bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of the WMO Prize Challenge to Improve Subseasonal to Seasonal Predictions Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Vitart F. , Robertson A. W. , Spring A. , Pinault F. , Roškar R. , Cao W. , Bech S. , Bienkowski A. , Caltabiano N. , De Coning E. , Denis B. , Dirkson A. , Dramsch J. , Dueben P. , Gierschendorf J. , Kim H. S. , Nowak K. , Landry D. , Lledó L. , Palma L. , Rasp S. , Zhou S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
There is a high demand and expectation for subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) prediction, which provides forecasts beyond 2 weeks, but less than 3 months ahead. To assess the potential benefit of artificial intelligence (AI) methods for S2S prediction through better postprocessing of ensemble prediction system outputs, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) coordinated a prize challenge in 2021 to improve subseasonal prediction. The goal of this competition was to produce the most skillful forecasts of precipitation and 2-m temperature globally averaged over forecast weeks 3 and 4 and over weeks 5 and 6 for the year 2020 using artificial intelligence techniques. The top three submissions, described in this article, succeeded in producing S2S forecasts significantly more skillful than the bias-corrected ECMWF operational reference forecasts, particularly for precipitation, through improved calibration of the ECMWF raw forecast outputs or multimodel combination. These forecast improvements should benefit the use of S2S forecasts in applications.
Influence of Stationary Waves on Precipitation Change in North American Summer during the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Lee Hung-I , Mitchell Jonathan L. , Lora Juan M. , Tripati Aradhna 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Paleo-proxy reconstructions reveal a moistening of the American Southwest during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 21 ka). However, the primary mechanisms driving the moistening trend are still debated, with relatively few studies focused on hypotheses related to synoptic changes in precipitation. Analysis of the Paleoclimate Intercomparison Model Project (PMIP3) simulations shows enhancement of precipitation in the southwest and south-central United States during the winter and summer. Here, we suggest that summertime eastward phase shifting of stationary waves at the LGM enhanced precipitation in the south-central United States and dried the southeastern United States. Mechanism denial experiments performed with version 3 of the Hadley Centre Coupled Model (HadCM3) indicate that the thermodynamic effect of the Laurentide Ice Sheet forced eastward phase shifting of stationary waves. By comparing a synthesis of LGM proxies to the PMIP3 ensemble, we find models that compare more favorably to the reconstructions simulate a weaker Laurentide ice thermodynamic effect, smaller eastward phase shifting of stationary waves, and weaker jet stream anomalies.

Significance Statement
Our study is motivated by the impact of climate change on hydroclimate in North America, especially in the semiarid areas near the southwestern United States, and the persistent problem of significant disagreements among CMIP model projections. Yet modern models and observations alone cannot tell us the likeliest climate change outcome in this region. Here we analyze precipitation during the LGM reconstructed from proxies and as simulated by the PMIP3, which reveal a precipitation trend with wetting in the southwestern United States and drying in the southeastern United States. Our interpretation of the PMIP3 simulations involves application of simple theories for midlatitude stationary waves, and indicates that the LGM precipitation is generated by the phase shift of stationary waves from the enhancement of jet speeds. Our model–data comparison also suggests that in the PMIP3 simulations, weak LGM jet stream anomalies, due to weak polar amplification, compare more favorably to the proxies.
Impacts of Observation Forward Operator on Infrared Radiance Data Assimilation with Fine Model Resolutions
Authors: Zhou Linfan , Lei Lili , Tan Zhe-Min , Zhang Yi , Di Di 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
All-sky radiance assimilation often has non-Gaussian observation error distributions, which can be exacerbated by high model spatial resolutions due to better resolved nonlinear physical processes. For ensemble Kalman filters, observation ensemble perturbations can be approximated by the linearized observation operator (LinHx) that uses the observation operator Jacobian of ensemble mean rather than the full observation operator (FullHx). The impact of observation operator on infrared radiance data assimilation is examined here by assimilating synthetic radiance observations from channel 1025 of GIIRS with increased model spatial resolutions from 7.5 km to 300 m. A tropical cyclone is used, while the findings are expected to be generally applied. Compared to FullHx, LinHx provides larger magnitudes of correlations and stronger corrections around observation locations, especially when all-sky radiances are assimilated at fine model resolutions. For assimilating clear-sky radiances with increasing model resolutions, LinHx has smaller errors and improved vortex intensity and structure than FullHx. But when all-sky radiances are assimilated, FullHx has advantages over LinHx. Thus, for regimes with more linearity, LinHx provides stronger correlations and imposes more corrections than FullHx; but for regimes with more nonlinearity, LinHx provides detrimental non-Gaussian prior error distributions in observation space, unrealistic correlations, and overestimated corrections, compared to FullHx.

Significance Statement
Assimilating satellite radiances has been essential for numerical weather prediction. All-sky radiance assimilation can improve the analyses and forecasts of tropical cyclones, but it often has non-Gaussian observation error distributions. With increased model resolutions, nonlinear physical processes can be better resolved, which leads to non-Gaussian error distributions of state variables. Nonlinearity and non-Gaussianity impose great challenges for data assimilation (DA), since most DA theories assume linear processes and Gaussian error distributions. As the spatial resolutions of observations and numerical models will keep increasing, the potential issues of assimilating high-spatial-resolution observations given fine model resolutions need to be examined. The linearized observation forward operator, as an alternative to remedy non-Gaussianity for radiance DA, is investigated. With model resolution increasing from 7.5 km to 300 m, the linearized observation operator has advantages over the full observation operator for assimilating clear-sky radiances, but the opposite is true for assimilating all-sky radiances.
Leukocyte and Platelet Related Inflammatory Indicators and Risk of Carotid and Femoral Plaques: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Southeast China
Authors: Feng Ruimei , Dai Yiquan , Du Shanshan , Liang Wenbin , Chen Hongyu , Chen Cheng , He Tianmin , Tao Tao , Hu Zhijian , Guo Pingfan , Ye Weimin 
Published: September 2022

The associations between several blood inflammatory indicators and risk of vascular plaques remain inconclusive. A total of 4596 native rural residents in Southeast China were enrolled from the Fuqing cohort study. Blood cell counts and their composite indexes including the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and 2 novel indicators (systemic immune inflammation index (SII) and systemic immune inflammation response index (SIRI)) were considered as inflammatory indicators. Common carotid and femoral intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaques were assessed using B-mode ultrasound. Unconditional or multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate potential associations. The prevalence of multiple femoral plaques (defined as IMT ≥1.5 mm) was significantly higher among participants with the highest tertile of total leukocyte count (odds ratio, 1.78), neutrophil count (1.88), monocyte count (2.51), platelet count (1.68), NLR (1.93), PLR (1.57), SII (2.10), and SIRI (2.94). Higher levels of neutrophil count, platelet count, NLR, and SII were also found to have significant linear dose-response relationships with the prevalence of stenosis, especially in femoral arteries. In conclusion, several blood inflammatory biomarkers may contribute to, or are associated with, the presence of IMT ≥1.5 mm or stenosis especially in femoral arteries.
Enhanced Stent Imaging System Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Is Linked to Optimize Stent Placement
Authors: Avcı İlhan İlker , Zeren Gönül , Sungur Mustafa Azmi , Akdeniz Evliya , Şimşek Barış , Yılmaz Mehmet Fatih , Can Fatma , Gürkan Ufuk , Karagöz Ali , Tanboğa İbrahim Halil , Karabay Can Yücel 
Published: September 2022

Stent under-expansion is a predictor of restenosis and stent thrombosis. It remains uncertain whether enhanced stent imaging (ESI) (CLEARstent) guidance can improve stent under-expansion. Our aim was to assess the effect of using ESI on stent under-expansion, after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in a single center, cross-sectional observational study. Participants attending our cardiology clinic with stable angina or acute coronary syndrome, from March to September 2020 were recruited. A total of 164 patients who underwent post-PCI ESI (CLEARstent) were compared with 77 age- and sex-matched control patients. Post-procedural minimal lumen diameter (MLD) was calculated. The patients in the ESI-guided PCI group, had a median age of 61 (54–69 IQR 25-75) years and 76.8% (n = 126) were males. The patients in ESI-guided PCI group had a greater minimal lumen diameter compared with the X-ray guided PCI group (βeta coefficient:2.88 (95% CI:2.58–2.99) vs βeta coefficient 2.55 (95% CI 2.34–2.63), P < .001). Our finding supports the use of the ESI system to optimize stent placement as expressed by the MLD.
Physician perspectives on benefits in patient care from UNC-Project Malawi
Authors: Yang Yi , Chen Charles B , Tolleson-Rinehart Sue 
Published: September 2022

Background: The growth of academic medical centres associated with international programmes has raised questions about the benefits and harms of medical experiences abroad for medical trainees and patients. Few studies explore the potential benefits to the institution or country that send these individuals. Objective: This pilot qualitative study explores the benefits medical professionals perceive they bring back to the USA from their global health experiences abroad. Methods: Medical staff who participated in University of North Carolina (UNC)–Project Malawi and who could meet for an in-person interview from October 2016 – March 2017 were recruited. Interviews were guided by an a priori semi-structured questionnaire. Each interview was transcribed and analysed by three reviewers. Results: A total of 8 out of 13 (62%) eligible potential respondents were interviewed. Participants perceived UNC-Project Malawi to benefit themselves, partnership institutions, and patients in Malawi, North Carolina, and throughout the world. After returning to UNC, participants recalled specific instances of increased diagnostic confidence (2/8) influenced by their experiences abroad. In addition, by partnering in research, participants felt that certain concepts were advanced including the syndromic management of symptomatic patients with sexually transmitted infections (1/8), the use of antiretroviral therapy to treat and prevent HIV transmission (2/8), and malaria vaccine development (1/8). Conclusion: Participants perceived that their global health experience either influenced their thought processes concerning the medical management of patients in the USA or resulted in a better understanding of research relevant to the global standard of care for specific diseases. International academic medical centre partnerships can offer rich settings for career skills development and a unique platform for collaborating on the management of clinical diseases that affect patients globally. These benefits can be maximised by establishing bi-directional curriculum goals and defining shared research agendas.
Impact of a Medication Reconciliation Pharmacist Program on Appropriateness of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Treatment Durations at Hospital Discharge
Authors: Pelle Cayla M. , Berger Steven C. , Short Marintha R. , McCalla Anna W. , Foster Dana L. , Owen Monica C. 
Published: September 2022

Background: Antimicrobial stewardship programs have made large efforts to minimize the inappropriate use of antibiotics. Implementation of these programs can be challenging, since many institutions have limited resources. Utilizing resources that already exist may be beneficial, including medication reconciliation pharmacist (MRP) programs. This study aims to evaluate the impact of a MRP program on appropriateness of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treatment durations at hospital discharge. Methods: This study was a retrospective, observational, single-center study comparing the total days of antibiotic therapy for CAP in the preintervention period (9/2020-11/2020) versus the post-intervention period (9/2021-11/2021). Implementation of a new clinical intervention occurred between the 2 periods and included education to MRPs on appropriate CAP treatment durations and on documentation of recommendations. Data was collected utilizing a chart review of the electronic medical record of patients diagnosed with CAP using ICD-10 codes. The primary objective of this study was to compare the total days of antibiotic therapy in the pre-intervention period versus the postintervention period. Results: One-hundred fifty-five patients were included in the primary analysis. When observing total days of antibiotic therapy, there was no change from the pre-intervention period at 8 days compared to the postintervention period ( P = .109). When analyzing antibiotic days of therapy at discharge, there was a decrease from 4.55 days in the preintervention period compared to 3.8 days in the post-intervention period ( P = .109). The incidence of those with appropriate treatment durations, defined as 5 to 7 days of antibiotic therapy, was higher in the post-intervention period (26.5% in the pre-intervention group vs 37.9% in the post-intervention group, P = .460). Conclusions: There was a non-statistically significant decrease in median days of antimicrobial therapy for CAP at hospital discharge after implementation of a new clinical intervention targeting antibiotic days of therapy. Though median total antibiotic days of therapy were similar between both time periods, patients had an overall increase in incidence of appropriate duration of therapy, defined as 5 to 7 days, after intervention. Further studies are necessary to show how MRPs have a positive impact on improving outpatient antibiotic prescribing at hospital discharge.
“The Dark Farewell to the Light of Life”: A Qualitative Study About Prenatal Loss
Authors: Küçük Öztürk Gülhan , Elmas Semra 
Published: September 2022

Aim This study was conducted to determine the experiences of women who encountered loss in the prenatal period. Method This study was a qualitative study conducted using the phenomenological method and was conducted according to the guidelines of the COREQ checklist. A total of 11 women who were experienced loss in the early prenatal period were interviewed. The data were analyzed using the content analysis. Results Three main themes and eight sub-themes emerged. The themes were light of life (bubble of happiness, journey), dark farewell (silent scream inside, unfinished tale: motherhood, loneliness, family approach) and obscurity (uncertainty about the future, need for support). Women expressed that the loss process had negative effects on their mental health and that they needed help. Conclusion Pregnancy illuminates women’s lives, while prenatal loss involves intense and various negative emotions, and women need support in many ways. These results show that women who experienced loss in the prenatal period should be allowed to express their feelings, thoughts and experiences, and the risks in terms of mental health should be reduced by supporting them during the loss and mourning process.
Recent trends of open surgery for acute type A aortic dissection in Japan
Authors: Okita Yutaka 
Published: September 2022

Objective Reporting clinical outcomes of acute type A aortic dissection. Methods Data derived from the survey of the Japanese Association for Thoracic Surgery, the Japan Cardiovascular Database, and the Japanese Registry of All Cardiac and Vascular Diseases were analyzed. Results Between 2012 and 2015, the Japanese Registry of All Cardiac and Vascular Diseases study collected 13,131 patients and the hospital mortality was 24.3%. The surgical mortality was significantly lower than medical one (11.8% vs 49.7%; p < 0.001). The Japanese Association for Thoracic Surgery survey disclosed the number of surgeries has been increased to 6157 in 2018 and the hospital death has decreased to 10.5%. The Japan Cardiovascular Database, collected 29,486 patients from 2013 to 2018. Age at surgery was 59.8  ±  14.2 years and patients younger than 65 years in 61% and 21% were older than 75 years. Ninety-four percent had surgery within 24 h after diagnosis. Antegrade cerebral perfusion was used in 74% and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest with/without retrograde cerebral perfusion in 26%. Replacement of the ascending aorta was performed in 62% and total arch replacement in 28%. The aortic valve was replaced in 7.9% and repaired in 4.4%. The hospital mortality was 11%. New stroke occurred in 12%, hemodialysis in 7.3%, paraplegia in 3.9%, and prolonged ventilation in 15%. Conclusion The number of operations for type A aortic dissection has increased, and hospital mortality has improved. Although the early results after surgery for type A aortic dissection are acceptable, new strategies to improve early outcomes in patients with preoperative comorbidities are required.
Developmental trajectories of children’s sibling jealousy after the birth of a sibling: Strict parental control, parenting stress and parental depression as pre-birth predictors
Authors: Chen Bin-Bin , Ning Min , Lv Jing 
Published: September 2022

This longitudinal research identified the developmental trajectories of sibling jealousy in firstborn children (M age = 49.9 months; 55% boys) among 107 Chinese families from 1 to 12 months after the birth of a younger sibling. Four sibling jealousy trajectories were identified: (a) low-increasing, (b) middle-stable, (c) high-stable, and (d) sharp-increasing. Trajectory group membership varied as a function of pre-birth parental factors including strict parental control (i.e., tiger parenting), parenting stress, and parental depression. These results highlight the benefit of examining the development of sibling jealousy over the transition to siblinghood and the importance to recognize pre-birth parental characteristics, especially paternal factors, as determinants when identifying children who may be at greater risk of adjustment difficulties following the birth of a younger sibling.
Vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring in patients on continuous renal replacement therapy: a retrospective study
Authors: Liu Yuyan , Jiang Li , Lou Ran , Wang Meiping , Si Quan 
Published: September 2022

Objectives This study aimed to investigate vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in patients on continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and explore the risk factors for exceeding the target concentration. Methods This retrospective study enrolled patients aged ≥18 years who were admitted to the intensive care unit and treated with ≥3 intravenous vancomycin doses during CRRT, and who underwent vancomycin TDM. Demographic and other information were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was used assess the risk factors for exceeding the target concentration. Results Sixty-nine patients were included, and 40.6% patients underwent TDM. Additionally, 14.5% of patients reached the optimal concentration, and 87.5% of patients who exceeded the target received a daily dose adjustment. The cumulative dose of vancomycin and serum albumin were risk factors for exceeding the target concentration in patients on CRRT. Conclusions Patients on CRRT did not meet the optimal vancomycin management; <50% of the patients routinely received vancomycin TDM, and <15% achieved the optimal concentration. Fewer patients in the subtherapeutic group received a daily dose adjustment than those who exceeded the target concentration. Cumulative vancomycin and serum albumin doses before TDM were the risk factors for exceeding the target concentration in CRRT patients.
The association between heart rate variability and skin conductance: a correlation analysis in healthy individuals and patients with somatic symptom disorder comorbid with depression and anxiety
Authors: Huang Wei-Lieh , Ko Li-Chin , Liao Shih-Cheng 
Published: September 2022

Objective To investigate the correlations between heart rate variability (HRV) and skin conductance (SC) in two populations under three different situations. Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled patients with somatic symptom disorder comorbid with depression and anxiety and healthy individuals without a psychiatric history. The biological signals were measured under three conditions: resting state, during a cognitive task and during paced breathing. Pearson’s correlation analysis and the generalized estimating equation were used to examine the correlations between SC and HRV in the two populations under the three situations. Results The study enrolled 97 patients with somatic symptom disorder comorbid with depression and anxiety and 96 healthy individuals. In healthy individuals, the ratio of low-frequency power to high frequency power (LF/HF) and normalized LF (LF%) were significantly correlated with SC in the resting state and during a cognitive task, but the correlation coefficients were low level. In patients with somatic symptom disorder comorbid with depression and anxiety, LF/HF and LF% did not show significant correlations with SC under any situation. Conclusions The two different populations and three situations might have affected the significance of the LF/HF-SC and LF%-SC correlations. The generally low correlations indicate that LF/HF and LF% cannot fully reflect the sympathetic cholinergic activity represented by SC.
Body mass index and comorbidities are associated with the duration of COVID-19 symptoms in non-hospitalized patients
Authors: Šarčević Zoran , Tepavčević Andreja 
Published: September 2022

Objective Evidence indicates that people with a high body mass index (BMI) tend to develop more severe forms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we aimed to determine the association between the duration of COVID-19 symptoms and variables such as BMI, age, presence of comorbidities, and smoking in non-hospitalized patients. Methods In this observational cross-sectional analytical study, we analyzed the data of patients with COVID-19 but without severe manifestations. We conducted descriptive statistics, non-parametric tests, and multivariate quasi-Poisson regression in the analysis. The quasi-Poisson regression model was configured with the duration of COVID-19 symptoms as the response variable, and BMI and the presence of comorbidities as the explanatory variables. Results Among 302 non-hospitalized patients, we found a significant difference in COVID-19 symptom duration between the overweight group and the group with normal weight. Multivariate quasi-Poisson regression analysis showed that BMI and the presence of comorbidities were associated with the duration of COVID-19 symptoms. On the contrary, sex, age, and smoking status were not related to COVID-19 symptom duration. Conclusions BMI and comorbidities were associated with the duration of COVID-19 symptoms in non-hospitalized patients.