bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep-learning algorithm to detect fibrosing interstitial lung disease on chest radiographs
Authors: Nishikiori Hirotaka , Kuronuma Koji , Hirota Kenichi , Yama Naoya , Suzuki Tomohiro , Onodera Maki , Onodera Koichi , Ikeda Kimiyuki , Mori Yuki , Asai Yuichiro , Takagi Yuzo , Honda Seiwa , Ohnishi Hirofumi , Hatakenaka Masamitsu , Takahashi Hiroki , Chiba Hirofumi 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundAntifibrotic therapies are available to treat chronic fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (CF-ILDs), including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Early use of these treatments is recommended to slow deterioration of respiratory function and to prevent acute exacerbation. However, identifying patients in the early stages of CF-ILD using chest radiographs is challenging. In this study, we developed and tested a deep-learning algorithm to detect CF-ILD using chest radiograph images.MethodFrom the image archive of Sapporo Medical University Hospital, 653 chest radiographs from 263 patients with CF-ILDs and 506 from 506 patients without CF-ILD were identified; 921 were used for deep learning and 238 were used for algorithm testing. The algorithm was designed to output a numerical score ranging from 0 to 1, representing the probability of CF-ILD. Using the testing dataset, the algorithm's capability to identify CF-ILD was compared with that of doctors. A second dataset, in which CF-ILD was confirmed using computed tomography images, was used to further evaluate the algorithm's performance.ResultsThe area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, which indicates the algorithm's detection capability, was 0.979. Using a score cut-off of 0.267, the sensitivity and specificity of detection were 0.896 and 1.000, respectively. These data showed that the algorithm's performance was noninferior to that of doctors, including pulmonologists and radiologists; performance was verified using the second dataset.ConclusionsWe developed a deep-learning algorithm to detect CF-ILDs using chest radiograph images. The algorithm's detection capability was noninferior to that of doctors.
Identification and expression analysis of BURP domain-containing genes in jujube and their involvement in low temperature and drought response
Authors: Wang Wenzhu , Zhang Zhong , Li Xingang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Plant-specific BURP domain-containing genes are involved in plant development and stress responses. However, the role of BURP family in jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) has not been investigated.

Results
In this study, 17 BURP genes belonging to four subfamilies were identified in jujube based on homology analysis, gene structures, and conserved motif confirmation. Gene duplication analysis indicated both tandem duplication and segmental duplication had contributed to ZjBURP expansion. The ZjBURPs were extensively expressed in flowers, young fruits, and jujube leaves. Transcriptomic data and qRT-PCR analysis further revealed that ZjBURPs also significantly influence fruit development, and most genes could be induced by low temperature, salinity, and drought stresses. Notably, several BURP genes significantly altered expression in response to low temperature (ZjPG1) and drought stresses (ZjBNM7, ZjBNM8, and ZjBNM9).

Conclusions
These results provided insights into the possible roles of ZjBURPs in jujube development and stress response. These findings would help selecting candidate ZjBURP genes for cold- and drought-tolerant jujube breeding.
Division of the role and physiological impact of multiple lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase paralogs
Authors: Ogawa Takuya , Kuboshima Misaki , Suwanawat Nittikarn , Kawamoto Jun , Kurihara Tatsuo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAAT) is a phospholipid biosynthesis enzyme that introduces a particular set of fatty acids at the sn-2 position of phospholipids. Many bacteria have multiple LPAAT paralogs, and these enzymes are considered to have different fatty acid selectivities and to produce diverse phospholipids with distinct fatty acid compositions. This feature is advantageous for controlling the physicochemical properties of lipid membranes to maintain membrane integrity in response to the environment. However, it remains unclear how LPAAT paralogs are functionally differentiated and biologically significant.

Results
To better understand the division of roles of the LPAAT paralogs, we analyzed the functions of two LPAAT paralogs, PlsC4 and PlsC5, from the psychrotrophic bacterium Shewanella livingstonensis Ac10. As for their enzymatic function, lipid analysis of plsC4- and plsC5-inactivated mutants revealed that PlsC4 prefers iso-tridecanoic acid (C12-chain length, methyl-branched), whereas PlsC5 prefers palmitoleic acid (C16-chain length, monounsaturated). Regarding the physiological role, we found that plsC4, not plsC5, contributes to tolerance to cold stress. Using bioinformatics analysis, we demonstrated that orthologs of PlsC4/PlsC5 and their close relatives, constituting a new clade of LPAATs, are present in many γ-proteobacteria. We also found that LPAATs of this clade are phylogenetically distant from principal LPAATs, such as PlsC1 of S. livingstonensis Ac10, which are universally conserved among bacteria, suggesting the presence of functionally differentiated LPAATs in these bacteria.

Conclusions
PlsC4 and PlsC5, which are LPAAT paralogs of S. livingstonensis Ac10, play different roles in phospholipid production and bacterial physiology. An enzyme belonging to PlsC4/PlsC5 subfamilies and their close relatives are present, in addition to principal LPAATs, in many γ-proteobacteria, suggesting that the division of roles is more common than previously thought. Thus, both principal LPAATs and PlsC4/PlsC5-related enzymes should be considered to decipher the metabolism and physiology of bacterial cell membranes.
Clinical value of fetal facial profile markers during the first trimester
Authors: Zhou Xiaofeng , Ji Chunya , Sun Lingling , Yin Linliang , Deng Xuedong , Pan Qi , Zhang Jun , Yang Zhong , Zheng Chenhan , Ling Chen , Shi Liping , Wu Yanqing 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To study the correlations between facial profile markers and crown-lump length (CRL) in a Chinese population, and to evaluate the clinical value of these markers for abnormal fetuses during the first trimester (11 to 13+6 gestational weeks).

Methods
The facial profile markers were as followings: inferior facial angle (IFA), maxilla-nasion-mandible (MNM) angle, facial maxillary angle (FMA), frontal space (FS) distance and profile line (PL) distance. These markers were measured in facial mid-sagittal section through ViewPoint 6 software. The diagnostic value of these markers for abnormal fetuses was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results
According to the first-trimester scanning (FTS) and follow-up, 31 fetuses were enrolled in the abnormal group, including 14 cases of trisomy 21, 7 cases of trisomy 18, 10 cases with cleft lip and palate (CLP), and 1000 normal fetuses were selected. Among the normal fetuses, the IFA, FS distance and PL distance had negative correlations with CRL. The MNM angle and FMA had positive correlations with CRL. The mean IFA values for fetuses with trisomy 21 and trisomy 18 were 74.11° (standard deviation (SD) 7.48) and 69.88° (SD 7.08), respectively, which were significantly smaller than the normal fetuses (p = 0.013; p = 0.003). The mean MNM angle of fetuses with trisomy 18 and CLP were 6.98° (SD 2.61) and 9.41° (SD 2.57), respectively, which were significantly greater than the normal fetuses (p = 0.005; p < 0.001). The mean FMA values of trisomy 18 fetuses were 63.95° (SD 4.77), which was significantly smaller than the normal fetuses (p < 0.001). The mean FS distance of CLP fetuses was -0.22 mm (SD 1.38), which was significantly smaller than the normal fetuses (p < 0.001). The mean PL distance of trisomy 21, trisomy 18 and CLP fetuses were 2.89 mm (SD 0.41), 2.91 mm (SD 0.56) and 2.71 mm (SD 0.37), respectively. The difference with the normal fetuses had no statistical significance (p = 0.56; p = 0.607; p = 0.54).

Conclusions
Fetal facial profile markers had excellent correlations with CRL during the first trimester. IFA had certain clinical significance in detecting trisomy 21. FMA, IFA and MNM angle were reliable indicators for screening trisomy 18. The abnormal MNM angle and FS distance could be used as sensitive indicators for CLP. However, PL distance was not the best markers for trisomy 21, trisomy 18 and CLP.
Promoter methylation changes in the placenta involved in the relationship between prenatal depression and small for gestational age
Authors: Yang Jianhui , Xu Aitong , Zhang YuMin , Deng Jiahui , Lin Xuemei , Xie Lili , Deng Xiaochun , Liu Honglin , Chen Peishan , Huang Yuejun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Recent studies suggest that the incidence of small for gestational age (SGA) birth related to maternal depression, but the mechanism is unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the changes of promoter methylation in the placenta which may be involved in the relationship between prenatal depression and SGA.

Methods
Three hundred forty-five pregnant women were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. Perinatal emotion and sleep quality in the second and third trimesters were assessed using self-rating depression scale, self-rating anxiety scale, and Pittsburgh sleep quality index. According to the exposure (depressed emotion of mother) and outcome (SGA), the placentas were divided into four groups. Methylation of the promoter regions of the placental CRH, HSD11β2, SLA16A10, DIO3, and MTNR1B genes was determined using next generation sequencing based on bisulfite sequencing PCR.

Results
There were 97 (28.1%) and 95 (27.5%) pregnant women who had depression in the second trimester and third trimester, respectively. Thirty-five pregnant women had an SGA birth. The incidence of SGA births in this prospective cohort was 10.1%. The risk factors of SGA birth were low BMI of pregnancy women (RR = 0.71, 95%CI = 0.54 ~ 0.92), hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy (HDCP, RR = 4.7, 95%CI = 1.18 ~ 18.72), and maternal depression in the second trimester (RR = 3.71, 95%CI = 1.31 ~ 12.16). We found that the CRH and HSD11β2 methylation levels were higher in the depression group than those in the non-depression group. Methylation levels of DIO3 were higher in SGA group than that in the non-SGA group. Higher methylation levels of CRH correlated with higher methylation levels of DIO3 in the placenta.

Conclusions
Maternal depression in the second trimester may lead to the changes of methylation levels in the promoter region of CRH and HSD11β2 gene, while the changes of methylation of DIO3 in subsequent could related to SGA. This study suggests that maternal depressed emotion during pregnancy may result in SGA due to the epigenetic changes of placenta.
Diagnostic value of the microcolon using ultrasonography in small bowel atresia
Authors: Ju Hao , Feng Shu , Huang Ying 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Microcolon helps diagnose small bowel atresia (SBA) using contrast enema. However, there are no ultrasonography (US) microcolon criteria for diagnosing SBA. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate colon accuracy and other characteristics for diagnosing SBA by US, using surgical or clinical information as the reference standard.

Methods
US was performed on 46 neonates aged ≤ 7 days old. In the study group (n = 15), neonates with SBA were confirmed following surgery. In the study group without SBA (n = 15), neonates with other gastrointestinal problems besides SBA were confirmed by surgical or clinical follow-up. Sixteen neonates without gastrointestinal problems were classified as the control group. The colonic diameter was measured, and colonic gas was sought and observed. Statistical analysis was performed to compare US parameters between the study group and other two groups. The optimal cut-off value of the colonic diameter for SBA diagnosis was obtained using receiver operating characteristic analysis.

Results
Colonic diameters (0.5 cm) in the study group (interquartile ranges [IQR], 0.5–0.6 cm) was significantly smaller than that in the group without SBA (0.9 cm; IQR, 0.8–1.2 cm) (P <  0.001) and in the control group (1.2 cm; IQR, 0.8–1.35 cm) (P < 0.001). Optimum cut-off value for diagnosing SBA was 0.65 cm (sensitivity, 90.3%; specificity, 86.7%; accuracy, 89.1%) for the colonic diameter. Combining microcolon and gas-negativity showed the best performance in SBA diagnosis using US, with increased accuracy (91.3%).

Conclusion
A colon < 0.65 cm in diameter should be called a microcolon; combining US with gas-negativity is an essential diagnostic basis for SBA.
Patterns of alcohol and alcohol-flavoured non-alcoholic beverage advertisements over Japanese free-to-air television networks
Authors: Kato Mio , Ishikawa Hirono , Kiuchi Takahiro , Akiyama Miki , Kawamura Yoko , Okuhara Tsuyoshi , Ono Naoko , Miyawaki Rina 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Alcohol use is a serious public health challenge worldwide. Japan has no government regulations or legal penalties against advertising alcoholic beverages on television (TV). Instead, advertisements depend on the Japanese alcohol industry’s self-regulation on airtime (no advertisements from 5 am to 6 pm) and the content of alcoholic beverages, which must not tempt minors. However, many adolescents (10 to 19 years old) watch TV from 6 pm to 11 pm. The aim of this study was to describe the pattern in the advertising of alcoholic beverages and alcohol-flavoured non-alcoholic beverages (AFNAB) in Japan during the popular TV viewing time for adolescents.

Methods
A secondary analysis of advertising airtime data from five free-to-air Japanese TV networks in the Greater Tokyo area that aired between 12 August and 3 November 2019, was performed.

Results
During the study period, 5215 advertisements for alcoholic beverages and AFNABs aired (1451.75 min). In total, 2303 advertisements (44.2%) were beer, low-malt beer, or beer-taste beverages, 277 (5.3%) were whisky, 2334 (44.8%) were local alcoholic beverages (shochu and seishu), and 301 (5.8%) were AFNAB. On average, more advertisements aired on weekends (67.6 advertisements) than on weekdays (59.3 advertisements) per day. Approximately 30% of advertisements for AFNABs were aired during the time restricted for alcohol advertising, although AFNABs are considered alcohol according to industry guidelines. During the popular television viewing time for young adolescents, about two to three times more advertisements were aired per hour than during the rest of the day, on both weekdays and weekends (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The number of alcohol advertisements aired at times when adolescents often watch TV is 2 to 3.2 times higher than that at other times of the day. Furthermore, despite the industry’s self-imposed regulations, some alcoholic beverages are still advertised. Therefore, other methods to protect children and adolescents from exposure to advertisements for alcoholic beverages should be investigated and implemented.
The associations between body composition and vital capacity index of medical students in Shenyang of China: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Zhang Han , Sun Lu , Yu Ye , Xin Hong , Wu Li , Yang Fengmei , Liu Jie , Zhang Zhuo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to examine the associations between body composition and vital capacity index (VCI) among medical students of Shenyang, China.

Study design
The design of this study is a cross-sectional study.

Methods
Participants were 2063 individuals (17–25 years) from a medical college in Shenyang, who participated in this survey from April to May 2017. Height, weight, fat mass (FM), fat free mass (FFM), protein mass (PM), total body water (TBW), mineral mass (MM), vital capacity were measured, then BMI and VCI were calculated. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the effect of body composition on VCI of participants in different genders. In addition, subgroup analysis was carried out according to BMI levels.

Results
Male students showed significantly higher height, weight, BMI, FFM, PM, TBW, MM, VC, and VCI, but lower FM in comparison with female students. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that in both sexes FM was negatively correlated with VCI which represents pulmonary function (r < 0; P < 0.001). After dividing the whole participants by BMI, further correlation analysis showed FM was positively correlated with VCI only for male subgroups with BMI < 18.5 (r > 0; P = 0.050).

Conclusion
Overall, FM is highly negatively correlated with the VCI of Chinese medical students of both genders. However, there was a positive correlation between FM and VCI among low-weight male students.
Association between hyperglycemia on admission and preoperative deep venous thrombosis in patients with femoral neck fractures
Authors: Yao Wei , Tang Wanyun , Wang Wei , Lv Qiaomei , Ding Wenbo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Elevated blood glucose is the most frequent electrolyte disturbance in acutely ill patients. This study aimed to determine whether admission hyperglycemia is associated with the incidence of preoperative deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in patients with femoral neck fractures.

Methods
This retrospective study was conducted on consecutive patients with femoral neck fractures admitted to our institution from March 2018 to March 2022. Blood glucose levels were measured within 24 h of admission and categorized into quartiles (Q1 = 5.30; Q2 = 5.70; Q3 = 6.60). Patients were divided into four groups (Group1-4) based on the quartiles. Preoperative DVT was diagnosed using venous compression ultrasonography. Multivariable logistic regression models and propensity score matching analysis evaluated the association between blood glucose and preoperative DVT in patients.

Results
Of 217 patients included in this study, 21(9.7%) had preoperative DVT in hospital, and admission hyperglycemia was observed in 83 (38.2%). Preoperative DVT was higher in patients with hyperglycemia (n = 15) than patients without hyperglycemia (n = 6) in the multivariable logistic regression models (OR 3.03, 95% CI 0.77–11.87). Propensity scores matching analyses manifested that compared with patients with group 2 (5.30 – 5.70 mmol/L) of glucose levels, the odds of preoperative DVT were slightly higher (OR 1.94, 95% CI 0.31–12.12) in patients with group 3 (5.70 – 6.60 mmol/L), substantially higher (OR 6.89, 95% CI 1.42–33.44, P trend < 0.01) in patients with the group 4 (> 6.60 mmol/L) of glucose levels.

Conclusions
In patients hospitalized for femoral neck fracture, markedly elevated blood glucose is associated with increased preoperative DVT in patients. The development of this biomarker could help in guiding patient counseling, risk assessment, and future management decisions.
An expansion to the Nägerl’s theory of proportionality in reduced alveolar bone height models: a 3D finite element analysis
Authors: Geramy Allahyar , Geramy Amir Reza , Fazli Behzad 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Orthodontic tooth movement is a basic theme in an orthodontic treatment. According to Nägerl, A nearer force application to the center of resistance will bring a farther center of rotation to the center of resistance. The main goal of this study was to evaluate this theory of proportionality by Finite element method (FEM) and find out its applicability in a bone loss situation.

Materials and methods
Three 3D FEM of an upper central incisor were designed in Solidworks 2016, the first one with a healthy bone height (model 1), with 3 mm of bone loss (model 2) and with 4.5 mm of bone loss (model 3). An 0.5 N force was applied in different predefined locations on the labial surface of the crown in model 2. This was 0.2 N for the model 3. The exact location of the center of resistance (Cres), center of rotation (Crot) for each force application point was calculated using a C++ code specially design for this study in all models.

Results
An apical shift of the Cres positions were shown in gradual steps of bone loss from 7.9708 mm incisal from the apex to 6.6292 mm in model 2 and 5.6105 mm in model 3. Modification of the location of the Crot in different force magnitudes and points of force applications were shown whit a constant a*b.

Conclusion
In healthy teeth and teeth with alveolar bone loss, Cres located in the apical third of the root. The product of the distance between the point of force application and Cres (“a”) and the Cres and Crot (“b”) is constant, thus; Nägerl theory is applicable in both healthy and reduced bone height. In this way, applying a single force nearer to the cervical point will result in a more apical location of the Crot, reducing the angle change in the long axis of the tooth.
Gender differences in the intention to withhold life-sustaining treatments involving severe dementia for self and on behalf of parent or spouse
Authors: Chen Duan-Rung , Jerng Jih-Shuin , Tsai Daniel Fu-Chang , Young Yuchi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Few studies have explored gender differences in the attitudes toward advanced care planning and the intention to withhold life-sustaining treatments (LSTs) involving severe dementia in Asian countries. We examined gender differences in the attitude toward the Patient Autonomy Act (PAA) in Taiwan and how the gender differences in these attitudes affect the intention to withhold LSTs for severe dementia. We also investigated self–other differences in the intention to withhold LSTs between genders.

Methods
Between March and October 2019, a structured questionnaire was distributed to hospitalized patients’ family members through face-to-face contact in an academic medical center. Exploratory factor analysis and independent and paired-sample t-tests were used to describe gender differences. Mediation analyses controlled for age, marital status, and education level were conducted to examine whether the attitude toward the PAA mediates the gender effect on the intention to withhold LSTs for severe dementia.

Results
Eighty respondents filled out the questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis of the attitude toward the PAA revealed three key domains: regarding the PAA as (1) promoting a sense of abandonment, (2) supporting patient autonomy, and (3) contributing to the collective good. Relative to the men, the women had lower average scores for promoting a sense of abandonment (7.48 vs. 8.94, p = 0.030), higher scores for supporting patient autonomy (8.74 vs. 7.94, p = 0.006), and higher scores for contributing to the collective good (8.64 vs. 7.47, p = 0.001). Compared with the women, the men were less likely to withhold LSTs for severe dementia (15.84 vs. 18.88, p = 0.01). Mediation analysis revealed that the attitude toward the PAA fully mediated the gender differences in the intention to withhold LSTs for severe dementia. Both men and women were more likely to withhold LSTs for themselves than for their parents. Compared with the women, the men were more likely to withhold resuscitation for themselves than for their parents (p = 0.05). Women were more likely to agree to enteral tube feeding and a tracheotomy for their husbands than for themselves; men made consistent decisions for themselves and their wives in those LST scenarios.

Conclusion
Gender influences the attitude toward advanced care planning and consequently affects the intention to withhold LSTs, indicating that there may be a difference in how men and women perceive EOL decision-making for severe dementia in Taiwan. Further studies are warranted.