bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Directly Grown Universally Doped Ultrathin Nanocrystalline Carbon Overlayer Sustains Pragmatic Zinc Metal Anodes
Authors: Yang Xianzhong , Lv Jiaze , Cheng Cai , Shi Zixiong , Peng Jun , Chen Ziyan , Lian Xueyu , Li Weiping , Zou Yuhan , Zhao Yu , Rümmeli Mark H. , Dou Shixue , Sun Jingyu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Rechargeable Zn-ion battery has emerged as a promising alternative to Li-ion battery owing to the high safety and environmental benignity. Nevertheless, dendritic formation and side reaction occurred at the anode side greatly handicap its practical advance. Here, we put forward an effective maneuver to sustain practical Zn anode by optimizing the anode/electrolyte interface, which deals with the direct growth of an ultrathin nitrogen and oxygen co-doped carbon (NOC) overlayer over Zn foil via a scalable plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Thus-designed NOC overlayer can guide the stable Zn deposition along Zn (002) because of the favorable adsorption by dopant atoms and cultivation effect of nanocrystalline carbons, thereby inducing a planar Zn texture. Moreover, the abundant heteroatoms help reduce the solvation energy and accelerate the reaction kinetics. As a result, dendrite growth and side reaction are concurrently mitigated. Symmetric cell harvests durable electrochemical cycling (1125 h at 10.0 mA cm− 2/1.0 mAh cm− 2; 136 h at 30.0 mA cm− 2/30.0 mAh cm− 2). Assembled full battery further realizes elongated lifespans under stringent conditions. This strategy marks a new avenue for the in-situ construction of ultrathin protective coating to optimize the Zn deposition electrochemistry toward pragmatic Zn anode.
Evaluation of cytotoxic activity of live toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites and toxoplasma antigen on MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line
Authors: Eissa Maha M. , Gaafar Maha R. , Younis Layla K. , Ismail Cherine A. , El Skhawy Nahla 
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic potency of live Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites as well as Toxoplasma antigen on MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. Cancer cell lines are considered an essential preliminary step towards in-vitro investigation of the potential antineoplastic impact of novel chemotherapeutic agents. Pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and parasites are noticeably under investigation, considering their potential antineoplastic activity. Some have attained a steady position in the clinical field as hepatitis B virus, human papilloma virus and BCG immunization. Toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan parasite with promising antineoplastic activity. In this study, live Toxoplasma tachyzoites provoked a direct cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 in a dose dependent manner, while Toxoplasma antigen didn’t induce such impact.
Skipping the direct cytotoxic effect of Toxoplasma antigen doesn’t totally divert the possible antineoplastic activity of Toxoplasma antigen. Potential alternative immune mediated mechanisms could be an alternative. Further in-vivo studies in different cancer models are mandatory to investigate the underlying mechanisms of antineoplastic activity of Toxoplasma gondii
Volumes and spin states of FeHx: Implication for the density and temperature of the Earth’s core
Authors: Yang Hua , Muir Joshua M.R. , Zhang Feiwu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHydrogen is the most abundant element in the solar system and has been considered one of the main light elements in the Earth’s core. The hydrogen content in the Earth’s core is determined normally by matching the volume expansion caused by the incorporation of hydrogen into FeHx to the Earth’s core density deficit. The magnitude of this volume expansion at the pressure (P) and temperature (T) conditions of the Earth’s core is still unknown, and the effect of spin transition in FeHx at high pressure is usually ignored. In this study, we simulate the Fe spin transition, equation of state, and hydrogen-induced volume expansion in Fe-H binaries at high P-T conditions using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our results indicate that hydrogen could stabilize the magnetic properties of fcc Fe from ~10 to ~40 GPa. A volume expansion induced by hydrogen is linear with pressure except at the Fe spin transition pressure, where it collapses significantly (~30%). The fcc FeH lattice is predicted to expand at an average rate of ~1.38 and 1.07 Å3 per hydrogen atom under the Earth’s outer and inner core P-T conditions, where the hydrogen content is estimated to be ~0.54–1.10 wt% and ~0.10–0.22 wt%, respectively. These results suggest that the Earth’s core may be a potentially large reservoir of water, with up to ~98 times as much as oceans of water being brought to the Earth’s interior during its formation. Based on our predicted hydrogen content in the Earth’s core, we propose that the presence of hydrogen would induce a relatively lower core temperature, ~300–500 K colder than it has been previously speculated.
Impactos da Covid-19: Percepção dos Profissionais de Contabilidade e Gestores de Micro e Pequenas Empresas do Município de João Pessoa – PB
Authors: Campos Aglaeudis Ferreira Rodrigues , Da Silva Annamélia Aryadnyes Vieira Ribeiro , Do Nascimento Neto Antonio Martins , Da Silva Neta Maria do Carmo , Dos Santos Mateus Alexandre Costa 
Published: May 2022

Os efeitos da pandemia da COVID-19 não se limitaram às questões de saúde pública, incidiram também sobre as relações sociais e econômicas em escala global. A retração da atividade econômica experimentada no ambiente doméstico, em função das medidas de isolamento social, gerou impactos danosos para a economia como um todo e no segmento das micro e pequenas empresas (MPE), é possível que eles tenham se revelado de forma bastante particular, devido aos problemas preexistentes na gestão dessas entidades. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a percepção de profissionais de contabilidade e de proprietários/gestores de MPE, do município de João Pessoa-PB, quanto ao papel da informação contábil na gestão dessas entidades no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19. A pesquisa foi operacionalizada por meio de um questionário estruturado on-line, onde foram obtidas as percepções desses atores. Com base nas respostas recebidas, foi possível verificar que, em relação ao nível de compreensão das informações contábeis, 42% dos proprietários/gestores das microempresas e 64% dos proprietários/gestores das empresas de pequeno porte possuiriam um nível de compreensão da informação contábil que pode ser considerado elevado. Já considerando um cenário pós-pandemia, tem-se que 58% e 64% desses gestores, respectivamente, responderam que procurariam consultores ou pessoas com experiência em área comum a contabilidade. Diante dos resultados obtidos, constatou-se uma aparente incompatibilidade entre as percepções, o que levanta questões sobre se os proprietários/gestores, de fato, compreenderiam as informações contábeis que lhes são fornecidas ou se, por outro lado, os profissionais de contabilidade estariam, de fato, fornecendo informações úteis.
Toponymy and local languages
Authors: Ormeling Ferjan 
Published: May 2022

Many countries in the world have toponyms in local, regional or minority languages that form parallel namescapes. Despite its recognition of these toponyms and its resolutions to safeguard them, UNGEGN has not provided much guidance on how to deal with them, beyond stating that they must be collected. As the reasons for naming topographical objects form part of our cultural heritage, these should be added to the attribute information collected. But what should happen after their collection is not clear. The impact of national toponymic standardization on toponyms from local languages is discussed, and linked to the fact that we are already used to sets of parallel namescapes from which we choose the appropriate one, depending on circumstances. This paper tries to work out a number of scenarios for dealing with local language toponyms, from which national names authorities should choose one that fits the national requirements.
RESILIENCES TYPES OF KAJEN PESANTREN STRUGGLING COVID 19 PANDEMICS
Authors: Zahra Fathimatuz 
Published: May 2022

Covid 19 is a virus that is evenly distributed among all groups, including Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia. Many of these Islamic boarding schools have been affected by Covid 19, one of which is the Pesantren in Kajen Pati, Central Java. In July 2020, the first positive covid patients from Islamic boarding schools began to appear in the Kajen Pati area. The emergence of covid patients from these pesantren raises pros and cons regarding whether Covid 19 is real or fictitious. As well as various disaster mitigation problems stemming from the resilience of the pesantren in dealing with Covid 19.This research uses methods of interview and internal social media groups discussion. This research, consists of interviewing head of Satgas Covid Santri, Forum Komunikasi Pengasuh Pesantren Kajen (FKPPK), Nyai, Santri and also neighbourhood of Pesantren. How they’re was interpreting of covid 19, how they solving problems and then how they make resiliences between them. Because of Pesantren in Kajen is more about fifty pesantren and also their location was risky for spreading covid 19.This research finding was formulated that’s was the pesantren community's unpreparedness that this covid could affect them. Based on this research, the pesantren resiliences community is divided into believing and being aware that Covid exists, believing but resigning that those affected by Covid are according to God's will, considering that Covid is fictitious and only a conspiracy against Muslims.
Aqualuz: a new solar disinfection device for treatment of cistern water
Authors: Magalhães Jefferson Hannover Faustino , Bezerra Letícia Nunes , Santos Anna Luísa Beserra , Silveira Cleiton da Silva , Nunes Ana Barbara de Araújo , Neto Iran Eduardo Lima 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We conducted field, laboratory and modeling studies to evaluate the efficiency of a new solar disinfection (SODIS) device called Aqualuz for the removal of Escherichia coli (EC) from cistern water in the Brazilian semiarid, for different solar exposure–water temperature conditions. The results indicated EC contamination (100–300 MPN/100 mL) in all tests performed. As compared to the literature, lower exposure times (2.5–4.0 h) and solar radiations (250–410 W/m²) were sufficient for EC elimination. Then, assuming the complete-mix approach and first-order kinetics, it was possible to adjust EC decay rate constants (k) considering three different models: constant k-value, k as a function of water temperature and a new formulation for k as a function of both solar radiation and water temperature. All models performed well with normalized root mean squared logarithmic error (NRMSLE) lower than 20%, but the best fitting was obtained with the new approach. A new relationship between solar radiation and water temperature was also obtained, which allowed model simulations of EC decay for 34 municipalities in the Brazilian northeast, resulting in a color map for the region depicting the exposure periods of 1.8–5.6 h for reaching a 3-log reduction.
Evidenced transformations: using data to demonstrate improvement in school-based access to water, sanitation and hygiene in Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Bikram Kumar , Mishra Ram Manohar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe availability and access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) facilities in schools have been associated with enhanced learning and nutritional outcomes among children in India and elsewhere. However, there is limited documentation of successful scaled-up models to improve WASH facilities in schools. This paper describes an innovative ‘transformation campaign’ to strengthen WASH facilities in government-run elementary schools in Uttar Pradesh, the most populous state in India. The campaign was launched in 2018 followed by an online monitoring portal using data-informed feedback and role modeling in 2020. A comprehensive baseline assessment was conducted in 114,790 government elementary schools in Uttar Pradesh, during which school focal persons ranked their schools' access to WASH services against the set benchmarks. Concurrently, high-ranking schools were established as ‘learning labs’ for neighboring schools and were provided with on-site capacity building opportunities. More than 150,000 teachers were systematically engaged through regular virtual training and automated calls that tracked progress, all parts of a centralized online portal. This champion-led transformation of school (CLTS) approach was adopted by the government to recognize best practices supported by students and teachers. Initiatives of teachers and village-elected representatives (Gram Pradhan), who were identified as ‘champions’, were recognized and disseminated to build an enabling environment that will sustain access and practices. As of July 2021, 65.8% of the assessed schools across 75 districts have improved their basic infrastructure through repairing/retrofitting defunct facilities and construction of new ones as per the gaps identified. They become ‘WASH compliant’ and leveraged around INR 45.71 billion of public financing from multiple sources in the last 3–4 years. Now, the state is rolling out a similar transformation campaign for 188,997 pre-school centers that will cover 5.6 million children between the ages of 3 and 6 years. The implementation process, challenges and learnings of this campaign can be used to formulate strategies and design scaled-up interventions to improve WASH facilities in schools.
Analysis on the pattern and driving factors of industrial wastewater discharge in the Wuhan Metropolitan area
Authors: Liu Shuai , Liu Xiaoqiong , Ma Bowen , Ding Zewei , Chen Kunlun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
As China's ecological civilization gains momentum and the ecological development of the ‘Yangtze River Economic Belt’ strategy pushes forward, the research on water environment protection and management in Wuhan Metropolitan Area (the central urban agglomeration) is of great significance. According to the data of the industrial wastewater discharge in the nine cities of the Wuhan Metropolitan Area from 2005 to 2015, the study will construct a decomposition model to analyze the pattern of the discharge with reference to the Kaya identity and the LMDI decomposition model. By doing so, the pattern and driving factors of industrial wastewater discharge can be cleared. The following conclusions on the industrial wastewater discharge of the Wuhan Metropolitan Area can be achieved. Firstly, industrial wastewater discharge in the Wuhan Metropolitan Area shows a decreasing trend year by year (684 million tons to 433 million tons) from 2005 to 2010, but rises sharply (504 million tons to 652 million tons) from 2010 to 2011, reaching a peak in 2011. After that, it witnesses a quick and stable drop. Secondly, the absolute differences in industrial wastewater discharge among cities are continuously narrowed, in which Wuhan (the highest value is 260 million tons, the lowest value is 155 million tons) and Ezhou (the highest value is 181 million tons, the lowest value is 0.25 million tons) show the most striking abnormal statistics. Thirdly, the discharge follows the trend of expansion from Wuhan as a center to its neighboring cities from 2005 to 2015. For spatial pattern, it presents a picture of decreasing from the center to the surrounding. Lastly, for all driving factors affecting the discharge, the contribution of economic growth is always positive, which can increase the discharge greatly (the average annual contribution reaches 0.64 billion m3). The population size has little effect. The industrial structure has an uncertain influence on it since it is decided by government policies. The influence of technological improvement is negative, which can control the discharge a lot. In the last part of this essay, the research will explore the ways to promote the saving and discharge reduction of industrial wastewater for future potential metropolitan areas, thus providing a reference for macro water environment protection and governance in the Yangtze River Basin and other regional urban areas.
The spectrum of uncertainty in flood damage assessment
Authors: Shoaib Syed Abu , Mahmood Taufique H , Sultana Nahid 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The future of the world is becoming more uncertain owing to climate change. The unfolding impacts of climate change are affecting human societies and natural ecosystems. Projections of climate change impacts are associated with a cascade of uncertainties including greenhouse gas emissions scenarios, climate models, and associated processes. Climate models are essential for predicting flow and flood peaks, necessitating proper means of quantification and re-use to help refine the predictions made. This study presents an innovative new framework to quantify flood damage assessment as the climate changes. To integrate uncertainty in modelling catchment behaviour, the Quantile Flow Deviation (QFD) metric was used to attribute different sources of uncertainty, including those from variations in climate from point measurements and from extrapolation to flood peaks from the limited observed flows that are available. The square root of error variance (SREV) calculated from global climate model (GCM) precipitation outputs was used to quantify climate change uncertainty, thereby enabling the estimation of the uncertainty in modelled streamflow to allow the extent of change in flood damage to be assessed. Using data from the Leaf River catchment in the USA, this study presents the increase in flood damage uncertainty resulting from explicit consideration of uncertainty as well as the change in the climate as a function of global temperature rise.
Comparison Between Human Maxillary Anterior Teeth and Commercial Acrylic Teeth: A Sex-Stratified Analysis
Authors: AlRumaih Hamad S. , Albasry Zainab , Alsulaiman Ahmed A. , Alqarawi Firas K. , Alshahrani Faris A. , Parciak Ewa 
Published: May 2022

Objective:
The aim of this study was 1.To compare the total width of human anterior teeth from different races (White, black, and Asian) to the total width of commercially available anterior teeth molds and, 2. To compare the width and length of human central incisors (#9) from different races (White, black, and Asian) with those of commercially available central incisors (#9).

Materials and Methods:
The study consisted of 360 participants, with 60 females and 60 males in each of 3 racial groups: White, Black, and Asian. Metric measurements of natural teeth were obtained from dental casts, and those of acrylic teeth were obtained from company catalogs.

Statistical Analysis:
Data normality was determined by Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests. The Kruskal-Wallis and Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner post hoc tests were used to compare measurements across the racial groups and commercial acrylic teeth. P value of ≤ 0.05 was set as statistically significant.

Results:
The results showed significant intra- and intergroup differences between males and females and across the 3 racial groups, especially among the Black group. Significant differences were also detected between artificial and natural teeth dimensions.

Conclusion:
Although similarities exist, generally, the dimensions of commercially available artificial teeth are different than that of natural teeth in the studied populations. Overall, in both males and females, the median length of natural tooth #9 is always smaller when compared to commercially available teeth. In contrast, in both males and females, the median width of natural tooth #9 is always larger when compared to commercially available teeth, except for female Asian population. Overall, significant racial differences exist in the length, width, and total width of natural teeth compared to commercially available teeth in the Black population. However, both the white and asian population showed less significant differences when comparing the length, width, and total width of natural teeth to commercially available teeth.
Timing and Motivations for Alternative Cancer Therapy With Insights From a Crowdfunding Platform: Cross-sectional Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Peterson John , Wilson Trevor , Gruhl Joshua , Davis Sydney , Olsen Jaxon , Parsons Matthew , Kann Benjamin , Fagerlin Angela , Watt Melissa , Johnson Skyler 
Published: May 2022

Background
Alternative cancer therapy is associated with increased mortality, but little is known about those who pursue it.

Objective
We aimed to describe individuals’ motivations for using alternative cancer therapies and determine whether motivations differ based on individuals’ timing of seeking alternative therapies.

Methods
We used data from 649 campaigns posted on the website GoFundMe between 2011 and 2019 for beneficiaries with cancer pursuing alternative therapy. The data were analyzed using a mixed methods approach. Campaigns were categorized by timing of alternative therapy (either before or after experiencing conventional therapy). Qualitative analysis identified motivational themes. Chi-square tests of independence and Fisher tests (all 2-sided) determined significant differences in the presence of motivational themes between groups.

Results
The expression of concerns about the efficacy of conventional therapy was significantly more likely in campaigns for individuals who used conventional therapy first than in campaigns for individuals who started with alternative therapy (63.3% vs 41.7%; P<.001). Moreover, on comparing those who started with alternative therapy and those who switched from conventional to alternative therapy, those who started with alternative therapy more often expressed natural and holistic values (49.3% vs 27.0%; P<.001), expressed an unorthodox understanding of cancer (25.5% vs 16.4%; P=.004), referenced religious or spiritual beliefs (15.1% vs 8.9%; P=.01), perceived alternative treatment as efficacious (19.1% vs 10.2%; P=.001), and distrusted pharmaceutical companies (3.2% vs 0.5%; P=.04).

Conclusions
Individuals sought treatments that reflected their values and beliefs, even if scientifically unfounded. Many individuals who reported prior conventional cancer therapy were motivated to pursue alternative treatments because they perceived the conventional treatments to be ineffective.
AWARENESS AND KNOWLEDGE OF COLOR VISION DEFICIENCY AMONG HEALTH CARE STUDENTS WITH INTERVENTION
Authors: RISHITHA YARRAMALA , IKRAM SYEDA SADIYA , PURI SANJEEV KUMAR 
Published: May 2022

Objective: To assess the level of awareness and knowledge of Color Vision Deficiency and to determine problems related to color vision among health care students.
Methods: This study was done on 278 Health care students in the age group of 18 to 25 y. Structured Pre and Post assessment questionnaires were administrated to all consenting students to determine the prevalence of Color Vision Deficiency and a video is shown to assess the level of awareness and knowledge of Color Vision defects. Color Vision was tested by using Ishihara Color Vision Chart. This study was conducted between November 2021 to January 2022. Ethical clearance for the study was obtained from Saveetha College of Allied Health Sciences.
Results: A total of 278 subjects participated in this study, 277(99.6%) subjects have a normal level of Color Vision. Around 66.5% of subjects were aware of color vision deficiency in pre-assessment and 100% of subjects were aware in post-assessment, around 99.6% of subjects found no difficulty in choosing colors of clothes, cosmetics, 100% of subjects had no color difficulty in previous and daily work/study activities and among them, one subject (0.35%) could not appreciate color considered as total Color blindness according to the chart used.
Conclusion: It is concluded from this study that a large group of students attains a normal level of Color Vision. Most of them (66.5%) are aware of Color Vision deficiency in pre-assessment, after providing them with adequate awareness and knowledge increases to 100% in post-assessment.