bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual orexin antagonist normalized sleep homeostatic drive, enhanced GABAergic inhibition, and suppressed seizures after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Konduru Sruthi R , Isaacson Jesse R , Lasky Danny J , Zhou Zihao , Rao Rohan K , Vattem Swati S , Rewey Sophie J , Jones Mathew V , Maganti Rama K 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can result in posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) and sleep disturbances. We hypothesized that treatment with sleep aids after TBI can ameliorate PTE.

Methods
CD-1 mice underwent controlled cortical impact (CCI), sham injury, or no craniotomy. Sham and CCI groups underwent a monthlong daily treatment with sleep aids including a dual orexin antagonist (DORA-22) or THIP (gaboxadol) or a respective vehicle starting on the day of CCI. We performed continuous EEG (electroencephalography) recordings at week 1 and months 1, 2, and 3 for ~1 week each time. Seizure analysis occurred at all-time points and sleep analysis occurred in week 1 and month-1/2 in all groups. Subsets of CCI and sham groups were subjected to voltageclamp experiments in hippocampal slices to evaluate GABAergic synaptic inhibition.

Results
DORA-22 treatment suppressed seizures in month 1–3 recordings. TBI reduced the amplitude and frequency of miniature inhibitory synaptic currents (mIPSCs) in dentate granule cells and these changes were rescued by DORA-22 treatment. Sleep analysis showed that DORA-22 increased nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep during lights-off whereas THIP increased REM sleep during lights-on in week 1. Both treatments displayed subtle changes in time spent in NREM or REM at month-1/2 as well. TBI not only increased normalized EEG delta power (NΔ) at week-1 and month-1 but also resulted in the loss of the homeostatic diurnal oscillation of NΔ, which was restored by DORA-22 but not THIP treatment.

Conclusions
Dual orexin antagonists may have a therapeutic potential in suppressing PTE potentially by enhancing GABAergic inhibition and impacting sleep homeostatic drive.
Reducing the Biases in False Correlations Between Discrete Characters
Authors: Boyko James D , Beaulieu Jeremy M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The correlation between two characters is often interpreted as evidence that there exists a significant and biologically important relationship between them. However, Maddison and FitzJohn (in The unsolved challenge to phylogenetic correlation tests for categorical characters. Syst. Biol. 2015;64:127–136) recently pointed out that evidence of correlated evolution between two categorical characters is often spurious, particularly, when the dependent relationship stems from a single replicate deep in time. Here we will show that there may, in fact, be a statistical solution to the problem posed by Maddison and FitzJohn naturally embedded within the expanded model space afforded by the hidden Markov model (HMM) framework. We demonstrate that the problem of single unreplicated evolutionary events manifests itself as rate heterogeneity within our models and that this is the source of the false correlation. Therefore, we argue that this problem is better understood as model misspecification rather than a failure of comparative methods to account for phylogenetic pseudoreplication. We utilize HMMs to develop a multirate independent model which, when implemented, drastically reduces support for correlation. The problem itself extends beyond categorical character evolution, but we believe that the practical solution presented here may lend itself to future extensions in other areas of comparative biology. [Macroevolution; model adequacy; phylogenetic comparative methods; rate heterogeneity].
Characterizing the vaginal microbiota of high and low producing Poll Merino and White Suffolk ewes
Authors: Greenwood Emma C , Torok Valeria A , van Wettere William H E J 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
There is a substantial, and growing, body of research focused on manipulating gastrointestinal microbes to affect health and production. However, the maternal vaginal microbiota and its effects on neonatal inoculation and lifetime production have received little attention. We aimed to characterize the vaginal microbes of domesticated sheep to determine whether they differ across sheep breeds with differing meat and wool growth potentials and to determine a link between vaginal microbes and high and low producing animals. A flock of White Suffolk (n = 136) and Poll Merino (n = 210) ewes were sorted by the Australian Sheep Breeding Values (ASBV), for yearling fleece weight in the Merino and by post-weaning weight in the Suffolk ewes. The top and bottom ASBV sheep were selected for sampling and the resulting treatment groups were; High Suffolk (n = 12), Low Suffolk (n = 12), High Merino (n = 12), and Low Merino (n = 12) ewes. A double guarded culture swab was used to sample from the surface of the vaginal epithelium. Diversity profiling analysis of vaginal bacterial communities was conducted using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Breed and ASBV group differences in bacterial communities were tested. Within breed, there were no significant differences in ewe vaginal bacterial communities associated with ewe production parameters; however, there was a significant difference in ewe vaginal bacterial communities between breeds. We have been able to characterize the normal vaginal microbiota of nonpregnant ewes and demonstrate a rich microbial community.
Autoimmune and autoinflammatory manifestations in inborn errors of immunity
Authors: Kačar Mark , Markelj Gašper , Avčin Tadej 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of review
Autoimmune and inflammatory complications have been shown to arise in all age groups and across the spectrum of inborn errors of immunity (IEI). This review aims to highlight recent ground-breaking research and its impact on our understanding of IEI.

Recent findings
Three registry-based studies of unprecedented size revealed the high prevalence of autoimmune, inflammatory and malignant complications in IEI. Two novel IEI were discovered: an autoinflammatory relopathy, cleavage-resistant RIPK1-induced autoinflammatory syndrome, as well as an inheritable phenocopy of PD-1 blockade-associated complication (as seen in cancer therapy) manifesting with multiorgan autoimmunity and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. A study examining patients with partial RAG deficiency pinpointed the specific defects leading to the failure of central and peripheral tolerance resulting in wide-ranging autoimmunity. A novel variant of Immunodeficiency Polyendocrinopathy Enteropathy X-linked syndrome was described, associated with preferential expression of a FOXP3 isoform lacking exon 2, linking exon-specific functions and the phenotypes corresponding to their absence. Lastly, we touch on recent findings pertaining actinopathies, the prototypical IEI with autoimmune, inflammatory and atopic complications.

Summary
Dysregulated immunity has been associated with IEI since their discovery. Recently, large concerted efforts have shown how common these complications actually are while providing insight into normal and dysregulated molecular mechanisms, as well as describing novel diseases.
Applicant characteristics and interview-day structure of shoulder and elbow surgery fellowships
Authors: Haislup Brett D. , McCormick Brian P. , Smith Brandon , Wright Melissa A. , Murthi Anand M. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
The purpose of this study was to determine the selection criteria and interview-day structure used by shoulder and elbow fellowship program directors.

Methods:
An anonymous 14-question survey was distributed to the program directors of the 31 American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) recognized orthopaedic shoulder and elbow fellowship programs. Surveys were sent via email, and responses were collected from March 31, 2021 to May 10, 2021.

Results:
All 31 fellowship directors responded (100%). The most valuable selection criteria for applicants were subjective measures: quality of interview, letters of recommendation, and quality of residency program. Objective criteria such as United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) scores and Orthopaedic In-Training Examination (OITE) scores were less important. Fifteen (50%, 15/30) programs required applicants to have one to two publications, while 15 (50%, 15 of 30) required three to five publications. Programs most commonly interviewed 16 to 20 residents (38.7%). The interview day was a half day for the majority of programs (n=20; 64.5%), with most programs utilizing three (25.8%) or four (45.2%) separate interviews. Current fellows interviewed applicants in about half of the programs (51.6%).

Conclusions:
Shoulder and elbow fellowship program directors prioritize subjective over objective attributes when selecting applicants. The interview day is most commonly a half day with each applicant undergoing multiple interviews at each institution. Understanding the selection process used by shoulder and elbow fellowship directors provides a valuable resource for residents.

Level of Evidence:
Level V.
Optimizing postpartum contraception for high-risk obstetric patients
Authors: Miller Hayley E. , Darmawan Kelly F. , Henkel Andrea 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of review
This review will focus on those who are at greatest risk of maternal and neonatal morbidity from a subsequent unplanned or short interval pregnancy and the interventions to increase contraceptive uptake in the postpartum period.

Recent findings
Populations at highest risk of maternal or neonatal morbidity – those with a history of preterm birth or those with complex medical conditions – are also those at the highest risk for unintended pregnancies attributed to low-efficacy contraceptive failure/ noncontraceptive use, and many are discharged from birth hospitalization without understanding the importance of birth spacing related to their high-risk pregnancies. Current innovative strategies to improve postpartum contraception access and uptake among high-risk populations include utilizing the antenatal period to initiate contraception counseling, developing multidisciplinary teams, and incorporating multimedia-based educational tools. However, ongoing challenges that continue to pose barriers to contraception access include racial and economic disparities and the restructuring of obstetric care during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Summary
Preventing an unintended short interval pregnancy by providing contraception in the postpartum period is one of the most modifiable risk factors for those at highest risk of subsequent maternal or neonatal morbidity and therefore should be prioritized by clinicians, hospitals, and insurance coverage.
Update on medication abortion follow-up options: many sizes to fit all
Authors: Flynn Anne N. , Lerma Klaira 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of review
To assess the efficacy, benefits, and limitations of available and emerging follow-up options for medication abortion.

Recent findings
Medication abortion follow-up does not have to be a ‘one size fits all’ protocol. From most to least invasive, follow-up options include facility-based ultrasound, laboratory-based repeat serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) testing, urine hCG testing (high sensitivity, low sensitivity, and multilevel pregnancy tests), self-assessment with symptom evaluation, and no intervention. Provider or facility-dependent follow-up, including ultrasound and serum testing are effective, but have several limitations, including needing to return to a facility and cost. Remote, client-led follow-up options, such as urine pregnancy testing and symptoms evaluation, are well tolerated and effective for ruling out the rare outcome of ongoing pregnancy after medication abortion and have several advantages. Advantages include being inexpensive and flexible. However, it is important to note that low-sensitivity and multilevel pregnancy tests are not available in all settings. In studies evaluating client-led follow-up with urine pregnancy tests, ongoing pregnancies were identified over half the time with symptoms alone.

Summary
Guidelines from several professional organizations have aligned with the evidence and no longer recommend routine office-based follow-up. To ensure care is person-centered, providers should offer follow-up options that align with the comfort, logistical ability, and values of the client.
Current trends in postmastectomy breast reconstruction
Authors: von Fritschen Uwe , Seidenstücker Katrin , Sigalove Steven 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of review
Breast reconstruction is established as integral part of the treatment. New materials, indications and surgical techniques are subject to rapid modification to further improve safety, quality and longevity.

Recent findings
Skin-sparing-mastectomy is accepted as an appropriate alternative in risk-reducing and many breast cancer patients, further reducing conventional mastectomy patterns.
Radiation in combination with reconstruction is still challenging with no clear advances reducing skin-toxicity.
Autologous reconstructions, not only in radiation settings, are turning to a first line approach. A trend driven by improved techniques to minimize morbidity and flap-variations.
Breast implant surfaces associated with a high risk of Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) are now withdrawn. The residual risk for the remaining implant styles is not known, but can be expected considerably lower than estimations published presently.
In order to reduce local complications, supplemental material often in combination with prepectoral implant placement is advertised. The present evidence on long-term outcome is limited.
Super-microsurgery treating lymphedema is evolving rapidly. Refinements of various techniques and their differential indication are under evaluation to standardize the procedures.

Summary
Breast reconstruction evolved to a complex, specialized field with a multitude of options. A multidisciplinary team is required to fully utilize todays potential and offer optimal individual treatments.
A human rights assessment of menopausal women's access to age- and gender-sensitive nondiscriminatory health care in prison
Authors: Van Hout Marie-Claire , Srisuwan Lizz , Plugge Emma 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Importance and Objective
Women represent about 6% of the global prison population of 11 million. The female prison population has increased significantly in the past decade. Where attention is devoted to women's unique sexual and reproductive health needs in prison, this is largely focused on menstruation management and ante/postnatal care. There is no explicit guidance regarding imprisoned menopausal women's health care in the United Nations normative standards of detention (Mandela Rules, Bangkok Rules). A human rights assessment of menopausal women's access to age- and gender-sensitive nondiscriminatory health care in prison since 2010 was conducted.

Methods
Arksey and O'Malley's scoping review methodology was adhered to. A systematic search was conducted using detailed MeSH terms on CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, ProQuest Central, PsycInfo, Scopus, and the Web of Science. All published materials in the English language in the time frame of 2010-2022 were collated (n = 268). Fourteen duplicates were removed. Two hundred thirty-four were excluded after title and abstract screening, with five records remaining. Hand searching yielded an additional 11 records. Sixteen records were charted and analyzed thematically using a human rights lens. Themes were the following: environmental conditions and menopausal sequelae, gender-sensitive nondiscriminatory free health care, evidence-based age/gender-sensitive prison health policies, and medical insensitivity and incompetencies in menopausal care.

Discussion and Conclusion
Menopausal women have the right to the underlying environmental determinants of health in prison and rights to nondiscrimination and equivalence of care, essential medicines, medical care and treatment, preventive health services, and participation in the generation of prison policies and support initiatives. The lack of visibility regarding their health needs in policies and healthcare provisions is reflected in the realities of life in prison, with glaring gaps in the practical medical and lifestyle supports of menopause. Further research is warranted to inform evidence-based prison reforms to improve the quality of life of older women in prison.
The Utility of Voided Urine Samples as a Proxy for the Vaginal Microbiome and for the Prediction of Bacterial Vaginosis
Authors: Zhu Bin , Diachok Christopher , Edupuganti Laahirie , Edwards David J. , Donowitz Jeffrey R. , Tossas Katherine , Matveyev Andrey , Spaine Katherine M. , Lee Vladimir , Serrano Myrna G. , Buck Gregory A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Recent work has shown that the vaginal microbiome exerts a strong impact on women’s gynecological health. However, collection of vaginal specimens is invasive and requires previous clinical training or the involvement of a trained clinician. In contrast, urine sample collection is routine, non-invasive and does not require involvement of a clinician. We sought to compare the vaginal and urogenital microbiomes to assess the utility of voided urine samples as a proxy for the vaginal microbiome. Paired urogenital and vaginal samples were collected from pregnant women and characterized by 16S rRNA taxonomic profiling. We examined diversities and compositions of paired urogenital and vaginal microbiomes using five discrete strategies to explore the similarity between the vaginal and urogenital microbiomes. A strategy comparing the paired urogenital and vaginal microbiomes in which taxa were assigned using the STIRRUPS database and urine-specific taxa were removed showed no significant difference in diversity and composition between the paired urogenital and vaginal microbiomes. Moreover, the relative abundances of common vaginal taxa were linearly correlated with those in the paired urogenital microbiomes. These similarities suggest that voided urine samples could represent a non-invasive protocol for accurate profiling of the vaginal microbiome with likely clinical applications. Finally, a machine learning model was established in which the voided urine microbiome was compared favorably to the vaginal microbiome in predicting bacterial vaginosis.
Open-label nondeceptive placebo analgesia is blocked by the opioid antagonist naloxone
Authors: Benedetti Fabrizio , Shaibani Aziz , Arduino Claudia , Thoen Wilma 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Open-label placebos, or placebos without deception, have been found to induce analgesia, a challenging concept that need to be investigated in detail. In particular, what we need to know is the mechanism through which analgesia is induced when no deception is involved. In this study, we show for the first time that open-label placebo analgesia can be reversed by the opioid antagonist naloxone, as already shown for deceptive placebos. To do this, we used the tourniquet technique to induce experimental ischemic arm pain. The open-label placebo challenge started when pain scores reached 7 on a 0 to 10 rating scale. Although 59.4% of the subjects did not respond to the open-label placebo, 40.6% showed a substantial response. On the basis of the natural history control group, a placebo responder reported pain scores equal to or less than 7 after 9 minutes from the open-label placebo administration. In these responders, we found that a hidden injection of 10 mg naloxone could reverse placebo analgesia compared with a hidden injection of saline solution. At least 2 control groups showed that naloxone per se was not hyperalgesic, thus ruling out naloxone-induced hyperalgesia as a confounding variable. In light of the need to better understand open-label placebo effects, these findings represent the first experimental evidence that nondeceptive placebo analgesia may be mediated by the same mechanisms as deceptive placebo analgesia, namely the endogenous opioid systems.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Interprofessional Collaborative Practice Through the Lens of Acute Care Physical Therapists
Authors: Yorke Amy M. , Smith Leslie M. , Mostrom Elizabeth 
Published: September 2022

Purpose:
This case report describes interprofessional collaborative practice experiences through the viewpoints of 3 acute care physical therapists who worked with patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) during the early months of the pandemic.

Methods:
The cases presented in this case report were selected from a larger longitudinal qualitative multiple-case study investigating interprofessional collaborative practice experiences of physical therapists employed in inpatient settings prior to and during the pandemic. The cases provide detailed narrative descriptions of interprofessional collaborative practice before and during the pandemic from the perspective of 3 physical therapists working in acute care environments.

Results:
The 3 physical therapists reported challenges to and opportunities for interprofessional collaborative practices that align with the 4 interprofessional educational competencies (values/ethics, roles/responsibilities, communication, and teams/teamwork).

Conclusions:
The ability to provide patient-centered care through interprofessional collaborative practices was impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The rich narrative descriptions of our participants' experiences as members of interprofessional teams provide additional insight regarding the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on interprofessional collaborative practice.
Endoscopic Versus Microscopic Pediatric Tympanoplasty: Is There a Difference Between Closure Rates and Hearing Outcomes?
Authors: Mitton Tanner J. , Killeen Daniel E. , Momin Zoha K. , Hunter Jacob B. , Isaacson Brandon , Lee Kenneth , Kutz Joe Walter 
Published: September 2022

Objective
To compare closure rates and hearing outcomes of microscopic and endoscopic tympanoplasty in pediatric patients.

Study Design
Retrospective chart review.

Setting
Tertiary university medical center.

Patients
Pediatric patients who underwent tympanoplasty surgery by a fellowship-trained neurotologist between 2010 and 2019 with a minimum of 2 months of follow-up, a tympanic membrane perforation, and no preoperative cholesteatoma.

Interventions
Transcanal endoscopic tympanoplasty or microscopic tympanoplasty (MT) surgery.

Main Outcome Measures
The primary outcome is postoperative closure of the tympanic membrane perforation, assessed using otomicroscopy at the last follow-up appointment. Secondary outcomes include operative time and changes in the air-bone gap (ABG) and pure-tone average (PTA).

Results
Two hundred eleven tympanoplasty operations were analyzed: 121 in the transcanal endoscopic ear surgery (TEES) group and 90 in the MT group. Tympanic membrane closure rates were no different between the two groups (TEES, 82.6%; MT, 88.9%; p = 0.24), and no significant association was found on multivariable analysis (TEES: odds ratio, 0.8; p = 0.61). Both groups showed improvements in the 4-month PTA and ABG and the 12-month PTA, but the 12-month ABG only improved in the TEES group (p < 0.01). The TEES group had a shorter average operative time (109.8 versus 123.5 min; p = 0.03) and less need for a postauricular incision (2.5% versus 93.3%; p < 0.01).

Conclusion
In pediatric tympanoplasty, TEES gives similar membrane closure and hearing outcomes as the microscopic technique, with less operative time and less need for a postauricular incision.