bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How does TRIPs compliance affect the economic growth of developing countries? Application of the Synthetic Control method
Authors: Smith Pamela J. , Anti Sebastian J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the effects of intellectual property rights (IPRs) on the economic growth of countries, with special attention to developing countries. We examine both the strength of countries' IPRs, as well as their compliance with the 1995 Agreement on Trade‐Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) of the World Trade Organization. Our theoretical framework is a growth model which distinguishes capital as physical capital, human capital and intellectual property. Our methods include panel regression techniques, plus a novel Synthetic Control method. The latter is valuable for examining policy effects in research situations where data are limited to small sample sizes; and where reverse causality and heterogeneity are concerns. The Synthetic Control method allows us to assess the impact of TRIPs compliance on economic growth relative to a counterfactual of what would have occurred in the absence of compliance. The results show that while select developing countries experience growth benefits from complying with the TRIPs agreement, others do not, supporting the notion that there is a wide range of heterogeneity in the effects of IPR reforms on growth. These findings are robust when we account for marginal institutional changes in IPRs, enforcement of IPRs, and technological capacity in developing countries.
A Mechanistic-Based Data-Driven Approach for General Friction Modeling in Complex Mechanical System
Authors: Peng Haijun , Song Ningning , Li Fei , Tang Shan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The effect of friction is widespread around us, and most important projects must consider the friction effect. To better depict the dynamic characteristics of multibody systems with friction, a series of friction models have been proposed by scholars. Due to the complex and changeable working conditions, the contact surface is uncertain, and characterizing the friction properties is a challenging problem. Therefore, in this work, a mechanistic-based data-driven (MBDD) approach is proposed to establish a general friction model. According to the generalization ability of deep neural networks, the proposed strategy can handle the friction in multibody systems with different contact surfaces. Moreover, the proposed mechanistic-based data-driven approach can utilize both numerical data and experimental data, so it can achieve small data for the dynamic behavior prediction of complex mechanical systems. Eventually, the numerical simulation is compared with the experimental test. The results show that the proposed strategy can predict the dynamic behavior of a complex multibody system well and can reflect many important friction phenomena, such as the Stribeck effect, stiction, and viscous friction.
Product Multibody Dynamics Analysis for Low-Carbon Footprint
Authors: He Bin , Wu Jiachi , Zhu Xuanren , Zhang Dong , Cao Jintao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
With the increasingly serious global climate problem, the low-carbon design of products has gradually become an important direction of sustainable manufacturing. The optimization design of product structure is one of the important means to realize the low-carbon operation of product structure. Therefore, how to carry out the low-carbon optimization design of the product is the focus of this paper. In this paper, a new framework of low-carbon manufacturing is constructed, the load on the crane of the offshore wind power installation platform is analyzed, and the dynamic load generated by the crane during lifting, rotating, and luffing is analyzed in detail. The simulation results are compared with the empirical formula provided by the crane design specification and the dynamic analysis results of the crane, which proves the rationality of the simulation results and the dynamic theoretical analysis. And the wind load on the crane is calculated, which provides support for the rigid-flexible coupling dynamic analysis of other parts of the solution. Based on the dynamic simulation and load analysis of the offshore platform crane, the low-carbon optimization design of the offshore platform pile leg is carried out, the carbon emission of the whole life cycle is optimized, and the feasibility of the scheme is verified.
Reusing and Extending Standards-Based Unit Manufacturing Process Models for Characterizing Sustainability Performance
Authors: Raman Arvind Shankar , Morris K. C. , Haapala Karl R. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Over the past two decades, numerous efforts have characterized manufacturing processes for sustainability performance. These efforts have been pursued primarily by manufacturing researchers in academic and governmental labs, and involve the development of frameworks, methodologies, and standards for characterizing discrete manufacturing processes and their representation as information models. Furthermore, characterization of sustainability performance of manufacturing process flows has been attempted through linking, or composing, these unit manufacturing process (UMP) models. This paper reviews these efforts and identifies existing research gaps that should be addressed by academic, industrial, and governmental researchers. The review includes the relevant sustainable manufacturing standards that have been recently published by ASTM International. A methodology for creating and extending composable models of UMPs that build upon these standards is presented. This research demonstrates how formalization of these prior efforts can address the identified gaps. It is shown that the reuse of UMP models can be enabled by encapsulating specific characteristics of complex processes into information models that can be applied for detailed process analysis and evaluation. This research proposes the concept of a template UMP information model, which can further be abstracted and customized to represent an application-specific, higher-order manufacturing process model. The template model concept is illustrated for manual and computer numerically controlled (CNC) milling processes.
Study of Electroencephalograph-Based Evaluation Method of Car Sound Quality
Authors: Xie Liping , Lu Chihua , Liu Zhien , Zhu Yawei , Xu Tao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Those methods that are applied to evaluate car sound quality by means of the scoring mode cannot guarantee the universality of results. Some studies have shown that the sound-induced change of electroencephalograph (EEG) can reflect human cerebral activities and mental perceptions. Thus, EEG is introduced here to evaluate the car sound quality, and a new method is put forward to map the powerful sound quality on account of EEG-based physiological acoustic index (EPAI). Twelve types of EEG features are selected in views of time and frequency domains and entropy feature to establish the feature matrix, and the difference of car sounds with the powerful sound quality are identified by means of five classifiers. Then, the correlation between the powerful sound quality and 12 types of EEG features is further analyzed to screen out the effective EEG features that are strongly related to the powerful car sound quality. Subsequently, seven EPAIs are defined by means of regression model based on three effective EEG features, which are the second-order difference (SOD), power spectral density (PSD) of gamma (PSD_γ), and differential entropy (DE), respectively. Our results show that the support vector machine (SVM) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) models can be applied to effectively identify the difference of powerful car sounds, and the correlations between SOD, PSD_γ, and DE and the powerful sound quality are high, which are up to 0.86, 0.88, and 0.85, respectively, and our EPAIs 1, 2, and 4 can map the powerful car sound quality where the EPAI 4 results in the best evaluation effect. It is also proved that our EPAIs can reflect the subjective perception of participants under stimulation of the powerful sound quality, and EEG can be used as an evaluation method of car sound quality.
Characterization and Analysis of the Thermal Conductivity of AlSi10Mg Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Elkholy Ahmed , Quinn Paul , Uí Mhurchadha Sinéad M. , Raghavendra Ramesh , Kempers Roger 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Laser-based powder bed fusion (L-PBF) of AlSi10Mg can be used to fabricate complex, light-weight structures with high thermal conductivity. Much effort has gone into investigating the mechanical behavior of L-PBF components; however, few studies investigated their thermal properties. This investigation characterizes the effect of process parameters on the relative density and thermal conductivity of L-PBF AlSi10Mg. Exposure time, laser power, pointwise distance, and build orientation were examined. Results show that changing these parameters can affect the thermal conductivity by up to 22%. For example, build orientation and pointwise distance influenced the thermal conductivity by 12.9% and 10%, respectively. As the pointwise distance increased, both the conductivity and the distance between the melt pool boundaries decreased, whereas the laser power had a negligible effect on both. The effect of exposure time was mainly dependent on the pointwise distance. It is shown that thermal conductivity is not only related to the relative density of the samples, but the number of the melt pool boundaries in the microstructure also plays a significant role in interrupting the heat flow. A new factor is introduced to account for the number of melt pool boundaries per unit length in the direction of heat flow, which helps to explain the variation in thermal conductivity for samples manufactured with high energy densities which had almost negligible difference in relative density.
A Novel Asymmetric Face Gear Cut by Duplex Face-Milling With Multiple Auxiliary Flank Modification Motions
Authors: Lee Yi-Hui , Chen Kuan-Hung , Fong Zhang-Hua 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Face gear sets, comprising a face gear and a cylindrical pinion, are used in the crossed axes transmission with the advantages of easy assembly and a large gear ratio. Based on the geometry of a pinion tooth flank, the tooth surface of the face gear is derived and manufactured by gear hobbing or shaping processes. However, the hobbing and shaping processes to make a face gear require special machine attachments to achieve the spatial relationship between the gear cutter and the workpiece of the face gear. These special machine attachments are not always available in a typical gear-machining factory, so this study develops a manufacturing process that uses a standard spiral bevel gear generator and standard face-milling cutting tools to produce a face gear. The productivity and the gear quality of a face gear that is made using the proposed cutting method are similar to that for a spiral bevel gear that is produced by indexed duplex cutting. The machine settings for the spiral bevel gear generator are derived using the tooth surface of a face gear, which is conjugated to the tooth surface of specific pinion. This study uses a duplex face-milling method with multiple auxiliary flank modification motions to minimize the flank normal deviation between the conjugate and the generated face gear. A numerical example and a cutting experiment are performed to verify the feasibility of the proposed methodology.
Cancer patients’ needs assessment in primary care: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial (cRCT), economic evaluation and normalisation process theory evaluation of the needs assessment tool cancer (CANAssess)
Authors: Clark Joseph , Copsey Bethan , Wright-Hughes Alexandra , McNaught Emma , Bijsterveld Petra , McCormack Terry , Foy Robbie , Wilkes Scott , Dickson Jon Mark , Meads David , Farrin Amanda , Johnson Miriam 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionUnmet needs in patients with cancer and their carers are common but poorly identified and addressed. The Needs Assessment Tool-Cancer (NAT-C) is a structured consultation guide to identify and triage patient and carer unmet needs. The NAT-C is validated, but its effectiveness in reducing unmet patient and carer needs in primary care is unknown.Methods and analysisCluster randomised controlled trial with internal pilot and embedded process evaluation to test the clinical and cost effectiveness of the NAT-C in primary care for people with active cancer in reducing unmet patient and carer need, compared with usual care. We will recruit 1080 patients with active cancer (and carers if relevant) from 54 general practices in England.Participating practices will be randomised 1:1 to either deliver an NAT-guided clinical consultation plus usual care or to usual care alone. Consenting participants with active cancer and their carers (if nominated) will be asked to complete study questionnaires at baseline, 1 and 3 months for all, 6 months except for those recruited outside of the last 3 months of recruitment, and attend an NAT-C appointment if allocated to an intervention practice. An internal pilot will assess: site and participant recruitment, intervention uptake and follow-up rates. The primary outcome, the proportion of patients with an unmet need on the Supportive Care Needs Survey Short Form 34 at 3 months postregistration, will be analysed using a multilevel logistic regression. Mixed-methods process evaluation informed by Normalisation Process Theory will use quantitative survey and interview data from clinicians and key stakeholders in cancer care to develop an implementation strategy for nationwide rollout of the NAT-C if the intervention is cost-effective.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval from London-Surrey REC (20/LO/0312). Results will be peer-reviewed, published and made available to research participants.Trial registration numberISRCTN15497400.
Impact of an e-cigarette tax on cigarette and e-cigarette use in a middle-income country: a study from Indonesia using a pre–post design
Authors: Kowitt Sarah D , Anshari Dien , Orlan Elizabeth N , Kim KyungSu , Ranney Leah M , Goldstein Adam O , Byron M Justin 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesIndonesia implemented its first e-cigarette regulation in 2018, a 57% tax on the retail price of e-cigarette liquid (e-liquid), exceeding the 40% average tax on cigarettes. Economic research suggests that this tax could unintentionally increase cigarette smoking among dual users, but this has not been examined in a low-income or middle-income country. We therefore investigated the effects of the e-liquid tax among adults in Indonesia.DesignPre–post study.SettingIndonesia.ParticipantsAdults who currently used e-cigarettes and either currently or occasionally smoked cigarettes or recently quit were recruited using Facebook and Instagram ads. Our follow-up response rate was 79%. A final sample of 1039 adults participated.Primary outcome measuresE-cigarette and cigarette use.ResultsFollowing the e-liquid tax, participants reported paying a 4.4% higher price for e-liquid (p=0.02). Participants also reported an average 0.5-day decrease in the number of days they used e-cigarettes in the past week (p<0.001), and the proportion of daily e-cigarette users decreased (75.9% to 63.6%; p<0.001). Overall, reported use of cigarettes also declined, on average, by nine cigarettes per week. Participants who reported decreasing their e-cigarette use had higher odds of reporting increasing their cigarette use rather than reporting no change (adjusted OR: 2.99; 95% CI: 1.95 to 4.59). Further, as participants reported using e-cigarettes less frequently, they reported using cigarettes more frequently (β=−2.41, p=0.007).ConclusionsFollowing an e-liquid tax in Indonesia, prices of e-liquid increased slightly, e-cigarette and cigarette use declined, and people who reported decreasing their e-cigarette use reported increasing their cigarette use. To avoid encouraging cigarette use, a prudent approach would be to raise cigarette taxes concurrently with e-cigarette taxes.
Effects of maternal docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on brain development and neurodevelopmental outcomes of breastfed preterm neonates: protocol for a follow-up at preschool age of a randomised clinical trial (MOBYDIckPS)
Authors: Guillot Mireille , Robitaille Carole-Anne , Turner Laurence , Pronovost Etienne , Caouette Georges , Matte-Gagné Célia , Olivier François , Bartholomew Julie , Massé Édith , Morin Alyssa , Mohamed Ibrahim , Marc Isabelle 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionDocosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid, is important for brain development with possible implications in neurodevelopmental outcomes. In the two-arm, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled Maternal Omega-3 Supplementation to Reduce Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Very Preterm Infants trial, very preterm infants (<29 weeks’ gestation) were supplemented in high doses of DHA or placebo until they reached 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age. We propose a long-term neurodevelopmental follow-up of these children. This protocol details the follow-up at 5 years of age, which aims to (1) confirm our long-term recruitment capacity and (2) determine the spectrum of neurodevelopmental outcomes at preschool age following neonatal DHA supplementation.Methods and analysisThis long-term follow-up involves children (n=194) born to mothers (n=170) randomised to DHA (n=85) or placebo (n=85) from the five sites in Quebec when they will be 5 years’ corrected age. The primary outcome measure is related to the long-term recruitment capacity, which we determined as successful if 75% (±10%, 95% CI) of the eligible children consent to the 5-year follow-up study. Interviews with mothers will be conducted to assess various aspects of neurodevelopment at preschool age (executive functions, behavioural problems, global development and health-related quality of life), evaluated with standardised neurodevelopmental questionnaires. In addition, a semistructured interview conducted in a subset of the mothers will be used to determine their acceptability and identify barriers and enablers to their eventual participation to the next phase of the trial. This follow-up study will require approximately 22 months to be completed.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Ethics Board (MP-20-2022-5926). Mothers will provide informed consent before participating in this study. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberNCT02371460.
Application of a risk-guided strategy to secondary prevention of coronary heart disease: analysis from a state-wide data linkage in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Huynh Quan L , Nghiem Son , Byrnes Joshua , Scuffham Paul A , Marwick Thomas 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveThis study sought whether higher risk patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) benefit more from intensive disease management.DesignLongitudinal cohort study.SettingState-wide public hospitals (Queensland, Australia).ParticipantsThis longitudinal study included 20 426 patients hospitalised in 2010 with CHD as the principal diagnosis. Patients were followed-up for 5 years.Primary and secondary outcomes and measuresThe primary outcome was days alive and out of hospital (DAOH) within 5 years of hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes included all-cause readmission and all-cause mortality. A previously developed and validated risk score (PEGASUS-TIMI54) was used to estimate the risk of secondary events. Data on sociodemography, comorbidity, interventions and medications were also collected.ResultsHigh-risk patients (n=6573, risk score ≥6) had fewer DAOH (∆=−142 days (95% CI: −152 to –131)), and were more likely to readmit or die (all p<0.001) than their low-risk counterparts (n=13 367, risk score <6). Compared with patients who were never prescribed a medication, those who consumed maximal dose of betablockers (∆=39 days (95% CI: 11 to 67)), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (∆=74 days (95% CI: 49 to 99)) or statins (∆=109 days (95% CI: 90 to 128)) had significantly greater DAOH. Patients who received percutaneous coronary intervention (∆=99 days (95% CI: 81 to 116)) or coronary artery bypass grafting (∆=120 days (95% CI: 92 to 148)) also had significantly greater DAOH than those who did not. The effect sizes of these therapies were significantly greater in high-risk patients, compared with low-risk patients (interaction p<0.001). Analysis of secondary outcomes also found significant interaction between both medical and interventional therapies with readmission and death, implicating greater benefits for high-risk patients.ConclusionsCHD patients can be effectively risk-stratified, and use of this information for a risk-guided strategy to prioritise high-risk patients may maximise benefits from additional resources spent on intensive disease management.
Metabolic disorders and the risk of head and neck cancer: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gormley Alexander , Richards Charlotte , Spiga Francesca , Gray Emily , Hooper Joanna , Main Barry , Vincent Emma E , Richmond Rebecca , Higgins Julian , Gormley Mark 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionHead and neck cancer squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer internationally. Established risk factors include smoking, alcohol and presence of human papillomavirus (HPV). The incidence rate of new disease continues to rise, despite falls in alcohol consumption and a reduction in smoking, the rising rates are unlikely to be solely attributed to HPV status alone. Obesity and its associated conditions such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) are implicated in the risk and progression of a variety of cancers, but there is paucity of evidence regarding its role in HNSCC.Methods and analysisA systematic review of cohort studies, reporting a risk of incident HNSCC, will be included. A systematic search strategy has been developed, multiple databases will be searched from January 1966 to November 2021, including Cochrane Library, OVID SP versions of Medline and EMBASE. The primary outcome will be incident HNSCC based on exposures of T2D, obesity, dyslipidaemia and hypertension as defined by the WHO. A combined risk effect across studies will be calculated using meta-analysis, although depending on the heterogeneity in study design, exposure and outcome reporting this may not be possible.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval is required for this systematic review. The review will be published in a relevant peer-review journal and findings will be presented at scientific meetings in both poster and oral presentation form.PROSPERO registration number detailsThis study has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with study registration number CRD42021250520. This protocol has been developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidance statement.