bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Numerical Example of Russell's Paradox and Its Novel Geometric Properties
Authors: Pan Xiandi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
There are some paradoxes in the composition relationship between point-line-plane-space. I found that a numerical example of Russell's paradox- ∅Pan -can solve these problems. ∅Pan is a set group that all its sets are mutually included. Geometric ∅Pan has remarkable properties that all its lines are mutually included and mutually iterated, and the same as planes and spaces. Visualization models for these geometric set groups were established through cross-composing timelines, cross-monitoring screens, and cross-sharing cyberspaces, respectively. These findings demonstrate that sets/objects can mutually include and geometries/objects can mutually iterate. I anticipate the present paper to be a starting point for a novel kind of set group and algebraic geometry.
How to Predict the Financial Prospects of a Rainwater Harvesting System——An Innovative Approach Based on Catchment Fraction
Authors: Shiguang Chen , Hongwei Sun , Qiuli Chen , Song Liu , Xuebin Chen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems are one of the most promising technologies for water supply and economic viability is often a major barrier to their implementation. In order to develop a generic method to assess the economic viability of decentralized RWH systems at a regional level, this paper investigates the effect of variations in building characteristics on the economic performance of rainwater harvesting systems in regions where the water tariffs and rainfall distribution characteristics are fixed. This paper simulated the financial efficiency (expressed as a benefit-cost ratio) of a large number of decentralized RWH systems in Guangzhou, China. It is found that the financial efficiency of RWH systems is closely related to the catchment fraction (the ratio of rainfall catchment surface to total floor area). Based on this dimensionless parameter, explicit equations expressing the financial efficiency of RWH systems were derived using a nonlinear regression method. In addition, the validity of the analytical equations was verified by the root mean square error test, normality test, and error distribution test. This analytical solution provides a simple and generic method for forecasting the investment potential of rainwater harvesting systems. The developed methodology can also be adapted to other regions merely the variations of local water price and rainfall data need to be considered.
Barriers to viral load suppression among HIV-positive adolescents in antiretroviral therapy: a retrospective cohort study in Tanga, Tanzania
Authors: Mushy Stella Emmanuel , Mtisi Expeditho , Mkawe Simon , Mboggo Eric , Ndega John , Yahya-Malima Khadija I. , Ngalesoni Frida , Muya Aisa 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: Despite lower rates of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among adolescents in Tanzania, the number of adolescents living with HIV is increasing. Generally, adolescents are lagging in achieving the “Third 95” target that focuses on suppressing the viral load to 95% of those on treatment. This study aimed to describe factors independently associated with viral load non-suppression among HIV-positive ART-experienced adolescents in care and treatment health services facilities supported by Amref Health Africa Tanzania in the Tanga region.
Methods: A retrospective review of routinely collected HIV program records was carried out. We extracted data from the CTC2 database that included age, sex, BMI, WHO HIV staging, marital status, ART duration, VLS, regimen, facility level, and Dolutegravir (DTG)-based drug. Descriptive analysis using frequencies was carried out to describe the study participants' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Multiple logistic regression was done to adjust for factors associated with viral load non-suppression. Viral load non-suppression was defined as viral load ≥ 1000 copies/ml.
Results: 2493 (98%) adolescents were on first-line ART, and 2286 (89.68%) participants were virally suppressed, while 263 (10.32%) had viral load non-suppression (≥ 1000 copies/ml). In addition, 2322 (91.09%) of participants on ART were using DTD-related drugs; of them, 92.76% were virally suppressed. Not using DTG-related drugs (OR: 13.89, 95% CI 6.44 – 16.96) and hospital facility level (OR: 3.53, 95% CI 1.39 – 8.99) were independently associated with increased odds for not achieving viral load suppression. In addition, adolescents aged between 15 – 19 years were more likely associated with viral load suppression (OR: 0.54, 95% CI 0.30 – 0.97).
Conclusion: 10.32% of the adolescents on ART did not achieve viral load suppression, not using DTG-related drugs, and the hospital facility level increased the odds of not achieving viral load suppression. The use of DTG-related drugs significantly lowered viral load. HIV intervention strategies should be improved to ensure DTG utilisation in all PLHIV on ART and techniques used by health centres are disseminated to the hospital facility level.
Empagliflozin-associated postoperative mixed metabolic acidosis. Case report and review of pathogenesis
Authors: Sitina Michal , Lukes Marek , Sra Vladimir 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis associated with SGLT2 inhibitors is a rare, relatively new and potentially fatal clinical entity, characterized by metabolic acidosis with normal or only moderately increased glycemia. Its mechanisms are not completely understood, but involve increased ketogenesis and complex renal metabolic dysfunction, resulting in both ketoacidosis and hyperchloremic acidosis. We report a rare case of fatal empagliflozin-associated acidosis with profound hyperchloremia and review its pathogenesis.
Case presentation
A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with empagliflozin underwent an elective hip replacement surgery. Since day 4 after surgery, he felt generally unwell, which resulted in cardiac arrest on the day 5. Empagliflozin-associated euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis resulting in severe hyperchloremic acidosis was identified as the cause of cardiac arrest.
Conclusions
This case documents the possibility of severe SGLT2 inhibitors-associated mixed metabolic acidosis with prevailing hyperchloremic component. Awareness of this possibility and a high degree of suspicion is crucial for correct and early diagnosis.
Optimal Design of Multilayer Radar Absorbing Materials: A Simulation-Optimization Approach
Authors: Yao Huiming , Yang Jiapeng , Li Han , Xu Jianchun , Bi Ke 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Multilayer radar absorbing materials with light weight, strong absorption, and wide absorption bandwidth are urgently demanded with the increase of electromagnetic pollution. However, the current design methods with only simulation operation or optimization strategy are not comprehensive. Here, a simulation-optimization approach including electromagnetic simulation and numerical calculation is proposed based on the interaction between different software, in which the homogeneous medium substitution method is presented to simplify the complicated structures. Besides, return loss and impedance matching of different layer structures are investigated. From the simulated results, it can be found that the structures with better impedance matching have superior absorbing performance. The optimal method shows the advantages of fast and efficient, which has tremendous potential for various applications, such as military stealth and electromagnetic wave elimination.
Alternative splicing in mouse brains affected by psychological stress is enriched in the signaling, neural transmission and blood-brain barrier pathways
Authors: Liu Chunyu , Wang Feiran , Yang Xiuju , Ren Zongyao , Chen Chao 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Psychological stress increases the risk of major psychiatric disorders. Psychological stress on mice was reported to induce differential gene expression (DEG) in mice brain regions. Alternative splicing is a fundamental aspect of gene expression and has been associated with psychiatric disorders but has not been investigated in stressed brain yet. This study investigated changes in gene expression and splicing under psychological stress, the related pathways, and possible relationship with psychiatric disorders. RNA-seq raw data of 164 mouse brain samples from 3 independent datasets with stressors including chronic social defeat stress (CSDS), early life stress (ELS), and two-hit stress of combined CSDS and ELS were collected. There were more changes in splicing than in gene expression in the ventral hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex, but stress-induced changes of individual genes by differentially spliced genes (DSGs) and DEGs could not be replicated. In contrast, pathway analyses produced robust findings: stress-induced DSGs were reproducibly enriched in neural transmission and blood-brain barrier systems, and DEGs were reproducibly enriched in stress response-related functions. The hub genes of DSG-related PPI networks were enriched in synaptic functions. The corresponding human homologs of stress-induced DSGs were robustly enriched in AD-related DSGs as well as BD and SCZ in GWAS. These results suggested that stress-induced DSGs from different datasets belong to the same biological system throughout the stress response process, resulting in consistent stress response effects.
The establishment of transient expression systems and their application for gene function analysis of flavonoid biosynthesis in Carthamus tinctorius L. (safflower)
Authors: Xian Bin , Xi Ziqing , Ren Chaoxing , Yan Jie , Chen Jiang , Pei Jin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is an important economic crop and traditional medicine riching in flavonoids, which can significantly improve cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Thus, many candidate genes for safflower flavonoid biosynthesis were cloned. However, due to the lack of homologous gene expression system, gene function research can only be carried out in model plants. It is necessary to establish gene function identification protocol in safflower.
Results: In this study, using safflower callus as experimental material, Agrobacterium transient expression system and bilolistic transient expression system were established. In the Agrobacterium transient expression system, the highest transformation rate were obtained at original Agrobacterium density of OD600 0.4, concentration of OD600 0.6, infection for 20 min, co-culture for 3 d, and AS concentration at 100 μmol·L-1. In biolistic transient expression system, the highest transformation efficiency were observed at 1350 psi helium pressure, -0.8 bar vacuum degree, 6.5 cm flight distance, the bombardment once, 3 μg·shot-1 of plasmid amount, and 100 μg·shot-1 of gold particles amount. These two transient expression systems were used for the gene function analysis of CtCHS1 as an example. After overexpression, the relative expression of CtCHS1 was increased, especially in the Agrobacterium-transformed callus. The content of some flavonoids also changed, naringenin and genistein were significantly increased in Agrobacterium-transformed callus, and luteolin, luteolin-7-O-rutinoside and apigenin derivative were significantly decreased in biolistic-transformed callus.
Conclusion: Using safflower callus as the experimental material, Agrobacterium transient expression system and bilolistic transient expression system with high expression efficiency were successfully established, and demonstrating that both transient expression systems can be used to verify gene function. The safflower callus transient expression system will be a useful methods for further analysis in gene function analysis of flavonoid biosynthesis in safflower.
Utility of M-mode ultrasound for pupillary assessment in patients with traumatic brain injury
Authors: Fu Maoliang , Liu Xinyan , Yu Dapeng , Meng Wenwen , Guo Xiuyan , Geng Xihua , Liu Ziwei , Song Xuan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Pupillary assessment is an important index to evaluate changes in the conditions of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study assessed the utility of M-mode ultrasound as a non-invasive bedside assessment to evaluate pupillary light reflex (PLR) sensitivity in patients with TBI.
Methods
This is a prospective observational study of patients with TBI. Patients were divided into brisk, sluggish, or absent groups based on their PLR sensitivity. M-mode ultrasound was performed according to standard operation guidelines using a standardized light stimulus.Pupillary diameter (PD) and PLR sensitivity were recorded. At the same time, the pupil was examined by M-mode ultrasound, and the diameter and pupillary contraction time (PCT) were measured at rest, ipsilateral opposite PLR, and contralateral opposite PLR.
Results
A total of 150 participants were included. In the briskgroup, during the ipsilaterallight reflex, the left and right PCTs were 0.09 ± 0.02s and 0.10 ± 0.09s, respectively, and the pupillary diameter variation rates (PDVRs) were 0.36 ± 0.10 and 0.35 ± 0.09. In the sluggish group, during the ipsilateral light reflex, the left and right PCTs were 0.20 ± 0.05s and 0.19 ±0.03s, respectively. PDVRs were 0.18 ± 0.07 and 0.19 ± 0.11, respectively. In the brisk group, the cut-off value of PDVR of ipsilateral PLR was 0.205, AUC value was 0.957, and sensitivity and specificity were 95.3% and 90.8%, the cut-off value of PDVR of contralateral PLR was 0.146, AUC value was 0.962, and sensitivity and specificity were 95.3% and 86.2%.
Conclusions
This study demonstrated the usefulness of M-mode ultrasound for quantitative evaluation of pupillary changes. It is a simple, rapid, and objective method that can accurately monitor PD and sensitivity to light reflex, especially in patients with eyelid edema or TBI, where pupils cannot be examined visually.
Local fuzzy rough set model over two universes and its reduction
Authors: Xie Linlin , Lin Guoping , Li Jinjin , Kou Yi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The fuzzy information system over two universes formalizes a data table corresponding to two universes as well as their relations. Although many analyses have focused on this topic, the existing models are mixed with some uncertain factors in the process of given relation, and it is unnecessary to analyze the fuzzy objects with small membership degree. This motivates us to develop a better method to handle complex data. This paper proposes a local fuzzy rough set model over two universes, then further analyzes its properties and decision rules. Moreover, the reduction method of the model is being studied. The experiment results show that the proposed model has better performance in classfication and decision making.
Spatial planning and management to control multi-ecological environmental problems: A case study of Anshan city, Liaoning, China
Authors: Zhang Tingshuang , Liu Miao , Li Chunlin , Chen Tan , Hu Yuanman , Yin Hongyan , Du Yan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Context
Many efforts have been made to control the eco-environmental problems caused by urbanization and industrialization. Meanwhile, spatial pattern and process studies are of global interest and typically focus on one certain environmental or ecological process.
Objectives
Conduct scientific planning to solve and prevent multiple eco-environmental problems.
Methods
By using multi-process models and spatial statistical methods, including CMAQ and SWAT models, we analyzed the process and spatial distribution of pollutants and identified critical control areas and landscape managements to prevent environmental pollution and ecological damage events.
Results
The models we proposed can effectively identify the link between pollutants and land use. According to the relationships of eco-environmental process and landscape, we combined the administrative districts and land use, then we divided 67 landscape control units for air pollution discharge, water pollution discharge, soil heavy metal pollution, and ecological space. For each partition, we proposed management and control measures for each region to solve the hydrological atmospheric, edaphic and ecological problems.
Conclusion
s This integrated method can provide guidance and scientific support for spatial planning or ecological construction, especially in China.
Efficacy of a smartphone application for helping individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus manage their blood glucose: a trial protocol
Authors: Tang Hongxia , Qin Hua , Zhang Mingjiao , Zhang Jihong , Tan Huiwen , Chen Mengjie , Kong Laixi , Guo Maoting , Hu Fenghui , Wang Qin , Wang Xiaoxia , Zhang Kun , Xiong Zhenzhen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: China has the largest number of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the world, and most lack knowledge about glycemic control and health management. This trial will examine whether a smartphone application can improve blood glucose management among individuals with T2DM.
Methods: This will be a multicenter randomized controlled trial conducted in outpatient endocrinology clinics at two tertiary hospitals in Chengdu, China. The trial will enroll smartphone-literature individuals at least 18 years old who have been diagnosed with T2DM based on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of at least 7.0%. Individuals will be randomly assigned to receive routine care with standard education about T2DM and glycemic control (Control), routine care as well as weekly telephone reminders to self-monitor blood glucose (Reminder), routine care and a smartphone application providing information about glycemic control and health management with T2DM (App), or the combination of routine care, the smartphone application and weekly telephone reminders (App+Reminder). After six months of these interventions, participants will be analyzed for the primary outcome of HbA1c as well as the secondary outcomes of blood glucose monitoring frequency, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, blood pressure, diabetes-related medical costs, disease progression or improvement, knowledge about diabetes, health beliefs related to diabetes, diabetes self-management behavior, and satisfaction with the smartphone application.
Discussion: This trial will determine whether a smartphone application can improve glycemic management among Chinese with T2DM. The findings may help guide the development of effective applications in China and elsewhere.
Trial registration: The trial was prospectively registered on January 17, 2021 at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) under registration number ChiCTR2100042297.
Total hip arthroplasty using the conjoined tendon-preserving posterior (CPP) approach, the modified posterior approach
Authors: Ozawa Yuto , Osawa Yusuke , Seki Taisuke , Takegami Yasuhiko , Kato Daisaku , Okamoto Masanori , Imagama Shiro 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The conjoined tendon-preserving posterior (CPP) approachis a modified posterior approach for total hip arthroplasty (THA) that preserves the short external rotator muscles and most ischiofemoral ligaments. The objective of the present study was to compare the short-term clinical outcomes, complications, and imaging evaluations of CPP and posterior approaches in THA.
Methods
This retrospective study included 72 patients: 30 patients with 36 hips who underwent THA with the CPP approach (CPP group) and 42 patients with 55 hips who underwent THA with the standard posterior approach (PA group). Assessment tools included operative times, blood loss, preoperative and postoperative one-year Harris Hip Scores (HHS), postoperative complications, and implant placement angles between the groups.
Results
The CPP approach had a significantly longer operative time and greater blood loss compare to the PA group. Preoperative and postoperative HHS were not significantly different between groups. Considering complications, the posterior approach group had one case each of dislocation and infection, and the CPP group had two cases of sciatic nerve palsy, but the difference was not significant. Cup anteversion, inclination and stem anteversion were not significantly different between groups.
Conclusion
Functional outcomes, complication rate, and implant placement angles were comparable between CPP and standard posterior approaches. The CPP approach has the potential to reduce dislocations, but attention should be paid to sciatic nerve palsy.
Targeting PHB1 to inhibit castration-resistant prostate cancer progression in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Liu Junmei , Zhang Ranran , Su Tong , Zhou Qianqian , Gao Lin , He Zongyue , Wang Xin , Zhao Jian , Xing Yuanxin , Sun Feifei , Cai Wenjie , Wang Xinpei , Désaubry Laurent , Han Bo , Chen Weiwen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is currently the main challenge for prostate cancer (PCa) treatment, and there is an urgent need to find novel therapeutic targets and drugs. Prohibitin (PHB1) is a multifunctional chaperone/scaffold protein that is upregulated in various cancers and plays a pro-cancer role. FL3 is a synthetic flavagline drug that inhibits cancer cell proliferation by targeting PHB1. However, the biological functions of PHB1 in CRPC and the effect of FL3 on CRPC cells remain to be explored.
Methods
Several public datasets were used to analyze the association between the expression level of PHB1 and PCa progression as well as PCa patient outcomes. The expression of PHB1 in human PCa specimens and PCa cell lines was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC), qRT-PCR, and western blotting. Then both the biological roles of PHB1 in castration resistance and underlying mechanisms were investigated by gain/loss-of-function analyses. Next, in vitro and in vivo a series of experiments were conducted to investigate the anti-cancer effects of FL3 on CRPC cells as well as the underlying mechanisms.
Results
PHB1 expression was significantly upregulated in CRPC and was associated with poor prognosis. PHB1 promoted castration resistance of PCa cells under androgen deprivation conditions. PHB1 is an androgen receptor (AR) suppressive gene and androgen deprivation promotes the PHB1 expression and its nucleus-cytoplasm translocation. FL3, alone or combined with the antiandrogen drug Enzalutamide (ENZ), suppressed CRPC cells especially ENZ-sensitive AR+ CRPC cells both in vitro and in vivo. By targeting the PHB1 protein, FL3 promoted its trafficking from plasma membrane and mitochondria to nucleus, which in turn inhibited AR signaling as well as MAPK signaling, but promoted apoptosis.
Conclusion
Our data indicated that PHB1 is abnormally upregulated in CRPC and involved in castration resistance and provided a novel rational therapeutic approach for CRPC.