bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and prioritization of pigeon pea‐based products tailored to consumer preference perspective: A mixed method assessment approach
Authors: Majili Zahra , Nyaruhucha Cornelio N. , Kulwa Kissa , Mutabazi Khamaladin , Rybak Constance , Sieber Stefan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPigeon pea is frequently consumed in Southern Tanzania but in limited value‐added recipes. The aim of this study was to identify and prioritize pigeon pea‐based products that could be developed to improve organoleptic preferences and increase the diversification of the recipes. A descriptive cross‐sectional study was conducted involving 355 consumers. Quantitative and qualitative information was collected through focus group discussions (FGDs) and face‐to‐face interviews. Pairwise comparison (PC) method and assigning scores in order of their preference was used in ranking pigeon pea‐based products at the group and individual levels, respectively. PC counts and Garrett rank scores were computed and ranked using the Rank command in Excel software Version 2016. Ordinal regression was used to summarize the effect between groups' overall levels of the outcome atp‐value < 0.05. Twelve and eleven pigeon pea‐based products were identified during face‐to‐face interviews and FGDs, respectively. The highest Garret mean scores were observed on pigeon pea‐based noodles (70.6), flour (61.4) and chapati (60.4). Similarly, the highest PC counts were observed on pigeon pea‐based noodles and chapati. The PC rank scores differed significantly by consumers' age categories. Pigeon pea‐based noodles, flour and chapati are the utmost prioritized products due to their perceived value, sensory attributes, convenience and attitudes about the food product. However, knowledge and skills about using pigeon peas on producing the product were mentioned as limiting factors. Hence, the provision of practical hands‐on skills on the preparation of pigeon pea‐based products will increase the chances of diversifying pigeon pea recipes at the household level for improving food security and nutrition well‐being.
Effects of annealing treatment on tribological behaviour of tungsten‐doped diamond‐like carbon film under lubrication (Part 1): Chemical composition, mechanical properties and tribological behaviour under base oil
Authors: Zhang Shaojun , Zhu Lina , Wang Yanyan , Kang Jiajie , Wang Haidou , Ma Guozheng , Huang Haipeng , Zhang Guangan , Yue Wen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTungsten‐doped diamond‐like carbon (W‐DLC) films were prepared by magnetron sputtering, followed by annealing in the temperature range of 100–500°C. The effects of the annealing treatment on the chemical compositions, mechanical properties and tribological behaviours of annealed W‐DLC films with a base oil were tested by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction and nanoindenter tests. The results indicated that increasing the annealing temperature led to a decrease in the thicknesses and hardness values of the W‐DLC films due to the graphitization and oxidation of the film surfaces. However, the structures of the W‐DLC films annealed at 500°C were destroyed. Under poly‐alpha olefin lubrication, when the annealing temperature was lower than 300°C, the tribological properties of the W‐DLC films were stable. This occurred because the graphitization of the sample surface was conducive to the removal of abrasive particles.
Halogen‐Free Coatings Combined with the Synergistic Effect of Phytic Acid and Montmorillonite for Fire Safety Flexible Polyurethane Foam
Authors: Li Ping , Liu Chang , Jiang Qi , Tao Ye , Xu YingJun , Liu Yun , Zhu Ping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo overcome defects of some synthetic flame retardants, water‐based coatings using ammonium phytate (AP) and montmorillonite (MMT) as low‐cost renewable materials are fabricated to improve the flame retardancy of flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF). The flame‐retardant FPUF with uniform coatings can avoid melt‐dripping during the vertical flame test (UL‐94), and AP5MMT5/FPUF (flame‐retardant FPUF with the 5:5 weight ratio of AP:MMT in the solutions) reaches a UL‐94 V‐0 rating. A remarkable conclusion can be found that AP and MMT present a synergistic effect under the appropriate proportions. The thermal stabilities of flame retardant FPUF at higher temperature zones are enhanced. Furthermore, flame‐retardant samples prevent the flame from spreading on the surface of FPUF. Cone calorimetry results reveal 67% (AP5MMT5/FPUF) reduction of peak heat release rate relative to pure FPUF, and the release of toxic smoke significantly decreases. AP can catalyze the carbonation of FPUF, and MMT is heated and dehydrated to form a silicon‐containing barrier layer. AP/MMT coatings can form stable and solid physical char layers, which act as a barrier to heat and oxygen exchange, and the release of volatiles is delayed and inhibited. This work introduces a green plan for improving the fire safety of FPUF.
Facile Achievement of Complementary Resistive Switching in Block Copolymer Micelle‐Based Resistive Memories
Authors: Choi Han‐Hyeong , Kim Hyun Jin , Oh Jinwoo , Kim Minsung , Kim Youngjin , Jho Jae Young , Lee Keun Hyung , Son Jeong Gon , Park Jong Hyuk 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInterest in resistive random access memory (RRAM) has grown rapidly in recent years for realizing ultrahigh density data storage devices. However, sneak currents in these devices can result in misreading of the data, thus limiting the applicability of RRAM. Complementary resistive switching (CRS) memory consisting of two antiserial RRAMs can considerably reduce sneak currents; however, complicated device architectures and manufacturing processes still remain as challenges. Herein, an effective and simple approach for fabricating CRS memory devices using self‐assembled block copolymer micelles is reported. Cu ions are selectively placed in the core of polystyrene‐block‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine) spherical micelles, and a hexagonally packed micelle monolayer is prepared through spin‐coating. The micelle monolayer can be a symmetrical resistive switching layer, because the micelles and Cu act as dielectric and active metals in memory devices, respectively. The locally enhanced electric field and Joule heating achieved by the structured Cu atoms inside the micelles promote metal ionization and ion migration in a controlled manner, thus allowing for position selectivity during resistive switching. The micelle‐based memory device exhibits stable and reliable CRS behavior, with a nonoverlapping and narrow distribution of threshold voltages. Therefore, this approach is promising for fabricating CRS memory devices for high‐performance and ultrahigh‐density RRAM applications.
Ankle joint salvage surgery with an ipsilateral mid‐fibula osteocutaneous free flap and contralateral anterolateral thigh free flap: A case report and literature review
Authors: Nunez‐Villaveiran Teresa , Zamora Paul , Masia Jaume , Fernández‐Garrido Manuel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe tibiofibular joint can be reconstructed after distal fibular sarcoma salvage surgery to maintain ankle stability and achieve early gait. Classical reconstructive options include ligamentoplasties, arthrodesis, prosthetic replacement, bone grafts, and pedicled ipsilateral or free contralateral fibular bone flaps. We present a novel strategy for reconstruction of the ankle in an elderly patient and a literature review. A 68‐year‐old man presented with a high‐grade myxofibrosarcoma to his distal fibula. Wide resection of the tumor and adjacent structures left a 12 × 12 × 8 cm defect including the distal fibula (10 cm), a 2 cm fragment of the lateral cortex of the tibia, the lateral anterior and superficial posterior compartments, and the lateral compartment. A 3 cm distal fibula remnant was left in the ankle mortice. Reconstruction was performed using a free ipsilateral 13‐cm diaphyseal osteocutaneous fibular flap telescoped into the distal fibula remnant and anastomosed to the anterior tibial artery. A pre‐bent L‐shaped locking plate was used to reconstruct a syndesmotic joint. A 21 × 13 cm suprafascial ALT flap was anastomosed to the proximal stump of the peroneal artery to cover the soft tissue defect. The patient had no complications and was ambulating with full weight bearing by postoperative week 11. He received postoperative chemo and radiotherapy. Three years postoperatively, he is tumor free, has complete ankle ROM and stability, and ambulates with no restrictions. Limb sparing surgery with a functional tibiofibular joint reconstruction should be considered to attain an early functional recovery after distal fibula sarcomas resection.
Report on the AAPM deep‐learning sparse‐view CT grand challenge
Authors: Sidky Emil Y. , Pan Xiaochuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of the challenge is to find the deep‐learning (DL) technique for sparse‐view computed tomography (CT) image reconstruction that can yield the minimum root mean square error (RMSE) under ideal conditions, thereby addressing the question of whether or not DL can solve inverse problems in imaging.MethodsThe challenge setup involves a 2D breast CT simulation, where the simulated breast phantom has random fibro‐glandular structure and high‐contrast specks. The phantom allows for arbitrarily large training sets to be generated with perfectly known truth. The training set consists of 4000 cases where each case consists of the truth image, 128‐view sinogram data, and the corresponding 128‐view filtered back‐projection (FBP) image. The networks are trained to predict the truth image from either the sinogram or FBP data. Geometry information is not provided. The participating algorithms are tested on a data set consisting of 100 new cases.ResultsAbout 60 groups participated in the challenge at the validation phase, and 25 groups submitted test‐phase results along with reports on their DL methodology. The winning team improved reconstruction accuracy by two orders of magnitude over our previous convolutional neural network (CNN)‐based study on a similar test problem.ConclusionsThe DL‐sparse‐view challenge provides a unique opportunity to examine the state‐of‐the‐art in DL techniques for solving the sparse‐view CT inverse problem.
Insulin sensitivity and kinetics in African American and White people with obesity: Insights from different study protocols
Authors: Koh Han‐Chow E. , Patterson Bruce W. , Reeds Dominic N. , Mittendorfer Bettina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveStudies that used an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) have suggested that race is an important modulator of insulin sensitivity, β‐cell function, and insulin clearance. However, the validity of the IVGTT has been challenged.MethodsThis study assessed insulin sensitivity and insulin kinetics in non‐Hispanic White (NHW, n = 29) and African American (AA, n = 14) people with obesity by using a hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic pancreatic clamp with glucose tracer infusion, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and an IVGTT.ResultsHepatic insulin sensitivity was better in AA participants than in NHW participants. Muscle insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion in relation to plasma glucose during the OGTT, and insulin clearance during basal conditions during the hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic pancreatic clamp and during the OGTT were not different between AA participants and NHW participants. The acute insulin response to the large glucose bolus administered during the IVGTT was double in AA participants compared with NHW participants because of increased insulin secretion and reduced insulin clearance.ConclusionsAA individuals are not more insulin resistant than NHW individuals, and the β‐cell response to glucose ingestion and postprandial insulin clearance are not different between AA individuals and NHW individuals. However, AA individuals have greater insulin secretory capacity and reduced insulin clearance capacity than NHW individuals and might be susceptible to hyperinsulinemia after consuming very large amounts of glucose.
Building the foundation of health‐related knowledge via near‐peer education for children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Hardy Elaissa L. Trybus , Williams Brenda , Harden Christopher , Oshinowo Oluwamayokun , Copeland Renee , Carden Marcus A. , Gee Beatrice E. , Lam Wilbur A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHealth education for children with chronic illnesses (i.e., sickle cell disease [SCD]) has focused on educating adult caregivers with minimal consideration to educating the pediatric patients. We introduce a pediatric‐focused educational paradigm, health‐related knowledge (HRK), teaching pediatric patients developmentally appropriate general health literacy, and disease‐specific knowledge. Using science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education concepts, pediatric‐specific HRK interactive activities address educational gaps: (a) general STEM education; and (b) general health and disease‐specific knowledge to improve clinical outcomes. Total 144 pediatric SCD patients completed HRK activities, revealing overwhelmingly positive feedback (87%). Seventy‐five percent of participants in 6th grade and above demonstrated thorough understanding of the STEM/HRK topics taught.
Improved the surface properties of carbon fiber through hyperbranched polyaryletherketone sizing
Authors: Ma Wei , Wang Xiang , Chen Weiping , Chen Yao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA heat‐resistant soluble hyperbranched polyaryl ether ketone (HPAEK) is synthesized as the main resin of sizing agent and coated on the surface of carbon fiber (CF) with active group. As a result, the monofilament tensile strength of CF is increased by 12.00% and due to the improved fiber surface wettability and interface compatibility between CF and polyether ether ketone (PEEK), a 68.29% increase of interlaminar shear strength is achieved.
Self‐optimization of the V/P switchover and packing pressure for online viscosity compensation during injection molding
Authors: Xu Yuxuan , Xie Pengcheng , Fu Nanhong , Jiao Xiaolong , Wang Jinling , Liu Gang , Dou Xiyu , Zha Yan , Dang Kaifang , Yang Weimin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInjection molding (IM) is one of the essential forming methods for thermoplastic polymers, which is widely used in modern industries such as automobiles, electronics, and medical industries. At present, the machine parameters of the IM machine (IMM) have achieved sufficient high control accuracy and repeatability. However, the viscosity of thermoplastic melt is still easily influenced by the external environment, such as the fluctuations in batches, the compounding in recycled materials, and so on. Conventional IM equipment cannot sense and conduct adjustments correctly, which leads to the production of rejects. A real‐time monitoring and controlling model employed for viscosity compensation was established in this article, which could monitor viscosity fluctuations and implement self‐adjustment in the IM process. Three kinds of polypropylenes (PP) with different viscosity and materials with different percentages of recycled pellets were randomly added into the barrel for comparison. The results revealed that the pressure integral relative to time is able to monitor the melt viscosity and illustrate the IMM to optimize the V/P switchover and packing pressure in the current molding cycle. The part weight could achieve a higher stability and the model could bring about a decrease in weight fluctuations of 50% to 70%.
Effect of expanded glass particle size on compressive properties of vinyl ester syntactic foams
Authors: Singh Ashish Kumar , Behera Rakesh , Shishkin Andrei , Gupta Nikhil 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe most common fillers for syntactic foam development are glass microballoons or fly ash cenospheres. However, the need for improved properties and reduced cost requires exploring other possibilities. In this work, syntactic foams of vinyl ester resin reinforced with expanded glass particles (EG) were fabricated and compressive properties of the composites were studied. The foam EGS was reinforced with smaller particles of size 0.04–0.125 mm in 15, 30, and 45 vol.% and EGL had larger particles of size 0.25–0.5 mm in 15 and 30 vol.%. Compression testing reveals that 45 vol.% smaller particles enhance the modulus of the EGS foam by up to 48% with a 3.4% reduction in yield strength compared to neat resin. Strain rate sensitivity was observed in both the modulus and yield strength values for all composites. Composite EGS with 15 and 30 vol.% filler showed better strength and modulus than the neat resin at 0.01 s−1 strain rate, which is an overall improvement in the material. When compared with the literature data, the foams made in the present work have the highest compressive strength and modulus for the same density.
Revisiting the surface characterization of plasma‐modified polymers
Authors: Berckmans Jorane , Demaude Annaëlle , Merche Delphine , Baert Kitty , Terryn Herman , Hauffman Tom , Reniers François 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMany papers dealing with the surface analysis of plasma polymers or plasma‐modified polymers report the use of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to quantify the surface composition. However, most of the time, quantification is performed using software that includes an equation based on the assumption that the sample is homogeneous in composition. However, for plasma‐treated samples, this is often not the case. The usual analysis of XPS spectra does not allow the exact quantification in the case of an inhomogeneous sample. In this paper, we show that it is possible to obtain a depth profile of the composition, and a more accurate surface composition by using another mathematical approach for surface quantification, being QUASES Tougaard.
Photo‐Induced Discoloration and the Corresponding Mechanism of Benzotrifuroxan under UV Irradiation
Authors: Fu Xiaolin , Chen Jian‐Bo , Zhuang Siqi , Huang Bing , Liu Yu , Wang Junxia , Yang Shiyuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBenzotrifuroxan (BTF) as a powerful and hydrogen‐free explosive discolors under UV irradiation, but the process remains unclear. Herein, we comprehensively investigated the photochemical process and mechanism of BTF under UV irradiation. A pink color is observed in BTF after irradiation with 365‐nm light, while BTF becomes brown by 254‐nm light. Besides BTF, compound 1 is detected by ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography after UV irradiation. Compound 1 is prone to be yielded under 254‐nm irradiation compared to 365‐nm irradiation. Meanwhile, it is easier for the formation of compound 1 in BTF solution rather than solid BTF. Additionally, a small amount of compound 2 is found in BTF solution after 254‐nm irradiation over 120 min. A new photodegradation pathway of BTF is proposed through high‐resolution mass spectrometry. Compound 1 is produced as the main product through the isomerization of the N‐oxide of BTF, and BTF also loses NO to yield compound 2. Through the analysis of scanning electron microscopy, BTF exhibits different crystal structures between 365‐nm irradiation and 254‐nm irradiation. Nano holes are widely observed in solid BTF after 365‐nm irradiation, but these holes disappear under 254‐nm irradiation. Thus, the differences originating from the content of compound 1 and the crystal structure of BTF may lead to the discoloration of BTF under UV irradiation.
Antifungal activity of l‐azetidine‐2‐carboxylic acid isolated from Disporopsis aspera rhizomes against Podosphaera xanthii
Authors: Han Lijuan , Zhao Wangyu , Li Aijuan , Zhou Bo , Zhang Jiwen , Wu Wenjun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDPowdery mildew is one of the fungal diseases commonly occurring in the process of cucurbits protected and open cultivation. Cucumbers, melons and pumpkins are extremely susceptible. The secondary metabolites produced by plants are important sources of fungicides with low toxicity and environment‐friendly characteristics. The aim of this study was to reveal the main active ingredient in the crude extracts of Disporopsis aspera rhizomes that inhibit cucurbits powdery mildew and evaluate its activities.RESULTSIn this study, the crude extracts of Disporopsis aspera rhizomes were found to exhibit excellent antifungal activity aganist Podosphaera xanthii, a causal agent of cucurbits powdery mildew. Based on the bioassay‐guided method, l‐azetidine‐2‐carboxylic acid (l‐Aze) was isolated from this genus for the first time. l‐Aze showed unique curative and eradicative activity against Podosphaera xanthii in vivo, which has never been reported before. Microscopic observation revealed that the curative spraying of l‐Aze could effectively inhibit the mycelial growth, resulting in hollow parts of the mycelia, not forming conidiophores, and interrupting the life cycle of powdery mildew. The eradicative spraying of l‐Aze caused the fracture of mycelia and deformity of conidiophores, which could not continue to produce conidia.CONCLUSIONl‐Aze was the main active ingredient of D. aspera against Podosphaera xanthii, which had both curative and eradicative effects. The results provided a strong possibility of using the crude extracts of D. aspera rhizomes and its main effective component, l‐Aze as biocontrol agents to control cucurbits powdery mildew.
Crocin alleviates cognitive impairment associated with atherosclerosis via improving neuroinflammation in LDLR−/− mice fed a high‐fat/cholesterol diet
Authors: Song Ruijuan , Han Shufen , Gao Hui , Jiang Hui , Li Xinli 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCrocin has been extensively investigated in treating neurodegenerative diseases. However, its effect on cognitive impairment associated with atherosclerosis remains unknown. The present study aimed to explore the potential mechanism of crocin on cognitive impairment in a mouse model of atherosclerosis. LDLR−/− mice fed a high‐fat/cholesterol diet were administered variable‐dose crocin for 56 days through gavage. Biochemical tests showed that serum triglycerides and circulating lipopolysaccharide decreased in mice treated with crocin. Behavioral tests indicated that crocin alleviated cognitive impairment by reducing latency to the platform and increasing the swimming distance in the target quadrant. This mechanism might be associated with crocin inhibiting Aβ deposition by decreasing Aβ1‐42 and tau phosphorylation. Crocin improved neuroinflammation by inhibiting the increase in reactive microglia and astrocytes, weakening NLRP3 inflammasome activation accompanied by a reduction in Caspase‐1 and IL‐1β, and blocking TLR4 signaling accompanied by a decrease in NF‐kB p65 and MyD88. In addition, crocin raised the protein expression of ZO‐1 and occludin. These findings provide experimental support that crocin attenuates cognitive impairment associated with atherosclerosis by repressing neuroinflammation, which is attributed to its suppression on the activation of microglia and astrocytes, and the production of inflammatory cytokines via targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome and TLR4 signaling.