bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Obesity Among Adults in Jordan: National Survey
Authors: Al Hadidi Ansam 
Published: February 2022

Background
Obesity is a national and global public health problem in terms of morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. In 2014, 5% of deaths worldwide were attributable to obesity, with an estimated economic impact of 2.8% of the global gross domestic product. A survey in 2008 showed a high prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults in Jordan.

Objective
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity, assess its trends, and identify the factors and comorbidities associated with this condition.

Methods
A multipurpose national household survey was conducted among Jordanian adults over 4 months in 2017. Data were collected using a structured validated questionnaire. Obesity was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria.

Results
This study included 4056 adults (1193 men, 29.4%; 2863 women, 70.6%). Their age ranged from 18 to 90 years, with a mean age of 43.8 (SD 14.2) years. According to the International Diabetes Federation criteria, the age-standardized prevalence of obesity was 60.4% in men and 75.6% in women. After adjusting for age, the odds of obesity in 2017 were twice the odds in 2008 in men (odds ratio [OR] 1.98) and women (OR 1.96). In the multivariate analysis, age, place of living, and marital status were significantly associated with obesity in men and women. Obesity was significantly associated with increased odds of diabetes mellitus (OR 2.1 for men; OR 2.9 for women), hypertension (OR 2.4 for men; OR 2.5 for women), elevated triglyceride levels (OR 2.5 for men; OR 4.2 for women), and low high-density lipoprotein levels (OR 2.2 for men; OR 2.1 for women) after adjusting for age.

Conclusions
The prevalence of obesity is high in Jordan, and this condition is associated with other metabolic abnormalities. Well-defined programs to manage, control, and prevent obesity as well as intersectoral action are urgently required to reverse current trends in Jordan.
Reseña del libro coordinado por Daniela Rawicz, Leer a Simón Rodríguez. Proyecto para América
Authors: Bayona-Trejo Gabriela 
Published: February 2022

El libro Leer a Simón Rodríguez. Proyecto para América, coordinado por Daniela Rawicz y editado en 2020 por la Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México (UACM), es un tejido multicolor transdisciplinario escrito por integrantes del grupo de investigación “O inventamos o erramos”, dedicado a estudiar y difundir la obra de este gran pensador y rebelde. Los diez ensayos que componen el libro iluminan desde distintos ángulos los anhelos y propuestas pedagógicas, políticas, filosóficas y expresivas de quien poco a poco ha dejado de ser meramente recordado por haber sido maestro de otro Simón, Simón Bolívar, el gran libertador, para volverse una figura fundamental para entender la identidad, el pasado y el futuro de nuestras sociedades americanas.
Texto de Horacio Varoli. Sin domicilio
Authors: Varoli Horacio 
Published: February 2022

Extracto de la memoria de grado Los “sin techo” de Montevideo, que el autor presentó para obtener su título de Licenciado en Comunicación Social en la Universidad Católica del Uruguay (UCU). Con el título 24 horas con Daniel G y editado por sus tutoras, Silvia Soler y Silvana Tanzi, fue publicado un fragmento en el que el autor relata lo que sucedió durante 24 horas a la intemperie con un “sin techo” de nuestro país (Cuadernos de Comunicación Social, número 1, UCU, noviembre 2006).
In Search of Commonly Used Language Learning Strategies by EFL students
Authors: MASBIROROTNI MASBIROROTNI , FAJARYANI NUNUNG 
Published: February 2022

Language learning strategy is one of the factors that can contribute to the success in learning a foreign language including for Indonesian students. The purpose of this current study was to examine the learning strategies of English as foreign language students in one state university in Jambi Province. This current study used a survey approach to deal with the issue of the learning strategies of English as foreign language students. Data were collected through using the Language Learning Strategy Questionnaire (LLSQ). The participants of this study consisted of 129 students. Overall, the findings revealed that cognitive and meta-cognitive strategies were most commonly used by students in speaking, reading, and writing skills. However, cognitive and social strategies were the most frequently used by students for listening skill. Suggestions and future studies are also discussed.
Metacognition Awareness and Its Correlation with Academic Achievement of Educational Students
Authors: ERIYANI ELFA 
Published: February 2022

This study aimed to describe the metacognitive awareness of Indonesian Language and Literature Educational students in STKIP YPM Bangko, and to differentiate student metacognition by gender and length of study, and to correlate metacognition awareness on student achievement indexes. A quantitative research design was used with population of 80 students in academic year of 2017-2018. A purposive sampling technique was taken by involving students of the third, fifth, and seventh semester. Documentations and questionnaires were used as the instuments of this study and manual calculations and SPSS 16.0 for Windows were used to analyze the collected data in the study. The results showed that there was no significant difference between metacognitive awareness of male and female students, and between metacognitive awareness of the second year, the third year, and the fourth year. The latest, there was a very weak positive relationship between metacognitive awareness and students’ achievement.
Are Tax Havens and Offshore Financial Centers Cracked Down On? A Study on the International Standard of Exchange of Information on Request
Authors: Li Yijun , Ma Mark (Shuai) 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
To “crack down” on tax havens and offshore financial centers, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has promoted an internationally agreed tax standard of exchange of information on request since 2009. Using a difference-in-differences analysis, we find that the implementation of the standard significantly reduces aggressive tax avoidance by affected U.S. multinational firms with material subsidiaries in tax havens and other offshore financial centers. The effects are stronger when firms have more incentives and opportunities for income-shifting or when tax enforcement is stronger. Overall, our study helps the OECD and other regulators better understand the effect of the internationally agreed standard on corporate tax avoidance.
Data Availability: All data are available at the source indicated.
Forecast Withdrawals and Reporting Reputation
Authors: Marshall Nathan T. , Skinner A. Nicole 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
While accounting research has extensively examined initial guidance disclosures, the disclosures that managers make when initial forecasts become materially inaccurate have received much less attention. These updates are unique because managers are communicating that their initial forecasts are no longer correct. In this context, we examine how earnings forecast withdrawals affect managers' reporting reputation, relative to earnings revisions and nondisclosure. While managers face immediate negative market consequences after withdrawals, they enjoy reputational benefits (in the form of improved credibility) in the long run when guidance updates resume. In contrast, reporting reputation does not improve for managers who revise forecasts or for those who choose not to update at all. Difference-in-differences analyses confirm this incremental boost to credibility that is associated with withdrawals. This evidence suggests disclosing what managers do not know may be as important as disclosing what they do know when building a reporting reputation.
The Determinants and Informativeness of Non-GAAP Revenue Disclosures
Authors: Campbell John L. , Gee Kurt H. , Wiebe Zac 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Most research on non-GAAP financial measures focuses on earnings or earnings per share, although non-GAAP revenue disclosure has recently attracted SEC scrutiny. It is unclear ex ante what non-GAAP adjustments could improve revenue's usefulness because, unlike earnings, revenue is a top-line number related primarily to core (i.e., persistent) business activities. We present the first archival analysis of non-GAAP revenues using a large, hand-collected sample of disclosures from 2015 to 2018. Approximately one in five earnings announcements contains a non-GAAP revenue disclosure, focused on revenue growth. Our evidence suggests that firms disclose non-GAAP revenue when GAAP revenue is incomparable with prior periods, and not to compensate for poor GAAP performance. Furthermore, non-GAAP revenue growth predicts future revenue growth better than GAAP revenue growth, and the market responds to this information. Overall, non-GAAP revenue disclosures are motivated by economic fundamentals rather than opportunism, on average, and they provide investors with relevant information.
Association of the three-dimensional skeletal variables with self-recognition of facial asymmetry in skeletal Class III patients
Authors: Lim Seung-Weon , Jeon Jun-Bo , Moon Ryu-Jin , Oh Seungwon , Park Aehyun , Oh Min-Hee , Kim Min-Seok , Hwang Hyeon-Shik , Cho Jin-Hyoung 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To investigate the association between three-dimensional (3D) skeletal variables and self-recognition of facial asymmetry in skeletal Class III patients.

Materials and Methods
Questionnaires and cone beam computed tomography of 74 patients (42 men and 32 women; mean age: 22.8 ± 4.5 years) with skeletal Class III and facial asymmetry were collected retrospectively. Patients were classified into three groups: group Sy (recognition of symmetry), group NS (not sure), and group Asy (recognition of asymmetry), according to their responses to the questionnaires. To assess 3D anatomic differences in the maxillomandibular region, six 3D hard tissue variables: maxillary height, ramal length, frontal ramal inclination (FRI), lateral ramal inclination (LRI), mandibular body length (Mn BL), and mandibular body height (Mn BH) were compared among the three self-recognition groups. Six 3D hard tissue variables and Menton deviation were reduced into three factors and their association with the self-recognition of facial asymmetry was investigated.

Results
Maxillary height, FRI, LRI, Mn BH, and Menton deviation demonstrated significant differences among the three self-recognition groups. The reduced factors, which consisted of transverse and vertical parameters, and vertical parameter of the mandibular corpus, demonstrated significant differences among the three self-recognition groups. The difference in Mn BH influenced the self-recognition of facial asymmetry.

Conclusions
Both the transverse and vertical parameter of the skeleton were determinant in self-recognition of facial asymmetry. Identification of the skeletal difference in the lateral view involving LRI and Mn BH should be included for assessment of facial asymmetry.
Prognostic of Recurrence of Ankle Sprain Injury in Athletes who Return to Sports Early
Authors: Chikih Chikih , Sudarsono Nani Cahyani , Widiastuti Elina , Prathama Nasution Anggia 
Published: February 2022

Ankle sprains can occur in all athletes. The injuries are often considered minor but can occur repeatedly which can cause chronic complications. This evidence-based case report aims to determine the prognosis of recurrent ankle sprains resulting from returning to exercise too early. This report uses two databases for evidence collection, namely PubMed and Cochrane. Of the four articles, it was found that recurrent ankle sprains incidence rate was 33%, and neuromuscular training significantly reduced ankle sprain recurrence rates with relative risk 0.63 (95 % CI: 0.34-0.99) and hazard ratio 0.18 (95 % CI: 0.07-0.43). The healing time to the pre-injury state reached 93.8 ± 1.2 days for conventional therapy and 97.6 ± 1.5 days for a surgical procedure, and the time to return to exercise was 46.6 (95 % CI:15.4-70) days for conventional treatment and 55.2 ± 15.8 (95 % CI: 41.7 ± 9.8) days for surgical procedure. Using an ankle brace can help in healing and preventing recurrent injuries. Future more, proper handling and education about injuries and when is the optimal time to return to exercise can prevent relapse.
Keywords: ankle sprain, return to sports, recurrence injury.

Prognosis Kekambuhan Cedera Sprain Pergelangan Kaki Olahragawan Setelah Kembali Berolahraga Lebih Awal
Abstrak
Cedera sprain pergelangan kaki dapat terjadi pada semua atlet. Cedera tersebut sering dianggap ringan namun jika terjadi berulang dapat menyebabkan komplikasi kronik. Laporan kasus berbasis bukti ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prognosis kejadian berulang cedera sprain pergelangan kaki akibat kembali berolahraga terlalu awal. Dua basis data digunakan dalam pengumpulan bukti, yakni PubMed dan Cochrane. Dari empat artikel didapati cedera sprain pergelangan kaki dapat terjadi berulang dengan incidence rate 33% dan menyatakan neuromuscular training secara signifikan mengurangi tingkat kekambuhan sprain pergelangan kaki dengan relative risk 0.63 (95% CI: 0.34-0.99) dan hazard ratio 0.18 (95% CI: 0.07-0.43). Waktu penyembuhan ke keadaan sebelum cedera 93.8±1.2 hari untuk terapi konvensional, 97.6±1.5 hari untuk tindakan operatif, waktu kembali berolahraga adalah 46.6 (95% CI:15.4-70) hari untuk tindakan konvensional dan 55.2 ± 15.8 (95 % CI: 41.7 ± 9.8) hari untuk tindakan operasi. Penggunaan penyangga pergelangan kaki dapat membantu proses penyembuhan dan pencegahan cedera berulang. Oleh karena itu penanganan dan edukasi yang tepat mengenai cedera dan menetapkan waktu yang tepat untuk kembali berolahraga dapat mencegah kekambuhan.
Kata kunci: cedera pergelangan kaki, kembali berolahraga, cedera berulang.
Capacitação da equipe de enfermagem sobre o reconhecimento precoce da deterioração do paciente hospitalizado
Authors: Jacintho Paloma , Aparecida Milena Caroline da , Saccomann Izabel Cristina Ribeiro da Silva 
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: Capacitar a equipe de enfermagem no reconhecimento precoce dos sinais de deterioração clínica do paciente hospitalizado. Métodos: Estudo intervencionista, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado em agosto e setembro de 2019 na equipe de enfermagem de quatro unidades de internação de um hospital escola no interior do estado de São Paulo, com aplicação do escore de alerta precoce modificado (Modified Early Warning Score — MEWS) e de questionário com 12 questões para avaliação pós-intervenção. Os resultados foram analisados por estatística descritiva. Resultados: A equipe de enfermagem é composta de 84 profissionais. Destes, foram capacitados 51 (60,7%). A maioria soube identificar os sinais e sintomas de deterioração clínica de paciente hospitalizado (40; 78,4%). O menor número de acertos foi em relação aos parâmetros que compõem a escala de MEWS (34; 66,6%). Na Internação Médica/Cirúrgica do 3º Leste e 2º Oeste, o índice de acertos da equipe de enfermagem foi menor quando comparado ao dos demais setores. Conclusão: O estudo permitiu capacitar a equipe de enfermagem sobre a utilização do MEWS e a implantação do fluxograma de seguimento continuado do paciente. Embora dois setores tenham apresentado dificuldade em identificar os parâmetros que compõem a escala de MEWS e sua classificação, enfatiza-se a necessidade de capacitação contínua para que as medidas implementadas no fluxograma continuem tendo a eficácia desejada.
REV-OPOLY: A Study on Educational Board Game with Web-based Augmented Reality
Authors: Nordin Noradila , Mohd. Nordin Nur Rasyidah , Omar Wafa 
Published: February 2022

Abstract: The use of technology in education is believed to enhance students’ learning experience. Technology such as Augmented Reality (AR) is increasingly used in the classroom through the use of gamification. This study aims to examine students' experience in using a board game with web-based Augmented Reality named REV-OPOLY in their learning. REV-OPOLY’s theme is on the emerging technology revolution concepts where in this board game, players can buy, rent and sell technologies through question cards to gain the opportunity to own the technology. AR is implemented into the game as the play pieces and part of the play cards. The respondents are the undergraduate students enrolled in Computer Application in Management course in Universiti Utara Malaysia. In this qualitative study, respondents will be tested through pre-test and post-test to compare the effectiveness and efficacy of REV-OPOLY compared to traditional methods of self-revision. The findings showed that 98.8% of the respondents are interest-ed in using REV-OPOLY in learning and 86.1% of them are satisfied with the structure of the game, mainly the multiplayer aspects of it (95.3%) which enforce interaction and discussion among the players (89.5%) and 93.0% agreed that they can learn better through the game as an informal learning medium. In this study, REV-OPOLY has shown to have received positive feedback from the respondents. Further research is required to assess the students’ learning outcomes and experience of REV-OPOLY.

Keywords: Augmented reality, Board game, Educational game, Gamification, Student-based learning
Knowledge and Perspective of Students Towards Biodiversity and its Conservation and Protection
Authors: Ericson E. Coracero , T. Facun Mark Christian , RB J. Gallego , G. Lingon Marlon , Kristina M. Lolong , Michelle M. Lugayan , Karl Benz G. Montesines , Lesel R. Sangalang , Mark John A. Suniega 
Published: February 2022

Abstract: The study aimed to assess the students’ extent of knowledge and identify their perspectives towards biodiversity and its protection and conservation. A total of 268 randomly selected students at Aurora State College of Technology were involved in the study. Survey questionnaires were used to obtain data and information which were subjected to statistical tests. The students had a moderate knowledge level on biodiversity with a mean score of 6.65 out of 10 items (SD = 1.50). Their perspective on biodiversity was leaning toward its protection and conservation, with a mean score of 7.2 out of 10 items (SD = 1.29). Factors affecting the students’ knowledge were gender (p = .003) and academic department (p = 0.003). Females and those associated with the Department of Forestry and Environmental Sciences and Department of Industrial technology were found to have more knowledge than the others. Males, on the other hand, were found to have more positive perspectives towards biodiversity. Knowledge and perspective had a weak correlation with r = 0.39. Students were not well-aware, but were in support of the Philippines’ biodiversity-related laws, which could help shape their mindset and actions towards biodiversity conservation and protection. Thus, the college administration must revisit the curricula of all degree programs and ensure that students from each degree program are environmentally educated, emphasizing biodiversity conservation.

Keywords: Biodiversity education, Biodiversity conservation, Biodiversity protection, Knowledge, Perspective
The The Role, Experience, and Challenges to Headmasters of Indigenous Primary Schools amid Covid-19 in Malaysia
Authors: Jessica Lopez , Salim Siti Suria , Zaremohzzabieh Zeinab , Ahrari Seyedali 
Published: February 2022

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore the role, experiences, and challenges of principals in Orang Asli primary schools during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study is a qualitative study using purposive sampling to select the informants. The data was gathered from in-depth semi-structured interviews with the principals. "Roles and responsibilities," "challenges during the Covid-19 epidemic," and "strategies and expectations" were the three primary themes discovered throughout the analysis. The findings of the study emphasized the critical role of principals in managing their schools, especially during unprecedented situations such as the Covid-19 pandemic. By identifying these emerging themes, principals and educational policy-makers can focus on their current efforts while facilitating and accommodating the needs of their workforce, families, and students. This study also contributed to the body of knowledge regarding the importance of leadership in school organizations.
Keywords: Indigenous, Orang Asli, experiences, headmaster education, Covid-19 pandemic.
The The Relationship Between School Heads’ Transformational and Structural Leadership Styles Towards Teachers’ Teaching Motivation
Authors: M Mohd Siraj Mohd Asraf , Md Rami Ahmad Aizuddin , Abdul Aziz Nor Azni , Mohd Anuar Mohd Ashraff 
Published: February 2022

Abstract: Leadership is crucial in an organisation’s long-term viability and incredibly motivating teachers. Theoretical and conceptual searches for leadership styles that work in any situation, such as teachers’ teaching motivation and with any set of followers, have never been more abundant in the field of leadership research. However, some findings reported that there had been some uncertainty about the relationship of leadership styles towards teacher teaching motivation in some schools. Hence, this study is designed to get the response of primary school teachers in Sabah on the school heads’ transformational and structural leadership styles, the level of teachers’ teaching motivation, and the relationship between the school heads’ transformational and structural leadership styles towards teachers’ teaching motivation. This study is a descriptive quantitative study conducted through a survey using a questionnaire from the instruments of L. Bolman Personnel correspondents for structural leadership style, MLQ (Multi-Factor Leadership Questionnaire) for transformational leadership style, and A Questionnaire Measure of Individual Differences in Achieving Tendency (QMAT) for teaching motivation. The study involved 350 respondents from primary schools in Sabah. The analysis of the findings uses frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson correlation analysis with determination = 0.05. The results showed that teachers’ response in primary school in Sabah to the leadership style of the school heads is at a satisfactory level. The study also found a significant relationship between the school heads’ leadership styles towards teachers’ teaching motivation. This study supports the findings of other studies, whereby the headmaster leadership styles influence teachers’ level of teaching motivation in schools.

Keywords: Transformational leadership styles, structural leadership styles, teachers’ motivation
Analysis of the properties of matrix rank and the relationship between matrix rank and matrix operations
Authors: Ma Jiying 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper discusses the invariance of the rank of a matrix, the conditions and applications of matrix inequalities, the relationship between matrix rank and matrix operations, the relationship with matrix reversibility, the linear correlation with vector groups and the zero relationship of eigenvalue algebra multiples and other properties. The application of the rank of the matrix in linear algebra, analytic geometry, probability theory, etc. is obtained.
Lithuanian Folk Architecture Research as a Repository for the Study of Urban Form
Authors: Cirtautas Matas , Alistratovaitė-Kurtinaitienė Inesa , Dijokienė Dalia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Despite the increasingly global orientation of urban morphology, there still remain countries whose achievements in the field of urban form research are underrepresented. Although the attempts to study settlement form in Lithuania were rather early, the second half of the 20th century was the most productive period. The article presents context, process and findings of the folk architecture research, which became the nurturing environment for the establishment of contemporary urban form studies in Lithuania.