bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CAD Optimization of an Ankle Foot Orthosis Using Lattice Structures
Authors: Enache Vlad , Doicin Cristian‐Vasile , Ulmeanu Mihaela‐Elena 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAdditive manufacturing technologies have been extensively used in the development of medical products, mainly due to its’ complex geometry advantages. Orthoses are among the most common medical devices redesigned for additive manufacturing, as patient specific products. Currently, most of these orthoses are thermoformed from plastic. Advantages of custom and topologically optimized orthosis are mentioned by literature. The aim of this paper is to study the possibility of using lattice structures for the design and development of a functional ankle foot orthosis. The mechanical behavior of an ankle foot orthosis is studied, by optimization using lattice structures, for three different materials, to reduce its weight but also to keep its original resistance. The resulted ankle foot orthosis model is loaded with 500 N, to simulate the real‐life value of the force that is applied normally on an actual orthosis. Research results show that the optimum material is PET‐G for both 50% and 100% lattice values.
Low Temperature Laser Sintering with PA12 and PA6 on a Standard System
Authors: Menge Dennis , Schmid Hans‐Joachim 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe laser sintering (LS) process has been a very established additive manufacturing (AM) process for many years. Disadvantages of LS are the low material variety and the thermal damage of the not processed material. The low temperature laser sintering attacks at this point and processes powder material at a build chamber temperature lower than the recrystallization temperature. This drastic reduction in temperature results in significantly less thermal damage to the material. This work deals with the low temperature laser sintering (LTLS) of polyamide 12 (PA12) on a commercial, unmodified laser sintering system to compare it to standardly laser sintered PA12 and to create the basis for low temperature laser sintering of high temperature materials on such a system. Initial results by changing the exposure parameters and by fixing parts on a build platform show a processing of PA12 on an EOS P396 at a build chamber temperature of 80°C instead of standard approx. 175°C, which prevents thermal damage of the material. An extensive study of exposure parameters is carried out and the mechanical properties are considered. Furthermore, a first transfer of the method and the results to PA6 is obtained.
Study about Using of Polymeric Materials for Improving Hand Hygiene Quality for Healthcare Staff
Authors: Dinu Eleonora , Repanovici Angela , Nemet Codruta 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe study aims to evaluate the quality of hand hygiene for different categories of employees in the health system. An analysis of the observance of the correct hand washing steps is performed using the observation method at six hospitals in Brasov, Romania. The results are compared with those obtained using the Semmelweis Scanner device, produced by the Hand in Scan company in Budapest; this is a digital control system. Immediate, objective feedback on the quality of the completion of the hand disinfection technique is obtained. The system requires Ultra Violet ‐UV‐ light. The aspect regarding the presence of polymeric materials like varnish and the nail polish on the nails of the medical staff is followed. The sample consists of 553 volunteers. There are no statistically significant differences between the three categories of healthcare staff when the compliance to the World Health Organization recommendations regarding nail hygiene is concerned (67.24% compliance in physicians compared to 66.10% in nurses and 67.60% in auxiliary staff, respectively). Surprisingly, the presence of gel coated nails is a protection factor with statistically significant p value after objectivation with Semmelweis scanner.
Rehabilitation of Working Platforms for 3d Printing Device on Metal
Authors: Tulică Alexandru Constantin , Drugă Nicolae Corneliu , Şerban Ionel , Roşca Ileana Constanta 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe 3D printing device on metal uses the technological process—selective laser melting, through which dental works with precision and speed can be printed. The dental works are printed on the surface of a metal platform, their attachment being with the help of supports. It is important that this study can rehabilitate the platforms on which the printing is done, by rectification, through several steps, namely: removal of residues (metal supports of dental work), smoothing the work platform with a device that has an abrasive material, washing them under a stream of hot water, so that the grease residues are removed, then keep them in a clean environment.
Manufacturing and Characterization of Interply Hybrid Polymeric Biocomposite Material Reinforced with Glass and Carbon Fibers
Authors: Mihoc Alexandru Bejinaru , Repanovici Angela , Drugă Corneliu , Serban Ionel , Mit Leonard 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study is to investigate the mechanical properties of the polymeric composite hybrid type interply reinforced with glass fibers GF and carbon fibers CF with the structure of the material consisting of: a) three layers CF:GF with the sequence [CF/GF/CF]; b) five layers CF:GF with the sequence: 1) [CF/GF/CF/GF/CF] and 2) [CF/CF/GF/CF/CF]. The GF:CF hybrid biocomposite interply type is made using the working methodology based on the Liquid resin Infusion (LRI) and Vacuum infusion techniques. The general mechanical properties are evaluated experimentally using standard tensile and bending tests using five specimens made according to ASTM standards. Based on the experimental results and the diagrams obtained at the tensile and bending tests of the hybrid polymeric biocomposite type interply comparisons are made regarding the mechanical properties of the composite for each type of structure. The general results confirm, from a mechanical point of view, the usefulness of this type of composite for engineering and biomedical applications.
Characterization of the Properties of the Biocomposite Material 15 mass% HA/PLA
Authors: Mihoc Alexandru Bejinaru , Repanovici Angela , Druga Corneliu , Serban Ionel , Mitu Leonard , Rosca Ileana 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study is to investigate the mechanical properties and visco‐elastic coefficients of the biocomposite material 15 mass% HA/PLA. The biocomposite material is manufactured using known technology: extrusion‐composition followed by injection molding. The general mechanical properties are evaluated experimentally using standard tensile and bending tests using five specimens made according to ASTM standards. The vasco‐elastic behavior is investigated using the DMA AR‐G2 Rheometer. The paper also investigates the microstructure of the mechanically stressed specimen breaking surface. Following the experimental research, a database is obtained in numerical form, diagrams, and fractographic images. The paper presents conclusions regarding the mechanical and dynamic behavior of the biocomposite material 15 mass% HA/PLA. The general results of the study provide practical guidance on the usefulness of biocomposite material 15 mass% HA/PLA for orthopedic biomedical applications.
Numerical Assessment on the Fatigue Behavior of Composite Open‐Hole Tensile Specimens
Authors: Russo Angela , Russo Federica , Palumbo Concetta , Riccio Aniello 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper deals with the fatigue failure of composite coupon characterized by circular hole and subjected to tensile cyclic loading conditions. A limited sensitivity analysis has been performed to study the onset and propagation of intralaminar damages, in terms of fibers and matrix failure. The residual strength material properties degradation model, proposed by Shokrieh and Lessard, has been implemented in the FEM code ANSYS Mechanical and employed to study the damages induced by stress concentrations and assess the effects of the stacking sequence and the geometrical parameters on the fatigue damage.
On the Use of Digital Image Correlation to Assess the Damage Behavior of Composite Coupons Under Compression
Authors: Acanfora Valerio , Russo Angela , Sellitto Andrea , Toscano Cinzia , Alfano Davide , Zarrelli Mauro , Riccio Aniello 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA strong increase in the use of composite materials has been observed in all the industrial fields, related to manufacturing of lightweight load‐bearing components. However, despite the excellent mechanical properties that characterize such innovative materials, uncertainties still exist on their complex failure mechanisms. Hence, the use of non‐destructive techniques and experimental tests is needed to increase the understanding of composite materials damage evolution. This paper deals with the use of the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique to investigate the failure mechanisms of delaminated composite panels under compressive loading conditions, accounting for the complex phenomena related to unstable delamination growth due to buckling snap‐through. The panels have been produced by tuning manufacturing parameters to test their influence on toughening mechanisms such as fiber bridging. The main aim is to understand how to improve laminate out‐of‐plane performance and delay the delamination growth phenomenon. The obtained data in terms of strain and displacements distributions has been used to assess the phenomenon of delamination propagation related to local delamination and global panels’ instabilities.
Modeling and Simulation of Hybrid Polymeric Elastic Adhesive Interface for Transducers
Authors: Ispas Alexandru , Băcioi Eugen , Chivu Oana , Dan Nițoi , Milicescu Stefan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUltrasounds are oscillations in the field of 18 KHz… .100 KHz, which has proven its applicability through many applications starting from the industrial field (ultrasonic defectoscopy, ultrasonic cleaning, etc.) pass through the field of consumer goods (ultrasonic motors, systems operating cameras, high‐precision microscopes, etc.) and reach the medical field such as ultrasound investigations, extremely used today. One of the less known and very new applications at present, but which is trying to make a very important contribution in the field of ecotechnology is the filtration of air by ultrasonic cavitation. In order to achieve air filtration using the phenomenon of ultrasonic cavitation, the ultrasonic system consisting mainly of the ultrasonic transducer must be optimally attached to the lower part of the tank where the air filtration process takes place. In this sense, by modeling and simulation by the finite element method, the thickness of the adhesive layer is determined so that the phenomenon of ultrasonic cavitation to occur efficiently and for a long operating time. Considering the phenomenon of ultrasonic cavitation, the presented research proposes a new method of industrial air filtration in which impurities and inhomogeneities of impure air are germs for the formation of cavitation bubbles so that this phenomenon will lead to their elimination resulting in a higher quality filtered air. The phenomenon of ultrasonic cavitation occurs due to a system of piezoceramic transducers mounted on the bottom of tank. One of the very important problems during the experiments is the fixation of the piezoceramic transducer system on the bottom surface of the tank. This is done with the help of a silicone adhesive that must allow an optimal transfer of the ultrasonic oscillations from the ultrasonic transducer. Thus, determining the thickness of the silicone adhesive layer becomes very important and this is done by performing a modal analysis using the finite element method.
Contributions Regarding Testing and Analysis with Finite Element Method of the Brake Pads Made of Composite Material
Authors: Petriceanu Constantin , Niṭoi Dan , Anania Florea , Chivu Oana , Milicescu Stefan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe automotive industry continues to be one of the most dynamic and innovative. A revolution in propulsion systems that are becoming increasingly complex and must meet a number of extremely stringent environmental pollution requirements is currently witnessed. On the other hand, one of the systems that remains unchanged is the braking system that has been proving its efficiency for a very long time but with gradual continuous improvements. The presented work is based on tests and experiments performed in collaboration with the manufacturer Fermit S.A. which is one of the most experienced and long‐standing actors in the automotive industry in Romania. They produce a wide range of brake pads for the automotive, heavy duty, and railway industries. Starting from the experiments that offer the input data in the modeling and simulation activity, the paper presents the analysis of the behavior of a braking plate produced by Fermit S.A. Based on the geometry provided by the manufacturer, the properties of the composite material that forms the basis of the braking element and the experimental data that are presented, an analysis is made with finite elements in which to study, analyze, and interpret data such as displacements and stress states that occur in the structure formed by the composite material and the metal support plate on which it is deposited.
Intelligent Link between Lean Manufacturing and the Cyber‐Physical Industry 4.0 System
Authors: Ionel R. Dănuţ‐Sorin , Lamanna Giuseppe , Opran Constantin Gheorghe 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe edge of manufacturing automation is considered the Lean Production System, who allows to reduce complexity, optimize resources, and eliminate waste in order to increase efficiency, flexibility, and profitability. By using advanced technologies, the production system and manufacturing processes can achieve an intelligent automation level, called Industry 4.0. Moving to Manufacturing 4.0 level is possible by separating active and passive physical manufacturing resources and creating corresponding cyber‐physical systems. In this way, the intelligent manufacturing system is realized. According to this theory, defining and integration of Lean tools at the cyber physical level opens the way to apply Lean principles and techniques, and to create a dynamic Lean‐Industry 4.0 manufacturing architecture. The main challenge of this paperwork is to propose a solution for upgrading of an Industry 3 molding cell for polymeric products to Lean 4.0 manufacturing system level.
Industrial Applications of Lattice Structures in Components Made with EBM Additive Technology
Authors: Vassallo Francesca , Buono Mario , Franchitti Stefania , Borrelli Rosario , Pirozzi Carmine , Lamanna Giuseppe 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study is to promote the industrial use of “lattice” structures in metal components made with Electron Beam Melting (EBM) technology.The degree of customization and the level of geometric complexity achieved with EBM technology in the production of metal components in the Aerospace and Racing sectors, favors the use of lighter and more performing designs characterized by reticular (or “lattice”) structures. Starting from the original massive design of the component and taking into account the geometric constraints and load conditions acting on the component, the search for the new design takes place in a software environment through the topological optimization process. At the end of the process, the optimized design is created by replacing the solid parts with a unit cell that is repeated periodically. From the comparison between the component with original layout, built using the standard Melt theme of EBM technology, and the equivalent component with optimized layout, created with the Net theme of the same technology, the advantage of using reticular structures to lighten the components and the possibility offered by EBM technology to practically implement these structures are highlighted.The search for lighter and more performing designs for metal components promotes the use of “lattice” structures, which can be created by exploiting the potential of Additive Manufacturing technologies.The possibility of creating very complex geometries makes EBM technology perfect for sectors where particular characteristics are required in the components produced, such as the Aerospace and the Racing sector. The existence of the Net theme also ensures that it is possible to print reticular structures with EBM technology, that allow to reduce the weight of the components and, at the same time, improve performance.
The “Hot Cross Bun Sign” in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Types 2 and 7–Case Reports and Review of Literature
Authors: Naidoo Ansuya Kasavelu , Wells Cait‐Lynn Deanne , Rugbeer Yashvir , Naidoo Neil 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe “hot cross bun” sign is a cruciform hyperintensityisseen on T2 weighted imaging within the pons. The sign is considered to be pathognomic for Multiple system atrophy type C. The clinical and radiological features of Multiple system atrophy type C overlap with the autosomal dominant inherited ataxias. We present a case series of 3 African patients with genetically proven Spinocerebellar Ataxia presenting with the Hot cross bun sign and a scoping review of similar studies.CasesWe described the phenotypic and radiological presentation of genetically confirmed SCA‐2 in two, and SCA‐7 in one patient, with the “hot cross bun” sign.Literature ReviewWe performed a scoping review on the Hot Cross Bun Sign.A total of 66 articles were retrieved. We describe the diverse aetiologies of the sign and associated phenotypic and radiological features. We review the Spinocerebellar Ataxias described with a Hot cross bun sign and make comparisons to Multiple System Atrophy Type C [Ref. 1,2].ConclusionsTo our knowledge this is the first description of an African cohort presenting with the Hot Cross Bun Sign. We expand the differential diagnosis of the Hot Cross Bun Sign.
Fine Particulate Matter Triggers α‐Synuclein Fibrillization and Parkinson‐like Neurodegeneration
Authors: Yuan Xin , Yang Yingxu , Liu Chaoyang , Tian Ye , Xia Danhao , Liu Zehua , Pan Lina , Xiong Min , Xiong Jing , Meng Lanxia , Zhang Zhaohui , Ye Keqiang , Jiang Haiqiang , Zhang Zhentao 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe deposition of α‐synuclein (α‐Syn) in the brain is the pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). Epidemiological data indicate that exposure to fine particulate matter (≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter [PM2.5]) is associated with an increased risk for PD.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to investigate whether PM2.5 has a direct effect on α‐Syn pathology and how it drives the risk for PD.MethodsPM2.5 was added into α‐Syn monomers and different cell models to test whether PM2.5 can promote the fibrillization and aggregation of α‐Syn. α‐Syn A53T transgenic mice and α‐Syn knockout mice were used to investigate the effects of PM2.5 on PD‐like pathology.ResultsPM2.5 triggers the fibrillization of α‐Syn and promotes the formation of α‐Syn fibrils with enhanced seeding activity and neurotoxicity. PM2.5 also induces mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Intrastriatal injection or intranasal administration of PM2.5 exacerbates α‐Syn pathology and dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in α‐Syn A53T transgenic mice. The detrimental effect of PM2.5 was attenuated in α‐Syn knockout mice.ConclusionsOur results identify that PM2.5 exposure could promote the α‐Syn pathology, providing mechanistic insights into how PM2.5 increases the risk for PD. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Development of a real‐time in vivo dosimetry tool for electron beam therapy using a flexible thin film solar cell coated with scintillator powder
Authors: Jeong Seonghoon , An Seohyeon , Kwon Yong‐Cheol , Pak Sang‐il , Cheon Wonjoong , Shin Dongho , Lim Young Kyung , Jeong Jong Hwi , Kim Haksoo , Lee Se Byeong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeA real‐time solar cell based in vivo dosimetry system (SC‐IVD) was developed using a flexible thin film solar cell and scintillating powder. The present study evaluated the clinical feasibility of the SC‐IVD in electron beam therapy.MethodsA thin film solar cell was coated with 100 mg of scintillating powder using an optical adhesive to enhance the sensitivity of the SC‐IVD. Calibration factors were obtained by dividing the dose, measured at a reference depth for 6–20 MeV electron beam energy, by the signal obtained using the SC‐IVD. Dosimetric characteristics of SC‐IVDs containing variable quantities of scintillating powder (0–500 mg) were evaluated, including energy, dose rate, and beam angle dependencies, as well as dose linearity. To determine the extent to which the SC‐IVD affected the dose to the medium, doses at R90 were compared depending on whether the SC‐IVD was on the surface. Finally, the accuracy of surface doses measured using the SC‐IVD was evaluated by comparison with surface doses measured using a Markus chamber.ResultsCharge measured using the SC‐IVD increased linearly with dose and was within 1% of the average signal according to the dose rate. The signal generated by the SC‐IVD increased as the beam angle increased. The presence of the SC‐IVD on the surface of a phantom resulted in a 0.5%–2.2% reduction in dose at R90 for 6–20 MeV electron beams compared with the bare phantom. Surface doses measured using the SC‐IVD system and Markus chamber differed by less than 5%.ConclusionsThe dosimetric characteristics of the SC‐IVD were evaluated in this study. The results showed that it accurately measured the surface dose without a significant difference of dose in the medium when compared with the Markus chamber. The flexibility of the SC‐IVD allows it to be attached to a patient's skin, enabling real‐time and cost‐effective measurement.
Diagnosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Authors: Allen Jeffrey A. , Lewis Richard A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a chronic immune‐mediated peripheral form of polyneuropathy. No reliable diagnostic biomarkers are available by which to make the diagnosis of CIDP. As a result, diagnosis of the condition can be challenging. Many patients are not recognized early in the disease course, and on the other end of the spectrum both establishing early and accurate diagnosis as well as avoiding misdiagnosis and overtreatment. Identification of the hallmark clinical, electrophysiological, and laboratory features of the disease are critical to facilitate rapid diagnosis, while an understanding of diagnostic pitfalls can help prevent misdiagnosis. Since the original description of CIDP in the 1970s, over 15 sets of diagnostic criteria have been proposed. The criteria published in 2021 by the European Academy of Neurology / Peripheral Nerve Society (EAN/PNS) were developed for use during routine clinical care and are available in the public domain. These criteria provide clinicians with an invaluable resource by which the data collected during the evaluation of the patient with possible CIDP can be interpreted. One point of importance that bridges diagnosis to treatment is objectification of the treatment response. Interpretation of how patients respond to treatment drives both long‐term treatment paradigms and the diagnosis at which these treatments are aimed. Although no approach is perfect, utilization of strength impairment and disability outcomes in clinical practice can help unravel the difficulties in interpreting response to treatment. Just as improvement in these outcomes is considered diagnostically supportive, the absence of objective benefit argues against it and should prompt reconsideration of a CIDP diagnosis.