bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular and cellular immune features of aged patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Tartaro Domenico Lo , Neroni Anita , Paolini Annamaria , Borella Rebecca , Mattioli Marco , Fidanza Lucia , Quong Andrew , Petes Carlene , Awong Geneve , Douglas Samuel , Lin Doxia , Nieto Jordan , Gozzi Licia , Franceschini Erica , Busani Stefano , Nasi Milena , Mattioli Anna Vittoria , Trenti Tommaso , Meschiari Marianna , Guaraldi Giovanni , Girardis Massimo , Mussini Cristina , Gibellini Lara , De Biasi Sara , Cossarizza Andrea 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for developing severe COVID-19, but few detailed data are available concerning immunological changes after infection in aged individuals. Here we describe main immune characteristics in 31 patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection who were >70 years old, compared to 33 subjects <60 years of age. Differences in plasma levels of 62 cytokines, landscape of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, T cell repertoire, transcriptome of central memory CD4+ T cells, specific antibodies are reported along with features of lung macrophages. Elderly subjects have higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, more circulating plasmablasts, reduced plasmatic level of anti-S and anti-RBD IgG3 antibodies, lower proportions of central memory CD4+ T cells, more immature monocytes and CD56+ pro-inflammatory monocytes, lower percentages of circulating follicular helper T cells (cTfh), antigen-specific cTfh cells with a less activated transcriptomic profile, lung resident activated macrophages that promote collagen deposition and fibrosis. Our study underlines the importance of inflammation in the response to SARS-CoV-2 and suggests that inflammaging, coupled with the inability to mount a proper anti-viral response, could exacerbate disease severity and the worst clinical outcome in old patients.
Spatial Disparities in Air Conditioning Ownership in Florida, United States
Authors: Ahn Yoonjung , Uejio Christopher K. , Wong Sandy , Powell Emily , Holmes Tisha 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background Air conditioning usage is the most effective intervention to prevent heat-related illnesses such as heat exhaustion and heatstroke. However, limited geographic coverage and outdated information on air conditioning (AC) availability limit extreme heat risk mapping and prevention efforts. Methods This paper contributes to this research gap by using updated AC availability data to detect areas in Florida, U.S., with significant AC needs and to assess the factors associated with AC ownership. Leveraging property databases, this study first identified Florida, U.S. census tracts by applying Moran’s I and Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) and applied Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) to investigate the relationship between AC ownership and sociodemographic characteristics. Results Clusters of significantly high and low values (p < 0.05) of AC ownership were found across Florida. High-high clusters of AC ownership were found in the northern and eastern coasts, including large metropolitan areas such as Jacksonville, Sarasota, Fort Lauderdale, and Daytona Beach. Clusters with no AC were located in the interior of Florida. We closely looked at AC prevalence clusters in Duval County which contains the city of Jacksonville. Clusters of households with low to no AC availability were found in the urban core, where there is high poverty, poor housing conditions, and low education levels. SDM results showed a significant association between AC ownership and socioeconomic and urbanicity (urban and rural) variables. In particular, we found that a higher proportion of households without an AC are located in predominantly Black or African American neighborhoods, indicating racial disparities in AC ownership. Conclusions Our results can be used to target neighborhoods that are in great need of heat prevention measures. For instance, part of the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program offers financial assistance to families with low incomes for energy bills initiated to provide AC units. The result of this study can be used to support this policy. Trial registration Not applicable
A Study of Effect of Covid-19 on Students and Teachers with Special Reference to E-Learning (Online Learning)
Authors: Jainani Kirti 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Education is the backbone of any country and its development is based on the learning outcomes of the students. During the pandemic and post covid education sector is entirely transformed. This research paper is an attempt to analyse the impact of online learning and teaching on youth and educators. As youth has been considered future managers and nation builders. Novelty of this paper is that it’s a comparative study to analyse the satisfaction level and challenges faced by both the groups (instructor and students) with special reference to higher education. Descriptive statistics and SPSS software has been used to analyse the data of 200 educators and students of Jaipur City. Implications of the study is to overcome the challenges faced by student’s community and instructors. Also many academic institute and universities may formulate the strategies accordingly in this new post pandemic era to satisfy their employees and students too.
Ethnobotanical study of Wild edible fruits in eastern Bhutan
Authors: Yangdon Pema , Araki Tetsuya , Rahayu Yen Yen Sally , Norbu Kunzang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundIn the past, wild edible fruits (WEFs) were a significant source of food and nutrition in Bhutan. These nutrient-rich species can enhance food security and poverty alleviation in the country. However, recent developments like the introduction of improved fruit varieties, changes in dietary choices, and infrastructure developments are expected to influence indigenous knowledge and consumption of WEFs. We sought to document the species diversity of WEFs and their uses in eastern Bhutan and examine how the knowledge and consumption of WEFs vary with socio-demographic factors. MethodsA total of 97 households in two districts were randomly selected to participate in the survey. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to interview a randomly selected adult in each household. Comparative analysis of indigenous knowledge and consumption of WEFs among the socio-demographic factors was performed using the one-way ANOVA and chi-square test in R software.ResultsThe present study reported 52 species of WEFs from 35 families. The prevalence of WEF consumption was found to be 42%. WEF consumption differed significantly between districts, age groups, and indigenous knowledge levels. Similarly, indigenous knowledge of WEFs was significantly associated with districts and age groups.ConclusionsThe eastern region of Bhutan has a rich diversity of WEFs, but their consumption has decreased. Recent agricultural and infrastructure developments may have impacted the region's consumption and indigenous knowledge of WEFs. Thus, domestication and agro-processing should become a major focus in Bhutan to utilize their nutritional value and potential economic benefits to enhance food security in the country. Additionally, incorporating WEF-related knowledge in the school curriculum is essential to educate younger generations on WEFs.
Sorafenib Plus Drug-eluting Bead Transarterial Chemoembolization for Early Intrahepatic Stage-progressed Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Refractory to Conventional Transarterial Chemoembolization
Authors: Fan Wenzhe , Zhu Bowen , Yue Shufan , Lu Mingjian , Fan Huishang , Qiao Liangliang , Li Fuliang , Yuan Guosheng , Wu Yanqin , Zheng Xinlin , Zou Xinhua , Wang Hongyu , Xue Miao , Li Jiaping 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the effectiveness and safety of the combination of sorafenib and drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) in the treatment of early intrahepatic stage-progressed advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (ISPA-HCC).Methods: This study was approved by the ethics committees of six tertiary medical centers in China. Between October 2017 and October 2020, 213 patients with advanced HCC received either sorafenib combined with on-demand DEB-TACE (DTS group, n = 103) or sorafenib monotherapy (S group, n = 110). Overall survival (OS), time to progression (TTP), local tumor response, and adverse events (AEs) were compared between the two groups.Results: The AEs of patients were similar between the DTS and S groups. The post-treatment partial response, objective response, and disease control rates were significantly higher in the DTS group than in the S group (51.5% vs. 23.6%; 56.3% vs. 25.5%; 77.7% vs. 56.4%, respectively). The median OS was significantly longer in the DTS group than in the S group (16.3 vs. 10.0 months; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.43; P < 0.001), as was the TTP (6.7 vs. 4.3 months; HR = 0.60; P = 0.001). In the DTS group, patients who received ≥2 sessions of DEB-TACE benefited more than those who received two sessions of DEB-TACE. Multivariate analysis revealed that the α-fetoprotein level and treatment allocation were independent predictors of OS and TTP.Conclusion: The combination of sorafenib and DEB-TACE is safe and effective for the treatment of early ISPA-HCC.
Intention to seek emergency medical services during community overdose events in British Columbia, Canada: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Kievit Brad , Xavier Jessica , Ferguson Max , Palis Heather , Moallef Soroush , Slaunwhite Amanda , Gillis Terri , Virk Rajmeet , Buxton Jane A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Canada and the United States continue to experience increasing overdose deaths attributed to highly toxic illicit substances. Many bystanders report being hesitant to call 9-1-1 at an overdose due to fears around police presence and arrests. In Canada, a federal law was enacted in 2017, the Good Samaritan Drug Overdose Act (GSDOA), to provide protection from simple drug possession and related charges when 9-1-1 is called to an overdose. There is limited evidence, however, that the GSDOA has improved rates of 9-1-1-calling at overdose events. We therefore sought to examine intent to call 9-1-1 among persons who received GSDOA education and were at risk of witnessing an overdose.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with people at risk of witnessing an overdose recruited at 19 Take Home Naloxone (THN) program sites across British Columbia as well as online through Foundry from October 2020 to April 2021. Descriptive statistics were used to examine intention to call 9-1-1 at future overdoses. Multivariable logistic regression models were built in hierarchical fashion to examine factors associated with intention to call 9-1-1.Results: Overall, 89.6% (n = 404) of the eligible sample reported intention to call 9-1-1. In the multivariable model, factors positively associated with intention to call 9-1-1 included identifying as a cisgender woman (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 3.37; 95% CI: 1.19-9.50) and having previous GSDOA awareness ([AOR]: 4.16; 95% CI: 1.62-10.70). Having experienced a stimulant overdose in the past 6 months was negatively associated with intention to call 9-1-1 ([AOR]: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.09-0.65).Conclusion: A small proportion of the respondents reported that the GSDOA did not affect their intention to call 9-1-1. Our findings reveal that some people who use drugs continue to face barriers to calling 9-1-1, suggesting that participants perceived that the GSDOA offers limited legal protections. Increasing GSDOA awareness and/or additional interventions to support the aims of the GSDOA, such as implementing broader decriminalization of drug possession, could address ongoing barriers to emergency medical care for people who use drugs.
Injection Laryngoplasty of Human Adipose-derived Stem Cell Spheroids With Hyaluronic Acid-based Hydrogel Improves the Morphological and Functional Characteristics of Geriatric Larynx
Authors: Lee Doh Young , Choi Young Hwan , Choi Ji Suk , Eom Min Rye , Kwon Seong Keun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Aim: As the geriatric population increased, the need of treatment for laryngeal atrophy and dysfunction increased. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of injection of human adipose-derived stem cell (hASC) spheroid-loaded catechol-conjugated hyaluronic acid (HA-CA) hydrogel on therapeutic rejuvenation of the geriatric larynx. Methods: Stem cell spheroids with hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel were injected into the laryngeal muscles of 18-month-old Sprague–Dawley rats. The effects of hASC spheroids were examined in the following four groups: SHAM, injected with PBS; GEL, injected with HA-CA hydrogel; MONO, injected with single hASCs in HA-CA hydrogel; and SP, injected with hASCs spheroids in HA-CA hydrogel. The rejuvenation efficacy in geriatric laryngeal muscle tissues at 12 weeks postinjection was evaluated and compared by histology, immunofluorescence staining, and functionality analysis. Results: Total myofiber cross-sectional area and myofiber number/density, evaluated by detection of myosin heavy chain with antibodies against laminin and fast myosin heavy chain, were significantly higher in the SP group than in the other groups. The lamina propria of the larynx was evaluated by alcian blue staining, which showed that the HA was increased significantly in the SP group compared to the other groups. In functional analysis, the glottal gap area was significantly reduced in the SP group compared to the other groups. The phase difference in the vocal fold during vibration was also smaller in the SP group than in the other groups, but the difference did not reach statistical significance.Conclusion: Injection of hASC spheroids with hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel improves the morphological and functional characteristics of geriatric larynx
Factors affecting mortality of hospitalized facial trauma patients in Al-Ain City, United Arab Emirates
Authors: Al-Ali Mohamed A. , Alao David O. , Abu-Zidan Fikri M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Facial injuries affect one third of severely injured patients. These injuries have devastating long-term negative impact on quality of life. We aimed to study the epidemiology of facial injuries and factors affecting mortality of hospitalized facial trauma patients in Al-Ain City, United Arab Emirates Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected data from Al-Ain Hospital Trauma Registry. All patients with facial injury who were hospitalized for more than 24 hours or who died after arrival at the hospital during the period from January 2014 to December 2017 were studied. Univariate analysis was used to compare patients who died and those who survived. Significant factors were then entered into a backward logistic regression model to define factors affecting mortality. Results: 408 patients having a mean age of 31.9 years were studied, 87.3% were males. The main mechanisms of injury were road traffic collisions (45.1%) and fall from height (11.3%). 289 (70.8%) patients had associated injuries which were mainly in the head and chest. The backward logistic regression model showed that GCS was the only factor that predicted mortality, p<0.0001 with the best cut-off point of 7.5 having a sensitivity of 0.972 and a specificity of 0.8. The ROC had an area under the curve of 0.924.Conclusions: Majority of facial injury patients in our setting are young males who were involved in road traffic collsions or falls from height. The most important factor prediciting mortality of these patients was the low GCS. Those having GCS of 8 and more had a better chance for survival. This information is very important when counselling patients or their relatives for facial surgery.
Optimized Dose Selective HDAC Inhibitor Tucidinostat Overcomes Anti-PD-L1 Antibody Resistance in Experimental Solid Tumors
Authors: Zhang Pei , Du Yang , Bai Hua , Wang Zhijie , Duan Jianchun , Wang Xin , Zhong Jia , Wan Rui , Xu Jiachen , He Xiran , Wang Di , Fei Kailun , Yu Ruofei , Tian Jie , Wang Jie 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have influenced the treatment paradigm for multiple solid tumors, increasing evidence suggests that primary and adaptive resistance may limit the long-term efficacy of ICIs. New therapeutic strategies with other drug combinations are hence warranted to enhance the antitumor efficacy of ICIs. As a novel tumor suppressor, histone deacetylase inhibitor tucidinostat has been successfully confirmed to act against hematological malignancies. However, the underlying mechanisms of action for tucidinostat and whether it can manipulate the tumor microenvironment (TME) in solid tumors remain unclear. Methods: Three murine tumor models were developed to define the significant role of different doses of tucidinostat in TME. The immunotherapeutic effect of tucidinostat combined with anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 antibody (aPD-L1) was demonstrated. Furthermore, the effect of tucidinostat on phenotypic characteristics of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from lung cancer patients was investigated.Results: With an optimized dose, tucidinostat could alter TME and promote the migration and infiltration of CD8+ T cells into tumors, partially by increasing the activity of C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 via NF-κB signaling. Moreover, tucidinostat significantly promoted M1 polarization of macrophages and increased the in vivo antitumor efficacy of aPD-L1. Tucidinostat also enhanced the expression of the costimulatory molecules on human monocytes, suggesting a novel and improved antigen-presenting function.Conclusions: A combination regimen of tucidinostat and aPD-L1 may work synergistically to reduce tumor burden in patients with cancer by enhancing the immune function and provided a promising treatment strategy to overcome ICI treatment resistance.
Antimicrobial Efficacy And Cryogenic Conservation of Solanum Villosum Grown Under In Vitro Environment
Authors: Shibli Rida A. , Qudah Tamara S. Al- , Zatimeh Ahmad , Tahtamouni Reham W. , Mallouh Saida Abu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Solanum villosum is a wild distinguished medicinal herb that has few studies describing its medicinal properties with no sustainable production and conservation studies. In this study, in vitro cultures of microshoots and callus of Solanum villosum were multiplied in vitro on Murashige and Skoog media supplemented with different growth regulators. The MS media that have 2,4 Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and Kinetin at the levels of (2.0, 1.2 mg/L; respectively) were used for the induction and multiplication of callus that yielded the highest fresh weight of (6.03 ± 0.15) g. Cryopreservation was applied successfully to seeds, while microshoots and callus were cryopreserved via v-cryoplate technique. The highest regrowth rate was obtained in callus (95± 0.13) after pre-culturing callus on 0.3 M sucrose for 5 days. The most inhibited bacteria strains by microshoots extracts were, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus epidermidis (30±0.25 and 25±0.17 mm; respectively) using the disk diffusion assay. In MIC method; The extract obtained from microshoots achieved best results of MIC values (9.77 and 39.06 (µg/ml) against (Micrococcus luteus and Klebsiella pneumonia; respectively). A sustainable protocol of callus culture and cryopreservation protocol for in vitro Solanum villosum has been set for the first time which makes this research novel. Furthermore, promising results of antimicrobial activity for both in vitro and wild Solanum villosum were obtained.
Covid-19 Vaccine Acceptance in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sahile Addisu T , Gizaw Girma Demissie , Mgutshini Tennyson , Gebremariam Zewdu Minwuyelet , Bekele Getabalew Endazenaw 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The Coronavirus Disease-2019 pandemic impacted the everyday lives of the global population whereas a considerable proportion of people are offhand of taking the vaccine. And hence this study assessed the overall level of vaccine acceptance in Ethiopia.
Methods
Database search for articles was made systematically across Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct, Hinari, EMBASE, Boolean operator, and PubMed. Selection, screening, reviewing, and data extraction was made by two reviewers independently using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. The modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale(NOS) and the Joanna Briggs Institute prevalence critical appraisal tools were used to assess the quality of evidence. All studies conducted in Ethiopia, reporting vaccine acceptance were incorporated. The extracted data were imported into the Comprehensive meta-analysis version3.0 for further analysis. Publication bias was checked by using Beggs and Eggers tests. Heterogeneity was checked by Higgins’s method. A random-effects meta-analysis model with a 95% confidence interval was computed to estimate the pooled effect size (prevalence). Furthermore, subgroup analysis based on the study area and sample size was done
A Finite Element Method for the Equations of Motion Arising in Oldroyd Model of Order One with Grad-div Stabilization
Authors: Bir Bikram , Goswami Deepjyoti 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this paper, an inf-sup stable Galerkin mixed finite element method, for the equations of motion arising in the 2D Oldroyd model of order one, with a grad-div stabilization is discussed and an error analysis is carried out. Optimal error estimates for the velocity in L ∞(L 2 )-norm and for the pressure in L 2 (L 2 )-norm are established in the semidiscrete case. Then, based on backward Euler method, a completely discrete scheme is analyzed, and optimal error estimates are derived. This grad-div stabilization scheme, which adds a stabilization term to the momentum equation, is known to be suitable for high Reynolds number. In conformation with this, the error estimates, in both semi and fully discrete cases, are obtained with constants independent of inverse of viscosity. Finally, we present some numerical results to validate our theoretical results.
The cardiovascular benefits of GLP1-RAs are related to their positive effect on glycemic control: A meta-regression analysis
Authors: GHOSAL SAMIT , Sinha Binayak 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Backgrounds and Aims:Glucagon-like-peptides 1 receptor analogues (GLP1-RAs) have gained primacy in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) as their use is associated with significant metabolic benefits as well as positive macrovascular outcomes, as evidenced by several cardiovascular outcomes trials (CVOT). However, in contrast to the CVOT conducted with sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 Inhibitor (DPP-IVi), there was a significant reduction in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in some of the CVOT with GLP1RA. The aim of this analysis is to explore the possible association between cardiovascular outcome benefits with GLP1-RAs and HbA1c reductionMethods:With the use of the Cochrane library a web search was conducted using keywords and 9 citations were selected for analysis. The analysis was performed using the comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) software version 3 (Biostat Inc., Englewood, NJ, USA). A meta-regression analysis was performed using HbA1c, weight, and systolic blood pressure reduction as moderators explaining the variance in true effects across the citations. Result:The meta-regression analysis was conducted on a pooled population of 64,236 patients. There was a significant heterogeneity associated with the MACE benefits (Q=16.88, I2: 52.59, df=7, p=0.03). Among the moderators selected to explain the variance in true effects, HbA1c reduction was significant (Q=7.00, P=<0.001, R2:1.0), with the regression model indicating a 21.86% reduction in MACE per 1% reduction in HbA1c. (Fig 1) Additional meta-regression analysis using 0.9% reduction of HbA1c from baseline indicated a significant association with MACE benefit (95% CI -0.23 to -0.02, P=0.01, R2: 0.98). Conclusion: The MACE benefits associated with GLP1-RAs are dependent on the reduction of HbA1c levels.