bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Household livelihood diversification in rural Africa
Authors: Musumba Mark , Palm Cheryl A. , Komarek Adam M. , Mutuo Patrick K. , Kaya Bocary 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDiversification is a common livelihood strategy for rural households in developing countries, with diversification being either a choice or necessity depending on individual household contexts. Using two waves of data (from 2009 and 2011) for 1773 households from eight countries in sub‐Saharan Africa, we examined livelihood diversification and its drivers. We examined livelihood diversification by considering household involvement in three livelihood activities: crop, livestock, and non‐farm. Results indicated that 40% of households conducted all three livelihood activities, but there was heterogeneity in diversity levels. We used a correlated random effects model to identify the factors that pushed or pulled households to diversify their activities. Access to non‐agricultural credit was positively associated with livelihood diversity as it can catalyze involvement in non‐farm activities. Drought had a negative effect on livelihood diversity. Area of crop land had a positive effect on the number of livelihood activities conducted. We found that 53% of households added or removed at least one livelihood activity between 2009 and 2011, and the addition of non‐farm activities was the most common change. Our results demonstrated the dynamic nature of livelihoods and importance of shocks (such as drought) and resource endowments (land) in understanding household livelihood diversification.
Co‐testing in cervical screening among 40‐ to 42‐year‐old women is unreasonable
Authors: Borgfeldt Christer , Leksell Anneli , Forslund Ola 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe screening program for cervical cancer in Sweden recommends the use of primary human papillomavirus (HPV) screening for women aged ≥30 to 65 years. Co‐testing with both HPV analysis and cytology is recommended at the first screening after the age of 40 years. To fulfil co‐testing, all screened women aged 40–42 years within the region of Skåne were co‐tested. The aim of the audit was to investigate the proportion of severe dysplasia as diagnosed by cytology and histological follow‐up among women with Aptima HPV‐negative tests. We also calculated the cost of adding the cytology to the HPV primary screening program.Material and MethodsThe local cytology registry was used to identify women aged 40–42 years who attended screening and were co‐tested during the 4 years from January 2017 to December 2020. The Aptima HPV messenger RNA assay detects 14 HPV types. For Aptima HPV‐negative women with high‐grade cytology or histological high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs), we performed extended HPV typing for 40 HPV types with polymerase chain reaction using modified GP5+/6+ primers followed by a Luminex assay. To estimate the added cost of using cytology to identify each histologically confirmed cervical HSIL case among Aptima HPV‐negative women, we used the current cost of €21.2 per cytology evaluation at our laboratory.ResultsOf 19 599 women, 5.8% (1137/19 599) had abnormal cytology. Among Aptima HPV‐negative women, 0.11‰ (2/18 132) had histologically confirmed HSIL. One of the women was infected with HPV18 and the other with HPV73 at the diagnosis of HSIL. The calculated cost to find one HSIL, by adding cytology to HPV‐negative cases, was approximately €200 000.ConclusionsThe clinical benefit of a single cytology co‐test added to an HPV‐based screening program in women aged 40–42 years appears doubtful and economically unreasonable.
Celebrities in the heart, strangers in the pancreatic beta cell: Voltage‐gated potassium channels Kv7.1 and Kv11.1 bridge long QT syndrome with hyperinsulinaemia as well as type 2 diabetes
Authors: Lubberding Anniek F. , Juhl Christian R. , Skovhøj Emil Z. , Kanters Jørgen K. , Mandrup‐Poulsen Thomas , Torekov Signe S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractVoltage‐gated potassium (Kv) channels play an important role in the repolarization of a variety of excitable tissues, including in the cardiomyocyte and the pancreatic beta cell. Recently, individuals carrying loss‐of‐function (LoF) mutations in KCNQ1, encoding Kv7.1, and KCNH2 (hERG), encoding Kv11.1, were found to exhibit post‐prandial hyperinsulinaemia and episodes of hypoglycaemia. These LoF mutations also cause the cardiac disorder long QT syndrome (LQTS), which can be aggravated by hypoglycaemia. Interestingly, patients with LQTS also have a higher burden of diabetes compared to the background population, an apparent paradox in relation to the hyperinsulinaemic phenotype, and KCNQ1 has been identified as a type 2 diabetes risk gene. This review article summarizes the involvement of delayed rectifier K+ channels in pancreatic beta cell function, with emphasis on Kv7.1 and Kv11.1, using the cardiomyocyte for context. The functional and clinical consequences of LoF mutations and polymorphisms in these channels on blood glucose homeostasis are explored using evidence from pre‐clinical, clinical and genome‐wide association studies, thereby evaluating the link between LQTS, hyperinsulinaemia and type 2 diabetes.
Physiological plateaus during normal labor and birth: A scoping review of contemporary concepts and definitions
Authors: Weckend Marina , Davison Clare , Bayes Sara 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundPhysiological plateaus (slowing, stalling, pausing) during normal labor and birth have been reported for decades, but have received limited attention in research and clinical practice. To date, heterogeneous conceptualizations and terminology have impeded effective communication and research in this area, raising concern as to whether some physiological plateaus might be misinterpreted as dystocia. To address this issue, we provide a point of orientation, mapping contemporary concepts, and terminologies of physiological plateaus during normal labor and birth.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review, considering published and unpublished reports of physiological plateaus, reported in any language, between 1990 and 2021. Database searches of CINAHL, EMBASE, Emcare, MIDIRS, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Open Grey yielded 1,953 records, with an additional 35 reports identified by hand searching. In total, 43 reports from eleven countries were included in this scoping review.ResultsConceptualizations of physiological plateaus are heterogeneous and can be allocated to six conceptual groups: cervical reversal or recoil, plateaus, lulls during transition, “rest and be thankful” stage, deceleration phase, and latent phases. Across included material, we identified over 60 different terms referring to physiological plateaus. Overall, physiological plateaus are reported across the entire continuum of normal labor and birth.ConclusionsPhysiological plateaus may be an essential mechanism of self‐regulation of the mother‐infant dyad, facilitating feto‐maternal adaptation and preventing maternal and fetal distress during labor and birth.
Treatment patterns and survival in advanced unresectable esophageal squamous cell cancer: A population‐based study
Authors: Pape Marieke , Vissers Pauline A.J. , de Vos‐Geelen Judith , Hulshof Maarten C.C.M. , Gisbertz Suzanne S. , Jeene Paul M. , van Laarhoven Hanneke W.M. , Verhoeven Rob H.A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractData on treatment and survival of patients with advanced unresectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) from Western populations are limited. Here we describe treatment and survival in patients with advanced unresectable ESCC: patients with cT4b disease without metastases (cT4b), metastases limited to the supraclavicular lymph nodes (SCLNM) or distant metastatic ESCC at the population level. All patients with unresectable (cT4b) or synchronous metastatic ESCC at primary diagnosis (2015‐2018) or patients with metachronous metastases after primary non‐metastatic diagnosis in 2015‐2016 were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Fifteen percent of patients had cT4b disease (n = 146), 12% SCLNM (n = 118) and 72% distant metastases (n = 681). Median overall survival (OS) time was 6.3, 11.2, and 4.4 months in patients with cT4b, SCLNM, and distant metastases, respectively (P < .001). Multivariable Cox regression showed that patients with cT4b (hazard ratio 1.44, 95% CI 1.04‐1.99) and patients with distant metastases (hazard ratio 1.42, 95% CI 1.12‐1.80) had a worse survival time compared with patients with SCLNM. Among patients who received chemoradiotherapy and/or underwent resection (primary tumor and/or metastases), median OS was 11.9, 16.1, and 14.0 months in patients with cT4b, SCLNM, and distant metastases, respectively (P = .76). Patients with SCLNM had a better survival time compared with patients with cT4b and patients with distant metastases. Survival of patients with advanced unresectable ESCC in clinical practice was poor, even in patients treated with curative intent.
A new insight into the treatment of diabetes by means of pan PPAR agonists
Authors: Chandra Avik , Kaur Paranjeet , Sahu Sanjeev Kumar , Mittal Amit 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPPARs stand for ‘peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors’ and are ligand‐activated transcription factors of nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. A list of the most commonly used single receptor PPAR agonists, that is α (alpha) PPAR agonists, β/δ(beta/delta) PPAR agonists, γ(gamma) PPAR agonists, along with pan PPAR agents, that are being researched on, are marketed, are in clinical trials or are being studied for further derivative findings, has been listed. Type 2 diabetes constitutes about 90% of total diabetes cases. Pan PPAR ligands could very well pave the foundation for a new class of agents, that can act on all 3 PPAR receptors, and produce better effects in general, than the individual receptor‐acting ligands or dual combination ligands (α/ γ). In this review paper, we have detailed various pan PPAR agonists that can be used to treat type 2 diabetes, which can generate potential derivatives as well.
Is the association between social support and oral health modified by household income? Findings from a national study of adults in Australia
Authors: Haag Dandara G. , Santiago Pedro R. , Schuch Helena S. , Brennan David S. , Jamieson Lisa M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether the association between social support and oral health outcomes is modified by levels of household income.MethodsData were from the National Study of Adults Oral Health (NSAOH 2004‐06), a nationally representative study comprising n = 3619 adults in Australia. Effect measure modification (EMM) analysis was adopted to verify whether the association between social support and poor/fair self‐rated oral health, lack of a functional dentition (<21 teeth) and low Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL; measured using OHIP‐14) varies according to levels of income. Poisson regressions adjusted for age, sex, education, country of birth, main language spoken at home and remoteness were used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) for oral health outcomes for each stratum of social support (overall, family, friends and significant other) and income (effect modifier). We then computed the Relative Excess Risk due to Interaction (RERI), which represents the risk that is over what would be expected if the combination of low social support and low income was entirely additive. Sensitivity analyses for different cut‐offs of household income were performed.ResultsAdults with lower levels of social support had a 2.1, 1.2 and 1.9 times higher prevalence of fair/poor self‐rated oral health, <21 teeth and poor OHRQoL respectively. The RERIs observed were 0.98 (95% CI −0.01; 1.96) for poor/fair self‐rated oral health; 0.52 (95% CI −0.06; 1.10) for lack of a functional dentition and 0.50 (95% CI −0.16; 1.15) for poor OHRQoL. For all outcomes and all individual domains of social support, the positive RERIs indicated that the joint association of low social support and low household income surpassed the sum of their separate associations with objective and subjective oral health indicators.ConclusionIndividuals with lower levels of social support had poorer oral health than those with high levels of social support, although this association was small for the outcome <21 teeth. The association between social support and poor oral health indicators is modified by levels of household income. Hence, the provision of social support had a stronger association with the oral health of low‐income participants, suggesting that socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals would mostly benefit from a social support intervention.
Bi‐allelic null variant in matrix metalloproteinase‐15, causes congenital cardiac defect, cholestasis jaundice, and failure to thrive
Authors: Abdelrahman Hanadi A. , Akawi Nadia , Al‐Shamsi Aisha M. , Ali Amanat , Al‐Jasmi Fatma , John Anne , Hertecant Jozef , Al‐Gazali Lihadh , Ali Bassam R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHere, we delineate the phenotype of two siblings with a bi‐allelic frameshift variant in MMP15 gene with congenital cardiac defects, cholestasis, and dysmorphism. Genome sequencing analysis revealed a recently reported homozygous frameshift variant (c.1058delC, p.Pro353Glnfs*102) in MMP15 gene that co‐segregates with the phenotype in the family in a recessive mode of inheritance. Relative quantification of MMP15 mRNA showed evidence of degradation of the mutated transcript, presumably by nonsense mediated decay. Likewise, MMP15: p.Gly231Arg, a concurrently reported homozygous missense variant in another patient exhibiting a similar phenotype, was predicted to disrupt zinc ion binding to the MMP‐15 enzyme catalytic domain, which is essential for substrate proteolysis, by structural modeling. Previous animal models and cellular findings suggested that MMP15 plays a crucial role in the formation of endocardial cushions. These findings confirm that MMP15 is an important gene in human development, particularly cardiac, and that its loss of function is likely to cause a severe disorder phenotype.
The impact of three‐dimensional reconstruction and standardised CT interpretation (AMIGO) on the anatomical understanding of mesenteric vascular anatomy for planning complete mesocolic excision surgery: A randomised crossover study
Authors: Fletcher Jordan , Ilangovan Rajapandian , Hanna George , Miskovic Danilo , Lung Phillip 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundPreoperative planning is a crucial aspect of safe complete mesocolic excision (CME) surgery. 3D models derived from imaging may help improve anatomical understanding of the complex vascular anatomy. Here, we assessed the effect of 3D models on surgeons’ anatomical understanding in comparison to a systematic approach for CT scan interpretation (AMIGO).MethodFifteen cases were included in the study. Two GI radiology consultants reviewed each scan to ascertain the vascular anatomy. Virtual 3D models were produced and displayed on a web‐based platform (https://skfb.ly/6OZUZ). A total of 13 surgical trainees were recruited. Candidates were assessed after baseline anatomical training and subsequently using the AMIGO method and 3D models. Five cases were randomly allocated in each round of testing for each participant. The primary outcome measure was an objective vascular anatomy knowledge score. The secondary outcome measure was subjective feedback from participants.ResultsBoth 3D and AMIGO significantly improved anatomical understanding in comparison to baseline testing. However, 3D was superior to AMIGO (3D [n = 65; median score 8/14] vs. AMIGO [n = 65; median score 6/14; p < 0.0001]. For 13/15 patient cases examined, 3D was superior to the AMIGO method. Eleven participants demonstrated better anatomical understanding using 3D models versus AMIGO. Ten participants preferred 3D models in comparison to standard CT imaging.Conclusions3D models improve anatomical understanding of mesenteric vascular anatomy in a group of colorectal surgical trainees in comparison to a formal CT interpretation method. 3D models may be a useful planning adjunct to 2D imaging for CME surgery.
Natural resource windfalls and efficiency in local government expenditure: Evidence from Peru
Authors: Maldonado Stanislao , Ardanaz Martin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe study the role of natural resource windfalls in explaining the technical efficiency of public expenditure. Using a rich dataset of expenditure and public good provision for 1836 municipalities in Peru for the period 2001–2010, we estimate a nonmonotonic relationship between the efficiency of public good provision and the level of natural resource transfers. Local governments that were extremely favored by the boom in mineral prices were more efficient in using fiscal windfalls, whereas those that only benefited from modest transfers were more inefficient. These results can be explained by the increase in political competition associated with the boom. However, the fact that increases in efficiency were related to reductions in public good provision casts doubts on the beneficial effects of political competition in promoting efficiency.
Online videos: The hidden curriculum
Authors: Dias da Silva Marco Antonio , Pereira Andresa Costa , Vital Sibylle , Mariño Rodrigo , Ghanim Aghareed , Skelton‐Macedo Mary Caroline , Kavadella Argyro , Kakaboura Afrodite , Uribe Sergio E. , Johnson Ilona , Dalessandri Domenico , Walmsley Anthony Damien 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionDental undergraduates will access the Internet searching for learning materials to complement their training; however, open access content is not generally recommended by dental schools. This study aimed to evaluate how dental students are using online video content.Materials and MethodsStudents from eight Universities (Athens, Birmingham, Brescia, Cardiff, Melbourne, Paris, Sao Paulo and Valdivia) representing three continents were invited to complete a survey on their access and learning from online videos.ResultsInternational students behave similarly when studying dental content online. Of 515 respondents, 94.6% use the Internet as a learning tool. It was observed that videos are not frequently recommended during didactic lectures (9.6%). But many students (79.9%) will use YouTube for their learning which includes clinical procedures. Students will check online content before performing procedures for the first time (74.8%), to understand what was explained in class (65.9%) or read in books (59.5%), to relearn clinical techniques (64.7%) and to visualise rare procedures (49.8%). More than half of the students do not fully trust the accuracy or the reliability of online content. This does not prevent students from watching and sharing dental videos with classmates (64.4%). The content watched is not shared with teachers (23.3%) even when it contradicts what was learnt in the school (38.2%).ConclusionThis study concludes that students regularly integrate open access digital resources into learning portfolios but are hesitant to inform their teachers about their viewing habits. Students wish to receive critical skills on how to evaluate the material they encounter outside their traditional learning space.
Influence of practical and clinical experience on dexterity performance measured using haptic virtual reality simulator
Authors: Ziane‐Casenave Sophia , Mauroux Marthe , Devillard Raphaël , Kérourédan Olivia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionDevelopment of dexterity, hand‐eye coordination and self‐assessment are essential during the preclinical training of dental students. To meet this requirement, dental simulators have been developed combining virtual reality with a force feedback haptic interface. The aim of this study was to assess the capability of the VirTeaSy© haptic simulator to discriminate between users with different levels of practical and clinical experience.Materials and MethodsFifty‐six volunteers divided into five groups (non‐dentists, 1st/3rd/final‐year dental students, recent graduates) had three attempts to prepare an occlusal amalgam cavity using the simulator. Percentages of volumes prepared inside (%IV) and outside (%OV) the required cavity, skill index and progression rate, referring to the evolution of skill index between trials 1 and 3, were assessed. The dental students and recent graduates completed a questionnaire to gather their opinions about their first hands‐on experience with a haptic simulator.ResultsThe results showed no significant difference between the groups at the first attempt. Following the third attempt, the skill index was improved significantly. Analysis of progression rates, characterised by large standard deviations, did not reveal significant differences between groups. The third attempt showed significant differences in skill index and %IV between 1st‐year undergraduate dental students and both non‐dentists and recent dental graduates. The questionnaire indicated a tendency for dental operators to consider the simulator as a complement to their learning and not a substitute for traditional methods.ConclusionThis study did not show the ability of a basic aptitude test on VirTeaSy© haptic simulator to discriminate between users of different levels of expertise. Optimisations must be considered in order to make simulation‐based assessment clinically relevant.
On subjects, objects, and ground: Life as the form of judgment
Authors: Ng Karen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper, I reply to the critics of my book, Hegel's Concept of Life, by taking up the question of how a science of pure thought thinking itself arrives at the conclusion that it must determine itself as life. In particular, I consider how the logical concept of life informs Hegel's understanding of subjects, objects, and ground, and I also take up the relationship between logic and Realphilosophie in Hegel's system. Throughout, I aim to clarify and elaborate on one of the central arguments from my book, namely, that for Hegel, life is the primitive or original form of judgment.
Generative adversarial learning for optimizing ontology alignment
Authors: Xue Xingsi , Huang Qihan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe edge computing in knowledge‐defined network (KDN) is a kind of distributed computing architecture, and the format of edge resources stored in different edge computing nodes are different, which yields the data heterogeneity problem and hampers the interaction between edge nodes. Ontology is considered as the solution of data heterogeneity on Semantic Web, and matching ontologies is a high‐efficiency method of addressing the data heterogeneity problem. Ontology meta‐matching investigates how to determine the optimal weights to aggregate multiple similarity measures to achieve high‐quality ontology alignment, which is a challenge about nonlinear mathematical problem in ontology matching domain. To face this challenge, unsupervised learning method such as generative adversarial network (GAN) becomes an effective methodology. GAN consists of two models of different targets that are opposed to each other in training to produce the final best result. To improve the GAN's efficiency, this work further proposes a GAN with simulated annealing algorithm (SA‐GAN), where the stagnation counter is introduced to accelerate GAN's the convergence speed. The experiment uses the famous benchmark in the ontology domain, and the comparisons with the advanced ontology matching systems shows that SA‐GAN is able to find high‐quality alignments to help build bridges between edge nodes on edge computing.