bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the sustainability of high strength concrete in terms of embodied energy and carbon emission by incorporating sewage sludge and fly ash
Authors: Kumar Mithesh , Prashant Shreelaxmi , Kamath Muralidhar V. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper discusses the properties of dried sewage sludge (SS) and its influence on the microstructure development of HVFA concrete when used as a partial replacement of binder material. A detailed characterization of dried sludge samples collected from a sewage treatment plant is carried out using XRF, XRD, TGA, and FTIR techniques. HVFA concrete mix is designed for 50 MPa with 50% fly ash of the total binder content. Sludge is ground to a particle size of 150 µ and 75 µ and replaced at levels of 5%, 10%, and 15% of the total binder content. The strength activity index of the dried sludge sample is acceptable as per standards. Taking concrete mixes with HVFA as a reference, the fresh properties of binder paste and concrete with sewage sludge have been studied. Mechanical properties that define the applicability to various infrastructure projects are reported for all the studied mixes. EI, CI, COST per unit compressive strength for all mixes are also determined to comment on the environmental impact of the use of SS in concrete. The compressive strength of concrete specimens decreases with the increase in replacement level of SS. However, in comparison with OPC concrete, 75 µm SS at 5% replacement level concrete mechanical strength is within the acceptable limit for M50 concrete mix. The addition of SS as a binder to the concrete has a lower environmental impact, embodied energy, CO2emission, and cost per unit strength. But more than 10% replacement level resulted in reducing CS, FS, and STS by 11.17%, 6.23%, and 6.99%.Graphical abstract
Photonics (Er,CR:YSGG and photobiomodulation) versus conventional surgery for impacted lower third molar tooth extraction: a split-mouth, controlled randomized clinical study
Authors: Aria Saleh Anvaria , Gomes Thiago Pallin , Gutknecht Norbert , Marques Márcia Martins 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Impacted third molars occur commonly and often require surgery for tooth extraction. As consequence, postoperative complications of varying degrees of severity are commonly seen. Thus, searching for less traumatic surgeries protocols is of importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of impacted lower third molar teeth extraction using traditional protocol (scapples and surgical burs) or photonics protocol [Er,CR:YSGG associated with photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT)].

Methods
Thirty-five patients with bilateral impacted mandibular third molars were included in this split-mouth, controlled, and randomized clinical study. Seventy impacted third molars were divided into control group: extraction using traditional surgical scapples for soft tissue and burs for bone cutting or photonics group: extraction using Er,CR:YSGG laser (2780 nm) for soft tissue and bone cutting followed by PBMT (940-nm diode laser). The maximum mouth aperture (MMA) before and after extraction was used for comparing the surgeries’ outcomes.

Results
Immediately after surgery, the MMA for the control group remained unchanged and decreased significantly at 7 days after surgery. In the photonics group, the MMA remained unchanged during whole experimental time.

Conclusion
The presented photonics protocol (Er,CR:YSGG laser plus PBMT) for third molar extraction prevents impairment of the maximum mouth aperture.
Visualizing the Off-Screen Evolution of Trajectories
Authors: Forsch Axel , Amann Friederike , Haunert Jan-Henrik 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the context of volunteered geographic information, large sets of trajectories of humans and animals are collected. Analyzing these trajectories visually is often complicated due to limited display sizes. For instance, when a user chooses a large map scale to inspect the details of a trajectory, only a small part of the trajectory is visible in the map. Therefore, in this article, we present an approach for visualizing the off-screen evolution of trajectories, i.e., their continuation outside of the displayed map. We propose visual cues in the form of glyphs that are displayed at the map’s boundary and that consist of one or multiple disk sectors of varying size and opening angle. These glyphs indicate the direction and variability of direction of a trajectory’s continuation outside the map frame. We present an algorithm for computing the glyphs efficiently and evaluate them in a user study. The results show that the glyphs are intuitive to understand even without explanation. We further present suggestions for improving the glyph design based on the results.
Meaningful human control: actionable properties for AI system development
Authors: Cavalcante Siebert Luciano , Lupetti Maria Luce , Aizenberg Evgeni , Beckers Niek , Zgonnikov Arkady , Veluwenkamp Herman , Abbink David , Giaccardi Elisa , Houben Geert-Jan , Jonker Catholijn M. , van den Hoven Jeroen , Forster Deborah , Lagendijk Reginald L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHow can humans remain in control of artificial intelligence (AI)-based systems designed to perform tasks autonomously? Such systems are increasingly ubiquitous, creating benefits - but also undesirable situations where moral responsibility for their actions cannot be properly attributed to any particular person or group. The concept of meaningful human control has been proposed to address responsibility gaps and mitigate them by establishing conditions that enable a proper attribution of responsibility for humans; however, clear requirements for researchers, designers, and engineers are yet inexistent, making the development of AI-based systems that remain under meaningful human control challenging. In this paper, we address the gap between philosophical theory and engineering practice by identifying, through an iterative process of abductive thinking, four actionable properties for AI-based systems under meaningful human control, which we discuss making use of two applications scenarios: automated vehicles and AI-based hiring. First, a system in which humans and AI algorithms interact should have an explicitly defined domain of morally loaded situations within which the system ought to operate. Second, humans and AI agents within the system should have appropriate and mutually compatible representations. Third, responsibility attributed to a human should be commensurate with that human’s ability and authority to control the system. Fourth, there should be explicit links between the actions of the AI agents and actions of humans who are aware of their moral responsibility. We argue that these four properties will support practically minded professionals to take concrete steps toward designing and engineering for AI systems that facilitate meaningful human control.
Low molecular weight protein phosphatase APH mediates tyrosine dephosphorylation and ABA response in Arabidopsis.
Authors: Du Yanyan , Xie Shaojun , Wang Yubei , Ma Yu , Jia Bei , Liu Xue , Rong Jingkai , Li Rongxia , Zhu Xiaohong , Song Chun-Peng , Tao W. Andy , Wang Pengcheng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLow molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LWM-PTP), also known as acid phosphatase, is a highly conserved tyrosine phosphatase in living organisms. However, the function of LWM-PTP homolog has not been reported yet in plants. Here, we revealed a homolog of acid phosphatase, APH, in Arabidopsis plants, is a functional protein tyrosine phosphatase. The aph mutants are hyposensitive to ABA in post-germination growth. We performed an anti-phosphotyrosine antibody-based quantitative phosphoproteomics in wild-type and aph mutant and identified hundreds of putative targets of APH, including multiple splicing factors and other transcriptional regulators. Consistently, RNA-seq analysis revealed that the expression of ABA-highly-responsive genes is suppressed in aph mutants. Thus, APH regulates the ABA-responsive gene expressions by regulating the tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple splicing factors and other post-transcriptional regulators. We also revealed that Tyr383 in RAF9, a member of B2 and B3 RAF kinases that phosphorylate and activate SnRK2s in the ABA signaling pathway, is a direct target site of APH. Phosphorylation of Tyr383 is essential for RAF9 activity. Our results uncovered a crucial function of APH in ABA-induced tyrosine phosphorylation in Arabidopsis.
Post-Traumatic Gliomas in Adults: Review of the Case Reports and Studies
Authors: Heinzelmann Morgan , Pan Edward 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) was first proposed as a potential risk factor for developing a glioma in the 1800s, and conditions for establishing a causal relationship between brain injury and gliomas have since been proposed. Given the medical and legal ramifications, the current literature was reviewed to better understand this possible association. Articles that examined the relationship between TBI and glioma formation in adults and were published in English between 1978 and 2022 were reviewed. There were 19 case reports of 25 patients and 16 observational studies. The case reports describe glioma formation at the precise site of prior brain injury in continuity with traumatic scar; the observational studies report conflicting findings, but they largely demonstrate no association. Most of the observational studies are limited by their retrospective nature, but we identified one prospective cohort study which found a positive association. Altogether, we suggest that glioma formation after TBI is a rare occurrence that warrants further study.
Assessment of Vulnerability to the Covid-19 Pandemic in the Central African Sub-region
Authors: Tazemda-Kuitsouc Gildas Boris , Kuitsouc Dominique , Djuikoue Cécile Ingrid , Nwaha-Makon Axel Stephane , Tagne-Kamga Celestin , Kuitsouc-Domkam Rolline , Keubou-Kuematsa Celine , Nkafu Gabriel Belefeh , Tuono Romaric , Man-Koumba Soumahoro , Tchokonte-Nana Venant , Kaptue Noche Lazare , Tambo Ernest , Ndebia Eugene Jamot 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjective:This study was aimed at examining the vulnerability of Central Africa to the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods:Demographic, health, and socio-economic indicators were used to describe the vulnerability. The study period was from December 31st, 2019 to May 31st, 2020 (i.e. 5 months after the start of the pandemic).Results:According to demographic indicators, African populations appear younger than in Europe, Asia, and North America, where evidence showed a higher lethality of COVID-19 and a higher frequency of hospitalization among the elderly. This highlights the protective effect of the age structure of Central African populations. Their populations face significant vulnerability from high morbidity and a considerable deficit in health care facilities and services. Poverty indicators are not in their favour for a sustainable implementation of effective pandemic control measures. Very low literacy rates in some countries, misinformation, and belief in conspiracy theories could affect the community involvement in the response. Several countries are weakened by other humanitarian crises, including conflicts and other epidemics. The early easing of lockdown restrictions in certain countries could worsen the situation.Conclusion:In this sub-region, where the largest proportion of the population lives in poverty, poor sanitary conditions, conflicts, and humanitarian crises, the question of standards of prevention could appear to be a luxurious idea relegated to the background. Central African countries need financial and logistical support for a sustainable and effective response. These observations could be easily extrapolated to other sub-Saharan sub-regions.
Minding the manner: attention to motion events in Turkish–Dutch early bilinguals
Authors: Kamenetski Anna , Lai Vicky Tzuyin , Flecken Monique 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLanguages differ in the way motion events are encoded. In satellite-framed languages, motion verbs typically encode manner, while in verb-framed languages, path. We investigated the ways in which satellite-framed Dutch and verb-framed Turkish co-determine one’s attention to motion events in early bilinguals. In an EEG oddball paradigm, Turkish–Dutch bilinguals (n = 25) and Dutch controls (n = 27) watched short video clips of motion events, followed by a still picture that matched the preceding video in four ways (oddball design: 10% full match, 10% manner match, 10% endpoint match, and 70% full mismatch). We found that both groups showed similar oddball P300 effects, associated with task-related attention. Group differences were revealed in a late positivity (LP): The endpoint-match elicited a larger LP than the manner-match in the bilinguals, which may reflect language-driven attention. Our results indicate that cross-linguistic manner encoding difference impacts attention at a later stage.
Upper arm length and knee height are associated with diabetes in the middle-aged and elderly: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Authors: He Bingjie , Li Zhengyang , Xu Lu , Liu Lili , Wang Shengfeng , Zhan Siyan , Song Yongfeng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjective:To determine if limb lengths, as markers of early life environment, are associated with the risk of diabetes in China.Design:We performed a cohort analysis using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), and multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to examine the associations between baseline limb lengths and subsequent risk of diabetes.Setting:The CHARLS, 2011–2018.Participants:The study confined the eligible subject to 10 711 adults aged over 45 years from the CHARLS.Results:During a mean follow-up period of 6·13 years, 1358 cases of incident diabetes were detected. When controlling for potential covariates, upper arm length was inversely related to diabetes (hazard ratio (HR) 0·95, 95 % CI (0·91, 0·99), P = 0·028), and for every 1-cm difference in knee height, the risk of diabetes decreased by about 4 % (HR 0·96, 95 % CI (0·93, 0·99), P = 0·023). The association between upper arm length and diabetes was only significant among females while the association between knee height and diabetes was only significant among males. In analyses stratified by BMI, significant associations between upper arm length/knee height and diabetes only existed among those who were underweight (HR 0·91, 95 % CI (0·83, 1·00), P = 0·049, HR 0·92, 95 % CI (0·86, 0·99), P = 0·031).Conclusions:Inverse associations were observed between upper arm length, knee height and the risk for diabetes development in a large Asian population, suggesting early life environment, especially infant nutritional status, may play an important role in the determination of future diabetes risk.
Cardiac Disease, Depression, and Suicide Risk by Age
Authors: Cui Ruifeng , Shalaby Alaa , Rotondi Armando , Albright Amy , Callan Judith 
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Cardiovascular disease is associated with depression and suicide risk, although there is only limited research available on whether these associations differ by age. This short report examined age differences in associations between cardiovascular disease, depression, and suicide risk. The sample consisted of 301 younger adults (aged 18–40 years) and 432 older adults (aged 60+ years) recruited through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. The results show that older adults had more cardiovascular diagnoses, whereas younger adults with cardiovascular diagnoses had more depression symptomatology and suicide risk. Associations between cardiovascular disease (one or more diagnoses vs. no diagnoses) and mental health were moderated by age ( p < .05 for Age × Cardiovascular interaction predicting depression and predicting suicide risk). The findings highlight the importance of assessing and addressing mental-health concerns among cardiovascular patients, especially in younger demographics.
Atmospheric Triggers of the Brunt Ice Shelf Calving in February 2021
Authors: Francis Diana , Fonseca Ricardo , Mattingly Kyle S. , Marsh Oliver J. , Lhermitte Stef , Cherif Charfeddine 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe calving of Antarctic ice shelves remains unpredictable to date due to a lack of understanding of the role of the different climatic components in such events. In this study, the role of atmospheric forcing in the calving of the Brunt Ice Shelf (BIS) in February 2021 is investigated using a combination of observational and reanalysis data. The occurrence of a series of extreme cyclones around the time of the calving induced an oceanward sea‐surface slope of >0.08° leading to the calving along a pre‐existing rift. The severe storms were sustained by the development of a pressure dipole on both sides of the BIS associated with a La Niña event and the positive phase of the Southern Annular Mode. Poleward advection of warm and moist low‐latitude air over the BIS area just before the calving was also observed in association with atmospheric rivers accompanying the cyclones. Immediately after the calving, strong offshore winds continued and promoted the drift of the iceberg A‐74 in the Weddell Sea at a speed up to 700 m day−1. This study highlights the contribution of local atmospheric conditions to ice‐shelf dynamics. The link to the larger scale circulation patterns indicates that both need to be accounted for in the projections of Antarctic ice shelf evolution.
The Impact of Wettability on Dynamic Fluid Connectivity and Flow Transport Kinetics in Porous Media
Authors: Nhunduru Rumbidzai A. E. , Jahanbakhsh Amir , Shahrokhi Omid , Wlodarczyk Krystian L. , Garcia Susana , Maroto‐Valer M. Mercedes 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUsually, models describing flow and transport for sub‐surface engineering processes at the Darcy‐scale do not take into consideration the effects of pore‐scale flow regimes and fluid connectivity on average flow functions. In this article, we investigate the impact of wettability on pore‐scale flow regimes. We show that fluid connectivity at the pore scale has a significant impact on average flow kinetics and therefore its contribution should not be ignored. Immiscible two‐phase flow simulations were performed in a two‐dimensional model of a Berea sandstone rock for wettability conditions ranging from moderately water‐wet to strongly oil‐wet. The simulation results show that wettability has a strong impact on invading fluid phase connectivity, which subsequently influences flow transport resistance. The effect of invading‐phase connectivity and ganglion dynamics (GD) on two‐phase displacement kinetics was also investigated. It was found that invading phase connectivity decreases away from the neutrally wet (intermediate wet) state. This study provides evidence that GD accelerate fluid flow transport kinetics during immiscible displacement processes. Lastly, the impact of wettability on fluid displacement efficiency and residual saturations was investigated. Maximum displacement efficiency occurred at the neutrally wet state.
Development of a New Pedotransfer Function Addressing Limitations in Soil Hydraulic Models and Observations
Authors: Wang Yunquan , Zhou Jieliang , Ma Rui , Zhu Gaofeng , Zhang Yongyong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe most applied pedotransfer functions (PTFs) often suffer from two main limitations: (a) the soil hydraulic models (SHMs) only account for capillary forces and/or the models show an unrealistic decrease near saturation for fine‐textured soils; (b) the observations of soil hydraulic properties (SHPs) used to generate the PTF generally do not cover very dry conditions. In this paper, we first present a simple method for predicting SHPs in the dry range from soil texture information. Together with measurements that cover only a relatively high matric potential range, the method yielded a good prediction of the complete SHPs from saturation to oven dryness. With this method, we extended a public dataset to cover dry conditions, and then applied it to develop a new PTF for a SHM that accounts for both capillary and adsorption forces and overcomes the unrealistic decrease near saturation for fine‐textured soils. A comparison with other PTF that was developed for the capillary‐based soil hydraulic model showed that the new PTF provided the most accurate predictions of SHPs. It reduced the root‐mean‐square‐error value from 0.055 to 0.045 cm3 cm−3 in predicting water content and from 0.84 to 0.66 log10 (cm d−1) in predicting hydraulic conductivity. We further applied this method to extend an existing capillary‐based PTF to dry conditions. The results showed an improved performance, with reported RMSE reduced from 0.058 (original) to 0.056 (extended) cm3 cm−3 and from 1.43 (original) to 1.20 (extended) log10 (cm d−1) for prediction of water content and hydraulic conductivity, respectively.
Apoptotic priming is defined by the dynamic exchange of Bcl-2 proteins between mitochondria and cytosol
Authors: King Louise E. , Rodriguez-Enriquez Ricardo , Pedley Robert , Mellor Charlotte E. L. , Wang Pengbo , Zindy Egor , White Michael R. H. , Brennan Keith , Gilmore Andrew P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractApoptosis is regulated by interactions between the BH3-only and multi-domain Bcl-2 family proteins. These interactions are integrated on the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) where they set the threshold for apoptosis, known as mitochondrial priming. However, how mitochondrial priming is controlled at the level of single cells remains unclear. Retrotranslocation of Bcl-XL has been proposed as one mechanism, removing pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins from the OMM, thus reducing priming. Contrary to this view, we now show that Bcl-XL retrotranslocation is inhibited by binding to its BH3-only partners, resulting in accumulation of these protein complexes on mitochondria. We find that Bcl-XL retrotranslocation dynamics are tightly coupled to mitochondrial priming. Quantifying these dynamics indicates the heterogeneity in priming between cells within a population and predicts how they subsequently respond to a pro-apoptotic signal.
Synovial mesenchymal progenitor derived aggrecan regulates cartilage homeostasis and endogenous repair capacity
Authors: Krawetz Roman J. , Wu Yiru Elizabeth , Bertram Karri L. , Shonak Anchita , Masson Anand O. , Ren Guomin , Leonard Catherine , Kapoor Mohit , Matyas John R. , Salo Paul T. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAggrecan is a critical component of the extracellular matrix of all cartilages. One of the early hallmarks of osteoarthritis (OA) is the loss of aggrecan from articular cartilage followed by degeneration of the tissue. Mesenchymal progenitor cell (MPC) populations in joints, including those in the synovium, have been hypothesized to play a role in the maintenance and/or repair of cartilage, however, the mechanism by which this may occur is unknown. In the current study, we have uncovered that aggrecan is secreted by synovial MPCs from healthy joints yet accumulates inside synovial MPCs within OA joints. Using human synovial biopsies and a rat model of OA, we established that this observation in aggrecan metabolism also occurs in vivo. Moreover, the loss of the “anti-proteinase” molecule alpha-2 macroglobulin (A2M) inhibits aggrecan secretion in OA synovial MPCs, whereas overexpressing A2M rescues the normal secretion of aggrecan. Using mice models of OA and cartilage repair, we have demonstrated that intra-articular injection of aggrecan into OA joints inhibits cartilage degeneration and stimulates cartilage repair respectively. Furthermore, when synovial MPCs overexpressing aggrecan were transplanted into injured joints, increased cartilage regeneration was observed vs. wild-type MPCs or MPCs with diminished aggrecan expression. Overall, these results suggest that aggrecan secreted from joint-associated MPCs may play a role in tissue homeostasis and repair of synovial joints.