bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Method of Assessing Skin Cancerization and KeratosesTM (MASCK™): development and photographic validation in multiple anatomical sites of a novel assessment tool intended for clinical evaluation of patients with extensive skin field cancerization
Authors: Baker Christopher , James Amelia , Supranowicz Madeleine , Spelman Lynda , Shumack Stephen , Cole Judith , Weightman Warren , Sinclair Robert , Foley Peter 
Published: February 2022

SummaryBackgroundA range of ‘field-directed’ treatments is available for the management of extensive skin field cancerization (ESFC), but to date, the only validated objective quantitative tools are limited to assessment of actinic keratoses (AKs) affecting the head.AimsTo develop a versatile quantitative instrument for objective clinical assessment of ESFC and perform initial internal validation across multiple anatomical zones.MethodsThe study comprised instrument development, pilot testing and instrument refinement and two rounds of reliability and inter-rater validation testing. The study was noninterventional and used a convenience sample of de-identified patient photographs selected based on preset criteria. An expert panel developed the instrument and scoring system via a modified Delphi voting process. A sample of 16 healthcare professionals from multiple specialties undertook the pilot testing, and a panel of seven dermatologists were involved in validation testing. Validation was determined by assessment of overall inter-rater agreement using Gwet chance-corrected agreement coefficients (ACs).ResultsThe instrument produced, called the Method for Assessing Skin Cancer and Keratoses™ (MASCK™), comprises the Skin Field Cancerization Index (SFCIndex), derived from area of skin involvement and AKs (number and thickness), a global assessment score and a cancer-in-zone score, and uses Likert scales for quantitative scoring. The SFCIndex is a composite score comprising the number and thickness of AKs multiplied by area of skin involvement. ACs for the SFCIndex components, the overall SFCIndex score and the global assessment score were &gt; 0.80 (rated ‘almost perfect’) while the AC for the cancer-in-zone metric was lower (0.33, rated ‘fair’). Internal consistency was demonstrated via positive correlation between the overall SFCIndex score and the global assessment score.ConclusionsOur study found near-perfect agreement in inter-rater reliability when using MASCK to assess the severity of ESFC in multiple anatomical sites. Further validation of this novel instrument is planned to specifically assess its reliability, utility and feasibility in clinical practice.
Persistent weight gain between 0 and 4 years of age is associated with higher dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate levels at 7 years old: Data from the Generation XXI birth cohort
Authors: Santos‐Silva Rita , Fontoura Manuel , Guimarães João T. , Severo Milton , Barros Henrique , Santos Ana Cristina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the influence of longitudinal weight gain from 0 to 4 years old on dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) levels at 7 years old.DesignDHEAS levels were measured at 7 years old in a subsample of 587 children from the Generation XXI birth cohort. Weight trajectories (0–4 years of age) were identified using model‐based clustering and categorized as “normal weight gain,” “weight gain during infancy,” “weight gain during childhood” and “persistent weight gain.”MeasurementsDifferences in DHEAS levels at age 7 between the four weight trajectories were analysed through analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), adjusted for birth weight (BW) and body mass index (BMI).ResultsIn the crude analysis, compared with the “normal weight gain” trajectory (5.53 (95% CI: 5.10–5.98] µmol/L), DHEAS levels were significantly higher in children in the “persistent weight gain” (8.75 [95% CI: 7.23–10.49] µmol/L, p < .001] and in children in the “weight gain during infancy” trajectories (7.68 [95% CI: 6.22–9.49] µmol/L, p = .021] and marginally significantly higher in children in the “weight gain during childhood” trajectory (6.89 (95% CI: 5.98–8.00) µmol/L; p = .052). In BW‐ and BMI‐adjusted model, a statistically significant difference in DHEAS levels was found between the “persistent weight gain” (7.93 [95% CI: 6.43–9.86] µmol/L) and the “normal weight gain” trajectories ([5.75 [95% CI: 5.32–6.23] µmol/L; p = .039).ConclusionHigher DHEAS levels are found in 7‐year‐old children following a trajectory of persistent weight gain from 0 to 4 years, independently of their BW or current BMI, highlighting the impact of exposure to overweight in the first years of life on prepubertal adrenal androgen production.
Preoperative imaging in primary hyperparathyroidism: Are 11C‐Choline PET/CT and 99mTc‐MIBI/123Iodide subtraction SPECT/CT interchangeable or do they supplement each other?
Authors: Christensen Julie W. , Ismail Afefah , Søndergaard Susanne B. , Bennedbæk Finn N. , Nygaard Birte , Jensen Lars T. , Trolle Waldemar , Holst‐Hahn Christoffer , Zerahn Bo , Kristensen Bent , Krakauer Martin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivePreoperative location of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands (HPGs) is vital when planning minimally invasive surgery in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Dual‐isotope subtraction scintigraphy with 99mTc‐MIBI/123Iodide using SPECT/CT and planar pinhole imaging (Di‐SPECT) has shown high sensitivity, but is challenged by high radiation dose, time consumption and cost. 11C‐Choline PET/CT (faster with a lower radiation dose) is non‐inferior to Di‐SPECT. We aim to clarify to what extent the two are interchangeable and how often there are discrepancies.DesignThis is a prospective, GCP‐controlled cohort study.Patients and MeasurementsOne hundred patients diagnosed with PHPT were included and underwent both imaging modalities before parathyroidectomy. Clinical implications of differences between imaging findings and negative imaging results were assessed. Surgical findings confirmed by biochemistry and pathology served as reference standard.ResultsAmong the 90 patients cured by parathyroidectomy, sensitivity was 82% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 74%–88%) and 87% (95% CI: 79%–92%) for Choline PET and Di‐SPECT, respectively, p = .88. In seven cases at least one imaging modality found no HPG. Of these, neither modality found any true HPGs and only two were cured by surgery. When a positive finding in one modality was incorrect, the alternative modality was correct in approximately half of the cases.ConclusionCholine PET and Di‐SPECT performed equally well and are both appropriate as first‐line imaging modalities for preoperative imaging of PHPT. When the first‐line modality fails to locate an HPG, additional preoperative imaging with the alternate modality offers no benefit. However, if parathyroidectomy is unsuccessful, additional imaging with the alternate modality has merit before repeat surgery.
Cosmetic preservative labeling in Philippine products in accordance with Philippine regulations
Authors: Lim Sharon Osmena , Isaksson Marléne , Persson Lena , Dahlin Jakob , Bruze Magnus 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPreservatives are usually added to a wide array of consumer products to prevent growth of microbes and to prevent product destabilization and degradation. However, many of these preservatives are common skin sensitizers and may cause allergic contact dermatitis. The amount of preservatives may vary per country or region according to their respective legislation and may be reported in differences in prevalence rates of contact dermatitis.ObjectiveTo examine and identify preservatives in consumer products in accordance with Philippine legislation. To verify the accuracy of the list of ingredients of Philippine cosmetic products as legislated by the Philippine Bureau of Food and Drug Administration.MethodsA total of 65 commonly used Philippine consumer products ranging from liquid facial and body washes, bar soaps, laundry detergents, feminine hygiene washes and wipes, shampoos and conditioners, sunblock, and moisturizers were selected. Ingredients noted on labels were documented. Products were subsequently investigated chemically for the presence of methylchloroisothiazolinone, methylisothiazolinone, or formaldehyde.ResultsThe preservatives most commonly used in cosmetic products in the Philippine market are methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI), methylisothiazolinone (MI), and/or formaldehyde. In accordance with Philippine legislation, almost all products provided a detailed ingredient list as printed on the packaging. Measurements of MCI/MI ranged from less than 1 ppm to 16 ppm, and MI ranged from only less than 1 ppm to 66 ppm, whereas formaldehyde was noted to range from less than 2.5 ppm to greater than 40 ppm in the products tested. Most products are manufactured by international brands, with a few products being manufactured locally.ConclusionsThe preservatives found in cosmetic products were MCI, MI, and formaldehyde. Discrepancies were found in the preservatives and labeling of these products, with a majority of investigated Philippine products labeled inaccurately with varying concentrations of preservatives.
Growth factor dependence of the proliferation and survival of cultured lacrimal gland epithelial cells isolated from late‐embryonic mice
Authors: Karasawa Yoko , Shinomiya Nariyoshi , Takeuchi Masaru , Ito Masataka 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEpidermal growth factor (EGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) regulate the growth and morphogenesis of various exocrine glands with branched morphologies. Their roles in lacrimal gland (LG) development remain unknown, but fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 10 is crucial for early LG organogenesis. To clarify the roles of EGF, HGF, and FGF10 in LG development, LG epithelial cells were isolated from late‐embryonic and neonatal mice; cultured; and treated with EGF, HGF, or FGF10 and their respective receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors AG1478, PHA665752, or SU5402. EGF and HGF increased the number of viable cells by enhancing DNA synthesis, FGF10 and SU5402 showed no such effect, and RTK inhibitors exhibited the opposite effect. EGF and HGF receptors were immunostained in cultured late‐embryonic LG epithelial cells and terminal LG acini from late embryos and adult mice. HGF was detected in neonatal LG epithelial cell culture supernatants by western blotting. In the absence of EGF and HGF RTK inhibitors, growth factor addition increased the number of viable cells and suppressed cell death. However, when one RTK was inhibited and a growth factor targeting an intact RTK was added, the number of dead cells increased as the number of viable cells increased. No cells survived when both RTKs were inhibited. In explant cultures of LGs from embryos, AG1478 or PHA665752 decreased the number of Ki67‐positive proliferating epithelial cells in terminal acini. Thus, EGF and HGF may function in a cooperative autocrine manner, supporting cell proliferation and survival during LG development in late‐embryonic and neonatal mice.
A multicentric prospective analysis of maxillofacial trauma in the elderly population
Authors: Bojino Alessandro , Roccia Fabio , Carlaw Kirsten , Aquilina Peter , Rae Euan , Laverick Sean , Romeo Irene , Iocca Oreste , Copelli Chiara , Sobrero Federica , Segura‐Pallerès Ignasi , Ganasouli Dimitra , Zanakis Stelios N. , de Oliveira Gorla Luis Fernando , Pereira‐Filho Valfrido Antonio , Gallafassi Daniel , Perez Faverani Leonardo , Alalawy Haider , Kamel Mohammed , Samieirad Sahand , Jaisani Mehul Rajesh , Rahman Sajjad Abdur , Rahman Tabishur , Aladelusi Timothy , Hassanein Ahmed Gaber , Duran‐Valles Francesc , Bescos Coro , Goetzinger Maximilian , Bottini Gian Battista 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground/AimsThe growth of the global elderly population will lead to an increase in traumatic injuries in this group, including those affecting the maxillofacial area, with a heavier load on health systems. The aim of this multicentric prospective study was to understand and evaluate the incidences, causes and patterns of oral and maxillofacial injuries in patients aged over 60 years admitted to 14 maxillofacial surgical departments around the world.MethodsThe following data were collected: gender, cause and mechanism of maxillofacial fracture, alcohol and drug abuse at the time of trauma, fracture site, Facial Injury Severity Scale score, associated injury, day of trauma, timing and type of treatment and length of hospitalization. Statistical analyses were performed using non‐parametric and association tests, as well as linear regression.ResultsBetween 30 September 2019 and 4 October 2020, 348 out of 2387 patients (14.6%), 197 men and 151 women (ratio 1.3:1; mean age 72.7 years), were hospitalized. The main causes of the maxillofacial fractures were falls (66.4%), followed by road traffic accidents (21.5%) and assaults (5.2%). Of the 472 maxillofacial fractures, 69.7% were in the middle third of the face, 28% in the lower third and 2.3% in the upper third. Patients with middle third fractures were on average 4.2 years older than patients with lower third fractures (95% CI 1.2–7.2). Statistical analysis showed that women were more involved in fall‐related trauma compared with males (p < .001). It was also shown that road traffic accidents cause more fractures in the lower third (p < .001) and in the middle third‐lower third complex compared with upper third (p < .001).ConclusionsMaxillofacial fractures in the elderly were more frequent in European and Australian centres and affected men slightly more than women. Falls were the leading cause of fractures, especially among women. The middle third of the face was most often affected, and conservative treatment was the most common choice for the management of such patients.
Are neurocognitive abilities and social cognition related to social and role functioning in familial high risk group for psychosis?
Authors: Yazkan‐Akgül Gözde , Perdahlı‐Fiş Neşe 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsIn this study, we aimed to compare neurocognitive abilities and social cognitive features among adolescent offspring of psychotic individuals and healthy controls.MethodsThe study sample was composed of offspring of patients with psychotic disorders (n = 30), the high risk group (HR), and age and sex matched healthy controls (n = 32) the Control Group (CG). The psychiatric diagnoses were established by using the KD‐SADS. Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire adolescent and parent forms (SDQ‐A, SDQ‐P) were used. General functioning status were evaluated by The Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) and Global Functioning Scale: Social and Role Functioning. Wisconsin Cart Sorting Test, Controlled Oral Word Association Test, California Verbal Learning Test, Stroop Colour and Word Test and Trail Making Tests A and B were used to assess neurocognitive abilities; to assess social cognition and empathy skills DANVA‐2 and Bryant Empathy Scale were used, respectively.ResultsAmong HR 53.33% had at least one psychopathology. SDQ‐A, SDQ‐P scores were significantly higher, and CGAS, social and role functioning scores were significantly lower in HR. Neurocognitive test scores were significantly worse except for SCWT scores in the HR. No significant differences were obtained in social cognition. A variety of the neurocognitive abilities were significantly correlated with the role functioning. In regression analyses, the most predictive scores were WCST total correct scores and role functioning score.ConclusionsHR group showed more impairments in neurocognition, social, role and overall functioning, whereas there was no significant difference in terms of social cognition. Disturbances in neurocognition were correlated with impairments in role functioning.
Genomic divergence and a lack of recent introgression between commercial and wild bumblebees (Bombus terrestris)
Authors: Kardum Hjort Cecilia , Paris Josephine R. , Olsson Peter , Herbertsson Lina , de Miranda Joachim R. , Dudaniec Rachael Y. , Smith Henrik G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe global movement of bees for agricultural pollination services can affect local pollinator populations via hybridization. When commercial bumblebees are of the same species but of different geographic origin, intraspecific hybridization may result in beneficial integration of new genetic variation, or alternatively may disrupt locally adapted gene complexes. However, neither the existence nor the extent of genomic introgression and evolutionary divergence between wild and commercial bumblebees is fully understood. We obtained whole‐genome sequencing data from wild and commercial Bombus terrestris collected from sites in Southern Sweden with and without long‐term use of commercially imported B. terrestris. We search for evidence of introgression, dispersal and genome‐wide differentiation in a comparative genomic analysis of wild and commercial bumblebees. Commercial B. terrestris were found in natural environments near sites where commercial bumblebees were used, as well as drifting wild B. terrestris in commercial bumblebee colonies. However, we found no evidence for widespread, recent genomic introgression of commercial B. terrestris into local wild conspecific populations. We found that wild B. terrestris had significantly higher nucleotide diversity (Nei's pi, π), while the number of segregating sites (Watterson's theta, θw) was higher in commercial B. terrestris. A highly divergent region on chromosome 11 was identified in commercial B. terrestris and found to be enriched with structural variants. The genes present in this region are involved in flight muscle contraction and structure and pathogen immune response, providing evidence for differing evolutionary processes operating in wild and commercial B. terrestris. We did not find evidence for recent introgression, suggesting that co‐occurring commercial B. terrestris have not disrupted evolutionary processes in wild B. terrestris populations.
The impact of Strong Families, Strong Communities on relationship functioning in low‐income African American and Hispanic individuals: Findings from a federally funded randomized control trial
Authors: Jennings Sheara W. , Torres‐Hostos Luis R. , Rose Roderick A. , Leal Roberta M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLow‐income minorities face many complex barriers to building stable and healthy relationships. AVANCE Houston, a non‐profit community‐based organization in Houston, Texas, developed the Strong Families, Strong Communities (SFSC) program to address such barriers by providing interactive healthy marriage and relationship skills workshops to low‐income English‐ and Spanish‐speaking Hispanic and English‐speaking African American individuals. Using a randomized control trial (RCT) design with random assignment to the 7‐week treatment group (n = 649) or a 12‐month wait‐list control group (n = 600), we examined the impact of the program on four dimensions of relationship functioning: relationship satisfaction, connectedness, and quality; and conflict resolution, at post‐test and then 6 and 12 months later. Using a repeated measure multilevel model with a difference‐in‐difference impact estimate, we found that all four dimensions of relationship functioning improved with small effect sizes that were larger than those found in previous relationship education programs for low‐income individuals (Cohen's d's of 0.18 for relationship satisfaction, 0.24 for connectedness, 0.19 for quality, and 0.20 for conflict resolution). Findings from this study provide evidence of program effectiveness on dimensions of relationship functioning for low‐income minorities, comparable to or better than those seen in other healthy marriage program RCTs. The findings of this impact evaluation are promising regarding the impact of programs like SFSC on dimensions of relationship functioning in low‐income Hispanic and African American participants.
The rise of education‐featured gated communities in Chinese cities: (Re)producing the enterprising self via the entrepreneurial local state–capital nexus
Authors: He Shenjing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSince the 1990s, an emerging form of gated communities (GCs) packaging K‐12 schools with tailor‐made residential services, termed education‐featured gated communities (edu‐featured GCs) by the author, has transformed the residential and education landscapes in Chinese cities. Encapsulating fundamental issues of urban entrepreneurialism, privatisation of public goods, social reproduction, education and housing inequalities, the rise of edu‐featured GCs poses a series of unexplored research questions beyond education and housing/GCs per se. Drawing on an empirical investigation mainly in the birthplace of edu‐featured GCs, Guangzhou, this research examines how the entrepreneurial local state leverages private investments and orchestrates the (re)production of the enterprising self to give rise to edu‐featured GCs. Specially, the entrepreneurial state strategically forms a nexus with private capital at different stages to serve different (re)development priorities and thus gives rise to various types of edu‐featured GCs. Meanwhile, the enterprising self is forged by a process of neoliberal responsibilisation of individuals to produce a competitive labour force feeding into the needs of domestic economic restructuring and global capitalism. Middle‐class households seemingly harvest a great fortune through their investment in education and housing markets, yet they are involuntarily being mired in a vicious circle of “involution” that reproduces the enterprising self in a hypercompetitive manner. Foregrounding the indispensable role of the state in shaping the new residential form entwining housing and education choices, this study epitomises how education and housing offer critical prisms to examine broader and more profound urban and geographical issues. It enriches the scholarship of critical geographies of education through introducing a four‐dimensional — upward‐, downward‐, outward‐ and inward‐looking — prism. Specifically, edu‐featured GCs is shaped by both the powerful state–capital nexus (upward‐looking) and individual choices for social reproduction (downward‐looking), and links middle‐class parents' expectations and choices of schooling (inward‐looking) with the wider impacts on urban (re)development (outward‐looking).