bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of native canine skin color by smartphone‐based dermatoscopy
Authors: Cugmas Blaž , Štruc Eva , Kovče Urška , Lužar Katja , Olivry Thierry 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundHuman skin color, predominantly determined by the chromophores of melanin, hemoglobin, and exogenous carotenoids, is often measured to serve various medical and cosmetic applications. Although colorimetry has been used to evaluate the skin erythema in allergic dogs, the native canine skin color remains unknown.MethodsWe measured the skin color in 101 healthy dogs using a calibrated optical system with a smartphone and a mobile dermatoscope DermLite DL1. The results were retrieved in the CIELAB color system and compared to the human color ranges.ResultsThe lightness (L*) of canine skin ranged from 28.5 to 78.3, which is slightly broader than that of human skin. There was a difference of 3.9 in redness (a*) between canine and human skin, but this variation could be attributed to the similarly valued colorimetric error of the optical system. Nonetheless, the skin yellowness was significantly different for dogs and humans (respective median b* of 12.3 versus 16.6, p < 0.01). This difference might be due to canids not being able to accumulate typically yellowish carotenoids. Furthermore, the native canine skin color did not exhibit a typical dependence between the coordinates of lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*), known as the individual typology angle, °ITA.ConclusionWe reported the first dataset of the native canine skin color in the CIELAB color space. We discovered a similarity in skin lightness and a difference in skin yellowness. However, further studies are needed for a more precise comparison of skin redness.
Diversification in and around the Atlas Mountains: Insights into the systematics and biogeography of the genus Thalpomena (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Oedipodinae)
Authors: Dey Lara‐Sophie , Hochkirch Axel , Moussi Abdelhamid , Simões Marianna V. P. , Husemann Martin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe genus Thalpomena Saussure comprises nine species and four subspecies and is largely endemic to the Atlas Mountains (North Africa). Here, we used an evolutionary taxonomic approach to differentiate the species of the genus Thalpomena and to reconstruct their biogeographic history. Phylogenetic tree reconstruction based on five molecular markers revealed four distinct clades within the genus Thalpomena. These are not fully in line with the current taxonomy but rather seem to represent lineages defined by their distribution and hind wing banding patterns. All lineages are geographically separated and can be distinguished based on genetic, morphometric and ecological modelling data. Ancestral area reconstruction suggests an origin of the species in the southern regions of the Atlas Mountains (High Atlas to Aures Mountains). Molecular clock analysis promotes the glacial refugia theory, supporting the origin of Thalpomena in the Pliocene, followed by diversification events in the Pleistocene.
Challenges to dietary hypertension self‐management as described by a sample of African American older adults
Authors: Jones Lenette M. , Moss Karen O. , Mitchell Jamie , Still Carolyn , Hawkins Jaclynn , Tang Emily , Wright Kathy D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundHypertension rates are disproportionately higher among Black or African Americans (Black/African American) compared to other racial and ethnic groups in the United States. However, research on self‐management strategies to control hypertension through healthy eating such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and ketogenic diets has underexplored the use of dietary strategies among older Black/African American adults. In reporting contemporary challenges with implementing dietary strategies targeting blood pressure control among Black/African American older adults living with hypertension, this study addresses a clear need.AimsPrior research has only partially addressed the challenges older Black/African Americans face in implementing and maintaining dietary strategies to control hypertension, therefore the current study aimed to address this gap by reporting contemporary challenges, as reported by a sample of Black/African American older adults living with hypertension.MethodsNineteen Black/African American older adults living with hypertension participated in a focus group. An interview guide with open‐ended questions on dietary approaches to self‐management hypertension was used to guide data collection. Responses were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim, and interpreted using qualitative thematic analysis.ResultsStudy participants were 71.6 years (SD = 8.3), 87.1% were women, and all were self‐identified as Black/African American. Overall, participants shared that they were interested in improving their hypertension self‐management skills. They expressed uncertainty about dietary strategies related in part to a lack of knowledge about incorporating or excluding certain foods and adhering to complex dietary recommendations. Participants also related financial concerns about accessing the recommended foods to control hypertension and expressed confusion about how to manage hypertension alongside other comorbidities.Linking Evidence to ActionThis study highlights several barriers that Black/African American older adults face (lack of dietary knowledge, lack of financial resources, and unique barriers to managing multiple comorbid health conditions), which often pose simultaneous and intersecting barriers to managing hypertension using existing evidence‐based dietary strategies.
Aerobic Capacity Determines Habitual Walking Acceleration, Not Electromyography-Indicated Relative Effort
Authors: Pesola Arto J. , Rantalainen Timo , Gao Ying , Finni Taija 
Published: January 2022

Objective: Habitual walking is important for health and can be measured with accelerometry, but accelerometry does not measure physiological effort relative to capacity. We compared accelerometer-measured absolute intensity and electromyography (EMG)-measured relative muscle activity between people with low versus excellent aerobic fitness levels during their habitual walking. Methods: Forty volunteers (19 women; age 49.3 ± 17.1 years, body mass index 24.0 ± 2.6 kg/m2; peak oxygen uptake 40.3 ± 12.5 ml/kg/min) wore EMG-shorts and a hip-worn accelerometer simultaneously for 11.6 ± 2.2 hr on 1.7 ± 1.1 days. Continuous gait bouts of at least 5-min duration were identified based on acceleration mean amplitude deviation (MAD, in milli gravitational acceleration, mg) and mean EMG amplitude, with EMG normalized to maximal isometric knee extension and flexion (EMG, in percentage of maximal voluntary contraction EMG). Peak oxygen uptake was measured on a treadmill and maximal strength in isometric leg press (leg press max). MAD and EMG were compared between age- and sex-specific fitness groups (low-average, good, and excellent) and in linear models. Results: During habitual walking bouts (4.1 ± 4.1 bouts/day, 0.9 ± 1.0 min/bout), the low-average fit participants had an approximately 28% lower MAD (245 ± 64.3 mg) compared with both good fit and excellent fit participants (313 ± 68.1 mg, p < .05), but EMG was the same (13.1% ± 8.42% maximal voluntary contraction EMG, p = .10). Absolute, relative to body mass, and relative to skeletal muscle mass peak oxygen uptake (but not leg press max) was positively associated with MAD independent of age and sex (p < .01), but there were no associations with EMG. Conclusions: People with low-average aerobic capacity habitually walk with a lower accelerometer-measured absolute intensity, but the physiological stimulus for lower-extremity muscles is similar to those with excellent aerobic capacity. This should be considered when measuring and prescribing walking for health.
The Secondary School Curriculum: Teachers’ and Students’ Perspectives
Authors: Banville Dominique , Marttinen Risto , Rodrigues Alba 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the perspective of teachers and students within the same secondary schools on the physical education (PE) curriculum offered. Method: Semistructured interviews with secondary school PE teachers and a focus group with their students were conducted within a large school district located on the east coast of the United States. The collaborative qualitative analysis procedures suggested by Richards and Hemphill were used. Results: Three main themes were identified: (a) fitness with two subthemes of (i) what fitness means and (ii) fitness in PE, (b) the PE curriculum, and (c) curriculum decisions. Discussion/Conclusion: Teachers discussed wanting students to be active and improve their cardiovascular fitness and, from their own account and that of their students, acknowledged “rolling the ball out” so that students could play and not be bothered with drills and learning tasks. This lack of instruction, unfortunately, left low-skilled students more vulnerable.
Considering the κ − µ fading channels adopted in multiple antennas downlink non-orthogonal multiple access
Authors: Le Chi- Bao , Nguyen Hong- Nhu , Nguyen Ngoc- Long , Voznak Miroslav , Nguyen Nhan Duc 
Published: January 2022

Massive connectivity and effective spectrum usage have become more important as the use of wireless communication devices and networks has grown dramatically. The approach of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is advocated as a viable solution for meeting consumers’ current needs. The signals are overlaid with various power levels for each user in a NOMA-assisted system, and then broadcast to the receiver. SIC (successive interference cancellation) is used by the receiver to discriminate and get the needed signal. Until far, most studies have concentrated on SIC with ideal features, with only a handful focusing on SIC with imperfect qualities (ipSIC). While the perfect SIC (pSIC) represents the ideal condition of no data loss and no external sounds, the ipSIC represents data transfer in a real-time context. In this research, we will assess the system performance metrics of the investigated NOMA system in the presence of ipSIC and compare them to the performance of the same user’s pSIC. We define channels as κ−µ fading distributions, which is more essential. For two destinations, we construct accurate outage probability formulas. Meanwhile, Monte-Carlo simulations are run to ensure that the mathematical expressions derived are genuine.
Comparative characterization of microstrip patch antenna array with defected ground structure for biomedical application
Authors: Santhanam Suganthi , Palavesam Thiruvalar Selvan 
Published: January 2022

In this paper, microstrip dual band antenna array with defected ground structure has been proposed for low frequency wearable on-body applications. The array has been simulated with Cotton, Polyimide, Polyester and Teflon (PTFE) flexible materials which are mostly used for biomedical applications. The performance of 2x2 trapezoidal patch array with partial ground, thin slot defection at center has been studied in terms of return loss, VSWR, power handling capability, radiation pattern and surface current distribution. All substrates exhibits acceptable fractional bandwidth below -10 dB and Cotton proves its superiority than other substrates with -20 dB and -48 dB return loss with 16.12% and 7.73% bandwidth at 1.24 GHz and 1.94 GHz respectively. The proper matching of array has been proved with VSWR value below 1.3 for all substrates. The observation of input port impedance shows that, Cotton array has good impedance matching nearly to 50 Ω and PTFE array has 100 Ω poor impedance matching. The proposed four flexible array exhibit omnidirectional pattern in H plane with 1.43 dBi gain and bidirectional pattern in E plane with 1.4 dBi gain which are support for ideal fitness of proposed flexible material array for medical applications.
A New Style of Working: Imposed Teleworking in the Context of the covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Yildirim Galip Emre 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the context of the covid-19 pandemic, teleworking has largely become a useful model of work for many employees, managers and employers. This new style of working can be easily distinguished from traditional telework habits, especially by its imposed character. For this reason, this paper attempts to develop the term “imposed telework,” which has deeply changed the established habitual routines of employees who have never or rarely ever engaged in telework, in order to test the possibility of quasi-permanent teleworking instead of the full-time office-bound work style. Therefore, a generalization of a quasi-permanent teleworking method would be that it is a new, more environmentally-compatible professional mode; however, are employees ready for such change? This research, comprising 73 participants from France, Italy, and Turkey, clearly showed that it is too soon to generalize such a new professional model, owing to the difficulties that the participants faced, such as isolation, absenteeism, work/life conflicts, etc., even if their productivity increment was recorded.
US college women’s understandings of definitions of intimate partner violence
Authors: Rich Rebecca , Evans Jennifer L. , Klimek Sally , Wilson Lucy 
Published: January 2022

Objective: Past research suggests students have differing definitions of sexual assault, violence and intimate partner violence (IPV). To adequately develop violence prevention efforts, it is important to examine how college students understand these terms and associated behaviours. The purpose of this study was to identify which behaviours are categorised as IPV by college women and whether there are any ‘grey areas’ when it comes to IPV. Design: A three-phase e-Delphi study was conducted with US college women to reach consensus on the behaviours commonly associated with IPV. Setting: The study was conducted in one large, Southeastern USA university. Method: In a first phase of work, participants answered open-ended questions about the behaviours they associated with IPV and related terms. In phase 2, participants categorised the behaviours identified in phase 1. In phase 3, consensus was reached by the 12 women who completed all three phases of work. Results: Women agreed on a list of 45 behaviours that constitute IPV as well as behaviours that fall into a ‘grey area’, with many of the latter occurring between boyfriends/girlfriends. Conclusion: Findings from the study contribute to the current knowledge base concerning IPV among US college students and their understanding of which behaviours are acceptable by intimate partners and which are not. Future research is needed with a larger more representative sample to extend the current findings. However, interim findings can be used to drive future research and may provide some insight into current student perceptions of IPV.
Exploring the relationship between systemic lupus erythematosus and osteoporosis based on bioinformatics
Authors: Han Jie , Ren Guowu , Xu Zhiwei , Qi Wen , Shang Yuzhi , Wen Shuaibo , Luo Yehao 
Published: January 2022

Objective This study aimed to explore the relationship between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and osteoporosis (OP) based on bioinformatics. Methods The expression profiles of SLE and OP gene chips were searched through the GEO database, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out to obtain the intersection. Then, the Funrich software was used to predict the upstream miRNAs of the intersection genes, and the miRNA–mRNA relationship network was constructed. Afterward, the String database and Cytoscape software were used to construct the protein interaction network of the intersection genes to screen out the key genes. Finally, the functions and related pathways of key genes were analyzed by using the DAVID database. Results ①A total of 140 intersection genes of SLE and OP were obtained; ②There were 217 miRNAs regulating the intersection genes; ③IL-4, FOS, TLR1, TLR6, CD40LG, CCR1 were the key genes in the protein interaction network; ④The DAVID enrichment analysis mainly covered the positive regulation of cytokine production, the regulation of osteoclast differentiation, macrophage activation and other biological processes, involving Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, T cell receptor signaling pathway, Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells Differentiation, IL-17 signaling pathway. Conclusions SLE and OP still have some highly overlapping differential gene expressions under the background of complex gene networks. The gene functions and signaling pathways involved can simultaneously regulate the two diseases, suggesting that there is a close relationship between the molecular mechanisms of the two diseases, and that it may be a target of drugs that interfere with two diseases at the same time.
Friendship quality among autistic and non-autistic (pre-) adolescents: Protective or risk factor for mental health?
Authors: O’Connor Rachel A.G. , van den Bedem Neeltje , Blijd-Hoogewys Els M.A. , Stockmann Lex , Rieffe Carolien 
Published: January 2022

Autistic (pre-) adolescents are often misunderstood by their peers, which can lead to challenges within their friendships. Yet, friendships play an important role in our psychological wellbeing, whereby in the non-autistic population good quality friendships usually protect against mental health difficulties, whereas conflictual friendships increase the risk. The present study investigated positive and negative friendship quality in autistic and non-autistic (pre-) adolescents. Furthermore, the relations between positive friendship quality and negative friendship quality with anxiety and depressive symptoms were examined. Participants were 306 autistic and non-autistic (pre-) adolescents aged 9–16 ( M = 11.69 years; SD = 1.33 years). Our results demonstrated that autistic (pre-) adolescents reported lower positive friendship quality than their non-autistic peers, while no group or gender differences were observed for negative friendship quality than non-autistic boys. For the whole sample, positive friendship quality was associated with fewer depressive symptoms, while the opposite was true for negative friendship quality. For autistic girls only, higher positive friendship quality was related to more symptoms of anxiety. These outcomes seem to emphasize the need for supporting the friendships of autistic young people, perhaps by educating non-autistic young people around how to be supportive friends to their autistic peers.Lay abstractAutistic young people are often misunderstood by non-autistic young people, and this can lead to difficulties in their friendships. We know that friendship is very important for our mental health. For non-autistic young people, having good friendships is linked to better mental health and having problems in friendship can cause mental health problems. This study aimed to compare the positive and negative features of friendship that autistic non-autistic young people experience. The study also aimed to understand if having positive or negative friendship features is related to signs of mental health problems (anxiety and depression). 306 young people aged 9–16 took part in this study. These were 86 autistic boys, 18 autistic girls, 91 non-autistic boys and 111 non-autistic girls. The findings of this study showed that autistic young people have less positive friendship features than non-autistic young people. For all young people in the study, having more positive friendship features was related to fewer signs of depression, while having more negative friendship features was related to more signs of depression. Just for autistic girls, having more positive friendship features was related to more signs of anxiety. These findings show that support is needed to help autistic young people have more positive friendships. For example, by teaching non-autistic young people how to be supportive friends to their autistic peers.
Needs of carers participating in support groups and caring for a person with dementia: A focused ethnographic study
Authors: Lauritzen Jette , Sørensen Erik E , Pedersen Preben U , Bjerrum Merete B 
Published: January 2022

Aims The aim is to explore and understand how support group participation meets carers’ perceived needs for information and social and emotional support when caring for a person with dementia who lives at home. Design Focused ethnographic design. Methods Participant observations and semi-structured interviews with 25 carers were conducted. An inductive content analysis of the data was performed. Findings Two themes were identified: “Strengthening the sense of self” and “Managing uncertain benefits.” Conclusion Carers’ level of information about dementia was partly met, thereby strengthening their sense of self and joy. Maintaining shared decision-making in financial matters was viewed as an expression of respect and reciprocity. Getting acquainted with peers and dementia coordinators was viewed as emotional and social support but was also used strategically to gain easier access to health care services. By fulfilling their needs, support group meetings became meaningful, which motivated carers to continue providing care.
On the use of Vibrational Hill Charts for improved condition monitoring and diagnosis of hydraulic turbines
Authors: Zhao Weiqiang , Presas Alexandre , Egusquiza Mònica , Valentín David , Egusquiza Eduard , Valero Carme 
Published: January 2022

To cope with the intermittent power supply of the new renewable energies and demand fluctuations, Francis turbines are required to operate more and more in an extended operating range, far away from the design point. With this operating behavior, it is very complex to interpret the trend of vibration parameters typically used in Condition Monitoring and to define reasonable alarm and trip levels valid for all the operating range of the unit working in steady conditions. As in the efficiency curves of Francis turbines represented as a function of net head and load (Hill Chart), in this paper we propose to represent the most relevant vibration parameters in surfaces, called Vibrational Hill Charts, which allow a more accurate evaluation of the indicators and their trends and a better classification of abnormal values. To show the potential of Vibrational Hill Charts, a complete database obtained after 2 years of monitoring a large Francis Unit (444 MW rated power) has been used. The mapping of the relevant vibration parameters has been performed by means of Artificial Neural Networks. It is shown that by setting the action levels based on the resulting maps, rather than a constant value, a better diagnosis capacity is achieved as the Receiver Operating Characteristic will be improved. Furthermore, phenomena such as erosive cavitation, which is hard to be detected, could be also assessed with the use of multidimensional analysis based on the Vibrational Hill Chart. As a conclusion, with the Vibrational Hill Chart, the condition monitoring and diagnosis of hydraulic turbines could be improved.