bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urban Land Conversion Reduces Soil Organic Carbon Density Under Impervious Surfaces
Authors: Ding Q. , Shao H. , Chen X. , Zhang C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAccurate assessments of soil organic carbon (SOC) storage beneath impervious surface areas (ISAs, SOCISA) are key for understanding the urbanization impact on carbon pools, but previous studies either ignored the SOCISApool or overlooked the urbanization impacts on the SOC pool. Based on observations from 152 sampling sites in 43 cities, we show that mainland China has a SOCISAstock of 1,016 Tg to 100‐cm depth, with a mean density of 6.21 ± 3.90 kg m−2. Comparison between SOCISAand the SOC of background soil (SOCbackground) indicates ∼19% SOC loss due to ISA conversion, similar to the effect of cropland conversion. Unlike the vertical pattern of SOCbackground, which declined faster in the upper soil layers, SOCISAdecreased linearly with depth. Moreover, the SOCISAis uncorrelated with SOCbackgroundand decreases with precipitation. These unique patterns indicate the SOC loss mainly caused by topsoil removal during land conversion. The fact that the SOCISAof older ISA was not lower than that of newly converted ISA further confirmed that soil sealing preserved SOC. Finally, both the high correlation between SOCISAand SOCPSA(SOC of the adjacent pervious surfaces) and the converging SOC densities in urban soils showed strong influences from urban greenspace on SOCISA. Based on the findings, we recommend improving greenspace management to increase the presealing SOC stock, preventing ISA construction in wet/warm seasons to mitigate SOC loss, and developing technology to seal carbon stock under ISA. We conclude that SOCISAis a major component of the urban carbon pool. It has a unique spatial pattern and cannot be estimated using surrogate data such as SOCbackgroundor SOCPSA.
Quantitative lung ultrasound detects dynamic changes in lung recruitment in the preterm lamb
Authors: Sett Arun , Foo Gillian W. C. , Kenna Kelly R. , Sutton Rebecca J. , Perkins Elizabeth J. , Sourial Magdy , Rogerson Sheryle R. , Manley Brett J. , Davis Peter G. , Pereira-Fantini Prue M. , Tingay David G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Lung ultrasound (LUS) may not detect small, dynamic changes in lung volume. Mean greyscale measurement using computer-assisted image analysis (Q-LUSMGV) may improve the precision of these measurements.

Methods
Preterm lambs (n = 40) underwent LUS of the dependent or non-dependent lung during static pressure–volume curve mapping. Total and regional lung volumes were determined using the super-syringe technique and electrical impedance tomography. Q-LUSMGV and gold standard measurements of lung volume were compared in 520 images.

Results
Dependent Q-LUSMGV moderately correlated with total lung volume (rho = 0.60, 95% CI 0.51–0.67) and fairly with right whole (rho = 0.39, 0.27–0.49), central (rho = 0.38, 0.27–0.48), ventral (rho = 0.41, 0.31–0.51) and dorsal regional lung volumes (rho = 0.32, 0.21–0.43). Non-dependent Q-LUSMGV moderately correlated with total lung volume (rho = 0.57, 0.48–0.65) and fairly with right whole (rho = 0.43, 0.32–0.52), central (rho = 0.46, 0.35–0.55), ventral (rho = 0.36, 0.25–0.47) and dorsal lung volumes (rho = 0.36, 0.25–0.47). All correlation coefficients were statistically significant. Distinct inflation and deflation limbs, and sonographic pulmonary hysteresis occurred in 95% of lambs. The greatest changes in Q-LUSMGV occurred at the opening and closing pressures.

Conclusion
Q-LUSMGV detected changes in total and regional lung volume and offers objective quantification of LUS images, and may improve bedside discrimination of real-time changes in lung volume.

Impact

Lung ultrasound (LUS) offers continuous, radiation-free imaging that may play a role in assessing lung recruitment but may not detect small changes in lung volume.

Mean greyscale image analysis using computer-assisted quantitative LUS (Q-LUSMGV) moderately correlated with changes in total and regional lung volume.

Q-LUSMGV identified opening and closing pressure and pulmonary hysteresis in 95% of lambs.

Computer-assisted image analysis may enhance LUS estimation of lung recruitment at the bedside.

Future research should focus on improving precision prior to clinical translation.
Orbital-selective band hybridisation at the charge density wave transition in monolayer TiTe2
Authors: Antonelli Tommaso , Rahim Warda , Watson Matthew D. , Rajan Akhil , Clark Oliver J. , Danilenko Alisa , Underwood Kaycee , Marković Igor , Abarca-Morales Edgar , Kavanagh Seán R. , Le Fèvre P. , Bertran F. , Rossnagel K. , Scanlon David O. , King Phil D. C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractReducing the thickness of a material to its two-dimensional (2D) limit can have dramatic consequences for its collective electronic states, including magnetism, superconductivity, and charge and spin ordering. An extreme case is TiTe2, where a charge density wave (CDW) emerges in the single-layer, which is absent for the bulk compound, and whose origin is still poorly understood. Here, we investigate the electronic band structure evolution across this CDW transition using temperature-dependent angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Our study reveals an orbital-selective band hybridisation between the backfolded conduction and valence bands occurring at the CDW phase transition, which in turn leads to a significant electronic energy gain, underpinning the CDW transition. For the bulk compound, we show how this energy gain is almost completely suppressed due to the three-dimensionality of the electronic band structure, including via a kz-dependent band inversion which switches the orbital character of the valence states. Our study thus sheds new light on how control of the electronic dimensionality can be used to trigger the emergence of new collective states in 2D materials.
The Boltzmann fair division for distributive justice
Authors: Park Ji-Won , Kim Jaeup U. , Ghim Cheol-Min , Kim Chae Un 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFair division is a significant, long-standing problem and is closely related to social and economic justice. The conventional division methods such as cut-and-choose are hardly applicable to real-world problems because of their complexity and unrealistic assumptions about human behaviors. Here we propose a fair division method from a completely different perspective, using the Boltzmann division. The mathematical model of the Boltzmann division was developed for both homogeneous and heterogeneous cake-cutting problems, and the realistic human factors (contributions, needs, and preferences) of the multiple participating players could be successfully integrated. The Boltzmann division was then optimized by maximizing the players’ total utility. We show that the Boltzmann fair division is a division method favorable to the socially disadvantaged or underprivileged, and it is drastically simple yet highly versatile and can be easily fine-tuned to directly apply to a variety of social, economic, and political division problems.
Towards a digital twin for supporting multi-agency incident management in a smart city
Authors: Wolf Kristina , Dawson Richard J. , Mills Jon P. , Blythe Phil , Morley Jeremy 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCost-effective on-demand computing resources can help to process the increasing number of large, diverse datasets generated from smart internet-enabled technology, such as sensors, CCTV cameras, and mobile devices, with high temporal resolution. Category 1 emergency services (Ambulance, Fire and Rescue, and Police) can benefit from access to (near) real-time traffic- and weather data to coordinate multiple services, such as reassessing a route on the transport network affected by flooding or road incidents. However, there is a tendency not to utilise available smart city data sources, due to the heterogeneous data landscape, lack of real-time information, and communication inefficiencies. Using a systems engineering approach, we identify the current challenges faced by stakeholders involved in incident response and formulate future requirements for an improved system. Based on these initial findings, we develop a use case using Microsoft Azure cloud computing technology for analytical functionalities that can better support stakeholders in their response to an incident. Our prototype allows stakeholders to view available resources, send automatic updates and integrate location-based real-time weather and traffic data. We anticipate our study will provide a foundation for the future design of a data ontology for multi-agency incident response in smart cities of the future.
Inequality constraint on the maximum genus for 3D structural compliance topology optimization
Authors: Han Haitao , Wang Chong , Zuo Tongxing , Liu Zhenyu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStructural topology constraints in topology optimization are an important research topic. The structural topology is characterized by the topological invariance of the number of holes. The holes of a structure in 3D space can be classified as internally enclosed holes and external through-holes (or tunnels). The genus is the number of tunnels. This article proposes the quotient set design variable method (QSDV) to implement the inequality constraint on the maximum genus allowed in an optimized structure for 3D structural topology optimization. The principle of the QSDV is to classify the changing design variables according to the connectivity of the elements in a structure to obtain the quotient set and update the corresponding elements in the quotient set to meet the topological constraint. Based on the standard relaxation algorithm discrete variable topology optimization method (DVTOCRA), the effectiveness of the QSDV is illustrated in numerical examples of a 3D cantilever beam.
Ionizing radiation exposure during adulthood and risk of developing central nervous system tumors: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lopes Julie , Baudin Clémence , Leuraud Klervi , Klokov Dmitry , Bernier Marie-Odile 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMany studies on ionizing radiation (IR) exposure during childhood have shown deleterious effects on the central nervous system (CNS), however results regarding adult exposure are inconsistent, and no systematic reviews have been performed. The objectives are to synthesize the findings and draw evidence-based conclusions from epidemiological studies on the risk of benign and malignant brain and CNS tumors in humans exposed to low-to-moderate doses (< 0.5 Gy) of IR during adulthood/young adulthood. A systematic literature search of four electronic databases, supplemented by a hand search, was performed to retrieve relevant epidemiological studies published from 2000 to 2022. Pooled excess relative risk (ERRpooled) was estimated using a random effect model. Eighteen publications were included in the systematic review and twelve out of them were included in a meta-analysis. The following IR sources were considered: atomic bombs, occupational, and environmental exposures. No significant dose-risk association was found for brain/CNS tumors (ERRpooled at 100 mGy = − 0.01; 95% CI: − 0.05, 0.04). Our systematic review and meta-analysis did not show any association between exposure to low-to-moderate doses of IR and risk of CNS tumors. Further studies with histological information and precise dose assessment are needed.
Live imaging of delamination in Drosophila shows epithelial cell motility and invasiveness are independently regulated
Authors: Inaki Mikiko , Vishnu Smitha , Matsuno Kenji 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDelaminating cells undergo complex, precisely regulated changes in cell–cell adhesion, motility, polarity, invasiveness, and other cellular properties. Delamination occurs during development and in pathogenic conditions such as cancer metastasis. We analyzed the requirements for epithelial delamination in Drosophila ovary border cells, which detach from the structured epithelial layer and begin to migrate collectively. We used live imaging to examine cellular dynamics, particularly epithelial cells’ acquisition of motility and invasiveness, in delamination-defective mutants during the time period in which delamination occurs in the wild-type ovary. We found that border cells in slow border cells (slbo), a delamination-defective mutant, lacked invasive cellular protrusions but acquired basic cellular motility, while JAK/STAT-inhibited border cells lost both invasiveness and motility. Our results indicate that invasiveness and motility, which are cooperatively required for delamination, are regulated independently. Our reconstruction experiments also showed that motility is not a prerequisite for acquiring invasiveness.
Distribution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of Shahe reservoir
Authors: Sun Wen , Yang Ke , Li Risheng , Chen Tianqing , Xia Longfei , Sun Xubo , Wang Zhao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractShahe Reservoir of Northern Canal Basin was selected as the study area. Nineteen surface (0~20 cm) sediment samples and three sediment core samples were collected to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn in the sediments. The geo-accumulation index, potential ecological risk index and risk assessment code were used to evaluate heavy metal pollution, as well as its potential risk was analyzed according to the speciation of heavy metals. Results showed that the average enrichment factors of heavy metals compared to the background value in soil of Beijing were ranked at the order as the point source pollution area > the central area of the reservoir > the downstream area of the reservoir > the Nansha River > the upstream area of the reservoir > the Beisha River, namely, 2.57 times, 2.06 times, 1.97 times, 1.95 times, 1.87 times and 1.85 times, respectively. The sediment core samples in the central area of the reservoir and the inlet of the Beisha River showed a trend of increasing firstly and then decreasing with the change of depth. Pollution assessment results showed that sediment was moderately contaminated or moderately to strongly contaminated by As, but the other heavy metals were not polluted or lightly polluted. The potential ecological risk index of all sampling sites was less than 150, showing a low ecological risk. As Cr and Cu were mainly in the speciation of residues, with low bioavailability. Although the content of Mn and Zn were low, they showed high bioavailability. Based on correlation analysis and principal component analysis, it was speculated that the sources of various heavy metal pollution in the sediment were similar, which were possibly input from the external wastewater. The heavy metals in sediment were positively related to nutrients and organic matter, indicating that all of them were mostly from the same point polluted sources.
Potential biomarkers and immune characteristics of small bowel adenocarcinoma
Authors: Feng Jinggao , Tang Xiayu , Song Liusong , Zhou Zhipeng , Jiang Yuan , Huang Yao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSmall bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) is a gastrointestinal malignancy with low incidence but poor prognosis, and its pathogenesis is still unclear. This study aimed to explore potential disease-causing biomarkers of SBA. The gene expression datasets of SBA and normal samples were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. First, differential gene expression analysis and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) were performed. Common genes (CGs) were obtained by intersection of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and optimal modal genes of WGCNA. Subsequently, a protein‒protein interaction network was established to screen hub genes, and target genes were obtained by Lasso regression analysis of hub genes. An SBA risk prediction model was established based on target genes. The prediction accuracy of the model was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The levels of immune cell infiltration and activation of immune pathways were compared between SBA and normal samples using the "ggpubr" and "reshape2" packages. A total of 1058 DEGs were identified. WGCNA showed that the signature gene in the brown module was significantly associated with SBA (p = 7E−17), and 469 CGs were obtained. Four target genes (APOA4, APOB, COL1A2, FN1) were identified and showed excellent prediction of SBA risk (AUC = 0.965). In addition, active dendritic cells and macrophages showed higher infiltration levels in SBA. Meanwhile, the APC_co_stimulation pathway and parainflammation pathway were strongly active in SBA. Four target genes (APOA4, APOB, COL1A2, FN1) may be involved in the pathogenesis of small bowel adenocarcinoma.
L’évaluation de la progression de l’interne de médecine générale dans son parcours professionnalisant
Authors: Munier Pauline , Stillmunkes André , Rougé-Bugat Marie-Ève , Bismuth Michel , Mesthe Pierre , Oustric Stéphane , Escourrou Émile 
Published: September 2022

Contexte : Les départements de médecine générale français souhaitent proposer une évaluation longitudinale de la progression de l’interne. À l’Université de Toulouse, des objectifs intermédiaires ont été élaborés pour tracer l’évolution de l’interne dans son parcours professionnalisant, démarche indispensable à une certification des compétences. But : Développer et tester un outil d’évaluation des objectifs intermédiaires. Méthodes : Une revue narrative de la littérature a été réalisée pour identifier les méthodes d’évaluation de la progression de l’interne utilisées en France et à l’international. Dans un deuxième temps, un groupe de travail d’experts de la faculté de médecine de Toulouse a été constitué pour : (1) élaborer un outil d’évaluation des objectifs intermédiaires ; (2) proposer une phase test durant le semestre d’été 2019 sur un panel d’internes et de maîtres de stage (MSU) de la région toulousaine. Résultats : Nous n’avons pas retrouvé dans la littérature d’outil permettant une mesure spécifique du processus de résolution en soins premiers. L’outil que nous avons développé permet de tracer l’acquisition des objectifs intermédiaires en deux temps du semestre, au deuxième et au sixième mois de stage. La phase test a évalué sa faisabilité : 87 % des MSU ont trouvé les objectifs pertinents et 89 % la durée de remplissage de l’outil acceptable. Discussion : Cet outil concis permettrait une mesure spécifique de la qualité des interventions par des résidents dans des problématiques rencontrées en médecine générale. Il complèterait les outils d’évaluation existants pour une inférence des compétences indispensables à la certification d’un médecin généraliste.
Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser, …
Authors: Kluthe Bertil 
Published: September 2022

Ernährung und/oder Medikament?Das ist die Leitfrage der vorliegenden Ausgabe von e & m und führt
uns auf den Weg zu ergänzenden Fragestellungen: Welchen Beitrag kann die
Ernährungstherapie bei häufigen Krankheitsbildern aus den Bereichen
Gastroenterologie und Stoffwechsel leisten? Kann eine konsequent umgesetzte
Ernährungstherapie ein Weg zur effektiven Reduktion des Medikamentenbedarfes
sein und so zu einer Vermeidung der heutzutage leider häufig zu
beobachtenden Polypharmazie beitragen? Und wie können sich
Ernährungstherapie und Medikamente in ihrem Zusammenspiel optimal
ergänzen?
A Novel Synthesis of 5E-Isomer-Free Carboprost Methyl Ester
Authors: Wang Meng , Wang Fangdao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA macrocyclic lactone strategy for the synthesis of 5E-isomer-free carboprost methyl ester was developed for the first time. The macrocyclic lactone being free of 5E-isomer can be easily prepared from modified Corey lactone. The key intermediate could be used as a building scaffold to prepare carboprost methyl ester and other prostaglandins effectively.
Cervicomedullary Purely Solid, Giant Pilocytic Astrocytoma
Authors: Prajapati Hanuman Prasad , Faheem Mohd , Kannaujia Sanjay Kumar , Yadav Anurag 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPilocytic astrocytomas are well-circumscribed, predominantly cystic mass lesions that have a discrete mural nodule. Giant, solid pilocytic astrocytoma is uncommon. Its characteristic imaging features are described.
Planck constraints on cross-correlations between anisotropic cosmic birefringence and CMB polarization
Authors: Bortolami M. , Billi M. , Gruppuso A. , Natoli P. , Pagano L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cosmic Birefringence (CB) is the in-vacuo rotation of the linear polarization direction of photons during propagation, caused by parity-violating extensions of Maxwell electromagnetism. We build low resolution CB angle maps using Planck Legacy and NPIPE products and provide for the first time estimates of the cross-correlation spectra CL
αE
and CL
αB
between the CB and the CMB polarization fields. We also provide updated CB auto-correlation spectra CL
αα
as well as the cross-correlation CL
αT
with the CMB temperature field. We report constraints by defining the scale-invariant amplitudes AαX
≡ L(L + 1)CL
αX
/2π, where X = α, T, E, B, finding no evidence of CB. In particular, we find AαE
= (-7.8 ± 5.6) nK deg and AαB
= (0.3 ± 4.0) nK deg at 68% C.L..
Spectral properties of the generalized diluted Wishart ensemble
Authors: Pérez Castillo Isaac 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The celebrated Marčenko–Pastur law, that considers the asymptotic spectral density of random covariance matrices, has found a great number of applications in physics, biology, economics, engineering, among others. Here, using techniques from statistical mechanics of spin glasses, we derive simple formulas concerning the spectral density of generalized diluted Wishart matrices. These are defined as

F
≡

1

2
d

X

Y

T

+
Y

X

T

, where
X
and
Y
are diluted N × P rectangular matrices, whose entries correspond to the links of doubly-weighted random bipartite Poissonian graphs following the distribution

P

(

x

i

μ

,

y

i

μ

)

=

d

N

ϱ

(

x

i

μ

,

y

i

μ

)

+

1
−

d

N

δ

x

i

μ

,
0

δ

y

i

μ

,
0

, with the probability density ϱ(x, y) controlling the correlation between the matrices entries of
X
and
Y
. Our results cover several interesting cases by varying the parameters of the matrix ensemble, namely, the dilution of the graph d, the rectangularity of the matrices α = N/P, and the degree of correlation of the matrix entries via the density ϱ(x, y). Finally, we compare our findings to numerical diagonalisation showing excellent agreement.
Metric density results for the value distribution of Sudler products
Authors: Hauke Manuel 
Published: September 2022

We study the value distribution of the Sudler product

P
N

(
α
)
≔

∏

n
=
1

N

|
2
sin
⁡
(
π
n
α
)
|

P_N(\alpha ) ≔\prod _{n=1}^{N}\lvert 2\sin (\pi n \alpha )\rvert

for Lebesgue-almost every irrational

α
\alpha

. We show that for every non-decreasing function

ψ
:
(
0
,
∞
)
→
(
0
,
∞
)

\psi : (0,\infty ) \to (0,\infty )

with

∑

k
=
1

∞

1

ψ
(
k
)

=
∞

\sum _{k=1}^{\infty } \frac {1}{\psi (k)} = \infty

, the set

{
N
∈

N

:
log
⁡

P
N

(
α
)
≤
−
ψ
(
log
⁡
N
)
}

\{N \in \mathbb {N}: \log P_N(\alpha ) \leq -\psi (\log N)\}

has upper density

1
1

, which answers a question of Bence Borda. On the other hand, we prove that

{
N
∈

N

:
log
⁡

P
N

(
α
)
≥
ψ
(
log
⁡
N
)
}

\{N \in \mathbb {N}: \log P_N(\alpha ) \geq \psi (\log N)\}

has upper density at least

1
2

\frac {1}{2}

, with remarkable equality if

lim inf

k
→
∞

ψ
(
k
)

/

(
k
log
⁡
k
)
≥
C

\liminf _{k \to \infty } \psi (k)/(k \log k) \geq C

for some sufficiently large

C
>
0

C > 0

.