bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Horizontal and vertical heterogeneity of sediment microbial community in Site F cold seep, the South China Sea
Authors: Zhai Xinyi , Shi Xiaochong , Cheng Haojin , Yao Peng , Zhao Bin , Chen Lin , Liu Jiwen , Cao Lei , Wang Minxiao , Fu Lulu , Zhang Xiao-Hua , Yu Min 
Published: September 2022

Site F is the most vigorous cold seep known on the continental slope of the northern South China Sea. Up to now, the microbial community structures in sediments of Site F based on the high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes have been studied extensively. However, few studies investigated the microbial community structures at fine vertical scales of Site F and control stations outside Site F. In this study, a comprehensive investigation of microbial communities in sediments of Site F along the depths varying from 0 to 24 cm below sea floor (cmbsf) of four sampling sites—SRS (Southern Reduced Sediment), NRS (Northern Reduced Sediment), Control 1 (close to Site F), and Control 2 (far from Site F)—was carried out. The high relative abundances of anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME),Desulfobacterota[sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB)], andCampylobacteria[sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB)] in SRS and NRS indicated that these two sites were newborn cold seep sites compared with non-seep sites, Control 1, and Control 2. A positive correlation between ANME-1b, ANME-2, and SEEP-SRB and an enrichment ofSulfurovumandMethlomonadaceaewere found in the surface sediments of both SRS and NRS, indicating that the processes of anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM), sulfur oxidation, and sulfate reduction might occur in seep sites. SRS was enriched with ANME-1b and SEEP-SRB2 with a proposed sulfate-methane transition zone (SMTZ) approximately located at 8 cmbsf. The high abundance of ANME in SRS may due to the high concentration of methane. NRS was enriched with ANME-2,Desulfatiglans,Sulfurovum, andMethanosarcinaceaewith a proposed SMTZ at about 10 cmbsf. According to the analyses of microbial community structure and environmental factors, NRS could be described as a notable cold seep reduced sediment site with low sulfate and high H2S that nourished abundant SEEP-SRB1, ANME-2,Methanosarcinales, andSulfurovum, which showed similar distribution pattern. Our study expands the current knowledge on the differences of microbial communities in cold seep sites and non-seep sites and sheds light on the horizontal and vertical heterogeneity of sediment microbial community in Site F.
Primary progressive aphasia and motor neuron disease: A review
Authors: Aiello Edoardo Nicolò , Feroldi Sarah , De Luca Giulia , Guidotti Lucilla , Arrigoni Eleonora , Appollonio Ildebrando , Solca Federica , Carelli Laura , Poletti Barbara , Verde Federico , Silani Vincenzo , Ticozzi Nicola 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundThis study aims at reviewing, within the framework of motor neuron disease-frontotemporal degeneration (MND-FTD)-spectrum disorders, evidence on the co-occurrence between primary progressive aphasia (PPA) and MND in order to profile such a complex at pathological, genetic and clinical levels.MethodsThis review was pre-registered (osf.io/ds8m4) and performed in accordance with the 2020 PRISMA guidelines. Case reports/series and group studies were included if addressing (1) progressive non-fluent aphasia (PNFA) or semantic dementia (SD) with MND or (2) MND patients with co-morbid PNFA/SD.ResultsOut of 546 initial records, 56 studies were included. As to case reports/series (N = 35), which included 61 PPA-MND patients, the following findings yielded: (1) PNFA is more frequent than SD in PPA-MND; (2) in PPA-MND, the most prevalent motor phenotypes are amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and predominant-upper MND, with bulbar involvement being ubiquitous; (3) extrapyramidal features are moderately frequent in PPA-MND; (4) PPA-MND patients usually display frontotemporal, left-greater-than-right involvement; (5) TDP-43-B is the typical pathological substrate of PPA-MND; (6) TBK1 mutations represent the most frequent genetic risk factors for PPA-MND.As to group studies, including 121 patients, proportional meta-analytic procedures revealed that: (1) the lifetime prevalence of MND in PPA is 6%; (2) PPA occurs in 19% of patients with co-morbid MND and FTD; (3) MND is more frequent in PNFA (10%) than in SD patients (3%).DiscussionInsights herewith delivered into the clinical, neuropathological and genetic features of PPA-MND patients prompt further investigations aimed at improving clinical practice within the MND-FTD spectrum.
Age-related differences in the transient and steady state responses to different visual stimuli
Authors: Zhang Xin , Jiang Yi , Hou Wensheng , Jiang Ning 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveBrain-computer interface (BCI) has great potential in geriatric applications. However, most BCI studies in the literature used data from young population, and dedicated studies investigating the feasibility of BCIs among senior population are scarce. The current study, we analyzed the age-related differences in the transient electroencephalogram (EEG) response used in visual BCIs, i.e., visual evoked potential (VEP)/motion onset VEP (mVEP), and steady state-response, SSVEP/SSMVEP, between the younger group (age ranges from 22 to 30) and senior group (age ranges from 60 to 75).MethodsThe visual stimulations, including flicker, checkerboard, and action observation (AO), were designed with a periodic frequency. Videos of several hand movement, including grasping, dorsiflexion, the thumb opposition, and pinch were utilized to generate the AO stimuli. Eighteen senior and eighteen younger participants were enrolled in the experiments. Spectral-temporal characteristics of induced EEG were compared. Three EEG algorithms, canonical correlation analysis (CCA), task-related component analysis (TRCA), and extended CCA, were utilized to test the performance of the respective BCI systems.ResultsIn the transient response analysis, the motion checkerboard and AO stimuli were able to elicit prominent mVEP with a specific P1 peak and N2 valley, and the amplitudes of P1 elicited in the senior group were significantly higher than those in the younger group. In the steady-state analysis, SSVEP/SSMVEP could be clearly elicited in both groups. The CCA accuracies of SSVEPs/SSMVEPs in the senior group were slightly lower than those in the younger group in most cases. With extended CCA, the performance of both groups improved significantly. However, for AO targets, the improvement of the senior group (from 63.1 to 71.9%) was lower than that of the younger group (from 63.6 to 83.6%).ConclusionCompared with younger subjects, the amplitudes of P1 elicited by motion onset is significantly higher in the senior group, which might be a potential advantage for seniors if mVEP-based BCIs is used. This study also shows for the first time that AO-based BCI is feasible for the senior population. However, new algorithms for senior subjects, especially in identifying AO targets, are needed.
Application of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in an in vivo model of peripheral nerve damage
Authors: González-Cubero Elsa , González-Fernández María Luisa , Rodríguez-Díaz María , Palomo-Irigoyen Marta , Woodhoo Ashwin , Villar-Suárez Vega 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundNeuropathic pain is one of the most difficult to treat chronic pain syndromes. It has significant effects on patients’ quality of life and substantially adds to the burden of direct and indirect medical costs. There is a critical need to improve therapies for peripheral nerve regeneration. The aim of this study is to address this issue by performing a detailed analysis of the therapeutic benefits of two treatment options: adipose tissue derived-mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) and ASC-conditioned medium (CM).MethodsTo this end, we used an in vivo rat sciatic nerve damage model to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the myelinating capacity of ASCs and CM. Furthermore, effect of TNF and CM on Schwann cells (SCs) was evaluated. For our in vivo model, biomaterial surgical implants containing TNF were used to induce peripheral neuropathy in rats. Damaged nerves were also treated with either ASCs or CM and molecular methods were used to collect evidence of nerve regeneration. Post-operatively, rats were subjected to walking track analysis and their sciatic functional index was evaluated. Morphological data was gathered through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of sciatic nerves harvested from the experimental rats. We also evaluated the effect of TNF on Schwann cells (SCs) in vitro. Genes and their correspondent proteins associated with nerve regeneration were analyzed by qPCR, western blot, and confocal microscopy.ResultsOur data suggests that both ASCs and CM are potentially beneficial treatments for promoting myelination and axonal regeneration. After TNF-induced nerve damage we observed an upregulation of c-Jun along with a downregulation of Krox-20 myelin-associated transcription factor. However, when CM was added to TNF-treated nerves the opposite effect occurred and also resulted in increased expression of myelin-related genes and their corresponding proteins.ConclusionFindings from our in vivo model showed that both ASCs and CM aided the regeneration of axonal myelin sheaths and the remodeling of peripheral nerve morphology.
Epidemiological characteristics of hearing loss associated with noise temporal structure among manufacturing workers
Authors: Zhou Lifang , Ruan Xiaoying , Wang Tongshuai , Xie Hongwei , Hu Yong , Shi Zhihao , Xin Jiarui , Zhou Jiena , Xue Panqi , Wei Fang , Zhang Yixin , Zhang Meibian , Zou Hua 
Published: September 2022

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of occupational noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) among manufacturing workers, and to provide evidence for diagnosing and preventing occupational hearing loss caused by complex noise, which is different from Gaussian noise in temporal structure.Methods: One thousand and fifty manufacturing workers exposed to occupational noise were recruited in a cross-sectional survey. Exposure characteristics and epidemiological distribution of hearing loss and noise exposure metrics (noise energy and kurtosis) were investigated, and the relationship between noise exposure and hearing loss was analyzed. The effects of kurtosis on hearing threshold shift across different frequencies and on NIHL development with exposure duration and noise intensity were also investigated.Results: Each type of work had specific noise exposure metrics. Noise intensity and kurtosis were independent parameters (r = −0.004, p = 0.885). The prevalence of NIHL and the hearing threshold level had a specific distribution in different types of work. Kurtosis deepened the hearing notch at high frequencies and accelerated the formation of early hearing loss. The effect of exposure duration and noise intensity on the prevalence of high-frequency NIHL (i.e., at 3, 4, 6, and 8 kHz) for manufacturing workers increased with kurtosis in workers with noise exposure duration of less than 10 years and with LAeq.8h between 80 and 90 dB(A). Male (OR = 1.557, 95%CI = 1.141–2.124), age (OR = 1.033, 95%CI = 1.014–1.052), exposure duration (OR = 1.072, 95%CI = 1.038–1.107), kurtosis (OR = 1.002, 95%CI = 1.001–1.003), and noise intensity (LAeq.8h; OR = 1.064, 95%CI = 1.044–1.084) were risk factors for high-frequency NIHL. The speech-frequency NIHL (i.e., at 0.5, 1, and 2 kHz) risk of workers exposed to manufacturing noise was related to age (OR = 1.071, 95%CI = 1.043–1.100). There were no statistically significant associations between speech-frequency NIHL and sex, noise exposure duration, kurtosis, and noise intensity (LAeq.8h).Conclusion: The high-frequency NIHL prevalence among manufacturing workers is associated with sex, age, exposure duration, noise intensity, and temporal structure of noise, while the speech-frequency NIHL prevalence is associated with age. Kurtosis strengthens the association of noise exposure duration and noise intensity with high-frequency hearing loss. The influence of noise temporal structure should be considered in the diagnosis and early prevention of occupational hearing loss caused by complex noise.
Differentiation between spinal multiple myeloma and metastases originated from lung using multi-view attention-guided network
Authors: Chen Kaili , Cao Jiashi , Zhang Xin , Wang Xiang , Zhao Xiangyu , Li Qingchu , Chen Song , Wang Peng , Liu Tielong , Du Juan , Liu Shiyuan , Zhang Lichi 
Published: September 2022

PurposeMultiple myeloma (MM) and metastasis originated are the two common malignancy diseases in the spine. They usually show similar imaging patterns and are highly demanded to differentiate for precision diagnosis and treatment planning. The objective of this study is therefore to construct a novel deep-learning-based method for effective differentiation of two diseases, with the comparative study of traditional radiomics analysis.MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled a total of 217 patients with 269 lesions, who were diagnosed with spinal MM (79 cases, 81 lesions) or spinal metastases originated from lung cancer (138 cases, 188 lesions) confirmed by postoperative pathology. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences of all patients were collected and reviewed. A novel deep learning model of the Multi-view Attention-Guided Network (MAGN) was constructed based on contrast-enhanced T1WI (CET1) sequences. The constructed model extracts features from three views (sagittal, coronal and axial) and fused them for a more comprehensive differentiation analysis, and the attention guidance strategy is adopted for improving the classification performance, and increasing the interpretability of the method. The diagnostic efficiency among MAGN, radiomics model and the radiologist assessment were compared by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).ResultsAblation studies were conducted to demonstrate the validity of multi-view fusion and attention guidance strategies: It has shown that the diagnostic model using multi-view fusion achieved higher diagnostic performance [ACC (0.79), AUC (0.77) and F1-score (0.67)] than those using single-view (sagittal, axial and coronal) images. Besides, MAGN incorporating attention guidance strategy further boosted performance as the ACC, AUC and F1-scores reached 0.81, 0.78 and 0.71, respectively. In addition, the MAGN outperforms the radiomics methods and radiologist assessment. The highest ACC, AUC and F1-score for the latter two methods were 0.71, 0.76 &amp; 0.54, and 0.69, 0.71, &amp; 0.65, respectively.ConclusionsThe proposed MAGN can achieve satisfactory performance in differentiating spinal MM between metastases originating from lung cancer, which also outperforms the radiomics method and radiologist assessment.
Immune-modulatory effect of human milk in reducing the risk of Kawasaki disease: A nationwide study in Korea
Authors: Na Jae Yoon , Cho Yongil , Lee Juncheol , Yang Seung , Kim Yong Joo 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundKawasaki disease (KD) is the most common acquired heart disease among children in developed countries, but the etiology is still unclear. There are several hypotheses regarding the outbreak of KD, including infection, genetics, and immunity. Since breastfeeding plays an essential role in the immune system's composition, investigating breastfeeding's effects on the occurrence of KD would be an excellent way to identify the etiology of KD.AimTo determine whether the incidence of KD decreases with breastfeeding.MethodsThis nationwide cohort study analyzed data from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) in South Korea and included 1,910,438 infants who underwent their first National Children's Health Examination (NCHE) between 2008 and 2014. Feeding types were collected using a questionnaire in NCHE. The NHIS data and NCHE data were merged and analyzed. First, we investigated the effect of breastfeeding on the development of KD at 1 year of age. Then, we surveyed the age at which no significant effect appeared by expanding the observation range yearly.ResultsThe most prevalent feeding type in the study population was exclusive breastfeeding (41.5%). At 10–12 months of follow-up age, 3,854 (0.2%) infants were diagnosed with KD. Compared to the exclusive formula feeding group, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for KD was 0.84 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.78–0.90] and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.79–0.94) in the exclusive and partial breastfeeding groups, respectively. At 22–24 months of age, aOR for KD was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.90–0.98) in the exclusive breastfeeding group and 0.98 (95% CI, 0.92–1.03) in the partial breastfeeding group. There was no difference in the risk between the groups at 34–36 months.ConclusionsUsing a large amount of national data on children aged &lt;2 years, we proved that breastfeeding has a protective effect on the development of KD.
Interleukin-6 in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of hospitalized children with community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Zhang Yun , Zheng Wenyu , Ning Haonan , Liu Jing , Li Fuhai , Ju Xiuli 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundHost biomarkers and cytokines help in the prediction of disease severity in adults with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Accurate assessment of pathogens and disease severity is essential to clinical decision-making. There are few validated prognostic tools in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage for children with CAP to assist with proper decision and management.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of 118 children under 18 years of age, hospitalized for CAP with bronchoalveolar lavage management within the first 2 days. The primary outcome was disease severity: mild (with no complications), moderate (with mild to moderate complications), and severe (with severe complications). Comparison and performance analysis of biomarkers and cytokines in the blood or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) across different severity categories/different pathogens were performed.ResultsAnalysis of 118 CAP cases revealed significant differences in the BALF levels of IL-6 (p= 0.000), CRP (p= 0.001), and ESR (p= 0.004) across different severity categories, while BALF IL-6 level was indicated as the best indicator to discriminate mild from moderate-to-severe cases with highest AUC (0.847, 95% CI: 0.748–0.946), fair sensitivity (0.839), and specificity (0.450), and severe from non-severe cases with highest AUC (0.847), sensitivity (0.917), and specificity (0.725). ALL biomarkers and cytokines exhibited no significant differences across different pathogen categories (p&gt; 0.05), while BALF IL-6 (p= 0.000), blood ANC (p= 0.028), and ESR (p= 0.024) levels were obviously different in comparison to single Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP)-, bacteria-, or virus-positive group vs. non-group. Blood CRP (r= 0.683,p= 0.000) and ESR (r= 0.512,p= 0.000) levels revealed significant correlation with the hospitalization course (HC). Among all the BALF cytokines, only BALF IL-6 showed a significant difference (p= 0.004,p&lt; 0.01) across different severity categories, with good performance for predicting CAP severity in hospitalized children (AUC = 0.875,P= 0.004). Blood IL-6 and BALF IL-6 levels showed no significant correlation; in addition, BALF IL6 was better at predicting CAP severity in hospitalized children (AUC = 0.851,p= 0.011,p&lt; 0.05) compared to blood IL-6.ConclusionBALF IL-6 and blood CRP levels, and ESR may have the ability for discriminating disease severity in hospitalized children with CAP, whereas WBC count and ANC have limited ability. No biomarkers or cytokines seemed to have the ability to predict the pathogen category, while BALF IL-6, blood ANC, and ESR may assist in the diagnosis of single MP, bacteria, and virus infections, respectively.
Remdesivir in treating hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A renewed review of clinical trials
Authors: Wu Zhenchao , Han Zhifei , Liu Beibei , Shen Ning 
Published: September 2022

Since December 2019, COVID-19 has spread across the world almost through 2.5 years. As of 16 June 2022, the cumulative number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 worldwide has reached 542.62 million, and the death toll has risen to 6.33 million. With the increasing number of deaths, it is urgent to find effective treatment drugs. Remdesivir, an investigational broad-spectrum antiviral drug produced by Gilead has been shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2, in vitro and in vivo. This review is aimed to analyze the feasibility of remdesivir in COVID-19 and put forward the shortcomings of present clinical studies. We systematically searched PubMed and Web of Science up until 24 May 2022, using several specific terms such as “remdesivir” or “GS-5734” and “COVID-19” or “SARS-CoV-2” and retrieved basic researches and clinical studies of remdesivir in COVID-19. In this review, we summarized and reviewed the mechanism of remdesivir in SARS-COV-2, clinical trials of using remdesivir in COVID-19, analyzed the efficacy and safety of remdesivir, and judged whether the drug was effective for the treatment of COVID-19. In different clinical trials, remdesivir showed a mixed result in the treatment of COVID-19. It seemed that remdesivir shortened the time to recovery and had an acceptable safety profile. However, more clinical trials are needed to test the efficacy and safety of remdesivir.
Upregulation of P2X3 receptors in primary afferent pathways involves in colon-to-bladder cross-sensitization in rats
Authors: Dong XingYou , Yang Yang , Luo Shengjun , Deng Xiaohong , Tang Wei 
Published: September 2022

Background: Clinical investigation indicates a high level of co-morbidity between bladder overactivity and irritable bowel syndrome. The cross-sensitization of afferent pathways has been demonstrated to be the main reason for the cross-organ sensitization, but the underlying mechanism is unclear.Methods: A single dose of 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) was applied to induce the colitis rat models by intracolonic administration. All rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, TNBS-3-day, and TNBS-7-day groups. Western blot and immunofluorescent staining were performed to detect the expression of the P2X3 receptor. The spontaneous contractions of the detrusor strip were measured to evaluate the detrusor contractility function. The micturition function was measured by a cystometry experiment. The intercontractile interval (ICI) and maximum bladder pressure (BP) were recorded.Results: The distal colon from colitis showed serious tissue damage or chronic inflammation after TNBS instillation (p &lt; 0.01). However, there were no detectable histological changes in bladder among groups (p &gt; 0.05). TNBS-induced colitis significantly increased P2X3 receptor expression on the myenteric and submucosal plexus of the distal colon and urothelium of the bladder, especially at day 3 post-TNBS (p &lt; 0.05). Meanwhile, the expression of the P2X3 receptor on DRG neurons was increased in TNBS-induced colitis (p &lt; 0.01). The detrusor strip of rats exhibited detrusor overactivity after days 3 and 7 of TNBS administration (p &lt; 0.01), but inhibition of the P2X3 receptor had no effect (p &gt; 0.05). Moreover, the rats with colitis exhibited the micturition pattern of bladder overactivity, manifested by decreased ICI and increased maximum BP (p &lt; 0.05). Interestingly, inhibition of the P2X3 receptor by intrathecal injection of A-317491 alleviated bladder overactivity evoked by TNBS-induced colitis (p &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: The upregulation of the P2X3 receptor in an afferent pathway involved in bladder overactivity evoked by TNBS-induced colonic inflammation, suggesting that the P2X3 receptor antagonist may be an available and novel strategy for the control of bladder overactivity.