bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymorphisms XRCC1-R399Q and XRCC3-T241M and the Risk of Breast Cancer at the Ontario Site of the Breast Cancer Family Registry
Authors: Figueiredo Jane C. , Knight Julia A. , Briollais Laurent , Andrulis Irene L. , Ozcelik Hilmi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study investigates the role of two nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in DNA repair genes, X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1)-R399Q and X-ray repair cross-complementing group 3 (XRCC3)-T241M, in breast cancer. Incident cases of invasive breast cancer in Caucasian women [n = 402, mean age = 45.7 (SD = 6.2) years] and female Caucasian controls [n = 402, mean age = 45.2 (6.5) years] frequency matched on 5-year age intervals were identified from the Ontario Familial Breast Cancer Registry. No evidence for a main effect of the XRCC1-R399Q genotype on breast cancer risk was observed. Estimates of risk for a family history (FH) of breast cancer compared with no FH differed by XRCC1-R399Q genotype (P value for interaction = 0.001). Homozygote XRCC1-399 R/R individuals and FH+ were at a 2.92-fold [95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.47–5.79] increased risk of disease compared with FH− individuals; the estimate of risk increased for R/Q heterozygotes with FH+ [odds ratio (OR) = 3.85, 95% CI = 1.94–7.65] but not for Q/Q homozygotes with FH+ (OR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.20–1.47) compared with homozygous R/R and FH− individuals. A marginal positive association for XRCC3-241 M/M compared with T/T genotype was found (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 0.94–2.19), but the heterozygous T/M was not associated with an increase in risk (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.71–1.32). There was also some evidence for a combined effect of body mass index and XRCC3-T241M on estimates of risk. Our results suggest that these polymorphisms may influence breast cancer risk by modifying the effect of risk factors such as FH. There is a need for further study into the role of these polymorphisms as effect modifiers.
Common Gene Polymorphisms in the Metabolic Folate and Methylation Pathway and the Risk of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma in Adults
Authors: Gemmati Donato , Ongaro Alessia , Scapoli Gian L. , Della Porta Matteo , Tognazzo Silvia , Serino Maria L. , Di Bona Eros , Rodeghiero Francesco , Gilli Giuseppe , Reverberi Roberto , Caruso Angelo , Pasello Michela , Pellati Agnese , De Mattei Monica 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Folate and methionine metabolism is involved in DNA synthesis and methylation processes. Polymorphisms in the genes of folate metabolism enzymes have been associated with some forms of cancer. In a case-control study, we evaluated whether four common polymorphisms in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677T and A1298C), methionine synthase (MS A2756G), and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR A66G) genes may have a role in altering susceptibility to adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). We analyzed DNA of 120 adult ALL, 200 NHL, and 257 healthy control subjects. Individual carrying the MTHFR 677TT genotype showed a 3.6-fold decreased ALL risk [odds ratio (OR) 0.28, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.12–0.72] than wild-types. Similarly, MS 2756GG individuals showed a 5.0-fold decreased ALL risk (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.02–1.45) than wild-types. In combined results, subjects with the MTHFR 677CT/TT and MS 2756AG/GG genotypes revealed a 3.6-fold ALL risk reduction (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.14–0.58) and those with the MTHFR 677TT and MTRR 66AG genotypes revealed a 4.2-fold ALL risk reduction (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.06–0.81). Finally, those with the MS 2756AG/GG and MTRR 66AG/GG genotypes revealed a 2.2-fold ALL risk reduction (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.10–0.85). Single analysis for NHL did not show any significant difference for all the polymorphisms investigated, but in the low-grade NHL subgroup, we found a 2.0-fold risk reduction for the MTRR 66GG homozygous genotype (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.25–0.99), which was higher (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.14–0.85) when analyzed in combination with MS 2756AA genotype. These data are in accordance with the hypothesis that polymorphisms in the genes for folate and methionine metabolism might play a greater role in the occurrence of ALL than NHL by influencing DNA synthesis and/or DNA methylation.
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) −463G→A Reduces MPO Activity and DNA Adduct Levels in Bronchoalveolar Lavages of Smokers
Authors: Van Schooten Frederik J. , Boots Agnes W. , Knaapen Ad M. , Godschalk Roger W. L. , Maas Lou M. , Borm Paul J. A. , Drent Marjolein , Jacobs Jan A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The myeloperoxidase (MPO) −463G→A genetic polymorphism is associated with a reduced risk for lung cancer, but the underlying mechanism is not yet elucidated. Therefore, the impact of this polymorphism on MPO activity and lipophilic DNA adducts was studied in respectively bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and cells, from 106 smoking Caucasian lung patients. MPO activity was determined spectrophotometrically, aromatic DNA adducts by 32P-postlabeling and MPO genotypes by RFLP analysis. Frequencies of MPO −463AA (13%), MPO −463AG (36%), and MPO −463GG (51%) were in line with earlier observations. MPO activity/neutrophil was lower in MPO −463AA (median 0.04 pU/cell) than in MPO −463AG (median 0.07 pU/cell) and MPO −463GG (median 0.14 pU/cell; P = 0.059) individuals. DNA adducts in BAL cells were measured in 11 MPO −463AA subjects and equal numbers of MPO −463AG and MPO −463GG subjects matched for smoking, age, gender, and clinical diagnosis. DNA adduct levels in MPO −463AA individuals (median 0.62 adducts/108 nucleotides) were lower than in MPO −463AG (median 1.51 adducts/108 nucleotides) and MPO −463GG (median 3.26 adducts/108 nucleotides; P = 0.003) subjects. Overall, no significant correlation was observed between amount of inhaled tar/day and DNA adduct levels. However, correlations improved considerably on grouping according to the MPO genotype; MPO −463AA subjects were the least responsive (R2 = 0.73, slope = 0.4, P = 0.01) followed by MPO −463AG subjects (R2 = 0.70, slope = 1.3, P = 0.01) and MPO −463GG patients (R2 = 0.67, slope = 2.8, P = 0.02). These data demonstrate that MPO −463AA/AG genotypes are associated with (a) reduced MPO activity in BAL fluid and (b) reduced smoking-related DNA adduct levels in BAL cells in a gene-dose manner. These data provide a plausible biological explanation for the reduced risk for lung cancer as observed in MPO −463AA/AG compared with MPO −463GG subjects.
The Epidemiology of Pregnancy-Related Breast Cancers: Are We Ready to Deliver?
Authors: McDonald Jasmine A. , Vilfranc Chrystelle L. , Terry Mary Beth 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The dual effect of pregnancy on breast cancer risk has long been recognized. The short-term increase in breast cancer after pregnancy, particularly cancers that are more aggressive, contrasts starkly with the longer-term decrease. It remains unclear how these opposing effects of pregnancy relate to molecular subtypes of breast cancer, which impacts translation. Several methodologic challenges remain related to the study and operationalization of key constructs, which remain complicated by the correlation between age at pregnancies, overall parity, and intervals between pregnancies and cancer diagnoses. In this issue of CEBP, Vohra and colleagues address some of these major gaps as well as present novel data on the breast tissue microenvironment. The increasing incidence of invasive breast cancer in women under age 50 years requires improved clinical translation and identification of higher risk women after pregnancy. Thus, it is crucial to address the gaps in our biological understanding of pregnancy-related breast cancers.
See related article by Vohra et al., p. 561
Husserl, Beauvoir, and the Problem of the Sexes
Authors: Zimmer Amie Leigh 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The article links Simone de Beauvoir’s phenomenology and Catherine A. MacKinnon’s feminist, Marxist, standpoint epistemology in virtue of their shared recognition that objectivity is sexed and gendered. This connection is supported by Beauvoir’s close alignment with Edmund Husserl, for whom the question of embodied difference was vital for generating an account of intersubjectivity and locating sex in the historical subject. The article concludes that a consideration of both the transcendental and immanence are central to Beauvoir’s feminist phenomenology and feminist politics alike.
The Impact of Suprarenal Diameter on Outcomes Following Endovascular Aneurysm Repair: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Clifford Kari , Majumder Arunesh , Hill Brigid , Young-Gough Anastasia , Jones Gregory T , Krysa Jolanta 
Published: June 2022

Objectives To determine the association between suprarenal aortic diameters and complications that may be attributed to a dilating phenotype following endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Design This study is a retrospective review. Methods We measured the abdominal aortas of 147 consecutive patients with a mean age of 78.5 (range 60-93) years, who had a mean Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) follow-up of 3 years (6 months to 8 years) at a public Hospital. Aortic calibres measured 5 mm above the highest renal artery were recorded, patients were categorised according to suprarenal diameter; Group A: greater than 25 mm, Group B: less than or equal to 25 mm. Stent migration, aneurysmal sac growth, presence of an endoleak and its type, occlusion events, rupture, interventions and mortality, as well as clinical history and demographic data were compared between groups. Results There was a significantly higher occurrence of stent migration (11% v 0%; P = .01) in patients with larger suprarenal aortas (Group A). The occurrence of any endoleak did not differ between the groups, however, significantly more complications resulting in secondary intervention, excluding occlusions, were noted in Group A (34% vs 17%, P = .04). Conclusions The results from this study suggest that patients with above-average suprarenal diameters (categorised as dilators) may have a higher occurrence of specific complications following EVAR. A more detailed study to establish the association of suprarenal calibre with types of complications following EVAR is warranted.
Prediction of abdominal aortic aneurysm growth by artificial intelligence taking into account clinical, biologic, morphologic, and biomechanical variables
Authors: Kontopodis Nikolaos , Klontzas Michail , Tzirakis Konstantinos , Charalambous Stavros , Marias Kostas , Tsetis Dimitrios , Karantanas Apostolos , Ioannou Christos V 
Published: June 2022

Objectives To develop a prediction model that could risk stratify abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) into high and low growth rate groups, using machine learning algorithms based on variables from different pathophysiological fields. Methods A cohort of 40 patients with small AAAs (maximum diameter 32–53 mm) who had at least an initial and a follow-up CT scan (median follow-up 12 months, range 3–36 months) were included. 29 input variables from clinical, biological, morphometric, and biomechanical pathophysiological aspects extracted for predictive modeling. Collected data were used to build two supervised machine learning models. A gradient boosting (XGboost) and a support vector machines (SVM) algorithm were trained with 60% and tested with 40% of the data to predict which AAA would achieve a growth rate higher than the median of our study cohort. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves and areas under the curve (AUC) were used for the evaluation of the developed algorithms. Results XGboost achieved the highest AUC in predicting high compared to low AAA growth rate with an AUC of 81.2% (95% CI from 61.1 to 100%). SVM achieved the second highest performance with an AUC of 68.8% (95% CI from 46.5 to 91%). Based on the best performing algorithm, variable importance was estimated. Diameter–diameter ratio (maximum diameter/neck diameter), Tortuosity from Renal arteries to aortic bifurcation, and maximum thickness of the intraluminal thrombus were found to be the most important factors for model predictions. Other factors were also found to play a significant but less important role. Conclusions A prediction model that can risk stratify AAAs into high and low growth rate groups could be developed by analyzing several factors implicated in the multifactorial pathophysiology of this disease, with the use of machine learning algorithms. Future studies including larger patient cohorts and implementing additional risk markers may aid in the establishment of such methodology during AAA rupture risk estimation.
COVID-19 in Long-Term Care: The Built Environment Impact on Infection Control
Authors: Benbow William (Bill) 
Published: June 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to review available literature for evidence-based impact of the built environment upon the prevention and management of COVID-19 with a view to emphasizing lessons learned for future infection control of pandemics. Background: This is urgently needed given the devastation brought upon long-term care residents worldwide. Long-term care (LTC) facilities face a battle to protect their residents. Previous studies of infection control design issues have focused generally on Fomites: that is, contaminated objects and surfaces. As COVID-19 has been shown to be largely spread through the air, this article will broaden the focus to include engineering controls that effect this type of transmission. Method: A literature search was conducted using key words such as long-term care facilities, built environment, COVID-19, infection control, and nursing homes. Results: Results were sorted using an engineering controls pyramid developed by the author to stratify approaches to LTC infrastructure. Basically, six elements were supported: ventilation, spatial separation, physical barriers, hand hygiene stations, resident room zones, and private rooms. Implications: Conclusions were that the built environment has a major impact on infection control that can be deleterious or beneficial. Substantial changes need to be made to protect the very vulnerable LTC population from future pandemics and infectious diseases.
Conventional Versus 3D Plates for Mandibular Anterior Region Fractures: A Comparative Study
Authors: Aurora Jitender K. , Tiwari Shamita , Dubey Krishna Nand , Tandon Parul , Chauhan Himanshu , Srivastava Amartya Prakash , Saxena Mohit 
Published: June 2022

Introduction The management of facial trauma is one of the most challenging aspects for maxillofacial surgeons. The prominent position and configuration of the mandible make it one of the most frequent facial bones to be fractured. Open reduction and internal fixation are the preferred treatment methods for mandibular fractures. Objective To compare the effect of three-dimensional (3D) plates and conventional miniplates for internal fixation of anterior mandibular fractures. Material and Method This was a controlled and randomized clinical trial. A total of 14 patients aged between 21 and 50 years, who had symphyseal or parasymphyseal mandibular fractures, were randomly selected for this study from the outpatient clinic of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department. In this study, open reduction and internal fixation were performed for mandibular symphyseal and parasymphyseal region fractures using 3D plates in 7 patients as the study group and miniplates in 7 patients as the control group. Patients were followed for a period of 3 months at the interval of 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 3 months for wound dehiscence, infection segmental mobility, postoperative occlusion, significant postoperative complications, and radiological evaluation of reduction, and fixation was done with a postoperative orthopantamogram (OPG) and 6 months postop computed tomography scan. Result There was no statistical difference between the 2 groups regarding pain, sensory response, operating time, occlusion, postoperative infection, wound dehiscence, mobility of fracture segment, and bone healing.
Linear programming based gene expression model (LPM-GEM) predicts the carbon source for Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Thanamit Kulwadee , Hoerhold Franziska , Oswald Marcus , Koenig Rainer 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundElucidating cellular metabolism led to many breakthroughs in biotechnology, synthetic biology, and health sciences. To date, deriving metabolic fluxes by13C tracer experiments is the most prominent approach for studying metabolic fluxes quantitatively, often with high accuracy and precision. However, the technique has a high demand for experimental resources. Alternatively, flux balance analysis (FBA) has been employed to estimate metabolic fluxes without labeling experiments. It is less informative but can benefit from the low costs and low experimental efforts and gain flux estimates in experimentally difficult conditions. Methods to integrate relevant experimental data have been emerged to improve FBA flux estimations. Data from transcription profiling is often selected since it is easy to generate at the genome scale, typically embedded by a discretization of differential and non-differential expressed genes coding for the respective enzymes.ResultWe established the novel method Linear Programming based Gene Expression Model (LPM-GEM). LPM-GEM linearly embeds gene expression into FBA constraints. We implemented three strategies to reduce thermodynamically infeasible loops, which is a necessary prerequisite for such an omics-based model building. As a case study, we built a model ofB. subtilisgrown in eight different carbon sources. We obtained good flux predictions based on the respective transcription profiles when validating with13C tracer based metabolic flux data of the same conditions. We could well predict the specific carbon sources. When testing the model on another, unseen dataset that was not used during training, good prediction performance was also observed. Furthermore, LPM-GEM outperformed a well-established model building methods.ConclusionEmploying LPM-GEM integrates gene expression data efficiently. The method supports gene expression-based FBA models and can be applied as an alternative to estimate metabolic fluxes when tracer experiments are inappropriate.
Alternative instrument for the evaluation of handgrip strength in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: de Souza Mariana Angélica , Martinez Edson Zangiacomi , da Silva Lizzi Elisângela Aparecida , Cezarani Ananda , de Queiroz Davoli Gabriela Barroso , Bená Marjory Irineu , da Rosa Sobreira Cláudia Ferreira , Mattiello-Sverzut Ana Claudia 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The commonly used dynamometers can be ineffective in evaluating handgrip in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), especially children with generalized muscle weakness. The aim of this study was to analyze whether the modified sphygmomanometer is an effective instrument for handgrip strength evaluation in patients with DMD, during different stages of the disease.

Method
The handgrip strength of 33 patients was evaluated by the Jamar dynamometer and the modified sphygmomanometer. Motor function was evaluated by the Motor Function Measurement (MFM) scale. Four evaluations, with a six-month interval between each, were performed: Evaluation 1 (N = 33), Evaluation 2 (N = 24), Evaluation 3 (N = 15), and Evaluation 4 (N = 8). A linear regression model with mixed effects was used for the longitudinal data and descriptive analysis of strength for all four evaluations.

Result
The first evaluation data presented very high correlations between the dynamometer and the modified sphygmomanometer (r = 0.977; p < 0.001). The longitudinal analysis showed a significant difference between Evaluation 1 and the other handgrip strength evaluations obtained using the dynamometer (p < 0.05) but not the modified sphygmomanometer (p > 0.05). Null values were obtained only when using the dynamometer device.

Conclusion
The modified sphygmomanometer seems to be more suitable than the dynamometer for measuring handgrip strength in all stages of DMD.
Validity of a three-item dating abuse victimization screening tool in a 11–21 year old sample
Authors: Rothman Emily F. , Campbell Julia K. , Hoch Ariel M. , Bair-Merritt Megan , Cuevas Carlos A. , Taylor Bruce , Mumford Elizabeth A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Dating abuse (DA) is prevalent and consequential, but no brief DA screening tools are available for use in pediatric or other settings. This study was designed to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of the MARSHA-C, which is a three-item DA victimization screening tool.

Methods
The participants were 224 U.S. youth ages 11–21 years old (20% male, 77% female, 3% non-binary gender). Youth completed an online questionnaire about adolescent relationship abuse. The survey included the Measure of Adolescent Relationship Harassment and Abuse (MARSHA), which is a comprehensive DA measurement instrument normed on a nationally representative sample. Of 34 DA victimization items from the MARSHA, the three most prevalent items were hypothesized to have good predictive validity of the full scale score as a brief, screening version (MARSHA-C). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the MARSHA-C to identify victims of DA was calculated.

Results
Using the MARSHA as the reference standard, the cutpoint of 1 on the MARSHA-C screening tool was identified as optimal. The MARSHA-C had a sensitivity of 84%, a specificity of 91%, and positive predictive value of 91%. Thus, for youth who endorse ≥ 1 MARSHA-C items, there is a 91% probability that they have experienced DA in the past year. Exploratory analyses by demographic subgroups suggest that the predictive validity of the MARSHA-C is approximately equivalent for females and males, younger and older adolescents, Asian, Black, Latinx, Multiracial and White youth, and heterosexual and lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth.

Conclusions
The MARSHA-C can be used to detect DA among 11–21-year-old youth via online surveys for research purposes, or in clinical care settings to facilitate proactive patient counseling or parent-oriented anticipatory guidance.