bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring Worker Exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica: Application for Data-driven Predictive Modeling for End-of-Shift Exposure Assessment
Authors: Wolfe Cody , Chubb Lauren , Walker Rachel , Yekich Milan , Cauda Emanuele 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In the ever-expanding complexities of the modern-day mining workplace, the continual monitoring of a safe and healthy work environment is a growing challenge. One specific workplace exposure concern is the inhalation of dust containing respirable crystalline silica (RCS) which can lead to silicosis, a potentially fatal lung disease. This is a recognized and regulated health hazard, commonly found in mining. The current methodologies to monitor this type of exposure involve distributed sample collection followed by costly and relatively lengthy follow-up laboratory analysis. To address this concern, we have investigated a data-driven predictive modeling pipeline to predict the amount of silica deposition quickly and accurately on a filter within minutes of sample collection completion. This field-based silica monitoring technique involves the use of small, and easily deployable, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers used for data collection followed by multivariate regression methodologies including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares (PLS). Given the complex nature of respirable dust mixtures, there is an increasing need to account for multiple variables quickly and efficiently during analysis. This analysis consists of several quality control steps including data normalization, PCA and PLS outlier detection, as well as applying correction factors based on the sampler and cassette used for sample collection. While outside the scope of this article to test, these quality control steps will allow for the acceptance of data from many different FTIR instruments and sampling types, thus increasing the overall useability of this method. Additionally, any sample analyzed through the model and validated using a secondary method can be incorporated into the training dataset creating an ever-growing, more robust predictive model. Multivariant predictive modeling has far-reaching implications given its speed, cost, and scalability compared to conventional approaches. This contribution presents the application of PCA and PLS as part of a computational pipeline approach to predict the amount of a deposited mineral of interest using FTIR data. For this specific application, we have developed the model to analyze RCS, although this process can be implemented in the analysis of any IR-active mineral, and this pipeline applied to any FTIR data.
Rapid Robot-Aided On-site Testing of Fume Cupboards
Authors: Bittner Matthias , Moirandat Claude 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Although containment testing of fume cupboards (FC) according to the standards EN 14175-3 (2019) or ANSI/ASHRAE 110 (2016) is well established for type testing, its application is currently much less accepted and practised for evaluating containment on-site. Few of the several million FC in the market have been tested at installation and commissioning, and even less undergo verification of containment during their service life in the laboratories. Several reasons have led to this unsafe situation. To address this challenge, a new concept has been developed to allow for rapid on-site testing of FC to gain knowledge as to the functional efficiency as well as to safety aspects for the operator. The concept consists of a movable robot-aided test equipment that can be installed quickly to the FC in running labs. Multiple sensors detect the tracer gas isopropanol. Within a test run of only 10-min data is collected to quantify containment at the sash opening and to determine purge efficiency. The method reveals impact from interfering effects such as draughts, air distribution, and movements and from equipment installed, and is a tool for the optimization of operating conditions of a lab. This article presents an advanced alternative to the existing containment tests, particularly for on-site testing. The method assesses not only proper operation of the FC in its environment, but also the suitability of a FC for a given use under aspects of health and safety evaluation.
Urban-regional disparities in mental health signals in Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic: a study via Twitter data and machine learning models
Authors: Wang Siqin , Zhang Mengxi , Huang Xiao , Hu Tao , Li Zhenlong , Sun Qian Chayn , Liu Yan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study establishes a novel empirical framework using machine learning techniques to measure the urban-regional disparity of the public’s mental health signals in Australia during the pandemic, and to examine the interrelationships amongst mental health, demographic and socioeconomic profiles of neighbourhoods, health risks and healthcare access. Our results show that the public’s mental health signals in capital cities were better than those in regional areas. The negative mental health signals in capital cities are associated with a lower level of income, more crowded living space, a lower level of healthcare availability and more difficulties in healthcare access.
‘Prevention is better than cure’: warning for comedications in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors to avoid acute kidney injury
Authors: Belliere Julie , Sprangers Ben 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has resulted in significant improvement in cancer care, but has been accompanied by the occurrence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Also, kidney irAEs have been reported, and the most frequent one is acute tubulointerstitial disease which impacts renal and overall prognosis. There is an unmet need to stratify renal risk in oncologic patients, to allow individualized monitoring and therefore, early detection of ICI-related acute kidney injury (ICI-AKI). Although risk factors for ICI-AKI have been described in previous case–control studies, where ‘cases’ were ICI-AKI patients and ‘controls’ ICI-treated patients without AKI, there is limited epidemiologic knowledge concerning patients developing different irAEs. In this issue of the Clinical Kidney Journal, Gerard et al. describe five factors that were associated with the development of ICI-AKI: older age, previous chronic kidney disease, and concomitant use of fluindione, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and proton pump inhibitors. These findings suggest that ICI may be a ‘second hit’ that precipitates AKI caused by a concomitant drug. These results urge an increased focus to prevent the prescription of potential nephrotoxic drugs in ICI-treated patients, avoiding iatrogenic events.
Two explanations for the paucity of cyber-military, cross-domain operations
Authors: Katagiri Nori 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article investigates why states have launched so few cross-domain operations—in this case, operations between cyber and military domains—when they have launched so many cyberattacks. I explore a set of five hypotheses for why most cyberattacks do not occur at the same time as military strikes. My analysis reveals that of the five, two are compelling. First, state attackers make strategic decisions not to “cross the domain” for organizational reasons that are based on the internal division of labor. Second, many cyberattackers face significant technical challenges with cross-domain operations even if their cyber and military forces are integrated. The other three reasons are not as persuasive, including fear of conflict escalation, international law applied to cyberspace, and norms of cyberspace behavior.
A chromosome-level, fully phased genome assembly of the oat crown rust fungus Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae: a resource to enable comparative genomics in the cereal rusts
Authors: Henningsen Eva C , Hewitt Tim , Dugyala Sheshanka , Nazareno Eric S , Gilbert Erin , Li Feng , Kianian Shahryar F , Steffenson Brian J , Dodds Peter N , Sperschneider Jana , Figueroa Melania 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Advances in sequencing technologies as well as development of algorithms and workflows have made it possible to generate fully phased genome references for organisms with nonhaploid genomes such as dikaryotic rust fungi. To enable discovery of pathogen effectors and further our understanding of virulence evolution, we generated a chromosome-scale assembly for each of the 2 nuclear genomes of the oat crown rust pathogen, Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae (Pca). This resource complements 2 previously released partially phased genome references of Pca, which display virulence traits absent in the isolate of historic race 203 (isolate Pca203) which was selected for this genome project. A fully phased, chromosome-level reference for Pca203 was generated using PacBio reads and Hi-C data and a recently developed pipeline named NuclearPhaser for phase assignment of contigs and phase switch correction. With 18 chromosomes in each haplotype and a total size of 208.10 Mbp, Pca203 has the same number of chromosomes as other cereal rust fungi such as Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici and Puccinia triticina, the causal agents of wheat stem rust and wheat leaf rust, respectively. The Pca203 reference marks the third fully phased chromosome-level assembly of a cereal rust to date. Here, we demonstrate that the chromosomes of these 3 Puccinia species are syntenous and that chromosomal size variations are primarily due to differences in repeat element content.
Increased gene dosage and mRNA expression from chromosomal duplications in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Ragipani Bhavana , Albritton Sarah Elizabeth , Morao Ana Karina , Mesquita Diogo , Kramer Maxwell , Ercan Sevinç 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Isolation of copy number variations and chromosomal duplications at high frequency in the laboratory suggested that Caenorhabditis elegans tolerates increased gene dosage. Here, we addressed if a general dosage compensation mechanism acts at the level of mRNA expression in C. elegans. We characterized gene dosage and mRNA expression in 3 chromosomal duplications and a fosmid integration strain using DNA-seq and mRNA-seq. Our results show that on average, increased gene dosage leads to increased mRNA expression, pointing to a lack of genome-wide dosage compensation. Different genes within the same chromosomal duplication show variable levels of mRNA increase, suggesting feedback regulation of individual genes. Somatic dosage compensation and germline repression reduce the level of mRNA increase from X chromosomal duplications. Together, our results show a lack of genome-wide dosage compensation mechanism acting at the mRNA level in C. elegans and highlight the role of epigenetic and individual gene regulation contributing to the varied consequences of increased gene dosage.
DNA Methylation “GrimAge” Acceleration Mediates Sex/Gender Differences in Verbal Memory and Processing Speed: Findings From the Health and Retirement Study
Authors: O’Shea Deirdre M , Maynard Taylor , Tremont Geoffrey 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Whether sex/gender differences in rates of biological aging mediate sex/gender differences in cognition in older adults has not been fully examined. The aim of the current study was to investigate this association. Data from up to 1 928 participants (mean age = 75, standard deviation = 7.04, female = 57%) who took part in the 2016 Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol and Venous Blood Study; substudies of the Health and Retirement Study were included in the current study. The residuals from 4 age-adjusted epigenetic clocks (Horvath, Hannum, PhenoAge, and GrimAge) were used to measure biological age acceleration. Sex/gender differences in cognition were tested using a series of analyses of covariance. Mediation analyses tested whether the measures of age acceleration accounted for these sex/gender differences, controlling for age, education, smoking status, and white blood cell count. Women outperformed men on measures of verbal learning, verbal memory, visual scanning, and processing speed. No other significant sex/gender differences were identified. Results from mediation analyses revealed that women’s slower rates of GrimAge fully accounted for their faster processing speeds and partially accounted for their better performances on verbal learning, verbal memory, and visual scanning measures. None of the other measures of age acceleration were significant mediators. Accounting for sex/gender differences in biological aging may differentiate between cognitive sex/gender differences that are driven by universal (ie, age-related) versus sex-specific mechanisms. More broadly, these findings support the growing evidence that the GrimAge clock outperforms other clocks in predicting cognitive outcomes.
Subjective Memory Decline Predicts Incident Cognitive Impairment Among White—But Not Black or Hispanic—Older Adults
Authors: Ferraro Kenneth F , Sauerteig-Rolston Madison R , Barnes Lisa L , Friedman Elliot , Sands Laura P , Thomas Patricia A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
This study investigates whether subjective memory decline (SMD) in a racially diverse sample of older adults without cognitive impairment at baseline is associated with incident cognitive impairment during a 12-year follow-up period.

Research Design and Methods
With panel data from a national sample (N = 9,244) of cognitively intact Black, White, and Hispanic Americans 65 years or older in 2004, we examine if SMD is associated with the loss of normal cognition by 2016. Cognitive status was assessed every 2 years with a modified version of the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status to identify the transition from normal cognition to cognitive impairment.

Results
Estimates from Weibull accelerated failure-time models reveal that SMD is associated with earlier incident cognitive impairment (time ratio = 0.96, p &lt; .05). In subsequent models stratified by race-ethnicity, this association was evident among White respondents (time ratio = 0.95, p &lt; .01) but not among Black, U.S.-born Hispanic, or foreign-born Hispanic respondents.

Discussion and Implications
Given that the prognostic validity of SMD differs by race and ethnicity, caution is warranted when using it as a screening or clinical tool in diverse populations.
Move and you're dead: commercial trawl fisheries select for fish that don't move far
Authors: de Castro Francisco , Kraak Sarah B M , Shephard Samuel , Sadykov Alexander , Reid David G , Farnsworth Keith D 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Recent research on harvest-induced evolution of behaviour in (especially aquatic) animals has focused on the shy-bold axis, but foraging and dispersal behaviour have received little attention. Here, we consider the selective effect of systematically localised trawl harvesting from a wild population of mobile animals that vary phenotypically in their range of movement (resulting in a continuum between wide-ranging and sedentary behaviours). We use a spatially explicit individual-based model of an empirically-based demersal fish population and trawl fishing in a realistic seascape. We test whether a sustained spatially concentrated pattern of fishing can select for or against wide-ranging vs. more sedentary behaviour as the fish perform biased random foraging in a seascape of spatially varying resource quality, leading to an approximation of the ideal free distribution. The simulation predicted a strong micro-evolutionary shift towards more sedentary behaviour as wide-ranging animals flow into a population sink caused by concentrated fishing. The shift towards short-rangers increased with fishing intensity and spatial precision with which fishing activity matches fish abundance; it decreased with habitat spatial complexity (fragmentation of suitable habitat). Most cases led to the effective extinction of the trait values at the upper end of the ranging continuum, indicating important implications for the management of exploited fish stocks.
Untangling the oral–gut axis in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation
Authors: Kitamoto Sho , Kamada Nobuhiko 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
An increasing body of literature reveals that host–microbe networks are well coordinated and impact human health and disease. Recently, it has become evident that an abnormal alteration in bacterial configuration in the oral cavity, namely oral dysbiosis, caused by periodontal inflammation, is associated with various distant inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease. However, the extent to which the relationships between oral and distant disorders are merely an association or are causally triggered by oral microorganisms remains debated. In this mini-review, we highlight mechanisms in inter-related organ system diseases, particularly the one between oral and gut inflammation. Further, we discuss clinical perspectives and propose a novel concept of a multi-hit hypothesis in the pathogenesis of gut inflammation, on the basis of our updated knowledge of shared microbiological and immunological pathways between the oral and gut mucosae.
Carfentanil Blood Concentrations in Impaired Driving Investigations in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Wallage H Rachelle , Elliot Marie , Rajotte James W 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCarfentanil is a potent opioid with no medical use in humans; it presents a serious threat to public health and road safety due to its presence in the illicit drug supply, the potency of the drug and instances of use prior to the operation of a motor vehicle. The identification and quantitation of carfentanil using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was performed in blood samples obtained through impaired driving-related investigations from 2017 to 2019. In a series of 66 cases submitted to the Centre of Forensic Sciences in Ontario, Canada, blood concentrations of carfentanil ranged from &lt;0.04 to 2.1 ng/mL in the population studied. Driving behaviors frequently came to the attention of concerned citizens, decreased levels of consciousness were commonly reported and a variety of medical interventions were required, in some cases, to preserve life due to apparent opioid toxicity.
A New Record of the Introduced Species Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in Mexico
Authors: Martínez-Hernández F , Villalobos G , Montañez-Valdez O D , Martínez-Ibarra J A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Here, we report a new record of Triatoma infestans (Klug) in Mexico after 50 years and provide a brief description of the discovery area. Fifty-nine specimens (71.2% adults) of the introduced species were collected from the peridomestic areas of a single house in the port of Manzanillo in the state of Colima, Mexico. Thirty-one specimens (52.5%) were collected from the exterior walls of the house and were apparently attracted to light. The other specimens (47.5%) were associated with chickens. No specimen was infected with Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas, the causative agent of Chagas disease, possibly because they were feeding on chickens. We speculate that the introduced species travelled from South America to Mexico via seed shipment in a twenty-foot equivalent unit (TEU) maritime container. Because Mexican phytosanitary regulations demand only the cargo to be inspected, the triatomines could have escaped notice during inspection. Subsequently, as the cargo was unloaded and the TEU was stored, the triatomines likely flew to and invaded the nearby residential areas. The rediscovery of this domestic vector of T. cruzi in Mexico warrants further investigation owing to the potential risk of transmission to the inhabitants of the study area.
Contrasting adaptation and optimization of stomatal traits across communities at continental scale
Authors: Liu Congcong , Sack Lawren , Li Ying , He Nianpeng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Shifts in stomatal trait distributions across contrasting environments and their linkage with ecosystem productivity at large spatial scales have been unclear. Here, we measured the maximum stomatal conductance (g), stomatal area fraction (f), and stomatal space-use efficiency (e, the ratio of g to f) of 800 plant species ranging from tropical to cold-temperate forests, and determined their values for community-weighted mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis. We found that the community-weighted means of g and f were higher in drier sites, and thus, that drought ‘avoidance’ by water availability-driven growth pulses was the dominant mode of adaptation for communities at sites with low water availability. Additionally, the variance of g and f was also higher at arid sites, indicating greater functional niche differentiation, whereas that for e was lower, indicating the convergence in efficiency. When all other stomatal trait distributions were held constant, increasing kurtosis or decreasing skewness of g would improve ecosystem productivity, whereas f showed the opposite patterns, suggesting that the distributions of inter-related traits can play contrasting roles in regulating ecosystem productivity. These findings demonstrate the climatic trends of stomatal trait distributions and their significance in the prediction of ecosystem productivity.
Risks of femoral localized periosteal thickening in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases
Authors: Sato Hiroe , Kondo Naoki , Takai Chinatsu , Kurosawa Yoichi , Hasegawa Eriko , Wakamatsu Ayako , Kobayashi Daisuke , Nakatsue Takeshi , Abe Asami , Kazama Junichiro James , Kuroda Takeshi , Ito Satoshi , Ishikawa Hajime , Endo Naoto , Narita Ichiei 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives
The incidence of femoral localized periosteal thickening (LPT), which can precede atypical femoral fracture (AFF), is not low (1–10%) in Japanese patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIRDs). We explored the associations between underlying AIRDs and the prevalence of LPT.

Methods
We conducted post hoc analyses of two cohorts that included a total of 280 Japanese women, 105 of whom had AIRDs and had been taking bisphosphonate (BP) and prednisolone (PSL) and 175 of whom had rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Results
LPT was detected in a total of 18 patients (6.4%) and 3 (1.1%) developed AFFs. RA was negatively correlated with LPT. A disease other than RA requiring glucocorticoid treatment, BP use ≥5 years, PSL use ≥7 years, and a PSL dose ≥5.5 mg/day were positively correlated with LPT. After adjusting for age, diabetes mellitus, and BP duration or daily PSL dose, RA was no longer associated with LPT.

Conclusions
LPT in Japanese patients with AIRDs was associated with BP and glucocorticoid treatment rather than underlying AIRDs. When PSL dose ≥5.5 mg/day is required long-term [typically combined with long-term BP treatment (≥5 years)], clinicians need to pay particular attention in cases LPT and AFF as well as glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.