bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of preventive use of oxygen therapy after planned extubation in high-risk patients with extubation failure: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zheng Xiaozhuo , Wang Rui , Giri Mohan , Duan Jun , Ma Mengyi , Guo Shuliang 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundExtubation failure is common in critically ill patients, especially those with high-risk factors, and is associated with poor prognosis. Prophylactic use of oxygen therapy after extubation has been gradually introduced. However, the best respiratory support method is still unclear.PurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of four post-extubation respiratory support approaches in reducing reintubation and respiratory failure in patients at high-risk of extubation failure.MethodsA comprehensive search was performed in Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science from inception to June 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing post-extubation preventive use of respiratory management strategies, including conventional oxygen therapy (COT), non-invasive ventilation (NIV), and high-flow nasal catheter (HFNC) in high-risk patients with extubation failure were reviewed. Primary outcomes were reintubation rate and respiratory failure. Secondary outcomes included intensive care unit (ICU) mortality, ICU stay and length of hospital stay (LOS).ResultsSeventeen RCTs comprising 2813 participants were enrolled. Compared with COT, the three respiratory support methods (NIV, HFNC, NIV + HFNC) were all effective in preventing reintubation [odds ratio (OR) 0.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.32–0.67; OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.14–0.48; OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.39–0.97, respectively] and respiratory failure (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.10–0.52; OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.04–0.60; OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.10–0.72, respectively). NIV and NIV + HFNC also reduced ICU mortality (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.22–0.74; OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.12–0.85). NIV + HFNC ranked best in terms of reintubation rate, respiratory failure and ICU mortality based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) (99.3, 87.1, 88.2, respectively). Although there was no significant difference in shortening ICU stay and LOS among the four methods, HFNC ranked first based on the SUCRA.ConclusionPreventive use of NIV + HFNC after scheduled extubation is probably the most effective respiratory support method for preventing reintubation, respiratory failure and ICU death in high-risk patients with extubation failure. HFNC alone seems to be the best method to shorten ICU stay and LOS.Systematic review registration[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/], identifier [CRD42022340623].
The CRTh2 polymorphism rs533116 G > A associates with asthma severity in older females
Authors: Shrestha Palikhe Nami , Mackenzie Constance A. , Licskai Christopher , Kim Richard B. , Vliagoftis Harissios , Cameron Lisa 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundCRTh2 is G protein coupled receptor for prostaglandin D2 (PGD)2expressed by immune cells that drive type 2 inflammation such as CD4+T cells (Th2), eosinophils and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) as well as structural cells including smooth muscle and epithelium. CRTh2-expressing cells are increased in the blood and airways of asthmatics and severe asthma is characterized by increased activity of the PGD2-CRTh2 pathway. TheCRTh2single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs533116 G &gt; A is associated with development of asthma and increased Th2 cell differentiation.ObjectiveTo examine whether CRTh2 rs533116G &gt; A associates with asthma severity. Since severe asthma is more common in females than males, we performed a sex-stratified analysis.MethodsClinical data from asthmatics (n= 170) were obtained from clinic visits and chart review. Asthma severity was assessed according to ERS/ATS guidelines. Peripheral blood cells were characterized by flow cytometry and qRT-PCR. Genotyping was performed by TaqMan assay.ResultsOlder females (≥45 years) homozygous for minor A allele of rs533116 were more likely to have severe asthma, lower FEV1, a higher prescribed dose of inhaled corticosteroid and more type 2 inflammation than females carrying GA or GG genotypes. Comparing females and males with the AA genotype also revealed that women had more type 2 inflammation.Conclusions and significanceThe polymorphism CRTh2 rs533116 G &gt; A associates with severe asthma and type 2 inflammation in older females. This study reveals a gene-sex-aging interaction influencing the effect of CRTh2 on asthma severity.
How does self-compassion help people adjust to chronic skin conditions? A template analysis study
Authors: Clarke Elaine N. , Norman Paul , Thompson Andrew R. 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesSkin conditions can greatly impact people's lives, but greater understanding of the processes involved in positive adjustment is required. Self-compassion has strong links to wellbeing and adaptive functioning and therefore may play an important role in adjustment to skin conditions.DesignTemplate analysis was used to explore how self-compassion operates in people living with skin conditions, with reference to existing theories of self-compassion.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with highly self-compassionate people with chronic skin conditions (N = 10). Theoretical models of self-compassion were used in the development of the initial template and interview schedule. Participants were purposively selected on the basis of having high scores on a measure of self-compassion.ResultsParticipants reported a variety of ongoing skin-related difficulties and their ways of managing these. Sensitivity to distress and care for wellbeing were identified as foundation themes: necessary components of a compassionate response to distress. Eleven types of difficulty-management strategies built upon these foundation themes: empathy, non-judgement, distress tolerance, self-kindness, mindful attention, perspective-taking, self-talk, self-care, using social support, concealment, and idiosyncratic coping strategies.ConclusionsComponents of self-compassion helped people adjust to chronic skin conditions in a wide variety of ways, indicating that psychological adjustment is not a simple, linear process. Sometimes compassionate responses occurred automatically and sometimes with deliberate effort. Further research on compassion-based interventions for people with skin conditions is warranted.
Development of an innovative in vivo model of PJI treated with DAIR
Authors: Poilvache Hervé , Van Bambeke Françoise , Cornu Olivier 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionProsthetic Joint Infection (PJI) are catastrophic complications of joint replacement. Debridement, implant retention, and antibiotic therapy (DAIR) is the usual strategy in acute infections but fails in 45% of MRSA infections. We describe the development of a model of infected arthroplasty in rabbits, treated with debridement and a course of vancomycin with clinically relevant dosage.Materials and methodsA total of 15 rabbits were assigned to three groups: vancomycin pharmacokinetics (A), infection (B), and DAIR (C). All groups received a tibial arthroplasty using a Ti-6Al-4V implant. Groups B and C were infected per-operatively with a 5.5 log10 MRSA inoculum. After 1 week, groups C infected knees were surgically debrided. Groups A and C received 1 week of vancomycin. Pharmacokinetic profiles were obtained in group A following 1st and 5th injections. Animals were euthanized 2 weeks after the arthroplasty. Implants and tissue samples were processed for bacterial counts and histology.ResultsAverage vancomycin AUC0–12 h were 213.0 mg*h/L (1st injection) and 207.8 mg*h/L (5th injection), reaching clinical targets. All inoculated animals were infected. CFUs were reproducible in groups B. A sharp decrease in CFU was observed in groups C. Serum markers and leukocytes counts increased significantly in infected groups.ConclusionWe developed a reproducible rabbit model of PJI treated with DAIR, using vancomycin at clinically relevant concentrations.
Highly diverse ribonucleic acid viruses in the viromes of eukaryotic host species in Yunnan province, China
Authors: Han Zhenzhi , Xiao Jinbo , Song Yang , Zhao Xiaonan , Sun Qiang , Lu Huanhuan , Zhang Keyi , Li Jichen , Li Junhan , Si Fenfen , Zhang Guoyan , Zhao Hehe , Jia Senquan , Zhou Jienan , Wang Dongyan , Zhu Shuangli , Yan Dongmei , Xu Wenbo , Fu Xiaoqing , Zhang Yong 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundThe diversity in currently documented viruses and their morphological characteristics indicates the need for understanding the evolutionary characteristics of viruses. Notably, further studies are needed to obtain a comprehensive landscape of virome, the virome of host species in Yunnan province, China.Materials and methodsWe implemented the metagenomic next-generation sequencing strategy to investigate the viral diversity, which involved in 465 specimens collected from bats, pangolins, monkeys, and other species. The diverse RNA viruses were analyzed, especially focusing on the genome organization, genetic divergence and phylogenetic relationships.ResultsIn this study, we investigated the viral composition of eight libraries from bats, pangolins, monkeys, and other species, and found several diverse RNA viruses, including the Alphacoronavirus from bat specimens. By characterizing the genome organization, genetic divergence, and phylogenetic relationships, we identified five Alphacoronavirus strains, which shared phylogenetic association with Bat-CoV-HKU8-related strains. The pestivirus-like virus related to recently identified Dongyang pangolin virus (DYPV) strains from dead pangolin specimens, suggesting that these viruses are evolving. Some genomes showed higher divergence from known species (e.g., calicivirus CS9-Cali-YN-CHN-2020), and many showed evidence of recombination events with unknown or known strains (e.g., mamastroviruses BF2-astro-YN-CHN-2020 and EV-A122 AKM5-YN-CHN-2020). The newly identified viruses showed extensive changes and could be assigned as new species, or even genus (e.g., calicivirus CS9-Cali-YN-CHN-2020 and iflavirus Ifla-YN-CHN-2020). Moreover, we identified several highly divergent RNA viruses and estimated their evolutionary characteristics among different hosts, providing data for further examination of their evolutionary dynamics.ConclusionOverall, our study emphasizes the close association between emerging viruses and infectious diseases, and the need for more comprehensive surveys.
Randomized, sham-controlled, clinical trial of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for patients with Alzheimer’s dementia in Japan
Authors: Saitoh Youichi , Hosomi Koichi , Mano Tomoo , Takeya Yasushi , Tagami Shinji , Mori Nobuhiko , Matsugi Akiyoshi , Jono Yasutomo , Harada Hideaki , Yamada Tomomi , Miyake Akimitsu 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundSeveral medications have been applied to Alzheimer’s dementia patients (AD) but their efficacies have been insufficient. The efficacy and safety of 4 weeks of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in Japanese AD were evaluated in this exploratory clinical trial.MethodsForty-two patients, aged 60–93 years (average, 76.4 years), who were taking medication (&gt; 6 months) and had Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores ≤ 25 and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale scores (CDR-J) of 1 or 2, were enrolled in this single-center, prospective, randomized, three-arm study [i.e., 120% resting motor threshold (120% RMT), 90% RMT for the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and Sham]. Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Japanese Cognitive (ADAS-J cog), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-J), Clinical Global Impression of Change (CGIC), Neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI), and EuroQOL 5 Dimensions 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L) were administered. The primary endpoint was the mean change from baseline in the MMSE score (week 4). An active rTMS session involved applying 15 trains bilaterally (40 pulses/train at 10 Hz; intertrain interval, 26 s). Participants received ≥ 8 interventions within the first 2 weeks and at least one intervention weekly in the 3rd and 4th weeks. Full Analysis set (FAS) included 40 patients [120% RMT (n = 15), 90% RMT (n = 13), and Sham (n = 12)].ResultsIn the FAS, MMSE, ADAS-J cog, MoCA-J, CDR-J, CGIC, NPI, and EQ-5D-5L scores between the three groups were not significantly different. Two patients were erroneously switched between the 120% RMT and 90% RMT groups, therefore, “as treated” patients were mainly analyzed. Post hoc analysis revealed significant treatment efficacy in participants with MMSE scores ≥ 15, favoring the 120% RMT group over the Sham group. Responder analysis revealed 41.7% of the 120% RMT group had a ≥ 3-point improvement in the ADAS-J cog versus 0% in the Sham group (Fisher’s exact test, p = 0.045). The MoCA-J showed the same tendency but was not significant. Efficacy disappeared in week 20, based on the ADAS-cog and MoCA-J. No intervention-related serious adverse events occurred.ConclusionThis paper is the first report of using rTMS in Japanese AD patients. The treatment seems safe and moderate-mild stage AD should be target population of pivotal clinical trial with 120% RMT rTMS.
EEG functional brain connectivity strengthens with age during attentional processing to faces in children
Authors: Ramos-Loyo Julieta , Olguín-Rodríguez Paola V. , Espinosa-Denenea Sara E. , Llamas-Alonso Luis A. , Rivera-Tello Sergio , Müller Markus F. 
Published: October 2022

Studying functional connectivity may generate clues to the maturational changes that occur in children, expressed by the dynamical organization of the functional network assessed by electroencephalographic recordings (EEG). In the present study, we compared the EEG functional connectivity pattern estimated by linear cross-correlations of the electrical brain activity of three groups of children (6, 8, and 10 years of age) while performingodd-balltasks containing facial stimuli that are chosen considering their importance in socioemotional contexts in everyday life. On the first task, the children were asked to identify the sex of faces, on the second, the instruction was to identify the happy expressions of the faces. We estimated the stable correlation pattern (SCP) by the average cross-correlation matrix obtained separately for the resting state and the task conditions and quantified the similarity of these average matrices comparing the different conditions. The accuracy improved with higher age. Although the topology of the SCPs showed high similarity across all ages, the two older groups showed a higher correlation between regions associated with the attentional and face processing networks compared to the youngest group. Only in the youngest group, the similarity metric decreased during the sex condition. In general, correlation values strengthened with age and during task performance compared to rest. Our findings indicate that there is a spatially extended stable brain network organization in children like that reported in adults. Lower similarity scores between several regions in the youngest children might indicate a lesser ability to cope with tasks. The brain regions associated with the attention and face networks presented higher synchronization across regions with increasing age, modulated by task demands.
Variation in stroke care at the hospital level: A cross-sectional multicenter study
Authors: Lens Charlotte , Coeckelberghs Ellen , Seys Deborah , Demeestere Jelle , Weltens Caroline , Vanhaecht Kris , Lemmens Robin 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionStroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability. Improving patient outcomes can be achieved by improving stroke care and adherence to guidelines. Since wide variation in adherence rates for stroke guidelines still exists, we aimed to describe and compare stroke care variability within Belgian hospitals.Materials and methodsAn observational, multicenter study was performed in 29 Belgian hospitals. We retrospectively collected patient characteristics, quality indicators, and time metrics from the last 30 consecutive patients per hospital, diagnosed with ischemic stroke in 2019 with structured questionnaires. Mean adherence ratios (%) ± SD (minimum – maximum) were calculated.ResultsWe analyzed 870 patient records from 29 hospitals. Results showed large inter- and intrahospitals variations in adherence for various indicators. Almost all the patients received brain imaging (99.7%) followed by admission at a stroke unit in 82.9% of patients. Of patients not receiving thrombolysis, 92.5% of patients were started on antithrombotic drugs. Indicators with moderate median adherence but large interhospital variability were glycemia monitoring [82.3 ± 16.7% (26.7–100.0%)], performing clinical neurological examination and documentation of stroke severity [63.1 ± 36.8% (0–100%)], and screening for activities of daily living [51.1 ± 40.3% (0.0–100.0%)]. Other indicators lacked adequate adherence: swallowing function screening [37.0 ± 30.4% (0.0–93.3%)], depression screening [20.2 ± 35.8% (0.0–100%)], and timely body temperature measurement [15.1 ± 17.0% (0.0–60%)].ConclusionWe identified high adherence to guidelines for some indicators, but lower rates with large interhospital variability for other recommendations also based on robust evidence. Improvement strategies should be implemented to improve the latter.
Inter-rater agreement between humans and computer in quantitative assessment of computed tomography after cardiac arrest
Authors: Kenda Martin , Cheng Zhuo , Guettler Christopher , Storm Christian , Ploner Christoph J. , Leithner Christoph , Scheel Michael 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundHead computed tomography (CT) is used to predict neurological outcome after cardiac arrest (CA). The current reference standard includes quantitative image analysis by a neuroradiologist to determine the Gray-White-Matter Ratio (GWR) which is calculated via the manual measurement of radiodensity in different brain regions. Recently, automated analysis methods have been introduced. There is limited data on the Inter-rater agreement of both methods.MethodsThree blinded human raters (neuroradiologist, neurologist, student) with different levels of clinical experience retrospectively assessed the Gray-White-Matter Ratio (GWR) in head CTs of 95 CA patients. GWR was also quantified by a recently published computer algorithm that uses coregistration with standardized brain spaces to identify regions of interest (ROIs). We calculated intraclass correlation (ICC) for inter-rater agreement between human and computer raters as well as area under the curve (AUC) and sensitivity/specificity for poor outcome prognostication.ResultsInter-rater agreement on GWR was very good (ICC 0.82–0.84) between all three human raters across different levels of expertise and between the computer algorithm and neuroradiologist (ICC 0.83; 95% CI 0.78–0.88). Despite high overall agreement, we observed considerable, clinically relevant deviations of GWR measurements (up to 0.24) in individual patients. In our cohort, at a GWR threshold of 1.10, this did not lead to any false poor neurological outcome prediction.ConclusionHuman and computer raters demonstrated high overall agreement in GWR determination in head CTs after CA. The clinically relevant deviations of GWR measurement in individual patients underscore the necessity of additional qualitative evaluation and integration of head CT findings into a multimodal approach to prognostication of neurological outcome after CA.
The visceral and liver fat are significantly associated with the prevalence of hyperuricemia among middle age and elderly people: A cross-sectional study in Chongqing, China
Authors: Bai Ruixue , Ying Xiuquan , Shen Jieqiang , Wu Tingting , Lai Xingyu , Wang Lingyun , Yu Meng , Qi Xiaoya , Mei Ying 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundThe prevalence of hyperuricemia (HUA) has been increasing in recent years. HUA is a crucial risk factor for gout and an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Identifying potentially modifiable factors of HUA is vital for preventing gout and even CVDs. This study aimed to explore the associations of fat distribution with HUA among middle-aged and elderly people in Chongqing, China.Materials and methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted between July 2020 and September 2021. People who underwent quantitative computed tomography (QCT) scans were invited to participate in the study. A total of 3,683 individuals whose clinical characteristics and QCT-based fat distribution measurements included visceral fat area (VFA), subcutaneous fat area (SFA), and liver fat content (LFC) were well-recorded were included. HUA was defined as having a serum uric acid level greater than 420.0 μmol/L. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between these adipose variables and HUA prevalence.ResultsThe HUA prevalence was 25.6% (943/3,683), which was 39.6% (817/2,063) in men and 7.8% (126/1,620) in women. In the fully adjusted model (model 4), the comparison of the highest one with the lowest quartiles of adipose variables showed that the multivariable OR (95% confidence intervals) of HUA were 2.08 (1.36–3.16; P for trend = 0.001) for VFA, 0.89 (0.63–1.25; P for trend = 0.651) for SFA, and 1.83 (1.42–2.34; P for trend &lt; 0.0001) for LFC. For VFA, the association was more evident in men than in women.ConclusionHigher VFA and LFC were significantly associated with the increased prevalence of HUA in middle-aged and elderly Chinese individuals. VFA and LFC may have a predictive effect on HUA. Controlling visceral and liver fat accumulation may be beneficial for middle-aged and older people. HUA can be prevented with specific effective healthy physical activity and balanced diet guidelines.