bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluorescence labelled XT5 modified nano-capsules enable highly sensitive myeloma cells detection
Authors: Norouz Dizaji Araz , Yazdani Kohneshahri Matin , Gafil Sena , Muhammed Muhammed Tilahun , Ozkan Tulin , Inci Ilyas , Uzun Cengiz , Yalcin Esin Aki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAccurate diagnosis of cancer cells in early stages plays an important role in reliable therapeutic strategies. In this study, we aimed to develop fluorescence-conjugated polymer carrying nanocapsules (NCs) which is highly selective for myeloma cancer cells. To gain specific targeting properties, NCs, XT5 molecules (a benzamide derivative) which shows high affinity properties against protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1), that overexpressed in myeloma cancer cells, was used. For this purpose, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[carboxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000]-carboxylic acid (DSPE-PEG2000-COOH) molecules, as a main encapsulation material, was conjugated to XT5 molecules due to esterification reaction using N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as a coupling agent. The synthesized DSPE-PEG2000-COO-XT5 was characterized by using FT-IR and1H NMR spectroscopies and results indicated that XT5 molecules were successfully conjugated to DSPE-PEG2000-COOH. Poly(fluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (PFBT) conjugated polymer (CP) was encapsulated with DSPE-PEG2000-COO-XT5 due to dissolving in tetrahydrofuran and ultra-sonication in an aqueous solution, respectively. The morphological properties, UV–vis absorbance, and emission properties of obtainedCPencapsulatedDSPE-PEG2000−COO-XT5(CPDP-XT5) NCs was determined by utilizing scanning electron microscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy, and fluorescent spectroscopy, respectively. Cytotoxicity properties of CPDP-XT5 was evaluated by performing MTT assay on RPMI 8226 myeloma cell lines. Cell viability results confirmed that XT5 molecules were successfully conjugated to DSPE-PEG2000-COOH. Specific targeting properties of CPDP-XT5 NCs and XT5-free NCs (CPDP NCs) were investigated on RPMI 8226 myeloma cell lines by utilizing fluorescent microscopy and results indicated that CPDP-XT5 NCs shows significantly high affinity in comparison to CPDP NCs against the cells. Homology modeling and molecular docking properties of XT5 molecules were evaluated and simulation results confirmed our results.
A dimethyl disulfide gas sensor based on nanosized Pt-loaded tetrakaidecahedral α-Fe2O3nanocrystals
Authors: Zhuang Ziqin , Zhang Li , Huang Chaozhu , Wang Xiaohang , Guo Haichuan , Thomas Tiju , Qu Fengdong , Wang Pei , Yang Minghui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSurface modification by employing precious metals is one of the most effective ways to improve the gas-sensing performance of metal oxide semiconductors. Pureα-Fe2O3nanoparticles and Pt-modifiedα-Fe2O3nanoparticles were prepared sequentially using a rather simple hydrothermal synthesis and impregnation method. Compared with the originalα-Fe2O3nanomaterials, the Pt-α-Fe2O3nanocomposite sensor shows a higher response value (Ra/Rg = 58.6) and a shorter response/recovery time (1 s/168 s) to 100 ppm dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) gas at 375 °C. In addition, it has better selectivity to DMDS gas with the value of more than 9 times higher than the other target gases at 375 °C. This study indicates that the Pt-α-Fe2O3nanoparticle sensor has good prospects and can be used as a low-cost and effective DMDS gas sensor.
Enhanced H2 evolution performance by carbonized SiC/g-C3N4 heterojunction under visible-light illumination
Authors: Ma Mengfan , Chu Guoliang , Qiu Lingfang , Cao Banpeng , Li Ping , Shen Yan , Chen Xiangshu , Kita Hidetoshi , Duo Shuwang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this study, carbonized silicon carbide/graphitic carbon nitride ((SiC/C)/g-C3N4) composites were fabricated via a facile calcination method. The optimal SiC/C/g-C3N4 composite shows an excellent visible-light photocatalytic activity for water splitting, with the highest hydrogen evolution amount being 200.2 μmol, which is four times higher than that of pure g-C3N4 when triethanolamine and platinum (1.0 wt%) are used as the sacrificial agent and cocatalyst, respectively. With an intimate interface between SiC/C and g-C3N4, the energy band structure of g-C3N4 was well engineered for photocatalytic H2 production. This study provides a novel method for fabricating g-C3N4-based heterojunctions for application in environmental conservation.
On the potential of 2D ion chamber arrays for high-dose rate remote afterloading brachytherapy quality assurance
Authors: Lekatou Aristea , Peppa Vasiliki , Karaiskos Pantelis , Pantelis Evangelos , Papagiannis Panagiotis 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjective. To investigate the potential of 2D ion chamber arrays to serve as a standalone tool for the verification of source strength, positioning and dwell time, within the framework of192Ir high-dose rate brachytherapy device quality assurance (QA).Approach.A commercially available ion chamber array was used. Fitting of a 2D Lorentzian peak function to experimental data from a multiple source dwell position irradiation on a frame-by-frame basis, facilitated tracking of the source center orthogonal projection on the array plane. For source air kerma strength verification, Monte Carlo simulation was employed to obtain a chamber array- and source-specific correction factor of calibration with a 6 MV photon beam. This factor converted the signal measured by each ion chamber element to air kerma in free space. A source positioning correction was also applied to lift potential geometry mismatch between experiment and Monte Carlo simulation.Main results.Spatial and temporal accuracy of source movement was verified within 0.5 mm and 0.02 s, respectively, in compliance with the test endpoints recommended by international professional societies. The source air kerma strength was verified experimentally within method uncertainties estimated as 1.44% (k = 1). The source positioning correction method employed did not introduce bias to experimental results of irradiations where source positioning was accurate. Development of a custom jig attachable to the chamber array for accurate and reproducible experimental set up would improve testing accuracy and obviate the need for source positioning correction in air kerma strength verification.Significance.Delivery of a single irradiation plan, optimized based on results of this work, to a 2D ion chamber array can be used for concurrent testing of source position, dwell time and air kerma strength, and the procedure can be expedited through automation. Chamber arrays merit further study in treatment planning QA and real time,in vivodose verification.
Scaling of spatio-temporal variations of taxi travel routes
Authors: Feng Xiaoyan , Sun Huijun , Gross Bnaya , Wu Jianjun , Li Daqing , Yang Xin , Lv Ying , Zhou Dong , Gao Ziyou , Havlin Shlomo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The importance of understanding human mobility patterns has led many studies to examine their spatial-temporal scaling laws. These studies mainly reveal that human travel can be highly non-homogeneous with power-law scaling distributions of distances and times. However, investigating and quantifying the extent of variability in time and space when traveling the same air distance has not been addressed so far. Using taxi data from five large cities, we focus on several novel measures of distance and time to explore the spatio-temporal variations of taxi travel routes relative to their typical routes during peak and nonpeak periods. To compare all trips using a single measure, we calculate the distributions of the ratios between actual travel distances and the average travel distance as well as between actual travel times and the average travel time for all origin destinations during peak and nonpeak periods. In this way, we measure the scaling of the distribution of all single trip paths with respect to their mean trip path. Our results surprisingly demonstrate very broad distributions for both the distance ratio and time ratio, characterized by a long-tail power-law distribution. Moreover, all analyzed cities have larger exponents in peak hours than in nonpeak hours. We suggest that the interesting results of shorter trip lengths and times, characterized by larger exponents during rush hours, are due to the higher availability of travelers during rush hours. Thus, drivers are more motivated to shorten their trips in order to take new passengers in rush hours compared to non-rush hours. We also find a high correlation between distances and times, and the correlation is lower during peak hours than during nonpeak hours. The reduced correlations can be understood as follows. Due to the high availability of passengers in peak periods more drivers choose long distances to save time compared to nonpeak periods. Furthermore, we employed an indeterminate traffic assignment model, which supports our finding of the power-law distribution of the distance ratio and time ratio for human mobility. Our results can help to assess traffic conditions within cities and provide guidance for urban traffic management.
Andreev reflection of massive pseudospin-1 fermions
Authors: Zeng W , Shen R 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We theoretically investigate the Andreev reflection of the massive pseudospin-1 Dirac fermions including the +U-type, the −U-type, and the S

z
-type mass terms, corresponding to the flat band locating at the top, the bottom, and the center of the band gap, respectively. For the ±U-type fermions, it is found that the Andreev reflection probability at the oblique incidence can be even larger than that at the normal incidence. For the retro-reflection, such an oblique enhancement occurs in the n-doped +U-type (p-doped −U-type) massive fermion systems. While for the specular reflection, the enhancement occurs in the n-doped −U-type (p-doped +U-type) systems. For the S

z
-type massive fermions, an ideal Andreev reflection with all-angle unit efficiency is predicted in an undoped junction with the incident energy equal to the superconducting gap.
Astrophysical information from the Rayleigh-Jeans Tail of the CMB
Authors: Ghara Raghunath , Mellema Garrelt , Zaroubi Saleem 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
One of the explanations for the recent EDGES-LOW band 21 cm measurements of a strong absorption signal around 80 MHz is the presence of an excess radio background to the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). Such excess can be produced by the decay of unstable particles into small mass dark photons which have a non-zero mixing angle with electromagnetism. We use the EDGES-LOW band measurements to derive joint constraints on the properties of the early galaxies and the parameters of such a particle physics model for the excess radio background. A Bayesian analysis shows that a high star formation efficiency and X-ray emission of 4–7 × 1048 erg per solar mass in stars are required along with a suppression of star formation in halos with virial temperatures ≲ 2 × 104 K. The same analysis also suggests a 68 percent credible intervals for the mass of the decaying dark matter particles, it's lifetime, dark photon mass and the mixing angle of the dark and ordinary photon oscillation of [10-3.5, 10-2.4] eV, [101.1, 102.7] × 13.8 Gyr, [10-12.2, 10-10] eV and [10-7, 10-5.6] respectively. This implies an excess radio background which is ≈ 5.7 times stronger than the CMB around 80 MHz. This value is a factor ∼ 3 higher than the previous predictions which used a simplified model for the 21 cm signal.
A prediction for anisotropies in the nearby Hubble flow
Authors: Heinesen Asta , Macpherson Hayley J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We assess the dominant low-redshift anisotropic signatures in the distance-redshift relation and redshift drift signals. We adopt general-relativistic irrotational dust models allowing for gravitational radiation — the `quiet universe models' — which are extensions of the silent universe models. Using cosmological simulations evolved with numerical relativity, we confirm that the quiet universe model is a good description on scales larger than those of collapsing structures.
With this result, we reduce the number of degrees of freedom in the fully general luminosity distance and redshift drift cosmographies by a factor of ∼ 2 and ∼ 2.5, respectively, for the most simplified case.
We predict a dominant dipolar signature in the distance-redshift relation for low-redshift data, with direction along the gradient of the large-scale density field. Further, we predict a dominant quadrupole in the anisotropy of the redshift drift signal, which is sourced by the electric Weyl curvature tensor. The signals we predict in this work should be tested with present and near-future cosmological surveys.
Charge-injection Device Imaging of Sirius with Contrast Ratios Greater than 1:26 Million
Authors: Sawant Sailee M. , Batcheldor Daniel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The intrinsic nature of many astronomical objects, such as binary and multiple systems, exoplanets, circumstellar and debris disks, and quasar host galaxies, introduces challenging requirements for observational instrumentation and techniques. In each case, we encounter situations where the light from bright sources hampers our ability to detect surrounding fainter targets. To explore all features of such astronomical scenes, we must perform observations at the maximum possible contrast ratios. Charge-injection devices (CIDs) are capable of potentially exceeding contrast ratios of

log

10

(
CR
)
>
9

(i.e., 1 part in 1 billion) due to their unique readout architectures and inherent anti-blooming abilities. An on-sky testing of a commercially available CID, SpectraCAM XDR (SXDR), demonstrated raw contrast ratios from sub-optimal ground-based astronomical observations that imposed practical limits on the maximum achievable contrast ratios using CIDs. Here, we demonstrate the extreme contrast ratio imaging capabilities of the SXDR using observations of Sirius with the 1.0 m Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope, La Palma, Spain. Based on wavelet-based analysis and precise photometric and astrometric calibrations, we report a direct contrast ratio of Δm

r
= 18.54,

log

10

(
CR
)
=
7.41
±
0.08

, or 1 part in 26 million. This is an order of magnitude higher compared to the previous CID results.
Characterization of pedestal burst instabilities during I-mode to H-mode transition in the EAST tokamak
Authors: Zhong X.M. , Zou X.L. , Liu A.D. , Song Y.T. , Zhuang G. , Li E.Z. , Zhang B. , Zhang J. , Zhou C. , Feng X. , Duan Y.M. , Ding R. , Liu H.Q. , Lv B. , Wang L. , Xu L.Q. , Zhang L. , Zhao H.L. , Zang Q. , Zhang T. , Ding B.J. , Li M.H. , Qin C.M. , Wang X.J. , Zhang X.J. , EAST Team  
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Quasi-periodic pedestal burst instabilities (PBIs), featuring alternative turbulence suppression and bursts, have been clearly identified by various edge diagnostics during I-mode to H-mode transition in the EAST Tokamak. The radial distribution of the phase perturbation caused by PBI shows that PBI is localized in the pedestal. Prior to each PBI, a significant increase of density gradient close to the pedestal top can be clearly distinguished, then the turbulence burst is generated, accompanied by the relaxation of the density profile, and then induces an outward particle flux. The relative density perturbation caused by PBIs is about 6%–8%. Statistic analyses show that the pedestal normalized density gradient R/L
n triggering the first PBI has a threshold value, mostly in the range of 22–24, suggesting that a PBI triggering instability could be driven by the density gradient. And R/L
n triggering the last PBI is about 30–40 and seems to increase with the loss power and the chord-averaged density. In addition, the frequency of PBI is likely to be inversely proportional to the chord-averaged density and the loss power. These results suggest that PBIs and the density gradient prompt increase prior to PBIs can be considered as the precursor for controlling I–H transition.
Global Nonsingular Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Control of Aerodynamic Heat Simulation Heating System Based on Linear Extended State Observer
Authors: Lv X D , Zhang G M , Ouyang H M , Pan H H , Bai Z Q 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a novel global nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode control (GNFTSMC) method based on linear extended state observer (LESO) is proposed for Aerodynamic Heat Simulation Heating System (AHSHS). The global nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode surface (GNFTSMS), comprising constant reaching law and LESO, establishes a closed-loop control for the whole control process. Firstly, the designed GNFTSMS eliminates the reaching stage, so that the whole control process is confined on the sliding mode surface. The fast term and nonsingular term ensure convergence speed in the sliding phase, and eliminate the singularity and suppress the chattering phenomenon. Then, the constant reaching law can effectively solve the problem of convergence stagnation in the control process and further accelerate the convergence speed. Then, LESO can feed back the observation of input disturbances and external disturbances to the control system. Furthermore, Lyapunov stability theorem is utilized to prove the stability of the closed-loop system. Finally, the simulation results verify that the proposed GNFTSMC method based on LESO is superior.
PID Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Improved Actor-Critic Framework
Authors: Liao Junrong , Liu Shiyue , Wu Qinghe , Chen Jiabin , Wei Fuhua 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Aiming at the shortcomings of the traditional PID control method that the parameters cannot be adjusted flexible, an improved Actor-Critic reinforcement learning algorithm combined with incremental PID control is proposed to improve the control performance of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The strategy function of Actor and value function of Critic are approximated by two back propagation (BP) neural networks respectively. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has better control performance and effect than the traditional PID control method.
A Robust Backstepping Sliding Mode Controller with Chattering-Free Strategy for a Swarm of Drones
Authors: Zaidi Adeel , Kazim Muhammad , Wang Hui 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a robust controller for a swarm of drones that are subjected to external disturbances. Integrating a fuzzy-based system in the sliding mode control technique, a chattering-free controller is proposed for the trajectory tracking of a drone. Furthermore, the formation controller for a group of drones is developed using the Backstepping control design technique. The integration of a fuzzy rule-based system in the sliding mode tracking controller enables overcoming the inherent chattering problem due to discontinuous switching function in the sliding mode control technique and provides smooth and chattering-free control signals. The asymptotic stability of the overall system is shown using the Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, the control design performance is evaluated using numerical simulations.
Study on the Preparation and Properties of Several Dielectric Composites Applied to Capacitors
Authors: Mao Xin , Jiang Qin , Xu Luopeng , Liang Zhenyu , Shi Chenhui , Liu Xiang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Polyaniline, polyvinylidene fluoride or liquid acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber as high-dielectric organic fillers were added to the polyimide matrix to synthesize several all-organic polyimide-based dielectric composite materials, and then dielectric properties and energy storage density of these composites were investigated. Experimental results indicated that the dielectric properties of the three polyimide matrix composites were enhanced through the introduction of fillers. In addition, compared with Polyaniline or polyvinylidene fluoride as fillers, the composites prepared by liquid acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber as fillers exhibited superior dielectric properties and energy storage density.
Ensemble Learning based Fishing Behavior Analysis for Vessels around Zhoushan Islands Erea
Authors: Zhang Liang , Xing Bowen , Chen Xiao , Wang Wugui 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In order to improve and verify the application value of AIS data in fishing behavior analysis, three existing models were chosen to analyze the fishing paths of more than 200 boats around Zhoushan Islands. In order to confirm their operation mode, F1-score was used to evaluate related models. Experimental results shown that the Lightgbm model embodies better performance in the analysis of fishing boat behavior with higher practicality.
Video-Assisted Clinical Care for Remote Management of COVID-19
Authors: Suhr Katelyn Alexa , Norouzi Narges , Julie Ian Michael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for biomedical monitoring devices has increased for collecting vital signs from patients virtually. This paper will discuss developing an iOS mobile application that will ingest video frames in real-time to provide oxygen saturation and heart rate values. We provide two techniques for capturing data using 1) face monitoring under natural light and 2) fingertip monitoring using the iPhone’s flashlight. We observed an average Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 3.6 for heart rate estimation using fingertip recordings and 13.25 using face recordings. For oxygen saturation, we obtained the RMSE for each class between SpO2 values 94 - 99%. The lowest RMSE provided from our application was 0.26 for fingertip recording and 0.22 for face recording at SpO2 level 96%. The highest RMSE was 6.34 for fingertip recording and 6.56 for face recording at SpO2 level 99%. These preliminary models will be further enhanced through a clinical study with UC Davis Health as we collect data from participants with respiratory diseases.
Design and Mechanics Analysis of Tools for Live Replacement of UHV Whole String Insulators
Authors: Xuechun HAN , Hengdong SONG , Xmglie LEI , Yong PENG 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experimental results show that the method can effectively detect the contamination degree of the contact net insulator The replacement of whole string insulators is difficult tasks of live working for UHV transmission line and still remain blank. Based on the structure and layout of straight string and tensile string insulators of UHV transmission lines, this paper proposes design of tools for live replacement of the whole string insulators. Through three-dimensional simulation and analysis, the force characteristics of the various tools are determined, and developed the tools for live replacement of the whole string insulators of UHV, and the mechanical test of the tools are carried out. The test results confirm the feasibility of the tool design and the reliability of the mechanical simulation model proposed in this paper, which provides technical supports for the live replacement of UHV whole string insulators.