bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overview of Particle Deposition Models for Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage Systems
Authors: Suffield Sarah R. , Jensen Philip J. , Perkins William A. , Jensen Ben J. , Grant Christopher L. , Spitz Casey 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Deposition models were built to evaluate contaminant deposition on spent nuclear fuel (SNF) canisters. The primary contaminant of concern is chloride, which is dispersed in the atmosphere and then deposits onto the canisters. During dry storage, the primary degradation process is likely to be Chloride Induced Stress Corrosion Cracking (CISCC) at the heat-affected zones of the canister welds. It is known that stainless steel canisters are susceptible to CISCC; however, the rate of chloride deposition onto the canisters is poorly known, based on sparse field data from a small number of sites. The models presented in this study could be useful for determining the rate of deposition on the canisters and the likelihood of CISCC to help with SNF canister ageing management.
The deposition models were developed with the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code STAR-CCM+. Various deposition mechanisms were considered and incorporated into the models, and a sensitivity study was conducted to determine the most important mechanisms for deposition within a SNF storage system. The models included both a vertical and horizontal configuration storage system: NAC International’s Modular, Advanced Generation, Nuclear All-purpose STORage System (MAGNASTOR®) and a NUHOMS® horizontal storage module respectively. The resulting canister deposition on the horizontal canister is visually compared with inspection data taken onsite at the Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant. These models are preliminary, and development of the models will continue. Future validation exercises are currently being planned, including the Canister Deposition Field Demonstration (CDFD) effort funded by U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy Office of Spent Fuel and Waste Science and Technology. The goal of the modeling presented is to demonstrate a potential modeling technique that could be used to plan and inform SNF canister ageing management programs with predictive models for the timing and occurrence of canister CISCC.
Fretting Corrosion Behavior of 316L Stainless Steel Heat Exchanger Tube in NaCl Solution
Authors: Ma Xu , Zhang Shengzan , Tan Wei , Zhu Guorui 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The heat exchanger tube of pressurized water reactor (PWR) steam generator is the key component between primary circuit and secondary circuit. Due to the flow induced vibration (FIV) of the heat exchanger tube bundle, fretting corrosion will occur between the heat exchanger tubes and the supports. Under the synergism between wear and corrosion, it would be accelerated that the failure of heat exchanger tubes. Therefore, in this study, the self-designed fretting corrosion experimental equipment was used to conduct fretting corrosion experimental studies on 316L stainless steel, commonly used as steam generators tube in nuclear power plants, in sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions with different concentrations (mass fraction of 1%, 3.5% and 5%), respectively. The corrosion tendency and corrosion rate of the tube were analyzed by electrochemical technology. The fretting corrosion behaviors of 316L stainless steel in NaCl solution and the effects of ion concentration on fretting corrosion behaviors were studied, and the synergism between corrosion and wear was quantitatively analyzed. The surface of the wear scars were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and white light confocal three-dimensional profilometer. Combined with these test results, the damage mechanism of fretting corrosion was analyzed. The research results reflect the synergistic mechanism between wear and corrosion, but considering the difference between the experimental setting and the operating conditions of PWR steam generator, the experimental results can’t be directly used to predict the wear of heat exchanger tubes.
On the Elastoplastic Dynamic Response of Steel Belt Staggered Multi-Layer Cylindrical Shell Subjected to External Blast Loading
Authors: Liu Yuanqi , Du Yang , Zhang Zhaoteng , Zhou Fan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The steel belt staggered multi-layer cylindrical shell is the preferred structure for high-pressure hydrogen storage vessel in refueling stations. However, it could be threatened by external blast loads from accidental hydrogen leaks and explosions. In this paper, detailed numerical model is established to analyze the elastoplastic response of such multi-layer cylindrical shell subjected to external blast loads of different TNT equivalency weights. The thermo-viscoplastic constitutive model and fluid-structure coupling approach are incorporated in the modeling. The radial displacement/vibration histories and the effective strain responses of different layers were analyzed to demonstrate the potential deformation of the shell structure. Also, the maximum strain at different locations of the shell structure are discussed. The results will be helpful to evaluate the integrity of such multi-layer cylindrical structure that undertakes the risk of external hydrogen explosion.
Development of Predictive Evaluation Methods of Pipe Wall Thinning by Flow Accelerated Corrosion at Drift Region in Junction Piping
Authors: Watanabe Shun , Morita Ryo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Flow Accelerated Corrosion (FAC) is a pipe wall thinning phenomenon to be monitored and managed in the power plants with high priority. Its management has been conducted with conservative evaluation of thinning rate, and residual lifetime of piping based on wall thickness measurements. However, noticeable case of the wall thinning occurred in branch and junction piping (T-tube). There is a problem to manage the wall thickness beneath reinforcing plate of the T-tube, because measurement of this area is difficult to be conducted with ordinary ultrasonic testing devices due to the presence of the reinforcing plate. In this study, numerical analysis for the T-tube was conducted, and the wall thinning profile due to the FAC was evaluated by calculating the mass transfer coefficient. It was found that when the flows from the branch pipe and the main pipe merge or diverge, a localized wall thinning distribution occurs in the area where the reinforcement plate of the T-tube exists, and this tendency is affected by Reynolds number. It was suggested that the maximum amount of wall thinning in T-tube can be predicted by the flow rate ratio and the diameter ratio. In the future, we will confirm the effectiveness of the proposed decay function by comparing it with measurements taken in actual plants, and apply it to the management of wall thinning in actual plants.
Research on Standard Comparison of Hydrogen Cycling Test Method for On-Board Composite Hydrogen Storage Cylinders
Authors: Shi Jun , Cheng Biao , Li Jiepu , Sun Mingdao , Li Xin , Li Xiang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
As one of the key components of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles (HFCVs), on-board composite hydrogen storage cylinder has developed rapidly in recent years. Hydrogen cycling test is an important means to test the anti-fatigue, bottle mouth leakage, and anti-hydrogen permeability of the tank of the on-board hydrogen storage cylinder. Therefore, a series of technical specifications and standards of different countries have been issued to specify the performance indexes and evaluation methods of hydrogen cycling test of vehicle composite hydrogen storage cylinders. This paper compared and analyzed the differences of hydrogen cycling test methods of vehicle composite hydrogen storage cylinders in various standards from the aspects of test objects, upper and lower limits of circulating pressure, hydrogen charging rate, filling time, gas temperature, hydrogen decompression rate, cycle times and qualified indexes. It was discussed that the relationship between gas temperature in cylinder/hydrogen charging rate/filling time, decompression rate, and qualification criteria of leakage/penetration test at extreme temperature, and it was found that the gas temperature, hydrogen charging rate, and filling time specified in the standard could not provide enough guidance for the practical operation, the upper limit of hydrogen decompression rate was not clear, and the qualified index of leakage/penetration test under extreme temperature needs to be further studied. The results of this study can provide a reference for the hydrogen cycling in Chinese standards for vehicle composite hydrogen storage cylinders in China.
Metal Additive Manufacturing Simulation Using Sequentially Coupled Thermo-Mechanical Analysis
Authors: Nakai-Chapman Joshuah , Fietek Carter , Sakai James , Park Youngho 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) has become one of the most revolutionary technologies for the fabrication of metallic parts within the industry; notably, the use of existing metals has significantly eased the adoption of AM in manufacturing. The metal AM method can produce complex parts with effective cost. This process, however, involves rapid heating and solidification, resulting in a high thermal gradient. It causes undesired residual stress and distortion that significantly affects the final product’s integrity. This study investigates the features of a high thermal gradient, structural deformation, and residual stress involved in the powder bed fusion process in virtual environments. Powder bed fusion is an additive manufacturing method that uses a laser or electron beam to melt and fuse the metal material to form a three-dimensional part. A simulation model was developed using layer-to-layer scanning paths based on a 3D geometry in the 3DEXPERIENCE platform. Commercial finite element analysis (FEA) software, Abaqus CAE, is used for the sequentially coupled thermo-mechanical analysis. The temperature history is first calculated in an uncoupled thermal analysis and introduced as a predefined field in the subsequent structural analysis. In the sequentially coupled thermo-mechanical analysis, the thermal evolution of the problem affects the structural response, but the temperature field is not dependent on the stress field. Heat transfer in additive manufacturing is time-dependent, and temperature distribution in an additively manufactured part is non-uniform. Hence a time-dependent heat conduction problem is solved to analyze the process. After the thermal analysis is completed, the quasi-static equilibrium of stress is determined for each time step. An isotropic hardening rule was utilized to consider the evolution of plastic deformation.
Strategies for effective unmanned aerial vehicle use in geological field studies based on cognitive science principles
Authors: Bateman Kathryn M. , Williams Randolph T. , Shipley Thomas F. , Tikoff Basil , Pavlis Terry , Wilson Cristina G. , Cooke Michele L. , Fagereng Ake 
Published: November 2022

AbstractField geologists are increasingly using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs or drones), although their use involves significant cognitive challenges for which geologists are not well trained. On the basis of surveying the user community and documenting experts’ use in the field, we identified five major problems, most of which are aligned with well-documented limits on cognitive performance. First, the images being sent from the UAV portray the landscape from multiple different view directions. Second, even with a constant view direction, the ability to move the UAV or zoom the camera lens results in rapid changes in visual scale. Third, the images from the UAVs are displayed too quickly for users, even experts, to assimilate efficiently. Fourth, it is relatively easy to get lost when flying, particularly if the user is unfamiliar with the area or with UAV use. Fifth, physical limitations on flight time are a source of stress, which renders the operator less effective. Many of the strategies currently employed by field geologists, such as postprocessing and photogrammetry, can reduce these problems. We summarize the cognitive science basis for these issues and provide some new strategies that are designed to overcome these limitations and promote more effective UAV use in the field. The goal is to make UAV-based geological interpretations in the field possible by recognizing and reducing cognitive load.
Late Paleozoic cratonal sink: Distally sourced sediment filled the Anadarko Basin (USA) from multiple source regions
Authors: Kushner Baylee E. , Soreghan Gerilyn S. , Soreghan Michael J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Anadarko Basin (south-central USA) is the deepest basin on the North American craton and occupies a region largely surrounded by major, late Paleo-zoic plate-margin (Marathon-Ouachita-Appalachian) and intraplate (Ancestral Rocky Mountains) orogenic systems, albeit a distal arm of the latter. The Anadarko Basin hosts an exceptionally voluminous record of Pennsylvanian strata, and much of this fill has been attributed to erosion of the adjacent Wichita uplift—composed of granitic and rhyolitic rocks of Cambrian age—separated from the basin by a fault zone exhibiting 12 km of vertical separation. This work incorporates thin-section petrography (102 samples) and U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology of sandstone samples (12 samples) from core and outcrop of the Middle Pennsylvanian Red Fork Sandstone (and equivalents) as well as slightly younger Upper Pennsylvanian units (Tonkawa, Chelsea, and Gypsy sandstones) in order to interpret drainage pathways and evolution of those pathways toward and into the Anadarko Basin (Oklahoma) and evaluate the relative importance of the major provenance regions.Our petrographic analysis indicates sandstones with arkosic compositions are limited to the region immediately adjacent to (north of) the Wichita uplift. All remaining samples, which reflect the vast bulk of sediment in the depocenter, including sediment on the northern and eastern Anadarko shelf, are litharenites. Analysis of kernel density plots of the U-Pb ages of detrital zircons together with multidimensional scaling analysis of the Middle Pennsylvanian samples indicate three groups of similar provenance: (1) samples dominated by Cambrian ages from locations directly adjacent to the Wichita uplift; (2) samples dominated by Neoproterozoic ages from locations along the northern shelf of the Anadarko Basin; and (3) samples dominated by Mesoproterozoic ages from locations along the eastern Anadarko shelf and the basin center. These samples are spatially discrete, indicating partitioning of drainage networks during the Middle Pennsylvanian, with two continental-scale fluvial systems entering the Anadarko Basin from the north (transversely) and east (axially). The lack of Cambrian ages in the depocenter and (northern) shelf samples indicate that the Wichita uplift supplied only limited sediment to the basin; sediment derived from the uplift was trapped in fringing fans directly adjacent to the uplift. In contrast to the patterns exhibited by the Middle Pennsylvanian samples, Upper Pennsylvanian samples exhibit more uniform U-Pb ages across the basin. This indicates the relatively rapid evolution of the Appalachian-derived northerly and easterly drainages into an integrated system that flowed axially across the (overfilled) mid-continent basins to the ultimate continental sink in the Anadarko Basin.
Cretaceous sequence stratigraphy of the northern Baltimore Canyon Trough: Implications for basin evolution and carbon storage
Authors: Baldwin Kimberly E. , Miller Kenneth G. , Schmelz William J. , Mountain Gregory S. , Jordan Leslie M. , Browning James V. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe evaluate the Cretaceous stratigraphy and carbon sequestration potential of the northern Baltimore Canyon Trough (NBCT) using &gt;10,000 km of multi-channel seismic profiles integrated with geophysical logs, biostratigraphy, and lithology from 29 offshore wells. We identify and map six sequences resolved primarily at the stage level. Accommodation was dominated by thermal and non-thermal subsidence, though sequence boundaries correlate with regional and global sea-level changes, and the record is modified by igneous intrusion, active faulting, and changes in sediment supply and sources. Our stratigraphic maps illustrate a primary southern (central Appalachian) Early Cretaceous source that migrated northward during the Aptian and Albian. During the Cenomanian, sedimentation rates in the NBCT increased and depocenters shifted northward and landward. We show that deposition occurred in three phases: (1) earlier Cretaceous paleoenvironments were primarily terrestrial indicated by variable amplitude, chaotic seismic facies, serrated gamma logs, and heterolithic sandstones and mudstones with terrestrial microfossils; (2) the Albian to Cenomanian was dominated by deltaic paleoenvironments indicated by blocky, funnel-shaped, gamma-ray logs and clinoforms characterized by continuous high-amplitude seismic reflections with well-defined terminations; and (3) the Cenomanian and younger was marine shelf, inferred from mudstoneprone lithologies, peak gamma-ray values in well logs, and foraminiferal evidence. Long-term transgression and maximum water depths at the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary correlative with Ocean Anoxic Event 2 were followed by a regression and relative sea-level fall. We show that porous and permeable sandstones of three Aptian to Cenomanian highstand systems tracts are high-volume reservoirs for supercritical CO2 storage that are confined by overlying deep water mudstones.
Topographic development of a compressional mountain range, the western Transverse Ranges of California, USA, resulted from localized uplift along individual structures and regional uplift from deeper shortening
Authors: Onderdonk N. , Garcia A.F. , Kelty C. , Farris A. , Tyler E. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The western Transverse Ranges are a tectonically active mountain belt in southern California (USA) characterized by fast rates of shortening and rock uplift. Large drainages at the western end of this mountain belt, including the Santa Ynez River and its tributaries, transect regional west–northwest-striking reverse faults and folds. We used fluvial strath terraces within the Santa Ynez River watershed as geomorphic markers for measuring Quaternary rock uplift and deformation across these structures. Mapping, surveying, and numerical dating of these strath terraces in both hanging-wall and footwall blocks of the major reverse faults allow us to separate regional uplift from localized uplift along individual structures.
Luminescence dates from 18 sites within the Santa Ynez River watershed show that the three prominent terrace levels present throughout the area formed between ca. 85 ka and 95 ka, 55 ka and 75 ka, and 30 ka and 45 ka. All three fluvial terrace straths grade into marine paleo-shore platforms along the coast that formed during sea-level highstands. The fluvial straths were formed as a result of lateral erosion during warm, dry climate intervals when vertical incision was temporarily arrested. Incision of the terraces followed during intervening periods of wet climate.
Mapping and valley-long profiles of the terraces document deformation by faults and folds, and we infer minimum rock-uplift rates from the amount of incision below the terrace strath surfaces. Rock-uplift rates range from 0.3 mm/yr to 4.9 mm/yr, with faster rates in the hanging-wall blocks of the major reverse faults and slower rates in the footwall blocks. Rock-uplift rates calculated from strath terraces in the footwall blocks range from 0.3 mm/yr to 1.6 mm/yr, which indicates a regional component of uplift that results from deeper deformation. Higher rates of rock uplift in the hanging-wall blocks (0.5–4.9 mm/yr) are superposed on this regional component. Incremental rock-uplift rates calculated over three time intervals and differences in terrace deformation with age suggest that deformation rates across some structures have decreased over the past 85 k.y.
We conclude that topographic growth of the western Transverse Ranges results from a combination of localized uplift along individual structures that varies both spatially and temporally and a more constant regional uplift that likely results from deeper ductile deformation or slip along detachment faults that have been inferred to underlie the area.
Foreland basin response to middle Cretaceous thrust belt evolution, southwestern Montana, USA
Authors: Gardner Cole T. , Finzel Emily S. , Rosenblume Justin A. , Pearson David M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe middle Cretaceous Blackleaf Formation records the first major transgressionregression of the Western Interior Seaway into the southwestern Montana retroforeland basin. Although Blackleaf sedimentology is well documented, sediment provenance and potential linkages with regional tectonics are not. Recent characterization of hinterland tectonics, fold-thrust belt detrital zircon signatures, and advances in high-n detrital zircon analysis allow for significant provenance refinement. We present new detrital zircon ages (n = 5468) from ten samples from the upper Blackleaf Formation (Intervals C and D) in southwestern Montana. Based on maximum depositional ages, sedimentation spanned from 106 to 92 Ma. Jurassic and Cretaceous grains were primarily derived from the older portion of the Cordilleran magmatic arc in western Idaho. Triassic and older grains were recycled from older central Idaho sedimentary strata inboard of the arc. Three depositional stages are identified based on statistical modeling of detrital age distributions. Stage 1 (106–104 Ma) records sourcing from lower Paleozoic strata in central Idaho. Stage 2 (105–101 Ma) records initial unroofing of upper Paleozoic–Triassic strata via propagation of the fold-thrust belt into eastern Idaho, accommodating shortening of Mississippian and younger rocks above the Lemhi Arch. Stage 3 (102–100 Ma) records continued unroofing in central Idaho down to Cambrian stratigraphic levels and distal mixing of sources in the eastern part of the basin. Exhumation in the fold-thrust belt beginning at ca. 105 Ma is coincident with marginwide fault slip-rate increases. We infer that increased sedimentation rates and lowmagnitude flexural loading from shallow thrusting in eastern Idaho drove clastic wedge progradation across the basin.