bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Near‐surface soil thermal regime and land–air temperature coupling: A case study over Spain
Authors: Melo‐Aguilar Camilo , González‐Rouco Fidel , Steinert Norman J. , Beltrami Hugo , Cuesta‐Valero Francisco José , García‐García Almudena , García‐Pereira Felix , García‐Bustamante Elena , Roldán‐Gómez Pedro José , Schmid Thomas , Navarro Jorge 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the near‐surface soil thermal regime and its connection to the atmospheric state is important for the assessment of several climate‐related processes. However, the lack of in situ soil temperatures measurements limits the analysis of such processes. In this study, we have developed a quality‐controlled soil temperature database for Spain that consists of 39 sites spanning from 1987 to 2018. We have used this database to assess the near‐surface soil thermal regime. Likewise, we evaluate at seasonal to multidecadal timescales the land–air temperature coupling over Spain by analysing the structure of the surface air temperature (SAT) and the ground surface temperature (GST) covariance and also their long‐term evolution. In addition, we have employed the ERA5‐Land reanalysis to test the consistence between observations and reanalysis. The results show that the near‐surface soil thermal structure is dominated by conduction despite some influence of hydrology‐related processes. Regarding the land–air temperature coupling, we have found a strong connection between SAT and GST. However, in the summer months there is an offset in SAT–GST at some sites due to limited evaporation and enhanced sensible heat fluxes. Furthermore, multidecadal SAT–GST decoupling may exist over some sites as a response to decreasing precipitation. The ERA5‐Land represents the observations' climatology well, but it underestimates the summer soil temperature observations and the long‐term trends at some sites.
Not all management is equal: a comparison of methods to increase wood turtle population viability
Authors: Bougie Tiffany A. , Peery M. Zachariah , Lapin Carly N. , Woodford James E. , Pauli Jonathan N. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractManagement generally targets the most tractable life stage to rescue declining populations; however, that stage may not have the largest influence on recovery. Freshwater turtles are declining globally and early stages are frequently targeted for management, although the effectiveness of these actions on population growth are relatively unknown because of incomplete demographic data. We estimated the hatchling yearly survival rate for a freshwater turtle in the field usingin situenclosures to collect missing demographic information. We used these data to develop demographic models to calculate growth rate for a hypothetical, declining population of wood turtles (Glyptemys insculpta) in Wisconsin, USA, 2014–2019. We modeled growth for populations across a range of scenarios from no management to combinations of nest protection and head‐starting at varying levels of effort. Nest protection alone did not increase population growth rate, while head‐starting alone increased population growth by 0.07, with the largest increase in growth rate, 0.11, resulting from combinations of both approaches. No combination of nest protection and head‐starting, without an increase in adult survival rate from the observed 0.88 to ≥0.95, led to population stabilization or increase. Populations of freshwater turtles, like the wood turtle, will likely only recover with a multi‐faceted approach that targets multiple life stages simultaneously.
„Das ganze komplexe System ändern“ – Interview mit Peter Seeberger
Authors: Zbikowski Frauke , Remenyi Christian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAls Teil des Strukturwandels für die Zeit nach dem Braunkohletagebau sollen in Sachsen zwei Großforschungszentren entstehen. Einer der Anträge in der engeren Auswahl stammt aus der Chemie: das Konzept Chemresilienz des Potsdamer Max‐Planck‐Direktors Peter Seeberger.
Covestro: Polymerchemie für die Umwelt
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDer Leverkusener Konzern Covestro hat im Jahr 2021 an die 50 Prozent mehr umgesetzt. Daraus folgt der höchste Dividendenvorschlag der Konzerngeschichte: 3,40 Euro je Aktie.
Evonik: Lacke, Klebstoffe und Biodiesel
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIm Jahr 2021 ist beim Spezialchemieunternehmen Evonik mit Sitz in Essen der Umsatz zweistellig gewachsen. Es gibt mehr Chemikerinnen in Führungsetagen, und die Forschungsausgaben sind um 7 Prozent gestiegen.
Die gasanalytische Glasbürette und ihr Erfinder
Authors: Reschetilowski Wladimir 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEnde des 17. Jahrhunderts begann sich Glas in Gestalt von Glasgeräten in der chemischen Laborpraxis durchzusetzen. Ab dieser Zeit gehörte die Kunst des Glasblasens bei der Entwicklung analytischer Messgeräte zu den Fertigkeiten praktisch arbeitender Chemiker. Einer von ihnen war der Dresdner technische Chemiker Walther Hempel (1851 – 1916).
Der richtige Dreh mit Licht
Authors: Pospech Jola , Mayer Thea S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLichtinduzierte radikalische Reaktionen helfen, organische Moleküle ressourcenschonend herzustellen. Aus Übergangsmetall‐ und Organokatalyse sind Mechanismen der Substrataktivierung und chiralen Induktion bekannt, die bei thermisch‐ionischen Prozessen zu hoher Enantioselektivität führen. Einige dieser Prozesse eignen sich dazu, Substrate mit Licht zu aktivieren und stereoselektive Produktbildungen zu kontrollieren.
Mechanically interlocked molecular architectures of valinomycin as cancer targeted prodrugs
Authors: Tachihara Yoshihiro , Nakagawa Yasuhiro , Miyazaki Takuya , Anraku Yasutaka , Cabral Horacio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMacrocyclic drugs are promising agents for treating a variety of diseases. However, these compounds usually present delivery limitations, such as low tissue selectivity and poor cellular uptake, which may impair efficacy and clinical translation. Here, we propose a molecular machine approach for delivering macrocyclic drugs based on their assembly into bioactive rotaxanes. To prove this concept, we use the extremely toxic macrocycle valinomycin (Val) as the host molecule, and identify dihydralazine (Dihyd) as a guest molecule after screening several guest compounds. The Val‐Dihyd complex is mechanically interlocked by capping one hydrazide group in Dihyd with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and the other with a Y‐shape branched poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) via a pH‐sensitive hydrazone bond. Thus, the Val‐loaded rotaxanes (Vrot) are stable at physiological pH, but release Val at mild acidic conditions mimicking intratumoral and endosomal environments. In vitro studies revealed Vrot is less cytotoxic than free Val in pancreatic cancer cells, while modifying Vrot with cyclic arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid (cRGD) peptides promotes the cytotoxicity by enhancing cellular uptake. These results indicate the potential of rotaxanes of macrocyclic drugs for generating cancer targeted prodrugs.
On the effect of nonlinearity and Jacobian initialization on the convergence of the generalized Broyden quasi‐Newton method
Authors: Demeester Toon , Delaissé Nicolas , van Brummelen E. Harald , Haelterman Rob , Degroote Joris 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article investigates two aspects of the generalized Broyden quasi‐Newton method that have a major impact on its convergence: the initial approximation of the Jacobian and the presence of nonlinearities in the secant conditions. After reformulating the common representation of generalized Broyden, a straightforward interpretation is given. This leads to a natural extension of the method in which an application‐dependent physics‐based surrogate model is used as initial approximation of the (inverse) Jacobian. A carefully chosen surrogate has the potential to greatly reduce the required number of iterations. The behavior of generalized Broyden depends strongly on the parameter that determines how many secant conditions are satisfied by the Jacobian approximation. Respecting all secant conditions reduces it to Anderson acceleration; a single one to Broyden's original method. An analysis demonstrates that these two variants behave very differently when nonlinearities are present in the secant conditions: they are ignored by Broyden, but can destabilize Anderson. On the other hand, the analysis shows that Broyden tends to neglect small linear information, possibly reducing convergence speed. To mitigate stability problems with Anderson acceleration, a practical method to detect and remove nonlinear secant information is introduced next. Finally, we solve a steady free‐surface‐flow problem using several generalized Broyden variants, testing the influence of the surrogate, the nonlinearities and the combination thereof. The results agree with the theoretical predictions, showing large differences in convergence behavior. Furthermore, the proposed method effectively negates the problems related to nonlinearities in this case.
Review of curing deformation control methods for carbon fiber reinforced resin composites
Authors: Zhang Ce , Zhang Guoli , Xu Jing , Shi Xiao Ping , Wang Xi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUnder the influence of extrinsic curing conditions and intrinsic properties of carbon fiber reinforced resin composites, the formation of curing deformation is inevitable, which makes the shape of the manufactured components differ from the designed structure, and even exceeds the assembly tolerance, resulting in the scrap of parts. Therefore, it is very urgent and important to optimize the curing deformation of carbon fiber reinforced resin composites. In this paper, the mechanism of stress and curing deformation is reviewed firstly, and then the factors affecting the curing deformation are summarized. In particular, from the point of view of materials in curing process, three curing deformation control strategies, including (i) reinforcement structure optimization, (ii) resin modification and process optimization, (iii) die surface compensation and tool‐part contact optimization, were proposed. And with the development of curing deformation simulation technology, the (iv) inverse design strategy before curing and (v) hot sizing method from the view of after cured were further put forward, respectively. By analyzing the link between processing details and curing deformation, it is found that the dominant factor affecting deformation may change under different conditions, so the interaction between factors needs to be further discussed. Subsequently, the effect of these distortion control methods on curing deformation was analyzed and evaluated, and the shortcomings were pointed out. Finally, the challenges existed in curing deformation research were identified, in order to contribute to the development of curing deformation research.
Influence of calcium carbonate fillers on pine fiber reinforced polyester composites
Authors: Gapsari Femiana , A. Mudjib Sulaiman , Putri Thesya Marlia , Juliano Hans , Djakfar Ludfi , Handajani Rinawati P. , Budio Sugeng P. , Juwono Pitojo T. , Jagadeesh Praveenkumara , Mavinkere Rangappa Sanjay , Siengchin Suchart 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the current work, the influence of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) filler loadings on the physical, mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of pine fiber (PF) reinforced polyester composites were analyzed. The fillers loaded PF/polyester composites were fabricated using casting technique. The results revealed that the volume percentage voids in the filler‐loaded composites was less as compared to neat PF/polyester composites due to filler occupancy in the air gaps of fabricated composites. The tensile strength increment in neat PF reinforced composites (10–30 vol%) was prompted by the polyester's ability to wet PF perfectly thereby building a good and dense interfacial bond between the polyester and PFs. However, the elastic modulus and elongation values were higher for filler‐loaded PF/polyester composite (PF3/CCP10). The composite PF3/CCP10 also exhibited maximum flexural and impact strengths due to the ability of filler particles to support the stress transfer between matrix and fiber, also the strong interfacial bonding due to the chemical treatment of PFs. The fillers‐loaded composites exhibited an acceptable hardness value due to the resistance of filler particles against indentation force towards deformation. Fillers improved the thermal resistance of PF reinforced polyester composites, especially the PF3/CCP10 composite having a maximum amount of filers loading. Scanning electron microscopy morphological analysis reveals the strong interfacial adhesion in filler‐based composites with lower void contents, resulting in superior adhesion characteristics between fibers and polyester matrix.
Insurance and geographic variations in non‐invasive prenatal testing
Authors: Ellison Jacqueline , Wang Catharine , Yarrington Christina , Connors Philip , Hanchate Amresh 
Published: April 2022

Key pointsWhat is already known about this topic?

Single‐site studies suggest racial, ethnic, and insurance disparities in use of Non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT).

Population‐level research from outside the U.S. highlights significant geographic variations in NIPT uptake.

What does this study add?

Enrollees living in zip‐codes with a higher proportion of Black and Hispanic/Latino residents were significantly less likely to receive NIPT.

Enrollees living in zip‐codes with a higher proportion of people living below the federal poverty level (FPL) were significantly less likely to receive NIPT.

Birthing people with Medicaid were five times less likely to receive NIPT than those with commercial coverage.
Trends in antipsychotic use for youth with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and disruptive behavior disorders
Authors: dosReis Susan , Saini Jannat , Hong Kyungwan , Reeves Gloria , Spence O' Mareen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeTo examine trends in off‐label antipsychotic use for youth with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder with and without a comorbid disruptive behavior disorder.MethodThis cross‐sectional study of annual trends from 2007 through 2015 used the IQVIA PharMetrics® Plus for Academics data. We identified 165 794 commercially‐insured youth 3–18‐year‐old who had a diagnosis of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and classified them into subgroups with and without disruptive behavior disorders comorbidities. Antipsychotic use, with or without a stimulant, was the primary dependent outcome. Logistic regression estimated the odds of antipsychotic use associated with comorbid attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and disruptive behavior disorders, adjusting for age, sex, study year, and other psychotropic use.ResultsOver 70% of the 165 794 youth with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder were 5–14‐year‐old and male, and 12% had disruptive behavior disorders. Antipsychotic prevalence, with or without a stimulant, was 4.4% in 2007 and 3.4% in 2015. Stimulants with antipsychotics increased significantly from 2007 to 2015 for females (19.5%–28.7%) and youth 15–18‐year‐old (25.9%–32.7%). Adjusting for age, sex, study year, and other psychotropic use, youth with a comorbid disruptive behavior had a 2.5 (95% CI: 2.3, 2.7) higher likelihood of receiving an antipsychotic than youth with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and no comorbidities.ConclusionsAntipsychotic use was associated with comorbid disruptive behaviors in youth with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Off‐label antipsychotic use has increased for females and older adolescents.
Iron tailings/ammonium polyphosphate system in rigid polyurethane foam composites to enhance fire safety: a novel strategy for utilization of metallurgical solid waste
Authors: Wang Hao , Xu Zicheng , Yang Yadong , Liu Mengru , Yang Sujie , Wang Bibo , Deng Dan , Liu Xiuyu , Tang Gang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIron tailings (ITs) is a solid waste after mineral processing, but the high value utilization of ITs has always been a problem perplexing the industry. In order to broaden its application field, it was compounded with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to make rigid polyurethane foam flame retardant. SEM, limiting oxygen index, UL‐94 vertical combustion, TGA, the cone calorimetry test (CCT), thermogravimetric analysis‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG‐FTIR) and Raman tests were used to characterize the bubble morphology, flame retardant properties, thermal stability, combustion performance, gas phase products and graphitization degree of the char layer. The TGA indicated that ITs/APP could effectively improve the thermal stability of the composites, and the T5wt% of the composites and the char residue rates at 700 °C were significantly improved. The CCT confirmed that ITs/APP could effectively reduce the thermal damage and non‐thermal damage of the composites, and the peak heat release rate, total heat release and smoke factor were reduced by 29.08%, 19.21% and 36.69%, respectively. The TG‐FTIR test implied that ITs/APP inhibited the release intensity of various gaseous products. The CCT, SEM and Raman tests showed that ITs/APP improved the compactness and graphitization degree of the char residue of the composites, thus improving their flame retardancy. This study provides a theoretical basis and experimental basis for the high value utilization of ITs. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution of conducting coordination polymers based on 1,1,2,2‐ethenetetrathiolate
Authors: Chen Zhijun , Cui Yutao , Ye Chunhui , Sun Yong , Zhang Jiajia , Lv Haicai , Deng Liang , Xu Wei , Zhang Qichun , Chen Guangming 
Published: April 2022

AbstractElectrocatalysis based on metal–organic coordination polymers (CPs) catalyst, especially metal‐1,1,2,2‐ethenetetrathiolate (ett), has received increasing attention due to their high‐electrical conductivity, unique morphology and excellent redox activity. Here, amorphous powder of CPs is synthesized and firmly coated on the surfaces of carbon fiber cloth (CFC), then serves as active electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The operating overpotentials of the poly[Kx(M‐ett)] (Co, Ni or Cu) are 0.43, 0.36, 0.45 V, respectively, at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with pH = 0, along with the Tafel plot of 144, 153, 329 mV dec−1. Moreover, they show remarkable electrolysis stability under harsh acid conditions. This study extends the HER application of poly[Kx(M‐ett)] coating on CFC surfaces.
Effects of aphid‐induced semiochemicals from cover plants on Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Zhang Liu , Qin Zifang , Zhao Xinxin , Huang Xinzheng , Shi Wangpeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDHarmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is an important natural enemy of aphids. Plant species and plant health conditions can affect the behavior of H. axyridis. To determine plant effects on this lady beetle, we examined beetle responses to four cover crops: coriander (Coriadrum sativum L., Apiales: Apiaceae), marigold (Tagetes erecta L., Asterales: Asteraceae), sweet alyssum (Lobularia maritima L., Brassicales: Brassicaceae), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L., Fabales: Fabaceae). Our goal was to better understand this predator's ovipositional behavior in response to different plants and its olfactory response to the aphid‐induced volatiles from these plants.RESULTSWe found that this lady beetle did not have any significant oviposition preference among the four plant species, but H. axyridis preferred to lay eggs on the lower surface of leaves, regardless of the plant species. H. axyridis females had a significant preference for aphid‐infested marigolds, but were not attracted by any of the other three cover plants or marigolds without aphid damage. Compared to the uninfested marigold plants, the emission of 12 compounds significantly increased on the aphid‐infested marigolds, and two of them were attractive to H. axyridis under suitable concentrations.CONCLUSIONH. axyridis did not show any significant oviposition preference among the four cover crops. Aphid‐infested marigolds can attract H. axyridis. Indole and terpinen‐4‐ol mediated lady beetle attraction. These synomones have potential for manipulating populations of H. axyridis as a component of conservation biological control. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Exploring barriers and solutions to encouraging evidence‐into‐use within an embedded evaluation approach: Reflections from the field
Authors: Forbes Claire 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDespite increasing pressure for policy and practice to adopt a more evidence‐based approach, transferring evidence into use remains a stubborn challenge. This is largely due to a number of researcher‐derived and user‐derived barriers at play within institutions, organisations and systems that constrain active engagement with evidence. This paper contributes to current debates on evidence‐use by suggesting that embedded evaluation approaches might overcome such barriers, through the creation of social capital that can be drawn upon by embedded evaluators to: (i) build trust, confidence and understanding around evaluation and evidence, on the part of local practitioners and policy makers; (ii) develop a co‐productive evidence infrastructure that might draw together diverse stakeholders, as well as encourage user‐engagement with varied forms of evaluation data (both numerical data and rich narrative accounts), to capture the richness of the unfolding story of complex educational initiatives. To illustrate this, this paper presents six reflective vignettes that ponder the barriers, and potential responses sought, within a two‐year exploratory case study that aimed to actively engage local education‐related stakeholders, leading a borough‐wide place‐based initiative, with evidence. Data reported within these vignettes were collected through a series of semi‐structured interviews, supplemented by an embedded evaluator's field notes and analysed thematically. Although more research is needed, this paper concludes that the embedded evaluation model might have potential to respond to the diverse challenges associated with evidence‐use, by positioning the evaluator in a relationally elastic way that might enable them to embed evidence‐into‐use pathways within policy and practice both actively and iteratively.
Context and implicationsRationale for this studyTo present an empirical example of an embedded evaluation approach that has sought to overcome a range of barriers to evidence‐use.Why the new findings matterResponding to a lack of consensus around the most effective ways to implement evidence into educational practice, the findings suggest potentially significant solutions to established barriers to evidence‐use.Implications forThis paper has implications for programme / project leads of place‐based education improvement strategies—both operationally and strategically—in demonstrating how embedded evaluation might enable more institutionally relevant and longitudinal evaluation agenda and designs to be co‐produced with a range of education‐related stakeholders, including young people.This paper also has implications for university‐based researchers and evaluators. In particular, it demonstrates the possibilities that embedded research and evaluation might pose for bridging between the university as a world‐leading research hub and regional education systems and structures, in ways that place evidence at the heart of local policy and practice.