bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of the trend of incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Kerman province 2014-2020 and forecasting until 2023. A time series study
Authors: Afshar Parya Jangipour , Bahrampour Abbas , Shahesmaeili Armita 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionCutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is currently a health problem in several parts of Iran, particularly Kerman. This study was conducted to determine the incidence and trend of CL in Kerman during 2014–2020 and its forecast up to 2023. The effects of meteorological variables on incidence was also evaluated.Materials and methods4993 definite cases of CL recorded from January 2014 to December 2020 by the Vice-Chancellor for Health at Kerman University of Medical Sciences were entered. Meteorological variables were obtained from the national meteorological site. The time series SARIMA methods were used to evaluate the effects of meteorological variables on CL.ResultsMonthly rainfall at the lag 0 (β = -0.507, 95% confidence interval:-0.955,-0.058) and monthly sunny hours at the lag 0 (β = -0.214, 95% confidence interval:-0.308,-0.119) negatively associated with the incidence of CL. Based on the Akaike information criterion (AIC) the multivariable model (AIC = 613) was more suitable than univariable model (AIC = 690.66) to estimate the trend and forecast the incidence up to 36 months.ConclusionThe decreasing pattern of CL in Kerman province highlights the success of preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic interventions during the recent years. However, due to endemicity of disease, extension and continuation of such interventions especially before and during the time periods with higher incidence is essential.
Outcome of adult cardiac surgery following COVID-19 infection in unvaccinated population in a national tertiary centre
Authors: Ismail Nur Aziah , Jaapar Ahmad Nazrin , Yunus Alwi Mohamed , Sanusi Abdul Rais , Taib Mohamed Ezani , Yakub Mohd Azhari 
Published: April 2022

Background
Ever since COVID-19 was declared a pandemic, the world medical landscape has changed dramatically. As cardiac surgeons we not only have the duty to protect our patients and staff from COVID-19 infection, but we are also tasked with the responsibility to ensure those cardiovascular patients awaiting surgery are not harmed from an extended delay in surgery as the world comes to a halt from COVID-19. Currently there is limited literature on the outcome of cardiac surgery in the pre-operative Covid positive group. In this study we aim to assess the safety and outcome of patients undergoing cardiac surgery following Covid-19 infection.

Patients and methods
This was a single centre retrospective observational study. All patients undergoing open heart surgery at Institut Jantung Negara from June 2020 to July 2021 were included in this study. Patients who were Covid positive pre-operatively were identified. Data from patient medical records collected contemporaneously were reviewed and analysed, supplemented by telephone call interviews after discharge.

Results
2368 patients underwent open heart surgery from June 2020 until July 2021 in our centre. Of these, 0.5% (12 patients) were identified as Covid positive pre-operatively. Mean age of patients were 59.1 ± 14.8 years old. Mean Ejection Fraction was 46.4 ± 12.9. Most patients (75%) were asymptomatic with covid infection and only one patient were admitted to hospital for Covid infection. Mean duration from Covid PCR positive swab to surgery were 46.3 ± 32.7days. Most of the patients (66.7%) underwent operation on an emergency or urgent basis. Median time to extubation was 1 day. Median ICU length of stay was 1 day. 25% patients required non-invasive ventilation post-operatively and one patient was discharged home on long term oxygen therapy. There were 2 deaths- none of which were covid related mortality.

Conclusion
Cardiac surgery could be performed safely in patients with pre-operative Covid-19 infection after a period of recovery, especially in the asymptomatic to mild category of infection. Multi-disciplinary team approach may be useful in deciding the timing of surgery for complex cases.
How, when, and why do inter-organisational collaborations in healthcare work? A realist evaluation
Authors: Aunger Justin Avery , Millar Ross , Rafferty Anne Marie , Mannion Russell , Greenhalgh Joanne , Faulks Deborah , McLeod Hugh 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundInter-organisational collaborations (IOCs) in healthcare have been viewed as an effective approach to performance improvement. However, there remain gaps in our understanding ofwhathelps IOCs function, as well ashowandwhycontextual elements affect their implementation. A realist review of evidence drawing on 86 sources has sought to elicit and refine context-mechanism-outcome configurations (CMOCs) to understand and refine these phenomena, yet further understanding can be gained from interviewing those involved in developing IOCs.MethodsWe used a realist evaluation methodology, adopting prior realist synthesis findings as a theoretical framework that we sought to refine. We drew on 32 interviews taking place between January 2020 and May 2021 with 29 stakeholders comprising IOC case studies, service users, as well as regulatory perspectives in England. Using a retroductive analysis approach, we aimed to test CMOCs against these data to explore whether previously identified mechanisms, CMOCs, and causal links between them were affirmed, refuted, or revised, and refine our explanations of how and why interorganisational collaborations are successful.ResultsMost of our prior CMOCs and their underlying mechanisms were supported in the interview findings with a diverse range of evidence. Leadership behaviours, including showing vulnerability and persuasiveness, acted to shape the core mechanisms of collaborative functioning. These included our prior mechanisms of trust, faith, and confidence, which were largely ratified with minor refinements. Action statements were formulated, translating theoretical findings into practical guidance.ConclusionAs the fifth stage in a larger project, our refined theory provides a comprehensive understanding of the causal chain leading to effective collaborative inter-organisational relationships. These findings and recommendations can support implementation of IOCs in the UK and elsewhere. Future research should translate these findings into further practical guidance for implementers, researchers, and policymakers.
Association between self-care disability and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and elderly Chinese people
Authors: Mu Ting-Yu , Xu Ri-Xiang , Xu Jia-Yi , Dong Die , Zhou Zhi-Nan , Dai Jia-Ning , Shen Cui-Zhen 
Published: April 2022

Objective
In the context of an increased focus on geriatric depression in recent years, this study examined the associations between different types of self-care disability, the number of self-care disabilities, and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and elderly Chinese people.

Method
The data for this study were extracted from the follow-up survey (conducted in 2018) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The sample comprised 10808 participants aged 45 years and older. The Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CESD-10) Scale were used to assess self-care disability and depressive symptoms, respectively.

Result
The prevalence of depressive symptoms and self-care disability among the surveyed residents was 45.1% and 23.4%, respectively. Overall, there was a significant positive association between self-care disability and depressive symptoms. Participants who reported having a self-care disability in relation dressing, bathing, transferring in and out of bed, using the toilet, and controlling urination and defecation were found to have a significantly higher risk of depressive symptoms. In addition, participants with a greater cumulative quantity of self-care disabilities had a higher risk of depressive symptoms, and higher CESD-10 scores.

Conclusion
Self-care disability is a risk factor for depressive symptoms among middle-aged and elderly Chinese people. A positive correlation between the number of self-care disabilities and the risk of depressive symptoms was found.
Recent Studies on Degradation Mechanism of Rubber Vulcanizates by Chemorheology
Authors: Murakami K. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A critical discussion is presented of the influence of chemical degradation mechanisms on the mechanical properties, especially stress relaxation, of vulcanized rubber. The response of the vulcanizate is interpreted in terms of the kinetic theory of rubber elasticity. Different chemical mechanisms are explored. The influence of diluent is interpreted in terms of the kinetic theory of rubber elasticity. Different chemical mechanisms are explored. The influence of diluent is considered. Comparisons are made to experiments on polyisoprenes and polyurethanes.
Idealismus, „neuer“ Realismus und die Anfänge der analytischen Philosophie in den Vereinigten Staaten
Authors: Neuber Matthias 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Analytic philosophy in the United States emerged parallel to the demise of idealism. During the second half of the nineteenth century, Josiah Royce had contributed importantly to the predominance of idealist systems and corresponding academic groups. With the rise of pragmatism and new realism, the situation changed dramatically: the idealist movement lost momentum and realism began to dominate the discourse. The present paper argues that the critiques of idealism put forward by the realists during the first two decades of the twentieth century were instrumental to the emergence of analytic philosophy in the United States. As I will explain, Ralph Barton Perry (1876–1957) was the key figure in the underinvestigated genesis of this movement.
Linking citizens’ anti-immigration attitudes to their digital user engagement and voting behavior
Authors: De Coninck David , Boomgaarden Hajo G. , Buiter Anne Maria (Annabel) , d’Haenens Leen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Societally salient issues, like migration, stimulate user engagement with political parties on social media. This user engagement, in turn, is associated with political behavior, such as voting. Nonetheless, few studies so far have investigated the interaction between these factors. We examine how anti-immigration attitudes are associated with user engagement with political parties on social media. In this study, user engagement is understood as following political parties on social media. Through online data that were collected in October 2019 among adults (N= 1,000) in Belgium, we investigate how attitudes and user engagement are associated with voting behavior. Results suggest that attitudes towards migration are associated with user engagement with both left and right-wing parties on social media. Moreover, these attitudes and user engagement – and the interaction between the two – are related to voting behavior: being against (being in favor of) migration and following right-wing (left-wing) parties on social media is associated with a higher likelihood of voting for a right-wing (left-wing) party.
Serum 25(OH) vitamin D level in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis and clinically isolated syndrome groups
Authors: Küçük Ahmet , Bir Levent Sinan , Tekin Selma , Demir Süleyman 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Vitamin D is an important regulator of the immune system, and it has been shown that deficiency of vitamin D is significant environmental factor in some immune-mediated diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS). In this study, we have compared serum 25 hydroxyvitamin (OH) D levels in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS), clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), and control groups.

Methods
Forty patients with CIS and 60 patients who have been diagnosed RRMS between age 18–45, respectively, and followed up at Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, and 60 healthy individuals have been included in this study. Serum 25(OH) vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, parathormone, insulin, and fasting blood glucose levels were studied for all three groups.

Results
A statistically significant difference was determined in the comparison of three groups for mean 25(OH) vitamin D levels. In the intergroup comparison of mean 25(OH) vitamin D; mean 25(OH) vitamin D level was determined to be statistically significantly lower in both RRMS and CIS groups compared to control group (p<0.05).

Conclusions
Since vitamin D deficiency poses a problem from the early stage of disease spectrum in both CIS patients and MS patients, 25(OH) vitamin D level should be routinely controlled, and replacement should be administered upon any deficiency state.
An update of the mutation spectrum of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene in the population of Turkey
Authors: Ozturk Fatma Nihal , Akin Duman Tugba 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive disorder of phenylalanine metabolism, mostly caused by PAH gene variants. The aim of this study was to identify the frequency of PAH gene variants in Turkish population with PKU. In 433 patients with PKU, PAH gene was examined using next generation sequencing (NGS) method. IVS10- 11G>A, p.R261Q, p.A300S, p.A403V, and p.T380 variants, which are the most common variants in this study, constituted 45,9% of the variants in our study. Nine novel variants p.A34V, K73Qfs*4, R157H, R261S, p.T266I, p.S310P, T328A, p.F351I, and K363N were identified. This study determines the most common PAH variants in Turkey and shows that PKU can be screened before marriage with the screening kits. Identification of the PAH gene variant spectrum is important for early diagnosis, understanding molecular mechanisms, clinical follow-up, treatment, and genetic counseling. And the novel variants found this study are important for further studies.
Applikationsorientierte Optimierung von Technologieentwicklungspfaden
Authors: Trapp Stefan , Warschat Joachim 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Die applikationsorientierte Planung der Technologieentwicklung in Form eines Entwicklungspfades ist für Technologieunternehmen und anwendungsnahe Forschungseinrichtungen von großer Bedeutung. Eine intuitiv gewählte Abfolge von Realisierungsprojekten wird dem Problem bei der typischerweise mehrperiodischen Betrachtung sowie der Vielzahl von Leistungsparametern und möglichen Applikationen oft nicht gerecht. In diesem Beitrag wird ein in der Literatur bereits verfügbares Entscheidungsmodell aufgegriffen, kritisch analysiert, verbessert und um einen Optimierungsansatz ergänzt. Schließlich wird die Anwendbarkeit mit einem Software-Prototyp gezeigt.
Bewertung von Automatisierungslösungen im Büro
Authors: Axmann Bernhard , Fariwar Fassih , Harmoko Harmoko 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Bei RPA (Robotic Pocess Automation) handelt es sich um eine Technologie zur Automatisierung von Abläufen im Büro. Derzeit gibt es kaum wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichungen zur Rentabilität von RPA-Projekten und keine speziellen Richtlinien für die Definition von Kostenkomponenten. Um diese Lücke zu schließen, wurde von Axmann et al. [1] eine Methode auf der Basis einer Literaturrecherche entwickelt, die bei ersten einfachen RPA-Projekten einen geringen Aufwand in der Bewertung hat und dann bei komplexeren Projekten erweitert werden kann. In dieser Arbeit wird diese Methode an realen einfachen Anwendungsfällen aus der Praxis im Detail verifiziert. Außerdem werden für diese Anwendungsfälle die Prozessgeschwindigkeit, die Prozessgenauigkeit und die Zeit bis zur Amortisation angegeben, um die Transparenz zur Leistungsfähigkeit von RPA-Lösungen zu erhöhen.
Hochgeschwindigkeits-Fräsbearbeitung durch variabelaxiale FKV-Leichtbauweise
Authors: Klotzsche Marlon , Mixner Marcus , Kochan Detlef 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Im Gegensatz zu klassischen Anwendungsfeldern der Automobil-, Luft- und Raumfahrtindustrie kommt dem Leichtbau im Bereich des Maschinen- und Anlagenbaus bisher eine untergeordnete Position zu. Demgegenüber stehen hervorragende Materialeigenschaften der Faserkunststoffverbunde als Wandlungstreiber. Unter Anwendung des Tailored Fiber Placement (TFP) werden neuartige Bauweisen realisierbar, die eine Beherrschung der hohen physikalischen Anforderungen von Hochgeschwindigkeitswerkzeugmaschinen bei drastisch reduzierten Bauteilmassen zulassen.
Robust Coding of Eye Position in Posterior Parietal Cortex despite Context-Dependent Tuning
Authors: McFadyen Jamie R. , Heider Barbara , Karkhanis Anushree N. , Cloherty Shaun L. , Muñoz Fabian , Siegel Ralph M. , Morris Adam P. 
Published: April 2022

Neurons in posterior parietal cortex (PPC) encode many aspects of the sensory world (e.g., scene structure), the posture of the body, and plans for action. For a downstream computation, however, only some of these dimensions are relevant; the rest are “nuisance variables” because their influence on neural activity changes with sensory and behavioral context, potentially corrupting the read-out of relevant information. Here we show that a key postural variable for vision (eye position) is represented robustly in male macaque PPC across a range of contexts, although the tuning of single neurons depended strongly on context. Contexts were defined by different stages of a visually guided reaching task, including (1) a visually sparse epoch, (2) a visually rich epoch, (3) a “go” epoch in which the reach was cued, and (4) during the reach itself. Eye position was constant within trials but varied across trials in a 3 × 3 grid spanning 24° × 24°. Using demixed principal component analysis of neural spike-counts, we found that the subspace of the population response encoding eye position is orthogonal to that encoding task context. Accordingly, a context-naive (fixed-parameter) decoder was nevertheless able to estimate eye position reliably across contexts. Errors were small given the sample size (∼1.78°) and would likely be even smaller with larger populations. Moreover, they were comparable to that of decoders that were optimized for each context. Our results suggest that population codes in PPC shield encoded signals from crosstalk to support robust sensorimotor transformations across contexts.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeurons in posterior parietal cortex (PPC) which are sensitive to gaze direction are thought to play a key role in spatial perception and behavior (e.g., reaching, navigation), and provide a potential substrate for brain-controlled prosthetics. Many, however, change their tuning under different sensory and behavioral contexts, raising the prospect that they provide unreliable representations of egocentric space. Here, we analyze the structure of encoding dimensions for gaze direction and context in PPC during different stages of a visually guided reaching task. We use demixed dimensionality reduction and decoding techniques to show that the coding of gaze direction in PPC is mostly invariant to context. This suggests that PPC can provide reliable spatial information across sensory and behavioral contexts.
Antimicrobial and therapeutic effect of probiotics in cases of experimental purulent wounds
Authors: Babenko L. P. , Tymoshok N. O. , Safronova L. A. , Demchenko O. M. , Zaitseva G. M. , Lazarenko L. M. , Spivak M. J. 
Published: April 2022

Probiotics based on bacteria of the genus Bacillus with a multifactorial mechanism of action are considered as a possible alternative to antibiotics in the treatment of purulent wounds. The aim of the study was to determine the antimicrobial and therapeutic effect of the Arederma probiotic preparation containing probiotic strains of the genus Bacillus in an experimental model of a purulent wound in animals. The antimicrobial efficacy of the probiotic against test strains and clinical isolates of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms was studied using the method of delayed antagonism. Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Streptococcus pyogenes K-7 were used to model a purulent wound. From the surface of the wounds, bacteria of Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas genera and Enterobacteriaceae family were sown on appropriate selective media for the cultivation and enumeration of different groups of microorganisms by generally accepted microbiological research methods. The formation of a purulent wound in rabbits caused by mechanical skin damage and subsequent double infection with Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Streptococcus pyogenes K-7 strains was accompanied with a pronounced inflammatory process, necrosis, the formation of purulent exudate and general intoxication. Representatives of the genera Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, microscopic fungi and, to a lesser extent, members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas were found on the surface of purulent wounds, which confirmed the development of the infectious-inflammatory process. Treatment of purulent wounds with a suspension of probiotic preparation once a day for 4 days led to their faster healing (gradual attenuation of the inflammatory process, reduction of edema and discharge, as well as their disappearance) compared with untreated purulent wounds (control). Representatives of the Staphylococcus and Streptococcus genera, as well as microscopic fungi, presented in purulent wounds treated with probiotic preparation in much smaller numbers than in the control, and bacteria of the Pseudomonas genus and the Enterobacteriaceae family were not detected at all. The effective antimicrobial effect of this probiotic preparation against opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms was confirmed by in vitro studies. Therefore, the Arederma probiotic preparation showed an effective therapeutic and antimicrobial effect in the experimental model of a purulent wound in animals, so it can be recommended for further preclinical and clinical studies.
Phytochemical profiles, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Actinidia polygama and A. arguta fruits and leaves
Authors: Khromykh N. O. , Lykholat Y. V. , Didur O. O. , Sklyar T. V. , Davydov V. R. , Lavrentievа K. V. , Lykholat T. Y. 
Published: April 2022

Plants of two species of Actinidia genus grown in an adverse steppe climate were examined in terms of secondary metabolites’ accumulation, antioxidant potential, and antimicrobial ability. The aim of the work was to reveal whether the introduced plants A. arguta and A. polygama retain their well-known health benefits. Total content of polyphenols (549.2 and 428.1 mg GAE/100 g FW, respectively), flavonoids, and phenolic acids as well as total antioxidant activity and reducing power of the fruit isopropanol extracts were found to be equal or even higher than the reported data on kiwifruit varieties cultivated in China and other regions. Antioxidant potential and phenolic compounds’ content in the fruit peel of both species were higher when compared to pulp, while corresponding indices of leaves exceeded those of the fruit. Disc-diffusion assays showed low to moderate antibacterial activity of A. arguta and A. polygama fruit and leaf extracts against collection Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains. Clinical strains of P. aeruginosa and E. coli resistant to the action of ofloxacin were notably inhibited by A. arguta and A. polygama fruit and leaf crude extracts. Inhibiting effects of plant extracts on clinical strains of K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii were comparable with the effect of ofloxacin. GC-MS assays identified 23 and 36 chemical constituents, respectively in A. arguta and A. polygama fruit isopropanol extracts. The main compounds in both extracts were 2-propenoic acid, pentadecyl ester followed by squalene, 7,9-di-tert-butyl-1-oxaspiro(4,5)deca-6,9-dien-2,8-dione, octadecanoic acid, 2-oxo-methyl ester, ethyl-isoallocholate, and phytol having known bioactivities. Our findings confirmed the preservation of useful properties by the introduced plants and also indicated the rich health-promoting abilities and expedience of cultivating A. arguta and A. polygama in a steppe climate.