bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Democratic candidates in the 2020 US presidential primary: The portrayal of race, gender, and age in editorial cartoons
Authors: Zurbriggen Eileen L. , Vallerga Michael 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEditorial cartoons provide an incisive view on political candidates and often include more provocative or emotional material than textual editorials. A content analysis of editorial cartoons was conducted to examine the portrayals of candidates for the Democratic nomination for the US presidential election of 2020. Themes related to gender, race, and age were a particular focus. Gender stereotypes were more frequent in cartoons about candidates of color; however, this was largely driven by the high number of gender stereotypes in cartoons about Kamala Harris, a biracial Black woman. Race stereotypes were most common in cartoons about Harris and Elizabeth Warren (due to controversy about her claimed Native American ancestry). Age was a central theme only for the candidates who were younger or older than is typical for a presidential nominee. Women were not shown with their spouse more often than men; the only candidate with more than one cartoon including a spouse was Pete Buttigieg. These representations of his husband were likely a coded way to draw attention to his sexuality. As in prior research, women were more likely to be portrayed as violent. Findings support the continued relevance of age, gender, and race in media coverage of political campaigns.
A macroeconomic model of an epidemic with silent transmission and endogenous self‐isolation
Authors: Diez de los Rios Antonio 
Published: January 2022

Abstract.I study the interaction between epidemics and economic decisions in a model where: (i) agents allocate their time to market and home production and social and home leisure, (ii) these activities differ in their degree of contagiousness, (iii) some infected individuals are indistinguishable from susceptible individuals and (iv) agents are not necessarily rational. For baseline parameter values for the COVID‐19 pandemic, I find that agents partially self‐isolate by allocating more time to home activities and that the effective reproduction number of the disease stabilizes at 1. Detection and isolation of infected individuals severely mitigate the recession and deaths caused by the pandemic.
Applying a “fail‐fast” approach to conservation in US agriculture
Authors: Wardropper Chloe B. , Esman Laura A. , Harden Seth C. , Masuda Yuta J. , Ranjan Pranay , Weigel Collin , Ferraro Paul J. , Prokopy Linda S. , Reddy Sheila M. W. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractConservation programs often operate for many years with little information on program performance or impacts. A better process would encourage programs to “fail fast”—in other words, to implement rapid testing to learn and adapt early, and thereby avoid wasting resources. Here, we present a fail‐fast approach applied in a multiyear field trial program that sought to improve soil health in the US Cornbelt on farmland owned by nonoperating landowners. While failing fast requires investment and a supportive team culture, we recommend that this approach to program design, with metrics tailored to the program context, be used early and frequently throughout planning and implementation phases to improve program processes and test assumptions well before final outcomes are detectable.
Progression of cardiac structure and function in people with human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Bloomfield Gerald S. , Alenezi Fawaz , Chiswell Karen , Dunning Allison , Okeke Nwora Lance , Velazquez Eric J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivePeople living with HIV (PLWH) are at increased risk for cardiac dysfunction. It is unknown how their global longitudinal cardiac function, cardiac structure, and other indices of function progress over time. We aimed to characterize the longitudinal trend in cardiac structure and function in PLWH.DesignRetrospective study of PLWH with clinically obtained echocardiograms at an academic medical center.MethodsWe reviewed archived transthoracic echocardiograms (TTEs) performed between 2001 and 2012 on PLWH. The primary outcome measures were progression of global longitudinal strain (GLS, left and right ventricles), LV mass, E/e′ ratio, LV end‐systolic, and ‐diastolic volumes using hierarchical mixed model analysis as a function of CD4+ T cell count and HIV RNA suppression. Models were adjusted for clinical and demographic characteristics.ResultsWe analyzed 469 TTEs from 150 individuals (median age 46 years, 58% male). Median CD4+ T cell counts at nadir and proximal to first echocardiogram were 85 and 222 cells/mm3, respectively. Over a median of 5 years, LV mass index increased regardless of nadir or proximal CD4+ T cell count or viral suppression status. PLWH with viral suppression at baseline had more normal GLS throughout the follow‐up period. There were no significant trends in LV end‐systolic volume index or E/e′.ConclusionsIn PLWH, HIV viral suppression is associated with early gains in echocardiographic indices of cardiac function that persist for up to >5 years. HIV disease control impacts routine echocardiographic measures with known impacts on long‐term prognosis.
Serum asymmetric dimethylarginine level correlates with the progression and prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Ikenaka Kensuke , Maeda Yasuhiro , Hotta Yuji , Nagano Seiichi , Yamada Shinichiro , Ito Daisuke , Torii Ryota , Kakuda Keita , Tatebe Harutsugu , Atsuta Naoki , Aguirre Cesar , Kimura Yasuyoshi , Baba Kousuke , Tokuda Takahiko , Katsuno Masahisa , Kimura Kazunori , Sobue Gen , Mochizuki Hideki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and purpose:The aim was to investigate the association between serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels and the progression and prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and to compare cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum ADMA levels with other biomarkers of ALS.MethodsSerum ADMA levels of sporadic ALS patients (n = 68), disease control patients (n = 54) and healthy controls (n = 20) were measured using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Correlations of the ADMA level and other markers (nitric oxide and neurofilament light chain levels) were analyzed. Changes in the ALS Functional Rating Scale Revised (ALSFRS‐R) score from the onset of disease (ALSFRS‐R pre‐slope) was used to assess disease progression. Survival was evaluated using the Cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan–Meier analysis.ResultsThe serum ADMA level was substantially higher in patients with ALS than in healthy controls and disease controls. Serum ADMA level correlated with CSF ADMA level (r = 0.591, p < 0.0001) and was independently associated with the ALSFRS‐R pre‐slope (r = 0.505, p < 0.0001). Patients with higher serum ADMA levels had less favorable prognoses. CSF ADMA level significantly correlated with CSF neurofilament light chain level (r = 0.456, p = 0.0002) but not with nitric oxide level (r = 0.194, p = 0.219).ConclusionSerum ADMA level is an independent biomarker of ALS disease progression and prognosis and reflects the degree of motor neuron degeneration.
A new touchscreen for behavioural research on bees
Authors: Van de Beeck Lise , Plowright Catherine M. S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFlying insects encounter a considerable amount of multisensorial information during their first foraging trip and need to extract and process relevant cues to efficiently navigate their environment and locate food sources. Previous studies used static stimuli to investigate visual information processing during flight and the role of floral features on detection, landing, and flower handling behaviours. However, bees come across visual information sequentially, while sampling the visual scene and presenting visual features that change after landing would allow further understanding of the chronological aspect of visual information processing. Here, we describe a new methodology that uses the ShadowSense™ Multitouch technology to present interactive floral displays where a change in visual features is triggered upon a bee's landing. Two colonies of flower naïve bumblebees (Bombus impatiens) were exposed to unicoloured and bicoloured unrewarded floral images in which floral guides in the form of dummy stamens were added, removed, or remained unchanged in the centre upon landing. Our findings confirm preference by flower‐naïve bumblebees for bicoloured flowers and corroborate that small central visual guides direct the place of landing. Therefore, we establish proof‐of‐concept of this new methodology for bee research by reproducing previously demonstrated behaviours and by reporting that bees react to a change in visual information on the touchscreen. To our knowledge, this is the first research providing a touchscreen technology that can reliably be used with bees. While its efficiency with similar‐sized insects is yet to be confirmed, this technology provides new approaches for research on visual information processing as well as various behaviours in insects.
Chemsex and antiretroviral prescribing in an HIV cohort in Brighton, UK
Authors: Adler Zoe , Fitzpatrick Colin , Broadwell Nicholas , Churchill Duncan , Richardson Daniel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesChemsex has been reported among men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV. There have been concerns about potentially harmful drug–drug interactions between chemsex drugs and antiretroviral therapy (ritonavir and cobicistat). We aimed to describe the prevalence and patterns of chemsex users in our HIV clinic population and to evaluate antiretroviral prescribing among chemsex users.MethodsWe undertook a cross‐sectional study of patients attending our HIV clinic between January 2019 and December 2020. We collected data on patients who disclosed recent recreational drug use including chemsex in the previous 3 months.ResultsIn all, 2202/2501 (88%) patients were asked about recreational drug use and 514 (23%) disclosed recreational drug use. Eighty‐two (4%) of these disclosed recent chemsex; 73 (89%) used crystal methamphetamine, 51 (62%) used gamma‐hydroxybutyrate (GHB)/gamma‐butyrolactone (GBL), 55 (67%) reported poly‐drug use and 63 (76%) reported injecting drug use. The chemsex users were all cis‐male MSM and were significantly older (53 vs. 46 years, p < 0.0001), and more likely to have had previous syphilis (73% vs. 28%, p < 0.0001) than patients reporting non‐chemsex drug use. All chemsex users were prescribed antiretrovirals and 74 (90%) had an undetectable HIV viral load; 31 (38%) patients were taking either ritonavir (N = 12) or cobicistat (N = 19) as part of their antiretroviral regimen and this was similar to other patients attending for HIV care [31/82 (38%) vs. 768/2419 (31%), p = 0.25].ConclusionsThe prevalence of chemsex users among our HIV clinic attendants is 4%, and 38% of these were prescribed either ritonavir or cobicistat. Chemsex use should be a factor in antiretroviral therapy decision‐making to avoid potential harm.
Bruise detection and classification in jujube using thermal imaging and DenseNet
Authors: Dong Yuan‐Yuan , Huang Yuan‐Shen , Xu Bang‐Lian , Li Bai‐Cheng , Guo Bei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractJujubes (Ziziphus Mauritiana Lamk) are subjected to bruises during harvesting and post‐harvest processing, which will greatly reduce their commercial values. In this study, bruises on jujube are detected and classified based on thermal imaging and convolutional neural networks. A simple thermal imaging system is constructed that can capture thermal images speedily and clearly. Temperature difference analysis is performed on the collected thermal images and accordingly, the temperature difference of boundary in the bruised area varies between 1.72 and 3.25°C during the storage period. The temperature difference in the bruise boundary area minus the temperature difference in the center area varies between 0.4 and 1.2°C, and the degree of bruise of the jujube is evaluated through temperature difference analysis. The convolutional neural network DenseNet is adjusted to ensure suitability for classification of the thermal image data set collected in this study (the training dataset comprises 5,039 original thermal images, and the test dataset comprises 2,586 original thermal images), and the best prediction accuracy achieved is 99.5%.Practical ApplicationThis study can be used as a reference for the future development of harvest, sorting, storage, and transportation for bruise detection in jujube. Our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because the findings of this study could facilitate the development of an online thermal imaging system for bruise detection and classification in jujube in the future.
High global antioxidant protection and stimulation of the collagen synthesis of new anti‐aging product containing an optimized active mix
Authors: Martín‐Martínez Almudena , Sánchez‐Marzo Noelia , Martínez‐Casanova Diana , Abarquero‐Cerezo Mercedes , Herranz‐López Maria , Barrajón‐Catalán Enrique , Matabuena‐Yzaguirre Maria 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the in vitro efficacy on antioxidant potential, protection against global oxidative stress, and effect on collagen neosynthesis of minimalist formula (Peptide‐C ampoules product) containing 10% natural vitamin C, rice and lupin bio‐peptides, hyaluronic acid, and Vichy volcanic mineralizing water (active mix).MethodsIn‐tube quantitative tests (“in‐tube screening”) assessed global antioxidant properties, anti‐lipid peroxidation, anti‐protein glycosylation, and metalloproteinase inhibition (anti‐collagenase, anti‐elastase, and anti‐hyaluronidase activity) properties of the formula. Protection against oxidative stress was evaluated on human keratinocyte monolayer cultures, and collagen neosynthesis was quantified on fibroblast monolayer cultures treated with supernatants from product‐treated reconstructed human epidermis.ResultsProduct (5% concentration) showed high antioxidant ability (blocking 99.0% oxidation), protection against oxidative stress damage (51.8% lipid peroxidation and 37.8% protein glycosylation decreases), and inhibition of hyaluronidase (21.9%), elastase (47.1%), and collagenase (61.8%). The protective effect was validated on human keratinocyte monolayer cultures in the presence of active mix (0.025%). Oxidative stress (ROS) was reduced by 99.0%, while global oxidative stress (RMS) induced by pollution, UVA radiation, and a combination of both factors was reduced by 48.94%, 8.7%, and 96.28%, respectively. The product increased collagen neosynthesis (11.21%) by cellular dialogue in fibroblasts incubated with product/mix‐treated‐RHE supernatants.ConclusionThe combination of ingredients in the product showed high global antioxidant capacity, as well as a protective effect against oxidative stress induced by UVA, pollution, or both combined factors and an ability to stimulate collagen neosynthesis in in vitro studies, which support the clinical efficacy of this product.
Behavioural Agency and Firm Productivity: Revisiting the Incentive Alignment Qualities of Stock Options
Authors: Zolotoy Leon , O’Sullivan Don , Martin Geoffrey P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDrawing on behavioural agency theory, we revisit the incentive alignment qualities of stock options. Using behavioural agency’s logic, we theorize that chief executive officers (CEOs) are likely to perceive efforts directed at firm productivity as a means of protecting their option wealth (the value of previously awarded stock options). Our reasoning suggests that CEO option wealth positively influences firm productivity and that productivity mediates the relationship between CEO option wealth and firm value. Our theory also points to boundary conditions at the CEO level and the firm level. Our study advances research on the utility of stock options by focusing on effort and productivity as the mechanism through which option incentives affect CEO behaviours. We demonstrate that option risk bearing can align CEO–shareholder interests.
Population structure, maturity and relative growth of the porcelain crab Pachycheles laevidactylus Ortmann, 1892 (Decapoda, Porcellanidae) in a temperate zone
Authors: P. Horch Amanda , Terossi Mariana 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe porcelain crab Pachycheles laevidactylus is the most frequent crustacean decapod in the polychaeta sandbanks in some Brazilian locations; however, the only populational data available for this species are from Argentina. Here, we analysed the population structure, sex ratio, reproductive period, size at sexual maturity (functional and morphological) and relative growth of this species from two locations in southern Brazil. The crabs were collected seasonally during one year, sexed, counted and measured. A total of 1534 individuals were sampled, 943 in Torres and 591 in Tramandaí. There was no difference in cheliped size between sexes, while females were larger and had larger pleons than males, and this difference is related to reproduction. The sex ratio was 1:1 in both locations throughout the year. Ovigerous females were found in all seasons, with a higher frequency in the coldest seasons, but the presence of megalopae occurred exclusively in spring. The morphological sexual maturity for females was larger than the size of the smallest ovigerous female collected, as already reported for other decapods. Overall, the species starts reproducing at smaller sizes at locations closer to the edges of its distribution (northern Brazil and northern Argentina). Some differences in relative growth were found between males and females, adults and juveniles, and the implications of these differences are discussed. This study brings the first populational data of P. laevidactylus from Brazil over a year, which was compared with available studies of Porcellanidae and will be useful for comparison with future studies in tropical areas, to better understand how the biological aspects of this species vary along its wide distribution in the south‐western Atlantic.
Schubert's Bi‐rotational Sonata Forms: Developmental Function and the Type 1–2 Hybrid
Authors: HYLAND ANNE M. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTSchubert's early string quartets reveal a tendency towards bi‐rotational designs combining elements of type 1 (lacking a development section) and type 2 (beginning their second rotation off‐tonic) sonata form. Examples of the practice are found in first movements, slow movements and finales and encompass at least nine movements from the ten quartets composed between 1810 and 1815. Owing in part to their difficult reception history, these works have not yet been utilised to evaluate the applicability of sonata theory's typology of sonata forms to early nineteenth‐century repertoire, even though they seem uniquely well placed to do so.In this article I propose a new conceptual formal model based on a hybrid form, existing in a continuum between type 1 and type 2 structures. Through analysis of the first movement of the String Quartet in D major, D. 74 (1813) and the earlyQuartettsatzin C minor, D. 103 (1814), I argue that the tension between understanding these works as either balanced, parallel binary forms or as a single unfolding process of tonal actualisation stems from their particular historical profile: on the one hand, they hark back to Classical models (in particular, the operatic overture), and on the other, they are prescient of the progressive formal/tonal strategies in Schubert's later works. It is this unique dual perspective that renders these works apposite as a means by which to problematise the ostensibly strict distinction between type 1 and type 2 strategies, and to lead to a more nuanced realisation of the theory's analytical possibilities.
A century of Public Administration: Traveling through time and topics
Authors: Vogel Rick , Hattke Fabian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPublic Administration (PA) has been a unique witness and protagonist of scholarship in the field of public administration over the course of an entire century. On the occasion of the journal's 100th anniversary, we conduct a systematic analysis of the publication history using bibliometric methods enhanced by natural language processing. The findings show how disciplinary influences, geographical settings, and methodological orientations have changed over time. In our main analysis, we extract 63 thematic clusters on the basis of linguistic similarities and track their evolution through five eras of PA scholarship. Overall, the results show both the journal's strong British roots and its evolvement toward an increasingly international, interdisciplinary, and dynamic community. The findings also indicate the state of the field as a “fragmented adhocracy,” with changing modes of differentiation over time.
Engagement, clinical outcomes and therapeutic process in online mindfulness for psychosis groups delivered in routine care
Authors: Ellett Lyn , Dannahy Laura , Chadwick Paul 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesThere is growing evidence for the benefit of mindfulness‐based interventions (MBI) for people with psychosis. However, research is yet to evaluate the clinical benefit of delivering MBI groups online. We examine engagement, clinical outcomes, participant experience and therapeutic process of delivering therapy groups online in routine clinical practice.MethodsThe study used an uncontrolled pre‐post design to examine engagement, therapeutic benefits (depression, anxiety, beliefs about voices) and group process in a 12‐session online mindfulness group for individuals with a schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis with current distressing voices. Qualitative data on participant experience of online group therapy were analysed using Thematic Analysis.Results17/21 participants (81%) completed one of three consecutively run therapy groups. For completers there were significant reductions pre‐post in depression, anxiety, beliefs about voices and voice‐related negative affect, with medium to large effect sizes. There were individuals showing reliable and clinically significant improvements in each clinical outcome, and none showing reliable or clinically significant deterioriation. Participants’ rankings of the importance of different group therapeutic factors were very similar to those observed in face‐to‐face mindfulness for psychosis groups. Qualitative analysis of participant feedback identified three themes: ‘experience of online delivery’, ‘therapeutic benefits’ and ‘feeling connected to people in the group’.ConclusionsFindings in relation to therapy engagement, clinical benefits, participant experience and group process offer encouragement that online delivery of mindfulness for psychosis groups may be a useful addition to mental health services for people with distressing voices.