bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Features of the course of COVID-19 in patients with comorbid pathology
Authors: Sharipova M. M. , Ivkina M. V. , Arkhangelskaia A. N. , Gurevich K. G. , Maev I. V. 
Published: April 2022

Comorbidity is an important problem of modern medicine, the study of which is a priority for public health. According to the literature, the prevalence of comorbidity reaches a third of the population in some countries, while there is a tendency for an increase in the number of such patients in all age groups. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the presence of comorbidity in patients is a significant risk factor affecting the course and prognosis of a new coronavirus infection; at the same time, it is comorbid patients who belong to the most vulnerable group. The review presents data indicating a significant impact of comorbid pathologies on an increase in the number of complications and mortality; the most common combinations of diseases in patients with a new coronavirus infection were analyzed. There is an increase in the prevalence of comorbidity in all age groups, which dictates the need to develop an integrated interdisciplinary approach for such patients. The vast majority of clinical guidelines for the treatment of comorbidities in COVID-19 are mainly focused on individual diseases, which limits the use of these algorithms in comorbid patients. Due to the high risk of contracting a viral infection, as well as the frequent development of complications and mortality in comorbid patients, preventive measures should be focused simultaneously on two tasks: measures aimed at preventing infection with COVID-19 and compensating for comorbid pathology. In the case of SARS-CoV-2 infection, careful monitoring of such patients, most often in a hospital setting, is necessary in order to prevent complications and adverse outcomes.
<I>CYP2D6</I> gene polymorphism effect on central hemodynamic parameters in patients with portal hypertension taking propranolol
Authors: Parusov A. I. , Loranskaya I. D. , Akmalova K. A. , Sozaeva Zh. A. , Turkina O. L. , Zastrozhin M. S. , Sychev D. A. 
Published: April 2022

Introduction. Despite the huge number of modern recommendations for the treatment of patients with liver cirrhosis, there is still no clear scheme for prescribing non-selective beta-blockers.Aim. To evaluate effect of polymorphic markers CYP2D6*3, CYP2D6*4, CYP2D6*10 and CYP2D6*41 carriage on central hemodynamics in patients with liver cirrhosis during propranolol therapy.Materials and methods. The study included 60 patients with liver cirrhosis who received propranolol therapy at a daily dose of 30 mg for 14 days. The efficacy of treatment was assessed by dynamic measurement of heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, ultrasonography measuring the linear blood flow velocity of portal vein. Genotyping of CYP2D6*3, CYP2D6*4, CYP2D6*10 and CYP2D6*41 was carried out by real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results and discussion. Positive hemodynamics in the form of a decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, an increase in the average linear blood flow velocity of the portal vein compared with the baseline was observed in 41 patients. SBP and DBP decreased by 8.05 mm Hg (p = 0.006) and 4.51 mm Hg (p = 0.037), respectively. Our regression analysis revealed the presence of a statistically significant effect of carriage of the CYP2D6*4 polymorphic marker on the therapeutic effect of propranolol (p < 0.05). No statistically significant effect of polymorphic markers CYP2D6*3, CYP2D6*10 and CYP2D6*41 was found (p > 0.05).Conclusion. The influence of carriage of the polymorphic marker CYP2D6*4 on the hemodynamic effect of propranolol in patients with liver cirrhosis of the Russian population was determined. In carriers of the homozygous GG genotype for CYP2D6*4, there is a more pronounced positive trend in lowering blood pressure during propranolol therapy, in contrast to patients with a heterozygous GA genotype. Based on the results of the study, the existing algorithm for personalizing the treatment of patients with liver cirrhosis with non-selective β-blockers using CYP2D6 genotyping was modernized.
In Vitro Antioxidant and Alpha-glucosidase Inhibition Activity of Polygonatum
verticillatum of Karnali, Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Achyut , Shretha Dipesh , Dhakal Kamal , Pokhrel Tamlal , Sharma Prabha 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that has become a major health issue
in the modern era due to long-term health consequences. α-amylase and α-glucosidase are the key
enzymes involved in the digestion of starchy foods, and the inhibition of these enzymes is regarded as
a postprandial hyperglycemia control strategy.

Objective:
The primary goal of this work is to examine the antioxidant activity as well as α-
glucosidase inhibitory activity of Polygonatum verticillatum rhizomes via in vitro test.

Method:
The in vitro α-glucosidase inhibition activity was performed using p-nitrophenyl-α-
Dglucopyranoside (PNPG) substrate. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging
assay was performed to estimate the antioxidant activity.

Results:
The in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of Polygonatum verticillatum was investigated
for the very first time. Of the three fractions and a crude extract, the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction disclosed
potent inhibition activity against α-glucosidase enzyme with an IC50 value of 22.3 ± 0.1 μg/mL.
Likewise, the IC50 values for dichloromethane (DCM) fraction and the crude extract against α-
glucosidase were reported at 34 ± 0.1 μg/mL and 402.2 ± 0.2 μg/mL, respectively. Similarly, the EA
fraction, crude extract, and DCM fraction disclosed promising antioxidant activity with IC50 = 55 ± 0.3
μg/mL, 171.5 ± 0.6 μg/mL, and 164.1 ± 3.4 μg/mL, respectively.

Conclusion:
These findings concluded that among the crude extract and fractions of Polygonatum
verticillatum of Nepalese origin, the EA fraction constituted a potent α-glucosidase inhibiting and antioxidant
agent. Further research is required to expose the inhibiting compounds.
CT Findings of the Massive Air Embolism in a Case with Thoracic Gunshot
Wound: A Special Case Report as if a Whole Body Pneumo-
Angiography was Performed
Authors: Zeynalova Amalya , Sanli Deniz E.T. , Agar Emir H. , Yildirim Duzgun , Tuzuner Filiz 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Massive systemic arterial air embolism (SAAE) associated with penetrating
trauma is a rare condition. A few cases were reported for massive arterial air embolism in the literature
. Computed tomography is a fast and easily accessible modality for detecting air in the vasculature. We
report CT findings of a rare case with a thoracic gunshot wound, which demonstrate air almost in all
systemic vessels like ‘‘full body pneumoangiography’’.

Case report:
A 42-year-old male patient with a thoracic gunshot wound was admitted to the Accident
and Emergency (A&E) unit in a state of cardiac arrest. Postmortem computed tomography (CT) was
performed and extensive air was revealed in several great vessels.

Conclusion:
We conclude that the underline causes of massive air embolism in our case are two main
mechanisms: firstly, massive air enters the vasculature via bronchovascular fistula as there was bilateral
lung contusion and directly through cardiac truncus, secondly while CPR was being conducted,
massive air was pumped to the systemic circulation.
Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) and COVID-19 Pandemic in Africa:
Special Focus on Control Strategies
Authors: Alexiou Athanasios , Aborode Abdullahi Tunde , Fajemisin Emmanuel Adebowale , Aiyenuro Emmanuel Ademola , Alakitan Muhammad Tobiloba , Ariwoola Matthew Olaide , Imisioluwa Jegede Oluwatoyin , Rafiu Raheemt 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) are a group of twenty (20) chronic, communicable,
infectious diseases endemic to the tropics and sub-tropics climate countries, which are intimately
associated with poverty, poor sanitation, limited clean water, and healthcare delivery; and dwellers
live in proximity to pathogens and diseases vectors. The pathogens are protozoans, bacteria, helminths,
fungi, and viruses. NTDs currently affect about one billion people globally, out of which
500 million are Africans living in rural settlements with low political voice and support. In recent
years, NTDs have received little research recognition, development, and funding because more research
efforts by global health stakeholders are focused on recognized diseases like cancers, hepatitis,
tuberculosis, Acquired Immune-Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), and malaria that affects most
developed countries. The emergence of the viral novel COVID-19 will exacerbate the burden of
NTDs on disadvantaged communities as global health efforts are again focused on COVID-19
clearance in terms of research and development to find a drug/vaccine amidst other investigations
on recognized infections. This development can result in high death tolls due to NTDs if control
measures are not prioritized now. This perspective addresses the need for NTDs control amidst
COVID-19 clearance efforts to mitigate another viral health crisis in Africa.
Knowledge and Perception Regarding Ketogenic Diet Among Students of
College of Nursing, Medicine and Applied Medical Sciences at Northern
Border University, Arar, KSA
Authors: Fatima Waseem , Naif Alanazi Danah Fudhayl , Alanazi Norah Badar , Zaidi Rizwan Fatima , Ansari Mohd. Imran 
Published: April 2022

Background:
The Ketogenic diet has gained popularity, especially among college students in the past few years, mainly as a strategy for fast weight losse but due to lack of appropriate knowledge of ketogenic diet plan might affect their overall health. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate knowledge and perception about ketogenic diet among students of three different faculties of Northern Border University, Arar, KSA.

Methods:
The present study had a cross sectional study design and a total of 303 (214 female and 89 males) students were contacted between 15 February and 20 March, 2021. A self-administered online (Google form) questionnaire was used to investigate socio-demographic data as well as student’s knowledge and perception about the ketogenic diet.

Results:
The majority of the participants, 197 (65%) know that ketogenic diet compise of high fat, moderate protein, and low carbohydrate. The main therapeutic aim for adopting a ketogenic diet was weight loss for 153 participants (50.3%), whereas 115 (38%) of them adopted it for treating poly cystic ovary (PCOD) and only 84 (27. 7%) for controlling diabetes. The source of knowledge about the ketogenic diet was primarily social media 199 (65.9%), and only 82 (27.2%) adopted it after consultation from a dietitian. However, 72 particiants (23.8%) believed that the ketogenic diet did not have any adverse effects on the human body.

Conclusion:
The result of the present study indicates that students had convincing knowledge and perception about the ketogenic diet as well as its therapeutic uses. However, pre-diet counseling is imperative for everyone to know every aspect and correct technique for carrying out this diet.
Prognostic Significance of Hypertriglyceridemia in Patients at High and
Very High Cardiovascular Risk Depending on the Concentration of Highsensitivity
C-reactive Protein
Authors: Genkel Vadim , Kuznetsova Alla , Pykhova Lubov , Nikushkina Karina , Savochkina Albina , Dolgushin Ilya , Shaposhnik Igor 
Published: April 2022

Background:
It has been established that an increase in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein levels is
associated with the development of systemic low-grade inflammation. Data on the prognostic role of hypertriglyceridemia
(HTG) dependent on the state of low-grade inflammation are limited.

Objective:
The study’s objective was to evaluate the predictive value of mild-to-moderate HTG (2.3-
11.2 mmol/L) regarding the development of cardiovascular events in patients at high and very high
cardiovascular risk (CVR), depending on the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) values.

Methods:
The study included 185 patients with high and very high CVR. The concentration of
hsCRP in blood serum was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The combined
endpoint was cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction or unstable angina (which
required hospitalization), nonfatal stroke, and coronary revascularization.

Results:
HTG was revealed in 17.3% of the patients. An increase in hsCRP ≥2.0 mg/L was observed
in 51.9% of the patients. The event-free survival of patients with HTG was not statistically different
from that in patients with TG <2.3 mmol/L (RR 1.61; 95% CI 0.86-3.00; p=0.133). In the subgroup
of patients with hsCR<2.0 mg/L, patients with HTG were not significantly different from patients
without HTG. In the subgroup of patients with hsCRP≥2.0 mg/L, the presence of HTG was associated
with a 4.63 times increase in the RR of adverse cardiovascular events (95% CI 1.35-15.8;
p=0.015) after adjusting for potential confounders.

Conclusion:
In patients with high and very high CVR, an increase in TG ≥2.3 mmol/L was associated
with the development of adverse cardiovascular events only in the subgroup of patients with an
increase in hsCRP ≥2.0 mg/L. The presence of HTG was associated with a 4.63 times increase in RR
of adverse cardiovascular events (95% CI 1.35-15.8; p=0.015).
PIASA, A Novel Peptide, Prevents SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells against
Rotenone-induced Toxicity
Authors: Namasivayam Elangovan , Sulthana Ahmed Sha , Balakrishnan Rengasamy , Renuka Mani , Mohankumar Thangavel , Manimaran Dharmar , Arulkumar Kuppamuthu 
Published: April 2022

Background and Objective:
This investigation explores the neuroprotective effect of PIASA,
a newly designed peptide, VCSVY, in in-silico and in opposition to rotenone stimulated oxidative stress,
mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in an SH-SY5Y cellular model.

Methods:
Docking and visualization of the PIASA and rotenone were progressed against mitochondrial
respiratory complex I (MCI). The in-silico analysis showed PIASA to have interaction with the binding
sites of rotenone, which may reduce the rotenone interaction and its toxicity too. The SH-SY5Y cells
were segregated into four experimental groups: Group I: untreated control cells; Group II: rotenone-only
(100 nM) treated cells; Group III: PIASA (5 μM) + rotenone (100 nM) treated cells; and Group IV:
PIASA-only (5 μM) treated cells.

Results:
We evaluated the cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species
(ROS), apoptosis (dual staining technique), nuclear morphological changes (Hoechst staining technique),
the expressions of BAX, Bcl-2, cyt c, pro-caspase 3, and caspase 3, -6, -8, -9, and cleaved caspase
3 by western blot analysis. In SH-SY5Y cells, we further observed the cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and
mitochondrial dysfunction in rotenone-only treated cells, whereas pretreatment of PIASA attenuated the
rotenone-mediated toxicity. Moreover, rotenone toxicity is caused by complex I inhibition, which leads
to mitochondrial dysfunction, increased BAX expression, while downregulating the Bcl-2 expression and
cyt c release, and then finally, caspases activation. PIASA pretreatment prevented the cytotoxic effects
via the normalization of apoptotic marker expressions influenced by rotenone. In addition, pre-clinical
studies are acceptable in rodents to make use of PIASA as a revitalizing remedial agent, especially for
PD in the future.

Conclusion:
Collectively, our results propose that PIASA mitigated rotenone-stimulated oxidative
stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in rotenone-induced SH-SY5Y cells.
Assessing the electrical property of carbon nanotube reinforced oxide ceramic matrix composites produced by ceramic injection moulding
Authors: Bouhamed Ayda , Ramalingame Rajarajan , Zhang Yu , Naifar Slim , Preuß Andrea , Roder Kristina , Nestler Daisy , Kanoun Olfa , Kroll Lothar 
Published: April 2022

Owing to its remarkable properties, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are attracting the interest for realization of sensors.
The potential of MWCNTs for high temperature sensing applications was investigated by integration within reinforced aluminium oxide ceramic composite. MWCNTs up to 2 wt% were mixed with reinforced aluminum oxide ceramic composite using solution mixing method to ensure good homogeneilty of the oxide ceramic composite powders. Specimens were realized using ceramic injection moulding process (CIM) followed by debinding and sintering procedures. The topography of specimens were examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Electrical measurements were also carried out.
The results show good demouldability at high MWCNTs concentration and homogenous distribution of the MWCNTs within the oxide ceramic matrix. AFM images illustrate the reduction of surface roughness by increasing the MWCNTs content which demonstrates the role of MWCNTs to improve the fracture resistance of the oxide ceramic matrix composite. As well, the electrical resistance of the feedstocks were reduced sharply. After sintering process, the resistance range drops enormously from M Ω to reach 12.1 Ω at low MWCNTs content; which make them suitable to be as electrode with high temperature capability. The electrical resistance temperature dependency shows a negative temperature coefficient behaviour with negligible resistance change.
Peer Mentoring Program for Informal Caregivers of Homebound Individuals With Advanced Parkinson Disease (Share the Care): Protocol for a Single-Center, Crossover Pilot Study
Authors: Fleisher Jori E , Akram Faizan , Lee Jeanette , Klostermann Ellen C , Hess Serena P , Myrick Erica , Levin Melissa , Ouyang Bichun , Wilkinson Jayne , Hall Deborah A , Chodosh Joshua 
Published: April 2022

Background
Homebound individuals with advanced Parkinson disease (PD) require intensive caregiving, the majority of which is provided by informal, family caregivers. PD caregiver strain is an independent risk factor for institutionalization. There are currently no effective interventions to support advanced PD caregivers. Studies in other neurologic disorders, however, have demonstrated the potential for peer mentoring interventions to improve caregiver outcomes. In the context of an ongoing trial of interdisciplinary home visits, we designed and piloted a nested trial of caregiver peer mentoring for informal caregivers of individuals with advanced PD.

Objective
The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of peer mentoring for caregivers of homebound individuals with advanced PD and to evaluate its effects on anxiety, depression, and caregiver strain.

Methods
This was a single-center, 16-week pilot study of caregiver peer mentoring nested within a year-long controlled trial of interdisciplinary home visits. We recruited 34 experienced former or current family caregivers who completed structured mentor training. Caregivers enrolled in the larger interdisciplinary home visit trial consented to receive 16 weeks of weekly, one-to-one peer mentoring calls with a trained peer mentor. Weekly calls were guided by a curriculum on advanced PD management and caregiver support. Fidelity to and satisfaction with the intervention were gathered via biweekly study diaries. Anxiety, depression, and caregiver strain were measured pre- and postmentoring intervention at home visits 2 and 3.

Results
Enrollment and peer-mentor training began in 2018, and 65 caregivers enrolled in the overarching trial. The majority of mentors and mentees were White, female spouses or partners of individuals with PD; mentors had a mean of 8.7 (SD 6.4) years of caregiving experience, and 33 mentors were matched with at least 1 mentee.

Conclusions
This is the first study of caregiver peer mentoring in PD and may establish an adaptable and sustainable model for disease-specific caregiver interventions in PD and other neurodegenerative diseases.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03189459; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03189459

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/34750
Accessibility and Openness to Diabetes Management Support With Mobile Phones: Survey Study of People With Type 1 Diabetes Using Advanced Diabetes Technologies
Authors: Lin Yu Kuei , Richardson Caroline , Dobrin Iulia , Pop-Busui Rodica , Piatt Gretchen , Piette John 
Published: April 2022

Background
Little is known about the feasibility of mobile health (mHealth) support among people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using advanced diabetes technologies including continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems and hybrid closed-loop insulin pumps (HCLs).

Objective
This study aims to evaluate patient access and openness to receiving mHealth diabetes support in people with T1D using CGM systems or HCLs.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey among patients with T1D using CGM systems or HCLs managed in an academic medical center. Participants reported information regarding their mobile device use; cellular call, SMS text message, or internet connectivity; and openness to various channels of mHealth communication (smartphone apps, SMS text messages, and interactive voice response [IVR] calls). Participants’ demographic characteristics and CGM data were collected from medical records. The analyses focused on differences in openness to mHealth and mHealth communication channels across groups defined by demographic variables and measures of glycemic control.

Results
Among all participants (N=310; female: n=198, 63.9%; mean age 45, SD 16 years), 98.1% (n=304) reported active cellphone use and 80% (n=248) were receptive to receiving mHealth support to improve glucose control. Among participants receptive to mHealth support, 98% (243/248) were willing to share CGM glucose data for mHealth diabetes self-care assistance. Most (176/248, 71%) were open to receiving messages via apps, 56% (139/248) were open to SMS text messages, and 12.1% (30/248) were open to IVR calls. Older participants were more likely to prefer SMS text messages (P=.009) and IVR calls (P=.03) than younger participants.

Conclusions
Most people with T1D who use advanced diabetes technologies have access to cell phones and are receptive to receiving mHealth support to improve diabetes control.