bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly resolved modeling of extreme wind speed in North America and Europe
Authors: Jung Christopher , Demant Laura , Meyer Peter , Schindler Dirk 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHigh wind speed (U) is one of the most dangerous natural hazards in North America and Europe. As a result, spatially explicit, statistical estimation of extreme U is of particular relevance for many sectors. However, the most common sources of wind speed data such as reanalysis data and in situ measurements are limited for this purpose due to their coarse spatial resolution and low representativeness. Thus, the main goal was to develop a high spatial resolution (250 m × 250 m) model (GloWiSMo‐X) for monthly mapping of the maximum hourly U for a 10‐year return period (U10yr) in North America and Europe. The multistep development of GloWiSMo‐X is based on 2544 hourly U time series available from the integrated surface global hourly meteorological data set (UNCEI), U time series from ERA5 (UERA5), and mean wind speed from the Global Wind Speed Model (). Firstly, the block maxima method was applied to estimate monthly wind speed for a 10‐year return period for both UNCEI (U10yr,NCEI) and UERA5 (U10yr,ERA5). Secondly, the least squares boosting approach was used to predict the target variable yielding the predictions . The predictor variables U10yr,ERA5, , continent, and month were used as input. It was found that the highest monthly continental means of () in January are 16.4 m/s in North America and 16.3 m/s in Europe. dropped to 13.4 m/s and 12.5 m/s in August. The annual cycle of is more pronounced in Europe than in North America. The central parts of the USA and Western Europe were identified as intracontinental regions with the highest . GloWiSMo‐X proves to be very broadly applicable as it covers two different continents and all months. The model validation by the mean squared error (MSE) demonstrates its improved predictive power compared to ERA5.
Clarification on the Gassing Behavior of Carbon‐Coated Li4Ti5O12 at Elevated Temperature: Importance of Coating Coverage
Authors: Govindarajan Kaviarasan , Nasara Ralph Nicolai , Lin Shih‐kang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have become vital energy‐storage devices in electric vehicles (EVs). Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) is a promising material of LIB because of its high rate capability, cyclability, and safety compared to the graphite‐based anode materials in commercial LIBs. However, one of the major concerns in LTO‐based LIBs is gassing, which results from the interfacial reaction between LTO and organic electrolyte solutions, unlike the reduction decomposition of an electrolyte in graphite electrodes. Carbon coating on LTO has been proposed to mitigate the gassing by preventing such side reactions, even though reports have been conflicting. In this work, there are different kinds of carbon‐coated LTO deposited using the thermal decomposition of ethanol that has been investigated at elevated temperature using In Operando pressure analysis to answer the paradox of the effect of carbon coating on the gassing behavior on LTO. Our Spatial Raman Spectroscopy Analysis (SRS) shows that the carbon coating coverage is likely responsible for the discrepancy in the gassing behavior reported by other studies. Our proposed deposition process achieves complete coverage with an ultrathin 3 nm carbon coating layer which mitigates the interfacial reactions while improving electrochemical performance.
Einfluss der Stahlfaserbewehrungsarten auf den Betonversagenswiderstand von Befestigungen
Authors: Spyridis Panagiotis , Hufelschulte Franziska , Mellios Nikolaos 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEine häufige Bemessungssituation für verschiedene Bauwerke (z. B. Bodenplatten, Industrieböden und Tunnel) sind Verbindungen von tragenden und nichttragenden Elementen auf einem stahlfaserverstärkten Betonuntergrund. Folglich wurde in letzter Zeit ein starkes Forschungsinteresse auf diese konstruktive Lösung gelenkt. Während sich verschiedene Untersuchungen auf normalen und faserbewehrten Beton mit unterschiedlichen Dübeltypen und Fasereigenschaften konzentriert haben, fehlt derzeit ein Einblick in den Einfluss von Stahlfasern mit unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften unter ansonsten vergleichbaren Bedingungen. Diese Forschungsarbeit bietet einheitliche Erkenntnisse zum Einfluss des Fasertyps auf die Betonausbruchskapazität von Befestigungen und ermöglicht eine erneute Überprüfung der derzeit empfohlenen Bemessungsansätze.
Halogenated β‐diketiminato magnesium complexes: Preparation, characterization, and catalysis for ring‐opening polymerization of aliphatic lactones
Authors: Mou Zehuai , Xing Fangyu , Gu Jialu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe halogenated β‐diketiminato magnesium butyl complexes LXMgBu(THF) (X = Cl (1), Br (2)) and allyl complexes LXMg(allyl)(THF) (X = Cl (3), Br (4)) (LCl = ((2,6‐Cl2C6H3)N═C(Me)CH═C(Me)N(2,6‐Cl2C6H3)), LBr = ((2,6‐Br2C6H3)N═C(Me)CH═C(Me)N(2,6‐Br2C6H3)) were prepared and characterized. The treatment of butyl complex 2 with (S)‐1‐phenylethanol gave the corresponding alkoxide complex [LBrMgOCHMePh]2 (5), the dimeric structure of which was confirmed by single‐crystal x‐ray diffraction. When bulky diphenylmethanol was employed to react with Complex 2, THF‐ligated monomeric complex LBrMgOCHPh2(THF) (6) was afforded. The catalytic performances of these magnesium complexes for ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone (ε‐CL), δ‐valerolactone (δ‐VL), and γ‐butyrolactone (γ‐BL) were evaluated.
Associations of insulin resistance and inflammatory biomarkers with endometrial cancer survival: The Alberta endometrial cancer cohort study
Authors: Morielli Andria R. , Kokts‐Porietis Renée L. , Benham Jamie L. , McNeil Jessica , Cook Linda S. , Courneya Kerry S. , Friedenreich Christine M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundMetabolic dysfunction and inflammation have been associated with endometrial cancer risk; however, their influence on endometrial cancer survival is less understood.MethodsA prospective cohort study of 540 endometrial cancer cases diagnosed between 2002 and 2006 in Alberta were followed for survival outcomes to 2019. Baseline blood samples collected either pre‐ or post‐hysterectomy were analyzed for glucose, insulin, adiponectin, leptin, tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐6, and C‐reactive protein. Covariates were obtained during in‐person interviews and via medical chart abstraction. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association between each biomarker and disease‐free and overall survival.ResultsBlood samples were collected from 520 of the 540 participants (presurgical n = 235; postsurgical n = 285). During the median follow‐up of 14.3 years (range 0.4–16.5 years), there were 125 recurrences, progressions, and/or deaths with 106 overall deaths. None of the biomarkers were associated with disease‐free or overall survival in multivariable‐adjusted analyses. In an exploratory stratified analysis, the highest level of presurgical adiponectin, compared to the lowest level, was associated with improved disease‐free (HR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.20–0.85) and overall (HR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.18–0.92) survival, whereas no statistically significant associations were noted for postsurgical measures of adiponectin.ConclusionsOverall, there was no evidence of an association between biomarkers of insulin resistance and inflammation with mortality outcomes in endometrial cancer survivors. Future cohort studies with serial blood samples are needed to understand the impact of changes in insulin resistance and inflammatory markers on endometrial cancer survival.
How to measure outcome? A perspective from the dynamic complex systems approach
Authors: Schiepek Günter , de Felice Giulio , Desmet Mattias , Aichhorn Wolfgang , Sammet Isa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe evaluation and assessment of outcome is an important issue in psychotherapy research and practice. Since the beginning of empirical research, the effectiveness of treatments has been in the focus of interest to optimise mental health care. Despite this importance, the assessment of outcome by pre‐to‐post comparisons of point measures is hampered by some limitations. These include, amongst others, the predominant use of standard questionnaires neglecting personalised outcome criteria, the focus on point measures that ignore dynamic patterns representing the volatility of mental functioning, memory biases that become important if a recall of longer time periods is urged, and the non‐ergodicity of trajectories of change. Based on new methods of digitalised data collection in the real‐life setting of patients, some conclusions for process and outcome monitoring can be drawn: first, most mental diseases are characterised by specific dynamic patterns (dynamic diseases) whose changes can be assessed by high‐frequency time sampling, for example daily assessments of patients. Second, personal criteria for self‐assessments can be identified by multiperspective case formulations. Third, electronic devices such as smartphones allow for data collection in the real‐world settings of patients, which gives access to experiences in their ecosystems.
Rules all the way down: Consumer behaviour from the standpoint of the ‘ONE behavioural’ research programme
Authors: Earl Peter E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article sets out a unified behavioural research programme that integrates compatible elements of old, new and evolutionary behavioural approaches to economics as an alternative to the dominant unified approach to economics based on rational choice theory and a Walrasian view of market coordination. However, the proposed programme can also be viewed as a general framework for interdisciplinary research on consumer behaviour. It employs the view of scientific research programmes proposed by Lakatos, setting out groups of ‘hard‐core’ propositions and their associated ‘do’ and ‘do not’ rules for the conduct of researchers. The unifying theme is that evolution in the economy (and in human systems more generally) entails the creation, adoption and abandonment of rules for dealing effectively with open‐ended choice problems that are bedevilled by infinite regress problems and cognitive challenges that people seek to address via personal repertoires of hierarchically related rules. To anticipate behaviour, researchers need to develop knowledge of these rules (including heuristics and routines), their functionality and the processes by which they get changed or prove difficult to change even where they cause problems.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Bicyclic Pyrazolidinones through Alkaloid‐Catalyzed [3+2]‐Cycloadditions of Ketenes and Azomethine Imines
Authors: Mondal Mukulesh , Mitra Shubhanjan , Twardy Dylan J. , Panda Manashi , Wheeler Kraig A. , Kerrigan Nessan J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA versatile asymmetric synthesis of bicyclic pyrazolidinones through alkaloid‐catalyzed formal [3+2]‐ and [3+2+2]‐cycloadditions of ketenes with azomethine imines is described. The methodology was found to be tolerant of ketene and a variety of monosubstituted ketenes (R=alkyl, OAc). The products were formed in good to excellent yields (71–99 % for 24 examples, 39 examples in all), with good to excellent diastereoselectivity in many cases (dr 3 : 1 to 27 : 1 for 22 examples), and with excellent enantioselectivity for most examples (≥93 % ee for 34 products). In the case of most disubstituted ketenes, the reaction proceeded through a [3+2+2]‐cycloaddition to form structurally interesting bicyclic pyrazolo‐oxadiazepinediones with moderate diastereoselectivity (dr up to 3.7 : 1) and as racemic mixtures (3 examples). The method represents the first unambiguous example of an enantioselective reaction between ketenes and a 1,3‐dipole.
Planar Chiral Rhodium Complexes of 1,4‐Benzoquinones
Authors: Ankudinov Nikita M. , Nelyubina Yulia V. , Perekalin Dmitry S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDiene rhodium complexes are important catalysts in modern organic synthesis. Herein, we report a new approach to such complexes with the uncommon planar chirality. The synthesis is achieved by face‐selective coordination of the prochiral 2,5‐disubstituted‐1,4‐benzoquinones (R2‐Q) with rhodium precursors containing the chiral auxiliary ligand S‐salicyl‐oxazoline (S‐Salox). Such coordination leads to the formation of (R,R‐R2‐Q)Rh(S‐Salox) complexes in high yields and with exceptional diastereoselectivity (d. r.>20 : 1). Subsequent replacement of the auxiliary ligand provides various benzoquinone rhodium complexes with retention of the planar chirality. Combined theoretical and experimental studies show that due to their electron‐withdrawing nature benzoquinones bind metals stronger than the related 1,4‐cyclohexadiene, but weaker than other common diene ligands, such as cyclooctadiene.
Food protein‐induced enterocolitis syndrome: A large French multicentric experience
Authors: Lemoine Anaïs , Colas Anne‐Sophie , Le Sébastien , Delacourt Christophe , Tounian Patrick , Lezmi Guillaume 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundFood protein‐induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a non‐IgE‐mediated food allergy, with potential dehydration secondary to vomiting. Differences exist regarding culprit foods, and age of tolerance depending on the country of origin. We aimed at describing the characteristics of a French population of children with FPIES, and define risk factors for failure during challenge.MethodsData from 179 children who were referred for FPIES in two pediatric tertiary centers between 2014 and 2020 were retrospectively collected. The diagnosis of FPIES was based on international consensus guidelines. Clinical characteristics, culprit food, and age at resolution were assessed. Tolerance was defined as no adverse reaction after OFC or accidental exposure.ResultsIn the 192 described FPIES, the age at first symptoms was 5.8 months old. The main offending foods were cow's milk (60.3%), hen's egg (16.2%), and fish (11.7%). Single FPIES was observed in 94.4% and multiple FPIES in 5.6% of cases. The age at resolution of FPIES was 2.2 years old, and resolution occurred later for fish than for milk (2.9 years vs. 2.0, p = 0.01). Severe acute FPIES was a risk factor for delayed resolution (RR: 3.3 [1.2–9.2]), but not IgE sensitization. Performing a food challenge within 12 months after the first reaction increased the risk of failure (OR: 2.6 [1.1–6.6]).ConclusionIn this French cohort of children with FPIES, the main culprit foods were ubiquitous. Rice, oat, and soy were rarely or not involved. Multiple FPIES was infrequent. Our data confirmed the overall good prognosis of FPIES, the later resolution of FPIES to fish and in the case of severe acute FPIES.
Single‐Dose Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Ubrogepant in Adults With Hepatic Impairment: Results From an Open‐Label, Phase 1 Trial
Authors: Boinpally Ramesh , Lu Kaifeng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUbrogepant is an oral calcitonin gene–related peptide receptor antagonist approved for the treatment of acute migraine headaches. Ubrogepant demonstrated efficacy and safety in 2 pivotal phase 3 studies (N = 2240) that led to its approval. Here, we report the pharmacokinetics and safety results from a phase 1 study in which participants with severe (n = 4), moderate (n = 8), or mild (n = 8) hepatic impairment and matched participants with normal hepatic function (n = 8) were administered a single dose of 100 mg of ubrogepant. Twenty‐eight participants aged 36 to 70 years were enrolled and completed the study. In participants with mild, moderate, or severe hepatic impairment, ubrogepant systemic exposure (area under the plasma concentration–time curve) increased by 7%, 52%, and 115%, respectively, compared with participants with normal hepatic function (≈1600 ng • h/mL). Peak exposure increased by 1%, 18%, and 26%, respectively, in participants with mild, moderate, or severe hepatic impairment compared to those with normal hepatic function (≈400 ng/mL). Plasma protein binding did not change significantly across groups. No dose adjustment is recommended for patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment. Dose adjustment (50 mg) is recommended for patients with severe hepatic impairment. Single doses of ubrogepant 100 mg were safe, and all the enrolled participants, regardless of hepatic function, completed the study.
New Insights into the Redox Properties of Pyridinium Appended 1,2‐Dithienylcyclopentenes
Authors: Sicard Lambert , Lafolet Frederic , Boggio‐Pasqua Martial , Bucher Christophe , Royal Guy , Cobo Saioa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe optical and redox properties of a methyl pyridinium appended 1,2‐dithienylethene photochromic derivative have been thoroughly investigated. A complex multi‐step photo/redox mechanism is proposed for the closed isomer on the ground of spectro‐electrochemical and theoretical data. The generated compounds are not stable over the time because of chemical reactions associated to the redox processes and a new dithienylethene derivative incorporating a seven‐membered ring has been isolated and characterized.
Effects of the Nature of Metal Ion, Protein and Substrate on the Catalytic Center in Matrix Metalloproteinase‐1: Insights from Multilevel MD, QM/MM and QM Studies
Authors: Varghese Ann , Chaturvedi Shobhit S. , DiCastri Bella , Mehler Emerald , Fields Gregg B. , Karabencheva‐Christova Tatyana G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by Dr. Karabencheva‐Christova's group at Michigan Technological University. The image shows the multilevel molecular dynamics (MD), quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) and quantum mechanics (QM) study on matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP‐1). Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/cphc.202100680.
Assessing Mitochondrial DNA Release into the Cytosol and Subsequent Activation of Innate Immune‐related Pathways in Mammalian Cells
Authors: Bryant Joshua D. , Lei Yuanjiu , VanPortfliet Jordyn J. , Winters Ashley D. , West A. Phillip 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMitochondria have emerged as key drivers of mammalian innate immune responses, functioning as signaling hubs to trigger inflammation and orchestrating metabolic switches required for phagocyte activation. Mitochondria also contain damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), molecules that share similarity with pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and can engage innate immune sensors to drive inflammation. The aberrant release of mitochondrial DAMPs during cellular stress and injury is an increasingly recognized trigger of inflammatory responses in human diseases. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a particularly potent DAMP that engages multiple innate immune sensors, although mounting evidence suggests that cytosolic mtDNA is primarily detected via the cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase–stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS‐STING) pathway. cGAS and STING are widely expressed in mammalian cells and serve as key regulators of type I interferon and cytokine expression in both infectious and inflammatory diseases. Despite growing roles for the mtDNA‐cGAS‐STING axis in human disease, assays to quantify mtDNA release into the cytosol and approaches to link mtDNA to cGAS‐STING signaling are not standardized, which increases the possibility for experimental artifacts and misinterpretation of data. Here, we present a series of protocols for assaying the release of mtDNA into the cytosol and subsequent activation of innate immune signaling in mammalian cells. We highlight genetic and pharmacological approaches to induce and inhibit mtDNA release from mitochondria. We also describe immunofluorescence microscopy and cellular fractionation assays to visualize morphological changes in mtDNA and quantify mtDNA accumulation in the cytosol. Finally, we include protocols to examine mtDNA‐dependent cGAS‐STING activation by RT‐qPCR and western blotting. These methods can be performed with standard laboratory equipment and are highly adaptable to a wide range of mammalian cell types. They will permit researchers working across the spectrum of biological and biomedical sciences to accurately and reproducibly measure cytosolic mtDNA release and resulting innate immune responses. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.This article was corrected on 10 July 2024. See the end of the full text for details.Basic Protocol 1: siRNA‐mediated knockdown of TFAM to induce mtDNA instability, cytosolic release, and activation of the cGAS‐STING pathwayAlternate Protocol: Pharmacological induction of mtDNA release and cGAS‐STING activation using ABT‐737 and Q‐VD‐OPHBasic Protocol 2: Isolation and quantitation of DNA from cytosolic, mitochondrial, and nuclear fractionsBasic Protocol 3: Pharmacological inhibition of mtDNA replication and release
Long‐term conservation agriculture effects on corn profitability in West Tennessee
Authors: Zhou Xia Vivian , Larson James A. , Sykes Virginia R. , Ashworth Amanda J. , Allen Fred L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCrop rotations, cover crops, and poultry litter (PL) under no tillage (NT) may improve soil health and crop yields. However, farmers’ adoption depends on whether they can generate extra profits. This study evaluated profitability of NT corn (Zea mays L.) in monoculture versus rotations with soybean (Glycine max L.) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) with or without winter covers from 2002 to 2017. Whole‐block treatments were cropping rotations with monoculture (control) versus nine, 4‐yr cropping sequences (phases) repeated four times (I, II, III, and IV). Split‐block treatments were no cover versus winter covers of PL, hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Different phases influenced yields and net returns (NRs; p < .05), with the greatest NRs in Phase IV, and the lowest in Phase III. Rotation interacted with phase to influence corn yield and NRs (p < .01), with positive rotation effects occurring in Phase IV. Covers influenced yields and NRs over 16 yr (p < .01). Vetch cover resulted in the highest corn yields, whereas wheat cover was the lowest. However, no cover plots produced NRs greater than any other cover. Enhanced yields or cost savings due to reduced fertilizer from covers did not offset cover costs. Lowering costs of PL, hairy vetch, and wheat by 70, 68, and 100%, respectively, from their base values produced equivalent NRs to no cover. Thus, farmers may need subsidies to adopt conservation agriculture‐based practices.
Modelling of electrostatic ion‐scale turbulence in divertor tokamaks with the gyrokinetic code COGENT
Authors: Dorf Mikhail , Dorr Milo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractContinuum gyrokinetic simulations of electrostatic ion scale turbulence are presented for the case of a diverted (single‐null) tokamak geometry. The simulation model, implemented in the finite‐volume code COGENT, solves the long‐wavelength limit of the full‐F gyrokinetic equation for ion species coupled to a vorticity equation for electrostatic potential variations, where a fluid model is used for an electron response. The model describes the ion scale ion temperature gradient (ITG) and resistive drift modes as well as neoclassical ion physics effects. Different turbulence regimes are observed depending on the plasma profiles, and the roles of a self‐consistent background electric field and an X‐point geometry are explored. In particular, increasing the pedestal density gradient and the corresponding radial electric field is demonstrated to suppress the ITG turbulence, whereas the same edge plasma background can still be destabilized by the resistive modes when the plasma resistivity is increased. The effects of X‐point geometry are assessed by comparing cross‐separatrix simulations with counterpart calculations performed for a toroidal annulus geometry. For the simulation parameters considered, similar global behaviour is observed in both cases, whereas strong local suppression of turbulence fluctuations is demonstrated near the X‐point for the case of a single‐null geometry.