bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protection effect of thymosin β4 on ethanol injury in corneal stromal keratocyte
Authors: Liu Jinghua , Guo Chen , Hao Peng , Wang Peihong , Li Linghan , Wang Yuchuan , Li Xuan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the protective effects of thymosin β4 (Tβ4) on ethanol injured human corneal keratocytes (HCKs).

Methods
HCKs and BALB/c mice were chosen as the study subject. Ethanol was used to treat the cells and corneal stroma of mice to build the ethanol injured model in vitro and vivo respectively. CCK-8 was used to evaluate the cell metabolic activity. DCFH-DA was used to detect the intracellular reactive oxygen species level. TUNEL was chose to detect the cell apoptosis rate. The cell proliferation and migration were investigated by using wound healing insert. Wound healing of corneal surface and stroma was observed by using fluorescein sodium eyedrop and HE stain. RT-qPCR, ELISA, and immunostaining were performed to detect gene and protein expression in keratocytes or corneal stroma tissue of mice.

Results
Ethanol induced oxidative stress injury and cell apoptosis on HCKs, and Tβ4 can alleviate it by up-regulating the expression of Bcl-2, catalase, and CuZnSOD, and inhibiting the expression of Caspase-3. Tβ4 promotes the proliferation of HCKs and the process of corneal wound healing. It may relevant to the up-regulated expression of Ki67.

Conclusions
Our study established an ethanol-injured corneal stroma model in both vitro and vivo. The present study confirmed that Tβ4 play a protective effect on the reconstruction process of ethanol-injured corneal stroma.
Corneal endothelial regeneration in human eyes using endothelium-free grafts
Authors: Ying Lu-Yi , Qiu Wen-Ya , Wang Bing-Hong , Zhou Ping , Zhang Bei , Yao Yu-Feng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
To report on corneal endothelial regeneration, graft clarity, and vision recovery when using endothelium-free grafts.

Methods
We evaluated the donor’s cell viability using trypan blue staining and dual staining with calcein acetoxy methyl ester and ethidium homodimer-1. To preserve eyeball integrity, we performed therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty using cryopreserved donor tissue without endothelium on 195 consecutive patients who suffered from corneal perforation due to progressive primary corneal disease such as herpes simplex keratitis, fungal keratitis, ocular thermal burns, keratoconus, and phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis. Of these, 18 eyes recovered corneal graft clarity and underwent periodic slit-lamp microscopy, A-scan pachymetry, and in vivo confocal microscopy to observe the clinical manifestations, variations in corneal thickness, and repopulation of the corneal endothelial cells on the donor grafts.

Results
No viable cells were detected in the cryopreserved corneas. After the therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty, notable corneal graft edema was observed in all 18 eyes for 1–4 months, and no corneal endothelial cells were detected on the grafts during this period. Thereafter, we observed gradual and progressive regression and final resolution of the stromal edema, with complete recovery of corneal graft clarity. Through periodic confocal microscopy, we observed the corneal endothelium’s regenerating process, along with single cells bearing multiple nuclei and cell division-like morphology. The regenerated endothelium on the grafts reached a mean cell density of 991 cells/mm2. Remarkable vision rehabilitation was achieved in all 18 patients.

Conclusions
We obtained conclusive evidence that host-derived endothelial cells can regenerate a new endothelium over the endothelium-free graft, which possesses normal functions for corneal clarity and vision recovery.
Grandi Byen—supporting child growth and development through integrated, responsive parenting, nutrition and hygiene: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kohl Patricia L. , Gyimah Emmanuel A. , Diaz Jenna , Kuhlmann F. Matthew , Dulience Sherlie Jean-Louis , Embaye Fithi , Brown Derek S. , Guo Shenyang , Luby Joan L. , Nicholas Jennifer L. , Turner Jay , Chapnick Melissa , Pierre Joseline Marhone , Boncy Jacques , St. Fleur Rony , Black Maureen M. , Iannotti Lora L. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Poor child growth and development outcomes stem from complex relationships encompassing biological, behavioral, social, and environmental conditions. However, there is a dearth of research on integrated approaches targeting these interwoven factors. The Grandi Byen study seeks to fill this research gap through a three-arm longitudinal randomized controlled trial which will evaluate the impact of an integrated nutrition, responsive parenting, and WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) intervention on holistic child growth and development.

Methods
We will recruit 600 mother-infant dyads living in Cap-Haitien, Haiti and randomize them equally into one of the following groups: 1) standard well-baby care; 2) nutritional intervention (one egg per day for 6 months); and 3) multicomponent Grandi Byen intervention (responsive parenting, nutrition, WASH + one egg per day for 6 months). Primary outcomes include child growth as well as cognitive, language, motor, and social-emotional development. The study also assesses other indicators of child health (bone maturation, brain growth, diarrheal morbidity and allergies, dietary intake, nutrient biomarkers) along with responsive parenting as mediating factors influencing the primary outcomes. An economic evaluation will assess the feasibility of large-scale implementation of the interventions.

Discussion
This study builds on research highlighting the importance of responsive parenting interventions on overall child health, as well as evidence demonstrating that providing an egg daily to infants during the complementary feeding period can prevent stunted growth. The multicomponent Grandi Byen intervention may provide evidence of synergistic or mediating effects of an egg intervention with instruction on psychoeducational parenting and WASH on child growth and development. Grandi Byen presents key innovations with implications for the well-being of children living in poverty globally.

Trial registration
NCT04785352. Registered March 5, 2021 at https://clinicaltrials.gov/
Novel FLT3/AURK multikinase inhibitor is efficacious against sorafenib-refractory and sorafenib-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lai You-Liang , Wang Kai-Hung , Hsieh Hsing-Pang , Yen Wan-Ching 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common type of cancer and has a high mortality rate worldwide. Sorafenib is the only systemic treatment demonstrating a statistically significant but modest overall survival benefit. We previously have identified the aurora kinases (AURKs) and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) multikinase inhibitor DBPR114 exhibiting broad spectrum anti-tumor effects in both leukemia and solid tumors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of DBPR114 in the treatment of advanced HCC.

Methods
Human HCC cell lines with histopathology/genetic background similar to human HCC tumors were used for in vitro and in vivo studies. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were used to evaluate the drug effect on endothelial tube formation. Western blotting, immunohistochemical staining, and mRNA sequencing were employed to investigate the mechanisms of drug action. Xenograft models of sorafenib-refractory and sorafenib-acquired resistant HCC were used to evaluate the tumor response to DBPR114.

Results
DBPR114 was active against HCC tumor cell proliferation independent of p53 alteration status and tumor grade in vitro. DBPR114-mediated growth inhibition in HCC cells was associated with apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, and polyploidy formation. Further analysis indicated that DBPR114 reduced the phosphorylation levels of AURKs and its substrate histone H3. Moreover, the levels of several active-state receptor tyrosine kinases were downregulated by DBPR114, verifying the mechanisms of DBPR114 action as a multikinase inhibitor in HCC cells. DBPR114 also exhibited anti-angiogenic effect, as demonstrated by inhibiting tumor formation in HUVEC cells. In vivo, DBPR114 induced statistically significant tumor growth inhibition compared with the vehicle control in multiple HCC tumor xenograft models. Histologic analysis revealed that the DBPR114 treatment reduced cell proliferation, and induced apoptotic cell death and multinucleated cell formation. Consistent with the histological findings, gene expression analysis revealed that DBPR114-modulated genes were mostly related to the G2/M checkpoint and mitotic spindle assembly. DBPR114 was efficacious against sorafenib-intrinsic and -acquired resistant HCC tumors. Notably, DBPR114 significantly delayed posttreatment tumor regrowth and prolonged survival compared with the regorafenib group.

Conclusion
Our results indicated that targeting AURK signaling could be a new effective molecular-targeted agent in the treatment of patients with HCC.
Structure and photocatalytic activity of maleic anhydride-functionalized TiO2 nanoparticles by a simple method
Authors: Del Castillo Pável César Hernández , Manuel Saúl Robles , Ruiz Facundo , González Vicente Rodríguez 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTitanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were functionalized with maleic anhydride (MA). The extension of adsorbed MA on the TiO2 was evaluated by ultrasonic and magnetic stirring. Total Organic Carbon and Thermogravimetric Analysis confirmed the presence of surface MA even after the washing process. The Fourier Transform Infrared and UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance spectra clearly showed the chemical anchored maleic anhydride on the TiO2 surface as bidentate bridging adsorption. The surface modification of TiO2 extended its light absorption range to the visible light region reducing its bandgap energy from 3.05 to 2.55 eV. X-Ray Diffraction patterns showed that the TiO2 functionalized presented a mixture of anatase and rutile phases without any crystalline phase transformation after MA chemisorption process. The functionalization percentage and the reaction efficiency for the TiO2 with 5 wt% MA sample were 3.6 and 69%, respectively, as shown by Differential Thermal Analysis and Thermogravimetric Analysis. The performance of pure and functionalized TiO2 samples were evaluated in the photocatalytic degradation of the Methyl Orange dye under ultraviolet light. TiO2 with 5 wt% MA produced a maximum degradation of 97% after 90 min, 3% higher than the commercial TiO2.
Genetic predisposition study of heart failure and its association with cardiomyopathy
Authors: Kaviarasan Vaishak , Mohammed Vajagathali , Veerabathiran Ramakrishnan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHeart failure (HF) is a clinical condition distinguished by structural and functional defects in the myocardium, which genetic and environmental factors can induce. HF is caused by various genetic factors that are both heterogeneous and complex. The incidence of HF varies depending on the definition and area, but it is calculated to be between 1 and 2% in developed countries. There are several factors associated with the progression of HF, ranging from coronary artery disease to hypertension, of which observed the most common genetic cause to be cardiomyopathy. The main objective of this study is to investigate heart failure and its association with cardiomyopathy with their genetic variants. The selected novel genes that have been linked to human inherited cardiomyopathy play a critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of HF. Research sources collected from the human gene mutation and several databases revealed that numerous genes are linked to cardiomyopathy and thus explained the hereditary influence of such a condition. Our findings support the understanding of the genetics aspect of HF and will provide more accurate evidence of the role of changing disease accuracy. Furthermore, a better knowledge of the molecular pathophysiology of genetically caused HF could contribute to the emergence of personalized therapeutics in future.
Mechanochemical Acetylene Hydrogenation on Fragments of Ni-based Alloys Containing Oxophilic Metal Elements
Authors: Takayama Tomoaki , Komatsu Takayuki 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Mechanochemical hydrogenation of acetylene on fragments of Ni-based alloys was investigated using planetary ball milling. Intermetallic compounds (IMCs) and solid solutions were employed as alloys. Among the alloys, NiAl and NiGa IMCs as well as Ni0.5Fe0.5 solid solution retained their crystal structures after the pulverization. The pulverization exposed fresh surfaces on which ethylene is adsorbed weakly compared to the monometallic Ni surface.
Vaccines to prevent COVID-19: A living systematic review with Trial Sequential Analysis and network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Korang Steven Kwasi , von Rohden Elena , Veroniki Areti Angeliki , Ong Giok , Ngalamika Owen , Siddiqui Faiza , Juul Sophie , Nielsen Emil Eik , Feinberg Joshua Buron , Petersen Johanne Juul , Legart Christian , Kokogho Afoke , Maagaard Mathias , Klingenberg Sarah , Thabane Lehana , Bardach Ariel , Ciapponi Agustín , Thomsen Allan Randrup , Jakobsen Janus C. , Gluud Christian 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundCOVID-19 is rapidly spreading causing extensive burdens across the world. Effective vaccines to prevent COVID-19 are urgently needed.Methods and findingsOur objective was to assess the effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccines through analyses of all currently available randomized clinical trials. We searched the databases CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, and other sources from inception to June 17, 2021 for randomized clinical trials assessing vaccines for COVID-19. At least two independent reviewers screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risks of bias. We conducted meta-analyses, network meta-analyses, and Trial Sequential Analyses (TSA). Our primary outcomes included all-cause mortality, vaccine efficacy, and serious adverse events. We assessed the certainty of evidence with GRADE. We identified 46 trials; 35 trials randomizing 219 864 participants could be included in our analyses. Our meta-analyses showed that mRNA vaccines (efficacy, 95% [95% confidence interval (CI), 92% to 97%]; 71 514 participants; 3 trials; moderate certainty); inactivated vaccines (efficacy, 61% [95% CI, 52% to 68%]; 48 029 participants; 3 trials; moderate certainty); protein subunit vaccines (efficacy, 77% [95% CI, −5% to 95%]; 17 737 participants; 2 trials; low certainty); and viral vector vaccines (efficacy 68% [95% CI, 61% to 74%]; 71 401 participants; 5 trials; low certainty) prevented COVID-19. Viral vector vaccines decreased mortality (risk ratio, 0.25 [95% CI 0.09 to 0.67]; 67 563 participants; 3 trials, low certainty), but comparable data on inactivated, mRNA, and protein subunit vaccines were imprecise. None of the vaccines showed evidence of a difference on serious adverse events, but observational evidence suggested rare serious adverse events. All the vaccines increased the risk of non-serious adverse events.ConclusionsThe evidence suggests that all the included vaccines are effective in preventing COVID-19. The mRNA vaccines seem most effective in preventing COVID-19, but viral vector vaccines seem most effective in reducing mortality. Further trials and longer follow-up are necessary to provide better insight into the safety profile of these vaccines.
Environmental drivers of dynamic soil erosion change in a Mediterranean fluvial landscape
Authors: Diodato Nazzareno , Fiorillo Francesco , Rinaldi Massimo , Bellocchi Gianni 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundRainfall and other climatic agents are the main triggers of soil erosion in the Mediterranean region, where they have the potential to increase discharge and sediment transport and cause long-term changes in the river system. For the Magra River Basin (MRB), located in the upper Tyrrhenian coast of Italy, we estimated changes in net erosion as a function of the geographical characteristics of the basin, the seasonal distribution of precipitation, and the vegetation cover.Methods and findingsBased on rainfall erosivity and surface flow and transport sub-models, we developed a simplified model to assess basin-wide sediment yields on a monthly basis by upscaling the point rainfall input. Our calibration dataset of monthly data (Mg km-2month-1, available for the years 1961 and 1963–1969) revealed that our model satisfactorily reproduces the net soil erosion in the study area (R2= 0.81). For the period 1950–2020, the reconstruction of an annually aggregated time-series of monthly net erosion data (297 Mg km-2yr-1on average) indicated a moderate decline in sediment yield after 1999. This is part of a long-term downward trend, which highlights the role played by land-use changes and reforestation of the mountainous areas of the basin.ConclusionThis study shows the environmental history and dynamics of the basin, and thus the varying sensitivity of hydrological processes and their perturbations. Relying on a few climatic variables as reported from a single representative basin location, it provides an interpretation of empirically determined factors that shape active erosional landscapes. In particular, we showed that the most recent extreme storms associated with sediment yield have been characterised by lower cumulative rainfall, indicating a greater propensity for the basin to produce sediment more discontinuously over time.
Stress, non-restorative sleep, and physical inactivity as risk factors for chronic pain in young adults: A cohort study
Authors: Lindell Maja , Grimby-Ekman Anna 
Published: January 2022

Background
Chronic pain is a common condition which causes patients much suffering and is very costly to society. Factors known to be associated with chronic pain include female gender, acute pain, depression, and anxiety. This study investigated whether stress, sleep disturbance, and physical inactivity were risk factors for developing chronic pain among young adults, and whether there were any interactions between these.

Methods
This retrospective longitudinal study was based on an existing database from a cohort study on IT use and health, called Health 24 Years. A questionnaire was sent to students aged 19–24 in Sweden for five consecutive years, containing questions on pain, stress, sleep, physical activity, technology use, health, and more. In logistic regressions, stress, sleep, and physical activity at baseline were potential predictors of chronic pain one and four years later. In addition, a new variable including all possible interactions between potential predictors was created to test for effect modification between risk factors.

Results
At the one-year follow-up, stress, non-restorative sleep, and physical inactivity showed odds ratios of 1.6 (95% CI: 1.0–2.4), 1.5 (95% CI: 1.0–2.3), and 1.8 (95% CI: 1.1–3.0) respectively after adjusting for confounders, the reference being non-stressed, having restorative sleep and being active. At the four-year follow-up, stress showed an adjusted odds ratio of 1.9 (95% CI: 1.3–2.9), while non-restorative sleep and physical inactivity were statistically insignificant. At the one-year follow-up, the interaction between risk factors were significant. The most clear example of this effect modification was to be inactive and not have -restorative sleep, compared to individuals who were active and had restorative sleep, showing an adjusted odds ratio of 6.9 (95% CI: 2.5–19.2) for developing chronic pain one year after baseline. This in comparison of odds ratios for only inactive respectively only non-restorative sleep being 1.7 (95% CI: 0.6–5.3) respectively 1.6 (95% CI: 0.7–3.5).

Conclusions
Stress, non-restorative sleep, and physical inactivity were risk factors for developing chronic pain one year after baseline, and stress were also a risk factor four years after baseline. These findings suggest that non-restorative sleep and inactivity are risk factors in the short term while stress is a risk factor in both the short and the long term. In addition to the independent effects of non-restorative sleep and inactivity, their combination seems to further increase the odds of chronic pain.
Determinants of life expectancy in most polluted countries: Exploring the effect of environmental degradation
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Mafizur , Rana Rezwanul , Khanam Rasheda 
Published: January 2022

Background
Better understanding of the determinants of national life expectancy is crucial for economic development, as a healthy nation is a prerequisite for a wealthy nation. Many socioeconomic, nutritional, lifestyle, genetic and environmental factors can influence a nation’s health and longevity. Environmental degradation is one of the critical determinants of life expectancy, which is still under-researched, as the literature suggests.

Objectives
This study aims to investigate the determinants of life expectancy in 31 world’s most polluted countries with particular attention on environmental degradation using the World Bank annual data and British Petroleum data over the period of 18 years (2000–2017).

Methods
The empirical investigation is based on the model of Preston Curve, where panel corrected standard errors (PCSE) and feasible general least square (FGLS) estimates are employed to explore the long-run effects. Pairwise Granger causality test is also used to have short-run causality among the variables of interest, taking into account the cross-sectional dependence test and other essential diagnostic tests.

Results
The results confirm the existence of the Preston Curve, implying the positive effect of economic growth on life expectancy. Environmental degradation is found as a threat while health expenditure, clean water and improved sanitation affect the life expectancy positively in the sample countries. The causality test results reveal one-way causality from carbon emissions to life expectancy and bidirectional causalities between drinking water and life expectancy and sanitation and life expectancy.

Conclusion
Our results reveal that environmental degradation is a threat to having improved life expectancy in our sample countries. Based on the results of this study, we recommend that: (1) policy marker of these countries should adopt policies that will reduce carbon emissions and thus will improve public health and productivity; (2) environment-friendly technologies and resources, such as renewable energy, should be used in the production process; (3) healthcare expenditure on a national budget should be increased; and (4) clean drinking water and basic sanitation facilities must be ensured for all people.
Faktor Penentu Pilihan Karir Mahasiswa Pendidikan Akuntansi (Tinjauan Social Cognitive Career Theory)
Authors: Nagari Primasa Minerva , Susilowati Nurdian , Taprihanto Taprihanto , Risyadayana Silki , Lestari Puji 
Published: January 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh bukti empiris dan menganalisis pengaruh minat mahasiswa, prestasi belajar, dan eksposur karir mahasiswa Pendidikan akuntansi terhadap pilihan karir untuk menjadi guru. Desain penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Dengan jumlah populasi mahasiswa S1 Pendidikan Akuntansi Angkatan 2018 dan 2019 adalah 234 mahasiswa. Pemilihan sampel dengan menggunakan metode slovin dengan tingkat kesalahan 5% maka diperoleh sampel 148 mahasiswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner/angket. Sebanyak 148 kuesioner dikumpulkan untuk analisis data menggunakan sistem analisis statistik dengan persamaan regresi. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan Statistic Program of Social Science (SPSS) for Windows. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah ada pengaruh yang signifikan minat mahasiswa, prestasi belajar, dan eksposur karir terhadap pilihan karir menjadi guru. Keterbatasan dari penelitian ini adalah penelitian hanya terbatas pada mahasiswa Pendidikan Akuntansi Universitas Negeri Semarang Angkatan 2018 dan 2019 saja yang diteliti mengenai pilihan karir menjadi guru.