bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the correlation of macro-fine parameters of surrounding rock in sand and cobble tunnel based on discrete element
Authors: Zhao Peng , Ma Weibin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
As a mixture of soil and rock, the deformation of surrounding rock caused by tunnel excavation in the sandy cobble stratum is affected by the meso-structure of the stratum. In this paper, the mechanical and engineering characteristics of sandy cobble soil are studied in depth using a laboratory large-scale triaxial test and discrete element numerical simulation test, and the effects of main microscopic parameters on the characteristics of sandy cobble soil are analyzed, including the same specimen size, moisture content, compactness, confining pressure as well as loading method. The microscopic parameters such as contact modulus E

c
, friction coefficient f

r
, and stiffness bond ratio n of sandy pebble soil can be obtained. Meanwhile, the accuracy and uniqueness of microscopic parameters are determined using the response surface method. Moreover, the influence of different contact modulus and friction coefficient on the macroscopic mechanical properties of sandy pebble soil is quantitatively analyzed. The obtained conclusions are drawn as follows: the elastic modulus of sandy pebble soil decreases with the increase of water content. The peak value point of the stress-strain curve of sandy pebble soil increases with the increase of contact modulus and friction coefficient, respectively. The relationship between peak stress and the two types of fine-scale parameters can both be described by logarithmic functions. Compared to fine-grained soils, sandy pebble soils start to break down at about 3.5% of the axial strain, and the sandy cobble soil can still bear a certain load after reaching the peak strength. The results can provide a reference for the calculation and discrete element simulation of tunnels in sand and pebble strata.
Crack extension analysis and fatigue life assessment of single lug and yoke joints containing initial defects
Authors: Ma Shuai , Duan Jinhui , Cheng Jiansheng , Li Fei , Wang Ru , Zhou Lijun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
To investigate the impact of initial cracks on the fatigue performance of single lug and yoke joints, fatigue testing was performed for defective welding joint models. The crack extension behaviors were investigated based on the theories of fracture mechanics using ANSYS-FRANC3D interactive technology, and the effects of the initial crack location, morphology pattern, and surface angle on fatigue performance were determined. The results showed a fatigue failure mode in which the crack extended along the welding line for single lug and yoke joints. The fatigue life was shorter when the initial crack was in the corner of the single lug plate. Moreover, the crack growth rates during the early stage of crack extension varied significantly with different initial crack morphology patterns. However, the crack growth rates during the later stages were similar to one another. The remaining fatigue life increased with the shape ratio for the same crack depth. Finally, the crack growth rate was the fastest, and the remaining fatigue life was the shortest when the initial crack surface angle was inclined toward the stress concentration area.
Wear characteristics of austenitic steel and martensitic steel at high temperature
Authors: Bai Zhixiong , Su Ning , Yang Hang , Wu Xiaochun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Wear under high temperature is one of the mechanisms of die failure. Therefore, wear resistance at high temperature is an important parameter for selecting die materials. In this work, the wear resistance of SDHA austenitic steel (6Mn14Cr3Mo2Si1V2 steel) and 4Cr5Mo2V martensitic steel at 400 °C–700 °C was investigated using a friction and wear tester. The wear behaviour and oxide type were investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and by X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The results show that the oxides on the worn surface at the test temperatures are Fe2O3 and Fe3O4. With increasing test temperature, from 400 °C to 700 °C, the wear volume of the two steels initially decreases and then increases. Between these two temperatures, the wear volume of SDHA austenitic steel increased from 29.7 mm3 to 81.2 mm3, a 173.4% increase. The wear volume of 4Cr5Mo2V martensitic steel increased from 34.7 mm3 to 134.7 mm3, a 267.4% increase. Hence, SDHA austenitic steel has better wear resistance than 4Cr5Mo2V martensitic steel. This is attributed to excellent hardness stability at high temperature. The coarse M7C3 carbides in 4Cr5Mo2V martensitic steel cause peeling and delamination of the oxide layer, reducing wear resistance at 700 °C.
Science and Management Advancements Made Possible by the USA National Phenology Network's Nature's Notebook Platform
Authors: Crimmins Theresa , Denny Ellen , Posthumus Erin , Rosemartin Alyssa , Croll Rob , Montano Melonee , Panci Hannah 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The USA National Phenology Network was established in 2007 to formalize standardized phenology monitoring across the country. The aims of the network are to collect, store, and share phenology data and information to support scientific discovery, decision-making, an appreciation for phenology, and equitable engagement within the network. To support these aims, the network launched Nature's Notebook, a rigorous platform for monitoring plant and animal phenology, in 2009.
Since the launch of Nature's Notebook, participants across the country have contributed over 30 million phenology records. The participants range from backyard observers with an interest in nature to researchers and natural resource managers asking specific questions. We survey the breadth of studies and applied decisions that have used Nature's Notebook and the consequent data. The dimensionality of the data set maintained by the network is a function of Nature's Notebook users; this insight is key to shaping the network’s future data collection activities.
Leaflet disruption of ViV-TAVI after bioprosthetic valve fracture leading to severe aortic regurgitation: a case report
Authors: Ballout Edouard , Combaret Nicolas , Riocreux Clément , Souteyrand Géraud 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Valve-in-valve (ViV) transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has emerged as an alternative for the treatment of degenerated bioprosthetic valves (BPVs) for high surgical risk patients. However, this procedure often results in patient-prosthesis mismatch. BPV fracture is a novel technique to address this problem. From now, complications following BPV fracture are few.

Case summary
We present the case of a 84-year-old female with history of first surgical aortic BPV replacement with a Mitroflow Sorin 23 mm due to severe aotic stenosis in 2009. In 2017, a second intervention due to bioprosthetic aortic valve stenosis valve was performed with valve-in-valve TAVI with CoreValve Evolut R 23 mm. In 2021, she was admitted with severe heart failure due to TAVI degeneration with severe stenosis in the bioprothesis. After heart team discussions, the patient was deemed inoperable for new heart surgery and considered as a candidate for BPV fracture as last possible alternative. After BPV fracture was performed, the patient suffered acute hypotension. Urgent transoesophageal echocardiography and angiogram demonstrated severe acute intra-TAVI aortic insufficiency because of probable disruption of the CoreValve leaflets. The patient was successfully treated with a ViV 23 mm SAPIEN three Edwards valve with a resolution of the aortic insufficiency and improvement of her haemodynamics. The patient remains asymptomatic after 6 months, with improvement in clinical status.

Discussion
This case demonstrates a disruption of the transcatheter heart valve leaflets causing severe aortic regurgitation as one of the complication of BPV fracture. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a TAVI in a patient who was already operated with ViV-TAVI. Although case series described few complications with improvement in clinical status, the procedure should be established with appropriate planning and careful technique.
A case series of acute responses to high-intensity interval training in four males with permanent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Vidal-Almela Sol , Terada Tasuku , Cole Christie A , O’Neill Carley D , Comeau Katelyn , Marçal Isabela R , Pipe Andrew L , Reed Jennifer L 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a serious medical condition and a burgeoning patient population. Chronic exercise training, including high-intensity interval training (HIIT), has been shown to improve symptoms and quality of life in patients with AF. Yet, the acute responses to HIIT in this population remain understudied, leaving clinicians and patients hesitant about prescribing and engaging in high-intensity exercise, respectively.

Case summary
This case series describes acute exercise responses [i.e. power output, heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), symptoms] to 10 weeks (3 days/week) of HIIT. Participants were four white males (58–80 years old) with permanent AF, co-morbidities (diabetes, coronary artery disease, Parkinson’s disease), and physical limitations. The increases in HR and BP during HIIT were modest across all participants, regardless of age and medication use. Differences in RPE were observed; the oldest participant perceived the sessions as more challenging despite a lower HR response. All patients complied with the HIIT prescription of 80–100% of peak power output by week 4. No adverse events were reported.

Discussion
Patients’ concerns regarding high-intensity exercise may discourage them from participating in HIIT, our results demonstrated no abnormal HR or BP (e.g. hypotension) responses during HIIT or cool-down. These findings align with the typical exercise responses noted in other cardiovascular populations. Notwithstanding the high metabolic demands of HIIT, male patients with permanent AF tolerated HIIT without problem. Further investigation of HIIT as an approach to enable those with AF to recover physical capacity and minimize symptomatology is warranted.
Performance of current risk stratification models for predicting mortality in patients with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Siddiqi Tariq Jamal , Ahmed Aymen , Greene Stephen J , Shahid Izza , Usman Muhammad Shariq , Oshunbade Adebamike , Alkhouli Mohamad , Hall Michael E , Murad Mohammad Hassan , Khera Rohan , Jain Vardhmaan , Van Spall Harriette G C , Khan Muhammad Shahzeb 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
There are several risk scores designed to predict mortality in patients with heart failure (HF). This study aimed to assess performance of risk scores validated for mortality prediction in patients with acute HF (AHF) and chronic HF.

Methods and results
MEDLINE and Scopus were searched from January 2015 to January 2021 for studies which internally or externally validated risk models for predicting all-cause mortality in patients with AHF and chronic HF. Discrimination data were analysed using C-statistics, and pooled using generic inverse-variance random-effects model. Nineteen studies (n = 494 156 patients; AHF: 24 762; chronic HF mid-term mortality: 62 000; chronic HF long-term mortality: 452 097) and 11 risk scores were included. Overall, discrimination of risk scores was good across the three subgroups: AHF mortality [C-statistic: 0.76 (0.68–0.83)], chronic HF mid-term mortality [1 year; C-statistic: 0.74 (0.68–0.79)], and chronic HF long-term mortality [≥2 years; C-statistic: 0.71 (0.69–0.73)]. MEESSI-AHF [C-statistic: 0.81 (0.80–0.83)] and MARKER-HF [C-statistic: 0.85 (0.80–0.89)] had an excellent discrimination for AHF and chronic HF mid-term mortality, respectively, whereas MECKI had good discrimination [C-statistic: 0.78 (0.73–0.83)] for chronic HF long-term mortality relative to other models. Overall, risk scores predicting short-term mortality in patients with AHF did not have evidence of poor calibration (Hosmer–Lemeshow P &gt; 0.05). However, risk models predicting mid-term and long-term mortality in patients with chronic HF varied in calibration performance.

Conclusions
The majority of recently validated risk scores showed good discrimination for mortality in patients with HF. MEESSI-AHF demonstrated excellent discrimination in patients with AHF, and MARKER-HF and MECKI displayed an excellent discrimination in patients with chronic HF. However, modest reporting of calibration and lack of head-to-head comparisons in same populations warrant future studies.
Potential of non-Saccharomycesyeast to produce non-alcoholic beer
Authors: Vaštík Peter , Rosenbergová Zuzana , Furdíková Katarína , Klempová Tatiana , Šišmiš Michal , Šmogrovičová Daniela 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTRecently, non-Saccharomyces yeast have become very popular in wine and beer fermentation. Their interesting abilities introduce novel aromatic profiles to the fermented product. In this study, screening of eight non-Saccharomyces yeast (Starmerella bombicola, Lindnera saturnus, Lindnera jadinii, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, Torulaspora delbrueckii, Pichia kluyveri, Candida pulcherrima, and Saccharomycodes ludwigii) revealed their potential in non-alcoholic beer production. Conditions for non-alcoholic beer production were optimised for all strains tested (except T. delbrueckii) with the best results obtained at temperature 10 to 15 °C for maximum of 10 days. Starmerella bombicola, an important industrial producer of biosurfactants, was used for beer production for the first time and was able to produce non-alcoholic beer even at 20°C after 10 days of fermentation. Aromatic profile of the beer fermented with S. bombicola was neutral with no negative impact on organoleptic properties of the beer. The most interesting organoleptic properties were evaluated in beers fermented with L. jadinii and L. saturnus, which produced banana-flavoured beers with low alcohol content. This work confirmed the suitability of mentioned yeast to produce non-alcoholic beers and could serve as a steppingstone for further investigation.
Alteration of pectin metabolism in blood orange fruit (Citrus sinensis cv. Tarocco) in response to vesicle collapse
Authors: Hou Jiao , Yan Dandan , Huang Meizhu , Zeng Kaifang , Yao Shixiang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Segment drying is a severe physiological disorder of citrus fruit, and vesicles become granulated or collapsed. Aside from the hypothesis that alteration of cell wall metabolism is the main factor of citrus granulation, little is known about vesicle collapse. This study aimed to elucidate the changes in pectin metabolism during vesicle collapse in blood orange. Vesicle collapse was characterized by decreased nutrients and increased chelate- and sodium carbonate-soluble pectin and calcium content. The nanostructure of chelate-soluble pectin became complex and developed multi-branching upon collapse. The activity of pectin methylesterase increased, while that of polygalacturonase and pectate lyase decreased upon collapse. Genome-wide transcriptional analysis revealed an increasing pattern of genes encoding pectin methylesterase and other enzymes involved in pectin synthesis and demethylesterification upon collapse. Drying vesicles were characterized by increased abscisic acid content and relevant gene expression. In conclusion, we discovered alteration in pectin metabolism underlying citrus vesicle collapse, mainly promoting pectin demethylesterification, remodeling pectin structures, and further inhibiting pectin degradation, which was hypothesized to be a main factor for citrus collapse. This is the first study to disclose the potential intrinsic mechanism underlying vesicle collapse in orange fruit.
Accounting for population structure in genomic predictions of Eucalyptus globulus
Authors: Callister Andrew N , Bermann Matias , Elms Stephen , Bradshaw Ben P , Lourenco Daniela , Brawner Jeremy T 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Genetic groups have been widely adopted in tree breeding to account for provenance effects within pedigree-derived relationship matrices. However, provenances or genetic groups have not yet been incorporated into single-step genomic BLUP (“HBLUP”) analyses of tree populations. To quantify the impact of accounting for population structure in Eucalyptus globulus, we used HBLUP to compare breeding value predictions from models excluding base population effects and models including either fixed genetic groups or the marker-derived proxies, also known as metafounders. Full-sib families from 2 separate breeding populations were evaluated across 13 sites in the “Green Triangle” region of Australia. Gamma matrices (Γ) describing similarities among metafounders reflected the geographic distribution of populations and the origins of 2 land races were identified. Diagonal elements of Γ provided population diversity or allelic covariation estimates between 0.24 and 0.56. Genetic group solutions were strongly correlated with metafounder solutions across models and metafounder effects influenced the genetic solutions of base population parents. The accuracy, stability, dispersion, and bias of model solutions were compared using the linear regression method. Addition of genomic information increased accuracy from 0.41 to 0.47 and stability from 0.68 to 0.71, while increasing bias slightly. Dispersion was within 0.10 of the ideal value (1.0) for all models. Although inclusion of metafounders did not strongly affect accuracy or stability and had mixed effects on bias, we nevertheless recommend the incorporation of metafounders in prediction models to represent the hierarchical genetic population structure of recently domesticated populations.
Chromoanagenesis in the asy1 meiotic mutant of Arabidopsis
Authors: Guo Weier , Comai Luca , Henry Isabelle M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Chromoanagenesis is a catastrophic event that involves localized chromosomal shattering and reorganization. In this study, we report a case of chromoanagenesis resulting from defective meiosis in the MEIOTIC ASYNAPTIC MUTANT 1 (asy1) background in Arabidopsis thaliana. We provide a detailed characterization of the genomic structure of this individual with a severely shattered segment of chromosome 1. We identified 260 novel DNA junctions in the affected region, most of which affect gene sequence on 1 or both sides of the junction. Our results confirm that asy1-related defective meiosis is a potential trigger for chromoanagenesis. This is the first example of chromoanagenesis associated with female meiosis and indicates the potential for genome evolution during oogenesis.

Plain Language Summary
Chromoanagenesis is a complex and catastrophic event that results in severely restructured chromosomes. It has been identified in cancer cells and in some plant samples, after specific triggering events. Here, we identified this kind of genome restructuring in a mutant that exhibits defective meiosis in the model plant system Arabidopsis thaliana.
Using Conditional Inference Forests to Examine Predictive Ability for Future Falls and Syncope in Older Adults: Results from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing
Authors: Donoghue Orna A , Hernandez Belinda , O’Connell Matthew D L , Kenny Rose Anne 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe extent to which gait and mobility measures predict falls relative to other risk factors is unclear. This study examined the predictive accuracy of over 70 baseline risk factors, including gait and mobility, for future falls and syncope using conditional inference forest models.MethodsData from 3 waves of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), a population-based study of community-dwelling adults aged ≥50 years were used (n = 4 706). Outcome variables were recurrent falls, injurious falls, unexplained falls, and syncope occurring over 4-year follow-up. The predictive accuracy was calculated using 5-fold cross-validation; as there was a class imbalance, the algorithm was trained using undersampling of the larger class. Classification rate, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), and area under the precision recall curve (PRAUC) assessed predictive accuracy.ResultsHighest overall accuracy was 69.7% for recurrent falls in 50–64-year olds. AUROC and PRAUC were ≤0.69 and ≤0.39, respectively, for all outcomes indicating low predictive accuracy. History of falls, unsteadiness while walking, fear of falling, mobility, medications, mental health, and cardiovascular health and function were the most important predictors for most outcomes.ConclusionsConditional inference forest models using over 70 risk factors resulted in low predictive accuracy for future recurrent, injurious and unexplained falls, and syncope in community-dwelling adults. Gait and mobility impairments were important predictors of most outcomes but did not discriminate well between fallers and non-fallers. Results highlight the importance of multifactorial risk assessment and intervention and validate key modifiable risk factors for future falls and syncope.
Association Between Late-Life Weight Change and Dementia: A Population-based Cohort Study
Authors: Guo Jie , Marseglia Anna , Shang Ying , Dove Abigail , Grande Giulia , Fratiglioni Laura , Xu Weili 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
The impact of late-life weight changes on incident dementia is unclear. We aimed to investigate the associations of body mass index (BMI) and weight changes with dementia and to explore the role of APOE ɛ4 in these associations.

Methods
A total of 1 673 dementia-free participants aged ≥60 and older were followed for an initial 6 years to detect changes in BMI/weight and then for an additional 6 years to detect incident dementia. BMI change ([BMIfirst 6-year follow-up − BMIbaseline]/BMIbaseline) was categorized as stable (≤5%), and moderate (5%–10%) or large (&gt;10%) gain or loss. Weight change (weightfirst 6-year follow-up − weightbaseline) was categorized as stable (≤2.5 kg), and moderate (2.5–7.5 kg) or large (&gt;7.5 kg) gain or loss. Dementia was diagnosed following standard criteria. Data were analyzed using Cox regression models.

Results
Over the second 6-year follow-up period, 102 incident dementia cases were identified. Compared with stable BMI, the hazard ratios (95% CI) of dementia were 2.61 (1.09−5.54) and 2.93 (1.72−4.91) for BMI gain or loss &gt;10%, respectively. The risk of dementia was higher among APOE ɛ4 carriers experiencing a large BMI gain (9.93 [3.49−24.6]) or loss (6.66 [2.83−14.4]) than APOE ɛ4 noncarriers with stable BMI. Similar results were observed for weight change and dementia associations.

Conclusions
BMI and weight changes showed U-shaped associations with dementia risk. Large bodyweight gain and loss alike are associated with an almost 3-fold higher risk of dementia, which may be amplified by APOE ɛ4.