bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological and ultrastructural features of the laryngeal mound of Egyptian Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis, Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Madkour Fatma A. , Abdelsabour-Khalaf Mohammed 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundAccording to our acknowledgment this is the first full anatomical description of the studied laryngeal mound of the Egyptian Cattle Egret(Bubulcus ibis, Linnaeus, 1758). This study was obtained with the aid of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and histological techniques. Heads of ten healthy adult male Egyptian cattle egrets were used in this study.ResultsThe laryngeal mound (Mons laryngealis) was a pear-shaped musculoskeletal elevation. It represented 20.55 and 67.87% of the total length of the oropharyngeal floor and the pharyngeal floor, respectively.By SEM view, the lateral aspect of the caudal third of the laryngeal mound had a serrated mucosal appearance, forming of 6–7 finger-like projections. Furthermore, the terminal part of the laryngeal mound (except the middle part) was bordered a transverse row of pyramidal-shaped papillae, which demarcated from the esophagus. Histologically, laryngeal salivary glands termed (cricoarytenoid salivary glands) of the laryngeal mound were simple tubular type and were arranged in one row within the lamina propria connective tissue close to the lamina epithelialis. Those glands were surrounded by abundant aggregation of lymphocytes, extended overlying the surface lining epithelium. The glottis within the laryngeal mound was supported by hyaline cartilages; dorsally by paired arytenoid cartilages, ventrolaterally by cricoid cartilage, and caudodorsally by procricoid cartilage. Two groups of intrinsic laryngeal skeletal muscles have connected the cartilages. The glandular epithelium of the laryngeal salivary glands and chondrocytes of the laryngeal cartilages showed strongly positive alcian blue reaction.ConclusionsThe laryngeal mound shows certain features that are unique as an adaptation to lifestyles and bird’s habitat.
Mainstreaming or retrenchment? Migration-related diversity in Dutch and Flemish education policies
Authors: Westerveen Laura , van Breugel Ilona , Adam Ilke , Scholten Peter 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article analyses how states adapt generic policies to the increasing diversity that characterises contemporary European societies. More particularly, it zooms in on how migration-related diversity is mainstreamed into education policies in the Netherlands and Flanders and why we observe different policy trends in these two cases. We find that the focus on migration-related diversity largely faded in Dutch education policies in the period from 2000 to 2014. In Flanders, this trend towards ‘migration-related diversity retrenchment’ is less prevalent during this period, even though a similar evolution has started to take place more recently. These findings present a puzzle, as the most evident explanation for diversity retrenchment, namely the increasing politicisation of migration and diversity, cannot account for this difference since the Netherlands and Flanders are characterised by similar degrees of politicisation of migration-related diversity. Our findings thus call for an exploration of underemphasised explanations for diversity retrenchment. We show that the diverging degree of diversity retrenchment can be explained by the presence or absence of a sub-state nationalist project and diverging degrees of neoliberal retrenchment policies. Sub-state nationalism seems to have temporarily offered a buffer against the neoliberal retrenchment of migration-related diversity.
Developing catalyst films of health experiences: an analysis of a robust multi-stakeholder involvement journey
Authors: Davis Sarah , Pandhi Nancy , Warren Barbara , Grevious Njeri , Crowder Madison , Ingersoll Haley , Perry Elizabeth , Sussman Andrew , Grob Rachel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Those whose lives are most directly impacted by health care—patients, caregivers, and frontline staff—are ideally situated to improve patient health care services and care quality. Despite a proliferation of literature on both Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) and clinical quality improvement (QI), concrete strategies regarding how to involve patients remain elusive.

Aim
Research suggests catalyst films, comprised of rigorously-analyzed interview data from diverse patients about their experiences with health and health care (“catalyst films”) are a promising way to bring actionable patient feedback to QI. To date, such films have been crafted primarily by researchers. This project aimed to inform the science of engagement through analyzing how deliberate PPI informed the process of creating catalyst films.

Methods
PPI methods included: research team norming activities through a project charter and role delineation process; key informant interviews; participant-ambassador videotaped interviews; clinician and research focus groups; and inclusion of advisors on the research team. Content studied for the analysis presented here included team meeting notes, interview and focus group transcripts, and documentation from a facilitated discussion about team processes. These data were analyzed to determine the impact of our PPI process. Member checking verified themes and lessons learned.

Results
PPI shaped team deliberations and final products in substantial ways, including: what material to include in catalyst films and the tone they should convey; multiple issues regarding representation; and our collective understanding of how catalyst films could be used in the United States. Specific discussions addressed: how to include the optimal mix of interview segments that describe experiences with those that more directly point towards care improvement strategies; and how to balance positive and negative feedback from patients about experiences with care. Team process issues included ensuring equity in involvement despite team members having differing and sometimes multiple roles that complicated power dynamics and processes.

Conclusions
Multiple forms and degrees of PPI resulted in significant influence on catalyst films and companion materials. Our project thus provides proof of concept for PPI in creation of video products for QI which have traditionally been crafted by researchers. The model we developed, and document in this paper, can be adapted by others creating research-derived video products. Our findings can also inform future research on how co-designing catalyst films enhances their value for QI and the application of co-designed catalyst film use in QI. Lastly, it can guide those engaged in QI and medical education in their selection of film products focused on patient experiences.
Two cases of hemodynamic improvement by modulation of atrioventricular delay in cardiac operations
Authors: Tomita-Kobayashi Akiko , Fujimoto Tomoko , Takada Shoko , Masuda Yuki , Mizutani Akinobu , Hayashi Yukio 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Symptomatic sick sinus syndrome is one of the indications for pacemaker implantation, and we have to consider to program the pacemaker to an asynchronous pacing mode during an operation.

Case presentation
We reported two cases with a pacemaker implanted for sick sinus syndrome undergoing cardiac operation. We changed programming of the pacemaker to an asynchronous pacing mode (DOO) and modulated the programmed atrioventricular delay to avoid ventricular pacing, resulting in better hemodynamic condition. Although we observed premature ventricular contraction, no lethal arrhythmias induced by the R-on-T phenomenon were noted.

Conclusion
Programming of the pacemaker to an asynchronous pacing mode and modulation of the programmed atrioventricular delay to avoid ventricular pacing may be an option for pacemaker management during an operation.
Simulation-based clinical assessment identifies threshold competence to practise physiotherapy in Australia: a crossover trial
Authors: Moss Penny , Barnett-Harris Anton , Lee Darren , Gupta Kriti , Pritchard Shane , Sievers Natalie , Te Maxine , Blackstock Felicity 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Although evidence exists for the efficacy of high-fidelity simulation as an educational tool, there is limited evidence for its application in high-stakes professional threshold competency assessment. An alternative model of simulation-based assessment was developed by the Australian Physiotherapy Council (APC), using purpose-written standardised patients, mapped to the appropriate threshold level. The aim of this two-phase study was to investigate whether simulation-based clinical assessments resulted in equivalent outcomes to standard, real-life assessments for overseas-trained physiotherapists seeking registration to practice in Australia.

Methods
A randomised crossover trial comparing simulation-based assessment to real-life assessment was completed. Participants were internationally trained physiotherapists applying for registration to practice in Australia, voluntarily recruited from the Australian Physiotherapy Council (APC) assessment waiting list: study 1 n = 25, study 2 n = 144.
Study 1 participants completed usual APC real-life assessments in 3 practice areas, completed on different days at APC partner healthcare facilities. Participants also underwent 3 practice area-matched simulation-based assessments, completed on the same day at purpose-designed simulation facilities. Study 2 participants completed 3 simulation-based assessments and 1 real-life assessment that was randomly allocated for order and practice area. Assessment of competency followed the standard APC procedure of 90-minute examinations using The Moderated Assessment Form (MAF).

Results
The overall pass rate was higher for real-life assessments in both studies: study 1, 50% versus 42.7%; study 2, 55.6% versus 44.4%. Chi-square analysis showed a high to moderate level of exact matching of pass/fail grades across all assessments: study 1, 73.4% (p < 0.001); study 2, 58.3% (p = 0.027). Binary logistic regression showed that the best predictors of real-life pass/fail grade were simulation-based MAF pass/fail grade (study 1, OR 7.86 p < 0.001; study 2, OR 2.037, p = 0.038) and simulation-based total MAF score (study 1, OR 1.464 p < 0.001; study 2, OR 1.234, p = 0.001).

Conclusion
Simulation-based assessment is a significant predictor of clinical performance and can be used to successfully identify high stakes threshold competence to practice physiotherapy in Australia.
Automated synthesis of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 without pre-purification of the generator eluate on three common synthesis modules and two generator types
Authors: Alfteimi Ammar , Lützen Ulf , Helm Alexander , Jüptner Michael , Marx Marlies , Zhao Yi , Zuhayra Maaz 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
The recent development of quinoline-based radiotracers, which act as fibroblast activation protein inhibitors (FAPIs), has shown promising preclinical and clinical advantages. [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 is a new radiotracer for in vivo detection of the fibroblast activation protein by positron emission tomography (PET). Recently, the automated synthesis of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 was reported based on pre-concentration and purification of the generator eluate by using a cation exchange-cartridge.
Our aim was to simplify the synthesis and shorten the automated synthesis of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 to make it accessible and thus even more attractive to a broader clinical and scientific community.

Results
We developed and evaluated the GMP compliant automatic synthesis of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 using two different 68Ge/68Ga generators (an Eckert & Ziegler, GalliaPharm generator, 1.85 GBq/50 mCi and an iThemba generator, 1.85 GBq/50 mCi) Somerset West, South Africa) and three different commercial and customized systems: the EasyOne module from Trasis; the GaSy module from Synthra with a customized synthesis template and a customized single use cassette. Additionally, the automatic synthesis of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 was established on a GallElut synthesis module from Scintomics with fixed tubing.

Conclusions
Independent of the synthesis modules or the generators employed we were able to complete the synthesis of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 in 12 min including the process of purification and formulation. In all cases, the final products showed more than 99.5% chemical purity and the radiochemical yield reached around 92.5% (decay corrected). All quality control parameters (e.g. sterility, stability and radiochemical purity) were conform to the European Pharmacopoeia.
Global research trends on the links between insulin resistance and obesity: a visualization analysis
Authors: Zyoud Sa’ed H. , Shakhshir Muna , Abushanab Amani S. , Koni Amer , Shahwan Moyad , Jairoun Ammar A. , Al-Jabi Samah W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundObesity increases the chance of developing insulin resistance. Numerous inflammatory markers have been linked to an increased risk of insulin resistance in obese individuals. Therefore, we performed a bibliometric analysis to determine global research activity and current trends in the field of obesity and insulin resistance.MethodsScopus was used between 2002 and 2021 to retrieve publications related to terms related to obesity and insulin resistance. Data were exported to Microsoft Excel. Additionally, we use VOSviewer software to create visualization maps that describe international collaborations and research hotspots.ResultsWe identified 6626 publications, including 5754 journal articles, 498 review articles, and 109 letters to the editor. The most productive countries were the United States (n = 995, 30.11%), followed by China (n = 650, 9.81%), Italy (n = 412, 6.22%) and Spain (n = 386, 5.83%). Previously to 2012, this field was mainly focused on ‘adipocyte dysfunctions that link obesity with insulin resistance”; and ‘relationship between obesity, insulin resistance, and risk of cardiovascular disease’. ‘Supplements improve insulin sensitivity‘, and ‘obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance’ were found more recently (after 2014), indicating that research in this field has acquired significant interest and emphasis in recent years.ConclusionsThis is the first bibliometric study to focus on publications related to insulin resistance and obesity at the global level. Our reporting of quantifiable knowledge in this field may be useful in providing evidence and direction for future research, clinical practice, and educational initiatives.
Algorithm-based advice taking and clinical judgement: impact of advice distance and algorithm information
Authors: Pálfi Bence , Arora Kavleen , Kostopoulou Olga 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEvidence-based algorithms can improve both lay and professional judgements and decisions, yet they remain underutilised. Research on advice taking established that humans tend to discount advice—especially when it contradicts their own judgement (“egocentric advice discounting”)—but this can be mitigated by knowledge about the advisor’s past performance. Advice discounting has typically been investigated using tasks with outcomes of low importance (e.g. general knowledge questions) and students as participants. Using the judge-advisor framework, we tested whether the principles of advice discounting apply in the clinical domain. We used realistic patient scenarios, algorithmic advice from a validated cancer risk calculator, and general practitioners (GPs) as participants. GPs could update their risk estimates after receiving algorithmic advice. Half of them received information about the algorithm’s derivation, validation, and accuracy. We measured weight of advice and found that, on average, GPs weighed their estimates and the algorithm equally—but not always: they retained their initial estimates 29% of the time, and fully updated them 27% of the time. Updating did not depend on whether GPs were informed about the algorithm. We found a weak negative quadratic relationship between estimate updating and advice distance: although GPs integrate algorithmic advice on average, they may somewhat discount it, if it is very different from their own estimate. These results present a more complex picture than simple egocentric discounting of advice. They cast a more optimistic view of advice taking, where experts weigh algorithmic advice and their own judgement equally and move towards the advice even when it contradicts their own initial estimates.
Anthropology of tourism: practical and theoretical development in China
Authors: Sun Jiuxia , Luo Yilin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the origins, developments and new trends of anthropology of tourism in China through a comparison between China and the West. Chinese anthropologists have, since the end of the last century, begun to introduce Western academic achievements and tried to conduct domestic research. In the process of development into a big and great power in tourism, Chinese researchers have intensively absorbed new concepts and new theories from abroad, studied local cases in China’s context, and carry out China-West dialogues in various aspects. Anthropology of tourism in China has seen many breakthroughs in terms of topics, theories, disciplines and methods, contributing its own experiences and new theories to the development of anthropology of tourism worldwide.
Assessment of knowledge, perception, attitude, and use of performance-enhancing substances among students of Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt: a pilot study
Authors: Badr el Dine Fatma Mohamed Magdy , Attia MennattAllah Hassan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
The market for performance enhancement substances (PESs) is currently one of the fastest expanding sectors. Most studies have always concentrated on athletes in terms of PESs’ misuse, ignoring a critical segment of the community: the future health-care workers. Thus, the aim of the study was to probe the knowledge, perception, and attitude of medical students regarding the misuse of PESs in sports and medical academic study. A cross-sectional study was conducted among students of Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Egypt. Data were collected via self-administered electronic survey from 208 students of both sexes (aged from 18 to 26 years old). Analysis of factors affecting the consumption of PESs like gender differences, and their prior knowledge and perception was performed using logistic regression models.

Results
More than half of the participants have no idea about law concerning the use of doping substances. There were no significant disparities in knowledge and perception between males and females. Female students, on the other hand, consistently reported having a better understanding of the negative impacts of PESs’ misuse. Surprisingly, females are more prone to consume PESs for cognitive enhancement rather than the physical performance.

Conclusions
The study is the first to explore the awareness of the medical students, their attitude, and perception towards different ethical scenarios confronted in the daily practice. This finding pinpoints that the common trend of striving for fitness and an ideal body shape and weight has produced a shift in the prevalence of the PESs use according to gender in Egypt. Moreover, females in medicine academics are more prone to use PESs to improve the cognitive functions albeit it is nonsignificant statistically. Therefore, efforts should be directed to raise the awareness of medical practitioners of diverse categories of these substances, health hazards, laws, and penalties. More importantly, policy measures for their production, marketing, and misuse among university students should be reconsidered by the government.
Efficacy of Metarhizium brunneum and Beauveria bassiana isolates against the European tent caterpillar, Malacosoma neustria Linnaeus, 1758 (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)
Authors: Topkara Elif Fatma , Yanar Oğuzhan , Sahin Funda , Yanar Yusuf , Yanar Dürdane 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
The European tent caterpillar Malacosoma neustria Linnaeus, 1758 (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae), a worldwide pest, feeds on a wide variety of woody and shrub-like plants in its larval stage and causes extensive economic losses. In the fight against this species, environmentally friendly biological control methods should be preferred instead of chemical control. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) Metarhizium brunneum (ORP-13) and Beauveria bassiana (GOPT-301-2) isolates against the fourth instar larvae of M. neustria under laboratory conditions.

Results
M. neustria eggs were collected from the Kızılırmak Delta of Samsun Province, Turkey, and the fourth instar larvae were used in the experiment. Larvae in the control group were fed on sterilized leaves of Eleagnus rhamnoides. Both fungal isolates were applied onto the larvae at 2 ml for each concentration (1 × 106, 1 × 107, and 1 × 108 conidia ml−1). Ten larvae were placed in each group, and sterilized E. rhamnoides leaves were offered to the larvae. The study was carried out in 9 replicates for each group, and the larvae were observed for 14 days. As a result of the study, it was found that the survival rates of the larvae decreased as concentration increased. It was determined that both isolates caused 100% mortality at 1 × 108 conidia ml−1 concentration. The lowest LC50 value was found in larvae exposed to the ORP-13 isolate.

Conclusion
It has been suggested that M. brunneum and B. bassiana isolates were virulent for M. neustria larvae and can be used for biological control of this species.
Vegetation fires along the Czech rail network
Authors: Nezval Vojtěch , Andrášik Richard , Bíl Michal 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
In the past, fires around railways were often associated with steam locomotives. Although steam locomotives have disappeared from everyday rail traffic, fires still occur. A vegetation fire near Bzenec (Czech Republic) on 21 June 2018 affected, for example, 124,110 m2 of forest and grassland. The investigation revealed that the fire was caused by a spark from a passing train. In this study, we analyzed vegetation fires that occurred near Czech railway lines between 2011 and 2019 to investigate their temporal pattern and relation to weather conditions or to identify the most hazardous locations.

Results
Fires were concentrated mainly between March and August in the afternoon. They are also more likely to occur during periods of high air temperature, low rainfall, low relative air humidity, and low wind speed. Using the KDE+ method, we identified 186 hotspots, which contained 510 vegetation fires and represented only 0.3% of the length of the entire Czech rail network. Spatial analysis revealed that there are more than 4 times higher odds that a vegetation fire occurs near an electrified railway line than near a non-electrified line or that additional 10 freight trains per 24 h increases the odds by 5%.

Conclusions
As the results show, vegetation fires near railway lines are still relatively common phenomenon, mainly due to favorable weather conditions. Grassy areas with dry or dead vegetation are particularly at risk. These areas can be ignited, for example, by sparks from the brakes of railway vehicles. Due to global warming, vegetation fires can be expected to occur more frequently in the future. The identified hotspots can thus be used to reduce the risk of fires, for example by managing the surrounding vegetation.