bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERAN ORANG DEWASA TERHADAP PROSES PERKEMBANGAN BAHASA ANAK
Authors: Widyaswarani Elyvia 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRAK:
Bahasa memiliki peran penting dalam kehidupan manusia. Selain sebagai medium untuk melakukan tindakan, bahasa juga berfungsi sebagai cerminan budaya penuturnya. Bahasa adalah sumber kehidupan dan kekuatan.Bahasa dapat mengontrol perilaku, merealisasikan tindakan dan mengubah situasi. Pemerolehan bahasa pada anak usia 1-3 tahun merupakan proses yang bersifat fisik dan psikis. Secara fisik, kemampuan anak dalam memproduksi kata-kata ditandai oleh perkembangan bibir, lidah, dan gigi mereka yang sedang tumbuh. Pada tahap tertentu pemerolehan bahasa (kemampuan mengucapkan dan memahami arti kata juga tidak lepas dari kemampuan mendengarkan, melihat, dan mengartikan simbol-simbol bunyi dengan kematangan otaknya). Sedangkan secara psikis, kemampuan memproduksi kata-kata dan variasi ucapan sangat ditentukan oleh situasi emosional anak saat berlatih mengucapkan kata-kata. Anak-anak yang mendapatkan bimbingan dan dorongan moral yang sangat kuat akan memperoleh kata-kata yang banyak dan bervariasi dibandingkan anak-anak lainnya.
Kata kunci : bahasa, pemerolehan, kata
Authors: Ropiudin Ropiudin - , Yanti Andina Lies , Ritonga Abdul Mukhlis , Margiwiyatno Agus 
Published: October 2022

Tofu is a food that contains protein and is made from soybean juice obtained through the fermentation process of soybeans. An increase in tofu consumption results in an increase in energy demand in a tofu processing industry. Energy use that is carried out efficiently can be done by means of an energy audit that will get the energy used and know how to save it. This study aims to 1) determine the energy requirements of each tofu processing process, 2) determine the form, source and amount of energy used in the tofu processing production process in Sampang Village and Brani Village, Sampang District, Cilacap Regency, Central Java, 3) find out the comparison of the efficiency levels of the two tofu processing industries in Sampang Village and Brani Village, Cilacap District, Central Java, and 4) identify the results of the comparison of data obtained from the two tofu processing industries to make an effort to save energy or diversify energy use. This research was conducted on two small industries in Sampang Village owned by Mr. Maryo and Mr. Sholeh's Brani Village located in Sampang District, Cilacap Regency, Central Java. This research was carried out from February 2021 to April 2021. The sampling was carried out on these two industries in order to obtain energy data and observe the differences in the tools used when processing the tofu. The data collection method is carried out for each production in one day. Variables obtained from data collection include the amount of tofu production per day, energy requirements for biomass fuels (rice husks and firewood), human energy needs, electrical energy requirements, diesel fuel energy requirements, and energy requirements for ballast stones. The results showed that the energy needed in the tofu processing industry Mr. Maryo was 779.06 MJ or 5.19 MJ/kg obtained from energy sources such as human energy (33.47 MJ or 0.22 MJ/kg), biomass fuel energy (552, 29 MJ or 3.68 MJ/kg), and diesel fuel energy (193.30 MJ or 1.29 MJ/kg).The energy used in the tofu processing industry belonging to Mr. Maryo is 244.81 MJ or 1.63 MJ/kg which comes from the energy used in this industry such as human energy (18.43 MJ or 0.12 MJ/kg), biomass fuel energy (122.54 MJ or 0.82 MJ/kg), and diesel fuel energy (103.84 MJ or 0.69 MJ/kg). The results of research on the tofu processing industry of Mr. Sholeh amounted to (2205.77 MJ or 6.302 MJ/kg) obtained from energy sources such as human energy of (33.47 MJ or 0.10 MJ/kg), biomass fuel energy (2109.60 MJ or 6,03 MJ/kg), and electrical energy (62.70 MJ or 0.18 MJ/kg). The energy used in Sholeh's tofu processing industry (298.74 MJ or 0.86 MJ/kg) comes from energy used in industries such as human energy (32.22 MJ or 0.09 MJ/kg), biomass fuel energy (214.11 MJ or 0.61 MJ/kg), and electrical energy (52.41 MJ or 0.15 MJ/kg).
Gender, Race/Ethnicity, and Unionization in Direct Care Occupations
Authors: Dill Janette , Tanem Jill 
Published: October 2022

Objectives. The goal of this study was to measure unionization in the direct care workforce and the relationship between unionization and earnings, looking closely at differences across race/ethnicity and gender. Methods. Using data from the Current Population Survey from 2010 to 2020, we first used logit analyses to predict the probability of unionization among direct care workers across race/ethnicity and gender. We then measured the relationship between unionization and weekly earnings. Results. We found that male (12%) and Black (14%) direct care workers were most likely to be unionized, followed by Hispanic and other direct care workers of color. Unionized direct care workers earn wages that are about 7.8% higher than nonunionized workers, but unionized workers of color earn lower rewards for unionization compared with White direct care workers. Conclusions. Unions are a mechanism for improving job quality in direct care work, and protecting workers’ rights to unionize and participate in collective bargaining equitably may be a way to stabilize and grow the direct care workforce. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(11):1676–1684. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307022 )
Bivariate, high-content screening of Brugia malayi microfilariae
Authors: Wheeler Nicolas J. , Ryan Kaetlyn T. , Gallo Kendra J. , Zamanian Mostafa 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The following protocol is for performing bivariate (motility and viability) phenotypic drug screens against Brugia spp. microfilariae (mf). It has been heavily optimized for utilization with an ImageXpress high-content imager, but only small adaptations will be necessary for usage with similar imaging platforms.Mf are used immediately after receipt/extraction, and the experiment should not be run longer than 48 hours, after which mf health rapidly deteriorates. We have had success recording motility at 12 hours post-treatment (hpt) and again at 36 hpt, after which mf are immediately stained for viability, as well as 24/48 hpt time points.The two phenotypes could be assayed separately, but we have found that not every compound that causes reduction in mf motility causes a concomitant loss of viability. Thus, the discriminatory power of the pipeline is increased by running both assays in parallel, using the same plates. We have run the experiment using 16 plates at a time which will necessitate several hours of imaging at the desired time points. If several plates are planned, drug addition will need to be staggered every 5-6 minutes in accordance with the time taken to completely image each plate.Image data can be analyzed via a variety of software, but we have designed wrmXpress for this purpose (1).
WITHDRAWN: Research on the compression of similariton laser beam based on Dispersion-decreasing Fiber
Authors: zhang qiaofen , Pang Liangyu , Wu Liming , Wang Guitang , Gao Jian , Deng Yaohua , Gao Zihao , Chen Chubang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The interaction and compression of the similariton beam generated in a mode-locked similariton laser system and compressed in a DDF (dispersion-decreasing fiber) with negative dispersion is investigated in this paper. First, a quality factor R is established to evaluate the quality of compressed similariton beams to design optimum tapered DDF. The result shows that the hyperbolically tapered DDF can achieve a best R compared to the linearly tapered DDF, exponentially tapered DDF, Gaussian tapered DDF, cosinoidally tapered DDF and logarithmically tapered DDF. Then, a pedestal energy ratio PE and a compression quality parameter Q are further established to evaluate the quality of compressed output beams considering the pulses with and without interaction by adjusting the time-delay q0 between the pulse pairs in a hyperbolically tapered DDF. Finally, we obtain the optimum compressed pulse pair both considering q0 = 4ps and q0 = 2.6ps, the pedestal energy ratios are 3.0048% and 13.4306%, maximum compression quality parameters are 454.3059 and 293.1326, the corresponding FWHM and peak power are 177.3fs and 302.2695W, 189.7fs and 249.4017W, respectively, demonstrating efficient and high-quality similariton beam compression.
Simplified regimen of combined low-dose rituximab for autoimmune encephalitis with neuronal surface antibodies
Authors: Du Ying , Zhao Chao , Liu Juntong , Li Chuan , Yan Qi , Li Lin , Hao Yunfeng , Yao Dan , Si Huaxing , Zhao Yingjun , Zhang Wei 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background:Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) with neuronal surface antibodies (NSAbs) presents pathogenesis mediated by B-cell-secreting antibodies. Rituximab is a second-line choice for the treatment for AE with NSAbs, which can cause B cell depletion via targeting CD20. However, the optimal protocol and dosage of rituximab combined with first-line therapy for NSAbs-associated AE remains unclear so far. In this study, we explored the efficacy and safety of low-dose rituximab combined with first-line treatment for NSAbs-associated AE.
Methods: Fifty-nine AE patients with NSAbs were enrolled, and retrospectively divided into common first-line therapy (41 patients) and combined low-dose rituximab (100mg induction weekly with 3 circles, followed by 100mg reinfusion every 6 months) with first-line therapy (18 patients). Outcome measures included changes in the Clinical Assessment Scale for Autoimmune Encephalitis (CASE) score (primary endpoint), changes in the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE), the patient and caregiver Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) score at each visit (baseline, discharge, 6 months, 12 months and last follow-up) between two groups (secondary endpoint), as well as oral prednisone dosage, relapse and adverse effects during follow-up.
Results: Compared with traditional first-line therapy group, for primary outcome, CASE scores at last follow-up were significantly improved in combined rituximab group, as well as markedly improving changes of CASE scores between baseline and each visit. While changes of mRS, MMSE and NPI scores, as secondary endpoint, were all markedly accelerating improvement between baseline and each visit, as well as both oral prednisone dosage and relapse were also greatly reduced during follow-up. Meanwhile, longitudinal analysis in combination of rituximab cohort also revealed persistently marked amelioration in a series of scales from baseline even more than 1 year. Moreover, analysis in rituximab subgroup showed no difference in any clinical outcomes between combination with single first-line and with repeated first-line treatment (≥2 times), while compared to delayed combination with rituximab (>3 months), early initiation of combination (≤3 months) might achieve better improvements in CASE and MMSE assessment even 1 year later. No rituximab correlated serious adverse events have been reported in our patients.
Conclusions: Our simplified regimen of combined low-dose rituximab firstly showed significantly accelerating short-term recovery and long-term improvement for AE with NSAbs, in parallel with markedly reduced prednisone dosage and clinical relapses. Moreover, opportunity of protocol showed earlier initiation (≤3 months) with better long-term improvement.
Massively parallel electro-optic sampling of space-encoded optical pulses for ultrafast multi-dimensional imaging
Authors: Kim Jungwon , Na Yongjin , Kwak Hyunsoo , Ahn Changmin , Lee Seung Eon , Lee Woojin , Kang Chu-Shik , Lee Jungchul , Suh Junho , Yoo Hongki 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHigh-speed and high-resolution imaging of surface profiles is critical for the investigation of various structures and mechanical dynamics of micro- and nano-scale devices. In particular, recent emergence of various nonlinear, transient and complex mechanical dynamics, such as anharmonic vibrations in mechanical resonators, has necessitated real-time surface deformation imaging with higher axial and lateral resolutions, speed, and dynamic range. However, real-time capturing of fast and complex mechanical dynamics has been challenging, and direct time-domain imaging of displacements and mechanical motions has been a missing element in studying full-field structural and dynamic behaviours. Here, by exploiting the electro-optic sampling with a frequency comb, we demonstrate a line-scan time-of-flight (TOF) camera that can simultaneously measure the TOF changes of more than 1000 spatial coordinates with hundreds megapixels/s pixel-rate and sub-nanometre axial resolution over several millimetres field-of-view. This unique combination of performances enables fast and precise imaging of both complex structures and dynamics in three-dimensional devices and mechanical resonators.
Workplace-based assessment in the Bhutanese context: acceptability, feasibility, and educational impact as perceived by trainees and trainers
Authors: Tenzin Karma , Giri Sweta , Tshering Ugyen , Choeda Tshering , Gyamtsho Sonam , Misganaw Equlinet , Siebeck Matthias 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background:The Postgraduate Medical Education globally has transited from traditional cognitive based to more competency-based learning. Bhutan’s only medical university, Khesar Gyalpo University of Medical Sciences of Bhutan (KGUMSB) introduced Competency Based curriculum (CBC) through implementation of workplace-based assessment (WPBA) in June 2018. The proposed competency-based curriculum (CBC) was aimed at developing appropriate competencies in the learners through workplace-based assessment. A programmatic evaluation of the trainees and trainer’s perception on implementation of workplace-based assessment for three years at KGUMSB was conducted in July-Sept 2021.
Methods: The evaluation was conducted in July-Sept, 2021. The mixed methods design was utilized such as survey, review of student portfolios and focus group discussion. A total of 62 participants (46 residents in clinical training and 16 faculty members) participated in this evaluation.
Results: After three years of implementation of WPBA, it was perceived as a good system of assessing learners with a high level of acceptability among both the students and faculty members. The practice of providing immediate feedback was well appreciated by students.
Conclusions: These findings support that WPBA is a good assessment system in postgraduate education. However, it was also evident that issues such as perceived time constraints, overburdened students and lack of faculty capacity were possible obstacles to proper implementation of WPBA.
Analysis of water film distribution and aerodynamic characteristics of high-speed train under rainfall environment
Authors: Li Meixiang , Yu Mengge , Liu Jiali , Sheng Xugao 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

In the rainfall environment, the water film is formed on the body surface of the high-speed train when raindrops impact the train. The water film interacts with the flow field around the train, thereby affects the aerodynamic characteristics of the high-speed train. In this paper, based on SST k-w turbulence model and Euler-Lagrange discrete phase model, the aerodynamic calculation model of high-speed train under rainfall environment is established, and LWF (Lagrangian wall film) is used to simulate the water film distribution and flow characteristics of train. Then the water film distribution and aerodynamic characteristics of high-speed train surface under different rainfall intensities were studied. The calculation results show that raindrops gather on the train surface to form water film under rainfall environment, and with the increase of rainfall time, the thickness and coverage range of water film expand, and the maximum thickness of water film can reach 4.95 mm. The average water film thickness of the train surface increases with rainfall intensity, which increases 3.26 times from 100mm/h to 500mm/h. The velocity of water film in the streamlined area of head car is larger, and the maximum velocity is 22.14m/s. The skin friction coefficient of high-speed train surface increases under rainfall condition. Compared with no rainfall condition, the average skin friction coefficient of train surface increases by 10.74% under rainfall intensity of 500mm/h. The head car positive pressure increases with the increase of rainfall intensity; with the increase of rainfall intensity, the drag coefficient of the head car increases.
Molecular cloning and functional analysis of Chinese bayberry MrSPL4 that enhances growth and flowering in transgenic tobacco
Authors: Wu Xiangqi , Zhang Shuwen , Yu Zheping , Sun Li , Liang Senmiao , Zheng Xiliang , Qi Xingjiang , Ren Haiying 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra) is an important tree in South China, with its fruit being of nutritional and high economic value. The early maturing varieties of Chinese bayberry are characterized by early flowering. In this study, early ripening (ZJ), medium ripening (BQ) and late ripening (DK) varieties were used as test materials, while young leaves in the floral bud morphological differentiation period were selected for transcriptome sequencing. A total of 4,538 differentially expressed genes were detected. Based on clustering analysis and comparisons with genes reportedly related to flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana, 25 homologous genes were identified. Of these, one was down-regulated in DK but up-regulated in ZJ and BQ, with the results also reflected in the relative expression determined by qRT-PCR. The gene contained the SBP domain and the target site of miR156, named MrSPL4. Primers were designed to clone the gene whose total length and the length of the CDS sequence were 1,664 bp and 555 bp respectively. An overexpression vector (35S:: 35S::MrSPL4-pCambia2301-KY) was then constructed and successfully transfected into tobacco to obtain MrSPL4-positive plants. In this case, the relative expression of MrSPL4 was up regulated by 3,862.0-5,938.4 times. The height of positive plants was also significantly higher than that of wild-type (WT) plants, with the bud stage occurring 12 days earlier. Altogether, the results indicated that the gene influenced growth and flowering, which provided a theoretical basis for the regulation of flowering in Chinese bayberry.
Analytic Solution to Isotropic Axisymmetric Cylinder Under Surface Loadings Problem Through Variational Principle
Authors: Sirsat Ajinkya Vishnu , Padhee Srikant Sekhar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Analysis of cylinders under axisymmetric loading is of great interest as it finds many practical application. In this work an attempt has been made to solve this problem through variational principle. The variational statement results in a set of coupled partial governing equation and associated boundary conditions. The solution has been derived after systematic decoupling of governing equation, application of separation of variables and use of Frobenius method. The resulting solution as demonstrated is capable of satisfying all the boundary conditions in an exact sense. The accuracy and efficiency of the presented solution have been validated for problems available in the literature and against three dimensional finite element simulations for isotropic homogeneous material. It is observed that the present solution not only has excellent agreement with three dimensional finite element analysis but also is generic in nature.
Postoperative Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Do Not Increase Postoperative Anastomotic Leakages in Colorectal Surgery: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Mucilli Felice , Barone Mirko , Frontera Regina , Liouras Rita Vaia , Cappabianca Francesco , Serano Luca , Cannizzaro Paolo , Dell’Atti Ivan , Vetrugno Luigi , Maggiore Salvatore Maurizio 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are cornerstones in multimodal analgesia and recent data suggest an association with an increased incidence of anastomotic leakage in surgical colorectal cancer patients. Objective- Aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate any effect of post-operative NSAIDs administration on the risk of anastomotic leakages and to carry out a scatter analysis between promoting dosages and fistulas. Data sources- Indexed and unindexed published articles from 1990 to 2022 were identified by electronic databases researches. Study selection- Two-arm studies about adult colorectal cancer patients undergoing surgery and assigned to postoperative non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-based analgesia (experimental cohorts) vs control ones. Intervention- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug administration in the postoperative period. Endpoints- Primary endpoint was the evaluation of the incidence of anastomotic leakages (overall cumulative effect, subgroup pharmacological classes). In the second part of the analysis, a comparative analysis between drugs’ dosage and postoperative fistula was assessed. Results- According to PRISMA ® 2020 flow diagram, fourteen studies were included for a total of 36,330 enrolled patients (15,051 experimental vs 21,279 control) (Cohen’s k: 0.87). Overall postoperative anastomotic leakage incidence was 4.69%. NSAIDs do not increas rge risk of anastomotic leakage after colorectal surgery (OR: 1.24, 95%CI: 0.93–1.66; p = 0.14). At subgroup analysis, non-selective NSAIDs resulted safer than selective ones (OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.40–0.66, p < 0.001). No differences among drugs and fistula risk was found (Diclofenac vs Ibuprofen vs Ketorolac: OR: 1.99, p = 0.09 vs OR: 0.91, p = 0.82 vs OR: 1.14, p = 0.63). At the scatter plot analysis, excellent pharmacological safety profiles at maximal dosage for all the molecules investigated was reported. Limitations- Four studies lacked an exhaustive methodological report on protocols and dosages. Subgroup analysis for selected cohorts for type of drug administration could lead to a type 2 statistical error. Conclusions- Postoperative administration of NSAIDs in colorectal cancer surgery is safe and does not increase the risk for postoperative anastomotic dehiscences. However, selective drugs could predispose to dehiscence when compared to non-selective ones.