bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging the Deep Spinal Cord Microvascular Structure and Function with High‐Speed NIR‐II Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Zhang Hequn , Zhu Liang , Gao Dave Schwinn , Liu Yin , Zhang Jun , Yan Min , Qian Jun , Xi Wang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe spinal cord (SC) is crucial for a myriad of somatosensory, autonomic signal processing, and transductions. Understanding the SC vascular structure and function thus plays an integral part in neuroscience and clinical research. However, the dense layers of myelinated ascending axons on the dorsal side inconveniently grant the SC tissue with high optical scattering property, which significantly hinders the imaging depth of the SC vasculature in vivo. Commonly used antiscattering techniques such as multiphoton fluorescence microscopy have low imaging speed and cannot capture the rapid vascular particle flow without significant motion blur. Here, advantage of the high penetration of near‐infrared (NIR)‐II fluorescence is taken to demonstrate a deep SC vascular structural image stack up to 350 µm, comparable to two‐photon microscopy. Furthermore, the red blood cells are labelled with the clinically approved NIR dye indocyanine. The combination of a fast NIR camera and indocyanine green‐red blood cells (RBCs) makes it possible to attain high‐speed 100 frame‐per‐second NIR‐II imaging to identify the corresponding changes in RBC velocity during the external hind leg stimulus. For the first time, it is established that the NIR‐II region would be a promising spectral window for SC imaging. NIR‐II fluorescence microscopy has excellent potential for clinical and basic science research on SC.
Robust structural control of a real high‐rise tower equipped with a hybrid mass damper
Authors: Koutsoloukas Lefteris , Nikitas Nikolaos , Aristidou Petros 
Published: May 2022

SummaryIn this paper, the robust control of a real high‐rise tower is studied, using a newly proposed, in the structural control field, Robust Model Predictive Control scheme (RMPC). Two RMPC controllers were designed considering either displacement mitigation (RMPC1) or power consumption efficiency (RMPC2). The two controllers were compared to the benchmark, robustness‐wise, H∞control scheme to demonstrate their relative performance. A number of stiffness and damping uncertainty scenarios were designed based on a broad study of the relevant literature, in order to estimate the robustness of each of the three controllers. In all scenarios, variable actuator uncertainty of was introduced. It was found that all controllers are effective in controlling the tower and demonstrate robustness against parametric and actuator uncertainties with different relative merits over each other. Indicatively, when considering root‐mean‐square (RMS) and peak displacement and acceleration reduction, the H∞had an average performance reduction of 24%, the RMPC131% and the RMPC228% against their uncontrolled equivalent.
It's time to do more research on the attitude–behavior relation: A commentary on implicit attitude measures
Authors: Dai Wenhao , Albarracín Dolores 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe recent exchange about implicit attitudes is an acute reminder of the need to pay research attention to the correlation between implicit attitudes and overt behavior. Current implicit measures are excellent to detect evaluatively relevant associations arising from specific and variable internal states and predict judgments when people lack the motivation and ability to control those judgments. However, there is no convincing evidence of a strong correlation between such implicit attitudes and overt behavior when people's ability and motivation to control the influence of these attitudes is low. Researchers should improve implicit measures by better integrating action, target, level, and context into the measurement procedures and then reexamine if these improved measures predict socially undesirable behaviors when ability and motivation to control behavior are low.This article is categorized under:
Psychology > Theory and Methods
Neuroscience > Behavior
Neuroscience > Cognition
Projective Points Over Matrices and Their Separability Properties
Authors: Agnew Alfonso F. , Rathbun Matt , Terry William 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this article we consider topological quotients of real and complex matrices by various subgroups and their connections to spacetime structures. These spaces are naturally interpreted as projective points. In particular, we look at quotients of nonzero matrices$$M^*_2({\mathbb {F}})$$M2∗(F)by$$GL_2({\mathbb {F}}),$$GL2(F),$$SL_2({\mathbb {F}}),$$SL2(F),$$O_2({\mathbb {F}}),$$O2(F),and$$SO_2({\mathbb {F}})$$SO2(F)and prove various results about their topological separability properties. We discuss the interesting result that, as the group we quotient by gets smaller, the separability properties of the quotient improve.
Long-amplicon MinION-based sequencing study in a salt-contaminated twelfth century granite-built chapel
Authors: Pavlović Jelena , Bosch-Roig Pilar , Rusková Magdalena , Planý Matej , Pangallo Domenico , Sanmartín Patricia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe irregular damp dark staining on the stonework of a salt-contaminated twelfth century granite-built chapel is thought to be related to a non-homogeneous distribution of salts and microbial communities. To enhance understanding of the role of microorganisms in the presence of salt and damp stains, we determined the salt content and identified the microbial ecosystem in several paving slabs and inner wall slabs (untreated and previously bio-desalinated) and in the exterior surrounding soil. Soluble salt analysis and culture-dependent approaches combined with archaeal and bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal ITS fragment as well as with the functional genesnirK,dsr, andsoxBlong-amplicon MinION-based sequencing were performed. State-of-the-art technology was used for microbial identification, providing information about the microbial diversity and phylogenetic groups present and enabling us to gain some insight into the biological cycles occurring in the community key genes involved in the different geomicrobiological cycles. A well-defined relationship between microbial data and soluble salts was identified, suggesting that poorly soluble salts (CaSO4) could fill the pores in the stone and lead to condensation and dissolution of highly soluble salts (Ca(NO3)2and Mg(NO3)2) in the thin layer of water formed on the stonework. By contrast, no direct relationship between the damp staining and the salt content or related microbiota was established. Further analysis regarding organic matter and recalcitrant elements in the stonework should be carried out.Key points•Poorly (CaSO4) and highly (Ca(NO3)2, Mg(NO3)2) soluble salts were detected•Halophilic and mineral weathering microorganisms reveal ecological impacts of salts•Microbial communities involved in nitrate and sulfate cycles were detected
Considering Fish as Recipients of Ecosystem Services Provides a Framework to Formally Link Baseline, Development, and Post-operational Monitoring Programs and Improve Aquatic Impact Assessments for Large Scale Developments
Authors: Brown Carolyn J. M. , Curry R. Allen , Gray Michelle A. , Lento Jennifer , MacLatchy Deborah L. , Monk Wendy A. , Pavey Scott A. , St-Hilaire André , Wegscheider Bernhard , Munkittrick Kelly R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn most countries, major development projects must satisfy an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process that considers positive and negative aspects to determine if it meets environmental standards and appropriately mitigates or offsets negative impacts on the values being considered. The benefits of before-after-control-impact monitoring designs have been widely known for more than 30 years, but most development assessments fail to effectively link pre- and post-development monitoring in a meaningful way. Fish are a common component of EIA evaluation for both socioeconomic and scientific reasons. The Ecosystem Services (ES) concept was developed to describe the ecosystem attributes that benefit humans, and it offers the opportunity to develop a framework for EIA that is centred around the needs of and benefits from fish. Focusing an environmental monitoring framework on the critical needs of fish could serve to better align risk, development, and monitoring assessment processes. We define the ES that fish provide in the context of two common ES frameworks. To allow for linkages between environmental assessment and the ES concept, we describe critical ecosystem functions from a fish perspective to highlight potential monitoring targets that relate to fish abundance, diversity, health, and habitat. Finally, we suggest how this framing of a monitoring process can be used to better align aquatic monitoring programs across pre-development, development, and post-operational monitoring programs.
Trafficking of the glutamate transporter is impaired in LRRK2-related Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Iovino Ludovica , Giusti Veronica , Pischedda Francesca , Giusto Elena , Plotegher Nicoletta , Marte Antonella , Battisti Ilaria , Di Iacovo Angela , Marku Algerta , Piccoli Giovanni , Bandopadhyay Rina , Perego Carla , Bonifacino Tiziana , Bonanno Giambattista , Roseti Cristina , Bossi Elena , Arrigoni Giorgio , Bubacco Luigi , Greggio Elisa , Hilfiker Sabine , Civiero Laura 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2 (EAAT2) accounts for 80% of brain glutamate clearance and is mainly expressed in astrocytic perisynaptic processes. EAAT2 function is finely regulated by endocytic events, recycling to the plasma membrane and degradation. Noteworthy, deficits in EAAT2 have been associated with neuronal excitotoxicity and neurodegeneration. In this study, we show that EAAT2 trafficking is impaired by the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) pathogenic variant G2019S, a common cause of late-onset familial Parkinson’s disease (PD). In LRRK2 G2019S human brains and experimental animal models, EAAT2 protein levels are significantly decreased, which is associated with elevated gliosis. The decreased expression of the transporter correlates with its reduced functionality in mouse LRRK2 G2019S purified astrocytic terminals and in Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing human LRRK2 G2019S. In LRRK2 G2019S knock-in mouse brain, the correct surface localization of the endogenous transporter is impaired, resulting in its interaction with a plethora of endo-vesicular proteins. Mechanistically, we report that pathogenic LRRK2 kinase activity delays the recycling of the transporter to the plasma membrane via Rabs inactivation, causing its intracellular re-localization and degradation. Taken together, our results demonstrate that pathogenic LRRK2 interferes with the physiology of EAAT2, pointing to extracellular glutamate overload as a possible contributor to neurodegeneration in PD.
Variational setting for cracked beams and shallow arches
Authors: Gutman Semion , Ha Junhong , Shon Sudeok 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe develop a rigorous mathematical framework for the weak formulation of cracked beams and shallow arches problems. First, we discuss the crack modeling by means of massless rotational springs. Then we introduce Hilbert spaces, which are sufficiently wide to accommodate such representations. Our main result is the introduction of a specially designed linear operator that “absorbs” the boundary conditions at the cracks. We also provide mathematical justification and derivation of the Modified Shifrin’s method for an efficient computation of the eigenvalues and the eigenfunctions for cracked beams.
Spatial and temporal volcanotectonic evolution of Santorini volcano, Greece
Authors: Drymoni Kyriaki , Browning John , Gudmundsson Agust 
Published: May 2022

AbstractVolcanic and tectonic activities in the Aegean region have controlled the evolution of Santorini volcano, including changes in the shape and size of the island through time. Previous studies associate much of the island’s volcanic activity with the presence of regional faults, but a comprehensive volcanotectonic study that clarifies the relationship between dyking and faulting in the island has not been made. Here we present a detailed structural analysis focused on the northern caldera wall of Santorini, where numerous dykes and faults outcrop and can be studied in the mesoscale. To augment our discussion of dyke and fault interactions, we combine previous volcanological and geophysical observations with our structural analysis to report the volcanotectonic evolution of the northern part of the island and design a conceptual spatial-temporal model. We mapped 91 dyke segments and 15 faults and classified the latter, where possible, with respect to their observed or recorded kinematics, their size, and the active stress field under which they were formed based on prior geophysical data. We relate our observations to a mechanical unconformity within the northern caldera wall. Our field observations, coupled with previous numerical, geophysical, and volcanological studies, offer insights on the interaction between dykes and faults and indicate the conditions under which the faults facilitated magma emplacement, or not, during the volcano’s activity. Our analysis attempts to answer an essential question: under what conditions do crustal faults facilitate or inhibit magma propagation to the surface, with application to the island of Santorini.
Role of alpha-lipoic acid in counteracting paclitaxel- and doxorubicin-induced toxicities: a randomized controlled trial in breast cancer patients
Authors: Werida Rehab H. , Elshafiey Reham A. , Ghoneim Asser , Elzawawy Sherif , Mostafa Tarek M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background and objective
Paclitaxel and doxorubicin are associated with neurotoxicity and cardiotoxicity respectively. This study aimed at investigating the role of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) in counteracting paclitaxel-induced neuropathy and doxorubicin-associated cardiotoxicity in women with breast cancer.

Patients and methods
This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled prospective study included 64 patients with breast cancer who were randomized into control group (n = 32) which received 4 cycles of doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide (every 21 days) followed by weekly doses of paclitaxel for 12 weeks plus placebo tablets once daily and ALA group (n = 32) which received the same chemotherapeutic regimen plus ALA 600 once daily for 6 months. Patients were assessed by National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTCAE version 4.0) for grading of neuropathy and by 12-item neurotoxicity questionnaire (Ntx-12). The assessment included also echocardiography and evaluation of serum levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA), and neurotensin (NT). Data were analyzed by paired and unpaired t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, and chi-square test.

Results
As compared to placebo, ALA provoked significant improvement in NCI-CTCAE neuropathy grading and Ntx-12 score after the end of 9th and 12th weeks of paclitaxel intake (p = 0.039, p = 0.039, p = 0.03, p = 0.004, respectively). At the end of the chemotherapy cycles, ALA resulted in significant decline in serum levels of BNP, TNF-α, MDA, and neurotensin (p < 0.05) as compared to baseline data and placebo.

Conclusion
Alpha-lipoic acid may represent a promising adjuvant therapy to attenuate paclitaxel-associated neuropathy and doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in women with breast cancer.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03908528.
The Prevalence and Patterns of Menopausal Symptoms in Women Living with HIV
Authors: Okhai H , Sabin C , Haag K , Sherr L , Dhairyawan R , Shephard J , Richard G , Burns F , Post F , Jones R , Gilleece Y , Tariq S 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIncreasing numbers of women with HIV are experiencing menopause. We use data from a large, representative sample of women with HIV to describe the prevalence and clustering of menopausal symptoms amongst pre-, peri- and post-menopausal women using hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis. Of the 709 women included, 21.6%, 44.9% and 33.6% were pre-, peri- and post-menopausal, respectively. Joint pain (66.4%) was the most commonly reported symptom, followed by hot flashes (63.0%), exhaustion (61.6%) and sleep problems (61.4%). All symptoms were reported more commonly by peri- and post-menopausal women compared to pre-menopausal women. Psychological symptoms and sleep problems clustered together at all menopausal stages. Somatic and urogenital symptom clusters emerged more distinctly at peri- and post-menopause. We recommend regular and proactive assessment of menopausal symptoms in midlife women with HIV, with an awareness of how particular patterns of symptoms may evolve over the menopausal transition.
The association between breast density and breast cancer pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Cullinane C. , Brien A. O. , Shrestha A. , Hanlon E. O. , Walshe J. , Geraghty J. , Evoy D. , McCartan D. , McDermott E. , Prichard R. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Mammographic Density (MD) refers to the amount of fibroglandular breast tissue present in the breast and is an established risk factor for developing breast cancer. The ability to evaluate treatment response dynamically renders neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) the preferred treatment option in many clinical scenarios. Previous studies have suggested that MD can predict patients likely to achieve a pathological complete response (pCR) to NACT. We aimed to determine whether there is a causal relationship between BI-RADS breast composition categories for breast density at diagnosis and the pCR rate and residual cancer burden score (RCB) by performing a retrospective review on consecutive breast cancer patients who received NACT in a tertiary referral centre from 2015 to 2021.

Methods
The Mann–Whitney U Test was used to test for differences between two independent groups (i.e. those who achieved pCR and those who did not). A binary logistic regression model was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for an association between the independent variables of molecular subtype, MD, histological grade and FNA positivity and the dependant variable of pCR. Statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS (IBM SPSS for Mac, Version 26.0; IBM Corp).

Results
292 patients were included in the current study. There were 124, 155 and 13 patients in the BI-RADS MD category b, c and d, respectively. There were no patients in the BI-RADS MD category a. The patients with less dense breast composition (MD category b) were significantly older than patients with denser breast composition (MD category c, d) (p = 0.001) and patients who had a denser breast composition (MD category d) were more likely to have ER+ tumours. There was no significant difference in PgR status, HER2 status, pathological complete response (pCR), FNA positivity, or RCB class dependent upon the three MD categories. A binary logistic regression revealed that patients with HER2-enriched breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer are more likely to achieve pCR with an OR of 3.630 (95% CI 1.360–9.691, p = 0.010) and 2.445 (95% CI 1.131–5.288, p = 0.023), respectively.

Conclusion
Whilst dense MD was associated with ER positivity and these women were less likely to achieve a pCR, MD did not appear to independently predict pCR post-NACT.
Longitudinal CMR assessment of cardiac global longitudinal strain and hemodynamic forces in a mouse model of heart failure
Authors: Daal Mariah R. R. , Strijkers Gustav J. , Hautemann David J. , Nederveen Aart J. , Wüst Rob C. I. , Coolen Bram F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo longitudinally assess left ventricle (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) and hemodynamic forces during the early stages of cardiac dysfunction in a mouse model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Cardiac MRI measurements were performed in control mice (n = 6), and db/db mice (n = 7), whereby animals were scanned four times between the age of 11–15 weeks. After the first scan, the db/db animals received a doxycycline intervention to accelerate progression of HFpEF. Systolic function was evaluated based on a series of prospectively ECG-triggered short-axis CINE images acquired from base to apex. Cardiac GLS and hemodynamic forces values were evaluated based on high frame rate retrospectively gated 2-, 3-, and 4-chamber long-axis CINE images. Ejection fraction (EF) was not different between control and db/db animals, despite that cardiac output, as well as end systolic and end diastolic volume were significantly higher in control animals. Whereas GLS parameters were not significantly different between groups, hemodynamic force root mean square (RMS) values, as well as average hemodynamic forces and the ratio between hemodynamic forces in the inferolateral-anteroseptal and apical–basal direction were lower in db/db mice compared to controls. More importantly, hemodynamic forces parameters showed a significant interaction effect between time and group. Our results indicated that hemodynamic forces parameters were the only functional outcome measure that showed distinct temporal differences between groups. As such, changes in hemodynamic forces reflect early alterations in cardiac function which can be of added value in (pre)clinical research on HFpEF.
Diving and feeding of adult Atlantic salmon when migrating through the coastal zone in Norway
Authors: Hedger R. D. , Kjellman M. , Thorstad E. B. , Strøm J. F. , Rikardsen A. H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAtlantic salmon post-spawners from a population in northern Norway were tagged with data storage tags (N = 773), and the depth use and diving behaviour of recaptured individuals within the coastal zone were examined, both on their outward migration to sea (N = 44) and their return to the natal river after overwintering at sea (N = 34). In addition, the stomach contents of 909 returning adults caught in the fjord were examined to determine the extent to which, how recently and on what species they had fed. The tagged individuals migrated through surface waters and performed aperiodic dives, regardless of whether they were leaving the fjord as post-spawners (kelts) or returning after a winter or more at sea. However, diving behaviour differed between the fjord and outer coast. During both outward and return migration, dives when fish were likely in the fjord were shallower than on the outer coast. Deep dives of longer duration were more frequent on the outer coast than in the fjord. The stomach content analysis of salmon captured in the fjord did not show strong evidence of recent feeding: 58% of the salmon had empty stomachs, and most stomach contents were highly digested fish (mainly herring, but some capelin and unidentifiable species). We conclude that the inferred diving behaviour in the coastal zone, both on outward migration to sea and on return to the natal river, did not provide sufficient evidence of foraging within the water column, and hypothesize that diving in search for navigation cues is a more likely explanation.