bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Looking Into the Virtual Space: Teacher Perceptions of Online Graduate Music Education
Authors: Dorfman Jay , Matthews Wendy K. , Resta Craig , Venesile Christopher 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOnline study in music teacher education at the master’s degree level has existed for more than a decade, with hundreds of music teachers pursuing professional development or completing their graduate degrees in this format. The purpose of this study was to examine music teachers who have and who have not participated in online graduate music education regarding their perceptions of these programs. The conceptual theory known as connectivism (Siemens, 2005), highlighting properties of Autonomy, Diversity, Interactivity, and Openness, guided data collection and analysis. We used a quantitative survey method through a researcher-developed instrument. Distributed nationally, 807 (2.1%) respondents offered their perspectives, with analysis via rank order, correlation, and confirmatory factor analysis linked to the theoretical framework. Results suggest that teachers find value in elements of online education that include content, pedagogy, convenience and flexibility, professional development, and career advancement. With regard to the facets of connectivism, Autonomy contributed the largest amount of variance followed by Diversity, Interaction, and Openness. The results of this study warrant consideration as distance music education in graduate settings will likely continue to grow in the coming years.
A Tale of Two Cities (and Two Ways of Being Inauthentic): The Politics of College Jazz in “Official Cleveland” and in the “Other Cleveland”
Authors: Blake George 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this article, I consider how discourses of jazz authenticity register social tensions in Cleveland, Ohio. Scholars have shown that the relationship between jazz and higher education is nothing new. However, fans and musicians express conflicting impulses toward college jazz. On the one hand, college jazz presents the financial and symbolic benefits of institutional legitimacy. Many musicians are themselves college jazz graduates and teachers. On the other hand, many express an aversion grounded in the belief that real jazz happens in urban nightclubs. I argue that people mobilize authenticity to critique college jazz in order to invoke the inequality of the city’s urban past and the invisibility of its rich jazz history.
“Spiritual heirs of the great Protestants who gave their lives for Ireland”: Expanding Irish American Nationalist Landscapes, 1919–1922
Authors: Kelly Mary C. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Overshadowed by more numerous Catholic immigrant compatriots, Irish Protestants receive scant attention in histories of post-colonial Irish settlement. This neglected dimension of the ethnic history is addressed here through a nationalist organization that supported Ireland’s independence cause from an explicitly Protestant worldview. Protestant Friends of Ireland (PFI) operations reveal a more diverse and complex ethnic landscape than the historical record suggests. Despite their distancing from cultural roots across the Atlantic, ethnic Irish communities maintained interest in Ireland’s political status. This article argues that the short duration of Protestant Friends campaigns between 1919 and 1922 belies their scale and impact. Ethnic contemporaries witnessed an extensive Protestant nationalist presence in PFI crusading and active recollection of Protestant Irish patriots. PFI connections embraced by Ireland’s polarizing political principal, Éamon de Valera, assume a central role in this account, while the confluence of events in 1921 signaled a transition for America’s Irish.
Migrant Culture Maintenance: The Welsh in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 1870–1930
Authors: Tyler Robert Llewellyn 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article provides an analysis of the nature of the Welsh ethno-linguistic community in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The study considers culture maintenance and suggests that Welsh ethnic integrity was undermined by a variety of forces, primarily: occupational diversity, widespread bilingualism, high levels of exogamy, and the cessation of immigration from Wales. The article further posits that assimilation was aided by the desire of the Welsh to join mainstream American society and the generally accepted perception that they were, indeed, ideal immigrants.
Mormons and Mohammedans: Race, Religion, and the Anti-Polygamy Bar in US Immigration Law
Authors: Lim Julian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article explores the history of the little-known polygamy exclusion in the 1891 Immigration Act. Tracing the development of this polygamy restriction in the late nineteenth century, the article shows how anxieties about the European migration of Mormon converts shaped immigration legislation, which was then almost immediately redirected to regulate the migration of Turkish immigrants by the early 1900s. Racialized as “American Mohammedans,” Mormons came to embody a foreign, “uncivilized,” and semi-imperial threat for many nineteenth-century Americans. As the persecution of Mormons receded in the 1890s, however, the increasing visibility of Muslim immigrants from the Ottoman Empire fed new fears about religious difference, racial inferiority, and sexual and marital deviance. US immigration officials addressed such concerns by attempting to apply the polygamy exclusion on Turkish immigrants, but soon found themselves at the center of diplomatic tensions between US and Ottoman officials. Analyzing the imperial negotiations at play as US immigration law ran up against the power of the Ottoman Empire, the article brings deeper attention to the ways in which the policing of polygamy and “proper” marital formations were ultimately shaped by anxieties over race, religion, and empire.
Immigration Attorneys and Chinese Exclusion Law Enforcement: The Case of San Francisco, 1882–1930
Authors: Xu Tian Atlas 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article examines the historical correlations between Chinese exclusion law enforcement and the career patterns of immigration attorneys in San Francisco. Built on a rich historiography about Chinese exclusion and state formation in the United States, it views these attorneys as a unique interest group to make sense of their intermediary role between the administrative state and the transnational Chinese community. Drawing from both traditional sources and a collection recently made public by Stanford University, it looks at three groups of Euro-American lawyers who, for five decades, dominated the business of Chinese immigration legal services at the Golden Gate: lawyers from the private sector, former United States attorneys, and officials-turned-attorneys who emerged in the late 1910s. The article argues that these lawyers’ background and priorities closely corresponded and evolved with the decline of judicial review and the rise of the immigration authorities’ near-plenary power over the project of exclusion. The lawyers’ work provides fresh insights into the key paradox in the history of Chinese exclusion, that despite its constant search for efficiency, local enforcement of the exclusion laws often reduced the anti-Chinese policy to routinized, counterproductive procedures. It finds that many US attorneys and immigration inspectors who later chose to become attorneys for the Chinese had been diligent federal employees. Their shifting positions prove bureaucratic malice towards Chinese immigrants to be anything but monolithic and challenge historians’ established dichotomy between an anti-Chinese state and Chinese in America.
A Testament on the Challenges of Holding HANDS UP
Authors: Green Omiyẹmi Artisia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Due to evolving racial dynamics on the US national stage in 2020, the William & Mary Theatre production of HANDS UP: 7 PLAYWRIGHTS, 7 TESTAMENTS pivoted to an interactive conversation featuring select directors and actors. In this essay, I employ autocritography as a strategy to reflect on the process from proposal to production to pivot to conversation. I also consider the role of Black performances of trauma in a time of crisis, and the need for more equitable and inclusive educational theater environments for Black actors.
Because the movement, it’s never done
Authors: Battles Natalie , King Kathi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The South Side Community Art Center (SSCAC) is a cultural hub, meeting place, and gallery on the South Side of Chicago. The only surviving Works Progress Administration (WPA) community art center, it functions as a space for African American art, intergenerational dialogue, and as an institution for community education in the arts. In this interview with Natalie Battles, artist, activist, and former employee at the SSCAC, we learn about the center’s history and its connections with social and cultural movements, her work there, and what it is like to be a young artist involved with a long-standing institution of African American art.
Meaning, Encounter, and Reclamation: Relistening to the Appalachian Oral History Project
Authors: Sikes Scott 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Appalachian Oral History Project (AOHP) is an archive of oral histories collected in the early 1970s from thousands of residents of the Appalachian region. The project created a trove of data for scholars in multiple disciplines who were interested in studying and researching the region and its history and culture. Interviewers conducted a significant portion of the oral histories with African American residents of the region. However, in the intervening decades, researchers have done little with these histories or the larger project that they make up. What do these oral histories have to say today about African American identities in Central Appalachia and the use of oral history to confront questions of place and identity? A pilot project made use of ethnographic methods to explore these questions. Through a unique utilization of the Appalachian Oral History Project archives, the project was designed to be a conversation across time between a current resident of the region and those who long ago told their own stories of what it meant to make a life as a black American in Central Appalachia. Such a method offers a model for a more expansive project and provides direction for both a reconsideration of the uses of oral history collections and for future critical archival scholarship.
“Detroit under STRESS”: The Campaign to Stop Police Killings and the Criminal State in Detroit
Authors: McCoy Austin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
During the early 1970s, a broad-based campaign comprising liberal and radical organizations emerged to confront the Detroit Police Department’s clandestine “Stop the Robberies, Enjoy Safe Streets” (STRESS) unit. The campaign to defeat STRESS drew from a diverse set of tactics; activists organized marches, demonstrations, and political education events and engaged in movement-based lawyering, public testimony, and electoral politics. As casualties of STRESS accumulated, Detroiters framed the unit as a killer squad with the primary purpose of terrorizing Black Detroiters. The STRESS killings during the early 1970s and the movement against them made Detroit a flashpoint for debate about race, crime policy, and effective policing, with far-reaching implications for both the police and the city.
The campaign to defeat STRESS demonstrated the efficacy of Detroit’s Left during the early 1970s. The left wing of the movement, comprised of radical Black Power activists and white New Leftists, accomplished two overlapping goals. It not only helped build a vast coalition of organizations around the issue of police brutality but also, importantly, developed and articulated its own original analysis of radical criminology. Leftists critiqued the criminal state as the nexus between the state and private sector; these institutions swallowed resources and damaged lives. Challenging liberal theories of crime emphasizing individual agency, radicals advanced a structural analysis emphasizing racism’s and capitalism’s destructive impulses—deindustrialization, exploitation of workers, violent policing, and privatization, in the service of consumption and capital investment.
The Coca-Cola Games: Marketing Legacies of the Atlanta Olympic Games
Authors: Ellis Dana , Leopkey Becca 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe 1996 Summer Olympic Games in Atlanta represented a turning point in the commercial orientation of the Olympics. While arguably a commercial success, the Atlanta Games were, and continue to be, heavily criticized for their overly commercial nature. Now, more than twenty years after the Atlanta Games, this article retrospectively examines their long-term marketing legacies. Employing a qualitative case design built from a detailed document analysis using a combination of historical and contemporary sources, this article identifies key marketing and organizational events, circumstances, strategies, and challenges of the Atlanta Games and discusses how they have arguably impacted the future course of Olympic marketing and sponsorship in an effort to expand knowledge and understanding of event management-related legacies.
Wintertime Mercenaries: Contextualizing Foreign-Born Athletes at the Winter Olympics, 1924–2018
Authors: Bigalke Zachary R. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Media, fans, and International Olympic Committee president Jacques Rogge have all claimed a rising trend over the past two decades of foreign-born athletes competing at the Olympics, framing such participation as “mercenary” in nature. Previous studies have disputed popular perceptions that the Summer Olympics have seen an increased rate of foreign-born participation. Utilizing publicly available birthplace data to build a database of foreign-born representatives at the Winter Olympics between 1924 and 2018, this study fills a gap in the extant literature on sport and national identity as it pertains to elite winter sports. Critiquing the “mercenary” label in the context of international sport, this study also offers a new lens for considering the extent to which self-interest guides the decisions of foreign-born athletes and the states that elect to incorporate them onto national teams.
“Winning for Themselves, Not for Moscow”: Baltic Independence and the Olympic Games During the 1980s
Authors: Redihan Erin E. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article looks at efforts by the Baltic community in the United States to use international sport as an anti-Soviet platform during the 1980s. These efforts included campaigns involving the 1980, 1984, and 1988 Olympic Games (Summer and Winter). Using archival materials from the Baltic American Freedom League and the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, along with other primary sources, this article argues that the Baltic community was able to attract considerable publicity to their cause through the platform of international sport. The best known of these endeavors was the Ban the Soviets Coalition, a group which contributed to the Soviet Union’s boycott of the Los Angeles Summer Olympics in 1984.
The American Polonia through the Eyes of Hieronim Derdowski: A Study Based on the Wiarus Weekly Magazine, 1886–1902
Authors: Kierlańczyk Karolina 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to shed additional light on the hopes, conflicts, and struggles of the Polish diaspora in the United States in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries through an analysis of views on education, religious life, and fraternal organizations of the American Polonia presented in a popular weekly, the Wiarus, between the years 1886 and 1902. It is also to introduce Hieronim Derdowski—poet, journalist, and publisher—as a subject worthy of wider scholarly research and discussion.1
Radical Pink: The Aesthetics of Visionary Black Girlhood in Sadie Barnette’s “Dear 1968 …” and Black Sky
Authors: Hernandez Jillian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article analyzes two projects by Sadie Barnette, “Dear 1968 …” (2017) and Black Sky (2018), that draw from the 500+-page surveillance file the Federal Bureau of Investigation collected on her father Rodney Barnette, who was a member of the Black Panther Party’s chapter in Los Angeles. Barnette modifies the surveillance file with glitter paper and pink markings and situates them in immersive installations that include bedazzled family photographs and icons, such as Hello Kitty, that reference her girlhood in the 1980s. I discuss how the feminine semiotics in these projects simultaneously redact information in the FBI file to thwart the spectacularization of Black suffering, while annotating it with her decorative gestures as a form of intimate recognition for her father and Black people, as well as a Black feminist critique of white oppression and hetero-patriarchal ethno-nationalisms. I pay particular attention to how the feminine aesthetics in these works articulate Black girlhood as a site of visionary potential.
Danitra Vance’s Cabrini Green Jackson and the Performance of Black Girlishness
Authors: Crockett Destiny 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Trough analysis of comedienne Danitra Vance’s 1986 Saturday Night Live sketch performances of a 17-year-old character named Cabrini Green Harlem Watts Jackson, this paper argues that performances of Black girlishness can explicate that while anti-Black and sexist violence and domination suggest that white people do not perceive Black girls as children, there are indeed telltale indicators of Black girlishness. Educators, artists, and scholars who seek to understand and defend Black girls have made the claim that since Black girls are not perceived as children, they do not have girlhoods, and this paper’s argument complicates that claim. From Vance’s diction to her movements and sartorial choices, Cabrini Green represents the paradox of perceived innocence and perceived waywardness and womanishness, an age-old characteristic of African American girlhood as a set of experiences and as a set of ideas.
Embodied Knowledge: Poetry in Motion
Authors: Smalls Kamari 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This essay explores feelings conjured through the poetic works of June Jordan, Sonia Sanchez, Carolyn M. Rodgers, and Audre Lorde performed through dance. In an effort to stray away from dance as representation, movement in the form of dance manifests the inner feelings and memories that poetry prompts. I argue for vulnerability and the intentional giving of the self that makes this process possible and felt by the viewer. The process entails an embodied knowledge that centers the knowing of Black women, girls, and femmes: a knowing that is experiential and rooted in the body.
2323BlackLuna
Authors: cian paris cyan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
2323BlackLuna is an experimental moving image, embodied portal, honoring meditation with/in darkness, dark space. In this project, darkness serves as creative in/sight for the practice and spiritual processing of Black girl eroticism and love through dance and movement. 2323BlackLuna inundates the goings and magic of process, centering play within concepts of corporeality, liminality, and time-traveling. Alice Walker and Audre Lorde challenge, guide, and support the portal between the spiritual and the political, shaping the meditation of “love at its deepest meaning.” This work leans into Black girl imagination, contributing to Black girlhood studies, spirituality, performance, and visual arts epistemology. It is an ode to solitude; love as pleasure, a journey of the now, Black girl healing.
Radical Love Unlimited: A Biomythography
Authors: Cahill Loren 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This is an experimental text of creative nonfiction. Radical love is defined, and its trivariate dimensions are illustrated—(re)memory, ritual, and (re)imagination—through the lived and imagined experiences of the author. She engages in the genre of biomythography through the speculative mediums of letter writing, memoir, and journaling. She attempts to expand the category of Blackgirlhood and Blackgirls’ subsequent sacred pursuits of healing. This work may be used as an intervention in a wide variety of capacities, but it stands, first and foremost, as a mirror for Blackgirls to bear witness to themselves being centered, as well as another opportunity for them to also see other Blackgirls who love them. This writing is constructed for their utility.
Contrapuntal Reflections: Dominicans in the Haitian Imaginary
Authors: Ferly Odile 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In Haitian-Dominican Counterpoint (2003), Eugenio Matibag argues that the two nations of Hispaniola have developed a symbiotic relation largely ignored by scholars, who generally regard their rapport as solely conflictual. Matibag notes the responsibility of “state-sponsored” nationalist discourses in the buildup of centuries-old tensions that have shaped the sense of collective identity on the island. His close examination of the history of paninsular relations reveals a pattern of complementariness rather than competition, especially in economic terms. Matibag, however, offers a predominantly Dominican perspective on Hispaniola, as most evident in his discussion of the Haitian figure in Dominican literature. While the pivotal part played by Haitianness in the Dominican psyche has come under increasing scrutiny in recent scholarship, the analysis of the converse phenomenon has received far less attention.
This article examines the symbolic role of Dominicanness in the Haitian literary imaginary. After a succinct recapitulation of common depictions of Haitianness in the Dominican imaginary and collective identity, followed by a survey of the gendered characterization of Dominicans in Caribbean writing and societies at large, this article briefly turns to Dominican representations in Edwidge Danticat’s “Between the Pool and the Gardenias” (1993) and The Farming of Bones (1998) and then to the portrayal of the Dominican specter that figures in Gary Victor’s A l’angle des rues parallèles (2003). Perhaps unexpectedly, these Haitian texts published around the turn of the millennium illustrate in many ways the complementariness and collaboration that Matibag regards as characteristic of paninsular relations on Hispaniola.