bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Honeysuckle Aphid in Potted Nursery Stock, ft. Collins, Co, 1985
Authors: Wawrzynski Robert P. , Cranshaw Whitney S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Honeysuckle shrubs, 2-3 ft in height, that had been transplanted to 3-gal nursery cans in mid-May were heavily infested with honeysuckle witches broom aphid. Infested shrubs were divided into 5 replications with each potted shrub comprising a treatment. Plants were treated 19 Jul using 1 qt of emulsion poured around the base of the plants. Evaluations were 24 Jul and 5 Aug by counting all living aphids/plant.
Control of Twospotted Spider Mite on Hydrangea, 1985
Authors: Yost J. T. , Ferrentino G. W. , Parrella M. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A completely randomized design was used, with 5 plants (in 5-gal pots) per treatment. Samples consisted of 2 leaves randomly selected from infested terminals on each of the 5 plants, for a total sample of 10 leaves per treatment for each sample date. Materials were applied 2 Jul, using a 2.5 gpm Arimitsu sprayer at 250 psi through a Spray Systems 5003 nozzle. To evaluate population densities, the bottom surfaces of sample leaves were sprayed with hair spray to immobilize mites, and the number of post-embryonic mites was counted using a binocular microscope.
Insecticide Efficacy Against Twospotted Spider Mites, Georgia, 1985
Authors: Oetting Ronald D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five acaricides were tested against twospotted spider mites on Irish shamrock grown in 4.5 inch square pots in the greenhouse. The plants only had a low to moderate infestation level at the beginning of the experiment. The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications of single pot treatments. All acaricides were applied with a compressed air sprayer at 30-35 psi until runoff. Pretreatment counts were made the day of pesticide application. Efficacy was determined bv removing 3 leaves from each plant and counting the number of mites and eggs in, a 2 cm2 area on the lower surface of each leaf.
Juniper, Spruce Spider Mite Control, 1985
Authors: Schultz P. B. , Coffelt M. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On 10 Jun in a residential area in Virginia Beach, VA. Treatments were randomly assigned to junipers, with 12 plants per treatment. Insecticides were applied using a 1-gal B&G compressed air sprayer at 30 psi, and junipers were treated to runoff. Pretreatment counts were made 1 wk before treatment and the day of treatment. Posttreatment counts were made 1 wk and 8 days after treatment. Number of mites were counted on 4 terminals 5 cm long. Temperature at time of treatment was 93°F and 1.92 inches of rainfall fell between application and evaluation.
Effects of Dimilin on Red Oak Borer Fertility, 1981
Authors: Galford Jimmy R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Red oak borer adults used in this evaluation were reared on an artificial diet in the laboratory. Treatments were made by dipping the distal half of abdomens of 7-day-old sexually mature male and female adults (treatments 1 and 2) and 1-day-old immature female adults (treatment 3) for 10 s in a 10 mg/ml technical grade dimilin/acetone solution. Controls were 7-day-old sexually mature male and female adults treated with acetone only (treatment 4). Treated 1-day-old beetles were held for 6 days to allow sexual maturation before mating to untreated males. There were 3 replications of each treatment of 10 beetles, except treatment 3, which was replicated twice. All life stages were kept at 30°C in a dark room.
Baythroid Causes Phytotoxicity on White Oak, 1984
Authors: Schreiber L. R. , Krause C. R. , Mayer J. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Greenhouse-grown, 10 to 12-inch plants were tested to investigate phytotoxicity of Baythroid. Plants were grown in 2-qt pots using a 2:2:1 peat:perlite:soil mix and were placed on a greenhouse bench. Each treatment had 4 replications arranged in a completely randomized design. The chemical was sprayed to run-off with a 2-gal hand pump sprayer (20 p.s.i.) at weekly intervals from 13 Apr to 4 May.
Bedding Plant Phytotoxicity Evaluations, Summer, California, 1985
Authors: Robb K. L. , Yost J. T. , Virzi J. K. , Parrella M. P. , Wada R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Phytotoxicity trials on bedding plants, Los Angeles, Co., CA, evaluated the effects of 1X, 2X and 4X rates of Avid 0.15E (0.01 lb (AI)/acre), Broot 50W, Dimilin 25W, Zolone 3E, and Evisect 50SP (1X = 0.5 lb (AI)/100 gal). One flat, containing 9 pony paks with 6 plants, was evaluated per treatment rate for each species. The materials were applied to runoff with a 2.5 gpm piston pump hand sprayer at 180 psi on 15 Jul (temp = 25-28°C). Phytotoxicity readings were compared to a water check 22 and 29 Jul.
Apple, Full Season Insecticide Test, 1985
Authors: Howitt Angus J. , Hays Alan R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied to a completely randomized block. Each treatment consisted of single trees replicated 4 times. Sprays were applied in 116 gal of finished spray per acre by a Bean orchard sprayer. Sprays were applied 11 May at petal fall (PF), 25 May, 6 Jun, 19 Jun, 1 Jul, 14 Jul, 27 Jul, 8 Aug, 20 Aug and 4 Sep 85. Evaluations were made by examining 100 apples per replication for injury and categorizing injuries by their respective pest. A single mite count was made in midseason by collecting 50 leaves from each replication and brushing them in a mite brushing machine. Resulting plates were examined using a stereo binocular microscope recording numbers of ERM and predaceous mites on each plate.
Effectiveness of Norpine-65 for Protection of Lodgepole Pines from Mountain Beetle for Two Years. 1985
Authors: Richmond Charles E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Norpine-65 is a mixture of terpene hydrocarbons extracted from pulp waste as a by-product of the paper industry. Commercially used as a paint additive and industrial disinfectant, Norpine-65 is not currently registered as an insecticide. The test was conducted on the Dillon Ranges District of the Arapaho-Roosevelt National Forest in the vicinity of Lake Dillon, Colorado. Sixty unattacked lodgpole pine (minimum 18 cm dbh) were selected at 160-m intervals.
Control of Combined Populations of Dioryctria Ponderosae and D. Tumicolella, Two Phloem Borers of Pine, 1984
Authors: Harrell Mark O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two insecticide treatments were evaluated for effectiveness in controlling a combined population of Dioryctria ponderosae and D. tumicolella in a 1.0 ha planting of ponderosa pine in the Nebraska National Forest, Bessey Ranger District, near Halsey, Nebraska. Trees were 2 to 3-m tall. Each treatment and an untreated control were replicated 10 times. The treatments were insecticide stem drenches sprayed to the point of runoff on the trunk and branches with 2-gal compressed air sprayers. Each insecticide was applied 4 times at 2 wk intervals beginning 22 Jun and ending 31 Jul. This period corresponds to the period when most first-instar D. ponderosae larvae are beginning to bore into the stems; D. tumicolella larvae are already in their tunnels. The number of larvae per tree was determined in late Aug by counting the number of new pitch masses produced by the insects.
Control of Dioryctria Tumicolella, a Phloem Borer of Pine, 1983
Authors: Harrell Mark O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five insecticide treatments were evaluated for effectiveness in controlling Dioryctria tumicolella in 1.0 ha and 0.5 ha windbreak plantings of ponderosa pine near O’Neill and Burwell, Nebraska, respectively. Trees were 2 to 3-m tall. Each treatment and an untreated control were replicated 6 times at the site near O’Neill and 4 times at the site near Burwell. Stem drench treatments were sprayed to the point of run-off on the trunk and branches with two-gal compressed air sprayers. Trunk implants were put into holes drilled into the trunk 15 cm above the soil line. The soil treatment was put into holes 2.5 cm in diameter, 20 cm deep, and spaced 0.4 m apart around the drip line of the tree. Soils at both sites were very sandy. The trunk implants and soil treatments were applied 7 Apr.
Control of Hawthorn Lace Bugs on Pyracantha, 1985
Authors: Pinkston Ken , Price Richard , Gladin Jodie , Freeman Richard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Hawthorn lace bug control was evaluated on a pyracantha hedge, treatments were made 8 Aug. Approximately 300 ft of hedge was utilized and the treatments were randomized and replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Each treatment consisted of a 10-ft section, 4 to 5 ft high. Treatments were made with a FMC DM010 sprayer at 100 psi. Temperature and wind velocity at the time of application was 85°F and 1-6 mph, respectively. Infestations were determined by counting adults and nymphs on 6 inches of terminal branch at 6 locations in each replication.
Control of Japanese Beetle Adults on Rose, 1985
Authors: Klein M. G. , Moyseenko J. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The container grown roses were trimmed 3 wk prior to spraying and fertilized to provide similar sized plants. Blossoms were trimmed as they opened throughout the test period. Four 3-plant replicates were arranged in a randomized complete block in a mowed field in Wooster, OH. Roses were sprayed on 16 Jul. Conventional treatments were applied with a hand-pumped, compressed air sprayer to the point of runoff. Sevin XLR+ “ULVA” was applied with an ultra-low volume applicator at 1 part XLR in 11 parts water to the point when a mist enveloped the plant. Treatments were evaluated by counting the number of beetles feeding on the plants (this provided an avg. no. per replicate from the 3 plants in the replicate) and by taking feeding injury ratings. The injury ratings were 0-10% damaged leaves = 0, 10-25% = 1, 25-40% = 2, 40-60% = 3, 60-75% = 4, 75-90% = 5, 90-100% = 6 (individual ratings were taken, then averaged for a single rating per replicate). Injury ratings were taken throughout the test period but only the final rating is shown. 1.19 inch rain occurred during the test period.
Apple, Full Season Insecticide Test, 1985
Authors: Howitt Angus J. , Hays Alan R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied to a completely randomized block. Each treatment consisted of single trees replicated 4 times. Sprays were applied 30 Apr at pink (P), 10 May at petal fall (PF), 24 May, 5 Jun, 17 Jun, 30 Jun, 12 Jul, 24 Jul, 7 Aug, 19 Aug and 3 Sep 85. Sprays were applied in 190 gal of finished spray per acre by a Bean orchard sprayer. Evaluations were made by examining 100 apples per replication for injury and categorizing injuries by their respective pest. A single mite count was made in midseason by collecting 50 leaves from each replication and brushing them in a mite brushing machine. Resulting plates were examined using a stereo binocular microscope recording numbers of ERM and predaceous mites on each plate.
Phytotoxicity and Efficacy of Zolone for Control of Green Peach Aphid on Zinnia, 1984
Authors: Halfhill J. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Peter Pan and ‘Button Box’ zinnias were seeded into 6-inch pots containing a 1:1 mixture of peat moss and sand, with dolomitic lime fertilizer on 6 Feb. The greenhouse temperature ranged from 65 to 75°F. Natural lighting was supplemented with 500 ft-candles (plant level) of fluorescent lighting for 16 h each day. Zolone was applied to the blooming plants at 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 lb (AI)/acre on 12 and 23 Apr, and on 3 May using a hand compression sprayer and 100 gpa. There were 5 replicates for each variety/treatment. Each replicate pot contained 2 plants. Pots were subirrigated as needed. Efficacy was determined by counting the aphids on 5 leaves taken randomly from the top third of each of the 12-inch plants in each pot 5 days after the final application. Phytotoxicity was determined just prior to leaf extraction.
Candidate Fumigants for Control of Caribbean Fruit Fly, 1983-1984
Authors: Benschoter C. A. , King J. R. , McGovern T. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The chemical compounds listed below were tested for effectiveness as fumigants against laboratory-reared, mature fruit fly larvae. Ethylene dibromide was used as the standard for comparison. All compounds were reagent grade (99% pure) or better. Fumigation containers were 3.8-liter widemouth glass jars with teflon-lined, screw-cap lids. An open petri dish containing 100 naked larvae was placed on a wire rack in each jar. Test chemicals were then pipetted onto 11-cm filter papers which were placed in the jars under the rack, and the lids were fastened in place. Jars were placed on their sides to minimize settling effects. All tests were conducted at 24°C and 50% RH. After exposure, larvae were placed in moist vermiculite, held at 27°C, and allowed to complete development. Survival was based on the number of insects that reached the adult stage. A two-phase testing procedure was used to evaluate the chemicals. The first phase was designed to eliminate compounds that were not effective at high dosage-time combinations, and involved exposure of larvae to 16, 32, and 64 g/m3 for 4 h (1 replicate). High mortality in the initial tests qualified compounds for second-phase testing. This involved exposing larvae to a series of lower dosages (2 replicates) for only 2 h, so LD values could be determined. Data were first corrected for natural mortality in the controls by Abbott’s formula. Then probit mortality was plotted against the logarithm of dosage and examined by eye to determine that linear regression was appropriate. Data were subjected to a computer programmed probit analysis to estimate the LD50, LD95, and LD99 dosages.
Candidate Pesticides for Quarantine use Against Tropical Fruit Flies, 1981-1985
Authors: Windeguth D. L. von , Arner A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seventy-eight insecticides combinations of insecticides, or different doses of toxicant were evaluated against laboratory reared fruit flies. These toxicants were evaluated foi use in preventing the international spread of agriculturally important fruit flies. The toxicants were evaluated as aerosols and dusts. The test insect-were confined in 1 pt screened cages attached to the midpoint of 3 walls and the ceilings of transport trailers with a volume of ca. 70 m3 (4 cages/trailer). There were ca. 100 adult flies per cage and tests were generally replicated 3 or more times.
Synergized or Unsynergized Permethrin for House Fly Control in Caged Layer Buildings, 1985
Authors: Hall R. D. , Jaynes W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This experiment was applied in separate, identical caged layer houses ca. 930 m2 each. Such houses contained ca. 10,000 Single Comb White Leghorn (Heisdorf and Nelson) 1-yr-old laying hens in single-tier raised wire cages suspended over shallow manure pits. The sides were open and the houses were separated by ca. 33 m. General sanitary conditions were poor; however, house flies had been controlled effectively with sprays of permethrin emulsifiable concentrate (EC) the previous year. Materials tested included 1) 0.1% active ingredient (AI) Permectrin permethrin EC in 37.9 liters water, 2) 0.1% AI permethrin with 0.2% AI piperonyl butoxide (PBO) in 37.9 liters water, 3) 0.2% AI PBO in 37.9 liters water, 4) 0.1% AI permethrin in 12.5 liters soybean oil, and 5) 0.1% AI permethrin with 0.2% AI PBO in 12.5 liters soybean oil. A second trial included 1) 0.1% AI permethrin with 0.2% PBO in 37.9 liters water, and 2) 0.3% AI permethrin with 0.6% AI PBO in 12.5 liters soybean oil. The materials were applied to the walls, celing and related superstructure of test houses by using a gasoline-powered backpack sprayer which produced a spray velocity of ca. 100 m/sec. In all cases, measured amounts of insecticide were expended evenly throughout the houses. Identical, proximate houses were left untreated and served as controls. House fly population levels were assessed prior to and at regular intervals after treatment by using 7.6 by 12.7 cm white cards to record fly specks. A total of 6 such cards was employed per house, and all cards were situated for 24 h periods in identical locations in test and control houses.
Apple, Apollo Eup Evaluation, 1985
Authors: Hull L. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The trial was conducted in 2 adjacent blocks (13 acres each) of a commercial apple orchard in the Buchanan Valley, near Arendtsville, PA. One block was further divided into two 6.5-acre blocks which were treated with both rates of Apollo. Six ‘York Imperial’ apple trees were randomly selected in each block for monitoring. Treatments were applied using the alternate-row middle technique with a Myers airblast sprayer calibrated to deliver 50 gpa at 2 mph. Spray dates for Apollo treatments were: 20 and 22 Apr; 6 and 18 Jul (only 59 ml/acre rate). Rates of acaricides and application dates for the standard block were Carzol 228 g/acre (3 May both sides), Plictran 363 g/acre (20 and 28 May, 2 half-sprays), Kelthane 1.324 liters/acre (14 Jun, 1 half-spray), Carzol 340 g/acre (25 Jun, 1 half-spray). Amounts are listed as complete sprays. All blocks received the same insecticide and fungicide schedule. The effect of sprays on ERM was evaluated by counting mites on samples of 15 leaves/tree (6 trees/treatment). The mite predator S. punctum was monitored by making 3-min counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of the trees.
Apple, Dilute Test of Insecticides, 1985
Authors: Hull L. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental sprays were applied to run-off to single-tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of 2 replicates of Golden Delicious and 2 replicates of York Imperial. Treated single trees were separated by others not sprayed with insecticides. Sprays were applied with a John Bean sprayer, 35 gpm pump, equipped with a spray mast carrying spray guns arranged to wet the uniformly trimmed trees. Approximately 8.0 gal of spray were applied per replicate. Dates of application were: M0070616 treatments only—18 Apr, 8 and 22 May, 5 and 26 Jun, 17 Jul, 7 and 21 Aug; all other treatments—8 and 22 May, 5 and 19 Jun, 10 and 24 Jul, 7 and 21 Aug. Guthion 50WP (114 g/100 gal) was substituted for Brigade on 22 May, 19 Jun, 10 Jul, and 21 Aug. Brigade was increased to 91 g/100 gal on 5 Jun, 24 Jul, and 7 Aug. Pounce 3.2EC (30 ml/100 gal) was substituted for CME-13406 on 8 May. Guthion 50WP (114 g/100 gal) was substituted for CME-13406 on 19 Jun, 10 and 24 Jul; and for UC-SF-27 on 8 and 22 May. Kelthane 4F (473 ml/100 gal) was added to all M0070616 treatments except for the high rate of SDO 14114 on 26 Jun. Plictran 50WP (227 g/acre/half spray) was applied to all plots on 10 and 28 May. During the season general sprays involving Cyprex, Polyram, Benlate, Topsin M, Captan, Zineb, and calcium chloride were applied with an airblast sprayer at 50 gpa to the whole experimental block. Effectiveness on apple aphid was evaluated by counting aphid-infested leaves/10 top terminals, and aphids/most infested leaf. The effect of sprays on WALH was evaluated by counting nymphs/25 leaves/tree. Effectiveness of test chemicals on ERM, TSSM and predatory mites was evaluated by counting mites several times during the season on samples of 20 leaves/tree, 80 leaves/treatment. The effect of sprays on the predators S. punctum and H. vitripennis was evaluated by 3-min counts of adults and larvae and adults and nymphs, respectively, around the periphery of test trees. Effectiveness of chemicals on fruit feeders was assessed by scoring for injury all drops after 1 Jul and two picked samples on 14 Aug and 11 Sep. Apple samples averaged 123 fruits/replicate and 492/treatment. Pest pressure was heavy throughout the season. Russet ratings are based on 30 Golden Delicious apples/replicate, 120 treatment. Fruits are rated as 1 (no russeting), 2 (light russeting), 3 (moderate russeting), or 4 (severe russeting). Possible ranges were: 30-60 (none to light), 60-90 (light to moderate), 90-120 (moderate to severe).
APple
Authors: Pfeiffer D. , Ponton L. , Varn M. , Boucher T. , Smothers V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Apollo Bate Trial, 1985: Each plot at Roseland, VA consisted of 0.24 ha (0.6A). Sprays were applied at pink stage of bud development (12 Apr) with a truck-mounted Swanson sprayer. Applications were made at 551.4 liters/ha (59 gal/A) (3 × concentration, equivalent to 1645 liters/ha (176 gal/A)). Mites were evaluated from 4 trees per treatment, using a leaf-brushing machine and 20 leaves per replicate. On 21 Jun (after leaves were collected), plots 1, 2 and 5 were sprayed with Kelthane 4F because of excessive bronzing in this commercial orchard. Plots 3 and 4 were sprayed with Carzol 92SP when mite densities exceeded a threshold (5 mites/leaf until 1 Jul, 10 mites/leaf thereafter).
Apple, San Jose Scale Trial, 1985
Authors: Pfeiffer D. , Ponton L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pesticides were applied to mature ‘Delicious’ trees in Fairfield, Va. Two applications were directed against each of 2 generations of SJS. Spray dates were 30 May, 14 Jun, 5 Aug and 16 Aug. Each treatment included 4 single-tree replicates in a completely randomized design. An unsprayed buffer tree was left between each sprayed tree. Applications were made with a truck-mounted Swanson sprayer with a handgun attachment. Scale populations were assessed by counting SJS-infested fruit after each generation of crawlers had settled (on 8 Jul and 17 Sep, respectively). Fifty fruit per tree were examined.
Apple, Acaricide Trial, 1985
Authors: Pfeiffer D. , Ponton L. , Varn M. , Boucher J. , Smothers V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Several acaricides were evaluated against mites in an apple block at Steeles Tavern. Four, single-tree replicates were used in a completely randomized design. Spray dates were 3 Jun and 13 Aug. Applications were made using a truck-mounted Swanson sprayer with a handgun attachment. Trees were sprayed to drip (ca. 1869 liters/ha (200 gal/A)). Unsprayed buffer trees were left between each replicate. Mites were evaluated using a leaf-brushing machine and 20 leaves per replicate. Because of low ERM densities in all plots, a spray of fenvalerate (1.17 liters/ha (1 pt/A)) was applied on 16 Jul.
Apple, Post-Bloom Control of Apple Pandemis, 1985
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Smith L. O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fenoxycarb was compared with Lorsban for control of pandemis leafroller larvae in post-bloom sprays. Both materials were applied in a dilute spray to the point of drip (approximately 400 gal/A) using a hand gun sprayer at 400-500 psi to a block of 7-year-old apple trees containing 33 trees each. Treatments were applied about 2 wk after petal fall on 20 May when leafroller larvae were predominantly in the 4th and 5th instar. Treatments were evaluated on 30 Jul when larvae from summer generation were present. Insecticide treatments were compared with an untreated block of trees adjacent to treated areas. Ten trees were randomly selected from each block and examined for live larvae. Mites were sampled bi-weekly from mid-June through mid-Sep. Fifty leaves (5 per tree) were selected at random from each block, returned to the laboratory, brushed and mites counted. Mite densities are presented as mean mites per leaf for the growing season.
Pear, Full Season Psylla Test, 1985
Authors: Howitt Angus J. , Hays Alan R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments consisted of single trees replicated 4 times in a completely randomized design. Materials were applied dilute by handgun on 7 May (petal fall), 4 Jun and 2 Jul. On each sample date 50 leaves were randomly sampled from each of the 4 trees. A subsample of 25 leaves were examined for psylla nymphs using a stereo microscope. All 50 leaves were then brushed in a mite brushing machine and the number of rust mites recorded for 8 sections.