bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personality and leadership: how gender impacts perceptions of effectiveness
Authors: Snow Andrade Maureen 
Published: September 2022

Purpose
Personality traits impact how leaders are perceived and how leaders perceive themselves. These views are subject to gender biases and stereotypes. This practitioner study aims to integrate leadership theories with research on agentic and communal personality qualities and the Big Five personality traits to establish how these impact perceptions of leader effectiveness.

Design/methodology/approach
Behavioral leadership theory and personality trait research offer insights into gender biases related to perceptions of leaders and leaders’ self-efficacy. This paper examines the literature in these areas to show how it informs the practice of leadership and the degree to which gender stereotypes are changing.

Findings
The review examines salient leadership qualities for women and men, finding that agentic qualities are still largely associated with men and communal qualities with women. It also illustrates that conscientiousness, openness to experience and extraversion are associated with leadership emergence for both genders but impact leader self-efficacy in different ways.

Originality/value
This paper integrates research to draw conclusions about how personality traits are gendered and how gender impacts perceptions of leader effectiveness.
Efficacy and safety of apremilast and phototherapy versus phototherapy only in psoriasis vulgaris
Authors: Morita Akimichi , Yamaguchi Yukie , Tateishi Chiharu , Ikumi Kyoko , Yamamoto Aya , Nishihara Haruna , Hayashi Daisuke , Watanabe Yukihiko , Watanabe Yuko , Maruyama Ayano , Masuda Koji , Tsuruta Daisuke , Katoh Norito 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPhototherapy and apremilast (oral phosphodiesterase‐4 inhibitor) are well‐known in the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis vulgaris. However, current evidence on the efficacy and safety of their combination is not sufficient. This multicenter, randomized controlled study compared the efficacy and safety between phototherapy as monotherapy and phototherapy and apremilast as combination therapy in patients with psoriasis vulgaris. Patients with moderate to severe psoriasis vulgaris were assigned to combination (n = 29) and monotherapy (n = 13) groups. All patients underwent an 8‐week phototherapy regimen comprising irradiation with narrowband UV‐B. The patients in the combination group were also administered 10 mg to 60 mg of oral apremilast. We evaluated the improvement percentage based on the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score from baseline to week 8. Additionally, we evaluated the percentage of patients who achieved ≥75% improvement; changes in body surface area (BSA) and scores of EuroQol 5‐dimensions 5‐level, Dermatology Life Quality Index, and visual analog scale for pruritis from baseline to 4 and 8 weeks; and adverse events. Compared with the monotherapy group, the combination group had significantly lower PASI scores at 4 and 8 weeks and more patients who achieved a PASI score improvement of ≥75% at 8 weeks. Both groups exhibited a significant decrease in BSA; at 8 weeks, no significant difference was observed between the two groups, although the combination group tended toward a greater reduction in BSA. The intergroup differences in the changes at the three time points were not significant. Adverse events were more frequent in the combination group than in the monotherapy group. Our findings suggest that an 8‐week combined apremilast and phototherapy regimen may not be adequate in patients for improvements in their subjective assessment of psoriasis, and longer treatment periods may be necessary.
Novel and classical morbilliviruses: Current knowledge of three divergent morbillivirus groups
Authors: Seki Fumio , Takeda Makoto 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCurrently, seven species of morbillivirus have been classified. Six of these species (Measles morbillivirus, Rinderpest morbillivirus, Small ruminant morbillivirus, Canine morbillivirus, Phocine morbillivirus, and Cetacean morbillivirus) are highly infectious and cause serious systemic diseases in humans, livestock, domestic dogs, and wild animals. These species commonly use the host proteins signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) and nectin‐4 as receptors, and this usage contributes to their virulence. The seventh species (Feline morbillivirus: FeMV) is phylogenetically divergent from the six SLAM‐using species. FeMV differs from the SLAM‐using morbillivirus group in pathogenicity and infectivity, and is speculated to use non‐SLAM receptors. Recently, novel species of morbilliviruses have been discovered in bats, rodents, and domestic pigs. Because the ability to use SLAM and nectin‐4 is closely related to the infectivity and pathogenicity of morbilliviruses, investigation of the potential usage of these receptors is useful for estimating infectivity and pathogenicity. The SLAM‐binding sites in the receptor‐binding protein show high similarity among the SLAM‐using morbilliviruses. This feature may help to estimate whether novel morbillivirus species can use SLAM as a receptor. A novel morbillivirus species isolated from wild mice diverged from the classified morbilliviruses in the phylogenetic tree, forming a third group separate from the SLAM‐using morbillivirus group and FeMV. This suggests that the novel rodent morbillivirus may exhibit a different risk from the SLAM‐using morbillivirus group, and analyses of its viral pathogenicity and infectivity toward humans are warranted.
Fulfilment: Crisis, discontinuity and the dark side of education
Authors: Friesen Norm , Hölterhof Tobias 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Oxford English Dictionary defines fulfilment as ‘satisfaction or happiness as a result of fully developing one's potential or realizing one's aspirations; self-fulfillment’. Not only has the idea of fulfilment underpinned ‘approximately twenty centuries of philosophy’ as Lefebvre notes, it plays an indispensable role in both popular and scholarly accounts of education and upbringing. Experiences of education, of upbringing and of ‘life lessons’, however, are so often not about the fulfilment of oneself, about the discovery and actualisation of one's full potential. Such experiences instead involve moments of sometimes irreparable failure and loss—a matter that has not received a great deal of attention in educational research and theory. After briefly examining the way that fulfilment is favourably framed both in humanistic psychology and in neo-humanist Bildungstheorie, this paper considers some of the exceptions to the nearly ubiquitous identification of education with fulfilment: Arthur Schopenhauer's view of the irrationality of human (developmental) experience and Ludwig Wittgenstein's use of the term ‘conditioning’ (Abrichtung) in some of his accounts of learning and socialisation. We then focus on failure and loss in education through an overview of the pedagogical theory of O.F. Bollnow. Bollnow, as is gradually being recognised in English-language scholarship, saw moments of uncertainty, disorientation and above all crisis as indispensable in educational experience—for both student and teacher. In this way, we show that instead of being the pursuit of self-fulfilment, education is unavoidably a matter of difficulty, disruption and also failure. It reshapes us, and this reshaping can be seen as being as much about formation as it is about deformation.
Formation characteristics of long‐term memory in Bactrocera dorsalis
Authors: Yu Jin‐Xin , Hui Yan‐Min , Xue Jun‐Ao , Qu Jia‐Bao , Ling Si‐Quan , Wang Wei , Zeng Xin‐Nian , Liu Jia‐Li 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStudies on insects have contributed significantly to a better understanding of learning and memory, which is a necessary cognitive capability for all animals. Although the formation of memory has been studied in some model insects, more evidence is required to clarify the characteristics of memory formation, especially long‐term memory (LTM), which is important for reliably storing information. Here, we explored this question by examining Bactrocera dorsalis, an agricultural pest with excellent learning abilities. Using the classical conditioning paradigm of the olfactory proboscis extension reflex (PER), we found that paired conditioning with multiple trials (>3) spaced with an intertrial interval (≥10 min) resulted in stable memory that lasted for at least 3 d. Furthermore, even a single conditioning trial was sufficient for the formation of a 2‐d memory. With the injection of protein inhibitors, protein‐synthesis‐dependent memory was confirmed to start 4 h after training, and its dependence on translation and transcription differed. Moreover, the results revealed that the dependence of memory on protein translation exhibited a time‐window effect (4–6 h). Our findings provide an integrated view of LTM in insects, suggesting common mechanisms in LTM formation that play a key role in the biological basis of memory.
Effect of sedative drug zolpidem tartrate on the development rate ofSarcophaga (Boettcherisca) peregrina(Diptera: Sarcophagidae)
Authors: Al‐Mekhlafi Fahd A. , Al‐Khalifa Mohammed S. , Wadaan Muhammad A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractApplied entomotoxicology is the study of toxicants found in carrion insects and other matter, such as frass especially when body fluids or tissues cannot be used. The use of necropsy insects in medical and criminal investigations to detect toxicants has been done successfully. This study investigated the effect of the sedative drug zolpedim tartrate on the developmental rate and morphological parameters of the feeding and non‐feeding stages of the carrion insectSarcophaga peregrinaRobineau‐Desvoidy. Five cultures were prepared‐one control and four cultures containing different concentrations of zolpidem tartrate (1, 2, 3, and 4 ppm). A total of 80 larvae were kept in each culture and provided with finely chopped liver containing the respective concentrations daily. The results obtained showed significant variations in the morphological parameters of the feeding and non‐feeding stages, and negatively correlated with the concentrations compared with the control. The developmental time of the feeding and non‐feeding stages positively correlated with the concentration of zolpidem tartrate. The results obtained indicate that zolpidem tartrate retards larval development and alters the estimation of the total developmental duration. When analyzing the entomological evidence of whether zolpidem tartrate may be responsible for death, it is important to consider its effects on PMI estimation.
Quantitative monitoring of diverse fish communities on a large scale combining eDNA metabarcoding and qPCR
Authors: Pont Didier , Meulenbroek Paul , Bammer Vincenz , Dejean Tony , Erős Tibor , Jean Pauline , Lenhardt Mirjana , Nagel Christoffer , Pekarik Ladislav , Schabuss Michael , Stoeckle Bernhard C. , Stoica Elena , Zornig Horst , Weigand Alexander , Valentini Alice 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is an effective method for studying fish communities but allows only an estimation of relative species abundance (density/biomass). Here, we combine metabarcoding with an estimation of the total abundance of eDNA amplified by our universal marker (teleo) using a quantitative (q)PCR approach to infer the absolute abundance of fish species. We carried out a 2850‐km eDNA survey within the Danube catchment using a spatial integrative sampling protocol coupled with traditional electrofishing for fish biomass and density estimation. Total fish eDNA concentrations and total fish abundance were highly correlated. The correlation between eDNA concentrations per taxon and absolute specific abundance was of comparable strength when all sites were pooled and remained significant when the sites were considered separately. Furthermore, a nonlinear mixed model showed that species richness was underestimated when the amount of teleo‐DNA extracted from a sample was below a threshold of 0.65 × 106 copies of eDNA. This result, combined with the decrease in teleo‐DNA concentration by several orders of magnitude with river size, highlights the need to increase sampling effort in large rivers. Our results provide a comprehensive description of longitudinal changes in fish communities and underline our combined metabarcoding/qPCR approach for biomonitoring and bioassessment surveys when a rough estimate of absolute species abundance is sufficient.
Perceived stress and semen quality
Authors: Lund Katrine H. , Laursen Anne Sofie D. , Grønborg Therese K. , Toft Gunnar , Jacobsen Bjarke H. , Wang Tanran R. , Wesselink Amelia K. , Hatch Elizabeth E. , Sommer Greg J. , Eisenberg Michael L. , Rothman Kenneth J. , Sørensen Henrik T. , Wise Lauren A. , Mikkelsen Ellen M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundPsychological stress is prevalent among reproductive‐aged men. Assessment of semen quality for epidemiological studies is challenging as data collection is expensive and cumbersome, and studies evaluating the effect of perceived stress on semen quality are inconsistent.ObjectiveTo examine the association between perceived stress and semen quality.Material and methodsWe analyzed baseline data on 644 men (1,159 semen samples) from two prospective preconception cohort studies during 2015–2021: 592 in Pregnancy Study Online (PRESTO) and 52 in SnartForaeldre.dk (SF). At study entry, men aged ≥21 years (PRESTO) and ≥18 years (SF) trying to conceive without fertility treatment completed a questionnaire on reproductive and medical history, socio‐demographics, lifestyle, and the 10‐item version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS; interquartile range [IQR] of scores: 0–40). After enrollment (median weeks: 2.1, IQR: 1.3–3.7), men were invited to perform in‐home semen testing, twice with 7–10 days between tests, using the Trak Male Fertility Testing System. Semen quality was characterized by semen volume, sperm concentration, and total sperm count. We fit generalized estimating equation linear regression models to estimate the percent difference in mean log‐transformed semen parameters by four PSS groups (<10, 10–14, 15–19, ≥20), adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsThe median PSS score and IQR was 15 (10–19), and 136 men (21.1%) had a PSS score ≥20. Comparing men with PSS scores ≥20 with <10, the adjusted percent difference was −2.7 (95% CI: −9.8; 5.0) for semen volume, 6.8 (95% CI: ‐10.9; 28.1) for sperm concentration, and 4.3 (95% CI: −13.8; 26.2) for total sperm count.ConclusionOur findings indicate that perceived stress is not materially associated with semen volume, sperm concentration, or total sperm count.
Surgeon‐performed ultrasound changes surgical management in patients with thyroid cancer
Authors: Tapia Mario , Chia Clemente , Manji Jamil , Magarey Matthew J. R. , Flatman Samuel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundA comprehensive neck ultrasound (US) is essential in the operative planning of patients with thyroid disease. Recent literature has shown surgeon‐performed US (SUS) can be more accurate than radiology‐performed US for the purpose of surgical planning. Missed findings on radiology‐performed ultrasound may lead to inadequate surgical management.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing total thyroidectomy with lateral neck dissection for thyroid cancer, with both radiology‐performed US and SUS performed by a Head and Neck surgeon. Ultrasound findings and adherence to American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines were compared, and changes in management based on SUS findings were identified.ResultsA total of 26 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy with lateral neck dissection met the inclusion criteria. Preconsultation US investigations fulfilled criteria as recommended by the American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines in 57.7%% of cases. The central and lateral neck compartments were assessed in 57.7% and 84.6% of preconsultation US investigations respectively. Central and lateral metastatic neck metastases were incorrectly reported or not reported in 78.6% and 42.3% of cases. The SUS findings prompted a change in surgical management in 65.4% of cases.ConclusionSUS changed surgical management in two thirds (65.4%) of patients. Reliance on radiology‐performed ultrasound alone may result in incorrect staging. Awareness of the additional benefits of SUS is important for surgeons treating patients with thyroid disease to prevent inadequate surgery being performed.
Topical cyclosporine A 1 mg/ml for atopic keratoconjunctivitis: Five‐year case series of 99 children and young people
Authors: Dahlmann‐Noor Annegret H. , Roberts Clare , Muthusamy Kirithika , Calder Virginia , Hingorani Melanie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeTo explore the effects of cyclosporine A (CsA) in the management of atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC).MethodsOpen single‐group interventional consecutive cohort study (case series) at a single eye care facility in the UK. We reviewed the electronic patient records of 99 children and young people (CYP) aged 3.4–18 years with AKC treated with topical CsA 1 mg/ml. Main outcome measures were number of prescriptions and hospital clinic visits over 12 months before and after the start of CsA and the proportion of CYP affected by adverse effects.ResultsThe median number of inflammatory episodes requiring treatment with topical corticosteroids (tCS) fell from 3 (interquartile range IQR 1–4) during the 12 months prior to CsA to 1 (IQR 0–3) during the 12 months after, excluding tCS prescriptions with the first CsA prescription (Wilcoxon signed ranks test, 2 tailed, p < 0.01). In the 12‐month period following initiation of CsA 1 mg/ml with concomitant prescription of tCS (n = 66), daily dosage of steroids was reduced in 62 CYP (93.9%), and they were discontinued in 43 (65.2%). The median number of hospital visits fell from 4 (IQR 3–6) to 3 (IQR 2–5; Wilcoxon p < 0.01). Adverse events leading to discontinuation of CsA were stinging (instillation site pain; 9/99, 9%) and a transient skin rash (1/99, 1%).ConclusionsOff‐label use of commercial preparations of CsA 1 mg/ml significantly reduces the need for concomitant topical corticosteroids and hospital clinic visits in CYP with AKC. Stinging and skin rash can lead to discontinuation.
Nudges and hard choices
Authors: Raskoff Sarah Zoe 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNudges are small changes in the presentation of options that make a predictable impact on people's decisions. Proponents of nudges often claim that they are justified as paternalistic interventions that respect autonomy: they lead people to make better choices, while still letting them choose for themselves. However, existing work on nudges ignores the possibility of “hard choices”: cases where a person prefers one option in some respects, and another in other respects, but has no all‐things‐considered preference between the two. In this paper, I argue that many significant medical decisions are hard choices that provide patients with an opportunity to exercise a distinctive sort of “formative autonomy” by settling their preferences and committing themselves to weigh their values in a particular way. Since nudges risk infringing formative autonomy by depriving patients of this opportunity, their use in medical contexts should be sensitive to this risk.
Responding to racism at school: Ethnic‐racial socialization and the academic engagement of Black and Latinx youth
Authors: Osborne Kimberly R. , Walsdorf Ashley A. , Smith‐Bynum Mia A. , Redig Samantha , Brinkley Dawn , Owen Margaret Tresch , Caughy Margaret O’Brien 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGuided by the Theory of Racial Socialization in Action (TRSA; Smith‐Bynum in press), this study examined observed caregiver‐provided ethnic‐racial socialization in response to a school‐based discriminatory dilemma. Forty‐five Black and 36 Latinx caregivers (88% mothers) with low‐income and their children (Mage = 11.09, SD = 0.29; 46.3% female) participated in Dallas, Texas from 2018 to 2019. Dyads responded to a hypothetical scenario in which a school counselor makes a discriminatory comment to the child. Results of a factor mixture analysis suggested that caregivers engaged in the dialogue using one of four approaches: Low‐engaged, Legacy, Racial Literacy, or High‐engaged. Profiles were found to differ significantly by the race/ethnicity and language of caregivers and were associated with youth’s concurrent behavioral engagement (R2 = .04).
Associated congenital anomalies and syndromes of 248 infants with orofacial clefts born between 2011 and 2014 in the Japan environment and children's study
Authors: Sato Yukihiro , Yoshioka Eiji , Saijo Yasuaki , Kato Yasuhito , Nagaya Ken , Takahashi Satoru , Ito Yoshiya , Kobayashi Sumitaka , Ait Bamai Yu , Yamazaki Keiko , Itoh Sachiko , Miyashita Chihiro , Ikeda‐Araki Atsuko , Kishi Reiko ,   The Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS) Group
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to document the complication status of infants with orofacial clefts born between 2011 and 2014 in Japan. This was a descriptive study using data from the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Among 103 060 pregnancies, 248 infants with orofacial clefts were included (livebirth, 239; stillbirth, 4; miscarriage, 5). The items of interest were complication status of orofacial clefts: isolated (typical orofacial clefts only); multi‐malformed (orofacial clefts with unrelated major defects); syndromic (orofacial clefts with a syndrome or a chromosomal defect). Regarding the cleft subtypes, of 248 infants with orofacial clefts, 104 had cleft lip with cleft palate (CLP) (41.9%), 68 had cleft lip without cleft palate (CL) (27.4%), 58 had cleft palate without cleft lip (CP) (23.4%), and 18 were nonclassified (7.3%). In infants with CLP, the proportions of isolated, multi‐malformed, and syndromic phenotypes were 73.1%, 15.4%, and 11.5%, respectively. In infants with CL, the proportions were 79.4%, 16.2%, and 4.4%, respectively. In infants with CP, the proportions were 69.0%, 13.8%, and 17.2%, respectively. The most frequently associated congenital anomaly was congenital heart disease. In infants with syndromic CLP, 41.7% had trisomy 13. In infants with syndromic CP, 80.0% had the Pierre Robin sequence. Congenital heart disease could be the most frequently associated congenital anomaly. The most frequently associated syndrome could be trisomy 13 in those with CLP and Pierre Robin sequence in those with CP.