bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Technical Guide to Palliative Ablation of Recurrent Cancers in the Deep Spaces of the Suprahyoid Neck
Authors: Hui Terrence Chi Hong , Lim Ming Yann , Karandikar Amit Anand , Loke Siu Cheng , Pua Uei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTreatment options for patients with recurrent head and neck cancer, whether locoregional recurrence of previously treated head and neck cancer or secondary primary malignancy, are limited. Percutaneous ablation is a minimally invasive procedure that can be used with palliative intent in the head and neck to achieve symptomatic relief and local tumor control, potentially fulfilling treatment gaps of current standard of care options. Image guidance is key when navigating the deep spaces of the neck with special attention paid to critical structures within the carotid sheath. This review article provides an overview and highlights the important nuances of performing percutaneous ablations in the head and neck. It covers general principles, ablative modalities, image guidance, procedural technique, expected outcomes, and possible complications.
Genicular Artery Embolization for Primary Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Tyagi Ravi , Ahmed S. Samaduddin , Koethe Yilun , Raskind Aleksandr , Ahmed Osman 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGenicular artery embolization (GAE) is a novel treatment for knee osteoarthritis (OA) with increasing interest and utilization worldwide. The genicular arteries are selectively embolized using microspheres with subsequent cessation of abnormal synovial hyperemia, a process believed to arrest the inflammatory changes and pain associated with OA. Current data indicate that GAE offers sustained, 6-month improvement in Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) and visual analog scale scores in 80 to 85% of patients with mild to moderate OA. As GAE gains traction, future studies are needed to establish its safety and efficacy relative to placebo and other standard-of-care therapies while also characterizing populations for which it is most effective.
The impact of laser energy on the photoresponsive characteristics of CdO/Si visible light photodetector
Authors: Bashir Mohamed Bashir Ali , Salih Ethar Yahya , Rajpar Altaf Hussain , Bahmanrokh Ghazaleh , Mohd Sabri Mohd Faizul 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this article, cadmium oxide (CdO) was deposited using pulsed laser deposition approach on porous silicon (Si) wafer for visible light photodetector application, through which a series of devices were proposed as a function of the deposition energy. The microstructural as well as optical characteristics of the prepared film/s were demonstrated, respectively, using x-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and ultraviolet visible light spectroscopy (UV–Vis) analysis. In details, the UV–Vis analysis revealed the occurrence of optical band gaps within the range of 2.38–2.42eV, while an average nanoparticle diameter was found to be 45nmusing FE-SEM technique. This in turn demonstrated a sound relation with the photoresponsive behavior of the attained photodetectors. A photoresponsivity and specific detectivity of 1.9μAmW−1and1.21×109Jones were attained using 700mJlaser energy. In the meanwhile, the estimated response/recover time of the addressed laser energy was found to be 300sand 340s, respectively. The photo-responsive characteristics of the fabricated devices were found to be in positive linear correlation with the applied laser energy.
Kinetics of charged species in non-equilibrium plasma in water vapor- and hydrocarbon-containing gaseous mixtures
Authors: Aleksandrov N L , Bazelyan E M , Ponomarev A A , Starikovsky A Yu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this review we describe the kinetics of non-equilibrium discharge plasma when the ion composition is dominated by water or hydrocarbon ions. Plasmas with water ions are formed in atmospheric discharges and discharges in the presence of liquid water or water vapor, including plasma applications for air purification, medicine and combustion. Reactions with hydrocarbon ions play an important role in interstellar chemistry, plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, synthetic diamond film deposition and plasma assisted combustion. The modeling of water ion chemistry and chemistry of hydrocarbon-containing plasmas requires large amount of data on the rates of ion formation and loss. This review provides the core database for the rate coefficients describing the kinetics of charged particles in plasmas with water and hydrocarbon ions as a function of temperature, pressure, and local electric field. Particular attention is given to cluster ions, which are important at not-too-low gas pressures, whereas the majority of studies of ion–molecule reactions have been performed at low pressures in the absence of cluster ions. To illustrate importance of the described processes, the development of streamer discharges in long humid air gaps is discussed and the influence of water ions on the streamer properties is demonstrated. In addition, the decay of non-equilibrium plasma with water and hydrocarbon ions is analyzed in combustible gaseous mixtures excited by a repetitively pulsed nanosecond discharge.
Constant frequency reconfigurable terahertz metasurface based on tunable electromagnetically induced transparency-like approach
Authors: Cao Pengfei , Li Yuan , Deng Yubo , Wu Yuyao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA terahertz constant frequency reconfigurable metasurface based on tunable electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like property was designed, whose transparency window frequency did not vary with Fermi energy. This structure was composed of two single-layer graphene resonators, namely, left double big rings and right double small rings. An evident transparency window (EIT-like phenomenon) was caused by the near-field coupling between bright modes of the two resonators in the transmission spectrum, in which amplitude over 80% was acquired at 1.98 THz. By individually reconfiguring the Fermi energy of each resonator, the EIT-like effects, transparency window amplitude, modulation speed and group delay could be actively controlled while the frequency of EIT-like window remained constant. Significantly, the transparency window was fully modulated without changing the frequency, and the maximum modulation depth reached 78%. Furthermore, the modulation speed also increased because the total graphene areaAwas effectively reduced in the proposed structure. Compared with other metasurface structures, the modulation properties of the proposed structure showed higher performance while the EIT-like window frequency remained static. This research provides an alternative method for developing constant frequency reconfigurable modulation terahertz devices (such as optical switches and modulators), as well as a potential approach for miniaturization of terahertz devices.
Tuning curved DNA origami structures through mechanical design and chemical adducts
Authors: Xie Chun , Hu Yingxin , Chen Zhekun , Chen Kuiting , Pan Linqiang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The bending and twisting of DNA origami structures are important features for controlling the physical properties of DNA nanodevices. It has not been fully explored yet how to finely tune the bending and twisting of curved DNA structures. Traditional tuning of the curved DNA structures was limited to controlling the in-plane-bending angle through varying the numbers of base pairs of deletions and insertions. Here, we developed two tuning strategies of curved DNA origami structures from in silico and in vitro aspects. In silico, the out-of-plane bending and twisting angles of curved structures were introduced, and were tuned through varying the patterns of base pair deletions and insertions. In vitro, a chemical adduct (ethidium bromide) was applied to dynamically tune a curved spiral. The 3D structural conformations, like chirality, of the curved DNA structures were finely tuned through these two strategies. The simulation and TEM results demonstrated that the patterns of base pair insertions and deletions and chemical adducts could effectively tune the bending and twisting of curved DNA origami structures. These strategies expand the programmable accuracy of curved DNA origami structures and have potential in building efficient dynamic functional nanodevices.
Physical mechanisms of the influence of γ-ray surface treatment on the characteristics of close AuNi/n–n+-GaN Schottky contacts
Authors: Torkhov Nikolay A , Gradoboev Alexandr V , Budnyaev Vadim A , Ivonin Ivan V , Novikov Vadim A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The results obtained here suggest that low-dose 60Co γ-irradiation (Dγ
∼ 140 Gy) has a complex effect on close AuNi/n–n+-GaN{0001} Schottky contacts. This manifests in the disappearance of current steps in the initial section of the forward current–voltage curve, improvement in the average values of the ideality factor n, a decrease in the average values of the true Schottky barrier height ϕ
bn in the middle section and an increase in series resistance R
S and enhancement of the inhomogeneous metal–semiconductor contact series resistance effect in the final section. In all cases, the observed changes are sustainable. A combination of the Zur–McGill–Smith close Schottky contact defect model, the inhomogeneous contact model and the radiation-induced defect formation model provides an explanation for the physical mechanisms of changes observed in electrophysical and instrumental characteristics after γ-irradiation. Such mechanisms are associated with changes in the electrophysical nature of GaN structural defects (dislocations and interface states) and degradation of the homogeneity of contact conductivity. This paper shows that the low-temperature anomaly also manifests itself in close AuNi/n–n+-GaN Schottky contacts subjected to γ-irradiation.
Driven superconducting vortex dynamics in systems with twofold anisotropy in the presence of pinning
Authors: Roe E J , Eskildsen M R , Reichhardt C , Reichhardt C J O 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We examine the dynamics of superconducting vortices with twofold anisotropic interaction potentials driven over random pinning, and compare the behavior under drives applied along the hard and the soft anisotropy directions. As the driving force increases, the number of topological defects reaches a maximum near the depinning threshold, and then decreases as the vortices form one-dimensional (1D) chains. This coincides with a transition from a pinned nematic to a moving smectic aligned with the soft anisotropy direction. The system is generally more ordered when the drive is applied along the soft direction of the anisotropy. For driving along the hard direction, there is a critical value of the twofold anisotropy above which the system remains aligned with the soft direction. Hysteretic behavior appears upon cycling the driving force, with 1D vortex chains persisting during the decreasing leg below the threshold for chain formation for increasing drive. More anisotropic systems have a greater amount of structural disorder in the moving state. For lower anisotropy, the system forms a moving smectic-A state, while at higher anisotropy, a moving nematic state appears instead.
Multi-messenger detection prospects of gamma-ray burst afterglows with optical jumps
Authors: Guarini Ersilia , Tamborra Irene , Bégué Damien , Pitik Tetyana , Greiner Jochen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Some afterglow light curves of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) exhibit very complex temporal and
spectral features, such as a sudden intensity jump about one hour after the prompt emission in the
optical band. We assume that this feature is due to the late collision of two relativistic shells
and investigate the corresponding high-energy neutrino emission within a multi-messenger
framework, while contrasting our findings with the ones from the classic afterglow model. For a
constant density circumburst medium, the total number of emitted neutrinos can increase by about
an order of magnitude when an optical jump occurs with respect to the self-similar afterglow
scenario. By exploring the detection prospects with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory and future
radio arrays such as IceCube-Gen2 radio, RNO-G and GRAND200k, as well as the POEMMA spacecraft, we
conclude that the detection of neutrinos with IceCube-Gen2 radio could enable us to constrain the
fraction of GRB afterglows with a jump as well as the properties of the circumburst medium. We
also investigate the neutrino signal expected for the afterglows of GRB 100621A and a GRB
130427A-like burst with an optical jump. The detection of neutrinos from GRB afterglows could be
crucial to explore the yet-to-be unveiled mechanism powering the optical jumps.
Enumeration of algebraic and tropical singular hypersurfaces
Authors: Sinichkin Uriel 
Published: June 2022

We develop a version of Mikhalkin’s lattice path algorithm for projective hypersurfaces of arbitrary degree and dimension, which enumerates singular tropical hypersurfaces passing through appropriate configuration of points. By proving a correspondence theorem combined with the lattice path algorithm, we construct a

δ
\delta

dimensional linear space of degree

d
d

real hypersurfaces containing

1

δ
!

(

γ
n

d
n

)

δ

+
O
(

d

n
δ
−
1

)

\frac {1}{\delta !}(\gamma _nd^n)^{\delta }+O(d^{n\delta -1})

hypersurfaces with

δ
\delta

real nodes, where

γ
n

\gamma _n

are positive and given by a recursive formula. This is asymptotically comparable to the number

1

δ
!

(
(
n
+
1
)
(
d
−
1

)
n

)

δ

+
O

(

d

n
(
δ
−
1
)

)

\frac {1}{\delta !} \left ( (n+1)(d-1)^n \right )^{\delta }+O\left (d^{n(\delta -1)} \right )

of complex hypersurfaces having

δ
\delta

nodes in a

δ
\delta

dimensional linear space. In the case

δ
=
1

\delta =1

we give a slightly better leading term.
A probabilistic gene expression barcode for annotation of cell types from single-cell RNA-seq data
Authors: Grabski Isabella N , Irizarry Rafael A 
Published: June 2022

SUMMARY
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) quantifies gene expression for individual cells in a sample, which allows distinct cell-type populations to be identified and characterized. An important step in many scRNA-seq analysis pipelines is the annotation of cells into known cell types. While this can be achieved using experimental techniques, such as fluorescence-activated cell sorting, these approaches are impractical for large numbers of cells. This motivates the development of data-driven cell-type annotation methods. We find limitations with current approaches due to the reliance on known marker genes or from overfitting because of systematic differences, or batch effects, between studies. Here, we present a statistical approach that leverages public data sets to combine information across thousands of genes, uses a latent variable model to define cell-type-specific barcodes and account for batch effect variation, and probabilistically annotates cell-type identity from a reference of known cell types. The barcoding approach also provides a new way to discover marker genes. Using a range of data sets, including those generated to represent imperfect real-world reference data, we demonstrate that our approach substantially outperforms current reference-based methods, particularly when predicting across studies.
A hierarchical prior for generalized linear models based on predictions for the mean response
Authors: Alt Ethan M , Psioda Matthew A , Ibrahim Joseph G 
Published: June 2022

Summary
There has been increased interest in using prior information in statistical analyses. For example, in rare diseases, it can be difficult to establish treatment efficacy based solely on data from a prospective study due to low sample sizes. To overcome this issue, an informative prior to the treatment effect may be elicited. We develop a novel extension of the conjugate prior of Chen and Ibrahim (2003) that enables practitioners to elicit a prior prediction for the mean response for generalized linear models, treating the prediction as random. We refer to the hierarchical prior as the hierarchical prediction prior (HPP). For independent and identically distributed settings and the normal linear model, we derive cases for which the hyperprior is a conjugate prior. We also develop an extension of the HPP in situations where summary statistics from a previous study are available. The HPP allows for discounting based on the quality of individual level predictions, and simulation results suggest that, compared to the conjugate prior and the power prior, the HPP efficiency gains (e.g., lower mean squared error) where predictions are incompatible with the data. An efficient Monte Carlo Markov chain algorithm is developed. Applications illustrate that inferences under the HPP are more robust to prior-data conflict compared to selected nonhierarchical priors.
Towards network-guided neuromodulation for epilepsy
Authors: Piper Rory J , Richardson R Mark , Worrell Gregory , Carmichael David W , Baldeweg Torsten , Litt Brian , Denison Timothy , Tisdall Martin M 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEpilepsy is well-recognized as a disorder of brain networks. There is a growing body of research to identify critical nodes within dynamic epileptic networks with the aim to target therapies that halt the onset and propagation of seizures. In parallel, intracranial neuromodulation, including deep brain stimulation and responsive neurostimulation, are well-established and expanding as therapies to reduce seizures in adults with focal-onset epilepsy; and there is emerging evidence for their efficacy in children and generalized-onset seizure disorders. The convergence of these advancing fields is driving an era of ‘network-guided neuromodulation’ for epilepsy. In this review, we distil the current literature on network mechanisms underlying neurostimulation for epilepsy. We discuss the modulation of key ‘propagation points’ in the epileptogenic network, focusing primarily on thalamic nuclei targeted in current clinical practice. These include (i) the anterior nucleus of thalamus, now a clinically approved and targeted site for open loop stimulation, and increasingly targeted for responsive neurostimulation; and (ii) the centromedian nucleus of the thalamus, a target for both deep brain stimulation and responsive neurostimulation in generalized-onset epilepsies. We discuss briefly the networks associated with other emerging neuromodulation targets, such as the pulvinar of the thalamus, piriform cortex, septal area, subthalamic nucleus, cerebellum and others. We report synergistic findings garnered from multiple modalities of investigation that have revealed structural and functional networks associated with these propagation points — including scalp and invasive EEG, and diffusion and functional MRI. We also report on intracranial recordings from implanted devices which provide us data on the dynamic networks we are aiming to modulate. Finally, we review the continuing evolution of network-guided neuromodulation for epilepsy to accelerate progress towards two translational goals: (i) to use pre-surgical network analyses to determine patient candidacy for neurostimulation for epilepsy by providing network biomarkers that predict efficacy; and (ii) to deliver precise, personalized and effective antiepileptic stimulation to prevent and arrest seizure propagation through mapping and modulation of each patients’ individual epileptogenic networks.
Ageing meets kidney disease
Authors: Ortiz Alberto , Mattace-Raso Francesco , Soler María José , Fouque Denis 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as abnormalities of kidney structure or function, present for ˃3 months, with implications for health. The most used diagnostic criteria are a urinary albumin: creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g or an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Either of these diagnostic thresholds is associated with adverse health outcomes. GFR decreases with age and the prevalence of CKD is highest in older adults; moreover, the presence of CKD is associated with an increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular death related to accelerated ageing in all age ranges, and the absolute increase in risk is highest for those aged ˃75 years. Indeed, premature death is a more common outcome than CKD progression to kidney failure requiring kidney replacement therapy. The progressive ageing of the world population contributes to the projection that CKD will become the second most common cause of death before the end of the century in countries with long life expectancy. The current collection of selected studies on kidney disease and ageing published in Age&Ageing, NDT and CKJ provides an overview of key topics, including cognitive decline, sarcopaenia, wasting and cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, the management of kidney failure and gender differences in CKD progression.
Electrical modulation properties of DNA drug molecules
Authors: He Lijun , Xie Zhiyang , Long Xing , Zhang Chaopeng , Qi Fei , Zhang Nan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
DNA drug molecules are not only widely used in gene therapy, but also play an important role in controlling the electrical properties of molecular electronics. Covalent binding, groove binding and intercalation are all important forms of drug–DNA interaction. But its applications are limited due to a lack of understanding of the electron transport mechanisms after different drug–DNA interaction modes. Here, we used a combination of density functional theory calculations and nonequilibrium Green’s function formulation with decoherence to study the effect of drug molecules on the charge transport property of DNA under three different binding modes. Conductance of DNA is found to decrease from 2.35E-5 G0 to 1.95E-6 G0 upon doxorubicin intercalation due to modifications of the density of states in the near-highest occupied molecular orbital region, δG = 1105.13%. Additionally, the conductance of DNA after cis-[Pt(NH3)2(py)Cl]+ covalent binding increases from 1.02E-6 G0 to 5.25E-5 G0, δG = 5047.06%. However, in the case of pentamidine groove binding, because there is no direct change in DNA molecular structure during drug binding, the conductance changes before and after drug binding is much smaller than in the two above cases, δG = 90.43%. Our theoretical calculations suggest that the conductance of DNA can be regulated by different drug molecules or switching the interaction modes between small molecules and DNA. This regulation opens new possibilities for their potential applications in controllable modulation of the electron transport property of DNA.