bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The development of place value concepts: Approximation before principles
Authors: Mix Kelly S. , Bower Corinne A. , Hancock Gregory R. , Yuan Lei , Smith Linda B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPlace value concepts were measured longitudinally from kindergarten (2017) to first grade (2018) in a diverse sample (n = 279; Mage = 5.76 years, SD = 0.55; 135 females; 41% Black, 38% White, 8% Asian, 12% Latino). Children completed three syntactic tasks that required an explicit understanding of base‐10 symbols and three approximate tasks that could be completed without this explicit understanding. Approximate performance was significantly better in both age groups. A factor analysis confirmed that syntactic and approximate tasks tapped separate latent variables in kindergarten, but not in first grade. Path analyses indicated that only kindergarten approximate performance predicted overall first‐grade place value understanding. These findings suggest that explicit understanding of base‐10 principles develops from implicit, partial knowledge of multidigit numbers.
Approach to childhood glaucoma: A review
Authors: Karaconji Tanya , Zagora Sophia , Grigg John R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractChildhood glaucoma represents a heterogenous group of rare ocular conditions that may result in significant sight threatening complications related to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). It can be classified as either primary or secondary and the latter may have systemic associations. This review will be based on the work of the childhood glaucoma research network (CGRN) and will focus on the diagnosis and management of the most common types of childhood glaucoma. These include primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) and juvenile open angle glaucoma (JOAG) as well as secondary causes of glaucoma associated with non‐acquired ocular anomalies (Axenfeld‐Rieger anomaly; Peters anomaly and Aniridia), glaucoma associated with systemic disease (Sturge Weber syndrome and Neurofibromatosis), those due to acquired conditions (Uveitic glaucoma, trauma and tumours) and importantly glaucoma following cataract surgery.
Examining relations between performance on non‐verbal executive function and verbal self‐regulation tasks in demographically‐diverse populations
Authors: Dutra Natália B. , Chen Lydia , Anum Adote , Burger Oskar , Davis Helen E. , Dzokoto Vivian A. , Fong Frankie T. K. , Ghelardi Sabrina , Mendez Kimberly , Messer Emily J. E. , Newhouse Morgan , Nielsen Mark G. , Ramos Karlos , Rawlings Bruce , dos Santos Renan A. C. , Silveira Lara G. S. , Tucker‐Drob Elliot M. , Legare Cristine H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSelf‐regulation is a widely studied construct, generally assumed to be cognitively supported by executive functions (EFs). There is a lack of clarity and consensus over the roles of specific components of EFs in self‐regulation. The current study examines the relations between performance on (a) a self‐regulation task (Heads, Toes, Knees Shoulders Task) and (b) two EF tasks (Knox Cube and Beads Tasks) that measure different components of updating: working memory and short‐term memory, respectively. We compared 107 8‐ to 13‐year‐old children (64 females) across demographically‐diverse populations in four low and middle‐income countries, including: Tanna, Vanuatu; Keningau, Malaysia; Saltpond, Ghana; and Natal, Brazil. The communities we studied vary in market integration/urbanicity as well as level of access, structure, and quality of schooling. We found that performance on the visuospatial working memory task (Knox Cube) and the visuospatial short‐term memory task (Beads) are each independently associated with performance on the self‐regulation task, even when controlling for schooling and location effects. These effects were robust across demographically‐diverse populations of children in low‐and middle‐income countries. We conclude that this study found evidence supporting visuospatial working memory and visuospatial short‐term memory as distinct cognitive processes which each support the development of self‐regulation.
Socioeconomic status predicts children's moral judgments of novel resource distributions
Authors: Peretz‐Lange Rebecca , Harvey Teresa , Blake Peter R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractChildren's moral judgments of resource distributions as having “fair” or “unfair” origins play an important role in early social cognition. What factors shape these judgments? The present study advances research on this question in two primary ways: First, while prior work has typically assigned children to an advantaged or disadvantaged position in an experimental setting, here we also investigated how relative objective and Subjective Socioeconomic Status (OSS and SSS) predicted children's judgments. Second, while prior work has asked children to judge distributions with known origins, here we presented children with novel and causally ambiguous distributions, thereby simulating children's initial encounter of resource distributions in the social world. We assessed participants’ (n = 113, 6‐ to 9‐year‐olds) OSS and SSS and then introduced them to a machine that distributed Skittles on an unknown basis. Participants received half as many, twice as many, or the same number of Skittles as a peer in three between‐subjects conditions, and then rated the machine's fairness. Results revealed that children who rated their families as wealthier relative to their neighborhoods (higher SSS) rated the machine as more fair. However, children from families that were actually wealthier relative to their neighborhoods (higher OSS) were more likely to rate the disadvantage‐giving machine as unfair. Together, results represent the first evidence that OSS and SSS shape children's moral judgments of resource distributions, consistent with evidence that these two forms of socioeconomic status have unique impacts on adults’ judgments of inequality. Implications for moral and social development are discussed.
Diagnostic accuracy of cardiopulmonary ultrasound for pulmonary embolism: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cao Jingli , Sun Junjie , Wang Yuanyuan , Wang Lihong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundCardiopulmonary ultrasound has shown varying results in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism patients around the world. Hence, the current review was done to assess the diagnostic accuracy of cardiopulmonary ultrasound for diagnosis of pulmonary embolism among suspected patients.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search for all studies reporting the diagnostic accuracy of cardiopulmonary ultrasound for pulmonary embolism in the databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane library from inception till May 2021. Meta‐analysis was performed using STATA software “midas” package.ResultsTen studies with 4216 patients were included. The pooled sensitivity was 77% (95% CI, 50–92%) and specificity was 99% (95% CI, 97–100%), respectively. The pooled DOR was 382 (95% CI, 77–1883). Pooled LRP was 90 (95% CI, 24–326) and pooled LRN was .23 (.09–.58). There was significant heterogeneity found with the outcome with significant chi‐square test and I2 statistic > 75%.ConclusionCardiopulmonary ultrasound has the ability to be used as an adjunct to CTPA especially in resource constrained settings. Further reviews comparing multiple non‐invasive imaging modalities are required to pick the best tool for diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.
The Melancholy of Bones: Forensic Exhumation as an Elegiac Transformative Experience
Authors: Hagerty Alexa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSince the early 1990s, forensic exhumation of mass graves in the wake of violent conflict has become an increasingly important humanitarian intervention. Exhumation has two stated aims: to document evidence of atrocity for judicial proceedings and to return bodies to families to bring psychological closure. Exhumation is premised on the idea that opening graves bring mourners’ closure, but little research has been done to examine how humanitarian exhumation affects the families of the missing. In this article, I consider the return of the exhumed remains to families and reflect on the relationship between mourning, violence, and transformation. I argue that humanitarian forensic exhumation is underwritten by a model of grief derived from Freud's distinction between mourning and melancholy. Drawing on fieldwork in Argentina, I claim that this model ultimately proves inadequate to capture the varieties of experience described by families of the missing. I develop “elegiac transformation” as a theoretical lens to explore experiences of exhumation. While forensic discourse emphasizes “closure,” the return of bodies to families may be more generatively conceived as opening memories, old wounds, and new possibilities for healing, transforming its participants. [death forced disappearance mourning forensic exhumation and transformative experience]Résument Desde la década de 1990, la exhumación forense de fosas comunes después de conflictos violentos se ha convertido en una intervención humanitaria de creciente importancia. La exhumación tiene dos objetivos explícitos: documentar evidencia de atrocidades para los procedimientos judiciales y devolver los cuerpos a las familias para lograr un cierre psicológico. La exhumación se basa en la idea de que la apertura de las fosas produce un cierre psicológico para los dolientes, pero se han realizado pocas investigaciones para examinar cómo afecta la exhumación humanitaria a las familias de los desaparecidos. En este artículo, abordo el tema de la devolución de los restos exhumados a las familias y reflejo la relación entre el duelo, la violencia y la transformación. Sostengo que la exhumación forense humanitaria está suscrita por un modelo de duelo derivado de la distinción de Freud entre el duelo y la melancolía. Basándome en el trabajo de campo en Argentina, afirmo que este modelo finalmente resulta inadecuado para aprehender las variedades de experiencias descritas por las familias de los desaparecidos. Elaboro la "transformación elegíaca" como una lente teórica para explorar las experiencias de la exhumación. Mientras que el discurso forense hace énfasis en el "cierre", el retorno de los cuerpos a las familias puede ser conceptualizado de manera más generativa como la apertura de recuerdos, antiguas heridas y nuevas posibilidades de sanación, transformando a sus participantes.
Multiple evolutionary origins of glyphosate resistance in Lolium multiflorum
Authors: Brunharo Caio A. C. G. , Streisfeld Matthew A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe multitude of herbicide resistance patterns that have evolved in different weed species is a remarkable example of the rapid adaptation to anthropogenic‐driven disturbance. Recently, resistance to glyphosate was identified in multiple populations of Lolium multiflorum in Oregon. We used phenotypic approaches, as well as population genomic and gene expression analyses, to determine whether known mechanisms were responsible for glyphosate resistance and whether resistance phenotypes evolved independently in different populations, and to identify potential loci contributing to resistance. We found no evidence of genetic alterations or expression changes at known target and non‐target‐site resistance mechanisms of glyphosate. Population genomic analyses indicated that resistant populations tended to have largely distinct ancestry from one another, suggesting that glyphosate resistance did not spread among populations by gene flow. Rather, resistance appears to have evolved independently on different genetic backgrounds. We also detected potential loci associated with the resistance phenotype, some of which encode proteins with potential effects on herbicide metabolism. Our results suggest that Oregon populations of L. multiflorum evolved resistance to glyphosate due to a novel mechanism. Future studies that characterize the gene or genes involved in resistance will be necessary to confirm this conclusion.
Comparing effectiveness of first‐line antiretroviral therapy between peri‐urban and rural clinics in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa
Authors: Brijkumar Jaysingh , Edwards Johnathan A. , Johnson Brent A. , Ordonez Claudia , Sunpath Henry , Lee Mitch , Dudgeon Mathew R. , Rautman Lydia , Pillay Selvan , Moodley Pravi , Sun Y. V. , Castillo‐Mancilla José , Li Jonathan Z. , Kuritzkes Daniel R. , Moosa Mohamed Y. S. , Marconi Vincent Charles 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesViral suppression (VS) is the hallmark of successful antiretroviral therapy (ART) programmes. We sought to compare clinic retention, virological outcomes, drug resistance and mortality between peri‐urban and rural settings in South Africa after first‐line ART.MethodsBeginning in July 2014, 1000 (500 peri‐urban and 500 rural) ART‐naïve patients with HIV were enrolled and managed according to local standard of care. Clinic retention, virological suppression, virological failure (VF), genotypic drug resistance and mortality were assessed. The definition of VS was a viral load ≤1000 copies/ml. Time to event analyses were stratified by site, median age and gender. Kaplan–Meier curves were calculated and graphed with log‐rank modelling to compare curves.ResultsBased on 2741 patient‐years of follow‐up, retention and mortality did not differ between sites. Among all 1000 participants, 47%, 84% and 91% had achieved VS by 6, 12 and 24 months, respectively, which was observed earlier in the peri‐urban site. At both sites, men aged < 32 years had the highest proportion of VF (15.5%), while women aged > 32 years had the lowest, at 7.1% (p = 0.018). Among 55 genotypes, 42 (76.4%) had at one or more resistance mutations, which did not differ by site. K103N (59%) and M184V (52%) were the most common mutations, followed by V106M and K65R (31% each). Overall, death was infrequent (< 4%).ConclusionsNo significant differences in treatment outcomes between peri‐urban and rural clinics were observed. In both settings, young men were especially susceptible to clinic attrition and VF. More effective adherence support for this important demographic group is needed to achieve UNAIDS targets.
Interpreting the optical properties of oxide glasses with machine learning and Shapely additive explanations
Authors: Zaki Mohd , Venugopal Vineeth , Bhattoo Ravinder , Bishnoi Suresh , Singh Sourabh Kumar , Allu Amarnath R. , Jayadeva  , Krishnan N. M. Anoop 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDue to their excellent optical properties, glasses are used for various applications ranging from smartphone screens to telescopes. Developing compositions with tailored Abbe number (Vd) and refractive index at 587.6 nm (nd), two crucial optical properties, is a major challenge. To this extent, machine learning (ML) approaches have been successfully used to develop composition–property models. However, these models are essentially black boxes in nature and suffer from the lack of interpretability. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of ML models to predict the composition‐dependent variations of Vd and nd. Further, using Shapely additive explanations (SHAP), we interpret the ML models to identify the contribution of each of the input components toward target prediction. We observe that glass formers such as SiO2, B2O3, and P2O5 and intermediates such as TiO2, PbO, and Bi2O3 play a significant role in controlling the optical properties. Interestingly, components contributing toward increasing the nd are found to decrease the Vd and vice versa. Finally, we develop the Abbe diagram, using the ML models, allowing accelerated discovery of new glasses for optical properties beyond the experimental pareto front. Overall, employing explainable ML, we predict and interpret the compositional control on the optical properties of oxide glasses.
Cell components, interaction types and functional groups involved in the in vitro binding of bisphenol A by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum RS20D and DL7X
Authors: Lai Jinghui , Zhu Yuanting , Liao Xuduo , Zhang Mengmei , Li Jianlong , Li Qin , Liu Aiping , He Li , Liu Shuliang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Aims
The current study aimed to evaluate the capacity of two Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains to remove Bisphenol A (BPA) and to determine the preliminary removal mechanisms underlying this process.

Methods and Results
The BPA removal capacity of L. plantarum RS20D and DL7X was assessed by HPLC analysis. The effect of various treatments (physical, chemical and enzymatic) on two strains were studied to understand which interaction types worked. The different cellular components of them were also subjected to binding assays. Additionally, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed to identify the functional groups related to the BPA-binding process. Results show that various treatments enhanced the binding capacity of two strains, the effect of sodium dodecyl sulphate was the most outstanding (p &lt; 0.05). Hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions likely occurred. Peptidoglycans showed the highest binding capability, protoplasts and teichoic acids might also exert a binding effect. –OH, C=O, –CH, –NH, C–N, C–O and P=O participated in BPA binding by the two L. plantarum lines.

Conclusions
Peptidoglycans, protoplasts and teichoic acid played a vital role in the binding of BPA.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Our results provided a theoretical foundation for developing effective dietary strategies with foodborne L. plantarum to remove food contaminants.
Anu taila, an herbal nasal drop, suppresses mucormycosis by regulating host TNF-α response and fungal ergosterol biosynthesis
Authors: Balkrishna Acharya , Rastogi Shubhangi , Kharayat Bhawana , Tomer Meenu , Varshney Yash , Singh Kanchan , Kumari Priya , Dev Rishabh , Srivastava Jyotish , Haldar Swati , Varshney Anurag 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Aim
The intractable, mucormycosis, caused by Mucorales primarily targets immunocompromised individuals. The first-line therapy, intravenous liposomal amphotericin B and surgical debridement of necrotic tissue, is contraindicative in individuals with compromised kidneys. This invokes a pressing need to identify safer treatment options.

Methods and Results
The antifungal effect of the classical nasal drop, Anu taila, against Mucor spp. was investigated through microbiological, cytological, analytical chemical (HPLC and GS–MS/MS) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) approaches. Anu taila-pretreated spores germinated late, resulting in reduced infectivity, observed as milder monocytic immune response. Conversely, Anu taila-pretreated human THP-1 cells exhibited an improved immune response against Mucor spores, through TNF-α. Repeated Anu taila application rapidly abolished fungal microarchitectures than amphotericin B, evident from swift replacement of hyphae, sporangiophores and sporangia with fused biomass, in the SEM images. HPLC analysis showed that Anu taila treatment significantly reduced overall ergosterol content in Mucor biomass. Anu taila also downregulated sterol-C5-desaturase-coding ERG3 gene, crucial for ergosterol biosynthesis and resultant structural integrity, in Mucor spp.

Conclusion
Taken together, Anu taila was found effective against Mucor spp., with both prophylactic and curative implications, which is attributable to the phytochemical composition of this classical nasal drop.

Significance and Impact Statement
The potential remedial effects of a classical nasal drop against an obdurate and challenging fungal infection are identified.
Biosurfactant production by Lactobacillus plantarum MGL-8 from mango waste
Authors: Sittisart Priyada , Gasaluck Piyawan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Aims
Enhancing biosurfactant production from indigenous Lactobacillus plantarum MGL-8 using mango waste substrate, and evaluating its characteristics as food sanitizer.

Methods and Results
Mango juice (a mixture of mango paste, sucrose, glycerol and deionized water) was used for batch fermentation with L. plantarum MGL-8 (L-MJ) and uninoculated (MC-MJ). Agitation, aeration and temperature were controlled. Maximum lactic acid bacteria (LAB) growth was observed in MC-MJ and L-MJ at 48 h, and the L-MJ fermentation provided the highest biosurfactant yield of 4.22 g L−1 at 120 h. The dried crude biosurfactant (BSF) provided surface tension 36.6 mN m−1, a maximum emulsification index (E24%) of 41% and zone of inhibition of 15.53 mm. Preliminary characterization by Gas chromatography–Mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) indicated a multi-component glycolipoprotein BSF associated with fatty dodecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, proteins and polysaccharides. The BSF also displayed bactericidal activity against Listeria monocytogenes at 400 μg ml−1.

Conclusions
Mango waste substrate enhanced biosurfactant production by indigenous L. plantarum MGL-8.

Significance and Impact of the Study
The study identifies a production process and characteristics of the biosurfactant, which can be employed as a food sanitizer.
Connecting Amazonian historical biogeography and local assemblages of understorey birds: Recurrent guild proportionality within areas of endemism
Authors: Braga Pilar L. M. , Borges Sérgio H. , Peres Carlos A. , Loiselle Bette A. , Blake John G. , Menger Juliana , Bueno Anderson S. , Anciães Marina , Teófilo Fernando H. , Maximiano Marina F. A. , Souza Affonso H. N. , Boss Roberta L. , Baccaro Fabricio B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimCurrent diversity patterns in local communities result from historical and contemporary events that operate at distinct spatial and temporal scales. However, the contribution of local and large‐scale processes in structuring species diversity remain a contentious topic in ecology. We investigated diversity patterns (species richness, composition and number of captures) of understorey bird assemblages in Amazonian unflooded (terra firme) forests. We sought to understand whether understorey bird assemblages in distinct areas of endemism show distinct patterns of diversity, and whether species replacements among areas of endemism occur while the proportion of species within guilds remains stable.LocationAmazonia.TaxonUnderstorey birds.MethodsTo investigate diversity patterns, we compiled studies that mist‐netted birds at 11 regions across seven Amazonian areas of endemism. We used coverage‐based rarefaction curves, non‐metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and created a heatmap based on the proportion of captures in each area of endemism to access patterns of richness, composition and captures of understorey birds, respectively. The relative variance (RVgp index) was calculated to investigate the existence of guild proportionality within each area of endemism.ResultsBird assemblages diverged across the seven areas of endemism, in terms of species richness, composition and captures. However, the proportion of species and individuals within guilds was similar among areas of endemism, indicating that species replacements across areas of endemism occur while maintaining the same ecological functions. Guild proportionality suggests that interspecific competition and resource availability are more important than environmental heterogeneity in structuring understorey bird assemblages.Main conclusionsThe similar proportion of species within guilds suggest that interspecific competition and resource availability are more important than environmental heterogeneity in structuring local assemblages, possibly via a process of limiting similarity in morphological and functional traits. The observed congruent structure in understorey bird assemblages across areas of endemism shows that coupled historical and ecological processes, operating at local to large scales, have led to current patterns of diversity and composition in Amazonian bird communities.