bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Watermarking Citra Digital menggunakan Contourlet Transform, Discrete Cosine Transform dan Noise Visibility Function
Authors: Setiadikarunia Daniel , Saragih Riko A , Susanthi Yohana , Liu Vincent 
Published: May 2022

Informasi dalam bentuk multimedia digital mudah dilakukan duplikasi dan modifikasi oleh pihak-pihak yang mungkin saja tidak memiliki izin dari pemilik yang sah. Hal ini dapat menimbulkan persoalan pelanggaran hak cipta atas informasi multimedia tersebut. Salah satu cara untuk mengatasi persoalan tersebut adalah dengan digital watermarking. Dalam artikel ini dibahas mengenai teknik watermarking pada citra digital menggunakan contourlet transform (CT) yang digabung dengan discrete cosine transform (DCT) dan perhitungan noise visibility function (NVF). Watermark disisipkan pada koefisien DCT dari subband hasil transformasi contourlet level 2. Penyisipan watermark dilakukan dengan memperhitungkan nilai NVF koefisien CT dari subband yang digunakan. Untuk daerah yang bertekstur, watermark akan disisipkan lebih kuat daripada daerah yang datar. Dari hasil uji coba diperoleh bahwa citra yang telah disisipi watermark mempunyai kualitas yang baik dengan rata-rata nilai peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) lebih besar dari 35 dB, dan watermark dapat diekstraksi kembali dengan baik dengan rata-rata nilai bit correct ratio (BCR) lebih besar dari 98%. Watermark masih tahan terhadap kompresi JPEG dengan faktor kualitas Q 9, penambahan noise Gaussian sampai 10%, cropping sampai 25%, dan scaling 75% dan 125%, tetapi tidak tahan terhadap rotasi. Information in the form of digital multimedia can easily be duplicated and modified by parties who may not have the permission of the legal owner. This can lead to issues of copyright infringement of the multimedia information. One solution to overcome this problem is digital watermarking. This article discusses watermarking technique in digital images using contourlet transform (CT) combined with discrete cosine transform (DCT) and noise visibility function (NVF) calculation. Watermark is inserted in the DCT coefficients of level 2 contourlet transform subband. Watermark insertion is done by calculating the NVF value of the CT coefficients of the subband used. For textured areas, the watermark will be inserted stronger than flat areas. From the test results, it is found that the watermarked image has good quality with an average peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) value greater than 35 dB, and the watermark can be extracted back well with an average bit correct ratio (BCR) value greater than 98%. Watermark is still resistant to JPEG compression with a quality factor Q greater than 9, Gaussian noise addition up to 10%, cropping up to 25%, scaling 75% and 125%, but not resistant to rotation.
Os efeitos de Maio de 68 na trajetória de Jacques Rancière: a dicotomia althusseriana entre ciência e ideologia colocada em xeque
Authors: Araújo Taís 
Published: May 2022

Após a eclosão de Maio de 68 e a criação da Universidade de Vincennes, Jacques Rancière reavaliou suas concepções teórico-políticas, assim como seu vínculo com o filósofo Louis Althusser e os intelectuais do Cercle d’Ulm. A dicotomia entre um tipo de conhecimento supostamente científico, a teoria marxiana, e a ideologia, tal como sustentavam os althusserianos, é colocada em xeque em favor de uma valorização dos movimentos políticos irruptivos dos anos 1960. No presente artigo, analisaremos esse momento da trajetória de Rancière em que o autor passa de seguidor a crítico de Althusser, ao reformular sua compreensão a respeito do significado das revoltas sociais e da sua concepção sobre o saber. Esse debate desdobrado em textos como Sur la théorie de l’idéologie: politique d’Althusser e La leçon d’Althusser não é algo circunstancial na obra de Rancière, antes aparece como uma questão que atravessa seu pensamento e contempla ainda seus escritos atuais: a recusa à divisão do saber e a suas hierarquias intelectuais e a desconfiança em relação à concepção de que a política, para eclodir de acordo com as expectativas de certa intelectualidade crítica, necessitaria da teoria como seu pré-requisito.
Efficacy and tolerability of the modified Atkins diet in children with drug‐resistant genetic generalized epilepsy
Authors: Kacker Shawn , Nordli Jr Douglas R. , Phitsanuwong Chalongchai 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjective. The ketogenic diet therapy is a time‐tested and potent non‐pharmacologic treatment for epilepsy. However, the study of the ketogenic diet in patients with genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) is not widely established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of the modified Atkins diet, a variation of the ketogenic diets, as a treatment for drug‐resistant GGE.Methods. A retrospective chart review was performed in patients with epilepsy treated with the modified Atkins diet at the University of Chicago from 2017 to 2020. For three months following diet initiation, participants were monitored for diet tolerability and effect on seizures. Response to the treatment was recorded by self‐reporting patients and guardians.Results. Thirteen patients with a diagnosis of drug‐resistant GGE were identified. An average of 3.8 anti‐seizure medications (ASMs) had been tried and 3.4 years had elapsed from seizure onset before dietary therapy was attempted. Patients were receiving a mean of 2.2 ASMs at the time of diet initiation. After undergoing dietary treatment for three months, 12/13 (92%) patients experienced a greater than 50% reduction in seizure frequency, 6/13 (46%) patients became seizure‐free, and 7/13 (54%) were able to discontinue at least one ASM. All patients completed at least three months of dietary therapy with an average duration of 9.3 months at the time of report. One patient reported side effects of fatigue which may be attributed to the diet.Significance. The modified Atkins diet has shown to be an effective and well‐tolerated treatment for children with drug‐resistant GGE. The diet provides the additional benefit of aiding to discontinue ASMs and, therefore, minimize the side effects from polypharmacy. Given these results, it seems reasonable to consider the modified Atkins diet as an alternative and possibly earlier treatment option for patients with drug‐resistant GGE.
ILAE Genetic Literacy Series: familial focal epilepsy syndromes
Authors: Gooley Samuel , Crompton Douglas E. , Berkovic Samuel F. ,   ILAE Genetics Literacy Taskforce
Published: May 2022

AbstractThere are a number of familial focal epilepsy syndromes, each with distinct clinical characteristics. Here, we review the epilepsy phenotypes and the genetic architecture of these syndromes. Using an illustrative clinical case, we describe the important steps in making a diagnosis and ordering appropriate genetic tests. Our discussion on the genetics of the familial focal epilepsies will provide a framework for interpreting the results of genetic testing, and allow us to apply this information to patient management.
Learn to interpret voltage maps: an atlas of topographies
Authors: Foged Mette Thrane , Scherg Michael , Fabricius Martin , Beniczky Sándor 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDescribing the location of EEG abnormalities, such as interictal epileptiform discharges, is an important step in the interpretation of EEG recordings and has clinical relevance, as it is expected to point out the region of the brain generating these abnormal signals. Traditionally, the location is reported by specifying the area on the scalp where maximum negativity is located. However, this only reflects the correct localization in the brain when the cortical generator is located on the convexity (radial orientation). When the cortical generator is in the wall of a sulcus (tangential orientation), due to current flow (volume conduction), the maximum negativity is not over the generator, but at a distance from it. Voltage maps are widely available in most EEG reader software programs. Simple rules for reading voltage maps help to estimate the orientation and location of the source in the brain, avoiding false lateralization and false localization. In this seminar in epileptology, using a didactic approach, we explain how to read voltage maps and provide an atlas of voltage maps.
Epilepsy in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Neri Sabrina , Mastroianni Giovanni , Gardella Elena , Aguglia Umberto , Rubboli Guido 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlthough epilepsy as a comorbidity in neurodegenerative disorders is increasingly recognized, its incidence is still underestimated and the features of epilepsy in the different neurodegenerative conditions are still poorly defined. Improved health care, resulting in increased longevity, will unavoidably lead to an increment of epilepsy cases in the elderly. Thus, it is conceivable to expect that neurologists will have to deal with these comorbid conditions to a growing extent in the future. In this seminar, we provide an updated overview of the clinical features, pathophysiological mechanisms and diagnostic and treatment approaches of epilepsy in the most common neurodegenerative disorders (such as Alzheimer disease and other types of dementia, Parkinson disease, Down syndrome, prion diseases, and progressive myoclonus epilepsies), aiming to provide a tool that can help epileptologists and neurologists in the diagnosis and management of this increasingly reported comorbidity.
Presentación
Authors: Pérez de las Heras Beatriz 
Published: May 2022

La distribución de los primeros fondos del plan europeo de recuperación, el levantamiento progresivo de las restricciones Covid, los trabajos de la Conferencia sobre el Futuro de Europa y la tensión geopolítica provocada por la invasión de Rusia a Ucrania han marcado la actualidad europea en los primeros meses de 2022. En este contexto incierto e inquietante, la Unión Europea (UE) se afana en abordar los importantes retos que tiene ante sí, como la transición climática, la digitalización, la seguridad en sus fronteras exteriores y la autonomía estratégica, entre otros. La respuesta que se de a estos desafíos determinará, no solo la posición de la UE en el tablero mundial, sino la sostenibilidad del propio proyecto europeo en los próximos años. Este número misceláneo 66/2022 de Cuadernos Europeos de Deusto incluye cinco contribuciones sobre diversos temas de actualidad europea, abordados desde diferentes perspectivas disciplinares.
Elecciones al Parlamento Europeo y programas de los partidos nacionales: estudio exploratorio de España (1987-2019)
Authors: Ares Castro-Conde Cristina , Mangana Ríos Alicia 
Published: May 2022

Tras la celebración de dos elecciones al Parlamento Europeo, en 2014 y 2019, a partir de la entrada en vigor del Tratado de Lisboa, en diciembre de 2009, resulta oportuno avanzar en el examen del papel de los partidos nacionales, los europartidos y los grupos políticos en la Eurocámara en la conformación de preferencias sobre asuntos de la UE y su traslación a las decisiones públicas adoptadas en el nivel supranacional del sistema político europeo a través de las aportaciones del Parlamento. Este trabajo presenta datos de un estudio exploratorio de España que analizó 68 programas de partidos y coaliciones que obtuvieron representación desde 1987 a 2019 en la única institución de la UE elegida directamente por todos los ciudadanos. Examinamos la extensión de estos textos y las menciones a los europartidos, sus candidatos —desde 2014— a presidir la Comisión Europea (Spitzenkadidaten) y los grupos políticos en la Eurocámara. El estudio preliminar permite conocer el caso español en los factores señalados, realizar algunas observaciones sobre las elecciones europeas en este país en tanto que cadena de delegación crecientemente relevante debido al fortalecimiento del Parlamento en la configuración institucional de la UE, así como formular hipótesis de cara a investigaciones en perspectiva comparada con distintos Estados miembros.
Recibido: 06 septiembre 2021Aceptado: 25 febrero 2022
The Workplace Discrimination Experiences of Americans with Disabilities: An Examination of Midwestern States
Authors: Leslie Mykal , McMahon Brian , Rumrill Phillip , Strauser David , Bergthold Eileen 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to examine the workplace discrimination experiences of individuals with disabilities residing in the Midwest by exploring their allegations filed under Title I of the ADA from 1992 through 2016.ObjectiveThe goals of this article are to describe region- and state-level patterns in workplace discrimination and to provide valuable information to stakeholders to better understand and address the issues within their respective areas of practice.MethodsUsing population level data of every available closed discrimination allegation filed under Title I of the ADA from its effectuation (January 26, 1992) through the most recent available data (December 31, 2016), descriptive statistics were obtained for each state within the Midwest for each of the five specific research questions. Data for each state represent the overall frequencies and proportions for each state and are presented in the context of their respective national and regional rankings for comparison purposes.Results
The surgical staging of apparent early-staged ovarian mucinous carcinoma
Authors: Yuan Zhen , Zhang Ying , Cao Dongyan , Shen Keng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
ObjectivesThe study aimed to explore the rate of upstaging after complete surgical staging in patients with apparent FIGO stage I ovarian mucinous carcinoma.MethodsOvarian mucinous carcinoma patients with surgical treatment were, retrospectively, reviewed in Peking Union Medical College Hospital between October 2020 and January 1994.ResultsTotally, 163 patients were included in this study, Surgical re-staging was performed in 89 patients after initial incomplete surgical staging and one-step complete surgical staging was performed in 74 patients. For these initial incompletely staged patients, residual tumors were found in 16 patients (16/89, 17.9%); for 19 patients with apparent FIGO stage IA, no patient was found to have residual tumor after incomplete staging surgery confirmed by the final pathology result of re-staging surgery. Ovarian cystectomy (HR=4.932, 95% CI= 1.347-18.058, P=0.016) were independent risk factors for residual tumor after incomplete staging surgery. For all 163 patients, up-staging was found in 15 patients (15/163, 9.2%). For 44 apparent FIGO stage IA patients, no patient was found to up-stage to FIGO II-IVB. Moreover, both the history of ovarian mucinous tumor (HR=4.745, 95% CI= 1.132-19.886, P=0.033) and bilateral ovaries involved (HR=9.739, 95% CI= 2.016-47.056, P=0.005) were independent risk factors for up-staging to FIGO stage II-IVB.ConclusionsFor patients of apparent FIGO stage IA, the possibility of residual tumors and up-staging is relatively low. While for patients of cystectomy, bilateral mucinous carcinomas, or history of ovarian mucinous tumors, complete staging surgery maintains greater significance.
Comparing Anterior Gastropexy to No Anterior Gastropexy for Paraesophageal Hernia Repair: A study protocol for a randomized control trial
Authors: Blake Kaela , Zolin Samuel , Tu Chao , Baier Kevin , Beffa Lucas , Alaedeen Diya , Krpata David , Prabhu Ajita , Rosen Michael , Petro Clayton 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: More than half of patients undergoing paraesophageal hernia repair (PEHR) will have radiographic hernia recurrence at 5 years after surgery. Gastropexy is a relatively low-risk intervention that may decrease recurrence rates, but it has not been studied in a prospective manner. Our study aims to evaluate the effect of anterior gastropexy on recurrence rates after PEHR, compared to no anterior gastropexy.Methods: This is a two-armed, single-blinded, registry-based, randomized controlled trial comparing anterior gastropexy to no anterior gastropexy in PEHR. Adult patients (≥18 years) with a symptomatic paraesophageal hernia measuring at least 5 cm in height on computed tomography, upper gastrointestinal series or endoscopy undergoing elective minimally invasive repair are eligible for recruitment. Patients will be blinded to their arm of the trial. All patients will undergo laparoscopic or robotic PEHR, where some operative techniques (crural closure techniques and fundoplication use or avoidance) are left to the discretion of the operating surgeon. During the operation, after closure of the diaphragmatic crura, participants are randomized to receive either no anterior gastropexy (control arm) or anterior gastropexy (treatment arm). Two hundred forty participants will be recruited and followed for 1 year after surgery. The primary outcome is radiographic PEH recurrence at 1 year. Secondary outcomes are symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease, dysphagia, odynophagia, gas-bloat, regurgitation, chest pain, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, postprandial pain, cardiovascular, and pulmonary symptoms as well as patient satisfaction in the immediate postoperative period and at 1-year follow-up. Outcome assessors will be blinded to the patients’ intervention.Discussion: This randomized controlled trial will examine the effect of anterior gastropexy on radiographic PEH recurrence and patient-reported outcomes. Anterior gastropexy has a theoretical benefit of decreasing PEH recurrence; however, this has not been proven beyond a suggestion of effectiveness in retrospective series. If anterior gastropexy reduces recurrence rates, it would likely become a routine component of surgical PEH management. If it does not reduce PEH recurrence, it will likely be abandoned.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04007952. Registered on July 5, 2019.https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04007952?term=NCT04007952&cond=Paraesophageal+Hernia&draw=2&rank=1
Expression of long noncoding RNAs in the ovarian granulosa cells of women with diminished ovarian reserve using high-throughput sequencing
Authors: Dong Li , Xin Xin , Chang Hsun-Ming , Leung Peter C.K. , Yu Chen , Lian Fang , Wu Haicui 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Infertility is a global reproductive-health problem, and diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) is one of the common causes of female infertility. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial regulators of numerous physiological and pathological processes in humans. However, whether lncRNAs are involved in the development of DOR remains to be elucidated.
Methods
Ovarian granulosa cells (OGCs) extracted from infertile women with DOR and from women with normal ovarian reserve (NOR) were subjected to high-throughput sequencing. Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis was conducted to identify the differential expression of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and lncRNAs. Sequencing results were validated by the selection of random lncRNAs using real-time reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
Results
Compared with the NOR group, a total of 244 lncRNAs were upregulated (53 known and 191 novel), and 222 lncRNAs were downregulated (36 known and 186 novel) in the DOR group. Similarly, 457 mRNAs had differential expression between the two groups. Of these, 169 were upregulated and 288 were downregulated. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes of mRNA and lncRNAs were considerably enriched in “cell adhesion and apoptosis”, “steroid biosynthesis”, and “immune system”. A co-expression network comprising lncRNAs and their predicted target genes revealed the possible involvement of the “thyroid hormone signaling pathway” and “protein binding, digestion and absorption” in DOR pathogenesis. The expression of SLC16A10 was positively regulated by multiple lncRNAs. Seven differentially expressed lncRNAs (NEAT1, RAB5A, MEG3, GNG12, MST1L, GCN1, and ZEB2-AS1) were identified, among which the expression of NEAT1, GNG12 and ZEB2-AS1 was in accordance with RNA-sequencing.
Conclusions
We presented the first data showing that the expression profiles of lncRNA and mRNA in OGCs between NOR and DOR patients using RNA sequencing. The lncRNAs that we identified may serve as novel diagnostic biomarkers for patients with DOR.
Profiles of GPs with High and Low Physician Empathy: Personal, Professional, and Antibiotic Prescribing Characteristics
Authors: Kristensen Troels , Ejersted Charlotte , Søndergaard Jens , Ahnfeldt-Mollerup Peder , Charles Justin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: General Practitioner’s (GPs) professional empathy has been hypothesized to have substantial impact on their delivered healthcare and use of medicine. This study compares profiles of personal, professional, and antibiotic prescribing characteristics of GPs with high and low empathy.Methods: We apply an extreme group design and a unique combined set of survey and drug register data. The survey was sent to a stratified sample of 1,196 GPs comprising 30% of the Danish GP population and 464 GPs responded(38,8%). GPs in the top and bottom decile of empathy levels were identified. The applied Jefferson Scale of Empathy for Health Professionals includes 20 items that fall into three factors: perspective taking, compassionate care, walking in patient’s shoes. Total scores, factor scores, and individual item scores were calculated to disentangle the differences between the profiles. All intra- and inter-profile descriptive statistics and differences were bootstrapped to estimate the variability and related confidence intervals (CIs).Results: 61% of GPs in the top decile of the empathy score were female. GPs in this group reported the following person-centered factors as more important for their job satisfaction than the bottom decile: The Patient-physician relationship, interaction with colleagues, and intellectual stimulation. High-empathy scoring GPs prescribed significantly less penicillin than the low-empathy GPs. This was true for most penicillin subcategories. There were no significant differences in age, practice setting (urban vs. rural), practice type (partnership vs. single-handed), overall job satisfaction, or GP’s value of prestige and economic profit for their job satisfaction. The intra profile variation index and CIs show less prescribing uncertainty among GPs with high empathy.Conclusions: This study reveals that high empathy GPs may have different personal, professional, and antibiotic prescribing characteristics than low empathy GPs and have less variable empathy levels as a group. Furthermore, person-centered high empathy GPs on average seem to prescribe less penicillins than low empathy GPs.
Lifecycle management of orphan drugs approved in Japan
Authors: Seki Kiyoshi , Suzuki Hiroshi , Abe Seiji , Saotome Chikako 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: The development of orphan drugs (ODs) is challenging from both development and business perspectives because of their small patient populations. To overcome such business challenges, lifecycle management (LCM), which maximizes profits by increasing sales and extending product lifetimes, is important to overcome the business challenges arising from their small patient populations. To clarify the activities of the LCM of ODs, we investigated additional indications that contribute to market expansion and marketing exclusivity using the patent extension and re-examination system of ODs approved in Japan between 2004 and 2019.Results: The 203 ODs consisting of 173 active ingredients were approved in Japan between 2004 and 2019. Sixty-eight (39%) of the 173 active ingredients have additional indications, of which 57 have at least one non-OD indication. Three-fourths of the 203 ODs had patent rights, and most of them included substance or use claims. Although the re-examination period for most ODs was 10 years after the approval, most patents had a longer duration than the re-examination period. Conclusions: Pharmaceutical companies were actively adding non-OD indications and were emphasizing the use of patent rights by registering extensions of substance or use patents for exclusive marketing periods. These results indicate that LCM through the addition of indications and registration of patent extensions is carried out as a strategy for many ODs in Japan, similar to the LCM of general non-ODs.