bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction mechanisms for dislocation densities in GaN heteroepitaxy over Si substrate patterned with a serpentine channel structure
Authors: Wang Kejia , Wei Tiantian , Song Yuzi , Xie Yahong , Hu Xiaodong , Cheng Zhiyuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHeteroepitaxial growth of gallium nitride (GaN) over patterned Silicon (Si) substrates using serpentine channel structure was demonstrated and studied with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cross‐sectional TEM images showed that the dislocations were filtered out effectively, through two 90° turns in GaN growth front with the unique serpentine channel structure, resulting in high crystal quality GaN materials over the top mask layer. Dislocation behaviours at different parts of the structure were investigated to understand the mechanism of dislocation density reduction.
A boost converter‐based MPPT steady‐state oscillation‐free fast tracking control strategy for photovoltaic power systems
Authors: Li Ning , Zhang Changjie , Wei Deng , Liu Ming , Zhang Yan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWith the conventional perturbation and observation (P&O) method, photovoltaic (PV) converters have long maximum power point (MPP) tracking times and three‐point oscillations at the steady state that can lead to output power losses and inefficiencies in grid connections. To overcome these drawbacks, a fast tracking and steady‐state‐oscillation‐free control strategy is proposed. The strategy first stores four random duty cycle values on the basis of the duty cycle variation characteristics of the PV panel power adjustment, then calculates the odd and even duty cycle difference and judges the steady state by varying the duty cycle difference threshold. The strategy next obtains the MPP duty cycle using a median filtering algorithm (MFA) to suppress the steady‐state oscillation and improves the tracking speed by resetting the appropriate duty cycle step according to the slope of the PV curve of the PV panel output and the corresponding adaptive coefficients. The proposed algorithm was simulated and experimentally validated under various irradiance conditions, and the results show that the algorithm can improve the PV panel output efficiency compared to both the conventional P&O and the adaptive P&O methods.
Transabdominal Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Enterography in
Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Results of an Observational Retrospective
Single-Center Study
Authors: Calavrezos Lenika , Bannas Peter , Warncke Malte , Wiegard Christiane , Huber Samuel , Manthey Carolin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose Transabdominal ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance enterography
(MRE) are used to assess disease activity and extent in IBD, but their impact on
therapeutic decisions is unclear. Therefore, our study has two goals: to compare
the usefulness of US and MRE in assessing disease extent and activity in the
small and large bowel, and to determine the relevance for clinical decisions in
IBD.
Materials and Methods We included 54 IBD patients who had undergone both
MRE and US within three months. We used the construct reference standard model
to compare MRE and US for detecting inflammation and examined the impact on
clinical decisions in IBD patients.
Results In 54 IBD patients (44 patients Crohn’s disease (CD), 5
ulcerative colitis (UC), 5 indeterminate colitis (IC)), 42 patients
(77.8%) showed inflammation either in the small or large bowel. Small
bowel disease was present in 34 patients (77.3%). Complications were
found in 19 patients (35.2%). MRE and US both showed high sensitivity
(90.5 and 88.1%) and moderate specificity (50% in MRE and US)
for detecting inflammation. MRE revealed higher sensitivity than US for
detecting conglomerate tumors without statistical significance (85.7 vs.
71.4%, p=1.0) and equal specificity (97.9 vs 97.7,
p=1.0). Therapeutic decisions included steroids in 20 patients
(47.6%) and surgery/percutaneous drainage in six patients
(14.3%), these decisions were triggered by results of US or MRE in equal
distribution.
Conclusion US and MRE have comparable sensitivity and specificity for
detecting intestinal inflammation and complications in IBD patients. Therefore,
both methods are sufficient for making clinical decisions.
Stärkende und entlastende Ernährung bei Krebs
– Erfahrungen aus der Praxis
Authors: Pork Sabine 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungIn der supportiven Ernährungstherapie gewinnt eine vollwertige,
nachhaltigere Ernährung zunehmend an Bedeutung. Charakteristisch
für diese pflanzenbasierte Kost ist ein höherer Gehalt an
wertgebenden Inhaltsstoffen, kombiniert mit einem niedrigeren Gehalt an
wertmindernden Substanzen
(Schadstoffe/Rückstände/umstrittene
Zusatzstoffe). Die bestmögliche Versorgung mit Mikro- und
Makronährstoffen stärkt den Gesamtorganismus und
unterstützt sowohl das Nebenwirkungs- als auch das Gewichtsmanagement.
Gleichzeitig empowert ein „Gewusst wie“ die PatientInnen
hinsichtlich ihres Gesundheitsverhaltens und ihrer Selbstfürsorge.
Dieser Artikel gibt eine Übersicht über die häufigsten
Themen und beschreibt, was sich in der Praxis bewährt hat.
Langes progressionsfreies Überleben durch medizinischen
Fortschritt
Authors: Holzhauer Peter 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungPatientinnen mit HER2neu positiver und initial schon metastasierter Erkrankung
haben eine schlechte Prognose. Nur 33% überleben mehr als 5
Jahre und nur 7% mehr als 10 Jahre 1. Deshalb ist es sehr interessant, einen genaueren und in diesem Fall
individuellen Blick auf die kleine Gruppe der außergewöhnlichen
Responder zu werfen. Nachstehend wird detailliert der Fall einer bei
Erstdiagnose jüngeren Patientin vorgestellt, bei der neben der
ausgeprägten ossären Metastasierung nur ein einziges Organsystem
(Pleura) befallen war. Die Behandlung erfolgte bei klinisch sehr schlechtem
Allgemeinzustand mit drohendem Querschnitt durch die Knochenmetastasierung, und
zwar als Kombination von Strahlentherapie, Chemotherapie und
Doppelrezeptorblockade mit den anti-HER2neu Antikörpern Trastuzumab und
Pertuzumab. Die kombinierte Systemtherapie mit Taxan und Antikörpern
wurde dabei nur von 04/2017 bis 10/2017 durchgeführt
2. Die Kombination war sehr effektiv,
sodass sich der Zustand der Patientin eindrucksvoll besserte und dann ab
10/2017 bis heute mit einer Erhaltungstherapie mit den
Antikörpern Trastuzumab/Pertuzumab erfolgreich und stabil weiter
behandelt werden konnte. Alle konventionellen Behandlungsmaßnahmen
wurden kontinuierlich von komplementären Maßnahmen
begleitet.
Accuracy of self-assessment in gastrointestinal endoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Scaffidi Michael A. , Li Juana , Genis Shai , Tipton Elizabeth , Khan Rishad , Pattni Chandni , Gimpaya Nikko , Bradley-Ridout Glyneva , Walsh Catharine M. , Grover Samir C. 
Published: September 2022

Background Assessment is necessary to ensure both attainment and maintenance of competency in gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy, and this can be accomplished through self-assessment. We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis to evaluate the accuracy of self-assessment among GI endoscopists.
Methods This was an individual participant data meta-analysis of studies that investigated self-assessment of endoscopic competency. We performed a systematic search of the following databases: Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Wiley Cochrane CENTRAL, and ProQuest Education Resources Information Center. We included studies if they were primary investigations of self-assessment accuracy in GI endoscopy that used statistical analyses to determine accuracy. We conducted a meta-analysis of studies using a limits of agreement (LoA) approach to meta-analysis of Bland–Altman studies.
Results After removing duplicate entries, we screened 7138 records. After full-text review, we included 16 studies for qualitative analysis and three for meta-analysis. In the meta-analysis, we found that the LoA were wide (−41.0 % to 34.0 %) and beyond the clinically acceptable difference. Subgroup analyses found that both novice and intermediate endoscopists had wide LoA (−45.0 % to 35.1 % and −54.7 % to 46.5 %, respectively) and expert endoscopists had narrow LoA (−14.2 % to 21.4 %).
Conclusions GI endoscopists are inaccurate in self-assessment of their endoscopic competency. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that novice and intermediate endoscopists were inaccurate, while expert endoscopists have accurate self-assessment. While we advise against the sole use of self-assessment among novice and intermediate endoscopists, expert endoscopists may wish to integrate it into their practice.
Fixed Subluxation of the Distal Radioulnar Joint following Malunion of the Ulnar Styloid Process
Authors: Brackertz Sophie , Reissner Lisa , Fritz Benjamin , Walker Jonas , Nagy Ladislav 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose Recent literature on significance and treatment of ulnar styloid fractures suggest that the ulnar styloid is not the central problem but the radioulnar ligaments and their impact on joint stability. However, specifically displaced ulnar styloid process fractures that secondarily heal in an ectopic position remain a rare situation for which diagnostics and treatment options remain a topic of discussion.
Methods This case series presents four patients with limited supination due to a fixed dorsal subluxation of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ). The reason here fore was a significant malunion of ulnar styloid fracture that was addressed by corrective ulnar styloid osteotomy. Three of these osteotomies used three-dimensional (3D) preoperative planning and patient specific guides.
Results All patients presented with a significant displacement of the malunited ulnar styloid fracture (average 32-degree rotation and 5-mm translation). In all four patients, the fixed subluxation of the ulnar head was resolved clinically and radiographically, and the forearm rotation restored after corrective osteotomy of the ulnar styloid and fixation in an anatomical position.
Conclusion This case series presents a very specific subset of patients with nonanatomically healed ulnar styloid fractures responsible for a chronic DRUJ dislocation and limited prosupination and its treatment.
Level of evidence This is a Level IV, therapeutic study.
Emergency General Surgery: Predicting Morbidity and Mortality in the Geriatric Population
Authors: Elamin Abubaker , Tsoutsanis Panagiotis , Sinan Laith , Tari Seyedh Paniz Hashemi , Elamin Wafa , Kurihara Hayato 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction Numerous scoring systems have been created to predict the risk of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing emergency general surgery (EGS).In this article, we compared the different scoring systems utilized at Humanitas Research Hospital and analyzed which one performed the best when assessing geriatric patients (>65 years of age). The scoring systems that were utilized were the APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II), ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists), ACS-NSQIP (American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program), Clinical Frailty Score, and the Clavien–Dindo classification as control.
Materials and Methods We compiled a database consisting of all patients over the age of 65 who underwent EGS in a consecutive 24-month period between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2018. We used the biostatistical program “Stata Version 15” to analyze our results.
Results We found 213 patients who matched our inclusion criteria. Regarding death, we found that the ACS-NSQIP death calculator performed the best with an area under the curve of 0.9017 (odds ratio: 1.09; 95% confidence interval: 1.06–1.12). The APACHE II score had the lowest discriminator when predicting death. Considering short-term complications, the Clavien–Dindo classification scored highly, while both the APACHE II score and Clinical Frailty Score produced the lowest results.
Conclusion The results obtained from our research showed that scoring systems and classifications produced different results depending on whether they were used to predict deaths or short-term complications among geriatric patients undergoing EGS.
Genetic adaptation of skin pigmentation in highland Tibetans
Authors: Yang Zhaohui , Bai Caijuan , Pu Youwei , Kong Qinghong , Guo Yongbo ,   Ouzhuluobu,   Gengdeng, Liu Xuyang , Zhao Qi , Qiu Zhichao , Zheng Wangshan , He Yaoxi , Lin Yihan , Deng Lian , Zhang Chao , Xu Shuhua , Peng Yi , Xiang Kun , Zhang Xiaoming ,   Baimayangji,   Cirenyangji, Cui Chaoying ,   Baimakangzhuo,   Gonggalanzi,   Bianba, Pan Yongyue , Xin Jingxue , Wang Yong , Liu Shiming , Wang Liangbang , Guo Hengliang , Feng Zhenzhen , Wang Shaobo , Shi Hong , Jiang Binghua , Wu Tianyi , Qi Xuebin , Su Bing 
Published: September 2022

Strong ultraviolet (UV) radiation at high altitude imposes a serious selective pressure, which may induce skin pigmentation adaptation of indigenous populations. We conducted skin pigmentation phenotyping and genome-wide analysis of Tibetans in order to understand the underlying mechanism of adaptation to UV radiation. We observe that Tibetans have darker baseline skin color compared with lowland Han Chinese, as well as an improved tanning ability, suggesting a two-level adaptation to boost their melanin production. A genome-wide search for the responsible genes identifies
GNPAT
showing strong signals of positive selection in Tibetans. An enhancer mutation (rs75356281) located in
GNPAT
intron 2 is enriched in Tibetans (58%) but rare in other world populations (0 to 18%). The adaptive allele of rs75356281 is associated with darker skin in Tibetans and, under UVB treatment, it displays higher enhancer activities compared with the wild-type allele in in vitro luciferase assays. Transcriptome analyses of gene-edited cells clearly show that with UVB treatment, the adaptive variant of
GNPAT
promotes melanin synthesis, likely through the interactions of
CAT
and
ACAA1
in peroxisomes with other pigmentation genes, and they act synergistically, leading to an improved tanning ability in Tibetans for UV protection.
Generation of mega brown adipose tissue in adults by controlling brown adipocyte differentiation in vivo
Authors: Du Qiqiao , Wu Jieyu , Fischer Carina , Seki Takahiro , Jing Xu , Gao Juan , He Xingkang , Hosaka Kayoko , Tong Le , Yasue Akihiro , Miyake Masato , Sobajima Mitsuaki , Oyadomari Seiichi , Sun Xiaoting , Yang Yunlong , Zhou Qinjun , Ge Minghua , Tao Wei , Yao Shuzhong , Cao Yihai 
Published: September 2022

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a highly specialized adipose tissue in its immobile location and size during the entire adulthood. In response to cold exposure and other β3-adrenoreceptor stimuli, BAT commits energy consumption by nonshivering thermogenesis (NST). However, the molecular machinery in controlling the BAT mass in adults is unknown. Here, we show our surprising findings that the BAT mass and functions can be manipulated in adult animals by controlling BAT adipocyte differentiation in vivo. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFα) expressed in BAT progenitor cells served a signaling function to avert adipose progenitor differentiation. Genetic and pharmacological loss-of-function of PDGFRα eliminated the differentiation barrier and permitted progenitor cell differentiation to mature and functional BAT adipocytes. Consequently, an enlarged BAT mass (megaBAT) was created by PDGFRα inhibition owing to increases of brown adipocyte numbers. Under cold exposure, a microRNA-485 (miR-485) was identified as a master suppressor of the PDGFRα signaling, and delivery of miR-485 also produced megaBAT in adult animals. Noticeably, megaBAT markedly improved global metabolism, insulin sensitivity, high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity, and diabetes by enhancing NST. Together, our findings demonstrate that the adult BAT mass can be increased by blocking the previously unprecedented inhibitory signaling for BAT progenitor cell differentiation. Thus, blocking the PDGFRα for the generation of megaBAT provides an attractive strategy for treating obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
G protein–biased GPR3 signaling ameliorates amyloid pathology in a preclinical Alzheimer’s disease mouse model
Authors: Huang Yunhong , Rafael Guimarães Thais , Todd Nicholas , Ferguson Carolyn , Weiss Kathryn M. , Stauffer Fiona R. , McDermott Breanne , Hurtle Bryan T. , Saito Takashi , Saido Takaomi C. , MacDonald Matthew L. , Homanics Gregg E. , Thathiah Amantha 
Published: September 2022

Biased G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) ligands, which preferentially activate G protein or β-arrestin signaling pathways, are leading to the development of drugs with superior efficacy and reduced side effects in heart disease, pain management, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Although GPCRs are implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), biased GPCR signaling is a largely unexplored area of investigation in AD. Our previous work demonstrated that GPR3-mediated β-arrestin signaling modulates amyloid-β (Aβ) generation
in vitro
and that
Gpr3
deficiency ameliorates Aβ pathology
in vivo
. However,
Gpr3
-deficient mice display several adverse phenotypes, including elevated anxiety-like behavior, reduced fertility, and memory impairment, which are potentially associated with impaired G protein signaling. Here, we generated a G protein–biased GPR3 mouse model to investigate the physiological and pathophysiological consequences of selective elimination of GPR3-mediated β-arrestin signaling
in vivo
. In contrast to
Gpr3
-deficient mice, G protein–biased GPR3 mice do not display elevated anxiety levels, reduced fertility, or cognitive impairment. We further determined that G protein–biased signaling reduces soluble Aβ levels and leads to a decrease in the area and compaction of amyloid plaques in the preclinical

App
NL-G-F

AD mouse model. The changes in amyloid pathology are accompanied by robust microglial and astrocytic hypertrophy, which suggest a protective glial response that may limit amyloid plaque development in G protein–biased GPR3 AD mice. Collectively, these studies indicate that GPR3-mediated G protein and β-arrestin signaling produce discrete and separable effects and provide proof of concept for the development of safer GPCR-targeting therapeutics with more directed pharmacological action for AD.
Kinetics driving thin-film deposition in dielectric barrier discharges using a direct liquid injector operated in a pulsed regime
Authors: Cacot L , Carnide G , Kahn M L , Clergereaux R , Naudé N , Stafford L 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This work investigates the effects of process parameters on thin-film deposition by direct liquid injection in a low-frequency dielectric barrier discharge. The precursor, hexamethyldisiloxane, is introduced as micrometer-size liquid droplets with nitrogen carrier gas in a pulsed mode and the discharge is produced at atmospheric pressure in a pulsed regime. No significant deposit is observed during plasma-off time and outside the discharge region. Despite the pulsed injection, this reveals that the precursor content in the plasma zone remains constant over much longer time scales and that thin-film deposition results from droplets charging and their transport towards the dielectrics by the low-frequency electric field. Over the range of experimental conditions investigated, it is found that pulsed, aerosol-assisted plasma deposition is limited by the amount of energy provided to precursor droplets, and not by precursor insufficiency.
Leptons and other forces of nature
Authors: Roy Subhankar , Goswami Sagar Tirtha 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Assuming that neutrinos are not Majorana fermions and the right handed Dirac neutrino does not exist, we propose a model in which the second and the third generations of the leptons are composites, while the first generation is fundamental. The composite states are formed by the fundamental leptons and two new fundamental hidden scalar particles. In addition, there exist two hidden forces besides the standard model interactions. The gauge symmetry SU(2)
L
⊗ U(1)
Y
⊗ U(1)
h
⊗ SU(2)
h
of the electroweak and the hidden forces breaks down to U(1)
Y
⊗ U(1)
h
after the spontaneous symmetry breaking. We explain the neutrino masses in terms of the binding dynamics of a hidden force. The phenomenon of neutrino oscillation can also be explained by our model in a dynamical framework of the hidden forces.
Analysis and compensation of residual gyro drifts on azimuth alignment accuracy in the RINS
Authors: Ye Jiangnan , Wang Lei , Liu Di , Yan Lin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The rotational inertial navigation system (INS) uses rotational alignment to improve azimuth alignment accuracy significantly. However, due to the existence of magnetic drifts in the fiber optic gyro, under the comprehensive influence of outside conditions, there will be residual drifts that cannot be averaged out along the body frame or the geographic frame, which will have a significant impact on azimuth alignment accuracy. An innovative and effective calibration compensation strategy is proposed by analyzing the generation mechanism of residual drifts and their influence on alignment accuracy, which can significantly improve azimuth alignment accuracy. With the aid of a high-precision total station, the experimental results of initial alignment in four directions show that the accuracy of azimuth alignment is improved from

16.47

′
′

(
1
σ
)

to

10.34

′
′

(
1
σ
)

by compensating residual drifts, which has significant theoretical significance and practical value in engineering applications for improving the overall performance of the INS.
Investigation on the stability improvement of hybrid halide all-inorganic perovskite quantum dots
Authors: Cheng Sunhuizi , Li Feng , Fang Zixin , Rao Xinhao , Yan Chao , Yin Jianzhuang , Zhang Weiwei , Zhao Feng , Huang Yan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Perovskite quantum dots (QDs) with stable luminous properties are crucial to for the construction of corresponding light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Hybrid halide perovskite QDs, especially those contain iodine element emitting red light, usually demonstrate poor emission stability owing to the halide segregation. Moreover, red component is indispensable for the construction of white LEDs (WLEDs). Hence, it is essential to improve the luminous stability of hybrid halide perovskite QDs containing iodine element. Here, magnesium dopant and silica matrix were employed to improve the stability of hybrid halide CsPb(IBr)3 QDs. Red, green and blue are three primary colors for constructing WLEDs. Therefore, silica-coated CsPbBr3 QDs emitting green light were also synthesized. The fabricated silica-coated Mn:CsPb(IBr)3/PMMA film delivered good emission stability during a 42 d observation period, exhibiting the improved stability compared with the corresponding Mn:CsPb(IBr)3 QDs in solution. WLEDs were fabricated by integrating the mixture of silica-coated Mn:CsPb(IBr)3 QDs, silica-coated CsPbBr3 QDs and silicon sealant with a blue-emission LED chip. The as fabricated device exhibited a longer lifetime to be lit than that of those reported previously. During the 36 d observation period for the as fabricated device, the red emission from the silica-coated Mn:CsPb(IBr)3 QDs experienced a peak-emission shift of 34 nm, which is much less than that in Mn:CsPb(IBr)3 QDs solution. Their overall intensity downtrend combined the peak-emission shift are responsible for the spectrum shape change, so as to the fluctuation of color correlated temperature and color rendering index. Our study provides a good starting point for the further improvement of the stability of the hybrid halide perovskites QDs and the corresponding light-emitting devices. With deep studies on the synthesis method and luminous mechanism for hybrid halide CsPb(IBr)3 QDs, red-emission perovskite QDs with satisfied properties are expected to be obtained.