bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N6-methyladenosine-mediated CELF2 regulates CD44 alternative splicing affecting tumorigenesis via ERAD pathway in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Lai Shihui , Wang Yan , Li Ting , Dong Yihong , Lin Yihao , Wang Liang , Weng Shangeng , Zhang Xiang , Lin Chengjie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Alternative splicing (AS) of genes has been found to affect gene stability, and its abnormal regulation can lead to tumorigenesis. CELF2 is a vital splicing factor to participate in mRNA alternative splicing. Its downregulation has been confirmed to promote the occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer (PC). However, the regulatory role and mechanisms in PC has not been elucidated.
Results
CELF2 was downregulated in PC tissues, which affected tumor TNM stage and tumor size, and low expression of CELF2 indicated a poor prognosis of PC. In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that abnormal expression of CELF2 affected the stemness, apoptosis, and proliferation of PC cells. Furthmore, we also found that CELF2 was targeted by ALKBH5 for m6A modification, leading to CELF2 degradation by YTHDF2. Bioinformatic analysis of AS model based on the TCGA database indicated that CELF2 could target CD44 to form different spliceosomes, thereby affecting the biological behavior of PC cells. The conversion of CD44s to CD44V is the key to tumorigenesis. Transcriptomic analysis was conducted to reveal the mechanism of CELF2-mediated CD44 AS in PC. We found that CELF2-mediated splicing of CD44 led to changes in the level of endoplasmic reticulum stress, further regulating the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) signaling pathway, thereby affecting apoptosis and cell stemness. In addition, ERAD signaling pathway inhibitor, EerI, could effectively reverse the effect of CD44 on tumors.
Conclusions
This study indicates that N6-methyladenosine-mediated CELF2 promotes AS of CD44, affecting the ERAD pathway and regulating the biological behavior of PC cells. CELF2 is expected to be a new target for targeted-drug development
Fractal dimensions of hydraulic parameters in sand mined alluvial channel
Authors: Barman Bandita , Barman Jyotirmoy , Kumar Bimlesh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLong-term extraction of sand from a river causes large mining pit on the river bed, and these pits change their fluvial processes. In this paper, an experimental study is executed to interpret the turbulence flow structure in a mining pit. This research mainly focuses on the fractal dimension of velocity fluctuations and Reynolds shear stress (RSS) of flow in the longitudinal and vertical plane for a mining pit region. The results show that the magnitude of fractal dimension for velocity fluctuation and RSS is smaller in the mining pit than the upstream and downstream of the pit. The large values of fractal dimensions at the pit downstream show an increase in flow roughness. It is found that the Taylor microscale decreases towards the channel bed, and this is because of increasing turbulence dissipation near the bed region. We have observed a significantly lower value of Taylor microscale in the mining pit. The higher value of the Taylor microscale is found far downstream of the pit. Nondimensional turbulence mixing length shows a decrease in the traversing length of an eddy at the far downstream of the pit.
Green Synthesis: A Land of Complex Nanostructures
Authors: Santo-Orihuela Pablo Luis , Catalano Paolo Nicolás , Desimone Martín Federico 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
The green synthesis of nanomaterials is nowadays gaining great attention owing to several
beneficial aspects in terms of the low toxicity of reagents and by-products, low damage to the
health and the environment, sustainability of energy savings and rational use of natural resources.
The intrinsic complexity offered by the biological sources (plants, microorganisms, animal products)
and the conditions applied in the synthetic procedures forms various nanomaterials with different
sizes, morphologies and surface properties that strongly determine their functionality and
applications. A deep understanding of the role of biological components, the mechanism of
nanostructure formation and growth, and the effects of green synthesis conditions is of paramount
importance to achieving the desired nanomaterial for the required application. In this context, this
review aims to provide an overview of the structural and functional complexity of nanomaterials
achieved by using green synthesis procedures, with a special focus on the role of biological sources
and parameters in controlling the complexity and benefit of nanomaterial applications.
Selection of Suitable Protein Structure from Protein Data Bank: An Important
Step in Structure-based Drug Design Studies
Authors: Yadav Mange Ram , Murumkar Prashant R. , Sharma Mayank Kumar , Gupta Pradeep , Patel Niyati M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
Selection of a protein structure is an important step for the success of the drug discovery process using structure-based design. Selection of the right crystal structure is a critical step as multiple crystal structures are available for the same protein in the protein data bank (PDB). In this communication, we have discussed a systematic approach for selecting the right type of protein structure. Some case studies for the selection of crystal structures of TACE, 11β-HSD1, DprE1 andSARS-CoV-2 Mpro enzymes have been discussed for the purpose of illustration.
Targeting of ErbB1, ErbB2, and their Dual Targeting Using Small Molecules
and Natural Peptides: Blocking EGFR Cell Signaling Pathways in
Cancer: A Mini-Review
Authors: Chandrasekar M.J.N. , Patnaik Sunil Kumar , Nagarjuna Palathoti , Ramamurthi Deepthi , Swaroop Akey Krishna 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases involving dysregulated cell proliferation and has
been the leading cause of death worldwide. The chemotherapeutic drugs currently used for treating
cancer have serious drawbacks of non-specific toxicity and drug resistance. The four members
of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), namely, ErbB1/HER1, ErbB2/HER2/neu,
ErbB3/HER3 and ErbB4/HER4, the trans-membrane family of tyrosine kinase receptors, are
overexpressed in many types of cancers. These receptors play an important role in cell proliferation,
differentiation, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis and unregulated activation of cancer
cells. Overexpression of ErbB1 and ErbB2 occurs in several types of cancers and is associated
with a poor prognosis leading to resistance to ErbB1 directed therapies. Heterodimerization with
ErbB2/HER2 is a potent activator of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Tyrosine kinase (EGFRTK)
complex than EGFR alone. Though ErbB3/HER3 can bind to a ligand, its kinase domain is
devoid of catalytic activity and hence relies on its partner (ErbB2/HER2) for initiation of signals,
thus, ErbB2 is involved in the activation of ErbB3. However, recent evidence reveals that ErbB1
and ErbB2 are the most important targets for cancer therapy. By inhibiting these two important
kinases, the cancer cell signaling transduction pathways can be inhibited. Lapatinib and monoclonal
antibodies like trastuzumab have been used for the dual inhibition of ErbB1 and ErbB2 in the
treatment of various cancers. Resistance, however, develops soon. The present report reviews the
investigations that have been carried out by earlier workers for targeting ErbB1, ErbB2, and both
using small molecules and novel peptides that could help/facilitate researchers to design and develop
better cancer chemotherapy.
One-Pot Synthesis of Novel Hydrazono-1,3-Thıazolıdın-4-One Derivatives
as Anti-HIV and Anti-Tubercular Agents: Synthesıs, Bıologıcal Evaluatıon,
Molecular Modelling and Admet Studıes
Authors: Mondal Sumanta , Pasha Mohammad Arif , Panigrahi Naresh , Shetye Gauri , Ma Rui , Franzblau Scott G. , Zheng Yong-Tang , Murugesan Sankaranarayanan 
Published: May 2022

Background:
The necessity for newer anti-HIV and anti-tubercular medications has arisen as a
result of the prevalence of opportunistic infections caused by HIV (human immunodeficiency virus).

Objective:
A series of ten new hydrazono 1,3-thiazolidin-4-one derivatives were synthesized in one-pot
and evaluated for anti-HIV and anti-tubercular activities. Molecular Docking was accomplished with
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase protein (PDB ID: 1REV) and Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis)
H37Rv protein (PDB ID: 2YES) receptors along with drug-likeness and ADMET properties.

Methods:
One-pot synthesis of hydrazono 1,3-thiazolidin-4-one derivatives was carried out by ketones,
thiosemicarbazide and ethylchloroacetate with the catalyst of anhydrous sodium acetate. All
the synthesized compounds were characterized and evaluated for their in-vitro anti-HIV and also
evaluated for their in-vitro anti-tubercular activity against M. tuberculosis H37Rv. In-silico predicted
physicochemical parameters were done by MedChem DesignerTM software version 5.5 and ADMET
parameters by pkCSM online tool. Furthermore, molecular docking was performed with pyrx 0.8 by
autodock vina software.

Results:
All the synthesized compounds were characterized and evaluated for their in-vitro anti-
HIV activity for inhibition of syncytia formation, which shows KTE1 with EC50 47.95 μM and Selectivity
Index (SI) of >4.17 and for inhibition of p24 antigen production EC50 was found to be
80.02 μM and SI of >2.49. The compounds were also evaluated for their in-vitro anti-tubercular activity
against M. tuberculosis H37Rv, in which KTE1 MIC values of 12.5μg/ml with SI of >4.0 and
cytotoxicity against Vero cell lines. In-silico predicted physicochemical parameters for synthesized
compounds which were found to be drug-like. Furthermore, docking has shown a good dock score
and binding energy with anti-HIV and anti-tubercular receptors.

Conclusion:
From the novel synthesized molecules, none of the molecule is as effective as standards
for anti-HIV and anti-tubercular drugs and hence can be further explored for its potential activities.
Furthermore, derivatization was made to achieve more potent compounds for anti-HIV and
anti-tubercular drugs.
Assessing the Performance of GOLD, Glide and MM-GBSA on a Dataset
of Hydrazide-hydrazone-based Tuberculostatics
Authors: Mateev Emilio , Georgieva Maya , Zlatkov Alexander 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Tuberculosis is considered a global health problem; hence, the screening and
synthesis of novel tuberculostatic drugs are a necessity. Molecular docking could drastically reduce the
time of hit identification; however, initial validation is required to reduce the false-positive results.

Objective:
Assessment of several searching and scoring algorithms for a custom dataset of hydrazidehydrazone-
based tuberculostatics was conducted to obtain a reliable docking protocol for future virtual
screening.

Methods:
Modification in the scoring functions, size of the grid space, and presence of active waters of a
GOLD 5.3 docking protocol was conducted. Subsequently, side-chain flexibility and ensemble docking
were carried out to assess the role of protein flexibility in the correlation coefficient. In addition, docking
simulations with Glide and free binding energy calculations with MM-GBSA were implemented. The
Pearson correlation coefficient between the experimental and the acquired in silico data was calculated
after each work step. The major interactions between the top-scored ligands and the active site of 2X22
were visualized applying Discovery Studio.

Results:
An optimized GOLD 5.3 docking protocol led to a drastically enhanced Pearson correlation coefficient
of the training set, from 0.461 to 0.823, as well as an excellent pairwise correlation coefficient in
the test set - 0,8405. Interestingly, the Glide docking scores and the free binding energy calculations with
MM-GBSA did not achieve reliable results. During the visualization of the top-ranked compounds, it was
observed that Lys165 played a major role in the formation of stable complexes.

Conclusion:
It could be concluded that the performance of the optimized GOLD 5.3 docking protocol
demonstrated significantly higher reliability against the hydrazide-hydrazone dataset when compared to
Glide docking simulations and MM-GBSA free binding energy calculations. The results could be utilized
for future virtual screenings.
Bacillus Calmette Guerin Injection Improves Hindlimb Motor Function
and Alleviates Inflammation through Upregulating Foxp3 Expression in
Rats with Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Pu Xingwei , Wang Lihang , Luo Chunshan , Sun Guodong , Li Zhizhong 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Immune and inflammatory reactions are important factors leading to secondary
spinal cord injury.

Aim:
This study aimed to investigate the effect of BCG on behavior after acute spinal cord injury in rats
and its related mechanisms.

Methods:
Rats with spinal cord injury were generated according to modified Allen’s method. Rats were
divided into the BCG group (rats with spinal cord injury intraperitoneally injecting with BCG), Model
group (rats with spinal cord injury intraperitoneally injecting with normal saline), and Sham group (normal
rats intraperitoneally injecting with normal saline). Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scoring
system was used for evaluating behavioral outcomes. Foxp3 expression in spinal cord tissues was evaluated
using immunofluorescence analysis. HE staining was used for assessing the injury of spinal cord
tissues.

Results:
BBB scores of the Model group were remarkably lower compared to that of the Sham group
(P<0.05). Foxp3 expression was significantly downregulated in the Model group compared with that of
the Sham group (P<0.05). BBB scores of the BCG group were significantly higher compared to that of
the Model group at 3, 5, 7, and 14 days post-treatment (P<0.05). In the BCG group, there were fewer
inflammatory cells, smaller cavities, and a complete structural arrangement than in the Model group.
BCG treatment significantly reduced the spinal cord injury score compared to that of the Model group
(P<0.05). Post BCG treatment, Foxp3 expression was predominantly enhanced compared with that of the
Model group (P<0.05).

Conclusion:
BCG could affect inflammation after spinal cord injury through upregulating the expression
of Foxp3 and further promote the recovery of hindlimb motor function in rats with spinal cord injury.
In-silico Identification and Analysis of Hub Proteins for Designing Novel
First-line Anti-seizure Medications
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Sheokand Deepak , Saini Vandana , Kumar Ajit 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Epilepsy is a seizure-related disease with different symptoms and types, depending
on the origin and propagation region of the brain. There are several marketed anti-seizure medications
(ASMs) available for choice of treatment by clinicians but there is a huge paucity of ideal first-line
ASMs.

Objective:
The present study was undertaken to identify and get an insight into the major target (hub)
proteins, which can be comprehensively used as a platform for designing first-line ASMs.

Method:
Large-scale text mining was done to generate a data warehouse of available ASMs and their
MOAs, followed by the identification of specific isoforms of target proteins for designing next-generation
ASMs, using network biology and other in-silico approaches.

Results:
The study resulted in the identification of 3 major classes of target proteins of major ASMs and
their specific isoforms, namely – GABA receptors (GABRA1, GABRB1, and GABARAP); VGSC (α-
subunitSCN2A (Nav1.2)) and VGCC (α-subunitCACNA1G (Cav3.1)). The identified proteins were also
observed to be concurrent with the target sites of majorly sold ASMs currently.

Conclusion:
The predicted hub protein families and their specific isoforms can be further validated and
comprehensively used to design next-generation novel first-line ASM(s).
Adjuvant Approach to Mitigate the Adverse Effects of Cancer Treatments
Using Homeopathic Medicines
Authors: Gupta Pankaj , Kumar Arun , Sharma Mahima , Prajapati Suneel 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Worldwide, cancer patients are facing problems with life-and-death decisions due to the associated severe adverse and sometimes fatal effects of existing conventional
treatments. Due to the severe adverse effects of existing therapies, effective cures are progressively
explored for anticancer treatment. Mostly the conventional therapies are based upon nonspecific
cellular destruction properties; therefore, a treatment approach is desired to reduce the toxic burden
upon normal tissues. Among all alternative medicine systems, homeopathy is one of the most popular treatments for cancer patients globally due to its minimal side effects.

Methods:
In this present review, we have attempted to comprehend the literature reports on homeopathic medicine in cancer treatment.

Results:
Homeopathy has also proved its adjuvant approach to minimizing the symptomatic consequences of cancer. However, the insufficiency of evidence and lack of recurrence of the trials cause
difficulty in drawing any conclusion about homeopathy as adjuvant therapy. Based upon the etiology, the genoprotective potential of homeopathic drugs was reviewed and found inconsequential
evaluation and scanty literature

Conclusion:
Hence, the present review gives a comprehensive summary of retrospective studies and
suggests an integration of rational drug selection, standard protocols, and quantitative analysis for
revealing the differential role and plausible application of homeopathy in better cancer management.
Ethno-Medicinal Uses of Dongoria Kandha of Niyamgiri Hill, Odisha,
India
Authors: Das Sangeeta , Patnaik Swarnalata , Veni A. Leela 
Published: May 2022

Background:
In the current study, the Ethnomedicinal data have been collected from tribal people of Niyamgiri hill region of Kalahandi district, Odisha, India. The tribals of this region have been using the medicinal plants to treat various diseases since the time immemorial.

Objective:
The main objective is to find out the mostly used plant parts and their Ethnomedicinal values used to cure different diseases by tribal people of Niyamgiri hill region of Kalahandi district, Odisha, India.

Methods:
It includes to record the information on medicinal uses of plant by leading healers by taking interviews and recording the comprehensive knowledge about the medicinal properties of different plants with the snow ball technique and sampling method. Plants are recognized by the local practitioner also known as Kabiraja or Vaidya in forest floor and were classified botanically.

Results:
The present study records the use of different parts of 50 plant species which belongs to 47 genera of 35 families, against 48 human diseases, with special reference to diarrhoea, dysentery, cold, cough, piles and fever. The practitioners use these plants to treat kinds of ailments like asthma, skin diseases, constipation, diabetes, toothache, wound healing, headache, infertility in women, mouth ulcer, insect bites, ring worms, thirst and eczema. All these medicinal plants are used as healing sources as there is not modern medical facilities available nearby. The collected data are analysed through use value (UV). Bacopa monnieri (UV of 1.50), Bryonia laciniosa (UV of 1.33), Andrographis paniculata (UV of 1.0), Bryophyllum pinnatum (UV of 0.83) and Celastrus paniculalus (UV of 0.83) are the most frequently and popularly used medicinal plant species in the study area.

Conclusion:
50 plant species that were collected from Niyamgiri hill region. It is found that still a large number of tribal people use their traditional knowledge and culture and have adopted herbal therapy for most of the diseases because of the strong belief of the local practitioners.
Stochastic Optimization Approach for Current Channel Arrangement of
LED Lights Fed by AC Direct LED Drivers
Authors: Asadpour-Ahmadchali Mohammad bagher , Enayati Javad , Yousefi Aliakbar 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Because of significant challenges in locating conventional drivers into luminaires,
and also cost issues, a noticeable attitude toward AC direct LED drivers has been shaped. Nevertheless, the
multiplicity of target parameters like output lumen, efficacy in lumen per watt, power consumption, PF, THD,
and so on limits designers to select an optimal design of LED modules applying AC direct LED drivers.

Methods:
The most crucial issue in the design phase is selecting the Optimal Number of LEDs in Current
Channels (ONLCC) fed by the AC direct driver. The main contribution of the paper is utilizing an optimization
method based on a stochastic search to optimize the aforementioned parameters.

Results:
The parameters to be optimized are inserted into the predefined objective functions. Different case
studies conducted in the presented work show that the proposed method finds the optimal parameters while
the objective function is minimized. Such a paradigm can save time spent in the design phase. Furthermore,
a stability study is conducted to explore the stochastic search capability in solving the ONLCC problem.

Conclusion:
The obtained results from the simulation are supported by practical tests. All the validation
tests in practice are conducted in the electro-optics laboratory of the Mazinoor lighting industry.
Implementation of Barrier Sensing and Avoidance System on FPGA for a
Wheeled Robot
Authors: Pine Sandipan , Choudhury Bibhuti Bhusan 
Published: May 2022

Aims:
This paper is to describe the process of spotting a barrier on the path of a wheeled robot and finding an alternate way to keep away from it.

Method:
For path, planning, image-processing technique is used and for this barrier-sensing and avoidance system, ultrasonic sensor is used. FPGA board processes the sensor output and after processing, it gives instruction to the motor arrangement to control the speed and direction of the wheeled robot.

Results:
We took one digital storage oscilloscope to collect all the data from sensor board. Although the color and lumen of the reflection matters a lot in the reading, so a variety of different objects we have selected to reduce the probability of error. A Very High Speed Integrated Circuit (VHSIC) Hardware Description Language (VHDL) block we generate for control algorithm and connect to the enable pin. Fig-8 shows the calculation block and fig-9 shows the ADC. As the FPGA board reads digital signal, hence the received signal we converted to digital with the help of an ADC of type NS ADC128S022. It is a 12-bit converter. Initially a bigger particle we kept in front of the sensor to understand and quantify the highest scope of it. DSO we used to view the response of both pulse and the analog signal. The code, which we have written for the operation of the ultrasonic sensor, has used a high logic of 10 µs width for triggering input. Program is measuring the object distance by calculating the logic high time of the ECHO pin that we have programmed as input. For servo operation, a pulse we used with 1.5ms on time and 20-millisecond time-period. To change the rotating angle different on time we have adopted.

Conclusion:
Wheeled robots have a no of applications. Depending on what sensor people use or what actuators or microprocessors they apply, the response time differs from one model to the other. To use it in real time applications a robot should give very fast response. In realistic approach FPGA development board is widely used in robot models recently because of its very fast response time, flexible system approach, quick generation of signals, parallel processing ability and obviously cost is pretty less when compared to other processor. References, figures, tables, chemical structures etc.