bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of management approaches for hyperemesis gravidarum and nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: a retrospective questionnaire analysis
Authors: Brooks Benjamin , Mares Rachel , Morrow Adelene , Shumway Haley , Zapata Isain , Forstein David 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Hyperemesis gravidarum is the most severe form of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, or morning sickness. 2% of pregnancies in the United States are affected by hyperemesis gravidarum. The condition is characterized by severe vomiting in pregnant people, especially during the first trimester, often leading to hypovolemia and weight loss. The standard of care for hyperemesis and nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is commonly ineffective. We hypothesize that based on patient experience; the current treatment guidelines for hyperemesis are not clinically effective. Our objective was to identify the efficacy of the various management approaches that are currently in place for hyperemesis and nausea and vomiting of pregnancy.Methods: A questionnaire was designed based on diagnostic criteria, standard demographic identifiers, and common medications for the treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum. This questionnaire was distributed online to through hyperemesis and nausea and vomiting of pregnancy support groups, personal social media, and institutional email. Results: In our study, most participants diagnosed with hyperemesis gravidarum trialed at least three medications, most of which were ineffective and/or had severe side effects. The most used medication for treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum is ondansetron, a standard antiemetic, with fatigue and constipation being the most reported side effects. All data in the dataset was coded as categorical and analyzed using contingency tables using Mantel-Haenszel Chi square tests.Conclusions: The data presented in this research provides insight into the suffering that patients with these diagnoses face day-to-day due to the lack of efficacious, well-tolerated treatment options. Establishing this gap in treatment can facilitate the development of effective treatments that will provide relief for thousands of patients.
The tide of dietary risks for noncommunicable diseases in Pacific Islands: an analysis of population NCD surveys
Authors: Reeve Erica , Lamichhane Prahbat , McKenzie Briar , Waqa Gade , Webster Jacqui , Snowdon Wendy , Bell Colin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective: To describe changes over time in dietary risk factor prevalence and non-communicable disease in Pacific Island countries.Methods: Secondary analysis of data from 21,433 adults aged 25-69, who participated in nationally representative World Health Organization STEPs surveys in 8 Pacific Island Countries and Territories between 2002 and 2019. Outcomes of interest were changes in consumption of fruit and vegetables, hypertension, overweight and obesity, and hypercholesterolaemia over time. Also, salt intake and sugar sweetened beverage consumption for those countries that measured these risk factors in the most recent survey.Results: Pooled analysis revealed a reduction from 94% to 88% in the proportion of adults who consumed <5 servings of fruit and vegetables/day, however consumption was still low overall. Reductions were largest in the Solomon Islands and Tonga. The proportion of adults living with overweight or obesity increased from 76.9% to 82.1% overall and increased in Fiji, but did not increase in Cook Islands, Kiribati, Tonga, and the Solomon Islands. Prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia plateaued or decreased in the Cook Islands, Kiribati, Nauru and Tonga. The prevalence of hypertension increased in 6/8 countries, with hypertension now affecting one-third of all adults. Average daily serves of sugar sweetened beverages varied from 0.4/day in the Solomon Islands to 4.1 in Nauru, and urinary sodium analysis indicated an average daily salt intake over twice that recommended by WHO by adults in Tokelau (10.1/day) and Wallis and Futuna (10.2/day).Conclusions: Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs) have experienced a mix of increased and decreased diet-related NCD risk over time. Higher fruit and vegetable consumption was encouraging, but higher rates of hypertension prevalence and overweight and obesity prevalence in some countries supported the need for countries to more strongly prioritise the implementation of diet-related NCD prevention policy. The value of STEPS surveys for monitoring trends in NCD risk will be fully realized when countries have conducted at least three surveys, although consistent measurement of risk factors over time is required to achieve this.
Nano-Topographical Surface Engineering for Enhancing Bioactivity of PEEK Implants (In vitro – Histomorphometric Study)
Authors: Mostafa Dawlat , Kassem Youssef M. , Omar Samia Soliman , Shalaby Yousreya 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objectives: Dental implants are currently become a routine treatment decision in dentistry. Synthetic PEEK polymer is a prevalent component of dental implantology field. The current study aimed to assess influence of Nd:YAG laser nano-topographical surface engineering combined with ultraviolet light or platelet rich fibrin on the bioactivity and osseointegration of PEEK implants in laboratory and animal testing model. Materials and Methods: CAD CAM discs of PEEK were used to fabricate PEEK discs(8mmx3mm)N=36 and implant cylinders(3mmx6mm) N=72.Specimens were exposed to Nd:YAG laser at wavelength 1064 nm, Surface roughness topography/Ra parameter was recorded in nanometer using atomic force microscopy. Laser modified specimens were divided into three groups;Nd:YAG laser engineered surfaces(control),Nd:YAG laser/UV engineered surfaces and Nd:YAG laser/PRF engineered surfaces(N=12 discs–N=24 implants).In vitro bioactivity test was performed and precipitated apatite minerals were assessed with XRD and SEM.In vivo histomorphometric analysis was performed in rabbits with BIC% calculation. Results: Ra mean value of PEEK laser engineered surfaces was 125.179nm. For the studied groups,XRD patterns revealed distinctive peaks of different apatite minerals that were demonstrated by SEM as dispersed surface aggregations. There was a significant increase in the BIC% from control group 56.43(0.97)to laser/UV surfaces 77.30(0.78)to laser/PRF 84.80(1.29)(<0.0001). Conclusions: Successful engineered nano-topographical biomimetic PEEK implant could be achieved by Nd:YAG laser technique associated with improving bioactivity. The combination with UV or PRF could be simple and economic methods to gain more significant improvement of PEEK implant surface bioactivity with superior osteointegration.
Hippocampal Inhibitory Synapses Deficits Induced by α5-containing GABAA Receptors Mediates Chronic Neuropathic Pain-related Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Cai Xuechun , Qiu Lili , Wang Chaoran , Yang Hang , Zhou Zhenhui , Mao Meng , Zhu Yunqing , Wen Yazhou , Cai Wenlan , Zhu Wei , Sun Jie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Chronic neuropathic pain often leads to cognitive impairment, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. Gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptors (GABAARs) are the major inhibitory receptors in the brain, of which the α5-containing GABAARs (GABAARs-α5) are implicated in a range of neuropsychiatric disorders with cognitive deficits. However, whether GABAARs-α5 are involved in chronic neuropathic pain-related cognitive impairment remains unknown. In this study, the rats with chronic neuropathic pain induced by right sciatic nerve ligation injury (SNI) exhibited cognitive impairment with declined spontaneous alternation in Y-maze test and discrimination index in novel object recognition test. The GABAARs-α5 expressing on parvalbumin and somatostatin interneurons increased remarkably in hippocampus, which resulting in decreased mean frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents in hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Significantly, antagonizing the GABAARs-α5 by L655,708 rescued weakened inhibitory synaptic transmission and cognitive impairment induced by chronic neuropathic pain. Taken together, these data suggest that the GABAARs-α5 play a crucial role in chronic neuropathic pain-induced cognitive impairment by weakening inhibitory synaptic transmission, which may provide insights into the pharmacologic treatment of chronic neuropathic pain-related cognitive impairment.
From field to laboratory: isolation, genetic assessment, and parasitological behavior of Schistosoma mansoni obtained from naturally infected wild rodent Holochilus sciureus (Rodentia, Cricetidae), collected in Northeastern of Brazil
Authors: Negrão-Corrêa Deborah , Miranda Guilherme Silva , Rodrigues João Gustavo Mendes , Resende Samira Diniz , Camelo Genil Mororó Araújo , Silva Jeferson Kelvin Alves Oliveira , Santos Jose Carlos Reis dos , Silva-Souza Nêuton , Pereira Felipe Bisaggio , Furtado Luis Fernando Viana , Rabelo Élida Mara Leite 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Wild rodent species are naturally infected by Schistosoma mansoni; however, the genetic characterization of the parasite, its parasitological features, and its role in human schistosomiasis are poorly understood. In this study, we isolated and characterized Schistosoma from naturally infected Holochilus sciureus, called HS strain, collected from a schistosomiasis endemic region in Maranhão State, Brazil. To isolate the parasite, miracidia obtained from the livers of H. sciureus were used to infect Biomphalaria glabrata of sympatric (called SB) and allopatric (called BH) strains, and the produced cercariae were subcutaneously inoculated into hamsters and/or BALB/c mice. Parasitological kinetics in experimentally infected hosts were evaluated, and the 16S and cox 1 regions of mtDNA from isolated worms were amplified and sequenced. Only miracidia obtained from infected mice, but not from hamsters, were capable of infecting B. glabrata, allowing maintenance of the isolated parasite. Cox1 and 16S mtDNA sequences showed 100% similarity with S. mansoni, and phylogenetic analysis showed that the HS strain of S. mansoni forms an assemblage with isolates from America and Kenya, confirming the conspecificity. Experimental infection of B. glabrata SB with S. mansoni HS resulted in two peaks of cercariae shedding at 45- and 70-days post-infection (dpi), and caused higher mortality than in B. glabrata BH. The worm recovery rate in mice was approximately 13%, and the peak of egg elimination occurred at 10th week post-infection. Therefore, S. mansoni obtained from H. sciureus was successfully isolated, genetically characterized, and maintained in mice, allowing further study of this schistosome strain.
Spectrometric method for determination of inorganic metals (Iron, zinc, copper and mercury) in fresh and canned Thunnus tonggol
Authors: Aberoumand Ali , Baesi Farideh 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We evaluated the nutritional value of fresh and canned tuna based on the date of production and expiration and measured the concentration of heavy metals in samples. The twenty canned Thunnus tonggol and 5 kg of fresh Thunnus tonggol were prepared from Bahbahan market, Iran. After storage periods of 6, 9 and 11 months, concentration of heavy metals measured. The results showed that the concentration of heavy metals significantly increased in storage periods, but ​​obtained contents were lower than the limits allowed by international standards. Due to changes in water content and analytical issues, the concentrations of heavy and toxic elements in canned tuna changed. Therefore, due to the high consumption of these products, it is desirable that appropriate control programs be provided by the competent authorities at the community level.
Seismic Effect on Shear Band Development in Soil Slope
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Kumari Sunita 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The present study discusses the impact of seismic load on shear band development in soil slope is using finite element modeling considering plain strain condition. Large inelastic deformations are frequently accompanied with the formation of intense bands of localized shearing which results large strain plastic response. Shear band formation is considered as significant factor to understand failures in soil slope. The strain analysis has been performed considering maximum shear strain to investigate the shear deformation behavior of the slope of soil deposit. To simulate the strain localization, softening behavior and development of shear band, a Modified Cam-Clay (MCC) material model was implemented. It is found that none of the slopes are stable under seismic action, but the instability of different slopes with inclination varies. The slope with an inclination of 1:2.25 is relatively stable. The slope with an inclination of 1:2 has local failure, but not destroyed as a whole. The slope with an inclination of 1:1.75 has a complete formation of shear band along the slip surface. The slope is destroyed as a whole. Hence, both tension and strain localization causes deformation in slope. Displacement and acceleration response was found maximum at the crest of slope.
Validation of the German eHealth Impact Questionnaire for online health information users
Authors: Sippel Anna , Riemann-Lorenz Karin , Pöttgen Jana , Wiedemann Renate , Drixler Karin , Bitzer Eva Maria , Holmberg Christine , Lezius Susanne , Heesen Christoph 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) are confronted by an overwhelming amount of online health information, which can be valuable but also vary in quality and aim. Therefore, it is of great importance for developers and providers of eHealth information to understand its impact on the users. The eHealth Impact Questionnaire (eHIQ) has been developed in the United Kingdom to measure the potential effects of health and experimental information websites. This contains user’s general attitudes towards using the internet to gain health information and attitudes towards a specific health related website. The self-complete questionnaire is divided into two independently administered and scored parts: the 11-item eHIQ part 1 and the 26-item eHIQ part 2. This study aimed to validate the psychometric properties of the German version of the eHealth Impact Questionnaire (eHIQ-G).Methods: 162 people with multiple sclerosis browsed one of two possible websites containing information on MS and completed an online survey. Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha and structural validity by Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Construct validity was examined by assessing correlations with the reference instruments eHealth Literacy Questionnaire and the General Self-Efficacy Scale measuring related, but dissimilar constructs. Moreover, we investigated the mean difference of the eHIQ-G score between the two websites. Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software.Results: The eHIQ-G subscales showed high internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha from .833 to .885. The 2-factor model of eHIQ part 1 achieved acceptable levels of goodness-of-fit indices, whereas the fit for the 3-factor model of eHIQ part 2 was poor and likewise for the alternative modified models. The correlations with the reference instruments were 0.08 – 0.62 and as expected. Older age was related with lower eHIQ part 1 score, whereas no significant effect was found for education on eHIQ part 1. Although not significant, the website ‘AMSEL’ reached higher mean scores on eHIQ part 2. Conclusions: The eHIQ-G has good internal consistency, and sufficient structural and construct validity. This instrument will facilitate the measurement of the potential impact of eHealth tools.
Alluvial Fans at Cala Gonone (Sardinia), a Fast Deveoping Touristic Village: Origins, Hazards and Potential Risks
Authors: Pascucci Vincenzo , Martini I. Peter , Andreucci Stefano 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The study area of Cala Gonone in NE Sardinia (Italy) consists of a wide terraced re-entrance/valley crowned inland by carbonate hills and, near the coast bounded laterally and partly floored by thin basaltic lava lying over carbonate bedrock. In this re-entrance, several inland alluvial fans have developed, and a local ~ 30 m high, about 10 m wide (thick), 400 m long scarp body-remnant of semi-consolidated alluvial fan deposits is exposed along the coast. The touristic village of Cala Gonone has been rapidly expanding in these last few decades over the mid to lower parts of two coalescing alluvial fans and along the coastal marine scarp edge. The village thus became exposed to natural hazards such as sudden overland and creek floods and debris flows typical of alluvial fans, local rock falls, and to instability of the costal scarp due to wave erosion during extreme sea storms. As commonly occurring elsewhere and since antiquity, the risk perception of such events is low because of the centennial, millennial of longer recurrence. Such perception does not negate the hazards but a long event recurrence can be accepted as a reasonable risk for the human’s activity in certain areas. However, serious consideration should be given to potential problems and plan and build for amelioration and defense. Many examples of what can occur and could be done exist from the careful safe-location of the ancient Roman villas to the recent disastrous cases where parts of ill-located villages have been destroyed by debris flows and floods along alluvial fans. The evidence of what did and could still happen in the Cala Gonone and similar other area is clearly imprinted on the landscape (geology, geomorphology, and with relative details in the stratigraphy as sedimentology of the deposits) and driven by climatic conditions and human activities.
Evaluating contributions of urbanization and global climate change to urban land surface temperature change: A case study in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Guo Liying , Di Liping , Zhang Chen , Lin Li , Chen Fei , Molla Alamin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study aims to develop a general method and evaluate the contributions of localized urbanization and global climate change to long-term urban land surface temperature (ULST) change. Combined daytime and nighttime daily MODIS products were used to fill data biases from satellite-observed data and applied to tropical regions during dry season from 2003 to 2021. Lagos, a fast-growing metropolis in West Africa, is selected as an example for reference. The results are summarized as follows. 1) Long-term annual ULST is confirmed to be controlled by urbanization, global climate change, and interannual climate variation. 2) Linear regression is used to remove the interannual climate fluctuations on long-term observed LST time series. 3) Urban-rural comparison method has been developed to separate the contributions of urbanization and global climate change to long-term ULST changes. Both urbanization and global climate change are verified to contribute to the ULST increase with positive trends. 4) Daytime ULST increased the most in the afternoon time at a mean rate of 1.429ºC per decade, with 0.985 ºC (10yr)-1 contributed by urbanization and 0.444 ºC (10yr)-1 contributed by global climate change. Nighttime ULST increased the most after midnight at a rate of 0.563ºC (10yr) -1, with 0.56 ºC (10yr) -1 contributed by urbanization and 0.003 ºC (10yr) -1 contributed by global climate change. 5) Urbanization is generally to be responsible for around 60.97% of the urban warming. The increasing urban-induced hot has been causing urban residents to suffer more heat-based health risks and increasing the extreme events. Therefore, the results are of useful reference for both urbanization and climate change related issues in the geo-science field.
Neh1 and Neh3 domains of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 mediate its binding to NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-6
Authors: Fu Wanmeng , Pei Jinli , Xiao Zhengpan , Sun Yan , Zhang Zhuandan , Wu Hao , Wei Shuangshuang , Pei Yechun , Wang Dayong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the causes of aging and other diseases. Nrf2 is the main transcription factor regulating antioxidant gene expression. In recent years, it has been found that inhibiting Nrf2 activity or increasing oxidative pressure can replicate premature aging defects, and reactivating Nrf2 activity can reverse nuclear aging defects and restore cell vitality. SIRT6 is one of the few proteins that can regulate life span and aging at the same time. SIRT6 gene deficient mice show degenerative changes similar to human premature aging 3 weeks after birth and eventually die. SIRT6 deficient cells show the characteristics of accelerated aging, while the deletion of SIRT6 in human cells does not directly lead to the damage of genetic material in the nucleus and genomic instability, but significantly reduces the antioxidant capacity of cells and causes the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and DNA oxidation products. At present, the interaction between Nrf2 and SIRT6 protein and its mechanism are not clear. In this study, yeast two-hybrid and tag pulldown methods were used to analyze the protein interaction domain between Nrf2 and SIRT6. The experiment found that SIRT6 directly interacts with Nrf2, SIRT6 Interacts with the Neh1 and Neh3 domains of Nrf2.
The effects of fluid absorption and plasma volume changes in athletes following consumption of various beverages
Authors: Yun Hyo-Jun , Lee Ji-Yong , Jeon Min-Soo , Oh Sang-Eun , Park Jae-Hyun , Yoon Ji-Wun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective : To verify the hydration effects of ORS on athletes by comparing the degrees of fluid absorption and plasma volume changes following beverage consumption, including ORS. Methods : Thirty-one participants visited the testing laboratory 4 times at 1-week intervals to consume 1 liter of beverage (e.g., water, ORS, and two sports drinks) for 30 minutes on each visit. The urine output was measured 4 times at 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, and 4 hours after beverage consumption. A blood sample was collected 3 times at 1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours after beverage consumption. Body weight was measured once in 4 hours after beverage consumption. Results : Body weight change was smaller for ORS than for water, SpD1, and SpD2 (p<0.05). Cumulative urine output in 4 hours was lower for ORS, SpD1, and SpD2 than for water (p<0.05), and it was lower for ORS than for SpD2 (p<0.05). BHI in 4 hours was higher for ORS, SpD1, and SpD2 than for water (p<0.05), and it was higher for ORS than for SpD2 (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in PVC for different beverages at all test times, i.e.., 1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours. Conclusion : We evaluated the hydration effects of the consumption of beverages, such as water, sports drink, and ORS in athletes. ORS and sports drinks were more effective than water. A comparison between ORS and sports drinks showed that the result could vary depending on the type of sports drink.