bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carer involvement with children and child‐friendly book ownership in Bangladesh
Authors: Biswas Raaj Kishore , Arusha Anowara Rayhan , Ananna Nurjahan , Kabir Enamul , Bhowmik Jahar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTwo early childhood development aspects: carer involvement with children, and their ownership of age‐appropriate books, were evaluated. Children aged 0–4 years from Bangladesh, extracted from population‐based Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, were assessed using survey adjusted logistic regression models and district‐wise spatial distribution. Among 13 806 children, 11.2% had no shared activities with carers, and 60.7% had at least four shared activities. Among 22 796 children, 27.4% owned at least one book. Higher carer–child shared activities and more child‐friendly books in households were observed in the Western part of Bangladesh. Children from higher socioeconomic households with educated mothers and greater exposure to media, had higher carer–child interaction and greater availability of books. These findings can aid policies targeting psychological and cognitive development of children in Bangladesh.
Toward optimization of cyclosporine concentration target to prevent acute graft‐versus‐host disease following myeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplant
Authors: Kwan Alex Chi Fung , Blosser Nikki , Ghosh Sunita , Leyshon Catherine , Dersch‐Mills Deonne , Puckrin Robert , Duggan Peter , Zepeda Victor , Savoie Lynn , Stewart Douglas , Storek Jan , Jamani Kareem 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionDespite the common use of cyclosporine (CsA) for acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD) prophylaxis following allogeneic stem cell transplant, the optimal CsA trough target remains unknown.Materials and MethodsHere, we report on outcomes of adult patients following myeloablative conditioning to identify an optimal CsA trough target and characterize the most relevant timeframe post‐transplant for CsA trough targeting to minimize aGVHD. We retrospectively reviewed 399 consecutive patients who underwent first peripheral blood allogeneic stem cell transplant for hematological malignancies between January 2009 and December 2018.ResultsIn the unadjusted and adjusted analyses, the incidence of grades 2–4 aGVHD was significantly higher among patients with an average CsA trough concentration <250 mcg/L compared to patients with an average CsA trough concentration ≥250 mcg/L during days 15–28 post‐transplant (31.5% versus 18.8%, P = 0.037), with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.97 (95% confidence interval 1.04–3.71). In contrast, no correlations between CsA trough concentration and relapse, non‐relapse mortality and overall survival was found.ConclusionIn conclusion, early post‐transplant CsA trough concentrations are an important factor in the prophylaxis against aGVHD. Our findings suggest that CsA trough concentrations should be maximized between days 15–28 post‐myeloablative transplant.
Effect of sheet extrusion direction on laminated mouthguard thickness: An in vitro study
Authors: Takahashi Mutsumi , Bando Yogetsu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground/AimThe thermal shrinkage that occurs when the extrusion molding sheet is heated affects the mouthguard thickness. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sheet extrusion direction on laminated mouthguard thickness.Materials and MethodsMouthguards were pressure formed using the extruded sheet and a plaster model. For the first layer, a 3.0‐mm‐thick sheet was used. For the second layer, a 2.0‐ or 3.0‐mm‐thick sheet was used. In each of the first (F) and second (S) layers, the sheet extrusion direction was either vertical (V; FV, SV) or parallel (P; FP, SP) to the model midline. Thickness differences depending on the extrusion direction of the first layer was analyzed by Student's t‐test. Differences in the laminated mouthguard thickness depending on the extrusion direction of the first or second layer and the sheet thickness of the second layer were analyzed by three‐way ANOVA.ResultsThe first layer was significantly thicker in FV by about 0.20 mm than in FP at the incisal edge, labial surface, and cusp (p < .01). No significant difference was observed between SV and SP in the laminated mouthguard. However, at the incisal edge, labial surface, and cusp of the laminated mouthguard, FV were significantly thicker by 0.17 mm or more than FP under all laminating conditions (p < .01). A 3.0‐mm‐thick laminating condition was thicker than a 2.0‐mm‐thick laminating condition by 0.47 mm or more at the incisal edge, labial, and buccal surfaces, and by 0.34 mm or more at the cusp.ConclusionsThe laminated mouthguard thickness can be secured by molding the first‐layer sheet so that the extrusion direction is vertical to the model midline. In the second layer, the extrusion direction did not affect the laminated mouthguard thickness, and a thicker sheet material should be used.
Stroke in the stroke unit: Recognition, treatment and outcomes in a single‐centre cohort
Authors: Marto João Pedro , Salerno Alexander , Maslias Errikos , Lambrou Dimitris , Eskandari Ashraf , Strambo Davide , Michel Patrik 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeIn‐hospital strokes (IHS) are associated with longer diagnosis times, treatment delays and poorer outcomes. Strokes occurring in the stroke unit have seldom been studied. Our aim was to assess the management of in‐stroke‐unit ischaemic stroke (ISUS) by analysing ISUS characteristics, delays in diagnosis, treatments and outcomes.MethodsConsecutive patients from the Acute Stroke Registry and Analysis of Lausanne (ASTRAL), from January 2003 to June 2019, were classified as ISUS, other‐IHS or community‐onset stroke (COS). Baseline and stroke characteristics, time to imaging and time to treatment, missed treatment opportunities, treatment rates and outcomes were compared using multivariate analysis with adjustment for relevant clinical, imaging and laboratory data available in ASTRAL.ResultsAmongst the 3456 patients analysed, 138 (4.0%) were ISUS, 214 (6.2%) other‐IHS and 3104 (89.8%) COS. In multivariate analysis, patients with ISUS more frequently had known stroke onset time than other‐IHS (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.39–4.35) or COS (aOR 2.56; 95% CI 1.59–4.17), had fewer missed treatment opportunities than other‐IHS (aOR 0.22; 95% CI 0.06–0.86) and higher endovascular treatment (EVT) rates than COS (aOR 3.03; 95% CI 1.54–5.88). ISUS was associated with a favourable shift in the modified Rankin Scale at 3 months in comparison with other‐IHS (aOR 1.73; 95% CI 1.11–2.69) or COS (aOR 1.46; 95% CI 1.00–2.12).ConclusionIn‐stroke‐unit ischaemic stroke more frequently had known stroke onset time than other‐IHS or COS, fewer missed treatment opportunities than other‐IHS and a higher EVT rate than COS. This readiness to identify and treat patients in the stroke unit may explain the better long‐term outcome of ISUS.
Predicting breeding systems to guide conservation strategies: A kiwi example
Authors: Undin Malin , Castro Isabel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe breeding system and mating strategy of a species are at the heart of its behavioral ecology and part of determining its population dynamics. Thus, understanding breeding and mating behavior, and its flexibility, is important for accurate population modeling and successful conservation management. Here, we combine previous work with species‐specific data and phylogenetic context to shine the spotlight on the breeding system of North Island (NI) brown kiwi, Apteryx mantelli, in a conservation context. The NI brown kiwi is of wide interest as a ratite, which are known for their variable breeding biology both within and between species, and its dire need of conservation management. With the aid of data from a long‐term study in a rare, high‐density population, we conclude that, although NI brown kiwi have several features characteristic of monogamous bird species (substantial investment in offspring by both parents, long‐life expectancy, and well‐developed sense of olfaction), it has as many that are consistent with potential for polygamy (uneven quality and distribution of resources, long and asynchronous breeding season, super‐precocial chicks, and non‐monogamous relatives). Consequently, we suggest that (1) the breeding system of NI brown kiwi is more flexible than has been widely recognized, and (2) further study of NI brown kiwi mating behavior would greatly benefit its conservation planning. Specifically, the prevalence of polygamy will directly affect genetic admixture, maintaining of genetic diversity, and distribution of parentage—all crucial factors influencing translocation success and genetic rescue. We argue that the NI brown kiwi study system could contribute to the increased incorporation of behavioral aspects in conservation management, and we provide suggestions for informative studies that would facilitate this.
Institutional trading around repurchase announcements: An uphill battle
Authors: Nguyen Vinh Huy , Mishra Suchismita , Jain Pankaj K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHighly sophisticated institutional investors are generally not profitable when trading around share repurchase announcements because they are pitted against better‐informed entities such as the firm and its insiders. The firm and its insiders know the announcement's intention and timing and enjoy regulatory exemptions regarding the timing and pricing of repurchase implementation or lack thereof. Institutions do not have the same advantages or information ex ante, but they do have access to the trades of insiders 2 days after the transaction date. We find that some institutions are profitable but only when insiders’ buying signal matches the firm's repurchase signal.
Perspectives of people living with Parkinson's disease on personalized prediction models
Authors: van den Heuvel Lieneke , Knippenberg Marjan , Post Bart , Meinders Marjan J. , Bloem Bastiaan R. , Stiggelbout Anne M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is a great need for the development of personalized prediction models (PPMs) that can predict the rate of disease progression for persons with Parkinson's disease (PD), based on their individual characteristics. In this study, we aimed to clarify the perspective of persons diagnosed with PD on the value of such hypothetical PPMs.MethodsWe organized four focus group discussions, each including five persons with PD who were diagnosed within the last 5 years. The sessions focused on what they think of receiving a personalized prediction; what outcomes are important to them; if and how the possibility of influencing the prognosis would change the way they think of personalized predictions; how they deal with the uncertainty from a PPM; and what barriers and facilitators they expect for using a PPM.ResultsThe wish of persons with PD for receiving personalized prognostic information was highly heterogenous, for various reasons. Most persons with PD would like to receive more personalized prognostic information, mainly to better prepare themselves and their loved ones for the future. The prediction provided should be as personalized as possible, and there should be adequate supervision and coaching by a professional when providing the information. They were particularly interested in receiving prognostic information when their interventions would be available that could subsequently influence the identified prognostic factor and thereby affect the disease course beneficially.ConclusionMost persons with PD in this study want more insight into their own future by means of prediction models, provided that this is explained and supervized properly by professionals.Patient or Public ContributionTwo patient‐researchers were involved in the study design, conduct of the study, interpretation of the data and in preparation of the manuscript.
Automated analysers underestimate atypical basophil count in myeloid neoplasms
Authors: Shah Hemali P. , Tormey Christopher A. , Siddon Alexa J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionRecent data suggest basophils can adopt an atypical appearance in myeloid disorders including myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) and myeloproliferative/myelodysplastic disease. We hypothesized that automated analysers may not accurately quantitate basophils in myeloid neoplasms based on scatter properties. This study examined basophil counts and properties in myeloid disorders by automated cell analyser, manual differential, and flow cytometry.MethodsPatients with myeloid neoplasms and control patients with no myeloid disorder diagnosis at a tertiary care centre were identified. Basophil percentage was compared for automated analyser counts (Sysmex XN9000), manual differential, and flow cytometry. Basophil scatter properties in MPNs were examined using flow cytometry.ResultsThirty‐one patients with myeloid neoplasms were included: 58% were male, mean age was 70.2 (±20.7) years, 32% had a diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukaemia with the remaining patients divided among various other forms of myeloid disease (including: essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera, unclassifiable MPN, myelodysplastic syndromes). For these patients, mean basophil percentage by automated analyser was significantly lower than manual differential (2.7 ± 2.9 vs. 7.1 ± 4.6, respectively, p < 0.001). No significant difference was found between automated versus manual differential for basophils in control subjects (p = 0.373). For myeloid neoplasm patients, mean basophil percentage was not significantly different between manual differential and flow cytometry (p = 0.116); mean basophil percentage by automated analyser was significantly lower than flow cytometry (2.7 ± 2.9 vs. 5.3 ± 3.7, respectively, p = 0.003).ConclusionAutomated analysers underestimate basophil counts in patients with myeloid neoplasms. Manual differential and flow cytometry are recommended for more accurate quantitation and characterization of aberrant basophils.
Impact of the first wave of COVID‐19 on stroke admissions across three tertiary hospitals in Brisbane
Authors: Roizman Michael , Hartel Gunter , Wong Andrew , Brown Helen , Muller Claire , Gillinder Lisa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 has caused a global shift in healthcare‐seeking behaviour; however, presentation rates with serious conditions, such as stroke in low COVID‐19‐prevalence cities, has received less attention.AimsTo determine if there was a significant reduction in stroke admissions, delivery of acute reperfusion therapies, or increased delays to presentation during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsA multicentre, retrospective, observational cohort study was performed across three tertiary hospitals in Brisbane, Australia. Cases were identified using ICD‐10 codes and then individually reviewed for eligibility using prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria. All metrics were compared over 3 months from 1 March to 31 May 2020 with two corresponding 3‐month periods in 2018 and 2019.ResultsThere was a mean of 2.15 (95% CI 1.87–2.48) stroke admissions per day in the examined pandemic months compared with 2.13 (95% CI 1.85–2.45) and 2.26 (95% CI 1.97–2.59) in March to May 2018 and 2019 respectively, with no significant difference found (P = 0.81). There was also no difference in rates of intravenous thrombolysis (P = 0.82), endovascular thrombectomy (P = 0.93) and time from last known well to presentation (P = 0.54). Conversely, daily emergency department presentations (including non‐stroke presentations) significantly reduced (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsDuring the early months of the COVID‐19 pandemic there was no significant reduction in stroke presentations, use of acute reperfusion therapies or delays to presentation, despite a reduction in ED presentations for any cause. Our results differ from the global experience, with possible explanations, including differences in public health messaging and healthcare infrastructure.
Mental health nurses' constructions of compassion: A discourse analysis
Authors: Bond Carmel , Hui Ada , Timmons Stephen , Charles Ashleigh 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTCompassion is an important element of contemporary nursing work. Compassion has been recognized as necessary for improving health outcomes. However, very little is known about how compassion is understood in the mental health practice setting. We conducted interviews with seven mental health nurses to explore their perspectives on compassion and views on compassion policy. Analysis of the data revealed that compassion was identified and discussed as Compassion as part of the person (and the profession); Compassion: Fundamental to the nursing role; Barriers to compassion; Perspectives on compassion policy. In addition, findings demonstrated ethical constraints on compassion in the mental health context, as well as the administrative burden on nurses more broadly, which was also a reported barrier to compassion. Mental health nurses identified compassion as fundamental to their clinical practice, yet compassion was impeded owing to practical and emotional constraints upon nurses. System‐wide action must be taken to increase and support the mental health nursing workforce to strengthen the practice of compassion. This will be fundamental to improving health outcomes that are claimed to be enhanced by compassion. This study is reported according to the COREQ guidelines.
High hardness (TiZr)C ceramic with dislocation networks
Authors: Guo Xiao‐Jie , Xin Xiao‐Ting , Bao Weichao , Wang Xin‐Gang , Yang Qing‐Qing , Zeng Yi , Zhang Guo‐Jun , Xu Fangfang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRaising the configurational entropy in a solid solution ceramic is regarded as a promising strategy to improve the mechanical properties of ceramics, especially when five or more elements are mixed to form so‐called high‐entropy ceramics. However, in this study, we report that the binary (TiZr)C solid solution ceramics can demonstrate high hardness comparable or even superior to high‐entropy ceramics. Followed by a carbothermal reduction synthesis of carbide powders, the bulk ceramics were synthesized by hot pressing. Via increasing the hot pressing temperature to 2200°C, a full solid solution of equimolar (TiZr)C was obtained in contrast to phase separation at lower sintering temperatures, for example, 2000 and 2100°C. The dislocation networks are observed in the single‐phase (TiZr)C ceramic and should be the product of competition between enthalpy and entropy in a binary full solid solution. These defects finally contribute to the high nano‐hardness of 41.9 ± 1.4 GPa (H) and the Vickers hardness of 22.0 ± 0.6 GPa (HV at 49 N).
Nurse manager intentional rounding and outcomes: Findings of a systematic review
Authors: Bayram Aysun , Özsaban Aysel , Longhini Jessica , Palese Alvisa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo summarize the evidence available on Nurse Manager Intentional Rounding (NMIR) describing the main characteristics and methodological quality of studies available, the features of rounding and the outcomes as measured to date.DesignA systematic review.Data SourcesElectronic databases, including MEDLINE‐EBSCHOST, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane, Clinicalkey, ScienceDirect, OVID, Sage Journals and Web of Science, were searched up to June 2021.Review MethodsThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses statement guideline was used to summarize methods and report findings. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools were used to evaluate the methodology quality of the studies included.ResultsSeven studies were included with pre‐post‐test (n = 3), longitudinal, two‐group post‐tests, quasi‐experimental, and retrospective study designs (n = 1, respectively). In five studies, the nurse managers were trained to conduct the rounding, which was shaped according to three main features: a structured (n = 4), a semi‐structured (n = 1) and an unstructured rounding (n = 2) delivered from high (twice a day 7/7) to low intensity (once a day, 5/7). Two main outcomes have been measured to date, the patient satisfaction and some aspects related to the care quality. Five studies reported that the satisfaction scores of patients who received rounding were significantly higher than that perceived by patients not receiving rounding. About the other aspects of the quality of care, two studies documented significant improvements as a consequence of the NMIR (e.g. information accessibility, discharge instructions, coordination of care after discharge).ConclusionStudies available report in general a low methodological quality, mainly due to their pragmatic nature as quality improvement projects. Therefore, transforming this field of research by establishing a methodological rigour and a theoretical foundation in both interventions and outcomes and by designing experimental approaches, might expand the evidence available on the effects of nurse managers intentional rounding.
Erythema multiforme associated with anti‐plakin antibodies: a multicentric retrospective case series
Authors: Weill A. , Descamps V. , Chasset F. , Mahévas T. , Bourgault‐Villada I. , Wolkenstein P. , Chollet‐Martin S. , Ingen‐Housz‐Oro S. , Grootenboer‐Mignot S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundErythema multiforme (EM) is a muco‐cutaneous inflammatory disease mainly triggered by herpes simplex virus (HSV) recurrences. Association of EM and circulating auto‐antibodies against plakins (anti‐PLK‐Abs [EM‐PLK+]) has been reported. However, little is known about this subset of EM.ObjectivesWe aimed to describe the clinical and immunological features and response to treatment of EM‐PLK+.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective multicentric study of EM‐PLK+ selected from the database of the immunological laboratory of Bichat hospital, Paris, France, from January 2009 to December 2020. Anti‐PLK‐Abs were detected in ≥1 immunological tests: immunofluorescence assay, immunoblotting and/or ELISA. Patients with alternative diagnoses were excluded.ResultsWe included 29 patients (16 women, median age 25 [range 2–58] years). EM‐PLK+ were mostly major (EM with ≥2 mucosal involvements; n = 24, 83%) and relapsing (≥2 flares; n = 23, 79%). Cutaneous lesions were target (n = 13, 54%) and target‐like lesions (n = 9, 38%) with usual topography (acral, n = 19, 79%; limbs, n = 21, 88%). Mucosal lesions affected the mouth (n = 27, 96%) and genitalia (n = 19, 68%), with a median of 2 [range 0–5] mucous membranes. EM‐PLK+ were suspected as certain or possible postherpetic (EM‐HSV) in 19 cases (65.5%); no triggering factors were detected in 9 (31%) patients. Desmoplakin‐I/II Abs were the most frequent anti‐PLK‐Abs (n = 20, 69%); envoplakin and periplakin Abs were detected in 11 and 9 cases. Relapsing EM‐PLK+ (n = 23) were still active (≥1 flare within 6 months) in 13 (57%) patients despite immunosuppressive therapy (n = 8, 62%). Antiviral drugs were ineffective in preventing relapse in 15/16 (94%) EM‐HSV.ConclusionThe rationale for anti‐PLK‐Ab detection in EM is not elucidated. More systematic research of anti‐PLK‐Abs is warranted to better understand whether this association reflects humoral immune activity in a subset of EM or is fortuitous, related to an epitope spreading process. However, EM‐PLK+ seems to be associated with major and relapsing subtypes, and difficult‐to‐treat cases.