bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishing subclasses of childhood eczema, their risk factors and prognosis
Authors: Lopez Diego J. , Lodge Caroline J. , Bui Dinh S. , Waidyatillake Nilakshi T. , Abramson Michael J. , Perret Jennifer L. , Su John C. , Erbas Bircan , Svanes Cecilie , Dharmage Shyamali C. , Lowe Adrian J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe heterogeneity of development and progression of eczema suggests multiple underlying subclasses for which aetiology and prognosis may vary. A better understanding may provide a comprehensive overview of eczema development and progression in childhood. Thus, we aimed to determine longitudinal eczema subclasses based on assessments and identify their associations with risk factors and allergic outcomes.MethodsA total of 619 participants with a family history of allergic disease were assessed at 24 time‐points from birth to 12 years. At each time, eczema was defined as the report of current rash treated with topical steroid‐based preparations. Longitudinal latent class analysis was used to determine eczema subclasses. Subsequent analyses using regression models assessed the associations between eczema subclasses and potential risk factors and allergic outcomes at 18‐ and 25‐year follow‐ups (eczema, allergic rhinitis, asthma and allergic sensitization).ResultsWe identified five eczema subclasses ‘early‐onset persistent’, ‘early‐onset resolving’, ‘mid‐onset persistent’, ‘mid‐onset resolving’ and ‘minimal eczema’. Filaggrin null mutations were associated with the early‐onset persistent (OR = 2.58 [1.09–6.08]) and mid‐onset persistent class (OR = 2.58 [1.32–5.06]). Compared with ‘minimal eczema’, participants from early‐onset persistent class had higher odds of eczema (OR = 11.8 [5.20–26.6]) and allergic rhinitis (OR = 3.13 [1.43–6.85]) at 18 and at 25 years eczema (OR = 9.37 [3.17–27.65]), allergic rhinitis (OR = 3.26 [1.07–9.93]) and asthma (OR = 2.91 [1.14–7.43]). Likewise, mid‐onset persistent class had higher odds of eczema (OR = 2.59 [1.31–5.14]), allergic rhinitis (OR = 1.70 [1.00–2.89]) and asthma (OR = 2.00 [1.10–3.63]) at 18 and at 25 years eczema (OR = 6.75 [3.11–14–65]), allergic rhinitis (OR = 2.74 [1.28–5.88]) and asthma (OR = 2.50 [1.25–5.00]). Allergic and food sensitization in early life was more common in those in the persistent eczema subclasses.ConclusionWe identified five distinct eczema subclasses. These classes were differentially associated with risk factors, suggesting differences in aetiology, and also with the development of allergic outcomes, highlighting their potential to identify high‐risk groups for close monitoring and intervention.
Multiple anthropogenic pressures challenge the effectiveness of protected areas in western Tanzania
Authors: Giliba Richard A. , Fust Pascal , Kiffner Christian , Loos Jacqueline 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDespite being key conservation instruments, the ecological effectiveness of protected areas (PAs) is contested. To assess the ecological effectiveness of PAs in the Katavi‐Rukwa Ecosystem (KRE) in western Tanzania, we investigated temporal changes in land‐use and population densities of six large mammal target species (elephant, buffalo, giraffe, zebra, topi, and hartebeest) across areas with different conservation category, ranging from unprotected to strictly protected. During six survey periods between 1991 and 2018, we analyzed data from remote sensing and aerial wildlife surveys to derive (i) spatiotemporal patterns of cropland cover in relation to protection category; (ii) population densities of the six‐target species; and (iii) distribution of these species across protection category, land‐use and environmental variables. During the surveyed period, cropland increased from 3.4 % to 9.6 % on unprotected land and from ≤0.05 % to <1 % on protected land. Wildlife densities of most, but not all target species declined across the entire landscape, yet the onset of the observed wildlife declines occurred several years before the onset of cropland expansion. Logistic regression models indicated that target species preferred the national park over less strictly PAs and areas distant to cropland. As our data do not support a direct link between land‐use change and wildlife densities, additional factors may explain the apparent ecosystem‐wide decline in wildlife. To bolster wildlife conservation in the KRE, we recommended proactive strategies to reduce direct threats to wildlife and cropland expansion toward wildlife dispersal areas and migratory corridors.
Shorter periconception maternal telomere length and the risk of congenital cardiac outflow defects in the offspring
Authors: Aoulad Fares Damiat , Wiegel Rosalieke E. , Eggink Alex J. , Willemsen Sten P. , van Meurs Joyce B. J. , Steegers‐Theunissen Régine P. M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundCongenital cardiac outflow defects (COD) are the largest group of congenital heart defects, with ventricular septal defect (VSD) as the most prevalent phenotype. Increased maternal age, excessive oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the pathophysiology of COD and enhance telomere length (TL) shortening. We investigated the association between periconception maternal TL and the risk of having a child with COD.MethodsFrom a multicentre case‐control trial, 306 case mothers of a child with COD and 424 control mothers of a child without a congenital malformation were selected. Relative TL was measured by qPCR. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compute crude and adjusted odds ratios, per standard deviation decrease, between maternal T/S ratio and COD and VSD risk. Adjustments were made for maternal age. Additional adjustments were made in a second model.ResultsShorter maternal relative TL was significantly associated with an OR of 1.29 (95% CI 1.04–1.61), p = .02, for the risk of VSD in offspring, which remained significant after an adjustment for maternal age (adjOR 1.25(95% CI 1.01–1.55), p = .04). No association between maternal TL and the risk of overall COD in offspring was observed.ConclusionShorter maternal relative TL is associated with an approximately 1.3‐OR for the risk, per SD in relative TL shortening, of VSD in the offspring. These findings need further confirmation in other studies on the predictive value of maternal TL.
On Productivity Holism
Authors: Brudney Daniel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNPR runs a program about entrepreneurs called, “How I Built This.” By contrast, the song “Solidarity Forever” says, “It is we who plowed the prairies; built the cities where they trade/Dug the mines and built the workshops, endless miles of railroad laid.” In this article, I examine two ways to conceptualize the production of goods and services: individualistically or holistically. At issue is whose activity has significant social value. Following a thought from Elizabeth Anderson, I develop and defend a holist view of productivity. I argue that the central issue is normative: how is it best to regard the social phenomenon of extensive joint production and provision of goods and services? I begin by distinguishing different cases of joint productivity in order to focus on large scale activities. I then argue that the concept of marginal contribution does not provide a basis for viewing productivity individualistically. Overall, non‐normative arguments underdetermine the best way to regard our productive activities. I go on to present normative arguments in favor of regarding our joint productive activities holistically. I end by distinguishing four species of productivity holism and by noting issues for further research.
Utility of p63 and PTEN staining in distinguishing cervical microglandular hyperplasia from endometrial endometrioid carcinoma with microglandular/mucinous features
Authors: Aoun Batoul A. , Skala Stephanie L. 
Published: March 2022

AimsDistinction between well‐differentiated endometrial carcinoma (EMCA) with microglandular/mucinous features and benign endocervical microglandular hyperplasia (MGH) can be a diagnostic challenge, especially when tissue is limited. The immunostains used to distinguish endocervical and endometrial carcinoma are less useful when the differential diagnosis is MGH. Here, we investigate the utility of p63 and phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) to aid accurate classification.Methods and resultsCases obtained from our pathology archives included 25 EMCA with mucinous/microglandular features, 26 MGH and nine atypical microglandular proliferations. Cases were assessed for glandular architecture, presence of mucinous and/or eosinophilic luminal secretions, subnuclear vacuoles, foamy histiocytes, inflammation, squamous metaplasia, cytological atypia and mitotic activity. The presence and pattern of immunohistochemical staining for p63 and PTEN was recorded. Microglandular proliferations with cytological atypia, mitotic activity, foamy histiocytes and complex glandular architecture were more commonly seen in EMCA, while small glands, bland nuclei and subnuclear vacuoles were enriched in MGH. All MGH cases displayed p63‐positive subcolumnar reserve cells and retained PTEN expression. Four EMCA cases showed non‐specific focal p63 staining either at the surface of the tumour or in areas of squamous differentiation. p63 and PTEN immunostains accurately predicted the final diagnosis for 3 atypical microglandular proliferation cases with follow‐up.ConclusionsWhile there are morphological characteristics that differentiate EMCA and MGH, there is frequent overlap between these entities. Nonetheless, the pattern and extent of p63 and PTEN can aid accurate classification. Consistent p63‐positive subcolumnar reserve cells were seen only in MGH.
Living with suicidal feelings: Japanese non‐profit organizations for suicide prevention amid the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Yamada Yoko 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe number of suicides in Japan increased for the first time in 11 years during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This trend is particularly high among employed women and students. The Japanese government expanded its budget for providing telephone and social network service (SNS) counseling by prefectures and non‐profit organizations (NPOs). On the basis of interviews with the chairman as well as counselors of an NPO in Osaka (Japan) that has provided telephone counseling services on suicide for over 40 years, this study examines suicide and suicide prevention amid the COVID‐19 pandemic with a particular focus on how suicidal feelings are accepted. The results clarify that people do not wish to die just because of financial troubles or health problems; rather, they have lost the meaning in their life in the conflicts between social conditions and their personal life histories. Additionally, as volunteer counselors often experience the suicide of close relatives, their empathy for a caller may be based on their experiences of being overwhelmed by the realization of the otherness of others. They do not regard the acceptance of suicidal feelings as a “job,” but act as “friends.” Although modern society conceals death and suicide cases, the key to achieving a society where no one is driven into committing suicide is to place human life and human rights first as well as to talk about suicide and suicidal feelings without making the subject taboo or an aberration.
Favela Studies: Disrupting Higher Education and Research on Brazil's Urban Periphery
Authors: Scott Jason Bartholomew 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBrazilian favelas have been referred to as the most studied urban margins in the world. Noteworthy “favela studies” describe a porous urban entity that contests official definitions and popular prejudice. However, research about the favela consistently omits the work of local scholars and reflects an academic model akin to intellectual extraction. This article explores the potentials to center the favela through a critical reflection on the author's long‐term research carried out in the presence of university‐educated resident‐researchers who sought to build a university in the favela. Rather than simply adding to the number of “favela studies,” this article hopes to provoke greater support for a favela that studies both itself and a broader world.
Comparative accuracy of two veterinary‐calibrated point‐of‐care glucometers for measurement of blood glucose concentration in dogs
Authors: Wolfenden G. , James F. E. , Hung L. H. T. , Bruce M. , Thompson M. 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate and compare the accuracy of two veterinary portable blood glucose meters (AccuTell; AccubioTech; and AlphaTrak2; Abbott Laboratories).Materials and MethodsOne hundred twenty venous blood samples were obtained for immediate whole blood glucose concentration measurement using two portable blood glucose meters designed for use in dogs. Plasma glucose concentration was measured by a laboratory analyser using a hexokinase reaction method. Packed cell volume was measured for each sample. Linear regression analysis was performed and Bland–Altman plots constructed with International Standards Organisation 15197:2013 standards applied to assess relationship and agreement between results of portable blood glucose meters and laboratory analyser methods, respectively. Clarke's error grid analysis was used to assess clinical accuracy and usefulness.ResultsThe AccuTell and the AlphaTrak2 had mean differences of −0.69 ± 0.70 mmol/L (bias ± sd) and −1.09 ± 1.22 mmol/L (bias ± sd) with the reference analyser, respectively. Eighty‐eight of 120 (73.3%) samples for the AccuTell, and 73 of 120 (60.8%) samples for the AlphaTrak2 were plotted in the zone of the error grid analysis that indicated less clinical risk of misdiagnosis of glucose status. Neither device fulfilled the International Standards Organisation 15197:2013 standards for system accuracy. A statistically significant effect of packed cell volume was identified on the difference between blood glucose concentration obtained by the AlphaTrak2 and the hexokinase reaction method, but not for the AccuTell.Clinical SignificanceBoth devices do not meet International Standards Organisation 15197:2013 standards. Users should expect 95% of the samples measured with the AccuTell to be between −0.7 and +2.1 mmol/L higher than actual values, and 95% of the samples measured with the AlphaTrak2 to be between −1.3 and +3.5 mmol/L higher than actual values.
Knowledge, Trust or Perspectives? A Causal Mediation Analysis of How a Citizens’ Jury Affected Voting Intentions in the General Public
Authors: Christensen Henrik Serup , Leino Mikko , Setälä Maija , Strandberg Kim 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPrevious studies suggest that information from deliberative mini‐publics helps voters make informed and reflected judgements and act accordingly. Despite a growing body of literature, the causal mechanisms remain unclear. This study examines three causal mechanisms for affecting voting intentions in a referendum: 1) factual knowledge, 2) trusted information proxy, or 3) perspective‐taking of the opinions of others. The data come from a referendum on a municipal merger in Korsholm, Finland. In a field experiment, a statement from a citizens' jury on the merger was released to a treatment group and differences in opinions and voting intentions were compared with a control group that did not receive the statement. Causal mediation analysis examines which of the three causal mechanisms best explains how the jury's statement affected intended voting behaviour. We find that reading the statement increased factual knowledge, trust, and perspective‐taking, but only increased factual knowledge affected voting intentions.
Ultrasonography and CT of the vas deferens in a neutered male dog with chronic exogenous estrogen exposure
Authors: Harris Olivia S. , Eitzer Andrew D. , Saver Alexander , Sample Susannah J. , Loeber Samantha J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA 2‐year‐old male neutered Rat Terrier was presented for alopecia, recurrent urinary tract infections, and urinary incontinence. Abdominal ultrasound and CT identified a thin, tubular, paired structure arising from the craniodorsal aspect of an enlarged, cystic prostate. An atypical uterus masculinus was initially suspected, however it was then identified that the patient had chronic exogenous estrogen exposure, and surgical resection and histopathology was consistent with an enlarged and inflamed vas deferens. Vas deferens enlargement and vasitis secondary to chronic hyperestrogenism should be considered for a tubular, paired structure arising from the craniodorsal prostate in a male dog.
Evaluating the incidence of spinal cord injury after spinal cord stimulator implant: an updated retrospective review
Authors: Hussain Nasir , Gill Jatinder , Speer Jarod , Abdel-Rasoul Mahmoud , Abd-Elsayed Alaa , Khan Safdar , Nguyen Anthony , Simopoulos Thomas , Weaver Tristan 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionWhile spinal cord stimulator implant is an increasingly safe procedure, one of the most feared complications is spinal cord injury. Still, literature regarding its incidence remains highly variable. This retrospective analysis aims to evaluate the incidence of spinal cord injury after spinal cord stimulator implant using a large-scale claims database.MethodsThe PearlDiver-Mariner database of national all payer claims was used to identify patients who underwent spinal cord stimulator implant (percutaneous or paddle) and developed subsequent spinal cord injury within 45 days. The primary outcome was to determine the overall incidence of spinal cord injury after spinal cord stimulator implant. Secondary outcomes included an evaluation of potential factors associated with developing spinal cord injury using univariable and multivariable regression analysis.ResultsA total of 71,172 patients who underwent a spinal cord stimulator implant were included in the analysis, of which 52,070 underwent percutaneous and 19,102 underwent paddle spinal cord stimulator lead implant. The overall incidence of spinal cord injury after spinal cord stimulator implant (any lead type) was found to be 0.42% (302 patients). The incidence of spinal cord injury after percutaneous and paddle lead implants did not differ at 0.45% (233 patients) and 0.36% (69 patients)(p=0.12), respectively. Overall, variables associated with a significantly increased OR (95% confidence interval) of developing spinal cord injury included male gender by 1.31 times (1.04 to 1.65)(p=0.02); having a claim for low molecular weight heparin within 30 days by 3.99 times (1.47 to 10.82)(p<0.01); a diagnosis for osteoporosis within 1 year by 1.75 times (1.15 to 2.66)(p<0.01); and a diagnosis of cervical or thoracic spinal canal stenosis within 1 year by 1.99 (1.37 to 2.90)(p<0.001) and 4.00 (2.63 to 6.09)(p<0.0001) times, respectively.ConclusionsOverall, our results support the notion that spinal cord stimulator implant continues to be a safe procedure for chronic pain patients. However, risk factor mitigation strategies for the prevention of spinal cord injury after spinal cord stimulator implant should be undertaken prior to performing the procedure.
My Formative Years
Authors: Damisch Hubert 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A pretty perilous and challenging exercise, especially for someone like me who indulges in thinking of himself, in a somewhat defensive and questionable way, I confess, as having no specific field or period of competence and evading any precise definition or classification in academic terms. As a matter of fact, I have been lucky enough to spend most of my life in an institution, the EHESS [École des hautes études en sciences sociales], which, in those days, having become an independent school, was open to people who refused to defer to the academic division of labor and which, under the rule of great personalities like Fernand Braudel and my friend Jacques Le Goff, would welcome young people with non-conformist backgrounds in order for them to develop their formation according to their own lines. To develop it—I wouldn't say to achieve it, for as far as I am concerned there seems to be no end to it: hence the challenge, which consists in having to look back at one's own intellectual past through the viewer and the lens of the present. Part of the picture, which happened to be of great consequence to me, was, and still is, a great freedom and encouragement to travel, lecture, teach, and study abroad, in my case especially in the States, where, for a long time, I felt much more at ease with authentic art historians and critics than I did in France, and developed some deep and enduring friendships with great individuals like Meyer Schapiro, Rosalind Krauss, Tony Vidler, Tim Clark, and Hank Millon, not to mention several artists and architects I will refer to later.
Travelling: I don't claim any originality when saying that I owe to my urge to travel a large part of my formation as an art historian. I remember with emotion looking with Meyer Schapiro through his travel notebooks. I keep boxes filled with my own.
NOVELTIES IN BRAZILIAN BEGONIACEAE V: a new species from southern São Paulo state
Authors: KOLLMANN LUDOVIC JEAN CHARLES 
Published: March 2022

Begonia castrosouzae, a new species from southern São Paulo state, Brazil is described. Begonia castrosouzae is morphologically similar to Begonia magdalenensis, with which it is compared. The new species grows in hygrophilous Atlantic Forest in São Paulo. Description, comparisons with morphologically similar species, etymology, taxonomic comments, illustrations, a map and the conservation status of the new species are provided.
Statistical inference for a quasi birth–death model of RNA transcription
Authors: de Gunst Mathisca , Mandjes Michel , Sollie Birgit 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
A birth–death process of which the births follow a hypoexponential distribution with L phases and are controlled by an on/off mechanism, is a population process which we call the on/off-seq-L process. It is a suitable model for the dynamics of a population of RNA molecules in a single living cell. Motivated by this biological application, our aim is to develop a statistical method to estimate the model parameters of the on/off-seq-L process, based on observations of the population size at discrete time points, and to apply this method to real RNA data.

Methods
It is shown that the on/off-seq-L process can be seen as a quasi birth–death process, and an Erlangization technique can be used to approximate the corresponding likelihood function. An extensive simulation-based numerical study is carried out to investigate the performance of the resulting estimation method.

Results and conclusion
A statistical method is presented to find maximum likelihood estimates of the model parameters for the on/off-seq-L process. Numerical complications related to the likelihood maximization are identified and analyzed, and solutions are presented. The proposed estimation method is a highly accurate method to find the parameter estimates. Based on real RNA data, the on/off-seq-3 process emerges as the best model to describe RNA transcription.