bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cloncurry buffel grass mitigated Cr(III) and Cr(VI) toxicity in tomato plant
Authors: Shoaib Amna , Khurshid Saba , Javaid Arshad 
Published: December 2022

AbstractContamination of agricultural soil with chromium (Cr) ions has threatened global crop, human and ecosystem health. Its two oxidation states viz. Cr(III) and Cr(VI) are most stable and readily available to the plants. The study explored the impact of increasing exposure (up to 500 ppm) of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) on bio-physical traits of 15-day-old seedlings (in vitro) as well as 60-day-old tomato plant (in vivo), and highlighted the importance of buffel grass (Cenchrus pennisetiformis) in mitigating Cr levels in the tomato plants. In vitro, Petri plate bioassays with 13 different concentrations (20–500 ppm) of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) depicted the highly toxic effect of metal ions ≥ 200 ppm on all bio-physical traits of tomato seedlings. In vivo, soil spiked with Cr(III) and Cr(VI) (200, 300, and 400 mg/kg) was amended with 1% and 2% dry biomass of buffel grass. Phytotoxicity was higher in Cr(VI)-spiked soil compared with Cr(III)-spiked soil. Cr was mainly accumulated in tomato roots, and more Cr was translocated from roots to shoots from Cr(VI)-spiked soil than Cr(III)-spiked soil. Soil amendments with 2% weed biomass reduced metal toxicity in plants, particularly at 200 and 300 mg/kg of Cr. Protein profiles through SDS-PAGE revealed 12–50 kDa (mainly PR proteins) as an important region in tomato leaf, where many new bands were expressed under different treatments, particularly in the treatments provided with buffel grass. PCA-based biplot clearly separated Cr tolerance treatments from highly sensitive treatments. For the cultivation of tomato plants in Cr(III) and Cr(VI) contaminated soil (200 and 300 mg/kg), the biomass of Cloncurry buffel grass should be considered an effective and easily available phyto-management option.
Generation of transgenic mice expressing a FRET biosensor, SMART, that responds to necroptosis
Authors: Murai Shin , Takakura Kanako , Sumiyama Kenta , Moriwaki Kenta , Terai Kenta , Komazawa-Sakon Sachiko , Seki Takao , Yamaguchi Yoshifumi , Mikami Tetuo , Araki Kimi , Ohmuraya Masaki , Matsuda Michiyuki , Nakano Hiroyasu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNecroptosis is a regulated form of cell death involved in various pathological conditions, including ischemic reperfusion injuries, virus infections, and drug-induced tissue injuries. However, it is not fully understood when and where necroptosis occurs in vivo. We previously generated a Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensor, termed SMART (the sensor for MLKL activation by RIPK3 based on FRET), which monitors conformational changes of MLKL along with progression of necroptosis in human and murine cell lines in vitro. Here, we generate transgenic (Tg) mice that express the SMART biosensor in various tissues. The FRET ratio is increased in necroptosis, but not apoptosis or pyroptosis, in primary cells. Moreover, the FRET signals are elevated in renal tubular cells of cisplatin-treated SMART Tg mice compared to untreated SMART Tg mice. Together, SMART Tg mice may provide a valuable tool for monitoring necroptosis in different types of cells in vitro and in vivo.
Magnetic-field-induced Wigner crystallization of charged interlayer excitons in van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Bondarev Igor V. , Lozovik Yurii E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEver since its inception, coherent excited states of semiconductors have been the focus of semiconductor materials research to evolve into a vibrant field of low-dimensional solid-state physics. The field is gaining new momentum these days due to emerging transdimensional semiconductors such as van der Waals bound layers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) of controlled thickness. Here, we develop the theory of magnetic-field-induced Wigner crystallization for charged interlayer excitons (CIE) discovered recently in TMD heterobilayers. We derive the ratio of the potential interaction energy to the kinetic energy for the many-particle CIE system in the perpendicular magnetostatic field of an arbitrary strength and predict the crystallization effect in the strong field regime. We show that magnetic-field-induced Wigner crystallization and melting of CIEs can be observed in magneto-photoluminescence experiments with TMD bilayers of systematically varied electron-hole doping concentrations. Our results advance the capabilities of this new generation of transdimensional quantum materials.
Three types of incremental learning
Authors: van de Ven Gido M. , Tuytelaars Tinne , Tolias Andreas S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIncrementally learning new information from a non-stationary stream of data, referred to as ‘continual learning’, is a key feature of natural intelligence, but a challenging problem for deep neural networks. In recent years, numerous deep learning methods for continual learning have been proposed, but comparing their performances is difficult due to the lack of a common framework. To help address this, we describe three fundamental types, or ‘scenarios’, of continual learning: task-incremental, domain-incremental and class-incremental learning. Each of these scenarios has its own set of challenges. To illustrate this, we provide a comprehensive empirical comparison of currently used continual learning strategies, by performing the Split MNIST and Split CIFAR-100 protocols according to each scenario. We demonstrate substantial differences between the three scenarios in terms of difficulty and in terms of the effectiveness of different strategies. The proposed categorization aims to structure the continual learning field, by forming a key foundation for clearly defining benchmark problems.
The Peruvian oxygen minimum zone was similar in extent but weaker during the Last Glacial Maximum than Late Holocene
Authors: Glock Nicolaas , Erdem Zeynep , Schönfeld Joachim 
Published: December 2022

AbstractQuantifying past oxygen concentrations in oceans is crucial to improving understanding of current global ocean deoxygenation. Here, we use a record of pore density of the epibenthic foraminifer Planulina limbata from the Peruvian Oxygen Minimum Zone to reconstruct oxygen concentrations in bottom waters from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Late Holocene at 17.5°S about 500 meters below the sea surface. We found that oxygen levels were 40% lower during the Last Glacial Maximum than during the Late Holocene (about 6.7 versus 11.1 µmol/kg, respectively). A comparison with other reconstructions of oxygen concentrations in the region reveals a shallow Oxygen Minimum Zone during the Last Glacial Maximum that was similar in water depth and extent but weaker than during the Late Holocene. Increased glacial oxygen concentrations are probably related to lower temperatures (higher oxygen solubility), decreased nutrient and increased oxygen supply by source waters, and a decrease in coastal upwelling.
Evolution of SLiM-mediated hijack functions in intrinsically disordered viral proteins
Authors: Glavina Juliana , Palopoli Nicolas , Chemes Lucía Beatriz 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Viruses and their hosts are involved in an ‘arms race’ where they continually evolve mechanisms to overcome each other. It has long been proposed that intrinsic disorder provides a substrate for the evolution of viral hijack functions and that short linear motifs (SLiMs) are important players in this process. Here, we review evidence in support of this tenet from two model systems: the papillomavirus E7 protein and the adenovirus E1A protein. Phylogenetic reconstructions reveal that SLiMs appear and disappear multiple times across evolution, providing evidence of convergent evolution within individual viral phylogenies. Multiple functionally related SLiMs show strong coevolution signals that persist across long distances in the primary sequence and occur in unrelated viral proteins. Moreover, changes in SLiMs are associated with changes in phenotypic traits such as host range and tropism. Tracking viral evolutionary events reveals that host switch events are associated with the loss of several SLiMs, suggesting that SLiMs are under functional selection and that changes in SLiMs support viral adaptation. Fine-tuning of viral SLiM sequences can improve affinity, allowing them to outcompete host counterparts. However, viral SLiMs are not always competitive by themselves, and tethering of two suboptimal SLiMs by a disordered linker may instead enable viral hijack. Coevolution between the SLiMs and the linker indicates that the evolution of disordered regions may be more constrained than previously thought. In summary, experimental and computational studies support a role for SLiMs and intrinsic disorder in viral hijack functions and in viral adaptive evolution.
Small-scale dynamo in cool stars
Authors: Witzke V. , Duehnen H. B. , Shapiro A. I. , Przybylski D. , Bhatia T. S. , Cameron R. , Solanki S. K. 
Published: December 2022

Context. All cool main sequence stars including our Sun are thought to have magnetic fields. Observations of the Sun revealed that small-scale turbulent magnetic fields are present even in quiet regions. Simulations further showed that such magnetic fields affect the subsurface and photospheric structure, and thus the radiative transfer and emergent flux. Since small-scale turbulent magnetic fields on other stars cannot be directly observed, it is imperative to numerically study their effects on the near surface layers.
Aims. Until recently comprehensive three-dimensional simulations capturing the effect of small-scale turbulent magnetic fields only exist for the solar case. A series of investigations extending small-scale dynamo simulations for other stars has been started. Here we aim to examine small-scale turbulent magnetic fields in stars of solar effective temperature but different metallicity.
Methods. We investigate the properties of three-dimensional simulations of the magneto-convection in boxes covering the upper convection zone and photosphere carried out with the MURaM code for metallicity values of M/H = {–1.0,0.0,0.5} with and without a small-scale dynamo.
Results. We find that small-scale turbulent magnetic fields enhanced by a small-scale turbulent dynamo noticeably affect the subsurface dynamics and significantly change the flow velocities in the photosphere. Moreover, significantly stronger magnetic field strengths are present in the convection zone for low metallicity. Instead, at the optical surface the averaged vertical magnetic field ranges from 64G for M/H = 0.5 to 85G for M/H = –1.0.
Intrakranielle Blutungen unter oraler Antikoagulation
Authors: Stachulski Frank , Masuhr Florian 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungBei intrakraniellen Blutungen unter einer oralen Antikoagulation (OAK) mit Vitamin-K-Antagonisten (VKA) oder direkten oralen Antikoagulanzien (DOAK) besteht innerhalb der ersten Stunden das
Risiko einer frühen Hämatomexpansion mit konsekutiver klinischer Verschlechterung. Zur Antagonisierung der antikoagulatorischen Wirkung von VKA stehen die i. v. Gabe von Vitamin K (10 mg)
sowie von Prothrombin-Komplex-Konzentrat (PPSB, mindestens 30 U/kgKG) zur Verfügung. Bei Blutung unter dem Thrombininhibitor Dabigatran kann die Gabe des humanisierten monoklonalen
Antikörperfragments Idarucizumab (2 × 2,5 g i. v.) erwogen werden. Es bindet spezifisch und mit hoher Affinität an Dabigatran und unterbindet dessen antikoagulatorische Wirkung. Für die
Antagonisierung der Faktor-Xa-Hemmer Apixaban und Rivaroxaban steht Andexanet alfa zur Verfügung. Dies ist ein rekombinant hergestellter und biologisch inaktiver Faktor Xa, der als Antidot
Faktor-Xa-Hemmer unselektiv bindet und ihre Wirkung neutralisiert.
Determining the cognitive biases behind a viral linguistic universal: the order of multiple adjectives
Authors: Leivada Evelina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhen people are asked to create a phrase with the elements {blue, earrings, beautiful}, they produce ‘beautiful blue earrings’. Several theories have been proposed about the origins of this universal tendency to order multiple adjectives in a specific way: an innate universal hierarchy with designated positions for each category of adjectives, sensitivity to the definiteness of the adjectival denotation, availability and psychological closeness of the adjective attributes to the speaker, the encoding of subjective vs. objective properties, and the adjective’s phonological weight. Although these theories have strong descriptive power, they often focus on what happens at the phenotypic level without explaining what cognitive needs trigger this behavior. Through a timed task that measures acceptability in ‘Adjective-Adjective-Noun’ sequences that either comply with the universal order or violate it, we adduce evidence for the high acceptability of the violating orders, whose processing did not take longer than that of the compliant orders, as should have happened if the former were non-canonical. The results suggest that ordering preferences exist but are not invariable, as one would expect if a strong linguistic universal was involved. We track the origin of adjective ordering preferences to the synergistic interplay of three cognitive biases: Zipf’s Law, Intolerance of Ambiguity, and Novel Information Bias. Last, we show that the linguistic manifestation of these preferences is sensitive to the statistical distribution of the input data, resulting to variation even among speakers of the same language.
Compulsive drug-taking is associated with habenula–frontal cortex connectivity
Authors: Duan Ying , Tsai Pei-Jung , Salmeron Betty Jo , Hu Yuzheng , Gu Hong , Lu Hanbing , Cadet Jean Lud , Stein Elliot A. , Yang Yihong 
Published: December 2022

As a critical node connecting the forebrain with the midbrain, the lateral habenula (LHb) processes negative feedback in response to aversive events and plays an essential role in value-based decision-making. Compulsive drug use, a hallmark of substance use disorder, is attributed to maladaptive decision-making regarding aversive drug-use-related events and has been associated with dysregulation of various frontal–midbrain circuits. To understand the contributions of frontal–habenula–midbrain circuits in the development of drug dependence, we employed a rat model of methamphetamine self-administration (SA) in the presence of concomitant footshock, which has been proposed to model compulsive drug-taking in humans. In this longitudinal study, functional MRI data were collected at pretraining baseline, after 20 d of long-access SA phase, and after 5 d of concomitant footshock coupled with SA (punishment phase). Individual differences in response to punishment were quantified by a “compulsivity index (CI),” defined as drug infusions at the end of punishment phase, normalized by those at the end of SA phase. Functional connectivity of LHb with the frontal cortices and substantia nigra (SN) after the punishment phase was positively correlated with the CI in rats that maintained drug SA despite receiving increasing-intensity footshock. In contrast, functional connectivity of the same circuits was negatively correlated with CI in rats that significantly reduced SA. These findings suggest that individual differences in compulsive drug-taking are reflected by alterations within frontal–LHb–SN circuits after experiencing the negative consequences from SA, suggesting these circuits may serve as unique biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for individualized treatment of addiction.
Strain-enabled control of chiral magnetic structures in MnSeTe monolayer
Authors: Wang Zhiwen , Liang Jinghua , Yang Hongxin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chiral magnetic states are promising for the future spintronic applications. Recent progress of chiral spin textures in two-dimensional magnets, such as chiral domain walls (DW), skyrmions, and bimerons, have been drawing extensive attention. Here, via first-principles calculations, we show that biaxial strain can effectively manipulate the magnetic parameters of the Janus MnSeTe monolayer. Interestingly, we find that both the magnitude and the sign of the magnetic constants of the Heisenberg exchange coupling, Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) and magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA) can be tuned by strain. Moreover, using micromagnetic simulations, we obtain the distinct phase diagram of chiral spin texture under different strain. Especially, we demonstrate that abundant chiral magnetic structures including ferromagnetic skyrmion, skyrmionium, bimeron, and antiferromagnetic spin spiral can be induced in the MnSeTe monolayer. We have also discussed the effect of temperature on these magnetic structures. These findings highlight the Janus MnSeTe monolayer as a good candidate for spintronic nanodevices.
Reciprocal invisibility cloaking with self-collimation effect of phononic crystals
Authors: Ghoreshi Mahdiyeh , Bahrami Ali 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the combination of self-collimation property and the existence of band gap in two-dimensional phononic crystals are used to design the cloak and change the direction of waves for that the waves do not collide with the object. Because the waves do not hit the object, the performance of structure will not have any dependence on the shape of the hidden object. The operating fRequency for the structure is chosen as 3 kHz, which is part of the human audio frequency and can be used for sound insulation. To prove the invisibility, the pressure of the reflected waves, the waves reaching the invisibility area, and the waves reaching the back of the object are calculated. In this way, it is shown that the reflection from the structure is below 0.1 and the intensity of waves reached to the back of the structure is approximately the same as that waves reached there in the absence of the object. An obvious and important feature of this structure is that, if the hidden object is a source producing the same frequency as the external source, this invisibility coating prevents the waves from reaching the detectors. In other words, the sound waves of the person inside the invisibility area will not be detectable by detectors.
γ rays run on time, and propagate tailgating gravitational waves
Authors: Beltrán-Martínez Daniel , Llanes-Estrada Felipe J. , Tejedor-García Gloria 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Significant absorption of radiation is usually accompanied by refraction.
This is not the case for γ rays travelling cosmic distances. We show that the real
and imaginary parts of the refraction index are indeed commensurable, as they are related
by dispersion relations, but when turning to physical observables, the (finite) optical depth
is way larger than the (infinitesimal) time delay of the gamma rays relative to gravitational radiation.
The numerically large factor solving the apparent contradiction is E

γ
/H
0
arising from basic wave properties (Bouguer-Beer-Lambert law)
and the standard cosmological model, respectively.
In consequence, no delay of the γ-ray propagation affects multimessenger astronomy. We particularly
predict no such delay between gravitational waves and γ photons from binary mergers such as GW170817,
save for that induced at the source, nor from more energetic events at cosmic distances.
HArtMuT—modeling eye and muscle contributors in neuroelectric imaging
Authors: Harmening Nils , Klug Marius , Gramann Klaus , Miklody Daniel 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective. Magneto- and electroencephalography (M/EEG) measurements record a mix of signals from the brain, eyes, and muscles. These signals can be disentangled for artifact cleaning e.g. using spatial filtering techniques. However, correctly localizing and identifying these components relies on head models that so far only take brain sources into account. Approach. We thus developed the Head Artifact Model using Tripoles (HArtMuT). This volume conduction head model extends to the neck and includes brain sources as well as sources representing eyes and muscles that can be modeled as single dipoles, symmetrical dipoles, and tripoles. We compared a HArtMuT four-layer boundary element model (BEM) with the EEGLAB standard head model on their localization accuracy and residual variance (RV) using a HArtMuT finite element model (FEM) as ground truth. We also evaluated the RV on real-world data of mobile participants, comparing different HArtMuT BEM types with the EEGLAB standard head model. Main results. We found that HArtMuT improves localization for all sources, especially non-brain, and localization error and RV of non-brain sources were in the same range as those of brain sources. The best results were achieved by using cortical dipoles, muscular tripoles, and ocular symmetric dipoles, but dipolar sources alone can already lead to convincing results. Significance. We conclude that HArtMuT is well suited for modeling eye and muscle contributions to the M/EEG signal. It can be used to localize sources and to identify brain, eye, and muscle components. HArtMuT is freely available and can be integrated into standard software.
Comprehensive investigation of lattice dynamics of neutron multiplier beryllides: vibrational spectra and thermal performances
Authors: Ji Bao-Long , Wang Chi , Gu Shou-Xi , Qi Qiang , Li Xiao-Chun , Zhou Hai-Shan , Luo Guang-Nan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In order to realize tritium self-sufficiency during the operation of fusion reactors, neutron multiplier materials are needed to multiply the number of neutrons. Beryllium (Be) and beryllides (Be12V, Be12Ti) are considered as candidates for neutron multiplier materials in the tritium breeding blanket. Thermal performances are essential data to evaluate the service performance of materials in future fusion reactors. Due to the toxicity of beryllium, the preparation and analysis of neutron multiplier materials are challenging. As a result, the performance data of neutron multiplier materials are limited. It is essential to adopt the theoretical method to get the basic parameters for the design of a tritium breeding blanket and optimization of neutron multiplier. In the present work, the electron structure, vibrational spectra, and thermal performances have been theoretically investigated to understand thermal expansion and thermal conductivity properties. Experimental data are also included to compare with the calculated results and detailed analysis is presented. Due to the reactivity with water, BeO will form on the surface of Be. Therefore, BeO was studied as well. The bulk modulus of Be is the smallest of the four materials, while BeO is the largest. Higher bulk modulus has a better ability to restrain the deformation due to pressure. The c-axis of the Be12V has the largest thermal expansion coefficient, while the c-axis of the Be12Ti is the smallest. It has been found that the larger the lattice constant of crystal axes, the smaller the linear thermal expansion coefficient in same material. Electrons play a major role in the heat transfer of Be12V and Be12Ti. At high temperatures, phonon and electron coupling must be considered. Isotopeenrichment and enlarging the grain size cannot significantly improve the phonon thermal conductivity when the temperature is higher than room temperature. The calculated values can be adopted to predict the materials’ performances and support future fusion reactors’ neutron multiplier material preparation.