bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caregiver Burden in Head and Neck Cancer Dysphagia Cases
Authors: Nund Rebecca L. , Brown Bena 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
The medical complications and psychosocial impacts of dysphagia on people with head and neck cancer (HNC) are well recognized in research and clinical practice. Improved survival rates and the shift to outpatient care have resulted in an increasing demand for family members to take on a caregiving role in the home. Caregivers must perform a variety of tasks on a daily basis in support of people with dysphagia, which they may not feel adequately prepared to take on. The purpose of this article is to describe the current literature regarding identifying caregivers of people with dysphagia in HNC and explore the research to date on providing support to caregivers of people with dysphagia in HNC.

Conclusions:
Despite the recognized importance, there are a limited number of instruments available to accurately identify and measure the impact of dysphagia in HNC on caregivers. Further to this, there are currently no interventions that have specifically been developed to support caregivers of people with dysphagia in HNC. In the absence of evidence-based interventions, clinicians can draw on the principles of patient- and family-centered care in order to better meet the needs of people with dysphagia and their caregivers.
Asynchronous mode‐dependent sampled‐data control of non‐homogeneous Markovian jump linear systems via an improved looped‐functional approach
Authors: Nguyen Khanh Hieu , Park PooGyeon , Kim Sung Hyun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the asynchronous mode‐dependent sampled‐data control synthesis for non‐homogeneous Markovian jump systems subject to generalised transition rates and bounded conditional probabilities. To increase the reality in system modelling, the asynchronous phenomenon between plant mode and sampled plant mode (i.e. control mode) is explored along with the non‐homogeneous nature of the Markov process, and the time variability of the conditional probabilities indicating the degree of the asynchronous phenomenon is imposed on the stabilisation process. Moreover, to achieve less conservative results, a reinforced looped‐functional is established by introducing two novel time‐integrated states, so that more detailed state information can be utilised during the stabilisation process, and an effective relaxation technique is proposed so that the zero‐sum and boundary constraints of multiple time‐varying parameters can be sufficiently utilised when transforming the parameterised stabilisation conditions into linear matrix inequalities.
A framework of system integration and integration value analysis: Concept and case studies
Authors: Jia Hongjie , Wang Huiyuan , Cao Yan , Mu Yunfei , Xu Xiandong , Yu Xiaodan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn modern society, system integration that enables multiple subsystems to function as one is emerging in various fields like industry, commerce, and infrastructure. Although it has been proved that integration value could be tapped to the maximum with controllable cost by optimising the integration schemes in certain fields, there is still a lack of a general method for modelling and analysing the process of system integration. To address this need, this paper proposes an analysis framework of system integration. The concepts of integration object, integration strategy, integration time, integration cost and integration value are introduced to describe the integration process. Further, three optimisation models of the local optimisation (OPT1), phase optimisation (OPT2) and integration optimisation (OPT3) are constructed. The proposed framework can also supervise and compare the performance of intermediate processes of different integration schemes. Two case studies in the commerce and energy fields are analysed to illustrate the function of the proposed framework.
Fäkaler Mikrobiota Transfer (FMT) bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
– Review und Stellungnahme der GPGE AG Mikrobiom
Authors: Joachim Alexander , Schwerd Tobias , Hölz Hannes , Sokollik Christiane , Konrad Lukas Alfons , Jordan Alexander , Lanzersdorfer Roland , Schmidt-Choudhury Anjona , Hünseler Christoph , Adam Rüdiger 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDas menschliche Mikrobiom und im speziellen die gastrointestinale Mikrobiota sind mit Gesundheit und Krankheit assoziiert. Eine Störung ihrer Zusammensetzung oder Funktion (Dysbiose) spielen eine Rolle bei der Entstehung von kindergastroenterologischen Krankheitsbildern. Der fäkale Mikrobiota-Transfer (FMT) ist eine spezielle Intervention, bei der intestinale Mikrobiota eines gesunden Spenders transferiert werden.In diesem Review beschreiben wir die aktuelle Studienlage bezüglich FMT bei pädiatrischen Patient*innen. Für rezidivierende C. difficile-Infektionen bestehen eine gute Datenlage und Empfehlungen der entsprechenden Fachgesellschaften. Bei der Behandlung von chronisch-entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen (CED) mittels FMT liegen erste Daten vor, die auf eine Reduktion der Krankheitsschwere hindeuten.Nebenwirkungen traten in Studien häufig auf, zeigten sich aber meist milde und transient. Zu in der Pädiatrie besonders bedeutsamen langfristigen Nebenwirkungen eines FMT existieren kaum Daten.Bei der praktischen Durchführung besteht große Unklarheit, welche Modalitäten und Applikationsrouten angewendet werden sollten. Rechtlich gilt Spenderstuhl im deutschsprachigen Raum als Arzneimittel, für das keine Zulassung vorliegt.Insgesamt sind die Erkenntnisse zu den physiologischen Zusammenhängen, Wirkungen und Nebenwirkungen noch unzureichend und rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen erschweren die Durchführung. Weitere klinische Studien auf dem Gebiet sind zwingend notwendig.
New method for real-time visualization and quantitative characterization of early colorectal cancer in endoscopy: a pilot study
Authors: Wagner Andrej , Zandanell Stephan , Ziachehabi Alexander , Mitrakov Alexander , Klieser Eckhard , Neureiter Daniel , Kiesslich Tobias , Mayr Christian , Berr Frieder , Fedoruk Michael , Singhartinger Franz , Holzinger Josef 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic optical diagnosis is crucial to the therapeutic strategy for early gastrointestinal cancer. It accurately (> 85 %) predicts pT category based on microsurface (SP) and vascular patterns (VP). However, interobserver variability is a major problem. We have visualized and digitalized the graded irregularities based on bioinformatically enhanced quantitative endoscopic image analysis (BEE) of high-definition white-light images.
Methods In a pilot study of 26 large colorectal lesions (LCLs, mean diameter 39 mm), we retrospectively compared BEE variables with corresponding histopathology of the resected LCLs.
Results We included 10 adenomas with low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN), nine with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN) and early adenocarcinoma (EAC), and seven deeply submucosal invasive carcinomas. Quantified density (d) and nonuniformity (CU) of vascular and surface structures correlated with histology (rs d VP: –0.77, rs CU VP: 0.13, rs d SP: –0.76, and rs CU SP: 0.45, respectively). A computed BEE score showed a sensitivity and specificity of 90 % and 100 % in the group with LGINs, 89 % and 41 % in the group with HGINs and EACs, and 100 % and 95 % in the group with deeply invasive carcinoma, respectively.
Conclusions In this pilot study, BEE showed promise as a tool for endoscopic characterization of LCLs during routine endoscopy. Prospective clinical studies are needed.
M. R. Kukrit Pramoj’s theory of good governance and political change: the dialectics of Farang Sakdina
Authors: Waters Tony 
Published: May 2022

AbstractM. R. Kukrit Pramoj wrote Farang Sakdina in 1957–1958 as both a theoretical critique of western development planners, and the Marxist critics of Thai society like Jit Phoumisak. Kukrit’s critique was that both used only European examples to prescribe development policies for Thailand. By this he meant that the Americans insisted on modernization theory, and Soviet theoreticians insisted on Marx’s historical materialism. Kukrit responded that data developed from Europe is not applicable to Thailand because European feudalism had different attitudes toward land and labor than the ancient Thai “feudalism” known as sakdina. A textual analysis of Kukrit’s book Farang Sakdina reveals Kukrit proposes a dialectical theory of historical change in which the “contradictions” within society are continually resolved and reconstituted. Kukrit uses this data to analyze politics and kingship in England, Thailand, and implicitly, other countries.
Image shift correction, noise analysis, and model fitting of (cathodo-)luminescence hyperspectral maps
Authors: Tappy Nicolas , Fontcuberta i Morral Anna , Monachon Christian 
Published: May 2022

Hyperspectral imaging is an important asset of modern spectroscopy. It allows us to perform optical metrology at a high spatial resolution, for example in cathodoluminescence in scanning electron microscopy. However, hyperspectral datasets present added challenges in their analysis compared to individually taken spectra due to their lower signal to noise ratio and specific aberrations. On the other hand, the large volume of information in a hyperspectral dataset allows the application of advanced statistical analysis methods derived from machine-learning. In this article, we present a methodology to perform model fitting on hyperspectral maps, leveraging principal component analysis to perform a thorough noise analysis of the dataset. We explain how to correct the imaging shift artifact, specific to imaging spectroscopy, by directly evaluating it from the data. The impact of goodness-of-fit-indicators and parameter uncertainties is discussed. We provide indications on how to apply this technique to a variety of hyperspectral datasets acquired using other experimental techniques. As a practical example, we provide an implementation of this analysis using the open-source Python library hyperspy, which is implemented using the well established Jupyter Notebook framework in the scientific community.
10-nanosecond dead time and low afterpulsing with a free-running reach-through single-photon avalanche diode
Authors: Farina S. , Labanca I. , Acconcia G. , Ghioni M. , Rech I. 
Published: May 2022

The reduction of detector dead time represents an enabling factor in several photon counting applications. In this work, we investigate the free-running operation of reach-through single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) at ultra-low dead times. By employing a fast active quenching circuit with direct bonding to the detector, we are able to achieve a 10 ns dead time with a thick SPAD by Excelitas, still maintaining extremely low afterpulsing probabilities (below 1.5%).
DFT investigations of KTiOPO4Mx (M = K, Na, and Li) anodes for alkali-ion battery
Authors: Huang Jiajia , Cai Xu , Li Yanli , Fang Zhongpu , Li Yi , Lin Wei , Huang Shuping , Zhang Yongfan 
Published: May 2022

The properties of KTiOPO4Mx (M = K, Na, and Li; x = 0.000–1.000) as an anode for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs), sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are investigated by density functional theory calculations. Our work reveals that the electrochemical performance of KTiOPO4 as an anode for PIBs is superior to that for SIBs and LIBs, in terms of average voltage and ion diffusion kinetics. The ab initio molecular dynamics simulations indicate that the KTiOPO4Mx anode exhibits high structural stability, and alkali ion intercalation contributes to accelerating ion diffusion during the charging process. Particularly, the low activation energy of 0.406 eV of K migration on surface KTP(210), obtained by the climbing-image nudged elastic band method, suggests a high-rate capability. The systematical comparison of the performance of KTiOPO4 as an anode for PIBs, SIBs, and LIBs on the theoretical perspective clarifies that a large channel is not always promising for small radius ion intercalation and diffusion.
The pattern of breeding and management within the New Zealand Thoroughbred breeding industry 2005–2015. (II) The mare population
Authors: Chin Y. Y. , Rogers C. W. , Gee E. K. , Stafford K. J. , Cameron E. Z. 
Published: May 2022

Context The New Zealand Thoroughbred breeding industry is heavily focused on producing horses for the export market and there has been a reduction in the number of horses racing in the past 20 years. The impact of these production constraints, and changes in production focus, have not been described at a national herd level. Aim To describe the breeding management, reproductive performance, and careers of the New Zealand Thoroughbred broodmare herd during the 2005/06–2015/16 breeding seasons. Methods The demographics, population structure, reproductive efficiency, breeding management and career descriptors of Thoroughbred mares were examined using descriptive analysis. Gestation length was modelled using a linear mixed effects model. The impact of different variables on breeding career were quantified by calculating odds ratio. Results There was a consistent reduction in the size of the national broodmare herd over the 10 years investigated. Half of the mares not retained for breeding were mares that were breed to low-cost stallions. Despite a short (∼100 days) commercial breeding season few (20%) mares were mated early in the season (September), with most mating (70%) occurring between October and November. The 27 days mean foaling to conception interval (FCI) suggests that FCI was artificially shortened and most pregnancy was achieved within first oestrus cycle post-partum. Mare career length and lifetime productivity was positively associated with the stud fee of the first stallion that the mare was mated to and number of foals registered for racing. Conclusion Mare replacement and loss within the national herd was disproportionately associated with mares that were producing foals for a contracting domestic racing market. There was a constricted breeding season with most mares being mated within the first oestrous cycle post-partum. Mare retention and breeding success were positively associated with the service fee of the sire and progeny that had raced, reflecting the commercial pressure of the industry on mare management. Implication The changes in the broodmare herd and management reflects the increasing proportion of the industry focusing on breeding foals that will appeal to the export market. The economic drivers for early born foals provide management challenges as these are not aligned with the optimal reproductive season of the horse.
Physicochemical mechanisms of FT-NIRS age prediction in fish otoliths
Authors: Passerotti Michelle S. , Reichert Marcel J. M. , Robertory Bailey A. , Marsh Zachary , Stefik Morgan , Quattro Joseph M. 
Published: May 2022

Context Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIRS) is of interest to fisheries managers for rapid age prediction in fish otoliths, yet the underlying prediction mechanism is unknown. Aims To better understand drivers of FT-NIRS age prediction, we evaluated FT-NIRS spectra and age prediction models for otoliths of red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus, related to otolith structure, mass, and constituents (calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and protein). Methods Spectra were collected from a set of whole otoliths (n = 84, 0–28 years) and again sequentially after grinding to powder and subsampling a fixed mass of each ground otolith. Protein content was also measured (n = 26) and related to spectra. Key results Age prediction was diminished in ground and fixed-mass otolith models, but remained within 2 years of traditional ages. Protein content (0.43–0.92% weight) increased significantly with age, implying a concomitant decrease in CaCO3 content. FT-NIRS models predicted protein content to within 0.04%, but protein variability hindered modelling. Spectral characteristics of both CaCO3 and protein are evident in otolith spectra and are implicated in age-prediction models. Conclusions Changes in otolith composition, mass, and structure underlie FT-NIRS age prediction, but compositional changes inform the majority of age prediction. Implications These results provide a foundation for understanding FT-NIRS age prediction.
Competing interactions give rise to two-state behavior and switch-like transitions in charge-rich intrinsically disordered proteins
Authors: Zeng Xiangze , Ruff Kiersten M. , Pappu Rohit V. 
Published: May 2022

SignificanceIntrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) of proteins, when tethered to folded domains, function either as flexible tails or as linkers between domains. Most IDRs are polyampholytes that comprise a mixture of oppositely charged residues. Recent measurements of tethered polyampholytes showed the tendency of arginine- and lysine-rich sequences to behave very differently from one another. Using computer simulations, we show that these differences are determined by differences in free energies of hydration, steric volumes, and other considerations. Further, the interplay between electrostatic attractions and favorable free energies of hydration creates distinct stable states for polyampholytic IDRs. These findings have implications for switch-like transitions and the regulation of effective concentrations of interaction motifs by IDRs.
The facilities and performance of TianQin laser ranging station
Authors: Zhang Caishi , Gao Tianquan , Cao Yuyan , Fan Zhongwei , Fu Honglin , Gu De-Feng , Han Xida , Huang Yutao , Kang Lin , Li Ke , Li Ming , Li Rongwang , Li Yu-Qiang , Li Zhulian , Li Zun-Biao , Lian Jun-Xiang , Liu Junchi , Liu Qi , Liu Sheng-Qian , Liu Yuan , Mei Jianwei , Pi Xiaoyu , Shao Cheng-Gang , Sun Ji , Tan Yu-Jie , Tang Yuhua , Tu Liang-Cheng , Wang Panpan , Wang Saijin , Wu Peiheng , Wu Qinglin , Xiong Liang , Xiong Yao-Heng , Xue Chao , Yan Yong , Yang Shan-Qing , Yeh Hsien-Chi , Zhai Dongsheng , Zhang Haitao , Zhang Hongbo , Zhang Labao , Zhang Lihua , Zhao Hong-Chao , Zhou Guo-Dong , Luo Jun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The TianQin Project is aiming at gravitational wave (GW) detection in space. TianQin GW observatory comprises three satellites orbiting on 1 × 105 km Earth orbits to form an equilateral-triangle constellation. In order to minimize the variations in arm lengths and breathing angles, the satellites must be launched and adjusted precisely into an optimized orbit. Therefore, satellite laser ranging must be used to enhance the precision of satellite orbit determination. To develop the capability of satellite laser ranging for TianQin’s orbit, the TianQin Laser Ranging Station has been designed and constructed to perform high-precision laser ranging for TianQin satellites and lunar laser ranging as well. Applying a 1064 nm Nd: YAG laser with 100 Hz repetition frequency, 80 pico-second pulse duration, and 2 × 2 array of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors, we have obtained the laser echo signals from the five lunar retro-reflector arrays, and the measurement data have been packaged into 234 normal points (NPs), including a few data measured during the full-moon lunar phase. Each NP is calculated from continuous measurement for about ten minutes and the statistical error of the NPs is about 7 mm (1σ).
Ion-photoelectron entanglement in photoionization with chirped laser pulses
Authors: Vrakking Marc J J 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The investigation of coherent dynamics induced by photoionization of atoms or molecules by extreme ultra-violet (XUV) attosecond laser pulses requires careful consideration of the degree of ion + photoelectron entanglement that results from the photoionization process. Here, we consider coherent H2
+ vibrational dynamics induced by photoionization of neutral H2 by a chirped attosecond laser pulse. We show that chirping the attosecond laser pulse leads to ion + photoelectron entanglement and the transition from a pure to a mixed state. This transition is characterized by evaluating the purity, which is close to unity for a transform-limited attosecond laser pulse and which decreases to a value that is determined by the number of vibrational states populated in the photoionization process for increasing values of the chirp parameter. In the calculations, the vibrational dynamics is probed by calculating time-delayed dissociation of the H2
+ cation by a short ultra-violet (UV) laser pulse. Independent of the magnitude of the chirp, the coherent vibrational dynamics can be recovered by recording the XUV-UV delay-dependent kinetic energy release in coincidence with the kinetic energy of the accompanying photoelectron.
Ultrasensitive fully transparent amorphous Ga2O3 solar-blind deep-ultraviolet photodetector for corona discharge detection
Authors: Liu Haowen , Zhou Shuren , Zhang Hong , Ye Lijuan , Xiong Yuanqiang , Yu Peng , Li Wanjun , Yang Xun , Li Honglin , Kong Chunyang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Solar-blind deep-ultraviolet photodetectors are one of the most effective tools to detect corona discharge because high-voltage corona discharge is always accompanied by deep-ultraviolet light (UVC, 200–280 nm), referred to as solar-blind signals. In this study, a fully transparent metal-semiconductor-metal solar-blind photodetector with Al-doped ZnO (AZO) transparent electrodes was successfully constructed based on amorphous Ga2O3 film (a-Ga2O3) and prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The as-fabricated fully transparent device exhibits excellent performance, including an ultra-low dark current of 2.84 pA, a high photo-to-dark current ratio of 1.41 × 107, superb rejection ratio (R254/R400 = 2.93 × 105), a large responsivity of 2.66 A W−1, superb detectivity (4.84 × 1014 Jones), and fast response speed (rise/fall time: 24 μs/1.24 ms). It is worth noting that the fully transparent a-Ga2O3 photodetector demonstrates ultra-high sensitivity to weak solar-blind signals, far below the 100 nW cm−2 threshold of the test equipment. It also has high-resolution detection capabilities for subtle changes in radiation intensity. Acting as a sensor for the high-voltage corona discharge simulation detection system, the fully transparent a-Ga2O3 photodetector can clearly detect extremely weak solar-blind signals. The results described in this work serve as proof-of-concept for future applications of amorphous Ga2O3 solar-blind deep-ultraviolet photodetectors in high-voltage corona discharge detection.
Tunable narrow transparency windows induced by the coupled quasi-guided modes in borophene plasmonic nanostructure
Authors: Long Tianqi , Zhang Liangang , Wang Ling-Ling , Lin Qi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A grating-assisted triple-layer continuous borophene sheets structure is presented to investigate the phase-coupled plasmonic induced transparency effect at the near-infrared communication band. In the proposed structure, the diffraction grating is utilized to couple the normal incident waves, which excites the quasi-guided mode in triple-layer continuous borophene sheets. Compared to the patterned structure, the requirement of complicated processing techniques and extra doping configurations for the tuning of carrier density can be avoided by using the continuous borophene sheet. Additionally, the narrower transparency windows are shown in the spectral responses via the phase coupling between two detuned quasi-guided modes with high quality factors. The transparency windows can be efficiently tuned by adjusting the carrier densities in borophene sheets or the separation distances between the borophene sheets. The analytical results based on temporal coupled mode theory and transfer matrix method are consistent with the numerical simulations via finite-difference time-domain calculations. The proposed scheme provides the promising design of a tunable plasmon-induced transparency component that is compatible with optical communication technology.