bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PdII‐Catalyzed C(alkenyl)−H Activation Facilitated by a Transient Directing Group**
Authors: Liu Mingyu , Sun Juntao , Erbay Tuğçe G. , Ni Hui‐Qi , Martín‐Montero Raúl , Liu Peng , Engle Keary M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPalladium(II)‐catalyzed C(alkenyl)−H alkenylation enabled by a transient directing group (TDG) strategy is described. The dual catalytic process takes advantage of reversible condensation between an alkenyl aldehyde substrate and an amino acid TDG to facilitate coordination of the metal catalyst and subsequent C(alkenyl)−H activation by a tailored carboxylate base. The resulting palladacycle then engages an acceptor alkene, furnishing a 1,3‐diene with high regio‐ andE/Z‐selectivity. The reaction enables the synthesis of enantioenriched atropoisomeric 2‐aryl‐substituted 1,3‐dienes, which have seldom been examined in previous literature. Catalytically relevant alkenyl palladacycles were synthesized and characterized by X‐ray crystallography, and the energy profiles of the C(alkenyl)−H activation step and the stereoinduction model were elucidated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Additive‐Assisted Hydrophobic Li+‐Solvated Structure for Stabilizing Dual Electrode Electrolyte Interphases through Suppressing LiPF6Hydrolysis
Authors: Li Fang , Liu Jiandong , He Jian , Hou Yuyang , Wang Huaping , Wu Daxiong , Huang Junda , Ma Jianmin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLithium‐metal batteries have attracted much attention due to their high energy density. However, the hydrolysis of LiPF6leads to uncontrollable Li dendrites growth and fast capacity fading. Herein, a hydrophobic Li+‐solvated structure is designed by inducing the hexafluoroisopropyl acrylate into the electrolyte system. Due to the alkene groups and non‐polar perfluorocarbon (−CF2CF2CF3) chain, a hydrophobic surface around Li‐ion solvated aggregates can be obtained to protect the LiPF6against the attack from trace H2O. Moreover, the additive could also help to form an organic solid electrolyte interphase with rich polar C−F bonds, which can capture Li ions to restrain the dendrite growth. Therefore, the Li||Li symmetric cells show a stable cycling performance up to 500 h at a current density of 1 mA cm−2. The Li||LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2cells show good cycling stability, exhibiting a specific capacity of 111 mAh g−1at 1 C with a capacity retention of 74 % after 200 cycles.
Electrochemistry in Magnetic Fields
Authors: Luo Songzhu , Elouarzaki Kamal , Xu Zhichuan J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDeveloping new strategies to advance the fundamental understanding of electrochemistry is crucial to mitigating multiple contemporary technological challenges. In this regard, magnetoelectrochemistry offers many strategic advantages in controlling and understanding electrochemical reactions that might be tricky to regulate in conventional electrochemical fields. However, the topic is highly interdisciplinary, combining concepts from electrochemistry, hydrodynamics, and magnetism with experimental outcomes that are sometimes unexpected. In this Review, we survey recent advances in using a magnetic field in different electrochemical applications organized by the effect of the generated forces on fundamental electrochemical principles and focus on how the magnetic field leads to the observed results. Finally, we discuss the challenges that remain to be addressed to establish robust applications capable of meeting present needs.
Synergistic effect of hybrid montmorillonite materials on the wear resistance of natural rubber/butadiene rubber composites
Authors: Song Yingjie , Lin Guangyi , Zhang Lin , Geng Chuanbao , Li Qiao , Wang Hong , Liu Fumin , Liang Zhenning , Jing Yuan , Li Yong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe wear resistance of rubber composite materials has always been the focus of research. The wear resistance will not only affect the service life of products and the safety of equipment, but also have an important impact on the environment. In this work, the preparation and properties of wear‐resistant rubber nanocomposites based on natural rubber (NR) were studied. It is dedicated to improving the wear resistance of NR composites. On this basis, the dispersibility of montmorillonite (MMT) hybrid materials in NR‐based rubber composites was explored. SiO2@MMT, SiO2@MMT@KH560, PDA@GO, and MMT@GO hybrid materials were prepared, and the hybrid materials were applied to the NR/butadiene rubber (NR/BR) system, and NR/BR/hybrid material composite materials were successfully prepared. The results show that the interlayer spacing of MMT in hybrid materials increases, which effectively improves the dispersibility of MMT in rubber matrix. The tensile strength of NR/BR/MMT@GO composite material increased by 12%, the elongation at break increased by 25%, the DIN abrasion decreased by 16.5% compared with the optimum wear rubber formula, and the wear resistance was greatly improved. This work provides a feasible way for the design of functional polymer composites.
Renal adaptation in relation to insectivorous feeding habit in the greater mouse‐eared bat, Myotis myotis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)
Authors: Paksuz Emine Pınar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe examined the histological structure of the kidneys of Myotis myotis to better understand their structural adaptations to dietary habits. M. myotis is an insectivorous bat species that belongs to the family Vespertilionidae. The kidneys of M. myotis are unilobular, bean‐shaped, and surrounded by a renal capsule. The two parts are distinguished by a thin cortex and a thicker medulla. Renal corpuscles consist of the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. The proximal tubule consists of cubic cells with a well‐developed brush border, whereas the distal tubule is lined with a simple cubic epithelium without a brush border. The Henle's loop, located in the medullary region, was composed of flat cells. The microvilli of proximal tubule epithelial cells and basal lamina of proximal and distal tubule epithelial cells were periodic acid Schiff (PAS)‐positive. The PAS‐positive reaction of the microvilli of proximal tubular epithelial cells and basal lamina of proximal and distal tubule epithelial cells is due to the presence of glycogen, which may be used as an energy substrate during absorption. The presence of acidic glycoconjugates in the papilla was demonstrated by Alcian blue (pH 2.5)‐PAS staining. According to the result of silver impregnation staining, it was determined that reticular fibers form a dense fibrillary network in the kidney parenchymal tissue. Reticular fibers are responsible for demarcating and supporting the borders of cells by forming a thin network of fibrils beneath the basal lamina of the cells. Structural features in the kidney, such as a thin cortex and thicker medulla, long conical papilla, and division of the thick medulla into inner and outer regions, of M. myotis may be an adaptation to produce concentrated urine, thereby reducing water loss associated with insectivorous feeding habits.
Effects of vertical wind shear on intensities of mesoscale convective systems over West and Central Africa
Authors: Baidu Michael , Schwendike Juliane , Marsham John H. , Bain Caroline 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVertical wind shear is known to play a key role in the organization and intensity of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) in West and Central Africa. A decadal increase in vertical wind shear has recently been linked to a decadal increase in intense MCSs over the Sahel. Here, the effects of vertical wind shear on MCSs over West and Central Africa have been investigated using a 10‐year (1998–2007) MCS dataset. Strong vertical shear is associated with long‐lived, moderate speed, moderate size and cold (deep) storms with high rain rates. The observed cloud top heights of storms over the oceans are closer to their level of neutral buoyancies (LNBs) compared to their land counterparts on the same latitudes. We hypothesize that this is due to greater entrainment dilution over land compared to storms over the ocean. Vertical shear allows storm anvils to reach higher altitudes relative to their LNB, this is consistent with the colder top storms over the Sahel (a region with a high vertical shear) compared to the Congo, despite a higher LNB in the Congo. It is not possible to diagnose the exact mechanisms for this impact of vertical shear from the data, but it is consistent with recent work showing that shear reduces entrainment dilution of squall‐line updrafts. We conclude that modelling impacts of vertical shear, which are normally missed in convection parameterizations, are not only important for predictions of high impact weather, but also for modelling the mean distribution of storm heights across Africa.
How useful is post‐graduate education in biochemistry for entry into the South African labour market?
Authors: Du Toit David , Koorsen Gerrit 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBiochemistry encompasses a broad range of life science disciplines. Unlike more vocational disciplines such as pharmacy or medicine, the career path associated with biochemistry is less clearly defined. An important question is whether the skills set provided by post‐graduate biochemistry education, defined as BSc (Hons.), MSc, or PhD degrees, is aligned with the requirements of a career in academia or industry. This article reports on former post‐graduate biochemistry students and their careers and aims to establish whether former post‐graduate students perceive a post‐graduate qualification in biochemistry as useful for entry into the job market. This article is based on responses of 64 former post‐graduate biochemistry students from South African universities who have graduated between 2010 and 2019. Findings show that most post‐graduate biochemistry graduates continue a career in academia after graduating. Some pursue a career in the industry, while a very small number of biochemistry post‐graduates are currently unemployed. These findings suggest that a post‐graduate degree in biochemistry provides the necessary scientific and research skills sought after by the employment sector in South Africa.
Tetraphenylethene Derivatives Modulate the RNA Hairpin‐G‐Quadruplex Conformational Equilibria in Proto‐oncogenes**
Authors: Gupta Payal , Ojha Divya , Nadimetla Dinesh N. , Bhosale Sheshanath V. , Rode Ambadas B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRNA G‐quadruplex (GQs) sequences in 5′‐UTRs of certain proto‐oncogenes co‐localize with hairpin (Hp) forming sequences resulting in intramolecular Hp‐GQ conformational equilibria, which is suggested to regulate cancer development and progression. Thus, regulation of Hp‐GQ equilibria with small molecules is an attractive but less explored therapeutic approach. Herein, two tetraphenylethene (TPE) derivatives, TPE−Py and TPE‐MePy, were synthesized and their effect on Hp‐GQ equilibrium was explored. FRET, CD and molecular docking experiments suggest that cationic TPE‐MePy shifts the Hp‐GQ equilibrium significantly towards the GQ conformer mainly through π‐π stacking and van der Waals interactions. In the presence of TPE‐MePy, the observed rate constant values for first and second folding steps were increased up to 14.6 and 2.6‐fold, respectively. The FRET melting assay showed a strong stabilizing ability of TPE‐MePy (ΔTm=4.36 °C). Notably, the unmethylated derivative TPE−Py did not alter the Hp‐GQ equilibrium. Subsequently, luciferase assay analysis demonstrated that the TPE‐MePy derivatives suppressed the translation efficiency by ∼5.7‐fold by shifting the Hp‐GQ equilibrium toward GQ conformers in the 5’‐UTR of TRF2. Our data suggests that HpGQ equilibria could be selectively targeted with small molecules to modulate translation for therapy.
Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the sphenoid sinus presenting with visual loss: A case report
Authors: Sharifi Sara , Asadi Mahboobe 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA rare case of sphenoid plasmacytoma in a 62‐year‐old woman who was presented with a frozen eye is reported. It was histopathologically confirmed based on transsphenoidal biopsy. Moreover, initial evaluation ruled out systemic dissemination of the disease and solitary plasmacytoma was diagnosed. Surgical removal of the tumor with complementary radiotherapy was performed as a treatment modality.
Reassessing the optimal volume for malignancy detection in serous fluid cytology
Authors: Coconubo Daniel Martínez , Baskota Swikrity Upadhyay , Li Runjia , Srivastava Pooja , Cuda Jackie , Khader Samer 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUNDThe international system for reporting serous fluid cytopathology (TIS) recommends submitting at least 50‐75 mL of serous fluid to decrease false‐negative results. However, prior studies did not agree on specific volume requirements or consensus adequacy criteria. Our study aims to assess whether fluid volume affects the adequacy rate and to assess the minimum volume necessary for optimal adequacy in pleural and peritoneal fluids.METHODSA total of 8530 serous fluid cytology cases were identified in the laboratory information system. Differences in mean fluid volume received in the laboratory were compared using an ANOVA Games‐Howell test based on TIS category. The percentage of malignant diagnoses across the volume ranges of 0 to 5 mL, 5 to 10 mL, 10 to 25 mL, 25 to 50 mL, 50 to 75 mL, 75 to 100 mL, 100 to 150 mL, 150 to 250 mL, 250 to 500 mL, 500 to 2000 mL was compared in pleural and peritoneal fluids using a chi‐square test, and a SiZer analysis was performed.RESULTSMean fluid volume in inadequate, atypical, and negative cases was significantly lower compared to positive cases. A SiZer analysis showed a positive relationship between the malignancy fraction of pleural and peritoneal fluids and fluid volume. The percentage of malignant diagnoses in pleural and peritoneal fluid samples increased significantly up to a volume range of 75‐100 mL.CONCLUSIONSThere is a significant relationship between fluid volume, adequacy and detection of malignancy in serous effusion cytopathology. The malignancy fraction increases with larger fluid volumes but at least 75‐100 mL of fluid should be submitted for optimal diagnosis of malignancy in pleural and peritoneal fluids.;
Detecting fraudulent transactions in banking cards using scale‐free graphs
Authors: Rahmani Farzaneh , Valmohammadi Changiz , Fathi Kiamars 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study aims to present an effective algorithm for identifying fraudulent transactions of banking cards. The proposed method uses missing value replacements and scale‐free graphs and the ensemble method with a large number of graphs that utilized voting between all graphs to predict whether a transaction is authorized or suspicious. The purpose of this method is to develop a graph‐based system for detecting fraudulent activities in the banking industry. This research improves the evaluation criteria and eliminates the weakness of individual methods and other group methods. This is achieved by combining group capability and group decision‐making and free scaling of scale‐free graphs. This was confirmed through conducting different experiments on two standard datasets and comparing with different studies and individual methods. The unique features of the proposed model included estimating the generalization error in the implementation as well as no need for assessment methods or test stage, along with estimating the level of importance of each variable in the problem during the algorithm runtime. To evaluate this algorithm, various parameters that are used in many data mining methods have been employed. The proposed algorithm is assessed against the decision tree algorithm, support vector machine, neural network, and ensemble neural network. Based on the obtained results, it was observed that in both datasets, the amount of evaluation criteria including accuracy, sensitivity, and f‐criteria calculated in the proposed method has increased by approximately 20% compared to the above‐mentioned our methods.
Psychometric profiling of individuals using Twitter profiles: A psychological Natural Language Processing based approach
Authors: Rathi Shubhangi , Verma Jai Prakash , Jain Rachna , Nayyar Anand , Thakur Narina 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The recent pandemic saw the operations of many businesses shifting to virtual mode. Tasks like psychometric analysis of individuals, for various applications, are conducted online. In this article, we introduce a novel system to analyze the semantics of an individual's tweets from their Twitter profile using LIWC and SALLEE scores. These scores can be used to evaluate less fortunate, thin‐filed candidates using their Twitter profiles. With increased access to phones and the internet, many organizations are focusing on making credit systems available to the masses by introducing psychometric analysis. This article proposes a dynamic model for evaluating the personality of a Twitter user using the textual content shared on their page. The model will allow stakeholders to ascertain the personality of user according to any personality model. To analyze if this is viable and flexible approach to model any kind of personality model, we take MBTI personality dataset and train classifier to predict personality types. Then these results are correlated with a linguistic score to find correlation between the two. We found that proposed approach, outperformed the other relevant works also some aspects of these linguistic scores show a heavy correlation with certain personality types.
Interactive and Reproducible Workflows for Exploring and Modeling RNA‐seq Data with pcaExplorer, Ideal, and GeneTonic
Authors: Ludt Annekathrin , Ustjanzew Arsenij , Binder Harald , Strauch Konstantin , Marini Federico 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe generation and interpretation of results from transcriptome profiling experiments via RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) can be a complex task. While raw data quality control, alignment, and quantification can be streamlined via efficient algorithms that can deliver the preprocessed expression matrix, a common bottleneck in the analysis of such large datasets is the subsequent in‐depth, iterative processes of data exploration, statistical testing, visualization, and interpretation. Specific tools for these workflow steps are available but require a level of technical expertise which might be prohibitive for life and clinical scientists, who are left with essential pieces of information distributed among different tabular and list formats.Our protocols are centered on the joint use of our Bioconductor packages (pcaExplorer, ideal, GeneTonic) for interactive and reproducible workflows. All our packages provide an interactive and accessible experience via Shiny web applications, while still documenting the steps performed with RMarkdown as a framework to guarantee the reproducibility of the analyses, reducing the overall time to generate insights from the data at hand.These protocols guide readers through the essential steps of Exploratory Data Analysis, statistical testing, and functional enrichment analyses, followed by integration and contextualization of results. In our packages, the core elements are linked together in interactive widgets that make drill‐down tasks efficient by viewing the data at a level of increased detail. Thanks to their interoperability with essential classes and gold‐standard pipelines implemented in the open‐source Bioconductor project and community, these protocols will permit complex tasks in RNA‐seq data analysis, combining interactivity and reproducibility for following modern best scientific practices and helping to streamline the discovery process for transcriptome data. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Exploratory Data Analysis with pcaExplorerBasic Protocol 2: Differential Expression Analysis with idealBasic Protocol 3: Interpretation of RNA‐seq results with GeneTonicSupport Protocol: Downloading and installing pcaExplorer, ideal, and GeneTonicAlternate Protocol: Using functions from pcaExplorer, ideal, and GeneTonic in custom analyses
An energy‐efficient blockchain approach for secure communication in IoT‐enabled electric vehicles
Authors: Bhaskar Kosur Bojji Raju , Prasanth Aruchamy , Saranya Paramasivan 
Published: April 2022

SummaryIn today's world, electric vehicles (EVs) play a significant role in transportation automation systems, and these vehicles are the replacement for fossil fuel usage vehicles. An EV generally depends on electric charges where the appropriate usage, charging, and energy management are the key constraints in EVs. To overcome these issues, proper energy management is essential in current EV management. In this paper, a novel blockchain‐based secure energy management has been proposed to provide efficient energy management in transportation automation. Primarily, the EVs have connected to the Internet of Things (IoT) sensors for collecting information like charging level, distance to be traveled, and location of the EVs. This information has been processed by an information center and transferred to the random forest classifier to identify the price of charging. Afterward, it can be transferred to the power scheduling algorithm for finding the nearest charging location (shortest distance) and time of charging to a specific EV. Finally, this information is stored in blocks to mitigate the misleading of EVs and to offer secure price transactions between the users and charging stations. The results manifest that the proposed scheme provides improved EV management with 94.5% of accuracy and maintains 10% lesser communication overhead as compared with existing state‐of‐the‐art techniques.
Xanthatin inhibits non‐small cell lung cancer proliferation by breaking the redox balance
Authors: Xie Yanbo , Zhu Xueyu , Liu Ping , Liu Yunxiao , Geng Yadi , Zhang Lei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLung cancer is the cancer with the highest mortality, and non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for more than 80%. Tumor cells often have high reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant capacity. Redox balance is very important for tumor. The decline of antioxidant capacity and excessive ROS will induce the death of tumor cells. Destroying the redox balance of tumor cells is a promising tumor treatment strategy. Xanthatin is an active sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Xanthium strumarium L. We observed that xanthatin induced the up regulation of mitochondrial ROS and mitochondrial damage. Meanwhile, our results showed that xanthatin could inhibit system xc− and reduce glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Antioxidant GSH and N‐acetyl‐
l‐cysteine (NAC) significantly reversed cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induced by xanthatin. β‐Mercaptoethanol (β‐ME) which can avoid inhibition of system xc− can also reverse the inhibition of cell proliferation induced by xanthatin, si‐SLC7A11 was the opposite. Based on these results, we believe that the inhibition of xanthatin on the proliferation of NSCLC cells may be related to breaking the intracellular redox balance. Our data suggest that xanthatin is a promising antitumor candidate for the treatment of NSCLC.