bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single Particle Growth, Fragmentation and Morphology Modelling: A DEM Approach
Authors: Soleimani Afsaneh , Aigner Andreas , Touloupidis Vasileios 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this work, the development of a 3D discrete element method (DEM) modeling concept and application that can describe and explain the catalyst particle growth and fragmentation mechanism and follow the morphology developments is presented. The proposed unified modeling methodology is able to predict the expected particle morphology in terms of exact shape, size, and porosity, taking into account the major contributing effects, including reaction kinetics, thermodynamics as well as mechanical considerations. The developed DEM model is validated based on indicative particle morphology patterns as captured experimentally via the SEM technique, managing to qualitatively predict the observed particle morphology. These results indicate the potential of DEM approach in polymer reaction engineering (PRE), expanding the simulation capabilities and range of application.
Hierarchical adaptive low‐rank format with applications to discretized partial differential equations
Authors: Massei Stefano , Robol Leonardo , Kressner Daniel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA novel framework for hierarchical low‐rank matrices is proposed that combines an adaptive hierarchical partitioning of the matrix with low‐rank approximation. One typical application is the approximation of discretized functions on rectangular domains; the flexibility of the format makes it possible to deal with functions that feature singularities in small, localized regions. To deal with time evolution and relocation of singularities, the partitioning can be dynamically adjusted based on features of the underlying data. Our format can be leveraged to efficiently solve linear systems with Kronecker product structure, as they arise from discretized partial differential equations (PDEs). For this purpose, these linear systems are rephrased as linear matrix equations and a recursive solver is derived from low‐rank updates of such equations. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework for stationary and time‐dependent, linear and nonlinear PDEs, including the Burgers' and Allen–Cahn equations.
E2F3 gene expression is a potential negative prognostic marker for localised and MYCN not‐amplified neuroblastoma: Results of in silico analysis of 786 samples
Authors: Ognibene Marzia , Cangelosi Davide , Sorrentino Stefania , Zanardi Sabrina , Zara Federico , Pezzolo Annalisa , Parodi Stefano 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundNeuroblastoma (NB) is an enigmatic childhood malignancy characterised by a wide range of clinical behaviour. Many potential oncogenes for NB have recently been identified. Among them, E2 transcription factor 3 (E2F3) expression was associated with a poor survival in 134 stage 4S patients, but evidence for other stage groups remains poorly investigated.MethodsWe have analysed the expression of E2F3 gene from a database of 786 NB samples. Overall and event‐free survivals (EFS) were assessed by the Kaplan–Meier method, splitting the data on the median and tertile expression values. The Cox model was applied to control for the confounding by stage, age and MYCN amplification. Validation was performed by an in silico analysis of an independent cohort of 283 NB patients. Furthermore, an immunofluorescence analysis on 48 formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded NB specimens was also performed.ResultsE2F3 overexpression was associated with a poor survival (EFS = 84%, 95% CI: 79%–95%, for low expression levels; EFS = 62%, 95% CI: 56%–68% for middle levels; EFS = 30%, 95% CI: 24%–36%, for high levels, p < .001). This association was confirmed in multivariable analysis and was more evident in patients with MYCN not‐amplified and localised stages. Immunofluorescence results and the validation on an independent cohort of NB primary samples confirmed these findings.ConclusionsE2F3 is a new potential prognostic marker in NB with favourable characteristics at diagnosis. Further studies are needed to elucidate the potential role of E2F3 in NB oncogenesis and progression, in order to identify new targets for therapeutic interventions.
Preparation and evaluation of high‐temperature filtrate reducer for solid‐free water‐based drilling fluid
Authors: Wang Chaoqun , Jin Li , Liu Xiaoying , Zhang Ning , Liu Huasha , Ding Wei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe object of this work was to improve the temperature and salt resistance of filtrate reducers used in solid‐free water‐based drilling fluids at 200°C. This copolymer (PAD) was obtained by reacting pentaerythritol triallyl ether (PTE) with acrylamide AM, N‐isopropyl acrylamide (N‐AM), methacrylic acid (MAA), and 2‐acrylamide‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid sodium (AMPS‐Na) in radical polymerization with potassium peroxydisulfate (KPS) and sodium bisulfite as initiators. The molar ratio of each monomer shown as follow: nAm:nN−Am:nMAA:nAmps: = 1:1.6:0.9:1.5. The functional groups of each monomer were revealed by Fourier transformation infrared. Moreover, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance confirmed the PAD was synthesized by addition polymerization through these monomers. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the surface of the filter cake was smooth and dense, indicating that PAD can effectively block small pores and thus reduce filter loss. The analysis suggested the PAD produced a “ball” structure at high temperature and salt which controlled the filtration of drilling fluid. The maximum temperature resistance boundary of PAD was 210°C. PAD maintained filtration performance in nearly saturated sodium chloride, 1.4 g/cm3 HCOOK and 1.37 g/cm3 HCOONa, at 210°C for 16 h.
C‐reactive protein to LymphocytE count ratio could be a reliable mArkeR of thyroiditis; the CLEAR‐T study
Authors: Demirkol Muhammed Emin , Aktas Gulali 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInflammation of the thyroid gland is referred to as thyroiditis and is associated with inflammation. Recent studies found significant association between thyroiditis and novel inflammatory and metabolic markers, as well as C‐reactive protein (CRP). CRP/lymphocyte count ratio (CLR) is a novel inflammatory marker that associated with various conditions and has not been studied in thyroiditis, yet. We aimed to investigate CRP to lymphocyte count ratio in patients with thyroiditis and to compare to those in healthy subjects. Patients with thyroiditis that presented to internal medicine outpatient clinics of our institution between January 2019 and August 2021 were enrolled to the retrospective study. Healthy volunteers were enrolled as control group. CLR of the thyroiditis and control groups were compared. Median CLR of the thyroiditis and control groups were 3.14 (0.14%–38)% and 0.4 (0.03–8.86)%, respectively (p < .001). The sensitivity and specificity of CLR > 0.43% in detecting thyroiditis were 92% and 58%, respectively (AUC: 0.88, p < .001, 95% CI: 0.85–0.92).CLR was significantly and positively correlated with free T4 (FT4) (r = .18, p < .001) and inversely correlated with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (r = −.52, p = .003) levels. In conclusion, we suggest that high CLR levels may yield additional diagnostic value in patients with thyroiditis.
An admittance‐controlled amplified force tracking scheme for collaborative lumbar puncture surgical robot system
Authors: Li Hongbing , Nie Xun , Duan Ding , Li Yuling , Zhang Jing , Zhou Min , Magid Evgeni 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe accurate sensing and display of the delicate needle‐tissue interaction force to the operator is desirable for needle insertion procedures. It not only plays a significant role in the surgical treatment effect, but also has a great significance in improving surgical safety and reducing the incidence of complications. However, the direct detection of the interaction force between the tissue and needle tip by placement of a force sensor is challenging owing to the constraints of miniaturisation, cost, and sterilisation.MethodsIn this study, a new position‐based force‐to‐motion controller with magnified force feedback is presented to provide augmented force perception to the operator during needle insertion on the soft tissue. Furthermore, the demonstration to the position‐based low level motion controller is more suitable for needle insertion surgical requirements in the cooperative robotic system.ResultsThe proposed controller was experimentally validated by a collaborative lumbar puncture robotics system. Additionally, to provide hand tremor rejection for the stable manipulation of the puncture needle, it was demonstrated that the proposed amplified feedback force controller allowed a safer object interaction with the robotic needle insertion assistance.ConclusionsThe results of the experiment show that a desirable interaction force profile is perceived by the operator during the overall insertion task operation. The admittance gain for the simplified admittance controller has a significant impact on the operator's ability to accurately control the applied force.
High‐tech industries, financial expansion, and low‐carbon energy deployment along the Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Rafique Muhammad Zahid , Schneider Nicolas , Shahzad Umer , Song Malin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhile the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is thought to radically transform trade, financial and industrial patterns in Eurasia, questions remain on how to develop a secure supply of renewable energy without jeopardizing the booming energy demand of those regions. Due to the intrinsic nature of BRI projects, foreign direct investments (FDI) and high‐tech industries are yet known to be two key channels through which resources and renewable energy consumption are deployed along the Belt and Road. This article assesses the empirical interactions among those variables and renewable energy deployment for an illustrative sample of 76 Belt and Road economies. A set of potentially relevant economic and institutional factors (economic complexity, the stock of human capital (HC), and three cultural preferences indexes: power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity vs. diversity) are also incorporated within the multivariate setting. Based on series spanning the period 1996–2019, a complete econometric testing framework is developed, and comprises the simultaneous generalized method of moments and the method of moments quantile regression. Associated results confirm our initial intuition that medium and high‐tech industries trigger the diffusion of low‐carbon energies across sectors whereas FDI fail to do so. Finally, renewable energy deployment responds negatively to changes in HC. Along with a methodological note, some policy suggestions are supplied to incorporate those insights within future energy planning.
Sustainable Synthesis of Carbon Quantum Dots with Tailored Surface Functional Groups from Pomelo Peel Waste for Inhibiting Scale
Authors: Zhao Lina , Qiu Lei , Wang Yanyun , Ge Sujuan , Yao Qingzhao , Zhou Yuming 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFruit Shatian pomelo peel is a common solid biological waste. This article reports the environmentally friendly synthesis of carbon quantum dots from Shatian pomelo peel waste by hydrothermal method. The synthesized carbon quantum dots (named PCA‐CQDs) were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy (UV‐vis) and excitation‐dependent fluorescence emission spectroscopy. The resultant carbon quantum dots were spherical, and the average particle diameter was measured to be 5 nm. The surface of PCA‐CQDs has been successfully modified with functional oxygen‐containing functional groups such as hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. Therefore, PCA‐CQDs exhibit excellent water solubility and calcium ion chelating properties. Most importantly, PCA‐CQDs were used as a new type of green scale inhibitor for inhibiting the CaSO4 and CaCO3 scale for the first time, and the scale inhibition efficiency can reach more than 95 %. By observing the changes of the scale crystals in the SEM image, it is speculated that the mechanism of PCA‐CQDs inhibiting calcium scale may include chelation, dispersion and lattice distortion.
Copper‐Containing Mineral Mediated Glaser Coupling of Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Györke Gábor , Dancsó András , Volk Balázs , Hunyadi Dávid , Szalóki Imre , Milen Mátyás 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCopper is one of the most abundant metals on the Earth. Elemental copper, as well as its alloys and compounds are widely used as catalysts in organic chemistry. By utilizing naturally occurring ores, the non‐eco‐friendly copper smelting process can be bypassed, leading to green and environmentally friendly procedures in comparison to the use of synthetic copper compounds. In this study we wish to present a more economical method for the production of symmetric diynes starting from various terminal acetylenes in a Glaser–Hay reaction. Out of the seven tested naturally occurring copper‐containing minerals, chalcocite (Cu2S) and bornite (Cu5FeS4) were the best applicable ones. These minerals were able to produce diynes in yields comparable to those obtained with their synthetic analogues, furthermore they proved to be partly reusable.
I2/FeCl3 Promoted Cascade Reaction of 4‐Quinazolinone, Pyridine, and Chalcone for the Synthesis of Indolizines
Authors: Meena Mahesh , Malviya Bhanwar K. , Singh Karandeep , Yadav Priyanka , Naharwal Pankaj , Kumari Neetu , Verma Ved Prakash , Yadav Dinesh K. , Sharma Siddharth 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe indolizines nucleus is an important element of many synthetic molecules with significant biological activity. An efficient methodology for the synthesis of a variety of indolizines from quinazolinone, pyridine, and chalcone via I2/FeCl3 has been described. The reaction was promoted through Zwitterion formation/cyclization/aromatization sequence, affording the desired products in moderate to very good yields. This approach is a highly efficient and convenient way to get derivatives of indolizines from readily accessible substrate under relatively mild reaction conditions.
Synthesis of 2,3,6‐Trisubstituted β‐Carbolin‐1‐ones Utilizing 3‐Amino‐2‐pyridone Synthesis
Authors: Masuda Hiroyoshi , Morishita Hiroki , Sasaki Rikuto , Takahata Kaito , Uemura Kento , Hachiya Iwao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSynthesis of 2,3,6‐triisubstituted β‐carbolin‐1‐ones is disclosed using palladium‐catalyzed intramolecular amination of 3‐amino‐4‐(2‐bromophenyl)‐2‐pyridones prepared by the conjugate addition reaction of diethyl 2‐aminomalonate having a bulkier ketimine moiety to alkynyl imines. The transformation of the synthesized 3‐amino‐4‐(2‐bromophenyl)‐2‐pyridones using palladium‐catalyzed intramolecular amination produced 2,3,6‐trisubstituted β‐carbolin‐1‐ones in good to high yields.
Tailoring Multifunctional Small Molecular Photosensitizers to In Vivo Self‐Assemble with Albumin to Boost Tumor‐Preferential Accumulation, NIR Imaging, and Photodynamic/Photothermal/Immunotherapy
Authors: Luo Shenglin , Luo Xi , Wang Xiaojiao , Li Lian , Liu Huiguo , Mo Banghui , Gan Hongbo , Sun Wei , Wang Liting , Liang Houjie , Yu Songtao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCancer immunotherapy has great potential in tumor eradication and metastasis suppression. However, systemic administration of immune adjuvants and inadequate specificity in cancer treatment, lead to restricted therapeutic benefits and potential immune‐related side effects in clinical settings. In this report, the synthesis of various lengths of heptamethine cyanine small molecules to act as multifunctional photosensitizers (PS) for tumor‐specific accumulation, near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent imaging, and photodynamic/photothermal/immunotherapy is optimized. In particular, it is demonstrated that C8, which contains eight carbons on two N‐alkyl side chains, efficiently self‐assembles with albumin to form nanosized dye‐albumin complexes. This feature facilitates C8 in vivo self‐assembly to remarkably improve its water‐solubility, NIR fluorescent emission, long‐term blood circulation, as well as tumor‐specific accumulation. More importantly, C8 not only exhibits a superior phototherapeutic effect on primary tumors, but also elicits secretion of damage associated molecular patterns, cytokine secretion, dendritic cell maturation, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes activation, ultimately triggering a sufficient antitumor immune response to suppress growths of distant and metastatic tumors. Hence, this multifunctional small molecular PS is characterized with excellent tumor‐preferential accumulation, imaging‐guided laser irradiation, and phototherapy‐induced in situ antitumor immune response, providing a prospective future of its use in tumor‐targeting immunotherapy.
Long‐Term Highly Stable High‐Voltage LiCoO2 Synthesized via a Solid Sulfur‐Assisted One‐Pot Approach
Authors: Tan Xinghua , Mao Dongdong , Zhao Tingqiao , Zhang Yongxin , Song Luting , Fan Zhengwei , Liu Guangyao , Wang Hanfu , Chu Weiguo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCommercialized lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) only shows a relatively low capacity of ≈175 mAh g−1 despite a high theoretical capacity of ≈274 mAh g−1. As an effective and direct strategy, increasing its charge cutoff voltage can, in principle, escalate the capacity, which is however precluded by the irreversible phase transition, oxygen loss, and severe side reactions with electrolytes normally. Herein, an in situ sulfur‐assisted solid‐state approach is proposed for one‐pot synthesis of long‐term highly stable high‐voltage LCO with a novel compound structure. The coating of coherent spinel LixCo2O4 shells on and the gradient doping of SO42− polyanions into LCO are in situ realized simultaneously in terms of gas–solid interface reactions between metal oxides and generated SO2 gas from sulfur during synthesis. At 4.6 V, this LCO shows the discharge capacities of 232.4 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C (1 C = 280 mA g−1), 215 mAh g−1 at 1 C and 139 mAh g−1 even at 20 C and the capacity retentions of 97.4% (89.7%) after 100 (300) cycles at 1 C. This approach is facile, low‐cost and up‐scalable and may provide a route to improve the performance of LCO and other electrode materials greatly.
Simultaneous distillation‐solvent extraction gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis of Tokaj Muscat Yellow wines
Authors: Khvalbota Liudmyla , Virba Martin , Furdíková Katarína , Špánik Ivan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the present study, simultaneous distillation‐solvent extraction conditions were optimized for the extraction of organic compounds from naturally sweet Tokaj wines. Solvent selection, optimization of phase ratio, time of extraction, and addition of modifier were studied. The volatile organic compounds profile of Slovak Tokaj Muscat Yellow wine was characterized using simultaneous distillation‐solvent extraction gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Identified volatile organic compounds belonged to terpenes, esters, higher alcohols, volatile acids, lactones, and furanoids. At optimized simultaneous distillation‐solvent extraction conditions, analytical parameters such as linearity (R2 > 0.98), repeatability (from 3.33 to 10.39%), quantitation, and detection limits for selected compounds (ethyl hexanoate, geraniol, linalool oxide, α‐terpineol, 1‐octanol, geranyl acetate, nerol, benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, 1,2‐dihydrolinalool, 4‐terpineol, and diethyl succinate) were estimated.
Curative balloon dilation of a severe esophageal stricture in a pig
Authors: Stockler Jenna W. , Jung Seung Woo , Kuca Thibaud , Bayne Jenna E. , Passler Thomas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA 3‐month‐old, Yorkshire cross barrow was evaluated for diarrhoea and vomiting, which were observed intermittently during and after consumption of feed and water. Weight loss, despite good appetite, was also reported. Abdominal radiographs demonstrated stomach distention and gas within the duodenal lumen. Thickening of the pyloric antrum and proximal duodenum were noticed using abdominal ultrasonography. Esophageal endoscopy demonstrated severe reduction of the aborad esophageal lumen, which precluded endoscopic evaluation of the stomach. A severe esophageal stricture was diagnosed. Medical management using omeprazole and dietary changes did not alleviate the clinical signs. The esophageal stricture was successfully resolved by balloon dilation performed under general anaesthesia using fluoroscopy. The pig started to gain weight, developed normally, and was successfully harvested 3 months later. The balloon dilation was curative and is presented as an option for cases of severe porcine gastric ulceration and esophageal stricture that are refractory to nutritional and medical management.
Individual and community‐level impacts of the unarmed all‐women Black Mamba Anti‐Poaching Unit
Authors: Danoff‐Burg James A. , Ocañas Alejandrina, R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn a conservation setting where escalating tension has been the norm, the unarmed primarily female‐composed Black Mambas Anti‐Poaching Unit (BMAPU) in South Africa are a successful counterpoint in that they have decimated poaching using only diplomacy and patrols. We sought to understand if the BMAPU is achieving its secondary goal of influencing support for conservation and wildlife among the nearby populace via community‐based conservation actions including outreach and environmental education. We also determined the impact that the program has on the Mambas themselves. Using a mixed‐methods survey we conducted structured in‐person interviews with 120 community members from four communities where the women of the BMAPU live, and among all the women that were on active duty in the BMAPU at the time of the surveys. We found that all participants in the BMAPU program reported improved self and community perception of their societal role as financial providers, as well as their sense of agency and self‐efficacy, relative to before becoming rangers. We also found that having BMAPU rangers living in the communities by itself did not contribute to community‐level support for wildlife conservation or protected areas. However, one community with both a large‐scale children's conservation education program and an equitable distribution of financial benefits paid by the nearby conservation concessionaires was significantly more supportive of wildlife conservation and protected areas than the other three. Further research to parse the relative contributions of the two contributing factors of education and financial benefit would help clarify their relative contributions. From this study, we conclude that a combination of child‐focused conservation education programs and equitable distribution of financial benefits leads to increased community support for wildlife, conservation, and protected natural areas, and decreases support for poaching.
Abiotic Stresses
Authors: Trethowan Richard M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAbiotic stresses, such as drought and high temperature, significantly limit wheat yield globally and the intensity and frequency of these stresses are projected to increase in most wheat growing areas. Wheat breeders have incrementally improved the tolerance of cultivars to these stresses through empirical selection in the environment, however new phenotyping and genetic technologies and strategies can significantly improve rates of genetic gain. The integration of new tools and knowledge in the plant breeding process, including better breeding targets, improved choice of genetic diversity, more efficient phenotyping methods and strategy and optimized integration of genetic technologies in the context of several commonly used wheat breeding strategies is discussed. New knowledge and tools that improve the efficiency and speed of wheat improvement can be integrated within the scaffold of most wheat breeding strategies without significant increase in cost.