bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Interaction Study of Binary Liquid Solution Using
Ultrasonic Technique
Authors: Panda Subhraraj 
Published: July 2022

Aim:
The major goal of this fascinating study was to determine the molecular interaction of the polymer dextran with urea in an aqueous media using a more straightforward technique.

Background:
Many physical approaches play important roles in identifying the molecular structure and molecular characteristics of various solutions. In recent years, advances in ultrasonic methods have become a potent tool for assessing information regarding the physical and chemical behaviour of liquid molecules.

Objective:
The acoustical parameters like “free volume, internal pressure, absorption coefficient, Rao’s constant, and Wada’s” constantare evaluated from the measured data. The significance gives subjective information on the type and quality of solute-solvent particle interactions in liquid solutions.

Methods:
Specific gravity bottles, Ostwald's viscometer, and multifrequency ultrasonic interferometer were used to determine density (ρ), viscosity (η), and ultrasonic speed (U) in binary systems of biopolymer dextran with urea at 313 K.

Results:
With thorough examination of the results, A careful study of the findings revealed the link between the solute and the solvent.. In the light of solute-solvent and solute-solute interactions, the fluctuation of these parameters with a change in dextran concentration and frequency has been examined.

Conclusion:
The thermo-acoustic value indicates that there is an atomic interaction in the solution. In the current systems, extremely weak molecular interactions such as solute-solvent, solute-solute, etc. are commonly seen. . The force and type of contact are largely determined by the structure.

Others:
Ultrasonic velocity measurements have proved useful in determining the nature of molecular interaction in pure liquids and binary solutions.
Exploring Users’ Experiences With a Quick-Response Chatbot Within a Popular Smoking Cessation Smartphone App: Semistructured Interview Study
Authors: Alphonse Alice , Stewart Kezia , Brown Jamie , Perski Olga 
Published: July 2022

Background
Engagement with smartphone apps for smoking cessation tends to be low. Chatbots (ie, software that enables conversations with users) offer a promising means of increasing engagement.

Objective
We aimed to explore smokers’ experiences with a quick-response chatbot (Quit Coach) implemented within a popular smoking cessation app and identify factors that influence users’ engagement with Quit Coach.

Methods
In-depth, one-to-one, semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted with adult, past-year smokers who had voluntarily used Quit Coach in a recent smoking cessation attempt (5/14, 36%) and current smokers who agreed to download and use Quit Coach for a minimum of 2 weeks to support a new cessation attempt (9/14, 64%). Verbal reports were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed within a constructivist theoretical framework using inductive thematic analysis.

Results
A total of 3 high-order themes were generated to capture users’ experiences and engagement with Quit Coach: anthropomorphism of and accountability to Quit Coach (ie, users ascribing human-like characteristics and thoughts to the chatbot, which helped foster a sense of accountability to it), Quit Coach’s interaction style and format (eg, positive and motivational tone of voice and quick and easy-to-complete check-ins), and users’ perceived need for support (ie, chatbot engagement was motivated by seeking distraction from cravings or support to maintain motivation to stay quit).

Conclusions
Anthropomorphism of a quick-response chatbot implemented within a popular smoking cessation app appeared to be enabled by its interaction style and format and users’ perceived need for support, which may have given rise to feelings of accountability and increased engagement.
Monitoring Physical Behavior in Rehabilitation Using a Machine Learning–Based Algorithm for Thigh-Mounted Accelerometers: Development and Validation Study
Authors: Skovbjerg Frederik , Honoré Helene , Mechlenburg Inger , Lipperts Matthijs , Gade Rikke , Næss-Schmidt Erhard Trillingsgaard 
Published: July 2022

Background
Physical activity is emerging as an outcome measure. Accelerometers have become an important tool in monitoring physical behavior, and newer analytical approaches of recognition methods increase the degree of details. Many studies have achieved high performance in the classification of physical behaviors through the use of multiple wearable sensors; however, multiple wearables can be impractical and lower compliance.

Objective
The aim of this study was to develop and validate an algorithm for classifying several daily physical behaviors using a single thigh-mounted accelerometer and a supervised machine-learning scheme.

Methods
We collected training data by adding the behavior classes—running, cycling, stair climbing, wheelchair ambulation, and vehicle driving—to an existing algorithm with the classes of sitting, lying, standing, walking, and transitioning. After combining the training data, we used a random forest learning scheme for model development. We validated the algorithm through a simulated free-living procedure using chest-mounted cameras for establishing the ground truth. Furthermore, we adjusted our algorithm and compared the performance with an existing algorithm based on vector thresholds.

Results
We developed an algorithm to classify 11 physical behaviors relevant for rehabilitation. In the simulated free-living validation, the performance of the algorithm decreased to 57% as an average for the 11 classes (F-measure). After merging classes into sedentary behavior, standing, walking, running, and cycling, the result revealed high performance in comparison to both the ground truth and the existing algorithm.

Conclusions
Using a single thigh-mounted accelerometer, we obtained high classification levels within specific behaviors. The behaviors classified with high levels of performance mostly occur in populations with higher levels of functioning. Further development should aim at describing behaviors within populations with lower levels of functioning.
Health Disparities in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) in the United States
Authors: McGill Rita L. , Saunders Milda R. , Hayward Alexandra L. , Chapman Arlene B. 
Published: July 2022

Background and objectives
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) occurs at conception and is often diagnosed decades prior to kidney failure. Nephrology care and transplantation access should be independent of race and ethnicity. However, institutional racism and barriers to health care may affect patient outcomes in ADPKD. We sought to ascertain the effect of health disparities on outcomes in ADPKD by examining age at onset of kidney failure and access to preemptive transplantation and transplantation after dialysis initiation.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Retrospective cohort analyses of adults with ADPKD in the United States Renal Data System from January 2000 to June 2018 were merged to US Census income data and evaluated by self-reported race and ethnicity. Age at kidney failure was analyzed in a linear model, and transplant rates before and after dialysis initiation were analyzed in logistic and proportional hazards models in Black and Hispanic patients with ADPKD compared with White patients with ADPKD.

Results
A total of 41,485 patients with ADPKD were followed for a median of 25 (interquartile range, 5–54) months. Mean age was 56±12 years; 46% were women, 13% were Black, and 10% were Hispanic. Mean ages at kidney failure were 55±13, 53±12, and 57±12 years for Black patients, Hispanic patients, and White patients, respectively. Odds ratios for preemptive transplant were 0.33 (95% confidence interval, 0.29 to 0.38) for Black patients and 0.50 (95% confidence interval, 0.44 to 0.56) for Hispanic patients compared with White patients. Transplant after dialysis initiation was 0.61 (95% confidence interval, 0.58 to 0.64) for Black patients and 0.78 (95% confidence interval, 0.74 to 0.83) for Hispanic patients.

Conclusions
Black and Hispanic patients with ADPKD reach kidney failure earlier and are less likely to receive a kidney transplant preemptively and after initiating dialysis compared with White patients with ADPKD.
PELATIHAN DAN PENDAMPINGAN PENYUSUNAN SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI DAN PELAPORAN KEUANGAN BERBASIS EXCEL PADA BUMDES MANDIRI “MULYOAGUNG”
Authors: Setyawan Setu , Juanda Ahmad , Syam Dhaniel 
Published: July 2022

BUMDes Mandiri Mulyoagung merupakan badan usaha yang dibentuk oleh Desa Mulyoagung kec, Dau Kab. Malang, yand didirikan pada tahun 2019 berdasarkan musyawarah Badan Perwakilan Desa (BPD), RW dan Kepala Desa, pembentukan didasarkan aktivitas usaha warga pasar Desa yang menempati tanah desa dan transaksi pembayaran jasa lainnya. Pengabdian ini difokuskan pada pelatihan dan pendampingan penyusunan sistem pecatatan dan pelaporan keuangan yang berbasis Excel for accounting dengan menghasilkan model sistem informasi pelaporan keuangan. Pelaksanaan pelatihan dan pendampingan menggunakan model-RAD (Rapid Application Development) yaitu metode yang melibatkan pengguna didalam penyusunan model (prototype), perbaikan sampai model siap untuk di gunakan Sasaran mitra sebanyak 4 orang yaitu ketua BUMdes, Bendahara dan 2 orang bagia operasional. Dari hasil pelatihan dan pendampingan kepada pengurus BUMdes mulyoagung sangat berhasil dengan melihat hasil post-test rata rata nilai 60 setelah diadakan pelatihan dan pendampingan selama 6 bulan, nilai pas test mencapai rata 80. Selanjuntya model atau sistem pencatatan dan pelaporan Excel for accounting yang dijalankan dilakukan penyempunaan dengan sesuai dengan kebutuhan
MANAJEMEN PEMBENTUKAN KEPRIBADIAN MUSLIM PANTI ASUHAN PUTRI AISYIYAH DI KOTA MALANG
Authors: Juliati Ratih , Boedirochminarni Arfida , Sudiyono Widhiyo 
Published: July 2022

Panti Asuhan Aisyiyah di Kota Malang adalah salah satu bagian dari masyarakat yang rentan mengalami kerusakan moral karena sebagian besar santrinya masih dalam usia 6 – 18 tahun yang tingkat kedewasaannya belum matang dan adanya paparan informasi baik positif maupun negatif melalui ponsel yang mereka gunakan. Mereka sangat membutuhkan uluran tangan karena kendala terbatasnya perhatian dan bimbingan dari orang tua maupun wali dari santri. Oleh karena itu pengabdi bertujuan untuk mengadakan Pelatihan Manajemen Pembentukan Kepribadian Muslim adalah untuk membentuk kepribadian para santri di Panti Asuhan Aisyiyah di Kota Malang untuk menjaga kepribadian para santri agar sesuai dengan aqidah dan nilai-nilai yang diajarkan dalam Islam. Pelatihan Majemen Pembentukan Kepribadian Muslim ini menggunakan pendekatan interdisipliner, antara lain dari aspek jasmani, kejiwaan dan kerohanian. Manfaat dari penelitian ini menyentuh tiga aspek penting dalam pembentuk kepribadian muslim, yaitu aspek kejasmanian, aspek kejiwaan, dan aspek kerohanian yang luhur dengan tenaga utamanya adalah budi pekerti yang baik. Pada aspek kejasmanian; pelatihan ini bermanfaat membentuk kepribadian muslim melalui organ-organ anak dengan pembiasaan senam pagi dan pembiasaan sikap tubuh yang baik. Pada aspek kejiwaan, pelatihan ini bermanfaat untuk meningkatkan kemampuan santri dalam mengenali lebih dalam diri mereka sendiri agar mereka dapat mengelola diri mereka lebih baik lagi. Sementara pada aspek kerohanian, pelatihan ini bermanfaat menanamkan pembiasaan sholat dan istirahat tepat waktu dan pembiasaan komunikasi kepada Allah swt melalui doa. Luaran dari pelatihan ini adalah hasil analisis kepribadian masing – masing peserta pelatihan, rekomendasi jadwal harian untuk santri dan publikasi jurnal pengabdian.
Cooperation between Russia and Kazakhstan as a Vector of Eurasian Integration
Authors: Davydova Yu. A. , Kargapolova E. V. 
Published: July 2022

The study analyzes the areas of cooperation between Russia and Kazakhstan within the framework of Eurasian integration.Aim.To identify the presence of factors contributing to the strengthening of relations between Russia and Kazakhstan at the present stage and obstacles hindering the deepening of integration processes.Tasks.To analyze the current state of cooperation between the two countries within the framework of the Eurasian Union, to identify obstacles to deepening integration processes, to show forecast scenarios of interaction between Russia and Kazakhstan. To analyze how these scenarios will affect the relationship between the two countries, and what consequences will be if each of them is implemented.Methods.The article uses general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, a systematic approach, as well as an empirical method of expert evaluation.Results.The study showed that there are strong relations between the two countries in the economic sphere within the framework of the EAEU. Russia is the main trading partner of Kazakhstan. Projects related to the Caspian Sea are being developed and look very promising. Joint military exercises and supplies of Russian weapons are of great interest to Kazakhstan. Russia acts as a guarantor of Kazakhstan’s security in the region and its main partner in the Eurasian space. The Collective Security Treaty Organization also plays an important role in the relations between the two countries, which proved its effectiveness in the January 2022 events, contributing to the resolution of the political crisis and preventing extremist actions of armed terrorist groups. At the same time, the role of Kazakhstan as its closest neighbor and ally is also important for Russia, especially in the context of escalating international tensions.Conclusions.Both Russia and Kazakhstan are interested in further cooperation in the economic, military and cultural spheres. At the same time, the further deepening of integration processes is hindered by the absence of large joint investment projects and the multi-vector nature of Kazakhstan’s foreign policy. In the context of the information war of the West against Russia and the increasing international tension, it is extremely important to deepen cooperation between the two countries.
Politicization, Foreign Policy and Nuclear Diplomacy
Authors: Guimarães Victoria Viana Souza , Silva Lucas Peixoto Pinheiro da 
Published: July 2022

According to the current literature, since the redemocratization, Brazilian foreign policy has been marked by a process of politicization. This article’s main objective is to verify the relation between administrative shifts and Brazilian nuclear diplomacy. Accordingly, the question dealt with in the article is: since Brazil joined the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), have administration variations interfered with the formulation ofBrazilian nuclear diplomacy? This article argues that Brazilian nuclear diplomacy has been an exception to this trend. No matter how innovative some administrations have been in foreign policy, nuclear diplomacy has been insulated from governmental changes, havingconsolidated a coherent and stable rhetoric internationally. The research was carried out by analyzing the Brazilian rhetoric between 1998 and 2019 in the NPT Review Conferences and Preparatory Committees, vis-à-vis different administrations, through the method of substantive content analysis. The result was the verification that the majority of the rhetorical issues used were present in all studied administrations, indicating the absence of correlation between administration shifts and the Brazilian stance in the Global Nonproliferation Regime.
Withholding Taxes, Compliance Cost, and Foreign Portfolio Investment
Authors: Jacob Martin , Todtenhaupt Maximilian 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
We examine the effect of compliance frictions in reclaiming foreign withholding tax overpayments on foreign portfolio investment (FPI) using data on bilateral FPI around the globe and U.S. institutional investors’ foreign holdings. Exploiting variation in withholding tax overpayments for 36 investor countries and 110 issuer countries, we find that withholding tax overpayments adversely affect FPI because of the high compliance costs to international investors in claiming foreign tax credits. Cross-sectional tests further show that the adverse effect of withholding tax overpayments on FPI is reduced when compliance costs in claiming these overpayments from foreign countries are lower. Our results indicate that eliminating most of the compliance costs in the reclaim process by implementing a relief at the source mechanism could increase FPI by about 7.6 percent.
JEL Classifications: D25; G11; G25; H20; H24.
PENERAPAN STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN MIND MAPPING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK PADA MATA PELAJARAN FIQIH KELAS VIII A MTs NURUL ISLAM AIR BAKOMAN KABUPATEN TANGGAMUS
Authors: HASANAH USWATUN 
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini dalah penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) atau Classrom Action Research. Dimana objek yang diteliti hanya berpusat pada proses pembelajaran, adapun subjek penelitin ini adalah 1 guru fiqih dan 33 peserta didik kelas VIII A MTs Nurul Islam. Dalam kegiatan pembelajaran dilakukan dalam dua siklus untuk empat kali pertemuan, dalam msing-masing siklus dilakukan tes, evaluasi guna mengamati tingkat pemahaman peserta didik dan haisl belajar yang dicapai.Adapun teknik pengumpulan datanya meliputi observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi serta tes.Hasil penelitian menujukan pada pertemuan pertama siklus I didapatkan peserta didik masih lambat dan cenderung bertanya kepada guru ketika menemui kesulitan dalam membuat Mind Mapping. Interaksi antara anggota sesama kelompoknya terjalin sangat kompak di buktikan dengan pembelajaran Pra tindakan siklus perta mencapai peningkatan hasil belajar 61% hanya 6 orang dari 33 peserat didik yang sudah mencapai KKM. Pada siklus II mengalami peningkatan dibandingkan pada kegiatan pembelajaran sebelumnya. Pengelolaan waktu diskusi kelompok dan persentasi cukup efektif, kerjasama yang terjalin antara anggota kelompok sudah tampak lebih baik. Hal ini dapat dibuktikan dengan hasil belajar yang diperoleh pada siklus 2 mencapai 88%. Berdasarkan hasil pertemuan pada siklus 1 dan siklus 2 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa “ Strategi pembelajaran Mind Mapping dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik pada mata pembelajaran Fiqih kelas VIII A MTs Nurul Islam Air Bakoman Kabupaten Tanggamus”. Hal ini terbukti dengan ketuntasan hasil belajar yang dicapai oleh peserta didik pada siklus 1 yaitu sebanyak 61% sedangkan pada siklus 2 jumlah peserta didik yang tuntas makin meningkat yaitu mencapai 88%. Kata Kunci: Strategi Mind Mapping, fiqh, penelitian tindakan
PEMBUKTIAN KEJAHATAN SEXUAL SECARA ABNORMAL (HOMOSEKSUAL) MELALUI PERAN ILMU KEDOKTERAN FORENSIK
Authors: Mierkhahani Rexy , Ricardo James Alexsandro , Putri Izzati Rahmatina 
Published: July 2022

Sexual disorder behaviour is growing day by day in our society. This behaviour conflicts with religion and socio-cultural values. One of the behaviour is related to sexual intercourse, which is consisted of two categories, legal and illegal. Illegal sexual intercourse, homosexual intercourse (gay and lesbian) in particular, needs knowledge among many disciplinaries. Forensic is necessary in order to enforce the law regarding sexual violence. By using forensics, we are able to medically examine the victim and obtain the information on how the crime happened. The result of the examination will be recorded as visum et repertum which becomes one of the evidence during trial.
This research is conducted to find the sexual disorder behaviour in homosexual intercourse using forensics. The method of the research is juridical normative research discussed with law theories in accordance to the law regulations. This research aims to prove the disorder on sexual orientation by using forensics, which is by using either VeR or the experts testimony to solve sexual violence crimes.
PENGEMBANGAN PELAYANAN PENDIDIKAN DAN PEMENUHAN HAK PENDIDIKAN TERHADAP ANAK BERKEBUTUHAN KHUSUS
Authors: Trisno Nicholas Billy , Putra Setiawan Carlson , Keane Felix Fernando 
Published: July 2022

Based on data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) in 2017, there were 1.6 million children with special needs in Indonesia. From 1.6 million children with special needs, the Ministry of Education and Culture (Kemendikbud) estimates that there are seventy percent or more than one million children with special needs who have not received proper education in accordance with their rights. Meanwhile, only eighteen percent from thirty percent of children with special needs have received special education for children with special needs. Article 31 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (UUD 1945) regulates that every citizen has the right to receive education, children with special needs are included in regulated "citizen". In addition, according to Article 5 paragraph 2 of Law Number 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System, it is clear that every citizen who has a special disability has the right to obtain special education. The main problem from the data above is lack of attention and the quality of education for children with special needs. Implementation based on the laws and regulations that apply to children with special needs is expected to improve services and quality of special education.
Keywords: Children With Special Needs, Children’s Rights Education, Children