bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Clinical Outcomes Between Athletes With Immediate and Delayed Onset of Symptoms Following Sport-Related Concussion
Authors: Trbovich Alicia M. , Kirschler Abigail , Preszler Jonathan , Collins Michael W. , Kontos Anthony P. 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
To compare characteristics and clinical outcomes of adolescent athletes with immediate and delayed onset of symptoms following sport-related concussion (SRC). A secondary objective was to describe the symptoms that are delayed and the timing of symptom onset.

Design:
Prospective, repeated measures study.

Setting:
Concussion Specialty Clinic.

Participants:
One hundred fifty-two participants (63.3% men) aged 11 to 24 (15.78 ± 3.47) evaluated within 7 days (3.47 ± 1.66) of sustaining an SRC.

Independent Variable:
Group classification of immediate (IMMEDIATE) or delayed onset of symptoms (DELAYED; >60 seconds following mechanism of injury) through structured clinical interview.

Main Outcome Measures:
Group comparisons on demographic and medical history factors, concussion and clinical profile symptom scores, computerized neurocognitive test scores, vestibular/oculomotor screening scores, and days to medical clearance.

Results:
24.3% of athletes in the sample were DELAYED. The groups did not differ on demographics and medical history. The DELAYED group had increased likelihood of posttraumatic migraine (PTM) as a primary/secondary clinical profile (P = 0.03). Groups did not differ on any other clinical profiles (P > 0.05). Groups did not differ on recovery time (P = 0.47), the IMMEDIATE group higher dizziness on vestibular/ocular motor screening (P = 0.016) and increased likelihood of dizziness being the initial symptom experienced (P < 0 .001).

Conclusions:
The results indicated that delayed onset of symptoms in athletes were relatively common following SRC, supporting continued evaluation of athletes for several days following suspected injuries. Delayed onset of symptoms was associated with PTM, whereas immediate onset was associated with more pronounced vestibular dysfunction, suggesting that clinicians should consider the timing of symptom onset when assessing and treating athletes following SRC.
Association Between Gut Microbiota and Depressive Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study in South Korea
Authors: Kim Sun-Young , Park Eunkyo , Lim Weon-Jeong , In Kim Soo , Jeon Sang Won , Chang Yoosoo , Ryu Seungho , Kim Hyung-Lae , Kim Han-Na 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the association between gut microbiota and depressive symptoms in a large population cohort of Korean adults.

Methods
Overall, 1238 participants were included in the study. Participants were categorized into depressed or non-depressed groups, based on the depressive symptoms reported on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Rating Scale for Depression, with a cutoff score of 16, and their fecal microbiota was profiled using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Several alpha and beta diversity measures were also estimated. The association between depressive symptoms and gut microbiota was analyzed using generalized linear models. The inferred function of the metagenomes was compared between the two groups.

Results
There were no consistent differences in alpha and beta diversity between the depressed and non-depressed groups. However, the continuous measure of depressive symptoms was inversely associated with one of four measures of alpha diversity (Shannon’s diversity, p = .021). We also found a substantial difference between the depressed and non-depressed groups in the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity among the four beta diversity indices (p = .004). Participants whose depressive symptoms exceeded a clinical cutoff score had a lower relative abundance of the genus Faecalibacterium when compared with controls (coefficient = −0.025, q = 0.047). However, the depressed group had a significantly higher abundance of the genus Oscillospira than did the non-depressed group (coefficient = 0.002, q = 0.023).

Conclusions
Our findings contribute to the identification of potential relationships between the gut microbiota and depressive symptoms and provide useful insights for developing microbiota-based interventions for patients with depressive symptoms.
Longitudinal Relationship Between Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Physical Symptoms in Military Veterans
Authors: Graham Kristin , Lawrence-Wood Ellie , McFarlane Alexander 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective
This study aimed to assess the temporal relationship of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and physical symptoms in a non–treatment-seeking deployed military sample.

Methods
Data were from a longitudinal study of Australian Defence Force personnel deployed to the Middle East Area of Operations between 2010 and 2012 (n = 1871). Predeployment assessment was conducted 4 months before deployment (T1). Of these, 1324 (70.8% retention rate) participated in assessment within 4 months after deployment (T2), and 1122 (60.0%) completed the third time point at 4 years after deployment (T3). PTSD symptoms were assessed with the posttraumatic stress checklist and physical symptoms with a 67-item self-report Health Symptom Checklist. To explore directional influences between symptoms over time, longitudinal cross-lagged association between the modeled latent factors for PTSD symptoms and physical symptoms was estimated using structural equation modeling.

Results
From T1 to T2, there was a significant bidirectional effect with higher physical symptom count at T1 predicting higher PTSD symptom severity at T2 (β = 0.17, p < .001) and higher PTSD symptom severity at T1 predicting higher physical symptom count at T2 (β = 0.13, p < .001). The effect of T2 on T3 was unidirectional. PTSD symptom severity at T2 had no effect on physical symptom count at T3, but physical symptom count at T2 predicted an increase in PTSD symptom severity at T3 (β = 0.11, p = .013).

Conclusions
Considering early physical symptoms and their physiological underpinnings after traumatic exposures could help identify those at risk of later PTSD.
Patterns of objectively measured physical activity differ between men living with and without HIV
Authors: Etzkorn Lacey H. , Liu Fangyu , Urbanek Jacek K. , Heravi Amir S. , Magnani Jared W. , Plankey Michael W. , Margolich Joseph B. , Witt Mallory D. , Palella Frank J. , Haberlen Sabina A. , Wu Katherine C. , Post Wendy S. , Schrack Jennifer A. , Crainiceanu Ciprian M. 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
To use accelerometers to quantify differences in physical activity (PA) by HIV serostatus and HIV viral load (VL) in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS).

Methods:
MACS participants living with (PLWH, n = 631) and without (PWOH, n = 578) HIV wore an ambulatory electrocardiogram monitor containing an accelerometer for 1–14 days. PA was summarized as cumulative mean absolute deviation (MAD) during the 10 most active consecutive hours (M10), cumulative MAD during the six least active consecutive hours (L6), and daily time recumbent (DTR). PA summaries were compared by HIV serostatus and by detectability of VL (>20 vs. ≤20 copies/ml) using linear mixed models adjusted for sociodemographics, weight, height, substance use, physical function, and clinical factors.

Results:
In sociodemographic-adjusted models, PLWH with a detectable VL had higher L6 (β = 0.58 mg, P = 0.027) and spent more time recumbent (β = 53 min/day, P = 0.003) than PWOH. PLWH had lower M10 than PWOH (undetectable VL β = −1.62 mg, P = 0.027; detectable VL β = −1.93 mg, P = 0.12). A joint test indicated differences in average PA measurements by HIV serostatus and VL (P = 0.001). However, differences by HIV serostatus in M10 and DTR were attenuated and no longer significant after adjustment for renal function, serum lipids, and depressive symptoms.

Conclusions:
Physical activity measures differed significantly by HIV serostatus and VL. Higher L6 among PLWH with detectable VL may indicate reduced amount or quality of sleep compared to PLWH without detectable VL and PWOH. Lower M10 among PLWH indicates lower amounts of physical activity compared to PWOH.
Giardia and growth impairment in children in high-prevalence settings: consequence or co-incidence?
Authors: Dougherty Michael , Bartelt Luther A. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review

Giardia is a common intestinal parasite worldwide, and infection can be associated with clear, and sometimes persistent symptomatology. However, in children in high-prevalence settings, it is most often not associated with or is perhaps even protective against acute diarrhea. Nonetheless, recent longitudinal studies in high-prevalence settings increasingly identify an association with long-term outcomes that has been difficult to discern.

Recent findings
Recent studies have made progress in disentangling this apparent paradox. First, prospective, well characterized cohort studies have repeatedly identified associations between Giardia infection, gut function, and child growth. Second, experimental animal and in-vitro models have further characterized the biological plausibility that Giardia could impair intestinal function and subsequently child development through different pathways, depending upon biological and environmental factors. Finally, new work has shed light on the potential for Giardia conspiring with specific other gut microbes, which may explain discrepant findings in the literature, help guide future higher resolution analyses of this pathogen, and inform new opportunities for intervention.

Summary
Recent prospective studies have confirmed a high, if not universal, prevalence of persistent Giardia infections in low-and-middle income countries associated with child-growth shortfalls and altered gut permeability. However, the predominance of subclinical infections limits understanding of the true clinical impact of endemic pediatric giardiasis, and global disease burdens remain uncalculated. Integrating the role of Giardia in multipathogen enteropathies and how nutritional, microbial, metabolic, and pathogen-strain variables influence Giardia infection outcomes could sharpen delineations between pathogenic and potentially beneficial attributes of this enigmatic parasite.
Meta-analysis of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis spectrum uncovers genome instability
Authors: Ziff Oliver J. , Neeves Jacob , Mitchell Jamie , Tyzack Giulia ,   NeuroLINCS consortium,   AnswerALS consortium, Ruiz Carlos Martinez , McGranahan Nicholas , Luisier Raphaelle , Chakrabarti Anob M. , Boulton Simon J. , Kelly Gavin , Humphrey Jack , Patani Rickie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is characterised by progressive motor neuron degeneration but there is marked genetic and clinical heterogeneity1. Identifying common mechanisms of ALS amongst this diversity has been challenging, however, a systematic framework examining motor neurons across the ALS spectrum may reveal unifying insights. Here, we present the most comprehensive compendium of ALS human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neurons (iPSNs) from 429 donors across 15 datasets including Answer ALS and NeuroLINCS, spanning 10 ALS mutations and sporadic ALS. Using gold-standard reproducible bioinformatic workflows, we identify that ALS iPSNs show common activation of the DNA damage response and p53 signalling, which was replicated in the NYGC ALS postmortem cohort of 203 spinal cord samples. The strongest p53 activation was observed in C9orf72 repeat expansions but was also independently increased in TARDBP, FUS and sporadic subgroups. ALS iPSNs showed extensive splicing alterations and enrichment of SNVs, indels and gene fusions, which may contribute to their damage-induced mutation signature. Our results integrate the global landscape of motor neuron alterations in ALS, revealing that genome instability is a common hallmark of ALS motor neurons and provides a resource to identify future ALS drug targets.
Determinants of the Omega-3 Index in the UK Biobank
Authors: Schuchardt Jan Philipp , Tintle Nathan , Westra Jason , Harris William S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInformation on the Omega-3 Index (O3I) in the United Kingdom (UK) are scarce. The UK-Biobank (UKBB) contains data on total plasma omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-PUFA%) and DHA% measured by NMR. The aim of our study was to create an equation to estimate the O3I (eO3I) from these data. We first performed an interlaboratory experiment with 250 random blood samples in which the O3I was measured in erythrocytes by gas chromatography, and total n3% and DHA% were measured in plasma by NMR. The best predictor of eO3I included both DHA% and a derived metric, the total n3%-DHA%. Together these explained 65% of the variability (r=0.832, p<0.0001). We then estimated the O3I in 117,108 UKBB subjects and correlated it with demographic and lifestyle variables in multivariable adjusted models. The mean (SD) eO3I was 5.58% (2.35%) this UKBB cohort. Several predictors were significantly correlated with eO3I (all p<0.0001). In general order of impact and with directionality (- = inverse, + = direct): oily-fish consumption (+), fish oil supplement use (+), female sex (+), older age (+), alcohol use (+), smoking (-), higher waist circumference and BMI (-), lower socioeconomic status and less education (-). Only 20.5% of eO3I variability could be explained by predictors investigated, and oily-fish consumption accounted for 7.0% of that. With the availability of the eO3I in the UKBB cohort we will be in a position to link risk for a variety of diseases with this commonly-used and well-documented marker of n3-PUFA biostatus.
A probabilistic approach for the study of epidemiological dynamics of infectious diseases: basic model and properties
Authors: Giral-Barajas José , Herrera-Nolasco Carlos Ignacio , Herrera-Valdez Marco Arieli , López Sergio I. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe dynamics of epidemiological phenomena associated to infectious diseases have long been modelled with different approaches. However, recent pandemic events exposed many areas of opportunity to improve over the existing models. We develop a model based on the idea that transitions between epidemiological stages are alike sampling processes. Such processes may involve more than one subset of the population or they may be mostly dependent on time intervals defined by infectious or clinical criteria. We apply the model to simulate epidemics and obtain realistic case fatality ratios. We also analyse the impact of the proportion of asymptomatic of infected people in the distribution of the total infected population and define a basic reproductive number, which determines the existence of a probabilistic phase transition for the pandemics dynamics. The resulting modelling scheme is robust, easy to implement, and can readily lend itself for extensions aimed at answering questions that emerge from close examination of data trends, such as those emerging from the COVID-19 pandemic, and other infectious diseases.
A Hybrid Machine Learning Model for Estimation of Obesity Levels
Authors: Choudhuri Akash 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObesity has always been a problem which has plagued humans for many generations, which, since the 1975, almost doubled to turn into a global epidemic. The current human dependence on technology has contributed to the problem even more, with the effects visibly pronounced in late teenagers and early adults. Researchers till date, have tried numerous ways to determine the factors that cause obesity in early adults.On that frontier, our hybrid machine-learning model uses the help of some supervised and unsupervised data mining methods like Extremely Randomized Trees, Multilayer Perceptron and XGBoost using Python to detect and predict obesity levels and help healthcare professionals to combat this phenomenon. Our dataset is a publicly available dataset in the UCI Machine Learning Repository, containing the data for the estimation of obesity levels in individuals from the countries of Mexico, Peru, and Colombia, based on their eating habits and physical condition. The proposed model heavily utilizes feature engineering methods and introduces the concept of a hybrid model.This work has shown improved results over prior works and extensive studies have been undertaken to preserve the robustness of this model.
Serotype specificity and utility of antibodies 5D8/1 and Cox mAB 31A2 for enterovirus diagnostics
Authors: Laiho Jutta E. , Zeissler Marie , Morgan Noel G. , Hyöty Heikki , Richardson Sarah J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA commercially available antibody, Cox mAB 31A2, raised against the VP1 protein of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) has been reported as suitable for the detection of CVB3 in diagnostic samples (Ettischer-Schmid 2016). The authors compared this antibody with the widely used, multi-specific, monoclonal anti-VP1 antibody marketed by Dako (clone 5D8/1) and concluded that clone 5D8/1 should not be used to identify enterovirus infections in diagnostic samples. Rather they suggested that Cox mAB 31A2 is preferable for this purpose. Here we address these issues and show that Cox mAB 31A2 can be used successfully to diagnose CVB3 infection in various cell and tissue samples but we demonstrate that it fails to detect many clinically relevant enterovirus types, thereby limiting its use as a general diagnostic reagent for clinical specimens. Rather, we propose that, when used under carefully controlled conditions, clone 5D8/1 should remain the reagent of choice for such purposes.
Assessing the impact of boldine on the gastrocnemius using multiomic profiling at 7 and 28 days post-complete spinal cord injury in young male mice
Authors: Potter Luke A. , Toro Carlos A. , Harlow Lauren , Lavin Kaleen M. , Cardozo Christopher P. , Wende Adam R. , Graham Zachary A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) results in rapid muscle loss. The mechanisms of muscle atrophy have been well-described but there is limited information specific to SCI. Exogenous molecular interventions to slow muscle atrophy in severe-to-complete SCI have been relatively ineffective and the wide-ranging physiologic response to SCI requires the search for novel therapeutic targets. Connexin hemichannels (CxHC) allow non-selective passage of small molecules into and out of the cell. Boldine, a CxHC-inhibiting aporphine found in the boldo tree (Peumus boldus), has shown promising pre-clinical results in slowing atrophy during sepsis and dysferlinopathy. We administered 50 mg/kg/d of boldine to spinal cord transected mice beginning 3 d post-injury. Tissue was collected 7 and 28 d post-SCI and the gastrocnemius was used for multiomic profiling. Boldine did not prevent body or muscle mass loss but attenuated SCI-induced changes in the abundance of proline, phenylalanine, leucine and isoleucine, as well as glucose, 7 d post-SCI. SCI resulted in the differential expression of ~7,700 and ~2,000 genes at 7 and 28 d, respectively, compared to sham animals, with enrichment for pathways associated with ribosome biogenesis, translation and oxidative phosphorylation. Boldine altered the expression of ~150 genes at 7 d and ~110 genes at 28 d post-SCI. Methylation analyses highlighted distinct patterns at both 7 and 28 d following SCI both with and without boldine. Taken together, boldine is not an efficacious therapy to preserve body and muscle mass after complete SCI, though it preserved or attenuated SCI-induced changes across the metabolome, transcriptome and methylome.
The deubiquitylase USP31 controls the Chromosomal Passenger Complex and spindle dynamics
Authors: Bertsoulaki Erithelgi , Glover Hannah L. , Gomes-Neto Joana I. , Pizer Barry , Maiato Helder , Urbé Sylvie , Clague Michael J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe have identified USP31 as a microtubule and centrosome associated deubiquitylase, depletion of which leads to an increase in individual cell mass and defective proliferation. We have examined its dynamics and impact during mitosis. GFP-USP31 associates with the mitotic and central spindles, its levels are increased 2-3-fold in prometaphase compared to asynchronous cells and it is dynamically phosphorylated in a CDK1 dependent manner. We find that USP31 depleted cells display altered spindle morphology and chromosomal segregation errors, whilst stable expression of a catalytically inactive form of USP31 leads to polyploidy. At prometaphase, levels of multiple CPC components are destabilised, most prominently INCENP. Under anaphase conditions, depletion of USP31 impairs the translocation of both endogenous and ectopically expressed INCENP to the spindle mid-zone, whilst expression of catalytically inactive USP31 results in multiple ectopic cleavage furrows. In summary, our data indicate a multifaceted regulatory role for USP31 during mitosis, with a profound impact on chromosomal passenger complex abundance, dynamics and function.
Chitinase-like proteins promoting tumorigenesis through disruption of cell polarity via enlarged endosomal vesicles
Authors: Khalili Dilan , Kunc Martin , Herbrich Sarah , Mueller Anna , Theopold Ulrich 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChitinase-like proteins (CLPs) are associated with tissue-remodeling and inflammation but also with several disorders, including fibrosis, atherosclerosis, allergies, and cancer. However, CLP’s role in tumors is far from clear. Here, we utilizeDrosophila melanogasterto investigate the function of CLPs (imaginal disc growth factors; Idgf’s) inRasV12dysplastic salivary glands. We find one of the Idgf’s members,Idgf3, is transcriptionally induced in a JNK-dependent manner via a positive feedback loop mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, Idgf3 accumulates in enlarged endosomal vesicles (EnVs) that promote tumor progression by disrupting cytoskeletal organization. The process is mediated via the downstream component, αSpectrin, which localizes to the EnVs. Our data provide new insight into CLP function in tumors and identifies specific targets for tumor control.