bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silver diamine fluoride, atraumatic restorations, and oral health-related quality of life in children aged 5–13 years: results from the CariedAway school-based cluster randomized trial
Authors: Ruff Ryan Richard , Barry Godín Tamarinda J. , Small Topaz Murray , Niederman Richard 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a non-surgical treatment for the arrest and prevention of dental caries that results in irreversible black staining of dental decay. The objective of this study was to evaluate the short-term impact of SDF treatment on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) relative to a standard package of glass ionomer sealants and atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) in children aged 5–13 years.

Methods
CariedAway is a pragmatic, longitudinal, cluster-randomized non-inferiority trial of non-surgical interventions for caries. Secondary study outcomes included OHRQoL and academic performance. Oral health-related quality of life was measured at each study visit using the Child Oral Health Impact Profile. Change in OHRQoL was assessed using linear regression and non-inferiority was determined using t tests.

Results
160 children with an average age of 8.7 years completed quality of life assessments. Untreated decay at baseline (approximately 25%) was associated with significantly worse OHRQoL and treatment in both groups resulted in incremental improvement: children receiving SDF improved their OHRQoL scores from 16.44 (SD = 11.12) to 14.62 (SD = 11.90), and those receiving traditional sealants and atraumatic restorations slightly improved from 16.65 (SD = 10.56) to 16.47 (SD = 11.09). Quality of life in children receiving silver diamine fluoride was non-inferior to those receiving sealants and ART at least 6 months post-treatment (mean difference = 1.85, 95% CI = − 2.10, 5.80), and change in OHRQoL did not depend on the severity of baseline decay.

Conclusions
OHRQoL is related to untreated dental caries, and observed changes following SDF treatment were non-inferior relative to standard preventive therapies.
Evaluating quality of care at the end of life and setting best practice performance standards: a population-based observational study using linked routinely collected administrative databases
Authors: Oosterveld-Vlug Mariska G. , Heins Marianne J. , Boddaert Manon S. A. , Engels Yvonne , Heide Agnes van der , Onwuteaka-Philipsen Bregje D. , Reyners Anna K. L. , Francke Anneke L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
A high percentage of people dying at home, and a low percentage of people being admitted to hospital and dying there are regarded as indicators of appropriate care at the end of life. However, performance standards for these quality indicators are often lacking, which makes it difficult to state whether an indicator score falls between the ranges of good or poor quality care. The aim of this study was to assess quality indicators concerning place of death and hospital care utilization in people with diseases relevant for palliative care, and to establish best practice performance standards based on indicator scores in 31 regions in the Netherlands.

Methods
A retrospective nationwide population-based observational study was conducted, using routinely collected administrative data concerning persons who died in 2017 in the Netherlands with underlying causes relevant for palliative care (N = 109,707). Data from four registries were linked for analysis. Scores on eight quality indicators concerning place of death and hospital care utilization were calculated, and compared across 31 healthcare insurance regions to establish relative benchmarks.

Results
On average, 36.4% of the study population died at home (range between regions 30.5%-42.6%) and 20.4% in hospital (range 16.6%-25.5%). Roughly half of the population who received hospital care at any time in the last year of life were found to (also) receive hospital care in the last month of life. In the last month, 32.0% of the study population were admitted to hospital (range 29.4-36.4%), 5.3% to an Intensive Care Unit (range 3.2-6.9%) and 23.9% visited an Emergency Department (range 21.0-27.4%). In the same time period, less than 1% of the study population was resuscitated in hospital or received tube or intravenous feeding in hospital.

Conclusions
The variation between regions points towards opportunities for practice improvement. The best practice performance standards as set in this study serve as ambitious but attainable targets for those regions that currently do not meet the standards. Policymakers, healthcare providers and researchers can use the suggested performance standards to further analyze causes of variance between regions and develop and test interventions that can improve practice.
Role of SPAK–NKCC1 signaling cascade in the choroid plexus blood–CSF barrier damage after stroke
Authors: Wang Jun , Liu Ruijia , Hasan Md Nabiul , Fischer Sydney , Chen Yang , Como Matt , Fiesler Victoria M. , Bhuiyan Mohammad Iqbal H. , Dong Shuying , Li Eric , Kahle Kristopher T. , Zhang Jinwei , Deng Xianming , Subramanya Arohan R. , Begum Gulnaz , Yin Yan , Sun Dandan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The mechanisms underlying dysfunction of choroid plexus (ChP) blood–cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier and lymphocyte invasion in neuroinflammatory responses to stroke are not well understood. In this study, we investigated whether stroke damaged the blood–CSF barrier integrity due to dysregulation of major ChP ion transport system, Na+–K+–Cl− cotransporter 1 (NKCC1), and regulatory Ste20-related proline-alanine-rich kinase (SPAK).

Methods
Sham or ischemic stroke was induced in C57Bl/6J mice. Changes on the SPAK–NKCC1 complex and tight junction proteins (TJs) in the ChP were quantified by immunofluorescence staining and immunoblotting. Immune cell infiltration in the ChP was assessed by flow cytometry and immunostaining. Cultured ChP epithelium cells (CPECs) and cortical neurons were used to evaluate H2O2-mediated oxidative stress in stimulating the SPAK–NKCC1 complex and cellular damage. In vivo or in vitro pharmacological blockade of the ChP SPAK–NKCC1 cascade with SPAK inhibitor ZT-1a or NKCC1 inhibitor bumetanide were examined.

Results
Ischemic stroke stimulated activation of the CPECs apical membrane SPAK–NKCC1 complex, NF-κB, and MMP9, which was associated with loss of the blood–CSF barrier integrity and increased immune cell infiltration into the ChP. Oxidative stress directly activated the SPAK–NKCC1 pathway and resulted in apoptosis, neurodegeneration, and NKCC1-mediated ion influx. Pharmacological blockade of the SPAK–NKCC1 pathway protected the ChP barrier integrity, attenuated ChP immune cell infiltration or neuronal death.

Conclusion
Stroke-induced pathological stimulation of the SPAK–NKCC1 cascade caused CPECs damage and disruption of TJs at the blood–CSF barrier. The ChP SPAK–NKCC1 complex emerged as a therapeutic target for attenuating ChP dysfunction and lymphocyte invasion after stroke.
Minimally invasive anterolateral approach versus direct anterior approach total hip arthroplasty in the supine position: a prospective study based on early postoperative outcomes
Authors: Liu Hongwen , Yin Li , Li Jiao , Liu Shaojiang , Tao Qifeng , Xu Jie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Minimally anterolateral approach (MAA) and direct anterior approach (DAA) have been reported as beneficial for total hip arthroplasty (THA) due to their ability to reduce postoperative pain and lead to quicker rehabilitation by preserving muscle insertions. As there is an ongoing debate on the effect of these two approaches on early postoperative outcomes, this prospective study aimed to assess the difference in early clinical, radiological, and patient-reported outcomes between the two minimally invasive approaches.

Methods
A total of 98 patients, 50 in the MAA group and 48 in the DAA group, were included in the study. Patients with complete data were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively at 2, 6, and 12 weeks. Clinical measurements, including the ability to climb stairs and walk, 6-min walk test (6MWT), the Forgotten Joint Scale (FJS-12), Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) Hip scores, radiological evaluation, and complications were analyzed.

Results
There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes and implant alignments between MAA and DAA groups. In regards to patient-reported outcomes, the FJS-12 was significantly higher in the MAA group compared to group DAA at 2 and 6 weeks postoperatively. However, there was no significant difference in the FJS-12 between the two groups 12 weeks after surgery. The differences also included shorter operative times (62.4 ± 9.05 min vs. 71 ± 8.01 min), less blood loss (132.6 ± 43.31 ml vs. 159.23 ± 37.25 ml), lower Hb drop (29.56 ± 8.02 g/L vs. 36.4 ± 7.12 g/L), and fewer blood transfusions in the MAA group (4.0% vs. 18.8%). The incidence of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) neuropraxia after surgery was 7 (14.6%) in the DAA group and 0 in the MAA group. One fracture was found in each group and managed conservatively.

Conclusion
MAA and DAA approach yielded excellent and similar early clinical outcomes. However, better patient-reported outcomes could be achieved by MAA THA. The MAA resulted in a safer approach associated with shorter operative times, less blood loss, lower Hb drop, fewer blood transfusions, and LFCN neuropraxia than DAA. A longer follow-up is needed to further examine differences between these procedures.
TE Density: a tool to investigate the biology of transposable elements
Authors: Teresi Scott J. , Teresi Michael B. , Edger Patrick P. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Transposable elements (TEs) are powerful creators of genotypic and phenotypic diversity due to their inherent mutagenic capabilities and in this way they serve as a deep reservoir of sequences for genomic variation. As agents of genetic disruption, a TE’s potential to impact phenotype is partially a factor of its location in the genome. Previous research has shown TEs’ ability to impact the expression of neighboring genes, however our understanding of this trend is hampered by the exceptional amount of diversity in the TE world, and a lack of publicly available computational methods that quantify the presence of TEs relative to genes.

Results
Here, we have developed a tool to more easily quantify TE presence relative to genes through the use of only a gene and TE annotation, yielding a new metric we call TE Density. Briefly defined as the proportion of TE-occupied base-pairs relative to a window-size of the genome. This new pipeline reports TE density for each gene in the genome, for each type descriptor of TE (order and superfamily), and for multiple positions and distances relative to the gene (upstream, intragenic, and downstream) over sliding, user-defined windows. In this way, we overcome previous limitations to the study of TE-gene relationships by focusing on all TE types present in the genome, utilizing flexible genomic distances for measurement, and reporting a TE presence metric for every gene in the genome.

Conclusions
Together, this new tool opens up new avenues for studying TE-gene relationships, genome architecture, comparative genomics, and the tremendous diversity present of the TE world. TE Density is open-source and freely available at: https://github.com/sjteresi/TE_Density.
External chest-wall compression in prolonged COVID-19 ARDS with low-compliance: a physiological study
Authors: Bastia Luca , Rezoagli Emanuele , Guarnieri Marcello , Engelberts Doreen , Forlini Clarissa , Marrazzo Francesco , Spina Stefano , Bassi Gabriele , Giudici Riccardo , Post Martin , Bellani Giacomo , Fumagalli Roberto , Brochard Laurent J. , Langer Thomas 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
External chest-wall compression (ECC) is sometimes used in ARDS patients despite lack of evidence. It is currently unknown whether this practice has any clinical benefit in patients with COVID-19 ARDS (C-ARDS) characterized by a respiratory system compliance (Crs) < 35 mL/cmH2O.

Objectives
To test if an ECC with a 5 L-bag in low-compliance C-ARDS can lead to a reduction in driving pressure (DP) and improve gas exchange, and to understand the underlying mechanisms.

Methods
Eleven patients with low-compliance C-ARDS were enrolled and underwent 4 steps: baseline, ECC for 60 min, ECC discontinuation and PEEP reduction. Respiratory mechanics, gas exchange, hemodynamics and electrical impedance tomography were recorded. Four pigs with acute ARDS were studied with ECC to understand the effect of ECC on pleural pressure gradient using pleural pressure transducers in both non-dependent and dependent lung regions.

Results
Five minutes of ECC reduced DP from baseline 14.2 ± 1.3 to 12.3 ± 1.3 cmH2O (P < 0.001), explained by an improved lung compliance. Changes in DP by ECC were strongly correlated with changes in DP obtained with PEEP reduction (R2 = 0.82, P < 0.001). The initial benefit of ECC decreased over time (DP = 13.3 ± 1.5 cmH2O at 60 min, P = 0.03 vs. baseline). Gas exchange and hemodynamics were unaffected by ECC. In four pigs with lung injury, ECC led to a decrease in the pleural pressure gradient at end-inspiration [2.2 (1.1–3) vs. 3.0 (2.2–4.1) cmH2O, P = 0.035].

Conclusions
In C-ARDS patients with Crs < 35 mL/cmH2O, ECC acutely reduces DP. ECC does not improve oxygenation but it can be used as a simple tool to detect hyperinflation as it improves Crs and reduces Ppl gradient. ECC benefits seem to partially fade over time. ECC produces similar changes compared to PEEP reduction.
Virome in the cloaca of wild and breeding birds revealed a diversity of significant viruses
Authors: Shan Tongling , Yang Shixing , Wang Haoning , Wang Hao , Zhang Ju , Gong Ga , Xiao Yuqing , Yang Jie , Wang Xiaolong , Lu Juan , Zhao Min , Yang Zijun , Lu Xiang , Dai Ziyuan , He Yumin , Chen Xu , Zhou Rui , Yao Yuxin , Kong Ning , Zeng Jian , Ullah Kalim , Wang Xiaochun , Shen Quan , Deng Xutao , Zhang Jianmin , Delwart Eric , Tong Guangzhi , Zhang Wen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Wild birds may harbor and transmit viruses that are potentially pathogenic to humans, domestic animals, and other wildlife.

Results
Using the viral metagenomic approach, we investigated the virome of cloacal swab specimens collected from 3182 birds (the majority of them wild species) consisting of > 87 different species in 10 different orders within the Aves classes. The virus diversity in wild birds was higher than that in breeding birds. We acquired 707 viral genomes from 18 defined families and 4 unclassified virus groups, with 265 virus genomes sharing < 60% protein sequence identities with their best matches in GenBank comprising new virus families, genera, or species. RNA viruses containing the conserved RdRp domain with no phylogenetic affinity to currently defined virus families existed in different bird species. Genomes of the astrovirus, picornavirus, coronavirus, calicivirus, parvovirus, circovirus, retrovirus, and adenovirus families which include known avian pathogens were fully characterized. Putative cross-species transmissions were observed with viruses in wild birds showing > 95% amino acid sequence identity to previously reported viruses in domestic poultry. Genomic recombination was observed for some genomes showing discordant phylogenies based on structural and non-structural regions. Mapping the next-generation sequencing (NGS) data respectively against the 707 genomes revealed that these viruses showed distribution pattern differences among birds with different habitats (breeding or wild), orders, and sampling sites but no significant differences between birds with different behavioral features (migratory and resident).

Conclusions
The existence of a highly diverse virome highlights the challenges in elucidating the evolution, etiology, and ecology of viruses in wild birds.
Modulating the electrocatalytic activity of N-doped carbon frameworks via coupling with dual metals for Zn–air batteries
Authors: Park Jung Hyun , Shin Jae-Hoon , Ju Jong-Min , Lee Jun-Hyeong , Choi Chanhee , So Yoonhee , Lee Hyunji , Kim Jong-Ho 
Published: April 2022

AbstractN-Doped carbon electrocatalysts are a promising alternative to precious metal catalysts to promote oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, it remains a challenge to design the desired active sites on carbon skeletons in a controllable manner for ORR. Herein, we developed a facile approach based on oxygen-mediated solvothermal radical reaction (OSRR) for preparation of N-doped carbon electrocatalysts with a pre-designed active site and modulated catalytic activity for ORR. In the OSRR, 2-methylimidazole reacted with Co and Mn salts to form an active site precursor (MnCo-MIm) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) at room temperature. Then, the reaction temperature increased to 140 °C under an oxygen atmosphere to generate NMP radicals, followed by their polymerization with the pre-formed MnCo-MIm to produce Mn-coupled Co nanoparticle-embedded N-doped carbon framework (MnCo-NCF). The MnCo-NCF showed uniform dispersion of nitrogen atoms and Mn-doped Co nanoparticles on the carbon skeleton with micropores and mesopores. The MnCo-NCF exhibited higher electrocatalytic activity for ORR than did a Co nanoparticle only-incorporated carbon framework due to the improved charge transfer from the Mn-doped Co nanoparticles to the carbon skeleton. In addition, the Zn–air battery assembled with MnCo-NCF had superior performance and durability to the battery using commercial Pt/C. This facile approach can be extended for designing carbon electrocatalysts with desired active sites to promote specific reactions.
Graphical Abstract
The role of epistemological beliefs in STEM faculty’s decisions to use culturally relevant pedagogy at Hispanic-Serving Institutions
Authors: Shultz Mollee , Nissen Jayson , Close Eleanor , Van Dusen Ben 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe growing understanding of the oppressive inequities that exist in postsecondary education has led to an increasing need for culturally relevant pedagogy. Researchers have found evidence that beliefs about the nature of knowledge predict pedagogical practices. Culturally relevant pedagogy supports students in ways that leverage students’ own cultures through three tenets: academic success, cultural competence, and sociopolitical consciousness. If STEM practitioners believe that their disciplines are culture-free, they may not enact culturally relevant pedagogy in their courses. We investigated how and in what forms 40 faculty from mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology departments at Hispanic-Serving Institutions enacted culturally relevant pedagogy. We used the framework of practical rationality to understand how epistemological beliefs about the nature of their discipline combined with their institutional context impacted instructors’ decision to enact practices aligning with the three tenets of culturally relevant pedagogy.ResultsIn total, 35 instructors reported using practices that aligned with the academic success tenet, nine instructors with the cultural competence tenet, and one instructor with the sociopolitical consciousness tenet. Instructors expressed and even lauded their disciplines’ separation from culture while simultaneously expressing instructional decisions that aligned with culturally relevant pedagogy. Though never asked directly, six instructors made statements reflecting a “culture-free” belief about knowledge in their discipline such as “To me, mathematics has no color.” Five of those instructors also described altering their teaching in ways that aligned with the academic success tenet. The framework of practical rationality helped explain how the instructors’ individual obligation (to the needs of individual students) and interpersonal obligation (to the social environment of the classroom) played a role in those decisions.ConclusionsInstructors’ ability to express two contradictory views may indicate that professional development does not have to change an instructor’s epistemological beliefs about their discipline to convince them of the value of enacting culturally relevant pedagogy. We propose departmental changes that could enable instructors to decide to cultivate students’ cultural competence and sociopolitical consciousness. Our findings highlight the need for future research investigating the impacts of culturally relevant pedagogical content knowledge on students’ experiences.
Dietary fat intake and quality in long-term care residents in two cohorts assessed 10 years apart
Authors: Jyväkorpi Satu K. , Suominen Merja H. , Strandberg Timo E. , Salminen Karoliina , Niskanen Riikka T. , Roitto Hanna-Maria , Saarela Riitta K. T. , Pitkälä Kaisu H. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To describe and compare detailed dietary fat intake, fat quality and associative factors between two measuring points 10 years apart of residents living in long-term care facilities, and to reflect how fat composition and fat quality corresponds to current nutrition recommendations.

Methods
In 2007 long-term care residents (n = 374) of 25 assisted-living facilities and nursing homes and in 2017–18 long-term care residents (n = 486) of 17 respective facilities in Helsinki metropolitan area were recruited for this study. Information on the residents’ heights, demographic information and use of calcium and vitamin D supplementation were retrieved from medical records. Residents’ clinical assessment included Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and questionnaire related to nutrition care. Participants’ energy and fat intake were determined from 1--2-day food diaries kept by the ward nurses, and fat quality indicators calculated.

Results
Age, gender distribution, MNA score or body mass index did not differ between the two cohorts. Residents’ cognitive status, subjective health and mobility were poorer in 2017 compared to 2007. Total fat and saturated fatty acid (SFA) intakes were higher and fat quality indicators lower in the 2017 cohort residents than in the 2007 cohort residents. Sugar intake, male gender, eating independently, eating larger amounts and not having dry mouth predicted higher SFA intake in the 2017 cohort.

Conclusions
The fat quality in long-term care residents in our study worsened in spite of official recommendations between the two measurement points.