bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Solar Green-Line Corona for Solar Cycles 18 – 24
Authors: Takalo Jouni 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe homogeneous coronal data set (HCDS) of the green corona (Fe xiv) and the coronal index of solar activity (CI) have been used to study the time–latitudinal distribution in Solar Cycles 18 – 24 and compared with similar distribution of sunspots, the magnetic fields, and the solar 10.7 cm radio flux. The most important results are: i) the distribution of coronal intensities related to the cycle maximum are different for individual cycles, ii) the poleward migration of the HCDS from mid-latitudes in each cycle exists, even in the extremely weak Cycle 24, and the same is valid for the equatorward migration, iii) the overall values of HCDS are slightly stronger for the northern hemisphere than for the southern one, iv) the distribution of the HDCS is in coincidence with the strongest photospheric magnetic fields ($B>$
B
>
50 Gauss) and histograms of the sunspot groups, v) the Gnevyshev gap was confirmed with at least 95% confidence in the CI, however with different behavior for odd and even cycles. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the first and second components account for 87.7% and 7.3% of the total variation of the CI. Furthermore, the second PCA component of the green corona was quite different for Cycle 21, compared with other cycles.
Teachers’ dysfunctional feedback to students from immigrant and non-immigrant backgrounds: A pilot study
Authors: Zeeb Helene , Hunecke Johannes , Voss Thamar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTeachers often provide more positive feedback to ethnic minority students than to ethnic majority students in order to compensate for potential discrimination. However, even feedback that sounds positive can have unwanted effects on the students, such as reinforcing negative beliefs and reducing motivation. In this experimental pilot study, we investigated whether teachers were more likely to convey such dysfunctional feedback to students from immigrant backgrounds than to students from non-immigrant backgrounds. Teachers (N = 186) read descriptions of classroom situations and indicated the feedback they would provide to the fictive students. The students’ names implied either an immigrant background associated with low competence stereotypes or no immigrant background. For the most part, feedback did not differ according to immigrant status. Yet, there were some situation-specific differences: When immigrant students failed despite effort, teachers used a simpler language in their feedback. In one of two scenarios describing students who succeeded easily without effort, teachers were more likely to provide dysfunctional ability feedback, dysfunctional effort feedback, and inflated praise to a student from an immigrant background than to a student from a non-immigrant background. A subsequent expert survey (N = 12) was conducted to evaluate the scenario-based feedback test. In sum, the study contributes to the field by providing first signs that students from immigrant backgrounds might be at risk of receiving not only more positive but actually more dysfunctional feedback. Furthermore, the study presents a practice-oriented, standardized, and economic instrument to assess teachers’ dysfunctional feedback, which may be used in future research.
On unique recovery of finite-valued integer signals and admissible lattices of sparse hypercubes
Authors: Alasmari Abdullah , Aliev Iskander 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe paper considers the problem of unique recovery of sparse finite-valued integer signals using a single linear integer measurement. For l-sparse signals in $${\mathbb {Z}}^n$$

Z

n

, $$2l<n$$

2
l
<
n

, with absolute entries bounded by r, we construct an $$1\times n$$

1
×
n

measurement matrix with maximum absolute entry $$\Delta =O(r^{2l-1})$$

Δ
=
O
(

r

2
l
-
1

)

. Here the implicit constant depends on l and n and the exponent $$2l-1$$

2
l
-
1

is optimal. Additionally, we show that, in the above setting, a single measurement can be replaced by several measurements with absolute entries sub-linear in $$\Delta$$
Δ
. The proofs make use of results on admissible $$(n-1)$$

(
n
-
1
)

-dimensional integer lattices for m-sparse n-cubes that are of independent interest.
Visual assessment of pancreatic fat deposition: useful grading system and the relation to BMI and diabetes
Authors: Ookura Ryusuke , Usuki Noriaki 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To establish a simple and clinically useful method for the visual assessment of pancreatic fat deposition using computed tomography (CT) images, and to evaluate the relationship of the pancreatic fat deposition with body mass index (BMI) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Materials and methods
We used a four-scale grading system as the visual assessment criteria for pancreatic fat deposition using CT images. Pancreatic fat deposition was assessed for 200 patients and the results were compared with the CT attenuation-based assessment. In addition, the relationships of pancreatic fat deposition with BMI and type 2 DM were investigated.

Results
The visual and CT attenuation-based assessments were considered consistent. The results of the visual assessment suggested that mild and moderate pancreatic fat deposition correlated with BMI and presence of type 2 DM while severe fat deposition did not correlate with them. No correlation between pancreatic fat deposition and HbA1c level was found.

Conclusion
The visual assessment criteria we used were consistent with CT attenuation-based assessment and may be useful for clinical application of pancreatic fat deposition. According to the visually assessment, mild or moderate pancreatic fat deposition correlated with BMI and the presence of type 2 DM, but severe fat deposition did not correlate with them.
Reciprocal regulation of CIP2A and AR expression in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Chuang Hao-Wen , Pan Jian-Hua , Cai Yi-Xuan , Rupa Darius , Huang Ting-Syuan , Kuo Tzu-Chien , Lin Chiao-Wen , Chen Chi-Wei , Lin Chia-Chin , Lee Herng-Sheng , Yuan Ta-Chun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) is an oncoprotein overexpressed in human malignancies, including prostate cancer (PCa). In this study, we aimed to explore the oncogenic function of CIP2A in PCa cells and its underlying mechanism. We showed that 63.3% (38/60 cases) of PCa tissues exhibited a high CIP2A immunostaining, compared to 25% (3/12 cases) of BPH samples (p = 0.023). Furthermore, the protein level of CIP2A was positively correlated with patients’ short survival time and nuclear AR levels in PCa tissues. Compared to PZ-HPV-7, an immortalized prostate cell line, androgen-sensitive LNCaP C-33, androgen-independent LNCaP C-81, or 22Rv1 cells exhibited a high CIP2A level, associated with high protein and phosphorylation levels of AR. While AR expression and activity modulated CIP2A expression, manipulating CIP2A expression in PCa cells regulated their AR protein levels and proliferation. The reduction of CIP2A expression also enhanced the sensitivity of PCa cells toward Enzalutamide treatment. Our data further showed that depletion of polo-kinase 1 (PLK1) expression or activity in C-81 or 22Rv1 cells caused reduced protein levels of c-Myc and AR. Notably, inhibition of PLK1 activity could abolish CIP2A-promoted expressions in c-Myc, AR, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in C-33 cells under an androgen-deprived condition, suggesting the role of PLK1 activity in CIP2A-promoted AR expression. In summary, our data showed the existence of a novel regulation between CIP2A and AR protein levels, which is critical for promoting PCa malignancy. Thus, CIP2A could serve as a therapeutic target for PCa.
Protect peanut kernels from Aspergillus spp and their mycotoxins during storage by aqueous extract of carob pulp
Authors: El-Desouky Tarek A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecently, the trend of many studies to replace synthetic antifungal commonly used during storage with natural antifungal; Plant extracts has been one of the most promising strategies for this purpose. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the aqueous extract of the carob pulp (AECP) at 1.5, 2.5, and 5 mg/ml on the growth of some toxigenic Aspergillus species, and its effectiveness as an anti-mycotoxigenic (aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxin A (OTA) during storage red peanut kernels (RPKs) for 90 days. The results indicate that the increased concentration of AECP, the area of inhibition zone increased with all treatments. As well, the strain of Aspergillus ochraceus was more affected by AECP than Aspergillus aflatoxiformans followed by Aspergillus parasiticus which recorded (15.7 ± 0.4 mm), (13.4 ± 0.5 mm), and (11.9 ± 0.4 mm) at 5 mg/ml. Respectively. While, the lowest inhibition was shown with Aspergillus flavus at three concentrations of AECP. The impact of AECP on the accumulation of total AFs and OTA during storage of RPKs infected by A. parasiticus and A. ochraceus, respectively, for 90 days. The results showed that the active compounds in the AECP at 5 mg/ml can protect RPKs for 45 days without detecting any amounts of AFs and OTA. After 90 days, the inhibition percentages for the four types of aflatoxins (AFB1, AFG1, AFB2, AFG2) and OTA compared with positive control samples were 85.1, 76.5, 86.5, 84.2, and 87.5%, respectively. Finally, AFB1 recorded the lowest inhibition percentages of all treatments; on the contrary, it was OTA.
Critical cluster cascades
Authors: Kirchner Matthias 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe consider a sequence of Poisson cluster point processes on
$\mathbb{R}^d$
: at step
$n\in\mathbb{N}_0$
of the construction, the cluster centers have intensity
$c/(n+1)$
for some
$c>0$
, and each cluster consists of the particles of a branching random walk up to generation n—generated by a point process with mean 1. We show that this ‘critical cluster cascade’ converges weakly, and that either the limit point process equals the void process (extinction), or it has the same intensity c as the critical cluster cascade (persistence). We obtain persistence if and only if the Palm version of the outgrown critical branching random walk is locally almost surely finite. This result allows us to give numerous examples for persistent critical cluster cascades.
New Directions in the European Union’s Regulatory Framework for Corporate Reporting, Due Diligence and Accountability: The Challenge of Complexity
Authors: Villiers Charlotte 
Published: September 2022

AbstractClimate change and the pursuit of sustainability and sustainable business might be regarded as among the world’s “wicked problems”, especially as they are multi-dimensional problems. Achieving corporate accountability in this context is also difficult when corporate structures are complex as they operate globally and through supply chains. At the European level, under the Green Deal, the Sustainable Finance Initiative and the Sustainable Corporate Governance Initiative include new reporting requirements to amend and expand the scope and application of the 2014 Non-Financial Reporting Directive, alongside changes to directors’ duties to ensure they take account of stakeholders’ needs and environmental and human rights due diligence requirements. This paper will argue that these legislative and regulatory efforts are to be welcomed, but the complexity of the regulation threatens to undermine its potential impact. It may therefore be necessary to reduce some of the complexity of the regulatory arrangements. However, some complexity may increase resilience and adaptability for responding to the risks involved in the uncertainty and unpredictability of climate change and in dealing with complex corporate structures. The answer is to provide robust regulation that will prompt the corporate behaviours required to avoid the catastrophic trajectory we currently face.
Cultural evolutionary theory is not enough: Ambiguous culture, neglect of structure, and the absence of theory in behavior genetics
Authors: Burt Callie H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Uchiyama et al. propose a unified model linking cultural evolutionary theory to behavior genetics (BG) to enhance generalizability, enrich explanation, and predict how social factors shape heritability estimates. A consideration of culture evolution is beneficial but insufficient for purpose. I submit that their proposed model is underdeveloped and their emphasis on heritability estimates misguided. I discuss their ambiguous conception of culture, neglect of social structure, and the lack of a general theory in BG.
From the trajectory of heritability to the heritability of trajectories
Authors: Kievit Rogier A. , Logan Jessica A. , Hart Sara A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Although compelling and insightful, the proposal by Uchiyama et al. largely neglects within-person change over time, arguably the central topic of interest within their framework. Longitudinal behavioural genetics modelling suggests that the heritability of trajectories is low, in contrast to high and increasing cross-sectional heritability across development. Better understanding of the mechanisms of trajectories remains a crucial outstanding challenge.
Cultural evolution and behavior genetic modeling: The long view of time
Authors: Markon Kristian E. , Krueger Robert F. , South Susan C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We advocate for an integrative long-term perspective on time, noting that culture changes on timescales amenable to behavioral genetic study with appropriate design and modeling extensions. We note the need for replications of behavioral genetic studies to examine model invariance across long-term timescales, which would afford examination of specified as well as unspecified cultural moderators of behavioral genetic effects.
Cultural dynamics add multiple layers of complexity to behavioural genetics
Authors: Fogarty Laurel , Creanza Nicole 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
As emphasized in early cultural evolutionary theory, understanding heritability of human traits – especially, behavioural traits – is difficult. The target article describes important ways that culture can enhance, or obscure, signatures of heritability in genetic studies. Here, we discuss the utility of calculating heritability for behavioural traits influenced by cultural evolution and point to conceptual and technical complications to consider in future models.
A transactional mediation model of risk for the intergenerational transmission of depression: The role of maternal criticism
Authors: Israel Elana S. , Gibb Brandon E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, we sought to combine two lines of research to better understand risk for the intergenerational transmission of depression. The first focuses on the role of maternal criticism as a potential mechanism of risk for depression in youth while the second builds from interpersonal and stress generation models regarding the potential impact of youth depression on future escalations in maternal criticism. Specifically, we examined the role of maternal criticism within a transactional mediation model using data from a multi-wave study. Participants were 251 mother–offspring pairs consisting of mothers with (n = 129) and without (n = 122) a history of major depressive disorder (MDD) during their child’s lifetime who completed assessments every 6 months for 2 years. We found support for the hypothesized transactional mediational model in which maternal expressed emotion-criticism (EE-Crit) mediated the link between maternal history of MDD and residual change in youth’s depressive symptoms over the previous 6 months and, reciprocally, youth depressive symptoms mediated the relation between maternal MDD history and residual change in EE-Crit 6 months later. These results indicate that maternal criticism and offspring depressive symptoms may contribute to a vicious cycle of depression risk, which should be considered for interventions targeted toward youth at risk of developing MDD.
Catholic intellectuals in modern China and their Bible translation: Li Wenyu and Ma Xiangbo
Authors: Hong Xiaochun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLi Wenyu and Ma Xiangbo were two influential Catholic intellectuals in modern China who each undertook a translation of the Bible into Chinese. This article surveys their participation in contemporary ideological debates and investigates their thoughts on the inculturation of Catholicism, including ‘evangelisation by writing’ and ‘scholastic mission’, as well as their beliefs and practices regarding Bible translation. An in-depth comparison of their translations is also provided, illuminating the different approaches taken by Li and Ma in dealing with terminology, sentence structure, linguistic style, and theological implications. Li conformed to Chinese biblical terminology established by the Catholic missionaries who preceded him and adhered to the syntax of Classical Chinese; in contrast, Ma's linguistic style is approximate to Easy Wenli, and he adopted words and phrases from traditional Chinese culture to transmit the Catholic faith. The two translators demonstrated two choices of indigenising Catholicism and the Bible in China: ‘mirror-type’ and ‘bridge-type’.
Urban–rural disparities in the association between long-term exposure to high altitude and malnutrition among children under 5 years old: evidence from a cross-sectional study in Tibet
Authors: Li Xianzhi , Li Yajie , Xing Xiangyi , Liu Yu , Zhou Zonglei , Liu Shunjin , Tian Yunyun , Nima Qucuo , Yin Li , Yu Bin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjective:To assess urban–rural disparities in the association between long-term exposure to high altitude and malnutrition among children under 5 years old.Design:A three-stage, stratified, cluster sampling was used to randomly select eligible individuals from July to October 2020. The data of participants, including demographic characteristics, altitude of residence, and nutritional status, were collected via questionnaire and physical examination.Setting:Tibet, China.Participants:Children under 5 years old in Tibet.Results:Totally, 1975 children under 5 years old were included in this study. We found that an additional 1000 m increase in altitude was associated with decreased Z-scores of height-for-age (β = –0·23, 95 % CI: –0·38, –0·08), Z-scores of weight-for-age (β = –0·24, 95 % CI: –0·39, –0·10). The OR for stunting and underweight were 2·03 (95 % CI: 1·51 to 2·73) and 2·04 (95 % CI: 1·38 to 3·02) per 1000 m increase in altitude, respectively; and OR increased rapidly at an altitude above 3500 m. The effects of long-term exposure to high altitudes on the prevalence of underweight in rural children were higher than that in urban children (P < 0·05).Conclusions:High-altitude exposure is tightly associated with malnutrition among children under 5 years old. Improving children’s nutrition is urgently needed in areas above 3500 m, especially in rural ones.
Understanding the Influence of Receptive Field and Network Complexity in Neural Network-Guided TEM Image Analysis
Authors: Sytwu Katherine , Groschner Catherine , Scott Mary C 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Trained neural networks are promising tools to analyze the ever-increasing amount of scientific image data, but it is unclear how to best customize these networks for the unique features in transmission electron micrographs. Here, we systematically examine how neural network architecture choices affect how neural networks segment, or pixel-wise separate, crystalline nanoparticles from amorphous background in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. We focus on decoupling the influence of receptive field, or the area of the input image that contributes to the output decision, from network complexity, which dictates the number of trainable parameters. For low-resolution TEM images which rely on amplitude contrast to distinguish nanoparticles from background, we find that the receptive field does not significantly influence segmentation performance. On the other hand, for high-resolution TEM images which rely on both amplitude and phase-contrast changes to identify nanoparticles, receptive field is an important parameter for increased performance, especially in images with minimal amplitude contrast. Rather than depending on atom or nanoparticle size, the ideal receptive field seems to be inversely correlated to the degree of nanoparticle contrast in the image. Our results provide insight and guidance as to how to adapt neural networks for applications with TEM datasets.
Does democracy cause gender equality?
Authors: Andersen Thomas Barnebeck 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDoes democracy cause gender equality? To address this question, I use the unexpected Second Vatican Council (1962–65) as part of a shock-based identification strategy. The Second Vatican Council brought forward in time transitions to democracy that would have happened anyway and triggered transitions to democracy that would not otherwise have occurred. I use this plausibly exogenous variation in democracy to offer a causal estimate. According to my baseline specification, one standard deviation increase in democracy leads to three-fifths of a standard deviation increase in gender equality. I also peruse qualitative evidence to sketch a causal mechanism.
Evaluation of potassium borate as a volatility-reducing agent for dicamba
Authors: Castner Mason C. , Norsworthy Jason K. , Roberts Trenton L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDicamba was labeled in dicamba-resistant cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in 2017, resulting in a record number of off-target complaints. To address off-target movement via volatilization, experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of potassium tetraborate tetrahydrate (KBo) as a volatility-reducing agent (VRA) with dicamba. Low-tunnel experiments examined: (1) whether KBo functions as a dicamba VRA, (2) the relationship between KBo concentration and dicamba volatilization, (3) the effectiveness of KBo compared with potassium acetate as a VRA, and (4) the impact of KBo on dicamba volatilization with and without glufosinate. In a large-scale trial (0.4-ha plots), the effectiveness of KBo in reducing dicamba volatilization was quantified relative to a commercial dicamba application labeled for use in 2020. The addition of KBo to dicamba reduced volatility over dicamba alone and a dicamba plus potassium acetate premix. As KBo concentration increased in the dicamba spray solution, volatilization was exponentially reduced. Dicamba volatilization with the addition of KBo at 0.01 M was comparable to dicamba plus potassium acetate at 0.05 M. Potassium tetraborate tetrahydrate was more effective than potassium acetate at reducing volatility of a dicamba plus glufosinate mixture. In large-scale experiments over a 30-h period, the addition of KBo to a diglycolamine plus glyphosate mixture lowered dicamba volatilization 82% to 89% over the herbicide mixture alone. Overall, the addition of KBo to dicamba appears promising as a VRA compared with what is commercially available.