bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebral Superficial Siderosis
Authors: Weidauer Stefan , Neuhaus Elisabeth , Hattingen Elke 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSuperficial siderosis (SS) of the central nervous system constitutes linear hemosiderin deposits in the leptomeninges and the superficial layers of the cerebrum and the spinal cord. Infratentorial (i) SS is likely due to recurrent or continuous slight bleeding into the subarachnoid space. It is assumed that spinal dural pathologies often resulting in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is the most important etiological group which causes iSS and detailed neuroradiological assessment of the spinal compartment is necessary. Further etiologies are neurosurgical interventions, trauma and arteriovenous malformations. Typical neurological manifestations of this classical type of iSS are slowly progressive sensorineural hearing impairment and cerebellar symptoms, such as ataxia, kinetic tremor, nystagmus and dysarthria. Beside iSS, a different type of SS restricted to the supratentorial compartment can be differentiated, i.e. cortical (c) SS, especially in older people often due to cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Clinical presentation of cSS includes transient focal neurological episodes or “amyloid spells”. In addition, spontaneous and amyloid beta immunotherapy-associated CAA-related inflammation may cause cSS, which is included in the hemorrhagic subgroup of amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA). Because a definitive diagnosis requires a brain biopsy, knowledge of neuroimaging features and clinical findings in CAA-related inflammation is essential. This review provides neuroradiological hallmarks of the two groups of SS and give an overview of neurological symptoms and differential diagnostic considerations.
Treatment of tibial bone defects: pilot analysis of direct medical costs between distraction osteogenesis with an Ilizarov frame and the Masquelet technique
Authors: Kanakaris Nikolaos K. , Harwood Paul J. , Mujica-Mota Ruben , Mohrir Ganesh , Chloros George , Giannoudis Peter V. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The cost implications of limb reconstruction techniques have not been adequately investigated. Aim of this pilot study was to compare the direct medical cost of tibial bone defects managed with distraction osteogenesis–Ilizarov method (ILF), or with Masquelet technique (MIF).

Methods
Data of 20 random patients treated in a single centre were analysed. Inclusion criteria included acute tibial defects, or post-debridement of nonunions with complete follow-up and successful union. The endpoint of clinical efficacy was the time-to-defect union. Comparisons were made between equally sized subgroups (ILF vs. MIF).

Results
The average defect length was 5.6 cm (2.6–9.6 cm). The overall cost of 20 cases reached £452,974 (mean £22,339, range £13,459–£36,274). Statistically significant differences favoring the MIF were found regarding the average time-to-union; number of surgeries, of admissions and follow-up visits, as well as the mean intraoperative cost (£8857 vs. £14,087). These differences lead to significant differences of the mean cost of the overall treatment (MIF £18,131 vs. ILF £26,126). Power analysis based on these data indicated that 35 patients on each group would allow detection of a 25% difference, with an alpha value of 0.05 and probability (power) of 0.9.

Conclusions
The results and analysis presented highlight factors affecting the high financial burden, even in a best-case scenario, this type of surgery entails. Larger pivotal studies should follow to improve the cost efficiency of clinical practice.
Relevantes interprofessionelles Wissen des (Allgemein‑/Viszeral‑)Chirurgen – Informationssicherheit und Datenschutz im chirurgischen Klinikalltag
Authors: Helm André , Fruth Jana , Klanten Ute , Rönnebeck Susan , Meyer Frank 
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung
Ziel und Methode
Kurzübersicht, basierend auf gesetzlichen Vorgaben, individuellen Erfahrungen aus der täglichen Praxis und ausgewählten Referenzen der aktuellen Literatur.

Ergebnisse (selektive Eckpunkte):
Informationssicherheit und Datenschutz sind gesetzlich vorgeschriebene und unverzichtbare Elemente allgemeinen, beruflichen und sozialen Handelns, die auch ins Qualitätsmanagement (QM) eingehen, dem auch der (Allgemein-/Viszeral-)Chirurg in seinem Wirken untersteht.

Informationssicherheit
Sie bezeichnet den Schutz von Informationen jeglicher Art und Herkunft - sie dient der Sicherstellung der Grundziele Vertraulichkeit, Integrität, Verfügbarkeit und Authentizität von Informationen, die die beiden Ziele des Klinikers, Patientensicherheit und Behandlungseffektivität, unterstützt.

Datenschutz
Es handelt sich dabei um ein Grundrecht zum Schutz vor missbräuchlicher Verarbeitung personenbezogener Daten - dabei ist nicht der Schutz der Daten, sondern das Recht des Einzelnen auf informationelle Selbstbestimmung das Schutzziel.

IT-Notfallmanagement
Es umfasst, dass man im IT-Notfall (ausgelöst z. B. durch Systemausfall oder Cyberangriff) geordnet und unterbrechungsfrei in einen vorher definierten klinischen Notfallbetrieb wechselt - aus digitalen werden in ausschließlicher Instituts- bzw. Klinikverantwortung befindliche analoge Prozesse.

Schlussfolgerung
Von einem regelmäßigen bilateralen Austausch zwischen dem (Allgemein-/Viszeral-)Chirurgen und den Beauftragten für Informationssicherheit und Datenschutz profitieren beide Seiten gleichermaßen. Sie sind dadurch in der Lage, die gemeinsamen Ziele der Patientensicherheit und der Behandlungseffektivität durch eine verhältnismäßige Integration von Informationssicherheit und Datenschutz in den klinischen Alltag sicher zu stellen.
Einsatz von agilen Methoden in der Hochschulorganisation
Authors: Härer Florian , Herzwurm Georg 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungDieser Artikel der Zeitschrift Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. möchte mittels einer systematischen Literaturrecherche das Thema der agilen Methoden aus einer mikro-organisatorischen Perspektive für den Hochschulbereich betrachten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen einerseits, dass agile Methoden bereits den Zugang in die (internationale) Hochschullehre erhalten haben, um einige aktuellen Herausforderungen in der Hochschulbildung entgegenzuwirken. Andererseits wird durch die Analyse und Interpretation auch Raum für weitere Betrachtungsweisen zur Vorgehensweise entdeckt, sofern die Anwendung von agilen Methoden einen stärkeren ganzheitlichen Organisationsbezug für die Hochschule besitzen soll. Durch die abschließenden Implikationen für Forschung und Praxis wird aufgezeigt, dass Design Thinking die stärksten Potenziale für die Anwendung in der Hochschulorganisation, exemplarisch im Prozess der Curriculums- und Studiengangsentwicklung, besitzen könnte.
Organisation und Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung
Authors: Elven Julia 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen dieses Beitrags der Zeitschrift Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO) wird eine organisationsforscherische Perspektive auf Bildung für Nachhaltige Entwicklung (BNE) – insbesondere unter Rückgriff auf Konzepte organisationalen Lernens – als analytisch potenzialreich vorgeschlagen. Dazu werden zunächst anhand der Ergebnisse eines (quantifizierenden) systematischen Literaturreviews einige Lücken im BNE-Diskurs aufgezeigt: Insbesondere lassen sich für den Begriff des organisationalen Lernens konzeptionelle Schwächen feststellen, die teilweise der politischen Schwerpunktsetzung der BNE-Programme entsprechen. Hieran anschließend werden theoretische Anknüpfungspunkte und Ergänzungspotenziale einer organisationstheoretisch fundierten Rekonstruktion nachhaltigkeitsbezogener Bildungsprozesse aufgezeigt, um schließlich zusammenfassend für die Erweiterung des BNE-Diskurses durch organisationspädagogische Perspektiven zu plädieren.
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from non-tobacco sources in homes within high-income countries: a systematic review
Authors: Wei Shuying , Semple Sean 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe health impacts associated with exposure to elevated concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are well recognised. There is a substantial number of studies characterising PM2.5 concentrations outdoors, as well as in homes within low- and middle-income countries. In high-income countries (HICs), there is a sizeable literature on indoor PM2.5 relating to smoking, but the evidence on exposure to PM2.5 generated from non-tobacco sources in homes is sparse. This is especially relevant as people living in HICs spend the majority of their time at home, and in the northern hemisphere households often have low air exchange rates for energy efficiency. This review identified 49 studies that described indoor PM2.5 concentrations generated from a variety of common household sources in real-life home settings in HICs. These included wood/solid fuel burning appliances, cooking, candles, incense, cleaning and humidifiers. The reported concentrations varied widely, both between sources and within groups of the same source. The burning of solid fuels was found to generate the highest indoor PM2.5 concentrations. On occasion, other sources were also reported to be responsible for high PM2.5 concentrations; however, this was only in a few select examples. This review also highlights the many inconsistencies in the ways data are collected and reported. The variable methods of measurement and reporting make comparison and interpretation of data difficult. There is a need for standardisation of methods and agreed contextual data to make household PM2.5 data more useful in epidemiological studies and aid comparison of the impact of different interventions and policies.
Multi Scale Ethics—Why We Need to Consider the Ethics of AI in Healthcare at Different Scales
Authors: Smallman Melanie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMany researchers have documented how AI and data driven technologies have the potential to have profound effects on our lives—in ways that make these technologies stand out from those that went before. Around the world, we are seeing a significant growth in interest and investment in AI in healthcare. This has been coupled with rising concerns about the ethical implications of these technologies and an array of ethical guidelines for the use of AI and data in healthcare has arisen. Nevertheless, the question of if and how AI and data technologies can be ethical remains open to debate. This paper aims to contribute to this debate by considering the wide range of implications that have been attributed to these technologies and asking whether current ethical guidelines take these factors into account. In particular, the paper argues that while current ethics guidelines for AI in healthcare effectively account for the four key issues identified in the ethics literature (transparency; fairness; responsibility and privacy), they have largely neglected wider issues relating to the way in which these technologies shape institutional and social arrangements. This, I argue, has given current ethics guidelines a strong focus on evaluating the impact of these technologies on the individual, while not accounting for the powerful social shaping effects of these technologies. To address this, the paper proposes a Multiscale Ethics Framework, which aims to help technology developers and ethical evaluations to consider the wider implications of these technologies.
Mediating Infrastructural Discipline: Established Practices and Changing Structures of Dar es Salaam’s Transport Sector
Authors: Jacobsen Malve 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article discusses the interplay of urban transport infrastructures and their need to and of discipline. Drawing on participatory observation, ride-alongs, and interviews, it elaborates the case of BRT introduction in Dar es Salaam and illustrates how various humans and nonhumans needed to be disciplined so that the Dar es Salaam Rapid Transit system could become operational. Referring to the conceptualizations of mediating technologies (Latour, 1994) and disciplinary devices (Ureta, 2012), this article elaborates how the new transport system disciplines its environment, and how it is itself disciplined through different norms and materialities. However, discipline did not realize as planned. De-scriptions (Akrich, 1992) of the system’s disciplining technologies occurred, as practices turned out differently. New forms and effective combinations of established practices and changing structures have led to fluid formations of urban transport. Two perspectives enable to deeply understand this transitional process. First, a sociotechnical perspective shows how agency has been (re)distributed and mediated through technologies and artefacts that were implemented to secure smooth bus operations. Second, a historical perspective elucidates how previous and prevalent practices of Tanzania’s minibus system and other road users impacted the formation of DART. The article hence demonstrates that technological innovation and spatial reorganization do not only lead to new forms of discipline, but to ongoing mediations and negotiations of transport practices.
The Ethics of Memory Modification: Personal Narratives, Relational Selves and Autonomy
Authors: Zawadzki Przemysław 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFor nearly two decades, ethicists have expressed concerns that the further development and use of memory modification technologies (MMTs)—techniques allowing to intentionally and selectively alter memories—may threaten the very foundations of who we are, our personal identity, and thus pose a threat to our well-being, or even undermine our “humaneness.” This paper examines the potential ramifications of memory-modifying interventions such as changing the valence of targeted memories and selective deactivation of a particular memory as these interventions appear to be at the same time potentially both most promising clinically as well as menacing to identity. However, unlike previous works discussing the potential consequences of MMTs, this article analyzes them in the context of the narrative relational approach to personal identity and potential issues related to autonomy. I argue that such a perspective brings to light the ethical aspects and moral issues arising from the use of MMTs that have been hidden from previously adopted approaches. In particular, this perspective demonstrates how important the social context in which an individual lives is for the ethical evaluation of a given memory-modifying intervention. I conclude by suggesting that undertaking memory modifications without taking into account the social dimension of a person’s life creates the risk that she will not be able to meet one of the basic human needs—the autonomous construction and maintenance of personal identity. Based on this conclusion, I offer some reflections on the permissibility and advisability of MMTs and what these considerations suggest for the future.
Nitrogen fixation capacity and metabolite responses to phosphorus in soybean nodules
Authors: Yao Yubo , Yuan Hongmei , Wu Guangwen , Yan Jun , Zhao Dongsheng , Chen Si , Kang Qinghua , Ma Chunmei , Gong Zhenping 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is necessary for nitrogen fixation in the root nodules of soybeans, a symbiotic process whereby plants support bacterial nitrogen fixation to obtain nitrogen needed for plant growth. Nitrogen accumulation, quantity, weight, specific nitrogenase activity (SNA) and acetylene reduction activity (ARA) of root soybean nodules were analyzed, using a broadly targeted metabolomics method incorporating liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to study the effects of P level (1, 11, 31, 61 mg/L denoted by P1, P11, P31, P61) on the types and abundance of various metabolites and on the expression of associated metabolic pathways in soybean root nodules. Nitrogen accumulation, quantity, weight, SNA and ARA of root nodules were inhibited by P stress. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated that root nodules responded to P stress by increasing the number of amino acids and derivatives. Down-regulation of ABA, phosphorylcholine, and D-glucose 6-phosphate affected carotenoid biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism and sugar metabolism which inhibited nodule nitrogen fixation under P stress. More flavonoids were involved in metabolic processes in soybean root nodules under P stress that regulated the nodulation and nitrogen fixation. The pathway ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, and associated metabolites, were involved in the adaptation of the symbiotic soybean root nodule system to P starvation. This work provides a foundation for future investigations of physiological mechanisms that underly phosphorus stress on soybeans.
Exact sequences for dual Toeplitz algebras on hypertori
Authors: Benaissa Lakhdar , Guediri Hocine 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we construct a symbol calculus yielding short exact sequences for the dual Toeplitz algebra generated by all bounded dual Toeplitz operators on the Hardy space associated with the polydisk $${\mathbb {D}}^n$$

D

n

in the unitary space $${\mathbb {C}}^n$$

C

n

, that have been introduced and well studied in our earlier paper (Benaissa and Guediri in Taiwan J Math 19: 31–49, 2015), as well as for the C*-subalgebra generated by dual Toeplitz operators with symbols continuous on the associated hypertorus $${\mathbb {T}}^n$$

T

n

.
Social enterprise as a model for change: mapping a global cross-disciplinary framework
Authors: Halsall Jamie P. , Snowden Michael , Clegg Philip , Mswaka Walter , Alderson Maureen , Hyams-Ssekasi Denis , Oberoi Roopinder , Winful Ernest Christian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSince the outbreak of COVID-19, social enterprise has experienced a renaissance. In public policy circles, entrepreneurship and innovation are perceived as economic development tools, and in many parts of the world, as catalysts for change that can have a real impact by increasing employment in communities as well as environmental challenges. At a local level, entrepreneurship and innovation enable communities to stay vibrant due to social enterprise organisations offering much-needed goods and services. Social enterprise has been acknowledged as a solution to social inequality and environmental issues in society as it develops new areas of empowerment in local communities. Central to the success of social enterprise is education, training, and the engagement of the higher education sector. Traditionally, entrepreneurship and innovation have fundamentally been entrenched within the business subject area, but have now emerged within other disciplines such as criminology, health and social care, geography, sociology, and politics. The aim of this paper is to map out a new, global, cross-disciplinary framework from a teaching and learning perspective. The authors of this paper call for global empowerment of entrepreneurship education in the higher education sector, using examples from different countries across the world, specifically Ghana, India, and the UK. This paper sets out the vital importance of entrepreneurship in teaching and learning, by showcasing what can be achieved. In this paper, the authors develop and propose a new pedagogical social enterprise model that incorporates and emphasises the ethos of ‘think globally, act locally’ in a sustainability context.
Using camera trap bycatch data to assess habitat use and the influence of human activity on African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in Kasungu National Park, Malawi
Authors: Davis Robert S. , Gentle Louise K. , Mgoola William O. , Stone Emma L. , Uzal Antonio , Yarnell Richard W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAfrican elephants (Loxodonta africana) are increasingly exposed to high levels of human disturbance and are threatened by poaching and human–elephant conflict. As anthropogenic pressures continue to increase, both inside and outside protected areas, understanding elephant behavioural responses to human activity is required for future conservation management. Here, we use bycatch data from camera trap surveys to provide inferences on elephant habitat use and temporal activity in Kasungu National Park (KNP), Malawi. The KNP elephant population has declined by ~ 95% since the late 1970s, primarily because of intensive poaching, and information on elephant ecology and behaviour can assist in the species’ recovery. Using occupancy modelling, we show that proximity to water is the primary driver of elephant habitat use in KNP, with sites closer to water having a positive effect on elephant site use. Our occupancy results suggest that elephants do not avoid sites of higher human activity, while results from temporal activity models show that elephants avoid peak times of human activity and exhibit primarily nocturnal behaviour when using the KNP road network. As key park infrastructure is located near permanent water sources, elephant spatiotemporal behaviour may represent a trade-off between resource utilisation and anthropogenic-risk factors, with temporal partitioning used to reduce encounter rates. Increased law enforcement activity around permanent water sources could help to protect the KNP elephant population during the dry season. Our findings highlight that camera trap bycatch data can be a useful tool for the conservation management of threatened species beyond the initial scope of research.
A New Era of National Guideline Development in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Memish Ziad A. , Alqahtani Abdulrahman S. , Al-Azemi Nahar , Abu Alhamayel Nebras , Saeedi Mohammad , Abuzinada Shatha , Albarakati Rayan G , Natarajan Subramaniasivam , Alvira Ximena , Bilimoria Khushnam , Brunnhuber Klara 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSaudi Arabia’s ambitious Vision 2030 project was launched in 2016 as a strategy for economic development and national growth, with 11 Vision Realization Programs put in charge of its implementation. The backbone of its Transformation Program for the Health Sector has been the definition of a new Model of Care aiming to deliver 42 coordinated interventions across 6 Systems of Care, with the development of clinical guidelines identified as a key cross-cutting intervention to foster the use of national, evidence-based practices across KSA, reduce care variation, and promote accountable care. This article provides an overview of the history, progress to date, and future outlook of the recently initiated National Guidelines Center in Saudi Arabia, established in collaboration between the Health Holding Company and the Saudi Health Council represented by its National Center for Evidence-based Medicine. The lessons learnt from previous guideline initiatives are grouped under the Center’s design principles of high quality, relevance, practical implementation, and sustainability. Aspects setting the project apart from previous endeavors have been its focus on extensive engagement with key stakeholders in the Saudi guideline ecosystem, the co-development of evidence-based recommendations with aligned key performance measures, and the implementation of guideline recommendations in the clinical workflow via integrated electronic order sets. Nine activity streams aim to enable the Center to take its place among the leading regional and global guideline developing organizations and to optimally support clinicians and patients, Saudi Arabia’s health sector transformation, and the work of guideline communities worldwide.