bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Web-Based Prediction Model for Cancer-Specific Survival of Elderly Patients With Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Zhanghuang Chenghao , Wang Jinkui , Zhang Zhaoxia , Jin Liming , Tan Xiaojun , Mi Tao , Liu Jiayan , Li Mujie , He Dawei 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundClear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is expected in the elderly and poor prognosis. We aim to explore prognostic factors of ccRCC in the elderly and construct a nomogram to predict cancer-specific survival (CSS) in elderly patients with ccRCC.MethodsClinicopathological information for all elderly patients with ccRCC from 2004 to 2018 was downloaded from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. All patients were randomly assigned to a training cohort (70%) or a validation cohort (30%). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to identify the independent risk factors for CSS. A new nomogram was constructed to predict CSS at 1-, 3-, and 5 years in elderly patients with ccRCC based on independent risk factors. Subsequently, we used the consistency index (C-index), calibration curves, and the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) and decision curve analysis (DCA) to test the prediction accuracy of the model.ResultsA total of 33,509 elderly patients with ccRCC were enrolled. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses results showed that age, sex, race, marriage, tumor size, histological grade, tumor, nodes, and metastases (TNM) stage, and surgery were independent risk factors for CSS in elderly patients with ccRCC. We constructed a nomogram to predict CSS in elderly patients with ccRCC. The C-index of the training cohort and validation cohort was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.802–0.818) and 0.818 (95% CI: 0.806–0.830), respectively. The AUC of the training cohort and validation cohort also suggested that the prediction model had good accuracy. The calibration curve showed that the observed value of the prediction model was highly consistent with the predicted value. DCA showed good clinical application value of the nomogram.ConclusionIn this study, we explored prognostic factors in elderly patients with ccRCC. We found that age, sex, marriage, TNM stage, surgery, and tumor size were independent risk factors for CSS. We constructed a new nomogram to predict CSS in elderly patients with ccRCC with good accuracy and reliability, providing clinical guidance for patients and physicians.
Remote primary care during the COVID-19 pandemic for people experiencing homelessness: a qualitative study
Authors: Howells Kelly , Amp Mat , Burrows Martin , Brown Jo , Brennan Rachel , Dickinson Joanne , Jackson Shaun , Yeung Wan-Ley , Ashcroft Darren , Campbell Stephen , Blakeman Thomas , Sanders Caroline 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented disruption and change to the organisation of primary care, including for people experiencing homelessness who may not have access to a phone. Little is known about whether the recent changes required to deliver services to people experiencing homelessness will help to address or compound inequality in accessing care.AimTo explore the experience and impact of organisational and technology changes in response to COVID-19 on access to health care for people experiencing homelessness.Design and settingAn action-led and participatory research methodology was employed in three case study sites made up of primary care services delivering care for people experiencing homelessness.MethodIndividual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 people experiencing homelessness and 22 clinicians and support workers. Interviews were analysed using a framework approach.ResultsThe move to remote telephone consultations highlighted the difficulties experienced by participants in accessing health care. These barriers included problems at the practice level associated with remote triage as participants did not always have access to a phone or the means to pay for a phone call. This fostered increased reliance on support workers and clinicians working in the community to provide or facilitate a primary care appointment.ConclusionThe findings have emphasised the importance of addressing practical and technology barriers as well as supporting communication and choice for mode of consultation. The authors argue that consultations should not be remote ‘by default’ and instead take into consideration both the clinical and social factors underpinning health.
Intensif ou extensif : débats sur les modèles d'élevage en système Charolais. Analyse bibliographique
Authors: Cavailhès Jean , Desbrosses Bernard , Gogué Anne-Marie 
Published: March 2022

Le débat contemporain sur la maîtrise de l'offre agricole communautaire fait prendre en considération les systèmes extensifs de production agricole. La prédominance et la stabilité du type d'élevage pratiqué dans la zone herbagère du Nord du Massif Central méritent d'y porter attention : le système d'élevage charolais dont on reconnaît aujourd'hui la logique extensive se caractérise par la combinaison d'aspects techniques et économiques. Le système technique est basé sur l'animal de race charolaise, symbole de la réussite zootechnique et sur un système fourrager économe en consommations intermédiaires et utilisant au mieux les potentialités naturelles. Il en résulte une gamme importante d'animaux commercialisés permettant l'adaptation de la production aux débouchés.
Mais cette logique de production est confrontée aux différentes tendances d'évolution des systèmes d'élevage. A partir des années 60, les appels à l'intensification ne modifieront pas fondamentalement le mode de conduite des élevages : l'attention sera portée sur la maîtrise des charges, sur les possibilités de diversification tant des productions que des types d'animaux mis en marché. Et aujourd'hui, des modèles d'extensification ne sont guère préconisés faute de références technico-économiques et de conditions économiques favorables. Ils pourraient cependant se développer pour maintenir l'utilisation de l'espace rural.
Le travail agricole par travailleur : définitions et mesures
Authors: Brangeon Jean-Louis , Jégouzo Guenhaël , Roze Bernard 
Published: March 2022

Farm labor per worker : definitions and measurement.
After an attempt to clarify some concepts regarding farm labour and farm workers, the authors present a critical examination of methods used to measure the annual amount of worktime per worker. These methods are classified in two categories : the punctual retrospective estimation and the permanent recording. Then, we are introduced to an experience of simplified registration conducted in 1985-1986 in some dairy and/or pig farms. The authors point oui the insufficiencies of the statistics measured in UTA (as man-year unit) ; these statistics are established, in France and all over EEC, in order to estimate the farm labour input. It appears in particular that, for a given definition of farm professional work and farm worker, the annual number ofhours recorded is for farmers whose major occupation is farming, likely to be much higher than the thresholds of the UTA.
Les productions ligneuses intensives : une solution aux excédents agricoles ?
Authors: Hautcolas Jean-Charles , Sourie Jean-Claude 
Published: March 2022

Cet article présente un modèle régional de programmation linéaire permettant d'analyser les substitutions possibles entre des cultures alimentaires et des productions ligneuses intensives. Ces substitutions sont analysées en tenant compte simultanément des contraintes économiques et financières des producteurs agricoles et des objectifs plus globaux de maîtrise des dépenses de la politique agricole commune.
Ce modèle montre que l'introduction d'une production intensive de bois (le peuplier est pris comme exemple) dans des systèmes de production situés en région agricole moyennement intensive ne permet pas une convergence entre les objectifs économiques des agriculteurs et les objectifs de maîtrise des aides à l'agriculture, compte tenu des prix actuels des cultures alimentaires et du bois (hypothèse 120 F par tonne de matière sèche sur pied).
Un doublement du prix du bois, toutes choses égales par ailleurs, semble nécessaire pour obtenir cette convergence. Toutefois, l'incidence sur la diminution des aides agricoles reste faible, 2 % environ.
Ce résultat suggère d'inscrire la modélisation dans un cadre différent où les prix agricoles seraient remis en cause et où la production de bois irait de pair avec l'agrandissement des exploitations.
Le caractère idéologique du développement des biotechnologies aux Etats-Unis.
Authors: Buttel Frederick H. 
Published: March 2022

The ideological character of biotechnology development in the US.

The support given in the United States to agronomie research in general, and to biotechnologies in particular, stems from the existence of two major pressure groups : those in charge of and active in research on the one hand, and what were initially industrial, and later financial and stock market lobbies on the other.
A convergence of interests at a given moment in history — in the late eighties — explains the enthusiasm for biotechnologies and the emergence of what purports to be a truly scientific idelogy. Present scepticism may however be explained by the divergences that have appeared between the different actors and the rise of an environmentalist ideology.
Instrumentation et pilotage stratégique dans l'entreprise agricole
Authors: Hemidy Laurent , Maxime Françoise , Soler Louis-Georges 
Published: March 2022

About strategic monitoring tools in the farming firm.
In this paper, the authors investigate the long term management of the farming firm and its links with operational management. In the present context of large uncertainty, it becomes more important to analyse how strategies are expanded and reviewed. The function of strategic monitoring is to support the adjustment of strategic choices to the evolution of environment and to the conditions of firms' activities. The authors especially raise the issue of setting up strategic monitoring tools in the small firm.
Using an example, they suggest a conceptual framework to guide the choice and the use of management indicators, and to modelize the links with the farmer's information system. This general framework stems from interventions by researchers and advisers, in several types of farm firms. It makes possible to formalize interactions between strategy and operational management in terms of information and décision. it leads to the design of a spécifie monitoring system, linked with the farmer's rules of reasoning and his project. the system consist of a diagram which spécifies a decisional division into "modules", diagnosis and vigilance fonctions and monitoring key-dates for each module.
The originality of this approach is : i) to develop a formalization of the strategic monitoring process with the farmer himself ; ii) to evaluate the "robustness" of the process in relation to the specific uncertainty of the farmer's project. Moreover, this framework makes a dialogue between adviser and farmer possible. The authors stress the interest of this framework to support the farmer in analyzing and evaluating his own management reasoning.
Lastly, the authors show how this work can open new issues for management advice and for the development of a function of "strategic accompaniment". The design of the farmer's monitoring system becomes the first step of the intervention of the adviser. It is possible to create a common knowledge between the farmer and the adviser about farm management modes ; at the same time, this construction helps to structure the advisory relationship. Rather than limited intervention, this approach leads to a management advice in a permanent way.
Prévenir les défaillances financières en agriculture. Application de la méthode des scores
Authors: Colson François , Blogowski Alain , Dechambre Bernard , Chia Eduardo , Desarmenien Didier , Dorin Bruno 
Published: March 2022

Detection of farm bankruptcies for a better prevention. An application of the score method in the field of agriculture - Since the beginning of the eighties, the number of farm bankruptcies has increased a great deal in Western Europe. This has led researchers, public institutions and bankers to look for indicators able to detect, as soon as possible, financial strains. At first, investigations focused on a single criterion, like economie size, net farm income, disposable income, or net cash flow. However, although one of these criteria may well be relevant, it became evident that one of them was not enough to analyse the economic capacities of a farm or to detect a bankruptcy in the near future. Results can be improved placing several indicators side by side, but this leads to quite complicated systems, despite their pertinence. Thanks to computerization which facilitates the use of complex statistical methods, it has become easier to select and combine a few criteria in a more efficient way. As in the case of industrial and commercial firms, the score method appeared to be very relevant for detect ing farm bankruptcies with a limited number of economie and financial ratios. Moreover, after selecting and combining a few ratios in linear form, a score function gives a single mark which is easy to interpret.
After having presented the methodology, this paper deals with the effectiveness of score functions for detecting farm bankruptcies in five French subregions with various types of agriculture and of course different systems of production. By opposing farms in a healthy financial situation and farms facing very serious problems, each score function turns out to be a good tool for analysing and detecting financial stresses in farming independently of the size or the system of production.
The study also shows that a possible harmonization of the five score achieved functions could be achieved by combining the following three rates : the debt to assets ratio, the short-term liabilities on current assets and the weight of debt service charges. Compared to the «optimal» ones, the «harmonised» functions are almost as efficient but this does not mean that a single score function can be built because coefficients of each ratio vary a lot from sub-region to sub-region. Finally, it appears that the score function is not only a good tool for indicating threats of farm bankruptcies. Indeed, it can also be a good aid to management for the follow up and comparison of results drawn year after year from agricultural enterprises.
The limitation of a uniform emission charge : the case of Dutch pig farms
Authors: Thijssen Geert 
Published: March 2022

A generally accepted theorem in environmental economics is that an emission charge is the least-cost method for society to achieve a prescribed standard. But this assumes that no inefficiencies with respect to the undesired outputs occur at the level of the farm.
However, in the real world farms do not operate efficiently, because of differences in availability of resources (e.g. management). Therefore, the proposition that taxes are the least-cost method to achieve a prescribed standard can be challenged.
To illustrate this result a micro-economic model of Dutch pig farms is developed. For the Dutch pig farms, imposing a tax is not cost-effective, regulation is even more cost-effective with respect to minimizing the costs of reducing the number of pigs.
Turkish agriculture under structural adjustment. A general equilibrium analysis
Authors: Cakmak Erol H. , Yeldan A. Erinc 
Published: March 2022

L'agriculture turque confrontée à l'ajustement structurel. Analyse en termes d'équilibre général.
La Turquie s'est engagée en janvier 1980 dans un ambitieux programme d'ajustement structurel pour rééquilibrer ses comptes macroéconomiques et revitaliser un appareil productif à bout de souffle. Pendant des décennies, l'agriculture turque avait fonctionné sous un étroit contrôle de l'État. A la suite de la politique d'ajustement, le secteur s'est trouvé plongé dans un environnement économique devenu concurrentiel avec l'ouverture du pays aux importations, la détermination des prix par le marché et la baisse des subventions. La mise en œuvre de cette politique a eu des conséquences très dures pour le secteur agricole, où l'Etat a sérieusement réduit son intervention, tant en ce qui concerne le sou¬ tien des prix que leur contrôle.
L'évaluation des effets économiques du programme d'ajustement structurel sur l'agriculture turque est réalisée à l'aide d'un modèle d'équilibre général et d'un modèle micro-économique, multirégional et multimarché du secteur agricole. Ces modèles permettent de calculer le coût de l'ajustement pour le secteur et analysent les conséquences à moyen terme du projet "Anatolie Sud-Est", où l'État a engagé une politique d'investissements massifs.
Les simulations réalisées à l'aide du modèle d'équilibre général montrent l'importance des relations qui conditionnent la demande finale du pays. Ainsi, la demande finale agrégée baisse lorsque le gouvernement réduit son train de vie ou les transferts destinés aux ménages. Une telle situation entraîne des tensions inflationnistes, même si elle se traduit par l'effet inverse sur les marchés des produits et des facteurs. On peut aussi faire varier le taux de change pour rééquilibrer les comptes macroéconomiques. Avec les hypothèses faites, le modèle conclut à la nécessité d'une dévaluation. L'introduction de cette dévaluation dans le modèle sectoriel se traduit par une modification très nette de la répartition des productions en faveur des cultures d'exportation. La production de toutes les cultures diminue, sauf celle des cultures industrielles. De plus, il y a un développement des exportations au détriment de la consommation intérieure.
La modélisation montre que la politique d'ajustement structurel de la Turquie a été réalisée au prix d'une aggravation des disparités de revenu et d'une taxation de l'agriculture. D'autre part, elle met en évidence le conflit existant entre les objectifs de sécurité alimentaire et de promotion des exportations.
L'évaluation du prix des terres en France. Une application aux effets de la réforme de la PAC
Authors: Cavailhès Jean , Degoud Stéphanie 
Published: March 2022

The evaluation of land prices in France. An application to the effects of the reformed CAP.
This paper begins with a review of the (mainly Anglo-Saxon) literature concerning the present state of the models used for determining agricultural land prices. The authors then develop the models that are to be assessed econometrically on French data : a "direct" model P = R/i (P = land price ; R = land rent ; i = interest rate) and an " indirect " model, in which R is replaced by the price indexes of agricultural products and production factors ; each can be used with short-sighted or adaptive anticipations (the hypothesis of prospective anticipations, with option values, is briefly presented). Although results are mediocre with the short-sighted anticipations, they are satisfactory with the adaptive hypothesis. The inertia of the anticipations, is strong and the long-term elasticity of land prices to product or production factor prices is high. Regio-nalised models show that the residuals have an abnormally high negative value in 1993 which may be attributed to the reform of the CAP in 1992 (the cereal -growing area in the South-West, the Paris basin, the Jura region).
Externalités et politique agricole commune : une approche coasienne
Authors: Vermersch Dominique 
Published: March 2022

Externalities and common agricultural policy : a Coasian approach
The interpretation and analysis of externalities presented by Coase (1960) is applied to the problem of agricultural externalities and to the consecutive an-swers provided by the new trends of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). We first discuss the classical distinction between technological externalities and pecuniary externalities. This is related to the second best situation of the European agricultural economy which is precised in the paper. Assuming this kind of situation, the Coasian analysis considers four possible solutions of internalization that we try to illustrate through the agricultural context. In most cases, marketing the property rights (1) seems to be difficult, given high transaction costs and the nature of agricultural externalities. The coordination of the agricultural activities inside the farm or between farms (2) was pre-existent to the large development of agricultural harmful effects. This second solution needs at the present time a substantial variation of relative prices in order to promote for exam¬ ple sustainable agricultural technologies. Direct government regulation (3) through administrative agencies hardly depends on the microeconomic farm efficiency. A further alternative is to do nothing (4) about the externality problem at all, given the costs of the preceding solutions. Until the early eighties public-decision makers were encline to prefer the laissez-faire approach. Finally CAP and the May 92 reform are viewed as an internalization instrument combining successively the preceeding Coasian solutions. The new agricultural support policy rather provides implicit producing rights to the farmers than a payment for amenities. This last purpose is not in contradiction with the Coasian approach. Indeed the public-decision maker arranges producing rights and liability rules linked to the technological and pecuniary externalities given he wants to maintain the comparative advantages of the national and ! or European agricultural economy.
Evaluation contingente et paysages agricoles. Application au bocage de Loire- Atlantique
Authors: Colson François , Stenger-Letheux Anne 
Published: March 2022

Contingent valuation and agricultural landscapes. An application to the Loire-Atlantique hedgerow landscape
The CAP after 1 992 recognized the production of positive externalities by peasants. These externalities are essentially composed of agricultural landscapes which generate use and non use benefits for the consumers. These benefits have to be valuated in order to internalise the landscapes into the market. The contingent method which is suitable for this valuation, has been applied for the preservation of agricultural landscapes in different countries of EEC. Our objective was to answer to the following question : has the consumer the willingness to pay (WTP) to help peasants to produce and to maintain landscapes while he already sustains agriculture by tax ? We assumed that the consumer's behavior would differ between conservation and restoration. We assumed also that the method of payment and the quantity of landscapes would influence the willingness to pay. We applied the contingent valuation to estimate the willingness to pay for preserving the agricultural landscapes of France and the willingness to pay for restoring the hedgerow landscapes in one region (Loire-Atlantique). With a mail survey and using a payment card (PC) and a set of photos, about 3000 households have been asked to valuate their willingness to pay for both scenarii, conservation and restoration. We elaborated two versions of the questionnaire which differ by the variation of payment card for the conservation and by the quantity of hedgerow landscapes to be restored in Loire-Atlantique : PC1 and totality of hedgerow landscapes in the first version and PC2 and half of the same area in the second one. The estimated average WTP for the conservation of agricultural landscapes is 530 francs per year and per household. Household's income, age and educational level are the main explanatory variables of the WTP. The estimated average WTP for the hedgerow landscapes restoration is 67 francs per year and per household. This WTP differs from the last one by its explanatory variables — which are more subjective factors — like the appreciation of households on landscapes or on the efficiency of the agricultural supports. We underlined the influence of the payment card on WTP and we established an inclusion bias (53 francs for whole area and 41 francs for a half). The latter confirmed the fact that the quantity is not a determinant variable in the valuation of environmental goods.