bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of 5-FU Loaded poly lactic-co-glycolic acid Nanoparticles for Treatment of Lung Cancer
Authors: Bhattacharya Sankha 
Published: June 2022

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) accounts for about 84% of all lung cancer types diagnosed so far. Every year, regardless of gender, the NSCLC targets many communities worldwide. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a uracil-analog anticancer compound. This drug tends to annihilate multiple tumour cells. But 5-FU's most significant obstacle is that it gets very easily metabolized in the blood, which eventually leads to lower anticancer activity. Therfore a perfect drug delivery system is needed to overcome all the associated challenges.
In this experiment, an attempt was made to prepare 5-FU loaded poly lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles using solvent evaporation method and subsequently observed the effect of molecular weight of poly lactic-co-glycolic acid, loading of poly lactic-co-glycolic acid, sonication period on the cytotoxic effect of 10 % w/w 5-FU loaded PLGA nanoparticles against human A549 Isogenic cell line.
In this experiment, two points are more evident: first, poly lactic-co-glycolic acid has a major impact on 5-FU release due to higher degradation and rate of diffusion in nanoparticle solution; and second, nanoparticles with a larger surface area and smaller particle size have a lower half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value. The IC50 of all nanoparticles was significantly higher (p=0.0145) than that of the free 5-FU controlled group (8.34Nm). The cytotoxicity would be greater if the IC50 value was lower. Nanoparticles with an 18-minute sonication time was found to be more cytotoxic than those with PLGA nanoparticles containing 12% polyvinyl alcohol.
In this experiment 10% w/w 5-FU loaded poly lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles was prepared for laboratory research to translational research for the treatment of lung cancer.
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Gingko Biloba Extract in Cotton Pellet-Induced Granuloma in Rats: A comparative Study with Prednisolone and Dexamethasone
Authors: Ahmed Azad Kareem  , Aziz Tavga Ahmed , Zheen Aorahman Ahmed  , Hemn Hassan Othman  , Saad Abdulrahman Hussain  
Published: June 2022

The current study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of GKB in the rat model of granulomatous inflammation. Thirty rats were distributed into five groups: The first group served as negative control group that received distilled water (DW) only without inducting inflammation, positive control group; treated with DW with the induction of inflammation and they were assigned to cotton pellet-induced granuloma, ginkgo biloba (GKB) treated group (200mg/kg/day), dexamethasone-treated group (1mg/kg), and Prednisolone treated group (5mg/kg). All the treatments were given orally for seven consecutive days. On day eight, the rats were anesthetized and the pellets together with granulation tissue were carefully removed and made free from extraneous tissue. The weight and the percent of the exudate and granuloma were determined and samples of the tissues were sent for histopathological examination. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture and used for the analysis of the inflammatory markers: TNF-alfa, IL10, VCAM-1, and hs-CRP. The study revealed a significant reduction in the weight and the percent of exudate (p-value = 0.019), (17%) and granuloma (p-value = 0.013), (20%) by GKB which was comparable to that produced by prednisolone. All the treatment groups showed a significant reduction in serum TNF-?, VCAM-1, and hs-CRP concentration compared with the positive control. The histopathological finding revealed pronounced improvement. In the current study, GKB was effective in attenuating the level of inflammation by decreasing the exudate, granuloma, and inflammatory markers. The underlying mechanisms could be the inhibitory effect on the expression of the inflammatory cytokines and endothelial adhesion molecule. These findings suggest GKB as a good contender to be tested in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Development of novel paracetamol/naproxen co-crystals with an improvement in naproxen solubility.
Authors: Al-Dulaimi Amal Fakhrulddin , Al-Kotaji Myasar Mohammed , Abachi Faris Thanoon 
Published: June 2022

Co-crystals are new solid forms of drugs that could resolve more than one problem associated with drugs formulations like solubility, stability, bioavailability, mechanical and tableting properties. A preliminary theoretical study for estimating the possible bonding between the co-crystal components (paracetamol and naproxen) was performed using the ChemOffice program. The results revealed a high possibility for bonding between paracetamol and naproxen and indicated the ability of molecular mechanics study to predict the co-crystal design.
In this work, four different methods were used for the preparation of three different ratios 1:1, 2:1, and 1:2 of paracetamol:naproxen co-crystals. The four methods are liquid-assisted grinding, solvent evaporation method, ultrasonic-assisted co-crystallization, and microwave-assisted co-crystallization. The characterization of the prepared co-crystal was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric Analysis, Differential scanning calorimetry, Powder X-Ray diffraction, and Field emission scanning electron microscopy.
The results showed that the most successful method for co-crystal production was solvent evaporation methods. The FTIR and DSC results indicated the formation of paracetamol-naproxen co-crystals when prepared by using the solvent evaporation method in the three ratios 1:1 (N1), 2:1 (N2), and 1:2 (N3). Moreover, the PXRD results confirm the previous conclusions.
A solubility study was conducted to compare the water solubility of pure paracetamol and naproxen with co-crystals solubility. The naproxen solubility was improved by more than two times in (1:1) and (1:2) paracetamol/naproxen co-crystals.
To conclude, this work succeeded in formation of new paracetamol/naproxen co-crystals, which can be considered as a new promising technique for formulation of these two drugs with an obvious enhancement in naproxen solubility and crystallinity. This could be exploited in preparation of tablets with possible enhancement in dissolution and bioavailability, however, further work is needed to prove this assumption.
PAGAMENTOS POR SERVIÇOS AMBIENTAIS E ECOSSISTÊMICOS PARA PRODUÇÃO DE ÁGUA
Authors: Matos Leitão Alexander , Ferreira da Silva Luciana 
Published: June 2022

Os Pagamentos por Serviços Ambientais (PSA), são um tema em ascensão na academia e nas formulações de políticas públicas, em nível global. Isso dá ao tema, além da notoriedade, à necessidade de esboçar o seu estado da arte e assim alinhar as discussões mundiais aos cenários locais. O objetivo desse estudo foi realizar uma Revisão Sistemática sobre os PSA, em específico os relacionados a Produção de Água (PSA – Água). Foi realizado um Science Mapping, que partiu de um protocolo pesquisa em artigos internacionais, de acesso aberto, disponíveis na base de dados Scopus e Web of Science, em um recorte de cinco anos. Os dados foram tratados no R Studio®, Excel® e no Biblioshiny®. Foram selecionados 208 artigos, submetidos aos critérios de exclusão do Methodi Ordinatio Modificado. Já a análise de conteúdo se valeu dos 21 artigos mais relevantes para essa pesquisa. Os resultados demonstraram que os temas Serviços Ambientais e Ecossistêmicos, atualmente tem tido muito destaque nas discussões. Por fim, pode-se concluir que apesar da heterogeneidade das pesquisas, o consenso está relacionado a preocupação global com o uso e preservação dos recursos hídricos e que os programas de PSA – Água, mesmo com muitos desafios, estão beneficiando diversas comunidades locais.
Palavras-chave: revisão sistemática; bioeconomia; recursos hídricos; desenvolvimento agrícola; preservação ambiental.

Payments for environmental and ecosystem services for water production

ABSTRACT: Payments for Environmental Services (PES) are a rising topic in academia and in policymaking at a global level. This gives the theme, in addition to notoriety, the need to outline its state of the art and, thus, align global discussions with local scenarios. The objective of this study was to carry out a Systematic Review on PSA, specifically those related to Water Production (PSA - Water). A Scientific Mapping was carried out, based on a research protocol in international, open access articles, available in the Scopus and Web of Science databases, over a period of five years. Data were processed in R Studio®, Excel® and Biblioshiny®. A total of 208 articles were selected, submitted to the exclusion criteria of the Modified Methodi Ordinatio. Content analysis used the 21 most relevant articles for this research. The results showed that the themes Environmental Services and Ecosystem Services, currently, have had a lot of prominence in the discussions. Finally, it can be concluded that despite the heterogeneity of the research, the consensus is related to the global concern with the use and preservation of water resources and that the PES - Water programs, even with many challenges, are benefiting several local communities.
Keywords: systematic review; bioeconomy; water resources; agricultural development; environmental preservation.
On Anthimus and his work
Authors: Kokoszko Maciej 
Published: June 2022

In the Church Fathers’ teachings there are numerous references to medical knowledge, including those concerning dietetics. They were, however, not meant to be used to heal the faithful but they were a resource of morally elevating metaphors appropriate in preaching Christian ethics. The first fully extant work on dietetics penned by a Christian author is entitled De observatione ciborum. It is a Latin collection of dietetic advice addressed to Teuderich, ruler of the Franks (6th c. AD). Its author, Anthimus, was a Greek physician exiled from Constantinople, first seeking refuge among the Arrian Goths, and later sent to the Catholic Franks on diplomatic missions. The present article provides a fuller picture of Anthimus’ medical competence and shows arguments to pinpoint the date of compiling the treatise. The analysis is based on three entries of the treatise, namely Chapters 25, 26 and 33. The method adopted in the research is a heuristic analysis of Anthimus’ work, and select, mainly medical, literature. The author of the present study argues that the work was composed in the Constantinopolitan milieu after 508, possibly circa 511. Its author was a competent physician, able to creatively apply theories he learned.
Imperial Panegyric from Diocletian to Honorius, red. Adrastos Omissi, Alan J Ross, Liverpool University Press, Translated Texts for Historians, Contexts 3, Liverpool 2020, ss. 296 + XI
Authors: Szopa Adrian 
Published: June 2022

Recenzja publikacji Imperial Panegyric from Diocletian to Honorius, ed. by Adrastos Omissi and Alan J Ross, Liverpool University Press, Translated Texts for Historians, Contexts 3, Liverpool 2020, ss. 296 + XI.
INTEGRATED CIRC TECHNIQUE, AUTHENTIC MATERIALS, AND ONLINE LEARNING DURING COVID-19
Authors: Sirajuddin Suharti , Yahrif Muhammad , Budiman Muh Indra 
Published: June 2022

This research aimed at finding out the integration of CIRC technique, authentic materials, and online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic, to enhance students writing ability, especially for procedure text. The objective of the research was junior high school class IX in Gowa South Sulawesi, which had 40 students. In this study, researchers used mix method namely explanatory research (quantitative and qualitative method). For quantitative analysis, researchers applied experimentally group by using pre and post-test. For qualitative analysis, the participants had to answers an open-ended questionnaire related to their perspective of the treatment session. The result of the quantitative data analysis showed that the percentage of students' results post-test was higher than pre-Test, which achieved 97.5 % in post-test. The result of the t-test value showed that the combination of CIRC technique, authentic materials, and online learning, affected positively students writing ability, and it was in line with students’ perception of the application of CIRC technique and authentic material. However, from the results of qualitative data, some students preferred to study in class and interact directly with teachers and friends, and some students showed a lack of motivation to cooperate.
INTERNET-BASED LEARNING MEDIA IN THE DIGITAL ERA OF EFL LEARNING IN ENGLISH EDUCATION MASTER PROGRAM (S2 BE)”
Authors: Yuliana Yohanes Gatot Sutapa 
Published: June 2022

In line with the rapid development of technology and the changing times that are increasingly digitalistic, without boundaries, the use of the Internet for education has experienced a very significant development of a sine qua non condition. Internet technology, which has a large enough influence in the world of education, demands a reciprocal awareness of professionalism from all parties around its influence. This media is part of the learning process that tends to be borderless and can be an alternative that must be adapted and optimized in the digitalistic cyber era, as a relevant learning medium. This research is to optimize the tendency of the Internet as a medium of learning activities that are acceptable, fun, relevant and adaptable to the progress and demands of the times that are surrounded by S2BE FKIP UNTAN students. With the ADD design from ADDIE that is tailored to the needs and limitations of activities, this study takes the subject of S2 BE students with EFL being the major with an output target oriented to the creation of the development of EFL learning management that uses Internet technology as a medium. It is hoped that this research can be a reference for the development of EFL learning in a more integrated and maximal way so that the learning outcomes targeted can contribute to the development of human resources for prospective lecturers in West Kalimantan in a more comprehensive and effective manner. Keywords: Internet, Learning, EFL, Development, Digital era
The skill of a group of forensic document examiners in expressing handwriting and signature authorship and production process opinions
Authors: Found Bryan , Rogers Doug , Herkt Allan 
Published: June 2022

Between March 1998 and June 2001, the six members of the New Zealand Police Document Examination Section completed six blind forensic handwriting and signature trials where the identity of the questioned writings were known by the experimenters but not by the document examiners. A total of 7494 opinions were expressed by the examiner group regarding the authorship of questioned handwriting and signature samples. Of these opinions, 2700 were correct, 11 were erroneous and 4783 were inconclusive. This translates into an overall raw error score of 0.1% of opinions, and a ‘called error’ score (one calculated by excluding the inconclusive data) of 0.4% of opinions. In addition, a total of 2982 opinions were expressed by the group on whether questioned signatures were the product of a simulation process. The group did not express any opinions that a simulated signature was the product of a genuine writing process, nor did the examiners express any opinions that a genuine signature was the product of a simulation process. Thus, for process opinions there was a zero error rate for the group. This paper overviews the individual and group opinion data associated with each of the trials. ‘The results provide significant support to the validity and strong probative value of the skill that has been claimed by this group of examiners.
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Comparison of document examiners’ opinions on original and photocopied signatures
Authors: Found Bryan , Rogers Doug , Herkt Allan 
Published: June 2022

There is a lack of empirical evidence concerning document examiners’ ability to perform handwriting compari sons on photocopied writings. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of examiners’ opinions on 260 original questioned signatures and on the same signatures that had been photocop ied. Six of the examiners from the Document Examination Section of the New Zealand Police participated in the study, which comprised two trials. Each trial was constructed ac cording to the accepted process of comparing a group of known (specimen) signatures with a group of questioned signatures where the writer was known to the experimenters but not to the document examiners. One trial contained originals of the specimen and questioned signatures and the other comprised photocopies of the same specimen and questioned signatures. No errors regarding authorship were made for original or pho tocopied signatures, and there were no instances where an identification/elimination opinion was reversed between a photocopy and its original. Only 2.3% of opinions relating to an original signature differed in any way from that offered for its photocopy. The high correct rates for questioned genuine signatures were similar for original (100%) and photocopied signatures (98%). The correct opinion rate regarding the proc ess of production of original and photocopied, simulated, ques tioned signatures combined was 99.7%. The results provide evidence that examiners are able to make comparisons on a complex signature with the same accuracy and similar sensi tivity when using either originals or photocopies.
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Fracturas territoriales en el barrio de Sainte–Marie, Quebéc. ¿De qué estamos hablando?
Authors: Tello Carlos Alberto 
Published: June 2022

iversos asentamientos urbanos en el mundo se fracturan al interior (se dividen) por distintas razones poniendo en serio riesgo su sustentabilidad (i.e, seguir habitandolos). Este trabajo analiza esa situación a través de una serie de relaciones biunívocas realizadas en una de las zonas más pobres de la provincia de Quebéc: en la ciudad de Montreal, el barrio de Sainte-Marie. Los resultados indicaron que la variable dependiente « libre voluntad de permanencia (VOPE) » fue reportada por los residentes como únicamente « regular » con la excepción de su interrelación con dos de las variables independientes « necesidad de mejora residencial (NERE) » y « necesidad de mejora comercial (NCOM) » de todo el conjunto analizado. Esto significa que en este momento, el posible sentimiento de arraigo al barrio está equilibrado con el sentimiento de emigrar.
Simulación de propuesta de conectividad de voz y datos en edificio de la Universidad Tecnológica de Tamaulipas Norte
Authors: Calles Calles V.I. , Vargas Requena D.T. , Huerta Mendoza J.C. , Malacara Navejar J.G. , Rodríguez Rodríguez A.J. , Martínez Rodríguez J.L. 
Published: June 2022

Los servicios de conectividad dentro de una institución son prioritarios para la optimización de recursos materiales y la disposición de personal. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una propuesta (basada en los estándares y normas aplicables al cableado estructurado) para la conectividad de voz y datos en las instalaciones de una Institución de Educación Superior ubicada en ciudad Reynosa Tamaulipas (México). Se realiza una simulación de la red mediante el software Packet Tracer de Cisco para observar su rendimiento. Los resultados registrados una vez realizadas las pruebas de respuesta de conectividad dentro y entre las diferentes redes de área local (1 m/s para equipos conectados al mismo switch y 4 m/s o menos para equipos conectados en diferentes switches) demuestran el funcionamiento de la red en un entorno simulado referido al entorno real, concluyendo que la propuesta es funcional y operativa desde el punto de vista administrativo para su implementación.
The connectivity services within an institution are a priority for the optimization of material resources and the availability of personnel. The objective of this work is to present a proposal (based on the standards and norms applicable to structured cabling) for voice and data connectivity in the facilities of a Higher Education Institution located in the city of Reynosa Tamaulipas (Mexico). The network is simulated using Cisco Packet Tracer software to observe its performance. The results recorded after conducting the connectivity response tests within and between the different local area networks (1 m/s for equipment connected to the same switch and 4 m/s or less for equipment connected to different switches) demonstrate the operation of the network in a simulated environment referred to the real environment, concluding that the proposal is functional and operational from the administrative point of view for its implementation.
Software para la Elaboración del Título Electrónico en la Escuela de Enfermería “Dr. José Ángel Cadena y Cadena” de Ciudad Reynosa, Tamaulipas (México)
Authors: Cerda Martínez R. de J. , Huerta Mendoza J.C. , Malacara Navejar J.G. , González Salazar M.B. , David Vargas Requena D.T. , Terán Gutiérrez L. , Ortega Padrón M. 
Published: June 2022

Se expone como objetivo principal el desarrollo e implementación de un software en lenguaje de programación C#, compatible con Microsoft Windows y con la base de datos del sistema GES 5, considerando la forma en la que se deben presentar los títulos electrónicos, de acuerdo con lo publicado en el Diario Oficial de la Federación (DOF) y en trabajo colaborativo con la Secretaria de Educación de Tamaulipas (SEP) y la Dirección General de Profesiones (DGP), para el seguimiento de criterios y reglas. La metodología empleada para el desarrollo de este proyecto consideró principalmente 5 etapas: identificar los criterios de la DEP y la DGP; conocer las necesidades del departamento de Titulación de la Institución; identificar las especificaciones técnicas del equipo de desarrollo con el que cuenta el departamento de Titulación de la Institución; desarrollar el software; generar pruebas en la estación de trabajo del departamento. El resultado principal es el correcto funcionamiento del software cumpliendo con los requerimientos de la escuela de enfermería “Dr. José Ángel Cadena y Cadena”, registrando exitosamente 925 títulos de Licenciatura en Enfermería y Posgrado en el período octubre 2019-mayo 2020.
The main objective is the development and implementation of software in C# Programming Language, compatible with Microsoft Windows and the GES 5 system database, considering the way in which electronic titles should be presented, according to what was published in the Journal. Federation Official (DOF) and in collaborative work with the Tamaulipas Secretary of Education (SEP) and the General Directorate of Professions (DGP), for monitoring criteria and rules. The methodology used for the development of this project mainly considered 5 stages: identifying the DEP and DGP criteria; know the needs of the Institution's Degree department; identify the technical specifications of the development team that the Institution's Titration department has; develop the software; generate tests at the department workstation; train personnel for the proper use of the developed software. The main result is the correct operation of the software, complying with the requirements of the “Dr. José Ángel Cadena y Cadena” nursing school, successfully registering 925 Bachelor of Nursing and Postgraduate degrees in the period October 2019-May 2020.