bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semi-supervised Remote Sensing Image Scene Classification Based on Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Guo Dongen , Wu Zechen , Zhang Yuanzheng , Shen Zhen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWith the availability of numerous high-resolution remote sensing images, remote sensing image scene classification has been widely used in various fields. Compared with the field of natural images, the insufficient number of labeled remote sensing images limits the performance of supervised scene classification, while unsupervised methods are difficult to meet the practical applications. Therefore, this paper proposes a semi-supervised remote sensing image scene classification method using generative adversarial networks. The proposed method introduces dense residual block, pre-trained Inception V3 networks, gating unit, pyramidal convolution, and spectral normalization into GANs to promote the semi-supervised classification performance. To be specific, the pre-trained Inception V3 network is introduced to extract semantic features to enhance the feature discriminant capability. The gating unit is utilized to capture the relationships among features. The pyramidal convolution is integrated into dense residual block to capture different levels of details to strengthen the feature representation capability. The spectral normalization is introduced to stabilize the GANs training to improve semi-supervised classification accuracy. Extensive experimental results on publicly available EuroSAT and UC Merced datasets show that the proposed method gains the highest overall accuracy, especially when only a few labeled samples are available.
Two-Year Analysis of a New Oral Testosterone Undecanoate (TU) Formulation in Hypogonadal Men: Efficacy, Impact on Psychosexual Function, and Safety
Authors: Honig Stanton , Gittelman Marc , Kaminetsky Jed , Wang Christina , Amory John K. , Rohowsky Nestor , Dudley Robert E. , Woun Seo B. , Newmark Jay , Swerdloff Ronald 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundLong-term data evaluating the efficacy and safety of oral testosterone undecanoate (oral TU; JATENZO) in adult hypogonadal men provides important information for healthcare professionals who prescribe testosterone replacement therapy (TRT).AimTo determine the efficacy and safety of long-term oral TU therapy, including its impact on total testosterone (T) levels and psychosexual functioning.MethodsHypogonadal men, between 18 and 75 years old, (mean age 56.2; 87.2% white) who completed a 12-month, open-label, multicenter, randomized, active-controlled trial were given the opportunity to enroll in a 12-month extension study. Among the 129 eligible TU-treated subjects, 86 chose this option, and 69 completed 24 months of uninterrupted oral TU therapy.OutcomesThe efficacy of oral TU was documented by measuring total serum T concentrations; sexual function was measured using the Psychosexual Daily Questionnaire (PDQ). For safety, liver function tests, cardiovascular endpoints, and prostate health were measured.ResultsOver 2 years, total serum T concentrations for patients treated with oral TU were in the eugonadal range (300–1,000 ng/dL [10–35 nmol/L]; mean ± SD: 617 ± 427 ng/dL [21 ± 15 nmol/L]) and increased significantly from baseline (P &lt; .0001). For sexual function, mean score changes versus baseline for all PDQ domains at all time points were significantly improved (P &lt; .0011 for all). For the sexual activity and sexual desire components, patient scores were consistently greater than validated thresholds for clinically meaningful change. Typical T-induced safety changes were observed, including a 3–6 mm Hg increase in systolic blood pressure (P &lt; .05); a slight increase in hematocrit (P &lt; .0001) that stayed &lt;48% throughout the study; no clinically significant changes in prostate-specific antigen levels; and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-9.8 ± 0.9 mg/dL from baseline; P &lt; .0001). There were no clinically significant changes from baseline in liver function tests.Clinical ImplicationsOver 2 years of treatment, this novel oral TU formulation maintained total T concentrations in mideugonadal ranges, with improvements in sexual function and no clinically significant changes in liver function or other safety concerns previously associated with oral TRT.Strengths & LimitationsThese are the first long-term data to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel formulation of oral TU; the comparative long-term safety of oral TU would be strengthened by confirmatory studies versus other TRT formulations.ConclusionOral TU offers a safe and effective long-term treatment option for men with hypogonadism.
Ethnic Minority Representation in Female Sexual Dysfunction Questionnaire Validation: A Scoping Review
Authors: Battle Carissa R. , Rubin Rachel S. , Kingsberg Sheryl A. , Alzweri Laith 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundFemale sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a significant cause of distress for an estimated 12–24% of women, and over the past 5 decades several questionnaires have been developed for clinical practice.AimThe purpose of this scoping review is to evaluate the ethnic representation of sample populations used in the studies to validate FSD questionnaires.MethodsA scoping review was performed using electronic databases, including PubMed and Scopus, to identify FSD questionnaires validated between 1976 and 2021. Weighted averages from the combined ethnicity data were compared to population data from 2019 US census data and 2018 healthcare workforce reports to evaluate epidemiologic diversity. Ethnicity data from each questionnaire were also investigated longitudinally to evaluate trends in representation over the past 50 years.OutcomesOur outcome of interest was comparison of the weighted averages for ethnicity categories from validation populations to the US female general population, US female health care workforce, and US census data.Results48 validation studies were reviewed and showed that the average ethnic representation of the study populations relative to the US general population and US female health care workforce, respectively, was: Caucasian (83.7% vs 62.7% and 68.5%), Black (7.8% vs 13.3% and 8.3%), Hispanic (3.6% vs 16.0% and 9.6%), Native American (0.1% vs 0.8% and 0.3%), Asian (0.6% vs 6.4% and 6.2%), and Other (3.1% vs 0.7% and 1.4%).Clinical ImplicationsFSD questionnaires are relied upon in research and clinical settings, so lack of diversity in validation populations could lead to under recognition and undertreatment in ethnic minority women.Strengths & LimitationsOur results are dependent on the quality of data available from previously published validation studies. We attempted to account for biases in lack of data and size of validation populations by using weighted averages for making comparisons. We chose the US general population and female healthcare workforce for comparison and analyzed validation populations across multiple decades and geographic locations. Many of the validation studies were performed at least 10 years ago and may not reflect the current state of FSD and potential of questionnaire responses of ethnic minority women. This manuscript raises critical awareness regarding the lack of validated instruments for FSD in ethnically diverse women.ConclusionStudy populations used to validate FSD questionnaires demonstrate a trend of ethnic minority underrepresentation relative to the US female general and healthcare workforce populations.
The human-machine partnership in UCAV operations
Authors: White A. D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAt a time when a great deal of research on UCAVs is aimed at maximising their autonomy it should not be forgotten that human operators will, ultimately, remain ‘in control’ to some degree. The decision-sharing relationship between the operator and the UCAV depends on political constraints as well as the intelligence of the UCAV system. This in turn dictates the amount and type of information to be exchanged and the way in which it is communicated with the operator.Operational flexibility is a key military driver and in order to achieve it, a variable autonomy command interface, combined with information fusion and intelligent decision-support systems, will be required. To be effective the operator will need to work in concert with the UCAV system rather than act simply as a command source and an information sink. The implications of this ‘partnership’ for command and monitoring requirements and in particular for weapons release authorisation, are discussed in this paper.
Left ventricular diastolic abnormalities in vegetarians compared with non-vegetarians
Authors: Varadarajan Padmini , Pai Ramdas G. , Fraser Gary E. , Abramov Dmitry , Jabo Brice , Mashchak Andrew , Herring Patricia , Burton Barbara , Sveen Lars E. , Knutsen Synnove F. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVegetarians have less hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity, hence possibly lower risk of congestive heart failure (HF). We studied associations between vegetarian diets and echocardiographic markers of stage B HF. In a cross-sectional study, dietary pattern was ascertained by a validated FFQ. Echocardiograms were interpreted using standardised criteria. Participants were free-living subjects in Southern California who were older Adventist Health Study-2 cohort members. After exclusions, 133 subjects aged >60 years were enrolled. Their mean age was 72·7 (sd 8·7) years, 48·1 % were female, 32 % were African American and 71 % were vegetarian. Non-vegetarians had higher body weight (80·3 (sd 15·17) kg v. 71·3 (sd 16·2), P < 0·005), body surface area (1·92 (sd 0·24) m2v. 1·81 (sd 0·22) m2, P = 0·01) and prevalence of hypertension (63 % v. 47 %, P = 0·10). Adjusting for age, sex, race and physical activity, it is found that vegetarians had greater echocardiographic mitral annular e’ velocity (a measure of left ventricular (LV) relaxation) 7·44 v. 6·48 (non-vegetarian) cm/s (P = 0·011) and a yet greater contrast when vegans (7·66 cm/s, P = 0·011) were the group of interest. The ratio mid-to-late-diastolic mitral flow velocity (E/A) was also higher in vegans compared with non-vegetarians (1·02 and 0·84, respectively, P = 0·008). Mediation analyses suggested these associations may be partly related to higher blood pressures and BMI in the non-vegetarians. We conclude that vegetarians, especially vegans, appear to have better LV relaxation and fewer diastolic abnormalities than others. As dietary exposure is modifiable, one may speculate pending further investigation about the potential for reduction of stage B HF and later mortality.
A MULTILATERAL OPTION FOR VAT IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE?
Authors: Xu Yan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractValue-added tax, the most common form of consumption tax in the world, operates on a destination principle to ensure it is levied only in the place of final consumption in cases of cross-border transactions. The international trade in services and intangibles through digital means poses two challenges: finding the place of consumption and collecting the tax when services supplied by businesses in one jurisdiction are instantaneously consumed by customers in another. This article examines these challenges and considers how unilateral action and soft international responses have so far failed to achieve consistent destination basis taxation. An alternative option would be to adopt a hard multilateral response that would overcome the limitations of unilateralism and soft-law approaches and achieve consistent destination basis taxation in the digitalised economy.
INDIRECT EXPROPRIATION AND THE PROTECTION OF PUBLIC INTERESTS
Authors: Riffel Christian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article analyses what is widely known as the police powers exemption found in modern international investment agreements, with a focus on mega-regional trade and investment agreements. It explores its legal nature and requirements, the burden of proof and issues of compensation. In an attempt to curb (indirect) expropriation claims, the exemption carves out non-discriminatory regulatory measures from the scope of indirect expropriation and in such situations no compensation needs to be paid. It follows that, as a rule, foreign investors are not protected against the adverse economic effects of regulatory measures. The key question addressed is whether host States can increase the level of protection given to public welfare objectives through the use of this exemption without having to compensate investors for the measures taken. The article argues that, under the proportionality test embodied in the exemption, States can provide the level of protection that they desire without incurring a risk of liability as regards expropriation claims.
On being Chinese and being complexified: Chinese IR as a transcultural project
Authors: Choi Inho 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhile proponents of Chinese IR pursue a national school based on the identification of Chineseness with the Chinese national culture, its critics find a limited value in the ‘Chinese’ school as a mere temporary site for non-Western agencies. In contrast, I argue a distinctive and enduring Chinese IR is possible if it adopts a non-national and non-essentialised transcultural conception of Chineseness. This transcultural Chinese IR is based first on the contested and transcultural conception of Chineseness and second on the ontology of Chineseness as immanent humanity. Chineseness has been a fiction of a privileged descent from antiquity, which various contestants claimed by redefining the meaning of Chineseness. The shi elites, in particular, developed Chineseness as an aspirational ethos that propelled it to transcend its cultural boundary by incorporating foreign influences and thereby rendered Chineseness transcultural. Also, drawing on the ontological turn and Roy Wagner's work in anthropology, I show how Chineseness as immanent humanity transcends the category of culture, transforming the division of innate nature and constructed culture. The transcultural Chinese IR, with its own complexity and universal aspiration, uses its history and ontology to complexify both its tradition internally and other IR traditions externally, promoting the pluralisation of IR.
Patient-centered health technology assessment: a perspective on engagement in health technology assessment by three patient organizations and a health technology assessment body
Authors: Arntsen Kathleen A. , Blount Linda G. , Dickerson Bradley J. , Koola Catherine P. , Venable Yvette , Wildman Patrick 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPatient engagement in health technology assessment (HTA) has become increasingly important over the past 20 years. Academic and practitioner literature has produced numerous case studies and best practice accounts of patient involvement practices around the world. This text analyzes the experience of being involved in an Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER) HTA review in the United States. The analysis comes from the joint perspective of three patient organizations: Lupus and Allied Diseases Association, Inc.; Lupus Foundation of America; and Black Women’s Health Imperative, as well as ICER. We suggest that meaningful, patient-centered engagement, where patient communities are systematically integrated throughout the review, can be a way of returning to the discipline’s roots focusing on technologies’ societal and ethical impact. It is a process that requires robust commitment from all involved but produces assessments relevant to those directly affected by them.
Context matters: criticism and accommodation by close others associated with treatment attitudes in those with anxiety
Authors: Merritt Olivia A. , Rowa Karen , Purdon Christine L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground:Many people with anxiety do not seek therapy due to negative views of treatment. Although close others (e.g. romantic partners, family members, close friends) are highly involved in treatment decisions, the role of specific relational behaviours in treatment ambivalence has yet to be studied.Aims:This study examines the relationship between social predictors (perceived criticism and accommodation of anxiety symptoms by close others) and treatment ambivalence.Method:Community members who met diagnostic criteria for an anxiety-related disorder (N = 65) and students who showed high levels of anxiety (N = 307) completed an online study. They were asked to imagine they were considering starting cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for their anxiety and complete a measure of treatment ambivalence accordingly. They then completed measures of perceived criticism and accommodation by close others. Linear regression was used to examine the predictive value of these variables while controlling for sample type (clinical/analogue) and therapy experience.Results:Greater reactivity to criticism from close others and greater accommodation of anxiety symptoms by close others were associated with greater treatment ambivalence in those with anxiety. These predictors remained significant even when controlling for therapy history and sample type.Conclusions:When it comes to treatment attitudes, relational context matters. Clients demonstrating ambivalence about starting therapy may benefit from discussion about the impact of their social environment on ambivalence.
Subduction and Slab Detachment Under Moving Trenches During Ongoing India‐Asia Convergence
Authors: Qayyum Abdul , Lom Nalan , Advokaat Eldert L. , Spakman Wim , van der Meer Douwe G. , van Hinsbergen Douwe J. J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe dynamics of slab detachment and associated geological fingerprints have been inferred from various numerical and analog models. These invariably use a setup with slab‐pull‐driven convergence in which a slab detaches below a mantle‐stationary trench after the arrest of plate convergence due to arrival of continental lithosphere. In contrast, geological reconstructions show that post‐detachment plate convergence is common and that trenches and sutures are rarely mantle‐stationary during detachment. Here, we identify the more realistic kinematic context of slab detachment using the example of the India‐Asia convergent system. We first show that only the India and Himalayas slabs (from India's northern margin) and the Carlsberg slab (from the western margin) unequivocally detached from Indian lithosphere. Several other slabs below the Indian Ocean do not require a Neotethyan origin and may be of Mesotethys and Paleotethys origin. Additionally, the still‐connected slabs are being dragged together with the Indian plate forward (Hindu Kush) or sideways (Burma, Chaman) through the mantle. We show that Indian slab detachment occurred at moving trenches during ongoing plate convergence, providing more realistic geodynamic conditions for use in future numerical and analog experiments. We identify that the actively detaching Hindu Kush slab is a type‐example of this setting, whilst a 25–13 Ma phase of shallow detachment of the Himalayas slab, here reconstructed from plate kinematics and tomography, agrees well with independent, published geological estimates from the Himalayas orogen of slab detachment. The Sulaiman Ranges of Pakistan may hold the geological signatures of detachment of the laterally dragged Carlsberg slab.
Magnetotelluric Evidence for Lithospheric Alteration Beneath the Wuyi‐Yunkai Orogen: Implications for Thermal Structure of South China
Authors: Cheng Yuanzhi , Hu Xiangyun , Han Bo , Li Yiman , Kong Yanlong , Tang Ji 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Wuyi‐Yunkai Orogen experienced a polyphase tectonomagmatism and is a key region for deciphering the alteration and thermal structure of the South China Block lithosphere. Herein, an electrical resistivity model of the lithosphere is presented via the three‐dimensional inversion of broadband (0.003–3600 s) magnetotelluric (MT) data collected along a 380‐km‐long profile comprising 62 MT sites across the Wuyi‐Yunkai Orogen, and the robustness of this model is critically evaluated through a series of sensitivity tests. The resistivity model reveals that the upper crust of the Cathaysia Block and the Wuyi‐Yunkai Orogen is dominated by high‐resistivity sedimentary cover interposed with low‐resistivity features, mainly along fault zones. High‐resistivity bodies and strong conductors in the upper crust are interpreted as magmatic rocks and tectonic mélanges, respectively. Another feature of this resistivity model is the presence of zones featuring enhanced electrical conductivity (<30 Ωm) extending from the lower crust to the upper mantle beneath the Wuyi‐Yunkai Orogen. The conductors in the lower crust are attributed to saline fluids from either the dehydration of the subducting Paleo‐Pacific slab or the regional metamorphism‐induced dehydration of sandy argillaceous rocks. In contrast, the conductors in the upper mantle are attributed to 4%–7% partial melt, which corresponds to the analyses of mantle xenoliths in South China. These conductors in the upper crust and upper mantle supply volatiles and heat to shallow geothermal systems. This work ultimately shows that the lithospheric thinning of South China is controlled mainly by mantle upwelling caused by the retreat of the subducting Paleo‐Pacific slab.
On the Temperatures of Planetary Magnetosheaths at the Subsolar Points
Authors: Shen Chao , Ren Nian , Qureshi M. N. S. , Guo Yang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis research explores the relationship between the temperatures of the solar corona and planetary magnetosheaths. Based on the second law of thermodynamics, the maximum temperature of the planetary magnetosheaths cannot exceed that of the solar corona. A theoretical investigation is presented into the expansion of the solar corona, the propagation of solar wind, and the compression of planetary magnetosheaths by bow shocks. The method used is general and fits the dynamics of multiple components, thermal anisotropy, and non‐Maxwellian plasmas in the steady state, and approximate formulas are obtained. The results indicate that, for the steady state, planetary magnetosheaths at the subsolar points in the solar system have approach peak mean temperatures. Second, a systematic statistical survey of the average temperature of the planetary magnetosheaths is presented and shows that the average plasma temperature of the subsolar point magnetosheaths of Earth and Saturn are 206 eV (2.39 MK) and 171 eV (1.98 MK), respectively, which are close to that of the corona. The statistical results are consistent with the theoretical estimations. These results are of significant use for estimating the thermal properties of the planetary magnetospheres.