bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential contributions of inferior frontal gyrus subregions to sentence processing guided by intonation
Authors: van der Burght Constantijn L. , Numssen Ole , Schlaak Benito , Goucha Tomás , Hartwigsen Gesa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAuditory sentence comprehension involves processing content (semantics), grammar (syntax), and intonation (prosody). The left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) is involved in sentence comprehension guided by these different cues, with neuroimaging studies preferentially locating syntactic and semantic processing in separate IFG subregions. However, this regional specialisation has not been confirmed with a neurostimulation method. Consequently, the causal role of such a specialisation remains unclear. This study probed the role of the posterior IFG (pIFG) for syntactic processing and the anterior IFG (aIFG) for semantic processing with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in a task that required the interpretation of the sentence's prosodic realisation. Healthy participants performed a sentence completion task with syntactic and semantic decisions, while receiving 10 Hz rTMS over either left aIFG, pIFG, or vertex (control). Initial behavioural analyses showed an inhibitory effect on accuracy without task‐specificity. However, electric field simulations revealed differential effects for both subregions. In the aIFG, stronger stimulation led to slower semantic processing, with no effect of pIFG stimulation. In contrast, we found a facilitatory effect on syntactic processing in both aIFG and pIFG, where higher stimulation strength was related to faster responses. Our results provide first evidence for the functional relevance of left aIFG in semantic processing guided by intonation. The stimulation effect on syntactic responses emphasises the importance of the IFG for syntax processing, without supporting the hypothesis of a pIFG‐specific involvement. Together, the results support the notion of functionally specialised IFG subregions for diverse but fundamental cues for language processing.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to COVID‐19 infection, related behavior, antibiotics usage, and resistance among Syrian population: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Swed Sarya , Shoib Sheikh , Almoshantaf Mohammad B. , Hasan Walaa , Dean Yomna E. , Tanas Yousef , Bohsas Haidara , Alibrahim Hidar , Hasan Mohammad M. , Ezzdean Weaam , Ghaith Hazem S. , Khairy Lina T. , Bakkour Agyad , Hadi Hussein Muwaili Ali , Abdelmajid Fatima A. A. , Albuni Mhd K. , Battikh Elias , Hadi Hussein Muwaili Dhuha , Qattea Rima , Motawea Karam R. , Sawaf Bisher , Kamal Hamdy Elkalagi Nashaat , Ahmed Safaa M. A. , Aiash Hani ,   & Data Collection Group
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsAntibiotic resistance is seen as a worldwide health risk as a result of the overuse of antibiotics. Many countries noted that antibiotic usage was high during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The purpose of this study is to evaluate Syrians' knowledge, attitudes, and practice about the use of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance during the COVID‐19 epidemic.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire to collect the data from the Syrian population from February 5 to March 4, 2022. Syrians 18 years or older all over the world were able to participate in this study. A convenience snowball sampling method was used. SPSS version 20.0 was used to analyze the data. To examine the results, binominal logistic regression was used. Statistical significance was defined as a p < 0.05.ResultsOut of 2406 respondents, 60.2% knew that transmission of COVID‐19 could occur even if the patient has not developed any symptoms, and 91.6% were able to recognize the main clinical symptoms of COVID‐19. There was a statistically significant difference between male and female knowledge of COVID‐19 (p = 0.002), with males having 3.78 ± 2.1 (2.7–3.87) and females scoring 3.93 ± 2.3 (3.7–4.1). Newly graduated students have more knowledge of COVID‐19 than other subtypes of Job (p = 0.0001), and those with medical practice are more knowledgeable than those without (p = 0.0001). Only 16.6% answered that taking antibiotics would not speed up the recovery from all the infections. 65.3% answered correctly that misuse of antibiotics could cause antibiotic resistance.ConclusionOur study concluded that the Syrian population demonstrated good knowledge of COVID‐19 and moderate acceptance of the new norm. Knowledge regarding antibiotic use and resistance and practice of preventive measures was poor, which can encourage the health authorities to develop community education programs to increase public awareness of the usage of antibiotics and safety protocols during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Rapid implementation of telepharmacy service to improve patient‐centric care and multidisciplinary collaboration across hospitals in a COVID era: A cross‐sectional qualitative study
Authors: Khoshnam‐Rad Niloofar , Gholamzadeh Marsa , Gharabaghi Mehrnaz Asadi , Amini Shahideh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and AimThe COVID‐19 pandemic forced healthcare systems to apply new technology‐based solutions. The main objective of our study was to describe the conceptual model for rapid implementation of telepharmacy service and the main steps that should be considered.MethodIn response to a limited number of on‐site clinical pharmacy specialists and a lack of technology infrastructure, a cross‐sectional telepharmacy program was established to support major teaching hospitals. A store and forward model of teleconsultation was employed using WhatsApp messenger to cover various aspects of multidisciplinary collaboration in COVID‐19 management. All identifiable personal information was removed from all exchanged messages of collaborative consultations. The thematic analysis of consultations was performed to extract the main themes and subthemes that should be considered for designing future telepharmacy systems.ResultsThrough telepharmacy service, 600 intensive care unit teleconsultations for COVID‐19 cases were conducted in the residence center and nonresidence centers. In total, 1200 messages were exchanged between specialists in 3 months. The average time taken to respond to a message was 1.30 h. Thematic analysis revealed four main concepts and 15 subconcepts that should be considered in telepharmacy consultations for COVID‐19 management. Based on the extracted themes, a conceptual model for developing a telepharmacy program was devised.ConclusionThe results showed that by utilizing telehealth, clinical pharmacists could cover critically ill patients who need pharmacotherapy counseling through interdisciplinary collaboration. Moreover, the main features of our service that are represented through this survey can be employed by other researchers for developing telepharmacy services.
Virtual reality applications for rehabilitation of COVID‐19 patients: A systematic review
Authors: Ahmadi Marzaleh Milad , Peyravi Mahmoudreza , Azhdari Negar , Bahaadinbeigy Kambiz , Sharifian Roxana , Samad‐Soltani Taha , Sarpourian Fatemeh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThe COVID‐19 pandemic has changed people's lifestyles as well as the way healthcare services are delivered. Undoubtedly, the difficulties associated with COVID‐19 infection and rehabilitation and those associated with quarantine and viral preventive efforts may exacerbate the need for virtual reality to be used as a part of a complete rehabilitation strategy for these individuals. Thus, the present research aimed to evaluate the potential uses of virtual reality for the rehabilitation of individuals suffering from COVID‐19.MethodsFrom 2019 to March 1, 2022, a systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Cochran Library, Scopus, Science Direct, ProQuest, and Web of Science databases. The papers were selected based on search terms and those that discussed the use of virtual reality in the rehabilitation of COVID‐19 patients were reviewed. Each step of the study was reviewed by two authors.ResultsA total of 699 papers were found during the first search. Three papers were chosen for further investigation after a thorough evaluation of the publications' titles, abstracts, and full texts. Cross‐sectional studies, randomized controlled clinical trials, and case reports comprised 33%, 33%, and 33% of the publications, respectively. Based on the results, people suffering from COVID‐19 were the focus of two papers (66%) that employed immersion virtual reality for cognitive rehabilitation, whereas one study (33%) used non‐immersive virtual reality for physical rehabilitation. In two papers (66%), virtual reality was also offered to patients in the form of a game.ConclusionAccording to the results of the present research, virtual reality games may enhance functional and cognitive consequences, contentment levels among patients, and their ability to take charge of their own health care. In light of the obstacles faced by COVID‐19 patients, alterations in the delivery of healthcare, and the significance of rehabilitation in this group during quarantine, new techniques have been considered for these patients to maintain treatment, return to regular life, and enhance their standard of life.
A numerical study on heat transfer and MHD flow of a Newtonian through a porous channel—Local thermal nonequilibrium model
Authors: Siddabasappa C. , Kalpana G. , Babitha  
Published: October 2022

Abstract Vast numbers of studies concentrate on the thermal equilibrium state whereas in many real‐world applications the model exists in the nonequilibrium state. Also, local thermal non‐equilibrium precisely represents the thermohydroflow characteristics. Therefore, the current study examines the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of the magnetohydrodynamic flow of a Newtonian fluid through a local thermal non‐equilibrium (LTNE) porous channel in the presence of the induced magnetic field. The mathematical model of the prescribed flow encloses the coupled nonlinear equations which are difficult to approach analytically. Hence, they are solved numerically using the shooting method with the Newton–Raphson method. The implications of various physical parameters of the problem on fluid flow, induced magnetic field, current density, temperature profiles, and heat transfer are elucidated with the aid of plots and tables. From the examination, it is clear that the porous medium significantly influences the characteristics of the fluid flow. That is, the least value of the Darcy number is related to a higher momentum field. Another interesting phenomenon is that the induced magnetic field remarkably enhances when the Darcy number is high, whereas the process is contrary to the current density. The effect of LTNE on the flow characteristics and heat transfer ceases for higher values of inter‐phase heat transfer coefficient and the ratio of thermal conductivities, which gives rise to the local thermal equilibrium (LTE) situation. Furthermore, the amount of heat transport is maximum in the LTE case compared to that of the LTNE case.
Revisiting Michael Bonell's work on humid tropical rainforest catchments: Isotope tracers reveal seasonal shifts in catchment hydrology
Authors: Lim Han She , Munksgaard Niels C. , Bird Michael I. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIt has been almost 50 years since the foundational work at the Babinda catchments in North Queensland kickstarted the field of tropical hydrology globally. To expand upon this work and build a more generalized hydrological understanding of steep rainforest catchments, we studied the seasonal evolution of hydrological response from two catchments with broadly similar characteristics to the Babinda catchments. Both hydrometric and water stable isotope data were collected at relatively high frequencies during one wet season (Thompson Creek) and a 3‐year period (Atika Creek). The longer dataset spans a wide range of environmental conditions experienced in the humid tropics, including events that cover the wetting‐up transitional period of the wet season and tropical cyclones (TC). Both catchments displayed a fast streamflow response to rainfall with the shallow upper soil profile responding quickly to rainfall at Atika Creek. New findings from this study include the importance of pre‐event water (>50% using the two component hydrograph separation technique) for overall event flows, especially when the catchment was wet. Rainfall, surface runoff and groundwater isotope and specific electrical conductivity (SEC) compositions varied between rainfall events with the most complex bivariate mixing plots observed for multi‐peak events that occurred at the start of the wet season and after a dry period within the wet season. Two‐tracer, 3 component hydrograph separations did not provide satisfactory results in identifying source water contributions to streamflow. These results highlighted the time‐variant and non‐conservative behaviour of the rainfall, surface runoff and shallow groundwater source waters over the seasonal timescale, with soil water being an important unidentified source contributor. Our findings highlight the need for high frequency multi‐source sampling to accurately interpret catchment behaviour and the importance of soil water contributions to streamflow. We propose a framework to describe the seasonal evolution of streamflow response in steep tropical rainforest catchments experiencing seasonal rainfall activity.
Serum total folate, 5‐methyltetrahydrofolate and vitamin B12 concentrations on incident risk of lung cancer
Authors: Wei Yaping , Xu Benjamin , He Qiangqiang , Chen Ping , Zhang Qi , Zhang Xi , Yuan Hui , Duan Yong , Wang Zhuo , Zhou Ziyi , Liu Lishun , Song Yun , Mao Guangyun , Qin Xianhui , Tang Genfu , Wang Binyan , Zhang Hao , Guo Huiyuan , Shi Hanping 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTobacco smoking is a major known risk factor for lung cancer. While micronutrients, especially those involved in maintaining DNA integrity and regulating gene expression, may be protective, research on this association is limited. This report aimed to investigate associations of total folate, 5‐methyltetrahydrofolate (5‐mTHF) and vitamin B12 with incident risk of lung cancer, and whether the associations vary by smoking status. A nested case‐control study with 490 incident lung cancer cases and 490 controls matched by age (±1 year), sex, residence, and center, drawn from a community‐based prospective study in China, was conducted from 2016 to 2019. 5‐mTHF accounted for the majority of total folate. Only 4.4% had detectable unmetabolized folic acid. Lung cancer cases had lower levels of 5‐mTHF compared to controls. There was an inverse, nonlinear association between 5‐mTHF and lung cancer, which persisted after adjustment for covariables (P for trend = .001). Compared to the lowest 5‐mTHF quartile, those in higher quartiles had lower risks of lung cancer: second quartile OR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.45‐0.93; third quartile OR = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.34‐0.74; fourth quartile OR = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.38‐0.83. This inverse association was more pronounced among ever smokers; consistently, the highest risk of lung cancer (OR = 3.21, 95% CI: 1.97‐5.24) was observed among ever smokers with low 5‐mTHF levels compared to participants who never smoked and had higher 5‐mTHF levels. Vitamin B12 was not associated with lung cancer risk. In this sample of Chinese adults without confounding by unmetabolized folic acid, higher levels of 5‐mTHF were associated with lower risk of incident lung cancer.
Assigning projects to pharmacy learners using the standardized project and learner alignment tool (SPLAT)
Authors: Walroth Todd A. , Macik Monica R. , Deodhar Karishma S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundPharmacy preceptors may encounter challenges like timeline restraints, knowledge gaps, or project complexity when assigning projects to the appropriate level of learner (ie, resident vs student). There is a lack of validated assessment tools for preceptors to evaluate which projects are most appropriate for specific levels of learners.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess content validity and ease of use of the Standardized Project and Learner Alignment Tool (SPLAT) as a tool for validating the appropriateness of pharmacy learner level to promote successful project completion.MethodsThe SPLAT was created in 2018 and evaluated retrospectively between April and June 2022. Projects completed by pharmacy learners (residents and students) between July 2020 and June 2022 were included for evaluation with completion of the SPLAT for each project by both the learner and preceptor. The primary end point was the content validity of the rubric assessed by a scale content validity index (S‐CVI). Secondary end points included agreement in scores between preceptors and learners (a surrogate marker of interrater reliability) and ease of use.ResultsA total of 52 matched pair completed forms were returned for analysis. Content validity of the SPLAT was found to have an overall S‐CVI of 0.86, indicating it is valid in determining the appropriate level of pharmacy learner to complete a project. There were no statistically significant differences in the agreement of paired scores between groups (preceptors vs learners) for any level of learner on the rubric. The tool takes about 5 min to complete for both groups. In total, 100% of end users indicated the tool was helpful, 91% of both groups found the tool easy‐to‐use, and 94% would use it again in the future.ConclusionThe SPLAT provides an easy‐to‐use and validated rubric to evaluate the appropriate level of pharmacy learner for various types of projects.
Counselor performance in treating anxiety and depressive symptoms in integrated care: A client outcomes study
Authors: Ulupinar Dogukan , Zalaquett Carlos P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDepression and anxiety are two of the most common mental disorders treated in Integrated Primary and Behavioral Healthcare programs. We investigated the within and between performance differences of mental health counselors on anxiety and depressive symptomatology in an integrated service with a sample of 1573 clients and 10 licensed professional counselors. The results of growth curves within the framework of Multilevel Modeling showed significant within and between performance differences among counselors treating anxiety and depressive symptoms. Some counselors performed better in treating anxiety symptoms while others did better treating depression. Implications for counselor education, client care, and legislation are provided.
Auditor choice and nonaudit fees: Evidence from group‐affiliated Indian firms
Authors: Parkash Mohinder , Singhal Rajeev , Zhu Yun (Ellen) 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe study the interplay between auditor as an instrument of corporate governance and the ownership structure of firms in the Indian context. Our study is motivated by the literature on agency problems occurring from both the conflicts of interests between owners and managers (Type I problem) and those between dominant and passive stockholders (Type II problems). Investors controlling Group‐affiliated firms have incentives and influence to monitor their firms, resulting in amelioration of Type I problems, which is expected to result in lower demand for high‐quality auditors. However, in situations where Type II problems dominate, the Group‐affiliated firms have incentives to, (i) mitigate conflicts with minority shareholders by using high‐quality auditors, and (ii) strengthen the perception that their auditors are independent. We find that Indian group‐affiliated firms tend to choose BigN auditing firms and that upon selection of a BigN auditor, there is no difference in the magnitude of nonaudit services purchased by both the Group‐affiliated and non‐Group‐affiliated firms, but when a non‐BigN auditor is chosen, the Group‐affiliated firms purchase significantly higher nonaudit services as compared to firms not affiliated to groups, suggesting that when Group‐affiliated firms select reputed auditors they also strive to maintain the perception that auditors are independent.
Distress of tertiary education students in Australia during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Tuck David , Wiley Joshua , Patlamazoglou Lefteris , Berger Emily 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis project sought to characterize levels of distress in Australian tertiary education students during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsAdvertisements were placed on multiple participant recruitment and student run websites associated with various tertiary institutions. Level of overall distress was assessed with the K‐10 so that comparisons could be made with previous research. A total of 1072 tertiary education students 18 years or older participated in the study.Results70.9% of tertiary education students studying in Australia displayed elevated levels of psychological distress during the pandemic, with 23.01% of the sample reporting extreme levels of distress.ConclusionsMore tertiary education students experienced severe distress during the COVID‐19 pandemic than adults in the general population, as well as before the pandemic. Implications: Services are needed to help tertiary education students cope with elevated levels of distress associated during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Do after‐school activities help mitigate the negative impact of community violence exposure? A person‐centered approach
Authors: Gomez Christopher , Fite Paula J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe current study used a person‐centered approach to identify classes of after‐school activities that may reduce the harmful effects, including anxiety and depression, of community violence exposure (CVE) in Latino youth. Participants in the current study included 144 students (54.2% male, ages 14–19) who were recruited from a charter high school in a large, Midwestern city. Students provided information on after‐school activities, CVE, and internalizing symptoms. Indices supported a two‐class model. Classes were characterized by students who reported high participation in extracurricular activities at school (Class 1) and students who reported spending more time completing after school (Class 2). No between‐class differences emerged in anxiety or depression symptoms and class membership did not moderate the relationship between CVE and internalizing symptoms. Findings provide a description of Latino youths' after‐school activities and support an individualized, person‐centered approach to understanding the risk and protection of environmental factors.
Raman spectroscopic strategy for the discrimination of recycled polyethylene terephthalate in water bottles
Authors: Peñalver Rosa , Zapata Félix , Arroyo‐Manzanares Natalia , López‐García Ignacio , Viñas Pilar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA reliable and quick strategy for the discrimination between recycled and virgin polyethylene terephthalate water bottles was developed by applying Raman spectroscopy combined with chemometrics. Chemometric models were created by orthogonal partial least square discriminate analysis (OPLS‐DA) using the Raman spectra dataset in the range of 600–1800 cm−1. The Pareto scale model allowed the classification of virgin and recycled terephthalate of polyethylene (PET) samples with a percentage of success of about 95%. In addition, PLS regression was carried out to determine the level of recycled material in the PET water bottles with a good fit (R2 = 0.8920). This analytical approach shows a quick, accurate, and robust way to detect and quantify the adulteration of plastic bottles with recycled plastic materials to avoid fraud in the recycling plastic area.