bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to select a best-value biological medicine? A practical model to support hospital pharmacists
Authors: Barbier Liese , Vandenplas Yannick , Boone Niels , Huys Isabelle , Janknegt Rob , Vulto Arnold G 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Purpose
With the growing availability of biosimilars on the global market, clinicians and pharmacists have multiple off-patent biological products to choose from. Besides the competitiveness of the product’s price, other criteria should be considered when selecting a best-value biological. This article aims to provide a model to facilitate transparent best-value biological selection in the off-patent biological medicines segment.

Summary
The presented model was developed on the basis of established multicriteria decision analysis tools for rational and transparent medicine selection, ie, the System of Objectified Judgement Analysis and InforMatrix. Criteria for the model were informed by earlier research, a literature search, and evaluation by the authors. The developed model includes up-to-date guidance on criteria that can be considered in selection and provides background on the allocation of weights that may aid hospital pharmacists and clinicians with decision-making in practice. Three main categories of criteria besides price were identified and included in the model: (1) product-driven criteria, (2) service-driven criteria, and (3) patient-driven criteria. Product-driven criteria include technical product features and licensed therapeutic indications. Service-driven criteria consist of supply conditions, value-added services, and environment and sustainability criteria. Patient-driven criteria contain product administration elements such as ease of use and service elements such as patient support programs. Relative weighting of the criteria is largely context dependent and should in a given setting be determined at the beginning of the process.

Conclusion
The practical model described here may support hospital pharmacists and clinicians with transparent and evidence-based best-value biological selection in clinical practice.
GAS6 From CD200+ Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Mitigates Colonic Inflammation in a Macrophage-Dependent Manner
Authors: Liang Zhen-Xing , Liu Hua-Shan , Xiong Li , Zeng Zi-Wei , Zheng Xiao-Bin , Kang Liang , Lan Ping , Wu Xian-Rui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsStem cell therapy is a promising cell-based treatment modality for inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD], but its application is limited by the nature of cell heterogeneity.MethodsSingle-cell RNA-sequencing was performed on the adipose-derived stem cells [ADSCs]. The in vitro immunomodulatory effect of ADSCs was evaluated by co-culturing with human CD4+ T cells or macrophages. The in vivo therapeutic value of ADSCs was assessed using a murine colitis model induced by dextran sulphate sodium [DSS] or 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid [TNBS].ResultsCD200+ ADSCs were identified as a novel subpopulation of ADSCs, based on gene ontology analysis of immunoregulatory functions. The immunoregulatory functions of these cells were further confirmed by co-culturing with CD4+ T cells or macrophages. Administration of CD200+ ADSCs effectively reduced intestinal inflammation in IBD mice models. Furthermore, we found CD200+ ADSCs-derived GAS6 exerted protective effects on experimental colitis by promoting macrophage M2 polarization via the Mer/PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signalling pathway.ConclusionsThis study uncovered the heterogeneity in ADSCs, in which CD200+ ADSCs presents as an alternative to conventional treatment of IBD.
Older Adults’ Lived Experience of Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Kimberly Laura L 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The United States is witnessing a rapid increase in kidney transplantation (KTx) among adults aged 65 and older. Despite this demographic shift, older adults’ perspectives on KTx remain notably absent from the discourse on transplant policy and practice, and very little research has examined older adults’ perceptions and experiences of KTx.

Research Design and Methods
Employing a phenomenological approach, this study explored the lived experiences of 10 KTx recipients aged 65 and older. Fifteen in-depth interviews were conducted, and analyses followed the processes of phenomenological reduction, imaginative variation, and synthesis.

Results
Participants reported experiencing an initial disruption of their sense of embodied identity that ranged from mildly unsettling to deeply distressing. However, they described navigating this “liminal” period and eventually incorporating the donor kidney into their sense of embodied self. Notably, most participants viewed their older age as protective and reported that their lived experience over time enabled them to cope more effectively with the challenges they faced during the posttransplant recovery and adaptation period.

Discussion and Implications
Findings from this study can inform more equitable and age-responsive KTx policy, research and clinical practice and may be extended beyond KTx to other forms of solid organ transplantation, vascularized composite allotransplantation, and innovative bioengineered organs.
A curated human cellular microRNAome based on 196 primary cell types
Authors: Patil Arun H , Baran Andrea , Brehm Zachary P , McCall Matthew N , Halushka Marc K 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
An incomplete picture of the expression distribution of microRNAs (miRNAs) across human cell types has long hindered our understanding of this important regulatory class of RNA. With the continued increase in available public small RNA sequencing datasets, there is an opportunity to more fully understand the general distribution of miRNAs at the cell level.

Results
From the NCBI Sequence Read Archive, we obtained 6,054 human primary cell datasets and processed 4,184 of them through the miRge3.0 small RNA sequencing alignment software. This dataset was curated down, through shared miRNA expression patterns, to 2,077 samples from 196 unique cell types derived from 175 separate studies. Of 2,731 putative miRNAs listed in miRBase (v22.1), 2,452 (89.8%) were detected. Among reasonably expressed miRNAs, 108 were designated as cell specific/near specific, 59 as infrequent, 52 as frequent, 54 as near ubiquitous, and 50 as ubiquitous. The complexity of cellular microRNA expression estimates recapitulates tissue expression patterns and informs on the miRNA composition of plasma.

Conclusions
This study represents the most complete reference, to date, of miRNA expression patterns by primary cell type. The data are available through the human cellular microRNAome track at the UCSC Genome Browser (https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgHubConnect) and an R/Bioconductor package (https://bioconductor.org/packages/microRNAome/).
The SlHB8 acts as a negative regulator in tapetum development and pollen wall formation in Tomato
Authors: Wu Caiyu , Yang Yang , Su Deding , Yu Canye , Xian Zhiqiang , Pan Zanlin , Guan Hongling , Hu Guojian , Chen Da , Li Zhengguo , Chen Riyuan , Hao Yanwei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Pollen development is crucial for the fruit setting process of tomatoes, but the underlying regulatory mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here, we report the isolation of one HD-Zip III family transcription factor, SlHB8, whose expression levels decreased as pollen development progressed. SlHB8 knockout using CRISPR/Cas9 increased pollen activity, subsequently inducing fruit setting, whereas overexpression displayed opposite phenotypes. Overexpression lines under control of the 35 s and p2A11 promoters revealed that SlHB8 reduced pollen activity by affecting early pollen development. Transmission electron microscopy and TUNEL analyses showed that SlHB8 accelerated tapetum degradation, leading to collapsed and infertile pollen without an intine and an abnormal exine. RNA-seq analysis of tomato anthers at the tetrad stage showed that SlHB8 positively regulates SPL/NZZ expression and the tapetum programmed cell death conserved genetic pathway DYT1–TDF1–AMS–MYB80 as well as other genes related to tapetum and pollen wall development. In addition, DNA affinity purification sequencing, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, yeast one-hybrid assay and dual-luciferase assay revealed SlHB8 directly activated the expression of genes related to pollen wall development. The study findings demonstrate that SlHB8 is involved in tapetum development and degradation and plays an important role in anther development.
Associations of cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and body mass index with survival after colorectal cancer diagnosis by anatomic subsite: a prospective patient cohort study in Japan
Authors: Minami Yuko , Kanemura Seiki , Kusaka Jun , Kinouchi Makoto , Suzuki Shinichi , Nishino Yoshikazu , Miura Koh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundCigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and obesity are known to be risk factors for colorectal cancer. These factors may affect survival after diagnosis, but evidence has been inconsistent. We investigated subsite-specific associations between prediagnosis smoking, alcohol drinking and body mass index and survival in colorectal cancer.MethodsSubjects were 1300 patients (colon 778; rectum 502; concurrent 20) with histologically confirmed colorectal cancer diagnosed during 1997–2013 at a single institution in Japan. Histories of smoking and alcohol drinking, height and prediagnosis weight were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Using Cox proportional hazards model, hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of mortality were estimated.ResultsDuring a median follow-up period of 6.7 years, 479 deaths were documented. Ever-smoking was associated with an increased risk of all-cause death among patients with colon cancer (hazard ratio: 1.47; 95% confidence interval: 1.07–2.02 compared with never-smoking). According to colon subsite, this increased risk was clear in patients with proximal colon cancer (hazard ratio: 2.09; 95% confidence interval: 1.28–3.40). There was no association between smoking and rectal cancer survival. Alcohol drinking was not associated with survival for either colon or rectal cancer. Among patients with rectal cancer, higher body mass index was associated with a lower risk of all-cause (Ptrend = 0.0006) and disease-specific death (Ptrend = 0.02). For colon cancer, lower body mass index tended to be associated with a higher risk of all-cause death (Ptrend = 0.05).ConclusionsThe results indicate that lifestyles identified as risk factors for colorectal cancer may impact differently on patient survival according to anatomic subsite.
General Treatment Format and Guiding Therapy Principles
Authors: Craske Michelle G. , Dour Halina J. , Treanor Michael , Meuret Alicia E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the general format and guiding principles of the Positive Affect Treatment (PAT) program. As it was developed with theory, science, and clinical experience in mind, PAT follows the rationale, components, and structure of traditional evidence-based therapies. However, flexibility is vital as individuals with anhedonia are lacking the prerequisites for cognitive–behavioral therapy to be successful. Treatments are expected to be tailored to each client’s particular deficits to ensure that maximum benefits ensue. The chapter covers the treatment module designed to deliver psychoeducation on the nature of anhedonia, therapy expectations and structure, and the concepts of the mood cycle.
Building Positivity
Authors: Craske Michelle G. , Dour Halina J. , Treanor Michael , Meuret Alicia E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses the importance of building positivity as part of the Positive Affect Treatment (PAT) program. It explains the skills of loving-kindness, gratitude, generosity, and appreciating joy, and therapists are encouraged to introduce them in that order. Suggestions for troubleshooting and case vignettes are provided. Evidence suggests that these practices will help clients feel more connected, will improve relationships, and will promote prosocial behavior. The skills will enhance positive emotions as they target liking and learning the reward system. Therapists are encouraged to review the science and history behind these concepts with clients. The goal is for clients to practice loving-kindness and appreciative joy while applying generosity and gratitude in their daily lives.
Actions Toward Feeling Better
Authors: Meuret Alicia E. , Dour Halina J. , Guinyard Amanda G. Loerinc , Craske Michelle G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses the significance of positive activities in the Positive Affect Treatment (PAT) program. It explains how behaviors such as isolation, avoidance, and withdrawing could contribute to maintaining low positive mood. Research has found that doing more activities overall usually leads to feeling better and engaging in more rewarding activities. Additionally, behavior is a part of the mood cycle; thus, changing one’s behavior is the most direct way of changing one’s emotions and physical feelings. Detailed recounting with imagery could also help boost pleasurable or rewarding activities. The chapter also discusses the importance and process of monitoring daily activities and mood. It gives examples and case studies for guidance through monitoring mood.
Overview
Authors: McNaught Elizabeth , Treasure Janet , Pollard Nick 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Eating disorders are complex and multifactorial. There is no simple path which leads into or out of these disorders. However, we do know that a general pattern of development in these conditions has been recognized. This chapter covers some of these patterns, discusses the epidemiology of the diseases, both together and by anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder separately. Classification is covered, as are risk factors. General principles of treatment are outlined. Eating disorders in the context of diabetes are singled out. The chapter goes on to provide a brief overview of cultural influence on eating disorders, and eating disorders that appear in older age.
Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID)
Authors: McNaught Elizabeth , Treasure Janet , Pollard Nick 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) describes a complex eating disorder characterised by a restriction of food intake secondary to an adverse reaction to features such as smell, texture, taste, or previous experiences. This chapter covers the epidemiology of the disease, and biological, psychological, and socio-cultural risk factors for developing ARFID. Presentation and clinical features are listed, and taking a history is explained, alongside potential differential diagnoses. Examination and investigations are discussed, and the diagnostic criteria are outlined. Psychological and potential pharmacological interventions are presented, with the importance of the multidisciplinary team. Complications to ARFID, comorbidities, and prognosis are all included.
Mental health literacy in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Raghavan Raghu , Brown Brian , Svirydzenka Nadia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMental health literacy is defined as the ability of an individual to recognize specific disorders or different types of psychological distress but is equally relevant to communities. It is learning about not only the risk factors and causes of various psychiatric disorders, but also self-help, knowledge of professional services, and how to seek help and remain well. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face specific challenges such as financial challenges, poverty, and inadequate services. This chapter explores mental health literacy, focusing on LMICs with special reference to South Asian countries (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka). In order to improve populations’ mental health, it is crucial to improve people’s understanding of mental illnesses, ensuring that all sections of society and communities in LMICs are involved if mental health literacy is to improve. This chapter also addresses key issues related to key factors associated with mental health literacy in LMICs.
Oculoplastics
Authors: Ting Michelle , Than Jonathan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores oculoplastics. It first details eyelid and nasolacrimal system anatomy and physiology. It then discusses lash abnormalities, covering trichiasis, distichiasis, madarosis, eyelash ptosis, hypertrichosis, and poliosis. Next, it considers entropion, covering congenital entropion, involutional entropion, and cicatricial entropion. Following this, ectropion is discussed, including congenital ectropion, paralytic ectropion, involutional ectropion, cicatricial ectropion, and mechanical ectropion. Ptosis is covered in two sections, and benign lid lesions, malignant lid lesions, epiphora, acquired nasolacrimal system abnormalities, and congenital nasolacrimal system abnormalities are also discussed. In addition, practical skills in oculoplastics are outlined, such as ptosis examination, syringing and probing, removing sutures, surgical repair of lid trauma, lateral tarsorrhaphy, and emergency lateral canthotomy/cantholysis.
Medical retina
Authors: Sim Peng Yong , Sundaram Venki 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter begins with a discussion of fundus fluorescein angiography and the causes of abnormal fluorescein angiography. It then discusses indocyanine green angiography, including the main indications for this technique. It goes on to cover fundus autofluorescence imaging and electrophysiology. It also includes clinical knowledge areas of diabetic retinopathy, hypertensive retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, retinal artery occlusions, age-related macular degeneration, central serous chorioretinopathy, retinal vascular anomalies, inherited retinal disorders, macular dystrophies, and choroidal dystrophies. It also discusses a number of important clinical trial studies and contains a section on the use of intravitreal injections of agents against vascular endothelial growth factor (known as VEGF).
Uveitis and medical ophthalmology
Authors: Wagner Siegfried Karl , Hughes Edward 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on uveitis and medical ophthalmology. It details uveal anatomy, before discussing anterior uveitis, intermediate uveitis, and posterior uveitis. Next, it discusses specific non-infectious posterior uveitides before moving on to infectious uveitis (viral, parasitic, fungal, and bacterial) and HIV-related disease. It continues by examining systemic associations with uveitis, including sarcoidosis, Behçet’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and the seronegative arthritides ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. In addition, it discusses scleritis and episcleritis, ocular inflammatory disorders (systemic treatment, biological agents and periocular treatments, intraocular treatments), rheumatological disease, vasculitis, cardiovascular disease and the eye, and endocrine, respiratory, and skin diseases in ophthalmology.
Paediatric ophthalmology and strabismus
Authors: Nixon Nisha , Saward Victoria , Barker Lucy 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on paediatric ophthalmology and strabismus. It details the embryology, anatomy, and actions of the extraocular muscles, along with clinical skills that include patient assessment and assessment of visual acuity, binocular vision, and stereopsis, assessment of binocular single vision, and retinal correspondence and suppression. It then discusses amblyopia, the measurement and assessment of ocular deviation, the assessment of ocular movements, Hess charts, and the field of binocular single vision. In addition, it discusses concomitant strabismus (the heterophorias, esotropia, and exotropia), incomitant strabismus, the principles of strabismus surgery, general paediatric development, retinopathy of prematurity, retinoblastoma, congenital cataract, paediatric glaucoma, uveitis in children, phacomatoses, and metabolic and storage diseases.
Neuro-ophthalmology
Authors: Minakaran Neda , Plant Gordon T. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The focus of this chapter is on neuro-ophthalmology. The chapter begins by outlining the anatomy of the visual pathway, pupil reflex anatomy, cranial nerve anatomy, and the central control of ocular motility. It goes on to discuss neuro-ophthalmology history taking and examination, and neuroimaging. It continues with a discussion of chiasmal and retrochiasmal visual pathway disorders, optic nerve disorders, papilloedema and idiopathic intracranial hypertension, and congenial optic nerve disorders. In addition, it discusses cranial nerve palsies, nystagmus, supranuclear eye movement disorders, pupil abnormalities, headache, and non-organic visual loss. The chapter concludes with a discussion of neuromuscular junction disorders and ocular myopathies.
Description of Hospitalizations due to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Omicron Variant Based on Vaccination Status
Authors: Moffa Matthew A , Shively Nathan R , Carr Dustin R , Bremmer Derek N , Buchanan Carley , Trienski Tamara L , Jacobs Max W , Saini Vikram , Walsh Thomas L 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Limited descriptive data exist regarding the clinical characteristics of hospitalizations due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron variant based on vaccination status.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study of all patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) between 15 January 2022 and 15 February 2022 across 9 hospitals in a large health network. Data were extracted by manual records review.

Results
A total of 351 of 452 (77.7%) unvaccinated, 209 of 331 (63.1%) fully vaccinated, and 107 of 163 (65.6%) boosted patients hospitalized with a COVID-19 diagnosis were determined to be admitted specifically due to COVID-19 (P &lt; .001). Most (85%) boosted patients admitted due to COVID-19 were at least 65 years old and/or had severe immunosuppression, compared to 72.2% of fully vaccinated and 60.7% of unvaccinated patients (P &lt; .001). Significantly more unvaccinated patients (34.2%) required &gt;6 L/minute of supplemental oxygen compared to fully vaccinated (24.4%) and boosted (25.2%) patients (P = .027). The age-adjusted vaccine effectiveness (VE) against hospitalization due to COVID-19 was estimated to be 81.1% and 94.1% for full vaccination and boosted status, respectively, whereas VE against mortality related to COVID-19 was estimated to be 84.7% and 94.8%, respectively.

Conclusions
During the Omicron BA.1 sublineage wave, unvaccinated patients hospitalized with a COVID-19 diagnosis were more likely than vaccinated patients to be admitted specifically due to COVID-19. Despite being younger with fewer comorbidities, unvaccinated patients required higher levels of care. Vaccination with a booster provides the greatest protection against hospitalization and death from COVID-19.