bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of different bone tracers and acquisition times on image quality of equine bone scintigraphy
Authors: Mageed Mahmoud , Dyab Shahlaa , Swagemakers Jan‐Hein , Gerlach Kerstin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe impact of different acquisition times (AqT) and technetium‐99 m–labeled (99mTc) diphosphonates on the image quality of bone scintigraphy is poorly documented in horses. The aim of this prospective experimental study was to evaluate the impact of varying 99mTc‐disphosphonates and AqT on semiquantitative and qualitative image parameters of bone scintigraphy in horses. Twenty‐four horses undergoing bone scintigraphy were divided equally and randomly into methylene‐ (MDP), hydroxymethylene‐ (HDP), and dicarboxypropane diphosphonate (DPD) groups. Lateral scintigraphic images of the antebrachium were obtained 3 h post 99mTC‐diphosphonate injection using three AqT (60, 90, 120 s). The images were analyzed semiquantitatively using the bone‐soft tissue ratio (B:ST), signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR), and image contrast. Furthermore, a blinded qualitative analysis was performed using a visual grading analysis. The results showed that DPD images had a significantly higher B:ST ratio than MDP images (P < .01) but not HDP images in all AqT (P > .08). However, DPD and HPD images acquired at 60 s had significantly higher CNR (P < .05) than those acquired at 90 and 120 s. The qualitative analysis revealed no significant differences between 99mTc‐diphosphonates at AqT 60 and 90 s. However, MDP images acquired at 120 s had significantly lower image quality compared to DPD and HDP (P = .01 and .03, respectively). In conclusion, the bone tracers affected the semiquantitative image parameters but not the qualitative analysis findings. Increasing AqT did not necessarily improve the image quality. Therefore, decreasing the AqT enabled a reduction in personnel radiation exposure.
Experimental Investigation on Rock-Breaking by High-Voltage Electro-Pulse Boring
Authors: Li Changping , Duan Longchen , Kang Jifeng , Li Ao , Xiao Yibiao 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Deep drilling and tunnel excavation rely on new rock-breaking technology. Currently, there is a lack of research on the micro mechanism of high-voltage electro-pulse boring (EPB). The design structure of the electrode bit is diverse, and there is still a great room for improving the service life of the electrode bit, the quality of the borehole wall, and the energy loss in the drilling process. Based on this, first, the electrode bits in the EPB system were improved, and the EPB tests was carried out. The three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction cloud graphs of broken granite were obtained, and the drilling with a diameter of 60 mm in granite and red sandstone was actualized. Compared with the drilling effect before improvement, the reliability and the service life of electrode bits and test devices were verified. Second, the high-voltage EPB experiments with different electric parameters were carried out, and the complete drilling with a diameter of 100 mm in red sandstone was realized. Finally, the composition and the microstructure of rock were obtained with Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) before and after EPB. It was concluded that the prefragmentation could be realized by EPB. The rock mass near the discharge channel underwent an oxidation reaction in addition to physical damage and formed new oxidation products. The EPB experimental study provided practical guidance for the design of the electrical bits and the improvement of the rock-breaking efficiency.
Vestibular neuronitis after COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Bramer Solange , Jaffe Yvette , Sivagnanaratnam Aravinth 
Published: June 2022

A woman in her 50s presented with acute vertigo and vomiting within 72 hours of receiving the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. The only neurological deficit was an impaired vestibulo-ocular reflex with horizontal nystagmus. The patient was subsequently diagnosed with vestibular neuronitis. She was managed symptomatically with prochlorperazine and betahistine, and underwent vestibular rehabilitation for 6 weeks. She made a full recovery and experienced no further symptoms. She received the second dose of the vaccine without complications.This case demonstrates a temporal association between COVID-19 vaccination and vestibular neuronitis. Neurological adverse events are rare but recognised side effects of COVID-19 vaccines and healthcare professionals should be aware of them. This ensures timely management of patients with such presentations. Treatment should be the same as for non-vaccine-associated vestibular neuronitis. The nature of the relationship between COVID-19 vaccination and vestibular neuronitis remains unclear and patients therefore require investigations to exclude other recognised causes of vestibular neuronitis.
Emulating value-chains of fast-moving consumer goods to improve uptake of co-packaged ORS and zinc for childhood diarrhoea: evaluation of the ColaLife trial
Authors: Ramchandani Rohit , Berry Simon , Berry Jane , Tembo Stephen , Black Robert E 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionOral rehydration salts (ORS) and zinc comprise the globally recommended treatment for diarrhoea in children aged <5 years. However, limited access contributes to low uptake of this treatment and subsequently high rates of morbidity and mortality among this age group in low-income and middle-income countries. We adopted approaches used for private-sector value-chains of fast-moving consumer-goods, involving the simultaneous stimulation of supply and demand. These approaches were applied to the introduction of an innovative co-packaged diarrhoea-treatment kit (ORSZ co-pack) to increase ORS and zinc coverage at the community level in Zambia.MethodsWe tested our approach using an observational pre–post test study design in two intervention districts in rural Zambia (Kalomo and Katete), each with a matched comparator (Monze and Petauke, respectively). We assessed the effect on coverage, of ORS and zinc as well as ORS alone, by conducting household surveys of a total of 2458 and 2477 caregivers of children aged <5 years at baseline and endline, respectively, across the four districts. We also assessed whether the source of ORS (public or private sector) changed following the intervention.ResultsBoth intervention districts experienced significant increases in coverage of ORS and zinc from <1% at baseline to 46.9% and 46.3% in Kalomo and Katete, respectively. Uptake in the comparator districts remained low at 1.7% and 0.6% in Monze and Petauke, respectively. For the secondary outcome examining ORS coverage (with or without zinc), the intervention was associated with a significant increase in Kalomo versus Monze, but not in Katete versus Petauke. There was a clear shift from the public to the private sector, and specifically to the use of the ORSZ co-pack.ConclusionImplementation of a value-chain creation approach for an innovative, over-the-counter, co-packaged diarrhoea-treatment kit can significantly improve the coverage of ORS and zinc.
Clinical heterogeneity between two subgroups of patients with idiopathic orbital inflammation
Authors: Kubota Toshinobu , Iwakoshi Akari 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveIdiopathic orbital inflammation (IOI) is a group of orbital inflammatory diseases of unknown etiopathogenesis. We investigated whether patients with IOI have clinical heterogeneity based on the presence (typical group) or absence (atypical group) of a unique onset that periocular inflammatory symptoms emerge suddenly but progress slowly.Methods and analysisThis retrospective cohort study included 195 patients diagnosed with IOI. We analysed the clinical data of patients, including the outcomes of corticosteroid treatment, in two subgroups stratified on the basis of the presence (130 patients) or absence (65 patients) of the unique onset.ResultsPatients in the typical group were significantly younger at disease onset than those in the atypical group (median age; 52 vs 65 years, p=0.002); had more ocular adnexa-specific lesions, namely, dacryoadenitis, myositis, scleritis and optic perineuritis (78% vs 45%, p=0.00001); and had significantly fewer associations with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (4% vs 15%, p=0.004). Among 30/119 patients (25%) who were steroid refractory in the typical group, a long period of time from symptom onset to initiation of treatment was a significant steroid-refractory risk factor (OR: 16.7), whereas, among the 18/40 patients (45%) who were steroid refractory in the atypical group, intraconal diffuse lesions were a significant steroid-refractory risk factor (OR: 8.8).ConclusionThis cohort study suggests clinical heterogeneity between the two subgroups of patients with IOI.
Associations of Genome-Wide Polygenic Risk Score and Risk Factors With Hypertension in a Japanese Population
Authors: Fujii Ryosuke , Hishida Asahi , Nakatochi Masahiro , Tsuboi Yoshiki , Suzuki Koji , Kondo Takaaki , Ikezaki Hiroaki , Hara Megumi , Okada Rieko , Tamura Takashi , Shimoshikiryo Ippei , Suzuki Sadao , Koyama Teruhide , Kuriki Kiyonori , Takashima Naoyuki , Arisawa Kokichi , Momozawa Yukihide , Kubo Michiaki , Takeuchi Kenji , Wakai Kenji , Matsuo Keitaro , Tanaka Keitaro , Miura Katsuyuki , Kita Yoshikuni , Takezaki Toshiro , Nagase Hiroki , Mikami Haruo , Uehara Ritei , Narimatsu Hiroto 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Although many polygenic risk scores (PRS) for cardiovascular traits have been developed in European populations, it is an urgent task to construct a PRS and to evaluate its ability in non-European populations. We developed a genome-wide PRS for blood pressure in a Japanese population and examined the associations between this PRS and hypertension prevalence.

Methods:
We performed a cross-sectional study in 11 252 Japanese individuals who participated in the J-MICC (Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort) study. Using publicly available GWAS summary statistics from Biobank Japan, we developed the PRS in the target data (n=7876). With >30 000 single nucleotide polymorphisms, we evaluated PRS performance in the test data (n=3376). Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure of 130 mm Hg or more, or diastolic blood pressure of 85 mm Hg or more, or taking an antihypertensive drug.

Results:
Compared with the middle PRS quintile, the prevalence of hypertension at the top PRS quintile was higher independently from traditional risk factors (odds ratio, 1.73 [95% CI, 1.32–2.27]). The difference of mean systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure between the middle and the top PRS quintile was 4.55 (95% CI, 2.26–6.85) and 2.32 (95% CI, 0.86–3.78) mm Hg, respectively. Subgroups reflecting combinations of Japanese PRS and modifiable lifestyles and factors (smoking, alcohol intake, sedentary time, and obesity) were associated with the prevalence of hypertension. A European-derived PRS was not associated with hypertension in our participants.

Conclusions:
A PRS for blood pressure was significantly associated with hypertension and BP traits in a general Japanese population. Our findings also highlighted the importance of a combination of PRS and risk factors for identifying high-risk subgroups.
Impact of the Obesity Paradox Between Sexes on In‐Hospital Mortality in Cardiogenic Shock: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kwon Woochan , Lee Seung Hun , Yang Jeong Hoon , Choi Ki Hong , Park Taek Kyu , Lee Joo Myung , Song Young Bin , Hahn Joo‐Yong , Choi Seung‐Hyuk , Ahn Chul‐Min , Ko Young‐Guk , Yu Cheol Woong , Jang Woo Jin , Kim Hyun‐Joong , Kwon Sung Uk , Jeong Jin‐Ok , Park Sang‐Don , Cho Sungsoo , Bae Jang‐Whan , Gwon Hyeon‐Cheol 
Published: June 2022

Background
Several studies have shown that obesity is associated with better outcomes in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS). Although this phenomenon, the “obesity paradox,” reportedly manifests differently based on sex in other disease entities, it has not yet been investigated in patients with CS.

Methods and Results

A total of 1227 patients with CS from the RESCUE (Retrospective and Prospective Observational Study to Investigate Clinical Outcomes and Efficacy of Left Ventricular Assist Device for Korean Patients With Cardiogenic Shock) registry in Korea were analyzed. The study population was classified into obese and nonobese groups according to Asian Pacific criteria (BMI ≥25.0 kg/m
2
for obese). The clinical impact of obesity on in‐hospital mortality according to sex was analyzed using logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline curves. The in‐hospital mortality rate was significantly lower in obese men than nonobese men (34.2% versus 24.1%, respectively;
P
=0.004), while the difference was not significant in women (37.3% versus 35.8%, respectively;
P
=0.884). As a continuous variable, higher BMI showed a protective effect in men; conversely, BMI was not associated with clinical outcomes in women. Compared with patients with normal weight, obesity was associated with a decreased risk of in‐hospital death in men (multivariable‐adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.63; CI, 0.43–0.92 [
P
=0.016]), but not in women (multivariable‐adjusted OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.55–1.61 [
P
=0.828]). The interaction
P
value for the association between BMI and sex was 0.023.

Conclusions
The obesity paradox exists and apparently occurs in men among patients with CS. The differential effect of BMI on in‐hospital mortality was observed according to sex.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02985008.
Total Psoas Area is a Measure for Deconditioning in Colorectal Surgery Patients
Authors: Chang Yu-Wei Wayne , Levy Brittany , Yackzan Daniel , Thomas Sarah , Davenport Daniel L. , Beck Sandra , Bhakta Avinash 
Published: June 2022

Introduction Physical fitness is an important prognostic indicator for surgical outcomes. An objective measure of deconditioning is needed to determine patient fitness. This study aims to describe a methodology to standardize psoas measurements and correlate them with postoperative outcomes. Methods After obtaining IRB approval, the ACS-NSQIP database was queried for patients over 18 years, undergoing colectomies for non-trauma indications from 1/1/2013 to 12/31/2018. Upon CT imaging, the psoas muscle was identified at the lumbosacral joint. Imaging software calculated the total cross-sectional area of the left and right psoas muscle and was normalized by dividing by height squared to achieve our Total Psoas Index (TPI) in cm2/m2. Results 1173 patients met study criteria; all had TPI calculated. A TPI equal to or below the gender-specific 25th percentile defined sarcopenia. In total, 151 females (24.6%) and 137 males (24.5%) were classified as sarcopenic. TPI was significantly associated with multiple NSQIP 30-day outcomes and mortality in our study population. Conclusions Measuring TPI at the lumbosacral joint is an appropriate method for determining sarcopenia.
Experimental Study: Children’s Perceptions Expressed Through Drawings and Coloring
Authors: Trifunović Aleksandar , Pešić Dalibor , Čičević Svetlana 
Published: June 2022

A large body of literature has addressed processes underlying human perception, with some assertions that children do not perceive space or colors in the same way as adults. Since children express themselves easily and acquire knowledge through graphic symbols, when determining psycho-motor maturity and perceptions of a preschool aged children, observers must evaluate their use of non-verbal graphics. Thus, we used young children’s drawings to examine their use of color and spatial perception, as well as to identify differences between children in rural and urban communities. Of 94 participants from rural and urban communities, 46 were kindergarten aged (5.5–6.5 years), and 48 were preschool aged (4.5–5.5 years). Comparing children from urban and rural areas, there were significant differences in their perception of different colors and spatial relations. Motor abilities were significantly different between children of different ages and gender. We argue that the applied assessment methods, such as children’s drawings, could be a basis for measuring effective learning and practicing of children’s abilities as expressed in the classroom, and that tools may be useful for creating individualized educational plans and programs for developing children’s skills through play.
Earlier Start Time for an Undergraduate Introductory Psychology Course is Associated with Worse Academic and Sleep-Related Outcomes
Authors: Wenze Susan J. , Charles Thalia K. 
Published: June 2022

Background Few studies have examined the effects of later class start times in college, even though developmentally driven sleep phase changes persist into the mid-20s. Objective We hypothesized that sleepiness would be higher in an 8 a.m. versus 10 a.m. section of Introductory Psychology, and grades, engagement, enjoyment, attendance, assignment completion, ease of waking and staying awake, and student evaluations of teaching (SETs) would be lower. Method Eighty-two students enrolled in an 8 a.m. ( n = 39) or 10 a.m. ( n = 43) section of Introductory Psychology reported their GPA and completed the Stanford Sleepiness Scale, Likert-scale items from the College’s SET form, and other questions. Results Students in the 8 a.m. section reported lower GPA, class grade, and assignments completed; more sleepiness; and a harder time waking up and staying awake for class. Several findings held when controlling for GPA. Conclusion Results extend previous research and suggest the importance of offering later classes in college. Limitations include a small sample size, quasi-experimental design, and use of self-report data. Future researchers should test whether findings replicate with other kinds of classes and in other subjects. Teaching Implications To maximize student success and well-being, later courses should be offered at the college level whenever feasible.
Descriptive Analysis of Otolaryngology Program Directors with a Focus on Gender Disparity
Authors: Tucker Jacqueline , Patel Shivam , Benyo Sarah , Wilson Meghan N. , Goyal Neerav , McGinn Johnathan 
Published: June 2022

Objective To describe and analyze the demographics and academic backgrounds of United States otolaryngology program directors (PD) and assess gender disparity in the field. Methods This was a cross-sectional study in which an online search using publicly available sources was performed to gather information on PDs for 125 United States otolaryngology programs from May 14, 2021, to May 30, 2021. Data collected included PD appointment year, age, gender, resident gender breakdown, degree, as well as training location and graduation year. Results There were 69.6% programs with a male PD and 30.4% with a female PD. Ninety percent of PDs have an MD degree and 9.6% have a DO degree. The current average age of PDs was 49.9 years old (range 35–79). Males were older than females PD (51.0 vs 47.1 years, P = 0.045) and have served a longer time as PD (7.1 vs 4.8 years, P = 0.019). There was no significant difference in other variables collected. There were 27.3% of program directors that held the position of professor, 44.5% associate professor, and 28.2% assistant professor. The most common subspecialty practiced by otolaryngology PDs was head and neck oncology. Conclusion Disparity in women’s representation in otolaryngology still exists, but the program director leadership position demonstrates better parity. There is an equal percent representation when examining female PDs and female otolaryngologists in academic medicine. Continued efforts to encourage women to enter and become leaders in otolaryngology are necessary moving forward.
Can We Identify Why Athletes Fail to Return to Sports After Arthroscopic Bankart Repair? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kim Michael , Haratian Aryan , Fathi Amir , Kim Daniel R. , Patel Nilay , Bolia Ioanna K. , Hasan Laith K. , Petrigliano Frank A. , Weber Alexander E. 
Published: June 2022

Background: No previous systematic reviews have reported on athletes who fail to return to sports after arthroscopic Bankart repair. Purpose: To review the literature on athletes who fail to return to sports after arthroscopic Bankart repair to determine the rate of athletes who did not return to sports and to identify the specific reasons for failure to return to sports by nonreturning athletes. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) were queried for articles meeting the inclusion criteria. Studies were considered eligible only if reporting the rate of failure for return to sports and providing the specific reasons why athletes were unable to return to sports. All records were screened by title, abstract, and full text by 2 authors independently, with any discrepancies resolved by a third senior author. For articles selected for inclusion, data were collected on the number of athletes, average age, average follow-up time, type of sport played, rate of failure to return to sports, and specific reasons for failure to return. A random-effects model was used to conduct the meta-analysis. Results: Seventeen studies were selected for inclusion reporting on a total of 813 athletes. The calculated weighted rate of failure to return to sports after arthroscopic Bankart repair was 15.6% (95% CI, 10.9%-21.1%). A significantly higher proportion of athletes cited shoulder-dependent versus shoulder-independent reasons for failure to return to sports (81.7% vs 18.3%; P < .0001). The most cited reasons for failure to return included recurrent or persistent instability (33.3%), fear of reinjury (17.7%), apprehension (9.9%), changes in priorities or personal interest (8.5%), lack of time (7.1%), and discomfort or pain with sports (6.4%). Conclusion: Our study estimated the rate of failure to return to sports after arthroscopic Bankart repair to be 15.6%, with most athletes citing shoulder-related reasons as the primary factor precluding return. Identifying the potential reasons preventing successful return to sports can guide surgeons in counseling athletes regarding postoperative expectations and addressing hesitations for returning to sports.