bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
School-to-work transition, early career outcomes and income dynamics across cohorts in Italy: does education pay?
Authors: Raitano Michele , Subioli Francesca 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThe work compares across cohorts and different levels of education the early-stage evolution of several labour market outcomes, with the aim of studying whether and to what extent education matters for the level, growth and stability of earnings.Design/methodology/approachBy using a rich longitudinal dataset developed from merging survey and administrative data, this article describes the evolution of the early career – five years following the education completion – in Italy comparing differently educated workers born between 1970 and 1984.FindingsThe authors find evidence of an "education premium” during the first five years after education completion in terms of faster school-to-work transition, higher employability and higher earnings; moreover, education is associated with positive, faster and more volatile earnings growth, while for those experiencing a downward trend education does not appear to play any role. However, no clear-cut changes across cohorts in the association between the various outcomes and the level of education emerge, thus signalling that no continuous rise of skill premia in the first phase of the working career across cohorts characterises the Italian economy.Originality/valueThe main originality consists in investigating the early career stage by cohort and by the level of education with a focus on many multi-year individual outcomes. Besides investigating the evolution of aggregate outcomes for differently educated individuals born in different cohorts, the authors also focus on individual earnings dynamics along the five years after the education completion.
Supply chain innovation announcements and shareholder value under industries 4.0 and 5.0: evidence from China
Authors: Yuan Chaolun , Liu Weihua , Zhou Gang , Shi Xiaoran , Long Shangsong , Chen Zhixuan , Yan Xiaoyu 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThis study aims to empirically examine the effect of supply chain innovation (SCI) announcements on shareholder value within the context of Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses an event study method to examine the effect of SCI announcements on shareholder value of the 156 listed companies in China.FindingsFirst, SCI announcements have a positive effect on shareholder value. Second, SCI with an integrated form more positively affects shareholder value than SCI with an independent form. SCI at the strategy level more positively affects shareholder value than SCI at the operation level. Technology-type SCI more positively affects shareholder value than process-type SCI. Third, this study finds that investors pay more attention to the SCI of companies in the service industry than that of in the manufacturing industry. Finally, the post-hoc analysis finds that digital SCI more positively affects shareholder value than intelligent SCI.Originality/valueFirst, most scholars use questionnaire data rather than second-hand data to conduct empirical research to explore the impact of SCI on performance. Second, although scholars focus on performance comprehensively, including operational, financial, relational and environmental performance, no scholars use an event study to explore the impact of SCI on the stock market. Third, no scholars have explored the differential impact of SCI in different industries. Forth, few scholars have classified SCI according to the characteristics to explore the differential impact of SCI. Finally, the differences between SCI of Industry 4.0 and SCI of Industry 5.0 have been described, but no scholars have used empirical research to explore the differences.
Symmetry, inclusion and workplace conflicts: conflict management effects of two leadership strategies on employee advocacy and departure
Authors: Lee Hyelim , Zhang Xiaochen Angela , Sung Yoon Hi , Lee Sihyeok , Kim Jeong-Nam 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThis research aims to examine how two management strategies (symmetrical communication and inclusive management) work in handling workplace conflicts (interpersonal/organizational levels), especially with regard to employee advocacy and job turnover intentions.Design/methodology/approachA total of three employee survey datasets were used to test hypotheses and research questions. Two secondary datasets were obtained in South Korea (N = 600 and N = 285), and one dataset was collected in the USA (N = 381). A series of hierarchical multiple regressions were performed for each dataset.FindingsAll three studies showed that interpersonal workplace conflict increased not only job turnover but also advocacy. In addition, in South Korean employees, both symmetrical communication and inclusive management increased employee advocacy and decreased job turnover intentions. However, in the US data, only symmetrical communication had such effects, enhancing employee advocacy and lowering job turnover intentions.Originality/valueThe study provides insights for practitioners into how to handle workplace conflicts from the perspective of communication (symmetrical communication) and/or behavioral strategies (inclusive management). Also, as an index to examine the effectiveness of management strategies, this study suggests advocacy behavior of employees given its effect of “rallying the troops.”
Exploring the transition from informal to formal jobs and its consequent impacts on the livelihood of migrant youths in Lagos metropolis
Authors: Adeosun Oluyemi T. , Owolabi Kayode E. , Eshiet Idongesit C. , Owolabi Temitope J. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
The upsurge in global youth migration remains a major concern for policymakers, politicians and academia at large. Given the emerging interests in youth migration and informal jobs in cities around the world, this study aims to establish the barriers limiting the transition of migrant youths, in informal settings, into formal jobs and the consequent impact on their livelihood.

Design/methodology/approach
Leveraging the push-pull approach of the functionalist migration school, this study uses a primary research design. A structured questionnaire was administered among 150 migrant youths who were selected across informal settings in Lagos, using a convenient sampling technique. Then, a structured face-to-face interview was later conducted among 40 selected migrant youths.

Findings
There is a skill mismatch between the competence of the youths and the requirements of firms in the formal sector, and the migrant youths are largely disenfranchised from opportunities that flow within certain networks. Another critical constraint includes language barrier, ethnicity and religious biases by certain employers. Most migrant youths are economically better off compared to where they came from, even though they are yet to exit the poverty trap.

Originality/value
This study critically examined the challenges faced by the migrant youth population in Lagos, Nigeria, in their bid to transition from informal employment to formal employment.
The effect of the strength of auditing and reporting standards on infrastructure quality in Africa: do ethical behaviour of firms and judicial independence matter?
Authors: Khelil Imen , Guidara Achraf , Khlif Hichem 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the impact of the strength of auditing and reporting standards (SARS, hereafter) on the quality of infrastructure in African countries and tests whether the ethical behaviour of firms and judicial independence affect this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach
The sample consists of 108 country-year observations spanning from of 2014–2017. Data concerning the main variables in this study (the quality of infrastructure, SARS, ethical behaviour of firms and judicial independence) are gathered from the Global Competitiveness Reports for 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017.

Findings
The findings of this study suggest that the SARS is positively related to the quality of infrastructure. Similarly, the ethical behaviour of firms has a positive and significant effect on the same variable. When testing for the moderating effects of ethical behaviour of firms and judicial independence, the association between SARS and the quality of infrastructure remains positive and significant for high ethical behaviour and high judicial independence sub-samples, while it is insignificant for settings characterised by low ethical behaviour of firms or low judicial independence.

Originality/value
The results of this study highlight the importance of the SARS in combination with business ethics and judicial independence in improving the quality of infrastructure in African countries. These results may have policy implications for African governments aiming to improve the quality of their infrastructures by strengthening auditing and reporting standards, enforcing laws obliging firms to act ethically and giving importance to the role played by judicial independence in imposing strict sanctions on all violations that can affect the quality of infrastructure in one country.
The relative merit of two segmentation approaches: executives views and a cost-benefit analysis
Authors: Ibrahim Ali , Rundle-Thiele Sharyn , Knox Kathy , Almestarihi Ra’d 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThis study aims to capture the views of executives about the merit of using the two segmentation approaches (quantitative vs qualitative). Furthermore, this study aimed to examine costs and benefits for two different segmentation approaches, using a minimax simple cost-benefit analysis (CBA) matrix.Design/methodology/approachA total of 16 semistructured interviews were conducted with executives within the University of Sharjah (UoS). Furthermore, a minimax approach was applied to the CBA study.FindingsEvidence in this study found that the financial cost of quantitative segmentation approaches was higher than qualitative approaches. However, the decision-makers trusted the quantitative approach more regardless of the incurred costs. The study also found that there was a limited knowledge about social marketing and segmentation among executives.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations of this study relate to the methodology applied, the sample selected and the lead research. Another factor is selection bias, which limited this study to one organization’s executives. It is conceivable that middle-level management would have had the desire to participate because they make the recommendations to top management in decision-making. The researcher did not collect precise data on time taken to design, implement and analyses the two segmentation studies, which qualified the precision of the CBA. Also, the fact that the sample includes participants from a relatively narrow range of disciplines should be noted as a limitation of the study.Practical implicationsThe current study provides a case study demonstrating how CBA provides a dollar amount estimate permitting alternate segmentation approaches to be compared and contrasted, assisting in the value estimation of any social marketing project.Social implicationsThe paper draws upon two streams of the literature: social marketing and CBA. The paper focused on the understanding of the literature, CBA offers a technique applicable to demonstrating cost savings that can be derived from choosing one method over another. Moreover, CBA assists in understanding the benefits or potential opportunity cost both financially and nonfinancially.Originality/valueThis paper presents one of the first studies conducting a CBA to compare and contrast two segmentation approaches in social marketing. The study provides interesting insights into the perceptions of management executives over alternative research methods, although the results are limited to a case study.
Does racial discrimination matter: explaining perceived police bias across four racial/ethnic groups
Authors: Yuan Yue , Wu Yuning , Melde Chris 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThis study uses a diverse sample of residents living in Northern California to study factors that are associated with public perceptions of police bias. The authors also investigate whether perceptions of racial discrimination mediate the relationships between race/ethnicity and perceptions of police bias.Design/methodology/approachThe sampling frame of the study was constructed through two stages. First, the frame included 212 census tracts in the study setting that comprise the study population. The authors stratified the census tracts by using demographic information from the most recent American Community Survey. The authors also used a multi-mode address-based design in which a household adult was invited through mail to participate in a web-based survey.FindingsThe authors found that racial/ethnic minorities (i.e. Latino, African American and Asian respondents) were more likely to experience racism and report police as biased than White residents. Racial and ethnic disparities in assessments of police bias, however, disappeared when controlling for direct and indirect experiences of racism, suggesting that experiences with racism are key factors explaining variations in perception of police bias across racial/ethnic groups.Research limitations/implicationsThe generalizability of the findings is unclear. Future research should focus on multiple cities to advance the understanding of perceptions of police bias. Second, the measures of direct and indirect experiences with racism do not identify the source of the problematic encounters, and thus the authors are unaware of the experiences respondents had with police officers.Practical implicationsThis paper includes the implications for the perceptions of police bias and how to improve police-citizen interactions.Social implicationsThis paper will facilitate ongoing debate on police-citizens interactions. Specifically, how experiences of racism can improve the understanding of bias toward the police.Originality/valueThis paper fulfills an research need to study perceptions of police bias among diverse immigrant populations.
Explanatory power of earnings for returns: nonstationarity, disaggregation and timeliness
Authors: Wild John J. , Wild Jonathan M. 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThis study aims to examine several hypotheses, in conjunction with fundamental accounting concepts, to explain variations in the explanatory power of earnings for returns.Design/methodology/approachThe authors explore three factors for their impact on the explanatory power of earnings. First, the accounting period preceding the earnings report is characterized by distinct intratemporal subperiod behavior. Recognizing this intratemporal nonstationarity is hypothesized to increase the explanatory power of earnings. Second, disaggregation of earnings into operating components is hypothesized to increase the explanatory power of earnings. Moreover, joint consideration of these first two factors is investigated. Third, the authors hypothesize that recognizing fundamental accounting concepts such as timeliness, predictive value, objectivity and verifiability offer key insights into the explanatory power of earnings.FindingsThe authors explore a sample of firms with management forecasts, which yields natural intratemporal subperiods – preforecast, forecast and realization periods – to generate hypotheses rooted in fundamental accounting concepts. The empirical evidence shows that recognition of nonstationary intratemporal behavior and earnings disaggregation yields a significant increase in the explanatory power of earning for returns. These findings are linked to fundamental concepts of accounting information.Originality/valueThis study is unique as it examines the joint role of nonstationarity and disaggregation in assessing the information conveyed in earnings. Importantly, results on these factors are linked to fundamental accounting concepts of timeliness, predictive value, objectivity and verifiability, along with their inherent trade-offs.
Damping properties of Sn58Bi and Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu solders with different thicknesses and preparation directions
Authors: Li Wangyun , Liu Linqiang , Li Xingmin 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
This study aims to experimentally assess the effect of thickness and preparation direction on the damping properties of Sn58Bi and Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu solders.

Design/methodology/approach
Sn58Bi and Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu solder strips with different thicknesses were prepared from the bulk in longitudinal and horizontal directions, and the ratio of loss modulus and storage modulus of the samples was measured by the dynamic mechanical analysis method as the index of damping properties.

Findings
Sn58Bi and Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu solders exhibited viscoelastic relaxation, and their damping properties decreased with decreasing thickness. The damping properties of both solders had no obvious difference in longitudinal and horizontal directions. Sn58Bi has a more obvious high-temperature damping background than Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu solder. In addition, compared with Sn58Bi solder, Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu solder had an obvious internal friction peak, which moved toward high temperature with increasing frequency. The activation energies of Sn58Bi solder with a thickness of 0.5 mm at the longitudinal and horizontal directions were 0.84 and 0.67 eV, respectively, which were 0.39 and 0.53 eV, respectively, for the Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu solder.

Originality/value
The damping properties of Sn58Bi and Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu solder decreased with decreasing thickness, while their damping properties changed insignificantly when they were prepared from different directions. The internal friction peak of Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu solder moved to higher temperatures with increasing frequency.
From performance curves to performance surfaces: Interactive effects of temperature and oxygen availability on aerobic and anaerobic performance in the common wall lizard
Authors: Telemeco Rory S. , Gangloff Eric J. , Cordero G. Antonio , Rodgers Essie M. , Aubret Fabien 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Accurately predicting the responses of organisms to novel or changing environments requires the development of ecologically‐appropriate experimental methodology and process‐based models.

For ectotherms, thermal performance curves (TPCs) have provided a useful framework to describe how organismal performance is dependent on temperature. However, this approach often lacks a mechanistic underpinning, which limits our ability to use TPCs predictively. Furthermore, thermal dependence varies across traits, and performance is also limited by additional abiotic factors, such as oxygen availability.

We test a central prediction of our recent Hierarchical Mechanisms of Thermal Limitation (HMTL) Hypothesis which proposes that natural hypoxia exposure will reduce maximal performance and cause the TPC for whole‐organism performance to become more symmetrical.

We quantified TPCs for two traits often used as fitness proxies, sprint speed and aerobic scope, in lizards under conditions of normoxia and high‐elevation hypoxia.

In line with the predictions of HMTL, anaerobically fuelled sprint speed was unaffected by acute hypoxia while the TPC for aerobic scope became shorter and more symmetrical. This change in TPC shape resulted from both the maximum aerobic scope and the optimal temperature for aerobic scope being reduced in hypoxia as predicted.

Following these results, we present a mathematical framework, which we call Temperature–Oxygen Performance Surfaces, to quantify the interactive effects of temperature and oxygen on whole‐organism performance in line with the HMTL hypothesis. This framework is transferrable across traits and levels of organization to allow predictions for how ectotherms will respond to novel combinations of temperature and other abiotic factors, providing a useful tool in a time of rapidly changing environmental conditions.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Evaluating Stroke Code Activation Pathway in Emergency Departments study
Authors: Ebker‐White Anja , Dinh Michael , Paver Ian , Bein Kendall , Tastula Kylie , Gattellari Melina , Worthington John 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of Code Stroke activations in an ED and determine predictors of a final diagnosis of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) diagnosis.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of Code Stroke activations through an ED over 2 years at a quaternary stroke referral centre. Stroke Registry data was used to identify cases with clinical information abstracted from electronic medical records. The primary outcome was a final diagnosis of acute stroke or TIA and the secondary outcome was access to reperfusion therapies (thrombolysis and or endovascular clot retrieval).ResultsThe study analysed data from 1354 Code Stroke patients in ED. Of all Code Strokes, 51% had a stroke or TIA diagnosis on discharge. Patient characteristics independently associated with increased risk of stroke were increasing age, pre‐arrival notification by ambulance, elevated BP or presence of weakness or speech impairment as the initial presenting symptoms. Dizziness/vertigo/vestibular neuritis were the most common alternative diagnoses. One hundred and thirty‐five patients (10%) underwent reperfusion therapy. Pre‐arrival notification by ambulance was associated with higher proportion of eventual stroke/TIA diagnosis (68%vs46%,P < 0.001) and significantly lower door to CT and door to needle times for patients undergoing thrombolysis.ConclusionsIn a cohort of patients requiring Code Stroke activation in an ED, increased age, systolic blood pressure and weakness and speech impairment increased the risk of stroke. Prehospital notification was associated with lower door to needle times for patients undergoing thrombolysis.
Effects of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination on safety and disease exacerbation in patients with Behçet syndrome in a monocentric cohort
Authors: Apaydin Hakan , Erden Abdulsamet , Güven Serdar Can , Armağan Berkan , Konak Hatice Ecem , Polat Bünyamin , Afşin Yağnur , Kaygisiz Merve , Omma Ahmet , Kucuksahin Orhan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimVaccination represents a cornerstone in mastering the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. There is a paucity of data regarding the safety of COVID‐19 vaccines in patients with rheumatic diseases such as Behçet syndrome (BS). The present study aimed to investigate the side‐effects and post‐vaccine disease exacerbation rates of COVID‐19 vaccines in a BS cohort.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 450 BS patients followed in our clinic who met the criteria of the International Study Group. COVID‐19 vaccination status, type of vaccine received (Pfizer‐BioNTech vs CoronaVac), post‐vaccine side‐effects and exacerbations were evaluated by interviewing patients over the phone or face to face. Behçet's Disease Current Activity Form (BDCAF) scores were calculated for BS symptoms before and after vaccination.ResultsIn all, 287 patients received at least one dose of the COVID‐19 vaccine. Of the total number of COVID‐19 vaccines (n = 639), 379 (59%) were Pfizer‐BioNTech vaccines and 257 (41%) were CoronaVac vaccines. The number of side‐effects after first, second, third and fourth vaccine doses were 151 (52.6%), 135 (49.4%), 29 (42.6%), and 3 (30%), respectively. BS exacerbation after first, second, third, and fourth vaccine doses were 151 (52.6%), 135 (49.4%), 16 (23.5%), and 3 (30%), respectively. Injection site pain/swelling was the most common side‐effect at all vaccine doses followed by fatigue and arthralgia.ConclusionCOVID‐19 vaccines are well tolerated in patients with BS, and more side‐effects develop after mRNA vaccines. Regardless of the vaccine type, exacerbations after the COVID‐19 vaccine are common, predominantly mucocutaneous and articular involvement, and exacerbations in the form of other organ involvement are rare.