bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Development of Conductive Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering: Review and Perspective
Authors: Gao Chen , Song Shaoshuai , Lv Yinjuan , Huang Jie , Zhang Zhijun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn recent years, tissue engineering techniques have been rapidly developed and offer a new therapeutic approach to organ or tissue damage repair. However, most of tissue engineering scaffolds are nonconductive and cannot establish effective electrical coupling with tissue for the electroactive tissues. Electroconductive hydrogels (ECHs) have received increasing attention in tissue engineering owing to their electroconductivity, biocompatibility, and high water content. In vitro, ECHs can not only promote the communication of electrical signals between cells, but also mediate the adhesion, proliferation, migration, and differentiation of different kinds of cells. In vivo, ECHs can transmit the electric signal to electroactive tissues and activate bioelectrical signaling pathways to promote tissue repair. As a result, implanting ECHs into damaged tissues can effectively reconstruct physiological functions related to electrical conduction. In this review, an overview about the classifications and the fabrication methods of ECHs is first presented. And then, the applications of ECHs in tissue engineering, including cardiac, nerve, skin, and skeletal muscle tissue, are highlighted. At last, some rational guidelines for designing ECHs toward clinical applications are provided.
Assessing Northeast Florida Offshore Blue Crab Fishing Effort within Florida’s State Waters
Authors: Ehnert-Russo Samantha L. , Crowley Claire E. , Becker Katharine L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
During the winter months, commercial fishery effort targeting blue crabs Callinectes sapidus increases in the offshore Atlantic waters of northeast Florida as crabbers follow the seasonal migration of female blue crabs. The present study sought to describe offshore commercial fisher behavior through a mail survey (2020) and to characterize fishing effort using landings data (from 2009–2010 to 2019–2020) and an aerial survey from January to March (2021). Offshore fisher effort (i.e., number of participants and landings) varied each winter, and the effort was greatest in the winters of 2011–2012 and 2018–2019. The number of participants that reported offshore landings ranged from 6 to 11. Offshore landings accounted for 2.6% of the total landings in northeast Florida and were correlated with a decrease in inshore landings. The mail and aerial surveys determined that crab traps were concentrated off two sections of the coast within 1.61 km (1 mi) of shore: (1) from Vilano Beach to south of Ponte Vedra Beach and (2) between Neptune Beach and Atlantic Beach. Participants in the mail survey reported fishing a median of 150 traps (range = 50–400 traps), while aerial counts estimated an average  ± SD of 59.5 ± 5.4 traps/crabber. Average trap counts from the aerial survey during the winter of 2020–2021 suggested that 9.33 km (5.8 mi) of vertical line were used within the survey area. This study successfully characterized the northeast Florida offshore blue crab fishery as a small but valuable fishery for a few crabbers, with effort driven by seasonal demand and crab availability.
Early time‐restricted eating compared with daily caloric restriction: A randomized trial in adults with obesity
Authors: Thomas Elizabeth A. , Zaman Adnin , Sloggett Kelsey J. , Steinke Sheila , Grau Laura , Catenacci Victoria A. , Cornier Marc‐Andre , Rynders Corey A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis trial aimed to evaluate the acceptability and efficacy of early time‐restricted eating plus daily caloric restriction (E‐TRE+DCR) compared with DCR alone within a behavioral weight‐loss intervention.MethodsParticipants (n = 81, 69 women, mean [SD] age: 38.0 [7.8] years, BMI: 34.1 [5.7] kg/m2) were randomized to E‐TRE (10‐hour eating window starting within 3 hours of waking) plus DCR or DCR alone (~35% DCR) for 39 weeks. The primary outcome was body weight (measured with digital scale) at week 12. Secondary outcomes measured at week 12 included hemoglobin A1c, lipids, energy intake (photographic food records), physical activity (accelerometry), dietary adherence (questionnaires), and body composition (dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry). Weight and body composition were also assessed at week 39.ResultsMean [SD] weight loss was not different between groups at week 12 (E‐TRE+DCR: −6.2 [4.1] kg vs. DCR: −5.1 [3.2] kg) or at week 39 (E‐TRE: −4.9 [5.3] kg vs. DCR: −4.3 [5.3] kg). There were no between‐group differences in changes in body composition, dietary adherence, energy intake, physical activity, hemoglobin A1c, or lipids at week 12.ConclusionsE‐TRE+DCR was found to be an acceptable dietary strategy, resulting in similar levels of adherence and weight loss compared with DCR alone.
A novel multi‐functional model thermoset and PDA‐coated PU nanocomposite based on graphene and an amphiphilic block copolymer
Authors: Behrouz Toktam , Behrooz Shabnam , Sarkhosh Hadi , Nourany Mohammad 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe need for multi‐functional biomaterials has driven researchers towards more complex multi‐component structures with tailor‐made surface modifications. In this research, thermoset polyurethanes (tPUs) of PCLy‐PEGx‐PCLy, with variable block lengths, and graphene were developed and further surface‐modified by Polydopamine (PDA) to improve cell adhesion. The viscoelastic and thermal properties of the tPUs were studied by DMA and DSC. The results proved the increased crystallization of the soft segments as the length of PCLy and PEGx blocks increased. The stress–strain results indicate the tPU nanocomposites possess high‐elastic modulus (38.46–96.17 MPa), and lower elongation (132.6%–375.9%) compared to thermoplastic PU nanocomposites. The tPU specimens proved to have very high shape recovery ratios (88.07%–94.93%). PDA surface deposition led to an increase in surface roughness and a change in surface topography. The PDA‐modified specimens showed significant improvement in protein adsorption and cell proliferation and also increased the hydrolytic degradation extent of the tPUs, proving the multi‐functional role of the biomaterials.
Wonders & Worries: A randomized clinical trial of a psychosocial intervention for children who have a parent with cancer
Authors: Phillips Farya , Prezio Elizabeth A. , Currin‐McCulloch Jennifer , Jones Barbara L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of Wonders & Worries, a psychosocial intervention for children who have a parent with cancer. Primary goals were to improve family quality of life, functioning and communication skills as reported by parent and child, enhance children's emotional/behavioral adjustment and parenting efficacy, while decreasing parenting concerns and ill parents' depression and anxiety.MethodsSixty families were recruited from a community based non‐profit agency. Parents diagnosed with Stage I‐III cancer and their children ages 5–14 years were enrolled and randomized into intervention (n = 32) or wait‐list control groups (n = 28). Families received 2 parent consults, six weekly 1‐h individual child sessions, and 1 treatment center tour. The intervention was comprised of an age‐appropriate understanding of cancer and expression of feelings, coping skills to ease feelings related to parent's cancer and enhanced ability to communicate about the disease. Controls received parent consult and access to W & W resources. Data were obtained from standardized measures at baseline; 6 and 10 weeks follow up.ResultsIntervention group significantly improved on parenting concerns, parenting self‐efficacy, and family quality of life. Children in the intervention group had significantly lower emotional and behavioral problems and worries related to cancer compared to controls. The intervention failed to significantly affect ill parent's anxiety, depressed mood, family functioning and child's anxiety.ConclusionsThe Wonders & Worries intervention promoted positive adaptation for ill parents and their children. This intervention is promising enough to warrant further refinement and testing with larger, more diverse samples.
Head‐To‐Head Comparison of Molecular and Continuum Simulations of Shock‐Induced Collapse of an Elongated Pore in an Energetic Molecular Crystal
Authors: Nguyen Yen T. , Perera Dilki , Zhao Puhan , Sewell Tommy , Udaykumar H. S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractShock‐induced collapse of an elongated pore in the energetic crystal β‐HMX (β‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazoctane) is examined using all‐atom molecular dynamics (MD) and continuum mechanics. The continuum simulation employs a recently proposed MD‐guided material model for β‐HMX. Collapse‐induced shear band formation and hotspot‐zone properties are calculated using both MD and continuum mechanics, for nearly identical simulation domains and identical impact conditions. The continuum model predicts shear band patterns and pore collapse behavior in good agreement with MD results; shear localization, plastic heating, and hydrodynamic impact‐generated temperature rise lead to geometrically complicated hotspot zones in the vicinity of the collapse site. This work demonstrates that—for the ≈10 GPa shock pressure studied—isotropic rate‐dependent Johnson‐Cook‐type elastoplastic models for HMX can provide physically consistent pore‐collapse dynamics and hotspot features in comparison to MD, for nontrivial pore shapes. Such physically accurate models are required for reliable predictions of detonation sensitivity and performance for shocked energetic crystals. Opportunities for further model improvement are identified.
Secondary ion mass spectrometry as a tool to study selenium gradient in Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4
Authors: Grini Sigbjørn , Ross Nils , Sky Thomas Neset , Persson Clas , Platzer‐Björkman Charlotte , Vines Lasse 
Published: April 2022

Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) has been utilized to study compositional gradients in compound‐sputtered and annealed Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4(CZTSSe). SIMS image depth profiling shows a non‐uniform spatial distribution of selenium and supports a mechanism where selenization is accompanied by grain growth rather than substitution of selenium for sulfur. Furthermore, SIMS depth profiles of S and Se using O2+primary ions and detecting molecular ions of the MCs+type using Cs+primary ions have been compared, where a linear relationship between the sulfur and selenium concentration suitable for compositional analysis is observed for concentrations with an Se/(S+Se) ratio in the range from 0.25 to 0.65.3D image of the spatial Se distribution in a 20 × 20 μm2grid measured with SIMS image depth profiling.
On new ground: Assessment strategies for critical thinking skills as the learning outcome in a social problems course
Authors: Arce‐Trigatti Andrea , Kelley Jacob , Haynes Ada 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter describes assessment strategies as applied through a course redesign in an undergraduate Social Problems course that features local, national, and international topics. The alignment between the assessment strategies used in this course and the pedagogical improvements implemented is intentionally directed at the development of students’ critical thinking skills. In particular, these assessment strategies infuse and scaffold opportunities for developing critical thinking skills throughout the entire course.
Haploidy and aneuploidy in switchgrass mediated by misexpression of CENH3
Authors: Yoon Sangwoong , Bragg Jennifer , Aucar‐Yamato Sheyla , Chanbusarakum Lisa , Dluge Kurtis , Cheng Prisca , Blumwald Eduardo , Gu Yong , Tobias Christian M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCross bred species such as switchgrass may benefit from advantageous breeding strategies requiring inbred lines. Doubled haploid production methods offer several ways that these lines can be produced that often involve uniparental genome elimination as the rate limiting step. We have used a centromere‐mediated genome elimination strategy in which modified CENH3 is expressed to induce the process. Transgenic tetraploid switchgrass lines coexpressed Cas9, a poly‐cistronic tRNA‐gRNA tandem array containing eight guide RNAs that target two CENH3 genes, and different chimeric versions of CENH3 with alterations to the N‐terminal tail region. Genotyping of CENH3 genes in transgenics identified edits including frameshift mutations and deletions in one or both copies of the two CENH3 genes. Flow cytometry of T1 seedlings identified two T0 lines that produced five haploid individuals representing an induction rate of 0.5% and 1.4%. Eight different T0 lines produced aneuploids at rates ranging from 2.1 to 14.6%. A sample of aneuploid lines were sequenced at low coverage and aligned to the reference genome, revealing missing chromosomes and chromosome arms.
Serious gaming in flood risk management
Authors: Forrest Steven Ashley , Kubíková Martina , Macháč Jan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSerious gaming is increasingly used to explore important real‐world problems and a growing number of serious games are addressing flood‐related issues. However, there has been limited synthesis of these attempts and their contributions to the ongoing shift toward a more holistic and governance‐based flood resilience perspective in flood risk management (FRM). This international review collates and analyses these attempts in order to develop a knowledge base of serious gaming in the field of FRM. It contains 37 games that were developed with different rationales that include engaging players in the topic of FRM, supporting practice by exploring future options through collaboration, improving communication of FRM, as educational tools, and to collect research data. The gameplay countries and player characteristics, game characteristics, relevance to FRM, game rationales, and collection of data are explored in this paper. Identified serious games provided an unconventional and entertaining approach to engage stakeholders on flood‐related issues. The review analyzed the serious games in light of the shift toward flood resilience and identified limitations in the documentation of serious games and their potential in understanding the longer‐term impacts of gameplay on players. Furthermore, the vast majority of reviewed games were played in a single country and missed out on understanding the cultural production and perspectives of FRM that could support cross‐cultural learning and inspiration for future FRM strategies. Overall, the review identified an important role for serious games in the shift toward governance and the adoption of more holistic flood resilience perspectives.This article is categorized under:
Human Water > Water Governance
Human Water > Methods
Science of Water > Water Extremes
Framing water as a financial risk: Reviewing the processes shaping a narrative
Authors: Rudebeck Therese 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWater is increasingly framed as a financial risk in equity markets. This article illustrates that this framing must be understood as a new aspect of the wider history of the financialization of the water sector. Unlike earlier instances, where water‐related services, or water risks are the primary subjects to be financialized, water itself is here being reformed to fit market logic. This article reviews, unpacks, and analyses the factors that have enabled, reframed, and defined water as a financial risk. As such, the article goes beyond simply reviewing what has happened, but also presents a critical analysis of why and how, and the potential effects this may have. Drawing on advanced theoretical perspectives from the social sciences, specifically building on the constitutive nature of language, the role of expertise in the knowledge‐policy interface, and the sociology of quantification, it proposes that the reframing of water into a financial risk is not a value‐free exercise. Critically, it shows that the value of water, at least as it relates to company activities, could be reduced to only embody those aspects which, in quantitative terms can be shown to affect Return on Investment. To alleviate this reductive process, an ambitious multi‐ and interdisciplinary research agenda must be developed moving forward to ensure that the multiple values of water are recognized and accounted for in equity markets and beyond.This article is categorized under:
Human Water > Value of Water
Human Water > Water Governance
Synthesis, Crystal Structures and NMR Characterization of Molecular Silver Tin Chalcogenide Complexes
Authors: Fuhrmann Daniel , Krautscheid Harald 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA series of heteronuclear silver tin chalcogenide complexes has been synthesized by reaction of phosphine coordinated silver acetate and diorganotin acetate with bis(trimethylsilyl)chalcogenide. In addition to the silver complexes with the general formula [(iPr3PAg)2(SnR2)E2]2 (1–6, R=Me, Ph, tBu and E=S, Se), [(iPr3PAg)3(SnPh2)(SnPh)S4] (7) and [(iPr3PAg)(SnPh2)(SnPh)Se2]2 (8) were obtained by exchange of phenyl groups in solution and redox processes, respectively. In addition to single crystal X‐ray structure analyses, NMR spectra involving the nuclei 1H, 31P, 77Se, 117/119Sn and 107/109Ag allowed a structural analysis of these complexes in solution. Each element present in complexes 5–8 consists of at least one isotope with nuclear spin I=1/2. In co‐thermolysis experiments of these complexes together with Zn(SC2H4S) or Zn(SeC2H4Se) as zinc sources binary and ternary chalcogenides as well as elemental silver are found.
Higher Education in Sweden: Unitary and Diversified Under State Authority
Authors: Benner Mats , Grant Jonathan , O’Kane Mary 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter outlines the evolution of universities in Sweden. The chapter shows how Swedish universities have been shaped in the interplay between academic, political and economic forces and taken a specific form as an extension of political ambition, and how that model of university governance has exposed Swedish universities to both opportunities and vulnerabilities that ensue in periods of rapid ruptures. The chapter pays particular attention to the responses that have unfolded to the COVID-19 pandemic but also more generally to how universities in Sweden have balanced the orientation to global templates with that of political expectations.
Instrumente behördlicher Kommunikation zu Anwendungsrisiken von Arzneimitteln
Authors: Bergner Simone , Grüger Thomas , Huber Martin , Lütkehermölle Walburga , Paeschke Norbert , Palissa Harriet , Stephan Kerstin , Cibura Sabine , Keller-Stanislawski Brigitte 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDie aktive Kommunikation von Behörden, wie dem Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte (BfArM) und dem Paul-Ehrlich-Institut (PEI), einschließlich der Kontaktpflege zu Fachkreisen sowie Presse- und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit sind wesentliche Voraussetzung dafür, dass Informationen zu Anwendungsrisiken von Arzneimitteln sowohl betroffene Patientinnen und Patienten als auch Angehörige der Heilberufe schnell und gezielt erreichen. Die verschiedenen Instrumente der gezielten Kommunikation beschreiben mögliche Risiken und enthalten darüber hinaus auch Empfehlungen, die helfen, das Anwendungsrisiko eines Arzneimittels zu reduzieren. Die ergänzende Öffentlichkeitsarbeit zielt darauf ab, die Aufgaben und Ziele der Behörde in der Bevölkerung und in Fachkreisen bekannt zu machen, um Vertrauen in behördliches Handeln zu schaffen und auszubauen. Dafür müssen entsprechende Kommunikationsplattformen etabliert und akzeptiert sein, die sowohl von Fachkreisen als auch von der Bevölkerung genutzt werden können. Die aktuell verfügbaren Instrumente der gezielten Risikokommunikation, wie Rote-Hand-Briefe (RHB), Risikomanagementpläne und Schulungsmaterial, werden in dieser Publikation ebenso beschrieben wie die breiter angelegte Kommunikation auf den behördlichen Webseiten oder gegenüber den Medien. Schließlich wird die Risikokommunikation des PEI unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der COVID-19-Impfstoffe beleuchtet.
Comparative life cycle assessment of safety shoes toe caps manufacturing processes
Authors: Bianchi Iacopo , Forcellese Archimede , Simoncini Michela , Vita Alessio , Castorani Vincenzo , Cafagna Damiana , Buccoliero Giuseppe 
Published: April 2022

AbstractToe caps are fundamental components of safety footwear used to prevent injuries, which can be caused by falling objects. They can be realized by exploiting different materials (metal, composites, and polymers) and manufacturing processes (stamping, injection molding, compression molding, etc.). However, they have always to fulfill the stringent requirements of safety regulations. In addition, in order to guarantee ergonomic use, they must be as light as possible. It was estimated that at least 300 million pairs of safety footwear, with 600 million of toe caps, end up in landfill or are incinerated every year. This huge amount of wastes generates a high environmental impact, mainly attributable to toe caps manufacturing processes. In this context, it is important to develop new solutions aimed at minimizing the environmental impacts of toe caps manufacturing processes. Furthermore, the reuse of carbon fiber prepreg scraps has been recognized as a valid method to produce effective toe caps. In this paper, the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology was exploited to perform a detailed analysis of the environmental impacts associated with toe caps obtained by reclaiming prepreg scraps. The results, in terms of cumulative energy demand, global warming potential, and ReCiPe endpoints, were compared to those obtained by LCA of toe caps in steel, aluminum alloy, polycarbonate, and glass fiber reinforced composite. The analysis demonstrated that toe caps in steel present the lowest environmental footprint but they are the heaviest ones. The reclaim process for carbon fiber prepreg scraps can be a valid alternative to produce sustainable and lightweight toe caps for safety footwear.
Organisation und Durchführung der Schmerztherapie in deutschen Notaufnahmen – eine Onlineumfrage
Authors: Warnecke Tobias , Djuren Oliver , Hinkelbein Jochen , Mohrman Chris , Rosner Bastian 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung
Obwohl Schmerzen der häufigste Grund für eine Vorstellung in der Notaufnahme sind, ist ihre Erfassung und Therapie sehr heterogen organisiert und wird vielfach von Patienten als unzureichend beschrieben. Eine spezielle Leitlinie existiert bislang nicht und so wird beispielsweise die Delegation an die Notfallpflege nach Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) sehr unterschiedlich gehandhabt.

Methode
Mithilfe einer Umfrage erfolgte eine Ist-Analyse zur Organisation und Durchführung der akuten Schmerztherapie in deutschen Notaufnahmen. 18 Fragen wurden onlinebasiert erstellt und über das Notaufnahmeverzeichnis der DGINA e. V. (Deutsche Gesellschaft für interdisziplinäre Notfall- und Akutmedizin) und DIVI e. V. (Deutsche Interdisziplinäre Vereinigung für Intensiv- und Notfallmedizin) an die Leiter von 951 deutschen Notaufnahmen verschickt.

Ergebnis
Es konnten 166 vollständige Fragebögen ausgewertet werden. Die Erfassung der Schmerzen erfolgt bei 77,7 % der Notaufnahmen innerhalb der ersten 10 min nach Erstkontakt, meist mit der numerischen Rating-Skala (46,4 %). Obwohl 17,7 % nicht dauerhaft ärztlich besetzt sind, dürfen in insgesamt 32,5 % der Notaufnahmen Pflegekräfte keine eigenständige Schmerztherapie durchführen. Eine spezielle SOP gab es nur in 44,8 % der befragten Notaufnahmen. Die am häufigsten verwendeten Analgetika sind Piritramid und Morphin sowie Metamizol und Ibuprofen.

Schlussfolgerung
Eine entsprechende nationale Leitlinie könnte Handlungssicherheit geben und als Grundlage für angepasste, örtliche SOP helfen, Verzögerungen bei der akuten Schmerztherapie zu vermeiden.