bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lortekunst
Authors: Bencard Adam 
Published: October 2022

Lort er liv. Lort markerer vores placering i det store kredsløb, i den flod af organisk liv, der både fordøjer og skaber liv. Som den hollandske fysiolog og materialist Jacob Moleschott skrev i værket Kreislauf des Lebens fra 1852:
Menneskets ekskrementer nærer planten. Planten omdanner luften til stof og nærer dyret. Kødædende dyr spiser planteædere, for derefter selv at gå til grunde og sprede nyt spirende liv i planteverdenen. Denne materielle udveksling er blevet kaldt stofskifte. Vi bør med rette benævne dette ord med en vis ærbødighed. For ligesom udveksling er handlens sjæl, er den evige cirkulation af stof selve verdens sjæl. (Citeret fra Schmidt 1971, 87)
Lort, ligesom livet, er stof, der er skiftet. Lort er transformation, både nedbrydning og genskabelse. Lort er bogstaveligt talt levende, det indeholder trillioner af mikroorganismer, der tilsammen udgør små flerartede økosystemer. Lort er også toksisk og kan sprede sygdomme; i det store kredsløb er den enes lort både potentielt den andens død såvel som brød. Lort er livgivende, men kan også have for meget eller det forkerte liv, hvis det optræder det forkerte sted. Det er intimt, forbudt, hverdagsagtigt, og tabuiseret i højeste potens. Lort bevæger sig på tværs af grænser – liv og død, det private og det offentlige, afsky og fascination, krop og omverden. Det løber, bogstaveligt og metaforisk, som en flod under vores civilisation, allestedsnærværende, men ofte gjort usynligt. Lort er med andre ord prægnant, fyldt med liv, død og energi, på tværs af det materielle og det symbolske.
Samtidskunsthistorie? Noter om samtidskunst og kunsthistoriefaget i dag
Authors: Vest Hansen Malene 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
“Contemporary art history? Notes on contemporary art and art history today” discusses the significant role played by contemporary art in art history as an academic discipline today, based on the understanding of both contemporary art and art history as informing the radical postmodern changes in conceptions of art, history, canon, gender, and colonialism. Taking as a starting point the case of art history at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark since the 1990s and the author’s experiences through more than three decades working as an art historian and art critic, the article draws on specific case studies of contemporary art projects and the art history journal Periskop to argue that contemporary art has played a key role in changing the traditional academic art historical discipline into a “new art history”. Moreover, the essay discusses why an (art) historical perspective is also vital for the contemporary understanding of and working critically with contemporary art by addressing discussions of key ideas formulated by international art historians, including Terry Smith’s “contemporaneity”, Claire Bishop’s “dialectical contemporaneity”, and David Joselit’s “strategies of re-authorization”.
Informed consent in clinical trials
Authors: Kovane G P , Nikoderm V C , Khondowe O 
Published: October 2022

Background. Informed consent (IC) is not only a regulatory but also an ethical requirement to participate in any clinical trial. It is essential to determine that research participants understand what they consent to. Studies that evaluate participants’ understanding of IC conclude that recall and understanding of IC is often low, and researchers recommend that interactive multimedia interventions should be implemented to optimise understanding.
Objectives. To assess participants’ understanding of IC of the research trial that they agreed to participate in.Methods. A descriptive survey design, within a quantitative research approach, was used to conduct the study at two government hospitals in the Eastern Cape Province. A semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information from 170 participants in research studies. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the results.Results. Participants were recruited from among women who enrolled in any of the three studies that were ongoing at the two sites during the recruitment period. The study participants had a mean age of 25.9 years. Nearly one-third (30%) could not recall the purpose of the original trial that they consented to. The concept of randomisation was not understood by any of the participants.Conclusion. Regardless of extensive efforts to ensure that participants understood their participation, this study unveiled poor recall of essential information on IC. It is proposed that IC should be short and only address essential components such as purpose, procedure, possible risks or benefits, alternative options if not participating and explaining the concept of voluntary participation.
Theoretical Foundations of Bringing MFC Employees to Administrative Responsibility: Problems and Solutions
Authors: Yurkova Ol'ga Aleksandrovna 
Published: October 2022

The object of the study is public relations regulating the issues of bringing to administrative responsibility employees of multifunctional centers for the provision of state and municipal services (MFC) on the territory of the Russian Federation. The subject of the study is the regulatory legal regulation of the administrative responsibility of MFC employees. The purpose of the study is to identify the problems of administrative responsibility of MFC employees and to find ways to resolve them legally. The research used scientific-theoretical, scientific-practical, comparative-legal research method, method of comparative-legal analysis, method of legal interpretation, logical and formal-logical research method, objective methods of analysis, etc. The relevance of the topic under consideration lies in the fact that given the huge demand for MFC services in the country (up to 96% of the population coverage), the need for legal regulation of personal data protection, as well as other violations of the procedure for providing state and municipal services, sharply increases. The uncertainty of the legal status of MFC employees is a factor that prevents the legal determination of their responsibility within the framework of the law. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that current scientific research on similar topics has been analyzed, as well as in a new approach to the issue of administrative responsibility from the point of view of the special legal personality of an MFC employee. According to the results of the study, it was found that the legislation on administrative responsibility of MFC employees contains legal conflicts that prevent the appointment of a fair punishment to the subject due to the fact that within the same norm, the same punishment is imposed on subjects who take far from equal participation in the provision of state or municipal services.
Mutual Influence of Woodcut Art of China and the USSR
Authors: Wu Guanwen 
Published: October 2022

The article discusses the features of interaction and mutual influence of the art of woodcut of China and the USSR. Chinese woodcut and Soviet engraving reveal the greatest mutual influence and rich genre palette in the middle of the XX century. Chinese woodcut gave a creative impulse, enriched the visual possibilities, brought new ideas to the Soviet art of woodcut. It served as an impetus for the rise of graphics, which realized and asserted its specificity. In this regard, it seems relevant to identify common features of Chinese woodcut and Soviet engraving of the mid-20th century, as well as to identify differences in the development of this art form in the two countries. The article analyzes the works of famous woodcuts of two countries: Chen Yanqiao, Yang Han, Qi Baishi, V. A. Favorsky, A. A. Ushin. As a result of the analysis, the common features of Chinese woodcut and Soviet engraving of the mid-20th century were revealed, for example, similar plots and themes, as well as a special dynamic, lively and pulsating rhythm of the works. In addition, differences in the development of this type of art in both countries have been established, largely due to the preservation of their own national style by graphic artists. It is claimed that Soviet graphics contributed to the variety of Chinese woodcuts. In turn, Soviet artists adopted the subtleties of filigree technique from Chinese woodcuts.
Image quality improvement in low‐dose chest CT with deep learning image reconstruction
Authors: Tian Qian , Li Xinyu , Li Jianying , Cheng Yannan , Niu Xinyi , Zhu Shumeng , Xu Wenting , Guo Jianxin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the clinical utility of deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) for improving image quality in low‐dose chest CT in comparison with 40% adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction‐Veo (ASiR‐V40%) algorithm.MethodsThis retrospective study included 86 patients who underwent low‐dose CT for lung cancer screening. Images were reconstructed with ASiR‐V40% and DLIR at low (DLIR‐L), medium (DLIR‐M), and high (DLIR‐H) levels. CT value and standard deviation of lung tissue, erector spinae muscles, aorta, and fat were measured and compared across the four reconstructions. Subjective image quality was evaluated by two blind readers from three aspects: image noise, artifact, and visualization of small structures.ResultsThe effective dose was 1.03 ± 0.36 mSv. There was no significant difference in CT values of erector spinae muscles and aorta, whereas the maximum difference for lung tissue and fat was less than 5 HU among the four reconstructions. Compared with ASiR‐V40%, the DLIR‐L, DLIR‐M, and DLIR‐H reconstructions reduced the noise in aorta by 11.44%, 33.03%, and 56.1%, respectively, and had significantly higher subjective quality scores in image artifacts (all p < 0.001). ASiR‐V40%, DLIR‐L, and DLIR‐M had equivalent score in visualizing small structures (all p > 0.05), whereas DLIR‐H had slightly lower score.ConclusionsCompared with ASiR‐V40%, DLIR significantly reduces image noise in low‐dose chest CT. DLIR strength is important and should be adjusted for different diagnostic needs in clinical application.
Reliable nonfragile tracking control for switched systems with external disturbances
Authors: Muthusamy Vijayakumar , Rathinasamy Sakthivel , Kong Fanchao , Selvaraj Marshal Anthoni 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWith the assistance of reliable control technique, the nonfragile tracking problem has been proposed in this paper for a class of switched systems with external disturbances under the aegis of modified repetitive controller. Notably, the designed repetitive controller is used to improve the tracking performance of the addressed switched systems. Preciously, the influence of external disturbances are estimated through the improved equivalent‐input‐disturbance strategy, wherein the effect caused by the external disturbances to the output channel are reduced by the aid of modified repetitive control strategy. The fundamental intention of this control synthesis is that the output of the system precisely tracks the reference signal even in the presence of external disturbances and gain fluctuations. For that cause, Lyapunov stability technique in conjunction with average dwell time approach is implemented to obtain adequate conditions in the shape of linear matrix inequalities which insists the exponential stability for the addressed system. Ultimately, the efficiency and supremacy of the proposed control schemes are justified via two numerical examples, wherein it is exposed to view that the developed control strategy is capable of good tracking performance and also estimates the external disturbances efficiently.
Ambipolar Nonvolatile Memory Behavior and Reversible Type‐Conversion in MoSe2/MoSe2 Transistors with Modified Stack Interface
Authors: Kim Taewook , Kang Donghee , Lee Sol , Jeong Yeonsu , Cho Hyunmin , Kim Junho , Bae Heesun , Yi Yeonjin , Kim Kwanpyo , Im Seongil 
Published: October 2022

Abstract2D semiconductor devices have been studied due to their unique potential in architecture and properties. As one of the unique devices approaches, 2D hetero‐stack channel field‐effect transistors (FETs) have recently been reported, but homo‐stack FETs are rare to find. Here, MoSe2/MoSe2 homo‐stack transistors are rather fabricated for study. Unlike the equivalently‐thick single MoSe2 FET, homo‐stack FETs show n‐type memory behavior that originates from stack interface‐induced traps. Particularly, when their stack interfaces are engineered by surface oxidation of bottom MoSe2, more stable nonvolatile memory behavior turns out. Short‐term ultraviolet ozone (UVO)‐induced oxidation only results in n‐type memory, but 15 min‐long oxidation surprisingly enables both n‐ and p‐type nonvolatile memory behavior due to nm‐thin MoOx embedded between upper and lower MoSe2. Furthermore, by alternating gate voltage pulse to the 15 min‐long UVO‐treated FETs, channel polarity conversion appears reversible in a small gate voltage (VGS) sweep range, which means that the channel type of a transistor can be reversibly modulated via stack interface engineering. It is believed that homo‐stack interface engineering must be one of the approaches to maximize the potential of 2D devices.
From Amorphous to Polycrystalline Rubrene: Charge Transport in Organic Semiconductors Paralleled with Silicon
Authors: Euvrard Julie , Gunawan Oki , Kahn Antoine , Rand Barry P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhile progress has been made in the design of organic semiconductors (OSCs) with improved transport properties, the understanding of the mechanisms involved is still limited, hindering further development. In this study, the interplay between structural order and transport considering one single OSC, analogous to past research on silicon is investigated. Rubrene (C42H28) is selected as it spans transport mechanisms from thermally activated hopping in its amorphous form to band‐like in highly ordered crystals in the orthorhombic polymorph. Transport characterizations including variable temperature conductivity, advanced Hall effect, and magnetoresistance measurements are performed on rubrene films with varying levels of order (polycrystalline vs amorphous), crystal phase (orthorhombic vs triclinic), and morphologies (platelet‐like vs spherulitic grains). A conductivity tuning range over four orders of magnitude between polycrystalline (platelet‐like) orthorhombic and amorphous films is reported. As observed in silicon, transport in polycrystalline orthorhombic rubrene is limited by energy barriers at grain boundaries. Additionally, a gradual transition from predominantly band‐like to predominantly hopping transport with increasing disorder, reminiscent of observations in silicon is shown. Nevertheless, OSCs differ from covalently bonded silicon by their weak intermolecular interaction. This study highlights that molecular packing must be optimized in OSCs to favor advantageous π‐orbital overlap and optimized transport properties.
Regulation of Synovial Macrophages Polarization by Mimicking Efferocytosis for Therapy of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Yang Hongbin , Yu Zhenyan , Ji Shuaishuai , Yan Jie , kong Yan , Huo Qiang , Zhang Zhijun , Niu Yimin , Liu Yang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe progression of osteoarthritis is associated with chronic synovitis caused by synovial macrophage infiltration and proinflammatory M1 polarization. Accordingly, repolarization of macrophages from the M1 to M2 phenotype by nanoagents is proposed as a potential treatment strategy. However, achieving adequate effects using intra‐articular injected agents is challenging due to the rapid drug clearance from the joint space and poor efficiency of nanoparticles endocytosis by synovial macrophage cells. Herein, apoptotic chondrocyte membrane‐coated, quercetin‐loaded metal‐organic framework nanoparticles as immunomodulators for treating osteoarthritis are reported. The apoptotic chondrocyte membrane‐camouflaged nanoparticles containing various natural “eat me” signals can be easily disguised as chondrocyte apoptotic bodies in the joints, and thus are more easily phagocytized by synovial macrophages similarly to efferocytosis. Furthermore, the released quercetin promotes the polarization of synovial macrophages to the M2 phenotype and also inhibites the apoptosis of articular chondrocytes. In vivo results suggest that such a “Trojan horse” strategy can extend the retention time of nanoparticles in osteoarthritis joints and improve treatment efficacy. Collectively, it is hoped that this study can offer a potential and universal platform for engineered cell membrane‐coated nanoparticles to resolve inflammation by simulating specific inflammatory processes.
Developing High‐Performance Metal Selenides for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hao Zhiqiang , Shi Xiaoyan , Yang Zhuo , Li Lin , Chou Shu‐Lei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) show tremendous potential for large‐scale energy storage systems due to the high abundance of sodium resources and potentially low cost. Among the discovered anode materials for SIBs, metal selenides with large theoretical capacities are considered as a promising candidate. Nevertheless, metal selenide‐based anodes are trapped by poor ionic/electronic conductivity, low initial Coulombic efficiency, and drastic volume changes during the (de)sodiation process. Herein, the differences in sodium‐storage mechanisms of different metal selenides are first analyzed. Subsequently, the specific challenges and corresponding modification strategies (such as nanostructure design, carbon modification, potential window regulation, electrolyte optimization, and constructing heterostructures) for metal selenides as SIB anodes are discussed in detail, and recent advances are also presented. Finally, the potential research directions of metal selenides in SIBs are comprehensively reviewed. It is believed that this review can provide constructive comments on the optimization and large‐scale application of high‐performance metal selenide‐based anode for SIBs.
A Thiourea Competitive Crystallization Strategy for FA‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Sun Qihang , Tuo Binyang , Ren Ziqiu , Xue Tangyue , Zhang Yiqiang , Ma Junjie , Li Pengwei , Song Yanlin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe solution process of perovskite solar cells may lead to widespread defects in the device, causing severe nonradiative recombination and the loss of conversion efficiency. Herein, a strategy of embedding thiourea into perovskite to manipulate the crystallization process and passivate the defects simultaneously is demonstrated. A competitive crystallization mechanism by embedding thiourea into perovskite has been proposed for the improvement of morphology and crystallinity. The defects in the device have been dramatically decreased by the strong coordination of CS bond in thiourea with the undercoordinated Pb2+. Moreover, the bilateral affinity of thiourea to the SnO2 and perovskite can enhance the interface contact by the bridging bonding, which will release the residual stress of perovskite films. As a result, the thiourea‐embedding device achieves a power conversion efficiency over 24% and shows excellent storage and illumination stabilities. Even undergoing 3768 h storage, the maximum efficiency value of unencapsulated device keeps over 94%. Furthermore, the efficiency of the optimized device maintains over 80% after 120 h continuous illumination at 60 °C.
Homogeneous Metallic Deposition Regulated by Porous Framework and Selenization Interphase Toward Stable Sodium/Potassium Anodes
Authors: Liu Fanfan , Wang Lifeng , Ling Fangxin , Zhou Xuefeng , Jiang Yu , Yao Yu , Yang Hai , Shao Yu , Wu Xiaojun , Rui Xianhong , He Chuanxin , Yu Yan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSodium (Na) metal has been considered as the most promising anode for achieving next‐generation battery system with high energy density and low cost. Nevertheless, the uncontrolled dendrites growth, infinite volume expansion and unstable solid/electrolyte interphase severely hinder the practical application of Na metal anode. Herein, a functional composite Na anode (Na2Se/Cu@Na) is achieved via infusing molten Na into the porous copper framework modified by cuprous selenide nanosheets. Combining experimental studies and theoretical calculations, the 3D framework and derivatives of Na2Se/Cu can synergistically buffer the volume expansion, redistribute Na+ flux, promote ions migration, and induce uniform Na+ deposition. Benefiting from these merits, the symmetrical cell of Na2Se/Cu@Na demonstrates a stable cycle lifespan over 500 h at 1 mA cm−2 in carbonate electrolyte. And the full battery paired with Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode delivers a stable capacity of 97 mAh g−1 after 800 cycles at 10 C. Furthermore, this structured framework can also be employed to construct composite potassium (K) anode and an outstanding cycle performance is achieved in the symmetrical cell (operating for 1000 h at 0.5 mA cm−2). This study paves a significant way of designing structured Na (K) metal anodes for synergistically improving the electrode stability.
Phthalocyanine Based Metal–Organic Framework Ultrathin Nanosheet for Efficient Photocathode toward Light‐Assisted Li–CO2 Battery
Authors: Wang Jian‐Hui , Li Shan , Chen Yifa , Dong Long‐Zhang , Liu Ming , Shi Jing‐Wen , Li Shun‐Li , Lan Ya‐Qian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLight‐assisted Li–CO2 battery, emerging as a powerful battery‐technology to utilize light‐energy, has attracted much attention yet it is still limited by the lack of efficient photocathode catalysts toward simultaneously promoted CO2 activation/evolution processes. Here, a kind of phthalocyanine‐based metal–organic framework nanosheet (CoPc–Mn–O) is prepared and applied as efficient photocathode catalyst in light‐assisted Li–CO2 battery. Thus‐produced CoPc–Mn–O shows nanosheet‐morphology (≈1 nm), dual active metal‐sites (i.e., Co–N4 and Mn–O4), high conductivity, and photosensitivity. The resulting battery delivers a high round‐trip efficiency of 98.5% with an ultralow voltage hysteresis of 0.05 V and superior cycling‐stability (81.3%) for 60 h at 0.02 mA cm−2, which is represented to be one of the best photo‐cathodes to date. Density functional theory calculations and characterizations prove that the presence of photosensitive CoPc–Mn–O with dual active metal‐sites endows an activation energy (3.2 eV) for CO2 activation under light condition and simultaneously promote the CO2 evolution to enhance the battery efficiency.
A Portable Fluorescence Sensor with Improved Performance for Aniline Monitoring
Authors: Gao Xinxiang , Huang Rongrong , Fang Wan , Huang Wei , Yin Zihao , Liu Yue , Huang Xinyu , Ding Liping , Peng Haonan , Fang Yu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAniline is an important biomarker in human exhaled breath for lung cancer, thus aniline sensing is of paramount importance. However, highly sensitive and selective detection of aniline in high moisture environment of exhaled breath is still challenging. In this work, a new fluorescence sensor for aniline with ultrahigh sensitivity is constructed. The o‐carborane modified pyromellitic diimide derivative (CB‐PMI) is designed and prepared as the sensitive layer for the fluorescence sensor. As‐prepared sensing films exhibit a highly improved response toward aniline vapor. The good sensing performance of the fluorescence films in terms of response speed, selectivity, and reusability is also realized, and the detection limit can be as low as 0.1 ppt. The detection linear slope ranges from 1 to 50 ppt. In addition, a homemade portable sensing platform is successfully constructed, which may be a promising prototype for the future detection of modulating breath samples. The reported fluorescence sensor offers a new paradigm for the simple, low cost, and noninvasive diagnosis of lung cancer.