bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiative relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of neutron star column accretion in Cartesian geometry
Authors: Zhang Lizhong , Blaes Omer , Jiang Yan-Fei 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
High luminosity accretion on to a strongly magnetized neutron star results in a radiation pressure dominated, magnetically confined accretion column. We investigate the dynamics of these columns using 2D radiative relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations, restricting consideration to modest accretion rates where the height of the column is low enough that Cartesian geometry can be employed. The column structure is dynamically maintained through high-frequency oscillations of the accretion shock at ≃ 10–25 kHz. These oscillations arise because it is necessary to redistribute the power released at the accretion shock through bulk vertical motions, both to balance the cooling and to provide vertical pressure support against gravity. Sideways cooling always dominates the loss of internal energy. In addition to the vertical oscillations, photon bubbles form in our simulations and add additional spatial complexity to the column structure. They are not themselves responsible for the oscillations, and they do not appear to affect the oscillation period. However, they enhance the vertical transport of radiation and increase the oscillation amplitude in luminosity. The time-averaged column structure in our simulations resembles the trends in standard 1D stationary models, the main difference being that the time-averaged height of the shock front is lower because of the higher cooling efficiency of the 2D column shape.
Blanco DECam Bulge Survey (BDBS) IV: Metallicity distributions and bulge structure from 2.6 million red clump stars
Authors: Johnson Christian I , Rich R Michael , Simion Iulia T , Young Michael D , Clarkson William I , Pilachowski Catherine A , Michael Scott , Marchetti Tommaso , Soto Mario , Kunder Andrea , Koch-Hansen Andreas J , Katherina Vivas A , Joyce Meridith , Shen Juntai , Osmond Alexis 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
We present photometric metallicity measurements for a sample of 2.6 million bulge red clump stars extracted from the Blanco DECam Bulge Survey (BDBS). Similar to previous studies, we find that the bulge exhibits a strong vertical metallicity gradient, and that at least two peaks in the metallicity distribution functions appear at b &lt; −5°. We can discern a metal-poor ([Fe/H] ∼ −0.3) and metal-rich ([Fe/H] ∼ +0.2) abundance distribution that each show clear systematic trends with latitude, and may be best understood by changes in the bulge’s star formation/enrichment processes. Both groups exhibit asymmetric tails, and as a result we argue that the proximity of a star to either peak in [Fe/H] space is not necessarily an affirmation of group membership. The metal-poor peak shifts to lower [Fe/H] values at larger distances from the plane while the metal-rich tail truncates. Close to the plane, the metal-rich tail appears broader along the minor axis than in off-axis fields. We also posit that the bulge has two metal-poor populations – one that belongs to the metal-poor tail of the low latitude and predominantly metal-rich group, and another belonging to the metal-poor group that dominates in the outer bulge. We detect the X-shape structure in fields with |Z| &gt; 0.7 kpc and for stars with [Fe/H] &gt; −0.5. Stars with [Fe/H] &lt; −0.5 may form a spheroidal or ‘thick bar’ distribution while those with [Fe/H] $\gtrsim$ −0.1 are strongly concentrated near the plane.
A slow lopsided bar in the interacting dwarf galaxy IC 3167
Authors: Cuomo V , Corsini E M , Morelli L , Aguerri J A L , Lee Y H , Coccato L , Pizzella A , Buttitta C , Gasparri D 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
We present surface photometry and stellar kinematics of IC 3167, a dwarf galaxy hosting a lopsided weak bar and infalling into the Virgo cluster. We measured the bar radius and strength from broad-band imaging and bar pattern speed by applying the Tremaine–Weinberg method to stellar-absorption integral-field spectroscopy. We derived the ratio of the corotation radius to bar radius (${\cal {R}}=1.7^{+0.5}_{-0.3}$) from stellar kinematics and bar pattern speed. The probability that the bar is rotating slowly is more than twice as likely as that the bar is fast. This allows us to infer that the formation of this bar was triggered by the ongoing interaction rather than the internal processes.
Reithrodontomys microdon(Rodentia: Cricetidae)
Authors: Marines-Macías Tania , Colunga-Salas Pablo , León-Paniagua Livia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractReithrodontomys microdon Merriam, 1901 is a cricetid rodent commonly called the small-toothed harvest mouse. It is a small-bodied mouse with deep reddish-fulvous fur, a tail longer than the head–body length, and long, dark, and nearly naked ears. There are distinctive dark rings around the eyes. As 1 of 24 species of the genus Reithrodontomys and among the most arboreal, its populations inhabit cool moist forests of high mountains in isolated pockets across its geographic distribution in central Mexico, Oaxaca (Mexico), Chiapas (Mexico,) and west-central Guatemala. Reithrodontomys microdon is considered “Least Concern” (LC) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), mainly due to habitat loss caused by annual and perennial nontimber crops, as well as logging and wood harvesting.
Cyclic-anion salt for high-voltage stable potassium-metal batteries
Authors: Hu Yanyao , Fan Ling , Rao Apparao M , Yu Weijian , Zhuoma Caixiang , Feng Yanhong , Qin Zhihui , Zhou Jiang , Lu Bingan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractElectrolyte anions are critical for achieving high-voltage stable potassium-metal batteries (PMBs). However, the common anions cannot simultaneously prevent the formation of ‘dead K’ and the corrosion of Al current collector, resulting in poor cycling stability. Here, we demonstrate cyclic anion of hexafluoropropane-1,3-disulfonimide-based electrolytes that can mitigate the ‘dead K’ and remarkably enhance the high-voltage stability of PMBs. Particularly, even using low salt concentration (0.8 M) and additive-free carbonate-based electrolytes, the PMBs with a high-voltage polyanion cathode (4.4 V) also exhibit excellent cycling stability of 200 cycles with a good capacity retention of 83%. This noticeable electrochemical performance is due to the highly efficient passivation ability of the cyclic anions on both anode and cathode surfaces. This cyclic-anion-based electrolyte design strategy is also suitable for lithium and sodium-metal battery technologies.
Incidence and risk factors for autism spectrum disorder among infants born &lt;29 weeks’ gestation
Authors: Busque Andrée-Anne , Jabbour Elias , Patel Sharina , Couture Élise , Garfinkle Jarred , Khairy May , Claveau Martine , Beltempo Marc 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective
This study was aimed to assess the incidence of and risk factors for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among preterm infants born &lt;29 weeks’ gestational age (GA).

Methods
A retrospective cohort study of infants born &lt;29 weeks’ GA admitted to two tertiary neonatal intensive care units (2009 to 2017) and followed ≥18 months corrected age (CA) at a neonatal follow-up clinic. The primary outcome was ASD, diagnosed using standardized testing or provisional diagnosis at ≥18 months CA. Patient data and 18-month CA developmental outcomes were obtained from the local Canadian Neonatal Follow Up Network database and chart review. Stepwise logistic regression assessed factors associated with ASD.

Results
Among 300 eligible infants, 26 (8.7%) were diagnosed with confirmed and 21 (7.0%) with provisional ASD for a combined incidence of 15.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 11.7 to 20.3). The mean follow-up duration was 3.9 ± 1.4 years and the mean age of diagnosis was 3.7 ± 1.5 years. Male sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.63, 95% CI 2.12 to 10.10), small for gestational age status (aOR 3.03, 95% CI 1.02 to 9.01), maternal age ≥35 years at delivery (aOR 2.22, 95% CI 1.08 to 4.57) and smoking during pregnancy (aOR 5.67, 95% CI 1.86 to 17.29) were significantly associated with ASD. Among ASD infants with a complete 18-month CA developmental assessment, 46% (19/41) had no neurodevelopmental impairment (Bayley-III&lt;70, deafness, blindness, or cerebral palsy).

Conclusions
ASD is common among infants born &lt;29 weeks’ GA and possibly associated with identified risk factors. Such findings emphasize the importance of ASD evaluation among infants &lt;29 weeks’ GA and for continued reporting of developmental outcomes beyond 18-months of corrected age.
Exercise Intervention in Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: Benefits to Fitness, Symptoms, Hippocampal Volumes, and Functional Connectivity
Authors: Damme Katherine S F , Gupta Tina , Ristanovic Ivanka , Kimhy David , Bryan Angela D , Mittal Vijay A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-p) are less fit than nonclinical peers and show hippocampal abnormalities that relate to clinical symptoms. Exercise generates hippocampal neurogenesis that may ameliorate these hippocampal abnormalities and related cognitive/clinical symptoms. This study examines the impact of exercise on deficits in fitness, cognitive deficits, attenuated psychotic symptoms, hippocampal volumes, and hippocampal connectivity in individuals at CHR-p.

Study Design
In a randomized controlled trial, 32 individuals at CHR-p participated in either an exercise (n = 17) or waitlist (no exercise) (n = 15) condition. All participants were sedentary at use and absent of current antipsychotic medication, psychosis diagnoses, or a substance use disorder. The participants completed a series of fitness, cognitive tasks, clinical assessments, and an MRI session preintervention and postintervention. The exercise intervention included a high-intensity interval exercise (80% of VO2max) with 1-minute high-intensity intervals (95% of VO2max) every 10 minutes) protocol twice a week over 3 months.

Study Results
The exercise intervention was well tolerated (83.78% retention; 81.25% completion). The exercising CHR-p group showed that improved fitness (pre/post-d = 0.53), increased in cognitive performance (pre/post-d = 0.49), decrease in positive symptoms (pre/post-d = 1.12) compared with the waitlist group. Exercising individuals showed stable hippocampal volumes; waitlist CHR-p individuals showed 3.57% decreased hippocampal subfield volume. Exercising individuals showed that increased exercise-related hippocampal connectivity compared to the waitlist individuals.

Conclusions
The exercise intervention had excellent adherence, and there were clear signs of mechanism engagement. Taken together, evidence suggests that high-intensity exercise can be a beneficial therapeutic tool in the psychosis risk period.
Mapping Retinal Abnormalities in Psychosis: Meta-analytical Evidence for Focal Peripapillary and Macular Reductions
Authors: Gonzalez-Diaz Jairo M , Radua Joaquim , Sanchez-Dalmau Bernardo , Camos-Carreras Anna , Zamora Diana C , Bernardo Miquel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have suggested that the retina structure is affected in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). We aimed to investigate the location and size of the potential differences between patients and healthy controls (HC) in several thickness and volume measures across the retinaStudy DesignWe included cross-sectional studies comparing peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness, macular volume, macular thickness (MT), foveal thickness, ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer thickness (GCL+IPL), cup volume, and cup/disc ratio (C/D) in the right and/or left eyes and/or the pRNFL and MT quadrants between patients with SSD and HC. Search databases were MEDLINE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central, and medrxiv.org. Risk of bias was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Standardized mean differences (SMD), subgroup analysis, and meta-regression with several variables were computed using the dmetar package in R. PROSPERO: CRD42021287873.Study ResultsData from 22 reports (942 patients, 742 HC) were included. We found a retinal thinning in pRNFL (−0.30; 95% CI: −0.46, −0.14), macula (−0.37; 95% CI: −0.61, −0.13), and GCL+IPL (−0.33; 95% CI: −0.57, −0.10). The retinal thinning was especially pronounced in the superior and inferior quadrants of the inner ring of the macula. We also observed a decrease of macular volume (−0.44; 95% CI: −0.68, −0.20) and an increase in C/D ratio (0.35; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.67).ConclusionsCurrent evidence demonstrates retinal thinning in SSD, affecting both axonal and cellular structures, specially focused in the inner ring of the macula.
Patients’ Experiences of Clozapine for Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Parkes Steven , Mantell Bethany , Oloyede Ebenezer , Blackman Graham 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundClozapine is the most effective antipsychotic for patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), however, it remains widely under-utilized in clinical practice. To date, relatively little attention has been given to patients’ experience of clozapine. By synthesizing the existing literature, we sought to determine the experiences of patients with TRS treated with clozapine.MethodsA systematic review was conducted on Embase, Medline, PsychInfo, and PubMed databases for studies from 1956 to 2021. English language studies and those based on adult patients prescribed clozapine for TRS were included.ResultsThirteen studies were included with a total of 1487 patients and a narrative synthesis was performed. Overall, most patients reported positive experiences of clozapine, with generally high levels of satisfaction, alongside symptom improvement and preference over previous medications. Negative experiences of clozapine were less common, but when mentioned, focused on blood tests and common side effects, including hypersalivation and weight gain.ConclusionsThis is the first systematic review exploring patients’ subjective experiences of clozapine for TRS. Findings suggest that patients generally have a favorable experience when being treated with clozapine. However, conclusions are limited by the risk of bias, particularly survivorship bias. High-quality longitudinal studies exploring patients’ experiences of clozapine are indicated for the future.
Low carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 activity is a risk factor for narcolepsy type 1 and other hypersomnia
Authors: Honda Makoto , Shigematsu Yosuke , Shimada Mihoko , Honda Yoshiko , Tokunaga Katsushi , Miyagawa Taku 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is associated with metabolic abnormalities but their etiology remains largely unknown. The gene for carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (CPT1B) and abnormally low serum acylcarnitine levels have been linked to NT1. To elucidate the details of altered fatty acid metabolism, we determined levels of individual acylcarnitines and evaluated CPT1 activity in patients with NT1 and other hypersomnia.

Methods
Blood samples from 57 NT1, 51 other hypersomnia patients, and 61 healthy controls were analyzed. The levels of 25 major individual acylcarnitines were determined and the C0/(t[C16] + t[C18]) ratio was used as a CPT1 activity marker. We further performed transcriptome analysis using independent blood samples from 42 NT1 and 42 healthy controls to study the relevance of fatty acid metabolism. NT1-specific changes in CPT1 activity and in expression of related genes were investigated.

Results
CPT1 activity was lower in patients with NT1 (p = 0.00064) and other hypersomnia (p = 0.0014) than in controls. Regression analysis revealed that CPT1 activity was an independent risk factor for NT1 (OR: 1.68; p = 0.0031) and for other hypersomnia (OR: 1.64; p = 0.0042). There was a significant interaction between obesity (BMI &lt;25, ≥25) and the SNP rs5770917 status such that nonobese NT1 patients without risk allele had better CPT1 activity (p = 0.0089). The expression levels of carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase (CACT) and CPT2 in carnitine shuttle were lower in NT1 (p = 0.000051 and p = 0.00014, respectively).

Conclusions
These results provide evidences that abnormal fatty acid metabolism is involved in the pathophysiology of NT1 and other hypersomnia.
HLA-A*01:01 allele vanishing in COVID-19 patients population associated with non-structural epitope abundance in CD8+ T-cell repertoire
Authors: Shkurnikov Maxim , Nersisyan Stepan , Averinskaya Darya , Chekova Milena , Polyakov Fedor , Titov Aleksei , Doroshenko Dmitriy , Vechorko Valery , Tonevitsky Alexander 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn mid-2021, the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant caused the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in several countries worldwide. The pivotal studies were aimed at studying changes in the efficiency of neutralizing antibodies to the spike protein. However, much less attention was paid to the T-cell response and the presentation of virus peptides by MHC-I molecules. In this study, we compared the features of the HLA-I genotype in symptomatic patients with COVID-19 in the first and third waves of the pandemic. As a result, we could identify the vanishing of carriers of the HLA-A*01:01 allele in the third wave and demonstrate the unique properties of this allele. Thus, HLA-A*01:01-binding immunoprevalent epitopes are mostly derived from ORF1ab. A set of epitopes from ORF1ab was tested, and their high immunogenicity was confirmed. Moreover, analysis of the results of single-cell phenotyping of T-cells in recovered patients showed that the predominant phenotype in HLA-A*01:01 carriers is central memory T-cells. The predominance of T-lymphocytes of this phenotype may contribute to forming long-term T-cell immunity in carriers of this allele. Our results can be the basis for highly effective vaccines based on ORF1ab peptides.
Revised spectral metrics for body surface measurements of gastric electrophysiology
Authors: Schamberg Gabriel , Varghese Chris , Calder Stefan , Waite Stephen , Erickson Jonathan , O’Grady Greg , Gharibans Armen A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundElectrogastrography (EGG) non-invasively evaluates gastric function but has not achieved common clinical adoption due to several technical limitations. Body Surface Gastric Mapping (BSGM) has been introduced to overcome these limitations, but pitfalls in traditional metrics used to analyze spectral data remain unaddressed. This study critically evaluates five traditional EGG metrics and introduces improved BSGM spectral metrics, with validation in a large cohort.MethodsPitfalls in five EGG metrics were assessed (dominant frequency, percentage time normogastria, amplitude, power ratio, and instability coefficient), leading to four revised BSGM spectral metrics. Traditional and revised metrics were compared to validate performance using a 100 BSGM subject database (30 min baseline; 4-hrs postprandial), recorded using Gastric Alimetry (Alimetry, New Zealand).Key ResultsBMI and amplitude were highly correlated (r=-0.57, p<0.001). We applied a conservative BMI correction to obtain aBMI-adjusted amplitudemetric (r=-0.21, p=0.037). Instability coefficient was highly correlated with both dominant frequency (r=-0.44, p<0.001), and percent bradygastria (r=0.85, p<0.001), in part due to conflation of low frequency transients with gastric activity. This was corrected by introducing distinct gastric frequency and stability metrics (Principal Gastric FrequencyandGastric Alimetry Rhythm Index (GA-RI))that were uncorrelated (r=0.14, p=0.314). Only 28% of subjects showed a maximal averaged amplitude within the first postprandial hour. CalculatingFed:Fasted Amplitude Ratioover a 4-hr postprandial window yielded a median increase of 0.31 (IQR 0-0.64) above the traditional ratio.Conclusions & InferencesThe revised metrics resolve critical pitfalls impairing the performance of traditional EGG, and should be applied in future BSGM spectral analyses.
Organs-on-a-Chip Database (OOCDB): A Comprehensive, Systematic and Real-time Organs-on-a-chip Database
Authors: Li Jian , Liang Weicheng , Chen Zaozao , Li Xingyu , Gu Pan , Liu Anna , Chen Pin , Li Qiwei , Mei Xueyin , Yang Jing , Liu Jun , Jiang Lincao , Gu Zhongze 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOrgans-on-a-Chip is a microfluidic microphysiological system that uses microfluidic technology to make high-resolution and real-time imaging analysis on the structure and function of living human cells at the level of tissue and organ in vitro. Compared with the traditional two-dimensional cell culture model and animal model, organs-on-a-chip technology can simulate the pathological and toxicological interactions between different organs or tissues more closely and reflect the collaborative response of multiple organs to drugs. Although lots of organs-on-a-chip-related literature have been published, none of current databases have achieved all the following functionalities yet: searching, downloading and analyzing data and results from literature of organs-on-a-chip. To address this need, we established a database named organs-on-a-chip database (OOCDB), as a platform to integrate information related to organs-on-a-chip from various sources: literature, patents, microarray and transcriptome sequencing raw data, many open access data of organs-on-a-chip and organoids, as well as the data generated in our lab. OOCDB comprises dozens of sub databases and analysis tools and each sub database contains a number of data related to organs-on-a-chip, aiming to provide a comprehensive, systematic and convenient search engine for researchers. In addition, it provides functions such as mathematical modeling, three-dimensional model and citation map to meet the needs of researchers and to promote the development of organs-on-a-chip. The organs-on-a-chip database can be visited athttp://www.organchip.cn.
SEPRES: Sepsis prediction via the clinical data integration system in the ICU
Authors: Chen Qiyu , Li Ranran , Lin ChihChe , Lai Chiming , Huang Yaling , Lu Wenlian , Li Lei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe lack of information interoperability between different devices and systems in the ICU hinders further utilization of data, especially for early warning of specific diseases in the ICU.ObjectivesWe aimed to establish a real-time early warning system for sepsis based on a data integration system that can be implemented at the bedside of the intensive care unit (ICU), named SEPRES.MethodsData is collected from bedside devices through the integration hub and uploaded to the integration system through the local area network. The data integration system was designed to integrate vital signs data, laboratory data, ventilator data, demographic data, pharmacy data, nursing data, etc. from multiple medical devices and systems. It integrates, standardizes, and stores information, making the real-time inference of the early warning module possible. The built-in sepsis early warning module can detect the onset of sepsis within 5 hours preceding at most.ResultsOur data integration system has already been deployed in Ruijin Hospital, confirming the effectiveness of our system.ConclusionsWe highlight that SEPRES has the potential to improve ICU management by helping medical practitioners identify at-sepsis-risk patients and prepare for timely diagnosis and intervention.