bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study of the Activities and Roles of Public Transit Boards
Authors: OBENG KOFI , UGBORO ISAIAH O. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study examines public transit boards of directors' role performance, prescribed activities that facilitate role performance, relationships between the roles and prescribed activities, and characteristics of boards and their members that affect members' involvement in board activities. It surveys public transit boards and analyzes the resulting data, using factor analysis, structural, and stepwise regression equations. The study finds that transit boards' role performance is enhanced by board members' involvement in contextual, analytical, strategic, interpersonal, and political activities, but not by involvement in board educational activities. Additionally, it finds positive relationships between many of the board member characteristics examined and most of the prescribed board activities. Exceptions to these positive relationships are also revealed. Negative relationships exist between the level of formal education of board members and such activities as setting aside time to learn about the organization and discussing future directions of the organization with other board members. Appointment of board members by state governments exerts a negative effect on board members' attentiveness to decision-making processes, and the use of long-range plan priorities in making strategic decisions. Service on other boards negatively affects members' involvement in transit board-related interpersonal activities.
A Social Anthropology of Logistics Research: Exploring Productivity and Collaboration in an Emerging Science
Authors: AUTRY CHAD W. , GRIFFIS STANLEY E. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
For more than forty years, professionals and academics have undertaken scholarly research in the field of logistics, attempting to expand the knowledge base of the discipline, and thereby improve logistics practice. This study represents an initial investigation of logistics researchers who have participated in the development of the field. Using a comprehensive database of published logistics articles from four leading journals, social network theory is applied for analysis of logistics researcher productivity and collaboration. Results of the exploratory study indicate that high levels of researcher productivity are present in logistics; however, the results also show that the discipline would benefit significantly from more collaborative effort blending researcher backgrounds and perspectives across major research groups, which are currently somewhat isolated. Implications for future logistics research are discussed, advocating more collaborative research production within the field.
The Air Cargo Industry in China: Implications of Globalization and WTO Accession
Authors: FUNG MICHAEL KA-YIU , ZHANG ANMING , LEUNG LAWRENCE CHI-KIN , LAW JAPHET SEBASTIAN 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article provides an overview of China's air cargo industry. China's recent accession into the WTO establishes the country's commitment to the liberalization of distribution rights and to the relaxation of restrictions on services such as logistics, thereby creating opportunities for foreign investors. However, the industry has been fragmented and is operating with little market mechanism. It is highly protected and regulated, and is dominated by state-owned enterprises, due to prevalent local protection and rigid functional demarcations. The manner in which this fragmented industry has coped with the growing need of modern logistics management, which requires integration, both physically and with information, to effectively manage supply chains, is examined. Furthermore, there are tremendous barriers to foreign participation in China's air cargo sector. These arise from a variety of sources, ranging from domestic regulations, guidelines, institutions, and administrative mechanisms to infrastructure and policy constraints. Relevant research issues that are pertinent to the understanding of this transitioning industry are raised.
A Practical Guide to Using Path Analysis: Mediation and Moderation in Accounting Research
Authors: Jollineau S. Jane , Bowen Robert M. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
We use plain English, figures, and simple math to explain how to use path analysis to test for mediation and moderation. Many theories in accounting research can be conceptualized as mediated, moderated, or moderated mediation models to investigate both simple and complex hypothesized relationships. Analyses using these models capture the dependent nature of an entire set of relationships rather than attempting to make piecemeal inferences from a series of individual regressions that may not be as revealing and may even yield misleading inferences. We introduce tools that help build theory, reduce the number of inferential tests that are relied on, and use bootstrapping for inferential tests of moderated mediation that do not rely on distributional assumptions. We provide two examples from published research to illustrate and apply these concepts. Tools for analysis include PROCESS (Hayes 2020) and structural equation modeling (SEM).
JEL Classifications: C12; C18; C87; C90; M41; M42; M49.
Penggunaan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Type Tgt (Teams Games Tournament) Untuk Meningkatan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Peserta Didik
Authors: Hasanah Nana 
Published: June 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Menganalisis peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis peserta didik yang mendapat Pembelajaran Kooperatif Type TGT (Teams Games Tournament) dan peserta didik yang mendapat pembelajaran konvensional.Selain itu untuk mengetahui sikap peserta didik terhadap pembelajaran matematika.Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode eksperimen, dengan desain quasi eksperimen. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini yaitu tes pemecahan masalah matematis dan angket sikap. Tehnik analisis data yang digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis adalah uji perbedaan dua rata-rata. Tehnik analisis data yang digunakan untuk menguji angket sikap skala likert yaitu dengan membandingkan rata-rata skor subjek dengan nilai netral. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan analisis data diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa Peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis peserta didik yang mendapat pembelajaran kooperatif type TGT (Teams Games Tournament) lebih tinggi dari pada peserta didik yang mendapat pembelajaran secara konvensional. Sikap peserta didik menunjukan sikap positif terhadap pembelajaran matematika.
Escherichia coli probiotic exhibits in vitro growth-limiting effects on clinical feline uropathogenic E coli isolates
Authors: Snell Chloe B. , Winston Jenessa A. , Quimby Jessica M. , Diaz-Campos Dubraska , Gibson Jordan F. , Harrison Alistair , Byron Julie M. , Justice Sheryl S. , Rudinsky Adam J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To characterize uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) in cases of clinical feline urinary tract infection (UTI) and subclinical bacteriuria and investigate the in vitro effects of E coli strain Nissle 1917 on isolate growth.

ANIMALS
40 cats with positive E coli culture results for urine collected during routine evaluation.

PROCEDURES
Characterization of UPEC isolates was performed by PCR-based phylotype analysis and serotyping. Nissle 1917 effects on growth inhibition and competitive overgrowth against UPEC isolates were evaluated in vitro using a plate-based competition assay.

RESULTS
Feline phylogroups were similar to previous human and feline UPEC studies, with most of the isolates belonging to phylogroup A (42.5%), B2 (37.5%), and D (15.0%). Fifty-two percent of isolates were found to be resistant to antimicrobials, with 19% of these being multidrug resistant (MDR). Nissle 1917 adversely affected the growth of 82.5% of all isolates and 100% of MDR isolates in vitro. The median zone of inhibition was 3.33 mm (range, 1.67 to 10.67 mm). Thirteen isolates were affected via competitive overgrowth and 20 via growth inhibition.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
UPEC isolates from cats were similar in phylogroup analysis to human and dog isolates. The in vitro effects of Nissle 1917 on UPEC warrant additional studies to determine if similar results can be duplicated in vivo.
Comparison of the sedative effects of three nalbuphine doses, alone or combined with acepromazine, in dogs
Authors: Gomes Viviane Horta , Marques Juliana Letícia Rossetto , Janiques Borré Laís da Silva , de Cerqueira Teixeira Jorge Gabriel , da Silva Marta Fernanda Albuquerque 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To compare sedative, cardiopulmonary, and adverse effects of 3 nalbuphine doses, administered alone or in combination with acepromazine, in dogs.

ANIMALS
6 healthy dogs.

PROCEDURES
Dogs were administered nalbuphine (1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 mg/kg, intravenously [IV]) combined with physiologic saline solution (1 mL, IV; treatments SN1.0, SN1.5, and SN2.0, respectively) or acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg, IV; treatments AN1.0, AN1.5, and AN2.0, respectively) in random order, with a 1-week washout interval between treatments. Sedation scores, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature were recorded before and 20 minutes after administration of saline solution or acepromazine (T0), and nalbuphine was administered at T0. Measurements were repeated 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after nalbuphine administration.

RESULTS
Treatments SN and AN resulted in at least 120 minutes of mild sedation and 60 minutes of moderate sedation, respectively. Sedation scores were greater for treatments AN1.0, AN1.5, and AN2.0 at various times, compared with scores for treatments SN1.0, SN1.5, and SN2.0, respectively. Administration of nalbuphine alone resulted in salivation and panting in some dogs.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
All nalbuphine doses promoted mild sedation when administered alone, and moderate sedation when combined with acepromazine. Greater doses of nalbuphine did not increase sedation scores. All treatments resulted in minimal changes in heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, and mean arterial pressure. Nalbuphine alone resulted in few adverse effects.
Animal botulism in Poland – laboratory and epidemiological investigations
Authors: Grenda Tomasz , Goldsztejn Magdalena , Kwiatek Krzysztof , Kozak Beata , Grenda Anna 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Introduction
The aim of the study was to present cases of botulism in animals found in Poland in 2019–2021. The analytical laboratory diagnosis and difficulties that occurred in the interpretation of the results are described.

Material and Methods
From 2019 to 2021, samples of serum, intestinal content, liver, spleen, kidney, faeces, wet feed, dry feed, ensilage, water and mixed samples of internal organs associated with 10 suspected animal botulism cases were sent to the National Veterinary Research Institute. Samples were analysed using a mouse bioassay and culture methods in combination with ntnh and bont gene detection.

Results
Among the ten putative botulism cases, only four (40%) were confirmed in the laboratory on the basis of the detection of botulinum toxin (BoNT) or the ntnh or bont genes. The remaining six (60%) were determined as probable despite observable characteristic clinical signs.

Conclusion
The diagnosis of botulism in animals is a very difficult task, made so by the heterogeneity of Clostridium botulinum strains and possible loss of toxinogenicity during laboratory processing or the potential degradation of toxins. Laboratory diagnosis is a complex and problematic process which should utilise different prescribed methods for specific types of sample.
Students Mathematical Representation Ability in Learning Algebraic Expression using Realistic Mathematics Education
Authors: Yuhasriati Yuhasriati , Johar Rahmah , Khairunnisak Cut , Rohaizati Ulya , Jupri Al , Zubaidah Tuti 
Published: June 2022

Mathematical representation ability (MRA) is crucial in solving mathematical problems, particularly in the topic of algebraic expressions. However, some students struggle to grasp algebraic forms in real-world circumstances. Learning through realistic mathematics education (RME) using context is one of the learning approaches that could help improve students' MRA. The objective of this study was to assess students' MRA in learning algebraic expressions through realistic mathematics education. This research employed mixed-method research with a sequential explanatory design. The subjects of this study were 27 seventh-grade students from a junior high school in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Data on students' MRA were gathered through written test and task-based interviews. The descriptive analysis of written test data revealed that students' average score is 3.6, which is considered low compared to the maximum score of 8. The majority of students (n=24) satisfied the visual indicators of MRA as they successfully drew the composite shape. Whereas the most challenging MRA aspect for students to master was symbolic representation, only a few students (n=6) could solve the problem related to the multiplication of algebraic expressions. Students’ learning loss in the prerequisites due to online learning during the Covid-19 outbreak was one cause of the students' low performance on MRA.
ICON 2020—International Scientific Tendinopathy Symposium Consensus: A Scoping Review of Psychological and Psychosocial Constructs and Outcome Measures Reported in Tendinopathy Clinical Trials
Authors: Mc Auliffe Seán , Bisset Leanne , Chester Rachel , Coombes Brooke K. , Fearon Angie , Kirwan Paul , McCreesh Karen , Mitham Kieran , Morrissey Dylan , O'Neill Seth , Ross Megan H. , Sancho Igor , Stephens Gareth , Vallance Patrick , van den Akker-Scheek Inge , Vicenzino Bill , Vuvan Viana , Mallows Adrian , Stubbs Carl , Malliaras Peter , Plinsinga Melanie 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveTo identify and describe the psychological and psychosocial constructs and outcome measures used in tendinopathy research.DesignScoping review.Literature SearchWe searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, PEDro, CINAHL, and APA PsychNet databases on July 10, 2021, for all published studies of tendinopathy populations measuring psychological and psychosocial factors.Study SelectionStudies using a clinical diagnosis of tendinopathy or synonyms (eg, jumper's knee or subacromial impingement) with or without imaging confirmation.Data SynthesisWe described the volume, nature, distribution, and characteristics of psychological and psychosocial outcomes reported in the tendinopathy field.ResultsTwenty-nine constructs were identified, including 16 psychological and 13 psychosocial constructs. The most frequently-reported constructs were work-related outcomes (32%), quality of life (31%), depression (30%), anxiety (18%), and fear (14%). Outcome measures consisted of validated and nonvalidated questionnaires and 1-item custom questions (including demographics). The number of different outcome measures used to assess an individual construct ranged between 1 (emotional distress) and 11 (quality of life) per construct.ConclusionThere was a large variability in constructs and outcome measures reported in tendinopathy research, which limits conclusions about the relationship between psychological and psychosocial constructs, outcome measures, and tendinopathies. Given the wide range of psychological and psychosocial constructs reported, there is an urgent need to develop a core outcome set in tendinopathy. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2022;52(6):375–388. doi:10.2519/jospt.2022.11005
Benefits and Harms of Interventions With Surgery Compared to Interventions Without Surgery for Musculoskeletal Conditions: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis
Authors: Skou Søren T. , Poulsen Erik , Bricca Alessio , Dideriksen Mette , Lohmander L. Stefan , Roos Ewa M. , Juhl Carsten B. 
Published: June 2022

Objective To estimate the benefits and harms of interventions with and without surgery for musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions. Design Intervention systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Literature Search MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and CENTRAL, all up to January 7, 2021. Study Selection Criteria RCTs (English, German, Danish, Swedish, and Norwegian) of interventions with and without surgery conducted in any setting for any non-fracture MSK condition in adults (mean age: 18+ years) evaluating the outcomes on a continuous (benefits) or count (harms) scale. Outcomes were pain, self-reported physical function, quality of life, serious adverse events (SAEs), and death at 1 year. Data Synthesis Random-effects metaanalyses for MSK conditions where there were data from at least 2 trials. Results One hundred RCTs (n = 12 645 patients) across 28 different conditions at 9 body sites were included. For 9 out of 13 conditions with data on pain (exceptions include some spine conditions), 11 out of 11 for function, and 9 out of 9 for quality of life, there were no clinically relevant differences (standardized mean difference of 0.50 or above) between interventions with and without surgery. For 13 out of 16 conditions with data on SAEs and 16 out of 16 for death, there were no differences in harms. Only 6 trials were at low risk of bias. Conclusion The low certainty of evidence does not support recommending surgery over nonsurgical alternatives for most MSK conditions with available RCTs. Further high-quality RCTs may change this conclusion. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2022;52(6):312–344. doi:10.2519/jospt.2022.11075
The role of commercial bank in financing small and medium enterprises: Evidence from Majmaa city during 2020- 2021
Authors: محمد Emad Suliman Sharif , عبد الله Sumia Ibrahim Ahmed 
Published: June 2022

This research aims to study the role of commercial banks in financing small and medium enterprises in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The small and medium enterprises sector considered as an important sector in the national economy, due to its contribution to providing jobs, and an Increasing in Individual Income. The study assumes a statistically significant relationship between the financing of commercial banks and small and medium enterprises. In this research, the descriptive- analytical approach was used for obtaining the relevant primary data. In this regard, the researchers have designed a questionnaire to collect the necessary answers to study the variables of the study and test the study hypotheses. Moreover, the other approach that the researchers relied on is the deductive approach, where information deduced from original sources and references. The Important results we have achieved here, Small and medium enterprises Provides estimated percentage of employment, the financing provided does not comply with the client's requirements, and the conditions imposed by commercial banks on projects are intractable. The most important recommendations is, an Increasing the amount of financing provided to small and medium enterprises, Facilitating the conditions for granting loans to small and medium enterprises, and The state and official bodies must sponsor this type of project so that it can exercise its active role in the society.
Navigating the World: Challenges within the Relocation Process - An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Pretsch J. , Saretzki J. , Jernigan A. , Cantor D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe complete relocation of the center of life to a foreign country is a plan increasingly chosen by specific people, especially for entrepreneurial reasons. The digital nomads or expat-preneurs often emphasized in this context exhibit a particular structure of fundamental personality dimensions and can also be described as unique in the perception of specific challenges in the relocation process. In the present study, which is based on both a literature-based and quantitative approach, n = 196 subjects participated in an online survey that included scales and self-constructed items on personality structure, the possible choice of specific occupational groups as support systems, the perception of specific challenges, and other relevant aspects in the context of relocation. In addition to descriptive results and a brief review of previous scientific findings, multivariate analyses of variance were able to show that the choice of support system exerts a significant influence in the form of a decrease in stress in the context of the perception of specific challenges in the (tax) legal as well as financial areas. It also became clear that the region of origin and the destination region are related to assessing tax-legal aspects and administrative aspects in the economic context. Thus, there are significant differences between the Schengen Area and the U.S. area as the region of origin and these and (South East) Asia and Latin America as the destination region.
Blockchain in Education - The Case of Language Learning
Authors: Panagiotidis Panagiotis 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
New technological developments, such as 5G networks, smart and interconnected devices, and the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), lead to a new reality in which the secure flow of data is non-negotiable. In this new reality, blockchain technology can play a crucial role, as it has the ability to provide the necessary background for the safe and inviolable operation of systems. Blockchain is a distributed ledger, in which information and data are stored and verified. These blocks of data do not have to be related to financial transactions but may concern any other type of data that needs to be securely recorded and not changed retrospectively. Although the first application of blockchain technology was about digital currency (Bitcoin), its usefulness is not limited to cryptocurrencies or the field of economics. Blockchain, especially in its last stage v3.0, has many applications in various sectors such as data storage, certification of products and services, government, insurance, health, science, and education. This paper focuses on the current and potential educational applications of blockchain and presents how this technology can be used to solve specific education problems. Nowadays, a variety of blockchain applications concerning the issue and storage of certificates and diplomas, the evaluation of learning outcomes, the support and the academic degree management, the protection of intellectual property, the cooperation between students and their professors, learning accreditation, payment for studies, formation of an academic passport (portfolio) or administration of the educational process are implemented in some HEI and institutions. The paper analyzes the features and advantages of blockchain technology, presents some of the current blockchain applications for education, as well as the benefits and challenges of using blockchain technology in the educational sector. Finally, special reference is made to applications related to the field of language learning.