bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase 1 and phase 2 clinical trial to evaluate efficacy and safety of a SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine SCoK in adults
Authors: Luo Deyan , Pan Hongxing , He Peng , Yang Xiaolan , Li Tao , Ning Nianzhi , Fang Xin , Yu Wenjing , Wei Mingwei , Gao Hui , Wang Xin , Gu Hongjing , Mei Maodong , Li Xinwang , Zhang Liangyan , Li Deyu , Gao Chunrun , Gao Jinbang , Fei Guoqiang , Li Ying , Yang Yuguo , Xu Yi , Wei Wenjin , Sun Yansong , Zhu Fengcai , Hu Zhongyu , Wang Hui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo determine an appropriate dose of, and immunization schedule for, a vaccine SCoK against COVID‐19 for an efficacy study; herein, we conducted randomized controlled trials to assess the immunogenicity and safety of this vaccine in adults.MethodsThese randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase 1 and 2 trials of vaccine SCoK were conducted in Binhai District, Yan City, Jiangsu Province, China. Younger and older adult participants in phase 1 and 2 trials were sequentially recruited into different groups to be intramuscularly administered 20 or 40 μg vaccine SCoK or placebo. Participants were enrolled into our phase 1 and 2 studies to receive vaccine or placebo.ResultsNo serious vaccine‐related adverse events were observed in either trial. In both trials, local and systemic adverse reactions were absent or mild in most participants. In our phase 1 and 2 studies, the vaccine induced significantly increased neutralizing antibody responses to pseudovirus and live SARS‐CoV‐2. The vaccine induced significant neutralizing antibody responses to live SARS‐CoV‐2 on day 14 after the last immunization, with NT50s of 80.45 and 92.46 in participants receiving 20 and 40 μg doses, respectively; the seroconversion rates were 95.83% and 100%. The vaccine SCoK showed a similar safety and immunogenicity profiles in both younger participants and older participants. The vaccine showed better immunogenicity in phase 2 than in phase 1 clinical trial. Additionally, the incidence of adverse reactions decreased significantly in phase 2 clinical trial. The vaccine SCoK was well tolerated and immunogenic.
The combination of DNA methylome and transcriptome revealed the intergenerational inheritance on the influence of advanced maternal age
Authors: Hua Lingyue , Chen Wei , Meng Yan , Qin Meng , Yan Zhiqiang , Yang Rui , Liu Qiang , Wei Yuan , Zhao Yangyu , Yan Liying , Qiao Jie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe number of women delivering at advanced maternal age (AMA; > = 35) continuously increases in developed and high‐income countries. Large cohort studies have associated AMA with increased risks of various pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes, which raises great concerns about the adverse effect of AMA on the long‐term health of offspring. Specific acquired characteristics of parents can be passed on to descendants through certain molecular mechanisms, yet the underlying connection between AMA‐related alterations in parents and that in offspring remains largely uncharted.MethodsWe profiled the DNA methylomes of paired parental peripheral bloods and cord bloods from 20 nuclear families, including 10 AMA and 10 Young, and additional transcriptomes of 10 paired maternal peripheral bloods and cord bloods.ResultsWe revealed that AMA induced aging‐like changes in DNA methylome and gene expression in both parents and offspring. The expression changes in several genes, such as SLC28A3, were highly relevant to the disorder in DNA methylation. In addition, AMA‐related differentially methylated regions (DMRs) identified in mother and offspring groups showed remarkable similarities in both genomic locations and biological functions, mainly involving neuron differentiation, metabolism, and histone modification pathways. AMA‐related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) shared by mother and offspring groups were highly enriched in the processes of immune cell activation and mitotic nuclear division. We further uncovered developmental‐dependent dynamics for the DNA methylation of intergenerationally correlated DMRs during pre‐implantation embryonic development, as well as diverse gene expression patterns during gametogenesis and early embryonic development for those common AMA‐related DEGs presenting intergenerational correlation, such as CD24. Moreover, some intergenerational DEGs, typified by HTRA3, also showed the same significant alterations in AMA MII oocyte or blastocyst.ConclusionsOur results reveal potential intergenerational inheritance of both AMA‐related DNA methylome and transcriptome and provide new insights to understand health problems in AMA offspring.
Restoration of native saltmarshes can reverse arthropod assemblages and trophic interactions changed by a plant invasion
Authors: Jiang Jia‐Jia , Zhao Yu‐Jie , Guo Yaolin , Gao Lei , Richards Christina L. , Siemann Evan , Wu Jihua , Li Bo , Ju Rui‐Ting 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPlant invasions profoundly impact both natural and managed ecosystems, and removal of the invasive plants addresses only part of the problem of restoring impacted areas. The rehabilitation of diverse communities and their ecosystem functions following removal of invasive plants is an important goal of ecological restoration. Arthropod assemblages and trophic interactions are important indicators of the success of restoration, but they have largely been overlooked in saltmarshes. We determined how arthropod assemblages and trophic interactions changed with the invasion of the exotic plant Spartina alterniflora and with the restoration of the native plant Phragmites australis following Spartina removal in a Chinese saltmarsh. We investigated multiple biotic and abiotic variables to gain insight into the factors underlying the changes in arthropod assemblages and trophic structure. We found that although Spartina invasion had changed arthropod diversity, community structure, feeding‐guild composition, and the diets of arthropod natural enemies in the saltmarsh, these changes could be reversed by the restoration of native Phragmites vegetation following removal of the invader. The variation in arthropod assemblages and trophic structure were critically associated with four biotic and abiotic variables (aboveground biomass, plant density, leaf N, and soil salinity). Our findings demonstrate the positive effects of controlling invasive plants on biodiversity and nutrient cycling and provide a foundation for assessing the efficacy of ecological restoration projects in saltmarshes.
Synthesis and Characterization of Homoleptic Rare Earth Nitrato Complexes with the Quaternary Ammonium Cations Et4N+ and nPr4N+
Authors: Tarlton Michael L. , Wilson Richard E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTwo periodic series of homoleptic rare earth nitrato complexes, [R4N]x[M(NO3)y] (M=La−Nd, Sm−Lu, Y); R=Et,
Pr; x=2‐3; y=5‐6) have been synthesized, and characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction, IR and Raman spectroscopy, comparing the solid state speciation of the nitrate ions as a function of lanthanide ion and quaternary ammonium cation. The series of the form [Et4N]3[Ln(NO3)6] crystallizes in the rhombohedral space group R
, as a twelve‐coordinate hexanitrato complex [Et4N]3[Ln(NO3)6] with cocrystallized HNO3 for La, Pr, and Nd. For Ce, a distinct orthorhombic phase retaining the same formula, [Et4N]3[Ce(NO3)6] is isolated in the absence of HNO3 to prevent oxidation of the Ce(III) to Ce(IV) in nitric acid. A ten‐coordinate pentanitrato complex, [Et4N]2[Ln(NO3)5], in monoclinic symmetry forms for the remainder of the series, and for Y(III). The entire series crystallized in the presence of [nPr4N]+ counterions forms a pentanitrato complex [nPr4N]2[M(NO3)5] in the orthorhombic space group, Pccn. Analysis of trends in the structural and spectroscopic characteristics of these series reveal insight into the structure‐directing influences of both the lanthanide contraction and the quaternary ammonium cations.
Base‐Promoted [3+3]‐Cycloaddition of γ‐Hydroxy‐α,β‐unsaturated Carbonyls with N,N′‐Cyclic Azomethine Imines for Synthesizing Bicyclic Oxadiazines
Authors: Kang Sung Hyun , Park Byung Jun , Kim Sung‐Gon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA novel approach of [3+3]‐cycloaddition of N,N′‐cyclic azomethine imines with γ‐hydroxy‐α,β‐unsaturated carbonyls was developed. Bicyclic oxadiazines were readily obtained in moderate to good yields from the reactions of various γ‐hydroxy‐α,β‐unsaturated ketones, including aromatic and aliphatic ketones, with N,N′‐cyclic azomethine imines under mild conditions, demonstrating the broad substrate scope.
Light‐Induced Dealkylation of Benzamides in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Cybularczyk‐Cecotka Martyna , Kamińska Agnieszka , Jopek Zuzanna , Giedyk Maciej 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe N‐dealkylation reactions of benzamides occur naturally in living organisms but chemical methods remain poorly developed. So far, light‐induced variants of these processes have been restricted to amides containing secondary N‐alkyl groups or required pre‐functionalization of the starting material. Here, we present a direct, controllable N‐dealkylation of tertiary and secondary benzamides possessing primary alkyl substituents at N‐atom. The developed strategy operates in aqueous environment under mild conditions involving either blue LEDs or sunlight irradiation. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate two‐step oxidation and the intermediacy of radicals at α‐position to N‐atom. Selectivity in N‐dealkylation of homo‐ and heterosubstituted tertiary benzamides is also investigated.
Competition between Two Modes of 6π‐Photocyclization: A Case Study for 3‐(1,2‐Diarylvinyl)‐2‐arylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines
Authors: Ustyuzhanin Alexander O. , Bidusenko Ivan A. , Kouame Eric Koffi , Ushakov Igor A. , Gudovannyy Alexey O. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Schmidt Elena Yu. , Lvov Andrey G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe photochemical 6π‐electrocyclization of diarylethenes (DAE), 2‐vinylbiaryls (VBA) and their derivatives is widely used in organic synthesis. Combination of these motifs in one molecule opens the issue of selectivity of the photochemical reaction. We have found that upon UV irradiation, 3‐(1,2‐diarylvinyl)‐2‐arylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines comprising both DAE and VBA moieties form products of VBA cyclization followed by oxidation. The selectivity of the process was rationalized by DFT calculations. The presented reaction gave access to highly fluorescent 5,6‐diarylnaphtho[1′,2′:4,5]imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine derivatives.
Synthesis and Mesophase Properties of Triphenylene Dimers Linked through Linear and Bent Alkyne‐Aryl‐Alkyne Bridges
Authors: Alsahli Ahad O. , Cammidge Andrew N. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNematic mesophase formation in disc‐like systems remains relatively rare compared to higher‐order columnar organisation, but it is observed in some rigid dimeric systems. Mesophase formation in rigid discotic dimers has been sequentially probed and is shown to be predictably controlled through structural choice of the bridge. Moderately bent bridges shorten the discogen separation and reduce conformational freedom. Severely bent dimers (1,2‐phenylene bridge) show no mesophases but, as the angle is widened, columnar and nematic organisation becomes possible and progressively more favoured. The linear arrangement gives the most stable columnar mesophase and a narrow‐range nematic mesophase.
Two for the price of one: If moving beyond traditional single‐best discrete choice experiments, should we use best‐worst, best‐best or ranking for preference elicitation?
Authors: Huls Samare P. I. , Lancsar Emily , Donkers Bas , Ride Jemimah 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study undertook a head‐to‐head comparison of best‐worst, best‐best and ranking discrete choice experiments (DCEs) to help decide which method to use if moving beyond traditional single‐best DCEs. Respondents were randomized to one of three preference elicitation methods. Rank‐ordered (exploded) mixed logit models and respondent‐reported data were used to compare methods and first and second choices. First choices differed from second choices and preferences differed between elicitation methods, even beyond scale and scale dynamics. First choices of best‐worst had good choice consistency, scale dynamics and statistical efficiency, but this method's second choices performed worst. Ranking performed best on respondent‐reported difficulty and preference; best‐best's second choices on statistical efficiency. All three preference elicitation methods improve efficiency of data collection relative to using first choices only. However, differences in preferences between first and second choices challenge moving beyond single‐best DCE. If nevertheless doing so, best‐best and ranking are preferred over best‐worst DCE.
The T‐shaped FST pharyngoplasty step‐by‐step closure technique
Authors: Petruzzi Gerardo , Di Giorgio Danilo , Leone Federico , Pichi Barbara , Campo Flaminia , De Virgilio Armando , Valentini Valentino , Pellini Raul 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPharyngocutaneous fistula is one of the most common and serious complications associated with total laryngectomy. Numerous studies tried to evaluate causative and predisposing factors associated with this complication, but data are considerably variable and there is still no international consensus. Incidence rate varies considerably between studies, with reported rates from 3% to 65%. This 4K video presents our T‐shaped four‐step technique (FST) for closing the pharyngeal mucosa after total laryngectomy in a step‐by‐step manner. All sutures were performed by braided absorbable 3/0 26 mm 1/2c (Vicryl plus 3.0; Ethicon, Somerville, NJ, USA). Recordings were performed using a Karl Storz 4K 3D VITOM® exoscope (Karl Storz SE & Co. KG, Tuttlingen, Germany). We have been described this technique through a high‐definition video, showing each step, and tips from the authors. Our T‐shaped pharyngoplasty closure technique can be divided into four steps: 1. “Key Stitches”; 2. “Area Refinement Stitches”; 3. “Modified Connell Suture”; 4. “Modified Purse String Suture.” Our T‐shaped FST closure technique proved to be an effective and reproducible method, which we feel could be the preferred choice for primary pharyngoplasty closure.
Assessment of commercial polymers with and without reactive groups using amino acid derivative reactivity assay based on both molar concentration approach and gravimetric approach
Authors: Fujita Masaharu , Nakashima Natsumi , Wanibuchi Sayaka , Yamamoto Yusuke , Kojima Hajime , Ono Atsushi , Kasahara Toshihiko 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe amino acid derivative reactivity assay (ADRA), an alternative method for testing skin sensitization, has been established based on the molar concentration approach. However, the additional development of gravimetric concentration and fluorescence detection methods has expanded its range of application to mixtures, which cannot be evaluated using the conventional testing method, the direct peptide reactivity assay (DPRA). Although polymers are generally treated as mixtures, there have been no reports of actual polymer evaluations using alternative methods owing to their insolubility. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated skin sensitization potential of polymers, which is difficult to predict, using ADRA. As polymers have molecular weights ranging from several thousand to more than several tens of thousand Daltons, they are unlikely to cause skin sensitization due to their extremely low penetration into the skin, according to the 500‐Da rule. However, if highly reactive functional groups remain at the ends or side chains of polymers, relatively low‐molecular‐weight polymer components may penetrate the skin to cause sensitization. Polymers can be roughly classified into three major types based on the features of their constituent monomers; we investigated the sensitization capacity of each type of polymer. Polymers with alert sensitization structures at their ends were classified as skin sensitizers, whereas those with no residual reactive groups were classified as nonsensitizers. Although polymers with a glycidyl group need to be evaluated carefully, we concluded that ADRA (0.5 mg/ml) is generally sufficient for polymer hazard assessment.
MAP3K11 facilitates autophagy activity and is correlated with malignancy of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Pei‐Feng , Chen Chun‐Feng , Ger Luo‐Ping , Tsai Wei‐Lun , Tseng Ho‐Hsing , Lee Cheng‐Hsin , Yang Wen‐Hsin , Shu Chih‐Wen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAutophagy‐related 4B (ATG4B) is a protease required for core machinery of autophagy. Phosphorylation of ATG4B promotes autophagy and is correlated with poor outcome of cancer. However, little is known about the upstream kinases for ATG4B phosphorylation and their association with clinical outcomes of cancer patients. Through siRNA library screening, MAP3K11 was identified as a potential kinase that phosphorylates ATG4B and increases its proteolytic activity. Ablation of MAP3K11 attenuated pS383/392‐ATG4B protein levels and autophagic flux in oral cancer cells. Moreover, loss of MAP3K11 inhibited oral cancer cell growth, migration/invasion, and synergized starvation‐reduced cell viability. MAP3K11 knock‐out cancer cells also showed growth inhibition in vivo. Furthermore, the protein level of MAP3K11 was higher in tumor tissues than that in adjacent normal tissues in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), comprising 179 buccal mucosa squamous cell carcinoma (BMSCC) and 249 tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). MAP3K11 protein levels were positively correlated with ATG4B and pS383/392‐ATG4B levels in patients with OSCC, particularly in TSCC. In addition, high coexpression of MAP3K11 and ATG4B was associated with poor disease‐specific survival in BMSCC and TSCC, while high coexpression of MAP3K11 and pS383/392‐ATG4B was associated with unfavorable disease‐free survival in BMSCC and TSCC. Taken together, our results indicated that MAP3K11 stimulated activity of ATG4B and autophagy, which may confer to malignancy of cancer cells. The expression of MAP3K11 and ATG4B was further associated with poor survival of OSCC, suggesting MAP3K11 could serve as a theranostic target of patients with OSCC.
Soil bacterial community structure as affected by stand age in Chinese fir plantations: Insights at the aggregate scale
Authors: Liao Zongxin , Ye Shaoming , Wang Shengqiang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExploring the variations of soil bacterial communities can contribute to the sustainability of Chinese fir plantations (CFPs). As the living environments of soil bacteria, soil aggregates significantly affect the diversity and composition regarding soil bacterial communities in CFPs. However, the distribution characteristics exhibited by soil bacteria at the aggregate scale are still not clear. In the present research, the diversity and composition regarding soil bacterial communities (using high‐flux sequencing) in CFPs with diverse stand ages (3, 9, 17, and 26 years) were analyzed from the perspective of soil aggregates (>2, 1–2, 0.25–1, <0.25 mm) in Guangxi, China. According to the results, regardless of the aggregate size and the stand age, bacterial communities in soil were mainly composed of Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Acidobacteria. During Chinese fir growth, the relative abundance (RA) of soil Proteobacteria first elevated and afterwards reduced, with the greatest level in the 17 years, while that of soil Chloroflexi exhibited an inverse trend. In addition, the RA of soil Acidobacteria increased over time. At the aggregate scale, the 17‐year‐old CFPs presented the greatest soil bacterial community diversity (based on the Chao 1 and Shannon indices). After 17 years, the destruction of coarse macroaggregates (>2 mm) could induce the reduction of soil bacterial community diversity, as coarse macroaggregates, taking up the majority of bulk soil, offered suitable environments for soil bacteria to survive and thrive. Moreover, soil organic C and total N concentrations and soil pH also significantly affected the diversity and composition regarding soil bacterial communities over time. Hence, the conservation of coarse macroaggregates after 17 years of Chinese fir growth is important to sustain the soil health as well as the bacterial community diversity in Guangxi, China.
Urban green spaces management during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Experiences from Kraków, Poland
Authors: Gorzelany Julia , Noszczyk Tomasz , Kukulska‐Kozieł Anita , Hernik Józef 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID‐19) has spread all over the world, significantly affecting our everyday lives. People changed their habits during the pandemic and made use of urban green spaces (UGS). Our Web of Science and Scopus queries confirm a knowledge gap in green space planning and public space management studies in the field of UGS availability during COVID‐19. Therefore, the purpose of our research was to determine the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on urban green spaces management, identify the needs of the residents in terms of urban green spaces furniture, and assess the accessibility of urban green spaces to propose recommendations for the institution charged with managing urban green spaces in the City (Krakow). To this end, we used an expert interview, spatial analyses, and survey research among residents of Kraków, one of the largest cities in Poland. The survey involved 1350 respondents. The spatial analyses employed geoprocessing algorithms and GIS tools. The results showed that 96% of Kraków citizens have access to urban green spaces within 300 m from their homes. Therefore, UGS are an important part of the City's identity, making their reasonable management vital, especially during crises. The respondents indicated that the existing UGS needed more lighting, rubbish bins, and benches as places of respite. Results of the expert interview showed that the COVID‐19 pandemic has affected urban green spaces management. The results may influence urban green spaces management, and the research is an innovative combination of spatial analysis, a qualitative approach (expert interview), and a quantitative method (a survey) proposing new procedures for analysing UGS.
Tailoring Polymer‐Based Nanoassemblies for Stimuli‐Responsive Theranostic Applications
Authors: Muthwill Moritz S. , Kong Phally , Dinu Ionel Adrian , Necula Danut , John Christoph , Palivan Cornelia G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPolymer assemblies on the nanoscale represent a powerful toolbox for the design of theranostic systems when combined with both therapeutic compounds and diagnostic reporting ones. Here, recent advances in the design of theranostic systems for various diseases, containing—in their architecture—either polymers or polymer assemblies as one of the building blocks are presented. This review encompasses the general principles of polymer self‐assembly, from the production of adequate copolymers up to supramolecular assemblies with theranostic functionality. Such polymer nanoassemblies can be further tailored through the incorporation of inorganic nanoparticles to endow them with multifunctional therapeutic and/or diagnostic features. Systems that change their architecture or properties in the presence of stimuli are selected, as responsivity to changes in the environment is a key factor for enhancing efficiency. Such theranostic systems are based on the intrinsic properties of copolymers or one of the other components. In addition, systems with a more complex architecture, such as multicompartments, are presented. Selected systems indicate the advantages of such theranostic approaches and provide a basis for further developments in the field.