bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salt-wasting congenital adrenal hyperplasia phenotype as a result of the TNXA/TNXB chimera 1 (CAH-X CH-1) and the pathogenic IVS2-13A/C > G in CYP21A2 gene
Authors: Fanis Pavlos , Skordis Nicos , Phylactou Leonidas A. , Neocleous Vassos 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Genetic diversity of mutations in the CYP21A2 gene is the main cause of the monogenic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) disorder. On chromosome 6p21.3, the CYP21A2 gene is partially overlapped by the TNXB gene, the two residing in tandem with their highly homologous corresponding pseudogenes (CYP21A1P and TNXA), which leads to recurrent homologous recombination.

Methods and results
In the present study, the genetic status of an ethnic Greek-Cypriot family, with a female neonate that was originally classified as male and manifested the salt-wasting (SW) form, is presented. Genetic defects in the CYP21A2 and TNXB genes were investigated by Sanger sequencing multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and a real-time PCR assay. The neonate carried in compound heterozygosity the TNXA/TNXB chimeric gene complex (termed CAH-X CH-1) that results in a contiguous CYP21A2 and TNXB deletion and in her second allele the pathogenic IVS2-13A/C > G (c.655A/C > G) in CYP21A2.

Conclusions
The classic SW-CAH due to 21-hydroxylase (21-OH) deficiency may result from various complex etiological mechanisms and, as such, can involve the formation of monoallelic TNXA/TNXB chimeras found in trans with other CYP21A2 pathogenic variants. This is a rare case of CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, which elucidates the role of the complex RCCX CNV structure in the development of the disease. Identification of the correct CAH genotypes for a given phenotype is of considerable value in assisting clinicians in prenatal diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and genetic counseling.
Dynamic response characteristics of the 67-type railway pontoon bridge
Authors: Zhao Cunbao , Jiang Zhongming , Leira Bernt J. , Shi Xuzhao , Zheng Zhaofeng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn China at present, the 67-type railway pontoon bridge is part of the main reserve standard equipment that can be utilized for traffic emergency of cross-river bridges. Based on the potential flow theory and boundary element method (the three-dimensional source distribution method), this paper studies the dynamic response characteristics of the 67- type railway pontoon bridge under the action of waves and train loads (the live load of the Chinese Standard-18). First of all, the hydrodynamic characteristics based on application of other computation models applied in relation to floating bridges are compared with the results obtained by the present approach. Secondly, the effects of varying the related wave parameters (i.e. wave period and angle of incidence) on the dynamic response of the 67-type emergency railway pontoon bridge (as installed across the Ji Canal within the Beijing-Shanhaiguan line) are investigated. Finally, the load effects in the girder when this bridge is subjected to the action of various wave and train loads are analyzed. The calculation results indicate that the method proposed in this paper has good generality which enables it to perform a better analysis of the hydrodynamic characteristics of this kind of practical emergency pontoon.Article highlights

Research on dynamic response for the major railway emergency pontoon in China are carried out;

The three-dimensional source distribution method and FEM is adopted;

Simulate traffic loads with the live load of the Chinese Standard-18.
Detection of road traffic anomalies based on computational data science
Authors: Raiyn Jamal 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe development of 5G has enabled the autonomous vehicles (AVs) to have full control over all functions. The AV acts autonomously and collects travel data based on various smart devices and sensors, with the goal of enabling it to operate under its own power. However, the collected data is affected by several sources that degrade the forecasting accuracy. To manage large amounts of traffic data in different formats, a computational data science approach (CDS) is proposed. The computational data science scheme introduced to detect anomalies in traffic data that negatively affect traffic efficiency. The combination of data science and advanced artificial intelligence techniques, such as deep leaning provides higher degree of data anomalies detection which leads to reduce traffic congestion and vehicular queuing. The main contribution of the CDS approach is summarized in detection of the factors that caused data anomalies early to avoid long-term traffic congestions. Moreover, CDS indicated a promoting results in various road traffic scenarios.
Communicating from a distance: medical student perspectives from a robotic bedside assist simulation
Authors: Greenberg Anya L. , Syed Shareef M. , Alseidi Adnan A. , O’Sullivan Patricia S. , Chern Hueylan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
To safely engage medical students in robotic operations as bedside assists would require new curricula. We aimed to understand student perspectives on communication with a console surgeon during a bedside assist simulation as a step in the process of designing an effective bedside assist curriculum.

Methods
Senior medical students were offered an introductory robotic surgery course. An Intuitive Surgical trainer reviewed robotic features, functionalities, and roles. Then, students participated in a simulation where they introduced an instrument through a laparoscopic port and advanced it into the field of view navigating around obstacles. A non-surgeon researcher conducted post-course focus groups (FGs) to explore participants’ perceptions about communication with the console surgeon during the simulation. Using FG transcriptions, two researchers conducted an inductive thematic analysis.

Results
Thirteen students (46% female) participated in three FGs. The first theme, tension between hierarchy and patient safety, reflected students’ pressure to follow instructions quickly and obediently from their superior and trepidation about revealing knowledge gaps as barriers to communication. Students also recognized that patient safety as at risk with rote following of instructions in the face of their uncertainty. The second theme identified opportunities to enhance communication including shared vocabulary, effective team dynamics, and explicit expectations.

Conclusion
Barriers to effective communication between students and surgical faculty exist. Establishing a bedside assist curriculum that teaches relevant terminology, communicating specific expectations, and promoting a team culture that fosters open communication without judgment may safely expand the role for students in robotic cases.
Mining Statistically Significant Patterns with High Utility
Authors: Tang Huijun , Qian Jiangbo , Liu Yangguang , Gao Xiao-Zhi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStatistically significant pattern mining (SSPM) is to mine patterns with significance based on hypothesis test. Under the constraint of statistical significance, our study aims to introduce a new preference relation into high utility patterns and to discover high utility and significant patterns (HUSPs) from transaction datasets, which has never been considered in existing SSPM problems. Our approach can be divided into two parts, HUSP-Mining and HUSP-Test. HUSP-Mining looks for HUSP candidates and HUSP-Test tests their significance. HUSP-Mining is not outputting all high utility itemsets (HUIs) as HUSP candidates; it is established based on candidate length and testable support requirements which can remove many insignificant HUIs early in the mining process; compared with the traditional HUIs mining algorithm, it can get candidates in a short time without losing the real HUSPs. HUSP-Test is to draw significant patterns from the results of HUSP-Mining based on Fisher’s test. We propose an iterative multiple testing procedure, which can alternately and efficiently reject a hypothesis and safely ignore the hypotheses that have less utility than the rejected hypothesis. HUSP-Test controls Family-wise Error Rate (FWER) under a user-defined threshold by correcting the test level which can find more HUSPs than standard Bonferroni’s control. Substantial experiments on real datasets show that our algorithm can draw HUSPs efficiently from transaction datasets with strong mathematical guarantee.
Humanizing Science and Philosophy of Science: George Sarton, Contextualist Philosophies of Science, and the Indigenous/Science Project
Authors: Wylie Alison 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA century ago historian of science George Sarton argued that “science is our greatest treasure, but it needs to be humanized or it will do more harm than good” (1924). The systematic cultivation of an “historical spirit,” a philosophical appreciation of the dynamic nature of scientific inquiry, and a recognition that science is irreducibly a “collective enterprise” was, on Sarton’s account, crucial to the humanizing mission he advocated. These elements of Sarton’s program are more relevant than ever as philosophers of science articulate research programs that take seriously the contextual factors, situated interests, and historical contingencies that shape the sciences we study. I trace the trajectory of a long-term philosophical engagement with archaeology that illustrates a succession of ways in which social, cultural, and political values configure inquiry, culminating in a program of collaborative research that raises the question of what role philosophers can usefully play when the challenges of humanizing scientific practice have centrally to do with navigating entrenched asymmetries of power.
Uniqueness of enhancements for derived and geometric categories
Authors: Canonaco Alberto , Neeman Amnon , Stellari Paolo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe prove that the derived categories of abelian categories have unique enhancements—all of them, the unbounded, bounded, bounded above and bounded below derived categories. The unseparated and left completed derived categories of a Grothendieck abelian category are also shown to have unique enhancements. Finally, we show that the derived category of complexes with quasi-coherent cohomology and the category of perfect complexes have unique enhancements for quasi-compact and quasi-separated schemes.
Risk factors for mechanical complications of peripherally inserted central catheters in children
Authors: Greencorn David J. , Kuhle Stefan , Ye Lingyun , Moore Kieran J. , Kulkarni Ketan P. , Langley Joanne M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjective:To determine risk factors for mechanical (noninfectious) complications in peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) in children.Design:Retrospective cohort study.Setting:Pediatric tertiary-care center in Nova Scotia, Canada.Patients:Pediatric patients with a first PICC insertion.Methods:All PICCs inserted between January 2001 until 2016 were included. Age-stratified (neonates vs non-neonates) Fine–Grey competing risk proportional hazard models were used to model the association between each putative risk factor and the time to mechanical complication or removal of the PICC for reasons not related to a mechanical complication. Models were adjusted for confounding variables identified through directed acyclic graphs.Results:Of 3,205 patients with PICCs, 706 had mechanical complications (22% or 14 events/1000 device days). For both neonates and older children, disease group, lumen count, and prior leak were all associated with mechanical complications in the adjusted proportional hazards model. Access vein and prior infection were also associated with mechanical complications for neonates, and age group was associated with mechanical complications among non-neonates.Conclusions:We have identified several risk factors for mechanical complications in patients with PICCs that will help improve best practices for PICC insertion and care.
The role of multi-dimensional women's empowerment in agriculture to improve the nutritional status of under-five children in rural cash crop producing, resource-limited settings of Ethiopia
Authors: Jisso Meskerem , Tesfaye Tizalegn , Biadgilign Sibhatu , Tareke Amare Abera , Zerfu Tadesse Alemu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Little is known about the relation between the women empowerment in agriculture index, and health and nutrition outcomes among under-five children in Ethiopia. The study's objective was to examine women's empowerment in agriculture and its association with the nutritional status of children (6–59 months) in rural, cash crop producing, and resource-limited settings of Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted employing 422 households; having women of reproductive age group and children under-five. Stratified simple random sampling was used to identify households; a simple random sampling was used to select villages and households. Women empowerment in agriculture was measured by the abbreviated women empowerment in agriculture index. Even if the overall multi-dimensional five domains of empowerment index (5DE) was not a significant predictor of nutritional status in children (P > 0⋅05), sub-indicators had a pivotal role in child nutritional status. Disempowerment in decisions about input into production [AOR = 8⋅85], empowerment on control of income [AOR = 0⋅35] and availability of livestock [AOR = 0⋅38] were predictors of child stunting, whereas women's disempowerment in production decisions seems beneficiary for wasting, disempowered women have 84 % less likely to have wasted child than empowered women [AOR = 0⋅16]. Dietary and agricultural diversity [particularly livestock farming], and women's empowerment in production decisions were predictors of better nutritional outcomes in children. Therefore, a concentrated effort is needed towards strengthening the multi-dimensional empowerment of women in agriculture emphasising women's input into production decisions, dietary and agricultural diversification, mainly livestock farming.
Passenger safety in very large transport aircraft
Authors: Muir H. , Thomas L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEmergency evacuation of future very large transport aircraft (VLTA) in the event of a survivable crash poses a challenge for aircraft manufacturers and certification authorities. In addition, the increase in passenger capacity and flight duration associated with such airframes requires that some general cabin safety issues be revisited. Information gained from previous accidents and research has been reviewed with particular regard to VLTAs. This has included consideration of the issues associated with the aircraft configuration, the behaviour and training of the cabin crew, passenger behaviour in emergency situations, and issues relevant to future trends within the industry.
A study of synthetic jets from rectangular and dual-circular orifices
Authors: Watson M. , Jaworski A. J. , Wood N. J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe results of an investigation into the effect of both the number of orifices and the geometry of these orifices on the fluid structures exiting from a synthetic jet actuator are presented. The experiments have used smoke and laser visualisation and single hotwire measurement techniques to establish the flow field exiting the various orifices and the fluid velocities in the exit plane of the orifice. The results indicate that the use of two small orifices can perhaps produce two coherent vortex rings with a total circulation greater than that found in the ring produced by a large, single orifice of equivalent area. However, they have also shown that there are three different types of interaction between two adjacent orifices, related to the spacing between them and the level of excitation applied to the diaphragm. In addition, these interactions may affect the overall level of circulation in different ways. Finally the results have shown that a rectangular orifice of a given exit plane area is more likely to produce a turbulent ring than the equivalent circular orifice due to a ‘smoothing’ process which endeavours to create an axisymmetric ring from a non-axisymmetric slug of fluid. This work has shown that when using synthetic jet actuators in flow control applications, care should be taken in selecting the spacing and geometry of the orifices used, as certain set-ups may be more suited to certain applications than others.
Passive mm-wave imaging from UAVs using aperture synthesis
Authors: Harvey A. R. , Appleby R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPassive imaging using mm-waves offers very significant advantages in scientific and military surveillance. However, the relatively long wavelengths mean that for the resolutions that are typically sought, the input aperture of the imager needs to be quite large; typically in excess of one metre. Deployment of conventional dish antennae of these dimensions on small aircraft is highly problematic. The use of snapshot synthetic aperture interferometric radiometry (SAIR) offers an attractive route to integrating a two-dimensional antenna array into the structure of an aircraft so that the transverse effective dimensions of the antenna can be almost as large as the aircraft. We report here a study into the feasibility of deployment of a SAIR on unmanned airborne vehicles and the achievable performance parameters. Critical considerations are the achievement of acceptable sensitivity and angular resolution from a SAIR that does not require excessive complexity. It is shown that traditional approaches based on fully sampling the spatial frequencies in the scene are unable to simultaneously meet all of these criteria, but that a SAIR based on thinned sampling of the spatial frequencies shows promise.
EMENDATIONS IN COLUMELLA, DE RE RVSTICA BOOK 10
Authors: Kayachev Boris 
Published: October 2022

AbstractColumella's poem on horticulture, which forms Book 10 of his prose treatise De re rustica, has predominantly been edited by experts in agricultural writings rather than in Latin poetry, leaving many textual problems unsolved or even unrecognized. This article discusses a number of passages and proposes some thirty emendations.
ANALYSIS OF ‘IMMINENCE’ IN INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION CLAIMS:TEITIOTA V NEW ZEALANDAND BEYOND
Authors: Foster Michelle , McAdam Jane 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe UN Human Rights Committee's finding inTeitiota v New Zealandhas garnered widespread global attention for its recognition that the effects of climate change may put people's lives at risk or expose them to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, thus triggering States’non-refoulementobligations. However, a secondary—and highly problematic—consequence of the decision has been its confusing and misplaced focus on ‘imminence’ of harm. This reflects a concerning, albeit uneven, trend in human rights cases generally (and cases concerning climate change and human rights, in particular) to recognize violations only where rights are immediately threatened. This short article reflects on the assumptions thatTeitiotahas triggered about the place of imminence in international protection claims, identifies the source of confusion, and suggests a more appropriate framework to guide a category of case that is likely to become the subject of intense litigation in the future.
CLARIFYING HUMAN RIGHTS STANDARDS THROUGH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE INITIATIVES
Authors: Lane Lottie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTaking a law-and-governance approach, this article addresses legal certainty in international human rights law as it applies to artificial intelligence (AI). After introducing key issues concerning legal certainty, a comparative analysis of AI law-and-governance initiatives at the international, regional and national levels is undertaken. The article argues that many initiatives contribute to increased legal certainty and can partially compensate for some of the shortcomings of the international human rights law framework, but that further clarification is badly needed. This is especially true for the responsibilities of private businesses which are developing AI and the corpus of human rights beyond privacy and data protection.
Piloting development of species conservation action plans in Guinea
Authors: Couch Charlotte , Molmou Denise , Magassouba Sékou , Doumbouya Saïdou , Diawara Mamadou , Diallo Muhammad Yaya , Keita Sékou Moussa , Koné Falaye , Diallo Mahamadou Cellou , Kourouma Sékou , Diallo Mamadou Bella , Keita Mamady Sayba , Oularé Aboubacar , Darbyshire Iain , Gosline George , Nic Lughadha Eimear , van der Burgt Xander , Larridon Isabel , Cheek Martin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractConservation action plans need to be devised and implemented if we are to reduce the extinction risk faced by globally threatened plants. However, most plant species categorized as threatened globally on the IUCN Red List lack conservation action plans. In West Africa, Guinea is one of the most diverse countries in terms of botanical species. In total, 273 plant species in Guinea have been assessed as being threatened globally, reflecting increasing pressure from the extractive industry and a growing population requiring food and fuel. In parallel with the implementation of an Important Plant Area programme in Guinea, we developed conservation action plans for 20 threatened plant species through a pilot study. We outline the methods we used and demonstrate the importance of adopting a collaborative approach and having up-to-date field information. The need for such plans is urgent, with recent estimates suggesting that one-third of African plants are threatened with extinction. Based on our experience with the first 20 conservation action plans for Guinea species, we suggest that the preparation of multi-species conservation action plans would be an efficient use of the limited resources available for species conservation.