bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of different cooking methods on chemical compositions, in vitro starch digestibility and antioxidant activity of taro (Colocasia esculenta) corms
Authors: Kapcum Chutikarn , Pasada Kannika , Kantiwong Pearploy , Sroysang Buraporn , Phiwtawee Jiratchaya , Suphantharika Manop , Belur Prasanna D. , Agoo Esperanza Maribel G. , Janairo Jose Isagani Belen , Wongsagonsup Rungtiwa 
Published: May 2022

SummaryThe impacts of different cooking methods (boiling, steaming, baking, microwaving and frying) on chemical compositions, starch digestibility and antioxidant activity of taro corms were investigated. Compared with raw taro, boiling and frying reduced crude protein and ash contents. Frying significantly increased crude fat and fibre contents but decreased carbohydrate content. All cooking methods reduced oxalate content, especially frying. Among the cooked products, the boiled taro had the highest rapidly digestible starch (RDS) but the lowest resistant starch (RS) contents. In contrast, the fried taro provided the lowest RDS but the highest RS contents. All cooking methods reduced the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of taro. The boiled taro had the lowest antioxidant activity but the fired taro provided the highest. Frying was able to retain most of the health‐promoting compounds with the lowest oxalate content; however, the high consumption of high‐fat fried taro may adversely affect human health.
Exploiting adaptive immune receptor recombination read recoveries from exome files to identify subsets of ALL and to establish TCR features that correlate with better outcomes
Authors: Gozlan Etienne C. , Chobrutskiy Boris I. , Blanck George 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe recovery of adaptive immune receptor (IR) recombination reads from tumour‐derived genomics files has advanced the understanding of the immune system's interaction with cancer. This approach has been largely limited to solid tumours, where genomics file preparation allows for the recovery of adaptive IR reads corresponding to the T‐cells and B‐cells found in the solid tumour microenvironment. In this study, we sought to determine whether IR recombination reads from liquid tumour genomics files could also be informative.MethodsWe recovered the adaptive IR recombination reads from acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) normal and pathological genomics files of the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET)‐ALL, phase 2 project.ResultsIn the bone marrow setting, results indicated that there was little or no B‐cell response to ALL. However, results did show survival distinctions for B‐cell ALL, in cases with specific T‐cell complementarity determining region‐3 chemical features, potentially reflecting specificity of the adaptive T‐cell response against ALL. Furthermore, we found that the B‐cell form of ALL, as well as what is likely TRD clonotypic, T‐cell ALL, could likely be diagnosed via the recovery of B‐cell receptor and TRD recombination reads, respectively, from pathological bone marrow exome files.ConclusionsRecovery of IR recombination reads from ALL exomes could aid in sub‐type diagnoses and prognoses.
Live‐attenuated influenza vaccine effectiveness against hospitalization in children aged 2–6 years, the first three seasons of the childhood influenza vaccination program in England, 2013/14–2015/16
Authors: Boddington Nicki L. , Mangtani Punam , Zhao Hongxin , Verlander Neville Q. , Ellis Joanna , Andrews Nick , Pebody Richard G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionIn 2013, the United Kingdom began to roll‐out a universal annual influenza vaccination program for children. An important component of any new vaccination program is measuring its effectiveness. Live‐attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) have since shown mixed results with vaccine effectiveness (VE) varying across seasons and countries elsewhere. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of influenza vaccination in children against severe disease during the first three seasons of the LAIV program in England.MethodsUsing the screening method, LAIV vaccination coverage in children hospitalized with laboratory‐confirmed influenza infection was compared with vaccination coverage in 2–6‐year‐olds in the general population to estimate VE in 2013/14–2015/16.ResultsThe overall LAIV VE, adjusted for age group, week/month and geographical area, for all influenza types pooled over the three influenza seasons was 50.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 31.2, 63.8). By age, there was evidence of protection against hospitalization from influenza vaccination in both the pre‐school (2–4‐year‐olds) (48.1%, 95% CI 27.2, 63.1) and school‐aged children (5–6‐year‐olds) (62.6%, 95% CI 2.6, 85.6) over the three seasons.ConclusionLAIV vaccination in children provided moderate annual protection against laboratory‐confirmed influenza‐related hospitalization in England over the three influenza seasons. This study contributes further to the limited literature to date on influenza VE against severe disease in children.
Comparison of the clinical effects of intermittently scanned and real‐time continuous glucose monitoring in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Urakami Tatsuhiko , Terada Hiroki , Yoshida Kei , Kuwabara Remi , Mine Yusuke , Aoki Masako , Shoji Yasuko , Suzuki Junichi , Morioka Ichiro 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionThe aim of the study was to compare two continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems, intermittently scanned CGM (isCGM) and real‐time CGM (rtCGM), to determine which system achieved better glycemic control in pediatric patients.Materials and MethodsWe carried out a retrospective cohort study of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, and compared the time in range (70–180 mg/dL), time below range (<70 mg/dL) and time above range (>180 mg/dL), and estimated glycated hemoglobin levels between patients on isCGM and rtCGM.ResultsOf the 112 participants, 76 (67.9%) used isCGM and 36 (32.1%) used rtCGM for glycemic management. Patients on rtCGM had significantly greater time in range (57.7 ± 12.3% vs 52.3 ± 12.3%, P = 0.0368), and had significantly lower time below range (4.3 ± 2.7% vs 10.2% ± 5.4%, P < 0.001) than those on isCGM, but there was no significant difference in the time above range (37.4 ± 12.9% vs 38.0% ± 12.5%, P = 0.881) or the glycosylated hemoglobin A1c levels (7.4 ± 0.9% vs 7.5 ± 0.8%, P = 0.734) between the two groups.ConclusionsPediatric patients with type 1 diabetes on rtCGM also showed more beneficial effects for increase of time in range, with a notable reduction of time below range compared with those on isCGM. Real‐time CGM might provide better glycemic control than isCGM in children with type 1 diabetes.
Sustained positive consequences of genetic rescue of fitness and behavioural traits in inbred populations of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Jørgensen Daniel Bang , Ørsted Michael , Kristensen Torsten Nygaard 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOne solution to alleviate the detrimental genetic effects associated with reductions in population size and fragmentation is to introduce immigrants from other populations. While the effects of this genetic rescue on fitness traits are fairly well known, it is less clear to what extent inbreeding depression and subsequent genetic rescue affect behavioural traits. In this study, replicated crosses between inbred lines of Drosophila melanogaster were performed in order to investigate the effects of inbreeding and genetic rescue on egg‐to‐adult viability and negative geotaxis behaviour—a locomotor response used to measure, e.g. the effects of physiological ageing. Transgenerational effects of outcrossing were investigated by examining the fitness consequences in both the F1 and F4 generation. The majority of inbred lines showed evidence for inbreeding depression for both egg‐to‐adult viability and behavioural performance (95% and 66% of lines, respectively), with inbreeding depression being more pronounced for viability compared with the locomotor response. Subsequent outcrossing with immigrants led to an alleviation of the negative effects for both viability and geotaxis response resulting in inbred lines being similar to the outbred controls, with beneficial effects persisting from F1 to F4. Overall, the results clearly show that genetic rescue can provide transgenerational rescue of small, inbred populations by rapidly improving population fitness components. Thus, we show that even the negative effects of inbreeding on behaviour, similar to that of neurodegeneration associated with physiological ageing, can be reversed by genetic rescue.
Insulin resistance and idiopathic hirsutism: A systematic review, meta‐analysis, and meta‐regression
Authors: Amiri Mina , Mahmoudieh Leila , Sheidaei Ali , Fallahzadeh Aida , Ramezani Tehrani Fahimeh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) of insulin resistance parameters in women with IH, compared to healthy and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) controls.Materials and MethodsPubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Embase were searched for retrieving studies published up to November 2021 investigating the insulin resistance parameters in women with IH, compared to control groups. Meta‐regression and subgroup analysis were conducted to evaluate the effect of potential confounders, such as age, BMI, and study design.ResultsA meta‐analysis of 20 studies revealed that higher SMDs of fasting insulin (SMD: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.10, 1.06), HOMA‐IR (SMD: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.97), and FBS levels (SMD: 0.11; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.19) in women with IH than healthy. It also showed that the SMD of HOMA‐IR was significantly lower in women with IH than PCOS patients (SMD: −0.49; 95% CI: −0.88, −0.09). A subgroup analysis of cross‐sectional studies showed higher SMDs of fasting insulin (SMD: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.05, 1.68), HOMA‐IR (SMD: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.01, 1.64), and FBS levels (SMD: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.28) in women with IH than healthy, whereas there was no difference in the SMD of these metabolic parameters between IH and PCOS groups, except for SMD of HOMA‐IR (SMD: −0.22; 95% CI: −0.42, −0.02).ConclusionsThe results of the study demonstrate that insulin resistance parameters are related to IH, although insulin resistance values in women with IH are not as high as in patients with PCOS. According to the results of the study, measuring these metabolic parameters can be beneficial to evaluate all hirsute women with IH.
Patent law and 3D printing applications in response to COVID‐19: Exceptions to inventor rights
Authors: Abbas Muhammad Z. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) printing technology offers promise in relation to much‐needed health technologies associated with COVID‐19. Additive manufacturing, which allows the rapid conversion of information from digital 3D models into physical objects, is uniquely well‐positioned to address the shortage of critical medical devices by enabling the fabrication and repair of medical devices in a timely and cost‐effective manner. This paper examines the issue of patent rights being at odds with access to critical 3D printable health technologies during COVID‐19 crisis. It undertakes an in‐depth analysis of the right to repair and calls for a clearer recognition of the right to repair exemption at the global level. It also evaluates the private and noncommercial use exception and proposes the use of a reasonably broad form of this exception to make it practically significant. It also considers the experimental use exception and calls upon World Trade Organization Member States to provide legislative clarity that a defense of an experimental use extends to repairs. This study is crucial because access to necessary health technologies, in a pandemic context, is a matter of life and death for millions of patients around the globe, especially for underprivileged patients in resource‐constrained countries.
Experts, aliens, and everyone in between: Agriculture committee assignments and sector embeddedness in the Argentine Congress
Authors: Levita Gabriel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAgriculture is one of the most important sectors in Argentina's economy. Although most of the time congressional committees play a secondary role regarding agricultural policy, they become crucial in certain situations. In this article, we analyze the political economy of agriculture committee assignments in the Argentine Congress and the embeddedness of their members in the agricultural sector from 2001 to 2019. Conventional wisdom holds that in Argentina—a strongly presidential country with a congress full of amateur legislators and party‐oriented career paths—the standing committee's composition reflects party leaders' preferences rather than constituencies' interests or legislators' backgrounds. Through descriptive analysis and a binary logistic regression, we show that many committee members are in fact experts in agriculture and are highly embedded in the sector, whereas others have no bonds whatsoever. Moreover, constituency preferences have some influence on committee appointments. These findings contribute to understanding better the legislative organization of Congress and the overlap between politics and this fundamental economic sector. They further help to expand the theoretical approach for studying economic committee composition in Argentina.
Identification and functional assays of single‐nucleotide variants of opsins genes in melanocytic tumors
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zeng Wen , Feng Jianglong , Li Pinhao , Wang Yu , Lu Hongguang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEpidermal melanocytes sense solar light via the opsin‐coupled signaling pathway which is involved in a range of biological functions, including regulating pigmentation, proliferation, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. However, it remains unclear whether there are genetic variants within these opsins that affect opsin protein structure and function, and further melanocyte biological behaviors. Here, we examined single‐nucleotide variants (SNVs) of five opsin (RGR, OPN1SW, OPN2, OPN4, and OPN5) genes in MM (malignant melanoma; n = 76) and MN (melanocytic nevi; n = 157), using next‐generation sequencing. The effects of these pathogenic single‐nucleotide variants (SNVs) on opsin structure and function were further investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, dynamic cross‐correlation (DCC), and site‐directed mutagenesis. In total, 107 SNV variants were identified. Of these variants, 14 nonsynonymous SNVs (nsSNVs) of opsin genes were detected, including three mutations in the RGR gene, three mutations in the OPN1SW gene, two mutations in the OPN2 gene, and six mutations in the OPN4 gene. The effect of these missense mutations on opsin function was then assessed using eight prediction tools to estimate the potential impact of an amino acid substitution. The impact of each nsSNV was investigated using MD simulations and DCC analysis. Furthermore, we performed in vitro fluorescence calcium imaging to assess the functional properties of nsSNV proteins using a site‐directed mutagenesis method. Taken together, these results revealed that p.A103V (RGR), p.T167I (RGR), p.G141S (OPN1SW), p.R144C (OPN1SW), and p.S231F (OPN4) had more deleterious effects on protein structure and function among the 14 nsSNVs. Opsin gene alterations showed the low frequency of missense mutations in melanocytic tumors, and although rare, some mutations in these opsin genes disrupt the canonical function of opsin. Our findings provide new insight into the role of opsin variants in the loss of function.
Viability Improvement of Three‐Dimensional Human Skin Substitutes by Photobiomodulation during Cultivation
Authors: Tsunoi Yasuyuki , Miyazaki Hiromi , Kawauchi Satoko , Akagi Takami , Akashi Mitsuru , Saitoh Daizoh , Sato Shunichi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) cultured skin containing vascular networks is a useful skin substitute that enables rapid reperfusion after transplantation. During its cultivation, however, insufficient nutrient delivery to the thick cultured tissue from the surrounding culture medium decreases the tissue viability. To solve this problem, in this study, we applied photobiomodulation (PBM), which can optically activate the electron transport chain of mitochondria, to human 3D skin cultures constructed using the layer‐by‐layer cell coating technique. PBM was applied once 5 days after the start of epidermal differentiation using a light‐emitting diode array with a center wavelength of 440, 523, 658 or 823 nm at a constant light intensity of 15 mW cm−2 for 50 or 600 s. Two days after PBM, we assessed the viability of the tissues by a water‐soluble tetrazolium‐8 assay, adenosine triphosphate measurements and live/dead cell imaging, and the results showed that the PBM at 823 nm for 50 s (0.75 J cm−2) significantly improved the viability of the 3D‐cultured skin.
Is winter coming? Minor effect of the onset of chilling accumulation on the prediction of endodormancy release and budbreak
Authors: Charrier Guillaume 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe buds of perennial plants become dormant in autumn and must integrate the information related to chilling and forcing temperatures to resume their growth in spring. In many studies, the initial date for chilling accumulation (DCA) is set arbitrarily using various rules resulting in high variability across studies and sites. To test the relevancy of different rules to set DCA, sequential models (taking into account or not the negative effect of warm temperature) were optimized by minimizing the sums of squares between observed and predicted values for 34 endodormancy release and 77 budbreak dates for the walnut Juglans regia L. cv Franquette across France. Optimization of these different models highlighted that many of the DCA rules, incorporating a photoperiod signal on endodormancy induction, were effective (predicted root mean square standard error less than 10 and 8 days for endodormancy onset and bud break, respectively). Furthermore, the use of functions that compute negative chilling accumulation did not improve the performance of the models. Among the different rules, the projections of the best models were explored under different climates (current climate and Representative Concentration Pathways RCP scenarios). The projections revealed a tipping point at a mean annual temperature between 13 and 15°C, beyond which the advance in ontogenic development during ecodormancy does not compensate for the delay in endodormancy release. Although the physiological mechanisms driving the onset of endodormancy may be profoundly altered by global change, they appear to have minimal impact on the way current models predict dormancy and budbreak dates in walnut.
Highly Irregular Functional Generalized Linear Regression with Electronic Health Records
Authors: Petrovich Justin , Reimherr Matthew , Daymont Carrie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis work presents a new approach, called Multiple Imputation of Sparsely-sampled Functions at Irregular Times (MISFIT), for fitting generalized functional linear regression models with sparsely and irregularly sampled data. Current methods do not allow for consistent estimation unless one assumes that the number of observed points per curve grows sufficiently quickly with the sample size. In contrast, MISFIT is based on a multiple imputation framework, which, as we demonstrate empirically, has the potential to produce consistent estimates without such an assumption. Just as importantly, it propagates the uncertainty of not having completely observed curves, allowing for a more accurate assessment of the uncertainty of parameter estimates, something that most methods currently cannot accomplish. This work is motivated by a longitudinal study on macrocephaly, or atypically large head size, in which electronic medical records allow for the collection of a great deal of data. However, the sampling is highly variable from child to child. Using MISFIT we are able to clearly demonstrate that the development of pathologic conditions related to macrocephaly is associated with both the overall head circumference of the children as well as the velocity of their head growth.
Children's inductive inferences about individuals with gender category uncertainty
Authors: Yuly‐Youngblood Andrea C. , Boseovski Janet J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLittle research focuses on children's reasoning about people whose gender is perceived as uncertain. Five‐ to 8‐year‐olds viewed a target with a gender uncertain appearance. The target had trait or preference similarities with a character from a binary, specified gender (i.e., boy, girl) and appearance similarities with another character that had an uncertain gender. Half of the participants heard gender uncertainty labels (i.e., “We're not sure about this person. This person doesn't look like a boy or a girl.”) or gender specification labels (i.e., “This person is a boy.”) for each character. The remaining participants heard miscellaneous character information. Children inferred whether the target favored the same novel activity as the character with similar traits or preferences, but with a specified gender, or the gender uncertain character. Seven‐ and 8‐year‐olds made more trait‐based predictions than 5‐ and 6‐year‐olds, but both age groups made unsystematic predictions in response to preferences, suggesting that some viewed preferences and others viewed gender as reflective of broader similarities among people in this context. A follow‐up study with 5‐ and 6‐year‐olds conveyed gender uncertainty more directly through identification (i.e., “This person is not a boy or a girl.”) and revealed that children consistently made preference‐based, but not trait‐based, predictions about the target. The present findings reveal that children do not reason about gender uncertainty in the same way that they reason about the binary gender categories, which highlights the need to further investigate children's understanding of gender beyond the typical boy and girl dichotomy.
Coupling of ASTEC V2.1 and RASCAL 4.3 Codes to Evaluate the Source Term and the Radiological Consequences of a Loss-of-Cooling Accident at a Spent Fuel Pool
Authors: Guglielmelli Antonio , Ederli Stefano , Mascari Fulvio , Rocchi Federico , Maccari Pietro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper deals with a general methodology to evaluate the Source Term (ST) and the Radiological Consequences (RC) of a hypothetical Severe Accident (SA) at a Fukushima-like Spent Fuel Pool (SFP) by coupling ASTEC 2.1 and RASCAL 4.3 SA and consequence projections (CP) codes, respectively. The methodology consists of the following sequential steps: the ST provided by a prior simulation performed by ASTEC V2.1 code was used as input to RASCAL 4.3 code to make a RC analysis. This approach was developed as a preparatory study for the Management and Uncertainties in Severe Accident (MUSA) H2020 European Project, coordinated by CIEMAT, where the ENEA's Nuclear Installations safety laboratory is committed to performing an analysis on a Fukushima-like SFP with the aim to apply innovative management of SFP accidents (WP6) to mitigate the RC of the accident itself. To perform the RC studies that could have an impact on Italy, a Fukushima-like SFP was assumed located in one of the Italian cross-border NPP sites. The weather data adopted are both standard and real hourly meteorological data taken from more than one geographical location. The results of the RC for 96 h of ST release in a range of 160 km from the emission point are reported in terms of Total Effective Dose Equivalent (TEDE), Thyroid dose, and Cs-137 total ground deposition. The mitigating effect on ST and on RC of the cooling spray system (CSS) actuated with several pH values (i.e., 4,7,10) was also investigated.