bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of HercepTest™ mAb pharmDx (Dako Omnis, GE001) with Ventana PATHWAY anti-HER-2/neu (4B5) in breast cancer: correlation with HER2 amplification and HER2 low status
Authors: Rüschoff Josef , Friedrich Michael , Nagelmeier Iris , Kirchner Matthias , Andresen Lena M. , Salomon Karin , Portier Bryce , Sredni Simone T. , Schildhaus Hans Ulrich , Jasani Bharat , Grzelinski Marius , Viale Giuseppe 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPerformance of the new CE-IVD-marked HercepTest™ mAb pharmDx (Dako Omnis) assay (HercepTest (mAb)) was compared against the PATHWAY® anti-HER-2/neu (4B5) (PATHWAY 4B5) assay using 119 pre-selected breast cancer samples covering the entire range of HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) expression scores (0, 1 + , 2 + , 3 +). The sensitivity and specificity of both assays were assessed based on consensus IHC scores and amplification status, as determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) according to 2018 ASCO/CAP testing guidelines. There was a high concordance between results from the HercepTest (mAb) and PATHWAY 4B5 assays for HER2-negative (IHC 0, 1 + , 2 + and FISH negative) and HER2-positive (IHC 3 + , 2 + and FISH positive) breast carcinomas (98.2%). Regarding individual IHC scores, complete agreement was achieved in 69.7% (83/119) of cases, and all but one of the discordant cases were due to higher HER2-status scoring using the HercepTest (mAb). Thus, more tumors were overscored as IHC 2 + by HercepTest (mAb) (27 versus 15) as evidenced by their lower FISH positivity rate (48.1% versus 80%). However, two amplified tumors identified as IHC 2 + by HercepTest (mAb) were missed by PATHWAY 4B5 (IHC 1 +). Four additional cases identified as IHC 2 + by HercepTest (mAb), with FISH ratio < 2 but elevated gene counts (≥ 4 to < 6), were recorded negative by PATHWAY 4B5. The HercepTest (mAb) detects HER2 expression with higher sensitivity in tumors with gene amplification (ISH group 1) and increased gene counts (ISH group 4) as well as in HER2-low tumors (HER2 IHC2 + /FISH negative or IHC 1 +). Future studies will demonstrate whether this translates into improved patient selection especially for new HER2-directed therapies.
Cross-border investment and the decline of exchange rate volatility: implications for Euro area bilateral investments
Authors: Giofré Maela , Sokolenko Oleksandra 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExchange rate volatility has undergone a secular decline since the collapse of the Bretton Woods system. We conjecture that this phenomenon may have led to a generalized decreased need for risk exchange hedging in financial markets. Indeed, we find that the negative association between bilateral foreign portfolio investments and the volatility of the exchange rate has markedly weakened over time. This finding, which is particularly significant for large countries and in the post-crisis period, can also help explain the decline in bilateral investments among EMU member countries. We observe, in fact, that, after 2012, the distinctive fall of Euro-area bilateral equity investments is significantly explained by the global declining effect of exchange rate volatility on financial markets. A lower exchange rate volatility, associated with the ensuing generalized reduction in the perceived exchange rate risk, may have posed a challenge to the economic relevance of the full exchange risk hedging system represented by the common currency area, and hence to the attractiveness of reciprocal investments.
Method to estimate the initial landslide failure surface and volumes using grid points and spline curves in MATLAB
Authors: Prajapati Gautam , Jaboyedoff Michel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a new method to estimate a landslide failure surface and its volume based on a digital elevation model (DEM) using spline curves by assuming values of the tangent of the failure surface along with transversal vertical profiles. The model will give the depth of the probable failure surface plotted using the 2D grid function. We can easily visualize the results by running the codes; the display will show the step-by-step processes involved. The model requires fundamental data inputs, which are readily available online throughout the world, such as a DEM of the study area and a KML file of contour limits of the landslide as input. The calculation procedure is simple; it evaluates the depth of the failure surface at each point of the grid. The cross-section for each point is estimated perpendicular to the slope line joining the highest elevation point and the lowest elevation point within the contour limits. A cubic spline curve is calculated using two endpoints and the first derivative at these points. The Z value is calculated using these parameters at each grid point (centre of a grid), and finally, a 3D failure surface is generated, enabling the volume calculation. MATLAB code has been written to execute this process automatically. This model can easily use input data with very little fieldwork, and the processing can produce a result in a few minutes. We can enrich a real scenario by imposing more constraints on the variation in the cross-section angle based on the limit of the landslide using field measurements. This model is also helpful in predicting the area affected by the mass of the failure surface, and we can determine a predefined hazard zone to avoid any casualties in the future.
Topological influence and locality in swap schelling games
Authors: Bilò Davide , Bilò Vittorio , Lenzner Pascal , Molitor Louise 
Published: August 2022

AbstractResidential segregation is a wide-spread phenomenon that can be observed in almost every major city. In these urban areas residents with different racial or socioeconomic background tend to form homogeneous clusters. Schelling’s famous agent-based model for residential segregation explains how such clusters can form even if all agents are tolerant, i.e., if they agree to live in mixed neighborhoods. For segregation to occur, all it needs is a slight bias towards agents preferring similar neighbors. Very recently, Schelling’s model has been investigated from a game-theoretic point of view with selfish agents that strategically select their residential location. In these games, agents can improve on their current location by performing a location swap with another agent who is willing to swap. We significantly deepen these investigations by studying the influence of the underlying topology modeling the residential area on the existence of equilibria, the Price of Anarchy and on the dynamic properties of the resulting strategic multi-agent system. Moreover, as a new conceptual contribution, we also consider the influence of locality, i.e., if the location swaps are restricted to swaps of neighboring agents. We give improved almost tight bounds on the Price of Anarchy for arbitrary underlying graphs and we present (almost) tight bounds for regular graphs, paths and cycles. Moreover, we give almost tight bounds for grids, which are commonly used in empirical studies. For grids we also show that locality has a severe impact on the game dynamics.
Canonical Truth
Authors: Carl Merlin , Schlicht Philipp 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe introduce and study some variants of a notion of canonical set theoretical truth. By this, we mean truth in a transitive proper class model M of ZFC that is uniquely characterized by some $$\in$$
∈
-formula. We show that there are interesting statements that hold in all such models, but do not follow from ZFC, such as the ground model axiom and the nonexistence of measurable cardinals. We also study a related concept in which we only require M to be fixed up to elementary equivalence. We show that this theory-canonicity also goes beyond provability in ZFC, but it does not rule out measurable cardinals and it does not fix the size of the continuum.
Determinants and Outcomes of the Therapeutic Alliance in Treating Justice-Involved Youth: A Systematic Review of Quantitative and Qualitative Research
Authors: Papalia Nina , Dunne Ashley , Maharaj Natasha , Fortunato Erika , Luebbers Stefan , Ogloff James R. P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA large body of research supports the role of the therapeutic alliance in predicting positive change in psychotherapy. This systematic review examined determinants of alliance quality and its association with treatment outcomes in an under-served and under-researched population—justice-involved youth—with whom several challenges and contextual considerations arise that bear relevance to the alliance. The search strategy yielded 23 independent studies meeting eligibility criteria and describing diverse treatments: 14 quantitative records synthesized narratively and nine qualitative studies that underwent thematic analysis. A complex picture emerged, precluding firm conclusions about factors linked to enhanced alliances and the alliance–outcome relationship with justice-involved youth. Nevertheless, some promising findings were noted across quantitative studies, including potential treatment benefits related to alliance growth and creating positive alliances with caregivers. The review also highlighted the potential relevance of the young person’s relationships with peers and parents and their treatment readiness and expectations to alliance quality. Drawing on adolescent, caregiver, and therapist perspectives, the thematic synthesis of qualitative studies generated themes related to key elements of constructive alliances and their role in creating a foundation for initiating change. An integrated discussion is provided, highlighting practical implications and suggestions for addressing methodological limitations and substantive knowledge gaps.
Assessment of biotoxicity of three types of landfilled foundry waste on the basis of dehydrogenase activity
Authors: Bożym Marta 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe microbiological activity of three types of landfilled foundry wastes, i.e. biologically reclaimed foundry waste (BFW), foundry waste landfilled since the 1990s (LFW) and fresh foundry waste (FFW), was investigated. The wastes originated from a Polish iron and steel foundry which uses organic binders based on phenol–formaldehyde resins and mineral binders to casting production. The physical and chemical properties and dehydrogenase activity (DHA) were determined in the waste samples and local soils. In addition, a pot experiment was performed to determine the effect of the addition of FFW with no microbial activity on soils. Additional correlation analysis was conducted between DHA and other parameters. It was found that biologically reclaimed foundry waste (BFW) showed the highest microbial activity, similar to soils from garden allotments and agricultural fields. The DHA in LFW was about a half lower than BFW. On the other hand, FFW did not show any microbial activity. A pot experiment showed that increasing the percentage of foundry waste relative to soil had a negative effect on DHA, probably as a result of soil dilution rather than the inhibitory effect of contaminants. It was concluded that the optimum addition of FFW to soils is 10% wt, due to the highest value of DHA among the other variants.
Drivers of soil respiration across a management intensity gradient in temperate grasslands under drought
Authors: Apostolakis Antonios , Schöning Ingo , Michalzik Beate , Klaus Valentin H. , Boeddinghaus Runa S. , Kandeler Ellen , Marhan Sven , Bolliger Ralph , Fischer Markus , Prati Daniel , Hänsel Falk , Nauss Thomas , Hölzel Norbert , Kleinebecker Till , Schrumpf Marion 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSoil respiration is an important pathway of soil organic carbon losses in temperate grasslands; however, it is rarely studied across broad management intensity gradients in a landscape. Using the soda-lime method, we measured in-situ soil CO2 efflux with single measurements of long exposure time (i.e. 3 day long) in 150 grasslands in three German regions in early summer 2018 and 2019. The grasslands ranged from unfertilized and grazed grasslands to intensively fertilized and frequently harvested ones. To assess effects of grazing and fertilization intensities and plant diversity on soil CO2 efflux, we used Structural Equation Modeling to account for direct effects and indirect effects through soil and plant organic matter quantity and quality. Soil CO2 efflux was suppressed by limited water availability caused by naturally occurring droughts in both study years. Under the prevailing environmental conditions, grazing intensity, plant biomass and plant C:N ratio were not related to soil CO2 efflux. In contrast, fertilization intensity was positively associated with soil CO2 efflux (standardized coefficient of net effect: + 0.04 in 2018 and + 0.03 in 2019). This was because fertilization led to lower plant species richness and, thus, to lower C:N ratios in soils, which were associated with higher soil CO2 efflux (plant species richness net effect: −0.09 in 2018 and −0.18 in 2019; soil C:N ratio direct effect: −0.23 in 2018 and −0.33 in 2019). Intensively managed grasslands have higher soil respiration than extensively managed, plant species-rich grasslands even under the extreme conditions of natural droughts.
An Evaluation of the Impact of Digital Technology Innovations on Students’ Learning: Participatory Research Using a Student-Centred Approach
Authors: Awidi Isaiah T. , Paynter Mark 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper we report on a study of the impact of digital technology (DT) innovations on students’ learning in a Western Australian University. The innovations were implemented by 42 course coordinators (CC) following two days of learning design workshops. In collaboration with nine CCs, we conducted an evaluation of their innovations. Data were collected through two structured interviews with each CC and an online questionnaire for 1500 students. Elements of students’ course feedback were incorporated into the final analysis of the data. A model for improving students learning in a digital environment was used as a guide to the evaluation process. The findings indicated that DT interventions helped students prepare for laboratory activities and class participation, increased their levels of interaction and collaboration, and provided effective and timely management of feedback from lecturers. Students also reported greater access to learning resources, plus more motivation and engagement. CCs were generally pleased with their innovations; however, in their second interview, at the end of the semester, CCs identified several aspects of their course design that warranted improvement, including the need for more professional support in making those improvements
A Systematic Review of Low-Cost Actuator Implementations for Lower-Limb Exoskeletons: a Technical and Financial Perspective
Authors: Slucock T. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA common issue with many commercial rehabilitative exoskeletons and orthoses are that they can be prohibitively expensive for an average individual to afford without additional financial support. Due to this a user may have limited to the usage of such devices within set rehabilitation sessions as opposed to a continual usage. The purpose of this review is therefore to find which actuator implementations would be most suitable for a simplistic, low-cost powered orthoses capable of assisting those with pathologic gait disorders by collating literature from Web of Science, Scopus, and Grey Literature. In this systematic review paper 127 papers were selected from these databases via the PRISMA guidelines, with the financial costs of 25 actuators discovered with 11 distinct actuator groups identified. The review paper will consider a variety of actuator implementations used in existing lower-limb exoskeletons that are specifically designed for the purpose of rehabilitating or aiding those with conditions inhibiting natural movement abilities, such as electric motors, hydraulics, pneumatics, cable-driven actuators, and compliant actuators. Key attributes such as technical simplicity, financial cost, power efficiency, size limitations, accuracy, and reliability are compared for all actuator groups. Statistical findings show that rotary electric motors (which are the most common actuator type within collated literature) and compliant actuators (such as elastic and springs) would be the most suitable actuators for a low-cost implementation. From these results, a possible actuator design will be proposed making use of both rotary electric motors and compliant actuators.
Mental contrasting and energization transfer to low-expectancy tasks
Authors: Sevincer A. Timur , Plakides Alexander , Oettingen Gabriele 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMentally contrasting future with reality is a self-regulation strategy that triggers expectancy-dependent energization for tasks instrumental to attaining the desired future. Energization by mental contrasting even transfers to tasks unrelated to the desired future at hand. Would such energization transfer by mental contrasting even energize people to perform unrelated tasks for which they have low success expectations? In Laboratory Experiment 1, mentally contrasting (vs. indulging) about performing well in a creativity task triggered physiological energization and better performance in an unrelated low-expectancy cognitive task that participants received in place of the creativity task. In Field Experiment 2, mentally contrasting an interpersonal wish helped schoolchildren invest more effort and perform better in a low-expectancy academic task—finding typos. Online Experiment 3 replicated Experiment 2 with adults. Mental contrasting participants’ effort and performance in the low-expectancy academic task did not differ from their effort and performance in a high-expectancy task. We discuss implications for designing interventions to foster energization for low-expectancy tasks.
Negativists, enthusiasts and others: a typology of players in free-to-play games
Authors: Klézl Vojtěch , Kelly Stephen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to develop a novel multidimensional typology of free-to-play gamers, based on the theory of consumption values and to test whether these types of gamers differ in their premium content consumer purchasing behavior. The study uses a survey of 839 Czech free-to-play gamers, where the players’ values are tested across 27 items. Factor analysis is used to identify 6 different factors (values) influencing the gamers, which are then used as variables in a cluster analysis to identify 5 distinct gamer types. Results show that each identified gamer type differs not only in gaming (length of gameplay) but also in purchasing behavior (current purchase and future purchase intention, average monthly spend). One new gamer type, previously unidentified in the literature, has been identified (the enthusiasts), alongside the development of additional details for three of the more “standard” game types (economic aesthetes, identification seekers and killers). Gamers from the Czech Republic are used in the sample, limiting the generalizability of the study. The research complements existing gamer typologies by developing an empirically supported view of free-to-play gamers that is based on value, which results in the identification of one new gamer type. We also extend consumption values theory by identifying the multi-dimensional impact of value characteristics on purchase behavior in a context of emerging commercial and social importance.
Origin and evolution of animal multicellularity in the light of phylogenomics and cancer genetics
Authors: Jacques Florian , Baratchart Etienne , Pienta Kenneth J. , Hammarlund Emma U. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe rise of animals represents a major but enigmatic event in the evolutionary history of life. In recent years, numerous studies have aimed at understanding the genetic basis of this transition. However, genome comparisons of diverse animal and protist lineages suggest that the appearance of gene families that were previously considered animal specific indeed preceded animals. Animals’ unicellular relatives, such as choanoflagellates, ichthyosporeans, and filastereans, demonstrate complex life cycles including transient multicellularity as well as genetic toolkits for temporal cell differentiation, cell-to-cell communication, apoptosis, and cell adhesion. This has warranted further exploration of the genetic basis underlying transitions in cellular organization. An alternative model for the study of transitions in cellular organization is tumors, which exploit physiological programs that characterize both unicellularity and multicellularity. Tumor cells, for example, switch adhesion on and off, up- or downregulate specific cell differentiation states, downregulate apoptosis, and allow cell migration within tissues. Here, we use insights from both the fields of phylogenomics and tumor biology to review the evolutionary history of the regulatory systems of multicellularity and discuss their overlap. We claim that while evolutionary biology has contributed to an increased understanding of cancer, broad investigations into tissue—normal and transformed—can also contribute the framework for exploring animal evolution.
A nomogram model for the risk prediction of type 2 diabetes in healthy eastern China residents: a 14-year retrospective cohort study from 15,166 participants
Authors: Xu Tiancheng , Yu Decai , Zhou Weihong , Yu Lei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundRisk prediction models can help identify individuals at high risk for type 2 diabetes. However, no such model has been applied to clinical practice in eastern China.AimsThis study aims to develop a simple model based on physical examination data that can identify high-risk groups for type 2 diabetes in eastern China for predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine.MethodsA 14-year retrospective cohort study of 15,166 nondiabetic patients (12–94 years; 37% females) undergoing annual physical examinations was conducted. Multivariate logistic regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) models were constructed for univariate analysis, factor selection, and predictive model building. Calibration curves and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the calibration and prediction accuracy of the nomogram, and decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to assess its clinical validity.ResultsThe 14-year incidence of type 2 diabetes in this study was 4.1%. This study developed a nomogram that predicts the risk of type 2 diabetes. The calibration curve shows that the nomogram has good calibration ability, and in internal validation, the area under ROC curve (AUC) showed statistical accuracy (AUC = 0.865). Finally, DCA supports the clinical predictive value of this nomogram.ConclusionThis nomogram can serve as a simple, economical, and widely scalable tool to predict individualized risk of type 2 diabetes in eastern China. Successful identification and intervention of high-risk individuals at an early stage can help to provide more effective treatment strategies from the perspectives of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine.
Tetra-, penta-, and hexa-nor-lanostane triterpenes from the medicinal fungus Ganoderma australe
Authors: Zhou Lin , Akbar Subiy , Wang Meng-Xi , Chen He-Ping , Liu Ji-Kai 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Chemical investigation on the medicinal fungus Ganoderma australe led to the identification of ten new nor-lanostane triterpenes, namely two hexa-nor ones, ganoaustratetraenones A (1) and B (2), five penta-nor ones, ganoaustraldehydes A–E (3–7), and three tetra-nor ones ganoaustrenoic acids A–C (8–10). The chemical structures along with the absolute configurations were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis of 1D & 2D NMR and HRESIMS data. The postulated biosynthesis pathways of these compounds were proposed. Ganoaustraldehydes A (3) and B (4) showed moderate inhibition against nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 macrophage cells with the respective IC50 values of 32.5, 34.2 µM (the IC50 of positive control pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate was 20.0 µM).

Graphical Abstract