bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distributed sparse normal means estimation with sublinear communication
Authors: Amiraz Chen , Krauthgamer Robert , Nadler Boaz 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We consider the problem of sparse normal means estimation in a distributed setting with communication constraints. We assume there are $M$ machines, each holding $d$-dimensional observations of a $K$-sparse vector $\boldsymbol \mu $ corrupted by additive Gaussian noise. The $M$ machines are connected in a star topology to a fusion center, whose goal is to estimate the vector $\boldsymbol \mu $ with a low communication budget. Previous works have shown that to achieve the centralized minimax rate for the $\ell _2$ risk, the total communication must be high—at least linear in the dimension $d$. This phenomenon occurs, however, at very weak signals. We show that at signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) that are sufficiently high—but not enough for recovery by any individual machine—the support of $\boldsymbol \mu $ can be correctly recovered with significantly less communication. Specifically, we present two algorithms for distributed estimation of a sparse mean vector corrupted by either Gaussian or sub-Gaussian noise. We then prove that above certain SNR thresholds, with high probability, these algorithms recover the correct support with total communication that is sublinear in the dimension $d$. Furthermore, the communication decreases exponentially as a function of signal strength. If in addition $KM\ll \tfrac{d}{\log d}$, then with an additional round of sublinear communication, our algorithms achieve the centralized rate for the $\ell _2$ risk. Finally, we present simulations that illustrate the performance of our algorithms in different parameter regimes.
Matrix orthogonality in the plane versus scalar orthogonality in a Riemann surface
Authors: Charlier Christophe 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe consider a non-Hermitian matrix orthogonality on a contour in the complex plane. Given a diagonalizable and rational matrix valued weight, we show that the Christoffel–Darboux (CD) kernel, which is built in terms of matrix orthogonal polynomials, is equivalent to a scalar valued reproducing kernel of meromorphic functions in a Riemann surface. If this Riemann surface has genus $0$, then the matrix valued CD kernel is equivalent to a scalar reproducing kernel of polynomials in the plane. Interestingly, this scalar reproducing kernel is not necessarily a scalar CD kernel. As an application of our result, we show that the correlation kernel of certain doubly periodic lozenge tiling models admits a double contour integral representation involving only a scalar CD kernel. This simplifies a formula of Duits and Kuijlaars.
Serum Levels of Proinflammatory Lipid Mediators and Specialized Proresolving Molecules Are Increased in Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 and Correlate With Markers of the Adaptive Immune Response
Authors: Turnbull James , Jha Rakesh R , Ortori Catherine A , Lunt Eleanor , Tighe Patrick J , Irving William L , Gohir Sameer A , Kim Dong-Hyun , Valdes Ana M , Tarr Alexander W , Barrett David A , Chapman Victoria 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Specialized proresolution molecules (SPMs) halt the transition to chronic pathogenic inflammation. We aimed to quantify serum levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory bioactive lipids in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) patients, and to identify potential relationships with innate responses and clinical outcome.

Methods
Serum from 50 hospital admitted inpatients (22 female, 28 male) with confirmed symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and 94 age- and sex-matched controls collected prior to the pandemic (SARS-CoV-2 negative), were processed for quantification of bioactive lipids and anti-nucleocapsid and anti-spike quantitative binding assays.

Results
SARS-CoV-2 serum had significantly higher concentrations of omega-6–derived proinflammatory lipids and omega-6– and omega-3–derived SPMs, compared to the age- and sex-matched SARS-CoV-2–negative group, which were not markedly altered by age or sex. There were significant positive correlations between SPMs, proinflammatory bioactive lipids, and anti-spike antibody binding. Levels of some SPMs were significantly higher in patients with an anti-spike antibody value &gt;0.5. Levels of linoleic acid and 5,6-dihydroxy-8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoic acid were significantly lower in SARS-CoV-2 patients who died.

Conclusions
SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with increased levels of SPMs and other pro- and anti-inflammatory bioactive lipids, supporting the future investigation of the underlying enzymatic pathways, which may inform the development of novel treatments.
Scoliosis and spina bifida contributing to strangulation of a hiatus hernia: a case report
Authors: Shean Christopher , Balasooriya Janaka 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Hiatus hernia is defined as a trans-diaphragmatic protrusion of the intra-abdominal contents through the oesophageal hiatus into the mediastinum. Surgical repair is indicated in symptomatic patients, with some patients presenting emergently with strangulation and ischaemia of hernial contents. In this situation, emergent decompression and surgical repair is indicated. Although it has been suggested previously that kyphoscoliosis may contribute to development and progression of hiatus hernia, there are no published reports of obstruction being caused by severe spinal deformity. A 67-year-old male patient with spina bifida and severe scoliosis who presented with an obstructed hiatus hernia is discussed here. Because of his obstruction, laparoscopic hiatus hernia repair and fundoplication was undertaken. The patient had an uncomplicated recovery following this. This case highlights the importance of providing definitive management to patients with difficult anatomy, which has caused their obstruction, as conservative management is unlikely to lead to an optimal outcome.
Coblation debulking of a paediatric laryngeal plexiform neurofibroma: a pragmatic response to a rare tumour
Authors: Schuster-Bruce James , Kelly Mairead , Bernic Ana , Brar Sabrina , Barber Joy , Modayil Prince 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Laryngeal neurofibroma is a rare but important differential diagnosis in a patient presenting with stridor. In paediatric patients, these lesions present a management conundrum: complete surgical resection is the established treatment of choice, but an aggressive approach can be detrimental to developing anatomy. We report the case of a plexiform neurofibroma affecting the right hemilarynx of a 3-year-old boy. Endoscopy revealed a large tumour, involving the right aryepiglottic fold and extending into the piriform sinus, ventricle and the false cord. Given the patient’s young age and the challenging tumour location, the lesion was debulked, rather than resected, using coblation (low-temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation). At 30 months follow-up, the neurofibroma has mildly increased in size—in line with expectations that these lesions exhibit slow growth throughout childhood—but there are no significant respiratory symptoms and there is no functional impairment.
Recent formation and likely cometary activity of near-Earth asteroid pair 2019 PR2–2019 QR6
Authors: Fatka Petr , Moskovitz Nicholas A , Pravec Petr , Micheli Marco , Devogèle Maxime , Gustafsson Annika , Kueny Jay , Skiff Brian , Kušnirák Peter , Christensen Eric , Ries Judit , Brucker Melissa , McMillan Robert , Larsen Jeffrey , Mastaler Ron , Bressi Terry 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Asteroid pairs are genetically related asteroids that recently separated (&lt;few million years), but still reside on similar heliocentric orbits. A few hundred of these systems have been identified, primarily in the asteroid main belt. Here, we studied a newly discovered pair of near-Earth objects (NEOs): 2019 PR2 and 2019 QR6. Based on broad-band photometry, we found these asteroids to be spectrally similar to D-types, a type rare amongst NEOs. We recovered astrometric observations for both asteroids from the Catalina Sky Survey from 2005, which significantly improved their fitted orbits. With these refinements we ran backwards orbital integrations to study formation and evolutionary history. We found that neither a pure gravitational model nor a model with the Yarkovsky effect could explain their current orbits. We thus implemented two models of comet-like non-gravitational forces based on water or CO sublimation. The first model assumed quasi-continuous, comet-like activity after separation, which suggested a formation time of the asteroid pair $300^{+120}_{-70}$ yr ago. The second model assumed short-term activity for up to one heliocentric orbit (∼13.9 yr) after separation, which suggested that the pair formed 272 ± 7 yr ago. Image stacks showed no activity for 2019 PR2 during its last perihelion passage. These results strongly argue for a common origin that makes these objects the youngest asteroid pair known to date. Questions remain regarding whether these objects derived from a parent comet or asteroid, and how activity may have evolved since their separation.
Addendum: Precision in high resolution absorption line modelling, analytic Voigt derivatives, and optimization methods
Authors: Lee Chung-Chi , Webb John K , Carswell Robert F 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
The parent paper to this Addendum describes the optimization theory on which vpfit, a non-linear least-squares program for modelling absorption spectra, is based. In that paper, we show that Voigt function derivatives can be calculated analytically using Taylor series expansions and look-up tables, for the specific case of one column density parameter for each absorption component. However, in many situations, modelling requires more complex parameterization, such as summed column densities over a whole absorption complex, or common pattern relative ion abundances. This Addendum provides those analytic derivatives.
Phase-resolved spectroscopy of a quasi-periodic oscillation in the black hole X-ray binary GRS 1915+105 with NICER and NuSTAR
Authors: Nathan Edward , Ingram Adam , Homan Jeroen , Huppenkothen Daniela , Uttley Phil , van der Klis Michiel , Motta Sara , Altamirano Diego , Middleton Matthew 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) are often present in the X-ray flux from accreting stellar-mass black holes (BHs). If they are due to relativistic (Lense–Thirring) precession of an inner accretion flow which is misaligned with the disc, the iron emission line caused by irradiation of the disc by the inner flow will rock systematically between red and blue shifted during each QPO cycle. Here, we conduct phase-resolved spectroscopy of an ∼2.2 Hz type-C QPO from the BH X-ray binary GRS 1915+105, observed simultaneously with NICER and NuSTAR. We apply a tomographic model in order to constrain the QPO phase-dependent illumination profile of the disc. We detect the predicted QPO phase-dependent shifts of the iron line centroid energy, with our best fit featuring an asymmetric illumination profile (&gt;2σ confidence). The observed line energy shifts can alternatively be explained by the spiral density waves of the accretion-ejection instability model. However, we additionally measure a significant (&gt;3σ) modulation in reflection fraction, strongly favouring a geometric QPO origin. We infer that the disc is misaligned with previously observed jet ejections, which is consistent with the model of a truncated disc with an inner precessing hot flow. However, our inferred disc inner radius is small (rin ∼ 1.4 GM/c2). For this disc inner radius, Lense–Thirring precession cannot reproduce the observed QPO frequency. In fact, this disc inner radius is incompatible with the predictions of all well-studied QPO models in the literature.
Estimation of gastric cancer burden attributable toHelicobacter pyloriinfection in Asia
Authors: Ji Xuanke , He Gui , Wang Kunyan , Zhang Yuehua , Yin Jingjing , Wang Kaijuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori causes large burden of gastric cancer (GC) in Asia. We aimed to comprehensively quantify the burden of GC attributable to H. pylori infection in Asia.MethodsWe searched related articles from January 1998 to December 2020 to obtain the prevalence and relative risks (or odds ratio) of GC associated with H. pylori in Asia. The burden of GC attributable to H. pylori infection was quantified by Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) and Disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs).ResultsWe quantified the burden of GC attributable to H. pylori infection with 415.6 thousand DALYs and 38.03% PAF through the five included Asian countries in 2019. The study found that the burden had obvious regional differences. The DALYs ranged from 298.9 thousand in China to 1.9 thousand in Malaysia, and the PAFs were between 58.00% in Japan and 30.89% in China. The average prevalence of H. pylori in the included general population was estimated to be 56.29%.ConclusionsHelicobacter pylori poses a huge disease burden of GC to the population, and its eradication should receive attention, especially in the countries with high incidence of and mortality due to GC.
Digital Microcertification: An Interprofessional Simulation Experience for Undergraduate Nursing and Medical Laboratory Students
Authors: Graham Leslie , Goulding Helene Marie , Chorney Dana , Coffey Sue 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Badges of merit, or microcertification, have increased in popularity to acknowledge achievement of skills or proficiency in a profession-specific competency and incentivize the learning experience. Outcome criteria are rigorously established by an academic institution to preserve the integrity of the microcredential or badge. On the premise that a microcredential may be favored by future employers, stakeholder involvement in the microcredential process strategically enhances employer awareness. This article describes use of a simulation experience with nursing and medical laboratory science students to demonstrate competencies in interprofessional communication to achieve a digital microcredential.
Developing a Culture of Civility in Nursing Students
Authors: Abedini Zahra , Saeedi Maryam , Khalajinia Zohre , Ahmari Tehran Hoda 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Incivility is a significant problem in nursing education. The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of culture management on incivility in nursing students. Nursing faculty and students participated in a quasi-experimental study. The program included the formation of a committee, development of codes of conduct, giving positive scores for civil behaviors, and setting a vision. Behavioral changes were assessed before and after the intervention. There were significant differences between the two groups for perceived level and occurrence rate of incivility (p < .05).
Outcome of Temporary Circulatory Support As a Bridge-to-Left Ventricular Assist Device Strategy in Cardiogenic Shock Patients
Authors: Bidaut Auriane , Flécher Erwan , Nesseler Nicolas , Bounader Karl , Vincentelli André , Moussa Mouhammed , Delmas Clément , Porterie Jean , Nubret Karine , Pernot Mathieu , Kindo Michel , Schneider Clément , Gaudard Philippe , Rouvière Philippe , Michel Magali , Sénage Thomas , Boignard Aude , Chavanon Olivier , Verdonk Constance , Para Marylou , Maille Baptiste , Gariboldi Vlad , Pozzi Matteo , Hugon-Vallet Elisabeth , Litzler Pierre-Yves , Anselme Frédéric , Blanchart Katrien , Babatasi Gerard , Bielefeld Marie , Grosjean Sandrine , Radu Costin , Hamon David , Bourguignon Thierry , Genet Thibaud , Eschalier Romain , D’Ostrevy Nicolas , Nougue Hélène , Martin Anne Cécile , Vanhuyse Fabrice , Blangy Hugues , Leclercq Christophe , Martins Raphael P. , Galand Vincent 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVES:
Temporary circulatory support (TCS) as a bridge-to-left ventricular assist device (BTL) in cardiogenic shock patients has been increasing, but limited data exists on this BTL strategy. We aimed at analyzing the outcome of BTL patients in a population of cardiogenic shock patients compared with those without TCS at the time of the left ventricular assist device (LVAD) surgery and identify predictors of postoperative mortality in this specific population.

DESIGN:
A multicenter retrospective observational study conducted in 19 centers from 2006 to 2016.

SETTING:
Nineteen French centers.

PATIENTS:
A total of 329 cardiogenic shock patients at the time of LVAD implantation were analyzed. Patients were divided in three groups: those under TCS at the time of LVAD implantation (n = 173), those with TCS removal before LVAD surgery (n = 24), and those who did not undergo a bridging strategy (n = 152). Primary endpoint was 30-day mortality.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Among the BTL group, 68 (39.3%), 18 (10.4%), and 15 (8.7%) patients were under venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, Impella, and IABP support alone, and 72 patients (20.6%) were under multiple TCS support. BTL patients presented similar 30 days survival compared with the TCS removal and non-BTL groups. However, BTL group had a significantly longer ICU duration stay, with two-fold duration of mechanical ventilation time, but the three groups experienced similar postoperative complications. Multivariate analysis identified three independent predictors of mortality in the BTL group: combined surgery with LVAD, body mass index (BMI), and heart failure (HF) duration. BTL strategy was not an independent predictor of mortality in cardiogenic shock patients who underwent LVAD.

CONCLUSIONS:
BTL strategy is not associated with a lower survival among cardiogenic shock patients with LVAD implantation. Predictors of mortality are combined surgery with LVAD, higher BMI, and HF duration.
Predictors of Preadolescent Children's Recreational Screen Time Duration During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: McArthur Brae Anne , Eirich Rachel , McDonald Sheila , Tough Suzanne , Madigan Sheri 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Research suggests that children's screen use during the COVID-19 pandemic has doubled. There is a need to understand factors associated with increased use to more adequately inform COVID-19 pandemic recovery efforts aimed at promoting healthy device habits. The objective of this multi-informant study of children aged 9 to 11 years was to examine whether duration of screen use during the COVID-19 pandemic was predicted by sociodemographic factors (e.g., child age and sex), COVID-19 pandemic family stressors, daily routines (e.g., sleep and physical activity), and device use factors (e.g., parent management strategies and content and context of use).

Methods:
Participants included 846 children (M = 9.85, SD = 0.78) and their mothers from the All Our Families cohort, Calgary, Canada. Mothers reported (May–July 2020) on child screen use and COVID-19 pandemic impacts (e.g., job/income loss and stress), and children self-reported (July–August 2020) on their screen use and daily routines (e.g., sleep, physical activity, and device-free activities).

Results:
Screen use during the COVID-19 pandemic was highest among male and minoritized children and families reporting high levels of stress. Children had lower durations of screen time when device limits were set by mothers. Children also had lower durations of screen time when they used screens to connect with others and when they engaged in higher levels of physical activity or device-free recreational activities.

Conclusion:
This study sheds light on children's screen use during the COVID-19 pandemic and supports the current screen use guidelines for school-aged children, suggesting that parents monitor use and foster high-quality screen use (e.g., coviewing or used for connection) and device-free recreational activities when possible.
One-year outcomes of the treat-and-extend regimen using aflibercept for the treatment of diabetic macular edema
Authors: Sheu Shwu-Jiuan , Yang Chang-Hao , Lai Chi-Chun , Wu Pei-Chang , Chen Shih-Jen 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Optimal regimen using intravitreal aflibercept injections for diabetic macular edema (DME) in clinical practice remains to be elucidated. The purpose of this study is to evaluate a treat-and-extend (TAE) approach using intravitreal aflibercept in participants with center-involved DME.

Methods:
A 52-week open-label, prospective, multicenter, interventional study was conducted between August 2015 and November 2017 in Taiwan. Adults with diabetes mellitus and center-involved DME who have best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 73 to 24 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters and central retinal thickness (CRT) >300 μm were included. Participants received five monthly loading doses of 2 mg intravitreal aflibercept, followed by a TAE regimen with a four-week increment/decrement interval over 48 weeks; the maximum interval was 12 weeks. Main outcomes included changes in BCVA and CRT from baseline to week 52, additional anatomical outcomes, and treatment burden parameters.

Results:
Forty-five participants with mean (SD) age of 63.7 (8.3) years were analyzed. At baseline, mean (SD) BCVA and CRT were 58.3 (11.9) letters and 434.4 (116.8) μm, respectively. Changes from baseline in BCVA and CRT were +8.3 (9.3) letters and –138.2 (150.0) μm (both p < 0.001) at week 52, respectively. In addition, 22% (10/45) of patients gained ≥15 letters, 14% (6/44) of participants achieved ≥2-level improvement in diabetic retinopathy severity, and 51% (23/45) demonstrated dry retina at week 52 compared with 13% (6/45) at baseline. In total, 87% (39/45) of patients reached disease stability, entering TAE at week 20. Subsequently, 89% (40/45) of patients reached maximum interval at week 52. Mean (SD) number of injections was 7.7 (1.5) over a period of 52 weeks.

Conclusion:
This straightforward and practical TAE regimen using intravitreal aflibercept injections resulted in favorable clinical outcomes with minimal treatment burden for DME at week 52.
Electrocardiographic Findings in Professional Male Athletes
Authors: Raman Karanvir S. , Vyselaar John R. 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
To generate granular normative electrocardiogram (ECG) data and characterize the variation by ethnicity and sport played.

Design:
Cross-sectional study; ECGs were collected from preseason screening programs from 2012 to 2019 and interpreted in accordance with athlete-specific guidelines.

Setting:
Of the professional athletes based in Vancouver, the North Shore Heart Centre performs the annual preparticipation ECG screening.

Participants:
Seven hundred fifty-three professional male athletes competing in hockey, football, lacrosse, skiing, and snowboarding.

Interventions:
Independent variables include commonly transcribed electrocardiographic findings, for example, those indicating benign and pathologic findings.

Main outcome measures:
Prevalence of and variance in electrocardiographic findings by sport played and ethnicity.

Results:
Of the 753 athletes, 171 (22.3%) were National Hockey League, 358 (47.5%) were Canadian Football League, 163 (21.6%) were Major League Soccer and/or the Canadian National Soccer team, and 61 (8%) others. The most common finding, sinus bradycardia, was more likely in both soccer (P < 0.001) and hockey (P < 0.001) versus football players. Early repolarization (ER) was more likely in soccer players versus both hockey (P < 0.001) and football players (P = 0.001). Within football, Black athletes (BA) were more likely than White athletes to display ER (P = 0.009), left ventricular hypertrophy (P = 0.004), and nonspecific ST changes (P = 0.027).

Conclusion:
Our study contributes to the generation of normative data for ECG findings while accounting for ethnic and sport-specific variation. The expected clinical presentation of endurance athletes, including soccer players, and the possible predisposition of BA to develop distinct adaptations can augment clinical care by delineating physiology from pathologic changes.