bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Band-stop filter based on metal–insulator-metal hybridized with graphene layer in telecommunication regime
Authors: Karimi Asieh , Jabbari Masoud , Solookinejad Ghahraman 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Graphene offers unique properties such that changing the incident energy density of the carriers by gate voltage leads to alteration of the chemical potential that can be used in light manipulation of photonic devices. In this work, we propose a band-stop filter hybrid graphene nanostructure composed of a graphene layer which is added to a metal–insulator–metal plasmonic waveguide structure. We use the finite element method to numerically calculate the light transmission of the graphene-based structure for adjusting chemical potential of graphene. Our calculations show that with constant structural parameters the observed transmission is modified when the chemical potential of graphene changes. Also, the transmission can be filtered in specific wavelength by controlling the chemical potential. The result shows the filtering at lower wavelengths by increasing the chemical potential. Moreover, the performance of this structure for the different channel width and refractive index of insulator is studied.
Intermodal dispersive waves and soliton collision during multimode supercontinuum generation in chalcogenide glass fiber
Authors: Xing Dengke , He Jiangyong , Wang Pan , Guo Huiyi , Chang Kun , Liu Congcong , Liu Yange , Wang Zhi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Comparing with fused silica fiber, chalcogenide glass fibers are considered as an ideal platform for mid-infrared supercontinuum generation (SCG) because of its higher nonlinear coefficient and wider transparency window. Multimode fiber provides a new way to achieve special spectral characteristics in SCG by introducing intermodal interaction. We investigate the intermodal nonlinear phenomena associated with SCG in multimode chalcogenide fiber by numerically solving multimode generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The results indicate that when the phase matching condition is satisfied, the intermodal interaction leads to the generation of dispersive waves at mid-infrared wavelength. Furthermore, intermodal and intramodal soliton collision are observed, and the bandwidth of the supercontinuum is increased by the intermodal interaction. These results may provide a new way for the generation of mid-infrared supercontinuum light source.
Higher-order rogue waves with controllable fission and asymmetry localized in a (3 + 1)-dimensional generalized Boussinesq equation
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Li Ying 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to report the feasibility of constructing high-order rogue waves with controllable fission and asymmetry for high-dimensional nonlinear evolution equations. Such a nonlinear model considered in this paper as the concrete example is the (3 + 1)-dimensional generalized Boussinesq (gB) equation, and the corresponding method is Zhaqilao’s symbolic computation approach containing two embedded parameters. It is indicated by the (3 + 1)-dimensional gB equation that the embedded parameters can not only control the center of the first-order rogue wave, but also control the number of the wave peaks split from higher-order rogue waves and the asymmetry of higher-order rogue waves about the coordinate axes. The main novelty of this paper is that the obtained results and findings can provide useful supplements to the method used and the controllability of higher-order rogue waves.
The generational divide over climate change among American evangelicals
Authors: Lowe Benjamin S , Jacobson Susan K , Israel Glenn D , Kotcher John E , Rosenthal Seth A , Maibach Edward W , Leiserowitz Anthony 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
As urgency grows to address global warming, younger generations can play a strategic role in mobilizing communities that have generally been more opposed to climate action and policy, such as political and religious conservatives in the United States. American evangelical Protestants—and white evangelicals in particular—are the largest religious group in the U.S. and also the most skeptical of climate science. There is growing interest, however, around whether evangelicals are becoming ‘greener,’ and whether climate attitudes among younger generations are diverging from their elders. We analyze empirical evidence for such generational divides by comparing data from two Climate Change in the American Mind surveys (n = 2332) with a national survey of Generation Z evangelicals (n = 1063). Our results show that young evangelicals are highly likely to say that global warming is happening (89%) and anthropogenic (75%), with approximately a third of young evangelicals doing so despite perceptions that their parents disagree. They are also consistently more likely than older evangelicals to express pro-climate positions on a range of belief and attitudinal measures. The results are more mixed when young evangelicals are compared more broadly with the general American public as well as with Generation Z Americans. Notably, however, young evangelicals are more supportive of climate policies, such as funding renewable energy research, than Americans overall, even though they are also more politically conservative and Republican. These results suggest that a generational ‘greening’ of American evangelicals may indeed be taking place, potentially along with some decoupling of climate attitudes from political identity. This may have major implications for the future of climate action and policy in the United States and beyond.
Engineered Stone Fabrication Work Releases Volatile Organic Compounds Classified as Lung Irritants
Authors: Ramkissoon Chandnee , Gaskin Sharyn , Hall Tony , Pisaniello Dino , Zosky Graeme 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Engineered stones are often characterized for their crystalline silica content. Their organic composition, particularly that of the emissions generated during fabrication work using hand-held power tools, is relatively unexplored. We forensically screened the emissions from dry-cutting 12 engineered stone products in a test chamber for their organic composition by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) plus selected traditional capture and analysis techniques. Phthalic anhydride, which has a Respiratory Sensitization (RSEN) Notation by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), was the most common and abundant compound, at 26–85% of the total organic composition of engineered stone emissions. Benzaldehyde and styrene were also present in all twelve samples. During active cutting, the predominant volatile organic compound (VOC) emitted was styrene, with phthalic anhydride, benzene, ethylbenzene, and toluene also detected. These results have important health implications as styrene and phthalic anhydride are irritants to the respiratory tract. This study suggests a risk of concurrent exposure to high levels of respirable crystalline silica and organic lung irritants during engineered stone fabrication work.
P311 promotes type II transforming growth factor-β receptor mediated fibroblast activation and granulation tissue formation in wound healing
Authors: Wang Jue , Shang Ruoyu , Yang Jiacai , Liu Zhihui , Chen Yunxia , Chen Cheng , Zheng Wenxia , Tang Yuanyang , Zhang Xiaorong , Hu Xiaohong , Huang Yong , Shen Han-Ming , Luo Gaoxing , He Weifeng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
P311, a highly conserved 8 kDa intracellular protein, has recently been reported to play an important role in aggravating hypertrophic scaring by promoting the differentiation and secretion of fibroblasts. Nevertheless, how P311 regulates the differentiation and function of fibroblasts to affect granulation tissue formation remains unclear. In this work, we studied the underlying mechanisms via which P311 affects fibroblasts and promotes acute skin wound repair.

Methods
To explore the role of P311, both in vitro and in vivo wound-healing models were used. Full-thickness skin excisional wounds were made in wild-type and P311−/− C57 adult mice. Wound healing rate, re-epithelialization, granulation tissue formation and collagen deposition were measured at days 3, 6 and 9 after skin injury. The biological phenotypes of fibroblasts, the expression of target proteins and relevant signaling pathways were examined both in vitro and in vivo.

Results
P311 could promote the proliferation and differentiation of fibroblasts, enhance the ability of myofibroblasts to secrete extracellular matrix and promote cell contraction, and then facilitate the formation of granulation tissue and eventually accelerate skin wound closure. Importantly, we discovered that P311 acts via up-regulating the expression of type II transforming growth factor-β receptor (TGF-βRII) in fibroblasts and promoting the activation of the TGF-βRII-Smad signaling pathway. Mechanistically, the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway is closely implicated in the regulation of the TGF-βRII-Smad pathway in fibroblasts mediated by P311.

Conclusions
P311 plays a critical role in activation of the TGF-βRII-Smad pathway to promote fibroblast proliferation and differentiation as well as granulation tissue formation in the process of skin wound repair.
The Oral Microbiome in Treatment-Naïve Paediatric IBD Patients Exhibits Dysbiosis Related to Disease Severity that Resolves Following Therapy
Authors: Elmaghrawy Khalid , Fleming Paddy , Fitzgerald Kirsten , Cooper Sarah , Dominik Anna , Hussey Séamus , Moran Gary P 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
There is a limited literature describing the oral microbiome and its diagnostic potential in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease [IBD].

Methods
We examined the dorsum tongue microbiome by V1–V2 sequencing in a cohort of 156 treatment-naïve children diagnosed with IBD compared to 102 healthy control children. Microbiome changes over time following treatment were examined in a subset of patients and associations between IBD diagnosis and dysbiosis were explored.

Results
Analysis of community structure of the microbiome in tongue samples revealed that IBD samples diverged significantly from healthy control samples [PERMANOVA p = 0.0009] and exhibited a reduced abundance of Clostridia in addition to several major oral genera [Veillonella, Prevotella and Fusobacterium species] with an increased abundance of streptococci. This dysbiosis was more marked in patients with severe disease. Higher levels of the potential pathobionts Klebsiella and Pseudomonas spp. were also associated with IBD. In terms of predicted functions, the IBD oral microbiome was potentially more acidogenic and exhibited reduced capacity for B vitamin biosynthesis. We used a machine learning approach to develop a predictive model of IBD which exhibited a mean-prediction AUC [area under the ROC curve] of 0.762. Finally, we examined a subset of 53 patients following 12 months of therapy and could show resolution of oral dysbiosis as demonstrated by a shift towards a healthy community structure and a significant reduction in oral dysbiosis.

Conclusion
Oral dysbiosis found in children with IBD is related to disease severity and resolves over time following successful IBD treatment.
Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a national study on the association between favourable neurological status and biomarkers of hypoperfusion, inflammation, and organ injury
Authors: Gregers Emilie , Mørk Sivagowry Rasalingam , Linde Louise , Andreasen Jo Bønding , Smerup Morten , Kjærgaard Jesper , Møller-Sørensen Peter Hasse , Holmvang Lene , Christensen Steffen , Terkelsen Christian Juhl , Tang Mariann , Møller Jacob Eifer , Lassen Jens Flensted , Schmidt Henrik , Riber Lars Peter , Winther-Jensen Matilde , Thomassen Sisse , Laugesen Helle , Hassager Christian , Søholm Helle 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Aims
In refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) with prolonged whole-body ischaemia, global tissue injury proceeds even after establishment of circulation with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR). We aimed to investigate the role of biomarkers reflecting hypoperfusion, inflammation, and organ injury in prognostication of patients with refractory OHCA managed with ECPR.

Methods and results
This nationwide retrospective study included 226 adults with refractory OHCA managed with ECPR in Denmark (2011–2020). Biomarkers the first days after ECPR-initiation were assessed. Odds ratio of favourable neurological status (Cerebral Performance Category 1–2) at hospital discharge was estimated by logistic regression analyses. Cut-off values were calculated using the Youden’s index. Fifty-six patients (25%) survived to hospital discharge, 51 (91%) with a favourable neurological status. Factors independently associated with favourable neurological status were low flow time &lt;81 min, admission leukocytes ≥12.8 × 109/L, admission lactate &lt;13.2 mmol/L, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) &lt; 56 (day1) or &lt;55 U/L (day2), and day 1 creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) &lt; 500 ng/mL. Selected biomarkers (leukocytes, C-reactive protein, and lactate) were significantly better predictors of favourable neurological status than classic OHCA-variables (sex, age, low-flow time, witnessed arrest, shockable rhythm) alone (P = 0.001) after hospital admission.

Conclusion
Biomarkers of hypoperfusion (lactate), inflammation (leucocytes), and organ injury (ALP and CK-MB) were independently associated with neurological status at hospital discharge. Biomarkers of hypoperfusion and inflammation (at hospital admission) and organ injury (days 1 and 2 after ECPR) may aid in the clinical decision of when to prolong or terminate ECPR in cases of refractory OHCA.
Recurrent acute coronary syndrome caused by a primary aortic valve sarcoma: grand rounds and literature review
Authors: Parent Martine , Lachapelle Kevin , Issa-Chergui Badia , Alcindor Thierry , Genest Jacques , Mousavi Negareh 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Malignant tumours of the aortic valve apparatus are extremely rare and difficult to diagnose. Their proximity to the coronary ostium may cause an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) either by infiltration or by embolization.

Case summary
We report a case of primary aortic valve undifferentiated sarcoma causing recurrent episodes of ACS, and we provide a literature review for primary cardiac valve tumours. This case also highlights the need for further evaluation of other causes of ACS in patients with minimal coronary artery disease risk factors and recurrent ACS.

Conclusions
The majority of valve tumours are fibroelastomas. Sarcomas are rare and lead to poor outcomes.
Use of artificial intelligence by novice users to enable accurate point-of-care echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Dadon Z , Orlev A , Steinmetz Y , Butnaru A , Rosenmann D , Wolak A , Glikson M , Gottlieb S , Alpert E A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is now universal in the hands of non-experts. However, the results are usually binary (normal/abnormal) but not necessarily specific. Artificial intelligence (AI) is currently used by non-experts in different imaging modalities including echocardiography to aid in diagnosis and decision making.

Aim
To prospectively evaluate whether medical students trained in POCUS and using an AI based assessment tool can accurately evaluate the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of patients hospitalized in the cardiology department.

Methods
Nine medical students were trained in a 6-hrs session that included lectures and hands-on practice. Participants used a hand-held ultrasound machine (VScan Extend) equipped with LVivoEF, an AI-based tool that automatically evaluates LVEF. The clips were assessed for LVEF by three methods: visually by the students, students plus the AI-based tool, and experienced cardiologists. All LVEF measurements were compared with the gold-standard (a formal echocardiogram completed within 24-hrs with the Simpson method and LVEF eyeball assessment by two blinded fellowship-trained echocardiographers).

Results
The study included 88 patients, (aged 58.3±16.3 yrs, mean BMI 28.3±4.4 kg/m2). Comparing LVEF (continuous values) reported by medical students' visual evaluation, medical students plus AI, and cardiologists vs. the echocardiographers values, revealed Pearson correlations of 0.32 (p=0.003), 0.67 (p&lt;0.0001), and 0.73 (p&lt;0.0001), respectively. The agreements between these three evaluation methods and the echocardiographers, assessed at different LVEF categorical thresholds (at 50% and 40%), using kappa coefficient are presented (Figure 1).

Conclusion
Medical student use of an AI-based tool with a hand-held ultrasound device can improve their LVEF visual assessment to a level of experienced cardiologists. In addition, the use of AI enabled achieving a moderate to substantial inter-rater reliability with echocardiographers' evaluation. This AI tool can be successfully utilized as a decision support tool for POCUS LVEF evaluation by non-experts.

Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
Signals for reduced cognitive function are associated with subtle signs of atrial cardiomyopathy and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction – insights from a large population based study
Authors: Camen S , Nagel L , Bei Der Kellen R , Barow E , Schneider J N , Blankenberg S , Kirchhof P , Wenzel J P , Thomalla G , Schnabel R B 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background/Introduction
In recent years, it has been proposed that a thrombogenic atrial substrate due to various alterations in (left) atrial morphology and function could contribute to atrial thromboembolism even in the absence of (clinically overt) atrial fibrillation. This so-called atrial cardiomyopathy may pose a risk of stroke and cognitive decline beyond the presence of atrial fibrillation.

Purpose
To define the association of echocardiographic parameters of left atrial cardiomyopathy and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction with cognitive function in individuals free of clinically overt atrial fibrillation or stroke.

Methods
Data from the first 10,000 participants of a large German population-based cohort study were analysed. Of these, 8264 individuals underwent standardized transthoracic echocardiography and cognitive function testing at baseline. Parameters of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function as well as left atrial function were systematically assessed, including left atrial global peak strain. Cognitive function was quantified using the Animal Naming Test and the Trail Making Test A and B. We performed linear regression analyses with incremental adjustment to examine the association of echocardiographic parameters with the performance on the neuropsychological tests.

Results
After exclusion of 463 individuals with known AF and 309 individuals with prior/known stroke or severe depression, 7492 individuals were analysed (mean age 61.9±8.4 years, 52.3% women, median left ventricular ejection fraction 59% [25th/75th percentile 56/62%], median left atrial volume index 25.0 ml/m2 [25th/75th percentile 20/30 ml/m2]). In multivariable-adjusted analyses, E/e'-ratio was significantly associated with a worse performance on the Animal Naming Test (−0.24 per one standard deviation [SD] increase, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.42 to −0.06), the Trail Making Test A (0.76 per one SD increase, 95% CI 0.35–1.17) and B (1.1 per one SD increase, 95% CI 0.09–2.11). Left atrial strain was associated with worse performance on Trail Making Test B (−1.39 per one SD increase, 95% CI −2.46 to −0.32). Increased left atrial volume index was associated with worse performance on the ANT (0.2, 95% CI 0.03–0.37).

Conclusions
Subtle echocardiographic signs of atrial cardiomyopathy and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction are associated with worse performance on cognitive function tests in a German middle-aged population.

Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): The Hamburg City Health Study (HCHS) is supported by the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf and by various grants from different institutions/organizations.
Correlation and prognostic ability of admission lung ultrasound and late peak atrial longitudinal strain in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Miglioranza M H M , Araujo G N D , Scolari F L S , Machado G P M , Menegazzo W R M , Rosa V F R , Niches M N , Silveira A D S , Camelli M C , Piediscalzi M P , Carrucola M C , Pastore C M P , Fuchs F C C , Rohde L E R , Wainstein M V W 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Acute heart failure is common after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), leading to lung congestion. Speckle tracking echocardiography has increased sensitivity to detect subclinical myocardial compliance disorders and may help to better understand the physiopathology in this setting.

Purpose
This study sought to determine the correlation and prognostic ability of admission lung congestion evaluated by lung ultrasound (LUS) and peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS) performed after the acute phase of STEMI.

Methods
This was a prospective cohort of STEMI patients treated in a tertiary care hospital. LUS was performed by two independent operators before primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Our protocol consisted of eight scanning sites, which were considered positive for congestion if there were three or more B-lines in at least one site. Echocardiography was performed in all patients 2–4 days after STEMI, and the images were interpreted offline by two operators blinded to LUS findings. PALS &lt;30 was considered abnormally reduced atrial contraction. Major cardiovascular events (MACE) were considered as new myocardial infarction, stroke or death in 30 days.

Results
Of the 339 patients admitted with STEMI, 208 (61%) performed LUS and had interpretable PALS. The mean age was 61 (±12) years and 65% were male. Lung congestion was present in 48% patients. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 49%, 21% of patients had EF&lt;40%. Pearson correlation between the number of positive LUS sites and PALS was 0.18 (P=0.029). A subanalysis including only patients with left ventricle ejection fraction &gt;50% showed similar results (correlation 0.10, P=0.349). All 10 (5%) patients with unsuccessful primary PCI had PALS &lt;30. No patients with PALS&gt;30 experienced 30-day MACE, while patients with PALS &lt;30 with and without lung congestion had 1.6% and 13.8% 30-day MACE, respectively.

Conclusion
In a cohort of STEMI patients, the correlation of positive LUS sites and the PALS was low. Impaired PALS was associated with unsuccessful primary PCI, while normal PALS was associated with uneventful follow-up. The PALS assessment in addition to LUS profile was able to identify patients at higher risk for MACE. Although timing difference between lung ultrasound and echocardiography is a limitation of this analysis, our findings are consistent with the “lung water cascade theory”.

Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.