bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient Outcomes from Multidisciplinary Chronic Pain Programs in Safety Net Clinics: A Scoping Review
Authors: Sheffield Bernadette , Lewis Kelsey , Battaglia Patrick 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Patients within the safety net, defined as gap healthcare services for un- or under-insured persons, disproportionately suffer high impact chronic pain. The purpose of this review was to examine pain-related outcomes from multidisciplinary programs for patients with chronic pain within the safety net. A scoping review was conducted based on the Arksey and O’Malley framework coupled with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses-Scoping Review checklist. CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Google Scholar were searched for eligible articles published between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2020. Grey literature was searched by typing relevant keywords into Google. Quantitative and qualitative outcomes were included. Data collected were charted and analyzed. Ten articles were included, with five demonstrating primarily quantitative results, three demonstrating primarily qualitative results, and the remaining two demonstrating primarily mixed results. Of the studies that utilized qualitative measures, themes included reduction in pain symptoms and the positive reception of a group-based pain management approach. Of the studies that employed quantitative measures, most demonstrated improvements in pain-related outcomes post-intervention, although not all statistically significant. Multidisciplinary pain programs may be of benefit to safety net patients with chronic pain. Further data collection is needed to determine the efficacy of these programs.
Trendy Business Cycles and Asset Prices
Authors: Davis Jesse , Segal Gill 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The data-generating process underlying productivity includes both trend and business cycle shocks, generating counterfactuals for prices under full information. In practice, agents’ inability to immediately distinguish between the two shocks creates “rational confusion”: each shock inherits properties of its counterpart. This confusion magnifies the perceived share of permanent shocks and implies that, contrary to canonical frameworks, transitory shocks are the main driver of long-run risk through trendy business cycles. With learning, the equity premium turns positive, while investment and valuation ratios become procyclical, as in the data. Consequently, rational confusion is key for reconciling disciplined macro-dynamics with equilibrium
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Semantic and Acoustic Markers in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders: A Combinatory Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Voppel Alban E , de Boer Janna N , Brederoo Sanne G , Schnack Hugo G , Sommer Iris E C 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and hypothesisSpeech is a promising marker to aid diagnosis of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, as it reflects symptoms like thought disorder and negative symptoms. Previous approaches made use of different domains of speech for diagnostic classification, including features like coherence (semantic) and form (acoustic). However, an examination of the added value of each domain when combined is lacking as of yet. Here, we investigate the acoustic and semantic domains separately and combined.Study designUsing semi-structured interviews, speech of 94 subjects with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSD) and 73 healthy controls (HC) was recorded. Acoustic features were extracted using a standardized feature-set, and transcribed interviews were used to calculate semantic word similarity using word2vec. Random forest classifiers were trained for each domain. A third classifier was used to combine features from both domains; 10-fold cross-validation was used for each model.ResultsThe acoustic random forest classifier achieved 81% accuracy classifying SSD and HC, while the semantic domain classifier reached an accuracy of 80%. Joining features from the two domains, the combined classifier reached 85% accuracy, significantly improving on separate domain classifiers. For the combined classifier, top features were fragmented speech from the acoustic domain and variance of similarity from the semantic domain.ConclusionsBoth semantic and acoustic analyses of speech achieved ~80% accuracy in classifying SSD from HC. We replicate earlier findings per domain, additionally showing that combining these features significantly improves classification performance. Feature importance and accuracy in combined classification indicate that the domains measure different, complementing aspects of speech.
Psychotic Disorders in Adolescence and Later Long-term Exclusion From Education and Employment
Authors: Ringbom Ida , Suvisaari Jaana , Kääriälä Antti , Sourander Andre , Gissler Mika , Kelleher Ian , Gyllenberg David 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background and hypothesis
Psychotic disorders have been associated with not being in education, employment, and training (NEET). There is a lack of knowledge on the importance of risk markers for NEET among people with psychotic disorders and what rehabilitation they receive.

Study design
We based our research on the register-based 1987 Finnish Birth Cohort study, which included all live births in Finland during that year. The study cohort were 288 people who had been diagnosed with psychotic disorders during 2004–2007, when they were 16–20 year old, and 55 883 who had not. We looked at the national register data for those subjects in 2008–2015, when they were 20–28 year old, and compared any associations between sociodemographic factors and NEET status.

Study results
NEET for more than 5 year affected 2.2% of those without psychosis, 35.8% of those with any nonaffective psychotic disorder, and 57.0% of those with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. Family-related risk factors were weaker predictors of long-term NEET in subjects with psychotic disorders than other cohort members. Having a psychotic disorder plus long-term NEET was associated with not applying for upper secondary education, not finishing upper secondary education, parents receiving welfare benefits, being diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders and being hospitalized for psychosis. Only 24.3% with psychotic disorders had participated in vocational rehabilitation.

Conclusions
A diagnosis of psychosis in adolescence is independently associated with serious long term functional disability. Among those with psychotic disorders, educational problems are markers for adverse labor market outcomes. Despite this, vocational rehabilitation is seldom provided.
Language Network Dysfunction and Formal Thought Disorder in Schizophrenia
Authors: Palaniyappan Lena , Homan Philipp , Alonso-Sanchez Maria F 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundPathophysiological inquiries into schizophrenia require a consideration of one of its most defining features: disorganization and impoverishment in verbal behavior. This feature, often captured using the term Formal Thought Disorder (FTD), still remains to be one of the most poorly understood and understudied dimensions of schizophrenia. In particular, the large-scale network level dysfunction that contributes to FTD remains obscure to date.Study DesignIn this narrative review, we consider the various challenges that need to be addressed for us to move towards mapping FTD (construct) to a brain network level account (circuit).Study ResultsThe construct-to-circuit mapping goal is now becoming more plausible than it ever was, given the parallel advent of brain stimulation and the tools providing objective readouts of human speech. Notwithstanding this, several challenges remain to be overcome before we can decisively map the neural basis of FTD. We highlight the need for phenotype refinement, robust experimental designs, informed analytical choices, and present plausible targets in and beyond the Language Network for brain stimulation studies in FTD.ConclusionsDeveloping a therapeutically beneficial pathophysiological model of FTD is a challenging endeavor, but holds the promise of improving interpersonal communication and reducing social disability in schizophrenia. Addressing the issues raised in this review will be a decisive step in this direction.
Hidden diversity of the genus Trinomys (Rodentia: Echimyidae): phylogenetic and populational structure analyses uncover putative new lineages
Authors: Nacif Camila Leitão , Bastos Diogo Lisbôa , Mello Beatriz , Lazar Ana , Hingst-Zaher Erika , Geise Lena , Bonvicino Cibele Rodrigues 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Trinomys, one of the most species-rich spiny rat genera in Brazil, is widely distributed in Caatinga, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest biomes, and currently includes ten recognized species, three of which are polytypic. Although some studies employing molecular data have been conducted to better characterize phylogenetic relationships among species, 19 nominal taxa have been suggested, implying considerable incongruence regarding species boundaries. We addressed this incongruence by intensively sampling all species across the geographic distribution of the genus. In addition to publicly available data, we generated 182 mt-Cytb gene sequences, and employed phylogenetic and computational species delimitation methods to obtain a clearer picture of the genus diversity. Moreover, we evaluated populational diversity within each accepted species, considering their geographical distribution and a timescale for the evolution of the genus. Beyond confirming the general patterns described for the evolution of the group, this new analysis suggests that Trinomys is comprised of at least 16 evolutionary lineages, 13 of them recognized as species or subspecies, and three never before characterized. This study highlights the importance of increased sample sizes and computational species delimitation methods in uncovering hidden diversity in Trinomys.
Identification of morphologically cryptic species with computer vision models: wall lizards (Squamata: Lacertidae: Podarcis) as a case study
Authors: Pinho Catarina , Kaliontzopoulou Antigoni , Ferreira Carlos A , Gama João 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Automated image classification is a thriving field of machine learning, and various successful applications dealing with biological images have recently emerged. In this work, we address the ability of these methods to identify species that are difficult to tell apart by humans due to their morphological similarity. We focus on distinguishing species of wall lizards, namely those belonging to the Podarcis hispanicus species complex, which constitutes a well-known example of cryptic morphological variation. We address two classification experiments: (1) assignment of images of the morphologically relatively distinct P. bocagei and P. lusitanicus; and (2) distinction between the overall more cryptic nine taxa that compose this complex. We used four datasets (two image perspectives and individuals of the two sexes) and three deep-learning models to address each problem. Our results suggest a high ability of the models to identify the correct species, especially when combining predictions from different perspectives and models (accuracy of 95.9% and 97.1% for females and males, respectively, in the two-class case; and of 91.2% to 93.5% for females and males, respectively, in the nine-class case). Overall, these results establish deep-learning models as an important tool for field identification and monitoring of cryptic species complexes, alleviating the burden of expert or genetic identification.
Comparative Genomic Analysis of 31 Phytophthora Genomes Reveals Genome Plasticity and Horizontal Gene Transfer
Authors: Kronmiller Brent A. , Feau Nicolas , Shen Danyu , Tabima Javier F. , Ali Shahin S. , Armitage Andrew D. , Arredondo Felipe , Bailey Bryan A. , Bollmann Stephanie R. , Dale Angela , Harrison Richard J. , Hrywkiw Kelly , Kasuga Takao , McDougal Rebecca , Nellist Charlotte F. , Panda Preeti , Tripathy Sucheta , Williams Nari M. , Ye Wenwu , Wang Yuanchao , Hamelin Richard C. , Grünwald Niklaus J. 
Published: October 2022

Phytophthora species are oomycete plant pathogens that cause great economic and ecological impacts. The Phytophthora genus includes over 180 known species, infecting a wide range of plant hosts, including crops, trees, and ornamentals. We sequenced the genomes of 31 individual Phytophthora species and 24 individual transcriptomes to study genetic relationships across the genus. De novo genome assemblies revealed variation in genome sizes, numbers of predicted genes, and in repetitive element content across the Phytophthora genus. A genus-wide comparison evaluated orthologous groups of genes. Predicted effector gene counts varied across Phytophthora species by effector family, genome size, and plant host range. Predicted numbers of apoplastic effectors increased as the host range of Phytophthora species increased. Predicted numbers of cytoplasmic effectors also increased with host range but leveled off or decreased in Phytophthora species that have enormous host ranges. With extensive sequencing across the Phytophthora genus, we now have the genomic resources to evaluate horizontal gene transfer events across the oomycetes. Using a machine-learning approach to identify horizontally transferred genes with bacterial or fungal origin, we identified 44 candidates over 36 Phytophthora species genomes. Phylogenetic reconstruction indicates that the transfers of most of these 44 candidates happened in parallel to major advances in the evolution of the oomycetes and Phytophthora spp. We conclude that the 31 genomes presented here are essential for investigating genus-wide genomic associations in genus Phytophthora. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
PTEN‐knockout regulates metabolic rewiring and epigenetic reprogramming in prostate cancer and chemoprevention by triterpenoid ursolic acid
Authors: Wang Lujing , Wang Chao , Sarwar Md. Shahid , Chou Pochung , Wang Yujue , Su Xiaoyang , Kong Ah‐Ng Tony 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) is one of the most frequently mutated/deleted tumor suppressor genes in many human cancers. Ursolic acid (UA) is a natural triterpenoid possessing antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer effects. However, how PTEN impacts metabolic rewiring and how UA modifies PTEN‐driven metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming in prostate cancer (PCa) remains unknown. In the current study, we found that UA protects against PTEN knockout (KO)‐induced tumorigenesis at different stages of PCa. Epigenomic CpG methyl‐seq revealed UA attenuated PTEN KO‐induced differentially methylated regions (DMRs) profiles. Transcriptomic RNA‐seq showed UA abrogated PTEN KO‐induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of PCa‐related oncogenes' Has3, Cfh, and Msx1 overexpression, indicating UA plays a crucial role in PTEN KO‐mediated gene regulation and its potential consequences on cancer interception. Association analysis of DEGs and DMRs identified that the mRNA expression of tumor suppressor gene BDH2, and oncogenes Ephas, Isg15, and Nos2 were correlated with the promoter CpG methylation status in the early‐stage comparison groups indicating UA could regulate the oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes by modulating their promoter methylation at an early stage of prostate tumorigenesis. The metabolomic study showed UA attenuated PTEN KO‐regulated cancer‐associated metabolisms like purine metabolism/metabolites correlating with RNAseq findings, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis metabolism, as well as epigenetic‐related metabolites pyruvate and lactate indicating UA plays a critical role in PTEN KO‐mediated metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming and its consequences on cancer development. In this context, UA impacts metabolic rewiring causing epigenetic and transcriptomic reprogramming potentially contributing to the overall protection against prostate‐specific PTEN KO‐mediated PCa.
Is immunotherapy safe for treatment of severe asthma
Authors: Epstein Tolly E.G. , Calabria Christopher W. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose of review
The benefits of allergen immunotherapy (AIT), including subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy (SCIT) and sublingual allergen immunotherapy (SLIT), for IgE-mediated asthma are well established, especially for dust mite. This review will explore whether the benefits of AIT outweigh the risks in severe asthmatic patients.

Recent findings
Studies have mostly included mild and moderate asthmatic patients, but at least a few studies do show improvements in asthma symptoms and medication use in severe asthmatic patients. Asthma, and especially uncontrolled asthma, is a major risk factor for severe and fatal systemic reactions from SCIT. Uncontrolled asthma is an absolute contraindication for SCIT. It is less clear whether the benefits of SCIT and SLIT may outweigh the risks in well controlled, severe asthmatic patients, and further study is needed in this area. Asthma biologics, especially Omalizumab, may improve outcomes in severe, controlled asthmatic patients on SCIT, but further data are needed regarding timing of initiation and duration of treatment.

Summary
Although severe asthmatic patients may benefit from AIT, significant risks exist, especially in those with uncontrolled asthma. Further study is needed regarding optimal strategies to minimize risks.
Plastic Surgery in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries: Role of Telemedicine
Authors: Amir Mrad Mohamed , Kattan Abdullah E. , Al Fardan Zuhair , Alhumsi Taghreed R. , Al Saud Nouf A. , Alshomer Feras M. , Alanazi Shahad N. , Shah Mardan Qutaiba N.M. 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Internationally, telemedicine is finding its way into common day plastic surgery practice as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Nonetheless, no data about its practice in the Gulf region are available to date.

Methodology:
This is a cross-sectional survey-based study that was sent online to the plastic surgeons practicing in the Gulf region. The study aimed to look into the integration of telemedicine into the practice and the surgeons’ attitude and future vision about it. Participation was voluntary, and confidentiality was preserved.

Results:
A total of 229 plastic surgeons enrolled in this study in mid-2020. There were 192 male participants (83.8%) and 37 female participants (16.2%). Of these, 99 (43.2%) practiced in Saudi Arabia, 85 (37.1%) in the United Arab Emirates, 24 (10.5%) in Oman, 18 (7.9%) in Kuwait, and three (1.3%) in Bahrain. In total, 85 (37.1%) used telemedicine during lockdown, and 144 (62.9%) thought that its usage will remain beneficial in the future. There was no significant difference in practicing telemedicine in different plastic surgery subspecialties, varying level of experience, and country of practice. Among those who used virtual consultations, 62 (72.9%) did not charge for consultation fees.

Conclusion:
The tendency toward telemedicine integration in plastic surgery practice is growing worldwide, especially after COVID-19. Its limitations are outweighed by its advantages and, with time, many of these will be bypassed. New innovations driven by advancement in technology will further embed telemedicine into the practice.
The dynamics of integration and integrated care
Authors: Clark Jonathan R. , Tietschert Maike , Kerrissey Michaela , Friedberg Mark , Singer Sara J. 
Published: October 2022

Background
Substantial variation exists in how well health care is integrated, even across similarly structured organizations, yet research about what physician organizations (POs) do that enables or inhibits integrated care is limited.

Purpose
The aim of this study was to explore the dynamics that enable POs to integrate care.

Methodology/Approach
We ranked a stratified sample of POs according to patient perceptions of integrated care, as measured in a survey. We interviewed professionals, patients, and family members in 10 higher and 3 lower ranked POs about the process of caring for patients with complex conditions. We derived integration-related themes from the interview data and quantified their prevalence. Using a quasi-statistical approach, we explored relationships among themes and their associations with patient perceptions of integrated care.

Results
From 6,104 coded references, we derived a set of themes representing integration perspectives, integration engagement mechanisms, and integration failures. POs experienced frequent integration failures. Higher ranked POs experienced these failures less often because of a combination of functional, interpersonal, and stakeholder engagement mechanisms, which appear to complement one another. Integration perspectives, including both people-oriented and systems-oriented mindsets, appear to play a role in generating these integration dynamics.

Conclusion
Delivering integrated care depends on a PO’s ability to limit integration failures, keeping provider attention focused on patients. Building on the attention-based view, we present a framework suggesting that this ability is a function of both integration perspectives and integration engagement mechanisms.

Practice Implications
POs interested in delivering more integrated care should employ a variety of complementary integration engagement mechanisms and facilitate these efforts by nurturing both people-oriented and system-oriented mindsets among PO decision-makers.
Management of inflammation after the cataract surgery
Authors: Grzybowski Andrzej , Sidaraite Agne , Zemaitiene Reda 
Published: October 2022

Purpose of review
To review most recent studies and clinical trials regarding pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention of inflammation after the cataract surgery.

Recent findings
FLACS gave opportunity to evaluate inflammatory cytokines in the aqueous humour right after the laser procedure, which led to acknowledging the inflammation pathogenesis during the phacoemulsification. Although there is still a lack of evidence, which would prove the long-term benefit of NSAIDs, they are indicated and effective when risk factors for PCME are present. PREMED studies showed that combination of NSAID and steroids after the surgery for healthy subjects is cost-effective. The triamcinolone injection together with topical steroids and NSAIDs for diabetic patients after the cataract surgery was the most cost-effective in preventing PCME according to the PREMED. Dropless cataract surgery is another emerging topic: dexamethasone implants and suspensions look promising as we await more clinical trials with drug-loaded IOLs.

Summary
Inflammation after the cataract surgery can be prevented, and these methods are one of the most essential topics with growing phacoemulsification rate. Topical NSAIDs are cost-effective not only for patients with risk factors for PCME but also for healthy subjects. New dropless techniques are being successfully introduced in the clinical practice.