bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Temperature Heat Pump Cascade Systems With Water (R718) as Refrigerant
Authors: Hegner R. , Abu Khass O. , Moller C. , Stathopoulos P. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The heat demand of industrial processes is still mostly covered by fossil fuels, especially at temperatures above 160°C. The installation of high temperature heat pumps (HTHP) that can operate at these temperatures is an effective way to reduce industrial CO2-emissions and primary energy consumption. Water can be an attractive refrigerant due to its high critical point and environmental sustainability. However, using water as refrigerant also requires a waste heat source of high temperature, since any heat source below 100°C would result in sub-atmospheric evaporation, leading to more expensive equipment. If low temperature heat sources or even ambient heat should be utilized, the HTHP would consist of two coupled heat pumps, a cascade system. In this theoretical study a cascade high temperature heat pump process is presented and simulated operating with water and R1336mzz(Z)e. The heat pump consists of multiple compression stages with intercooling in order to increase the COP. Heat sink temperatures of up to 250°C were investigated and an optimal process design was identified for several heat sink and -source temperatures. The calculated COPs ranged from 1.5 under challenging conditions to up to 2.2 at moderate temperature lifts. The crucial evaporation pressure of the water heat pump has been close to one bar for most of the studies, so the installation of vacuum equipment could be avoided.
Theoretical and Experimental Comparisons for Rotordynamic Coefficients of a Multi-Scratched Tilting Pad Journal Bearing
Authors: Hassini Mohamed-Amine , Zhang Silun , Chatterton Steven , Pennacchi Paolo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a Thermos-Elasto-Hydrodynamics model (TEHD) based on a mass conservative generalized Reynolds equation, coupled with 3D energy equations for the oil film, and a full 3D thermo-mechanical model for the pads. The model uses a regularization technique to consider film thickness discontinuities created by scratches. The numerical results are compared to the experimental results obtained from a rocker-backed, five tilting pads journal bearing TPJB with single and multiple scratches. The numerical model achieved good agreement especially with respect to pad temperatures and dynamic coefficients. Discrepancies were observed at low speed but only on the stiffness in the load direction. The numerical model shows significant drop in the pressure field at the location of the scratches, and a significant pressure rise between two consecutive scratches accompanied by a decrease of film thickness.
Hybrid Power Systems: Grid Stability Through Spinning Reserve
Authors: Singh G. B. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
As the variable energy sources become predominant in the energy mix, power system stability and resiliency have become the topics of prime research. Grid connected or island systems face similar challenges for multiple applications like frequency control, economic dispatch, peak shaving, black start or spinning reserve. Grid stability is interlinked with grid inertia and the reaction time of an electrical power network. We have studied an islanded microgrid application consisting of BESS (Battery Energy Storage System) and Gas Turbine Generator (GTG) system used for spinning reserve application. In this paper we present integrated architecture of Hybrid Power System and determine the control algorithm for such operation. We ascertain the response time for the power system, ensuring there is enough spinning reserve available on the grid for smooth operation of the plant. Later these results are verified through theoretical framework of Rate of Change of Frequency (RoCoF) and physical testing in Hardware in-the-Loop simulation (HIL).
Pioneering Turbomachinery Education with Multi-Platform App for Blading Design
Authors: Tsinoglou Michail D. , Chala Dionysis S. , Kalfas Anestis I. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the development of an educational design app for turbomachinery applications. The app is operating in multiple computational platforms and is used to assist students in the understanding of turbomachinery design. The user can easily extract useful results and velocity diagrams by importing some dimensionless sizes, input-output flow angles, and general geometric features. Furthermore, this app provides the ability to compare cases with various input parameters. The thermodynamic and fluid mechanics principles have been used to develop enhanced comprehension of blade design in turbomachinery. The primary reason for the development of this app is to introduce turbomachinery education in the new era of widespread use of mobile apps among the student community. Through a quick and easy analysis of velocity triangles through a turbine or a compressor stage, the student may experiment and thus gain improved understanding of turbomachinery stage operation.
The student interaction has been assessed using assignments and group projects. Overall, students showed extreme interest. The interaction between the students the teaching assistants and the professors has been assessed using an online questionnaire. The prime reaction of the students was that they would appreciate similar apps in the context of other engineering courses. Results showed that students would promote the use of the app to other individuals. The students came up with several brilliant ideas towards the improvement of the app. The first steps have been taken towards opening new communication channels between established engineering education practices and new generation skills and preferences.
A tectonic context for fluctuations in late Paleoproterozoic oxygen content
Authors: Partin* C.A. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Nearly all models of Earth’s oxygenation converge on the premise that the first notable rise of atmospheric oxygen occurred slightly above the Archean-Proterozoic boundary, with the second notable rise occurring just below the Proterozoic-Phanerozoic boundary. Plate tectonic–driven secular changes found above the Archean-Proterozoic boundary are thought to have been partly or wholly responsible for the initial rise in atmospheric O2 in the Great Oxidation Event; however, the role of plate tectonics in oxygen levels thereafter is not well defined. Modern plate tectonics undoubtedly play a role in regulating atmospheric O2 levels. Mountain building, for example, promotes high erosion rates, nutrient delivery to oceans, and efficient biogeochemical cycling of carbon, resulting in the net burial of organic carbon—thought to be the primary regulator of atmospheric O2 levels on geological time scales. The trajectory of atmospheric O2 and oceanic redox conditions in the Proterozoic Eon, representing almost 2 b.y. of geological history, shows a dynamic history with global trends that indicate overall high-low-high O2 levels throughout the Proterozoic Eon, with low-oxygen conditions established by ca. 2.0–1.8 Ga. This contravenes the tenet that major orogenic events (e.g., the Himalaya-scale Trans-Hudson orogen and other coeval orogens that formed the supercontinent Nuna) should yield higher O2 levels, not lower. The contrast of higher O2 early in the Paleoproterozoic with lower O2 later in the Paleoproterozoic is particularly striking, and mechanisms that might have caused this secular change remain unclear. This contribution explores feedbacks related to the tectonic evolution associated with the building of proto-Laurentia and Earth’s first supercontinent, Nuna, and how this impacted the trajectory of atmospheric O2 in the latest Paleoproterozoic Era.
Mortality and neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants with spontaneous intestinal perforation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ang Ju Li , Rath Chandra Prakash , Tan Herr , Patole Sanjay , Rao Shripada C 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundThere is limited information about the mortality and neurodevelopmental outcomes of very preterm infants (<32 weeks) with spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP).ObjectiveTo explore the association between SIP and neurodevelopmental outcomes and mortality in very preterm infants.Data sourcesMedline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, EMCARE and MedNar.Study selectionDatabases were searched until September 2021. Studies comparing outcomes of ‘SIP’ versus ‘no SIP or necrotising enterocolitis (NEC)’ were included.Data extractionNeurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥1 year corrected age were extracted as the main outcome measure. Data were pooled separately for adjusted and unadjusted ORs using the random-effects model. The evidence level was assessed using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessments, Development and Evaluations) framework.ResultsEighteen cohort studies (13 606 infants) were included. Meta-analysis of unadjusted ORs showed that SIP was significantly associated with increased odds of mortality, cerebral palsy, composite outcome of death or disability, visual impairment and hearing impairment. However, pooling of adjusted ORs (aOR) found significant associations only for mortality (aOR (95% CI) 2.27 (2.07 to 2.49); I2: 0%; four studies (n=10 695)), severe disability (aOR (95% CI) 2.06 (1.38 to 3.08); I2: 0%; two studies (n=321)) and composite outcome of ‘death or disability’ (aOR (95% CI) 2.18 (1.55 to 3.06); I2: 0%; two studies (n=321)). The level of evidence was ‘low’ or ‘very low’.LimitationsLack of information on aORs from many studies.ConclusionsSIP in very preterm infants is associated with higher odds of mortality, severe disability, anddeath or disability.
Infant with Loeys-Dietz syndrome treated for febrile status epilepticus with COVID-19 infection: first reported case of febrile status epilepticus and focal seizures in a patient with Loeys-Dietz syndrome and review of literature
Authors: Akbar Asra , Ahmad Sharjeel , Creeden Sean , Huynh Huan 
Published: November 2022

Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a rare, autosomal dominant multisystem disorder that is caused by mutations of transforming growth factor-β receptors. Mutations inSMAD3andTGFB3have been recently reported.LDS is characterised by the triad of arterial tortuosity, hypertelorism and a bifid uvula or cleft palate among other cardiovascular, craniofacial and orthopaedic manifestations. Patients with LDS show clinical and genetic variability and there is a significant risk of reduced life expectancy due to widespread arterial involvement, aortic root dilation, aneurysms and an aggressive vascular course. Thus early genetic testing is warranted if clinical signs and history are suggestive of this potentially catastrophic disorder.LDS predisposes patients to aortic aneurysms and early death due to vascular malformations, but neurological emergencies, such as seizures and febrile status epilepticus, have not been reported.Febrile status epilepticus is the most common neurological emergency in childhood. Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 in the paediatric population are not as well described in medical literature.To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of febrile status epilepticus with COVID-19 infection in an infant with LDS. Our patient had focal epileptiform activity emanating over the left posterior hemisphere, which evolved into an electrographic seizure on video EEG. Such patients have a heightened risk of epilepsy in the future, and this occurrence is consistent with a diagnosis of focal epilepsy. Neurological complications such as epilepsy and status epilepticus in a patient with LDS have never been reported before.A brief review of literature is also given here.
Factors associated with low and medium household dietary diversity compared with high dietary diversity among marginalised households in rural Bangladesh: Findings from a Suchana baseline survey
Authors: Ali Mohammad , Raihan Mohammad Jyoti , Siddiqua Towfida Jahan , Haque Md Ahshanul , Farzana Fahmida Dil , Ahmed S M Tanvir , Rahman Shahed , Naz Farina , Faruque A S G , Ahmed Tahmeed 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify the associated factors of low and medium household (HH) dietary diversity (DD) compared with high DD among marginalised households in rural Bangladesh.MethodsThrough the Suchana baseline survey, data on 5440 households from Sylhet and Moulvibazar districts of Bangladesh was collected between November 2016 and February 2017. Household DD was categorised as low, medium or high based on number of food groups consumed during the last 24 hours. Primary outcome measure was household DD; multinomial logistic regression was to determine independent correlations between outcome and independent variables.ResultsOf the households examined, 0.72%, 31.8% and 67.5% had low, medium and high DD, respectively. Around 99% and 97% of households consumed cereals and vegetables. Cereals, fruits and legumes accounted for 36%, 18% and 16% of total food expenditure; vegetables only represented 8% of total expenditure; 70% of total monthly expenditure was on food items. Compared with high DD, low DD was significantly associated with severe food insecurity, not receiving remittance, not being supported by social safety-net programs, household size of 6–10, household income and expenditure on food below-median. Severe food insecurity was the strongest predictor of low DD. Age, occupation and educational status of the household head, amount of land owned and presence of a homestead garden, fish production and domestic violence were not significantly associated with DD.ConclusionOur findings suggest that nine out of ten households were food insecure, and nearly two-thirds of households had high DD. Severe food insecurity was significantly associated with low DD. Expenditure on food items amounted to nearly two-thirds of total household expenditure. Diversification of income-generating activities would provide more sources of income to the households, allowing the households to spend more on non-cereal food items and increase the household dietary diversity.
Integration of a clinical pharmacist workforce into newly forming primary care networks: a qualitatively driven, complex systems analysis
Authors: Mills Thomas , Madden Mary , Stewart Duncan , Gough Brendan , McCambridge Jim 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveThe introduction of a new clinical pharmacist workforce via Primary Care Networks (PCNs) is a recent national policy development in the National Health Service in England. This study elicits the perspectives of people with responsibility for local implementation of this national policy package. Attention to local delivery is necessary to understand the contextual factors shaping the integration of the new clinical pharmacy workforce, and thus can be expected to influence future role development.DesignA qualitative, interview studySetting and participantsPCN Clinical Directors and senior pharmacists across 17 PCNs in England (n=28)AnalysisInterviews were transcribed, coded and organised using the framework method. Thematic analysis and complex systems modelling were then undertaken iteratively to develop the themes.ResultsFindings were organised into two overarching themes: (1) local organisational innovations of a national policy under conditions of uncertainty; and (2) local multiprofessional decision-making on clinical pharmacy workforce integration and initial task assignment. Although a phased implementation of the PCN package was planned, the findings suggest that processes of PCN formation and clinical pharmacist workforce integration were closely intertwined, with underpinning decisions taking place under conditions of considerable uncertainty and workforce pressures.ConclusionsNational policy decisions that required General Practitioners to form PCNs at the same time as they integrated a new workforce risked undermining the potential of both PCNs and the new workforce. PCNs require time and support to fully form and integrate clinical pharmacists if successful role development is to occur. Efforts to incentivise delivery of PCN pharmacy services in future must be responsive to local capacity.
Parent artery occlusion after pipeline embolization device implantation of intracranial saccular and fusiform aneurysms
Authors: Han Mingyang , Tong Xin , Wang Zhifei , Liu Aihua 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundStudies reporting parent artery occlusion (PAO) after pipeline embolization device (PED) implantation are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence rate and risk factors of PAO after PED implantation.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we enrolled consecutive patients with intracranial saccular and fusiform aneurysms treated with PED implantation at our institution. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was subsequently performed to determine the risk factors for PAO.ResultsA total of 588 saccular and fusiform aneurysms were finally enrolled in the study. PAO was found in 14 (2.38%) aneurysms. The aneurysm complete occlusion rate was 79.6%. Compared with the non-PAO group, aneurysms in the PAO group were larger in size (20.08 vs 9.61 mm; p<0.001), had a greater neck diameter (9.92 vs 6.15 mm; p=0.001), and had higher frequencies of adjunctive coils (64.3% vs 35.7%; p=0.028). In the multivariate logistic analysis, aneurysm size (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.24; p=0.016) and the presence of poor wall apposition after balloon angioplasty (OR 7.74, 95% CI 1.28 to 46.82; p=0.026) were associated with PAO occurrence after adjusting for confounding factors.ConclusionsIn this study, the incidence rate of PAO following PED implantation was 2.38% in intracranial saccular and fusiform aneurysms. Aneurysm size and residual presence of poor wall apposition after balloon angioplasty were risk factors for PAO. Further research is required to better understand the mechanisms of PAO.
Single-antiplatelet regimen in ruptured cerebral blood blister and dissecting aneurysms treated with flow-diverter stent reconstruction
Authors: Madjidyar Jawid , Keller Emanuela , Winklhofer Sebastian , Toth Daniel , Barnaure Isabelle , Schubert Tilman , Thurner Patrick , Fierstra Jorn , Willms Jan Folkard , Regli Luca , Kulcsar Zsolt 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundFlow diversion treatment of ruptured cerebral aneurysms remains challenging due to the need for double-antiplatelet therapy. We report our experience with flow-diverter stent (FDS) reconstruction with single-antiplatelet therapy of ruptured cerebral blood blister and dissecting aneurysms.MethodsIn this case series we performed a retrospective analysis of all patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysms who were treated with a phosphoryl-bonded FDS between 2019 and 2022 in a single center. Periprocedurally, all patients received weight-adapted eptifibatide IV and heparin IV. After 6–24 hours, eptifibatide was switched to oral prasugrel as monotherapy. We analyzed the rate of bleeding complications, thromboembolic events, occlusion rate and clinical outcome.ResultsNine patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage were treated, eight within 24 hours of symptom onset. Seven patients were treated with one FDS and two patients received two FDS in a telescopic fashion. Two aneurysms were additionally coil embolized. Fatal re-rupture occurred in one case; eight patients survived and had no adverse events associated with the FDS. Six patients showed complete occlusion of the aneurysm after 3 months (n=2) and 1 year (n=4), respectively. Two patients showed subtotal occlusion of the aneurysm at the last follow-up after 3 months and 6 months, respectively. Favorable clinical outcome was achieved in five patients.ConclusionsPeri-interventional single-antiplatelet therapy with eptifibatide followed by prasugrel was sufficient to prevent thromboembolic events and reduce re-bleeding using an anti-thrombogenic FDS. FDS with single-antiplatelet therapy might be a viable option for ruptured blood blister and dissecting cerebral aneurysms.
Novel ideas for the high luminosity phase of the LHC
Authors: Lohwasser Kristin , Schott Matthias 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWithout doubt, the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) is one of the major projects in particle physics at the high energy frontier in the upcoming decades. Planned to come into operation mid-2027 it will substantially increase the amount of proton-proton collisions at 14 TeV delivered to the LHC experiments with a planned integrated luminosity of 3000 $$\mathrm {fb^{-1}}$$

fb

-
1

for both ATLAS and CMS experiments, 50 $$\mathrm {fb^{-1}}$$

fb

-
1

for LHCb, and 5 $$\mathrm {fb^{-1}}$$

fb

-
1

for ALICE. The delivery of Pb–Pb and p–Pb collisions with integrated luminosities of 13 $$\mathrm {nb^{-1}}$$

nb

-
1

and 50 $$\mathrm {nb^{-1}}$$

nb

-
1

is foreseen, yielding an increase by a factor of up to twenty compared to the currently available data of Run-1 and Run-2.
Critical and energy transition minerals in Argentina: mineral potential and challenges for strengthening public institutions
Authors: Murguía Diego I. , Bastida Ana Elizabeth 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The energy transition will be mineral-intensive and the global demand for critical and energy transition minerals (ETMs) is expected to substantially rise. That will generate development opportunities and risks of intensified adverse socio-environmental impacts in mineral-rich countries like Argentina. In this article, we provide a review of Argentina's mineral potential for critical and ETMs and explore pathways for the country to strengthen its governance. Our results indicate that copper and lithium are the minerals with the largest potential in the short term. For other ETMs, such as nickel or cobalt, potential exists but it remains underexplored.
We argue that although responsible sourcing initiatives and rising environmental, social and governance standards have an important role to play, the great challenge ahead for the country lies in strengthening its public institutions for sustainability as these constitute a cornerstone for responsible mining practices. This includes strengthening of environmental institutions and water governance, new models of public participation and decision-making and policies for the development of local suppliers in key areas such as water governance. Addressing such challenges should be grounded on a vision of mining as a platform for broad-based development under co-operation with other sectors and the domestic science, technology and innovation system.