bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Merging multisatellite precipitation products using stacking and EMOS-CSG methods
Authors: Zhang Tuantuan , Liang Zhongmin , Wang Haijun , Wang Jun , Hu Yiming , Li Binquan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Precipitation is a fundamental element of hydrological analyses, water resource management, and drought monitoring. To obtain high-spatiotemporal-resolution precipitation information, in this study, we proposed a merging method to integrate four satellite precipitation products (i.e., the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation 3B42 in Real-Time (TMPA-3B42RT), Climate Precipitation Center Morphing Technique (CMORPH), Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation Near-Real-Time (GSMaP_NRT) and Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN) products) with gauge observations. First, geographically weighted regression (GWR) was adopted to downscale the four original satellite products. Second, six base learners of stacking algorithm were used to correct the deviation in each downscaled satellite product. Third, the six corrected results of each downscaled product were integrated by a secondary learner of stacking algorithm. Fourth, the ensemble model output statistics-censored, shifted gamma (EMOS-CSG) method was adopted to produce the final precipitation product by merging the four satellite product-stacking results. The merging method was applied to the Beimiaoji basin from April to October in the 2016–2019 period. The results showed that (1) the daily merged precipitation product had a better performance than the original satellite products in terms of the six considered statistical indexes, with the lowest root mean square error (RMSE) at 4.33 mm and the highest correlation coefficient (CC) at 0.64; (2) the utilized merging method not only increased the spatial resolution to 1 km but also captured more detailed precipitation distribution information; and (3) considering the influence of the gauge density, the quality of the merged product was not further influenced after the number of gauge stations surpassed 16.
Magnetic detection under high pressures using designed silicon vacancy centers in silicon carbide
Authors: Wang Jun-Feng , Liu Lin , Liu Xiao-Di , Li Qiang , Cui Jin-Ming , Zhou Di-Fan , Zhou Ji-Yang , Wei Yu , Xu Hai-An , Xu Wan , Lin Wu-Xi , Yan Jin-Wei , He Zhen-Xuan , Liu Zheng-Hao , Hao Zhi-He , Li Hai-Ou , Liu Wen , Xu Jin-Shi , Gregoryanz Eugene , Li Chuan-Feng , Guo Guangcan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Pressure is a significant parameter to investigate the properties of matter. The phenomenon of pressure-induced magnetic phase transition has attracted great interest due to its ability to detect superconducting behaviour at high pressures in diamond anvil cell. However, detection of the local sample magnetic properties is a great challenge due to the small sample chamber volume. Recently, in situ pressure-induced phase transition has been detected using optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) method of the nitrogen vacancies (NV) centers in diamond. However, the NV centers with four orientation axes and temperature-dependent zero-field-splitting present some difficulty to interpret the observed ODMR spectra. Here, we investigate and characterize the optical and spin properties of the implanted silicon vacancy defects in 4H-SiC, which is single-axis and temperature-independent zero-field-splitting. Using this technique, we observe the magnetic phase transition of a magnetic Nd2Fe14B sample at about 7 GPa. Finally, the critical temperature-pressure phase diagram of the superconductor YBa2Cu3O6.66 is mapped and refined. These experiments pave the way for the silicon vacancy-based quantum sensor being used in situ magnetic detection at high pressures.
Overcoming The Barriers To Implementation Of Competence-Based Medical Education: A Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Stoffman Jayson 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: To ensure that residents are equipped with the necessary skills for practice, competence-based medical education (CBME) represents a transformative change in postgraduate medical education, which is being progressively introduced across Canadian specialty residency programs. Successful implementation will require adjustments to curriculum, assessment, and evaluation, with careful attention to the unique needs in the local context, including resident and faculty development.Methods: This narrative review of the literature aimed to determine the potential barriers to the successful implementation of CBME and the strategies by which they can be addressed, with a specific consideration of the author’s program in pediatrics in Manitoba. Eleven articles were identified with a specific focus on the implementation of CBME in the post-graduate setting, and 10 were included in the review after critical appraisal.Results: Three key themes emerged from the articles: the value of broad stakeholder engagement and leadership, the importance of faculty and resident development, and the development of specific support systems for the educational curriculum. Different strategies were considered and contrasted for addressing these important themes.Conclusion: This review provides important insights and practical approaches to the barriers that should be useful as programs prepare for the implementation of CBME.
WITHDRAWN: Dural Reconstruction with or without A Bone Graft Following Oncologic Resections of Paranasal and Anterior Skullbase Malignancies
Authors: Sommer Björn , Konietzko Ina , Bonk Maximilian Niklas , Schaller Tina , Märkl Bruno , Kahl Klaus Henning , Stüben Georg , Zenk Johannes , Shiban Ehab 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The reconstruction of frontobasal defects following oncologic resections of paranasal and anterior skull base malignancies remains challenging. Ineffective reconstruction could lead to cerebrospinal fluid leak, meningitis, and tension pneumocephalus. Aim of this investigation was to analyse postoperative complication rates with or without bone graft for anterior skull base reconstruction. In this retrospective study, we included patients following resection of paranasal and/or anterior skull base malignancies between October 2013 and November 2020. Complications were analysed with regards to the type of skull base reconstruction. Ten patients were identified (2 female, 8 male, age (median, SD) 65±14.8 years (range 38 – 81). There were eight cases of paranasal sinus and nasal cavity carcinomas and two cases of olfactory neuroblastomas. Overall survival was 20±25.1 months (range: 5-72), progression free survival was 17.0±20.3 months (range: 4-72). Bone skull base reconstruction using a split graft was performed in three cases. Postoperative complications requiring surgical intervention were seen in 33% (one tension pneumocephalus) of cases in the bone reconstruction group and 57% (three patients with cerebrospinal fluid leak, one infection) in the non-bone reconstruction group. Additional bone reconstruction of the anterior skull base seems to lower the CSF leakage rate due to the additional abutment following resection of paranasal and anterior skullbase malignancies.
Childhood adversities, history of mental disorders, anxiety-depressive symptoms are associated with dual-harm in violent offenders
Authors: Wang Xiaoping , Huang Ying , zhang Simei , Zhong Shaoling , Gou Ningzhi , Sun Qiaoling , Guo Huijuan , Lin Ruoheng , Guo Weilong , Chen Hui , Wang Jizhi , Zhou Jiansong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Backgroud: The coexistence of self-harm and aggression, which is referred to as dual-harm, is commonly seen in forensic population. However, self-harm and aggression have often been studied separately, and the factors associated with dual-harm remain unclear. This study aimed to explore potential risk factors associated with co-occurring self-harm among individuals with violent behaviors. Methods: This multi-center case-control study was conducted from May 2013 to January 2016 and involved seven qualified forensic institutes located in seven provinces in China. Participants were individuals with violent behaviors who were suspected to have mental disorders. Lifetime history of self-harm was obtained by a self-report questionnaire, and violent behaviors were assessed with the use of participants’ forensic archive. Sociodemographic and clinical information were collected using a self-designed standardized data collection form, and childhood adverse experience was assessed using a clinician-rated scale designed by our research team. The psychopathy checklist- Revised was used to assess psychopathic traits and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale was used to assess psychiatric symptoms of the participants.Results: A total of 429 participants were enrolled in the current study. Of them, 74 (17.2%) with self-harm history assigned into the dual-harm group (D-H) and 355 (82.8%) without self-harm history assigned into the violence-only group (V-O). According to the binary logistic regression analysis, current diagnosis of mood disorder (OR=3.03, 95%CI: 1.15 - 7.97), child abuse (OR=2.92, 95%CI: 1.33 - 6.40), parental death (OR=2.79, 95%CI: 1.14 - 6.81), and the score of the affective subscale in BPRS (OR=1.77, 95%CI: 1.31 - 2.39) were significantly associated with dual-harm.Conclusions: Our study suggested the necessity of integrated evaluation of self-harm among violent offenders. Childhood adverse experiences and psychiatric symptoms in this population require special attention.
Polyploid clades tend to be more speciose than their putative sister clades
Authors: Oyston Jack , Wilkinson Mark , Ruta Marcello , Wills Matthew 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Striking asymmetries of species richness characterise the tree of life, and understanding their causes is a major research agenda in evolutionary biology. Genome duplications have been proposed as one mechanism by which lineages acquire greater potential for rapid genetic evolution following the relaxation of pleiotropic constraints. This enhanced evolvability might facilitate faster rates of morphological change and speciation. We provide a comprehensive test of the empirical association between polyploidy – a marker of genome duplication – and species richness in 356 pairs of extant polyploid and non-polyploid sister clades. Comparing sister clades controls for divergence time and many ecological and morphological properties of groups. Clades with inferred basal genome duplications have significantly higher species diversity than their sister clades, both for the whole dataset, major groups of animals and plants within it and at the genus and family levels. Genome duplications therefore offer one possible, widespread cause of heterogeneities in species richness.
The Revised Identification of Seniors at Risk screening tool predicts readmission in older hospitalized patients: a cohort study.
Authors: McCusker Jane , Warburton Rebecca N. , Lambert Sylvie D. , Belzile Eric , de Raad Manon 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: The Identification of Seniors at Risk (ISAR) screening tool has been used primarily to predict adverse outcomes among older patients in the emergency department (ED).Few studies have investigated the use of ISAR to predict outcomes of hospitalized patients. To improve the usability of ISAR, the revised ISAR (ISAR-R) was developed in a quality improvement project. Although widely used, the ISAR-R has never been validated. We aimed to assess the ability of the ISAR-R to predict readmission in a cohort of older adults who were hospitalized (admitted from the ED) and discharged home. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of data collected in a pre-post evaluation of a patient discharge education tool. Participants were patients aged 65 and older, admitted to hospital via the ED of two general community hospitals, and discharged home from the medical (4) and geriatric (2) units of these hospitals. Patients (or caregivers for patients with mental or physical impairment) were recruited during their admission. The ISAR-R was administered as part of a short in-hospital interview. Providers were blinded to ISAR-R scores. Among patients discharged home, 90-day readmissions were extracted from hospital administrative data. Performance characteristics were computed for different ISAR-R cut-points. Results: Of 711 attempted recruitments, 496 accepted, and ISAR-R was completed for 485. Among 386 patients discharged home with a complete ISAR-R, the 90-day readmission rate was 24.9%; the Area Under the Curve (AUC) was 0.63 (95% CI 0.57,0.69). Sensitivity and specificity at the conventional cut-point of 2+ were 81% and 40%, respectively.Conclusions: The ISAR-R tool is a potentially useful risk stratification tool to predict patients at increased risk of readmission. It improves on the original ISAR by using more intuitive phrasing and scoring, and by decreasing the proportion of patients who screen positive.
Mental Health In Myasthenia Gravis Patients And Its Impact On Caregiver Burden
Authors: Marbin Derin , Piper Sophie K. , Lehnerer Sophie , Harms Ulrike , Meisel Andreas 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Psychiatric comorbidities are relevant in patients with Myasthenia gravis (MG). Also, MG patients experience a reduced health related quality of life (HRQoL). We aimed to quantify the impact of depression as well as self-perceived MG severity on HRQoL and caregivers' burden.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we used a survey encompassing demographic, disease-related information and standardized questionnaires to assess depression, anxiety, HRQoL (MG Quality of Life scale; MG-QoL15) and caregiver burden (Burden Scale for Family Caregivers; BSFC).Results: Data from 1399 participating patients (96%) and 1042 caregivers (65%) were eligible for further analysis. Depression and anxiety disorder were indicated by 31% and 36% of patients. Self-reported MG severity and MG-QoL15 scores were strongly associated (estimated marginal means for severe vs. mild MG severity= 18 95% CI [16; 21]; p≤0.001). Adjusting for depression decreased the estimated strength of this association (estimated marginal means for severe vs. mild MG severity= 15 [13; 17]; p≤0.001). Caregiver burden is associated to MG disease severity (estimated marginal means for severe vs. mild MG severity= 0.16 [0.13; 0,19); p≤0.001) and also negatively influenced by depression (estimated marginal means= 0.12 [0.09; 0.15]).Conclusion: Depression and anxiety disorder in MG are frequent. Beyond MG severity, depression has negative effects on HRQoL as well as on caregivers’ burden. Diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric comorbidities should be considered as an important element in MG care. Screening tools for mental health conditions should be implemented at least in specialized MG centers.
Study on spatial diversity and influencing factors of Tunpu settlement in Qianzhong
Authors: Wang Zhitai , Ge Hongyi , Bao Yu , Huang Zongsheng , Chen Xintong , Wu Bin , Qiao Yunwei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Qianzhong Tunpu settlement in China is a historical product of the co-evolution and development of the military defense policies of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 AD) such as the station troops and station farms and the unique geographical and cultural environment of Guizhou. In order to explore the evolution of the spatial system of traditional settlements in the process of urbanization and its influencing factors, 10 traditional Tunpu settlements in Qianzhong were studied. Drawing on the relevant theories and methods of community ecology to compare and analyze the spatial characteristics and diversity influence mechanisms of Tunpu settlement. The results show that: (1) On the whole, the spatial diversity of the Tunpu settlement in Qianzhong is manifested as the phenomenon that the military Tunpu and the commercial Tunpu are relatively high, and the residential Tunpu is low. In the change of spatial scale, the spatial diversity of commercial Tunpu and military Tunpu settlements shows a decreasing trend from the inside to the outside, while the residential Tunpu shows a increasing trend from the inside to the outside; The spatial diversity between different settlements shows that there is a strong spatial similarity between commercial Tunpu and military Tunpu, and there is significant heterogeneity between residential Tunpu, while spatial heterogeneity fluctuates to varying degrees in scale changes, showing multiple forms of changes. (2) The spatial network and spatial morphology of the Tunpu settlement have a weak influence on the diversity of the α, which is significantly related to the spatial β diversity of the settlement, and is complementary in the correlation between the whitttaker and Bray-curtis indices, and the spatial network controls the spatial difference of the Tunpu settlement. (3) The spatial diversity of the Tunpu settlement is affected by the multiple synergies of the natural environment, policy support, socio-economic and cultural customs, and the socio-economic and cultural customs are the dominant factors control the spatial diversity of the Tunpu settlement. This study applies the theory of urban diversity to the exploration of traditional settlement spatial systems, and focuses on the analysis of internal and external driving factors of traditional settlement spaces. The results show that the theory of urban spatial diversity is also applicable to the study of traditional settlement space systems, enriches the traditional settlement space theory, and provides a theoretical reference for scientifically guiding the planning and development of traditional settlements.
Aggressive resection and outcomes of primary craniopharyngiomas via an endoscopic endonasal approach based on an anatomical sub-classification
Authors: Morisako Hiroki , Ohata Hiroki , Sakaeyama Yuki , Sasaki Tsuyoshi , Nishijima Shugo , Ichinose Tsutomu , Teranishi Yuichi , Ohata Kenji , Goto Takeo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective: The optimal treatment of patients with craniopharyngioma remains controversial. In recent years, we have removed tumors radically via an endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) in all cases of primary craniopharyngioma. We present here our surgical strategy and outcomes of primary craniopharyngiomas via an EEA.Methods: Between 2015 and 2021, we resected 37 consecutive cases of primary craniopharyngioma via EEA. Aggressive resections had been originally planned in all cases. To help choose the adequate surgical management, we created the five groups included the intrasellar, prechiasmatic, retrochiasmatic, intra-3rd-ventricle and large lobulated type. Bony removal of the dorsum sellae, upper clivus and posterior clinoid process was added in cases with retrochiasmatic or third ventricular lesions, and a combination of EEA and transcranial approach was selected with large multi-lobulated tumors and lateral extension.Results: 16 tumors were classified as retrochiasmatic, 12 tumors as intra-3rd-ventricle, 4 tumors as prechiasmatic, 3 tumors as large lobulated, and 2 tumors as intrasellar type. Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in 89.2%, near-total resection (NTR) in 8.1%, and subtotal resection (STR) in 2.7%. The pituitary stalk was preserved intraoperatively in 27.0%. Visual improvement was noted in 76.7%. Neuropsychological function status was improved or preserved in all cases. Tumor recurrence was detected 3.0% of GTR, 33.3% of 3 NTR and 100% of STR cases with the mean follow-up period of 32.7 months.Conclusion: Adequate surgical management according to the anatomical location of the lesion via EEA results in good visual and cognitive outcomes with increased extent of resection.
Emotion Built Stress Relief Recommender Tool Using Machine Learning
Authors: Mubarak M Mohammed Mustafa 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Nowadays, Society and the operating surroundings positioned an unrivalled diploma of consciousness on individuals. The indicators of pressure are ubiquitous, and its results are various. The mitigating depth of track is settled. It has a one in every of a type connect with our feelings, so may be a totally a success stress the board device. Tuning in to track will have a highly loosening up effect on our brains and bodies, especially moderate, calm vintage fashion track. This form of track can valuably have an effect on our physiological limits, shifting again the beat and heartbeat, slicing down circulatory stress, and lowering the stages of pressure hormones. Nonetheless, it is probably unhelpful if the track from time to time falls quick for the existing feeling of the audience. In addition, there may be no track participant which could select tunes depending on the consumer feeling.
Understanding the Association Between PrEP Stigma and PrEP Cascade Moderated by the Intensity of HIV Testing
Authors: Zhang Chen , Liu Yu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
In the United States, men who have sex with men (MSM) account for the majority of new HIV infections. On the other hand, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective strategy to curb HIV transmission, but it is widely underutilized. It is unknown how stigma affects PrEP care in the context of other HIV prevention strategies (e.g., HIV testing).17 In the current study, we explored how PrEP and HIV-related stigma affect the PrEP care cascade (i.e., awareness, willingness, and uptake) and how the intensity of HIV testing services moderates the association.
Methods
We recruited a group of MSM from two cities in the U.S. With informed consent being collected, we included a total of 318 MSM in the current analysis. We employed bivariate and multivariable analyses to assess the association between PrEP stigma and PrEP cascade while controlling for potential confounders on each specific pathway. We further used a series of moderation analyses based upon the intensity of HIV testing within different timeframes to assess the association between PrEP stigma and PrEP cascade. In addition, we conducted the trend-analyses to assess the pattern of PrEP cascade across different time points of HIV testing.
Results
Compared with MSM who used PrEP, those who never used PrEP reported higher internalized (0.59 vs. 2.99) and vicarious PrEP stigma (3.66 vs. 5.56). Internalized PrEP stigma has significantly reduced the likelihood of PrEP willingness and PrEP uptake among this group. With the increased frequency of HIV testing, stigma became stronger to negatively impact the likelihood of PrEP willingness and PrEP uptake in MSM. The Jonckheere–Terpstra test with Monte Carlo permutations showed significant trend patterns across different frequencies of HIV testing. The same patterns have been identified under other timeframes (i.e., in the past 12m, 6m, and 3m).
Conclusions
Findings indicated that HIV prevention services might discourage MSM from PrEP use under the influence of stigma. A structural-level reform is urgently needed to turn the HIV service encounters into opportunities to facilitate and optimize the PrEP cascade among this group who may benefit from PrEP use.