bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
School Physical Activity Policy
Authors: Lounsbery Monica A.F. , McKenzie Thomas L. , Smith Nicole J. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
This article provides a general summary of school physical activity policies, addresses the appeal of policy as means to increase school physical activity, identifies general policy research approaches and findings, and outlines perspectives on future policy research in schools. It begins with an overview of the elementary school physical activity environment, distinguishes policies from practices, and outlines why school physical activity policy can be considered as a viable solution for improving population-level physical activity and health. Next, it describes relevant aspects of policy and provides an overview of policy-related research aims and findings. Lastly, it provides perspectives on policy research efforts that are needed to support evidence-based advocacy efforts.
Factores asociados al desarrollo de estrés, ansiedad y depresión en trabajadores sanitarios en el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19 en Perú
Authors: Osorio-Martínez Miriam Leny , Malca-Casavilca Michan , Condor-Rojas Yudy , Becerra-Bravo Melissa Aracely , Ruiz Ramirez Eliberto 
Published: July 2022

Objetivo: Describir las características sociodemográficas y determinar los factores asociados a manifestaciones psicológicas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés en trabajadores sanitarios en el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19 en los establecimientos de salud del Perú durante mayo de 2020.
Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en trabajadores sanitarios de establecimientos hospitalarios del Perú. Se elaboró un cuestionario estructurado que incluía las características sociodemográficas, la profesión, área y lugar de trabajo, y cuestionarios validados para trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (GAD-7), Salud del paciente (PHQ-9) y la Escala de impacto del estresor revisada (IES-R). Para el análisis se utilizó modelos lineales generalizados de Poisson, función de enlace logarítmico y varianzas robustas. Se calculó el rango intercuartílico (RIC) y la razón de prevalencia ajustada (RPa) y su intervalo de confianza del 95% (IC95%).
Resultados: De un total de 258 encuestados, 254 (98%) completaron al cuestionario, siendo el 61,8% mujeres y el área de trabajo más común emergencia u hospitalización (62,2%). La puntuación mediana del PHQ-9 fue 4 (RIC:2-7), del GAD-7 fue 6 (RIC:4-8) y para el IES-R fue 16 (RIC:8-24). El análisis multivariado mostró que ser médico se asocia con una menor prevalencia de ansiedad (RPa: 0,77; IC 95%: 0,62-0,94), mientras que vivir solo se asoció con una mayor prevalencia de depresión (RPa: 1,46; IC 95%: 1,11-1,92).
Conclusión: El personal sanitario manifestó alteraciones psicológicas, asociado principalmente al personal no médico y vivir solo.
Boosting electroluminescence performance of all solution processed InP based quantum dot light emitting diodes using bilayered inorganic hole injection layers
Authors: Li Qiuyan , Cao Sheng , Yu Peng , Ning Meijing , Xing Ke , Du Zhentao , Zou Bingsuo , Zhao Jialong 
Published: July 2022

The development of high-performance InP-based quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) has become the current trend in ecofriendly display and lighting technology. However, compared with Cd-based QLEDs that have already been devoted to industry, the efficiency and stability of InP-based QLEDs still face great challenges. In this work, colloidal

NiO

x

and Mg-doped

NiO

x

nanocrystals were used to prepare a bilayered hole injection layer (HIL) to replace the classical polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) HIL to construct high-performance InP-based QLEDs. Compared with QLEDs with a single HIL of PEDOT:PSS, the bilayered HIL enables the external quantum efficiencies of the QLEDs to increase from 7.6% to 11.2%, and the

T

95

lifetime (time that the device brightness decreases to 95% of its initial value) under a high brightness of

1000

cd

m

−
2

to prolong about 7 times. The improved performance of QLEDs is attributed to the bilayered HIL reducing the mismatched potential barrier of hole injection, narrows the potential barrier difference of indium tin oxide (ITO)/hole transport layer interface to promote carrier balance injection, and realizes high-efficiency radiative recombination. The experimental results indicate that the use of bilayered HILs with p-type

NiO

x

might be an efficient method for fabricating high-performance InP-based QLEDs.
User perspectives and preferences on a novel TB LAM diagnostic (Fujifilm SILVAMP TB LAM)–a qualitative study in Malawi and Zambia
Authors: Herrmann Yannis , Lainati Federica , Castro María del Mar , Mwamba Chanda P. , Kumwenda Moses , Muyoyeta Monde , Broger Tobias , Heinrich Norbert , Olbrich Laura , Corbett Elizabeth L. , McMahon Shannon A. , Engel Nora , Denkinger Claudia M. 
Published: July 2022

Widely available tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics use sputum samples. However, many patients, particularly children and patients living with HIV (PLHIV), struggle to provide sputum. Urine diagnostics are a promising approach to circumvent this challenge while delivering reliable and timely diagnosis. This qualitative study in two high TB/HIV burden countries assesses values and preferences of end-users, along with potential barriers for the implementation of the novel Fujifilm SILVAMP TB-LAM (FujiLAM, Fujifilm, Japan) urine test. Between September 2020 and March 2021, we conducted 42 semi-structured interviews with patients, health care providers (HCPs) and decision makers (DMs) (e.g., in national TB programs) in Malawi and Zambia. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a framework approach supported by NVIVO. Findings aligned with the pre-existing Health Equity Implementation Framework, which guided the presentation of results. The ease and convenience of urine-based testing was described as empowering among patients and HCPs who lamented the difficulty of sputum collection, however HCPs expressed concerns that a shift in agency to the patient may affect clinic workflows (e.g., due to less control over collection). Implementation facilitators, such as shorter turnaround times, were welcomed by operators and patients alike. The decentralization of diagnostics was considered possible with FujiLAM by HCPs and DMs due to low infrastructure requirements. Finally, our findings support efforts for eliminating the CD4 count as an eligibility criterion for LAM testing, to facilitate implementation and benefit a wider range of patients. Our study identified barriers and facilitators relevant to scale-up of urine LAM tests in Malawi and Zambia. FujiLAM could positively impact health equity, as it would particularly benefit patient groups currently underserved by existing TB diagnostics. Participants view the approach as a viable, acceptable, and likely sustainable option in low- and middle-income countries, though adaptations may be required to current health care processes for deployment.
Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00021003. URL: https://www.drks.de/drks_web/setLocale_EN.do
Approaching the Danske Bank Scandal in a “Tragedy of the Commons” Perspective: Implications for Anti-Money Laundering Institutional Design and Regulatory Reforms in Europe
Authors: Minto Andrea , Skovmand Rasmussen Niels 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Policy- and law-makers worry increasingly about how recent money laundering scandals unfolded. There is widespread confusion, though, about what went wrong – “the failures” – and uncertainty as to how to control and cope with them. This article offers a conceptual framework and legal analysis for examining the underpinning “failures”, what causes them, and how, if at all, those failures interact with each other. In doing so, it disentangles three layers, namely “corporate failure”, “supervisory failure”, and “political failure”.
Historically, scholars have tended to think of each of those failures separately. However, we believe that a greater focus should be devoted to whether and how the three failures exhibit interactions and even feed on one another. This holistic perspective reveals that scandals such as the one in Danske Bank might result from a type of “tragedy of the commons” in which each layer – corporate, supervisory, and political – generate significant asymmetries of information between parties and actors, exacerbating the agency problems which pervade financial markets.
The article will apply Elinor Ostrom’s IAD (Institutional Analysis and Development) framework as to account for the complexity and interconnection in financial markets. Such framework is used to examine the recent developments in policy- and law-making in European anti-money laundering legislation.
Not only does the IAD framework explain how the supervisor failure escalated and spilled over but it also sheds new light on why it happened. Together these insights are critical in a legal policy evaluation as they allow scholars to look pass the mere effects of the supervisory failure and focus diligently on the underlying causes. From a purely methodological perspective, it thus demonstrates the added value of incorporating an institutional analysis in doctrinal legal research.
Effect of chloride ion concentration on stress corrosion cracking and electrochemical corrosion of high manganese steel
Authors: Kang Shumei , Yan Ling , Yan Xinyong , Qi Xiangyu , Xu Meiling , Zhang Peng 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The effect of Cl− concentration on stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of high manganese steel was investigated by slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) test, electrochemical test, and immersion test in different NaCl concentration solutions. The results show that the SCC susceptibility of the test steel first increases and then decreases with the increase in Cl− concentration. When the NaCl concentration was 10.5%, the SCC susceptibility was the highest, and the fracture showed river-like transgranular quasi-cleavage morphology, obvious tearing ridge, and strong brittle fracture characteristics. The corrosion current density of the sample first increases and then decreases with the increase in Cl− concentration in the corrosive medium. The corrosion electrochemical reaction and corrosion product layer play a synergistic role in SCC in low concentration Cl− medium. The enrichment of alloying element compounds in the corrosion layer leads to the local acidification below the corrosion layer, which promotes the anodic dissolution (AD) and forms pitting corrosion on the substrate surface. When the Cl− concentration is high, the local AD and hydrogen embrittlement (HE) caused by the dissolved oxygen will be weakened, and SCC susceptibility is reduced.
Evaluating Virtual Reality Simulations for Construction Safety Training
Authors: Jelonek Markus , Fiala Eileen , Herrmann Thomas , Teizer Jochen , Embers Stephan , König Markus , Mathis Arno 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The construction industry is one of the sectors with the highest accident rates. To prevent accidents, construction workers receive occupational safety training and safety instructions. However, experience-based learning of dangerous situations is hardly possible or justifiable in reality. Virtual reality (VR) simulations can be a potential solution in this regard by allowing workers to experience dangerous situations in a very vivid but safe way without being exposed to real hazards. In this study, a VR simulation for construction safety training was developed and tested with trainees that learn the safe operation of hand-operated power tools. In this particular case study, the objective for the participants in the VR simulation was to successfully consider all safety aspects in the operation of an angle grinder. The usability, user experience and implicit learning were investigated during the study. Additionally, we conducted post-play interviews with participants. Results found learning effects of participants as well as a satisfying user experience and usability. The results also show that participants might learn content as presented, risking the learning of false information if the simulation does not cover relevant safety aspects.
Metasurface on integrated photonic platform: from mode converters to machine learning
Authors: Wang Zi , Xiao Yahui , Liao Kun , Li Tiantian , Song Hao , Chen Haoshuo , Uddin S. M. Zia , Mao Dun , Wang Feifan , Zhou Zhiping , Yuan Bo , Jiang Wei , Fontaine Nicolas K. , Agrawal Amit , Willner Alan E. , Hu Xiaoyong , Gu Tingyi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Integrated photonic circuits are created as a stable and small form factor analogue of fiber-based optical systems, from wavelength-division multiplication transceivers to more recent mode-division multiplexing components. Silicon nanowire waveguides guide the light in a way that single and few mode fibers define the direction of signal flow. Beyond communication tasks, on-chip cascaded interferometers and photonic meshes are also sought for optical computing and advanced signal processing technology. Here we review an alternative way of defining the light flow in the integrated photonic platform, using arrays of subwavelength meta-atoms or metalines for guiding the diffraction and interference of light. The integrated metasurface system mimics free-space optics, where on-chip analogues of basic optical components are developed with foundry compatible geometry, such as low-loss lens, spatial-light modulator, and other wavefront shapers. We discuss the role of metasurface in integrated photonic signal processing systems, introduce the design principles of such metasurface systems for low loss compact mode conversion, mathematical operation, diffractive optical systems for hyperspectral imaging, and tuning schemes of metasurface systems. Then we perceive reconfigurability schemes for metasurface framework, toward optical neural networks and analog photonic accelerators.
Transient upregulation of IRF1 during exit from naive pluripotency confers viral protection
Authors: Romeike Merrit , Spach Stephanie , Huber Marie , Feng Songjie , Vainorius Gintautas , Elling Ulrich , Versteeg Gjis A , Buecker Christa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractStem cells intrinsically express a subset of genes which are normally associated with interferon stimulation and the innate immune response. However, the expression of these interferon‐stimulated genes (ISG) in stem cells is independent from external stimuli such as viral infection. Here, we show that the interferon regulatory factor 1, Irf1, is directly controlled by the murine formative pluripotency gene regulatory network and transiently upregulated during the transition from naive to formative pluripotency. IRF1 binds to regulatory regions of a conserved set of ISGs and is required for their faithful expression upon exit from naive pluripotency. We show that in the absence of IRF1, cells exiting the naive pluripotent stem cell state are more susceptible to viral infection. Irf1 therefore acts as a link between the formative pluripotency network, regulation of innate immunity genes, and defense against viral infections during formative pluripotency.
Cultural Care Practices Provided at Home by the Zenú Indigenous Mothers to their Premature Children and to Those with Low Birth Weight
Authors: Ortiz Anaya Yalena , Guillermo Rojas Juan Guillermo Rojas 
Published: July 2022

Objective. The work’s aim was to comprehend the cultural practices of the care by Zenú indigenous mothers to their newborn premature children and those of low birth weight by implementing the Kangaroo-Mother method at home.
Methods. Qualitative study of particularistic ethnographic approach, with participation from eight mothers and two key informants trained in the Kangaroo-Mother method, who were interviewed and observed in their homes, in the municipalities of San Andrés de Sotavento, Tuchín, Sampués, and San Antonio de Palmitos from the Departments of Córdoba and Sucre (Colombia), respectivelyEthnographic analysis was performed. The criteria of data saturation and methodological rigor, typical of qualitative research, were applied.
Results. Eight Zenú indigenous mothers and two key informants from the family participated in the study. The themes emerging were the context, a different experience, adaptations of the Kangaroo-Mother method at home and care practices, protection and healing based on customs and cultural tradition.
Conclusion. The indigenous mothers provide holistic care to their newborn premature children and those with low birth weight, by integrating the knowledge and practices of the Kangaroo-Mother method and with the ancestral practices of care, protection, and healing characteristic of the context and culture; thus, transcending the use of resources available in the environment.
Depressive disorders and quality of live in patients with acute coronary syndrome in real clinical practice
Authors: Konstantinova E. V. , Koroleva E. A. , Popova A. G. , Popov E. E. , Anichkov D. A. , Svet A. V. , Nesterov A. P. , Gilyarov M. Yu. 
Published: July 2022

Objective. To study the prevalence of depressive disorders using Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the daily work of the Regional Vascular Center in various gender and social subgroups and to compare their severity with the life quality level.Materials and Methods. The survey included 116 (57 female and 59 male) patients, admitted to Regional Vascular Center with ACS from March to November 2020 (Group 1), and 49 patients hospitalized with other cardiological pathology (Group 2), who made up a comparison group comparable in gender, age, presence of diabetes mellitus, heart attack and stroke in anamnesis.Results. In Group I the score on SDS was higher or equal to 50 (depression) in 18 % of cases: 15 % female and 3 % male patients (p <0.05). The average score on SDS was notably higher in women than in men (p <0.05). In Group 2 depression was detected in 27 % of cases, without gender differences. The average level of depression was higher in older age groups, both in men and women, in patients with ACS and without ACS. A negative correlation was established for the indicators of SDS and SF-36: in Group 1 r = –0.62, p <0.05, in Group 2 r = –0.76, p <0.05. In Group 1 indicators of health physical component (SF-36) among women were: physical functioning 50, role functioning 34, general health 51, in men: 80, 58 and 63 respectively (p <0.05). In Group 2 these indicators significantly differed only in physical functioning: 60 female and 72 male. In Group 1 depression was observed in 2 % of working and in 30 % of non-working patients (p <0.05); in Group 2: 0 and 34 % respectively. In Groups 1 and 2 depression was found in 10 and 5 % among married, in 31 and 43 % among unmarried patients (p <0.05). In Group 1 depression was detected in 31 % among patients with diabetes, in 12 % – without diabetes (p <0.05). The other analyzed diseases did not have a significant effect on the de pression score.Conclusions. The presence of ACS was associated with depressive disorders in women. At the same time, the severity of depressive disorders was inversely correlated with the quality of life. In women with ACS, the physical component and the psychological component of health on the quality of life scale are significantly lower in comparison with men. In addition, the absence of work and marriage negatively affected the prevalence of depressive disorders among all examined patients. And the presence of diabetes mellitus was associated with a higher level of depression among patients with ACS. It is necessary to develop and implement specialized rehabilitation programs for the following subgroups of patients with ACS and depression – unemployed and unmarried women, with a low level of quality of life, elderly patients, patients with diabetes mellitus.
The frequency of sarcopenia and factors affecting appendicular muscle mass in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Sorokina A.  O. , Demin N. V. , Dobrovolskaya O. V. , Toroptsova N. V. 
Published: July 2022

Aim. To determine the frequency of sarcopenia (SP) and to identify factors associated with the muscle mass in women with systemic sclerosis (SSc).Materials and methods. The study included 64 women with SSc aged 40–70 years. Questionnaires, clinical, instrumental, laboratory examinations and absorptiometry. Linear regression analysis was performed to identify factors associat ed with appendicular muscle mass (AMM).Results. Probable SP was detected in 35 (54.7 %), and confirmed SP – 17 (26.5 %) women with SSc. The frequency of SP did not differ depending on the form of the disease. Univariate linear analysis revealed the relationship between the AMM and BMI, nutritional status; mid-upper arm, waist, hip and calf circumferences, skin Rodnan score, cumulative dose of glucocorticoids (GC) and BMD of the proximal hip. Multivariate linear analysis confirmed the presence of associations between the AMM index and BMI (b = 0.65; p <0.001), the Rodnan skin score (b = –0.19; p = 0.047), the cumulative dose of GC (b = –0.22; p = 0.021).Conclusion. The study demonstrated that more than a quarter of patients with SSc had a confirmed SP. Although age is the main risk factor for SP in the general population, in our study it did not differ between patients with low and normal AMM. The cumulative dose of GC and the Rodnan skin score were negatively, and BMI was positively associated with the value of AMМ.
Teaching of Classical Chinese Prose under Bilingual Environment in Singapore
Authors: Jia Li 
Published: July 2022

The teaching of classical Chinese prose in Singapore involves challenges peculiar to the bilingual environment, which suggest a need for new strategies based on a crucial recognition of the difference between teaching literature and teaching language. The paper argues for a key pedagogical approach based on the teaching of literary aspects in ancient prose with the help of problem-based learning. This would also involve systematic classification in order to consolidate different strategies suited for different types of Classical Chinese Prose. These strategies include mind mapping, five thinking hats and so on. Through an approach of problem-based learning,one may motivate students to explore ancient articlesmore enthusiastically, foster their criticalthinking and creative ability, thereby enhancingcognitive ability, and increasing their interest inlearning ancient articles. Through the reading,understanding and analysis of subtle words, onemay improve on students’ ability in literary appreciation,and prompt them to explore moresophisticated interpretation, thereby enhancingtheir cultivation in the humanities.