bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural and anthropogenic drivers of escaped farmed salmon occurrence and introgression into wild Norwegian Atlantic salmon populations
Authors: Diserud O H , Fiske P , Karlsson S , Glover K A , Næsje T , Aronsen T , Bakke G , Barlaup B T , Erkinaro J , Florø-Larsen B , Foldvik A , Heino M , Kanstad-Hanssen Ø , Lo H , Lund R A , Muladal R , Niemelä E , Økland F , Østborg G M , Otterå H , Skaala Ø , Skoglund H , Solberg I , Solberg M F , Sollien V P , Sægrov H , Urdal K , Wennevik V , Hindar K 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Marine aquaculture of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is a relatively new industry where breeding programs have led to rapid genetic change in the captive populations that were built up alongside conspecific wild individuals. Throughout its 50-years history, marine aquaculture of Atlantic salmon has been associated with escapes, and studies have shown that escapees may enter rivers, spawn successfully, and this may lead to farmed-to-wild genetic introgression and maladaptation in wild populations. Yet, an open question is what factors can best explain the variability in the proportion of farmed escapees in wild populations, and when present, which additional factors lead to introgression. Here, we combine two large-scale data sets from monitoring escaped farmed salmon and introgression in Norwegian rivers between 2006 and 2018 to model how anthropogenic, environmental, and population factors influence proportion of escapees and level of introgression. We found that increasing farming intensity and river discharge increase the expected proportions of escaped farmed salmon in rivers, whereas a larger wild salmon population size reduces the expected proportion of escapees despite increasing the expected absolute numbers of escaped farmed salmon. On a large scale, introgression is primarily a function of proportions of escaped farmed salmon, and only to a minor extent a function of local environmental factors or salmon population characteristics. This suggests that as long as salmon aquaculture is based on technologies where non-sterile fish can escape, all anadromous wild Atlantic salmon populations are at risk. Large marine protected areas without salmon aquaculture may slow down the rate of intrusion and introgression by increasing the distance between intensive aquaculture and wild populations.
Constructing Equality in EU Asylum Law
Authors: Salomon Stefan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The view that subsidiary protection status is a lesser form of protection than refugee status is widespread among European Union (EU) Member States’ asylum authorities and courts. This view is based on the assumption that the protection needs of beneficiaries of subsidiary protection are of shorter duration than those of refugees. Based on this assumption, several EU Member States have curtailed the rights of beneficiaries of subsidiary protection and national courts have upheld these restrictions. This article argues that the assumption of a shorter duration of subsidiary protection, and therefore lesser protection needs, is empirically unfounded and normatively untenable. The assumption is based on the premise that the principal circumstances justifying subsidiary protection – poor security situations or armed conflicts – are temporary in nature. Contrary to tendencies in EU Member States, it is argued that the development of EU asylum law points towards the creation of a uniform status of protection that entails the same rights for refugees and beneficiaries of subsidiary protection. Why, then, does the assumption of the temporary nature of subsidiary protection persist? This article posits that the persistence of the assumption of the temporary nature of subsidiary protection derives from a more profound perception in international legal thought of wartime as exceptional and of short duration.
ICLAS LAQ Network for the Promotion of Animal Quality in Research
Authors: Vergara Patri , Ballard Gregory , Besch-Williford Cynthia , Hayashimoto Nobuhito , Pekow Cynthia , Perez Ana , Schmidt Katja , Shek William , Toft Martin , Yoshiki Atsushi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
ICLAS Laboratory Animal Quality Network (LAQN) programs currently consist of the Performance Evaluation Program (PEP), which focuses on microbial monitoring by and for laboratory animal diagnostic laboratories, and the Genetic Reference Monitoring Program (GENRef), which provides assay-ready reference DNA for genetic testing of mouse strains. Since 2008, PEP has grown to become a truly international program with participating laboratories in 5 continents. Launched in 2016, GENRef currently distributes DNA from 12 common inbred mouse strains for use in genetic monitoring of locally inbred colonies as well as for genetic testing of stocks, particularly genetically engineered stocks, of uncertain origins. GENRef has the capacity to include additional strains as well as additional species. PEP and GENRef provide the reagents at cost, as a resource to the international scientific community, in the interest of improving research quality in an environment of growing concern for research quality, rigor, and reproducibility.
Comparing medical history data derived from electronic health records and survey answers in the All of Us Research Program
Authors: Sulieman Lina , Cronin Robert M , Carroll Robert J , Natarajan Karthik , Marginean Kayla , Mapes Brandy , Roden Dan , Harris Paul , Ramirez Andrea 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective
A participant’s medical history is important in clinical research and can be captured from electronic health records (EHRs) and self-reported surveys. Both can be incomplete, EHR due to documentation gaps or lack of interoperability and surveys due to recall bias or limited health literacy. This analysis compares medical history collected in the All of Us Research Program through both surveys and EHRs.

Materials and Methods
The All of Us medical history survey includes self-report questionnaire that asks about diagnoses to over 150 medical conditions organized into 12 disease categories. In each category, we identified the 3 most and least frequent self-reported diagnoses and retrieved their analogues from EHRs. We calculated agreement scores and extracted participant demographic characteristics for each comparison set.

Results
The 4th All of Us dataset release includes data from 314 994 participants; 28.3% of whom completed medical history surveys, and 65.5% of whom had EHR data. Hearing and vision category within the survey had the highest number of responses, but the second lowest positive agreement with the EHR (0.21). The Infectious disease category had the lowest positive agreement (0.12). Cancer conditions had the highest positive agreement (0.45) between the 2 data sources.

Discussion and Conclusion
Our study quantified the agreement of medical history between 2 sources—EHRs and self-reported surveys. Conditions that are usually undocumented in EHRs had low agreement scores, demonstrating that survey data can supplement EHR data. Disagreement between EHR and survey can help identify possible missing records and guide researchers to adjust for biases.
PCM1-JAK2Fusion Tyrosine Kinase Gene-Related Neoplasia: A Systematic Review of the Clinical Literature
Authors: Kaplan Henry G , Jin Ruyun , Bifulco Carlo B , Scanlan James M , Corwin David R 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis review summarizes the case studies of PCM1-JAK2 fusion tyrosine kinase gene-related neoplasia. Recommended treatment includes JAK2 inhibitors and hematologic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), although the small number of patients has limited study of their efficacy. Herein, we present all available cases in the current searchable literature with their demographics, diagnoses, treatments, and outcomes.MethodsPubMed, ScienceDirect, Publons, the Cochrane Library, and Google were searched with the following terms: PCM1-JAK2, ruxolitinib and myeloid/lymphoid.ResultsSixty-six patients (mean age = 50, 77% male) had an initial diagnosis of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) in 40, acute leukemia in 21 and T-cell cutaneous lymphoma in 5. Thirty-five patients (53%) had completed 5-year follow-up. The 5-year survival for the MPN, acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), acute lymphocytic leukemia, and lymphoma groups are 62.7, 14.9%, 40.0%, and 100%, respectively. Too few patients have been treated with ruxolitinib to draw conclusions regarding its effect on survival while the 5-year survival for MPN patients with or without HSCT was 80.2% (40.3%-94.8%) versus 51.5% (22.3%-74.6%), respectively. The T-cell cutaneous lymphoma patients have all survived at least 7 years.ConclusionThis rare condition may be increasingly detected with wider use of genomics. Ruxolitinib can yield hematologic and molecular remissions. However, HSCT is, at this time, the only potentially curative treatment. Useful prognostic markers are needed to determine appropriate timing for HSCT in patients with MPN. Patients presenting with acute leukemia have a poor prognosis.
Missing the Target
Authors: Roe Mark J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Stock-market-driven short-termism is crippling the US economy, according to legal, judicial, and media thinking. Firms forgo the R&D they need, cut capital spending, and buy back their own stock so feverishly that they starve themselves of cash. The stock market is the primary cause: directors and managers cannot manage for the long-term when their shareholders furiously trade their companies’ stocks, they cannot invest enough when stockholders demand rising quarterly profits, they must slash R&D when investors demand that precious cash be used to buy back stock, and they cannot even strategize about the long-term when shareholder activists demand immediate results. The stock market’s short-termism is also blamed for environmental degradation, for contributing to global warming, and for employee mistreatment. This book shows, however, that the purported ills emanating from stock-market short-termism are either not shown, likely to minor, demonstrably false, or due to other pernicious economic causes. The social costs attributed to corporate short-termsim—environmental degradation, mistreatment of stakeholders, riaking climate catastrophe—emanate more from selfishness than from distorted time horizons, as we shall see. Moreover, public and policymaker obsession with stock-market short-termism as upsetting the economy and settled arrangements is explained more by dissatisfaction with the rapidity of technological change, the increasing uncertainty and instability of the workplace, and a dissatisfaction with overall economic arrangements. Lawmakers and pundits can readily miss more likely causes of the underlying issues—like how best to push forward US R&D—by mistakenly aiming at stock-market short-termism. After considering what the evidence tells us, we consider what political and social reasons could explain the issue’s prominence.
They Eat Our Sweat
Authors: Agbiboa Daniel E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMost accounts of corruption in Africa and the Global South are generally overly simplistic and macro-oriented, and commonly disconnect everyday (petty) corruption from political (grand) corruption. Contrary to standard approaches, Daniel Agbiboa offers a fresh and engaging look at the corruption complex in Africa through a micro analysis of its informal transport sector, where collusion between state and nonstate actors is most rife. Focusing on Lagos, Nigeria’s commercial capital and Africa’s largest city, They Eat Our Sweat investigates the workaday world of road transport operators as refracted through the extortion racket and violence of transport unions in complicity with the state. Steeped in an embodied knowledge of Lagos and backed by two years of thorough ethnographic fieldwork, including working as an informal bus conductor, Agbiboa provides an emic perspective on precarious labor, popular agency, and the daily pursuit of survival under the shadow of the modern world system. Corruption, Agbiboa argues, is not rooted in Nigerian “culture” but is shaped by the struggle to get by and get ahead on the fast and slow lanes of Lagos. The pursuit of economic survival compels transport operators to participate in the reproduction of the very transgressive system they denounce. They Eat Our Sweat is not just a book about corruption but also about transportation, politics, and governance in urban Africa.
Generation of Arc-Like and OIB-Like Magmas Triggered by Slab Detachment in the Eastern Mexican Alkaline Province: Petrological Evidence from the Cenozoic Sierra de San Carlos-Cruillas Complex, Tamaulipas
Authors: Elizondo-Pacheco Luis Alejandro , Ramírez-Fernández Juan Alonso , De Ignacio Cristina , González-Guzmán Reneé , Rodríguez-Saavedra Pedro , Leal-Cuellar Víctor Alejandro , Velasco-Tapia Fernando , Montalvo-Arrieta Juan Carlos 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The origin of the Eastern Mexican Alkaline Province has been explained by landward arc migration and subsequent asthenospheric upwelling after slab roll-back of the Farallon Plate. In this work, we present new petrographic, mineral chemical, geochemical, and geochronological data of the Sierra de San Carlos-Cruillas (SSCC), one of the most important complexes in the province. This information, together with published data, helped us to reinterpret the tectonic processes operating during the generation of this province, as well as the mantle sources involved in the partial melting process. Detailed geochemical analysis suggests the participation of two types of metasomatized mantle regions: a lithospheric source modified by past subduction processes and an asthenospheric source slightly affected by carbonatite-related metasomatism. Variations in the partial melting degrees controlled the extent of magma enrichment in the latter. Major and trace element geochemistry, together with geochronological data and field relations, evinced an older post-orogenic setting related to the arc-like rocks (Eocene) and a younger intraplate extensional environment associated with all enriched igneous rocks (Oligocene-Miocene). Bivariate diagrams of SiO2-trace element ratios and multi-element patterns indicate that magmas from the SSCC complex dominantly evolved through fractional crystallization with a limited crustal contribution. Petrographic and mineral chemistry features suggest that some of these magmas experienced open-system processes (e.g. recharge events) in a complex and dynamic magmatic feeding system. In contrast to the traditional petrotectonic model, we propound that the passage and subsequent foundering of the Hess conjugate under northeastern Mexico resulted in its eclogitization and triggered slab tearing and succeeding detachment. This latter process occasioned mantle upwelling and the partial melting of the two recognized metasomatized mantle sources, thus generating the San Carlos-Cruillas magmatism.
Distinct neural couplings to shared goal and action coordination in joint action: evidence based on fNIRS hyperscanning
Authors: Cheng Xiaojun , Guo Bing , Hu Yinying 
Published: March 2022

AbstractJoint action is central to human nature, enabling individuals to coordinate in time and space to achieve a joint outcome. Such interaction typically involves two key elements: shared goal and action coordination. Yet, the substrates entrained to these two components in joint action remained unclear. In the current study, dyads performed two tasks involving both sharing goal and action coordination, i.e. complementary joint action and imitative joint action, a task only involving shared goal and a task only involving action coordination, while their brain activities were recorded by the functional near-infrared spectroscopy hyperscanning technique. The results showed that both complementary and imitative joint action (i.e. involving shared goal and action coordination) elicited better behavioral performance than the task only involving shared goal/action coordination. We observed that the interbrain synchronization (IBS) at the right inferior frontal cortex (IFC) entrained more to shared goal, while left-IFC IBS entrained more to action coordination. We also observed that the right-IFC IBS was greater during completing a complementary action than an imitative action. Our results suggest that IFC plays an important role in joint action, with distinct lateralization for the sub-components of joint action.
Women Who Break the Glass Ceiling Get a “Paper Cut”: Gender, Fame, and Media Sentiment
Authors: Shor Eran , van de Rijt Arnout , Kulkarni Vivek 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Past quantitative studies have shown that most media coverage is of men. Here we ask if the scarce coverage that women get is qualitatively different from that of men. We use computer-coded sentiment scores for 14 million person names covered in 1,323 newspapers to investigate the three-way relationship between gender, fame, and sentiment. Additional large-scale data on occupational categories allow us to compare women and men within the same profession and rank. We propose that as women’s fame increases their media coverage becomes negative more quickly when compared to men (a “paper cut”), because their violation of gender hierarchies and social expectations about typical feminine behavior evokes disproportionate scrutiny. We find that while overall media coverage is much more positive for women than for men, this difference disappears and even reverses at higher levels of fame. In encyclopedic sentiment data we find no biographic basis for women’s disproportionate decline in media coverage sentiment at high fame, consistent with the conjectured double standard in media discourse.
Development and Implementation of a Novel Case-Based Gun Violence Prevention Training Program for First-Year Residents
Authors: Rickert Charles G. , Felopulos Gretchen , Shoults Benjamin , Hathi Sejal , Scott-Vernaglia Shannon E. , Currier Paul , Masiakos Peter T. , Sacks Chana A. 
Published: March 2022

Problem
Gun violence results in approximately 40,000 deaths in the United States each year, yet physicians rarely discuss gun access and firearm safety with patients. Lack of education about how to have these conversations is an important barrier, particularly among trainees.

Approach
A 2-part training curriculum was developed for first-year residents. It included (1) a didactic presentation outlining a framework to understand types of firearm-related violence, describing institutional resources, and reviewing strategies for approaching discussions about firearms with patients, and (2) interactive case scenarios, adjusted for clinical disciplines, with standardized patients. Before and after the training, participants completed surveys on the training’s relevance, efficacy, and benefit. Standardized patients provided real-time feedback to participants and completed assessments based on prespecified learning objectives.

Outcomes
In June–August 2019, 148 first-year residents in internal medicine (n = 74), general surgery (n = 12), emergency medicine (n = 15), pediatrics (n = 22), psychiatry (n = 16), and OB/GYN (n = 9) completed the training. Most (70%, n = 104) reported having no prior exposure to gun violence prevention education. Knowledge about available resources increased among participants from 3% (n = 5) pretraining to 97% (n = 143) post-training. Awareness about relevant laws, such as Extreme Risk Protection Orders, and their appropriate use increased from 3% (n = 4) pretraining to 98% (n = 145) post-training. Comfort discussing access to guns and gun safety with patients increased from a median of 5 pretraining to 8 post-training (on a scale of 1–10, with higher scores indicating more comfort).

Next Steps
Delivery of a case-based gun violence prevention training program was effective and feasible in a single institution. Next steps include expanding the training to other learners (across undergraduate and graduate medical education) and institutions and assessing how the program changes practice over time.
A New Technique for Anterior Pelvic Ring Fixation Using a Minimally Invasive Approach
Authors: Qoreishy Mohamad , Alamian Aliasghar , Movahedinia Mohammad , Keyhani Sohrab 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
Percutaneous screw fixation have been introduced as a minimally invasive method in anterior pelvic ring fractures. The aim of the study is to present the outcomes of a new minimally invasive technique for fixation of anterior pelvic ring fractures medial to the pubic tubercle.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty-two patients were referred to our center during 5 years for the fixation of the anterior pelvic ring fracture under the new procedure. The fracture site was bridged using a 3-hole 3.5 mm reconstruction plate when 1 or 2 long retrograde screw was passed through the plate in the superior ramus.

Results:
A case of device failure was observed in the patient treated with the new method, which did not lead to loss of reduction and did not limit the patient’s activity. Apart from this, we did not have any abnormalities in the follow-up radiographs of the patients and no complications were reported.

Conclusion:
The results of this study showed the potential of our new method for fixation of various types of anterior pelvic ring injuries.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Tissue Expander–associated T Cells: Relevance to Breast Implant–associated Anaplastic Large-cell Lymphoma
Authors: Shiokawa Ichiro , Sato Takuya , Ogawa Youichi , Nagasaka Yuka , Ishikawa Aoha , Shimada Shinji , Kawamura Tatsuyoshi , Momosawa Akira 
Published: March 2022

Background:
The generation of breast implant–associated anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is closely associated with textured implants. The phenotype of BIA-ALCL cells is well examined, but its cell of origin remains unknown. Here we investigate what types of T cells are recruited and differentiated in the surrounding capsules and tissues as a consequence of continuous contact with a textured surface.

Methods:
Capsule and pericapsule tissues were recovered from patients who had textured or smooth tissue expanders (TEs). These samples were enzymatically digested, and T cells in the samples were analyzed using flow cytometry. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the same donors were utilized as a control.

Results:
Effector memory CD4+ T cells predominantly infiltrated capsules and tissues without apparent differences between textured and smooth TEs. In these effector memory CD4+ T cells, CD4+ resident memory T cells were generated by smooth TEs but not by textured TEs. However, TNFRSF8/CD30 mRNA expression is higher in the CD69− effector memory CD4+ T cells than in the CD69+ ones.

Conclusion:
Textured and smooth TEs differentially recruit and/or differentiate T cells in situ.