bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body mass index is superior to other body adiposity indexes in predicting incident hypertension in a highly admixed sample after 10‐year follow‐up: The Baependi Heart Study
Authors: Maciel de Oliveira Camila , França da Rosa Francielle , de Oliveira Alvim Rafael , Mourão Junior Carlos Alberto , Bacells Mercedes , Liu Chunyu , Pavani Jessica , Capasso Robson , Lavezzo Dias Fernando Augusto , Eduardo Krieger José , Costa Pereira Alexandre 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHypertension is the leading cause of overall mortality in low‐ and middle‐income countries. In Brazil, there is paucity of data on the determinants of incident hypertension and related risk factors. We aimed to determine the incidence of hypertension in a sample from the Brazilian population and investigate possible relationships with body adiposity indexes. We assessed risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease, including adiposity body indexes and biochemical analysis, in a sample from the Baependi Heart Study before and after a 10‐year follow‐up. Hypertension was defined by the presence of systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg or the use of antihypertensive drugs. From an initial sample of 1693 participants, 498 (56% women; mean age 38 ± 13 years) were eligible to be included. The overall hypertension incidence was 24.3% (22.3% in men and 25.6% in women). Persons who developed hypertension had higher prevalence of obesity, higher levels for blood pressure, higher frequency of dyslipidemia, and higher body adiposity indexes at baseline. The best prediction model for incident hypertension includes age, sex, HDL‐c, SBP, and Body Mass Index (BMI) [AUC = 0.823, OR = 1.58 (95% CI 1.23‐2.04)]. BMI was superior in its predictive capacity when compared to Body Adiposity Index (BAI), Body Roundness Index (BRI), and Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI). Incident hypertension in a sample from the Brazilian population was 24.3% after 10‐year follow‐up and BMI, albeit the simpler index to be calculated, is the best anthropometric index to predict incident hypertension.
Single‐nucleus transcriptome analysis reveals disease‐ and regeneration‐associated endothelial cells in white matter vascular dementia
Authors: Mitroi Daniel N. , Tian Min , Kawaguchi Riki , Lowry William E. , Carmichael S. Thomas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundVascular dementia (VaD) is the accumulation of vascular lesions in the subcortical white matter of the brain. These lesions progress and there is no direct medical therapy.AimsTo determine the specific cellular responses in VaD so as to provide molecular targets for therapeutic development.Materials and MethodsSingle‐nucleus transcriptome analysis was performed in human periventricular white matter (PVWM) samples of VaD and normal control (NC) subjects.ResultsDifferential analysis shows that cell type‐specific transcriptomic changes in VaD are associated with the disruption of specific biological processes, including angiogenesis, immune activation, axonal injury and myelination. Each cell type in the neurovascular unit within white matter has a specific alteration in gene expression in VaD. In a central cell type for this disease, subcluster analysis of endothelial cells (EC) indicates that VaD contains a disease‐associated EC subcluster that expresses genes associated with programmed cell death and a response to protein folding. Two other subpopulations of EC in VaD express molecular systems associated with regenerative processes in angiogenesis, and in axonal sprouting and oligodendrocyte progenitor cell maturation.ConclusionThis comprehensive molecular profiling of brain samples from patients with VaD reveals previously unknown molecular changes in cells of the neurovascular niche, and an attempt at regeneration in injured white matter.
Effects of wearing personal protective equipment during COVID‐19 pandemic on composition and diversity of skin bacteria and fungi of medical workers
Authors: Lin X. , Li Y.Z. , Chen T. , Min S.H. , Wang D.F. , Ding M.M. , Jiang G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, wearing PPE can induce skin damage such as erythema, pruritus, erosion, and ulceration among others. Although the skin microbiome is considered important for skin health, the change of the skin microbiome after wearing PPE remains unknown.ObjectiveThe present study aimed to characterize the diversity and structure of bacterial and fungal flora on skin surfaces of healthcare workers wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) during the COVID‐19 pandemic using metagenomic next‐generation sequencing (mNGS).MethodsA total of 10 Chinese volunteers were recruited and the microbiome of their face, hand, and back were analysed before and after wearing PPE. Moreover, VISIA was used to analyse skin features.ResultsResults of alpha bacterial diversity showed that there was statistically significant decrease in alpha diversity indice in the skin samples from face, hand, and three sites after wearing PPE as compared with the indice in the skin samples before wearing PPE. Further, the results of evaluated alpha fungal diversity show that there was a statistically significant decrease in alpha diversity indices in the skin samples from hand after wearing PPE as compared with the indices in the skin samples before wearing PPE (P < 0.05). Results of the current study found that the main bacteria on the face, hand, and back skin samples before wearing the PPE were Propionibacterium spp. (34.04%), Corynebacterium spp. (13.12%), and Staphylococcus spp. (38.07%). The main bacteria found on the skin samples after wearing the PPE were Staphylococcus spp. (31.23%), Xanthomonas spp. (26.21%), and Cutibacterium spp. (42.59%). The fungal community composition was similar in three skin sites before and after wearing PPE.ConclusionIt was evident that wearing PPE may affect the skin microbiota, especially bacteria. Therefore, it was evident that the symbiotic microbiota may reflect the skin health of medical workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Niche availability and habitat affinities of the red porgy Pagrus pagrus (Linnaeus, 1758): An important ecological player on the world's largest rhodolith beds
Authors: Anderson Antônio B. , Bernardes Manuela B. , Pinheiro Hudson T. , Guabiroba Helder C. , Pimentel Caio R. , Vilar Ciro C. , Gomes Luiz E. O. , Bernardino Angelo F. , Delfino Stephanie D. T. , Giarrizzo Tommaso , Ferreira Carlos E. L. , Joyeux Jean‐Christophe 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe red porgy (Pagrus pagrus) is a carnivore bottom dweller sparid, inhabiting flat sandy bottoms, rhodolith and seagrass beds of the Mediterranean Sea, the Western Atlantic (from Florida to Argentina) and the Eastern Atlantic (from Britain to Gabon). Along its native range, the red porgy is highly targeted by commercial and artisanal fisheries. In the past 40 years, the population decline of the species has been widely reported. In many locations, such as the Brazilian coast, stocks have collapsed. The central portion of the Brazilian coast harbours the largest rhodolith beds in the world and the highest levels of nektonic and benthic biodiversity. Along the rhodolith megahabitat, P. pagrus density is disproportionately higher (by 480%) than that of conspicuous benthic fishes inhabiting the same environment. Despite the ecological and economic importance of such an important species along its native range, little is known regarding its habitat use, niche availability and population responses to global warming. Here we present habitat affinities based on data sampled using baited remote stereo‐video systems, and modelled niche availability and global warming populational responses. Our findings reveal that the red porgy is a species highly associated with rhodolith beds along the central portion of the Brazilian coast. The presence of a disproportional density and biomass of the red porgy, compared to other marine fish species, indicates that the species plays a key ecological role as a carnivore, mesoconsumer and prey/predator tolerant species, maintaining essential ecological functions in the habitat. In a global warming scenario, the model predicted populational niche shifts poleward and a severe niche erosion at lower latitudes as expected. Conservation initiatives (implementation of Maine Protected Areas, trawling exclusion zones, mining exclusion zones, fisheries management policies) are urgent to secure future stocks of the red porgy and also preserve the fragile rhodolith beds they inhabit.
Release behavior of vitamin C nanoliposomes from starch–vitamin C active packaging films
Authors: Khuntia Anjali , Kumar Rahul , Premjit Yashaswini , Mitra Jayeeta 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAscorbic acid (Vitamin C) is an essential nutrient that cannot be synthesized by the human body. It is highly susceptible to degradation in presence of air, light, and moisture. Hence, encapsulation techniques are employed to provide better stability under adverse conditions. The present study used the nanoliposome technique because of its biocompatibility and controlled release efficiency. Nanoliposomes containing vitamin C (VC) were prepared by the thin‐layer dispersion technique followed by sonication at different phosphatidylcholine (PC) to stearic acid (SA) ratio, that is, 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, and 50:50 of PC:SA. The effect of sonication and varying ratios of wall materials on liposomes were explored. The nanoliposomes were characterized based on the particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency (EE) and storage stability. The optimal VC‐loaded nanoliposomes were incorporated in starch films for studying the release profiles at different storage temperatures. The kinetics modeling was done for specific food samples (apple and beans) to simulate different pH effects. It was observed that sonication had a significant effect on the liposomal particle size. Nanoliposomes prepared without SA showed the highest EE (94.18 ± 1.5%) and storage stability. The storage study represents that VC loss was lowest in lyophilized SA‐free nanoliposomes for the analysis period. The release study showed notable differences in VC release profile for different pH conditions. A significant release was observed at 37°C and neutral pH. It was concluded that vitamin‐loaded SA‐free liposomes could effectively replace sterol‐based liposome preparation for food packaging applications.Practical applicationsThe activity of biodegradable film can be effectively modified incorporating encapsulated ascorbic acid rather than the unencapsulated form that is more susceptible to degradation. Liposomal technique was used to encapsulate the vitamin. As well, the packaging material must be examined for the possibility of nutrient release into the product. But, this release behavior is typically investigated in the presence of food simulants. On the contrary, any living system upon exposure to the active packaging will respond in a different way than the food simulant as a result of complex stimulation where several processes function simultaneously. So, this study was carried out for real food applications with the packaging of the cut fruits and vegetables being considered rather than food simulants. The goal of these methods is to increase the vitamin C content of the cut products deploying at room temperature and without the use of energy‐intensive cooling.
The vaccination status and adverse effects of COVID‐19 vaccine among pregnant women in Japan in 2021
Authors: Komine‐Aizawa Shihoko , Haruyama Yasuo , Deguchi Masashi , Hayakawa Satoshi , Kawana Kei , Kobashi Gen , Miyagi Etsuko , Yamada Hideto , Sugiyama Takashi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo investigate the vaccination status and adverse reactions to the COVID‐19 vaccine among pregnant women in Japan, we conducted an online questionnaire survey from October 5 to November 22, 2021. The number of participants in the online survey was 6576. Of the participants, 4840 (73.6%) were vaccinated twice, and 557 (8.5%) were vaccinated once. A total of 1179 (17.9%) responders had never been vaccinated against COVID‐19. The most frequent adverse reaction was local pain at the injection site. The incidence of local adverse reactions was almost identical after the first and the second vaccinations, while systemic reactions, such as fever and fatigue/malaise, and adverse reactions outside the vaccination site such as headache and arthralgia, were more frequent after the second vaccination than after the first vaccination. Regarding the obstetrical complications, uterine tension and/or contraction was observed in 1.65% of the pregnant women after the first vaccination and in 2.98% after the second vaccination, and uterine pain appeared in 1.06% of the pregnant women after the second vaccination. However, serious symptoms, such as hemorrhage, decreased fetal movement, edema, increased blood pressure, and amniorrhexis, were seen in less than 1% of vaccinated women after both the first and second vaccinations. This study clarified the characteristics of vaccination, adverse reactions, and obstetrical symptoms in pregnant women in Japan who had the COVID‐19 vaccine up to the second dose. As a booster vaccination is currently underway, further study is needed to improve the management of pregnant women during the current pandemic.
Historical Sociology and Secularisation: The Political Use of ‘Culturalised Religion’ by the Radical Right in Spain
Authors: Ruiz Andrés Rafael 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe critique of the theory of secularisation has favoured the emergence of a series of concepts for the analysis of contemporary socio‐religious transformations, such as ‘culturalised religion’. These categories constitute, in turn, an opportunity to rethink the process of secularisation from the perspective of historical sociology. Against this background, this article carries out a theoretical analysis of the ambiguities of secularisation in Spain from which a cultural approach to religion (‘culturalised religion’) emerges and its potential connection to the expansion of the radical right‐wing party Vox, which became the third‐largest party in Spain's parliament in the 2019 national election. After analyzing this interrelation between ‘culturalised religion’ and the radical right on the basis of statistical sources, discourse analysis and bibliographical sources, the article concludes by stressing the importance of historical sociology for understanding phenomena like ‘culturalised religion’, which take us out of the binomial logic that has marked part of the interpretation of secularisation (revival of religions vs decline of the religious) and introduce us into the multiple interactions between the historical past and sociological reality.
Invisible labour: legal dimensions of invisibilization
Authors: ADAMS ZOE 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article brings a legal perspective to bear on debates about invisible labour. It argues that we can better understand the causes and implications of invisible labour and its relationship with gender equality by engaging, first, with the law's role in constituting human labour as work, and, second, with how this role influences the way in which the law comes to conceptualize that work for the purposes of regulating it. The article focuses on two categories of invisible labour: reproductive labour, performed predominantly on an unpaid basis in the home, and invisible work, labour that is procured through a wage relation and produces a surplus for firms/organizations, but that is not recognized as such for the purposes of legal regulation. It identifies different dimensions of these categories of invisible labour, explaining them by reference to distinctive features of legal doctrine, while teasing out their socio‐economic, and often gendered, implications.
9‐Year Follow‐Up on Maxillofacial Implant‐Supported Framework Designed to Accommodate Childhood Growth
Authors: Balshi Thomas J. , Wolfinger Glenn J. , Pellecchia Robert , Reiger William , Blakely James W. , Balshi Stephen F. , Kachlan Mamdouh O. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis clinical report focuses on the challenges and solutions for a child subjected to craniofacial trauma from a wild hyena biting off his nose and anterior maxilla. Unique considerations in prosthodontics and biomedical engineering were required based on future craniofacial growth and development of the child. The physical requirement of a maximum retentive prosthesis for an active, athletic child required unique engineering designs and executions. The sequence of treatment and prosthesis fabrication are detailed. The patient has been followed for 9 years without physiologic complications and only minor prosthodontic complications.
Evaluating policies to improve access to mental health services in rural areas
Authors: Shiner Brian , Gottlieb Daniel , Rice Korie , Forehand Jenna A. , Snitkin Meghan , Watts Bradley V. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeThe United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has gradually implemented policies to increase access to mental health care outside of VA medical centers. Most notably, this included requirements to offer mental health services at VA‐administered community‐based clinics in 2008 and increased access to VA‐paid care in the community beginning in 2014. Our objective was to understand how mental health service use patterns changed for rural VA patients during this time.MethodsWe developed a longitudinal cohort of all rural patients who used VA services between 2002 and 2019 (N = 3,345,862). We examined individual, health care, and contextual predictors of mental health service use as well as modalities of mental health service use during policy‐relevant time periods using descriptive statistics.FindingsAccess to mental health services increased with each policy change. The annual percentage of rural VA patients accessing mental health services increased from 11.4% in the earliest years (2002‐2004) to 19.8% in the latest years (2017‐2019). The most rapid period of increase followed a requirement for availability of mental health services at VA‐administered community clinics. Increasing access to VA‐paid care in the community had less effect. By the end of the evaluation, gaps remained in the delivery of care to elderly patients over the age of 75.ConclusionsRural patients use mental health services when they become available. Access was the highest with a combination of changes to both delivery modalities and payment methods. Continued, and perhaps different efforts are required to address a persistent disparity for older patients.
Online Learning for Students with Learning Disabilities and Their Typical Peers: The Association between Basic Psychological Needs and Outcomes
Authors: Goegan Lauren D. , Daniels Lia M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFor some students, online learning, particularly as it relates to the COVID‐19 pandemic, can have negative implications for self‐efficacy, fatigue, and burnout. One way to combat these negative outcomes is for institutions to support students’ basic psychological needs (BPNs) of autonomy, relatedness, and competence. However, online learning may also frustrate students’ BPNs, particularly if they have a learning disability (LD). The purpose of the current study was to investigate the satisfaction and frustration of BPNs in relation to self‐efficacy, fatigue, and burnout for students with and without LD. We surveyed postsecondary students about their courses online and examined differences between students with LD and their typical peers. We also examined BPN satisfaction and frustration as predictors of self‐efficacy, fatigue, and burnout. Recommendations are provided from a universal design for learning perspective. Moreover, limitations and future research directions are discussed.
Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction in association with severity of degenerative spinal diseases: Short‐term outcomes of decompression surgery
Authors: Kimura Shingo , Takyu Shunichi , Kawamorita Naoki , Namima Takashige , Morozumi Naoki , Ito Akihiro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesCervical myelopathy (CM) and lumbar canal stenosis (LCS) are common degenerative spinal diseases among the elderly, and the major associated complaints include lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). The aim of this study was to investigate subjective and objective urological parameters of patients undergoing decompression surgery for CM and LCS.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent evaluation by the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and uroflowmetry before decompression surgery for CM and LCS. Patients with comorbidities that can affect LUTS were excluded. Postoperative changes were evaluated in patients followed up within 1 month.ResultsAmong referrals to urological consultations for LUTS, 231 patients were evaluated preoperatively. Moderate‐severe urinary symptoms (IPSS ≥ 8) were present in 59.8% of 92 CM patients and 64.0% of 139 LCS patients. Poor voiding patterns defined as maximum urinary flow rate <12 mL/s or postvoid residual volume >100 mL were identified in 26.1% of CM and 25.2% of LCS. While IPSS did not associate with disease severity, poor voiders presented with worse Japanese Orthopedic Association scores. Moreover, poor voiders suffered for a longer period of time from orthopedic symptoms due to LCS. In followed‐up patients (CM, n = 32; LCS, n = 47), total IPSS, storage subscores, and voiding subscores were significantly improved after surgery, as was voiding time from uroflowmetry.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated high prevalence of lower urinary tract dysfunction of CM and LCS as well as short‐term effectiveness of decompression surgery. These results would encourage urologists to consider an orthopedic consultation when lower urinary tract dysfunction is identified in patients with degenerative spinal diseases.