bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between dietary habits and metabolic syndrome: findings from the Shahedieh-cohort study
Authors: Fallah Zahra , Darand Mina , Salehi-Abargouei Amin , Mirzaei Masoud , Ferns Gordon A. , Khayyatzadeh Sayyed Saeid 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex disorder with an increasing prevalence globally. Limited data are available about the association between dietary habits and the prevalence of MetS. The present cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between dietary habits and MetS in a large population sample from Iranians.

Methods
The study was conducted on 9261 adults aged 35–70 years who attended the baseline phase of Shahedieh cohort study, Yazd, Iran. Dietary habits including meal frequency, fried food consumption, adding salt to prepared meal, barbecued food consumption, used oil type and reuse oil number were assessed by a standard questionnaire. MetS was defined using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Logistic regression was used in different adjusted models to investigate the relationship between dietary habits and MetS: (Model I: adjusted for age, sex and energy. Model II: Model I + adjusted for wealth score index and physical activity. Model III: Model II + adjusted for cardiovascular diseases and liver diseases).

Results
The subjects who ate barbecued-food more than 3 times/ month had 1.18 times greater odds for MetS than individual who ate this less than once/ month (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.01–1.38). After further adjustment for other confounding variables, the association remained significant. No significant association was found between other dietary habits and odds of MetS.

Conclusion
Higher intakes of barbecued-food consumption were related to the prevalence of MetS. Larger longitudinal studies in other population groups are needed to confirm these associations.
Dietary diversity and its relationship with nutritional adequacy in 24 to 59 months old children in Iran: study protocol
Authors: Yari Zahra , Amini Maryam , Rasekhi Hamid , Nikooyeh Bahareh , Doustmohammadian Azam , Ghodsi Delaram , Rabiei Samira , Neyestani Tirang R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Nutritional inadequacy, especially micronutrients, is still a serious concern among children in developing countries. Dietary diversity score (DDS) has been recommended as a proxy for nutritional adequacy. The present study aims to develop a questionnaire to assess the dietary diversity among 24–59 months children in Iran; also, the validity of the dietary diversity score as an indicator of nutritional status among the children will be assessed.

Methods
In order to design the questionnaire, the Food and Agriculture Organization Guideline for measuring individual dietary diversity will be applied. According to the guideline, foods are categorized into nine groups, then dietary diversity score will be calculated by summing the number of food groups. In order to evaluate the efficacy of this questionnaire in predicting the nutritional status of the children, the relationship between dietary diversity score calculated by the questionnaire with nutritional adequacy, serum retinol and anthropometric indicators will be compared.

Discussion
DDS can be a valuable indicator for predicting the adequacy of macronutrients and micronutrients specially in children. It is also significantly related to the mean probability of adequacy (MPA).
The worldwide patent landscape of dental implant technology
Authors: Kim Woo Jin , Cho Young-Dan , Ku Young , Ryoo Hyun-Mo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In an aging society, quality of life improvement is emerging as an important issue, and as implants are accepted as the core of oral rehabilitation treatment, competition for leadership in developing related technologies is intensifying. In this trend, unlike what is evident in the literature, the patent landscape shows the status of industrial-based technology development. A database analysis of a total of 32,237 dental implant patents shows improvements in technology, diverse geographical characteristics, and new advances toward technological convergence in this field. Technologically, dental implant technology has shown a tendency to develop from conventional implant materials and surface treatment technologies to new material technologies making use of substances such as pure zirconium and tantalum or software technologies related to diagnosis and prognosis. Regionally, dental implant technology, which was developed mainly in Europe and the Unites States in the past, is growing explosively in East Asian countries accompanied by the recent growth of the Asian market. In summary, dental implant technology seems to be developing while trying to converge with various technological areas based on the local market environment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new dental implant material technology that is highly applicable to the development of hybrid information/communication technology and is suitable for a new manufacturing method. Our study may provide important information to help basic and translational researchers and their financial supporters set their research directions in advancing the development of dental implants.
Pachychoroid neovasculopathy can mimic wet type age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Farvardin Mohsen , Amini Abdulrahim , Azizpourfard Younes , Yasemi Masoud , Mahdizad Zahra , Johari Mohammadkarim 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
to determine the percentage of patients with pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV) among patients who have been misdiagnosed and treated with wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods
In this retrospective cross-sectional study, patients over 55 years old, who were diagnosed with wet AMD, were re-evaluated. All patients were recalled for examination and imaging. Patients with PNV were differentiated form wet AMD based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results
Overall, 120 patients (137 eyes) were recorded with wet AMD in the clinic. Finally, after complete re-evaluation, 94 (106 eyes) and 26 patients (31 eyes) were assigned to the AMD and the PNV group, respectively. Thus, a total of 20% of patients with primary mistake diagnosis of wet AMD, actually had PNV. The mean sub field choroidal thickness (SFCT) in the AMD and PNV groups was 173.8 ± 69 μm and 342 ± 27 μm, respectively. Drusen and pachydrusen were found in 69.9% and 24% of the cases with AMD and PNV, respectively (P = 0.001). The average number of intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) required in the AMD and PNV groups was about 5 and 3, respectively, which was statistically significant (P-value 0.02).

Conclusion
This study revealed that about a one-fifth of wet AMD patients are actually pachychoroid neovasculopathy. These patients were younger and had thicker SFCT, and developed less subretinal scarring. Thus, the disorder must be considered as an important differential diagnosis of AMD-CNV.
Facing hierarchy: a qualitative study of residents’ experiences in an obstetrical simulation scenario
Authors: Garber Adam B. , Posner Glenn , Roebotham Taylor , Bould M. Dylan , Taylor Taryn 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Residents in surgical specialties face a steep hierarchy when managing medical crises. Hierarchy can negatively impact patient safety when team members are reluctant to speak up. Yet, simulation has scarcely been previously utilized to qualitatively explore the way residents in surgical specialities navigate this challenge. The study aimed to explore the experiences of residents in one surgical specialty, obstetrics and gynecology (Ob/Gyn), when challenging hierarchy, with the goal of informing future interventions to optimize resident learning and patient safety.

Methods
Eight 3rd- and 4th-year Ob/Gyn residents participated in a simulation scenario in which their supervising physician made an erroneous medical decision that jeopardized the wellbeing of the labouring mother and her foetus. Residents participated in 30–45 min semi-structured interviews that explored their approach to managing this scenario. Transcribed interviews were analysed using qualitative thematic inquiry by three research team members, finalizing the identified themes once consensus was reached.

Results
Study results show that the simulated scenario did create an experience of hierarchy that challenged residents. In response, residents adopted three distinct communication strategies while confronting hierarchy: (1) messaging — a mere reporting of existing clinical information; (2) interpretive — a deliberate construction of clinical facts aimed at swaying supervising physician’s clinical decision; and (3) advocative — a readiness to confront the staff physician’s clinical decision. Furthermore, residents utilized coping mechanisms to mitigate challenges related to confronting hierarchy, namely deflecting responsibility, diminishing urgency, and drafting allies. Both these communication strategies and coping mechanisms shaped their practice when challenging hierarchy to preserve patient safety.

Conclusions
Understanding the complex processes in which residents engage when confronting hierarchy can serve to inform the development and study of curricular innovations. Informed by these processes, we must move beyond solely teaching residents to speak up and consider a broader curriculum that targets not only residents but also faculty physicians and the learning environment within the organization.
Gamma counting protocols for the accurate quantification of 225Ac and 213Bi without the need for a secular equilibrium between parent and gamma-emitting daughter
Authors: Castillo Seoane Dayana , De Saint-Hubert Marijke , Ahenkorah Stephen , Saldarriaga Vargas Clarita , Ooms Maarten , Struelens Lara , Koole Michel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Quantification of actinium-225 through gamma counter measurements, when there is no secular equilibrium between actinium-225 and its gamma emitting daughters bismuth-213 and/or francium-221, can provide valuable information regarding the possible relocation of recoiled daughters such that related radiotoxicity effects can be evaluated. This study proposes a multiple time-point protocol using the bismuth-213 photopeak with measurements before secular equilibrium between actinium-225 and bismuth-213, and a single time-point protocol using both the francium-221 and bismuth-213 photopeak while assuming secular equilibrium between actinium-225 and francium-221 but not between bismuth-213 and actinium-225.

Results
Good agreement (i.e. 3% accuracy) was obtained when relying on a multiple time-points measurement of bismuth-213 to quantify both actinium-225 and excess of bismuth-213. Following scatter correction, actinium-225 can be accurately quantified using the francium-221 in a single time-point measurement within 3% of accuracy. The analysis performed on the stability data of [225Ac]Ac-DEPA and [225Ac]Ac-DOTA complexes, before secular equilibrium between bismuth-213 and actinium-225 was formed, revealed considerable amounts of unbound bismuth-213 (i.e. more than 90%) after 24 h of the radiolabeling most likely due to the recoiled daughter effect.

Conclusion
Both protocols were able to accurately estimate 225Ac-activities provided the francium-221 energy window was corrected for the down scatter of the higher-energy gamma-emissions by bismuth-213. This could prove beneficial to study the recoiled daughter effect and redistribution of free bismuth-213 by monitoring the accumulation or clearance of bismuth-213 in different tissues during biodistribution studies or in patient samples during clinical studies. On the other hand, the single gamma counter measurement protocol, although required a 30 min waiting time, is more time and cost efficient and therefore more appropriate for standardized quality control procedures of 225Ac-labeled radiopharmaceuticals.
The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and autoimmune thyroid disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Bagherzadeh-Fard Mahsa , Yazdanifar Mohammad Amin , Aghaali Mohammad , Masoumi Maryam 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common chronic non-organ-specific autoimmune diseases; meanwhile, autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is the most common organ-specific autoimmune disease that can lead to hypo or hyperthyroidism. Although the etiology of both diseases is complex with a combination of genetic and environmental factors, there are overlaps in genes contributing to the pathogenesis of both diseases. Numerous studies found a correlation between thyroid abnormality and RA in different populations, yet some didn’t. This study is aimed to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction, AITD, and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) positively in Iranian patients with RA.MethodsA total of 250 RA patients and 248 patients with non-inflammatory rheumatologic disease were included in this case–control study. All participants underwent complete clinical and laboratory assessments. Participants were also assessed for thyroid function testing, including anti-TPO antibodies.ResultsThyroid dysfunction was twice as common in RA patients as in controls (OR = 2.16; P-value > 0.001). Overt hypothyroidism was the most common thyroid dysfunction among RA patients (58 out of 84). Anti-TPO positivity was also significantly more common in RA compared with controls (OR = 2.65; P-value > 0.001). The proportion of controls and RA patients with AITD were 9 and 21.5%, respectively. AITD was found 2.8 times more common in RA group than controls (OR = 2.77; P-value > 0.001).ConclusionIt was demonstrated that RA was an independent factor associated with thyroid dysfunction and AITD.
Which artificial larval diet is better for Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) rearing?
Authors: Maset Bruno Aguiar , Demetrio Clarice Garcia Borges , Lopes Luís Anselmo , Costa Maria de Lourdes Zamboni , Botteon Victor Wilson , Mastrangelo Thiago de Araújo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is an increasing demand for biological agents for integrated pest management programs, requiring a constant supply of insects in terms of quantity and quality. In this context, the development of insect-rearing methods and quality control parameters are essential in order to provide best-quality and economic viability products. The medflyCeratitis capitata(Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is one of the most economically important species of fruit flies in several fruit-producing areas of Brazil, being massively reared in many countries for Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) programs. To achieve mass production scale, suitable larval diets are necessary for medfly rearing at laboratory conditions. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the best artificial larval diet and the respective larval density forC. capitataon diets based on corn flour (CF), sugarcane bagasse (SB), and lyophilized carrot powder (CP), considering biological parameters of quality control and economic viability.ResultsBased on the obtained results and although all diets produced quality pupae according to FAO/IAEA/USDA standards, the SB artificial diet promoted better results in the number of larvae, larval weight, number of pupae, and pupal weight, in comparison with CF and CP diets, as well as being the most economically viable. The optimal larval densities on CF, SB, and CP diets were, respectively, 0.5, 2.0, and 1.0 mL of eggs/kg of diet.ConclusionsThe diet that was most suitable for insect yield and economic viability was the SB diet, followed by the CF and CP diets, in this order.
Isolation and evaluation of indigenous endophytic entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana UHSB-END1 (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae), against Spodoptera litura Fabricius
Authors: Jamunarani G. S. , Ramanagouda S. H. , Venkateshalu B. , Jayappa J. , Raghavendra Gunnaiah , Rudresh D. L. , Kulkarni M. S. , Mahantesha B. N. Naika , Gopali J. B. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Microbial biological control agents are gaining worldwide attention to manage insect pests as an alternative to synthetic insecticides. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) meet eco-friendly pest management’s demand since mere contact of infective propagules is sufficient to cause disease in insect pests, unlike other entomopathogens. However, epiphytic fungal isolates encounter multiple challenges including direct exposure of conidia to sunlight and UV light, high temperature, and low moisture content that reduce their efficacy at the field level. Therefore, utilization of endophytic EPF is becoming more popular because they get protection from adverse conditions compared to the epiphytic EPF as they reside inside the host tissue. In addition, the endophytic EPF also give protection against crop diseases and promote plant growth, degradation of heavy metals, and tolerance to abiotic stress.

Results
The increased mortality of Spodoptera litura (Fab.) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) was achieved through endophytic colonization of indigenous Beauveria bassiana UHSB-END-1 (OM131742). The bioassay proved the highest mortality 2nd instar larvae of S. litura at 40 dpi, both in vivo and in planta experiment. Further, larvae fed with fungal colonized leaves of tomato plant ended with abnormal growth and developmental process. The recovery of B. bassiana from different plant parts (stem, leaves, and roots) was the highest (100%) in all the methods of colonization at 14, 40, 60, 80 dpi, and it was decreased at 120 dpi (80%). The colonization rate was again increased in the next-generation seeds and seedlings (25 days old). This isolate gets vertically transmitted to their progenies via seeds, and it is the first report in tomato crop.

Conclusion
After ensuring the safeness of this isolate against non-target organisms, it can be one of the constitutes in sustainable cost-effective strategy for management of pests affecting tomato as one of the components in integrated pests management. Inoculation of endophytic EPF into seed/seedling reduces environmental impacts and also easy, economical, and sustainable approach for pest management in horticulture crops which are often consumed as raw. Although field studies are required to support the present finding, this appears to be an interesting tool that should be considered for pest biocontrol.
Intrathecal bupivacaine versus bupivacaine and clonidine in pediatrics: a double-blind controlled study
Authors: Bhatia Upasna , Abraham Shyni , Panchal Mona , Parmar Nirja , Khanbhaiwala Fatema Burhan , Gupta Juhi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Spinal anesthesia is establishing a place in pediatric daycare anesthesia as a possible substitute for general anesthesia in children undergoing infraumbilical abdominal or lower extremity surgeries. Clonidine intensifies the effect of bupivacaine when given intrathecally as an adjuvant.

Methods and Objective of study
This is a prospective randomized double-blind study carried out in 60 ASA physical status 1 and 2 (3–13 years) pediatric patients scheduled for infraumbilical abdominal or lower extremity surgeries. Participants were randomly allocated to two groups. Group B received hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% alone (0.4 mg/kg for wt. 5–15 kg or 0.3 mg/kg for wt. > 15 kg), and group BC received hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% (0.4 mg/kg for wt. 5–15 kg or 0.3 mg/kg for wt. > 15 kg) and preservative-free clonidine (1 μg/kg), comprising 30 patients each. The primary outcome was the measurement of the time of onset of sensory block, the maximum level of sensory block, duration of sensory block, and duration of post-op analgesia.

Results
The mean onset of sensory block was 3.04 ± 1.5 min in group BC vs. 5.01 ± 0.30 in group B p = 0.0001. The mean onset of motor block was also earlier in group BC 3.81 ± 0.38 min vs. 6.47 ± 4.66 min in group B p = 0.0028. The mean duration of analgesia was 391.33 ± 33 min in group BC vs. 194.5 ± 28 min in group B with a p-value of 0.0001. None of the patients belonging to either group demonstrated a segmental level higher than T5.

Conclusions
We infer that clonidine is a good adjuvant to bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia in pediatric patients as far as comfort is concerned. It decreases the time taken for onset, has a longer duration of postoperative analgesia, and has a better quality of sedation with no added side effects as compared to bupivacaine alone, in pediatric patients undergoing surgeries below T8 dermatome.
Experimental study on airfoil flow separation control via an air-supplement plasma synthetic jet
Authors: Liu Ru-Bing , Wei Wen-Tao , Wan Hai-Peng , Lin Qi , Li Fei , Tang Kun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAn air-supplement plasma synthetic jet (PSJ) actuator increases the air supplemental volume in the recovery stage and improves the jet energy by attaching a check valve to the chamber of a conventional actuator. To explore the flow control effect and mechanism of the air-supplement actuator, via particle image velocimetry experiments in a low-speed wind tunnel, the flow field and boundary layer characteristics of a two-dimensional airfoil surface under different actuation states were compared for different attack angles and jet orifices. The experimental results show that, compared with the conventional actuation state, the jet energy of the air-supplement PSJ is higher and the indirect mixing effect of the counter-vortex sequence produced by the jet-mainstream interaction is stronger. Furthermore, the boundary layer mixing effect is better, which can further suppress flow separation and improve the critical flow separation attack angle. Moreover, increasing the jet momentum coefficient can enhance the flow control effect. The findings of this study could provide guidance for the flow control application of air-supplement PSJs.
Polyphenol based hybrid nano-aggregates modified collagen fibers of biological valve leaflets to achieve enhanced mechanical, anticoagulation and anti-calcification properties
Authors: Li Shufen , Lang Shiying , Chen Zhiqian , Chen Jingruo , Zhuang Weihua , Du Yangrui , Yao Yawen , Liu Gongyan , Chen Mao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGlutaraldehyde (Glut)-crosslinked porcine pericardium and bovine pericardium are mainly consisted of collagen and widely used for the preparation of heterogenous bioprosthetic heart valves (BHV), which play an important role in the replacement therapy of severe valvular heart disease, while their durability is limited by degeneration due to calcification, thrombus, endothelialization difficulty and prosthetic valve endocarditis. Herein, we develop a novel BHV, namely, TPly-BP, based on natural tannic acid and polylysine to improve the durability of Glut crosslinked bovine pericardium (Glut-BP). Impressively, tannic acid and polylysine could form nanoaggregates via multiple hydrogen bonds and covalent bonds, and the introduction of nanoaggregates not only improved the mechanical properties and collagen stability but also endowed TPly-BP with good biocompatibility and hemocompatibility. Compared to Glut-BP, TPly-BP showed significantly reduced cytotoxicity, improved endothelial cell adhesion, a low hemolysis ratio and obviously reduced platelet adhesion. Importantly, TPly-BP exhibited great antibacterial and in vivo anti-calcification ability, which was expected to improve the in vivo durability of BHVs. These results suggested that TPly-BP would be a potential candidate for BHV.
Graphical abstract