bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of Nepal's earthquake on the health status of rural children
Authors: Pun Khusiman , Villa Kira , Fontenla Matías 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe study the impact of Nepal's 2015 earthquake on the health status of children aged 0–5 years. Using a difference‐in‐differences approach we find that the earthquake decreased height‐for‐age z‐scores (HAZ) and that this effect is largely driven by females, who experienced an average decline of −0.763 standard deviations in their HAZ. Further, we find that females in the 0–3 years age group and in the least wealthy households are the most vulnerable. This is particularly unfortunate, as the first 3 years of life can impact long‐term health and well‐being, and female undernutrition contributes to the intergenerational transmission of poverty and ill health.
Exploring social exclusion: Where we are and where We're going
Authors: Wesselmann Eric D. , Bradley Eboni , Taggart Rachel S. , Williams Kipling D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHumans naturally have an orientation toward forging social connections, and they suffer both physically and psychologically when denied those connections. Individuals can be denied a sense of social connection in various ways, sometimes via direct negative attention (e.g., rejection) or other times by complete inattention (e.g., ostracism). These diverse experiences can be considered types of social exclusion, broadly defined as being kept apart from others physically or emotionally. In this article, we provide a brief overview of the empirical literature on social exclusion. Then we highlight new areas of research that provide future opportunities to help the literature continue to mature and interface with other research areas, both within psychology and beyond.
“Analytical,” “Angry,” and “(Too) Honest”?! Learners' Stereotypes about Teachers of German
Authors: Rothe Lucian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study investigated stereotypes about teachers of German that 67 novice learners of German at a U.S. university had reportedly encountered. Consequently, the investigation explored the perceived accuracy of clichés associated with native‐speaker and non‐native‐speaker instructors. Students' stereotypical notions were sorted into categories using principles of grounded theory. Statistical analyses showed that respondents were able to list various stereotypes about instructors of German. Responses also reflected societal narratives concerning native‐speaker and non‐native‐speaker teachers' strengths and shortcomings. Last, and of importance to the future of German Studies, participants considered more favorable stereotypes about teachers as more accurate and less‐favorable clichés as more inaccurate. The study discusses implications for teaching, program advertisement, and research on how learners' imagined construct of the language classroom community may benefit the study of German.
Symbolic Competence and Race in “Gute Menschen”: Teaching About Racism in Germany Through a Hip‐Hop Music Video
Authors: Chen Yannleon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis observational study examines the use of the German hip‐hop music video, “Gute Menschen” by the band OK KID (2015), as a basis for developing students' symbolic competence regarding contemporary discourse on racism in Germany. Based on earlier investigations (Putnam, 2006; Sosulski, 2013), this article advocates for the use of German music videos to develop students' abilities to decode multimodal symbols (i.e., visual, musical, and lyrical symbols) individually and holistically. Existing research supports the use of target language music videos in beginner‐ and intermediate‐level lessons because of their affective and aesthetic properties (Gullete et al., 2016; Kaiser, 2011; Schier, 2014; Spinner, 2008). Prompted by the lack of adequate discourse on racial and cultural diversity in many widely used textbooks (Ilett, 2009; Risager, 2006), and in the specific German curriculum (at an R1 university located in the Southwest) circa 2019, this project offers an example of internet‐accessible realia that directly addresses discourse on racism in Germany. Resulting findings and discussions are based on students' written assignments from two third‐semester German classes. The results demonstrate that conversations about racism can be successfully taught in beginner‐ and intermediate‐level curricula.
Comparative evaluation of selected serum and urine biomarkers in cats with interstitial and bacterial cystitis
Authors: Gülersoy Erdem , Maden Mehmet , Parlak Tuğba Melike , Sayin Zafer 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough feline urine is increasingly submitted for bacterial culture and susceptibility testing in veterinary practice, bacterial cystitis (BC) is relatively uncommon compared with feline interstitial cystitis (FIC), which shares similar clinical manifestations. Therefore, an investigation of certain urothelial (glycosaminoglycan [GAG], tissue inhibition metalloproteinase‐2 [TIMP‐2]), cytokine (interleukin 12 [IL‐12]), and neurotrophic factor (nerve growth factor [NGF]) markers may aid diagnosis.ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the diagnostic effectiveness of selected serum/urine biomarkers in the diagnosis of cats with FIC and BC.MethodsTwelve healthy cats (Control group) and 24 cats with feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) were used, and the cats with FLUTD were divided into FIC and BC groups.ResultsWhen comparing the three groups, serum GAG, IL‐12, NGF, and TIMP‐2 concentrations were highest in the FIC group; urine GAG, IL‐12, NGF, and TIMP‐2 concentrations were higher in the FIC and BC groups than those in the Control group. Serum NGF concentrations were higher in the FIC group than in all other groups. Also, serum GAG, IL‐12, NGF, and TIMP‐2 concentrations were found to be effective in the differential diagnosis of FIC vs BC.ConclusionsWe showed that serum NGF is a candidate biomarker that could be used in the diagnosis and differentiation of FIC. Urine GAG, IL‐12, NGF, and TIMP‐2 concentrations might be helpful in determining urinary bladder inflammation and/or damage in cats with FIC and BC. ROC analyses revealed that serum and urine biomarkers were effective for diagnosing FIC and that serum biomarkers rather than urine biomarkers were effective for the differential diagnosis of FIC and feline BC.
Bundles in advanced EAL authors’ articles: How do they compare with world Englishes practices?
Authors: Hyland Ken , Jiang Feng (Kevin) 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWith increasing numbers of scholars from around the world now engaged in international publishing to further their careers, many authors for whom English is not their first language worry about the acceptability of their language to journal editors. In this article we explore this issue by focusing on a key component of fluent academic writing: the high frequency fixed‐word collocations known as lexical bundles, strings which are ‘glued together’ and help characterize smooth production. Here we compare their use in the pre‐submission drafts of authors with different first languages with published papers in leading international journals. Our results suggest that language background certainly contributes to the differences between our EAL texts and published papers, but that seniority and discipline also significantly impact these language choices.
Thermomechanical Constitutive Models of Shape Memory Polymers and Their Composites
Authors: Zhao Wei , Liu Liwu , Lan Xin , Leng Jinsong , Liu Yanju 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Shape memory polymers (SMPs) and SMP composites (SMPCs) have been widely employed in several fields and exhibit excellent self-actuation, deformation, and self-adaption. Establishing reasonable constitutive models is vital for understanding the shape memory mechanism and expanding its applications. Moreover, the mechanical response of SMPs under different conditions can be predicted, facilitating their precise control. The internal mechanism for the shape memory behavior in most SMPs is thermal actuation. This study reviews the theories of thermally actuated SMPs, rheological and phase transition concept models, and models combining the rheology and phase transition concepts. Furthermore, the constitutive models of particulate-reinforced SMPCs, carbon-fiber-reinforced SMPCs, and the buckling behavior of SMPCs are summarized. This study is expected to help solve the remaining issues rapidly and contribute to the establishment of rational constitutive models for SMPs and SMPCs.
Systematic Assessment of Prosthesis Stiffness on User Biomechanics Using the Lower Leg Trajectory Error Framework and Its Implication for the Design and Evaluation of Ankle-Foot Prostheses
Authors: Prost Victor , Johnson W. Brett , Kent Jenny A. , Major Matthew J. , Winter Amos G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAdvances in understanding the effects the mechanical characteristics of prosthetic feet on user biomechanics have enabled passive prostheses to improve the walking pattern of people with lower limb amputation. However, there is no consensus on the design methodology and criteria required to maximize specific user outcomes and fully restore their mobility. The Lower Leg Trajectory Error (LLTE) framework is a novel design methodology based on the replication of lower leg dynamics. The LLTE value evaluates how closely a prosthetic foot replicates a target walking pattern. Designing a prosthesis that minimizes the LLTE value, optimizes its mechanical function to enable users to best replicate the target lower leg trajectory. Here, we conducted a systematic sensitivity investigation of LLTE-optimized prostheses. Five people with unilateral transtibial amputation walked overground at self-selected speeds using five prototype energy storage and return feet with varying LLTE values. The prototypes' LLTE values were varied by changing the stiffness of the participant's LLTE-optimized design by 60%, 80%, 120%, and 167%. Users most closely replicated the target able-bodied walking pattern with the LLTE-optimized stiffness, experimentally demonstrating that the predicted optimum was a true optimum. Additionally, the predicted LLTE values were correlated to the user's ability to replicate the target walking pattern, user preferences, and clinical outcomes including roll-over geometries, trunk sway, prosthetic energy return, and peak push-off power. This study further validates the use of the LLTE framework as a predictive and quantitative tool for designing and evaluating prosthetic feet.
Application of Artificial Neural Network to Nucleic Acid Analysis: Accurate Discrimination for Untypical Real-Time Fluorescence Curves With High Specificity and Sensitivity
Authors: Miao Guijun , Jiang Xiaodan , Tu Yunping , Zhang Lulu , Yu Duli , Qian Shizhi , Qiu Xianbo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
As a division of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), convective PCR (CPCR) is able to achieve highly efficient thermal cycling based on free thermal convection with pseudo-isothermal heating, which could be beneficial to point-of-care (POC) nucleic acid analysis. Similar to traditional PCR or isothermal amplification, due to a couple of issues, e.g., reagent, primer design, reactor, reaction dynamics, amplification status, temperature and heating condition, and other reasons, in some cases of CPCR tests, untypical real-time fluorescence curves with positive or negative tests will show up. Especially, when parts of the characteristics between untypical low-positive and negative tests are mixed together, it is difficult to discriminate between them using traditional cycle threshold (Ct) value method. To handle this issue which may occur in CPCR, traditional PCR or isothermal amplification, as an example, instead of using complicated mathematical modeling and signal processing strategy, an artificial intelligence (AI) classification method with artificial neural network (ANN) modeling is developed to improve the accuracy of nucleic acid detection. It has been proven that both the detection specificity and sensitivity can be significantly improved even with a simple ANN model. It can be estimated that the developed method based on AI modeling can be adopted to solve similar problem with PCR or isothermal amplification methods.
Designing Cladded Components for High Temperature Nuclear Service: Part II—Design Rules
Authors: Barua B. , Messner M. C. , Jetter R. I. , Sham T.-L. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The challenge of using existing ASME Section III, Division 5, class A metallic materials for the construction of structural components of advanced reactors with corrosive coolants could be mitigated by allowing designers to use cladding to protect the base material from corrosion. However, the existing Section III, Division 5 rules provide no guidance on the evaluation of strain accumulation and creep-fatigue damage in cladded components. The availability of design rules for cladded components that do not require long-term clad material testing could promote the application of the cladding approach to accelerate the deployment schedule of these advanced reactor systems. To avoid long-term properties for the clad materials Part I of this work proposes two approximate design analysis methods for two types of clad materials—soft clads that creep much faster and have lower yield stress than the class A base material, and hard clads that creep much slower and have higher yield stress than the class A base material. The proposed analysis methods approximate the response of a soft clad by treating it as perfectly compliant and of a hard clad by treating it as linear elastic. Based on these approximate design analysis strategies this Part II develops a complete set of design rules for class A components cladded with either soft or hard clad materials. Part II discusses the reasoning behind the proposed design rules and uses example finite element analyses of representative reactor components to illustrate the use of these design methods.
Stability Characteristics of Planar Rivlin–Ericksen Fluid Interface With Mass and Heat Transfer
Authors: Shukla Atul Kumar , Awasthi Mukesh Kumar 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The interface of viscous-Rivlin-Ericksen fluids is analyzed through the linear theory of stability analysis when mass and heat is transferring across the interface. The Rivlin-Ericksen fluid lies in the upper region while the lower region of the interface contains viscous fluid. The gravitational acceleration destabilizes the top-heavy arrangement and interface instability is governed by Rayleigh–Taylor instability. The two-dimensional interface is considered, and the viscous potential flow theory is employed to establish the relationship between perturbation's growth and wave number. This relationship is analyzed, and the perturbation's growth is plotted for various flow parameters. A marginal stability condition is obtained, and it is given in terms of heat transport coefficient Λ and wave number. The marginal stability criterion is analyzed using the well-known Newton–Raphson method. The heat and mass transfer phenomenon drives the unstable interface toward stability. It is pointed out that the viscoelastic coefficient λo influences the interface to be stable while the thickness of the viscoelastic fluid makes the interface unstable. Atwood numbers and Weber numbers show destabilizing behavior.
Pullout Resistance of Beaded Fibers in a Polymer Matrix
Authors: Xu Min , Wagner H. Daniel , An Bingbing 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introducing beads on the fibers is a promising design, which can give rise to enhanced strength and toughness of polymer matrix composites. In this study, we propose a computational model for fracture of the composites with beaded fibers, in which fiber breakage, plastic deformation of polymer matrix, friction between the bead and matrix, geometric interlocking between the bead and matrix, and debonding of the fiber–matrix, bead–matrix and fiber–bead interfaces are accounted for; calculations are carried out for pullout of beadless and beaded fibers embedded in a polymer matrix. It is found that the strength and toughness of the beaded-fiber reinforced composites are controlled by the synergistic interactions of operative mechanisms involved in fiber pullout. Compared with beadless fibers, beaded fibers enable the development of lower levels of stresses at the fiber–matrix and bead–matrix interfaces, retarding interfacial debonding. The presence of beads activates large plastic deformation of the polymer matrix and promotes geometric interlocking and frictional dissipation, giving rise to the simultaneous improvement of strength and toughness of the composites. It is identified that the polymer matrix with enhanced strain hardening spreads plastic deformation in the matrix and promotes stress transfer from the matrix to the fiber, thereby amplifying strength and toughness simultaneously. The fibers–matrix interface with intermediate strength levels leads to weak pullout resistance. In addition, we show that the low coefficient of friction plays a crucial role in promoting stress transfer from the matrix to fiber, thereby increasing the pullout resistance of beaded fibers.
Theory-Aided Full Field Strain Measurement Method for the Accurate Characterization of Elastic Contact Deformation
Authors: Sun Chen , Zhang Shaokun , Lin Qianling , Chen Jubing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAccurate characterization of contact deformation is of great difficulty especially for the area close to the interface. In this work, a theory-aided strain measurement method by combining modeling and experimental identification is developed for the characterization of contact deformation. The method consists of three procedures including displacement measurement, mechanical modeling, and strain identification. The displacement measurement introduces a modified digital image correlation to acquire the displacement field. In mechanical modeling, a contact model is developed so the relationship between the interfacial stress and the displacement is formulated. Finally, the strain identification procedure is used to optimize the unknown parameters by matching the modeled displacement to the experimental data, and then reconstruct the strain field using the model and the optimal parameters. By developing a discrete interfacial stress model and strain reconstruction algorithm, the proposed method can sensitively identify the strain concentration in the contact vicinity. Both simulation and experiment are carried out, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is discussed in detail.
Compression of Fibrous Assemblies: Revisiting the Stress–Density Relation
Authors: Picu Catalin R. , Negi Vineet 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Many engineering materials are made from fibers, and fibrous assemblies are often compacted during the fabrication process. Compression leads to the formation of contacts between fibers, and this causes stiffening. The relation between the uniaxial stress, S, and the volume fraction of fibers, φ, is of power law form. The derivation of this relation based on micromechanics considerations takes as input the structural evolution represented by the dependence of the mean segment length of the network, lc, on the current density, ρ (ρ is defined as the total length of fiber per unit volume of the network). In this work, we revisit this problem while considering that the mean segment length should be defined exclusively by fiber contacts that transmit load. We use numerical simulations of the compression of crimped fiber assemblies to show that, when using this definition, ρ∼1/lc2 at large enough strains. Purely geometric considerations require that ρ∼1/lc, and we observe that this applies in the early stages of compaction. In pre-stressed networks, the density–mean segment length scaling is of the form ρ∼1/lc2 at all strains. This has implications for the relation between stress and the fiber volume fraction. For both ρ versus lc scalings, S∼(φn−φ0n), where φ0 is the initial or reference fiber volume fraction; however, n = 3 when ρ∼1/lc and n = 2 for ρ∼1/lc2. These predictions are compared with experimental data from the literature.
The Role of Particle Size Distribution for Fluid Loss Materials on Formation of Filter-Cakes and Avoiding Formation Damage
Authors: Klungtvedt Karl Ronny , Saasen Arild 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that careful particle size selection is the main parameter for reducing fluid loss when drilling permeable or fractured formations. The methods are generally built around either the D50 or D90 values of the particles in the fluid as a relative size to the pore openings of the formation to minimize fluid loss. A series of studies were conducted with the aim of assessing if analysis of fluid loss could be used to separate the formation of internal and external filter-cakes, thereby enabling a more accurate estimate of the permeabilities of the internal and external filter-cakes. It was concluded that conventional particle size methods were found to be adequate for designing a fluid for wellbore stabilization purposes. This led to higher solids invasion and a more impermeable internal filter-cake. However, for optimization of reservoir drilling fluids, a different particle size selection method was found to be more useful to prevent reservoir formation damage. This method involves selecting particles that are resistant towards shear-degradation and with a D90 particle size ⪞3/2 the pore size of the formation. By analyzing fluid loss regression data and correlating these with indicators of formation damage, such as disc mass and permeability change, it was found that a ratio defined as the relative plugging factor could provide insight into the extent of solids invasion into the formation and potential formation damage.
Laser Com-Texture on Ti6Al4V Surface for Lubricant Transportation to Improve Tribological Properties
Authors: Liu Qi , Kouediatouka Ange Nsilani , Jiang Sen , Yuan Hengdi , Li Jing , Dong Guangneng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Artificial joint materials often wear out due to poor lubrication, affecting their service life. A compound texture (com-texture) was prepared, to improve the spreading of lubricant at the friction interface and reduce the friction and wear of artificial joint pairs UHMWPE and Ti6Al4V. The com-texture was divided into rough and smooth parts on the surface. The rough area was a hexagonal convex texture with a texture ratio of 66%, and it was covered with a recoagulated layer left by laser processing to absorb and transport lubricant to the friction interface. The smooth area was a convex texture with a texture ratio of 85%, which was the friction contact area. The texture morphology of the rough region was characterized by SEM and laser focusing microscope. It was found that the edge of the texture was covered with recondensed mountains after laser processing and corroded micro-nano pits, which helped to prepare super-hydrophilic surfaces. Besides, the flow law of simulated body fluid (SBF) on a textured surface was explored, and the motion process was recorded by a high-speed camera. The results showed that the com-texture could transport SBF to the friction region smoothly and quickly. The friction test results indicated that the structure had improved tribological properties.