bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local collective action for sustainability transformations: emerging narratives from local energy initiatives in The Netherlands
Authors: Hasanov Mustafa , Zuidema Christian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe phrase “local collective action” is increasingly being used to describe how civil society engages with, and acts upon, sustainability transformations. While existing research has framed local collective action as an outcome of creating a shared agenda on a local level, there have been calls for exploring the diversity of ideas, motives, and ambitions people have when they join local energy initiatives. This article aims to identify the diverse attitudes towards local collective action envisioned by those who engage in local energy initiatives. We use Q methodology to analyze people’s perceptions of the local collective action they are engaged in and how those perceptions could manifest in different pathways for sustainability transformations. Forty-seven statements reflecting various approaches to local collective action were sorted by people engaged in various local energy initiatives in the northeast of the Netherlands. Based on the analysis, we distinguish four factors—Localism, Facilitation, Orchestration, and Radical Transformation—that express the diverse aspirations, motivations, and rationales associated with local collective action in local energy initiatives. The findings emphasize that for those engaged in local energy initiatives (LEIs), local collective action means navigating among different assumptions, values, and transformation processes, which often oscillate between guiding principles that emphasize “getting things done” and “creating a pleasant atmosphere”. We argue that these four factors can serve as a starting point for developing local collective action strategies to help local communities and authorities unpack possible tensions, confrontations, and conflicts concerning local energy initiatives. These findings point out that while local energy initiatives rely on people’s energy and enthusiasm, practitioners and governments should be cautious while embracing their ambitions and values.
Cosmological mass of the photon and dark energy as its Bose–Einstein condensate in de Sitter space
Authors: Resca Lorenzo Gallerani 
Published: July 2022

AbstractI develop a physical picture of dark energy (DE) based on fundamental principles and constants of quantum mechanics (QM) and general relativity (GR) theories. It derives from a conjecture of nonzero masses for nearly standard-model photons or gluons, based on QM localization at a cosmological scale. Dark energy is associated with de Sitter space and that has a fundamentally invariant event horizon, which provides the basis for my DE model. I conceive of DE as a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) of cosmologically massive photons, and I estimate fundamentally the binding energy per particle originating from an effectively attractive QM potential in that BEC. Since massive photons may stand at rest in a de Sitter universe with flat spatial geometry, I solve the time-independent Schrödinger equation for a nonrelativistic attractive spherical-well potential self-confining at the de Sitter horizon. The minimal critical potential depth that binds a particle state at the top of that well, combined with the prototypical condition of dark energy-pressure relation in the standard flat $$\Lambda $$
Λ
-CDM model, provides an estimate of the photon mass, $$m_g$$

m
g

. That is supported by an independent calculation of the vacuum energy of the BEC in a de Sitter static metric with coordinate-time slicing. I also consider classical gravitational collapse for a uniform dark energy density, approaching Schwarzschild condition. These QM and GR estimates provide compatible accounts of dark energy condensation, bridging a chasm between nuclear and cosmological scales. I then investigate statistical properties of equilibrium between the g-BEC phase and the ordinary ‘vapor’ phase of $$m_g$$

m
g

photons. Resulting corrections to the Planck spectrum of the CMB are too small to be detectable, at least currently. Most notably, I consider a system of cosmological units, or ‘g-units,’ that complements the fundamental system of Planck units in various ways. The geometric mean of Planck and g-mass turns out to be remarkably close to current estimates of neutrino masses, suggesting that even masses of the lightest known fermions may be deeply related to both GR and QM fundamental constants $$\Lambda $$
Λ
, G, c and h.
Hagrid: using Hilbert and Gosper curves to gridify scatterplots
Authors: Cutura Rene , Morariu Cristina , Cheng Zhanglin , Wang Yunhai , Weiskopf Daniel , Sedlmair Michael 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A common enhancement of scatterplots represents points as small multiples, glyphs, or thumbnail images. As this encoding often results in overlaps, a general strategy is to alter the position of the data points, for instance, to a grid-like structure. Previous approaches rely on solving expensive optimization problems or on dividing the space that alter the global structure of the scatterplot. To find a good balance between efficiency and neighborhood and layout preservation, we propose Hagrid, a technique that uses space-filling curves (SFCs) to “gridify” a scatterplot without employing expensive collision detection and handling mechanisms. Using SFCs ensures that the points are plotted close to their original position, retaining approximately the same global structure. The resulting scatterplot is mapped onto a rectangular or hexagonal grid, using Hilbert and Gosper curves. We discuss and evaluate the theoretic runtime of our approach and quantitatively compare our approach to three state-of-the-art gridifying approaches, DGrid, Small multiples with gaps SMWG, and CorrelatedMultiples CMDS, in an evaluation comprising 339 scatterplots. Here, we compute several quality measures for neighborhood preservation together with an analysis of the actual runtimes. The main results show that, compared to the best other technique, Hagrid is faster by a factor of four, while achieving similar or even better quality of the gridified layout. Due to its computational efficiency, our approach also allows novel applications of gridifying approaches in interactive settings, such as removing local overlap upon hovering over a scatterplot.

Graphical abstract
LA-ICP-MS analysis of trace and rare-earth element distribution in calcite fracture fillings from Forsmark, Simpevarp and Laxemar (Sweden)
Authors: Kusturica Annemie , van Laaten Neele , Drake Henrik , Schäfer Thorsten 
Published: July 2022

AbstractConcentrations and spatial distribution of trace elements in secondary minerals provide valuable information about mobility controlling processes in natural fractures. Important examples include rare-earth element contents that act as analogues for the retention of trivalent actinides such as Am/Cm or Pu(III). The secondary phases (carbonates) investigated in this study originate from exploration drilling bore cores of the Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company SKB (Forsmark, Simpevarp and Laxemar, Sweden).Here, high-resolution element analysis (Micro-X-ray Fluorescence-Spectrometry (µXRF) and Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS)) is applied to scan for Na and the trace elements Mn, Fe, Sr, Pb, Th and U as well as the rare-earth elements Y, La, Ce and Yb associated with carbonate fracture fillings. High resolution element maps highlight growth zones and microstructures within the samples, which are not detected by the usual point and line measurements. Evidence of phase-dependent partitioning is observed.The partition coefficients, D, determined from formation water and carbonate data were compared to experimentally generated coefficients and values derived from a 17-year precipitation experiment carried out at the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory (HRL).Distribution coefficients of the light rare-earth elements La and Ce have been found to be relatively high in the studied samples, whereas the coefficients of distribution of Sr and U are remarkably low.Overall, the results of this work show that the secondary calcite formed in deep granitic fractures coprecipitated periodically with significant amounts of radionuclide analogues (i.e., rare-earth elements).
Transformation of the coastal social-ecological system in southwest Bangladesh due to empolderment
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Aminur , Dawes Les , Donehue Paul , Rahman Mohammad Rezaur 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInitiated in the early 1960s, the Coastal Embankment Project (CEP) in Bangladesh brought more than 1.2 million hectares of low-elevation coastal land under cultivation through a complex system of embankments and drainage sluices. A significant milestone in the history of water resources management in Bangladesh, CEP catalyzed the socio-economic development of the coastal community over the following decades. However, the human intervention in the complex hydro-geo-morphological settings of the Ganges delta later manifested some challenges. As the embankments had cut off the tidal plains from the rivers, silt started depositing on the riverbeds, which eventually caused drainage congestion inside the polders. Meanwhile, significant changes in landuse occurred as saltwater shrimp farming took over traditional crop cultivation. Shrimp cultivation increased soil salinity inside the polders rendering the land unsuitable for crop cultivation. The kitchen gardens and the fruit plants that grew after the construction of the embankments disappeared from the landscape due to high soil salinity. The cyclone in 2009 badly damaged the embankments in the southwest coastal region resulting in the longstanding suffering of the people. The protected landscape became subject to tidal flooding, sweeping off the decades of development gains. This case study from Bangladesh demonstrates how physical infrastructure can significantly change the bio-physical and socio-economic landscapes in coastal settings and give rise to a new social-ecological system.
Influences of Elevated Nutrients and Water Temperature from Wastewater Effluent on River Ecosystem Metabolism
Authors: Zhang Meng , Chadwick Michael A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRiver ecosystem metabolism (REM) is a measure of ecological function which integrates gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER). Urban rivers often receive effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) which frequently alter nutrient concentrations and modify temperature regimes of receiving water bodies. To investigate how variations in nutrients and water temperature affect REM, we applied the night-time slope modelling to estimate diurnal REM at sites above and below a wastewater outfall on the River Wandle, UK. Overall, estimated GPP (0–21.2 mgO2·L− 1·d− 1) and ER (5.5–10.1 mgO2·L− 1·d− 1) from our study sites were similar to those of urban impacted rivers in other countries. GPP values were similar between sites, but downstream ER values were significantly higher affected by the WWTP effluent. GPP/ER ratios were < 1 indicating heterotrophic conditions and the river as a carbon source during the study. We found that sites had similar activation energy associated with ER suggesting our work provides a useful reference for estimating temperature corrected metabolic processes for other urban rivers in the region. Furthermore, structural equation modelling revealed that nutrient supply, water temperature and light availability were the main factors driving REM. This research highlights the major environmental factors affecting REM, which helps to understand the response of river metabolism and river regulation of regional carbon cycle to future climate change and provide evidence to inform river restoration and future in-stream management.
Internet Gaming Disorder in the DSM-5: Personality and Individual Differences
Authors: Chew Peter K. H. , Wong Charmaine M. H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractResearch that has examined the relationships between Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and personality traits has been limited by the use of instruments based on inappropriate criteria. Furthermore, the personality traits have seldom been studied concurrently, precluding an examination of the relative importance of each trait in predicting IGD. The current study aimed to address those limitations by concurrently examining the Big Five Personality Factors, sensation seeking, impulsivity, and aggression, as potential predictors of IGD. Participants were a convenience sample of 123 gamers (57.7% females). A hierarchical multiple regression was conducted with age and gender in Step 1 and the personality traits in Step 2. The results showed that only impulsivity and gender significantly predicted IGD. Limitations include the conceptualization of impulsivity as a negative construct and the unreliability of the openness to experience subscale. Future research directions include using impulsivity as a core characteristic of an individual and examine its interaction with a range of affective and cognitive factors.
Computational authorship analysis of the homeric poems
Authors: Pavlopoulos John , Konstantinidou Maria 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNatural language modeling is used to predict or generate the next word or character of modern languages. Furthermore, statistical character-based language models have been found useful in authorship attribution analyses by studying the linguistic proximity of excerpts unknown to the model. In prior work, we modeled Homeric language and provided empirical findings regarding the authorship nature of the 48 Iliad and Odyssey books. Following this line of work, and considering the current philological views and trends, we break down the two poems further into smaller portions. By employing language modeling we identify outlying passages, indicating reduced linguistic affinity with the main body of the two works and, by extension, potentially different authorship. Our results show that some of the passages isolated as outliers by the language models were also identified as such by human researchers. We further test our methodology and models on texts of similar language and genre created by other authors, namely Hesiod’s “Theogony” and “Work and Days”.
Monte Carlo stochastic Galerkin methods for non-Maxwellian kinetic models of multiagent systems with uncertainties
Authors: Medaglia Andrea , Tosin Andrea , Zanella Mattia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we focus on the construction of a hybrid scheme for the approximation of non-Maxwellian kinetic models with uncertainties. In the context of multiagent systems, the introduction of a kernel at the kinetic level is useful to avoid unphysical interactions. The methods here proposed, combine a direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) in the phase space together with stochastic Galerkin (sG) methods in the random space. The developed schemes preserve the main physical properties of the solution together with accuracy in the random space. The consistency of the methods is tested with respect to surrogate Fokker–Planck models that can be obtained in the quasi-invariant regime of parameters. Several applications of the schemes to non-Maxwellian models of multiagent systems are reported.
Long-term outcome of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis seeking nonoperative treatment after a mean follow-up of 42 years
Authors: Farshad Mazda , Götschi Tobias , Bauer David E. , Böni Thomas , Laux Christoph J. , Kabelitz Method 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) affects up to 3% of otherwise healthy adolescents. The extreme long-term outcomes of nonoperative treatment are underreported. This study aimed to investigate the long-term outcome of nonoperative-treated AIS patients. Comparison between a bracing and an observation approach were performed.

Methods
In a retrospective cohort study, 20 nonoperatively treated AIS patients were observed concerning patient-related outcome measures (PROM) (visual analog scale (VAS), Short Form Health Survey 36 item (SF 36), Scoliosis Research Society (SRS 24), Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Index (ODI), Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWBI)), radiological curve progression and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Baseline characteristics and radiological imaging were collected. At follow-up, anteroposterior and lateral X-rays as well as questionnaires were analyzed.

Results
Twenty patients (16 females, mean age: 14.6 ± 3.2 years) with a follow-up time of 42 ± 9 years were included. Nine patients (initial Cobb 35° ± 19°) were treated with bracing for a mean time of 26 ± 9 months, while the other 11 patients (initial Cobb 29° ± 11°) were observed. The primary curve progressed from 32° ± 15° to 52° ± 25° in average with no significant difference between the cohorts (p = 0.371). At final follow-up, a mean ODI score of 7 ± 7.9 points with no difference depending on the treatment (p = 0.668) was seen. No significant differences were observed for PROMs. Curve magnitude correlated neither at diagnosis (p = 0.617) nor at follow-up (p = 0.535) with the ODI score at final follow-up.

Conclusion
After a mean of 42 years, patients with nonoperative treatment of moderate AIS demonstrated a good clinical outcome despite progression of the deformity.

Level of evidence
Level IV, therapeutic study.
Advocates of climate action? The age of members of parliament and their activity in legislative debates on climate change
Authors: Debus Marc , Himmelrath Noam 
Published: July 2022

AbstractParliamentary debates are an important stage in the process of designing new policies and play an important role for discussing the policy reactions to exogenous events like the COVID-19 pandemic or long-term developments like climate change. We combine theories on vote-seeking strategies of political actors with theoretical accounts that highlight the impact of personal characteristics of politicians and argue that in particular younger Members of Parliament (MPs) should put more emphasis on issues related to climate change and its consequences than older MPs. We test our hypotheses on the basis of an original dataset covering all parliamentary debates that focus on issues related to climate change in the German Bundestag from 2013 until 2021, thus concentrating on a time period when climate change became a highly salient issue among the German public. We find that the age of MPs matters: the younger MPs are, the more speeches they contribute to parliamentary debates related to climate policy.
Graphical Abstract
Cranioplasty split calvaria in pediatric patient
Authors: Darlan Ditto , Suryaningtyas Wihasto , Parenrengi Muhammad Arifin 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Cranioplasty in pediatrics often results in a poor outcome. Therefore, proper consideration and decision-making are needed in choosing surgical techniques for cranioplasty in children, especially autologous, which can cause abnormal skull and brain growth.

Case description:
A 3-year-old girl presented to our outpatient clinic with a complaint of a left front-temporo-parietal skull defect due to a history of acute subdural hemorrhage evacuation and decompressive craniectomy. After a series of failed cranioplasties, the patient then underwent a split calvarial cranioplasty. Postoperatively, the patient was fully conscious and had no neurological deficit.

Discussion:
Commonly used autologous material with bone graft is those of split rib and split calvarial. Large defect area does not allow the use of split rib. Therefore, split calvaria is the main choice in this case, due to its capability of giving larger defect area obtained, more suitable contour for the defect area, single incision, and more rigidity for cosmetic purpose.

Conclusion:
Autologous cranioplasty with split calvaria can be used in certain cases of infection or trauma that often causes bone tissue damage, so that autograft bone flap cannot be reused. In pediatric cases, the split calvaria technique is appropriate for children patient that has a problem of skull defect.

Highlights
Navigating Cultural Divides via Identity Work: Bulgarian Migrant Entrepreneurs’ Tactics in the UK
Authors: Stoyanov Stoyan , Stoyanova Veselina 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTThe changing geopolitical landscapes and increased migration flow across the world call for a fresh perspective on the sociocultural and economic integration of migrants in their new ‘homes’ and ‘communities’. In this qualitative process study, we provide insight into the identity work dynamics that underlie interfirm cooperation in the new business context. We see a sample of Bulgarian migrant entrepreneurs as knowledge boundary spanners who employ identity work tactics for the development of shared norms and values that facilitate knowledge exchange between their home culture and the UK host culture context. This study suggests that knowledge boundary spanning is enabled by a temporal identity work process, characterized by a series of inward and outward identity work tactics. The interplay between inward and outward identity work tactics occurs over phases of identifying identity differences, adopting identity cues, and finally, realizing hybrid identity. This article contributes to the identity work and migrant entrepreneurship literature by exploring the underlying mechanisms for realizing knowledge boundary spanning by migrant entrepreneurs.
Policing, Democratic Participation, and the Reproduction of Asymmetric Citizenship
Authors: GONZÁLEZ YANILDA , MAYKA LINDSAY 
Published: July 2022

Can democratic participation reduce inequalities in citizenship produced by policing? We argue that citizen participation in policing produces a paradox, which we call asymmetric citizenship. For some citizens, expanding participation in policing expands citizenship by enhancing state responsiveness to demands. Yet citizen participation in policing often produces demands to repress marginalized groups, thereby contracting their citizenship rights. We theorize that formal spaces for citizen participation in policing produce asymmetric citizenship through three mechanisms: (1) defining some groups as “virtuous citizens” and labeling marginalized groups as “security threats,” (2) gatekeeping to amplify the voice of “virtuous citizens” while silencing marginalized groups, and (3) articulating demands for police repression of marginalized groups to protect the rights of “virtuous citizens.” We illustrate the framework through a qualitative analysis of São Paulo’s Community Security Councils. Our analysis elucidates mechanisms through which democratic participation can reproduce, rather than ameliorate, inequality in policing.
Internationalism, Protectionism, Xenophobia: The Second International's Migration Debate (1889–1914)
Authors: Musters Daan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn 1907, the Second International adopted a resolution on migration that rejected restrictions on the free movement of workers. In this article, we contend that, despite this official stance, the issue of migration was a highly controversial one for the international socialist community. We present a multi-level analysis, in which we detail the migration debate as it took place on the platforms of the Second International (roughly between 1903 and 1907) and the way in which this debate played out domestically for the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands and the Socialist Party of America – two parties that openly rooted for restrictions at the international level. We discern three ideal-typical stances on immigration – internationalism, on the one hand, and protectionist nativism and xenophobic nativism, on the other – and argue that it was the incompatibility of the internationalist and nativist positions that caused internal divisions to arise during the debates. Apart from speaking to the classic historiography on the Second International, which deals with the incompatibility of internationalism and nationalism, this article traces the influence of additional racist and culturalist ideologies on the debate and further historicizes it within the broader context of the modern international migration system that was taking shape at the time.