bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity on joint pain and degenerative osteoarthritis in postmenopausal women
Authors: Kim Hye In , Ahn So Hyun , Kim Yup , Lee Ji Eun , Choi Euna , Seo Seok Kyo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to identify the prevalence of sarcopenia, obesity, and sarcopenic obesity and examine their association with radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA) and knee pain in Korean postmenopausal women. This cross-sectional study utilized the data from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2009–2011. The participants were categorized into 4 groups based on body composition: either sarcopenic (appendicular skeletal muscle < 23%) or not, either obese (body mass index ≥ 25.0 kg/m2) or not. The prevalence of radiographic knee OA and knee pain was calculated. The effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was also evaluated. The prevalence of radiographic knee OA, knee pain, and both were all highest in the sarcopenic obese group and lowest in the control group (61.49% vs. 41.54%, 39.11% vs. 27.55%, 32.04% vs. 17.82%, all p < 0.001). Without sarcopenia, obese women showed significantly higher ratio of radiographic knee OA only (57.64% vs. 41.54%, p < 0.001). With sarcopenia, the coexistence of obesity presented higher ratio of radiographic knee OA, knee pain, and both compared to sarcopenia without obesity (61.49% vs. 41.82%, 39.11% vs. 27.61%, 32.04% vs. 17.60%, all p < 0.001). The use of HRT for more than 1 year was not associated with radiographic knee OA, knee pain, or both (p = 0.147, 0.689 and 0.649, respectively). Obesity with sarcopenia had greater effect on knee OA compared to obesity without sarcopenia. Moreover, HRT use for more than 1 year was not associated with the prevalence of knee OA. Therefore, more efforts should focus on reducing body fat and increasing muscle in postmenopausal women with knee OA.
Lymphocyte to monocyte ratio and serum albumin changes predict tacrolimus therapy outcomes in patients with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Ishida Natsuki , Tani Shinya , Asai Yusuke , Miyazu Takahiro , Tamura Satoshi , Yamade Mihoko , Iwaizumi Moriya , Hamaya Yasushi , Osawa Satoshi , Furuta Takahisa , Sugimoto Ken 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTacrolimus therapy for ulcerative colitis is ineffective in certain patients; these patients require biologics or colectomy. We examined the ability of serum albumin levels and leukocyte subtypes to predict the therapeutic efficacy of tacrolimus. Patients with ulcerative colitis treated with tacrolimus were divided into non-failure and failure (required colectomy or switch to biologics or systemic steroids) groups. Serum albumin levels and leukocyte subtypes at induction, week 1, and week 2 after reaching high trough levels were retrospectively examined. Tacrolimus therapy failed in 18/45 patients within 3 months. The week 2/week 1 albumin ratio was significantly different between the failure and non-failure groups (P < 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed optimal cut-off value of the week 2/week 1 albumin ratio was 1.06, and area under the curve was 0.815. Analysis of leukocyte subtypes revealed significant between-group difference in the week 1 lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed week 2/week 1 albumin ratio ≤ 1.06 and week 1 lymphocyte to monocyte ratio ≤ 3.86. Therefore, a low week 2/week 1 albumin and low week 1 lymphocyte to monocyte ratio predicted failure within 3 months of tacrolimus induction; a combination of these markers could accurately predict failure.
Hyperventilation strain CMR imaging in patients with acute chest pain
Authors: Siry Deborah , Riffel Johannes H. , Salatzki Janek , Andre Florian , Ochs Marco , Weberling Lukas D. , Giannitsis Evangelos , Katus Hugo A. , Friedrich Matthias G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome high-sensitivity cardiac tropnonin T is used for rapid patient triage. Some acute coronary syndrome patients assigned to the observe zone based on high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T after 1 h require further diagnostic testing. Fast-strain encoded CMR imaging with breathing maneuvers may accelerate diagnostic work-up and identify patients suffering from acute coronary syndrome. Patients presenting with acute chest pain (high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T level 5–52 ng/L) were prospectively enrolled (consecutive sampling, time of recruitment: 09/18–06/19). Fast-strain-encoded imaging was performed within the 1-h timeframe (0 h/1 h algorithm) prior to 2nd high-sensitivity troponin T lab results. Images were acquired at rest as well as after 1-min of hyperventilation followed by a short breath-hold. In 108 patients (59 male; mean age: 57 ± 17y) the mean study time was 17 ± 3 min. An abnormal strain response after the breathing maneuver (persistent/increased/new onset of increased strain rates) correctly identified all 17 patients with a high-sensitivity troponin T dynamic (0 h/1 h algorithm) and explanatory significant coronary lesions, while in 86 patients without serologic or angiographic evidence for severe coronary artery disease the strain response was normal (sensitivity 100%, specificity 94.5%; 5 false positive results). The number of dysfunctional segments (strain > − 10%) proved to be a quantifiable marker for identifying patients with acute coronary syndrome. In patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome and inconclusive initial high-sensitivity troponin T, fast-strain-encoded imaging with a breathing maneuver may safely and rapidly identify patients with acute coronary syndrome, without the need for vasodilators, stress, or contrast agents.
Desalination at ambient temperature and pressure by a novel class of biporous anisotropic membrane
Authors: Qtaishat Mohammed Rasool , Obaid Mohammed , Matsuura Takeshi , Al-Samhouri Areej , Lee Jung-Gil , Soukane Sofiane , Ghaffour Noreddine 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecent scientific advances have made headway in addressing pertinient issues in climate change and the sustainability of our natural environment. This study makes use of a novel approach to desalination that is environment friendly, naturally sustainable and energy efficient, meaning that it is also cost efficient. Evaporation is a key phenomenon in the natural environment and used in many industrial applications including desalination. For a liquid droplet, the vapor pressure changes due to the curved liquid–vapor interface at the droplet surface. The vapor pressure at a convex surface in a pore is, therefore, higher than that at a flat surface due to the capillary effect, and this effect is enhanced as the pore radius decreases. This concept inspired us to design a novel biporous anisotropic membrane for membrane distillation (MD), which enables to desalinate water at ambient temperature and pressure by applying only a small transmembrane temperature gradient. The novel membrane is described as a super-hydrophobic nano-porous/micro-porous composite membrane. A laboratory-made membrane with specifications determined by the theoretical model was prepared for model validation and tested for desalination at different feed inlet temperatures by direct contact MD. A water vapor flux as high as 39.94 ± 8.3 L m−2 h−1 was achieved by the novel membrane at low feed temperature (25 °C, permeate temperature = 20 °C), while the commercial PTFE membrane, which is widely used in MD research, had zero flux under the same operating conditions. As well, the fluxes of the fabricated membrane were much higher than the commercial membrane at various inlet feed temperatures.
Thin foil body-shield resuscitation barrier device to protect from blood: an experimental study
Authors: Hermann Martin , Isser Markus , Bilgeri Valentin , Klinger Andreas , Lederer Wolfgang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn times of collective concern about pandemics, body-shield resuscitation barrier devices are more and more considered to protect against transmission of different pathogens between rescuers and patients. The objective of this experimental study was to investigate the characteristics of blood drops dispersed on the surface of four different foils suitable for blanketing patients during resuscitation. We analyzed run-off characteristics of blood stains depending on surface properties of polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate and aluminum-coated polyethylene terephthalate. Confocal fluorescence microscopy revealed less cellular density and lack of fibrin networks in blood stains on the four foil surfaces than on paper towel. Delayed clotting went along with larger areas of contamination indicating a greater likelihood of coming into contact with potential germs but a smaller chance of contracting an infection. Space blankets as obligatory components of first aid kits are readily available for rescuers and serve as a mechanical barrier between rescuers and patients during resuscitation.
Phylogeographic and phenotypic divergence between two subspecies of Testudo graeca (T. g. buxtoni and T. g. zarudnyi) across their contact zone in Iran
Authors: Ranjbar Neda , Malekian Mansoureh , Ashrafzadeh Mohammad Reza , Hemami Mahmoud-Reza 
Published: August 2022

AbstractContact zones are considered as windows into the evolutionary process, allowing identification of factors influencing the evolutionary forces. Here, we combined phylogenetic and morphometric analyses to explore the evolutionary process affecting the taxonomic pattern of two subspecies of Testudo graeca (T. g. buxtoni and T. g. zarudnyi) across their contact zone in Central Iran. Our results showed high levels of phylogeographic and phenotypic variation in the contact zone. Two monophyletic clades including, clade 1 (T. g. zarudnyi) and clade 2 (T. g. buxtoni) were identified. Furthermore, four distinct subclades were found in T. g. buxtoni, across a wide geographic range. Divergence time analysis suggests that the two subspecies diverged from one another after the uplifting of the Zagros Mountains during the early Pliocene. Using neutrality tests and mismatch distribution analysis, we found no evidence of recent population expansion. Morphological associations among geographical populations in the contact zone found more distinctions, with some significant adaptive and non-adaptive morphological variations in these populations. These distinctive morphological populations can be considered as management units (MUs) to conserve the evolutionary potential of this species. Finer scale evolutionary studies are required to address the southern part of the Zagros mountain range, where the overlapping of mitochondrial clades and subclades has occurred. Such information is essential for effective conservation of T. graeca populations, preventing translocation or mixing of individuals without comprehensive genetic and morphological assessment.
Molaren-Inzisiven-Hypomineralisation – Klinisches Bild,
Diagnostik und Würzburger Konzept
Authors: Bekes Katrin 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Molaren-Inzisiven-Hypomineralisation (MIH) beschreibt einen qualitativen
Defekt des Schmelzes an einem bis zu vier bleibenden ersten Molaren mit oder
ohne Beteiligung der permanenten Inzisiven. Charakteristisch sind
Opazitäten, ggf. fortschreitende posteruptive Schmelzeinbrüche
und das Auftreten von Hypersensibilitäten. Mit den Kriterien der
European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) ist es sehr gut möglich,
eine MIH in der Praxis sicher zu diagnostizieren. Differentialdiagnostisch
müssen genetische Strukturanomalien des Schmelzes, postnatale
Entwicklungsstörungen oder exogen bedingte Dysplasien ausgeschlossen
werden. Das Würzburger Konzept bietet eine Möglichkeit,
MIH-betroffene Zähne in Schweregrade einzuteilen und eine darauf
abgestimmte Therapie zu finden.
COVID-19 and Therapeutic Apheresis
Authors: Tselmin Sergey , Julius Ulrich , Jarzebska Natalia , Rodionov Roman N. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is an unprecedented
challenge for the global community. The pathogenesis of COVID-19, its
complications and long term sequelae (so called Long/Post-COVID)
include, in addition to the direct virus-induced tissues injury, multiple
secondary processes, such as autoimmune response, impairment of
microcirculation, and hyperinflammation. Similar pathological processes, but in
the settings of neurological, cardiovascular, rheumatological, nephrological,
and dermatological diseases can be successfully treated by powerful methods of
Therapeutic Apheresis (TA). We describe here the rationale and the initial
attempts of TA treatment in severe cases of acute COVID-19. We next review the
evidence for the role of autoimmunity, microcirculatory changes and inflammation
in pathogenesis of Long/Post COVID and the rationale for targeting those
pathogenic processes by different methods of TA. Finally, we discuss the impact
of COVID-19 pandemic on patients, who undergo regular TA treatments due to their
underlying chronic conditions, with the specific focus on the patients with
inherited lipid diseases being treated at the Dresden University Apheresis
Center.
α-Haloenamides: Synthesis and Subsequent Transformations
Authors: Feray Laurence , Bertrand Michèle P. , Galibert-Guijarro Aurélien 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe aim of this Short Review is to give an updated overview of the synthesis of α-haloenamides, which constitute a versatile subclass of enamides. α-Haloenamides can be prepared from ynamides, acetamides, or gem-dibromoalkenes in the presence of N-nucleophiles and easily converted into more elaborated structures through halogen-metal exchange and transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions.1	Introduction2	α-Haloenamide Synthesis2.1	Hydrohalogenation of Ynamides2.1.1	cis-Hydrohalogenation of Ynamides2.1.2	trans-Hydrohalogenation of Ynamides2.2	α,β-Dihalogenation2.2.1	lodochlorination and Iodobromination of Ynamides2.2.2	Iodofluorination of Ynamides2.3	Chloroselenation of Ynamides2.4	Carbohalogenation of Ynamides2.4.1	Carboiodination2.4.2	Chloroallylation2.4.3	Chloro-benzhydrylation2.4.4	Chloro-γ-hydroxylation2.5	Vilsmeier–Haack Reactions2.6	Cross-Coupling Reaction of gem-Dibromoalkenes in the Presence of N-Nucleophiles3	Transformations of α-Haloenamides3.1	Suzuki and Sonogashira Reactions3.2	Heck Reaction3.3	Stille Reaction3.4	Miscellaneous Applications3.4	Carbonylation3.4.2	Reduction3.4.3	Synthesis of α-Fluoroimides3.4.4	Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclization4	Conclusion
The Effects of Radiotherapy on Microhardness and Mineral Composition of Tooth Structures
Authors: Siripamitdul Patcharawat , Sivavong Pimduean , Osathanon Thanaphum , Pianmee Chawalid , Sangsawatpong Wiroj , Bunsong Chalermchart , Nantanapiboon Dusit 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microhardness and mineral composition alterations in enamel and dentine after radiotherapy.
Materials and Methods Forty human maxillary premolar teeth (20 pairs) were assigned to nonirradiated and irradiated groups, the latter irradiated by fractional radiation to achieve a total dose of 70 Gy. Microhardness measurement was performed on a Knoop microhardness tester. Chemical components were analyzed using energy dispersive spectroscopy and Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy. The morphology was observed using a scanning electron microscope. The microhardness data were analyzed using a paired t-tested and one-way repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the mineral composition data using related-samples Wilcoxon signed rank test and related-samples Friedman's two-way ANOVA by ranks.
Results The irradiated teeth had a significantly lower microhardness in both enamel and dentine compared with the nonirradiated teeth. The irradiated dentine at 50 μm from the external tooth surface at the cemento-enamel junction showed the lowest microhardness compared with other locations. There was no statistically significant difference in calcium:phosphate ratio and chemical components. There was a reduction in protein:mineral ratio in dentine and at the cemento-enamel junction after irradiation. The irradiated teeth exhibited crack lines at the dentine-enamel junction and in dentine.
Conclusion Fractional radiation reduced microhardness in both enamel and dentine. The cervical dentine exhibited the highest microhardness reduction compared with other enamel and dentine locations.
Disappearing acts: What Buddhist tree-icons might tell us
Authors: Levine Gregory 
Published: August 2022

AbstractArborglyphs, dendroglyphs, treefitti... Humans have cut into trees for all human time and for many reasons. Tree cutting is often violent to trees, labourers, and larger ecological communities—think of colonial rubber plantations and quinine, turpentine, and even maple syrup production. Other cases, unrelated to ‘factory forests,’ still involve the ‘hard politics’ of human actions, the worlds of representation and living trees as they come into contact at blade’s edge. I focus here on the carving of Buddhist icons into living trees in Japan, a practice evident in medieval to early modern icons as well as modern examples. How, I ask, might we (re-)entangle tree cut icons into the relationship of human image-making and arboreal physiology and being?
The CMS Inner Tracker electronics system development
Authors: Orfanelli S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A new Silicon Tracker will be built for the phase-2 upgrade of the CMS experiment. The innermost part, called the Inner Tracker, will be featuring high-granularity pixelated silicon sensors of 2500 µm2 and will need to cope with the unprecedented radiation levels of 1.9 Grad and 3.5 × 1016 neq/cm2 fluence and particle hit rates of 3.2 GHz/cm2. The pixel electronics system is based on innovative solutions such as a radiation hard pixel ASIC, the novel serial powering scheme used to power up to 12 detector modules in series and advanced technologies for the high bandwidth readout system based on electrical light-weight readout links of 1.28 Gbps, electrical to optical conversion as close as possible to the detector modules and back-end boards each one capable of receiving an aggregated data bandwidth of 190 Gbps. The recently optimised design of the CMS Inner Tracker electronics system will be presented in this contribution.
Development of an underwater networking system using bio-inspired electrocommunication
Authors: Zhang Han , Wang Wei , Wang Qinghao , Wang Chen , Xie Guangming 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Current underwater communication typically includes acoustic, optical, radio frequency, and magneto-inductive channels. Wireless sensor networks are usually built on these four channels. However, these underwater networks are vulnerable to complex aquatic environments. In nature, weakly electric fish are able to communicate electrically (called electrocommunication), which is ‘invisible’ to most other animals, to convey information such as species, courtship, and environmental conditions. Inspired by the electrocommunication of weakly electric fish, an artificial electrocommunication system that uses an electric induction (EI) channel has been developed recently. This paper further develops an underwater networking system using the EI channel, which addresses the solutions to collision avoidance and routing problems during electrocommunication networking. In particular, a CSMA/CA-based electrocommunication mechanism was used to solve the collision problem. Then, a single-hop underwater electrocommunication network (UEN) was established. Furthermore, a complex multi-hop UEN was implemented on the basis of the ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing protocol. Theoretical analysis, simulations, and experiments were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed UEN. Extensive results show that the UEN holds the potential to serve as a complement to future underwater wireless sensor networks.
Hybrid fibroin/polyurethane small-diameter vascular grafts: from fabrication to in vivo preliminary assessment
Authors: Caldiroli Alice , Pederzani Elia , Pezzotta Marco , Azzollini Nadia , Fiori Sonia , Tironi Matteo , Rizzo Paola , Sangalli Fabio , Figliuzzi Marina , Fiore Gianfranco Beniamino , Remuzzi Andrea , Riboldi Stefania Adele , Soncini Monica , Redaelli Alberto 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
To address the need of alternatives to autologous vessels for small-calibre vascular applications (e.g. cardiac surgery), a bio-hybrid semi-degradable material composed of silk fibroin (SF) and polyurethane (Silkothane®) was herein used to fabricate very small-calibre grafts (Øin = 1.5 mm) via electrospinning. Bio-hybrid grafts were in vitro characterized in terms of morphology and mechanical behaviour, and compared to similar grafts of pure SF. Similarly, two native vessels from a rodent model (abdominal aorta and vena cava) were harvested and characterized. Preliminary implants were performed on Lewis rats to confirm the suitability of Silkothane® grafts for small-calibre applications, specifically as aortic insertion and femoral shunt. The manufacturing process generated pliable grafts consisting of a randomized fibrous mesh and exhibiting similar geometrical features to rat aortas. Both Silkothane® and pure SF grafts showed radial compliances in the range from 1.37 ± 0.86 to 1.88 ± 1.01% 10−2 mmHg−1, lower than that of native vessels. The Silkothane® small-calibre devices were also implanted in rats demonstrating to be adequate for vascular applications; all the treated rats survived the surgery for three months after implantation, and 16 rats out of 17 (94%) still showed blood flow inside the graft at sacrifice. The obtained results lay the basis for a deeper investigation of the interaction between the Silkothane® graft and the implant site, which may deal with further analysis on the potentialities in terms of degradability and tissue formation, on longer time-points.
On the L∞ structure of Poisson gauge theory
Authors: Abla O , Kupriyanov V G , Kurkov M A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Poisson gauge theory is a semi-classical limit of full non-commutative gauge theory. In this work we construct an

L

∞

full

algebra which governs both the action of gauge symmetries and the dynamics of the Poisson gauge theory. We derive the minimal set of non-vanishing ℓ-brackets and prove that they satisfy the corresponding homotopy relations. On the one hand, it provides new explicit non-trivial examples of L∞ algebras. On the other hand, it can be used as a starting point for bootstrapping the full non-commutative gauge theory. The first few brackets of such a theory are constructed explicitly in the text. In addition we show that the derivation properties of ℓ-brackets on

L

∞

full

with respect to the truncated product on the exterior algebra are satisfied only for the canonical non-commutativity. In general,

L

∞

full

does not have a structure of P∞ algebra.