bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continental Reworking in the Eastern South China Block and Its Adjacent Areas Revealed by F‐J Multimodal Ambient Noise Tomography
Authors: Chen Juqing , Pan Lei , Li Zhengbo , Chen Xiaofei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe eastern South China Block (SCB) has experienced complex and drastic reworking processes since the early Neoproterozoic, the mechanisms of which remain unclear. To better understand the continental reworking mechanisms in the eastern SCB, we imaged the shear‐wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle in the eastern SCB and its adjacent areas with the F‐J multimodal ambient noise tomography method. The seismic ambient noise data were acquired by 652 seismic stations in this area. The shear‐wave velocity model presents widespread mid‐crustal low‐velocity zones (MCLVZs) and upper mantle low‐velocity zones (UMLVZs), the distribution of which shows a good correlation with regional tectonics. The MCLVZs formed due to compositional and structural layering during the late Neoproterozoic to the early Phanerozoic. The disrupted MCLVZs near the Qinling‐Dabie orogen can be linked to metamorphism caused by a continental collision between the SCB and the North China Craton during the Triassic Indosinian event. The thin crustal and lithospheric thicknesses east of the North‐South Gravity Lineament may be the result of asthenospheric upwelling due to the subduction of the Pacific plate since the late Mesozoic. In the areas near the Shaoxing‐Jiangshan‐Pingxiang fault zone and the Tanlu fault zone, upheaval UMLVZs indicate that these ancient fault zones were reactivated by the subduction of the Pacific plate, providing channels for asthenospheric upwelling. Well‐preserved MCLVZs north of the Qinling‐Dabie orogen can be used to assess compressions and extensions induced by the subduction of the Pacific plate.
Metabolic guidance and stress in tumors modulate antigen-presenting cells
Authors: Park Jaeoh , Wang Limei , Ho Ping-Chih 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSuccessful antitumor immunity largely relies on efficient T cell priming by antigen-presenting cells (APCs); however, the capacity of APCs is found to be defective in many cancers. Metabolically reprogrammed cancer cells support the energetic and biosynthetic demands of their high proliferation rates by exploiting nutrients available in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which in turn limits proper metabolic reprogramming of APCs during recruitment, differentiation, activation and antigen presentation. Furthermore, some metabolites generated by the TME are unfavorable to antitumor immunity. This review summarizes recent studies on the metabolic features of APCs and their functionality in the TME. Particularly, we will describe how APCs respond to altered TME and how metabolic byproducts from cancer and immunomodulatory cells affect APCs. Finally, we introduce the current status of APC-oriented research and clinical trials targeting metabolic features to boost efficient immunotherapy.
Enhanced radiation-induced immunogenic cell death activates chimeric antigen receptor T cells by targeting CD39 against glioblastoma
Authors: Sun Ting , Li Yanyan , Yang Ying , Liu Bin , Cao Yufei , Yang Wei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells directed to solid tumors have been less effective, due in part to the low or lost expression of specific tumor antigens. Herein, we developed a different strategy to enhance CAR-T cell persistence and efficacy by producing a multispecific CAR-T or vaccine based on immunogenic cell death (ICD). We demonstrated that ionizing radiation activates STAT1-IRF1-CD39 axis to upregulate CD39 expression to form an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) to enhance radioresistance. CD39 blockade accumulates extracellular ATP, which activates NLRP3 inflammasome in dendritic cells via P2X7 receptor, thereby promoting radiation-induced ICD. Multispecific CAR-T cells in vitro prepared by elevated ICD suppress the growth of xenografts in nude mice. Radiation and CD39 inhibition-induced ICD of glioma stem cells as a vaccine enhance CAR-T expansion in peripheral blood, multifunctionality in the TME, and antitumor effect in a glioma model. The multispecificity of CAR-T cells, targeting CAR and tumor antigens, vastly enhances the function of conventional CAR-T cells, stimulates a native immune response, and overcomes obstacles of specific antigen loss or low expression of target cells in antitumor therapy.
The role of cancer-associated fibroblasts in tumorigenesis of gastric cancer
Authors: Sun Hui , Wang Xu , Wang Xin , Xu Midie , Sheng Weiqi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite advances in anticancer therapy, the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) remains unsatisfactory. Research in recent years has shown that the malignant behavior of cancer is not only attributable to tumor cells but is partly mediated by the activity of the cancer stroma and controlled by various molecular networks in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one of the most abundant mesenchymal cell components of the stroma and extensively participate in the malignant development of GC malignancy. CAFs modulate the biological properties of tumor cells in multiple ways, including the secretion of various bioactive molecules that have effects through paracrine and autocrine signaling, the release of exosomes, and direct interactions, thereby affecting GC initiation and development. However, there is marked heterogeneity in the cellular origins, phenotypes, and functions of CAFs in the TME of GC. Furthermore, variations in factors, such as proteins, microRNAs, and lncRNAs, affect interactions between CAFs and GC cells, although, the potential molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. In this review, we aim to describe the current knowledge of the cellular features and heterogeneity of CAFs and discuss how these factors are regulated in CAFs, with a focus on how they affect GC biology. This review provides mechanistic insight that could inform therapeutic strategies and improve the prognosis of GC patients.
Periodic structural changes in Pd nanoparticles during oscillatory CO oxidation reaction
Authors: Ghosh Tanmay , Arce-Ramos Juan Manuel , Li Wen-Qing , Yan Hongwei , Chee See Wee , Genest Alexander , Mirsaidov Utkur 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNanoparticle (NP) catalysts are ubiquitous in energy systems, chemical production, and reducing the environmental impact of many industrial processes. Under reactive environments, the availability of catalytically active sites on the NP surface is determined by its dynamic structure. However, atomic-scale insights into how a NP surface reconstructs under reaction conditions and the impact of the reconstruction on catalytic activity are still lacking. Using operando transmission electron microscopy, we show that Pd NPs exhibit periodic round–to–flat transitions altering their facets during CO oxidation reaction at atmospheric pressure and elevated temperatures. This restructuring causes spontaneous oscillations in the conversion of CO to CO2 under constant reaction conditions. Our study reveals that the oscillatory behavior stems from the CO-adsorption-mediated periodic restructuring of the nanocatalysts between high-index-faceted round and low-index-faceted flat shapes. These atomic-scale insights into the dynamic surface properties of NPs under reactive conditions play an important role in the design of high-performance catalysts.
Stabilization of three-dimensional charge order through interplanar orbital hybridization in PrxY1−xBa2Cu3O6+δ
Authors: Ruiz Alejandro , Gunn Brandon , Lu Yi , Sasmal Kalyan , Moir Camilla M. , Basak Rourav , Huang Hai , Lee Jun-Sik , Rodolakis Fanny , Boyle Timothy J. , Walker Morgan , He Yu , Blanco-Canosa Santiago , da Silva Neto Eduardo H. , Maple M. Brian , Frano Alex 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe shape of 3d-orbitals often governs the electronic and magnetic properties of correlated transition metal oxides. In the superconducting cuprates, the planar confinement of the $${d}_{{x}^{2}-{y}^{2}}$$

d

x

2

−

y

2

orbital dictates the two-dimensional nature of the unconventional superconductivity and a competing charge order. Achieving orbital-specific control of the electronic structure to allow coupling pathways across adjacent planes would enable direct assessment of the role of dimensionality in the intertwined orders. Using Cu L3 and Pr M5 resonant x-ray scattering and first-principles calculations, we report a highly correlated three-dimensional charge order in Pr-substituted YBa2Cu3O7, where the Pr f-electrons create a direct orbital bridge between CuO2 planes. With this we demonstrate that interplanar orbital engineering can be used to surgically control electronic phases in correlated oxides and other layered materials.
Molecular architecture of the glycogen- committed PP1/PTG holoenzyme
Authors: Semrau Marta Stefania , Giachin Gabriele , Covaceuszach Sonia , Cassetta Alberto , Demitri Nicola , Storici Paola , Lolli Graziano 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe delicate alternation between glycogen synthesis and degradation is governed by the interplay between key regulatory enzymes altering the activity of glycogen synthase and phosphorylase. Among these, the PP1 phosphatase promotes glycogenesis while inhibiting glycogenolysis. PP1 is, however, a master regulator of a variety of cellular processes, being conveniently directed to each of them by scaffolding subunits. PTG, Protein Targeting to Glycogen, addresses PP1 action to glycogen granules. In Lafora disease, the most aggressive pediatric epilepsy, genetic alterations leading to PTG accumulation cause the deposition of insoluble polyglucosans in neurons. Here, we report the crystallographic structure of the ternary complex PP1/PTG/carbohydrate. We further refine the mechanism of the PTG-mediated PP1 recruitment to glycogen by identifying i) an unusual combination of recruitment sites, ii) their contributions to the overall binding affinity, and iii) the conformational heterogeneity of this complex by in solution SAXS analyses.
Controlled large non-reciprocal charge transport in an intrinsic magnetic topological insulator MnBi2Te4
Authors: Zhang Zhaowei , Wang Naizhou , Cao Ning , Wang Aifeng , Zhou Xiaoyuan , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Yan Binghai , Gao Wei-bo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSymmetries, quantum geometries and electronic correlations are among the most important ingredients of condensed matters, and lead to nontrivial phenomena in experiments, for example, non-reciprocal charge transport. Of particular interest is whether the non-reciprocal transport can be manipulated. Here, we report the controllable large non-reciprocal charge transport in the intrinsic magnetic topological insulator MnBi2Te4. The current direction relevant resistance is observed at chiral edges, which is magnetically switchable, edge position sensitive and stacking sequence controllable. Applying gate voltage can also effectively manipulate the non-reciprocal response. The observation and manipulation of non-reciprocal charge transport reveals the fundamental role of chirality in charge transport of MnBi2Te4, and pave ways to develop van der Waals spintronic devices by chirality engineering.
The genome and lifestage-specific transcriptomes of a plant-parasitic nematode and its host reveal susceptibility genes involved in trans-kingdom synthesis of vitamin B5
Authors: Siddique Shahid , Radakovic Zoran S. , Hiltl Clarissa , Pellegrin Clement , Baum Thomas J. , Beasley Helen , Bent Andrew F. , Chitambo Oliver , Chopra Divykriti , Danchin Etienne G. J. , Grenier Eric , Habash Samer S. , Hasan M. Shamim , Helder Johannes , Hewezi Tarek , Holbein Julia , Holterman Martijn , Janakowski Sławomir , Koutsovoulos Georgios D. , Kranse Olaf P. , Lozano-Torres Jose L. , Maier Tom R. , Masonbrink Rick E. , Mendy Badou , Riemer Esther , Sobczak Mirosław , Sonawala Unnati , Sterken Mark G. , Thorpe Peter , van Steenbrugge Joris J. M. , Zahid Nageena , Grundler Florian , Eves-van den Akker Sebastian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPlant-parasitic nematodes are a major threat to crop production in all agricultural systems. The scarcity of classical resistance genes highlights a pressing need to find new ways to develop nematode-resistant germplasm. Here, we sequence and assemble a high-quality phased genome of the model cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii to provide a platform for the first system-wide dual analysis of host and parasite gene expression over time, covering all major parasitism stages. Analysis of the hologenome of the plant-nematode infection site identified metabolic pathways that were incomplete in the parasite but complemented by the host. Using a combination of bioinformatic, genetic, and biochemical approaches, we show that a highly atypical completion of vitamin B5 biosynthesis by the parasitic animal, putatively enabled by a horizontal gene transfer from a bacterium, is required for full pathogenicity. Knockout of either plant-encoded or now nematode-encoded steps in the pathway significantly reduces parasitic success. Our experiments establish a reference for cyst nematodes, further our understanding of the evolution of plant-parasitism by nematodes, and show that congruent differential expression of metabolic pathways in the infection hologenome represents a new way to find nematode susceptibility genes. The approach identifies genome-editing-amenable targets for future development of nematode-resistant crops.
Coupling photocatalytic water oxidation with reductive transformations of organic molecules
Authors: Tian Xinzhe , Guo Yinggang , An Wankai , Ren Yun-Lai , Qin Yuchen , Niu Caoyuan , Zheng Xin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe utilization of readily available and non-toxic water by photocatalytic water splitting is highly attractive in green chemistry. Herein we report that light-induced oxidative half-reaction of water splitting is effectively coupled with reduction of organic compounds, which provides a light-induced avenue to use water as an electron donor to enable reductive transformations of organic substances. The present strategy allows various aryl bromides to undergo smoothly the reductive coupling with Pd/g-C3N4* as the photocatalyst, giving a pollutive reductant-free method for synthesizing biaryl skeletons. Moreover, the use of green visible-light energy endows this process with more advantages including mild conditions and good functional group tolerance. Although this method has some disadvantages such as a use of environmentally unfriendly 1,2-dioxane, an addition of Na2CO3 and so on, it can guide chemists to use water as a reducing agent to develop clean procedures for various organic reactions.
HBEGF-TNF induce a complex outer retinal pathology with photoreceptor cell extrusion in human organoids
Authors: Völkner Manuela , Wagner Felix , Steinheuer Lisa Maria , Carido Madalena , Kurth Thomas , Yazbeck Ali , Schor Jana , Wieneke Stephanie , Ebner Lynn J. A. , Del Toro Runzer Claudia , Taborsky David , Zoschke Katja , Vogt Marlen , Canzler Sebastian , Hermann Andreas , Khattak Shahryar , Hackermüller Jörg , Karl Mike O. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHuman organoids could facilitate research of complex and currently incurable neuropathologies, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) which causes blindness. Here, we establish a human retinal organoid system reproducing several parameters of the human retina, including some within the macula, to model a complex combination of photoreceptor and glial pathologies. We show that combined application of TNF and HBEGF, factors associated with neuropathologies, is sufficient to induce photoreceptor degeneration, glial pathologies, dyslamination, and scar formation: These develop simultaneously and progressively as one complex phenotype. Histologic, transcriptome, live-imaging, and mechanistic studies reveal a previously unknown pathomechanism: Photoreceptor neurodegeneration via cell extrusion. This could be relevant for aging, AMD, and some inherited diseases. Pharmacological inhibitors of the mechanosensor PIEZO1, MAPK, and actomyosin each avert pathogenesis; a PIEZO1 activator induces photoreceptor extrusion. Our model offers mechanistic insights, hypotheses for neuropathologies, and it could be used to develop therapies to prevent vision loss or to regenerate the retina in patients suffering from AMD and other diseases.
The metabolic effects of adding exenatide to basal insulin therapy when targeting remission in early type 2 diabetes in a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Retnakaran Ravi , Ye Chang , Emery Alexandra , Kramer Caroline K. , Zinman Bernard 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCombining a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP1-RA) with basal insulin is an emerging option when initiating injectable therapy in longstanding type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Recognizing that short-term insulin therapy can improve beta-cell function and induce glycemic remission in early T2DM, we hypothesized that adding the short-acting GLP1-RA exenatide to basal insulin in early T2DM may enhance the achievability of these outcomes. In this completed, 20-week, open-label, parallel-arm trial at an academic hospital, 103 individuals aged 30–80 years with <7 years duration of T2DM were randomized (by computer-generated sequence) to 8-weeks treatment with (i) insulin glargine (Glar; n = 33), (ii) glargine + thrice-daily lispro (Glar/Lispro; n = 35), or (iii) glargine + twice-daily exenatide (Glar/Exenatide; n = 35), followed by 12-weeks washout. The analyzed population of 102 participants (median 3.5 years of T2DM, A1c 6.6% ±0.7%) consisted of 33 on Glar, 35 on Glar/Lispro and 34 on Glar/Exenatide. Oral glucose tolerance tests at baseline, 4-weeks, 8-weeks and 20-weeks enabled assessment of beta-cell function (Insulin Secretion-Sensitivity Index-2 (ISSI-2)) and glycemic control. Mean ISSI-2 over the 8-week intervention (primary outcome) did not differ across the groups (Glar/Exenatide 237 ± 11; Glar/Lispro 208 ± 11; Glar 223 ± 11; p = 0.19). Baseline-adjusted A1c at 8-weeks (secondary outcome) was lowest in Glar/Exenatide followed by Glar/Lispro and Glar (mean 5.9% vs 6.0% vs 6.2%; p = 0.0007). After 12-weeks washout, however, neither baseline-adjusted A1c nor baseline-adjusted ISSI-2 (secondary outcomes) differed between the groups, nor did (additional outcome) rates of remission (Glar/Exenatide 26.7%, Glar/Lispro 43.8%, Glar 32.1%; p = 0.35). There were no severe hypoglycemia episodes. In conclusion, adding exenatide to basal insulin in early T2DM does not further enhance underlying beta-cell function or the capacity to achieve diabetes remission, despite yielding on-treatment glycemic benefit.
Host genetic factors related to innate immunity, environmental sensing and cellular functions are associated with human skin microbiota
Authors: Moitinho-Silva Lucas , Degenhardt Frauke , Rodriguez Elke , Emmert Hila , Juzenas Simonas , Möbus Lena , Uellendahl-Werth Florian , Sander Nicole , Baurecht Hansjörg , Tittmann Lukas , Lieb Wolfgang , Gieger Christian , Peters Annette , Ellinghaus David , Bang Corinna , Franke Andre , Weidinger Stephan , Rühlemann Malte Christoph 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite the increasing knowledge about factors shaping the human microbiome, the host genetic factors that modulate the skin-microbiome interactions are still largely understudied. This contrasts with recent efforts to characterize host genes that influence the gut microbiota. Here, we investigated the effect of genetics on skin microbiota across three different skin microenvironments through meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of two population-based German cohorts. We identified 23 genome-wide significant loci harboring 30 candidate genes involved in innate immune signaling, environmental sensing, cell differentiation, proliferation and fibroblast activity. However, no locus passed the strict threshold for study-wide significance (P < 6.3 × 10−10for 80 features included in the analysis). Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis indicated the influence of staphylococci on eczema/dermatitis and suggested modulating effects of the microbiota on other skin diseases. Finally, transcriptional profiles of keratinocytes significantly changed after in vitro co-culturing withStaphylococcus epidermidis, chosen as a representative of skin commensals. Seven candidate genes from the GWAS were found overlapping with differential expression in the co-culturing experiments, warranting further research of the skin commensal and host genetic makeup interaction.
Search for Dark Matter Axions with CAST-CAPP
Authors: Adair C. M. , Altenmüller K. , Anastassopoulos V. , Arguedas Cuendis S. , Baier J. , Barth K. , Belov A. , Bozicevic D. , Bräuninger H. , Cantatore G. , Caspers F. , Castel J. F. , Çetin S. A. , Chung W. , Choi H. , Choi J. , Dafni T. , Davenport M. , Dermenev A. , Desch K. , Döbrich B. , Fischer H. , Funk W. , Galan J. , Gardikiotis A. , Gninenko S. , Golm J. , Hasinoff M. D. , Hoffmann D. H. H. , Díez Ibáñez D. , Irastorza I. G. , Jakovčić K. , Kaminski J. , Karuza M. , Krieger C. , Kutlu Ç. , Lakić B. , Laurent J. M. , Lee J. , Lee S. , Luzón G. , Malbrunot C. , Margalejo C. , Maroudas M. , Miceli L. , Mirallas H. , Obis L. , Özbey A. , Özbozduman K. , Pivovaroff M. J. , Rosu M. , Ruz J. , Ruiz-Chóliz E. , Schmidt S. , Schumann M. , Semertzidis Y. K. , Solanki S. K. , Stewart L. , Tsagris I. , Vafeiadis T. , Vogel J. K. , Vretenar M. , Youn S. , Zioutas K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe CAST-CAPP axion haloscope, operating at CERN inside the CAST dipole magnet, has searched for axions in the 19.74 μeV to 22.47 μeV mass range. The detection concept follows the Sikivie haloscope principle, where Dark Matter axions convert into photons within a resonator immersed in a magnetic field. The CAST-CAPP resonator is an array of four individual rectangular cavities inserted in a strong dipole magnet, phase-matched to maximize the detection sensitivity. Here we report on the data acquired for 4124 h from 2019 to 2021. Each cavity is equipped with a fast frequency tuning mechanism of 10 MHz/ min between 4.774 GHz and 5.434 GHz. In the present work, we exclude axion-photon couplings for virialized galactic axions down to gaγγ = 8 × 10−14 GeV−1 at the 90% confidence level. The here implemented phase-matching technique also allows for future large-scale upgrades.
P300 promotes tumor recurrence by regulating radiation-induced conversion of glioma stem cells to vascular-like cells
Authors: Muthukrishnan Sree Deepthi , Kawaguchi Riki , Nair Pooja , Prasad Rachna , Qin Yue , Johnson Maverick , Wang Qing , VanderVeer-Harris Nathan , Pham Amy , Alvarado Alvaro G. , Condro Michael C. , Gao Fuying , Gau Raymond , Castro Maria G. , Lowenstein Pedro R. , Deb Arjun , Hinman Jason D. , Pajonk Frank , Burns Terry C. , Goldman Steven A. , Geschwind Daniel H. , Kornblum Harley I. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGlioma stem cells (GSC) exhibit plasticity in response to environmental and therapeutic stress leading to tumor recurrence, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we employ single-cell and whole transcriptomic analyses to uncover that radiation induces a dynamic shift in functional states of glioma cells allowing for acquisition of vascular endothelial-like and pericyte-like cell phenotypes. These vascular-like cells provide trophic support to promote proliferation of tumor cells, and their selective depletion results in reduced tumor growth post-treatment in vivo. Mechanistically, the acquisition of vascular-like phenotype is driven by increased chromatin accessibility and H3K27 acetylation in specific vascular genes allowing for their increased expression post-treatment. Blocking P300 histone acetyltransferase activity reverses the epigenetic changes induced by radiation and inhibits the adaptive conversion of GSC into vascular-like cells and tumor growth. Our findings highlight a role for P300 in radiation-induced stress response, suggesting a therapeutic approach to prevent glioma recurrence.