bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studying Interstellar Turbulence Driving Scales Using the Bispectrum
Authors: O’Brien Michael J. , Burkhart Blakesley , Shelley Michael J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We demonstrate the utility of the bispectrum, the Fourier three-point correlation function, for studying driving scales of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence in the interstellar medium. We calculate the bispectrum by implementing a parallelized Monte Carlo direct measurement method, which we have made publicly available. In previous works, the bispectrum has been used to identify nonlinear scaling correlations and break degeneracies in lower-order statistics like the power spectrum. We find that the bicoherence, a related statistic which measures phase coupling of Fourier modes, identifies turbulence-driving scales using density and column density fields. In particular, it shows that the driving scale is phase-coupled to scales present in the turbulent cascade. We also find that the presence of an ordered magnetic field at large scales enhances phase coupling as compared to a pure hydrodynamic case. We therefore suggest the bispectrum and bicoherence as tools for searching for non-locality for wave interactions in MHD turbulence.
Validations and Corrections of the SFD and Planck Reddening Maps Based on LAMOST and Gaia Data
Authors: Sun Yang , Yuan Haibo , Chen Bingqiu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Precise correction of dust reddening is fundamental to obtain the intrinsic parameters of celestial objects. The Schlegel et al. (SFD) and the Planck 2D extinction maps are widely used for reddening correction. In this work, using accurate reddening determinations of about 2 million stars from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) Data Release 5 and Gaia DR2, we check and calibrate the SFD and Planck maps in the middle and high Galactic latitudes. The maps show similar precision in reddening correction. We find small yet significant spatially dependent biases for the four maps, which are similar between the SFD and Planck2014-R maps, and between the Planck2014-Tau and Planck2019-Tau maps. The biases show a clear dependence on the dust temperature and extinction for the SFD and Planck2014-R maps. While those of the Planck2014-Tau and Planck2019-Tau maps have a weak dependence on the dust temperature, they both strongly depend on the dust spectral index. Finally, we present corrections of the SFD and Planck extinction maps within the LAMOST footprint, along with empirical relations for corrections outside the LAMOST footprint. Our results provide important clues for the further improvement of the Galactic all-sky extinction maps and lay a significant foundation for accurate extinction correction in the era of precision astronomy.
Anisotropy of Halo Main Sequence Turnoff Stars Measured with New MMT Radial Velocities and Gaia Proper Motions
Authors: King Charles , Brown Warren R. , Geller Margaret J. , Kenyon Scott J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We measure the anisotropy of the Milky Way stellar halo traced by a dense sample of 18 < r < 21 mag F-type main sequence turnoff stars using Gaia eDR3 proper motions and new radial velocity measurements published here.
Prostitution des mineurs : de quoi parlons-nous ? Et de qui ?
Authors: Wallaert Bérengère , Millet Margaux 
Published: May 2022

Résumé Il est difficile de définir la réalité de la prostitution des mineurs en France. Les statistiques manquent, en partie car il n’est pas facile de s’accorder sur ce qu’on entend par prostitution. Le cadre légal permet de creuser cette définition, il est intéressant de l’explorer. Pour autant il ne contient pas l’ensemble des conduites liées à la marchandisation du corps sexualisé. Qui sont ces adolescents ? On reconnait ces jeunes victimes à certains comportements typiques. Ils portent en général les traces d’un traumatisme antérieur. Ces adolescents refusent de se considérer victime de prostitution, et utilisent d’autres termes comme « michetonnage », et en effet leur mode de prostitution se distingue souvent de celui de leurs aînés, en particulier par un usage des réseaux sociaux à toutes les étapes.
Les essaims cognitifs, arme informationnelle des démocraties
Authors: Chauvancy Raphaël 
Published: May 2022

L’information est une arme essentielle dans les crises avec des approches très différentes entre les démocraties et les régimes autoritaires. Ceux-ci instrumentalisent l’information à des fins de désinformation. À l’inverse, les démocraties peuvent se renforcer et contrer la menace en demeurant ouvertes.
L’enseignement de défense : nouvelles proximités universités et académies militaires
Authors: de Langlois Maurice , de Kaniv Nathalie 
Published: May 2022

L’enseignement de défense – longtemps l’apanage des seuls militaires – est entré dans le monde académique tant français qu’européen. De nombreuses initiatives se développent contribuant à une meilleure approche des enjeux stratégiques avec des évolutions certaines au regard du conflit en Ukraine.
Les nouveaux territoires de l’agrobusiness
Authors: Samon Kartini 
Published: May 2022

En mars 2019 s’est tenue à Bangkok une rencontre internationale de mouvements sociaux consacrée à la « justice numérique 2 ». Une soixantaine d’activistes et universitaires, issus du monde entier, y ont participé. Cédric Leterme, chargé d’étude au Centre tricontinental s’y est entretenu avec Kartini Samon, chercheuse et représentante pour l’Asie d’une organisation active auprès des mouvements paysans mobilisés pour la souveraineté alimentaire.
Las Novelas en verso de Cristóbal de Tamariz, ecos medievales y folclóricos
Authors: Lacarra María Jesús 
Published: May 2022

En el artículo se presenta un estado de la cuestión en torno a las Novelas en verso de Cristóbal de Tamariz, un corpus todavía discutido, tanto por el número de textos como por sus fuentes. Se rastrean los modelos medievales de los relatos 4, 7 y 5, para detenerse en la novela 15 («El torneo»). Al hipotexto principal (novella iii, 4 de Le piacevoli notti de Giovan Francesco Straparola) se le superpone el recuerdo de la tradición folclórica, lo que explica algunos cambios.
Expressivity of ABO antigens and increased predisposition for periodontal disease
Authors: Babu J Suresh , Joyshree C , Swarnalatha C , Alshammari Tayf Naif Radhi , Kranthi Kosuru , Kolte Deepak R. , Alshammari Mohammad Saafaq , Alshammari Fatma Ayyad , Nayyar Abhishek Singh 
Published: May 2022

Context
and aim Association between certain systemic diseases and ABO antigens is a well-known fact. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is any association between periodontal disease and ABO blood group antigens.

Materials and methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out on 200 subjects who were randomly selected from individuals referred for periodontal treatment. The study subjects were segregated into healthy gingiva/mild gingivitis (Group I), moderate/severe gingivitis (Group II) and varying grades of periodontitis groups (Group III), based on Loe and Silness index and clinical attachment loss as the criteria. The study groups were, further, categorized and graded using the Ramfjord's periodontal disease index. Blood samples were collected to identify ABO blood groups.

Statistical analysis used
Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) while the χ
2 test was used for statistical analysis. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
The findings of the present study suggested that patients with blood group antigens O and B were more predisposed to develop periodontitis with at least one side with attachment loss of more than 3 mm and with a periodontal pocket depth of more than 4 mm (P<0.001).

Conclusion
There is a correlation existing between periodontal disease and ABO blood group antigens as far as this region was concerned. This association could be explained by the various blood group antigens acting as receptors for infectious agents associated with periodontal disease. This broad correlation between periodontal disease and ABO blood group antigens pointed toward the susceptibility of the subjects with certain blood groups to periodontal disease.
Hemoglobin scavenger receptor (cluster of differentiation 163) role in acute leukemia
Authors: Salah Mohamed Hossam El Din , Eissa Mohamed 
Published: May 2022

Background
Cluster of differentiation 163 (CD163) is a biomarker correlated with several normal and pathological states.

Aim
This work was carried out to evaluate the expression of CD163 in patients with acute leukemia.

Patients and methods
The study was carried out on 50 participants divided into three groups: 10 apparently normal healthy individuals, 30 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and 10 patients with acute lymphoid leukemia. All participants were subjected to a thorough history and clinical examination. Becton–Dickinson Calibur FACScan color multiparameter flow cytometry was used for the detection of CD163 expression in patients with acute leukemia.

Results
There was a significant difference in CD163 expression between AML and acute lymphoid leukemia (F=7.83) (P=0.001). CD163 expression was not observed in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, it was expressed in 14 patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia. Five patients were diagnosed as M4, and all of them (100%) showed positive expression of CD163. Eight patients were diagnosed as M5, and all of them (100%) showed positive expression of CD163. However, CD163 was expressed in only one case among 17 patients with AML subtypes other than M4/M5. There was a significant difference between monocytic and nonmonocytic leukemic patients regarding CD163 expression (P<0.001). There was a strong correlation between CD163 and other markers predominantly found in monocytic leukemia such as CD14 (r=0.8) (P<0.001), CD15 (r=6.43) (P<0.001), and CD64 (r=0.82) (P<0.001).

Conclusion
CD163 was exclusively expressed on the monocytic and myelomonocytic leukemia, so it can be used for the diagnosis of the monocytic type of AML. Although it cannot be used as a prognostic marker, it could be a novel immunotherapeutic intervention for acute monocytic and myelomonocytic leukemia.
In vitro comparison of the cytotoxic effects of lenalidomide alone and in combination with verapamil on myeloma cell line
Authors: Tastemur Şeyma , Şencan Mehmet , Terzi Hatice , Ergül Merve , Taştemur Mercan 
Published: May 2022

Introduction
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant hematological disease characterized by monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells. High-dose chemotherapy with novel agents and autologous stem cell transplantation are options for treatment. However, MM treatment generally results in failure. The most important reason for this failure is the resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Various studies have been tried to combine chemosensitizer agents that increase the cytotoxic effects of the chemotherapeutics to eliminate the drug resistance. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of verapamil on the cytotoxic effect of lenalidomide on the myeloma cell line.

Materials and methods
Verapamil is a chemosensitizer that suppresses the P-glycoprotein. In our study, lenalidomide, an immunomodulatory agent, was compared alone and in combination with verapamil for cytotoxic effects. U266 MM cell line was used in the study. At the concentrations of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 50, and 100 µM, lenalidomide alone and the combination of lenalidomide at the same concentrations with 2.5 µg/ml of verapamil were compared in terms of possible cytotoxic properties. Cell viability was measured by XTT (2,3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino) carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide) test.

Results
A statistically significant decrease in the inhibitor concentration, causing 50% decrease in cell proliferation (IC50) of lenalidomide, was provided via verapamil administration. Our study revealed that the cytotoxic effect of lenalidomide increases when combined with verapamil.

Conclusion
We aimed to understand whether the cytotoxic effect of lenalidomide, which has an important place in the treatment of MM, can be increased with an easily available drug such as verapamil. We think that more studies and meta-analyses are needed owing to the different results related to the subject in the literature, and we hope to set an example for new studies.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome during management of hematological disorders
Authors: Gupta Gopila , Seth Tulika , Garg Vikas , Kumar Pawan , Naranje Priyanka , Agrawal Arpit , Mahapatra Manoranjan , Aggarwal Mukul 
Published: May 2022

Background
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a disorder of reversible subcortical vasogenic brain edema with acute neurological symptoms. Diagnosis of PRES is based on exclusion, and treatment consists of symptomatic management.

Aims
To study the clinical features, radiological findings, and outcomes of PRES in patients with hematological disorders.

Patients and methods
Case files of patients diagnosed with PRES from January 2016 to November 2019 were reviewed. PRES was diagnosed based on clinical features and MRI findings. Primary diagnosis, clinical history, vital signs, laboratory parameters, treatment summary, and neuroimaging findings were recorded.

Results
A total of 16 patients were diagnosed with PRES. Their median age was 7 years (range, 2–25 years). A total of 12 patients had acute lymphoblastic leukemia, who were on induction phase, two patients had aplastic anemia, and one each had acute myeloid leukemia and beta-thalassemia major. All patients had hypertension and 15 had seizures as initial presentation of PRES. Overall, 12 patients had bilateral subcortical white matter hyperintensity on T2 in occipital and parietal lobes on MRI. All patient recovered, except one, who had residual neurological deficit. All patients were restarted on the disease therapy once the patients were stabilized. No recurrences were observed.

Conclusion
Early recognition of PRES may help initiate timely treatment and reduce morbidity and mortality. Implicating agents may be withheld during the symptomatic period. Its management is symptomatic, and therapy may be restarted once patient is clinically stable. Its prognosis is favorable, but some patients may have residual neurological deficit.
A bibliometric analysis of global research performance on tuberculosis (2011–2020): Time for a global approach to support high-burden countries
Authors: Abdullah Muhammad , Humayun Ayesha , Imran Muhammad , Bashir Muhammad A. , Malik Ahmad A. 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND:
Tuberculosis (TB) is a persistent public health issue requiring consistent global effort for its eradication and control. Research on the subject plays a vital role in combatting the disease, giving future directions, and meeting the sustainable development goals (SDGs). This study aimed to evaluate the global TB research trends and performance from 2011 to 2020.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
All the data for TB-related research publications from 2011 to 2020 were extracted from the Web of Science database and a comprehensive analysis was performed on the R-bibliometrix package.

RESULTS:
An increasing number of publications with an annual growth rate of 6.32% and a plateau in production from 2015 to 2018 was observed. Of 145 countries, the United States of America (USA), China, India, the United Kingdom, and South Africa led and made up half of the global contribution. Out of 91,862 authors, Zhang Y was the most productive with 205 articles and Barry CE had the highest H-index of 45. Only seven of the top 20 authors were from high-burden countries. The University of Cape Town was the leading institutional affiliation, followed by Stellenbosch University and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. The most frequent international collaboration was between the USA and South Africa, occurring on 1203 instances. Only five of the top 30 high-burden countries were present in the top 30 collaborations. PLOS ONE, disseminating 2271 articles, was the most productive out of 3500 sources.

CONCLUSION:
The past decade has seen a steady increase in global TB research. Prominent authors, affiliations, and countries showed collaborative trends, but publications were found to be mostly from developed, low-burden countries except China, India, and South Africa. To meet the goals set by the SDGs and the WHO End TB Strategy, high-burden countries need to explore feasible opportunities and global support to enhance their expected TB-related research contributions.
Evaluation of microalbuminuria in obesity phenotypes
Authors: Alagh Arzoo R. , Shukla Samarth , Acharya Sourya , Vagha Sunita , Dhingra Loveleen 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND:
Obesity is a universal health issue of the present time. Nearly 2 billion people were estimated to be either overweight or obese in 2020, with nearly 3.4 million deaths worldwide. Proteinuria is now widely known to be a significant predictor of renal pathologies including end-stage renal disease. This study aimed to assess the relationship between the presence of microalbuminuria (MA) in obese individuals.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This cross-sectional study was conducted among patients attending the outpatient department of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha. From the subjects meeting the study criteria, selected 150 individuals with BMI ≥ 25 that formed the obese group. Obese individuals were further subdivided as metabolic healthy obese (MHO) and metabolic abnormal obese (MAO) based on metablic syndrome criteria. From the non-obese patients (BMI≤25), one age and gender matched control was selected for each obese subject. All subjects were tested for MA by dipstick method. Data was analyzed using SPSS and Chi-square test was performed to test for statistical significance.

RESULTS:
The study reflected the association of MA in the groups studied. The metabolic abnormal obese group was noted as having the highest percentage of positive cases (53.7%) of MA, followed by the MHO group (31.3%). A significant association of prevalence of MA was seen in MHO and MAO obese individuals (P < 0.001). MA was present in the urine samples of 26 (31.3%) obese subjects in the MHO group, 36 (53.7%) in the MAO group, and 8 (5.3%) in the control population.

CONCLUSION:
Both MHO and MAO subgroups of obese individuals showed higher proportion of MA indicating adverse renal function. Therefore, primary prophylactic measures such as health education and lifestyle modification should be promoted for the obese to reduce their body weight and thereby possibly reduce the risk of future obesity-related renal complications.
Prevalence of restless legs syndrome in pregnant women in Oman and its effect on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes
Authors: Al Shidhani Asma S. , Al Rawahi Naama A. , Al Yahiyai Zuwaina K. , Masood Imrana , Al Saadi Zainab A. , Al Shukaili Samah S. , Rizvi Sayed G. , Jose Sachin 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND:
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common sensorimotor disorder during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of RLS and explore the associated risk factors and outcomes in Omani women in the first and third trimester and at 2-week postpartum.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This cross-sectional study included 305 pregnant women visiting four health centers in Muscat between May 2018 and October 2020. A structured questionnaire was used and data were collected through review of electronic records and face-to-face interviews. The International RLS Study Group criteria were used to diagnose RLS. Participants were interviewed during their first trimester, their third trimester, and at their 2-week postpartum visit. Results were presented as means and standard deviations or percentages, as appropriate. To assess the association between RLS and various variables, unpaired t-test or McNemar’s test were used, as appropriate.

RESULTS:
The mean age at baseline was 29.8 ± 5.28 years. The prevalence of RLS was significantly higher in the third trimester (41.0%) than in the first trimester (15.7%) and postpartum period (15.1%) (P < 0.001), although there was no significant difference in severity. Family history and personal history of RLS were the only independent correlates of RLS (P < 0.001 and 0.002, respectively). No associations were noted with pregnancy and neonatal outcomes or other comorbidities, including anemia. However, there was a significant relationship between the development of RLS and weight gain during pregnancy (P = 0.023).

CONCLUSION:
One in six pregnant Omani women may be at risk of RLS during the first trimester, while one in 2–3 may be at risk in the third trimester, particularly those with a personal or family history of RLS and those who gain >12 kg during pregnancy.
Hesitancy for influenza vaccine among healthcare workers and mothers of preschool children: A cross-sectional study in Zagazig, Egypt
Authors: Hussein Yasmin H. H. , Ibrahim Mona H. , Badran Shahenda G. , Eldeeb Seham M. 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND:
Vaccine hesitancy is a worldwide issue. To intensify our efforts to find a solution to this problem, we need to comprehend its magnitude and underlying causes. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of influenza vaccine hesitancy and the reasons for it among healthcare workers (HCWs) and mothers of preschool children attending Zagazig Maternal and Child Healthcare (MCH) Center, Sharqia Governorate.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Zagazig MCH Center involving 77 HCWs and 210 mothers of preschool children. Two validated questionnaires (one for HCWs and one for mothers of preschool children) were used to collect data on hesitancy to influenza vaccine. Data analysis perfomed using SPSS v 25.0. For quantitative variables, statistical significance was determined using t-test, whereas Chi-square test was employed for quantitative variables. Poisson regression model was used to determine the independent predictors of influenza vaccine hesitancy. P < 0.05 was used as a level of statistical significance.

RESULTS:
The prevalence of hesitancy to the influenza vaccine was 46.8% among HCWs and 54.3% among mothers of preschool children. Fear of side effects (42.9%) and doubt in the usefulness of the vaccine (42.1%) were the most frequent barriers. Hesitancy was significantly more prevalent in the negative-attitude HCWs (62.0%) than positive-attitude HCWs (18.5%). According to Poisson regression analysis, the age of the index child, the mothers’ source of information, and the frequency of vaccination were the critical indicators of influenza vaccine hesitancy in the studied mothers.

CONCLUSION:
Influenza vaccine hesitancy among the studied sample is high (46.8% among HCWs, and 54.3% among mothers of preschool children). Periodic health education campaigns to increase awareness and change the negative attitude about the influenza vaccine are recommended.
Effect of welding current on the microstructure and corrosion of discrete arced weld droplets deposited on sugarcane roller shells
Authors: Buchanan Vernon Everett 
Published: May 2022

This paper reports on the relationship between the arcing current and the microstructural and corrosion behavior of discrete weld droplet deposited on sugar mill roller shells made from grey cast iron during hardfacing in a typical sugarcane factory. Hardfaced droplet deposits were removed from three simulated roller shells, which were arced with different current, and subjected to porosity, microhardness and corrosion tests. The results revealed that the percentage porosity, microhardness value and corrosion rate significantly depended on the welding current; the rate of corrosion generally increased with a decrease in porosity and an increase in microhardness.