bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Architectural Analysis of Modified Trabeculectomy Blebs Using Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Barua Nabanita , Goel Sonu , Ghosh Pramit , Mukherjee Sonai , Chakraborti Chandana 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
Slit-lamp examination and intraocular pressure (IOP) monitoring have been used as substitute marker for assessment of bleb functionality for ages. With the advent of optical coherence tomography (OCT), a noninvasive, fast imaging techniques, it can now being used to look for the internal morphology to predict the long-term functional viability of the bleb.

Materials and Methods:
It is a single centric, observational study analyzing 30 eyes with trabeculectomy and combined procedure (postoperative 2 months to 1 year). Any patient with resurgery, previous conjunctival disease, or systemic antimetabolite therapy was excluded. After all baseline evaluation, imaging of all blebs was done by spectral-domain OCT (RTVue Inc., Fremont, CA). The architecture was described and functional correlation was evaluated. The bleb wall thickness, vertical subconjunctival fluid height, and qualitative assessment of wall reflectivity were recorded for analysis. All data were analyzed Epi-info 7 software. Pearson’s correlation and scatter diagram were used to look for nature of correlation between two variables, P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
Sample was age and sex matched. The mean IOP was 12.5 ± 2.502 mmHg in functional bleb. We found a significant inverse correlation between vertical subconjunctival depths and bleb width by scatter diagram (P < 0.0001). In subgroup analysis, we found functional blebs had lower bleb wall thickness (P = 0.007) and larger vertical subconjunctival fluid pockets (P = 0.003).

Conclusions:

In vivo architecture of filtering blebs can be objectively described using spectral OCT. Various quantitative and qualitative parameters can be analyzed to document functionality of bleb. Functional blebs had thinner bleb wall and larger subconjunctival fluid, whereas nonfunctional blebs had thick wall with high reflectivity.
Assessment of Resistance to Second Line Anti-tubercular Drugs By Line Probe Assay at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Thosani Pratik , Agarwal Ashwini , Karade Santosh , Sen Sourav , Katoch C. D. S. , Jindamwar Prashant , Shergill S. P. S. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Context:
Emergence and spread of extensively drug resistance (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) is a challenge in resource-limited settings. Although India accounts for one-fourth burden of multi-drug resistant cases of TB, the prevalence of XDR TB varies widely. Timely detection of resistance to anti-tubercular drugs is important for optimal case management.

Aims:
Characterization of resistance mutations to second-line anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) using line probe assay (LPA).

Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional, conducted at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Western Maharashtra, we assessed resistance to second-line antitubercular drugs in 100 consecutive sputum specimens from patients failing first-line ATT as per national guidelines by LPA.

Results:
Of the 100 specimens studied, a total of 94 assay results were valid. Of these, no resistance was seen in 52 specimens. Resistance to fluoroquinolones (FLQ) was detected in 30% of specimen with a predominance of gyrA gene mutations. A total of 12% isolates were resistant to aminoglycosides with mutations observed in rrs gene.

Conclusions:
The study demonstrates the utility of LPA as a tool to support the diagnosis of drug-resistant TB in clinical setting.
A Comparative Analysis among Three World Health Organization Growth Charts
Authors: Borgaonkar Chaitali A. , Gokhale Chinmay N. , Solanki Mridula J. , Shanbhag Sunita S. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
India is in a phase of nutrition transition. Child nutrition and growth monitoring services are provided under the state-run Integrated Child Development Scheme program. Classically, only one kind of growth chart is used to quantify nutrition status and categorize the children.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study involving 222 children was done to compare the outcome of nutritional status evaluated using three World Health Organization growth charts: weight-for-age, height-for-age, and weight-for-height. The results obtained by the use of these three charts were further compared and analyzed for concordance.

Results:
The three growth charts showed that 58% of children were underweight, 53% had stunting, and 35% were wasted among the study population. The comparisons using sensitivity/specificity, Kappa statistics, and ANOVA showed bidirectional disagreements between the three charts. Similar results could be deduced from large surveys done previously in Iraq and Congo.

Conclusion:
Hence, simultaneous use of three growth charts to categorize nutrition status is essential. This will help in preventing missing out cases of malnutrition and perhaps may aid in detecting child malnutrition at a relatively earlier stage.
Uric Acid Level and Its Correlation with Glycemic Control in Diabetics with Normal Renal Function
Authors: Latief Muzamil , Shafi Obeid , Hassan Zhahid , Farooq Summyia , Abbas Farhat 
Published: January 2022

Introduction:
Limited studies have evaluated the relationship between uric acid and diabetes mellitus (DM), with different studies reporting varying findings. We aimed to investigate the association between levels of uric acid and glycemic control in type 2 DM (T2DM) in our patient cohort.

Materials and Methods:
We analyzed 200 consecutive patients in the age group of 30–70 years suffering from T2DM with normal renal functions (glomerular filtration rate >60 ml/min/1.73 m2), after excluding patients taking medications for lowering uric acid levels or diuretics. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), random blood glucose (RBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and serum uric acid levels were measured in all the patients.

Results:
The mean age of the study population was 55.25 ± 12.05 years. There was no statistically significant difference in mean age, FBG, RBG, serum uric acid, and HbA1c levels or between males and females in our study cohort. There was a statistically significant negative correlation (P < 0.05) between uric acid levels and HbA1c (r = −0.189) and FBG (r = −0.114).

Conclusion:
We report an inverse correlation between uric acid levels and glycemic control in diabetic patients with normal renal function, irrespective of gender.
Integrated miRNA and mRNA Analysis Identified Potential Mechanisms and Targets of Qianggan Extracts in Preventing Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Huang Jie , Li Meng , Zhoua Wen-Jun , Yao Ze-Min , Ji Guang , Zhang Li , Zhu Ming-Zhe 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
Qianggan (QG) extract is a patented traditional Chinese medicine that has been widely used for the clinical treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, its mechanism remains unclear.

Methods:
The efficacy of QG was evaluated in mice with methionine-and-choline-deficient diet-induced NASH by measuring serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase levels and by H and E staining of liver sections. Microarray and bioinformatics analyses were performed to obtain hepatic microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA expression profiles and to mine potential mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Furthermore, representative miRNA and mRNA expression levels were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).

Results:
QG extract significantly improved NASH. Twelve differentially expressed miRNAs and 1124 differentially changed mRNAs were identified as potential targets of QG extract. Integrated analysis detected 976 miRNA–mRNA regulatory pairs, and networks including 11 miRNAs and 427 mRNAs were constructed by Cytoscape. Hub nodes including miR-7050-5p, miR-212-3p, Bcl2l11, and Kras were filtered out. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses revealed that 427 mRNAs were enriched in pathways including apoptotic process, immune response, FoxO signaling pathway, and natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. We also constructed a protein–protein interaction network with 254 nodes, and identified hub genes including Kras, Fasl, and Ncam1. Finally, the results of qRT-PCR were in good accordance with microarray data.

Conclusion:
This study identified important hub miRNAs and mRNAs involved in the mechanism of QG extract and which might provide potential therapeutic targets for patients with NASH.
Therapeutics of Integrative Medicine Ameliorate Immunological Disorders of the Nervous System
Authors: Ma Jin-Yun , Cruz Jennifer , Jin Jason , Peng Xiao-Yan , Zhang Ai-Ming , Cheng Xiao-Dong 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
The objective of the study is to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of integrative medicine in the treatment of immunological disorders of the nervous system.

Methods:
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines were adopted to conduct this study, which included randomized controlled trials with a confirmed diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS), myasthenia gravis (MG), and Guillain–Barre syndrome (GBS), all of which were treated with integrative medicine. The effective rate, recurrent frequency, and disease score were used as the markers of outcome variables for the meta-analysis.

Results:
A total of 48 randomized control trials were included. The effective rates of treatment with integrative medicine were noticeably higher than those with Western medicine alone for the three diseases. The recurrence frequency for MS and the recurrence rate for MG treated with integrative medicine were reduced more than those with Western medicine alone. The Extended Disability Status Scale, acetylcholine receptor antibody, and Hughes scores for MS, MG, and GBS, respectively, treated with integrative medicine were significantly lower than those with Western medicine alone. The risks of bias in the literature evaluation showed that the quality of the included studies was not high.

Conclusions:
Compared to treatment with Western medicine alone, integrative medicine might ameliorate immunological disorders of the nervous system.
Energy Performance Modeling of a Sugar Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Akinyemi Olasunkanmi O. , Oladunjoye Olusesi A. 
Published: January 2022

Effective energy monitoring, reporting, and management strategies for wise energy usage is one of the objectives of Energy Management. Numerous researches have highlighted the extremely good profits of imposing business and industrial energy management measures. Notably, a number of those research display that extra financial savings may be found out in growing international locations. Unfortunately, industries in developing countries like Nigeria are lagging behind in the adoption of energy management measures and as such missing the benefits of implementation. This research study sets out to evaluate the energy consumption performance in manufacturing industry in order to showcase the gains of energy management in manufacturing industry. Data on weekly energy consumption (in MW) and weekly production of sugar (in Bags, 50kg/bag) were obtained from a sugar manufacturing company in southwestern Nigeria. Energy management data analysis and modeling was done using linear regression plot of energy consumption against production; energy intensity plot and cumulative sum of difference (CUSUM) plot respectively. The energy performance model was obtained from the linear regression plot and two parameters namely incremental energy consumed per bag (per kg) of sugar produced and “no-production” energy consumption are the performance measures. The model showed that the incremental energy consumed per bag (or per kg) is 0.00008 MW/Bag or 80W/Bag or 1600W/kg while the no-production energy consumption is 211.73 MW. Results also reveals that the no-production activities consumed energy more when compared with the actual energy used for production. CUSUM identified five periods when energy consumption gave higher and increased production thereby showing that CUSUM charts are more effective in detecting changes in energy consumption. The research study has shown how energy management data analysis can be helpful in taking decision that will enhance increased production and reduction of no-production energy consumption activities.
Keywords: Energy management, CUSUM, Performance model, Energy, No-production energy consumption
Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Proximate Analyses of Leaf Extracts of Newbouldia laevis (Boundary Tree)
Authors: Ushie O. A. , Longbap B. D. , Ugwuja D. I. , Iyen S. I. , Azuaga T.I. , Uba M. 
Published: January 2022

This work is designed to enrich the available scientific data on the phytochemistry and nutrient content of N. laevis leaves. The method of cold maceration was used in the extraction by serial exhaustive extraction method. The phytochemical screening of Newbouldia laevis was using through controlled experiment. Qualitative phytochemical screening and proximate analyses of Newbouldia laevis was studied using extracts of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol which were obtained extract from powdered plant part. The extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening using standard procedure and the results shows that all the phytochemicals screened for were revealed in various leaf extracts. Alkaloids and flavonoids are present in all the extracts except ethyl acetate that did not show the presence of alkaloids. Only phlobatannins and tannins were absent in all the extract, steroid is present only in acetone. The proximate analysis revealed the nutritional composition of Newbouldia laevis to be 6.03% of moisture, 7.96% of ash, 9.81% of crude protein, 16.50% of fat, 33.40%. The diversity of phytochemical present suggested that N. laevis could serve as a source of drugs.
Keywords: Newbouldia laevis, phytochemistry, Nutrients
Fertility Enhancing Effect of Diopyros mespiliformis (African Ebony) Stem Bark on Testes of Wistar Albino Rats: A hormonal study
Authors: Elijah S. , Garba S.H. , Zirahei J.V. 
Published: January 2022

Diospyros mespiliformis (African ebony) is a plant that is highly recognized all over African and Asian countries, for its medicinal and curative properties. This study investigates the effects of Diospyros mespiliformis aqueous stem bark extract on the testis, epididymal weight and hormonal assay in Wistar albino rats at different doses. Thirty Adult Wistar rats were assigned into five groups of six rats each. With group I serving as control, while group (II, III, IV and V) were treated with 25mg/kg, 50mg/kg 100mg/kg and 100mg/kg (post treatment group) of the extract within the experimental period of twenty eight days. Twenty four hours after the last oral administration, the rats in groups (I- IV) were euthanized for tissue harvesting. The rats in group V were allowed to remain for fourteen days post-treatment and they were euthanized on day fifteen. Testes, epididymis tissues were harvested and weighed, blood samples were collected for hormonal analysis. Investigations revealed an increased in testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) serum level in groups (II, III and IV) when compared to groups (I and V). The testis and epididymis weight increased in groups (III and IV) when compared to the groups (I, II and V). The results of the study revealed that aqueous stem bark extract of Diospyros mespiliformis have fertility enhancing potentials on the testis, epididymis and hormonal serum level in Wistar albino rats.
Keywords: Diospyros mespiliformis, Epididymis, Fertility enhancers, Hormone, Weight
Comparative growth performance and carcass characteristics of guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) and three chicken genotypes
Authors: Zelleke Getnet , Urge Mengistu , Animut Getachew , Esatu Wondmeneh , Dessie Tadelle 
Published: January 2022

A study was conducted to compare the growth performance and carcass characteristics of guinea fowl (GF) with Horro (HR) and Tilili (TL) local chickens, and Potchefstroom Koekoek (PK) exotic chicken. Seventy-five-day-old chicks from each genotype were used in 3 replications in a completely randomized design. Commercial starter and grower feed was fed ad libitum during the 20 weeks of the study. Daily dry matter intake in g/bird was greater for PK (70) than GF (63), HR (59), TL (61). The final body weight (FBW) g/bird was higher for PK (2022), intermediate for HR (1567) and TL (1539), and low for GF (1286). The average daily weight gain (ADG) was 9 g/bird for GF, 11 g/bird for HR and TL and 14 g/bird for PK. The eviscerated weight g/bird was highest for PK (1679), followed by HR (1323) and TL (1249) and lowest for GF (913). The breast weight (g/bird) was higher for PK (436) than GF (281), HR (311), and TL (284). The thigh weight was higher for PK (303) and HR (252), followed by TL (208) and lowest for GF (157). The abdominal fat content was higher for PK (29 g), followed by HR and TL (12 g each), and low for GF (6 g). The ultimate pH24 h of the breast was higher for GF (6.0) followed by PK (5.8), HR and TL (5.7). GF had higher pH24h thigh meat (6.2), others had 5.8. The meat from GF was darker than normal in color compared to chickens. The GF, HR and TL local chickens could be used as alternate meat-type poultry species with continuous selection.
Epidémie de la panachure jaune du riz: une contrainte biotique majeure de la production rizicole dans les périmètres irrigués du Niger
Authors: Issaka Souley , Souley Mariama Abdoulaye Moussa , Basso Adamou 
Published: January 2022

La panachure jaune du riz, causée par le Rice Yellow Mottle Virus (RYMV), est présente au Niger depuis plus de trois décennies, avec des pertes importantes de récoltes. Une réévaluation de cette maladie sur les périmètres irrigués a été faite pour estimer son incidence et les pertes de récoltes qu’elle engendre. L’étude a consisté à: (i) surveiller l’épidémie dans quelques périmètres rizicoles sur deux campagnes, (ii) calculer les pertes de production en grains enregistrées et (ii) caractériser quelques isolats du virus. Elle a révélé que la maladie est toujours présente dans les périmètres irrigués du pays. Son incidence moyenne est de 5 à 30%, en saison sèche et en saison humide, elle varie entre 5 et 70%, avec des niveaux d’infestation variables d’un périmètre à l’autre. Les pertes moyennes de production en grains enregistrées en champ paysan sont variables selon les sites et oscillent entre 27,17% et 63,26% en saison humide où lesdites pertes ont été plus importantes. Ces résultats montrent que l’épidémie de la panachure jaune du riz est toujours très fréquente au Niger et constitue une contrainte majeure de la production rizicole, dominée par la prévalence d’isolats de contournement de la résistance e et l’utilisation presque exclusive de deux principales variétés de riz que sont IR1529-680-3-1 et Kogoni91-1.
The rice yellow mottle due to Rice Yellow Mottle Virus (RYMV) is present in Niger Republic for more than three decades, with significant crop losses. A reassessment of this disease on irrigated areas has been made, to estimate its incidence and the crop losses it causes. The study consisted of: (i) monitoring the epidemic in a few rice-growing perimeters over two seasons, (ii) calculating the recorded grains production losses and (ii) characterizing some isolates of the virus. It revealed that the disease is still present in the country's rice irrigated perimeters. Its average incidence is 5-30% in the dry season and in the wet season it varies between 5 and 70%, with varying levels of infestation depending on the perimeter. Average grains production losses recorded in the producer’s field vary from site to site and range from 27.17% to 63.26% in the wet season when these losses were greater. These results show that the Rice yellow mottling epidemic is still very frequent in Niger Republic and constitutes a major constraint of rice production, dominated by the prevalence of Resistance Breaking isolates (RB) and the almost exclusive use of two main rice varieties which are IR1529-680-3-1 and Kogoni91-1.
Effet de micronutriments et de nutriments secondaires sur la production du mil et du sorgho en Zone nord soudanienne du Burkina Faso
Authors: Traore Boubacar , Serme Idriss , Ouattara Badiori , Bougma Amélie , Ouedraogo Jean , Pouya B. Mathias , Ouattara Korodjouma 
Published: January 2022

L’inadéquation de la fertilisation minérale est une contrainte qui limite la production du sorgho et du mil au Burkina Faso. Cette étude vise à déterminer l’effet des nutriments secondaires et des micronutriments (NSM) dans la production du sorgho et du mil sur des sols ferrugineux tropicaux lessivés du Burkina Faso. Elle a été conduite en station expérimentale à Saria de 2018 à 2019. Le dispositif expérimental est constitué d’un bloc de Fisher avec trois répétitions. Sept traitements ont été comparés : Témoin (0), NPK (60-15-20), NPK+S (60-15-20-15S), NPK+Mg (60-15-20-10Mg), NPK+Zn (60-15-20-2,5Zn), NPK+B (60-15-20-0,5B) et Complet (60-15-20-15S-10Mg-2,5Zn-0,5B). Le rendement grain du sorgho a été significativement augmenté avec les traitements combinant les NSM au macronutriment. Contrairement au sorgho, cette combinaison a entraîné une baisse des rendements grain du mil. Les rendements grains du sorgho ont augmenté de 40% en 2018 avec les traitements Complet, NPK+S, NPK+Zn et NPK+Mg. En 2019, ces augmentations ont été de 53%, 23% et 16% respectivement avec les traitements Complet, NPK+B et NPK+S par rapport au NPK. L’apport d’engrais composé de NPK combiné au NSM et à la matière organique est une alternative pour accroître durablement les rendements des céréales.
The inadequacy of mineral fertilization is a constraint that limits the production of sorghum and millet in Burkina Faso. This study aimed at determining the effect of secondary nutrients and micronutrients (NSM) in the production of cereals on leached tropical ferruginous soils from Burkina Faso. It was conducted in the Saria experimental station from 2018 to 2019. The experimental design consisted of a Fisher block with three repetitions. Seven treatments were compared: Control without fertilizers (0), NPK (60-15-20), NPK + S (60-15-20-15S), NPK + Mg (60-15-20-10Mg), NPK + Zn (60-15-20-2,5Zn), NPK + B (60-15-20-0,5B) and Complete (60-15-20-15S-10Mg-2,5 Zn-0,5B). The grain yield of sorghum was significantly increased with the addition of NSM to the NPK. However, millet grain yield was decline with NSM addition to NPK treatment. The Complete, NPK + S, NPK + Zn and NPK + Mg treatments showed 40% increasing in grain yield of sorghum compared to NPK in 2018. Complete, NPK + B and NPK + S treatments which increased the grain yield of sorghum by 53%, 23% and 16% respectively in 2019. Adding NPK fertilizer combined with NSM and organic matter is an alternative to achieve sustainable increasing of grains yields.