bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of in vivo hindfoot joint motion changes during stance phase between normal foot and stage II adult acquired flatfoot
Authors: Deng Zhenhan , Cai Zijun , Chen Siyu , Liu Yan , Chen Fanglin , Deng Zhiqin , Li Yusheng , Xu Jian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: To compare the kinematic characteristics of hindfoot joints in stage Ⅱ adult acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) with those of normal foot through the 3D-to-2D registration technology and single fluoroscopic imaging system.Methods: CT scans were performed on the bilateral feet of 7 normal volunteers and 8 volunteers with stage Ⅱ AAFD in neutral positions. Their lateral dynamic X-ray data during the stance phase, including 14 normal feet and 10 flatfeet, was collected. A computer-aided simulated light source for 3D CT model was applied to obtain the virtual images, which were matched with the dynamic X-ray images to register in the “Fluo” software, so that the spatial changes during the stance phase could be calculated.Results: During the early-stance phase, the calcaneous was more dorsiflexed, everted, and externally-rotated relative to the talus in flatfoot compared with that in normal foot, and the difference is statistically significant (p<0.05). During the mid-stance phase, the calcaneous was more dorsiflexed and everted relative to the talus in flatfoot compared with that in normal foot, and the difference is statistically significant (p<0.05); however, the rotation did not differ significantly between the two groups (p>0.05). During the late-stance phase, the calcaneous was more plantarflexed, but less inverted and internally-rotated, relative to the talus in flatfoot compared with that in normal foot, and the difference is statistically significant (p<0.05). During the early- and mid-stance phase, the navicular was more dorsiflexed, everted, and externally-rotated relative to the talus in flatfoot compared with that in normal foot, and the difference is statistically significant (p<0.05). During the late-stance phase, the navicular was more plantarflexed, but less inverted and internally-rotated, relative to the talus in flatfoot compared with that in normal foot, and the difference is statistically significant (p<0.05). There was no difference in the motion of cuboid between the two groups during the whole stance phase (p>0.05).Conclusions: During the early- and mid-stance phase, excessive motion was observed in the subtalar and talonavicular joints in stage Ⅱ AAFD. During the late-stance phase, the motion of subtalar and talonavicular joints appeared to be in the decompensated state. During the whole stance phase, the motion of calcaneocuboid joint showed no significant difference between normal foot and stage Ⅱ AAFD.
Genetic Predisposition to Allergic Rhinitis May Be a Causal Risk Factor for Bipolar Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Liao Wenjing , Song Lijuan , Xie Junyang , Chen Gui , Liang Tianhao , Li Ang , Zhang Chunyi , Xu Meiqian , Li Hao , Xie Jianlei , Yang Pingchang , Han Deming , Zhong Nanshan , Zhang Xiaowen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
There is increasing evidence suggest a link between allergic rhinitis (AR) and psychiatric disorders. However, casual associations between these variables remain uncertain. We performed bi-directional two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) to examine the causality association of AR with 11 different psychiatric disorders or relevant traits. MR was conducted using the inverse-variance weighted method (IVW), MR-Egger and weighted median methods. Sensitivity analyses included the MR-Egger regression and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier test. AR from 2 different GWAS data was positively associated with bipolar disorder (OR=1.649, 95% CI: 1.077-2.526; P=0.021; OR=1.599; 95%CI 1.058-2.417; P=0.026) and major depressive disorder (OR=1.539; 95%CI 1.007-2.353; P=0.047), but not other psychiatric illnesses. Bidirectional analyses showed that bipolar disorder is negatively associated with AR (OR=0.964; 95%CI: 0.936-0.993; P=0.015). There was no evidence for potential causal schizophrenia and effects of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder on risk of AR by MR method, but MR pleiotropy residual outlier test suggested that attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is negatively associated with AR after outlier correction (OR=0.976, 95%CI: 0.958-0.995, P=0.012). This MR study indicated that AR was a causal risk factor for bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder, but not for other psychiatric disorders. Bipolar disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder may be a protective factor for AR. Further studies could be carried out to unravel the underlying mechanism in AR and psychiatric disorders.
Tranilast-Tyrosine Hybrid Molecule Exhibits Dual Activity: Suppression of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Induction of Cytotoxicity in Cancer Cells
Authors: Toma Tsugumasa , Yamashita Junpei , Kamo Masahiro , Koga Ryoko , Okamoto Yoshinari , Tateishi Hiroshi , Otsuka Masami , FUJITA MIKAKO 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The anti-allergic drug tranilast (TNL) reportedly exhibits inhibitory activity against epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) at high concentrations. Herein, we synthesized a new hybrid molecule, tranilast-tyrosine (TNL-T), which is expected to increase anti-EMT activity by enhancing intracellular delivery through an amino acid transporter expressed in cancer cells. The anti-EMT activity of TNL-T was similar to that of TNL in the lung carcinoma cell line A549. Unlike TNL, TNL-T could induce dose-dependent cytotoxicity in A549 cells; this cytotoxicity was also observed in the glioblastoma cell lines U251 and U87. However, neither tyrosine nor TNL exhibited cytotoxicity, demonstrating the importance of the TNL-T structure. TNL-T, which exhibited dual activity by suppressing EMT and cancer cell proliferation, could aid in the development of new anticancer drugs.
Comparative Study of Phytochemical Profiles and Morphological Properties of Some Damask Rose From Iran
Authors: Omidi Mohammad , Khandan-Mirkohi Azizollah , Kafi Mohsen , Zamani Zabihollah , Rasouli Omid , Shaghaghi Arezoo , Kiani Mahnaz 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Rosa damascena is an aromatic rose species, is cultivated for its essential oil, and has wide application in perfume, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industries in the world. This experiment was conducted to evaluate essential oil and morphological variations of 26 Damask rose genotypes. For this purpose, the effect of harvest time i.e. early morning or evening, and sampling type i.e. fresh or dried petals was evaluated on oil content. In addition, the composition of essential oil of the genotypes was determined using Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Results: Results showed that early morning was the preferable time for flower collection based on oil content quantification. Furthermore, the oil yield of fresh petals was higher than the dried petals. Twenty-five volatile compounds were found in the extracted oils. β-damascenone, a key marker for the quality of rose oil, was found in 22 genotypes and was more than 1.5% concentration in G3, G6, and G11 genotypes. The highest components of the oil in Damask rose genotypes were nonadecane (42.51%), β-citronellol (40.82%), n-heneicosane (34.69%), geraniol (27.76%), and n-tricosane (14.2%). A wide variation in ﬂower characteristics, such as petal color (from white to nearly red) and petal numbers from about 25 to 95, were also recorded. The G2, G5, and G15 genotypes originated from Isfahan, Fars, and Kerman respectively were selected based on petal number, flower weight, and essential oil content in fresh and dried petals.Conclusions: Results suggest that the morphological and biochemical diversity of Damask rose genotypes can be used effectively to characterize genetic diversity between different genotypes and to select special traits in the breeding program
Socio-demographic correlates of unhealthy lifestyle in Ethiopia: a secondary analysis of a national survey
Authors: Gelaw Yalemzewod Assefa , Koye Digsu N. , Alene Kefyalew Addis , Ahmed Kedir Yimam , Assefa Yibeltal , Erku Daniel Asfaw , Tegegn Henok Getachew , Tesema Azeb Gebresilassie , Zeleke Berihun Megabiaw , Melaku Yohannes Adama 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to assess socio-demographic correlates of unhealthy lifestyles among adolescents and adults in Ethiopia. A population-based national cross-sectional survey using the WHO NCD STEPS instruments was conducted. Data were collected in 2015, from a total of 9,800 participants aged between 15 and 69 years. Unhealthy lifestyle scores (0 [most healthy] to 5 [most unhealthy]) were determined based on diet (daily fruit and vegetable consumption), smoking status, overweight/obesity, alcohol intake, and physical activity. A co-occurrence of 3 or more unhealthy lifestyles was considered as an unhealthy lifestyle. The study found that 98.2% of participants had low consumptions of fruit and vegetables, 5.4% smoked tobacco, 15.0% consumed excessive alcohol, 66.0% had inadequate physical activity and 2.3% were obese. One in eight (13%) participants were having three or more unhealthy lifestyles. We found that male sex, urban residence, older age, being married or living in common-law, and higher income were associated with unhealthy lifestyles. Participants with higher educational status had lower odds of unhealthy lifestyles. Socio-demographic characteristics such as sex, age, marital status, residence, income, and educational status were correlated with individuals’ lifestyles. Tailored interventions that target specific socio-demographic groups are required to address the increasing burden of unhealthy lifestyles in Ethiopia.
Rational sampling numbers of soil pH for spatial variation: A case study from Yellow River Delta
Authors: Zhang Yingxin , Duan Mengqi , Zhang Xiaoguang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Spatial variation of soil pH is important for the evaluation of environmental quality. A reasonable number of sampling points has an important meaning for accurate quantitative expression on spatial distribution of soil pH and resource savings. Based on the grid distribution point method, 797, 700, 594, 499, 398, 299, 200, 149, 100, 75 and 50 sampling points, which were randomly se-lected from 908 sampling points, constituted 12 sample sets. Semi-variance structure analysis was carried out for different point sets, and ordinary Kriging was used for spatial prediction and ac-curacy verification, and the influence of different sampling points on spatial variation of soil pH was discussed. The results showed that the pH value in Kenli County was generally between 7.8 and 8.1, and the soil was alkaline. Semi-variance models fitted by different point sets could well reflect the spatial structure characteristics of soil pH. With the decrease of the number of sampling points, the Sill value of sample set increased, and the spatial autocorrelation gradually weakened. Considering the prediction accuracy, spatial distribution and investigation cost, the number of sampling points greater than or equal to 150 could satisfy the spatial variation expression of soil pH at the county level in the Yellow River Delta. This was equivalent to taking at least 107 sam-pling points per 1 000 km2. The results in this study are applicable to areas with similar environ-mental and soil conditions as the Yellow River Delta, and have certain reference significance for them.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Histone Methyltransferase Gene Family and their Expression Profiling Study on Yield in Two-line Hybrid Wheat
Authors: Gao Shiqing , Sun Renwei , Gong Jie , Liu Yongjie , Chen Zhaobo , Chen Xianchao , Zhang Fengting , Zhang Shengquan , Gao Jiangang , Cao Junmei , Zhao Changping 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Histone methylation usually play important roles in plant development through post-translational regulation and may provide a new visual field for heterosis. The histone methyltransferase gene family has been identified in various plants, but its members and functions in hybrid wheat related in heterosis is poorly studied. Results: In this study, 175 histone methyltransferase (HMT) genes were identified, including 152 histone lysine methyltransferase (HKMT) genes and 23 protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) genes. Gene structure analysis, physicochemical properties and subcellular localization predictions of the proteins, exhibited the adequate complexity of this gene family. HKMTs in angiosperms were classified into seven different orthologous groups, while four orthologous groups for PRMTs by phylogenetic analysis. As an allohexaploid species, the number of the genes in wheat was about three times than those in diploids and showed a relatively high degree of conservation, while only a small number of subfamilies such as ASH-like and Su-(var) subfamilies have expanded their members. Fifteen potential miRNA target sites in 11 different TaHMT genes were identified, and the expression of these TaHMT genes regulated by miRNAs were mainly through post-transcriptional cleavage manners. Transcriptome analysis showed that HMT genes were mainly expressed in the reproductive organs at distinct growth stages. Expression level of TaHMT genes exhibited different trends in various hybrid combinations; lncRNAs that are highly correlated with these HMTs were shown to have extremely similar expression trends in these materials. Pearson correlation analysis of gene expression and yield traits indicated that four HMT genes may participate in the yield heterosis of two-line hybrid wheat. Conclusions: Our study identified characteristics of the histone methyltransferase gene family and enhances the understanding of the evolution and function of these members in allohexaploid wheat.
Sex Differences in Frailty of Geriatric Outpatients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Multicentre Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Nguyen Huan , Nguyen An , Le Phuong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose Frailty and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can occur concurrently and are increasingly prevalent in older populations. There is a marked variability in frailty progression between men and women. This study aimed to investigate sex differences in the prevalence and factors associated with frailty in older outpatients with T2DM. Methods This multicentre cross-sectional study included 638 outpatients (aged ≥60 years; mean age 71.9±7.2 years; male 55.5%) and was conducted from January 2019 to July 2020. Frailty was assessed using the Fried frailty phenotype. Factors associated with frailty were assessed using a logistic regression analysis. Results The overall frailty prevalence was 28.2% (men, 26.8%; women, 29.9%; P=0.388). In the adjusted model, the factors associated with greater odds of being frail were older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.11; P<0.001) and body mass index (BMI) less than 20 kg/m2 (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.16-3.32; P=0.012). Higher education (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.42-0.98; P=0.041) and productive work (OR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.03-0.36; P<0.001) were protective factors against frailty. Frailty was associated with all four factors in women, but only with older age and productive work in men.Conclusion Women were more likely to be frail compared with men with T2DM, although the difference was not significant. While older age and BMI less than 20 kg/m2 can increase the odds of frailty, and higher education and productive work can decrease the odds of frailty in women, only age and productive work were associated with frailty in men with T2DM.
Astigmatism correction and corneal aberrations variability between two locations of cap side-cut after small incision lenticule extraction: a randomized study
Authors: Zhang Ming , Yang Wen , Yang Junfeng , Guo Juan , Shu Zhiyu , Song Lei , Chen Ling , Jiang Yanliang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose To investigate astigmatism correction and the effect on corneal aberrations between two locations of the cap side-cut (CSC) after small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE) surgery.Methods In this randomized, prospective research, 91 eyes of 49 patients were investigated after SMILE. The eyes were randomized into two groups with different CSC locations. The location was set at 120° for group 1 and 90° for group 2. Uncorrected distant vision acuity (UDVA) and corrected distant vision acuity measurements, manifest refraction, and imaging were performed before and after surgery.Results At the 3-month follow-up, all eyes in both groups had a postoperative UDVA ≥ 20/20. There was no significantly difference in the refraction data nor in the safety and efficacy indices between the two groups (P=0.343 and P=0.738, separately) . The effects on corneal astigmatism, corneal root mean square high-order aberration, corneal spherical aberration, and corneal coma aberration at 0º and 90º showed no difference between the two groups.Conclusions Astigmatic correction was not influenced by two locations of the CSC in SMILE surgery. No significant difference was found in visual and corneal optical quality results with two different CSCs in SMILE surgery.
Oxidative degradation of Metolcarb by electro Fenton process
Authors: Bakhti Hayet , Hamida Najib Ben , Hauchard Didier 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study presents the degradation and the mineralization of Metolcarb or 3-methylphenyl methylcarbamate by electro Fenton process with volume cathode. This pesticide was treated using this cathode which is filled with graphite carbon granules. The solutions of Metolcarb were electrolyzed in an reactor of 1.4 liter which shows the performance and the efficiency of the process. Indeed, the effects of different parameters such as the initial concentration of Metolcarb and the intensity of applied current on the degradation kinetics of Metolcarb have been discussed as a function of time. The found results proved that the insecticide removal followed a pseudo first order. The competitive kinetics analysis of Metolcarb during its electrochemical treatment was carried out by using benzoic acid as a reference compound. The absolute rate constant for the oxidation of Metolcarb by hydroxyl radicals consequently is equal to 3.59 × 109 L mol− 1 s− 1. The mineralization of Metolcarb in terms of total organic carbon was monitored during its electrolysis by the electro Fenton process. The organic carbon is then equivalent to the total carbon determined in reaction analysis. Carbon chains can therefore be formed. The various intermediates which are produced into the electrochemical processing of Metolcarb were determined by the mass spectrometry LC/MS. The biodegradation of Metolcarb has also been investigated in active clay.
Osseointegration Reduces Aseptic Loosening of Primary Distal Femoral Implants in Pediatric and Adolescent Osteosarcoma Patients: A Retrospective Clinical and Radiographic Study
Authors: Welsh Clayton , Hull Peyton , Meckmongkol Teerin , Mumith Aadil , Lovejoy John , Giangarra Charles , Coathup Melanie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
AimThe challenge of distal femoral replacement (DFR) longevity remains a priority for orthopaedic oncologists as the overall survival and activity level of young patients with osteosarcoma continues to improve. This study hypothesised that increased extracortical osseointegration at the bone-implant shoulder will improve stress transfer adjacent to the implant, as evidenced by reduced cortical bone loss, radiolucent line progression and implant failure in young patients (<20-years) following DFR surgery.MethodsTwenty-nine patients of mean age 13.09±0.56y received a primary DFR. The clinical outcome of 11 CPS®, 10 GMRS®, 5 Stanmore® and 3 Repiphysis® implants were evaluated over a mean follow-up period of 4.25±0.55y. The osseous response to an implant shoulder composed of either a hydroxyapatite-coated grooved ingrowth collar (Stanmore®), a porous metal coating (GMRS®) or a polished metal surface (Repiphysis®) was quantified radiographically. ResultsAll (100.0%) of the Stanmore® implants, 90.0% of GMRS®, 81.8% of CPS® and 33.3% of the Repiphysis® implants survived. Significantly increased extracortical bone and osseointegration was measured adjacent to the Stanmore® implants when compared with the GMRS® and Repiphysis® implants (p<0.0001 in both cases). Significantly decreased cortical loss was identified in the Stanmore® group (p=0.005, GMRS® and p<0.0001, Repiphysis®) and at 3-years, the progression of radiolucent lines was reduced when compared with the GMRS® and Repiphysis® implants (p=0.012 and 0.026 respectively). ConclusionsImplants designed to augment osseointegration at the bone-implant shoulder may be critical in reducing short- to mid-term aseptic loosening in this vulnerable DFR patient group. Further longer-term studies are required to confirm these preliminary findings.
Classification Of Body Postures Using Smart Workwear
Authors: Lins Christian , Hein Andreas 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Despite advancing automation, employees in many industrial and service occupations still have to perform physically intensive work that may have negative effects on the health of the musculoskeletal system. For targeted preventive measures, precise knowledge of the work postures and movements performed is necessary. Methods: Prototype smart work clothes equipped with 15 inertial sensors were used to record reference body postures of 20 subjects. These reference postures were used to create a software-based posture classifier according to the Ovako Working Posture Analysing System (OWAS) by means of an evolutionary training algorithm. Results: A total of 111,275 posture shots were recorded and used for training the classifier. The results show that smart workwear, with the help of evolutionary trained software classifiers, is in principle capable of detecting harmful postures of its wearer. The detection rate of the evolutionary trained classifier (a_ccr = 0.35 for the postures of the back, a_ccr = 0.64 for the arms, and a_ccr = 0.25 for the legs) outperforms that of a TensorFlow trained classifying neural network. Conclusions: In principle, smart workwear – as prototypically shown in this paper – can be a helpful tool for assessing an individual’s risk for work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Numerous potential sources of error have been identified that can affect the detection accuracy of software classifiers required for this purpose.
Acid leaching vermiculite: A multi-functional solid catalyst with strongly electrostatic field and Brönsted acid for depolymerization of cellulose in water
Authors: Chen Xingtao , Tong Dongshen , Fang Zhi , Gao Zhenpeng , Yu Weihua 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Vermiculite is a natural, environmentally friendly mineral, which is widely used in construction, thermal insulation, metallurgy, and agriculture. In this study, vermiculite and acid-activated vermiculite was used as a solid acid catalyst for the hydrolysis of cellulose in water. The vermiculite based solids were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, and BET. The effects of reaction time, reaction temperature, mass ratio and water amount on the reaction were also investigated in the batch reactor. The results showed that the highest total reducing sugars (TRS) yield of 40.1% could be obtained on the vermiculite activated by 35(wt)% H2SO4 with the mass ratio of catalyst to cellulose of 0.18 and water to cellulose of 16 at 478 K for 3.5 h. The acid-activated vermiculite was also a stable catalyst through calcination at 628 K and the yield of TRS decreased from 40.1% to 36.2% after three times reuse. The results showed that the crystal structure of vermiculite was almost destroyed and the surface -OH groups increased after the acid treatment. However, the synergistic effect of strongly electrostatic polarization and Brönsted acid was responsible for the efficient conversion of cellulose. Finally, the mechanism of cellulose hydrolysis on the acid-activated vermiculite was suggested. This work provides a promising strategy to design an efficient solid catalyst for the cellulose hydrolysis, and also expands the use of vermiculite in a new field.