bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Employing hyaluronic acid‐based mesotherapy for facial rejuvenation
Authors: Iranmanesh Behzad , Khalili Maryam , Mohammadi Saman , Amiri Rezvan , Aflatoonian Mahin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundMesotherapy is a method of treatment in which biocompatible substances are injected in small aliquots into different levels of skin. This technique can be used for facial rejuvenation.AimTo comprehensively evaluate efficacy of different hyaluronic acid (HA) materials for skin rejuvenation, and discuss longevity of these products, potential adverse effects, and different injection techniques.Material and MethodsWe searched Pubmed, Scopus, Web of science, Google Scholar, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Science direct until April of 2022. Thirty‐four articles were selected including 23 articles about non‐cross‐linked HA and 11 articles about cross‐linked HA.ResultsEleven and five different non‐cross‐linked HA and cross‐linked HA materials were utilized, respectively. Treatment sessions for non‐cross‐linked HA were between 1 and 6 at weekly‐to‐bimonthly interval, and for cross‐linked HA were 1–3 at 4–36 weeks apart. In most of the studies, serial micropuncture technique with 23–32 gauge needles was used for injection. Other injection techniques were Nappage (picotage), depot and micro‐linear.ConclusionMesotherapy with HA‐based fillers is a favorable method for restoring youthful appearance, rejuvenation, and revitalization of skin. Proper selection and precise placement of HA in desired level of dermis is an essential key to optimize improvement and minimize side effects including skin irregularities and Tyndall effect. Adjuvant therapy with additional rejuvenation procedures to enhance esthetic results is required especially in elderly individuals with severe photodamaged skin. Moreover, preservation of esthetic results requires maintenance therapy every few months.
How registered nurses are measuring respiratory rates in adult acute care health settings: An integrative review
Authors: Palmer Jennifer H. , James Steven , Wadsworth Daniel , Gordon Christopher J. , Craft Judy 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesThis integrative review aimed to draw conclusions from evidence on how registered nurses are measuring respiratory rates for acute care patients.BackgroundDespite the growing research supporting respiratory rate as an early indicator for clinical deterioration, respiratory rate has consistently been the least frequently measured and accurately documented vital sign.DesignAn integrative review.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in June 2022 in four databases: CINAHL, PubMed, Medline and Scopus. Quality appraisal was undertaken using the Joanna Briggs Institute's Checklist. PRISMA guidelines were followed to ensure explicit reporting and reported in the PRISMA checklist.ResultsOverall, 9915 records were identified, and 19 met the inclusion criteria. Of these 19 articles, seven themes emerged: estimation and digit preference, lack of understanding and knowledge, not valuing the clinical significance of respiratory rate, oxygen saturation substitute, interobserver agreement, subjective concern and count duration. A high prevalence of bias, estimation and incorrect technique was evident. A total of 15 articles reported specifically on how registered nurses are measuring respiratory rates on general medical and surgical wards.ConclusionsDespite its importance, this integrative review has determined that respiratory rates are not being assessed correctly by nursing staff in the acute care environment. Evidence of using estimation, value bias or quick count and multiply techniques are emerging themes which urgently require further research.No patient or public contribution.
Clinical efficacy analysis of oocyte cryopreservation: A propensity score matched study
Authors: Li Shifen , Nong Yingqi , Wang Fang , Li Zitao , Liu Wenjuan , Xie Yanni , Peng Tong , Zhang Xiqian , Liu Fenghua 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness of oocyte thawing cycles in the clinical application of assisted reproductive technology (ART).Study designThe clinical data of 78 cases who underwent oocyte thawing cycles in our center were retrospectively analyzed. All patients in this study received oocyte cryopreservation for the husband reason. According to patient age at egg freezing, patients were divided into three observation groups (Group A, <30 years old; Group B, 30–34 years old; Group C, ≥35 years old), and the control groups were selected by propensity score matching with fresh cycles. The clinical outcomes of each group were compared, and the clinical efficacy of oocyte thawing cycles was analyzed.ResultsClinical pregnancy outcomes of oocyte thawing cycles were not significantly different from that of fresh oocytes, but vitrification affected the number of two pronuclei zygotes developing to cleavage stage and the number of high‐quality embryos, and the normal fertilization rate after thawing. The cycle cumulative live birth rate in Group C was significantly lower than those in Groups A and B. The live birth rates per egg of Groups A, B, C were 5.03%, 5.61%, and 3.57%, respectively, and the numbers of eggs per live birth were 13.72, 14.43, and 21.0, respectively.ConclusionsThe overall clinical outcomes of oocyte vitrification were similar to that of fresh oocytes, but the cleavage rate and embryo quality of frozen oocytes were slightly reduced. Freezing of oocytes in women over 35 years of age affects the clinical efficacy of ART.
Correlations between serum vitamin B12 and folate levels among mother–infant dyads in Punjab state, North‐West India
Authors: Grover Inderpal S , Bharti Rahul , Kapahi Renu , Sodhi Manmeet K , Kapahi Ruhi 
Published: September 2022

AimAdequate vitamin B12 levels in infancy are crucial for normal psychomotor and cognitive development of infants. Our aim was to examine serum vitamin B12, folate and ferritin levels in exclusively breastfed healthy full‐term infants (age group: 1–6 months), and also investigate their correlation with maternal markers.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted on 100 exclusively breastfed healthy full‐term infants (age group: 1–6 months) along with their lactating mothers. Serum vitamin B12, folate and ferritin levels were determined for each mother–infant dyad using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsThe mean serum vitamin B12, folate and ferritin levels were 512 vs. 535 pg/mL, 15 vs. 12 ng/mL and 313 vs. 114 ng/mL in infants and mothers, respectively. Among 100 infants, 26 (26%) had lower vitamin B12 levels and 5 (5%) had inadequate folate levels. In addition, 22 (22%) of 100 lactating mothers were deficient in vitamin B12 levels and 14 (14%) had inadequate folate levels. We found a statistically significant positive correlation between infant and maternal vitamin B12 (r = 0.659, P < 0.001) and folate levels (r = 0.51, P < 0.001).ConclusionVitamin B12 deficiency was observed in 26% of infants and 22% of lactating mothers. Vitamin B12 and folate levels of infants were positively correlated with maternal levels in the state of Punjab, North‐West India. Our findings support that maternal vitamin B12 status can be used as a valuable predictor of infant vitamin B12 status.
The Mideast after Covid‐19: Governance and Geopolitics
Authors: Al‐Ansari Majed MH , Aras Bülent , Yorulmazlar Emirhan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPolicy makers, political and state elites, and civilian and military cadres have grappled with the unprecedented crisis of Covid‐19 in the Middle East and North Africa. Against this gloomy backdrop, the main question became whether the region could sustain its traditional security‐first policy even though the definition of security has changed. Could the state perpetuate its role as the arbiter of a broken clientelistic contract in a state‐led socioeconomic order? Could geopolitical rivalries be upheld against unprecedented domestic challenges? This article tries to illuminate the changing role of the state in the Middle East and North Africa, the rising salience of institutional good governance, and their effects on regional geopolitics in the aftermath of the pandemic.
Domestic‐Political Impact of Obama‐Era Sanctions on Iran
Authors: Yucesoy Vahid 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe arrival in power of the moderate Hassan Rouhani in 2013 was a groundbreaking moment in Iran, marking a clean break from eight years of sociopolitical conservatism under the previous president, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. What provoked this change? This article argues that the institutional shift toward relative moderation under Rouhani was facilitated partly by sanctions, which were imposed when the regime was facing its greatest legitimacy crisis, caused by the fraudulent elections of 2009. It was also riven with infighting among the ruling conservatives. At this critical juncture, sanctions could have undermined the regime's mechanism of co‐opting the lower classes, its major support base. Ahmadinejad's mismanagement of a sanctioned economy also contributed to the infighting. Major decision makers had to mitigate the crisis, and they let Rouhani run for office and get elected. The literature on the Islamists does not account for this relative moderation, while the literature on international sanctions lacks the explanatory power to account for sanctions‐related elite infighting among hardliners and the fraying social contract induced by sanctions. This article creates a unified framework by taking stock of both phenomena.
Tillich’s Theodicies
Authors: Shearn Samuel Andrew 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis essay explores the development of Tillich’s writings on the relationship between divine providence and suffering, and his approach to theodicy. First, I attend to the various stations of his early life and his earliest writings in various genres. Here we see the instrumental‐pedagogical theodicies of his student days and earliest preaching give way to an increased emphasis on the suffering of God. However, unlike many twentieth century theologies of suffering, Tillich retains a strong teleological notion of divine providence, even in the face of the horrors of the First World War. Second, I analyse Tillich’s American systematics and sermons against the background of his early writings, characterising his writings as a Hegelian approach to suffering, subsuming the individual under the teleology of divine creativity.
Nodule INception‐independent epidermal events lead to bacterial entry during nodule development in peanut (Arachis hypogaea)
Authors: Bhattacharjee Oindrila , Raul Bikash , Ghosh Amit , Bhardwaj Akanksha , Bandyopadhyay Kaustav , Sinharoy Senjuti 
Published: September 2022

SummaryLegumes can host nitrogen‐fixing rhizobia inside root nodules. In model legumes, rhizobia enter via infection threads (ITs) and develop nodules in which the infection zone contains a mixture of infected and uninfected cells. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) diversified from model legumesc.50–55 million years ago. Rhizobia enter through ‘cracks’ to form nodules in peanut roots where cells of the infection zone are uniformly infected. Phylogenomic studies have indicated symbiosis as a labile trait in peanut. These atypical features prompted us to investigate the molecular mechanism of peanut nodule development.Combining cell biology, genetics and genomic tools, we visualized the status of hormonal signaling in peanut nodule primordia. Moreover, we dissected the signaling modules ofNodule INception(NIN), a master regulator of both epidermal infection and cortical organogenesis.Cytokinin signaling operates in a broad zone, from the epidermis to the pericycle inside nodule primordia, while auxin signaling is narrower and focused.Nodule INceptionis involved in nodule organogenesis, but not in crack entry.Nodulation Pectate Lyase, which remodels cell walls during IT formation, is not required. By contrast,Nodule enhanced Glycosyl Hydrolases(AhNGHs) are recruited for cell wall modification during crack entry.While hormonal regulation is conserved, the function of the NIN signaling modules is diversified in peanut.
Overcoming Descartes' representational view of the mind in nursing pedagogies, curricula and testing
Authors: Benner Patricia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCurrently, Nursing Education draws on a commonly taken‐for‐granted folk psychology of a representational view of how the mind works and how human beings learn. Descartes' representational view of the mind strongly influences pedagogies, theories of learning, curricula, and approaches to testing nursing knowledge and more broadly in academia. A representational view of the mind holds that perception occurs in the mind only through representations in the mind through ideas, concepts, templates and schema. Situated, embodied, and socially embedded cognition is presented as a counter view to a representational view of the mind
Patellofemoral Joint after Opening Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy: A Comparative Study of Uniplane versus Biplane Osteotomies
Authors: Zheng Yi , Wang Zhijie , Lv Hongzhi , Li Jinbo , Zhuo Runqi , Wang Juan 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo the best of our knowledge, there has been no comparative study of changes in radiographic parameters in the sagittal plane between biplane opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) with plate fixation and uniplane OWHTO with spacer implantation. The aim of the study was to compare sagittal radiographs between the procedures of biplane and uniplane OWHTOs in patients with genu varum and to investigate the impact on the patellofemoral joint.MethodsA retrospective study of 71 patients (58.0 ± 5.0 years of age, 58 females and 13 males) with varus‐aligned medial compartment knee osteoarthritis treated with OWHTO was performed during the period from January 2016 to February 2019. Thirty‐three patients underwent biplane osteotomy with plate fixation (biplane group), and 38 patients underwent uniplane osteotomy with absorbable wedged spacer fixation (uniplane group). Independent t tests were used to compare the two groups according to the preoperative and postoperative radiographic parameters of hip‐knee‐ankle (HKA) angle, posterior tibial slope (PTS), tibial tubercle prominence (TTP), Caton–Deschamps (CD) index, and Blackburne–Peel (BP) index. During the last follow‐up assessment, patients were asked to rate their patellofemoral joint status using the Samsung Medical Center (SMC) patellofemoral (PF) scoring system. The visual analog scale (VAS) was also used to rate knee joint pain when walking.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the two groups in any of the demographic, clinical, or radiological characteristics at baseline (p > 0.05). Comparisons of postoperative sagittal radiographic parameters between patients in the uniplane group and patients in the biplane group showed significant differences in the PTS (13.4° vs 16.6°, t = 4.465, p < 0.001), TTP (9.0 mm vs 4.2 mm, t = 7.950, p < 0.001), and CD index (0.81 vs 0.70, t = 4.035, p < 0.001). At the final follow‐up assessment (minimum, 2 years), the SMC PF function score was significantly lower in patients in the uniplane group than in patients in the biplane group (27.8 vs. 32.1, t = 2.458, p = 0.016), but there were no significant differences in the SMC PF pain score or VAS score (p > 0.05).ConclusionThe essential difference in the postoperative sagittal radiographic changes between biplane and uniplane OWHTO was the tibial tubercle prominence, indicating the posterior displacement of the tibial tubercle. Uniplane OWHTO may yield better function of the patellofemoral joint compared to biplane OWHTO.
Priority‐based budgeting: An honest broker among municipal functions?
Authors: Mitchell David 
Published: September 2022

AbstractImplemented in over 200 local governments, priority‐based budgeting (PBB) reflects a contemporary attempt to systematically determine and implement desired budgetary reallocation. PBB proponents claim it is highly effective in prioritizing governmental programs and aligning budgetary allocation to priorities. However, core municipal functions such as public safety and public works are often impervious to budgetary shocks. Can PBB overcome this to better align budgetary allocations with organizational priorities? This study examines 32 municipal PBB implementers with difference‐in‐differences analysis; finding a varied effect upon municipal functions that casts doubt on its ability to fully reallocate budgetary resources from low‐ to high‐priority programs.
The roles of caregivers and friends in adolescent daily emotion dynamics
Authors: Mak Hio Wa , Lydon‐Staley David M. , Lunkenheimer Erika , Lai Mark H. C. , Fosco Gregory M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDaily emotion dynamics provide valuable information about individuals’ emotion processes as they go about their lives. Emotion dynamics such as emotion levels (mean), emotion variability (degree of fluctuation), and emotion network density (strength of temporal connections among emotions) are associated with risks for various psychopathology in youth and adults. Prior work has shown that caregivers and friends play crucial socializing roles in adolescent emotional well‐being, but less is known about their roles in daily emotion dynamics. This study examined whether caregiver emotion coaching, caregiver‐adolescent closeness, and friendship quality were associated with adolescents’ emotion levels, emotion variability, and emotion network density. Further, we examined whether caregiver‐adolescent closeness moderated the associations between coaching and emotion dynamics. Participants were 150 adolescents (61% girls; Mage = 14.75) and one of their caregivers (95% female; Mage = 43.35) who completed a baseline survey and 21 daily surveys. Results showed that caregiver emotion coaching interacted with caregiver‐adolescent closeness in predicting emotion levels and variability. Specifically, when closeness was higher, emotion coaching was significantly associated with lower sadness and anger levels, higher happiness levels, and lower happiness variability. Caregiver emotion coaching, independent of closeness, was also associated with lower anxiety levels, lower sadness variability, and lower emotion network density. Friendship quality was significantly associated with lower levels of sadness, anxiety, and anger, higher levels of happiness, and lower variability in anxiety and anger. These findings suggest that caregivers and friends are central to everyday emotion levels and variability and a more flexible emotion system in adolescents.
Mapping out‐ argument structure
Authors: Ahn Byron 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article explores a phenomenon of English in which out‐ combines with a predicate to form a complex predicate (e.g., outsing, outdo, outrun, outsmart, …), here called “out‐pred.” A thorough investigation uncovers several new generalizations, which can be summarized as follows. (i) Out‐pred formation is productive and syntactic, building upon the structure for the pred. (ii) Out‐ is the core of the out‐pred clause's extended verbal projection. These findings are derived via an analysis in which out‐ merges with the pred before any argument(s) can merge. This analysis is then further supported by exploring domains in which out‐pred is unavailable; though these are seemingly unrelated, they share deep derivational properties that are incompatible with the derivation of out‐pred. The findings of this article have implications for the syntactic representation of argument structure more generally, supporting analyses where all arguments of a verb are syntactically severed from it.
MsMYB741 is involved in alfalfa resistance to aluminum stress by regulating flavonoid biosynthesis
Authors: Su Liantai , Lv Aimin , Wen Wuwu , Fan Nana , Li Jiaojiao , Gao Li , Zhou Peng , An Yuan 
Published: September 2022

SUMMARYAluminum (Al) toxicity severely restricts plant growth in acidic soils (pH < 5.0). In this study, an R2R3‐MYB transcription factor (TF) gene, MsMYB741, was cloned from alfalfa. Its function and gene regulatory pathways were studied via overexpression and RNA interference of MsMYB741 in alfalfa seedlings. Results showed that root elongation increased as a result of MsMYB741 overexpression (MsMYB741‐OE) and decreased with MsMYB741 RNA interference (MsMYB741‐RNAi) in alfalfa seedlings compared with the wild‐type under Al stress. These were attributed to the reduced Al content in MsMYB741‐OE lines, and increased Al content in MsMYB741‐RNAi lines. MsMYB741 positively activated the expression of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase 1 (MsPAL1) and chalcone isomerase (MsCHI) by binding to MYB and ABRE elements in their promoters, respectively, which directly affected flavonoid accumulation in roots and secretion from root tips in plants under Al stress, eventually affecting Al accumulation in alfalfa. Additionally, MsABF2 TF directly activated the expression of MsMYB741 by binding to the ABRE element in its promoter. Taken together, our results indicate that MsMYB741 transcriptionally activates MsPAL1 and MsCHI expression to increase flavonoid accumulation in roots and secretion from root tips, leading to increased resistance of alfalfa to Al stress.
THOMIST OR TUMBLRIST: COMMENTS ON THE COMPATIBILITY OF EVOLUTION AND DESIGN BY E. V. R. KOJONEN
Authors: Page Meghan D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article engages Kojonen's discussion of scientific explanation. Kojonen claims the best way to conceptualize the relationship between evolutionary explanations and explanation by design is through the proximate‐ultimate distinction and the levels metaphor. However, these are not robust explanatory models but examples of how one might differentiate ambiguous explananda contained in why‐questions. Disambiguating explananda is a helpful tool for determining when a situation calls for further explanation; however, on this picture, that some further explanation is needed does not, as proponents of design arguments assume, specify design. The question of whether design is a good explanation at all hinges on what precisely we want explained.
A Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Extracting Individuals’ Theory-Based Causal Knowledge
Authors: Hans Atharva , Chaudhari Ashish M. , Bilionis Ilias , Panchal Jitesh H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Extracting an individual’s scientific knowledge is essential for improving educational assessment and understanding cognitive tasks in engineering activities such as reasoning and decision-making. However, knowledge extraction is an almost impossible endeavor if the domain of knowledge and the available observational data are unrestricted. The objective of this paper is to quantify individuals’ theory-based causal knowledge from their responses to given questions. Our approach uses directed-acyclic graphs (DAGs) to represent causal knowledge for a given theory and a graph-based logistic model that maps individuals’ question-specific subgraphs to question responses. We follow a hierarchical Bayesian approach to estimate individuals’ DAGs from observations. The method is illustrated using 205 engineering students’ responses to questions on fatigue analysis in mechanical parts. In our results, we demonstrate how the developed methodology provides estimates of population-level DAG and DAGs for individual students. This dual representation is essential for remediation since it allows us to identify parts of a theory that a population or individual struggles with and parts they have already mastered. An addendum of the method is that it enables predictions about individuals’ responses to new questions based on the inferred individual-specific DAGs. The latter has implications for the descriptive modeling of human problem-solving, a critical ingredient in sociotechnical systems modeling.