bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meckel’s Diverticulum, A Rare Presentation in a Neonate
Authors: Honig Jesse , Figueroa Ariel , Castro Rebecca , Lotakis Dimitra , Bamji Mahrukh , Wallack Marc , Cooper Arthur 
Published: March 2022

Meckel’s diverticulum is commonly symptomatic the first 2 years of life. Complications associated with Meckel’s diverticulum are due to gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding or obstruction. A 5-day-old male presented to the emergency department (ED) with an episode of bright red blood per rectum (BRBPR) associated with emesis. Vital signs were normal and abdomen soft and non-distended. Serial abdominal radiographs progressed to show distention of small bowel and air fluid levels. Operative intervention was undertaken with diagnosis of intestinal obstruction. On exploratory laparotomy, 24 cm of a fibrosed, ischemic closed-loop ileal segment densely adherent to the tip of a Meckel’s diverticulum was identified and resected, followed by primary reanastamosis. Histologic findings confirmed ectopic gastric tissue. Symptomatic Meckel’s diverticulum is often secondary to intestinal obstruction and hematochezia, findings which are caused by incarcerated inguinal hernia or ileocolic intussusception. Our patient presented with a closed loop, which has not been previously reported.
Prevalence and Correlates of Illicit Substance Use Among Young Adults Experiencing Homelessness in Seven Cities Across the United States
Authors: Chassman Stephanie , Barman-Adhikari Anamika , Hsu Hsun-Ta , Ferguson Kristin M. , Narendorf Sarah C. , Maria Diane Santa , Shelton Jama , Petering Robin , Bender Kimberly 
Published: March 2022

Background Young adults experiencing homelessness (YAEH) engage in substantially higher substance use rates than housed young adults. This current study builds on previous research by investigating the prevalence of and salient correlates of illicit substance use across a seven-city sample. Methods This study used the Homeless Youth Risk and Resiliency Survey (HYRRS) dataset, n=1426 Young adults experiencing homelessness to study patterns and correlates of illicit substance use. Results Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess correlates of substance use. Study site, age, gender identity, sexual orientation, history of suicidal ideation, use of specific substances, and trading sex for drugs were associated with five types of illicit substance use (ecstasy, cocaine, crack, methamphetamine, and injection drug use). Conclusion Findings indicate that substance use interventions for YAEH must be multifaceted, addressing illicit and multiple substance use, along with the myriad factors associated with substance use among this at-risk group.
Subversive Entrepreneurs: Business Agency and Commodification of Peruvian Higher Education (1992–2012)
Authors: Manky Omar , Dolores Juan 
Published: March 2022

Over the past two decades, the sociology of education has addressed the reproduction of inequalities created by for-profit universities in several countries. Despite their contributions, these analyses do not always consider the role of and strategies employed by educational entrepreneurs in social processes. In contrast with approaches that understand the university business as a mere reflection of neoliberal institutionality and those that celebrate profit as the vital element in the renewal of higher education in Latin America an analysis inspired by the literature on social movements and examination of business strategies, institutions, and negotiations in the commodification of Peruvian higher education provides an account of the transformations in the structure of opportunities, resources, and framing processes developed by entrepreneurs during two moments: 1992–2000 and 2001–2012. En las últimas dos décadas, la sociología de la educación ha abordado la reproducción de las desigualdades generada en varios países por las universidades con fines de lucro. Independientemente de sus aportes, estos análisis no siempre consideran el papel y las estrategias de los emprendedores educativos en los procesos sociales. A diferencia de los enfoques que entienden la empresa universitaria como un mero reflejo de la institucionalidad neoliberal, al igual que aquellos que celebran el lucro como el elemento vital en la renovación de la educación superior en América Latina, un análisis basado en la literatura sobre movimientos sociales de las estrategias empresariales, instituciones, y negociaciones en la mercantilización de la educación superior peruana da cuenta de las transformaciones en la estructura de oportunidades, recursos y procesos delimitantes desarrollados por los empresarios durante dos periodos, 1992–2000 y 2001–2012.
New Schools in New York City: Incremental Changes in Transformative Initiatives in the 21st Century
Authors: Hatch Thomas , Corson Jordan , Van Den Berg Sarah Gerth 
Published: March 2022

Background: After the turn of the 21st century in New York City, mayor Michael Bloomberg launched major initiatives to open new small schools and new charter schools as a central piece of a strategy to transform schooling and produce dramatically better results. Although more than 550 new public schools and charter schools were established in New York City between 2003 and 2015, with some increases in graduation rates, the focus on new schools has subsided, many aspects of schooling remain the same, and significant inequities in performance persist. Purpose/Objective: This article explores the confluence of factors that help to explain how some new practices emerge even as many aspects of what Tyack and Cuban called the “grammar of schooling” endure. Design/Analysis: To achieve this objective, this article undertakes a historical analysis that highlights the intersection among the goals, capacity demands, and values in the new school initiatives, and the needs, existing capabilities, and values of four intermediaries involved in creating new small schools or new charter schools. This analysis looks particularly at the different choices these organizations made about when to connect to and distance themselves from these initiatives (when to “bridge” and “buffer”) and the role those choices played in the extent and nature of their own growth and the evolution of the new schools initiatives. Findings/Conclusion: Even with political support and initiatives that were supposed to provide some freedom to innovate outside conventional constraints, these intermediaries had to find ways to fit within the needs, demands, and values of the school system at that time. At the same time, the intersections in the evolution of these organizations and the wider system also help to explain how they were able to influence the evolution of the policy environment, sustain themselves, and create some new practices, products, and services even as the focus on new school creation subsided.
Comparison and verification of two deep learning models for the detection of chest CT rib fractures
Authors: Hongbiao Sun , Shaochun Xu , Xiang Wang , YuRun Tang , Yang Lu , Mingzi Zhang , Hua Yang , Keyang Zhao , Chi-Cheng Fu , Qu Fang , Pengchen Gu , Yi Xiao , Shiyuan Liu 
Published: March 2022

Background A high false-positive rate remains a technical glitch hindering the broad spectrum of application of deep-learning-based diagnostic tools in routine radiological practice from assisting in diagnosing rib fractures. Purpose To examine the performance of two versions of deep-learning-based software tools in aiding radiologists in diagnosing rib fractures on chest computed tomography (CT) images. Material and Methods In total, 123 patients (708 rib fractures) were included in this retrospective study. Two groups of radiologists with different experience levels retrospectively reviewed images for rib fractures in the concurrent mode aided with RibFrac-High Sensitivity (HS) and RibFrac-High Precision (HP). We compared their diagnostic performance against the reference standard in terms of sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV). Results On a per-patient basis, RibFrac-HS exhibited a higher sensitivity compared with RibFrac-HP (mean difference=0.051, 95% CI=0.012–0.090; P = 0.011), whereas the latter significantly outperformed the former in terms of the PPV (mean difference=0.273, 95% CI=0.238–0.308; P < 0.0001). The use of RibFrac-HP significantly improved the junior and the senior groups’ sensitivities respectively by 0.058 (95% CI=0.033–0.083; P < 0.0001) and 0.058 (95% CI=0.034–0.081; P < 0.0001), and decreased the diagnosis time by 206 s (95% CI=191–220; P < 0.0001) and 79 s (95% CI=67–92; P < 0.0001), respectively, when compared to no software assistance. Conclusion The sensitivity and efficiency of radiologists in identifying rib fractures can be improved by using RibFrac-HS and/or RibFrac-HP. With an added module for false-positive suppression, RibFrac-HP maintains the sensitivity and increases the PPV in fracture detection compared to Rib-Frac-HS.
High riding jugular bulb: prevalence and significance in asymptomatic children
Authors: Aksoy Suleyman Hilmi  , Yurdaisik Isil 
Published: March 2022

Background High riding jugular bulb (HJB) is a vascular abnormality characterized by the higher-than-normal location of the jugular bulb. Purpose To evaluate the frequency of HJB among children who underwent cranial computed tomography (CT) mostly because of head trauma. Material and Methods Patient demographics such as age, sex, indication of cranial CT, diameters of the right and left JB, and presence and laterality of HJB were recorded and analyzed. Patients were grouped as with HJB and without HJB; the variables were compared between these two groups. Patients were also divided into age groups as 0–1 month, 1–12 months, 12–24 months, and >24 months and the findings. The Shapiro–Wilk test, histograms, and Q-Q, Mann–Whitney U-test, Pearson's chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test were used. Results In total, CT images of 194 patients (388 JBs) were evaluated. Overall, 42.8% of children had HJB. Only three children had bilateral HJB. Of all JBs, 22.2% were high riding. Children who did not have HJB were significantly younger compared to children with HJB ( P = 0.029). The median diameter of the HJB was significantly higher in children with HJB compared to children without HJB on both sides ( P < 0.001). Among newborns, none had HJB. In infants, 11 (30.6%) had HJB; 35 (46.7%) and 37 (50.0%) children aged >12–24 months and >24 months had HJB, respectively. Conclusion A jugular bulb could be identified in all age groups, including newborns. The earliest age of HJB detection was eight months. Overall, 42% of the patients had HJB, which increased by age.
Effect of KATP channel blocker glibenclamide on PACAP38-induced headache and hemodynamic
Authors: Kokoti Lili , Al-Karagholi Mohammad Al-Mahdi , Elbahi Fatima Azzahra , Coskun Hande , Ghanizada Hashmat , Amin Faisal Mohammad , Ashina Messoud 
Published: March 2022

Objective To determine whether glibenclamide, a non-selective adenosine 5′-triphosphate-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel blocker, attenuates pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-38 (PACAP38)-induced headache and vascular changes in healthy volunteers. Methods In a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled and crossover design, 22 healthy volunteers were assigned to receive an intravenous infusion of 10 picomole/kg/min pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-38 over 20 minutes followed by oral administration of 10 mg glibenclamide or placebo. The primary endpoint was the difference in incidence of headache (0–12 hours) between glibenclamide and placebo. The secondary endpoints were a difference in area under the curve for headache intensity scores, middle cerebral artery velocity (VmeanMCA), superficial temporal artery diameter, radial artery diameter, heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure and facial skin blood flow between the two study days. Results Twenty participants completed the study. We found no difference in the incidence of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-38-induced headache after glibenclamide (19/20, 95%) compared to placebo (18/20, 90%) ( P = 0.698). The area under the curve for headache intensity, middle cerebral artery velocity, superficial temporal artery diameter, radial artery diameter, facial skin blood flow, heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure did not differ between pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-38-glibenclamide day compared to pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-38-placebo day ( P > 0.05). Conclusions Posttreatment with 5′-triphosphate-sensitive K+ channel inhibitor glibenclamide did not attenuate pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-38-induced headache and hemodynamic changes in healthy volunteers. We suggest that pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-38-triggered signaling pathway could be mediated by specific isoforms of sulfonylurea receptor subunits of 5′-triphosphate-sensitive K+ channels and other types of potassium channels.
The Doom-Loop Redux: The Corporate Bond-Purchase Program and the Political Economy of the Fed’s Pandemic Response
Authors: Vasudevan Ramaa 
Published: March 2022

The Fed’s recent corporate-bond buying program is approached from a political economy perspective, placing it in the context of its interventions during the 2008 crisis, and the broader swathe of facilities launched in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The response in 2008 can be understood in terms of the doom-loop arising from the structural power exercised by finance and the implication of the Fed in the political compulsions of helping preserve this structural power while reinforcing the speculative tendencies of finance. These interventions set the stage for significant changes in the financial landscape as asset-management funds rose in importance and the US corporate sector became more deeply implicated channels of market-based finance dominated by these asset-management funds. The recent interventions of the Fed, understood in the context of the systemic risks arising from these trends, reflect the resurgence and reinforcement of the doom-loop. JEL Classification: E58, G23, G3
Dry eye disease, a prominent manifestation of systemic autoimmune disorders
Authors: Bustamante-Arias Andres , Ruiz Lozano Raul E. , Rodriguez-Garcia Alejandro 
Published: March 2022

Objectives Dry eye disease (DED) is arguably the most frequent ocular disease encountered in ophthalmic clinical practice. DED is frequently an underestimated condition causing a significant impact on visual function and quality of life. Many systemic autoimmune diseases (SAIDs) are related to moderate to severe DED. The main objective of this review is to enhance the awareness among ophthalmologists of the potential association of an underlying SAID in a high-risk patient with DED. Methods An exhaustive literature search was performed in the National Library of Medicine's Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases for all English language articles published until November 2021. The main keywords included “dry eye disease” associated with autoimmune, connective tissue, endocrine, gastrointestinal, hematopoietic, vascular, and pulmonary diseases. Case reports, series, letters to the editor, reviews, and original articles were included. Results Although DED is frequently associated with SAIDs, its diagnosis is commonly delayed or missed, producing significant complications, including corneal ulceration, melting, scleritis, uveitis, and optic neuritis resulting in severe complications detrimental to visual function and quality of life. SAID should be suspected in a woman, 30 to 60 years old with a family history of autoimmunity, presenting with DED symptoms and extraocular manifestations including arthralgias, dry mouth, unexplained weight and hair loss, chronic fatigue, heat or cold intolerance, insomnia, and mood disorders. Conclusions Establishing the correct diagnosis and treatment of DED associated with SAIDs is crucial to avoid its significant burden and severe ocular complications.
Correction of a prominent premaxilla in a juvenile with a bilateral cleft lip and palate using a novel, hybrid function regulator, the FR-BCPPm, followed by preadjusted fixed appliances: A 20-year follow-up
Authors: Chate Robert AC 
Published: March 2022

A seven-year-old boy with a repaired bilateral cleft lip and palate, presented with a severe skeletal II base and an extremely prominent premaxilla. He had grossly incompetent lips with lower lip trapping, an 18.5-mm overjet, a deep overbite, markedly retroclined lower incisors, bilateral crossbites and 12-mm-wide alveolar gaps together with 6-mm vertical steps between the extruded premaxillary incisors and the posterior teeth. Before the eruption of the permanent canines, there was an urgency to approximate the opposing cleft alveolar margins and to level the split maxillary occlusal plane, in order to facilitate the successful insertion and subsequent consolidation of secondary alveolar bone grafts. A new functional appliance was therefore designed to achieve this objective, which drew components from Fränkel’s FR I and FR III function regulators. Together with a couple of novel components, it created a hybrid appliance, namely the function regulator for juveniles with a bilateral cleft and a prominent premaxilla: the FR-BCPPm. The patient was treated with this appliance and a nocturnal headgear at 7–13 years, together with a concomitant quad helix appliance followed by a transpalatal arch and bilateral bone grafts. He was then treated non-extraction up to the age of 17 years with preadjusted fixed appliances to correct his residual, crowded Class II malocclusion. The marked improvement in his occlusion, dentofacial appearance and his perioral function after a decade of treatment was then followed up over 20 years, during which time mild relapse of the incisor overjet and moderate recurrence of the lower anterior misalignment was noted two years after treatment. While no further relapse was observed at the four-year post-treatment review, by 20 years after treatment, a little further misalignment of the lower anterior teeth was noted, half of which was deemed to be attributable to age-related maturation.
Meeting own needs and supporting ability to care: Family caregivers’ and health care professionals’ perspectives on professional support provided through a potential mobile application
Authors: Moberg Cecilia , Grundberg Åke , Konradsen Hanne , Kallström Ana Paula , Leung Angela YM , Kabir Zarina N 
Published: March 2022

Background A majority of persons with dementia in Sweden live in their own homes and are often cared for by family members. Caring for a family member may be a positive experience. It may, however, also be a negative experience as symptoms like disturbing behavior and delusions may be difficult to encounter. The burden of being a family caregiver has been shown to affect the caregivers’ quality of life. Objective To explore stakeholders’ perspectives on a potential mobile application through which family caregivers could be supported by healthcare professionals in caring for a person with dementia living at home. Method Eight individual interviews with family caregivers and a focus group with eight healthcare professionals specialized in dementia care were analyzed using content analysis method. Results The findings suggest that a mobile application can support family caregivers to meet their own needs in terms of finding structure in everyday life, how to get information and support in their own pace, and how to care for themselves. The findings also suggest the necessity of accessing relevant contact networks to be supported in the ability to care for a family member with dementia. Conclusion Healthcare and social services mediated support provided through user-friendly mobile application has the potential to support family caregivers both in taking care of a person with dementia and caring for themselves. Moreover, it is important that the information provided to family caregivers is personalized according to the needs of the family caregivers as the family member’s dementia advances.
Maternal history of childhood maltreatment is associated with diurnal cortisol and DNA methylation of placental 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2
Authors: Bublitz Margaret , Kelsey Karl , Butler Rondi , Bourjeily Ghada 
Published: March 2022

Background Accumulating evidence indicates that maternal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity over pregnancy differs according to maternal history of childhood maltreatment. DNA methylation of the placental 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (BHSD) type 2 enzyme regulates fetal exposure to maternal cortisol, yet the association between maternal history of childhood maltreatment and methylation of placental 11BHSD type 2 has not been previously studied. Methods We examined if maternal cortisol production at 11 and 32 weeks’ gestation (n = 89) and placental methylation of the 11BHSD type 2 gene (n = 19) differed among pregnant women with and without histories of childhood maltreatment. Twenty-nine percent of participants reported a history of childhood maltreatment (physical/sexual abuse). Results Women with histories of childhood maltreatment displayed lower cortisol in early gestation, hypo-methylation of placental 11BHSD type 2, and lower levels of cord blood cortisol. Conclusion Preliminary results suggest alterations in cortisol regulation over pregnancy according to maternal history of childhood maltreatment.
Major adverse cardiovascular events following partial nephrectomy: a procedure-specific risk index
Authors: Nasrallah Ali A. , Dakik Habib A. , Abou Heidar Nassib F. , Najdi Jad A. , Nasrallah Oussama G. , Mansour Mazen , Tamim Hani , Hajj Albert El 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Partial nephrectomy (PN) is associated with a non-negligible risk of postoperative cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Identification of high-risk patients may enable optimization of perioperative management and consideration of alternative approaches. The authors aim to develop a procedure-specific cardiovascular risk index for PN patients and compare its performance to the widely used revised cardiac risk index (RCRI) and AUB-HAS2 cardiovascular risk index. Methods: The cohort was derived from the American College of Surgeons – National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database. The primary outcome was the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as 30-day postoperative incidence of myocardial infarction, stroke, or mortality. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed; performance and calibration were evaluated using an ROC analysis and the Hosmer–Lemeshow test and compared to the RCRI and the AUB-HAS2 index. Results: In a cohort of 4795 patients, MACE occurred in 52 (1.1%) patients. A univariate analysis yielded 13 eligible variables for entry into the multivariate model. The final PN-A4CH model utilized six variables: Age ⩾75 years, ASA class >2, Anemia, surgical Approach, Creatinine >1.5, and history of Heart disease. Index ROC analysis provided a C-statistic of 0.81, calibration R2 was 0.99, and sensitivity was 85%. In comparison, the RCRI and AUB-HAS2 C-statistics were 0.59 and 0.68, respectively. Conclusion: This study proposes a novel procedure-specific cardiovascular risk index. The PN-A4CH index demonstrated good predictive ability and excellent calibration using a large national database and may enable further individualization of patient care and optimization of patient selection.