bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opportunities for Improving Antimicrobial Stewardship: Findings From a Prospective, Multi-Center Study in Three Low- or Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Muro Florida J. , Lyamuya Furaha S. , Kwobah Charles , Bollinger John , Bodinayake Champica K. , Nagahawatte Ajith , Piyasiri Bhagya , Kurukulasooriya Ruvini , Ali Shamim , Mallya Rose , Rolfe Robert , Ruwanpathirana Anushka , Sheng Tianchen , Østbye Truls , Drew Richard , Kussin Peter , Woods Christopher W. , Anderson Deverick J. , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Tillekeratne L. Gayani 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundTo develop effective antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), it is important to identify key targets for improving antimicrobial use. We sought to systematically describe the prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial use in three LMIC hospitals.MethodsConsecutive patients admitted to the adult medical wards in three tertiary care hospitals in Tanzania, Kenya, and Sri Lanka were enrolled in 2018–2019. The medical record was reviewed for clinical information including type and duration of antimicrobials prescribed, indications for antimicrobial use, and microbiologic testing ordered.ResultsA total of 3,149 patients were enrolled during the study period: 1,103 from Tanzania, 750 from Kenya, and 1,296 from Sri Lanka. The majority of patients were male (1,783, 56.6% overall) with a median age of 55 years (IQR 38–68). Of enrolled patients, 1,573 (50.0%) received antimicrobials during their hospital stay: 35.4% in Tanzania, 56.5% in Kenya, and 58.6% in Sri Lanka. At each site, the most common indication for antimicrobial use was lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI; 40.2%). However, 61.0% received antimicrobials for LRTI in the absence of LRTI signs on chest radiography. Among patients receiving antimicrobials, tools to guide antimicrobial use were under-utilized: microbiologic cultures in 12.0% and microbiology consultation in 6.5%.ConclusionAntimicrobials were used in a substantial proportion of patients at tertiary care hospitals across three LMIC sites. Future ASP efforts should include improving LRTI diagnosis and treatment, developing antibiograms to direct empiric antimicrobial use, and increasing use of microbiologic tests.
Case Report: Laryngotracheal Post-Intubation/Tracheostomy Stenosis in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Onorati Ilaria , Bonnet Nicolas , Radu Dana Mihaela , Freynet Olivia , Guiraudet Patrice , Kambouchner Marianne , Uzunhan Yurdagul , Zogheib Elie , Martinod Emmanuel 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionThe novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2), has spread rapidly to become a major global public health emergency since March 2020. Laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) has been observed more frequently since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsAll patients referred to our 24/7 Airway Diseases Center for laryngotracheal post-intubation/tracheostomy stenosis from May 2020 to May 2021were evaluated retrospectively. Patient data on comorbidities, diagnosis, type of procedures, lengths of ICU stay and invasive mechanical ventilation, medical treatment, and the severity of illness were recorded.ResultsThis case series included nine patients (five women and four men), with a mean age of 52.9 years, most with a BMI &gt;30, all with a severe illness revealed by the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II &gt;31. From May 2020 to May 2021, 21 procedures were performed on seven patients, consisting of bronchoscopic rigid interventions, T-tube Montgomery tracheostomy, and one cricotracheal resection with end-to-end anastomosis. Histologic examination of tracheal biopsies showed an inflammatory state of the airway mucosa. Two patients only had medical therapy.Discussion and ConclusionsPneumonia caused by SARSCoV-2 can lead to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. The time of intubation, the drugs used, the prone position, comorbidities (diabetes, obesity), and the inflammatory state of the upper airways linked to the viral infection, predispose to an increased tendency to stenosis and its recurrence. A conservative approach with medical and endoscopic treatment should be preferred in case of persistence of local airways inflammation. Further studies with a larger sample of patients will help to a better understanding of the disease, reduce the prevalence, and improve its treatment.
Availability and Nutritional Composition of Street Food in Urban Central Asia: Findings From Almaty, Kazakhstan
Authors: Albuquerque Gabriela , Lança de Morais Inês , Gelormini Marcello , Sousa Sofia , Casal Susana , Pinho Olívia , Damasceno Albertino , Moreira Pedro , Breda João , Lunet Nuno , Padrão Patrícia 
Published: April 2022

Objective: To describe the availability and nutritional composition of commonly available street foods in Almaty, Kazakhstan.Methods: 384 street food vending sites (in 10 public markets) were assessed; information on vending sites’ characteristics and food availability and samples of the most commonly available street foods (81 homemade; 40 industrial) were collected for chemical analysis.Results: Fruit, beverages and food other than fruit were available in 1.0%, 47.4% and 92.7% of all vending sites. Homemade food other than fruit (e.g., bread, main dishes, snacks, pastries, sandwiches, and cakes) were available in 63.4% of stationary vending sites, while industrial (e.g., snacks, chocolate, cakes, and cookies) in 45.6% of them. Industrial foods were the most energy-dense [median kcal/100 g: 438.8 vs. 267.2, p &lt; 0.001 (homemade)]. Traditional homemade dishes were high in sodium, reaching 2,248 mg/serving (lagman) and major contributors of protein and fat to energy content (shashlik: 22.8% from protein, 68.3% from fat). Industrial chocolate and homemade cake presented the highest saturated (14.6 g/serving) and trans-fat (3.20 g/serving) contents.Conclusion: These findings advocate for the implementation of health promotion strategies targeted at vendors, consumers and other stakeholders.
Technology Acceptance Model in use of Technologies for Contactless Process during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ginting Ina Veronika , Syifa Alawiyah  
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study was to measure passenger acceptance of Technologies for Contactless Process (TFCP) provided by the airport to prevent the spread of Covid-19 by adopting the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The study collected 220 questionnaires from passengers using TFCP and the data was analysed using Likert scale techniques by measuring Perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. The results of the study significantly that passengers are willing to adapt using TFCP. This research contributes as the basis of a better strategy by airport managers managing TFCP by understanding the passenger experience.

Keywords: TAM; TFCP; Perceived Usefulness and Ease of Use.
DIFFICULTIES IN IMPLEMENTING A PROJECT-BASED COURSE OF THE THIRD-YEAR ENGLISH MAJOR STUDENTS AT A UNIVERSITY IN VIETNAM
Authors: Ngọc Nguyễn Thị Bích , Trung Bùi Đắc 
Published: April 2022

Nghiên cứu nhằm mục đích tìm hiểu những khó khăn mà các sinh viên năm thứ 3 chuyên ngành Tiếng Anh tại một trường Đại học ở Việt Nam gặp phải khi học một khóa học dự án cụ thể (Đề án Tạp chí). Một bảng điều tra được xây dựng dựa trên mô hình nhà nghiên cứu đề xuất và được triển khai đến 60 sinh viên. Phần định tính của bảng hỏi xem xét mức độ gây khó khăn của các yếu tố đề xuất đối với việc học Đề án Tạp chí. Phần định lượng điều tra những khó khăn khác (nếu có), đồng thời tìm hiểu những giải pháp do sinh viên đề xuất. Kết quả định lượng cho thấy sự thiếu hỗ trợ và thiếu nhiệt tình của giáo viên gây ra khó khăn cho người học. Bên cạnh đó, sinh viên gặp nhiều khó khăn trong lựa chọn công cụ công nghệ và tạp chí tham khảo, viết bài theo văn phong báo chí, và hợp tác với các thành viên nhóm. Dữ liệu định tính bổ sung thêm yếu tố động lực học tập thấp. Một số giải pháp do sinh viên đề xuất cũng được đưa ra ở cuối bài báo. Nghiên cứu đóng góp vào tài nguyên nghiên cứu về khóa học dự án cụ thể (Đề án Tạp chí) và mang đến thêm một góc nhìn về những khó khăn của người học trong các bối cảnh tương tự.
PENINGKATAN PENERIMAAN PAJAK PENGHASILAN MELALUI PELAKSANAAN EKSTENSIFIKASI PERPAJAKAN PADA KANTOR WILAYAH DIREKTORAT JENDERAL PAJAK ACEH
Authors: Yunina Fitri 
Published: April 2022

This research purposes to analize and evaluate increasing effectivity of tax income by taxes extensification. Using secondary data by tax income data and number of tax payer that related to taxes extensification during period 2015 to 2019 in Regional Office Direktorat Jenderal Pajak Aceh Result showing that effectivity of tax extensification for increasing taxincome at Kanwil DJP Aceh still low with percentage about 35, 20%. This is because a lot of tax payer that had been registered not yet operate., Pembinaan for new tax payer not optimal, and klasification for business field not proper, example work finder that given non worker at classification business field when they registered, when they not having potention as tax payer. Keywords : Tax extensification and tax effectivity
PENGARUH PENERAPAN AKUNTANSI DAN PENGAWASAN INTERNAL TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PEMERINTAH DI DINAS PERTANIAN TANAMAN PANGAN DAN HORTIKULTURA KABUPATEN ACEH BARAT
Authors: Juanda Safril , Darmayanti Cici 
Published: April 2022

Abstrak: Penelitian Ini Bertujuan Untuk Mengetahui Pengaruh Penerapan Akuntansi Dan Pengawasan Internal Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pemerintah Di Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Dan Holtikultura Kabupaten Aceh Barat. Populasi Pada Penelitian Ini Adalah Seluruh Pegawai Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Dan Holtikultura Kabupaten Aceh Barat. Pemilihan Sampel Dengan Menggunakan Purposive Sampling Method, Dan Diperoleh Sebanyak 35 Orang. Metode Analisis Data Yang Digunakan Dalam Penelitian Ini Adalah Analisis Regresi Linier Berganda Dengan Menggunakan Program SPSS Dan Microsoft Excel. Berdasarkan Hasil Penelitian Diketahui Bahwa Secara Parsial, Penerapan Akuntansi Tidak Berpengaruh Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pemerintah. Pengawasan Internal Berpengaruh Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pemerintah. Sedangkan Secara Simultan Penerapan Akuntansi Dan Pengawasan Internal Berpengaruh Signifikann Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pemerintah.Kata Kunci: Penerapan Akuntansi Dan Pengawasan Internal Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pemerintah.
Mechanical response of polyprotein revealed by single-molecule optical tweezers
Authors: Li Shuai , Liu Haiqing , Hu Chunguang , He Chengzhi , Hu Huizhu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We researched the mechanical unfolding of protein domains in monomeric protein NuG2 and the tandem polyproteins (NuG2)8 and (NuG2)16 using a dual-trap optical tweezers system. By stretching NuG2 and its polyproteins, (NuG2)8 and (NuG2)16 at the constant pulling speed of 500 nm s−1, we achieved the mechanical unfolding force of each domain in these proteins. Besides, we calculated the energy dissipation of NuG2, (NuG2)8 and (NuG2)16 by measuring the area enclosed by stretching and relaxation traces. Our results represent a key step towards engineering artificial polyproteins with controllable mechanical force and energy dissipation properties for force-buffering and energy dissipator applications.
Multi-Modal Instruction based Reinforcement Learning using MoME Transformer
Authors: Kadakia Avish , Mohammed Sabah 
Published: April 2022

<p> In this research, we present a model architecture for employing reinforcement learning with transformers for multimodal tasks. Using transformers allows us to take advantage of the transformer architecture’s simplicity and scalability, as well as developments in language and vision modelling such as ViT, GPT-x, and BERT. Specifically we have trained the model to recognize various digits from the MNIST dataset from their associated word labels and instructions provided. The approach is similar to how an infant would learn to associate pictorial representation of digits to their corresponding words. We have used a MoME transformer in conjunction with Deep Q Learning to train our model. The image inputs have been embedded using pre-trained ResNet18 and the instructions have been embedded using GLoVe before passing them to the model for prediction and training. </p>
On the Error Performance of LoRa-Enabled Aerial Networks over Shadowed Rician Fading Channels
Authors: Bariah Lina , Jaafar Wael , muhaidat sami , Elgala Hany , Yanikomeroglu Halim 
Published: April 2022

<p>UAVs can be used as aerial relays to provide communication services in remote uncovered areas or dense environments with occasional high capacity demands. However, due to the low power of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, UAV-based IoT applications, such as precision agriculture and environment monitoring, may experience high shadowing or equipment failure, which degrades the communications' quality between IoT devices and their gateways. To tackle this issue, we consider the long range (LoRa) communication technology. Specifically, we investigate the performance of LoRA-enabled aerial communications, where a LoRa gateway communicates with a distant IoT device through the assistance of an amplify-and-forward aerial relay. Under the assumption of shadowed Rician fading channels, we characterize at first the end-to-end LoRa communication link.</p>
<p>Then, we derive an exact symbol error rate expression for the underlying system model. Finally, numerical results are presented to corroborate the efficacy of our derived expressions and provide valuable insights into the error performance of LoRa-enabled aerial networks. </p>
Analisis Aktiyitas Tax Avoidance Dari Perspektif Moral
Authors: Lim Setiadi Alim 
Published: April 2022

Tax avoidance and tax evasion are not new problems for many countries in the world. They are not unique phenomenon in modern tax problems since many years. Many researchers state that tax avoidance has grown significantly in recent decades. It has been continuously eroded the integrity of the tax base in many countries. Tax avoidance and tax evasion have the same goal: to minimize or to eliminate tax liability. Tax avoidance is legal activity, whereas tax evasion is illegal activity. Although tax avoidance is not formally violate the tax law, but it is usually in contradiction with the intent and spirit of the tax law. This paper is aimed to determine whether tax avoidance is moral or not.
Apples and Oranges: Comparing Black Holes in X-Ray Binaries and Gravitational-wave Sources
Authors: Fishbach Maya , Kalogera Vicky 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The component black holes (BHs) observed in gravitational-wave (GW) binary black hole (BBH) events tend to be more massive and slower spinning than those observed in black hole X-ray binaries (BH-XRBs). Without modeling their evolutionary histories, we investigate whether these apparent tensions in the BH populations can be explained by GW observational selection effects alone. We find that this is indeed the case for the discrepancy between BH masses in BBHs and the observed high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs), when we account for statistical uncertainty from the small sample size of just three HMXBs. On the other hand, the BHs in observed low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) are significantly lighter than the astrophysical BBH population, but this may just be due to a correlation between component masses in a binary system. Given their light stellar companions, we expect light BHs in LMXBs. The observed spins in HMXBs and LMXBs, however, are in tension with the inferred BBH spin distribution at the >99.9% level. We discuss possible scenarios behind the significantly larger spins in observed BH-XRBs. One possibility is that a small subpopulation (conservatively <30%) of BBHs have rapidly spinning primary components, indicating that they may have followed a similar evolutionary pathway to the observed HMXBs. In LMXBs, it has been suggested that BHs can spin up by accretion. If LMXB natal spins follow the BBH spin distribution, we find LMXBs must gain an average dimensionless spin of

0.47

−
0.11

+
0.10

, but if their natal spins follow the observed HMXB spins, the average spin-up must be <0.03.
Ecocide – global consequences (pesticides, radionuclides, petroleum products)
Authors: Metcheva Roumiana , Ostoich Peter , Beltcheva Michaela 
Published: April 2022

The problem of environmental pollution is becoming increasingly important on a global scale. Man has oversaturated the environment of his habitat with harmful and most often toxic waste. It is difficult to describe all the toxic substances, as a separate book can be written for each group. The term “ecocide” has been introduced, which reflects large-scale destruction of the natural environment. We will focus only on three classes of pollutants that are of particular concern, creating environmental conflicts. These are:
• Pesticides are extremely toxic and create large amounts of non-degradable waste. It accumulates in tissues and organs of target organisms, becoming toxic and causing serious pathological changes in the body, mainly at the cellular and subcellular levels, causing various diseases and as a result, serious changes in the structure and functions of the populations and the whole ecosystem are increasingly observed.
• Waste from the nuclear industry and radioactive fallout from nuclear explosions. It is especially dangerous that radioactive elements can be concentrated in certain organs.
• Petroleum products - often large quantities end up in the seas and oceans, along with industrial waste of various kinds, impossible to compensate for by nature and they pose a serious threat to ecosystems, many of which have already been destroyed.
At the submolecular level, chemical and physical effects can lead to genetic rearrangements (mutations); destructive ionization in the tissues of every living being, sometimes with completely unexpected consequences for humans.
Cycloplegic Autorefraction as a Substitute for Cycloplegic Retinoscopy in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Schott Brian , Seery Christopher , Wagner Rudolph S. , Guo Suqin 
Published: April 2022

Purpose:
To evaluate whether cycloplegic autorefraction can provide similar results as cycloplegic retinoscopy, allowing more comprehensive ophthalmologists to be comfortable in managing pediatric refractive error and refractive amblyopia.

Methods:
This retrospective chart review was performed to determine the mean difference in sphere, cylinder, and axis between cycloplegic autorefraction and retinoscopy, both of which were obtained on the same eye at least 30 minutes after cycloplegia and dilation with a mixed solution of tropicamide, cyclopentolate, and phenylephrine.

Results:

A total of 34 eyes (18 right, 16 left) from 18 patients were included in the analysis. Mean sphere difference between cycloplegic autorefraction and retinoscopy was 0.044 ± 0.278 diopters (D) (95% CI: −1.275 to 1.363 D), mean cylinder difference was −0.081 ± 0.236 D (95% CI: −0.706 to 0.544 D), and mean axis difference was 7.059 ± 19.676 degrees (95% CI: −32.527 to 38.878 degrees). Mean differences in sphere, cylinder, and axis were not statistically significant (
P
= .362, .0541, and .377, respectively).

Conclusions:
In this small sample population, cycloplegic autorefraction was comparable to cycloplegic retinoscopy. Recognition of amblyopia should still prompt evaluation by a pediatric ophthalmologist. Further research is necessary to confirm whether uncomplicated refractive error in children may be sufficiently detected and managed by a comprehensive ophthalmologist.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2022:59(6):422–427.]
Apport de la modélisation bayésienne par ChronoModel à la datation de la tombe de Gunsa
Authors: Gauthier Fabrice , Lefèvre Jean-Claude , Oberlin Christine 
Published: April 2022

À la fin de l’Antiquité et pendant le premier Moyen Âge, la tombe du martyr Julien a fait de la ville de Brioude un centre religieux majeur des Gaules. Plusieurs édifices ont été fouillés, dont le baptistère. Malgré les interdictions religieuses réitérées pendant cette période, le bâtiment a servi de lieu d’inhumation. Deux sarcophages à épitaphe ont été découverts en contexte stratigraphique : celui de Mellonius, daté du 24 mars 550, en référence au règne de Théodebald, le petit-fils de Thierry Ier, et celui de Gunsa, daté du 1er mars, en référence au règne d’un Théodebert. Deux rois austrasiens portent ce nom et ont régné sur la cité arverne (Augustonemetum). Deux millésimes sont possibles : 534 pour Théodebert I et 597 pour Théodebert II. La datation radiocarbone de cette tombe ne permettant pas de trancher, nous avons eu recours aux statistiques bayésiennes via le logiciel ChronoModel. Un modèle chronologique a été établi en prenant en compte l’ensemble de nos données typologiques, stratigraphiques et chronologiques. Les résultats ajoutent un argumentaire statistique en faveur de la datation épigraphique la plus ancienne de la tombe de Gunsa.
Factors That Affect Pile Driving With A Vibro Hammer
Authors: Verbeek Gerald , Van Dorp Rob , Moscoso Nicolas , Bielefeld Marcel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
When assessing the driveability of a pile into the soil using a vibro hammer it is important that all factors that affect that process are recognized. For a particular project, the soil conditions are obviously fixed as they are determined by the project location, and the only true variables are the selection and operation of the hammer, as in many cases the pile is already designed without taking into account all aspects that are related to the driveability with a vibro hammer. The paper explores the soil related aspects (so that the hammer can be selected to generate the movement in the pile to enhance soil penetration), the pile related aspects (to illustrate how pile parameters can affect the penetration process), and the operational aspects of the pile driving. These aspects are then illustrated through simulation results and actual installation records of the monopile installation for the NAM L13-F1-1 platform on the Dutch sector of the North Sea.
Early Detection and Assessment of Asphaltene Precipitation and Gas Hydrate Formation at Field Conditions
Authors: Delgado-Linares Jose G. , Pohl Mathias , Majid Ahmad A. A. , Yoda Chitose , Tanaka Norio , Zerpa Luis E. , Prasad Manika , Koh Carolyn A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The detection of asphaltene precipitation and gas hydrate formation is critical to preventing production losses and to optimize strategies for mitigation and remediation. Likewise, the evaluation of some flow properties (e.g., viscosity and yield stress) of the slurries formed for asphaltenes and hydrates are paramount when developing and testing prediction tools for safe field operations. Several complications must be considered when dealing with asphaltenes and hydrates at field conditions, e.g., harsher conditions (especially high or extremely high pressure), the variation of fluid composition over time, and the lack of information on the thermodynamic conditions at which those solids (asphaltenes and hydrates) form. One possibility to face this challenge is to use field information to calibrate existing prediction models/tools and make them applicable for new field conditions. Hence, there is interest in industry to develop new tools that allow the detection of asphaltenes and hydrates in the early stages of their formation.
In this work, acoustic and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements are utilized to detect asphaltene precipitation in crude and model oils. Asphaltene detection was performed at ambient pressure and at CO2 pressurized conditions. Acoustic and NMR measurements were sensitive to the asphaltene concentration in the tested oils. In addition, rheological properties such as viscosity and yield stress were determined for hydrate slurries in crude oil systems at different water volume fractions, salt (NaCl) concentrations and gas compositions. Gas hydrate slurry formed from a CO2-rich gas exhibited a phase inversion in rheological experiments (external phase changed from oil to water), which was possibly promoted by the CO2-activated natural surfactants of the crude oil.