bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are brood sex ratios adaptive?—The effect of experimentally altered brood sex ratio on nestling growth, mortality and recruitment
Authors: Szász Eszter , Sarkadi Fanni , Szöllősi Eszter , Kopena Renáta , Török János , Rosivall Balázs 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBrood sex ratios (BSRs) have often been found to be nonrandom in respect of parental and environmental quality, and many hypotheses suggest that nonrandom sex ratios can be adaptive. To specifically test the adaptive value of biased BSRs, it is crucial to disentangle the consequences of BSR and maternal effects. In multiparous species, this requires cross‐fostering experiments where foster parents rear offspring originating from multiple broods, and where the interactive effect of original and manipulated BSR on fitness components is tested. To our knowledge, our study on collared flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis) is the first that meets these requirements. In this species, where BSRs had previously been shown to be related to parental characteristics, we altered the original BSR of the parents shortly after hatching by cross‐fostering nestlings among trios of broods and examined the effects on growth, mortality and recruitment of the nestlings. We found that original and experimental BSR, as well as the interaction of the two, were unrelated to the fitness components considered. Nestling growth was related only to background variables, namely brood size and hatching rank. Nestling mortality was related only to hatching asynchrony. Our results therefore do not support that the observed BSRs are adaptive in our study population. However, we cannot exclude the possibility of direct effects of experimentally altered BSRs on parental fitness, which should be evaluated in the future. In addition, studies similar to ours are required on various species to get a clearer picture of the adaptive value of nonrandom BSRs.
The effect of combined of hyaluronic acid dermal filler and microfocused ultrasound treatment: A clinicopathological study
Authors: Vachiramon Vasanop , Rutnin Suthinee , Patcharapojanart Chanikarn , Chittasirinuvat Natthaphon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesMicrofocused ultrasound (MFU) and hyaluronic acid (HA) filler injection are increasingly popular aesthetic procedures. HA filler injection is generally recommended after MFU if combined treatment is required in a single visit. However, data regarding the safe and optimal time of MFU treatment after HA injection is still limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree of HA loss when performing MFU treatment after dermal filler injection.MethodsFourteen subjects were recruited in this pilot study. HA was injected intradermally on four 2 × 2 cm areas at the abdomen (0.25 ml/site). Site A was served as control whereas site B, C, D were treated with MFU using 1.5 mm transducer at 60 min, Day 14, and Day 28 after the injection, respectively. All experimental sites were biopsied using a 3‐mm punch biopsy to evaluate the histopathological profile at baseline and Day 56. Grading of the quantity of retained HA was evaluated by a blinded experienced dermatopathologist.ResultsAll 14 subjects completed the study. One subject has been excluded due to the poor quality of histopathologic slides. Seven subjects (53.9%) at site B and 6 subjects (46.2%) at site C had HA loss at Day 56 compared with baseline. The mean HA grading at baseline and Day 56 was 3.7 vs. 2.8 (p < 0.001) at site B and 3.7 vs. 3.0 (p = 0.001) at site C, respectively. There was no statistical difference between the mean HA grading at baseline and Day 56 at site D (3.7 vs. 3.3, p = 0.073). No inflammation or granuloma was observed on Day 56 of the study.ConclusionsMFU treatment after HA injection appears to be safe. However, some degree of HA loss was observed if MFU treatment was done within 2 weeks after HA injection.
Flexible application of scar tissue flaps in scar contracture release surgery: A retrospective study
Authors: Ge Xiaojing , Sun Yute , Tang Youzhi , Zhou Fang , Yao Gang , Su Xin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundComplete release of scar contracture often relies on surgery, but if the surgery injures normal skin tissue triggers new wounds and scarring, which adds insult to injury for the patient.ObjectiveTo explore a method that uses scar tissue to repair the defect after the release of scars and try to avoid damage to normal skin tissue.Materials and MethodsForty‐eight scar contracture patients admitted to our hospital from October 2014 to October 2019 were treated with scar tissue flaps (including Subcutaneous pedicle rhomboid flap, Z‐plasty flap, 5‐flap, and their combination model) and minor defects in combination with little scattered skin grafts. Medical and demographic data were collected on each patient. Assessed the joint range of motion (ROM) preoperatively and postoperatively, and complication was recorded. The rate of scar contracture recurrence was recorded at a follow‐up of 6–24 months.ResultsTwenty‐eight cases of scar contracture located in the joint sites, 20 in the trunk. All the surgical outcomes were satisfied, with significant improvement in contracture scarring and joint status. Postoperative joint range of motion (ROM) showed a significant improvement in comparison with preoperative mobility, whereas the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). After 24 months of follow‐up, five joints showed recontraction, with a recurrence rate of 10.42%.ConclusionScar contracture could be efficiently treated by properly designing incisions and making the most of the scar tissue flap, to minimize and avoid damage to the normal skin.
Capturing Multiple Sources of Change on Triannual Math Screeners in Elementary School
Authors: Hall Garret J. , Kaplan David , Albers Craig A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBayesian latent change score modeling (LCSM) was used to compare models of triannual (fall, winter, spring) change on elementary math computation and concepts/applications curriculum‐based measures. Data were collected from elementary students in Grades 2–5, approximately 700 to 850 students in each grade (47%–54% female; 78%–79% White, 10%–11% Black, 2%–4% Hispanic/Latino, 2%–4% Asian, 2–4% Native American or Pacific Islander; 13%–14% English learner; 10%–14% had special education individualized education plans). Results converged with common nonlinear growth patterns from the assessment norms and prior independent findings. However, Bayesian LCSMs captured practically relevant sources of change not observed in prior studies. Practical and methodological implications for screening and data‐based decision‐making in multitiered systems of support, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
Effects of primary hyperparathyroidism on oral health. A longitudinal register‐based study
Authors: Lexomboon Duangjai , Tägt Mina , Nilsson Inga‐Lena , Buhlin Kåre , Häbel Henrike , Sandborgh‐Englund Gunilla 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo analyze the effects of primary hyperparathyroidism on oral health and to investigate if the effects are linked to severity of the disease.Subjects and MethodsThis prospective cohort study involved 6151 primary hyperparathyroidism patients registered in the Scandinavian Quality Registry of Thyroid, Parathyroid, and Adrenal surgery and the National Cancer Register after parathyroidectomy (exposure) during 2011–2017 (patient cohort) and 60,654 individuals without primary hyperparathyroidism (reference cohort), matched by age, gender, and county of resident at the date of parathyroidectomy. The outcomes were tooth extractions and periodontal interventions. The risk for the outcomes was assessed by Poisson regression models.ResultsAfter adjusting for covariates, the patient cohort had a higher incidence rate of tooth extraction during the two‐year period after parathyroidectomy (IRR = 1.15; 95% CI = 1.01–1.31), but a lower incidence rate of periodontal interventions during the four‐ to six‐year period after parathyroidectomy (IRR = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.79–0.99). Furthermore, patients with more severe primary hyperparathyroidism were more likely to have tooth extractions and periodontal interventions after parathyroidectomy.ConclusionsThe risk of tooth extraction increased slightly during the first two years after parathyroidectomy. Thereafter, the oral health effects subsided. Pre‐surgical serum ionized calcium levels and adenoma weight may indicate negative dental outcomes after parathyroidectomy.
Person‐centred and task‐centred care: Impact on mealtime behaviours in nursing home residents with dementia
Authors: Liu Wen , Perkhounkova Yelena , Hein Maria 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionMealtime is a critical daily activity to ensure nutrition, hydration, function and socialisation. Interactions between staff and residents during mealtimes are complex and dynamic processes including verbal and/or nonverbal communication that can be positive/neutral or challenging. This study examined characteristics of and relationships between person‐centred and task‐centred care and positive/neutral and challenging mealtime behaviours in persons with dementia.MethodsThis study was a secondary behavioural analyses of videotaped mealtime observations (n = 110) involving 42 unique staff‐resident dyads (29 staff and 25 residents with dementia) in nine nursing homes. The refined Cue Utilization and Engagement in Dementia mealtime video‐coding scheme was used to code videos during 2019–2020. Dependent variables representing resident mealtime behaviours included positive verbal behaviours, positive/neutral nonverbal behaviours, functional impairments (nonverbal) and resistive behaviours (verbal and nonverbal). Independent variables were staff person‐centred and task‐centred approaches (verbal and nonverbal). Relationships between resident mealtime behaviours and staff approaches were examined using bivariate analysis and logistic regression.ResultsStaff person‐centred verbal approaches were associated with resident positive verbal behaviours (OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.09–1.76), functional impairments (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.66–1.00) and resistive behaviours (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.18–2.31). Staff person‐centred nonverbal approaches were associated with resident functional impairments (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.02–1.74). Staff task‐centred approaches were not associated with resident positive/neutral or challenging mealtime behaviours.ConclusionThis study characterised staff approaches and resident behaviours during mealtime care and provided preliminary support on associations between staff person‐centred approaches and resident positive and challenging behaviours. Person‐centred mealtime care practice is recommended by focusing on support of common, challenging behaviours and reinforcement of positive behaviours with adequate consideration of individual needs and preferences.
A prospective study of BurstDR™ spinal cord stimulation for non‐operated discogenic low back pain
Authors: Mons Martijn R. , Chapman Kenneth B. , Terwiel Chris , Joosten Elbert A. , Kallewaard Jan‐Willem 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionChronic discogenic low back pain (CD‐LBP) is caused by degeneration of the disc due to trauma to the annulus or by unprovoked degeneration, resulting in chronic pain. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) employing the BurstDR™ waveform has been shown to be an effective treatment in a variety of chronic pain conditions. The aim of this prospective case study was to determine the effect of BurstDR™ SCS on pain relief, disability, and patient satisfaction in a population with CD‐LBP.MethodsSeventeen subjects with CD‐LBP received a SCS trial with BurstDR™ stimulation. Patients with >50% pain relief after a trial period of 2 weeks were permanently implanted (n = 15). Patients then rated LBP and leg pain using the numeric rating scale (NRS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), patient global impression of change (PGIC), EQ‐5D quality of life, and painDETECT for neuropathic pain at baseline following trial, 3, 6, and 12 months after permanent implantation.ResultsTreatment with BurstDR™ SCS resulted in significant reduction of LBP as the NRS was reduced from 71.7 ± 7.3 at baseline to 42.5 ± 18.1 at 12 months. Average pain relief at 12 months was 42.5%. In patients with leg pain (n = 8), pain was significantly reduced from 66.9 ± 8.2 to 11.7 ± 10.4 at 12 months. PainDETECT scores for neuropathic pain significantly reduced from 18.9 ± 4.8 at baseline, and 14.8 ± 3.2 at 12 months. Baseline ODI score significantly reduced from 41.2 ± 12.8 to 25.8 ± 8.6 at 12 months. PGIC scores remained low from 2.6 ± 1.6 at 3 months, 2.5 ± 1.0 at 6 months, and 2.5 ± 1.3 at 12 months. EQ‐5D‐5L rates remained constant from baseline 56.10 ± 23.9 to 68.6 ± 12.9 at 12 months.ConclusionBurstDR™ SCS resulted in significant reduction of back pain, leg pain, and quality of life in patients with CD‐LBP and decreased the level of disability and generated positive patient satisfaction scores.
Doing African political philosophy from a universalist perspective
Authors: Ṣóyẹmí Ẹniọlá Ànúolúwapọ́ 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThere has been a strong impetus to set the definitional parameters of study in African political philosophy and theory. Many scholars advance the idea of a discipline intended to provide lessons that stem from “original” African moral, ideological, and political traditions. Often, these traditions and their ideas are presented as holding categorical moral substance in so far as they are seen to be specific to a culturally essentialist understanding of “Africa.” In turn, an influential part of the literature estimates the normative value of the intellectual ideas and arguments afforded by a varied historical, socio‐cultural and economic African geography by the degree to which, in being tethered to a seemingly homogenous, “culturally African” influence, these ideas can be opposed to a “Western” equivalent. In this article, I argue that the effects on the discipline of attending to, and being defined by, this cultural essentialism are at best unclear, at worst detrimental. I aim to contribute to the side of those who advocate a universalist perspective to the study of African political philosophy and thought, and who argue for jettisoning an unhelpful dichotomy between “West” and “African,” in favour of a methodological, conceptual and historical specificity that allows the discipline to be truly useful to itself and to others.
Capital, change and Elsie's Place: Understanding the history of safe accommodation in Australia
Authors: Lewer Kelly 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGendered violence, specifically, domestic violence, continues to be a global issue impacting the health and well‐being of women despite the improvements to women's rights and the expansion of women's health and well‐being services in the 1970s. While considerable attention has been given to this period of time, scant attention has been given to understanding the resources and change processes involved in the opening of Australia's feminist‐led women's health and wellbeing services from a theoretical perspective. During a Visiting Scholar appointment at the State Library of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia I undertook a review of historical documentation and academic literature search pertaining to the opening of Australia's first feminist‐led safe accommodation for women fleeing domestic violence: Elsie's Place. The concepts of Bourdieu (1977) Theory of Practice informed my understanding of resources, while Lewin (1947) Change Theory provided a conceptual lens through which to view change within the textual and graphical documents. The findings from this project point to the importance of capital, particularly social capital, in the forms of cooperation, collaboration, and networking, in the supporting of change within this sector during the opening of foundational services for women in Australia.
Gendered affordance perception and unequal domestic labour
Authors: McClelland Tom , Sliwa Paulina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe inequitable distribution of domestic and caring labour in different‐sex couples has been a longstanding feminist concern. Some have hoped that having both partners at home during the COVID‐19 pandemic would usher in a new era of equitable work and caring distributions. Contrary to these hopes, old patterns seem to have persisted. Moreover, studies suggest this inequitable distribution often goes unnoticed by the male partner. This raises two questions. Why do women continue to shoulder a disproportionate amount of housework and childcare despite economic and cultural gains? And why is there a widespread one‐sided misrepresentation within different‐sex couples about how domestic and caring work is distributed between the two partners? We answer these questions by appealing to affordance perception – the perception of possibilities for action in one's environment. We propose an important gender disparity in the perception of affordances for domestic tasks such as the dishwasher affording emptying, the floor affording sweeping and a mess affording tidying. We argue that this contributes not only to the inequitable distribution of domestic labour but to the frequent invisibility of that labour. We explore the consequences of this hypothesis for resistance and social change.
Immunomodulatory treatment in unclassifiable interstitial lung disease: A retrospective study of treatment response
Authors: Hyldgaard Charlotte , Torrisi Sebastiano , Kronborg Brix‐White Sissel , Prior Thomas Skovhus , Ganter Claudia , Bendstrup Elisabeth , Kreuter Michael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe optimal management of unclassifiable Interstitial lung disease (ILD) remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to describe pulmonary function trajectories for patients treated with immunomodulatory therapy and for untreated patients.MethodsClinical information and treatment data were obtained retrospectively at two ILD centres. Pulmonary function data were analysed using (1) mixed effects linear regression models with and without clinical covariates and (2) propensity score matching using gender, age, physiology (GAP) stage, smoking and presence of ground glass opacities.ResultsSixty‐five percent of the 249 patients included received corticosteroids and/or other immunomodulators. Treated patients had lower forced vital capacity (FVC) (72% vs. 83% predicted) and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco) (44% vs. 60% predicted). In mixed effects linear regression, the adjusted change in FVC was −0.22%, [−0.34; −0.11], and −0.15% [−0.28;‐0.012] for DLco. The difference in pulmonary function decline between treated and untreated patients was insignificant, −0.082% per month, [−0.28; 0.11], p = 0.10 for FVC and −0.14% per month, [−0.36; 0.079], p = 0.15, for DLco. In propensity score matched analysis, the difference in change in FVC was 0.039% per month, p = 0.12, and for DLco, 0.0085% per month, p = 0.7.ConclusionThe pulmonary function trajectories for treated and untreated patients were parallel, despite treated patients having more severe disease at baseline. The persisting differences between the groups suggest no overall effect, although improvement or stabilization may be seen in some patients. Prospective studies are needed to define subsets of patients with unclassifiable interstitial lung disease and their optimal management.
Global nonlinear stability of longitudinal wave for the planar motion of elastic string with linear Hooke's law
Authors: Liu Jianli , Zhao Xinyu , Wu Kunlai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the global nonlinear stability of longitudinal wave for the planar motion of elastic string with linear Hooke's law. First, we will give the representation of the traveling wave solution to the recast hyperbolic system. Then, by using the weighted function method, we obtain the global stability of longitudinal wave solution for nonlinear elastic string equation.
High serum β2‐microglobulin is a significant predictor of mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients
Authors: Feng Jianan , Yu Ling , Li Han , Wang Shixiang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundBeta2‐microglobulin, a novel marker of kidney function, predicts kidney failure and mortality in the general population. However, few studies have evaluated the association of serum β2‐MG level with clinical outcome in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.MethodsThis prospective cohort study enrolled 303 MHD patients to investigate the factors related to β2‐MG and its relationship to mortality in MHD patients. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to examine the factors related to β2‐MG level. Multivariable Cox regression was used to calculate the hazard ratios for β2‐MG on all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality.ResultsThe median value of serum β2‐MG was 44.6 mg/L (interquartile range 37.60–50.40 mg/L). During the follow‐up period of 24 months, there were 48 all‐cause deaths (23.0%), including 36 cardiovascular causes (75.0% of all deaths). Multiple linear regression showed that dialysis duration, serum creatinine, and alkaline phosphatase were independent predictors of serum β2‐MG level. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that mortality in MHD patients was significantly higher in low albumin patients with β2‐MG > 44.6 mg/L. Cox regression analysis showed that β2‐MG was a significant predictor of all‐cause mortality (HR = 1.122, 95% CI: 1.058–1.190, 𝑃 < 0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (HR = 1.145, 95%CI: 1.065–1.123, P < 0.001) in MHD patients with low albumin level after adjusting for confounding factors. However, our results showed that serum β2‐MG was not associated with mortality in MHD patients with normal albumin level.ConclusionThese results are supportive of the potential role of the serum β2‐MG level as a predictor of mortality in MHD patients with low albumin.
Effectiveness of man therapy to reduce suicidal ideation and depression among working‐age men: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Frey Jodi J. , Osteen Philip J. , Sharpe Tanya L. , Mosby Amanda O. , Joiner Thomas , Ahmedani Brian , Iwamoto Derek , Nam Boyoung , Spencer‐Thomas Sally , Ko Jungyai , Ware Orrin D. , Imboden Rachel , Cornette Michelle M. , Gilgoff Jon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis randomized controlled trial of the online intervention, man therapy (MT), evaluated efficacy to reduce suicidal ideation (SI) and depression among working‐aged men.MethodFive‐hundred and fifty‐four men enrolled and 421 completed all surveys. Control Condition men explored the Healthy Men Michigan (HMM) website and Intervention Condition men explored HMM and MT. Hypotheses included men who used MT would report decreased SI and depression over time compared to Control Condition men.ResultsLatent growth curve modeling revealed improvements in SI (slope = −0.23, p < 0.001, 95% CI: −0.29, −0.16) and depression (slope = −0.21, p < 0.001, 95% CI: −0.23, −0.18) over time for men in both groups; however, there was no difference in slope based on group assignment. Depression, lifetime suicide attempts, and interpersonal needs were associated with SI. Interpersonal needs and poor mental health were associated with depression. No group differences in change in risk and protective factors over time were observed. MT sub‐group analyses revealed significant improvements in risk and protective factors.ConclusionWhile a direct effect of MT versus HMM on SI or depression was not observed, men in both groups improved. Results suggest online screening might play a role in reducing SI and depression among men and there are potential benefits to MT related to mental health, social support, and treatment motivation.