bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histopathological evaluation of Wallago attu (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) infested by ectoparasites
Authors: Vankara Anu prasanna , Thummala Chandrasekhar , Khateef Riazunnisa , Peddinti Rafeeq Ahammed 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundHost-parasite interaction studies represent the dependency of the parasites on the host through various models. Gill infesting copepods, monogeneans and isopods served as excellent models to study the details of host-parasite interaction. In the present investigation,Wallago attu(Bloch & Schneider, 1801) was extensively studied for histopathological damage caused by ectoparasites like monogeneans (Thaparocleidus indicus, Thaparocleidus wallagoniusandMizelleus indicus), copepod (Ergasilus malnadensis) and an isopod (Alitropus typus) during August 2017 to February 2018. Both the control (least infested) and severely infested gills were examined through light microscope to approximate the intensity of damage caused by above ectoparasites.ResultsPathological effects of ectoparasites displayed a fusion of secondary lamella, hyperplasia of the gill filaments and the epithelial cells, propagation of bronchial tips, thinning of the central axis, deshaping, shortening and fusion of secondary gill lamellae epithelium, severe degenerative and necrotic changes in gill filaments and secondary lamellae, curling of secondary lamellae and mucous cells proliferation.ConclusionsEctoparasites cause severe damage to gills ofW. attu, thereby diminishing the gill breathing capacity of the fish. Timely pathological studies can reveal the extent of damage caused by the parasites and thus various diagnostic programs and best management practices can be implemented in aquaculture for the better yield.
Case report of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in a 24-year-old female: an uncommon presentation
Authors: Steeman Antoine , Andriescu Ionut , Sporcq Cécile , Mathieu Delphine , Meurant Virginie , Mazairac Guy 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a form of autoimmune encephalitis. Due to the variability of the initial symptoms, anti-NMDAR encephalitis is not only underdiagnosed but also can be misdiagnosed as viral encephalitis or other pathologies. The origin of this disease is often paraneoplastic. Anti-NMDAR encephalitis preferentially affects children and young adults, and it has a male/female ratio of 1/4. In case of clinical suspicion, electroencephalogram and brain magnetic resonance imaging are useful, but lumbar puncture for cerebrospinal fluid analysis is used to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment for this disease includes immunosuppression and tumour resection when indicated.

Case presentation
We report the case of a 24-year-old female admitted to the emergency room following the onset of acute confusion. Due to the rapid deterioration of consciousness, swallowing disorders, respiratory failure and severe bradycardia the patient was intubated. On day 23 after presentation, brain magnetic resonance suggested autoimmune limbic encephalitis. Cerebrospinal fluid results were positive for anti-NMDA antibodies. After IV methylprednisolone and plasmapheresis and a second line therapy with corticosteroid and mycophenolic acid, the patient’s clinical condition gradually improved.

Conclusions
Anti-NMDAR encephalitis typically occurs in young patients with no history of acute psychiatric symptoms. The possibility of this pathology should be taken into account before diagnosing a patient with a psychiatric illness.
Effect of wrinkles on extreme ultraviolet pellicle reflectivity and local critical dimension
Authors: Lee Dong Gi , Kim Young Woong , Moon Seungchan , Ahn Jinho 
Published: June 2022

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) pellicles must have an EUV reflectance (EUVR) below 0.04% to prevent the reduction of critical dimension (CD). However, pellicle wrinkles cause localized CD variation by locally amplifying the EUVR. This study demonstrates that wrinkles can increase the pellicle’s EUVR by approximately four times, and the CD drop depends on the relative position of the reflected light from the wrinkle to the 0th- or 1st-order diffracted light. The CD decreases by 6 nm. Therefore, even if the pellicle satisfies the requirement for the EUVR, we need to tightly control the generation of wrinkles to suppress CD variation during the entire exposure process.
Awareness of hepatitis B post-exposure prophylaxis among healthcare providers in Wakiso district, Central Uganda
Authors: Isunju John Bosco , Wafula Solomon Tsebeni , Ndejjo Rawlance , Nuwematsiko Rebecca , Bakkabulindi Pamela , Nalugya Aisha , Muleme James , Kimara Winnie Kansiime , Kibira Simon P. S. , Nakiggala Joana , Mugambe Richard K. , Buregyeya Esther , Ssekamatte Tonny , Wanyenze Rhoda K. 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundHealthcare providers (HCPs) are at an elevated occupational health risk of hepatitis B virus infections. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is one of the measures recommended to avert this risk. However, there is limited evidence of HCPs’ awareness of hepatitis B PEP. Therefore, this study aimed to establish awareness of hepatitis B PEP among HCPs in Wakiso, a peri-urban district that surrounds Uganda’s capital, Kampala.MethodsA total of 306 HCPs, selected from 55 healthcare facilities (HCFs) were interviewed using a validated structured questionnaire. The data were collected and entered using the Kobo Collect mobile application. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to establish the factors associated with awareness of hepatitis B PEP.ResultsOf the 306 HCPs, 93 (30.4%) had ever heard about hepatitis B PEP and 16 (5.2%) had ever attended training where they were taught about hepatitis B PEP. Only 10.8% were aware of any hepatitis B PEP options, with 19 (6.2%) and 14 (4.6%) mentioning hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and hepatitis B vaccine, respectively as PEP options. Individuals working in the maternity department were less likely to be aware of hepatitis B PEP (AOR = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.02–0.53). There was a positive association between working in a healthcare facility in an urban setting and awareness of hepatitis B PEP (AOR = 5.48, 95% CI = 1.42–21.20). Hepatitis B screening and vaccination were not associated with awareness of PEP.ConclusionsOnly one-tenth of the HCPs were aware of any hepatitis B PEP option. Awareness of hepatitis B PEP is associated with the main department of work and working in a healthcare facility in an urban setting. This study suggests a need to sensitise HCPs, especially those in rural HCFs and maternity wards on hepatitis B PEP. The use of innovative strategies such as e-communication channels, including mobile text messaging might be paramount in bridging the awareness gap.
Long-term outcomes after discontinuing biological drugs and tofacitinib in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Mori Shunsuke , Okada Akitomo , Koga Tomohiro , Ueki Yukitaka 
Published: June 2022

Objective
This study examined long-term outcomes of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) and tofacitinib discontinuation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods
Ninety-seven RA patients who desired drug discontinuation after sustained remission or low disease activity for at least 48 weeks due to stable treatment with biological drugs or tofacitinib were enrolled into this study. All patients were prospectively followed until disease flare or the end of the study. Discontinued drugs (previous drugs) were reintroduced to treat flares.

Results
Following bDMARD/tofacitinib discontinuation (mean follow-up, 2.1 years; standard deviation, 2.0), disease flare occurred at a crude incidence rate of 0.36 per person-year. The median time to flare was 1.6 years (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.9–2.6), and the cumulative flare probability was estimated to be 45% at 1 year, 64% at 3 years, and 80% at 5 years. No or little radiological progression was shown in 87.1% of patients who maintained remission for 3 years. A Fine‒Gray competing risk regression analysis showed that predictive factors for a flare were longer RA duration at the start of bDMARD/tofacitinib treatment, previous failure of treatment with bDMARDs, and a shorter period of remission or low disease activity before drug discontinuation. Type of discontinued drug was not identified as a predictive factor after adjusting for other predictor variables. Restarting previous treatment regimens led to rapidly regaining disease control in 89% of flare patients within 1 month.

Conclusion
Discontinuation of bDMARD/tofacitinib may be a feasible strategy in RA patients, especially patients with early treated and longer-controlled RA. Flares are manageable in most RA patients and radiological progression is rare for at least 3 years in patients with sustained remission after bDMARD/tofacitinib discontinuation.
Awareness of diagnosis, treatment plan and prognosis among patients attending public hospitals and health centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Teklu Alula M. , Abraha Mebratu , Legesse Tegenne , Bekele Mahteme , Getachew Abrham , Aseffa Bizuayehu , Molla Million , Belachew Frehiwot , Haregu Tilahun N. 
Published: June 2022

Introduction
Providing patient-centered care is one of the key focus areas of the Ethiopian Health Service Transformation Plan. To this end, improving health literacy of the community is critical. However, there is limited evidence about the health literacy of Ethiopians, especially among those who visit health facilities.

Objective
The aim of this study was to examine awareness of diagnosis, treatment plan and prognosis among patients at the time of their exit from public hospitals and health centers.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 627 patients in two public hospitals and selected health centers in Addis Ababa, using a systematic random sampling technique from inpatient and outpatient departments (OPD). A total of 579 study participants had complete data and were included in this analysis. A structured, pre-tested and interview-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. We used proportions to describe the findings and logistic regression analyses to assess factors associated with awareness of diagnosis, treatment plan and prognosis.

Result
About three-fifths (61.9%) and 52.8% of the study participants knew correctly their diagnosis and treatment plan respectively. More than two-thirds, 68.4%, said that they knew about the prognosis of their illness. However, only 21 (3.6%) patient medical records had information on prognosis. Gynecologic patients had significantly lower awareness about their diagnosis and treatment plan as compared to those from a general outpatient department. Emergency patients had significantly lower awareness of their treatment plan (OR = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.11,0.68) and prognosis (OR = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.09,0.50) than new OPD patients. Patients who indicated they had a good experience at their clinical assessment had significantly lower awareness of their prognosis (OR = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.81).

Conclusion
A significant proportion of patients didn’t know their correct diagnosis, treatment plan and prognosis. This was more pronounced among gynecologic and emergency patients. More efforts are needed to strengthen patient-provider interaction.
The Difference of Length of Stay, Surgical Site Infection, Post Surgical Pain, and Bile Leak in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy and Open Cholecystectomy
Authors: Putri Dilla , Jaeri Santoso , Prasetyo Agung Aji , Prasetyo Sigit Adi 
Published: June 2022

Background: The incidence of cholesistolithiasis is increased due to the changes of diet to the western diet. The cholecystectomy is one of the treatments for cholecystolithiasis. It can be divided into laparoscopic cholecystectomy and laparotomy cholecystectomi. The previous study demonstrated that the laparoscopic cholecystectomy was better than laparotomy cholecystectomy for postoperative length of stay, surgical site infection, postoperative pain, and bile leak in cholecystolithiasis, but there is no official data and research yet in Indonesia Objective: To determine the difference of postoperative length of stay, surgical site infection, postoperative pain, and bile leak in laparoscopic cholecystectomy and laparotomy cholecystectomy.Methods: An analytic observational study with cross sectional design. Subject was patient who had undergone laparoscopic or laparotomy cholecystectomy from Dr Kariadi Hospital, Semarang and RSND Semarang during period of 2013 to 2019. The Mann Whitney-U test was used to determine the difference of length of stay as well the Chi Square test for determining the difference of surgical site infection, postoperative pain, and bile leak among both groups.Results: 34 (41.5%) men and 48 (58.5%) women with an age avarage of 49.84 ± 13.54 years were included. There were a significant difference between laparoscopic and laparotomy cholecystectomy in cholecystectolithiasis cases on postoperative hospital stay (p = 0.000), postoperative pain (p = 0.000), surgical site nfection (p = 0.000), and bile leak ( p = 0.013).Conclusion: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was better than open cholecystectomy in postoperative hospital stay, surgical site infection, postoperative pain, and bile leak for cholecystolithiasis cases. Keywords: bile leak , cholecystetomy, cholecystolithiasis, laparoscopy, laparotomy
THE DIFFERENCE OF HISTOPATHOLOGICAL IMAGE OF THE WISTAR RAT’S KIDNEY ADMINISTERED WITH GRADUAL DOSAGE OF PYRETHROID
Authors: Almayang Diaz , Saebani Saebani , Dhanardhono Tuntas , Ambarwati Endang , Miranti Ika Pawitra 
Published: June 2022

Background: Pyrethroid pesticide poisoning cases in developed and developing countries have a high incidence every year. One of the active substances in pyrethroid widely used is cypermethrin. The effects of cypermethrin intoxication on the kidneys, especially in humans, are little to be studied. This study aims to determine the difference in the histopathological image of the Wistar rat’s kidney.Method: The experimental research of the post-test only control group design involved 24 male Wistar rats divided into 4 groups randomly, the control (not given cypermethrin), treatments of 125 mg/kgBW, 250 mg/kgBW, and 500 mg/kgBW. Cypermethrin are given orally for 14 days. After the rats were terminated, the kidney were processed to be paraffin-embedded tissues and stained with HE. Tubular injuries were examined using 400x magnification of light microscope and focused on closure of tubular lumen as well as proteinaceous cast inside the lumens.Results: The results of this study showed that the means of histopathological damage to the kidneys increased from control group to 500 mg/kgBW treatment group. Statistical analysis with One way ANOVA showed significant differences (p<0.001), continued with Post hoc games Howell test, there was a significant differences between control group with 250 mg/kgBW treatment group and 500 mg/kgBW treatment group, and between 125 mg/kgBW treatment group with 250mg/kgBW treatment group and 500 mg/kgBW treatment group. There was no significant difference between the control group with 125 mg/kgBW group and 250 mg/kgBW treatment group with 500 mg/kgBW treatment group.Conclusion: There is a significant difference in renal histopathological image due to exposure to pyrethroid (cypermethrin) in gradual doses. The image of kidney damages can result in tubules injury which include: albuminous degeneration with narrowing of the tubular lumen and hyaline cast. The means of tubular injury rate will increase with increasing dose of pyrethroid.
The Effect of Various Concentrations of Liquid Smoke with Time Differences on the Viability of Candida albicans
Authors: Nahla Nahla , Lestari Endang Sri , Hardini Nadia 
Published: June 2022

Background: Dentures that are rarely cleaned will trigger the growth of Candida albicans, which is a fungus known to be a major cause of opportunistic infections of the oral cavity. Liquid smoke is a chemical produced by distillation of smoke from combustion, containing phenol, carbonyl and carboxylic acids that are effective in killing fungi.Objective: To determine the effect of various concentrations of liquid smoke with different periods of time on the viability of Candida albicans.Methods: This was an experimental laboratory research with post-test only control group design. This study used Candida albicans colonies as samples with 6 different treatment concentrations of liquid smoke (100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, and 6.25%) and different periods of time (5 and 15 minutes), with 5 duplications.Results: The Kruskal-Wallis test on the MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) showed that there are significant differences (p <0.001) in the experimental groups, while the test on the MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) also showed the same result (p <0.001). The Mann-Whitney test stated that there was a significant difference between liquid smoke concentrations of 12.5% with positive control. The lowest concentration that could inhibit the growth of Candida albicans is 12.5%. At 24 hours incubation with 5 and 15 minute soaking time, the MBC of Candida albicans was 100% with 15 minute soaking time.Conclusions: Liquid smoke affected the growth of Candida albicans, characterized by MIC at a concentration of 12.5% and MBC at a concentration of 100% with a 15-minute soaking time.
TIME IN THERAPEUTIC RANGE (TTR) IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION WITH WARFARIN THERAPY IN SEMARANG, INDONESIA
Authors: Sekarsari Della Dafina , Ardhianto Pipin , Kresnoadi Erwin , Sobirin Mochamad Ali 
Published: June 2022

Background: Atrial fibrillation is one of the factors forming thromboembolism. The thromboembolism can be prevented with warfarin. A side effect of warfarin is increasing the occurrence of bleeding, these therapy requires an evaluation of its usage. These evaluations can be seen in the Time in Therapeutic Range (TTR) patients. TTR is the duration in which the International Normalized Ratio (INR) patients in referral value are 2.0-3.0. TTR > 70% can prevent bleeding on FA patients with warfarin therapy.Aim: To determine TTR in patients receiving warfarin with atrial fibrillation.Methods: This study was descriptive with a cross-sectional design for six months at Dr. Kariadi Hospital Semarang. TTR was calculated using Rosendaal's Methods after collecting three INRs and patients' demographics.Results: Total subject was 111 patients with an average age of 52,63 and the TTR average is 53,75. TTR in this study was divided into two groups, that groups were poor TTR (TTR < 70%) with 82 patients (73.88%) and good TTR (≥70%) with 29 patients (26.12%).Conclusions: The average TTR in FA patients with warfarin therapy was 53,75%.
Association Between Birth Weight and Quality of Life in Early and Middle Adolescence
Authors: Ni'mah Eva Latifatun , Anantyo Dimas Tri , Suswihardhyono Adhie Nur Radityo , Nugroho Teddy Wahyu 
Published: June 2022

Background: Children with low birth weight tend to have a higher risk of experiencing abnormal growth and developmental delays. While the risk of developing obesity in the later years is higher in children with high birth weight. Physical and psychological conditions can affect the quality of life of adolescents.Objective: To analyze the association between birth weight and quality of life in early and middle adolescents.Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 120 students aged 13-16 years in Semarang City in which a consecutive sampling method was used. The study was conducted in August 2020. Research subjects need to fill up the PedsQL, PAQ, birth history, and socio-economic questionnaires. Statistical analyses used were Chi-square and logistic regression tests.Results: Birth weight was significantly associated with quality of life (p=0.002). A history of abnormal birth weight increases the risk of experiencing poor quality of life as a teenager (p=0.002; OR=3.987). Low birth weight was associated with decreased physical function (p=0.001), whereas high birth weight was associated with reduced social and school functioning (p=0.013; 0.032). Gender was significantly associated with quality of life (p=0.016). Girls tend to have a higher risk of experiencing poor quality of life (p=0.021; OR=4.021).Conclusion: Birth weight has a significant association with quality of life in early and middle adolescents. Adolescents with a history of LBW or HBW were more likely to experience decreased quality of life than adolescents with a history of NBW.Keywords: Adolescence, Birth weight, Quality of Life.
THE EFFECT OF GARLIC (Allium sativum) EXTRACT ON THE HISTOPATOLOGICAL LUNG OF BALB/C MICE WITH NICOTINE EXPOSURE
Authors: Mahardika Ardiansyah , Armalina Desy , Purnawati Ratna Damma , Istiadi Hermawan , Ismail Akhmad 
Published: June 2022

Abstract Background: Nicotine is a major aspect of smoking. Nicotine cause damage to the lungs because the oxidative stress caused triggers an inflammatory response and lung damage to the alveoli. Garlic extract as an antioxidant agent so that it can against oxidative stress caused by nicotine exposure.Objective: This study is to proving the effect of multilevel dose of garlic extract on lung histopathology of BALB/c mice exposed to nicotine by inhalationMethods: The study used an experimental post test only control group design which was carried out for 24 days. Mice were given an adaptation period of 7 days followed by a treatment period of 14 days. On the last day, the lungs will be terminated and taken for histopathological tests. Mice were divided into 4 groups, namely a Healthy Control Group that was only given standard feed, a Negative Control Group that was given exposure to nicotine by inhalation at a dose of 10 mg/KgBW, treatment group 1 was given garlic extract 300 mg/KgBW orally and exposed to nicotine inhalation with a dose of 10 mg/KgBW, and treatment group 2 who were given garlic extract 500 mg/KgBW orally and exposed to nicotine by inhalation at a dose of 10 mg/KgBW. Histopathological preparations were made on each sample with Hematoxylin-Eosin paint which was then observed microscopically and assessed for severity of damage using scoring criteria.Results: Based on microscopic observations, the degree of lung damage is grouped into normal, mild, moderate, and severe degrees. The results in each group are in the following groups: Healthy Control Group : 73%,27%,0%,0% ; C(-) :0%,0%,33%,67% ; T1 : 0%,33%,67%,0% ; T2 : 0%,100%,0%,0%. The Kruskal Wallis test was performed to obtain significant differences, followed by the Mann Whitnney test which compared the treatment groups which showed significant results.Conclusion: By Giving garlic extract can reduce the degree of microscopic damage of mice lung due to nicotin inhalation exposure.