bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Embedded deformation of the rubble-mound foundation of gravity-type quay walls and influence factors
Authors: Zheng Qingsong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this study, the embedded depths of the rocks of the single-layer placement group and the multilayer riprap group were compared through a self-made test device. Besides, a finite element model of a single layer of regular rocks was developed to probe into the factors that impact the embedded deformation of the rubble-mound foundation of a gravity-type quay wall, including the cohesion and angle of internal friction of foundation soil, as well as the particle size of and the interval between rocks. Research results indicated that it was feasible to replace multilayer randomly dumped rocks with single-layer regularly placed rocks. The embedded depth decreased as the cohesion and angle of internal friction of soil increased. The influence of load on the embedded depth was small when the cohesion was less than 10 kPa or the angle of internal friction was smaller than 40°. When the load was lower than 80 kPa, the impact of the particle size of rocks on the embedded depth would be negligible, and such impact grew along with the load. When the load was below 100 kPa, the interval between rocks exerted relatively minor influence on the embedded depth: under a constant porosity, the embedded depth would decrease as the interval increased, and this correlation became more significant when the load exceeded 800 kPa; under varied porosities, a larger interval would lead to an increased embedded depth but the increase would be limited within a range of 10% of the original depth.
Influence of number and position of measuring points on the nondestructive testing method to predict the flexural modulus of aged wood
Authors: Yang Na , Wang Zhongcheng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this work was to ascertain the influence of the nondestructive testing (NDT) method, as well as the location and number of measuring points, on the correlation between NDT indices and the flexural modulus (MOE) of small clear specimens of aged wood. The MOE of the Tibetan Populus cathayana specimens sawed from an ancient floor beam were measured, and multiposition NDT was carried out with a stress wave and resistography detector. Unary and multivariate linear methods and the stepwise regression method were used to discuss the correlation between the NDT indices and MOE. The results indicated that the NDT index of M

f
, which combined stress wave velocity and microdrilling resistance, had the highest correlation coefficient (R) with MOE. When the number of measuring points was increased from 2 to 8, R could be increased by up to 180.2%. The stepwise regression method is efficient in determining the optimal combination of variables while avoiding colinearity. Thus, using appropriate NDT indices while considering the texture characteristics of the specimen can effectively improve the MOE prediction accuracy.
Unvermeidbare Maßänderungen durch thermische Spannungen *
Authors: Frerichs F. , Lübben Th. , Hoffmann F. , Zoch H.-W. , Wolff M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Unvermeidbarer Verzug, der in nicht umwandelnden Werkstoffen durch thermische Spannungen während der Abschreckung entsteht, hängt von relativ wenigen Parametern ab: Härtetemperatur, Umgebungstemperatur, Wärmekapazität, Wärmeleitfähigkeit, Dichte, thermische Dehnung, E-Modul, Poisson-Zahl, Streckgrenze und Verfestigungsverhalten. Zusätzlich beeinflussen noch die Form und die Größe des Bauteils den Verzug.
Bisherige Untersuchungen an langen und dünnen Zylindern haben gezeigt, dass es ein typisches Maßänderungsverhalten beim Abschrecken von Zylindern im Gasdüsenfeld gibt, das abhängig von der Biot-Zahl ist. Es stellt sich nunmehr die Frage, wie die anderen Parameter auf den Verzug wirken und wie diese mit der Biot-Zahl zusammenwirken. Mittels einer Dimensionsanalyse konnten die oben genannten 14 Parameter auf neun dimensionslose Kennzahlen reduziert werden. Eine numerische Analyse dieser Kennzahlen hat gezeigt, dass sieben dieser dimensionslosen Kennzahlen den Verzug beeinflussen.
Dephosphorization kinetics of high-P-containing reduced iron produced from oolitic hematite ore
Authors: Liu Liwei , Li Guofeng , Li Yanfeng , Zhao Libing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
To comprehensively utilize Fe and P in oolitic hematite ore, an innovative method was proposed to enhance P enrichment in the reduced iron during the reduction process. The reduced iron was then converted to low-P-containing molten iron and high-P-containing slag in the presence of CaO–SiO2–FeO–Al2O3 slag. In this study, the P content of the final iron after 0–1,800 s dephosphorization was investigated at different slag composition conditions, and the dephosphorization kinetics of the reduced iron was analyzed. The results showed that the P content of the final iron sample decreased rapidly within 600 s of dephosphorization and became almost constant with increasing dephosphorization time to 1,800 s. The basicity, FeO content, and Al2O3 content also affected the dephosphorization rate of the reduced iron. The apparent dephosphorization rate constant ranged from 1.141 × 10−3 to 2.363 × 10−3 g·(cm2·s)−1, and the overall mass transfer coefficient ranged from 2.47 × 10−3 to 3.38 × 10−3 cm·s−1. The rate-controlling step of the dephosphorization process was the mass transfer of P in both the slag and iron phases. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for the utilization of refractory oolitic hematite ore.
Partitioning method of reserve capacity based on spectral clustering considering wind power
Authors: Feng Shuhai , Cheng Haihua , Wang Zhengfeng , Zeng Dan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
With the rapid development of the power system, the complexity of power system continues to increase. The large-scale of clean energy increases the complexity of the power system structure, which makes the power system’s operating status complex and changeable. To ensure the safety, stability, and economic operation of the power system, the power system needs to maintain a certain spinning reserve capacity and ensure that the reserve is available. The spinning reserve optimization method based on fixed partitions cannot effectively deal with the source-net-load volatility and the line congestion problems caused by wind power. To this aim, this paper proposes a power system reserve capacity partitioning algorithm based on the spectral clustering algorithm considering wind power. First, the energy-reserve joint optimization unit commitment problem is built. Secondly, considering the uncertainty of wind power output and the line N − 1 failure, a risk assessment method for line congestion is established; then the power transfer distribution factor (PTDF) of the congested line is considered as the similarity measure. A method based on the iterative partition method based on spectral clustering is proposed. Finally, the reserve capacity configuration based on the dynamic partition results is determined. The IEEE-118 bus system is used in this paper to verify the proposed method. The results show that the reserve capacity dynamic partition method proposed in this paper determines the number of partitions automatically. Reserve capacity partitions are built reasonably. After the reserve capacity partitions, the availability of spinning reserve capacity is effectively guaranteed.
Melt Conveying in Co-rotating Twin Screw Extruders
Authors: Mours M. , Reinelt D. , Wagner H.-G. , Gilbert N. , Hofmann J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based on a finite-volume method was used to simulate three-dimensional pressure and velocity fields for non-Newtonian fluids in fully filled screw elements in a co-rotating twin screw extruder. The employed method also allows the calculation of temperature fields for non-isothermal flow which requires a non-steady state calculation.
The CFD code was first evaluated on simple flow cases such as flow of a Newtonian or non-Newtonian fluid through a cylindrical die or flow in single screw extruders equipped with different screws. The results agreed very well with analytical calculations (die flow) and experimental results (single screw extruder). In a next step, we wanted to establish the reliability of the numerical results for twin screw extruders by performing experiments on a 40 mm and a 58 mm screw diameter machine. Temperature and pressure distribution along the screw in the fully filled section in front of the die were measured. Melt conveying in several screw elements (different pitches) was studied for different materials (amorphous polystyrene and partially crystalline polypropylene) at various flow rates and screw speeds. It was attempted to measure axial pressure build-up for flow rates from nearly zero to beyond the drag capacity of the specific element. The measured bulk values of pressure were then compared to the corresponding values extracted from the CFD simulation results. So far, only isothermal calculations (at different temperatures) have been performed. The temperature profile along the screw was determined by calculating the energy dissipation in isothermal slices and converting the dissipated energy into internal energy (temperature increase, neglecting heat losses at the wall). General agreement between experimental and numerical results is good.
Viscoplastic Material Modeling for the Stretch Blow Molding Simulation
Authors: Wang S. , Makinouchi A. , Okamoto M. , Kotaka T. , Maeshima M. , Ibe N. , Nakagawa T. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the viscoplastic material model of PET (polyethylene terephthalate), which is intended to be used in the FEM (finite element method) simulation of stretch blow molding process, has been studied. Material tests of PET were performed with the constant strain rates varying from 0.01 to 1 (1/s), at temperatures ranging from 90 to 150 °C, based on the obtained data a two-stage model was proposed. The proposed model could precisely take into account the effects of strain hardening, strain rate sensitivity, variation of the hardening index, and temperature dependency. This model has been implemented into the nonlinear finite element code PBLOW3D, which is developed in the Riken, and its performance in the stretch blow molding simulation has been studied. It has been demonstrated that the proposed material model provides significant improvements, compared with two existing material models, in the simulation of the blow molding process of PET bottles.
The Effects of Compression Pressure on Injection Compression Molding
Authors: Chen C.-M. , Young W.-B. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Injection compression molding incorporates a mold compression action in the postfilling stage to compact the materials. The process is the same as the conventional injection molding in the filling and first stage packing. Packing stage continues until the gate material is frozen or the gate is shut off. Then, a mold compression action is engaged and continues to the end of the molding. With the mold compression, the pressure distribution inside the mold cavity can be uniform and the residual stresses caused by pressure gradients can be minimized. However, due to the non-isothermal cooling process, the compressibility of each place inside the mold cavity was not the same. At some time of the cooling process, the pressure at different points began to deviate from each other. In order to improve the non-uniform compression at later the stage of a ICM process, a two-stage compression method can be used. A disk mold was designed to study the effects of the two-stage compression on the molding product. It was found that less warpage can be obtained with a lower compression force at the second stage. The experimental results also suggested that there existed an optimal compression time that was corresponding to the time before the material solidification.
Numerical Simulation of Compression Molding of UHMWPE
Authors: Parasnis N. C. , Ramani K. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this paper we describe a model to predict crystallinity from thermal history while compression molding UHMWPE. A thermal model is used for temperature predictions within a compression molded disc. The temperature predictions are used in a residual stress model (see Part II of this paper). Three different process cycles were studied, one with fast cooling, one with slow cooling and one with soak at crystallization.
Morphological Characterisation of Long Glass Fibre Composites for the Thermoforming Process
Authors: Bush S. F. , Torres F. G. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper lays out the main procedures for performing morphological characterisations of Long Glass Fibre (LGF) composites with particular reference to the sheet extrusion and thermoforming processes as they may be configured for production. The techniques used, including optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and image analysis, are described both with regard to their laboratory application to these materials and to their potential for monitoring the performance of the industrial manufacturing process. Results obtained from the different techniques at the three various stages of the manufacturing route are presented and discussed in terms of the structure property relationships obtained and the reinforcing fibre mat system typical of these types of material.
Preparation and application of carbon black-filled rubber composite modified with a multi-functional silane coupling agent
Authors: Wang Xuefei , Wu Lingling , Xiao Tongliang , Yu Haiwen , Li Huaming , Yang Jun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Carbon black (CB)-filled rubber composites are widely used for tire tread and other rubber products due to their good abrasion resistance and reinforcement. Numerous studies have been focused on the filler-rubber interaction with the aim of obtaining optimum performances. In order to investigate the effect of modification on properties of diene rubber composites, a modified CB-filled isoprene rubber (IR) composite was prepared with a multi-functional silane coupling agent, 2-aminoethyl-2-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)aminoethyl disulfide (ATD). This modification significantly enhanced the CB-IR interaction and improved CB dispersion. For the modified CB/IR vulcanizates, the tensile strength, stress at 300% elongation, temperature rise, and dynamic loss coefficient were significantly improved at low ATD dosage (1.5 phr). Such modification provides an effective route to prepare CB-reinforced diene rubber composites with low hysteresis and improved mechanical properties.
Synthesis and characterization of wood flour modified by graphene oxide for reinforcement applications
Authors: Boudjellal Ammar , Trache Djalal , Khimeche Kamel , Hafsaoui Said Lotfi , Bekhouche Slimane , Guettiche Djamil 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The performance of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) reinforced with natural fibers can be tailored through a suitable choice of the fibers nature or the type of surface treatment applied to them. The present work deals with the improvement of the interfacial properties of natural fibers, namely wood flour (WF) by the introduction of graphene oxide (GO), which may easily disperse on the WF surface to provide hybrid fibers (WF-GO). The latter were then used as reinforcement of a TPU matrix at different ratios of 1, 3 and 5 wt%. The different samples were characterized by FTIR and RAMAN spectroscopies, XRD, SEM and TGA to confirm the structure, morphology and the thermal stability of the prepared hybrid fibers as well as their composites (TPU/WF-GO). SEM micrographs revealed that the surface treatment applied to WF, the distribution of GO sheets on the fiber interface, and the dispersion of (WF-GO) on the polymer matrix were successfully carried out. The thermal stability of the TPU-base composites increased with the increase of WF-GO content from 325 °C for the pure TPU matrix to 343 °C for the composite reinforced by 5% of (WF-GO). In addition, the results confirmed that the incorporation of GO into WF led to a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of the TPU-based composites, with an improvement in strength from 10.9 MPa to 19 MPa.
Long-term follow-up of transient neonatal diabetes mellitus due to a novel homozygous c.7734C>T (p.R228C) mutation in ZFP57 gene: relapse at prepubertal age
Authors: Kontbay Tuğba , Atar Müge , Demirbilek Hüseyin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a rare form of monogenic diabetes present within the first six months of life. NDM can be transient (TNdM) or permanent (PNDM). About 70% of TNDM cases have abnormalities in the imprinted region of chromosome 6q24. In TNDM, diabetes remits at infancy whilst may relapse later in life. Chromosome 6q24 related TNDM usually relapses at the pubertal period, while in some cases, relapse occurs earlier. It has been reported that these cases can respond to sulfonylurea treatment, while more evidence and experience are needed.

Case presentation
Herein, we reported relapse of diabetes at prepubertal age and its response to sulphonylurea therapy in a case with TNDM due to a homozygous c.7734C>T (p.R228C) variant in the ZFP57 gene.

Conclusions
A response to the sulphonylurea monotherapy seems not optimal for relapsed TNDM due to chromosome 6q24 abnormalities.
Outcomes of pregnancies at high-risk for placenta accreta spectrum following negative diagnostic imaging
Authors: Reeder Callie F. , Sylvester-Armstrong Kendra R. , Silva Lauren M. , Wert Erika M. , Smulian John C. , Genc Mehmet R. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the pretest and negative post-test probability for placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) in a group of patients with high-risk clinical factors.

Methods
We included patients with suspected and/or confirmed PAS at our institution over 8 years. Sonography performed by maternal-fetal medicine specialists, and selected patients underwent MRI. Imaging was considered positive if either sonography or MRI suggested PAS. Histopathology was the gold standard for diagnosis of PAS. We assessed the pretest and negative imaging-test probability, and resources required.

Results
We identified 82 high-risk patients with the following: (1) a history of ≥1 cesarean section and/or intrauterine gynecologic procedure and placenta previa in the index pregnancy; (2) a history of >3 cesarean deliveries and/or gynecologic procedures regardless of placental location; (3) prior PAS disorder, or retained placenta requiring manual extraction and/or curettage, complicated by postpartum hemorrhage; and (4) suspected cesarean section scar pregnancy. Histopathology confirmed PAS in 52 patients, with pretest probability of 63%. Imaging correctly identified 44/50 cases with PAS, and excluded this condition in 24/30 cases. Thus, the positive and negative post-test probability for PAS following negative imaging was 88 and 20%, respectively. Of the six patients with false-negative imaging, all had either surgical complications or required care beyond that for routine cesarean section.

Conclusions
Although diagnostic imaging is sensitive, the negative posttest probability remains high in women with high pretest probability for PAS. Therefore, women at high risk for PAS should be managed in experienced centers by a multidisciplinary team even if imaging is negative.
Risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage in patients with retained placenta: building a predict model
Authors: Wei Xiaoning , Wei Jiangping , Wang Shaowei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Among patients with placenta retention, the risk factors of massive blood loss remain unclear. In this study, a secondary data analysis was conducted to construct a predictive risk model for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in this particular population.

Methods
A prediction model based on the data of 13 hospitals in the UK, Uganda, and Pakistan, from December 2004, to May 2008 was built. A total of 516 patients and 14 potential risk factors were analyzed. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression (LASSO) model was used to optimize feature selection for the PPH risk model. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to build a prediction model incorporating the LASSO model. Discrimination and calibration were assessed using C-index and calibration plot.

Results
Among patients with placenta retention, the incidence of PPH was 62.98% (325/526). Risk factors in the model were country, number of past deliveries, previous manual removal of placenta, place of placenta delivery, and how the placenta was delivered. In these factors, patients in the low-income country (i.e., Uganda) (OR: 1.753, 95% CI=1.055–2.915), retained placentas delivered in the theater (OR: 2.028, 95% CI=1.016–4.050), and having placentas partially removed by controlled cord traction (cct), completely removed manually (OR: 4.722, 95% CI=1.280–17.417) were independent risk factors. The C-statistics was 0.702.

Conclusions
By secondary data analysis, our study constructed a prediction model for PPH in patients with placenta retention, and identified the independent risk factors.
Preliminary study on TRU transmutation in VVER-1000 fuel assembly using MCNP6
Authors: Zuhair  , Dwijayanto R. Andika Putra , Sriyono  , Suwoto  , Su’ud Zaki 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Transmutation technology has been developed to address the issue of long-term safety of nuclear waste disposal in geological repository. Transuranic (TRU) transmutation in thermal neutron spectrum can be considered more beneficial at the present time due to the larger fission cross section of TRU elements than in fast neutron spectrum. This paper discusses preliminary study on TRU transmutation in Vodo-Vodyanoi Energetichesky Reactor (VVER)-1000 fuel assembly using MCNP6 code. The fuel assembly is configured by 312 fuel cells consist of 300 UO2 fuel rods with 3.7 wt% 235U and 12 UGD fuel rods containing a mixture of UO2 with 3.6 wt% 235U and 4.0 wt% Gd2O3. The calculation results show that the k
inf value is higher with the increase in the TRU thickness at the beginning of cycle and at the end of cycle, which means that the addition of TRU will increase the fuel cycle length. The total temperature coefficient of reactivity is negative for all fuel assemblies both without TRU and with TRU. In general, the computed β
eff values of the assembly with and without TRU addition are not significantly different. It shows that the coating of the TRU layer in the UGD fuel cell will not complicate the reactor control. The transmutation of TRU recycled from spent nuclear fuel in the VVER-1000 fuel assembly can be considered feasible from the viewpoint of excess reactivity and control safety characteristics. The total transmutation rate of ∼55.73% can be achieved with 239Pu and 241Am isotopes are taking the largest portion of transmuted nuclides.