bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Danish validation of the Multimorbidity Treatment Burden Questionnaire (MTBQ) and findings from a population health survey: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Pedersen Marie Hauge , Duncan Polly , Lasgaard Mathias , Friis Karina , Salisbury Chris , Breinholt Larsen Finn 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveTo validate the Danish Multimorbidity Treatment Burden Questionnaire (MTBQ) and obtain a population-based evaluation of treatment burden.DesignMixed-methods.SettingDanish population-based survey.ParticipantsTranslation by professional translators and an expert group. The scale was tested by 13 407 participants (aged ≥25 years) in treatment.MeasuresThe 10-item MTBQ was translated into Danish using forward-backward translation and used in a large population health survey. A global MTBQ score was calculated and factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha assessed dimensional structure and internal consistency reliability, respectively. Spearman’s rank correlations between global MTBQ scores and scores of self-rated health, health-related quality of life and the number of long-term conditions, respectively, assessed construct validity. MTBQ scores were grouped into four categories (no, low, medium, high burden) to assess interpretability and population-based evaluation of treatment burden.ResultsThe scale showed high internal consistency (α=0.87), positive skewness and large floor effects. Factor analysis supported a one-dimensional structure of the scale with a three-dimensional structure as a less parsimonious alternative. The MTBQ score was negatively associated with self-rated health (rS−0.45, p<0.0001) and health-related quality of life (rS−0.46/−0.51, p<0.0001), and positively associated with the number of long-term conditions (rS0.26, p<0.0001) and perceived stress (rS0.44, p<0.0001). Higher treatment burden was associated with young age, male sex, high educational level, unemployment, being permanently out of work, not living with a spouse/cohabitant, living with child(ren) and long-term conditions (eg, heart attack, stroke, diabetes and mental illness).ConclusionThe Danish MTBQ is a valid measure of treatment burden with good construct validity and high internal reliability. This is the first study to explore treatment burden at a population level and provides important evidence to policy makers and clinicians about sociodemographic groups at risk of higher treatment burden.
Hospital accreditation processes in Saudi Arabia: a thematic analysis of hospital staff experiences
Authors: Al Mansour Ali , Merry Alan F , Jowsey Tanisha , Weller Jennifer M 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundHospital accreditation by an international organisation can play an important role in health quality and safety. However, little is known about how managers and front-line employees experience and perceive the effects of accreditation. Their views could inform quality improvement processes and procedures.ObjectiveTo explore perceptions of employees at the managerial level on the Joint Commission International (JCI) accreditation process and its impact on quality of patient care in Saudi Arabian JCI-accredited hospitals.MethodsWe undertook a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews to explore the perspectives of senior staff from three accredited public hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Interviews were transcribed prior to thematic analysis.ResultsTwenty managers participated in the interviews. The following inter-related themes emerged concerning the JCI accreditation process and its impact on quality of patient care: drivers for the change; the plan for the change; the process of the change; maintaining changes post-accreditation and patients’ issues. Participants were positive in their accounts of: drivers for the change; planning for the change needed to achieve accreditation and managing patients’ issues. However, participants reported less favourably on: the process of the change; and maintaining changes post-accreditation.ConclusionThe planning stage was perceived as the easiest component of JCI accreditation. Implementing and maintaining changes post-accreditation that demonstrably promote patient safety and quality of care was perceived as more difficult. When planning for accreditation, institutions need to incorporate strategies to ensure that improvements to care continue beyond the accreditation period.
Gravitational effect of plasma particles on the shadow of Schwarzschild black holes
Authors: Li Qiang , Zhu Yanni , Wang Towe 
Published: January 2022

AbstractConsidering a Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by a fully ionized hydrogen plasma, we study the effect of the gravitational field of the plasma particles on the shadow. We take a formalism in which this effect is unified with the refractive effect of the plasma medium studied previously, but the two effects are characterized by two independent parameters. For semi-realistic values of parameters, we find their corrections to the shadow radius are both negligible, and the gravitational correction can overtake the refractive correction for active galactic nuclei of masses larger than $$10^9M_{\odot }$$

10
9

M
⊙

. With unrealistically large values of parameters, we illustrate the two effects on the light trajectories and the intensity map.
‘Photography’ as a useful method for estimating the density, sex-ratio and body size of the surface-active Austruca perplexa (H. Milne Edwards, 1852) (Brachyura, Ocypodidae)
Authors: Keeratipattarakarn Kanitta , Tina Fahmida Wazed , Sangngam Rattapon , Thongsri Ketsanee , Suphap Arreeya 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Estimations of crab density, sex-ratio, and body sizes are difficult. Though the ‘burrow excavation’ method is widely used to estimate these parameters in surface-active crabs, it is destructive to crab populations. Therefore, an alternative, non-destructive method is desirable. This study compared the non-destructive ‘photography’ method with the ‘burrow excavation’ method in a fiddler crab (Austruca perplexa (H. Milne Edwards, 1852)) population. Twenty 0.25 m2 quadrats were set out and 4 photos were taken of the surface-active crabs in each quadrat. All crab burrows were then excavated, and the crabs were collected to estimate their numbers, sexes, and body and claw sizes. Afterward, the photographs were analysed to estimate the same parameters by using the GIMP program. These parameters were then compared between the two methods. The results showed that these parameters were not different between the methods compared. This study thus reveals that the ‘photography’ method could safely be used instead of the ‘burrow excavation’ method, and yield the same results.
Humanitarian Law Compliance
Authors: Alley Roderic 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Ensuring humanitarian law compliance and repression of its violations receives constant reiteration but to mixed effect. While international judicial, jurisprudential and investigatory modalities have advanced, requisite State level competencies exhibit marked variability. This paper devotes most attention to disadvantaged States – those that, for whatever reason, lack the judicial, institutional or administrative capacity to ensure humanitarian law compliance and repression of its violations. Here a profile of 46 States is selected for review, 20 of which are identified as impacted by previous or continuing forms of armed conflict. Data from the World Justice Project’s 2020 Rule of Law Index is utilised. Chosen indicators assess individual State legislative, judicial, due process, and criminal investigatory capacities as perceived and recorded by local publics and individual experts. A comparative evaluation of this data reveals differences within profiles of disadvantaged States. They are investigated to better comprehend humanitarian law compliance challenges facing such States. They include international cooperation, utilisation of amnesties, and the conduct of armed non-state actors. The paper’s central thesis is that humanitarian law compliance, and repression of its violations, remains inadequate without remediation of the capacity impediments evident in disadvantaged States.
Le Traité de la rosace (Risāle-i gül-ābād) d’Ibrāhīm el-Eşrefī el-Qādirī, cheikh soufi ottoman du XIIe/XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Papas Alexandre 
Published: January 2022

Résumé
La rose (gül en turc) est un symbole bien connu dans le soufisme, en particulier dans la poésie mystique. Métaphore de l’épineuse beauté divine que le rossignol adule, la fleur hérite d’interprétations supplémentaires dans les manuels confrériques, à partir notamment de hadiths apocryphes. L’un de ces écrits, le Traité de la rosace d’Ibrāhīm el-Eşrefī el-Qādirī, cheikh de la branche Eşrefiyye de la Qādiriyya ottomane, explique les significations symboliques de trois représentations de rose sous forme de rosaces cousues sur le couvre-chef porté par les soufis. L’article soutient que les lectures précédentes du traité ont peut-être manqué le véritable enjeu du texte. Pour les mystiques musulmans, par-delà la question du hadith, la rose est bien une métaphore de l’épanouissement du Prophète parmi les humains manifestant la présence de Dieu. Mais plus précisément, la traduction du traité révèle que son auteur envisage la rose comme un signe dont les sens cachés ne sont connus que de quelques maîtres soufis (tels quelques roses dans le désert) ayant reçu mission prophétique et faveur divine.
Fragments de gnose musulmane soviétique
Authors: Dudoignon Stéphane A. 
Published: January 2022

Résumé
Décrit comme isolat de conservatisme, l’islam centrasiatique de l’ère soviétique témoigne, jusque dans ses traits d’archaïsme, de mutations profondes. Parmi elles : la valorisation, par une poésie gnostique persane ou türke de forme classique produite pendant le court XXe siècle, des Voies soufies comme lieu de résistance aux “idolâtries” du moment. Après la disparition des khānqāh (loges) dès la collectivisation, cette invocation est destinée à une audience réduite d’initiés. Elle rappelle l’utilité, en contexte répressif, du dhikr intérieur cher à la Naqshbandiyya. Réinterprétant le principe naqshbandī d’“ascèse en société”, elle insiste également, dans un esprit mujaddidī, sur l’importance de la figure du Guide pour l’approfondissement de l’engagement mystique. Son véhicule est une poésie de forme et de mètre classiques, conjuguant hermétisme et souci d’oralité. Demeurée manuscrite jusqu’au tournant du XXIe siècle, cette littérature est devenue vectrice de processus hagiographiques portés par des lignées sacrées et réseaux de disciples étroitement apparentés, présents sur de vastes territoires. Elle est illustrée ici par un choix de ghazals persans de Shaykh ʿAbd al-Raḥīm Dawlat Īlākī (1881-1947), maître mujaddidī formé à Boukhara sous les derniers émirs. Actif jusqu’à sa mort dans la haute vallée du Qarategin, son enseignement s’est diffusé sur le territoire de la RSS des Tadjiks à la faveur des déplacements de population d’après la Seconde Guerre mondiale vers les plaines cotonnières du centre et du sud de la république, posant les bases d’une célébration de Shaykh ʿAbd al-Raḥīm comme saint national.
Whose Country Is Digital India? Unpacking Dominant Power Relations Mediated by the Digital India Campaign
Authors: Singh Anubha 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article unpacks the material and cultural implications of the Digital India programme’s rhetoric of social transformation and digital empowerment by asking the question ‘How and whom does digital empowerment seek to empower?’ Through an analysis of the discourse on the Digital India website, this article concludes that the recurring depoliticization and dehistoricization of social differences deliberately make the programme’s intended beneficiaries vague. By flattening structural differences among caste, class, gender, and ethnicity, Digital India’s technopolitics recasts empowerment as an individual issue and naturalizes the myths of meritocracy, castelessness, and genderlessness. Furthermore, in a Hindutva regime, Digital India’s depoliticized technopolitics becomes a tool for managing citizenship that reinforces the status quo. This article argues that, by declining to define a process of empowerment that considers cultural complexities and structural hegemonies, Digital India’s call for digital empowerment remains an empty signifier.
Retaking Mars Hill
Authors: Wiley Daniel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Presuppositionalists argue that Paul’s address at Mars Hill offers biblical grounds for presuppositional apologetics and that evidentialists misinterpret the same address in support of their own position. A critical evaluation of this claim requires the examination of six issues in Acts 17:16–34 which have implications for apologetic method: (1) Paul’s pre-Mars Hill ministry in Athens; (2) The captatio benevolentiae of Paul’s exordium; (3) The Unknown God; (4) The parallels to Greek philosophical thought in the body of Paul’s address; (5) Paul’s citation of Greek poets; and (6) Paul’s appeal to the resurrection as proof. A correct interpretation of these issues will prove that the presuppositional criticism of evidentialism is unsubstantiated and that Paul’s Mars Hill address better fits a broad evidentialist apologetic than a presuppositional apologetic.
Does Jesus Endorse Armed Self-Defense in Luke 22:36?
Authors: Hsiao Timothy 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In Luke 22:36, Jesus instructs his disciples to buy swords. The best understanding of this passage is that Jesus is endorsing the carrying of weapons for personal protection. This article outlines the self-defense interpretation and defends it against several objections. I then argue that the injunction to buy a sword can be extended to gun ownership as a modern-day application. After making the scriptural case for gun ownership, I then sketch a brief philosophical argument for a strong moral right to gun ownership. Various theological, philosophical, and empirical objections are considered and found lacking.
Did Medicaid Expansion Mitigate Disparities in Post-mastectomy Reconstruction Rates?
Authors: Goldenberg Alison R. , Willcox Lauren M. , Abolghasemi Daria M. , Jiang Renjian , Wei Zheng Z. , Arciero Cletus A. , Subhedar Preeti D. 
Published: January 2022

Background Patient and socioeconomic factors both contribute to disparities in post-mastectomy reconstruction (PMR) rates. We sought to explore PMR patterns across the US and to determine if PMR rates were associated with Medicaid expansion. Methods The NCDB was used to identify women who underwent PMR between 2004-2016. The data was stratified by race, state Medicaid expansion status, and region. A multivariate model was fit to determine the association between Medicaid expansion and receipt of PMR. Results In comparison to Caucasian women receiving PMR in Medicaid expansion states, African American (AA) women in Medicaid expansion states were less likely to receive PMR (OR .96 [.92-1.00] P < .001). Patients in the Northeast (NE) had better PMR rates vs any other region in the US, for both Caucasian and AA women (Caucasian NE ref, Caucasian-South .80 [.77-.83] vs AA NE 1.11 [1.04-1.19], AA-South (.60 [.58-.63], P < .001). Interestingly, AA patients residing in the NE had the highest receipt of PMR 1.11 (1.04-1.19), even higher than their Caucasian counterparts residing in the same region (ref). Rural AA women had the lowest rates of PMR vs rural Caucasian women (.40 [.28-.58] vs .79 [.73-.85], P < .001]. Discussion Racial disparities in PMR rates persisted despite Medicaid expansion. When stratified by region, however, AA patients in the NE had higher rates of PMR than AA women in other regions. The largest disparities were seen in AA women in the rural US. Breast cancer disparities continue to be a complex problem that was not entirely mitigated by improved insurance coverage.
Dialectical Behavior Therapy: Effect on Emotion Regulation and Death Anxiety in Older Female Adults
Authors: Khodabakhshi-Koolaee Anahita , Falsafinejad Mohammad Reza , Zoljalali Tina , Ghazizadeh Cobra 
Published: January 2022

This study examined the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy intervention on emotion regulation and death anxiety in old women. This quasi-experimental study was conducted using a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The research population included elderly women aged 60–75 years who were members of the Tehran Municipality Retirees Association in 2020. A total of 30 women were assigned to intervention and control groups (15 persons in each group). The participants in the intervention group received the dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) intervention for 10 sessions while the participants in the control group did not receive any intervention. The results of the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed that there was a significant difference between the women in the intervention and control groups in terms of cognitive emotion regulation and death anxiety on the posttest. This therapy can be used for the elderly living in nursing homes and aging associations and institutions.
What counts as a voiceable concern in decisions about speaking out in hospitals: A qualitative study
Authors: Dixon-Woods Mary , Aveling Emma L , Campbell Anne , Ansari Akbar , Tarrant Carolyn , Willars Janet , Pronovost Peter , Mitchell Imogen , Bates David W , Dankers Christian , McGowan James , Martin Graham 
Published: January 2022

Objectives Those who work in health care organisations are a potentially valuable source of information about safety concerns, yet failures of voice are persistent. We propose the concept of ‘voiceable concern’ and offer an empirical exploration. Methods We conducted a qualitative study involving 165 semi-structured interviews with a range of staff (clinical, non-clinical and at different hierarchical levels) in three hospitals in two countries. Analysis was based on the constant comparative method. Results Our analysis shows that identifying what counts as a concern, and what counts as a occasion for voice by a given individual, is not a straightforward matter of applying objective criteria. It instead often involves discretionary judgement, exercised in highly specific organisational and cultural contexts. We identified four influences that shape whether incidents, events and patterns were classified as voiceable concerns: certainty that something is wrong and is an occasion for voice; system versus conduct concerns, forgivability and normalisation. Determining what counted as a voiceable concern is not a simple function of the features of the concern; also important is whether the person who noticed the concern felt it was voiceable by them. Conclusions Understanding how those who work in health care organisations come to recognise what counts as a voiceable concern is critical to understanding decisions and actions about speaking out. The concept of a voiceable concern may help to explain aspects of voice behaviour in organisations as well as informing interventions to improve voice.
Experiences and practices of caregiving for older persons living with dementia in African countries: A qualitative scoping review
Authors: Adedeji Isaac A , Ogunniyi Adesola , Henderson David C , Sam-Agudu Nadia A 
Published: January 2022

Background The increasing awareness and diagnosis of dementia in Africa necessitate documentation of caregiving practices to understand local patterns and improve the quality of care. Caregiving in African communities is rooted in informal-communal social organization. This scoping review analyses caregiver characteristics and experiences, and practices of caregiving for persons living with dementia in Africa. Methods A total of 152 references were retrieved, with 64 references obtained from PubMed, 85 from AJOL, and three from Scopus. Based on the relevance of titles, 83 references were further retained from PubMed (64), AJOL (16), and Scopus (3). A rapid review of abstracts was done in Distiller SR, and finally, six relevant articles were content-analyzed using Atlas ti 8.4 qualitative analysis software. Results All six included studies were published between 2003 and 2018. Four themes were identified: article characteristics, caregiver characteristics, caregiver in context, and caregiver potentialities (challenges and opportunities). Studies reported findings from research conducted in four African countries: three from Nigeria, and one each from South Africa, Egypt, and Tanzania. Caregivers of persons living with dementia typically had eight years or less of formal education, were unpaid, and spent a daily average of 13 hours in caregiving. Cultural thresholds and individual caregiver differences underlie the interpretation of stressors across cultures. Caregivers lack the right training and information as well as support systems to improve their role performance and reduce accumulated stress. Conclusion In African countries, informational and educational platforms are essential for improved individual dementia caregiving, vis-à-vis strengthened roles of governments, and religious/traditional leaders and organizations.
M-CSFR/CSF1R signaling regulates myeloid fates in zebrafish via distinct action of its receptors and ligands
Authors: Hason Martina , Mikulasova Tereza , Machonova Olga , Pombinho Antonio , van Ham Tjakko J. , Irion Uwe , Nüsslein-Volhard Christiane , Bartunek Petr , Svoboda Ondrej 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (M-CSFR/CSF1R) signaling is crucial for the differentiation, proliferation, and survival of myeloid cells. The CSF1R pathway is a promising therapeutic target in many human diseases, including neurological disorders and cancer. Zebrafish are commonly used for human disease modeling and preclinical therapeutic screening. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the proper function of cytokine signaling in zebrafish to reliably model human-related diseases. Here, we investigate the roles of zebrafish Csf1rs and their ligands (Csf1a, Csf1b, and Il34) in embryonic and adult myelopoiesis. The proliferative effect of exogenous Csf1a on embryonic macrophages is connected to both receptors, Csf1ra and Csf1rb, however there is no evident effect of Csf1b in zebrafish embryonic myelopoiesis. Furthermore, we uncover an unknown role of Csf1rb in zebrafish granulopoiesis. Deregulation of Csf1rb signaling leads to failure in myeloid differentiation, resulting in neutropenia throughout the whole lifespan. Surprisingly, Il34 signaling through Csf1rb seems to be of high importance as both csf1rbΔ4bp-deficient and il34Δ5bp-deficient zebrafish larvae lack granulocytes. Our single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of adult whole kidney marrow (WKM) hematopoietic cells suggests that csf1rb is expressed mainly by blood and myeloid progenitors, and the expression of csf1ra and csf1rb is nonoverlapping. We point out differentially expressed genes important in hematopoietic cell differentiation and immune response in selected WKM populations. Our findings could improve the understanding of myeloid cell function and lead to the further study of CSF1R pathway deregulation in disease, mostly in cancerogenesis.