bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of arrhythmia in 12-lead varied-length ECG using multi-branch signal fusion network
Authors: Dong Yanfang , Cai Wenqiang , Qiu Lishen , Guo Yunbo , Chen Yuhang , Zhang Miao , Wang Duoduo , Zhang Huimin , Wang Lirong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective. Automatic detection of arrhythmia based on electrocardiogram (ECG) plays a critical role in early prevention and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. With the increase in widely available digital ECG data and the development of deep learning, multi-class arrhythmia classification based on automatic feature extraction of ECG has become increasingly attractive. However, the majority of studies cannot accept varied-length ECG signals and have limited performance in detecting multi-class arrhythmias. Approach. In this study, we propose a multi-branch signal fusion network (MBSF-Net) for multi-label classification of arrhythmia in 12-lead varied-length ECG. Our model utilizes the complementary power between different structures, which include Inception with depthwise separable convolution (DWS-Inception), spatial pyramid pooling (SPP) Layer, and multi-scale fusion Resnet (MSF-Resnet). The proposed method can extract features from each lead of 12-lead ECG recordings separately and then effectively fuse the features of each lead by integrating multiple convolution kernels with different receptive fields, which can achieve the information of complementation between different angles of the ECG signal. In particular, our model can accept 12-lead ECG signals of arbitrary length. Main results. The experimental results show that our model achieved an overall classification F1 score of 83.8% in the 12-lead ECG data of CPSC-2018. In addition, the F1 score of the MBSF-Net performed best among the MBF-Nets which are removed the SPP layer from MBSF-Net. In comparison with the latest ECG classification algorithms, the proposed model can be applied in varied-length signals and has an excellent performance, which not only can fully retain the integrity of the original signals, but also eliminates the cropping/padding signal beforehand when dealing with varied-length signal database. Significance. MBSF-Net provides an end-to-end multi-label classification model with outperfom performance, which allows detection of disease in varied-length signals without any additional cropping/padding. Moreover, our research is beneficial to the development of computer-aided diagnosis.
Classification of multi-lead ECG with deep residual convolutional neural networks
Authors: Cai Wenjie , Liu Fanli , Xu Bolin , Wang Xuan , Hu Shuaicong , Wang Mingjie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective. Automatic electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation based on deep learning methods is attracting increasing attention. In this study, we propose a novel method to accurately classify multi-lead ECGs using deep residual neural networks. Approach. ECG recordings from seven different open databases were provided by PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2021. All the ECGs were pre-processed to obtain the same sampling rate. The label inconsistency among the databases was corrected by adding or removing specific labels. A label mask was created to filter out potentially incorrectly labelled data. Five models based on deep residual convolutional neural networks were optimized using an asymmetric loss function to classify multi-lead ECGs. Main results. The proposed method achieved an official challenge score of 0.54, 0.52, 0.50, 0.51, and 0.50 on twelve-lead, six-lead, four-lead, three-lead, and two-lead ECG test sets, respectively. These scores were ranked 5th, 3rd, 7th, 5th and 7th, respectively, in the challenge. Significance. The proposed method can correct the differential labeling tendency of databases from different sources and exhibits good generalization for classifying multi-lead ECGs in the hidden test set. The proposed models have the potential for clinical applications.
Key aspects of the past 30 years of protein design
Authors: Magi Meconi Giulia , Sasselli Ivan R , Bianco Valentino , Onuchic Jose N , Coluzza Ivan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Proteins are the workhorse of life. They are the building infrastructure of living systems; they are the most efficient molecular machines known, and their enzymatic activity is still unmatched in versatility by any artificial system. Perhaps proteins’ most remarkable feature is their modularity. The large amount of information required to specify each protein’s function is analogically encoded with an alphabet of just ∼20 letters. The protein folding problem is how to encode all such information in a sequence of 20 letters. In this review, we go through the last 30 years of research to summarize the state of the art and highlight some applications related to fundamental problems of protein evolution.
Resonant hyper-Raman scattering of light by LO phonons in wurtzite semiconductors
Authors: Semenova Ludmila E 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Theoretical treatment of resonant hyper-Raman scattering of light by LO phonons in wurtzite semiconductors is given. The hyper-Raman process was considered for the scattering geometry y(xxz)x at which it involves the two-photon transitions to the B and C excitons of the s-type. Allowance was made for different sequences of intermediate virtual states. On the example of a CdS crystal the influence of the possible dipole transitions to the deeper valence band on the frequency dependence of the scattering cross section was investigated.
Laser analysis of the exhaled air isotope composition in diagnosing nosologically different H. pylori-associated diseases
Authors: Stepanov Eugene V , Ivashkin Vladimir T 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Laser spectroscopic analysis of the isotope composition of exhaled air was performed for diagnosing the digestive system diseases, associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. An analyzer of 13СО2/12СО2 ratio in exhaled air based on tunable diode lasers and 13С-urea breath test (13С-UBT) were used to diagnose the infection. Nosologically different gastro-intestinal tract diseases: gastric and duodenal ulcer, gastritis and duodenitis were studied. The data of morphologic analysis of the gastric and duodenal mucosa, obtained during fibreoptic gastroduodenoscopyfor 612 patientshave been compared with the results of isotope breath test. The dependence has been analysed of laser 13С-UBT results on nosology and localisation of the H. pylori colony.
A new insight of specification error in regression: Excluding education variable from a model
Authors: Setyadharma A , Bowo P A , Suseno D A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study is to show specification error in a model that exclude a relevant independent variable. Literature suggests that human capital features, such as education, must be considered in studies of social problems, such as environmental degradation. Therefore, the absence of education variable in a multiple regression equation model that explain the determinants of environmental degradation may result in model misspecification. Firstly, this study constructs a model with four variables, i.e.: unemployment level (ULEVEL), poor areas (POOR_AREAS), income inequality (INEQ) and access to electricity (ELEC), that may affect environmental quality in Indonesia. Secondly, this study examines the second model when education variable is included in the model. This study uses panel data regression method from 33 provinces in Indonesia during 2012 to 2018. The results of the first model show that all four control variables are statistically significant. However, ELEC’s coefficient has unexpected sign. When education variable is added to the second model, ELEC’s coefficient has expected sign. In conclusion, education variable is theoretically and empirically important variable to explain the changes in the quality of environment in Indonesia and education variable should be used in the model to avoid specification error in a model.
Shift in controlling factors of carbon stocks across biomes on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Han Daorui , Hu Zhongmin , Wang Xuhui , Wang Tao , Chen Anping , Weng Qihao , Liang Minqi , Zeng Xiang , Cao Ruochen , Di Kai , Luo Dengnan , Zhang Guangru , Yang Yuanhe , He Honglin , Fan Jiangwen , Yu Guirui 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (TP) accumulated a large amount of organic carbon, while its size and response to environmental factors for the whole area remain uncertain. Here, we synthesized a dataset to date with the largest data volume and broadest geographic coverage over the TP, composing of 7196 observations from multiple field campaigns since the 1980s, and provided a comprehensive assessment of the size and spatial distribution of carbon pools for both plant and soils on the TP using machine learning algorithms. The estimated soil organic carbon (SOC) storage to 1 m depth was

32

.01

19

.69

47

.9

Pg (

11

.72

7

.2

17

.53

kg m−2 on average), accounting for approximately

37

.2

22

.9

55

.6

% of China’s SOC stock on its <30% land area. There was

15

.52

9

.91

23

.52

Pg C stored in grassland soils (1 m), which played as the largest C pool on the TP, followed by shrubland (

7

.52

4

.8

11.6

Pg) and forest (

3

.72

2

.5

5

.36

Pg). The estimated plant C pool was

2

.4

0

.95

5

.16

Pg (

1

.03

0

.2

2

.7

Pg in aboveground biomass (AGB) and

1

.37

0

.75

2

.45

Pg in belowground biomass). Soil and biomass C density presented a similar spatial pattern, which generally decreased from the east and southeast parts to the central and western parts. We found both vegetation and soil C (1 m depth) were primarily regulated by climatic variables and C input across the entire TP. However, main driving factors of the C stocks varied among vegetation types and depth intervals. Though AGB played as an important role in SOC variation for both topsoil (0–30 cm) and subsoil (30–100 cm), the strength of the correlation weakened with depth and was gradually attenuated from grassland to shrubland, and forest. The outcomes of this study provided an updated geospatial estimate of SOC stocks for the entire TP and their relationships with environmental factors, which are essential to carbon model benchmarking and better understanding the feedbacks of C stocks to global change.
Soliton resonance and web structure in the Davey–Stewartson system
Authors: Biondini Gino , Kireyev Dmitri , Maruno Ken-ichi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We write down and characterize a large class of nonsingular multi-soliton solutions of the defocusing Davey–Stewartson II equation. In particular we study their asymptotics at space infinities as well as their interaction patterns in the xy-plane, and we identify several subclasses of solutions. Many of these solutions describe phenomena of soliton resonance and web structure. We identify a subclass of solutions that is the analogue of the soliton solutions of the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili II equation. In addition to this subclass, however, we show that more general solutions exist, describing phenomena that have no counterpart in the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation, including V-shape solutions and soliton reconnection.
Facile synthesis of sulfur and oxygen co-doped graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots for on-off detection of Cu2+ in real samples and living cells
Authors: Zhang Mengting , Zhang Yulu , Gan Mingyu , Xie Liping , Wang Jing , Jia Weihua , Bian Wei , Shuang Shaomin , Choi Martin M F 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A fluorescent sulfur and oxygen co-doped graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots (S,O-CNQDs) were prepared from ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dihydrate and thiourea as the carbon and sulfur sources. The morphology and surface functional groups of S,O-CNQDs were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The fluorescence of S,O-CNQDs could be quenched efficiently by Cu2+ under the optimum conditions. The S,O-CNQDs could function as an excellent fluorescent probe for Cu2+ detection with a wide linear range of 0.50–15 μM and a low detection limit of 0.58 nM. In addition, this fluorescent probe was employed for monitoring Cu2+ in samples of tap water, lake water, human serum and urine with good recoveries from 99.0% to 110.0%. Moreover, the S,O-CNQDs with high cell penetration and low cytotoxicity were utilized for Cu2+ detection in living cells. Owing to the excellent properties of S,O-CNQDs, the as-prepared S,O-CNQDs can be a potential candidate for biological applications.
Plasmon spectroscopy for the determination of Ti3C2T
x
MXene few layer stacks architecture
Authors: Bilyk T , Hsiao H-W , Yuan R , Benchakar M , Habrioux A , Célérier S , Zuo J-M , Pacaud J , Mauchamp V 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Like many 2D materials, numerous properties of MXene multilayers, and especially the most popular one Ti3C2T
x
, have been shown to significantly depend on their architecture, i.e. the number of layers and interlayer distance. These structural parameters are thus key elements to be characterized for the analysis of MXene properties. Focusing on valence electron energy-loss spectroscopy (VEELS) as performed in a transmission electron microscope (TEM), and using density functional theory (DFT) simulations, we here analyze the layer dependent large changes in the VEEL spectra of Ti3C2T
x
multilayers as a probe of their total thickness, and emphasize the bulk plasmon energy sensitivity to interlayer distance. Together these findings allow to directly quantify the absolute number of layers in a Ti3C2T
x
stack up to ∼10 nm thickness and give access to interlayer distance modifications with sub-angström sensitivity, evidencing VEELS as a powerful method for the characterization of MXene multilayers on the nanometer scale. We expect these results to be relevant for the study of structure/properties correlations in this class of materials, especially with the development of in situ or environmental TEM experiments.
A recyclable solid catalyst of KF/Ca-Mg-Al-O using for biodiesel production from jatropha seed oil: preparation, characterization, and methanolysis process optimization
Authors: You Qinghong , Yin Xiulian , Wang Jun , Dai Chunhua 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A recyclable heterogeneous KF/Ca-Mg-Al-O catalyst was prepared by co-precipitation and calcination processes. The characteristics of the catalyst were investigated using FTIR, XRD, TG-DTG and SEM. Response surface methodology was utilized to obtain the best most extreme biodiesel production yield. The ideal biodiesel production conditions were: the amount of catalyst was 3 wt%; the reaction temperature was 65 °C; the alcohol oil molar ratio 9.8:1, the reaction time was 3.5 h. Under these amended conditions, the average biodiesel yield was 95.19%, which is well in close concurrence with the worth anticipated by the model. The repeatability of catalysts was studied. After using the catalyst seven times, the catalytic efficiency was only reduced by 2.7%. These results indicate that the catalyst has good catalytic efficiency and is recyclable.
Optimization for preparing Bi1.68Pb0.32Sr1.75Ca1.85Cu2.85O10+y powders by wet ball milling
Authors: Chen Yingwei , Shao Ling , Zhao Guomeng , Liu Qijie , Huang Yingqi , Liu Zhenzhong , Zhu Liu , Wang Tianle , Zheng Beibei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Superconducting Bi1.68Pb0.32Sr1.75Ca1.85Cu2.85O10+y
(Bi-2223) powders were prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction using hand grinding and wet ball milling. The effects of the ball milling and sintering times on the phase evolution were examined by x-ray diffraction and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Single-phase Bi-2223 powders with a superconducting transition temperature of about 108 K were optimally prepared by wet ball milling for 20 h and sintering at 867 °C for 80 h. Finding these optimal preparation conditions were crucial for mass producing high-quality single-phase Bi-2223 precursor powders with a much lower cost of energy. Furthermore, we found that ball milling led to thinner grains than hand grinding.
Precise finite element verification of the unreliability of using multi-layers of FRP on CFRP-debonding in RC beams
Authors: Abdulrahman Bassam Qasim 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The nonlinear behaviour of an adhesive material that connects layer of carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) to a reinforced concrete (RC) beam is numerically simulated in this study. To the author’s knowledge, how debonding increases significantly with increasing FRP thickness has not yet been studied theoretically only with few experimental studies that directly say this information. The work is conducted via a finite element approach using the commercially available software ABAQUS 6.13. Firstly, the 3D finite element model is introduced and all the suitable elements, material properties, damage initiation and evolution, and failure criteria are presented. Initially, the numerical model is validated by using the experimental study of a CFRP strengthened beam, which is chosen from literature. The model is shown to accurately capture slip at the interface of the strengthening material and resultant debonding. Furthermore, the tensile strain profile along the CFRP sheet is studied and, which has shown a reverse trend to the interfacial slip profile. Using the validated model, a detailed study is conducted with regards to the effects of multiple CFRP layers on the ultimate capacity and failure mode of the strengthened RC beam. It is found that adding two layers similar to the thickness of one layer will not change the response of the beam. However, this makes the beam behave with less ductility. Furthermore, the difference between the two cases is that the damage of one layer is concentrated at the FRP free end for a short distance. While, for two layers it is also at the free end but extended to a longer distance to the centre of the beam what causes earlier debonding. It is also found that adding one layer of CFRP to strengthen a RC beam can improve the ultimate capacity by 22%. But adding more CFRP layers does not increase the ultimate capacity or change the failure mode. In addition, it will reduce the total deflection of the beam. The study has also found that the interface bond-stresses are non-uniformly distributed along the reinforced boundaries and the shear stresses values exhibit peak values of 1 to 2 times greater than or 1 to 0.5 times less than the mean values predicted by the classical beam theory. Moreover, during the simulation, no de-lamination was observed between the superimposed CFRP plates for the two layers of CFRP.
Sums of proper divisors follow the Erdős–Kac law
Authors: Pollack Paul , Troupe Lee 
Published: June 2022

Let

s
(
n
)
=

∑

d
∣
n
,

d
>
n

d

s(n)=\sum _{d\mid n,~d>n} d

denote the sum of the proper divisors of

n
n

. The second-named author proved that

ω
(
s
(
n
)
)

\omega (s(n))

has normal order

log
⁡
log
⁡

n

\log \log {n}

, the analogue for

s
s

-values of a classical result of Hardy and Ramanujan [The normal number of prime factors of a number n [Quart. J. Math. 48 (1917), 76–92], AMS Chelsea Publ., Providence, RI, 2000, pp. 262–275]. We establish the corresponding Erdős–Kac theorem:

ω
(
s
(
n
)
)

\omega (s(n))

is asymptotically normally distributed with mean and variance

log
⁡
log
⁡

n

\log \log {n}

. The same method applies with

s
(
n
)

s(n)

replaced by any of several other unconventional arithmetic functions, such as

β
(
n
)
≔

∑

p
∣
n

p

\beta (n)≔\sum _{p\mid n} p

,

n
−
φ
(
n
)

n-\varphi (n)

, and

n
+
τ
(
n
)

n+\tau (n)

(

τ
\tau

being the divisor function).
1025 THE IMPACT OF DEPRIVATION AND FRAILTY ON THE LIKELIHOOD OF RECEIVING HIP AND KNEE ARTHROPLASTY DUE TO OSTEOARTHRITIS
Authors: Cook M J , Lunt M , Board T , O'Neill T W 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Introduction
We determined the impact of deprivation and frailty at the time of diagnosis of hip or knee osteoarthritis (OA) on the likelihood of receiving total hip/knee arthroplasty (THA/TKA).

Method
We used routinely collected primary care data (Clinical Practice Research Datalink), linked to Hospital Episode Statistics. Frailty was assessed at the time of OA diagnosis using the electronic frailty index and categorised as fit, mild, moderate, and severe frailty. The association between quintile of index of multiple deprivation (IMD), frailty category and likelihood of receiving THA and TKA was assessed in separate Cox regression models, adjusted for year of OA diagnosis, age, and sex.

Results
104,672 individuals with hip OA and 220,714 with knee OA contributed data. Compared to those in the first quintile of IMD (least deprived), those in the fourth and fifth quintile of IMD (most deprived), respectively, were less likely to receive THA, hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI), 0.92 (0.89, 0.95) and 0.80 (0.77, 0.83), with similar results for TKA. Increasing frailty at OA diagnosis was associated with reduced likelihood of receiving THA/TKA. Compared to fit individuals, the HR (95% CI) for receiving THA and TKA, respectively among those with severe frailty was 0.42 (0.39, 0.45) and 0.57 (0.53, 0.61). Increasing deprivation was associated with increasing frailty at the time of hip/knee OA diagnosis, independent of age, sex, and year of OA diagnosis. However, those in the two most deprived quintiles were still less likely to receive THA/TKA after additionally adjusting for frailty category.

Conclusion
Increased deprivation and increased frailty category were associated with a lower likelihood of receiving THA/TKA among people with hip/knee OA. Increased frailty did not, however, explain the reduced likelihood of receiving THA/TKA among those living in the most deprived areas.
1030 EXPERIENCES OF EARLY SUPPORTED DISCHARGE SERVICES FOLLOWING A STROKE: A QUALITATIVE EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS
Authors: Connor E O , Dolan E , Horgan F , Robinson K , Galvin R 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Early supported discharge (ESD) facilitates people with a stroke to be discharged from the hospital environment earlier than conventional care to continue their rehabilitation within the home with a multi-disciplinary team. Known benefits of ESD from Randomised Controlled Trials conducted include reducing the length of a hospital stay, long term dependency, and cost savings. There is limited qualitative evidence available on ESD. This systematic review and qualitative synthesis explored the experiences of those involved in ESD including people with stroke, family members, caregivers as well as healthcare professionals.

Method
A literature search was completed in 11 databases which generated 3,425 articles. Qualitative or mixed

Method
studies that included qualitative data on the experiences of people with stroke, family members, caregivers and healthcare professionals of an ESD service were included. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist was used to appraise the methodological quality of the papers. The findings were synthesised using the three step process for thematic synthesis.

Results
A total of fourteen studies were included with the methodological quality of the studies deemed good overall. Four key themes emerged: 1) ESD is experienced by people with stroke as a goal-focused and supportive process leading to positive outcomes, 2) ESD eases the transition from the hospital to the home environment but the transition from ESD to social and community services is often problematic, 3) Organisational, logistical and inter-professional factors are critical to the success of ESD and 4) The home environment enhances rehabilitation.

Conclusion
The findings of this qualitative evidence synthesis highlight the importance of the home environment in the rehabilitation process post stroke. Key practice implications point to the need for increased attention to periods where care transitions occur from ESD to community services.