bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary investigation on the self-propulsion performance of wedge-shaped functional surfaces
Authors: Li Qianqian , Zhang Bo , Yang Tao , Dai Qingwen , Huang Wei , Wang Xiaolei 
Published: October 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to artificially construct a functional surface with self-propulsion flow characteristics for the directional transportation of propellant in surface tension tanks.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, a method to enhance the propulsion efficiency by using functional surfaces of self-propulsion performance was proposed. Superhydrophilic wedged-groove with the superhydrophobic background was fabricated and the self-propulsion capacity was verified.FindingsIt is found that the self-propulsion capacity is related to the divergence angle of the wedged-groove in the hydrophilic area, and the velocity of the droplets on the deflector plate is the largest with the divergence angle of 4°; the temperature gradient field formed by the condensing device at the nozzle can accelerate the droplet outflow from the tank.Originality/valueRealization of this idea provides an accurate control strategy for the complex flow process of propellant in plate surface tension tanks, which could enhance the efficiency of the tension tank significantly.
Perceived determinants for modifying littering behavior – a study testing the influence of perceived behavioral control, environmental factors and intention
Authors: Kaur Ranjit , Singh Jagwinder 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
The purpose of the paper is to empirically examine the impact of environmental factors and perceived behavioral control (PBC) in addition to the intention on modified littering behavior.

Design/methodology/approach
The present study followed a quantitative approach. The empirical data for the present study were drawn from 750 individuals across the states of Delhi and Punjab in India. The predictors of the antecedents of the modified behavior have been examined using confirmatory factor analysis in AMOS 21.0. The hypothesized relationships were tested using structural equation modeling.

Findings
The results of the current research found that the modified littering behavior was significantly influenced by intention, PBC and environmental factors. Among these predictor variables, environmental factors have been found influencing the modified littering behavior to the highest extent.

Practical implications
Considering the highest influence of environmental factors, social marketing interventions need to focus on cleaning the already littered areas, convenient placement of trash bins, regular cleanliness, sanitization and emptying of trash bins.

Originality/value
Looking at the uniqueness of the present study in the Indian context, this paper is the first to empirically examine the predictive ability of environmental factors and PBC in addition to the intention that may help close the intention–behavior gap.
Diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy for 934 basal cell carcinomas: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Yuki Akihiko , Takatsuka Sumiko , Abe Riichiro , Takenouchi Tatsuya 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlthough the efficacy of dermoscopic diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) has already been established, most studies have been conducted in Western countries. However, there are racial differences in the clinicopathological characteristics of BCC, highlighting the need for a survey among Asians. Herein, we aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy in 934 Japanese patients with BCC and statistically analyze the clinicopathological factors affecting diagnostic accuracy. We analyzed 5093 skin lesions, including 934 BCCs that were diagnosed consecutively from 1998 to 2018. The sensitivity and specificity of dermoscopic diagnosis for BCC were calculated. The sensitivity and specificity of dermoscopic diagnosis were 92.2% and 96.0%, respectively. There were 73 false‐negative cases of BCCs that were clinically diagnosed with other diseases. The most common incorrect clinical diagnosis was seborrheic keratosis (n = 18), followed by melanocytic nevus (n = 15). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that sensitivity was significantly lower in BCCs located on the trunk and extremities, which showed low pigmentation (less than 10% of the lesion surface) and were diagnosed by a resident dermatologist. Experience of 3–6 months of 12 resident dermatologists revealed increased sensitivity. Dermoscopy is a reliable tool for the accurate diagnosis of BCC in Japanese individuals. Care should be taken when diagnosing BCCs of the trunk and extremities, and the less‐pigmented subtype because of lower sensitivity. A certain amount of experience is required to improve the skills for dermoscopy.
Viscoacoustic least‐squares reverse‐time migration of different‐order free‐surface multiples
Authors: Li Jinli , Qu Yingming , Li Mengjie , Li Zhenchun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMultiples have longer propagation paths and smaller reflection angles than primaries for the same source–receiver combination, so they cover a larger illumination area. Therefore, multiples can be used to image shadow zones of primaries. Least‐squares reverse‐time migration of multiples can produce high‐quality images with fewer artefacts, high resolution and balanced amplitudes. However, viscoelasticity exists widely in the earth, especially in the deep‐sea environment, and the influence of Q attenuation on multiples is much more serious than primaries due to multiples have longer paths. To compensate for Q attenuation of multiples, Q‐compensated least‐squares reverse‐time migration of different‐order multiples is proposed by deriving viscoacoustic Born modelling operators, adjoint operators and demigration operators for different‐order multiples. Based on inversion theory, this method compensates for Q attenuation along all the propagation paths of multiples. Examples of a simple four‐layer model, a modified attenuating Sigsbee2B model and a field data set suggest that the proposed method can produce better imaging results than Q‐compensated least‐squares reverse‐time migration of primaries and regular least‐squares reverse‐time migration of multiples.
An integrative insight into the synsacral canal of fossil and extant Antarctic penguins
Authors: JADWISZCZAK Piotr , SVENSSON‐MARCIAL Anders , MÖRS Thomas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe lumbosacral‐canal system in birds most likely operates as a sense organ involved in the control of balanced walking and perching, but our knowledge of it is superficial. Penguins constitute interesting objects for the study of this system due to their upright walking, but only the Humboldt penguin, Spheniscus humboldti, and some incomplete fossil penguin synsacra have been studied in this respect. Here, we give an integrative comparative insight into the synsacral canal of extant Emperor penguin, Aptenodytes forsteri, Adelie penguin, Pygoscelis adeliae, and Eocene giant Anthropornis and/or Palaeeudyptes Antarctic penguins, using computed tomography imaging and associated data‐extraction methodologies, complemented by analytical approaches ranging from geometric morphometrics to modularity, curvature, and wavelet analyses. We document that the variability in the number of synsacro‐lumbar vertebrae is evolutionarily conserved, and all studied synsacra possess osteological correlates of the lumbosacral‐canal system. We also found that Eocene and extant Antarctic penguins were separable on the basis of the main direction of the shape‐related (size‐independent) variability within said system, and A. forsteri was unique in the entire studied set in terms of the relative cranial shift of this compound structure. Moreover, we suggest that the evolutionary processes, shaping both the terrestrial posture and gait, were responsible, in extant penguins, for the increased simplicity and stability of the synsacral canal cross‐sectional periodic patterns, as well as pave the way for the lumbosacral‐canal system modularity characterized by reduced atomization/complexity.
Estimating upper percentiles of surface water monitoring data with sparse samples
Authors: Mosquin Paul L. , Aldworth Jeremy , Kott Phillip S. , Chen Wenlin , Grant Shanique 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe estimation of upper percentiles of chemical concentrations in surface water systems within sites and regions may be necessary for the assessment of potential risk to ecosystems and human health. Limited sample sizes at monitoring sites often limit the use of direct methods to estimate upper percentiles. In such cases, upper percentiles within regions within a time frame may be estimated by pooling data across sites and years, and then deriving percentile estimates from the pooled dataset. The method uses the observations resulting from either a known probability‐sampling design or a sampling design treated like one because its observations come close to matching that of a probability‐sample. These observations are then weighted to ensure that estimates are representative of a target population across all the sites within the region and the range of years in the time frame. This method of estimating upper percentiles of annual site concentration profiles is demonstrated using atrazine and validated using the monitoring data from both sparsely sampled and high‐frequency water monitoring programs, where point and interval estimates of the 90th, 95th, and 99th pooled population percentiles are provided. This method shows that the pooled data from multiple sparse datasets can be used to provide estimates of near‐peak concentrations with greater certainty, which are consistent with those generated by high‐frequency sampling monitoring programs.
Assessment of the benefits of climate model weights for ensemble analysis in three urban precipitation frequency studies
Authors: Grady Kevin , Markus Momcilo , Wu Shu , Wang Fuyao , Koric Seid 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn hydrology, projected climate change impact assessment studies typically rely on ensembles of downscaled climate model outputs. Due to large modeling uncertainties, the ensembles are often averaged to provide a basis for studying the effects of climate change. A key issue when analyzing averages of a climate model ensemble is whether to weight all models in the ensemble equally, often referred to as the equal‐weights or unweighted approach, or to use a weighted approach, where, in general, each model would have a different weight. Many studies have advocated for the latter, based on the assumption that models that are better at simulating the past, that is, the models with higher hindcast accuracy, will give more accurate forecasts for the future and thus should receive higher weights. To examine this issue, observed and modeled daily precipitation frequency (PF) estimates for three urban areas in the United States, namely Boston, Massachusetts; Houston, Texas; and Chicago, Illinois, were analyzed. The comparison used the raw output of 24 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models. The PFs from these models were compared with the observed PFs for a specific historical training period to determine model weights for each area. The unweighted and weighted averaged model PFs from a more recent testing period were then compared with their corresponding observed PFs to determine if weights improved the estimates. These comparisons indeed showed that the weighted averages were closer to the observed values than the unweighted averages in nearly all cases. The study also demonstrated how weights can help reduce model spread in future climate projections by comparing the unweighted and weighted ensemble standard deviations in these projections. In all studied scenarios, the weights actually reduced the standard deviations compared to the equal‐weights approach. Finally, an analysis of the results' sensitivity to the areal reduction factor used to allow comparisons between point station measurements and grid‐box averages is provided.
ploidyfrost: Reference‐free estimation of ploidy level from whole genome sequencing data based on de Bruijn graphs
Authors: Sun Mingzhu , Pang Erli , Bai Wei‐Ning , Zhang Da‐Yong , Lin Kui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPolyploidy is ubiquitous and its consequences are complex and variable. A change of ploidy level generally influences genetic diversity and results in morphological, physiological and ecological differences between cells or organisms with different ploidy levels. To avoid cumbersome experiments and take advantage of the less biased information provided by the vast amounts of genome sequencing data, computational tools for ploidy estimation are urgently needed. Until now, although a few such tools have been developed, many aspects of this estimation, such as the requirement of a reference genome, the lack of informative results and objective inferences, and the influence of false positives from errors and repeats, need further improvement. We have developed ploidyfrost, a de Bruijn graph‐based method, to estimate ploidy levels from whole genome sequencing data sets without a reference genome. ploidyfrost provides a visual representation of allele frequency distribution generated using the ggplot2 package as well as quantitative results using the Gaussian mixture model. In addition, it takes advantage of colouring information encoded in coloured de Bruijn graphs to analyse multiple samples simultaneously and to flexibly filter putative false positives. We evaluated the performance of ploidyfrost by analysing highly heterozygous or repetitive samples of Cyclocarya paliurus and a complex allooctoploid sample of Fragaria × ananassa. Moreover, we demonstrated that the accuracy of analysis results can be improved by constraining a threshold such as Cramér's V coefficient on variant features, which may significantly reduce the side effects of sequencing errors and annoying repeats on the graphical structure constructed.
snpR: User friendly population genomics for SNP data sets with categorical metadata
Authors: Hemstrom William , Jones Melissa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe analysis of genomic data can be an intimidating process, particularly for researchers who are not experienced programmers. Commonly used analyses are spread across many programs, each requiring their own specific input formats, and so data must often be repeatedly reorganized and transformed into new formats. Analyses often require splitting data according to metadata variables such as population or family, which can be challenging to manage in large data sets. Here, we introduce snpR, a user‐friendly data analysis package in R for processing SNP genomic data. snpR is designed to automate data subsetting and analyses across categorical metadata while also streamlining repeated analyses by integrating approaches contained in many different packages in a single ecosystem. snpR facilitates iterative and efficient analyses centred on a single R object for an entire analysis pipeline.
Management of DNA reference libraries for barcoding and metabarcoding studies with the R package refdb
Authors: Keck François , Altermatt Florian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDNA barcoding and metabarcoding are revolutionizing the study and survey of biodiversity. In order to assign taxonomic labels to the DNA sequence data retrieved, these methods are strongly dependent on comprehensive and accurate reference databases. Producing reliable databases linking biological sequences and taxonomic data can be—and often has been—done using mainstream tools such as spreadsheet software. However, spreadsheets quickly become insufficient when the amount of data increases to thousands of taxa and sequences to be matched, and validation operations become more complex and are error prone if done in a manual way. Thus, there is a clear need for providing scientists with user‐friendly, reliable and powerful tools to manipulate and manage DNA reference databases in tractable, sound and efficient ways. Here, we introduce the R package refdb as an environment for semi‐automatic and assisted construction of DNA reference libraries. The refdb package is a reference database manager offering a set of powerful functions to import, organize, clean, filter, audit and export the data. It is broadly applicable in metabarcoding data generally obtained in biodiversity and biomonitoring studies. We present the main features of the package and outline how refdb can speed up reference database generation, management and handling, and thus contribute to standardization and repeatability in barcoding and metabarcoding studies.
Proceeding through Colonial Past‐Presents in Fieldwork: Methodological Lessons on Accountability, Refusal, and Autonomy
Authors: Smyth Araby 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article examines how the colonial past manifests within the present through an analysis of ethnographic and archival fieldwork. Drawing on feminist geographic scholarship for decolonising knowledge production, I argue that geographers have a responsibility to the people they work with and the places where they conduct research to know what came before. Through an analysis of how the colonial past surfaced in everyday and ongoing experiences of negotiating consent during fieldwork, I show how reflecting on the colonial past‐present offers insights into the colonial power geometries of knowledge production. Proceeding through the colonial past‐present offers useful lessons on being accountable to people and lands, recognising refusal, and making autonomy. While this article is focused on my experiences as a white settler scholar from the USA who did research in a Mixe community in Oaxaca, Mexico, proceeding through colonial past‐presents offers lessons to any and all geographers who struggle to unsettle the persistent colonial power geometries of knowledge production.
Associations between transient and chronic loneliness, and depression, in the understanding society study
Authors: Wolska Katarzyna , Creaven Ann‐Marie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesLoneliness has a long‐established link with depression; however, patterns of loneliness, specifically transient (short‐term) and chronic loneliness (longer‐term), have seldom been researched in terms of their associations with depression and psychiatric distress. We investigated whether chronic loneliness could predict higher levels of psychiatric distress and higher chance of depression diagnosis (via self‐report) than transient and no loneliness.MethodsWe used data from 18,999 participants in Waves 9 and 10 of the Understanding Society survey: a nationally representative study of adults in the United Kingdom. The study used a between‐subjects, cross‐sectional, design, where participants' scores on loneliness measures across two time points were combined to form patterns of loneliness, and participants were compared on their levels of psychiatric distress and depression diagnoses across the three loneliness groups: chronic loneliness (lonely at both time points), transient loneliness (lonely at one time point) and no loneliness.ResultsRegression analyses revealed that patterns of loneliness predicted both the likelihood of participants reporting a history of depression diagnosis and participants' levels of psychiatric distress. The chronic loneliness group had the highest likelihood of self‐reported depression diagnosis and had the highest levels of psychiatric distress, compared to both the transient and no loneliness groups. Transient loneliness, in turn, predicted higher likelihood of reporting a history of depression diagnosis and higher levels of psychiatric distress than the no loneliness group.ConclusionsThe study replicates and extends prior findings, suggesting that prolonged loneliness even over the course of one year is a risk factor for poorer mental health.
Polyphenols as potential metabolism mechanisms regulators in liver protection and liver cancer prevention
Authors: Li Shuangfeng , Yin Shuangshuang , Ding Hui , Shao Yingying , Zhou Shiyue , Pu Weiling , Han Lifeng , Wang Tao , Yu Haiyang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundLiver cancer is one of the common malignancies. The dysregulation of metabolism is a driver of accelerated tumourigenesis. Metabolic changes are well documented to maintain tumour growth, proliferation and survival.Recently, a variety of polyphenols have been shown to have a crucial role both in liver disease prevention and metabolism regulation.MethodsWe conducted a literature search and combined recent data with systematic analysis to comprehensively describe the molecular mechanisms that link polyphenols to metabolic regulation and their contribution in liver protection and liver cancer prevention.ResultsTargeting metabolic dysregulation in organisms prevents and resists the development of liver cancer, which has important implications for identifying new therapeutic strategies for the management and treatment of cancer. Polyphenols are a class of complex compounds composed of multiple phenolic hydroxyl groups and are the main active ingredients of many natural plants. They mediate a broad spectrum of biological and pharmacological functions containing complex lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, iron metabolism, intestinal flora imbalance, as well as the direct interaction of their metabolites with key cell‐signalling proteins. A large number of studies have found that polyphenols affect the metabolism of organisms by interfering with a variety of intracellular signals, thereby protecting the liver and reducing the risk of liver cancer.ConclusionThis review systematically illustrates that various polyphenols, including resveratrol, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, dihydromyricetin, quercetin, catechins, curcumin, etc., improve metabolic disorders through direct or indirect pathways to protect the liver and fight liver cancer.
Differences in nomenclature usage and preference among dermatopathologists for “dysplastic” nevi: A national survey
Authors: Green Austin R. , Moshiri Ata , Hippe Daniel S. , Raymundo Caroline , Piepkorn Michael , Shinohara Michi M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundOngoing controversy exists regarding terminology used to describe atypical melanocytic nevi. Efforts to standardize nomenclature, including the 1992 NIH consensus conference, have been largely unsuccessful. Significant advances have revealed an increasingly detailed genetic picture of melanocytic neoplasms, including strong evidence for the existence of those with “intermediate” behavior.MethodsWe sent an electronic survey to dermatopathologists (n = 846) to assess trends in nomenclature usage and attitudes toward developing new consensus nomenclature for atypical melanocytic nevi.ResultsThere were 229 complete responses (27.1% response rate). The most used/preferred nomenclature was “dysplastic nevus” (43%/39%, respectively), followed by the NIH‐recommended terminology (28%/26%). Three‐tier grading systems were most heavily used/preferred (79%/63%). Dermatopathologists based in New England were most likely to use the NIH terminology; on the other hand, “dysplastic nevus” or “other” were most used elsewhere (p = 0.029). Most (76%) expressed at least “moderate” enthusiasm for developing consensus nomenclature, with 47% “very” or “extremely” enthusiastic.ConclusionLittle has changed with the wide variation in terminology for atypical melanocytic nevi. There continues to be no one dominant terminology in use. However, there is enthusiasm for standardization. A new attempt at updated consensus nomenclature may be fruitful.