bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From clinical expert nurse to part-time clinical nursing instructor: design and evaluation of a competency-based curriculum with structured mentoring: a mixed methods study
Authors: Beiranvand Shourangiz , Mohammad Khan Kermanshahi Sima , Memarian Robabeh , Almasian Mohammad 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Transition from a clinical expert nurse to a part time clinical nursing instructor (PTCNI) poses several challenges. Designing a professional development curriculum to facilitate the transition from a clinical expert nurse to a PTCNI is critical to effective education. A comprehensive competency-based curriculum was developed and implemented with structured mentoring to prepare clinical expert nurses as PTCNIs.

Methods
A mixed-methods study with a sequential-exploratory approach was conducted in Iran in 2019. In the qualitative phase, Saylor et al.’s (1981) seven-step model was used, consisting of (1) collecting evidence from a systematic review, (2) conducting interviews with learners, (3) setting goals and objectives, (4) design, (5) implementation, (6) evaluation, and (7) feedback. In the quantitative phase, curriculum domains were evaluated. Additionally, the effective professional communication skills module was implemented using a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test post-test single-group design for 5 PTCNIs in a pilot study.

Results
After integrating the findings of the literature review and field interviews in the analysis stage, a curriculum was developed with a total of 150 h, six modules, and 24 topics. Results of the pilot study showed a significant improvement in the confidence of PTCNIs as a result of the implementation of the effective communication skills module using the mentoring method (t = − 16.554, p = 0.0005).

Conclusions
This competency-based curriculum was based on the evidence and needs of PTCNIs and provides a complete coverage of their clinical education competencies. It is suggested that managers of educational institutes that offer nursing programs use this curriculum to prepare them in continuing education programs. Further studies are needed to thoroughly evaluate the learning outcomes for students.
Association between glycemic control and risk of venous thromboembolism in diabetic patients: a nested case–control study
Authors: R. Charlier Sarah H. , Meier Christian , Jick Susan S. , Meier Christoph R. , Becker Claudia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Previous studies suggested an elevated risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with a possible sex difference. The impact of glycemic control on the risk of VTE is unclear. Our objective was to analyze the association between glycemic control and the risk of unprovoked (idiopathic) VTE in men and women with T2DM.

Methods
We conducted a nested case–control analysis (1:4 matching) within a cohort of patients with incident T2DM between 1995 and 2019 using data from the CPRD GOLD. We excluded patients with known risk factors for VTE prior to onset of DM. Cases were T2DM patients with an unprovoked treated VTE. The exposure of interest was glycemic control measured as HbA1c levels. We conducted conditional logistic regression analyses adjusted for several confounders.

Results
We identified 2′653 VTE cases and 10′612 controls (53.1% females). We found no association between the HbA1c level and the risk of VTE in our analyses. However, when the most recent HbA1c value was recorded within 90 days before the index date, women with HbA1c levels > 7.0% had a 36–55% increased relative risk of VTE when compared to women with HbA1c > 6.5–7.0%.

Conclusions
Our study raises the possibility that female T2DM patients with HbA1c levels > 7% may have a slightly higher risk for unprovoked VTE compared to women with HbA1c levels > 6.5–7.0%. This increase may not be causal and may reflect differences in life style or other characteristics. We observed no effect of glycemic control on the risk of VTE in men.
The additive effect of essential hypertension on coronary artery plaques in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a coronary computed tomography angiography study
Authors: Jiang Yu , Li Yuan , Shi Ke , Wang Jin , Qian Wen-Lei , Yan Wei-Feng , Pang Tong , Yang Zhi-Gang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The effect of comorbid hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on coronary artery plaques examined by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is not fully understood. We aimed to comprehensively assess whether comorbid hypertension and T2DM influence coronary artery plaques using CCTA.

Materials and methods
A total of 1100 T2DM patients, namely, 277 normotensive [T2DM(HTN−)] and 823 hypertensive [T2DM(HTN +)] individuals, and 1048 normotensive patients without T2DM (control group) who had coronary plaques detected on CCTA were retrospectively enrolled. Plaque type, coronary stenosis, diseased vessels, the segment involvement score (SIS) and the segment stenosis score (SSS) based on CCTA data were evaluated and compared among the groups.

Results
Compared with patients in the control group, the patients in the T2DM(HTN−) and T2DM(HTN +) groups had more partially calcified plaques, noncalcified plaques, segments with obstructive stenosis, and diseased vessels, and a higher SIS and SSS (all P values < 0.001). Compared with the control group, T2DM(HTN +) patients had increased odds of having any calcified and any noncalcified plaque [odds ratio (OR) = 1.669 and 1.278, respectively; both P values < 0.001]; both the T2DM(HTN-) and T2DM(HTN +) groups had increased odds of having any partially calcified plaque (OR = 1.514 and 2.323; P = 0.005 and P < 0.001, respectively), obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) (OR = 1.629 and 1.992; P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively), multivessel disease (OR = 1.892 and 3.372; both P-values < 0.001), an SIS > 3 (OR = 2.233 and 3.769; both P values < 0.001) and an SSS > 5 (OR = 2.057 and 3.580; both P values < 0.001). Compared to T2DM(HTN−) patients, T2DM(HTN +) patients had an increased risk of any partially calcified plaque (OR = 1.561; P = 0.005), multivessel disease (OR = 1.867; P < 0.001), an SIS > 3 (OR = 1.647; P = 0.001) and an SSS > 5 (OR = 1.625; P = 0.001).

Conclusion
T2DM is related to the presence of partially calcified plaques, obstructive CAD, and more extensive coronary artery plaques. Comorbid hypertension and diabetes further increase the risk of partially calcified plaques, and more extensive coronary artery plaques.
Biosynthesis of C-nucleoside antibiotics in actinobacteria: recent advances and future developments
Authors: Zhang Meng , Kong Liyuan , Gong Rong , Iorio Marianna , Donadio Stefano , Deng Zixin , Sosio Margherita , Chen Wenqing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEpidemic diseases and antibiotic resistance are urgent threats to global health, and human is confronted with an unprecedented dilemma to conquer them by expediting development of new natural product related drugs.C-nucleoside antibiotics, a remarkable group of microbial natural products with diverse biological activities, feature a heterocycle base linked with a ribosyl moiety via an unusualC-glycosidic bond, and have played significant roles in healthcare and for plant protection. Elucidating how nature biosynthesizes such a group of antibiotics has provided the basis for engineered biosynthesis as well as targeted genome mining of moreC-nucleoside antibiotics towards improved properties. In this review, we mainly summarize the recent advances on the biosynthesis ofC-nucleoside antibiotics, and we also tentatively discuss the future developments on rationally accessingC-nucleoside diversities in a more efficient and economical way via synthetic biology strategies.
Development of a powerful synthetic hybrid promoter to improve the cellulase system of Trichoderma reesei for efficient saccharification of corncob residues
Authors: Wang Yifan , Liu Ruiyan , Liu Hong , Li Xihai , Shen Linjing , Zhang Weican , Song Xin , Liu Weifeng , Liu Xiangmei , Zhong Yaohua 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei is a widely used workhorse for cellulase production in industry due to its prominent secretion capacity of extracellular cellulolytic enzymes. However, some key components are not always sufficient in this cellulase cocktail, making the conversion of cellulose-based biomass costly on the industrial scale. Development of strong and efficient promoters would enable cellulase cocktail to be optimized for bioconversion of biomass.

Results
In this study, a synthetic hybrid promoter was constructed and applied to optimize the cellulolytic system of T. reesei for efficient saccharification towards corncob residues. Firstly, a series of 5’ truncated promoters in different lengths were established based on the strong constitutive promoter Pcdna1. The strongest promoter amongst them was Pcdna1-3 (− 640 to − 1 bp upstream of the translation initiation codon ATG), exhibiting a 1.4-fold higher activity than that of the native cdna1 promoter. Meanwhile, the activation region (− 821 to − 622 bp upstream of the translation initiation codon ATG and devoid of the Cre1-binding sites) of the strong inducible promoter Pcbh1 was cloned and identified to be an amplifier in initiating gene expression. Finally, this activation region was fused to the strongest promoter Pcdna1-3, generating the novel synthetic hybrid promoter Pcc. This engineered promoter Pcc drove strong gene expression by displaying 1.6- and 1.8-fold stronger fluorescence intensity than Pcbh1 and Pcdna1 under the inducible condition using egfp as the reporter gene, respectively. Furthermore, Pcc was applied to overexpress the Aspergillus niger β-glucosidase BGLA coding gene bglA and the native endoglucanase EG2 coding gene eg2, achieving 43.5-fold BGL activity and 1.2-fold EG activity increase, respectively. Ultimately, to overcome the defects of the native cellulase system in T. reesei, the bglA and eg2 were co-overexpressed under the control of Pcc promoter. The bglA-eg2 double expression strain QPEB70 exhibited a 178% increase in total cellulase activity, whose cellulase system displayed 2.3- and 2.4-fold higher saccharification efficiency towards acid-pretreated and delignified corncob residues than the parental strain, respectively.

Conclusions
The synthetic hybrid promoter Pcc was generated and employed to improve the cellulase system of T. reesei by expressing specific components. Therefore, construction of synthetic hybrid promoters would allow particular cellulase genes to be expressed at desired levels, which is a viable strategy to optimize the cellulolytic enzyme system for efficient biomass bioconversion.
Trends of malaria infection in pregnancy in Ghana over the past two decades: a review
Authors: Osarfo Joseph , Ampofo Gifty Dufie , Tagbor Harry 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
There has been a global decline in malaria transmission over the past decade. However, not much is known of the impact of this observation on the burden of malaria infection in pregnancy in endemic regions including Ghana. A narrative review was undertaken to help describe trends in malaria infection in pregnancy in Ghana. Among others, such information is important in showing any progress made in malaria in pregnancy control.

Methods
To describe trends in pregnancy-associated malaria infection in Ghana, a search and review of literature reporting data on the prevalence of asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infection in pregnancy was conducted.

Results
Thirty-six (36) studies, conducted over 1994–2019, were included in the review. In the northern savannah zone with largely seasonal malaria transmission, prevalence appeared to reduce from about 50–60% in 1994–2010 to 13–26% by 2019. In the middle transitional/forest zone, where transmission is perennial with peaks in the rainy season, prevalence apparently reduced from 60% in the late 1990 s to about 5–20% by 2018. In the coastal savannah area, there was apparent reduction from 28 to 35% in 2003–2010 to 5–11% by 2018–2019. The burden of malaria infection in pregnancy continues to be highest among teenagers and younger-aged pregnant women and paucigravidae.

Conclusions
There appears to be a decline in asymptomatic parasite prevalence in pregnancy in Ghana though this has not been uniform across the different transmission zones. The greatest declines were noticeably in urban settings. Submicroscopic parasitaemia remains a challenge for control efforts. Further studies are needed to evaluate the impact of the reduced parasite prevalence on maternal anaemia and low birthweight and to assess the local burden of submicroscopic parasitaemia in relation to pregnancy outcomes.
TRIP6 promotes inflammatory damage via the activation of TRAF6 signaling in a murine model of DSS-induced colitis
Authors: Yang Yun , Li Xiu-Ming , Wang Jing-Ru , Li Yan , Ye Wen-Long , Wang Yi , Liu Yu-Xuan , Deng Zhi-Yong , Gan Wen-Juan , Wu Hua 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
TRIP6 is a zyxin family member that serves as an adaptor protein to regulate diverse biological processes. In prior reports, TRIP6 was shown to play a role in regulating inflammation. However, its in vivo roles and mechanistic importance in colitis remain largely elusive. Herein, we therefore employed TRIP6-deficient (TRIP6−/−) mice in order to explore the mechanistic importance of TRIP6 in a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced model of murine colitis.

Findings
Wild-type (TRIP6+/+) mice developed more severe colitis following DSS-mediated disease induction relative to TRIP6−/− mice, as evidenced by more severe colonic inflammation and associated crypt damage. TRIP6 expression in wild-type mice was significantly elevated following DSS treatment. Mechanistically, TRIP6 binds to TRAF6 and enhances oligomerization and autoubiquitination of TRAF6. This leads to the activation of NF-κB signaling and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα and IL-6, in the in vivo mouse model of colitis.

Conclusions
These in vivo data demonstrate that TRIP6 serves as a positive regulator of DSS-induced colitis through interactions with TRAF6 resulting in the activation of inflammatory TRAF6 signaling, highlighting its therapeutic promise as a protein that theoretically can be targeted to prevent or treat colitis.
Spectral image contrast-based flow digital nanoplasmon-metry for ultrasensitive antibody detection
Authors: Wang Sheng-Hann , Kuo Chia-Wen , Lo Shu-Cheng , Yeung Wing Kiu , Chang Ting-Wei , Wei Pei-Kuen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been widely used in local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) immunoassays for biomolecule sensing, which is primarily based on two conventional methods: absorption spectra analysis and colorimetry. The low figure of merit (FoM) of the LSPR and high-concentration AuNP requirement restrict their limit of detection (LOD), which is approximately ng to μg mL−1 in antibody detection if there is no other signal or analyte amplification. Improvements in sensitivity have been slow in recent for a long time, and pushing the boundary of the current LOD is a great challenge of current LSPR immunoassays in biosensing.

Results
In this work, we developed spectral image contrast-based flow digital nanoplasmon-metry (Flow DiNM) to push the LOD boundary. Comparing the scattering image brightness of AuNPs in two neighboring wavelength bands near the LSPR peak, the peak shift signal is strongly amplified and quickly detected. Introducing digital analysis, the Flow DiNM provides an ultrahigh signal-to-noise ratio and has a lower sample volume requirement. Compared to the conventional analog LSPR immunoassay, Flow DiNM for anti-BSA detection in pure samples has an LOD as low as 1 pg mL−1 within only a 15-min detection time and 500 μL sample volume. Antibody assays against spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 in artificial saliva that contained various proteins were also conducted to validate the detection of Flow DiNM in complicated samples. Flow DiNM shows significant discrimination in detection with an LOD of 10 pg mL−1 and a broad dynamic detection range of five orders of magnitude.

Conclusion
Together with the quick readout time and simple operation, this work clearly demonstrated the high sensitivity and selectivity of the developed Flow DiNM in rapid antibody detection. Spectral image contrast and digital analysis further provide a new generation of LSPR immunoassay with AuNPs.

Graphical Abstract
Nanomaterials and nanotechnology for the delivery of agrochemicals: strategies towards sustainable agriculture
Authors: An Changcheng , Sun Changjiao , Li Ningjun , Huang Bingna , Jiang Jiajun , Shen Yue , Wang Chong , Zhao Xiang , Cui Bo , Wang Chunxin , Li Xingye , Zhan Shenshan , Gao Fei , Zeng Zhanghua , Cui Haixin , Wang Yan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNanomaterials (NMs) have received considerable attention in the field of agrochemicals due to their special properties, such as small particle size, surface structure, solubility and chemical composition. The application of NMs and nanotechnology in agrochemicals dramatically overcomes the defects of conventional agrochemicals, including low bioavailability, easy photolysis, and organic solvent pollution, etc. In this review, we describe advances in the application of NMs in chemical pesticides and fertilizers, which are the two earliest and most researched areas of NMs in agrochemicals. Besides, this article concerns with the new applications of NMs in other agrochemicals, such as bio-pesticides, nucleic acid pesticides, plant growth regulators (PGRs), and pheromone. We also discuss challenges and the industrialization trend of NMs in the field of agrochemicals. Constructing nano-agrochemical delivery system via NMs and nanotechnology facilitates the improvement of the stability and dispersion of active ingredients, promotes the precise delivery of agrochemicals, reduces residual pollution and decreases labor cost in different application scenarios, which is potential to maintain the sustainability of agricultural systems and improve food security by increasing the efficacy of agricultural inputs.
Graphical Abstract
Nano-pesticides: the lunch-box principle—deadly goodies (semio-chemical functionalised nanoparticles that deliver pesticide only to target species)
Authors: Scott-Fordsmand J. J. , Fraceto L. F. , Amorim M. J. B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNature contains many examples of “fake promises” to attract “prey”, e.g., predatory spiders that emit the same sex-attractant-signals as moths to catch them at close range and male spiders that make empty silk-wrapped gifts in order to mate with a female. Nano-pesticides should ideally mimic nature by luring a target and killing it without harming other organisms/species. Here, we present such an approach, called the lunch-box or deadly-goodies approach. The lunch-box consists of three main elements (1) the lure (semio-chemicals anchored on the box), (2) the box (palatable nano-carrier), and (3) the kill (advanced targeted pesticide). To implement this approach, one needs to draw on the vast amount of chemical ecological knowledge available, combine this with recent nanomaterial techniques, and use novel advanced pesticides. Precision nano-pesticides can increase crop protection and food production whilst lowering environmental impacts.
Graphical Abstract
Phenotypic change of mesenchymal stem cells into smooth muscle cells regulated by dynamic cell-surface interactions on patterned arrays of ultrathin graphene oxide substrates
Authors: Park Rowoon , Yoon Jung Won , Lee Jin-Ho , Hong Suck Won , Kim Jae Ho 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe topographical interface of the extracellular environment has been appreciated as a principal biophysical regulator for modulating cell functions, such as adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Despite the existed approaches that use two-dimensional nanomaterials to provide beneficial effects, opportunities evaluating their impact on stem cells remain open to elicit unprecedented cellular responses. Herein, we report an ultrathin cell-culture platform with potential-responsive nanoscale biointerfaces for monitoring mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We designed an intriguing nanostructured array through self-assembly of graphene oxide sheets and subsequent lithographical patterning method to produce chemophysically defined regions. MSCs cultured on anisotropic micro/nanoscale patterned substrate were spontaneously organized in a highly ordered configuration mainly due to the cell-repellent interactions. Moreover, the spatially aligned MSCs were spontaneously differentiated into smooth muscle cells upon the specific crosstalk between cells. This work provides a robust strategy for directing stem cells and differentiation, which can be utilized as a potential cell culture platform to understand cell–substrate or cell–cell interactions, further developing tissue repair and stem cell-based therapies.
Graphical Abstract
Sequential immunization with SARS-CoV-2 RBD vaccine induces potent and broad neutralization against variants in mice
Authors: Song Shuo , Zhou Bing , Cheng Lin , Liu Weilong , Fan Qing , Ge Xiangyang , Peng Hua , Fu Yang-Xin , Ju Bin , Zhang Zheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe current COVID-19 pandemic caused by constantly emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants still poses a threat to public health worldwide. Effective next-generation vaccines and optimized booster vaccination strategies are urgently needed. Here, we sequentially immunized mice with a SARS-CoV-2 wild-type inactivated vaccine and a heterologous mutant RBD vaccine, and then evaluated their neutralizing antibody responses against variants including Beta, Delta, Alpha, Iota, Kappa, and A.23.1. These data showed that a third booster dose of heterologous RBD vaccine especially after two doses of inactivated vaccines significantly enhanced the GMTs of nAbs against all SARS-CoV-2 variants we tested. In addition, the WT and variants all displayed good cross-immunogenicity and might be applied in the design of booster vaccines to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies.