bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic polarization selective spectroscopy of magnetic thin films probed by wideband crossed microstrip circuit in GHz regime
Authors: Arakawa Tomonori , Shiota Yoichi , Yamada Keisuke , Ono Teruo , Kon Seitaro 
Published: January 2022

We have developed a method to obtain wideband magnetic polarization selective spectra of magnetic thin films by using circularly polarized microwaves. The combination of an over-coupled crossed microstrip resonator and a hybrid coupler enables broadband and accurate control of circularly polarized microwaves. The performance of the present method was demonstrated with an yttrium iron garnet thin film, and we detected the magnetic polarization dependence of a Kittel mode and a perpendicular standing spin wave mode in the range of 3–20 GHz. In addition, three types of crossed microstrip resonators were systematically studied with experiments and simulations. As a result, we achieved the polarization efficiency of 80% and found how to optimize the crossed microstrip resonator depending on the desired sensitivity, bandwidth, or sample size.
Novel design for a polarizing DUV spectrometer using a Wollaston prism and its application as a diagnostic for measuring Thomson scattering data in the presence of strong self-emission backgrounds
Authors: Swadling G. F. , Katz J. 
Published: January 2022

We present a novel design for an optical spectrometer for use in ultraviolet Thomson scattering measurements of plasma parameters in high energy density (HED) inertial confinement fusion experiments on large-scale high-energy laser facilities. In experiments investigating high-Z plasmas, the fidelity of measurements is commonly limited by signal/background ratios approaching or exceeding unity. An alpha barium borate Wollaston prism can provide both spectral dispersion and polarization channel separation, allowing simultaneous measurement of both the Thomson scattering signal and plasma self-emission along a single line of sight and in a single experiment, which should greatly improve data quality and reduce the opportunity cost of taking high quality measurements. We present a basic discussion of the design and a worked example of an instrument designed to take fourth harmonic electron plasma wave measurements in HED experiments at the OMEGA laser facility.
Negotiating equitable language teaching practices
Authors: Warren Amber , Ward Natalia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores preservice teachers’ (PSTs’) forum
discussions in an online language teacher education (OLTE) course to
understand how participants discursively construct and display their stance
toward equity-enriched pedagogies and practices. Framed in a post-cognitive
stance toward epistemics as constructed in interaction, and drawing on
conversation analytic membership categorization analysis, findings
illustrate how participants’ epistemic stance was contingent on the
categories with which they were aligned. While PSTs supported equitable
practices around bilingualism when evoking membership categories of language
user and course participant, PSTs questioned the possibility of equitable
multilingual education when taking up the stance of (future) teacher. This
analysis offers insight into the role of OLTE for supporting
teacher-learners in building equity-enriched orientations essential for
supporting multilingual students.
Gameful teaching
Authors: Vitanova Gergana , Johnson Emily , Sausa Sandra , Giroux Amy , Merritt Don 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The chapter investigates how the identity and agency of a
language teacher are constructed through the use of a suite of videogames
originally designed for vocabulary practice, called ELLE: the EndLess
LEarner. A unique aspect is that the teacher had the rare opportunity to
contribute to the game development and to be one of its first testers in its
multiple versions. Using reflections, autobiographical interviews, and
journal entries, the chapter illuminates how this teacher’s perceptions and
pedagogical values evolved in relation to the game. Her agency as an
instructor, an expert in her discipline, and an emergent gamer were strongly
intertwined. The findings also show that she employed the game as a
technological tool to achieve socially situated goals.
Fostering (Critical) digital teaching competence through virtual
exchange
Authors: Müller-Hartmann Andreas , Hauck Mirjam 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This chapter reports on findings in relation to one of the
sub-questions that the Evaluating and Upscaling Telecollaborative Teacher
Education (EVALUATE) project, an Erasmus+ funded European Policy
Experimentation (EPE), set out to address. We explore how online (language)
teacher trainees are best supported in developing critical digital literacy
as framed by Darvin (2017) and Morris
(2017) as well as critical digital teaching competence, which
remains underexplored in Virtual Exchange (VE)-based teacher education. The
insights gained from a close examination of one EVALUATE exchange highlight
how crucial systematic reflective evaluation of the processes the trainees
are involved in is for competence development in VE contexts.
Empirical evidence for subtle gender biases in language
Authors: Esaulova Yulia , von Stockhausen Lisa 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This chapter presents empirical evidence from social psychological and psycholinguistic studies to
provide an insight on mechanisms underlying gender inequality represented and maintained through language. The
reviewed phenomena cover linguistic manifestations of gender and gender stereotypes that range from relatively
superficial word semantics to gender asymmetries ingrained deeply in grammatical language systems, such as the
category of verbs and the case system. The existing studies on biases in language suggest that even linguistic
phenomena seemingly unrelated to gender (e.g. negations or thematic structure) may function as mechanisms supporting
gender stereotypical beliefs. Such biases present a special challenge when it comes to identifying them; however,
revealing their mechanisms has important implications for initiatives aiming at neutralizing their negative social
consequences.
Grammatical gender and article use in beginning learners of German
Authors: Ecke Peter 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Acquiring nouns’ grammatical gender, corresponding articles, and their morphological variants is
one of the biggest challenges for adult learners of German. In this study, we analyze determiner noun phrases (NPs)
produced orally by Spanish L1/English L2 beginning learners of German L3. We explore the extent to which L3 learners
correctly produce determiner NPs including the appropriately marked grammatical gender, the extent to which they have
become sensitive to nouns’ formal gender cues, and the factors that help them cope with the complexity of the German
article and gender systems. We pay special attention to the possibility of cross-linguistic influence (CLI) in L3
learners’ article/gender choices according to predictions made by the Parasitic Model of vocabulary acquisition. The
results suggest that learners reduce the complexity of the article/gender selection task by resorting to CLI, the
adoption of gender from assumed lexical equivalents, and by over-using the most frequent forms
(ein-masc/neu and die-fem) which also are the phonologically
least complex and most similar forms to equivalents in the L1 and/or L2. Formal gender cues only have a limited effect
on article choice for the learners at this early stage of acquisition. Sensitivity to gender cues emerges only for the
most frequent cue types and in association with definite (not indefinite) article use.
The non-default gender category in additional-language French
Authors: Edmonds Amanda , Gudmestad Aarnes , Metzger Thomas 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Whereas much research has examined the acquisition of grammatical gender in additional-language
French, previous studies have all focused on targetlikeness. In other words, previous research reveals how accurate
learners are in expressing gender and what factors may play a role in accuracy. Such research has found, for example,
that learners of French tend to be less accurate in their expression of gender with feminine (as opposed to masculine)
nouns and when the modifier used is an adjective (vs. a determiner). In the current chapter, we offer a complementary
approach to the study of the acquisition of grammatical gender. We begin by establishing that masculine-marked
modifiers are the default form in the corpus under study. Then, working within variationism, we seek to determine what
factors influence the use of modifiers marked for feminine (the non-default) versus masculine (the default) gender,
without focusing on accuracy. Our analysis is based on 5,992 instances of the expression of grammatical gender on
determiners and modifiers in oral longitudinal data collected from 20 university learners of French. The data were
modeled using a generalized linear mixed-effects model, which identified eight factors that influenced the use of the
non-default gender category in oral additional-language French. The current study provides new insights into what
impacts learners’ choice between modifier forms and, specifically, into what leads to the selection of the non-default
(i.e. feminine) gender forms.
Prediction on the basis of gender and number in Mandarin-Italian bilingual children
Authors: Bosch Jasmijn E. , Chailleux Mathilde , Yee Jia’en , Guasti Maria Teresa , Arosio Fabrizio 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The present study used a visual world eye-tracking paradigm to investigate online processing of
grammatical gender and number in Mandarin-Italian bilingual children, in comparison to monolingual Italian children.
We examined how children anticipated upcoming nouns on the basis of grammatical gender and number information on the
preceding article. While monolingual speakers are able to employ such predictive mechanisms from a very young age, to
our knowledge, this is the first study that compares gender and number processing in bilingual children. The results
show that, overall, participants made linguistic predictions on the basis of articles, although a post-hoc analysis
focusing on a subset of our bilingual participants did not confirm the prediction effect in Mandarin-Italian bilingual
children. We found a greater difference in the bilingual group than in the monolingual group, in that bilinguals
tended to be slower when processing gender than number. Finally, we found that L2 proficiency had a significant effect
on gender processing in the bilingual group. One interpretation of these findings is that the discrepancy between
gender and number may be due to transfer, since Mandarin does not have grammatical gender while it does have a
conceptual notion of number. Another factor may be L2 proficiency, and especially lexical knowledge, since gender is
an arbitrary property stored in the lexicon, while number is concretely linked to the referential context.
Refining and re-defining secondary determiners in relation to primary determiners
Authors: Davidse Kristin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study is to delineate the functional category of English secondary determiners more precisely than in current reference grammars and in my own previous work. To provide a principled basis for a functional typology of secondary determiners, I firstly develop a typology of primary determiner (or ‘grounding’) types within the framework of Cognitive Grammar. Following Langacker, four main types are distinguished, and their referential and discursive properties are characterized: indefinite grounding, relative quantification, possessive grounding, and definite grounding. This typology then forms the starting point for drawing up a typology of the main types of instructions given by secondary determiners, i.e. to retrieve the type specifications of an instance newly introduced by an indefinite NP, to identify the correct antecedent of a definite NP, to relate a referent to another instance of the same type, or to refer to a generalized referent. Thirdly, modifier types that had been confused with secondary determiners in earlier work are distinguished from them on the basis of their semantics and formal behaviour, viz. focus markers, nominal aspectual modifiers, modal and temporal modifiers, and metadesignatives.
Premodification in X-is constructions
Authors: Keizer Evelien 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Although most studies on the X-is construction (thing-is, fact-is, point-is, etc.) acknowledge that premodification is allowed, very little attention has been paid to this property of the construction. Focusing on instances with the head nouns fact and point, this paper seeks to find out which premodifiers can be found in these constructions, and how the development of the construction from a fully specificational copular sentence with a referential subject NP to a non-specificational semi-fixed focus marker affects the type and range of premodifiers allowed. On the basis of data from the British National Corpus (Davies 2004), a number of tendencies and restrictions are identified in terms of (i) token and type frequencies of the premodifiers, as well as type-token-ratio (TTR), and (ii) the class and function of the premodifiers. It is concluded that, as constructionalization takes place, the premodifier position becomes constrained. In addition, it is shown that non-specificational constructions clearly prefer subjective modifiers, which, due to an increase in scope, come to serve a different function (e.g. attitudinal, intensifying, or downtoning). It is argued that the changes observed follow from the gradual changes taking place in the internal structure of the constructions in question. Finally, the theory of Functional Discourse Grammar is used to capture these changes and to explain the consequences of these changes both for the fact-is and point-is constructions in general and for the classes of premodifiers allowed (or preferred).
From an icy hell of a night to a hell of a fine story
Authors: ten Wolde Elnora 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
English evaluative binominal noun phrases (EBNPs; an icy hell of a night) have been discussed for over 50 years, and a number of different analyses have been presented. This paper argues that one problem shared by previous research is that the of-binominals classified as EBNPs are actually three different constructions: the EBNP and two other of-binominals, evaluative modifiers (EM; one hell of a party) and binominal intensifiers (BI; a hell of a good dog). Using the classification criteria presented in previous studies and corpus data, I argue for distinguishing these two of-binominals from the EBNP. Furthermore, this paper links the development of the EM and the BI to the grammaticalization of premodifiers and other of-binominals.
Time-measurement constructions in English
Authors: Bell Melanie J. , Portero-Muñoz Carmen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Time-measurement expressions such as five-year plan, 10 years’ time and 25 years service occur frequently in English. All such expressions consist of a cardinal numeral, followed by a time-noun (N1) then a second noun (N2). The time-noun has one of three orthographic forms: the bare-form, the S-form with apostrophe or the S-form without apostrophe. Using a dataset of 17,591 time-measurement tokens from the British National Corpus and mixed-effects logistic regression modelling, this chapter tests the hypothesis that these three orthographic forms represent three different constructions. Our first model, using only expressions with S-form N1, shows that the presence or absence of an apostrophe is not correlated with any other formal or semantic property that would justify the recognition of two constructions. In contrast, our second model using the whole dataset, shows that bare-form N1 and S-form N1 (with or without apostrophe) are highly correlated with aspects of both form and meaning. In our dataset, 96% of tokens with bare-form N1 have a countable N2 and 87% also follow a determiner. Conversely, 94% of tokens with S-form N1 have an uncountable N2, and 91% also lack a determiner. We conclude that these clusters of properties represent distinct pairings of form and meaning, and are therefore characteristic of two different constructions, which we call the time-measurement compound construction and the time-measurement construction respectively. The time-measurement compound construction (five-year plan) has the distribution of a nominal; semantically, it denotes a kind of bounded entity (N2) with some relation to numeral-N1, usually duration. The time-measurement construction (10 years’ time, 25 years service) has the distribution of a noun phrase; semantically, it denotes a quantity (numeral-N1) of some unbounded entity (N2). The chapter ends with a qualitative exploration of the central and more peripheral representatives of the two constructions, including borderline cases.
Day to day and night after night
Authors: Sommerer Lotte 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper analyzes temporal symmetric NPN constructions in which both nouns are singular, identical, and conjoined by a preposition (e.g. day to day, hour upon hour, night after night). The constructions’ binominal structure, their idiomatic nature, their apparent frozenness, and their syntactic restrictions (e.g. determiners are not permitted) make them an interesting target for linguistic analysis. Although several researchers have analyzed these constructions in different frameworks (e.g. Travis 2001; Matsuyama 2004; Haïk 2009; Jackendoff 2008, 2013; Zwarts 2013; Kim & Sells 2015), there is no study which looks at these constructions quantitatively. Consequently, the paper analyzes data from the Corpus of Contemporary American English. The constructions’ frequency and productivity, as well as their syntactic function and extension potential is being investigated (e.g. day after day of suffering, hour by precious hour). Additionally, the constructions’ semantics and interesting clustering and multiplication patterns are discussed. In terms of theoretical modeling, the paper takes a Usage-based Cognitive Construction Grammar approach (Goldberg 2003, 2006, 2019; Tomasello 2003; Hilpert 2014; Diessel 2015, 2019; Ellis et al. 2016; Sommerer & Smirnova 2020) and sketches the constructional network of [CNsg,time
i P CNsg,time
i]Cx –constructions.
General introduction
Authors: Grin François , Marácz László , Pokorn Nike K. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This introductory chapter offers a brief account of the history behind this book, which originates in the MIME project, where ‘MIME’ stands for ‘Mobility and Inclusion in Multilingual Europe’. This project, which was funded by the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Innovation and Research as part of the DG’s seventh Framework Programme, presents an exceptional degree of interdisciplinarity. A dozen different disciplines from the social sciences and humanities were involved, with a total of 25 participating teams from 16 different countries. The project’s analytical framework, which federates the inputs from these various disciplines, rests on the concept of trade-off – in this case, between two desirable, but non-converging goals, namely ‘mobility’ and ‘inclusion’. This general introduction shows how the trade-off can be used as a structuring device to approach the ‘multilingual challenge’ confronting Europe and its citizens, before describing the main thrust of each of the subsequent 25 chapters. The findings presented here, which go beyond the results provided in the MIME project outputs, aim to make this interdisciplinary experience available to a wide readership of scholars.
Language and inclusion in a multilingual environment
Authors: Janssens Rudi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Since the turn of the century, two important social developments have had a considerable impact on daily life in most western European cities. The first is increasing mobility in a globalised world that transcends the traditional concept of migration and has even led to a paradigm shift in sociological thinking (‘new’ mobilities paradigm). A second related development is at the technological level, where communication patterns have changed significantly and prompted people to expand their networks beyond the local level. Both evolutions are most prominent in cities in which a growing number of citizens engage in different networks and traditional forms of social solidarity are under pressure. In this context, language plays a key role.
In this article, based on the case of Brussels, we investigate the dynamics behind the process of social inclusion in a mobile environment and the role that languages play in this. We set out from the Brussels pacification model and the analysis of the impact of mobility on the local population. Based on the shift in language use and citizens’ attitude towards multilingualism and living in a multicultural environment, we seek a breeding ground for inclusive policies through a bottom-up approach. The conclusions focus on its impact on Brussels and its potential significance for other cities.
The politics of inclusion, citizenship and multilingualism
Authors: Kraus Peter A. , Frank Melanie 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Our chapter deals with the emergence of new linguistic identities in connection with the dynamics of Europeanisation and transnationalisation. Against this background, we discuss whether and in what way the interplay of old and new patterns of linguistic diversity is affecting the trade-off between mobility and inclusion in multilingual societies. On the basis of a literature review, we first show how macro-historical processes of nation-building have affected modern identity-building by linking particular languages to particular collective (national) identities. In a second step, we focus on how the institutional monolingualism of nation states is challenged by complex diversity. In view of the changing linguistic profiles of European societies, political factors play a key role when it comes to acknowledging multilingualism as part of citizenship status and of the socio-cultural practices related to it. Third, we focus on Riga and Barcelona, which stand for specific types of complex diversity, to empirically illustrate the consequences that different institutional approaches to multilingual realities have in terms of creating more or less open identity frames for citizens. The chapter finally addresses tensions between the human potential to develop multilingual repertoires and the political attribution of unequal status to different languages. Multilingualism entails the possibility of tackling the trade-off between mobility and inclusion in a productive way; ultimately, however, political factors determine if linguistic diversity is regarded as a communicative resource or as a threat to established linguistic identities.