studied in the literature, and relevant structural-activity relationships have been proposed as a result of the study of derivatives functionalized in different positions. Analogues based on other natural SLs such as strigol and orobanchol have also been developed, as have some novel canonical SLs derived from eudesmanolide or guaianolide sesquiterpene lactones. This review aims to provide useful information for the development of bioactive compounds applicable in new generation herbicides, in an attempt to employ similar compounds to those produced naturally in ecosystems that provoke effective herbicide effects at low concentrations.
Pain, Function, and Satisfaction After Total Knee Arthroplasty, with or Without Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Ighani Arani Perna , Wretenberg Per , Ottosson Johan , W-Dahl Annette 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

The impact of obesity on patient-reported outcome (PRO) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery has demonstrated varying results. We evaluated knee pain, Activity in Daily Life function (ADL), and satisfaction after TKA surgery in patients with and without prior bariatric surgery (BS).

Methods
Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry (SOReg) and the Swedish Knee Arthroplasty Register (SKAR) were used to identify patients operated on with primary TKA for osteoarthritis (OA) between 2009 and 2019 that had a BS within 2 years before the TKA (BS group). These patients were compared to patients with TKA without prior BS (no BS group). The patients filled in the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) preoperatively and one year postoperatively as well as satisfaction with the surgery one year postoperatively. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate 1-year postoperative KOOS pain and ADL function between the 2 groups. Adjustments were made for sex, age, and preoperative KOOS pain and ADL function respectively.

Results
Forty-four patients were included in the BS group and 3,525 patients in the no BS group. We found no statistically or clinically significant difference in one-year postoperative KOOS pain and ADL function between the BS group and the no BS group. The majority of the patients in both groups were classified as satisfied or very satisfied one year postoperatively to the TKA.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that patients without BS prior to the TKA gain similar 1-year outcome in pain, ADL function and satisfaction as patients with prior BS.

Graphical abstract
Interference by Modern Smartphones and Accessories with Cardiac Pacemakers and Defibrillators
Authors: Nadeem Fahd , Tran Cao Thach , Torbey Estelle , Philbin Daniel , Morales Carlos , Wu Michael 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The risk of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) interference from cell phones was previously thought to be low based on older studies. Current generation of smartphones have incorporated more magnets for optimization of wireless charging, attachment of accessories, and convenience functionalities. These magnets have the potential to cause CIEDs to inadvertently revert into magnet mode. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent findings on smartphones and their accessories causing interference on CIEDs.

Recent Findings
Recent reports have demonstrated that the iPhone 12 series and accessories have the capability to cause CIED magnetic interference.

Summary
Current generation of smartphones, smartwatches, wireless headphones, and accessories have the potential to cause CIEDs to revert into magnet mode in both in vivo and ex vivo experiments. The risk of a clinically significant event is unlikely as long as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommendations are followed; keeping smartphones and accessories at least six inches away from CIEDs.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Extracellular Vesicles with Distinct Properties in Autoimmune Encephalitis and Herpes Simplex Encephalitis
Authors: Li Yongang , Gu Jiachen , Mao Youbing , Wang Xijia , Li Zongshan , Xu Xiaomin , Chen Huimin , Gui Yaxing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEncephalitis mediated by autoantibodies against neuronal antigens and herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) are seemingly separate causes of encephalopathy in adults. Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is autoimmune in origin, and herpes simplex encephalitis is infectious. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) exosomes from patients with antibody-positive AE and HSE. Towards this, exosomes were isolated from CSF from 13 patients with anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, 11 patients with anti-gamma-aminobutyric acid-B (GABAB) receptor encephalitis, 9 patients with anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) encephalitis, and 8 patients with anti-contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2) encephalitis, and 12 control individuals negative of antibodies against neuronal autoantigens. There were ten miRNAs highly expressed in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis compared to those in control subjects. Eight miRNAs were found to be lower expressed in anti-NMDAR encephalitis CSF-derived exosomes. Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways enriched by AE differential expressed exosomic miRNAs demonstrated that AE-related exosomic miRNAs may participate as a feedback regulation in cancer development. In addition, the exosome concentration in CSF of 9 HSE patients was significantly higher compared to those from 9 HSV( −) patients. This observation was consistent with the results that exosome concentration was found to be higher in the animal model which was inoculated intranasally with HSV-1 compared to controls. Furthermore, western blot demonstrated that the subunits of NMDAR, GABABR, and AMPAR were detected highly expressed in exosomes derived from sera of HSV-1-treated animal model compared to controls. More importantly, exosomes isolated from CSF of HSE patients contained higher expression levels of two miRNAs encoded by HSV, miR-H2-3p, and miR-H4-3p compared to those from HSV( −) patients. In summary, HSV may trigger brain autoimmunity in HSE by presentation of surface autoantigens via exosomes.