bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Focus on Methodology: A Mixed-Methods Approach to Conduct a Comprehensive Evaluation of the Need for One Health Education for Medical and Veterinary Students in the Context of COVID-19
Authors: Roopnarine Rohini R , Boeren Ellen 
Published: February 2022

Background: The collaboration of health professionals across the interface of human, animal and environmental health, as embodied by the One Health concept (OH), is increasingly recognised as crucial for tackling diseases such as Ebola and COVID-19. This study was conducted prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, but in light of the current pandemic, the outcomes of this study highlight the need for educating Medical (MD) and Veterinary (DVM) students on the principles of OH. The purpose of this study was to determine the need for Interprofessional Education (IPE) initiatives that would familiarise MD and DVM students with the principles of OH, crucial to dissolving the siloes that have historically deterred collaboration. Method: We used a sequential explanatory Methods Research (MMR) approach design to evaluate the readiness of 428 students consisting of MD, DVM and dual degree Master of Public Health (MPH) students (MD/MPH, DVM/MPH) for IPE, as well as to obtain faculty perspectives across these disciplines, on the need for curricula inclusion of IPE and OH. Two methods of data collection were employed: A survey and 2 focus groups interviews. Results: The use of an MMR approach allowed us to comprehensively evaluate the need for OH education through the lenses of the students and faculty using a joint display that facilitated data integration and evaluation. Overall, the dual degree students had the greatest readiness for IPE, and MD students the lowest level of readiness for shared learning. The dual degree students had the most accurate understanding of OH competencies that consider the impacts of climate change, food security, antimicrobial resistance, health policy formation and zoonoses occurrence on human health. Themes derived from the focus group interviews revealed that faculty perceived OH education as crucial for preparing MD and DVM students for practice. Conclusion: The comprehensive assessment of the student and faculty perspectives, obtained using an MMR approach, illustrated that the incorporation of OH competencies within the MD and DVM curricula are crucial for preparing students for practice in the global environment. The dual degree pathway provides insight into how OH can be successfully incorporated within the curricula of these programmes.
The Potential Protective Effect of Curcumin and α-Lipoic Acid on N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl) Acetamide-induced Hepatotoxicity Through Downregulation of α-SMA and Collagen III Expression
Authors: Alhusain Ahlam , Fadda Laila , Sarawi Wedad , Alomar Hatun , Ali Hanaa , Mahamad Raeesa , Hasan Iman , Badr Amira 
Published: February 2022

Background and objectives N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetamide (NHPA) is the most commonly used analgesic and antipyretic agent worldwide; however, it remains the leading cause of drug-induced acute liver failure. This study explored the potential impact of curcumin (Curc) and/or α-lipoic acid (Lip acid) on liver damage induced by NHPA overdose. Materials and Methods Male Wistar rats were intoxicated with a single oral dose of NHPA (1000 mg/kg) and treated with Curc (200 mg/kg p. o.) and/or Lip acid (100 mg/kg i. p.). These treatments were given in 2 doses at 2 hours and 10 hours post-NHPA-administration. Animals were sacrificed 24 hours post-NHPA-administration. Results Treatment with Curc and/or Lip acid showed effective reduction of NHPA-induced liver injury, demonstrated by reducing serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, as well as hepatic nitric oxide and malondialdehyde. Curc and/or Lip acid treatments counteracted these changes. They also ameliorated NHPA-induced centrilobular hepatocellular necrosis, evidenced by histopathological examination. Moreover, Curc and Lip acid reduced the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and collagen III, upregulated by NHPA intoxication in response to oxidative stress and inflammation. Discussion and Conclusion Curc and Lip acid can be considered as promising natural therapies against liver injury, induced by NHPA, through their antioxidant and antifibrotic actions.
Is Dual Mobility Total Hip Arthroplasty Surgery More Aggressive than Hemiarthroplasty when Treating Femoral Neck Fracture in the Elderly? A Multicentric Retrospective Study on 302 Hips
Authors: Rotini Marco , Farinelli Luca , Natalini Leonardo , De Rosa Federico , Politano Rocco , Cianforlini Marco , Pacetti Emanuele , Procaccini Roberto , Magrini Pasquinelli Fabiana , Gigante Antonio 
Published: February 2022

Introduction Bipolar hemiarthroplasty (BHA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) are validated treatments for displaced femoral neck fractures (DFNFs). BHA seldomly needs conversion to THA, but the latter has higher dislocation rate in FNFs. Dual Mobility THA offers a reduced dislocation rate and eliminates the risk of conversion. This study looks for differences between BHA and DMTHA in terms of surgical time, blood loss and transfusion, dislocation rate, mortality, and thromboembolic events. Material and Methods All patients were ≥75yo. Recorded data included use of anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs, ASA, operative time, intra-operative complications, pre/post-operative hemoglobin values, transfusions, hospitalization time, DVT/PE, glomerular filtration rate, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), dislocation at 60 days, and mortality at 30 days and 6 months. A secondary analysis compared the subgroups in different age range (75–85 and ≥ 86yo). Results In the cohort of 302 DFNF (93 BHA and 209 DMTHA) differences in mean age, CCI, and ASA score were significant. Once divided by age, the subgroups resulted comparable in terms of age and CCI, with no significant difference. A significant difference in surgical times showed DMTHA being an average 12 minutes longer than BHA. Significant was the ΔHB in the DMTHA subgroup which resulted lower compared to the BHA one. Difference in mean number of post-operative transfusion were not statistically significant. Conclusions From our data, DMTHA did not lead to an increase in mortality, morbidity, bleeding, or dislocation rate when compared to BHA and could be considered as treatment of choice for DFNFs especially in healthy and active patients.
‘Nebbiolo’ genome assembly allows surveying the occurrence and functional implications of genomic structural variations in grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.)
Authors: Maestri Simone , Gambino Giorgio , Lopatriello Giulia , Minio Andrea , Perrone Irene , Cosentino Emanuela , Giovannone Barbara , Marcolungo Luca , Alfano Massimiliano , Rombauts Stephane , Cantu Dario , Rossato Marzia , Delledonne Massimo , Calderón Luciano 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
‘Nebbiolo’ is a grapevine cultivar typical of north-western Italy, appreciated for producing high-quality red wines. Grapevine cultivars are characterized by possessing highly heterozygous genomes, including a great incidence of genomic rearrangements larger than 50 bp, so called structural variations (SVs). Even though abundant, SVs are an under-explored source of genetic variation mainly due to methodological limitations at their detection.

Results
We employed a multiple platform approach to produce long-range genomic data for two different ‘Nebbiolo’ clones, namely: optical mapping, long-reads and linked-reads. We performed a haplotype-resolved de novo assembly for cultivar ‘Nebbiolo’ (clone CVT 71) and used an ab-initio strategy to annotate it. The annotated assembly enhanced our ability to detect SVs, enabling the study of genomic regions not present in the grapevines’ reference genome and accounting for their functional implications. We performed variant calling analyses at three different organizational levels: i) between haplotypes of clone CVT 71 (primary assembly vs haplotigs), ii) between ‘Nebbiolo’ and ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ assemblies and iii) between clones CVT 71 and CVT 185, representing different ‘Nebbiolo’ biotypes. The cumulative size of non-redundant merged SVs indicated a total of 79.6 Mbp for the first comparison and 136.1 Mbp for the second one, while no SVs were detected for the third comparison. Interestingly, SVs differentiating cultivars and haplotypes affected similar numbers of coding genes.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that SVs accumulation rate and their functional implications in ‘Nebbiolo’ genome are highly-dependent on the organizational level under study. SVs are abundant when comparing ‘Nebbiolo’ to a different cultivar or the two haplotypes of the same individual, while they turned absent between the two analysed clones.
Evaluation of four methods to identify the homozygotic sex chromosome in small populations
Authors: Hansen Charles Christian Riis , Westfall Kristen M. , Pálsson Snæbjörn 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhole genomes are commonly assembled into a collection of scaffolds and often lack annotations of autosomes, sex chromosomes, and organelle genomes (i.e., mitochondrial and chloroplast). As these chromosome types differ in effective population size and can have highly disparate evolutionary histories, it is imperative to take this information into account when analysing genomic variation. Here we assessed the accuracy of four methods for identifying the homogametic sex chromosome in a small population using two whole genome sequences (WGS) and 133 RAD sequences of white-tailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla): i) difference in read depth per scaffold in a male and a female, ii) heterozygosity per scaffold in a male and a female, iii) mapping to the reference genome of a related species (chicken) with annotated sex chromosomes, and iv) analysis of SNP-loadings from a principal components analysis (PCA), based on the low-depth RADseq data.ResultsThe best performing approach was the reference mapping (method iii), which identified 98.12% of the expected homogametic sex chromosome (Z). Read depth per scaffold (method i) identified 86.41% of the homogametic sex chromosome with few false positives. SNP-loading scores (method iv) identified 78.6% of the Z-chromosome and had a false positive discovery rate of more than 10%. Heterozygosity per scaffold (method ii) did not provide clear results due to a lack of diversity in both the Z and autosomal chromosomes, and potential interference from the heterogametic sex chromosome (W). The evaluation of these methods also revealed 10 Mb of putative PAR and gametologous regions.ConclusionIdentification of the homogametic sex chromosome in a small population is best accomplished by reference mapping or examining differences in read depth between sexes.
The effects of fentanyl, oxycodone, and butorphanol on gastrointestinal function in patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy: a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Guo Minna , Liu Shijiang , Gao Jian , Han Chuanbao , Yang Chun , Liu Cunming 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Perioperative opioid use is associated with postoperative bowel dysfunction, which causes longer hospital stay and higher healthcare costs. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the equivalent doses of fentanyl, oxycodone, and butorphanol on bowel function in patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy.

Methods
In this randomized controlled trial, 135 patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy received postoperative intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) with fentanyl 8.3 μg/kg, butorphanol 0.16 mg/kg, and oxycodone 0.5 mg/kg (1: 20: 60), respectively. The primary outcome measure was the recovery of bowel function. We also evaluated and recorded the following nine indicators: pain score, sedation level, leukocyte count, percentage of neutrophils, plasma potassium levels, time to first ambulation, postoperative side effects, patients' satisfaction, and postoperative hospital length of stay.

Results
The mean time to flatus was significantly prolonged in Group B (45.2 ± 11.6 h) compared with Group F (33.1 ± 11.2 h, P < 0.001) and Group O (36.2 ± 10.9 h, P = 0.001). The incidence of somnolence and dizziness prove higher in Group B (P < 0.001). No statistical difference was observed in the mean time to tolerate oral diet, time to defecation, analgesic outcome, satisfaction score, time to first ambulation, and postoperative hospital length of stay.

Conclusions
Compared with fentanyl and oxycodone, butorphanol prolonged the recovery of bowel function with more severe somnolence and dizziness, suggesting that butorphanol is not well suitable for IV-PCA in patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov-NCT04295109. Date of registration: March, 2020.
Helicobacter pylori infection is not an independent risk factor of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in China
Authors: Wang Weijun , Fan Mengke , Gong Rui , Zhang Yurui , Zeng Junchao , Xu Sanping , Lin Rong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The role of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains controversial. The exact relationship requires further investigation. This study aimed to determine the association between them in China.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted on 71,633 participants who underwent physical examinations. 13C urea breath test (13C-UBT) was conducted to detect H. pylori infection, and ultrasonography was used to detect NAFLD.

Results
Body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), and triglyceride (TG) levels were higher in participants with H. pylori infection than in those without H. pylori infection. While the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) for participants with H. pylori infection was lower than without H. pylori infection (P < 0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors (age, sex, BMI, BP, Scr, BUN, LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides, FBG and HbA1c), multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that there was no independent relationship between them (P = 0.574). Subgroup analysis (stratified by sex, age, BMI, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia) showed that H. pylori infection was not included as an independent risk factor for NAFLD. Moreover, the different grades of NAFLD were not related to H. pylori infection.

Conclusions
These results indicate that H. pylori infection is not an independent risk factor for NAFLD in China.
Effects of a new respiratory muscle training device in community-dwelling elderly men: an open-label, randomized, non-inferiority trial
Authors: Kim Sang Hun , Shin Myung-Jun , Lee Jang Mi , Huh Sungchul , Shin Yong Beom 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Respiratory muscle training (RMT) has various clinical benefits in older adults; however, the low adherence to training remains a challenging issue. The present study aimed to confirm the efficacy of a new device that combines inspiratory muscle training and a positive expiratory pressure (IMT/PEP) compared to that of a Threshold IMT device (Philips Respironics Inc), and to determine whether home-based training differed from rehabilitation center training.

Methods
This four-arm, multicenter, parallel, non-inferiority trial randomized 80 active community-dwelling older men (mean age = 72.93 ± 5.02 years) to center-based groups (new IMT/PEP device or Threshold IMT device; 16 supervised sessions) or home-based groups (new IMT/PEP device or Threshold IMT device; 2 supervised sessions and individual sessions). Participants in all groups performed RMT twice a day for 8 weeks. Assessments were performed at baseline and post-training. The primary outcomes were maximum inspiratory pressure and maximal expiratory pressure. The secondary outcomes included forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in the first second, peak cough flow, diaphragm thickness, VO2 peak, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire score, electromyographic activities of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and skeletal muscle mass and phase angle as measured by bioimpedance analysis. In addition, rates of adherence to each protocol were also compared.

Results
Among all groups, the maximal inspiratory pressure was improved post-training, while the maximal expiratory pressure showed improvement only in the IMT/PEP groups. The overall non-inferiority of the IMT/PEP device was thus validated. A statistically significant improvement in diaphragm thickness was found. However, no consistent improvement was shown in other secondary outcomes. No significant difference in training adherence rate between protocols was observed (mean adherence rate of 91–99%).

Conclusion
Compared to the Threshold IMT, the new IMT/PEP device did not result in a significant difference in maximal inspiratory pressure but did improve maximal expiratory pressure in older men. The IMT/PEP device’s improved usability, which is associated with exercise adherence, provided distinct advantages in this cohort. If proper education is first provided, home-based RMT alone may provide sufficient effects in older individuals.

Trial registration
This trial was registered in the database cris.nih.go.kr (registration number KCT0003901) on 10/05/2019.
Psychological distress and associated factors among kidney transplant recipients and living kidney donors during COVID-19
Authors: Thangaraju Sobhana , Wang Yeli , Kee Terence , Tee Ping Sing , Lu York Moi , Yong Jing Hua , Ho Quan Yao , Liew Ian Tatt , Foo Fiona , Kwan Natelie , Ng Eleanor , He Xia , Lee Constance , Baey Shannon , Leong Jenny , Tan Judy , Shirore Rupesh Madhukar , Jafar Tazeen Hasan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused significant psychological distress globally. Our study assessed the prevalence of psychological distress and associated factors during COVID-19 pandemic among kidney transplant recipients and kidney donors.MethodsA cross-sectional survey of 497 participants (325 recipients and 172 donors) was conducted from 1st May to 30th June 2020 in Singapore. The survey questionnaire assessed knowledge levels of COVID-19, socio-demographic data, health status, psychosocial impact of COVID-19, and precautionary behaviors during the pandemic. Psychological distress was defined as having anxiety, depression, or stress measured by the validated Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21. Linear regression analyses were used to assess factors associated with higher psychological distress.ResultsThe prevalence of psychological distress was 14.3% (95% confidence interval: 11.5–17.6%) in the overall population; it was 12.8% (9.79–16.6%) in recipients and 13.4% (9.08–19.6%) in donors with no significant difference (P = 0.67). Younger age (21–49 vs. ≥50 years), unmarried status, non-Singapore citizen, worse health conditions, and worrying about physical and mental health were associated with higher psychological distress. Malays (versus Chinese), taking precautionary measures (hand sanitization), and receiving enough information about COVID-19 were associated with lower psychological distress. No interactions were observed between recipients and donors.ConclusionsAt least one in ten recipients and donors suffer from psychological distress during COVID-19 pandemic.Focused health education to younger adults, unmarried individuals, non-Singapore citizens, and those with poor health status could potentially prevent psychological distress in recipients and donors.
Gut microbiota in pregnant Malaysian women: a comparison between trimesters, body mass index and gestational diabetes status
Authors: Abdullah Bahiyah , Daud Suzanna , Aazmi Mohd Shafiq , Idorus Mohd Yusri , Mahamooth Mas Irfan Jaya 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The primary purpose of the study is to determine the variation of gut microbiota composition between first (T1) and third trimester (T3); gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and non-gestational diabetes mellitus (NGDM); and also within a different category of Body Mass Index (BMI) of selected pregnant Malaysian women.

Methods
A prospective observational study on selected 38 pregnant Malaysian women attending a tertiary medical centre was carried out. Those with preexisting diabetes, metabolic syndrome or any other endocrine disorders were excluded. GDM was determined using oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) while BMI was stratified as underweight, normal, pre-obese and obese. Fecal samples were then collected during the first trimester (T1) and the third trimester (T3). The V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA gene amplicon libraries were sequenced and analyzed using QIIME (version 1.9.1) and METAGENassist.

Results
Twelve women (31.6%) were diagnosed as GDM. A trend of lower α-diversity indices in GDM, pre-obese and obese pregnant women were observed. Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) shows a clustering of gut microbiota according to GDM status and BMI, but not by trimester. Genera Acidaminococcus, Clostridium, Megasphaera and Allisonella were higher, and Barnesiella and Blautia were lower in GDM group (P < 0.005). Obese patients had gut microbiota that was enriched with bacteria of Negativicutes and Proteobacteria class such as Megamonas, Succinatimonas and Dialister (P < 0.005). The normal and mild underweight profiles on the other hand had a higher bacteria from the class of Clostridia (Papillibacter, Oscillibacter, Oscillospira, Blautia, Dorea) and Bacteroidia (Alistipes, Prevotella, Paraprevotella) (P < 0.005).

Conclusion
The prevalence and variation of several key bacteria from classes of Negativicutes, Clostridia and Proteobacteria has potential metabolic links with GDM and body weight during pregnancy which require further functional validation.