bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le blasphème, entre droits sacrés et droits civils : place de l’intime et déplacement du sujet
Authors: Burgun Cédric 
Published: January 2022

Concilier liberté d’expression et respect des valeurs profondes et intimes de certains semble depuis quelque temps impossible. Pour bon nombre de religions, dont le catholicisme, la divinité n’est pas la seule à pouvoir être visée par un blasphème, mais également le croyant ou ce qui « conduit » à la foi, comme un lieu sacré ou des objets sacrés. Mais alors il ne faudrait pas que le droit séculier considère trop vite que le blasphème ne le concerne pas : en effet, l’histoire nous montre que le blasphème est intervenu comme régulateur de l’ordre social avec une double compréhension : dans une sorte de verticalité lorsqu’il concernait la divinité ou le roi, le prince ; et dans une horizontalité lorsqu’il était vécu comme une atteinte au groupe, certes à cause de la religion. Mais il nous semble aussi qu’il existe des transferts de sacralité : si hier, le blasphème concernait la divinité, ne concerne-t-il pas aujourd’hui d’une certaine manière l’état et certaines de ses valeurs qui en deviennent inattaquables ou intouchables ? Le blasphème touche à l’intime des convictions et tous, nous pouvons être concernés par un propos que l’on considèrera comme blasphématoire. C’est ce sentiment-là qui engendre une certaine violence puisque le propos lui-même est reçu violemment du fait de l’intime qui provoque.
Siglec-F Promotes IL-33–Induced Cytokine Release from Bone Marrow–Derived Eosinophils Independently of the ITIM and ITIM-like Motif Phosphorylation
Authors: Westermann Stefanie , Dietschmann Axel , Doehler Daniela , Castiglione Kirstin , Bochner Bruce S , Voehringer David , Radtke Daniel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Eosinophils are potent innate effector cells associated mainly with type 2 immune responses elicited by helminths and allergens. Their activity needs to be tightly controlled to prevent severe inflammation and tissue damage. Eosinophil degranulation and secretion of inflammatory effector molecules, including cytokines, chemokines, and lipid mediators, can be regulated by activating and inhibitory receptors on the cell surface. In this study, we investigated the modulation of proliferation, apoptosis, gene expression, and cytokine/chemokine secretion from IL-33–activated Mus musculus eosinophils on cross-linking of the transmembrane receptor Sialic acid–binding Ig-like lectin F (Siglec-F). Siglec-F contains an ITIM plus an ITIM-like motif in its intracellular tail and is mainly regarded as an inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing receptor. In vitro costimulation of bone marrow–derived eosinophils with anti–Siglec-F and IL-33 compared with treatment with either alone led to enhanced STAT6 phosphorylation, stronger induction of hypoxia/glycolysis-related proinflammatory genes, and elevated secretion of type 2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-13) and chemokines (CCL3, CCL4) with only minor effects on proliferation and apoptosis. Using a competitive mixed bone marrow chimera approach with wild-type and Siglec-F–deficient eosinophils, we observed no evidence for Siglec-F–regulated inhibition of Aspergillus fumigatus–elicited lung eosinophilia. Truncation of the Siglec-F cytoplasmic tail, but not mutation of the ITIM and ITIM-like motifs, ablated the effect of enhanced cytokine/chemokine secretion. This provides evidence for an ITIM phosphorylation-independent signaling pathway from the cytoplasmic tail of the Siglec-F receptor that enhances effector molecule release from activated eosinophils.
SARS-CoV-2 NSP13 Inhibits Type I IFN Production by Degradation of TBK1 via p62-Dependent Selective Autophagy
Authors: Sui Chao , Xiao Tongyang , Zhang Shengyuan , Zeng Hongxiang , Zheng Yi , Liu Bingyu , Xu Gang , Gao Chengjiang , Zhang Zheng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has seriously threatened global public health. Severe COVID-19 has been reported to be associated with an impaired IFN response. However, the mechanisms of how SARS-CoV-2 antagonizes the host IFN response are poorly understood. In this study, we report that SARS-CoV-2 helicase NSP13 inhibits type I IFN production by directly targeting TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) for degradation. Interestingly, inhibition of autophagy by genetic knockout of Beclin1 or pharmacological inhibition can rescue NSP13-mediated TBK1 degradation in HEK-293T cells. Subsequent studies revealed that NSP13 recruits TBK1 to p62, and the absence of p62 can also inhibit TBK1 degradation in HEK-293T and HeLa cells. Finally, TBK1 and p62 degradation and p62 aggregation were observed during SARS-CoV-2 infection in HeLa-ACE2 and Calu3 cells. Overall, our study shows that NSP13 inhibits type I IFN production by recruiting TBK1 to p62 for autophagic degradation, enabling it to evade the host innate immune response, which provides new insights into the transmission and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
IgM to IgG Class Switching Is a Necessary Step for Pemphigus Phenotype Induction in Desmoglein 3–Specific B Cell Receptor Knock-in Mouse
Authors: Nomura Hisashi , Wada Naoko , Takahashi Hayato , Kase Yuko , Yamagami Jun , Egami Shohei , Iriki Hisato , Mukai Miho , Kamata Aki , Ito Hiromi , Fujii Hideki , Ishikura Tomoyuki , Koseki Haruhiko , Watanabe Takashi , Yamada Taketo , Ohara Osamu , Koyasu Shigeo , Amagai Masayuki 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune blistering disease caused by IgG targeting desmoglein 3 (Dsg3), an adhesion molecule of keratinocytes. Anti-Dsg3 IgG production is prevented in healthy individuals, but it is unclear how Dsg3-specific B cells are regulated. To clarify the immunological condition regulating Dsg3-specific B cells, a pathogenic anti-Dsg3 Ig (AK23) knock-in mouse was generated. AK23 knock-in B cells developed normally without undergoing deletion or acquiring an anergic phenotype in vivo. The knock-in B cells showed Ca2+ influx upon IgM cross-linking and differentiated into AK23-IgG+ B cells after LPS and IL-4 stimulation in vitro that induced a pemphigus phenotype after adoptive transfer into Rag2−/− mice. However, the knock-in mouse itself produced AK23-IgM but little IgG without blisters in vivo. Dsg3 immunization and skin inflammation caused AK23-IgG production and a pemphigus phenotype in vivo. Furthermore, Fcgr2b deficiency or haploinsufficiency spontaneously induced AK23-IgG production and a pemphigus phenotype with poor survival rates in AK23 knock-in mice. To assess Fcgr2b involvement in Ig class-switch efficiency, postswitch transcripts of B cells were quantified and significantly higher in Fcgr2b−/− and Fcgr2b+/− mice than wild-type mice in a gene dose-dependent manner. Finally, RNA sequencing revealed reduced expression of FCGR2B and FcγRIIB-related genes in patient B cells. These results indicated that Dsg3-specific B cells do not spontaneously perform pathogenic class switching in vivo, and pemphigus phenotype induction was prevented under normal conditions. Attenuated FcγRIIB signaling is also one of the drivers for pathogenic class switching and is consistent with immunological features identified from clinical samples. This study unveiled a characteristic immune state silencing autoreactive B cells in mice.
Comparison of the efficacy of bone morphogenetic protein-4 on in vitro differentiation of murine adipose and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into primordial germ cells
Authors: Shirzeyli Maryam Hosseinzadeh , Tayyebiazar Ali , Aliakbari Fereshteh , Ghasemi Fahimeh , Eini Fatemeh , Shirzeyli Farhad Hosseinzadeh , Vanaki Elmira , Sobhani Aligholi 
Published: January 2022

Background and purpose:

In vitro development of functional gametes from pluripotent stem cells is a promising prospect to treat infertility. Mesenchymal stem cells with a high degree of plasticity and less tumorigenicity are a reliable source of stem cells for the generation of gametes. The present study aimed to compare the differentiation potential in the mesenchymal stem cells that are derived from bone marrow (BMDMSCs) and adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) into germ cells in a culture medium containing bone morphogenic protein-4 (BMP-4).

Experimental approach:
In this study, MSCs were isolated from both bone marrow and adipose tissue of murine samples. To further verify the nature of the harvested stem cells, their multipotency and surface marker were examined. The identified stem cells were cultured in a medium supplemented with 0 and 25 ng/mL of BMP-4 for 4 days. Flow cytometry analysis, immunofluorescence staining, and real RT-PCR were used to assess the expression levels in germ cell-specific biomarkers (Mvh, Dazl, Stra8, and Scp3).

Findings/Results:
CD44+, CD45-, CD31-, BMD-MSCs, and AD-MSCs showed to be capable of differentiating to osteo-adipogenic lineages. The flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and RT-PCR results indicated that early germ cell markers (Mvh and Dazl) were expressed in both types of cells but they were significantly higher in BMD-MSCs than AD-MSCs.

Conclusion and implications:
Based on our results, the addition of exogenous BMP4 to the culture medium could differentiate BMD-MSCs and AD-MSCs into primordial germ cells, but it is inadequate to further develop into late germ cells in vitro. Moreover, the results revealed that, although AD-MSCs were easier to collect and had faster growth and proliferation rates than BMD-MSCs, the BMD-MSCs were better capable of differentiation into primordial germ cells. They may serve to be considered a more suitable source of MSC for in vitro generation of gametes than AD-MSCs.
Assessment of Hypoxia and Physiological Stress Evinced by Usage of N95 Masks among Frontline Dental Healthcare Workers in a Humid Western Coastal Region of India-A Repeated Measure Observational Study
Authors: Manerkar Harsh U. , Nagarsekar Aradhana , Gaunkar Ridhima B. , Dhupar Vikas , Khorate Manisha 
Published: January 2022

Aim:
To assess the oxygen saturation in DHCWs using N95 and 3 ply surgical masks and determine the presence of any other subjective discomfort in them.

Settings and Design:
A repeated measure observational study conducted at the Tertiary Care Dental Institute situated in Goa, a western coastal region of India recording humid conditions year around.

Methods and Material:
Participants constituted 60 frontline DHCWs wearing N95 masks and 60 DHCWs working in non-clinical setting wearing surgical masks. After completion of a self-administered questionnaire their oxygen saturation and pulse rate were monitored at baseline, 60mins and 120mins using pulse oximetry. Statistical Analysis: Mann Whitney u test compared oxygen saturation between the two groups. Friedmann and Wilcoxon signed rank test with Bonferroni correction computed differences within group at various time intervals. Binary logistic and linear regression was used to compare the study variables with outcome measure. p value was set at < 0.05.

Results and Conclusion:
Oxygen saturation reported a significant drop post one hour of wearing N95 masks which increased in the second hour. Prolonged use of N95 mask in humid environment adds to the body's physiological burden or perceptions of discomfort and exertion. Efforts need to be taken to address this for better compliance to the use of these protective gears.
Adolescent pregnancy outcomes at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Malawi: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chaura Tamara , Mategula Donnie , Gadama Luis Aaron 
Published: January 2022

Introduction
Malawi has a growing population with a high Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) of 439 per 100,000 live births to which adolescents contribute 25%. Current data suggests adolescent pregnancies in low resource settings are at an increased risk of both maternal and neonatal morbidity. Objectives This study assessed the pregnancy outcomes amongst adolescents while using women from the early adulthood (20 - 24-year-old) and advanced maternal age (35 years old and above) groups as reference.Methods This was a cross-sectional study, carried out at the Chatinkha maternity (labour) and post-natal wards at QECH, and included all adolescents (10 – 19 years old) and women between 20 - 24 years old (early adulthood) and 35 years old or older (advanced maternal age), presenting in labor, at any gestational age ≥ 28 weeks or with a birth weight of 1000 grams or above. Results The study found the prevalence of adolescent pregnancy to be 20.4% (N=5035) out of all the deliveries during the recruitment period. Sexually transmitted infections were proportionally higher in the adolescent group, with 12% testing HIV seroreactive and 10% syphilis seroreactive. Neonatal outcomes of birth asphyxia (3.5%), low birth weight (5%), prematurity (4.3%) and early neonatal death (4.3%) were not statistically different from the outcomes of the older age groups. The major causes of maternal morbidity were determined to be a high caesarean section rate of 31.9% and intrapartum diagnosis of urinary tract infection (7.4%), malaria (7.4%) and hypertensive disorders (14.5%). Conclusions Adolescents are a significant proportion of the pregnant population in Malawi. These adolescents are at increased risk of some pregnancy and peripartum complications when compared to women of older age groups. However, our study determined that these outcomes appear to be more likely related to the peripartum care received and not solely specific to maternal age.
Melancolia urbana
Authors: Menezes Marcos Antonio de 
Published: January 2022

No final de 2020, a Editora 34 lançou O spleen de Paris, que reúne anedotas, reflexões e epifanias (pequenos poemas em prosa) do francês Charles Baudelaire (1821-1866). O volume conta com tradução primorosa de Samuel Titan Junior e texto de apresentação do escritor e cineasta argentino Edgardo Cozarinsky. Esta obra, do poeta maldito, já recebeu mais de dez edições no Brasil ― a primeira em 1937 ― e com certeza outras virão, mas esta tem todo um charme especial, a começar pela capa que traz o autorretrato de Baudelaire. Petits poèmes en prose (Le spleen de Paris) apareceu pela primeira vez, como edição póstuma, no quarto volume das Obras completas (1869) do poeta, organizadas por Théodore de Banville (1823-1891) e Charles Asselineau (1820-874) e editadas pela Gallimard.
COMPARISON OF DEXMEDETOMIDINE AND FENTANYL ON AIRWAY RESPONSE AND HEMODYNAMICS DURING TRACHEAL EXTUBATION
Authors: Gyawali Hari Prasad , Gurung Renu , Bastola Priska , Koirala Megha 
Published: January 2022

Background: Extubation is associated with various circulatory and airway responses. Various pharmacological measures including fentanyl and dexmedetomidine have been used to blunt the reflex without compromising the spontaneous respiration. In this study we wanted to compare dexmedetomidine and fentanyl on airway response, smoothness of extubation and hemodynamic changes.
Methodology: A total of 68 patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation, were randomized into two groups. Group A received dexmedetomidine 0.5 mcg/kg and Group B received 1 mcg/kg of fentanyl with the start of skin suturing over a period of 10 minutes via syringe pump. Airway reflex during suction and smoothness of extubation were assessed. Level of sedation during suction, extubation and then every 5 minutes post extubation for 15 minutes were recorded. Hemodynamic parameters were assessed every 5 minutes with start of test solution till extubation and then every 5 minutes for 15 minutes.
Results: A total of 68 patients were evaluated in the study. In dexmedetomidine group, 67.6% of patients had no cough on extubation while in fentanyl group 35.3% of patients had no cough on extubation which was statistically significant (p value 0.015). Mean heart rate during extubation increased in both the groups but the increase was 39% in Group B and 11% in Group A from baseline which was statistically significant (p value < 0.001). There was rise in mean systolic and mean arterial pressure during extubation in both the groups but the increase was significantly higher in fentanyl group. Patients in dexmedetomidine group were more sedated but there were no any adverse events.
Conclusion: With the results obtained from the study, it is concluded that dexmedetomidine 0.5 mcg/kg over 10 minutes before extubation is effective in alleviating airway response and haemodynamics compared to fentanyl 1 mcg/kg.
Gestión de residuos de construcción y demolición, para mitigar el impacto Ambiental y preservar nuestros recursos naturales: Una revisión de la literatura
Authors: Muñoz Pérez Sócrates Pedro , Bayona Reyes Marco Junior , Yovera Santisteban Julio Ricardo 
Published: January 2022

Muchos países han progresado en el aspecto constructivo, se habla de las grandes obras que se ejecutan como los enormes rascacielos, entre otras construcciones, pero no se habla de los impactos negativos al medio ambiente que estos generan. Uno de los principales generadores de impacto negativo que generan las construcciones son los Residuos de Construcción y Demolición (RCD), estos son arrojados en lugares no autorizados, como son descampados, ríos, terrenos abandonados, etc., solo pocas veces son arrojados en botaderos autorizados. El objetivo de esta investigación es revisar las gestiones que realizan los diferentes países, con el fin de minimizar el impacto que estos generan, mediante un análisis descriptivo y una recopilación documental de los años 2015 - 2020; teniendo como muestra a las diferentes investigaciones a través de 29 artículos científicos, siendo 12 de estos de la base científica de Scopus y 17 de ScienceDirect, los cuales datan de medidas políticas de supervisión, plantas procesadoras, incentivos a empresas recicladoras, reutilización de residuos con distintas metodologías, etc., destacando la importancia ecológica que comprende reutilizar los residuos mediante dichas gestiones que son para el bien del ambiente, ya que así se puede preservar los recursos naturales que día a día son explotados. Realizando un análisis exhaustivo se determina que tanto las plantas procesadoras de residuos, como los otros métodos y lineamientos dispuesto por los gobiernos van actualizándose constantemente y todos conllevan a un mismo fin, reciclar.
Método Blended Learning en las competencias matemáticas
Authors: Caballero Flores Magali Soledad 
Published: January 2022

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar investigaciones que realizaron sobre el método Blended Learning en el desarrollo de competencias matemáticas en los estudiantes de secundaria.
Se utilizó el método de revisión sistemática, consultando 107 artículos de repositorios abiertos, filtrándose 44 por criterios de inclusión y exclusión. De los 63 restantes se excluyeron 20 por criterios de calidad y se descartaron 11, quedando al final seleccionados para revisión y extracción 32 artículos. Los artículos seleccionados ponen en evidencia que el Blended Learning es una herramienta idónea para el desarrollo de competencias matemáticas, sin embargo, es necesario que los docentes tengan destrezas y habilidades digitales para poder hacer uso. Por otro lado, el Blended Learning en una consecuencia del avance de las TIC, y de la digitalización de la sociedad e individuos, por ello, el Blended Learning no solo contribuye a las competencias de matemática y otras materias, sino a desenvolverse en el mundo digital donde se desempeñara el futuro ciudadano, sin embargo es importante que los profesores tengan competencias en entornos virtuales
The Perceptions and knowledge of Physiotherapist regarding exercise and joint health in India
Authors: Kang (PT) Dr. Jaspreet Kaur , Vyas (PT) Neeta 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND:
A physiotherapist plays a key role in assessing, monitoring, educating and prescribing exercise for RA. A few previous surveys across the goble emphasized on the lack of evidence to guide physiotherapist recognizing the early signs of RA, in knowledge of disease course, and in evidence-based interventions and therefore the ability to manage an individual with RA over the course of the disease. The study aims to investigate physiotherapists’ current practice in specific disease-related Knowledge and clinical skills required managing people with RA and extent to which they promote physical activity and exercise.

METHOD:
A cross-sectional national e-survey was sent to physiotherapists regarding their confidence in managing RA patients. Questionnaire Data developed from previous literatures included the following details: years of clinical experience, current RA clinical caseload, and professional qualifications, primary clinical area of practice, relevant treatment options in established or newly diagnosed cases and management goals.

RESULT:
A total of 478 physiotherapist responses were received.84% agreed to the fact that exercises does play an important role in joint health promotion. Almost 70% strongly agreed to factor that FIIT principal has to be taken in consideration while prescribing exercises. Approximately 48% were familiar with Index that measures disease activity and ACR-preferred tools for functional status assessment in RA. Moreover, 98% were having a clear perspective of different guidelines of management in RA and Osteoarthritis (OA).While considering the choice of treatment physical activity and educational advice were more preferred as compared to the modalities or manual therapy.

CONCLUSION:
The present practices are in lines with the current guidelines for RA management, but still most of them never prescribed high-intensity exercise and lacked knowledge of when to advice appropriate splints/orthoses. Even the recommendations regarding splints were not clear. So, there's a requirement to develop education and training for constantly upgrading physiotherapists within for the promotion of physical activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Comparison of Gait parameters among the adults (18-24) with and without flatfoot – A Cross sectional study
Authors: Fulewale Nayan , Anap (PT) Dr. Deepak 
Published: January 2022

Background: Flat foot is a common deformity in which the medial longitudinal arch is eliminated or reduced, subtalar joint is pronated and the calcaneus achieves valgus position under- weight bearing conditions. Any feet disorder can alter the biomechanics of the entire lower limb. The aim of the study was to compare the gait parameters (Cadence, stride length, step length and pace) among the adults (18-24) with and without flat foot.
Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study with 3 months duration. Total 56 young adults (18-24) with and without flatfoot were recruited with purposive sampling method. the categorization of the type of arch using Arch-Height index. The Outcome measures were Gait parameters (cadence, distance walked in one minute, speed, step length, stride length) which were noted by pedometer of Smart watch and stride length, step length by using formula using cadence and distance findings. Result: Comparison analysis was done by using unpaired t-test. On comparison of various Gait parameters between normal and flat foot individuals such as cadence (p=0.7), distance walked in one minute (p= 0.96), speed (p=0.78), step length (p= 0.98), stride length (p= 0.92), there was no significant difference between two groups. Conclusion: The study concludes that there is no difference in gait parameters between flatfoot and normal foot.