bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macro- and Micro-physical Characteristics of Different Parts of Mixed Convective-stratiform Clouds and Differences in Their Responses to Seeding
Authors: Li Dejun , Zhao Chuanfeng , Li Peiren , Liu Cao , Gong Dianli , Liu Siyao , Yuan Zhengteng , Chen Yingying 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the cloud macro- and micro-physical characteristics in the convective and stratiform regions and their different responses to the seeding for mixed convective-stratiform clouds that occurred in Shandong province on 21 May 2018, based on the observations from the aircraft, the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite, and the high-resolution Himawari-8 (H8) satellite. The aircraft observations show that convection was deeper and radar echoes were significantly enhanced with higher tops in response to seeding in the convective region. This is linked with the conversion of supercooled liquid droplets to ice crystals with released latent heat, resulting in strengthened updrafts, enhanced radar echoes, higher cloud tops, and more and larger precipitation particles. In contrast, in the stratiform cloud region, after the Silver Iodide (AgI) seeding, the radar echoes become significantly weaker at heights close to the seeding layer, with the echo tops lowered by 1.4–1.7 km. In addition, a hollow structure appears at the height of 6.2–7.8 km with a depth of about 1.6 km and a diameter of about 5.5 km, and features such as icing seeding tracks appear. These suggest that the transformation between droplets and ice particles was accelerated by the seeding in the stratiform part. The NPP and H8 satellites also show that convective activity was stronger in the convective region after seeding; while in the stratiform region, a cloud seeding track with a width of 1–3 km appears 10 km downstream of the seeding layer 15 minutes after the AgI seeding, which moves along the wind direction as width increases.
Double-blind controlled dietary cross-over intervention with differentially fertilised intact lettuce leaves shows acute reduction in blood pressure in young adults, associated with faster uptake of nitrate than of phenolics
Authors: Qadir Othman K. , Seal Chris J. , Ashor Ammar W. , Tassotti Michele , Mena Pedro , Del Rio Daniele , Siervo Mario , Brandt Kirsten 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To compare acute effects on blood pressure (BP) of ingestion of visually similar lettuce with controlled high and low content of either nitrate or phenolic compounds.

Methods
In a randomised cross-over design, 19 healthy participants (22–31 years) received 50 g of lettuce containing either 530 mg (8.4 mmol) nitrate + 11 mg (0.03 mmol) phenolic compounds (HNLP); or 3 mg nitrate (0.05 mmol) + 77 mg (0.2 mmol) phenolic compounds (LNHP), obtained by differential fertilisation. Ambulatory BP was recorded along with plasma, salivary and urinary nitrate and nitrite and plasma concentrations of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), phenolic metabolites, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP).

Results
Compared with LNHP, 3 h post ingestion of HNLP, plasma nitrate increased 0.31 ± (95%CI) 0.12 mM (+ 240%), and salivary nitrate 5.5 ± 1.4 mM (+ 910%); accumulated urinary nitrate excretion increased 188 ± 72 mg (+ 296%) (all P < 0.001). Systolic BP was reduced 4.9 ± 4.2 mmHg (P = 0.031) between 3 and 6 h after ingestion of HNLP compared with LNHP; systolic BP differences were negatively correlated (P = 0.004) with differences in saliva nitrate concentrations. LNHP increased plasma phenolics at 6 h, predominantly 3ʹ-methoxycinnamic acid-4ʹ-glucuronide (ferulic acid-4ʹ-glucuronide), 116%, 204 ± 138 nM more than HNLP (P = 0.001); increased cGMP 14% (P = 0.019); and reduced FRAP 3.1% (P = 0.009).

Conclusion
The acute BP difference within 6 h of consumption matched the plasma/saliva nitrate peak, not the slower changes of plasma phenolics. This is the first double-blind controlled dietary intervention demonstrating differential effects on human physiology by consumption of an intact plant food, where compositional differences were obtained by controlling growing conditions, indicating potential opportunities for health claims relating to precision/vertical farming.

Clinical trial registration
The trial was retrospectively registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, with identifier NCT02701959, on March 8, 2016.
Epidemiological and clinicopathological analysis of basal cell carcinoma in Egyptian population: a 5-year retrospective multicenter study
Authors: El-Khalawany Mohamed , Hassab-El-Naby Hussein M. M. , Mousa Ahmed Mustafa , Sameh Ahmed , Rageh Mahmoud A. , Genedy Rasha Mahmoud , Hosny Aya Magdy , Aboelmagd Marwa A. , Aboeldahab Soha 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most diagnosed type of cancer accounting for 80% of all keratinocyte malignancies. However, the exact demographic properties and clinicopathological criteria for BCC in Egyptians are not clearly reported. Our aim is to report and analyze the epidemiological and clinicopathological features of BCC in Egyptians.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records for patients diagnosed pathologically with BCC during the period from January 2017 to December 2021. Data were recruited from four dermatology centers with different geographical distributions.

Results
We registered 544 patients. Their age ranged between 22–91 years with a mean of 61.6 ± 13.2 years. Females showed younger age of onset. The mean duration of the tumor was 3.9 ± 3.8 years. The most common involved region was the head (79.4%), and about one third of patients (32.2%) had a giant lesion (> 5 cm). The most common clinical presentation was ulcerative lesions (44.9%). Pathologically, the nodular type represented the most common variant (50.4%).

Conclusion
Our results proposed that the annual incidence of BCC is increasing among Egyptians. Ultraviolet radiation is considered a high-risk factor of BCC leading to a higher affection of the head region and more prevalence in men. This study also highlights some criteria of BCC in Egyptians such as the long duration of the tumor, the early onset in females, the higher percentage of giant types, and the predominance of nodular type. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the characteristic features of BCC among Egyptians.
Light and prey influence the abundances of two rhodopsins in the dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina
Authors: Westermann Martin , Hoischen Christian , Wöhlbrand Lars , Rabus Ralf , Rhiel Erhard 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Antisera were raised against the C-terminal amino acid sequences of the two rhodopsins ADY17806 and AEA49880 of Oxyrrhis marina. The antisera and affinity-purified antibodies thereof were used in western immunoblotting experiments of total cell protein fractions from cultures grown either in darkness or in white, red, green, or blue light. Furthermore, the rhodopsin abundances were profiled in cultures fed with yeast or the prasinophyte Pyramimonas grossii. The immunosignals of ADY17806 and AEA49880 were similar when O. marina was grown in white, green, or blue light. Signal intensities were lower under conditions of red light and lowest in darkness. Higher amounts were registered for both rhodopsins when O. marina was fed with yeast compared to P. grossii. Furthermore, total cell protein of cultures of O. marina grown under all cultivation conditions was separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, followed by tryptic in-gel digestion and mass spectrometric analysis of the 25-kDa protein bands. The rhodopsin ADY17809 was detected in all samples of the light quality experiments and in 14 of the 16 samples of the prey quality experiments. The rhodopsin ABV22427 was not detected in one sample of the light quality experiments. It was detected in 15 of the 16 samples of the prey quality experiments. Peptide fragments of the other rhodopsins were detected less often, and no clear distribution pattern was evident with respect to the applied light quality or offered prey, indicating that none of them was exclusively formed under a distinct light regime or when feeding on yeast or the prasinophyte. Fluorescence light microscopy using the affinity-purified antibodies revealed significant labeling of the cell periphery and cell internal structures, which resembled vacuoles, tiny vesicles, and rather compact structures. Immunolabeling electron microscopy strengthened these results and showed that the cytoplasmic membrane, putative lysosome membranes, membranes encircling the food vacuole, and birefringent bodies became labeled.
Use of belimumab in real-world in Spain: a scoping review about characteristics of SLE patients
Authors: Escalera Carlos Rodríguez , Guisado Ángela María Zurita , Mateo Francisco Javier , Bahamontes-Rosa Noemí , Villanueva María Jesús García 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Belimumab was the first biological drug approved for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). There is not a review focusing on all real-life experience with belimumab to date that could help to describe how this drug behaves in the Spanish clinical setting.

Objective
To describe the characteristics of SLE patients treated with belimumab added to standard of care in real-clinical setting in Spain.

Methods
We conducted a comprehensive scoping review of real-world data (RWD) according to PRISMA Scoping Reviews Checklist and the framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. PubMed and EMBASE were searched without language restriction and hand searches of relevant articles were examined.

Results
We included data from 222 patients treated with belimumab for SLE included in 19 RWD studies conducted in Spain. The mean age was 40.9 years, 84.2% were female, and baseline scores SELENA-SLEDAI ranged between 5.9 and 12. Lupus nephritis basal prevalence was of 2.7%. The main reason for belimumab initiation was previous treatments lack of efficacy (69.7%) and the most common laboratory abnormalities were hypocomplementemia (40.9%), ANA + (34.2%), and anti-DNA (33.3%). The addition of belimumab to standard therapy was associated with a reduction of daily glucocorticoids intake in 1.4–11.1 mg at 6 months. Belimumab discontinuation was observed in 18.6% of patients.

Conclusion
Our study helps to further explore the profile of SLE patients most likely to be treated with belimumab.

Key Points• Scientific evidence in SLE provided by randomized controlled trials sometimes differs from the actual treatment of SLE patients in routine clinical practice.• There is a lack of published “real-world” data on SLE treatment with belimumab in Spain.• This scoping review intends to describe and analyze the clinical characteristics of SLE patients receiving belimumab in a real-life setting in Spain.• These “real-world” clinical experience can provide a more realistic view of the overall patterns of SLE care compared with clinical trials.
Anti-Ro52/TRIM21 serological subsets identify differential clinical and laboratory parameters
Authors: Lee Adrian Y. S. , Lin Ming-Wei , Reed Joanne H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionAnti-Ro52/tripartite motif-containing protein 21 (TRIM21) IgG is one of the most common autoantibodies found in systemic autoimmune diseases and is typically found in conjunction with anti-Ro60 and/or anti-La. A retrospective, cross-sectional study was undertaken to examine the clinical and laboratory features of two serological subsets: patients with anti-Ro52/TRIM21 autoantibodies in the absence of anti-Ro60 and anti-La (isolated anti-Ro52/TRIM21) and patients with anti-Ro52/TRIM21 in the presence of anti-Ro60 and/or anti-La.MethodsOver a 12-month period, patients tested positive for anti-Ro52/TRIM21 via line immunoassay (LIA) at the Westmead Hospital (Australia) immunopathology laboratory were included. The presence of anti-Ro60 and/or anti-La via same LIA was noted. Associated laboratory and medical records were perused to extract demographic, laboratory, and clinical information.ResultsThere were 346 patients within the study period, and 39.9% of the patients positive for anti-Ro52/TRIM21 lacked anti-Ro60/anti-La autoantibodies. Isolated anti-Ro52/TRIM21 patients tend to be older, have lower anti-Ro52/TRIM21 titres, have lower rheumatoid factors, and have lower proportions of neutropaenia compared to patients who were positive for anti-Ro52/TRIM21 and anti-Ro60/La. This occurred independent to diagnoses of Sjögren’s syndrome or systemic lupus erythematosus. Coexisting neurological syndromes, pulmonary pathologies, and malignancies were more prevalent in the isolated anti-Ro52/TRIM21 subset.ConclusionsPatients with isolated anti-Ro52/TRIM21 tend to have distinct and important clinical and laboratory associations. It is unclear if these patients evolve or remain a stable subset and how they originate immunologically. Longitudinal and prospective studies are required to ascertain the overall predictive and prognostic value of this stratification.Key Points• Anti-Ro52/TRIM21 is an autoantibody found in autoimmunity and non-immunological conditions.• Sixty percent of anti-Ro52/TRIM21 patients are positive for anti-Ro60.• Isolated anti-Ro52/TRIM21 has reduced anti-Ro52/TRIM21 and rheumatoid factor titres.• Isolated anti-Ro52/TRIM21 is associated with anaemia and malignancies.
Prevalence of pathogenic germline variants in the circulating tumor DNA testing
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshihiro , Fukuyama Keita , Kanai Masashi , Kondo Tomohiro , Yoshioka Masahiro , Kou Tadayuki , Quy Pham Nguyen , Kimura-Tsuchiya Reiko , Yamada Takahiro , Matsumoto Shigemi , Kosugi Shinji , Muto Manabu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Somatic and germline variants are not distinguishable by circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) testing without analyzing non-tumor samples. Although confirmatory germline testing is clinically relevant, the criteria for selecting presumed germline variants have not been established in ctDNA testing. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of pathogenic germline variants in clinical ctDNA testing through their variant allele fractions (VAFs).

Methods
A total of consecutive 106 patients with advanced solid tumors who underwent ctDNA testing (Guardant360®) between January 2018 and March 2020 were eligible for this study. To verify the origin of pathogenic variants reported in ctDNA testing, germline sequencing was performed using peripheral blood DNA samples archived in the Clinical Bioresource Center in Kyoto University Hospital (Kyoto, Japan) under clinical research settings.

Results
Among 223 pathogenic variants reported in ctDNA testing, the median VAF was 0.9% (0.02–81.8%), and 88 variants with ≥ 1% VAFs were analyzed in germline sequencing. Among 25 variants with ≥ 30% VAFs, seven were found in peripheral blood DNA (BRCA2: n = 6, JAK2: n = 1). In contrast, among the 63 variants with VAFs ranging from 1 to < 30%, only one variant was found in peripheral blood DNA (TP53: n = 1). Eventually, this variant with 15.6% VAF was defined to be an acquired variant, because its allelic distribution did not completely link to those of neighboring germline polymorphisms.

Conclusion
Our current study demonstrated that VAFs values are helpful for selecting presumed germline variants in clinical ctDNA testing.
Does a roosting flock of migratory birds also echelon in high winds?
Authors: Bhardwaj Anshuman , Sam Lydia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe organized aerial manoeuvres of birds in “V” and “J” flock echelons have always captivated onlookers and several of these aspects are still a matter of ongoing research. However, we could not find any published evidence or report on echeloning in a roosting flock of birds in high wind conditions. Here, we provide first evidence of an echelon in a roosting flock of the Eurasian oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus ostralegus) at the onset of Storm Malik in Scotland on the morning of the 29th of January 2022, under ~ 11 ms−1 winds. This observation opens-up several new research questions on if, how, and why birds position themselves in a flock while roosting in high winds.
Kleine Welt: Wenn Deutschland nur mit Demokratien handelt
Authors: Menkhoff Lukas 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDie vergangenen Jahre haben die Kehrseite des deutschen Exportmodells verdeutlicht, die Abhängigkeit Deutschlands von seinen Handelspartnern. Besonders schmerzhaft ist dies gegenwärtig gegenüber Russland und potenziell gegenüber China. Insofern scheint es naheliegend, den deutschen Außenhandel auf demokratische Länder zu konzentrieren. Doch gleichgültig welchen Maßstab man wählt, die demokratische Welt ist klein und ihr Gewicht nimmt auch nicht zu. Zudem sind die weniger demokratischen Länder tendenziell ärmer, sodass der Handel eine spezifische Struktur aufweist. Es dominiert der Import von Rohstoffen, die in Deutschland und Europa kaum verfügbar sind. Entsprechend hoch wären die ökonomischen Kosten solch einer Selbstbeschränkung.
Besteuerung thesaurierter Unternehmensgewinne und Einkünfte aus Kapitalvermögen
Authors: Rose Manfred 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungAus Gründen der ökonomischen Effizienz sollte eine progressive Besteuerung des Einkommens erst dann zur Anwendung kommen, wenn dieses für den privaten Konsum oder andere private Zwecke (z. B. Schenkungen) verwendet werden soll. Unter Effizienzaspekten, d. h. zur Gewährleistung der steuerlichen Einmalbelastung in lebenszeitlicher Sicht wäre es optimal, dass gesparte Einkommensteile bis zu ihrer Verwendung für Privatausgaben steuerfrei blieben. Fiskalische Notwendigkeiten, verteilungspolitische Restriktionen wie auch Akzeptanzgründe lassen eine solche temporäre Steuerfreiheit in unserer Gesellschaft mit Ausnahme der nachgelagert zu versteuernden Renten allerdings noch nicht zu. Mit der 2008 eingeführten ermäßigten Besteuerung thesaurierter Gewinne von Personenunternehmen verfolgte der Gesetzgeber jedoch in erster Linie eine auf Rechtsformneutralität ausgerichtete Abstimmung der betreffenden Einkommensbesteuerung mit der Körperschaftsteuerpflicht bei Kapitalgesellschaften. Dieses hinsichtlich Ziel und Ausgestaltung missglückte Reformkonzept ist grundlegend neu zu gestalten.
Geldpolitik und Klimawandel
Authors: Kaldorf Matthias , Krause Michael , Radke Lucas , Wicknig Florian 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Klimawandel wird einen tiefgreifenden Einfluss sowohl auf die europäische als auch die globale Wirtschaft haben. Bei der Frage nach dem Handlungsbedarf für Zentralbanken wie die EZB ist unstrittig, dass Zentralbanken notwendige Schritte zu Sicherstellung von Preis- und Finanzstabilität im Rahmen ihres Mandats unternehmen müssen, die sich aus dem Klimawandel ergeben. Einige Beobachtende fordern aber weitreichendere Maßnahmen, die ebenso den Übergang zu einer emissionsarmen Wirtschaft auf finanzieller Ebene stützen. Selbst wenn man die Debatte um das Primärmandat einer Zentralbank ausblendet, zeigt die bisherige akademische Forschung, dass der Einsatz geldpolitischer Instrumente, um den Klimawandel zu beeinflussen, teils erhebliche unerwünschte Nebenwirkungen zur Folge haben kann und dabei verglichen mit fiskalischen Maßnahmen deutlich weniger wirksam ist.
Politikberatung zwischen Ambition und Wirklichkeit
Authors: Steinbach Armin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEvidence-based policy remains an unfulfilled ambition given political constraints. On one hand, academic policy advice is widely acknowledged as indispensable, with policymakers stressing the relevance of external policy advice for policy formulation. On other hand, the impact of policy advice remains limited for a variety of reasons. This contribution discusses the variable conditions under which policy advise can be effective, notably its function to compensate for a lack of expertise, lack of resources in ministries and parliament as well as the degree of politicisation of a given policy field.
Demand for forest ecosystem services: a comparison study in selected areas in the Czech Republic and China
Authors: Hochmalová Miroslava , Purwestri Ratna Chrismiari , Yongfeng Jian , Jarský Vilém , Riedl Marcel , Yuanyong Dian , Hájek Miroslav 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEcosystem services are investigated from many perspectives, but there are very few studies comparing the perception of forest and demand for forest ecosystem services (FES) in a cross-cultural analysis. This study aims to map the demand for FES and find out the forest perception of forest visitors in both Czech and Chinese societies. Data were collected by structured questionnaire among three different groups of respondents (n = 847) in six forest areas. The questions were focused on the demand for FES, expectations from the forest, preference for the visual form of the forest, and the willingness of forest visitors. Analysis demonstrates that the demand for some FES is related to geographical and cultural conditions. The results indicated that provisioning and regulation services are perceived as more important than cultural services. The differences by country were obvious in the cultural and provisioning services: Chinese demand more relaxing and meditation activities, whereas Czech demand mushroom picking. A significant outcome is a high demand of Chinese respondents for recreational facilities. Tree planting was rated as one of the most popular voluntary activity across the whole sample. Meanwhile, some findings point to an increasing pressure on forest ecosystems and their protection, which emerge due to the strong demand for recreational facilities. According to the findings, active involvement of forest visitors in various activities is recommended so that their appreciation of FES will constantly increase and to take into account the profile of visitors and incorporate them in forest management and planning in order to meet societal demand.
Soybean Oil Epoxidation Catalyzed by a Functionalized Metal–Organic Framework with Active Dioxo-Molybdenum (VI) Centers
Authors: Martínez R. Diana C. , Trujillo Carlos A. , Carriazo Jose G. , Castellanos Nelson J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this work, a functionalized gallium metal–organic framework with active dioxo-molybdenum (VI) centers was evaluated as a catalyst in the epoxidation of soybean oil using tert-butyl-hydroperoxide as an oxidizing agent. The influence of the reaction time, temperature, and concentration of the oxidizing agent was studied, and it was demonstrated that the highest epoxide selectivity was obtained at 110 °C after 4 h of reaction (29% conversion and 91% selectivity) using a soybean oil/oxidizing agent ratio of 1/2. The stability of the metal–organic framework was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy EDS. The stability tests demonstrated that the catalyst could be reused in the catalytic process for the recovery of vegetable oils.
Graphical Abstract
A Longitudinal Study of Maternal Postnatal Bonding and Psychosocial Factors that Contribute to Social-Emotional Development
Authors: Rusanen E. , Lahikainen A. R. , Vierikko E. , Pölkki P. , Paavonen E. J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this longitudinal study, we examined how maternal bonding and psycho-social factors are associated with social-emotional problems in two-year-old children. Our data came from a birth cohort from which data were collected at four timepoints: prenatally during the third trimester, and postnatally at 3, 8 and 24 months. The participants were 1,667 mothers, of which 943 (56.6%) returned the questionnaire at each timepoint of the longitudinal study. The Children’s social-emotional problems were examined using the Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment. According to linear regression analysis, maternal bonding difficulties at three and eight months, maternal expectations of the unborn baby during pregnancy, and maternal relationships within and outside the family were related to social-emotional problems in children of two years of age. The results highlight the importance of screening mothers who already prenatally have bonding problems or mothers who have bonding problems postnatally to provide effective and targeted intervention support.