bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The clinical application of transperineal ultrasound in urogynaecology
Authors: Retief Francois , Paterson Frances , Jagiellowicz Jakub , Swart Paul , Abdool Zeelha , Dietz Hans Peter 
Published: May 2022

Key content
Transperineal ultrasound allows reproducible imaging of pelvic floor conditions that aids in the thorough assessment required to diagnose and treat urogynaecological conditions.
Views that can be obtained include two‐dimensional (2D) sagittal views of the bladder neck, urethra and pelvic floor; 2D coronal views of the anal canal; and three‐dimensional (3D) or four‐dimensional (4D) views of the genital hiatus and anal canal.
This allows assessment of the post‐void residual volumes, detrusor wall thickness and dynamic assessment of the urethral morphology.
Ultrasonographic assessment enables accurate information about maternal birth trauma to be ascertained, including levator ani muscle avulsion and obstetric anal sphincter injury.
Transperineal ultrasound can be used to identify and assess previously implanted vaginal mesh and midurethral slings.
Learning objectives
To understand the role of ultrasound in clinical urogynaecology practice, including the assessment of slings and meshes.
To know the ultrasound probes, techniques and views used to image the pelvic floor and anal sphincters by transperineal ultrasound.
To describe assessment of the lower urinary tract, pelvic organ prolapse and obstetric anal sphincter injury using ultrasound.
Ethical issues
Thorough assessment of the pelvic floor is mandatory against the background of technological advances in the investigation of pelvic floor dysfunction.
As a common and major complication of childbirth, maternal birth trauma must be assessed fully to support primary and secondary prevention.
Thorough assessment must underlie the use of mesh implants, and dealing with sling and mesh complications is enhanced by imaging.
Outcome of dogs treated with chemotherapy for mesothelioma: A retrospective clinical study on 40 cases and a literature review
Authors: Lajoinie Mathilde , Chavalle Thomas , Floch Franck , Sayag David , Lanore Didier , Ponce Frédérique , Chamel Gabriel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMesothelioma is an uncommon cancer in dogs for which there is no established standard of care. Chemotherapy is often suggested despite no definitive proof of efficacy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of chemotherapy on survival of dogs with mesothelioma. A retrospective multicentric study was carried out. To be included, dogs needed to present an evocative clinical evolution and a morphological diagnosis of mesothelioma. Exclusion of other cause of effusion and complete clinical follow‐up were also required. Fourty dogs were included, 27 received chemotherapy (group 1) and 13 did not (group 2). Groups were heterogeneous regarding the proportion of animals undergoing surgery as part of their treatment (16 in group 1, 2 in group 2;p = .016) and homogeneous otherwise. Univariate analysis showed that dogs from group 1 survived significantly longer than dogs from group 2 (MST: 366 vs. 74 days;p < .001). Complete resolution of effusion after the first chemotherapy administration positively correlated with survival in group 1 (MST: 415 vs. 160 days;p < .01). All other variable tested had no significant impact on survival in univariate analysis, but dogs undergoing surgery and dogs having serous membranes' modification at medical imaging tended to survive longer. Multivariate analysis confirmed that chemotherapy was the sole variable independently associated with survival in our study (odds ratio 5.57–6.12;p < .01).
Dynamics and collisions of magnetized particles around charged black holes in Einstein–Maxwell-scalar theory
Authors: Zahid Muhammad , Rayimbaev Javlon , Khan Saeed Ullah , Ren Jingli , Ahmedov Saidmuhammad , Ibragimov Inomjon 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we aim to investigate the dynamics of magnetized particles around magnetically and electrically charged static black holes (BHs) in Einstein–Maxwell-scalar theory. First, we explore the possible values of EMS parameters for which the spacetime geometry represents a BH spacetime. Since there is no interaction between the electric field of the electrically charged BH and the proper magnetic field of the magnetized test particle. Therefore, we consider BH immersed in an external asymptotically uniform magnetic field. We explore the properties of an external magnetic field around a charged EMS BH. Moreover, we also explored the effects of BH charge and EMS theory parameters on particle’s energy and angular momentum in the circular stable orbits, together with the radius of innermost stable circular orbits. All the obtained results are compared with the acquired results of the Reissner–Nordström BH. Finally, we investigate the behaviour of the center of mass energy of colliding magnetized and electrically charged particles around the EMS BH.
Low scale Dirac leptogenesis and dark matter with observable $$\Delta N_{\mathrm{eff}}$$
Authors: Mahanta Devabrat , Borah Debasish 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe propose a gauged $$B-L$$

B
-
L

extension of the standard model (SM) where light neutrinos are of Dirac type by virtue of tiny Yukawa couplings. To achieve leptogenesis, we include additional heavy Majorana fermions without introducing any $$B-L$$

B
-
L

violation by two units. An additional scalar doublet with appropriate $$B-L$$

B
-
L

charge can allow such heavy fermion coupling with SM leptons so that out-of-equilibrium decay of the former can lead to generation of lepton asymmetry. Due to the $$B-L$$

B
-
L

gauge interactions of the decaying fermion, the criteria of successful Dirac leptogenesis can also constrain the gauge sector couplings. The same $$B-L$$

B
-
L

gauge sector parameter space can also be constrained from dark matter requirements if the latter is assumed to consist of SM singlet particles with non-zero $$B-L$$

B
-
L

charges, which also keep the model anomaly free. The same $$B-L$$

B
-
L

gauge interactions also lead to additional thermalised relativistic degrees of freedom $$\Delta N_{\mathrm{eff}}$$

Δ

N
eff

from light Dirac neutrinos which are tightly constrained by Planck 2018 data. While there exists parameter space from the criteria of successful leptogenesis, dark matter and $$\Delta N_{\mathrm{eff}}$$

Δ

N
eff

even after incorporating the latest collider bounds, the currently allowed parameter space can be probed by future measurements of $$\Delta N_{\mathrm{eff}}$$

Δ

N
eff

.
Stabilized convection in a ternary mixture with two Soret coefficients of opposite sign
Authors: García-Fernández Loreto , Bataller Henri , Fruton Paul , Giraudet Cédric , Vailati Alberto , Croccolo Fabrizio 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We performed ground-based experiments on the sample polystyrene–toluene–cyclohexane in order to complement the experimental activities in microgravity conditions related to the ESA projects DCMIX4 and Giant Fluctuations. After applying a stabilizing thermal gradient by heating from above a layer of the fluid mixture, we studied over many hours the density variations in the bidimensional horizontal field by means of a Shadowgraph optical setup. The resulting images evidence the appearance of convective instability after a diffusive time associated with the binary molecular solvent consisting of toluene and cyclohexane, confirming the negative sign of the Soret coefficient of this mixture. After a larger diffusive time related to mass diffusion of the polystyrene in the binary solvent, convection was suppressed by the increasing stabilizing density gradient originated by the Soret-induced concentration gradient of the polymer. This is compatible with a positive sign of the Soret coefficient of the polymer in the binary solvent.

Graphic Abstract
A semi-passive beam dilution system for the FCC-ee collider
Authors: Krainer Alexander , Bartmann Wolfgang , Calviani Marco , Dutheil Yann , Lechner Anton , Perillo Marcone Antonio , Ogur Salim , Ramjiawan Rebecca 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe operation modes for the proposed FCC-ee collider foresee a very small beam spot size and stored beam energies of up to 20.6 MJ in Z production. This necessitates a dedicated beam dumping system. To reduce the complexity of the system as well as to minimize the required space, an optimized, semi-passive system has been designed and is presented here. The beam dilution is done with a defocusing triplet structure, followed by passive beam diluter elements (spoilers). This greatly reduces the risk of possible dilution failure scenarios compared to an active dilution kicker-magnet system. The dump core itself is located ${\sim}70~\text{m}$
∼
70

m
downstream of the spoilers and is designed following the experience gained from the LHC dump.The dilution performance as well as the interaction effects responsible for the energy deposited in the spoiler, are directly related to the radiation length and the dimension of the device in beam direction. Materials for these spoilers have been studied extensively and key requirements have been identified using both Monte Carlo shower simulations and thermo-mechanical Finite Element Analysis. Even though the maximum temperature reached in the spoilers is well within the working temperature range of the material, the induced mechanical stresses can lead to material failure. Thermo-mechanical simulations have shown that the transversal beam shape plays a key role in the magnitude of mechanical stresses as a result of the beam impact and the abrupt temperature change. This problem is addressed in this paper and an optimized solution is presented.
Visual Outcomes after Implantation of Lucidis EDOF IOL
Authors: Rabinovich Mark , Ceresara Gaia , Aramburu del Boz Ana , Al Khatib Danial , Crespe Marie , Bovet Jerome 
Published: May 2022

Purpose. To evaluate the visual performance and clinical outcomes after implantation of Lucidis EDOF IOL following cataract surgery. Design. In this retrospective study, medical records from all enrolled patients were analyzed, and the following information was extracted retrospectively over 3 months following surgery. Materials and Methods. We reviewed retrospectively 181 eyes of 98 patients, who underwent cataract surgery with Lucidis extended depth of focus IOL. Results. 44 patients were males (45%) and 54 were females (55%). The average age of the study population was 68 ± 11 years. The mean preoperative BCVA (logMAR) was 0.19 ± 0.18. The mean root mean square (RMS) high order aberration (HOA) was 0.18 ± 0.1. Monocular BCVA results were 0.02 ± 0.04 (logMAR) and 0.028 ± 0.04 (logMAR) 1 month and 3 months postoperatively, respectively. Between the baseline and 1-month measures, monocular distance BCVA improved by an average of 0.17 ± 0.14 logMAR (

p

= 0.0001). Between the baseline and 3-month postoperative measures, monocular distance BCVA improved by an average of 0.16 ± 0.13 logMAR (

p

= 0.0001). Monocular UDVA 1 and 3 months postoperatively was 0.08 ± 0.1 logMAR and 0.067 ± 0.08 logMAR, respectively. 1-Month postoperative binocular UDVA was 0.036 ± 0.05 logMAR, binocular UIVA was 0.1 ± 0.08 logMAR, and binocular UNVA was 0.12 ± 0.14 logMAR. 3-Month postoperative binocular UDVA was 0.038 ± 0.05 logMAR, binocular UIVA was 0.09 ± 0.1 logMAR, and binocular UNVA was 0.16 ± 0.14 logMAR. Conclusions. Lucidis EDOF IOL achieves good visual performances in all distances.
Evaluation of Short-Term Insulin Pump for Treatment of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Complicated with Lower Extremity Arterial Disease in Endocrinology by Ultrasonography
Authors: Guo Qiongyao , Li Zhouyue , Chen Hua 
Published: May 2022

This research aimed to explore the curative effect of short-term insulin pump in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) based on ultrasonography. 422 patients (220 males and 202 females) with T2DM in the hospital were selected, and they were randomly divided into control group (

n
=
211

, oral hypoglycemic drugs or diet control, appropriate exercise to lower blood glucose) and experimental group (

n
=
211

, insulin pump was used to reduce blood glucose). After 2 weeks, the therapeutic effect was evaluated by ultrasonography. The results showed that after two weeks of treatment, the difference in lumen intima between the two groups was statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). The intima-media thickness (IMT) values of the experimental group were

0.83
±
0.03

mm

,

0.62
±
0.03

mm

, and

0.41
±
0.04

mm

, respectively, which were significantly different from those of the control group (

1.62
±
0.54

mm

,

1.23
±
0.14

mm

, and

0.78
±
0.11

mm

) (

P
<
0.05

). There was obvious difference in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level between the experimental group (

2.22
±
0.46

mmol
/
L

) and the control group (

3.21
±
0.62

mmol
/
L

) (

P
<
0.05

). The LEAD score of the experimental group was

5.51
±
1.11

, which was significantly different from that of the control group (

7.08
±
2.73

) (

P
<
0.05

). There was clear difference in LEAD score between the two groups under different course of disease (CD) (

P
<
0.05

). Studies indicated that short-term application of insulin pump therapy could effectively improve the pathological changes of lower limbs in patients with T2DM, which had clinical application value.
Two-layer remote phosphor package as a solution to promote color quality scale and lumen in WLEDs
Authors: Huu Phuc Dang , Thi Dieu An Nguyen 
Published: May 2022

This article demonstrates the influence of the red-light LaAsO4:Eu3+ phosphorus on the optical features of the two structures: one-layer remote phosphorus scheme (SRPS) and two-layer remote phosphorus scheme (DRPS). As a result, the Mie hypothesis is used to demonstrate and prove the comparison between color quality and luminosity (LF) between these two factors. The SRPS is a phosphor layer that consists of LaAsO4:Eu3+ particles combined with the YAG:Ce3+ mixture. Meanwhile, DRPS is two phosphor layers of red and yellow separated from each other. To improve the dispersing property, 5% of SiO2 is combined with the phosphorous films. The difference between the structures influences the optical features of WLEDs. The obtained outcomes show that the color rendering index (CRI) rises along with the concentrations of both structures while these values are nearly identical to each other. Meanwhile, at ACCTs (5600 K - 8500 K), the color quality scale (CQS) in DRPS reaches 74, which is higher than SRPS's 71 at 8500 K. Besides, the lumen in DRPS is considerably greater than that in SRPS at 2%-14% LaAsO4:Eu3+. In short, DRPS brings considerable benefits to the color quality and lumen when compared to SRPS. In addition, choosing a suitable concentration also becomes highly vital to achieve desirable CQS and LF.
Renin‐Angiotensin Aldosterone System Inhibitors and COVID‐19: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Revealing Critical Bias Across a Body of Observational Research
Authors: Loader Jordan , Taylor Frances C. , Lampa Erik , Sundström Johan 
Published: May 2022

Background
Renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitor—COVID‐19 studies, observational in design, appear to use biased methods that can distort the interaction between RAAS inhibitor use and COVID‐19 risk. This study assessed the extent of bias in that research and reevaluated RAAS inhibitor—COVID‐19 associations in studies without critical risk of bias.

Methods and Results

Searches were performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases (December 1, 2019 to October 21, 2021) identifying studies that compared the risk of infection and/or severe COVID‐19 outcomes between those using or not using RAAS inhibitors (ie, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II type‐I receptor blockers). Weighted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CIs were extracted and pooled in fixed‐effects meta‐analyses, only from studies without critical risk of bias that assessed severe COVID‐19 outcomes. Of 169 relevant studies, 164 had critical risks of bias and were excluded. Ultimately, only two studies presented data relevant to the meta‐analysis. In 1 351 633 people with uncomplicated hypertension using a RAAS inhibitor, calcium channel blocker, or thiazide diuretic in monotherapy, the risk of hospitalization (angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor: HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.66–0.87;
P
<0.001; angiotensin II type‐I receptor blockers: HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.77–0.97;
P
=0.015) and intubation or death (angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor: HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.48–0.85;
P
=0.002; angiotensin II type‐I receptor blockers: HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.58–0.95;
P
=0.019) with COVID‐19 was lower in those using a RAAS inhibitor. However, these protective effects are probably not clinically relevant.

Conclusions
This study reveals the critical risk of bias that exists across almost an entire body of COVID‐19 research, raising an important question: Were research methods and/or peer‐review processes temporarily weakened during the surge of COVID‐19 research or is this lack of rigor a systemic problem that also exists outside pandemic‐based research?

Registration

URL:
www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/
; Unique identifier: CRD42021237859.
Combinatorial panel with endophenotypes from multilevel information of diffusion tensor imaging and lipid profile as predictors for depression
Authors: Liu Juan , Liu Zhuang , Wei Yange , Zhang Yanbo , Womer Fay Y , Jia Duan , Wei Shengnan , Wu Feng , Kong Lingtao , Jiang Xiaowei , Zhang Luheng , Tang Yanqing , Zhang Xizhe , Wang Fei 
Published: May 2022

Objective: Clinical heterogeneity in major depressive disorder likely reflects the range of etiology and contributing factors in the disorder, such as genetic risk. Identification of more refined subgroups based on biomarkers such as white matter integrity and lipid-related metabolites could facilitate precision medicine in major depressive disorder. Methods: A total of 148 participants (15 genetic high-risk participants, 57 patients with first-episode major depressive disorder and 76 healthy controls) underwent diffusion tensor imaging and plasma lipid profiling. Alterations in white matter integrity and lipid metabolites were identified in genetic high-risk participants and patients with first-episode major depressive disorder. Then, shared alterations between genetic high-risk and first-episode major depressive disorder were used to develop an imaging x metabolite diagnostic panel for genetically based major depressive disorder via factor analysis and logistic regression. A fivefold cross-validation test was performed to evaluate the diagnostic panel. Results: Alterations of white matter integrity in corona radiata, superior longitudinal fasciculus and the body of corpus callosum and dysregulated unsaturated fatty acid metabolism were identified in both genetic high-risk participants and patients with first-episode major depressive disorder. An imaging x metabolite diagnostic panel, consisting of measures for white matter integrity and unsaturated fatty acid metabolism, was identified that achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.86 and had a significantly higher diagnostic performance than that using either measure alone. And cross-validation confirmed the adequate reliability and accuracy of the diagnostic panel. Conclusion: Combining white matter integrity in corpus callosum, superior longitudinal fasciculus and corona radiata, and unsaturated fatty acid profile may improve the identification of genetically based endophenotypes in major depressive disorder to advance precision medicine strategies.
Driver Vigilance Decrement is More Severe During Automated Driving than Manual Driving
Authors: Greenlee Eric T. , DeLucia Patricia R. , Newton David C. 
Published: May 2022

Objective The present study compared the performance, workload, and stress associated with driver vigilance in two types of vehicle: a traditional, manually operated vehicle, and a partially automated vehicle. Background Drivers of partially automated vehicles must monitor for hazards that constitute automation failures and the need for human intervention, but recent research indicates that a driver’s ability to do so declines as a function of time. That research lacked a comparison measure of driving without vehicle automation, so it is unknown to what degree these effects are specific symptoms of monitoring the roadway during an automated drive. Drivers in manual control of their vehicle must similarly monitor for hazards and may suffer similar vigilance decrements. Method Participants completed a simulated 40-minute drive while monitoring for hazards. Half of participants completed the drive with an automated driving system that maintained speed and lane position; the remaining half manually controlled the vehicle’s speed and lane position. Results Driver sensitivity to hazards decreased and tendency to make false alarms increased over time in the automated control condition, but not in the manual control condition. Drivers in both conditions detected fewer hazards as the drive progressed. Ratings of workload and task-induced stress were elevated similarly in both conditions. Conclusion Partially automated driving appears to uniquely impair driver vigilance by reducing the ability to discriminate between benign and dangerous events in the driving environment as the drive progresses. Application Applied interventions should target improvements in driver sensitivity to hazardous situations that signal potential automation failures.
Advance healthcare directives: Knowledge and attitudes of Irish consultant physicians
Authors: Crowley Dr Patrick , Doran Dr Kieran 
Published: May 2022

Aims The Assisted Decision-Making (Capacity) Act 2015 provides a legislative framework for advance healthcare directives in Ireland. This study assessed Irish consultant physicians’ knowledge of the provisions of the Act relating to advance healthcare directives, and their attitudes towards advance healthcare directives in general. Methods Data were collected between May and October 2016. A questionnaire was distributed to all consultant physicians listed in the Irish Medical Directory under general internal medicine specialties. True/false questions assessed knowledge of the provisions of the Act. Likert-type questions assessed attitudes towards advance healthcare directives. Results The overall response rate was 28.7% (238/830). Only 42.1% of respondents were aware of the provisions of the Act relating to advance healthcare directives. Of the seven questions that assessed knowledge of those provisions, the mean score was 3.31/7. 78.7% agreed that advance healthcare directives are helpful when making treatment decisions for incapacitated patients. Only 15.7% regularly advise their patients to create advance healthcare directives. Discussion Irish physicians are broadly supportive of advance healthcare directives but there are deficiencies in their knowledge of the law relating to them. Efforts should be made to educate physicians regarding the provisions of the Act prior to its commencement.