bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heart rate variability and atrial fibrillation in the general population: a longitudinal and Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Geurts Sven , Tilly Martijn J. , Arshi Banafsheh , Stricker Bruno H. C. , Kors Jan A. , Deckers Jaap W. , de Groot Natasja M. S. , Ikram M. Arfan , Kavousi Maryam 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundSex differences and causality of the association between heart rate variability (HRV) and atrial fibrillation (AF) in the general population remain unclear.Methods12,334 participants free of AF from the population-based Rotterdam Study were included. Measures of HRV including the standard deviation of normal RR intervals (SDNN), SDNN corrected for heart rate (SDNNc), RR interval differences (RMSSD), RMSSD corrected for heart rate (RMSSDc), and heart rate were assessed at baseline and follow-up examinations. Joint models, adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors, were used to determine the association between longitudinal measures of HRV with new-onset AF. Genetic variants for HRV were used as instrumental variables in a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary-level data.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 9.4 years, 1302 incident AF cases occurred among 12,334 participants (mean age 64.8 years, 58.3% women). In joint models, higher SDNN (fully-adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24, 1.04–1.47,p = 0.0213), and higher RMSSD (fully-adjusted HR, 95% CI 1.33, 1.13–1.54,p = 0.0010) were significantly associated with new-onset AF. Sex-stratified analyses showed that the associations were mostly prominent among women. In MR analyses, a genetically determined increase in SDNN (odds ratio (OR), 95% CI 1.60, 1.27–2.02,p = 8.36 × 10–05), and RMSSD (OR, 95% CI 1.56, 1.31–1.86,p = 6.32 × 10–07) were significantly associated with an increased odds of AF.ConclusionLongitudinal measures of uncorrected HRV were significantly associated with new-onset AF, especially among women. MR analyses supported the causal relationship between uncorrected measures of HRV with AF. Our findings indicate that measures to modulate HRV might prevent AF in the general population, in particular in women.Graphical abstractAF; atrial fibrillation,GWAS; genome-wide association study, IVW; inverse variance weighted,MR; Mendelian randomization, MR-PRESSO; MR-egger and mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier,RMSSD; root mean square of successive RR interval differences,RMSSDc; root mean square of successive RR interval differences corrected for heart rate,SDNN; standard deviation of normal to normal RR intervals,SDNNc; standard deviation of normal to normal RR intervals corrected for heart rate,WME; weighted median estimator.aRotterdam Studyn=12,334bHRV GWASn=53,174cAF GWASn=1,030,836
Resolving disputed subspecies distribution limits, and revealing intraspecific intergradation, in the Common Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus using citizen science and museum data
Authors: Martinez Nicolas , Kirwan Guy M. , Schweizer Manuel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractContact zones with hybridization are documented for several Palearctic bird taxa. However, their extent is still poorly understood in many cases, including the Common Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus. Nominate P. p. phoenicurus breeds across most of the species’ range, whereas P. p. samamisicus is restricted to the south-eastern part. Their precise distributions are disputed as is the existence and prevalence of hybridization between them within potential contact zones in the Balkans, Turkey and the Caucasus region. Adult males differ by the presence (samamisicus) or absence (phoenicurus) of a white wing patch; however, there is variation and white is lacking in most second-calendar-year males of both subspecies. Further, male samamisicus is thought to be darker on the mantle. We map the occurrence of pre-defined states in these two characters during the breeding season across the species’ range based upon photos in online citizen science databases, subsequently complemented by an examination of museum specimens to refute or verify the pattern inferred from photos. We demonstrate that the extent of white in the wing varies throughout the range, but nevertheless is geographically structured. Adult breeders with a large white wing patch and black mantle occurred only in Greece, southern Bulgaria, Turkey, Crimea, and the Caucasus to Iran, which should be considered the breeding range of samamisicus. Earlier reports of intermediates and/or phoenicurus breeding there perhaps reflect confusion with second-year male samamisicus. Broad areas in the Balkans and north of the Black Sea were revealed as zones of intraspecific intergradation. Employing citizen science data enabled us to acquire a much larger sample than by using museum material alone. Although photographs from citizen science databases are unlikely to ever completely replace museum specimens, our approach of combining both types of data could prove a model for similar future research.
Associations of Duration of Preadoption Out-of-home Care, Genetic Risk for Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders and Adoptive Family Functioning with Later Psychiatric Disorders of Adoptees
Authors: Myllyaho Toni , Siira Virva , Wahlberg Karl-Erik , Hakko Helinä , Taka-Eilola Tiina , Läksy Kristian , Tikkanen Ville , Roisko Riikka , Niemelä Mika , Räsänen Sami 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe objective was to examine the impacts of duration of preadoption out-of-home care and adoptive family functioning on later psychiatric morbidity of adoptees with high (HR) and low (LR) genetic risk for schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The study uses nationwide data from the Finnish Adoptive Family Study of Schizophrenia. The study population in this substudy consisted of 43 h adoptees and 128 LR adoptees. Of these adoptees, 90 had spent 0–6 months and 81 over 6 months in preadoption out-of-home care. The family functioning of adoptive families was assessed based on Global Family Ratings and psychiatric disorders on DSM-III-R criteria. The results showed that among the adoptees with over 6 months in preadoption out-of-home care, the likelihood for psychiatric disorders was significantly increased in HR adoptees compared to LR adoptees. In adoptees with 6 months or less in preadoption out-of-home care, an increased likelihood for psychiatric disorders was found among those living in adoptive families with dysfunctional processes. These findings indicate that especially for HR children, a well-functioning early caregiving environment is crucial in terms of subsequent mental wellbeing. The results emphasize that when adoption is necessary, early placement and well-functioning adoptive family environment are beneficial to children.
Life at the academic coalface: validation of a holistic academic workload estimation tool
Authors: Kenny John , Fluck Andrew Edward 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper reports on research exploring the academic workload and performance practices of Australian universities. This research has identified a suite of activities associated with teaching, research and service, each with an associated time value (allocation). This led to the development of the academic workload estimation tool (AWET). In 2020, to validate the findings, we contacted academics willing to participate further and conducted interviews. We used the AWET to estimate workload for each individual for the previous year and compared it to the workload allocated according to their institutional workload model. Discrepancies were then discussed to ascertain to what extent the AWET was able to capture their work. In general, the participants thought the AWET provided a more realistic estimate of their actual work and highlighted how much is underestimated or unaccounted for by the workload models used within their institutions. It also showed how academic performance policies, focussed primarily on research output, disadvantaged many individuals because they ignored or minimised many scholarly, teaching and service-related tasks inherent in the academic role. Overall, the findings showed the AWET was a useful tool to discuss academic work and assisted them to better capture the complexity and extent of what they did. We offer the AWET as a validated approach for academics to estimate their workload in a holistic and transparent manner. We suggest its implementation institution-wide, along with an aligned performance policy, will facilitate negotiation of reasonable performance expectations. This will rebuild trust in the processes and improve a university’s effectiveness.
On the description of the microdomains within carbon fiber precursory mesophase pitch: a mesoscopic continuum approach
Authors: Florindo Caio César Ferreira , Papenfuss Christina , Bassi Adalberto Bono Maurizio Sacchi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe present paper proposes a mesoscopic continuum approach in order to describe the behavior of microdomains within carbon fiber precursory mesophase pitch. The microdomains are assumed to have an orientation, which is determined by the average orientation of the particles that form it. On the mesoscopic space, balance equations for the microdomains are presented. Evolution equations for the density and for the orientation of the crystalline microdomains are proposed. In order to determine the temporal variation of the microdomain density, it was deduced a quite simple relation between mass production, critical density of microdomains and a mesoscopic operator acting on the orientation distribution function. As presented in the present work, the mass production can be determined by the crystallization kinetics theory via the steady-state nucleation rate. Specific forms for the mesoscopic operator are proposed in this work, although they may be extended to other models that describe oriented microstructures. There are not yet enough experimental data to test the mesoscopic model deduced here, but in turn, it is presented as a new tool for experimental studies, since it can estimate the time rate of microdomain property changes. Possible extensions of this model could be applied to describe mechanical and rheological properties of carbon fibers.
The information inelasticity of habits: Kahneman’s bounded rationality or Simon’s procedural rationality?
Authors: Khalil Elias L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhy would decision makers (DMs) adopt heuristics, priors, or in short “habits” that prevent them from optimally using pertinent information—even when such information is freely-available? One answer, Herbert Simon’s “procedural rationality” regards the question invalid: DMs do not, and in fact cannot, process information in an optimal fashion. For Simon, habits are the primitives, where humans are ready to replace them only when they no longer sustain a pregiven “satisficing” goal. An alternative answer, Daniel Kahneman’s “mental economy” regards the question valid: DMs make decisions based on optimization. Kahneman understands optimization not differently from the standard economist’s “bounded rationality.” This might surprise some researchers given that the early Kahneman, along with Tversky, have uncovered biases that appear to suggest that choices depart greatly from rational choices. However, once we consider cognitive cost as part of the constraints, such biases turn out to beoccasionalfailures of habits that are otherwise optimal on average. They are optimal as they save us the cognitive cost of case-by-case deliberation. While Kahneman’s bounded rationality situates him in the neoclassical economics camp, Simon’s procedural rationality echoes Bourdieu’s “habitus” camp. To abridge the fault line of the two camps, this paper proposes a “two problem areas hypothesis.” Along the neoclassical camp, habits satisfy wellbeing, what this paper calls “substantive satisfaction.” Along the Bourdieu camp, habits satisfy belonging, love, and bonding with one’s environment, what this paper calls “transcendental satisfaction.”
Unveiling the role of entrepreneurial knowledge and cognition as antecedents of entrepreneurial intention: a meta-analytic study
Authors: Liao Ying-Kai , Nguyen Vu Huu Anh , Caputo Andrea 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlthough entrepreneurial intention has been regarded as one of the most important drivers of creativity, innovation, and performance in firms, a comprehensive framework that integrates the relevant influential factors has yet to be developed. Drawing on the theory of planned behavior and the social cognitive career theory, this study investigates the critical antecedents, mediators, and moderators of entrepreneurial intention. A meta-analytic approach is employed to validate the proposed hypotheses, and 89 primary studies with a total sample size of 51,919 are analyzed. The results indicate the existence of differences in the manner in which entrepreneurial knowledge influences cognitive antecedents in the individuals who participate in new ventures. Furthermore, personal attitude and self-efficacy play a vital role in predicting entrepreneurial intention. Demographic characteristics (such as age, gender, and education background) significantly moderate the relationship between cognitive antecedents and entrepreneurial intention, indicating that men tend to adopt more entrepreneurial behaviors than women, that older individuals with more positive attitudes have a higher propensity to start ventures than younger ones, and that those with higher education attainment tend to have lower self-employment. These findings offer several recommendations. They could provide valuable references for further academic work, which should aim to extend and validate them. The findings are also very beneficial for professional experts tasked with the design of effective programs for enhancing entrepreneurial behavior.
Bosutinib in Japanese patients with newly diagnosed chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia: final 3-year follow-up results of a phase 2 study
Authors: Ono Takaaki , Hino Masayuki , Matsumura Itaru , Fujisawa Shin , Ishizawa Kenichi , Sakaida Emiko , Sekiguchi Naohiro , Ono Chiho , Aizawa Mana , Tanetsugu Yusuke , Koide Yuichiro , Takahashi Naoto 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBosutinib has been evaluated for treatment of chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CP-CML) in several clinical studies, including in Japan. This open-label, single-arm, phase 2 study evaluated the efficacy and safety of bosutinib at a starting dose of 400 mg once daily in Japanese patients (n = 60) with newly diagnosed CP-CML. The minimum follow-up period was 3 years and median duration of treatment was 35.9 months. At study completion, 60% of patients were still on treatment. Cumulative rates of major molecular response (MMR), molecular response4 (MR4), and MR4.5 at any time were 70.0%, 53.3%, and 48.3%, respectively. No patient who achieved MMR or MR4 had a confirmed loss of response. No patient experienced on-treatment transformation to accelerated/blast phase or died within 28 days of the last bosutinib dose. Any-grade treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) occurred in 100% (grade ≥ 3: 81.7%) of patients. The most common TEAEs were diarrhea (86.7%), increased alanine aminotransferase (55.0%), and increased aspartate aminotransferase (46.7%). No new safety signals emerged during the follow-up period. Bosutinib continues to demonstrate a favorable benefit/risk profile and is an important treatment option for Japanese patients with newly diagnosed CP-CML. Optimal management of TEAEs during initial treatment with bosutinib should be prioritized.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03128411.
Adaptive hierarchical hyper-gradient descent
Authors: Jie Renlong , Gao Junbin , Vasnev Andrey , Tran Minh-Ngoc 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAdaptive learning rate strategies can lead to faster convergence and better performance for deep learning models. There are some widely known human-designed adaptive optimizers such as Adam and RMSProp, gradient based adaptive methods such as hyper-descent and practical loss-based stepsize adaptation (L4), and meta learning approaches including learning to learn. However, the existing studies did not take into account the hierarchical structures of deep neural networks in designing the adaptation strategies. Meanwhile, the issue of balancing adaptiveness and convergence is still an open question to be answered. In this study, we investigate novel adaptive learning rate strategies at different levels based on the hyper-gradient descent framework and propose a method that adaptively learns the optimizer parameters by combining adaptive information at different levels. In addition, we show the relationship between regularizing over-parameterized learning rates and building combinations of adaptive learning rates at different levels. Moreover, two heuristics are introduced to guarantee the convergence of the proposed optimizers. The experiments on several network architectures, including feed-forward networks, LeNet-5 and ResNet-18/34, show that the proposed multi-level adaptive approach can significantly outperform many baseline adaptive methods in a variety of circumstances.
Comparative analysis of complement C3 and C4 serum levels for outcome prediction in ANCA-associated renal vasculitis
Authors: Tampe Désirée , Baier Eva , Hakroush Samy , Tampe Björn 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The activation of the complement system contributes essentially to the pathogenesis of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated renal vasculitis. We here aimed to directly compare levels of C3 and C4 for outcome prediction in ANCA-associated renal vasculitis.

Methods
Serum levels of complement components C3 and C4 were directly compared in association with clinical and outcome data in a retrospective cohort of ANCA-associated renal vasculitis.

Results
As compared to poor outcome prediction by low levels of complement C3 (p = 0.0093), low levels of complement C4 did not associate with early requirement of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) or death (p = 0.2396). In the subgroup that experienced KRT or death, low C3 levels identified 11/14 (78.6%, p = 0.0071) and C4 levels 9/14 (64.3%, p = 0.1786) cases. Interestingly, 2/14 (14.3%) patients that experienced KRT or death had isolated C4 lowering, and combining low C3 and/or C4 levels identified 13/14 (92.3%, p < 0.0001) cases in this subgroup. Non-superiority to predict poor outcome by low C3 and/or C4 as compared to C3 alone in the total cohort was attributed to 4/24 (16.7%) patients with isolated C4 lowering in the subgroup that did not experience KRT or death.

Conclusion
While low levels of complement C3 were superior in predicting poor outcome in ANCA-associated renal vasculitis, a minor fraction with poor outcome had isolated C4 lowering not captured by serum C3 measurements. Therefore, detailed knowledge of distinct complement components contributing to kidney injury could be of relevance to improve current strategies targeting the complement system in ANCA-associated renal vasculitis.

Graphical abstract
Molybdenum Oxynitride Atomic Nanoclusters Bonded in Nanosheets of N-Doped Carbon Hierarchical Microspheres for Efficient Sodium Storage
Authors: Pan Xiaona , Xi Baojuan , Lu Huibing , Zhang Zhengchunyu , An Xuguang , Liu Jie , Feng Jinkui , Xiong Shenglin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTransition metal nitrides have attracted considerable attention as great potential anode materials due to their excellent metallic conductivity and high theoretical specific capacity. However, their cycling performance is impeded by their instability caused by the reaction mechanism. Herein, we report the engineering and synthesis of a novel hybrid architecture composed of MoO2.0N0.5 atomic nanoclusters bonded in nanosheets of N-doped carbon hierarchical hollow microspheres (MoO2.0N0.5/NC) as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries. The facile self-templating strategy for the synthesis of MoO2.0N0.5/NC involves chemical polymerization and subsequent one-step calcination treatments. The design is beneficial to improve the electrochemical kinetics, buffer the volume variation of electrodes during cycling, and provide more interfacial active sites for sodium uptake. Due to these unique structural and compositional merits, these MoO2.0N0.5/NC exhibits excellent sodium storage performance in terms of superior rate capability and stable long cycle life. The work shows a feasible and effective way to design novel host candidates and solve the long-term cycling stability issues for sodium-ion batteries.
Regional variation in tax compliance and the role of culture
Authors: Guerra Alice , Harrington Brooke 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis research note analyzes the role of culture on individuals’ tax compliance by focusing on regional differences within a single country: Italy. Southern Italy has long been a focus of research interest, not only for its high rates of tax evasion, but for a host of other social and political ills, all usually attributed to regional culture. Our laboratory tax compliance experiment, conducted in provinces of the northern and southern regions, reveals that taxpayers in the north and south generally behaved alike both in terms of average compliance rates and individuals’ sensitivity to changes in tax structures—except for lower responsiveness to greater redistribution of tax revenues among subjects in Salerno than those in Bologna. This suggests the limited explanatory power of culture in tax compliance in favor of institutional explanations.
Blended structural optimization for wire-and-arc additively manufactured beams
Authors: Laghi Vittoria , Palermo Michele , Bruggi Matteo , Gasparini Giada , Trombetti Tomaso 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCurrent manufacturing techniques in the construction sector are slow, expensive and constrained in terms of architectural shapes. In other manufacturing sectors (such as automotive and aerospace) the use of automated construction systems significantly improved the safety, speed, quality and complexity of products. To realize real-scale structural elements for construction applications without ideally any geometrical constraints either in size or shape, the most suitable manufacturing solution for metallic elements is a directed energy deposition (DED) process referred to as wire-and-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). The main advantage of WAAM relies on the possibility to create new shapes and forms following the breakthrough design tools for modern architecture as algorithm-aided design. At the same time, the printed part ensures high structural performances with reduced material use with respect to the conventional solution. The study presents a new approach called “blended” structural optimization, which blends topology optimization with basic principles of structural design and manufacturing constraints proper of WAAM technology, towards the realization of new efficient structural elements. The approach is applied to the case study of a I-type stainless steel beam on a multi-storey frame building. The approach could pave the way towards an efficient use of WAAM process to produce a new generation of structurally optimized elements for construction, with a more conscious use of the optimization tools and an efficient application of metal 3D printing.