bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polypharmacological drug design opportunities against Parkinson's disease
Authors: Garcia-Romero Ezra Michelet , López-López Edgar , Soriano-Correa Catalina , Medina-Franco José L. , Barrientos-Salcedo Carolina 
Published: October 2022

Background: Parkinson's disease is an attractive disease model to extend research towards a better understanding of the interrelationship between genes and the environment (exposome) therefore is an ideal model for a polypharmacological approach due to its clinical heterogeneity. Methods: In this paper, we present a series of polypharmacological chemical scaffolds extracted from ChEMBL 30 Database, with two or more targets of PD-related proteins obtained through chemoinformatics methods. This way, we describe the first adaptation of the Dual Activity Difference (DAD) map that allows the direct identification of "dual activity cliffs". Results: We identified 25 antiparkinson small molecules whose pharmacological targets are directed to dopaminergic and muscarinic acetyl choline M1-M5 receptors; 2 small molecules with three pharmacological targets with norepinephrine transporter, dopaminergic D1-D2 and muscarinic acetyl choline M1-M5 receptors; 6 with both targets norepinephrine transporter and muscarinic acetyl choline M1-M5 receptors; 2 small molecules with norepinephrine transporter and muscarinic acetyl choline M1-M5 receptors and 1 with both adenosine A2a and Dopamine D1-D5 receptors. Conclusion: Chemoinformatics methods identified 36 polypharmacological chemical scaffolds related to Parkinson's disease. Demonstrating that the design of polypharmacological drugs is an opportunity in PD.
Knowledge and attitude of the people in San Juan de Miraflores towards the disposal of medicines
Authors: Esteves Pairazaman Ambrocio Teodoro , Parren̈o Tipian Juan Manuel , Ramos Jaco Antonio Guillermo , Lujȧn Orbegȯn Taylor Anthony , Manami Manami Noemi Eva , Trujillo Roman Ramiro Ismael , Caballero Garcia Manuel Jaime , Salazar Lopez Juan Carlos , Huarcaya Laura Ana Lourdes 
Published: October 2022

Background: Medicines that are expired or deteriorated within a household must be disposed of in an effective and environmentally friendly manner, to the point that they do not end up being a risk to the community and the environment. To do this, the members of Peruvian households must have the knowledge and the appropriate attitude, together with the necessary tools for the effective disposal of these drugs. For this reason, the research objective is as follows: to evaluates the relationship between the level of knowledge and attitudes on how to dispose of medicines in households in the district of San Juan de Miraflores. Methods: Hypothetical-deductive, quantitative approach, applied type and non-experimental, observational design, for which 385 households in the district of San Juan de Miraflores were surveyed. Results: 48.3% of the respondents have an average level of knowledge of how to dispose of medicines. 93.2% of the respondents have a positive attitude towards the disposal of medicines, and there is a relationship between the level of knowledge and attitude towards the disposal of medicines (P-value = 0.000). Conclusions: Increased knowledge is associated with a better attitude to the disposal of medicines.
Seroprevalence of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in domestic dogs and cats and its relationship with COVID-19 cases in the city of Villavicencio, Colombia
Authors: Jaramillo Hernández Dumar Alexander , Chacón María Clara , Velásquez María Alejandra , Vásquez-Trujillo Adolfo , Sánchez Ana Patricia , Salazar Garces Luis Fabian , García Gina Lorena , Velasco-Santamaría Yohana María , Pedraza Luz Natalia , Lesmes-Rodríguez Lida Carolina 
Published: October 2022

Background: Since the beginning of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak, different animal species have been implicated as possible intermediate hosts that could facilitate the transmission of the virus between species. The detection of these hosts has intensified, reporting wild, zoo, farm, and pet animals. The goal of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulins (IgG) in domestic dogs and cats and its epidemiological association with the frequency of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in Villavicencio, Colombia. Methods: 300 dogs and 135 cats were randomly selected in a two-stage distribution by clusters according to COVID-19 cases (positive RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2) within the human population distributed within the eight communes of Villavicencio. Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique was applied in order to determine anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG in sera samples. Kernel density estimation was used to compare the prevalence of COVID-19 cases with the seropositivity of dogs and cats. Results: The overall seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG was 4.6% (95% CI=3.2-7.4). In canines, 3.67% (95% CI=2.1-6.4) and felines 6.67% (95% CI=3.6-12.18). Kernel density estimation indicated that seropositive cases were concentrated in the southwest region of the city. There was a positive association between SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in pet animals and their habitat in Commune 2 (adjusted OR=5.84; 95% CI=1.1-30.88). Spearman's correlation coefficients were weakly positive (p=0.32) between the ratio of COVID-19 cases in November 2020 and the results for domestic dogs and cats from the eight communes of Villavicencio. Conclusions: In the present research cats were more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection than dogs. This study provides the first positive results of anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA serological tests in domestic dogs and cats in Colombia with information about the virus transmission dynamics in Latin America during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Clinical equivalence of Trusynth fast® and Vicryl rapide® polyglactin 910 fast absorbing sutures on maternal morbidity experienced by women following episiotomy repair: a single-blind, randomized study
Authors: Hemalatha Devi Dongabanti , Bolanthakodi Chethana , D’Cunha Prema , Bheema Bai Mudiki , Kumar Moharana Ashok , TS Deepak 
Published: October 2022

Background: Episiotomy procedure enlarges the vaginal outlet to facilitate childbirth. Polyglactin 910 fast-absorbing sutures are widely used for the repair of episiotomy because of their rapid absorption and less inflammatory response. This study was designed for subjective assessment of perineal pain post-episiotomy repair, with Trusynth Fast® and Vicryl Rapide® polyglactin 910 fast-absorbing sutures. Method: This was a single-blind, randomized, prospective study conducted between January 7, 2021 and July 14, 2021 across two centers in India. Primiparous or multiparous women (18—40 years), who required episiotomy during vaginal delivery were included, and either Trusynth Fast® (n=47) or Vicryl Rapide® (n=49) suture was used for their episiotomy repair. The primary endpoint, perineal pain was assessed with visual analogue scale at all follow-up visits. The secondary endpoints, quantity of local anesthesia, number of sutures used, time to repair episiotomy, intraoperative suture handling, analgesics used, early and late wound complications, wound re-suturing, time to complete healing, presence of residual sutures, return to sexual activity, dyspareunia, and adverse events were also recorded. Results: The study showed no significant difference in perineal pain between the two groups at any visit. A statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in total score of episiotomy healing scale on day 2 (0.13±0.34 versus 0.35±0.56) and swelling on day 2 (8.51 versusversus 28.57%) was noted between Trusynth Fast® and Vicryl Rapide® group. Non-significant difference was observed between the groups regarding anesthesia, number of sutures, time to repair episiotomy, intraoperative suture handling, analgesics, puerperal fever, wound infection, dehiscence, hematoma, urinary incontinence, re-suturing, time to complete healing, return to sexual activity and dyspareunia. Conclusion: Trusynth Fast® suture is clinically equivalent to Vicryl Rapide® suture and can be used for episiotomy repair with minimal risk of perineal pain and wound complications. Clinical Trials Registry of India Registration: CTRI/2020/12/029925; Registered on December 18, 2020
Evaluation of clinical, histology, TNF-α, and collagen expressions on oral ulcer in rats after treatment with areca nut and chrysanthemum oral gel
Authors: Meutia Sari Liza , Mubarak Zaki , Keumala Sari Dina 
Published: October 2022

Background: Areca nut (Areca catechu Linn.) is the seed of the fruit of the oriental palm that is commonly used among Southeast Asian communities. Chrysanthemum (Dendrathema grandiflora) is a flowering plant originating from East Asia and dominantly grows in China. Both of these plants have strong antioxidant activities. To investigate the mechanism of their wound healing activities, we prepared areca nut and chrysanthemum polyethylene oral gel and performed several in vivo assays using Sprague–Dawley rats. Methods: Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into five groups: Negative control group (rats with base gel treatment), positive control group (rats treated with triamcinolone acetonide), F1 (treatment with 20% areca nut:80% chrysanthemum), F2 (treatment with 50% areca nut:50% chrysanthemum), and F3 (treatment with 80% areca nut:20% chrysanthemum). Traumatic ulcers were performed on the buccal mucosa of all experimental animals that received topical oral gel and triamcinolone acetonide twice a day for seven days. The clinical and histological characteristics were analyzed and scored. Results: During the six days, the ulcerated area receded linearly over time and was completely cicatrized in F2, F3, and positive control group (Dependent t-test, p<0.05). There were significant increases in body weight in F2 and positive control groups. There were no significant differences between groups in histology examination (Kruskal Wallis test, p<0.05). The moderate score of TNF-α levels was seen in F2 and positive control groups (ANOVA/Tukey test, p<0.05). In the collagenases assay, a high concentration of areca nut (F3) induced the abundance of collagen during the ulcer healing process. Conclusions: The combination of areca nut and chrysanthemum extract in the oral gel can optimize the healing of traumatic oral ulcers in Sprague-Dawley rats through the increase of TNF-α and collagen deposition.
Empowering Patient Self-Management: A Community Paramedicine Model of Care in Ontario
Authors:   University of Regina, Turner Sarah 
Published: October 2022

Community Paramedicine Remote Patient Monitoring (CPRPM) was launched in Ontario in April 2015 to address high health system usage in vulnerable patients living with chronic disease. CPRPM expands on the home visit model of community paramedicine (CP) to bridge gaps in patient care and address inefficiencies in resource utilization. At patient and systems levels, CPRPM aims to promote patient self-management of chronic diseases. Several reports driving the development of the Ontario Seniors Strategy, which include key recommendations for expanding CP programs, provided the impetus for government to deliver on their electoral platform promise to increase health care spending. The Local Health System Integration Act, 2006 gave Local Health Integration Networks the authority to make home and community care services accessible to Ontario residents, including the supplies and equipment required by patients and their caregivers to support their care at home. Outcome measures of CPRPM point to positive benefits for encouraging patient self-management of chronic diseases and reducing health system strain, with a return on investment of 542%. The variety of options for patient interaction and ability to lessen health system burden makes CPRPM a desirable model of care.
All-fiber heterodyne velocity and displacement interferometer based on DPLL Doppler tracking with sub-nanometer per second and picometer sensitivity
Authors: Yan Hao , Chen Liuyang , Xu Zhilin , Lin Xiang , Liang Yurong 
Published: October 2022

Velocity and displacement measurements play an important role not only in the process
of industrial production and metrology on the ground but also in
satellite gravity measurement in space. A high-precision all-fiber
heterodyne velocity and displacement interferometer based on digital
phase-locked loop (DPLL) Doppler tracking is proposed in this paper.
The target velocity is measured by tracking the heterodyne frequency
changes of the beat-note signal, and the displacement is obtained by
the integrated phase of the Doppler frequency change. A dual-signal
differential optical-path scheme combined with DPLL signal tracking
technology enables high-precision and high-linearity measurement of
velocity and displacement simultaneously. For integration and
compactness, the interferometer uses all-fiber optics that are
packaged in a small box with dimensions of

150

×

150

×

70

m
m

3

, except for an externally
fiber-connected collimator as the sensor head. The experimental
results show a velocity sensitivity below

30

p
m

/

s

/

H
z

1

/

2

in the 0.03–2 Hz band and a
displacement sensitivity below

10

p
m

/

H
z

1

/

2

above 0.4 Hz.
Overview of high-speed TDM-PON beyond 50  Gbps per wavelength using digital signal processing [Invited Tutorial]
Authors: Torres-Ferrera Pablo , Effenberger Frank , Faruk Md Saifuddin , Savory Seb J. , Gaudino Roberto 
Published: October 2022

The recent evolution of passive optical network standards and related research activities for physical layer solutions that achieve bit rates well above 10 Gbps per wavelength (

λ

) is discussed. We show that the advancement toward 50, 100, and

200

G
b
p
s

/

λ

will certainly require a strong introduction of advanced digital signal processing (DSP) technologies for linear, and maybe nonlinear, equalization and for forward error correction. We start by reviewing in detail the current standardization activities in the International Telecommunication Union and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, and then we present a comparison of the DSP approaches for traditional direct detection solutions and for future coherent detection approaches.
Terabit FSO communication based on a soliton microcomb
Authors: Shao Wen , Wang Yang , Jia Shuaiwei , Xie Zhuang , Gao Duorui , Wang Wei , Zhang Dongquan , Liao Peixuan , Little Brent E. , Chu Sai T. , Zhao Wei , Zhang Wenfu , Wang Weiqiang , Xie Xiaoping 
Published: October 2022

Free-space optical (FSO) communication technology is a promising approach to establish a secure wireless link, which has the advantages of excellent directionality, large bandwidth, multiple services, low mass and less power requirements, and easy and fast deployments. Increasing the communication capacity is the perennial goal in both scientific and engineer communities. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate a Tbit/s parallel FSO communication system using a soliton microcomb as a multiple wavelength laser source. Two communication terminals are installed in two buildings with a straight-line distance of

∼
1

km

. 102 comb lines are modulated by 10 Gbit/s differential phase-shift keying signals and demodulated using a delay-line interferometer. When the transmitted optical power is amplified to 19.8 dBm, 42 optical channels have optical signal-to-noise ratios higher than 27 dB and bit error rates less than

1
×

10

−
9

. Our experiment shows the feasibility of a wavelength-division multiplexing FSO communication system which suits the ultra-high-speed wireless transmission application scenarios in future satellite-based communications, disaster recovery, defense, last mile problems in networks and remote sensing, and so on.
Role of socioeconomic factors in developing mycetoma: Results from a household survey in Sennar State, Sudan
Authors: Hounsome Natalia , Hassan Rowa , Bakhiet Sahar Mubarak , Deribe Kebede , Bremner Stephen , Fahal Ahmed Hassan , Newport Melanie J. 
Published: October 2022

Background
Mycetoma is a chronic, progressively destructive disease of subcutaneous tissues and bones caused by certain species of bacteria or fungi. We conducted a cross-sectional community-based study alongside mapping of mycetoma in five administrative units with high mycetoma endemicity in the Eastern Sennar Locality, Sennar State, Sudan.

Methods
A household survey was administered which included questions about the household members, household characteristics, economic activity and history of mycetoma. A clinical examination was conducted on all members of the household. If mycetoma was suspected, an individual questionnaire was completed collecting demographic, clinical and epidemiological data as well as information on the use of health care and associated costs. Geographical coordinates and photos of the lesions were taken, and the affected persons were referred to the medical centre for confirmation of the diagnosis and treatment. We compared the characteristics of households with confirmed cases of mycetoma with those without confirmed cases, and individuals with confirmed mycetoma with those in whom mycetoma was not confirmed.

Results
In total 7,798 households in 60 villages were surveyed; 515 suspected cases were identified and 359 cases of mycetoma were confirmed. Approximately 15% of households with mycetoma had more than one household member affected by this disease. Households with mycetoma were worse off with respect to water supply, toilet facilities, electricity and electrical appliances compared to the survey households. Only 23% of study participants with mycetoma had sought professional help. Of these, 77% of patients travelled an average of six hours to visit a medical facility. More than half of patients had to pay towards their treatment. The estimated average cost of treatment was 26,957 Sudanese pounds per year (566 US dollars, exchange rate 2018).

Conclusions
Results of this survey suggest that agricultural practices and reduced access to sanitation and clean water can be risk factors in developing mycetoma. Poor access to health care and substantial financial costs were barriers to seeking treatment for mycetoma.
General practitioner perspectives on factors that influence implementation of secondary care-initiated treatment in primary care: Exploring implementation beyond the context of a clinical trial
Authors: Le Boutillier Clair , Ahmed Haroon , Patel Vishal C. , McPhail Mark , Carter Ben , Ward Christopher , Lawrence Vanessa 
Published: October 2022

Background
The Beta-blockers Or Placebo for Primary Prophylaxis of oesophageal varices (BOPPP) trial is a 3-year phase IV, multi-centre clinical trial of investigational medicinal product (CTIMP) that aims to determine the effectiveness of carvedilol in the prevention of variceal bleeding for small oesophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis. Early engagement of General Practitioners (GPs) in conversations about delivery of a potentially effective secondary care-initiated treatment in primary care provides insights for future implementation. The aim of this study was to understand the implementation of trial findings by exploring i) GP perspectives on factors that influence implementation beyond the context of the trial and ii) how dose titration and ongoing treatment with carvedilol is best delivered in primary care.

Methods
This qualitative study was embedded within the BOPPP trial and was conducted alongside site opening. GP participants were purposively sampled and recruited from ten Clinical Commissioning Groups in England and three Health Boards across Wales. Semi-structured telephone individual interviews were conducted with GPs (n = 23) working in England and Wales. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Findings
Five overarching themes were identified: i) primary care is best placed for oversight, ii) a shared approach led by secondary care, iii) empower the patient to take responsibility, iv) the need to go above and beyond and v) develop practice guidance. The focus on prevention, attention to holistic care, and existing and often long-standing relationships with patients provides an impetus for GP oversight. GPs spoke about the value of partnership working with secondary care and of prioritising patient-centred care and involving patients in taking responsibility for their own health. An agreed pathway of care, clear communication, and specific, accessible guidance on how to implement the proposed treatment strategy safely and effectively are important determinants in the success of implementation.

Conclusions
Our findings for implementing secondary care-initiated treatment in primary care are important to the specifics of the BOPPP trial but can also go some way in informing wider learning for other trials where work is shared across the primary-secondary care interface, and where findings will impact the primary care workload. We propose a systems research perspective for addressing implementation of CTIMP findings at the outset of research. The value of early stakeholder involvement is highlighted, and the need to consider complexity in terms of the interaction between the intervention and the context in which it is implemented is acknowledged.

Trial registration
ISRCTN10324656.
Birth trauma in preterm spontaneous vaginal and cesarean section deliveries: A 10-years retrospective study
Authors: Luca Alina , Vinturache Angela , Ilea Ciprian , Avasiloaiei Andreea , Paduraru Luminita , Carauleanu Alexandru , Sripcariu Ioana , Socolov Demetra 
Published: October 2022

Objective
We compared birth injuries for spontaneous vaginal (VD) and caesarean section (CS) deliveries in preterm and term pregnancies.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a single tertiary center, between January 1st, 2007, and December 31st, 2017. The study included 62330 singleton pregnancies delivered after 24 0/7 weeks gestation. Multivariable analyses compared trauma at birth, birth hypoxia and birth asphyxia in term and preterm deliveries, stratified by mode of birth, VD versus CS. Main outcome measure was trauma at birth including intracranial laceration and haemorrhage, injuries to scalp, injuries to central and peripheral nervous system, fractures to skeleton, facial and eye injury.

Results
The incidence of preterm deliveries was 10.9%. Delivery of preterm babies by CS increased from 37.0% in 2007 to 60.0% in 2017. The overall incidence of all birth trauma was 16.2%. When stratified by mode of delivery, birth trauma was recorded in 23.4% of spontaneous vaginal deliveries and 7.5% of CS deliveries (aOR 3.3, 95%CI 3.1–3.5). When considered all types of birth trauma, incidence of trauma at birth was higher after 28 weeks gestation in VD compared to CS (28–31 weeks, aOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3–2.3; 32–36 weeks, aOR 4.2, 95% CI 3.6–4.9; >37 weeks, aOR 3.3, 95% CI 3.1–3.5). There was no difference in the incidence of birth trauma before 28 weeks gestation between VD and CS (aOR 0.8, 95% CI 0.5–1.2). Regarding overall life-threatening birth trauma or injuries at birth with severe consequences such as cerebral and intraventricular haemorrhage, cranial and brachial nerve injury, fractures of long bones and clavicle, eye and facial injury, there was no difference in vaginal preterm deliveries compared to CS deliveries (p > 0.05 for all).

Conclusion
CS is not protective of injury at birth. When all types of birth trauma are considered, these are more common in spontaneous VD, thus favoring CS as preferred method of delivery to avoid trauma at birth. However, when stratified by severity of birth trauma, preterm babies delivered vaginally are not at higher risk of major birth trauma than those delivered by CS.