bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Circumstellar Material around the Type IIP SN 2021yja
Authors: Kozyreva Alexandra , Klencki Jakub , Filippenko Alexei V. , Baklanov Petr , Mironov Alexey , Justham Stephen , Chiavassa Andrea 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The majority of Type II-plateau supernovae (SNe IIP) have light curves that are not compatible with the explosions of stars in a vacuum; instead, the light curves require the progenitors to be embedded in circumstellar matter (CSM). We report on the successful fitting of the well-observed SN IIP 2021yja as a core-collapse explosion of a massive star with an initial mass of ∼15 M
⊙ and a pre-explosion radius of 631 R
⊙. To explain the early-time behavior of the broadband light curves, the presence of 0.55 M
⊙ CSM within ∼2 × 1014 cm is needed. Like many other SNe IIP, SN 2021yja exhibits an early-time flux excess including ultraviolet wavelengths. This, together with the short rise time (<2 days) in the gri bands, indicates the presence of a compact component in the CSM, essentially adjacent to the progenitor. We discuss the origin of the preexisting CSM, which is most likely a common property of highly convective red supergiant envelopes. We argue that the difficulty in fitting the entire light curve with one spherical distribution indicates that the CSM around the SN 2021yja progenitor was asymmetric.
Juno Spacecraft Measurements of Jupiter’s Gravity Imply a Dilute Core
Authors: Militzer Burkhard , Hubbard William B. , Wahl Sean , Lunine Jonathan I. , Galanti Eli , Kaspi Yohai , Miguel Yamila , Guillot Tristan , Moore Kimberly M. , Parisi Marzia , Connerney John E. P. , Helled Ravid , Cao Hao , Mankovich Christopher , Stevenson David J. , Park Ryan S. , Wong Mike , Atreya Sushil K. , Anderson John , Bolton Scott J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Juno spacecraft measured Jupiter’s gravity field and determined the even and odd zonal harmonics, J

n
, with unprecedented precision. However, interpreting these observations has been a challenge because it is difficult to reconcile the unexpectedly small magnitudes of the moments J
4 and J
6 with conventional interior models that assume a large, distinct core of rock and ice. Here we show that the entire set of gravity harmonics can be matched with models that assume an ab initio equation of state, wind profiles, and a dilute core of heavy elements that are distributed as far out as 63% of the planet’s radius. In the core region, heavy elements are predicted to be distributed uniformly and make up only 18% by mass because of dilution with hydrogen and helium. Our models are consistent with the existence of primary and secondary dynamo layers that will help explain the complexity of the observed magnetic field.
Preventing antenatal stillbirths: An innovative approach for primary health care
Authors: Hlongwane Tsakane M. , Botha Tanita , Nkosi Bongani S. , Pattinson Robert C. 
Published: August 2022

Background: In South Africa (SA), approximately 16 000 stillbirths occur annually. Most are classified as unexplained and occur in district hospitals. Many of these deaths may be caused by undetected foetal growth restriction. Continuous wave Doppler ultrasound of the umbilical artery (CWDU-UmA) is a simple method for assessing placental function. This screening method may detect the foetus at risk of dying and growth-restricted foetuses, allowing for appropriate management.Methods: A cohort study was conducted across South Africa. Pregnant women attending primary health care clinics at 28–34 weeks gestation were screened using CWDU-UmA. Women not screened at those antenatal clinics served as control group 1. Control group 2 consisted of the subset of control group 1 with women detected with antenatal complications excluded. Women with foetuses identified with an abnormal CWDU-UmA test were referred and managed according to a standardised protocol. A comparison between the study and control groups was performed.Results: The study group consisted of 6536 pregnancies, and there were 66 stillbirths (stillbirth rate [SBR]: 10.1/1000 births). In control group 1, there were 193 stillbirths in 10 832 women (SBR: 17.8/1000 births), and in control group 2, 152 stillbirths in 9811 women (SBR: 15.5/1000 births) (risk ratio: 0.57, 95% confidence intervals: 0.29–0.85 and 0.65, 0.36–0.94, respectively).Conclusion: Screening a low-risk pregnant population identified the low-risk mother with a high-risk foetus, and acting on the information as described was associated with a significant reduction (35% – 43%) in stillbirths. This demonstrates a step-change reduction in stillbirths and warrants screening in SA.
Testicular germ cell cancer in Africa: A survey on patterns of practice
Authors: Burger Henriette , Rick Tara , Spies Pieter , Cassel Ayun , Vanderpuye Verna , Incrocci Luca 
Published: August 2022

Background: Testicular germ cell tumours (GCTs) are rare malignancies most prevalent in 15–40-year-old men. Incidence rates of testicular cancer on a global level show marked geographic variation with higher incidence rates reported in predominantly Caucasian populations. African data on GCT management show low incidence rates but an advanced stage at presentation and high mortality rates.Aim: The aim of the study was to explore patterns of practice in the management of testicual GCTs.Setting: The study was conducted in an African oncology care setting.Methods: A cross-sectional web-based survey was distributed to doctors or nurses providing oncology care for patients with testicular GCT in Africa. Data on staging procedures, chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT) treatment schedules across institutions are reported and discussed in the context of international treatment guidelines and local resources.Results: Eleven African countries contributed data. Epidemiological estimates were received from 20 institutions and management and outcome data from 18 institutions. The estimated ratio of seminoma to non-seminoma was 1:1.3. The stage at presentation was tumour-node-metastases-serum marker (TNM-S) Stage III at half of the institutions surveyed. Chemotherapy regimens mostly followed international guidelines, but certain essential drugs were not consistently accessible at all centres. Radiotherapy services were available to all but one respondent, with three-dimensional planning being widely used. There was marked variation in RT doses and treatment fields.Conclusion: The resources to effectively manage testicular GCT appear to be accessible to most institutions surveyed. Regional management guidelines, sharing of clinical expertise within Africa through online platforms and centralised data collection on epidemiology, management and treatment efficacy are advocated to better allocate resources and improve the outcomes reported in this rare but potentially curable condition.
The experiences of clinical psychologists in treating traumatic stress at a tertiary psychiatric hospital in the Eastern Cape: A qualitative study
Authors: Munishvaran Kuriesha , Booysen Duane D. 
Published: August 2022

Background: Qualitative data on the experiences of treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a psychiatric setting in a low-resource context is sparse.Aim: The authors aimed to explore the lived experiences of clinical psychologists who treat patients who are either trauma survivors or perpetrators in a psychiatric hospital.Setting: A public psychiatric hospital in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.Method: A total of six individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with three clinical psychologists. Data were analysed using interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA).Results: The analysis for each participant identified several significant themes, namely (1) support as a male person, (2) being appreciative, (3) difficult trauma narratives, (4) a mother and a psychologist and (5) fear and hopelessness.Conclusion: Treating traumatic stress amongst clinical psychologists working in a public psychiatric hospital can lead to experiences of vicarious trauma and traumatic stress. In addition, the participants experienced an added danger in treating high-risk state patients, exposing psychologists to traumatic stress. Furthermore, psychologists recognised the influence of gender and race and its impact on their roles in their personal and professional lives as practitioners treating traumatic stress.
An experimental study to evaluate the effect of polymixin E (Colistin) alone or in combination with gentamicin in McCarey-Kaufman corneal preservation medium on various drug resistant bacterial and fungal isolates
Authors: Sushmasri K , Joseph Joveeta , Chaurasia Sunita R , Ramachandran Charanya , Roy Sanhita 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
To assess the efficacy of the addition of polymyxin E (colistin) in the McCarey-Kaufman (MK) corneal storage solution against multi-drug resistant strains of Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida spp.

Methods:
A standard micro broth dilution test and a checkerboard assay were performed for five multi-drug resistant (MDR) clinical strains of P. aeruginosa and five clinical strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and C. albicans against colistin and gentamicin alone and in combination. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) were calculated to assess the efficacy of each combination.

Results:
The MIC of colistin was in the range of 1–2 µg/mL for P. aeruginosa, whereas it was 256–1024 µg/mL against S. aureus. In comparison, the MIC of gentamicin was found to be 0.5–512 µg/mL and 0.5–8 µg/mL against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, respectively. All five isolates of C. albicans did not exhibit any susceptibility to either colistin or gentamicin even at a concentration of ≥ 512 µg/mL each. The checkerboard assay was performed to evaluate the nature of the interaction of the combination of colistin and gentamicin. Based on the FICI, it was observed that the colistin and gentamicin combination has a maximum synergistic effect (FIC <0.5) in 80% (4/5) for S. aureus isolates, whereas the maximum additive effect (FIC >0.5–4) was 100% (5/5) for P. aeruginosa and the minimum additive effect was 20% (1/5) for S. aureus isolates. Antagonism (FIC ≥ 4) was not observed in any combination between the strains used in the study. Both colistin and gentamicin alone or in combination were, however, ineffective against Candida spp.

Conclusion:
The addition of colistin has an inhibitory effect on bacterial contamination that could be possibly caused by MDR strains and could potentially be considered as an additional additive in corneal storage media.
Association of primary angle-closure disease in patients with retinal vein occlusion in North Indian population
Authors: Bhoot Madhu , Pegu Julie , Bhumbla Shayana , Dubey Suneeta , Agarwal Manisha , Mukherjee Saptarshi , Harish H S 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
To determine the association of primary angle-closure disease (PACD) in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) at a tertiary eye care center in North India.

Methods:
It is a cross-sectional, observational study. Sixty consecutive patients with retinal vein occlusion within a period of one year from a single tertiary eye care center were enrolled. Detailed history, slit-lamp examination of the anterior segment, intraocular pressure measurement by applanation tonometry, gonioscopy and fundus examination were done. Anterior chamber depth and axial length were also measured.

Results:
Among the 60 patients, 29 were males (48.3%) and 31 females (51.6%). Twenty-seven (45%) of them had central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and 33 (55%) had branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Forty percent of patients with RVO had PACD. Relative risk of PACD was 1.71 times in patients with CRVO as compared to BRVO. Risk of glaucoma was 49% more in CRVO than BRVO. Probability of PACD was more in patients of RVO who had diabetes and CAD as comorbidity.

Conclusion:
The association between PACD and RVO is less known. PACD can be one of the risk factors for the development of RVO. A comprehensive examination and detailed angle evaluation of both of the eyes should be done in all cases of RVO, in addition to investigating for systemic risk factors. However, larger population-based studies would be required to prove it as an independent risk factor.
Predominant peripheral lesions in patients with diabetic retinopathy and its association with systemic comorbidities
Authors: Cherian Juhy , Giridhar Anantharaman , Sivaprasad Sobha , Rajalakshmi R , Raman Rajiv , Khan Rehana , Prakash Nimmy , Rodrigues Ann M 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
To determine the associations of predominant peripheral lesions (PPLs) with systemic comorbidities in individuals with diabetic retinopathy.

Methods:
This is a multicenter cross-sectional observational study conducted across three tertiary eye care centers in south India between January 2019 and July 2021. Ultra-widefield fundus images of consecutive patients with varying severity of diabetic retinopathy with data on systemic comorbidities were classified based on the presence or absence of PPL. Systemic comorbidities (hypertension, diabetic kidney disease, coronary artery disease, dyslipidemia, and anemia) were compared between the two groups.

Results:
A total of 879 participants (70.1% males) were included in the study, of which 443 (50.4%) patients had PPL. The mean age of the study participants was 56 ± 10 years, mean age of onset of diabetes was 41.24 ± 11.6 years, and mean duration of diabetes was 15.39 ± 7.6 years. The number of PPL increased with increasing severity of DR. Of all the systemic comorbidities analyzed, we found that coronary artery disease (CAD) had a significant association with PPL (Odds ratio [OR]-1.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12–2.55; P = 0.013) after adjusting for diabetic retinopathy severity, duration of diabetes, and age of onset of diabetes.

Conclusion:
The presence of PPL is a marker for coronary artery disease and early referral to cardiology is warranted.
Correlation of pattern of visual field loss by perimetry and anterior chamber angle parameters by anterior segment optical coherence tomography in primary angle-closure glaucoma
Authors: Palanisamy Sreeramyaa , Raja Vidya , Senthilkumar Vijayalakshmi A , Mani Iswarya , Krishnadas R 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
To correlate and analyze the pattern of the visual field (VF) defects by perimetry and anterior chamber angle parameters by AS-OCT in primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) across varied severity levels on presentation to a tertiary eye care center.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study, which included 323 eyes of clinically diagnosed cases of PACG. Glaucoma severity was categorized according to mean deviation (MD) as mild (-6.00 dB or more), moderate (-6.01 to -12.00 dB), and severe (-12.01 to -30.00 dB). AS-OCT measured the nasal (N) and temporal (T) angle opening distance at 500 mm (AOD 500) and 750 mm (AOD 750), anterior chamber angle (ACA), lens vault (LV), and anterior chamber width (ACW). The VF severity was then correlated with the AS-OCT parameters using statistical analysis.

Results:
The mean age ± standard deviation (SD) of the patients included in the study was 56.03 ± 8.6 years, with a 1:1.2 gender ratio. The number of eyes with mild, moderate, and severe VFs were 140 (43.3%), 88 (27.24%), and 95 (29.41%), respectively. There was no statistically significant correlation in the mean anterior chamber angle parameters (AOD 500, AOD 750, ACA 500, ACA 750, LV, ACW, and axial length (AL)) among the groups. However, the correlation between AOD 500 and LV thickness was found to be significant (P = 0.0000) with a negative Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (r = -0.3329).

Conclusion:
The ACA parameters obtained by AS-OCT along the horizontal axis after elimination of pupillary block by laser peripheral iridotomy do not correlate and cannot be used to assess the disease severity of PACG.
Biometry and intraocular power calculation using a swept-source optical coherence tomography: A repeatability and agreement study
Authors: Hashemi Hassan , Miraftab Mohammad , Panahi Parsa , Asgari Soheila 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
To evaluate the repeatability of biometry and intraocular lens (IOL) power using Galilei G6 and to determine the agreement of its measurements with those of IOL Master 700 and IOL Master 500.

Methods:
Hundred mature cataract eyes were examined twice with Galilei G6 and the results were compared with those of other two devices. Axial length (AL), minimum (K1), maximum (K2), and mean keratometry, anterior chamber depth (ACD), white-to-white (WTW) diameter, lens thickness (LT), and the calculated IOL power were the studied parameters. The correlation coefficient, within-subject standard deviation (Sw), Bland–Altman method, and 95% limits of agreement (LoA) were used for statistical analysis.

Results:
The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was above 0.9 for all indices, and the LoA ranged from a minimum of 0.08 mm for AL to a maximum of 0.50 D for K1. Sw also ranged between a minimum of 0.02 for AL, ACD, and WTW and a maximum of 0.13 for K1. In the Galilei G6–IOL Master 700 pair, the narrowest and widest LoA were calculated for AL (0.07 mm) and K2 (0.49 D), respectively. In the Galilei G6–IOL Master 500 pair, the narrowest and widest widths of LoA were calculated for AL (0.17 mm) and K2 (0.92 D), respectively. In the first pair, the LoA of IOL power (0.57 D) were the best for Haigis formula and in the second pair, the best agreement (LoA: 0.35 D) was observed for Holladay-1.

Conclusion:
Galilei G6 provided repeatable biometric measurements. The agreement between biometry and IOL power calculation was better in the Galilei G6–IOL Master 700 pair compared to the Galilei G6–IOL Master 500.
Efficacy and safety of subliminal transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in uncontrolled glaucoma
Authors: Mohammed Ferzana , Somasundaran Sandhya , Unnikrishnan Suma , Jyothi P T 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
To determine the efficacy of subliminal cyclophotocoagulation in reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) and to assess the safety profile of the procedure.

Methods:
We reviewed the charts of all patients who underwent subliminal cyclophotocoagulation between August 2019 and August 2020. The IOP, number of antiglaucoma medications, and visual acuity were compared at baseline and at 6 months. The post-laser complications were noted. Paired t-test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and McNemar test were used for analysis.

Results:
This study included 40 eyes of 40 patients. The most frequent diagnosis was neovascular glaucoma (55%), followed by primary open-angle glaucoma (17.5%). The mean IOP reduced from 32 to 21 mmHg (mean IOP reduction: 32%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 27%–37%, P < 0.001). Mean number of antiglaucoma medications declined from 3.2 to 1.9 (P < 0.001). Use of oral acetazolamide decreased from 62% to 5% (P < 0.001). The success rate of the procedure at 6 months was 55%. One patient had unexplained visual acuity decline after the procedure.

Conclusion:
Subliminal sub-cyclophotocoagulation is effective in treating refractory glaucoma in the Indian population. It decreases the medication burden. However, subliminal lasers can also cause vision-threatening complications such as hypotony, uveitis, and optic nerve hypoperfusion. So, clinicians should be cautious when using sub-cyclophotocoagulation in patients with good vision.
Comparison of clinical outcomes of trifocal intraocular lens (AT LISA, Eyecryl SERT trifocal) versus extended depth of focus intraocular lens (Eyhance, Eyecryl SERT EDOF)
Authors: Karuppiah Preethi , Varman N V Arulmozhi , Varman Aadithreya , Balakumar Dinesh 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
To compare four different types of intra ocular lenses (IOLs), namely, AT LISA, Eyecryl SERT trifocal, Eyhance, Eyecryl SERT extended depth of focus (EDOF) with respect to their clinical outcomes.

Methods:
This is a retrospective comparative study in which patients who underwent surgery and one of the four types of IOL were implanted. Postoperative evaluation was recorded at one month, postoperatively. The monocular uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) (6 m), uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (UIVA) (60 cm), distance-corrected intermediate visual acuity (CIVA), uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA) (40 cm), and corrected near visual acuity (CNVA) were assessed postoperatively on post operative day 30, for all four IOL groups. Defocus curve and contrast sensitivity were also compared.

Results:
With regards to UDVA and CDVA, P value was not statistically significant. (P = 0.534 and 0.421, respectively). EDOF group of IOLs had statistically significant better UIVA and CIVA than trifocal IOL group. (P < 0.001, 0.012, <0.001) and EDOF group had statistically significant worse P value pertaining to UNVA and CNVA (P < 0.001, 0.070, <0.001, 0.190). Pertaining to contrast sensitivity, EDOF group had better contrast sensitivity than Trifocal IOL group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
All four IOLs compared in this study had good comparable distant visual acuity. Near visual acuity was better with AT LISA and Eyecryl SERT trifocal IOL while intermediate vision was better with Eyhance and Eyecryl SERT EDOF IOL. Contrast sensitivity was better in EDOF IOLs than in both trifocal IOLs.
Preservation of donor corneal epithelium in McCarey-Kaufman medium
Authors: Kaur Amanjot , Priyadarshini Smruti R , Mohanty Amrita , Sahu Srikant K , Das Sujata 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
To evaluate the role of McCarey-Kaufman (MK) medium in maintaining the integrity of donor corneal epithelium.

Methods:
Nineteen corneal buttons were harvested and stored in MK media at 2°C–8°C for four days. Serial photographs were done every day till the 3rd day, and images were then analyzed with ImageJ software (LOCI, University of Wisconsin, USA). The area of exposure and epithelial defect (ED) was calculated every day for each corneal button.

Results:
The average age of the donors was 56.5 ± 22.7 years and mean time from death to preservation of the corneal buttons was 7.7 ± 3.1 hours. The average corneal area was 145.6 ± 18.8 mm2. The total mean area of exposure was 3.6 ± 4.8, 7.2 ± 9.2, and 9.0 ± 11.9 mm2, and ED was 1.7 ± 4.6, 2.8 ± 5.3, and 3.3 ± 5.9 mm2 on days 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The percentage of increase in the area of exposure and ED in MK media was 3.71% and 1.1% from day 1 to day 3, respectively. Six out of 19 corneal buttons (31.57%) were utilized for keratoplasties, of which two were utilized in house and four were distributed outside. Of the two utilized corneas, none had epithelial defect on postoperative day 1. Rest 13 corneas were either used for training and research purposes, stored in glycerol media, or discarded.

Conclusion:
Since the percentage change in area of exposure/ED is not much at the end of day 3, corneas stored in MK media can be safely used even after three days of storage. Hence, MK medium serves as an excellent medium in maintaining the integrity of donor corneal epithelium.