bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering anisotropic electrodynamics at the graphene/CrSBr interface
Authors: Rizzo Daniel J. , Seewald Eric , Zhao Fangzhou , Cox Jordan , Xie Kaichen , Vitalone Rocco A. , Ruta Francesco L. , Chica Daniel G. , Shao Yinming , Shabani Sara , Telford Evan J. , Strasbourg Matthew C. , Darlington Thomas P. , Xu Suheng , Qiu Siyuan , Devarakonda Aravind , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Zhu Xiaoyang , Schuck P. James , Dean Cory R. , Roy Xavier , Millis Andrew J. , Cao Ting , Rubio Angel , Pasupathy Abhay N. , Basov D. N. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Graphene is a privileged 2D platform for hosting confined light-matter excitations known as surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), as it possesses low intrinsic losses and a high degree of optical confinement. However, the isotropic nature of graphene limits its ability to guide and focus SPPs, making it less suitable than anisotropic elliptical and hyperbolic materials for polaritonic lensing and canalization. Here, we present graphene/CrSBr as an engineered 2D interface that hosts highly anisotropic SPP propagation across mid-infrared and terahertz energies. Using scanning tunneling microscopy, scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy, and first-principles calculations, we demonstrate mutual doping in excess of 1013 cm–2 holes/electrons between the interfacial layers of graphene/CrSBr. SPPs in graphene activated by charge transfer interact with charge-induced electronic anisotropy in the interfacial doped CrSBr, leading to preferential SPP propagation along the quasi-1D chains that compose each CrSBr layer. This multifaceted proximity effect both creates SPPs and endows them with anisotropic propagation lengths that differ by an order-of-magnitude between the in-plane crystallographic axes of CrSBr.
A global dataset of fossil fungi records from the Cenozoic
Authors: Hodgson Emily , McCoy Jessica , Webber Kerry , Nuñez Otaño Noelia , O’Keefe Jennifer , Pound Matthew 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
There is a substantial geologic record of microfossils belonging to the fungal kingdom, however there is a need for a curation of these fossil fungi records which is up-to-date, convenient, and manipulable. Here we present MyCeno (Mycology of the Cenozoic) 2.0: a dataset containing more than 3,000 records of fossil fungi from the Cenozoic era (66 million years ago to present) and from more than 200 locations around the world. These records represent a variety of fungal body parts, but most frequently fungal spores and spore-bearing structures. Detailed information about the locations, age estimations, geology, nomenclature, and taxonomy has been collected for every record. This dataset is an access point for people wanting to utilise fossil fungal records from the Cenozoic. It can be used for understanding fungal evolution, reconstructing past environments, and studying the impacts of climate change on biodiversity during the Cenozoic.
Time-dependent RNA transcriptional profiling of abomasal mucosa in cattle infected with Ostertagia ostertagi
Authors: Boschiero Clarissa , Beshah Ethiopia , Bakshi Mariam , Thompson Peter , Zhu Xiaoping , Liu George E. , Tuo Wenbin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this study, we infected Holstein calves with Ostertagia ostertagi stage 3 larvae (L3) and determined gene expression profiles of abomasal fundic and pyloric mucosa by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) at 3–5, 7–9, 10, and 21 days post-infection (dpi), which represent late L3 and early L4 (between 3–5 dpi), mid to late L4 (between 7–9 and 10 dpi) and adult stages (21 dpi) of the parasitic stage. Bioinformatics analyses were performed to profile the transcriptomic changes over time as well as between cattle abomasal tissues. The results will help understand the gastric responses of the host, especially the immune responses, at different phases of early nematode infection. Such an undertaking is crucial for an in-depth comprehension of host responses, where immunologic reagents for cattle are highly limited. The RNA-seq datasets generated in this study provide a vital data resource, allowing for future comparative analyses to similar data resources or using more advanced analytical technologies in mechanisms of host-parasite interactions.
Retrospective detection and whole genome sequencing identify the first local case of Pigeon Rotavirus A infection in Taiwan from 2018
Authors: Silva Benji Brayan Ilagan , Urzo Michael Louie R. , Montecillo Andrew D. , Encabo Jaymee R. , Chuang Jen-Pin , Chuang Kuo-Pin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In 2018, pigeon Rotavirus A G18P[17] was identified in Australia as the causative agent of a disease outbreak presenting as vomiting and diarrhea, reminiscent of the young pigeon disease syndrome. This virus has subsequently been detected in several other countries, including Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Poland, and the United States. This study was conducted to determine the presence of pigeon Rotavirus A among archived samples collected in Taiwan, and to subsequently characterize the whole genome of a local isolate. Two hundred twenty-five pigeon liver samples collected from 2018 to 2023 were tested for the presence of pigeon rotavirus A RNA using PCR. A sample from 2018 tested positive, and the successful rescue of infective virions was achieved. The first coding-complete genome of this virus from Taiwan was successfully sequenced, revealing that isolate NPUST-001 belongs to genotype G18P[17]-I4-R4-C4-M4-A4-T4-N4-E19-H4. To date, this is the earliest known rotavirus A isolate with this exact genotype constellation recovered from a domestic pigeon sample in the Asian region. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP6 segment showed that isolate NPUST-001 belongs to a distinct lineage of pigeon Rotavirus A which comprises of several other strains reported from mainland China and the USA. Although no recent cases were detected, active surveillance for rotaviral infection among suspected cases is recommended to gather more information on the epidemiology of this virus locally.
Low-frequency tremor-like episodes before the 2023 MW 7.8 Türkiye earthquake linked to cement quarrying
Authors: Zali Zahra , Martínez-Garzón Patricia , Kwiatek Grzegorz , Núñez-Jara Sebastián , Beroza Gregory C. , Cotton Fabrice , Bohnhoff Marco 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Recent advances in artificial intelligence have enhanced the detection and identification of transient low-amplitude signals across the entire frequency spectrum, shedding light on deformation processes preceding natural hazards. This study investigates low-frequency, low-amplitude signals preceding the 2023 MW 7.8 Kahramanmaraş earthquake in Türkiye. Using a deep neural network, we extract key features from the spectrograms of continuous seismic signals and employ unsupervised clustering to reveal distinct transient patterns. We identify an increased occurrence of low-frequency tremor-like signals during the six months preceding the mainshock. However, the location of these signals suggests that their origin is not tectonic, but rather related to anthropogenic activities at cement plants along the Narlı Fault, where the MW 7.8 mainshock nucleated. Such findings highlight the importance of understanding the origin of patterns detected by machine-learning methods and the large variety of seismic signals due to anthropogenic activities. Furthermore, the search for the origin of the tremor-like signals motivated an investigation into the local seismicity around the Narlı Fault. The resulting extended seismicity catalog suggests that seismicity in this area arises from a combination of tectonic and anthropogenic processes.
Modelling the effects of climate change on the interaction between bacteria and phages with a temperature-dependent lifecycle switch
Authors: Morozov Andrew , Ageel Areej , Bates Anna , Galyov Edouard 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Ongoing climate change and human activities alter the population dynamics of pathogenic bacteria in natural environments, increasing the risk of disease transmission. Among the key mechanisms of amplification of bacteria in the environment is the alteration of the natural control by their enemies, bacteriophages. Using mathematical modelling, we explore how climate change and implementation of certain agricultural practices affect interactions of bacteria with phage exhibiting condition-dependent lysogeny, where the type of phage infection lifecycle is determined by the ambient temperature. As a case study, we model alteration to the control of the pathogenic bacteria Burkholderia pseudomallei by its dominant phage. B. pseudomallei causes melioidosis, which is among the deadliest infections in Southeast Asia and across the tropics. We use historical records for UV radiation and temperature in Thailand covering the period 2009–2023 to assess the density of the phage-free pathogen, capable of causing infection. We also predict phage-pathogen dynamics for the period 2024–2044. We apply both non-spatial and spatial models to mimic B. pseudomallei population dynamics in the surface water of rice fields and in soil. Our models predict a drastic increase in pathogen density due to less efficient control by the phage which is caused by global warming. We also find that some of the current agricultural practices would enhance the risk of acquisition of melioidosis by altering densities of the pathogen in the environment.
Gully erosion is a serious obstacle in India’s land degradation neutrality mission
Authors: Majhi Anindya , Bhattacharjee Pritha , Harris Angela , Evans Martin , Shuttleworth Emma 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
India is famous for her badlands. These vast, intensely degraded landscapes occur extensively across Central and Western India, wherein they have had several adverse effects on both environment and society. However, accurate information on their current spatial extents, as well as the spatial distribution and severity of gully erosion elsewhere in the country was hitherto lacking. Considering that India has planned to effectively halt land degradation by 2030 in line with the agenda of the United Nations, and as precise spatial data is indispensable in planning and implementing land management interventions, we have created an exhaustive spatial inventory of gully erosion features in India by recording their location, extents and current management status from high-resolution satellite imagery available on Google Earth Pro. Through this first of its kind mapping endeavour and attendant spatial analysis, we have recorded the presence of gully landforms in 19 of India’s 28 states and the National Capital Region of Delhi and have estimated the total gullied area in the country between 7,451 and 8,157 km2. According to our results, states occupying 38% of Indian territory (viz., Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Gujarat and Chhattisgarh) are affected by 92% of the total gullied area of the country. We have noted a clear east-west divide in terms of the relative dominance of the mapped gully erosion features, with badlands being common in Western India and gully systems being the dominant gully feature in the east. A similar observation has interestingly also been made as regards gully management, with the major proportion of unmanaged gully erosion features occurring in Eastern India. Ultimately, we have identified 77 districts across India where urgent rehabilitative intervention is required, more than 70% of which are in Eastern and Southern India where unmanaged (active) gullies are common. That contemporary gully erosion in Eastern India poses a more serious land management challenge than that of the vast badlands of Central and Western India is a truly unexpected finding of our analysis. Our mapped data and analytical results shall be integral to efforts aiming to ameliorate the land degradation caused by gully erosion across India by supporting policymaking and planning at the governmental level and serving as useful guidance for land managers and practitioners on the ground.
Evolution and vulnerability analysis of global photovoltaic industry chain trade pattern
Authors: Ding Chao , Ren Xiaobei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
As global energy demand increases, photovoltaic power generation has become the solution to the energy conundrum. Based on global photovoltaic product trade data from 2000 to 2023, this paper examines the development of photovoltaic industry chain trade pattern and impact of PageRank centrality top 10% node failures on network vulnerability. It accomplishes this by employing hypothetical assault strategies and intricate networks. Research has shown that: ① The trade pattern of PV industry chain has undergone profound changes. The trend of multipolarization is becoming more and more obvious. China’s position in each link of the industry chain is increasingly prominent. ② The vulnerability of the PV industry chain network shows a weakening trend. The vulnerability of upstream and midstream networks is more stable. The destruction resistance of the downstream network has been improved. Fluctuation of the node impact on the network structure has weakened. ③ There is a distinct gradient of susceptibility in PV industrial chain. The vulnerability of the downstream is relatively low, followed by the midstream. The vulnerability of the upstream is relatively high.
Social support in a large general population sample over the course of six years
Authors: Hinz Andreas , Esser Peter , Richter Diana , Schönfelder Antje , Glaesmer Heide , Lehmann-Laue Antje , Heyne Svenja , Leuteritz Katja , Sender Annekathrin , Springer Franziska , Götze Heide , Mehnert-Theuerkauf Anja 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Social support is an important resource that is assumed to buffer the effect of stressful events on health. The aims of this study were to test psychometric properties of the ENRICHD Social Support Instrument (ESSI), to investigate the impact of several sociodemographic and behavioral variables on social support, and to analyze changes in social support over a 6-year period. A sample of 9,681 people from the general population was examined at baseline, 4,987 of whom were surveyed at a follow-up examination six years later using the ESSI and several other questionnaires. The psychometric properties of the ESSI were good (Cronbach’s α = 0.91) and measurement invariance across gender and age could be established. High socioeconomic status, sharing a household with others, and employment resulted in high levels of social support. Tobacco smokers and alcohol drinkers reported having less social support than nonsmokers and non-drinkers. During the 6-year period, the mean level of social support remained nearly unchanged (d = 0.01). The data provide a framework for the interpretation and comparison of social support with other clinical and nonclinical populations. Public health initiatives should aim to prevent social isolation to improve public health.
Synthesis of graphitic biocarbons from lignin fostered by concentrated solar energy
Authors: Rigollet Salomé , Béguerie Théotime , Weiss-Hortala Elsa , Flamant Gilles , Nzihou Ange 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The approach aiming at replacing fossil-based carbons by graphitic biocarbon has gained momentum in applications from environmental remediation to battery electrodes and supercapacitors, reducing their environmental impact. To address biocarbon high production temperature and energy consumption, this work uses lignin, a renewable feedstock, and concentrated solar as a sustainable energy source. New insights into lignin’s graphitization mechanism using solar energy are provided. Graphene layers stacking appears as early as 1000 °C in solar carbonization. The structuration and reduction of amorphous carbon was further highlighted at 1400 °C and 1800 °C. At 2000 °C, high graphitic (L

a(XRD)
≈ 9.1 nm, d
002 = 0.3386 nm, 110 stacked layers) and turbostratic (d
002 = 0.3593 nm, 5.5 stacked layers) phases are obtained, showing the structural heterogeneity of solar biocarbon. Contrariwise, conventional biocarbon from electrical heating was homogeneous with limited carbonization at 1800 °C (L

a(XRD)
≈ 3.8 nm, d
002 = 0.3600 nm, 4.4 stacked layers). Textural analysis of solar biocarbons showed aligned graphene layers whereas only random texture was observed on conventional samples. This work established that solar carbonization triggers and enhances graphene layers stacking and growth at lower temperatures whereas conventional carbonization allows the progressive apparition of short graphene layers before stacking and growth.
Flash optimization of drug combinations for Acinetobacter baumannii with IDentif.AI-AMR
Authors: You Kui , Binte Mohamed Yazid Nurhidayah , Chong Li Ming , Hooi Lissa , Wang Peter , Zhuang Isaiah , Chua Stephen , Lim Ethan , Kok Alrick Zi Xin , Marimuthu Kalisvar , Vasoo Shawn , Ng Oon Tek , Chan Conrad E. Z. , Chow Edward Kai-Hua , Ho Dean 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an emerging threat to global public health. Specifically, Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii), one of the main pathogens driving the rise of nosocomial infections, is a Gram-negative bacillus that displays intrinsic resistance mechanisms and can also develop resistance by acquiring AMR genes from other bacteria. More importantly, it is resistant to nearly 90% of standard of care (SOC) antimicrobial treatments, resulting in unsatisfactory clinical outcomes and a high infection-associated mortality rate of over 30%. Currently, there is a growing challenge to sustainably develop novel antimicrobials in this ever-expanding arms race against AMR. Therefore, a sustainable workflow that properly manages healthcare resources to ultra-rapidly design optimal drug combinations for effective treatment is needed. In this study, the IDentif.AI-AMR platform was harnessed to pinpoint effective regimens against four A. baumannii clinical isolates from a pool of nine US FDA-approved drugs. Notably, IDentif.AI-pinpointed ampicillin-sulbactam/cefiderocol and cefiderocol/polymyxin B/rifampicin combinations were able to achieve 93.89 ± 5.95% and 92.23 ± 11.89% inhibition against the bacteria, respectively, and they may diversify the reservoir of treatment options for the indication. In addition, polymyxin B in combination with rifampicin exhibited broadly applicable efficacy and strong synergy across all tested clinical isolates, representing a potential treatment strategy for A. baumannii. IDentif.AI-pinpointed combinations may potentially serve as alternative treatment strategies for A. baumannii.
Reversal of metformin’s anti-proliferative effect in fission yeast efr3 and dnm1 (DRP1) mutants with elongated mitochondria
Authors: Gillespie Ari , Mehdorn Anne-Sophie , Lim Tiffany Q. , Wang Tingting , Mooney Bridget A. , Ovens Ashley J. , Orang Ayla , Oakhill Jonathan S. , Michael Michael Z. , Petersen Janni 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Metformin is a well-tolerated drug frequently prescribed for managing type 2 diabetes. Extended metformin use has been linked to a significant decrease in cancer incidence across both diabetic and non-diabetic populations. Here we investigate the anti-proliferative effects of metformin on fission yeast S. pombe. Our findings demonstrate that metformin’s inhibitory impact on cell proliferation is effective in the absence of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Using an unbiased genetic screen we identified the plasma membrane signalling scaffold Efr3, critical for phosphatidylinositol signalling and the generation of PI4Ps, as a key determinant of resistance to the anti-proliferative effect of metformin. Deletion of efr3 resulted in both AMPK-dependent and AMPK-independent resistance to metformin. We show that Efr3 does not influence cell proliferation by controlling Ras1 activity or its cellular localization in yeast. We observe that dnm1 (DRP1) mutants with elongated mitochondria are also resistant to the anti-proliferative effect of metformin and that metformin treatment promotes mitochondrial fusion. Metabolic measurements after prolonged metformin exposure demonstrated a reduction in respiration in both wild type and the efr3 deletion, however, that reduction is less pronounced in the efr3 deletion, which also contained elongated mitochondria. It is likely that mitochondrial fusion enhances yeast fitness in response to metformin exposure. Together we provide a new perspective on the cellular response to metformin.
Error‐Based Virtual Compound Axis With Backstepping Control for Electro‐Optical Tracking System
Authors: Li Zhijun , Li Jiachen , Deng Jiuqiang , Mao Yao 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn this paper, an innovative error‐based virtual composite‐axis disturbance rejection backstepping control strategy is proposed for electro‐optical tracking systems. Tracking accuracy cannot be improved by conventional composite axis structures where target position, velocity and acceleration are unknown and immeasurable. Our proposed method, however, operates without the need for target trajectory input signals or additional sensors. It solely relies on error information to adeptly simulate the compound axis system's functionality. Notably, its error suppression characteristics amalgamate dual‐axis suppression features, substantially augmenting tracking performance. Moreover, to further optimize trajectory tracking and counteract the disturbances and uncertainties within the virtual composite axis, a backstepping control strategy is integrated with disturbance rejection. Remarkably, this approach achieves a 31.89% leap in tracking accuracy and a 73.87% boost in disturbance rejection performance. The effectiveness and superiority of the method have been thoroughly corroborated via simulations and experiments.
Mean field type control problems, some Hilbert-space-valued FBSDEs, and related equations
Authors: Bensoussan Alain , Man TAI Ho , Chi Phillip Yam Sheung 
Published: February 2025

In this article, we provide a global-in-time analysis of mean field type control problems on Rn with generic cost functions allowing quadratic growth by a novel ``lifting'' approach which is not the same as the traditional lifting. We resolve the control problem in a subspace of L2 random variables, it can be regarded as a tangent space attached at the initial probability measure. The problem is linked to the global solvability of the Hilbert-space-valued forward-backward stochastic differential equation (FBSDE). We rely on the Jacobian flow of the solution to this FBSDE to establish the regularity of the value function, including its linearly functional differentiability, which leads to the classical well-posedness of the Bellman and master equations. Our current approach imposes structural conditions on cost functions. The contributions of adopting this framework are twofold: (i) compared with imposing conditions on Hamiltonian, the structural conditions imposed in this work are less demanding on the cost functions while solving the master equation; and (ii) when the cost functions are not convex in the state variable or there is lack of monotonicity of cost functions, an accurate lifespan can be provided for the local existence, which may not be that small in many cases.