bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The index of some mixed order Dirac type operators and generalised Dirichlet–Neumann tensor fields
Authors: Pauly Dirk , Waurick Marcus 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe revisit a construction principle of Fredholm operators using Hilbert complexes of densely defined, closed linear operators and apply this to particular choices of differential operators. The resulting index is then computed using an explicit description of the cohomology groups of generalised (‘harmonic’) Dirichlet and Neumann tensor fields. The main results of this contribution are the computation of the indices of Dirac type operators associated to the elasticity complex and the newly found biharmonic complex, relevant for the biharmonic equation, elasticity, and for the theory of general relativity. The differential operators are of mixed order and cannot be seen as leading order type with relatively compact perturbation. As a by-product we present a comprehensive description of the underlying generalised Dirichlet–Neumann vector and tensor fields defining the respective cohomology groups, including an explicit construction of bases in terms of topological invariants, which are of both analytical and numerical interest. Though being defined by certain projection mechanisms, we shall present a way of computing these basis functions by solving certain PDEs given in variational form. For all of this we rephrase core arguments in the work of Rainer Picard [42] applied to the de Rham complex and use them as a blueprint for the more involved cases presented here. In passing, we also provide new vector-analytical estimates of generalised Poincaré–Friedrichs type useful for elasticity or the theory of general relativity.
The effect of BI 409306 on heart rate in healthy volunteers: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study
Authors: Müller Fabian , Sand Michael , Wunderlich Glen , Link Jasmin , Schultheis Christian , Dansirikul Chantaratsamon , Sane Rucha , Laszlo Roman , Steinacker Jürgen M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The potent, selective phosphodiesterase-9A inhibitor BI 409306 may be beneficial for patients with attenuated psychosis syndrome and could prevent relapse in patients with schizophrenia. Transient BI 409306-dependent increases in heart rate (HR) demonstrated previously necessitated cardiac safety characterisation. We evaluated cardiac effects of BI 409306 in healthy volunteers during rest and exercise.

Methods
In this double-blind, three-way crossover study, volunteers received placebo, BI 409306 50 mg or 200 mg in randomised order (same treatment on Days 1 [resting] and 3 [exercise]). Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed twice post treatment on Day 3 of each period. BI 409306-mediated effects on placebo-corrected change from baseline in resting HR (ΔΔHR) were evaluated based on exposure–response analysis and a random coefficient model. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded.

Results
Overall, 19/20 volunteers completed. Resting ΔΔHR versus BI 409306 concentration yielded a slope of 0.0029 beats/min/nmol/L. At the geometric mean (gMean) maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) for BI 409306 50 and 200 mg, predicted mean (90% CI) ΔΔHRs were 0.80 (− 0.76, 2.36) and 5.46 (2.44, 8.49) beats/min, respectively. Maximum adjusted mean differences from placebo (90% CI) in resting HR for BI 409306 50 and 200 mg were 3.85 (0.73, 6.97) and 4.93 (1.69, 8.16) beats/min. Maximum differences from placebo in resting HR occurred at/near gMean Cmax and returned to baseline after approximately 4 h. The proportion of volunteers with AEs increased with BI 409306 dose.

Conclusion
Observed hemodynamic effects following BI 409306 administration were of low amplitude, transient, and followed the pharmacokinetic profile of BI 409306.
Extension of Prophylactic Surgery in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma. Differences Between Sporadic and Hereditary Tumours According to Calcitonin Levels and Lymph Node Involvement
Authors: Juez L. D. , Mercader E. , Amunategui I. , Febrero B. , Rodríguez J. M. , Gómez‐Ramírez J. ,   MECANO Collaboration Group, Arranz Jimenez R. , García Lorenzo F. , Domínguez M. , Lorente L. , Girones J. , Mira A. , De la Quintana A. , de Nova Muñoz J. L. , Osorio I. , Carrión A. , González O. , Beisani M. , San Román R. , Muñoz N. , Bonnin J. , Alvarez Segurado C. , Jiménez Segovia M. , César Jordán J. , Girao X. , Candel Arenas M. F. , Gallego L. , Fernández C. , Camacho A. , Jiménez C. , Gutierrez I. , Acín D. , Darriba M. , de Molina Sánchez M. L. , Vaquero M. A. , Garaulet P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionCurrently, there is no consensus on the indication of prophylactic surgery of the nodal compartments in the treatment of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). The aim of our study was to perform a correlation study between preoperative calcitonin (basalCT) values and lymph node involvement to establish a criterion on which to base prophylactic surgery in these patients.Material and MethodsWe conducted an observational, retrospective and multicentre study with 29 hospitals. Patients over 18 years of age with a diagnosis of MTC with a pre‐surgical calcitonin registry were included. The minimum surgery in all patients had to have been total thyroidectomy (TT) with central compartment lymph node dissection (CCLND). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to establish basalCT cut‐off values as predictors of postoperative lymph node involvement.ResultsA total of 244 patients were included. Baseline calcitonin (basalCT) was a good predictor of nodal involvement (AUC 0.718 and 95%CI 0.66–0.978). Heritability was identified as a preoperative factor correlated with baseline tumour CT values (p = 0.000). With a probability of lymph node involvement below 10%, new cut‐off points were established. A prophylactic bilateral lateral lymph node dissection in sporadic tumours should be performed at a basalCT > 600 pg/mL; in the case of RET‐mutated tumours this value would be 200 pg/mL.ConclusionThe baseline CT value is a good predictor of postoperative lymph node involvement in MTC, however, cut‐off points should depent on the hereditary nature of the tumour.
Okuläre Manifestationen bei COVID-19-Patienten
Authors: Hösel Kristin , von der Burchard Claus , Schunk Domagoj , Franzenburg Jeanette , Bahmer Thomas , Frank Derk , Dargvainiene Justina , Roider Johann B. 
Published: January 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Insbesondere okuläre Manifestationen bei COVID-19 wurden bisher kaum in prospektiven Studien erfasst.

Ziel der Arbeit
Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, die COVID-19-assoziierten Veränderungen des vorderen und hinteren Augenabschnittes zu evaluieren sowie die Prävalenz von SARS-CoV-2-RNA in der Tränenflüssigkeit zu analysieren.

Methoden
Patienten mit positivem Nasen-Rachen-Abstrich, welche sich vom 16.04.2020 bis 07.01.2021 stationär im Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, befanden, wurden eingeschlossen. Der vordere Augenabschnitt sowie der hintere Augenabschnitt in Mydriasis wurden augenärztlich untersucht. Von beiden Augen wurde zusätzlich ein Schirmer-Tränenstreifen auf SARS-CoV-2-RNA analysiert.

Ergebnisse
Es wurden 37 Patienten eingeschlossen. Am vorderen Augenabschnitt zeigten sich Chemosis (5), Hyposphagma (2) und Konjunktivitis (1). Bei 11 Patienten zeigten sich vaskuläre Alterationen und möglicherweise krankheitsspezifische Manifestationen am Augenhintergrund in einem oder beiden Augen: retinale Blutungen (5), Cotton-Wool-Spots (5) und Tortuositas (5). Bei einem Patienten fand sich ein Arterienastverschluss, bei einem anderen Patienten ein Venenastverschluss. Zwei Patienten hatten einen positiven Bindehautabstrich in einem oder beiden Augen.

Diskussion
Die in dieser Studie beschriebenen Veränderungen des vorderen Augenabschnittes sind in einer Vielzahl chinesischer Studien vorbeschrieben, jedoch nicht spezifisch für COVID-19. Zudem konnten diverse vaskuläre Funduspathologien gefunden werden, welche sich signifikant häufiger bei COVID-19-Patienten zeigten als bei einer gesunden Vergleichskohorte. Es bleibt unklar, ob diese Veränderungen direkt durch SARS-CoV‑2 ausgelöst werden oder ob sie auf systemischen Komorbiditäten basieren. SARS-CoV-2-Virusprävalenz in Tränenflüssigkeiten ist möglich.
Long-term outcomes of left bundle branch area pacing versus biventricular pacing in patients with heart failure and complete left bundle branch block
Authors: Hua Juan , Chen Yang , Yu Jianhua , Xiong Qinmei , Xia Zhen , Xia Zirong , Huang Qianghui , Kong Qiling , Chen Huolong , Zhang Yichu , Hu Jianxin , Li Juxiang , Hu Jinzhu , Chen Qi , Hong Kui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLeft bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) has developed in an effort to improve cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). We aimed to compare the long-term clinical outcomes between LBBAP and biventricular pacing (BIVP) in patients with heart failure (HF) and complete left bundle branch block (CLBBB). Consecutive patients with HF and CLBBB requiring CRT received either LBBAP or BIVP were recruited at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from February 2018 to May 2019. We assessed their implant parameters, electrocardiogram (ECG), clinical outcomes at implant and during follow-up at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Forty-one patients recruited including 21 for LBBAP and 20 for BIVP. Mean follow-up duration was 23.71 ± 4.44 months. LBBAP produced lower pacing thresholds, shorter procedure time and fluoroscopy duration compared to BIVP. The QRS duration was significantly narrower after LBBAP than BIVP (129.29 ± 31.46 vs. 156.85 ± 26.37 ms, p = 0.005). Notably, both LBBAP and BIVP significantly improved LVEF, LVEDD, NYHA class, and BNP compared with baseline. However, LBBAP significantly lowered BNP compared with BIVP (416.69 ± 411.39 vs. 96.07 ± 788.71 pg/ml, p = 0.007) from baseline to 24-month follow-up. Moreover, patients who received LBBAP exhibited lower number of hospitalizations than those in the BIVP group (p = 0.019). In addition, we found that patients with moderately prolonged left ventricular activation time (LVAT) and QRS notching in limb leads in baseline ECG respond better to LBBAP for CLBBB correction. LBBAP might be a relative safe and effective resynchronization therapy and as a supplement to BIVP for patients with HF and CLBBB.
The care of critically ill infants and toddlers in neonatal intensive care units across Italy and Europe: our proposal for healthcare organization
Authors: Pozzi Nicola , Cogo Paola , Moretti Corrado , Biban Paolo , Fedeli Tiziana , Orfeo Luigi , Gitto Eloisa , Mosca Fabio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNumerous studies have shown that critically ill infants and toddlers admitted to paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) have a lower mortality than those admitted to adult ICUs. In 2014, there were only 23 registered PICUs in Italy, most of which were located in the north. For this reason, in Italy and elsewhere in Europe, some neonatal ICUs (NICUs) have begun managing critically ill infants and toddlers. Our proposal for healthcare organization is to establish “extended NICUs” in areas where paediatric intensive care beds are lacking. While some countries have opted for a strict division between neonatal and paediatric intensive care units, the model of “extended NICUs” has already been set up in Italy and in Europe. In this instance, the management of critically ill infants and toddlers undoubtedly falls upon neonatologists, who, however, must gain specific knowledge and technical skills in paediatric critical care medicine (PCCM). Postgraduate residencies in paediatrics need to include periods of specific training in neonatology and PCCM. The Italian Society of Neonatology’s Early Childhood Intensive Care Study Group is supporting certified training courses for its members involving both theory and practice.Conclusion: Scientific societies should promote awareness of the issues involved in the intensive management of infants and toddlers in NICUs and the training of all health workers involved. These societies include the Italian Society of Neonatology, the European Society of Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care, and the Union of European Neonatal and Perinatal Societies. They should also act in concert with the governmental institutional bodies to establish the standards for the “extended NICUs.”

What is Known:• The mortality of critically ill infants and toddlers admitted to PICUs is lower than that for those admitted to adult ICUs.• In Italy, there are only a handful of PICUs, located mainly in the north.

What is New:• Critically ill infants and small toddlers can be managed in “extended NICUs” in areas with a lack of paediatric intensive care beds.• “Extended NICUs” is our proposal for healthcare organization to compensate for the paucity of paediatric intensive care beds, but neonatologists must be trained to provide them with specific knowledge and technical skills in PCCM.
Lipoprotein-induced cell growth and hemocyanin biosynthesis in rhogocytes
Authors: Sairi Fareed , Gomes Vincent G. , Dehghani Fariba , Valtchev Peter 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRhogocyte is a unique molluscan cell that synthesises a supramolecular respiratory protein known as hemocyanin. Its ability to synthesise the protein has eluded the scientists despite hemocyanin’s importance as a carrier protein and complex molecule with anti-viral activity. Although a hypothetical model of hemocyanin release from the rhogocytes lacunae was proposed based on colloid-osmotic pressure mechanism, lack of in vitro studies limits further validation of this model. In this study, we aim to investigate the impact of cell culture conditions and nature of hemocyanin biosynthesis of rhogocyte cells dissociated from Haliotis laevigata mantle tissue. Population of cells with different hemocyanin expression levels was profiled using flow cytometry, while hemocyanin concentrations in the media were elucidated by ELISA assay. We demonstrated that addition of lipoprotein supplement into the media resulted in a burst secretion of hemocyanin into the culture media. Over 7 days of culture, the population of cells tagged with hemocyanin antibody increased steadily while hemocyanin release in the media decreased significantly. Variation of culture medium, temperature, growth supplement type and concentration also impacted the cell growth and hemocyanin biosynthesis. These results indicated the possibility of an active process triggered by the addition of supplement to synthesise the protein at the highest amount during the first hour. The current study provides a glimpse of the hemocyanin biosynthesis by rhogocyte that may be significant to understand the cell ability to synthesise supramolecular protein and secretion through lacunae.
Psychische Verfassung und psychosoziale Versorgungssituation von Patienten mit Knochensarkomen
Authors: Eichler Martin , Hentschel Leopold , Singer Susanne , Hornemann Beate , Hohenberger Peter , Kasper Bernd , Andreou Dimosthenis , Pink Daniel , Jakob Jens , Arndt Karin , Hofbauer Christine , Schaser Klaus-Dieter , Bornhäuser Martin , Schmitt Jochen , Schuler Markus K. 
Published: January 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Knochensarkome sind eine Gruppe sehr seltener maligner Tumoren. Es existieren nur wenige Studien zur psychischen Belastung der betroffenen Patienten. Ziel war es, die Prävalenz erhöhter psychischer Belastung in dieser Gruppe zu ermitteln, damit assoziierte Faktoren zu untersuchen und die Inanspruchnahme psychoonkologischer Angebote zu erfassen.

Methode
Die Kohortenstudie PROSa (Krankheitslast und Versorgungssituation bei Sarkomen) wurde zwischen 2017 und 2020 in 39 deutschen Studienzentren durchgeführt. Für die vorliegende Analyse wurden Baseline-Querschnittsdaten von erwachsenen Knochensarkompatienten ausgewertet. Die psychische Belastung wurde mit dem Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4) evaluiert. Sozioökonomische und klinische Faktoren wurden als mögliche Prädiktoren erhöhter psychischer Belastung mit multivariablen logistischen Regressionsmodellen exploriert.

Resultate
Bei den 194 eingeschlossenen Patienten betrug die Prävalenz von Ängsten 18 %, die von Depressivität 22 %. Insgesamt waren 29 % der Patienten überschwellig psychisch belastet. 23 % hatten eine psychoonkologische Betreuung in Anspruch genommen. Im vollen Modell waren arbeitslose Patienten (Odds Ratio [OR] 5,7; 95 %-Konfidenzintervall [CI] 1,6–20,0) und Patienten mit Erwerbsminderungsrente (OR 3,6; 95 %-CI 1,03–12,9) im Vergleich zu solchen in Beschäftigung häufiger belastet, Patienten mit Altersrente, in Vorruhestand oder in Altersteilzeit dagegen weniger häufig (OR 0,2; 95 %-CI 0,05–0,9). Die Häufigkeit psychischer Belastung war bei Patienten 5 Jahre nach Diagnose (Vergleich Diagnose < 6 Monate) geringer (OR 0,1; 95 %-CI 0,04–0,4).

Konklusion
Die Prävalenz erhöhter psychischer Belastung bei Knochensarkompatienten ist hoch. Arbeitslose Patienten, solche mit Erwerbsminderungsrente sowie neu diagnostizierte Patienten sind besonders vulnerabel. Das Behandlungsteam sollte sich dieser Faktoren bewusst sein und auch diese sozialen Aspekte der Erkrankung berücksichtigen.
What’s keeping teens up at night? Reflecting on sleep and technology habits with teens
Authors: Ploderer Bernd , Rodgers Shannon , Liang Zilu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Sleep studies suggest that exams, jobs, and technologies keep teens up at night, but little research exists to engage teens in reflecting on their own sleep. We designed a set of cards and a web-based app ‘SleepBeta’ to support reflection by inviting teens to ask questions, explore, track, and experiment with sleep and related technology and lifestyle habits. Through card sorting, we invited teens to identify technology and lifestyle habits they wished to track. SleepBeta let teens track various habits and sleep whilst visualizing interrelationships between these data. Twelve teens and 11 parents participated in interviews before and after a 3-week field trial of SleepBeta. Our findings highlighted four distinct modes of reflection: reflection in preparation, reflection in action, reflection upon revisiting data, and reflection through social interaction. We discuss how our findings provide sensitizing concepts that reframe reflection from a post hoc activity with personal data, to an ongoing process that starts before technologies are used to generate data. We highlight design opportunities for scaffolding reflection in preparation, and we reflect on design choices that give teens control over their data.
Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) detect strange body parts: an eye-tracking study
Authors: Gao Jie , Adachi Ikuma , Tomonaga Masaki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study investigated chimpanzee body representation by testing whether chimpanzees detect strangeness in body parts. We tested six chimpanzees with edited chimpanzee body pictures in eye-tracking tasks. The target body parts were arms or legs. For either target, there were four conditions: “normal” condition as control, where all bodies were normal; “misplaced” condition, where one arm or one leg was misplaced to an incorrect body location in each picture; “replaced by a chimpanzee part” condition, where one arm or one leg was replaced by a chimpanzee leg or arm, respectively, in its original place in each picture; and “replaced by a human part” condition, where one arm or one leg was replaced by a human arm or leg in each picture. Compared to the looking times toward the normal parts, chimpanzees had significantly longer looking times toward the human arms or legs. The looking times toward the misplaced parts were also longer than the normal parts, but the difference just failed to meet significance. These results indicate more interests toward strange body parts, compared to typical parts, suggesting that chimpanzees might have a body representation that is sufficiently sensitive to detect these aspects of strangeness.
Defining minimum volume thresholds to increase quality of care: a new patient-oriented approach using mixed integer programming
Authors: Vogel Justus F. A. , Barkhausen Max , Pross Christoph M. , Geissler Alexander 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA positive relationship between treatment volume and outcome quality has been demonstrated in the literature and is thus evident for a variety of procedures. Consequently, policy makers have tried to translate this so-called volume–outcome relationship into minimum volume regulation (MVR) to increase the quality of care—yet with limited success. Until today, the effect of strict MVR application remains unclear as outcome quality gains cannot be estimated adequately and restrictions to application such as patient travel time and utilization of remaining hospital capacity are not considered sufficiently. Accordingly, when defining MVR, its effectiveness cannot be assessed. Thus, we developed a mixed integer programming model to define minimum volume thresholds balancing utility in terms of outcome quality gain and feasibility in terms of restricted patient travel time and utilization of hospital capacity. We applied our model to the German hospital sector and to four surgical procedures. Results showed that effective MVR needs a minimum volume threshold of 125 treatments for cholecystectomy, of 45 and 25 treatments for colon and rectum resection, respectively, of 32 treatments for radical prostatectomy and of 60 treatments for total knee arthroplasty. Depending on procedure type and incidence as well as the procedure’s complication rate, outcome quality gain ranged between 287 (radical prostatectomy) and 977 (colon resection) avoidable complications (11.7% and 11.9% of all complications). Ultimately, policy makers can use our model to leverage MVR’s intended benefit: concentrating treatment delivery to improve the quality of care.
Deformation capacity evaluation for flat slab seismic design
Authors: Muttoni A. , Coronelli D. , Lamperti Tornaghi M. , Martinelli L. , Pascu I. R. , Pinho Ramos A. , Tsionis G. , Bamonte P. , Isufi B. , Setiawan A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn flat-slab frames, which are typically designed as secondary seismic structures, the shear failure of the slab around the column (punching failure) is typically the governing failure mode which limits the deformation capacity and can potentially lead to a progressive collapse of the structure. Existing rules to predict the capacity of flat slab frames to resist imposed lateral displacements without losing the capability to bear gravity loads have been derived empirically from the results of cyclic tests on thin members. These rules account explicitly only for the ratio between acting gravity loads and resistance against concentric punching shear (so-called Gravity Shear Ratio). Recent rational models to estimate the deformation capacity of flat slabs show that other parameters can play a major role and predict a significant size effect (reduced deformation for thick slabs). In this paper, a closed-form expression to predict the deformation capacity of internal slab-column connections as a function of the main parameters is derived from the same model that has been used to develop the punching shear formulae for the second generation of Eurocode 2 for concrete structures. This expression is compared to an existing database of isolated internal slab-column connections showing fine accuracy and allowing to resolve the shortcomings of existing rules. In addition, the results of a testing programme on a full-scale flat-slab frame with two stories and 12 columns are described. The differences between measured interstorey drifts and local slab rotations influencing their capacity to resist shear forces are presented and discussed. With respect to the observed deformation capacities, similar values are obtained as in the isolated specimens and the predictions are confirmed for the internal columns, but significant differences are observed between internal, edge and corner slab-column connections. The effects of punching shear reinforcement and of integrity reinforcement (required according to Eurocode 2 to prevent progressive collapse after punching) are also discussed.