bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shallow trench isolation structure design for through‐silicon vias stress reduction
Authors: Wang Fengjuan , Liu Suiyang , Yin Xiangkun , Yu Ningmei , Yang Yuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThrough‐silicon vias (TSVs) technology provides an effective approach for “more than Moore,” however, the stress caused by TSVs may cause the surrounding devices to be squeezed and cause failure. In order to reduce the thermal stress of the TSV while innovatively considering the anisotropy of the silicon substrate, a shallow trench isolation (STI) structure was designed, and the influence of the shape and size of the STI on the stress reduction effect was studied. The research results show that the petal‐shaped STI structure reduces the thermal stress caused by TSV by 26% and the KOZ area by 31%, which provides a solution for reducing the stress and KOZ area in the anisotropic silicon substrate.
Carbamazepine mitigates parenteral nutrition–associated liver disease in a novel ambulatory piglet model
Authors: Song Eric , Nagarapu Aakash , van Nispen Johan , Armstrong Austin , Manithody Chandrashekhara , Murali Vidul , Voigt Marcus , Samaddar Ashish , Hutchinson Chelsea , Jain Sonali , Roenker Jeremy , Krebs Joseph , Jain Ajay K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundParenteral nutrition (PN) remains a critical therapeutic option in patients who cannot tolerate enteral feeding. However, although lifesaving, PN is associated with significant side effects, including liver injury, the etiology of which is multifactorial. Carbamazepine (CBZ), an antiepileptic medication, is known to modulate hepatic fibrosis and hepatocellular injury in a variety of liver diseases. We hypothesized that CBZ could prevent PN‐associated liver disease (PNALD), which we tested by using our novel ambulatory PN piglet model.MethodsPiglets were fitted with jugular catheters and infusion pumps for PN and randomized to enteral nutrition (n = 7), PN (n = 6), or PN with parenteral CBZ (n = 6) for 2 weeks. Serum and liver tissue were analyzed via light microscopy, quantification of serum liver injury markers, Ki67 and cytokeratin‐7 indexing, and real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.ResultsPN‐fed piglets in our model developed manifestations of PNALD—particularly, increased serum bilirubin, gamma‐glutamyltransferase, liver cholestasis, and Ki67 expression compared with that of EN‐fed animals (P < 0.03). CBZ therapy in PN‐fed animals led to a significant reduction in these markers of injury (P < 0.05). Investigation into the mechanism of these therapeutic effects revealed increased expression of sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 1 (SREBP‐1), peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPAR‐α), and fatty acid binding protein (FABP) in PN‐fed animals receiving CBZ (P < 0.03). Further investigation revealed increased LC3 expression and decreased lysosomal‐associated membrane protein (LAMP1) expression with CBZ (P < 0.03).ConclusionCBZ administration mitigates PNALD severity, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy targeting PN‐associated side effects, and may present a paradigm change to current treatment options.
Post‐release survival of translocated fishers: implications for translocation success
Authors: Lewis Jeffrey C. , Jenkins Kurt J. , Happe Patricia J. , Manson David J. , Griffin Paul C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs a vital tool for the conservation of species at risk, translocations are also opportunities to identify factors that influence translocation success. We evaluated factors associated with post‐release survival of 90 radio‐tracked fishers (Pekania pennanti) translocated from central British Columbia, Canada, to the Olympic Peninsula of Washington, USA, from 2008 to 2011. We hypothesized that the survival of translocated fishers would be affected by the same factors that influence the survival of resident, native fishers (i.e., sex, age, season, body condition), and additional factors that were associated with the translocation process (e.g., duration of captivity, release date, yr of release). Fisher survival was most strongly influenced by translocation year (i.e., release‐yr cohort), season, sex, and age class of fisher; whereas duration of captivity, standardized body mass, release date, and number of intact canines did not influence survival. Survival was lowest for fishers released in cohort 2 in 2009 and during the breeding season (Mar–Jun), and was greatest for juveniles and males. When combined across release‐year cohorts, year 1 survival rates were greatest for juvenile males followed by juvenile females, adult females, and adult males. Sex and age‐related differences in survival of translocated fishers were counter to those commonly reported for established fisher populations, where adult females often have the highest survival rates and juveniles the lowest. Predation (40%) and vehicle strikes (20%) were the most common causes of known mortality among the 24 recovered fishers for which cause of death was determined. We speculate that females face higher risks of mortality in translocated populations because their small size makes them more vulnerable to predation and because adult females in resident populations are less likely than males and juveniles to disperse. Our findings support designing translocations that favor releasing a preponderance of female fishers in recognition of their lower survival rates and to ensure adequate breeders are established in the population, and juvenile and young adult fishers to enhance survival of both sexes. Releases conducted over multiple years will minimize the impact of stochastic annual events that may adversely affect survival in any given year. Persistence, widespread distribution, and documented reproduction of fishers within our study area for ≥6 years following the last releases indicate that survival parameters we measured contributed toward successful population establishment over the short term.
From Raman Frequency Combs to Supercontinuum Generation in Nitrogen‐Filled Hollow‐Core Anti‐Resonant Fiber
Authors: Gao Shou‐Fei , Wang Ying‐Ying , Belli Federico , Brahms Christian , Wang Pu , Travers John C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA route to supercontinuum generation in gas‐filled hollow‐core anti‐resonant fibers is demonstrated through the creation of a broad vibrational Raman frequency comb followed by continuous broadening and merging of the comb lines through either rotational Raman scattering or the optical Kerr effect. The demonstration experiments, utilizing a single pump pulse with 20 ps duration at 532 nm in a nitrogen‐filled fiber, produce a supercontinuum spanning from 440 to 1200 nm, with an additional deep ultraviolet continuum from 250 to 360 nm. Numerical results suggest that this approach can produce even broader supercontinuum spectra extending from the ultraviolet to mid‐infrared.
Compact Chemical Identifier Based on Plasmonic Metasurface Integrated with Microbolometer Array
Authors: Meng Jiajun , Weston Luke , Balendhran Sivacarendran , Wen Dandan , Cadusch Jasper J. , Rajasekharan Unnithan Ranjith , Crozier Kenneth B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe identification of chemicals from their mid‐infrared spectra has applications that include industrial production of chemicals, food production, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and environmental monitoring. This is generally done using laboratory benchtop tools, such as the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. Although such systems offer high performance, alternative platforms offering reduced size, weight, and cost can enable a host of new applications, e.g. in consumer personal electronics. Here a compact microspectrometer platform for chemical identification, comprising a mid‐infrared metasurface integrated with a lightweight (≈1 g) and very small (≈1 cm3) microbolometer‐based thermal camera is experimentally demonstrated. A machine learning algorithm is trained to analyze the microspectrometer output and classify chemicals based on their mid‐infrared fingerprints. High accuracy identification of four liquid chemicals, concentration quantification of ethyl lactate in cyclohexane down to subpercentage levels, and the classification of food and drug samples is demonstrated.
100‐Layer Error‐Free 5D Optical Data Storage by Ultrafast Laser Nanostructuring in Glass
Authors: Wang Huijun , Lei Yuhao , Wang Lei , Sakakura Masaaki , Yu Yanhao , Shayeganrad Gholamreza , Kazansky Peter G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe demand for energy efficient data storage technologies with high capacity and long life span is increasingly growing due to the explosion of digital information in modern society. Here, a 5D optical data storage with high capacity and ultralong lifetime is realized by femtosecond‐laser‐induced anisotropic nanopore structures (type X modification) in silica glass. The ultrahigh transmission of this birefringent modification, >99% in the visible range, allows recording and retrieving thousands of layers of multibit digital data practically. Type X formation is associated with moderate free carrier density produced close to the energy threshold of avalanche ionization. Higher retardance with increased repetition rate at low pulse energy is attributed to accumulation of defects (nonbridging oxygen hole centers), enabling rapid imprinting of voxels by megahertz‐rate pulses. Data recording of 7 bits per voxel, i.e., 25 azimuth angles and 22 retardance levels is experimentally demonstrated with readout error as small as 0.6%. Furthermore, “The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy” by Douglas Adams is optically recorded with a data writing speed of 8 kB s−1 in 100 layers of voxels and the proven data readout accuracy of 100%.
Energy decay for evolution equations with delay feedbacks
Authors: Komornik Vilmos , Pignotti Cristina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe study abstract linear and nonlinear evolutionary systems with single or multiple delay feedbacks, illustrated by several concrete examples. In particular, we assume that the operator associated with the undelayed part of the system generates an exponentially stable semigroup and that the delay damping coefficients are locally integrable in time. A step by step procedure combined with Gronwall's inequality allows us to prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions. Furthermore, under appropriate conditions we obtain exponential decay estimates.
Blow‐up results for a semi‐linear structural damped wave model with nonlinear memory
Authors: Dao Tuan Anh , Fino Ahmad Z. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this article, we study the nonexistence of global solutions to a semi‐linear structurally damped wave equation with nonlinear memory in for any space dimension and for the initial arbitrarily data being subject to a positivity assumption. We intend to apply the method of test function to establish blow‐up results and to overcome some difficulties as well caused by the well‐known fractional Laplacian in structural damping terms.
Evidence of Temperature-Driven Shifts in Market Squid Doryteuthis opalescens Densities and Distribution in the California Current Ecosystem
Authors: Chasco Brandon E. , Hunsicker Mary E. , Jacobson Kym C. , Welch Owen T. , Morgan Cheryl A. , Muhling Barbara A. , Harding Jeff A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Climate change is impacting the abundance and distribution of marine resources. The consequences of these impacts are likely to alter trophic interactions between species within an ecosystem and affect fisheries opportunities for coastal communities. Market squid Doryteuthis opalescens comprise the largest fishery (by volume) in California, USA, and questions persist about whether the changing ocean conditions are leading to an increase in squid abundance in traditional fishing locations as well as marginal habitats in northern areas. To examine this potential phenomenon, we used fisheries-independent survey data collected by the National Marine Fisheries Service between 1998 and 2019 to develop a spatiotemporal model that estimates changes in the squid density from central California to northern Washington. We found a fivefold increase in the squid index of abundance across the entire spatial domain of the surveys during the sampling period, with the largest increases occurring in the Oregon and Washington strata. Although our model demonstrated that encounter rates and squid densities for the surveys increased in warmer and more saline waters, large shifts in squid distribution were only associated with deviations in ocean temperatures that could be characterized as marine heatwaves. This analysis adds to a growing body of work documenting the spatiotemporal response of marine resources to both long-term trends in warming ocean conditions and episodic events, such as marine heatwaves. Furthermore, it demonstrates the need for ecosystem assessment models with the ability to forecast changes in species distribution and abundance at spatiotemporal scales that are relevant for coastal fishing communities.
Development and Evaluation of Peptidomimetic Compounds against SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike Protein: An in silico and in vitro Study
Authors: Zarei Omid , Kleine‐Weber Hannah , Hoffmann Markus , Hamzeh‐Mivehroud Maryam 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) as global pandemic disease has been adversely affecting public health and social life with considerable loss of human life worldwide. Therefore, there is an urgent need for developing novel therapeutics to combat COVID‐19. The causative agent of COVID‐19 is SARS‐CoV‐2 which targets human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as cellular receptor via its spike (S) protein. In this context, interfering with the binding of SARS‐CoV‐2 S protein to target molecules could provide a promising strategy to find novel therapeutic agents against SARS‐CoV‐2. The purpose of the current study was to identify potential peptidomimetics against S protein with a combination of structure‐based virtual screening methods and in vitro assays. Methods: The candidates were inspected in terms of ADME properties, drug‐likeness, as well as toxicity profiles. Additionally, molecular docking and dynamics simulations were performed to predict binding of the studied ligands to spike protein. Results: Biological evaluation of the compounds revealed that PM2 molecule exhibits some antiviral activity. Conclusion: In summary, this study highlights the importance of combining in silico and in vitro techniques in order to identify antiviral compound to tackle COVID‐19 and presents a new scaffold that may be structurally optimized for improved antiviral activity.
New QSPRs for Liquid Heat Capacity
Authors: Bloxham Joseph , Hill Daniel , Giles Neil F. , Knotts Thomas Allan , Wilding W. Vincent 
Published: January 2022

AbstractQuantitative Structure‐Property Relationships (QSPRs) have found applications in many areas of chemistry and engineering as effective prediction methods. QSPRs use molecular descriptors to simplify complex molecular properties to a single value and have been used extensively for constant value properties. Liquid heat capacity (
) is another property where QSPRs can be helpful prediction tools. Researchers have shown strong correlation between the
and various molecular descriptors, but these predictions are limited to a single temperature, usually 298.15 K. Additionally, other QSPRs have had problems with oxygen‐containing functional groups. In this work, QSPRs for
at various temperatures were developed using data selected from the DIPPR database using a novel search method. This method improves on existing QSPRs for
by using unique descriptors but does not overcome the issue of oxygen‐containing species.
A High‐Fat High‐Fructose Diet Dysregulates the Homeostatic Crosstalk Between Gut Microbiome, Metabolome, and Immunity in an Experimental Model of Obesity
Authors: Li Kun‐Ping , Yuan Min , Wu Yong‐Lin , Pineda Miguel , Zhang Chu‐Mei , Chen Yan‐Fen , Chen Zhi‐quan , Rong Xiang‐Lu , Turnbull Jeremy E. , Guo Jiao 
Published: January 2022

ScopeAmple evidence supports the prominent role of gut‐liver axis in perpetuating pathological networks of high‐fat high‐fructose (HFF) diet induced metabolic disorders, however, the molecular mechanisms are still not fully understood. Herein, this study aims to present a holistic delineation and scientific explanation for the crosstalk between the gut and liver, including the potential mediators involved in orchestrating the metabolic and immune systems.Methods and ResultsAn experimental obesity‐associated metaflammation rat model is induced with a HFF diet. An integrative multi‐omics analysis is then performed. Following the clues illustrated by the multi‐omics discoveries, putative pathways are subsequently validated by RT‐qPCR and Western blotting.HFF diet leads to obese phenotypes in rats, as well as histopathological changes. Integrated omics analysis shows that there exists a strong interdependence among gut microbiota composition, intestinal metabolites, and innate immunity regulation in the liver. Some carboxylic acids may contribute to gut‐liver communication. Moreover, activation of the hepatic LPS‐TLR4 pathway in obesity is confirmed.ConclusionHFF‐intake disturbs gut flora homeostasis. Crosstalk between gut microbiota and innate immune system mediates hepatic metaflammation in obese rats, associated with LPS‐TLR4 signaling pathway activation. Moreover, α‐hydroxyisobutyric acid and some other organic acids may play a role as messengers in the liver‐gut axis.
Microfishing for Juvenile Bluegill: A Catch-and-Release Study on an Emerging Form of Recreational Angling
Authors: Burton Declan , Danylchuk Andy J. , Cooke Steven J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Microfishing is an emerging form of predominantly catch-and-release recreational angling with the main target being diverse small-bodied nongame fish species and the early life stages of traditional game fish. While there has been an apparent increase in interest in microfishing, little is known about its impacts on fish and fisheries. Here we compared the effects of two hook sizes (i.e., a size 22 hook and a somewhat larger, yet still smaller than normal, size 12 hook) on aspects of injury, handling, and mortality for juvenile Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus (size range of 69 to 141 mm; n = 54 for each hook size). Hook size was determined to have a significant influence upon injury and mortality. The smaller hooks resulted in longer handling time, more extensive tissue damage arising from challenges of hook removal, and higher levels of short-term mortality (n = 12, 22%) than the larger hooks (n = 2, 4%). Additional research is needed to develop best practices and management strategies for this emerging form of recreational angling on a wider range of species.
Manufacturing cost and reliability‐based shape optimization of plate structures
Authors: Morse Llewellyn , Mallardo Vincenzo , Aliabadi Ferri M. H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA novel methodology is presented for the manufacturing cost and reliability‐based optimization of plate structures with the boundary element method (BEM), with the aim of improving the accuracy, robustness, and efficiency of the optimization of aircraft structures. The BEM plate formulations with respect to plate thickness are derived for the first time, and used as part of an implicit differentiation method (IDM), enabling the full shape optimization of plate structures with the BEM. These implicit derivatives are validated against derivatives obtained from the finite difference method (FDM) and from an analytical solution. Results indicate that the IDM is more robust than the FDM and in excellent agreement with the analytical solution, and more accurate than the FDM for most of the step‐sizes investigated. To demonstrate the full shape optimization of plates with the newly developed IDM, a numerical example involving reliability‐based design optimization and manufacturing cost optimization is presented for a plate structure. Results show that the newly developed IDM is more efficient than the FDM when performing this optimization.
Length estimation of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) using vertebrae
Authors: Andrews Adam J. , Mylona Dimitra , Rivera‐Charún Lucia , Winter Rachel , Onar Vedat , Siddiq Abu B. , Tinti Fausto , Morales‐Muniz Arturo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAtlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus; BFT) is a large (up to 3.3 m in length) pelagic predator which has been exploited throughout the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean since prehistoric times, as attested by its archeological remains. One key insight derivable from these remains is body size, which can indicate past fishing abilities, the impact of fishing, and past migration behavior. Despite this, there exists no reliable method to estimate the size of BFT found in archeological sites. Here, 13 modern Thunnus spp. skeletons were studied to provide power regression equations that estimate body length from vertebra dimensions. In modern specimens, the majority of BFT vertebrae can be differentiated by their morphological features, and thus, individual regression equations can be applied for each rank (position in vertebral column). In an archeological context, poor preservation may limit one's ability to identify rank; hence, “types” of vertebrae were defined, which enable length estimates when rank cannot be determined. At least one vertebra dimension, height, width, or length correlated highly with body length when vertebrae were ranked (R2 > 0.97) or identified to types (R2 > 0.98). Whether using rank or type, length estimates appear accurate to approximately ±10%. Finally, the method was applied to a sample of Roman‐era BFT vertebrae to demonstrate its potential. It is acknowledged that further studies with larger sample sizes would provide more precision in BFT length estimates.
Neighborhood walkability and poverty predict excessive gestational weight gain: A cross‐sectional study in New York City
Authors: Kinsey Eliza W. , Widen Elizabeth M. , Quinn James W. , Huynh Mary , Van Wye Gretchen , Lovasi Gina S. , Neckerman Kathryn M. , Rundle Andrew G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluated associations between neighborhood‐level characteristics and gestational weight gain (GWG) in a population‐level study of 2015 New York City births.MethodsGeneralized linear mixed‐effects models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for associations between neighborhood‐level characteristics (poverty, food environment, walkability) within 1 km of a residential Census block centroid and excessive or inadequate GWG compared with recommended GWG. All models were adjusted for individual‐level sociodemographic characteristics.ResultsAmong the sample of 106,285 births, 41.8% had excessive GWG, and 26.3% had inadequate GWG. Residence in the highest versus lowest quartile of neighborhood poverty was associated with greater odds of excessive GWG (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.08‐1.26). Residence in neighborhoods in the quartile of highest walkability compared with the quartile of lowest walkability was associated with lower odds of excessive GWG (OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.81‐0.93). Adjustment for prepregnancy BMI attenuated the associations for neighborhood poverty, but not for walkability. Neighborhood variables were not associated with inadequate GWG.ConclusionsThese analyses indicate that greater neighborhood walkability is associated with lower odds of excessive GWG, potentially from differences in pedestrian activity during pregnancy. This research provides further evidence for using urban design to support healthy weight status during pregnancy.