bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adherence to COVID-19 Vaccine among Health Care Providers in Merowe Hospital in Rural Area at North Sudan
Authors: Hamad Nadia Ahmed Mohammed , Hamid Amal Mohammed , Mohamed Amal Abdelgadir , Sharaf Khalida Hussain Saeed 
Published: September 2022

Aim: To assess Adherence to COVID-19 vaccine among health care providers in Merowe hospital.
Study Design: Across-sectional descriptive study.
Methodology: Study was carried out among 108 participants; they were selected by purposive sampling technique. Data was collected by questionnaire. Data was entered in to SPSS version 25. Analysis was done using frequency tables and cross tabulations, significance was regarded as P ≤ 0.05.
Results: 52.8% were not vaccinated, while 72.2% from total participants would recommend the covid-19 vaccine to their family, friends and patients and 53.7% said that they had contribution in community campaigns to encourage people to get the vaccine,64.7% of vaccinated participants took the vaccine because they were afraid of occupational hazards, 27.8% their respond about vaccine effect in prevention was negative and a there was a significant association between profession and contribution in community campaign P .value equal 0.035.
Conclusion: Nearly half of participants (47.2%) were immunized. Getting enough and correct information about the vaccines that are available was the main aspect that could enhancement vaccination uptake. The current analysis offers the authorities profound insights into the anticipated challenges, issues, and potential course of action.
Topical Drug Delivery
Authors: Guy Richard H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Skin barrier function is principally determined by the stratum corneum (SC), which provides an extremely efficient means to retard water loss from the ‘inside–out’ and to the penetration of xenobiotics from the ‘outside–in’. It appears that most compounds are constrained to transport via the tortuous lipid‐filled intercellular domain of the SC, substantially lowering the permeability of the membrane. Molecular penetration of the skin barrier depends upon the drug's lipophilicity, its size and its solubility properties. Various topical drug formulations have been developed to treat dermatological disease. However, typically, only a few per cent of the applied drug dose actually becomes available at the site of action. Consequently, drug treatment of skin disease is associated with large variability and the demonstration of safety and efficacy currently requires clinical trials with very large patient numbers.
Dermatoses of the Scalp
Authors: Farrant Paul , Mowbray Megan , Sinclair Rodney D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe scalp is a common site of skin problems and a frequent reason for a dermatological consultation. The scalp has a large number of terminal hair follicles, arranged in follicular units that cover the scalp surface. The presence of hairs presents unique problems in the management of the inflammatory skin conditions discussed below. The loss of hair that occurs with age and disease leads to increased ultraviolet exposure to the scalp and subsequent risk of actinic damage and skin cancer. In addition to inflammatory skin conditions and tumours, the scalp is a common site of infections, pruritus and dysaesthesia. In this chapter the disorders that present most frequently in the scalp are discussed, focusing on the management differences at this site. A distinction is made between conditions that present with scale, pustules, secondary alopecia or pruritus and dysaethesia.
Dermatoses of the Female Genitalia
Authors: Lewis Fiona 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe female genitalia are affected by specific dermatoses, such as lichen sclerosus and lichen planus, but are also involved as part of more widespread cutaneous disease. This chapter covers the clinical features and management of dermatoses, infections and pre‐malignant and malignant disease of the female genitalia and highlights the issues that are specific to the region.
Adaptive command filtered control for switched multi‐input multi‐output nonlinear systems with hysteresis inputs
Authors: Wang Yuanqing , Niu Ben , Ahmad Adil , Liu Yajuan , Wang Huanqing , Zong Guangdeng , Alsaadi Fawaz 
Published: September 2022

SUMMARYThis article is devoted to designing an adaptive command filtered control scheme for a category of multiple‐input multiple‐output switched nonlinear systems with backlash‐like hysteresis. The “explosion of complexity” issue, which comes from the derivatives of the intermediate controller, is eliminated by using a command filter technique. Meanwhile, an error compensation mechanism is introduced to offset the filter error's impact on system performances and overcome the drawback of traditional dynamic surface control methods. Furthermore, a proper Lyapunov function and an adaptive law are fixed in the last step of the backstepping design procedure to surmount the design difficulty arising from the backlash‐like hysteresis nonlinearity. In a word, by utilizing the command filter technique, backstepping algorithm, and average dwell time method, an adaptive controller is constructed, which can not only guarantee that the system outputs track the desired trajectories as far as possible but also ensure all the signals are bounded. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Enantioselective Organocatalyzed Functionalization of Tetramic and Tetronic Acids
Authors: Ciber Luka , Gorenc Ana , Hozjan Mišel , Požgan Franc , Svete Jurij , Brodnik Helena , Štefane Bogdan , Grošelj Uroš 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOrganocatalyzed Michael addition of N‐substituted tetramic acids to nitroalkene acceptors followed by O‐alkylation gave polyfunctionalized tetramic acid (31 examples, 59–94% ee). The enantioselectivity of the product was influenced by the N‐substituent of the substrate. Quantum chemical methods provided the mechanistic insights of the studied transformation. The preferred reaction pathway follows the model proposed by Pápai et al. Single crystal structure confirmed the absolute configuration, which was in line with the ECD measured and calculated structure. Additionally, a comparative study of the alkylation of a selected tetramic and tetronic acid with trans‐β‐nitrostyrene is disclosed. Follow‐up amidations demonstrated the applicability of this class of compounds for the incorporation into both dipeptide and depsipeptide sequences.magnified image
“Back‐to‐Front” Indole and Carbazole Synthesis from N,N‐Bis‐(2‐bromoallyl)amines by Combining Carbolithiation Reactions with Gold‐Catalysis
Authors: Muñoz‐Torres Miguel A. , Martínez‐Lara Fernando , Solas Marta , Suárez‐Pantiga Samuel , Sanz Roberto 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe combination of organolithium chemistry with gold catalysis has enabled the development of a synthetic strategy for accessing polysubstituted indoles and carbazoles from readily available starting materials. This method is based on a “back‐to‐front” approach from ketopyrroles, generated by intramolecular carbolithiation of N,N‐bis‐(2‐lithioallyl)amines that evolve into 3,4‐bis(lithiomethyl)dihydropyrrole intermediates capable of reacting with carboxylic esters and Weinreb amides. These ketopyrroles have demonstrated to be excellent precursors of mono or bis(alkynols)pyrroles that, under gold‐catalysis, experience a benzannulation reaction providing access to regioselectively substituted indoles or carbazoles.magnified image
Gill and haematological alterations in Macrobrachium amazonicum adults in acute exposure to ammonia and nitrite isolated and combined
Authors: Dutra Fabrício Martins , Juvenal Jonatan Raphael , Forneck Sandra Carla , Brazão Claudia Caramelo , Ballester Eduardo Luis Cupertino 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe present study evaluated the isolated and combined effect of total ammonia and nitrite on Macrobrachium amazonicum adults through the median lethal concentration (LC5096h), histological analysis of gills and total and differential haemolymph cell counts. Prawns (n = 640; 9.8 ± 0.9 cm and 8.22 ± 1.29 g) were subjected to an entirely randomised design in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme. Individuals were exposed to total ammonia (0, 18, 36 and 72 mg/L) and nitrite (0, 1, 2 and 4 mg/L) alone and in combination. Interaction between the compounds was determined by summing the additivity of the substances (S) and by calculating the additivity index (AI). The LC5096h of isolated compounds was 27.98 mg/L for total ammonia and 1.87 mg/L for nitrite. Total ammonia and nitrite combined showed an LC5096h of 22.36 and 1.17 mg/L, respectively. The sum of additivity ranged from 2.70 to 1.42 and the AI indicated that the toxicity of the mixture was 1.70 to 0.42 times lower, indicating an antagonistic effect of the compounds. High total haemocyte counts (THC) were observed at the higher concentrations of both compounds at a shorter exposure time. Reduction in THC was observed in the treatments with a longer exposure time. Differential haemocyte counts were similar between treatments. Increases in the extent of regressive damage and organ index (Iorg) values occurred with increasing concentrations of isolated total ammonia and nitrite. Mild to moderate presence of progressive damage was observed at intermediate combined concentrations, which elevated the Iorg values. The interaction of total ammonia and nitrite promoted a reduction in mortality compared to treatment with the isolated compounds. Thus, the results obtained guide decision‐making in production systems, which are currently based on studies where the compounds were evaluated acting in isolation.
Dynamic modeling of biotechnology adoption with individual versus social learning: An application to US corn farmers
Authors: Yoo Do‐il , Chavas Jean‐Paul 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRelative roles of individual versus social learning on biotechnology adoption are investigated with an empirical focus on the adoption of Genetically Modified (GM) corn in the US Corn Belt. Relying on a Kalman filter algorithm, the unobservable learning process is parameterized in a dynamic programming problem, and parameters are estimated using a minimum‐distance estimator. Estimates show that farmers are risk‐averse and that both individual and social learning affect GM technology adoption with more importance on individual learning than social learning, whose statistical significances are confirmed by hypothesis testing. Sensitivity analysis results show that social learning contributes to lower GM adoption rates, reflecting a strategic delay in the presence of information externalities in the early and middle diffusion stages. [EconLit Citations: C61, D83, O33].
Environmental contributions to the evolution of trait differences inGeum triflorum: Implications for restoration
Authors: Volk Kate , Braasch Joseph , Ahlering Marissa , Hamilton Jill A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPremiseHow the environment influences the distribution of trait variation across a species’ range has important implications for seed transfer during restoration. Evolution across environments could influence fitness when individuals are transferred into new environments. Here, we evaluate the role the environment has had on the distribution of genetic variance for traits important to adaptation.MethodsIn a common garden experiment, we quantified trait differentiation for populations ofGeum triflorumsourced from three distinct ecoregions and evaluated the ability of climate to predict trait variation. Populations were sourced from the Manitoba and Great Lake alvar ecoregions that experience predictable extremes in seasonal water availability and the prairie ecoregion which exhibits unpredictable changes in water availability.ResultsPlants sourced from alvar ecoregions exhibited smaller but more stomata and greater intrinsic water‐use efficiency relative to prairie plant populations, supporting the evolution of ecotypic differences. Estimates of standing genetic variance and heritable genetic variation for quantitative traits suggest alvar populations have greater adaptive potential. However, low evolvability suggests all populations likely have limited capacity to evolve in response to environmental change.ConclusionsThese results highlight the importance of the environment in influencing the evolution and distribution of genetic differences across populations used as seed sources for restoration. Additionally, these data may inform recommendations for seed transfer across novel environments and our expectations of populations’ adaptive potential.
COVID‐19 in the workplace: Self‐reported source of exposure and availability of personal protective equipment by industry and occupation in Michigan
Authors: Laskaris Zoey , Hirschtick Jana L. , Xie Yanmei , McKane Patricia , Fleischer Nancy L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesFragmented industry and occupation surveillance data throughout the COVID‐19 pandemic has left public health practitioners and organizations with an insufficient understanding of high‐risk worker groups and the role of work in SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission.MethodsWe drew sequential probability samples of noninstitutionalized adults (18+) in the Michigan Disease Surveillance System with COVID‐19 onset before November 16, 2020 (N = 237,468). Among the 6000 selected, 1839 completed a survey between June 23, 2020, and April 23, 2021. We compared in‐person work status, source of self‐reported SARS‐CoV‐2 exposure, and availability of adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) by industry and occupation using weighted descriptive statistics and Rao‐Scott χ2 tests. We identified industries with a disproportionate share of COVID‐19 infections by comparing our sample with the total share of employment by industry in Michigan using 2020 data from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics.ResultsEmployed respondents (n = 1244) were predominantly female (53.1%), aged 44 and under (54.4%), and non‐Hispanic White (64.0%). 30.4% of all employed respondents reported work as the source of their SARS‐CoV‐2 exposure and 78.8% were in‐person workers. Work‐related exposure was prevalent in Nursing and Residential Care Facilities (65.2%); Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities (63.3%); and Food Manufacturing (57.5%). By occupation, work‐related exposure was highest among Protective Services (57.9%), Healthcare Support (56.5%), and Healthcare Practitioners (51.9%). Food Manufacturing; Nursing and Residential Care; and Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities were most likely to report having adequate PPE “never” or “rarely” (36.4%, 27.9%, and 26.7%, respectively).ConclusionsWorkplaces were a key source of self‐reported SARS‐CoV‐2 exposure among employed Michigan residents during the first year of the pandemic. To prevent transmission, there is an urgent need in public health surveillance for the collection of industry and occupation data of people infected with COVID‐19, as well as for future airborne infectious diseases for which we have little understanding of risk factors.
Newborn screening for Duchenne muscular dystrophy‐early detection and diagnostic algorithm for female carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Gruber Dorota , Lloyd‐Puryear Michele , Armstrong Niki , Scavina Mena , Tavakoli Norma P. , Brower Amy M. , Caggana Michele , Chung Wendy K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common pediatric‐onset form of muscular dystrophy, occurring in 1 in 5,000 live male births. DMD is a multi‐system disease resulting in muscle weakness with progressive deterioration of skeletal, heart, and smooth muscle, and learning disabilities. Pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants in the DMD gene, which encodes dystrophin protein, cause dystrophinopathy. All males with a P/LP variant in the X‐linked DMD gene are expected to be affected. Two to 20% of female heterozygotes with a P/LP variant develop symptoms of dystrophinopathy ranging from mild muscle weakness to significant disability similar to Becker muscular dystrophy. Recently, with improvements in therapies and testing methodology, there is stronger evidence supporting newborn screening (NBS) for DMD for males and females because females may also develop symptoms. A consented pilot study to screen newborns for DMD was initiated in New York State (NYS) and conducted from 2019 to 2021. The identification of female carriers and the realization of the subsequent uncertainty of providers concerning follow‐up during the pilot led to the development of algorithms for screening and diagnosis of carrier females, including both NBS and cascade molecular testing of family members.
Associations of grip strength, walking pace, and the risk of incident dementia: A prospective cohort study of 340212 participants
Authors: Kuo Kevin , Zhang Ya‐Ru , Chen Shi‐Dong , He Xiao‐Yu , Huang Shu‐Yi , Wu Bang‐Sheng , Deng Yue‐Ting , Yang Liu , Ou Ya‐Nan , Guo Yu , Zhang Rui‐Qi , Zhang Yi , Tan Lan , Dong Qiang , Cheng Wei , Yu Jin‐Tai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionGrip strength and walking pace have been linked to cognitive dysfunction. Their relationships, however, demand further clarification as the evidence is derived primarily from less‐comprehensive investigations.MethodsA total of 340212 UK Biobank participants without dementia and cardiovascular diseases at baseline were analyzed. Cox proportional hazard models assessed the longitudinal associations.ResultsOver a mean follow‐up of 8.51 ± 2.68 years, 2424 incident dementia cases were documented. A 5 kg increment of absolute grip strength was associated with lower risks of all‐cause dementia (hazard ratio [HR] 0.857), Alzheimer's disease (HR 0.874), and vascular dementia (HR 0.788). The patterns of associations remained similar when grip strength was expressed in relative terms and quintiles. A slow walking pace demonstrated consistent associations with increased risks of all dementia types.DiscussionOur findings provide amplified evidence and suggest that muscle fitness, reflected by objective grip strength measures and self‐reported walking pace, may be imperative for estimating the risks of dementia.
Developing Isoxazole as a Native Photo‐Cross‐Linker for Photoaffinity Labeling and Chemoproteomics
Authors: Cheng Ke , Qi Junyang , Ren Xiaojie , Zhang Jie , Li Huangxu , Xiao Hanyue , Wang Rui , Liu Zhiyang , Meng Lingkuan , Ma Nan , Sun Hongyan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPhotoaffinity labeling is a powerful technique to interrogate drug‐protein interactions in native cellular environments. Photo‐cross‐linkers are instrumental for this technique. However, the introduction of unnatural photo‐cross‐linkers may significantly reduce the bioactivity of the drug, thus impairing the chemoproteomic outcomes. Herein, we developed a common pharmacophore, isoxazole, into a natively embedded photo‐cross‐linker for chemoproteomics, which minimally perturbs the drug structure. The photo‐cross‐linking reactions of the isoxazole were thoroughly investigated for the first time. Functionalized isoxazoles were then designed and applied to protein labeling, demonstrating the superior photo‐cross‐linking efficiency. Subsequently, two isoxazole‐based drugs, Danazol and Luminespib, were employed in chemoproteomic studies, revealing their potential cellular targets. These results provide valuable strategies for future chemoproteomic study and drug development.
A Germapyramidane Switches Between 3D Cluster and 2D Cyclic Structures in Single‐Electron Steps
Authors: Coburger Peter , Masero Fabio , Bösken Jonas , Mougel Victor , Grützmacher Hansjörg 
Published: September 2022

AbstractReaction of the imidazolium‐substituted iphosphate‐diide, (Ipr)2C2P2 (IDP), with GeCl2 ⋅ dioxane and KBArF24 [(BarF24)−=tetrakis[(3,5‐trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate)] afforded the dicationic spherical‐aromatic nido‐cluster [Ge(η4‐IDP)]2+ ([1]2+) (Ipr=1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazolium‐2‐ylidene). This complex is a rare heavy analogue of the elusive pyramidane [C(η4‐C4H4)]. [1]2+ undergoes two reversible one‐electron reductions, which yield the radical cation [2]⋅+ and the neutral GeII species 3. Both [2]⋅+ and 3 rearrange in solution forming the 2D aromatic and planar imidazolium‐substituted digermolide [4]2+ and germole‐diide 5, respectively. Both planar species can be oxidized back to [1]2+ using AgSbF6. These redox‐isomerizations correspond to the fundamental transformation of a 3D aromatic cluster into a 2D aromatic ring compound upon reduction and vice versa. The mechanism of these reactions was elucidated using DFT calculations and cyclic voltammetry experiments.
Hydrophilicity‐Based Engineering of the Active Pocket of D‐Amino Acid Oxidase Leading to Highly Improved Specificity toward D‐Glufosinate
Authors: Yang Kai , Huang Bin , Amanze Charles , Yan Zhen , Qiu Guanzhou , Liu Xueduan , Zhou Hongbo , Zeng Weimin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDue to its stringent stereospecificity, D‐amino acid oxidase (DAAO) has made it very easy to synthesize L‐amino acids. However, the low activity of the wild‐type enzyme toward unnatural substrates, such as D‐glufosinate (D‐PPT), restricts its application. In this study, DAAO from Rhodotorula gracilis (RgDAAO) was directly evolved using a hydrophilicity‐substitution saturation mutagenesis strategy, yielding a mutant with significantly increased catalytic activity against D‐PPT. The mutant displays distinct catalytic properties toward hydrophilic substrates as compared to numerous WT‐DAAOs. The analysis of homology modeling and molecular dynamic simulation suggest that the extended reaction pocket with greater hydrophilicity was the reason for the enhanced activity. The current study established an enzymatic synthetic route to L‐PPT, an excellent herbicide, with high efficiency, and the proposed strategy provides a new viewpoint on enzyme engineering for the biosynthesis of unnatural amino acids.
A Topology‐Defined Polyester Elastomer from CO2 and 1,3‐Butadiene: A One‐Pot‐One‐Step “Scrambling Polymerizations” Strategy
Authors: Chen Kaihao , Zhu Zhiqi , Bai Tianwen , Mei Yixuan , Shen Tianlun , Ling Jun , Ni Xufeng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIt is significant and challenging to use CO2 to produce polymeric materials, especially with olefins. Here, a novel strategy named “scrambling polymerizations” is designed and performed for the copolymerization of a CO2‐and‐1,3‐butadiene‐derived valerolactone, 3‐ethylidene‐6‐vinyltetrahydro‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one (EVL), with ϵ‐caprolactone (CL) to prepare polyesters. Anionic ring‐opening polymerization of CL and conjugated addition oligomerization of EVL take place individually to form PCL and EVL oligomers, respectively. Then EVL oligomers insert into PCL by transesterification resulting in polyester P(CL‐co‐EVL) with a tunable topology and composition. The non‐cytotoxic and degradable polyester network with elongation at break of >600 % can be used as an elastomer. We propose a method to provide polyester elastomers from CO2 and olefins for the first time, and expand the potential of transformation from sustainable feedstocks to polymeric materials.