bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rainfall study based on ARIMA-RBF combined model
Authors: Zhao Jialu , Chen Ruyun , Xin Haiyuan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The traditional differential integrated moving average autoregressive model (ARIMA) has some deviations in the prediction accuracy of monthly rainfall. In this paper, we propose to combine the ARIMA model with the radial basis function neural network (RBF) neural network model to predict the monthly rainfall in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, using the ARIMA-RBF model. Firstly, the ARIMA model is used to predict the monthly rainfall and calculate its residuals, and then the RBF neural network model is used to approximate and compensate the prediction results of the ARIMA model to correct the final prediction results. The results show that the prediction results of the combined model are better than those of the single ARIMA model and the single RBF neural network model with good accuracy.
Finite element Modeling of Magnetic levitation Planar motor Halbach permanent magnet array
Authors: Xu Wenru , Zhang Shengguo , Yang Jiawei , Hou Hao 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Maglev plane motor (MLPM) is a new type of plane motor. It’s main electromagnetic structure is composed of permanent magnet array and coil array. The physical hardware basis of magnetic levitation plane motor (MLPM) is permanent magnet array. The key problem in the design of magnetic levitation plane motor (MLPM) is how to obtain high driving efficiency, reduce harmonic interference, and form a planar permanent magnet array with good expansion and technology. Through research, it is found that Halbach permanent magnet array has this advantage. In this paper, physical simulation software COMSOL is used for finite element modeling of Halbach permanent magnet array, which provides a basis for subsequent parameter optimization.
Determining the curve with the quickest descent under gravitational force alone
Authors: sha Shuo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Various curvatures can be drawn between two different points. However, what curve will yield the fastest descent for an object to travel from the higher point to the lower point under the force of gravity alone? This essay utilizes theoretical methods such as calculus, optimization, and parametric equations and experimental approaches to show that a curve - shaped like a cycloid - will yield the fastest descent. This conclusion has practical applications for the design of roller coaster trajectories along with other entertainment facilities.
Operation optimization analysis of 600 MW steam turbine under new situation
Authors: Liu Jinliang , Zhang Yuanshu , Qi Junfeng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
It is of great significance to study the operation optimization of thermal power units under the new situation and the economic operation under low load. The bearing vibration of a 600 MW thermal power unit has been too large since it was put into operation, and steam distribution optimization and sliding pressure optimization were not carried out since the unit was put into operation. In order to solve the vibration hidden trouble of the unit and explore the energy saving potential, the operation optimization test of the steam turbine is carried out. When the valve sequence is changed from GV1/2-GV4-GV3 to GV2/3-GV1-GV4, the maximum vibration of #2 bearing decreases from 150-170 μm to 50-60 μm, and the maximum vibration of #1 bearing decreases from 90-100 μm to 30-40 μm. After optimization of steam distribution, the regulating characteristics of the unit are improved obviously, and the gap between the equivalent main steam flow feedback and the ideal value of the overall flow characteristics of the sequential valve decreases from 15.20% to less than 1%, and the load and valve of the unit change steadily in the process of switching between single valve and sequential valve. Five load conditions were carried out in the sliding pressure optimization test, and the sliding pressure curves were obtained when the back pressure was 3.35kPa, 4.9kPa and 7.95kPa. After optimized operation, the coal consumption of thermal power unit is reduced by 1.47g/(kW⋅h) on average.
High Precision Manufacturing Technology of Complex Lightweight Integral Panel of Spacecraft
Authors: Liu Shufen , Zhang Bin , Zhang Hengyi , Yi Zhuoxun , Lai Xiaoming , Yang Kai 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
For the problem that the traditional manufacturing method of spacecraft integral panel can not meet the manufacturing precision of the complex lightweight integral panel of the new generation of spacecraft, a method of roll bending in the state of flat plate first and then machining the grid features of the outer surface is proposed. ANSYS is used to simulate and analyze the internal stress when the integral panel with different roll bending radius when fitting with the tooling. It is obtained that it is easier to realize clamping and bonding by controlling the roll bending radius of the integral panel according to the negative difference. The clamping and positioning of the integral panel with vacuum adsorption device and the machining with variable helix angle milling cutter can effectively reduce the machining vibration. Combined with the processing compensation based on detection, the problem of out of tolerance of wall thickness in processing is solved, and finally the consistency of wall thickness is guaranteed. The experimental results show that this method can control the wall thickness of the integral panel within 1.05~1.33mm.
Three-dimensional cell culture approach for in vitro immunization and the production of monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Engel Robert , Micheel Burkhard , Hanack Katja 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The generation of monoclonal antibodies using an in vitro immunization approach is a promising alternative to conventional hybridoma technology. As recently published, the in vitro approach enables an antigen-specific activation of B lymphocytes within 10–12 d followed by immortalization and subsequent selection of hybridomas. This in vitro process can be further improved by using a three-dimensional surrounding to stabilize the complex microenvironment required for a successful immune reaction. In this study, the suitability of Geltrex as a material for the generation of monoclonal antigen-specific antibodies by in vitro immunization was analyzed. We could show that dendritic cells, B cells, and T cells were able to travel through and interact inside of the matrix, leading to the antigen-specific activation of T and B cells. For cell recovery and subsequent hybridoma technique the suitability of dispase and Corning cell recovery solution (CRS) was compared. In our experiments, the use of dispase resulted in a severe alteration of cell surface receptor expression patterns and significantly higher cell death, while we could not detect an adverse effect of Corning CRS. Finally, an easy approach for high-density cell culture was established by printing an alginate ring inside a cell culture vessel. The ring was filled with Geltrex, cells, and medium to ensure a sufficient supply during cultivation. Using this approach, we were able to generate monoclonal hybridomas that produce antigen-specific antibodies against ovalbumin and the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein.
Observational constraint of process crop models suggests higher risks for global maize yield under climate change
Authors: Yin Xiaomeng , Leng Guoyong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Projecting future changes in crop yield usually relies on process-based crop models, but the associated uncertainties (i.e. the range between models) are often high. In this study, a Machine Learning (i.e. Random Forest, RF) based observational constraining approach is proposed for reducing the uncertainties of future maize yield projections by seven process-based crop models. Based on the observationally constrained crop models, future changes in yield average and yield variability for the period 2080–2099 are investigated for the globe and top ten producing countries. Results show that the uncertainties of crop models for projecting future changes in yield average and yield variability can be largely reduced by 62% and 52% by the RF-based constraint, respectively, while only 4% and 16% of uncertainty reduction is achieved by traditional linear regression-based constraint. Compared to the raw simulations of future change in yield average (−5.13 ± 18.19%) and yield variability (−0.24 ± 1.47%), the constrained crop models project a much higher yield loss (−34.58 ± 6.93%) and an increase in yield variability (3.15 ± 0.71%) for the globe. Regionally, the constrained models show the largest increase in yield loss magnitude in Brazil, India and Indonesia. Our results suggest more agricultural risks under climate change than previously expected after observationally constraining crop models. The results obtained in this study point to the importance for observationally constraining process crop models for robust yield projections, and highlight the added value of using Machine Learning for reducing the associated uncertainties.
Comparison of decomposition and adaptation capability of indigenous peat cellulolytic microorganisms
Authors: Hafif B , Sasmita K D , Khaerati  , Wibowo N A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Cellulolytic microorganisms play an essential role in the weathering of lignocellulosic materials. An experiment conducted was to study the potential of indigenous peat cellulolytic microorganisms to decompose peat and adapt to life outside the peat ecosystem. Indigenous cellulolytic bacteria of peat, Comamonas testosteroni, and Delftia lacustris, and indigenous cellulolytic fungi of peat, Penicillium singorense, Aspergillus aculeatus, and Trichoderma sp. were tested their capability for that case. In a greenhouse, each cellulolytic bacteria and fungi colony inoculated to the peat were as treatments and peat without inoculation as control. The study also tested their adaptability to grow in media outside the peat, such as charcoal and zeolite mixed with processed coffee and cacao residue in Lab. The cellulolytic fungi were a little stronger than cellulolytic bacteria in peat decomposition. The fungi reduced the organic C of peat by 13.9%, while the bacteria were only 6.4%. The CO2 flux from peat inoculated by fungi colony, 0.68 mg CO2/kg peat, and by bacteria colony, 0.64 mg CO2/kg peat. Both microbes adapted to the environment outside of peat, especially charcoal and zeolite mixed with coffee and cacao residue. However, cellulolytic bacteria were more robust than cellulolytic fungi if living simultaneously in the same media.
Water, Food, and Energy Nexus in Lampung Province, Indonesia
Authors: Anika N. , Ramadhani D. A. , Wijaya L. , Azizah I. N. , Mahardika M. , Fauzi A. I. , Bindar Y. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Lampung Province’s population growth rate has increased in recent decades. Population growth and mobility increase the need for water, energy, and food (WEF). Hence, maintaining food security, water consumption in the agricultural sector, and energy consumption have all been considered sustainable development. The potential of the three critical sectors can be increased using the nexus approach by taking into account several factors such as availability, accessibility, resource quality to generate positive synergies and effectively manage losses. The Nexus approach enhanced complex systems’ decision-making and responded to system shocks. Furthermore, it was used to identify and eliminate contradictory policies required to achieve integrated and coherent policies that address interconnected resource sectors. WEF Nexus approaches must comprehend how the governed’s trade-off and resource use efficiency affects outcomes in terms of social equity, externalities, and socio-ecological resilience. Based on WEF analysis for Lampung Province, water security is a significant factor for food and energy security, while water availability is in high vulnerability in the dry season due to lack of water resources infrastructure and catchment area degradation.
The Study of Shallot Seedling from TSS (True Shallot Seed) on LCAC (Low-Cost Aeroponic Chamber)
Authors: Amarillis S , Solahudin M , Sucahyo L 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
True Seed Shallot (TSS) is the planting material beside bulbs that farmers in Indonesia have used. TSS give some benefit for farmer technically and economically. However, the farmer’s utilization of TSS is not used widely yet because there are constraints on the provision of shallot seeds from TSS, such as low seed growing percentage and seedling performance. This study aims to obtain the best seedling performance of shallot from TSS with LCAC (Low-Cost Aeroponic Chamber) technology. The experiment was conducted at the Plant Factory and Screen House, Leuwikopo, Department of Mechanical and Biosystems Engineering, IPB University, July to October 2021. The germination was carried out for seven days. After that, the shallot seedlings have given light source treatments. The factor was light sources, i.e., screen house (sunlight; as a control; used wick system hydroponic), white light, red-blue light, and custom light (LED in a controlled room with LCAC). The performance shallot seedling on sunlight source treatment gave the average plant height, the number of leaves higher than white, red-blue, and custom light on 3 and 4 weeks after sowing. The white light treatment gave the chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, and total chlorophyll-a & b higher than the other light source treatments.
Cultivation Technology for Drought Stress Mitigation in Tea Plants: A Review
Authors: Rokhmah D N , Astutik D , Supriadi H 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Tea is one of the beverage crops that has a high-value economy and opportunities to increase its production. The yield and quality of the tea plants are strongly affected by environmental conditions. Global warming is followed by climate change, resulting in changes in rainfall patterns and an increase in air temperature. Changes in rainfall patterns affect drought, namely the occurrence of 3 consecutive dry months. The air temperature has increased over the last 100 years. The air temperature on the earth’s surface has increased by an average of 0.74°C. Shifting climatic conditions as a result of climate change can cause the growth and yield of tea plants to be disrupted. Tea plants can suffer from temporary wilting, chronic wilting, leaves falling off, drying shoots and young branches, and the death of twigs, main branches, and stems as a result of prolonged dryness. Drought caused damage to tea plants, resulting in a 53% decrease in yield. To overcome this, cultivation technology can be used in the following ways: (1) planting tolerant clones; (2) fertilization; (3) mulching and planting shade trees; (3) pruning; and (4) rainwater harvesting and irrigation systems.
The Potential of Sustainable Biogas Production from Macroalgae in Indonesia
Authors: Farobie Obie , Syaftika Novi , Hartulistiyoso Edy , Amrullah Apip , Bayu Asep , Moheimani Navid R , Matsumura Yukihiko , Karnjanakom Surachai 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Indonesia is the second world’s major macroalgae producer after China, contributing to 28% of the global macroalgae production. Indonesia increased its macroalgae farming output from less than 4 million tons in 2010 to over 9.9 million tons in 2019. It is expected to continue rising to 13 million tons by 2024. The contribution of macroalgal products is quite significant, 60.7% of the total national aquaculture production. To achieve sustainable energy development goals in many developing countries, including Indonesia, biomass to energy technology such as the production of biogas form macroalgae has been considered one of the best options. Therefore, we aim to investigate the potential application of biomass to energy technology via the production of biogas from macroalgae as an alternative source of local power generation. Indonesia’s energy mix and several issues regarding macroalgae production are comprehensively reviewed. Additionally, we also discussed the process of macroalgal biogas production.
Performance test of the biomass furnace for bed dryer using various of agriculture wastes
Authors: Putra I R , Safruloh G , Frisdan Z , Karyadi J N W , Purwantana B , Telaumbanua A N , Ayuni D 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Waste from plantation products has the potential to be used as an alternative fuel. Corn drying needs to be done to increase the selling price of the product and shelf life. One of the drying technologies is to use a bed dryer with the heat source coming from a biomass-fueled furnace. This study aims to determine the rate of heat transfer and analyze the efficiency of the furnace. This study was conducted at the Food and Postharvest Engineering Laboratory of FTP UGM as a tool design site, PT. Raja Pengering as a tool fabrication site, and in the Sukolilo Pati area as a tool testing site. The method used is direct testing with two variations of treatment, namely when the furnace is without a load and when the furnace is with a load. Variations of biomass fuel were carried out with teak wood, corn cobs, and rice husks of 10 kg each with one replication during the no-load furnace test. The main equipment used is a furnace with a vertical tube bank-type heat exchanger and an axial blower. The test results show the value of the heat transfer coefficient when the furnace is without a load of 142.59 W/m2.K, when the furnace is with a load of 138.74 W/m2.K. The coefficient of the furnace with the load is smaller because there is a load on the bed dryer so that the speed of air flowing in the tube bank is restrained. The heat transfer rates with wood, cob, and husk fuel are 22.5; 22; and 4.7 kW, respectively. The total energy of the furnace during combustion using wood, cob, and husk fuels were 83484.7; 33718.37; and 16125 kJ, respectively. The efficiency obtained with wood, cob, and husk fuels was 44.17; 32.67; and 11.65 %, respectively. The husks do not match the furnace design. The performance of the furnace with a load is that the average exit temperature of the furnace is 67.69°C with an efficiency of 68.87 %. Based on the results, the appropriate fuel is wood because it has a high calorific value so which produces an optimum temperature.
Assessment of potential for adoption of wireless sensor network technology for irrigation water management of high value crops in the Philippines
Authors: Panaligan N A P , Aringo M Q , Ella V B 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study assessed the potential for adoption of wireless sensor technology (WSN) technology for irrigation water management of high value crops in the Philippines through market survey with farm owners and farm managers as respondents. Surveys were conducted in various regions in the country using non-random sampling methods. The survey basically includes questions about farm information, problems related to water management, familiarity with WSN, and willingness to adopt, among others. Based on the results, 83% of the respondents expressed willingness to adopt the WSN technology if properly demonstrated and if it will give a high return on investment. On the other hand, 76% of the respondents are willing to adopt WSN regardless of the costs provided there is a high return on investment. However, only a little more than half of the respondents are willing to adopt the WSN technology for the sake of modernization. Results also showed a strong potential for adoption of WSN technology using locally-developed sensors with 81% of the respondents providing affirmative answers. Chi-square test results indicated that sex, gross annual household income, membership to farmer’s association, land tenure status, and familiarity with WSN technology are the primary determinants of the potential for adoption regardless of the conditions imposed. However, educational attainment also played a role in the adoption of WSN technology if the purpose is agricultural modernization and if there is a higher return on investment despite some budgetary allocation for the initial costs. Results of this study could serve as a basis for developing commercialization schemes, strategies for upscaling and for agricultural policy formulation.
Development of mobile application for wireless sensor networks for efficient irrigation water management
Authors: Agulto E S , Ella V B 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The evolution of smart phones has necessitated the development of mobile applications designed to perform a wide variety of functions. In the field of agriculture, mobile applications are currently used to monitor environmental parameters such as ambient temperature, humidity, soil moisture, water level, among others. A mobile application intended to monitor irrigation-related parameters and to control solenoid valves for irrigation automation was developed in this study. The mobile application was written using Flutter software development kit, and the Dart programming language. The mobile application communicates with the cloud server using a REST API written in JavaScript. The data acquired from the cloud server are presented as the current sensor reading and graphs. On the other hand, the mobile application controls the solenoid valves by sending designated bytes of data to the cloud server. The mobile application developed in this study was designed to be integrated with both low-cost sensors and the Smartmesh IP sensors to enable real-time monitoring and data visualization, and facilitate irrigation scheduling and manual irrigation control. The mobile application developed in this study may be used for efficient irrigation water management of upland crop production systems and for agricultural modernization in the Philippines and other developing countries.
Performance of structure-from-motion approach on plant phenotyping using images from smartphone
Authors: Chong J E , Harith H H 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In recent years, 3D geometry has become increasingly important for plant phenotyping. The purpose of this study is to assess the measuring accuracy of a photogrammetric method based on SfM-MVS using a series of images captured by smartphone. Butterhead lettuce and the rubber plant were the two different plants used in this study. For each single plant, the images were captured from multiple views. A photogrammetry software took image input and converted them into 3D point cloud. Finally, the plant height was computed from the point cloud. Comparing the computed values to the actual values, the RMSE of the plant height was 0.28 and 0.43 for butterhead lettuce and the rubber plant, respectively. A correlation of R2 ≥ 0.94 to the reference measurement demonstrated that the photogrammetric approach is well suited for evaluation of the plant. The proposed method is simple and cost-effective by using a readily accessible device and software to reconstruct a point cloud model.