bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant community impact on productivity: Trait diversity or key(stone) species effects?
Authors: Brun Philipp , Violle Cyrille , Mouillot David , Mouquet Nicolas , Enquist Brian J. , Munoz François , Münkemüller Tamara , Ostling Annette , Zimmermann Niklaus E. , Thuiller Wilfried 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOutside controlled experimental plots, the impact of community attributes on primary productivity has rarely been compared to that of individual species. Here, we identified plant species of high importance for productivity (key species) in >29,000 diverse grassland communities in the European Alps, and compared their effects with those of community‐level measures of functional composition (weighted means, variances, skewness and kurtosis). After accounting for the environment, the five most important key species jointly explained more deviance of productivity than any measure of functional composition alone. Key species were generally tall with high specific leaf areas. By dividing the observations according to distinct habitats, the explanatory power of key species and functional composition increased and key‐species plant types and functional composition‐productivity relationships varied systematically, presumably because of changing interactions and trade‐offs between traits. Our results advocate for a careful consideration of species’ individual effects on ecosystem functioning in complement to community‐level measures.
The Dziani Dzaha Lake: A long‐awaited modern analogue for superheavy pyrites
Authors: Cadeau Pierre , Cartigny Pierre , Thomazo Christophe , Jézéquel Didier , Leboulanger Christophe , Sarazin Gérard , Ader Magali 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSedimentary records of superheavy pyrites in Phanerozoic and Proterozoic successions (i.e., extremely positive δ34Spyrite values together with higher δ34Spyrite than coeval δ34SCAS) are mostly interpreted as resulting either from secondary postdepositional processes or from multiple redox reactions between sulfate and sulfide in stratified sulfate‐poor environments. We report here the first observation of strongly positive δ34S values for both dissolved sulfate and sulfide (average δ34Sdiss.sulfate value of 34.6‰ and δ34Sdiss.sulfide values of 36.7‰) compared to the present‐day seawater δ34Sdiss.sulfate (~21‰), with a negative apparent fractionation between sulfate and sulfide (∆34Sdiss.sulfate‐diss.sulfide ~ −2.1 ± 1.4‰), in the sulfate‐poor (<3 mm) modern thalassohaline lacustrine system Dziani Dzaha (Mayotte, Indian Ocean). Overall, surface sediments faithfully record the water column isotopic signatures including a mainly negative ∆34Ssed.sulfate‐sed.sulfide (−4.98 ± 4.5‰), corresponding to the definition of superheavy pyrite documented in the rock record. We propose that in the Dziani Dzaha this superheavy pyrite signature results from a two‐stage evolution of the sulfur biogeochemical cycle. In a first stage, the sulfur cycle would have been dominated by sulfate from initially sulfate‐rich marine waters. Overtime, Raleigh distillation by microbial sulfate reduction coupled with sulfide burial in the sediment would have progressively enriched in 34S the water column residual sulfate. In a second still active stage, quantitative sulfate reduction not only occurs below the halocline during stratified periods but also in the whole water column during fully anoxic episodes. Sulfates are then regenerated by partial oxidation of sulfides as the oxic–anoxic interface moves downward. These results demonstrate that the atypical superheavy pyrite isotope signature does not necessarily require postdepositional or secondary oxidative processes and can result from primary processes in restricted sulfate‐poor and highly productive environments analogous to the Dziani Dzaha.
Temperature thresholds drive the global distribution of soil fungal decomposers
Authors: Feng Youzhi , Zhang Jianwei , Berdugo Miguel , Guirado Emilio , Guerra Carlos A. , Egidi Eleonora , Wang Juntao , Singh Brajesh K. , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUnraveling the biogeographic pattern of soil fungal decomposers along temperature gradients—in smooth linearity or an abrupt jump—can help us connect the global carbon cycle to global warming. Through a standardized global field survey, we identify the existence of temperature thresholds that control the global distribution of soil fungal decomposers, leading to abrupt reductions in their proportion (i.e., the relative abundance in the fungal community) immediately after crossing particular air and soil temperature thresholds. For example, small increases over the mean annual temperature threshold of ~9°C result in abrupt reductions in their proportion, paralleling a similar temperature threshold for soil carbon content. We further find that the proportion of soil fungal decomposers is more sensitive to temperature increases under arid conditions. Given the positive correlation between the global distributions of fungal decomposers and soil heterotrophic respiration, the reported temperature‐driven abrupt reductions in fungal decomposers could further suppress their driven soil decomposition processes and reduce carbon fluxes from soils to the atmosphere with implications for climate change feedback. This work not only advances the current knowledge on the global distribution of soil fungal decomposers, but also highlights that small changes in temperature around certain thresholds can lead to potential unexpected consequences in global carbon cycling under projected climate change.
The prime minister's constitution: Cabinet rulebooks in Westminster democracies
Authors: Barry Nicholas , Miragliotta Narelle , Nwokora Zim 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe transformation of governance in Westminster democracies is well documented. However, one aspect of their change that has not received much attention is the creation and publication of cabinet rulebooks. The few studies of cabinet rulebooks have focused on their potential constitutional implications, leaving unclear how their emergence fits within the broader development of Westminster governance. We address this gap in the literature by examining cabinet rulebooks in five Westminster democracies: Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. We analyze their features and emergence, and then set out a framework to analyze their potential effects on cabinet dynamics. We find that the appearance of cabinet rulebooks can be tied to several forces of change in Westminster systems, but most especially the growth of government. Furthermore, we find that these rulebooks project an account of prime ministerial power that is favorable to the prime minister.
From the United States to China? A trade perspective to reveal the structure and dynamics of global electronic‐telecommunications
Authors: Duan Dezhong , Xia Qifan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDespite contributions, most of the studies on electronic‐telecommunications trade are conducted within the framework of a global value chain and mainly based on an enterprise‐level. The global trade structure and dynamics of electronic‐telecommunications are still mysterious. In this paper, by deriving trade data of electronic‐telecommunications between countries (regions) from the UN Comtrade Database, characteristics in product, space and network of the global electronic‐telecommunications trade from 2000 to 2017 are explored, and the factors influencing its evolution. The results indicate that telecommunications equipment is gradually replacing electronic integrated circuits, thus leading the development of global trade on electronic‐telecommunications. In space, the global import pattern of electronic‐telecommunications has always been a tri‐polar pattern dominated by Asia‐Pacific, Europe, and North America, while the geography of global electronic‐telecommunications export has undergone fundamental changes, most notably the rise of the East Asia region represented by Mainland China. The global trade center in electronic and communication products has changed from USA to China. In terms of network structure, the global electronic‐telecommunications trade network continues to expand, showing significant small‐world and core‐peripheral characteristics, and a more competitive multi‐centric core is observed. In addition, Quadratic Assignment Procedure analysis indicates that culture proximity, innovation differences, and manufacturing differences have a positive effect on the international trade, while geographical distance, economic gap, openness gap, trade gap, and infrastructure gap play negative roles.
Women’s entrepreneurial subjectivity under scrutiny: Expert knowledge on gender and entrepreneurship
Authors: Serrano‐Pascual Amparo , Carretero‐García Carlota 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn recent years, entrepreneurship has become a guiding principle of the thinkable, not just in economy, but also justice. Boosting entrepreneurship among women is a manifestation of this project, which a‐problematically links the call for equality with the activation of the economy. The standpoint usually taken in scientific and political debates assumes that, in the case of women, there is an incompatibility between gender norms and entrepreneurial subjectivity. Considering the performative nature of knowledge production, this article analyses how gender is (un)done through the problematization of women's entrepreneurial subjectivity by expert knowledge. To do so, it reviews a sample of the scientific literature of the past 10 years focused on the complex relations in place throughout these regulatory spaces. The authors identify three types of approaches (women facing entrepreneurship, the gender of entrepreneurship and the entrepreneurship of gender) and discuss the prevailing normative assumptions, as well as the political implications, through a gender and feminist lens.
Visual perception grounding of social cognition in preverbal infants
Authors: Goupil Nicolas , Papeo Liuba , Hochmann Jean‐Rémy 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSocial life is inherently relational, entailing the ability to recognize and monitor social entities and the relationships between them. Very young infants privilege socially relevant entities in the visual world, such as faces and bodies. Here, we show that six‐month‐old infants also discriminate between configurations of multiple human bodies, based on the internal visuo‐spatial relations between bodies, which could cue—or not—social interaction. We measured the differential looking times for two images, each featuring two identical bodies, but in different spatial relations. Infants discriminated between face‐to‐face and back‐to‐back body dyads (Experiment 1), and treated face‐to‐face dyads with higher efficiency (i.e., processing speed), relative to back‐to‐back dyads (Experiment 2). Looking times for dyads in an asymmetrical relation (i.e., one body facing another without reciprocation) were comparable to looking times for face‐to‐face dyads, and differed from looking times to back‐to‐back dyads, suggesting general discrimination between the presence versus absence of relation (Experiment 3). Infants’ discrimination of images based on relative positioning of items did not generalize to body‐object pairs (Experiment 4). Early sensitivity to the relative positioning of bodies in a scene may be a building block of social cognition, preparing the discovery of the keel and backbone of social life: relations.
Reproductive and pregnancy health care for women with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A scoping review
Authors: Ransohoff Jade I. , Sujin Kumar Prisha , Flynn David , Rubenstein Eric 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundWomen with intellectual and developmental disabilities face poorer reproductive and pregnancy outcomes partially due to health care inequity. Our objective was to conduct a scoping review of reproductive and pregnancy related health care among women with intellectual and developmental disabilities.MethodsWe systematically reviewed three databases for keywords pertaining to pregnancy, reproductive health, and intellectual and developmental disabilities. Two reviewers screened abstracts and extracted full text. We synthesised included papers, identifying common themes.ResultsThirty‐six papers met review criteria. Women with intellectual and developmental disabilities had lower fertility rates and were less likely to receive adequate sexual education compared to peers. While most women received prenatal care, uptake was lower and received later than women without intellectual and developmental disabilities.ConclusionsPregnancy‐related health care is often lacking for women with intellectual and developmental disabilities. There are gaps inhibiting our understanding which prevents action to reduce health disparities.
A Novel missense mutation of COL2A1 gene in a large family with stickler syndrome type I
Authors: Liu Xiuzhen , Dong Hongliang , Gong Yuerong , Wang Lianqing , Zhang Ruyi , Zheng Tihua , Zheng Yuxi , Shen Shuang , Zheng Chelsea , Tian Mingming , Liu Naiguo , Zhang Xiaolin , Zheng Qing Yin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractStickler syndrome type I (STL1, MIM 108300) is characterized by ocular, auditory, skeletal and orofacial manifestations. Nonsyndromic ocular STL1 (MIM 609508) characterized by predominantly ocular features is a subgroup of STL1, and it is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. In this study, a novel variant c.T100>C (p.Cys34Arg) in COL2A1 related to a large nonsyndromic ocular STL1 family was identified through Exome sequencing (ES). Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the variant site was highly conserved and the pathogenic mechanism of this variant may involve in affected structure of chordin‐like cysteine‐rich (CR) repeats of ColIIA. Minigene assay indicated that this variant did not change alternative splicing of exon2 of COL2A1. Moreover, the nonsyndromic ocular STL1 family with 16 affected members showed phenotype variability and certain male gender trend. None of the family members had hearing loss. Our findings would expand the knowledge of the COL2A1 mutation spectrum, and phenotype variability associated with nonsyndromic ocular STL1. Search for genetic modifiers and related molecular pathways leading to the phenotype variation warrants further studies.
Prostaglandin E‐major urinary metabolite diagnoses mucosal healing in patients with ulcerative colitis in remission phase
Authors: Sakurai Toshiyuki , Akita Yoshihiro , Miyashita Haruna , Miyazaki Ryosuke , Maruyama Yuki , Saito Tomoko , Shimada Mariko , Yamasaki Takuji , Arhihiro Seiji , Kato Tomohiro , Matsuura Tomokazu , Ikegami Masahiro , Okayasu Isao , Saruta Masayuki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and AimUlcerative colitis (UC) is usually detected by clinical symptoms, such as bleeding and diarrhea; however, it is rather difficult to assess during asymptomatic clinical remission (CR). Hence, there is a need for a biomarker that can reliably detect UC during remission. We previously reported on the utility of the prostaglandin E‐major urinary metabolite (PGE‐MUM) as a biomarker reflecting UC activity. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of the PGE‐MUM in the diagnosis of endoscopic, histological, and histo‐endoscopic mucosal remission of UC, comparing with fecal tests.MethodsThis prospective study was conducted at the Jikei University Hospital between August 2017 and January 2021. Patients with UC in CR scheduled to undergo colonoscopy were included. The association between the PGE‐MUM with endoscopic remission (ER), histological remission (HR), and complete mucosal healing (CMH, defined as histo‐endoscopic remission) was analyzed. We also compared the area under the curve (AUC) for the receiver operating characteristic curves between PGE‐MUM, fecal calprotectin (FC), and fecal immunochemical test (FIT).ResultsIn total, 128 patients were analyzed. PGE‐MUM differed significantly in ER versus non‐ER (14.5 vs 16.7, P = 0.028), HR versus non‐HR (14.2 vs 17.4, P = 0.004), and CMH versus non‐CMH (14.3 vs 16.7, P = 0.021). There were no significant differences between the AUCs for PGE‐MUM, FC, and FIT for ER, HR, or CMH.ConclusionsThe PGE‐MUM can determine CMH in UC even during CR, regardless of the disease phenotype, indicating its clinical benefit for non‐invasive monitoring.
Interruptions during medication work in a Saudi Arabian hospital: An observational and interview study of nurses
Authors: Eid Thurayya , Machudo Sabo , Eid Rehan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo examine the nature of the interruptions during medication work.DesignAn exploratory descriptive design was used with 28 nurses during 15 medication rounds in the medical, surgical, and gynecology wards at a 1000‐bed tertiary teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia.MethodsNon‐participant prospective observational and follow‐up interview methods were used to collect data. A standard paper‐based tool and digital stopwatch to count the interruptions were used. Nurses' sources, the secondary tasks undertaken, and the impacts of the interruptions were considered. The data were analyzed via descriptive analysis.ResultsA total of 87 medication‐related events occurred. In these, 182 interruptions accounted for 90.0% of the total. Interruptions were more frequent during medication administration and often occurred in the corridors and patients' rooms. Nurses, medical officers, and impediments were frequent sources of interruptions. The secondary tasks attended by the nurses were mostly related with impediment resolutions and patients' needs. System failures appeared to be associated with clinical and procedural errors.ConclusionThe results of this study provide information regarding the course of interruptions during medication work in a Saudi Arabian hospital. Nurses were the main source of interruptions related with the provision of patient care and resolution of impediments. Interruptions tended to be associated with clinical errors and procedural failures due to system failure. Promoting a culture of respect and workplace etiquette in global healthcare settings demands minimizing non‐life‐threatening interruptions during nursing works.Clinical relevanceStrategies used in hospital management systems that affect nursing, pharmacies, human resources, and ancillary service department collaborations should be monitored for effectiveness and to ensure patient safety. Various approaches toward medication management systems, such as the utilization of an Omnicell automatic dispensing machine and cabinets within each patient's room, as well as others, such as wearing a “no‐interruption zone” sign, could be tailored and matched to the context of the practice to reduce interruptions.
Evaluation of the cumulative effect of Radiofrequency Microneedling and fractional Erbium: Glass 1565 laser in moderate to severe acne scars in skin of color
Authors: Sharad Jaishree 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAim and objectivesEvaluation of the cumulative effect of Radiofrequency Microneedling and fractional Erbium: Glass 1565 laser in moderate to severe acne scars in skin of color.Material and MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted on 20 patients of skin types III –V having moderate to severe atrophic acne scars. The study was carried out over 1 year from March 2019 to March 2020.ProcedureAll patients underwent 4 sessions of non‐ablative Fractional Erbium: Glass 1565 laser to alternate with 4 sessions of Fractional Radiofrequency Microneedling once a month over 8 months.ResultsOf the 20 patients enrolled, 18 completed treatment protocol. Two patients were withdrawn from the study because they were unable to attend follow‐up treatment sessions. The subjective evaluation was performed using photographs at baseline, 8 months, and 12 months. A photographic evaluation was performed using the following numeric responses: <25%, 25–50%, 51–75%, and 76–100% difference in severity. None of the patients had worsening of their scars. The improvement in scars was statistically significant.ConclusionThe combination of Fractional Erbium: Glass 1565 laser and Fractional Radiofrequency Microneedling can be used in the treatment of acne scars in skin of color. Our protocols helped achieve significant improvement of scars.
Elastin microfibril interface‐located protein 1 and its catabolic enzyme, cathepsin K, regulate the age‐related structure of elastic fibers in the skin
Authors: Kondo Shinya , Tohgasaki Takeshi , Shiga Soichiro , Nishizawa Shino , Ishiwatari Shioji , Ishikawa Shinsuke , Takeda Akira , Sakurai Tetsuhito 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe elastic fiber structure becomes shorter, thicker, and curved with age. Nonetheless, the proteins and catabolic enzymes influencing the maintenance of and change in the three‐dimensional (3D) structure of elastic fibers remain unknown. This study aimed to identify the proteins involved in the maintenance and degeneration of elastic fiber structures.MethodsWe performed a combined 3D structural analysis using tissue decolorization technology and mRNA abundance and comprehensive protein expression of tissue‐derived cells. The relationship between the proteins was evaluated.ResultsElastin microfibril interface‐located protein 1 (EMILIN‐1) and cathepsin K (CTSK) were implicated in structural changes in elastic fibers with aging. EMILIN‐1 and CTSK levels were highly correlated and changed with age. CTSK was identified as the degrading enzyme of EMILIN‐1. CTSK fragmented the otherwise linearly existing dermal elastic fiber structure, with more evident changes in oxytalan fibers. EMILIN‐1 expression in fibroblasts was increased by co‐culturing with keratinocytes. Furthermore, CTSK expression was increased by UV stress in keratinocytes, resulting in decreased EMILIN‐1 expression.ConclusionUsing our new assessment strategy, we observed that EMILIN‐1 and CTSK are highly linked to changes in the elastic fiber structure with aging. These results indicate that suppressing CTSK expression and increasing EMILIN‐1 expression might be an effective approach to prevent elastic fiber morphological changes that lead to wrinkles and sagging. Furthermore, EMILIN‐1 in the dermis increases due to interaction with the epidermis, which could provide a new target for the therapeutic care of elastic fibers (including preservation of oxytalan fibers) in epidermis–dermis interaction.