bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broadcasting as Internationalism
Authors: Kind-Kovács Friederike 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the idea that international broadcasting could promote direct contact and genuine understanding among different peoples, thus encouraging peace. It explains how utopian wireless internationalist rhetoric, and the initiatives of organizations like the International Broadcasting Union and the League of Nations, conflicted with the reality of radio propaganda. It also discusses the opposed capitalist and communist internationalisms of the Cold War and their impact on international broadcasting. It considers the effect of empire and decolonization on internationalist thinking about the wireless world. It also examines the role of Western discourses about human rights and the free flow of information. Case studies examine Portuguese imperial and colonial broadcasting, and the role of Radio Luxembourg in broadcasting across Europe before and during the Second World War.
Afterword
Authors: Kuitenbrouwer Vincent 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter considers the recent history of international broadcasting, how it has adjusted to new geopolitical dynamics and requirements, and new technological challenges and opportunities. In the wake of the fall of the Berlin Wall, many old international broadcasters underwent major transformations, and some disappeared entirely, as radio no longer seemed to be required to broadcast propaganda across borders. However, new conflicts, notably in Afghanistan and Iraq, soon led states and broadcasters to provide new radio services. Similarly, while new digital technologies seemed to indicate that radio was becoming a legacy medium, in many ways the Internet and new listening technologies allowed old wireless services and forms to live on. The chapter concludes by suggesting avenues for future research, particularly on radio and decolonization and broadcasting to and in the Global South.
Introduction
Authors: Kampianaki Theofili 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Introduction chapter starts with some basic information about the content of Zonaras’ chronicle, also outlining its most striking features. It further discusses the reasons of its popularity and importance for scholars interested in a wide range of subject areas. It offers details about the most important manuscripts and the editing history of the work, as well as about the translations of the text into modern languages. It explores aspects of the chronicle which have attracted scholarly attention, focusing on and assessing the only book-length study of the text so far, that of Iordanis Grigoriadis. It finally presents the contents of each chapter and the overall aim of the present book.
Prussia in the Historical Culture of the German Democratic Republic
Authors: Colla Marcus 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This book charts the afterlife of Prussia in the German Democratic Republic. No case study exemplifies the fluidity of the past within the GDR more powerfully than that of the history of the Prussian state. Initially attacked in East German official histories as the historical engine of German militarism and reaction, Prussia underwent a remarkable transformation in official and public memory from the late 1970s. In this ‘Prussia-Renaissance’, for the first time, the East German state began to recognise and even celebrate figures from Prussian history who had not served a ‘progressive’ agenda. But the GDR’s ‘Prussia-Renaissance’ was also a political and cultural phenomenon with a wide public resonance. Using the case study of Prussia, this book presents a multi-perspectival approach to the way that a distinctive ‘historical culture’ was constructed in the GDR. Examining political figures, historians, cultural elites, and heritage preservationists, as well as exhibitions, museums, television programmes, films, novels, plays, and artworks, it explores the way that the past was negotiated and disputed. In essence, the book poses four fundamental questions for our understanding of politics and culture in communist East Germany: how was history there ‘made’? How was it understood? How was it contested? And how was it used?
Conclusion—The Prussia Moment
Authors: Colla Marcus 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This conclusion addresses the aftermath of the ‘Prussia-Renaissance’ following the collapse of the GDR. After outlining the reburial of Frederick the Great’s mortal remains in Potsdam in 1991, it addresses some of the central political and cultural debates about the Prussian past in reunified Germany, up to the present day. This includes the reconstructions of the Berlin Schloss and the Potsdam Garnisonkirche, the place of so-called Prussian virtues in the rhetoric of the Alternative für Deutschland party (AfD), and the ‘Hohenzollern Debate’ still unfolding in the German press. Finally, it offers some reflections on why, in reunified Germany, the Prussian past has failed to stimulate the same degree of political and cultural passion that it had at the height of the ‘Prussia-Renaissance’.
Motivations for Leaving
Authors: Smith Frederick E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores Henrician and Edwardian émigrés’ motivations for leaving their homeland. It begins by demonstrating how important it is not to let any one source-type determine our analysis of these émigrés’ motives: explanations for their departures were dependent on who was doing the explaining, at what point and for what end. This chapter thereby highlights the extent to which the memory of these émigrés was a powerful polemical weapon which a number of different groups were anxious to control. Using a series of contextualised case-studies, it goes on to argue that Catholics exiled themselves from England for a variety of different reasons, reflecting their variegated understandings of what it meant to be ‘Catholic’, as well as the socio-economic difficulties inherent in flight.
Greek Literature and the Ideal
Authors: Kirichenko Alexander 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The contention of this book is that the development of Greek literature was motivated by the need to endow political geography with a sense of purposeful structure. It views Greek literature as a crucial factor in the cultural production of space and Greek geography as a crucial factor in the production of literary meaning. Its focus is on the idealizing images that Greek literature created of three spatial patterns of power distribution—a decentralized network of aristocratically governed communities (archaic Greece), a democratic city controlling an empire (classical Athens), and a microcosm of Greek culture located on foreign soil, ruled by quasi-divine royals, and populated by immigrants (Ptolemaic Alexandria). The book draws connections between the formation of these idealizing images and the emergence of such literary modes of meaning-making as the authoritative communication of the truth, the dialogic encouragement to search for the truth on one’s own, and the abandonment of transcendental goals for the sake of cultural memory and/or aesthetic pleasure. Its readings of such canonical Greek authors as Homer, Hesiod, the tragedians, Thucydides, Plato, Callimachus, and Theocritus show that the pragmatics of Greek literature (the sum total of the ideological, cognitive, and emotional effects that it seeks to produce) is, in essence, always a pragmatics of space—i.e. that there is a strong correlation between the historically conditioned patterns of political geography and the changing mechanisms whereby Greek literature enabled its recipients to make sense of their world.
Hesiod and the Language of Truth
Authors: Kirichenko Alexander 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The chapter begins by interpreting the prologue to the Theogony through the prism of the Odyssey as an assertion of the crucial role that poetry plays in securing the stability of aristocratic power. Then it proceeds to discuss the agricultural ideal of the Works and Days—the ideal of a farmer producing food by synchronizing his actions with the cycles of nature. It argues that Hesiod uses that ideal as a metaphor for how his own poetic language “does things with words” by aligning itself with divine truths. As a consequence, Hesiod positions himself as the only true winner of the competition that permeates all aspects of archaic Greek culture: he casts his own language as the closest thing in his contemporary world to Homer’s heroic ideal and offers that language to his non-heroic recipients as a guide to achieving a degree of self-sufficiency comparable to that of heroic essentialism.
The Ideal State of Athens
Authors: Kirichenko Alexander 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The chapter discusses the development of the Athenian equivalent of the ideology of heroic essentialism—i.e. the notion of the Athenian people as a collective hero. It begins by analysing tragedy’s contribution to the formation of the ideological construct of Athens as a city of autochthonous citizens fully identical with the soil from which they have notionally sprung. Then it turns to Thucydides’ version of Pericles’ funeral oration, reading it as a translation of the ideology of Athenian exceptionalism into unapologetically imperial terms: Thucydides replaces the autochthonous self-identity of the Athenians with an insatiable longing for an ever-elusive empire. The chapter concludes with a reading of Plato’s Menexenus as a ruthless parody of the “ideal state of Athens”—a city that justifies its imperial ambitions by appealing to its citizens’ allegedly superior nature.
Plato’s Ideal State of Philosophy
Authors: Kirichenko Alexander 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The chapter views Plato’s philosophical writing as a reaction to the two incompatible versions of the “ideal state of Athens” discussed in Chapter 3—a polity of self-identical citizens and an empire insatiably longing for the absent. It shows that Plato not only dismantles those ideological constructs but also constructs his own “ideal state” by notionally rolling them into one and presenting philosophy as an insatiable longing for the realm of self-identical things. After reading the Crito, the Apology, and the Symposium against the backdrop of the “ideal state of Athens,” the chapter proceeds to interpret the Phaedrus as a reflection on the ability of Plato’s writing to engender, in the reader’s “soul,” a desire for the “ideal state of philosophy.” It concludes by reading Plato’s Republic and Timaeus/Critias as a specimen of the dialogic writing that animates the reader to undertake a philosophical quest of her own.
Memory and Desire in Callimachus
Authors: Kirichenko Alexander 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The chapter begins by drawing an analogy between Callimachus’ portrayal of Alexandria in the Aetia and the Iambi (a city not only literally inhabited by Greek immigrants but also figuratively woven out of their cultural memories) and his notion of poetry as a site of intertextual memories. Then it points to similarities between the process of recollecting the spatially and temporally remote world of Greek culture, staged in Callimachus’ aetiological poetry, and the process of longing for an ever-elusive beloved—a process that Callimachus not only describes but also enacts in his erotic epigrams by parading them as epitomes of semantic elusiveness.
Norway's Pharmaceutical Revolution
Authors: Sogner Knut 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The academic–business effort of a handful of primarily large nations—the United States, Germany, Great Britain, Switzerland, and France—culminated in the 1930s and 1940s in a number of potent new therapeutics that created, with subsequent new products over the next decades, what is known as “the pharmaceutical revolution.” This was to a great degree based on academic–business collaboration and proved difficult to accomplish for other large nations like Japan, China, India, Italy, Spain, and Russia, not to mention smaller nations. However, companies in the smaller Scandinavian countries were able to join the group of pioneering nations in a narrow band of products and become original contributors to the pharmaceutical revolution. This book highlights the particular difficulties of the Norwegian experience that counted one major breakthrough and which shows just how challenging it was to join the elite countries in pharmaceuticals. The small and traditional generics company Nyegaard & Co. succeeded only in 1969 with the breakthrough of a new principle for X-ray contrast media. Until the 1960s, it had been distracted and hindered by the national drugs policy. The research success can largely be attributed to corporate competence and corporate initiatives to exploit the Scandinavian rather than the Norwegian medical ecosystem. And the subsequent innovations were made commercial successes through the building of international partnerships with larger corporations. Success came at a price, though, for at the very time the commercial success was at its greatest, in the 1990s, the organization had lost its innovative claw.
Everyday Practices of State Building in Ethiopia
Authors: Chinigò Davide 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEveryday practices of state building interrogates the question about how to reinstate movement to our conceptualization of state formation in Africa at a time in which the continent witnesses profound social and political transformations inscribed in increasingly globalized and localized dynamics. The book revisits key theories of the state, adopting a detailed empirical approach that studies how state power operates in the everyday. It locates the mutual constitution of state and society in the wide set of scalar processes that articulate how state power structures social life and, simultaneously, creates the conditions of possibility for new openings and social formations. Drawing on five qualitative fieldworks in Ethiopia between 2006 and 2018, the book identifies some important challenges that the ruling Ethiopian Peoples’ Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) has encountered in institutionalizing power through the developmental state, an ambitious model of state-mediated economic liberalization intended to fulfil the broader re-organization of the Ethiopian state alongside Ethnic Federalism since 1991. The case studies discuss how policies of resettlement, decentralization, agriculture commercialization, entrepreneurship, and industrialization, inscribed dynamics of inclusion and exclusion in both rural and urban areas. Against these profound transformations, beneficiaries casted new meanings to land, place, and work, alongside struggles to secure reproduction. Interrogating the notions of scale and performativity, the book revisits dominant approaches that in African studies read state formation together with centre-periphery relations and ascribe cultural interpretations to the work of state power in the everyday, ultimately contributing to important discussions about authoritarianism and ethnonationalism in contemporary Ethiopia.
Exclusivity
Authors: Head Dominic 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
How does contemporary nature prose dismantle the perception of an ethnically exclusive club? This chapter illustrates how writers of colour have accessed and revised literary traditions that historically have excluded them, and also, in the process, how they rework indigenous traditions that require us to question the construction of ‘the nonhuman environment’ in ways that both complement and challenge the ambivalent modes accounted for in the last chapter. In the texts considered here, the tensions and contradictions of hybrid cultural interactions also suggest connections, most especially in the ecological significance of mourning practices and responses to death. These practices can reveal how the dead reinvigorate the living, disavowing the impersonal aestheticization of death, forcing us to see the environment through the lens of human time and remembered injustice.
Constructing animal networks for parasite transmission inference
Authors: Mistrick Janine , Gilbertson Marie L.J. , White Lauren A. , Craft Meggan E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFor free-ranging wildlife, it is often more practical to quantify interactions between individuals rather than successful transmission events; however, defining and quantifying transmission-relevant interactions is non-trivial. Researchers have choices in the technology used to collect data on animal locations in space and time as well as the methods of analysis to define network edges from those data. These choices can significantly affect network structure and subsequent inferences drawn about transmission. The chapter explores empirical and theoretical examples of network data collection and analysis to highlight important considerations for transmission inference. Since parasite–host behavior feedbacks have been understudied in network analyses, we discuss how to incorporate these feedbacks into network applications using existing and novel approaches.
The genes of attraction: Mating behavior, immunogenetic variation, and parasite resistance
Authors: Winternitz Jamie C. , Abbate Jessica L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMate choice for indirect (genetic) benefits is puzzling because as sexual selection for “good genes” whittles away genetic variation in the population, the incentive to be choosy also disappears. One solution to this problem is that genetic variation could be maintained by natural selection imposed by continuously coevolving parasites. Indeed, immune genes are likely the best candidates for “good genes” models of mate choice as some of the most polymorphic regions in animal genomes are involved in immune defense against parasites and pathogens. This chapter reviews the theoretical prerequisites for immune genes to be involved in mate choice and discusses the mechanisms by which mate choice may act on immunogenetic variation. Through a systematic literature search it then identifies and summarizes examples of sexual selection acting on immune genes from across both vertebrate and invertebrate systems. Finally, this chapter identifies some of the important contextual factors that can complicate their discovery and lays out the challenges to testing the generality of this phenomenon.
The behavior of infected hosts: Behavioral tolerance, behavioral resilience, and their implications for behavioral competence
Authors: Stephenson Jessica F. , Adelman James S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAn infected host’s behavior should critically impact its own fitness and that of its parasites. However, the ubiquitous variation in behavior within and among individuals and the difficulty of linking behavioral observations directly to fitness make studying this phenomenon challenging. This chapter discusses how behavioral observations before, during, and after infection can yield valuable insights. In doing so, it considers the variation in, quantification of, and relationships among “behavioral tolerance,” a host’s ability to maintain fitness-enhancing behavior during infection; “behavioral resilience,” a host’s ability to regain pre-infection expression of fitness-enhancing behavior; and “behavioral competence,” the behavioral component of the probability that a host contributes to ongoing transmission. Analyzing these relationships is critical to revealing how behavior-parasite feedbacks drive disease spread and host–parasite coevolution.
Rehabilitating Conventionalism
Authors: Owens David 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter distinguishes the kind of social rule that concerns us from two other types of social regularity, namely the strategic equilibria described by Lewis and the phenomenon of joint agency or joint commitment discussed by Gilbert and Bratman. Different games of tennis are played independently of each other and different Italian families are separately raised but all this happens in a similar fashion and largely in accordance with certain rules. What is the value of doing these things in the same way and why should anyone take the rules of tennis or those of Italian family life seriously? This chapter sketches my answer—Modest Conventionalism—according to which being bound by conventional rules can be good for its own sake. Good practices are rich, stable, and socially useful, and this usually requires the practice to be widely diffused in social space and time. The chapter also raises some worries about alternative explanations of the value and authority of social practices. Attempts to treat social practices like neighbourliness simply as devices of social coordination or as methods of providing public goods misrepresent both the content and the structure of the norms of the practice. The chapter concludes by reviewing the different ways in which interests, both individual and collective, may ground the authority of the rules of a social practice and how such variations affect the normative structure of the practice.
Convention in Action
Authors: Owens David 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter asks first what a convention is and what it means for a convention to be recognized in a given society; second, how people might be motivated to act by their recognition of the prevailing conventions; and, third, how such recognition is transmitted between contemporaries and across the generations. As to the first, I distinguish a broader class of social rules whose authority is practice dependent from a subclass which I call conventions whose is authority is based on our deontic interests and ask what is involved in the recognition of such a convention. As to the second, reflection on habitual agency indicates how we should revise our model of intentional agency to accommodate the motivational psychology behind conventional behaviour, thus rejecting rationalism about obligation and answering the logical question raised in Chapter 2. As to the third, we consider the phenomenon of imitation, distinguishing it from other forms of social learning and showing how imitation can transmit habits of conformity from one person to the next. Finally, we formulate and respond to Mill’s attack on the ‘despotism of custom’ arguing that personal autonomy, as Mill himself understands it, actually presupposes a great deal of conformism and imitation.
Private Property
Authors: Owens David 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A regime of private property gives particular individuals exclusive control over the things around them. This chapter argues that people need that sort of control over their own bodies because they identify with their bodies, because they regard them as theirs. Such identification extends to the things around us. In coming to think of external things as ours, we acquire the need for exclusive control over them also. According to the Control Interest Hypothesis, what we need here is physical control, and the function of a property right is to confer such control on us. According to the Authority Interest Hypothesis, the function of a property right is instead to give us normative control over things, i.e. over the rights of use and exclusion that involve them. The latter hypothesis explains why we remain interested in ownership even where it gives us no physical control over the thing owned. The chapter concludes by considering the role played by collective interests in shaping a system of private property rights, and argues that the rules of private property are best understood as hybrid conventions.