bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutting down, quitting and motivation to stop smoking by self‐reported COVID‐19 status: Representative cross‐sectional surveys in England
Authors: Cox Sharon , Tattan‐Birch Harry , Jackson Sarah E. , Dawkins Lynne , Brown Jamie , Shahab Lion 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimTo examine the association of self‐reported COVID‐19 disease status with cutting down, past‐month and past‐year quit attempts and motivation to stop smoking.Design and settingRepeat cross‐sectional survey, representative of the adult population in England.ParticipantsPast‐year smokers, n = 3338 (aged ≥ 18 years) responding between May 2020 and April 2021.MeasurementsOutcomes were (i) currently cutting down, (ii) having made a quit attempt in the past month, (iii) having made a quit attempt in the past year and (iv) motivation to stop smoking. The explanatory variable was self‐reported COVID‐19 disease status (belief in never versus ever had COVID‐19). Covariates included age, sex, occupational grade, region, children in the household, alcohol use and survey month.FindingsOf past‐year smokers, 720 (21.6%) reported past‐COVID‐19 infection and 48 (1.4%) reported current COVID‐19 infection. In adjusted analyses, rates of currently cutting down [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.93–1.34], past‐year quit attempts (aOR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.82–1.19) and motivation to stop smoking (aOR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.89–1.23) were comparable in those who did and did not report ever having had COVID‐19. People who reported ever having had COVID‐19 had 39% higher odds than those without of attempting to quit in the past month, but the confidence interval contained the possibility of no difference (aOR = 1.39, 95% CI = 0.94–2.06) and for some the quit attempt may have occurred before they had COVID‐19.ConclusionDuring the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic in England, rates of reducing smoking and attempting to quit in the past year were similar in smokers who did or did not self‐report ever having had COVID‐19. There was also little difference in motivation to stop smoking between groups. However, causal interpretation is limited by the study design, and there is potential misclassification of the temporal sequence of infection and changes to smoking behaviour.
Opium tincture versus methadone for opioid agonist treatment: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nikoo Mohammadali , Kianpoor Kiana , Nikoo Nooshin , Javidanbardan Sanam , Kazemi Alireza , Choi Fiona , Vogel Marc , Gholami Ali , Tavakoli Saeed , Wong James S. H. , Moazen‐Zadeh Ehsan , Givaki Reza , Jazani Majid , Mohammadian Fatemeh , Moghaddam Nader Markazi , Schütz Christian , Jang Kerry , Akhondzadeh Shahin , Krausz Michael 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimTo test if opium tincture (OT) was non‐inferior to methadone in retaining participants in opioid agonist treatment (OAT).DesignA Phase III, multi‐centre, parallel‐group, non‐inferiority, double‐blind randomized controlled trial with an allocation ratio of 1:1. Participants were provided treatment and followed for a period of 85 days.SettingFour OAT clinics in Iran.ParticipantsTwo hundred and four participants with opioid use disorder [mean age (standard deviation) = 37.4 (9.3); female 11.3%] recruited between July 2017 and January 2018.InterventionsParticipants were assigned to either OT (102) or methadone (102) using a patient‐centred flexible dosing strategy.MeasurementsTreatment retention over 85 days was the primary outcome. Self‐reported opioid use outside treatment and occurrence of adverse events (AEs) were the secondary outcomes.FindingsRemaining in treatment at the end of the follow‐up were 68.6% in the methadone arm and 59.8% in the OT arm. The relative retention rate of methadone to OT was 1.15 (0.97, 1.36) in both intent‐to‐treat and per‐protocol analyses; non‐inferiority was not supported statistically, as the upper bound of the confidence interval exceeded our pre‐specified non‐inferiority margin (1.25). Opioid use outside treatment was reported by 30.3% of OT (n = 152) and 49.4% of methadone (n = 168) patients, a difference in proportions of −19%: 90% confidence interval (−28%, −10%). The total count of AEs in the OT arm (22 among nine individuals) was significantly higher (P = 0.04) than that in the methadone arm (three among two individuals). Nausea was the most common side effect.ConclusionWhile this study could not conclude the non‐inferiority of opium tincture (OT) to methadone for retaining patients in opioid agonist treatment, OT retained 60% of participants to end of follow‐up (85 days) and was superior to methadone in reducing self‐reported opioid use outside treatment.
The impact of fire severity from the 2019 to 2020 mega‐fires on roosting ecology of a rainforest‐dependent bat (Phoniscus papuensis)
Authors: Law Bradley S. , Madani George , Gonsalves Leroy , Brassil Traecey , Hall Lachlan , Sujaraj Adrian , Lloyd Anna , Turbill Christopher 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe 2019–2020 megafires in southeastern Australia extensively burnt forests including fire‐sensitive rainforests. Assessments of species' responses typically consider differences in occupancy or density between burnt and unburnt forest, but here we focus on how these fires influenced roost selection by a rainforest‐dependent bat. We radio‐tracked golden‐tipped bats Phoniscus papuensis in fire grounds to investigate whether roost location or type was influenced by fire severity one‐year post‐fire. Overall, we tracked 19 bats for a total of 117 roost‐days. Bats roosted (including maternity colonies) in the suspended nests of yellow‐throated scrub‐wrens and brown gerygone, typically in gully rainforest. No bats were captured, or roosts located, where fire severity was high. In the burnt portion of the northern study area, P. papuensis displayed a significant preference for roosting in unburnt rainforest compared to its availability along adjacent gullies. Patches of rainforest burnt by low–moderate severity fire were ranked as second preference. In the burnt portion of the southern study area, most roosts were in rainforest mapped as burnt by low–moderate fire severity, however, no selection was evident relative to availability of rainforest and mapped fire severity. Actual roost locations in the southern study area revealed that 62% were in small pockets of unburnt rainforest, with burnt areas nearby. We recorded early breeding and signs of a second litter in late summer, suggesting a post‐fire resource pulse in their prey (spiders). A higher than usual reproductive output may assist in recovery, along with the bat's mobility to aid finding remaining pockets of unburnt or low severity burnt rainforest with suitable bird nests for roosting. However, recolonization of rainforest burnt by high severity fire will first require recovery of structural complexity, microclimate and the recolonization of host bird‐built nests. We recommend ongoing monitoring to assess the recovery of this specialist bat.
Ocular changes of non‐segmental vitiligo: A case‐control study
Authors: Ezzeldine Shaker M. , Hasan Mohamed S. , Abdelmaksoud Ghada I. , Ibrahim Ezzat N. , Rageh Mahmoud A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesVitiligo is a skin disorder in which the melanocytes are destroyed. Melanocytes can be destroyed anywhere in the body, compromising the function of the organs where they are found. Melanocytes in the epidermis and the uveal tract share a common embryological origin in addition to physiological and morphological similarities. Our aim was to detect ocular changes in non‐segmental vitiligo patients.MethodsThis study included 40 non‐segmental vitiligo patients and 40 healthy volunteers as a control. Visual acuity testing, slit lamp examination and optical coherence tomography were performed on all patients as well as controls.ResultsPatients with non‐segmental vitiligo had a considerably greater incidence of ocular alterations than controls, although there was no significant difference in visual acuity.ConclusionsVitiligo is a systemic condition that can affect the activity of melanocytes in organs besides the skin. The depigmentation process can influence ocular melanocytes. Ocular problems may be closely connected to vitiligo. Because ocular melanocytes aren't involved in the detection or transmission of visual pathway, there is no vision impairment.
Copper fabric improves the metabolic profile of obese mice: Potential role of the gut microbiota
Authors: Song Erfei , Vu Vivian , Varin Thibault V. , Botta Amy , Marette André , Sweeney Gary 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCopper and copper alloys have antimicrobial activity through the rapid contact killing of viruses, bacteria and yeasts on their surface. Dysregulation of host microbiota can contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Anecdotal evidence noted improved overall well‐being in individuals sleeping on copper‐containing fabric bedding. We hypothesized that the beneficial effect of copper‐infused fabric bedding on cardiometabolic health is linked to changes in gut microbiota composition. This study utilized a mouse model of diet‐induced obesity to assess the beneficial effects of copper‐infused fabric bedding on metabolic health. Body composition, inflammatory markers, metabolic and cardiovascular status and changes in the faecal microbiota composition were evaluated for up to 2 months in mice fed with a normal chow diet or high fat high cholesterol diet in the presence of bedding made with and without copper‐infused fabric. Results showed that mice subjected to diet‐induced obesity and housed in cages with copper‐infused fabric liner displayed less body weight gain than mice in cages with control fabric. Mice housed with copper‐infused fabric also displayed improved glucose tolerance and reduced inflammation biomarker lipocalin‐2. We also observed a beneficial shift in gut bacterial composition of obese mice housed with copper fabric bedding. Taken in conjunction, our study provides direct animal‐based evidence supporting the beneficial effects of copper fabric on metabolic health.
Prevalence of skin sensitization and dermatitis among epoxy-exposed workers in the wind turbine industry
Authors: Christiansen Alexandra G. , Carstensen Ole , Sommerlund Mette , Clausen Per A. , Bønløkke Jakob H. , Schlünssen Vivi , Isaksson Marléne , Schmidt Sigrun A. J. , Kolstad Henrik A. 
Published: August 2022

SummaryBackgroundA high prevalence of skin sensitization and dermatitis has been reported among workers exposed to epoxy components.ObjectivesTo estimate the risk of skin sensitization and dermatitis among workers exposed to epoxy components during production of wind turbine blades while using comprehensive safety measures.MethodsA cross-sectional study of 180 highly epoxy-exposed production workers and 41 nonexposed office workers was conducted at two wind turbine blade factories in Denmark. Participants underwent a skin examination, were tested with a tailored patch test panel including epoxy-containing products used at the factories, and answered a questionnaire.ResultsSixteen production workers (8·9%) were sensitized to an epoxy component compared with none of the office workers. Skin sensitization was more frequent within the first year of exposed employment. Strong selection bias by atopic status was indicated. Among nonatopic workers, the prevalence of dermatitis was higher among production workers (16·4%) than among office workers [6·5%, odds ratio (OR) 2·3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·6–9·1] and higher among the sensitized workers (43·8%) than the nonsensitized workers (14·6%, OR 4·5, 95% CI 1·6–12·7). Resins based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and F were the most frequent sensitizers. One of the four workers sensitized to epoxy components used at the factories did not react to the epoxy resin of the TRUE test® panel.ConclusionsDespite comprehensive skin protection, sensitization and dermatitis are prevalent among highly epoxy-exposed workers in the wind turbine industry in Denmark. Our findings document the need for intensified preventive efforts and emphasize the importance of tailored patch testing.What is already known about this topic? Epoxy components are well-known sensitizers of the skin.A high prevalence of skin sensitization and dermatitis has been reported among workers exposed to epoxy components.Comprehensive protective equipment is recommended when working with epoxy components.What does this study add? Despite comprehensive skin protection, skin sensitization and dermatitis are prevalent among epoxy-exposed workers.We found that 40% of workers sensitized to epoxy products had dermatitis.Only 75% of the sensitized workers were detected by the epoxy resin of the TRUE test®, which emphasizes the importance of tailored testing.
The Emergence of Cultural Attractors: How Dynamic Populations of Learners Achieve Collective Cognitive Alignment
Authors: Falandays J. Benjamin , Smaldino Paul E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhen a population exhibits collective cognitive alignment, such that group members tend to perceive, remember, and reproduce information in similar ways, the features of socially transmitted variants (i.e., artifacts, behaviors) may converge over time towards culture‐specific equilibria points, often called cultural attractors. Because cognition may be plastic, shaped through experience with the cultural products of others, collective cognitive alignment and stable cultural attractors cannot always be taken for granted, but little is known about how these patterns first emerge and stabilize in initially uncoordinated populations. We propose that stable cultural attractors can emerge from general principles of human categorization and communication. We present a model of cultural attractor dynamics, which extends a model of unsupervised category learning in individuals to a multiagent setting wherein learners provide the training input to each other. Agents in our populations spontaneously align their cognitive category structures, producing emergent cultural attractor points. We highlight three interesting behaviors exhibited by our model: (1) noise enhances the stability of cultural category structures; (2) short ‘critical’ periods of learning early in life enhance stability; and (3) larger populations produce more stable but less complex attractor landscapes, and cliquish network structure can mitigate the latter effect. These results may shed light on how collective cognitive alignment is achieved in the absence of shared, innate cognitive attractors, which we suggest is important to the capacity for cumulative cultural evolution.
Knapperer Resektionsrand bei Plattenepithelkarzinomen mit hohem oder sehr hohem Risiko: eine retrospektive multizentrische Studie mit 1000 Patienten
Authors: Baba Natsuki , Kato Hiroshi , Nakamura Motoki , Matsushita Shigeto , Aoki Megumi , Fujimoto Noriki , Kato Takeshi , Iino Shiro , Saito Shintaro , Yasuda Masahito , Asai Jun , Ishikawa Masashi , Yatsushiro Hiroshi , Kawahara Yu , Matsuya Taisuke , Araki Ryuichiro , Teramoto Yukiko , Hasegawa Minoru , Tokunaga Takahiro , Nakamura Yasuhiro 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZieleBei kutanen Plattenepithelkarzinomen (PEK) ist die Einhaltung der in Leitlinien empfohlenen festen Resektionsränder oft schwierig und knappere Ränder sind wünschenswert. Ziel dieser Studie war die Bewertung des Auftretens von Rezidiven und krankheitsspezifischen Todesfällen bei knapperen Resektionsrändern für PEK mit hohem oder sehr hohem Risiko.Patienten/MethodenPEK‐Patienten mit hohem oder sehr hohem Risiko, bei denen eine Tumorexzision durchgeführt wurde, wurden retrospektiv untersucht. Die Patienten wurden in eine Gruppe mit Standardrand gemäß Leitlinienempfehlung (standard margin group, SMG) und eine Gruppe mit knapperen Rändern (narrower‐margin group, NMG) eingeteilt. Gemeinsame primäre Endpunkte waren lokales Rezidiv, PEK‐Rezidiv und PEK‐bedingter Tod. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines PEK‐bedingten Tods und konkurrierender Mortalitätsrisiken wurde mittels kumulativer Inzidenzfunktion (CIF) beschrieben. Unterschiede bei der CIF zwischen den Gruppen wurden mit dem Test nach Gray verglichen.ErgebnisseInsgesamt wurden 1.000 Patienten mit PEK (hohes Risiko, 570; sehr hohes Risiko, 430) eingeschlossen. In der Kohorte mit hohem Risiko gab es keine signifikanten Unterschiede bei der unvollständigen Exzisionsrate (IER) zwischen SMG und NMG (2,6 % vs. 3,0 %, P > 0,99). In der Kohorte mit sehr hohem Risiko war die IER in der SMG jedoch signifikant geringer als in der NMG (8.9 % vs. 16.2 %, P = 0,03). Keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen SMG und NMG wurden für Lokalrezidiv (hohes Risiko, P = 0.56; sehr hohes Risiko, P = 0,70), PEK‐Rezidiv (hohes Risiko, P = 0,30; sehr hohes Risiko, P = 0,47) und PEK‐bedingtem Tod (hohes Risiko, P = 0,23; sehr hohes Risiko, P = 0,83) beobachtet.SchlussfolgerungenDie Größe des Resektionsrands hat einen begrenzten Einfluss auf Randkontrolle, Rezidive und krankheitsspezifischen Tod bei PEK mit hohem Risiko.
DNA‐Chip‐basierte Diagnose der Onychomykose und Tinea pedis
Authors: Bieber Katja , Harder Melanie , Ständer Sascha , Boch Katharina , Kridin Khalaf , Köhler Birgit , Anemüller Waltraud , Ernst Anna Lara , Zillikens Detlef , Cavalar Markus , Ludwig Ralf J. 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZieleOnychomykose (OM) und Tinea pedis (TP) sind häufige Pilzinfektionen der Haut. Aktuell basiert die Diagnose vornehmlich auf mikroskopischem Direktnachweis und/oder Kultur. Beide Methoden haben jedoch eine geringe bis mäßige Sensitivität und benötigen teilweise mehrere Wochen, bis endgültige Laborergebnisse vorliegen. Um die Diagnose kutaner Pilzinfektionen zu verbessern, wurden PCR‐basierte Methoden entwickelt. Hier haben wir hier die Sensitivität und Spezifität einer Chip‐basierten Multiplex‐PCR mit mikroskopischen Direktnachweis und verglichen.Patienten und MethodikIn einer monozentrischen, prospektiven Studie wurden bei Patienten mit Verdacht auf OM (n = 67) oder TP (n = 73) Schuppenpräparate entnommen und mittels mikroskopischem Direktnachweis, Kultur und DNA‐Chip‐Technologie der Erregernachweis durchgeführt. In einem weiteren Ansatz wurde überprüft, ob Abstriche als Alternative zur Entnahme eines Schuppenpräparates verwendet werden können. Hierfür wurden 24 weitere OM/TP‐Patienten rekrutiert und die Ergebnisse der DNA‐Chip‐Technologie aus Abstrichen mit denen aus den Schuppenpräparaten verglichen.ErgebnisseIm Vergleich aller Methoden hatte die DNA‐Chip‐Technologie die höchste Sensitivität, eine Kombination von DNA‐Chip‐Technologie mit mikroskopischem Direktnachweis erhöhte dies weiter. Ergebnisse dieser kombinierten Labordiagnostik sind innerhalb von 24 Stunden verfügbar. Der Vergleich der Probenentnahmetechniken (Abstrich beziehungsweise Schuppenpräparat) zeigte vergleichbare Ergebnisse.SchlussfolgerungenDie molekulare Diagnostik (mittels DNA‐Chip‐Technologie) hat eine hohe Sensitivität für die OM‐ und TP‐Diagnostik, insbesondere in Kombination mit dem mikroskopischen Direktnachweis.
Antiseizure medication reduction and withdrawal in children with drug‐resistant epilepsy after starting the ketogenic diet
Authors: Gogou Maria , Pujar Suresh , Nemani Tarishi , Chiang Chunyi , Simpson Zoe , Hardy Isobel , Schoeler Natasha , Cross J. Helen , Eltze Christin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate the rate of successful withdrawal of antiseizure medication (ASM) after starting the ketogenic diet in children and identify predictive factors.MethodWe retrospectively reviewed data of children with epilepsy, who were treated with the ketogenic diet for 6 months or longer at our institution, over a 5‐year period. We defined successful withdrawal of one or more medications as a time period of 3 months or more off this medication without restarting it or starting a new agent. Predictive clinical factors were investigated using binary multivariable logistic regression.ResultsSeventy‐one children were included (28 females, 43 males; median age at seizure onset 5 months, median age at diet initiation 58.5 months, median duration of ketogenic diet 27.7 months). Reduction of one or more ASMs was attempted in 54 out of 71 (76%) children and was successful in 34 out of 54 (63%), including discontinuation of all ASMs in 13. Younger age at the start of the ketogenic diet was associated with higher odds of successful ASM withdrawal. ASM withdrawal was successful in 11 out of 19 children with less than 50% seizure reduction at 3 months.InterpretationReduction of ASM was achieved in two‐thirds of patients after the start of the ketogenic diet, where attempted, and can be successful even with little or unchanged seizure frequency while on the diet.
Tooth auto‐transplantation: A bibliometric analysis of the top 100 most‐cited articles
Authors: Abdou Ahmed , Matoug‐Elwerfelli Manal , Nagendrababu Venkateshbabu , Nazzal Hani , Duggal Monty 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground/AimTooth auto‐transplantation has recently gained high clinical acceptance. The aim of this study was to identify the top 100 most‐cited articles regarding tooth auto‐transplantation, to analyse multiple citations and publication metrics and to outline the historical scientific advancements in this field.Materials and MethodsAn advanced search of the Clarivate Analytics' Web of Science ‘Core Collection’ and Elsevier's Scopus databases utilising specific keywords related to tooth auto‐transplantation between 1971 and 2021 was performed. The retrieved articles were ranked in descending order based on their Web of Science citation counts and further cross‐matched with citation data from Scopus. The extracted data included citation counts, citation density, level of evidence, year of publication, contributing authors names and institutes, corresponding author's address, journal of publication, journal local citations index, cumulative growth index, keywords and keywords Plus. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and graphical mapping.ResultsA total of 1290 articles were retrieved. The top 100 most‐cited articles received a total of 4899 (Web of Science) and 5250 (Scopus) citations. Among these, cohort studies (29%) and case series (18%) were the most common study designs. Scandinavian countries produced major contributions in defining the top 100 most‐cited articles and ranked within the top 5 countries based on the number of publications and citations per year. The greatest contributing authors were Schwartz O (n = 12), Andreasen JO (n = 8) and Paulsen HU (n = 6), and they were affiliated with Copenhagen, Denmark. The top contributing journals were American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology, European Journal of Orthodontics, Dental Traumatology and Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.ConclusionThis bibliometric analysis revealed a large geographical scientific interest and broad development in the field of tooth auto‐transplantation spanning multiple dental disciplines.