bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EU Corporate Governance
Authors: Sergakis Konstantinos 
Published: August 2022

EU Corporate Governance: The Ongoing Challenges of the ‘Institutional Investor Activism’ Conundrum
Institutional investor activism seems to be the ultimate means for steady improvement in corporate governance standards, as well as a powerful tool for refocusing short-term strategies towards more sustainable and viable business projects. Although EU institutions have endeavoured over the past decade to facilitate the exercise of a wide range of shareholder rights, the impact of such regulatory initiatives remains to be seen. This paper challenges the current EU regulatory approach by supporting the idea that, while it has touched upon important topics, such as companies or financial intermediaries, hoping that the investor community will make full use of its discretion and evaluation of these actors, it has avoided resolving another crucial issue, namely, that of investor behaviour. In fact, institutional investors have been partially accused of apathy and contributing indirectly to the EU capital markets crisis. EU law thus needs to find new ways to nurture and maintain an effective willingness to engage in long-term dialogue with companies. It is therefore crucial to reassess all EU initiatives and critically challenge their efficiency in order to propose a way forward to unblock institutional investor activism and establish a veritable alignment of objectives with corporate managers.
Electrochromic property of tungsten trioxide films prepared by DC magnetron sputtering with oblique angle deposition and thermal oxidation
Authors: AIEMPANAKIT Chantana , CHANACHAI Areeya , KANCHAI Nattaya , AIEMPANAKI Montri , AIEMPANAKIT Kamon 
Published: August 2022

In this work, WO3 thin films were prepared in two steps: First, tungsten (W) films with thickness of 100-300 nm were deposited by DC magnetron sputtering with oblique angle deposition (OAD) technique at 0 and 85. Second, sputtered W films were annealed under air atmosphere at a temperature of 500℃ and different oxidation times for 1-3 h. The structure of WO3 thin films were examined by X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscope. In addition, the optical and electrochromic properties of the WO3 thin films were measured by a spectrophotometer before and after testing in potassium hydroxide electrolytes. The results showed that the OAD technique can enhance porosity and exert high oxidation in W films. The increase in film thickness and oxidation time indicated that the crystallinity of WO3 films increased. The condition of WO3 films for OAD at 85, thickness of 300 nm, and oxidation time of 1 h showed the best electrochromic property with the highest optical modulation and current density.
FIGURE OF SPEECH IN ENGLISH CHILDREN SONG LYRICS
Authors: Meriska Yosiana  
Published: August 2022

Figure of speech or Figurative language, which is usually used in poem, prose, song lyrics and other literary works is interesting because it has implied meaning behind the words. The researcher chooses this topic because it is very unique and tricky to know the meaning not only literally, but also non-literally. This research has two aims, they are to find out the figure of speech found in English Children Song Lyrics and to find out the most dominant the figure of speech found in English Children Song Lyrics. This research was conducted by using descriptive qualitative method. In this research, the descriptive qualitative method was used to analyze figures of speech in English Children Song Lyrics. The sources of data in this research were taken from the lyrics of English Children songs. The results of this research are from the 10 English children song lyrics, there are 23 figures of speech which are found in the English children song lyrics. The figures of speech that are found are similes (3 data), metaphors (4 data), personification (9 data), symbols (2 data), and hyperbole (5 data). The most dominant figure of speech found in the English Children Song Lyrics is personification.
Consumer Complaints and their Disposal with Reference to Consumer Protection Act: A Study of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Bharatwal Sunita , Seth Apoorva Kumar 
Published: August 2022

A consumer is a person who utilizes economic goods. The moment a person is born he/she consumes, i.e. uses available goods or services. Under section 2d of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986, A "Consumer” means a person who-[hires or avails of] any services for a consideration which has been paid or promised or partly paid and partly promised, or under any system of deferred payment and includes any beneficiary of such services other than the person who [hires or avails of] the services for consideration paid or promised, or partly paid and partly promised, or under any system of deferred payment, when such services are availed of with the approval of the first mentioned person[but does not include a person who avails of such services for any commercial purpose]
Competitive Advantage of Intel In the Segment of Microprocessor
Authors: Vargas-Hernández José G. , Rodríguez Gutiérrez Lic. Laura Melina 
Published: August 2022

The present work has the objective of analyzing how the company Intel Corporation has developed worldwide and what is its competitive advantage with respect to competitors in the market. The analysis will be made from an industry-based point of view, identifying the five forces of Michael Porter, which provides an assessment of the strengths of external factors to the company in order to define strategies against threats. What is Intel's competitive advantage given its current dominance in the personal computer segment in the face of technological changes and new segments of the semiconductor industry? The hypothesis: Intel has a competitive advantage over production volume, alliances with PC manufacturers, own factories (Fabs) for the production of processors, which allows it to enter with greater ease the new technology segments, and as a goal: to analyze Intel's competitive advantage through Porter's five forces.
Production Planning and Operational Efficiency in the Food and Beverage Industry in Nigeria
Authors: Akhigbe Emanuel Aziegbe , Worlu, G.O. Worlu, G.O. 
Published: August 2022

This study empirically tested the relationship between production planning in terms of manpower planning and material planning and operational efficiency of food and beverage industry in Rivers sate, Nigeria. It attempts to provide answer to the relationship between production planning and operational efficiency. Fifteen (15) firms were purposively selected from the food and beverage industry in Port Harcourt. Using the Spearman Rank Order Correlation Coefficient, we analyzed the data collected from the human resource manager, production manager and financial manager of the 15 selected food and beverage firms in Port Harcourt. We found that a positive significant relationship exists between production planning and operational efficiency and that organizational age moderate the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Based on the findings, we recommended that all food and beverage firm should with seriousness embark on proper planning of production activities irrespective of the age of the organization among others.
Workplace Bargaining in Small & Medium Enterprises in India: Trends & Practices
Authors: Mishra Abhishek 
Published: August 2022

The present paper attempts to explore and describe the existent workplace bargaining practices in Indian SMEs. Small & Medium Enterprises, which have been acclimatised as engines of growth and development in developing economies (Fashoyin, 2006) are governed by informal nature and erratic employment relations practices. Workplace bargaining, especially collective bargaining is observed to be very weak or non-existent due in SMEs (Edwards, Collinson, &Rocca, 1995). Ascertaining qualitative research method like Focus Group Meeting (FGM) the paper intends to highlight the existent trends and practices concerning workplace bargaining in selected Indian SMEs. The findings highlight how the decline in traditional forms of 'collective strengths' as propagated by Marxism is adding more strength and power to the might of the employers. This trend also indicates the shift towards individualistic approach which violates the very notion of democratic participation at workplace resulting in the dying down of the employee voices. The study very specifically highlights the emerging aspects of employment relations in selected SMEs in India.
Arising Trends in Student Commitment in the Contemporary World
Authors: Sharma Vikram 
Published: August 2022

Understudy commitment in advanced education is turning into a main concern however testing plan thing in the 21st century of higher instructive establishments. The computerized locals in our classes are not any more like understudies 20 years prior. While significant educational programs changes of this time center around giving understudies abilities of learning new and inventive aptitudes and information for powerful living in the 21st century of quick innovative upheaval, teachers are defied with the test of drawing in understudies for successful figuring out how to accomplish this objective. Scholastics and executives have started to handle and reevaluate of how to improve the commitment of understudies in this period of innovation where understudies are snared to sending and accepting messages, tweeting, goggling, visiting and doing numerous different things while address is going on. This circumstance is exposing instructors to new and various weights of how to keep students zeroed in on the home room exercises and remain associated with the talk. In this way, the 21st century educational program and educating requires a change in outlook in the brains of educational program engineers, educators and a move in the manners in which that guidance is conveyed to keep understudies drew in to advance students cooperation in the learning and instructing measures. Accordingly, this paper is to investigate rising educational program patterns which have critical ramifications on how instructors should educate, what sort of educational plan and training system ought to be set up to connect with understudies so viable instructing and learning happen.
HEPATO-PATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE REHABILITATIVE POTENTIALS OF JAMBUL (Syzygium cumini) PLANT EXTRACT IN LEAD INTOXICATED MICE
Authors: INAYAT IRAM , AHMAD KHAWAJA RAEES , BATOOL ATTIA , RAEES KAUSAR , KANWAL MUHAMMAD ALI , AHMAD SYEDA NADIA , ALI RABIYAH , YOUNIS ASMA , NASIR MEHWISH , KANWAL UROOJ , MATLOOB SAIMA , KANWAL NAILA , KAMRAN MUHAMMAD ATIF 
Published: August 2022

The ameliorative prospective of Jambul (Syzygium cumini) fruit pulp extract was studied against Pb-based hepato-histological and micrometric changes in albino laboratory mice (Mus musculus). There were 3 experimental groups: (i) Control group (untreated) (ii) Pb group (15 days 50ppm Pb ions from Lead acetate in drinking water (iii) Pb+Jm group (Pb ions treatment as in Pb group followed by 0.2ml/per day jambul fruit pulp extract through gavage and plain water for the next 5 days). Animals were euthanized on the 21st day to recover liver for histopathological and micrometric studies.
The misalignment of the hepatic cord with narrowed and chocked sinusoidal spaces and some lesions in hepatic tissue were seen as persistent histopathological signs of lead exposure. Micrometric observations indicate that the mean cross-sectional area of the hepatocytes in the Pb group (483.5µ2) increased significantly than the control group (420.1µ2), similarly, the mean cross-sectional area of the hepatocytes nuclei in the Pb group was also significantly higher (76.69µ2) than the control (62.37µ2). These pathological and micrometric signs were convincingly reversed in Pb+Jm, additionally, hepatoblasts progenitor cells were frequently observed, indicating the rehabilitative and regenerative potential of jambul fruit pulp extract. Results indicate that jambul fruit pulp extract possesses precious hepato-protective and regenerative potentials against lead exposure-related hepato-histopathology. The findings of the present study indicate the nutraceutical role of jambul fruit pulp extract for potential human consumption.
Noah’s Boat and Other Missed Opportunities
Authors: Stewart Devin 
Published: August 2022

This essay addresses the ways in which several of the most popular English translations of the Qurʾān treat cases in which the text draws on key biblical concepts and vocabulary. It suggests that when determining how such passages ought to be translated, one must take into account not only the meaning that fits the passage generally but also the extent to which the text reflects an intention to invoke, modify, alter, or ignore biblical precedent. In a number of cases, it is argued, many English translations adopt an anti-biblicizing translation, often a literal rendition, such as reference to the “ship” of Noah, that obscures the connection of the qurʾānic passage with biblical tradition. The adoption of a biblicizing translation, such as referring to Noah’s “ark” instead, would in many cases render tangible a connection with biblical texts that was originally intended.
Effect of Seed Sowing Time and Nutrients on the Growth and Yield of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)
Authors: Siddika Most. Jakia , Khatun Khaleda , Mostarin Tahmina , Sarkar Md. Imran , Alam Md. Murshedul , Ferdousi Aysha Jannatul , Hasan Md. Jahid , Afroz Sumiya 
Published: August 2022

In order to investigate the influence of seed sowing time and nutrients on the growth and yield of fennel, an experiment based on Randomized Complete Block Design with twelve treatments and three replications at the Horticulture Farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka during October, 2019 to July, 2020 season was carried out. Fennel variety ‘BARI Mouri-1’ was used as planting material in this study. The experiment consisted of two factors: Factors-A: Sowing time (4 levels): S1 = First week of November, S2 = Last week of November, S3 = First week of December and S4 = Last week of December; Factors-B: Nutrients (4 levels): T0 = Control, T1 = Vermicompost (2.50 t ha-1), T2 = NPK (N80P50K60 kg ha-1) and T3 = Vermicompost (2.50 t ha-1) + NPK (N80P50K60 kg ha-1). The result revealed that in case of seed sowing time S2 (Last week of November) and in case of different level of nutrients T3 [Vermicompost (2.50 t ha⁻¹) + NPK (N80P50K60 kg ha⁻¹)] treatment exhibited its superiority to other treatments in terms of plant height, number of leaves , number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, number of umbel per plant, number of umbellet per umbel, no. of days to first flowering, seed weight per umbel, weight of 1000-seeds and seed weight per ha. Significantly the highest seed yield (2.34t ha⁻¹) was found in S2T3 [(Last week of November with Vermicompost (2.50 t ha⁻¹) + NPK (N80P50K60 kg ha⁻¹)] interaction due to the tallest plant at harvest (117.59 cm), number of leaves (15.07), number of primary branches (7.62), number of secondary branches (20.18), minimum days to first flower (82.60), maximum number of umbellet umbel⁻¹ (27.72), number of umbel plant⁻¹ (26.75), maximum weight of 1000-seeds (6.38 g), maximum seed weight umbel⁻¹ (2.09 g).
Biochemical Impact Inflicted by Aphid Induced Urdbean Leaf Crinkle Disease (ULCD) Infection on Different Blackgram Genotypes
Authors: Bala Khaviya , Shanthi M. , Murugan M. , Srinivasan G. , Kalpana K. , Mini M. L. 
Published: August 2022

Aims: To investigate the variations in total protein content and anti-oxidative enzymes in blackgram genotypes showing various levels of resistance against aphid-mediated Urdbean leaf crinkle disease (ULCD).
Study Design: Completely Randomized Design.
Place and Duration of Study: The studies were carried out at the Insectary belonging to the Department of Agricultural Entomology and the Centre of Innovation at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India in January 2021.
Methodology: The research was conducted on seven blackgram genotypes exhibiting different levels of resistance to ULCD. A pot culture study was established and the test plants were subjected for inoculation of urdbean leaf crinkle virus (ULCV) via feeding by 10 viruliferous Aphis craccivora adults/plant. The alterations in the total protein content, superdioxide mutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (PO) activity was estimated using spectrophotometric methods in comparison to healthy genotypes on 0, 15 and 30 days after inoculation (DAI).
Results: No discernible increase in the levels of protein content was seen in either of ULCV inoculated or un-inoculated genotypes on the day of the inoculation. At post inoculation, leaf protein content of ULCV highly susceptible genotypes (VBN 8 and T9) was only marginally higher than that of resistant genotypes (CO 5 and CO 6), whereas in moderately resistant genotype (APK 1) it had only slightly increased. The SOD activity showed only a non-significant drop between inoculated versus un-inoculated plant leaves in highly susceptible VBN 8 and T9 genotypes. At 15 and 30 days post inoculation, a significantly less SOD activity was observed, but PO inversely increased compared to the latter under ULCV inoculated versus un-inoculated conditions in ULCV resistant CO 5 and CO 6 genotypes. While the susceptible ADT 5 and ADT 6 and highly susceptible VBN 8 and T9 genotypes did not show any significant increase in PO levels between inoculated versus un-inoculated conditions. Interestingly, ULCV inoculation considerably decreased the reduced CAT activity both in resistant and susceptible genotypes, when compared to the un-inoculated healthy ones.
Conclusion: Fluctuations in the levels of antioxidant enzymes as well as the total protein content was significant only at 15 Days post inoculation. The ULCV infection tends to increase the total protein content in inoculated plants compared to un-inoculated plants. The aphid transmission of ULCV infection in different blackgram genotypes inflicted considerable increase in PO while decrease in SOD and CAT activities in resistant CO 5 and CO 6 genotypes.
Isolation, Screening and Identification of Herbicidal Actinomycetes from Rhizosphere Soils
Authors: Nivashini R. Sanju , Gomathi V. , Maryi J. Kavitha 
Published: August 2022

Aim: Current study investigates the activity of rhizosphere microflora against common weeds of Coccinia grandis. Soil actinomycetes known for their potential antimicrobial and other secondary metabolites were taken for the study.
Study Design: CRD.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), between November to December 2021.
Methodology: Actinomycetes were isolated from rhizosphere soils collected from the western zone of Tamil Nadu (Ooty, Western Ghats, Tirupur, Erode and Coimbatore) using different media (KKA, SCA, HV & LMSA). Their morphological characterization was done by following standard protocol. The isolates were screened based on their herbicidal activity against Trianthema portulacastrum. In vitro seed germination assay (pre-emergence) was followed to identify potential actinomycetes.
Results: Thirty actinomycetes isolates were obtained from different locations in Tamil Nadu using four different media and their morphological characterization was done. Most of them are creamy white, grey, white and some of them were producing pigments. All the isolates showed positive for Gram’s reaction.
Conclusion: Six efficient isolates were identified in the preliminary screening of weed seed germination. Further, the isolates will be studied at the field level.
Effect of Soil Application and Foliar Spray of Sulphur Nutrition on Growth and Yield of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)
Authors: Selvi G. Asha , Tamilselvan N. , Avudaithai S. , Nithila S. 
Published: August 2022

Aim: To study the effect of soil application and foliar spray of sulphur nutrient application in growth and development of black gram cultivation.
Study Design: The Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) was used. The treatments of soil application of sulphur viz., No basal, Gypsum @ 25 kg ha-1, SOB @ 2 kg ha-1 as basal and foliar spray viz., No spray, pulse wonder @ 5 kg ha-1on 30 DAS, K2SO4 @ 1% on 45 DAS, pulse wonder @ 5 kg ha-1 on 30 DAS + K2SO4 @ 1% on 45 DAS were used.
Place and Duration of Study: This research trail was conducted during the Winter season (February – May) of 2022 at ICAR - Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sirugamani, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India.
Methodology: The study consisted of 12 combination of treatments in FRBD which was replicated thrice. The black gram (Var. Vamban 8) was used for this study. The observations were recorded during the different phases of growth at regular intervals.
Results: The experimental results revealed that the interaction effect of application of gypsum as basal along with foliar spray of pulse wonder + K2SO4 found to be superior and recorded significantly higher growth, yield and quality parameters viz., plant height, number of branches plant-1, dry matter accumulation, SPAD value at 20 DAS, 40 DAS and 60 DAS number of pods plant-1, number of seed pod-1, pod length, pod weight and sulphur content in seed. Gypsum as basal application along with foliar spray of pulse wonder + K2SO4 proved to be the best and increased the grain yield of 30% over the no basal application and no foliar spray. Thus application of gypsum @ 25 kg ha-1 as basal and foliar spray of pulse wonder @ 5 kg ha-1 on 30 DAS + K2SO4 @ 1% on 45 DAS could be recommended for improving the productivity of black gram.