bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The turbulent future – a breath of fresh air
Authors: Stjern Camilla , Hodnebrog Øivind , Pisso Ignacio , Myhre Gunnar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Ventilation of aerosol pollution within the planetary boundary layer (PBL) is dependent upon turbulent mixing, closely linked to the height of the PBL. Here, we show that emissions of both CO2 and absorbing aerosols influence the number of severe air pollution episodes through a boundary layer feedback loop, impacting turbulence and PBL height. While absorbing aerosols are known to cause increased boundary layer stability and reduced turbulence through atmospheric heating, we find CO2 to have the opposite effect over land through surface warming. Using the CMIP6 ensemble we find that in future scenarios with increasing CO2 and reduced aerosol emissions, around 10% of the world’s population currently living in regions with high pollution levels are likely to experience a particularly strong increase in turbulence and PBL height, and thus a reduction in intense pollution events. Our results clearly underline the importance of BC mitigation for reducing the most severe exposures to air pollution.
Analysis of chemical, Ion Slip, and thermal radiation effects on an Unsteady MHD Dusty fluid flow with heat and mass transfer through a Porous Media between parallel plates
Authors: Abbas Wael , Khaled Osama , Beshir Salah , Abdeen Mostafa , Elshabrawy Mohamed 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The study of the flow of dusty fluids has attracted considerable in recent years due to their extensive use in many applications in industries such as combustion, gas cooling systems, polymer technology, transport processes, and the petroleum industry. This study aims to analyze the flow with heat and mass transfer of an unsteady Magneto-hydrodynamic dusty fluid. Accordingly, combined influences of chemical and thermal radiation, Hall, ion slip, Joule, and viscous dissipation on heat mass transfer and fluid flows are given. The governing partial differentials are solved numerically. The velocity, temperature, and concentration distributions for both the fluid and particle phases are investigated under the effects of different physical parameters and discussed with the help of graphs. The results indicate that these parameters play an important role to control the solutions. The thermal radiation parameter implies efficiency improvement of temperature distribution.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of mothers regarding infant feeding in Lebanon
Authors: Chehade Christina , Soubra Sara , Dano Dominique 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Breastmilk provides all nutrients, immunologic agents, hormones and antibodies that protect the infant from certain diseases and infections. Many barriers can make it difficult for mothers to initiate and maintain breastfeeding. It is important that pregnant women develop a positive attitude, sufficient knowledge and proper practices to ensure breastfeeding for their newborns and consequently impact the health of the community. Method: This study aims at assessing knowledge, attitude and practices of Lebanese mothers regarding infant feeding. A cross-sectional, online survey- based study was conducted on a group of 254 Lebanese mothers to elicit data about regarding infant feeding. Statistical analysis was carried out using the statistical software SPSS, version 22.0. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were performed to identify associated factors of good knowledge, good attitude, and good practices. Results: 78.3% of participants reported good knowledge while 21.7% showed poor knowledge, 69% reported a good attitude while 31% showed a poor attitude, and 78 (30.7%) reported good practice, while 176 (69.3%) showed poor practice. Education level and health problems during pregnancy were associated with BF knowledge (P-value less than 0.05). Age (p-value= 0.04), marital status (p-value = 0.016), educational level (p-value = 0.03), religiosity (p-value = 0.003), time since last delivery (p-value = 0.01), and knowledge score were significantly associated with attitude score. Practice scores showed a significant association with the following factors: religiosity (p-value = 0.01), family income per month (p-value= 0.012), and attitude score (p-value ˂0.0001). Conclusions: Breastfeeding education and support should be accessible to all women, especially ones with low educational qualifications and no past breastfeeding experience.
Health-Related Quality of life in predialysis patients with chronic kidney disease: the role of Big-Five personality traits and illness denial
Authors: Pugi Daniele , Ferretti Fabio , Galeazzi Maddalena , Gualtieri Giacomo , Lorenzi Lore , Pappalardo Niccolò , Macrì Pasquale Giuseppe , Garosi Guido , Coluccia Anna , Pozza Andrea 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background. Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is significantly affected, regardless of the stage of the disease, as regards the physical, psychological and social functioning dimension. Big-Five personality traits can affect patients’ HRQoL and willingness to take treatment options. Illness denial consists of denial of negative emotions, resistance to change and conscious avoidance. No study investigated illness denial and personality traits simultaneously. We investigated the role of illness denial and Big-Five personality traits in the domains of HRQoL in predialysis patients with CKD.Methods. One hundred adults (mean age: 75.87 years) with CKD participated. Poorer HRQoL can predict a higher risk of hospitalization and mortality, and broadly a worse adjustment to the dialytic therapy. Thus, a clearer knowledge of the psychological variables associated with a worse HRQoL in the predialysis stage might improve the interventions planning. The Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short form (KDQOL-SF), the Italian version of Ten Item Personality Inventory (I-TIPI), the Illness Denial Questionnaire (IDQ), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form-Y (STAI-Y) were administered. Results. Illness denial was associated with increased HRQoL in symptoms, effect, burden of kidney disease and cognitive functions domains, and it was a predictor of higher HRQoL in the last three domains mentioned above. Extraversion was related to better work status and sexual function; agreeableness was linked to elevated cognitive function, quality of social interaction and sexual function; conscientiousness was related to better sexual function; neuroticism was linked to improved cognitive and sexual functions; in the end, openness to experience was related to fewer symptoms and problems.Conclusions. This is the first study which simultaneously assessed Big-Five personality traits and illness denial in different domains of HRQoL of CKD patients. Personalised psychological interventions aimed at improving HRQoL in this population might focus on specific illness denial processes and personality traits.
Informal use of instant messaging apps as a telemedicine platform among pediatricians - a cross-sectional national study
Authors: Goffer Yonatan , Landau Daniel , Berger Itay , Levinsky Yoel , Vardy Yoav , Chodick Gabriel , Lowenthal Alexander , Ashkenazi-Hoffnung Liat , Scheuerman Oded 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Informal telemedicine consultations via instant messaging apps among physicians pose certain ethical and legal risks. Data regarding its use is scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the extent of use of instant messaging apps as medical consultation platform among pediatricians and its possible risks and benefits.Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study conducted in Israel from August to November, 2019. Data were obtained through questionnaires filled by pediatricians. The frequency of informal consultations, clinical features and recommendations given, were compared according to the pediatrician's expertise (resident Vs specialist) and place of work (hospital Vs community).Results: Three hundred and five pediatricians with a median age of 37 years (range 27-74) filled questionnaires; 129 pediatric residents and 176 specialists. Of them 302 (99.3%) reported giving informal consultations using instant messaging app on a regular basis. The majority (65%) reported 1-5 consultations/week. Certified pediatricians were more likely to give multiple consultations (10 or more/week) compared to residents (24% vs 5.4%, p<0.001), and they were more likely to advice patient for treatment (35% vs. 22%, respectively, p<0.001). Media files were attached in 72% of cases. No disclaimer regarding the risks associated with the informal consultation was added in 33% of the consultations.Conclusions: Informal medical consultation by instant messaging apps is very common, especially among certified pediatricians. The use of attached confidential media is common. Ethical and legal aspects are not fully considered. Guidelines are urgently needed.
Multiplexed optical differentiator enabled by single-size nanostructured metasurface
Authors: Liang Xiao , Zhou Zhou , Li Zile , Li Jiaxin , Peng Chang , Cui Hao , Wei Kai , He Zhixue , Yu Shaohua , Zheng Guoxing 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Current optical differentiators are generally limited to realize a single differential function once fabricated. Herein, we demonstrate a multiplexed differentiator (1st- and 2nd-order differentiations) with a Malus metasurface consisting of single-sized nanostructures, which improves the functionality of optical computing devices without at the cost of complex design and nanofabrication. We experimentally verify the dual functionality of meta-differentiator and further demonstrate its multifunctional ability of simultaneous outline detection and edge positioning under the two different differentiation modes. Our study provides a paradigm for the design of multiplexed optical computing devices, which creates new opportunities for their applications in advanced medical imaging, large-scale defect detection, and high-speed pattern recognition, etc.
The correlation between promoter methylation status and expression of KLF9 and MYH11 in Schizophrenia
Authors: Davarinejad Omran , Foruzandeh Zahra , Golmohammadi Farzaneh , Alivand MohammadReza , Rahmati Yazdan , Akhavan-Sigari Reza 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In the current study, Methylation and expression microarray data related to Schizophrenia (SCZ) were analyzed to identify genes whose aberrant promoter methylation could play a crucial role in the dysregulation of gene expression. After data analysis, two genes including KLF9 and MYH11 were identified. Considering CpG sites in the promoter region of the mentioned genes using Methprimer database, Bisulfite specific primer (BSP) was designed, and Methylation specific-high resolution melting (MS-HRM) analysis was performed to assess the promoter methylation status of the genes, and also real-time PCR was used to evaluate mRNA expression level of KLF9 and MYH11 in 50 SCZ and healthy control specimens. The results show 62% hypermethylation and 38% hypomethylation of KLF9 in SCZ samples and 34% hypermethylation and 66% hypomethylation in healthy control samples. MYH11 promoter shows 54% hypermethylation and 46% hypomethylation in SCZ samples while 28% hypermethylation and 72% hypomethylation in healthy controls. The result of real-time PCR shows downregulation of KLF9 and MYH11 in SCZ samples compared with healthy samples. The aberrant methylation has a direct effect on the expression of mentioned genes.
Environmental Regulations and Outward Foreign Direct Investment—Empirical Evidence from Chinese Enterprises
Authors: Yang Lu , Zhang Haibo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In the context of the new economic normal, environmental protection and economic growth have become the focus of academic attention. This paper explores the effect and impact mechanism of environmental regulations on the outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) of enterprises by using data from the China Industrial Enterprise Database and the Directory of Overseas Investment Enterprises (Institutions) for years 2004 to 2010. The findings are summarised as follows. Firstly, environmental regulations have a significant positive effect on the OFDI of Chinese enterprises, and this result remains robust after considering the outcomes of robustness tests and endogeneity issues. Secondly, the promotion effect of environmental regulations on the OFDI of Chinese enterprises obviously differs across investment motivations and industry characteristics. Thirdly, productivity gains are important channels through which environmental regulations promote the OFDI of enterprises. These findings have great significance for the effective formulation of environmental regulatory policies and the stable development of the OFDI of Chinese enterprises.
Efficacy of Bone Stimulators in Large-Animal Models and Humans may be Limited by Weak Electric Fields Reaching Fracture
Authors: Verma Nishant , Le Todd , Mudge Jonah , Nicksic Peter J. , Xistris Lillian , Kasole Maisha , Shoffstall Andrew J. , Poore Samuel O. , Ludwig Kip A. , Dingle Aaron M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Noninvasive electronic bone growth stimulators (EBGS) have been in clinical use for decades. However, systematic reviews show inconsistent and limited clinical efficacy. Further, noninvasive EBGS studies in small animals, where the stimulation electrode is closer to the fracture site, have shown promising efficacy, which has not translated to large animals or humans. We propose that this is due to the weaker electric fields reaching the fracture site when scaling from small animals to large animals and humans. To address this gap, we measured the electric field strength reaching the bone during noninvasive EBGS therapy in human and sheep cadaver legs and in validated finite element method (FEM) models of human and sheep legs. During application of 1,100 V/m with an external EBGS, only 21 V/m reached the fracture site in humans. Substantially weaker electric fields reached the fracture site during the later stages of healing and at increased bone depths. To augment the electric field strength reaching the fracture site during noninvasive EBGS therapy, we introduced the Injectrode, an injectable electrode that spans the distance between the bone and subcutaneous tissue. Our study lays the groundwork to improve the efficacy of noninvasive EBGSs by increasing the electric field strength reaching the fracture site.Shared last authors are Dingle and Ludwig
Bio-enhanced Granular-Activated Carbon Dynamic Biofilm Reactor for Greywater Treatment: Biofilm Growth, Performance and Mechanisms
Authors: Zhou Yun , Wang Ziqi , Yang Ying , Xiang Wanchen , Wu Beibei , Cui Xiaocai 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The potential of source-diverted greywater (GW) reuse mainly rely on the efficiency and cost of GW treatment technology. Oxygen (O2) supply and utilization rate directly determines the energy consumption and pollutants removal rate in the biological GW treatment. This study developed an effective, gravity flow self-supplying O2 and easy-to-maintain bio-enhanced granular-activated carbon dynamic biofilm reactor (BhGAC-DBfR) for on-site GW treatment. Results showed that increasing of saturated/unsaturated ratio led to the continuous growth of biomass on GAC surface. Division of saturated and unsaturated zones favors the formation of aerobic-anoxic-anaerobic biofilm in the reactor. A saturated/unsaturated ratio of 1:1.1 achieved the maximum removal rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD), linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS), ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen at 98.3, 99.4, 99.8 and 83.5%, respectively. Key is that adsorption and biodegradation play important and distinct roles in the quick uptake and continuous removal of both organics and N in the system. The related genus and enzymes functional for LAS mineralization, deamination of organic N, ammonium oxidation, and nitrate respiration enabled the efficient and simultaneous removal of organics and N in the BhGAC-DBfR. This study offers a promising engineering alternative technology with great potential to achieve efficient and low-energy-input GW treatment.
To investigate and compare the wing planform’s effect on the aerodynamic parameters of aircraft wings using computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
Authors: Khan Salman , Malik Muhammad Sohail , Junaid Massab , Jafry Ali Turab 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A high lift wing’s design is a critical aerodynamic parameter of aircraft. Research has been performed to enhance the wing performance by altering the wing planform, out-of-plan transformation, and airfoil modification. Herein, the wing planforms, airflow velocity (5 – 35 m/s), and their effect on aerodynamic parameters as a function of an angle of attack (-20° - +50°) are investigated numerically. The NACA 0012 profile 3D wing with varying aspects, taper ratios, and sweptback angles is investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The study exposed that, a rectangular wing has a high lift and drag coefficient among all the wing planforms. It also reveals that there will be no lift generation for symmetric airfoil at an angle of attack (AoA) of 0°. Furthermore, the effect of changing the leading-edge sweptback angle (LESA) on the lift and drag is prominent at higher AoA. It changes airflow from wing root to wing tip however, it also increases the tip vortices. The lift and drag increase with the increase of flow velocity and taper ratio (TR) and becomes more prominent after an AoA of 9°. Similarly, with the increase of aspect ratio (AR), lift and drag decrease to a certain limit (in this case AR 10), beyond this limit, it starts increasing with an increase in AR and its effect is more visible at an AoA of 15°. The TR and LESA are the best parameters for the aircraft wing to get better flight conditions depending upon the applications.
SOX10 Expression Levels may be a Critical Mediator of White Matter Deficits in Schizophrenia
Authors: Cohen Bruce , McPhie Donna , Ren Boyu , Garcıa-Leon Juan , Verfaillie Catherine 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Abnormalities of brain connectivity are consistently observed in individuals with schizophrenias (SZ). Underlying these anomalies, convergent in vivo, post-mortem, and genomic evidence suggest abnormal oligodendrocyte (OL) development and function, including lower in vivo myelination in SZ. Using patient derived induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs), we previously observed a significant and substantial reduction in the number of OLs produced in cells from the SZ group compared to the healthy control (HC) group. We also observed a correlation between white matter (WM) estimated in brain in vivo and the number of OLs produced in vitro. We have now characterized potential mediators that may contribute to the SZ-associated deficit in OL production. We ran quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCRs) to detect group-specific differences in key myelin pathway proteins. Significant reductions of PAX6 and SOX10 expression were seen in the SZ group. We focused on SOX10 since one of its functions is the commitment of precursor cells to an oligodendrocyte fate. Using an inducible lentiviral system, we expressed SOX10 in patterned neural stem cells (NSCs) and quantified the number of OLs produced. Expression of SOX10 rescued the SZ-associated deficit in OL production, indicating that reduced SOX10 may be a critical mediator of OL dysfunction in SZ. We then ran qRT-PCRs to screen mRNAs for three proteins (SOX9, QK1 and FEZ1) whose expression was directly influenced by SOX10 or directly influenced the expression of SOX10. We saw significant reductions of SOX9 expression and a reduction in QK1 expression in the SZ group. RNAseq analysis confirmed these gene expression changes.
Effects of a targeted resistance intervention compared to a sham intervention on gluteal muscle hypertrophy, fatty infiltration and strength in people with hip osteoarthritis: analysis of secondary outcomes from a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Rostron Zachary P.J. , Zacharias Anita , Semciw Adam I. , Kingsley Michael , Pizzari Tania , Woodley Stephanie J. , Green Rodney 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: People with hip osteoarthritis are typically offered a combination of education and exercise to address muscle atrophy and weakness. Limited evidence exists to assess the efficacy of exercise programs on muscle structure or function in this population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of targeted resistance exercise on gluteal muscle hypertrophy and strength in people with mild-to-moderate hip osteoarthritis. Methods: Twenty-seven participants with radiologically confirmed hip osteoarthritis recruited from a single site of a multi-site, double-blind clinical trial were randomly allocated to receive a 12-week targeted gluteal intervention or sham intervention. Magnetic resonance imaging and hand-held dynamometry were used to determine change in gluteal muscle volume, fatty infiltration and hip muscle strength. For gluteal muscle volume and strength outcomes mixed model analyses of variance (ANOVA) were conducted. A general linear model (ANOVA) analysis with fixed effects parameter estimates was used to assess the impact of sex on gluteal muscle size and strength of the affected limb only. For muscle fat index a mixed method ANOVA was used to assess the differences between groups and over time.Results: In the targeted intervention group, gluteus minimus volume increased from baseline to post-intervention in both limbs (pooled mean difference: 0.06 cm3/kg, 95% confidence interval: 0.01 to 0.11) while no change occurred in the sham group (time x group effect: P=0.025). Gluteus medius, gluteus maximus and tensor fascia lata volume did not change significantly over time. Hip strength (abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, external and internal rotation) improved similarly in both groups (time main effect: P≤0.042). There was a consistent, albeit non-significant, pattern of reduced fatty infiltration after the targeted intervention. Conclusion: Targeted resistance exercise resulted in gluteus minimus hypertrophy, but improvements in hip strength occurred in both groups. Clinicians delivering hip osteoarthritis rehabilitation programs might consider implementing a targeted exercise program to attenuate disease associated changes within gluteal muscles. Trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ID: ACTRN12617000970347. Registered prospectively on 5 July 2017.