bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change and tuberculosis drive non-adaptive shifts in the faecal microbiota of wild meerkats
Authors: Risely Alice , Müller-Klein Nadine , Schmid Dominik , Wilhelm Kerstin , Clutton-Brock Tim , Manser Marta , Sommer Simone 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Climate change and climate-driven increases in infectious disease threaten wildlife populations globally. Yet, their combined long-term effects on gut microbial communities remain unknown. Over the past two decades, wild meerkats inhabiting the Kalahari have experienced rapid climate change paired with increasing tuberculosis (TB) disease prevalence. Here we show that over this period the meerkat faecal microbiota has become inflated in Bacteroides and Fusobacterium, and depleted in members of Bacilli. Changes were underpinned by both rainfall patterns and TB status, with increasing taxa primarily linked to TB infection, and decreasing taxa primarily associated with drought. A decline in co-occurring clusters of Bacilli was associated with decreased survival, suggesting that shifts may not be adaptive but rather reflect a breakdown in microbial homeostasis. Our findings demonstrate that the impact of climate change and infectious diseases extends beyond hosts to gut microbial communities, potentially accelerating threats to wildlife health and survival.
Prediction of road traffic fatalities in the six most populous provinces of Iran, 2015-2016
Authors: Jahanjoo Fatemeh , Sadeghi-Bazargani Homayoun , Asghari-Jafarabadi Mohammad 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background Prevention of Road traffic deaths as a critical public health issue requires coordinated efforts. We aimed to determine influential factors related to traffic safety in Iran as a low-income country (LIC). Methods In this study with a cross-sectional design, the information of 384,614 road traffic crashes recorded in Integrated Road Traffic Injury Registry System (IRTIRS) in a one-year period (March 2015 - March 2016) was analyzed. All registered crashes in Tehran, Isfan, Fras, Razavi Khorasan, Khuzestan and East Azerbaijan provinces, the six most populated provinces in Iran was included in this study. The data was in five main section namely crash scene, vehicle-, driver-, passenger- and pedestrian- related information. Multiple logistic regression applied through STATA software was used for data analysis. Results Over all the final model could identified thirty-two out of seventy-one different variables to be effective in road collisions. The following factors were found to increase the rate of fatal crashes at least by two time: be the most five significant in predicting fatal outcome in road traffic crashes: presence of passenger, unlicensed driving, illegal driving maneuver, head-on collision, crashes in suburban areas, occurrence of multiple causes for collision, vehicles with not personal-regional plaques, presence of pedestrians, drivers with low-income jobs, driver misconduct, roads with double solid lines, non-residential areas, multiple road defects. Conclusion This study reveals that driving behavior, infrastructure design and geometric road factors must be considered to avoid fatal crashes. Our results provide support for compulsory interventions in these areas.
Gut Microbiome Dynamics and Associations with Mortality in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Salameh Tarik J. , Roth Katharine , Schultz Lisa , Ma Zhexi , Bonavia Anthony S. , Broach James R. , Hu Bin , Howrylak Judie A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
BackgroundCritical illness and care within the intensive care unit (ICU) leads to profound changes in the composition of the gut microbiome. The impact of such changes on the patients and their subsequent disease course remains uncertain. We hypothesized that specific changes in the gut microbiome would be more harmful than others, leading to increased mortality in critically ill patients. MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study of critically ill adults in the ICU. We obtained rectal swabs from 52 patients and assessed the composition the gut microbiome using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We followed patients throughout their ICU course and evaluated their mortality rate at 28 days following admission to the ICU. We used selbal, a machine learning method, to identify the balance of microbial taxa most closely associated with 28-day mortality. ResultsWe found that a proportional ratio of four taxa could be used to distinguish patients with a higher risk of mortality from patients with a lower risk of mortality (p = 0.02). We named this binarized ratio our microbiome mortality index (MMI). Patients with a high MMI had a higher 28-day mortality compared to those with a low MMI (hazard ratio, 2.2, 95% confidence interval 1.1-4.3), and remained significant after adjustment for other ICU mortality predictors, including the presence of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score (hazard ratio, 2.5, 95% confidence interval 1.4-4.7). High mortality was driven by taxa from the Anaerococcus (genus) and Enterobacteriaceae (family), while lower mortality was driven by Parasutterella and Campylobacter (genera). ConclusionsDysbiosis in the gut of critically ill patients is an independent risk factor for increased mortality at 28 days after adjustment for clinically significant confounders. Gut dysbiosis may represent a potential therapeutic target for future ICU interventions.
Thioredoxin-interacting protein deficiency protects against severe acute pancreatitis by suppressing apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1
Authors: Zhu Changju , Liu Yanna , Li Mengke , Mei Chaopeng , Cui Huning , Wang Qiaofang , li jian , Song Yaodong , Cui Mengwei , He Qianqian , Chen Sanyang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Acute pancreatitis is a common acute inflammatory abdominal disease. When acute pancreatitis progresses to severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), it can lead to systemic inflammation and even multiple organ failure. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is an important protein involved in redox reactions of the inflammatory response. However, the specific role of TXNIP in SAP remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) in acute pancreatitis when induced by high doses of arginine. We found that pancreatic damage and the inflammatory response associated with acute pancreatitis were largely restrained in TXNIP knock-out mice but were enhanced in mice overexpressing TXNIP. Interestingly, the phosphorylation of p38, JNK, and ASK1 diminished in TXNIP-KO mice with pancreatitis in comparison with wild-type mice. The role of oxidative stress in SAP was explored in two models: TXNIP and AVV-TXNIP. TXNIP knockdown or the inhibition of ASK1 by gs-4997 abrogated the increase in p-p38, p-JNK, and p-ASK1 in AR42J cells incubated with L-Arg. The administration of gs-4997 to mice with pancreatitis largely reduced the upregulation of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and MCP-1. Systemic inflammatory reactions and injury in the lungs and kidneys were assessed in TXNIP-KO and AVV-TXNIP mice with expected outcomes. In conclusion, TXNIP is a novel mediator of SAP and exerts action by regulating inflammatory responses and oxidative stress via the ASK1-dependent activation of the JNK/p38 pathways. Thus, targeting TXNIP may represent a promising approach to protect against SAP.
How talin allosterically activates vinculin
Authors: Franz Florian , Tapia-Rojo Rafael , Katz Sabina , Boujemaa-Paterski Rajaa , Li Wenhong , Unger Tamar , Albeck Shira , Aponte-Santamaría Camilo , Garcia-Manyes Sergi , Medalia Ohad , Geiger Benjamin , Gräter Frauke 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The talin-vinculin axis is a key mechanosensing component of cellular focal adhesions. How talin and vinculin respond to forces and regulate one another remains unclear. By combining single molecule magnetic tweezer experiments, Molecular Dynamics simulations, actin bundling assays, and adhesion assembly experiments in live cells, we here discover a two-ways allosteric network within vinculin as a regulator of the talin-vinculin interaction. We directly observe a maturation process of vinculin upon talin binding which reinforces the binding to talin at a rate of 0.03 s-1. This allosteric transition can compete with force-induced dissociation of vinculin from talin only at 7-10 pN. Mimicking the allosteric activation by mutation yields a vinculin molecule that bundles actin and localizes to focal adhesions in a force-independent manner. Hence, the allosteric switch confines talin-vinculin interactions and focal adhesion build-up to intermediate force levels. The ‘allosteric vinculin mutant’ is a valuable molecular tool to further dissect the mechanical and biochemical signalling circuits at focal adhesions and elsewhere.
Risk analysis of grade ≥ 2 radiation pneumonitis based on radiotherapy timeline in stage III/IV non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Yang Songhua , Huang Shixiong , Ye Xu , Xiong Kun , Zeng Biao , Shi Yingrui 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Radiotherapy is an important treatment for patients with stage III/IV NSCLC, and due to its high incidence of radiation pneumonitis , it is essential to identify high-risk people as early as possible. The present work investigates the value of the application of different phase data throughout the radiotherapy process in analyzing risk of grade ≥2 radiation pneumonitis in stage III/IV NSCLC. Furthermore, the phase data fusion was gradually performed with the radiotherapy timeline to develop a risk assessment model.Methods: This study retrospectively collected data from 91 stage III/IV NSCLC cases. Patient data were collected according to the radiotherapy timeline for four phases: clinical characteristics, radiomics features, radiation dosimetry parameters, and hematological indexes during treatment. Risk assessment models for single-phase and stepwise fusion phases were established according to logistic regression. In addition, a nomogram of the final fusion phase model and risk classification system was generated. ROC, decision curve, and calibration curve analysis were conducted to internally validate the nomogram to analyze its discrimination. Results: Smoking status, PTV and lung radiomics feature, lung and esophageal dosimetry parameters, and platelets at the third week of radiotherapy were independent risk factors for the four single-phase models. The ROC result analysis of the risk assessment models created by stepwise phase fusion were: (AUC: 0.67,95ci: 0.52–0.81), (AUC: 0.82,95ci: 0.70–0.94), (AUC: 0.90,95ci: 0.80–1.00), and (AUC:0.90,95ci: 0.80–1.00), respectively. The nomogram based on the final fusion phase model was validated using calibration curve analysis and decision curve analysis, demonstrating good consistency and clinical utility. The nomogram-based risk classification system could correctly classify cases into three diverse risk groups: low-(3.6%; score, 0–135), intermediate-(30.7%, 135–160) and high-risk group (80.0%, > 160). Conclusions: In our study, the risk assessment model makes it easy for physicians to assess the risk of grade ≥ 2 radiation pneumonia at various phases in the radiotherapy process, and the risk classification system and nomogram identify the patient’s risk level after completion of radiation therapy.
Improved Nishihara model considering the effect of moisture content on the whole shear creep process of shale
Authors: Hu Bin , Ma Liyao , Wei Erjian , Cui Kai , Zhang Zhen , wang Zeqi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The moisture content is closely related to the shear creep deformation behavior of soft rock, and the linear creep deformation behavior of soft rock can be described by the classical Nishihara model. However, the classical Nishihara model cannot describe the deformation characteristics of the whole process of shear creep including nonlinear deformation of rocks under the influence of moisture content. In this study, we presented an improved Nishihara model that connected a strain-triggered nonlinear dashpot in series on the classical Nishihara model to describe the whole process of rock creep, and a damage factor was proposed to reflect the effect of moisture content on the rock creep characteristics. The damage factors and related model parameters were determined from results of the shear creep tests, which were performed under four moisture conditions (0%, 0.46%, 0.87%, and 1.24%). The comparisons between model predictions and experimental results show that the improved creep constitutive model proposed here can not only describe the whole creep process well, but also reveal the influences of the moisture content on the creep behavior of rock, which demonstrate its accuracy and usefulness.
Relationship between plasma homocysteine and chronic kidney disease in US patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus:a cross-sectional study
Authors: shen zilong , zhang zhengmei , zhao wenjing 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aims
This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between plasma homocysteine (Hcy) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in US patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods
We used data from the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys (NHANES). CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and/or urinary albumin-creatine ratio ≥ 3 mg/mmol.
Results
This study included 1018 patients with T2DM. The mean Hcy value was 10.2 ± 4.6 µmol/L. Among the patients, 417 (40.96%) had Hyperhomocysteine (HHcy) and 480 (47.15%) had CKD. The Hcy level was higher in patients with CKD than in those without CKD. Compared with patients with normal Hcy, those with HHcy were older and had worse renal function. After full multivariate adjustment, HHcy was positively associated with the risk of CKD in US patients with T2DM (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.11–1.22; P < 0.001). The odds ratio for CKD was 1.15 (95% CI, 1.08 ~ 1.23; P < 0.001) in women and 1.18 (95% CI, 1.1 ~ 1.27; P < 0.001) in men.
Conclusions
HHcy was independently associated with CKD in patients with T2DM. Further prospective studies are warranted to investigate the effect of Hcy on CKD in patients with T2DM.
Modeling of a Homogeneous Isotropic Half Space in Context of Multiphase Lag Coupled Thermoelasticity
Authors: Lahiri Abhijit , Sardar Sumit Sovan , Ghosh Debkumar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The current work is concerned about a two dimensional multi phase lag modelof generalised thermoelasticity in an isotropic half space medium. A vector-matrixdifferential equation is obtained from the governing equations using normal modeanalysis. The eigenvalue approach is applied to get the solutions. Numerical computationsfor different components of displacement, stress, strain and temperatureare calculated and represented graphically to show the accuracy in context ofmechanical and thermal loads that applied on the boundary.
Functional interaction between Vangl2 and N-cadherin regulates the planar cell polarization of neural tissues
Authors: Nagaoka Tadahiro , Katsuno Tatsuya , Fujimura Kyoka , Tsuchida Kunihiro , Kishi Masashi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Although the core constituents of the Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling have been extensively studied, their downstream molecules and protein–protein interactions have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we show genetic and molecular evidence that the PCP factor, Vangl2, functionally interacts with the cell–cell adhesion molecule, N-cadherin (also known as Cdh2), for typical PCP-dependent neural development. Vangl2 and N-cadherin physically interact in the neural plates undergoing convergent extension. Unlike monogenic heterozygotes, digenic heterozygous mice with Vangl2 and Cdh2 mutants exhibited defects in neural tube closure and cochlear hair cell orientation. Neuroepithelial cells derived from digenic heterozygotes did not show any significant changes in the RhoA–Mypt1 or c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)–Jun pathways of Wnt/PCP signaling. Thus, cooperation between Vangl2 and N-cadherin is at least partly via direct molecular interaction; it is independent of both RhoA and JNK pathways and essential for the polarized development of neural tissues.
Floods and demographics in Thailand, 2005-2019
Authors: Tsuda Hinako , Tebakari Taichi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In Thailand, where floods have occurred frequently, it is possible that economic development and population growth in recent years change the way people interact with flood and the way people move when floods occur. In this study, we analyzed the recent (2005–2019) relationship between flooding and population distribution across Thailand to contribute to the planning of adaptation measures to minimize the flood damage caused by climate change. First, the population distribution point data produced by Oak Ridge National Laboratory were used to analyze trends in population movement and distribution from 2009 to 2019, by examining whether the population size at each point throughout Thailand was greater than, less than, or the same as the estimated value. The results suggest that the 2011 and 2017 floods respectively caused the temporary migration of people to areas that were not inundated or to the Bangkok metropolitan area. They also suggest that people’s response to floods changed after the 2011 floods which is said the worst flood in the Thai history. Next, the relationship between the number of points indicating a smaller-than-estimated population and the flood information in the previous year were examined. The flood information includes the inundated area, the number of deaths caused by flooding, and precipitation information. The size of the inundation area had a significant impact on the population decline, especially with correlation coefficients of r = 0.426 for the north and r = 0.501 for the northeast. Similarly, the number of deaths by flooding in the previous year led to a population decline in the following year. However, precipitation in the previous year did not account for the population decline in the following year. Therefore, it is inferred that demographics after floods have regional characteristics and Thai people in recent years are shifting from a lifestyle that included living in harmony with floods to an avoidance of inundation, mostly in local urban areas and Bangkok metropolitan area.
Novel Computer Vision approach for identifying diseased Tomato leaves by Classifying Leaf Images for Pest Identification using ResNet152V2 Architecture
Authors: M Karpagam , A Maheshwari 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Tomato is an economically important crop plant in India. However, pests, diseases and post-harvest loss makes its cultivation very costly. To overcome one such issue, early detection of pests and diseases is the need of the hour which aids small-scale farmers, who make up a significant portion of the labor force in developing countries, in reducing economic losses. This study intends to assist farmers in making pest management decisions, reducing the usage of unnecessary pesticides and resulting in higher-quality goods. The fact that these illnesses and pests are primarily confined makes it difficult to classify distinct insect species on a large scale due to their high degree of similarity in traits. The accuracy of four architectures: CNN (Convolutional Neural Networks), SVM (Support Vector Machine) and CNN Architectures like ResNet152V2 and EfficientNetV2 is compared in this article. The models were trained using a library of tomato photos. After testing and training architectures, the model that performed best overall can be used in future development, such as developing an app that allows farmers to quickly detect disease. The suggested IoT can be initially applied in greenhouses which are much more confined in terms of space and hence can be effectively integrated.
Levels of contamination by pesticide residues, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in honeys retailed in Europe
Authors: Surma Magdalena , Sadowska-Rociek Anna , Draszanowska Anna 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Honey is consumed worldwide because of its nutritional, therapeutic and medicinal purposes. Generally, honey is perceived to reach the consumer in a pure form; however, certain contaminants can eventually be found in honey. Thus, this study was designed to check the presence of pesticide residues, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) levels and the content of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in selected European honeys (26 samples) obtained from retail. The most frequently detected organochlorine pesticide (OCPs) was 4,4’-DDD, found in fourteen honey samples. Slovakia rape honey was the most polluted one due to the presence of eight OCPs. The presence of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) was detected in all analysed samples and at least one OP in each sample tested exceeded the acceptable limit. PAHs were detected in most of the analysed samples. Among PAH4, benzo[a]pyrene was found in the forest honey from Slovakia and in the Polish lime origin, whereas wild flower from England contained the highest level of PAH4. The investigated honeys from Spain and France met the requirements for the content of HMF, while the ones of Slovak, Italian and Polish origin in most cases exceeded established levels (40 mg/kg).
A non-steroidal drug “diclofenac” is a substrate for Electrochemical degradation process
Authors: Mussa Zainab Haider , Al-Qaim Fouad Fadhil 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In electrochemical degradation process, the elimination of organic pollutants could be enhanced using supporting electrolyte and increasing applied voltage. After degradation of organic compound some by-products are formed. Chlorinated products are the main products generated in the presence of sodium chloride. In the present study, diclofenac (DCF) has been electrochemically treated using graphite as anode and sodium chloride (NaCl) as a supporting electrolyte. Monitoring the removal and elucidation the by-products were provided using HPLC and LC-TOF/MS, respectively. High removal% of 94% DCF was observed under conditions: 0.5 g NaCl, 5 volt and 80 min of electrolysis while chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal% was 88% under same conditions but 360 min of electrolysis. Pseudo-first order rate constant values were quite varied based on the selected experimental conditions; the ranges of rate constants were 0.0062–0.054 mni− 1, 0.0024–0.0326 min− 1 under influence of applied voltage and sodium chloride, respectively. The maximum values of consumption energy were 0.93 and 0.55 Wh/mg using 0.1 g NaCl and 7 volt, respectively. Some chlorinated transformed products were selected and elucidated which were C13H18Cl2NO5, C11H10Cl3NO4 and C13H13Cl5NO5 using LC-TOF/MS.