bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological stress and influencing factors of hospital workers in different periods under the public health background of infectious disease outbreak: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Miao Xing , Wang Wei , Chen Yongli , Huang Xiufang , Wang Rehua 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsIt is well known that public health emergencies can affect the mental health of medical personnel, and many studies have focused on cross‐sectional studies with short‐term benefits. The present study aimed to investigate the long‐term influence of infectious disease outbreak about the mental health of hospital staff.MethodsThe demographic characteristics and mental health status of staff in Fuzhou, China, were analyzed by using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD‐7) Scale and Depression Screening Scale (9‐item Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ‐9]) in February and December 2020.ResultsThere were no significant differences in anxiety levels during different time periods (p > 0.05), but there were significant differences among anxiety level and total score of GAD‐7 scale (p < 0.001). There were significant differences among the number of people with depression, depression level, and total score on the PHQ‐9 scale (p < 0.001). As the pandemic progressed, total scores of anxiety in medical staff with different titles decreased (p < 0.05), but depression scores in professionals with intermediate and senior titles increased significantly (p < 0.05). changes in anxiety and depression scores during different time periods also changed according to hospital worker specialty. Total scores of anxiety in doctors, nurses, medical technicians, and other staff members all decreased (p < 0.05), while total scores of depression in doctors, nurses, and other staff members significantly increased (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in total depression score among medical technicians (p > 0.05).ConclusionsSince the outbreak of an infectious disease public health emergency, the anxiety of hospital staff has decreased over time, but the depression has increased. The management and psychological support personnel in medical institutions should continue to pay attention to the mental health of medical staff, and it is necessary to take different intervention measures in different periods when implementing the psychological crisis prevention mechanism.
The future of insolvency law in a post‐pandemic world
Authors: Gurrea‐Martínez Aurelio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 crisis has encouraged many countries to amend their insolvency laws. In most cases, these amendments took place temporarily, especially during the hibernation phase of the pandemic. In other countries, however, the pandemic has led to permanent changes in their insolvency legislation. More importantly, the COVID‐19 crisis has accelerated the insolvency reforms that were already on the political agenda of many countries, and it has encouraged other jurisdictions to reassess the desirability of their insolvency and restructuring frameworks. This article analyses the current trends, reforms and policy discussions that are expected to reshape the future of insolvency law in a post‐pandemic world.
Deep learning and machine learning‐based early survival predictions of glioblastoma patients using pre‐operative three‐dimensional brain magnetic resonance imaging modalities
Authors: Kaur Gurinderjeet , Rana Prashant Singh , Arora Vinay 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo propose and implement an automated machine learning (ML) based methodology to predict the overall survival of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients. In the proposed methodology, we used deep learning (DL) based 3D U‐shaped Convolutional Neural Network inspired encoder‐decoder architecture to segment the brain tumor. Further, feature extraction was performed on these segmented and raw magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans using a pre‐trained 2D residual neural network. The dimension‐reduced principal components were integrated with clinical data and the handcrafted features of tumor subregions to compare the performance of regression‐based automated ML techniques. Through the proposed methodology, we achieved the mean squared error (MSE) of 87 067.328, median squared error of 30 915.66, and a SpearmanR correlation of 0.326 for survival prediction (SP) with the validation set of Multimodal Brain Tumor Segmentation 2020 dataset. These results made the MSE far better than the existing automated techniques for the same patients. Automated SP of GBM patients is a crucial topic with its relevance in clinical use. The results proved that DL‐based feature extraction using 2D pre‐trained networks is better than many heavily trained 3D and 2D prediction models from scratch. The ensembled approach has produced better results than single models. The most crucial feature affecting GBM patients' survival is the patient's age, as per the feature importance plots presented in this work. The most critical MRI modality for SP of GBM patients is the T2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery, as evident from the feature importance plots.
Efficacy and safety of a novel anti‐reflux metal stent during neoadjuvant chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer: A prospective multicenter exploratory study
Authors: Hinokuchi Makoto , Hashimoto Shinichi , Kojima Issei , Nakamura Yoshitaka , Fujita Toshihiro , Iwashita Yuji , Arima Shiho , Tanoue Shiroh , Ohtsuka Takao , Ido Akio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground/PurposeThe benefits of anti‐reflux metal stents, used for treating biliary obstruction in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for pancreatic cancer, are yet unknown. Herein, the safety and efficacy of the novel duckbill‐type anti‐reflux metal stent (D‐ARMS) were prospectively evaluated for biliary drainage. Additionally, the incidence of recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO) after placement of D‐ARMS vs conventional covered self‐expandable metal stents (CCSEMSs) was retrospectively compared.MethodsPatients who received D‐ARMS (n = 33) for treatment of distal biliary obstruction before NAC between September 2019 and January 2021 and those that received CCSEMSs (n = 38) between January 2013 and August 2019 were included in the historical control group. Technical and clinical successes, rate of RBO, and cumulative incidence of RBO were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe technical success rate was 100% for both the D‐ARMS and CCSEMS groups, and the clinical success rate were not significantly different (93.9% and 89.5%, respectively; P = .68). In the multivariate analysis, D‐ARMS was identified as the independent factor for cumulative incidence of RBO (P = .03). The cumulative incidence of RBO was significantly lower in the D‐ARMS group than that in the CCSEMS group (P = .04).ConclusionsD‐ARMS is safe and effective for patients receiving NAC.
Towards values‐based healthcare for inherited metabolic disorders: An overview of current practices for persons with liver glycogen storage disease and fatty acid oxidation disorders
Authors: Venema Annieke , Peeks Fabian , Rossi Alessandro , Jager Emmalie A. , Derks Terry G. J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractValue‐based healthcare (VBHC) intends to achieve better outcomes for patients, to improve quality of patient care, with reduced costs. Four dimensions define a model of intimately related value‐pillars: personal value, allocative value, technical value, and societal value. VBHC is mostly applied in common diseases, and there are fundamental challenges in applying VBHC strategies to low volume, high complex healthcare situations, such as rare diseases, including inherited metabolic disorders. This article summarizes current practices at various academical domains (i.e., research, healthcare, education, and training) that (aim to) increase values at various value‐pillars for persons with liver glycogen storage diseases or fatty acid oxidation disorders and their families. Future perspectives may include facilitating virtual networks to function as integrated practice units, improving measurement of outcomes, and creating information technology platforms to overcome the ethical, legal, societal, and technical challenges of data sharing for healthcare and research purposes.
Spatial and temporal characteristics of near‐surface air temperature across local climate zones in a tropical city
Authors: Roth Matthias , Sanchez Beatriz , Li Reuben , Velasco Erik 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe present study examines the temporal and spatial variability of near‐surface air temperature and the canopy layer urban heat island (UHI) in Singapore. Observations collected at 20 locations across the island city‐state and during 6 years make this one of the most extensive studies carried out in a tropical city. Local climate zones (LCZs), defined as urban built and rural land cover types which produce a unique air temperature response, are used to standardize intersite comparison. The results show that the choice of the rural reference can affect the night‐time UHI magnitude by up to 2°C under “ideal” (dry, clear, calm) conditions. The most frequently observed median UHI magnitude increases from 2.8 during all‐weather to 3.7°C during “ideal” conditions, respectively. A seasonality is present with lowest (highest) mean all‐weather values of ~2.0°C (~3.3°C), observed during the wet (dry) December–January (April–October) period. Mean night‐time UHI intensity across seven built‐type LCZs ranges between 1.8 and 3.5°C (2.5 and 4.3°C) for all‐weather (“ideal”) conditions. Corresponding daily values are 1.1–2.3°C (1.5–2.7°C). The lowest (highest) night‐time magnitudes are associated with open low‐rise LCZ 6 (compact high‐rise LCZ 1) built type. In the middle of the day LCZ 1 can experience a cool island effect. The average UHI values presented here give an indication of the extra warmth experienced in the built‐up spaces of Singapore relative to one possible rural reference land cover type (scattered trees LCZ B). Highest daytime heat exposure is observed in LCZs 3 and 8 which are characterized by low building heights, high impervious surface fraction and lack of vegetation. The present results can be used to support the development and evaluation of urban climate models, develop urban planning policies and improve local weather forecasts and the delivery of integrated urban services.
Fusobacterium nucleatum aggravates ulcerative colitis through promoting gut microbiota dysbiosis and dysmetabolism
Authors: Lin Shulan , Zhang Xiaoyue , Zhu Xuanzhi , Jiao Junwei , Wu Yafei , Li Yan , Zhao Lei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe correlation between periodontitis and ulcerative colitis (UC) has drawn widespread attention recently. Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) as a periodontal pathogen also has reservoirs in gut and may play a role in intestinal diseases. However, its role in the pathogenesis of UC is unclear.MethodsMice were orally given dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) solution and F. nucleatum to construct experimental models. The survival rate, weight, and disease activity index (DAI) of mice were monitored. Alveolar bone loss, abundance of F. nucleatum in colon, colon length, histopathological assessment, and inflammatory cytokines were detected. Apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) were evaluated by TUNEL assay and pro‐apoptotic gene Bax. The epithelial barrier function was assessed by tight junction proteins. By 16S rRNA gene sequencing and LC‐MS‐based methods, the composition of the intestinal microbiota and metabolites in mice were analyzed.ResultsF. nucleatum facilitated alveolar bone loss and colonized only in infected colon tissue. Mice fed with DSS showed destruction of gut structure, increased expressions of interleukin one‐beta (IL‐1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), decreased expression of IL‐10, higher apoptosis of IECs, microbiota dysbiosis and bile acid dysmetabolism compared to healthy ones. F. nucleatum further aggravated intestinal inflammation and epithelial barrier damage. Probiotics such as Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium decreased, opportunistic pathogens Escherichia‐Shigella increased and the differential microorganisms highly associated with inflammatory parameters and metabolites. Meanwhile, level of uric acid involving in the purine metabolism significantly elevated compared to UC mice.ConclusionsF. nucleatum promotes gut inflammation, epithelial barrier dysfunction, microbiota dysbiosis and dysmetabolism to aggravate UC.
Diagnostic value and prognostic significance of MRI findings in sudden sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Todic Jelena , Guinand Nils , Lenoir Vincent , Senn Pascal , Becker Minerva 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeWe evaluated the clinical significance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and their prognostic value for initial hearing loss and recovery in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL).Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study included consecutive adult patients with unilateral SSNHL, contrast‐enhanced MRI and audiometric testing evaluated in our institution between 2005 and 2017. MRI reports, patient data, treatment, and audiometric tests were reviewed, with the relationship between MRI findings and hearing loss/recovery analyzed.ResultsOverall, 266 patients were included. Additional symptoms comprised tinnitus (114/266; 43%), vertigo (45/266; 17%), ear pain (26/266; 10%), and ear pressure (6/266; 2%). At least one cardiovascular risk factor (hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, cardiopathy, and active smoking) existed in 167/266 (63%) patients. Corticosteroid treatment was followed by 198/266 (74%) patients while contraindications/refusal/compliance precluded treatment in 68/266(26%). Complete, partial or slight hearing recovery occurred in 167/266 (63%) patients. Three MRI patient groups were identified: a group with normal MRI examinations or incidentalomas (128/266; 48%), a group with peripheral auditory system (PAS) lesions (95/266; 36%), and a group with central nervous system (CNS) lesions (43/266; 16%). PAS lesions included lesions from the cochlea to the brain stem (e.g., schwannoma, meningioma, labyrinthitis, intracochlear hemorrhage, vestibulocochlear neuritis), whereas CNS lesions corresponded in 42/43(98%) of cases to leukoaraiosis and other vascular lesions (e.g., stroke, hemorrhage, aneurysm, venous sinus thrombosis, and cavernoma). Belonging to one of the three MRI groups did not influence the degree of initial hearing loss, affected frequencies or treatment, p > .05. Gender and cardiovascular risk factors did neither affect initial hearing loss nor recovery. However, age > 70 years negatively affected initial hearing loss in all frequencies, as well as recovery in all frequencies except 1000 Hz. Also, poor recovery of initial high‐frequency hearing loss (>1000 Hz) was significantly associated with CNS lesions.ConclusionAge > 70 years and CNS lesions depicted by MRI independently predicted poor auditory recovery, albeit in different frequencies.Lay SummaryIn patients with sudden hearing loss, older age (above 70 years) predicts poorer hearing recovery than in younger patients in most hearing frequencies. In addition, abnormalities of brain tissue revealed by MRI predict poorer hearing recovery at high frequencies.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Climate warming restructures seasonal dynamics of grassland soil microbial communities
Authors: Guo Xue , Yuan Mengting , Lei Jiesi , Shi Zhou , Zhou Xishu , Li Jiabao , Deng Ye , Yang Yunfeng , Wu Liyou , Luo Yiqi , Tiedje James M. , Zhou Jizhong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSoil microbial community's responses to climate warming alter the global carbon cycle. In temperate ecosystems, soil microbial communities function along seasonal cycles. However, little is known about how the responses of soil microbial communities to warming vary when the season changes. In this study, we investigated the seasonal dynamics of soil bacterial community under experimental warming in a temperate tall‐grass prairie ecosystem. Our results showed that warming significantly (p = 0.001) shifted community structure, such that the differences of microbial communities between warming and control plots increased nonlinearly (R2 = 0.578, p = 0.021) from spring to winter. Also, warming significantly (p < 0.050) increased microbial network complexity and robustness, especially during the colder seasons, despite large variations in network size and complexity in different seasons. In addition, the relative importance of stochastic processes in shaping the microbial community decreased by warming in fall and winter but not in spring and summer. Our study indicates that climate warming restructures the seasonal dynamics of soil microbial community in a temperate ecosystem. Such seasonality of microbial responses to warming may enlarge over time and could have significant impacts on the terrestrial carbon cycle.
Mid‐infrared dissolved CO2 measurement system using the ultra‐compact multipass cell
Authors: Chen Hongda , Chen Chen , Dong Weihao , Li Yongyang , Zhang Mengru 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo measure natural gas hydrate, a mid‐infrared dissolved CO2 measurement system is designed using the tunable diode laser spectroscopy with ultra‐compact multipass cell. The QCL laser of 4319 nm has a scanning range from 2315.05 to 2315.40 cm−1, which contains 12CO2 and 13CO2 for isotope measurement and wide range of concentration detection. The optimized 3f + 1f wavelength modulation method reduces the limit of detection to 7.1 ppbv. An ultra‐compact multi‐pass cell with effective optical path length of 6.3 m and small volume of 15 ml is designed to achieve the system response time of 40 s. The dissolved CO2 sensing system has been used in deep sea natural gas hydrate detection.
A fast and efficient method for permittivity measurement of thin‐film material
Authors: Qiu Tiancheng , Han Kangkang , Wei Gao , Lei Siyuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA fast and efficient method is proposed in this letter to characterize the dielectric permittivity of thin‐film materials. The measuring system is based on a TE103 rectangular split‐cavity resonator operating at around 10 GHz, which has the advantage of providing nondestructive measurements while maintaining a high level of accuracy. The thin‐film materials under test can be directly inserted in the split without being processed in a specific shape. Different dielectric materials are tested using this method. And the theoretical derivations and experimental measurements have been performed to confirm the validity and effectiveness of this approach.
Are effort‐based decision‐making tasks worth the effort?—A study on the associations between effort‐based decision‐making tasks and self‐report measures
Authors: Renz Katharina E. , Schlier Björn , Lincoln Tania M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesAmotivation is a common symptom in various mental disorders, including psychotic or depressive disorders. Effort‐based decision‐making (EBDM)‐tasks quantifying amotivation at a behavioral level have been on the rise. Task performance has been shown to differentiate patient groups from healthy controls. However, findings on indicators of construct validity, such as the correlations between different tasks and between tasks and self‐reported/observer‐rated amotivation in clinical and healthy samples have been inconclusive.MethodsIn a representative community sample (N = 90), we tested the construct validity of the Deck Choice Task, the Expenditure for Rewards Task and the Balloon Task. We calculated correlations between the EBDM‐tasks and between the EBDM‐tasks and self‐reported amotivation, apathy, anticipatory pleasure, and BIS/BAS.ResultsCorrelations between tasks were low to moderate (0.198 ≤ r ≤ 0.358), with the Balloon Task showing the largest correlations with the other tasks, but no significant correlations between any EBDM‐task and the self‐report measures.ConclusionAlthough different EBDM‐tasks are conceptualized to measure the same construct, a large part of what each task measures could not be accounted for by the other tasks. Moreover, the tasks did not appear to substantially capture what was measured in established self‐report instruments for amotivation in our sample, which could be interpreted as questioning the construct validity of EBDM‐tasks.
Homogenization of discrete diffusion models by asymptotic expansion
Authors: Eliáš Jan , Yin Hao , Cusatis Gianluca 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDiffusion behaviors of heterogeneous materials are of paramount importance in many engineering problems. Numerical models that take into account the internal structure of such materials are robust but computationally very expensive. This burden can be partially decreased by using discrete models, however even then the practical application is limited to relatively small material volumes. This paper formulates a homogenization scheme for discrete diffusion models. Asymptotic expansion homogenization is applied to distinguish between (i) the continuous macroscale description approximated by the standard finite element method and (ii) the fully resolved discrete mesoscale description in a local representative volume element (RVE) of material. Both transient and steady‐state variants with nonlinear constitutive relations are discussed. In all the cases, the resulting discrete RVE problem becomes a simple linear steady‐state problem that can be easily pre‐computed. The scale separation provides a significant reduction of computational time allowing the solution of practical problems with a negligible error introduced mainly by the finite element discretization at the macroscale.
Hydraulic fracturing analysis in fluid‐saturated porous medium
Authors: Chen Lin , Fathi Farshid , de Borst Rene 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper addresses fluid‐driven crack propagation in a porous medium. Cohesive interface elements are employed to model the behaviour of the crack. To simulate hydraulic fracturing, a fluid pressure degree of freedom is introduced inside the crack, separate from the fluid degrees of freedom in the bulk. Powell‐Sabin B‐splines, which are based on triangles, are employed to describe the geometry of the domain and to interpolate the field variables: displacements and interstitial fluid pressure. Due to their ‐continuity, the stress and pressure gradient are smooth throughout the whole domain, enabling a direct assessment of the fracture criterion at the crack tip and ensuring local mass conservation. Due to the use of triangles, crack insertion and remeshing are straightforward and can be done directly in the physical domain. During remeshing a mapping of the state vector (displacement and interstitial fluid pressure) is required. For this, a new methodology is exploited based on a least‐square fit with the energy balance and mass conservation as constraints. The accuracy to model free crack propagation is demonstrated by two numerical examples, including crack propagation in a plate with two notches.