bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive impairment and associated factors among mature and older adults living in the community of Gondar town, Ethiopia, 2020
Authors: Gela Yibeltal Yismaw , Fekadu Sofonias Addis , Belsti Yitayeh , Akalu Yonas , Dagnew Baye , Getnet Mihret , Seid Mohammed Abdu , Diress Mengistie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCognitive impairment and dementia are age-related major public health concerns in the elderly population. It is a major cause of disability, dependency, and poor quality of life. However, in Ethiopia, the magnitude of this cognitive impairment among the elderly community was not investigated. Hence, this study sought to determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment and associated factors among mature and older adults living in the community of Gondar town, Ethiopia, in 2020. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Gondar town, from February 20 to April 30, 2020. Using a single-stage cluster sampling technique, 403 study participants were recruited. Data was collected by a pretested interviewer-administered structured questionnaire which consisting of sociodemographic variables, the Oslo Social Support Scale, and a Standardized Mini-mental State Examination (SMMSE) tool. Epi data version 3.0 was used to enter coded data and then exported into STATA 14 for analysis. Variables with a p-value < 0.25 in the bi-variable logistic regression were included in the multivariable regression. From multivariable logistic regression, variables having a p-value ≤ 0.05 were declared as statistically significant variables. In this study, a total of 403 study participants were involved, and 393 (97.5%) of them completed the survey. Among older participants screened for cognitive impairment, 43.8% was positive for cognitive impairment with a 95% CI (38.8–48.7%). The majority of the participants were (57.5%) male and (44.8%) aged over 60 years. After adjustment, the variables associated with cognitive impairment were age ≥ 75 years [odds ratio (OR) = 7.03, 95% CI 2.78–17.77] and between 61 and 74 years [OR = 3.18, 95% CI 1.81–5.59], and unable to read and write [OR = 5.05, 95% CI 2.04–12.50], low income level [OR = 2.60, 95% CI 1.26–5.20], being female [OR = 2.52, 95% CI 1.50–4.26], poor social support [OR = 2.50, 95% CI 1.30–4.81], and rural residence [OR = 2.39, 95% CI 1.26–4.51]. The prevalence of older participants who screened positively for cognitive impairment was high at Gondar town. The independent predictors of cognitive impairment among older individuals were older age, being unable to read and write, being female, low income, poor social support, and rural dwelling. Therefore, routine screening and social support, as well as free healthcare services for the mature and older community, are needed. Moreover, we strongly recommend the next researcher to use a diagnosis tool to estimate the actual prevalence of the problems among older people.
Activation Modes in Asymmetric Anion-Binding Catalysis
Authors: Mancheño Olga García , Entgelmeier Lukas-M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOver the past two decades, enantioselective anion-binding catalysis has emerged as a powerful strategy for the induction of chirality in organic transformations. The stereoselectivity is achieved in a range of different reactions by using non-covalent interactions between a chiral catalyst and an ionic substrate or intermediate, and subsequent formation of a chiral contact ion pair upon anion binding. This strategy offers vast possibilities in catalysis and the constant development of new reactions has led to various substrate activation approaches. This review provides an overview on the different activation modes in asymmetric anion-binding catalysis by looking at representative examples and recent advances made in this field.1	Introduction2	Electrophile Activation by Single Anion-Binding Catalysis2.1	Prior In Situ Charged Electrophiles2.2	Neutral Electrophile Activation via Anion Abstraction2.2.1	Anion Abstraction via an SN1 Mechanism2.2.2	Anion Abstraction via an SN2 Mechanism3	Nucleophile Activation and Delivery4	Bifunctional and Cooperative Co-catalysis Strategies4.1	Amine Groups for Bifunctional and Cooperative Catalysis4.2	Brønsted Acid Co-catalysis4.3	Lewis Acid Co-catalysis4.4	Lewis Base Co-catalysis4.5	Nucleophilic Co-catalysis for Activation of Electrophiles4.6	Cooperative Metal and Anion-Binding Catalysis4.7	Combination of Photoredox and Anion-Binding Catalysis5	Anion-π Catalysis6	Conclusion
Concise Synthesis of Procyanidin B2 3,3′′-Digallate Using Yb(OTf)3-Mediated Self-Condensation
Authors: Tanaka Yuuri , Kobayashi Shu-hei , Kawamura Atsushi , Makabe Hidefumi , Hattori Yasunao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLewis acid mediated self-condensation of epicatechin gallate derivative was examined. We found that Yb(OTf)3 afforded good yield of the dimeric epicatechin gallate derivative. The condensed product was applied to the synthesis of procyanidin B2 3,3′′-digallate.
Bereavement Support for Siblings after Neonatal Loss: an Online Survey of U.S. Training Centers
Authors: Tillhof Katie , Krawzak Katie , Batza Jennifer , Feltman Dalia M. 
Published: May 2022

Objective The aim of this study was to examine bereavement support for siblings of patients who die in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) given the adverse effects of unprocessed grief and the paucity of information on children whose newborn siblings die
Study Design This was an anonymous online original survey assessing pre-COVID-19 pandemic bereavement services for NICU families, clinicians' attitudes toward support interventions, challenges, and center characteristics. In spring 2020, nurse managers at 81 U.S. centers with neonatology and maternal–fetal medicine fellowship programs were asked to identify the individual most knowledgeable in their NICU's bereavement support services; these individuals were invited by email to complete an original online survey. Chi testing and odds ratios (ORs) compared responses from centers reporting involvement of palliative care teams (PCT) in NICU sibling bereavement versus no PCT.
Results Fifty-six percent (45 of 80) of invitees responded. Most (77%) NICUs permitted perimortem sibling visitation. Challenges included sparse community resources and limited direct sibling contact. Sixty-nine percent (n = 31) of centers were grouped as PCT. PCT respondents reported eightfold higher chances of providing direct education to the sibling (OR, 7.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.7–34; p = 0.01). Views on appropriateness of sharing educational information with extended family, babysitters, and teachers did not differ. While notifying pediatricians of families experiencing NICU death was more common in PCT (p = 0.02), most respondents reported having “no individual responsible for such communications" (52% PCT vs. 100%, p = 0.001).
Conclusion Despite limited direct contact with siblings of NICU patients who die, efforts are made to involve them in bereavement activities. Opportunities to support these children were identified. Where available, palliative care teams can help provide bereaved siblings with direct education. We recommend formalizing communication mechanisms to ensure that if a NICU patient dies and has surviving siblings, the outpatient physicians caring for these siblings are informed.
Key Points
Temporal and chirp effects of laser pulses on the spectral line shape in sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Hui , Hu Xiao-Hua , Wang Hong-Fei 
Published: May 2022

Assignment and interpretation of the sum-frequency generation vibrational spectra (SFG-VS) depend on the ability to measure and understand the factors affecting the SFG-VS spectral line shape accurately and reliably. In the past, the formulation of the polarization selection rules for SFG-VS and the development of the sub-wavenumber high-resolution broadband SFG-VS (HR-BB-SFG-VS) have provided solutions for many of these needs. However, despite these advantages, HR-BB-SFG-VS have not been widely adopted. The majority of SFG measurements so far still relies on the picosecond (ps) scanning SFG-VS or the conventional broadband SFG-VS (BB-SFG-VS) with the spectral resolution around (mostly above) 10 cm−1, which also results in less ideal spectral line shape in the SFG spectra due to the temporal and chirp effects of the laser pulses used in experiment. In this study, the temporal and the chirp effects of laser pulses with different profiles in the SFG experiment on the measured SFG-VS spectral line shape are examined through spectral simulation. In addition, the experimental data of a classical model system, i.e., octadecyltrichlorosilane monolayer on glass, obtained from the ps scanning SFG-VS, the BB-SFG-VS, and the HR-BB-SFG-VS measurements are directly compared and examined. These results show that temporal and chirp effects are often significant in the conventional BB-SFG-VS, resulting in line shape distortions and peak position shifts besides spectral broadening. Such temporal and chirp effects are less significant in the ps scanning SFG-VS. For the HR-BB-SFG-VS, spectral broadening and temporal and chirp effects are insignificant, making HR-BB-SFG-VS the choice for accurate and reliable measurement and analysis of SFG-VS.
Assessing the role of multiple mechanisms increasing the age of dengue cases in Thailand
Authors: Huang Angkana T. , Takahashi Saki , Salje Henrik , Wang Lin , Garcia-Carreras Bernardo , Anderson Kathryn , Endy Timothy , Thomas Stephen , Rothman Alan L. , Klungthong Chonticha , Jones Anthony R. , Fernandez Stefan , Iamsirithaworn Sopon , Doung-Ngern Pawinee , Rodriguez-Barraquer Isabel , Cummings Derek A. T. 
Published: May 2022

Significance
The age of reported dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) cases, the severe form of dengue infections, has been increasing in Thailand for four decades. Factors underlying this shift remain poorly understood, challenging public health planning. Here, we found aging of the population and its effect on the hazard of transmission to be the dominant contributors, with temporal changes in surveillance practices playing a lesser role. With ongoing population aging, we expect a continuing shift of DHF toward older individuals, heightening the chance of clinical complications with comorbidities. With most other highly endemic countries facing similar shifts in age structure, the pattern is expected to appear elsewhere. Awareness is needed to improve diagnosis and treatment.
Plant ESCRT protein ALIX coordinates with retromer complex in regulating receptor-mediated sorting of soluble vacuolar proteins
Authors: Hu Shuai , Li Baiying , Wu Fan , Zhu Dongmei , Zouhar Jan , Gao Caiji , Shimada Tomoo , Rojo Enrique , Hara-Nishimura Ikuko , Jiang Liwen , Shen Jinbo 
Published: May 2022

SignificanceThe endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery in multicellular organisms plays canonical functions in multivesicular body (MVB) biogenesis and membrane protein sorting. Nonetheless, its critical role in the sorting of soluble vacuolar proteins and its interplay with endosomal recycling machinery have yet to be reported. In this study, we demonstrate thatArabidopsisESCRT-associated ALIXinteracts with the retromer core subunitsto regulate their recruitment onto endosome membrane for recycling of vacuolar sorting receptors (VSRs) for efficient sorting of soluble vacuolar proteins. This work provides molecular insights into the unique properties of ALIX in regulating vacuolar transport of soluble proteins, thus shedding new light on the crosstalk and coordination between the vacuolar trafficking and endosomal recycling pathways in plants.
Constructing nickel–iron oxyhydroxides integrated with iron oxides by microorganism corrosion for oxygen evolution
Authors: Yang Huan , Dong Chungli , Wang Hongming , Qi Ruijuan , Gong Lanqian , Lu Yingrui , He Chaohui , Chen Shenghua , You Bo , Liu Hongfang , Yao Junlong , Jiang Xueliang , Guo Xingpeng , Xia Bao Yu 
Published: May 2022

Significance
Oxygen evolution reaction plays a striking role in renewable energy storage and conversion technologies. However, efficient electrocatalysts are necessary to promote this kinetically sluggish reaction. These reported down–top preparation methods of highly efficient transition metal hydroxides usually need delicate control in complex environments, limiting their large-scale application. An iron-oxidizing bacteria corrosion approach is developed to construct iron oxides top–down from iron-oxidizing bacteria corrosion integrated with nickel–iron oxyhydroxides to boost oxygen evolution. This study demonstrates a natural bacterial corrosion strategy to prepare highly efficient electrodes top–down for efficient water oxidation, which may stimulate broad interest in multidisciplinary integration of innovative nanomaterials and emerging technologies.
Thermally induced refractive index fluctuations in transmissive optical components and their influence on the sensitivity of Einstein telescope
Authors: Meyer Jan , Dickmann Walter , Kroker Stefanie , Gaedtke Mika , Dickmann Johannes 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
With a relative length measurement precision of better than 10−23, gravitational wave interferometers are the most precise instruments that have ever been built. With this enormous sensitivity many noise sources potentially effect gravitational wave detector sensitivity, each of which must be investigated to ensure confidence in design sensitivity. We present calculations of photoelastic noise as well as thermo refractive noise in the beam splitter and the input test masses in Einstein telescope (ET). It turns out that the amplitude of the photoelastic noise in the ET low-frequency detector is about five orders of magnitude below the maximum design sensitivity and five orders of magnitude below that of the ET high-frequency detector, whereas thermo refractive noise impairs the design sensitivity by approximately 20%.
Strain-tunable self-passivated porous phosphorene for high-efficiency helium separation
Authors: Lei Huixia , Li Yixiang , Yang Yanmei , Li Yong-Qiang , Zhao Mingwen , Li Weifeng , Qu Yuanyuan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The skyrocketing demand for helium (He) has stressed the limitation of the global He storge. The helium-rich natural gas represents the most accessible resource of He, thus the development of effective ways to extract He from natural gas is of high priority on the research agenda. The membrane-based separation technique is regarded as a promising method for efficient He purification that might possibly mitigate the current He shortage. In this work, by employing first-principles calculations together with molecular dynamics simulations, we predicted that both the strained and unstrained self-passivated porous phosphorene membrane can be used for efficient He harvest from natural gas. The results demonstrate that the porous phosphorene exhibits high He selectivities (104–1018) over impure molecules (CO, N2, CO2, CH4) and high He permeance of 10−3 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1 at 300 K, both far exceeding the industry standard. More importantly, the He permeance of the porous phosphorene can be effectively regulated under moderate strain along with high selectivity. Therefore, the porous phosphorene presented in this study is a robust and mechanically-controlled semipermeable membrane for efficient He purification that holds a great prospect in industrial application.
Colorimetric paper test strips based on cesium lead bromide perovskite nanocrystals for rapid detection of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride
Authors: Shi Xiaoqing , Kralj Marko , Zhang Yang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The detection of drugs containing hydrochloric salt with conventional methods is time consuming and expensive. In this work, upon exposure to ciprofloxacin hydrochloride at different concentrations, the emission from CsPbBr3 NCs shifts to the blue from 513 nm to 442 nm. CsPbBr(3−x)Cl
x
NCs are formed by the ion exchange and substitution of Br− and Cl− ions from surface to core of NCs. The first-principles calculations suggest that the substitution of Br− by Cl− ions plays a critical role in the tuning of the energy bandgap. The color of paper test strips changes immediately after exposure to different Ciproxan solutions. We propose that this rapid and portable method has a high potential application in other chloride salts for food safety.
Microcavitation dynamics in viscoelastic tissue during histotripsy process
Authors: Abu-Nab Ahmed K , Mohamed Khaled G , Abu-Bakr Ali F 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Monitoring bubble cavitations and bubble dynamics are essential in enhancing non-invasive ultrasonic ablation methods like histotripsy that mechanically fractionates tissue into acellular debris using microcavitation. Histotripsy can totally fractionate tissue into a liquid-appearing homogenate with no cellular features with enough pulses. In this paper, we present the analysis of the dynamics of cavitation bubbles in a viscoelastic medium subjected to a histotripsy pulse using different fidelities in depicting compressibility and viscoelasticity effects. The mathematical formulation is described based on the Keller–Miksis equation in two models for cavitation bubbles in viscoelastic tissue through histotripsy process; the first model is in neo-Hookean, and the second is in quadratic law Kelvin–Voigt model. The governing model is solved analytically based on the modified Plesset–Zwick method. Analysis of the results reveals that the parameters of Young modulus, viscosity effects and stiffening parameter reduce the growth of cavitation microbubbles through the histotripsy process. The cavitation bubble growth increases when the gel concentration decreases during the histotripsy process.
Mesenchymal stromal cells in the regeneration of radiation-induced organ sequelae: will they make the difference?
Authors: Benderitter M , Herrera-Reyes E , Tamarat R 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a stem cell product with good safety that demonstrate significant clinical efficacy in the treatment of different pathologies, including radiation diseases (e.g. radiological burns, pelvic radiation disease). While the first results for some first human applications for the treatment of radiation disease suggest benefit, larger trials with clinically important endpoints are needed before definitive conclusions can be drawn. However, the supply and cost of MSCs remain the two main limitations for this innovative therapeutic product. Exosomes (EXOs), a stem cell product associated with MSC therapy, have shown promising efficacy and safety in humans. MSC-EXO therapeutics represent a promising next-generation approach for treating radiation diseases involving a primary (major) inflammatory component. Provided that conditions for MSC-EXO production and bio-banking are agreed in the near future, the transition to industrial production of MSC-EXOs will be possible, and this is required to initiate well-controlled clinical trials for approval by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Enhanced voltage response in TiO2 nanoparticle-embedded piezoelectric nanogenerator
Authors: Bhatta Sheetal , Mitra Rahul , Ramadoss Ananthakumar , Manju Unnikrishnan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and its copolymers have piqued a substantial amount of research interest for its use in modern flexible electronics. The piezoelectric β-phase of the polymers can be augmented with the addition of suitable fillers that promote β-phase nucleation. In this work, we report an improved output voltage response of poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) with the incorporation of 10 wt.% Titanium (IV) oxide nanoparticles into the polymer matrix. The nano-filler was dispersed in the polymer matrix to form nanocomposite films via the solution casting technique. X-ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy measurements were performed to verify the structure and morphology of the films. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy revealed enhancement in the β-phase nucleation from ∼15% to ∼36% with the addition of 10 wt.% titania nanoparticles. Thermogravimetric analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry results show improved thermal stability of the nanocomposite film, up to 345 °C, as compared to pristine PVDF-HFP. We also demonstrate a facile method for the fabrication of a piezoelectric nanogenerator with β-PVDF-HFP/TiO2 nanocomposite as an active layer. The outputs from the fabricated nanogenerator reached up to 8.89 V through human finger tapping motions, paving way for its potential use in the field of sensors, actuators, and self-sustaining flexible devices.
Experiments for students with built-in theory: ‘PUMA: Spannungslabor’ – an augmented reality app for studying electricity
Authors: Stolzenberger Christoph , Frank Florian , Trefzger Thomas 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
With the help of augmented reality apps objects and text can be added virtually to the physical world (e.g. physical experiments) in real time. The augmented reality (AR) app ‘PUMA: Spannungslabor’ enhances simple electric circuits experiments for students with virtual representations based on the electron gas analogy including visualisations of interior processes in various components such as lamps and resistors. This opens up new possibilities for connecting theory and experiment in secondary school physics teaching. While using the AR app students are enabled to acquire qualitative and semi-quantitative knowledge about the basic concepts of current, voltage, potential, and resistance as well as the laws of series and parallel circuits easier and more directly. This holistic approach of learning through experiments can facilitate a deeper and more interconnected understanding of the topics covered in physics lessons.
Accelerated Gaussian quantum state transfer between two remote mechanical resonators
Authors: Rezaei M , Javidan K , Abdi M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The main challenge in deterministic quantum state transfer (QST) between remote mechanical resonators is the local decoherence and the transmission losses in the communication channel. In the path of overcoming this limitation, here we employ a shortcut to adiabatic passage protocol to devise a fast and reliable evolution path between two remote mechanical modes in separate optomechanical systems (OMSs). A QST between the two nodes is conceived by engineering their coupling to an intermediate fiber optical channel. The coupling pulses are operated such that the dark eigenmode of the system is decoupled from the fiber modes and transitions to the bright modes are compensated for by counterdiabatic drives. We show that one obtains a QST with high fidelity for various Gaussian states. The efficiency is compared to that of adiabatic passage (AP) protocol in the presence of losses and noises. Our results show that while the AP protocol is very sensitive to the decoherence, the shortcut to adiabaticity provides a robust and fast QST even for small values of the coupling strength. The performance of both protocols are also investigated for the case of multimode fiber through numerical and an effective single-model model which is found by the elimination of off-resonant fiber modes. Our findings may pave the way for using OMSs in the realization of continuous-variable Gaussian QST.
Color-kinematics duality for Sudakov form factor in non-supersymmetric pure Yang–Mills theory
Authors: Li Zeyu , Yang Gang , Zhang Jinxuan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe study the duality between color and kinematics for the Sudakov form factors oftr(F2)in non-supersymmetric pure Yang-Mills theory. We construct the integrands that manifest the color-kinematics duality up to two loops. The resulting numerators are given in terms of Lorentz products of momenta and polarization vectors, which have the same powers of loop momenta as that from the Feynman rules. The integrands are checked byd-dimensional unitarity cuts and are valid in any dimension. We find that massless-bubble and tadpole topologies are needed at two loops to realize the color-kinematics duality. Interestingly, the two-loop solution contains a large number of free parameters suggesting the duality may hold at higher loop orders.