bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐Term Outcomes and Clinical Predictors of Mortality Following Occurrence of Stent Thrombosis
Authors: Ishihara Takayuki , Okada Katsuki , Kida Hirota , Tsujimura Takuya , Iida Osamu , Okuno Shota , Hata Yosuke , Toyoshima Taku , Higashino Naoko , Kikuchi Atsushi , Watanabe Tetsuya , Morita Takashi , Tanaka Akihiro , Shutta Ryu , Nishino Masami , Kosugi Shumpei , Ueda Yasunori , Ichibori Yasuhiro , Higuchi Yoshiharu , Sotomi Yohei , Nakamura Daisuke , Kumada Masahiro , Hikoso Shungo , Nakatani Daisaku , Mano Toshiaki , Sakata Yasushi , Date Motoo , Ozaki Tatsuhisa , Takayasu Kohtaro , Mori Naoki , Kobayashi Tomoaki , Hamanaka Yuma , Yamada Takahisa , Okamoto Naotaka , Tsuda Masaki , Nakagawa Osamu , Mizote Isamu , Yokoi Kensuke , Shiraki Tatsuya , Sato Taiki , Sunaga Akihiro , Oeun Bolrathanak , Dohi Tomoharu , Suna Shinichiro , Ohtani Tomohito , Takeda Toshihiro , Mizuno Hiroya , Matsumura Yasushi 
Published: April 2022

Background
Stent thrombosis (ST) remains a significant medical issue. In particular, longer‐term mortality and clinical predictors after ST occurrence have yet to be elucidated.

Methods and Results

This was a multicenter, retrospective, observational study. A total of 187 definite ST cases from January 2008 to December 2017 were enrolled, and the long‐term clinical outcomes were investigated. The primary outcome measure was the cumulative mortality after ST occurrence. In addition, independent predictors of mortality were assessed. Among the stent types causing ST, bare‐metal stent, first‐generation drug‐eluting stent, second‐generation drug‐eluting stent, and third‐generation drug‐eluting stent comprised 31.0%, 19.3%, 36.9%, and 6.4% of cases, respectively. Median duration from stent implantation to ST was 680.5 (interquartile range, 33.8–2450.5) days. Cumulative mortality was 14.6%, 17.4%, 21.2%, 24.4%, and 33.8% at 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 years, respectively. The cumulative mortality did not significantly differ by type of stent, and mortality of late ST was higher than that of early ST and very late ST; however, it did not reach statistical significance after the multivariate analysis. Independent predictors of mortality were hemodialysis (hazard ratio [HR], 7.80; 95% CI, 3.07–19.81;
P
<0.001), culprit lesions in the left main trunk (HR, 8.14; 95% CI, 1.71–38.75;
P
=0.008), culprit lesions in the left coronary artery (HR, 2.77; 95% CI, 1.10–6.96;
P
=0.030), and peak creatine kinase (HR, 1.017; 95% CI, 1.011–1.022;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
The 10‐year cumulative mortality after ST reached 33.8%. Close follow‐up is thus mandatory for patients with ST, especially with hemodialysis, culprit lesions in the left main trunk and left coronary artery, and high peak creatine kinase.
Effects of the Atrial Fibrillation Better Care Pathway on Outcomes Among Clinically Complex Chinese Patients With Atrial Fibrillation With Multimorbidity and Polypharmacy: A Report From the ChiOTEAF Registry
Authors: Kotalczyk Agnieszka , Guo Yutao , Stefil Maria , Wang Yutang , Lip Gregory Y. H. ,   the ChiOTEAF Registry Investigators
Published: April 2022

Background
Patients with atrial fibrillation commonly have complex clinical backgrounds of multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The Atrial Fibrillation Better Care (ABC) pathway has been developed to help deliver integrated and holistic care for patients with atrial fibrillation. In this ancillary analysis, we assessed the adherence to and the effectiveness of the ABC pathway at reducing adverse outcomes in Chinese patients with atrial fibrillation with a complex clinical background of multimorbidity or polypharmacy.

Methods and Results

The ChiOTEAF (Optimal Thromboprophylaxis in Elderly Chinese Patients With Atrial Fibrillation) registry is a prospective, multicenter, nationwide study conducted from October 2014 to December 2018. The primary outcomes of interest were the composite end point of all‐cause death and thromboembolic events, as well as individual end points of all‐cause death, thromboembolic events, and major bleeding.
Multimorbidity
was defined as the presence of ≥2 comorbidities, and
polypharmacy
was defined as the concomitant use of ≥5 medications. The eligible cohort included 4644 patients with multimorbidity, of whom 2610 (56.2%) had available data to assess the ABC pathway usage (mean age, 74.4±10.2; 42.8% women). Among patients with polypharmacy (n=2262; mean age, 74.6±10.1; 43.3% women), 1328 (58.7%) had available data to assess the use of the ABC pathway. Adherence to the ABC pathway was associated with a lower risk of the primary composite outcome among patients with multimorbidity (odds ratio, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.29–0.79) and in the polypharmacy group (odds ratio, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.19–0.78). Health‐related quality of life was lower in the non–ABC‐adherent group compared with the ABC‐treated patients.

Conclusions
This nationwide real‐world registry shows that adherence to the ABC pathway is associated with improved clinical outcomes and health‐related quality of life in clinically complex Chinese patients with atrial fibrillation with multimorbidity or polypharmacy.
Thrombus Imaging Characteristics and Outcomes in Posterior Circulation Stroke Patients Treated With EVT
Authors: Bruggeman Agnetha A.E. , Brouwer Josje , Arrarte Terreros Nerea , Boodt Nikki , den Hartog Sanne J. , Pirson F.A.V. (Anne) , Beenen Ludo F.M. , van Doormaal Pieter‐Jan , van Oostenbrugge Robert J. , Staals Julie , van Zwam Wim H. , Schonewille Wouter J. , Langezaal Lucianne C.M. , Vos Jan‐Albert , van der Lugt Aad , Dippel Diederik W.J. , Coutinho Jonathan M. , Roos Yvo B.W.E.M. , Marquering Henk A. , Emmer Bart J. , Majoie Charles B.L.M. ,   the MR CLEAN Registry investigators
Published: April 2022

Background
Contrary to anterior circulation stroke, studies on the association between thrombus imaging characteristics and outcomes are scarce in patients with posterior circulation stroke (PCS). We aimed to investigate the association of thrombus imaging characteristics with reperfusion and functional outcome in patients with PCS who underwent endovascular treatment.

Methods
In patients with PCS included in the MR CLEAN (Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in The Netherlands) Registry, thrombus imaging characteristics (thrombus density and perviousness in Hounsfield Units [HU] and thrombus length in mm) were assessed on thin‐slice imaging (<2.5 mm). Regression models were used to assess the relation between thrombus imaging characteristics, reperfusion, functional outcome (24‐hour National Institute of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] and 90‐day modified Rankin Scale score ), and safety outcomes.

Results

In 118 patients with PCS, median thrombus density and perviousness were 53 HU (interquartile range [IQR], 47–61 HU) and 4 HU (IQR, −5 to 12 HU), respectively. Median thrombus length was 23 mm (IQR, 15–43 mm). IV alteplase treatment was administered to 57/118 patients with PCS (48%) before endovascular treatment. Thrombus length was associated with 24‐hour NIHSS (adjusted β coefficient 1.4%; 95% CI 0.5%–2.1% increase of NIHSS per mm increase in thrombus length;
P
=0.002) and reperfusion (adjusted common odds ratio 0.99; 95% CI 0.97–1.00;
P
=0.049). None of the other thrombus imaging characteristics were associated with 24‐hour NIHSS or reperfusion. No thrombus characteristic was associated with 90‐day modified Rankin Scale score.

Conclusion
In our population of patients with PCS who underwent endovascular treatment, only thrombus length was associated with 24‐hour NIHSS and reperfusion. None of the thrombus imaging characteristics were associated with 90‐day functional outcome. Our findings suggest that in patients with PCS, thrombus imaging characteristics are not useful predictors for functional outcome after endovascular treatment.
Perceptual Recognition of Sound Trajectories in Space
Authors: Schumacher Federico , Espinoza Vicente , Mardones Francisca , Vergara Rodrigo , Aránguiz Alberto , Aguilera Valentina 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Sound spatialization is a technique used in various musical genres as well as in soundtrack production for films and video games. In this context, specialized software has been developed for the design of sound trajectories we have classified as (1) basic movements, or image schemas of spatial movement; and (2) archetypal geometric figures. Our contribution is to reach an understanding of how we perceive the movement of sound in space as a result of the interaction between an agent's or listener's sensory-motor characteristics and the morphological characteristics of the stimuli and the acoustic space where such interaction occurs. An experiment was designed involving listening to auditory stimuli and associating them with the aforementioned spatial movement categories. The results suggest that in most cases, the ability to recognize moving sound is hindered when there are no visual stimuli present. Moreover, they indicate that archetypal geometric figures are rarely perceived as such and that the perception of sound movements in space can be organized into three spatial dimensions—height, depth, and width—which the literature on sound localization also confirms.
Electronic Music and Generative Remixing: Improving L-Systems Aesthetics and Algorithms
Authors: Roncoroni Umberto 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Postmodern art theories, overproduction, and digital technologies are testing the creativity, innovation, and social and political engagement of art. One Dadaist solution being explored by artists is the aesthetic possibilities associated with the conceptual process. For example, in the field of electronic music, producers and DJs are claiming that remixing is a genuine example of such a creative procedure; however, to justify this claim, remixing requires the bringing of the aesthetic foundations together using digital tools. The main problem is that digital audio workstations and plug-ins enclose artists in specific frameworks that blur the boundaries between true creativity and a perception of creativity. This article sought to develop remixing codes and software using Lindenmayer systems (L-systems), which are parallel rewriting systems with a type of formal grammar. As much of their potential remains unexplored, some algorithms and interface designs were developed to improve their interactive programming options. Finally, using the programmable L-systems as a genetic metaphor, some additions to musical morphing were developed as a starting point to building a generative remixing technique.
Funding CRISPR: Understanding the role of government and philanthropic institutions in supporting academic research within the CRISPR innovation system
Authors: Fajardo-Ortiz David , Hornbostel Stefan , Montenegro de Wit Maywa , Shattuck Annie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
CRISPR/Cas has the potential to revolutionize medicine, agriculture, and biology. Understanding the trajectory of CRISPR research, how it is influenced, and who pays for it is an essential research policy question. We use a combination of methods to map, via quantitative content analysis of CRISPR papers, the research funding profile of major government agencies and philanthropic organizations and the networks involved in supporting key stages of high-influence research, namely, basic biological research and technological development. The results of the content analysis show how the research supported by the main U.S. government agencies focuses both on the study of CRISPR as a biological phenomenon and on its technological development and use as a biomedical research tool. U.S. philanthropic organizations, with the exception of HHMI, tend, by contrast, to specialize in funding CRISPR as a genome editing technology. We present a model of cofunding networks at the two most prominent institutions for CRISPR/Cas research (the University of California system and the Broad/Harvard/MIT system) to illuminate how philanthropic organizations have articulated with government agencies to cofinance the discovery and development of CRISPR/Cas. Our results raise fundamental questions about the role of the state and the influence of philanthropy over the trajectory of transformative technologies.
New York State Hurricane Hazard: History and Future Projections
Authors: Lee Chia-Ying , Sobel Adam H. , Camargo Suzana J. , Tippett Michael K. , Yang Qidong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study addresses hurricane hazard to the state of New York in past, present, and future using synthetic storms generated by the Columbia Hazard model (CHAZ) and climate inputs from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), in conjunction with historical observations. The projected influence of anthropogenic climate change on future hazard is quantified by the normalized differences in statistics of hurricane hazard between the recent historical period (1951–2005) and two future periods under the representative concentration pathway 8.5 warming scenario: the near future (2006–40) and the late-twenty-first century (2070–99). Changes in return periods of storms affecting the state at given intensities are computed, as are wind hazards for individual counties. Other storm characteristics examined include hurricane intensity, forward speed, heading, and rate of change of the heading. The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles of these characteristics mostly change by less than 3% from the historical to the near future period. In the late-twenty-first century, CHAZ projects a clear upward trend in New York hurricane intensity as a consequence of increasing potential intensity and decreasing vertical wind shear in the vicinity. CHAZ also projects a decrease in translation speed and an increasing probability of approach from the east. Changes in hurricane wind hazard, however, are epistemically uncertain because of a fundamental uncertainty in CHAZ projections of New York State hurricane frequency in which frequency either increases or decreases depending on which humidity variable is used in the environmental index that controls genesis in the model. Thus, projected changes in the wind hazards are reported separately under storylines of increasing or decreasing frequency.
Variability of Environmental Conditions for Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensification in the Western North Pacific
Authors: Shimada Udai 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
How environmental conditions vary among rapidly intensifying tropical cyclones (TCs) and which factors can help offset negative factors for intensification were examined using a dataset of geostationary satellites and environmental diagnostics. The dataset contains TCs in the western North Pacific from 1995 to 2020. A cluster analysis was performed to classify different morphologies of TC cloud patterns at the onset of rapid intensification (RI). Six clusters were identified, and each cluster had a distinct set of environmental conditions. Three clusters (clusters 1, 3, and 5) had some conditions unfavorable for RI. Cluster 1 TCs were exposed to moderate vertical (850–200 hPa) shear (∼6 m s−1). Relatively high sea surface temperature, a moist environment, and movement toward environments with weak vertical shear, high equivalent potential temperature, and high ocean heat content are potential factors that resist the effects of vertical shear. Cluster 3 TCs were characterized by a large 30-kt wind radius and moderate vertical shear (1 kt ≈ 0.51 m s−1). Large storm size and a moist environment caused by large-scale, strong, low-level convergence are possible factors for vortex resiliency against shear. Cluster 5 TCs were located in a very dry environment. Weak vertical shear and small storm size are factors that may offset the negative effects of dry air and ocean cooling. The results suggest that in the case of RI with negative conditions for intensification, other factors can offset the negative impacts of those conditions and that suitable combinations of environmental conditions and TC structural features are important for RI.
The Seasonal Cycle of Surface Soil Moisture
Authors: Stahl Mason O. , McColl Kaighin A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The seasonal cycle contributes substantially to soil moisture temporal variability in many parts of the world, with important implications for seasonal forecasting relevant to agriculture and the health of humans and ecosystems. There is considerable spatial variability in the seasonal cycle of soil moisture, yet a lack of global observations has hindered the development of parsimonious theories explaining that variability. Here, we use 6 years of global satellite observations to describe and explain the seasonal cycle of surface soil moisture globally. An unsupervised clustering algorithm is used to identify five distinct seasonal cycle regimes. Each seasonal cycle regime typically arises in both hemispheres, on multiple continents, and across substantially different local climates. To explain this spatial variability, we then show that the observed seasonal cycle regimes are reproduced very well by a simple but physically based water balance model, which only uses precipitation and downwelling surface shortwave radiation as inputs, and includes no free parameters. Surprisingly, no information on vegetation or land cover is required. To our knowledge, this is the first characterization of the seasonal cycle of surface soil moisture based on global observations.
Improved Quantification of the Rate of Ocean Warming
Authors: Cheng Lijing , Foster Grant , Hausfather Zeke , Trenberth Kevin E. , Abraham John 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere create an increase in Earth’s thermal energy, which is mainly stored in the ocean. Quantification of the rate of increase in ocean heat content (OHC) is vital for understanding the current and future climate of Earth. Linear trend lines have been frequently used to quantify long-term rates of change, but are inappropriate because they cannot capture nonlinearity in trends, have large start- and end-point sensitivity, and the assumption of linearity is nonphysical. Here observed and model-based linear regressions with higher-order polynomial (quadratic), piecewise linear, and locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOWESS) are compared. Piecewise linear and LOWESS perform best in depicting multidecadal trends. It is shown that linear rates are valid for up to about 15-yr segments (i.e., it is valid to compute linear rates within a 15-yr time window). Using the recommended methods, ocean warming for the upper 2000 m increases from about 0 to 0.06 ± 0.08 W m−2 for 1958–73 to 0.58 ± 0.08 W m−2 for 2003–18, indicating an acceleration of ocean warming that happens in all four ocean basins and from near the sea surface to 2000 m. There is consistency between multimodel-mean historically forced climate models and observations, which implies that the contribution of internal variability is small for global 0–2000 m OHC. Notable increases of OHC in the upper ocean (i.e., 0–300 m) after about 1980 and the deeper ocean (300–2000 m) after the late 1980s are also evident. This study suggests alternative methods to those currently used to estimate ocean warming rates to provide a more accurate quantification of long-term Earth’s energy changes.

Significance Statement
Quantifying long-term rates of change is needed to understand the time evolution of ocean warming and to assess the changing ocean and Earth’s energy budgets. Linear trend lines have been frequently used but cannot capture nonlinearity in trends, and have large start- and end-point sensitivity. Based on an analysis of the statistical features of ocean heat content time series, this study proposes two alternative methods to quantify the rates of change, including piecewise linear fit and LOWESS. Robust increases in warming for the upper 2000 m detected through observational records and climate models from 1958 to 2020, indicate a robust acceleration of ocean warming. Slow penetration of heat from the upper ocean into the deeper ocean is also evident.
Evaluation and Improvement of a TKE-Based Eddy-Diffusivity Mass-Flux (EDMF) Planetary Boundary Layer Scheme in Hurricane Conditions
Authors: Chen Xiaomin , Bryan George H. , Hazelton Andrew , Marks Frank D. , Fitzpatrick Pat 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Accurately representing boundary layer turbulent processes in numerical models is critical to improve tropical cyclone forecasts. A new turbulence kinetic energy (TKE)-based moist eddy-diffusivity mass-flux (EDMF-TKE) planetary boundary layer scheme has been implemented in NOAA’s Hurricane Analysis and Forecast System (HAFS). This study evaluates EDMF-TKE in hurricane conditions based on a recently developed framework using large-eddy simulation (LES). Single-column modeling tests indicate that EDMF-TKE produces much greater TKE values below 500-m height than LES benchmark runs in different high-wind conditions. To improve these results, two parameters in the TKE scheme were modified to ensure a match between the PBL and surface-layer parameterizations. Additional improvements were made by reducing the maximum allowable mixing length to 40 m based on LES and observations, by adopting a different definition of boundary layer height, and by reducing nonlocal mass fluxes in high-wind conditions. With these modifications, the profiles of TKE, eddy viscosity, and winds compare much better with LES results. Three-dimensional idealized simulations and an ensemble of HAFS forecasts of Hurricane Michael (2018) consistently show that the modified EDMF-TKE tends to produce a stronger vortex with a smaller radius of maximum wind than the original EDMF-TKE, while the radius of gale-force wind is unaffected. The modified EDMF-TKE code produces smaller eddy viscosity within the boundary layer compared to the original code, which contributes to stronger inflow, especially within the annulus of 1–3 times the radius of maximum wind. The modified EDMF-TKE shows promise to improve forecast skill of rapid intensification in sheared environments.
Prevalence of Undernutrition and Its Associated Factors Among Lactating Women in the Shebedino District, Sidama Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Hechera Yonas , Dona Aregahegn 
Published: April 2022

Background: Ensuring the nutritional status of lactating women is crucial to prevent maternal morbidity and mortality in poor countries like Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of undernutrition and its associated factors among lactating women in Shebedino district, Sidama Regional State, Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 612 lactating women from February to March 2020. Data were collected by using an interviewer-administered, structured, and pretested questionnaire. Also, physical measurements (weight, height, and body mass index) were measured by using standardized and calibrated instruments. Data entered into Epi data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 23 for further analysis. Descriptive statistics, bivariable, and multivariable logistic regression analysis were done. A P-value of ≤.05 was used to consider the statistical significance. Result: The prevalence of undernutrition was 25.9% (95% CI: 22.5, 29.5). Having polygamous husband (AOR = 3.47, 95% CI: 1.13, 10.68), belonged to households with less than 5 members (AOR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.16, 2.83), abortion history in the last 6 months (AOR = 3.09, 95% CI: 1.73, 5.51), poor household wealth status (AOR = 3.85, 95% CI: 1.89, 7.81), and medium wealth status (AOR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.06, 4.03) were factors positively associated with undernutrition. Conclusion: Undernutrition among lactating women was high in the study area. Attention should be given to the economic status of the women, family planning services, abortion prevention, and habits of marrying more than 1 wife (polygamy).