bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current use of biologic therapies for musculoskeletal disease: A survey of board‐certified equine specialists
Authors: Knott Lindsay E. , Fonseca‐Martinez B. Alexander , O'Connor Annette M. , Goodrich Laurie R. , McIlwraith C. Wayne , Colbath Aimee C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), autologous conditioned serum (ACS), platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), and autologous protein solution (APS) for the treatment of equine musculoskeletal disease by diplomates of the American College of Veterinary Surgery (ACVS), and American College of Veterinary Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation (ACVSMR).Study designCross‐sectional study.Sample populationDiplomates (n= 423).MethodsAn email link was sent to ACVS and ACVMR diplomates. A survey contained 59 questions regarding demographics, as well as indications, frequency, adverse effects, and limitations of use. Responses were analyzed using Fisher's exact test.ResultsOne hundred and fifty four surveys were analyzed. Years in practice and type of practice were not associated with biologic therapy use. PRP was the most used therapy (120/137; 87.5%). PRP and MSCs were most often administered intralesionally while ACS and APS were most often administered intra‐articularly. ACS (50/104; 48.1%) treatment was repeated commonly within 2 weeks of initial injection. MSCs (39/90; 43.3%) and PRP (38/100; 38%) were commonly repeated 1‐2 months after initial injection and APS was typically repeated >4 months after initial injection (21/53; 39.6%). Local inflammation and expense were the most common adverse effect and limitation of use.ConclusionDiplomates most commonly utilized PRP and MSC intralesionally for soft‐tissue injuries, and ACS and ACP intra‐articularly for joint injury. Protocols for repeated administration varied widely. Local inflammation was a clinical concern with the use of biologics.Clinical significanceBiologic therapies are used commonly by ACVS and ACVSMR diplomates for soft tissue and joint disease.
Cell Behavior in Flow Passing Through Micromachined Gap
Authors: Hashimoto Shigehiro 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A microgap was created in the flow channel, and the behavior (deformation, rotation) of each cell when passing through the gap was investigated. A gap with a rectangular cross section (7 μm high, 0.4 mm wide, and 0.1 mm long) was manufactured in the middle part of the flow path by photolithography technique. Myoblasts (C2C12: mouse myoblast cell line) sparsely suspended in the medium were used for the test. Deformation of each cell passing through the microgap was observed with an inverted phase contrast microscope. From the contour of the image of each cell passing through the gap, several parameters were analyzed: the two-dimensional projected area, the degree of deformation by ellipse approximation, and the alignment of the major axis of the deformed cell. The experimental results show that the alignment of each cell tends to deviate from the flow direction as the larger projected two-dimensional area pressed in the gap.
Two-Phase Flow Simulations of Liquid/Gas Transport in Radial Centrifugal Pumps With Special Emphasis on the Transition From Bubbles to Adherent Gas Accumulations
Authors: Hundshagen Markus , Rave Kevin , Nguyen Bich-Diep , Popp Sebastian , Hasse Christian , Mansour Michael , Thévenin Dominique , Skoda Romuald 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In recent optical flow experiments on a transparent volute-type radial centrifugal pump, an accumulation of air bubbles to adherent gas pockets within the impeller blade channels was observed. A transition of unsteady bubbly flow toward an attached gas pocket at the blade suction side was found for increasing air loading of the liquid water phase. This steadily attached pocket shows a distinctive unsteady wake. A reproduction of the transition from bubbly to pocket flow in a three-dimensional (3D) flow simulation demands the treatment of dispersed bubbly flow, on the one hand, and of coherent air regions, on the other hand. Therefore, a hybrid flow solver is adopted based on an Euler–Euler two-fluid (EE2F) method for dispersed flows and features volume-of-fluid (VOF) properties when air accumulations form. A scale-adaptive simulation (SAS) turbulence model is utilized to account for highly unsteady flow regions. For the time being, a monodisperse bubble size distribution is assumed for the dispersed part of the flow. For an operation range close to the design point and rising air loading, the flow transition from bubbly to pocket flow is well captured by the hybrid simulation method. Even an alternating pocket flow in between bubbly and pocket flow regime is predicted. The simulation method is still limited by an appropriate choice of a monodisperse bubble diameter. Therefore, the disperse model part of the hybrid flow solver will be coupled with population balance and bubble interaction models in future studies.
Heave Motion Induced Vortex-Induced Vibrations of a Full-Scale Steel Lazy Wave Riser
Authors: Yin Decao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Deepwater steel lazy wave risers (SLWR) subject to vessel motion will be exposed to time-varying oscillatory flow, vortices could be generated and the cyclic vortex-shedding force causes the structure vibrate, such fluid–structure interaction is called vortex-induced vibrations (VIV). To investigate VIV on a riser with nonlinear structures under vessel motion and oscillatory flows, time-domain approaches are needed. In this study, a time-domain approach is used to simulate a full-scale SLWR. Two cases with simplified riser top motions are simulated numerically. By using default input parameters to the time-domain approach, the key oscillatory flow induced VIV response characteristics such as response frequency, curvature, and displacements are examined and discussed. More accurate VIV prediction could be achieved by using realistic hydrodynamic inputs into the time domain model.
Active Absorption of Random Waves in Wave Flume Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Ramos Áureo I. W. , Fernandes Antonio C. , Thomaz Vanessa M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A wave flume is primarily intended to reproduce actual sea conditions in order to provide a reliable means of testing for small-scale models. The realization of scaled tests is extremely important for the validation of a project on real scale, since, through the laws of similitude, such tests make it possible to predict the behavior of structures in the ocean as well as their performance during operation. This research aims to develop, test, and validate an active control algorithm for wave absorption in a two-dimensional wave channel—that is, when the waves propagate in only one direction—based on artificial neural networks (ANN). The ANN control algorithm relies on the linear wave theory and the principle of time-reversal of wave propagation; i.e., the phenomenon of wave absorption corresponds to the wave generation when observed in the reverse direction of time. Through this principle, data from wave generation experiments, after proper manipulation, are used to train an ANN capable of generating the control signal used to move the wave-generator device, this time as a wave absorber
Vulnerabilities in clinician–parent exchanges and the cascade of communication traps: a review
Authors: Ferretti Emanuela , Schoenherr Jordan Richard , Mattiola Alessandra , Daboval Thierry 
Published: April 2022

This review considers parent–clinician interactions that are associated with vulnerabilities in communication and what we refer to as ‘communication traps’. Communication traps are defined by high-stress situations with affect-laden subject matter that can lead to progressively dysfunctional communications/exchanges that are avoidable. While this framework was developed in neonatology, it can be applied to other clinical practices.Communication competencies in paediatrics require the rapid development of a therapeutic alliance between parents and clinicians to ensure the provision of best care to their infants. In order to facilitate parent–clinician communication, our framework focuses clinicians’ attention on the affective, behavioural and cognitive (ABC) cues that are indicative of real, apparent or potential communication traps. Strategies are provided to slow down clinicians’ responses to more effectively consider ABC cues that suggest if patients/parents have failed to engage or disengage from a situation. This framework is illustrated by presenting a narrative synthesised from a number of experiences that clinicians have encountered. This review identifies key decision points in the communication process that, if left unaddressed, can cascade into communication traps which may be difficult to escape.Using results from communication studies and psychological research, our framework was developed to identify key decision points for ABC cues that can be used to prevent falling into communication traps.
Real-world use of once-weekly semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes: pooled analysis of data from four SURE studies by baseline characteristic subgroups
Authors: Yale Jean-François , Bodholdt Ulrik , Catarig Andrei-Mircea , Catrina Sergiu , Clark Alice , Ekberg Neda Rajamand , Erhan Umut , Holmes Patrick , Knudsen Søren Tang , Liutkus Joanne , Sathyapalan Thozhukat , Schultes Bernd , Rudofsky Gottfried 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionThis post hoc pooled analysis of four real-world studies (SURE Canada, Denmark/Sweden, Switzerland and UK) aimed to characterize the use of once-weekly (OW) semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA), in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Research design and methodsThe Semaglutide Real-world Evidence (SURE) studies had a duration of ~30 weeks. Changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and body weight (BW) were analyzed for the overall population and the following baseline subgroups: GLP-1RA-naïve/GLP-1RA switchers; body mass index <25/≥25–<30/≥30–<35/≥35 kg/m2; age <65/≥65 years; HbA1c<7%/≥7–≤8%/>8–≤9%/>9%; T2D duration <5/≥5–<10/≥10 years. Data for patients achieving treatment targets were analyzed in the overall population and the baseline HbA1c≥7% subgroup.ResultsOf 1212 patients, 960 were GLP-1RA-naïve and 252 had switched to semaglutide from another GLP-1RA. In the overall population, HbA1cwas reduced from baseline to end of study (EOS) by –1.1% point and BW by –4.7 kg; changes were significant for all subgroups. There were significantly larger reductions of HbA1cand BW in GLP-1RA-naïve versus GLP-1RA switchers and larger reductions in HbA1cfor patients with higher versus lower baseline HbA1c. At EOS, 52.6% of patients in the overall population achieved HbA1c<7%. No new safety concerns were identified in any of the completed SURE studies.ConclusionsIn this pooled analysis, patients with T2D initiating OW semaglutide showed significant improvements from baseline to EOS in HbA1cand BW across various baseline subgroups, including patients previously treated with a GLP-1RA other than semaglutide, supporting OW semaglutide use in clinical practice.Trail registration numbersNCT03457012;NCT03631186;NCT03648281;NCT03876015.
Plasma C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein-3 concentrations are associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Lin Ke , Yang Liu , Xiong Yuyuan , Feng Keduo , Zeng Wang , Deng Bo 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionTo analyze the associations of circulating C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein-3 (CTRP3) concentrations with several metabolic parameters and to investigate the possible role of CTRP3 in subjects with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).Research design and methodsA total of 347 participants were recruited in this study, and plasma CTRP3 concentrations were analyzed in subjects with DPN (n=172) and without DPN (non-DPN, n=175). The nerve conduction test and oral glucose tolerance test were performed, and Neuropathy Symptom Score (NSS)/Neuropathy Disability Score (NDS) and biochemical parameters were measured in all participants.ResultsPlasma CTRP3 concentrations were significantly lower in patients with DPN compared with those in patients with diabetes without DPN (p<0.01), despite the comparable glucose and lipid metabolism levels in both groups. Groups with a higher plasma CTRP3 level had a faster nerve conduction velocity. In addition, plasma CTRP3 concentrations were negatively correlated with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), urea acid (UA), triglyceride, NSS and NDS (p<0.05) after being adjusted for age and sex. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that plasma CTRP3 concentrations were significantly correlated with DPN after being controlled for age, sex, body mass index, HbA1c, blood pressure, lipid profiles, and renal function.ConclusionsPlasma CTRP3 concentrations were significantly lower in patients with DPM and positively correlated with nerve conduction velocity. The relationship between CTRP3 levels and DPN is independent of the glucose and lipid status. Therefore, circulating CTRP3 might serve as a predictor of impairment of nerve conduction in patients with DPN.
Effect of social distancing on injury incidence during the COVID-19 pandemic: an interrupted time-series analysis
Authors: Cho Yong Soo , Ro Young Sun , Park Jeong Ho , Moon Sungwoo 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effects of social distancing on the incidence and characteristics of injuries during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design and settingThis cross-sectional study used the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS) database.ParticipantsInjured patients who visited all 402 emergency departments (EDs) between 29 February and 29 May 2020 (after-distancing), and in the corresponding period in 2019 (before distancing) to control for seasonal influences.Outcome measuresThe study outcome was the incidence of injury. Using the interrupted time-series analysis models, we analysed weekly trends of study outcomes in both periods (before and after distancing), the step change (the effect of intervention), and the slope change over two periods (the change in the effect over time).ResultsThe incidence rates of injury per 100 000 person-days were 11.2 and 8.6 in the before-distancing and after-distancing periods, respectively. In the after-distancing period, the incidence rate of injury decreased (step change −3.23 (95% CI −4.34 to −2.12) per 100 000 person-days) compared with the before-distancing period, while the slope change was 0.10 (95% CI 0.04 to 0.24). The incidence rate ratios of all injuries and intentional injuries for the after-distancing period were 0.67 (95% CI 0.60 to 0.75) and 1.28 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.40), respectively, compared with the before-distancing period.ConclusionsFewer injuries occurred after the implementation of social distancing programme compared with the same period in the previous year. However, this effect gradually decreased postimplementation.
Impact of family presence during cardiopulmonary resuscitation on team performance and perceived task load: a prospective randomised simulator-based trial
Authors: Willmes Mareike , Sellmann Timur , Semmer Norbert , Tschan Franziska , Wetzchewald Dietmar , Schwager Heidrun , Russo S G , Marsch Stephan 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesGuidelines recommend family presence to be offered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Data on the effects of family presence on the quality of CPR and rescuers’ workload and stress levels are sparse and conflicting. This randomised trial investigated the effects of family presence on quality of CPR, and rescuers’ perceived stress.DesignProspective randomised single-blind trial.SettingVoluntary workshops of educational courses.Participants1085 physicians (565 men) randomised to 325 teams entered the trial. 318 teams completed the trial without protocol violation.InterventionsTeams were randomised to a family presence group (n=160) or a control group (n=158) and to three versions of leadership: (a) designated at random, (b) designated by the team or (c) left open. Thereafter, teams were confronted with a simulated cardiac arrest which was video-recorded. Trained actors played a family member according a scripted role.Main outcome measuresThe primary endpoint was hands-on time. Secondary outcomes included interaction time, rescuers’ perceived task load and adherence to CPR algorithms.ResultsTeams interacted with the family member during 24 (17–36) % of the time spent for resuscitation. Family presence had no effect on hands-on time (88% (84%–91%) vs 89% (85%–91%); p=0.18). Family presence increased frustration (60 (30–75) vs 45 (30–70); p<0.001) and perceived temporal (75 (55–85) vs 70 (50–80); p=0.001) and mental demands (75 (60–85) vs 70 (55–80); p=0.009), but had no relevant effect on CPR performance markers. Leadership condition had no effects.ConclusionsInteracting with a family member occupied about a quarter of the time spent for CPR. While this additional task was associated with an increase in frustration and perceived temporal and mental demands, family presence had no relevant negative effect on the quality of CPR.Trial registration numberDRKS00024759.
Use of technology to prevent, detect, manage and control hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review
Authors: Stokes Katy , Oronti Busola , Cappuccio Francesco P , Pecchia Leandro 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo identify and assess the use of technologies, including mobile health technology, internet of things (IoT) devices and artificial intelligence (AI) in hypertension healthcare in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesMedline, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science.Eligibility criteriaStudies addressing outcomes related to the use of technologies for hypertension healthcare (all points in the healthcare cascade) in SSA.MethodsDatabases were searched from inception to 2 August 2021. Screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were done in duplicate. Data were extracted on study design, setting, technology(s) employed and outcomes. Blood pressure (BP) reduction due to intervention was extracted from a subset of randomised controlled trials. Methodological quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.Results1717 hits were retrieved, 1206 deduplicated studies were screened and 67 full texts were assessed for eligibility. 22 studies were included, all reported on clinical investigations. Two studies were observational, and 20 evaluated technology-based interventions. Outcomes included BP reduction/control, treatment adherence, retention in care, awareness/knowledge of hypertension and completeness of medical records. All studies used mobile technology, three linked with IoT devices. Short Message Service (SMS) was the most popular method of targeting patients (n=6). Moderate BP reduction was achieved in three randomised controlled trials. Patients and healthcare providers reported positive perceptions towards the technologies. No studies using AI were identified.ConclusionsThere are a range of successful applications of key enabling technologies in SSA, including BP reduction, increased health knowledge and treatment adherence following targeted mobile technology interventions. There is evidence to support use of mobile technology for hypertension management in SSA. However, current application of technologies is highly heterogeneous and key barriers exist, limiting efficacy and uptake in SSA. More research is needed, addressing objective measures such as BP reduction in robust randomised studies.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020223043.
Using human-centred design to tackle COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy for children and youth: a protocol for a mixed-methods study in Montreal, Canada
Authors: McKinnon Britt , Abalovi Krystelle , Vandermorris Ashley , Dubé Ève , Tuong Nguyen Cat , Billou Niels , Fortin Geneviève , Parvez Maryam , Senga Joyeuse , Abou-malhab Joe , Antoine Bellamy Medjine , Quach Caroline , Zinszer Kate 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionTo successfully combat COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and increase uptake, research has demonstrated that interventions are most effective when tailored to meet local needs through active engagement and co-development with communities. This mixed-methods project uses a human-centred design (HCD) approach to understand local perspectives of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and develop strategies to enhance vaccine confidence for children and adolescents.Methods and analysisProject ECHO (Étude Communautaire sur l’Hésitation vaccinale contre la COVID-19) combines population-based surveys of parents and adolescents with community-based participatory action research to design and pilot strategies to enhance COVID-19 vaccine confidence in two underserved and ethnoculturally diverse neighbourhoods of Montreal, Canada. Two surveys conducted 6 months apart through primary and secondary schools are used to monitor vaccine acceptance and its social determinants among children and youth. Analyses of survey data include descriptive and inferential statistical approaches. Community-led design teams of parents and youth from the two participating neighbourhoods, supported by academic researchers, design thinking experts and community partners, use an HCD approach to: (1) gather data to understand COVID-19 vaccine decision-making among parents and youth in their community and frame a design challenge (inspiration phase); (2) develop an intervention to address the design challenge (ideation phase) and (3) pilot the intervention (implementation phase). Strategies to evaluate the community-led interventions will be co-developed during the implementation phase.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the research ethics boards of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital Centre and the University of Montreal. Community design teams will be involved in the dissemination of findings and the design of knowledge translation initiatives that foster dialogue related to COVID-19 vaccination for children and adolescents among community, school and public health stakeholders. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations, community forums, policy briefs, and social media content.
Vision tests on spectacle lenses and contact lenses for optical myopia correction: a pilot study
Authors: Kaymak Hakan , Neller Kai , Schütz Saskia , Graff Birte , Sickenberger Wolfgang , Langenbucher Achim , Seitz Berthold , Schwahn Hartmut 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveVisual performance and short-term tolerability of different designs of myopia correcting options, including therapeutically relevant bifocal contact lenses (CL) and spectacle lenses with ‘defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS)’ technology were compared.Methods and analysisIn myopic volunteering subjects (n=8; spherical equivalent range: −1 to −7 D) visual acuity (VA) using Landolt C and contrast sensitivity (CS) using contrast C were assessed at three different gaze positions (−22° nasal, +22° temporal and 0° central), corresponding to a gaze through the DIMS area or the clear area of the DIMS lens design, respectively, after short-term wear of each of single vision spectacle lenses (SV), DIMS spectacle lenses (DIMS), monofocal soft CL and centre-near multifocal soft CL (MCL). Also, CS was assessed under photopic and mesopic light conditions with and without glare using sinusoidal gratings at 1.5, 3, 6, 12 and 18 cpd.ResultsMean VA (Landolt C) was −0.12 to –0.10, −0.05 and 0.10 logMAR (SV, DIMS, CL, MCL) at central gaze (0°). At nasal gaze (−22°), VA differed by 0.12, 0.33, 0.05 and 0.01, and at temporal gaze (+22°) by 0.05, 0.26, 0 and −0.08 compared with central gaze values. Mean CS (Contrast C) was 1.74, 1.73, 1.69 and 1.61 logCS (SV, DIMS, CL, MCL) at central gaze at nasal gaze, CS differed by −0.02 to –0.13, −0.01 and −0.01, and at temporal gaze by −0.02 to –0.16, −0.01 and +0.06 compared with central gaze values.ConclusionWhen compared with SV, MCL leads to a general decrease in VA and CS, while DIMS did not differ from SV at straight gaze (0° gaze). With DIMS, VA and CS are decreased to a similar level as with the MCL, but only at nasal and temporal gaze.