bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Tartrazine and Thymoquinone Administration on Rat Liver
Authors: Demircigil Nursena , Gul Mehmet , Gokturk Nurcan , Kustepe Elif Kayhan , Bag Harika Gozukara , Erdemli Mehmet Erman 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The current study aimed to observe the toxic effects of Tartrazine, a commonly used dyestuff in industries and foods, on the liver, and investigate whether this toxicity could be eliminated with Thymoquinone coadministration. The study was conducted on 32 200-250 g male Wistar albino rats, procured from İnönü University Experimental Animals Breeding and Research Center. The rats were randomly assigned to 4 equal groups: Control group, Thymoquinone group, Tartrazine group, Thymoquinone + Tartrazine group. The trials were conducted for 21 days. Then, rat liver tissue and blood samples were obtained and biochemical and histopthological examinations were conducted on the samples. Tartrazine administration increased the oxidant and oxidative stress index parameters in the liver tissue, decreased the antioxidant parameters, led to histopathological problems and inflammation in the serum samples. Thymoquinone administration increased the antioxidant parameter levels in liver tissue and decreased serum inflammation levels (p<0.001). Thymoquinone and Tartrazine coadministration reduced the adverse biochemical and histopathological effects of Tartrazine. Tartrazine caused hepatotoxicity via cellular damage in the liver tissue and led to inflammation. Thymoquinone, on the other hand, improved antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. We recommend daily consumption of black cumin and its active ingredient, Thymoquinone to reduce Tartrazine toxicity.
Accelerated Carbonates Dissolution Caused by Anthropogenic Acidification - Contrast of Watershed Soils to Lake Sediments in Taihu Region, China
Authors: Tao Yu , Binyang Jia , Rui Wang , Yixiang Deng , Xiaoke Zhuo , Zhonghua Cheng , Chengda He 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Anthropogenic disturbances have greatly changed the water chemistry in Taihu lake, however, how soil carbonates responded to the long-term human-induced acidification received less attention likely due to the “acid-insensitive” region of Taihu watershed. In this work, we investigated soil carbonate concentrations from different land uses in the upstream of the lake and sediment carbonate profiles in the lake, to explore the linkage of carbonates dissolution in the land and sedimentation in the lake. The result showed that the wheat-rice surface soil, the most acidification-impacted by fertilization and acid deposition, had significantly lower pH than vegetable and wetland soils (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the carbonate concentration in wetland soils, only impacted by acid deposition, was significantly higher than that in wheat-rice and vegetable soils (p < 0.05). The pH profile of fertilized soils, with an increasing trend from the surface to bottom, further indicated the acidifying effect of fertilization. Although the average soil pH across all land uses was 6.6 in the upstream of the lake, remaining carbonate buffering system, the significant carbonate decrease especially in surface soils evidenced the definite carbonate dissolution by acidification, which is cumulative and irreversible. Contrary to the topsoils, the sediment carbonate concentration presented an increasing trend from the depth of 15cm (denoting around the early 1980s) to surface, indicating that lake sediments are major sink of carbonate Ca and Mg from the watershed, particular under an alkaline lake environment caused by frequent algae blooms in the past decades. In addition, Ca/Mg ratio in the sediment, having higher values in a higher pH environment, was quite different from the watershed pattern, suggesting different biogeochemical processes they underwent during their transportation and sedimentation. The effects of acidification-altered re-distribution of carbonate Ca and Mg and Ca/Mg ratio in the terrestrial and aquatic environments deserve wider considerations of ecosystem consequence.
cTBS over the premotor cortex eliminates the primary cortex excitatory effect of the motor imitation task: A randomized control double blind study
Authors: Zheng Ya-Dan , Li Xin , Huang Fu-Biao , Zhang Yao-Wen , Su Liu-Jie , Huang Wen-Hao , Izumi Shin-Ichi , Dou Zu-Lin , Tang Zhi-Ming 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Motor imitation is an innate ability of animals and human beings. This study uses transcranial magnetic stimulation to interfere with the premotor cortex (PMC) function to determine its contribution to motor imitation tasks.Methods：Forty healthy adults were randomly assigned into two groups (20 participants each): a real continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) and a sham cTBS. Both groups received motor imitation training once. Before training, real or sham cTBS was delivered to the left PMC according to the group. Cortical excitability was evaluated by measuring the motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude of the right first interosseous dorsal muscle before and after intervention. Results: The MEP amplitude for the sham cTBS group was significantly higher post intervention (P < 0.05); For the real cTBS group, no significant difference was found in the MEP amplitude (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Motor imitation training enhanced cortical excitability. The cTBS delivered to the PMC eliminated the excitatory effect of motor imitation on the cortex, suggesting that the PMC is a critical node for the effect of motor imitation training on cortical excitability.
Influence of gas distribution port parameters on in-cylinder working pressure of Annular Connecting Straight Cylinder Engine
Authors: Xu Haijun , Yang Congnan , Cai Tong , Gao Xue , Xu Liyang , Yan Lihao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a novel type of Annular Connecting Straight Cylinder Engine (ACSCE) is proposed, and an innovative dynamic position gas distribution system based on airway reuse is designed. Combined with the characteristics of the differential rotation of the rotor cylinder, the thermodynamic model of the air-powered working process for ACSCE is established. The mathematical structure model of the gas distribution system is also described, and the influence of different parameters of the gas distribution port, including the position angle, size and shape, on in-cylinder working pressure of ACSCE are analysed. The simulation and experimental results show that the position angle of the intake and exhaust ports of the Central Valve Shaft (CVS) has a greater impact on incylinder working pressure, while the port size of CVS has a relatively small effect, and the port size of the Rotary Valve (RV) also has a great impact on in-cylinder working pressure, while the port shape has less effect. When the intake port position angle φ z 0 = 78°, the exhaust port position angleφ z 0 ' = 30 o , the intake port size d 1 =10 mm , the exhaust port size d 1 ' =14 mm of CVS and the port size d 2 = 6 mm of RV, the ACSCE can be in correct gas distribution state and work stably.
Cell wall water states in poplar（Populus beijingensis W. Y. Hsu）studied by time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance during adsorption
Authors: Zhang Minghui , Zhao Zhihong , Liu Wenjing , Tan Rui , Zhao Wanlei , Wang Bin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study investigated water states in wood cell wall with time-domain magnetic resonance technique during adsorption. The goalswere to differentiate confined free water from cell wall water and verify cell wall water including both boundand confined free water. The hardwood species, poplar（Populus beijingensis W. Y. Hsu）being studied, presented bound water with spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) over 100ms while confined free water in cell wall with T1 within 15 ms. The data showed bound wateras monolayer form appeared when relative humidity (RH) was below 30% while it composed of both monolayer and polymolecular water when RH was over 30% during adsorption.In addition, confined free waterin cell wall formed after equilibrium moisture content reached4.48%. Also the results showed the spin-spin relaxation time for bound water in wood was within 1ms instead of 10ms according to published references.
Medication-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: A Review of Cases from the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS)
Authors: Ahdi Hardeep Singh , Wichelmann Thomas Adam , Pandravada Sasirekha , Ehrenpreis Eli 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction:Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a rare but serious adverse drug reaction (ADR) commonly associated with bisphosphonate and denosumab therapy. Prior research utilized an online, public FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) Database to explore this ADR. This data identified and described several novel medications associated with ONJ. Our study aims to build upon the prior findings, reporting trends of medication induced ONJ over time and identifying newly described medications.Methods:We searched the FAERS database for all reported cases of medication related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) from 2010 to 2021. Cases lacking patient age or gender were excluded. Only adults (18+) and reports from Healthcare Professions were included. Duplicate cases were removed. The top 20 medications were identified and described for April 2010-December 2014 and April 2015-January 2021.Results:19,668 cases of ONJ were reported to the FAERS database from 2010-2021. 8,908 cases met inclusion criteria. 3,132 cases were from 2010-2014 and 5,776 cases from 2015-2021. Within the cases from 2010-2014, 64.7% were female and 35.3% were male, and the average age was 66.1+/-11.1 years. Between 2015-2021, 64.3% were female and 35.7% were male, and the average age was 69.2+/-11.5 years. Review of the 2010-2014 data identified several medications and drug classes associated with ONJ not previously described. They include lenalidomide, corticosteroids (prednisolone and dexamethasone), docetaxel and paclitaxel, letrozole, methothrexate, imatinib, and teriparatide. Novel drugs and classes described between 2015-2021 include palbociclib, pomalidomide, radium 223, nivolumab, and cabozantinib.Discussion:While stricter inclusion criteria and removal of duplicate cases led to fewer overall identified cases of MRONJ when compared to prior research, our data represents a more reliable analysis of MRONJ reports to the FAERS database. Denosumab was the most frequently reported medication associated with ONJ. While unable to imply incidence rates from our data due to the nature of the FAERS database, our findings provide further description of the various medications associated with ONJ and elucidate patient demographics associated with the ADR. Additionally, our study identifies cases of several newly described drugs and drug classes that have not been previously described in literature.
Sex and school type modified effects of depressive symptoms and screen use on substance use among adolescent in Taiwan: findings from a nation wide cross-sectional survey
Authors: Bui Chung , Lin Li-Yin , Lin Chun-Ji , Chiu Ya-Wen , Chiou Hung-Yi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
BackgroundAmong Taiwanese adolescent, how depressive symptoms, screen use affect on substance use remains unclear. This study aimed to examine (1) the cross-sectional association between depressive symptoms, screen use and substance use ; and (2) the modified effects of sex and school type on those mentioned associations.MethodsWe analyzed 18,509 participants from the baseline survey of the Taiwan Adolescent to Adult Longitudinal Survey in 2015. The outcome was substance use including binge drinking, smoking, cigarette smoking and betel chewing. The main predictors were self-reported depressive symptoms and screen use. Multiple logistic regression was employed to estimate predictors, and a subgroup analysis was performed to assess effect modifications.ResultsAmong 18509 participants, 6.4% reported binge drinking, 5.6% reported smoking, 4.4 % reported e-cigarette smoking, 5.0% reported betel chewing. After adjustments for covariates including sex, school type, BMI, skipping breakfast and social determinants, the associations of depressive symptoms, screen use on substance use were significant. Stratified results indicated that depressive symptoms and screen use employed diverse effects on substance use across subgroups based on sex and school types. ConclusionsDepressive symptoms and screen use were notable factors positively associated with substance use among Taiwanese adolescents. The findings highlight the importance of strengthening public health interventions to monitor substance use, decrease depression, and screen use among adolescents.
Effect of The Temperature and salinity variations on Growth and Carraggenan content Kappaphycus alvarezii in Akle Waters, Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: Oedjoe Marcelien Djublina Ratoe , Turupadang Welem Linggi , Kangkan Alexander Leonidas , Sine Kiik G 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Changes in temperature, salinity water associated with growth and carrageenan content. Temperature and salinity determines the performance of seaweeds, and indeed all organisms, at the fundamental levels of enzymatic processes and metabolic function. Carrageenan is extracted from the Rhodophyceae. In this study described the ways in which changes in the environment directly affect seaweeds. We consider the extent to which seaweed may be able to respond to changes temperature and salinity. By prioritizing research in sea water we can rapidly build upon understanding of seaweed to climate change to more effectively conserve and manage coastal ecosystems. This research has been carried out from February to December. This study aimed to determine the effect of temperature and salinity on growth, nutrition and carrageenan content. The specific growth rate was 6.25% day-1 at 290C, 5.19% day-1 at 300C, 4.6% day-1 at 310C, 3.6% day-1 at 330C, 2.08%day-1 at 340C, and 1.9% day-1 at 350C, respectively. We concluded that the productivity decreased as both temperature and salinity increased. It was also observed that ice-ice disease was not present at the temperature of 29 to 32 0C and salinity from 30 to 31 psu, while ice-ice was present at temperature 33 to 35 0C and salinity of 34 to 35 psu. Carrageenan content ( 41.87% − 65.43% ) at temperature of 29 0C – 310C, salinity 30–31 psu on March to June while at temperature 32 0C-35 0C, salinity 33–35 ppt: on July to October 7.27% − 25.20%.
Plant age and soil texture rather than the presence of root hairs cause differences in maize resource allocation and root gene expression in the field
Authors: Ganther Minh , Lippold Eva , Bienert Manuela Désirée , Bouffaud Marie-Lara , Bauer Mario , Baumann Louis , Bienert Gerd Patrick , Vetterlein Doris , Heintz-Buschart Anna , Tarkka Mika Tapio 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Laboratory studies have identified fundamental processes and genetic determinants affecting the growth and stress tolerance of maize, yet they ignore complex field conditions where soil and climate variables interact. In this study, we assess the importance of plant development stage, substrate, and root hair formation on field-grown maize in terms of root gene expression and resource allocation, and shoot element status.Methods: Wild type and root hairless rth3 mutant maize were grown on two substrates, sand and loam and sampled during the 4-leaf, 9-leaf and tassel emergence stages. This period was accompanied with a low precipitation rate. Youngest leaf and whole shoot elemental compositions were assessed by ionome analysis, root gene expression by RNA sequencing and qRT-PCR, and root resource allocation of C and N uptake by stable isotope labeling.Results: Growth stage accounted for the main differences, followed by substrate and root hair formation in all analyses. Lack of root hairs led to significant impacts on shoot growth and total nutrient uptake, but had only a minor effect on root gene expression and momentary leaf nutritional status. During tassel emergence, the concentrations of several elements in leaves decreased, but nutrient transporter expression in roots increased; whereas cell wall formation-related root gene expression and C allocation to roots decreased. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that the presence and function of root hairs are a determinant of maize nutrient acquisition and growth, and provide insight on how maize acclimatizes to different substrates and a longer period of low precipitation.
Working in Fours: Generational Communication in the Emergency Department
Authors: Guptill Mindi , Reibling Ellen , Phan Tammy , Khoo Bryant , Lin Stephen , Donham Corbin , Wang Cheryl , Walters E. Lea 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
This study examined the conflicts between different generations working in the emergency department (ED). We sought to record generational differences involving communication preferences, perceived areas of conflict, work motivations, and attitudes regarding work-life balance.
Methods
We developed a survey to assess the physician perspective on generational conflict in the ED. The survey was distributed to members of the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP).
Results
We received 696 completed responses. Men represented 60% of respondents and the largest proportion of respondents were EPs working in community settings (53%); 11% were residents. Generation representation was smallest for Traditionalist (2%) and largest for Gen X (43%). Seventy percent reported observing conflict due to generational communication with the largest frequency being once a week (26%). In the associated open-ended questions, 247 (33%) provided 316 anecdotal descriptions of observed conflict. Responses clustered into seven themes (ordered by frequency): Work Ethic, Treatment Approach, Technology Application, Entitlement, Professionalism, Work Life/Balance, and Communication Style. Comparing Work Ethic responses, 52–70 year olds reported that younger providers are less interested in “accomplishing anything” while 26–34 year olds resented that attitude. Respondents completing the open-ended questions regarding preventing and responding to conflict provided some insight into helpful strategies including actions supportive of clear communication and standardized policies and expectations. Only 5% of respondents reported that they had discussed generational communication in department meetings with the odds of a woman reporting conflict being less than males (p = .01).
Conclusions
Conflicts in the ED can be attributed to how an individual views the values of someone from another generation. Understanding the frequency and areas of generational conflict in the ED can help medical leaders find strategies to mitigate negative workplace interactions.
A long-range entangled state beyond the paradigm of topological order
Authors: Wang Wei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The nature of the famed long-range entanglement of quantum many-body systems is the paradoxical coexistence of short-range correlation and nonlocal information which cannot be encoded through constant-depth local quantum circuits. This coexistence is only proved in topologically ordered states and their extensions in 2D or higher dimensions, and is in charge of their fundamental importance in fault-tolerant quantum computation. Here, we broaden the knowledge of long-range entangled states beyond the manifold-topology picture by proving the coexistence in a new concrete example in addition to those well-known ones like the toric-code ground state. The new long-range entangled state reveals an intrinsically different paradigm, it describes quantum matter on the newly experimentally realized fractal lattice geometry in 1.58D where the topological framework is negated, but a self-similarity structure shapes how the nonlocal information is encoded. The new paradigm portrays an exotic quantum order and uncovers the potential of fractional-dimension quantum states in studies relevant to quantum computation.
Fate of Non-Recyclable Plastic Wastes: Material Flow Analysis, Leakage Hotspot Modelling, and Management Strategies
Authors: Rinasti Aprilia , Ibrahim Indradhi , Gunasekara Kavinda , Koottatep Thammarat , Winijkul Ekbordin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Low priority on waste management has impacted the complex environmental issue, where this study found out up to 24.3% of waste generation in Jakarta and Bandung is emitted to the waterway due to the high intensity of human activity in the urban area. In this study, we investigated the viable integration between material flow analysis and leakage hotspot modelling to improve the management strategy of the plastic pollution in the water system and open environment. Using the multi-criteria assessment through the plastic leakage from its management, a material flow analysis has developed on the city scale. Comprehensively identifying using potent identification and hydrological characterization, plastic waste from Jakarta city has occasionally estimated 2603 ton discarded to Ciliwung River while the plastics from Bandung Area has contributed to 1547 ton, addressing Cikapundung River as the main tributary of Citarum mainstream in annual basis.
Seasonal variation of antioxidant activity and properties in Ulva lactuca Linnaeus, 1753: A compression study in pre and post monsoon to the northern coasts of the Oman SeaAli Mahdi Abkener*1Corresponding E-mail address: aliabkenar@gmail.com Department of Fisheries Group, Chabahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chabahar, Iran.
Authors: Abkener Ali Mahdi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Ulva lactuca (Ul) is a green macroalgae that contains commercially valuable molecules components. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare seasonal variations of antioxidant activity (AOA) of U. l. sample harvested from locations of Tang, Chabahar and Gowatr in the northern coast of the Oman Sea (IRAN). Sampling was carried out during April to May (spring) and October to November (autumn) 2020, representing pre- and post-monsoon, respectively. No significant difference (P > 0.05) were observed between samples harvested in pre- and post-monsoon from all three locations, except for the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) content. The FRAP on post-monsoon shows a significant difference between all studied locations (P < 0.05). In this season, the FRAP content was measured 69 ± 0.05; 0.60 ± 0.06 and 0.50 ± 0.06 mg GAE g− 1 for Tang, Chabahar and Gowatr, respectively (P < 0.05). However, a high linear correlation (> 0.95) was calculated for parameters showing a significant contribution by β-carotene (βC) with FRAP content (R = -0.004) in pre-monsoon, as well as total phenolic content (TPC) with anthocyanin content (ACN) (R = -0.013); Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) with total flavonoid content (TFC) (R = -0.010) and radical scavenging activity assay (DPPH) with IC50 content (R = 0.022) in post-monsoon. AOA analysis along with PCA (principal component analysis) in pre-monsoon confirm relationships and FRAP, TPC, ACN and βC determined sample distribution along PC1 (main components 1), while DPPH, IC50 and TFC along the PC2. However, in post monsoons all parameters determined sample distribution along PC1.