bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative risk score to predict subtotal cholecystectomy after gallbladder drainage for acute cholecystitis: Secondary analysis of data from a multi‐institutional retrospective study (CSGO‐HBP‐017B)
Authors: Tomihara Hideo , Tomimaru Yoshito , Hashimoto Kazuhiko , Fukuchi Nariaki , Yokoyama Shigekazu , Mori Takuji , Tanemura Masahiro , Sakai Kenji , Takeda Yutaka , Tsujie Masanori , Yamada Terumasa , Miyamoto Atsushi , Hashimoto Yasuji , Hatano Hisanori , Shimizu Junzo , Sugimoto Keishi , Kashiwazaki Masaki , Matsumoto Kenichi , Kobayashi Shogo , Doki Yuichiro , Eguchi Hidetoshi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionSubtotal cholecystectomy (STC) has become recognized as a “bailout procedure” to prevent bile duct injury in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Predictors of conversion to STC have not been identified because LC difficulty varies based on pericholecystic inflammation. We analyzed data from patients enrolled in a previously performed multi‐institutional retrospective study of the optimal timing of LC after gallbladder drainage for acute cholecystitis (AC). These patients presumably had a considerable degree of pericholecystic inflammation.MethodsIn total, 347 patients who underwent LC after gallbladder drainage for AC were analyzed to examine preoperative and perioperative factors predicting conversion to STC.ResultsThree hundred patients underwent total cholecystectomy (TC) and 47 underwent conversion to STC. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) (P < .01), severity of cholecystitis (P = .04), previous history of treatment for common bile duct stones (CBDS) (P < .01), and surgeon experience (P = .03) were significantly associated with conversion to STC. Logistic regression analyses showed that ECOG PS (odds ratio 0.2; P < .0001) and previous history of treatment for CBDS (odds ratio 0.37; P = .0073) were independent predictors of conversion to STC. Our predictive risk score using these two variables suggested that a score ≥2 could discriminate between TC and STC (P < .0001).ConclusionPoor ECOG PS and previous history of treatment for CBDS were significantly associated with conversion to STC after gallbladder drainage for AC.
5‐α reductase inhibitors and the risk of anaemia among men with benign prostatic hyperplasia: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Ayele Henok Tadesse , Douros Antonios , Filion Kristian B. 
Published: March 2022

5‐α reductase inhibitors (5αRIs) are effective for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, 5αRIs could lower levels of haemoglobin, increasing the risk of anaemia. The objective of this study was to compare the rate of anaemia between new users of 5αRIs and α‐blockers in the UK.MethodsWe conducted a matched, active comparator, new‐user cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. The study population consisted of men aged ≥40 years with incident BPH who initiated 5αRIs between 1998 and 2019 and were matched 1:1 on propensity score to new users of α‐blockers. Anaemia was defined by a measured haemoglobin <130 g/L. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for anaemia.ResultsOur study cohort included 9429 new users of 5αRIs and 9429 matched new users of α‐blockers. Their median durations of follow‐up were 136 days (interquartile range: 54–336 d) and 77 days (interquartile range: 58–236 d), respectively. A total of 2865 5αRIs users and 2407 α‐blocker users developed incident anaemia, representing rates of 37.3 (95% CI: 33.6–41.3) and 42.0 (95% CI: 38.1–46.2) per 100 person‐years, respectively. The use of 5αRIs was not associated with an increased risk of anaemia compared to the use of α‐blockers (HR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.90–1.00). Similarly, we did not observe an increased risk of mild, moderate, or severe anaemia.ConclusionThe use of 5αRIs was not associated with an increased risk of anaemia compared to the use of α‐blockers among men with BPH.
Effect of mild or moderate hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of risdiplam
Authors: Kletzl Heidemarie , Ajmi Hassan , Antys Izabela , Heinig Katja , Jaber Birgit , Marbury Thomas C. , Young Annie , Günther Andreas 
Published: March 2022

AimThis phase I, multicentre, open‐label, nonrandomised, parallel‐group, two‐part study aimed to evaluate the effect of mild to moderate hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics (PK), safety and tolerability of a single oral dose of risdiplam.MethodsAdult subjects (aged 18‐70 years) with mild (Child‐Pugh Class A; Part 1) or moderate (Child‐Pugh Class B; Part 2) hepatic impairment were matched with subjects with normal hepatic function on sex, age, body mass index and smoking status. Each subject received a single oral dose of 5 mg of risdiplam. Plasma concentrations of risdiplam and its metabolite M1 were measured and PK parameters were compared. Adverse events, laboratory abnormalities, vital signs and electrocardiogram measurements were assessed.ResultsAfter a single dose (5 mg) of risdiplam, the risdiplam PK parameters area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from time zero to infinity and maximum observed plasma concentration were approximately 20% and 5% lower, respectively, in subjects with mild hepatic impairment and approximately 8% and 20% higher, respectively, in subjects with moderate hepatic impairment compared with subjects with normal hepatic function. These differences were not statistically significant; all 90% confidence intervals for geometric least squares‐means ratios spanned unity. No new risdiplam‐related safety findings were observed in subjects with mild or moderate hepatic impairment.ConclusionMild or moderate hepatic impairment did not have a clinically relevant impact on the PK of risdiplam. Therefore, no dose adjustment is required in patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment when receiving risdiplam.
Checkpoint CD47 expression in classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Gholiha Alex Reza , Hollander Peter , Löf Liza , Glimelius Ingrid , Hedstrom Gustaf , Molin Daniel , Hjalgrim Henrik , Smedby Karin E. , Hashemi Jamileh , Amini Rose‐Marie , Enblad Gunilla 
Published: March 2022

SummaryThe glycoprotein CD47 regulates antiphagocytic activity via signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPa). This study investigated CD47 expression on Hodgkin and Reed–Sternberg (HRS) cells in the classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) tumour microenvironment and its correlation with prognosis, programmed‐death (PD) immune markers, and SIRPa+ leukocytes. We conducted immunohistochemistry with CD47 and SIRPa antibodies on diagnostic biopsies (tissue microarrays) from cHL patients from two cohorts (n = 178). In cohort I (n = 136) patients with high expression of CD47 on HRS cells (n = 48) had a significantly inferior event‐free survival [hazard ratio (HR) = 5.57; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.78–11.20; p < 0.001] and overall survival (OS) (HR = 8.54; 95% CI, 3.19–22.90; p < 0.001) compared with patients with low expression (n = 88). The survival results remained statistically significant in multivariable Cox regression adjusted for known prognostic factors. In cohort II (n = 42) high HRS cell CD47 expression also carried shorter event‐free survival (EFS) (HR = 5.96; 95% CI, 1.20–29.59; p = 0.029) and OS (HR = 5.61; 95% CI, 0.58–54.15; p = 0.136), although it did not retain statistical significance in the multivariable analysis. Further, high CD47 expression did not correlate with SIRPa+ leukocytes or PD‐1, PD‐L1 and PD‐L2 expression. This study provides a deeper understanding of the role of CD47 in cHL during an era of emerging CD47 therapies.
Convolutional neural network‐aided tuber segmentation in tuberous sclerosis complex patients correlates with electroencephalogram
Authors: Park David K. , Kim Woojoong , Thornburg Olivia S. , McBrian Danielle K. , McKhann Guy M. , Feldstein Neil A. , Maddocks Alexis B. , Gonzalez Elena , Shen Min Y. , Akman Cigdem , Provenzano Frank A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveOne of the clinical hallmarks of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is radiologically identified cortical tubers, which are present in most patients. Intractable epilepsy may require surgery, often involving invasive diagnostic procedures such as intracranial electroencephalography (EEG). Identifying the location of the dominant tuber responsible for generating epileptic activities is a critical issue. However, the link between cortical tubers and epileptogenesis is poorly understood. Given this, we hypothesized that tuber voxel intensity may be an indicator of the dominant epileptogenic tuber. Also, via tuber segmentation based on deep learning, we explored whether an automatic quantification of the tuber burden is feasible.MethodsWe annotated tubers from structural magnetic resonance images across 29 TSC subjects, summarized tuber statistics in eight brain lobes, and determined suspected epileptogenic lobes from the same group using EEG monitoring data. Then, logistic regression analyses were performed to demonstrate the linkage between the statistics of cortical tuber and the epileptogenic zones. Furthermore, we tested the ability of a neural network to identify and quantify tuber burden.ResultsLogistic regression analyses showed that the volume and count of tubers per lobe, not the mean or variance of tuber voxel intensity, were positively correlated with electrophysiological data. In 47.6% of subjects, the lobe with the largest tuber volume concurred with the epileptic brain activity. A neural network model on the test dataset showed a sensitivity of .83 for localizing individual tubers. The predicted masks from the model correlated highly with the neurologist labels, and thus may be a useful tool for determining tuber burden and searching for the epileptogenic zone.SignificanceWe have proven the feasibility of an automatic segmentation of tubers and a derivation of tuber burden across brain lobes. Our method may provide crucial insights regarding the treatment and outcome of TSC patients.
Post‐partum paralysis following dystocia in a miniature horse
Authors: Hilliard Rachel , Haines Greg , Lillich James 
Published: March 2022

SummaryAn approximately 5‐year‐old American Miniature Horse mare presented for dystocia of several hours’ duration. Upon arrival she was in sternal recumbency and unable to stand, with both pelvic limbs splayed perpendicular to her body. The mare was induced under general anaesthesia and a controlled vaginal delivery with partial fetotomy was performed. After resolution of the dystocia, the mare could not stand without support but was able to bear weight and ambulate with her hind legs hobbled. The mare was diagnosed with bilateral obturator neuropathy following radiographs to rule out orthopaedic injury. She was hobbled, confined for 24 h, and treated with corticosteroids, anti‐inflammatories and antibiotics. After 24 h, the mare could comfortably bear weight, and after 96 h she could walk without hobbles. She was discharged 6 days after admission with only mild lateral hindlimb instability.
Microbial translocation is associated with advanced liver fibrosis among people with HIV
Authors: He Jiayu , Shi Ruizi , Duan Song , Ye Runhua , Yang Yuecheng , Wang Jibao , Zu Zhipeng , Tang Renhai , Gao Jie , Liu Xing , He Na 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of liver complications is increasing among people living with HIV, and microbial translocation (MT) might play a vital role. We conducted a prospective cohort study to evaluate the association between plasma biomarkers of MT and liver fibrosis (LF) among people living with HIV in southwest China.MethodA total of 665 people living with HIV were enrolled at baseline and had at least one follow‐up visit during the 3‐year study period. We calculated the Liver Fibrosis Index (FIB‐4) to evaluate LF and measured plasma soluble CD14 (sCD14) and lipopolysaccharide‐binding protein (LBP) as surrogate biomarkers for MT. We used ordinal logistic regression to investigate correlates of LF at baseline and used a linear mixed model to examine the association between dynamic changes in MT biomarkers and LF.ResultsOf the participants, 61 (9.17%) had advanced LF (FIB‐4 >3.25), and 193 (29.02%) had moderate LF (1.45 ≤ FIB‐4 ≤ 3.25). Patients with advanced LF had higher plasma levels of sCD14 and LBP than those with moderate or no LF, both at baseline and at follow‐up. The following factors were significantly associated with advanced LF: the highest quartile of LBP (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02~2.81), current intravenous drug use (aOR = 1.82; 95% CI 1.06~3.12), baseline CD4 <200 cells/μl (aOR = 3.25; 95% CI 2.13~4.95), hepatitis C virus coinfection (aOR = 2.52; 95% CI 1.41~4.51) and age >50 years (aOR = 32.66; 95% CI 15.89~66.36). LF progression (increasing FIB‐4) was significantly associated with increasing sCD14 level (β = 1.11; 95% CI 0.97~1.26; p < 0.001) with covariate adjustment.ConclusionThe significant relationship between MT and LF may reveal pathogenic mechanisms and potential intervention targets of liver complications among people living with HIV in China.
Development of photocatalysts based on TiO2 films with embedded Ag nanoparticles
Authors: Roldán María Virginia , Porta Estanislao , Durán Alicia , Castro Yolanda , Pellegri Nora 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this work, the synthesis, characterization, and study of the photocatalytic activity of polycrystalline TiO2 coatings with embedded Ag nanoparticles (Ag‐TiO2) were presented. In particular, the TiO2 and Ag‐TiO2 coatings were developed using a simple and improved sol‐gel technique. Very stable TiO2 sols containing Ag nanoparticles were prepared and deposited by dip‐coating process onto glass substrates obtaining homogeneous and transparent thin films. The well‐distribution of silver nanoparticles into the TiO2 sol allows TiO2 coatings with Ag nanoparticles distributed throughout the volume of the material to be obtained. A significant improvement of the photocatalytic activity was observed for the Ag‐TiO2 coatings. The photocatalytic mechanism implicated in the dye degradation (methyl orange) by hydroxyl (•OH) and superoxide (•O2–) radicals was studied using several scavengers. Thus, it is concluded that the addition of Ag nanoparticles does not modify the mechanisms involved in the dye degradation, evidencing the good stability of the photocatalyst.
Secretive fish diversity: A new species of Listrura (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from a supposedly well‐known river in south‐eastern Brazil
Authors: Villa‐Verde Leandro , de Pinna Mario C. C. , Reis Vinícius J. C. , Oyakawa Osvaldo T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe trichomycterid catfish Listrura menezesi, new species, is described from a flooded area adjacent to Rio das Panelas, Rio São João basin, Cachoeiras de Macacu municipality, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. It represents a most valuable remnant of Atlantic Forest biome that still resists the devastation of Brazilian coastlands. Listrura menezesi can be distinguished from its congeners, except L. boticario and L. depinnai, by the absence of a dorsal fin. It mainly differs from L. boticario and L. depinnai by a continuous midlateral dark stripe along the entire body (vs. discontinuous) and a longitudinal row of irregular dots along the dorsal limit of the abdomen extending for nearly the entire body (vs. only on the posterior half of the body in L. boticario and not forming a distinct row in L. depinnai). Although the new species shares with L. boticario and L. depinnai the absence of dorsal fin, recent phylogenetic analyses show a close relationship between L. menezesi and L. macaensis, the latter having a dorsal fin. A putative apomorphic condition for this clade is presented: the abrupt widening on the mesethmoid axis starting posteriorly on the horizontal through the middle region of the autopalatine (vs. anteriorly, on the horizontal through the anterior region of the autopalatine). Listrura menezesi comes as an addition to the ichthyofauna of the Rio São João drainage, a region extensively sampled for the past 20 years and supposedly well known. This paper also highlights the vulnerability of this species and the possibility of its disappearance in the near future.
Effects of oral contraceptives plus orlistat in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and overweight/obesity: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Zhangming , Cai Zhaowei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimThis meta‐analysis was conducted to compare the effect and safety of oral contraceptive pills (OCP) plus orlistat with OCP alone in clinical, hormonal, and lipid metabolism outcomes in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and overweight/obesity.MethodsPubmed, Embase, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and SinoMed were systematically reviewed. A random‐effects or fixed‐effects model was used to pool the estimate.ResultsEight studies were included in this meta‐analysis. Significant reductions in BMI, WHR, and waist circumference were observed in combination group as compared with OCP alone group. Regarding the hormonal outcome, T, SHBG, FAI, LH, DHEAS, FSH, and E2 levels were significantly improved in combination group compared with OCP alone group. However, the TT and FT did not change significantly between the two groups. Regarding the lipid metabolism outcomes, TC, LDL‐C, and TG levels were reduced and HDL‐C level was increased in the combination group. Regarding the insulin metabolism outcomes, FINS and HOMA‐IR levels were reduced in combination group than in OCP group. The ovulation rate, pregnancy rate, and overall effective rate were significantly higher in combination group than in OCP alone group. Fewer complications were observed in the combination group than in OCP group, and the difference between them was significant.ConclusionThis combination treatment of OCP and orlistat was more effective than OCP alone in reducing the weight, hormonal, lipid, and insulin metabolism profiles, as well as improving the ovulation rate, pregnancy rate, and overall effective rate, as compared with OCP alone.
FRACTURED LANDSCAPES AND THE POLITICS OF SPACE: Remembrance and Memory in Nwadjahane (Southern Mozambique)
Authors: Cruz M. Dores 
Published: March 2022

abstractNwadjahane, a small village in southern Mozambique, is set apart from other settlements as the birthplace of Eduardo Mondlane, one of the nation's founding fathers. Declared a national heritage site and made into an open‐air museum, Nwadjahane has become a landscape where national and local memories are negotiated. Mondlane is at once a national hero celebrated with statues, exhibitions, and commemorations, as well as locally linked to ancestors and memorialized through ritual sites and sacred trees. I examine how diverse audiences engage, appropriate, and contest the different spaces of Nwadjahane: the village, the museum, the space of ancestors. Highlighting the fractured nature and the politics of this landscape, the tensions, contradictions, claims, and counterclaims made upon a single locale, I use Foucault's concept of heterotopia as an analytical tool to interrogate the juxtaposition of distinct spaces and temporalities, focusing particularly on local interpretations and the historical conditions that made Nwadjahane a national heritage site.
Overestimating Reported Prejudice Causes Democrats to Believe Disadvantaged Groups Are Less Electable
Authors: Mercier Brett , Celniker Jared B. , Shariff Azim F. 
Published: March 2022

Four studies show that Democrats overestimate the explicit prejudice reported by the American electorate, leading them to perceive presidential candidates from disadvantaged groups as less electable. Study 1 (MTurk; n = 728) found that Democrats overestimated the percentage of Americans who say they would not vote for presidential candidates from disadvantaged groups. Study 2 (MTurk; n = 597) replicated this finding and demonstrated that Democrats who perceive high levels of explicit prejudice toward a group also believe presidential candidates from that group are less electable. Moreover, Democrats who more frequently interacted with Republicans were more accurate in estimating the amount of explicit prejudice reported by Republicans, Democrats, and Americans in general. Studies 3A (Prolific; n = 930) and 3B (YouGov; n = 747) found that presenting information about true levels of reported prejudice made Democrats believe generic presidential candidates from disadvantaged groups would be more electable. We did not find evidence that information about true levels of reported prejudice affected Democrats' beliefs about the electability of specific candidates in the 2020 Democratic Primary or their support for these candidates.
Severe combined immunodeficiencies: Expanding the mutation spectrum in Turkey and identification of 12 novel variants
Authors: Aykut Ayca , Durmaz Asude , Karaca Neslihan , Gulez Nesrin , Genel Ferah , Celmeli Fatih , Ozturk Gulyuz , Atay Didem , Aydogmus Cigdem , Kiykim Ayca , Aksu Guzide , Kutukculer Necil 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHuman Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEIs) are clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of diseases, with relatively mild clinical course or severe types that can be life‐threatening. Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is the most severe form of IEIs, which is caused by monogenic defects that impair the proliferation and function of T, B, and NK cells. According to the most recent report by the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS), SCID is caused by mutations in IL2RG, JAK3, FOXN1, CORO1A, PTPRC, CD3D, CD3E, CD247, ADA, AK2, NHEJ1, LIG4, PRKDC, DCLRE1C, RAG1 and RAG2 genes. The targeted next‐generation sequencing (TNGS) workflow based on Ion AmpliSeq™ Primary Immune Deficiency Research Panel was designed for sequencing 264 IEI‐related genes on Ion S5™ Sequencer. Herein, we present 21 disease‐causing variants (12 novel) which were identified in 22 patients in eight different SCID genes. Next‐generation sequencing allowed a rapid and an accurate diagnosis SCID patients.
Oily wastewater treatment by blend polyether imide‐sulfonated poly (ether ether keton) hollow fibre membrane through a side‐stream MBR process
Authors: Safdari Mohsen , Mansourizadeh Amir , Ghaedi Abdol Mohammad , Jelvegar Filband Ali 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe blend polyether imide‐sulfonated poly (ether ether keton) (PEI‐sPEEK) hollow fibre membrane was prepared for oily wastewater treatment of the natural gas liquid plant (NGL‐900, Gachsaran, Iran) through a side‐stream membrane bioreactor (MBR) process. Using PEI/sPEEK ratio of 90/10, a good compatibility of PEI and sPEEK polymers was achieved by DSC analysis. The modified membrane showed an open structure with large finger‐likes, overall porosity of about 80% and mean surface pore size of 10 nm. In addition, the membrane hydrophilicity significantly improved as water contact angle reduced from about 82° to 58°. In the MBR process, the improved membrane presented oil rejection, COD, TSS and turbidity reduction of about 99.9%, 99.7%, 98.9%, and 99.7%, respectively. The membrane showed a good antifouling property with flux recovery ratio (FRR) of 80.2% where the cake filtration was the dominant fouling mechanism. The modified membrane can be a promising alternative for treatment of industrial oily wastewater due to the enhanced properties.