bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective intrusion detection system using concept drifting data stream and support vector machine
Authors: Rajeswari Poleboina Venkata Naga , Shashi Mogalla , Rao Tiyyabindi Kameswara , Rajya Lakshmi Matta , Kiran Lanka Venkateswara 
Published: June 2022

SummaryDue to the widespread distribution of network connectivity, the demand for network security and protection against cyber‐attacks is increasing rapidly. Intrusion detection system (IDS) plays a vital role in the network security. Previously, the concept‐drift based IDS is performed, in which the suspicious activity at specific IP address is detected on the real time network. However, in that research the intrusion detection is performed on single attribute. In this work, an efficient adaptive window with support vector machine (ADWIN‐SVM) is developed to detect the intrusions on large datasets with multiple attributes. The initial process in the proposed system is data cleaning. To clean the input data, the data normalization technique is utilized. Then, the data are streamed as online data by including the timestamp attribute to the dataset. This process assists to extract the patterns and detect the changes in the data. ADWIN algorithm identifies the sudden generation of drift and separates the window based on the split point. The data can be classified as normal and attack by the SVM classifier. For the performance evaluation of the proposed IDS, two datasets such as KDD Cup 1999 and CICIDS 2017 are utilized. Python is the implementation tool and the performance metrics considered for the proposed approach are precision, recall, F1 score, accuracy, and false positive rate. The proposed ADWIN‐SVM performance is compared with various existing techniques such as random forest, decision tree, naive Bayes, logistic regression, AdaBoost, K‐nearest neighbor, and SVM‐rbf. From the comparative analysis, the proposed ADWIN‐SVM is outperformed in intrusion detection.
Desire thinking as an underlying mechanism in alcohol use disorder and nicotine dependence
Authors: Khosravani Vahid , Spada Marcantonio M. , Samimi Ardestani Seyed Mehdi , Sharifi Bastan Farangis 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDesire thinking is an emerging construct in the addictive behaviours literature. No research, to date, has investigated its contribution to problematic alcohol use and nicotine dependence in patient samples when accounting for established predictors of addictive behaviours. The present study sought to clarify, in patient samples, the relative contribution of desire thinking in the associations between negative affect, impulsivity and thought suppression on the one hand and craving, problematic alcohol use and nicotine dependence on the other. To achieve this goal, two groups of individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) (n = 370; age range = 15–67 years) and nicotine dependence (n = 365; age range = 17–75 years) were selected, and measures of negative affect, impulsivity, thought suppression, craving, desire thinking, problematic alcohol use and nicotine dependence were completed by both groups. Results showed that in both groups, negative affect and thought suppression indirectly affected alcohol and nicotine craving, problematic alcohol use and nicotine dependence through the mediating role of desire thinking. The present study shows the independent role of desire thinking in predicting problematic alcohol use and nicotine dependence in patient samples, indicating its potential relevance for treatment.
Unravelling Li+ Intercalation Mechanism and Cathode Electrolyte Interphase of Na3V2(PO4)3 and Na3(VOPO4)2F Cathode as Robust Framework Towards High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: He Jiarong , Tao Tao , Yang Fan , Sun Zhipeng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are promising towards high energy density and superior safety energy storage systems (ESS), severe depletion of Li reserve cannot meet the ever‐growing demand for LIBs due to the uneven distribution and limited amount of Li resource. Li‐free polyanionic cathodes, such as Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) and Na3(VOPO4)2F (NVOPF), show intriguing electrochemical performances with prospective future for LIBs due to their appropriate crystallographic sites, robust host structure, and abundant Na resource. In this work, NVP and NVOPF were systematically investigated as cathodes for LIBs using different voltage windows of 2.5–4.3, 2.0–4.3, and 1.5–4.8 V, along with their electrochemical mechanisms, cathode electrolyte interphase properties, and electrode morphologies for comparison. Ex‐situ X‐ray diffraction, ex‐situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and post‐mortem scanning electron microscopy revealed that their mechanisms shifted from a predominant Na+ intercalation/deintercalation in the first charging/discharging to a mixed Li+/Na+ intercalation/deintercalation at the subsequent cycling. Due to the residual Na+ acting as pillar in the structure, NVP and NVPF could serve as robust host framework, providing appropriate crystallographic sites for repeated Li+/Na+ intercalation/deintercalation. NVP electrode delivered a higher discharge capacity of 107.6 mAh g−1 with superior capacity retention of 84.3 % after 1000 cycles (2.5–4.3 V, 100 mA g−1) than NVOPF electrode (97.3 mAh g−1, 68.8 %). Electrode polarization and kinetic analysis manifested one energetically similar and two energetically nonequivalent crystallographic Na sites within the R
c and I4/mmm polyanionic structure of NVP and NVOPF. This work comprehensively demonstrates the feasibility and prospect of sodium‐based NVP and NVOPF polyanions serving as advanced Li‐free cathodes for LIBs, which provides novel insights into seeking Li‐free candidates as prospective cathodes for LIBs towards a more sustainable society and a cost‐effective battery manufacturing system.
The long arm of childhood socioeconomic deprivation on mid‐ to later‐life cognitive trajectories: A cross‐cohort analysis
Authors: Tsang Ruby S. M. , Gallacher John E. , Bauermeister Sarah 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionEarlier studies of the effects of childhood socioeconomic status (SES) on later‐life cognitive function consistently report a social gradient in later‐life cognitive function. Evidence for their effects on cognitive decline is, however, less clear.MethodsThe sample consists of 5324 participants in the Whitehall II study, 8572 in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), and 1413 in the Kame Project, who completed self‐report questionnaires on their early life experiences and underwent repeated cognitive assessments. We characterized cognitive trajectories using latent class mixed models, and explored associations between childhood SES and latent class membership using logistic regressions.ResultsWe identified distinct trajectories classes for all cognitive measures examined. Childhood socioeconomic deprivation was associated with an increased likelihood of being in a lower trajectory class.DiscussionOur findings support the notions that cognitive aging is a heterogeneous process and early life circumstances may have lasting effects on cognition across the life‐course.
Usefulness of cellblock preparation in fine needle aspiration for the diagnosis of thyroid nodules
Authors: Puga Francisca Marques , Rodrigues Miguel , Eloy Catarina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThyroid nodules are common in the general population. The current diagnostic method for nodules is the ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (US‐FNA). The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of cellblock preparation in addition to routine US‐FNA in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules.MethodsA retrospective study of patients with thyroid nodules submitted to US‐FNA, with collection of material using both smears and cellblock preparation. Two air‐dried smears were prepared for each nodule. After centrifugation, the residual aspirate in the syringe and needle was processed as a standard histology specimen (cellblock). Then a pathologist reviewed the smears and cellblock slides of each case.ResultsA total of 12.360 thyroid nodules were submitted to US‐FNA. Cellblock preparation was performed in 153 (1.2%) in addition to smears. Among the satisfactory cellblocks (80.5%, 120), 31.7% (38) provided additional morphological information in comparison with smears alone. No significant differences were found between the smear and the combined smear and cellblock evaluation concerning the number of unsatisfactory (12.1% vs. 11.4%, p = .85) and indeterminate (27.5% vs. 24.2%, p = .52) results. Overall, 10 samples (6.7%) had their diagnosis changed after cellblock evaluation, nine of them due to immunohistochemical studies. Immunohistochemistry confirmed parathyroid origin of the nodule in six cases.ConclusionCellblocks did not contribute to increase cellularity of the samples or to reduce indetermined results of FNA of thyroid nodules. Immunohistochemistry was essential to characterize rare cases without follicular histogenesis. Cellblock must only be prepared when considering performing immunohistochemistry.
Promise of sodium–glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors in heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Shen Xizi , Shen Xingping 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHeart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) is associated with comparable poor outcomes as other subtypes of heart failure and remains a medical unmet need due to the paucity of effective therapies. According to large cardiovascular (CV) outcome trials in patients with heart failure, sodium–glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) reduce CV mortality and hospitalizations for heart failure in patients with heart failure across the spectrum of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). There has been a lack of dedicated trials in HFmrEF. However, several large outcome trials in heart failure that enrolled patients with HFmrEF could provide a hint on the role of SGLT2is in this subgroup. This review focuses on CV effects of three major SGLT2is—dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, and sotagliflozin—in patients with HFmrEF. A narrative review of trials investigating the efficacy of each medication in treating heart failure with LVEF > 40% is provided with a focus on their LVEF subgroup analyses. The purpose of this review is to discuss the current state of evidence regarding the potential of SGLT2is in HFmrEF management. Current limited evidence suggests that SGLT2is might be a favourable treatment modality for patients with HFmrEF to reduce hospitalization for heart failure and CV mortality. This conclusion needs to be further supported by clear HFmrEF subgroup analysis of the existing trials. Further outcome trials involving sufficient patients with different subtypes of HFmrEF are needed to confirm and assess CV benefits of SGLT2is in HFmrEF. Possible mechanisms by which SGLT2is exert their cardioprotective effect are also described briefly.
Ni‐Catalyzed Cyanation of Allylic Alcohols with Formamide as the Cyano Source
Authors: Deng Lin‐Fang , Cheng Jing , Chen Jun‐Jia , Yang Luo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFormamide as the safe cyano source! A Ni‐catalyzed cyanation of unactivated allylic alcohols and formamide to provide various α,β‐unsaturated nitriles was developed by generating the cyano unit in situ from safe and readily available formamide.
Economic Electrochemical Sensors for the Determination of Eszopiclone in Pharmaceutical Formulation with Greenness Profile Assessment
Authors: El‐Yazbi Amira F. , Sabry Suzy M. , Moneeb Marwa S. , Elgammal Feda A. H. , Essam Hebatallah M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractElectrochemical‐ion‐selective‐sensors offer green, rapid, economic and simple analytical‐tool in pharmaceutical industry, control processes, physiological measurements and environmental monitoring. In this study, two sensors were introduced for eszopiclone (EZP) determination in pure‐form and in pharmaceutical‐dosage‐forms using drug‐ion‐exchanger association complex fabrication technique. Two different ion‐exchangers were used and compared, tetrakis (4‐chlorophenyl) borate in sensor1 and tetraphenyl borate in sensor 2. Such sensors showed superior performance at pH 3.5 over a wide‐range of EZP concentration. The proposed method was also assessed using GAPI and analytical Eco‐scale. Low cost, short analysis‐time, simplicity and greenness of the proposed sensors allow their use for high‐through‐put analysis in quality‐control laboratories.
Fabrication of Low‐cost Screen‐printed Electrode in Paper Using Conductive Inks of Graphite and Silver/Silver Chloride
Authors: Oliveira Ana E. F. , Pereira Arnaldo C. , de Resende Mayra A. C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe fabrication of the Screen‐Printed Electrode (SPE) was performed using the graphite ink to print the working (WE) and counter electrodes (CE), and silver/silver chloride path as reference electrode (RE). All the electrodes are printed in a paper substrate using screen‐printing technique. The resulting SPE is characterized using scanning electron microscopy, showing all the ink layer, and subsequently optimized. The paper sample presented the cellulose fibers entanglement, extremely rough, with highly porous network. Then the graphite ink was deposited and the surface became flat, thinner and very smooth. When the silver ink was painted on top of the graphite ink, the spherical silver particles, ranged from 2–3.5 μm in size, were observed. And finally, the silver ink was covered with a AgCl layer and the particle size becomes larger with an irregular sphere‐like phase. The images showed that the layers appear to be homogeneously distributed with good coverage. Then fabrication process was optimized concerning type of paper, the sanding process, the hydrophobic barrier, the electrode design and size. In summary, the optimized values included using the previously sanded matte paper with a mineral spirit layer. The design and size of the electrode were also tested to achieve the best electrochemical performance (design 3 with 3.5 cm). The final SPE was a miniaturized and flexible paper‐based electrochemical electrode. In order to evaluate the electrical properties, the ohmic resistance of each ink was tested using a multimeter and the obtained values were 2.18 kΩ for the graphite ink, 2.27 Ω for the silver ink and 38.33 kΩ for the silver/silver chloride ink. That can indicate the good conductivity of each ink used in the fabrication of the electrode and the correct deposition of Ag/AgCl. Finally, the electrode was used to measure the electrochemical response of K4[Fe(CN)6] in different concentrations. Then a calibration curve was obtained from the voltammograms and a linearity was observed between the current and concentration in the range of 0.50–2.00 mM. That indicates that the SPE has potential to be used as a voltammetric electrode.
High‐energy‐density supercapacitors using supersonically sprayed water‐based precursors comprising cobalt iron oxide and reduced graphene oxide nanosheets
Authors: Kim Taegun , Samuel Edmund , Seol Jaewoo , Lee Hae‐Seok , Yoon Sam S. 
Published: June 2022

SummaryA water‐based iron oxide/cobalt/reduced graphene oxide (Fe2O3/Co/rGO) precursor was spray‐coated via supersonic spraying onto a flexible substrate to fabricate supercapacitor electrodes. The inclusion of Co in Fe2O3 increased the number of electrochemical reaction sites and enhanced the local electron mobility, which in turn improved the overall energy storage capability of the electrodes. The Co salt concentration was varied to determine the optimal electrochemical performance. Supersonic spraying was utilized to coat rGO sheets, on which the bimetallic CoFe2O3 particles were evenly distributed. The uniform coating of rGO and its excellent electrical conductivity increased the electron mobility of the electrode and provided shorter ionic diffusion pathways. Furthermore, the catastrophic impact of supersonic spraying led to the exfoliation of the rGO sheets, which increased the surface area and enhanced the adherence of the CoFe2O3 particles to the substrate. This rGO exfoliation also enabled the accommodation of the CoFe2O3 particles between the exfoliated graphene sheets, thereby enhancing electron transport throughout the electrode. The optimal sample exhibited a specific capacitance of 1.11 F·cm−2 at a current rate of 2 mA·cm−2, energy density of 0.62 mWh·cm−2 at a power density of 8 mW·cm−2, and capacitance retention of 89% after 10,000 charge‐discharge cycles.
Diffusion control and surface control mechanism in hierarchical nanostructured porous zinc‐based MOF material for supercapattery
Authors: Ali Syeda Ramsha , Iqbal Muhammad Zahir , Faisal Mian Muhammad , Alzaid Meshal 
Published: June 2022

SummaryIn this paper, we are reporting the zinc‐based metal‐organic framework nanomaterials for their application as a supercapattery device. The facile hydrothermal technique had been utilized to synthesize the MOF material. The surface morphology, crystallinity, and porosity were investigated with X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis. To study the ability of the synthesized material for the storage of charges, electrochemical characterizations such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were performed in 1.0 M potassium hydroxide electrolyte. The specific capacity has been calculated from GCD curves and the material delivers 200 C/g at a current density of 0.7 A/g. This material revealed excellent performance in three‐electrode assembly and therefore coupled with activated carbon (Zn‐MOF//AC) to analyze the real energy and power density. This asymmetric assembly (supercapattery) had been tested with CV, GCD, and EIS. From all these characterizations, it was founded that the device was able to store charges of 172 C/g along with the excellent energy density and power density of 38.05 Wh/kg and 240 W/kg, respectively. The supercapattery revealed exceptional cyclic stability of 93.6% even after 2500 GCD cycles along with 100% of columbic efficiency. Furthermore, the diffusion‐controlled and surface‐controlled contributions were investigated for the assembled supercapattery, and it is found that the device stores energy through both the contributions. The maximum diffusive contribution by the device was 70.13% at the scan rate of 10 mV/s, which reaches to 42.75% at 100 mV/s scan rate. Likewise, the surface control contribution of the device was 29.86% at 10 mV/s, which rises up to 57.24% at 100 mV/s scan rate. These variations are attributed to the scan rates, which allow the ions to interact fast/slow with electrodes. Our analysis indicates that the synthesized material can be utilized as an interesting high‐performance electrode material for supercapattery devices.
An extra hour wasted? Bar closing hours and traffic accidents in Norway
Authors: Green Colin , Krehic Lana 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDriving under the influence of alcohol is a major cause of fatalities worldwide. There have been a range of legislative and policy interventions aiming to address this. Bar closing hours is one policy with clear implications for drink driving. Existing evidence, largely drawn from one‐off policy changes in urban settings, reports mixed evidence that is difficult to generalize. We return to this issue using a setting, Norway, that is advantageous due to large temporal and regional variation in closing times, frequent changes, and a lack of confounding policy changes. We demonstrate an average zero effect of closing hours on traffic accidents that masks large variations in effects: in terms of population density; accident severity; and direction of change in closing hours. Extensions in closing hours in populous municipalities decrease accidents, whereas the opposite is true for rural municipalities. Our findings suggest that estimates from single policy changes may be difficult to generalize, while demonstrating that closing hours can generate large effects on traffic accidents.
Long‐term results of robotic‐assisted nasopharyngectomy for recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Tsang Raymond K. , Chan Walter C. P. , Holsinger Floyd Christopher , Chung Joseph C. K. , Chow Velda L. Y. , Chan Jimmy Y. W. , Ho Wai‐Kuen , Wei William I. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe have previously reported our early experience in robotic‐assisted nasopharyngectomy. The current case series is a report of our experience in 33 robotic‐assisted nasopharyngectomy.MethodsProspective series of patients who underwent robotic‐assisted nasopharyngectomy for local recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma from January 2010 to March 2019.ResultsThirty‐one patients underwent robotic‐assisted nasopharyngectomy with two additional second procedure for positive margin. Median age is 55 years (29–85). Twenty‐five patients had rT1 disease and six patients had tumor invaded sphenoid floor (rT3). Median operative time was 227 min and median blood loss was 200 ml. The median follow‐up period for all patients were 38 months. Four patients had local recurrence. Five‐year local control rate, overall survival, and disease‐free survival are 85.1%, 55.7%, and 69.1%, respectively.ConclusionRobotic‐assisted nasopharyngectomy for recurrent nasopharyngectomy was showed to have a high local control rate. The operating time was comparable to open surgery.
Improved prognosis of hepatitis C‐related hepatocellular carcinoma in the era of direct‐acting antivirals
Authors: Fukumoto Tsuyoshi , Minami Tatsuya , Moriyama Makoto , Yamada Tomoharu , Wake Taijiro , Kinoshita Mizuki Nishibatake , Fujiwara Naoto , Nakagomi Ryo , Nakatsuka Takuma , Sato Masaya , Enooku Kenichiro , Nakagawa Hayato , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro , Shiina Shuichiro , Koike Kazuhiko , Tateishi Ryosuke 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The prognostic impact of direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) on patients with hepatitis C‐related hepatocellular carcinoma (C‐HCC) is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the prognosis of C‐HCC in the DAA era. We enrolled 1237 consecutive patients with treatment‐naive C‐HCC who underwent radical radiofrequency ablation between 1999 and 2019. We also enrolled 350 patients with nonviral HCC as controls. We divided these patients into three groups according to the year of initial treatment: 1999–2005 (cohort 1), 2006–2013 (cohort 2), and 2014–2019 (cohort 3). The use of antiviral agents and their effect in patients with C‐HCC was investigated. Overall survival was evaluated for each cohort using the Kaplan‐Meier method and a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model. Sustained virologic response (SVR) was achieved in 52 (10%), 157 (26%), and 102 (74%) patients with C‐HCC in cohorts 1–3, respectively. The 3‐ and 5‐year survival rates of patients with C‐HCC were 82% and 59% in cohort 1; 80% and 64% in cohort 2; and 86% and 78% in cohort 3, respectively (p = 0.003). Multivariable analysis adjusted for age, liver function, and tumor extension showed that the prognosis of C‐HCC improved in cohort 3 compared to cohort 1 (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32–0.73; p < 0.001), whereas the prognosis of nonviral HCC did not improve significantly (aHR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.59–1.57; p = 0.88). The prognosis of C‐HCC drastically improved with the advent of DAAs.