bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of abdominal obesity and associated risk factors among women civil servants in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021: an institution-based study
Authors: Bereka Solomon Gebretsadik , Demisse Ayele Worku , Getahun Genanew Kassie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAbdominal obesity increases the risk of cardio-metabolic diseases, disability, and poor quality of life, as well as health-care costs. It is a component of the metabolic syndrome, along with hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of abdominal obesity and associated risk factors among female civil servants in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in 2021.MethodsAn institution-based cross-sectional study was undertaken from March31stto April 15th, 2021.A multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select 478 study participants. Data was entered into EpiData version 3.1 and then exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. A descriptive data analysis was used to present the distribution of study variables. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were used to assess the relationship between independent variables and abdominal obesity at 95% CI. The level of statistical significance was declared at ap-value less than 0.05.ResultThe prevalence of abdominal obesity defined by waist circumference was found to be29.5% (95% CI: 25.39-33.6%) and 32.8% (95% CI: 28.57%-37.03%) by waist hip ratio, respectively. Age group 29-37 years [AOR= 2.451, 95% CI: (1.199-5.013)], age group 38-46 years [AOR=3.807, 95% CI: (1.328-10.914)], age group 47-55 years [AOR=6.489, 95% CI: (1.367-30.805)], being married [AOR= 4.762, 95% CI: (2.321-9.721)],consumption of meat >=5 per week[ AOR= 4.764, 95% CI: (1.939-11.711)], having lunch daily[AOR= 0.388, 95% CI:(0.166-0.910)] and snack consumption [AOR=4.163, 95% CI:(1.503-11.534)] were significantly associated with abdominal obesity.ConclusionThe prevalence of abdominal obesity as measured by waist circumference and waist hip ratio was found to be moderate and high, respectively. Age, being married, high consumption of meat, and having lunch daily were identified as associated with abdominal obesity. Healthy diet health education and nutrition intervention should be considered, with a focus on married, meat-consuming, and older age-group female civil servants.
The prevalence of workplace violence and related factors in the emergency department staff of Iran: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Noorullahi Shayan , Safaie Nilufar , Soltani-Kermanshahi Mojtaba , Mansori Kamyar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
To determine the prevalence of workplace violence and related factors in the emergency department staff of Kosar Hospital of Semnan City (Iran) during 2020–2021. This cross sectional study was performed on 202 medical personnel working in the emergency department of Kosar Hospital in Semnan City. Sampling was done by census. Two questionnaires were used to collect data. The first included demographic characteristics and the second was workplace violence questionnaire in the health sector which was evaluated in term of validity and reliability. Finally, data was analyzed using SPSS26 and P value < 0.05 was considered as a significant level.

Results
Content validity index (CVI) was obtained more than 0.79 and content validity ratio (CVR) was more than 0.70 for all questions. Also, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient with 0.89 confirmed the reliability. The mean (S.D) age of participants was 28.12 (6.72) years and 53.5% (108) were male. The overall prevalence of workplace violence was 88.1%. The prevalence of verbal, physical, sexual and racial violence was 98.9, 25.2, 2, and 2.5%, respectively. There was a statistically significant relationship between occupational row and shift work and with workplace violence (P value < 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant relationship between age, gender, education, work experience, work experience in the emergency, employment status, and number of patients cared for shift with the occurrence of violence (P value > 0.05).

Conclusions
The prevalence of workplace violence in emergency department personnel is high, which can lead to many physical and psychological complications, so the design and implementation of prevention programs in these employees seems necessary.
Burden of enthesitis on the quality of life and work productivity in psoriatic arthritis patients
Authors: Fahmi Dalia S. , Makarm Wafaa K. , Zaghlol Rabab S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) which affects 6–42% of psoriasis patients is the most common extra-cutaneous manifestation of the psoriasis disease. Enthesitis may be considered as a sign of increased disease burden due to its association with several clinical aspects. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of clinical enthesitis on quality of life and work productivity in PsA patients.

Results
Enthesitis was detected in 50% of patients. There was statistically significant difference between the studied groups as regard disease activity index for psoriatic arthritis (DAPSA) score, psoriatic arthritis impact of the disease 12 (PsAID-12), Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index (HAQ-DI), and Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada index (SPARCC) with higher mean score in patients with enthesitis. The majority of patients with enthesitis had a higher percentage of impairment in daily activities (95.5%) than those without enthesitis (38.6%), as well as a statistically significant positive correlation between SPARCC index and both work absenteeism and work productivity loss. Furthermore, enthesitis in both the upper and lower sites was related with worse quality of life (36.4%) and higher work impairment (45.5%) compared to patients with enthesitis in either the upper or lower sites alone.

Conclusion
Enthesitis was a frequent complaint among PsA patients. PsA patients with enthesitis had a significant disease burden regardless of enthesitis location, and patients with enthesitis in both the upper and lower sites have a worse quality of life and a higher work impairment.
A deep learning-enhanced framework for multiphysics joint inversion
Authors: Hu Yanyan , Wei Xiaolong , Wu Xuqing , Sun Jiajia , Chen Jiuping , Huang Yueqin , Chen Jiefu 
Published: October 2022

Joint inversion has drawn considerable attention due to the availability of multiple geophysical data sets, ever-increasing computational resources, the development of advanced algorithms, and its ability to reduce inversion uncertainty. A key issue of joint inversion is to develop effective strategies to link different geophysical data in a unified mathematical framework, in which the information obtained from different models can complement each other. We have developed a deep learning-enhanced joint inversion framework to simultaneously reconstruct different physical models by fusing different types of geophysical data. Traditionally, structure similarity constraints are pursued by joint inversion algorithms using manually crafted formulations (e.g., cross gradient). The constraint is constructed by a deep neural network (DNN) during the learning process. The framework is designed to combine the DNN and a traditional independent inversion workflow and improve the joint inversion result iteratively. The network can be easily extended to incorporate multiphysics without structural changes. Numerical experiments on the joint inversion of 2D DC resistivity data and seismic traveltime are used to validate our method. In addition, this learning-based framework demonstrates excellent generalization abilities when tested on data sets using different geologic structures. It also can handle different sensing configurations and nonconforming discretization.
A pilot randomised controlled trial to assess the feasibility and acceptability of recovery-focused therapy for older adults with bipolar disorder
Authors: Tyler Elizabeth , Lobban Fiona , Sutton Christopher , Hadarag Bogdan , Johnson Sheri , Depp Colin , Duncan Deborah , Jones Steven H. 
Published: October 2022

Background
Despite increasing evidence for the effectiveness of individual psychological interventions for bipolar disorder, research on older adults is lacking. We report the first randomised controlled trial of psychological therapy designed specifically for older adults with bipolar disorder.

Aims
To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of recovery-focused therapy, designed in collaboration with older people living with bipolar disorder.

Method
A parallel, two-armed, randomised controlled trial comparing treatment as usual with up to 14 sessions of recovery-focused therapy plus treatment as usual, for older adults with bipolar disorder.

Results
Thirty-nine participants (67% female, mean age 67 years) were recruited over a 17-month period. Feasibility and acceptability of recruitment, retention (>80% observer-rated outcomes at both 24 and 48 weeks) and intervention processes were demonstrated. The majority of participants started therapy when offered, adhered to the intervention (68% attended all sessions and 89% attended six or more sessions) and reported positive benefits. Clinical assessment measures provide evidence of a signal for effectiveness on a range of outcomes including mood symptoms, time to relapse and functioning. No trial-related serious adverse events were identified.

Conclusions
Recovery-focused therapy is feasible, acceptable and has the potential to improve a range of outcomes for people living with bipolar disorder in later life. A large-scale trial is warranted to provide a reliable estimate of its clinical and cost-effectiveness.
A mutation in THREONINE SYNTHASE 1 uncouples proliferation and transition domains of the root apical meristem: experimental evidence and in silico proposed mechanism
Authors: García-Gómez Monica L. , Reyes-Hernández Blanca J. , Sahoo Debee P. , Napsucialy-Mendivil Selene , Quintana-Armas Aranza X. , Pedroza-García José A. , Shishkova Svetlana , Torres-Martínez Héctor H. , Pacheco-Escobedo Mario A. , Dubrovsky Joseph G. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
A continuum from stem to transit-amplifying to a differentiated cell state is a common theme in multicellular organisms. In the plant root apical meristem (RAM), transit-amplifying cells are organized into two domains: cells from the proliferation domain (PD) are displaced to the transition domain (TD), suggesting that both domains are necessarily coupled. Here, we show that in the Arabidopsis thaliana mto2-2 mutant, in which threonine (Thr) synthesis is affected, the RAM lacks the PD. Through a combination of cell length profile analysis, mathematical modeling and molecular markers, we establish that the PD and TD can be uncoupled. Remarkably, although the RAM of mto2-2 is represented solely by the TD, the known factors of RAM maintenance and auxin signaling are expressed in the mutant. Mathematical modeling predicts that the stem cell niche depends on Thr metabolism and that, when disturbed, the normal continuum of cell states becomes aborted.
Mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter haploinsufficiency enhances long-term potentiation at hippocampal mossy fibre synapses
Authors: Devine Michael J. , Szulc Blanka R. , Howden Jack H. , López-Doménech Guillermo , Ruiz Arnaud , Kittler Josef T. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Long-term changes in synaptic strength form the basis of learning and memory. These changes rely upon energy-demanding mechanisms, which are regulated by local Ca2+ signalling. Mitochondria are optimised for providing energy and buffering Ca2+. However, our understanding of the role of mitochondria in regulating synaptic plasticity is incomplete. Here, we have used optical and electrophysiological techniques in cultured hippocampal neurons and ex vivo hippocampal slices from mice with haploinsufficiency of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU+/−) to address whether reducing mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake alters synaptic transmission and plasticity. We found that cultured MCU+/− hippocampal neurons have impaired Ca2+ clearance, and consequently enhanced synaptic vesicle fusion at presynapses occupied by mitochondria. Furthermore, long-term potentiation (LTP) at mossy fibre (MF) synapses, a process which is dependent on presynaptic Ca2+ accumulation, is enhanced in MCU+/− slices. Our results reveal a previously unrecognised role for mitochondria in regulating presynaptic plasticity of a major excitatory pathway involved in learning and memory.
Invasive techniques for the removal of necrotic tissue in chronic wounds, a systematic review
Authors: Paraskevas Georgios 
Published: October 2022

Background: One of the most challenging problems facing the medical community, is the treatment of chronic wounds. Wound bed debridement is a crucial factor in healing any type of wound and there are new invasive methods like low frequency ultrasound frequency debridement, hydro surgery and coblation technology that look very promising alternatives to the current “gold standard’’ of sharp debridement.
Method and Material: A search of ‘PubMed’, ‘Cochrane database of systematic reviews ‘and ‘Science Direct’ digital databases were made for studies between the years of 2010-2019. Material was randomized controlled trials, cohort studies and prospective or retrospective studies on the subject.
Results: Our search revealed 1933 articles. After removing 118 duplicates 1815 articles were screened, a further 1568 were removed because of their type and of the remaining 247, 165 were removed after title reading. Finally, of the remaining 82 articles, 71 were rejected after full reading thus bringing the total number of the articles examined in this systematic review to 11.
Conclusions: The advanced methods of mechanical debridement seem to be less time consuming, more accurate and at the same or lower cost than sharp debridement. Additionally, they offer faster healing rate while reducing the bacterial load of the wound at a greater percentage than sharp debridement.
Digital-twin-enabled 6G network autonomy and generative intelligence: Architecture, technologies and applications
Authors: Shu Min , sun wanfei , zhang jing , duan xiaoyan , ai ming 
Published: October 2022

Background: The 6G network provides on-demand services and efficient governance, which is an important capability of the 6G network in the future. Providing more flexibility, availability, and dynamicity in services and network function enablement face many challenges in the 6G network due to the system complexity. To fulfill the requirement of the new generation of a digital and intelligent network, the 6G architecture with digital twin as a new enabler technology, is expected to evolve in the network autonomy and generative intelligence properties, which could optimize and adapt the network and services themselves to a variety of scenarios and deployments. Methods: To achieve 6G network autonomy and generative intelligence, we propose an architecture based on digital twin technology. This architecture integrates the digital twin network with the minimalist network and supports single-domain autonomous and cross-domain collaboration via centralized-distributed digital twin deployment, and defines the interactions between the digital twin and the service layer as well as the physical network. Results: Based on the analysis of the architecture, we put forward the following design principles for the 6G digital twin network architecture: decoupling, interactions, endogenous AI, distribution, heterogeneity, autonomous, and closed-loop. In addition, we get the key technologies achieving collaboration efficiently between the network autonomy domain and generative intelligence domain in the distributed digital twin system. Important application directions of the 6G digital twin network architecture are also analyzed. Conclusions: In this paper, the new digital-twin-enabled 6G architecture and 6G digital twin network architecture design principles are proposed. The key technologies and important application of digital-twin-enabled 6G architecture are provided.
Mutation patterns of resistance genes for macrolides, aminoglycosides, and rifampicin in nontuberculous mycobacteria isolates from Kenya
Authors: Mwangi Zakayo , Naeku Grace , Mureithi Marianne , Onyambu Frank , Bulimo Wallace 
Published: October 2022

Background: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) treatment constitutes a macrolide-based antibiotic regimen in combination with aminoglycosides for Rapid-Growing mycobacteria (RGM), and rifampicin for Slow-Growing mycobacteria (SGM). Mutations in the anti-NTM drug target regions promote NTM evolution to mutant strains that are insusceptible to NTM drugs leading to treatment failure. We, therefore, described the mutation patterns of anti-NTM drug target genes including rrl, rrs, and rpoB in NTM isolates from Kenya. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study that included 122 NTM obtained from the sputum of symptomatic tuberculosis-negative patients in Kenya. All the 122 NTM underwent targeted sequencing of the rrl gene. The 54 RGM were also sequenced for rrs, and the 68 SGM were sequenced for rpoB genes using ABI 3730XL analyzer. The obtained sequences were aligned to their wild-type reference sequences for each gene using Geneious then mutations were identified. Pearson chi-square at 95% confidence interval tested the association of NTM to mutation patterns for each gene. Results: Twenty-eight (23%) of the NTM were resistant to at least one of the antibiotics used in the macrolide-based treatment. Twelve (10.4%) of NTM were macrolide resistant, with 7(58.3%) of RGM and 5(41.7%) of SGM having mutations in the rrl gene. For ten (83.3%) NTM, mutations were found at position 2058, while for two (16.6%) NTM, mutations were found at position 2059. Six (11.1%) of the 54 RGM exhibited mutations in the aminoglycoside target gene rrs at location 1408. Ten (14.7%) of the 68 SGM were resistant to rifampicin, with 40 percent having mutations at codon 531 in the rpoB gene. Conclusion: We demonstrated a significant level of drug resistance for macrolides, aminoglycosides and rifampicin in NTM isolated from symptomatic TB negative patients in Kenya.
Evaluation of left ventricular systolic function in children with sickle cell anemia: contribution of 2D strain
Authors: Chenik Sarra , Noamen Aymen , Bouslimi Abyr , Mahfoudhi Houaida , Hannachi Sadok , Barakizou Hager , Mejri Islam , Znegui Tasnim , Fehri Wafa 
Published: October 2022

Background: Cardiovascular involvement is not well studied in children with sickle cell disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the echocardiographic parameters and to investigate speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) interest in detecting subclinical myocardial impairment of children with sickle cell disease. Methods: The study was directed in the echocardiographic laboratory in the military hospital of Tunis between July 2018 and December 2018. 30 patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) and 30 controls were compared. The echocardiographic measurements were indexed according to body surface. Cardiac output, left ventricular ejection fraction, wall thickness, as well as LV 2-D longitudinal systolic strain were assessed. Results: The SCA Group included 30 patients (11.8 ± 2yrs, sex ratio: 1.31) with homozygous SCA and the C Group included 30 healthy controls (12.7 ± 1,2yrs, sex ratio: 1.27). According to the findings, SCA Group showed significantly larger LV diameter (36.2±2.5mm/m2 vs 29.3±1.3mm/m2, p=0.005). SCA Group also showed lower LV ejection fraction (62%±0.5 vs 65%±5, p=0.001). No significant difference was observed for cardiac output (p=0.4). Otherwise, two-dimensional longitudinal strain of LV was higher in SCA group (-21%±3.07 vs -25%±2.98; p<0.01). Conclusions: Our study highlights several cardiac abnormalities in children with SCA, which could represent a marker of disease severity and point out the importance of the cardiologic screening of these patients.
Application of the DanOBS questionnaire combined with a patient-centered consultation video for measuring teaching efficacy in a general practice course.
Authors: Jorgensen Merete , Thorsen Hanne , Siersma Volkert , Bang Christine 
Published: October 2022

Introduction Diverse ways to measure course effectiveness in medical education exist, but it takes time to have the results. The authors have developed a tool consisting of a questionnaire (DanOBS) combined with a test video consultation. The students watched a consultation video and completed a questionnaire about patient-centered elements before and after the course. This study aimed to assess the utility of a new quick tool for measuring efficacy in teaching the patient-centered consultation model. Method Altogether 201 students from autumn 2019 were included in this study, assigned by the university to three general practice courses and six small study groups. After introducing the patient-centered consultation model on the first day of the course, the students watched a video consultation and completed the DanOBS online on their Mobile Phones. They watched the video and completed the questionnaire again on one of the last days of the course. The number of correct answers in each item was compared before and after the course. Furthermore, effect sizes for each item were calculated. Results The number of students completing the questionnaire before and after the course was 161. The number of correct answers increased after the course. Items where the teaching was a success, as well as items where it needs intensifying, were identified. The DanOBS instrument reflected the effect of strengthening the learning in some elements of the patient-centered mode. Conclusion A tool for measuring efficacy in teaching patient-centered consultation has been implemented and has given valuable information to teachers about where the students need intensified teaching. The tool can measure the effectiveness of various educational interventions.