bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virological and Serological Characterisation of SARS-CoV-2 Infections Diagnosed After mRNA BNT162b2 Vaccination Between December 2020 and March 2021
Authors: Colavita Francesca , Meschi Silvia , Gruber Cesare Ernesto Maria , Rueca Martina , Vairo Francesco , Matusali Giulia , Lapa Daniele , Giombini Emanuela , De Carli Gabriella , Spaziante Martina , Messina Francesco , Bonfiglio Giulia , Carletti Fabrizio , Lalle Eleonora , Fabeni Lavinia , Berno Giulia , Puro Vincenzo , Bartolini Barbara , Di Caro Antonino , Ippolito Giuseppe , Capobianchi Maria Rosaria , Castilletti Concetta 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundVaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are proving to be very effective in preventing severe illness; however, although rare, post-vaccine infections have been reported. The present study focuses on virological and serological features of 94 infections that occurred in Lazio Region (Central Italy) between 27 December 2020, and 30 March 2021, after one or two doses of mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine.MethodsWe evaluated clinical features, virological (viral load; viral infectiousness; genomic characterisation), and serological (anti-nucleoprotein Ig; anti-Spike RBD IgG; neutralising antibodies, nAb) characteristics of 94 post-vaccine infections at the time of diagnosis. Nasopharyngeal swabs (NPSs) and serum samples were collected in the framework of the surveillance activities on SARS-CoV-2 variants established in Lazio Region (Central Italy) and analysed at the National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani” in Rome.ResultsThe majority (92.6%) of the post-vaccine infections showed pauci/asymptomatic or mild clinical course, with symptoms and hospitalisation rate significantly less frequent in patients infected after full vaccination course as compared to patients who received a single dose vaccine. Although differences were not statistically significant, viral loads and isolation rates were lower in NPSs from patients infected after receiving two vaccine doses as compared to patients with one dose. Most cases (84%) had nAb in serum at the time of infection diagnosis, which is a sub-group of vaccinees, were found similarly able to neutralise Alpha and Gamma variants. Asymptomatic individuals showed higher nAb titres as compared to symptomatic cases (median titre: 1:120 vs. 1:40, respectively). Finally, the proportion of post-vaccine infections attributed either to Alpha and Gamma variants was similar to the proportion observed in the contemporary unvaccinated population in the Lazio region, and mutational analysis did not reveal enrichment of a defined set of Spike protein substitutions depending on the vaccination status.ConclusionOur study conducted using real-life data, emphasised the importance of monitoring vaccine breakthrough infections, through the characterisation of virological, immunological, and clinical features associated with these events, in order to tune prevention measures in the next phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Constructing a Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis Model Based on Microarray
Authors: Li Haoran , Wu Hongyun , Li Weiying , Zhou Jiapei , Yang Jie , Peng Wei 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionMultiple sclerosis is an immune-mediated demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Because of the complexity of etiology, pathology, clinical manifestations, and the diversity of classification, the diagnosis of MS is very difficult. We found that McDonald Criteria is very strict and relies heavily on the evidence for DIS and DIT. Therefore, we hope to find a new method to supplement the evidence and improve the accuracy of MS diagnosis.ResultsWe finally selected GSE61240, GSE18781, and GSE185047 based on the GPL570 platform to build a diagnosis model. We initially selected 54 MS susceptibility locus genes identified by IMSGC and WTCCC2 as predictors for the model. After Random Forests and other series of screening, the logistic regression model was established with 4 genes as the final predictors. In external validation, the model showed high accuracy with an AUC of 0.96 and an accuracy of 86.30%. Finally, we established a nomogram and an online prediction tool to better display the diagnosis model.ConclusionThe diagnosis model based on microarray data in this study has a high degree of discrimination and calibration in the validation set, which is helpful for diagnosis in the absence of evidence for DIS and DIT. Only one SLE case was misdiagnosed as MS, indicating that the model has a high specificity (93.93%), which is useful for differential diagnosis. The significance of the study lies in proving that it is feasible to identify MS by peripheral blood RNA, and the further application of the model and be used as a supplement to McDonald Criteria still need to be trained with larger sample size.
Restoring Function After Severe Spinal Cord Injury Through BioLuminescent-OptoGenetics
Authors: Petersen Eric D. , Sharkey Erik D. , Pal Akash , Shafau Lateef O. , Zenchak-Petersen Jessica , Peña Alex J. , Aggarwal Anu , Prakash Mansi , Hochgeschwender Ute 
Published: January 2022

The ability to manipulate specific neuronal populations of the spinal cord following spinal cord injury (SCI) could prove highly beneficial for rehabilitation in patients through maintaining and strengthening still existing neuronal connections and/or facilitating the formation of new connections. A non-invasive and highly specific approach to neuronal stimulation is bioluminescent-optogenetics (BL-OG), where genetically expressed light emitting luciferases are tethered to light sensitive channelrhodopsins (luminopsins, LMO); neurons are activated by the addition of the luciferase substrate coelenterazine (CTZ). This approach utilizes ion channels for current conduction while activating the channels through the application of a small chemical compound, thus allowing non-invasive stimulation and recruitment of all targeted neurons. Rats were transduced in the lumbar spinal cord with AAV2/9 to express the excitatory LMO3 under control of a pan-neuronal or motor neuron-specific promoter. A day after contusion injury of the thoracic spine, rats received either CTZ or vehicle every other day for 2 weeks. Activation of either neuron population below the level of injury significantly improved locomotor recovery lasting beyond the treatment window. Utilizing histological and gene expression methods we identified neuronal plasticity as a likely mechanism underlying the functional recovery. These findings provide a foundation for a rational approach to spinal cord injury rehabilitation, thereby advancing approaches for functional recovery after SCI.SummaryBioluminescent optogenetic activation of spinal neurons results in accelerated and enhanced locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury in rats.
Trigeminal Nerve White Matter Fiber Abnormalities in Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Diffusion Spectrum Imaging Study
Authors: Luo Si-ping , Chen Fan-fan , Zhang Han-wen , Lin Fan , Huang Guo-dong , Lei Yi 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveDiffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) was used to quantitatively study the changes in the trigeminal cistern segment in patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and to further explore the value of acquiring DSI data from patients with TN.MethodsTo achieve high-resolution fiber tracking, 60 patients with TN and 35 healthy controls (HCs) were scanned with conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and DSI. The patients and the members of the control group were compared within and between groups. The correlations between quantitative parameters of DSI and the visual analog scale (VAS), and symptom duration and responsible vessel types were analyzed.ResultsCompared with unaffected side of patients in the TN group, the affected side showed significantly decreased quantitative anisotropy (QA) (p &lt; 0.001), fractional anisotropy (FA) (p = 0.001), and general FA (GFA) (p &lt; 0.001). The unaffected side exhibited significantly decreased QA (p + 0.001), FA (p = 0.001), and GFA (p &lt; 0.001) and significantly increased axial diffusivity (AD) (p = 0.036) compared with the affected side of patients in the TN group and the average values of HCs. There were significantly decreased QA (p = 0.046) and FA (p = 0.008) between the unaffected side of patients and the average values of HCs. GFA can evidently distinguish arteries, veins, and features of unaffected side in TN patients.ConclusionUsing high-resolution fiber tracking technology, DSI can provide quantitative information that can be used to detect the integrity of trigeminal white matter in patients with TN and can improve the understanding of the disease mechanism.
Altered Effective Connectivity Measured by Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Posterior Parietal-Frontal-Striatum Circuit in Patients With Disorder of Consciousness
Authors: Chen Linglong , Rao Bo , Li Sirui , Gao Lei , Xie Yu , Dai Xuan , Fu Kai , Peng Xu Zhi , Xu Haibo 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveDisorder of consciousness (DoC) resulting from severe brain injury is characterized by cortical and subcortical dysconnectivity. However, research on seed-based effective connectivity (EC) of DoC might be questioned as to the heterogeneity of prior assumptions.MethodsFunctional MRI data of 16 DoC patients and 16 demographically matched healthy individuals were analyzed. Revised coma recovery scale (CRS-R) scores of patients were acquired. Seed-based d mapping permutation of subject images (SDM-PSI) of meta-analysis was performed to quantitatively synthesize results from neuroimaging studies that evaluated resting-state functional activity in DoC patients. Spectral dynamic causal modeling (spDCM) was used to assess how EC altered between brain regions in DoC patients compared to healthy individuals.ResultsWe found increased effective connectivity in left striatum and decreased effective connectivity in bilateral precuneus (preCUN)/posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), bilateral midcingulate cortex and left middle frontal gyrus in DoC compared with the healthy controls. The resulting pattern of interaction in DoC indicated disrupted connection and disturbance of posterior parietal-frontal-striatum, and reduced self-inhibition of preCUN/PCC. The strength of self-inhibition of preCUN/PCC was negatively correlated with the total score of CRS-R.ConclusionThis impaired EC in DoC may underlie disruption in the posterior parietal-frontal-striatum circuit, particularly damage to the cortico-striatal connection and possible loss of preCUN/PCC function as the main regulatory hub.
Effects of Baduanjin Exercise on Rehabilitation of Patients With Mild to Moderate Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Dong Shuangshuang , Wang Yiqing , Wei Hongyu , Du Shouyun , Li Xiaojing , Zhu Jianbing , Wang Yi , Cai Zenglin 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesRehabilitation, aerobic exercise, and many traditional Chinese exercises are known to significantly improve balance in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Baduanjin, a traditional physical and mental exercise, has long been practiced for health care as it regulates organs, the nervous and motor systems.MethodsWe recruited 31 eligible participants. Patients underwent a 3-week Baduanjin program, including 35-min exercise daily. Scores on the Modified Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS), Non-motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS), and gait and balance tests were compared before and after the Baduanjin program.ResultsMDS-UPDRS-total (t = 4.669, P ≤ 0.001), MDS-UPDRS part-I (t = 5.805, P ≤ 0.001), MDS-UPDRS part-II (t = 5.234, P ≤ 0.001), MDS-UPDRS part-III (t = 3.274, P = 0.003), and NMSS (t = 4.815, P ≤ 0.001) scores significantly decreased after the 3-week intervention. Gait parameters like step (t = 2.289, P = 0.030) and cycle (t = 2.181, P = 0.038) durations also significantly improved, while Balance-check® indicators, including the total score (t = −2.147, P = 0.041) and grade (t = 3.432, P = 0.002) significantly differed before and after exercise.ConclusionBaduanjin exercise shows beneficial effects for non-motor symptoms, balance, gait, and daily activities in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Baduanjin can be included in the patients’ family exercise, which is conducive to their rehabilitation, as well as for obtaining important social and economic benefits.Clinical Trial Registration[www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [ChiCTR-IPR-17011875].
Acute Oral, Subacute, and Developmental Toxicity Profiling of Naphthalene 2-Yl, 2-Chloro, 5-Nitrobenzoate: Assessment Based on Stress Response, Toxicity, and Adverse Outcome Pathways
Authors: Anwar Fareeha , Saleem Uzma , rehman Atta ur , Ahmad Bashir , Ismail Tariq , Mirza Muhammad Usman , Ahmad Sarfraz 
Published: January 2022

The U.S. National Research Council (NRC) introduced new approaches to report toxicity studies. The NRC vision is to explore the toxicity pathways leading to the adverse effects in intact organisms by the exposure of the chemicals. This study examines the toxicity profiling of the naphthalene-2-yl 2-chloro-5-dinitrobenzoate (SF5) by adopting the vision of NRC that moves from traditional animal studies to the cellular pathways. Acute, subacute, and developmental toxicity studies were assayed according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines. The stress response pathway, toxicity pathway, and adverse effects outcome parameters were analyzed by using their standard protocols. The results showed that the acute toxicity study increases the liver enzyme levels. In a subacute toxicity study, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were raised in both male and female animals. SF5 significantly increases the normal sperm count in the male animals corresponding to a decrease in the abnormality count. Developmental toxicity showed the normal skeletal and morphological parameters, except little hydrocephalus was observed in developmental toxicity. Doses of 20 mg/kg in males and 4 mg/kg in females showed decreased glutathione (GSH) levels in the kidney and liver. MDA levels were also increased in the kidney and liver. However, histopathological studies did not show any cellular change in these organs. No statistical difference was observed in histamine levels, testosterone, nuclear factor erythroid two-related factor-2 (Nrf2), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), which showed no initiation of the stress response, toxicity, and adverse effect pathways. Immunomodulation was observed at low doses in subacute toxicity studies. It was concluded that SF5 did not produce abrupt and high-toxicity levels in organs and biochemical parameters. So, it is safe for further studies.
Exercise Dependence and Body Image Concerns Amongst Group Fitness Instructors: A Self-Determination Theory Approach
Authors: Reinboth Michael S. , Sundgot-Borgen Jorunn , Bratland-Sanda Solfrid 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionDespite the fact that group fitness instructors serve as significant role models with potentially great impact on class participants' motivation for exercise, they are a very under-researched group. The aim of this study was therefore to examine group fitness instructors' motivational regulations for exercise, and how these motivational regulations can predict symptoms of exercise dependence and body image concerns.MethodsGroup fitness instructors from the largest fitness companies in Norway (n = 837, response rate: 57%) completed an online survey with reference to the Situational Motivation Scale (SIMS), the Exercise Dependence Scale (EDS), the Eating Disorders Inventory subscales drive for thinness (EDI-DT) and body dissatisfaction (EDI-BD), and their weekly amount of exercise and instruction.ResultsThe instructors scored high on identified regulation and intrinsic regulation for exercise. EDS total score was positively correlated with all SIMS subscales and weekly instruction was positively correlated with Intrinsic regulation. Multiple hierarchical regression analyses found that both self-determined motivational regulations as well as external regulation positively predicted their EDS score. External regulation positively predicted EDI-DT, and EDI-BD.ConclusionGroup fitness instructors seem highly intrinsically motivated for exercise, which is hypothesized to have a positive impact on group fitness class participants. High self-determined exercise behavior does not seem to buffer against symptoms of exercise dependence within this specific population. There is a need for awareness of group fitness instructors who show high exercise dependency scores due to the link to body image concerns, amotivation and external regulated motivation.
Implementing Introductory Training in Trauma-Informed Care Into Mental Health Rehabilitation Services: A Mixed Methods Evaluation
Authors: Nation Laura , Spence Nicola , Parker Stephen , Wheeler Maddison Paige , Powe Kate , Siew Mei , Nevin Tamara , McKay Michelle , White Michelle , Dark Frances Louise 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveThis paper describes the implementation of training in trauma-informed care (TIC) across a mental health rehabilitation service.MethodA mixed-methods approach was applied incorporating baseline measures of staff attitudes toward TIC, quantitative description of staff training participation, and semi-structured interviews of Team Leaders' views on the implementation of TIC.ResultsFifty-five of 123 staff responded to the Organizational Change Readiness Assessment (OCRA) survey (44.7%). Training completion varied considerably between the eight rehabilitation teams (4.8–78%). Analysis of the Team Leader interviews identified four broad themes: The need to respect the person's life journey including the risk of re-traumatization; the importance of considering the context of implementing TIC training; TIC being an essential part of mental health care; and staff may also have trauma histories.ConclusionsStaff working in mental health rehabilitation are supportive of the need for TIC. The variable training uptake did not reflect the staff comments about the importance of TIC. The burden of adjusting mental health care delivery to COVID-19 restrictions was reported as a major influence on the uptake of training. Systematically implementing training in TIC is required but needs to be complemented by a structured organizational approach to aid embedding this approach into daily mental healthcare delivery.
Perception and Challenges of Preventive Measures of COVID-19 Among Nepalese Frontline Health Professionals: An Unexplored Realism
Authors: Pathak Krishna Prasad , Sanyam Sandip Das , Gaire Tara , Basnet Pushpa Babu , Sah Sanjay Kumar , Basnet Buddha Bahadur , Pathak Sujana , Ingman Stan , Hoffman Jeremy J. 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundA new coronavirus causes COVID-19, a developing respiratory illness. Unfortunately, there is little information assessing healthcare workers' understanding of technology and preventative strategies during the Nepalese epidemic. Researchers from other subspecialties uncovered some mythical thoughts. As a result, we decided to put it to the test with healthcare personnel on the front lines. The research also looked at the problems experienced by frontline health care personnel (HCP) because of the COVID-19 strategic shift in work policy.MethodsNepalese healthcare workers participated in web-based cross-sectional research. A pre-tested, structured questionnaire utilizing a Google form was used to get self-informed, digitally typed consent, and examine critical perspectives and problems with current technology and COVID-19 prevention efforts.ResultsIn total, 243 participants with mean age of 29.66 ± 7.61 years agreed to participate and were doctors (n = 27), health assistants (n = 2), medical intern doctors (n = 1), paramedical (n = 139), pharmacy (n = 1), and paramedical interns (n = 73) in this study. The calculated mean percentage score of knowledge on instruments and tools was 73.64 (SD ± 10.43) %, and perception on COVID-19 transmission and control was 70.06 (SD ± 18.30) %. At various levels, frontline health workers faced significant challenges, including the adoption of digital health technology.ConclusionFrontline HCPs are anticipated to have updated knowledge from what the study has outlined. It is recommended to follow national guidelines. Policies should be put in place so that every frontline worker can demonstrate high standards in prevention, control, and equipment use that do not create misinformation among HCPs. Throughout, support for digital health materials and disease control methods for HCPs is essential.
EVALUASI PELAKSANAAN KESELAMATAN PASIEN (PASIEN SAFETY) DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH LABUANG BAJI MAKASSAR
Authors: Haritsa Annisa isti , Haskas Yasir 
Published: January 2022

Keselamatan pasien (patient sefety) merupakan suatu variabel untuk mengukur dan mengevaluasi kualitas pelayanan keperawatan yang berdampak terhadap pelayanan kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengevaluasi pelaksanaan keselamatan pasien di ruang inap Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Labuang Baji Makassar. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan ialah metode deskriktif kuantitatif dengan tehnik observasional. Metode sampling yang digunakan dengan tehnik purposive sampling didapatkan sampel 70 responden sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan lembar observasi. Hasil penelitian Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Keselamatan Pasien di RSUD Labuang Baji menunujukkan bahwa dari 70 responden yang telah melakukan identifikasi pasien yaitu sebanyak 70 responden (100%). Komunikasi efektif 70 reponden (100%). Peningkatan keamanan obat sebanyak 66 responden (94,3 %) telah melakukan keamanan obat dan yang tidak melakukan 4 responden (5,7 %). Ketepatan pasien, tepat lokasi, dan tepat prosedur operasi 70 responden (100%). Pengurangan resiko infeksi serbanyak 67 responden (95,7%) dan yang tidak melakukan yaitu sebanyak 3 responden (4,3%). Pengurangan resiko pasien jatuh sebanyak 64 responden (91,4%) dan yang tidak melakukan yaitu sebanyak 6 responden (8,6%).
Eucalyptus globulus essential oil increases neovascularization and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in male Wistar rats exposed to UVB
Authors: Indrawati Noviana , Iswari Ida Sri , Winarti Ni Wayan 
Published: January 2022

Background

Eucalyptus globulus essential oil contained 1,8-cineol, which may accelerate wound healing. This study aimed to prove Eucalyptus globulus essential oil’s effect on increasing neovascularization and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) expression in Wistar rats skin exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB).

Methods
A Post-test only controls group study design was applied on 36 male Wistar rats, aged 3-4 months old, weighing 150-200 grams. The animal subject was exposed to UVB (65 mJ/cm2, 65 seconds for seven days), injured on their back using a punch biopsy with a diameter of 10 mm, and divided into two groups. For seven days, on the wound, the control group was given 2 ml of 0.9% NaCl twice a day, while the treatment group was given Eucalyptus globulus essential oil (2 ml). Both groups were given oral Amoxicillin three times a day. The skin tissue was taken on day eight to assess neovascularization and VEGF expression.

Results
The results show that neovascularization in the treatment group was higher than in the control group (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the median VEGF expression in the treatment group was also higher than in the control group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Topical administration of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil increased neovascularization and VEGF expression in the skin of male Wistar rats injured and exposed to UVB. Further research is needed to assess the effectiveness of the essential oil in enhancing neovascularization and VEGF expression in humans with multiple exposures at different doses to optimize the wound-healing effect.