bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Business as Usual in Unusual Times
Authors: Krane Vibeke , Ausland Liv Hanson , Andvig Ellen , Klevan Trude 
Published: January 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected the daily lives and well-being of children and families. During the lockdown of Norway in spring 2020, many families were socially isolated and left with little support from their networks. Children and young people had limited contact with teachers, peers and other positive social contacts. The lockdown also affected the daily running of the Norwegian child welfare services (CWS), which are obliged to provide help and support to children at risk and their families.
Aim: The aim of this study was to explore how leaders and staff in the CWS balanced their two-part mandate to protect children from harm, and to provide support and care during the first lockdown in Norway.
Design and method: The study has a qualitative approach with a descriptive and explorative design. Thirty-six CWS workers and nine leaders participated. Focus groups, dyadic and individual qualitative interviews were used for data collection. The data were analysed with a thematic analysis.
Findings: 1) ‘Running the services during a pandemic’ deals with the practical organization of staff and child welfare cases, and 2) ‘The quality of child welfare work during lockdown’ describes qualitative aspects of the child welfare work.
Conclusions: The study revealed the prioritization of acute cases and a reduction in CWS contact with children and families. CWS staff worried about whether at-risk children were receiving the help they were entitled to. The study shows how the crisis led to innovative approaches and teleworking solutions. The CWS had to decide how to organize and run the services in a way that ensured both acute assessments and the long-term aspects of the CWS mandate. Considering the strain the long-term pandemic has placed on children at risk, the further organization and running of the CWS is of great importance.
Initial experience with magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound stereotactic surgery for central brain lesions in young adults
Authors: Tierney Travis S. , Alavian Kambiz N. , Altman Nolan , Bhatia Sanjiv , Duchowny Michael , Hyslop Ann , Jayakar Prasanna , Resnick Trevor , Wang Shelly , Miller Ian , Ragheb John 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE
Magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is an incisionless procedure capable of thermoablation through the focus of multiple acoustic beams. Although MRgFUS is currently approved for the treatment of tremor in adults, its safety and feasibility profile for intracranial lesions in the pediatric and young adult population remains unknown.

METHODS
The long-term outcomes of a prospective single-center, single-arm trial of MRgFUS at Nicklaus Children’s Hospital in Miami, Florida, are presented. Patients 15–22 years of age with centrally located lesions were recruited, clinically consistent with WHO grade I tumors that require surgical intervention. This cohort consisted of 4 patients with hypothalamic hamartoma (HH), and 1 patient with tuberous sclerosis complex harboring a subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA).

RESULTS
In each case, high-intensity FUS was used to target the intracranial lesion. Real-time MRI was used to monitor the thermoablations. Primary outcomes of interest were tolerability, feasibility, and safety of FUS. The radiographic ablation volume on intra- and postoperative MRI was also assessed. All 5 patients tolerated the procedure without any complications. Successful thermoablation was achieved in 4 of the 5 cases; the calcified SEGA was undertreated due to intratumor calcification, which prevented attainment of the target ablation temperature. The HHs underwent target tissue thermoablations that led to MR signal changes at the treatment site. For the patients harboring HHs, FUS thermoablations occurred without procedure-related complications and led to improvement in seizure control or hypothalamic hyperphagia. All 5 patients were discharged home on postoperative day 1 or 2, without any readmissions. There were no cases of hemorrhage, electrolyte derangement, endocrinopathy, or new neurological deficit in this cohort.

CONCLUSIONS
This experience demonstrates that FUS thermoablation of centrally located brain lesions in adolescents and young adults can be performed safely and that it provides therapeutic benefit for associated symptoms.
Comparative Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy of Alternate Schedule (AS) of Sunitinib in Asian and Non-Asian Patient Population for the Treatment of Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer (mRCC): A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Joshi Amit , Patel Ishan , Kapse Pratiksha , Singh Manmohan 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: Treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) using traditional schedule (TS, 4/2) of Sunitinib is associated with higher adverse effects compared to the alternate schedule (AS, 2/1 upfront or when switched from TS). OBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis aims to compare the safety, efficacy, and percentage of patients requiring dose reduction or dose interruption between Asian (AP) and non-Asian population (NAP) receiving AS of sunitinib. METHODS: Electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library) were searched to identify studies published in the English language between May 2009- May 2019, which included patients (>18 years) with mRCC receiving AS of sunitinib. Data were analyzed using the random effect model and t-test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Of 1922, 16 studies were included (8 AP, 8 NAP). Among all grade AEs, mucositis (RR:0.22; 95% CI:0.12–0.40), cardiotoxicity (RR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.31–0.88), nausea (RR:0.21; 95% CI: 0.10–0.44), hand-foot syndrome (RR:0.33; 95% CI:0.13–0.83), rash (RR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.34–0.79), and aspartate transaminase (RR:0.57; 95% CI:0.33–0.98) were more common in AP. Leukopenia (RR:2.57; 95% CI:1.47–4.49), proteinemia (RR:4.45; 95% CI:2.12–9.33), and stomatitis (RR:4.33; 95% CI:2.6–7.23) occurred more commonly in NAP. Further, PFS was significantly longer in NAP, while longer OS was observed in AP ( p < 0.001). Dose reduction was significantly higher in AP than NAP (52.08% vs. 40.6%, p = 0.0088). CONCLUSION: Safety profile of AS of sunitinib was similar with variations in the efficacy, dose reduction between AP and NAP. Sunitinib dose or schedule modification may mitigate AEs and enhance efficacy outcomes in mRCC by extending the treatment duration.
Zakat dan Keadilan Sosial
Authors: Sulaiman Rusydi 
Published: January 2022

Sudah maklum bahwa zakat dalam Islam adalah salah satu sumber ekonomi umat yang dikelola secara rutin dalam rangka menutupi kebutuhan hidup kelompok tertentu, khususnya al-Ashnaaf al-Tsamaniyah Agar lebih berdaya dari sebelumnya. Tak seorangpun yang menolak pemberlakuan ketetapan hukum syar’i zakat tersebut. Pemerintah Indonesia dari waktu ke waktu memberi sinyal positif terhadap perkembangannya. Dukungan tersebut dibuktikan dengan belakangan ini dikabulkannya gugatan uji materi UU Nomor 23/2011 tentang Pengelolaan Zakat oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi. Hanya tiga pasal yang diubah, yaitu pasal 18, pasal 38 dan pasal 41.
İlkokul Öğrencilerinin Sözel Problem Çözerken Kullandıkları Görsel ve Görsel Olmayan Temsillerin İncelenmesi
Authors: Çilingir Altıner Emel , Önal Halil 
Published: January 2022

Araştırmanın amacı, öğrencilerin problem çözerken kullandığı görsel ve görsel olmayan temsilleri belirlemek ve bu temsiller arasındaki varsayılan farklılıkların sözel problem çözme performansını yordayıp yordamadığını incelemektir. Araştırmada iç içe karma desen kullanılmıştır. Tematik ve ilişkisel desen kullanılmıştır. Türkiye’nin Ankara ve Adana illerinde bulunan ilkokullarındaki 4. sınıf öğrencilerinden veriler toplanmıştır. Matematiksel İşlem Testi’ne verilen doğru ve yanlış cevaplar ve bu teste verilen çözümler incelenerek tercih edilen temsil türleri belirlenmiştir. Analizler sonuncunda testteki her bir problemin çözümünde sembolik temsil türü tercih edilmesine rağmen şematik temsil ile çözülmüş soruların doğru cevaplanma oranlarının daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Bunun yanında araştırmadaki temsil türlerinden sadece şematik temsili tercih etmenin problem çözme performansını yordadığı belirlenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda ilkokul öğretmenlerinin sınıflarında matematiksel problem çözerken görsel temsilleri de çözüm yollarına dâhil etmeleri konusunda öğretmenlere eğitim verilebilir.
Maximizing Photosynthesis-Driven Baeyer–Villiger Oxidation Efficiency in Recombinant Synechocystis sp. PCC6803
Authors: Tüllinghoff Adrian , Uhl Magdalena B. , Nintzel Friederike E. H. , Schmid Andreas , Bühler Bruno , Toepel Jörg 
Published: January 2022

Photosynthesis-driven whole-cell biocatalysis has great potential to contribute to a sustainable bio-economy since phototrophic cells use light as the only energy source. It has yet to be shown that phototrophic microorganisms, such as cyanobacteria, can combine the supply of high heterologous enzyme levels with allocation of sufficient reduction equivalents to enable efficient light-driven redox biocatalysis. Here, we demonstrated that the heterologous expression of an NADPH-dependent Baeyer–Villiger monooxygenase (BVMO) gene from Acidovorax sp. CHX100 turns Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 into an efficient oxyfunctionalization biocatalyst, deriving electrons and O2 from photosynthetic water oxidation. Several expression systems were systematically tested, and a PnrsB-(Ni2+)–controlled expression based on a replicative plasmid yielded the highest intracellular enzyme concentration and activities of up to 60.9 ± 1.0 U gCDW−1. Detailed analysis of reaction parameters, side reactions, and biocatalyst durability revealed—on the one hand—a high in vivo BVMO activity in the range of 6 ± 2 U mgBVMO−1 and—on the other hand—an impairment of biocatalyst performance by product toxicity and by-product inhibition. Scale-up of the reaction to 2-L fed-batch photo-bioreactors resulted in the stabilization of the bioconversion over several hours with a maximal specific activity of 30.0 ± 0.3 U g CDW−1, a maximal volumetric productivity of 0.21 ± 0.1 gL−1 h−1, and the formation of 1.3 ± 0.1 gL−1 of ε-caprolactone. Process simulations based on determined kinetic data revealed that photosynthesis-driven cyclohexanone oxidation on a 2-L scale under high-light conditions was kinetically controlled and not subject to a limitation by photosynthesis.
D-Dimer Is a Predictive Factor of Cancer Therapeutics-Related Cardiac Dysfunction in Patients Treated With Cardiotoxic Chemotherapy
Authors: Oikawa Masayoshi , Yaegashi Daiki , Yokokawa Tetsuro , Misaka Tomofumi , Sato Takamasa , Kaneshiro Takashi , Kobayashi Atsushi , Yoshihisa Akiomi , Nakazato Kazuhiko , Ishida Takafumi , Takeishi Yasuchika 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundD-dimer is a sensitive biomarker for cancer-associated thrombosis, but little is known about its significance on cancer therapeutics-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD).MethodsConsecutive 169 patients planned for cardiotoxic chemotherapy were enrolled and followed up for 12 months. All patients underwent echocardiography and blood test at baseline and at 3-, 6-, and 12 months.ResultsThe patients were divided into two groups based on the level of D-dimer (&gt;1.65 μg/ml or ≦ 1.65 μg/ml) at baseline before chemotherapy: high D-dimer group (n = 37) and low D-dimer group (n = 132). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) decreased at 3- and 6 months after chemotherapy in high D-dimer group [baseline, 65.2% (62.8–71.4%); 3 months, 62.9% (59.0–67.7%); 6 months, 63.1% (60.0–67.1%); 12 months, 63.3% (58.8–66.0%), p = 0.03], but no change was observed in low D-dimer group. The occurrence of CTRCD within the 12-month follow-up period was higher in the high D-dimer group than in the low D-dimer group (16.2 vs. 4.5%, p = 0.0146). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that high D-dimer level at baseline was an independent predictor of the development of CTRCD [odds ratio 3.93, 95% CI (1.00–15.82), p = 0.047].ConclusionWe should pay more attention to elevated D-dimer levels not only as a sign of cancer-associated thrombosis but also the future occurrence of CTRCD.
South African Higher Education Institutions at the Beginning of the Covid-19 Pandemic: Sense-Making and Lessons Learnt
Authors: du Plessis Marieta , Jansen van Vuuren Carel D. , Simons Abigail , Frantz José , Roman Nicolette , Andipatin Michelle 
Published: January 2022

After the unprecedented changes experienced in higher education due to the Covid-19 pandemic, there is a need to integrate initial thoughts and reflective experience to decide on the way forward. This study aimed to reflect on, and make sense of the events related to South African higher education institutions HEIs at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic by using the Cynefin framework. Data from a rapid review of online media at the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic and a collaborative autoethnography session 1 year since lockdowns were implemented are used to present perspectives for the sense-making process. This offers insights to both ends of the spectrum as it highlights the evolution of processes taking place at multiple levels from government policies to institutional practices, as well as how this impacted on both staff and students. The Cynefin framework demonstrated sense-making efforts in the disordered, to the chaotic, to the complex, then to the complicated and eventually to the simple domain. Each domain ushered in its peculiarities and highlighted the issues ranging from vulnerabilities experienced in the higher education sector, to trying to reconfigure the academic year, to dealing with wicked problems, to eventually relying on expert assistance to navigate the virtual university space. Trying to establish causality in the simple domain proved challenging as the information available during the time was sparse. Despite these challenges, the lessons learnt include the importance of the sense-making process among all academic staff, the significance of collaboration and team efforts and the need to adapt leadership and self-leadership approaches to the changed ways of working in higher education institutions.
Evaluation of Autofluorescence in Identifying Parathyroid Glands by Measuring Parathyroid Hormone in Fine-Needle Biopsy Washings
Authors: Liu Zhen , Ma Run-sheng , Jia Jun-li , Wang Tao , Zuo Dao-hong , Yin De-tao 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundNear-infrared autofluorescence imaging has potentially great value for assisting endocrine surgeons in identifying parathyroid glands and may dramatically change the surgical strategy of endocrine surgeons in thyroid surgery. This study is designed to objectively evaluate the role of near-infrared autofluorescence imaging in identifying parathyroid glands during thyroid surgery by measuring intraoperative parathyroid hormone in fine-needle aspiration biopsy washings.MethodsThis study was conducted at a tertiary referral teaching hospital in China from February 2020 to June 2020. Patients undergoing total thyroidectomy with or without neck lymph node dissection were consecutively included. The surgeon used near-infrared autofluorescence imaging to identify parathyroid glands during thyroid surgery and confirmed suspicious parathyroid tissues by measuring their intraoperative parathyroid hormone. Nanocarbon was injected into the thyroid gland if the thyroid autofluorescence intensity was too strong. The sensitivity and accuracy of near-infrared autofluorescence imaging and vision for identifying parathyroid glands, and the difference in autofluorescence intensity in various tissues were the main outcomes.ResultsOverall, 238 patients completed the trial. Based on the pathological and aIOPTH results, the sensitivity of near-infrared autofluorescence imaging for detecting parathyroid glands (568 of 596 parathyroid glands; 95.30%)was significantly higher than that of vision (517 of 596 parathyroid glands; 86.74%, P&lt;.001). The accuracy of near-infrared autofluorescence imaging (764 of 841 tissues; 90.84%) was significantly higher than that of vision (567 of 841 tissues; 67.42%, P&lt;.001) when the evaluations of certain tissues were inconsistent. There was a significant difference between the autofluorescence intensity of the parathyroid glands and that of the lymph nodes (74.19 ± 17.82 vs 33.97 ± 10.64, P&lt;.001).ConclusionThe use of near-infrared autofluorescence imaging, along with intraoperative parathyroid hormone and nanocarbon for the identification of parathyroid glands in thyroid surgery may increase the number of confirmed parathyroid glands. Using near-infrared autofluorescence imaging can effectively distinguish lymph nodes and parathyroid glands during lymph node dissection.
Silica Induction of Diverse Inflammatory Proteome in Lungs of Lupus-Prone Mice Quelled by Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation
Authors: Rajasinghe Lichchavi D. , Bates Melissa A. , Benninghoff Abby D. , Wierenga Kathryn A. , Harkema Jack R. , Pestka James J. 
Published: January 2022

Repeated short-term intranasal instillation of lupus-prone mice with crystalline silica (cSiO2) induces inflammatory gene expression and ectopic lymphoid neogenesis in the lung, leading to early onset of systemic autoimmunity and rapid progression to glomerulonephritis. These responses are suppressed by dietary supplementation with the ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Here, we tested the hypothesis that dietary DHA supplementation suppresses cSiO2-induced inflammatory proteins in bronchoalveolar alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and plasma of lupus-prone mice. Archived tissue fluid samples were used from a prior investigation in which 6 wk-old lupus-prone female NZBWF1 mice were fed isocaloric diets containing 0 or 10 g/kg DHA for 2 wks and then intranasally instilled with 1 mg cSiO2or vehicle once weekly for 4 wks. Cohorts were terminated at 1, 5, 9 or 13 wk post-instillation (PI). BALF and plasma from each cohort were analyzed by high density multiplex array profiling of 200 inflammatory proteins. cSiO2time-dependently induced increases in the BALF protein signatures that were highly reflective of unresolved lung inflammation, although responses in the plasma were much less robust. Induced proteins in BALF included chemokines (e.g., MIP-2, MCP-5), enzymes (e.g., MMP-10, granzyme B), adhesion molecules (e.g., sE-selectin, sVCAM-1), co-stimulatory molecules (e.g., sCD40L, sCD48), TNF superfamily proteins (e.g., sTNFRI, sBAFF-R), growth factors (e.g., IGF-1, IGFBP-3), and signal transduction proteins (e.g., MFG-E8, FcgRIIB), many of which were blocked or delayed by DHA supplementation. The BALF inflammatory proteome correlated positively with prior measurements of gene expression, pulmonary ectopic lymphoid tissue neogenesis, and induction of autoantibodies in the lungs of the control and treatment groups. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) revealed that IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 were among the top upstream regulators of the cSiO2-induced protein response. Furthermore, DHA’s effects were associated with downregulation of cSiO2-induced pathways involving i) inhibition of ARE‐mediated mRNA decay, ii) bacterial and viral pattern recognition receptor activation, or iii) TREM1, STAT3, NF-κB, and VEGF signaling and with upregulation of PPAR, LXR/RXR and PPARα/RXRα signaling. Altogether, these preclinical findings further support the contention that dietary DHA supplementation could be applicable as an intervention against inflammation-driven autoimmune triggering by cSiO2or potentially other environmental agents.
Subtyping of Human Papillomavirus-Positive Cervical Cancers Based on the Expression Profiles of 50 Genes
Authors: Zhu Xiaojun , Li Shengwei , Luo Jiangti , Ying Xia , Li Zhi , Wang Yuanhe , Zhang Mengmeng , Zhang Tianfang , Jiang Peiyue , Wang Xiaosheng 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus-positive (HPV+) cervical cancers are highly heterogeneous in molecular and clinical features. However, the molecular classification of HPV+ cervical cancers remains insufficiently unexplored.MethodsBased on the expression profiles of 50 genes having the largest expression variations across the HPV+ cervical cancers in the TCGA-CESC dataset, we hierarchically clustered HPV+ cervical cancers to identify new subtypes. We further characterized molecular, phenotypic, and clinical features of these subtypes.ResultsWe identified two subtypes of HPV+ cervical cancers, namely HPV+G1 and HPV+G2. We demonstrated that this classification method was reproducible in two validation sets. Compared to HPV+G2, HPV+G1 displayed significantly higher immune infiltration level and stromal content, lower tumor purity, lower stemness scores and intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) scores, higher level of genomic instability, lower DNA methylation level, as well as better disease-free survival prognosis. The multivariate survival analysis suggests that the disease-free survival difference between both subtypes is independent of confounding variables, such as immune signature, stemness, and ITH. Pathway and gene ontology analysis confirmed the more active tumor immune microenvironment in HPV+G1 versus HPV+G2.ConclusionsHPV+ cervical cancers can be classified into two subtypes based on the expression profiles of the 50 genes with the largest expression variations across the HPV+ cervical cancers. Both subtypes have significantly different molecular, phenotypic, and clinical features. This new subtyping method captures the comprehensive heterogeneity in molecular and clinical characteristics of HPV+ cervical cancers and provides potential clinical implications for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
Clinical and Inflammatory Characteristics of the Chinese APAC Cough Variant Asthma Cohort
Authors: Lai Kefang , Zhan Wenzhi , Wu Feng , Zhang Yunhui , Lin Lin , Li Wen , Yi Fang , Jiang Ziyu , Dai Yuanrong , Li Suyun , Lin Jiangtao , Yuan Yadong , Jiang Yong , Qiu Chen , Zhao Limin , Chen Meihua , Qiu Zhongmin , Li Hu , Chen Ruchong , Luo Wei , Xie Jiaxing , Guo Chunxing , Jiang Mei , Yang Xiaohong , Shi Guochao , Sun Dejun , Chen Rongchang , Chung Kian Fan , Shen Huahao , Zhong Nanshan 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundThe AtyPical Asthma in China (APAC) cohort is a multi-center prospective, observational cohort set-up to investigate the clinical, pathophysiological features, prognosis, and mechanisms of cough variant asthma (CVA).ObjectivesTo present the characteristics of newly physician-diagnosed adults with CVA (n = 328) compared to mild-moderate classic asthma (CA, n = 206).Methods and Main ResultsCVA subjects showed a higher proportion of female (67.1 vs. 55.3%, P = 0.0084), abnormal laryngopharyngeal sensations (71 vs. 51%, p &lt; 0.0001) than CA, but presented with near normal spirometry and higher methacholine PD20-FEV1 values [4.2 (1, 8.6) vs. 0.8 (0.4, 4.7), P &lt; 0.0001]. Lower fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) levels [38.5 (19.8, 72.5) vs. 53. (28.5, 92.2), P = 0.0019], blood eosinophil counts [0.2 (0.1, 0.4) vs. 0.3 (0.2, 0.5), P = 0.0014], and sputum eosinophils [2.3 (0.3, 8.0) vs. 12.2 (2, 34.5), p &lt; 0.0001] were found in CVA. Despite lower total serum IgE levels in CVA, there was similar proportion of atopy in both groups. The prevalence of cough in CA was 86.4%, while CVA reported more severe cough on Visual Analog Scale, Cough Evaluation Test, and Leicester Cough Questionnaire, similar anxiety and depression scores but better asthma control scores as reflected by Asthma Control Test compared to CA. No correlation was found between cough assessment outcomes and sputum eosinophil count, blood eosinophil count, FENO, spirometry variables, or PD20-FEV1.ConclusionCough variant asthma is distinctive from classic asthma in regard to clinical features, lung function, and airway inflammation. Quality of life is badly impaired as well in spite of better asthma control scores.