bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of red blood cell transfusion practices on inpatient mortality in variceal and non‐variceal gastrointestinal bleeding patients: a 20‐year US nationwide retrospective analysis
Authors: Radadiya Dhruvil , Devani Kalpit , Rockey Don C. 
Published: May 2022

SummaryBackgroundPrevious studies in upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding have reported inconsistent outcomes about packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion practices.AimTo assess whether PRBC transfusion is more likely to be dangerous in variceal bleeding than in non‐variceal bleeding due to concern of over‐transfusion leading to elevated portal pressure.MethodsWe used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (1999–2018). We identified patients with upper GI bleeding using an algorithmic approach, categorising bleeding from non‐variceal or variceal sources. Our primary outcome was all‐cause inpatient mortality. To control for the severity of bleeding, we performed propensity matching of baseline features, including age, gender, the presence of shock, the need for ICU care and co‐morbidities. We also examined PRBC transfusion, inpatient mortality and hospitalisation rates for both populations.ResultsWe included 10,228,524 upper GI bleeding discharges; 755,135 patients had variceal bleeding. After propensity matching, PRBC transfusion in variceal bleeders was associated with a 22% increase in inpatient mortality, whereas non‐variceal bleeders had a 9% increase in inpatient mortality. Compared to non‐variceal bleeders receiving blood transfusion, variceal bleeders had nearly four‐fold higher odds of inpatient mortality (propensity‐matched OR: 3.8; 95% CI: 3.7–3.8; p < 0.001). Notably, PRBC transfusion rates in both groups have declined since 2011, although it has remained higher in variceal bleeders. Mortality for upper GI bleeding has been declining since 1999.ConclusionsAlthough decreased over the last decade, PRBC transfusion rates remain high for variceal bleeders. In addition, PRBC transfusion appears to be more detrimental in variceal bleeders than in non‐variceal bleeders.
Hiding and seeking: Children's lived experiences during COVID‐19
Authors: Koller Donna , Grossi Maxime , van den Heuvel Meta , Wong Peter 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA qualitative study explored the perspectives and lived experiences of school‐age children during COVID‐19 using a child rights lens. Twenty children between the ages of 7 and 12 participated in open‐ended, virtual interviews. Our hermeneutic analysis found children's right to play and education were severely compromised leaving children to navigate between two worlds: the adult world of public health restrictions and that of their childhood. Despite challenges and lost childhood opportunities, children emerged as competent social agents and responsible citizens. Planning for future pandemics should include policies and practices that balance public health needs with the protection of children's rights.
Early renal impairment is associated with in‐hospital death of patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Bao Pei‐ling , Deng Ke‐lan , Yuan An‐long , Yan Yi‐min , Feng Ai‐qiao , Li Tao , Liu Xiao‐an 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionRenal impairment is a common complication in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), although its prognostic significance remains unknown.ObjectivesThis study determines the impact of early renal impairment on the clinical outcome of COVID‐19.MethodsPatients diagnosed with COVID‐19 and hospitalized in Xiaogan Central Hospital from 20 January to 29 February 2020 were retrospectively included and grouped into two cohorts (cohort with normal renal function and cohort with renal insufficiency) based on the renal function detected on admission. Records of clinical manifestation, laboratory findings and clinical outcome were collected and compared between these two cohorts.ResultsA total 543 COVID‐19 patients were included. Among these patients, 70 patients developed early renal impairment, with an incidence of 12.89%. A significantly higher white blood cell (WBC) count, C‐reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum creatine (Cr), blood urine nitrogen (BUN) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and a significantly lower blood platelet (PLT), lymphocyte count, prealbumin and albumin (ALB) were detected in the cohort with renal insufficiency (P < 0.05). Patients with early renal impairment were also associated with higher incidences of haematuria/proteinuria, higher incidences of mortality and prolonged hospitalization duration. The independent risk factors for in‐hospital death included age >65 years old, complication of diabetes, renal impairment on admission (Cr > 73 μmol/L and eGFR < 60 ml/min 1.73 m2), WBC > 9.5 × 109/L and ALB < 35 g/L.ConclusionEarly renal impairment is associated with higher risk of in‐hospital death for patients with COVID‐19. Risk stratification according to renal function can better guide the clinical management of COVID‐19.
The researcher–practitioner symbiosis: Evolving mutualisms from parachutes
Authors: Vargas María Teresa , Garcia Máximo , Vidaurre Tito , Carrasco Alex , Araujo Natalia , Medema Camille , Asquith Nigel , Pynegar Edwin , Tobon Conrado , Manco Yurani , Ma Zhao , Bauchet Jonathan , Grillos Tara , McWherter Brooke 
Published: May 2022

AbstractResearchers and practitioners often exist symbiotically, but this relationship does not always benefit both parties. We here discuss a mutualistic research symbiosis that our organizations have developed over the last decade, the challenges which we have experienced as part of this process, and how our experiences may help others intending to develop such mutualisms. The defining characteristic of our model is that conservation implementers, not investigators, lead the research. This power balance has promoted synergies between researchers and practitioners and has resulted in one of the first ever Randomized Control Trials of a conservation intervention. We have shortened the distance between basic research and field practices by ensuring that the people who will use the results of an investigation play a lead role in designing and implementing it. Local conservation practitioners have been trained in cutting edge scientific methodologies, while university researchers have had an unparalleled role in designing the conservation and development intervention. Our research model is not perfect, however. Although we have facilitated tight relationships between implementers and researchers, such partnerships take significant resources to develop. Moreover, shortening the traditional “arm's length” distance between implementers and investigators is a double‐edged sword: some donors are uncomfortable that our researchers and practitioners comprise a mutually dependent team. Nevertheless, we believe that our model's benefits outweigh its costs. When our researchers undertake their investigations, they do so in ways that do not simply meet their publication needs. Rather, the integration of partners into a mutualistic research team ensures that our investigations are both scientifically cutting edge and that they can improve our conservation initiatives on the ground in real time.
Efficacy of tirzepatide 5, 10 and 15 mg versus semaglutide 2 mg in patients with type 2 diabetes: An adjusted indirect treatment comparison
Authors: Vadher Karan , Patel Hiren , Mody Reema , Levine Joshua A. , Hoog Meredith , Cheng Alice YY. , Pantalone Kevin M. , Sapin Hélène 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo conduct an adjusted indirect treatment comparison (aITC) of the efficacy of tirzepatide 5/10/15 mg versus semaglutide 2 mg in patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsThe primary analysis was a Bucher aITC of the change from baseline at week 40 in HbA1c (%) and body weight (kg). Aggregate data from the SURPASS‐2 study that met the HbA1c inclusion criterion of the SUSTAIN FORTE study and from SUSTAIN FORTE metformin‐only treated patients were used for primary analysis.ResultsThe SURPASS‐2 refined population comprised 238/245/240 and 240 participants for tirzepatide 5/10/15 mg and semaglutide 1 mg, respectively. The SUSTAIN FORTE metformin‐only population comprised 222 and 227 participants for semaglutide 1 and 2 mg, respectively. In this aITC, tirzepatide 10 and 15 mg significantly reduced HbA1c versus semaglutide 2 mg with an estimated treatment difference (ETD) of −0.36% (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.63, −0.09) and −0.4% (95% CI −0.67, −0.13), respectively. Tirzepatide 10 and 15 mg significantly reduced body weight versus semaglutide 2 mg with an ETD of −3.15 kg (95% CI −4.84, −1.46) and −5.15 kg (95% CI −6.85, −3.45), respectively. There were no significant differences between tirzepatide 5 mg and semaglutide 2 mg on change from baseline in HbA1c and body weight.ConclusionsIn this aITC, HbA1c and weight reductions were significantly greater for tirzepatide 10 and 15 mg versus semaglutide 2 mg and were similar for tirzepatide 5 mg versus semaglutide 2 mg. These findings provide comparative effectiveness insights in the absence of a head‐to‐head clinical trial.
Central bank digital currency, tax evasion, and inflation tax
Authors: Kwon Ohik , Lee Seungduck , Park Jaevin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCan introducing a central bank digital currency (CBDC) improve social welfare? We construct a dual currency model to study whether CBDC with a record‐keeping technology can reduce tax evasion incentives in cash transactions and further achieve better allocations than a cash‐only economy with respect to fiscal arithmetic. We show that when there is inefficiency associated with tax evasion in cash transactions, introducing CBDC with strictly positive interest can remove the inefficiency and thus improve welfare by discouraging tax evasion and rewarding tax payments. This beneficial effect of the CBDC depends on the central bank's fiscal role.
Plant quantity affects development and reproduction of a gregarious butterfly more than plant quality
Authors: Gols Rieta , Croijmans Luuk , Dicke Marcel , van Loon Joop J. A. , Harvey Jeffrey A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe larvae of insect herbivores feed on plants that may vary nutritionally (qualitatively and/or quantitatively) over the course of insect development. Plant quality may change in response to interactions with the biotic environment that in turn may affect development and biomass of the insects feeding on these plants. However, the larvae of many gregariously feeding herbivores feed on comparatively small plants with limited biomass and may also experience variation in the quantity of plant food available. Pieris brassicae L. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) is a gregarious butterfly species laying clutches of 10–150 eggs that are often laid on small brassicaceous food plants, including the plant used in this study, Brassica nigra L. (Brassicaceae). A single B. nigra plant provides insufficient resources for the development of an entire brood of P. brassicae. In this study, we investigated the effect of both plant quality and quantity on the performance of P. brassicae when feeding on B. nigra plants. When we compared the effects of changes in plant quality induced by (1) aphid infestation, (2) exposure to pathogenic and non‐pathogenic bacteria, and (3) inbreeding depression, which are all biotic stresses known to change plant quality, pupal mass and larval development time of P. brassicae were fairly similar. We then examined the effects of quantitative food constraints during immature development on pupal mass, which correlated strongly with adult size, longevity, and fecundity. Female pupal mass, longevity and fecundity were negatively correlated with the duration of starvation during larval development. No significant effect of male starvation was found on female reproduction and longevity. Thus, P. brassicae larvae were more affected by quantitative than by qualitative constraints in terms of pupal mass, which strongly correlated with female reproduction.
The Genealogy as a contribution to a natural history of morals
Authors: Feldblyum Le Blevennec Marie Kerguelen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNietzsche's readers are often tempted to look for his critique of morality in On the Genealogy of Morality. However, I will argue that the Genealogy does not contain Nietzsche's critique of morality, nor was it intended by Nietzsche to contain his critique. Rather, the Genealogy is Nietzsche's attempt to develop crucial parts of what he calls a natural history or typology of morals, which he considers to be a descriptive project meant to serve as preparation for a critique of values. More precisely, the Genealogy serves as preparation for a critique of moral values in three ways: it (1) traces the historical development of Judeo‐Christian moral values in a way that (2) enables diagnosis of their psychological effects on various types of people, and of the physiological traits and states of which those values are symptoms. In turn, this vital factual information is needed by Nietzsche so that he can (3) compare Judeo‐Christian values to other values. 1–3 are purely descriptive, and they make possible a further, evaluative project Nietzsche does not undertake in the Genealogy itself, namely, his critique of those values by determining their place in a new rank ordering of values (i.e., Umwertung or revaluation of values).
Where and why are species' range shifts hampered by unsuitable landscapes?
Authors: Hodgson Jenny A. , Randle Zoë , Shortall Chris R. , Oliver Tom H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThere is widespread concern that species will fail to track climate change if habitat is too scarce or insufficiently connected. Targeted restoration has been advocated to help species adapt, and a “conductance” metric has been proposed, based on simulation studies, to predict effective habitat configurations. However, until now there is very little empirical evidence on how the configuration of habitat is affecting expansion at species' cool range margins. We analysed the colonisation events that have occurred in continuously monitored trap locations for 54 species of southerly distributed moths in Britain between 1985 and 2011. We tested whether the time until colonisation was affected by attributes of each species, and of intervening landcover and climate between the trap and the baseline distribution (1965–1985). For woodland species, the time until colonisation of new locations was predicted by the “conductance” of woodland habitat, and this relationship was general, regardless of species' exact dispersal distances and habitat needs. This shows that contemporary range shifts are being influenced by habitat configuration as well as simple habitat extent. For species associated with farmland or suburban habitats, colonisation was significantly slower through landscapes with a high variance in elevation and/or temperature. Therefore, it is not safe to assume that such relatively tolerant species face no geographical barriers to range expansion. We thus elucidate how species' attributes interact with landscape characteristics to create highly heterogeneous patterns of shifting at cool range margins. Conductance, and other predictors of range shifts, can provide a foundation for developing coherent conservation strategies to manage range shifts for entire communities.
“Intensity, anxiety … but also, hope?” Reflections on care, whiteness, and emotions by women of color during the virocene
Authors: Mejia Angie , Balangoy Danniella , Katoch Chandi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis collaborative autoethnography explores the affective and material effects of the pandemic on our role as Women of Color providing care, engaging in caring, and doing care work at a predominantly white institution (PWI) in the Midwest. Incorporating sociological concepts to explore the racialized dimensions of care work in organizational settings (Hochschild's concepts of emotion labor and emotion work, Kang's work on racialized body labor, and Wingfield and Alston's theory of racial tasks within organizational settings), we examine the complex dynamics between intersectional vulnerabilities emerging from COVID‐19 and structural gendered racism via whiteness in academic settings whose mission is to train future healthcare professionals. To do this, we engage in a collaborative autoethnographic approach to map how racial tasks in three socio‐contextual spaces—academic, social, and experiential settings that facilitate out‐of‐the‐classroom training opportunities—operated to sustain and normalize racial inequities and organizational dynamics that define the institutional identity of an undergraduate health sciences campus. First, we show racial tasks carried out by faculty of color were part of a response to the lack of resources for students of color and an organizational imposition that sustained racial inequities. Second, we describe how racial tasks carried out by undergraduate students of color are connected to white students' sense of fragility, behaviors, and dispositions that have been normalized and reflect aspects of the institutional culture of this PWI. And finally, we see how the body labor connected to racial tasks in experiential education/out‐of‐the‐classroom learning sites exemplify how increasing white nationalism and Trump‐era COVID‐19's policy failures impact organizational practices.
Triptans and vascular comorbidity in persons over fifty: Findings from a nationwide insurance database – A cohort study
Authors: Zebenholzer Karin , Gall Walter , Gleiss Andreas , Pavelic Antun R. , Wöber Christian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo gather information about prescription of triptans and to evaluate whether vascular comorbidity differs in users and nonusers of triptans over the age of 50 years.BackgroundBeyond the age of 50 years, migraine is still common—yet the incidence of vascular disorders increases. Triptans, medications for treating migraine attacks, are vasoconstrictive drugs and contraindicated in persons with vascular disorders.MethodsBased on a nationwide insurance database from 2011, we compared the prescription of vascular drugs (identified by Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical codes), vascular diagnoses and hospitalizations, between triptan users greater than 50 years and a matched control group.ResultsOf the 3,116,000 persons over 50 years, 13,833 (0.44%) had at least one triptan prescription; 11,202 (81%) were women. Thirty percent of the triptan users (13,833/47,336 persons) were over 50 years. Of those over 50 years, 6832 (49.4%) had at least one vascular drug and 870 (6.3%) had at least one inpatient vascular diagnosis; 15.7% (2166 of 13,833 users) overused triptans. We compared triptan‐users to 41,400 nonusers, using a 1:3 match. In triptan‐users, prescriptions of cardiac therapies and beta blockers were significantly more common (odds ratio [OR] = 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.24–1.47 and OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.14–1.25, respectively); whereas prescriptions of calcium channel blockers and renin/angiotensin inhibitors were significantly less common (OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.76–0.88 and OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.72–0.79, respectively). The prescriptions of antihypertensive, diuretic, and antilipidemic drugs as well as platelet inhibitors and direct thrombin inhibitors did not differ in users and nonusers. Triptan users had significantly more hospital stays (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.33–1.45); however, the number of days spent in the hospital and more importantly the frequency of inpatient vascular diagnoses did not differ statistically significantly between the two groups.ConclusionIn persons over 50 years of age, a prescription of triptans is common. Vascular comorbidity is comparable in users and nonusers of triptans showing that triptans are prescribed despite vascular comorbidity and suggesting that triptan use does not increase vascular risk in patients with migraine over the age of 50 years. Nevertheless, regular evaluation for contraindications against triptans and for vascular risk factors is recommended in this age group.
The management of trigeminal neuralgia with triptans, a narrative review of the literature
Authors: Munoz Alfredo , Maxwell Christina , Gofman Natalie , Liebman Kenneth , Veznedaroglu Erol 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this paper is to present a narrative review of the use of triptans in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (TN), as well as to outline possible therapeutic mechanisms of action.BackgroundTN is a debilitating neuropathic disorder with a variety of surgical and pharmacological treatments currently available. Despite treatment being heavily individually tailored, some patients remain refractory to management. The use of triptans for the treatment of TN has been commented on in the literature, yet major trials showing their effectiveness are lacking.MethodsA narrative review of current literature was conducted to identify published original research analyzing the usage of triptans in TN via PubMed and Google Scholar.ResultsLimited case reports and studies have been done to analyze the use of triptans for the treatment of TN. Despite the limited results, the studies that have been done show some promise for triptans as an alternative treatment, in particular to those with refractory TN. Given the incapacitating nature of TN, another alternative treatment may be of benefit to those patients and can help reduce its associated morbidity.ConclusionPatients with refractory TN may find relief of symptoms from the use of triptans. Larger clinical trials are needed to help determine which patients would benefit from their use as well as specific dosing. Caution should be given regarding the long‐term use of triptans, in particular for the typical patient population with TN.
Antiperovskite Sr3MN and Ba3MN (M = Sb or Bi) as promising photovoltaic absorbers for thin‐film solar cells: A first‐principles study
Authors: Kang Youngho 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlthough lead halide perovskites (LHPs) have emerged as interesting photovoltaic (PV) absorbers for thin‐film solar cells, the toxicity of Pb and poor materials stability have hindered the commercialization of solar cells using LHPs. Herein, using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we suggest antiperovskite nitrides Sr3MN and Ba3MN (M = Sb or Bi) as potential Pb‐free PV absorbers for thin‐film solar cells. State‐of‐the‐art DFT calculations based on the GW approximation show that these compounds have direct bandgaps suitable for PV applications. In addition, they exhibit significant absorption coefficients over 105 cm−1 for the visible light. By calculating spectroscopic limited maximum efficiency, we demonstrate that the film thicknesses of several hundred nanometers are enough for Sr3MN and Ba3MN to generate high‐power conversion efficiencies over 20%. The analysis of the electron and hole effective masses reveals that these compounds have efficient carrier‐diffusion paths allowing for the facile extraction of photocarriers. Lastly, we investigate the band alignments of the materials to help the design of thin‐film solar cells.