bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulse‐potential electrochemistry to boost real‐life application of pseudocapacitive dual‐doped polypyrrole
Authors: Sun Fang‐Fang , Li Wen‐Han , Huang Zi‐Hang , Sun Wenping , Dou Yuhai , Yuan Ding , Jia Baohua , Ma Tianyi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPolypyrrole (PPy) is a very promising pseudocapacitive electrode material for supercapacitors. However, the poor electrochemical performances and cycling stability caused by volumetric change and counterion drain severely limited its practical application and commercialization. Herein, we present a pulse‐potential polymerization strategy for uniformly depositing a dual‐doped PPy with ordered and shorter molecular structure by balancing the concentration polarization. Such a strategy ensures more homogeneous stress distribution of PPy during ultralong cycling tests and improves the cycle stability. Moreover, the pulse‐potential polymerized PPy with dual anion doping behavior induces enhanced protonation level and improved electrical conductivity, which boosting the charge transfer kinetics. Therefore, the as‐synthesized PPy exhibits a remarkable capacitance performance (7250 mF/cm2 @ 3 mA/cm2), outstanding rate capability (3073 mF/cm2 @ 200 mA/cm2) and a long cycle life. The assembled symmetric and asymmetric supercapacitors (ASC) exhibit good energy densities (0.8 mWh/cm2 for ASC and 0.5 mWh/cm2 for symmetric supercapacitor), and excellent durability with zero capacitive loss after 35,000 cycles. In addition, we have fabricated small pouch devices, which can effectively operate a variety of electronic products (including the high‐voltage 5 V smartphone, and tablet) and well withstand the external extreme tests during operation, demonstrating the quantitative investigation of the real‐life application of aqueous supercapacitors.
Glyphosate‐based herbicide induces long‐lasting impairment in neuronal and glial differentiation
Authors: Reis Luã , Raciti Marilena , Rodriguez Patricia González , Joseph Bertrand , Al Rayyes Ibrahim , Uhlén Per , Falk Anna , da Cunha Lima Suzana Telles , Ceccatelli Sandra 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGlyphosate‐based herbicides (GBH) are among the most sold pesticides in the world. There are several formulations based on the active ingredient glyphosate (GLY) used along with other chemicals to improve the absorption and penetration in plants. The final composition of commercial GBH may modify GLY toxicological profile, potentially enhancing its neurotoxic properties. The developing nervous system is particularly susceptible to insults occurring during the early phases of development, and exposure to chemicals in this period may lead to persistent impairments on neurogenesis and differentiation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long‐lasting effects of a sub‐cytotoxic concentration, 2.5 parts per million of GBH and GLY, on the differentiation of human neuroepithelial stem cells (NES) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). We treated NES cells with each compound and evaluated the effects on key cellular processes, such as proliferation and differentiation in daughter cells never directly exposed to the toxicants. We found that GBH induced a more immature neuronal profile associated to increased PAX6, NESTIN and DCX expression, and a shift in the differentiation process toward glial cell fate at the expense of mature neurons, as shown by an increase in the glial markers GFAP, GLT1, GLAST and a decrease in MAP2. Such alterations were associated to dysregulation of key genes critically involved in neurogenesis, including PAX6, HES1, HES5, and DDK1. Altogether, the data indicate that subtoxic concentrations of GBH, but not of GLY, induce long‐lasting impairments on the differentiation potential of NES cells.
Including ethnic minorities in dementia research: Recommendations from a scoping review
Authors: Brijnath Bianca , Croy Samantha , Sabates Julieta , Thodis Antonia , Ellis Stephanie , de Crespigny Fleur , Moxey Annette , Day Robert , Dobson Annette , Elliott Cerise , Etherington Cathy , Geronimo Mary Ann , Hlis Danijela , Lampit Amit , Low Lee‐Fay , Straiton Nicola , Temple Jeromey 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionEthnicity influences dementia etiology, prognosis, and treatment, while culture shapes help‐seeking and care. Despite increasing population diversity in high‐income settlement countries, ethnic minorities remain underrepresented in dementia research. We investigated approaches to enhance the recruitment, and consistent collection and analysis of variables relevant to, ethnic minorities in dementia studies to make recommendations for consistent practice in dementia research.MethodsWe did a scoping review, searching Embase, PsycINFO, Medline, CENTRAL, and CINAHL between January 1, 2010 and January 7, 2020. Dementia clinical and cohort studies that actively recruited ethnic minorities in high‐income countries were included. A steering group of experts developed criteria through which high‐quality studies were identified.ResultsSixty‐six articles were retrieved (51 observational; 15 experimental). Use of interpreters and translators (n = 17) was the most common method to facilitate participant recruitment. Race and ethnicity (n = 59) were the most common variables collected, followed by information on native language (n = 14), country of birth (n = 9), and length of time in country of settlement (n = 8). Thirty‐three studies translated or used a culturally validated instrument. Twenty‐three articles conducted subgroup analyses based on ethnicity. Six high‐quality studies facilitated inclusion through community engagement, collected information on multiple aspects of ethnic diversity, and adjusted/substratified to analyze the impact of ethnicity on dementia.DiscussionWe make recommendations for consistent recruitment, collection, and reporting of variables relating to ethnic and cultural diversity in dementia research.
A starch‐ and sucrose‐reduced dietary intervention in irritable bowel syndrome patients produced a shift in gut microbiota composition along with changes in phylum, genus, and amplicon sequence variant abundances, without affecting the micro‐RNA levels
Authors: Nilholm Clara , Manoharan Lokeshwaran , Roth Bodil , D’Amato Mauro , Ohlsson Bodil 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground/AimA randomized clinical trial with a starch‐ and sucrose‐reduced diet (SSRD) in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients has shown clear improvement of participants' symptoms. The present study aimed to explore the effects of the SSRD on the gut microbiota and circulating micro‐RNA in relation to nutrient intake and gastrointestinal symptoms.MethodsIBS patients were randomized to a 4‐week SSRD intervention (n = 80) or control group (n = 25); habitual diet). At baseline and 4 weeks, blood and fecal samples, 4 day‐dietary records, and symptom questionnaires were collected, that is, Rome IV questionnaires, IBS‐symptom severity score (IBS‐SSS) and visual analog scale for IBS (VAS‐IBS). Micro‐RNA was analyzed in blood and microbiota in faeces by 16S rRNA from regions V1–V2.ResultsThe alpha diversity was unaffected, whereas beta diversity was decreased (p < 0.001) along with increased abundance of Proteobacteria (p = 0.0036) and decreased abundance of Bacteroidetes phyla (p < 0.001) in the intervention group at 4 weeks. Few changes were noted in the controls. The shift in beta diversity and phyla abundance correlated with decreased intakes of carbohydrates, disaccharides, and starch and increased fat and protein intakes. Proteobacteria abundance also correlated positively (R2 = 0.07, p = 0.0016), and Bacteroidetes negatively (R2 = 0.07, p = 0.0017), with reduced total IBS‐SSS. Specific genera, for example, Eubacterium eligens, Lachnospiraceae UCG‐001, Victivallis, and Lachnospira increased significantly in the intervention group (p < 0.001 for all), whereas Marvinbryantia, DTU089 (Ruminoccocaceae family), Enterorhabdus, and Olsenella decreased, together with changes in amplicon sequence variant (ASV) levels. Modest changes of genus and ASV abundance were observed in the control group. No changes were observed in micro‐RNA expression in either group.ConclusionThe SSRD induced a shift in beta diversity along with several bacteria at different levels, associated with changes in nutrient intakes and reduced gastrointestinal symptoms. No corresponding changes were observed in the control group. Neither the nutrient intake nor the microbiota changes affected micro‐RNA expression.The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov data base (NCT03306381).
Exploring the applications of hyaluronic acid‐based nanoparticles for diagnosis and treatment of bacterial infections
Authors: Mohammed Mahir , Devnarain Nikita , Elhassan Eman , Govender Thirumala 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHyaluronic acid (HA) has become a topic of significant interest in drug delivery research due to its excellent properties, including biosafety, biodegradability, and nonimmunogenicity. Moreover, due to its ease of modification, HA can be used to prepare several HA‐based nanosystems using various approaches. These approaches involve conjugating/grafting of hydrophobic moieties, polyelectrolytes complexation with cationic polymers, or surface modification of various nanoparticles using HA. These nanoparticles are able to selectively deliver antibacterial drugs or diagnostic molecules into the site of infections. In addition, HA can bind with overexpressed cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) receptors in macrophages and also can be degraded by a family of enzymes called hyaluronidase (HAase) to release drugs or molecules. By binding with these receptors or being degraded at the infection site by HAase, HA‐based nanoparticles allow enhanced and targeted antibacterial delivery. Herein, we present a comprehensive and up‐to‐date review that highlights various techniques of preparation of HA‐based nanoparticles that have been reported in the literature. Furthermore, we also discuss and critically analyze numerous types of HA‐based nanoparticles that have been employed in antibacterial delivery to date. This article offers a critical overview of the potential of HA‐based nanoparticles to overcome the challenges of conventional antibiotics in the treatment of bacterial infections. Moreover, this review identifies further avenues of research for developing multifunctional and biomimetic HA‐based nanoparticles for the treatment, prevention, and/or detection of pathogenic bacteria.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
A Reference Architecture Model for Big Data Systems in the Finance Sector
Authors: Soldatos John , Troiano Ernesto , Kranas Pavlos , Mamelli Alessandro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn recent years there is a surge in the amount of digital data that are generated by financial organizations, which is driving the development and deployment of novel Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications in the finance sector. Nevertheless, there is still no easy and standardized way for developing, deploying and operating data-intensive systems for digital finance. This chapter introduces a standards-based reference architecture model for architecting, implementing and deploying big data and AI systems in digital finance. The model introduces the main building blocks that comprise machine learning and data science pipelines for digital finance applications, while providing structuring principles for their integration in applications. Complementary viewpoints of the model are presented, including a logical view and considerations for developing and deploying applications compliant to the reference architecture. The chapter ends up presenting a few practical examples of the use of the reference model for developing data science pipelines for digital finance.
Analyzing Large-Scale Blockchain Transaction Graphs for Fraudulent Activities
Authors: Kılıç Baran , Özturan Can , Şen Alper 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEarly public blockchains provided low transaction throughputs in the range of 7–30 transactions per second. With the emergence of permissioned and proof-of-stake-based blockchains, transaction throughputs are expected to rise drastically to thousands per second. Blockchain transactions form directed graphs. With high transaction throughputs and growing blockchain adoption by banks, businesses and customers in general, the number of edges in transaction graphs will dynamically grow to billions. An analysis of large-scale transaction graphs is needed for tracing fraudulent activities on blockchains. This chapter will cover topics such as distributed graph data structures, the use of message passing libraries, and parallel graph algorithms in order to build a scalable transaction graph analysis system. Results from the analysis of the real Ethereum and Bitcoin public blockchain data involving cryptocurrency and ERC20 token transactions will be presented.
Alternative Data for Configurable and Personalized Commercial Insurance Products
Authors: Albo Carlos 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe insurance sector has a very low degree of products’ personalization. This is because insurance companies are not adequately using the vast amounts of information that is available online. This chapter presents the under-explored avenue of using alternative or nontraditional sources of information to obtain data for the configuration of personalized insurance offers. Specifically, it illustrates how big data, synthetic data, and machine learning models can be used to draw up the risk map of companies in an individualized way. It also presents methods for constructing and offering insurance programs that are personalized to each business reality.
Towards Optimal Technological Solutions for Central Bank Digital Currencies
Authors: Dionysopoulos Lambis , Giaglis George 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, we provide a historic overview of the origin and definitions of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs), by examining relevant research dating back to the 1990s. We find that digital versions of sovereign money accessible by the private sector were motivated by advancements and challenges emerging from the private sector itself. We present the factors that necessitate their issuance, and especially focus on financial stability, monetary policy, and the increased competition in payments leading to threats in financial and monetary sovereignty. Finally, we assess the appeal of the various technical options for CBDCs against what has emerged as their universally desirable features.
Historic Overview and Future Outlook of Blockchain Interoperability
Authors: Dionysopoulos Lambis 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFor three decades, the Bitcoin network processes transactions collectively worth billions in a fully decentralized and trustless way. Its introduction as a way for disintermediating financial institutions came at a time of rising dismay against the establishment due to the financial collapse of 2008. Bitcoin’s rising popularity gave birth to the realization that its underlying technologies could be utilized for other use-cases besides money. This gave rise to imitators, iterators and ultimately a diverse ecosystem of protocols and applications. In most cases, those aforementioned protocols employed technologically proprietary approaches even when aiming to solve similar problems. Today, those separate networks stand as monolithic structures, with no knowledge of information that might exist on another. As such they are hostages to their non-interoperable nature and bound to hardcoded decisions. Their attempts at change often result in divided communities and further balkanization. This dissolution threatens the integrity of the decentralized space, as desolate systems are susceptible to manipulation. Some believe that the future of the wider decentralised ecosystem will rely on a Web 3.0 internet-like infrastructure that will allow for seamless integration and the free exchange of information between systems. In this chapter, we will explore the source of the limitations of blockchain systems, provide a historical overview of current and past interoperable approaches and discuss present and future solution design.
Dual D-brane actions in nonrelativistic string theory
Authors: Ebert Stephen , Sun Hao-Yu , Yan Ziqi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We study worldvolume actions for D-branes coupled to the worldvolume U(1) gauge field and Ramond-Ramond (RR) potentials in nonrelativistic string theory. This theory is a self-contained corner of relativistic string theory and has a string spectrum with a Galilean-invariant dispersion relation. We therefore refer to such D-branes in nonrelativistic string theory as nonrelativistic D-branes. We focus on the bosonic fields in spacetime and also couple the D-branes to general closed string geometry, Kalb-Ramond, and dilaton background fields. We dualize nonrelativistic D-branes by performing a duality transformation on the worldvolume U(1) gauge field and uncover novel dual D-brane actions. This generalizes familiar properties, such as the SL(2, ℤ) duality in Type IIB superstring theory and the relation between Type IIA superstring and M-theory, to nonrelativistic string and M-theory. Moreover, we generalize the limit of string theory, in which nonrelativistic string theory arises, to include RR potentials. This stringy limit induces a codimension-two foliation structure in spacetime. This spacetime geometry is non-Riemannian and known as string Newton-Cartan geometry. In contrast, nonrelativistic M-theory that we probe by dualizing D2- and D4-branes in nonrelativistic string theory arises as a membrane limit of M-theory, and it is coupled to a membrane Newton-Cartan geometry with a codimension-three foliation structure. We also discuss T-duality in nonrelativistic string theory and generalize Buscher rules from earlier work to include RR potentials.
Dynamical stability and filamentary instability in holographic conductors
Authors: Ishigaki Shuta , Kinoshita Shunichiro , Matsumoto Masataka 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this study, we analyze the dynamical stability of the D3-D7 model dual to a holographic conductor with a constant current under an external electric field. We particularly focus on the stability around the parameter region where the multivalued relation between the external electric field and the current is shown due to nonlinear conductivity. The dynamical stability of the states can be analyzed by considering linear perturbations in the background states and computing the quasinormal modes. In the multivalued region, we find that the states in one branch with a low electric current can be dynamically unstable. The turning point in the J–E characteristic coincides with the stability switching. Further, we also find that the perturbations around the unstable states can become stable with finite wavenumber. In other words, the perturbations in the background states become static at a critical wavenumber, implying the existence of inhomogeneous steady states with current filaments.
The CannTeen study: verbal episodic memory, spatial working memory, and response inhibition in adolescent and adult cannabis users and age-matched controls
Authors: Lawn W. , Fernandez-Vinson N. , Mokrysz C. , Hogg G. , Lees R. , Trinci K. , Petrilli K. , Borissova A. , Ofori S. , Waters S. , Michór P. , Wall M. B. , Freeman T. P. , Curran H. V. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Preclinical and human studies suggest that adolescent cannabis use may be associated with worse cognitive outcomes than adult cannabis use. We investigated the associations between chronic cannabis use and cognitive function in adolescent and adult cannabis users and controls. We hypothesised user-status would be negatively associated with cognitive function and this relationship would be stronger in adolescents than adults.

Methods
As part of the ‘CannTeen’ project, this cross-sectional study assessed cognitive performance in adolescent cannabis users (n = 76; 16–17-year-olds), adolescent controls (n = 63), adult cannabis users (n = 71; 26–29-year-olds) and adult controls (n = 64). Users used cannabis 1–7 days/week. Adolescent and adult cannabis users were matched on cannabis use frequency (4 days/week) and time since last use (2.5 days). Verbal episodic memory (VEM) was assessed using the prose recall task, spatial working memory (SWM) was assessed using the spatial n-back task, and response inhibition was assessed with the stop-signal task. Primary outcome variables were: delayed recall, 3-back discriminability, and stop signal reaction time, respectively.

Results
Users had worse VEM than controls (F(1,268) = 7.423, p = 0.007). There were no significant differences between user-groups on SWM or response inhibition. Null differences were supported by Bayesian analyses. No significant interactions between age-group and user-group were found for VEM, SWM, or response inhibition.

Conclusions
Consistent with previous research, there was an association between chronic cannabis use and poorer VEM, but chronic cannabis use was not associated with SWM or response inhibition. We did not find evidence for heightened adolescent vulnerability to cannabis-related cognitive impairment.
Predation on planted and wild bay scallops (Argopecten irradians irradians) by busyconine whelks: studies of behavior incorporating acoustic telemetry
Authors: Sclafani M. , Bopp J. , Havelin J. , Humphrey C. , Hughes S. W. T. , Eddings J. , Tettelbach S. T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractQuantifying predator–prey interactions and gaining insights into predator behavior are crucial for optimizing restoration strategies. However, such knowledge is often lacking for marine invertebrates. We examined potential impacts of predation by channeledBusycotypus canaliculatusand knobbed whelksBusycon caricaon natural and planted populations of bay scallops in the Peconic Bays, New York, through laboratory and field investigations. In lab experiments, mean predation rates exhibited by small channeled whelks were low: 0.06 and 0.005 scallops d−1for adult and juvenile scallops, respectively. Predation rates of small knobbed whelks on juvenile scallops were 22 × higher. Eighty-six percent (86%) of scallops consumed by channeled whelks had undamaged shells, while 73% eaten by knobbed whelks had notched ventral margins. In field plots where scallop densities were manipulated via removals/plantings, whelks consumed ~ 2% of ~ 19,100 planted juveniles, whereas crabs and presumably finfish consumed > 40% overall. Acoustic telemetry revealed that tagged channeled whelks moved shorter distances and spent more time in plots planted with scallops versus those without scallops. Whelks spent more time in low versus high-density plots, but consumed far more scallops in the latter. In trials without scallops, whelk movement rates were 5 × higher, presumably due to increased exploratory behavior. Overall, whelks were most active during crepuscular hours and during periods of increasing wind speeds. Our results, combined with population abundance data, suggest that whelks (especiallyB. carica) are drawn to planted bay scallop aggregations, but probably contribute to relatively low overall mortality in the context of restoration efforts.