bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Refunding Scheme to Incentivize Narrow-Spectrum Antibiotic Development
Authors: Böttcher Lucas , Gersbach Hans 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe rapid rise of antibiotic resistance is a serious threat to global public health. The situation is exacerbated by the “antibiotics dilemma”: Developing narrow-spectrum antibiotics against resistant bacteria is most beneficial for society, but least attractive for companies, since their usage and sales volumes are more limited than for broad-spectrum drugs. After developing a general mathematical framework for the study of antibiotic resistance dynamics with an arbitrary number of antibiotics, we identify efficient treatment protocols. Then, we introduce a market-based refunding scheme that incentivizes pharmaceutical companies to develop new antibiotics against resistant bacteria and, in particular, narrow-spectrum antibiotics that target specific bacterial strains. We illustrate how such a refunding scheme can solve the antibiotics dilemma and cope with various sources of uncertainty that impede antibiotic R &D. Finally, connecting our refunding approach to the recently established Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Action Fund, we discuss how our proposed incentivization scheme could be financed.
A bibliometric analysis on the visibility of the Sentinel-1 mission in the scientific literature
Authors: Pham-Duc Binh , Nguyen Ho 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSeven years after the launch of the first Sentinel-1 satellite, its data have been widely used in the scientific community. This study provides the first quantitative analysis of the visibility of the Sentinel-1 mission to the scientific literature through a bibliometric analysis of 1628 articles published in scientific journals during the 2014–2020 period. The main findings show that the number of Sentinel-1 mission-related papers increased significantly over the years, with an annual growth rate of 83%. Remote sensing is the most popular journal where 31.75% of the publication collection has been published. China and the USA are the two most productive countries with a share of 22.30% and 16.22% in the collection. Research based on the Sentinel-1 data covered a wide range of topics in geoscience disciplines. The use of SAR interferometry, focusing on the studies of landslide, earthquake, ground deformation, and subsidence, is the most important research direction using Sentinel-1 data. Image fusion of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 observations for mapping and monitoring applications is the second most important research direction. Other popular research areas are glaciology, soil moisture, agriculture, rice monitoring, and ship detection. This study uses bibliographic data derived only from the Scopus database; therefore, it might not cover all Sentinel-1 related documents. However, this paper is a good reference for researchers who want to use Sentinel-1 data in their studies. The two Sentinel-1 satellites will provide scientific data for years to come, meaning that this type of analysis should be done on a regular basis.
Biomimetic space debris removal: conceptual design of bio-inspired active debris removal scenarios
Authors: Banken E. , Schneider V. E. , Ben-Larbi M. K. , Pambaguian L. , Oeffner J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe ever-increasing number of man-made space debris creates the need for new technologies to mitigate it. Therefore, within the ESA-funded project BIOINSPACED, biologically inspired solutions for active debris removal were investigated, conceptualized and integrated to innovative and comprehensive scenarios. In the following, the collection process of existing and new biomimetic concepts as well as the evaluation of ten concepts based on a feasibility analysis will be presented. Out of the ten, the three most promising scenarios, were chosen for further investigation and further elaborated in detail specifying the biological models incorporated as well as how the scenario could be implemented in a simple demonstrator. The first scenario (A) is a gecko kit canon and describes a system that fires deorbiting kits towards the target from a safe distance. The second scenario (B) involves a robotic arm with a gecko-adhesive end-effector and a bee-inspired harpoon to achieve a preliminary and subsequent rigid connection to the target. The last scenario (C) is mimicking a Venus Flytrap and its bi-stale mechanism to capture its prey. One of these scenarios will be manufactured and built into a demonstrator to showcase biology’s potential for the development, optimization and improvement of technologies, especially within the space industry.
Clustering analysis reveals different profiles associating long-term post-COVID symptoms, COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission and previous medical co-morbidities in previously hospitalized COVID-19 survivors
Authors: Fernández-de-las-Peñas César , Martín-Guerrero José D. , Florencio Lidiane L. , Navarro-Pardo Esperanza , Rodríguez-Jiménez Jorge , Torres-Macho Juan , Pellicer-Valero Oscar J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To identify subgroups of COVID-19 survivors exhibiting long-term post-COVID symptoms according to clinical/hospitalization data by using cluster analysis in order to foresee the illness progress and facilitate subsequent prognosis.

Methods
Age, gender, height, weight, pre-existing medical comorbidities, Internal Care Unit (ICU) admission, days at hospital, and presence of COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission were collected from hospital records in a sample of patients recovered from COVID-19 at five hospitals in Madrid (Spain). A predefined list of post-COVID symptoms was systematically assessed a mean of 8.4 months (SD 15.5) after hospital discharge. Anxiety/depressive levels and sleep quality were assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, respectively. Cluster analysis was used to identify groupings of COVID-19 patients without introducing any previous assumptions, yielding three different clusters associating post-COVID symptoms with acute COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission.

Results
Cluster 2 grouped subjects with lower prevalence of medical co-morbidities, lower number of COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission, lower number of post-COVID symptoms, and almost no limitations with daily living activities when compared to the others. In contrast, individuals in cluster 0 and 1 exhibited higher number of pre-existing medical co-morbidities, higher number of COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission, higher number of long-term post-COVID symptoms (particularly fatigue, dyspnea and pain), more limitations on daily living activities, higher anxiety and depressive levels, and worse sleep quality than those in cluster 2.

Conclusions
The identified subgrouping may reflect different mechanisms which should be considered in therapeutic interventions.
MSAt-GAN: a generative adversarial network based on multi-scale and deep attention mechanism for infrared and visible light image fusion
Authors: Li Junwu , Li Binhua , Jiang Yaoxi , Cai Weiwei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFor the past few years, image fusion technology has made great progress, especially in infrared and visible light image infusion. However, the fusion methods, based on traditional or deep learning technology, have some disadvantages such as unobvious structure or texture detail loss. In this regard, a novel generative adversarial network named MSAt-GAN is proposed in this paper. It is based on multi-scale feature transfer and deep attention mechanism feature fusion, and used for infrared and visible image fusion. First, this paper employs three different receptive fields to extract the multi-scale and multi-level deep features of multi-modality images in three channels rather than artificially setting a single receptive field. In this way, the important features of the source image can be better obtained from different receptive fields and angles, and the extracted feature representation is also more flexible and diverse. Second, a multi-scale deep attention fusion mechanism is designed in this essay. It describes the important representation of multi-level receptive field extraction features through both spatial and channel attention and merges them according to the level of attention. Doing so can lay more emphasis on the attention feature map and extract significant features of multi-modality images, which eliminates noise to some extent. Third, the concatenate operation of the multi-level deep features in the encoder and the deep features in the decoder are cascaded to enhance the feature transmission while making better use of the previous features. Finally, this paper adopts a dual-discriminator generative adversarial network on the network structure, which can force the generated image to retain the intensity of the infrared image and the texture detail information of the visible image at the same time. Substantial qualitative and quantitative experimental analysis of infrared and visible image pairs on three public datasets show that compared with state-of-the-art fusion methods, the proposed MSAt-GAN network has comparable outstanding fusion performance in subjective perception and objective quantitative measurement.
Self-attention-guided scale-refined detector for pedestrian detection
Authors: Lin Xinchen , Zhao Chaoqiang , Zhang Chen , Qian Feng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPedestrian detection has been researched for decades. Recently, an anchor-free method CSP is proposed to generate the pedestrian bounding box directly. When the predicted center deviates from the ground truth in the testing phase, the CSP model generates deviated pedestrian bounding box, which leads to false detection in occlusion situations. To handle this problem, we refine the scale regression branch of the CSP model to generate a more accurate prediction. The new scale regression branch outputs the distances between the center and the four edges of the pedestrian bounding box. Even if the predicted center deviates from the ground truth, an accurate bounding box can still be obtained. Moreover, we integrate a self-attention module into our model to take full advantage of the features in different depth layers. Our proposed model achieves better performance than the state-of-the-art detectors in comparison experiments on the two datasets, i.e., Citypersons and Caltech.
The Association Between Glycaemic Variability and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease: a Systematic Review
Authors: Habte-Asres Hellena Hailu , Wheeler David C. , Forbes Angus 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe study aims to evaluate the association between glycaemic variability and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in patients with diabetes and comorbid kidney disease. A comprehensive search was conducted of three databases from their inception to March 2022: Medline, Embase, and CINHAL. Publications were screened for eligibility and the quality of studies included was appraised using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Extracted data were tabulated and reported in a narrative synthesis. Fourteen studies were included in the review providing data on 62,498 participants. Eight studies reported that greater glycaemic variability was associated with an increased incidence of CKD. Three studies reported an increased likelihood of CKD progression in those with high glycaemic variability, although the rate and risk of progression varied across the studies. Three studies reported an increased risk of progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) with higher glycaemic variability. One study found that high glycaemic variability was associated with a decreased risk of progression to ESKD. Greater glycaemic variability was associated with the onset and progression of CKD. More research is required to verify whether glycaemic variability increases the risk of progression to ESKD in patients with diabetes and mild/moderate comorbid CKD.
Obstetrical specificities of Ivorian adolescent mothers on a single-center hospital series of 1040 cases
Authors: Kacou Aka Edele , Horo Apollinaire , Fanny Mohamed , Olou Luc , Konan Perel , Koffi Abdoul , Toure-Ecra Ana , Kone Mamourou 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOverview and aimThe precocity of sexual intercourse among adolescent girls is a prominent source of unwanted pregnancy. Here, we aim to survey the past issues relating to the pregnancy, childbirth, and materno-fetal prognosis of Ivorian adolescent women.MethodsWe conducted a retrospsective study with adolescent group (n ​= ​1040) versus young adult group aged 20 to 24 (n ​= ​736) over three years from1stJanuary 2016 to 31rdDecember 2018 ​at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of Abidjan-Yopougon Hospital. Maternal and fetal outcomes of the two groups were analyzed and compared by using Pearson's Chi2tests and Fisher's exact tests, followed by multivariate analysis and logistic regression using Stata software version 20.ResultsThe average age of adolescent girls in our study was 17.45 years (SD ​= ​1.39) and a minimum of 12 years. Adolescents consulted less (P ​< ​0.0001) and later (P ​< ​0.0001) versus young adults aged 20 to 24. The proportion of adolescent girls (47.6%) versus young adults (39.1%) who had underwent caesarean section was significantly higher (P ​= ​0.0004). These adolescents were 3.5-fold more likely to develop hypertension and its complications in the postpartum period and 2.5-fold more likely to contract a postpartum infection. Maternal mortality was not significantly associated with adolescence (OR ​= ​0.52 (95%CI: 0.22–1.19; P ​= ​0.0891). The risk of prematurity, early neonatal death, and neonatal admission were 2.02 (95%CI: 1.56–2.63;P ​< ​0.0001), 1.55 (95%CI: 1.14–2.13;P ​= ​0.0040), and 1.73 (95%CI:1.12–2.71;P ​= ​0.0097) in adolescence, respectively.ConclusionAdolescent childbirth remains associated with a poor prognosis.
Latency of Symptom Progression in Mild Daboia palaestinae Envenomation
Authors: Avni-Maskit Moran , Pomp Ronen , Chayen Gilad , Jacob Ron 
Published: April 2022

Introduction Daboia palestinae is the most common venomous snake in Israel. In most cases, snakebite does not develop into a systemic disease. Since the introduction of specific antivenom therapy, the mortality rate has declined sharply. Nevertheless, there is still no uniform therapeutic protocol in Israel for patients who have been envenomated, and there is no current data regarding latency of symptom development. We aimed to evaluate the latency of symptom development after D palaestinae snakebite in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with local reaction. Methods This was a retrospective single-center study of all patients who presented following a snakebite from 2015 to 2020. Patients with confirmed or suspected D palaestinae bite were included. Demographical and clinical data were extracted from each electronical medical record and subjected to descriptive and comparative analysis. Results Sixty-two patients met the inclusion criteria. Their median (IQR) age was 30 (17–48) y, and 75% were male. Forty-one percent presented with local reactions to the snakebite, 29% presented with advanced local reaction, and 29% presented with systemic symptoms. Antivenom was given to 22% of patients with advanced local reaction and 89% of patients with systemic reaction. The median (IQR) time from bite to antivenom and from ED arrival to antivenom were 2 (1.5–2.5) h and 1 (0.75–1.5) h, respectively. Antivenom was administered at the latest 3.5 h after presentation to the ED for progression of local symptoms. Conclusions Our study may support a 4- to 6-h observation period in the ED for patients with mild clinical presentation after D palaestinae bite. Further larger prospective studies are needed.
Imaging the southern sky at 159 MHz using spherical harmonics with the engineering development array 2
Authors: Kriele Michael A. , Wayth Randall B. , Bentum Mark J. , Juswardy Budi , Trott Cathryn M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOne of the major priorities of international radio astronomy is to study the early universe through the detection of the 21 cm HI line from the epoch of reionisation (EoR). Due to the weak nature of the 21 cm signal, an important part in the detection of the EoR is removing contaminating foregrounds from our observations as they are multiple orders of magnitude brighter. In order to achieve this, sky maps spanning a wide range of frequencies and angular scales are required for calibration and foreground subtraction. Complementing the existing low-frequency sky maps, we have constructed a Southern Sky map through spherical harmonic transit interferometry utilising the Engineering Development Array 2 (EDA2), a Square Kilometre Array (SKA) low-frequency array prototype system. We use them-mode formalism to create an all-sky map at 159 MHz with an angular resolution of 3 degrees, with data from the EDA2 providing information over +60 degrees to –90 degrees in declination. We also introduce a new method for visualising and quantifying how the baseline distribution of an interferometer maps to the spherical harmonics and discuss how prior information can be used to constrain spherical harmonic components that the interferometer is not sensitive to.
Experience, institutions, and candidate emergence: the political career returns to state legislative service
Authors: McCrain Joshua , O'Connell Stephen D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMore than half of the current members of the US Congress served in their state legislature prior to holding federal office. We quantify the relationship between state legislative service and career progression to Congress. Using close elections for exogenous assignment of political experience across otherwise similar candidates, we show that serving in the state legislature more than doubles an individual's probability of eventually contesting a Congressional seat relative to a similar candidate who lost in a comparable election; it also doubles the individual politician's probability of eventually winning a Congressional seat. State legislatures thus create national politicians out of otherwise marginal political entrants. We then show that the effect of state legislative service on career progression is larger in more professionalized legislatures, highlighting the role of institutions in facilitating political career progression. Our results hold important implications for representation and accountability, and confirm that prevailing institutions can affect political selection via career progression.
The development process of economic evaluation guidelines in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review
Authors: Daccache Caroline , Karam Rita , Rizk Rana , Evers Silvia M. A. A. , Hiligsmann Mickaël 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo review the development of economic evaluation guidelines (EEGs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), with the goal of assisting those developing EEGs in LMICs.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search in MEDLINE (Ovid), PubMed, EconLit, Embase (Ovid), the Cochrane Library, and the gray literature until March 2021. We extracted data on the methods used in the EEG development process, the responsible party engaged, and the development team’s composition. We conducted a quality assessment, using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation-Health Systems tool, and then carried out a relative comparison.ResultsFourteen EEGs and nine studies were identified. In ten countries, the Ministry of Health was responsible for handling the development process. The majority of LMICs who developed EEGs did not explicitly report the discipline of those involved in the process. The developers of EEGs followed four main steps: conducting a review on national guidelines, organizing workshops, and getting support from international experts or from organizations. One-third of the identified EEGs failed to engage multisectoral or multidisciplinary developers, and approximately 14 percent did not follow or report any recommended step.ConclusionsThis study identified a scarcity of published information related to the development process and the suboptimal quality of included studies. It provides relevant material to support international organizations and developers of guidelines in LMICs in developing EEGs that fit their national context. In addition, this paper recommends a transparent approach to the design of guidelines and to reporting on the methods for developing them.
Serra do Divisor National Park: a protected area under threat in the south-western Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Koga Diogo Mitsuru , Brown Irving Foster , Fearnside Philip M , Salisbury David S , Silva Sonaira Souza da 
Published: April 2022

SummaryProtected areas have numerous roles (such as biodiversity preservation, the development of scientific research and the sustainable use of natural resources), but they are under threat from political and economic forces. The 837 000-ha Serra do Divisor National Park (SDNP) in the south-western Brazilian Amazon combines the conservation of natural resources and the maintenance of the productive activities ofc. 400 resident families. The Brazilian and Peruvian governments have proposed a road linking Acre (Brazil) to Ucayali (Peru) that would bisect the SDNP. Another threat to the SDNP is a bill proposing its downgrading to an ‘environmental protection area’. This study aims to map the land cover of the SDNP and its surroundings from 1988 to 2018 and to analyse the dynamics of land-use change. Analysis of Landsat satellite images with supervised classification using the MaxVer algorithm show that, during the 30-year period, pasture showed the highest absolute land-cover gain, with 1986 ha in the interior and 7661 ha along the periphery of the SDNP. Only 1% of the park’s primary forest was lost by 2018, but the proposed road and potential downgrading may result in accelerated deforestation and forest degradation in the near future.
Oral feeding dysfunction in post-operative infants with CHDs: a scoping review
Authors: Jacobwitz Marin , Dean Durning Jennifer , Moriarty Helene , James Richard , Irving Sharon Y. , Licht Daniel J. , Yost Jennifer 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPost-operative oral feeding difficulties in neonates and infants with CHD is common. While pre-operative oral feeding may be normal, oral feeding challenges manifest in the post-operative period without a clearly defined aetiology. The objective of this scoping review was to examine post-operative oral feeding in full-term neonates and infants with a CHD. Electronic databases query (1 January 1975–31 May 2021), hand-search of the reference lists of included studies, contact with experts, and review of relevant conferences were performed to identify quantitative studies evaluating post-operative oral feeding in full-term neonates and infants with a CHD. Associations with additional quantitative variables in these studies were also examined. Twenty-five studies met inclusion criteria. Eighty per cent were cohort studies that utilised retrospective chart review from a single institution. The primary variable of interest in all studies was oral feeding status upon discharge from neonatal hospitalisation. The most common risk factors evaluated with poor feeding at time of discharge were birth weight (36% of included studies), gestational age (44%), duration of post-operative intubation (48%), cardiac diagnosis (40%), and presence of genetic syndrome or chromosomal anomaly (36%). The most common health-related outcomes evaluated were length of hospital stay (40%) and length of ICU stay (16%). Only the health-related outcomes of length of hospital stay and length of ICU stay were consistently significantly associated with poor post-operative oral feeding across studies in this review. A clear aetiology of poor post-operative oral feeding remains unknown.