bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Escherichia coli ST131 isolated from urological patients can acquire plasmid‐mediated extended spectrum β‐lactamase from other bacteria with high frequency
Authors: Kondo Tsubasa , Sakamoto Kei , Morinaga Yoshitomo , Miyata Yasuyoshi , Yanagihara Katsunori , Sakai Hideki 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of the clonal group Escherichia coli ST131 in urologic patients, and to clarify the mechanisms underlying the high prevalence of the antimicrobial resistant genes in ST131.MethodsWe used 65 Escherichia coli strains collected from the Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Hospital, between January 2018 and December 2018. All of them underwent multilocus sequence typing and were analyzed for genes associated with quinolone resistance and extended‐spectrum β‐lactamases. To compare ST131 and non‐ST131 strains, bacterial conjugation experiments and intestinal colonization evaluations were performed.ResultsST131 was the most dominant among all the strains, along with levofloxacin resistant strains, and extended‐spectrum β‐lactamases positive strains (32%, 63%, and 73%, respectively). 12 out of 15 extended‐spectrum β‐lactamases‐producing Escherichia coli strains harbored CTX‐M‐9. In particular, all extended‐spectrum β‐lactamases‐producing ST131 strains possessed CTX‐M‐9. The proportions of ST131 strains with or without quinolone resistance‐determining region mutations were significantly higher and lower, respectively, than that of non‐ST131 strains (P = 0.0002 and P < 0.0001, respectively). When Klebsiella pneumoniae was used as a donor, three ST131 strains acquired extended‐spectrum β‐lactamases a total of 16 times (six, four, and six times each), which was significantly more than that in one of the non‐ST131 strains (two times). The amount of bacteria was significantly lower in the ST131 strains than in the non‐ST131 strains administered to mice. Both the ST131 and non‐ST131 strains increased again after the administration of vancomycin, even after the colony was not detected.ConclusionsThese results support the mechanisms underlying the prevalence of ST131 strains in hospitals, particularly in urologic patients.
The role of tail network topological characteristic in portfolio selection: ATNA‐PMCmodel
Authors: Li Mengting , Xu Qifa , Jiang Cuixia , Zhao Qinna 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo improve the performance of a large portfolio selection, we consider the effect of tail network and propose a novel tail network‐augmented parametric mean‐conditional value‐at‐risk (CVaR) portfolio selection model labeled as TNA‐PMC. First, we adopt the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator‐quantile vector autoregression (LASSO‐QVAR) approach to construct a tail network. Second, we parameterize the weights of the mean‐CVaR model as a function of asset characteristics. Third, we incorporate the effect of the tail network topological characteristic, namely eigenvector centrality (EC), on the weights to construct the TNA‐PMC model. After that, we apply the model to the empirical analysis on the Shanghai Stock Exchange 50 (SSE50) Index of China from January 2010 to September 2020. Our empirical results illustrate the effectiveness of the TNA‐PMC model in two aspects. First, the TNA‐PMC model clarifies the economic interpretation of the characteristics, such as the negative effective of EC on the portfolio weights. Second, the TNA‐PMC model performs well in terms of achieving diversification and attractive risk‐adjusted return.
Evidence for machine learning guided early prediction of acute outcomes in the treatment of depressed children and adolescents with antidepressants
Authors: Athreya Arjun P. , Vande Voort Jennifer L. , Shekunov Julia , Rackley Sandra J. , Leffler Jarrod M. , McKean Alastair J. , Romanowicz Magdalena , Kennard Betsy D. , Emslie Graham J. , Mayes Taryn , Trivedi Madhukar , Wang Liewei , Weinshilboum Richard M. , Bobo William V. , Croarkin Paul E. 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe treatment of depression in children and adolescents is a substantial public health challenge. This study examined artificial intelligence tools for the prediction of early outcomes in depressed children and adolescents treated with fluoxetine, duloxetine, or placebo.MethodsThe study samples included training datasets (N = 271) from patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) treated with fluoxetine and testing datasets from patients with MDD treated with duloxetine (N = 255) or placebo (N = 265). Treatment trajectories were generated using probabilistic graphical models (PGMs). Unsupervised machine learning identified specific depressive symptom profiles and related thresholds of improvement during acute treatment.ResultsVariation in six depressive symptoms (difficulty having fun, social withdrawal, excessive fatigue, irritability, low self‐esteem, and depressed feelings) assessed with the Children’s Depression Rating Scale‐Revised at 4–6 weeks predicted treatment outcomes with fluoxetine at 10–12 weeks with an average accuracy of 73% in the training dataset. The same six symptoms predicted 10–12 week outcomes at 4–6 weeks in (a) duloxetine testing datasets with an average accuracy of 76% and (b) placebo‐treated patients with accuracies of 67%. In placebo‐treated patients, the accuracies of predicting response and remission were similar to antidepressants. Accuracies for predicting nonresponse to placebo treatment were significantly lower than antidepressants.ConclusionsPGMs provided clinically meaningful predictions in samples of depressed children and adolescents treated with fluoxetine or duloxetine. Future work should augment PGMs with biological data for refined predictions to guide the selection of pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatment in children and adolescents with depression.
What is the relationship between hypoxia, water chemistry and otolith manganese content?
Authors: Jiang Shengjiang , Hong Peiqi , Katayama Satoshi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have shown an increase in otolith Mn caused by exposure to hypoxic water masses. The mechanism leading to the increases in otolith Mn is still unclear, but might possibly be due to the larger amount of available Mn left in the water column under hypoxia. Thus, this study aimed to examine the relationship between hypoxia, water Mn and otolith Mn through marbled flounder (Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae, Günther) captured from Tokyo Bay and reared under different water Mn at laboratory. Otoliths from the Bay showed a higher (Mn/Ca)otolith than outside, together with a seasonal trend of high (Mn/Ca)otolith at the start of translucent zones (which form in the summer), supporting the occurrence of summer hypoxia in Tokyo Bay. Nonetheless, juveniles reared under control (Mn 0.50 μmol l−1), middle (Mn 6.94 μmol l−1) and high (Mn 10.4 μmol l−1) treatments of water Mn concentrations showed a disproportional smaller increase in (Mn/Ca)otolith. Comparing the laboratory experiment with the field data, (Mn/Ca)water under hypoxia in Tokyo Bay could reach a low level similar to control treatment, yet (Mn/Ca)otolith of the Bay showed a higher value than the high treatment. These results revealed an elevated (Mn/Ca)otolith towards hypoxia, but also suggested that changes in water Mn might not be directly recorded by otolith Mn.
Design and development of sub‐baric thermal processer for frying ofGulab jamun: A deep‐fat fried dairy product
Authors: Mahesh Kumar Guruvanna , Ravindra Menon Rekha , Nagajjanavar Kiran , Juvvi Praneeth , Sinha Chitranayak , Manjunatha Mutharayappa , Basava Sharana 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA sub‐baric thermal processor (SBTP) was conceptualized, designed by 3D modeling and simulation for von mises stress analysis, deformation, and factor of safety. The auxiliary system components like electrical heater, surface condenser, vacuum pump, and frying cage with tiered trays were selected based on the design for a flexible capacity to prepare fried snack products and were integrated into the system for smooth functioning. Essential mechanical movements of the frying cage were controlled by frequency‐controlled planetary gear motor along with pneumatic system for rotary and vertical movements. The design concept was transformed into process, instrumentation, and manufacturing drawings. The fully automatic, microcontroller based, skid mounted, mobile SBTP was fabricated asper c‐GMP and 3‐A hygiene fabrication standards. Based on von mises stress analysis (135.79 MPa), the SBTP was fabricated from 4‐mm thick, food grade, acid‐resistant AISI‐316 stainless steel to withstand high vacuum environment. The factor of safety obtained was 1.50, which implies that vacuum vessel can practically withstand a stress up to 205 MPa. The operating process parameters of SBTP, temperature, process time, and pressure were controlled by custom‐made microcontrollers, programmed to work in auto mode. The rotation of frying basket was varied by inverter‐controlled variable frequency gear motor. The basket hoist mechanism was automated and controlled by microcontroller. Results showed that the sub‐baric product had lower oil content (22.74%) and the use of leavening agent could be eliminated due to the development of adequate porosity during sub‐baric frying. Sub‐baric friedGulab jamunballs at 118°C, 5 min and 48 kPa had a color comparable to the conventional fried balls (140°C, 5 min, 101 kPa) with a browning index of 164/94 and 169/103, respectively, for crust/crumb. From the above results, it concluded that sub‐baric thermal process is a potential alternative technique, which could be adopted by the dairy and food industry for the production of low‐fat dairy and food products.Practical ApplicationsThe developed sub‐baric thermal processer would lead to innovation, which can conveniently replace the conventional frying and soaking process with savings in use of frying oil and could also be applicable to similar other frying applications in the food processing industry especially in the preparation of snack products.
A Dilemma between Liquidity Regulation and Monetary Policy: Some History and Theory
Authors: MONNET ERIC , VARI MIKLOS 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHistory suggests a conflict between current Basel III liquidity ratios and monetary policy, which we call the liquidity regulation dilemma. Although forgotten, liquidity ratios, named “securities‐reserve requirements,” were widely used historically, but for monetary policy (not regulatory) reasons, as central bankers recognized the contractionary effects of these ratios. We build a model rationalizing historical policies: a tighter ratio reduces the quantity of assets that banks can pledge as collateral, thus increasing interest rates. Tighter liquidity regulation paradoxically increases the need for central bank's interventions. Liquidity ratios were also used to keep yields on government bonds low when monetary policy tightened.
Submental fat reduction using sequential treatment approach with cryolipolysis and ATX‐101
Authors: Jalian H. Ray , Fitzgerald Rebecca , Bowen Beta , Gamio Sylvia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSubmental fat (SMF) detracts from facial aesthetics and negatively impacts self‐image.AimsTo evaluate safety, effectiveness, and satisfaction of cryolipolysis and ATX‐101 used sequentially to reduce SMF.MethodsA prospective, open‐label, interventional, single‐site study enrolling 22‐ to 65‐year‐old participants rated as Grade 4 (extreme) on the Clinician‐Rated SMF Rating Scale (CR‐SMFRS). Co‐primary effectiveness endpoints were proportions of participants with ≥1‐grade and ≥2‐grade improvement on CR‐SMFRS at 12 weeks post final treatment. Additional assessments included ultrasound measurement of fat thickness and Subject Self‐Rating Scale (SSRS) scores at 12 weeks post final treatment. Safety was assessed throughout the study.ResultsOf 16 enrolled participants, 62.5% were female, mean age of 43, and mean body mass index of 31.8 kg/m2. 100% of participants achieved ≥1‐grade improvement, and 71.4% achieved ≥2‐grade CR‐SMFRS improvement. Mean (SD) reduction in SMF thickness was 0.2 mm (1.3), and SSRS scores ≥4 (slightly to extremely satisfied) were reported by 71.4% of participants. Adverse events (AEs) were mild and resolved by study end. No unanticipated adverse device effects or serious or unexpected AEs occurred.ConclusionSequential treatment with cryolipolysis and ATX‐101 was found safe and effective for reducing extreme SMF, resulting in approximately a 2‐grade improvement.
Management of relapsed gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: What can help to reduce the re‐recurrence rate?
Authors: Wang Xingran , Cheng Yu , Li Wenzhi , Mao Runye , Zhu Tingting , Lu Jiaqi , Yue Xiaoni , Lu Xin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimTo explore the risk factors for re‐recurrence in relapsed gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) and therapeutic approaches to reduce the re‐recurrence rate.MethodsData of relapsed GTN treated in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2020, were reviewed retrospectively. Risk factors associated with re‐recurrence were analyzed using Logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 39 relapsed GTN patients were included in our study. At the time of the first relapse, 14 patients received single‐agent chemotherapy and 25 patients received multi‐agent chemotherapy. Surgery was performed in 19 patients. Complete remission was achieved in all of the patients. Re‐recurrence occurred in 21 patients. Univariate analysis suggested that unifocal recurrence was the only factor significantly associated with re‐recurrence (OR = 0.25, p = 0.04). Recurrence pattern‐based subgroup analysis showed that the proportion of re‐recurrence was lower in patients who received both surgery and chemotherapy compared to those who received only chemotherapy in the unifocal recurrence group (3/11 vs. 2/4), but not in the non‐unifocal recurrence group (7/8 vs. 9/16). The results of the multivariate analysis showed that there was no significant difference in re‐recurrence rates between the surgical approaches and that the non‐unifocal recurrence pattern was an independent risk factor for re‐recurrence.ConclusionsFor relapsed GTN with unifocal recurrence pattern, surgical removal of the lesion can effectively reduce the re‐recurrence rate.
Harmony and Aversion in the Face of a Pandemic1
Authors: Hitokoto Hidefumi , Adeclas Joane 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhile the survival function of culture against infectious disease has been investigated, little is known about its psychological processes under the real‐world threat of infection. Here, we compare the subjective COVID‐19‐related symptoms of Japanese and French adults during the spring of 2021. We tested two regression models describing the downregulation of symptoms by germ aversion, and by interdependent happiness, together with relational mobility and demographics. We regard germ aversion as an individualized fending‐off process marked by discomfort with the general other in the face of possible infection. We regard interdependent happiness as a relational safeguarding process against possible infection. Results suggest that the effect of germ aversion differed across nations, negatively explaining symptoms in Japan but not in France, and that the effect of interdependent happiness was shared. A possible psychological mechanism whereby collectivist culture suppresses infection in the face of the pandemic is discussed.
The relationships between sleep disturbance and falls: A systematic review
Authors: Knechel Nancy A. , Chang Pei‐Shiun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this systematic review was to examine critically the literature that addresses the association between sleep disturbance and falls. Electronic databases OVID MEDLINE, PubMed, and CINAHL were searched using MeSH terms “sleep” and “accidental falls.” Search limits included adults, humans, and English. The articles selected for the final sample were assessed for methodological quality. Eleven key attributes of sleep disturbance were extracted. The search yielded 177 articles from OVID MEDLINE, 124 from PubMed, and 46 from CINAHL. The final sample included 42 papers. The mean methodological quality score was 7.5 (range 2–10). Those who self‐report >11 h or ≤5 h of nocturnal sleep duration may have a greater fall risk, but variations in cutoff points, study designs, and data collection methods contribute to difficulty in comparing study results. Subjective sleep fragmentation is associated with falls. The few studies on obstructive sleep apnea and insomnia demonstrate evidence of an increased risk for falls. It remains unclear whether daytime sleepiness, self‐reported sleep quality, snoring, or napping are associated with falls, since some but not all studies demonstrate an association and the study quality did not differ.
Role of the FnIII domain associated with a cell wall‐degrading enzyme cellobiosidase of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
Authors: Nathawat Rajkanwar , Maku Roshan V. , Patel Hitendra K. , Sankaranarayanan Rajan , Sonti Ramesh V. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCellobiosidase (CbsA) is an important secreted virulence factor of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), which causes bacterial blight of rice. CbsA is one of several cell wall‐degrading enzymes secreted by Xoo via the type II secretion system (T2SS). CbsA is considered a fundamental virulence factor for vascular pathogenesis. CbsA has an N‐terminal glycosyl hydrolase domain and a C‐terminal fibronectin type III (FnIII) domain. Interestingly, the secreted form of CbsA lacks the FnIII domain during in planta growth. Here we show that the presence of the FnIII domain inhibits the enzyme activity of CbsA on polysaccharide substrates like carboxymethylcellulose. The FnIII domain is required for the interaction of CbsA with SecB chaperone, and this interaction is crucial for the stability and efficient transport of CbsA across the inner membrane. Deletion of the FnIII domain reduced virulence similar to ΔcbsA Xoo, which corroborates the importance of the FnIII domain in CbsA. Our work elucidates a hitherto unknown function of the FnIII domain in enabling the virulence‐promoting activity of CbsA.
Additional burdens of family caregivers during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative analysis of social media in Germany
Authors: Fieselmann Jana , Wahidie Diana , Yilmaz‐Aslan Yüce , Brzoska Patrick 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCaregiving is associated with various burdens for family caregivers. The COVID‐19 pandemic and the protective measures implemented to restrict public life, such as social distancing and the closure of services and educational institutions, add further challenges. Little is known about how they are perceived by family caregivers. Based on an analysis of German social media posts, the aim of this study was to explore the additional strains family caregivers experience during the pandemic. The websites of three social media services were searched using the respective search engines provided by the websites. Data from a 10‐month period (March to December 2020) were identified and examined. A total of 237 publicly available posts were included in the analysis. Seven main categories were identified using a thematic approach: care and support, deterioration of the condition of the person being cared for, psychological challenges, financial challenges, infection control, access to protective equipment, and acknowledgement of family caregivers. Family caregivers are affected by additional burdens during the pandemic, which makes the development of support and relief services tailored to this population group necessary.
Identification of research priorities of radiography science: A modified Delphi study in Europe
Authors: Törnroos Sanna , Pasanen Miko , Leino‐Kilpi Helena , Metsälä Eija 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRadiography science is a new discipline among health sciences. It is a discipline that investigates phenomena in medical imaging, radiation therapy, and nuclear medicine. It has merged from the need to provide research evidence to support these services. The domain of the discipline needs clarification and more research should be focused on its paradigmatic issues. Radiography research priorities have been previously charted on a national level in different countries but the viewpoint has been that of the needs of the profession, not of the discipline. This study aimed to identify the priorities of the discipline. The method chosen was a modified version of the Delphi technique with two rounds. The expert panel consisted of 24 European radiography researchers with long professional experience. This study shows that the research priorities in radiography science are related to the phenomena of radiographers' profession, clinical practices, and the safe and high‐quality use of radiation and technology for medical imaging, radiotherapy, and nuclear medicine. Identifying these priorities can help focus research onto most important topics and clarify disciplinary perspective.
Plant responses to multifactorial stress combination
Authors: Zandalinas Sara I. , Mittler Ron 
Published: March 2022

SummaryHuman activity is causing a global change in plant environment that includes a significant increase in the number and intensity of different stress factors. These include combinations of multiple abiotic and biotic stressors that simultaneously or sequentially impact plants and microbiomes, causing a significant decrease in plant growth, yield and overall health. It was recently found that with the increasing number and complexity of stressors simultaneously impacting a plant, plant growth and survival decline dramatically, even if the level of each individual stress, involved in such ‘multifactorial stress combination’, is low enough not to have a significant effect. Here we highlight this new concept of multifactorial stress combination and discuss its importance for our efforts to develop climate change‐resilient crops.
Sr‐O‐C isotope signatures reveal herbivore niche‐partitioning in a Cretaceous ecosystem
Authors: Cullen Thomas M. , Zhang Shuangquan , Spencer Joseph , Cousens Brian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStable and radiogenic isotopes represent powerful tools for reconstructing ecological and environmental patterns in ancient ecosystems. The Cretaceous of North America preserves a diverse record of fossil vertebrates well‐suited to analysis using these proxies, contained within many well‐sampled and stratigraphically well‐characterized intervals. Multiple hypotheses have been offered to explain the diverse assemblages of megaherbivores that co‐occurred in the relatively restricted available landmass here, including various forms of niche‐partitioning related to habitat preference, dietary specialization and feeding height stratification. Here we analyse the 87Sr/86Sr, δ13C and δ18O of bioapatite samples obtained from a range of herbivores, faunivores and endemic taxa, from a spatiotemporally‐constrained and intensively‐sampled site in the upper Oldman Formation, to test if megaherbivores partitioned their niches based on spatial patterns of occupation and resource‐use. We also compare measured strontium values to regional 87Sr/86Sr data to assess biogeographical range sizes, habitat breadth and migration potential. We find that hadrosaurs had broad ranges, whereas ankylosaurs and ceratopsids were more spatially restricted. The 87Sr/86Sr ranges of hadrosaurs are much wider and do not overlap with those of other ornithischians, potentially related to dietary differences driven by a combination of feeding height‐stratification and habitat breadth differences. Ankylosaurs and ceratopsids overlapped extensively in 87Sr/86Sr, δ13C and δ18O, indicating overlap in the same habitats and intake of similar resources, and suggesting more complex spatiotemporal variation in resource‐use patterns, fine‐scale dietary differences, and/or sufficient resource‐availability to reduce the degree of competition given this theoretical niche overlap. Additional analyses integrating ecomorphological proxies may elucidate these patterns further.