bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A scoping review: Treatment attitudes and adherence for adults with schizophrenia
Authors: Nyanyiwa Simehlani , Peters Kath , Murphy Gillian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAim and objectivesThis scoping review presents an exploration of literature on the relationship between treatment attitudes and adherence in adults experiencing schizophrenia.BackgroundStrategies to address adherence and improve treatment outcomes are described in literature. However, adherence remains a challenge for people experiencing mental illness in practice. Transformational frameworks, evidence‐based practice and patient‐centred approaches have been established and implemented but non‐adherence incidence rates continue to rise among people with schizophrenia. Moreover, the relationship between treatment attitudes and adherence in adults diagnosed with schizophrenia remains unclear.DesignA scoping review using the framework offered by Implementation Science, 5, 2010, 1. The PRISMA‐ScR checklist was used to ensure integrity of the review.MethodsFour databases PsychINFO, Medline, Cochrane and CINAHL databases were searched for literature along with the reference lists of eligible sources. Original research, peer‐reviewed articles published between 2010 and 2020 in English language were included. Articles were included if study participants were adults with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or related psychosis. Methodological quality was evaluated using a quality assessment checklist, the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool.ResultsTen articles were included in the study. Five main themes about treatment adherence emerged from the literature: (i) severity of symptoms, (ii) side effects, (iii) beliefs and attitudes, (iv) insight and (v) support and relationships.ConclusionsThis scoping review concluded that attitude influenced adherence to medication in people with schizophrenia. The five main themes reported directly influenced attitude, impacting on treatment adherence in people experiencing schizophrenia. This review makes recommendations for a person‐centred and recovery framework that aims to improve adherence.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses in all healthcare settings could use evidence‐based strategies to enhance treatment adherence in people with a range of physical and mental health conditions.
From individual creativity to team creativity: A meta‐analytic test of task moderators
Authors: Yuan Yingjie , Humphrey Stephen E. , van Knippenberg Daan 
Published: January 2022

Research has advanced two perspectives on the fundamental issue of the relationship between member creativity and team creativity: the additive model (predicting with average member creativity) and the disjunctive model (predicting with highest member creativity). Inconsistent evidence raises the question of possible moderators. We address this question by developing moderating roles of task characteristics – task interdependence and task creativity requirement. In a meta‐analytic review of team creativity (and innovation) research, we hypothesized and supported that the additive model is more predictive in tasks with high interdependence and with low creativity requirements, and that the disjunctive model is more predictive for less interdependent tasks. The effectiveness of the disjunctive model, however, did not differ as a function of task creativity requirements. Further, our supplementary analysis showed that the additive model is more effective in tasks requiring only generating creative ideas than in tasks involving both generation and implementation of creative ideas.Practitioner points

Because creative employees are in high demand, it is important to effectively select and assign creative individuals to teams for managing creativity.

Managing team creativity by selecting creative individuals for the team can be done following two strategies: an additive strategy prioritizing high levels of average member creativity or a disjunctive strategy prioritizing one particularly creative member.

Whether the additive or the disjunctive strategy is more effective is contingent on task characteristics: with high task interdependence, it is better to prioritize mean member creativity; with low task interdependence and with higher creativity requirements, it is better to prioritize one particularly creative team member.
A polysomnographic study of sleep disruptions in individuals with chronic neck pain
Authors: Aldabbas Mosab M. , Tanwar Tarushi , Ghrouz Amer , Iram Iram , Warren Spence David , Pandi‐Perumal Seithikurippu R. , Veqar Zubia 
Published: January 2022

SummaryVarious lines of evidence suggest that a bidirectional relationship exists between poor sleep quality and chronic pain, with each condition tending to promote and exacerbate the other. This has led to the hypothesis that the two conditions may be linked by common underlying mechanisms. It has thus been suggested that inadequate sleep and chronic pain may share neurophysiological and molecular pathways that are similar or overlapping. Some studies based on self‐report measures have tended to support the inference that chronic neck pain may promote sleep disturbance, but this association has not, until now, been investigated with quantitative measures. The present study is the first to evaluate the sleep quality of patients with chronic neck pain through the use of polysomnography. The study sought to identify the sleep characteristics of patients with chronic neck pain and then to determine whether these characteristics were associated with the severity of their neck pain. Laboratory testing with polysomnography was carried out on 32 males who had complaints of chronic neck pain and on 12 healthy participants who served as controls. Compared to the control subjects, patients with chronic neck pain were found to have significantly shorter times spent in sleep (p = 0.015), longer latencies to sleep onset (p = 0.015) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (p < 0.05), longer durations spent in Stage 1 (p < 0.05), and shorter durations spent in both Stage 2 (p = 0.001) and REM sleep (p = 0.00). The severity of discomfort was related negatively to the amount of time spent in REM sleep. The present study’s quantitative measures corroborate the view that patients with chronic neck pain have poor sleep quality. These findings confirm long‐held clinical observations that the sleep quality of patients with chronic neck pain is compromised, and that, in this clinical group, poor sleep is at least a correlate of and may be an amplifier of perceived pain.
Exploring and exploiting ant colony optimization algorithm for vertical highway alignment development
Authors: Sushma M.B. , Roy Sandeepan , Maji Avijit 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe vertical alignment optimization is about developing a minimum cost curvilinear vertical profile of constrained grade sections and appropriate non‐overlapping vertical curves passing through fixed control points with elevation constraints. Variations in ground profile and discreteness in unit cutting and filling costs make it a non‐convex, noisy, constrained optimization problem with many local minima. Further, the gradient related constraints and vertical curvature are non‐linear. This paper presents an innovative exploring and exploiting ant colony optimization (E&E‐ACO) algorithm with an appropriate point sampling, vertical curve fitting strategies, and an intuitive feasible region identification approach for solving the vertical alignment optimization problem. The E&E‐ACO algorithm extensively explores the feasible search space to generate a set of potential solutions and effectively exploit the space around the potential solutions for developing the optimized vertical alignment. The efficacy of the proposed method is demonstrated using two case studies. In one case study, the optimized solution by the proposed method had a marginally better objective function value and about three times lesser computational time than the solution by the mesh adaptive direct search method. The optimized alignment satisfied the elevation constraints of fixed control points and imitated the manually designed real‐world vertical alignment. The linearly varying exploration and exploitation parameters had better convergence rate than the other tested variations. Further, the proposed method at the end of 1000 iterations yielded about six times better result than the traditional ACO algorithm.
Causal validation of the risk for corneal injury in critically ill adults
Authors: de Oliveira Pinheiro Carlos Eduardo , Carneiro e Silva Rosimeire Silva , de Sousa Fernanda Raphael Escobar Gimenes , Mantilla Natalia Pimentel Moreno , Silva Nauara Naissa Duarte , de Assis Stefanny Furtado , do Prado Patrícia Rezende 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe validity of a nursing diagnosis depends on a continuous investigation process in different populations to provide clinical evidence. The risk for corneal injury nursing diagnosis was approved in 2013 and only reviewed in 2017, demonstrating the need to perform a clinical validation to improve it.AimTo perform a causal validation of the risk for corneal injury nursing diagnosis in critically ill adults.Study designA prospective cohort study was performed in two intensive critical care units in Northern Brazil with adults aged over 18 years without corneal injury at admission. The patients were evaluated for 10 days, using a data collection tool composed of risk factors for the risk for corneal injury nursing diagnosis. The independent variables were described through absolute and relative frequency. The accuracy measures and risk factors were identified through Cox regression, considering a 95% confidence interval.ResultsThe nurses assessed 209 critically ill adults and identified that 76.0% of them presented the risk for corneal injury nursing diagnosis, with 16.3% developing a corneal injury, all having previously presented the risk for corneal injury nursing diagnosis. The risk factors identified were eyeball exposure (hazard ratio: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.27–2.51), Glasgow score < 6 (hazard ratio: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.15–2.60) and periorbital oedema (hazard ratio: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.03–1.99), with these factors showing high specificity, and the mechanical ventilation variable, showing high sensitivity, with ROC curve of .86.ConclusionEyeball exposure, Glasgow score < 6 and periorbital oedema are the risk factors of the risk for corneal injury nursing diagnosis, in critically ill adults. These risk factors guide nursing interventions. This causal validation can improve the risk for corneal injury nursing diagnosis levels of evidence in the NANDA International Taxonomy.Relevance to clinical practiceIt is necessary to guide nursing interventions for critically ill adults with lowered level of consciousness and corneal exposure for the prevention of corneal injury.
Maternal autoimmune disease and risk of hospitalization for autoimmune disease, allergy, and cancer in offspring
Authors: Zhao Xiaotian , Bégin Philippe , Kang Harb , Henderson Mélanie , Lewin Antoine , Lee Ga Eun , Healy‐Profitós Jessica , Auger Nathalie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundChildren whose mothers have autoimmune disease may be at risk of developing immune‐mediated disorders. We assessed the association between maternal autoimmune disease and risk of autoimmune disease, allergy, and cancer in offspring.MethodsWe analyzed a cohort of 1,011,623 children born in Canada between 2006 and 2019. We identified mothers who had autoimmune diseases and assessed hospitalizations for autoimmune disease, allergy, and cancer in offspring between birth and 14 years of age. We estimated hazard ratios (HR) for the association of maternal autoimmune disease with child hospitalization in adjusted Cox regression models. We used within‐sibling analysis to control for genetic and environmental confounders.ResultsA total of 20,354 children (2.0%) had mothers with an autoimmune disease. Compared with no autoimmune disease, maternal autoimmune disease was associated with the risk of childhood hospitalization for autoimmune disease (HR 1.96, 95% CI 1.66–2.31) and allergy (HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.21–1.40), but was not significantly associated with cancer (HR 1.31, 95% CI 0.96–1.80). Type 1 diabetes, celiac disease, inflammatory arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus were among specific maternal autoimmune diseases most strongly associated with childhood hospitalization for autoimmune disease and allergy. The associations disappeared after controlling for genetic and environmental confounders in the within‐sibling analysis.ConclusionsMaternal autoimmune disease is associated with an increased risk of autoimmune disease and allergy hospitalization in offspring, but the relationship appears to be confounded by genetic and environmental factors. Prenatal exposure to immunologic or pharmacologic products is not likely a direct cause of immune‐mediated disease in children.
Type B adverse drug reactions to antibiotics and antibiotic allergy in infants and children
Authors: Sakamoto Kei , Yamamoto‐Hanada Kiwako , Kubota Mitsuru , Ishiguro Akira , Ohya Yukihiro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundDistinguishing allergic reactions from non‐allergic type B adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to antibiotics is challenging, particularly in children, because we lack epidemiological information that can be used in primary care situations. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of type B ADRs to antibiotics and antibiotic allergy (AA) in previously healthy children.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of previously healthy children admitted for treating urinary tract infections over a 10 year period. The primary outcome was the frequency of type B ADRs and AAs that were assessed by pediatricians. Secondary outcomes include demographic data about patients' backgrounds, infections, treatments, ADRs, and action against ADRs. All the data were collected via patients' medical records.ResultsOut of 791 participants, type B ADRs were reported in 77 children (9.7%), and AA labeling was performed in six children (0.8%). Physicians assessed 30.4% of type B ADRs as severe or life‐threatening symptoms. All patients were discharged without long‐term complications. Physicians detected the primary cause (individual patient host factors or environmental risks) in 39 cases of type B ADRs.ConclusionType B ADRs to antibiotics were frequently reported even in previously healthy children. Physicians should use appropriate techniques (e.g., specialist consulting and skin testing) when they suspect that a type B ADR might be an AA. Labeling and de‐labeling programs and tools for type B ADRs related to antibiotics should be implemented to prevent the mislabeling of AA.
Contrasting β‐ODAP content correlates with stress gene expression in Lathyrus cultivars
Authors: Verma Anjali , Nidhi Nidhi , Kaur Gazaldeep , Mantri Shrikant , Sharma Tilak Raj , Pandey Ajay Kumar , Kandoth Pramod Kaitheri 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLathyrus sativus, commonly known as grass pea, is a nutrient‐rich pulse crop with remarkable climate‐resilient attributes. However, wide use of this nutritious crop is not adopted owing to the presence of a non‐protein amino acid β‐N‐oxalyl‐l‐α,β‐diaminopropionic acid (β‐ODAP), which is neurotoxic if consumed in large quantities. We conducted a de novo transcriptomic profiling of two ODAP contrasting cultivars, Pusa‐24 and its somaclonal variant Ratan, to understand the genetic changes leading to and associated with β‐ODAP levels. Differential gene expression analysis showed that a variety of genes are downregulated in low β‐ODAP cultivar Ratan and include genes involved in biotic/abiotic stress tolerance, redox metabolism, hormonal metabolism, and sucrose, and starch metabolism. Several genes related to chromatin remodeling are differentially expressed in cultivar Ratan. β‐ODAP biosynthetic genes in these cultivars showed differential upregulation upon stress. ODAP content of these cultivars varied differentially upon stress and development. Physiological experiments indicate reduced relative water content and perturbed abscisic acid levels in the low ODAP cultivar. Altogether, our results suggest that the low ODAP cultivar may have a reduced stress tolerance. The dataset provides insight into the biological role of ODAP and will be helpful for hypothesis‐driven experiments to understand ODAP biosynthesis and regulation.
Phylogenetics and host‐specificity of the mega‐diverse louse genus Myrsidea (Amblycera: Menoponidae)
Authors: Kolencik Stanislav , Cacioppo Joseph A. , Johnson Kevin P. , Allen Julie M. , Sychra Oldrich , Weckstein Jason D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMyrsidea Waterston is the most diverse genus of chewing lice, primarily parasitizing perching birds (Passeriformes), which is the most speciose avian order. Myrsidea also parasitize several hosts from non‐passerine groups, including toucans, barbets, woodpeckers (Piciformes) and hummingbirds (Apodiformes). To examine host specificity, host switching and generic limits, we reconstructed a phylogeny of the avian feather louse genus Myrsidea using DNA sequence data from two fragments of the mitochondrial COI gene and a fragment of the nuclear EF‐1α gene for 152 Myrsidea specimens collected from 23 avian host families. Unlike other highly diverse louse genera, only a small proportion of Myrsidea species parasitize more than one host species. We found that host family has significant phylogenetic signal on the Myrsidea phylogeny. These results suggest that Myrsidea is generally highly host‐specific, with some exceptions where host switching is important. We found that there are two separate groups of Myrsidea that parasitize toucans, and that both are nested within Myrsidea found on perching birds, suggesting that these toucan ectoparasites may have arisen from two independent host switching events. Lastly, representatives of the genus Ramphasticola Carriker, which was originally described as a distinct genus due to a suite of morphologically unique characters, falls in with a strongly supported clade of Myrsidea parasitizing Ramphastos toucans, and therefore we definitively place Ramphasticola as a synonym of Myrsidea.
Association of Staphylococcus aureus in platelet concentrates with skin diseases in blood donors: Limitations of cultural bacterial screening
Authors: Matsumoto Mami , Kozakai Moe , Furuta Rika A. , Matsubayashi Keiji , Satake Masahiro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundBacterial contamination in platelet concentrates (PCs) is a major problem in transfusion medicine. Contamination with Staphylococcus aureus is occasionally missed, even with cultural screening.Study design and methodsDonors implicated in S. aureus‐contaminated PC were followed up. Skin and nasal swab specimens from six donors and S. aureus isolated from PCs related to these donors were subjected to multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to determine the identity of bacteria. To evaluate the validity of the screening method using BacT/ALERT 3D, we spiked S. aureus and three other bacterial species as comparisons into PCs and investigated their growth pattern.ResultsS. aureus was isolated from all nasal specimens and from the arm skin specimens of three donors with atopic dermatitis. In all cases, the S. aureus strains isolated from the PC and those from the nasal and skin specimens of the same donor showed concordant results using MLST and PFGE. In the spiking study, S. aureus showed irregular detectability over 24 to 48 h post‐spike periods, whereas the three other bacterial species were detected in all culture bottles after a 24‐h post‐spike period.DiscussionThe strain identity of S. aureus between donor and PC suggests that the contaminants were derived from those colonized in the donor. Furthermore, S. aureus yielded false‐negative results using BacT/ALERT 3D.
The pathophysiology of uncontrolled hemorrhage in horses
Authors: Hurcombe Samuel D. A. , Radcliffe Rolfe M. , Cook Vanessa L. , Divers Thomas J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundHemorrhagic shock in horses may be classified in several ways. Hemorrhage may be considered internal versus external, controlled or uncontrolled, or described based on the severity of hypovolemic shock the patient is experiencing. Regardless of the cause, as the severity of hemorrhage worsens, homeostatic responses are stimulated to ameliorate the systemic and local effects of an oxygen debt. In mild to moderate cases of hemorrhage (<15% blood volume loss), physiological adaptations in the patient may not be clinically apparent. As hemorrhage worsens, often in the uncontrolled situation such as a vascular breach internally, the pathophysiological consequences are numerous. The patient mobilizes fluid and reserve blood volume, notably splenic stored and peripherally circulating erythrocytes, to preferentially supply oxygen to sensitive organs such as the brain and heart. When the global and local delivery of oxygen is insufficient to meet the metabolic needs of the tissues, a cascade of cellular, tissue, and organ dysfunction occurs. If left untreated, the patient dies of hemorrhagic anemic shock.Clinical importanceAn understanding of the pathophysiological consequences of hemorrhagic shock in horses and their clinical manifestations may help the practitioner understand the severity of blood volume loss, the need for referral, the need for transfusion, and potential outcome. In cases of severe acute uncontrolled hemorrhage, it is essential to recognize the clinical manifestations quickly to best treat the patient, which may include humane euthanasia.Key Points

Uncontrolled hemorrhage may be defined as the development of a vascular breach and hemorrhage that cannot be controlled by interventional hemostasis methods such as external pressure, tourniquet, or ligation.
Causes of uncontrolled hemorrhage in horses may be due to non‐surgical trauma, surgical trauma, invasive diagnostic procedures including percutaneous organ biopsy, coagulopathy, hypertension, cardiovascular anomaly, vascular damage, neoplasia such as hemangiosarcoma, toxicity, or idiopathic in nature.
When a critical volume of blood is lost, the respondent changes in heart rate, splenic blood mobilization, and microcirculatory control can no longer compensate for decreasing oxygen delivery to the tissues
In spite of organ‐specific microvascular responses (eg, myogenic responses, local mediator modulation of microvasculature, etc), all organs experience decreases in blood flow during severe hypovolemia
Acute, fatal hemorrhagic shock is characterized by progressive metabolic acidosis, coagulopathy, and hypothermia, often termed the “triad of death,” followed by circulatory collapse