bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma levels of platelet-enriched microRNAs change during antiplatelet therapy in healthy subjects
Authors: Krammer Teresa L. , Kollars Marietta , Kyrle Paul A. , Hackl Matthias , Eichinger Sabine , Traby Ludwig 
Published: December 2022

Platelets are the main effectors of primary hemostasis but also cause thrombosis in pathological conditions. Antiplatelet drugs are the cornerstone for the prevention of adverse cardiovascular events. Monitoring the extent of platelet inhibition is essential. Currently available platelet function tests come with constraints, limiting use in antiplatelet drug development as well as in clinical routine. With this study, we aim to investigate whether plasma miRNAs might be suitable biomarkers for monitoring antiplatelet treatment. Platelet-poor plasma was obtained from a trial including 87 healthy male volunteers that either received ticagrelor (n = 44) or clopidogrel (n = 43). Blood was collected before drug intake and after 2 h, 6 h, and 24 h. We measured a panel of 11 platelet-enriched miRNAs (thrombomiRs) by RT-qPCR and selected four biomarker candidates (i.e., miR-223-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-24-3p). To further characterize those miRNAs, we performed correlation analyses with the number of extracellular vesicles and clotting time dependent on procoagulant vesicles (PPL assay). We show that platelet-enriched miRNAs in the circulation are significantly reduced upon P2Y12-mediated platelet inhibition. This effect occurred fast, reaching its peak after 2 h. Additionally, we demonstrate that higher baseline levels of thrombomiRs are linked to a stronger reduction upon antiplatelet therapy. Finally, we show that miRNAs from our panel might be the cargo of platelet-derived and procoagulant vesicles. In conclusion, we provide evidence that thrombomiR levels change within 2 h after pharmacological platelet inhibition and circulate the body within platelet-derived and procoagulant extracellular vesicles, rendering them potential biomarker candidates for the assessment of in vivo platelet function.
A high-efficiency PEG-Ca2+-mediated transient transformation system for broccoli protoplasts
Authors: Yang Dongxu , Zhao Yongyu , Liu Yumei , Han Fengqing , Li Zhansheng 
Published: December 2022

Transient transformation of plant protoplasts is an important method for studying gene function, subcellular localization and plant morphological development. In this study, an efficient transient transformation system was established by optimizing the plasmid concentration, PEG4000 mass concentration and genotype selection, key factors that affect transformation efficiency. Meanwhile, an efficient and universal broccoli protoplast isolation system was established. Using 0.5% (w/v) cellulase R-10 and 0.1% (w/v) pectolyase Y-23 to hydrolyze broccoli cotyledons of three different genotypes for 3 h, the yield was more than 5×106/mL/g, and the viability was more than 95%, sufficient to meet the high standards for protoplasts to be used in various experiments. The average transformation efficiency of the two plasmid vectors PHG-eGFP and CP507-YFP in broccoli B1 protoplasts were 61.4% and 41.7%, respectively. Using this system, we successfully performed subcellular localization of the products of three target genes (the clubroot resistance gene CRa and two key genes regulated by glucosinolates, Bol029100 and Bol031350).The results showed that the products of all three genes were localized in the nucleus. The high-efficiency transient transformation system for broccoli protoplasts constructed in this study makes it possible to reliably acquire high-viability protoplasts in high yield. This research provides important technical support for international frontier research fields such as single-cell sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, plant somatic hybridization, gene function analysis and subcellular localization.
A multiple baseline trial of adapted prolonged exposure psychotherapy for individuals with early phase psychosis, comorbid substance misuse, and a history of adversity: A study protocol
Authors: Patterson Victoria C. , Tibbo Philip G. , Stewart Sherry H. , Town Joel , Crocker Candice E. , Ursuliak Zenovia , Lee Siranda , Morrison Jason , Abidi Sabina , Dempster Kara , Alexiadis Maria , Henderson Neal , Pencer Alissa 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundAdversity is prevalent among people with psychotic disorders, especially those within the first 5 years of a psychotic disorder, called early phase psychosis. Although adversity can lead to many negative outcomes (e.g., posttraumatic stress symptoms), very few treatments for adversity-related sequelae have been tested with individuals with psychotic disorders, and even fewer studies have specifically tested interventions for people in early phase psychosis. Furthermore, people who misuse substances are commonly excluded from adversity treatment trials, which is problematic given that individuals with early phase psychosis have high rates of substance misuse. For the first time, this trial will examine the outcomes of an adapted 15-session prolonged exposure protocol (i.e., PE+) to observe whether reductions in adversity-related psychopathology occurs among people with early phase psychosis and comorbid substance misuse.MethodsThis study will use a multiple-baseline design with randomization of participants to treatment start time. Participants will complete baseline appointments prior to therapy, engage in assessments between each of the five therapy modules, and complete a series of follow-up appointments 2 months after the completion of therapy. Primary hypothesized outcomes include clinically significant reductions in (1) negative psychotic symptoms measured using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, (2) adversity-related sequelae measured using the Trauma Symptom Checklist-40, and (3) substance use frequency and overall risk score measured with the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test. We also anticipate that clinically significant reductions in hopelessness and experiential avoidance, measured with the Beck Hopelessness Scale and Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire, the theorized mechanisms of change of PE+, will also be observed. A secondary outcome is a hypothesized improvement in functioning, measured using the Clinical Global Impression and Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment scales.DiscussionThe results of this treatment trial will contribute to the advancement of treatment research for individuals in early phase psychosis who have current substance misuse and a history of adversity, and the findings may provide evidence supporting the use of hopelessness and experiential avoidance as mechanisms of change for this treatment.Clinical trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov, NCT04546178; registered August 28, 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04546178?term=NCT04546178&amp;draw=2&amp;rank=1.
Interactivity in learning instructional videos: Sending danmaku improved parasocial interaction but reduced learning performance
Authors: Mou Ya , Jing Bin , Li Yichun , Fang Nanyang , Wu Changcheng 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionThe instructional video is considered to be one of the most distinct and effective virtual learning tools. However, one of its biggest drawbacks is the lack of social interaction that occurs. This study tested the impact of participants sending zero danmaku (sending messages on the screen), three danmaku sending, and unlimited danmaku as an instructional video plays on learning performance.MethodsWe assessed learners’ retention and transfer scores, as well as self-report scores for cognitive load and parasocial interaction. This study sample comprised 104 participants who were randomly assigned to learn from one of three instructional videos on the topic of the heart.ResultsThe results showed that sending danmaku improved learners’ parasocial interaction, while significantly increasing their cognitive load and also hindering learning performance. The observed increase in cognitive load reported by learners was also caused by increased levels of parasocial interaction.DiscussionOur findings suggest that by sending danmaku, learners can promote interactive learning, but that this has a negative impact on learning performance and the process of video learning.
Does the eight-factor “power to live” in disaster exist since childhood?
Authors: Matsuzaki Yutaka , Ishibashi Ryo , Yasuda Mari , Tanabe-Ishibashi Azumi , Honda Akio , Abe Tsuneyuki , Sugiura Motoaki 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundStudies on the survivors of the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami have revealed eight factors, called power to live, which are closely related to resilience and effective coping after intense and prolonged stress. However, whether the eight factors, which were examined in adults, are applicable to children is unclear. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the eight-factor structure of power to live was present since late childhood.MethodA 34-item power to live questionnaire was filled by middle- to upper-grade elementary (n = 378) and junior high school students (n = 456). Moreover, because elementary school students may lack introspective ability, their power to live was evaluated through a parental assessment (n = 358). Additionally, we examined the relationship between each power to live factor and questions regarding disaster prevention awareness among 25 elementary school students.ResultsThe results from confirmatory factor analysis for factor structure revealed generally acceptable fit indices. The reports from elementary school students and their parents significantly positively correlated with each power to live factor. Although reliability indices for factors such as stubbornness, etiquette, self-transcendence, and active well-being were not good for elementary school students, the reliability indices for all factors, excluding stubbornness, increased in junior high school students. Moreover, we identified a correlation between problem-solving, altruism, and emotional regulation and questionnaire items regarding awareness of disaster prevention in elementary school students.ConclusionOur results suggest that although factors common to adults, such as leadership, problem-solving, altruism, and emotional regulation, were identified at the elementary school stage, some factors, such as stubbornness, are in the process of being formed. Future studies should examine the developmental changes assumed to underlie these factors and their relationship to experience and neurodevelopmental basis.
General health status and psychological impact of COVID19 pandemic and curfew on children aging 3 to 12 years
Authors: Shamsah Abdullah , Aburezq Maryam , Abdullah Zahraa , Khamissi Fatemeh , Almaateeq Batool , AlAlban Fatima , Almashmoom Sarah , Ziyab Ali 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundCOVID-19 is an infectious disease that was declared as a pandemic and public health emergency in late 2019 and has impacted children's mental health worldwide. This study aimed to assess the general and mental health status of children during different stages of COVID-19 pandemic, and to identify the associated factors.MethodsA cross-sectional study conducted on children aging 3 to 12 years in Kuwait during three different stages of COVID19 pandemic (pre-total curfew, during total curfew, and post-total curfew). The psychological status was assessed using the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria.ResultsOf 2157 children between the age of 3 to 12 years old, 853 (39.5%) reported increased level of aggression, 789 (36.6%) over-crying, 749 (34.7%) sadness, 493 (22.9%) anxiety, 429 (19.9%) anhedonia, 383 (17.8%) confusion, 274 (12.7%) nightmares, 177 (8.2%) avoidance, 174 (8.1%) physical symptoms and 121 (5.6%) bedwetting during the pandemic. General health status was also affected with reported disturbed sleeping pattern (84.6%), altered appetite (50.9%) and weight changes (36.9%), mainly weight gain. Risk factors included being non-national, as well as having lower parental educational level and lower socioeconomic status; while protective factors involved meeting classmates, indoor and outdoor activities, and less screen time.ConclusionsCOVID19 crisis had drastic impact on children's mental and general health, requiring serious action regarding evaluating this generation and intervening accordingly.
Assessing UAV-based laser scanning for monitoring glacial processes and interactions at high spatial and temporal resolutions
Authors: Baurley Nathaniel R. , Tomsett Christopher , Hart Jane K. 
Published: December 2022

Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), in combination with Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry, have become an established tool for reconstructing glacial and ice-marginal topography, yet the method is highly dependent on several factors, all of which can be highly variable in glacial environments. However, recent technological advancements, related primarily to the miniaturisation of new payloads such as compact Laser Scanners (LS), has provided potential new opportunities for cryospheric investigation. Indeed, UAV-LS systems have shown promise in forestry, river, and snow depth research, but to date the method has yet to be deployed in glacial settings. As such, in this study we assessed the suitability of UAV-LS for glacial research by investigating short-term changes in ice surface elevation, calving front geometry and crevasse morphology over the near-terminus region of an actively calving glacier in southeast Iceland. We undertook repeat surveys over a 0.1 km2region of the glacier at sub-daily, daily, and weekly temporal intervals, producing directly georeferenced point clouds at very high spatial resolutions (average of &gt;300 points per m−2at 40 m flying height). Our data has enabled us to: 1) Accurately map surface elevation changes (Median errors under 0.1 m), 2) Reconstruct the geometry and evolution of an active calving front, 3) Produce more accurate estimates of the volume of ice lost through calving, and 4) Better detect surface crevasse morphology, providing future scope to extract size, depth and improve the monitoring of their evolution through time. We also compared our results to data obtained in parallel using UAV-SfM, which further emphasised the relative advantages of our method and suitability in glaciology. Consequently, our study highlights the potential of UAV-LS in glacial research, particularly for investigating glacier mass balance, changing ice dynamics, and calving glacier behaviour, and thus we suggest it has a significant role in advancing our knowledge of, and ability to monitor, rapidly changing glacial environments in future.
Exploring marine mammal presence across seven US national marine sanctuaries
Authors: DeAngelis Annamaria I. , Van Parijs Sofie M. , Barkowski Jack , Baumann-Pickering Simone , Burger Kourtney , Davis Genevieve E. , Joseph John , Kok Annebelle C. M. , Kügler Anke , Lammers Marc , Margolina Tetyana , Pegg Nicole , Rice Ally , Rowell Timothy J. , Ryan John P. , Stokoe Allison , Zang Eden , Hatch Leila 
Published: December 2022

The United States of America’s Office of National Marine Sanctuaries (ONMS) hosts 15 National Marine Sanctuaries (NMS) and two Monuments in its waters. Charismatic marine megafauna, such as fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus), humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae), and various delphinid species frequent these areas, but little is known about their occupancy. As part of a national effort to better understand the soundscapes of NMS, 22 near-continuous passive acoustic bottom mounted recorders and one bottom-mounted cable hydrophone were analyzed within seven NMS (Stellwagen Bank, Gray’s Reef, Florida Keys, Olympic Coast, Monterey Bay, Channel Islands, and Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale sanctuaries). The daily acoustic presence of humpback and fin whales across 2 years (November 2018–October 2020) and hourly presence of delphinids over 1 year (June 2019–May 2020) were analyzed. Humpback whales showed variability in their acoustic presence across NMS, but in general were mostly present January through May and September through December, and more scarce or fully absent June through August. Consecutive days of humpback whale vocalizations were greatest at sites HI01 and HI05 in the Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale NMS and fewest at the Channel Islands NMS. Fin whales exhibited a similar seasonal pattern across the West Coast NMS and Stellwagen Bank NMS. Monterey Bay NMS had the greatest number of median consecutive presence of fin whales with fewest at Stellwagen Bank NMS. Delphinid acoustic presence varied throughout and within NMS, with sites at the Channel Islands and Hawaiʻi NMS showing the highest occupancy. All NMS showed distinct monthly delphinid acoustic presence with differences in detected hours between dayversusnight. Sixteen sites had medians of delphinid presence between one and three consecutive days, while three sites had 5 days or more of consecutive presence, and one site had no consecutive delphinid presence, showing clear variation in how long they occupied different NMS. Marine mammals utilized all NMS and showed a wide range of occupancy, emphasizing the importance of understanding species use across different NMS as biological areas for migration, breeding and foraging.
Effect of Carbohydrate Nutrition on Egg Load and Population Parameters of Four Trichogramma Species
Authors: Wang Yong , Iqbal Asim , Mu Ming-Yue , Zang Zhuo-Yi , Hou Yang-Yang , Zang Lian-Sheng 
Published: December 2022

Trichogramma parasitoids are the most widely used biocontrol agents and play a crucial role in the biological control of agricultural and forest pests. Many studies have shown that Trichogramma parasitoids feeding on carbohydrate rich diet can effectively improve their egg laying capacity and longevity. However, few studies have reported the impact of carbohydrate-rich diet on the biological parameters of different species of Trichogramma parasitoids. In this study, we compared the differences between the biological parameters of four Trichogramma species (T. dendrolimi, T. chilonis, T. leucaniae and T. ostriniae) before and after feeding on carbohydrate-rich diet. The results showed that all the biological parameters of Trichogramma species improved after feed on carbohydrate-rich diet. After eclosion, T. dendrolimi had the highest egg load (51.89 eggs) followed by T. chilonis (26.86 eggs), T. ostriniae (24.71 eggs), and T. leucaniae (12.44 eggs). Trichogramma dendrolimi showed an increased trend in egg load (66.7–86.21 eggs) after feeding on carbohydrate-rich diet, followed by T. chilonis (33.12–45.56 eggs), as compared to the other three species. Furthermore, T. leucaniae and T. ostriniae benefited much less from the ingestion of carbohydrate-rich diet, as only accelerated egg maturation in T. ostriniae was observed. Most of the egg loads consisted of matured eggs, so the trend of mature eggs was the same as that of the egg load. We also tested the population parameters of the Trichogramma species using the TWOSEX-MSChart. The results showed that the Trichogramma species fed with a honey diet had higher fecundities, i.e., T. dendrolimi (146.64), T. chilonis (173.53), T. leucaniae (83.69), and T. ostriniae (80.45), than when fed with water, i.e., 78.49, 40.15, 32.45 and 35.47, respectively. T. dendrolimi and T. chilonis had a higher intrinsic rate of increase r (0.4178 d−1, 0.3933 d−1), finite rate of increase λ (1.5186 d−1, 1.4818 d−1), and net reproductive rate R0 (130 offspring, 147.4 offspring), than T. leucaniae and T. ostriniae (r = 0.3373 d−1, 0.3317 d−1; λ = 1.4011 d−1, 1.3934 d−1; R0 = 73.2 offspring, 68.1 offspring) after feeding on a honey diet. We conclude that carbohydrate-rich diet significantly enhanced the biological control efficacy of Trichogramma, but the performance differed among different species. The results of this study contribute to improving the efficient application of Trichogramma parasitoids in the field.
Promotion Effects of Taxus chinensis var. mairei on Camptotheca acuminata Seedling Growth in Interplanting Mode
Authors: Zhao Chunjian , Shi Sen , Ahmad Naveed , Gao Yinxiang , Xu Chunguo , Guan Jiajing , Fu Xiaodong , Li Chunying 
Published: December 2022

Wild Camptotheca acuminata Decne (C. acuminata) resources are becoming endangered and face poor growth. Preliminary investigation results found that the growth of C. acuminata in an artificial mixed forest of Taxus chinensis var. mairei (Lemee et Levl.), Cheng et L. K. Fu (T. chinensis var. mairei) and C. acuminata was significantly higher than that in pure forests. Understanding the reasons for the above differences can help create a mixed forest of T. chinensis var. mairei and C. acuminata to solve the problem of depleting C. acuminata resources. In this study, the growth and soil indexes under two different modes (C. acuminata/T. chinensis var. mairei interplanted and monocultured C. acuminata seedlings) were compared. The results showed that plant height, basal diameter, photosynthesis rate and chlorophyll content of C. acuminata under the interplanting mode were higher than those under monoculture. The growth rates of plant height and basal diameter that were calculated from interplanted specimens increased by 25% and 40%, respectively, compared with those from specimens that were monocultured. Photosynthetic rates from different light intensities under interplanting were higher than those in seedlings under monoculture. The contents of chlorophylls a and b and total chlorophyll under interplanting were 1.50, 1.59, and 1.47 times higher than those under monoculture, respectively. The numbers of bacteria and fungi in the interplanted culture were higher than those in the monoculture. Furthermore, the differences in microbial diversity under different planting modes were analyzed via the amplicon sequencing method. Soil enzyme activities increased under interplanting compared with that in the monoculture. Taxane allelochemicals were detected in the range of 0.01–0.67 μg/g in the interplanting mode from April to September. T. chinensis var. mairei may increase the establishment and productivity of C. acuminata seedlings under interplanting mode through improvements in enzyme activity, changes in microorganism population structure, and release of allelochemicals.
Predicting the Impact of Climate Change on the Distribution of a Neglected Arboviruses Vector (Armigeres subalbatus) in China
Authors: Wang Gang , Zhang Dongjing , Khan Jehangir , Guo Jiatian , Feng Qingdeng , Sun Yan , Li Beiqing , Wu Yu , Wu Zhongdao , Zheng Xiaoying 
Published: December 2022

The geographic boundaries of arboviruses continue to expand, posing a major health threat to millions of people around the world. This expansion is related to the availability of effective vectors and suitable habitats. Armigeres subalbatus (Coquillett, 1898), a common and neglected species, is of increasing interest given its potential vector capacity for Zika virus. However, potential distribution patterns and the underlying driving factors of Ar. subalbatus remain unknown. In the current study, detailed maps of their potential distributions were developed under both the current as well as future climate change scenarios (SSP126 and SSP585) based on CMIP6 data, employing the MaxEnt model. The results showed that the distribution of the Ar. subalbatus was mainly affected by temperature. Mean diurnal range was the strongest predictor in shaping the distribution of Ar. subalbatus, with an 85.2% contribution rate. By the 2050s and 2070s, Ar. subalbatus will have a broader potential distribution across China. There are two suitable expansion types under climate change in the 2050s and 2070s. The first type is continuous distribution expansion, and the second type is sporadic distribution expansion. Our comprehensive analysis of Ar. subalbatus’s suitable distribution areas shifts under climate change and provides useful and insightful information for developing management strategies for future arboviruses.