bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimally Invasive Osteosynthesis in Elderly Osteoporotic Proximal Humerus Fractures Using J-Nailing Technique
Authors: Tathe Pankaj Vijay , Sakharkar Nilesh , Ingale Akshay Babarao 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction Proximal humerus fractures in the osteoporotic elderly population are increasing and difficult to treat. Treatment in proximal fracture fixation in elderly has changed from absolute stability to relative stability that preserves soft tissue and vascularity, thereby improving clinical outcomes.
Aims and Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcome of proximal humerus fractures in osteoporotic patients using minimally invasive J-nailing technique.
Methods and Materials A prospective observational study was done on 25 patients with proximal humerus fractures belonging to Neer's classification type 2 and 3 operated between May 2018 and June 2020 in the department of orthopaedics in tertiary health care center and treated by multiple intramedullary blunt Kirschner wires (J-nailing technique). The patients were followed up at 2, 6, 12, and 36 weeks. At the end of follow-up, clinical outcome was assessed using Neer's scoring system.
Results Treatment of proximal humerus fractures with J-nailing technique in the elderly population has shown promising results both in terms of function and radiology. Mean union time was 13.48 weeks with a standard deviation of 1.19 weeks. We did not find any significant difference in union time between patients with fracture type 2-part and 3-part. However, there was a significant difference in Neer's scoring between patients with fracture types two-part and three-part.
Conclusion Proximal humerus fracture fixation using minimally invasive techniques with J-nailing is an effective method of stabilization in elderly osteoporotic population, yielding good mechanical alignment, protecting rotator cuff muscles, preserving blood supply and predictable union rates with good clinical results.
Preoperative Histological Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasms: Is Through the Needle Forceps Sampling the Answer?
Authors: Kumar Naveen , Rana Surinder Singh 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAccurate preoperative diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) is a challenge as image-guided cytology has a very low sensitivity for its diagnosis. The recent advances in endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) such as needle confocal laser endomicroscopy and through the needle biopsy forceps has led to better characterization and diagnosis of the PCL. In this news and views, we discuss a prospective study that has evaluated the efficacy and safety of EUS-guided throughtheneedle biopsy sampling (EUS-TTNB) for diagnosis of PCLs.
Nonvenomous Snakebite in Pediatric Age Group—Wolf under a Sheep's Coat
Authors: Sahu Ranjit Kumar , Chakraborty Sourabh Shankar , K. Suresh , Gupta Sourabh 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNonvenomous snakebite, far outnumbering venomous bites, is a neglected occupational hazard in the Indian subcontinent. We encountered four cases of traditionally nonvenomous snakebite in pediatric age group with symptoms of limb swelling proximal to the bite site. All cases were found to have extensive fibrinous exudate and fibrinoid necrosis of the deeper layer of fat, deep to the intact skin and superficial layer of fat, extending far from the wound toward the proximal limb in continuity. This obscured presentation of infection and extensive necrosis of only the deeper layer of fat warrants exploratory incisions proximally for thorough debridement, underlying the normal appearing skin.
Aggressive behaviour of anti-vaxxers and their toxic replies in English and Japanese
Authors: Miyazaki Kunihiro , Uchiba Takayuki , Tanaka Kenji , Sasahara Kazutoshi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe anti-vaccine movement has gained traction in many countries since the COVID-19 pandemic began. However, their aggressive behaviour through replies on Twitter—a form of directed messaging that can be sent beyond follow-follower relationships—is less understood, and even less is known about the language use differences of this behaviour. We conducted a comparative study of anti-vaxxers’ aggressive behaviours by analysing a longitudinal dataset of COVID-19 tweets in English and Japanese. We found two common features across these languages. First, anti-vaxxers most actively transmit targeted messages or replies to users with different beliefs, especially to neutral accounts, with significantly toxic and negative language, and these replies are often directed to posts about vaccine operations. Second, influential users with many followers and verified accounts are more likely to receive the most toxic replies from the anti-vaxxers. However, pro-vaccine accounts with a few followers receive highly toxic replies in English, which is different from the Japanese case. These results provide insights into both language-dependent and independent countermeasures against anti-vaxxers’ aggressive behaviour.
Building machine learning assisted phase diagrams: Three chemically relevant examples
Authors: Telleria-Allika Xabier , Mercero Jose M. , Lopez Xabier , Matxain Jon M. 
Published: July 2022

In this work, we present a systematic procedure to build phase diagrams for chemically relevant properties by the use of a semi-supervised machine learning technique called uncertainty sampling. Concretely, we focus on ground state spin multiplicity and chemical bonding properties. As a first step, we have obtained single-eutectic-point-containing solid–liquid systems that have been suitable for contrasting the validity of this approach. Once this was settled, on the one hand, we built magnetic phase diagrams for several Hooke atoms containing a few electrons (4 and 6) trapped in spheroidal harmonic potentials. Changing the parameters of the confinement potential, such as curvature and anisotropy, and interelectronic interaction strength, we have been able to obtain and rationalize magnetic phase transitions flipping the ground state spin multiplicity from singlet (nonmagnetic) to triplet (magnetic) states. On the other hand, Bader’s analysis is performed upon helium dimers confined by spherical harmonic potentials. Covalency is studied using descriptors as the sign for Δρ(rC) and H(rC), and the dependency on the degrees of freedom of the system is studied, i.e., potential curvature ω2 and interatomic distance R. As a result, we have observed that there may exist a covalent bond between He atoms for short enough distances and strong enough confinement. This machine learning procedure could, in principle, be applied to the study of other chemically relevant properties involving phase diagrams, saving a lot of computational resources.
Radiative cooling rates of substituted PAH ions
Authors: Zhu Boxing , Bull James N. , Ji MingChao , Zettergren Henning , Stockett Mark H. 
Published: July 2022

The unimolecular dissociation and infrared radiative cooling rates of cationic 1-hydroxypyrene (OHPyr+, C16H10O+) and 1-bromopyrene (BrPyr+, C16H9Br+) are measured using a cryogenic electrostatic ion beam storage ring. A novel numerical approach is developed to analyze the time dependence of the dissociation rate and to determine the absolute scaling of the radiative cooling rate coefficient. The model results show that radiative cooling competes with dissociation below the critical total vibrational energies Ec = 5.39(1) eV for OHPyr+ and 5.90(1) eV for BrPyr+. These critical energies and implications for radiative cooling dynamics are important for astrochemical models concerned with energy dissipation and molecular lifecycles. The methods presented extend the utility of storage ring experiments on astrophysically relevant ions.
Structural signatures of
Escherichia coli
chemoreceptor signaling states revealed by cellular crosslinking
Authors: Flack Caralyn E. , Parkinson John S. 
Published: July 2022

The chemotaxis machinery of
Escherichia coli
has served as a model for exploring the molecular signaling mechanisms of transmembrane chemoreceptors known as methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs). Yet, fundamental questions about signal transmission through MCP molecules remain unanswered. Our work with the
E. coli
serine chemoreceptor Tsr has developed in vivo reporters that distinguish kinase-OFF and kinase-ON structures in the cytoplasmic methylation helix (MH) cap, which receives stimulus signals from an adjoining, membrane-proximal histidine kinase, adenylyl cyclases, MCPs, and phosphatases (HAMP) domain. The cytoplasmic helices of the Tsr homodimer interact mainly through packing interactions of hydrophobic residues at
a
and
d
heptad positions. We investigated the in vivo crosslinking properties of Tsr molecules bearing cysteine replacements at functionally tolerant
g
heptad positions in the N-terminal and C-terminal cap helices. Upon treatment of cells with bismaleimidoethane (BMOE), a bifunctional thiol-reagent, Tsr-G273C/Q504C readily formed a doubly crosslinked product in the presence of serine but not in its absence. Moreover, a serine stimulus combined with BMOE treatment during in vivo Förster resonance energy transfer–based kinase assays locked Tsr-G273C/Q504C in kinase-OFF output. An OFF-shifting lesion in MH1 (D269P) promoted the formation of the doubly crosslinked species in the absence of serine, whereas an ON-shifting lesion (G268P) suppressed the formation of the doubly crosslinked species. Tsr-G273C/Q504C also showed output-dependent crosslinking patterns in combination with ON-shifting and OFF-shifting adaptational modifications. Our results are consistent with a helix breathing-axial rotation-bundle repacking signaling mechanism and imply that in vivo crosslinking tools could serve to probe helix-packing transitions and their output consequences in other regions of the receptor molecule.
What do quantum computing students need to know about quantum physics?
Authors: Bungum Berit , Selstø Sølve 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Quantum computing is a rapidly developing technology, and we are experiencing an urgent need for experts in the field. However, there is a lack of traditions, research, and development on to what extent, and how, information technology students without a background in physics should be taught quantum physics. This paper contributes to the field by suggesting key topics in a course for information technology students on the master’s level. We have identified a core content of eight key topics, ranging from content purely from quantum physics and the formalism of quantum mechanics to its use in quantum algorithms and coding. The proposed content forms part of a master’s course developed for information technology students at Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway. By means of group interviews and questionnaires to students, the students’ experiences of the course are investigated. Results indicate that information technology students are capable, and interested in, learning quantum physics for the purpose of education in quantum computing. An integrated approach, where students learn quantum physics and quantum computing in the same course is found to work well for most students. However, as the challenge is extensive for some, it is important to make the purpose of each component of the content clear.
PDMS membrane-based flexible bi-layer microfluidic device for blood oxygenation
Authors: Narendran G , Hoque S Z , Satpathi N S , Nampoothiri K N , Sen A K 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We report the fabrication and experimental study of a flexible bi-layer microfluidic device for blood oxygenation, mimicking the thin alveolar exchange barrier constituting a lung. A facile technique is employed to fabricate the device by sandwiching a thin polymeric membrane as the gas exchange layer between two flexible microchannels. A numerical model coupling the mass, momentum, and species transport equations, is used to simulate oxygen diffusion between the blood and oxygen channels across the gas exchange membrane. The oxygen saturation is experimentally measured at different locations in the blood channel along the flow direction and compared against the simulation results, which show a very good agreement. The effect of blood and oxygen flow rates, channel height, and membrane thickness on the variations in oxygen concentration in the blood and oxygen channels and the diffusion membrane are studied. The outcome of the present study may find relevance in the development of organ-on-chip devices for blood oxygenation.
A comprehensive model for Doppler spectra in thermal atomic vapour
Authors: Bala Rajni , Ghosh Joyee , Venkataraman Vivek 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We theoretically and experimentally investigate the Doppler-broadened absorption spectrum of the D2-line (52
S
1/2 → 52
P
3/2) in thermal (room-temperature) Rb vapour over a wide range of probe intensity, probe diameter, and vapour cell temperature to understand the effect of hyperfine pumping and transit-relaxation on the absorption lineshape. We present a relatively simple but comprehensive five-level rate equation model which incorporates optical pumping of the atomic population into the other ‘dark’ ground hyperfine level (leading to absorption saturation), including contributions of the three closely spaced (within one Doppler linewidth) hyperfine levels in the excited state 52
P
3/2 (allowed by the dipole transition selection rules). D2-line transmission spectra predicted by our model show excellent agreement (rms error

<
5
%

) with the experimental data for a wide range of probe intensities (from

∼
0.001

I

s
a
t
0

all the way up to

∼
10

I

s
a
t
0

, where I
sat0 is the usual two-level saturation intensity for the respective atomic transition), vapour cell temperatures (24.2°C–53.5 °C) and beam diameters (1/e
2 width

∼
1
−
6

mm). Our model also takes into account the finite transit time of atoms across the probe beam cross-section, and correctly predicts the dependence of effective saturation intensity on probe diameter (up to

∼
10
×

lower saturation intensity as compared to I
sat0 for few-mm beam sizes). This ab initio five-level model can thus predict accurate Doppler lineshapes for any given experimental parameter set for a linearly polarized probe without any fitting parameters, and can be easily applied to any other atomic system by an appropriate change of the atomic constants in the rate equations.
The PDF4LHC21 combination of global PDF fits for the LHC Run III*
Authors: Ball Richard D , Butterworth Jon , Cooper-Sarkar Amanda M , Courtoy Aurore , Cridge Thomas , De Roeck Albert , Feltesse Joel , Forte Stefano , Giuli Francesco , Gwenlan Claire , Harland-Lang Lucian A , Hobbs T J , Hou Tie-Jiun , Huston Joey , McNulty Ronan , Nadolsky Pavel M , Nocera Emanuele R , Rabemananjara Tanjona R , Rojo Juan , Thorne Robert S , Xie Keping , Yuan C-P , The PDF4LHC Working Group  
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A precise knowledge of the quark and gluon structure of the proton, encoded by the parton distribution functions (PDFs), is of paramount importance for the interpretation of high-energy processes at present and future lepton–hadron and hadron–hadron colliders. Motivated by recent progress in the PDF determinations carried out by the CT, MSHT, and NNPDF groups, we present an updated combination of global PDF fits: PDF4LHC21. It is based on the Monte Carlo combination of the CT18, MSHT20, and NNPDF3.1 sets followed by either its Hessian reduction or its replica compression. Extensive benchmark studies are carried out in order to disentangle the origin of the differences between the three global PDF sets. In particular, dedicated fits based on almost identical theory settings and input datasets are performed by the three groups, highlighting the role played by the respective fitting methodologies. We compare the new PDF4LHC21 combination with its predecessor, PDF4LHC15, demonstrating their good overall consistency and a modest reduction of PDF uncertainties for key LHC processes such as electroweak gauge boson production and Higgs boson production in gluon fusion. We study the phenomenological implications of PDF4LHC21 for a representative selection of inclusive, fiducial, and differential cross sections at the LHC. The PDF4LHC21 combination is made available via the LHAPDF library and provides a robust, user-friendly, and efficient method to estimate the PDF uncertainties associated to theoretical calculations for the upcoming Run III of the LHC and beyond.
Radiation exposure, organ and effective dose of CT-guided liver biopsy as a function of lesion depth and size
Authors: Zensen Sebastian , Opitz Marcel Klaus , Grueneisen Johannes Stefan , Li Yan , Haubold Johannes , Steinberg Hannah Louisa , Forsting Michael , Theysohn Jens Matthias , Bos Denise , Schaarschmidt Benedikt Michael 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous biopsies play an important role in the diagnostic workup of liver lesions. Because radiation dose accumulates rapidly due to repeated image acquisition in a relatively small scan area, analysing radiation exposure is critical for improving radiation protection of CT-guided interventions. The aim of this study was to assess the radiation dose of CT-guided liver biopsies and the influence of lesion parameters, and to establish a local diagnostic reference level (DRL). In this observational retrospective cohort study, dose data of 60 CT-guided liver biopsies between September 2016 and July 2017 were analysed. Radiation exposure was reported for volume-weighted CT dose index (CTDIvol), size-specific dose estimate (SSDE), dose-length product (DLP) and effective dose (ED). Radiation dose of CT-guided liver biopsy was (median (interquartile range)): CTDIvol 9.91 mGy (8.33–11.45 mGy), SSDE 10.42 mGy (9.39–11.70 mGy), DLP 542 mGy cm (410–733 mGy cm), ED 8.52 mSv (7.17–13.25 mSv). Radiation exposure was significantly higher in biopsies of deep liver lesions compared to superficial lesions (DLP 679 ± 285 mGy cm vs. 497 ± 167 mGy cm, p = 0.0046). No significant dose differences were observed for differences in lesion or needle size. With helical CT spirals additional to the biopsy-guiding axial CT scans, radiation exposure was significantly increased: 797 ± 287 mGy cm vs. 495 ± 162 mGy cm, p < 0.0001. The local DRL is CTDIvol 9.91 mGy, DLP 542 mGy cm. Radiation dose is significantly increased in biopsies of deeper liver lesions compared with superficial lesions. Interventions with additional biopsy-guiding CT spirals lead to higher radiation doses. This study provides a detailed analysis of local radiation doses for CT-guided liver biopsies and provides a benchmark for optimising radiation protection in interventional radiology.
Multimodal convolutional neural network model with information fusion for intelligent fault diagnosis in rotating machinery
Authors: Ma Yiming , Wen Guojun , Cheng Siyi , He Xin , Mei Shuang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Accurate and efficient fault diagnosis in rotating machinery has long been important and challenging, as it strongly affects the system reliability and safety of industrial applications. In recent years, deep-learning-based methods are developing rapidly and have been widely used in different areas. However, most of them are data-driven and focus on the architecture and design of convolutional neural network (CNN) models, while neglecting the representation of information itself. The intrinsic characteristics of the signal can not fully explored. Moreover, rich multidirectional information hidden inside the signal, which is the key to improving the predictive performance of the entire fault diagnosis model, has usually been ignored. In this work, we propose a multimodal neural-network-based model to pursue feature representation more efficiently and effectively and further improve the diagnostic performance. This method innovatively combines continuous wavelet transform and symmetrized dot pattern graphs through the channel information fusion mechanism after the two-dimensional domain modal transformation of the time-domain signal. The integration of one- and two-dimensional convolutions could fully utilize the feature extraction capability of CNN for multimodal signals, thus forming a multimodal CNN architecture under two-level information fusion. The experiment results prove that the designed model can achieve better performance than the traditional single-modal CNN structure.
Rotating machinery fault diagnosis based on impact feature extraction deep neural network
Authors: Hu Aijun , Sun Junhao , Xiang Ling , Xu Yonggang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Gears and bearings are important components in rotating machinery and are crucial for the safety and operation of the whole mechanical system. Intelligent fault diagnosis methods based on deep-learning algorithms have undergone rapid development in recent years. Despite this, integrating fault features in a deep network construction remains a challenge for intelligent fault diagnosis of rotating machinery. In this paper, a novel impact feature extraction deep neural network (IFE-DN) is proposed for intelligent gear and bearing fault diagnosis. An improved three-layer Laplace wavelet kernel convolutional neural network (LW-CNN), where the Laplace wavelet kernel is designed in the first convolutional layer, is constructed to extract and enhance the impact features in the vibration signal. Using a visualized heat map, the physical meaning of the LW-CNN’s extracted features is explained and the interpretability of the network model is enhanced. The wavelet function selection in the deep neural network is also discussed. The extracted features are transferred to a primary capsule layer and a digital capsule layer. With a feature vector converting process and dynamic routing algorithm, more detailed features are optimized and the fault types are classified. Four experimental data sets from different laboratories are used to verify the performance of the proposed model, and t-distributed stochastic neighbour embedding is carried out to visually analyze the extracted features in different layers. The results of the analysis of gear and bearing faults of different types and defect sizes show that the IFE-DN presents significant accuracy and satisfactory generalization ability.
ADHM skyrmions
Authors: Cork Josh , Halcrow Chris 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe propose, via the Atiyah–Manton approximation, a framework for studying skyrmions onR3using Atiyah–Drinfeld–Hitchin–Manin (ADHM) data for Yang–Mills instantons onR4. We provide a dictionary between important concepts in the Skyrme model and analogous ideas for ADHM data, and describe an efficient process for obtaining approximate Skyrme fields directly from ADHM data. We show that the approximation successfully describes all known skyrmions with chargeB⩽8, with energies reproduced within 2% of the true minimisers. We also develop factorisation methods for studying clusters of instantons and skyrmions, generalising early work by Christ–Stanton–Weinberg, and describe some relatively large families of explicit ADHM data. These tools provide a unified framework for describing coalesced highly-symmetric configurations as well as skyrmion clusters, both of which are needed to study nuclear systems in the Skyrme model.