bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gesundheitsökonomische Aspekte von Übergewicht und
Adipositas: Krankheitskosten und Kosteneffektivität am Beispiel von
Werberegulierungen
Authors: Lehnert Thomas , Konnopka Alexander , König Hans-Helmut 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die mit
Übergewicht und Adipositas assoziierten Kosten in Deutschland und stellt
empirische Ergebnisse zur Kosteneffektivität von Maßnahmen zur
Regulierung von TV-Werbung für ungesunde Lebensmittel aus der
internationalen Literatur vor. Übergewicht und Adipositas gehen mit sehr
hohen Kosten für das Gesundheitssystem und die Gesellschaft einher,
welche zugleich das maximale Einsparpotenzial an theoretisch vermeidbarer
ökonomischer Krankheitslast darstellen. Am Beispiel der Regulierung von
TV-Werbung für ungesunde Lebensmittel wird aufgezeigt, wie mit den
Methoden der ökonomischen Evaluation die Kosteneffektivität von
Präventionsmaßnahmen beurteilt werden kann. Eine internationale
Literatursuche identifizierte sechs modellbasierte
Kosteneffektivitätsanalysen, die die Wirtschaftlichkeit von
Regulierungen für Zeithorizonte zwischen 10 und 100 Jahren untersuchen.
Die Interventionen erwiesen sich in allen Studien und für alle
untersuchten Länder/Populationen als kosteneffektiv oder
kostensparend. Zukünftig sollten vermehrt Interventionsprogramme,
bestehend aus aufeinander abgestimmten und simultan implementierten
präventiven und therapeutischen Maßnahmen entwickelt und
ökonomisch evaluiert werden.
Das Ausmaß von Kindermarketing ungesunder Lebensmittel in TV
und Internet in Deutschland
Authors: Effertz Tobias 
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Kindermarketing ist ein kausaler Faktor für kindliche
Adipositas und ungesunde Ernährungsweisen. Dieser Beitrag zeigt das
aktuelle Ausmaß an Kindermarketing für ungesunde Lebensmittel in
TV und Internet in Deutschland auf und gibt Empfehlungen für ein
wirksames Kindermarketingverbot in den Massenmedien.
Methodik Mithilfe verschiedener Datensätze und Statistiken zum
Werbegeschehen in Fernsehen und Internet wurde die Anzahl an Werbespots im TV
bzw. Ad-Impressions im Internet für ungesunde Lebensmittel aggregiert
und auf die von Kindern tägliche gesehene Anzahl umgerechnet.
Ergebnisse Kinder sehen täglich 10,34 Werbespots für
ungesunde Lebensmittel im Fernsehen und weitere 5 Ad-Impressions im Internet. In
beiden Medien wurden ungesunde Lebensmittel überzufällig
häufig mit Methoden des Kindermarketings beworben.
Schlussfolgerung Es existiert ein hohes Ausmaß an Kinder
gerichteter Werbung für ungesunde Lebensmittel in Fernsehen und
Internet, welches im Zeitablauf eher zugenommen hat. Vor dem Hintergrund der
Befundlage zur Kausalität des Kindermarketings ungesunder Lebensmittel
auf Adipositas sollte ein gesetzliches Verbot implementiert werden.
Mentoria na residência médica em Ortopedia: Avaliação de um programa por mentores e mentorados
Authors: Mendes Júnior Adriano Fernando , Pereira Gabriel Meireles Azevedo , Bussius Daniel Teixeira , Ortiz Rafael Trevisan , Ejnisman Leandro 
Published: June 2022

Resumo
Objetivo Demonstrar o grau de recomendação de mentores e mentorados quanto à participação em um programa de mentoria, avaliar o grau de satisfação dos participantes, e descrever as principais características das reuniões em dupla.
Materiais e Métodos Estudo primário, retrospectivo, analítico, com análise das respostas dos questionários de avaliação anual do programa de mentoria em dupla da residência de Ortopedia e Traumatologia da instituição de dezembro de 2017 a fevereiro de 2021.
Resultados Foram obtidas 52 respostas de 26 preceptores mentores e 26 residentes mentorados. A média de idade dos mentorados foi de 27 anos (±1,5 ano), ao passo que a média de idade dos mentores foi de 45 anos (±8,2 anos). O grau de recomendação do programa pelos participantes foi de 96%, e 89% dos mentorados consideraram que os mentores contribuíram para a tomada de decisões pessoais e profissionais.
Conclusão O programa de mentoria se mostrou uma estratégia com alto grau de recomendação na residência médica em Ortopedia. Os dados mostram que os mentores contribuíram para a tomada de decisões pessoais e profissionais dos mentorados.
Risk Factors for Malignancy in Patients with Multinodular Goiter
Authors: Fernandes Guilherme Arruda , Matos Leandro Luongo de , Dedivitis Rogério Aparecido 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction The identification of thyroid cancer may be conducted through clinical detection, imaging method, and histopathological examination. Both solitary nodules and multinodular goiter are associated with malignancy.
Objective To assess the risk factors for malignancy among patients with multinodular goiter submitted to total thyroidectomy.
Methods A series of 712 consecutive patients, submitted to total thyroidectomy between 2005 and 2016 with multinodular goiter regarding clinical, ultrasound, and pathological variables, was retrospectively evaluated.
Results There were 408 cases of papillary carcinoma (57.3%), with the remaining being benign. Gender had no statistical significance (p = 0.169) for malignancy, unlike the Bethesda index, higher age group (p = 0.005), shorter clinical history time (p = 0.036), smaller number of nodules (p < 0.0001), and smaller nodule size (p < 0.0001), which were related to malignancy.
Conclusion The Bethesda index, older age group, shorter clinical history, smaller number of nodules, and smaller size of nodule were related to the diagnosis of papillary carcinoma.
Genomic Analysis of Thrombophilia Variants in the General Population for the Creation of an Effective Preoperative Screening Tool
Authors: Azar Fadi M. , Menezes John M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background The loss of a free flap in reconstructive microsurgery is a devastating complication in both the intraoperative and postoperative setting. Previous research has identified a variety of genetic polymorphisms that induce a hypercoagulable state and predispose patients to clot formation and subsequent free flap loss. We aim to review the risks of performing microsurgery on patients who are genetically predisposed to hypercoagulability, as well as identify options, for preoperative screening of inherited thrombophilia.
Methods A thorough literature review was conducted with an online database. A total of 30 studies were reviewed to identify genetic polymorphisms that cause inherited thrombophilia. Through manual review of the literature, a table was created that included thrombotic risk factors and their associated genetic polymorphisms. If the information was available, prevalence for each thrombotic risk was also reported.
Results Overall, 18 thrombotic risk factors that contribute to hereditary thrombophilia were identified and linked with specific genes and/or genetic polymorphisms. In studies that did not look at particular ethnic groups, 13 unique thrombotic risk factors were identified. In studies that examined specific ethnic groups exclusively, 12 thrombotic risk factors were identified and related to their respective gene or group of genes. Five of the 18 thrombotic risk factors identified were associated with increased risks of both venous and arterial thrombosis. The remainder of the thrombotic risk factors was associated with increased risk of venous thrombosis exclusively.
Conclusion The use of genetic screening tests for hereditary thrombophilia in the preoperative setting can serve as an effective preventative measure against postoperative thrombosis. Further exploration of thrombotic risk factors and their related genetic polymorphisms are important steps in reducing postoperative free flap loss.
Role of Probiotics in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews
Authors: Iftikhar Haissan , Awan Muhammad Ozair , Awan Muhammad Sohail , Mustafa Khawaja , Das Jai K. , Ahmed Shahzada Khuram 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction Allergic rhinitis (AR) is estimated to affect up to 30% of the world population. With the rise in cases, newer treatment modalities have been explored. Probiotics have shown to reduce symptoms of AR and improve quality of life. A few systematic reviews have been published aiming to assess the role of probiotics in AR.
Objectives To consolidate the recent evidence with an overview of systematic reviews by extracting data regarding subjective outcomes (from quality of life questionnaires, the Total Nasal Symptom Score, the Total Ocular Symptom Score, the Daily Total Symptom Score, the incidence of AR, and the Rhinitis Total Symptom Score) and objective outcomes (levels of antigen-specific immunoglobulin E [IgE], total IgE, interleukin 10 [IL-10], interferon gamma [IFNG], eosinophil, and the T helper 1/T helper 2 [Th1/Th2] ratio).
Data Synthesis We conducted a literature search on the PubMed, EBSCO CINAHL, EBSCO Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source, and Cochrane Library up to April 14, 2020. The qualitative assessment was performed using the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR-2) tool. A total of 419 titles were screened, and 3 systematic reviews met our eligibility criteria. Probiotics in the treatment of AR have been shown to improve quality of life, the total nasal and ocular symptom scores, the daily total symptom scores and Th1/Th2 ratio. No difference was ascertained for rhinitis total symptom score, and the rates of antigen-specific IgE, total IgE, IL-10, INFG and eosinophil.
Conclusion The present review showed that there is considerable evidence that probiotics are useful in the treatment of AR. Further randomized trials targeting the limitations of the currently-available evidence can help ascertain the usefulness of probiotics in cases of AR.
Role of torsional potential in chain conformation, thermodynamics, and glass formation of simulated polybutadiene melts
Authors: Demydiuk F. , Solar M. , Meyer H. , Benzerara O. , Paul W. , Baschnagel J. 
Published: June 2022

For polymer chains, the torsional potential is an important intramolecular energy influencing chain flexibility and segmental dynamics. Through molecular dynamics simulations of an atomistic model for melts of cis–trans-1,4-polybutadiene (PBD), we explore the effect of the torsions on conformational properties (bond vector correlations and mean-square internal distances), fundamental thermodynamic quantities (density, compressibility, internal energy, and specific heat), and glass transition temperature Tg. This is achieved by systematically reducing the strength of the torsional potential, starting from the chemically realistic chain (CRC) model with the full potential toward the freely rotating chain (FRC) model without the torsional potential. For the equilibrium liquid, we find that the effect of the torsions on polymer conformations is very weak. Still weaker is the influence on the monomer density ρ and isothermal compressibility κT of the polymer liquid, both of which can be considered as independent of the torsional potential. We show that a van der Waals-like model proposed by Long and Lequeux [Eur. Phys. J. E 4, 371 (2001)] allows us to describe very well the temperature (T) dependence of ρ and κT. We also find that our data obey the linear relation between 1/kBTρκT and 1/T (with the Boltzmann constant kB) that has recently been predicted and verified on the experiment by Mirigian and Schweizer [J. Chem. Phys. 140, 194507 (2014)]. For the equilibrium liquid, simulations result in a specific heat, at constant pressure and at constant volume, which increases on cooling. This T dependence is opposite to the one found experimentally for many polymer liquids, including PBD. We suggest that this difference between simulation and experiment may be attributed to quantum effects due to hydrogen atoms and backbone vibrations, which, by construction, are not included in the classical united-atom model employed here. Finally, we also determine Tg from the density–temperature curve monitored in a finite-rate cooling process. While the influence of the torsional potential on ρ(T) is vanishingly small in the equilibrium liquid, the effect of the torsions on Tg is large. We find that Tg decreases by about 150 K when going from the CRC to the FRC model.
Optimisation and modelling of draft and rupture width using response surface methodology and artificial neural network for tillage tools
Authors: Gautam Prem Veer , Tiwari Prem Shanker , Agrawal Kamal Nayan , Roul Ajay Kumar , Kumar Manoj , Singh Karan 
Published: June 2022

Context Soil–tool interaction modelling and optimisation reduce manufacturing costs and energy requirements for precision tillage equipment design. Diverse tillage tools have been designed to reduce draft requirements and desirable soil disturbance, but this is not fully understood. Aims The current study investigated the effects of tool width, cone index, depth, and forward speed on draft with corresponding rupture width in order to develop response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) models and compared them to other models in order to predict draft and rupture width. Methods Experiments were carried out in a soil bin with a vertisol, and rupture width was measured using an image processing technique. Key results Using RSM, the optimum values for minimum draft with maximum rupture width within a range of independent variables were found to be 100 mm tool width, 600 kPa cone index, 141.63 mm tillage depth, and 3 km/h forward speed. For predicting the draft, the coefficients of determination (R2) for ANN and RSM models were 0.997 and 0.987, respectively; for rupture width prediction, R2 were 0.921 and 0.976. Conclusions Developed ANN and RSM models of draft and rupture width were better than other analytical or numerical models, and both models’ predictions were in good agreement with experiment values within the range of ±5% uncertainty. Implications The developed models can be used to predict the draft and soil disturbance requirements of tillage tools and design precision tillage tools.
Trees, assemblies, chains, and windows*
Authors: Waliński Jacek Tadeusz 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
For describing grammatical organization, metaphors based on a variety of source domains – including trees, networks, chains, paths, and windows – all appear to have some validity. In Cognitive Grammar, they pertain to facets of assemblies, where semantic and phonological structures are connected by relations of symbolization, composition, and categorization. Assemblies have a temporal dimension; consisting in sequenced processing activity that runs concurrently on different time scales, they involve both seriality and hierarchy. In their hierarchical aspect, they are comparable to constituency trees, and in their connections, to dependency trees. Assembly elements, which can be characterized at any level of specificity, are connected in both syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations. A person’s linguistic ability comprises a vast assembly of conventional units, a portion of which are activated as part of the transient assembly constituting a particular expression. Lexicon and grammar effect the implementation of semantic functions – affective, interactive, descriptive, and discursive – which emerge with varying degrees of salience depending on their symbolization by segmental, prosodic, and other means. Assemblies thus make possible a unified approach to processing, structure, function, and use.
Constructions, generalizations, and the unpredictability of language*
Authors: Herbst Thomas 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Attempts at predicting syntactic behavior from semantic or other generalizations are often unsatisfactory. It is argued that the notion of competition as used by Goldberg (2019) can serve as an explanation for unpredictability in language because established formulations that are preferred over others automatically distort the collocational profiles of verbs in argument structure constructions. As a consequence of this, an approach of seeing items as items-in-constructions (and not as elements attracted to them) is argued for. It is then shown how this items-in-constructions view can be applied to designing models of reference constructicons and mental constructicons.
From construction grammar to embodied construction practice*
Authors: De Knop Sabine 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In recent years, foreign language pedagogy has recognized the need to focus on larger meaningful sequences of words and on communicative goals. Construction grammar (CxG) has a number of assets to address these issues. First, with the postulate of meaningful schematic templates, CxG makes it possible to establish a structured inventory of abstract constructions. In this chapter, this is illustrated by the inventory of German constructions with the preposition bis ‘up to, until’. Second, constructions, having a certain degree of schematicity, are particularly suitable to be practiced as whole sequences. Interactive activities based on ‘embodied teaching and learning’ can help foster the entrenchment of constructions.
Deictic directionals revisited in the light of advances in typology
Authors: Lamarre Christine , Vittrant Alice , Kopecka Anetta , Voisin Sylvie , Bon Noëllie , Fagard Benjamin , Grinevald Colette , Moyse-Faurie Claire , Risler Annie , Song Jin-Ke , Tan Adeline , Voirin Clément 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study explores the issue of Associated Motion (hereafter AM) in five languages spoken in Africa and Asia. We investigate grammatical morphemes whose function is to add a motion process to the event encoded in the verb expressing the main (non-motion) event, and to specify the temporal sequence of these two events (motion-prior-to-action or motion-subsequent-to-action). We show that an AM analysis adequately accounts for the function of morphemes previously considered as directionals in Wolof and Burmese, whereas in Sereer, Northern Mandarin and Japanese, AM markers are concurring with morphemes marking deictic orientation. Our results support recent studies showing that AM is a widespread linguistic phenomenon, and thus raise the question of the place of AM in a typology of motion events.
Co-event relations in Swedish motion constructions
Authors: Olofsson Joel 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This paper discusses co-events denoted by verbs used in Swedish motion events. The motion events are analyzed as constructions in the sense of construction grammar, in which the motion component can be argued to be evoked by a syntactic construction rather than by the verb per se.
The manner of motion aspect of motion events has been extensively explored in typological research. The purpose of the paper is to give an overview of co-events often neglected in this research on motion events. Based on empirical findings in large corpora, this paper also focuses on co-event relations other than manner, such as concomitant activities, concurrent results, predicatives and modality.
Assessing writing development during study abroad
Authors: Strobl Carola , Baten Kristof 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In research about second language (L2) development during study abroad (SA), writing is underrepresented. This is partly due to the difficulty of designing adequate tasks and measures to gauge writing development during a short immersion period. Our study explores the applicability of a narrative task assessed in terms of both linguistic complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF) and functional adequacy (FA), a novelty in SA writing research. Texts written by 30 advanced students of L2 German before and after SA were analysed. The results show moderate correlations between the measures for fluency and lexical variation and two FA dimensions. This suggests that, in the SA context, CAF and FA develop together to a certain extent, although the constructs are conceptually different.
Atypical neural oscillations in response to speech in infants and children with speech and language impairments
Authors: Nallet Caroline , Gervain Judit 
Published: June 2022

Purpose:
A growing body of evidence suggests that speech perception impairments found in subjects with language deficits could be linked to the atypical neural entrainment of the brain oscillations present in the auditory cortex and oscillating at different frequencies, to the amplitude modulations of speech at different rates (i.e. phrase-level, syllable-level, phoneme-level).

Material and methods:
In this paper, we conducted a systematic review of the studies investigating the neural synchronisation to auditory stimuli, linguistic or non-linguistic, in subjects with or at risk for language impairments. Our systematic research led to thirteen articles. The majority of these studies concerned subjects with dyslexia.

Results:
The studies are in favour of an overall atypical oscillatory activity of the auditory cortex in response to speech, at different modulation rates, associated with language outcomes. However, this systematic review shows that this research area is at its infancy and that conflicting results on the precise oscillatory mechanisms involved in the impaired speech perception still exist; further research as well as replications of the previous findings are needed to better understand the relationship between atypical neural entrainment to speech and language disorders.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, we link this systematic review to the prosodic prenatal shaping hypothesis proposing a developmental framework of speech perception linked to the theory of the embedded neural oscillations of the auditory cortex. A better understanding of the development of the neural mechanisms underlying speech perception and how they develop during infancy and childhood, both in typically and atypically developing children, could lead to better and earlier screening of children at risk for Language-Learning Impairment (LLI) and thus earlier and more efficient intervention programs.
Bilocal geodesic operators in static spherically-symmetric spacetimes
Authors: Serbenta Julius , Korzyński Mikołaj 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We present a method to compute exact expressions for optical observables for static spherically symmetric spacetimes in the framework of the bilocal geodesic operator formalism. The expressions are obtained by solving the linear geodesic deviation equations for null geodesics, using the spacetime symmetries and the associated conserved quantities. We solve the equations in two different ways: by varying the geodesics with respect to their initial data and by directly integrating the equation for the geodesic deviation. The results are very general and can be applied to a variety of spacetime models and configurations of the emitter and the observer. We illustrate some of the aspects with an example of Schwarzschild spacetime, focusing on the behaviour of the angular diameter distance, the parallax distance, and the distance slip between the observer and the emitter outside the photon sphere.