bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Onion Maggot, 1986
Authors: Grafius E. , Hayden J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare granular and wettable powder formulations of an insect growth regulator (Trigard) and to compare application methods for control of the onion maggot. Onions ('Downing Yellow Globe') were planted 28 Apr in a commercial onion field at the Krummery Farm, Stockbridge, Mich. Plots were single rows, 20 ft long, with an untreated buffer row between each plot. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications per treatment. Granular in furrow treatments were applied with the seed with a V-belt seeder with a 1-inch planting shoe. Band treatments were applied to the soil surface in a 3-inch band and shallowly incorporated prior to seeding. Diazinon drench treatments were applied with a hand sprayer at 50 gal/acre in a 3- to 4-inch band over the row, beginning as soon as first egg laying was observed, and repeated weekly (23 and 30 May and 6, 13, and 20 Jun). Trigard drench treatments were applied biweekly (23 May and 6 and 20 Jun). Weekly foliar insecticide sprays of parathion or diazinon were applied to the entire field by helicopter, but had no apparent effect on the onion maggot. A 100-plant section of row in each plot was marked with stakes prior to the first injury and sampled weekly from 30 May through 27 Jun and on 10 Jul for observable onion maggot injury and stand remaining. Yield of marketable onions, number of onions, and number of bulbs damaged by onion maggot were evaluated from 10 row-ft in the center of each plot on 21 Aug.
Control of Pepper Weevil Adults, 1987
Authors: Cartwright B. , Bentsen G. , Arriaga R. , Chambers C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The efficacy of various insecticides and insecticide combinations for pepper weevil control was assessed by observing adult mortality in two experiments in mature bell peppers grown on a Hidalgo clay loam soil. Plots consisted of 0.004 acre (25 ft × two 40-inch beds) with one double-row bed as a buffer row. Four cardboard trays (18 × 24 inches) were anchored underneath plants to catch dying weevil adults. In the second experiment, the number of trays was increased to 6/plot. Treatments were randomized among plots and arranged in a randomized block design with 3 replicates. Dead weevils were removed with a hand vacuum from each tray and counted at 1, 2, and 5 days after treatments were applied. The first experiment was sprayed on 24 Jun with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer mounted with 3 TX-18 nozzles/bed, calibrated to deliver 77 gal/acre at 50 psi. A water-only spray was used as the untreated check. The second experiment was conducted at a nearby location in a similar manner except that 45.5 gal/acre at 70 psi was delivered by 3 TX-10 nozzles/bed. Also, 4 replicates of each treatment were used in the second experiment.
Soil Systemics Applied At Plant, and Emergence for Potato Insect Control in Irrigated Potato, 1987
Authors: Noetzel David , Ricard Michele , Scheimann Chuck 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An irrigated trial was located in a commercial field at Kay Farms near Brooten, Minn. The field was planted 22 Apr with a 6-row commercial planter. Insecticide applicators were disconnected while the experimental area was being planted and then reconnected to complete field rows. The main field was treated with 3 lb (AI)/ acre of Thimet. Fertilizer, weed control, etc., were constant throughout the experimental and production field. Plots were 4 38-inch rows 30 ft long, replicated 3 times, and arranged in a randomized complete block design. The plot area was located 6 rows from the pivot road and extended 150 ft from the field edge into the main field. The soil was a sandy loam. At-plant treatments were applied on 23 Apr and lightly covered. Emergence treatments were applied 20 May. Foliars were applied on 22 Jun, 10 and 22 Jul, and 10 and 20 Aug. Foliars following emergence granular applications were applied on 3 and 22 Jul. Foliars were applied using a hand-held CO2 sprayer using 40 psi pressure and 12 gal total material/acre. Yields were taken by digging the 2 center plot rows, grading into #ls and B-size, and recording.
Effect of 3 Pyrethroid and 4 Suggested Synergist Combinations on Pyrethroid-Resistant Colorado Potato Beetle, 1987
Authors: Noetzel David , Ricard Michele , Wiersma John 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A trial was established at the Northwest Experiment Station at Crookston, Minn. Plots were 2 rows × 25 ft long, replicated 3 times, and arranged in a randomized complete block design. 5.3 cc of detergent (Ivory Liquid dish soap) and 10.5 cc of the appropriate vegetable oil was used per liter of material when each was added. Applications were broadcast with a hand-held CO2 sprayer using 40 psi pressure and 15 gal total material/acre. Treatments were applied 27 Jun, and surviving larvae/5 plants were counted 24 h later. Counts were converted to percentages, transformed using ARCSINE, and compared. Defoliation estimates were made at the time of larval counts 17 days later. Temperature on the day of application was 86°F.
Wireworm and White Grub Control in Potato, 1987
Authors: Noetzel David , Ricard Michele 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Wireworm control trials were established at 3 locations in Minnesota: Staples (Wadena County), Itasca (Clearwater County), and Woodbury (Washington County). All sites had either old alfalfa-grass or pasture as the previous crop. Soils were sandy loam and irrigated at Wadena County, clay loam and very moist in Clearwater County, and sandy loam with a spring drouth in Washington County. Severe white grub infestations developed at the Washington and Clearwater locations. A large wireworm population was present in Washington; neither was found in Wadena. The latter permitted evaluation of uncomplicated chemical effects on the potato itself. Insecticides were applied in the furrow with the seed piece in Wadena and Clearwater and over the planted row and then lightly covered in Washington. Plots were single rows 50 ft long, replicated 6 times at each site, and arranged in a randomized complete block design. A different design was used at each location. Fungicide and foliar insecticides were broadcast on all plots at least 3 times at each location to protect the growing potato throughout the season. Plots were hand dug and all tubers were examined and separated according to grub damage, wireworm damage, damage by both, and no damage. Percent effect for each case was calculated and transformed by ARCSINE, and the means were compared.
Foliar Sprays for Colorado Potato Beetle Control on Potatoes, 1987
Authors: Zehnder Geoffrey , Speese John 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted on 27 Mar at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Experiment Station, Painter, Va. Each plot consisted of a single 25-ft-long row bordered on one side by 2 untreated rows and on the other side by bare ground. Potatoes were planted with 10-inch plant and 36-inch row spacing. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied with a propane compressed-gas backpack sprayer using 3 hollow-cone nozzles per row and delivering 70 gal water/acre at 40 psi. Applications were made weekly from 1 May through 16 Jun. Asana 1.9 EC was added to the indicated DPX-EYO 59 treatments for control of CPB adults on 1, 8, and 13 May and 10 Jun. Evaluation criteria consisted of visual counts of CPB small (L1 and L2) larvae, large (L3 and L4) larvae, and adults on 10 randomly chosen stems/treatment plot. Percent defoliation for each treatment was estimated on 12 Jun, and harvest data was taken from the entire treated row in each treatment plot on 29 Jun.
Early-Season Control of Alfalfa Insects in Oklahoma, 1987
Authors: Doss Michael , Berberet Richard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted on a field of 'Cimarron' alfalfa located at the Southcentral Research Station in Grady County, Okla. Efficacy of several foliar applied insecticides was determined for alfalfa weevil larvae, pea aphids, blue alfalfa aphids and spotted alfalfa aphids. Pretreatment counts made on 26 Mar indicated an infestation of 13 weevil larvae/stem. Aphids were fewer than 1/stem prior to treatment, and the principal evaluation of aphid control involved the capability of materials to limit aphid increase after spraying. Insecticides were applied on 26 Mar with a tractor-drawn boom sprayer equipped with flooding nozzles (TKSS-5) calibrated to deliver 20 gal/acre at 20 psi. Plots were 4.0 × 7.0 m and were arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Population densities of weevil larvae were estimated from 25 stem samples taken from each plot on each posttreatment sampling date. Larvae were extracted from foliage with Berlese funnels prior to counting. Populations of the 3 species of aphids began to increase in the test field 2—3 wk after treatments were applied. Efficacy data for each aphid species were determined by clipping 10 stems/plot and washing the aphids into jars of alcohol for counting. Yield was determined by harvesting a 1.0 × 5-m area from each plot using a Carter harvester.
Control of Alfalfa Weevil in Maryland, 1985
Authors: Hellman J. L. , Patton T. W. , Vinis L. , Salvaggio R. , Grove J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was established on a 4-yr-old stand of alfalfa located near Sharpsburg in Washington County. Precount weevil populations were light and averaged about 5 2nd- and 3rd-instar larvae/sweep. Treatments were applied on 7 May. Treatment plots were 10 × 20 ft replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied with a hand-held COa backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 20.4 gal/acre at 40 psi. Posttreatment counts were made with a standard 15-inch-diam sweep net. Ten 180-degree sweeps/plot were made on 10, 14 and 21 May.
Potato Leafhopper Control on Alfalfa, 1987
Authors: Hellman J. L. , Patton T. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test site was a 3-yr-old pure stand of alfalfa located near Sharpsburg in Washington County, Md. Alfalfa height at time of treatment on 25 Jun was about 8 inches. Precounts averaged 15-17 leafhoppers/sweep. Treatment plots were 20 × 20 ft arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 4 times. Treatments were applied with a hand-held C02 backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 20 gal/acre at 40 psi. Posttreatment counts were made on 29 Jun and 2 and 9 Jul and included nymphs and adults. Ten random 180-degree sweeps were made in each plot.
Alfalfa Weevil Larvae Control, Kentucky 1987
Authors: Parr John C. , Pass B. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test area was a 4-yr-old stand of alfalfa. The plots were 34 × 36 ft, and each treatment and the untreated control were replicated 3 times in a completely random design. Sprays were applied in 20 gal of total volume/acre. Treatments were applied with a low-pressure, low-volume, Hahn field sprayer equipped with 21 Spraying Systems 8003 Teejet nozzels and operated at a pressure of 35 psi. Population densities of larvae were determined 3, 7, 10, 14, 20, and 24 days following treatment by collecting 10 sweeps from each plot with a standard 15-inch-diam beat net. The treatments were applied 28 Apr. A standard treatment of carbofuran 4F was applied at the rate of 0.5 lb (AI)/acre for comparison. Treatment means expressed as larvae/10 sweeps on the sampling date indicated were separated by use of Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test.
Prebloom Control of Insect Pests of Alfalfa Seed, 1987
Authors: Tanigoshi Lynell K. , Babcock Jon 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Chemical treatments were applied on 14 May on a 3-yr-old stand of ‘Shenandoah’ seed alfalfa in Touchet, Walla Walla County, Wash. Spray treatments were applied using a C02-powered backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 27 gal/acre at 30 psi. Four 8003 flat-fan nozzles were arranged at 19-inch spacings on a 4-ft boom. A completely randomized design was used with 0.01 acre plots replicated 4 times. Insect populations were sampled at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days posttreatment with 5 180-degree sweeps made with a standard 15-inchdiam sweep net. Adults of the alfalfa weevil were not reported because there were fewer than 1 adult/sweep in the posttreatment counts; populations remained at low densities throughout the sampling period.
Red Clover and Carbofuran at Planting Time, 1987
Authors: Manglitz G. R. , Kamble Shripat 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A test was conducted at Lincoln Neb., to determine efficacy of a planting-time tieatment of granular carbofuran against insect pests of red clover and its possible effect on phytotoxicity and yield. The design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Each plot consisted of 9 20-ft-long rows, spaced 6 inches apart. Seed and insecticide sufficient to treat and plant 1 row were weighed &lt;;:id placed together in paper seed envelopes. Planting was accomplished with a single row V-belt seeder by placing contents of 1 envelope at a time onto t ie belt and planting immediately into premarked rows on 16 Jun. A light irrigation was made shortly after planting to ensure uniform germination. Occasional si rigations supplemented natural rainfall to ensure continual growth. Insects were sampled by making 10 sweeps with a 15-inch-diam sweep net in each plot on 11 Aug and 14 Sep. Harvest was begun on 16 Sep by cutting and weighing the clover in each plot. A small sample was taken from the yield of each plot tar oven drying and subsequent dry-weight determination. Harvest was interrupted by rain after 2 replications had been completed and was finished on 21 Sep.
Efficacy of Capture Against Spider Mites and Second-Generation Corn Borers, Aerial Test, 1987
Authors: Buschman L. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in sprinkler-irrigated corn in Finney County, Kans. Treatments were applied with a Thrush 600 fixed-wing plane (wing span, 45.5 ft), flying 105 mph using Spraying Systems # 5 hollow-cone nozzles at 22 psi and delivering a volume of 2 gal/acre. Plots were 50 rows wide (125 ft or 2 plane swaths). The Furadan + Supracide treatment was applied the evening of 5 Aug. The Capture treatments were applied the morning of 6 Aug. Three treatments and a check were initially arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications; however, errors and substitutions during application destroyed the blocking and 2 plots were misapplied. The data were analyzed assuming a completely randomized design with 2 missing values. Spider mites (mostly large adult females) were counted weekly by searching every other leaf (one-half plant) of 5 flagged plants in the central part of each plot 31 Jul through 31 Aug. Corn borer evaluations were made 31 Aug by dissecting 25 plants in each plot (5 consecutive corn plants next to each flagged plant). Corn borer larvae (by species) were recorded for each plant.
Control of Slugs in No-Till Corn, 1987
Authors: Goh Kean S. , Gibson Roberta L. , Cox William , Gaffney Fred , van der Grinten Martin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
No-till corn plots were located in a Unadilla silt-loam field of pH 5.6 and 1% organic matter in Big Flats, N.Y. The previous crop was no-till corn in which the corn stalk and leaf residues provided a dense mulch. On 23 Apr, the no-till field was prepared by applying paraquat at 0.5 lb (AI)/acre to kill various weed seedlings. The field was seeded on 30 Apr using a tractor drawn Buffalo No-Till Planter to seed 4 rows/pass at 30-inch row spacing. Seed drop was set at 27,800 kernels/acre and planted at 1.0-1.5 inches deep. Simultaneously, chlorpyrifos (Lorsban® 15G) was applied at 2 lb (AI)/acre, and fertilizer (10-20-20) was applied at 330 lb/acre. On the following day, Lasso and Aatrex 4L were applied at 2 lb (AI)/ acre each. Treatment plots were 20 × 20 ft containing 6 rows of corn, including an additional untreated buffer row between treatments. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 6 replicates. In each plot three sampling holes, 4 inches in diam × 6 inches deep, diagonally and evenly spaced, were excavated between rows with a golf-hole digger on 6 May. Each hole was covered with a 1-sq-ft asphalt shingle wrapped with aluminum foil. The reflective shelter kept the hole dark, cool, and moist; hence, it provided an ideal hiding place for slugs. Larvin bait was prepared according to label by coating cracked corn with the 3.2% flowable using a mixture of water, beer, and molasses as sticking agent; and the bait was applied at 20 lb bait/acre. Bait and spray treatments were applied on 2 Jun when the corn was at the 2- to 3-leaf stage and slug damage to the corn plants was evident. The molluscicidal baits were broadcast by hand evenly over the corn rows. Larvin 3.2F was applied with a mechanical backpack sprayer at 50 gal/acre of water. On 15 Jun, liquid fertilizer was side-dressed at 120 lb/acre of nitrogen. Slug counts were taken by inspecting the holes and areas covered by the shingles for live slugs just before treatment and at 3, 7, and 14 days posttreatment. Corn damage ratings were taken by inspecting 20 corn plants per plot at pre- and posttreatment. Plants were rated as no damage (0% slug feeding damage), slight damage (1-20%), moderate damage (21-60%) and severe damage (60-100%). Corn stand was evaluated at pre- and posttreatment on 2 and 16 Jun by taking two 1/1000-acre samples per plot (17.4 foot-row per sample); the final corn stand and yield were taken on 23 Sep from two 17.4-ft rows.
First-Generation European Corn Borer Control Via Ground, Chemigation, and Aerial Applications, 1986
Authors: Hein G. L. , Ingemansen J. A. , Walgenbach D. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Studies I, II, and III were established in cornfields near Armour and Redfleld, S. Dak. Study IV was established in 2 adjacent fields near Chamberlain. Treatments in studies I and II were randomized in a complete block design with 3 replications and all treatments were ground applied in one-row plots (0.97-m centers), 30 m long. Applications were made on 25 Jun at Armour and on 1 Jul at Redfleld. The granular materials (Study I) were applied from a highboy in a 20-cm band over the whorl with a pneumatic applicator powered by a 3.5-horsepower engine. Granules were metered by Noble metring units driven via chain Irive by a 12 V DC motor. Liquid materials (Study II) were applied with a CO2 backpack sprayer with a hand-held wand. One 1.5 LE nozzle/row delivered 19.5 gal/acre at 15 psi and 3.5 mph. The treatments in Study III were applied through center pivot systems on 26 Jun (Armour) and 4 Jul (Redfleld). A Zimmatic low-pressure irrigation system delivering 0.25 inches of water was used at Armour, and a Valley low-pressure system delivering 0.20 inches of water was used at Redfleld. Treatments (not replicated) consisted of different sized wedges (6-40 acres) of the pivot circle. The treatments in Study IV were applied aerially with a fixed-wing aircraft on 26 Jun. All treatments were applied in 2 adjacent fields and analyzed as 2 replicates of a single experiment. Granular treatments were at least 2 aerial swath widths wide (27 m), and liquid treatments were a single swath in width (15 m). All treatments covered the entire length of the field (minimum 3 acres). Liquid treatments were applied using 3 gal/acre of carrier. Plots from all studies were evaluated 1 month after treatment. Studies I and II were evaluated by splitting stalks from 10 plants showing leaf feeding in each plot and rep. These plants were examined for European corn borer (ECB) cavities (2.5 cm of tunneling equals one cavitiy). Studies III and IV were evaluated by splitting 10 leaf-damaged plants for ECB navities in each of 5 areas within each treatment area.
Early-Season Control of Chinch Bugs in Field Corn with Granular Insecticides, 1987
Authors: Negron Jose F. , Riley Thomas J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Pioneer 3165’ field corn was planted on 7 Apr in loessial silt loam (Gigger-Gilbert complex) at the Macon Ridge branch of the LSU Northeast Research Station. Granular insecticides were applied at planting using a 2-row John Deere Model 71 Flexi-Planter, modified to carry 1-pt jars of insecticide. Jars were inverted above funnels connected by flexible delivery tubes to either a 7-inch band or an in-furrow applicator. The diameter of a single central hole in the lid of each jar, in combination with tractor speed, determined the rate of insecticide flow. Banded insecticides were applied in front of the press wheel and further incorporated by a drag cahin attached to the rear of the planter. A randomized complete block design with 4 replications was used, and each treatment consisted of two 40-ft rows spaced 36 inches apart. Treatments were evaluated 6 May by counting the number of chinch bugs/20 plants, the number of plants infested with nymphs, and stand counts/40 ft of row. After maturity the corn was harvested and data collected on lb of shelled corn per 40 ft of row.
Control of Heliothis Spp. Boll Weevil, Mites, and Aphids with Selected Regular Season Treatments, 1987
Authors: Burris Gene , Graves J. B. , Pavloff A. M. , Leonard B. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'DPL 41' cotton was planted 12 May on a commerce silt loam soil at the Northeast Research Station, St. Joseph, La. Plots were 8 rows (40 inches wide) × 65 ft and were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. All plots received an in-furrow treatment of Temik, 0.5 lb (AI)/acre, and Terraclor Super × fungicide, 0.25 + 1.0 lb (AI)/acre, at planting. Treatments were applied with a high-clearance sprayer equipped with a compressed-air system for spraying small plots, delivering 2.5 gal/acre with 2 X-3 hollow-cone nozzles/row. Applications were made on 15, 20, 27, and 31 Jul and 5 and 14 Aug. Treatment effects on Heliothis spp. and boll weevil were measured by sampling 50 squares/plot. Spider mite and aphid populations were estimated on 8 Aug by randomly collecting 10 leaves (third fully developed terminal leaf) per plot, washing the insects from the leaves onto 300-mesh screens, backwashing them onto lined filter paper (7 cm), and counting them with the aid of a binocular dissecting microscope. Yields were determined by picking the 4 center rows with a mechanical harvester on 21 Sep.
Small Plot Evaluation of UC-84572, Cymbush 3E, and Larvin 3.2F in a Alternation Management Scheme, 1987
Authors: Burris Gene , Graves J. B. , Pavloff A. M. , Leonard B. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cotton was planted 12 May on a commerce silt loam soil at the Northeast Research Station, St, Joseph, La. Plots were 8 rows (40 inches wide) × 65 ft and were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. All plots received an in-furrow treatment of Temik, 0.5 lb (AI)/acre, and Terraclor Super × fungicide, 0.25 + 1.0 lb (AI)/acre, at planting. Treatments were applied with a high-clearance sprayer equipped with a compressed-air system for spraying small plots, delivering 2.5 gal/acre with 2 X-3 hollow-cone nozzles/row. Applications were made on 14, 17, 27, and 31 Jul and 4 and 14 Aug. Treatment effects on Heliothis spp. and boll weevil were measured by sampling 50 squares/plot. Spider mite and aphid populations were estimated on 4 Aug by randomly collecting 10 leaves (third fully developed terminal leaf) per plot, washing the insects from the leaves onto 300-mesh screens, backwashing them onto lined filter paper (7 cm), and counting them with the aid of a binocular dissecting microscope. Yields were determined by picking the 4 center rows with a mechanical harvester on 21 Sep.