bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virus and Viruslike Diseases of Grapes
Authors: Goheen A. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Several diseases of grapes are caused by agents that invade and become systemic in plant tissues. These are infectious agents that have a common viruslike characteristic and are transmitted by grafting and therefore spread by nursery stocks. For most, natural spread in the field is very slow, lower than the rate of normal vineyard replacement. In other words, a healthy vineyard planted in clean soil would remain free of many of these diseases during the normal productive lifespan of the planting. However, if the grower introduces the disease with his planting stock, the vineyard is diseased and remains affected until it is pulled and replanted. Some of the pathogens that cause these obscure diseases are viruses; others are mycoplasmalike organisms and rickettsialike bacteria; still others have defied characterization.
Strawberry Viruses1
Authors: Fulton J. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The problem of viruses in commerical strawberry production is similar to that in many vegetatively propagated crops. That is, viruses introduced into a planting stock remain with it from generation to generation unless special provisions are made for their elimination. The situation is further complicated by the fact that most viruses or groups of viruses produce only obscure symptoms in commercial strawberry cultivars, and special indexing procedures are required for their detection and identification. A review of virus diseases of strawberries was published in 1970(4). This paper will not duplicate that review but will present only a summary of background information deemed necessary to understand the current situation in virus diseases of strawberries and their control.
Rubus Virus Diseases Important in the United States1
Authors: Converse Richard H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cultivated Rubus species (blackberries, black raspberries, and red raspberries) are commonly infected with various virus diseases in the U.S. This review emphasizes the role of horticultural research and extension in Rubus virus control. A few virus and mycoplasma diseases are discussed that do not now occur in, but are potential threats to, Rubus growing in the U.S.
Citrus Tree Virus and Viruslike Diseases
Authors: Wutscher Heinz K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Diseases caused by viruses and mycoplasmalike organisms are among the most serious citrus production problems. Mycoplasmas are, of course, much larger than viruses and contain both RNA and DNA. Many are obligate parasites, but some are not (54, 55). From a horticultural point of view, mycoplasmalike diseases of citrus are much like virus diseases. The first citrus disease shown to be caused by a virus was psorosis in 1933 (32). About 20 virus and viruslike diseases of citrus are recognized now (53, 55, 56); to cite an exact number is difficult because, like taxonomists, citrus virologists disagree on which diseases should be lumped together and which should be considered separately. Recent summaries of citrus virus research have been published (7, 54, 55, 56, 80, 89, 126). Table 1 summarizes the more important virus and viruslike diseases of citrus.
Effects of Viruses on Deciduous Fruit Trees
Authors: Cameron H. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
It is now generally accepted that virus, or virus-like, diseases are common in many of our fruit crops. Only 5 virus diseases of stone fruits were known in 1930 (22), 48 were reported in 1951 (1) and 95 in 1976 (2). For many of these diseases the causal agent has not been identified, but because the disease is graft transmissible, and no visible organism can be found, the disease is attributed to a virus. Since 1968, some of these diseases have been shown to be associated with mycoplasmalike bodies, spiroplasmas, and viroids. Probably other types of infectious agents will be found in the future. However for the purposes of this paper, all of these causal agents will be considered in the general grouping of virus-like entities.
Glyphosate Injury Symptom Expression in Citrus1
Authors: Tucker D. P. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Citrus trees to which glyphosate (N-phosphonomethylglycine) was intentionally applied at 1.7, 3.3 and 6.6 kg/ha exhibited varying degrees of toxicity depending on tree age, location on tree sprayed, tissue maturity, and application rate. Symptoms included defoliation, twig dieback, malformed regrowth and callus inhibition around wound areas sprayed with glyphosate. While translocation from sprayed limbs was minimal, it was quite marked in citrus seedlings.
Effect of Fall-applied Boron Sprays on Fruit Set and Yield of ‘Italian’ Prune1
Authors: Chaplin M. H. , Stebbins R. L. , Westwood M. N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Boron sprays applied in the fall to ‘Italian’ prune trees (Prunus domestica L.) not deficient in boron resulted in a significant increase in fruit set and yield the following year. Analysis of midshoot leaf tissue the August following treatment showed no differences in boron content. These data indicate a possible transitory need for boron during the floral development and fruit set processes in ‘Italian’ prune which cannot be diagnosed by traditional leaf analysis.
Water Dips Increase CO2-associated Peel Injury in ‘Golden Delicious’ Apple1
Authors: Lau Oi-lim , Looney Norman E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Wetting ‘Golden Delicious’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) by dipping or vacuum infiltration in water for 5 minutes before a 10-day prestorage 18% CO2 treatment increased (CO2-associated peel injury. Dipping in 20°C water resulted in more injury than a 6° water dip and vacuum infiltration with 20° water resulted in the most severe injury. A detailed scoring system for external CO2 injury is described.
B4000-3 Snap Bean Breeding Line1
Authors: Wyatt J. E. , Hoffman J. C. , Deakin J. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Breeding line B4000-3 is a white-seeded, bush-type snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) developed by the U. S. Vegetable Laboratory (USVL). B4000-3 has several characteristics of value to snap bean breeding programs. It has been tested for several seasons throughout the United States and has shown adaptation to diverse environments.
Florida 1011 Tomato Breeding Line1
Authors: Volin R. B. , Augustine J. J. , Bryan H. H. , Burgis D. S. , Crill Pat , Strobel J. W. , John C. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Florida 1011, an inbred line of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was developed at the Agricultural Research and Education Center in Homestead and Bradenton in cooperation with the H. J. Heinz Company. The line is designated Florida 1011 in recognition of its Southern Tomato Exchange Program (STEP) designation (3).
Rx for Horticultural Science in the Tropics
Authors: Malo Simón E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
There are many factors which slow down and hinder the wheels of scientific and academic activities in tropical countries. One of these and perhaps the most important is the lack of continuity in programs of research and teaching. This is particularly true with long term crops such as some tropical fruits where continuity is the indispensable element needed to reach a successful climax of research efforts. But continuity is also the crucial ingredient in any other phase of horticultural research or for that matter, any phase of biological science.
Cost of Propagating Broccoli Plants through Tissue Culture1
Authors: Anderson W. C. , Meagher G. W. , Nelson A. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Costs were estimated for vegetatively producing plants of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. (Italica group) through tissue culture with 3 culture stages and growing the plants 7 weeks in the greenhouse to field transplant size. The analysis was based on producing 11,000 finished transplants per week. Unit costs were estimated at 11.6¢ for tissue culture production of each plantlet and an additional 3.8¢ greenhouse cost for growing to transplant size.
In Vitro Propagation of Horseradish with Leaf Pieces
Authors: Meyer Martin M. , Milbrath G. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Horseradish (Armoracia lapathifolia Gilib. Cruciferae) is one of the few horticultural crops propagated as true root cuttings. This perpetuates many viruses and root borne diseases causing yield reductions (2) as growers take propagation material from production fields. Multiplication of new and virus-free cultivars takes time by root cuttings and stock is subject to reinfection from existing cultivars and other members of the Cruciferae. Wurm (3) found the hypocotyl and stem of seedlings of horse-radish would form adventitious shoots. We have found that whole leaf cuttings of horseradish develop roots under mist and subsequently generate shoots from the base of the petiole. However, while small pieces of leaf blade die before generating plants under mist, these pieces can produce plants under sterile conditions by in vitro techniques as follows:
Shoot Culture for Almond and Almond-Peach Hybrid Clones in Vitro1
Authors: Tabachnik Lea , Kester Dale E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A method for growing almond (Prunus amygdalus Batsch) and almond-peach hybrid shoots in vitro is described using dormant shoot buds collected from December to February and stored at 3°C. Shoot tips can be in cultured in 0.7 to 0.8% agar, modified Knop’s macroelement mineral solution, 2% sucrose, FeEDTA, microelements and organic supplements of Murashige and Skoog medium, 6-benzyladenine (BA), and light. At 0.1 mg/liter, BA produced shoot elongation; at 1 mg/liter, lateral shoot proliferation. Limited rooting has been obtained.
Effect of Irrigation Method on Essential Oil Yield and Rate of Oil Evaporation in Mint Grown under Controlled Condition1
Authors: Croteau Rodney 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Peppermint (Mentha piperita L. cv. Black Mitcham) grown in a controlled environment under simulated sprinkler irrigation produced essential oil in 23% lower yield than did identical plants grown under simulated furrow irrigation. With spearmint (M. spicata L.) sprinkler irrigation produced oil yields 34% lower than furrow irrigation. When the sprinkler system was on, the rate of essential oil evaporation increased 4 to 5-fold over the rate increase observed in furrow irrigated controls, and an elevated rate of evaporation persisted for several hours after cessation of sprinkling. Physical damage to the oil glands by falling water droplets did not appear to be the major cause of increased evaporation, as studies in water-saturated chambers showed that high humidity alone could cause rapid rates of oil evaporation. Apparently, wetting of the foliage under sprinkler irrigation results in hydration and swelling of the cuticle enclosing the oil glands. Consequently, the permeability of the cuticular membrane may be altered, allowing more rapid evaporation of the volatile oil. The increased rate of oil evaporation in sprinkler irrigated mint may be one of the factors responsible for lowered yields with this irrigation method.
Seed Germination of Myrica pennsylvanicum L.1
Authors: Hamilton D. F. , Carpenter P. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Germination of Myrica pennsylvanicum was increased by exogenous application of kinetin to scarified, cold-stratified seeds. Gibberellic acid (GA3) at 500 and 900 ppm decreased time required for stratification and increased total percentage germination. GA3 was more effective than kinetin for increasing germination.
‘Canadice’ Grape1
Authors: Pool R. M. , Watson J. P. , Kimball K. H. , Einset J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Canadice’ (Fig. 1) has been released by the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station to fill the need for seedless grapes well adapted to the growing conditions in the viticultural areas of northeastern North America. It is the first of the “second generation” seedless grapes to be released from the Geneva grape breeding program. Previously, 5 seedless cultivars have been released from Geneva, all the result of crosses in which one parent is a winter tender cultivar of Vitis vinifera L. (2). They are at best somewhat susceptible to winter injury. ‘Canadice’ was produced from a cross between one of the Geneva seedless cultivars with another cultivar well adapted to the growing conditions of the northeast.
‘Glenora’ Grape1
Authors: Pool R. M. , Watson J. P. , Kimball K. H. , Einset J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A major objective of the grape breeding program at Geneva has been to combine the seedless character available in certain grapes of Mediterranean origin with the winter cold hardiness and disease resistance of grapes of American origin so that the resulting progeny will be suited to the growing conditions of northeastern North America. From this program, 4 white and 1 red seedless (steno-spermocarpic) cultivars have been released and planted widely (2). There has been considerable demand for a blue, seedless grape similar to those already released. ‘Glenora’ meets this demand.
Multiple Cropping Potentials of Beans and Maize1
Authors: Francis Charles A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Multiple cropping systems are characterized by high plant species diversity, closed cycling of nutrients, reduced pest incidence, erosion control, low but stable yields, and an intensive exploitation of limited land resources. Used on small farms in Latin America for centuries, bean-maize systems provide a source of income and a balanced diet for the farm family. Limited technology has reached this sector of the agricultural population, and new research reveals an impressive potential for improving yields in the bean-maize cropping system.
Taiwan – Workshop for Asian Vegetable Research
Authors: Cowell Robert 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Doomsday reports of Asian food shortages seem contradicted in this central Taiwan vegetable field (cover). While grandmother and mother bundle spinach for market, grandaughter naps peacefully on mother's back. Industrious farmers have successfully exploited their island's limited cropland and made vegetable production an important component of the intensive agriculture which enables Taiwan to enjoy self-sufficiency in food.
Low Pressure Storage for Horticultural Crops1
Authors: Lougheed E. C. , Murr D. P. , Berard Luce 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Controlled atmosphere (CA) storage has proven notably successful for storing some apple cultivars and has been adopted on a wide commercial scale. However, CA storage of other crops has had variable success (39). Since the inception of CA storage, the only major innovation in storage practices with a potential broadscale application is the use of sub-atmospheric pressures (hypo-baric storage, low pressure storage, LPS). The inventor has coined the name hypobaric for this method (20). We prefer the term low pressure storage because it is less “medicinal” in implication and is readily shortened to LPS. Although LPS has been discussed in textbooks (1, 21, 71, 75), commercial use is still restricted to a few mobile vans. In the belief that LPS is technically possible on a large scale and may offer advantages over current methods, this review undertakes to examine the potential application of LPS to selected horticultural crops.
Chemical Defoliation of Pin Oak in the Expanding Leaf Stage1
Authors: Sterrett J. P. , Creager R. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Low levels of 7-oxabicyclo(2,2,1)heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (endothall), ranging from 37.5 to 300 ppm, combined with 1000 ppm of (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) and sprayed on pin oak (Quercus palustris Muenchh.) seedling sprouts in the greenhouse caused temporary defoliation during the initial stages of leaf development. Defoliation was 75 to 86% with a 75 ppm endothall/1000 ppm ethephon combination applied during the first 27 days of leaf expansion. In field trials a 75 ppm/1000 ppm, endothall/ethephon combination defoliated 85% of 17 year-old pin oak trees in the expanding leaf stage. Shoot damage was negligible and foliar density of field trees reached 90% of control 10 weeks after defoliation.
Micropropagation of African Violet from Petiole Cross-sections1
Authors: Bilkey P. C. , McCown B. H. , Hildebrandt A. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
When optimal levels of growth substances, particularly cytokinins, are utilized, about 5,000 commercially useable plantlets of African violet (Saintpaulia ionautha Wendl.) can be generated from a single petiole in 3-4 months. Murashige and Skoog (MS) high salt medium containing 0.1 mg/liter α-naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA) and 0.01 mg/liter benzyladenine (BA) proved adequate for 2 mm petiole cross-sections.
Tissue Culture Propagation of Head Lettuce1
Authors: Koevary K. , Rappaport L. , Morris L. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Plants of head lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) were rapidly regenerated in vitro using apex segments, expanded axial buds, and leaf sections. Shoot development occurred after 14 days on Miller’s medium plus 5.0 mg/liter 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA) and 0.5 mg/liter kinetin at 22.5°C. Root initiation was induced by transferring rootless plantlets to Miller’s medium plus 1 mg/liter indolebutyric acid (IBA) for 2 weeks. Plants were transplanted to pots 4 weeks after initial culturing, and to the field within an additional 3 to 5 weeks. Heads appeared similar to those propagated from seed and viable seed was produced.
Effects of Pine Vole Damage on Tree Vigor and Fruit Yield in New York Apple Orchards1
Authors: Pearson Karen , Forshey C. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Effects of pine vole (Microtus pinetorum LeConte) damage on tree vigor and fruit yield, size, and grade were studied for ‘McIntosh’, ‘Delicious’, and ‘Rome Beauty’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.). Pine vole damage reduced yield and fruit size and increased fruit color. The net effect was a significant reduction in the dollar value of the fruit for each of the 3 cultivars.
‘Harcot’ Apricot1
Authors: Layne Richard E. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Harcot’ is an attractive, early season, high quality apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) with adequate cold hardiness and resistance to bacterial spot [Xantho-monas pruni (E.F.Sm.) Dows.], brown rot [Monilinia fructicola (Wint.) Honey], and perennial canker (Leucostoma spp.). It was introduced in 1977 to meet the need in Ontario for a better adapted, cold hardy and disease resistant cultivar for the fresh market.
‘Patriot’ Tomato1
Authors: Hills W. A. , Wann E. V. , Dukes P. D. , Fassuliotis George , Wells J. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Patriot’ is a determinate tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) with excellent fruit color, developed primarily as a fresh-market or home-garden type. It is resistant to root knot and fusarium wilt.
‘Hazel’ Geranium1
Authors: Buck Griffith J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Galaxie’, one of the early garden geraniums (Pelargonium X hortorum Bailey) originating from the Iowa State Univ. breeding program, was well received by both gardeners and industry because of its compact, free-flowering habit and general ease of culture. Its faults of uninteresting flower color and a tendency to injury by Botrytis cinerea Pers. and two-spotted mites were common to others of its color class; namely, ‘Penny’ (syn. ‘Penny Irene’) ‘Irvington Beauty’ (syn. ‘Rose-Pink Flat’), and ‘Pink Abundance’. The new cultivar ‘Hazel’ (Fig. 1) has the compact, floriferous plant habit of ‘Galaxie’, but improves upon its disease and mite tolerance and flower color. ‘Hazel’ is derived from a breeding program in which major stress has been placed upon developing garden geraniums capable of growing and flowering in areas subject to high summer temp at night and the high relative humidity, the usual climatic pattern in the Midwestern U.S.
The Role of Internal Factors and Exogenous Control in Flowering, Peel Growth, and Abscission in Citrus1
Authors: Monselise Shaul P. , Goren Raphael 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Flowering, peel growth and abscission provide examples of processes regulated by endogenous hormonal balance and susceptible of reacting to applied growth substances. Knowledge, accumulated during recent years, of internal balances and of reactions elicited by exogenous factors, has been integrated. Aspects of mode of action, dynamics of processes, the time component, non-hormonal factors and their interaction with internal hormonal balance and applied regulators are discussed in relation to application.
Woody Ornamental Winter Storage
Authors: Fretz Thomas A. , Smith Elton M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Ohio Cooperative Extension Service and The Ohio State University sponsored a symposium December 9-10, 1977 for members of the nursery production and scientific communities to update their knowledge and exchange ideas as it related to the winter storage of woody ornamentals. The symposium participants discussed the physiology of winter storage, pre-storage practices, determining maturity and prediction of harvest dates, acclimating plants to storage, principles of common and refrigerated storage, construction and orientation of storage structures, poly-coverings, disease control, anti-transpirants, minimum-heat, thermoblankets, heat saving techniques, and future needs. A summary of the discussions as well as research ideas are presented in this report. Copies of the proceedings of the Woody Ornamentals Winter Storage Symposium can be obtained for $5.00. Persons interested should enclose a check payable to Storage Symposium to Dr. Elton M. Smith, Department of Horticulture, 2001 Fyffe Court, Columbus, Oh, 43210.
Faculty Evaluation: A Department Chairman’s Perception
Authors: Rollins H. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Faculty evaluation and counseling when carried out effectively can lead to departmental excellence. Conducted improperly, however, the procedure can, and often does, create anxieties and inhibit total team effort. The faculty evaluation, counseling, and reward system, to be effective, must stimulate progress toward departmental goals and objectives. If the reward system within the entire university is such as to disregard the assigned goals and missions of the department, then the process will likely be counterproductive.
In Vitro Propagation of Gloxinia from Leaf Explants1
Authors: Johnson Becky B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Haramaki (1) reported that apical sections from vegetative shoots could be used to propagate gloxinia in vitro. The number of plants that could be produced from a single tuber was limited, however, since new vegetative shoots were individually placed on medium. More plants could be produced from a single tuber if leaf explants instead of shoots were used. In this paper I report an in vitro method to propagate gloxinia from leaf explants.
Influence of Light Intensity and Date of Explantation on Growth of Geranium Callus1
Authors: Hammerschlag F. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Explants from haploid, diploid, and tetraploid geraniums (Pelargonium ⨯ hortorum Bailey) were grown under 1, 5, and 10 klx of continuous cool white fluorescent lamps. Maximum callus production, measured by fresh weight increase occurred at 5 klx for ‘Kleine Liebling (haploid) and at 1 klx for ‘Sprinter’ (diploid) and ‘Sincerity’ (tetraploid). All cultivars grew poorly at 10 klx. Increase in fresh weight of ‘Sprinter’ tissue was 3 times greater than that of ‘Kleine Liebling’ and ‘Sincereity’ at 1 klx and 2 times greater at 5 klx. Differences among light treatments and among cultivars were more apparent with explants taken in winter versus explants taken in the summer.