bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Bilaterality in Patients With 1 Posterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tear
Authors: Gwark Ji-Yong , Park Hyung Bin 
Published: May 2022

Background: In patients with a known unilateral posterosuperior rotator cuff tear (PSRCT), the ability to predict a contralateral PSRCT may assist in earlier diagnosis and improved patient outcomes. Purpose: To determine factors associated with bilateral PSRCT and their most predictive combinations using a nonhospitalized general population. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This study involved 736 individuals (n = 1472 shoulders) drawn from a rural cohort. PSRCT was diagnosed using magnetic resonance imaging. Symptoms of the contralateral shoulder were not considered. The demographic, physical, social, metabolic, and imaging factors, as well as comorbidities, were evaluated using logistic regression analysis. Cutoff values for the significantly associated variables obtained from multivariable logistic regression analysis were calculated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) of the combinations of significantly associated variables were compared using the DeLong method to determine the combination most predictive of bilateral PSRCT. The likelihood ratio and the posttest probability for each of the combinations were assessed. Results: Age ≥61 years, manual labor, critical shoulder angle (CSA) ≥35°, retraction degree of Patte ≥ grade 2, biceps tendon injury, and metabolic syndrome were significantly associated with bilateral PSRCT in multivariable analysis ( P < .001). The 1-by-1 combination of any 4 of the 6 associated factors significantly increased the AUC of any smaller combinations of those 6 factors ( P < .001). The AUCs of the 4-somes were all similar ( P ≥ .383) and were not significantly increased by further addition of identified associated factors ( P ≥ .422). Any combination of 4 of the 6 associated factors was highly predictive of bilateral PSRCT, each having a minimum AUC of 0.70, a likelihood ratio of >10, and a minimum posttest probability of 80%. Conclusion: Unilateral PSRCT, accompanied by any 4 of the variables of age ≥61 years, manual labor, CSA ≥35°, retraction degree of Patte ≥ grade 2, biceps tendon injury, and metabolic syndrome, is highly predictive of PSRCT in the other shoulder.
Differences between Coracoclavicular, Acromioclavicular, or Combined Reconstruction Techniques on the Kinematics of the Shoulder Girdle
Authors: Peeters Ian , Braeckevelt Thomas , Palmans Tanneke , De Wilde Lieven , Van Tongel Alexander 
Published: May 2022

Background: Although the coracoclavicular (CC) ligaments are classically reconstructed after acromioclavicular (AC) joint injuries, biomechanical studies over the past decade have indicated the importance of an additional reconstruction of the AC ligaments. To date, no kinematic study has investigated the kinematic differences between these reconstruction strategies. Purpose: To evaluate the restoration of shoulder motion after an AC injury using a CC ligament, an AC ligament, or a combined reconstruction technique. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: After creating a Rockwood grade V lesion in 14 cadaveric shoulders, the AC joint injury was treated with either a CC ligament reconstruction using a suspension device, an in situ AC ligament reconstruction using 2 coupled soft tissue anchors, or a combination of these 2 techniques. Joint motions were registered during humerothoracic elevation in the coronal plane and protraction in the intact shoulder in a Rockwood V lesion and after the 3 reconstruction strategies. An optical navigation system measured 3-dimensional rotation in the sternoclavicular and scapulothoracic joints, and both rotation and translation were analyzed in the AC joint. Results: In the sternoclavicular joint, the CC and combined reconstruction techniques adequately restored clavicular axial rotation, while the AC reconstruction technique showed a better correction of clavicular elevation. Scapulothoracic joint rotations were best restored by reconstructing the AC ligaments. In the AC joint, the relative tilting position and the lateral rotation of the scapula compared with the clavicle were best restored by the suspension device and combined reconstruction. The AC ligament reconstruction technique demonstrated a better restoration of the relative protracted position and resulted in a better correction of the translation of the scapula relative to the clavicle. Conclusion: This study illustrates that there are kinematic differences between AC, CC, or combined ligament reconstruction strategies. Although each technique was able to restore different elements of the joint kinematics, none of the strategies completely restored the shoulder girdle to its preinjured state. Clinical Relevance: Humerothoracic movements after Rockwood V lesions are best restored using the CC reconstruction technique, and scapulothoracic movements are best restored using the AC ligament reconstruction technique.
Sensory Trial of Quintuple Fortified Salt—Salt Fortified With Iodine, Iron, Folic Acid, Vitamin B12, and Zinc—Among Consumers in New Delhi, India
Authors: Puri Seema , Rekhi Tejmeet Kaur , Thomas Tinku , Jadhav Meena Haribhau , Mannar Venkatesh , Diosady Levente L. 
Published: May 2022

Background: Micronutrient deficiencies are a cause of significant public health burden and loss of gross domestic product, especially in developing countries. Multiple fortified salt can potentially address this challenge at scale and in a cost-effective manner. Objective: This laboratory-based sensory trial evaluated the acceptability of quintuple fortified salt (Q5FS), that is, iodized salt (IS) fortified with additional 4 micronutrients: iron, folic acid, vitamin B12, and zinc. Iodized salt and double fortified salt (DFS), that is, IS fortified with iron, are used for comparison. Methods: Forty-five respondents were recruited by open invitations to the university staff and their families. Each study participant rated 10 food items each in a set of 3 identical preparations differing only in the salt used. A 5-point hedonic scale was used to rate each dish on 6 sensory attributes: appearance, color, aroma, taste, texture, and aftertaste. Finally, the dish was rated on the attribute of overall acceptability—a subjective combined score based on all sensory attributes considered together. Results: Among the 3 salt types, there was no difference in scores for the sensory attributes of appearance, aroma, taste, texture, and aftertaste, and the attribute of overall acceptability. Color in IS scored significantly higher than in Q5FS and DFS, but there was no difference between the scores of DFS and Q5FS. Conclusions: The 3 salts IS, DFS, and Q5FS are comparable to each other in all sensory properties, except for color. This study concludes that Q5FS is organoleptically acceptable under ideal conditions.
Study on the preparation and activity of intelligent response poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-ss-polyethylene glycol copolymer micelles
Authors: Wang Siying , Xie Lanlan , Liu Yanjie , Yang Qilei , Jia Wenqiang , Zhao Dongmei , Zhao Xiuhua 
Published: May 2022

Amphiphilic polymer micellar carriers are the most commonly used nanocarriers for oral delivery of hydrophobic drugs because their hydrophilic shell can avoid the recognition of the reticuloendothelial system (RES), has excellent drug-carrying capacity, and protect the drug from inactivation in the gastrointestinal fluid. The polymer micelle shell can enter cancer cells by endocytosis, and autophagy in cells, degradation by lysosomal pathway, so as to release drugs, prolong the circulation time of drugs in vivo, and then achieve the effect of drug sustained release. In this study, the glutathione-responsive PLGA-ss-PEG loaded paclitaxel (PTX) micelles (PLGA-ss-PEG-PTX) were developed for anticancer therapy. With its long-term circulation and EPR (enhanced permeability and retention) effect, and the micelle had disulfide bond, which could be used as the recognition group of tumor microenvironment, so that the PLGA-ss-PEG-PTX could specifically accumulate at the tumor site, so as to produce better anti-tumor effect. The PLGA-ss-PEG-PTX was formulated by the emulsification method in this study. The drug loading was about 21.54%, the entrapment efficiency was about 94.2%, and the particle size range was about 90 nm with narrow particle size distribution. Cytotoxicity and embryonic toxicity experiments were carried out using mouse lung cancer cells (LLC) and zebrafish fertilized eggs. It was proved that the low concentration of blank micelles had little cytotoxicity, but high concentration of blank micelles had adverse effects on zebrafish embryonic development, resulting in embryonic malformation. The uptake of drugs by cancer cells was studied by a high connotation cell imaging analysis system. The experiments showed that the drug molecules encapsulated in micelles could achieve higher uptake by cells compared with free drug molecules. In addition, in the in vivo evaluation experiment of drugs, the PLGA-ss-PEG-PTX could significantly enhance the therapeutic effect of the PTX, improve its water solubility, and improve its oral bioavailability.
U.S. Uncertainty and Income Inequality in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries
Authors: Alenezy Omar 
Published: May 2022

Economic and institutional determinants of income inequality had been robustly examined. However, the impact of uncertainty, which is more volatile than other economic indicators, on income distribution, has been largely understudied within the literature. Using new data on economic policy (EPU) uncertainty constructed by Baker et al. (2013), and the World Inequality Database (WID), this article examines the impact of U.S. EPU on income inequality in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries since 1980, using an error correction model (ECM). It is found that U.S. EPU dynamics can widen the income inequality gap in GCC. JEL Codes D31, D63, D80
Assembly method for two symmetrical bolt-bearing joints based on the tightening model and angle-eccentricity relationship
Authors: Fang Yuntao , Luo Yi , Xin Yunpeng , Wang Xiaodong 
Published: May 2022

This paper focused on the assembly of two symmetrically distributed bolt-bearing joints, both the single bolt tightening control and two bolts adjusting were studied. An improved assembly method for two annular parts connected by these two bolt-bearing joints was proposed to improve the tightening quality of these joints and the eccentricity between these two annular parts. First, the tightening process of single bolt-bearing joint was analyzed, and the mathematical model of the tightening process was established. Then, aiming to improve the tightening quality, an improved tightening control method for single bolt-bearing joint was proposed based on the mathematical model. Finally, the angle-eccentricity relationship was studied, and the eccentricity adjustment strategy based on the inverse sequence method was presented for adjusting the eccentricity between two connected parts. Considering that the measurement of the bearing preload is not convenient, the eccentricity was measured for indirectly reflecting the preload. The tightening experiments verified that the scatter of preload was obviously reduced under the improved tightening control method. The results of eccentricity adjustment experiments indicate that the eccentricity reduce gradually during the loosening and tightening process, and the eccentricity is less than 3.4 μm after adjustment process, which enough to meet the assembly requirements of the target groupware.
Non-pharmacological integrative therapies for chronic cancer pain
Authors: Katta Maanya Rajasree , Valisekka Sai Sudha , Agarwal Pahel , Hameed Maha , Shivam Swadha , Kaur Jasneet , Prasad Sakshi , Bethineedi Lakshmi Deepak , Lavu Diti Vinuthna , Katamreddy Yamini 
Published: May 2022

Objective Chronic pain is one of the most detrimental symptoms exhibited by cancer patients, being an indication for opioid therapy in up to half of the patients’ receiving chemotherapy and in 90% of advanced cases. Various successful non-pharmacological integrative therapy options have been explored and implemented to improve the quality of life in these patients. This review aims to highlight the mechanisms implicated; assessment tools used for cancer pain and summarize current evidence on non-pharmacological approaches in the treatment of chronic cancer pain. Data sources A review of the literature was conducted using a combination of MeSH keywords including “Chronic cancer pain,” “Assessment,” “Non-pharmacological management,” and “Integrative therapy.” Data summary Data on the approach and assessment of chronic cancer pain as well as non-pharmacological integrative options have been displayed with the help of figures and tables. Of note, non-pharmacological integrative management was divided into three subcategories; physical therapy (involving exercise, acupuncture, massage, and transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation), psychosocial therapy (e.g. mindful practices, supportive therapy), and herbal supplementation. Conclusions The use of non-pharmacological integrative therapy in the management of chronic cancer pain has been grossly underestimated and must be considered before or as an adjuvant of other treatment regimens to ensure appropriate care.
Differences in self-perception and social gender status in children with gender incongruence
Authors: van der Vaart Lindsey R , Verveen Anouk , Bos Henny MW , van Rooij Floor B , Steensma Thomas D 
Published: May 2022

Background: Gender incongruent children report lower self-perception compared to the norm population. This study explored differences in self-perception between children living in their gender role assigned at birth and children living in their experienced gender role. Method: The self-perception questionnaire was administered to 312 children referred to the Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria ‘Amsterdam UMC’. Social transition status was determined by parental interviews. 2 (social transition) by 2 (sex assigned at birth) ANCOVA’s were conducted. Results: Children living in their assigned gender role reported comparable self-perception to children living in their experienced gender role. Birth assigned girls living in their assigned gender role reported poorer self-perception on ‘athletic competence’, compared to girls living in their experienced gender role. Birth assigned boys living in their assigned gender role reported poorer on ‘scholastic competence’ and ‘behavioral conduct’ compared to boys living in their experienced gender role. Conclusions: Social transition did not show to affect self-perception. Self-perception was poorer for birth assigned boys living in their experienced gender role. For birth assigned girls this was reversed. Future studies should give more insight in the role of social transitions in relation to child development and focus on other aspects related to self-perception.
The influence of nasal deviation on the perception of maxillary dental centreline and smile aesthetics
Authors: Grimes Karl , Fleming Padhraig S , Sharma Pratik K 
Published: May 2022

Objective: To assess the impact of nasal deviation on the perception of the maxillary dental centreline position as judged by orthodontists, dentists and laypersons. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK. Participants: Three groups of raters comprising 30 orthodontists, 30 dentists and 30 laypersons. Methods: A frontal photograph of a smiling white woman was captured and digitally manipulated with varying degrees of nasal deviation and dental centreline (DC) position in increments of 1.5 mm and 3 mm to the right and left. Three rater groups assessed the attractiveness of images using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Multiple regression analysis was undertaken, and images were compared using the Tukey HSD method. Results: Using a mixed linear model, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was estimated in the range of 69%–86%, indicating good inter-rater reliability. The interaction between image rating and nasal position ( P < 0.001), DC position ( P < 0.001) and the relationship between nose and DC position ( P < 0.001) were found to be statistically significant with symmetrical upper midline and nasal tip position, both considered to be most aesthetically pleasing. Image rating was not influenced by rater group type ( P = 0.995), age ( P = 0.983) or sex ( P = 0.476). Conclusion: There was a preference for a central and coincident nose and maxillary DC position uniformly across the rater groups. Deviations of the nose, DC and their interactions negatively impacted on perceived smile aesthetics with increasing extent and opposing direction of deviations rated progressively more unaesthetic. No differences were observed between orthodontists, general dental practitioners and lay people with respect to perceived impact on smile aesthetics.
Perceived and unmet needs for health and social services among families coping with dementia in China: A descriptive study
Authors: Sun Tongda , Jia Rangcheng , Clarke Jodie-Ann , Zhu Mingze , Dobbs Debra , Di Yuntong , Dong Xiaoxin , Meng Hongdao 
Published: May 2022

Objectives To describe the perceived and unmet needs for health and social services and their relative importance among families coping with dementia in urban China. Methods We used data from a cross-sectional survey conducted between 2018 and 2019 in two cities in eastern China. Trained staff conducted structured interviews of family caregivers of people living with dementia at home to obtain individual characteristics as well as types of service needs of families coping with dementia. Service needs and utilization in 24 types of services across five domains (daily living, medical/nursing, rehabilitation, mental health, and other) were examined. Descriptive statistics were used to describe characteristics of the dyads and the ranking of services based on the percentage of respondents with perceived/unmet needs. Results A total of 170 (87.6%) family caregivers completed the interviews. The mean age of the care recipient was 77.2 years (range: 60–102) and 65.3% were female. The mean age of family caregivers was 58.4 years (range: 28–90), and 57.1% were female. The top five services used by the care recipients were: primary care, medication management, housekeeping, activities of daily living assistance, and adult day service. The five services with the most unmet needs were: legal assistance (42.7%), hospice care (44.7%), respiratory secretion management (expectoration) (57.6%), life enrichment activities (65.4%), and companion care (67.0%). Except for transportation and dressing/grooming, working and nonworking caregivers reported similar relative importance of service needs. Conclusions The findings suggest that people living with dementia and their family require a wide range of services and supports to live in the community. Future research and policy efforts should target the unmet needs of families to improve dementia care in the community and promote aging-in-place.
Risk factors for readmission after open abdominal aortic aneurysms repair and its outcome in chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Nasif Abdullah , Ren Gang , Ahmed Amin Mohamed , Mahmoud Ali , Nazzal Munier , Osman Mohamed , Ahmed Ayman 
Published: May 2022

Objective Readmission after vascular procedures is a burden to hospitals and the Medicare system. Therefore, identifying risk factors leading to readmission is vital. We examined the frequency of and risk factors for 30-day readmission after open aneurysm repair (OAR) and explored post-operative outcomes with special attention for those with preexisting chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods Patients who underwent OAR were identified in the National Readmission Database (2016–2018). Demographic information and comorbidities were collected. Patients readmitted within 30 days after their index hospitalization were identified and compared to patients without readmission records. Results A total of 5090 patients underwent OAR during the study timeframe with 488 patients (9.6%) were readmitted within 30 days. Females were more readmitted than males (F = 11.1% vs M = 9.0%, P < 0.001). Readmitted patients had more comorbidities (median ECI 12, P < 0.05), were on Medicare (73.7%, P < 0.001), had higher surgery admission cost ($146,844, P < 0.001), longer length of stay (8 days, P < 0.001), and were discharged to a lower level care facility (62.7%, P < 0.001). Comorbidities that predisposed patients for readmission include: peripheral arterial disease (OR 2.15, P < 0.01), asthma (OR 1.87, P < 0.01), chronic heart failure (OR 1.74, P < 0.05). On readmission visit, acute renal failure (23.8%) was the most common diagnosis, while intestinal surgery (13.7%) was the most common procedure. Patients with CKD ( n = 968, 18.9% of total population) had double the mortality rate compared to non-CKD patients on surgery admission (10.4%, P < 0.001) and readmission (10.1%, P < 0.001). Conclusion Certain factors were noted to increase readmission rate, special attention need to be paid when dealing with such group of patients requiring OAR. Vascular surgeons should meticulously weigh benefits and risks when considering OAR in patients with CKD who are not a candidate for endovascular repair, and optimize their kidney function before considering such approach.
A survey of ultrasound Quality Assurance implementation in the United Kingdom
Authors: Dudley Nicholas John , Woolley Darren James , Stevenson Maryla Anna 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: In England, Quality Assurance is a legal requirement, regulated by the Care Quality Commission; equipment in use may exhibit only minor deterioration. There is evidence that a significant number of ultrasound transducers in use exhibit major faults and this may lead to suboptimal imaging in a large number of examinations. There is limited evidence suggesting that the uptake of Quality Assurance in the United Kingdom is low; the aim of this study was to gather more information on current Quality Assurance practice. Methods: A questionnaire to establish the level of Quality Assurance in place in National Health Service Hospital Trusts in the United Kingdom was sent by email to 170 National Health Service Chief Executives. Results: There were 60 responses to the survey from individual National Health Service organisations, only four respondents (7%) indicating that no Quality Assurance was performed in their organisation. Twenty-three percent of respondents conducted only annual Quality Assurance. Eighteen percent of respondents conducted only user Quality Assurance. Conclusion: In the worst case, if no non-respondents had a Quality Assurance programme, only 33% of National Health Service Trusts in the United Kingdom have a Quality Assurance programme. The true figure will be between 33% and 93%. Annual Quality Assurance alone is insufficient to detect faults in a timely manner and user Quality Assurance alone may not detect more subtle faults. It is easy and straightforward for ultrasound users to perform Quality Assurance every day, in the form of a rapid visual inspection and uniformity assessment before every use.