bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon Loss from Earthquake Induced Landslides in Fiordland
Authors: Cox Charles 
Published: February 2025

Fiordland is a carbon sink, and the influence of landslide events on carbon transport and sequestration in the region needs to be understood. Landslides triggered by two earthquakes in Fiordland were mapped using Google Earth Pro satellite imagery (eye altitude of 1.5–2.5 km, enabling ± 50 m precision). Ground acceleration during the 2003 Mw 7.2 Secretary Island Earthquake resulted in at least 1852 landslides. The larger 2009 Mw 7.8 Dusky Sound Earthquake had lower accelerations, producing only 313. Both events dislodged large swaths of native forest, grassland vegetation and soil, some landing in rivers and fjords. The landslide maps and magnitude–frequency distributions show close similarity to a published Global Forest Loss dataset derived from 2001–2022 satellite imagery. Assuming forest loss here is predominantly landslide related, it enables the more-precise earthquake-induced landslide mapping to be placed in a longer-term context of other vegetation loss, mostly rainfall-induced landslides, during the past two decades. The total area of forest loss during the 2003 earthquake was anomalous, whereas during 2009 the earthquake losses were similar to areas of forest loss assumed to be rainfall-induced landslides throughout Fiordland each year. Carbon concentrations of landslide vegetation were calculated by defining vegetation types from a published Land Cover Database, and soil organic carbon concentration from a 1 km resolution raster dataset. Total carbon loss from earthquake-induced landslides amounts to 2.05 Mt for the 2003 Mw7.2 and 0.217 Mt for the 2009 Mw 7.8. By way of comparison, New Zealand’s total annual carbon sequestration was 6.3 Mt in 2020, and CO2 emissions were 9.2 MtC. Multiple-occurrence regional landslide events can account for changes carbon storage and sequestration in areas of dense vegetation, such as Fiordland. Processes of landscape disturbance are significant for carbon accounting and could be included in estimates of national greenhouse gas emissions.
The first record of the water mite genus Parathyas Lundblad, 1926 (Acari: Hydryphantoidea: Hydryphantidae) from China with description of two new species
Authors: Zhong Hao , Gu Xin-Yao , Li Ping , Hu Zhan-Yu , Guo Jian-Jun 
Published: February 2025

Two species, Parathyas pingwuensis Zhong & Guo sp. nov. and Parathyas qilianensis Zhong & Guo sp. nov., were described and illustrated in detail as new species to science, which represent a new recorded genus of Euthyadinae K. Viets, 1931 for the Chinese water mite fauna, and were collected from Wanglang National Natural Reserve, Pingwu County, Sichuan Province and Qilian Mountain, Qinghai Province, China.
Association Between Meeting 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and Health-Related Quality of Life in Adolescents
Authors: Zhao Hanhua , Hu Sha , Yang Xi , Wang Haoyu , Miao Jiachen , Gao Naichun , Gao Ying , Haapala Eero A. 
Published: February 2025

Background: Evidence-based 24-hour movement guidelines have been developed to integrate recommendations for time spent on moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), screen time (ST), and sleep. This study investigated the adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines and explored the relationship with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional findings are based on 1774 adolescents (49.1% female) aged 13–16 years from the Shenyang region of China. MVPA, ST, and sleep duration were self-reported using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, an ST questionnaire, and a wake–sleep time questionnaire. HRQoL was measured using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, which encompasses physical, psychosocial, and total HRQoL. Adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines was classified by meeting general (eg, none, 1, 2, and 3 guidelines) and specific combinations (eg, MVPA and ST guidelines) within the 3 recommendations. Associations were examined using general linear models adjusted for age, sex, and parents’ education. Results: A total of 5.1% of the sample met all three 24-hour movement guidelines. Additionally, compared with meeting no guideline, meeting all 3 guidelines was associated with better physical (β = 5.37; 95% CI, 0.69–9.49; P = .005), psychosocial (β = 3.76; 95% CI, 0.84–6.68; P = .012), and total HRQoL (β = 4.16; 95% CI, 1.35–6.98; P = .004). Compared with not meeting the specific combination guidelines, meeting MVPA and ST was associated with better physical HRQoL (β = 5.52; 95% CI, 1.30–9.74; P = .01). Conclusions: These cross-sectional findings suggest that meeting all three 24-hour movement guidelines were associated with better HRQoL in adolescents. Since a low proportion of this sample was meeting the overall guidelines, future effort should encourage, and perhaps improve adherence to the 24-hour movement guidelines.
The influence of trace metal supplementation on the presence of ceftriaxone resistance in
Enterobacteriaceae
in the gastrointestinal tract of dairy cattle
Authors: Martineau Charles-Antoine , Duplessis Mélissa , Ronholm Jennifer , Petri Renée M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

The addition of trace minerals into the diet of lactating cows frequently exceeds national recommendations for industry practices. However, the presence of certain heavy metals, such as zinc and copper, has been shown to exert selection pressure on the gut microbiota, favoring metal resistance and potential co-selection for antimicrobial resistance. To determine whether oversupplementation of dietary zinc alters the gut microbiota of dairy cattle, a cross-over design was used to feed either recommended or surplus levels of dietary zinc (0.89×; high mineral diet) compared to the recommended levels (control diet). Rumen, duodenum, and fecal samples were collected to analyze the 16S rRNA microbial community for diversity and relative abundance, with a greater focus on the
Enterobacteriaceae
family, while mixed enriched gut content samples were cultured to determine the presence of zinc, copper, and ceftriaxone resistances in gram-negative bacteria. Alpha-diversity analysis showed a decrease in richness and evenness (Simpson index) when cows were in the HIGH treatment (
P =
0.0464) and a tendency to decrease (
P =
0.0592) diversity according to the Shannon index. Despite alpha-diversity differences,
Enterobacteriaceae
abundance showed no difference between treatments. For culturing, a tendency (
P =
0.0956) for decreased fecal resistance to zinc on MacConkey mixed enriched isolates was observed for the HIGH group. This study showed that there were differences between niches but no significant increase in resistance in response to zinc, copper, and ceftriaxone in the enriched
Enterobacteriaceae
populations from the rumen, duodenum, and fecal niches and that zinc oversupplementation had minimal impact on gut microbiota communities.

IMPORTANCE

The addition of trace minerals into the diet of lactating cows, at levels exceeding national recommendations, is a common industry practice. However, there are new concerns as the presence of certain heavy metals, such as zinc, has been shown to exert selection pressure on the gut microbiota, favoring metal resistance and potential co-selection for antimicrobial resistance. We evaluated how the addition of zinc in the diet of lactating cows affects the bacterial community’s relative abundance and diversity, with a focus on the
Enterobacteriaceae
family throughout the gastrointestinal tract, due to their importance for human health. Using samples from the rumen, duodenum, and feces, we cultivated gram-negative bacteria from enriched samples in the presence of zinc, copper, and ceftriaxone resistances to confirm phenotype resistances. This study contributes to our understanding of how dairy diets oversupplemented with minerals may alter the microbial community of the animal and could contribute to the dissemination of antibiotic resistance.
Association between sun-protective behaviours and psoriasis in US adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009–2014: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Xuan Yawen , Feng Yibin , Rong Fen , He Xufeng , Wang Wuqing , Li Wen 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between sun-protective behaviours and psoriasis in a nationally representative sample of US adults.DesignAnalysis of cross-sectional data.SettingNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2009–2014.ParticipantsA total of 9735 participants aged 20–59 years with available data on psoriasis, sun-protective behaviours and covariates were included in the analysis.Outcome measuresInformation on sun-protective behaviours (staying in the shade, wearing long sleeves and using sunscreen) and psoriasis was obtained from questionnaires in the NHANES database. Logistic regression models and subgroup analyses were employed to investigate the association between sun-protective behaviours and psoriasis.ResultsAfter adjusting for sociodemographic variables, body mass index (BMI), alcohol drinking status, smoking status, sun sensitivity and time spent outdoors in the multivariable logistic regression model, moderate wearing of long sleeves was negatively associated with psoriasis (OR, 0.55; 95% CI 0.33 to 0.90, p=0.02), while frequent wearing showed no significant relationship. There was no significant association between staying in the shade and psoriasis, regardless of frequency. Subgroup analyses stratified by age, gender, race/ethnicity and smoking status revealed no significant associations in most groups, but moderate wearing of long sleeves was found to be negatively associated with psoriasis among those aged 20–39 years (OR, 0.42; 95% CI 0.18 to 0.98, p=0.04), among non-Hispanic white individuals (OR, 0.52; 95% CI 0.28 to 0.97, p=0.04) and among non-smokers (OR, 0.49; 95% CI 0.25 to 0.95, p=0.04), as it was among women in terms of overall sun protection (OR, 0.58; 95% CI 0.35 to 0.97, p=0.04). However, among non-Hispanic white individuals (staying in the shade: OR, 1.69; 95% CI 1.00 to 2.84, p=0.049) and former/current smokers (overall: OR, 3.28; 95% CI 1.41 to 7.63, p=0.009), frequent sun protection was positively associated with psoriasis.ConclusionsModerate sun-protective behaviours among US adults were found to be negatively associated with psoriasis. However, among non-Hispanic white individuals and former/current smokers, frequent sun protection was positively associated with psoriasis. Future studies with rigorous study design could further explore and validate the potential reasons for these associations to better inform evidence-based behavioural recommendations that protect human health.
School nurse-led educational interventions for sexual and reproductive health promotion in adolescents in high-income countries: a mixed-methods systematic review protocol
Authors: Choi Yu Mi , Noh Suyeon , Seo Hyun-Ju , Yoon Jaehee 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionAs educators and health professionals, school nurses are in an optimal position to improve and advocate for adolescent reproductive and sexual health. This report outlines a protocol for a systematic review to synthesize evidence on the effects of school nurse-led education interventions and barriers and facilitators to implementing the interventions to improve students’ knowledge, attitudes and behaviours related to sexual and reproductive health in high-income countries.Methods and analysisWe will develop a protocol to systematically review school nurse-led education interventions aimed at promoting adolescent sexual and reproductive health. This protocol will be based on the methodology of theCochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The search will be conducted in Ovid-MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Ovid-Embase, PsycINFO, Koreamed and ScienceON using relevant Medical Subject Headings and text words to identify the literature on different types of studies examining school nurse-led sexual and reproductive health education interventions in April 2024. Two independent reviewers will select relevant studies and extract data using a predefined template. We will assess methodological quality using the risk-of-bias tools appropriate for study designs and will resolve discrepancies through discussion with the review team. Where appropriate, we will conduct meta-analyses to estimate the effectiveness of school nurse-led sexual and reproductive health education interventions. Additionally, a qualitative evidence synthesis will be performed for the qualitative research included in the review. Finally, both a quantitative synthesis and a qualitative synthesis will be combined into a secondary synthesis addressing the facilitators and barriers of sexual and reproductive health educational interventions provided by school nurses to adolescents.Ethics and disseminationThis review will synthesise publicly available resources and does not require ethical approval. The findings will provide insights into how school nurses can improve students’ sexual and reproductive health. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, reports and academic conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022347625.
Evaluating a digital prehabilitation tool in patients with colorectal surgery: protocol for a multisite randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ogomori Kelsey , Broering Jeanette , Rogine Camille , Kin Cindy , Chang George J , Finlayson Emily 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionColorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality in the USA and occurs most frequently in older adults. These patients are at increased risk of adverse outcomes following major cancer surgery. While prehabilitation has been shown to mitigate this risk, multiple barriers to implementation remain. Our team created a digital tool co-designed with older adults that employs an algorithm to assess patient-specific geriatric vulnerabilities and generate personalised prehabilitation programmes before surgery.Methods and analysisWe have designed a multisite, unblinded randomised trial to be completed at three high-volume academic cancer centres located in California or Texas. Our study population is individuals aged 65 and older with planned colorectal cancer resection who are proficient in English and have home internet access. We aim to enroll 132 patients who will be randomised in a 2:1 ratio to receive the intervention (assistance from a home health coach and access to the web application (web app)) or control (usual care with written prehabilitation materials). Our primary outcome is patient engagement with prehabilitation activities.Ethics and disseminationA properly executed, written, informed consent will be obtained from each subject prior to entering the subject into the trial. Information will be given in both oral and written form, and subjects may withdraw at any time from the study without effect on their medical care. The protocol and consent form have been approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of each participating centre. We anticipate publication of results in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberNCT05520866.
Development of a nomogram for predicting depression risk in patients with chronic kidney disease: an analysis of data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007–2014
Authors: Lai Ru Le , Cheng Jia Yin , Zhang Tianhao , Liang Xiao , Zhu Yuan Yue , Huang Xu , Wu Bin 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesDepression frequently occurs among individuals suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD), diminishing life quality considerably while accelerating the disease course. This study aims to create a predictive model to identify patients with CKD at high risk for depression.DesignAnalysis of cross-sectional data.SettingUS National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2014).ParticipantsA total of 2303 patients with CKD (weighted=17 422 083) with complete data were included in the analysis.Outcome measuresWe used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression for variable selection and constructed a weighted logistic regression model through stepwise backward elimination based on minimisation of the Akaike information criterion, visualised with a nomogram. Internal validation was conducted using 1000 bootstrap resamples. Model discrimination was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration was evaluated using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test and calibration curves, and net benefits and clinical impact were analysed using decision curve analysis and comparative impact chart curves.ResultsThe final model included 10 predictors: age, gender, poverty income ratio, body mass index, smoking, sleep time, sleep disorder, chest pain, diabetes and arthritis. The model achieved an area under the curve of 0.776 (95% CI 0.745 to 0.806) with good fit (Hosmer-Lemeshow p=0.805). Interventions within the 0.1–0.6 probability range showed significant benefits.ConclusionWe have crafted a predictive model with good discriminative power that could potentially help clinicians identify patients with CKD at high risk for depression, thereby facilitating early intervention and improving the prognosis of these patients.
Assessing the effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring compared with conventional monitoring in enhancing surgical outcomes for patients with diabetes: protocol for a multicentre, parallel-arm, randomised, pragmatic trial in China
Authors: Duan Yi , Ding Lin , Gao Zhifeng , Wang Yutong , Cao Han , Zhang Huan , Yao Lan 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionThe Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI) is an internationally recognised indicator of postoperative complications. During the perioperative period, patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) may experience a significant increase in the CCI associated with glucose-related complications and increased mortality. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) offers advantages such as portability, accuracy, real-time monitoring and rich information. However, few large-scale studies have investigated the effectiveness and safety of CGM in reducing CCI during major surgeries.Methods and analysisThis study is a multicentre, parallel-arm, randomised pragmatic trial to investigate whether CGM improves clinical outcomes in patients with type 1 or type 2 DM or IGT undergoing major surgery relative to conventional monitoring. This study is planned to be conducted in 50 secondary or tertiary hospitals in China. Eligible patients aged 18 years or older with DM or IGT undergoing elective major surgery will be recruited during a baseline screening period of 3 days before surgery. Eligible patients will be randomly assigned to receive CGM or conventional monitoring in a 1:1 ratio. The primary endpoint measure is the CCI score within 30 postoperative days. The margin of superiority is −12.0. A total of 10 168 participants will achieve 90% power to detect a clinically important difference of −13.0 between the means in the primary outcome. This trial includes multiple statistical analysis steps. For the primary outcome, a covariance model will be used to compare the difference in CCI within 30 days postoperatively between the two groups after adjusting for baseline and centre effects.Ethics and disseminationThis trial has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital (No. 23684-0-02) and its corresponding branch centres. Informed consent will be obtained from all subjects involved in the study. The primary trial results will be submitted for publication to a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberNCT06331923.
Automated Program Repair: Emerging Trends Pose and Expose Problems for Benchmarks
Authors: Renzullo Joseph , Reiter Pemma , Weimer Westley , Forrest Stephanie 
Published: February 2025

Machine learning (ML) pervades the field of Automated Program Repair (APR). Algorithms deploy neural machine translation and large language models (LLMs) to generate software patches, among other tasks. But, there are important differences between these applications of ML and earlier work, which complicates the task of ensuring that results are valid and likely to generalize. A challenge is that the most popular APR evaluation benchmarks were not designed with ML techniques in mind. This is especially true for LLMs, whose large and often poorly-disclosed training datasets may include problems on which they are evaluated.
This paper reviews work in APR published in the field’s top five venues since 2018, emphasizing emerging trends in the field, including the dramatic rise of ML models, including LLMs. ML-based papers are categorized along structural and functional dimensions, and a variety of issues are identified that these new methods raise. Importantly, data leakage and contamination concerns arise from the challenge of validating ML-based APR using existing benchmarks, which were designed before these techniques were popular. We discuss inconsistencies in evaluation design and performance reporting and offer pointers to solutions where they are available. Finally, we highlight promising new directions that the field is already taking.
Dynamic Per-Flow Queues in Shared Buffer TSN Switches
Authors: Wu Wenxue , Zhang Tong , Li Zhen , Feng Xiaoqin , Zhang Liwei , Ren Fengyuan 
Published: February 2025

Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN), as an enhancement based on Ethernet, can ensure deterministic traffic transmission with low delays and minimal jitters. However, TSN switches have only eight priority queues inherited from Ethernet at each egress port, which limits the flexibility and efficiency of traffic scheduling, as well as the support for developing traffic management mechanisms. Although per-flow queues boost scheduling and Quality of Service (QoS), static per-flow hardware queues in switches are considered unpratical due to resource limits. In this paper, we leverage the limitation of buffer size on the number of concurrent flows in shared buffer TSN switches to design Dynamic Per-Flow Queues (DFQ). DFQ only maintains a fixed number of virtual queues determined by the buffer size and dynamically manages the mapping between virtual queues and active flows to provide the capability of per-flow queueing. By constructing Flow Mapping Table (FMT) with content-addressable memory (or hash bucket), DFQ can quickly match, create, and recycle queues to multiplex limited switch resource. We prototype DFQ on an FPGA switch and evaluate its performance in different scenarios. Experimental results show that DFQ can decrease the overhead of per-flow isolation with minimal impact on delay and throughput, indicating that DFQ is an effective per-flow queues solution.