bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative magnetic resonance spectroscopy of depression: The value of short-term metabolite changes in predicting treatment response
Authors: Wang Ranchao , Shen Yu , Li Guohai , Du Rui , Peng Aiqin 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundAlthough various prediction models of the antidepressant response have been established, the results have not been effectively applied to heterogeneous depression populations, which has seriously limited their clinical value. This study tried to build a more specific and stable model to predict treatment response in depression based on short-term changes in hippocampal metabolites.Materials and methodsSeventy-four major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and 20 healthy controls in the test set were prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed. Subjects underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) once a week during 6 weeks of treatment. Hippocampal regions of interest (ROIs) were extracted by using a voxel iteration scheme combined with standard brain templates. The short-term differences in hippocampal metabolites between and within groups were screened. Then, the association between hippocampal metabolite changes and clinical response was analyzed, and a prediction model based on logistic regression was constructed. In addition, a validation set (n = 60) was collected from another medical center to validate the predictive abilities.ResultsAfter 2–3 weeks of antidepressant treatment, the differences in indicators (tChowee0–2, tChowee0–3 and NAA week0–3) were successfully screened. Then, the predictive abilities of these three indicators were revealed in the logistic regression model, and the optimal prediction effect was found in d(tCho)week0–3-d(NAA)week0–3 (AUC = 0.841, 95%CI = 0.736-0.946). In addition, their predictive abilities were further confirmed with the validation set.LimitationsThe small sample size and the need for multiple follow-ups limited the statistical ability to detect other findings.ConclusionThe predictive model in this study presented accurate prediction and strong verification effects, which may provide early guidance for adjusting the treatment regimens of depression and serve as a checkpoint at which the eventual treatment outcome can be predicted.
Modulation of cerebral cortex activity by acupuncture in patients with prolonged disorder of consciousness: An fNIRS study
Authors: Liu Yiwei , Sun Ning , Xiong Jing , Zhou Yuanfang , Ye Xiangyin , Jiang Hua , Guo Hua , Zhi Na , Lu Jingkang , He Peijue , Yang Huilin , Li Qingbin , Sun Ruirui , He Jing 
Published: November 2022

Background and objectiveAcupuncture is a promising non-pharmacological therapy for patients with prolonged disorder of consciousness (PDOC); however, its underlying mechanism remains uncertain. This study aimed to reveal the modulatory effects of acupuncture on the cerebral cortex activity among patients with PDOC.Materials and methodsTwenty-eight PDOC patients were randomly assigned to the treatment (n = 14) or control (n = 14) group. The treatment group received one session of acupuncture, while the control group received one session of sham acupuncture. All patients underwent evaluation of the functional connectivity and activation response of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), primary motor cortex (M1), and primary somatosensory cortex (S1) via functional near-infrared spectroscopy. We further explored the potential correlation of the consciousness level and activation response/functional connectivity with acupuncture.ResultsCompared to the control group, a single session of acupuncture significantly tended to enhance resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in DLPFC-M1, DLPFC-M1, and S1-S1. And the activation level of the DLPFC (both sides) in the acupuncture group is significantly higher than those in sham acupuncture group. However, no significant correlation was found between the consciousness level and activation response/functional connectivity.ConclusionOne session of acupuncture has a significant modulation of rsFC and activation in the DLPFC, M1, and S1 with PDOC patients. Acupuncture-evoked effect may have some functional significance in PDOC patients. This is an important step toward exploring the acupuncture effects on PDOC patients.
Dynamic changes in fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in patients with chronic insomnia
Authors: Chen Wei , Wang Hui , Sun Tianze , Wu Qi , Han Wenxuan , Li Qian , Liu Yong , Zhou Yuanping , He Xiuyong 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundPrevious neuroimaging studies have mostly focused on changes in static functional connectivity in patients with chronic insomnia (CI). Features of dynamic brain activity in patients with CI have rarely been described in detail. The present study investigated changes in dynamic intrinsic brain activity in patients with CI by dynamic fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (dfALFF) analysis.Materials and methodsA total of 30 patients with CI and 27 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. We compared dfALFF between these two groups, and examined the correlation between changes in dfALFF and clinical symptoms of CI. Multivariate pattern analysis was performed to differentiate patients with CI from HCs.ResultsCompared with HC subjects, patients with CI showed significantly increased dfALFF in the left insula, right superior temporal gyrus, left parahippocampal gyrus, right amygdala, and bilateral posterior lobes of the cerebellum. Moreover, dfALFF values in the left insula and left parahippocampal gyrus showed a positive correlation with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores. A logistic regression model was constructed that had 96.7% sensitivity, 80.0% specificity, and 83.0% overall accuracy for distinguishing patients with CI from HCs.ConclusionDynamic local brain activity showed increased instability in patients with CI. The variability in dfALFF in the limbic system and brain areas related to sleep/wakefulness was associated with insomnia symptoms. These findings may provide insight into the neuropathologic basis of CI.
Systematic review on fiscal policy interventions in nutrition
Authors: Hammaker Jane , Anda Daniela , Kozakiewicz Tomasz , Bachina Vinitha , Berretta Miriam , Shisler Shannon , Lane Charlotte 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionBoth the World Health Organization and the Lancet Series on Adolescent nutrition recommend that governments adopt fiscal policies to combat diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs). However, rigorous, systematic evidence regarding the effects of these interventions is lacking.MethodsWe synthesize the available evidence regarding the impacts of taxes and subsidies that directly affect consumer prices on availability and accessibility of foods and beverages, purchasing behavior, diet quality, health and well-being outcomes as well as considerations for implementation, sustainability and equity.ResultsOur initial search returned 2,113 de-duplicated studies, and ultimately 24 impact evaluations and two systematic reviews met final eligibility criteria and represented unique evaluations. Our meta-analysis of these studies suggests that taxes may decrease purchases of taxed beverages (SMD = −0.14 [95% CI: −0.29 to −0.07], n = 15). Results should be interpreted cautiously due to considerable heterogeneity (Q(14) = 335.19, p = 0.01, τ^2=0.03, I2 = 95.82%).DiscussionThe evidence base is too limited to draw conclusions about the effects of taxes on beverages and calorie-dense foods on purchases, or on the effects of subsidies on purchasing or diet quality. Overall, the evidence base is inconclusive on whether fiscal policies can meaningfully influence the availability and accessibility of foods and beverages, diet quality, and health outcomes. Policymakers implementing fiscal policies should consider information campaigns on health benefits and health risks associated with certain food and beverage consumption. For taxes, exposure to health information may amplify signaling effects of taxes and reduce avoidance behaviors, such as cross-border shopping. Future evaluations should diversify data sources to better understand impacts on diet and health outcomes.
Correlations between circulating methylmalonic acid levels and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among patients with diabetes
Authors: Wang Jiao , Tang Yunliang , Liu Ying , Cai Wei , Xu Jixiong 
Published: November 2022

AimsEvidence regarding serum methylmalonic acid (MMA) levels and mortality in individuals with diabetes is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between MMA and all-cause and cause-specific deaths in patients with diabetes.Materials and methodsThis is a population-based cohort study based on data from both the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and National Death Index from 1999 to 2014. We assessed the association of serum MMA concentrations with mortality using Cox proportional hazard models after adjusting for lifestyle, demographic factors, and comorbidities.ResultsAmong the 3,097 participants, 843 mortalities occurred during a median follow-up of 4.42 years. There were 242 deaths due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 131 cancer-associated deaths. After multivariate adjustment, elevated serum MMA levels were markedly correlated with a high risk of all-cause, CVD-, and cancer-related deaths. Each one-unit increase in the natural log-transformed MMA level correlated with increased risk of all-cause mortality (2.652 times), CVD mortality risk (3.153 times), and cancer-related mortality risk (4.514). Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) after comparing participants with MMA &lt; 120 and ≥250 nmol/L were 2.177 (1.421–3.336) for all-cause mortality, 3.560 (1.809–7.004) for CVD mortality, and 4.244 (1.537–11.721) for cancer mortality.ConclusionHigher serum MMA levels were significantly associated with higher all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality. These findings suggest that maintaining lower MMA status may lower mortality risk in individuals with diabetes.
N6-methylandenosine-related immune genes correlate with prognosis and immune landscapes in gastric cancer
Authors: Huang Yuancheng , Zou Yushan , Tian Yanhua , Yang Zehong , Hou Zhengkun , Li Peiwu , Liu Fengbin , Ling Jiasheng , Wen Yi 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesThis study aimed to probe into the significance of N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-related immune genes (m6AIGs) in predicting prognoses and immune landscapes of patients with gastric cancer (GC).MethodsThe clinical data and transcriptomic matrix of GC patients were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The clinically meaningful m6AIGs were acquired by univariate Cox regression analysis. GC patients were stratified into different clusters via consensus clustering analysis and different risk subgroups via m6AIGs prognostic signature. The clinicopathological features and tumor microenvironment (TME) in the different clusters and different risk subgroups were explored. The predictive performance was evaluated using the KM method, ROC curves, and univariate and multivariate regression analyses. Moreover, we fabricated a nomogram based on risk scores and clinical risk characteristics. Biological functional analysis was performed based on Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. The connectivity map was used to screen out potential small molecule drugs for GC patients.ResultsA total of 14 prognostic m6AIGs and two clusters based on 14 prognostic m6AIGs were identified. A prognostic signature based on 4 m6AIGs and a nomogram based on independent prognostic factors was constructed and validated. Different clusters and different risk subgroups were significantly correlated with TME scores, the distribution of immune cells, and the expression of immune checkpoint genes. Some malignant and immune biological processes and pathways were correlated with the patients with poor prognosis. Ten small molecular drugs with potential therapeutic effect were screened out.ConclusionsThis study revealed the prognostic role and significant values of m6AIGs in GC, which enhanced the understanding of m6AIGs and paved the way for developing predictive biomarkers and therapeutic targets for GC.
Single-cell analyses reveal the therapeutic effects of ATHENA and its mechanism in a rhabdomyosarcoma patient
Authors: Liu Yujun , Wang Ke , Zhou Yanli , Zhuang Xibing , Shao Shali , Qiao Fulu , Wang Xiangdong , Zou Xin , Qiao Tiankui 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundWhole-cell tumor vaccines tend to suffer from low immunogenicity. Our previous study showed that irradiated lung cancer cell vaccines in mouse models enhance antitumor efficacy by eliciting an intensive T cells response and improving immunogenicity. Based on these findings, we developed an improved whole-cell tumor vaccine, Autologous Tumor Holo antigEn immuNe Activation (ATHENA).MethodsIn this study, we report the successful treatment of a 6-year-old male diagnosed with meningeal rhabdomyosarcoma with pulmonary and liver metastases using ATHENA. After 6 cycles of therapy, PET/CT showed the therapeutic efficacy of ATHENA. We profiled the immune response by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Flow cytometry analysis was implemented to validate the status transitions of CD8+ T cells.ResultsIn CD8+ T cells, the exhausted status was weakened after treatment. The exhausted CD4+ T cells shifted towards the central memory phenotype after the treatment. Breg cells were converted to Plasma or Follicular B cells. Survival analysis for pan-cancer and transcription factor analysis indicated that such T cell and B cell transitions represent the recovery of antitumoral adaptive immune response. We validated that the proportion of CD279+CD8+ T cells were reduced and the expression of CD44 molecule was upregulated by flow cytometry assay.ConclusionSuch studies not only show that ATHENA therapy may be a promising alternative treatment for tumor patients but provide a novel idea to analyses the mechanisms of rare cases or personalized cancer treatment.
Coping strategies and considerations regarding low anterior resection syndrome and quality of life among patients with rectal cancer; a qualitative interview study
Authors: Laursen Birgitte Schantz , Sørensen Gitte Kjær , Majgaard Margit , Jensen Line Byskov , Jacobsen Karen Irene , Kjær Dorte Kløve , Juul Therese , Christensen Peter , Mikkelsen Anette Højer 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionLow anterior resection syndrome (LARS) is defined as disordered bowel function following rectal resection, which is detrimental to quality of life (QoL). A recent international consensus definition of LARS stresses the importance of focusing on both the symptoms and the consequences that the symptoms have for the individual patient as studies indicate that LARS has a negative impact on patients’ QoL. However, an ongoing PROM study investigating late sequelae after rectal cancer finds that a minor proportion of patients scoring major LARS experience none or only little impact on quality of lifeAimThe aim of this study was to identify patients’ considerations and coping strategies to establish why the burden caused by major LARS had little or no influence on their QoL.Materials and methodsThis was a qualitative interview study based on 21 semi-structured individual telephone interviews with patients treated for rectal cancer. Data were analysed using a hermeneutic inspired thematic analysis.Results and conclusionThree themes emerged from the analysis; Adapting new life situation, Altering life perception and the Importance of relationships. Major LARS and its consequences following rectal cancer may be managed or altered by adopting problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies. Maintaining a positive attitude and having a good network of family and friends constitute a surplus, allowing patients to cope with the need for changed behaviour and appreciate the life that they have been given. Accepting that major LARS and its consequences cause limitations in life allowed patients to change their normality threshold over time.
Analysis of the safety and efficacy of different plasma concentrations of pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Li Hui , Yang Jing , Chen Shanshan , Wang Peile , Yu Xueqing , Zhou Qingwei , Zhang Xiaojian , Zhang Guojun 
Published: November 2022

The high incidence and mortality of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have led to the widespread use of antifibrotic drugs such as pirfenidone; however, the associated adverse reactions greatly vary among individuals and the dose is not fixed. To date, no reliable blood concentration range of pirfenidone is available to monitor adverse reactions and clinical efficacy. This real study assessed the efficacy and safety of different plasma concentrations of pirfenidone in patients with IPF. The study included 99 patients with IPF orally treated with pirfenidone capsules for at least 52 weeks. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry was used to analyze drug plasma concentrations. The annual rate of forced vital capacity (FVC) decline, assessed at week 52, was set as the primary end point. Secondary end points were the change from the baseline in the 6-min walk distance (6 MWD) and the time to the first acute exacerbation of IPF, both of which evaluated over 52 weeks. In the total population, the annual FVC decline in the high-concentration group was −90.0 ml per year versus −260.0 ml per year in the low-concentration group, for a between-group difference of 190.3 ml per year. The proportion of patients treated with high plasma concentrations of pirfenidone who showed an absolute decline of ≥10% in FVC% predicted, with a 6 MWD reduction of ≥50 m, or died, was lower than that of patients treated with low plasma concentrations of pirfenidone. High concentrations of pirfenidone reduced the risk of acute exacerbation in patients with IPF. Considerable differences were not observed for the total St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire score or the rates of death between the high- and low-concentration groups. Mild to moderate adverse events, mainly involving the gastrointestinal system and the skin, were more common in the high-concentration group than in the low-concentration group but did not lead to termination of treatment in most cases. Our results suggest that treatment of IPF with high blood concentration of pirfenidone is both safe and effective. In the case of tolerable adverse reactions, patients with IPF may benefit from high concentrations of pirfenidone.
Integration of transcriptomics and metabolomics reveals the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of nafamostat mesylate on rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury
Authors: Guo Wenli , Wang Yu , Wu Yuxuan , Liu Jiang , Li Ying , Wang Jing , Ou Santao , Wu Weihua 
Published: November 2022

Objective: To investigate the role and mechanisms of action of nafamostat mesylate (NM) in rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury (RIAKI).Methods: RIAKI rats were assigned into control group (CN), RIAKI group (RM), and NM intervention group (NM). Inflammatory cytokines and proenkephalin a 119–159 (PENKID) were assessed. Cell apoptosis and glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX4) were detected using TUNEL assay and immunohistochemical staining. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was detected by JC-1 dye. The expression of genes and metabolites after NM intervention was profiled using transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were validated using qPCR. The KEGG and conjoint analysis of transcriptome and metabolome were used to analyze the enriched pathways and differential metabolites. The transcription factors were identified based on the animal TFDB 3.0 database.Results: Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and PENKID were remarkably higher in the RM group and lower in the NM group compared to the CN group. Pro-inflammatory cytokines increased in the RM group and notably decreased following NM treatment compared to the CN group. Tubular pathological damages were markedly attenuated and renal cell apoptosis was reduced significantly in the NM group compared to the RM group. The expression of GPX4 was lower in the RM group compared to the CN group, and it increased significantly after NM treatment. A total of 294 DEGs were identified in the RM group compared with the NM group, of which 192 signaling pathways were enriched, and glutathione metabolism, IL-17 signaling, and ferroptosis-related pathways were the top-ranking pathways. The transcriptional levels of Anpep, Gclc, Ggt1, Mgst2, Cxcl13, Rgn, and Akr1c1 were significantly different between the NM and RM group. Gclc was the key gene contributing to NM-mediated renal protection in RIAKI. Five hundred and five DEGs were annotated. Compared with the RM group, most of the upregulated DEGs in the NM group belonged to Glutathione metabolism, whereas most of the downregulated DEGs were related to the transcription factor Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction.Conclusion: NM protects the kidneys against RIAKI, which is mainly associated with NM mediated regulation of glutathione metabolism, inflammatory response, ferroptosis-related pathways, and the related key DEGs. Targeting these DEGs might emerge as a potential molecular therapy for RIAKI.
Double-parameter sensing of voltage and magnetic field based on photonic crystal fiber
Authors: Shi Weihua , Mu Rongqiu , Guo Xiaochen , Jiang Rushan , Shangguan Mingyu , Li Qing Feng , Zhang Huiyi , Zhang Ling , Wan Hongdan 
Published: November 2022

In this paper, a new type of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor is proposed for detecting the voltage and magnetic field simultaneously. In the PCF, an air hole of the cladding is coated with gold film and filled with the liquid crystal, thus the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) channel is formed to detect the voltage. While another air hole of the cladding is filled with magnetic fluids, the directional coupling channel is formed to detect the magnetic field. The SPR sensing channel and directional coupling channel are relatively independent. A finite element method (FEM) has been used for the optimization of the structure parameters, transmission characteristics of different modes, and analysis of the sensing characteristics. Numerical results reveal that the voltage sensitivity is 2.11 nm/V in the range of 5–35 V and the magnetic field sensitivity is 0.86 nm/Oe in the range of 90–210 Oe.
The effect of dobutamine on ocular blood flow of healthy adults: A 3D pseudocontinuous aterial spin labelling study
Authors: Cai Linkun , Niu Haijun , Ren Pengling , Liu Yawen , Zhang Tingting , Liu Dong , Zhao Erwei , Zhu Liang , Li Jing , Qiao Penggang , Zheng Wei , Wang Zhenchang 
Published: November 2022

Purpose: Ocular blood flow (OBF) is an important risk factor for incidence, prevalence and progression of some ocular disorders. To date, there are very limited therapeutic options to increase OBF. This study investigated the effect of dobutamine on OBF of heathy adults using 3D pseudocontinuous arterial spin labelling (3D-pcASL), and explored the risk factors associated with OBF.Methods: Forty-three healthy participants (86 eyes) were given an intravenous injection of dobutamine. We measured OBF using 3D-pcASL with a 3.0T- MRI scanner, OBF values were independently obtained by two doctors from the OBF map. We also collected physiological parameters using a vital signs monitor. The OBF and physiological parameters in the in the period before and after dobutamine injection states were obtained.Results: OBF increased significantly after dobutamine injection using paired t test method (from 22.43 ± 9.87 to 47.73 ± 14.02 ml/min/100g, p &lt; 0.001). Age, heart rate and systolic blood pressure were the main risk factors affecting OBF using logistic regression analysis (all p values &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study observing the effect of dobutamine on OBF. Our findings indicated that intravenously injected dobutamine increased OBF, making it a possible option to counteract ocular vascular ischaemia in the future.