bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bell's palsy misdiagnosis: Characteristics of occult tumors causing facial paralysis
Authors: Chung Eun-Jae , Matic Damir , Fung Kevin , MacNeil S. Danielle , Nichols Anthony C. , Kiwan Ruba , Tay KengYeow , Yoo John 
Published: October 2022

Objective The aim of this study was to report the incidence and clinical course of a series of patients who were misdiagnosed with Bell's palsy and were eventually proven to have occult neoplasms. Methods Two hundred forty patients with unilateral facial paralysis who were assessed at the facial nerve reanimation clinic, Victoria Hospital, London Health Science Centre, from 2008 through 2017 were reviewed. Persistent paralysis without recovery was the presenting complaint. Results Nine patients (3.8%) who were proven to have occult neoplasms initially presented with a diagnosis of Bell's palsy. The mean diagnostic delay was 43.5 months. Four patients were proven to have skin cancers, 3 patients had parotid cancers, and 2 patients had facial nerve schwannomas as a final diagnosis. Initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in all 9 patients and 8 underwent a follow-up MRI. An occult tumor was identified upon review of the original MRI in one patient and at follow-up MRI in 8 patients. The mean time interval between the initial and follow-up imaging was 30.8 months. The disease status at most recent follow-up were no evidence of disease in 2 patients (22%) and alive with disease in 7 patients (78%). An irreversible, progressive pattern of facial paralysis combined with pain, multiple cranial neuropathies or history of skin cancer were predictable risk factors for occult tumors. Seven out of the 9 patients (77.8%) underwent at least one type of facial reanimation surgery, and the final subjective results by the surgeon were available for 5 patients. Three out of the 5 (60%) patients who were available for final subjective analysis were reported as Grade III according to the modified House-Brackmann scale. Conclusion Occult facial nerve neoplasm should be suspected in patients with progressive and irreversible facial paralysis but the diagnosis may only become evident with follow-up imaging. Facial reanimation surgery is a satisfactory option for these patients. Graphical Abstract
Mental health outcomes and workplace quality of life among South African pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Dhindayal Sherishka , Letsoalo Marothi P. , Gengiah Tanuja N. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of healthcare workers is gaining attention globally. This study assessed the quality-of-working life (QoWL) and prevalence of, and risk factors for anxiety, depression and stress among South African pharmacists.

Methods
An online survey, after stratification by province, was sent to 3435 (target = 2454) randomly selected pharmacists between 14 April to 18 May 2021. Sociodemographic data were collected and mental health was assessed using the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale and a modified Work-Related Quality-of-Life tool. Prevalence of anxiety, depression, stress and QoWL was estimated. A multivariate logistic regression analysis identified factors associated with mental health outcomes.

Results
A total of 953/2454 pharmacists (38.8%) responded. Of these, 56.5% were 40 years or younger, 78.5% were female, 45.4% were White race and 44.5% were practicing in a community pharmacy setting. Pharmacists demonstrated symptoms of anxiety (n = 605, 66.1%), depression (n = 561, 62.9%), stress (n = 642, 73.8%) and low QoWL (n = 409, 51.3%). Significant risk factors (aOR; 95%CI) for anxiety, depression and stress were female gender (1.96;1.36–2.83,1.84;1.27–2.67,1.58;1.05–2.38, history of mental health conditions (2.50; 1.52–4.13, 3.68; 2.19–6.19, 3.34;1.85–6.03) and significant COVID-19 mitigation changes to pharmacy practice (2.70; 1.36–5.38, 4.23; 2.06–8.70, 3.14;1.44–6.82), respectively. Practice changes were also associated with a low QoWL (5.19; 2.40–11.8). Compared to their Black/African colleagues, Indian pharmacists were at higher risk for anxiety (1.82; 1.03–3.23) and stress symptoms (2.28; 1.21–4.32), while risk for depression was significant amongst White pharmacists (1.86; 1.05–3.32). Pharmacists living apart from family were at significant risk for anxiety (1.66; 1.15–2.41), depression (1.52; 1.06–2.18) and low QoWL (1.60; 1.10–2.34).

Conclusions
COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant negative impact on the mental health of South African pharmacists. Interventions to support the psychological well-being and improve QoWL of pharmacists are needed.
Thermospheric wind response to a sudden ionospheric variation in the trough: event at a pseudo-breakup during geomagnetically quiet conditions
Authors: Oyama Shin-ichiro , Vanhamäki Heikki , Cai Lei , Aikio Anita , Rietveld Michael , Ogawa Yasunobu , Raita Tero , Kellinsalmi Mirjam , Kauristie Kirsti , Kozelov Boris , Shinbori Atsuki , Shiokawa Kazuo , Tsuda Takuo T. , Sakanoi Takeshi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe thermospheric wind response to a sudden westward turning of the ion velocity at a high latitude was studied by analyzing data obtained with a Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI; 630 nm), Dynasonde, and Swarm A & C satellites during a conjunction event. The event occurred during a geomagnetically quiet period (Kp = 0 +) through the night, but some auroral activity occurred in the north. The collocated FPI and Dynasonde measured the thermospheric wind (U) and ionospheric plasma velocity (V), respectively, in the F region at the equatorward trough edge. A notable scientific message from this study is the possible role of thermospheric wind in the energy dissipation process at F-region altitude. The FPI thermospheric wind did not instantly follow a sudden V change due to thermospheric inertia in the F region. At a pseudo-breakup during the event, V suddenly changed direction from eastward to westward within 10 min. U was concurrently accelerated westward, but its development was more gradual than that of V, with U remaining eastward for a while after the pseudo-breakup. The delay of U is attributed to the thermospheric inertia. During this transition interval, U∙V was negative, which would result in more efficient generation of frictional heating than the positive U∙V case. The sign of U∙V, which is related to the relative directions of the neutral wind and plasma drift, is important because of its direct impact on ion-neutral energy exchange during collisions. This becomes especially important during substorm events, where rapid plasma velocity changes are common. The sign of U∙V may be used as an indicator to find the times and locations where thermospheric inertia plays a role in the energy dissipation process.
Graphical Abstract
The combined value of mpUS and mpMRI-TRUS fusion for the diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer
Authors: Zhang Xin , Hong Hua , Liang Danyan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the combined efficacy of multiparametric ultrasonography (mpUS) and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging/transrectal ultrasound (mpMRI-TRUS) fusion for detecting clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa).

Methods
From November 2019 to September 2021, biopsy-naïve patients underwent mpMRI-TRUS fusion imaging combined with mpUS-guided targeted biopsies (TB) and systematic biopsies (SB). To further evaluate the additional diagnostic value of mpUS, the imaging features of 202 focus obtained from fusion imaging were assessed. The diagnostic accuracies of mpMRI-TRUS fusion imaging and the combination of mpMRI-TRUS fusion imaging with mpUS for csPCa were comparatively evaluated.

Results
A total of 202 prostate lesions (160 patients) were included in the final analysis, of which 105 were csPCa, 16 were ciPCa, and 81 were noncancerous. The median patient age was 69 (65–73) years and the median tPSA was 22.07 (11.22–62.80) ng/mL. For csPCa, the detection rate of TB was higher than that of SB (50.0% vs. 45.5%, p < 0.05). The imaging characteristics of mpUS in the PCa and non-PCa groups were significantly different (p < 0.001). When compared with mpMRI-TRUS fusion imaging, the positive predictive value, false positive rate, and area under the curve (AUC) of csPCa diagnosis by mpMRI-TRUS fusion imaging combined with mpUS increased by 11.30%, decreased by 19.58%, and increased from 0.719 to 0.770 (p < 0.05), respectively.

Conclusion
TB can improve the detection rate of csPCa and hence can be effectively used in the diagnosis and risk assessment of csPCa. The mpUS-enriched valuable diagnostic information for mpMRI-TRUS fusion imaging and their combination showed a higher diagnostic value for csPCa, which can guide subsequent clinical treatment.
Humanitarian aid NGOs’ accountability towards large donors: the case of the European Union’s DG ECHO
Authors: van Voorst Stijn , Resodihardjo Sandra L. , Schneiker Andrea 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDirectorate-general ECHO of the European Commission is one of the largest humanitarian aid donors globally. Projects which it funds are often implemented by its NGO partners. This article studies how ECHO’s system for assessing such projects’ final results works and to what extent it provides useful information to the donor. Theoretically, it seems likely that evaluative data produced in this context is of little value, given the financial interests of the NGOs which submit the information, methodological issues related to collecting it, and the donor’s limited capacity to process it. However, based on in-depth interviews and document analysis, we conclude that ECHO usually has sufficient human resources to analyse reports which NGOs submit to it. These documents are also informative about projects’ direct effects, but they seem less capable of assessing long-term impacts. Furthermore, such reports seem less important to ECHO than the field visits which it conducts. These findings imply that consistent monitoring of humanitarian aid projects on the ground helps to mitigate the main weakness of a system of self-evaluation by NGOs.
A novel chromatin regulator-related immune checkpoint related gene prognostic signature and potential candidate drugs for endometrial cancer patients
Authors: Liu Zesi , Yang Hongxia , Chen Ziyu , Jing Chunli 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecologic malignancy in developed countries and its prevalence is increasing. As an emerging therapy with a promising efficacy, immunotherapy has been extensively applied in the treatment of solid tumors. In addition, chromatin regulators (CRs), as essential upstream regulators of epigenetics, play a significant role in tumorigenesis and cancer development.

Methods
CRs and immune checkpoint-related genes (ICRGs) were obtained from the previous top research. The Genome Cancer Atlas (TCGA) was utilized to acquire the mRNA expression and clinical information of patients with EC. Correlation analysis was utilized for screen CRs-related ICRGs (CRRICRGs). By Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis, prognosis related CRRICRGs were screened out and risk model was constructed. The Kaplan–Meier curve was used to estimate the prognosis between high- and low-risk group. By comparing the IC50 value, the drugs sensitivity difference was explored. We obtained small molecule drugs for the treatment of UCEC patients based on CAMP dataset.

Results
We successfully constructed a 9 CRRICRs-based prognostic signature for patients with UCEC and found the riskscore was an independent prognostic factor. The results of functional analysis suggested that CRRICRGs may be involved in immune processes associated with cancer. Immune characteristics analysis provided further evidence that the CRRICRGs-based model was correlated with immune cells infiltration and immune checkpoint. Eight small molecule drugs that may be effective for the treatment of UCEC patients were screened. Effective drugs identified by drug sensitivity profiling in high- and low-risk groups.

Conclusion
In summary, our study provided novel insights into the function of CRRICRGs in UCEC. We also developed a reliable prognostic panel for the survival of patients with UCEC.
Predictors and clinical outcomes of post-coronary artery bypass grafting cerebrovascular strokes
Authors: Laimoud Mohamed , Maghirang Mary , Alanazi Mosleh , Al-Mutlaq Shatha M. , Althibait Suha A. , Alanazi Boshra , Alomran Munirah , Al Halees Zohair 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite the improved medical and surgical managements, still there is a significant risk of developing acute cerebrovascular strokes after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Our objectives were to study the immediate and long-term outcomes after CABG and to identify the possible predictors of post-CABG strokes.

Results
Between January 2016 and August 2020, 410 adult patients, mostly males (82.2%), were retrospectively enrolled after CABG. Acute postoperative strokes occurred in 31 (7.5%) patients; of them, 30 (96.8%) patients had ischemic stroke, while 1 (3.2%) had hemorrhagic stroke. Mechanical thrombectomy was done in two cases. The patients who developed acute cerebral stroke had significantly higher admission (p = 0.02) and follow-up (p < 0.001) SOFA scores, higher arterial blood lactate level (p < 0.001), longer hospitalization (p < 0.001) and more hospital mortality (p < 0.001) compared with the patients who did not develop stroke. Kaplan–Meier curves for 5-year mortality showed increased risk in those patients with postoperative stroke (HR: 23.03; 95% CI: 6.10–86.92, p < 0.001). After multivariate regression, the predictors of early postoperative stroke were carotid artery stenosis (CAS), postoperative atrial fibrillation, cardiopulmonary bypass time, prior cerebral stroke, admission SOFA score and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The predictors of late cerebrovascular stroke were CAS, combined CABG and valve surgery, CKD, atrial fibrillation, prior stroke and HbA1c.

Conclusions
The development of post-CABG acute cerebrovascular stroke is associated with longer hospitalization, multiple morbidities and increased mortality. Careful assessment and management of risk factors especially atrial fibrillation and carotid artery stenosis should be implemented to decrease this substantial complication after CABG.
A practical guideline for performing a comprehensive transthoracic echocardiogram in the congenital heart disease patient: consensus recommendations from the British Society of Echocardiography
Authors: Corbett Liam , Forster Jan , Gamlin Wendy , Duarte Nuno , Burgess Owen , Harkness Allan , Li Wei , Simpson John , Bedair Radwa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTransthoracic echocardiography is an essential tool in the diagnosis, assessment, and management of paediatric and adult populations with suspected or confirmed congenital heart disease. Congenital echocardiography is highly operator-dependent, requiring advanced technical acquisition and interpretative skill levels. This document is designed to complement previous congenital echocardiography literature by providing detailed practical echocardiography imaging guidance on sequential segmental analysis, and is intended for implementation predominantly, but not exclusively, within adult congenital heart disease settings. It encompasses the recommended dataset to be performed and is structured in the preferred order for a complete anatomical and functional sequential segmental congenital echocardiogram. It is recommended that this level of study be performed at least once on all patients being assessed by a specialist congenital cardiology service. This document will be supplemented by a series of practical pathology specific congenital echocardiography guidelines. Collectively, these will provide structure and standardisation to image acquisition and reporting, to ensure that all important information is collected and interpreted appropriately.
Stem cell-based models of early mammalian development
Authors: Terhune Aidan H. , Bok Jeyoon , Sun Shiyu , Fu Jianping 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
The complex process by which a single-celled zygote develops into a viable embryo is nothing short of a miraculous wonder of the natural world. Elucidating how this process is orchestrated in humans has long eluded the grasp of scientists due to ethical and practical limitations. Thankfully, pluripotent stem cells that resemble early developmental cell types possess the ability to mimic specific embryonic events. As such, murine and human stem cells have been leveraged by scientists to create in vitro models that aim to recapitulate different stages of early mammalian development. Here, we examine the wide variety of stem cell-based embryo models that have been developed to recapitulate and study embryonic events, from pre-implantation development through to early organogenesis. We discuss the applications of these models, key considerations regarding their importance within the field, and how such models are expected to grow and evolve to achieve exciting new milestones in the future.
Validation of Empirical Formulas for Spallation Residue Production in 0.3A-1.5A GeV 56Fe+p Reactions
Authors: Nicolis Nikolaos George , Katsigianni Theodora-Ilektra , Korakas Kostantinos , Miliadou Athanasia , Tasioudis Diamantis 
Published: October 2022

The production of spallation residues in 56Fe+p bombardments is described with empirical parametric formulas often used in cosmic-ray astrophysics, activation studies and isotope production for medical applications. Experimental observables including mass, charge and isotopic distributions are compared with calculations using two versions of the formulas of Rudstam and Silberberg-Tsao and the SPACS formula. For reference, a comparison is made with the predictions of a two-stage reaction model. Deviation factors obtained in these approaches are reported.
Study of the 176Hf(n,2n)175Hf cross section at 18.9 MeV
Authors: Tsivouraki Eleni , Chasapoglou Sotirios , Serris Michalis , Axiotis Michael , Gkatis Georgios , Harissopulos Sotirios , Kokkoris Michael , Lagoyannis Anastasios , Patas Stavros , Vlastou Rosa 
Published: October 2022

Neutron nuclear reactions can provide significant information in the field of nuclear physics and applications. Hafnium (Hf) is one of the rare-earth isotopes with a relative large neutron total cross-section in the thermal neutron energy region and neutron induced reactions in reactor materials could lead to the production of long-lived isomeric states of Hf isotopes. Thus, the knowledge of neutron cross-sections on Hf isotopes is of great importance for basic research in Nuclear Physics as well as for applications concerning the interaction of neutrons with matter. In this study measurements of experimental cross section for the 176Hf(n,2n)175Hf and 180Hf(n,n΄γ)180mHf reactions were carried out, using the activation technique. The neutron beam energy at 18.9 MeV was produced via the 3H(d,n)4He reaction at the 5.5 MeV Tandem Van de Graaf accelerator laboratory of NCSR “Demokritos”. A thin metallic foil of natural Hf was used, while for the determination of the neutron flux at the target position a reference foil of Al was placed at the back of the Hf target. The irradiation was continuous for 28 hours leading to a total neutron fluence of 1010 n/cm2 and a BF3 detector was used for monitoring the neutron flux during the irradiation. After the end of irradiation, the activity of the Hf target and the Al foil were measured off-line by two HPGe detectors. Both detector efficiencies were obtained using a calibrated 152Eu source, placed in the same distance as the target and the reference foil. The 176Hf(n,2n)175Hf reaction has been corrected from the contribution of 177Hf(n,3n)175Hf and the 174Hf(n,γ)175Hf reactions and the 180Hf(n,n΄γ)180mHf reaction from the 179Hf(n,γ)180mHf. Theoretical calculations of the 174Hf(n,2n)175Hf, 176Hf(n,2n)175Hf and 180Hf(n,n΄γ)180mHf reaction cross-sections have also been performed using the nuclear statistical code “EMPIRE 3.2.3” and they have been compared with the data.
Activation Cross Section Measurement of the (n,2n) Reaction on 203Tl
Authors: Patas Stavros 
Published: October 2022

The aim of the present work was to study the cross-section of the (n,2n) reaction on 203Tl, by irradiating a natural TlCl pellet target with monoenergetic neutron beam at 18.9 MeV. The cross section of the 203Tl(n,2n)202Tl reaction, was measured implementing the activation method, with respect to the 197Au(n,2n)196Au and 27Al(n,α)24Na reference reactions. The monoenergetic neutron beam was produced in the 5.5 MV Tandem accelerator of NCSR Demokritos, using the 3H(d,n)4He reaction. After the irradiation, the induced activity of the samples was measured with a HPGe detector, which was properly shielded with lead blocks to reduce the contribution of natural radioactivity. Monte Carlo simulations implementing the MCNP code have been performed to take into account the gamma-ray self-absorption results as well as the estimation of the neutron flux through the reference foils. Finally, a comparison of theoretical calculations with the code EMPIRE and experimental data was carried out, with the aim of finding a suitable model for the description of the reaction cross section under study.
Conceptualizing university students’ food choices based on theory of planned behavior
Authors: Vishwakarma Kshama , Chandra Sekaran Varalakshmi , Patwardhan Vidya , Kamath Asha 
Published: October 2022

Background: Several students use hostel facilities offered by their colleges and universities while pursuing higher education. A crucial change is witnessed in their food habits during their stay at the campus, which is vastly different from their home experience. Method: The study employs the theory of planned behavior to conceptualize and understand food choices of university students, while following the qualitative research methodology and the phenomenological approach. The snowball sampling method is applied to select participants for the study. We selected twenty-six undergraduate and postgraduate students pursuing programs in technical and health science from a private university at Udupi with residence in the university campus for two to four years. Interviews with candidates were conducted online and audio-recorded with participants’ consent. Results: The transcribed interviews were coded and categorized to obtain themes, which were then conceptualized to develop the model based on theory of planned behavior. The duration of their stay in campus allowed students to gain a perspective on the food events and the food they consumed at university dining facility (UDF) guided by factors, such as taste, price, availability of time(during academic activity), accessibility to healthy food, academic stress and lack of knowledge on nutrition. Two factors emerged from the interviews, one, there was no display in the dining facility about the nutritional value of the food served; and, second, students preferred to dine out on unhealthy food rather than at the university because food from outside the campus , even though unhealthy, was easier on the pocket. Conclusion: The study provides insights into the role of UDF in serving healthy and nutritional food to students for better health and improved academic performance. This work brings to light the relationship between students’ food choices and their impact on academic performance.