bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Garden of Eden and weakly periodic points for certain expansive actions of groups
Authors: DOUCHA MICHAL 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe present several applications of the weak specification property and certain topological Markov properties, recently introduced by Barbieri, García-Ramos, and Li [Markovian properties of continuous group actions: algebraic actions, entropy and the homoclinic group. Adv. Math.397 (2022), 52], and implied by the pseudo-orbit tracing property, for general expansive group actions on compact spaces. First we show that any expansive action of a countable amenable group on a compact metrizable space satisfying the weak specification and strong topological Markov properties satisfies the Moore property, that is, every surjective endomorphism of such dynamical system is pre-injective. This together with an earlier result of Li (where the strong topological Markov property is not needed) of the Myhill property [Garden of Eden and specification. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys.39 (2019), 3075–3088], which we also re-prove here, establishes the Garden of Eden theorem for all expansive actions of countable amenable groups on compact metrizable spaces satisfying the weak specification and strong topological Markov properties. We hint how to easily generalize this result even for uncountable amenable groups and general compact, not necessarily metrizable, spaces. Second, we generalize the recent result of Cohen [The large scale geometry of strongly aperiodic subshifts of finite type. Adv. Math.308 (2017), 599–626] that any subshift of finite type of a finitely generated group having at least two ends has weakly periodic points. We show that every expansive action of such a group having a certain Markov topological property, again implied by the pseudo-orbit tracing property, has a weakly periodic point. If it has additionally the weak specification property, the set of such points is dense.
A high-fibre personalised dietary advice given via a web tool reduces constipation complaints in adults
Authors: Rijnaarts Iris , de Roos Nicole M. , Wang Taojun , Zoetendal Erwin G. , Top Jan , Timmer Marielle , Hogenelst Koen , Bouwman Emily P. , Witteman Ben , de Wit Nicole 
Published: May 2022

AbstractConstipation can greatly impact the quality of life (QoL), which can be relieved by dietary fibres; however, preserving a higher fibre intake remains a challenge. We investigated the effects of a personalised dietary advice (PDA) on fibre intake and mild constipation complaints. A total number of twenty-five adults with mild constipation complaints were included in a 4-week observation period followed by a 4-week personalised intervention. The PDA provided high-fibre alternatives via a web tool. In weeks 1, 4 and 8, dietary intake, constipation complaints and QoL were assessed. Furthermore, participants collected a faecal sample at weeks 1, 4 and 8 to determine microbiota diversity and composition, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Participants completed questions daily for 8 weeks regarding abdominal complaints, stool frequency and stool consistency. Fibre intake in week 8 was significantly higher compared to week 1 (Δ= 5·7 ± 6·7 g,P< 0·001) and week 4 (Δ= 5·2 ± 6·4 g,P< 0·001). Constipation severity and QoL significantly improved at week 8 compared to the observation period (P< 0·001). A higher fibre intake significantly reduced constipation severity (β= −0·031 (−0·05; −0·01),P= 0·001) and the QoL (β= −0·022 (−0·04; −0·01),P= 0·009). Stool consistency (P= 0·040) and abdominal pain (P= 0·030) improved significantly during the intervention period (P= 0·040), but stool frequency did not. Average microbial alpha diversity and composition and SCFA concentrations did not change over time, but indicated individual-specific dynamics. Several SCFAs were associated with constipation complaints. To conclude, a PDA effectively increased fibre intake and subsequently reduced constipation complaints, indicating that guided dietary adjustments are important and feasible in the treatment of mild constipation complaints.
Non-Separable Preferences in the Statistical Analysis of Roll Call Votes
Authors: Binding Garret , Stoetzer Lukas F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractConventional multidimensional statistical models of roll call votes assume that legislators’ preferences are additively separable over dimensions. In this article, we introduce an item response model of roll call votes that allows for non-separability over latent dimensions. Conceptually, non-separability matters if outcomes over dimensions are related rather than independent in legislators’ decisions. Monte Carlo simulations highlight that separable item response models of roll call votes capture non-separability via correlated ideal points and higher salience of a primary dimension. We apply our model to the U.S. Senate and the European Parliament. In both settings, we find that legislators’ preferences over two basic dimensions are non-separable. These results have general implications for our understanding of legislative decision-making, as well as for empirical descriptions of preferences in legislatures.
Long lasting immunity in trichinellosis – insight from a small study group
Authors: Ilic N. , Vasilev S. , Gruden-Movsesijan A. , Gnjatovic M. , Sofronic-Milosavljevic Lj. , Mitic I. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Trichinellosis in humans is most often caused by the parasite Trichinella spiralis. The clinical course of the disease is diverse and the symptoms can vary from mild to severe. Symptoms usually disappear within a few months, but encysted larvae in the muscles can cause myalgia and weakness that last for years. However, the existence of chronic trichinellosis as a disease is still debatable. This study presents the results obtained at the National Reference Laboratory for Trichinellosis – INEP, Serbia. The study was conducted to assess the immunoserological, biochemical and symptomatic disease parameters of twelve patients who acquired trichinellosis 13 and 18 years ago, respectively. They were involved in two T. spiralis outbreaks in Serbia, at the village of Kumane and the city of Belgrade (nine and three patients, respectively). Results indicated the presence of specific anti-Trichinella antibodies in 83% of the total number of patients. However, while the humoral immune response to Trichinella lasted for more than a decade reaching almost two decades after the acute infection phase (7/9 and 3/3 respectively, in two outbreaks), persistence of chronic muscular pain, as the most prolonged symptom of trichinellosis, could be found in the majority of patients from the Kumane outbreak (7/9). As a consequence, these patients suffered from limitations in daily living activities for the same period of time. The results presented in this paper are our contribution to the view that trichinellosis as a chronic disease with symptoms exists and may be related to the severity of the disease in the acute phase.
Estimating excess septicaemia mortality and hospitalisation burden associated with influenza in Hong Kong, 1998 to 2019
Authors: Wong Jessica Y. , Cheung Chung-Mei M. , Bond Helen S. , Cheung Justin K. , Gao Huizhi , Fang Vicky J. , Lau Eric H. Y. , Cowling Benjamin J. , Wu Peng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Influenza virus infections can lead to a number of secondary complications, including sepsis. We applied linear regression models to mortality and hospital admission data coded for septicaemia from 1998 to 2019 in Hong Kong, and estimated that septicaemia was associated with an annual average excess mortality rate of 0.23 (95% CI 0.04–0.40) per 100 000 persons per year and an excess septicaemia hospitalisation rate of 1.73 (95% CI 0.94–2.50) per 100 000 persons per year. The highest excess morbidity and mortality was found in older adults and young children, and during influenza A(H3N2) epidemics.
The morphology of pockmarks on the north-east Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf
Authors: Batchelor Christine L. , Frinault Bétina A.V. , Christie Frazer D.W. , Montelli Aleksandr , Dowdeswell Julian A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPockmarks are sea-floor depressions that form when gas or liquid escapes from underlying sediments. Although they are a common feature of both glaciated and lower-latitude continental shelves, pockmarks have not been reported previously from the north-east Antarctic Peninsula margin. Here we use high-resolution geophysical data acquired using autonomous underwater vehicles to map > 240 pockmarks in three locations along the north-east Antarctic Peninsula shelf. The pockmarks are 0.4–45 m wide and 0.1–2.5 m deep, encompassing both smaller unit-pockmarks and larger normal-pockmarks. The high resolution of our data enables the identification of subdued features associated with the pockmarks, including acoustic flares within the water column, ejecta rims, intra-pockmark blocks and possibly even biological structures. The overprinting of subglacial and ice-marginal landforms by the pockmarks constrains their timing of formation to the last ~11 ka. The high density of pockmarks within the surveyed areas, together with geophysical evidence for the active seepage of gas to the sea floor, suggests that the expulsion of subsurface fluids is a widespread process on the north-east Antarctic Peninsula shelf that could have important implications for benthic biodiversity and the global carbon cycle.
Countercyclical capital regulation in a small open economy DSGE model
Authors: Lozej Matija , Onorante Luca , Rannenberg Ansgar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe examine, conditional on structural shocks, the macroeconomic performance of different countercyclical capital buffer (CCyB) rules in small open economy estimated medium-scale Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model. We find that rules based on the credit gap create a trade-off between the stabilization of fluctuations originating in the housing market and fluctuations caused by foreign demand shocks. The trade-off disappears if the regulator responds to house prices instead. It turns out that the welfare-maximising simple CCyB rule implies responding to house prices only and not to the credit gap. Such rule also leads to significant welfare gains compared to the no CCyB case.
Life detection in Martian returned samples: correlation between analytical techniques and biological signatures
Authors: Meneghin Andrea , Brucato John Robert , Fornaro Teresa , Poggiali Giovanni 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAs soon as samples collected from Mars will be brought back to Earth, the samples will be placed inside a receiving facility to check for the presence of life. There is a large number of approaches that were proposed on the techniques to be used to investigate the presence of life and any biological risk in the returned samples. Another interesting approach was reported by Kminek in which suggestions were provided on how to organize the sample analysis sequence within the facility. Finally, another study suggested a long list of techniques capable of measuring biological signatures based on their general characteristics: global, morphological, mineralogical, organic, molecular and biochemical, isotopic analysis. Despite the effort of the cited studies, there is still the need of a critical approach to make an actual comparison between the techniques, with the aim to find a ranking. In this work, we focused on the construction of a correlation matrix with which to correlate biosignatures to analytical techniques. It is known that a number of techniques can detect biological signatures and, at the same time, each technique can be applied to multiple biological signatures. Using this method, it is possible to summarize all this information to be easily consulted, but also to define in a quantitative way how strong each correlation is.
Introgression of the coupledFhb1-Sr2to increase Fusarium head blight and stem rust resistance of elite wheat cultivars
Authors: Raffo M. , Azzimonti G. , Pereyra S. , Pritsch C. , Lado B. , Dreisigacker S. , Quincke M. , Castro A. , Silva P. , García R. , Pereira F. , Germán S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFusarium head blight (FHB) and stem rust (SR) threaten the sustainability of wheat production worldwide.Fhb1andSr2confer partial durable resistance to FHB and SR, respectively. Despite resistant alleles of both genes are linked in repulsion, lines withFhb1-Sr2in coupling were developed at the University of Minnesota, USA. Marker-assisted backcrossing was used to incorporate the coupledFhb1-Sr2into four elite INIA-Uruguay spring wheat varieties lacking both genes and expressing different levels of FHB and SR resistance. In each case, the initial cross between the donor line and recurrent parent was backcrossed three times. Genotypes carryingFhb1-Sr2were selected using the molecular markerUMN10. In BC3F3families, retention ofFhb1-Sr2was further confirmed with the markersSNP3BS-8andSr2-ger9forFhb1andSr2, respectively. BC3F3homozygous lines contrasting atUMN10,SNP3BS-8andSr2-ger9were obtained to quantify the effect ofFhb1-Sr2on the resistance to FHB under controlled conditions and to SR under field conditions. After 26 months period, successful introgression ofFhb1-Sr2into the four cultivars was achieved, representing novel wheat genetic resources. Lines homozygous for the resistant alleles ofFhb1were significantly more resistant to FHB as reflected by an 18% reduction of average FHB area under the disease progress curve. A significant effect ofSr2on SR field resistance was observed in lines derived from the most susceptible cultivar ‘Génesis 2375’. The most resistant lines to both diseases are expected to be valuable genetic resources in breeding for durable resistance to FHB and SR.
A multi-parameter-level model for simulating future mortality scenarios with COVID-alike effects
Authors: Zhou Rui , Li Johnny Siu-Hang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThere has been a growing interest among pension plan sponsors in envisioning how the mortality experience of their active and deferred members may turn out to be if a pandemic similar to the COVID-19 occurs in the future. To address their needs, we propose in this paper a stochastic model for simulating future mortality scenarios with COVID-alike effects. The proposed model encompasses three parameter levels. The first level includes parameters that capture the long-term pattern of mortality, whereas the second level contains parameters that gauge the excess age-specific mortality due to COVID-19. Parameters in the first and second levels are estimated using penalised quasi-likelihood maximisation method which was proposed for generalised linear mixed models. Finally, the third level includes parameters that draw on expert opinions concerning, for example, how likely a COVID-alike pandemic will occur in the future. We illustrate our proposed model with data from the United States and a range of expert opinions.
Covid-19-related stressors, mental disorders, depressive and anxiety symptoms: a cross-sectional, nationally-representative, face-to-face survey in Serbia
Authors: Marić N. P. , Lazarević L. J. B. , Priebe S. , Mihić L. J. , Pejović-Milovančević M. , Terzić-Šupić Z. , Tošković O. , Vuković O. , Todorović J. , Knežević G. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Aim
The Covid-19 pandemic may be associated with an increase in mental disorders and mental distress. However, there are no representative studies testing the impact of stressors directly related to Covid-19. We aimed to determine whether Covid-19-related stressors were associated with mental disorders, depressive and anxiety symptoms in the second year of the pandemic.

Method
This cross-sectional observational epidemiological survey was conducted from June to October 2021. We interviewed a representative sample of the adult population in Serbia (18–65 years) in the second year of the pandemic, at a time when large parts of the population had been affected by the pandemic in different ways. A multistage probabilistic household sampling of the adult population in 60 municipalities was used. Mental disorders were assessed by in-person interviews using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were measured by PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales. Covid-19-related stressors (Sars-CoV-2 infection, the infection of a close relative, self-isolation and lack of protective equipment at work), as well as other stressors during the pandemic (not directly related to the risk of the infection), were measured. The associations with mental disorders, depressive and anxiety symptoms were explored through univariable and multivariable regression analyses.

Results
In total, 1203 individuals (mean age 43.7 ± 13.6 years, 48.7% male) were interviewed. Most respondents (67.8%) of the sample had already experienced Covid-19-related stressors (20.1% had Sars-CoV-2 infection; 43.2% had a close relative member who had Covid-19; 28.2% reported lack of appropriate protection; 27.5% had been quarantined) and about 50% had already been vaccinated. The prevalence of any mental disorder was 15.2% (95% CI 13.2–17.2): mood disorders 4.6%, anxiety disorders 4.3% and substance use disorders 8.0%. Mean PHQ-9 was 3.2 ± 3.8 and GAD-7 was 2.1 ± 3.1. In this study, one Covid-19 stressor, i.e. lack of protective equipment, was weakly associated with a greater frequency of anxiety disorders (p = 0.023), while the other stressors had significant associations with several groups of mental disorders and symptom levels.

Conclusions
Our study did not provide any evidence that the prevalence of mental disorders exceeds the range of pre-pandemic data reported in the literature. Covid-related stressors, although frequently reported, did not dramatically influence the prevalence of mental disorders. The provision of the appropriate equipment at workplaces might lead to the reduction of anxiety disorders.
Geomagnetism, Paleomagnetism and Electromagnetism Perspectives on Integrated, Coordinated, Open, Networked (ICON) Science
Authors: Ayala C. , Beamud E. , Huebert J. , Jones S. A. , Kumar A. , Miller S. R. , Moorkamp M. , Pueyo E. L. , Ruiz‐Constan A. , Schamuells N. , Sur D. , Tauxe L. , van Hinsbergen D. J. J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article is composed of three independent commentaries about the state of Integrated, Coordinated, Open, Networked (ICON) principles (Goldman et al., 2021, https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10508554.1) in the Geomagnetism, Paleomagnetism, and Electromagnetism (GPE) section and discussion on the opportunities and challenges of adopting them. Each commentary focuses on a different topic: Global collaboration, reproducibility, data sharing and infrastructure; Inclusive equitable, and accessible science: Involvement, challenges, and support of early career, BIPOC, women, LGBTQIA+, and/or disabled researchers; Community engagement, citizen science, education, and stakeholder involvement. Data sharing practices and open repository use still varies strongly between GPE communities. Some have a long tradition of data sharing; others are only starting it. Globally, GPE leadership is strongly dominated by white males and diversity may increase through the creation of Science Equality Commissions. Improved global stakeholder involvement can increase research impacts and help fight inequalities. In all investigated topics we see promising beginnings but also recognize obstacles that include a lack of funding, a lack of understanding of diversity, and prioritizing short‐term gain over long‐term benefit. Nonetheless, we are hopeful that our community will embrace ICON science.
Phytoplankton Impact on Marine Cloud Microphysical Properties Over the Northeast Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Mansour Karam , Rinaldi Matteo , Preißler Jana , Decesari Stefano , Ovadnevaite Jurgita , Ceburnis Darius , Paglione Marco , Facchini Maria C. , O'Dowd Colin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe current understanding of the impact of natural cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) variability on cloud properties in marine air is low, thus contributing to climate prediction uncertainty. By analyzing cloud remote sensing observations (2009–2015) at Mace Head (west coast of Ireland), we show the oceanic biota impact on the microphysical properties of stratiform clouds over the Northeast Atlantic Ocean. During spring to summer (seasons of enhanced oceanic biological activity), clouds typically host a higher number of smaller droplets resulting from increased aerosol number concentration in the CCN relevant‐size range. The induced increase in cloud droplet number concentration (+100%) and decrease in their radius (−14%) are comparable in magnitude to that generated by the advection of anthropogenically influenced air masses over the background marine boundary layer. Cloud water content and albedo respond to marine CCN perturbations with positive adjustments, making clouds brighter as the number of droplets increases. Cloud susceptibility to marine aerosols overlaps with a large variability of cloud macrophysical and optical properties primarily affected by the meteorological conditions. The above findings suggest the existence of a potential feedback mechanism between marine biota and the marine cloud‐climate system.
FORTE Measurements of Global Optical Lightning Waveforms and Implications for Optical Lightning Detection
Authors: Peterson Michael 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLightning processes generate a diverse collection of optical pulses from current traversing the lightning channels. These signals are then broadened spatially and temporally via scattering in the clouds. The resulting waveforms measured from space with instruments like the photodiode detector (PDD) on the Fast On‐orbit Recording of Transient Events (FORTE) satellite have a variety of shapes. In this study, we use coincident optical and Radio‐Frequency measurements to document the properties of optical PDD waveforms associated with different types of lightning, estimate delays from scattering in the clouds, and comment on how pulse shape impacts optical lightning detection. We find that the attributes of optical pulses recorded by the PDD are consistent with prior studies, but vary globally and with event amplitude. The most powerful lightning tends to be single‐peaked with faster rise times (median: ∼100 µs) and shorter effective widths (median: ∼400 µs) than normal lightning. Particularly dim events, meanwhile, include cases of broad optical waveforms with sustained optical emission throughout the PDD record, which the pixelated FORTE Lightning Location System (LLS) instrument has difficulty detecting. We propose that this is due to the optical signal being divided between individual LLS pixels that are each, individually, not bright enough to trigger. We use PDD waveforms and Monte Carlo radiative transfer modeling to demonstrate that increasing the temporal and spatial resolution of a pixelated lightning imager will make it more difficult to detect these broad/dim pulses as their energy becomes divided between additional pixels/integration frames.