bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical analysis of high-strength reinforcing steel with conventional strength in reinforced concrete beams under monotonic loading
Authors: Harba Ibrahim S. I. , Abdulridha Abdulkhalik J. , AL-Shaar Ahmed A. M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This work presents finite element (FE) modeling using the ABAQUS program to investigate the effect of steel reinforcement with three different types of high-strength steels, grades 420, A1035, and SD685 on the flexural behavior of RC beams under monotonic loading. Experimental findings from the literature have been used to validate the proposed model. The numerical load, deflection, mode of failure, failure concrete strain, and bottom steel strain at failure of 24 numerical specimens with collapsed conditions of tension-controlled, balanced, and compression-controlled are recorded. Also, the effect of compression reinforcement is being investigated. The results reveal that the flexural behavior of the experimental test for the three steel grades is well validated by FE analysis. The ductile and brittle behavior features of yield strength (YS) larger than 420 can be predicted for specimens designed according to current standards ACI-318M-19. Also, the compression reinforcement improves load capacity while reducing displacement. It may be argued that when YS decreases, tensile stress and strain of flexural rebar rise, causing the beam to become more ductile. When the YS increased, the brittle behavior was induced.
A comparative study of different coagulants used in treatment of turbid water
Authors: Jasim Nuralhuda Aladdin , Azeez Jasim M. , Shamkhi Mohammed S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Turbidity is one of the major problems in the treatment of drinking water. Turbid water contains molecules, plankton, and colloids, and is dealt with through the addition of coagulation chemicals in processes called coagulation and flocculation. In this research, three of the most commonly used coagulants utilized in the process of turbid water treatment are examined for their efficiency in reducing turbidity. The three types of different coagulants that have been employed are aluminum sulfate (alum), ferric chloride, and poly aluminum chloride (PACl). The samples are taken from the Tigris River at various levels from the water’s surface (60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 cm). The results showed that PACl is more efficient in removing turbidity than alum and ferric chloride. Ferric chloride is a more efficient coagulant than alum at different ranges of turbid water. In this study, the effects of employing a natural coagulant such as “Walnut coat” with PACl and synthetic polyacrylamide with PACl for removing turbidity are compared to using PACl alone. When compared to PACl alone, polyacrylamide with PACl was effective in removing turbidities of 22.8 and 25.7 NTU. Walnut coat was also proven to be more effective when combined with PACl for lower turbidities (20.7 and 21 NTU). Within the first 5 min of slow mixing with polyacrylamide, large, transparent, and readily settled flocs formed, whereas the same flocs formed after 30 min of slow mixing with PACl and walnut coat as flocculant. With both polyacrylamide and walnut coat as coagulants, better sludge properties were obtained, with low water content and high density that can be readily dried and disposed of.
Producing low-cost self-consolidation concrete using sustainable material
Authors: Abbas Zena K. , Abbood Ahlam A. , Mahmood Raghad S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The disposal of the waste material is the main goal of this investigation by transformation to high-fineness powder and producing self-consolidation concrete (SCC) with less cost and more eco-friendly by reducing the cement weight, taking into consideration the fresh and strength properties. The reference mix design was prepared by adopting the European guide. Five waste materials (clay brick, ceramic, granite tiles, marble tiles, and thermostone blocks) were converted to high-fine particle size distribution and then used as 5, 10, and 15% weight replacements of cement. The improvement in strength properties is more significant when using clay bricks compared to other activated waste ceramics and granite tiles. The percentage increases to 11.59% at 28 days for compressive strength when using 10% replacement of cement weight. The ability to produce eco-SCC with less cement content and lower cost consumption is encouraged, although the enhancement in strength is not high since the waste can be disposable. While the percentage reduction in the strength of SCC mixes containing marble tile or thermostone block powder increases with the replacement of cement weight with a greater need for superplasticizer justification, we recommend using 5% as a replacement by weight of cement with an insignificant retardation of strength. Finally, there is a good relationship between compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity and between tensile and flexural strength with a high R
2.
Optimum hydraulic investigation of pipe aqueduct by MATLAB software and Newton–Raphson method
Authors: Abbas Hiba Ali , Musa Taghreed Abd-Almahdee , Jihad Ayam Jabbar 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAn aqueducts are a water source (the channel that a flowing body of water follows) designed to transport water from a specified point to a point where the designer aims to distribute the water within it. To enhance the hydraulic properties of pipe aqueducts, a workable, efficacious, and convenient method for the optimal design of an aqueduct has been determined in this research article to study the optimum design of pipe aqueduct (finding optimum diameter) and study the effect of design parameters on safe span length by MATLAB Software R2017b and Newton–Raphson method and check the effects of the parameters of design such as the span length (L), discharge (Q), overhead loss (H), inlet and outlet coefficient (KK1 &KK2), etc. Also, this article studies the safe span (L) depending on the optimum value of pipe diameter.
The impact of accelerated aging on the mechanical and thermal properties and VOC emission of polypropylene composites reinforced with glass fibers
Authors: Rüppel Annette , Wolff Susanne , Heim Hans-Peter 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the impact of accelerated aging on selected mechanical and thermal properties and VOC emission of polypropylene composites filled with glass fiber with different fiber contents. Due to their positive properties (good thermal and mechanical properties, low weight), glass fiber reinforced thermoplastics are becoming increasingly important. Fiber reinforced thermoplastics are mainly produced by injection molding and extrusion, whereby the extrusion compounding process is primarily used to prepare fiber-filled granulates while the injection molding process is used to manufacture products. In this study, short glass fiber reinforced thermoplastics (polypropylene) are produced on a twin screw extruder. Then, tensile test specimens are produced by injection molding. The glass fiber content is between 20 and 40 wt%. In order to investigate the long-term stability, the test specimens are artificially aged in accordance with ASTM 1980. The thermal, mechanical, and emission properties were evaluated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile tests, and TDS-GC-MS analysis prior to and after accelerated aging. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of thermal aging on crystallinity and mechanical properties and on VOC emission of glass fiber reinforced isotactic polypropylene.
Minimum power consumption of multistage irreversible Carnot heat pumps with heat transfer law of q ∝ (ΔT)
m
Authors: Chen Lingen , Xia Shaojun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
For the given initial finite high-temperature heat reservoir temperature, continuous Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equations are established to obtain optimal finite high-temperature heat reservoir temperature for minimum power consumption of multistage Carnot heat pumping system with generalized convective heat transfer law [q ∝ (ΔT)
m
]. Analytical expression of optimal heat reservoir temperature with Newtonian heat transfer law (m = 1) is obtained based on generalized optimization results for minimum power consumption. For other heat transfer laws (m ≠ 1), numerical solutions for minimum power consumption are provided. Optimization results for multistage Carnot heat pumps are compared with maximum power output solutions of multistage irreversible Carnot heat engines.
Fetal intelligent navigation echocardiography (FINE) has superior performance compared to manual navigation of the fetal heart by non-expert sonologists
Authors: Swor Katie , Yeo Lami , Tarca Adi L. , Jung Eunjung , Romero Roberto 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Manual and intelligent navigation (i.e. fetal intelligent navigation echocardiography or FINE) by the operator are two methods to obtain standard fetal cardiac views from spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) volumes. The objective was to compare the performance between manual and intelligent navigation (FINE) of the fetal heart by non-expert sonologists.

Methods
In this prospective observational study, ten sonologists underwent formal training on both navigational methods. Subsequently, they were tested on their ability to obtain nine cardiac views from five STIC volumes of normal fetal hearts (19–28 gestational weeks) using such methods. The following parameters were determined for both methods: (1) success rate of obtaining nine cardiac views; (2) mean time to obtain nine cardiac views per sonologist; and (3) maximum number of cardiac views successfully obtained for each STIC volume.

Results
All fetal cardiac images obtained from 100 STIC volumes (50 for each navigational method) were reviewed by an expert in fetal echocardiography. Compared to manual navigation, FINE was associated with a significantly: (1) higher success rate of obtaining eight (excluding the abdomen view) appropriate cardiac views (92–100% vs. 56–88%; all p<0.05); (2) shorter mean time (minute:seconds) to obtain nine cardiac views (2:11 ± 0:37 vs. 15:49 ± 7:44; p<0.0001); and (3) higher success rate of obtaining all nine cardiac views for a given STIC volume (86 vs. 14%; p<0.001).

Conclusions
When performed by non-expert sonologists, intelligent navigation (FINE) had a superior performance compared to manual navigation of the normal fetal heart. Specifically, FINE obtained appropriate fetal cardiac views in 92–100% of cases.
Stem cells for treating retinal degeneration
Authors: Busskamp Volker 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The mammalian retina lacks regenerative potency to replace damaged or degenerated cells. Therefore, traumatic or genetic insults that lead to the degeneration of retinal neurons or retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells alter visual perception and ultimately can lead to blindness. The advent of human stem cells and their exploitation for vision restoration approaches has boosted the field. Traditionally, animal models – mostly rodents – have been generated and used to mimic certain monogenetic hereditary diseases. Of note, some models were extremely useful to develop specific gene therapies, for example for Retinitis Pigmentosa, Leber congenital amaurosis and achromatopsia. However, complex multifactorial diseases are not well recapitulated in rodent models such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) as rodents lack a macula. Here, human stem cells are extremely valuable to advance the development of therapies. Particularly, cell replacement therapy is of enormous importance to treat retinal degenerative diseases. Moreover, different retinal degenerative disorders require the transplantation of unique cell types. The most advanced one is to substitute the RPE cells, which stabilize the light-sensitive photoreceptors. Some diseases require also the transplantation of photoreceptors. Depending on the disease pattern, both approaches can also be combined. Within this article, I briefly feature the underlying principle of cell replacement therapies, demonstrate some successes and discuss certain shortcomings of these approaches for clinical application.
Atherogenic index of plasma and coronary artery disease: A systematic review
Authors: Ulloque-Badaracco Juan R. , Hernandez-Bustamante Enrique A. , Alarcon-Braga Esteban A. , Mosquera-Rojas Melany D. , Campos-Aspajo Alvaro , Salazar-Valdivia Farley E. , Valdez-Cornejo Valeria A. , Benites-Zapata Vicente A. , Herrera-Añazco Percy , Valenzuela-Rodríguez Germán , Hernandez Adrian V. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Various studies suggest that the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is associated with the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in different clinical scenarios. This review aimed to synthesize evidence of the association between AIP values and CAD. A literature search was carried out on four databases, namely, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Ovid-Medline. A handsearch was performed on preprint repositories (MedRxiv and Research Square). The effect measurements were expressed as odds ratios (OR) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). For the quantitative synthesis, we employed a random-effects model. We analyzed 14 articles (with 40,902 participants) from seven different countries. The quantitative analysis revealed that an increase in one unit of AIP was associated with higher odds of developing CAD (OR 2.11; 95% CI 1.65–2.69; P < 0.001; I
2 = 98%). We conducted subgroup analyses of Chinese (OR 1.89; 95% CI 1.40–2.56; P < 0.001) and non-Chinese studies (OR 2.51; 95% CI 1.42–4.42; P < 0.001). The sensitivity analysis by risk of bias continued to demonstrate an association, and the heterogeneity remained unchanged (OR 1.75; 95% CI 1.33–2.31; P < 0.001; I
2 = 98%). Higher AIP values were associated with higher odds of developing CAD.
Study on aging resistance of AAAS grafted in situ on paper documents
Authors: Zeng Deli , Fan Huiming , Huang Shanshan , Li Fengyu , Liao Yunfei , Ge Ge , Liu Jianan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Due to the complex storage environment, paper documents will suffer different degrees of damage during storage. Studying the aging behavior of paper after strengthening treatment is an important aspect of evaluate the effect of strengthening agent treatment. In this paper, the aging resistance properties of base paper, APTES, AEAPMDMS, and APTES/AEAPMDMS reinforced samples after dry heat aging and moist heat aging were studied. The results show that in the early stage of aging, the amorphous region of the fiber is mainly degraded gradually. With the passage of time, the crystalline region of cellulose is also degraded continuously, and the crystalline region of cellulose is degraded more significantly during moist heat aging. Compared with the base paper, the AAAS reinforced paper sample can significantly slow down the aging and degradation of the paper sample and has better aging resistance.
Combining Agent-Based Modelling and Geographical Information Systems to Create a New Approach for Modelling Movement Dynamics: A Case Study of Mesolithic Orkney
Authors: Sucharyna Thomas Leo , Wickham-Jones Caroline R. , Heppenstall Alison J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe earliest Holocene occupation of Orkney is still poorly understood. This pilot study explores the use of multi-factorial landscape and land-cover reconstruction to form a baseline physical environment for the assessment of Mesolithic movement and potential site suitability. A geographic information systems (GIS) approach to landscape reconstruction through proxy use allows for an analogue of Mesolithic land cover and extent to be generated and used to predict the potential for Mesolithic site/material remains. The integration of agent-based modelling introduces a novel investigation of pathways in the landscape, divined not with a fixed destination but with a programmed least-cost movement behaviour to extrude “natural corridors” of movement from the study area. Utilising the base physical characteristics of the natural environment, without introducing complex sociopolitical or economic drivers for movement promotes the use of a complex physical environment as a necessary consideration as baseline for all studies of mobility and movement. This approach also intends to present a platform to develop more universal or widely applicable models capable of providing a relevant baseline landscape for the rapid assessment and investigation of the archaeological potential of an area. Developing or understanding the role of a robust landscape permits the appropriate assessment of project utility, scale, and layering and integration of more complex input factors.
The geopolitics of the 1821 Greek Revolution
Authors: Kotoulas Ioannis E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter analyses the geopolitics of the Greek Revolution and provides an in-depth examination of the specific demographic and geographic factors that contributed to the Revolution’s outbreak and consequences. The chapter probes the geopolitical framework of interstate relations at the opening of the nineteenth century; the topography and characteristics of the spatial area of the Revolution; the human capital that facilitated the rebels (e.g. klephts, armatoloi, sailors, merchants, and intellectuals); and the strategic plans of the powers involved (great and small). The chapter reflects on the founding principles of the Greek state as a great-power protectorate and demonstrates that independence was achieved in great degree due to the geographic position of the Greek rebels on a vulnerable periphery of the Ottoman Empire, where the European states could project their sea power.
Defining a Hellene. Legal constructs and sectarian realities in the Greek War of Independence
Authors: Doxiadis Evdoxios 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Greek War of Independence (1821–1829) is a fascinating mélange of the old and new of traditional identities and modern concepts. Perhaps nothing exemplifies this better than questions of identity, ethnicity, and nationality as they played out and developed over the nine years of the conflict. This article examines two trajectories on the question of identity and nationality that seamlessly coexisted not only during the Greek War of Independence but also for much of the early history of the Modern Greek State. The first looks at popular understandings of identity and the second the legal constructs that tried to define a national identity and nationality in terms of law that would be compatible with developments elsewhere in Europe. This article explores these questions on the ground but also in terms of legal constructs and their evolution from the period just before the eruption of the revolt to the establishment of the Greek state arguing that these efforts and apparent contradictions can be seen as taking part in a wider European debate on nationality and identity following the experience of the Napoleonic Wars and at the same time continuing long-held identities in the Ottoman state.
“Little Malta”: Psara and the Peculiarities of naval warfare in the Greek Revolution
Authors: Pissis Nikolas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The tiny island of Psara, located in the northeastern Aegean Sea, constitutes a lieu de mémoire for the Greek War of Independence. Psara occupied a prominent place in Philhellenic discourse due to the spectacular achievements of the island’s fireships and due to the bloody reprisals after an attack in 1824 by the Ottoman navy. This chapter utilizes the case of Psara as a laboratory for examining various questions related to military history (such as the nature of naval operations, their resources, techniques, and command) in an Ottoman and Mediterranean framework (particularly involving the legacy of the Russian–Ottoman War of 1768–1774). It addresses the broader issues and debates concerning the immediate causes of the outbreak of the Greek Revolution in 1821 as well as the perceptions of events (e.g., the looting of Muslim settlements on the Anatolian coast by Psara’s warships). The study draws on a neglected corpus of sources, including the voluminous “Archive of Psara” (Academy of Athens, 1974) and naval diaries of Greek war ships.
The contextual behaviour of specialised collocations: typology and lexicographic treatment
Authors: Giacomini Laura 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA corpus-based analysis of specialised phraseology can shed light on the role of phrasal context in terminology. This contribution describes the behaviour of constituents of simple and complex specialised collocations in technical texts and the way in which these are distributed in different contexts ranging from the immediate surroundings of a node to the inclusion of a much larger portion of text. The contextual behaviour of specialised collocations is exemplified by English and Italian terms in the domain of photovoltaic technology. This contribution aims to identify and classify specialised collocations along their formation modalities and contexts, as well as to discuss the impact of these phenomena on their representation in LSP lexicographic resources. Issues and options concerning the extraction of collocations and contexts are also addressed.
Allocating Liability among Several Physicians: A Theoretical Model
Authors: Martin-Lapoirie Dylan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Healthcare treatment can be considered a credence good; that is, the patient may not always be able to infer quality ex ante nor observe it ex post. In this article, we study the allocation of liability among two physicians for joint damage under two liability regimes: strict liability and the negligence rule. The credence characteristic implies that the patient imperfectly detects treatment error. We find that the negligence rule is more deterrent than strict liability if the probability of detection of treatment error by the patient is high. If the probability of detection is low, both liability regimes are equivalent. An efficient allocation rule should be based on the degree of substitutability between the precaution levels of the physicians and the probability that the patient detects treatment error.
Stochastic perturbation of tendencies and parameters of parameterizations in the global ensemble prediction system based on the SL-AV model
Authors: Alipova Kseniya A. , Goyman Gordey S. , Tolstykh Mikhail A. , Mizyak Vasiliy G. , Rogutov Vladimir S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlgorithms for stochastic perturbation of parameters and tendencies of physical parameterizations for subgrid-scale processes are implemented into the ensemble prediction system. This system is based on the global semi-Lagrangian atmospheric model SL-AV with the resolution of 0.9 × 0.72 degrees in longitude and latitude, respectively, 96 vertical levels, and our implementation of the Local Ensemble Tranform Kalman Filter (LETKF). The use of stochastically perturbed parameterizations allows to generate ensembles with a significantly larger spread compared to one obtained with the method of static parameter perturbation. An improvement in the probabilistic estimates of the ensemble forecast for different seasons is shown.
INM-IM: INM RAS Earth ionosphere F region dynamical model
Authors: Kulyamin Dmitry V. , Ostanin Pavel A. , Dymnikov Valentin P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A new INM RAS global dynamical model of Earth’s ionosphere F region (100–500 km), which takes into account plasma-chemical processes, ambipolar diffusion, and advective ion transport due to electromagnetic drifts and neutral wind is presented. The model includes parameterizations of polar electric fields induced by magnetospheric convection and simplified equatorial drifts considerations. The focus of the paper is directed on the description of specific methods developed and utilized in the ionospheric model. Key processes responsible for the formation of global ionospheric features are outlined and their representation in the model is evaluated. The main global ionospheric characteristic features, such as seasonal and diurnal cycles, the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA), polar ionization caps and the main trough have been adequately reproduced based on this model.