bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Additive effects of warming and grazing on fine-root decomposition and loss of nutrients in an alpine meadow
Authors: Zhou Yang , Lv Wang-Wang , Wang Shi-Ping , Zhang Li-Rong , Sun Jian-Ping , Jiang Li-Li , Liu Pei-Pei , Wang Qi , Li Bo-Wen , Wang A , Hong Huan , Zhang Su-Ren , Xia Lu , Ji Nan , Xie Zheng-Xin , Luo Cai-Yun , Zhang Zhen-Hua , Wang Chang-Hui , Wang Jin-Zhi , Yang Ci , Dorji Tsechoe 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFine-root decomposition is a critical process regulating ecosystem carbon cycles and affecting nutrient cycling and soil fertility. However, whether interaction between warming and grazing affects fine-root decomposition is still under-researched in natural grasslands. A two-factorial experiment with asymmetric warming (i.e. daytime vs. nighttime and growing season vs. nongrowing season) and moderate grazing (i.e. about average 50% forage utilization rate) was conducted to explore whether warming and grazing affect fine-root decomposition and loss of nutrients during a 2-year decomposition period in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau. Both warming and grazing facilitated carbon cycling through increase in fine-root decomposition, and influenced element cycling which varies among elements. The effects of warming and grazing on fine-root decomposition and loss of nutrients were additive. Both warming and grazing significantly increased cumulative percentage mass loss and total organic carbon loss of fine roots during the 2-year experiment. Only warming with grazing treatment reduced percentage nitrogen loss, whereas warming, regardless of grazing, decreased percentage phosphorus loss. Warming and grazing alone increased percentage loss of potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium compared with control. There were no interactions between warming and grazing on fine-root decomposition and loss of nutrients. There was greater temperature sensitivity of decreased phosphorus loss than that of decreased nitrogen loss. Different temperature sensitivities of percentage loss of nutrients from fine-root decomposition would alter ratios of the available nutrients in soils, and may further affect ecosystem structure and functions in future warming.
Food, Care, and Carceral Power: The Politics of Commensality in Australian Immigration Detention
Authors: Peterie Michelle 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Carceral institutions are not only places of oppression and domination but also sites of negotiation, compromise, and resistance. Everyday practices like eating are part of this picture. Institutional power extends to and manifests in the food that prisoners eat. Equally, meals can be a locus of everyday resistance, where prisoners assert autonomy and symbolically circumvent the institution’s control over their bodies. Drawing on more than 70 interviews with visitors to Australian immigration detention facilities, this article adds to this discussion of prison fare by exploring how visitor–detainee commensality shapes institutional dynamics of power and resistance. It shows that visitor–detainee meals have the potential to disrupt the carceral machine by affording detainees access to psychological nourishment and escape. Equally, it argues that the realization of this potential depends on detainees and their visitors building relationships that challenge, rather than reproduce, orthodox hierarchies between ‘hosts’ and ‘guests’, caregivers and care receivers.
John Day’s Production of Woodcut Prints from John Foxe’s Acts and Monuments
Authors: Rankin Mark 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Scholars have long suspected the existence of John Day’s independent commercial trade in woodcut prints from the illustrations of Foxe’s Acts and Monuments. This essay supplies bibliographical evidence in support of this hypothesis. The evidence consists of changes in typesetting found within the textblocks and captions used to identify the images, as well as deterioration patterns discernable within Foxe woodcuts used from the first (1563) to seventh (1631–32) editions of Acts and Monuments. By examining surviving examples of prints which Day included within successive editions, the analysis reveals that some prints are almost certainly not original to Day’s manufacture of the books which now preserve them, or to any other known early edition. Instead, some copies of these prints appear to have been inserted within books at the time of manufacture, most likely by Day, who drew upon a pre-existing stock of prints which he had independently manufactured.
Two Tales of Piracy
Authors: Blayney Peter W M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
While book-piracy is often thought of as an Elizabethan problem, the organized infringement of lucrative copyrights in fact began a few decades earlier, in the reign of Mary Tudor. In this paper the known details are presented of what are probably the two best documented cases from that reign. The first was the repeated commissioning and importation of editions of Lily’s Grammar from Geneva (some of them falsely dated). The second was the reprinting of a collection of sermons whose authorized printer had secured a patent to protect it. In the first case the patentee’s attempts to obtain satisfaction in Chancery were unsuccessful; in the second the author’s interests fared rather better in Star Chamber, and may thus have established a precedent for the prosecution of Elizabethan pirates.
The Milne problem with chaotic magnetic field
Authors: Silant’ev N A , Alekseeva G A , Ananjevskaja Yu K 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
We consider the semi-infinite plane-parallel electron atmosphere with chaotic magnetic field B′ ≤ 1010 G, when the parameter $x^{\prime 2}=(\omega _{B^{\prime }}/\omega)^2 \simeq 0.87 \times 10^{-16}\lambda ^2(\mu \mathrm{ m}) B^{\prime 2}(G)$ can be both ≪1 and ≫1. Regular magnetic field $\boldsymbol{B}_0$ is absent. All magnetic fluctuations are assumed as Gaussian type and isotropic. The isotropic magnetic fluctuations $\boldsymbol{B}^{\prime }$ give rise to the same extinction for all Stokes parameters and the additional extinction factor h for parameters Q and U, which arises due to chaotic Faraday rotations. We consider the Milne problem, which is described by the system of transfer equations for intensity I and parameter Q. It is shown that the phase matrix depends on parameter G(B′), which is equal to 3 for x′2 ≪ 1 and to 27 for x′2 ≫ 1. The calculations demonstrate that the polarization of outgoing radiation strongly depends on parameter h and degree of absorption ε.
A NEW METHOD FOR ESTIMATING INCREASE IN RADIATION DOSE ASSOCIATED WITH IODINATED CONTRAST USE
Authors: Wang Qiang , Fu Qiang , Pang Cong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This work investigates the impact of iodinated contrast medium (ICM) on radiation dose in computed tomography (CT) scans using linear models established through a phantom study. Thermoluminescence dosemeters (TLDs) were calibrated using semi-conductor X-ray dosemeters. An electron density phantom, with a vial containing TLDs and different concentrations of iodinated blood, were scanned at different tube voltages. Irradiated TLD outputs were measured and absorbed dose to iodinated blood calculated. CT numbers (tissue attenuation as measured by Hounsfield units) were plotted against absorbed doses to obtain linear models. Data from 49 real patient scans were used to validate the linear models. At each X-ray energy, CT numbers were linearly correlated with the absorbed doses, that is with the increase of blood iodine concentration, the CT number increased and the absorbed dose increased accordingly. ICM can cause an increase of organ dose; the average dose increases were 31.8 ± 8.9% for thyroid, 37.1 ± 9.2% for cardiac muscle, 77.7 ± 14.0% for cardiac chamber, 7.1 ± 2.3% for breast, 26.1 ± 7.3% for liver, 39.8 ± 11.8% for spleen, 96.3 ± 12.2% for renal cortex and 82.4 ± 11.6% for medulla nephrica. ICM used in enhanced CT scan resulted in increased organ doses. Our models for estimating organ dose based on CT number were established by experiment and verified in clinical use.
Estimating circadian phase in elementary school children: leveraging advances in physiologically informed models of circadian entrainment and wearable devices
Authors: Moreno Jennette P , Hannay Kevin M , Walch Olivia , Dadabhoy Hafza , Christian Jessica , Puyau Maurice , El-Mubasher Abeer , Bacha Fida , Grant Sarah R , Park Rebekah Julie , Cheng Philip 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStudy ObjectivesExamine the ability of a physiologically based mathematical model of human circadian rhythms to predict circadian phase, as measured by salivary dim light melatonin onset (DLMO), in children compared to other proxy measurements of circadian phase (bedtime, sleep midpoint, and wake time).MethodsAs part of an ongoing clinical trial, a sample of 29 elementary school children (mean age: 7.4 ± .97 years) completed 7 days of wrist actigraphy before a lab visit to assess DLMO. Hourly salivary melatonin samples were collected under dim light conditions (&lt;5 lx). Data from actigraphy were used to generate predictions of circadian phase using both a physiologically based circadian limit cycle oscillator mathematical model (Hannay model), and published regression equations that utilize average sleep onset, midpoint, and offset to predict DLMO. Agreement of proxy predictions with measured DLMO were assessed and compared.ResultsDLMO predictions using the Hannay model outperformed DLMO predictions based on children’s sleep/wake parameters with a Lin’s Concordance Correlation Coefficient (LinCCC) of 0.79 compared to 0.41–0.59 for sleep/wake parameters. The mean absolute error was 31 min for the Hannay model compared to 35–38 min for the sleep/wake variables.ConclusionOur findings suggest that sleep/wake behaviors were weak proxies of DLMO phase in children, but mathematical models using data collected from wearable data can be used to improve the accuracy of those predictions. Additional research is needed to better adapt these adult models for use in children.Clinical TrialThe i Heart Rhythm Project: Healthy Sleep and Behavioral Rhythms for Obesity Prevention https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04445740.
Intradiscal Injection of Autologous Discogenic Cells in Patients with Discectomy: A Prospective Clinical Study of Its Safety and Feasibility
Authors: Xuan Anwu , Ruan Dike , Wang Chaofeng , He Qing , Wang Deli , Hou Lisheng , Zhang Chao , Li Chao , Ji Wei , Wen Tianyong , Xu Cheng , Zhu Zhenbiao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is still a huge challenge for clinical updated surgical techniques and basic strategies of intervertebral disc regeneration. Few studies have ever tried to combine surgery and cell therapy to bridge the gap between clinical and basic research. A prospective clinical study with a 72-month follow-up was conducted to assess the safety and feasibility of autologous discogenic cells transplantation combined with discectomy in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and to evaluate the regenerative ability of discogenic cells in IVDD. Forty patients with LDH who were scheduled to have discectomy enrolled in our study and were divided into the observed group (transplantation of autologous discogenic cells after discectomy) and control group (only-discectomy). Serial MRI and X-ray were used to evaluate the degenerative extent of index discs, and clinical scores were used to determine the symptomatic improvement. No adverse events were observed in the observed group, and seven patients in the control group underwent revisions. Both groups had significant improvement of all functional scores post-operatively, with the observed group improving more considerably at 36-month and 72-month follow-up. The height and water content of discs in both groups decreased significantly since 36 months post-op with the control group decreased more obviously. Discectomy combined with autologous discogenic cells transplantation is safe and feasible in the treatment of LDH. Radiological analysis demonstrated that discogenic cells transplantation could slow down the further degeneration of index discs and decrease the complications of discectomy.
Rethinking an Icon of Sixties Britain: The Mini and Its Place in the Post-War Motor Revolution
Authors: Harris Jacob 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Mini was launched in 1959 during Britain’s motor revolution. This iconic car has long been analogized with the popular iconography of the Sixties, but I argue here that this association only scratches the surface of its more complex meanings. Rather, the Mini embodied the tension arising from a motor revolution that was transformative yet limited. By looking at how the Mini was marketed, perceived, and used (and by whom), I suggest that it was a conduit through which Englishness and national decline were mediated against the backdrop of mass motorization. It also reflected the motor-car’s growing importance as a public and private space. I draw on a number of historical sources to make this argument, including automotive advertising, a source that is currently underutilized by historians. In doing so, I seek to overcome the normative tendency in academic history to overlook the car’s cultural significance.
Crown-Rump Length Measurement Error: Impact on Assessment of Growth
Authors: Gadsbøll K. , Wright A. , Kristensen S. E. , Verfaille V. , Nicolaides K. H. , Wright D. , Petersen O. B. 
Published: March 2022

(Abstracted from Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2021;58:354–359)
Calculating gestational age is important in all aspects of obstetric care. Gestational age is usually calculated from the fetal crown-rump length (CRL) measurement, which is assessed during the first-trimester ultrasound scan.
Should Vanishing Twin Pregnancies Be Systematically Excluded From Cell-Free Fetal DNA Testing?
Authors: Balaguer Nuria , Mateu-Brull Emilia , Serra Vicente , Simón Carlos , Milán Miguel 
Published: March 2022

(Abstracted from Prenat Diagn 2021;41:1241–1248)
The goal of this study was to gain a better understanding of the impact of vanishing twins (VTs) on the incidence of discrepant cfDNA testing results. To do so, the researchers analyzed a series of cases of patients with VT to determine the extent to which this compromised cfDNA testing results.
Feasibility and Acceptability of a Toolkit-Based Process to Implement Patient-Centered, Immediate Postpartum Long-Acting Reversible Contraception Services
Authors: Moniz Michelle H. , Dalton Vanessa K. , Smith Roger D. , Owens Lauren E. , Landis-Lewis Zach , Peahl Alex F. , Van Kainen Barbara , Punch Margaret R. , Wetmore Marisa K. , Bonawitz Kirsten , Kolenic Giselle E. , Dehlendorf Christine , Heisler Michele 
Published: March 2022

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021; doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.10.009)
It has been recommended in national guidelines that maternity systems provide patient-centered access to immediate postpartum long-acting reversible contraception (LARC). Significant barriers exist for hospitals offering these services.
HIV Exposure Prophylaxis Delivery in a Low-barrier Substance Use Disorder Bridge Clinic during a Local HIV Outbreak at the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Braun Hannan M. , Walter Chelsea , Farrell Natalija , Biello Katie B. , Taylor Jessica L. 
Published: March 2022

Objectives
People who inject drugs (PWID) may experience high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk and inadequate access to biomedical HIV prevention. Emerging data support integrating HIV post-exposure and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PEP, PrEP) into services already accessed by PWID. We describe PEP/PrEP eligibility and receipt in a low-barrier substance use disorder bridge clinic located in an area experiencing an HIV outbreak among PWID at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Retrospective chart review of new patients at a substance use disorder bridge clinic in Boston, MA (January 15, 2020–May 15, 2020) to determine rates of PEP/PrEP eligibility and prescribing.

Results
Among 204 unique HIV-negative patients, 85.7% were assessed for injection-related and 23.0% for sexual HIV risk behaviors. Overall, 55/204 (27.0%) met CDC criteria for HIV exposure prophylaxis, including 7/204 (3.4%) for PEP and 48/204 (23.5%) for PrEP. Four of 7 PEP-eligible patients were offered PEP and all 4 were prescribed PEP. Thirty-two of 48 PrEP eligible patients were offered PrEP, and 7/48 (14.6%) were prescribed PrEP. Additionally, 6 PWID were offered PrEP who lacked formal CDC criteria.

Conclusions
Bridge clinics patients have high rates of PEP/PrEP eligibility. The majority of patients with identified eligibility were offered PEP/PrEP, suggesting that upstream interventions that increase HIV risk assessment may support programs in initiating PEP/PrEP care. Additional work is needed to understand why patients declined PEP/PrEP. PrEP offers to PWID who did not meet CDC criteria also suggested provider concern regarding the sensitivity of CDC criteria among PWID. Overall, bridge clinics offer a potential opportunity to increase biomedical HIV prevention service delivery.
Low-Dose Aspirin for Preventing Birth of a Small-For-Gestational Age Neonate in a Subsequent Pregnancy
Authors: Hastie Roxanne , Tong Stephen , Wikström Anna-Karin , Walker Susan P. , Lindquist Anthea , Cluver Catherine A. , Kupka Ellen , Bergman Lina , Hesselman Susanne 
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE:
To estimate whether low-dose aspirin use is associated with an altered risk of delivering a small-for-gestational age (SGA) neonate among women with a history of having an SGA neonate in a prior pregnancy.

METHODS:
We performed a Swedish register-based cohort study including women in their second pregnancy who had a history of having an SGA neonate (birth weight less than the 10th percentile). The association between use of low-dose aspirin in subsequent pregnancy and birth of an SGA neonate or a severely SGA neonate (birth weight less than the third percentile) were estimated using inverse propensity-weighted estimation, accounting for potential confounders.

RESULTS:
Among 8,416 women who gave birth to an SGA neonate in their first pregnancy, 801 (9.5%) used low-dose aspirin during their second pregnancy. The incidence of SGA neonates was similar among women using low-dose aspirin (21.7%) and those who did not use aspirin (20.7%). Low-dose aspirin use in pregnancy was not associated with an altered risk of having an SGA neonate (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 0.86, 95% CI 0.67–1.10) or a severely SGA neonate (aRR 0.98, 95% CI 0.71–1.34). Given the strong association between preeclampsia and SGA, we performed subgroup analyses based on preeclampsia status. Among women who had an SGA neonate and co-existing preeclampsia in their first pregnancy, low-dose aspirin was not associated with an altered risk of having an SGA (aRR 0.83, 95% CI 0.63–1.10) or severely SGA (aRR 1.02, 95% CI 0.73–1.44) neonate. Additionally, no association was seen among women who developed preeclampsia in their second pregnancy.

CONCLUSION:
Among women with a history of having an SGA neonate, low-dose aspirin was not associated with a decreased risk of having an SGA or severely SGA neonate in subsequent pregnancy. These findings suggest that low-dose aspirin should not be used to prevent recurrent SGA.
Effect of Topiramate on Serum Etonogestrel Concentrations Among Contraceptive Implant Users
Authors: Lazorwitz Aaron , Pena Morgan , Sheeder Jeanelle , Teal Stephanie 
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate topiramate and etonogestrel pharmacokinetic interactions in contraceptive implant users.

METHODS:
We conducted a prospective, noninferiority study with healthy women using etonogestrel implants continuously for 12–36 months. We measured baseline serum etonogestrel concentrations and then began a 6-week titrated topiramate regimen to standard migraine (100 mg/day) and epilepsy (400 mg/day) dosages. We repeated serum etonogestrel concentrations at 3 weeks (100 mg/day), 4 weeks (200 mg/day), and 6 weeks (400 mg/day) of topiramate therapy. We measured etonogestrel using a validated liquid chromatography-tandem, mass-spectrometry assay and tested for noninferiority (less than 30% decrease) in serum etonogestrel concentrations from baseline.

RESULTS:
We enrolled 48 total participants; 32 completed 3 weeks, 31 completed 4 weeks, and 27 completed all follow-up visits. Participants' median age was 25.3 years (range 18.3–37.2), median body mass index (BMI) was 25.5 kg/m2 (range 18.7–42.2), and median duration of implant use was 24 months (range 12–36). Median etonogestrel concentrations were 142 pg/mL (range 76.2–771) at baseline, 126 pg/mL (range 72.4–585) at 3 weeks, 119 pg/mL (range 65.6–542) at 4 weeks, and 105 pg/mL (46.2–859) at 6 weeks. The 95% CIs for mean percent change in serum etonogestrel concentrations from baseline were [−37.3%+16.9%], [−45.4%+5.2%], and [−66.8%+24.8%] at 3 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks, respectively. Excluding one participant who had a serum etonogestrel concentration less than 90 pg/mL at baseline, 30.8% of participants (8/26, 95% CI 14.3–51.8%) had a serum etonogestrel concentration less than 90 pg/mL at 6 weeks.

CONCLUSION:
Though only a mild enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drug, concomitant topiramate use led to inferior serum etonogestrel concentrations among implant users, with a significant proportion reaching etonogestrel concentrations below the threshold for ovulatory suppression when taking antiepileptic dosages of topiramate.

FUNDING SOURCE:
This study was primarily funded through an Investigator-Initiated Study grant from Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp [MISP#57073]. This work was also supported by NIH/NCATS CTSA Grant Number UL1 TR001082 and NICHD K12 Women's Reproductive Health Research Scholar Program (grant number 5K12HD001271-18).

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03335163.
Talocalcaneal Tarsal Coalition Size: Evaluation and Reproducibility of MRI Measurements
Authors: Ellsworth Bridget K. , Kehoe Clare , DeFrancesco Christopher J. , Bogner Eric , Mintz Douglas N. , Scher David M. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
The size of talocalcaneal tarsal coalitions (TCCs) is one of the main factors that is thought to influence patient outcomes after resection. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly being used to diagnose and characterize TCCs. However, there is no reproducible MRI-based measurement of TCC size reported in the literature. The purpose of this study was to create a method to reproducibly measure TCC size using MRI.

Methods:
Twenty-seven patients with TCCs diagnosed by a hindfoot coronal proton density (PD) MRI between 2017 and 2020 were included. Five independent raters measured coalition width, healthy posterior facet width, and healthy middle facet width on individual slices of coronal PD hindfoot MRIs using discrete MRI measurement guidelines. Individual slice measurements were summed to determine total size of the coalition and the remaining healthy cartilage of the posterior and middle facets. Inter-rater reliability of MRI measurements between the 5 independent examiners was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). ICC was calculated for total coalition width, total healthy posterior facet width, total coalition width/total healthy posterior facet width, total coalition width/total healthy middle facet width, total coalition width/total healthy subtalar facet width (posterior facet+middle facet), and total coalition width/total subtalar facet width (coalition+posterior facet+middle facet).

Results:
The ICC scores for all but one of the MRI measurements indicated good to excellent inter-rater reliability among the 5 examiners. The ICC was 0.932 (95% confidence interval: 0.881-0.966) for measurement of total coalition width/total healthy posterior facet width and 0.948 (95% confidence interval: 0.908-0.973) for measurement of total coalition width/total subtalar facet width (middle+posterior+coalition).

Conclusions:
Measurements of coalition size using novel MRI guidelines were reproducible with good to excellent inter-rater reliability. These guidelines allow for determination of TCC size using coronal PD MRI.

Level of Evidence:
Level II—diagnostic reproducibility study.