bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Evaluation of Rock Mechanical Properties and in-situ Stress in Tight Sandstone Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Cai Mingliyang , Li Ming , Zhu Xiaoshuan , Luo Hao , Zhang Qiang 
Published: April 2022

Comprehensive research on reservoir rock mechanics and in-situ stress properties combined with petrophysical experiments, logging models and numerical simulation is an important means to achieve efficient development of tight sandstone oil reservoirs. In this study, a large number of rock mechanics and acoustic experiments, full-wave train array acoustic wave tests, hydraulic fracturing data and three-dimensional finite element simulations were used to study the rock mechanical properties and in-situ stress characteristics of continental tight oil reservoirs in the Yanchang Formation. The results show that under uniaxial conditions, the tight sandstone samples mainly suffer from tensional ruptures. With the increase of confining pressure, the tight sandstone samples undergo obvious shear ruptures. When the confining pressure is loaded to 35 MPa, a typical vertical shear fracture will be formed. The hydraulic fracturing calculation results show that the in-situ stress state of the target layer satisfies σv (vertical principal stress)&gt;σH (maximum horizontal principal stress)&gt;σh (minimum horizontal principal stress). Based on the results of rock mechanics and acoustic tests, we have constructed the dynamic and static mechanical parameter conversion models of tight oil reservoirs and the logging interpretation model of current in-situ stress. Furthermore, the finite element method is used to simulate the three-dimensional structural stress field of the target layer. The simulations show that the horizontal principal stress distribution in the work area is consistent with the applied environmental stress. The σH of the target layer is mainly distributed in 32–50 MPa, and the σh is mainly distributed in 20–34 MPa. Both σH and σh are relatively high in the southern uplift of the work area; among them, σH is usually greater than 44 MPa, and σh is usually greater than 24 MPa. The northern part of the study area developed several grooved areas with relatively low stress values. The regions with high stress values are often distributed in bands, which may be related to the compression caused by the deformation of the strata. For shear stress, left-handed and right-handed regions usually alternate with each other. However, the extent of the left-handed area in the southern uplift area is larger than that of the right-handed area, indicating that the tight oil reservoirs in the study area are mainly affected by left-handed activities.
Association Between the TP53 Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer Risk: An Updated Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhao Lin , Yin Xiang-Xiongyi , Qin Jun , Wang Wei , He Xiao-Feng 
Published: April 2022

Background: The relationship of TP53 codons 72, IVS3 16 bp, and IVS6+62A &gt; G polymorphisms with breast cancer (BC) risk has been analyzed in seventeen published meta-analyses. However, the credibility of statistically significant associations was ignored and many new studies have been reported on these themes.Objectives: To explore whether TP53 codons 72, IVS3 16 bp, and IVS6+62A &gt; G polymorphisms are associated with BC risk and the clinical phenomena.Methods: To comprehensively search the data (through October 25, 2021), we provided a clear search strategy and reviewed the references of published meta-analyses. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were used.Results: The current meta-analysis had a larger sample size than the previous ones: 99 studies with 43,951 BC and 48,479 controls for TP53 codon 72 polymorphism, 35 studies with 8,705 BC and 7,516 controls for IVS3 16 bp polymorphism, and 25 studies with 12,222 BC and 12,895 controls for IVS6+62A &gt; G polymorphism. Five gene models were used to explore the association between the three polymorphisms and BC risk, and partial positive results were similar to published meta-analyses results. However, a large number of significant results were considered to be unreliable after correcting with Bayesian false-discovery probability (BFDP), except for the association between TP53 IVS3 16 bp polymorphism and BC risk in overall analysis (GG vs. CC: BFDP = 0.738), matched studies (GG vs. CC: BFDP = 0.173; GG vs. CC + CG: BFDP = 0.447), and tumor size below 2 cm (GG vs. CC: BFDP = 0.088; GG + CG vs. CC: BFDP = 0.730; GG vs. CC + CG: BFDP = 0.311). These unreliable results were confirmed again without new solid results emerging in further sensitivity analysis (only studies in compliance with the quality assessment standard).Conclusion: After considering the quality of the included studies and the reliability of the results, the present meta-analysis suggested that TP53 codons 72, IVS3 16 bp, and IVS6+62A &gt; G polymorphisms were not significantly associated with the BC risk. Those results which prove that these three polymorphisms increase BC risk are more likely to be false-positive results due to various confounding factors.
Label-free Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum in Patients With Relapse-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Liu Haijie , Wang Ziwen , Li He , Li Meijie , Han Bo , Qi Yuan , Wang Huailu , Gao Juan 
Published: April 2022

Background: The lack of effective serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers remains a barrier to early diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). The study is to identify the diagnostic biomarkers of serum and CSF in patients who suffered MS.Methods: At first, we performed differential analysis of CSF and serum proteomics on control and relapse-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients. Secondly, CSF and serum’s differential proteins were compared, in order to identify the significative proteins. Finally, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis were performed on the differential proteins in serum and CSF respectively to clarify their common biological functions and pathways.Results: At the first step, in CSF, 73 proteins were significantly differentially expressed in the RRMS set compared with the controls. In serum, 22 proteins were differentially expressed. Secondly, we found MMP2 C8G and CFH were the same high expression trend in CSF and serum. Finally, we found the differential proteins in serum and CSF are mostly participated in biological processes: immuno-inflammatory response, neuronal development, cell adhesion and signaling.Conclusion: MMP2, C8G and CFH may participate in the pathogenesis of RRMS, which are the potential diagnostic biomarkers of the disease.
Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators Reduce Scarring After Cleft Lip Repair
Authors: Papathanasiou Evangelos , Scott Andrew R. , Trotman Carroll Ann , Beale Corinna , Price Lori Lyn , Huggins Gordon S. , Zhang Yang , Georgakoudi Irene , Van Dyke Thomas E. 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveResidual scarring after cleft lip repair surgery remains a challenge for both surgeons and patients and novel therapeutics are critically needed. The objective of this preclinical experimental study was to evaluate the impact of the methyl-ester of pro-resolving lipid mediator lipoxin A4 (LXA4-ME) on scarring in a novel rabbit model of cleft lip repair.MethodsA defect of the lip was surgically created and repaired in eight six-week old New Zealand white rabbits to simulate human cleft lip scars. Rabbits were randomly assigned to topical application of PBS (control) or 1 ug of LXA4-ME (treatment). 42 days post surgery all animals were euthanized. Photographs of the cleft lip area defect and histologic specimens were evaluated. Multiple scar assessment scales were used to compare scarring.ResultsAnimals treated with LXA4-ME exhibited lower Visual Scar Assessment scores compared to animals treated with PBS. Treatment with LXA4-ME resulted in a significant reduction of inflammatory cell infiltrate and density of collagen fibers. Control animals showed reduced 2D directional variance (orientation) of collagen fibers compared to animals treated with LXA4-ME demonstrating thicker and more parallel collagen fibers, consistent with scar tissue.ConclusionsThese data suggest that LXA4-ME limits scarring after cleft lip repair and improves wound healing outcomes in rabbits favoring the resolution of inflammation. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanisms that underlie the positive therapeutic impact of LXA4-ME on scarring to set the stage for future human clinical trials of LXA4-ME for scar prevention or treatment after cleft lip repair.
Cytomegalovirus-Immune Recovery Retinitis After Initiation of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy: A Case Series
Authors: Qian Yiwen , Wang Luoziyi , Jiang Jing , Suo Jinshan , Weng Huan , Che Xin , Lu Hongzhou , Wang Zhiliang 
Published: April 2022

PurposeTo delineate the characteristics and treatment of cytomegalovirus-immune recovery retinitis (CMV-IRR) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients with immune recovery under effective highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen.MethodsWe reported four patients with HIV who were diagnosed with CMV-IRR soon after effective HAART. Plasma levels of CD4 T cells, HAART regimen, and other clinical and laboratory characteristics of the four patients were described. Patients were monitored for ocular manifestations and clinical signs under effective ocular and systemic anti-cytomegalovirus (CMV) and corticosteroid treatment for 12 months.ResultsWith HAART, plasma levels of CD4 T cell counts rose remarkably. The mean baseline CD4 count of the four patients was 14.5 (range from 7 to 33) cells/μl before HAART and 183.25 (range from 153 to 220) cells/μl when diagnosed with CMV-IRR. Ophthalmic examination demonstrated severe vitreous opacities and necrotizing retinitis, intraretinal hemorrhages, and vasculitis. A large number of CMV sequencing was detected by DNA sequencing of vitreous samples. All four patients were recovered from CMV-IRR with anti-CMV and corticosteroid treatment.ConclusionsCytomegalovirus-immune recovery retinitis is a new diagnosis of HIV-associated ocular complication under HAART. These findings suggest that the immunological effects of HAART may accelerate the CMV retinitis in patients with very low initial CD4 T cell counts. HIV patients are recommended to have a thorough fundus examination before HAART initiation and a close follow-up especially in those with low CD4 counts to avoid the progression of CMV retinitis.
A New SteatoScore in the Evaluation of Non-Alcoholic Liver Disease in Oncologic Patients
Authors: Cioni Dania , Gabelloni Michela , Sanguinetti Andrea , De Rosa Laura , Aringhieri Giacomo , Tintori Rachele , Candita Gianvito , Febi Maria , Faita Francesco , Lencioni Riccardo , Neri Emanuele 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThe aims of this study were to evaluate the reproducibility of a new multi-parametric steatoscore (new SteatoScore) in oncologic patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and to compare it with computed tomography (CT).Materials and MethodsFifty-one (31 men, 20 women) oncologic patients, with a mean age and weight of 63.9 years and 78.33 kg, respectively, were retrospectively enrolled in the study. Patients underwent ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) examinations as part of their oncologic follow-up protocol. US examinations were performed by using a 3.5-MHz convex probe. During the US examination, three standardized clips were obtained in each patient. Two operators performed all measurements, one of whom repeated the processing twice in 1 year. Hepatic/renal ratio (HR), attenuation rate (AR), diaphragm visualization (DV), hepatic/portal vein ratio (HPV), and portal vein wall visualization (PVW) were acquired and calculated by using Matlab and inserted in a multi-parametric algorithm called new SteatoScore. On unenhanced CT scan, hepatic attenuation (HA), liver-spleen difference (L-S), and liver/spleen ratio (L/S) were measured by placement of a region of interest (ROI) within liver and spleen parenchyma, avoiding areas with vessels and biliary ducts.ResultsThe intra-observer variability was greater than the inter-observer one, with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values of 0.94 and 0.97, respectively. Correlation between single US and CT parameters provided an agreement in no case exceeding 50%. New SteatoScore showed high reproducibility, and high coefficient of correlation with L-S (R = −0.64; p &lt; 0.0001) and L/S (R = −0.62; p &lt; 0.0001) at CT.ConclusionNew SteatoScore has a high reproducibility and shows a good correlation with unenhanced CT in evaluation of oncologic patients with NAFLD.
Modeling Human Prostate Cancer Metastasis in Mice via Resection of Subcutaneous Allografts
Authors: Peiffer Lauren B. , Hicks Jessica , Sosa Rebecca Y. , De Marzo Angelo M. , Sfanos Karen S. , Maynard Janielle P. 
Published: April 2022

The 5-year survival rate for patients diagnosed with distant metastatic prostate cancer in the United States is 30.6%. Therefore, there is a great need to develop in vivo model systems to study prostate cancer metastasis and to test potential therapeutics. Most murine prostate cancer metastatic models involve intracardiac or intraosseous implantation of cancer cells, which bypass the early stages of tumor cell migration and invasion. Herein we provide a detailed protocol for a novel method of resecting subcutaneous prostate cancer allografts in immunocompetent mice to produce spontaneous metastases and describe a pilot study using this method of tumor resection. Intact male FVB/NCrl mice (n = 9) were inoculated subcutaneously with Myc-CaP cells. Tumors were surgically resected, and mice were monitored for tumor recurrence. Animals were euthanized or died, and a full set of tissues was collected for histopathologic examination. Tumors took an average of 44 days (range 23–61) to reach 1.7 cm in any direction. All tumors were resectable, and resection of the tumors increased the study length by 70 days (range 30–121). One mouse was euthanized early of an unrelated cause, and of eight remaining mice, four developed tumor recurrence at the site of resection. One mouse developed bone metastases, one mouse developed metastases to the abdominal cavity, and two mice showed signs of local invasion. This study demonstrates that resection of subcutaneous Myc-CaP cell allografts in mice results in local tumor recurrence and the development of distant metastases, providing a new model system to study prostate cancer metastasis in vivo.
Battery Ingestion in Children, an Ongoing Challenge: Recent Experience of a Tertiary Center
Authors: Lorenzo Cristina , Azevedo Sara , Lopes João , Fernandes Ana , Loreto Helena , Mourato Paula , Lopes Ana Isabel 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionMorbidity related to childhood battery ingestions (BI) has increased recently due to the expanding use of larger lithium cells. A prompt endoscopic removal is vital to prevent severe complications in cases of esophageal batteries (EB).Materials and MethodsA retrospective, descriptive study of admissions for BI requiring endoscopic removal in a tertiary hospital's pediatric emergency department (Jan. 2011/Dec. 2020).ResultsWe had 35 cases, with an increasing incidence in the last 6 years; median age, 26 m (8 m-10 years), witnessed ingestion in 86%. On the X-ray: 14 (40%) had an EB, 21 (60%), a gastric battery (GB). Symptoms were present in 57% (100% EB/24% GB), and vomiting was the most frequent (50%). Endoscopy revealed: EB, 13 (37%); GB, 17 (49%); duodenal battery, 1 (3%); no battery, 4 (11%). Median time to removal: EB, 7 h (2 h-21days); GB, 12 h (2 h-3 days). All the patients with EB on the X-ray (14) had severe mucosal injury (Zargar classification): Grade IIIa, 7 (50%); IIIb, 5 (36%); IV, 2 (14%). CT-scan showed perforation in 2 patients (total, 4; 29% of EB). In patients with GB (21), 14 (67%) had mucosal damage; 13 (93%), mild (&lt; Grade III, two esophageal erosions); 1 (7%) IIIa (esophageal ulceration). A statistically significant association between exposure time, younger age or battery size and severity of endoscopic lesions was found in EB location. There were no mortality cases. Acute complications occurred in 57% of EB: infection, 50%; perforation, 29%; pneumomediastinum/stridor, 14%; pneumothorax/subglottic stenosis/hemodynamic instability, 7 vs. 0% GB. Stenosis subsequently developed in 6 (43%) of EB: mild, 4 cases (29%); severe, 2 cases (14%, one resolved after endoscopic dilation; one needed a gastrostomy and esophagocoloplasty).ConclusionWe verified recent increase in admissions due to battery ingestions and associated complications, despite the availability of an emergency pediatric endoscopy team. The patients with EB had more severe mucosal injury and poorer short/long-term outcomes. Children with GB had milder lesions, although the presence of a GB did not exclude esophageal injury. The availability of actual data from national referral centers will support advocacy efforts among stakeholders, including industry representatives and policy makers, in preventing worldwide button battery injury.
Psychotropic Medication Use Before and During COVID-19: A Population-Wide Study
Authors: Leong Christine , Kowalec Kaarina , Eltonsy Sherif , Bolton James M. , Enns Murray W. , Tan Qier , Yogendran Marina , Chateau Dan , Delaney Joseph A. , Sareen Jitender , Falk Jamison , Spiwak Rae , Logsetty Sarvesh , Alessi-Severini Silvia 
Published: April 2022

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and public health measures that took place have led to concerns regarding mental health and receipt of psychotropic medications. We aimed to study the changes in psychotropic medication dispensation rates before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in the general population.Methods: Administrative health data from the Canadian province of Manitoba was used to describe the quarterly incidence and prevalence of antipsychotics, antidepressants, and anxiolytic/sedative-hypnotics from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2020. Individuals who received at least one prescription within each quarter were considered exposed to the medication. The denominator was the total population within each quarter. Incidence was defined as no receipt of medication in the 3 years prior to the quarter of interest. Autoregression models for time series data plus indicator variables were used to compare each quarter of 2020 after public health measures were implemented in March 2020 in relation to the expected trend. Analyses were stratified by age and sex.Results: There were 1,394,885 individuals in the first quarter of 2020, with a mean (SD) age of 38.9 (23.4) years, 50.3% were female, and 36.1% had a psychiatric diagnosis in the previous 5 years. A significant decrease was observed for incident antidepressant use (p &lt; 0.05 for both sexes and all age groups except for those 65 years and older) and anxiolytic use (p &lt; 0.05 for both sexes and all age groups except 80 years and older) in the second quarter (April-June) of 2020 compared to the expected trend. Females and those aged 40 years and older had a significantly higher incidence of antidepressant and antipsychotic use in the final quarter of 2020 compared to the expected trend (p &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: Our findings indicate a decrease in new prescriptions for antidepressants and anxiolytics in the 3 months after COVID-19 in-person restrictions were first implemented. We then observed an increase in the new use of antidepressants and antipsychotics at the end of 2020, in females and people aged 40 years and older, with the highest rates of use in the population 80 years and older.
PET/CT Based EGFR Mutation Status Classification of NSCLC Using Deep Learning Features and Radiomics Features
Authors: Huang Weicheng , Wang Jingyi , Wang Haolin , Zhang Yuxiang , Zhao Fengjun , Li Kang , Su Linzhi , Kang Fei , Cao Xin 
Published: April 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the performance of radiomics and deep learning in predicting EGFR mutation status in patients with lung cancer based on PET/CT images, and tried to explore a model with excellent prediction performance to accurately predict EGFR mutation status in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Method: PET/CT images of 194 NSCLC patients from Xijing Hospital were collected and divided into a training set and a validation set according to the ratio of 7:3. Statistics were made on patients’ clinical characteristics, and a large number of features were extracted based on their PET/CT images (4306 radiomics features and 2048 deep learning features per person) with the pyradiomics toolkit and 3D convolutional neural network. Then a radiomics model (RM), a deep learning model (DLM), and a hybrid model (HM) were established. The performance of the three models was compared by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, calibration curves, and decision curves. In addition, a nomogram based on a deep learning score (DS) and the most significant clinical characteristic was plotted.Result: In the training set composed of 138 patients (64 with EGFR mutation and 74 without EGFR mutation), the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of HM (0.91, 95% CI: 0.86–0.96) was higher than that of RM (0.82, 95% CI: 0.75–0.89) and DLM (0.90, 95% CI: 0.85–0.95). In the validation set composed of 57 patients (32 with EGFR mutation and 25 without EGFR mutation), the AUC of HM (0.85, 95% CI: 0.77–0.93) was also higher than that of RM (0.68, 95% CI: 0.52–0.84) and DLM (0.79, 95% CI: 0.67–0.91). In all, HM achieved better diagnostic performance in predicting EGFR mutation status in NSCLC patients than two other models.Conclusion: Our study showed that the deep learning model based on PET/CT images had better performance than radiomics model in diagnosing EGFR mutation status of NSCLC patients based on PET/CT images. Combined with the most statistically significant clinical characteristic (smoking) and deep learning features, our hybrid model had better performance in predicting EGFR mutation types of patients than two other models, which could enable NSCLC patients to choose more personalized treatment schemes.