bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of pembrolizumab and comprehensive CD274/PD-L1 profiles in patients previously treated with chemoradiation therapy as radical treatment in bladder cancer
Authors: Nishimura Kazuki , Nishio Kyosuke , Hirosuna Kensuke , Komura Kazumasa , Hayashi Takuo , Fukuokaya Wataru , Ura Ayako , Uchimoto Taizo , Nakamura Ko , Fukushima Tatsuo , Yano Yusuke , Takahashi Nobushige , Nakamori Keita , Kinoshita Shoko , Matsunaga Tomohisa , Tsutsumi Takeshi , Tsujino Takuya , Taniguchi Kohei , Tanaka Tomohito , Uehara Hirofumi , Takahara Kiyoshi , Inamoto Teruo , Hirose Yoshinobu , Kimura Takahiro , Egawa Shin , Azuma Haruhito 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundChemoradiation therapy (CRT) has been increasingly reported as a possible alternative to total cystectomy (TC) for localized bladder cancer (BC). Pembrolizumab is the standard of care for platinum-refractory metastatic urothelial carcinoma, although it is unknown whether the efficacy of pembrolizumab in patients previously treated with curative CRT varies from the results of benchmark trials.MethodsWe retrospectively assessed whether the survival benefit of pembrolizumab differs between patients previously treated with TC or CRT as radical treatment. A total of 212 patient records were collected for a logistic regression propensity score model. An independent dataset with next-generation sequencing (n=289) and PD-L1 Combined Positive Score (CPS: n=266) was analyzed to assess whether CRT-recurrent tumor harbors distinct CD274/PD-L1 profiles.ResultsPropensity score matching was performed using putative clinical factors, from which 30 patients in each arm were identified as pair-matched groups. There was no significant difference in overall survival from the initiation of pembrolizumab (p=0.80) and objective response rate (p=0.59) between CRT and TC treatment groups. In the independent 289 BC cohort, 22 samples (7.6%) were collected as CRT-recurrent tumors. There was no significant difference in CD274 mRNA expression level between CRT-naïve and CRT-recurrent tumors. The compositions of CD274 isoforms were comparable among all isoforms detected from RNAseq between CRT-naïve (n=267) and CRT-recurrent (n=22) tumors. No actionable exonic mutation in CD274 was detected in CRT-recurrent tumors. PD-L1 CPS was positively correlated with CD274 mRNA expression level, and PD-L1 CPS was comparable between CRT-naïve and CRT-recurrent tumors.ConclusionsThe efficacy of pembrolizumab for patients previously treated with CRT was similar to those treated with TC. The enhanced tumor regression by combining programmed cell death protein 1/PD-L1 inhibitor and CRT might be expected only in the concurrent administration.
Theεv/εa–p′ method for the determination of instability of granular soils under constant shear drained stress path
Authors: Ahmed Shabir , Vinod J.S. , Sheikh M. Neaz , Fourie Andy , Reid David 
Published: January 2022

Past studies suggested various methods to determine the onset of instability of soil under constant shear drained (CSD) stress path using triaxial equipment. These methods were based on the characteristic features observed on the CSD stress path, axial and volumetric strains. However, the characteristic features are not similar for every soil leading to inconsistencies in predicting the onset of instability under the CSD stress path. This paper presents a strain ratio (εv/εa) – mean effective stress (p′) based method for determining the onset of instability of sand in the CSD stress path. The proposed method identifies the onset of instability at the drop of the εv/εa–p′ curve and features a distinctive value to mark the onset of instability. A series of CSD tests have been carried out on sand samples to verify the applicability of the proposed method. The proposed method captured the onset of instability similar to the other methods available in the literature.
Short-term legacy effects of feedlot manure amendments on surface soil CO2 efflux under irrigated silage barley in Southern Alberta
Authors: Miller J.J. , Owen M.L. , Drury C.F. , Chanasyk D.S. 
Published: January 2022

The short-term legacy effects following long-term (17 yr) feedlot manure application on CO2 efflux for a surface soil (clay loam) were studied over 2 yr (2016–2017) on a Dark Brown Chernozem in southern Alberta. The five treatments were stockpiled (SM) or composted (CM) manure with either straw (ST) or wood-chips (WD) bedding applied at 77 Mg·ha−1 (dry wt.) and an unamended control (CON). Surface soil efflux was measured during the growing season of the 2 yr using the dynamic, closed-chamber method. Ancillary measurements (soil water and temperature, total carbon, bulk density) were also obtained. Soil CO2 efflux was similar (P > 0.05) among the four amended treatments in the first (0.63–0.86 g·m−2·h−1) and second (0.40–0.46 g·m−2·h−1) years. However, soil CO2 efflux was significantly greater for amended than unamended treatments by 54–110% in the first year (CON = 0.41 g·m−2·h−1) and by 33–53% in the second year (CON = 0.30 g·m−2·h−1). Soil CO2 efflux was similar for SM and CM in both years and was significantly greater for WD than ST bedding in the first but not second year. Weak positive correlations (r ≤ 0.39) occurred between soil CO2 efflux and total soil C, water-filled pore space (WFPS), and soil temperature. Overall, our findings suggested that legacy effects of manure may persist for 1–2 yr following discontinued applications, but are mostly restricted to greater soil CO2 efflux for amended than unamended soils.
Improvement in the Appearance and Function of the Hand at 2 Weeks after Percutaneous Needle Fasciotomy for Dupuytren Disease
Authors: JOHNSON Nick , KURIEN Tom , SELBY Anna , O’BRIEN Mary 
Published: January 2022

Background: Percutaneous needle fasciotomy (PNF) has been successfully used for the treatment of contracture bands in the hand in patients with Dupuytren disease. The aim of this study is to determine aesthetic and functional outcomes at 2 weeks following PNF in patients with Dupuytren contracture. Methods: Seventy-five patients undergoing PNF for Dupuytren disease during a 4-month period were included. Patients completed the Visual Analogue Appearance Score (VAAS), Derriford Appearance Score (DAS), and the quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score (QuickDASH) preoperatively and at 2 weeks after surgery. In addition, VAAS was done in the immediate postoperative period as well. Results: Seventy-four (99%) patients completed the immediate postoperative VAAS scores and 51 (68%) completed the VAAS, DAS, and QuickDASH at 2 weeks. Preoperative VAAS fell from 6.01 to 1.53 (p < 0.0001) immediately post operation. Two weeks later, VAAS increased to 2.91 but was still significantly lower than preoperatively (p < 0.0001). DAS was unchanged. QuickDASH decreased from 22.4 preoperatively to 12.1 2 weeks later (p = 0.001). Conclusion: PNF for Dupuytren contracture resulted in improvement in both aesthetic and functional outcomes at 2 weeks. Longer term follow-up is required to determine whether these improvements are sustained. Level of Evidence: Level IV (Therapeutic)
A Comparison of Outcomes of ‘Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Tenodesis’ versus ‘No Tenodesis’ after Resection of the Distal Ulna in Patients with Giant Cell Tumor
Authors: SAHITO Badaruddin , ALI Sheikh Muhammad Ebad , QAMAR Javeria , KATTO Muhammad Soughat , AHMED Malik Wasim , JAMIL Muhammad 
Published: January 2022

Background: One of the methods of stabilizing the stump of the ulna following resection of the distal ulna is tenodesis of the extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU). Some studies have recommended stabilization, whereas others have not found it useful. Most of these studies have a mix of different pathologies and often do not have a control group. The aim of this study is to compare the outcomes of ECU tenodesis versus no tenodesis after resection of the distal ulna in patients with grade III giant cell tumor (GCT) of the distal ulna. Methods: The retrospective study included 10 patients with Campanacci grade III GCT of the distal ulna treated by resection of the distal ulna between 2014 and 2019. Patients were stratified into two groups based on whether they underwent ECU tenodesis (n = 5) or no tenodesis (n = 5). The patients were assessed at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months for complications and outcomes using the Mayo wrist score (MWS) and the revised musculoskeletal tumor society score (MSTS). Results: The MWS and the MSTS were significantly better in the ECU tenodesis group at 6 weeks. At 6 months, MWS was similar in both groups, but MSTS continued to be significantly better in ECU tenodesis group. At 12 months, both groups reported similar MWS and MSTS. There were no recurrences in either groups. One patient in the ECU tenodesis group developed ECU tendonitis that resolved with conservative treatment. Conclusions: The outcomes of ECU tenodesis were better in the short term (6 months), although both groups reported similar outcomes at 12 months. Level of Evidence: Level III (Therapeutic)
The Effects and Safety of Chinese Herbal Medicine on Blood Lipid Profiles in Placebo-Controlled Weight-Loss Trials: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wong Ann Rann , Yang Angela Wei Hong , Li Mingdi , Hung Andrew , Gill Harsharn , Lenon George Binh 
Published: January 2022

This study was conducted to assess the effects and safety of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) on blood lipids among adults with overweight or obesity. Fourteen bibliographic databases were comprehensively searched, from their respective inceptions up to April 2021, for randomised placebo-controlled weight-loss trials using CHM formulation on total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol over ≥4 weeks. Data collection, risk of bias assessment, and statistical analyses were guided by the Cochrane Handbook (v6.1). Continuous outcomes were expressed as the mean difference with 95% confidence intervals, and categorical outcomes were expressed as a risk ratio with 95% confidence intervals. All analyses were two-tailed with a statistical significance of

p

< 0.05. Fifteen eligible studies with 1,533 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Findings from meta-analyses indicated that CHM interventions, compared to placebo, reduced triglyceride (MD −0.21 mmol/L, 95% CI −0.41 to −0.02, I2 = 81%) and increased HDL cholesterol (MD 0.16 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.27, I2 = 94%) over a median of 12 weeks. The reduction in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were not statistically significant. Furthermore, the tendency of reduced triglycerides was identified among overweight participants with high baseline triglycerides. Attrition rates and frequency of adverse events were indifferent between the two groups. CHM may provide lipid-modulating benefits on triglycerides and HDL cholesterol among participants with overweight/obesity, with the tendency for significant triglyceride reduction observed among overweight participants with high baseline triglycerides. However, rigorously conducted randomised controlled trials with larger sample sizes are required to validate these findings.
Treatment of Coronal Plane Femoral Intertrochanteric Fractures with a Microexternal Fixator Combined with Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation
Authors: Mingke Zhou  , Chen Yuan , Qian Jun , Zeng Yunji , Huang Liangshan , Zheng Yuanlei 
Published: January 2022

Objective. To investigate the different efficacy of proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) combined with or without a microexternal fixator in the treatment of coral-plane femoral intertrochanteric fractures. Methods. 120 patients with intertrochanteric coronal fractures who received treatment in four hospitals from February 2020 to February 2021 were retrospectively included in this study. They were divided into control (PFNA alone, n = 60) and combined treatment group (a microexternal fixator + PFNA, n = 60) according to different surgery methods. All patients were followed up for 6 months. Operative time, amount of intraoperative blood loss, postoperative length of hospital stays, fracture healing time, Harris hip score, modified Barthel index, hip function excellent and good rate, and incidence of complications were compared between the two groups. Results. There were no significant differences in operative time, amount of intraoperative blood loss, postoperative length of hospital stay, and incidence of complications between the two groups (all

P

> 0.05). Fracture healing time in the combined treatment group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (

P

< 0.05). After surgery, Harris hip score and modified Barthel index in each group were significantly increased compared with before surgery (both

P

< 0.05). The increases in Harris hip score and modified Barthel index in the combined treatment group were significantly greater than those in the control group (both

P

< 0.05). After surgery, Harris hip function excellent and good rate in the combined treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group (83.33% > 66.67%,

P

< 0.05). Conclusion. Compared with PFNA alone, a microexternal fixator combined with PFNA for the treatment of coronal plane femoral intertrochanteric fractures can greatly shorten fracture healing time and improve postoperative hip function and activities of living ability, but it cannot greatly increase operative time, the amount of intraoperative blood loss, or the risk of postoperative complications.
Evaluation of the Accumulation Conditions and Favorable Areas of Shale Gas in the Upper Palaeozoic Marine-Continental Transitional Facies in the Daning-Jixian Area, Ordos Basin
Authors: Zeng Xu , Wang Wei , Cao Qian , Zhou Shangwen , Dong Guodong , Wang Aiming , Chen Zhixin , Mei Hua 
Published: January 2022

This study focuses on the organic-rich mud shale in the Upper Palaeozoic transitional facies in the southeastern margin of the Ordos Basin. It systematically analyzes the shale gas accumulation conditions of the organic-rich mud shale in the Lower Permian Shanxi-Taiyuan Formation, including the thickness, distribution, organic matter type and content, thermal maturity, reservoir space, gas-bearing property, and rock brittleness. The results show that the thick dark mud shale contains a high organic matter content, is a suitable kerogen type for gas generation, and exhibits moderate thermal evolution, providing excellent conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation. Residual primary pores formed by shale compaction, secondary pores formed by organic matter hydrocarbon generation, clay mineral transformation and dissolution, and fractures provide suitable reservoir spaces for shale gas. The shale in the study area has a higher gas content than the shale strata in the marine basins of the United States. In addition, the content of brittle minerals such as quartz is higher, and Poisson’s ratio is lower, facilitating the subsequent transformation. The accumulation conditions indicate the high potential of the study area for shale gas exploration and development. The geological analogy method is used to compare the study area with five major shale gas basins in the United States. The results indicate that the shale gas resources of the Shanxi-Taiyuan Formation in the study area are in the range of 2800–

3200
×
10

8 m3. The primary controlling factors affecting shale gas reservoirs in this area are the abundance of organic matter, thermal maturity, shale thickness, and quartz content. Favorable areas are predicted based on these factors.
Cultura e comunicação pós-massiva
Authors: Montenegro Tatiana Martins , Arazimo Carlos Yander Aguiar , Mello Anna Cecília Chaves Limongi de 
Published: January 2022

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de promover reflexões acerca do cenário atual da música muito popular brasileira, sua configuração histórica e perspectivas. Por meio de pesquisas de cunho bibliográfico e documental, foram investigados os mecanismos que contribuíram para um entendimento da legitimidade da cultura popular nacional, com ênfase na música e no impacto das novas tecnologias para a produção e disseminação das manifestações artísticas. A partir dos apontamentos levantados, avalia-se que a cena da música brasileira contemporânea é diretamente afetada pelas transformações tecnológicas e macroambientais e que a principal característica da música nacional hoje é o hibridismo, dado que o mesmo define os artistas, as canções, o estilo, o público e os canais de comunicação utilizados para a prática desta manifestação cultural.
Myocardial Rev-erb–Mediated Diurnal Metabolic Rhythm and Obesity Paradox
Authors: Song Shiyang , Tien Chih-Liang , Cui Hao , Basil Paul , Zhu Ningxia , Gong Yingyun , Li Wenbo , Li Hui , Fan Qiying , Min Choi Jong , Luo Weijia , Xue Yanfeng , Cao Rui , Zhou Wenjun , Ortiz Andrea R. , Stork Brittany , Mundra Vatsala , Putluri Nagireddy , York Brian , Chu Maoping , Chang Jiang , Yun Jung Sung , Xie Liang , Song Jiangping , Zhang Lilei , Sun Zheng 
Published: January 2022

Background:
The nuclear receptor Rev-erbα/β, a key component of the circadian clock, emerges as a drug target for heart diseases, but the function of cardiac Rev-erb has not been studied in vivo. Circadian disruption is implicated in heart diseases, but it is unknown whether cardiac molecular clock dysfunction is associated with the progression of any naturally occurring human heart diseases. Obesity paradox refers to the seemingly protective role of obesity for heart failure, but the mechanism is unclear.

Methods:
We generated mouse lines with cardiac-specific Rev-erbα/β knockout (KO), characterized cardiac phenotype, conducted multi-omics (RNA-sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, proteomics, and metabolomics) analyses, and performed dietary and pharmacological rescue experiments to assess the time-of-the-day effects. We compared the temporal pattern of cardiac clock gene expression with the cardiac dilation severity in failing human hearts.

Results:
KO mice display progressive dilated cardiomyopathy and lethal heart failure. Inducible ablation of Rev-erbα/β in adult hearts causes similar phenotypes. Impaired fatty acid oxidation in the KO myocardium, in particular, in the light cycle, precedes contractile dysfunctions with a reciprocal overreliance on carbohydrate utilization, in particular, in the dark cycle. Increasing dietary lipid or sugar supply in the dark cycle does not affect cardiac dysfunctions in KO mice. However, obesity coupled with systemic insulin resistance paradoxically ameliorates cardiac dysfunctions in KO mice, associated with rescued expression of lipid oxidation genes only in the light cycle in phase with increased fatty acid availability from adipose lipolysis. Inhibition of glycolysis in the light cycle and lipid oxidation in the dark cycle, but not vice versa, ameliorate cardiac dysfunctions in KO mice. Altered temporal patterns of cardiac Rev-erb gene expression correlate with the cardiac dilation severity in human hearts with dilated cardiomyopathy.

Conclusions:
The study delineates temporal coordination between clock-mediated anticipation and nutrient-induced response in myocardial metabolism at multi-omics levels. The obesity paradox is attributable to increased cardiac lipid supply from adipose lipolysis in the fasting cycle due to systemic insulin resistance and adiposity. Cardiac molecular chronotypes may be involved in human dilated cardiomyopathy. Myocardial bioenergetics downstream of Rev-erb may be a chronotherapy target in treating heart failure and dilated cardiomyopathy.
COVID-19 and the Decline of the Social State in Nigeria’s Federal Democracy
Authors: Isike Christopher , Ihembe Martin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic cuts across all spheres of human life, and it has exposed fundamental weaknesses in political values, governance systems, public health and social life in different parts of the world. In Africa, although with relatively less death rates than initially predicted, the pandemic has also exposed weaknesses in the continent’s political and public health systems. This article analyses how Nigeria’s public health sector has fared against the COVID-19 pandemic in the face of a declining social state and an ascending political state within a skewed federal democracy. This is useful for testing the relationship between effective public healthcare delivery and political systems in Africa.
Distinguishing between the social and political states, the article argues that the social state in Nigeria has declined further in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Dialectically, as the social state declines, the political state ascends, and this is reflected in the considerations that drive the strained intergovernmental relations which characterise the federal and state governments’ responses to the coronavirus. Therefore, like all countries of the world irrespective of ideological leaning and political system, Nigeria needs a strong state with a social component in the long term to combat COVID-19. In the short term, measures aimed at changing the behavior of Nigerians will help arrest the growing tide of infections and death rates.
A Cross-Cultural Study on the Capability Development Difference of Educational Management Technology in China and the West
Authors: Wang Ying , Chen Qiuzhu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Against the background of “Internet plus,” western countries have taken a lead in modernizing educational management technology to fit the times. The application of education management technology in China is in a period of rapid development. There are certain differences between China and western countries. In order to adapt to the intelligent trend of contemporary education management reform and improve the national macro education management level, there should be cross-cultural thinking on the differences in the development of educational management technology capabilities between China and the West. Based on the literature analysis of Chinese and Western education management technology and education management theory, and based on the research data of 8 domestic colleges and universities education management technology, we explored the development differences between China and the West in teaching evaluation, multimedia teaching, and teaching decision-making. The results showed that ideology, national conditions and technology are the main influencing factor of the differences in the development of educational management technology capabilities between China and the West. We need to create a cross-cultural education concept conflict, cross-cultural perspective to re-plan the teacher’s positioning, and fundamentally change the concept of teachers to accept Western education management models in China. The application proportion of education management technology should be allocated based on the actual teaching situation, to increase the teaching utilization rate of multimedia equipment, and reduce unnecessary multimedia teaching. Data-driven intelligent teaching decision-making technology should be developed to guide teaching behavior scientifically and efficiently. Finally, we should construct a modern management system in line with national conditions, as well as narrow the gap between Chinese and western educational management.