bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new irrigation system without any external sources
Authors: Nayak Ramesh Chandra , Samal Chandrika , Roul Manmatha K. , Padhi Payodhar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
India is the second most populous country in the world and relies heavily on agriculture as its main source of income. The combination of agriculture and technology is needed to accelerate the development of agriculture, especially in rural areas, to increase productivity, efficiency and profitability. Application of technology in agriculture will enhance the farmers to involve in their occupation. Agriculture mainly consists of field grounding, transplantation, harvesting. In each steps of agriculture irrigation is the main requirement. Farmers are spending more to irrigate their farm for agriculture. So application of technology on irrigation is the most important requirement to sustain the farmers. In this work a pendulum operated irrigation model is presented. The designed model is required to attach with the hand pump. The developed system will work without any external source of power, which will provide maximum profit to farmers.
The prognostic value of autophagy related genes with tumor- suppressor function in Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Wen Jian , Wan Lijia , Dong Xieping 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Ewing sarcoma (ES) is the second most common primary malignant bone tumor mainly occurring in children, adolescents and young adults with high metastasis and mortality. Autophagy has been reported to be involved in the survival of ES, but the role remains unclear. Therefore, it’s necessary to investigate the prognostic value of autophagy related genes using bioinformatics methods. Results: ATG2B, ATG10 and DAPK1 were final screened genes for a prognostic model. KM and risk score plots showed patients in high score group had better prognoses both in training and validation sets. C-indexes of the model for training and validation sets were 0.68 and 0.71, respectively. Calibration analyses indicated the model had high prediction accuracy in training and validation sets. The AUC values of ROC for 1-, 3-, 5-year prediction were 0.65, 0.73 and 0.84 in training set, 0.88, 0.73 and 0.79 in validation set. Decision curve analyses showed that patients could benefit much from the model. Differential and functional analyses suggested that autophagy and apoptosis were upregulated in high risk score group. Conclusions: ATG2B, ATG10 and DAPK1 were ARGs of prognostic value in ES and may also be potential therapeutic targets worth further research.
A Probabilistic Assessment of the Benefit and Risk Analysis of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid and Methylmercury in Fish from Taiwan
Authors: Lin Pinpin , Lee Pei-I , Ling Min-Pei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Taiwan is surrounded by seas and the residents take the advantage of its favorable geographical position to acquire fish resources. Fish are high in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, nearly all fish contain traces of mercury (Hg). This study carries out probabilistic approach to quantify the benefit-risk analysis for foods (BROFO) of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and methylmercury (MeHg) for the people who eat the Hg-contaminated fish in Taiwan. The fish assessed were farmed fishes including barramundi, catfish, cobia, etc.; and capture fisheries including anglerfish, blue mackerel, butterfish, etc. The models implemented include the desirable dose index (DI) to account the health benefits, hazard quotient (HQ) to account the developmental neuropsychological impairment effect, and disability adjusted life years (DALY) model to assess the number of years lost by incidence of intelligence quotient (IQ) for infants and coronary heart disease (CHD) or Stroke for adult. The results of this study suggest that to maintain the current levels of intake for cod and scad. Based on the benefits from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an increase in the intake of saury and salmon is recommended.
Development and validation of a novel immune-related prognostic signature in lung squamous cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Liu Xianyu , Shan Yunhan , Zhao Deze , Cui Weifang , Xie Qun , Jiang Junjie , Peng Wei , Zhang Chunfang , Duan Chaojun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background. Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LUSC) is an aggressive malignancy with limited therapeutic options. The response to immune therapy is a determining factor for the prognosis of LUSC patients. This study aimed to develop a reliable immune-related prognostic signature in LUSC. Methods. We extracted gene expression and clinical data of LUSC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). A total of 502 patients enrolled and were divided into respond and non-respond groups by the TIDE algorithm. The CIBERSORT algorithm and the LM22 gene signature were used to analyze the distribution of immune cells in LUSC. Efficacy and response strength of immunotherapy are calculated by the tumor mutation burden (TMB) and ESTIMATE Score. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two groups were analyzed. The differential expression genes related to overall survival were pointed as hub DEGs, and a prognostic signature was constructed with lasso regression analysis. Results. LUSC patients were divided into responder and non-responder groups based on the response to immunotherapy. The distribution of immune cells was significantly different between the two groups. Forty-four DGEs were considered as overall survival-related genes. A prognostic signature was constructed, consisting of 11 hub-DGEs, including MMP20, C18orf26, CASP14, FAM71E2, OPN4, CGB5, DIRC1, C9orf11, SPATA8, C9orf144B, and ZCCHC5. The signature can accurately distinguish LUSC patients into high and low-risk groups. Moreover, the high-risk group had a shorter survival time than the low-risk group. The area under the ROC curve was 0.67. The multivariate Cox regression showed that the risk score calculated by the constructed signature was an independent prognostic predictor for LUSC patients.ConclusionIn short, we established a novel immune-related prognostic signature in LUCS, which has significant sensitivity and accuracy in predicting the prognosis of patients. Our research can guide the evaluation of the prognosis of LUSC patients in clinical, and the discovered immune-related genes can provide a theoretical basis for the discovery of new therapeutic targets.
Selection for Environmental Variance Shifted the Gut Microbiome Composition Driving Animal Resilience
Authors: Casto-Rebollo Cristina , Argente María José , García María Luz , Pena Ramona Natacha , Blasco Agustín , Ibáñez-Escriche Noelia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
BackgroundUnderstanding how the host’s microbiome shapes phenotypes and participates in the host response to selection is fundamental for evolutionists and animal and plant breeders. Currently, selection for resilience is considered a critical step in improving the sustainability of livestock systems. Environmental variance (VE), the within-individual variance of a trait, has been successfully used as a proxy for animal resilience. Selection for reduced VE could effectively shift gut microbiome composition, reshape the inflammatory response, triglyceride and cholesterol levels, and drive animal resilience. This study aimed to determine the gut microbiome composition underlying the VE of litter size (LS), for which we performed a metagenomic analysis in two rabbit populations divergently selected for low (n=36) and high (n=34) VE of LS. Partial least square-discriminant analysis, and alpha- and beta-diversity were computed to determine the differences in gut microbiome composition among the rabbit populations. ResultsWe identified 116 KEGG IDs, 164 COG IDs, and 32 species with differences in abundance between the two rabbit populations studied. These variables achieved a classification performance of the VE rabbit populations of over than 80%. Compared to the high VE population, the low VE (resilient) population was characterised by an underrepresentation of Megasphaera sp., A. muris, B. rodentium, R. bromii, B. togonis and Eggerthella sp., and greater abundances of A. shahii, A. prutedinis, O. splanchnicus, L. fermentum and Sutterella, among others. Differences in abundance were also found in pathways related to biofilm formation, quorum sensing, glutamate, and amino acid aromatic metabolism. All these results suggest differences in gut immunity modulation, closely related to resilience.ConclusionsThis is the first study to show that selection for VE of LS can shift the gut microbiome composition. The results revealed differences in microbiome composition related to gut immunity modulation, which could contribute to the differences in resilience among rabbit populations. The selection-driven shifts in gut microbiome composition should make a substantial contribution to the remarkable genetic response observed in the VE rabbit populations.
Routing and wavelength assignment algorithm for mesh-based multiple multicasts in optical network-on-chip
Authors: Gao Fei , Yu Cui , Chen Yawen , Gao Boyong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Optical network-on-chip (ONoC) is an emerging architecture to realize high-performance and low power consumption for many-core processors. Multicast in ONoC is a vital communication pattern widely used in parallel computing and computational genomics. This paper proposes an efficient scheme for multiple multicast requests in ONoC. Firstly, we design an algorithm to construct two trees for two multicasts without conflicting edges in a mesh topology, and it only uses one wavelength. We propose a graph to represent the relationship between each multicast. Secondly, a group-based wavelength assignment scheme is designed to assign wavelengths for multiple multicasts. Finally, we used data analysis to extract helpful simulation results to form conclusions. The results indicate that our algorithm is superior to other tree-based schemes in communication latency and wavelength number usage.
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant is as Deadly as Previous Waves After Adjusting for Vaccinations, Demographics, and Comorbidities
Authors: Strasser Zachary , Hadavand Aboozar , Murphy Shawn , Estiri Hossein 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has previously been reported as more transmissible, but less severe than other SARS-CoV-2 variants. To test this assumption, we linked state-level vaccination data with quality-controlled electronic health records from a large healthcare system, including 13 hospitals, in Massachusetts, USA. We then performed a weighted case-control study to compare risks of hospital admission and mortality across the SARS-CoV-2 waves in over 130,000 COVID patients. Although the unadjusted rates of hospital admission and mortality appeared to be higher in previous waves compared to the Omicron period, after adjusting for confounders including various demographics, Charlson comorbidity index scores, and vaccination status (and holding the healthcare utilization constant), we found that the risks of hospitalization and mortality were nearly identical between periods. Our analysis suggests that the intrinsic severity of the Omicron variant may be as severe as previous variants.
A systematic review of risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Ashanti region of Ghana
Authors: Katey Daniel 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The prevalence and risk factors of type 2 diabetes vary across the urban and rural milieus of Ghana’s Ashanti Region, yet no study has been conducted to synthesise the available studies.
Methods
A comprehensive literature search was carried out in PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science with hand searches in Google Scholar and grey literature between May 15, 2021 and June 30, 2021. Searches were made for articles published between January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2020 on type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Ashanti region of Ghana. MeSH terms and keywords, separated by some Boolean operators were used.
Results
The searches yielded a total of 268 articles, of which 12 studies were selected for the final review. Physical inactivity and obesity were identified as the major risk factors of type 2 diabetes in the region. Higher prevalence of the disease was also identified in females. In terms of rural and urban divides, type 2 diabetes mellitus was found predominantly among urban dwellers.
Conclusion
Findings from the study call for mass sensitisation and awareness creation on the diabetes, to ensure that people are well informed on the dynamics of the disease in the region and by extension, the country at large.
BA.2.12.1, BA.4 and BA.5 escape antibodies elicited by Omicron BA.1 infection
Authors: Xie Xiaoliang , Cao Yunlong , Yisimayi Ayijiang , Jian Fanchong , Song Weiliang , Xiao Tianhe , Wang Lei , Du Shuo , wang jing , Li Qianqian , Chen Xiaosu , Wang Peng , Zhang Zhiying , Liu Pulan , An Ran , Hao Xiaohua , Wang Yao , Wang Jing , Feng Rui , Sun Haiyan , Zhao Lijuan , Zhang Wen , Zhao Dong , Zheng Jiang , Yu Lingling , Li Can , Zhang Na , Wang Rui , Niu Xiao , Yang Sijie , Song Xuetao , Zheng Linlin , Li Zhiqiang , Gu Qingqing , Shao Fei , Huang Weijin , ronghua Jin , Shen Zhongyang , Wang Youchun , Wang Xiangxi , Xiao Junyu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages BA.2.12.1, BA.2.13, BA.4 and BA.5 all contain L452 mutations and show potential higher transmissibility over BA.2. The new variants’ receptor binding and immune evasion capability require immediate investigation, especially on the role of L452 substitutions. Herein, coupled with structural comparisons, we showed that BA.2 sublineages, including BA.2.12.1 and BA.2.13, exhibit increased ACE2-binding affinities compared to BA.1; while BA.4/BA.5 shows the weakest receptor-binding activity due to F486V and R493Q reversion. Importantly, compared to BA.2, BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/BA.5 exhibit stronger neutralization escape from the plasma of 3-dose vaccinees and, most strikingly, from vaccinated BA.1 convalescents. To delineate the underlying evasion mechanism, we determined the escaping mutation profiles, epitope distribution and Omicron sub-lineage neutralization efficacy of 1640 RBD-directed neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), including 614 isolated from BA.1 convalescents. Interestingly, post-vaccination BA.1 infection mainly recalls wildtype-induced humoral memory and elicits antibodies that neutralize both wild-type and BA.1. These cross-reactive NAbs are significantly enriched on non-ACE2-competing epitopes; and surprisingly, the majority are undermined by R346 and L452 substitutions, namely R346K (BA.1.1), L452M (BA.2.13), L452Q (BA.2.12.1) and L452R (BA.4/BA.5), suggesting that R346K and L452 mutations appeared under the immune pressure of Omicron convalescents. Nevertheless, BA.1 infection can also induce new clones of BA.1-specific antibodies that potently neutralize BA.1 but do not respond to wild-type SARS-CoV-2, due to the high susceptibility to N501, N440, K417 and E484. However, these NAbs are largely escaped by BA.2 sublineages and BA.4/BA.5 due to D405N and F486V, exhibiting poor neutralization breadths. As for therapeutic NAbs, LY-CoV1404 (Bamlanivimab) and COV2-2130 (Cilgavimab) can still effectively neutralize BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/BA.5, while the S371F, D405N and R408S mutations carried by BA.2/BA.4/BA.5 sublineages would undermine most broad sarbecovirus NAbs. Together, our results indicate that Omicron can evolve mutations to specifically evade humoral immunity elicited by BA.1 infection. The continuous evolution of Omicron poses great challenges to SARS-CoV-2 herd immunity and suggests that BA.1-derived vaccine boosters may not be ideal for achieving broad-spectrum protection.
The role of cannabinoids in CNS development: Focus on proliferation and cell death
Authors: Bockmann Eduardo Cosendey , Brito Rafael , Madeira Lucianne Fragel , Sampaio Luzia da Silva , Reis Ricardo Augusto de Melo , França Guilherme Rapozeiro , Calaza Karin da Costa 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The active principles of Cannabis sativa are potential treatments for several diseases, such as pain, seizures and anorexia. With the increase in the use of cannabis for medicinal purposes, a more careful assessment of the possible impacts on embryonic development becomes necessary. Surveys indicate that approximately 3.9% of pregnant women use cannabis in a recreational and/or medicinal manner. However, although the literature has already described the presence of endocannabinoid system components since the early stages of CNS development, many of their physiological effects during this stage have not yet been established. Moreover, it is still uncertain how the endocannabinoid system can be altered in terms of cell proliferation and cell fate, neural migration, neural differentiation, synaptogenesis and particularly cell death. In relation to cell death in the CNS, knowledge about the effects of cannabinoids is scarce. Thus, the present work aims to review the role of the endocannabinoid system in different aspects of CNS development and discuss possible side effects or even opportunities for treating some conditions in the development of this tissue.
The inhibitory effect of KIAA1456 on the proliferation and metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer through SSX1 and AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Yingfeng , Gao Yanhong , Sun Congcong , Mao Yanhua , Wu Benyuan , Li Changjiang , Zhang Wenwen , Wang Jia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
KIAA1456 is effective in the inhibition of tumorigenesis. We previously confirmed that KIAA1456 inhibits cell proliferation and metastasis in EOC. In the current study, the specific molecular mechanisms and clinical significance of KIAA1456 underlying the repression of EOC were investigated.
Methods
Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the protein expression of KIAA1456 and SSX1 in EOC and normal ovarian tissues. The relationship of KIAA1456 and SSX1 with overall survival of patients with EOC was analysed with Kaplan–Meier survival curve and log-rank tests. KIAA1456 was overexpressed and silenced in HO8910PM cells with lentivirus. Anticancer activities of KIAA1456 was tested by CCK8, plate clone formation assay, flow cytometry, wound healing assay and Transwell invasion assay. Xenograft tumour models were used to investigate the effects of KIAA1456 on tumour growth in vivo. Bioinformatics analyses of microarray profiling indicated that SSX1 and the PI3K/AKT were differentially expressed in KIAA1456-overexpressing and control cells. The downstream factors of PI3K/AKT that are related to cell growth and apoptosis.
Results
KIAA1456 expression was lower in EOC than in normal ovarian tissues. Its expression negatively correlated with pathological grade. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that KIAA1456 negatively correlated with SSX1 expression. The overexpression of KIAA1456 in HO8910PM cells inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion and promoted apoptosis. The silencing of KIAA1456 resulted in the opposite behaviour. A xenograft tumour experiment showed that KIAA1456 overexpression inhibited tumour growth in vivo. The overexpression of KIAA1456 inhibited SSX1 and AKT phosphorylation in HO8910PM cells, causing the inactivation of the AKT pathway and eventually reducing the expression of PCNA, CyclinD1, MMP9 and Bcl2. The silencing of KIAA1456 resulted in the opposite behaviour. SSX1 overexpression could partially reverse the KIAA1456-induced biological effect.
Conclusion
KIAA1456 may serve as a tumour suppressor via the inactivation of SSX1 and the AKT pathway, providing a promising therapeutic target for EOC.
Reflections on the history of Germany V.I. Guerrier: A Researcher’s motivation
Authors: Ростиславлева Н.В. 
Published: May 2022

В статье рассматриваются особенности восприятия истории Германии выдающимся российским историком конца ХIX – начала XX в. В.И. Герье. Охарактеризованы ракурсы его рецепции в современной России и отмечены существующие лакуны, одна из которых – его роль в становлении отечественной исторической германистики. В.И. Герье, будучи по происхождению немцем, имел довольно устойчивые связи с немецкой общиной Москвы, что подтверждают документы НИОР РГБ. Его интерес к истории Германии определили и стажировки в немецких университетах.Неслучайно его диссертация была посвящена Лейбницу, в которой обнаруживаются прекрасные зарисовки по истории Германии и проявляется интерес ученого к религиозному вопросу. В статье много внимания уделено анализу неопубликованных лекций В.И. Герье по истории Реформации, конспектам лекций о древних германцах и становлении Священной римской империи. История Германии нашла отражение в частично неопубликованных публичных лекциях ученого по истории культурных идей. В целом свои размышления о Германии историк вписывал в общей контекст Новой истории, стремясь показать, как были разрушены основания средневековой жизни, какие тенденции возобладали в научном и политическом дискурсах Нового времени и какую роль в этом сыграла Германия.
The article considers the peculiarities of the perception of the German history by the outstanding Russian historian of the late 19th - early 20th centuries V.I. Guerrier. The perspectives of its reception in modern Russia are characterized and the existing gaps are noted, one of which is its role in the formation of Russian historical Germanic studies. V.I. Guerrier, being a German by birth, had fairly stable ties with the German community of Moscow, which is confirmed by the documents from the Research Department of Manuscripts of the RSL. His interest in German history was also determined by internships at German universities. This is no coincidence that his dissertation was devoted to Leibniz, which reveals excellent sketches on the history of Germany and shows the scientist's interest in the religious problem. The Author gives one’s attention to the analysis of the unpublished lectures of V.I. Guerrier on the history of the Reformation, lecture notes on the ancient Germans and the formation of the Holy Roman Empire. The history of Germany is reflected in the partially unpublished lectures on the history of cultural ideas. In general, the historian introduced his reflections on Germany into the general context of World history, trying to show how the foundations of medieval life were destroyed, what tendencies prevailed in research and political discourses of the new history, and what role Germany played in it.
Effectiveness of biochar filters vegetated with Echinochloa pyramidalis in domestic wastewater treatment
Authors: Visiy Edna Buhnyuy , Djousse Boris Merlain Kanouo , Martin Lekeufack , Zangue Cyrille Nanfaak , Sangodoyin Abimbola , Gbadegesin Adeniyi Sulaiman , Fonkou Theophile 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The use of biochar in constructed wetlands for domestic wastewater treatment is gradually being acclaimed by environmentalists due to its high specific surface area and porosity. In this study, the effectiveness of corn cob biochar (CCB) and rice husk biochar (RHB) in vertical flow constructed wetlands vegetated with Echinochloa pyramidalis was studied with sand as common reference material. The filters were fed with primarily treated domestic wastewater at a hydraulic loading rate of about 350 L/m2/day for 6 months. Water samples were collected monthly for physicochemical and bacteriological analysis and plant growth assessed every two weeks throughout the study. Biochar filters were highly performant in wastewater improvement with no significant differences between the biochar types. Both biochars were more efficient than sand in the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), true colour, total suspended solids (TSS) and total dissolved solids (TDS). However, sand filters performed better in the reduction of nutrients. All wetlands showed positive plant growth though the plants did not significantly affect the performance of the different filters for most parameters. However, a better plant growth was observed in the CCB filters. The study shows that CCB and RHB can effectively replace sand as substrates in constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment.