bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards a Full Verification of How Light Spreads at Large Distances
Authors: Costescu Corneliu I. , Costescu Ruxandra M. , Costescu Doina M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We recognize that the spreading of light at large distances (the whole space) is the only property which can decide by yes or no if light really behaves physically like waves, while the fit of the waves for describing the diffraction fringes is insufficient for this purpose. Indeed, the fringe space is too limited and hence, brings the possibility of misinterpretation. Hence, the experiment for the verification if light is spreading like waves at large distances is necessary in principle, and is crucial. However, very surprisingly and tragically, this experiment was totally missing in history. This experiment uses the simplest diffraction case, in which a beam of light falls perpendicularly with its axis on the line and the plane of a straight edge. Practically, this experiment verifies if there is a dependence of the diffracted light at large distances in the geometrical shadow on the changes in beam thickness traversal to a single straight edge, while the distribution of light along the straight edge remains the same. If this dependence exists, as the wave theory for light fundamentally predicts, then the wave approach to light is physically true. If there is no dependence then light cannot behave physically like waves. This experiment can clearly be developed and performed without any calculation from the wave approach, just by a careful measurement practice. However, for a broader view, we describe in detail wave results for spreading of light at large distance, which illustrate the experiment – what are the spatial points where the measurement must be done to see if the above dependence exists, and which is the big picture for the wave approach. We attempted this experiment for many years, but could not finish it because of the lack of resources to measure at 100 – 500 m. The present article will empower big labs to perform this experiment. However, we show alternatively that the answer to how light spreads also comes from comparing the well known data for the diffraction on macroscopic holes with relatively recent data for the diffraction on nanoscopic holes. This comparison clearly shows that light does not spread physically like waves, which makes necessary a new, non-wave but periodic structure for light. Such an alternative answer regarding the spreading of light also makes absolutely necessary to perform the above missing experiment, as a direct way that convinces anybody how light is spreading.
La investigación en la educación universitaria en pandemia
Authors: Alvites Huamaní Cleofé Genoveva 
Published: February 2022

La pandemia que azota a nivel mundial y la que ha incidido en que la educación diera un giro abismal en todos los niveles, sobre todo a nivel universitario, al tener que reestructurar sus procesos de enseñanza y sus practicas investigativas ha hecho que se de una mira distinta a esta, en las que con mayor énfasis se han involucrado a los estudiantes, como capital humano de las universidades junto con los docentes (Dilas-Jiménez et al., 2020), quienes están haciendo que se reconozca y se valore el lado académico e investigativo con todo el aporte que están realizando para esta finalidad, tal como lo menciona Valencia-Rodríguez, (2013) al referirse que la gestión del conocimiento es la valoración del Know-how orientada a compartir el conocimiento, y sumado a ello es un activo de propiedad privada, que tiene un valor y con ello una capacidad de generar ingresos a los que la poseen, tanto material como académico e investigativo, (INS, 2010).
Regional characteristics’ impact on the performances of the gated recurrent unit on streamflow forecasting
Authors: Wang Qianyang , Zheng Yuexin , Yue Qimeng , Liu Yuan , Yu Jingshan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The gated recurrent unit (GRU) has obtained attention as a potential model for streamflow forecasting in recent years. Common patterns and specialties when employing it in different regions, as well as a comparison between different models still need investigation. Therefore, we examined the performances of GRU for one, two, and three-day-ahead streamflow forecasting in seven basins in various geographic regions in China from the aspect of robustness, overall accuracy, and accuracy of streamflow peaks’ forecasting. The robustness and accuracy of it are closely related to correlations between the input and forecasting target series. Also, it outperforms the benchmark machine learning models in more cases, especially for one-day-ahead forecasting (NSE of 0.88–0.96 except for the unsatisfactory result in the Luanhe River basin). The deterioration of its accuracy along the increasing lead time depends on the dominant time lags between the rainfall and streamflow peaks. Recommendations were proposed for further applications.
Insight into the performance and mechanism of magnetic Ni0.5Cu0.5Fe2O4 in activating peroxydisulfate for ciprofloxacin degradation
Authors: Wang Bo , Li Shifeng , Wang Haibo , Yao Shuhua 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Magnetic nickel-copper ferrite (NixCuyFe2O4) nano-catalyst was synthesized by co-precipitation method, and it exhibited excellent ability for activating peroxydisulfate (PDS) in the degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP). As-prepared Ni0.5Cu0.5Fe2O4 properties were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), transmissions electron microscopy (TEM), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm plot of Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The maximum degradation efficiency is 80.2% by using 0.500 g/L of Ni0.5Cu0.5Fe2O4 for activating 5.00 mmol/L of PDS to degrade CIP (20.0 mg/L) at 25 ± 2 °C for 50 min (pH = 6.00). The presence of interfering ions Cl−, NO3−, and HCO3− inhibited the reaction by producing reactive species with low oxidation potential, inducing the degradation efficiency down to 60.0%, 58.1% and 21.5% respectively. Ni0.5Cu0.5Fe2O4 displayed great magnetic separation characteristic for the satisfactory magnetization; saturation value is ∼8.6 emu/g. The degradation efficiency of recycled samples has no significant difference after using three times, which is about 60%, indicating that Ni0.5Cu0.5Fe2O4 is a reusability catalyst in activating PDS for CIP degradation. This work might provide an efficient and promising approach to construct recyclable magnetic materials that can be used for wastewater treatment.
Metabolic Study of Benzamidenafil using Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole
Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Pyo Jaesung 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Various illegal phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors have been indiscriminately
added to food and dietary supplements since the early 2000s without evaluating
their side effects or pharmaceutical effects.

Objective:
The metabolic pathway of benzamidenafil was evaluated using liquid chromatography
quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-ToF-MS).

Methods:
In vitro metabolic samples were prepared using human liver microsomes, and in vivo
metabolic samples were obtained from drug-administered rats. The metabolic samples were extracted
to remove biological interferences and injected into the LC-Q-ToF-MS system for analysis.
Their mass spectra and chromatograms were compared and interpreted.

Results:
A total of nine metabolites were evaluated in the benzamidenafil-treated samples. All
error values were within 5 ppm with high accuracy.

Conclusion:
These newly identified metabolites of benzamidenafil could be used to construct
relevant legal databases and applied to related forensic cases.
Efficient One-pot Synthesis of 3,3-di(indolyl)indolin-2-ones from Isatin and Indole Catalyzed by VOSO4 as Non-Sulfonamide Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Authors: Swain Baijayantimala , Singh Priti , Angeli Andrea , Sahoo Santosh Kumar , Yaddanapudi Venkata Madhavi , T. Supuran Claudiu , Arifuddin Mohammed 
Published: February 2022

Background:
A high yielding green protocol has been developed and delineated for the synthesis of 3,3-
di(indolyl)indolin-2-ones, potentially bioactive compounds, involving one pot aqueous medium condensation of isatin
with indole in the presence of VOSO4. The synthesized compounds were screened for their carbonic anhydrase inhibitory
activity against human (h) isoforms hCA I, hCA II, hCA IX, and hCA XII. These non-sulfonamide derivatives
selectively inhibited hCA II in the micromolar range.

Objective:
To develop a high yielding green protocol to synthesize 3,3-diindolyl oxindole derivatives using water as
solvent media and screening the synthesized molecules for their carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity.

Methods:
The target compound is obtained by taking isatin, indole, VOSO4, and H2O in one-pot at 70oC.

Results:
The designed molecules were synthesized by using the new method. The molecules were screened for their
CA inhibitory activity, which shows selective inhibition toward hCA II.The result showed an excellent yield without
any loss or decrease in catalytic activity, proving the catalyst's performance and recyclability.

Conclusion:
An efficient, simple, and green protocol was established that provides a facile and straightforward approach for
the preparation of 3,3-diindolyl oxindole derivatives (3a-r) from Isatin and Indole by using 10 mol% VOSO4 in high yields in
a short period of time by a one-pot coupling reaction. Furthermore, the catalyst can also be recovered and reused for three
consecutive catalytic cycles without any loss of its efficiency, which was confirmed by performing the experiment with 3a.
The newly synthesized molecules (3a-r) were screened for their carbonic anhydrase inhibition potency against four isoforms,
hCA I, II, IX, and XII and most of the compounds were found potent against hCA II with potency low to submicromolar
range.
Multifactorial Assessment of Older Adults Able and Unable to Recover
Balance During a Laboratory-induced Trip
Authors: Bohrer Roberta Castilhos Detanico , Lodovico Angélica , Duysens Jacques , Rodacki André Luiz Felix 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Older adults are prone to falls, and identifying fallers and non-fallers from
a set of fall-related variables is essential while establishing effective preventive programs.

Aims:
This study aimed to analyze if a set of parameters (i.e., strength, functional status, dynamic
balance, gait, and obesity-related anthropometric measures) differ between older adults able and
unable to recover from an induced trip.

Objective:
To analyze predictors among older adults able and unable to identify fallers and nonfallers.

Methods:
Thirty healthy old adults were tripped once during the mid-swing phase of the gait. The
trip outcome was used as a criterion to assign participants to a recovery (REC; n=21; 71.2±5.7
years; 70.9±12.8 kg; 1.60±0.09 m) or a non-recovery group (NREC; n=9; 69.4±6.8 years;
85.7±11.8 kg; 1.59±0.08 m). The spatiotemporal gait parameters, functional mobility, dynamic balance,
and isokinetic muscular function were measured.

Results:
The NREC presented larger BMI (33.6±2.7 vs. 27.5±3.4 kg.m-2; p<0.05); greater time for
the initiation phase on the voluntary step execution test (197.0±27.9 vs. 171.7±31.3s; p<0.05); lower
plantarflexor (0.41±0.15 vs. 0.59±0.18 N.m; p<0.05), dorsiflexor (0.18±0.05 vs. 0.24±0.07 N.m;
p<0.05), knee extensor (1.03±0.28 vs. 1.33±0.24 N.m; p<0.05) and knee flexor peak torques
(0.50±0.15 vs. 0.64±0.13 N.m; p<0.05); and greater time up and go (8.0±0.8 vs. 7.4±0.7 s).

Conclusions:
The results showed that it is possible to identify fall risk components based on several
fall-related parameters using a laboratory-induced trip as the outcome variable.
Randomized Clinical Trials on the Efficacy and Safety of Tocilizumab in
Subjects with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Elnour Asim Ahmed , Sadeq Adel , Ramadan Azza , Kidir Israa Yousif , Don Judit , Al Amoodi Abdulla , Al Mazrouei Nadia , Baraka Mohamed A. , Farah Farah Hamad , Alkaabi Maisoun 
Published: February 2022

Background:
The current therapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is confronted with many
challenges such as inadequate response, infection, and treatment failure.

Aim and Objective:
The main objective was to assess the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab (TCZ) in
subjects with RA using the available evidence from published randomized controlled trials.

Methods:
The current systematic review was performed on nine randomized controlled trials from 2002
to 2016 for TCZ in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis. The primary outcomes were the clinical improvement
in American College Rheumatology 20% (ACR20) or Disease Activity Score remission (DAS28),
in addition to other outcomes such as ACR50 and ACR70 in the intention-to-treat population.

Results:
We have conducted a systematic review on nine randomized controlled trials, with 4129
[100%] enrolled, of which 3248 [78.7%] were on the intention-to-treat. 2147 (66.1%) were treated
with TCZ and 1101 (33.9%) have had received placebo or methotrexate or other conventional Disease-
Modifying Anti-rheumatic Drugs (cDMARD) or biologic Disease-Modifying Anti-rheumatic
Drugs (bDMARDs). In subjects taking TCZ with or without concomitant methotrexate, compared to
placebo, subjects treated with TCZ 4 or 8 mg/kg were substantially and statistically significantly more
likely than placebo or methotrexate to achieve the ACR20 and/or DAS28. There were no statistically
significant differences in serious adverse events such as serious infection; however, subjects on TCZ
were more likely to have increased lipid profiles.

Conclusion:
TCZ mono-therapy or in combination with methotrexate is valuable in diminishing
rheumatoid arthritis disease activity and improving disability. Treatment with TCZ was associated
with a significant surge in cholesterol levels but no serious adverse effects. Randomized clinical trials
with safety as the primary outcome are warranted to report these safety issues.
IMPLEMENTASI PEMBELAJARAN KREATIF SENI RUPA ANAK PAUD BERBASIS DARING
Authors: Wibowo Devi Vionitta , Nugraheni Aninditya Sri 
Published: February 2022

Kreativitas menjadi salah satu fokus utama pendidikan abad 21. Karena itu, penelitian ini mencoba menganalisis bagaimana implementasi pembelajaran kreatif seni rupa pada tingkat PAUD secara daring. Metode penelitian berbentuk kualitatif studi kasus pada Lembaga PAUD Masyithoh Rembang. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa pembelajaran kreatif seni rupa dirangkum dalam silabus kurikulum darurat milik lembaga yang dibuat melalui program harian yang pelaksanaanya melalui Facebook, Youtube, Video Call, dan WhatsApp. Kegiatan seni rupa dua dimensi berupa kegiatan melukis serta seni tiga dimensi yang berupa karya membuat wayang binatang, mainan kacamata, gambar ikan dari barang bekas, kolase, serta bentuk rumah dari plastisin. Evaluasi yang didapat adalah anak dapat mengikuti kegiatan pembelajaran dengan baik dan melalui kegiatan ini dapat meningkatkan aspek perkembangan anak yang terdiri dari kognitif, sensorimotorik, bahasa, emosional serta bakat dan kreativitas anak. Kata Kunci: Pembelajaran, Kreatif, Seni Rupa, PAUD, Daring IMPLEMENTATION OF ONLINE-BASED PAUD CHILDREN’S CREATIVE ARTS LEARNINGAbstract Creativity is one of the main focuses of 21st-century education. Therefore, this study tries to analyze how the implementation of fine arts online creative learning at PAUD level. The research method is in the form of a qualitative case study at the PAUD Masyithoh Institute, Rembang. The results of the study stated that creative art learning was summarized in the institution’s emergency curriculum syllabus, which was made through daily programs whose implementation was through Facebook, Youtube, Video Call, and WhatsApp. Two-dimensional art activities in the form of painting activities and three-dimensional art in the form of making animal puppets, glasses, toys, fish pictures from used goods, collages, and the shape of houses from plasticine. The evaluation obtained is that children can participate in learning activities well. Through these activities can improve aspects of child development consisting of cognitive, sensorimotor, language, emotional, and children’s talents and creativity.. Keywords: Learning, Creative, Fine Art, PAUD, Online
MUSIK TRADISIONAL KURIDING DI DESA ULU BENTENG KECAMATAN MARABAHAN KABUPATEN BARITO KUALA: BENTUK DAN FUNGSI PERTUNJUKAN
Authors: Sani Muhammad Budi Zakia 
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana sejarah lahir dan perkembangan Musik Tradisional Kuriding di Desa Ulu Benteng Kecamatan Marabahan Kabupaten Barito Kuala. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif kualitatif dengan instrumen yaitu peneliti, perekam suara, kamera dan video. Teknik pengumupulan data yang dilakukan adalah studi lapangan atau observasi, studi dokumentasi, dan wawancara. Analisis data menggunakan teknik deskriptif analisis dengan tahap pengumpulan data, klasifikasi, dan deskripsi data serta analisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Syamsudin (Alm) adalah orang yang pertama kali memainkan atau sebagai maestro kuriding di desa tersebut, berdasarkan paparan oleh Iwie, kuriding pertama kali ia ketahui setelah ia menikah dengan Syamsuddin sekitar tahun 1930an. Perkembangan kuriding di desa Ulu Benteng tidak mengalami perkembangan. Kuriding mengalami kemunduran dan hanya ditemukan empat orang saja yang masih bisa memainkan Kuriding dengan fakta mereka tidak mampu membuat alat musik tersebut. Bentuk musik kuriding ini adalah pertunjukan yang dilakukan secara perorangan atau kelompok. Fungsi musik yang terdapat dalam musik kuriding diantara adalah sebagai sarana hiburan pribadi, sebagai sarana presentasi estetis, dan juga sebagai sarana pengikat solidaritas masyarakat.Kata Kunci : Kuriding, Musik Tradisional, Bentuk dan Fungsi PertunjukanKURIDING TRADITIONAL MUSIC IN ULU BENTENG VILLAGE, MARABAHAN DISTRICT, BARITO KUALA REGENCY: FORM AND FUNCTION OF PERFORMANCE Abstract The purpose of this study is to trace the history of Kuriding Traditional Music in Ulu Benteng Village, Marabahan District, Barito Kuala Regency. The method of study involves descriptive qualitative instruments, such as researchers, voice recorders, cameras, and videos. Field studies or observations, documentation studies, and interviews were all utilized to obtain data. Data analysis employs descriptive analytic techniques during the data collection, classification, and description stages of data collecting and analysis. The findings indicated that Syamsudin (Alm) was the first individual in the village to play or serve as a maestro of kuriding. According to Iwie, the first kuriding was known following her marriage to Syamsuddin in the 1930s. Kuriding's development in Ulu Benteng village remained stagnant. Kuriding suffered a setback when they discovered just four persons who could still play Kuriding due to their inability to manufacture the instrument. This style of kuriding music can be played solo or in groups. Kuriding music serves a variety of goals, including personal entertainment, aesthetic presentation, and community solidarity. Keywords: Kuriding, Traditional Music, Form and Functions of Performance
Adoption of a Postoperative Pain Self-Report Tool: Qualitative Study
Authors: Thiel Bram , Iao Inez , Smid Joris , de Wit Emmy , Koopman Seppe , Geerts Bart , Godfried Marc , Kalkman Cor 
Published: February 2022

Background
With electronic technologies, patients are provided with tools to easily acquire information and to manage and record their own health status. eHealth interventions are already broadly applied to perioperative care. In a similar way, we aimed to utilize a smartphone application to enable postoperative patients to partially self-manage their postoperative pain. The results of a previously performed proof-of-concept study regarding the application were promising, and nurses as well as patients were optimistic regarding this innovative mobile application. Nevertheless, in reality, it appears that the usage and overall implementation of this application have stagnated since its introduction. Problems with innovation adoption are not novel; various studies have been conducted to explore the reasons for low implementation success of eHealth applications and indicated that adoption is influenced by multiple organizational factors. This study investigated the influence of these organizational factors on the adoption process, aiming to provide more insight in the dos and don’ts for implementing eHealth in the working processes of hospital care.

Objective
This study aimed to provide insight in how to successfully implement a technological eHealth innovation in a general nonacademic hospital.

Methods
A qualitative study was conducted to explore organizational factors affecting the innovation adoption process. Data were collected by conducting semistructured one-on-one interviews with 11 stakeholders. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis identifying overarching themes.

Results
Absorptive capacity, referred to as an organization’s dynamic capability pertaining to knowledge creation and utilization that enhances an organization’s ability to gain and sustain a competitive advantage, was regarded as the most influential factor on the application’s adoption. Accordingly, it appeared that innovation adoption is mainly determined by the capability and willingness to assimilate and transform new information into productive use and the ability to absorb a novel innovation. Absorptive capacity was found to be influenced by the innovation’s benefit and the sense of ownership and responsibility. Organizational readiness and management support were also regarded as essential since absorptive capacity seemed to be mediated by these factors. The size of the hospital influenced eHealth adoption by the amount of resources available and by its organizational structure.

Conclusions
In conclusion, absorptive capacity is essential for eHealth adoption, and it is mediated by management support and organizational readiness. It is recommended to increase the degree of willingness and ability to adopt an eHealth innovation by enhancing the relevance, engaging stakeholders, and assigning appropriate leaders to offer guidance.