bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stock market reactions of Malaysian firms and industries towards events surrounding COVID-19 announcements and number of confirmed cases
Authors: Aldhamari Redhwan , Ku Ismail Ku Nor Izah , Al-Sabri Haithm Mohammed Hamood , Saleh Mousa Sharaf Adin Hezam 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the stock market reactions of firms and industries in Malaysia to the government’s COVID-19 movement control order (MCO) announcement. As China is Malaysia’s leading trading partner, the authors also observe if the Chinese Government’s confirmation of human-to-human coronavirus transmission affects firms’ stock market reactions. In addition, this study examines whether the Malaysian Government’s ease of restrictions on economic activities affects firms’ stock market reactions. Finally, this study analyses the effect of COVID-19 number of confirmed cases on firms’ abnormal returns.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses an event study methodology to determine the abnormal returns between day −30 to day 30 of the announcements. In addition, this study uses the regression estimation to determine whether the COVID-19 number of confirmed cases explain the abnormal returns.

Findings
This study finds that investors react negatively to the announcement of the MCO and confirmation of the human-to-human transmission of coronavirus over the event windows. However, the cumulative average abnormal returns (CAARs) started to recover when stimulus packages were introduced, and the lockdown measures were eased, allowing businesses to reopen. This study also finds that only firms in the health-care sector reported significant positive CAARs. Stock returns of the utilities and telecommunication firms showed no changes, while eight other sectors fell remarkably. The results also show that the COVID-19 number of confirmed cases adversely affects firms’ abnormal returns.

Practical implications
This study suggests that stock prices incorporate bad and good news surrounding the announcements of major international and local events related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, investors should consider such factors in making investment decisions.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is one of the early research works investigating the stock market reactions to the COVID-19 major announcements (MCO, human-to-human transmission and ease of restrictions on economic activities) using an event study methodology in an emerging market, namely, Malaysia. This study is timely in light of the recently increasing calls for researchers to analyse the potential economic impacts of COVID-19 on global capital markets, especially in emerging markets whose evidence is scarce.
Barriers to consumer adoption of sustainable products – an empirical analysis
Authors: Nath Vishnu , Agrawal Rajat 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThis paper aims to identify and study the effect of identified eight barriers to sustainable consumption on consumers’ intention to purchase sustainable products.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from a self-administered field survey in India, and 315 valid responses were obtained from the survey process. Partial least square structural equation modeling analysis was carried out to establish the validity of the measures used and to examine the impact of the identified barriers on sustainable purchase intentions.FindingsThe results of this study indicate that barriers such as low willingness to pay, low functional performance, low availability of sustainable products and difficulty of integration in the normal route have a statistically significant negative impact on consumers’ sustainable purchase intentions.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study are useful for marketers and policymakers who want to increase the consumer adoption of sustainable products in emerging markets.Originality/valueThis study develops measures to capture the consumers’ perception of barriers to the adoption of sustainable products.
UV radiation doubles microbial degradation of standing litter in a subtropical forest
Authors: Jiang Han , Pan Yueting , Liang Jiawen , Yang Yinghui , Chen Qi , Lv Meiqi , Pang Lu , He Weihua , Tian Xingjun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

UV radiation has been recognized as a direct driver of litter decomposition by photodegrading organic matter in dryland ecosystems. However, the importance and mechanism of UV radiation on litter decomposition, especially on standing litter, in humid forest ecosystems remain unclear.

We conducted a factorial experiment in a humid subtropical forest gap, manipulating the effects of UV radiation on the decomposition of standing litter under different microbial conditions.

After 366 days of standing incubation, under normal conditions (UV pass with microorganisms), up to 40.63% of the litter mass was lost. However, under a UV pass without microorganisms, litter mass loss was only 16.30%. Under a UV block, the mass loss of litter with microorganisms was 27.68% and that of litter without microorganisms was 15.54%. Without microorganisms, UV radiation had no significant effect on the mass loss of litter carbon. However, UV radiation increased the DOC concentration of litter. And in the presence of microorganisms, UV radiation contributed to an increased mass loss of lignin by 16.72% and of cellulose by 14.75%. No negative effects of UV radiation on microorganisms were observed. These results suggest that UV radiation increased the net mass loss of litter by 106.67%, and this doubling promotion was achieved through microbial degradation.

Synthesis. The increase in microbial degradation under UV radiation may be linked to the increased degradability of lignin and cellulose caused by photodegradation. Our study indicates that direct photodegradation by UV radiation could be weak in subtropical forests, but UV photofacilitation generates rapid turnover of carbon in this system.
The carnitine degradation pathway ofAcinetobacter baumanniiand its role in virulence
Authors: Breisch Jennifer , Schumm Clemens , Poehlein Anja , Daniel Rolf , Averhoff Beate 
Published: June 2022

SummaryThe opportunistic human pathogenAcinetobacter baumanniican grow with carnitine but its metabolism, regulation and role in virulence remained elusive. Recently, we identified a carnitine transporter encoded by a gene closely associated with potential carnitine degradation genes. Among those is a gene coding for a putatived‐malate dehydrogenase (Mdh). Deletion of themdhgene led to a loss of growth with carnitine but notl‐malate; growth withd‐malate was strongly reduced. Therefore, it is hypothesized thatd‐malate is formed during carnitine oxidation and further oxidized to CO2and pyruvate and, that not, as previously suggested,l‐malate is the product and funnelled directly into the TCA cycle. Mutant analyses revealed that the hydrolase in this cluster funnels acetylcarnitine into the degradation pathway by deacetylation. A transcriptional regulator CarR bound in a concentration‐dependent manner to the intergenic region between themdhgene, the first gene of the carnitine catabolic operon and thecarRgene in the presence and absence of carnitine. Both carnitine andd‐malate induced CarR‐dependent expression of the carnitine operon. Infection studies withGalleria mellonellalarvae demonstrated a strong increase in virulence by addition of carnitine indicating that carnitine degradation plays a pivotal role in virulence ofA.baumannii.
Rocuronium ≤1.5 mg/kg versus >1.5 mg/kg and inadequate paralysis in prehospital and retrieval intubation: A retrospective study
Authors: Hayes‐Bradley Clare , Tarrant Madelaine 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveGreater Sydney Area Helicopter Emergency Medical Service encouraged an increased dose of rocuronium for rapid sequence intubations (RSIs) from 1.5 mg/kg to 2.0 mg/kg from the end of 2017 in response to a number of inadequately paralysed patients identified by our airway audit processes. Subsequent protocol change incorporated 2.0 mg/kg rocuronium. This retrospective observational study was undertaken to see if doses over 1.5 mg/kg rocuronium were associated with a reduction in the number of inadequately paralysed patients.MethodsRetrospective review of patient prehospital notes and airway database records from 2017 to 2018 for all cases using rocuronium for RSI. Primary outcome of interest was physician notes describing skeletal muscle activity at laryngoscopy. Patients with tissued vascular access were excluded. Dose of rocuronium, estimated patient actual weight and grade of laryngoscopy were recorded. Comparisons were made between rocuronium doses ≤1.5 mg/kg and >1.5 mg/kg by estimated weight.ResultsFrom 211 patients receiving rocuronium ≤1.5 mg/kg, five cases were inadequately paralysed, compared with two cases from 384 patients receiving >1.5 mg/kg rocuronium.ConclusionsAlthough there were fewer inadequately paralysed patients with rocuronium doses >1.5 mg/kg, this did not reach statistical significance, presumably because of the low event rate. Further investigation into rocuronium dose for RSI is warranted.
Why eDNA fractions need consideration in biomonitoring
Authors: Nagler Magdalena , Podmirseg Sabine Marie , Ascher‐Jenull Judith , Sint Daniela , Traugott Michael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe analysis of environmental DNA (eDNA) is revolutionizing the monitoring of biodiversity as it allows to assess organismic diversity at large scale and unprecedented taxonomic detail. However, eDNA consists of an extracellular and intracellular fraction, each characterized by particular properties that determine the retrievable information on when and where organisms live or have been living. Here, we review the fractions of eDNA, describe how to obtain them from environmental samples and present a four‐scenario concept that aims at enhancing spatial and temporal resolution of eDNA‐based monitoring. Importantly, we highlight how the appropriate choice of eDNA fractions precludes misinterpretation of eDNA‐based biodiversity data. Finally, future avenues of research towards eDNA fraction‐specific analyses are outlined to unravel the full potential of eDNA‐based studies targeting micro‐ and macro‐organisms.
Providing octane degradation capability to Pseudomonas putidaKT2440 through the horizontal acquisition of oct genes located on an integrative and conjugative element
Authors: Duque Estrella , Udaondo Zulema , Molina Lázaro , de la Torre Jesús , Godoy Patricia , Ramos Juan L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe extensive use of petrochemicals has produced serious environmental pollution problems; fortunately, bioremediation is considered an efficient way to fight against pollution. In line with Synthetic Biology is that robust microbial chassis with an expanded ability to remove environmental pollutants are desirable. Pseudomonas putida KT2440 is a robust lab microbe that has preserved the ability to survive in the environment and is the natural host for the self‐transmissible TOL plasmid, which allows metabolism of toluene and xylenes to central metabolism. We show that the P. putida KT2440 (pWW0) acquired the ability to use octane as the sole C‐source after acquisition of an almost 62‐kb ICE from a microbial community that harbours an incomplete set of octane metabolism genes. The ICE bears genes for an alkane monooxygenase, a PQQ‐dependent alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase but lacks the electron donor enzymes required for the monooxygenase to operate. Host rubredoxin and rubredoxin reductase allow metabolism of octane to octanol. Proteomic assays and mutants unable to grow on octane or octanoic acid revealed that metabolism of octane is mediated by redundant host and ICE enzymes. Octane is oxidized to octanol, octanal and octanoic acid, the latter is subsequently acylated and oxidized to yield acetyl‐CoA that is assimilated via the glyoxylate shunt; in fact, a knockout mutant in the aceA gene, encoding isocitrate lyase was unable to grow on octane or octanoic acid.
Microphysiological system for studying contractile differences in young, active, and old, sedentary adult derived skeletal muscle cells
Authors: Giza Shelby , Mojica‐Santiago Jorge A. , Parafati Maddalena , Malany Legrand K. , Platt Don , Schmidt Christine E. , Coen Paul M. , Malany Siobhan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMicrophysiological systems (MPS), also referred to as tissue chips, incorporating 3D skeletal myobundles are a novel approach for physiological and pharmacological studies to uncover new medical treatments for sarcopenia. We characterize a MPS in which engineered skeletal muscle myobundles derived from donor‐specific satellite cells that model aged phenotypes are encapsulated in a perfused tissue chip platform containing platinum electrodes. Our myobundles were derived from CD56+ myogenic cells obtained via percutaneous biopsy of the vastus lateralis from adults phenotyped by age and physical activity. Following 17 days differentiation including 5 days of a 3 V, 2 Hz electrical stimulation regime, the myobundles exhibited fused myotube alignment and upregulation of myogenic, myofiber assembly, signaling and contractile genes as demonstrated by gene array profiling and localization of key components of the sarcomere. Our results demonstrate that myobundles derived from the young, active (YA) group showed high intensity immunofluorescent staining of α‐actinin proteins and responded to electrical stimuli with a ~1 μm displacement magnitude compared with non‐stimulated myobundles. Myobundles derived from older sedentary group (OS) did not display a synchronous contraction response. Hypertrophic potential is increased in YA‐derived myobundles in response to stimulation as shown by upregulation of insulin growth factor (IGF‐1), α‐actinin (ACTN3, ACTA1) and fast twitch troponin protein (TNNI2) compared with OS‐derived myobundles. Our MPS mimics disease states of muscle decline and thus provides an aged system and experimental platform to investigate electrical stimulation mimicking exercise regimes and may be adapted to long duration studies of compound efficacy and toxicity for therapeutic evaluation against sarcopenia.
Restrictive fluids versus standard care in adults with sepsis in the emergency department (REFACED): A multicenter, randomized feasibility trial
Authors: Jessen Marie K. , Andersen Lars W. , Thomsen Marie‐Louise H. , Kristensen Peter , Hayeri Wazhma , Hassel Ranva E. , Messerschmidt Tina G. , Sølling Christoffer G. , Perner Anders , Petersen Jens Aage K. , Kirkegaard Hans 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundFluid treatment in sepsis is a challenge and clinical equipoise exists regarding intravenous (IV) volumes. We aimed to determine whether a 24‐h protocol restricting IV fluid was feasible in adult patients with sepsis without shock presenting to the emergency department (ED).MethodsThe REFACED Sepsis trial is an investigator‐initiated, multicenter, randomized, open‐label, feasibility trial, assigning sepsis patients without shock to 24 h of restrictive, crystal IV fluid administration or standard care. In the IV fluid restriction group fluid boluses were only permitted if predefined criteria for hypoperfusion occurred. Standard care was at the discretion of the treating team. The primary outcome was total IV crystalloid fluid volumes at 24 h after randomization. Secondary outcomes included total fluid volumes, feasibility measures, and patient‐centered outcomes.ResultsWe included 123 patients (restrictive 61 patients and standard care 62 patients) in the primary analysis. A total of 32% (95% confidence interval [CI] 28%–37%) of eligible patients meeting all inclusion criteria and no exclusion criteria were included. At 24 h, the mean (±SD) IV crystalloid fluid volumes were 562 (±1076) ml versus 1370 (±1438) ml in the restrictive versus standard care group (mean difference –801 ml, 95% CI −1257 to −345 ml, p = 0.001). Protocol violations occurred in 21 (34%) patients in the fluid‐restrictive group. There were no differences between groups in adverse events, use of mechanical ventilation or vasopressors, acute kidney failure, length of stay, or mortality.ConclusionsA protocol restricting IV crystalloid fluids in ED patients with sepsis reduced 24‐h fluid volumes compared to standard care. A future trial powered toward patient‐centered outcomes appears feasible.
Symptomatic versus disease‐modifying effects of psychiatric drugs
Authors: Ghaemi S. Nassir 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveDrugs can be divided into two major categories, symptomatic and disease modifying. This review explores whether and how psychiatric drugs fall into one or the other of those categories, and the implications of those results for clinical practice and research in psychopharmacology.MethodNarrative review.ResultsMost psychiatric drugs have only short‐term effects of improving active symptoms. They do not show long‐term benefits for the underlying disease, such as improving the course of illness and improving mortality. Evidence is provided for this claim in the treatment literature of antidepressants for depressive illness and antipsychotics for schizophrenia. Developing truly beneficial drugs for disease modification also is limited by the poor clinical and biological validity of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual diagnoses as well as the use of invalid falsely positive maintenance efficacy randomized discontinuation trial designs.ConclusionsCurrent psychopharmacology is limited mostly to symptomatic effects, not transformative treatments for the diseases underlying those symptoms. A change in approach is needed in psychopharmacology practice and research, focusing on long‐term disease modification rather than short‐term symptom improvement.
Duration of medication treatment for opioid‐use disorder and risk of overdose among Medicaid enrollees in 11 states: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Burns Marguerite , Tang Lu , Chang Chung‐Chou H. , Kim Joo Yeon , Ahrens Katherine , Allen Lindsay , Cunningham Peter , Gordon Adam J. , Jarlenski Marian P. , Lanier Paul , Mauk Rachel , McDuffie Mary Joan , Mohamoud Shamis , Talbert Jeffery , Zivin Kara , Donohue Julie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and aimsMedication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) reduces harms associated with opioid use disorder (OUD), including risk of overdose. Understanding how variation in MOUD duration influences overdose risk is important as health‐care payers increasingly remove barriers to treatment continuation (e.g. prior authorization). This study measured the association between MOUD continuation, relative to discontinuation, and opioid‐related overdose among Medicaid beneficiaries.DesignRetrospective cohort study using landmark survival analysis. We estimated the association between treatment continuation and overdose risk at 5 points after the index, or first, MOUD claim. Censoring events included death and disenrollment.Setting and participantsMedicaid programs in 11 US states: Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia and Wisconsin. A total of 293 180 Medicaid beneficiaries aged 18–64 years with a diagnosis of OUD and had a first MOUD claim between 2016 and 2017.MeasurementsMOUD formulations included methadone, buprenorphine and naltrexone. We measured medically treated opioid‐related overdose within claims within 12 months of the index MOUD claim.FindingsResults were consistent across states. In pooled results, 5.1% of beneficiaries had an overdose, and 67% discontinued MOUD before an overdose or censoring event within 12 months. Beneficiaries who continued MOUD beyond 60 days had a lower relative overdose hazard ratio (HR) compared with those who discontinued by day 60 [HR = 0.39; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.36–0.42; P < 0.0001]. MOUD continuation was associated with lower overdose risk at 120 days (HR = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.31–0.37; P < 0.0001), 180 days (HR = 0.31; 95% CI = 0.29–0.34; P < 0.0001), 240 days (HR = 0.29; 95% CI = 0.26–0.31; P < 0.0001) and 300 days (HR = 0.28; 95% CI = 0.24–0.32; P < 0.0001). The hazard of overdose was 10% lower with each additional 60 days of MOUD (95% CI = 0.88–0.92; P < 0.0001).ConclusionsContinuation of medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in US Medicaid beneficiaries was associated with a substantial reduction in overdose risk up to 12 months after the first claim for MOUD.
Influence of respiratory movement during post mastectomy radiotherapy on targets and heart for breast cancer
Authors: Jeon Hosang , Ki Yongkan , Kim Dong Woon , Kim Wontaek , Nam Jiho , Kim Donghyun , Park Dahl , Park Jongmoo , Joo Ji Hyeon 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground/aimThis study aimed to compare the dosimetric consequences of respiratory movement in volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and three‐dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D‐CRT) during postmastectomy radiation therapy, including internal mammary nodes (IMNs).Materials and methodsRespiratory motion was implemented to a phantom using a dynamic device. The plans were delivered during cranial‐caudal and ventral‐dorsal movement in 5‐mm (R05) and 10‐mm (R10) amplitudes.ResultsAt the IMN, the dose errors were –2.8% (R05) and –6.2% (R10) for 3D‐CRT and –4.9% (R05) and –8.5% (R10) for VMAT. The dose errors in chest wall were –.5% (R05) and –6.0% (R10) for 3D‐CRT and –1.9% (R05) and –5.3% (R10) for VMAT. The left anterior descending doses showed significantly small absolute values. The gamma pass rates of VMAT were higher than those of 3D‐CRT.ConclusionsThe benefit of VMAT technique in dose distribution was maintained, except in occasional instances of large breathing motion.
Cow's milk and egg protein threshold dose distributions in children tolerant to beef, baked milk, and baked egg
Authors: Valluzzi Rocco Luigi , Riccardi Carla , Arasi Stefania , Piscitelli Anna Lucia , Calandrelli Veronica , Dahdah Lamia , Fierro Vincenzo , Mennini Maurizio , Fiocchi Alessandro 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe use of eliciting doses (EDs) for food allergens is necessary to inform individual dietary advice and food allergen risk‐management. The Eliciting Dose 01 (ED01) for milk and egg, calculated from populations of allergic subjects undergoing oral food challenges (OFCs), are 0.2 mg total protein. The respective Eliciting Dose 05 (ED05) is 2.4 mg for milk and 2.3 mg for egg. As about 70% children allergic to such foods may tolerate them when baked, we sought to verify the EDs of that subpopulation of milk and egg‐allergic children.MethodsWe retrospectively assessed consecutive OFC for fresh milk and egg between January 2018 and December 2020 in a population of baked food‐tolerant children.ResultsAmong 288 children (median age 56 ‐ IQR 36–92.5 months, 67.1% male) included, 87 (30.2%) returned positive OFC results, 38 with milk and 49 with egg. The most conservative ED01 was 0.3 mg total protein (IQR 0.03–2.9) for milk and 14.4 mg total protein (IQR 3.6–56.9) for egg. The respective ED05 was 4.2 (IQR 0.9–19.6) mg for milk and 87.7 (IQR 43–179) mg for egg. Such thresholds are, respectively, 1.5 (milk ED01), 1.75 (milk ED05), 72 (egg ED01), and 38.35 (egg ED05) times higher than the currently used thresholds.ConclusionsThe subpopulation of children allergic to milk and egg, but tolerant to baked proteins, displays higher reactivity thresholds than the general population of children allergic to milk and egg. Their risk stratification, in both individual and population terms, should consider this difference. In baked milk‐tolerant children, milk causes reactions at lower doses than egg in our group of egg‐tolerant children. This could be associated with the relative harmlessness of egg compared with milk in the determinism of fatal anaphylactic reactions in children.