bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of non-medical prescribers on antimicrobial stewardship: a national evaluation of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prescribing of antibiotics by non-medical prescribers in England in 2020 (part 2)
Authors: Brett Elizabeth Ann , Palmer Marion 
Published: November 2022

Background Part one of this study identified that prescribing behaviours during 2020 differed significantly from 2016-2021. Part 2, presented here, covers a more detailed analysis of the impact of the early part of the COVID-19 pandemic is presented here. Aims To describe patterns in community prescribed and dispensed antibiotic volumes attributable to non-medical prescribers during 2020 compared to the previous 4 years and identify any changes of behaviour during this period and their impact on antimicrobial stewardship. Methods An analysis of retrospective non-medical prescribers' prescribing data was performed to determine the numbers of independent non-medical prescribers and the patterns of prescribed community dispensed antibiotic volumes between 2016-2021. The 2020 data were then compared to the data from previous years. Findings The total amount of dispensed non-medical prescribers antibiotic prescription items per 100000 population dropped by 12% in 2020 compared to 2019, driven predominantly by reductions in nurse prescribing. However, high-risk antibiotic prescribing rose from 5.3% of antibiotics prescribed in 2019 to 6.4% in 2020. Seasonal patterns of antibiotic prescribing differed in 2020, with significant reductions in prescribing of antibiotics normally associated with treating LRTI from the first lockdown in March 2020. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic forced rapid changes in practice, including increased remote working, which created a challenging prescribing environment that adversely affected the high-risk antibiotic prescribing behaviour of non-medical prescribers more than it affected their medical colleagues. There were unusually low levels of prescribing for respiratory tract infections over the last quarter of 2020 which, although likely multifactorial, may indicate over-prescribing for self-limiting viral infections in previous years. More research is needed to establish ongoing prescribing trends and patient outcomes, and how antimicrobial stewardship programmes and training can be better targeted to support prescribers to address quality and safety issues arising from changing modes of practice.
How stress-related factors affect mental wellbeing of university students A cross-sectional study to explore the associations between stressors, perceived stress, and mental wellbeing
Authors: Slimmen Sybren , Timmermans Olaf , Mikolajczak-Degrauwe Kalina , Oenema Anke 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundLowered mental wellbeing of students is a growing health and societal problem. Experiencing high levels of stress for a longer period of time has been associated with an increased risk for lower mental wellbeing and mental health problems. To reduce stress and improve mental wellbeing it is important to understand how various sources of stress are related with mental wellbeing and which factors can buffer the impact of stress on mental wellbeing.ObjectivesDeriving from a conceptual model the aim of the study was to explore 1) the association of underlying stressors (academic pressure, family circumstances, side-activity pressure, and financial situation) with perceived stress and mental wellbeing, 2) whether perceived stress mediates the association between the sources of stress and mental wellbeing and 3) whether loneliness, self-esteem, personality and coping styles buffer or reinforce the impact of perceived stress on mental wellbeing.MethodA cross-sectional survey design was used among students of an University of Applied Sciences and conducted between November 16, 2020, and January 18, 2021. Study variables were mental wellbeing, perceived stress, academic pressure, financial pressure, family pressure and side-activity pressure, coping style, self-esteem, loneliness, personality. The questionnaire was constructed using validated measures. Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between perceived stress, sources of stress and mental wellbeing. Mediation and moderation processes were explored using Hayes PROCESS models.ResultsA total of 875 university students (37,2% male, 62,3% female, mean age 21,6) participated. Perceived stress had a strong negative association with mental wellbeing (unstandardized regression coefficient (b)= -.848,p< .001;r =-.667,p< .01), explaining 45% of the variance. Academic pressure (b= -8.014,p< .01), family pressure (b= -3.189,p< .01), side-activity pressure (b= -3.032,p< .01) and financial pressure (b= -2.041,p< .01) all had a negative impact on mental wellbeing. This effect was mediated by perceived stress, but a direct effect remained for academic pressure (b= -3.306,p< .01) and family pressure (b= -1.130,p< .01). Significant interaction effects between perceived stress and mental wellbeing were found for approach coping (low = -.93,p< .01; high = -.64,p< .01) and emotional stability (low = -.81,p< .01; high = -.64,p< .01).ConclusionPerceived stress has a major impact on students’ mental wellbeing. Underlying stressors were mediated by perceived stress, but direct effects were also found. To protect the mental wellbeing of students, it is urgent to reduce perceived stress, suppress underlying stressors and make students more resilient through the development of found buffers, such as approach coping.
Kejadian Stunting pada Balita Terpajan Pestisida di Daerah Pertanian
Authors: Purba Imelda Gernauli , Sunarsih Elvi , Yuliarti Yuliarti 
Published: November 2022

Latar belakang: Pestisida memiliki sifat Thyroid Disrupting Chemical yang dapat mengganggu struktur dan fungsi kelenjar Tyroid yang berdampak pada terjadinya hipotiroidisme, sehingga terjadi gangguan reproduksi pada wanita usia subur. Gangguan reproduksi pada wanita usia subur berakibat buruk pada janin yang dilahirkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hubungan pajanan pestisida dengan kejadian stunting pada balita di daerah pertanian.Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel sebanyak 136 orang ibu balita terpajan pestisida di Kecamatan Sekayu Desa Lumpaatan 1 dan Desa Lumpatan 2 yang diambil secara cluster sampling. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner dan observasi menggunakan checklist. Pengolahan dan analisis data dilakukan dengan bantuan software, data dianalisis dengan uji statistik Chi-Square.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pajanan pestisida pada ibu balita yang meliputi menyiapkan pestisida, menyemprot, menyiangi tanaman, memanen, frekuensi menyiapkan pestisida, frekuensi menyemprot, frekuensi menyiangi tanaman, frekuensi memanen dengan kejadian stunting pada balita. Pajanan pestisida pada balita juga tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan dengan kejadian stunting.Simpulan: Disimpulkan bahwa pajanan pestisida baik pada ibu balita maupun pada balita tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan. ABSTRACTTitle : Incidence of Stunting in Toddlers Exposed to Pesticides in Agricultural AreasBackground : Pesticides are Thyroid Disrupting Chemical that can disrupt the structure and function of the thyroid gland, which results in hypothyroidism, resulting in reproductive disorders at childbearing age. Reproductive disorders in women of childbearing age have a negative effect on the fetus being born. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between pesticide exposure and the incidence of stunting in children under five in agricultural areasMethod : Design of research was analytic with a cross sectional approach. A sample of 136 toddler mother who were exposed to pesticides in Sekayu Subdistrict, Lumpaatan 1 and Lumpatan 2 were taken by cluster sampling. Collecting data through interviews using a questionnaire and observation using a checklist. Data processing and analysis was carried out with software, the data were analyzed by Chi-Square statistical test.Result : The results showed that there was no significant relationship between pesticide exposure to mothers of toddlers who prepared pesticides, sprayed, weeded plants, harvested, frequency of pesticide preparation, frequency of spraying, frequency of weeding plants, frequency of harvesting and stunting in toddlers. Pesticide exposure to toddler also did not show a significant relationship with the incidence of stunting.Conclusion : It was concluded that pesticide exposure both to mothers of toddler and to toddler did not show a significant relationship.
Analisis Ketersediaan Sarana Sanitasi dengan Tingkat Kenyamanan Pengunjung di Tempat Wisata
Authors: Yuantari Maria Goretti Catur , Andrean Yudia Ardi 
Published: November 2022

Latar belakang: Ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana pariwisata yang layak akan menjadi daya tarik tersendiri bagi para pengunjung lokal maupun mancanegara di tempat wisata. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hubungan antara ketersediaan sarana sanitasi terhadap tingkat kenyamanan pengunjung di tempat wisata.Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah pengunjung Kota Lama Semarang, yang diambil dengan teknik sampling kuota didapat sebanyak 100 Jumlah responden. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di tempat wisata Kota Lama Semarang pada bulan Februari-April 2020. Analisis statistik bivariat menggunakan uji Rank Spearman.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara ketersediaan sarana sanitasi dengan tingkat kenyamanan pengunjung dengan kekuatan hubungan kuat (nilai p-Value<0,022 dan nilai koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,742).Simpulan: Semakin baik ketersediaan sarana sanitasi maka semakin meningkat pula kenyamanan pengunjung. Fasilitas sanitasi seperti tempat sampah, lampu penerangan, rambu petunjuk, toilet dan tempat parkir sudah tersedia. Namun, ketersediaan tempat parkir di Kota Lama perlu ditata kembali dengan tidak menggunakan tempat pejalan kaki sebagai tempat parkir. ABSTRACT Background: Proper tourism facilities and infrastructure will be the main attraction for local and foreign visitors at tourist attractions. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the availability of sanitation facilities and visitors' comfort level at tourist attractions.Method: This type of research is analytic observational with a cross-sectional design. The population in this study were visitors to the Kota Lama Semarang, which were taken using a quota sampling technique of 100 respondents. This research was carried out at the Kota Lama Semarang tourist spot in February-April 2020. Bivariate statistical analysis used the Spearman Rank test.Result: The results showed a relationship between the availability of sanitation facilities and comfort level, and the strength of the relationship was strong (p-Value <0.022 and correlation coefficient value of 0.742).Conclusion: The better the availability of sanitation facilities, the more comfortable the visitors will be. Sanitation facilities such as trash cans, lighting, signposts, toilets, and parking lots are available. However, the availability of parking spaces in Kota Lama needs to be reorganized by not using pedestrian areas as parking spaces.
The Norms on Cross-Border Data Flows in the RCEP
Authors: Huang Gui , Lei Yin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Cross-border data flows is a crucial factor in digital economy. Article 12.14 (2) and Article 12.15 (2) in RCEP stipulate the prohibitive norms on data localization, aiming to ensure the data is transferred freely. Except some other clauses indirectly stipulate some circumstances for excluding the use of the prohibitive norms, Article 12.14 (3) and Article 12.15 (3) directly stipulate the exception clauses of data localization, i.e., the clause of legitimate public policy, horizontal provisions, and clause of the essential security interests. The WTO case-laws show that the aforesaid concepts should be interpreted by the Parties according to their own reality. The norms on “anti-discrimination” and “anti-disguised restriction” are to prevent the “clause of legitimate public policy” from being abused. To understand these norms, we need to evaluate the substantive purposes of the concrete measures launched by the states, and then clarify the relations between aforesaid purposes and the legitimate public policy objective.
Novel bridged polysilsesquioxane aerogels with great mechanical properties and hydrophobicity
Authors: Qiao Zhiyao , Liu Xiaotian , Heng Kejie , Huang Farong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Two novel bridged silsesquioxane (BSQ) precursors, 1,4-bis(trimethoxysilylpropylthioethenylphenoxy)benzene and 1,3-bis(trimethoxysilylpropylthioethenyl)benzene, were synthesized from arylacetylenes and 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane through the thiol-yne click reaction. Then, bridged polysilsesquioxane aerogels were prepared from BSQ precursors alone or together with tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) as a co-precursor through the sol–gel method. The resulted aerogels were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, mercury intrusion porosimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, transient hot-wire method, and water contact angle tests. Their mechanical properties were evaluated by unidirectional compression tests. The properties of the aerogels are strongly affected by precursor content, mass ratio of BSQ to TMOS, and the structures of BSQ. The obtained aerogels do not break even when compressive strain is up to 55% and show high compressive modulus (≥2.46 MPa) and hydrophobicity (water contact angle ≥130°).
A “Spurinas Group” Bowl in the Getty Collection
Authors: Wallace Rex E. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A terracotta bowl in the collection of antiquities in the J. Paul Getty Museum is the latest entry to an assemblage of Etruscan ceramics known as the “Spurinas Group.” The interior of the bowl was painted with the name calprnies, the earliest known reference to a family whose Roman branch includes several distinguished members. The paper reports on the dipinto’s paleography, the morphology, and derivational history of the Etruscan name calprnies, and its connection to its Latin counterpart, Calpurnius.
Computational mimicking of surgical leaflet suturing for virtual aortic valve neocuspidization
Authors: Liogky Alexey A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The aortic valve neocuspidization (AVNeo) procedure requires the design of patient-specific neo-cusps which can be made numerically through the neovalve closure modelling. Prior the simulation, it is required to ‘suture virtually’ the neocusps into the patient’s aortic geometry, i.e., to find such state in which the neocusps are placed in the aortic root lumen without intersections of physical surfaces and neo-valve prolapse, and the position of the suture boundary satisfies the boundary conditions. To solve this problem, we tried to mimic neocusps suturing in Ozaki’s operation. As a result, we propose a new algorithm for ‘virtual suturing’ of given neocusps, considered as thin shells. The approach is able to work with both small and large (compared to an optimal size) neocusps and to handle each cusp independently of the others.
Mechanical and corrosion resistance analysis of laser cladding layer
Authors: Cui Yinghao , Xie Cong , Liu Jialin , Guo Shirui , Cui Lujun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
To improve the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the hydraulic column in the mine, a semiconductor fiber-coupled laser was used to laser-clad iron-based alloy powder on a 27SiMn steel substrate (SUB). The microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of the obtained cladding layer (CL) were studied based on experiments. Results show that equiaxed grains at the top of the CL are fine and tightly arranged. Compared with the SUB, the CL average microhardness is increased by 0.3 times, the average friction coefficient is decreased by 0.12, and the wear amount is significantly reduced. The bonding strength between the CL and the SUB is good, and the tensile strength is increased by 10.82%. Compared with the SUB, the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the CL are better. The research has an important guiding significance for the practice of hydraulic column repair and strengthening engineering.
Orthoamide und Iminiumsalze, CVIIa. 4-Sulfonylierte- und 4-phosphorylierte sowie 4-isocyansubstituierte-1,1-Bis(dimethylamino)-1,3-butadiene aus Sulfonen, (Alkyl)phosphonsäureestern sowie Isocyanessigsäureester und Orthoamid-Derivaten von Alkincarbonsäuren
Authors: Kantlehner Willi , Vettel Markus , Lehmann Hansjörg , Frey Wolfgang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Ethoxycarbonyl-triphenylphosphonium bromide reacts with orthoamides of alkynecarboxylic acids 14 to give vinylogous guanidinium bromides, which were transformed to the corresponding tetraphenylborates. In contrast, from CH2-acidic phosphonicesters and orthoamides 14 phosphorylated 1,1-diamino-butadienes can be obtained. Two of these products rearrange to 5-dimethylamino-4-diet-hylphosphono-2,4-hexadienic acid amides upon heating. Reaction of phenylsulfonylated carboxylic acids and alkylketones with orthoamides 14 proceeds under condensation affording 4-phenylsulfonyl-1,1-diamino-1,3-butadienes. Accordingly, the condensation reactions between the orthoamides 14 and isocyanoacetic acid ester deliver 2-isocyano-5,5-bis(dimethylamino)-2,4-pentadienic acid esters. In one of these reactions 5,6-diamino-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid ester is obtained as a by-product. Some of the ketene aminals exist as equilibrium mixtures of stereoisomers, which is a consequence of s-cis and s-trans isomerism of the butadiene unit.
Cold‐induced calreticulin OsCRT3 conformational changes promote OsCIPK7 binding and temperature sensing in rice
Authors: Guo Xiaoyu , Zhang Dajian , Wang Zhongliang , Xu Shujuan , Batistič Oliver , Steinhorst Leonie , Li Hao , Weng Yuxiang , Ren Dongtao , Kudla Jörg , Xu Yunyuan , Chong Kang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUnusually low temperatures caused by global climate change adversely affect rice production. Sensing cold to trigger signal network is a key base for improvement of chilling tolerance trait. Here, we report thatOryza sativaCalreticulin 3 (OsCRT3) localized at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exhibits conformational changes under cold stress, thereby enhancing its interaction with CBL‐interacting protein kinase 7 (OsCIPK7) to sense cold. Phenotypic analyses ofOsCRT3knock‐out mutants and transgenic overexpression lines demonstrate that OsCRT3 is a positive regulator in chilling tolerance. OsCRT3 localizes at the ER and mediates increases in cytosolic calcium levels under cold stress. Notably, cold stress triggers secondary structural changes of OsCRT3 and enhances its binding affinity with OsCIPK7, which finally boosts its kinase activity. Moreover, Calcineurin B‐like protein 7 (OsCBL7) and OsCBL8 interact with OsCIPK7 specifically on the plasma membrane. Taken together, our results thus identify a cold‐sensing mechanism that simultaneously conveys cold‐induced protein conformational change, enhances kinase activity, and Ca2+signal generation to facilitate chilling tolerance in rice.
New open-access journal, Microbiota and Host, launched by Bioscientifica
Authors: Bioscientifica  
Published: November 2022

Microbiota and Host is a new, fully open-access, peer-reviewed journal publishing fundamental and applied research and reviews that advance our understanding of the impact of commensal microbiota on their hosts.

The emergence of the field of research on microbiota and microbiomes has caused a shift in perspective on form and function of eukaryotes as 'meta-organisms' to be considered together with their microbiota. Disturbances in a harmonious relationship between commensal microbiota and the host are being increasingly implicated in a wide range of diseases including but not limited to obesity, liver disease, cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders and cancer.

Led by Editor-in-Chief Professor Bina Joe, from the University of Toledo, Ohio, Microbiota and Host is particularly interested in publishing experimental or mechanistic articles, and those which propose potential therapeutic interventions.

About Bioscientifica
Bioscientifica exists to support biomedicine. Through our publishing expertise we strengthen biomedical communities to advance science and health. Bioscientifica is owned by the UK’s Society for Endocrinology and any profits made through our publications are redistributed to support biomedical research and practice.
Húsz éves avarmanipulációs kísérlet hatásai barna erdőtalaj szén tartalmára és vízkapacitására: Síkfőkút DIRT Project
Authors: Fekete István , Béni Áron , Juhos Katalin , Kotroczó Zsolt 
Published: November 2022

A talajok a szárazföldi széntároló rendszerek egyik legjelentősebb tagját jelentik, melyek szénelnyelése, illetve szénkibocsátása jelentős mértékben hat a klímára, ugyanakkor a klímaváltozás is befolyásolja a talajok szénraktározó képességét. Az avar produkció mennyiségi és minőségi változásai jelentősen befolyásolják ezeket a folyamatokat, azonban ezek mértéke, sőt időnként iránya sem ismert pontosan.A klímaváltozás mellett a területhasználat változások is befolyásolják a talajba kerülő szerves anyagok mennyiségét és ezen keresztül számos egyéb talajfizikai, kémiai és biológiai paramétert. Ezeknek a hatásoknak a rendszerszintű vizsgálatát segítik a nemzetközi avarmanipulációs projektek, melyek azonos kezeléseket alkalmazva, de eltérő klímaviszonyok mellett vizsgálják a mesterségesen átalakított avar inputok hatását a talajrendszerekre. A Síkfőkút project területén, mely 2000-ben csatlakozott a nemzetközi DIRT projecthez, vizsgáltuk az avar input növekedésének és csökkenésének hatásait egy cseres tölgyes erdőben a talajok szén körforgalmára, illetve a vízháztartására. Ezeken a kutatásokon belül vizsgáltuk a kezelések talajaiban a talajnedvesség tartalmat, vízkapacitást és térfogatsűrűséget, valamint CNS analizátorral a talajok szerves szén tartalmát.Eredményeink azt mutatták, hogy az avar produkció mennyiségi változása, éghajlati viszonyoktól függően, eltérően hat a talajok SOC tartalmának változásaira. A kezelésekkel modellezett avar produkció változások nemcsak közvetlen úton hatnak a talajok szerves anyag tartalmára, de közvetett módon a megváltozott mikroklimatikus viszonyok révén is befolyásolják a talajok szén és vízforgalmi viszonyait. A nagyobb avar produkció a szárazabb síkfőkúti erdőben növelte a talajok szén tartalmát (szemben a nedvesebb amerikai területeken tapasztalt visszaeséssel, vagy stagnálással) és magasabb szerves anyag tartalom társulva a vastagabb avartakaróval magasabb átlagos talajnedvességet és vízmegtartó képességet eredményezett az avar elvonásos kezelésekkel szemben. Ezek a hatások összefüggésben lehetnek azzal is, hogy az avarelvonásos kezeléseknél szignifikánsan magasabb térfogattömeg értékeket mértünk, ami a pórustérfogat csökkenését jelentheti ebben az esetben, csökkentve ezzel a talajban tárolható víz mennyiségét.Az általunk végzett avarmanipulációs kísérletek nemzetközi kontextusában közelebb juthattunk a biogeokémiai ciklusok, ezáltal a mineralizáció és a humifikáció közötti összefüggések megértéséhez különböző erdőtípusokban és különböző klimatikus feltételek között.