bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing use of surrogate outcome measures in randomized controlled trials investigating venous thromboembolism prophylaxis
Authors: Eshaghpour Ali , Li Allen , Park Jane , Cho Terry , Crowther Mark 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Outcome measures in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) can be classified as patient-important, surrogate and composite outcomes. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis trials often use surrogate or composite outcome measures, often involving radiographically detected and clinically asymptomatic VTE. The clinical relevance of such outcomes is controversial.Objective: To establish the prevalence of surrogate outcome measures in VTE prophylaxis trials.Methods: A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane (CENTRAL) databases from January 2000 to October 2020 was conducted. Any English-language VTE prophylaxis RCT with n>150 was included. Baseline characteristics, outcome measure, acknowledgement of limitations, and presence of VTE vs bleeding risk discussions were recorded. Binary logistic regression analysis was done to assess the relationship of impact factor, citation count, and sample size with surrogate outcome use. Results: 209 studies were included. 170 (81%) studies used a surrogate outcome measure. Of these studies, 34 (20%) acknowledged this as a potential limitation and 152 (89%) discussed bleeding vs thrombosis risk. There was no statistically significant relationship between citation count (ꞵ1OR=0.99; 95%CI=0.99-1.00; p=0.248) or sample size (ꞵ1OR=0.99, 95%CI=0.99-1.00, p=0.320) and use of a surrogate outcome compared with use of a clinical outcome. There was a statistically significant relationship between increased impact factor and use of a surrogate outcome (ꞵ1OR=0.98, 95%CI=0.97-0.99, p<0.05).Conclusion: Use of surrogate outcomes is prevalent in VTE prophylaxis literature and is rarely acknowledged. While using patient-important outcome measures may not be feasible in all settings, we recommended clinicians acknowledge the limitation of surrogate outcomes, especially when discussing bleeding vs thrombosis risk.
MiR-128-1-5p inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis via targeting PRKCQ in colorectal cancer
Authors: Jia Qingan , Liao Xia , Xu Binghui , Li Yufang , liang Lei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a type of highly conserved and endogenous noncoding RNA which can regulate various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration and metastasis. Aberrant expression of miR-128-5p, has been shown to be a key regulator in tumorigenesis and cancer development. But the role and the underlying molecular mechanisms of miR-128 in CRC still remain largely unknown.
Methods
The expression and clinical significances of miR-128-1-5p in colorectal cancer tissues and cell lines was quantified by qRT-PCR. Stably transfected cell lines were established by infecting SW620 and LOVO cells with lentiviruses. The functions of miR-128-1-5p were measured by CCK-8 assay, Annexin V- DY-634 PI Apoptosis Staining / Detection, and Xenograft model. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC), luciferase reporter assays and Bioinformatic Analysis were also used in this study.
Results
MiR-128-1-5p was downregulated in CRC and was associated with optimal survival in CRC. Overexpression of miR-128-1-5p inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis. Protein tyrosine kinase C theta isoform (PRKCQ) was a direct target of miR-128-1-5p and was involved in miR-128-1-5p-mediated proliferation and apoptosis.
Conclusions
These results provide novel insight into the role of miR-128-1-5p in CRC. Overexpression of miR-128-1-5p was associated with cell proliferation and apoptosis in CRC. Knockdown of miR-128-1-5p reduced CRC growth by modulating PRKCQ expression and is a possible new therapeutic target for patients with CRC.
Landslide disaster risk reduction through Bioengineering at Soldha, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh - A case study
Authors: Patial Sunanda , Kumar Vishvajit , Sharma Harsh , Mahajan Ambrish Kumar , Kumar Pawan , Negi Sushma 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Landslides is a major problem in the frontal part of the Himalayan region due to topographic variations, fragile lithology, thick overburden material, seismic activity, steep slope angle, high rate of precipitation during monsoon and anthropogenic activities. These landslides not only cause major damage to the property and life lines, but also disturb the natural fabric of the ecosystem by uprooting number of trees. Vegetation has the capability to protect the loose overburden soil by expanding their roots network and protect the soil from further erosion. The Soldha Land slide is one such zone, which had moved down slope by 30–40 m on 23rd October 2013 night after a prolonged rainfall from 15th June to 15th September 2013 and caused loss of property and ecosystem. The study of slope material shows its composition as well-graded sand and less than 30% gravels which reflected the weak and weathered condition. Since bioengineering technique is found to be very useful method in ameliorating slope stability and maintain ecological balance, therefore, the grain size and chemical analysis have been performed to understand its water holding capacity and type of nutrients and micronutrient present in the soil. The chemical parameters like pH, organic carbon, and macronutrients such as Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), and micronutrient Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn present in soil have been determined from 55 samples to suggest the type of plant to be planted for reducing the further landslide risk in the region.
Competing processes shape variable deep seafloor diversity between hemispheres
Authors: Carter Hugh , Bribiesca-Contreras Guadalupe , Williams Suzanne 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The deep sea is the last ecosystem for which patterns of biodiversity are poorly defined. The occurrence, strength, shape and drivers of distributional trends in species richness throughout the deep sea are broadly inconclusive and are poorly explored at a global scale1,2, but this environment faces accelerating pressures with a changing climate and as technological developments open it to human exploitation3,4. Historically, surveys of the deep ocean have been spatially limited and despite recent efforts, biological collections have been taken from <0.1% of the global seafloor5. Taking advantage of over 250 years of targeted sampling effort we compiled a curated dataset of >250,000 species-level coordinate records for the entire global, bathymetric and taxonomic extent of the benthic marine class Asteroidea. For the first time, we have produced a complete comparison of seafloor diversity between hemispheres and across major oceanic biogeographic realms. We reveal highly variable patterns of biodiversity by depth zone and substantial hemispheric divergence, explained in part by geographic, environmental, and taxonomic factors. Global shallow diversity peaks in tropical waters, closely matching seafloor temperature variation. Contrastingly, peaks of species richness shift towards temperate latitudes throughout bathyal and abyssal zones, and are better characterised by a combination of temperature and nutrient flux, with the relative importance of each factor differing between hemispheres and depth zones. Uniquely, we show deep-water biodiversity is restricted above a thermal threshold, with the coldest waters unable to support high species richness regardless of other factors. We also show for the first time that diversity differs enormously between hemispheres and Atlantic and Indo-West Pacific realms and find temperature, carbon flux and geographic complexity as main drivers for these differences. We therefore present a rare and valuable spatial description of biodiversity across the global oceans and describe patterns unlike those previously reported for shallow-water or terrestrial environments.
Seeded free-electron laser driven by a compact laser plasma accelerator
Authors: Labat Marie , Cadabag Jurjen Couperus , Ghaith Amin , Irman Arie , Berlioux Anthony , Berteaud Philippe , Blache Frédéric , Bock Stefan , Bouvet François , Briquez Fabien , Chang Yen-Yu , Corde Sébastien , Debus Alexander , De Oliveira Carlos , Duval Jean-Pierre , Dietrich Yannick , Ajjouri Moussa El , Eisenmann Christoph , gautier Julien , Gebhardt René , Grams Simon , Helbig Uwe , Herbeaux Christian , Hubert Nicolas , Kitegi Charles , Kononenko Olena , Kuntzsch Michael , LaBerge Maxwell , Lé Stéphane , Leluan Bruno , Loulergue Alexandre , Malka Victor , Marteau Fabrice , Guyen Manh Huy N , Oumbarek-Espinos Driss , Pausch Richard , Pereira Damien , Püschel Thomas , Ricaud Jean-Paul , Rommeluere Patrick , Roussel Eleonore , Rousseau Pascal , Schöbel Susanne , Sebdaoui Mourad , Steiniger Klaus , Tavakoli Keihan , Thaury Cedric , Ufer Patrick , Valléau Mathieu , Vandenberghe Marc , Vétéran José , Schramm Ulrich , Couprie Marie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Free-electron lasers generate high-brilliance coherent radiation at wavelengths spanning from the infrared to the X-ray domains. The recent development of short-wavelength seeded free-electron lasers now allows for unprecedented levels of control on longitudinal coherence[1], opening new scientific avenues as ultra-fast dynamics on complex systems and X-ray nonlinear optics. While those devices rely on state-of-the-art large-scale accelerators, advancements on laser-plasma accelerators, which harness giga-volt-per-centimeter accelerating fields, showcase a promising technology as compact drivers for free-electron lasers. Using such miniaturized accelerators, exponential amplification of a shot-noise type of radiation in a self-amplified spontaneous emission configuration was recently achieved [2]. However, employing this compact approach for the delivery of temporally coherent pulses in a controlled manner remained a major challenge. Here, we present the experimental demonstration of a laser-plasma accelerator driven free-electron laser in a seeded configuration, where control over the radiation wavelength is accomplished. Furthermore, the appearance of interference fringes, resulting from the interaction between the phase-locked emitted radiation and the seed, confirms longitudinal coherence. Building on our scientific achievements, we anticipate a straightforward scaling to extreme-ultraviolet wavelengths, paving the way towards university-scale free-electron lasers, unique tools for a multitude of applications.
[1] Meyer, M. FELs of europe: Whitebook on science with free electron lasers 8–19 (2016).
[2] Wang, W. et al. Free-electron lasing at 27 nanometres based on a laser wakefield accelerator.
Instructional Design and Educational Satisfaction for Virtual Environment Simulation in Undergraduate Nursing Education: The Mediating Effect of Learning Immersion
Authors: Park So Young , Kim Jung-Hee 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Schools were closed down after the onset of COVID-19, with non-face-to-face practices or distance education in nursing education replacing video learning or simulation classes in nursing education clinical practicum. This led to an increase in interest in virtual environment simulation education. While technology-based teaching methods might feel new and intriguing to learners, it is necessary to evaluate learner satisfaction with such an educational method beyond its novelty value. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the mediating effect of learning immersion on the relationships between instructional design and educational satisfaction for virtual environment simulation.
Methods
This study used a descriptive cross-sectional research design. The study sample included students in the third or fourth year of the nursing curriculum in South Korea. The participants were 164 nursing students who had an experience with virtual environment simulation practices during the past year before September 2021. Data were collected using an online questionnaire. The questionnaire addressed the characteristics of nursing students, instructional design, learning immersion and educational satisfaction. The collected data were analyzed using path analysis.
Results
The indirect effect of the path between instructional design and educational satisfaction mediated through learning immersion in virtual environment simulation was found to be significant. Furthermore, the direct path was also statistically significant.
Conclusion
Educational content based on virtual environment simulation should be implemented based on instructional design. It is necessary to recognize the importance of instructional design that can promote learning immersion in virtual environment simulation, as well as to prepare consistent standards for the instructional design.
Sensitivity Analysis of Nonlinear Frequency Response of Defected Structures
Authors: Saccani Alexander , Marconi Jacopo , Tiso Paolo , Braghin Francesco 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The computation of the steady state response of large finite element discretized systems subject to periodic excitations is unfeasible because of excessive run time and memory requirements. One could in principle resort to reduced order models stemming from the high fidelity counterparts, which typically require a solution time orders of magnitude smaller. However, when many simulations are required, as in the case of parametric studies, the overall effort could be still significant and the analysis process could be severely hindered. In this work, we propose a sensitivity approach to assess the influence of model parameters on the nonlinear dynamic response. As opposed to the costly evaluation of reduced order solutions over a range of excitation frequencies and model parameters, the sensitivities of a nominal response allows one to approximate the dynamic response by a simple evaluation of an expansion in the directions spanning the parameter space. Special care must be taken on the closure equation that needs to be appended to the system of equations stemming from the harmonic balance method. We discuss the limitations of the current constant frequency approach and propose an improvement. We demonstrate the merits of the proposed approach on a micro-electro-mechanical system affected by parameterized manufacturing defects. Leveraging from a previous contribution, the nonlinear response and the sensitivities are obtained from a reduced order model which is analytical in the defect parameters. Our procedure is able to deliver accurate probability density functions of quantities of interest (e.g. nonlinear resonance peaks, triple solution bandwidth, etc) against statistical distributions of manufacturing defects at negligible computational cost.
A new mechanical perspective on a shallow megathrust near-trench slip from the high-resolution fault model of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake
Authors: Kubota Tatsuya , Saito Tatsuhiko , Hino Ryota 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake generated a surprisingly large near-trench slip, and earth scientists have devoted significant attention to understanding why. Some studies proposed special rupture mechanisms, such as extensive dynamic frictional weakening; others simulated this near-trench slip behavior using standard rupture mechanics. However, we have not reached a decisive conclusion for this question due to limited spatial near-trench slip resolution. Hence, we quantitatively clarified the along-plate mechanical state by significantly improving the spatial resolution of the stress release distribution with the first use of tsunami data recorded just above the large slip area in addition to offshore and onshore geodetic data. A maximum slip of 53 m reaching the trench and an insignificant stress drop (< 3 MPa) at the shallowest portion of the plate were estimated, and our model suggested that dynamic friction at the shallow near-trench portion was low during the coseismic slip. This result provides novel perspectives on the shallow slip behavior along the plate boundary, in which the strain energy accumulation at the deep portion of the fault accounts for the anomalous large shallow slip, but shallow mechanical coupling does not. A large shallow slip has been considered as a result of the release of sufficiently large strain energy in the shallow portion of the plate interface, but we suggest that shallow slips similar to that during the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake may occur in any subduction zones where the energy accumulates only in the deeper portion.
Cre-mediated autoexision of selectable marker genes in soybean, cotton, canola and maize transgenic plants
Authors: Ye Xudong , Vaghchhipawala Zarir , Williams Edwards J. , Fu Changlin , Liu Jinyuan , Lu Fengming , Hall Erin L. , Guo Shirley X. , Frank LaRee , Gilbertson Larry A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Selectable marker genes are often required for efficient generation of transgenic plants in tissue culture transformation systems but are not desired once the transgenic events are obtained. We have developed Cre/loxP autoexcision systems to remove selectable marker genes in soybean, cotton, canola and maize. We tested a set of vectors with diverse promoters and identified promising promoters to drive cre expression for each of the four crops. We evaluated both the efficiency of generating primary transgenic events with low transgene copy numbers, and the frequency of marker-free progeny in the next generation. The best performing vectors gave no obvious decrease in the transformation frequency in each crop and generated homozygous marker-free progeny in the next generation. We found that effective expression of Cre recombinase for marker gene autoexcision can be species dependent. Among the vectors tested, the best autoexcision frequency (41%) in soybean transformation came from using the soybean RSP1 promoter for cre expression. The cre gene expressed by soybean RSP1 promoter with an Arabidopsis AtpE intron delivered the best autoexcision frequency (69%) in cotton transformation. The cre gene expressed by the embryo specific eUSP88 promoter from Vicia faba conferred the best marker excision frequency (32%) in canola transformation. Finally, the cre gene expressed by the rice CDC45-1 promoter resulted in 44% autoexcision in maize transformation. The Cre/loxP recombinase system enables the generation of selectable marker-free transgenic plants for commercial product development in four agriculturally important crops and provides further improvement opportunities for more specific and better marker excision efficiency.
A comparative analysis of the impact of online, blended, and face-to-face learning on medical students' clinical competency in the affective, cognitive, and psychomotor domains
Authors: Enoch Leanthea C. , Abraham Reina M. , Singaram Veena S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in South Africa compelled medical schools to switch to a purely online curriculum. The innovative changes transformed the standard clinical skills curriculum to increase learning transfer to bridge the theory-practice gap. The efficacy of this intervention remains unknown. This study aims to measure medical students' clinical competency in the affective, cognitive, and psychomotor domains by assessing clinical skills knowledge retention and transfer from the online platform compared to face-to-face and blended learning.Methods: A cross-sectional study assessed third-year medical students' knowledge retention and learning transfer in three domains of clinical skills competence. Data were obtained using a score sheet during a directly observed formative and summative Objective Structured Clinical Examination. One hundred and one third-year medical students volunteered for the formative onsite OSCE that tested the psychomotor domain. Two hundred and thirty-nine students were evaluated on the affective and cognitive domains in a summative online OSCE. The OSCE scores were analysed using descriptive statistics. The significance of the findings was evaluated by comparing OSCE scores with the pre-pandemic 2019 third-year medical students.Results: Statistically significant differences were found between the two cohorts of medical students from both years (p<0.05). The 2021 blended group’s (n=101) medians were 90%, 95%CI [86, 92], 82%, 95%CI [80, 85], and 87%, 95% CI [84, 90] for the psychomotor, affective, and cognitive skills, respectively. The e-learning group’s affective and cognitive skills medians were 78%, 95%CI [73, 79] and 76%, 95%CI [71, 78], respectively. The 2019 face-to-face group (n=249) achieved medians of 70%, 95% CI [69, 72] and 84%, 95%CI [82, 86] for the affective and psychomotor skills, respectively. Conclusion: Online medical students demonstrated near and far transfer bridging the theory-practice gap in three clinical skills domains. The blended group performed significantly better than the e-learning and face-to-face groups. Medical schools and educators play a vital role in overcoming learning challenges and achieving higher transfer levels by adopting multiple student-centered teaching delivery approaches and arranging immediate application opportunities. This study offers medical educators suggestions that encourage the transfer of online learning to face-to-face practice, decentralising medical education with a revised blended learning strategy.
Numerical study on the effect of supporting pile calculation methods in pile-anchor support system
Authors: Liu Xiaoyang , Chen Zhiguo , Wang Changming 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In numerical analysis, the pile calculation method is a key factor in foundation pit calculation results. However, the mechanism of different pile calculation methods in the foundation pit has remained unclear. To evaluate performances of different pile calculation methods in pile-anchor support system, four pile calculation methods (equivalent solid elements without interface (Mode1), equivalent solid elements with interface (Mode2), one-dimensional structural elements (Mode3), and two-dimensional plate elements (Mode4).)were used in a typical pile-anchor pit based on FLAC3D. Results show that: there is a great influence on the computational results for different pile calculation methods: (1) solid pile elements(Mode1 and Mode2), compared with structural pile elements(Mode3 and Mode4), displacements near pile are smaller, with the increase of excavation depth, stress concentration appeared in solid pile elements. (2) Solid support pile, with interface (Mode2) compared with without interface (Mode1), the former of that was less displacement, whereas more stress concentration around the pile, which leads special points stress paths around the solid pile to become irregular. (3) Regarding structural pile elements (Mode3 and Mode4), it suggested both modeling approaches have similar effect. For this foundation pit, Mode2 is more suitable. If Mode3 and Mode4 are used for this pit design, it will obviously exaggerate the actual displacement and overestimate the construction cost. The results of this paper can provide a deeper understanding of pile calculation in pile-anchor foundation pits numerical analysis.