bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early and long-term results of ventricular septal defect repair in children with severe pulmonary hypertension and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance by the double or traditional patch technique
Authors: Golovenko Oleksandr , Lazorhyshynets Vasyl , Prokopovych Liliya , Truba Yaroslav , DiSessa Thomas , Novick William 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
In upper-income countries, infants undergo low-risk ventricular septal defect (VSD) repair. Children in low- and middle-income countries frequently present at older ages with elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Expensive interventions for pulmonary hypertensive crisis are not available, and children are often denied an operation due to the mortality risk. We report our early and late experiences with these patients who underwent VSD closure by traditional patch (TP) or double patch (DP) techniques.

METHODS
We extracted data from patients with VSD and PAH who underwent VSD closure operations from 1996 to 2016. Information regarding cardiac catheterizations, operations, time in the intensive care unit and follow-up information was found. We identified 129 children and analysed the differences between the TP (89/129) and the DP (40/129) in unidirectional groups. After 2005, the patients were pretreated with sildenafil 3 months before catheterization.

RESULTS
The TP group was younger (P  &lt; 0.001). Hospital mortality (2.5%, DP; 10.1%,TP) was not significantly different (P  = 0.17) between the 2 groups despite significant differences in baseline PVR, PVR/systemic vascular resistance and the number of children with a saturation less than 90%. The long-term survival and regression of PAH were better in the DP group (survival over 97% vs 93% in the TP group). Moreover, 61% of children with DP and 75% of those with TP had normal to mild elevations in pulmonary artery pressures at the last follow-up examination (P  = 0.046).

CONCLUSIONS
The DP operation is a low-risk procedure. Moreover, the long-term outcome with the use of this technique in high-risk patients with VSD and high PVR and PAH is favourable with respect to survival and showed a decrease in PAH at the last follow-up.
Assessing the contribution of rare genetic variants to phenotypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using whole-genome sequence data
Authors: Kim Wonji , Hecker Julian , Barr R Graham , Boerwinkle Eric , Cade Brian , Correa Adolfo , Dupuis Josée , Gharib Sina A , Lange Leslie , London Stephanie J , Morrison Alanna C , O'Connor George T , Oelsner Elizabeth C , Psaty Bruce M , Vasan Ramachandran S , Redline Susan , Rich Stephen S , Rotter Jerome I , Yu Bing , Lange Christoph , Manichaikul Ani , Zhou Jin J , Sofer Tamar , Silverman Edwin K , Qiao Dandi , Cho Michael H ,   NHLBI Trans-Omics in Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Consortium and TOPMed Lung Working Group
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Rationale: Genetic variation has a substantial contribution to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung function measurements. Heritability estimates using genome-wide genotyping data can be biased if analyses do not appropriately account for the nonuniform distribution of genetic effects across the allele frequency and linkage disequilibrium (LD) spectrum. In addition, the contribution of rare variants has been unclear. Objectives: We sought to assess the heritability of COPD and lung function using whole-genome sequence data from the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine program. Methods: Using the genome-based restricted maximum likelihood method, we partitioned the genome into bins based on minor allele frequency and LD scores and estimated heritability of COPD, FEV1% predicted and FEV1/FVC ratio in 11 051 European ancestry and 5853 African-American participants. Measurements and Main Results: In European ancestry participants, the estimated heritability of COPD, FEV1% predicted and FEV1/FVC ratio were 35.5%, 55.6% and 32.5%, of which 18.8%, 19.7%, 17.8% were from common variants, and 16.6%, 35.8%, and 14.6% were from rare variants. These estimates had wide confidence intervals, with common variants and some sets of rare variants showing a statistically significant contribution (P-value &lt; 0.05). In African-Americans, common variant heritability was similar to European ancestry participants, but lower sample size precluded calculation of rare variant heritability. Conclusions: Our study provides updated and unbiased estimates of heritability for COPD and lung function, and suggests an important contribution of rare variants. Larger studies of more diverse ancestry will improve accuracy of these estimates.
Nationwide implementation of online communication skills training to reduce overprescribing of antibiotics: a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial in general practice
Authors: D’Hulster Leon , Abrams Steven , Bruyndonckx Robin , Anthierens Sibyl , Adriaenssens Niels , Butler Chris C , Verheij Theo , Goossens Herman , Little Paul , Coenen Samuel 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Primary care is responsible for a large proportion of unnecessary antibiotic use, which is one of the main drivers of antibiotic resistance. Randomized trials have found that online communication skills training for GPs reduces antibiotic prescribing for respiratory infections. This study assesses the real-world effect of implementing online communication skills training in general practice.

Methods
In a closed cohort stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial all Belgian GPs were invited to participate in online communication skills training courses (TRACE and INTRO) and provided with linked patient information booklets. The primary outcome was the antibiotic prescribing rate per 1000 patient contacts. Intention-to-treat and per protocol analyses were performed. Trial registration at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03265028.

Results
In total, 118 487 observations from 10 375 GPs were included in the analysis. Overall, 299 (2.88%) GPs completed TRACE and 93 (0.90%) completed INTRO, 30 of which completed both. There was no effect of the national implementation of TRACE and INTRO on the population-level antibiotic prescribing rate (prescribing rate ratio [PRR] = 0.99 [95% CI: 0.97–1.02]). GPs who actually completed TRACE prescribed fewer antibiotic prescriptions (PRR = 0.93 [95% CI: 0.90–0.95]).

Conclusions
Inviting GPs to complete an online communication skills training course and providing them with the linked patient information booklets did not reduce antibiotic prescribing. However, GPs who completed TRACE prescribed 7% fewer antibiotics, especially during winter. This suggests a significant decrease in population-wide antibiotic consumption could be achieved by focusing on increasing the uptake of this intervention by identifying and overcoming barriers to participation.
Determination of Total Amino Acids in Infant Formulas, Adult Nutritionals, Dairy, and Cereal Matrixes by UHPLC–UV: Interlaboratory Validation Study, Final Action 2018.06
Authors: Jaudzems Greg , Fuerer Christophe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundA method for the quantification of total amino acids (including taurine and excluding tryptophan) using ultra- HPLC separation coupled to UV detection (UHPLC–UV) was granted First Action status (AOAC 2018.06) by the AOAC INTERNATIONAL Stakeholder Program for Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals (SPIFAN) in 2018.ObjectiveAn interlaboratory study was conducted to further assess method performance against the AOAC Standard Method Performance Requirements (AOAC SMPR® 2014.013). Dairy and cereal matrixes were added to expand the scope of the method in collaboration with IDF (International Dairy Federation), ISO (International Organization for Standardization), and AACCI (American Association of Cereal Chemists International, now Cereals & Grains Association).MethodsSixteen different matrixes were chosen to cover the requirements of AOAC, IDF/ISO, and AACCI. Blind duplicate samples were organized into specific series to ensure that each pair was analyzed on the same day. Fifteen laboratories returned results. Data from four laboratories were considered invalid and removed from the dataset. Remaining data were assessed according to the Appendix D of the AOAC Official Methods of AnalysisSM (guidelines for collaborative study procedures).ResultsThis method generally met the requirements listed in the SMPR for infant formulas and adult nutritionals, except for taurine. Method performance was comparable in dairy and cereal matrixes. Five different UHPLC instruments were used with either commercial or in-house reagents, demonstrating that the method is not limited to a single supplier.ConclusionThis method was recommended for Final Action in infant and adult/pediatric nutritional formulas by the AOAC SPIFAN Nutrients Expert Review Panel in April 2021, with the exception of taurine. The corresponding IDF/ISO Draft International Standard (DIS) was approved by national bodies in May 2022, and comments collected during the ballot were incorporated into this manuscript.HighlightsAOAC Official Method 2018.06 for the determination of total amino acids in infant formulas, adult nutritionals, dairy, and cereal matrixes was successfully validated in an interlaboratory study.
Fatal Rectal Injection of 3-MMC in a Sexual Context: Toxicological Investigations Including Metabolites Identification Using LC–HRMS
Authors: Aknouche Frédéric , Ameline Alice , Gheddar Laurie , Maruejouls Christophe , Kintz Pascal 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The dead body of a 59-year-old man was found at his home by his father. The subject was naked in the corridor, wearing a black hood and a collar around the neck where a dog leash was attached. An empty syringe was discovered in the decedent’s rectal vein. The autopsy revealed marked asphyxia signs with no indication of violence or trauma. Femoral blood, urine and hair (4 cm, brown) were collected and submitted for comprehensive toxicological investigation. Initial screening did not indicate the presence of ethanol or any other over-the-counter or prescription pharmaceuticals. Routine toxicology screening by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS-MS) tentatively identified only the cathinone stereoisomer(s), 3-methylmethcathinone (3-MMC) or mephedrone. Analysis by gas chromatography–MS to distinguish between the isomers revealed the presence of 3-MMC, which was subsequently quantified by LC–MS-MS. Femoral blood and urine concentrations were 1,437 and 16,733 ng/mL, respectively. In 4 × 1-cm hair segments, 3-MMC was detected at &lt;10 pg/mg (limit of quantification). Further analysis by liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS) allowed the identification of two metabolites in both blood and urine: desmethyl-3-MMC and hydroxyl-3-MMC. The pathologist established the cause of death in this case as acute 3-MMC poisoning in the context of ChemSex.
Burn Registries State of Affairs: A Scoping review
Authors: Gus Eduardo , Brooks Stephanie , Multani Iqbal , Zhu Jane , Zuccaro Jennifer , Singer Yvonne 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Registry science allows for the interpretation of disease-specific patient data from secondary databases. It can be utilized to understand disease and injury, answer research questions, and engender benchmarking of quality-of-care indicators. Numerous burn registries exist globally, however, their contributions to burn care have not been summarized. The objective of this study is to characterize the available literature on burn registries. The authors conducted a scoping review, having registered the protocol a priori. A thorough search of the English literature, including grey literature, was carried out. Publications of all study designs were eligible for inclusion provided they utilized, analyzed, and/or critiqued data from a burn registry. Three hundred twenty studies were included, encompassing 16 existing burn registries. The most frequently used registries for peer-reviewed publications were the American Burn Association Burn Registry, Burn Model System National Database, and the Burns Registry of Australia and New Zealand. The main limitations of existing registries are the inclusion of patients admitted to burn centers only, deficient capture of outpatient and long-term outcome data, lack of data standardization across registries, and the paucity of studies on burn prevention and quality improvement methodology. Registries are an invaluable source of information for research, delivery of care planning, and benchmarking of processes and outcomes. Efforts should be made to stimulate other jurisdictions to build burn registries and for existing registries to be improved through data linkage with administrative databases, and by standardizing one international minimum dataset, in order to maximize the potential of registry science in burn care.
Aging-associated accumulation of mitochondrial DNA mutations in tumor origin
Authors: Kong Minghua , Guo Lishu , Xu Weilin , He Chengpeng , Jia Xiaoyan , Zhao Zhiyao , Gu Zhenglong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The majority of cancer patients are among aged population, suggesting an urgent need to advance our knowledge on complicated relationship between aging and cancer. It has been hypothesized that metabolic changes during aging could act as a driver for tumorigenesis. Given the fact that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are common in both tumors and aged tissues, it is interesting to contemplate possible role of age-related mtDNA mutations in tumorigenesis. MtDNA encodes genes essential for mitochondrial metabolism, and mtDNA mutates at a much higher rate than nuclear genome. Random drifting of somatic mtDNA mutations, as a result of cell division or mitochondrial turnover during aging, may lead to more and more cells harboring high-frequency pathogenic mtDNA mutations, albeit at different loci, in single-cells. Such mutations can induce metabolic reprogramming, nuclear genome instability and immune response, which might increase the likelihood of tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize current understanding of how mtDNA mutations accumulate with aging and how these mutations could mechanistically contribute to tumor origin. We also discuss potential prevention strategies for mtDNA mutation-induced tumorigenesis, and future works needed in this direction.
Simulating cold shear flows on a moving mesh
Authors: Zier Oliver , Springel Volker 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Rotationally supported, cold, gaseous discs are ubiquitous in astrophysics and appear in a diverse set of systems, such as protoplanetary discs, accretion discs around black holes, or large spiral galaxies. Capturing the gas dynamics accurately in these systems is challenging in numerical simulations due to the low sound speed compared to the bulk velocity of the gas, the resolution limitations of full disc models, and the fact that numerical noise can easily source spurious growth of fluid instabilities if not suppressed sufficiently well, negatively interfering with real physical instabilities present in such discs (like the magnetorotational instability). Here, we implement the so-called shearing-box approximation in the moving-mesh code arepo in order to facilitate achieving high resolution in local regions of differentially rotating discs and to address these problems. While our new approach offers manifest translational invariance across the shearing-box boundaries and offers continuous local adaptivity, we demonstrate that the unstructured mesh of arepo introduces unwanted levels of ‘grid-noise’ in the default version of the code. We show that this can be rectified by high-order integrations of the flux over mesh boundaries. With our new techniques we obtain highly accurate results for shearing-box calculations of the magnetorotational instability that are superior to other Lagrangian techniques. These improvements are also of value for other applications of the code that feature strong shear flows.
POLQ suppresses genome instability and alterations in DNA repeat tract lengths
Authors: Liddiard Kate , Aston-Evans Alys N , Cleal Kez , Hendrickson Eric A , Baird Duncan M 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
DNA polymerase theta (POLQ) is a principal component of the alternative non-homologous end-joining (ANHEJ) DNA repair pathway that ligates DNA double-strand breaks. Utilizing independent models of POLQ insufficiency during telomere-driven crisis, we found that POLQ–/– cells are resistant to crisis-induced growth deceleration despite sustaining inter-chromosomal telomere fusion frequencies equivalent to wild-type (WT) cells. We recorded longer telomeres in POLQ–/– than WT cells pre- and post-crisis, notwithstanding elevated total telomere erosion and fusion rates. POLQ–/– cells emerging from crisis exhibited reduced incidence of clonal gross chromosomal abnormalities in accordance with increased genetic heterogeneity. High-throughput sequencing of telomere fusion amplicons from POLQ-deficient cells revealed significantly raised frequencies of inter-chromosomal fusions with correspondingly depreciated intra-chromosomal recombinations. Long-range interactions culminating in telomere fusions with centromere alpha-satellite repeats, as well as expansions in HSAT2 and HSAT3 satellite and contractions in ribosomal DNA repeats, were detected in POLQ–/– cells. In conjunction with the expanded telomere lengths of POLQ–/– cells, these results indicate a hitherto unrealized capacity of POLQ for regulation of repeat arrays within the genome. Our findings uncover novel considerations for the efficacy of POLQ inhibitors in clinical cancer interventions, where potential genome destabilizing consequences could drive clonal evolution and resistant disease.
Transmission of Antibiotic-Susceptible Escherichia coli Causing Urinary Tract Infections in a Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Recipient: Consequences for Donor Screening?
Authors: Vendrik Karuna E W , de Meij Tim G J , Bökenkamp Arend , Ooijevaar Rogier E , Groenewegen Bas , Hendrickx Antoni P A , Terveer Elisabeth M , Kuijper Ed J , van Prehn Joffrey 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been reported to decrease the incidence of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs), presumably by restoring microbiome diversity and/or uropathogen competition. We report a 16-year-old female with recurrent UTIs caused by multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, for which frequent intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment was necessary. The patient was treated with FMT from a well-screened healthy donor without multidrug-resistant bacteria in the feces. After FMT, she developed several UTIs with an antibiotic-susceptible Escherichia coli that could be treated orally. The uropathogenic E. coli could be cultured from donor feces, and whole genome sequencing confirmed donor-to-recipient transmission. Our observation should stimulate discussion on long-term follow-up of all infections after FMT and donor fecal screening for antibiotic-susceptible Enterobacterales.
Effect of Fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser vs Sham Treatment on Symptom Severity in Women With Postmenopausal Vaginal Symptoms: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Li Fiona G. , Maheux-Lacroix Sarah , Deans Rebecca , Nesbitt-Hawes Erin , Budden Aaron , Nguyen Kimberly , Lim Claire Y. , Song Sophia , McCormack Lalla , Lyons Stephen D. , Segelov Eva , Abbott Jason A. 
Published: June 2022

(Abstracted from JAMA 2021;326:1381–1389)
An estimated 40% to 60% of women experience vaginal symptoms associated with menopause, which can lead to physical discomfort, as well as negatively affecting sexual function, relationships, and quality of life. Preliminary data have shown that fractional laser treatments used as nonhormonal alternatives for postmenopausal vaginal symptoms result in improvement in vaginal atrophy after treatment.
Digital Therapeutic Device for Urinary Incontinence: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Weinstein Milena M. , Dunivan Gena , Guaderrama Noelani M. , Richter Holly E. 
Published: June 2022

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2022;139:606–615)
As many as 50% of women are affected by urinary incontinence (UI) throughout their lifetimes. Over time, related quality of life and symptom severity tend to worsen and can be improved with therapy.
Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of Diabetes Group Prenatal Care
Authors: Carter Ebony B. , Barbier Kate , Hill Pamela K. , Cahill Alison G. , Colditz Graham A. , Macones George A. , Tuuli Methodius G. , Mazzoni Sara E. 
Published: June 2022

(Abstracted from Am J Perinatol 2022;39:45–53)
Type 2 diabetes or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) occurs in approximately 10% of pregnant women. Having these conditions increases the risk of several adverse outcomes, including macrosomia, shoulder dystocia, cesarean delivery, metabolic syndrome, and future cardiovascular diseases.
Mortality, In-Hospital Morbidity, Care Practices, and 2-Year Outcomes for Extremely Preterm Infants in the US, 2013–2018
Authors: Bell Edward F. , Hintz Susan R. , Hansen Nellie I. , Bann Carla M. , Wyckoff Myra H. , DeMauro Sara B. , Walsh Michele C. , Vohr Betty R. , Stoll Barbara J. , Carlo Waldemar A. , Van Meurs Krisa P. , Rysavy Matthew A. , Patel Ravi M. , Merhar Stephanie L. , Sánchez Pablo J. , Laptook Abbot R. , Hibbs Anna Maria , Cotten C. Michael , D'Angio Carl T. , Winter Sarah , Fuller Janell , Das Abhik ,   for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network
Published: June 2022

(Abstracted from JAMA 2022;327:248–263)
Although mortality and short-term morbidities have declined in extremely preterm infants, there is still a need for the ongoing review of longer-term health and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Since 1991, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network tracks such outcomes in infants born <29 weeks' gestation.
The role of temporary mechanical circulatory support as a bridge to advanced heart failure therapies or recovery
Authors: Oren Daniel , Zilinyi Robert , Lotan Dor , Uriel Matan , Uriel Nir , Sayer Gabriel 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review
Temporary mechanical circulatory support (tMCS) has become central in the treatment of refractory cardiogenic shock and can be used to bridge patients to durable MCS, heart transplant or recovery. This review will discuss contemporary data regarding bridging strategies utilizing tMCS.

Recent findings
There has been significant growth in tMCS use recently, driven by increased familiarity with tMCS devices, and increased experience with both implantation and management. Identifying goals of therapy at the time of therapy initiation can facilitate better outcomes. The three primary goals are bridge to recovery, bridge to heart transplantation or bridge to durable left ventricular assist device. Bridging to recovery requires adequate treatment of underlying conditions and optimization of haemodynamics. Bridging to heart transplantation has become more frequent following changes to the heart allocation policy. Despite early concerns, patients bridge with tMCS, including ventricular-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, do not appear to have worse posttransplant outcomes. When bridging to durable mechanical circulatory support, tMCS can be used to enhance end-organ dysfunction and improve perioperative outcomes. In situations in which none of these goals are attainable, palliative care plays a critical role to identify patient wishes and assist with withdrawal of care when necessary.

Summary
The use of tMCS, as a bridge to recovery or heart replacement therapy in patients with refractory cardiogenic shock has grown significantly over the past decade. Multiple device choices are available and must be chosen appropriately to address the specific situation and the goals of therapy.