bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The course of acute pancreatitis in children and potential simple laboratory markers of severity – A single Centre retrospective study
Authors: Kwiatek‐Średzińska Kamila , Kiryłowska Martyna , Uścinowicz Mirosława , Daniluk Urszula , Lebensztejn Dariusz 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the usefulness of routinely measured biochemical and complete blood count parameters as potential markers of the severity of paediatric acute pancreatitis (AP).MethodsThe retrospective study included children with AP hospitalised over a 3 years period. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected.ResultsIn total, 55 patients were enrolled in the study. Mild AP was diagnosed in 45 children (82%), moderately severe in 7 (13%), and severe in 3 patients (5%). Together 10 children (18%) were categorised into a single severe group. Children with severe AP had higher white blood cell and platelet counts on admission as well as a C‐reactive protein (CRP) concentration after 48 h. The CRP concentration after 48 h (cut‐off: 127.2 mg/L) and the white blood cell count on admission (cut‐off: 13.5x103/μl) were found to be statistically significant markers in predicting the severity of the disease. The CRP concentration after 48 h was demonstrated as an independent predictor.ConclusionSevere AP is observed in a quite significant percentage of children. The white blood cell count on admission and the CRP concentration after 48 h (as an independent predictor) may be potential simple laboratory markers of the severity of the disease.
Impact of similarity on recognition of faces of Black and White targets
Authors: Kawakami Kerry , Vingilis‐Jaremko Larissa , Friesen Justin P. , Meyers Chanel , Fang Xia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOne reason for the persistence of racial inequality may be anticipated dissimilarity with racial outgroups. In the present research, we explored the impact of perceived similarity with White and Black targets on facial identity recognition accuracy. In two studies, participants first completed an ostensible personality survey. Next, in a Learning Phase, Black and White faces were presented on one of three background colours. Participants were led to believe that these colours indicated similarities between them and the target person in the image. Specifically, they were informed that the background colours were associated with the extent to which responses by the target person on the personality survey and their own responses overlapped. In actual fact, faces were randomly assigned to colour. In both studies, non‐Black participants (Experiment 1) and White participants (Experiment 2) showed better recognition of White than Black faces. More importantly in the present context, a positive linear effect of similarity was found in both studies, with better recognition of increasingly similar Black and White targets. The independent effects for race of target and similarity, with no interaction, indicated that participants responded to Black and White faces according to category membership as well as on an interpersonal level related to similarity with specific targets. Together these findings suggest that while perceived similarity may enhance identity recognition accuracy for Black and White faces, it may not reduce differences in facial memory for these racial categories.
Of Course it's Political! A Critical Inquiry into Underemphasized Dimensions in Civic Text Visualization
Authors: Baumer Eric P. S. , Jasim Mahmood , Sarvghad Ali , Mahyar Narges 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecent developments in critical information visualization have brought the field's attention to political, feminist, ethical, and rhetorical aspects of data visualization. However, less work has explored the interplay between design decisions and political ramifications—structures of authority, means of representation, etc. In this paper, we build upon these critical perspectives and highlight the political aspect of civic text visualization especially in the context of democratic decision‐making. Based on a critical analysis of survey papers about text visualization in general, followed by a review on the status quo of text visualization in civics, we argue that civic text visualization inherits an exclusively analytic framing. This framing leads to a series of issues and challenges in the fundamentally political context of civics, such as misinterpretation of data, missing minority voices, and excluding the public from decision making processes. To span this gap between political context and analytic framing, we provide a series of two‐pole conceptual dimensions, such as from singular user to multiple relationships, and from complexity to inclusivity of visualization design. For each dimension, we discuss how the tensions between these poles can help surface the political ramifications of design decisions in civic text visualization. These dimensions can thus help visualization researchers, designers, and practitioners attend more intentionally to these political aspects and inspire their design choices. We conclude by suggesting that these dimensions may be useful for visualization design across a variety of application domains, beyond civic text visualization.
Competition and health‐care spending: Theory and application to Certificate of Need laws
Authors: Bailey James , Hamami Tom 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHospitals and other health‐care providers in 34 states must obtain a Certificate of Need (CON) from a state board before opening or expanding, leading to reduced competition. We develop a theoretical model of how market concentration affects health‐care spending. Our theoretical model shows that increases in concentration, such as those brought about by CON, can either increase or decrease spending. Our model predicts that CON is more likely to increase spending in markets in which costs are low and patients are sicker. We test our model using spending data from the Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS).
Borderline personality features among individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR‐P): A brief report
Authors: West Michelle L. , Guest Ryan M. , Carmel Adam , Madigan Ryan , Yen Shirley 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimThis exploratory study reports on borderline symptomatology within a sample of individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR‐P) through a validated, self‐report instrument, the short version of the Borderline Symptom List (BSL‐23).MethodsThe sample consisted of 44 help‐seeking CHR‐P youth (ages 14–29 years) who completed an initial evaluation at a specialized clinic for psychosis‐risk.ResultsThe mean BSL‐23 score was 1.5 (SD = 1.0, range 0.1–4.0). Higher scores were strongly associated with greater reported depressive symptoms (r = 0.84, p < 0.001). Additionally, borderline symptoms associated with attenuated positive symptoms (r = 0.32, p = 0.034) and social anxiety (r = 0.34, p = 0.027). Borderline symptomatology was not associated with role or social functioning.ConclusionsThis study is one of the first examinations of borderline symptomatology within a CHR‐P sample through a validated self‐report measure. Future research replicating these results is required to determine their robustness.
Clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential and impaired kidney function—A Danish general population study with 11 years follow‐up
Authors: Larsen Morten K. , Skov Vibe , Kjær Lasse , Møller‐Palacino Natascha A. , Pedersen Rasmus K. , Andersen Morten , Ottesen Johnny T. , Cordua Sabrina , Poulsen Henrik E. , Dahl Morten , Knudsen Trine A. , Eickhardt‐Dalbøge Christina Schjellerup , Koschmieder Steffen , Pedersen Kasper M. , Çolak Yunus , Bojesen Stig E. , Nordestgaard Børge G. , Stiehl Thomas , Hasselbalch Hans C. , Ellervik Christina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe myeloproliferative neoplasms are associated with chronic kidney disease but whether clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is associated with impaired kidney function is unknown. In the Danish General Suburban Population Study (N = 19 958) from 2010 to 2013, 645 individuals were positive for JAK2V617F (N = 613) or CALR (N = 32) mutations. Mutation‐positive individuals without haematological malignancy were defined as having CHIP (N = 629). We used multiple and inverse probability weighted (IPW)‐adjusted linear regression analysis to estimate adjusted mean (95% confidence interval) differences in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; ml/min/1.73 m2) by mutation status, variant allele frequency (VAF%), blood cell counts, and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR). We performed 11‐year longitudinal follow‐up of eGFR in all individuals. Compared to CHIP‐negative individuals, the mean differences in eGFR were −5.6 (−10.3, −0.8, p = .02) for CALR, −11.9 (−21.4, −2.4, p = 0.01) for CALR type 2, and −10.1 (−18.1, −2.2, p = .01) for CALR with VAF ≥ 1%. The IPW‐adjusted linear regression analyses showed similar results. NLR was negatively associated with eGFR. Individuals with CALR type 2 had a worse 11‐year longitudinal follow‐up on eGFR compared to CHIP‐negative individuals (p = .004). In conclusion, individuals with CALR mutations, especially CALR type 2, had impaired kidney function compared to CHIP‐negative individuals as measured by a lower eGFR at baseline and during 11‐year follow‐up.
A method for introducing mode II dissipation energy into mixed fracture analyses
Authors: Blanco Sergio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a methodology to consider the mode II fracture energy density in those analyses in which the phenomenon of mixed fracture occurs. The method consists of using a fracture energy density calculated as the weighted average of the fracture energy densities in mode I and mode II, the weighting factors being the relative importance of the mode I and II deformations with respect to the total deformation. This methodology has been implemented in local damage models using the smeared crack approximation but can be implemented in more complex models such as nonlocal damage models. Since there is no specific experimental test to measure the mode II fracture energy density, this method allows this parameter to be measured indirectly by adjusting its value so that the numerical equilibrium curve matches the experimental results.
Real‐time measurement of welding residual stress relaxation based on strain‐controlled fatigue test
Authors: Zhang Chunguo , Luan Shuai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFatigue‐induced variation of residual stress (RS) in welded joints is inevitable and has significant influence on fatigue behavior. The widely used technologies (e.g., X‐ray diffraction) can only test surface RS of specimen at unloading or certain holding load condition. In this study, an approach of measuring equivalent RS in real time during fatigue cycling is proposed based on strain‐controlled fatigue with strain ratio of −1. Under applied waveform starting with tensile strain, tensile RS in a welded joint continuously relaxes with fatigue cycles, but compressive RS first increases then relaxes. Both tensile and compressive RSs rapidly change in the first few cycles and then gradually relax to a steady state in which accumulated plastic strain is linearly correlated to amount of RS relaxation during fatigue cycling.
In hot water? Patterns of macroinvertebrate abundance in Arctic thaw ponds and relationships with environmental variables
Authors: Gurney Kirsty E. B. , Koch Joshua C. , Schmutz Joel A. , Schmidt Joshua H. , Wipfli Mark S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Ongoing environmental change across the Arctic is affecting many freshwater ecosystems, including small thaw ponds that support macroinvertebrates, thus potentially affecting important forage for fish and bird species. To accurately predict how fish and wildlife that depend on these macroinvertebrates will be affected by ecosystem change at high latitudes, understanding proximate factors that influence macroinvertebrate abundance is critical.

To better understand factors that affect spatial and seasonal (i.e. phenology) patterns in abundance, we collected macroinvertebrates throughout the growing season of a single year from 33 thaw ponds on the Arctic Coastal Plain in northern Alaska. We used hierarchical N‐mixture models to provide detection‐corrected estimates of abundance (of the population exposed to sampling) in relation to pond type and seasonal patterns in environmental variables (i.e., cumulative water temperature, nutrient levels) for five taxonomic groups representing key food items for birds and fish—Anostraca (Arthropoda: Branchiopoda), Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera), Cladocera (Arthropoda: Branchiopoda), Limnephilidae (Insecta: Trichoptera), and Physidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda).

For three of five taxa (Anostraca, Cladocera, Limnephilidae), abundance varied across pond types and was lower in pond types where water temperatures increased more rapidly. Further, seasonal temperature profiles in ponds affected phenology, suggesting that seasonal patterns in abundance were influenced by changes in water temperature.

These findings suggest that increases in water temperature in northern areas could alter macroinvertebrate phenology, possibly with consequences for upper level predators if availability of macroinvertebrate prey is reduced or shifted seasonally. Our results will facilitate improved predictions of how changing abiotic conditions could affect inland waters in northern areas, a critical need for conservation of Arctic wildlife and ecosystems.
Spatiotemporal influences of climate and humans on muskox range dynamics over multiple millennia
Authors: Canteri Elisabetta , Brown Stuart C. , Schmidt Niels Martin , Heller Rasmus , Nogués‐Bravo David , Fordham Damien A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractProcesses leading to range contractions and population declines of Arctic megafauna during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene are uncertain, with intense debate on the roles of human hunting, climatic change, and their synergy. Obstacles to a resolution have included an overreliance on correlative rather than process‐explicit approaches for inferring drivers of distributional and demographic change. Here, we disentangle the ecological mechanisms and threats that were integral in the decline and extinction of the muskox (Ovibos moschatus) in Eurasia and in its expansion in North America using process‐explicit macroecological models. The approach integrates modern and fossil occurrence records, ancient DNA, spatiotemporal reconstructions of past climatic change, species‐specific population ecology, and the growth and spread of anatomically modern humans. We show that accurately reconstructing inferences of past demographic changes for muskox over the last 21,000 years require high dispersal abilities, large maximum densities, and a small Allee effect. Analyses of validated process‐explicit projections indicate that climatic change was the primary driver of muskox distribution shifts and demographic changes across its previously extensive (circumpolar) range, with populations responding negatively to rapid warming events. Regional analyses show that the range collapse and extinction of the muskox in Europe (~13,000 years ago) was likely caused by humans operating in synergy with climatic warming. In Canada and Greenland, climatic change and human activities probably combined to drive recent population sizes. The impact of past climatic change on the range and extinction dynamics of muskox during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition signals a vulnerability of this species to future increased warming. By better establishing the ecological processes that shaped the distribution of the muskox through space and time, we show that process‐explicit macroecological models have important applications for the future conservation and management of this iconic species in a warming Arctic.
Temperature and not landscape composition shapes wild bee communities in an urban environment
Authors: Geppert Costanza , Cappellari Andree , Corcos Daria , Caruso Valerio , Cerretti Pierfilippo , Mei Maurizio , Marini Lorenzo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
More than half of the world's population lives in urban areas, a proportion that is expected to increase. Even if urbanisation is widely regarded as a major threat to global biodiversity, recent research highlighted the potential ecological importance of cities for pollinators. Key determinants of cities' ability to sustain pollinators are the presence of green areas and the connectivity between them. However, also temperature is expected to be of primary importance for pollinator activities.
Here, we aimed at disentangling the effects of temperature, open habitat cover, and distance from the city centre on wild bee communities in the city of Rome (Italy). We selected 36 sites along two statistically independent gradients of temperature and open habitat cover, and we sampled wild bee communities using pan‐traps for 4 months. Then, we measured functional traits of wild bee species, that is, body size, social behaviour, nesting strategy, and diet breadth.
Temperature emerged as the main driver of wild bee communities, with communities richer in species and individuals at warmer temperatures. We found little species replacement between cold and warm sites. In addition, with increasing temperatures, bee communities were dominated by polylectic and small‐bodied species.
Here, we showed that in a highly urbanised environment, temperature shapes pollinator communities irrespective of other landscape metrics. Even if warming seemed beneficial for urban pollinator abundance and richness, it might strongly homogenise bee communities by selecting for those traits that make species more easily adaptable.
High‐resolution HLA class II sequencing of Swedish multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Akel Omar , Zhao Lue Ping , Geraghty Daniel E , Lind Alexander 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease believed to be caused by autoimmune pathogenesis. The aetiology is likely explained by a complex interplay between inherited and environmental factors. Genetic investigations into MS have been conducted for over 50 years, yielding >100 associations to date. Globally, the strongest linkage is with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) HLA‐DRB5*01:01:01‐DRB1*15:01:01‐DQA1*01:02:01‐DQB1*06:02:01 haplotype.Here, high‐resolution sequencing of HLA was used to determine the alleles of DRB3, DRB4, DRB5, DRB1, DQA1, DQB1, DPA1 and DPB1 as well as their extended haplotypes and genotypes in 100 Swedish MS patients. Results were compared to 636 population controls.The heterogeneity in HLA associations with MS was demonstrated; among 100 patients, 69 extended HLA‐DR‐DQ genotypes were found. Three extended HLA‐DR‐DQ genotypes were found to be correlated to MS; HLA‐DRB5*01:01:01‐DRB1*15:01:01‐DQA1*01:02:01‐DQB1*06:02:01 haplotype together with(A) HLA‐DRB4*01:01:01//DRB4*01:01:01:01‐DRB1*07:01:01‐DQA1*02:01//02:01:01‐DQB1*02:02:01,(B) HLA‐DRBX*null‐DRB1*08:01:01‐DQA1*04:01:01‐DQB1*04:02:01, and(C) HLA‐DRB3*01:01:02‐DRB1*03:01:01‐DQA1*05:01:01‐DQB1*02:01:01.At the allelic level, HLA‐DRB3*01:01:02 was considered protective against MS. However, when combined with HLA‐DRB3*01:01:02‐DRB1*03:01:01‐DQA1*05:01:01‐DQB1*02:01:01, this extended haplotype was considered a predisposing risk factor. This highlights the limitations as included with investigations of single alleles relative to those of extended haplotypes/genotypes.In conclusion, with 69 genotypes presented among 100 patients, high‐resolution sequencing was conducted to underscore the wide polymorphisms present among MS patients. Additional studies in larger cohorts will be of importance to define MS among the patient group not associated with HLA‐DRB5*01:01:01‐DRB1*15:01:01‐DQA1*01:02:01‐DQB1*06:02:01.
Issues commonly faced by nurses caring for international patients: A qualitative study
Authors: Kume Ayami , Lau Yukiko , Kume Miyoko 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimTo identify common challenges nurses face when caring for international patients, irrespective of specialty, medical facility, or nursing experience.BackgroundInternationalization in medical facilities is progressing worldwide, and the number of international patients is increasing, as is evident in Japan.IntroductionDelivering high‐quality nursing care to international patients can be challenging owing to language and socio‐cultural barriers. Research examining the challenges faced by nurses in these situations is limited. It is necessary to clarify and analyze the current situation when interacting with international patients.MethodsThis study employed a qualitative design. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 11 registered nurses experienced in caring for non‐Japanese patients. Qualitative content analysis was performed following Mayring's approach.ResultsWe identified 56 subcategories, 23 categories, and 8 core categories for challenges faced by nurses interacting with international patients: language, religion or culture, medical culture, financial status, treatment continuity, care support, hospital protocols, and addressing requests or requirements for international patients.DiscussionThis study analyzed the religious, lifestyle, and cultural differences (along with the various language and communication barriers) faced by nurses who treat international patients. It also discussed the need for accessible, cross‐cultural information in hospitals that have limited accommodations for international patients.ConclusionNurses could be more accommodating of patients’ religions, lifestyles, and cultures by familiarizing themselves with relevant background information beforehand.Implications for nursing policyDifferences in health care cultures across countries can lead to malpractice, as dealing with cultural differences is difficult for nurses who interact with international patients and they may not be fully informed about the challenges posed by such differences. It is important for nurses to share their experiences in dealing with international patients and prepare for the increasing number of international patients in the future.
The subtle tine: Asymptomatic Micra perforation incidentally discovered during cardiac surgery
Authors: Tan Nicholas Y. , Madhavan Malini , Greason Kevin L. , Cha Yong‐Mei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA 70‐year‐old woman with longstanding persistent atrial fibrillation underwent Micra leadless pacemaker implantation and atrioventricular nodal ablation. No postprocedural complications were noted. She subsequently underwent surgical mitral valve replacement 4 years later. During the surgery, Micra tine perforation of the right ventricular free wall was seen. No device revision was performed due to her asymptomatic status and stable pacemaker position/function. Pericardial effusion is a known complication of Micra implantation. The incidence of tine perforation is unknown as many patients may be asymptomatic. The clinical consequences regarding adverse events, device functionality, and explantation/extraction risk profile remain to be determined.