bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactive effects of silicon and arbuscular mycorrhiza on root growth, uptake of several soil elements, antioxidant potential, and secondary metabolites of Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) under water-deficit condition
Authors: Haghighi Tahereh Movahhed , Saharkhiz Mohammad , Zarei Mehdi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
AimsWater deficit affect agricultural systems negatively globally. This research objective was to mitigate drought detrimental effects on Licorice growth, utilizing biofertilizer and mineral nutrition. Exogenous application of silicon (Si) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may help licorice plant cope with drought stress. MethodsAn experiment was designed with two Si solute levels in irrigation water (i.e. 0 (Si0) and 300 mg/L (Si1)), two levels of AMF inoculation (i.e. inoculation with Claroiedoglomus etunicatum (F1) and without inoculation (F0)), and five soil moisture regimes (i.e. 100, 80, 60, 40 and 20% of field capacity (FC). The impacts of Si and AMF were assessed on licorice yield, mineral uptake, antioxidant potential, and secondary metabolites under water-deficit stress. After two months, the plants were harvested and their morphological traits were measured. Root extracts were utilized for secondary metabolites and nutrient determination. ResultsUnder water deficit conditions, there were significant decreases in root length, diameter, and dry weight (DW) (p<0.05), compared to the control. Si and AMF could significantly (p<0.05) enhance root area (47.75-150.64 cm2) under all irrigation levels. Also, Si significantly (p<0.05) increased the level of root colonization in licorice. The maximum glycyrrhizic acid (GA) (26.62 mg/g DW) was achieved by the interaction between Si and AMF in response to 40% FC. A reduction in total flavonoids and phenolics of licorice was observed under severe drought levels; however, the Si and AMF acted to increase sinapic acid (16.46 mg/g DW), and trans ferulic acid (1.11 mg/g DW) in roots. The results indicated that the interaction between Si and AMF positively affected nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) concentrations in roots (53.51 and 74.07 %, respectively). At low irrigation levels, the concentrations of P and Si elements increased significantly in the roots. Also, there was an increase in potassium concentration (K) in response to 100, 80, and 40% FC among Si-treated plants (38.5-44.7%). ConclusionsThe exogenous application of Si and AMF showed a synergistic impact on the ability to mitigate the adverse effects of drought stress by improving plant growth and enhancing metabolite accumulation in licorice. These findings bring prospective insight into world water deficit crisis conquering.
Ultrasound Evaluation of Endothelial Dysfunction in Immunoglobulin-Resistant Children with Acute Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Wen Yizhou , Yang Yanfeng , Wen Yang , Xi Jimei , Chen Tingting , Lu Yaheng , Liu Yiling , Si Feifei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose Clinically, some children with Kawasaki disease (KD) who do not respond to the first application of gamma globulin therapy have a longer course of disease and a higher risk of coronary artery damage. The characteristics of vascular endothelial dysfunction in intravenous immune globulin (IVIG)-resistant patients during the acute phase are not well described. We aimed to determine whether indicators that detect the situation of the endothelium are useful parameters that can accurately reflect subclinical dysfunction in resistant patients and may assist in differentiating patients with KD at a higher risk of IVIG resistance.Methods Fifty IVIG-resistant KD children, 120 IVIG-responsive KD children, 70 febrile children with acute upper respiratory infection and 100 healthy controls were recruited, and indicators reflecting endothelial inflammation, including flow-mediated dilation (FMD), were measured. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was utilized to determine the threshold values of these parameters associated with IVIG resistance. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine whether FMD was an independent predictor of IVIG-resistant patients.Results Compared with normal children, febrile children and IVIG-sensitive KD patients, IVIG-resistant patients had lower FMD (P<0.05) and higher carotid artery intima-media (CIMT) (P<0.05). Laboratory data demonstrated that the percentage of neutrophils (N %) and the levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and serum procalcitonin (PCT) were significantly higher in the IVIG-resistant group than in the IVIG-responsive group, while the levels of albumin (ALB) and serum sodium were significantly lower (P< 0.05). PCT, Na+ and FMD exhibited AUCs of 0.727, 0.653 and 0.698, respectively, in predicting IVIG resistance in KD through ROC analysis. PCT > 1.69 ng/ml, Na+ <133.2 mmol/l and FMD <5.79% were independent predictors of IVIG resistance in KD (OR, 95% CI, P< 0.05).Conclusion More severe endothelial dysfunction, especially lower FMD, was present in IVIG-resistant patients than in IVIG-responsive patients. It is a helpful diagnostic tool that provides supportive criteria to detect KD patients at a higher risk of IVIG resistance when FMD<5.79% in children.
Real-world utilization of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors with palliative radiotherapy in patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: zhou zichao , Chen Kaiyan , Li Na , Xie Mingying , Sheng Jiamin , Fan Yun , Huang Zhiyu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade combined with radiotherapy may be a promising strategy to improve the prognosis of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the optimum radiotherapy scheme, timing, and location have not been fully determined.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective study of 57 patients receiving PD-1/PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors with radiotherapy for metastatic NSCLC in Zhejiang Cancer Hospital between June 2017 and December 2019. Data on overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), treatment response and adverse events were collected. Comparisons based on type of radiation, timing of radiotherapy and number of irradiated lesions were performed.
Results
The median OS was 25.9 (95% CI: 18.4-33.4) months, and the median PFS was 10.3 (95% CI: 8.9-11.8) months. The in-field and out-of-field overall response rates were 45.2% and 32.1%, respectively. Multisite radiotherapy was associated with longer PFS than single-site radiotherapy (19.50 vs. 9.10 months, P = 0.017). Furthermore, immunotherapy with concurrent radiotherapy tended to have superior outcomes compared with immunotherapy with sequential radiotherapy (OS: NR vs. 20.87 months, P = 0.079; PFS: 11.4 vs. 9.0 months, P = 0.153), as did immunotherapy with stereotactic radiotherapy compared with traditional radiotherapy (OS: 30.6 vs. 25.9 months, P = 0.840; PFS: 11.1 vs. 9.9 months, P = 0.803). The incidence of treatment-related adverse events (AEs) was 61.4%, but only 5.3% of patients experienced grade 3 AEs.
Conclusions
The combination of immunotherapy and radiotherapy demonstrated favourable survival and good tolerability in Chinese patients with advanced NSCLC.
Comparison of somatostatin receptor expression in patients with neuroendocrine tumours with and without somatostatin analogue treatment imaged with [18F]SiTATE
Authors: Eschbach Ralf , Hofmann Markus , Späth Lukas , Unterrainer Lena M. , Sheihk Gabriel T , Delker Astrid , Lindner Simon , Jurkschat Klaus , Wängler Carmen , Wängler Björn , Schirrmacher Ralf , Tiling Reinhold , Brendel Matthias , Wenter Vera , Dekorsy Franziska J. , Zacherl Mathias J , Todica Andrei , Ilhan Harun , Grawe Freba , Cyran Clemens C. , Unterrainer Marcus , Rübenthaler Johannes , Knösel Thomas , Paul Tanja , Boeck Stefan , Westphalen C. Benedikt , Spitzweg Christine , Auernhammer Christoph J. , Bartenstein Peter , Beyer Leonie 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Somatostatin analogues (SSA) are frequently used in the treatment of neuroendocrine tumours. Recently, [18F]SiTATE entered the field of somatostatin receptor (SSR) positron emission tomography (PET)/ computed tomography (CT) imaging. The purpose of this study was to compare the SSR-expression of differentiated gastroentero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (GEP-NET) measured by [18F]SiTATE-PET/CT in patients with and without previous treatment with long-acting SSAs to evaluate if SSA treatment needs to be paused prior to [18F]SiTATE-PET/CT.
Methods
77 patients were examined with standardised [18F]SiTATE-PET/CT within clinical routine: 40 patients with long-acting SSAs up to 28 days prior to PET/CT examination and 37 patients without pre-treatment with SSAs. Maximum and mean standardized uptake values (SUVmax and SUVmean) of tumours and metastases (liver, lymphnode, mesenteric/peritoneal and bones) as well as representative background tissues (liver, spleen, adrenal gland, blood pool, small intestine, lung, bone) were measured, SUV ratios (SUVR) were calculated between tumours/metastases and liver, likewise between tumours/metastases and corresponding specific background, and compared between the two groups.
Results
SUVmean of liver (5.4 ± 1.5 vs. 6.8 ± 1.8) and spleen (17.5 ± 6.8 vs. 36.7 ± 10.3) were significantly lower (p < 0.001) and SUVmean of blood pool (1.7 ± 0.6 vs. 1.3 ± 0.3) was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in patients with SSA pre-treatment compared to patients without. No significant differences between tumour-to-liver and specific tumour-to-background SUVRs were observed between both groups (all p > 0.05).
Conclusion
In patients previously treated with SSAs, a significantly lower SSR expression ([18F]SiTATE uptake) in normal liver and spleen tissue was observed, as previously reported for 68Ga-labelled SSAs, without significant reduction of tumour-to-background contrast. Therefore, there is no evidence that SSA treatment needs to be paused prior to [18F]SiTATE-PET/CT.
Association of Plantar Fasciitis with Lipid Profile and Glucose Level: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Hosseinian Sayyed Hadi Sayyed , Bagheri Farshid , Sistanian Fatemeh , Mousavian Alireza , Ebrahimzadeh Mohammad-Hosein , Kachooei Amir Reza , B.O Mahla Daliri 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Hyperlipidemia is associated with tendon disorders and biomechanical changes through tissue deposition. In the present study, we seek the relation of plantar fasciitis (PF) with lipid profile parameters and fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels.
Methods
In a case-control study, we enrolled 68 patients with a clinical diagnosis of PF in the case group and 136 individuals without PF in the control group. Patients’ height, weight, body mass index (BMI), FBS, lipid profile including low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) laboratory tests were also checked as the main study variables to be compared between the two groups. The mean difference of each variable between the two case and control groups was tested using an independent t-test. Correlation coefficient analyses were used to calculate the correlation of patients’ BMI with lipid profile and FBS levels to evaluate the BMI variable as a confounder.
Results
Patients with PF had higher levels of total cholesterol (p=0.001), LDL (P= 0.004), and TG (P=0.02). HDL (P=0.13) and FBS (P=0.24) levels did not differ between two groups. Odds ratio calculation showed that patients with serum levels of LDL >130 mg/dl and total cholesterol > 200 mg/dl were 3.7 and 1.8 times more likely to develop PF, respectively. We found no association between lipid profile parameters and BMI in either of the two groups.
Conclusions
Our findings show higher levels of serum lipid profile parameters in patients with PF. Thus, it supports the modification of LDL, TC, TG, and glucose levels when managing PF.
Trial Registration:
The study does not include intervention.
One in Twenty-five Patients is suffering from Deep Vein Thrombosis in Tibebe Ghion Specialized Hospital Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia
Authors: Mengesha Workineh , Fentahun Netsanet , Mosisa Teshome , Woretaw Habtamu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Trauma leads to significant physiologic changes that result in patients at elevated risk for thromboembolism. Deep vein thrombosis is a serious condition with an incidence of 10% to 30% of people dying within 1 month. To date, there is a paucity of evidence regarding deep vein thrombosis after musculoskeletal trauma in Ethiopia. Objective: To assess the prevalence of deep vein thrombosis and its associated factors in lower extremity trauma patients in Tibebe Ghion Specialized Hospital, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.Methods: Institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted on 196 lower extremity trauma patients from April 1, 2021, to July 30, 2021. Data were collected by using an interview administered questionnaire and Doppler ultrasound examination was used to detect the presence of deep vein thrombosis. Data analysis was done using SPSS Windows Version 26. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with deep vein thrombosis. A P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: The prevalence of deep vein thrombosis was 4.1%. The age of the patient greater than 60 years (AOR= 16.32; 95% CI: 1.02, 260.06); injury severity scores greater than or equal to 15 (AOR= 33.08; 95% CI: 3.60, 303.65); any comorbidity (AOR= 8.62; 95% CI: 1.10, 67.50), and length of hospital stay greater than 20 days (AOR= 8.77; 95% CI: 1.20, 64.44) were associated factors of deep vein thrombosis occurrence.Conclusion: The prevalence of deep vein thrombosis was lower in the study area compared to other studies. Age, injury severity score, any comorbidity, and length of hospital stay were independent risk factors. Attention should be given to patients with Age, injury severity score, any comorbidity, and length of hospital stay to prevent deep vein thrombosis occurrence.
Ceropegia wallichii Wight (Apocynaceae Juss.): A New Elevation Record with Conservation Status
Authors: Sharma Ishwar Prakash 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The genus Ceropegia L. is a highly diversified genus of the family Apocynaceae whose most of the species are facing threats. The species Ceropegia wallichii Wight is categorized under Data Deficient (DD) which is found between 2500 to 2900 m altitudes since till date according to available literature while this article first time mentioned its elevation in 1735 m altitude. Hence, in this scenario, its new elevation should be changed from 1700 to 2900 m. Owing to its poor abundance of sheets in Indian herbaria, this species also needs to be protected.
Peripheral sympathectomy alters neuroinflammatory responses and microglial activity in response to sleep fragmentation in female mice
Authors: Ashley Noah T. , Mishra Ila , Pullum Keelee B. , Eads Kristen N. , Strunjas Anna R. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundSleep loss, either induced by obstructive sleep apnea or other forms of sleep dysfunction, induces an inflammatory response, as commonly measured by increased circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Increased catecholamines from sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation regulates this peripheral inflammation. However, the role that catecholamines play in mediating neuroinflammation from sleep perturbations is undescribed. The aims of this study were to determine (i) the effect of peripheral SNS inhibition upon neuroinflammatory responses to sleep fragmentation (SF) and (ii) whether homeostasis can be restored after 1 week of recovery sleep.MethodsWe measured gene expression levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and microglial activity in brain (prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus) of female mice that were subjected to acute SF for 24 hours, chronic SF for 8 weeks, or 7 days of recovery after chronic SF. In each experiment, SF and control mice were peripherally sympathectomized with 6-OHDA (6-hydroxydopamine) or injected with vehicle. ResultsSF elevated cytokine mRNA expression in brain and increased microglial density and cell area in some regions. In addition, chronic SF promoted hyper-ramification in resting microglia upon exposure to chronic, but not acute, SF. Effects of chronic SF were more pronounced than acute SF, and 1 week of recovery was not sufficient to alleviate neuroinflammation. Importantly, 6-OHDA treatment significantly alleviated SF-induced inflammation and microglial responses.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence of SNS regulation of neural inflammation from SF, suggesting a potential role for therapeutics that could mitigate neuroinflammatory responses to sleep dysfunction.
Effect of climate warming on the timing of autumn leaf senescence reverses
at the summer solstice
Authors: Zohner Constantin , Mirzagholi Leila , Renner Susanne , Mo Lidong , Bucher Raymo , Palouš Daniel , Vitasse Yann , Fu Yongshuo , Stocker Benjamin , Crowther Thomas 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Climate change is causing shifts in the growing seasons of plants1,2, affecting species performance and interactions3,4 as well as global carbon, water and nutrient cycles5,6. How the timing of autumn leaf senescence in extra-tropical forests will change remains unclear because of the complex seasonal interaction of climate warming, earlier and enhanced vegetation activity, and the annual day-length cycle7–10. Here we use experiments, long-term ground observations, and satellite-based vegetation monitoring to show that early-season and late-season warming have opposite effects on the onset and progression of leaf senescence, with a reversal occurring at the year’s longest day (summer solstice). Across ~84% of the northern forest area, increased temperature and vegetation activity before the solstice led to an earlier senescence onset (10% greenness loss) of, on average, –1.6 ± 0.1 days-per-°C, while warmer post-solstice temperatures did not affect senescence onset but reduced its speed (progression to 50% greenness loss) by 0.8 ± 0.1 days-per-°C. Due to the earlier senescence onset, the day at which autumn temperature starts driving senescence progression has been shifting to ever earlier dates, between 1951—2015 at a rate of –0.20 ± 0.07 days per year. These developmental constraints suggest that senescence will start earlier but progress more slowly in the future, revealing Northern Hemisphere-wide compensation effects on trends in growing-season length, caused by enhanced pre-solstice vegetation activity. This new mechanistic insight improves our ability to model carbon uptake by extra-tropical forests under climate change.
Association of BAFF/BAFF-R Single Nuclear Polymorphisms with Renal Graft Function in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Xu Haiyan , Jia Chenlu , He Xiaozhou , Xu Renfang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The BAFF/BAFF-R signal correlates with antibody-mediated rejection and renal function decline after renal transplantation. We investigated the relationship between BAFF/BAFF-R single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and renal graft function in kidney transplant recipients. Kidney transplant recipients (310) along with randomly selected healthy control individuals (51) were followed from September 2020 to March 2021 in Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. Anticoagulated peripheral blood and serum were collected from all individuals. Five BAFF/BAFF-R SNPs were genotyped by TaqMan quantitative PCR. According to the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) cut-off value of 90 mL·min-1·1.73 (m2)-1, the recipients were divided into normal and abnormal eGFR groups. Analysis results revealed that BAFF rs9514828 CT genotype carriers had a significantly higher incidence of abnormal graft kidney function than other genotype carriers (OR = 1.597, 95% CI = 1.012–2.519, P < 0.05) and had no significant correlation with serum soluble BAFF level and positive rate of panel reactive antibodies; There was a strong linkage disequilibrium between the BAFF rs16972194, rs9514828, and rs16972197; Recipients woth haploid GCG had a significantly higher incidence of normal graft function (OR = 0.381, 95% CI = 0.156–0.931, P < 0.05). This present results suggest that BAFF rs9514828 CT genotype may be a risk factor for kidney transplant recipients, resulting in reduced graft function, whereas the GCG haploid may play a protective role in normal graft function.
Optimization of empty container allocation for inland freight stations considering stochastic demand
Authors: Chen Kang , Lu Qingyang , Xin Xu , Yang Zhongzhen , Zhu Lequn , Xu Qi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

To meet the fluctuating demand for empty containers at inland freight stations, liner companies often adopt the method of a combination of self-owned and leased empty containers. Therefore, estimating the amount of self-owned and leased empty containers that need to be allocated to each inland freight station in a specific area becomes a critical issue for liner companies. However, owing to the high degree of unpredictability of the demand and the limited flexibility of empty container relocation, the abovementioned issue has not been fully addressed. This paper provides a model for empty container allocation without knowing the probability distribution function of empty container demand in advance. The abovementioned model can jointly optimize the quantities of self-owned empty containers and leased containers allocated to each inland freight station. To solve the abovementioned model, a largest-debt-first policy is adopted to simplify the complicated model, and a differential evolutionary algorithm is developed to solve the simplified model. Numerical experiments are conducted to validate the model. In comparison to conventional way such as overstock, our method significantly reduces the self-owned empty container storage level, improves the ability of liner companies to deal with fluctuations in empty container demand, and offers necessary decision support for liner companies’ daily container management.
Evolutionary analysis of Japan’s nuclear wastewater discharge events considering the impact of participants’ emotions
Authors: Xin Xu , Liu Miaohui , Wang Xiaoli , Zhang Tao , Chen Kang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Japanese government’s decision on April 13, 2021 to discharge nuclear wastewater from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the sea has aroused widespread concern around the world. People in Japan, especially fishermen, have expressed strong opposition to this decision. In this paper, we discuss an evolutionary game considering the impact of participants’ emotions to explore the evolutionarily stable strategies of both the Japanese government and Japanese fishermen. The results show the following: i) For the sake of interest, no matter what mood the fishermen are in, the Japanese government will choose to discharge nuclear wastewater. ii) The emotions of players not only affect their own strategy choices but also affect the strategy choices of other players. The emotional changes of Japanese fishermen not only affect the changes of their own strategies but also change the evolutionary trajectory of the Japanese government. iii) When both parties are rational, the impact of each key parameter on the evolution results and trajectories of both parties is closely related to the interests of both parties. When the fishermen are pessimistic, the changes in each parameter will not change their willingness to choose the opposition strategy but will affect the change in the Japanese government’s initial willingness to choose the discharge strategy. When the fishermen are optimistic, the cost of nuclear wastewater treatment and financial subsidies will slow down the evolution speed of the Japanese government to choose to discharge and Japanese fishermen to accept discharge policy. This paper also puts forward policy implications for the Japanese government and suggestions for Japanese fishermen to provide necessary support for the government to formulate pollution control policies and the people to protect their own rights and interests.