bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thrombocytopaenia in antiphospholipid syndrome: a free radical perspective
Authors: Ames Paul R J , Bucci Tommaso , Merashli Mira , Arcaro Alessia , Gentile Fabrizio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThrombosis associated with thrombocytopaenia is an apparent paradox that is present across a wide spectrum of disorders. While thrombocytopaenia has been a controversial clinical classification criterion for APS, as initial reports failed to demonstrate a relation between low platelet count with other clinical or laboratory manifestations of the syndrome, recent data highlight the association between mild–moderate thrombocytopaenia and the risk of thrombosis. Although aPL antibodies may induce platelet activation in vitro, additional stimuli may contribute to their activation in vivo, among which are reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and lipid peroxidation products, which are elevated in patients with APS; an excess of the same stimuli may induce megakaryocyte and platelet apoptosis that leads to decreased platelet production and increased destruction, resulting ultimately in thrombocytopaenia. Herein we provide a novel plausible framework involving free radicals that could add to the understanding of the thrombocytopaenia–thrombosis paradox in APS.
Making Parenting Leave Accessible to Fathers: Political Actors and New Social Rights, 1965–2016
Authors: Engeman Cassandra 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In recent decades, governments have created and expanded paid leave rights for fathers, but policies have developed along different timelines and trajectories. Using event history methods, this research investigates the timing of fathers’ leave rights adoption across twenty-two countries from 1965 to 2016. With a focus on “first laws,” the findings support explanations of family policy development that emphasize political actors. Specifically, results suggest leftist parties and institutions are important for the adoption of nontransferable leave, a hallmark of gender egalitarian family policy models. However, new leave rights-adoption is sensitive to incremental increases in confessional-right party power, indicating possible negotiations between partisan actors. Finally, results suggest a role for women lawmakers but only for transferable parenting leave, which is often taken by mothers, complicating previous research on the role of women lawmakers in family policy development. Overall, results underscore the need to distinguish between social provisions when examining their drivers.
Original Research: TikTok's ‘Dancing Nurses’ During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Content Analysis
Authors: Lancaster Rachelle , Sanchez Michelle , Maxwell Kelly , Medley Rachel 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Amid the challenges of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, health care workers are using social media to publish increasing numbers of posts, memes, and videos. On TikTok, a rapidly growing and widely used social networking platform, videos labeled “dancing nurses” have recently been trending. Whether nurses or the general public consider such videos to breach professional ethical standards is unknown.

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to analyze and describe the use of the social media platform TikTok by nurses whose videos featured dancing nurses during the ongoing pandemic.

Methods:
Between March 1 and December 31, 2020, we conducted a search on TikTok using terms such as dancing nurse and hashtags such as “#dancingnurse.” For each identified video, the numbers of followers, views, likes, concurrent COVID-19 morbidity and mortality rates, and other data were collected. For videos meeting the inclusion criteria, content analysis was performed to evaluate dancing nurse behaviors and apply the American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements, ANA social networking principles, and National Council of State Boards of Nursing social media guidelines.

Results:
A total of 52 videos met all inclusion criteria and were included for analysis. These videos had a mean of 1.51 million views each. Among these videos, there were 356 violations of Code of Ethics provisions, social networking principles, and social media guidelines. Forty of the videos (77%) included a choreographed dance; 24 (46%) contained twerking and three (6%) featured dance moves such as pelvic thrusts and gyrations.

Conclusion:
The findings offer insight into how nurses are using TikTok, specifically with regard to posting videos that feature dancing nurses. Some of the analyzed videos included content that could be construed, in our view, as inappropriate and even sexually suggestive. The concern is that such videos could damage the professional image of nurses and downplay the seriousness of the current pandemic. It's essential that nurses who use social media consider the content and presentation of what they post. There is an urgent need for nurses to understand professional and workplace guidelines and policies regarding the use of social media, and how these may apply to content developed and posted on platforms such as TikTok.
Performance of an Automated Detection Algorithm to Assess Objective Pulsatile Tinnitus
Authors: Ubbink Sander W.J. , van Dijk J. Marc C. , Hofman Rutger , van Dijk Pim 
Published: November 2022

Objectives:
In this paper we describe an automated detection algorithm that objectively detects pulsatile tinnitus (PT) and investigate its performance.

Design:
Sound measurements were made with a sensitive microphone placed in the outer ear canal in 36 PT-patients referred to our tertiary clinic, along with a registration of the heart rate. A novel algorithm expressed the coherence between the recorded sound and heart rate as a pulsatility index. This index was determined for 6 octave bands of the recorded sound. We assessed the performance of the detection algorithm by comparing it with the judgement of 3 blinded observers.

Results:
The algorithm showed good agreement compared with the majority judgement of the blinded observers (ROC AUC 0.83). Interobserver reliability for detecting PT in sound recordings by the three blinded observers was substantial (Fleiss’s κ=0.64).

Conclusions:
The algorithm may be a reliable alternative to subjective assessments of in-canal sound measurements in PT-patients, thus providing clinicians with an objective measure to differentiate between subjective and objective pulsatile tinnitus.
Combined Anterior–Posterior versus Posterior-Only Fixation of Stress-Positive Minimally Displaced Lateral Compression Type 1 (LC1) Pelvic Ring Injuries
Authors: Tucker Nicholas J. , Scott Bryan L. , Heare Austin , Stacey Stephen C. , Mauffrey Cyril , Parry Joshua A. 
Published: November 2022

Objectives:
To compare hospital outcomes and late displacement between stress-positive minimally displaced lateral compression type 1 (LC1) pelvic ring injuries treated with combined anterior–posterior versus posterior-only fixation.

Design:
Retrospective comparative cohort.

Setting:
Urban level-one trauma center.

Patients/Participants:
LC1 injuries managed operatively.

Intervention:
Anterior–posterior versus posterior-only fixation;

Main Outcome Measurements:
Physical therapy (PT) clearance, discharge location, hospital length of stay (LOS), inpatient morphine equivalent doses (MED), and fracture displacement at follow-up.

Results:
Groups were similar in demographic and injury characteristics (age, high energy mechanism, ASA score, stress displacement, and rami/sacral fracture classifications). Anterior–posterior fixation resulted in longer operative times (median difference (MD): 27.0 minutes, 95% confidence interval (CI): 17.0 to 40.0, P < 0.0001) and had a trend of increased estimated blood loss (MD: 10 mL, CI: 0 to 30, P = 0.07). Patients with anterior–posterior fixation required less inpatient MEDs (MD: −180.0, CI: −341.2 to −15.0, P = 0.02), were more likely to clear PT by discharge (100% vs. 70%, proportional difference (PD): 30%, CI: 2.0%–57.2%, P = 0.02), were less likely to discharge to rehabilitation facilities (0% vs. 30%, PD: 30%, CI: 2.0%–57.2%, P = 0.02), and had a trend of less days to clear PT after surgery (MD: −1, CI: −2 to 0, P = 0.09) and decreased LOS (MD: −1, CI: −4 to 1, P = 0.17). Late fracture displacement did not differ between groups.

Conclusion:
Anterior–posterior fixation of LC1 injuries was associated with an improved early hospital course—specifically, reduced inpatient opioid use and an increased number of patients who could clear PT and discharge home.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Metabolic reprogramming in the immunosuppression of tumor-associated macrophages
Authors: Wang Ying , Wang Dan , Yang Li , Zhang Yi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are an essential proportion of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and have immunosuppressive functions. The high plasticity and corresponding phenotypic transformation of TAMs facilitate oncogenesis and progression, and suppress antineoplastic responses. Due to the uncontrolled proliferation of tumor cells, metabolism homeostasis is regulated, leading to a series of alterations in the metabolite profiles in the TME, which have a commensurate influence on immune cells. Metabolic reprogramming of the TME has a profound impact on the polarization and function of TAMs, and can alter their metabolic profiles. TAMs undergo a series of metabolic reprogramming processes, involving glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, and other metabolic pathways, which terminally promote the development of the immunosuppressive phenotype. TAMs express a pro-tumor phenotype by increasing glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, cholesterol efflux, and arginine, tryptophan, glutamate, and glutamine metabolism. Previous studies on the metabolism of TAMs demonstrated that metabolic reprogramming has intimate crosstalk with anti-tumor or pro-tumor phenotypes and is crucial for the function of TAMs themselves. Targeting metabolism-related pathways is emerging as a promising therapeutic modality because of the massive metabolic remodeling that occurs in malignant cells and TAMs. Evidence reveals that the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors is improved when combined with therapeutic strategies targeting metabolism-related pathways. In-depth research on metabolic reprogramming and potential therapeutic targets provides more options for anti-tumor treatment and creates new directions for the development of new immunotherapy methods. In this review, we elucidate the metabolic reprogramming of TAMs and explore how they sustain immunosuppressive phenotypes to provide a perspective for potential metabolic therapies.
Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumors of the Mediastinum and Retroperitoneum
Authors: Aguiar Bujanda David , Pérez Cabrera Daniel , Croissier Sánchez Laura 
Published: November 2022

Objectives:
Extragonadal germ cell tumors (EGCT) are a rare entity, most of them being located in the mediastinum and retroperitoneum. Information on these tumors is scarce, requiring carrying out large population-based studies to better understand these diseases. We aimed to determine the clinical features and prognosis of patients with EGCT of the mediastinum and retroperitoneum.

Materials and Methods:
Demographic and clinicopathological features of patients diagnosed with EGCT of the mediastinum and retroperitoneum from 1975 to 2016 were retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.

Results:
A total of 1674 patients were included, 1297 (77.5%) of mediastinal origin and 377 (22.5%) of retroperitoneum. Nonseminomatous tumors (56.3%) were slightly more frequent than seminomas (43.7%) with similar distribution between mediastinum and retroperitoneum. After a median follow-up of 137 months, the median overall survival was 263 months (95% CI, 220-296) whereas the median cause-specific survival (CSS) has still not been reached. The 10-year overall survival and CSS were 57.4% (95% CI, 55-59.7) and 63% (95% CI, 60.6-65.2) respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that older age, mediastinal location, nonseminomatous histology, and distant disease at diagnosis were independent prognostic factors correlated with a worse prognosis. Patients with mediastinal choriocarcinoma and embryonal carcinoma have the worst prognosis, both with a median CSS of only 12 months.

Conclusions:
Despite a decreasing incidence observed in recent decades, EGCT continues to represent a challenge for oncologists. The prognosis of choriocarcinoma and embryonal carcinoma of the mediastinum remains poor and treatment strategies need to be improved urgently.
Reflectance Confocal Microscopy for Identification of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus and Vitiligo
Authors: Gu Jing , Xia Rushan , Zou Yunmin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract:
Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (LSA) is a chronic inflammatory disease. The clinical presentation is clustered distribution of porcelain white spots that can be fused together. Early diagnosis of LSA is difficult, especially in the vulva, where it is difficult to distinguish from vitiligo. Traditional diagnostic methods mainly rely on histopathology. In this study, we used reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) to study the characteristics of LSA and vitiligo. We investigated the clinical and confocal features of 40 cases of histopathologically proven genital LSA or vitiligo, and correlated the features with histopathologic findings. Through the analysis of the results, by RCM, we can easily distinguish genital LSA from vitiligo, which are clinically indistinguishable. This can reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies, and help with early diagnosis and timely treatment.
NASAL CROWDING AND NASAL TILTING OF THE MACULA AFTER EPIRETINAL MEMBRANE SURGERY
Authors: Jin Ki Won , Bae Seok Hyun , Park Young Joo , Park Kyu Hyung 
Published: November 2022

Purpose:
To identify postoperative macula deviation after epiretinal membrane surgery and to investigate its clinical effects.

Methods:
Patients who underwent idiopathic epiretinal membrane removal and followed up for >12 months were enrolled. Macular deviation was evaluated using disk margin-to-fovea distance, foveal angle, and horizontal and vertical asymmetry of retinal thickness and volume. Horizontal or vertical asymmetry was defined as percentile asymmetry between nasal and temporal quadrants or between superior and inferior quadrants, respectively. The association between macular deviation parameters and best-corrected visual acuity and metamorphopsia were evaluated. Baseline and postoperative parameters were compared depending on epiretinal membrane severity.

Results:
Data from 102 eyes with a mean follow-up of 21.14 months were analyzed. Disk margin-to-fovea distance and foveal angle decreased with time and horizontal asymmetry of thickness and volume increased with time, showing nasal crowding and nasal tilting. Postoperative changes of disk margin-to-fovea distance and horizontal asymmetry were associated with best-corrected visual acuity. Severe epiretinal membrane eyes showed greater postoperative nasal deviation than mild epiretinal membrane eyes.

Conclusion:
Postoperative nasal crowding and tilting was quantitatively identified. The causative layers for nasal deviation might be the inner retinal layers, as the foveal angle decreased with time. Postoperative disk margin-to-fovea distance shortening and nasal-deviated horizontal asymmetry were correlated with best-corrected visual acuity improvement.
DRAINAGE RETINOTOMY IS A RISK FACTOR FOR SURGICAL FAILURE AFTER PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY UNCOMPLICATED RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT
Authors: Ohara Hiromi , Yuasa Yuki , Harada Yosuke , Hiyama Tomona , Sadahide Ayako , Minamoto Akira , Hirooka Kazuyuki , Kiuchi Yoshiaki 
Published: November 2022

Purpose:To identify risk factors for recurrent retinal detachment after uncomplicated pars plana vitrectomy in patients with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).Methods:This single-center retrospective study included patients with primary RRD who underwent 23-gauge and 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy at Hiroshima University Hospital between January 2016 and May 2021. All patients had ≥3 months of follow-up. Patients were excluded if they had preoperative proliferative vitreoretinopathy worse than Grade C1; giant retinal tears; tractional, exudative, or traumatic retinal detachment; or the use of perfluorocarbon liquid. Factors that influenced RRD treatment outcome and postoperative complications were evaluated.Results:We analyzed 519 eyes of 509 patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy for primary RRD. The primary and final success rates were 93.8% and 99.8%, respectively. Drainage retinotomy was a risk factor for surgical failure in both multivariate analysis (odds ratio 2.36, 95% confidence interval 1.08–5.15,P= 0.0314) and a propensity score-matching analysis (odds ratio 3.20, 95% confidence interval 1.14–9.04,P= 0.0277). Postoperative epiretinal membrane was associated with drainage retinotomy in multivariate analysis (odds ratio 1.93, 95% confidence interval 1.04–3.57,P= 0.0358).Conclusion:The avoidance of drainage retinotomy during small-gauge pars plana vitrectomy in patients with RRD may lead to better surgical success and less frequent epiretinal membrane formation.
FLUORESCENCE LIFETIME IMAGING OPHTHALMOSCOPY AS PREDICTOR OF LONG-TERM FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME IN MACULA-OFF RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT
Authors: Jaggi Damian , Solberg Yasmin , Dysli Chantal , Lincke Joel , Habra Oussama , Wolf Sebastian , Zinkernagel Martin 
Published: November 2022

Purpose:
To assess whether macular fluorescence lifetimes may serve as a predictor for long-term outcomes in macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Methods:
A single-center observational study was conducted. Patients with pseudophakic macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment were included and evaluated 1 and 6 months after successful reattachment surgery. Fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy lifetimes in the central Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grid subfield, in two distinct channels (short spectral channel and long spectral channel) were analyzed. Best-corrected visual acuity optical coherence tomography of the macula and fluorescence lifetimes were measured at month 1 and month 6.

Results:
Nineteen patients were analyzed. Lifetimes of the previously detached retinas were prolonged compared with the healthy fellow eyes. Short lifetimes at month 1 were associated with better best-corrected visual acuity improvement (short spectral channel: r2 = 0.27, P < 0.05, long spectral channel: r2 = 0.23, P < 0.05) and with good final best-corrected visual acuity (short spectral channel: r2 = 0.43, P < 0.01, long spectral channel: r2 = 0.25, P < 0.05). Lifetimes were prolonged in some cases of outer retinal damage in optical coherence tomography scans.

Conclusion:
Fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy might serve as a prediction tool for functional recovery in pseudophakic macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Retinal fluorescence lifetimes could give insight in molecular processes after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
Treatment for Intracorneal Hematoma by Anterior Chamber Gas Tamponade Combined With Keratocentesis
Authors: Toshida Hiroshi , Hayashi Yusuke , Ichikawa Kohei 
Published: November 2022

Purpose:
To report a new surgical method for intracorneal hematoma removal using combination of keratocentesis and gas tamponade in the anterior chamber.

Methods:
We reviewed the clinical course and outcomes of surgical intervention.

Results:
An 82-year-old woman visited our department because of a sudden decline in visual acuity (20/800 on the Snellen chart) in her left eye. We observed neovascularization from the superior corneal limbus and a hematoma near the Descemet membrane, deep in the stroma of the corneal center. Filtered air was injected into the anterior chamber, keratocentesis was performed at four locations from the corneal epithelium through the stroma, and the hematoma was removed from the puncture sites. The corneal hematoma disappeared, and the best-corrected visual acuity reached 20/20 at postoperative month 4.

Discussion:
Combination of keratocentesis and gas tamponade in the anterior chamber is a simple and effective method for removing intracorneal hematomas.
Impact of prior pars plana vitrectomy on development of cystoid macular edema after uneventful cataract surgery
Authors: Du Jeanette , Landa Gennady 
Published: November 2022

Purpose:
To investigate whether a history of prior pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) predisposes to the development of pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (CME).

Setting:
New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, New York.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Methods:
Records of 365 subjects who underwent PPV for RRD and subsequent cataract surgery between 2017 and 2020 were reviewed. Patients with a history of diabetic retinopathy, inflammatory retinal vascular disease, uveitis, advanced age-related macular degeneration, intraocular infection, myopic maculopathy, or significant intraoperative complications precluding posterior chamber intraocular lens placement were excluded. Age-matched subjects who underwent routine cataract surgery served as controls. Clinical data and macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings up to 4 years postoperatively were obtained.

Results:
54 eyes underwent uneventful cataract surgery by phacoemulsification and had a history of PPV with gas tamponade. 55 eyes underwent uneventful cataract surgery only. The average follow-up time after cataract surgery was 39.1 months. In eyes with a history of PPV, the incidence of OCT-detected CME was 27.8% (15/54) compared with 3.8% (2/55) in the control group (P < .001) and the incidence of clinically significant CME was 18.5% (10/54) compared with 1.8% (1/55) in the control group (P = .004). 80% (12/15) of CME cases were treated with topical therapy, and none required intravitreal injection.

Conclusions:
Prior PPV for RRD is associated with an increased incidence of pseudophakic CME after uneventful cataract surgery. Prophylactic or prolonged postoperative anti-inflammatory topical therapy may be prudent to consider in these patients.
The impact of body mass index on prostate cancer: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tzenios Nikolaos , Tazanios Mary E. , Chahine Mohamed 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Increasing evidence suggested obesity was associated with the risk of prostate cancer. Also, the association between prostate cancer risk and obesity has received much attention in recent years, but the results are still unclear. Therefore, the current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of body mass index (BMI) on prostate cancer.

Methods:
We systematically searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and Cochrane databases with the appropriate key terms to identify the eligible articles related to the impact of BMI on prostate cancer. The Newcastle-Ottawa checklist was used for the quality assessment of studies, and the meta-analysis was carried out using Review Manager 5.3.

Results:
The present review includes 23 studies that fulfilled the criteria for inclusion. In the meta-analysis, a significant difference was observed between the obese and normal weight (P < .001) and 54% of obese has a risk compared to normal weight. Heterogeneity between the fifteen studies was high (I
2 = 100%). Test for overall effect: Z = 8.77 (P < .001) (odds ratio [OR] = 0.32 confidence interval [CI]: 0.25–0.42). However, there was no significant difference observed between the overweight and normal weight (P = .75). Heterogeneity between the fifteen studies is high (I
2 = 100%).

Conclusion:
Prostate cancer is a common malignancy that poses a threat to the health of men. Obesity is associated with a higher risk of death from prostate cancer based on the findings of the included studies. Furthermore, wherever possible, the impact of weight change on prostate cancer patient mortality should be investigated.