bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dither: A unifying model of the effects of visitor numbers on zoo animal behavior
Authors: Krebs Bethany L. , Eschmann Caitlin L. , Watters Jason V. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInterest in the impact of human presence on the behavior and well‐being of zoo and aquarium animals is increasing. Previous work has conceptualized the presence of zoo visitors as having one of three impacts on the behavior of animals in zoos: positive, negative, or neutral. Research suggests the same species may exhibit all three responses under different conditions, calling into question whether the positive/negative/neutral framework is the most useful way of considering visitor impact on animal behavior. Here we present a model of visitor effects that unifies these three predictions. Our model suggests that zoo‐goers may provide a “dither effect” for some animals living in zoos. We posit animals may show nonlinear behavioral responses over a range of visitor densities, effectively exhibiting changes in both comfortable and anxiety‐like behaviors under different levels of human presence. We tested this model during two COVID‐19 related closures at the San Francisco Zoo, studying seven species for evidence of nonlinear relationships between visitor numbers and animal behavior. Our results support the dither effect acting in several species observed.
Brief Presentation and Key Project Results
Authors: Bellon Jacqueline , Eyssel Friederike , Gransche Bruno , Nähr-Wagener Sebastian , Wullenkord Ricarda 
Published: September 2022

AbstractpoliTE—Social Appropriateness for Artificial Assistants examined the phenomenon of social appropriateness through the lens of ‘cultural techniques’ to understand socially shared contexts of action and their potential transferability to human–machine interactions.
Reflections on Sociosensitive and Socioactive Technology
Authors: Bellon Jacqueline , Eyssel Friederike , Gransche Bruno , Nähr-Wagener Sebastian , Wullenkord Ricarda 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChapter 2 gave a list of purposes for which this book and the FASA model are suitable and another list for which they are not. Regarding the model’s applicability and validity and also in general, there are various other questions about sociosensitive and socioactive technology that must be considered, including ethical aspects. This chapter deals with the book’s aim to increase awareness of the complexity and sometimes problematic nature of developing, designing, disseminating, using, and regulating sociosensitive and socioactive systems.
Feynman integrals in dimensional regularization and extensions of Calabi-Yau motives
Authors: Bönisch Kilian , Duhr Claude , Fischbach Fabian , Klemm Albrecht , Nega Christoph 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe provide a comprehensive summary of concepts from Calabi-Yau motives relevant to the computation of multi-loop Feynman integrals. From this we derive several consequences for multi-loop integrals in general, and we illustrate them on the example of multi-loop banana integrals. For example, we show how Griffiths transversality, known from the theory of variation of mixed Hodge structures, leads quite generically to a set of quadratic relations among maximal cut integrals associated to Calabi-Yau motives. These quadratic relations then naturally lead to a compact expression forl-loop banana integrals inD= 2 dimensions in terms of an integral over a period of a Calabi-Yau (l− 1)-fold. This new integral representation generalizes in a natural way the known representations forl≤ 3 involving logarithms with square root arguments and iterated integrals of Eisenstein series. In a second part, we show how the results obtained by some of the authors in earlier work can be extended to dimensional regularization. We present a method to obtain the differential equations for banana integrals with an arbitrary number of loops in dimensional regularization without the need to solve integration-by-parts relations. We also present a compact formula for the leading asymptotics of banana integrals with an arbitrary number of loops in the large momentum limit. This generalizes the novel$$ \hat{\Gamma} $$Γ̂-class introduced by some of the authors to dimensional regularization and provides a convenient boundary condition to solve the differential equations for the banana integrals. As an application, we present for the first time numerical results for equal-mass banana integrals with up to four loops and up to second order in the dimensional regulator.
Measure and Module of Helmut Spieker’s Marburg Building System 1960–1970
Authors: Rehm Robin , Langenberg Silke 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUsing the example of the well-known “Marburg building system” by Helmut Spieker (1933–2014), this contribution analyzes how the proportional rules of the Vitruvius tradition, already modified in the modified century, changed as a result of the advancing industrialization of architecture in the 1960s. After 1945, construction had to be done quickly and inexpensively. Ernst Neufert’s Bauentwurfslehre provided the foundation for the production of standardized components in large quantities. Spieker’s system is one of the most important examples of modularized constructions, from the installation and furnishings to the wall and ceiling elements, etc. Although it is based on rational criteria of the norm and the module, Spieker’s method is linked to the tradition of proportion. We examine the question of how the traditional architectural proportion can be made norm-compliant and then translated into a specific construction system.
A method for detailed determination of hospital surge capacity: a prerequisite for optimal preparedness for mass-casualty incidents
Authors: Montán Kristina Lennquist , Örtenwall Per , Blimark Magnus , Montán Carl , Lennquist Sten 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Defined goals for hospitals’ ability to handle mass-casualty incidents (MCI) are a prerequisite for optimal planning as well as training, and also as base for quality assurance and improvement. This requires methods to test individual hospitals in sufficient detail to numerically determine surge capacity for different components of the hospitals. Few such methods have so far been available. The aim of the present study was with the use of a simulation model well proven and validated for training to determine capacity-limiting factors in a number of hospitals, identify how these factors were related to each other and also possible measures for improvement of capacity.

Materials and methods
As simulation tool was used the MACSIM® system, since many years used for training in the international MRMI courses and also successfully used in a pilot study of surge capacity in a major hospital. This study included 6 tests in three different hospitals, in some before and after re-organisation, and in some both during office- and non-office hours.

Results
The primary capacity-limiting factor in all hospitals was the capacity to handle severely injured patients (major trauma) in the emergency department. The load of such patients followed in all the tests a characteristic pattern with “peaks” corresponding to ambulances return after re-loading. Already the first peak exceeded the hospitals capacity for major trauma, and the following peaks caused waiting times for such patients leading to preventable mortality according to the patient—data provided by the system. This emphasises the need of an immediate and efficient coordination of the distribution of casualties between hospitals. The load on surgery came in all tests later, permitting either clearing of occupied theatres (office hours) or mobilising staff (non-office hours) sufficient for all casualties requiring immediate surgery. The final capacity-limiting factors in all tests was the access to intensive care, which also limited the capacity for surgery. On a scale 1–10, participating staff evaluated the accuracy of the methodology for test of surge capacity to MD 8 (IQR 2), for improvement of disaster plans to MD 9 (IQR 2) and for simultaneous training to MD 9 (IQR 3).

Conclusions
With a simulation system including patient data with a sufficient degree of detail, it was possible to identify and also numerically determine the critical capacity-limiting factors in the different phases of the hospital response to MCI, to serve as a base for planning, training, quality control and also necessary improvement to rise surge capacity of the individual hospital.
The wolf (canis lupus) as a symbol of an urban–rural divide? Results from a media discourse analysis on the human–wolf conflict in Germany
Authors: Zscheischler Jana , Friedrich Jonathan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGiven that wolves have been extinct in Germany for approximately 150 years, their return and growing population over the last decade has caused intense discussion and conflict. To develop a widely accepted and just coexistence between humans and wolves, a comprehensive understanding of the conflict is needed. There are indications that the conflict goes beyond dealing with the wolf population and marks a spatial–cultural divide between urban and rural areas. Nevertheless, the social dimensions of the human–wolf conflict in Germany have been little studied. The aim of this paper is to narrow this gap by means of a media discourse analysis including reader comments in order to provide insights into the constituent elements of this conflict. We conducted a qualitative content analysis. The sample comprises articles (n = 63) and reader comments (n = 515) over a period of one year (5/2018-5/2019) from six online periodicals in Germany. The results support the assumption of an urban–rural divide in terms of perspectives and values. The discourse indicates that rural actors who are most affected by the wolves’ vicinity have more negative attitudes towards them. At the same time, they feel abandoned and dominated by urban perspectives and politics. In addition, linkages to right-wing populist positions and conspiracy narratives that can be interpreted as a consequence of political alienation are found.
Targeting tumour-reprogrammed myeloid cells: the new battleground in cancer immunotherapy
Authors: De Sanctis Francesco , Adamo Annalisa , Canè Stefania , Ugel Stefano 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTumour microenvironment is a complex ecosystem in which myeloid cells are the most abundant immune elements. This cell compartment is composed by different cell types, including neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, and monocytes but also unexpected cell populations with immunosuppressive and pro-tumour roles. Indeed, the release of tumour-derived factors influences physiological haematopoiesis producing unconventional cells with immunosuppressive and tolerogenic functions such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells. These pro-tumour myeloid cell populations not only support immune escape directly but also assist tumour invasion trough non-immunological activities. It is therefore not surprising that these cell subsets considerably impact in tumour progression and cancer therapy resistance, including immunotherapy, and are being investigated as potential targets for developing a new era of cancer therapy. In this review, we discuss emerging strategies able to modulate the functional activity of these tumour-supporting myeloid cells subverting their accumulation, recruitment, survival, and functions. These innovative approaches will help develop innovative, or improve existing, cancer treatments.
Hodentumoren aus klinischer Sicht
Authors: Oing Christoph , Fankhauser Christian Daniel 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungHintergrundKeimzelltumoren des Hodens sind die häufigste maligne Tumorerkrankung bei Männern im Alter von 15–40 Jahren. Die Unterscheidung von Seminomen und Nichtseminomen hat prognostische Bedeutung und ist für Therapieplanung und Nachsorge essenziell. Durch interdisziplinäre, stadiengerechte Therapie haben Keimzelltumoren generell eine sehr gute Prognose. Eine Übertherapie sollte wegen möglicher Langzeitfolgen vermieden werden. Hierbei hilft die Risikobeurteilung anhand klinischer und pathologischer Faktoren.Ziel der ArbeitDarstellung der (histo-)pathologischen Charakteristika, die die uroonkologische Therapieplanung maßgeblich beeinflussen.Material und MethodenNichtsystematischer Übersichtsartikel über die relevanten (histo-)pathologischen Befunde für die klinische Therapieplanung im interdisziplinären Kontext.ErgebnisseZentrale Pathologiebefunde für Kliniker:Innen sind: (i) Identifikation eines Keimzelltumors, ggf. durch Nachweis eines Chromosom-12p-Zugewinns, (ii) Subtypenspezifizierung und (iii) Angabe von Risikofaktoren (insbesondere Invasion von Lymphgefäßen und/oder Rete testis und Tumorgröße). Molekularpathologische Untersuchungen i. S. von Mutationsanalysen sind angesichts einer sehr geringen Mutationslast und bislang fehlender prädiktiver Marker und zielgerichteter Therapieoptionen nicht Teil der Routinediagnostik.DiskussionEin detaillierter, idealerweise synoptischer histopathologischer Befundbericht ist Grundlage der Planung und Durchführung einer leitlinienkonformen, risikoadaptierten Therapie und neben der bildgebenden Diagnostik und der Bestimmung der Serumtumormarker AFP und β‑HCG (letztere insbesondere bei Nichtseminomen) mitentscheidend, um die guten Heilungsaussichten zu wahren und eine Übertherapie zu vermeiden.
Maßnahmen zur Reduzierung von plastischer Verformung an statischen Druckplatten von Lammellenbremsen infolge einseitig eingebrachter hoher Reibleistung
Authors: Schadomsky Magnus , Blumenthal Lars , Zimmer Detmar , Peter Simon , Boros Laszlo 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungDie thermisch verursachte, plastische Verformung an statischen Druckplatten von Lamellenbremsen kann das Betriebsverhalten von Bremsen nachhaltig stören und sollte daher vermieden werden. So kann die plastische Verformung der Druckplatte beispielsweise zu einer Verkleinerung des Luftspalts führen und ungewollte Veränderung der Reibverhältnisse verursachen.Während des Bremsvorgangs dehnen sich hoch erwärmte Bereiche nah der Reibfläche aus und werden von den Zonen geringerer Temperatur an ihrer Ausdehnung gehindert. Überschreiten die daraus resultierenden Spannungen die Dehngrenze des Materials, kommt es zu plastischer Verformung. Dieser Artikel erläutert den physikalischen Verformungsprozess detailliert und darauf aufbauend, welche Maßnahmen zu einer Verringerung der Verformung ergriffen werden können. Dazu werden im Rahmen theoretischer Vorüberlegungen drei Ansätze identifiziert, die sowohl die Geometrie als auch die Werkstoffe der Druckplatten betreffen. Radiale Schlitze sollen die Behinderung der thermischen Dehnung verhindern und dadurch Spannungen reduzieren; die Werkstoffauswahl auf Basis der Thermoschockempfindlichkeit reduziert die plastische Verformung. Anhand einer kombinierten Simulation der Thermik und der Mechanik einer Druckplatte wird der Effekt dieser Ansätze an vier Varianten der Druckplatte überprüft. Experimentelle Untersuchungen an realen Prototypen der Druckplattenvarianten bestätigen die Ergebnisse der Simulation und weisen die Wirksamkeit der vorgeschlagenen Maßnahmen zur Reduzierung der plastischen Verformung nach.
The handling of missing data in trial-based economic evaluations: should data be multiply imputed prior to longitudinal linear mixed-model analyses?
Authors: Ben Ângela Jornada , van Dongen Johanna M. , Alili Mohamed El , Heymans Martijn W. , Twisk Jos W. R. , MacNeil-Vroomen Janet L. , de Wit Maartje , van Dijk Susan E. M. , Oosterhuis Teddy , Bosmans Judith E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionFor the analysis of clinical effects, multiple imputation (MI) of missing data were shown to be unnecessary when using longitudinal linear mixed-models (LLM). It remains unclear whether this also applies to trial-based economic evaluations. Therefore, this study aimed to assess whether MI is required prior to LLM when analyzing longitudinal cost and effect data.MethodsTwo-thousand complete datasets were simulated containing five time points. Incomplete datasets were generated with 10, 25, and 50% missing data in follow-up costs and effects, assuming a Missing At Random (MAR) mechanism. Six different strategies were compared using empirical bias (EB), root-mean-squared error (RMSE), and coverage rate (CR). These strategies were: LLM alone (LLM) and MI with LLM (MI-LLM), and, as reference strategies, mean imputation with LLM (M-LLM), seemingly unrelated regression alone (SUR-CCA), MI with SUR (MI-SUR), and mean imputation with SUR (M-SUR).ResultsFor costs and effects, LLM, MI-LLM, and MI-SUR performed better than M-LLM, SUR-CCA, and M-SUR, with smaller EBs and RMSEs as well as CRs closers to nominal levels. However, even though LLM, MI-LLM and MI-SUR performed equally well for effects, MI-LLM and MI-SUR were found to perform better than LLM for costs at 10 and 25% missing data. At 50% missing data, all strategies resulted in relatively high EBs and RMSEs for costs.ConclusionLLM should be combined with MI when analyzing trial-based economic evaluation data. MI-SUR is more efficient and can also be used, but then an average intervention effect over time cannot be estimated.
Effective Roughness and Displaced Mean Flow over Complex Terrain
Authors: Kelly Mark , Cavar Dalibor 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVia analysis of velocity and stress fields from Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes simulations over diverse complex terrains spanning several continents, in neutral conditions we find displaced areal-mean logarithmic wind speed profiles. The corresponding effective roughness length ($$z_\text {0,eff}$$

z
0,eff

), friction velocity ($$u _{*\text {,eff}}$$

u

∗
,eff

), and displacement height ($$d_\text {eff}$$

d
eff

) characterise the drag exerted by the terrain. Simulations and spectral analyses reveal that the terrain statistics—and consequently $$d_\text {eff}$$

d
eff

, $$u _{*\text {,eff}}$$

u

∗
,eff

and $$z_\text {0,eff}$$

z
0,eff

—can change significantly with flow direction, including flow in opposite directions. Previous studies over scaled or simulated fractal surfaces reported $$z_\text {0,eff}$$

z
0,eff

to depend on the standard deviation of terrain elevation ($$\sigma _h$$

σ
h

), but over real terrains we find $$z_\text {0,eff}$$

z
0,eff

varies with standard deviation of terrain slopes ($$\sigma _{\Delta h/\Delta x}$$

σ

Δ
h
/
Δ
x

). Terrain spectra show the dominant scales contributing to $$\sigma _{\Delta h/\Delta x}$$

σ

Δ
h
/
Δ
x

vary from $$\sim $$
∼
1–10 km, with power-law behaviour over smaller scales corresponding to fractal terrain used in earlier works. The dependence of $$z_\text {0,eff}$$

z
0,eff

on $$\sigma _{\Delta h/\Delta x}$$

σ

Δ
h
/
Δ
x

is consistent with fractal terrain having $$\sigma _{\Delta h/\Delta x} \propto \sigma _h$$

σ

Δ
h
/
Δ
x

∝

σ
h

, as well as classic theory for individual hills. We obtain relationships for $$z_\text {0,eff}$$

z
0,eff

, $$d_\text {eff}$$

d
eff

, and $$u _{*\text {,eff}}$$

u

∗
,eff

in terms of $$\sigma _{\Delta h/\Delta x}$$

σ

Δ
h
/
Δ
x

, finding that $$d_\text {eff}$$

d
eff

acts as a characteristic length scale within $$z_\text {0,eff}$$

z
0,eff

. Considering flow in opposite directions, use of upslope statistics did not improve $$z_\text {0,eff}$$

z
0,eff

predictions; sheltering effects likely require more sophisticated treatment. Our findings impact practical applications and research, including micrometeorological flow, computational fluid dynamics, atmospheric model coupling, and mesoscale and climate modelling. We discuss limitations of the $$z_\text {0,eff}$$

z
0,eff

formulations developed herein, and provide recommendations for practical use.
Structure–function models for estimating retinal ganglion cell count using steady-state pattern electroretinography and optical coherence tomography in glaucoma suspects and preperimetric glaucoma: an electrophysiological pilot study
Authors: Orshan Derek , Tirsi Andrew , Sheha Hosam , Gliagias Vasiliki , Tsai Joby , Park Sung Chul , Obstbaum Stephen A. , Tello Celso 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeTo derive and validate structure–function models for estimating retinal ganglion cell (RGC) count using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and steady-state pattern electroretinography (ssPERG) parameters in glaucoma suspects (GS) and preperimetric glaucoma (PPG).MethodsIn this prospective cross-sectional study, 25 subjects (50 eyes) were recruited at the Manhattan Eye, Ear, and Throat Hospital. Subjects underwent comprehensive eye examinations, OCT, standard automated perimetry (SAP), and ssPERG testing. Eyes were divided into three groups based on the Global Glaucoma Staging System: healthy (N = 30), GS (N = 10), and PPG (N= 10) eyes. The combined structure–function index (CSFI), which estimates retinal ganglion cell count (eRGCCSFI) from SAP and OCT parameters, was calculated in each study subject. Two prediction formulas were derived using a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) to predict eRGCCSFIfrom ssPERG parameters, age, and average retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (ARNFLT) in 30 eyes selected at random (training group). GLMM predicted values were cross-validated with the remaining 20 eyes (validation group).ResultsThe ARNFLT, ssPERG parameters magnitude (Mag) and magnitudeD (MagD), and eRGCCSFIwere significantly different among study groups (ANOVAp ≤ 0.001). Pearson correlations demonstrated significant associations among ARNFLT, ssPERG parameters, and eRGCCSFI(r2 ≥ 0.31,p < 0.001). Two GLMMs predicted eRGCCSFIfrom Mag (eRGCMag) and MagD (eRGCMagD), respectively, with significant equations (F(3,18),F(3,19) ≥  58.37,R2 = 0.90,p < 0.001). eRGCMagand eRGCMagDin the validation group (R2 = 0.89) correlated with eRGCCSFIsimilarly to the training group. Multivariate pairwise comparisons revealed that eRGCMagand eRGCMagDdistinguished between healthy, GS, and PPG eyes (p ≤ 0.035), whereas independent Mag, MagD, and ARNFLT measures did not distinguish between GS and PPG eyes.ConclusionThis pilot study offers the first combined structure–function models for estimating RGC count using ssPERG parameters. RGC counts estimated with these models were generalizable, strongly associated with CSFI estimates, and performed better than individual ssPERG and OCT measures in distinguishing healthy, GS, and PPG eyes.
The transition from school to university mathematics in different contexts: affective and sociocultural issues in students’ crisis
Authors: Di Martino Pietro , Gregorio Francesca , Iannone Paola 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the secondary–tertiary transition is not only an educational matter, but also an inclusion and equality matter as mathematics qualifications lead to better employment and better earning for students. Research on what causes the crisis associated to this transition has so far focused on the impact of cognitive and epistemological changes in university mathematics. Recently, attention has been given to sociocultural and affective issues, which indicate the impact of diverse contexts on such event in the students’ life. Here we present a study investigating the experiences of first-year mathematics students in three European countries. The study adopted the framework of transition as a rite of passage and to detect the changes in attitudes towards the mathematics which originated the crisis, the three-dimensional model for attitude towards mathematics (TMA) was used. Data consist in one questionnaire translated into three languages and administered to students in the first year of study. Most of the questions were open-ended, and the data were analysed first qualitatively and then quantitised. Results show that while the transition experiences of the students may seem on the surface uniform, some significant differences emerge for motivation to join mathematics degrees, motives for changes in perceived competence, and impact of university mathematics formalism. We hypothesise a link between these changes and the differences in educational environments in the three countries. We conclude with highlighting the need for more research of this kind to understand the secondary–tertiary transition in the educational context in which it happens.