bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data protection rules applicable to Financial Intelligence Units: still no clarity in sight
Authors: Quintel Teresa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFinancial information can play a key role in tackling money laundering, terrorist financing and combatting serious crime more generally. Preventing and fighting money laundering and the financing of terrorism were top priorities of the European Union’s (EU) Security Strategy for 2020-2025, which might explain the fast developments regarding legislative measures to further regulate anti-money laundering (AML) and counter terrorism financing (CTF). In May 2020, the European Commission put forward an Action Plan to establish a Union policy on combatting money laundering and shortly afterwards, proposed a new AML Package.Financial Intelligence Units (FIUs) play a crucial role in analysing and exchanging information concerning unusual and suspicious transactions, serving as intermediaries between the private sector and law enforcement authorities (LEAs). Such information includes personal data, which is protected under the EU data protection acquis. The latter is constituted of two main laws, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which applies to general processing and the so-called Law Enforcement Directive (LED) that is applicable when competent law enforcement authorities process personal data for law enforcement purposes.This Article argues that the current legal framework on AML and CTF legislation is unclear on the data protection regime that applies to the processing of personal data by FIUs and that the proposed AML Package does little or nothing to clarify this dilemma. In order to contribute to the discussion on the applicable data protection framework for FIUs, the assessment puts forward arguments for and against the application of the LED to such processing, taking into account the relevant legal texts on AML and data protection.
Grundlagen der Injektion mittels Soft-Tissue-Filler
Authors: Sattler Sonja , Lübberding Stefanie 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungInjektionen mit Soft-Tissue-Fillern, insbesondere Hyaluronsäure, gehören heute zu den beliebtesten minimal-invasiven Behandlungsmethoden der Gesichtsverjüngung. Mit zunehmendem Verständnis der anatomischen Hautstrukturen und dem Wissen über die Physiologie der Hautalterung haben sich gezielt Behandlungsstrategien und -methoden entwickelt, um Patienten nach ihren Wünschen so optimal wie möglich zu behandeln. Grundlegend können Patienten entsprechend ihrem Behandlungswunsch in die Kategorien Prophylaxe, Optimierung oder Regeneration eingeteilt werden. Der Markt an Füllpräparaten liefert für jedes Behandlungsziel geeignete Präparate. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen grundlegenden Überblick zur Gewebeaugmentation mit Füllpräparaten und gibt Anregungen, um sichere Behandlungen mit optimalem Ergebnis strukturiert zu planen und durchzuführen.
Variability in phosphite sensitivity observed within and between seven Phytophthora species
Authors: Hunter Shannon , McDougal Rebecca , Williams Nari , Scott Peter 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPhosphite is used to control and manage many phytophthora diseases in horticultural systems worldwide and natural ecosystems in Australia, Africa, New Zealand and parts of Northern America and Europe. Phosphite does not kill Phytophthora species, but inhibits growth while also stimulating host defence responses. Phytophthora species differ in their underlying tolerance to phosphite and isolates have been shown to acquire tolerance after prolonged exposure. Intra- and inter-specific variability in phosphite sensitivity is of interest to determine the efficacy and sustainability of phosphite for the treatment of phytophthora diseases, which continue to spread globally. Seven Phytophthora species were tested for their sensitivity to phosphite in vitro in a mycelial growth experiment. Phytophthora agathidicida was the species most sensitive to phosphite, being inhibited by 98.7% on average at the lowest phosphite treatment (15 µg/mL phosphite), followed by P. aleatoria, P. cinnamomi, P. pluvialis, P. multivora, P. kernoviae and P. citricola. Huge intraspecific variability was observed with P. kernoviae, which raises the question of whether diseases caused by P. kernoviae such as phytophthora needle blight of Pinus radiata could be managed effectively with phosphite. Further work is required to determine the phosphite sensitivity of different introduced and native Phytophthora species growing in key hosts and whether tolerance observed in vitro is also expressed in vivo.
Simulation-based decision-making system for optimal mine production plan selection
Authors: Savolainen Jyrki , Rakhsha Ramin , Durham Richard 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPrice uncertainty is one of the major uncertainties in the life of mine (LOM) planning process which can have a decisive effect on the overall profitability. Today’s mine planning software tools provide block-sequencing optimisation for a given static price assumption that is then used as a basis of managerial decision-making process. This paper proposes a complementary approach to this by introducing a simulation-based decision-making tool that, with the help of simulation, seeks for the optimal mine plan when a managerially estimated price development with minimum and maximum boundaries is used as a data input for the given period. To demonstrate the approach, a realistic gold mine case study is presented with five alternative and technically feasible mine plans calculated in a static optimiser from a commercial mine planning software package. These mine planning scenarios are then subjected to price uncertainty in simulation with and without a price trend assumption to highlight the effect of price on the mine’s expected performance. Based on the results, we derive and demonstrate a simulation-based system that automates the matching of optimal mine plan with the managerial insight of long-term price development.
Porous, multi-layered piezoelectric composites based on highly oriented PZT/PVDF electrospinning fibers for high-performance piezoelectric nanogenerators
Authors: Du Xiangxin , Zhou Zheng , Zhang Zhao , Yao Liqin , Zhang Qilong , Yang Hui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPiezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) that can harvest mechanical energy from ambient environment have broad prospects for multi-functional applications. Here, multi-layered piezoelectric composites with a porous structure based on highly oriented Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3/PVDF (PZT/PVDF) electrospinning fibers are prepared via a laminating method to construct high-performance PENGs. PZT particles as piezoelectric reinforcing phases are embedded in PVDF fibers and facilitate the formation of polar β phase in PVDF. The multi-layered, porous structure effectively promotes the overall polarization and surface bound charge density, resulting in a highly efficient electromechanical conversion. The PENG based on 10 wt% PZT/PVDF composite fibers with a 220 µm film thickness outputs an optimal voltage of 62.0 V and a power of 136.9 µW, which are 3.4 and 6.5 times those of 10 wt% PZT/PVDF casting film-based PENG, respectively. Importantly, the PENG shows a high sensitivity of 12.4 V·N−1, presenting a significant advantage in comparison to PENGs with other porous structures. In addition, the composites show excellent flexibility with a Young’s modulus of 227.2 MPa and an elongation of 262.3%. This study shows a great potential application of piezoelectric fiber composites in flexible energy harvesting devices.
Investigation of microstructure changes in Al2O3-YSZ coatings and YSZ coatings and their effect on thermal cycle life
Authors: Dai Meiqi , Song Xuemei , Lin Chucheng , Liu Ziwei , Zheng Wei , Zeng Yi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractYttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coatings and Al2O3-YSZ coatings were prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). Their microstructural changes during thermal cycling were investigated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was found that the microstructure and microstructure changes of the two coatings were different, including crystallinity, grain orientation, phase, and phase transition. These differences are closely related to the thermal cycle life of the coatings. There is a relationship between crystallinity and crack size. Changes in grain orientation are related to microscopic strain and cracks. Phase transition is the direct cause of coating failure. In this study, the relationship between the changes in the coating microstructure and the thermal cycle life is discussed in detail. The failure mechanism of the coating was comprehensively analyzed from a microscopic perspective.
Dynamic oxidation mechanism of carbon fiber reinforced SiC matrix composite in high-enthalpy and high-speed plasmas
Authors: Yang Lingwei , Xiao Xueren , Liu Liping , Luo Jie , Jiang Kai , Han Xinxing , Zhao Changhao , Zhang Jun , Wang Guolin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis work employed an inductively coupled plasma wind tunnel to study the dynamic oxidation mechanisms of carbon fiber reinforced SiC matrix composite (Cf/SiC) in high-enthalpy and high-speed plasmas. The results highlighted a transition of passive/active oxidations of SiC at 800–1600 °C and 1–5 kPa. Specially, the active oxidation led to the corrosion of the SiC coating and interruption of the SiO2 growth. The transition borders of active/passive oxidations were thus defined with respect to oxidation temperature and partial pressure of atomic O in the high-enthalpy and high-speed plasmas. In the transition and passive domains, the SiC dissipation was negligible. By multiple dynamic oxidations of Cf/SiC in the domains, the SiO2 thickness was not monotonously increased due to the competing mechanisms of passive oxidation of SiC and dissipation of SiO2. In addition, the mechanical properties of the SiC coating/matrix and the Cf/SiC were maintained after long-term dynamic oxidations, which suggested an excellent thermal stability of Cf/SiC serving in thermal protection systems (TPSs) of reusable hypersonic vehicles.
APPLICATIONS OF PCF THEORY TO THE STUDY OF IDEALS ON
Authors: MATET PIERRE 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLet$\kappa $be a regular uncountable cardinal, anda cardinal greater than or equal to$\kappa $. Revisiting a celebrated result of Shelah, we show that ifis close to$\kappa $and(= the least size of a cofinal subset of) is greater than, thencan be represented (in the sense of pcf theory) as a pseudopower. This can be used to obtain optimal results concerning the splitting problem. For example we show that ifand, then no$\kappa $-complete ideal onis weakly-saturated.
The relational impact of social rights judgments: a trust-based analysis
Authors: Vitale David 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThere is a growing body of scholarship examining the impact of courts’ social rights judgments, especially their distributive impact (ie the extent to which they deliver social rights-related goods and services to the poor and marginalised). Commentators have used this impact to evaluate the effectiveness of courts in realising citizens’ social rights. This paper contributes to the scholarship by adding a new ‘relational’ dimension to our understanding of such impact. It uses the literature on the concept of trust from philosophy, sociology and other disciplines to analyse the impact that social rights judgments have on the relationship between citizens and the political branches of government, and argues that social rights judgments can modify two elements of this relationship that determine the dynamics at play in it: citizens’ vulnerability to the political branches with respect to the relevant goods and services; and citizens’ uncertainty about the political branches’ exercise of control over the goods and services (which can promote the political branches’ trustworthiness). By broadening our understanding of these judgments’ impact, the paper offers a valuable lens through which to analyse social rights judgments and adds needed nuance to current debates about courts’ effectiveness in realising citizens’ social rights.
An Argument for Phonological Stress in French: the syntagm over contrast
Authors: Ulfsbjorninn Shanti 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIt is standardly assumed that French does not have word-stress, rather it has phrase-level prominence. I will advance a number of arguments, many of which have appeared already in the literature, that cumulatively suggest that French roots are characterized by phonological prominence, even if this is non-contrastive. By prominence, I mean a syntagmatically distributed strength that has all the phonological characteristics of stress in other Romance languages. I will remain agnostic about the nature of that stress, eschewing the lively debate about whether French has feet, and if so what type, and at what level. The structure of the argument is as follows. French demonstrably has phonological word-final strength but one wonders what the source of this strength is. Positionally, the initial position is strong and, independently of cases where it is reinforced by other factors, the final position is weak. I will argue, based on parallels with other Romance languages, that French word-final strength derives from root-final phonological stress. The broader significance of this conclusion is that syntagmatic properties are enough to motivate underlying forms, even in the absence of paradigmatic contrasts (minimal pairs).
Tax Expenditures and the Tax Reform Act of 1969 in the United States
Authors: Mozumi Seiichiro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the United States, tax favoritism—an approach that has weakened the extractive capacity of the federal government by providing tax loopholes and preferences for taxpayers—has remained since the 1930s. It has consumed the amount of tax revenue the government can spend and therefore weakened the possibility of the redistribution of fiscal resources. It has also made the federal tax system complicated and inequitable, resulting in undermining taxpayer consent. Therefore, since the 1930s, a tax reform to create a simple, fair, and equitable federal income tax system with the capacity to raise revenue has been long overdue. Many scholars have evaluated the Tax Reform Act of 1969 (TRA69), which Richard M. Nixon signed into law on December 30, 1969, as one of the most successful steps toward accomplishing this goal. This article demonstrates that TRA69 left tax favoritism in the United States. Furthermore, it points out that TRA69 turned taxpayers against the idea of federal taxation, a shift in public perception that greatly impacted tax reform in the years to follow.
Modeling Wave‐Particle Interactions With Photoelectrons on the Dayside Crustal Fields of Mars
Authors: Shane Alexander D. , Liemohn Michael W. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhistler mode waves have been proposed as a crucial mechanism in determining the velocity‐space distribution of electrons on the dayside crustal magnetic fields of Mars. A superthermal electron transport model has been unable to reproduce the observed pitch angle distributions on a crustal field line. The two key differences are that the observed pitch angle distributions are much more isotropic and the observed high energy pitch angle distributions have a flux peak at perpendicular pitch angles. We solve the bounce‐averaged quasi‐linear diffusion equation to calculate the steady‐state pitch angle distribution of electrons along a crustal field line when in resonance with whistler mode waves. We perform two simulations, changing the background ionosphere, which affects what energies are in resonance with the whistler mode wave. The wave parameters are chosen based on previous observations of whistlers at Mars. Our results reconcile both qualitative differences between the previous data‐model comparisons.
Anomalous Post‐Rift Subsidence in the Bohai Bay Basin, Eastern China: Contributions From Mantle Process and Fault Activity
Authors: Liu Qiongying , He Lijuan , Yi Zejun , Zhang Linyou 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Bohai Bay Basin is the largest Cenozoic rift basin in eastern China, which exhibits a high rate of post‐rift subsidence deviating from the theoretical exponentially decay trend of thermal subsidence. The driving force for this phenomenon remains an outstanding question. Here we quantify the spatial and temporal distribution of the anomalous post‐rift subsidence by removing the thermal subsidence related to earlier stretching events from the observed tectonic subsidence. A multi‐episodic finite extension model is employed to estimate the stretching factors during rifting for nine profiles and 48 wells covering the basin. Our results show that the anomalous subsidence commenced at 12 Ma and the average anomalous subsidence rate accelerated from ∼19 m/Myr during the late Miocene to ∼75 m/Myr during the Quaternary, reaching ∼400 m at present. The anomalous subsidence is compared with published changes in dynamic topography arising from mantle flow. The temporal evolution of the dynamic topography generally fits the evolution of the anomalous subsidence, whereas variation in dynamic topography exhibits smaller amplitude and larger wavelength than our results. Small‐scale convection in the shallow mantle might play a role in generating short‐wavelength topography disturbances in the past tens of million years. Besides, the spatial distribution of the Quaternary anomalous subsidence generally coincides with fault movements in the past ∼2 Myr. We suggest mantle processes as well as fault activities might be possible mechanisms accounting for additional accommodation in the basin.
Selective 5HT3 antagonists and sensory processing: a systematic review
Authors: Tsitsipa Eirini , Rogers Jonathan , Casalotti Sebastian , Belessiotis-Richards Clara , Zubko Olga , Weil Rimona S. , Howard Robert , Bisby James A. , Reeves Suzanne 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOndansetron is a selective serotonin (5HT3) receptor antagonist that is under evaluation as an adjunctive treatment for schizophrenia, and a novel treatment for hallucinations in Parkinson’s disease. Ondansetron reverses sensory gating deficits and improves visuoperceptual processing in animal models of psychosis, but it is unclear to what extent preclinical findings have been replicated in humans. We systematically reviewed human studies that evaluated the effects of ondansetron and other 5HT3 receptor antagonists on sensory gating deficits or sensory processing. Of 11 eligible studies, eight included patients with schizophrenia who were chronically stable on antipsychotic medication; five measured sensory gating using the P50 suppression response to a repeated auditory stimulus; others included tests of visuoperceptual function. Three studies in healthy participants included tests of visuoperceptual and sensorimotor function. A consistent and robust finding (five studies) was that ondansetron and tropisetron (5HT3 antagonist and α7-nicotinic receptor partial agonist) improved sensory gating in patients with schizophrenia. Tropisetron also improved sustained visual attention in non-smoking patients. There was inconsistent evidence of the effects of 5HT3 antagonists on other measures of sensory processing, but interpretation was limited by the small number of studies, methodological heterogeneity and the potential confounding effects of concomitant medication in patients. Despite these limitations, we found strong evidence that selective 5HT3 antagonists (with or without direct α7-nicotinic partial agonist effects) improved sensory gating. Future studies should investigate how this relates to potential improvement in neurocognitive symptoms in antipsychotic naive patients with prodromal or milder symptoms, in order to understand the clinical implications.
Externalized phosphatidylinositides on apoptotic cells are eat-me signals recognized by CD14
Authors: Kim Ok-Hee , Kang Geun-Hyung , Hur June , Lee Jinwook , Jung YunJae , Hong In-Sun , Lee Hookeun , Seo Seung-Yong , Lee Dae Ho , Lee Cheol Soon , Lee In-Kyu , Bonner-Weir Susan , Lee Jongsoon , Park Young Joo , Kim Hyeonjin , Shoelson Steven E. , Oh Byung-Chul 
Published: January 2022

AbstractApoptotic cells are rapidly engulfed and removed by phagocytes after displaying cell surface eat-me signals. Among many phospholipids, only phosphatidylserine (PS) is known to act as an eat-me signal on apoptotic cells. Using unbiased proteomics, we identified externalized phosphatidylinositides (PIPs) as apoptotic eat-me signals recognized by CD14+phagocytes. Exofacial PIPs on the surfaces of early and late-apoptotic cells were observed in patches and blebs using anti-PI(3,4,5)P3antibody, AKT- and PLCδ PH-domains, and CD14 protein. Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells was blocked either by masking exofacial PIPs or by CD14 knockout in phagocytes. We further confirmed that exofacial PIP+thymocytes increased dramatically after in vivo irradiation and that exofacial PIP+cells represented more significant populations in tissues ofCd14−/−than WT mice, especially after induction of apoptosis. Our findings reveal exofacial PIPs to be previously unknown cell death signals recognized by CD14+phagocytes.
Novel biallelic variants expand the SLC5A6-related phenotypic spectrum
Authors: Holling Tess , Nampoothiri Sheela , Tarhan Bedirhan , Schneeberger Pauline E. , Vinayan Kollencheri Puthenveettil , Yesodharan Dhanya , Roy Arun Grace , Radhakrishnan Periyasamy , Alawi Malik , Rhodes Lindsay , Girisha Katta Mohan , Kang Peter B. , Kutsche Kerstin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe sodium (Na+):multivitamin transporter (SMVT), encoded by SLC5A6, belongs to the sodium:solute symporter family and is required for the Na+-dependent uptake of biotin (vitamin B7), pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), the vitamin-like substance α-lipoic acid, and iodide. Compound heterozygous SLC5A6 variants have been reported in individuals with variable multisystemic disorder, including failure to thrive, developmental delay, seizures, cerebral palsy, brain atrophy, gastrointestinal problems, immunodeficiency, and/or osteopenia. We expand the phenotypic spectrum associated with biallelic SLC5A6 variants affecting function by reporting five individuals from three families with motor neuropathies. We identified the homozygous variant c.1285 A > G [p.(Ser429Gly)] in three affected siblings and a simplex patient and the maternally inherited c.280 C > T [p.(Arg94*)] variant and the paternally inherited c.485 A > G [p.(Tyr162Cys)] variant in the simplex patient of the third family. Both missense variants were predicted to affect function by in silico tools. 3D homology modeling of the human SMVT revealed 13 transmembrane helices (TMs) and Tyr162 and Ser429 to be located at the cytoplasmic facing region of TM4 and within TM11, respectively. The SLC5A6 missense variants p.(Tyr162Cys) and p.(Ser429Gly) did not affect plasma membrane localization of the ectopically expressed multivitamin transporter suggesting reduced but not abolished function, such as lower catalytic activity. Targeted therapeutic intervention yielded clinical improvement in four of the five patients. Early molecular diagnosis by exome sequencing is essential for timely replacement therapy in affected individuals.