bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracting information from X-ray diffraction patterns containing Laue oscillations
Authors: Miller Aaron M. , Lemon Mellie , Choffel Marisa A. , Rich Sarah R. , Harvel Fischer , Johnson David C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The presence of Laue oscillations in a film grown on a solid surface is broadly taken as indicating a high quality, crystallographically aligned film of the targeted compound. In this paper we briefly review the origins of both Laue oscillations and Kiessig fringes and show how they can be used together to determine if extra thickness exists above or below the coherently diffracting domains. The differences between experimental and “ideal” films are discussed and the effect of structural features (roughness, different thickness coherently diffracting domains and thickness in addition to the coherently diffracting domains) are illustrated with experimental and simulated data for metal and mixed-metal chalcogenide films of titanium, bismuth, vanadium/iron, and bismuth/molybdenum. Examples are given showing how quantitative information can be extracted from experimental diffraction patterns.
Wissensbasierte Simulation innovativer Prozeßketten
Authors: Menzel Thomas , Hein Philipp , Gfirtner Hans 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Mit der Einführung neuer Fertigungstechnologien wird ein hohes Potential zur effizienteren Herstellung hochwertiger Produkte verbunden. Dennoch hemmen hohe Investitionskosten und das mangelnde Wissen über die wirtschaftliche Effizienz des neuen Fertigungsprozesses oftmals die schnelle Umsetzung. Diesem Defizit an Wissen soll durch ein Simulationssystem entgegengewirkt werden, mit dessen Hilfe eine virtuelle Prozeßkette simuliert und hinsichtlich ihrer Nutzeffekte vorab bewertet werden kann.
Systemübergreifende Features unterstützen Prozeßketten*
Authors: Anderl Reiner , Claassen Erik 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
CAx-Prozeßketten können effizienter betrieben werden, wenn der Informationsfluß aus semantisch höherwertigeren Informationen aufgebaut wird. Eine systemübergreifende Featuretechnologie liefert einen Ansatz, prozeßübergreifendes Wissen anwendungsbezogen zu interpretieren und damit das Leistungsprofil der Prozeßketten zu verbessern.
Assessment Criteria for Pop-Ins Generated in Welded Joints Subjected to Fracture Toughness Testing
Authors: Kanna Sohei , Yamashita Yoichi , Kawabata Tomoya 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A pop-in (a brittle crack arrest phenomenon) sometimes occurs in a three-point bending fracture toughness test of a welded joint. The current standards may consider a pop-in to be a significant fracture and underestimate fracture toughness. In this case, the allowable defect size in a welded structure becomes very small, and many defects need to be repaired, resulting in high maintenance costs. Therefore, a reasonable acceptance judgment method for the pop-in is practically important. Herein we proposed an assessment method to determine whether or not it is a significantly detrimental pop-in that affects the integrity of a structure. The method was designed based on the cohesive zone model and validated on its ability to reproduce experimental results. The difference in loading modes between bending during the fracture toughness test and tension of the structure and in the crack initiation conditions for both load modes was determined by comparing the Weibull stress, which is a characteristic of the material. All the main fracture surfaces of the numerical model were cohesive and had conservatively low toughness. No pop-in occurred under tensile loading under a Weibull stress condition of 13.1 % load drop, whereas a pop-in occurred under bending loading. However, under a load drop of 10.6 %, a pop-in occurred even under tensile loading. Therefore, it was shown that the load drop could be relaxed to 10 % or more, although the load drop is considered insignificant at 5 % or more according to the current standards.
Insulin-like growth factor role in determining the anti-cancer effect of metformin: RCT in prostate cancer patients
Authors: Birzniece Vita , Lam Teresa , McLean Mark , Reddy Navneeta , Shahidipour Haleh , Hayden Amy , Gurney Howard , Stone Glenn , Hjortebjerg Rikke , Frystyk Jan 
Published: March 2022

Objective
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), a principal therapy in patients with prostate cancer, is associated with the development of obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperinsulinemia. Recent evidence indicates that metformin may slow cancer progression and improves survival in prostate cancer patients, but the mechanism is not well understood. Circulating insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are bound to high-affinity binding proteins, which not only modulate the bioavailability and signalling of IGFs but also have independent actions on cell growth and survival. The aim of this study was to investigate whether metformin modulates IGFs, IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), and the pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) – stanniocalcin 2 (STC2) axis.

Design and methods
In a blinded, randomised, cross-over design, 15 patients with prostate cancer on stable ADT received metformin and placebo treatment for 6 weeks each. Glucose metabolism along with circulating IGFs and IGFBPs was assessed.

Results
Metformin significantly reduced the homeostasis model assessment as an index of insulin resistance (HOMA IR) and hepatic insulin resistance. Metformin also reduced circulating IGF-2 (P  < 0.05) and IGFBP-3 (P  < 0.01) but increased IGF bioactivity (P  < 0.05). At baseline, IGF-2 correlated significantly with the hepatic insulin resistance (r2= 0.28, P  < 0.05). PAPP-A remained unchanged but STC2 declined significantly (P  < 0.05) following metformin administration. During metformin treatment, change in HOMA IR correlated with the change in STC2 (r2= 0.35, P  < 0.05).

Conclusion
Metformin administration alters many components of the circulating IGF system, either directly or indirectly via improved insulin sensitivity. Reduction in IGF-2 and STC2 may provide a novel mechanism for a potential metformin-induced antineoplastic effect.
Thyroid eye disease with concurrent orbital lymphoma: a radiological surprise
Authors: Das Liza , Singh Usha , Malhotra Bhanu , Bhadada Sanjay Kumar , Rastogi Pulkit , Singh Paramjeet , Dutta Pinaki , Tadepalli Sameeksha 
Published: March 2022

Summary
Thyroid eye disease (TED) is the most common extra-thyroidal manifestation in Graves’ disease (GD). Additional/concurrent/synchronous pathologies may be present, especially in elderly patients who present with atypical features such as non-axial (or eccentric) proptosis, absence of lid lag and restricted superior extra-ocular movements. A 70-year-old female presented with progressive proptosis of her left eye and diplopia. She was diagnosed with GD a year prior and initiated on carbimazole. On examination, she had eccentric proptosis, restricted superior extra-ocular movements and a palpable mass in the supero-temporal quadrant of the left eye. Her T3 (1.33 ng/mL) and T4 (8.85 µg/dL) were normal with carbimazole. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-receptor antibody was positive (3.15 IU/L, reference range <1.75). MRI revealed an enhancing lesion infiltrating the left superior rectus, with concurrent characteristic muscle belly involvement bilaterally. Orbital biopsy showed atypical lymphoid cells (CD20+), suggesting marginal zone lymphoma. CT thorax and abdomen, fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography and bone marrow examination were normal. The patient was administered orbital radiotherapy for her localised lymphoma and carbimazole was continued. TED is the most common cause of orbital involvement overall and in GD. However, additional or alternative pathology may be present which requires evaluation. MRI can be a useful adjunct in these patients. Orbital lymphoma needs to be staged with workup for disseminated disease. Radiotherapy is the treatment of choice for localized disease. The index case provides evidence for synchronous presentation of dual pathology and highlights the importance of astute clinical examination as well as keeps a low threshold for MRI in selected cases.

Learning points

Thyroid eye disease can co-exist with other ocular pathology, especially in elderly individuals.

Eccentric proptosis, absent lid lag and restriction of eye movements (suggesting tendon involvement) should alert towards the presence of alternative pathology.

Orbital imaging using MRI not only has greater sensitivity in diagnosing radiologically bilateral disease in patients who have unilateral involvement clinically but is also useful to identify concurrent neoplasms.
Efficacy and safety of larotrectinib in patients with TRK fusion-positive thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Waguespack Steven G , Drilon Alexander , Lin Jessica J , Brose Marcia S , McDermott Ray , Almubarak Mohammed , Bauman Jessica , Casanova Michela , Krishnamurthy Anuradha , Kummar Shivaani , Leyvraz Serge , Oh Do-Youn , Park Keunchil , Sohal Davendra , Sherman Eric , Norenberg Ricarda , Silvertown Josh D , Brega Nicoletta , Hong David S , Cabanillas Maria E 
Published: March 2022

Objective
Larotrectinib is a highly selective tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) inhibitor with demonstrated efficacy across various TRK fusion-positive solid tumours. We assessed the efficacy and safety of larotrectinib in patients with TRK fusion-positive thyroid carcinoma (TC).

Methods
We pooled data from three phase I/II larotrectinib clinical trials (NCT02576431, NCT02122913, and NCT02637687). The primary endpoint was the investigator-assessed objective response rate (ORR) per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors v1.1. Secondary endpoints included duration of response (DoR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. Data cut-off: July 2020.

Results
Twenty-nine patients (median age: 60; range: 6–80) with TRK fusion-positive TC were treated. Tumour histology was papillary (PTC) in 20 (69%) patients, follicular (FTC) in 2 (7%), and anaplastic (ATC) in 7 (24%) patients. Among 28 evaluable patients, ORR was 71% (95% CI: 51–87); best responses were complete response in 2 (7%) patients, partial response in 18 (64%), stable disease in 4 (14%), progressive disease in 3 (11%), and undetermined in 1 (4%) due to clinical progression prior to the first post-baseline assessment. ORR was 86% (95% CI: 64–97) for PTC/FTC and 29% (95% CI 4–71) for ATC. Median time to response was 1.87 months (range 1.64–3.68). The 24-month DoR, PFS, and OS rates were 81, 69, and 76%, respectively. Treatment-related adverse events were mainly grades 1–2.

Conclusion
In TRK fusion-positive TC, larotrectinib demonstrates rapid and durable disease control and a favourable safety profile in patients with advanced disease requiring systemic therapy.

Significance statement
NTRK gene fusions are known oncogenic drivers and have been identified in various histologies of thyroid carcinoma, most commonly in papillary thyroid carcinoma. This is the first publication specifically studying a TRK inhibitor in a cohort of TRK fusion-positive thyroid carcinoma patients. In the current study, the highly selective TRK inhibitor larotrectinib showed durable antitumour efficacy and a favourable safety profile in patients with TRK fusion-positive thyroid carcinoma. Our findings show that patients with advanced non-medullary thyroid carcinoma who may require systemic therapy could be considered for testing for gene fusions by next-generation sequencing.
Islam y Musulmanes (y no solo) vistos por peregrinos en los diarios del siglo XV
Authors: Borghi Beatrice 
Published: March 2022

La movilidad de peregrinos, cruzados y comerciantes de la "Edad Media" ayudó a recopilar y difundir informaciones sobre contextos ambientales y humanos, pero, al mismo tiempo, contribuyó a la construcción de un estereotipo predominante en el pensamiento occidental y en la percepción del "otro" musulmán. Los lugares de las regiones atravesadas eran para los peregrinos áreas inseparables de la sacralidad del país y representaban la frontera con el contexto humano que pertenecía al mundo profano e infiel. Las peregrinationes que nos han llegado parecen moverse en dos niveles paralelos: tradición e innovación. A partir de los diarios de peregrinación a Tierra Santa a finales del Medioevo, se presentan las representaciones de los musulmanes y del Islam, identificando las persistencias de la cultura milenaria y los cambios producidos a partir de la verdadera curiosidad por conocer y comprender al “otro”. Se prestará atención al diario de viaje de Anselmo Adorno (1470-1471).
Evaluation of Customized Peripheral Sealing Device Acceptance for Surgical/Medical Masks Among Dental Professionals during Early COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Roque-Torres Gina , Kim Jessica , Costa Eliana Dantas , Oyoyo Udochukwu 
Published: March 2022

A 3-dimensional (3D) printed custom-frame can improve the peripheral seal of readily available surgical/medical masks. This study aimed to assess the acceptance of a 3D-printed custom-frame with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) surgical/medical masks and the use of a face shield. A total of 206 subjects from a dental school participated, who answered a multiple-choice questionnaire. Participants received an invitation through the institutional email of the school via Qualtrics platform. 3D printed custom-frames were fabricated for each participant. According to their response, participants were divided into 4 groups: mask only (M), mask and frame (MF), mask and face shield (MFS), and all 3 personal protective equipment (MFFS). Data was analyzed in absolute and relative frequency. The acceptance of a 3D-printed custom-frame in the group MFFS varied between “poor”/’’very poor” (44.7%). It allowed “good” performance of routine procedures (40.3%), but “poor” visual quality (48.1%). Musculoskeletal tolerance and ease to perform movements were adequate. There was no interference in olfactory sensitivity (44.7%) or in the ability to breathe (34.5%). Finally, it showed "moderate pain" (48.1%) on the ear and "no pain" (38.9%) on the head. The 3D-printed custom-frame adapted to ASTM surgical/medical face masks showed reasonable tolerance. Side effects of ear pain ranging in degrees were noted. Further research is indicated to evaluate safety, comfort, compliance, side effects, and occupational hazards of long-term use of enhanced PPE recommendations.Avoiding the recurrent outbreaks of COVID-19, the use of PPE by the public is necessary. Improper PPE use is a major source of concern for human and environmental health. Preventing such activities can be done by following steps involved in PPE disposals or by getting a new way to re-use such as improving peripherical sealing. Our work highlights that a custom-frame can improve protection, without adverse effects.
PELAYANAN GURU BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING DALAM MENGATASI KESULITAN BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK KELAS VII MTsN 3 PESISIR SELATAN
Authors: Fauzy Rahmat , Zeky Asri Atuz 
Published: March 2022

Permasalahan di lapangan terlihat masih banyak peserta didik yang mendapatkan nilai rendah, kurang memperhatikan penjelasan guru dengan baik, tidak mengerjakan tugas-tugas, serta kurang lengkapnya catatan yang mereka miliki, bahkan ada yang berani tidak masuk kelas saat proses belajar mengajar berlangsung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelayanan guru bimbingan dan konseling dalam mengatasi kesulitan belajar peserta didik kelas VII di MTsN 3 Pesisir Selatan. Menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif yaitu menggambarkan apa adanya tentang pelayanan guru bimbingan dan konseling dalam mengatasi kesulitan belajar peserta didik kelas VII di MTsN 3 Pesisir Selatan. Sumber data ditentukan secara purposive sampling. Alat pengumpul data yaitu wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa layanan konseling individual, konseling kelompok dan layanan penguasaan konten yang dilakukan guru bimbingan dan konseling dapat mengatasi kesulitan belajar peserta didik walaupun masih terdapat beberapa kekurangan. Pelayanan tersebut dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan religius, metodenya memberikan layanan dengan format klasikal, format kelompok dan format individual. Keberhasilan layanan tersebut dapat terlihat dari perubahan yang terjadi pada peserta didik. Peserta didik terlihat lebih aktif dalam belajar, berkonsentrasi dalam belajar, bisa memahami pelajaran yang diberikan terutama pada mata pelajaran SKI, Bahasa Inggris, PKN dan IPS.
FASILITAS BELAJAR DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK KELAS VIII MTsN 6 KOTA PADANG
Authors: Yahya Irfan Muhammad , Zulmuqim Zulmuqim , Mardison Safri 
Published: March 2022

MTsN 6 Kota Padang memiliki fasilitas belajar yang cukup memadai untuk menunjang prestasi belajar namun belum dimanfaatkan secara semaksimal mungkin oleh peserta didik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara fasilitas belajar dengan prestasi belajar peserta didik kelas VIII di MTsN 6 Kota Padang. Penelitian mengunakan metode kuantitatif korelasional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas VIII di MTsN 6 Kota Padang dengan jumlah 505 orang dan jumlah sampel 83 orang yang di ambil dengan penggunaan random sampling. Penelitian ini mengunakan kuesioner atau angket sebagai instrumen penelitian. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa (1) Fasilitas belajar di MTsN 6 Kota Padang di kategorikan sedang dengan persentase 30,12%. (2) Prestasi belajar peserta didik kelas VIII di MTsN 6 Kota Padang dikategorikan tinggi dengan persentase 32,53%. (3) Berdasarkan nilai Koefisien Kolerasi “r” Product Moment dari pengolahan data penelitian diperoleh r xy (0,470) lebih besar dari r tabel (0,283) pada taraf signifikan 5% maka berarti terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dan positif antara fasilitas belajar dengan prestasi belajar, dimana semakin tinggi dimanfaatkan fasilitas belajar maka semakin tinggi prestasi belajar peserta didik kelas VIII di MTsN 6 Kota Padang.
A preoperatív biliáris sztent hatása a posztoperatív szövődményekre hasnyálmirigyfej-daganat miatt végzett reszekciós műtéteink kapcsán
Authors: Trepák Kornélia , Vajda Kornél , Albert Emőke , Horti Ildikó , Sikorszki László 
Published: March 2022

Bevezetés
Pankreászfejtumorok következtében kialakult elzáródásos sárgaság miatt gyakran preoperatív epeúti sztent kerül behelyezésre, ez azonban szövődmény forrása is lehet.

Anyag és módszer
Retrospektív módon elemeztük az osztályunkon 2017. 10. 01. és 2019. 12. 31. közötti időszakban pankreásztumor miatt végzett műtéteinket a preoperatív sztenttel összefüggő mortalitás és morbiditás tekintetében. Vizsgáltuk a multirezisztens baktériumok és a műtéti epemintában előforduló kórokozók spektrumát.

Eredmények
Nyolcvanöt betegnél történt pankreásztumor miatt műtét, ebből 63 pankreászfej reszekció, 3 disztális reszekció, 19 palliáció. A 63 fejreszekción átesett beteg adatait elemeztük. 31 esetben nyitott, 4 esetben laparoszkópos konvertált, míg 28 esetben laparoszkópos műtétet végeztünk. A 36 sztentelt beteg közül 24 férfi (átlagéletkoruk 65,0 év) és 12 nő (átlagéletkoruk 64,0 év) volt. A 27 nem sztentelt beteg közül 14 férfi (átlagéletkoruk 67,9 év) és 13 nő (átlagéletkoruk 58 év) volt. A sztentelt csoportban az epetenyésztés 30/36 (83%), míg a nem sztentelt csoportban 13/27 (48%) esetben bizonyult pozitívnak (P = 0,005). A három leggyakrabban előforduló baktérium mindkét csoportban az Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumonie voltak, ezt követte a Candida gomba előfordulása. A sztentelt csoportban 8 esetben multirezisztens baktérium előfordulását is észleltük (22,2%). Hat ESBL-termelő baktérium (P = 0,033) és 2 VRE (vancomycin rezisztens törzs) (P = 0,5) volt. A sztentelt csoportból 3, a nem sztentelt csoportból 2 beteget veszítettünk el 30 napon belül. A szövődmények közül a sztentelt-nem sztentelt csoportokban a sebfertőzés 4/0, vérzés 6/2, pankreászsipoly 2/2 és hasüregi tályog 2/3 arányban fordultak elő. Az átlagos ápolási idő a sztentelt csoportban 19,47, a nem sztentelt csoportban 14,62 nap volt (P = 0,14).

Konklúzió
Tekintettel arra, hogy az epeúti sztent megváltoztatja a baktériumflórát, fontos az ennek megfelelő antibiotikus profilaxis megválasztása a morbiditás csökkentésére. Eredményeink és az irodalom alapján is enterococcus és ESBL-termelő törzs ellen is hatásos antibiotikum javasolt. A gomba elleni profilaxis megfontolandó, különösen immunszupprimált esetben. Javasolt továbbá az antibiotikus rezisztencia folyamatos követése.
The Words ‘Laughter’ and ‘Laugh’ in a selection of The English and Scottish Popular Ballads
Authors: ROUSE Andrew C. 
Published: March 2022

This paper wittily addresses the theme of laughing and laughter in eight ballads selected from Volume 1 of Gutenberg's three volume collection of English and Scottish Popular Ballads, including Lady Isabel and the Elf-Knight, The Cruel Brothers, The Boy and the Mantle, The Laidley Worm, Clark Colven, The Broomfield Hill, King John and the Bishop and Captain Wedderburn’s Courtship, with a variety of other intertextual references. Drawing simultaneously on the two most comprehensive collections of English and Scottish Ballads: Francis James Child's and Steve Roud's, the paper demonstrates that laughter in ballads is "no laughing matter", and, indeed, the balladic laughter, no to be mistaken for (s)laughter, due to its social context of mediaeval times, prevails in various shades of negativity, as corroborated by Norbert Elias's sociological theory of laughter and Anca Parvulescu's study thereof. The paper provides a unique insight into the both merry and mirthless laughter prompted by a modern reading of English and Scottish folk ballads in today's cosmopolitan context.
Einsamkeit im Zwischenraum (Vor der Zunahme der Zeichen von Senthuran Varatharajah)
Authors: Majkiewicz Anna 
Published: March 2022

Der virtuelle Raum wird in der Gegenwartsliteratur zu einem Ort des Erzählens. Am Beispiel des Debütromans Vor der Zunahme der Zeichen von Senthuran Varatharajah, einem deutschen Schriftsteller sri-lankischer Herkunft, wird erörtert, welche Art von Beziehungen, die in einer neuen Gemeinschaft aufgebaut werden können, die Protagonisten während ihrer Erzählungen zur Sprache bringen.
Improvement of Qualitative and Quantitative Aspects of the Sports Performance of Young Players Through High Intensity Interval Training
Authors: D’Isanto Tiziana , Di Domenico Felice , Sannicandro Italo , D’Elia Francesca 
Published: March 2022

Objective. One of the most widely used training methodologies in football is high intensity interval training (HIIT), which aims to improve performance through training sessions characterised by exercises that involve alternating percentage load intensity. In the literature, although there are studies that demonstrate the effectiveness of HIIT in improving quantitative aspects, i.e. different expressions of strength, there are not as many studies that attest to the same effectiveness in improving qualitative components, i.e. elements related to the precision of specific football gestures.
The study purpose was to verify whether the application of a specific HIIT protocol for football over a given period of time can be equally effective in simultaneously improving the quantitative and precision components.
Materials and methods. The sample analysed consisted of 16 movement players from the ASD Nuova Antoniana sports club, aged between 14 and 15 years. The sample was subjected to a mesocycle of training lasting 8 weeks characterised by the HIIT methodology. Before and after this period, data were collected by means of a battery of tests aimed at assessing rapid, explosive, fast and resistant strength, and passing and shooting skills: the parameters relating to expressions of strength were assessed by means of quantitative tests specific to each parameter; passing and shooting skills were assessed by means of accuracy score tests (from 0 to 4 according to accuracy).
Results. The results showed an improvement in all tested parameters (p ≤ 0.05). Therefore, the effectiveness of the protocol in improving football performance in terms of quantity and accuracy is confirmed.
Conclusions. This study has increased knowledge of the effects of the HIIT protocol on the performance of young football players.