bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Feasibility of Structural and Functional MRI in Free‐Breathing Neonates and Infants
Authors: Zanette Brandon , Schrauben Eric M. , Munidasa Samal , Goolaub Datta S. , Singh Anuradha , Coblentz Ailish , Stirrat Elaine , Couch Marcus J. , Grimm Robert , Voskrebenzev Andreas , Vogel‐Claussen Jens , Seethamraju Ravi T. , Macgowan Christopher K. , Greer Mary‐Louise C. , Tam Emily W. Y. , Santyr Giles 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundEvaluation of structural lung abnormalities with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has previously been shown to be predictive of clinical neonatal outcomes in preterm birth. MRI during free‐breathing with phase‐resolved functional lung (PREFUL) may allow for complimentary functional information without exogenous contrast.PurposeTo investigate the feasibility of structural and functional pulmonary MRI in a cohort of neonates and infants with no cardiorespiratory disease. Macrovascular pulmonary blood flows were also evaluated.Study TypeProspective.PopulationTen term infants with no clinically defined cardiorespiratory disease were imaged. Infants recruited from the general population and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were studied.Field Strength/SequenceT1‐weighted VIBE, T2‐weighted BLADE uncorrected for motion. Ultrashort echo time (UTE) and 3D‐flow data were acquired during free‐breathing with self‐navigation and retrospective reconstruction. Single slice 2D‐gradient echo (GRE) images were acquired during free‐breathing for PREFUL analysis. Imaging was performed at 3 T.AssessmentT1, T2, and UTE images were scored according to the modified Ochiai scheme by three pediatric body radiologists. Ventilation/perfusion‐weighted maps were extracted from free‐breathing GRE images using PREFUL analysis. Ventilation and perfusion defect percent (VDP, QDP) were calculated from the segmented ventilation and perfusion‐weighted maps. Time‐averaged cardiac blood velocities from three‐dimensional‐flow were evaluated in major pulmonary arteries and veins.Statistical TestIntraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).ResultsThe ICC of replicate structural scores was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.45–0.95) across three observers. Elevated Ochiai scores, VDP, and QDP were observed in two NICU participants. Excluding these participants, mean ± standard deviation structural scores were 1.2 ± 0.8, while VDP and QDP were 1.0% ± 1.1% and 0.4% ± 0.5%, respectively. Main pulmonary arterial blood flows normalized to body surface area were 3.15 ± 0.78 L/min/m2.Data ConclusionStructural and functional pulmonary imaging is feasible using standard clinical MRI hardware (commercial whole‐body 3 T scanner, table spine array, and flexible thoracic array) in free‐breathing infants.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 1
Impact of three major risk factors on clinical outcomes in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation receiving rivaroxaban: Sub‐analysis from the XAPASS study
Authors: Ikeda Takanori , Ogawa Satoshi , Kitazono Takanari , Nakagawara Jyoji , Minematsu Kazuo , Miyamoto Susumu , Murakawa Yuji , Tachiiri Michiya , Okayama Yutaka , Sunaya Toshiyuki , Hirano Kazufumi , Hayasaki Takanori 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the impact of three risk factors (age [≥75 years], renal impairment [creatinine clearance <50 ml/min], and low body weight [≤50 kg]) on the risk of any bleeding events, all‐cause mortality, and stroke, non‐central nervous system (non‐CNS) systemic embolism (SE), and myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) treated with rivaroxaban in a real‐world clinical setting.MethodsThe Xarelto Post‐Authorization Safety and Effectiveness Study in Japanese Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (XAPASS) is a prospective, single‐arm, observational study. Enrolled patients were divided into four subgroups by the number of risk factors.ResultsOverall, 9823 patients were included: 4299 with low risk, 2816 with moderate risk, 1574 with high risk, and 1134 with very high risk. The hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) (reference: low risk) for the moderate‐, high‐, and very‐high‐risk groups were 1.62 (1.19, 2.21) (p = 0.002), 2.15 (1.47, 3.15) (p < 0.001), and 2.49 (1.60, 3.87) (p <0.001) for major bleeding, and 1.98 (1.47, 2.66), 2.29 (1.59, 3.29), and 2.74 (1.81, 4.16) (p <0.001 for all) for stroke/non‐CNS SE/MI, respectively.ConclusionsAge ≥75 years and renal impairment, but not low body weight, were determinants for major bleeding. The accrual of three risk factors was associated with increased risk for major bleeding and stroke/non‐CNS SE/MI in patients with NVAF receiving rivaroxaban; there was no increase in the cumulative risk for these with an increasing number of risk factors.
Targeting key proteins involved in transcriptional regulation for cancer therapy: Current strategies and future prospective
Authors: Pei Haixiang , Guo Weikai , Peng Yangrui , Xiong Hai , Chen Yihua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe key proteins involved in transcriptional regulation play convergent roles in cellular homeostasis, and their dysfunction mediates aberrant gene expressions that underline the hallmarks of tumorigenesis. As tumor progression is dependent on such abnormal regulation of transcription, it is important to discover novel chemical entities as antitumor drugs that target key tumor‐associated proteins involved in transcriptional regulation. Despite most key proteins (especially transcription factors) involved in transcriptional regulation are historically recognized as undruggable targets, multiple targeting approaches at diverse levels of transcriptional regulation, such as epigenetic intervention, inhibition of DNA‐binding of transcriptional factors, and inhibition of the protein–protein interactions (PPIs), have been established in preclinically or clinically studies. In addition, several new approaches have recently been described, such as targeting proteasomal degradation and eliciting synthetic lethality. This review will emphasize on accentuating these developing therapeutic approaches and provide a thorough conspectus of the drug development to target key proteins involved in transcriptional regulation and their impact on future oncotherapy.
Anterior intercostal artery perforator flap for immediate reconstruction following breast conservation surgery
Authors: Adler Neta , Carmon Einat , Chapchay Katya , Billig Allan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionOncoplastic breast surgery following breast conservation surgery (BCS) utilizes aesthetic breast reduction techniques, and these reconstructions entail either volume displacement or volume replacement depending on the size and location of the excised tumor. The anterior Intercostal flap (AICAP) for immediate reconstruction after BCS is scarcely described in the literature. In this study, we present our experience with the Anterior Intercoastal Artery Perforator flap in 16 patients with small breast sizes.Patients and MethodsSixteen patients underwent lumpectomy followed by immediate reconstruction with Anterior ICAP flap between 2019 and 2021 at Hadassah University Hospital. Median age was 49 (range 28–67). Breast cup size, lumpectomy to breast size ration, defect measurements and location are provided. Flap design and flap in‐setting was planned and executed according to the size and location of the defect determined at the time of surgery. Surgical technique is described. Diagram of proposed reconstruction according to defect location is proposed.ResultsFlap dimensions clinically matched the defect size or were slightly larger due to anticipated shrinkage of tissue post radiation with mean of 5.4 × 3.9 × 3.75 cm (range of 2.5–13 × 2–13.2 × 0.8–4.5 cm). Complications, namely one seroma and one mild infection, were seen in two patients. Median follow up was 3 months after completion of radiation. All reconstructions were satisfactory by both surgeon and patient at last post‐operative follow‐up visit.ConclusionThe anterior ICAP flap is an important addition to the armamentarium of immediate reconstruction options after BCS, particularly in patients smaller size breast sizes.
Dendrobium nobile Lindl polysaccharides improve testicular spermatogenic function in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats
Authors: Lei Xiaocan , Huo Peng , Xie Yuan‐jie , Wang Yaohui , Liu Guanghai , Tu Haoyan , Shi Qingxiang , Mo Zhong‐cheng , Zhang Shun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDendrobium nobile Lindl polysaccharides (DNLP) exhibited various biological functions. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of DNLP on testicular spermatogenic function in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rats in comparison with metformin. The blood glucose level was significantly increased and the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) aggravated markedly in diabetic rats. The weight of testis and epididymis, and the sperm number and motility were decreased in the diabetic rats. The pathologic changes occurred in the spermatogenic tubules along with the decreased number of spermatogenic cells, downregulated proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression and increased cell apoptosis in the testes. Compared with the model group, DNLP and metformin treatment significantly decreased the level of blood glucose, improved the HOMA‐IR, and increased the weight of testis and epididymis, as well as the sperm number and sperm motility. Furthermore, the pathologic changes in the spermatogenic tubules improved significantly with increased number of spermatogenic cells, the upregulation of PCNA and SIRT1 and suppression of cell apoptosis in the testes. Collectively, our study for the first time examined the effects of DNLP on the male reproductive system of STZ‐induced diabetic rats, and indicated that DNLP was protective against diabetes mellitus‐induced testis injury via increasing the proliferation, inhibiting cell apoptosis and upregulating SIRT1 expression in testicular spermatogenic cells.
A physiologically relevant, estradiol‐17β [E2]‐responsive in vitro tissue‐engineered model of the vaginal epithelium for vaginal tissue research
Authors: Shafaat Sarah , Mangir Naside , Chapple Christopher , MacNeil Sheila , Hearnden Vanessa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsThere are many situations where preclinical models of the human vagina would be valuable for in vitro studies into the pathophysiology of vaginally transmitted diseases, microbicide efficacy, irritability testing, and particularly, for assessing materials to be inserted in the vagina for support of the pelvic floor. The aim of this study is to develop a physiologically relevant, low cost, and ethically suitable model of the vagina using sheep vaginal tissue (SVT) to reduce the need for animal testing in gynecological research.MethodsTissue‐engineered (TE) vaginal models were developed by culturing primary vaginal epithelial cells and vaginal fibroblasts, isolated from the native SVTs on decellularized sheep vaginal matrices at an air–liquid interface. Morphological analyses of the models were conducted by performing hematoxylin and eosin staining and further characterization was done by immunohistofluorescence (IHF) of structural proteins and cytokeratins.ResultsHistological analysis of the models revealed a gradual formation of a stratified epithelium on our decellularized matrices and cell metabolic activity remained high for 21 days as measured by the resazurin assay. Our models showed a dose‐dependent response to estradiol‐17β [E2] with an increase in the vaginal epithelium thickness and cellular proliferation under higher E2 concentrations (100–400 pg/ml). The physiological relevance of these results was confirmed by the IHF analysis of Ki67, and cytokeratins 10 and 19 expression.ConclusionIn this study, we have developed an estradiol‐responsive TE vaginal model that closely mimics the structural and physiological properties of the native SVT.
Student nurses’ views on shift patterns: What do they prefer and why? Results from a Tweetchat
Authors: Dall’Ora Chiara , Sainsbury Jessica , Allen Chris 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimThe main aim of the study was to understand student nurses’ views around shift patterns.DesignQualitative study.MethodWe held a Tweetchat in May 2019, where we asked questions around the frequency of 12‐hr shifts working on placement; schedule flexibility while on placement; which shift patterns they preferred and why. Data from the Tweetchat were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis to generate themes from initial codes.ResultsSeventy‐three nursing students participated in the Tweetchat. The majority reported that they work 12‐hr shifts on placements, particularly when based in a hospital. We identified three themes: ‘Achieving a personal equilibrium’; ‘Meeting the needs of the care environment’; ‘Factors affecting negotiation capacity’. Data highlighted a conflict for most students, where they preferred 12‐hr shifts because of more time off for study, paid work and leisure, while acknowledging 12‐hr shifts negatively affected their fatigue, exhaustion and led them to follow a poor diet and neglect exercise and sleep.
Marginalized adult learners faced different challenges during COVID‐19
Authors: Sutton Halley 
Published: March 2022

SAN DIEGO, Cal. — “It's been my privilege to work with adult learners all the time,” Royce Ann Collins, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Adult Learning and Leadership at Kansas State University, said. Collins has worked with partner organizations, including working with the DeBruce Foundation, to conduct research on adult scholars at various programs, including the differences between adult learners and traditional students.
Toughening and rapid self‐healing for carbon fiber/epoxy composites based on electrospinning thermoplastic polyamide nanofiber
Authors: Chen Boxue , Cai Haopeng , Mao Chi , Gan Yu , Wei Yinglong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article fabricated toughening and self‐healing carbon/epoxy composites based on electrospinning thermoplastic polyamide nanofiber (PAnf). When the incorporation of PAnf was merely 1.2 wt%, the interlaminar shear and bending strength of composites increased by 17.6% and 14.7%. The two main toughening mechanisms were the entangled porous nanofiber structure with a large specific surface area and the strong interface resulting from the interaction between PAnf and epoxy. Multiple short beam shear cycles generating interlaminar fracture were conducted to evaluate the healing efficiency. The obtained results for three damage‐healing cycles achieved 110.4%, 88.4%, and 70.1%, respectively. The melting thermoplastic PAnf would thermally expand, flow across microcrack, and fill delamination at healing temperature. This process was the inherent characteristic of thermoplastic PAnf, and thus, the composites can heal the damaged region rapidly and repeatedly. Moreover, PAnf with low incorporation showed no adverse effect on the storage modulus and Tg of composites, which maintained their original properties.
Modeling analysis of elastic properties of graphene‐carbon nanotube (G‐C) reinforced composites
Authors: Zheng Weipeng , Guo Zhangxin , Wang Zhihua , Boay Chai Gin , Wang Xiaojun , Li Yongcun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article describes in detail the research on the elastic properties of carbon nanotube reinforced composite materials and graphene‐carbon nanotube (G‐C) reinforced composite materials. Several different composite material models were established using finite element software ABAQUS to study the influence of the inclination angle, quantity and volume fraction of carbon nanotubes and graphene on the elastic modulus of reinforced composites. The results show that as the volume fraction of graphene and carbon nanotubes increases, the Young's modulus and shear modulus of the reinforced composite material increase significantly. In addition, the tilt angle and quantity of graphene and carbon nanotubes will also affect the elastic properties of the composite material. The Young's modulus E and the shear modulus G decrease with the increase of the inclination angle, and increase with the increase of the number of graphene and carbon nanotubes.
Supporting school‐community collaboration for the implementation of a multi‐tiered school mental health program: The Behavioral Health Team model
Authors: Raviv Tali , Smith Mashana , Hurwitz Laura , Gill Tara L. , Baker Sybil , Torres Stephanie A. , Bowen Iman E. , Cicchetti Colleen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInvesting in school mental health programs has the potential to improve youths' access to mental health services. Barriers to the implementation of school mental health programs include limited workforce capacity, competing priorities, and lack of coordinated care. The current paper describes the history, development, and key components of the Behavioral Health Team (BHT) model that was established to promote implementation of school mental health programming. The BHT is a multi‐disciplinary team designed to maximize resources and collaboration, provide early identification of students with behavioral health needs, and match and connect students to the indicated interventions using data‐informed decision making. BHTs are tasked with selecting appropriate interventions, assuring fidelity of implementation, monitoring student progress and making adjustments based on data to enhance the sustainability and dissemination of evidence‐based prevention and intervention in schools. The paper reviews two case examples to illustrate how this model has been applied both within a large urban school district and a medium‐sized suburban school district. Results demonstrate that district support facilitates sustainability and expansion of the BHT model over time. Schools implementing this model demonstrate improvement in implementation of the BHT key components.
Ginkgo biloba extract ameliorates atherosclerosis via rebalancing gut flora and microbial metabolism
Authors: Wang Yun , Xu Yuanyuan , Xu Xiaowei , Wang Hong , Wang Dong , Yan Wenchao , Zhu Jiaying , Hao Haiping , Wang Guangji , Cao Lijuan , Zhang Jun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Ginkgo biloba leave extract (GbE) is widely applied in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in clinical practice. However, its mechanism of actions has not been totally elucidated. In this study, we confirmed the beneficial effects of GbE in alleviating hypercholesterolemia, inflammation and atherosclerosis in Ldlr−/− mice, which were fed 12 weeks of Western diet (WD). Moreover, 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that GbE treatment reshaped the WD‐perturbed intestinal microbiota, particularly decreased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and elevated the abundance of Akkermansia, Alloprevotella, Alistipes, and Parabacteroides. Furthermore, GbE treatment downregulated the intestinal transcriptional levels of proinflammatory cytokines and enhanced the expression of tight junction proteins, exerting the roles of attenuating the intestinal inflammation as well as repairing the gut barrier. Meanwhile, the targeted metabolomic analysis displayed that GbE treatment significantly reversed the dysfunction of the microbial metabolic phenotypes, including promoting the production of short chain fatty acids, indole‐3‐acetate and secondary bile acids, which were correlated with the atherosclerotic plaque areas. Finally, we confirmed GbE‐altered gut microbiota was sufficient to alleviate atherosclerosis by fecal microbiota transplantation. In summary, our findings provide important insights into the pharmacological mechanism underlying the antiatherogenic efficacy of GbE.
The influence of women on SME innovation in emerging markets
Authors: Madison Kristen , Moore Curt B. , Daspit Joshua J. , Nabisaalu Joyce Komakech 
Published: March 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryOur study provides novel insights into how women influence SME innovation in emerging markets, despite the resource‐constrained and gender‐restrictive contexts in which they are embedded. Building from transactive memory (TM) theory and using data from 741 SMEs in 33 emerging markets, we develop and test a contextualized framework of SME innovation that considers gendered effects in ownership, workforce composition, and communication. Findings indicate that in emerging markets, female‐led SMEs employ more women than male‐led SMEs, and more women in SMEs (even at modest levels) enhance and enable the TM system to deliver more innovation outcomes. Findings also suggest that emerging‐market SMEs can be innovative through differing configurations of women in ownership and workforce composition, underscoring the importance of gendered and contextual considerations in innovation research.Managerial SummaryInnovation is vital to the social progress and economic development of emerging markets. Even though institutionalized gender bias in emerging markets tends to constrain (rather than empower) women's entrepreneurial activities, our study reveals how women can be an important source of innovation. We find that women in emerging markets are stronger together: women in ownership advocate for and support other women by employing them in their SMEs, and in turn, as women's representation increases in SMEs, women are empowered to collectively share and leverage their endowed resources for innovation. Thus, our study challenges the general perception that men are more innovative than women by revealing that the presence of women in emerging‐market SMEs yields greater innovation outcomes.
Peptide‐Engineered AIE Nanofibers with Excellent and Precisely Adjustable Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Guo Kunzhong , Zhang Minjie , Cai Junyi , Ma Zunwei , Fang Zhou , Zhou Haiyan , Chen Junjian , Gao Meng , Wang Lin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPhotosensitizers with aggregation‐induced emission properties (AIEgens) can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) under irradiation, showing great potential in the antibacterial field. However, due to the limited molecular skeletons, the development of AIEgens with precisely adjustable antibacterial activity is still a daunting challenge. Herein, a series of AIE nanofibers (AIE‐NFs) based on the AIEgen of DTPM as the inner core and rationally designed peptides as bacterial recognition ligands (e.g., antimicrobial peptide (AMP) HHC36, ditryptophan, polyarginine, and polylysine) is developed. These AIE‐NFs show precisely adjustable antibacterial behaviors simply by changing the decorated peptides, which can regulate the aggregation and inhibition of different bacteria. By mechanistic analysis, it is demonstrated that this effect can be attributed to the synergistic antibacterial activities of the ROS and the peptides. It is noteworthy that the optimized AIE‐NFs, NFs‐K18, can efficiently aggregate bacteria to cluster and kill four types of clinical bacteria under irradiation in vitro, inhibit the infection of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and promote wound healing in vivo. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of AIE‐NFs with precisely adjustable antibacterial activity, providing new opportunities for photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatment of infection.