bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mark Twain’s Western Rhetoric of Insults
Authors: Fredericks Sarah Elizabeth 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Mark Twain’s early literary experimentation in the West gave rise to his most recognizable narrative voices, tropes, and techniques—including expressions of anger. These newspaper endeavors featured and were fundamentally shaped by invective, especially the insult, a robust and flexible form of verbal abuse. Twain used insults to establish his literary superiority, demonstrate or reinforce his various group identities, and contest his place within social and professional in-group hierarchies. This article constructs a framework for Twain’s rhetoric of insults in his western newspaper contributions prior to his 1866 trip to the Hawaiian Islands, focusing on insults in three contexts: the rivalry, the hoax, and the honor contest. It analyzes the multiple rhetorical dimensions of Twain’s varied forms of mock and malicious insults (including vehicle, intensity, and invective loci) and traces the social bonds created or affected by his insults.
Research Topic: Impact of Money Laundering on Economic Growth Case study: Nile Commercial Bank – Juba South Sudan
Authors: Ayoker Lam Bukeje 
Published: September 2022

The aims of this study is to analyze the impact of money laundering on economic growth and to know measures taken by government to prevent the money laundering activities in South Sudan.
The researcher used qualitative and quantitative methods for collecting data; also the researcher used the statistical package for social science (SPSS) for data analysis.
Findings: The study revealed that money laundering has impact on economic growth of the country, money laundering could cause inflation, there is Act of Anti –money laundering in South Sudan, money laundering promoting corruption, senior management is responsible to manage money laundering
Recommendation: researcher has reached to the important recommendations as following;
Analisis Kesalahan Siswa dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Cerita Sistem Persamaan Linier Dua Variabel Menggunakan Prosedur Polya
Authors: Lukas Incha S. , Salajang Santje M. , Manurung Ontang , Sulistyaningsih Murni 
Published: September 2022

Materi Sistem Persamaan Linier Dua Variabel (SPLDV) adalah materi yang memerlukan penyelesaian dengan tingkat pemahaman dan ketelitian yang cukup tinggi. Apalagi banyak yang menganggap metematika itu sulit, sehingga ketika guru menyampaikan materi tidak bisa menangkap dan mencerna materi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk menunjukan secara lebih cermat kesalahan siswa dalam mengerjakan soal cerita materi persamaan linier dua variabel dengan panduan prosedur Polya. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap siswa kelas VIII SMP Kristen Kulur dengan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode tes dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat empat tipe kesalahan yang dibuat siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal Materi SPLDV.
How to build a tooth? Developmental biology is revealing the instructions
Authors: Thesleff Irma 
Published: September 2022

Få, om noen områder kan vise til en slik utvikling som bioteknologien har vært igjennom de siste årene. Metoder som for kort tid siden ble ansett som «science fiction», har i høyeste grad kvittet seg med «fiction»-begrepet, og molekylærbiologiske teknikker ser nå ut til å åpne for totalt nye muligheter innen både diagnostikk og behandling av sykdommer. Utviklingsbiologiens oppgave i denne sammenhengen er bl.a. å beskrive de prosesser og signalveier som fører til at ulike vev og organer dannes. Arbeidet som er gjort innen dette feltet har identifisert flere mekanismer som er nødvendige for vellykket og synkronisert utvikling av et organ eller sogar et individ. Det har også ført til identifisering av flere enkeltgener som, når de er uttrykt på feil sted eller til feil tid, kan føre til store misdannelser. Kartleggingen av disse mekanismene kan på sikt gi oss mulighet til å dyrke frem «kunstige» organer. Dette vil naturligvis kunne ha stor betydning ved agenesier eller patologiske prosesser. Tannanlegget er en klassisk og svært velegnet modell for å beskrive signalveiene som fører til dannelsen av et funksjonelt organ. Den systematiske forskningen som er utført innen dette feltet gjør også tennene til aktuelle kandidater for organer som lar seg fremstille kunstig. For som artikkelen antyder: Kjenner man mekanismene bak den naturlige utviklingen, har man også oppskriften.
Professor Irma Thesleff har i en årrekke figurert blant verdens ledende utviklingsbiologer, med særlig fokus på mekanismer som regulerer tannutviklingen. Hun ble tildelt Anders Jahres store medisinske pris for 1999.
Vil utdanne egne spesialister
Authors: Eng Galåen Tone Elise 
Published: September 2022

Ble opprettet i 2003 etter et vedtak i Stortinget året før om at det skulle etableres både tannlegeutdanning og kompetansesenter i Tromsø.
Holder til i TANN-bygget sammen med Institutt for klinisk odontologi (IKO)
Skal sikre kompetanse og spesialisttjenester innen tannhelse i de tre nordligste fylkene
Utdanner spesialister innen kjeveortopedi, pedodonti og den nye disiplinen klinisk odontologi
Kandidatene kan søke lønn/stipend fra fylket under spesialistutdannelsen
Har hatt problemer med å rekruttere fra Norge
Er likevel det kompetansesenteret som har kommet lengst i etableringen
Tannturisme
Authors: Aksnes Kristin 
Published: September 2022

Totalt beløp for utbetalte saker: 8,1 mill kr.
Fysioterapi: 2461 saker - 5,3 millioner kroner
Tannbehandling: 163 saker - 1,8 mill kr
Legehjelp: 764 saker - 407 000 kr
Legemidler: 210 saker - 252 000 kr
Poliklinikk: 43 saker - 115 000 kr
Spesialist: 61 saker - 46 000 kr
Psykolog: 8 saker - 39 000 kr
Røntgen: 55 saker - 22 000 kr
Behandlingene ble utført først og fremst i Spania (fysioterapi og legehjelp). På andreplass ligger Ungarn, hvor sakene gjelder tannbehandling. Deretter følger med få saker (under 20): Sverige, Polen, Bulgaria, Danmark og Portugal.
Lokal og systemisk behandling av munntørrhet
Authors: Reksten Tove Ragna , Reksten Tove Ragna , Jonsson Malin V. , Marthinussen Mihaela C. , Jonsson Malin V. , Marthinussen Mihaela C. 
Published: September 2022

Finn årsaken til xerostomi. Dersom årsaken kan fastslås, forsøk å eliminere den. Dette kan løse problemet eller i det minste redusere symptomene.Hvis årsaken ikke kan fastslås, eller hvis årsaksrettet behandling bare delvis lindrer xerostomi, anbefales salivastimulerende midler.Hvis salivasekresjon ikke kan stimuleres tilstrekkelig, anbefales salivaerstatningsmidler.Vurder hvilke andre tiltak som kan iverksettes for å bevare og beskytte tenner, tannkjøtt og munnslimhinne.
Perifert ossifiserende fibrom – en vanskelig klinisk diagnose
Authors: Grung Bjarte , Johannessen Anne Christine 
Published: September 2022

HovedbudskapPerifert ossifiserende fibrom (POF) er en lesjon som oftest er lokalisert til marginale gingivaUtveksten kan klinisk være vanskelig å skille fra pyogent (telangiektatisk) granulom og perifert kjempecellegranulomVanskeligheten ligger i at bendannelsen ikke fremkommer på et vanlig intraoralt røntgenbildeLesjonens farge kan være rød med tendens til ulcerasjon eller ha rosa farge som normal gingivaLesjonen har residivtendens og bør kontrolleres hos egen tannlege
Tverrfaglig behandling for pasienter med psykiske helseutfordringer
Authors: Quintero Diana Patricia Henriquez , Bjørkvik Jofrid 
Published: September 2022

Hovedbudskap
Pasienter med langvarig psykiske lidelser har dårligere tannhelse enn resten av befolkningen.
Pasientgruppen har under visse betingelser rett på gratis tannbehandling, men mange benytter seg ikke av denne retten.
Tverrfaglig samarbeid mellom kommunen, psykolog og tannhelseteam bidrar til å identifisere barrierer og finne løsninger.
Individuell vurdering og god kommunikasjon med pasienter kan sikre gode resultater
Perifert kjempecellegranulom – rapport av 15 kasus
Authors: Grung Bjarte , Johannessen Anne Christine 
Published: September 2022

Hovedbudskap
Perifert kjempecellegranulom (PKCG) er lokalisert til marginale gingiva
Lesjonen kan være vanskelig klinisk å skille fra pyogent (teleangiektatisk) granulom og perifert ossifiserende fibrom
En blålig farge kan være til hjelp i diagnostiseringen
Der er residivtendens slik at postoperative kontroller er påkrevet, vanligvis hos egen tannlege
Lesjonene kan forekomme ved implantater og er ofte forbundet med bennedbrytning slik at implantatet kan gå tapt
Oral sundhed hos marginaliserede borgere
Authors: Hede Børge , Palma Patricia de , Persson Karin , Lahti Satu 
Published: September 2022

Klinisk relevansDet er vigtigt, at klinikere har indsigt i og forståelse for, at det påvirker den orale sundhed og sundhedsadfærden, når man lever på kanten af samfundet. Det er også vigtigt at anerkende, at sådanne patientgrupper kan have behov for andre tandplejeydelser og behandlingsplaner end «almindelige» patienter, fordi borgere i udkanten af samfundet ofte har en række sociale problemer, som kan påvirke både deres subjektive behandlingsbehov, men også mulighederne for at gennemføre den planlagte behandling.
Mukosal CD30+ lymfoproliferativ sykdom – en sjelden slim­hinnelidelse
Authors: Kubon Anette , Johannessen Anne Christine , Leh Friedemann , Løkeland Turid 
Published: September 2022

HovedbudskapMukosal CD30+ lymfoproliferativ sykdom har de senere årene blitt betegnet som en egen klinisk og patologisk entitetKlinikk og utvikling av tilstanden er svært viktig i diagnostiseringenTilstanden kan være vanskelig å skille fra primært T- celle lymfom, og feildiagnostisering kan resultere i overbehandlingDet foreligger ikke noe fast behandlingsprotokoll for mukosal CD30+ lymfoproliferativ sykdom
Resinbaserte sementer – egenskaper som påvirker klinisk suksess av indirekte restaureringer
Authors: Sagen Mina Aker , Dahl Bjørn Einar 
Published: September 2022

HovedbudskapIndirekte restaureringer som er godt festet til pilar og har tilfredsstillende estetikk anses for å være klinisk suksessfulleResinbaserte sementer brukes ofte ved sementering av indirekte restaureringerSementene har flere viktige roller som påvirker klinisk suksessEgenskaper ved sementen påvirker dens evne til å fylle alle disse rollene
The Evaluation of the Macrophyte Species in the Accumulation of Selected Elements from the Varkenslaagte Drainage Line in the West Wits, Johannesburg South Africa
Authors: Salome Mthombeni Tinyiko 
Published: September 2022

Although mining has over the centuries improved the livelihoods and economies of many countries, the results have not spared the environment’s luxurious legacy. Acid mine drainage contaminated sites with heavy metals that affect negatively and positively the macrophytes plants that grow on those sites. Accumulated elements by macrophytes planted on artificial wetlands portray the relative bioconcentration and translocation factors. Various elements were measured in the sediment, water, and macrophytes from the sampled sites and the results indicate that concentrations accumulated by plants play a significant role in biological and chemical processes in soil-water-plant relations. When comparing the drinking water quality standards by international organizations that were used as a guideline for the comparisons of elements concentration levels of elements found in water, Iron (Fe), Nickel (Ni), Manganese (Mn), and Copper (Cu) were found to be above the international water quality standards for drinking water and their average concentrations were 2230, 282, 5950, and 14,080 μg/l respectively. The sequence of elements accumulation by the macrophytes differed per plant and each of the three macrophytes plants was a hyperaccumulator of a certain element.
THE MARCH 25, 2020 M<sub>W</sub>=7.5 PARAMUSHIR EARTHQUAKE AND ITS IMPACT ON RECENT GEODYNAMICS OF THE ADJACENT SECTION OF THE KURIL-KAMCHATKA SUBDUCTION ZONE
Authors: Prytkov A. S. , Vasilenko N. F. 
Published: September 2022

An intraplate tsunamigenic earthquake with МW=7.5 occurred on March 25, 2020 southeast of the Paramushir Island (Kuril Islands) beneath the outer slope of the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench. Since 1900, this earthquake has been the largest event for an 800-km long oceanic slope and a 300-km long segment of the Kuril seismofocal zone located near the epicenter. Sub-horizontal compression stresses generated in the earthquake source region were oriented across the seismofocal zone. A type of motion is represented by reverse faulting along the both nodal planes.The compressive stress state in which there occurred the Paramushir earthquake reflects the present-day geodynamics in the subduction zone near the hypocenter. The paper shows that the earthquake occurrence is due to a strong mechanical contact surface between the Pacific and North American lithospheric plates in the subduction zone. The analysis of coseismic displacement of the nearest Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) station served as confirmation of the determination of fault plane solution of the earthquake. A seismogenerating motion occurred along the plane oriented to the southwest and dipping towards the trench. For Finite fault source models, there were calculated the increments of the Coulomb stress in the subduction zone. For the main fault plane, the increment of the Coulomb stress in the interpolate contact area propagates to a depth of ~30 km and reaches 1 bar.Coseismic stress increment in the subduction zone at the northern flank of the Kuril island arc, which has a high seismic potential at the present stage of the tectonic cycle, increases the likelihood of the largest interplate earthquake occurrence therein.
BMSC-derived exosomal miR-27a-3p and miR-196b-5p regulate bone remodeling in ovariectomized rats
Authors: Lai Guohua , Zhao Renli , Zhuang Weida , Hou Zuoxu , Yang Zefeng , He Peipei , Wu Jiachang , Sang Hongxun 
Published: September 2022

Background
In the bone marrow microenvironment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP), bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-derived exosomal miRNAs play an important role in bone formation and bone resorption, although the pathogenesis has yet to be clarified.

Methods
BMSC-derived exosomes from ovariectomized rats (OVX-Exo) and sham-operated rats (Sham-Exo) were co-cultured with bone marrow-derived macrophages to study their effects on osteoclast differentiation. Next-generation sequencing was utilized to identify the differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) between OVX-Exo and Sham-Exo, while target genes were analyzed using bioinformatics. The regulatory effects of miR-27a-3p and miR-196b-5p on osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and osteoclast differentiation were verified by gain-of-function and loss-of-function analyses.

Results
Osteoclast differentiation was significantly enhanced in the OVX-Exo treatment group compared to the Sham-Exo group. Twenty DE-miRNAs were identified between OVX-Exo and Sham-Exo, among which miR-27a-3p and miR-196b-5p promoted the expressions of osteogenic differentiation markers in BMSCs. In contrast, knockdown of miR-27a-3p and miR-196b-5p increased the expressions of osteoclastic markers in osteoclast. These 20 DE-miRNAs were found to target 11435 mRNAs. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses revealed that these target genes were involved in several biological processes and osteoporosis-related signaling pathways.

Conclusion
BMSC-derived exosomal miR-27a-3p and miR-196b-5p may play a positive regulatory role in bone remodeling.
Comparison of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors vs Glucagonlike Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Incidence of Dry Eye Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in Taiwan
Authors: Su Yu-Chen , Hung Jia-Horung , Chang Kai-Cheng , Sun Chi-Chin , Huang Yi-Hsun , Lee Chaw-Ning , Hung Ming-Jui , Lai Chi-Chun , Shao Shih-Chieh , Lai Edward Chia-Cheng 
Published: September 2022

ImportanceSodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been found to improve low-grade systemic and tissue inflammation; however, the association between SGLT2 inhibitor use and the incidence of dry eye disease (DED) has not been explored.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between SGLT2 inhibitor use and dry eye disease in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA retrospective cohort analysis of the largest multi-institutional electronic medical records database in Taiwan was conducted to identify patients with T2D newly receiving SGLT2 inhibitors or glucagonlike peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) from 2016 to 2018. Data analysis was performed from March 1 to May 31, 2022. Propensity scores with inverse probability of treatment weighting were generated to enable homogeneous comparisons between the 2 groups.ExposuresTreatment with SGLT2 inhibitors or GLP-1 RAs.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIncident dry eye disease, which was defined by clinical diagnoses, plus the related drug prescription. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios with 95% CIs for the risk of DED.ResultsA total of 10 038 and 1077 T2D patients newly receiving SGLT2 inhibitors (mean [SD] age, 59.5 [12.1] years; 5689 [56.7%] men) or GLP-1 RAs (mean [SD] age, 58.5 [41.2] years; 587 [54.5%] men), respectively, were included in the analysis. The incidence of DED was lower in patients newly receiving SGLT2 inhibitors (9.0 events per 1000 person-years) compared with those receiving GLP-1 RAs (11.5 events per 1000 person-years), yielding a hazard ratio of 0.78 (95% CI, 0.68-0.89). Subgroup analyses indicated that the lowered DED risks associated with SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with T2D were similar across different age, sex, blood glucose level, and kidney function groups. Results from the sensitivity analyses (including the propensity score–matching approach, on-treatment analyses, and different follow-up periods of 1, 2, and 3 years) were similar to the main analyses.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this study suggest that patients with T2D newly receiving SGLT2 inhibitors may have a lower risk for DED compared with those receiving GLP-1 RAs. Prospective studies are needed to analyze these results.
Unraveling the Transcriptomic Signatures of Homologous Recombination Deficiency in Ovarian Cancers
Authors: Lee Jae Jun , Kang Hyun Ju , Kim Stephanie S. , Charton Clémentine , Kim Jinho , Lee Jin‐Ku 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHomologous recombination deficiency (HRD) is a crucial driver of tumorigenesis by inducing impaired repair of double‐stranded DNA breaks. Although HRD possibly triggers the production of numerous tumor neoantigens that sufficiently stimulate and activate various tumor‐immune responses, a comprehensive understanding of the HRD‐associated tumor microenvironment is elusive. To investigate the effect of HRD on the selective enrichment of transcriptomic signatures, 294 cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas‐Ovarian Cancer project with both RNA‐sequencing and SNP array data are analyzed. Differentially expressed gene analysis and network analysis are performed to identify HRD‐specific signatures. Gene‐sets associated with mitochondrial activation, including enhanced oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos), are significantly enriched in the HRD‐high group. Furthermore, a wide range of immune cell activation signatures is enriched in HRD‐high cases of high‐grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). On further cell‐type‐specific analysis, M1‐like macrophage genes are significantly enriched in HRD‐high HGSOC cases, whereas M2‐macrophage‐related genes are not. The immune‐response‐associated genomic features, including tumor mutation rate, neoantigens, and tumor mutation burdens, correlated with HRD scores. In conclusion, the results of this study highlight the biological properties of HRD, including enhanced energy metabolism, increased tumor neoantigens and tumor mutation burdens, and consequent exacerbation of immune responses, particularly the enrichment of M1‐like macrophages in HGSOC cases.
Rational Molecular Design Enables Efficient Blue TADF−OLEDs with Flexible Graphene Substrate
Authors: Sharif Parisa , Alemdar Eda , Ozturk Soner , Caylan Omer , Haciefendioglu Tugba , Buke Goknur , Aydemir Murat , Danos Andrew , Monkman Andrew P. , Yildirim Erol , Gunbas Gorkem , Cirpan Ali , Oral Ahmet 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObservation of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) in conjugated systems redefined the molecular design approach to realize highly efficient organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) in the early 2010s. Enabling effective reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) by minimizing the difference between singlet and triplet excited state energies (ΔEST) is proven to be a widely applicable and fruitful approach, which results in remarkable external quantum efficiencies (EQE). The efficacy of RISC in these systems is mainly dictated by the first‐order mixing coefficient (λ), which is proportional to spin‐orbit coupling (HSO) and inversely proportional to ΔEST. While minimizing ΔEST has been the focus of the OLED community over the last decade, the effect of HSO in these systems is largely overlooked. Here, molecular systems with increased HSO are designed and synthesized by substituting selected heteroatoms of high‐performance TADF materials with heavy‐atom selenium. A new series of multicolor TADF materials with remarkable EQEs are achieved. One of these materials, SeDF‐B, results in pure blue emission with EQEs approaching 20%. Additionally, flexible graphene‐based electrodes are developed for OLEDs and revealed to have similar performance as standard indium tin oxide (ITO) in most cases. These devices are the first report of TADF based OLEDs that utilize graphene‐based anodes.
A Nanoporous Carbon‐MXene Heterostructured Nanocomposite‐Based Epidermal Patch for Real‐Time Biopotentials and Sweat Glucose Monitoring
Authors: Zahed Md Abu , Sharifuzzaman Md , Yoon Hyosang , Asaduzzaman Md , Kim Dong Kyun , Jeong Seonghoon , Pradhan Gagan Bahadur , Shin Young Do , Yoon Sang Hyuk , Sharma Sudeep , Zhang Shipeng , Park Jae Yeong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDespite substantial progress in the development of wearable and flexible monitoring systems that conform to the epidermis, most designs focus on either physiological signs such as the electrocardiogram (ECG) results, respiration rate, or metabolites, and ignore the dynamic fluctuations of pH and temperature in sweat during on‐body tests. An advanced butterfly‐inspired hybrid epidermal biosensing (bi‐HEB) patch is presented here, which is interfaced with a custom‐developed miniaturized monitoring system. The patch incorporates a novel transducing layer of nanoporous carbon and MXene (NPC@MXene) for sensitive and durable detection of biomarkers in sweat. The bi‐HEB patch is composed of a glucose biosensor accompanied by pH and temperature sensors to precisely quantify glucose as well as two biopotential electrodes, allowing real‐time recording of electrophysiological (EP) signals. The NPC@MXene‐based glucose biosensor demonstrates an excellent sensitivity of 100.85 µAmm−1 cm−2 within physiological levels (0.003−1.5 mm), and variations in pH and temperature during on‐body perspiration monitoring are calibrated by employing a correction approach. In parallel, the EP electrodes exhibit skin‐electrode contact impedance and biopotential signals similar to those of conventional Ag/AgCl electrodes. Finally, the bi‐HEB patch integrated wearable system is used to accurately monitor sweat glucose and ECG of human subjects participating in indoor physical activities.