bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Listening to the Patient Voice Adds Value to Cancer Clinical Trials
Authors: Brundage Michael D , Crossnohere Norah L , O’Donnell Jennifer , Cruz Rivera Samantha , Wilson Roger , Wu Albert W , Moher David , Kyte Derek , Reeve Bryce B , Gilbert Alexandra , Chen Ronald C , Calvert Melanie J , Snyder Claire 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRandomized clinical trials are critical for evaluating the safety and efficacy of interventions in oncology and informing regulatory decisions, practice guidelines, and health policy. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are increasingly used in randomized trials to reflect the impact of receiving cancer therapies from the patient perspective and can inform evaluations of interventions by providing evidence that cannot be obtained or deduced from clinicians’ reports or from other biomedical measures. This commentary focuses on how PROs add value to clinical trials by representing the patient voice. We employed 2 previously published descriptive frameworks (addressing how PROs are used in clinical trials and how PROs have an impact, respectively) and selected 9 clinical trial publications that illustrate the value of PROs according to the framework categories. These include 3 trials where PROs were a primary trial endpoint, 3 trials where PROs as secondary endpoints supported the primary endpoint, and 3 trials where PROs as secondary endpoints contrast the primary endpoint findings in clinically important ways. The 9 examples illustrate that PROs add valuable data to the care and treatment context by informing future patients about how they may feel and function on different treatments and by providing clinicians with evidence to support changes to clinical practice and shared decision making. Beyond the patient and clinician, PROs can enable administrators to consider the cost-effectiveness of implementing new interventions and contribute vital information to policy makers, health technology assessors, and regulators. These examples provide a strong case for the wider implementation of PROs in cancer trials.
A survey of deuterated ammonia in the Cepheus star-forming region L1251
Authors: Galloway-Sprietsma Maria , Shirley Yancy L , Di Francesco James , Keown Jared , Scibelli Samantha , Sipilä Olli , Smullen Rachel 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Understanding the chemical processes during starless core and prestellar core evolution is an important step in understanding the initial stages of star and disc formation. This project is a study of deuterated ammonia, o-NH2D, in the L1251 star-forming region towards Cepheus. Twenty-two dense cores (20 of which are starless or prestellar, and two of which have a protostar), previously identified by p-NH3 (1,1) observations, were targeted with the 12m Arizona Radio Observatory telescope on Kitt Peak. o-NH2D J$_{\rm {K_a} \rm {K_c}}^{\pm } =$$1_{11}^{+} \rightarrow 1_{01}^{-}$ was detected in 13 (59 per cent) of the NH3-detected cores with a median sensitivity of $\sigma _{T_{mb}} = 17$ mK. All cores detected in o-NH2D at this sensitivity have p-NH3 column densities &gt;1014 cm−2. The o-NH2D column densities were calculated using the constant excitation temperature (CTEX) approximation while correcting for the filling fraction of the NH3 source size. The median deuterium fraction was found to be 0.11 (including 3σ upper limits). However, there are no strong, discernible trends in plots of deuterium fraction with any physical or evolutionary variables. If the cores in L1251 have similar initial chemical conditions, then this result is evidence of the cores physically evolving at different rates.
Home Smoke-Free Policies as Children Age: Urban, Rural, and Suburban Differences
Authors: Mantey Dale S , Omega-Njemnobi Onyinye , Hunt Ethan T , Lanza Kevin , Cristol Benjamin , Kelder Steven H 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Parents/guardians can effectively reduce tobacco smoking and secondhand smoke exposure among youth by adopting and enforcing rules against indoor tobacco smoking (ie, home smoke-free policies). We investigate home smoke-free policies from childhood to adolescence in the United States and across rural, suburban, and urban households.

Aims and Methods
We analyzed 2019–2020 National Survey of Children’s Health data from n = 5,955 parents of youth aged 0–17, living at home with a tobacco smoker in the United States (U.S). Geographical categories were: rural, suburban, and urban. Home smoke-free policy reflected prohibiting tobacco smoking inside the home. Weighted logistic regressions examined the (1) association between youth age and home smoke-free policies, (2) interaction between geographic category and youth age, and (3) differing associations between youth age and home smoke-free policies by geography. Models controlled for youth race, ethnicity, sex, parental education, household annual income, and home structure.

Results
Approximately 13.2% of U.S. households with a smoker did not have a home smoke-free policy. Stratified analyses found one-year increase in youth age was associated with lower odds of having a home smoke-free policy in rural (aOR:0.91; 95%CI: 0.87–0.95) and urban (aOR: 0.96; 95%CI: 0.92–1.00; p = .039), but not suburban (aOR:1.00; 95%CI: 0.95–1.05) households, controlling for covariates.

Conclusion
Odds of having a smoke-free home in the U.S. declined significantly in rural (9% per year) and urban (4%) but not suburban (0%) households. We quantify declines in home smoke-free policies as children age and identify geographic disparities for this environmental determinant of health.

Implications
Health promotion efforts targeting secondhand smoke prevention is needed, particularly for parents of older youth. Furthermore, there is a clear geographic bias in secondhand smoke exposure among all youth particularly older youth. Tailored interventions are needed to address geographic disparities in secondhand smoke exposure among rural and urban youth.
Reducing agency and social costs by keeping kids in school and out of the justice system: A cost–benefit analysis of the Philadelphia Police School Diversion Program
Authors: NeMoyer Amanda , Mai Chris , Kreimer Rena , Le TuQuynh , Pollard Angela , Goldstein Naomi E S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Growing recognition of the school-to-prison pipeline and its associated detrimental effects has spurred efforts aimed at reducing the rate of school-based arrests across the United States. One such initiative, the Philadelphia Police School Diversion Program, has demonstrated promising findings related to reduced numbers of school-based arrests and improved school outcomes among youth. However, without information about the financial costs and benefits associated with program operation, stakeholders may be hesitant to implement similar programming in other localities. Therefore, we conducted a cost–benefit analysis of the Philadelphia Police School Diversion Program. Results indicated that this diversion program produced approximately $1.6 million in inflation-adjusted net benefit in its first year of operation and approximately $1.9 million in inflation-adjusted net benefit in its fifth year of operation. Findings may inform decisions about program replication in other jurisdictions where stakeholders seek alternative school policing strategies.
Remaking the Sustainable Development Goals: relational Indigenous epistemologies
Authors: Waldmüller Johannes M , Yap Mandy , Watene Krushil 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhile the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were inclusive in their design, the reliance on official measurement infrastructures has upheld narrow definitions of both the terms of sustainability and development. Indigenous and non-Indigenous “governance beyond the state” approaches call these definitions into question. They highlight that disaggregated official data are unable to fully reflect alternative grounds and aspirations of living sustainably with the environment and non-human world. Relational Indigenous epistemologies and practices contribute to alternative epistemic infrastructures. In this paper, three examples from the Andean-Pacific region provide an alternative lens through which to reconceptualize and remake the SDG landscape. Together this suite of cases highlights the importance of bottom-up articulation processes, knowledge inclusion, and alternative epistemic harmonization for operationalizing the SDGs. In particular, we highlight the urgent need to renegotiate the relationship between Indigenous communities and the global measurement infrastructure in order to pursue and realize global sustainability goals.
Comparative physiological and transcriptome analysis reveals the potential mechanism of selenium accumulation and tolerance to selenate toxicity of Broussonetia papyrifera
Authors: Chen Qiangwen , Yu Li , Chao Wei , Xiang Juan , Yang Xiaoyan , Ye Jiabao , Liao Xiaoli , Zhou Xian , Rao Shen , Cheng Shuiyuan , Cong Xin , Xiao Bo , Xu Feng 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Broussonetia papyrifera is an important fodder tree that is widely distributed in China. Enhancing the selenium (Se) content in B. papyrifera may help to improve the nutritional value of the feed. In this study, sodium selenite and selenate were foliar applied to investigate the mechanisms of Se tolerance and accumulation in B. papyrifera. The results showed that both Se forms significantly increased the total Se content, and the proportion of organic Se was significantly higher in the sodium selenite treatment than in the control. In addition, the soluble sugar, phenolic acid and flavonoid contents and antioxidant enzyme activities were increased by exogenous Se. The de novo RNA sequencing results showed that 644 and 1804 differentially expressed genes were identified in the selenite and selenate comparison groups, respectively. Pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that 24 of the 108 pathways were significantly enriched, of which sulfur assimilation genes in the sodium selenite-treated groups were upregulated, whereas Se conjugation and transporter genes, such as SBP1, PCS, GSTs, ABCs and GPX, were significantly induced under selenate treatment. The hub genes identified by weighted-gene co-expression network analysis further confirmed that sulfur assimilation, conjugation and transporter genes might play a vital role in Se assimilation and tolerance. From this, a model of Se metabolism in B. papyrifera was proposed based on the above physiological and RNA sequencing data. This study is the first study to report that B. papyrifera has a strong ability to accumulate and tolerate exogenous Se, thereby providing a foundation for further characterization of the accumulation and tolerance mechanism of B. papyrifera. Our findings can provide technical support for producing Se-enriched fodder.
Sexual Mixing by HIV Status and Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: Addressing Information Bias
Authors: Maloney Kevin M. , Benkeser David , Sullivan Patrick S. , Kelley Colleen , Sanchez Travis , Jenness Samuel M. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Population-level estimates of sexual network mixing for parameterizing prediction models of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) effectiveness are needed to inform prevention of HIV transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM). Estimates obtained by egocentric sampling are vulnerable to information bias due to incomplete respondent knowledge.

Methods:
We estimated patterns of serosorting and PrEP sorting among MSM in the United States using data from a 2017–2019 egocentric sexual network study. Respondents served as proxies to report the HIV status and PrEP use of recent sexual partners. We contrasted results from a complete-case analysis (unknown HIV and PrEP excluded) versus a bias analysis with respondent-reported data stochastically reclassified to simulate unobserved self-reported data from sexual partners.

Results:
We found strong evidence of preferential partnering across analytical approaches. The bias analysis showed concordance between sexual partners of HIV diagnosis and PrEP use statuses for MSM with diagnosed HIV (39%; 95% simulation interval: 31, 46), MSM who used PrEP (32%; 21, 37), and MSM who did not use PrEP (83%; 79, 87). The fraction of partners with diagnosed HIV was higher among MSM who used PrEP (11%; 9, 14) compared with MSM who did not use PrEP (4%; 3, 5). Comparatively, across all strata of respondents, the complete-case analysis overestimated the fractions of partners with diagnosed HIV or PrEP use.

Conclusions:
We found evidence consistent with HIV and PrEP sorting among MSM, which may decrease the population-level effectiveness of PrEP. Bias analyses can improve mixing estimates for parameterization of transmission models.
Homogeneity in the Instrument-exposure Association and Point Estimation Using Binary Instrumental Variables
Authors: Hartwig Fernando Pires , Wang Linbo , Davey Smith George , Davies Neil Martin 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Interpreting instrumental variable results often requires further assumptions in addition to the core assumptions of relevance, independence, and the exclusion restriction.

Methods:
We assess whether instrument-exposure additive homogeneity renders the Wald estimand equal to the average derivative effect (ADE) in the case of a binary instrument and a continuous exposure.

Results:
Instrument-exposure additive homogeneity is insufficient for ADE identification when the instrument is binary, the exposure is continuous, and the effect of the exposure on the outcome is nonlinear on the additive scale. For a binary exposure, the exposure-outcome effect is necessarily additive linear, so the homogeneity condition is sufficient.

Conclusions:
For binary instruments, instrument-exposure additive homogeneity identifies the ADE if the exposure is also binary. Otherwise, additional assumptions (such as additive linearity of the exposure-outcome effect) are required.
Adenomyosis and fertility: does adenomyosis impact fertility and does treatment improve outcomes
Authors: French Hannah M. , Zhang Wenjia , Movilla Peter R. , Isaacson Keith B. , Morris Stephanie N. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
Adenomyosis has recently been associated with infertility. Relief of bleeding and pain has been demonstrated with medical and surgical therapy. Less is known about reproductive outcomes after treatment.

Recent findings
Imaging findings during infertility evaluation can be suggestive of adenomyosis without pathologic evaluation. Among women with infertility undergoing assisted reproductive technologies (ART), adenomyosis is associated with lower live birth rates and clinical pregnancy rates. Treatment with gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) modulators prior to frozen embryo transfer may increase the live birth rate and clinical pregnancy rate among women with adenomyosis. Pregnancy has been documented following image-guided adenomyosis ablation; however, the reproductive impact is not well established. Pregnancy following excisional procedures appears to be well tolerated, although may carry a higher risk of uterine rupture compared with pregnancy following myomectomy. It is not clear if ablative therapy or resection increases pregnancy rates.

Summary
Adenomyosis is associated with lower embryo implantation rates and ongoing pregnancy rates. Adenomyotic changes in the uterus can be seen by ultrasound and MRI. GnRH modulators may be useful for women with adenomyosis undergoing ART. Additional prospective data is warranted to determine the optimal medical or surgical therapy for women with adenomyosis desiring conception.
Video abstract Supplementary digital content, http://links.lww.com/COOG/A78.
Training for the future
Authors: Ghidei Luwam , Frishman Gary N. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
The aim of this study was to review the evolving field of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (REI) and describe the current and future challenges REI fellowship programmes in the United States are facing.

Recent findings
The field of REI continues to rapidly evolve largely due to the tremendous advances within the assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). Alongside this evolution, there is a lessening emphasis on graduates being proficient in all aspects of REI. Ongoing revisions to the REI fellowship structure reflect these changes in technology and contemporary practice patterns.

Summary
REI is a rapidly evolving field and fellowship training is continually adapting to meet the changing landscape of our field.
Radiofrequency ablation methods for uterine sparing fibroid treatment
Authors: Baxter Briana L. , Seaman Sierra J. , Arora Chetna , Kim Jin Hee 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
This article provides a clinical review of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for the treatment of uterine leiomyomas.

Recent findings
RFA is an effective and durable treatment for fibroids with sustained improvements in fibroid volume, bleeding, and patient reported outcomes with low reintervention rates. Although fertility data is limited, it is overall positive and may represent a uterine conserving and fertility preserving treatment modality.

Summary
RFA is a safe and effective uterine preserving treatment option for symptomatic leiomyomas.
Third trimester uterine artery Doppler for prediction of adverse perinatal outcomes
Authors: Duncan Jose R. , Schenone Claudio V. , Običan Sarah G. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
Abnormal uterine artery Doppler (UtAD) studies early in gestation have been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, their association with complications in the third trimester is weak. We aim to review the prediction ability for perinatal complications of these indices in the third trimester.

Recent findings
Abnormal UtAD waveforms in the third trimester are associated with preeclampsia, small-for-gestational age infants (SGA), preterm birth, perinatal death, and other perinatal complications, such as cesarean section for fetal distress, 5 min low Apgar score, low umbilical artery pH, and neonatal admission to the ICU, particularly in SGA infants. UtAD prediction performance is improved by the addition of maternal characteristics as well as biochemical markers to prediction models and is more precise if the evaluation is made closer to delivery or diagnosis.

Summary
This review shows that the prediction accuracy of UtAD for adverse pregnancy outcomes during the third trimester is moderate at best. UtAD have limited additive value to prediction models that include PlGF and sFlt-1. Serial assessments rather than a single third trimester evaluation may enhance the prediction performance of the UtAD combined models.
Nonsurgical management of adenomyosis: an overview of current evidence
Authors: Lazaridis Alexandros , Grammatis Alexandros L. , Spencer Stuart , Hirsch Martin 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
Adenomyosis is a condition where endometrium-like tissue spreads within the myometrium. Although its prevalence in the general population is not exactly known, its clinical manifestations are well established and include pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea (painful periods), heavy menstrual bleeding and subfertility [1]. Adenomyosis often coexists with other gynaecological conditions, such as endometriosis or fibroids, and may cloud the clinical presentation [2]. The aim of this article is to review current noninterventional, nonsurgical management modalities and wherever possible offer information that allows women to make safe and informed choices regarding their treatment options.

Recent findings
Recent studies support that medical strategies, including the Mirena coil, Dienogest and GnRH antagonists, are efficient in improving adenomyosis-associated symptoms. High-quality evidence is scarce and is needed to properly counsel women with this condition. Future research should prioritize overall pain, menstrual bleeding, quality of life and live birth as primary outcomes and assess women with different grades of adenomyosis.

Summary
This review provides the most current evidence with regards to the nonsurgical management of adenomyosis. In light of the paucity and low quality of existing data, high-quality trials are needed to definitely determine the impact of conservative and medical treatment on the clinical management of adenomyosis.
Long-term Growth, Functional, and Aesthetic Outcomes after Fibula Free Flap Reconstruction for Mandibulectomy Performed in Children
Authors: Shahzad Farooq , Henderson Peter W. , Matros Evan , Cordeiro Peter G. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
The long-term outcome of mandible reconstruction when performed in children has not been well documented.

Methods:
This is a retrospective case series of patients who underwent immediate oncologic mandible reconstruction with a fibula free flap at younger than 18 years of age over a 20-year period, by a single surgeon, who had long-term follow-up.

Results:
A total of 10 patients met inclusion criteria. Patient age ranged from 3 years and 8 months to 17 years and 9 months (mean 11 years). The etiology was malignant tumors in seven patients and benign locally aggressive tumors in three patients. All fibula flaps survived. All donor sites were closed primarily. The mean follow-up duration was 10 years and 5 months (range 3–20 years). The mean patient age at follow-up was 21 years and 10 months (range 8 years and 9 months to 30 years and 9 months). All patients achieved a regular diet and normal speech. Final occlusion was normal in seven of 10 patients. The aesthetic outcome, as evaluated by clinical examination, was a symmetric mandible in eight patients (in the other two the aesthetic asymmetry and malocclusion was minor and did not require operative intervention). Dental implants were ultimately placed in three patients. Leg function was normal in eight patients. Achilles lengthening and tendon transfer was required in one patient, and one patient developed ankle pain associated with running.

Conclusion:
Mandible reconstruction in children with the fibula free flap provides excellent aesthetic and functional outcomes that are durable over time.