bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
C(sp3)–F Bond Transformation of Perfluoroalkyl Compounds Mediated by Visible-Light Photocatalysis: Spin-Center Shifts and Radical/Polar Crossover Processes via Anionic Intermediates
Authors: Nishimoto Yoshihiro , Yasuda Makoto , Sugihara Naoki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDue to its large bond energy, precisely controllable C–F bond activation is a significant challenge in organic synthesis. A single C(sp3)–F bond transformation of perfluoroalkyl groups is particularly desirable to supply functionalized perfluoroalkyl compounds offering properties that are potentially useful in pharmaceutical and materials chemistry. Recently, the single defluorinative transformation of perfluoroalkyl compounds has been developed via visible-light photocatalysis. Herein, we summarize this field via two main topics. Topic 1 covers the transformations of C(sp3)–F bonds in either perfluoroalkylarenes or perfluoroalkane carbonyl compounds via a defluorinative spin-center shift in the radical anion intermediates. Topic 2 addresses the defluorinative transformations of α-trifluoromethyl alkenes to give gem-difluoroalkenes via a radical/polar crossover process.1	Introduction2	C(sp3)–F Transformations via Defluorinative Spin-Center Shifts3	C(sp3)–F Transformations via a Radical/Polar Crossover Process4	Conclusions
Historical Aspects and Surgical Nuances on the Craniocervical Approach to the Jugular Foramen
Authors: Constanzo Felipe , Nogueira Gustavo Fabiano , Coelho Neto Mauricio , Ramina Ricardo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Context Tumors of the jugular foramen present a challenge to skull base surgeons. Their rarity, coupled with the complex anatomy of the region require exquisite knowledge and surgical technique. We present the history of the craniocervical approach to the jugular foramen, as well as surgical advice on how to manage the different extensions these tumors may present. The surgical nuances come from the experience of our skull base team managing over 150 tumors of the jugular foramen over the past 30 years. The history of the craniocervical approach was obtained by reviewing articles on surgery of the jugular foramen published on PUBMED over the past 100 years.
History The first craniocervical approach may be attributed to Gardner et al. in 1891, with posterior contributions from Shapiro and Neues, Gejrot, Kempe et al, Hilding and Greenberg, and Glasscock.
Nuances Cervical dissection with identification of the jugular vein, carotid bifurcation, and IX to XII cranial nerves was performed. Mastoidectomy with exposition of the fallopian canal, labyrinth, middle ear, sigmoid sinus, followed by a trans-sigmoid craniotomy with transposition of the vertebral artery gave access to the temporal and intracranial region.
Conclusion Approaching the jugular foramen is the epitome of skull base surgery. Several modifications of the standard approach may be necessary depending on the extension of the tumor.
Citizen science and the right to research: building local knowledge of climate change impacts
Authors: Albagli Sarita , Iwama Allan Yu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe article presents results of a research project aiming to develop theoretical and empirical contributions on participatory approaches and methods of citizen science for risk mapping and adaptation to climate change. In the first part, the paper presents a review of the literature on key concepts and perspectives related to participatory citizen science, introducing the concept of the “right to research”. It highlights the mutual fertilization with participatory mapping methods to deal with disaster situations associated to climate change. In the second part, the paper describes and presents the results and conclusions of an action-research developed on the coastline between the states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 2017–2018. It involved affected communities as protagonists in mapping and managing risks of natural disasters caused by extreme climate events, by combining citizen science approaches and methods with Participatory Geographic Information Systems (PGIS) and social cartography. The article concludes by pointing out the contributions and limits of the “right to research” as a relevant Social Science approach to reframe citizen science from a democratic view.
The impact of casino proximity on northeast urban communities: a literature review
Authors: O’Gilvie Paulette J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGambling legalization, regulation, and casino proliferation in the United States have increased casino-gambling participation. The three A’s (accessibility, availability, and acceptability), known as ecological predictors of casino-gambling participation, have also been linked to the flood of casinos, including the influx of urban casinos in major metropolitan cities along the northeast corridor. Links between casino proximity, increased casino participation, and gambling-related problems are reported in the gambling and casino proximity literature but the relationship between casino proximity and urban casino communities have not been fully investigated in current literature. The purpose of this article is to present a comprehensive review of casino proximity and northeast urban casinos and host communities to the discussion on the construct, casino proximity and the impact on northeast urban casino communities by explaining the implications to those communities through extensive literature review. The review found that (i) urban casinos are typically placed in low socio-economic communities with some existing gambling culture, (ii) socio-economic improvement are promised to existing disadvantaged communities prior to the adoption of casinos, but modest economic benefits realized in urban casino neighborhoods are unsustainable, and (iii) increased accessibility and availability of urban casinos due to proximity could increase casino participation, which in turn could potentially increase gambling-related problems. Results of this literature review also indicated that gambling-related problems from proximity to casinos could produce negative socio-economic outcomes for host communities. Key stakeholders (including legislators, community workers, social services professionals, scholar-practitioners, and the casino-gambling industry) could benefit from this review given the increase in urban casino in major metro areas, and the potential impact those casinos can have on host and neighboring communities. Although very little is known about the impact of casino proximity on northeast corridor urban casinos in the megalopolis, even less is known about the relationship between proximity of urban casinos and their impact on host communities. Further investigation, particularly on the socio-economic outcomes for urban casino communities, is warranted.
Selenium uptake by rocket plants (Eruca sativa) grown in a calcareous soil as affected by Se species, Se rate and a seaweed extract-based biostimulant application
Authors: Zafeiriou Ioannis , Gasparatos Dionisios , Ioannou Dafni , Massas Ioannis 
Published: February 2022

To investigate the potentiality of Eruca sativa (rocket) to be enriched in selenium (Se) and, thus, to promote human health through consumption, a pot experiment was designed. Two rates, 5 and 10 mg/kg soil, of either selenite or selenate sodium salts were applied to appropriate pots, each filled with 1 kg of calcareous soil. Rocket seedlings were transplanted and grown in these pots, and to half of the pots the biostimulant Actiwave was added. Twelve weeks later, the plants were harvested and Se concentrations determined in shoots and roots. Plant growth characteristics were measured and plants biometrics were assessed by soil plant analyses development (SPAD), normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalised difference red edge (NDRE). Sulfur (S) and phosphorus (P) concentrations in plant samples were also determined to discuss possible interactions among the three elements. The highest Se concentration of 1070.5 mg/kg dry weight (DW) was observed for the high selenate rate without biostimulant, placing rocket in the group of Se hyperaccumulator plants. Toxic effects were recorded for the plants that received the high selenate rate, whereas no toxicity symptoms were observed for either selenite rate. According to Se concentrations in controls, biostimulant application significantly suppressed Se uptake and significantly increased S and P uptake. The same negative biostimulant effect on Se concentration in plants was clear in selenate treatments. When the results were expressed as total uptake (mg/pot), positive correlations among Se, S and P were found for selenate treatments, whereas for selenite treatments, the opposite was observed. Impressively, 1.6 mg Se/pot on a DW basis was accumulated in rocket shoots in the low selenate-rate without biostimulant treatment, corresponding to approximately 30% of the added 5 mg of selenate.
GULFMET.EM.S1 Comparison of Resistance Standards at 100 Ω
Authors: Turhan Enis , Erkan Omer , Hayirli Cem , Bartholomew Jon , Yang Dr Steven , Alshamrani Othman , Alrobaish Abdullah , Calija Srdan 
Published: February 2022

Main text
Comparison of Resistance Standards at 100 Ω between TUBITAK (Turkey), EMI (UAE), NMCC SASO (Saudi Arabia), SCL (Hong Kong), IMBIH Bosnia and Herzegovina
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Update of the BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Tl-201 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 201Tl to include the 2011 result of the NIST (United States)
Authors: Michotte C , Courte S , Nonis M , Coulon R , Judge S , Ratel G , Fitzgerald R , Pibida L 
Published: February 2022

Main text
Since 1979, 8 laboratories have submitted 20 samples of 201Tl to the International Reference System (SIR) for activity comparison at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), with comparison identifer BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Tl-201. The NIST (United States) participated in the comparison and the key comparison reference value (KCRV) has been updated. The degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the SIR and the updated KCRV have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a table. A graphical presentation is also given.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
A Real-time, Pipelined Incoherent Dedispersion Method and Implementation in FPGA
Authors: Liu Wei , Meng Qiao , Wang Chen , Zhou Chenye , Yao Shunyu , Tariq Irfan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In pulsar observation, dispersion occurs due to the interstellar medium. The dispersion significantly affects the detection of pulsar signals. To overcome the dispersion effect, incoherent dedispersion methods are often applied. The tranditional inchoherent dedispersion methods are computationally expensive and troublesome. To deal with this problem, in this paper, we developed a Real-Time, Pipelined Incoherent Dedispersion Method (RT-PIDM). RT-PIMD only caches the summed-up time series, instead of all the frequency spectra, so the memory consumption is determined by the number of DM trails, whereas the traditional method’s memory consumption is determined by the number of frequency channels. In most of the situations, the number of frequency channels is several times more than that of DM trails, which means the memory consumption of traditional methods is more than that of RT-PIDM. With RT-PIDM, we designed a 1.2 GHz bandwidth prototype digital backend, and we finished pulsar observation with the 40 m radio telescope at Yunnan Observatory. The results demonstrate that the RT-PIDM can be implemented inside a single FPGA chip with less Block RAM, and the proposed RT-PIDM dedisperses the pulsar signal in real time and achieves the same result as compared to traditional incoherent dedispersion.
High resolution track matching in a hybrid SciFi-emulsion detector
Authors: Chernyavskiy M.M. , Gippius A.A. , Konovalova N.S. , Malinin A.G. , Okateva N.M. , Petrov A.N. , Polukhina N.G. , Shevchenko V.I. , Shchedrina T.V. , Starkova E.N. , Starkov N.I. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The paper describes the matching of tracks in a nuclear
emulsion detector interleaved with scintillating optical fiber
(SciFi) planes. This technology is planned to be used in the
Scattering and Neutrino Detector (SND) of the new experiment SHiP
(Search for Hidden Particles) being developed in CERN. The
experiment SHiP aimed on the search of very weakly interacting
particles in the poorly studied region of the particle masses below
10 GeV will be installed in a beam dump facility at the Super
Proton Synchrotron (SPS). The SND detector is aimed to provide
temporal and spatial analysis of the particle showers and isolated
tracks to separate and reconstruct events in nuclear emulsion. SND
design includes emulsion cloud chamber (ECC) and SciFi
tracker. Motivation for using the combination of ECC and SciFi is to
obtain the “real-time” information for the prompt and
high-accuracy event analysis. The algorithm presented in the article
provides a track matching accuracy not less than 50 μm with
an efficiency of (89±8)%.
Schools Traffic Noise Pollution Levels Along Federal Roads in Muallim District, Perak, Malaysia
Authors: Nayan N , Hashim M , Saleh Y , Mahat H , Luyan M H , Juanis J , Khotimah N 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article aims to identify the school traffic noise level along federal roads in Muallim District, Perak, namely SMK Khir Johari (SMKKJ), SMK Agama Slim River (SMKASR) and SMK Dato’ Zulkifli Muhammad (SMKDZ). Data were collected during school hours and on weekends, from 7 September to 13 September 2019 and three times a day, 7.00 -8.00 am, 9.00 -10.00 am and 12.00 -1.00 pm. Data was collected using Digital Sound Level Meter AS804, which was mounted on a tripod approximately one meter high from the road surface to prevent road sound reflection. Sound recordings were performed using decibel scale weights (dBA) and values for Max (Maximum Noise Level), Min (Minimum Noise Level), Leq (Average Overall Noise) with five minutes time delay and descriptive analysis. The findings show all stations values exceeded the standards set by the Malaysia Department of Environment (DOE) (60 dBA). SMKKJ shows the Min value is 57.7 dBA, the Max value is 94.5 dBA and Leq 76.1 dBA during working hours. In conclusion, the study showed that all stations recorded high noise during working hours and non-working hours surpass the standard set by DOE during the day. The need for the Malaysian Ministry of Education to assess and plan to reduce this noise level through short-term and long-term measures.
Control of eigenfunctions on surfaces of variable curvature
Authors: Dyatlov Semyon , Jin Long , Nonnenmacher Stéphane 
Published: February 2022

We prove a microlocal lower bound on the mass of high energy eigenfunctions of the Laplacian on compact surfaces of negative curvature, and more generally on surfaces with Anosov geodesic flows. This implies controllability for the Schrödinger equation by any nonempty open set, and shows that every semiclassical measure has full support. We also prove exponential energy decay for solutions to the damped wave equation on such surfaces, for any nontrivial damping coefficient. These results extend previous works (see Semyon Dyatlov and Long Jin [Acta Math. 220 (2018), pp. 297–339] and Long Jin [Comm. Math. Phys. 373 (2020), pp. 771–794]), which considered the setting of surfaces of constant negative curvature.

The proofs use the strategy of Semyon Dyatlov and Long Jin [Acta Math. 220 (2018), pp. 297–339 and Long Jin [Comm. Math. Phys. 373 (2020), pp. 771–794] and rely on the fractal uncertainty principle of Jean Bourgain and Semyon Dyatlov [Ann. of Math. (2) 187 (2018), pp. 825–867]. However, in the variable curvature case the stable/unstable foliations are not smooth, so we can no longer associate to these foliations a pseudodifferential calculus of the type used by Semyon Dyatlov and Joshua Zahl [Geom. Funct. Anal. 26 (2016), pp. 1011–1094]. Instead, our argument uses Egorov’s theorem up to local Ehrenfest time and the hyperbolic parametrix of Stéphane Nonnenmacher and Maciej Zworski [Acta Math. 203 (2009), pp. 149–233], together with the

C

1
+

C^{1+}

regularity of the stable/unstable foliations.
Prognostic relevance of the revised R status definition in pancreatic cancer: meta-analysis
Authors: Leonhardt Carl Stephan , Niesen Willem , Kalkum Eva , Klotz Rosa , Hank Thomas , Büchler Markus Wolfgang , Strobel Oliver , Probst Pascal 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe prognostic impact of margin status is reported with conflicting results after pancreatic cancer resection. While some studies validated an uninvolved resection margin (R0) 1 mm or more of tumour clearance, others have failed to show benefit. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of margin definitions on median overall survival (OS).MethodsMEDLINE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for studies reporting associations between resection margins and OS between 2010 and 2021. Data regarding margin status (R0 circumferential resection margin (CRM) negative (CRM–), R0 CRM positive (CRM+), R0 direct, and R1 and OS were extracted. Hazard ratios (HRs) were pooled with a random-effects model. The risk of bias was evaluated with the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool.ResultsThe full texts of 774 studies were screened. In total, 21 studies compromising 6056 patients were included in the final synthesis. In total, 188 (24 per cent) studies were excluded due to missing margin definitions. The R0 (CRM+) rate was 50 per cent (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 0.40 to 0.61) and the R0 (CRM−) rate was 38 per cent (95 per cent c.i. 0.29 to 0.47). R0 (CRM−) resection was independently associated with improved OS compared to combined R1 and R0 (CRM+; HR 1.36, 95 per cent c.i. 1.23 to 1.56).ConclusionThe revised R status was confirmed as an independent prognosticator compared to combined R0 (CRM+) and R1. The limited number of studies, non-standardized pathology protocols, and the varying number of margins assessed hamper comparability.
Gamma band functional connectivity reduction in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment and epileptiform activity
Authors: Cuesta Pablo , Ochoa-Urrea Manuela , Funke Michael , Hasan Omar , Zhu Ping , Marcos Alberto , López Maria Eugenia , Schulz Paul E. , Lhatoo Samden , Pantazis Dimitrios , Mosher John C. , Maestu Fernando 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
There is growing evidence for neuronal hyperexcitability in Alzheimer’s disease. Hyperexcitability is associated with an increase in epileptiform activity and the disruption of inhibitory activity of interneurons. Interneurons fire at a high rate and are frequently associated with high-frequency oscillations in the gamma frequency band (30–150 Hz). It is unclear how hyperexcitability affects the organization of functional brain networks. A sample of 63 amnestic mild cognitive impairment patients underwent a magnetoencephalography resting-state recording with eyes closed. Twenty (31.75%) mild cognitive impairment patients had epileptiform activity. A cluster-based analysis of the magnetoencephalography functional connectivity revealed a region within the right temporal cortex whose global connectivity in the gamma frequency band was significantly reduced in patients with epileptiform activity relative to those without epileptiform activity. A subsequent seed-based analysis showed that this was largely due to weaker gamma band connectivity of this region with ipsilateral frontal and medial regions, and the upper precuneus area. In addition, this reduced functional connectivity was associated with higher grey matter atrophy across several cortical regions in the patients with epileptiform activity. These functional network disruptions and changes in brain physiology and morphology have important clinical implications as they may contribute to cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease.
Histopathological correlates of haemorrhagic lesions on ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging in immunized Alzheimer’s disease cases
Authors: Scherlek Ashley A. , Kozberg Mariel G. , Nicoll James A. R. , Perosa Valentina , Freeze Whitney M. , van der Weerd Louise , Bacskai Brian J. , Greenberg Steven M. , Frosch Matthew P. , Boche Delphine , van Veluw Susanne J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Haemorrhagic amyloid-related imaging abnormalities on MRI are frequently observed adverse events in the context of amyloid β immunotherapy trials in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. The underlying histopathology and pathophysiological mechanisms of haemorrhagic amyloid-related imaging abnormalities remain largely unknown, although coexisting cerebral amyloid angiopathy may play a key role. Here, we used ex vivo MRI in cases that underwent amyloid β immunotherapy during life to screen for haemorrhagic lesions and assess underlying tissue and vascular alterations. We hypothesized that these lesions would be associated with severe cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Ten cases were selected from the long-term follow-up study of patients who enrolled in the first clinical trial of active amyloid β immunization with AN1792 for Alzheimer’s disease. Eleven matched non-immunized Alzheimer’s disease cases from an independent brain brank were used as ‘controls’. Formalin-fixed occipital brain slices were imaged at 7 T MRI to screen for haemorrhagic lesions (i.e. microbleeds and cortical superficial siderosis). Samples with and without haemorrhagic lesions were cut and stained. Artificial intelligence-assisted quantification of amyloid β plaque area, cortical and leptomeningeal cerebral amyloid angiopathy area, the density of iron and calcium positive cells and reactive astrocytes and activated microglia was performed. On ex vivo MRI, cortical superficial siderosis was observed in 5/10 immunized Alzheimer’s disease cases compared with 1/11 control Alzheimer’s disease cases (κ = 0.5). On histopathology, these areas revealed iron and calcium positive deposits in the cortex. Within the immunized Alzheimer’s disease group, areas with siderosis on MRI revealed greater leptomeningeal cerebral amyloid angiopathy and concentric splitting of the vessel walls compared with areas without siderosis. Moreover, greater density of iron-positive cells in the cortex was associated with lower amyloid β plaque area and a trend towards increased post-vaccination antibody titres. This work highlights the use of ex vivo MRI to investigate the neuropathological correlates of haemorrhagic lesions observed in the context of amyloid β immunotherapy. These findings suggest a possible role for cerebral amyloid angiopathy in the formation of haemorrhagic amyloid-related imaging abnormalities, awaiting confirmation in future studies that include brain tissue of patients who received passive immunotherapy against amyloid β with available in vivo MRI during life.