bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of a cryptic terrestrial insect using novel eDNA collection techniques
Authors: Campbell Catriona D. , Gleeson Dianne M. , Furlan Elise M. , Muirhead Kate A. , Caron Valerie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSensitive detection techniques are key to inform management practices for invasive and pest species by identifying the pest species’ distribution or identifying the presence of biological control agents that may negate the need for chemical control. Environmental DNA (eDNA) can be detected to infer the presence of rare, cryptic, and invasive species. This study provides a method that expands the application of eDNA techniques within terrestrial systems. Our study is focused on a cryptic biological control agent of the pointed snail Cochlicella acuta, the fly parasitoid Sarcophaga villeneuveana, which remains within the snail shell for most of its lifecycle, making it difficult to detect. Three sites were sampled using traditional surveys and three types of eDNA sampling 1/ crushing live snails, 2/ water washing live snails, old snail shells or vegetation, and 3/ vacuuming live snails or vegetation. An assay was developed to amplify a 129 bp fragment of S. villeneuveana, with positive detections recorded in crushed snail samples, water washed live snail, water washed vegetation, and laboratory vacuumed vegetation. Presence of the endoparasitoid was validated by traditional survey techniques conducted at the same time, indicating that all techniques tested are comparable for detection of the parasitoid. The new technique which only requires a small vegetation sample from the field post‐harvest and a portable vacuum has great potential to be applied to other insects and environments, particularly cryptic species, pests, and biological control agents in crops.
Low‐Coordinated Iron(II) Siloxide Complexes – Structural Diversity and Reactivity Towards O2 and Oxygen Atom Transfer Reagents
Authors: Yelin Stefan , Cula Beatrice , Limberg Christian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe coordination chemistry of Fe2+ ions in combination with a monodentate siloxide ligand Ph3SiO− (L) was investigated. Using a Fe/L stoichiometry of 1 : 3 the complex [Na(DME)][FeL3], 2, with the iron center in a trigonal ligand environment was isolated and through decreasing the siloxide amount fraction 2 was shown to form via a unique example of a dinuclear complex, where one of the iron ions has a quasi‐trigonal and the other one a tetrahedral coordination sphere, namely [Na(DME)][Fe2L5], 1. If, however, 4 equivalents of L are employed, the tetrasiloxido ferrate(II) anion with a tetrahedral structure is generated, so that the product [Na(DME)]2[FeL4], 3, can be isolated. 2 reacts instantly with O‐atom transfer reagents, also at low temperatures, but no reaction intermediate could be identified. From the product mixture the iron(III) siloxide complex [Na(DME)3][FeL4], 4, could isolated by crystallization as the main product. Likewise, the reaction with dioxygen proceeded rather fast and added substrates did not intercept any intermediate upon its formation. However, in the presence of cyclohexene oxidation products were observed. They correspond to the typical radical‐chain‐derived products of cyclohexene suggesting, that initially a reactive FeOx species is generated that via an H atom abstraction from cyclohexene triggers its autoxidation.
Catalytic Aerobic Oxidation of Hydrazines into 2‐Tetrazenes
Authors: Renault Anne , Joucla Lionel , Lacôte Emmanuel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe report a catalytic formation of 2‐tetrazenes by copper (ii) promoted oxidation of hydrazines in the presence of bipyridine ligands, that uses air or dioxygen as terminal oxidant. The method was applied to a series of hydrazines, delivering symmetrical tetrazenes, which were previously prepared using toxic or stoichiometric oxidants. The catalytic reaction could be used for the formation of a cyclic tetrazene from a bis‐hydrazine, presumably with the help of a chelation of the substrate to the catalytic metal, which favored cyclization over oligomerization. Finally, the method could be used to prepare dissymmetric structures, albeit in the presence of an excess of one of the hydrazines.
Performance analysis of non‐orthogonal multiple access assisted cooperative maritime communication system over two‐wave with diffuse power fading
Authors: Makkar Rahul , Soni Sandhya , Rawal Divyang , Sharma Nikhil , Garg Parul 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNon‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and millimeter‐wave (mmWave) communication are two promising technologies to fulfill the high throughput and reliable communication requirements. Maritime communication systems use a generalized fading at near‐sea‐surface channels (for seashore to ship/boat/fishing fleet communication) to provide reliable communication due to atmospheric turbulence. Experimental research on generalized two‐wave diffuse power (TWDP) fading reveal the footprints of mmWave. This article proposes novel exact and asymptotic closed‐form expressions of average symbol error probability (ASEP) of NOMA users for cooperative maritime communication systems over TWDP fading with the different modulations. The end‐to‐end closed‐form expressions are derived in terms of Appell's and Lauricella's hypergeometric functions. Also, the ASEP is shown using the power allocation factor for different modulation schemes. The proposed system provides better transmission reliability using generalized TWDP fading. Further, the outage probability of the system described above is analyzed using the distance, path loss exponent, transmission rate, and Rician factor as performance metrics for both the NOMA users. Effects of fading outage parameters on the system performance are studied. The end‐to‐end exact numerical results have been verified with the Monte‐Carlo simulations that validate with asymptotic results at a high SNR regime.
Investment traps and resilience to shocks: An experimental study of Central Asian collective water governance
Authors: Amirova Iroda , Petrick Martin , Djanibekov Nodir 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe theoretically and empirically investigate the investments of water users in a stylized local irrigation system. We model irrigation self‐management as an interdependent interaction of users in an evolutionary game and study the resilience of the irrigation system. The theoretical model implies multiple stable equilibria at different efficiency levels. Users may be trapped in a low level of collective investment or succeed by being locked in a high collective investment level, implying an irrigation system resilient against external shocks. The study seeks to empirically identify such lock‐ins in experimental interactions among Central Asian farmers. Furthermore, we inquire into whether a pre‐play cheap talk opportunity with peer‐monitoring or sanctioning treatments influence the self‐reinforcing dynamic. Our findings revealed several stable states. Among these states, there are both low and high levels of efficiency, which we measure in the size of public good. Communication among users results in higher collective investment levels. However, this does not guarantee the complete elimination of inferior conventions from best‐response play. Penalties crowded out the intrinsic motivation to cooperate as they reduced collective investment in both low‐ and high‐level equilibria. Our findings imply that institutional settings tailored to each community can improve resilience to climate‐driven perturbations in water resources.
An investigation into the principal modes of action of surfactants and how a novel formulation may improve turfgrass quality by increasing the dominance of Agrostis spp. in golf greens
Authors: Martin Thomas , Rothwell Shane , Stevens Carly 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to establish the mechanisms underpinning the observations made in a field trial that suggested that a novel surfactant treatment could promote bentgrasses (Agrostis spp.) in golf greens that contain annual meadow grass (Poa annua L.). Assessments of the effects of three surfactant treatments (named Treatments 1, 2, and 3) on shoot height, biomass accumulation, rhizosheath properties, soil water distribution, and rooting characteristics were made over the course of two experiments carried out under controlled conditions. We found that the leaf extension rate was significantly affected in the two grass species to different extents, depending on the surfactant used. This finding could have positive implications for turf quality in the field for a newly developed formulation (Treatment 3), which was observed to be the case in the field trial that pre‐dated this study. The same treatment also resulted in significant differences in the grasses in terms of rhizosheath size compared with untreated soil. We found that surfactants affected the distribution of water in the soil by increasing the rhizosheath water content to bulk soil water content ratio, potentially maximizing water and nutrient uptake by the roots. The combination of effects observed with use of the novel surfactant treatment may lead to improved water use efficiency and a more desirable sward composition for golf greens.
Influence of conventional hydrogen bonds in the intercalation of phenanthroline derivatives with DNA: The important role of the sugar and phosphate backbone
Authors: Sánchez‐González Ángel , Grenut Pierre , Gil Adrià 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe influence of hydrogen bonds in model intercalated systems between guanine‐cytosine and adenine‐thymine DNA base pairs (bps) was analyzed with the popular intercalator 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen) and derivatives obtained by substitution with OH and NH2groups in positions 4 and 7. Semiempirical and Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods were used both including dispersion effects: PM6‐DH2, M06‐2X and B3LYP‐D3 along with the recently developed near linear‐scaling coupled cluster method DLPNO‐CCSD(T) for benchmark calculations. Our results given by QTAIM and non‐covalent interaction analysis confirmed the existence of hydrogen bonds created by OH and NH2. The trends in the energy decomposition analysis for the interaction energy, ΔEint, showed that the ΔEelstatcontributions are equal or even a little bit higher than the values for ΔEdisp. Such important ΔEelstatattractive contribution comes mainly from the conventional hydrogen bonds formed by OH and NH2functional groups with DNA not only with bps but specially with the sugar and phosphate backbone. This behavior is very different from that of phen and other classical intercalators that cannot form conventional hydrogen bonds, where the ΔEdispis the most important attractive contribution to the ΔEint. The inclusion of explicit water molecules in molecular dynamics simulations showed, as a general trend, that the hydrogen bonds with the bps disappear during the simulations but those with the sugar and phosphate backbone remain in time, which highlights the important role of the sugar and phosphate backbone in the stabilization of these systems.
Dismantlement of ammonia upon interaction with Ben(n ≤ 10) clusters
Authors: Yáñez Manuel , Ortíz‐Chi Filiberto , Merino Gabriel , Alkorta Ibon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe interaction of ammonia with Ben(n < 1–10) clusters has been investigated by density functional theory and ab initio calculations. The main conclusion is that, regardless of the size of the Be cluster, neither the structure of ammonia nor that of the Be clusters are preserved due to a systematic dissociation of its NH bonds and a spontaneous H‐shift toward the available Be atoms. This H migration not only leads to rather stable BeH bonds, but dramatically enhances the strength of the BeN bonds as well. Accordingly, the maximum stability is found for the interaction with the beryllium trimer, leading to a complex with three NBe and three BeH bonds. Another maximum in stability, although lower than that reached forn = 3, is found for the Be heptamer, since fromn = 6, a new NBe bond is formed, so that complexes fromn = 6 ton = 10 are characterized by the formation of a NBe4moiety, whose stability reaches a maximum atn = 7. The bonding characteristics of the different species formed are analyzed by means of AIM, NBO, ELF and AdNDP approaches.
Association of shorter leucocyte telomere length with risk of frailty
Authors: Bountziouka Vasiliki , Nelson Christopher P. , Codd Veryan , Wang Qingning , Musicha Crispin , Allara Elias , Kaptoge Stephen , Di Angelantonio Emanuele , Butterworth Adam S. , Thompson John R. , Curtis Elizabeth M. , Wood Angela M. , Danesh John N. , Harvey Nicholas C. , Cooper Cyrus , Samani Nilesh J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundFrailty is a multidimensional syndrome of decline that affects multiple systems and predisposes to adverse health outcomes. Although chronological age is the major risk factor, inter‐individual variation in risk is not fully understood. Leucocyte telomere length (LTL), a proposed marker of biological age, has been associated with risk of many diseases. We sought to determine whether LTL is associated with risk of frailty.MethodsWe utilized cross‐sectional data from 441 781 UK Biobank participants (aged 40–69 years), with complete data on frailty indicators and LTL. Frailty was defined as the presence of at least three of five indicators: weaker grip strength, slower walking pace, weight loss in the past year, lower physical activity, and exhaustion in the past 2 weeks. LTL was measured using a validated qPCR method and reported as a ratio of the telomere repeat number (T) to a single‐copy gene (S) (T/S ratio). Association of LTL with frailty was evaluated using adjusted (chronological age, sex, deprivation, smoking, alcohol intake, body mass index, and multimorbidity) multinomial and ordinal regression models, and results are presented as relative risk (RRR) or odds ratios (OR), respectively, alongside the 95% confidence interval (CI). Mendelian randomization (MR), using 131 genetic variants associated with LTL, was used to assess if the association of LTL with frailty was causal.ResultsFrail participants (4.6%) were older (median age difference (95% CI): 3 (2.5; 3.5) years, P = 2.73 × 10−33), more likely to be female (61%, P = 1.97 × 10−129), and had shorter LTL (−0.13SD vs. 0.03SD, P = 5.43 × 10−111) than non‐frail. In adjusted analyses, both age and LTL were associated with frailty (RRR = 1.03 (95% CI: 1.02; 1.04) per year of older chronological age, P = 3.99 × 10−12; 1.10 (1.08; 1.11) per SD shorter LTL, P = 1.46 × 10−30). Within each age group (40–49, 50–59, 60–69 years), the prevalence of frailty was about 33% higher in participants with shorter (−2SD) versus longer telomeres (+2SD). MR analysis showed an association of LTL with frailty that was directionally consistent with the observational association, but not statistically significant (MR‐Median: OR (95% CI): 1.08 (0.98; 1.19) per SD shorter LTL, P = 0.13).ConclusionsInter‐individual variation in LTL is associated with the risk of frailty independently of chronological age and other risk factors. Our findings provide evidence for an additional biological determinant of frailty.
Serum creatinine and cystatin C‐based diagnostic indices for sarcopenia in advanced non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Tang Tianjiao , Xie Lingling , Hu Song , Tan Lingling , Lei Xiaozhen , Luo Xiaozhen , Yang Ling , Yang Ming 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia is an important prognostic factor of lung cancer. The serum creatinine/cystatin C ratio (CCR) and the sarcopenia index (SI, serum creatinine × cystatin C‐based glomerular filtration rate) are novel screening tools for sarcopenia; however, the diagnostic accuracy of the CCR and SI for detecting sarcopenia remains unknown. We aimed to explore and validate the diagnostic values of the CCR and SI for determining sarcopenia in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to explore their prognostic values for overall survival.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study of adult patients with stage IIIB or IV NSCLC. Levels of serum creatinine and cystatin C were measured to calculate the CCR and SI. Sarcopenia was defined separately using CCR, SI, and the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 criteria. Participants were randomly sampled into derivation and validation sets (6:4 ratio). The cutoff values for diagnosing sarcopenia were determined based on the derivation set. Diagnostic accuracy was analysed in the validation set through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Cox regression models and survival curves were applied to evaluate the impact of different sarcopenia definitions on survival.ResultsWe included 579 participants (women, 35.4%; mean age, 58.4 ± 8.9 years); AWGS‐defined sarcopenia was found in 19.5% of men and 10.7% of women. Both CCR and SI positively correlated with computed tomography‐derived and bioimpedance‐derived muscle mass and handgrip strength. The optimal cutoff values for CCR and SI were 0.623 and 54.335 in men and 0.600 and 51.742 in women, with areas under the ROC curves of 0.837 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.770–0.904] and 0.833 (95% CI: 0.765–0.901) in men (P = 0.25), and 0.808 (95% CI: 0.682–0.935) and 0.796 (95% CI: 0.668–0.924) in women (P = 0.11), respectively. The CCR achieved sensitivities and specificities of 73.0% and 93.7% in men and 85.7% and 65.7% in women, respectively; the SI achieved sensitivities and specificities of 75.7% and 86.5% in men and 92.9% and 62.9% in women, respectively. CCR‐defined, SI‐defined, and AWGS‐defined sarcopenia were independently associated with a high mortality risk [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.25–2.44; HR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.11–2.17; and HR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.22–2.53, respectively].ConclusionsCCR and SI have satisfactory and comparable diagnostic accuracy and prognostic values for sarcopenia in patients with advanced NSCLC. Both may serve as surrogate biomarkers for evaluating sarcopenia in these patients. However, further external validations are required.
Periodontitis is a potential risk factor for transient ischemic attack and minor ischemic stroke in young adults: A nationwide population‐based cohort study
Authors: Lee Yao‐Tung , Tsai Chia‐Fen , Yen Yu‐Chun , Huang Li‐Kai , Chao Shu‐Ping , Hu Li‐Yu , Shen Cheng‐Che , Lee Hsin‐Chien 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to determine whether periodontitis is a risk factor for transient ischemic attack (TIA) in young adults.MethodsThe National Health Insurance (NHI) Research Database in Taiwan was the source of the data used in this retrospective cohort study. Individuals aged 20 to 53 years with periodontitis in 2001 and 2002 (n = 792,426) and an age‐ and sex‐matched control group (n = 792,426) were selected. All participants were followed up until TIA diagnosis, 55 years of age, removal from the NHI program, death, or December 31, 2016. The incidence density and hazard ratio (HR) of new‐onset TIA were compared between individuals with periodontitis and controls. Periodontitis was defined by dentists according to the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM) codes 523.3–5 with concurrent antibiotic prescription or periodontal treatment excluding scaling performed by certified dentists. TIA was defined according to the ICD‐9‐CM code 435.x at hospital discharge.ResultsAfter adjustment for confounding factors, the risk of developing TIA/minor ischemic stroke was calculated to be higher in participants with periodontitis (HR, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.15‒1.32; P <0.001) than in those without. The HR was slightly higher among people aged 20 to 40 years than among those aged 40 to 53 years.ConclusionPeriodontitis is associated with an increased risk of developing TIA/minor ischemic stroke. Periodontitis might be a modifiable risk factor for stroke in young adults. Clinicians must devote greater attention to this potential association to develop new preventive and therapeutic strategies for stroke in young adults.
A kinetic study of the ultrasonically assisted ethyl esterification of fatty acids using an immobilized lipase catalyst and deep eutectic solvent
Authors: Suo Hang , Hao Xiaohong , Zhang Guanhua , Zhang Qi , Du Su 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, the esterification reaction kinetics of biodiesel (fatty acid ethyl ester) prepared from waste oil (cooking oil waste and oleic acid mixture) and ethanol at three different temperatures (313.15, 323.15, and 333.15 K) by lipase (Novozym®435) catalyzed. It was investigated under three different reaction systems of ultrasonic (without DES), deep eutectic solvent (DES, choline chloride: glycerol mole ratio = 1:2, without ultrasonic), and ultrasonic‐assisted DES. The results showed that the combination of the ultrasonic and DES had a synergistic effect on the enzymatic reaction. The activation energy of the reaction was the smallest (24.82 kJ/mol) compared to the other two processes (ultrasonic: 34.38 kJ/mol and DES: 29.43 kJ/mol), and the reaction was easier to proceed. Subsequently, the reusability of lipase and the composition of the product were studied. The results showed that the conversion rate of fatty acid ethyl ester decreased from the initial 93.33% to 80.31% when the experiment was repeated five times in the ultrasonic‐assisted DES system. The ethyl ester composition of the product was mainly concentrated between C14 and C24, and the proportion of ethyl oleate was the most abundant.
Transoral Approach to the Jugular Foramen Region with Preservation of the Eustachian Tube
Authors: Li Lifeng , Xu Hongbo , London Nyall R. , Carrau Ricardo L. , Jin Yonggang , Chen Xiaohong 
Published: March 2022

Objectives/HypothesisTransnasal exposure of the jugular foramen region (JFR) often requires transection of the Eustachian tube (ET). This study aims to propose a transoral corridor for access to the JFR with preservation of the ET.Study DesignCadaveric dissection and case illustration.MethodsAn endoscopic transoral approach for exposure of the JFR was performed on 5 cadaveric specimens (10 sides). Six patients who underwent a transoral resection of schwannoma within the JFR were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsDirect exposure of the JFR with a 0° scope via a transoral approach was feasible, and the internal carotid artery and lower cranial nerves could be adequately exposed, and preservation of the ET was achieved in all 10 sides of the cadaveric specimens. For six patients with JFR tumors, the transoral approach provided adequate access to achieve a gross total resection with ET preservation. Intraoperative cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) leak was encountered in one patient, and a multilayer reconstruction was employed for reconstruction. No operative field or intracranial infection, persistent CSF leak, or emergent airway issues occurred. No recurrence occurred in this cohort with an average follow‐up of 12 months.ConclusionsThe transoral approach provided a reliable corridor for access into the JFR with preservation of the ET. For select lesions with expansion into the posterior cranial fossa, a transoral corridor may serve as an alternative for tumor extirpation.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 132:1374–1380, 2022
Grand Lebesgue space for p = ∞ and its application to Sobolev–Adams embedding theorems in borderline cases
Authors: Rafeiro Humberto , Samko Stefan , Umarkhadzhiev Salaudin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe define the grand Lebesgue space corresponding to the case and similar grand spaces for Morrey and Morrey type spaces, also for , on open sets in . We show that such spaces are useful in the study of mapping properties of the Riesz potential operator in the borderline cases for Lebesgue spaces and for Morrey and Morrey type spaces, providing the target space more narrow than BMO. While for Lebesgue spaces there are known results on the description of the target space in terms better than BMO, the results obtained for Morrey and Morrey type spaces are entirely new. We also show that the obtained results are sharp in a certain sense.