bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
American forensicDNApractitioners' opinion on activity level evaluative reporting
Authors: Yang Yoon Jung , Prinz Mechthild , McKiernan Heather , Oldoni Fabio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe technical advancements made in DNA profiling now allow for very low DNA amounts to be analyzed. Accordingly, the argument often made in criminal courts is not who the DNA belongs to but rather how it was deposited. Despite the complexity of the relevant DNA transfer, persistence, prevalence, and recovery issues, forensic laboratories in some European countries have used evaluative reports with activity level propositions, while this is not current practice in the United States. The purpose of this study was to gain an overview of the opinions about activity level reporting (ALR) held by forensic biologists in the United States. A seventeen‐question survey was distributed to members of the American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors and U.S. members of the International Society for Forensic Genetics. The survey included multiple‐choice and open‐response questions and received 54 responses. The majority of responses expressed moderate support of ALR. Participants mentioned six major concerns to be addressed prior to implementing ALR in the United States: (1) effect of number of variables involved; (2) need of education for practitioners/legal system; (3) inadequate number of activity studies with realistic scenarios; (4) difficulty of achieving admissibility in court; (5) need for standardized approaches/guidelines; and (6) requisite shift in perspective as to the validity of ALR. Overall, this small segment of U.S. forensic DNA practitioners appear to be willing to implement ALR once these concerns are fully addressed and resolved. As a follow‐up, it would be worthwhile exploring these and other questions with a larger group and also other disciplines.
Self‐reported alcohol consumption of pregnant women and their partners correlates both before and during pregnancy: A cohort study with 21,472 singleton pregnancies
Authors: Voutilainen Taija , Rysä Jaana , Keski‐Nisula Leea , Kärkkäinen Olli 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe partners’ role in determining the alcohol consumption behavior of pregnant women is not well studied. We measured alcohol use before and during pregnancy in pregnant women and their partners to evaluate the correlation in their levels of consumption.MethodsWe evaluated the self‐reported alcohol use of 14,822 women and their partners during 21,472 singleton pregnancies delivered in Kuopio University Hospital, Finland during the period 2009‒2018. The information was gathered during pregnancy and at the time of childbirth and recorded in two databases that were merged to yield a single cohort. Missing data were accounted for by multiple imputation using the predictive mean matching method.ResultsIn 86% of the pregnancies, women reported alcohol use before pregnancy, whereas in 4.5% of the pregnancies women reported alcohol use during pregnancy. In contrast, no decrease was detected in their partners’ alcohol use before or during pregnancy. In 26% of the pregnancies, the woman reported stopping alcohol use only after recognizing that she was pregnant. Before pregnancy, there were strong correlations between the pregnant women and their partners in the total Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test score (r
s = 0.69, p < 0.0001) and the self‐reported average weekly amount of alcohol consumed (r
s = 0.56, p < 0.0001). During pregnancy, there were weak correlations between the pregnant women and their partners in the frequency of drinking (r
s = 0.20, p < 0.0001) and the average weekly amount of alcohol consumed (r
s = 0.18, p < 0.0001).ConclusionsThe self‐reported alcohol consumption of pregnant women and their partners was positively correlated both before and during pregnancy, though the correlation declined substantially during pregnancy. Evaluating the alcohol consumption of both parents before pregnancy could assist in identifying women at risk of prenatal alcohol exposure. Supporting a reduction in partners' alcohol use could help to reduce pregnant women's alcohol consumption and prevent its associated harms.
Defining an optimal surveillance strategy for patients following choledochal cyst resection: results of a systematic review
Authors: Koea Jonathan , O'Grady Michael , Agraval Jash , Srinivasa Sanket 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundCholedochal cysts should be treated with complete surgical resection, or, rarely liver transplantation. Treated patients can remain at risk of developing metachronous cholangiocarcinomas and lifelong follow up is indicated. However, there is no agreement on what constitutes an acceptable follow up strategy. This review was undertaken to develop an evidenced based surveillance strategy.MethodsA systematic review of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar was undertaken for reports (published up to 10 September 2021) describing late biliary complications and development of metachronous cholangiocarcinoma following choledochal cyst resection.ResultsTwenty‐five publications described 74 metachronous cholangiocarcinomas occurring in 3911 patients (overall incidence 2%). Cancers developed commonly at the hepatic hilus and were diagnosed after a median interval of 92 months (range 9–249 months) after the initial resection. While reporting is incomplete, the majority of cholangiocarcinomas developed following resection of type I and type IV cysts with few metachronous cancers recorded after treatment of type II or III cysts. Peak age range for presentation with metachronous cholangiocarcinoma is in the twenties following cyst resection in childhood suggesting that patients are at greatest risk for metachronous tumour development for up to 20 years (240 months).ConclusionA surveillance strategy is proposed for patients treated primarily for cyst types I and IV and unresected type V using annual liver function tests, Ca 19–9 measurement and biannual ultrasound assessment for 20 years post cyst resection, with biannual liver function testing, Ca 19–9 measurement and three yearly ultrasound assessment thereafter.
Intra‐individual trajectories of subjectively prioritizing health over other life domains
Authors: Meyerhof Hannah , Jones Christopher M. , Schüz Benjamin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSubjectively prioritizing health over other life domains is an indicator of health motivation and is associated with higher levels of health behaviors and more effective health behavior self‐regulation. However, little is known about when individuals prioritize health over other life domains and which factors predict prioritizing health.Here, we examine 3644 older adults in Germany (mean age 60.79) over a period of 6–9 years from DEAS, a population‐representative survey. Latent growth curves were estimated to examine individual change in prioritizing health. Socio‐structural (gender, educational attainment) and indicators of health status (baseline status and change in [a] number of illnesses, [b] functional health, and [c] self‐rated health) were tested as predictors of changes in health prioritization.Participants prioritized health over other life domains, and this increased over time. Women and those with worse health status (lower functional and lower self‐rated health) prioritized health more than men and those with better health status, respectively. Lower educational attainment was associated with higher increases in prioritizing health, and interactions between educational status and health indicators show that increases are larger in those with worse health and lower educational attainment. This indicates individual differences in the degree and the changes of prioritizing health.
Mergers, multiperiod Cournot competition, and Coasian dynamics
Authors: Rouskas Evangelos 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUnder the simplifying conditions of product homogeneity, linear demand, symmetric and constant marginal costs, the static Cournot–Nash equilibrium predicts that exogenous horizontal mergers generate losses for the participants if the participants represent less than 80% of the firms in the industry. I successfully challenge the applicability of this well‐known merger paradox to markets for durable goods by introducing Coasian dynamics to the quantity competition, while maintaining all other simplifying conditions. I demonstrate that exogenous mergers with a relatively small number of insiders in industries with a relatively large initial number of firms can be profitable as long as the common discount factor is sufficiently high and the decision‐making horizon is sufficiently long. Unlike previous research on mergers in durable‐goods industries, the significance of the decision‐making horizon is emphasized; mergers that are unprofitable in a short‐horizon version of my model for all values of the discount factor can prove profitable in a long‐horizon version provided that agents are sufficiently patient.
New insight into dyslipidemia‐induced cellular senescence in atherosclerosis
Authors: Xiang Qunyan , Tian Feng , Xu Jin , Du Xiao , Zhang Shilan , Liu Ling 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTAtherosclerosis, characterized by lipid‐rich plaques in the arterial wall, is an age‐related disorder and a leading cause of mortality worldwide. However, the specific mechanisms remain complex. Recently, emerging evidence has demonstrated that senescence of various types of cells, such as endothelial cells (ECs), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), macrophages, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) contributes to atherosclerosis. Cellular senescence and atherosclerosis share various causative stimuli, in which dyslipidemia has attracted much attention. Dyslipidemia, mainly referred to elevated plasma levels of atherogenic lipids or lipoproteins, or functional impairment of anti‐atherogenic lipids or lipoproteins, plays a pivotal role both in cellular senescence and atherosclerosis. In this review, we summarize the current evidence for dyslipidemia‐induced cellular senescence during atherosclerosis, with a focus on low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) and its modifications, hydrolysate of triglyceride‐rich lipoproteins (TRLs), and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), respectively. Furthermore, we describe the underlying mechanisms linking dyslipidemia‐induced cellular senescence and atherosclerosis. Finally, we discuss the senescence‐related therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis, with special attention given to the anti‐atherosclerotic effects of promising geroprotectors as well as anti‐senescence effects of current lipid‐lowering drugs.
Action research with caseworkers: Responding to and reflecting on the impacts of COVID‐19 on birth family contact
Authors: Ciftci Sarah , Collings Susan , Wright Amy Conley 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSocial distancing due to COVID‐19 forced changes to contact with birth relatives for children in out‐of‐home care. This required a shift to using technologies, which was previously underutilized and viewed as risky. In an action research study, 33 caseworkers in New South Wales, Australia, reflected upon adapting their practices. Three key themes characterized the changes in caseworker practices and how these impacted upon social interactions between children and their birth and carer families: communication, not location; shared not separate spaces and spontaneous not restricted interaction. First, caseworkers described how contact via technologies involved fewer logistical arrangements, shifting the focus on interactions among children and their two families and encouraging these to be flexible and child‐centred. Second, caseworkers discussed how spending time together virtually could build trust, as carers and birth relatives could forge relationships around shared commitment to the child's wellbeing. Third, caseworkers noted that technology‐facilitated communication enabled greater choice and control for children while requiring renegotiating boundaries. The findings reflect a shift in caseworker perceptions of technology‐facilitated contact from a risk to opportunity framework as a result of COVID‐19 conditions, consistent with social shaping of technology theory. Beyond the pandemic, contact with birth relatives can be enhanced through technology.
Epidemiologie von Hautkrankheiten in Deutschland: Systematische Literaturanalyse des aktuellen Forschungsstands – Teil 3: infektiöse Hauterkrankungen
Authors: Hansen Inga , Augustin Matthias , Schäfer Ines , Mohr Nicole 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDas Ziel dieser Arbeit war die systematische Erfassung aller bisher publizierten bevölkerungsbezogenen epidemiologischen Daten zu Hauterkrankungen in Deutschland. Der vorliegende Teil 3 der Publikationsserie thematisiert die infektiösen Hauterkrankungen. Die Ergebnisse zu den Tumorerkrankungen der Haut (Teil 1) sowie zu den nichtinfektiösen Hauterkrankungen (Teil 2) bilden weitere Teile dieser Publikationsreihe.Es wurde eine systematische Literaturrecherche mit PubMed/MEDLINE für den Zeitraum der letzten 15 Jahre durchgeführt. Mit dem Ziel alle dermatologischen Erkrankungen einzuschließen, wurde eine Diagnoseliste auf Basis des ICD‐11‐Katalogs erstellt. Diese Liste umfasste 1347 Hautkrankheiten und bildete die Basis für die Recherche. Die Literaturrecherche ergab 4650 Treffer, von denen 72 Arbeiten zu 43 verschiedenen Hautkrankheiten in die Synthese eingeschlossen wurden. Darunter waren zwölf Treffer zu infektiösen Dermatosen, von denen sich sechs Arbeiten auf Masern bezogen. Die höchsten Lebenszeitprävalenzen fanden sich für Varizellen und Verrucae vulgares.Diese Arbeit ist die erste systematische Literaturrecherche, die zum Ziel hatte, alle verfügbaren epidemiologischen Daten zu Hautkrankheiten in Deutschland zu berichten. Dabei zeigte sich, dass zu vielen infektiösen Erkrankungen bisher keine repräsentativen Daten vorliegen. Die eingeschlossenen Arbeiten waren methodisch sehr heterogen. Dennoch ist der Nutzen dieser epidemiologischen Daten vielseitig und kann als Referenz verschiedener epidemiologischer Fragestellungen dienen.
Versorgungsstruktur der Patienten mit Mycosis fungoides und Sézary‐Syndrom in Deutschland – Versorgungsforschung auf Basis von GKV‐Routinedaten
Authors: Assaf Chalid , Dobos Gabor , Zech Immo‐Maximilian , Doess Axel , Hibbe Thomas , Jadasz Janusz J. 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungHintergrundKutane T‐Zell‐Lymphome (CTCL) sind seltene Formen von Non‐Hodgkin‐Lymphomen mit T‐Zell‐Ursprung, die hauptsächlich in der Haut auftreten. Die häufigste Form ist Mycosis fungoides (MF), aber auch das Sézary‐Syndrom (SS), als eine aggressivere verlaufende Form des CTCL, ist eine relevante Untergruppe. Aufgrund des seltenen Krankheitsbilds sind populationsbezogene Untersuchungen zur Epidemiologie, Krankheitslast und Einblicke in das Versorgungsgeschehen begrenzt.Patienten und MethodikAuf Basis eines anonymisierten, alters‐ und geschlechtsadjustierten Routinedatensatzes mit circa fünf Millionen gesetzlich Krankenversicherten wurde in einem Sechsjahreszeitraum (2012–2017) eine retrospektive, longitudinale Versorgungsforschung durchgeführt.ErgebnisseBei 55 % der Patienten mit MF und SS wurde die Erstdiagnose ambulant dokumentiert; in 59 % der Fälle durch einen Dermatologen. Die durchflusszytometrische Immunphänotypisierung gilt als wichtige Untersuchung für Erkennung und Verlaufsdiagnostik einer Blutbeteiligung kutaner Lymphome, da das Krankheitsstadium der wichtigste prognostische Faktor bei MF und SS ist; diese erfolgte bei lediglich 10 % der Patienten. Die primäre Versorgung erfolgte durch topische Anwendung (76 %), insbesondere mit Corticosteroiden (66 %).SchlussfolgerungenErkenntnisse dieser Versorgungsforschung deuten auf die Notwendigkeit einer verbesserten Leitlinien‐gerechten Versorgung hin.
Needs, concerns and self‐management experiences of people with type 2 diabetes during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative study
Authors: Upsher Rebecca , Noori Yasaman , Kuriakose Lisa , Vassiliadou Io , Winkley Kirsty , Ismail Khalida 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundType 2 diabetes is associated with increased COVID‐19 severity. Little is understood about the needs, concerns and self‐management experiences of people with type 2 diabetes during the COVID‐19 pandemic.AimTo examine the lived experiences of people with type 2 diabetes during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodThis qualitative study recruited people with type 2 diabetes from the SOUth‐London Diabetes (SOUL‐D) cohort. Semi‐structured interviews via telephone were conducted between September 2020 and January 2021. Deductive thematic analysis derived themes from the data to explore needs, concerns and self‐management experiences of people with type 2 diabetes.ResultsTwenty‐nine people with type 2 diabetes were interviewed. Three themes with subthemes were outlined: (1) information needs of people with type 2 diabetes during the Covid‐19 pandemic, (2) concerns about Covid‐19 from people with type 2 diabetes and (3) diabetes self management and well‐being during the Covid‐19 pandemic.ConclusionDuring a pandemic, there is a need for consistent, diabetes‐specific, messaging from healthcare professionals for people with type 2 diabetes. People with type 2 diabetes need support to access digital resources to aid remote communication. Future research could help develop recourses to prevent social isolation and loneliness for people with type 2 diabetes during a pandemic.
Changes in soil phosphorus fractions under different land uses in desert grasslands in northwestern China
Authors: Wang Zeng‐Ru , Li Feng‐Rui , Liu Lu‐Lu , Yang Kun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHumans influence desert ecosystem structure and function by transforming native vegetation into agricultural and non‐agricultural land. However, how different land uses in desert grasslands affect soil phosphorus (P) fractions with varying lability by creating distinct soil physicochemical and microbial properties remains poorly understood. To address this question, a field study was conducted in the arid region of northwestern China, where sites were selected for having an area containing natural desert grassland and three adjacent differently managed land uses converted from desert grassland: 28‐year‐old rainfed shrub (Haloxylon ammodendron) plantation, 35‐year‐old irrigated tree (Populus gansuensis) plantation, and 33‐ to 40‐year‐old irrigated and fertilized croplands. We collected data from four land‐use types for concentrations of soil inorganic and organic P (Pi and Po) fractions of decreasing lability (labile P: resin‐ and NaHCO3‐extractable P; moderately labile P: NaOH‐extractable P; recalcitrant P: HCl‐extractable P and residual P) and edaphic variables as predictors. The relative contributions of individual predictors to variation in P fractions were evaluated using a boosted regression tree analysis. We found significant increases in (1) all P fractions in croplands (77%–418%), with the largest increase in resin‐P; (2) all P fractions except resin‐P in tree plantations (52%–367%), with the largest increase in labile Po; and (3) NaHCO3‐P and HCl‐Pi in shrub plantations (14%–134%), with the largest increase in labile Pi, compared with natural desert grasslands. Edaphic properties dominantly controlled the changes of different P fractions, explaining 51%–93% of the variation in P fractions, but the dominant influential factors differed across P fractions. We conclude that different land uses in desert grassland soil resulted in significant differences in the fractional composition and availability of soil P by affecting edaphic properties differently, informing that soil P cycling can be regulated by altering land‐use types and management levels.Highlights
Assessing the impact of different land uses in desert grasslands on soil P fractions.
Different land‐use types showed distinct patterns of soil P dynamics and availability.
Soil P responses to land‐use changes were mainly mediated by edaphic properties.
The importance of edaphic factors in regulating P dynamics differed among P fractions.
Soil P cycling can be regulated by altering land‐use types and management levels.
Ultrasound biomicroscopy of the equine iridocorneal angle
Authors: Knickelbein Kelly E. , Lassaline Mary E. , Kim Soohyun , Thomasy Sara M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe iridocorneal angle (ICA) is the major pathway of aqueous humour outflow from the anterior chamber of the eye. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) has been utilised to characterise the morphology of this drainage pathway in numerous species. UBM may allow for early recognition of aqueous humour outflow obstructions in horses, allowing for earlier recognition of risk for glaucoma, a vision‐threatening and painful disease. UBM morphology of the normal equine ICA has yet to be described.ObjectivesTo determine the ultrasonographic morphology of the equine ICA by UBM in standing sedated horses.Study designIn vivo experimental study.MethodsThirty healthy adult horses underwent UBM of the ICA at four locations (superior, temporal, inferior, nasal) of each eye utilising standing sedation, topical anaesthesia and auriculopalpebral perineural anaesthesia. Anatomic structures were defined on ultrasound images through comparison to published histologic photomicrographs of the equine ICA.ResultsUltrasound imaging of the ICA at all four locations was easily performed in standing, sedated horses. High‐resolution images of the ICA allowed for identification of the pectinate ligament, corneoscleral trabecular meshwork (TM), uveal TM and supraciliary TM.Main limitationsPupil size was midrange in all eyes, but was not strictly controlled. Lighting conditions not controlled. Various breeds included.ConclusionIn vivo UBM of the equine ICA is feasible and provides high‐resolution images of the structures of the aqueous humour outflow pathway.
Associations among incontinence, incontinence‐associated dermatitis and pressure injuries in older nursing home residents
Authors: Hoedl Manuela , Eglseer Doris 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study was conducted to investigate the association between incontinence (INC), incontinence‐associated dermatitis (IAD) and (nosocomial) pressure injuries (PI) in nursing home residents aged 60 years or older.MethodsWe included 3725 older residents in this cross‐sectional, multisite secondary data analysis. A standardized questionnaire was used that included demographic data and other data including care dependency, as well as data on INC, IAD and PI. We analysed the data using methods of descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis and univariable/multivariate regressions.ResultsOur results showed that risks for malnutrition, diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, and having a catheter for INC reasons were associated with a higher risk for (nosocomial) PI in this population. Independent of their age group, specifically residents with a catheter had a higher risk of developing a (nosocomial) PI.ConclusionsWe strongly recommend carrying out further studies to examine the association between the risk of malnutrition and PI. To address other aspects of nutritional status, studies on associations between obesity on INC, IAD as well as PI would also be of great interest.