bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential reaction of sweet pepper to infection with the crinivirus tomato chlorosis virus probably depends on the viral variant
Authors: Vicentin Eduardo , Mituti Tatiana , Nogueira Angélica Maria , Moura Mônika Fecury , Bello Vinicius Henrique , Ribeiro‐Júnior Marcos Roberto , Wintermantel William M. , Fiallo‐Olivé Elvira , Navas‐Castillo Jesús , Krause‐Sakate Renate , Rezende Jorge Alberto Marques 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV), transmitted by whitefly species of the genera Bemisia and Trialeurodes in a semipersistent manner, causes significant losses in solanaceous crops including tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum). Worldwide reports of natural and experimental infection of sweet pepper plants with ToCV are contradictory, raising the question of whether the critical factor determining infection is related to the susceptibility of sweet pepper cultivars or the genetics of virus isolates. In this work, ToCV isolates obtained from different hosts and geographical origins were biologically and molecularly analysed, transmitted by B. tabaci MEAM1 and MED, and the reaction of different sweet pepper cultivars was evaluated under different environmental conditions. Brazilian ToCV isolates from tomato, potato (S. tuberosum), S. americanum, and Physalis angulata did not infect plants of five sweet pepper cultivars when transmitted by B. tabaci MEAM1. Temperatures did not affect the sweet pepper susceptibility to tomato‐ToCV isolates from São Paulo, Brazil, and Florida, USA. However, sweet pepper‐ToCV isolates from Spain and São Paulo, Brazil, were transmitted efficiently to sweet pepper plants by B. tabaci MEAM1 and MED. Although the results indicated that ToCV isolates from naturally infected sweet pepper plants seem to be better adapted to plants of C. annuum, phylogenetic analyses based on the complete nucleotide sequences of RNA1 and RNA2 as well as the p22 gene did not reveal significant nucleotide differences among them. Additional studies are needed to identify intrinsic characteristics of ToCV isolates that favour infection of sweet pepper plants.
Suppression of reproductive behaviour and gonadal function in female horses—An update
Authors: Aurich Christine , Kaps Martim 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe behaviour of mares is often detrimental to their performance resulting in frequent demand for methods to suppress gonadal function. In addition, prevention of unintended reproduction especially in feral horse populations may require methods for suppression of gonadal function. Surgical ovariectomy is a safe method but not an acceptable approach in feral mares and undesired in mares where future breeding is considered. There are different approaches for artificial prolongation of the luteal phase resulting in transient inhibition of oestrus and ovulation. Among those, treatment with natural or synthetic progestogens is considered the most common and successful method. Whereas application of intrauterine devices may result in prolongation of luteal function in non‐pregnant mares, intrauterine insertion of glass balls is no longer recommended because of complications in individual mares. There are several safer alternatives that may be of interest, especially for population control in free‐roaming horses. Treatment with long‐acting deslorelin implants inhibited ovulation and oestrus behaviour in mares for limited and variable time intervals in a dose‐dependent manner. The effect of GnRH vaccines varies considerably among individual mares, is age dependent, and oestrus‐like behaviour may still occur. Contraception via immunization against native porcine or recombinant zona pellucida antigen is successful, but immunocontraception is as much a result of ovarian inactivity as an antibody‐based block to sperm‐oocyte binding. In conclusion, several treatments for suppression of gonadal function in mares are available, but there are advantages and disadvantages associated that have to be considered. The treatment of choice will thus differ with regard to the demands.
Effects of different concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the quality of ram cauda epididymal spermatozoa during storage at 4°C
Authors: Soltani Leila , Samereh Sarah , Mohammadi Tayebeh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractZinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO‐NPs) are known for their antioxidant effects. In this study, ZnO‐NPs were synthesized using aqueous extract of Maclura pomifera fruit; then, their effects on the quality of ram cauda epididymal spermatozoa were evaluated during storage at 4°C. ZnO‐NPs formation was characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), field emission scanning electron microscopes (FE‐SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Cytotoxicity responses were investigated by 3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazole‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). Cauda epididymal spermatozoa were obtained from testicles collected from abattoir(s). The sperm samples were pooled. The samples were diluted by extender and supplemented with different concentrations of ZnO‐NPs (0, 1, 5 and 25 µg/ml) and cooled to 4°C for 72 hr. Total motility, viability, DNA and membrane integrity, morphological abnormality, malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant activities: superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of cooled diluted samples were evaluated. Addition of 1 μg/ml of ZnO‐NPs increased sperm viability under normal conditions (p < .05). Extender supplementation with 1 μg/ml of ZnO‐NPs improved sperm total motility, viability, DNA and membrane integrity during storage periods (p < .05). Moreover, using 1 μg/ml of ZnO‐NPs improved (p < .05) MDA, TAC and SOD activities after 72 hr compared to other treatments. In conclusion, there were some beneficial effects of ZnO‐NPs supplementation in ram epididymal sperm extender during oxidative stress conditions and cooled storage.
Changes in aquaporins mRNA expression and liquid storage at 17°C: A potential biomarker of boar sperm quality?
Authors: Castany Quintana Marina , Gardela Jaume , Ruiz‐Conca Mateo , López‐Béjar Manel , Martinez Cristina A. , Rodríguez‐Martinez Heriberto , Álvarez‐Rodríguez Manuel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractArtificial insemination (AI) for pigs relies on liquid storage of extended semen at 17°C, which preserves sperm quality and ensures its fertilizing capacity. Routine quality controls include the evaluation of sperm motility, viability and capacitation status. The physiological functions of all these features depend on transmembrane aquaporins (AQPs), proteins playing key roles in osmoadaptation. In this study, we made a relative quantification, using RT‐qPCR, of the mRNA of several sperm AQPs in AI‐liquid semen doses before and after a 48‐hr incubation period, aiming to determine possible quantitative compromising expression changes during the process that could serve as a diagnostic tool. Our results showed a decrease in classical sperm motility variables (total and progressive motility and velocity) and sperm viability after 48‐hr storage, whereas capacitation status increased overtime. mRNA expression increased in the orthodox AQP4 and AQP6 after 48‐hr incubation, relative to control (0 hr) and 24‐hr time‐points. Moreover, mRNA expression of aquaglyceroporins AQP3, AQP7 and AQP10 was higher after 48‐hr incubation, confirmed by AQP7‐protein validation using Western blot. Our results indicate that expression levels of AQPs‐mRNA can change in ejaculated pig spermatozoa under conditions of ex‐vivo incubation that could modify sperm homeostasis, suggesting it could eventually become a relevant molecular biomarker to assess the efficiency of liquid storage of pig semen.
Seven lessons from the coronavirus pandemic for primary health care: A qualitative study of registered and assistant nurses in Sweden
Authors: Nilsen Per , Fernemark Hanna , Seing Ida , Schildmeijer Kristina , Skagerström Janna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to explore lessons from the pandemic by registered and assistant nurses in Swedish primary health care (PHC) of potential relevance for the future operation of PHC.MethodsTwenty‐one semi‐structured interviews were conducted with registered and assistant nurses. We used a purposeful sampling strategy to achieve a diverse sample with regard to size and location of PHC centres. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsAnalysis yielded two categories: lessons from the pandemic pertaining to PHC personnel and patient behaviours (adaptability of the personnel; importance of hygiene and maintaining physical distance; and importance of being attentive to illness symptoms) and lessons from the pandemic related to primary healthcare work routines (effectiveness of digital job meetings; advantages of digital patient consultations; importance of keeping infectious patients separate from other patients; and the need to allow only pre‐booked patient appointments).ConclusionsThe seven sub‐categories represent seven lessons from the pandemic. The lessons generated both instrumental knowledge, which the nurses could apply in work‐related decisions, and conceptual knowledge which yielded improved understanding of problems and potential solutions for PHC.
Extracellular 20S proteasome secreted via microvesicles can degrade poorly folded proteins and inhibit Galectin‐3 agglutination activity
Authors: Bonhoure Anne , Henry Laurent , Bich Claudia , Blanc Lionel , Bergeret Blanche , Bousquet Marie‐Pierre , Coux Olivier , Stoebner Pierre‐Emmanuel , Vidal Michel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractProteasomes are major non‐lysosomal proteolytic complexes localized in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Strikingly, high levels of extracellular proteasome have also been evidenced in the plasma (p‐proteasome) of patients with specific diseases. Here, we examined the process by which proteasomes are secreted, as well as their structural and functional features once in the extracellular space. We demonstrate that assembled 20S core particles are secreted by cells within microvesicles budding from the plasma membrane. Part of the extracellular proteasome pool is also free of membranes in the supernatant of cultured cells, and likely originates from microvesicles leakage. We further demonstrate that this free proteasome released by cells (cc‐proteasome for cell culture proteasome) possesses latent proteolytic activity and can degrade various extracellular proteins. Both standard (no immune‐subunits) and intermediate (containing some immune‐subunits) forms of 20S are observed. Moreover, we show that galectin‐3, which displays a highly disordered N‐terminal region, is efficiently cleaved by purified cc‐proteasome, without SDS activation, likely after its binding to PSMA3 (α7) subunit through its intrinsically disordered region. As a consequence, galectin‐3 is unable to induce red blood cells agglutination when preincubated with cc‐proteasome. These results highlight potential novel physio‐ and pathologic functions for the extracellular proteasome.
Changes in glycans on platelet microparticles released during storage of apheresis platelets are associated with phosphatidylserine externalization and phagocytosis
Authors: van der Wal Dianne E. , Rey Gomez Laura M. , Hueneburg Thomas , Linnane Claire , Marks Denese C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPlatelets shed platelet microparticles (PMP) when activated or stored. As the removal of sialic acid (desialylation) promotes platelet uptake and clearance from the circulation, similar mechanisms for PMP uptake were hypothesized. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of surface glycans in thein vitrouptake of PMP from stored platelet components.Study Design and MethodsApheresis platelet components were stored in 40% plasma/60% SSP+ and sampled on day 1, 5, and 7 post‐collection. PMP were characterized by staining with annexin‐V (AnV) for phosphatidylserine (PS)‐exposure, CD41 antibody, and fluorescently labeled glycan‐binding lectins using flow cytometry. The procoagulant function of PMP following desialylation by neuraminidase treatment was assessed by AnV binding and a procoagulant phospholipid assay. PMP were isolated and stained with Deep Red, and phagocytosis by HepG2 cells was measured. Isolated PMP were deglycosylated with neuraminidase and galactosidase to assess the involvement of glycans in mediating phagocytosis.ResultsWhile the overall platelet surface glycan profile was unchanged during storage, PS+platelets were sialylated, indicating different glycoproteins were changed. In contrast, sialic acid was removed from PS+and CD41+PMP, which specifically lost α‐2,3‐linked sialic acid during platelet storage. PMP were phagocytized by HepG2 cells, and PMP from platelets stored for 7 days were phagocytized to a lesser extent than on day 1. Desialylation by neuraminidase induced PS‐exposure on PMP, decreased PPL clotting time, and increased PMP phagocytosis.ConclusionPMP glycans change during platelet storage. Desialylation influences the procoagulant function of PMP and phagocytosis by HepG2 cells.
A taxonomic approach to the use of English in the Italian media
Authors: Gazzardi Antonella , Vásquez Camilla 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInvestigating English borrowings in Italian media, this study analyzes various uses of English in headlines of the online version of the popular Italian newspaper, Corriere della Sera. It addresses the pervasiveness of English borrowings in contexts where their use does not seem motivated by necessity. The analysis disambiguates informative loans from loans of manner (as well as pseudo‐Anglicisms from integral loans) in different topic domains. Findings show that non‐specialized borrowings are especially abundant in domains where the advertising power of English is exploited, and that borrowings are often hybridized in a systematic way, adapting to Italian morphosyntax. Moreover, this study responds to language ideological debates about the alleged ‘invasion’ of English into Italian and, by taking a taxonomic approach, demonstrates that such uses of English are associated with distinct pragmatic functions within the hybridized genre of news‐as‐advertising discourse.
Development of a Finite Element Model of the Pediatric Thoracic and Lumbar Spine, Ribcage, and Pelvis With Orthotropic Region-Specific Vertebral Growth
Authors: Balasubramanian Sriram , D'Andrea Christian R. , Viraraghavan Girish , Cahill Patrick J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Finite element (FE) modeling of the spine has increasingly been applied in orthopedic precision-medicine approaches. Previously published FE models of the pediatric spine growth have made simplifications in the geometry of anatomical structures, material properties, and representation of vertebral growth. To address those limitations, a comprehensive FE model of a pediatric (10-year-old) osteo-ligamentous thoracic and lumbar spine (T1-L5 with intervertebral discs (IVDs) and ligaments), ribcage, and pelvis with age- and level-specific ligament properties and orthotropic region-specific vertebral growth was developed and validated. Range of motion (ROM) measures, namely, lateral bending, flexion–extension, and axial rotation, of the current 10 YO FE model were generally within reported ranges of scaled in vitro adult ROM data. Changes in T1-L5 spine height, as well as kyphosis (T2-T12) and lordosis (L1-L5), angles in the current FE model for two years of growth (from ages 10 to 12 years) were within ranges reported from corresponding pediatric clinical data. The use of such comprehensive pediatric FE models can provide clinically relevant insights into normative and pathological biomechanical responses of the spine, and also contribute to the development and optimization of clinical interventions for spine deformities.
Electrochemical Characterization of Dopamine in Neural Cells With Flexible Biosensors
Authors: Abbasi Shirsavar Mehran , Niaraki Amir , Hashemi Nicole N. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Dopamine is critical for the physiological function and plays a crucial role in the discovery of neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease. Improving the measurement of this neurotransmitter could improve treatment, diagnosis, and prognosis of neurological disorders. Graphene's outstanding biocompatibility and electrical conductivity have caused it to become a widely used material in cellular interfacing and neurotransmitter characterization. However, graphene has been rarely used to investigate cellular systems after introducing trauma. Sensing dopamine on the cellular level and on the microscale can lead to provide a point-of-care diagnostics for traumatic brain injury patients. The sensitivity of graphene biosensor to different concentrations of dopamine was evaluated in the dynamic range of 0.1–100 µM, and the limit of detection of biosensor was estimated to be 180 µM. In this work, a 3D-printed graphene biosensor was used to characterize the dopamine levels as a real-time detector of neurotransmitters. We used cyclic voltammetry (CV) to measure the response of graphene biosensors to neurotransmitter changes, in addition, to evaluate the effect of UV irradiation as the injury stimulant on the electrical properties of graphene biosensors. We demonstrated that the 3D-printed graphene could detect significant changes in the CV profiles of N27 dopaminergic neural cells cultured on the graphene device in the face of trauma.
Effect of Cooling Rate on Phase Transformation and Strain Response of SA508-3 Steel by Numerical and Experimental Study
Authors: Jiang Wenchun , Luo Yun , Deng Yangguang , Wan Yu , Chen Jingkai 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The key to accurately predict welding residual stress is to explore the solid-phase transition law of SA508-3 steel and establish the phase transition model under continuous cooling conditions. The effects of cooling rate on phase transformation and strain response of SA508-3 steel were investigated in this paper. The established programs accurately predict the evolution of microstructure at different cooling rates, the relationship between the bainite volume fraction and temperature is fitted by a modified bainite transformation model and is validated by optical microscopy and dilatometric test. The strain evolution of SA508-3 steel is predicted at different cooling rates and is verified by the dilatometric test. In addition, the effects of bainite transformation and martensite transformation on the strain response of SA508-3 steel are intensively discussed. This work casts light on the simulation of metallurgical effects at different cooling region during welding.
Immigrant ancestry and birthweight across two generations born in Sweden: an intergenerational cohort study
Authors: Aradhya Siddartha , Katikireddi Srinivasa Vittal , Juárez Sol P 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionDifferences in birthweight are often seen between migrants and natives. However, whether migrant-native birthweight inequalities widen, narrow or remain persistent across generations when comparing the descendants of immigrants and natives remains understudied. We examined inequalities in birthweight of mothers (G2) and daughters (G3) of foreign-born grandmothers (G1) compared with those of Swedish-born grandmothers.MethodsWe used population registers with multigenerational linkages to identify 314 415 daughters born in Sweden during the period 1989–2012 (G3), linked to 246 642 mothers (G2) born in Sweden during 1973–1996, and to their grandmothers (G1) who were Swedish or foreign-born. We classified migrants into non-western, Eastern European, the rest of Nordic and Western. We used multivariable methods to examine mean birthweight and low birthweight (<2500 g; LBW).ResultsBirthweight between individuals with Swedish background (G1) and non-western groups increased from -80 g to -147 g between G2 (mothers) and G3 (daughters), respectively. Furthermore, the odds of LBW increased among the G3 non-western immigrants compared with those with Swedish grandmothers (OR: 1.38, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.69). Birthweight increased in both descendants of Swedes and non-western immigrants, but less so in the latter (83 g vs 16 g).ConclusionWe observed an increase in birthweight inequalities across generations between descendants of non-western immigrants and descendants of Swedes. This finding is puzzling considering Sweden has been lauded for its humanitarian approach to migration, for being one of the most egalitarian countries in the world and providing universal access to healthcare and education.
An empirical financial analysis of integrating biomass procurement in sawtimber and pulpwood harvesting in eastern Canada
Authors: Canuel Claudie-Maude , Thiffault Evelyne , Thiffault Nelson 
Published: April 2022

Integrating forest biomass procurement in wood procurement for conventional products is a potential means of reducing bioenergy system supply costs. We studied forest harvest operations to procure biomass in the form of trees and tree sections, along with sawtimber and pulpwood. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of the supply chain with a particular focus on harvest costs and the potential silvicultural savings from a reduced need for site preparation and reforestation. We compared four wood procurement scenarios of increasing intensity (from harvesting only sawtimber to harvesting sawtimber, pulpwood and biomass for bioenergy) at three sites in eastern Canada. Wood procurement intensity did not affect feedstock unit costs (CAD·m−3). At the stand scale, procuring biomass for bioenergy had limited impact on harvest costs (CAD·ha−1) for low-density stands with large trees. In contrast, high-density stands with small trees generated more feedstock for bioenergy (up to 50 m3·ha−1), but biomass procurement increased harvest costs. The cost-effectiveness of the wood supply chain did not vary significantly along the wood procurement intensity gradient we studied when silvicultural savings are considered. The proportion of biomass harvested, stand characteristics, and market conditions proved to be important factors that influence wood procurement profitability.
Geometry of static $$w=-1/5$$ perfect fluid spheres in general relativity
Authors: Fazlpour Behnaz , Banijamali Ali , Faraoni Valerio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe discuss the physical features of two recent classes of analytical solutions of the Einstein equations sourced by an exotic perfect fluid with equation of state $$ P=-\rho /5$$

P
=
-
ρ
/
5

. These geometries depend on up to four parameters and are static and spherically symmetric. They describe compact spaces with naked central singularities.
Feynman checkers: The probability to find an electron vanishes nowhere inside the light cone
Authors: Novikov Ivan 
Published: April 2022

We study Feynman checkers, the most elementary model of electron motion introduced by Feynman. For the model, we prove that the probability to find an electron vanishes nowhere inside the light cone. We also prove several results on the average electron velocity. In addition, we present a lot of identities related to the model.