bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responding to neurodiversity in the courtroom: A brief evaluation of environmental accommodations to increase procedural fairness
Authors: Clasby Betony , Mirfin‐Veitch Brigit , Blackett Rose , Kedge Sally , Whitehead Esther 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecent research has highlighted that a high prevalence of young adults who have various forms of neurodivergence come into contact with the criminal justice system. Currently, many courts are not designed to respond to neurological differences often seen in young people who engage with them. The aim of this study was to identify ways to make locality courts more accessible, engaging, and ultimately more responsive to neurodivergence. A panel of neurodivergence specialists reviewed the general district courtroom environment of a new specialised young adult list court in Aotearoa New Zealand to identify potential barriers to accessibility and to highlight areas for improvement. The methodology involved naturalistic observation of a typical morning in the courtroom. We identified a series of recommendations with the potential to improve the court experience and increase access to justice for neurodivergent young adults. This study identified specific need for neurodiversity education and screening within the court environment.
A Macrocyclic Furan with Accessible Oxidation States: Switching Between Aromatic and Antiaromatic Global Ring Currents
Authors: Dishi Or , Rahav Yuval , Carmieli Raanan , Gidron Ori 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMacrocyclic furans are predicted to switch between global aromaticity and antiaromaticity, depending on their oxidation states. However, the macrocyclic furans reported to date are stabilized by electron withdrawing groups, which result in inaccessible oxidation states. To circumvent this problem, a post‐macrocyclization approach was applied to introduce methylene‐substituted macrocyclic furans, which display an extremely low oxidation potential of −0.23 vs. Fc/Fc+, and are partially oxidized in ambient conditions. Additional oxidation to the dication results in aromaticity switching to a global 30πe− aromatic state, as indicated by the formation of a strong diatropic current observed in the 1H NMR spectrum. NICS and ACID calculations support this trend and provide evidence for a different pathway for the global current in the neutral and dicationic states. According to these findings, macrocyclic furans can be rendered as promising p‐type materials with stable oxidation states.
The effect of the change of the structure on oxidative dehydrogenation of propane over cerium–zirconium catalysts
Authors: Zuo Cheng , Guo Qingjie , Su Qian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA series of pure CeO2, ZrO2, and CeZrOx mixed metal oxide catalysts were prepared by a wetness impregnation method and were applied to the dehydrogenation of propane to propylene at 500°C and 0.1 MPa. The prepared catalysts were characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopes (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, and H2‐TPR. It was observed that the zirconium content of the solid solution of the mixed metal oxide catalyst was 5%–25%, while the zirconium content of the material with phase segregation was higher (50%). The addition of zirconium was proven to decrease the oxygen vacancy concentration on the catalyst surface and change the intensity of (111) crystal of cerium oxide in the catalysts. Among the prepared catalysts, the Ce0.90Zr0.10Ox catalyst with the maximum strength of the (111) crystal plane of cerium oxide exhibited the better catalytic oxidation performance for the dehydrogenation of propane to propylene. Compared with ZrO2 in the blank experiment, the average propane conversion and propylene selectivity of the Ce0.90Zr0.10Ox catalyst were increased by 10.78% and 17.95%, respectively.
Cytomorphology of sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid: A short series of three cases with literature review
Authors: Kumar Tarun , Tewari Prerna , Khanna Nisha , Surabhi  , Bharti Shreekant , Sinha Ruchi , Bhadani Punam Prasad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundOcular sebaceous carcinoma (OSC) is a malignant and potentially lethal sebaceous gland tumor. Clinically, it masquerades as other benign and less malignant lesions, resulting in a delay in diagnosis.MethodsIn the present study, we sought to evaluate the cytomorphology of this aggressive neoplasm diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) last year at our institute.Results/FindingsWe report three cases of OSC diagnosed on aspiration cytology showed a cellular smear composed of sheets, 3D clusters, papillaroid, and singly scattered polygonal tumor cells having centrally located hyperchromatic pleomorphic nuclei and multiple microvacuolations in the cytoplasm. Necrosis and crushing artifact were also identified. Special stains such as Oil Red O stain on air‐dried smears showed positivity, confirming the presence of lipid globules. Subsequently, the Cytological impression of sebaceous carcinoma was confirmed on histopathology.ConclusionsThe article highlights the role of FNAC in the early and correct diagnosis of aggressive tumors and subsequent appropriate management to prevent recurrence and metastasis.
Winter condition variability decreases the economic sustainability of reindeer husbandry
Authors: Pekkarinen Antti‐Juhani , Rasmus Sirpa , Kumpula Jouko , Tahvonen Olli 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWild and semidomesticated reindeer are one of the key species in Arctic and subarctic areas, and their population dynamics are closely tied to winter conditions. Difficult snow conditions have been found to decrease the calving success and survivability of reindeer, but the economic effects of variation in winter conditions on reindeer husbandry have not been studied. In this study, we combine state‐of‐the‐art economic–ecological modeling with the analysis of annual reindeer management reports from Finland. These contain local knowledge of herding communities. We quantify the occurrence probabilities of different types of winters from annual management reports and analyze the effects of this variation in winter conditions on reindeer husbandry using an age‐ and sex‐structured bioeconomic reindeer–lichen model. Our results show that difficult winters decrease the net revenues of reindeer husbandry. However, they also protect lichen pastures from grazing, thereby increasing future net revenues. Nonetheless, our solutions show that the variability of winter conditions overall decrease the net income of herders compared to constant winter conditions. Low lichen biomass appears to make reindeer management more sensitive to the effects of difficult winter conditions. We also found that it is economically sensible to use supplementary feeding during difficult winters, but the net revenues still decrease compared to average winters because of the high feeding costs. Overall, our analysis suggests that the increasing variability of winter conditions due to climate change will decrease net revenues in reindeer husbandry. This decrease will still occur even if the most extreme effects of climate change do not occur. This study shows that combining a state‐of‐the‐art bioeconomic model and practitioner knowledge can bring compatible insights, ideas, results, and a bottom‐up perspective to the discussion.
Landscape‐level heterogeneity of agri‐environment measures improves habitat suitability for farmland birds
Authors: Roilo Stephanie , Engler Jan O. , Václavík Tomáš , Cord Anna F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAgri‐environment schemes (AESs), ecological focus areas (EFAs), and organic farming are the main tools of the common agricultural policy (CAP) to counteract the dramatic decline of farmland biodiversity in Europe. However, their effectiveness is repeatedly doubted because it seems to vary when measured at the field‐versus‐landscape level and to depend on the regional environmental and land‐use context. Understanding the heterogeneity of their effectiveness is thus crucial to developing management recommendations that maximize their efficacy. Using ensemble species distribution models and spatially explicit field‐level information on crops grown, farming practice (organic/conventional), and applied AES/EFA from the Integrated Administration and Control System, we investigated the contributions of five groups of measures (buffer areas, cover crops, extensive grassland management, fallow land, and organic farming) to habitat suitability for 15 farmland bird species in the Mulde River Basin, Germany. We used a multiscale approach to identify the scale of effect of the selected measures. Using simulated land‐use scenarios, we further examined how breeding habitat suitability would change if the measures were completely removed and if their adoption by farmers increased to meet conservation‐informed targets. Buffer areas, fallow land, and extensive grassland were beneficial measures for most species, but cover crops and organic farming had contrasting effects across species. While different measures acted at different spatial scales, our results highlight the importance of land‐use management at the landscape level—at which most measures had the strongest effect. We found that the current level of adoption of the measures delivers only modest gains in breeding habitat suitability. However, habitat suitability improved for the majority of species when the implementation of the measures was increased, suggesting that they could be effective conservation tools if higher adoption levels were reached. The heterogeneity of responses across species and spatial scales indicated that a mix of different measures, applied widely across the agricultural landscape, would likely maximize the benefits for biodiversity. This can only be achieved if the measures in the future CAP will be cooperatively designed in a regionally targeted way to improve their attractiveness for farmers and widen their uptake.
Environmental DNA tracks zooplankton population dynamics in experimental mesocosms
Authors: Bourque Danielle A. , Wang Xueqi S. , Fryxell John M. , Betini Gustavo S. , McCann Kevin S. , Hanner Robert 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) holds notable potential for biomonitoring and ecological research. However, its utility for quantifying temporal changes in abundance, biomass, and diversity remains contentious. We investigated biotic and abiotic factors influencing temporal variation in eDNA concentration in large, 28,000 L experimental mesocosms. Time series data demonstrated a positive relationship between the population abundance and biomass of the Cladoceran zooplankton species Daphnia magna and eDNA concentration, with a time lag of ~3.5 days in 25°C conditions, and up to 28 days in 15°C. Water temperature variations within mesocosms did not consistently influence eDNA quantity, although water temperature negatively predicted DNA concentration across mesocosms. Algal density negatively correlated with D. magna eDNA quantity across and within mesocosms. We demonstrate that eDNA signal detection can be used as a proxy for relative abundance and suggest that future investigation into the dynamics of eDNA shedding and degradation processes is warranted.
Bending oxygen saturation index and risk of worsening heart failure events in chronic heart failure
Authors: de la Espriella Rafael , Amiguet Martina , Miñana Gema , Rodríguez Juan Carlos , Moyano Patricia , Segarra Daniel , Fernández Julio , Santas Enrique , Núñez Gonzalo , Lorenzo Miguel , Bonanad Clara , Alania Edgardo , Valle Alfonso , Sanchis Juan , Bodí Vicent , Górriz Jose Luis , Navarro Jorge , Codina Pau , Voors Adriaan A. , Bayés‐Genís Antoni , Núñez Julio 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTAimsBendopnea is a clinical symptom of advanced heart failure with uncertain prognostic value. We aimed to evaluate whether bendopnea and the change in oxygen saturation when bending forward (bending oxygen saturation index [BOSI]) are associated with adverse outcomes in ambulatory chronic heart failure (CHF) patients.Methods and resultsWe prospectively evaluated 440 subjects with symptomatic CHF. BOSI was defined as the difference between sitting and bending oxygen saturation (SpO2). The endpoint was the total number of worsening heart failure (WHF) events (heart failure hospitalization or urgent heart failure visit requiring parenteral diuretic therapy). The mean age was 74 ± 10 years, 257 (58.6%) were male, and 226 (51.4%) had a left ventricular ejection fraction <50%. Bendopnea was present in 94 (21.4%) patients, and 120 (27.3%) patients had a BOSI ≥−3%. The agreement between BOSI ≥−3% and bendopnea was moderate (Gwet's AC 0.482, p < 0.001). At a median (p25%–p75%) follow‐up of 2.17 years (0.88–3.16), we registered 441 WHF events in 148 patients. After multivariable adjustment, BOSI was independently associated with the risk for total WHF episodes (overall, p < 0.001). Compared to improvement/no change in SpO2 when bending (BOSI 0%), those with BOSI ≥−3% showed an increased risk of WHF events (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 2.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.67–2.79; p < 0.001). In contrast, bendopnea was not associated with the risk of total WHF episodes (IRR 1.04, 95% CI 0.83–1.31; p = 0.705).ConclusionsIn ambulatory and stable CHF patients, BOSI ≥−3% and not bendopnea was independently associated with an increased risk of total (first and recurrent) WHF episodes. Awareness of SpO2 while assessing bendopnea may be a useful tool for predicting heart failure decompensations.
Characterizing the epithelial–mesenchymal transition status of circulating tumor cells in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Payne Karl , Brooks Jill , Batis Nikolaos , Taylor Graham , Nankivell Paul , Mehanna Hisham 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundCirculating tumor cells (CTCs), in particular those undergoing an epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), are a promising source of biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Our aim was to validate a protocol using microfluidic enrichment (Parsortix platform) with flow‐cytometry CTC characterization.MethodBlood samples from 20 treatment naïve HNSCC patients underwent Parsortix enrichment and flow cytometry analysis to quantify CTCs and identify epithelial or EMT subgroups—correlated to clinical outcomes and EMT gene‐expression in tumor tissue.ResultsCTCs were detected in 65% of patients (mean count 4 CTCs/ml). CTCs correlated with advanced disease (p = 0.0121), but not T or N classification. Epithelial or EMT CTCs did not correlate with progression‐free or overall survival. Tumor mesenchymal gene‐expression did not correlate with CTC EMT expression (p = 0.347).DiscussionMicrofluidic enrichment and flow cytometry successfully characterizes EMT CTCs in HNSCC. The lack of association between tumor and CTC EMT profile suggests CTCs may undergo an adaptive EMT in response to stimuli within the circulation.
Hepatocyte leukotriene B4 receptor 1 promotes NAFLD development in obesity
Authors: Liu Xingfeng , Wang Kai , Wang Luhai , Kong Lijuan , Hou Shaocong , Wan Yanjun , Ma Chunxiao , Chen Jingwen , Xing Xiaowei , Xing Caiyi , Jiang Qian , Zhao Qijin , Cui Bing , Huang Zhifeng , Li Pingping 
Published: August 2022

Background and Aims:
NAFLD is the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide and has emerged as a serious public health issue with no approved treatment. The development of NAFLD is strongly associated with hepatic lipid content, and patients with NAFLD have significantly higher rates of hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) than lean individuals. Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), a metabolite of arachidonic acid, is dramatically increased in obesity and plays important role in proinflammatory cytokine production and insulin resistance. But the role of liver LTB4/LTB4 receptor 1 (Ltb4r1) in lipid metabolism is unclear.

Approach and Results:
Hepatocyte‐specific knockout (HKO) of Ltb4r1 improved hepatic steatosis and systemic insulin resistance in both diet‐induced and genetically induced obese mice. The mRNA level of key enzymes involved in DNL and fatty acid esterification decreased in Ltb4r1 HKO obese mice. LTB4/Ltb4r1 directly promoted lipogenesis in HepG2 cells and primary hepatocytes. Mechanically, LTB4/Ltb4r1 promoted lipogenesis by activating the cAMP–protein kinase A (PKA)–inositol‐requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α)–spliced X‐box‐binding protein 1 (XBP1s) axis in hepatocytes, which in turn promoted the expression of lipogenesis genes regulated by XBP1s. In addition, Ltb4r1 suppression through the Ltb4r1 inhibitor or lentivirus–short hairpin RNA delivery alleviated the fatty liver phenotype in obese mice.

Conclusions:
LTB4/Ltb4r1 promotes hepatocyte lipogenesis directly by activating PKA–IRE1α–XBP1s to promote lipogenic gene expression. Inhibition of hepatocyte Ltb4r1 improved hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. Ltb4r1 is a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD.
Multiomics characterization of mouse hepatoblastoma identifies yes‐associated protein 1 target genes
Authors: Rodríguez Tomás C. , Kwan Suet‐Yan , Smith Jordan L. , Dadafarin Sina , Wu Chern‐Horng , Sontheimer Erik J. , Xue Wen 
Published: August 2022

Background and Aims:
Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common primary liver malignancy in childhood and lacks targeted therapeutic options. We previously engineered, to our knowledge, the first yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1)S127A–inducible mouse model of HB, demonstrating tumor regression and redifferentiation after YAP1 withdrawal through genome‐wide enhancer modulation. Probing accessibility, transcription, and YAP1 binding at regulatory elements in HB tumors may provide more insight into YAP1‐driven tumorigenesis and expose exploitable vulnerabilities in HB.

Approach and Results:
Using a multiomics approach, we integrated high‐throughput transcriptome and chromatin profiling of our murine HB model to identify dynamic activity at candidate cis‐regulatory elements (cCREs). We observed that 1301 of 305,596 cCREs exhibit “tumor‐modified” (TM) accessibility in HB. We mapped 241 TM enhancers to corresponding genes using accessibility and histone H3K27Ac profiles. Anti‐YAP1 cleavage under targets and tagmentation in tumors revealed 66 YAP1‐bound TM cCRE/gene pairs, 31 of which decrease expression after YAP1 withdrawal. We validated the YAP1‐dependent expression of a putative YAP1 target, Jun dimerization protein 2 (JDP2), in human HB cell lines using YAP1 and LATS1/2 small interfering RNA knockdown. We also confirmed YAP1‐induced activity of the Jdp2 TM enhancer in vitro and discovered an analogous human enhancer in silico. Finally, we used transcription factor (TF) footprinting to identify putative YAP1 cofactors and characterize HB‐specific TF activity genome wide.

Conclusions:
Our chromatin‐profiling techniques define the regulatory frameworks underlying HB and identify YAP1‐regulated gene/enhancer pairs. JDP2 is an extensively validated target with YAP1‐dependent expression in human HB cell lines and hepatic malignancies.
A multi‐omic single cell sequencing approach to develop a CD8 T cell specific gene signature for anti‐PD1 response in solid tumors
Authors: Kumar Namit , Papillon‐Cavanagh Simon , Tang Hao , Wang Shiliang , Stromko Caitlyn , Ho Ching‐Ping , Soni‐Sheth Sonal , Vasquez‐Grinnell Steven , Broz Miranda L. , Tenney Daniel J. , Wichroski Michael J. , Walsh Alice M. , Hu Yanhua , Benci Joseph L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractImmune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has led to durable clinical responses in multiple cancer types. However, biomarkers that identify which patients are most likely to respond to ICB are not well defined. Many putative biomarkers developed from a small number of samples often fail to maintain their predictive status in larger validation cohorts. We show across multiple human malignancies and syngeneic murine tumor models that neither pretreatment T cell receptor (TCR) clonality nor changes in clonality after ICB correlate with response. Dissection of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes pre‐ and post‐ICB by paired single‐cell RNA sequencing and single‐cell TCR sequencing reveals conserved and distinct transcriptomic features in expanded TCR clonotypes between anti‐PD1 responder and nonresponder murine tumor models. Overall, our results indicate a productive anti‐tumor response is agnostic of TCR clonal expansion. Further, we used single‐cell transcriptomics to develop a CD8+ T cell specific gene signature for a productive anti‐tumor response and show the response signature to be associated with overall survival (OS) on nivolumab monotherapy in CheckMate‐067, a phase 3 clinical trial in metastatic melanoma. These results highlight the value of leveraging single‐cell assays to dissect heterogeneous tumor and immune subsets and define cell‐type specific transcriptomic biomarkers of ICB response.
Risk factors for anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Results of a web‐based multinational cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kajdy Anna , Sys Dorota , Pokropek Artur , Shaw Steven W. , Chang Tung‐Yao , Calda Pavel , Acharya Ganesh , Ben‐Zion Maya , Biron‐Shental Tal , Borowski Dariusz , Czuba Bartosz , Etchegaray Adolfo , Feduniw Stepan , Garcia‐Mandujano Rosario , Santacruz Monica Garcia , Gil Maria M. , Hassan Sonia , Kwiatkowski Sebastian , Martin‐Arias Arancha , Martinez‐Portilla Raigam Jafet , Prefumo Federico , Rabijewski Michał , Salomon Laurent J. , Tiller Heidi , Verlohren Stefan , Voon Hian Yan , Yanque‐Robles Omar Fernando , Yong Soon Leong , Poon Liona C. ,   Mind‐COVID Collaborative Team
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess risk factors for anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the COVID‐19 pandemic using Mind‐COVID, a prospective cross‐sectional study that compares outcomes in middle‐income economies and high‐income economies.MethodsA total of 7102 pregnant women from 12 high‐income economies and nine middle‐income economies were included. The web‐based survey used two standardized instruments, General Anxiety Disorder‐7 (GAD‐7) and Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (PHQ‐9).ResultPregnant women in high‐income economies reported higher PHQ‐9 (0.18 standard deviation [SD], P < 0.001) and GAD‐7 (0.08 SD, P = 0.005) scores than those living in middle‐income economies. Multivariate regression analysis showed that increasing PHQ‐9 and GAD‐7 scales were associated with mental health problems during pregnancy and the need for psychiatric treatment before pregnancy. PHQ‐9 was associated with a feeling of burden related to restrictions in social distancing, and access to leisure activities. GAD‐7 scores were associated with a pregnancy‐related complication, fear of adverse outcomes in children related to COVID‐19, and feeling of burden related to finances.ConclusionsAccording to this study, the imposed public health measures and hospital restrictions have left pregnant women more vulnerable during these difficult times. Adequate partner and family support during pregnancy and childbirth can be one of the most important protective factors against anxiety and depression, regardless of national economic status.