bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Somatization symptoms—prevalence and risk, stress and resilience factors among medical and dental students at a mid-sized German university
Authors: Feussner Oskar , Rehnisch Carolin , Rabkow Nadja , Watzke Stefan 
Published: August 2022

Objective
Previous studies have shown that an increased prevalence of mental illness can be found among medical and dental students. Among these, somatization symptoms are severely understudied. The present study examined the prevalence of somatization symptoms in a subpopulation of medical and dental students and aimed at finding associated risk and resilience factors.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-reporting questionnaire, including the SOMS-2, the Becks-Depression-Inventory-II (BDI-II), the NEO-Five-Factor-Inventory, and a questionnaire on socio-demographics for possible risk and resilience factors. A total of 271 medical and dental students of a mid-sized German university completed the questionnaire.

Results
The Somatization index yielded a mean of 9.12 symptoms for the total sample, which is 1.2 SD higher than the reported norm. A total of 50.7% of the medical students and 63.6% of the dental students transcend a critical somatization score. Significant positive associations for eight general risk factors, four university related stress factors, and a significant negative association for seven resilience factors were found.

Conclusion
Medical and even more dental students at the studied university showed a high burden of somatoform complaints. Also, factors were found that could be of etiological relevance and others that could be used to enhance resilience. Both could present an opportunity for the prevention of somatization disorders but prospective and multicenter studies with an aged-matched comparison group are needed to obtain a more accurate overview.
Fanya juu Terraces Improve Maize (Zea mays L.) and Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) Grain Yields on Hardsetting Soils of Semi-arid Eastern Kenya
Authors: N. Njiru Emerita , K. Gachene Charles , W. Baaru Mary 
Published: August 2022

Aims: Fanya juu terraces are constructed by digging a ditch and throwing the soil up-slope with the sole purpose of maintaining an embankment to slow down runoff flow. The effect of the terraces on crop yields along the slope varies with the soil type. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Fanya juu terraces on maize (Zea mays L.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) yields and how these yields differ with slope positions and depth of the ditches.
Study Design: Split-split plot design with four replications.
Place and Duration of Study: The trial was established on Luvisols in Mua location, Machakos County in Eastern Kenya at 37o15’E 1o29’S and 37o15’E 1o29’S during both long rain (LR) and short rain (SR) seasons of 2014 and 2015 (February 2014 to March 2015).
Methodology: Treatments consisted of three ditch depths (60 cm, 30 cm and 0 cm (control)) in the main plots and three cropping systems (maize/bean intercrop, sole maize and sole bean) in the sub plots. Grain yields were compared across the seasons at the upper, middle and lower slope positions of the terraces using analysis of variance and means separated using least significant difference at P≤0.05.
Results: There were significant differences in maize grain yields in the interactions of ditch depth and slope position (P=0.004) and ditch depth and season (P<0.001). Higher maize yields were realized when ditches were constructed than in the control. Yields increased from the lower to the upper slope position of the terraces with 30 cm ditch by 49.8% and in the 60 cm by 41.6%. Average yields from treatments with 30 cm ditch were significantly higher than from the control but non-significant from those in the 60 cm ditch. Significant differences (P=0.037) in bean grain yields were observed in interactions of ditch depth and slope position. Higher yields were obtained from the lower position of the 30 cm ditch than the middle and upper positions. Significant differences (P=0.033) were also found in interactions of ditch depths, cropping systems and seasons.
Conclusion: The results indicate that Fanya juu terraces had a significant effect on crop yields on hardsetting soils. The study recommends construction of Fanya juu terraces with a ditch depth of 30 cm and intensive management of the lower slope position for improved maize and bean production on hardsetting soils in marginal areas.
Revealing the Adverse Effects of Trace Amount Broad‐Spectrum Antimicrobial: a Direct and Sensitive Visualization Method Based on Carbon Nanoprobe
Authors: Geng Xin , Guo Yifei , Wang Ying , Zhai Yongxin , Xu Beining , Qu Lingbo , Li Zhaohui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe widespread use of broad‐spectrum antimicrobials has accelerated their entry into aquatic environment, which in turn can adversely affect aquatic organisms and humans, especially in the COVID‐19 outbreak and the post‐pandemic era. For early detection and intervention of adverse effects, this study develops a new carbon nanoprobe (CNP) that can reveal the adverse effects of trace amount triclosan (TCS), a commonly used broad‐spectrum antimicrobial (BSA), through a direct visualization method. CNP has excellent fluorescent properties and strong positive charges, which can be applied as fluorescent indicator and trapped in mitochondria by electrostatic attraction. The highly sensitive responsiveness of CNP to mitochondrial membrane potential ensures the visualization method can be used for monitoring the adverse effects of TCS. The trace amount TCS monitoring is achieved according to the decrease of fluorescence signal in mitochondria and the change of mitochondrial morphological structure from lines to dots. Moreover, monitoring TCS level in aquatic organisms of zebrafish is further realized. Compared with the morphological toxicity test, this visualizing strategy reveals the adverse effects in organisms under low‐dose TCS exposure more sensitively. This developed highly sensitive nanoprobe is cruical for direct BSA monitoring and thus prevents the harm of BSA to aquatic organisms and humans.
Prospects for Simultaneously Capturing Carbon Dioxide and Harvesting Water from Air
Authors: Dods Matthew N. , Weston Simon C. , Long Jeffrey R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMitigation of anthropogenic climate change is expected to require large‐scale deployment of carbon dioxide removal strategies. Prominent among these strategies is direct air capture with sequestration (DACS), which encompasses the removal and long‐term storage of atmospheric CO2 by purely engineered means. Because it does not require arable land or copious amounts of freshwater, DACS is already attractive in the context of sustainable development, but opportunities to improve its sustainability still exist. Leveraging differences in the chemistry of CO2 and water adsorption within porous solids, here, the prospect of simultaneously removing water alongside CO2 in direct air capture operations is investigated. In many cases, the co‐adsorbed water can be desorbed separately from chemisorbed CO2 molecules, enabling efficient harvesting of water from air. Depending upon the material employed and process conditions, the desorbed water can be of sufficiently high purity for industrial, agricultural, or potable use and can thus improve regional water security. Additionally, the recovered water can offset a portion of the costs associated with DACS. In this Perspective, molecular‐ and process‐level insights are combined to identify routes toward realizing this nascent yet enticing concept.
Rational Molecular Engineering of Organic Semiconducting Nanoplatforms for Advancing NIR‐II Fluorescence Theranostics
Authors: Hu Xiaoming , Chen Zejing , Ao Haiyong , Fan Quli , Yang Zhen , Huang Wei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSecond near‐infrared window (NIR‐II, 1000−1700 nm) fluorescence imaging (FI) in phototheranostics benefits from deep tissue penetration, negligible body spontaneous fluorescence, exceptional spatiotemporal resolution, and diversified imaging agents. Inorganic and metal nanomaterials with NIR‐II emission are widely explored for NIR‐II FI, however, the concern about their intrinsic long‐term toxicity hampers further clinic applications. By contrast, whole organic NIR‐II FI agents, in particular, organic semiconducting molecules derived from large π‐conjugated molecular architectures and biologically amicable ingredients, owning inert photophysical potencies, tunable optical properties, and favorable biocompatibility, have the potential to be degraded and excreted from the body in molecular level. In this review, the development of NIR‐II fluorescence‐emitting organic semiconducting nanoplatforms, with a focus on their theranostic applications in biomedicine is discussed. The recent advances in the molecular design of semiconducting NIR‐II emitting agents for improving the properties of NIR‐II photonics (e.g., emission intensity, quantum yield, emission wavelength, and activatable emission) and optimizing disease phototheranostics (the synergistic combination of NIR‐II FI‐based diagnosis and photo‐related therapeutic methods) are highlighted. Finally, the challenges and perspectives to building high‐powered new‐generation organic semiconducting nanoplatforms for NIR‐II phototheranostics of a variety of diseases are discussed.
Indazolones Directed Rh(III)‐Catalyzed C−H Amidation of Arenes
Authors: Chen Shao‐Yong , Zheng Yi‐Chuan , Liu Xu‐Ge , Song Jia‐Lin , Shu Bing , Zheng Tao , Xiao Lin , Zhang Shang‐Shi , Cao Hua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Cp*Rh(III)‐catalyzed indazolone‐directed C−H bond amidation of arenes has been realized by employing sulfonyl azide agents and dioxazolones as nitrogen source. This protocol displays mild conditions, broad substrate scope and high functional group compatibility. What’ more, the late‐stage modifications of structure complicated drugs, such as Gemfibrozil, Oxaprozin, Probenecid and Naproxen, has been demonstrated. Furthermore, preliminary mechanistic investigation and an exploratory reaction mechanism were also proposed.magnified image
Linear‐Selective Allylation of Aldehydes with Simple Alkenes Mediated by Quadruple Hybrid Catalysis
Authors: Irie Yu , Chen Hongyu , Fuse Hiromu , Mitsunuma Harunobu , Kanai Motomu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, we developed a linear‐selective allylation reaction of aldehydes using simple alkenes as starting materials by using a quadruple hybrid catalyst system. The reaction proceeded under mild conditions such as room temperature under visible light irradiation and was applicable to asymmetric reactions. The key for this reaction is the addition of Ni(BF4)2 ⋅ 6H2O catalyst to the previously reported ternary catalyst system, accelerating the allylic transfer process from branch products to thermodynamically stable linear products by increasing the Brønsted acidity of thiophosphoric imide (TPI) catalyst.magnified image
A Tumor‐Organoid‐Based Precision Medicine Platform for the Prediction of Drug Sensitivity of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Wang Xingyue , Lu Xiaohuan , Cai Bo , Li Xiaoqiong , Zou Danyi , Lei Shijun , Xu Luming , Wang Guobin , Wang Lin , Wang Zheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInvestigation of clinical actionable targets is crucial for the individual treatment of patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). A complete platform integrating the molecular profiling and prediction of drug reactivity is currently scarce. An integrated precision medicine approach which combines high‐throughput sequencing platform with microfluidic organoid drug testing system is established. Capture sequencing identifies 6 drug targetable genes and 13 candidate drugs for a stage III colorectal cancer patient. The drug sensitivity is confirmed by using patient‐derived organoids (PDOs) model and microfluidic drug testing system. With this integrated precision medicine approach, the optimal drugs including Afatinib, Dacomitinib, and Osimertinib are successfully identified. The platform provides a practical method to guide the clinical therapies for colorectal cancer patients.
Formation and Control of Zero‐Field Antiskyrmions in Confining Geometries
Authors: Peng Licong , Iakoubovskii Konstantin V. , Karube Kosuke , Taguchi Yasujiro , Tokura Yoshinori , Yu Xiuzhen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMagnetic skyrmions and antiskyrmions have attracted much interest owing to their topological features and spintronic functionalities. In contrast to skyrmions, the generation of antiskyrmions relies on tunning both the magnitude and direction of the external magnetic field. Here, it is reported that antiskyrmions can be efficiently created via quenching and robustly persist at zero field in the Fe1.9Ni0.9Pd0.2P magnet with the S4‐symmetry. It is demonstrated that well‐ordered antiskyrmions form in a square lattice in a confining micrometer‐scale square geometry, while the antiskyrmion lattice distorts in triangular, circular, or rotated‐square geometry; the distortion depends on the relative configuration between sample edges and the two q‐vectors arising from the anisotropic Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction, in good agreement with micromagnetic simulations. It is also characterized transformations from antiskyrmions to skyrmions and nontopological bubbles at different directions and values of external field. These results demonstrate a roadmap for generating and controlling antiskyrmions in a confining geometry.
Ultra‐Low Concentration Electrolyte Enabling LiF‐Rich SEI and Dense Plating/Stripping Processes for Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Chen Ting , You Jinhai , Li Rong , Li Haoyu , Wang Yuan , Wu Chen , Sun Yan , Yang Liu , Ye Zhengcheng , Zhong Benhe , Wu Zhenguo , Guo Xiaodong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe interface structure of the electrode is closely related to the electrochemical performance of lithium‐metal batteries (LMBs). In particular, a high‐quality solid electrode interface (SEI) and uniform, dense lithium plating/stripping processes play a key role in achieving stable LMBs. Herein, a LiF‐rich SEI and a uniform and dense plating/stripping process of the electrolyte by reducing the electrolyte concentration without changing the solvation structure, thereby avoiding the high cost and poor wetting properties of high‐concentration electrolytes are achieved. The ultra‐low concentration electrolyte with an unchanged Li+ solvation structure can restrain the inhomogeneous diffusion flux of Li+, thereby achieving more uniform lithium deposition and stripping processes while maintaining a LiF‐rich SEI. The LiIICu battery with this electrolyte exhibits enhanced cycling stability for 1000 cycles with a coulombic efficiency of 99% at 1 mA cm–2 and 1 mAh cm–2. For the LiIILiFePO4 pouch cell, the capacity retention values at 0.5 and 1 C are 98.6% and 91.4%, respectively. This study offers a new perspective for the commercial application of low‐cost electrolytes with ultra‐low concentrations and high concentration effects.
Targeted Catalysis of the Sulfur Evolution Reaction for High‐Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Qu Wenjia , Lu Ziyang , Geng Chuannan , Wang Li , Guo Yong , Zhang Yibo , Wang Weichao , Lv Wei , Yang Quan‐Hong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe sluggish kinetics of the sulfur evolution reaction (SER) that occur because of the high oxidation barrier of Li2S causes low sulfur utilization and the poor rate performance of lithium–sulfur batteries. However, the design of the catalysts to solve this problem is still hard to achieve because it is difficult to precisely correlate the catalytic oxidation ability with the electronic structure. Here, a layer transition metal oxide, NaxTi0.5Co0.5O2, is used as a model catalyst to probe such a correlation because it has a tunable electronic structure and good stability in the working potential window of Li–S batteries. By removing Na+, a partial phase change gradually increases the concentration of Co active sites while decreasing the work function with an upshift of the Fermi level, accelerating charge transfer on the catalyst surface and therefore improving its catalytic oxidation activity of Li2S. In particular, Na0.7Ti0.5Co0.5O2 with two‐phases coexisting effectively lowers the activation potential of Li2S, leading to minimum polarization and excellent rate performance, and even at 5.0 C, the assembled cell has a high capacity of 615 mAh g−1. This study indicates a way to optimize the electronic structure to enhance the SER, which is important for promoting the practical use of Li–S batteries.
Restoring ecological function to saline–sodic soils in South Dakota with perennial grass mixtures
Authors: Clay Sharon A. , Fiedler Douglas , Reese Cheryl , Clay David E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRevegetation of saline–sodic soils is challenging. Over 10 million saline–sodic hectares are intertwined with highly productive soils in the Northern Great Plains, with 3.4 million ha in South Dakota. Establishing salt‐tolerant perennial plants provides soil cover and remediates barren areas. Two perennial salt‐tolerant grass mixes [Mix 1: slender wheatgrass (Elymus trachycaulus [Link] Gould ex Shinners) + beardless wildrye (Leymus triticoides [Buckley] Pilg.); Mix 2: slender wheatgrass + creeping foxtail (Alopercurus arundinaceus Poir.) + western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii [Rydb.] Á. Löve) + ‘AC Saltlander’ green wheatgrass (Elymus hoffmannii K.B. Jensen & K.H. Asay)] were dormant‐planted in 2018 and 2019 along a soil catena with high [electrical conductivity (EC1:1) = 0.39 dS m–l; 72 mg kg–1 Na+], moderate (EC1:1 = 1.64 dS m–l; 343 mg kg–1 Na+), and low (EC1:1 = 3.87 dS m–l; 1,680 mg kg–1 Na+) productivity zones. Vegetative biomass was measured after seeding (2018, 2019) and during growth (2020, 2021), and compared with areas seeded to maize (Zea mays L.) and a nonplanted area. Biomass varied with year and productivity zone. Except in 2018, grasses had greater biomass in the moderate and low productivity zones than maize. The sodium content of grass biomass in 2020 and 2021 was 10× greater in the low than in the high and moderate productive zones (0.25 vs. 0.02%, respectively) but could be suitable for livestock feed. By 2021, grass biomass was similar for both mixes in all zones, and the grasses spread into nonplanted areas.
Maize–soybean intercropping: A bibliometric analysis of 30 years of research publications
Authors: Feng Liang , Tang Haiying , Pu Tian , Chen Guopeng , Liang Bing , Yang Wenyu , Wang Xiaochun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMaize (Zea may L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] intercropping is popular in many countries because of its high productivity. However, no studies have explored maize–soybean intercropping via bibliometric methods. Taking the Web of Science database, the visualization applications of CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to visually analyze the literature related to research in the field of maize–soybean intercropping, with the aim of studying keyword hotspots and evolving trends, and analyzing the future research directions. The results showed that the annual number of publications on maize–soybean intercropping showed rapid growth from 2010 to 2021. The top three publishing countries were China, the United States, and India, and the top three institutions were Sichuan Agricultural University, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, and China Agricultural University. Th three most popular journals were Field Crops Research, Agronomy Journal, and Indian Journal of Agronomy. Agronomy, multidisciplinary agriculture and plant science were the most popular research categories. A keyword analysis indicated that “maize” was the most popular study area. Crop root coupling processes, biological nitrogen fixation, efficient utilization of resources, carbon sequestration and emission reduction, microbial communities, and interspecific relationships are the current hot research topics. This study review and analyzed the current research hotspots and future research trends to provide an important reference for scientists to better respond to food security issues.
Mitigating catalyst deactivation in selective hydrogenation by enhancing dispersion and utilizing reaction heat effect
Authors: Liu Yanan , Weng Shaoxia , McCue Alan J. , Fu Baoai , Yu He , He Yufei , Feng Junting , Li Dianqing , Duan Xue 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPd catalysts with different particle size were investigated in a strongly exothermic acetylene hydrogenation by changing space velocity. It was found that larger Pd nanoparticles provoked the significant amounts of oligomers and accumulated reaction heat although space velocity had been greatly improved. When Pd particle size was reduced, the number of active sites increased, which contributed to a decrease in heat produced on a single active site, thereby hindered formation of hot spots over catalyst leading to lesser deactivation. Furthermore, by utilizing the features of highly dispersed catalyst without instantaneous heat accumulation, the target acetylene hydrogenation (exothermic) was coupled with acetylene dissociation (endothermic) by sharing reaction heat to construct supported Pd carbide catalysts. Modification of subsurface carbon inhibited the generation of green oil and thus further enhanced selectivity and stability. This work provides an alternative and counter‐intuitive concept where more highly dispersed metal nanoparticles may in fact be more stable.
A control‐switching approach for cyberattack detection in process systems with minimal false alarms
Authors: Narasimhan Shilpa , El‐Farra Nael H. , Ellis Matthew J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe frequency of cyberattacks against process control systems has increased in recent years. This work considers multiplicative false‐data injection attacks involving the multiplication of the data communicated over the sensor‐controller communication link by a factor. An active detection method utilizing switching between two control modes is developed to balance the trade‐off between closed‐loop performance and attack detectability. Under the first mode, the control parameters are selected using traditional control design criteria. Under the second mode, the control parameters are selected to enhance the attack detection capability. A switching condition is imposed to prevent false alarms that could be triggered by the transient response induced by control mode switching. This condition is incorporated into the active detection method to minimize false alarms. The active detection method is applied to illustrative process examples to demonstrate its ability to detect attacks and minimize false alarms.