bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early versus delayed reconstruction for bile duct injury a multicenter retrospective analysis of a hepatopancreaticobiliary group
Authors: Conde Monroy Danny , Torres Gómez Paula , Rey Chaves Carlos Eduardo , Recamán Andrea , Pardo Manuel , Sabogal Juan Carlos 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCommon bile duct injury is a severe complication. It is related to increased rates of morbidity and mortality. Early recognition and on-time diagnosis plus multidisciplinary management of this disease led by a hepatobiliary surgeon show fewer complications rate and best postoperative outcomes. However, no guidelines exist about the proper time of reconstruction. This study aims to describe the experience of a specialized Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary (HPB) group and to analyze the outcomes regarding the time of bile duct injury (BDI) repair. A multicenter retrospective review of a prospective database was conducted. All the patients older than 18 years old that underwent common bile duct reconstruction between January 2014 and December 2021 were included. Analysis and description of preoperative characteristics and postoperative outcomes were performed. A reconstruction time-based group differentiation was made and analyzed. 44 patients underwent common bile duct reconstruction between January 2014 and December 2021. 56.82% of the patients were female. The mean age was 53.27 years ± 20.7 years. The most common injury was type E2 (29.55%). Hepaticojejunostomy was performed in 81.81% (of the patients. Delayed reconstruction (> 72 h) was performed in the majority of the cases (75.00%) due to delays in the referral centers or poor condition. No statistically significant difference regarding complications in early or delayed BDI reconstruction. The mortality rate was 2.7% (n = 1). 2-year follow-up bilioenteric stenosis was observed in 7 patients. Biloma showed a statistical relationship with complex bile duct injuries (p = 0.02). Bile duct injury is a severe and complex postoperative complication that increases morbidity and mortality rates in the short and long term in patients undergoing cholecystectomy. In our study, there were no statistical differences between the timing of bile duct reconstruction and the postoperative outcomes; we identified the presence of biloma as a statistically related factor associated with complex bile duct injury; however, further prospective or studies with an increased sample size are required to prove our results.
A method for increasing electroporation competence of Gram-negative clinical isolates by polymyxin B nonapeptide
Authors: Qin Jilong , Hong Yaoqin , Pullela Karthik , Morona Renato , Henderson Ian R. , Totsika Makrina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe study of clinically relevant bacterial pathogens relies on molecular and genetic approaches. However, the generally low transformation frequency among natural isolates poses technical hurdles to widely applying common methods in molecular biology, including transformation of large constructs, chromosomal genetic manipulation, and dense mutant library construction. Here we demonstrate that culturing clinical isolates in the presence of polymyxin B nonapeptide (PMBN) improves their transformation frequency via electroporation by up to 100-fold in a dose-dependent and reversible manner. The effect was observed for PMBN-binding uropathogenicEscherichia coli(UPEC) andSalmonella entericastrains but not naturally polymyxin resistantProteus mirabilis. Using our PMBN electroporation method we show efficient delivery of large plasmid constructs into UPEC, which otherwise failed using a conventional electroporation protocol. Moreover, we show a fivefold increase in the yield of engineered mutant colonies obtained inS. entericawith the widely used lambda-Red recombineering method, when cells are cultured in the presence of PMBN. Lastly, we demonstrate that PMBN treatment can enhance the delivery of DNA-transposase complexes into UPEC and increase transposon mutant yield by eightfold when constructing Transposon Insertion Sequencing (TIS) libraries. Therefore, PMBN can be used as a powerful electropermeabilisation adjuvant to aid the delivery of DNA and DNA–protein complexes into clinically important bacteria.
Analysing the effect of gender on the human–machine interaction in level 3 automated vehicles
Authors: Li Shuo , Blythe Phil , Zhang Yanghanzi , Edwards Simon , Guo Weihong , Ji Yanjie , Goodman Paul , Hill Graeme , Namdeo Anil 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe emergence of the level 3 automated vehicles (L3 AVs) can enable drivers to be completely disengaged from driving and safely perform other non-driving related tasks, but sometimes their takeover of control of the vehicle is required. The takeover of control is an important human–machine interaction in L3 AVs. However, little research has focused on investigating the effect of gender on takeover performance. In order to fill this research gap, a driving simulator study with 76 drivers (33 females and 43 males) was conducted. The participants took over control from L3 AVs, and the timing and quality of takeover were measured. The results show that although there was no significant difference in most of the measurements adopted to quantify takeover performance between female and male. Gender did affect takeover performance slightly, with women exhibited slightly better performance than men. Compared to men, women exhibited a smaller percentage of hasty takeovers and slightly faster reaction times as well as slightly more stable operation of the steering wheel. The findings highlight that it is important for both genders to recognise they can use and interact with L3 AVs well, and more hands-on experience and teaching sessions could be provided to deepen their understanding of L3 AVs. The design of the car interiors of L3 AVs should also take into account gender differences in the preferences of users for different non-driving related tasks.
Independent evolution of highly variable, fragmented mitogenomes of parasitic lice
Authors: Sweet Andrew D. , Johnson Kevin P. , Cameron Stephen L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of bilaterian animals are highly conserved structures that usually consist of a single circular chromosome. However, several species of parasitic lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) possess fragmented mitogenomes, where the mitochondrial genes are present on separate, circular chromosomes. Nevertheless, the extent, causes, and consequences of this structural variation remain poorly understood. Here, we combined new and existing data to better understand the evolution of mitogenome fragmentation in major groups of parasitic lice. We found strong evidence that fragmented mitogenomes evolved many times within parasitic lice and that the level of fragmentation is highly variable, including examples of heteroplasmic arrangements. We also found a significant association between mitochondrial fragmentation and signatures of relaxed selection. Mitochondrial fragmentation was also associated with changes to a lower AT%, possibly due to differences in mutation biases. Together, our results provide a significant advance in understanding the process of mitogenome fragmentation and provide an important perspective on mitochondrial evolution in eukaryotes.
Optimizing vortex pinning in YBa2Cu3O7-x superconducting films up to high magnetic fields
Authors: Vallès Ferran , Palau Anna , Abraimov Dmytro , Jaroszynski Jan , Constantinescu Anca-Monia , Mundet Bernat , Obradors Xavier , Larbalestier David , Puig Teresa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe magnetic flux pinning capabilities of YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) coated conductors vary strongly across different regions of the magnetic field–temperature phase diagram and with the orientation of the magnetic field θ. Here, we determine the optimal pinning landscape for a given region of the phase diagram by investigating the critical current density Jc(H,θ,T) in the 5–77 K temperature range, from self-field to high magnetic fields of 35 T. Our systematic analysis reveals promising routes for artificially engineering YBCO coated conductors in any region of interest of the phase diagram. In solution-derived nanocomposites, we identify the relevance of coexisting high amounts of short stacking faults, Cu-O vacancy clusters, and segmentation of twin boundaries, in combination with nanoparticles, for enhanced pinning performance at high magnetic fields and low temperatures. Moreover, we demonstrate that twin boundaries preserve a high pinning energy in thick YBCO films, which is beneficial for the pinning performance at high magnetic fields and high temperatures.
Microbial communities in developmental stages of lucinid bivalves
Authors: Zauner Sarah , Vogel Margaret , Polzin Julia , Yuen Benedict , Mußmann Marc , El-Hacen El-Hacen M , Petersen Jillian M 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Bivalves from the family Lucinidae host sulfur-oxidizing bacterial symbionts, which are housed inside specialized gill epithelial cells and are assumed to be acquired from the environment. However, little is known about the Lucinidae life cycle and symbiont acquisition in the wild. Some lucinid species broadcast their gametes into the surrounding water column, however, a few have been found to externally brood their offspring by the forming gelatinous egg masses. So far, symbiont transmission has only been investigated in one species that reproduces via broadcast spawning. Here, we show that the lucinid Loripes orbiculatus from the West African coast forms egg masses and these are dominated by diverse members of the Alphaproteobacteria, Clostridia, and Gammaproteobacteria. The microbial communities of the egg masses were distinct from those in the environments surrounding lucinids, indicating that larvae may shape their associated microbiomes. The gill symbiont of the adults was undetectable in the developmental stages, supporting horizontal transmission of the symbiont with environmental symbiont acquisition after hatching from the egg masses. These results demonstrate that L. orbiculatus acquires symbionts from the environment independent of the host’s reproductive strategy (brooding or broadcast spawning) and reveal previously unknown associations with microbes during lucinid early development.
Infrared view of the multiphase ISM in NGC 253
Authors: Beck A. , Lebouteiller V. , Madden S. C. , Iserlohe C. , Krabbe A. , Ramambason L. , Fischer C. , Kaźmierczak-Barthel M. , Latzko S. T. , Pérez-Beaupuits J. P. 
Published: July 2022

Context. Massive star formation leads to enrichment of the interstellar medium with heavy elements. On the other hand, the abundance of heavy elements is a key parameter with which to study the star-formation history of galaxies. Furthermore, the total molecular hydrogen mass, usually determined by converting CO or [C II]158 μm luminosities, depends on the metallicity as well. However, the excitation of metallicity-sensitive emission lines depends on the gas density of the H II regions where they arise.
Aims. We used spectroscopic observations of the nuclear region of the starburst galaxy NGC 253 from SOFIA, Herschel, and Spitzer, as well as photometric observations from GALEX, 2MASS, Spitzer, and Herschel in order to derive physical properties such as the optical depth to correct for extinction, as well as the gas density and metallicity of the central region.
Methods. Ratios of the integrated line fluxes of several species were utilised to derive the gas density and metallicity. The [O III] along with the [S III] and [N II] line flux ratios, for example, are sensitive to the gas density but nearly independent of the local temperature. As these line ratios trace different gas densities and ionisation states, we examined whether or not these lines could originate from different regions within the observing beam. The ([Ne II]13 μm + [Ne III]16 μm)/Hα line flux ratio on the other hand is independent of the depletion onto dust grains but sensitive to the Ne/H abundance ratio and is used as a tracer for metallicity of the gas.
Results. We derived values for gas phase abundances of the most important species, as well as estimates for the optical depth and the gas density of the ionised gas in the nuclear region of NGC 253. We obtained densities of at least two different ionised components (< 84 cm−3 and ∼170−212 cm−3) and a metallicity of solar value.
Eine explorative Analyse situativer Einflussfaktoren auf die
Auswahlsituation der ambulanten ärztlichen Berufsausübungsart in
Anstellung
Authors: Faber Aylin , Daumann Frank 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Die Daten aus dem Bundesarztregister der Kassenärztlichen
Bundesvereinigung (KBV) belegen Verschiebungen in der ambulanten
ärztlichen Berufsausübungsart hin zu einer angestellten
Tätigkeit. Diese Erhebung erforscht explorativ Situationskriterien, die
Einfluss auf die Auswahl der ambulanten Anstellung nehmen.
Methodik Zehn Träger von MVZ mit mehr als zehn KV-Sitzen wurden im
Herbst 2019 kontaktiert. Hiervon erklärten sich sechs
personalverantwortliche Stellen zu einer Interviewteilnahme bereit. Die
Leitfadenkonzeption basierte auf einer ausführlichen Literaturrecherche.
Die Datenauswertung erfolgte aufgrund des explorativen Charakters anhand der
Grounded Theory Methode: Aus den ersten Ergebnissen ergaben sich Hinweise auf
weitere relevante Wissensträger, wie Personalberater und
Repräsentanten der Kassenärztlichen Vereinigungen (KV).
Ergebnisse 15 Interviews wurden mit MVZ-Managern (6), Personalberatern (5)
und KV-Repräsentanten (4) zwischen September 2019 und Mai 2020
geführt. Die ambulante Anstellung ist als vorübergehendes
erwerbsbiografisches Phänomen zum Zwecke des Risikomanagements zu
beschreiben. Der Wissenstransfer, die Risikobereitschaft, erwerbsbiografische
und soziodemografische Aspekte beeinflussen die individuelle
Auswahlsituation.
Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse bilden die Grundlage für sich
anschließende Forschungsprojekte, um
Unterstützungsmaßnahmen für die Sicherstellung der
ambulanten Versorgung ableiten zu können.
Estimating the Lexical Breadth and Depth in Bilingual Indian Children Aged between 5 and 11 Years of Age
Authors: Rego Priya Pauline , Karuppali Sudhin , Bhat Jayashree S. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives Lexical breadth of knowledge is the quantity of words that the individual knows with regard to vocabulary size of the learner; while lexical depth is the learner's knowledge and mastery level of various semantic relations of a given word. Both measures have been used in the assessment of speaking/writing skills of first (L1) and second (L2) language users. The current study aims to explore the lexical knowledge of typically developing school going bilingual Indian children.
Methods Seventy-two Konkani (L1) and English (L2) speaking children (between 5 and 11 years of age) were recruited in the study. The study was performed in three phases. Phase 1 comprised of developing the experimental tasks (lexical breadth and lexical depth); phase 2 included the data collection; and phase 3 focused on data and statistical analysis. Mean and standard deviation of the total number of words and total number of different words were analyzed. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance test was done to assess the level of significance (p < 0.05) across the groups for both tasks. Paired t-test was done to assess the interaction effect between age and language.
Results The results indicated an overall increase in lexical breadth and depth across age for L1 and L2. The interaction between the two languages has been discussed in detail.
Conclusion The findings of this study may help pave way toward future explorations to address issues pertaining to the complex interaction of L1 and L2 languages in bilinguals.
Assessing Language Skills in Bilingual Children: Current Trends in Research and Practice
Authors: Freeman Max R. , Schroeder Scott R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA continuously challenging issue in the field of speech–language pathology is accurately identifying and diagnosing a language disorder in school-aged (pre-kindergarten through 5th grade) bilingual children, as bilingual children are disproportionately under- and overidentified with a language disorder. The current review focuses on the assessment of bilingual children in pre-kindergarten through fifth grade, aimed to inform teachers, pediatricians, parents, and other relevant professionals of issues surrounding assessment of these dual-language learners. We examine the barriers to assessing bilingual children for language disorders, such as the lack of availability of bilingual tests, underinformative current best practice guidelines, lack of speech–language pathologist (SLP) training/knowledge of bilingualism, and use of interpreters. We discuss the necessary considerations when SLPs use norm-referenced tests with bilingual children, such as norming samples, accurate identification of a language disorder, reliability and validity, test administration, and potential solutions to using otherwise poorly suited norm-referenced tests. We also consider research on several alternative measures to norm-referenced assessments, including dynamic assessment, nonword repetition, language sampling, nonlinguistic cognition, and parent report. We conclude by synthesizing the information in this review to offer six principles of best practices for bilingual assessment.
15.3.4 Quinolines (Update 2022)
Authors: Sharma U. , Kumar R. , Gupta S. S. , Chandra D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe quinoline structure (also referred to as benzo[b]pyridine or 1-azanaphthalene) is the most explored heteroaromatic ring system, with compounds having this unit exhibiting pharmacological activities and featuring in several marketed drugs. Therefore, in this contibution, an update to the previous Science of Synthesis chapter on quinolines has been compiled, covering the literature reported between 2005 and 2020. Diverse routes to access the quinoline core, as well methods for the preparation of functionalized quinolines, have been collated, which originate from a wide array of starting materials. The strategies covered include condensations, annulations, metal-catalyzed approaches, oxidations, cyclizations, tandem reactions, and many more.
46.5.7 Three-Component Coupling Reactions that Generate 1,3-Dienes
Authors: Sloane S. E. , Behlow K. T. , Mills M. D. , Clark J. R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThree-component coupling reactions have emerged as an atom-economical approach to generate a wide variety of new molecular architectures containing a 1,3-diene. While a variety of methods exist to generate 1,3-dienes, three-component coupling reactions permit stereoselective access to unique substitution patterns within this privileged functionality. Dienes are ubiquitous in natural products and bioactive molecules, and also serve as important building blocks in organic synthesis. Transition-metal-catalyzed three-component couplings that employ a nickel, copper, palladium, ruthenium, palladium/copper, chromium, or indium catalyst can provide access to a diverse array of 1,3-dienes. Organocatalytic three-component coupling reactions offer an alternate route to 1,3-dienes without the use of a metal catalyst. The multiple synthetic methods to generate 1,3-dienes using a three-component coupling approach bring diversity to the organic chemistry toolbox, and these methods are discussed in this chapter.
Fluid simulation on effect of background magnetic field on plasma characteristics in a Hall thruster
Authors: Li Nannan , Liu Yue , Liu Chao , Wu Mingyang 
Published: July 2022

Herein, the effect of the background magnetic field on plasma characteristics in a Hall thruster is numerically investigated using DUT-HTFS [Li et al., AIP Adv. 12, 015117 (2022)], an integrated fluid simulation platform on Hall thruster plasmas. The research shows that the background magnetic field significantly influences the distribution of the plasma density, especially the radial profiles of the plasma density near the ionization region and the acceleration region. In addition, the positions of the peak values of the electron power absorptions mainly occur near the dielectric walls of the exhaust plane, and the electron power absorption mechanism is mainly dominated by the Ohmic heating. The peak values of the axial electron current density on the inner and outer dielectric walls are higher than that on the centerline. This phenomenon is closely related to the near wall conduction mechanism of the electrons. In addition, the background magnetic field significantly influences the shapes, positions, and magnitudes of the peak values of the plasma parameters, such as the plasma density, the electron current density, the axial electric field, the electric potential, and the ionization rate. These results will help us to provide a valuable reference and reduce the risk for the experimental test programs and the applications of Hall thrusters in the future.
Determination of ewe behaviour around lambing time and prediction of parturition 7 days prior to lambing by tri-axial accelerometer sensors in an extensive farming system
Authors: Sohi Rajneet , Almasi Fazel , Nguyen Hien , Carroll Alexandra , Trompf Jason , Weerasinghe Maneka , Bervan Aidin , Godoy Boris I. , Ahmed Awais , Stear Michael J. , Desai Aniruddha , Jois Markandeya 
Published: July 2022

Context Lamb loss and dyctocia are two major challenges in extensive farming systems. While visual observation can be impractical due to the large sizes of paddocks, number of animals and high labour cost, wearable sensors can be used to monitor the behaviour of ewes as there might be changes in their activities prior to lambing. This provides sufficient time for the farm manager to nurse those ewes that are at risk of dyctocia. Aim The objective of this study was to determine whether the behaviour of a pregnant ewe could predict the time of parturition. Methods Two separate trials were conducted: the first trial (T1), with 32 ewes, included human/video observations, and the second trial (T2), with 165 ewes, conducted with no humans present, to emulate real extensive farming settings. The ewes were fitted with tri-axial accelerometer sensors by means of halters. Three-dimensional movement data were collected for a period of at least 7 and 14 days in T1 and T2 respectively. The sensor units were retrieved, and their data downloaded using ActiGraph software. Ewe behaviour was determined through support vector machine learning (SVM) algorithm, including licking, grazing, rumination, walking, and idling. The behaviours of ewes predicted by analysis of sensor data were compared with behaviours determined using visual observation (video recordings), with time synchronisation to validate the results. Deep learning and neural-network algorithms were used to predict lambing time. Key results The concordance percentages between visual observation and sensor data were 90 ± 11, 81 ± 15, 95 ± 10, 96 ± 6, and 93 ± 8% ± s.d. for grazing, licking, rumination, idling, and walking respectively. The deep-learning model predicted the time of lambing with 90% confidence via a quantile regression method, which can be interpereted as 90% prediction intervals, and shows that the time of lambing can be predicted with reasonable confidence approximately 240 h before the actual lambing events. Conclusion It was possible to predict the time of parturition up to 10 days before lambing. Implications The behaviour of ewes around lambing time has a direct effect on the survival of the lambs and therefore plays an important part in animal management. This knowledge could improve the productivity of sheep and considerably decrease lamb mortality rates.