bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of blood glucose induced by meals for type-1 diabetics using an adaptive backstepping algorithm
Authors: Zahedifar Rasoul , Keymasi Khalaji Ali 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this study, an adaptive backstepping method is proposed to regulate the blood glucose induced by meals for type-1 diabetic patients. The backstepping controller is used to control the blood glucose level and an adaptive algorithm is utilized to compensate for the blood glucose induced by meals. Moreover, the effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated by comparing results in two different case studies: in the presence of actuator faults and the loss of control input for a short while during treatment. Effects of unannounced meals three times a day are investigated for a nominal patient in every case. It is argued that adaptive backstepping is the preferred control method in either case. The Lyapunov theory is used to prove the stability of the proposed method. Obtained results, indicated that the adaptive backstepping controller is stable, and the desired level of glucose concentration is being tracked efficiently.
Branched-chain and aromatic amino acid levels response to an oral glucose load associated with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Gao BeiBei , Shen Qiong , Wu Ying , Cao MengDie , Zhang QiWu , Chen Lei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSerum branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) and aromatic amino acids (AAAs) are associated with obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We investigated the levels of these amino acids in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and examined their changes in response to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). 110 women were enrolled and underwent a 75-g OGTT during their second trimester; 43 women were diagnosed with GDM and 67 women did not have GDM (non-GDM women). During the OGTT, fasting, 1-h, and 2-h blood samples were obtained. BCAA and AAA levels were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The differences in BCAA and AAA levels between GDM and non-GDM women were not evident during fasting but became significant after glucose loading. Glucose ingestion decreased the levels of BCAAs and AAAs in both groups. Notably, GDM women showed a delayed and blunted decrease in these amino acids compared to non-GDM women. The risks of 2-h changes in BCAAs and AAAs for GDM women were significant. We identified that the differences in BCAA and AAA levels between GDM women and controls, which were not evident during fasting, could be provoked by performing an OGTT.
Xylogenesis and phloemogenesis in the flesh of sweet cherry fruit are limited to early-stage development
Authors: Gärtner Jonas , Grimm Eckhard , Knoche Moritz 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWater inflows into sweet cherry fruit occur via the xylem and the phloem vasculatures of the pedicel. The rates of these inflows are subject to marked changes during fruit development. The objective was to establish if, and when, xylogenesis and phloemogenesis occur in the fruit flesh (mesocarp) during fruit development. Fruit were cut in half and the median and the lateral bundles inspected by light microscopy. Fruit mass increased with time in a double sigmoid pattern. Xylogenesis and phloemogenesis were both limited to early fruit development (stage I). There were no consistent changes in the areas of either xylem or phloem after stage I until maturity (i.e., during stages II and III). The cross-sectional areas of xylem and of phloem in a bundle were both linearly related to total bundle area. Most of the increases (stage I) in bundle area (62%, r2 = 0.99***) were accounted for by increases in phloem area and about 35% (r2 = 0.97***) by increases in xylem area. A small percentage of the xylem area increase (about 4% of the total area of the bundle; r2 = 0.48***) was contributed by the appearance of intercellular spaces within the xylem. Our results suggest, that new xylem and phloem tissues are differentiated only during early development.
Mendelian randomization reveals causal effects of kidney function on various biochemical parameters
Authors: Park Sehoon , Lee Soojin , Kim Yaerim , Cho Semin , Huh Hyeok , Kim Kwangsoo , Kim Yong Chul , Han Seung Seok , Lee Hajeong , Lee Jung Pyo , Joo Kwon Wook , Lim Chun Soo , Kim Yon Su , Kim Dong Ki 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe kidney is a vital organ with diverse biological effects and the burden of kidney function impairment is increasing in modern medicine. As the effects from kidney function on diverse biochemical parameters are yet fully understood, additional investigation to reveal the causal effects is warranted. Here we show the causal estimates from kidney function parameter, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), on 60 biochemical parameters by performing two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study in 337,138 white British UK Biobank participants. A higher genetically predicted eGFR was significantly associated with higher lymphocyte percentage, HDL cholesterol, and alanine aminotransferase. The causal estimates indicated that a higher genetically predicted eGFR was associated with lower urea, urate, insulin growth factor-1, and triglycerides levels. The parameters with significant but non-linear causal estimates were hemoglobin concentration, calcium, vitamin D, and urine creatinine values, identified by non-linear MR. Healthcare providers should understand that changes in eGFR may affect the identified biochemical parameters in diverse patterns. Future study is warranted to expand the knowledge of the mechanisms and clinical implications of the causal effects of eGFR on various biochemical parameters.
Interplay between phytohormone signalling pathways in plant defence – other than salicylic acid and jasmonic acid
Authors: Gilroy Eleanor , Breen Susan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Phytohormones are essential for all aspects of plant growth, development, and immunity; however, it is the interplay between phytohormones, as they dynamically change during these processes, that is key to this regulation. Hormones have traditionally been split into two groups: growth-promoting and stress-related. Here, we will discuss and show that all hormones play a role in plant defence, regardless of current designation. We highlight recent advances in our understanding of the complex phytohormone networks with less focus on archetypal immunity-related pathways and discuss protein and transcription factor signalling hubs that mediate hormone interplay.
Low-wind-effect impact on Shack-Hartmann-based adaptive optics
Authors: Pourré N. , Le Bouquin J.-B. , Milli J. , Sauvage J.-F. , Fusco T. , Correia C. , Oberti S. 
Published: July 2022

Context. The low wind effect (LWE) occurs at the aperture of 8-meter class telescopes when the spiders holding the secondary mirror get significantly cooler than the air. The effect creates phase discontinuities in the incoming wavefront at the location of the spiders. Under the LWE, the wavefront residuals after correction of the adaptive optics (AO) are dominated by low-order aberrations, pistons, and tip-tilts, contained in the pupil quadrants separated by the spiders. Those aberrations, called petal modes, degrade the AO performances during the best atmospheric turbulence conditions. Ultimately, the LWE is an obstacle for high-contrast exoplanet observations at a small angular separation from the host star.
Aims. We aim to understand why extreme AO with a Shack-Hartmann (SH) wavefront sensor fails to correct for the petal tip and tilt modes, while these modes imprint a measurable signal in the SH slopes. We explore if the petal tip and tilt content of the LWE can be controlled and mitigated without an additional wavefront sensor.
Methods. We simulated the sensitivity of a single subaperture of a SH wavefront sensor in the presence of a phase discontinuity across this subaperture. We explored the effect of the most important parameters: the amplitude of the discontinuity, the spider thickness, and the field of view. We then performed end-to-end simulations to reproduce and explain the behavior of extreme AO systems based on a SH in the presence of the LWE. We then evaluated the efficiency of a new mitigation strategy by running simulations, including atmosphere and realistic LWE phase perturbations.
Results. For realistic parameters (i.e. a spider thickness at 25% of a SH subaperture, and a field of view of 3.5λ/d), we find that the sensitivity of the SH to a phase discontinuity is dramatically reduced, or even reversed. Under the LWE, a nonzero curl path is created in the measured slopes, which transforms into vortex-structures in the residuals when the loop is closed. While these vortexes are easily seen in the residual wavefront and slopes, they cannot be controlled by the system. We used this understanding to propose a strategy for controlling the petal tip and tilt modes of the LWE by using the measurements from the SH, but excluding the faulty subapertures.
Conclusions. The proposed mitigation strategy may be of use in all extreme AO systems based on SH for which the LWE is an issue, such as SPHERE and GRAVITY+.
Integration of robotic in the reprocessing and transfer of endoscopes
Authors: Allescher Hans Dieter , Voigt Florian , Mangold Martin , Haddadin Sami 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Optimal hygiene is crucial for patients undergoing flexible endoscopy. Reprocessing is currently influenced by manual procedures performed by endoscopy staff. To overcome this limitation, we designed and evaluated the integration of robotic application for an automated endoscope processing pathway.
Methods We used an endoscope reprocessing pass through machine with drying cabinet and a Franka Emika Panda robot. The robot was programmed to interact with its environment in a compliant way, guaranteeing desired contact force thresholds and therefore ensuring safety of both robot and medical equipment.
Results In an initial phase we tested the robots’ ability to handle a modified tray holding an endoscope as well as certain challenges (correct positioning, connection of tubing, undesired collisions). We added another Panda robot arm resulting in a device featuring two independent manipulators and tested the accuracy of each individual step.We evaluated 50 consecutive processing and transfer procedures, simulating the average daily throughput of an endoscopic unit. The endoscopes were removed in adapted tray using a specially designed lifting device and placed in an endoscope storage and venting cabinet. The mean time for the handling of the scope was 104.2 ± 1.2 seconds and an accuracy of 100 % (0 failures in 50 attempts) was achieved.
Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description and evaluation of an automated compliant robotic assistance in the processing of endoscopes. Further development could help to overcome shortcomings of the man handled endoscope processing and could lead to reproducible, standardized and certified endoscope processing.
The Role of Tibial Plateau Angle in Canine Cruciate Ligament Rupture—A Review of the Literature
Authors: Todorović Anastasija Z. , Macanović Mirjana V. Lazarević , Mitrović Marko B. , Krstić Nikola E. , Bree Henri J. J. van , Gielen Ingrid M. L. V. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCranial cruciate ligament disease is a common pathological condition in dogs that is often presented in daily clinical practice. Different risk factors for the development of this condition include breed, sex, age, bodyweight and neuter status, as well as different biological and biomechanical mechanisms. In the literature, special attention has been paid to the role of the tibial plateau angle in damage to the cranial cruciate ligament. Although the disease was first described at the beginning of last century, and since then different surgical methods have been developed to treat it, its aetiology remains unclear. In this review, contemporary literature data related to the role of tibial plateau angle in canine cranial cruciate ligament rupture are presented.
Adolescent Gynecological Surgeries: Cause for Concern
Authors: Anant Monika , Sharma Mrinal , Jha Sangam , Paswan Anita , Pritam Anuja , Raj Priyanka 
Published: July 2022

Introduction
Gynecological surgery in adolescent girls (10–19 years) remains challenging due to remarkable differences in anatomy, physiology and need for fertility preserving conservative surgical approach. We aimed to identify the various gynecological causes, operative outcomes, and need for follow-up surgeries in adolescents.

Methods
A single-center hospital record-based retrospective study was conducted for gynecological surgeries performed on adolescents in a 5-year period with exclusion of obstetrical and nongynecological causes.

Results
Sixty-eight adolescents of mean age 16.77 ± 2.317 years underwent gynecological procedures wherein 63 (92.64%) were postmenarchal girls. Pain abdomen (75%), menstrual abnormality (47%), and abdominal swelling (47%) were their main complaints. Note that 35 (51.4%) surgeries performed were for adnexal masses and 24 (35.3%) for obstructive Mullerian anomalies or neovagina creation. Other indicated surgeries were uterine leiomyoma (4.4%), Bartholin’s cyst (5.8%), and pelvic abscess (1.4%). The mean interval of symptoms to the diagnosis was 1.22 ± 1.381 years while the mean diagnosis to surgery interval was 8.71 ± 5.880 days. A statistically significant difference (243.3 vs. 783.1 days, p < 0.00001) was found in the symptoms to diagnosis interval and the length of hospital stay (difference in means 16 days, p < 0.00001) in the two major operative groups. Minimal access surgery could be completed in 37% of cases. Complications encountered were bowel injury in 5.8%, bladder injury in 2.9%, blood transfusion requirement in 5.8%, and reoperation in 2.94%. Follow-up revealed one death, adjuvant chemotherapy in 7.3%, and suppressive hormone therapy for endometriosis in 13% of operated girls.

Conclusion
Diagnosis of a gynecological presentation is protracted and delayed in adolescents. Both diagnosis and surgery is challenging, and minimal invasive surgery is preferable. Malignancy diagnosis or exclusion, treatment, and follow-up should be prioritized to limit delays in the decision to treat. Timely and appropriate, as far as possible conservative surgery and adherence to follow-up protocols will ensure successful outcomes.
From a general anti-cancer treatment to antioxidant or deer osteoporosis: the consequences of antler as the fastest-growing tissue
Authors: Landete-Castillejos Tomás , Rossetti Alessandra , Garcia Andres J. , de Cabo Carlos , Festuccia Claudio , Luna Salvador , Chonco Louis 
Published: July 2022

Deer antlers are unique because they are cast and regenerate each year. They are the fastest-growing structure, reaching an astonishing growth rate of up to 2.75 cm/day in length and more than 20 cm2/day of skin. Surprisingly, no study so far has assessed the metabolic rate of the antler. High metabolic rate needs highly efficient (or large) mitochondria, and it involves a high creation or reactive oxygen species (ROS), origin of oxidative stress. The speed of creation of ROS and the oxidative stress are inversely related to ageing and many diseases such as cancer or age-related diseases. However, antler must have the most efficient anti-oxidant system, as it rarely shows any departure from a perfect growth. This paper examines recent studies showing surprising applications in medicine of growing-antler extracts, or the information regarding its physiology. A recent study (Wang et al. (2019), Science 364, eaav6335) has shown that antlers have evolved a speed of growth faster than cancer, based on high expression of proto-oncogenes. As a result, deer has evolved tumour-suppression genes to control the high risk of developing cancer. This may explain why several studies have found in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer effects of deer velvet-antler extract in human tumours, such as cell cultures and animal models of cancers such as brain cancer (glioblastoma), prostate cancer, and others. We will also discuss findings in the study of the cyclic osteoporosis of the deer, with unexpected similarities in their proteomics and gene expression with that of the human pathological osteoporosis. Last, we will examine potential applications based on having the highest metabolic rate. If the future studies establish the antler as the tissue having the fastest metabolism and the best antioxidant system, this may have implications for understanding how to fight oxidative stress, which, in turn, will have direct implications for aging and age-related diseases (and others, from cancer to osteoporosis and Alzheimer’s for example). It may also show that velvet-antler extract is a general anti-cancer compound, and this may show the path to find an anti-cancer medicine that has no secondary toxic effects in healthy cells.
Mitochondrial genome undergoes de novo DNA methylation that protects mtDNA against oxidative damage during the peri-implantation window
Authors: Yue Yuan , Ren Likun , Zhang Chao , Miao Kai , Tan Kun , Yang Qianying , Hu Yupei , Xi Guangyin , Luo Gang , Yang Mingyao , Zhang Jingyu , Hou Zhuocheng , An Lei , Tian Jianhui 
Published: July 2022

Mitochondrial remodeling during the peri-implantation stage is the hallmark event essential for normal embryogenesis. Among the changes, enhanced oxidative phosphorylation is critical for supporting high energy demands of postimplantation embryos, but increases mitochondrial oxidative stress, which in turn threatens mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) stability. However, how mitochondria protect their own histone-lacking mtDNA, during this stage remains unclear. Concurrently, the mitochondrial genome gain DNA methylation by this stage. Its spatiotemporal coincidence with enhanced mitochondrial stress led us to ask if mtDNA methylation has a role in maintaining mitochondrial genome stability. Herein, we report that mitochondrial genome undergoes de novo mtDNA methylation that can protect mtDNA against enhanced oxidative damage during the peri-implantation window. Mitochondrial genome gains extensive mtDNA methylation during transition from blastocysts to postimplantation embryos, thus establishing relatively hypermethylated mtDNA from hypomethylated state in blastocysts. Mechanistic study revealed that DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) and DNMT3B enter mitochondria during this process and bind to mtDNA, via their unique mitochondrial targeting sequences. Importantly, loss- and gain-of-function analyses indicated that DNMT3A and DNMT3B are responsible for catalyzing de novo mtDNA methylation, in a synergistic manner. Finally, we proved, in vivo and in vitro, that increased mtDNA methylation functions to protect mitochondrial genome against mtDNA damage induced by increased mitochondrial oxidative stress. Together, we reveal mtDNA methylation dynamics and its underlying mechanism during the critical developmental window. We also provide the functional link between mitochondrial epigenetic remodeling and metabolic changes, which reveals a role for nuclear-mitochondrial crosstalk in establishing mitoepigenetics and maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis.
A ‘partial’ Orientalist
Authors: Liu Min 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Lin Yutang 林语堂 (1895–1976) was a Chinese
American writer based in the USA who produced thirty English works interpreting Chinese philosophy to a western audience between
1936 and 1966. Lin’s critics often accuse him of succumbing to colonial power dynamics between China and the west. Famous
Chinese Short Stories: Retold by Lin Yutang (FCSS), published by the John Day Company in 1952, is a
particularly revealing case in point. FCSS contains twenty tales selected from ancient Chinese culture, edited,
and rewritten in English using western storytelling techniques. In response to critiques of Lin’s works including
FCSS as being Orientalist, I re-examine the intricate process of Lin’s rewriting to reveal a more complex
stance vis-à-vis Orientalism, characterizing his cultural position as that of a ‘partial’ Orientalist. This term implies that Lin
recognizes the potential of Chinese tradition to provide an alternative modernity.
Production mechanism and prediction cross sections of unknown neutron-rich 263–265,267–269Lr isotopes in multinucleon transfer reactions based on the dinuclear system model
Authors: Zhang Xin-rui , Zhang Gen , Li Jing-jing , Liu Zhong , Yang Yong-xu , Zhang Feng-shou 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Within the framework of the dinuclear system model, the production cross sections for producing the new neutron-rich Lr isotopes in the multinucleon transfer reactions with 249Bk and 254Es targets were predicted. The results show that the 124Sn + 254Es reaction has the highest production cross sections, followed by the 130Te + 249Bk reaction. As far as the existing experimental techniques are concerned, 130Te + 249Bk is the most suitable choice. With experimental techniques developing in the future, 124Sn + 254Es is preferable when the thick 254Es target can be prepared. The optimal energy for producing the new neutron-rich Lr isotopes is 1.1 times the Coulomb barrier for both reaction systems, and both reactions produced 263–265,267–269Lr isotopes. The production mechanism of Lr isotopes has been investigated in the 130Te + 249Bk reaction. It is found that the production of Lr isotopes mainly originates from the contribution of quasifission. And the contribution of quasifission gradually decreases with the increase of the incident angular momentum. The final production cross sections for 263–265,267–269Lr in 130Te + 249Bk reaction at E
c.m. = 1.10V
C are 0.22 μb, 0.13 μb, 0.15 μb, 4.45 nb, 0.62 nb, and 0.03 nb, respectively
High-resolution MCP-TimePix3 imaging/timing detector for antimatter physics
Authors: Glöggler L , Caravita R , Auzins M , Bergmann B , Brusa R S , Burian P , Camper A , Castelli F , Cheinet P , Ciuryło R , Comparat D , Consolati G , Doser M , Gjersdal H , Graczykowski Ł , Guatieri F , Haider S , Huck S , Janik M , Kasprowicz G , Khatri G , Kłosowski Ł , Kornakov G , Malbrunot C , Mariazzi S , Nowak L , Nowicka D , Oswald E , Penasa L , Piwiński M , Pospisil S , Povolo L , Prelz F , Rangwala S A , Rienäcker B , Røhne O M , Sandaker H , Sowinski T , Stekl I , Tefelski D , Volponi M , Wolz T , Zimmer C , Zawada M , Zurlo N 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We present a hybrid imaging/timing detector for force sensitive inertial measurements designed for measurements on positronium, the metastable bound state of an electron and a positron, but also suitable for applications involving other low intensity, low energy beams of neutral (antimatter)-atoms, such as antihydrogen. The performance of the prototype detector was evaluated with a tunable low energy positron beam, resulting in a spatial resolution of

≈

12 mm, a detection efficiency of up to 40% and a time-resolution in the order of tens of ns.
Review of sterile neutrino searches at very short-baseline reactor experiments
Authors: Danilov Mikhail 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Search for New Physics beyond the Standard Model is the main direction in particle physics nowadays. There are several experimental hints of New Physics. The most statistically significant (5–6σ) are the hints of eV mass scale sterile neutrinos. They come from

ν

˜

e

disappearance in reactor experiments, ν

e
disappearance in experiments with very powerful radioactive sources, and electron (anti)neutrino appearance in the muon (anti)neutrino beams. Very important results in this field were obtained in 2021 by the BEST, MicroBooNE, and Neutrino-4 collaborations as well as by several other experiments. However, the situation is still or maybe even more controversial. We review these indications of New Physics and prospects for the next few years with the emphasis on reactor experiments.