bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mass Media Habits of Benguet State University Student, First Semester 2006-2007
Authors: Bugtong H. C. , Fang-asan M.L. D. 
Published: February 2025

This study was conducted to determine the characteristics of the respondents, to identify the mass media used by the BSU students, to determine their reasons for using a particular type of mass media, to determine the frequency and duration of exposure to mess media and to determine the information needs of BSU students. An interview schedule was used to gather data from 214 respondents chosen using quota sampling. Most of the respondents were single and belonged to the age range of 19 years old and below.

The commonly used medium was the radio but the respondents used various other mass media to be informed, to be entertained and to complete school requirements. From the different mass media, the students acquired information on politics, showbiz, economy, religion, job opportunities, and agriculture. Majority of the respondents listened to the radio daily for around two to three hours. Less than half watched TV everyday and/or read newspapers.

It is concluded that most of the students of BSU are within the age group of regular college students; that students are multi-media users; that they have different reasons for using mass media and that they get varied information from mass media not only for academic requirements but also for general information. Mass media are a part of the students’ daily lives.

It is recommended that teachers should design alternative learning activities to encourage students to read more or to use mass media. Mass media producers should continue airing, publishing, and posting more educational topics especially on agriculture. BSU may use radio as a medium in disseminating information from the school to BSU students of BSU employees. It is further recommended that a study on the mass media habits of Benguet State University teachers should also be conducted.
A influência do Deus Ba’al na mística panteísta israelita
Authors: Serafim de Souza Marcelo , Hélio José , Schmitt Flávio 
Published: February 2025

O Artigo em questão se propõe a estudar a complexa questão acerca da adoração cúltica ao Deus Baal[1] na arqueologia, na vida de Israel e na Bíblia. Pretende-se demonstrar que a monolatria não foi regra em Israel, mas exceção. A influência do Deus Baal na mística panteísta israelita iniciou-se justamente com o contato de Israel com as nações vizinhas e com a conquista de Canaã, a terra prometida. O convívio de Israel com os cananitas fê-los abarcar a adoração aos deuses já cultuados naquela região, em específico, o Deus Baal. Desse modo, ainda que o culto a Yahweh, não fora abandonado pela nação israelita, Israel, movido por influência, passa a prestar culto a Yahweh junto ao culto prestado aos demais deuses, fazendo de Israel uma nação politeísta e polilátrica.

[1] Como há possibilidade de escrita, na língua portuguesa, desse nome sem o uso da apóstrofe, doravante empregaremos a forma “Baal”, em substituição à escrita semítica “Ba’al”.
A Baalização de Javé em perspectiva decolonial
Authors: Dietrich Luiz José , Araújo Marcelo Sales 
Published: February 2025

Este artigo analisa a transformação que ocorreu na religião de Israel – especialmente no culto a Baal e a Javé – no processo de implantação da monolatria em Israel, pela violenta intervenção religiosa e política dos reis Ezequias (716 – 687 a.C.) e Josias (640 – 609 a.C.). Estes dois reis visaram pôr fim à antiga e tradicional vivência religiosa de Judá e de Israel, na qual predominava grande diversidade de locais de culto, vários Deuses e Deusas, muitas famílias sacerdotais e uma variedade de liturgias e cultos, e de mediadoras e mediadores. Eles centralizaram Jerusalém como o único local de culto permitido (Dt 12,1-12) e estabeleceram Javé como o único Deus de Israel (Dt 13,1-18), proibindo o culto às outras divindades, banindo e destruindo suas imagens e santuários, inclusive matando sacerdotes. Com isso, as atribuições das antigas divindades agora proibidas – que “cuidavam” de parte das necessidades vitais do povo, como a fertilidade dos campos, das pessoas e dos animais – tiveram de ser transferidas, na religião oficial, para Javé. Este artigo foca na transferência dos atributos e funções de Baal para Javé. Javé, agora “oficializado” como a única Divindade de Israel, deverá dar conta das funções anteriormente exercidas pelo conjunto dos Deuses e Deusas proibidas. A transposição dos atributos de Baal para Javé é crucial para a imposição da monolatria, e isto aparece em vários textos da Bíblia Hebraica. Um desses textos é o capítulo 28 do livro do Deuteronômio, nas “bênçãos” e “maldições” que finalizam a aliança que estabelece Javé como o único Deus de Israel, e Israel como povo exclusivo de Javé. Este artigo focará especialmente neste capítulo do livro do Deuteronômio. Como o culto oficial, seja a Javé, Baal ou a outra divindade, tem sempre a mesma função: legitimar os projetos e interesses da elite representada na corte, uma teologia decolonial deverá então apoiar-se não na teologia oficial, mas na teologia vital que disseminou o culto a tal divindade, tornando-a extremamente popular e importante.
Impact of self-efficacy and burnout on professional development of physical education teachers in the digital age: a systematic review
Authors: Ma Luhong , Chee Chen Soon , Amri Saidon , Gao Xuejiao , Wang Qinglei , Wang Nina , Liu Pan 
Published: February 2025

Background
The professional development of teachers in the digital age will positively impact the effectiveness of physical education teaching. Exploring key factors such as self-efficacy, burnout, and digital technology is crucial to ensure the professional development of teachers.

Methods
The search was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines and utilized the following databases: Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Google Scholar. Inclusion and exclusion criteria: population, research methods, keywords, and time limit were described for this study. This article predominantly includes cross-sectional studies, so we have used the AXIS risk assessment methodology.

Results
The study included ten articles, seven of which (70%) were quantitative. Three key findings emerged from this review: first, the studies on self-efficacy were more noteworthy than the studies on burnout. Second, female teachers were more expressive in their digital teaching, while male teachers had higher levels of self-efficacy in their digital teaching. Finally, the study explored various factors affecting self-efficacy and burnout in relation to digital teaching. The study demonstrated that professional development has a higher impact on physical education teachers’ self-efficacy, and in turn, self-efficacy reduces burnout. Additionally, burnout had a significant impact on professional development.

Conclusion
This study describes the limitations of risk assessment and uses the AXIS tool to assess the methodological quality of this review report instead of using the risk of bias tool. The use of digital teaching methods can increase self-efficacy and alleviate burnout among physical education teachers. This review analyses the effects of digital technology, self-efficacy, and burnout on the career progression of physical education instructors and examines the implications for future developments.
Profile of Tuberculosis Deaths by Mesoregion in the State of Pará from 2012 to 2022: An Ecological Study
Authors: Marcos Weber , Lobato Diana da Costa , Garcez Juliana Conceição Dias , Sardinha Daniele Melo , Marinho Rebecca Lobato , Júnior Adilson Mendes De Figueiredo , Lima Karla Valéria Batista 
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infection caused by bacteria from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, transmitted through airborne aerosols, released during coughing, talking, or sneezing. Despite advancements in TB control and the availability of established treatments for over 40 years, there are still ten million new cases, and 1.5 million deaths reported annually worldwide.
Methods: A descriptive and ecological study was performed on all TB-related deaths reported between 2010 and 2022, in Pará, Brazil. Data were obtained from Notifiable diseases Information System. The study have analyzed clinical, epidemiological and sociodemographic characteristics, as well as geographical and statistical trends in mortality, using binary logistic regression.
Results: A total of 1,253 TB-related deaths were reported in Pará. There was a significant increasing trend in the mortality rate, with the highest value observed in the metropolitan mesoregion. The mean age was 52.1 years, most were male, brown, without elementary education and lived in the urban area. New TB cases were the most frequently recorded, with the pulmonary clinical form accounting for 84% of cases and 15.5% of cases reported from alcoholism. The most common diagnosis was sputum smear microscopy, however, follow-up sputum smear microscopies were infrequently and directly observable treatment was rarely performed (19.2%). The multivariate analysis of deaths by mesoregion revealed significant differences with each mesoregion exhibiting distinct contributing variables.
Conclusions: Our results show the need for epidemiological surveillance professionals to implemente different surveillance measures and strategies for each mesoregion. Strengthening municipal healthcare system is a critical step to ensure early diagnosis and appropriate treatment for each clinical case. In addition, public policies should aim to improve socio-environmental and economic conditions addressing regional disparities to better serve the community.
Intrinsic Oxygen Use Kinetics of Transformed Plant Root Culture
Authors: Asplund Patrick T. , Curtis Wayne R. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractRoot meristem oxygen uptake, root tip extension rate, and specific growth rate are assessed as a function of dissolved oxygen level for three transformed root cultures. The influence of hydrodynamic boundary layer was considered for all measurements to permit correlation of oxygen‐dependent kinetics with the concentration of oxygen at the surface of the root meristem. Oxygen uptake rate is shown to be saturated at ambient conditions, and a saturation level of approximately 300 μmole O2/(cm3 tissue·hr) was observed for all three of these morphologically diverse root types. In nearly all cases, the observation of a minimum oxygen pressure, below which respiration, extension, or root growth would not occur, could be accounted for as a boundary layer mass transfer resistance. The critical oxygen pressure below which respiration declines is below saturated ambient oxygen conditions. In contrast, critical oxygen pressures for root tip extension were much higher; extension was nearly linear for the two thicker root types (Hyoscyamus muticus, henbain; Solanum tuberosum, potato) above ambient oxygen levels. The performance of the thinnest root, Brassica juncea (Indian mustard) was consistent with reduced internal limitations for oxygen transport. Extension rates did not correlate with biomass accumulation. The fastest growing henbain culture (μ = 0.44 day−1) displayed the slowest extension rate (0.16 mm/hr), and the slowest growing mustard culture (μ = 0.22 day−1) had the fastest tip extension rate (0.3 mm/hr). This apparent paradox is explained in terms of root branching patterns, where the root branching ratio is shown to be dependent upon the oxygen‐limited mersitem extension rate. The implications of these observations on the performance of root culture in bioreactors is discussed.
A method of choosing locations based on genotype × environment interaction for regional trials of rice
Authors: Fan L. J. , Hu B. M. , Shi C. H. , Wu J. G. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAn ideal test location with particular environmental conditions should generate a relatively large genotype × environment interaction (GE) value in regional trials. A method of selecting test locations based on GE was proposed. Using the statistic Dj, the ranking of ability to discriminate the best genotypes for locations could be obtained. The locations among the group with the smallest Dj value were deleted from the whole set step by step, and the number of locations was reduced to a rational level at which most (over 85%) of the GE sum of squares of trials were maintained. A comparative evaluation based on data collected from Zhejiang Province (China) rice regional trials showed that the new method was more feasible than two other methods without loss of accuracy and reliability.
A MODIFICATION OF ISOLATED ROUX LOOP RECONSTRUCTION AFTER PANCREATICODUODENECTOMY
Authors: Toogood Giles J. , Wilson Thomas G. , Padbury Robert T. A. 
Published: July 2002

Background: Different techniques of reconstruction following pancreaticoduodenectomy have been described. A new modification using an isolated Roux‐en‐Y loop is reported. Methods: The isolated loop is taken up to bile duct rather than pancreas as previously described. Results: Seventeen patients have undergone this procedure. Two pancreatic fistulae developed, both following postoperative abscess formation. There was no operative mortality. Conclusion: This reconstruction provides separation of biliary and pancreatic fluid but adds two further benefits: the wide jejunal lumen allows for an easier pancreaticojejunal anastomosis, particularly when operating on a soft pancreas, and separation of gastric and biliary anastomoses prevents the efflux of bile into stomach.
Near‐normoglycaemic remission in African‐Americans with Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with recovery of beta cell function
Authors: McFarlane S. I. , Chaiken R. L. , Hirsch S. , Harrington P. , Lebovitz H. E. , Banerji M. A. 
Published: July 2002

SUMMARY Aims  To prospectively determine the frequency of remission and possible mechanism of beta cell recovery in non‐Whites with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in the setting of intensive glycaemic regulation using pharmacological agents.Methods  Twenty‐six consecutive, newly diagnosed African‐American, Type 2 diabetic patients presenting primarily for severe hyperglycaemia (31.0 ± 12.8 mmol/l) were followed for at least 1 year. Initial hospitalization included treatment with insulin, fluids and electrolytes. Outpatient intensive glycaemic regulation included insulin or glibenclamide, diabetes education and diet that altered nutrient content. Plasma glucose and C‐peptide responses to an oral glucose tolerance test and HbA1c were measured at < 14, 15–56 and 57–112 days after presentation. Remission was defined as a HbA1c ≤ 6.3% and fasting plasma glucose < 6.9 mmol/l, 3 months after discontinuing all pharmacological agents.Results  Eleven of 26 patients (42.3%) developed remission after a mean of 83 days of pharmacological treatment and remained in remission during follow‐up for 248–479 days; one relapsed after 294 days. Fifteen patients who did not develop a remission and were followed for 168–468 days, required continuing pharmacological therapy to be well‐controlled. (mean HbA1c = 7.1%). There was no significant difference in age, sex, plasma glucose at presentation, initial glycaemic regulation, final body mass index, magnitude of weight change or pharmacological agents used for treatment between the two groups. Plasma C‐peptide response to oral glucose was initially (< 14 days) suppressed in all subjects and subsequently increased. The increase was significantly greater in those who underwent a remission than those who did not. Neither significant weight loss nor severe hypoglycaemia was observed in either group during intensive treatment.Conclusions  Forty‐two per cent of newly diagnosed, unselected African‐Americans with Type 2 diabetes, treated intensively using pharmacological agents, education and diet developed near‐normoglycaemic remission. Remission was associated with a greater recovery of glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion suggesting that therapies directed at promoting beta cell recovery and preservation are potentially useful approaches to the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Effects of tinted intraocular lens on contrast sensitivity
Authors: Niwa Kazushi , Yoshino Yukio , Okuyama Fumio , Tokoro Takashi 
Published: July 2002

SummaryWe evaluated contrast sensitivity and glare in 64 pseudophakic eyes. An ultraviolet‐absorbing intraocular lens (IOL) was implanted in 32 eyes and a noncyanopsia yellow‐tinted IOL was implanted in 32 eyes. The latter lens was designed to effectively absorb light below a wavelength of 500 nm. Contrast sensitivity was measured at a pupil diameter of 3 mm using an artificial pupil. The implanted yellow‐tinted IOL showed improved contrast sensitivity in the middle spatial frequencies of 6 and 12 c/deg in photopic and mesopic vision. In addition, the yellow‐tinted IOL decreased the effect of central glare on the contrast sensitivity.
Dysrhythmias of the respiratory oscillator
Authors: Paydarfar David , Buerkel Daniel M. 
Published: July 2002

Breathing is regulated by a central neural oscillator that produces rhythmic output to the respiratory muscles. Pathological disturbances in rhythm (dysrhythmias) are observed in the breathing pattern of children and adults with neurological and cardiopulmonary diseases. The mechanisms responsible for genesis of respiratory dysrhythmias are poorly understood. The present studies take a novel approach to this problem. The basic postulate is that the rhythm of the respiratory oscillator can be altered by a variety of stimuli. When the oscillator recovers its rhythm after such perturbations, its phase may be reset relative to the original rhythm. The amount of phase resetting is dependent upon stimulus parameters and the level of respiratory drive. The long-range hypothesis is that respiratory dysrhythmias can be induced by stimuli that impinge upon or arise within the respiratory oscillator with certain combinations of strength and timing relative to the respiratory cycle. Animal studies were performed in anesthetized or decerebrate preparations. Neural respiratory rhythmicity is represented by phrenic nerve activity, allowing use of open-loop experimental conditions which avoid negative chemical feedback associated with changes in ventilation.
In animal experiments, respiratory dysrhythmias can be induced by stimuli having specific combinations of strength and timing. Newborn animals readily exhibit spontaneous dysrhythmias which become more prominent at lower respiratory drives. In human subjects, swallowing was studied as a physiological perturbation of respiratory rhythm, causing a pattern of phase resetting that is characterized topologically as type 0. Computational studies of the Bonhoeffer–van der Pol (BvP) equations, whose qualitative behavior is representative of many excitable systems, supports a unified interpretation of these experimental findings. Rhythmicity is observed when the BvP model exhibits recurrent periods of excitation alternating with refractory periods. The same system can be perturbed to a state in which amplitude of oscillation is attenuated or abolished. We have characterized critical perturbations which induce transitions between these two states, giving rise to patterns of dysrhythmic activity that are similar to those seen in the experiments. We illustrate the importance of noise in initiation and termination of rhythm, comparable to normal respiratory rhythm intermixed with spontaneous dysrhythmias. In the BvP system the incidence and duration of dysrhythmia is shown to be strongly influenced by the level of noise. These studies should lead to greater understanding of rhythmicity and integrative responses of the respiratory control system, and provide insight into disturbances in control mechanisms that cause apnea and aspiration in clinical disease states.
Background Si-doping effects on Zn diffusion-induced disordering in GaAs/AlGaAs multiple-quantum-well structures
Authors: Ky Nguyen Hong , Ganière J. D. , Reinhart F. K. , Blanchard B. 
Published: July 2002

Identical GaAs/Al0.2Ga0.8As multiple-quantum-well (MQW) structures uniformly doped with Si at various concentrations ranging from 1×1017 to 1×1019 cm−3 are grown by molecular-beam epitaxy to study the effects of the background Si-doping level on the Zn diffusion-induced disordering process. After Zn diffusions at 575 °C for 4 and 16 h, the structures are investigated by secondary-ion-mass spectrometry, and by transmission electron microscopy on cleaved wedges of the sample. The results show that the totally and partially disordered regions are always behind the Zn diffusion front. A dependence of the effective Zn diffusivity and of the disordering rate of the structures on the background Si-doping level is observed. The effective Zn diffusivity and the disordering rate are significantly reduced with increasing background Si concentration. Before Zn diffusion, photoluminescence spectra of the Si-doped MQW structures exhibit an increase in intensity of the Si donor–column-III vacancy complex emission band with increasing Si-doping level. This indicates that the concentration of column-III vacancies in the MQW structures increases as the background Si concentration increases. After Zn diffusion, an important decrease in intensity of the column-III vacancy related emission band is observed on the photoluminescence spectra taken in the Zn-diffused regions.
The systematical analysis of the photoluminescence spectra of the Zn-diffused MQW structures as a function of diffusion time and as a function of etching depth below the sample surface makes it possible to describe the physical processes occurring during Zn diffusion. A model based on the ‘‘kick-out’’ mechanism of Zn diffusion is proposed to explain the effect of the background Si-doping level on the effective Zn diffusivity. The model shows that the effective Zn diffusivity is controlled by the concentration of column-III interstitials behind the Zn diffusion front and by the donor concentration in the sample. During the incorporation of Zn into the crystal lattice, column-III interstitials are generated. The supersaturation of these interstitials behind the Zn diffusion front is responsible for the enhancement of Al–Ga interdiffusion. Since column-III interstitials and column-III vacancies can mutually annihilate, the concentration of column-III interstitial and column-III vacancy in the Zn-diffused region is reduced with increasing Si-doping level, leading to a retardation of Zn diffusion into the MQW structure. On the other hand, a decrease of the effective Zn diffusivity caused by an increase in donor concentration in the samples is also demonstrated.
Our results give evidence for the Fermi-level effect and the interactions between different point defects during Zn diffusion-induced disordering of GaAs/AlGaAs multilayered structures.