bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correcting for subcutaneous fat: Does it improve the correlation between vastus lateralis echo intensity and physical performance in older women?
Authors: Palmer Ty B. , Farrow Ahalee C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNumerous studies have corrected the echo intensity of the vastus lateralis for subcutaneous fat thickness. However, it is unclear if correction for subcutaneous fat improves the correlation between vastus lateralis echo intensity and physical performance. We aimed to examine the correlations between vastus lateralis muscle morphology parameters and physical performance outcomes in older women. Twenty healthy older women (67 ± 4 years) participated in this study. Muscle cross‐sectional area, raw and corrected echo intensity and subcutaneous fat thickness were determined from ultrasound scans of the vastus lateralis. Physical performance was assessed from timed up‐and‐go and 6 min walk tests. Raw echo intensity was significantly related to timed up‐and‐go scores (r = 0.552, p = 0.012) and 6 min walk distance (r = −0.462, p = 0.040), whereas corrected echo intensity was not significantly associated with these performances (r = 0.433, p = 0.056 and r = −0.373, p = 0.105). There was a nonsignificant correlation between raw echo intensity and subcutaneous fat thickness (r = 0.353, p = 0.126). There were also nonsignificant correlations between muscle cross‐sectional area and timed up‐and‐go scores (r = −0.189, p = 0.426) and 6 min walk distance (r = 0.298, p = 0.201). The results of our study showed that raw echo intensity correlated better than corrected echo intensity with physical performance. These findings question the need to correct the echo intensity of the vastus lateralis for subcutaneous fat thickness in older adults.
Assessing the conservation priority of freshwater lake sites based on taxonomic, functional and environmental uniqueness
Authors: Heino Jani , García Girón Jorge , Hämäläinen Heikki , Hellsten Seppo , Ilmonen Jari , Karjalainen Juha , Mäkinen Teemu , Nyholm Kristiina , Ropponen Janne , Takolander Antti , Tolonen Kimmo T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimWe propose a novel approach that considers taxonomic uniqueness, functional uniqueness and environmental uniqueness and show how it can be used in guiding conservation planning. We illustrate the approach using data for lake biota and environment.LocationLake Puruvesi, Finland.MethodsWe sampled macrophytes and macroinvertebrates from the same 18 littoral sites. By adapting the original “ecological uniqueness” approach, we used distance‐based methods to calculate measures of taxonomic (LCBD–t), functional (LCBD–f) and environmental (LCEH) uniqueness for each site. We also considered the numbers and locations of the sites needed to protect up to 70% of total variation in taxonomic, functional or environmental features in the studied part of the lake.ResultsRelationships between taxonomic (LCBD–t), functional (LCBD–f) and environmental (LCEH) uniqueness were generally weak, and only the relationship between macrophyte LCBD–t and LCBD–f was statistically significant. Overall, however, if the whole biotic dataset was considered, macroinvertebrate LCBD–f values showed a consistent positive relationship with macrophyte LCBD–f. Depending on the measure of site uniqueness, between one‐third to one half of the sites could help protect up to 70% of the ecological uniqueness of the studied part of Lake Puruvesi.Main conclusionsAlthough the dataset examined originated from a large lake system, the approach we proposed here can be applied in different ecosystems and at various spatial scales. An important consideration is that a set of sites has been sampled using the same methods, resulting in species and environmental matrices that can be analysed using the methodological approach proposed here. This framework can be easily applied to grid‐based data, sets of islands or sets of forest fragments. We suggest that the approach based on taxonomic, functional and environmental uniqueness will be a useful tool in guiding nature conservation and ecosystem management, especially if associated with meta‐system ideas or network thinking.
From global goal to local development policy: How partnerships as a policy idea changes through policy translation
Authors: Hustad Oda 
Published: July 2022

SummaryMotivationPartnerships between governments, private companies, and non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) are increasingly popular tools for policy implementation. Much research attention has been paid to the formation and design of partnerships and how they can improve their development impact but there is little on how partnerships translate into local development policies.PurposeThis article explores how partnerships as a policy idea, embedded in United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 17, changes as it is translated into local development policies. It traces how such translation processes change the problems that development partnerships set out to solve, and how they aim to solve them.Methods and approachThe article presents a case study of a translation of SDG 17 that took place in interaction between the Danish International Development Agency (Danida) and a policy network. The data set consists of documents and in‐depth interviews with policy network actors.FindingsFrom the UN's perspective, SDG 17 set out to mobilize private sector resources to achieve the SDGs. However, SDG 17 became a solution to partially global, but mostly local issues when it was translated into a Danish development policy, and consequently, a partnership programme. Some discursive alliances between policy network actors were more effective than others in advancing their discourses in the translation process, which influenced this outcome. These findings contribute to research on development partnerships by showing how partnership as a policy idea, embedded in SDG 17, changes through policy translation.Policy implicationsFindings from the study highlight the importance of discursive alliances in policy networks when policy ideas are localized into development policies. Moreover, the findings imply that when studying the translation of ideas into development policies, it is important to first disentangle the local conditions under which such processes take place to fully understand how they determine the translation outcome.
Coal demand, market forces, and U.S. coal mine closures
Authors: Watson Brett , Lange Ian , Linn Joshua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEconomic transitions have the potential to displace workers and cause social unrest. Coal mine closures and the resulting employment losses in rural areas have become salient issues. Using data on coal mine and power plant operation, we model closure as a function of expected profits, which allows us to compare the effects on mine closure of specific demand and supply shocks to expected mine profits. Increasing costs of production have had a large impact on closures, but lower natural gas prices and lower electricity demand have played more recently important roles.
Leadership in changing doctoral education
Authors: Zinner Lucas , Lindorfer Bianca , O'Reilly Allison 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAs a consequence of reforms in doctoral education, notably since the 2005 publication of the Salzburg Principles, doctoral schools represent the state of the art in contemporary doctoral education in Europe. They aim at supporting the collective vision and endeavour to ensure the personal and professional growth of doctoral candidates, the socialisation of doctoral candidates in the scientific community and their preparation for future careers in a knowledge society. But how is it possible that this new structure is not only perceived as an additional, perhaps dispensable bureaucratic layer that disrupts the traditionally very private relationship between supervisor and doctoral student, but is recognised by the latter as support and added value. We argue that this is directly related to the way the doctoral schools themselves are set up and governed. In this article, we use the example of the University of Vienna to illustrate how different leadership styles were used by the university management to ensure faculty buy‐in. In particular, we point out that the mix of transactional leadership, which incentivises and rewards certain behaviours, and transformational leadership, which also encourages initiative and self‐responsibility, has contributed to the fact that the doctoral schools at the University of Vienna, after only a short time in existence, are recognised as adding value; which has had an immediate positive impact on the situation of the students in particular, but also on the awareness of doctoral education in general.
Perinatal risk factors for SUDEP: A population‐based case‐control study
Authors: Sveinsson Olafur , Andersson Tomas , Carlsson Sofia , Tomson Torbjörn 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a leading epilepsy‐related cause of death. Researchers have highlighted the similarities between SUDEP and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), but perinatal risk factors such as those identified for SIDS have not been assessed previously for SUDEP. We conducted a population‐based case‐control study of 58 SUDEP individuals and 384 living epilepsy controls born after 1982, utilizing the Swedish Medical Birth Register together with other national health registers and individual medical records to examine if prenatal and perinatal factors are associated with SUDEP risk. We observed a 3‐fold SUDEP risk increase for infants who were small for gestational age (SGA) (odds ratio [OR] 3.13; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–9.30) and for those with an Apgar score of 0–6 compared to 9–10 at 10 min (OR 3.22; 95% CI 1.05–9.87). After adjusting for a number of known SUDEP risk factors, we observed that the Apgar score between 0 and 6 after 10 min had a 10‐fold increased risk for SUDEP OR 10.37 (95% CI 1.49–72.01) and over a 2‐fold risk for those born after the 40th gestational week (OR 2.42; 95% CI 1.03–5.65). The potential mechanisms linking low Apgar score, gestational age, and SGA to SUDEP risk remain to be explored.
Risk of hospitalization and death for COVID‐19 in persons with epilepsy over a 20‐month period: The EpiLink Bologna cohort, Italy
Authors: Muccioli Lorenzo , Zenesini Corrado , Taruffi Lisa , Licchetta Laura , Mostacci Barbara , Di Vito Lidia , Pasini Elena , Volpi Lilia , Riguzzi Patrizia , Ferri Lorenzo , Baccari Flavia , Nonino Francesco , Michelucci Roberto , Tinuper Paolo , Vignatelli Luca , Bisulli Francesca 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveData on COVID‐19 outcomes in persons with epilepsy (PWE) are scarce and inconclusive. We aimed to study the risk of hospitalization and death for COVID‐19 in a large cohort of PWE from March 1, 2020 to October 31, 2021.MethodsThe historical cohort design (EpiLink Bologna) compared adult PWE grouped into people with focal epilepsy (PFE), idiopathic generalized epilepsy (PIGE), and developmental and/or epileptic encephalopathy (PDEE), and a population cohort matched (ratio 1:10) for age, sex, residence, and comorbidity (assessed with the multisource comorbidity score), living in the local health trust of Bologna (approximately 800 000 residents). Clinical data were linked to health administrative data.ResultsIn both cohorts (EpiLink: n = 1575 subjects, 1128 PFE, 267 PIGE, 148 PDEE, 32 other; controls: n = 15 326 subjects), 52% were females, and the mean age was 50 years (SD = 18). Hospital admissions for COVID‐19 in the whole period were 49 (3.1%) in PWE and 225 (1.5%) in controls. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) in PWE was 1.9 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4–2.7). The subgroups at higher risk were PFE (aHR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.3–2.8) and PDEE (aHR = 3.9, 95% CI = 1.7–8.7), whereas PIGE had a risk comparable to the controls (aHR = 1.1, 95% CI = .3–3.5). Stratified analyses of the two main epidemic waves (March–May 2020, October 2020–May 2021) disclosed a higher risk of COVID‐19‐related hospitalization during the first epidemic wave (March–May 2020; aHR = 3.8, 95% CI = 2.2–6.7). Polytherapy with antiseizure medications contributed to a higher risk of hospital admission. Thirty‐day risk of death after hospitalization was 14% in both PWE and controls.SignificanceDuring the first 20 months since the outbreak of COVID‐19 in Bologna, PWE had a doubled risk of COVID‐19 hospital admission compared to a matched control population. Conversely, epilepsy did not represent a risk factor for COVID‐19‐related death.
Urban rendezvous along the seashore: Ports as Darwinian field labs for studying marine evolution in the Anthropocene
Authors: Touchard Fanny , Simon Alexis , Bierne Nicolas , Viard Frédérique 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHumans have built ports on all the coasts of the world, allowing people to travel, exploit the sea, and develop trade. The proliferation of these artificial habitats and the associated maritime traffic is not predicted to fade in the coming decades. Ports share common characteristics: Species find themselves in novel singular environments, with particular abiotic properties—e.g., pollutants, shading, protection from wave action—within novel communities in a melting pot of invasive and native taxa. Here, we discuss how this drives evolution, including setting up of new connectivity hubs and gateways, adaptive responses to exposure to new chemicals or new biotic communities, and hybridization between lineages that would have never come into contact naturally. There are still important knowledge gaps, however, such as the lack of experimental tests to distinguish adaptation from acclimation processes, the lack of studies to understand the putative threats of port lineages to natural populations or to better understand the outcomes and fitness effects of anthropogenic hybridization. We thus call for further research examining “biological portuarization,” defined as the repeated evolution of marine species in port ecosystems under human‐altered selective pressures. Furthermore, we argue that ports act as giant mesocosms often isolated from the open sea by seawalls and locks and so provide replicated life‐size evolutionary experiments essential to support predictive evolutionary sciences.
Genotype–environment associations across spatial scales reveal the importance of putative adaptive genetic variation in divergence
Authors: Alvarado Allison H. , Bossu Christen M. , Harrigan Ryan J. , Bay Rachael A. , Nelson Allison R. P. , Smith Thomas B. , Ruegg Kristen C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIdentifying areas of high evolutionary potential is a judicious strategy for developing conservation priorities in the face of environmental change. For wide‐ranging species occupying heterogeneous environments, the evolutionary forces that shape distinct populations can vary spatially. Here, we investigate patterns of genomic variation and genotype–environment associations in the hermit thrush (Catharus guttatus), a North American songbird, at broad (across the breeding range) and narrow spatial scales (at a hybrid zone). We begin by building a genoscape or map of genetic variation across the breeding range and find five distinct genetic clusters within the species, with the greatest variation occurring in the western portion of the range. Genotype–environment association analyses indicate higher allelic turnover in the west than in the east, with measures of temperature surfacing as key predictors of putative adaptive genomic variation rangewide. Since broad patterns detected across a species' range represent the aggregate of many locally adapted populations, we investigate whether our broadscale analysis is consistent with a finer scale analysis. We find that top rangewide temperature‐associated loci vary in their clinal patterns (e.g., steep clines vs. fixed allele frequencies) across a hybrid zone in British Columbia, suggesting that the environmental predictors and the associated candidate loci identified in the rangewide analysis are of variable importance in this particular region. However, two candidate loci exhibit strong concordance with the temperature gradient in British Columbia, suggesting a potential role for temperature‐related barriers to gene flow and/or temperature‐driven ecological selection in maintaining putative local adaptation. This study demonstrates how patterns identified at the broad (macrogeographic) scale can be validated by investigating genotype–environment correlations at the local (microgeographic) scale. Furthermore, our results highlight the importance of considering the spatial distribution of putative adaptive variation when assessing population‐level sensitivity to climate change and other stressors.
The hopes of memorial remaking: Product, process, and the temporal rhythms of making
Authors: Holdsworth Clare 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe individual and social therapeutic benefits of spending time making have received both popular and academic endorsement. These testimonials often promote the sentiment that the benefits of making are experienced in the doing rather than what is made. In particular, making is recognised for providing alternative temporal experiences to the incessant pace of global capitalism. In this paper I unpick this bias towards the processes over the products of making in an autoethnographic study of memorial remaking. This practice involved making items for family members from my father's clothing in 2020/21 following his death at the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Inspired by William Morris's writing on the hopes of work, I reflect on the assumed value of process over product and reassess this binary with reference to time. In Morris's original formulation time is expressed through the hope of rest, which I suggest can be reworked into rhythm. Through re‐engaging with the hopes of making in my own practice of memorial remaking, I reflect how changing the temporal dimension from rest to rhythm is more in tune with a relational approach to creativity rather than confining making to responsibilities that are bounded by time and space. Memorial remaking provides a way of fabricating how memories, intimacies, emotions and responsibilities are interwoven into the experiences of grief, through making items that resonate with individuals in time and space. Thus, this paper also unpicks how experiences of grief consolidate normative codes of moving on and individual endeavour to craft one's journey through this process.
Influences of rare sugar D‐allulose on the fermentation ability of baker's yeast and the physical properties of bread
Authors: Sawettanun Saranta , Ogawa Masahiro 
Published: July 2022

SummaryThe rare sugar D‐allulose (Alu), which has only 10% calories of sucrose (Suc) and an anti‐obesity effect, was added to bread, and the effects of Alu on the fermentation ability and physical properties of baked bread were investigated. Alu, unlike its epimer D‐fructose and D‐glucose, was not metabolised by the baker's yeast and caused a decrease in the amount of CO2 generated through respiration. The expansion rate of the Alu‐added dough was lower than sugar‐free (control) and Suc‐added dough in primary fermentation, indicating that Alu partially inhibits dough fermentation. The addition of Alu did not affect the rheological properties of gluten; however, Alu‐bread had much higher hardness and gumminess than control and Suc‐bread. Therefore, the high hardness and gumminess were due to the low CO2 production rate of yeast. 94% of Alu added to bread remained in Alu‐bread after baking. Furthermore, Alu‐bread, when stored at room temperature, was lower in hardening rate than control and Suc‐bread. The present study reveals that the sole use of Alu as a sugar material is not preferable in terms of texture, but most Alu remains in bread without degradation and has an effect on preventing the bread from texture‐deteriorating during storage.
Stakeholder views on mindfulness for youth at risk for psychosis
Authors: Reich Daniel , Evans Subhadra , O’Shea Melissa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInterventions incorporating mindfulness for youth identified to be at risk for psychosis show promise for symptom management yet to be addressed by other approaches. Important questions remain as to how to safely and effectively implement these interventions with this cohort. The aim of this research was to collaboratively identify with stakeholders of such interventions, namely youth at risk for psychosis, and practitioners with experience working with youth at risk for psychosis – attitudes towards mindfulness and potential intervention adaptations to ensure the safety, uptake, and effectiveness of mindfulness interventions used with youth at risk for psychosis. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies were adopted. Eight practitioners and six at risk for psychosis individuals were interviewed. Both groups identified significant potential benefits of mindfulness, for stress and relaxation, managing difficult thoughts and emotions, increasing positive emotions, improving functioning, and patient empowerment within treatment participation. Stakeholders identified the helpfulness of including compassion‐based practices, emphasizing experiential and concrete material, shorter and guided exercises, the targeting of anxiety and attenuated psychotic symptomology, and making the goals or intent of practice youth relevant. Significant barriers were identified – poor functioning and low motivation, high self‐criticism, concurrent medication and substance use, and perceptions of mindfulness that may impact uptake (e.g. it requires relaxation to work). Formulation of and research into comprehensive clinical guidelines will help ensure the safe and effective use of future mindfulness and compassion‐based practices with at risk for psychosis individuals.
Solute concentration effects on microstructure and the compressive strength of ice‐templated sintered lithium titanate
Authors: Parai Rohan , Nie Ziyang , Hempley Raina , Koenig Gary M. , Ghosh Dipankar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis work investigated the role of sucrose and cationic dispersant (1‐hexadecyl)trimethylammonium bromide concentration on ice‐templated sintered lithium titanate microstructure and compressive strength, to enable a comprehensive understanding of composition selection and elucidate processing–microstructure–mechanical property relationships. Sucrose and dispersant concentrations were varied to change total solute concentration in suspensions and viscosity. Dispersant was more effective in reducing viscosity than sucrose; however, their combination had an even greater impact on reducing viscosity. Based on viscosity measurements, a total of 12 suspension compositions were developed, and materials were fabricated at two different freezing front velocity (FFV) regimes. Solute concentration greatly influenced ice‐templated microstructure and microstructure development improved with solute concentration. Depending on solute concentration, type of solute, viscosity, and FFV, a wide variety of microstructures were observed ranging from lamellar to dendritic morphologies. Solute concentration effect was rationalized based on solid–liquid planar interface instability. For suspensions with comparable viscosity, solute concentration can be varied to tune microstructure, whereas for suspensions with comparable solute concentration, viscosity variation can tune microstructure. Compressive strength of sintered materials generally increased with total solute concentration, sucrose concentration, viscosity, and FFV. Due to the wide variety of microstructure, strength also varied over a wide range, 23–128 MPa.