bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Efficient Cellular Acoustic Absorber of Graphene Ultrathin Drums
Authors: Pang Kai , Liu Xiaoting , Pang Jintao , Samy Akram , Xie Jin , Liu Yingjun , Peng Li , Xu Zhen , Gao Chao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAtomically thin 2D graphene sheets exhibit unparalleled in‐plane stiffness and large out‐of‐plane elasticity, thereby providing strong mechanical resonance for nanomechanical devices. The exceptional resonance behavior of ultrathin graphene, which promises the fabrication of superior acoustic absorption materials, however, remains unfulfilled for the lack of applicable form and assembly methods. Here, a highly efficient acoustic absorber is presented, wherein cellular networks of ultrathin graphene membranes are constructed into polymer foams. The ultrathin graphene drums exhibit strong resonances and efficiently dissipate sound waves in a broad frequency range. A record specific noise reduction coefficient (51.3 at 30 mm) is achieved in the graphene‐based acoustic absorber, fully realizing the superior resonance properties of graphene sheets. The scalable method facilely transforms commercial polymer foams to superior acoustic absorbers with a ≈320% enhancement in average absorption coefficient across wide frequencies from 200 to 6000 Hz. The graphene acoustic absorber offers a convenient method to exploit the extraordinary resonance properties of 2D sheets, opening extensive new applications in noise protection, building design, instruments and acoustic devices.
Ultra‐High Electrical Conductivity in Filler‐Free Polymeric Hydrogels Toward Thermoelectrics and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Wang Jing , Li Qing , Li Kuncai , Sun Xu , Wang Yizhuo , Zhuang Tiantian , Yan Junjie , Wang Hong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractConducting hydrogels have attracted much attention for the emerging field of hydrogel bioelectronics, especially poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) based hydrogels, because of their great biocompatibility and stability. However, the electrical conductivities of hydrogels are often lower than 1 S cm−1 which are not suitable for digital circuits or applications in bioelectronics. Introducing conductive inorganic fillers into the hydrogels can improve their electrical conductivities. However, it may lead to compromises in compliance, biocompatibility, deformability, biodegradability, etc. Herein, a series of highly conductive ionic liquid (IL) doped PEDOT:PSS hydrogels without any conductive fillers is reported. These hydrogels exhibit high conductivities up to ≈305 S cm−1, which is ≈8 times higher than the record of polymeric hydrogels without conductive fillers in literature. The high electrical conductivity results in enhanced areal thermoelectric output power for hydrogel‐based thermoelectric devices, and high specific electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding efficiency which is about an order in magnitude higher than that of state‐of‐the‐art conductive hydrogels in literature. Furthermore, these stretchable (strain >30%) hydrogels exhibit fast self‐healing, and shape/size‐tunable properties, which are desirable for hydrogel bioelectronics and wearable organic devices. The results indicate that these highly conductive hydrogels are promising in applications such as sensing, thermoelectrics, EMI shielding, etc.
Copper‐Catalyzed Decarbonylative Cyclization of Isatins and Trifluoroacetimidohydrazides for the Synthesis of 2‐(5‐Trifluoromethyl‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐yl)anilines
Authors: Zhang Yu , Yang Zuguang , Chen Zhengkai , Liu Leifang , Wu Xiao‐Feng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA copper‐catalyzed intramolecular decarbonylative cyclization reaction of isatins and trifluoroacetimidohydrazides for the synthesis of 2‐(5‐trifluoromethyl‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐yl)aniline derivatives has been developed. This transformation proceeds through a cascade condensation, hydrolysis, decarboxylation, and intramolecular C−N bond formation sequence. The obtained 1,2,4‐triazole products bearing a free amino group can be readily converted into other useful compounds.magnified image
Dynamic Adjust of Non‐Radiative and Radiative Attenuation of AIE Molecules Reinforces NIR‐II Imaging Mediated Photothermal Therapy and Immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Zhenjie , Yu Ling , Wang Yuehua , Wang Chenlu , Mu Qingchun , Liu Xiaojing , Yu Meng , Wang Kang‐Nan , Yao Guangyu , Yu Zhiqiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDue to the aggregation‐caused quenching effect and near‐infrared I poor penetration capabilities of common fluorescent molecules, their applications in visualized imaging and photoactivated treatment are limited. Therefore, new near‐infrared II (NIR‐II) molecule (named TST), which had the abilities of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) and photothermal therapy are synthesized. Moreover, in order to further improve its fluorescent yield and therapeutic effect, camptothecin prodrug (CPT‐S‐PEG) and novel immune checkpoint inhibitor AZD4635 are used to co‐assemble with TST into nanoparticles for drug delivery. On account of the strong interaction of camptothecin and TST, the intramolecular rotation of TST is limited, thereby inhibiting non‐radiation attenuation and promoting fluorescence generation when the nanoparticles are intact. As nanoparticles uptake by cancer cells, redox sensitive CPT‐S‐PEG is degraded and the nanoparticles disintegrate. The released TST enhances non‐radiative attenuation and expedites photothermal conversion because of the removal of the constraint of camptothecin. Furthermore, photothermal therapy induces immunogenic cell death of cancer cells and releases abundant ATP into the tumor microenvironment to recruit immune cells. However, superfluous ATP is converted into immunosuppressive adenosine through the CD39‐CD73‐A2AR pathway. The AZD4635 released by photothermal disintegration of the nanoparticles just blocks this pathway timely, achieving favorable synergistic effect of photothermal therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.
Low‐Crystalline AuCuIn Catalyst for Gaseous CO2 Electrolyzer
Authors: Han Gyeong Ho , Kim Junhyeong , Jang Seohyeon , Kim Hyunki , Guo Wenwu , Hong Seokjin , Shin Junhyeop , Nam Inho , Jang Ho Won , Kim Soo Young , Ahn Sang Hyun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDespite its importance for the establishment of a carbon‐neutral society, the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to value‐added products has not been commercialized yet because of its sluggish kinetics and low selectivity. The present work reports the fabrication of a low‐crystalline trimetallic (AuCuIn) CO2 electroreduction catalyst and demonstrates its high performance in a gaseous CO2 electrolyzer. The high Faradaic efficiency (FE) of CO formation observed at a low overpotential in a half‐cell test is ascribed to the controlled crystallinity and composition of this catalyst as well as to its faster charge transfer, downshifted d‐band center, and low oxophilicity. The gaseous CO2 electrolyzer with the optimal catalyst as the cathode exhibits superior cell performance with a high CO FE and production rate, outperforming state‐of‐the‐art analogs. Thus, the obtained results pave the way to the commercialization of CO2 electrolyzers and promote the establishment of a greener society.
Ultrathin and Efficient Organic Photovoltaics with Enhanced Air Stability by Suppression of Zinc Element Diffusion
Authors: Xiong Sixing , Fukuda Kenjiro , Lee Shinyoung , Nakano Kyohei , Dong Xinyun , Yokota Tomoyuki , Tajima Keisuke , Zhou Yinhua , Someya Takao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUltrathin (thickness less than 10 µm) organic photovoltaics (OPVs) can be applied to power soft robotics and wearable electronics. In addition to high power conversion efficiency, stability under various environmental stresses is crucial for the application of ultrathin OPVs. In this study, the authors realize highly air‐stable and ultrathin (≈3 µm) OPVs that possess high efficiency (15.8%) and an outstanding power‐per‐weight ratio of 33.8 W g−1. Dynamic secondary‐ion mass spectrometry is used to identify Zn diffusion from the electron transport layer zinc oxide (ZnO) to the interface of photoactive layer; this diffusion results in the degradation of the ultrathin OPVs in air. The suppression of the Zn diffusion by a chelating strategy results in stable ultrathin OPVs that maintain 89.6% of their initial efficiency after storage for 1574 h in air at room temperature under dark conditions and 92.4% of their initial efficiency after annealing for 172 h at 85 °C in air under dark conditions. The lightweight and stable OPVs also possess excellent deformability with 87.3% retention of the initial performance after 5000 cycles of a compressing–stretching test with 33% compression.
Visualization of Dissolution‐Precipitation Processes in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Sadd Matthew , De Angelis Salvatore , Colding‐Jørgensen Sofie , Blanchard Didier , Johnsen Rune E. , Sanna Simone , Borisova Elena , Matic Aleksandar , Bowen Jacob R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this work, light is shed on the dissolution and precipitation processes S8 and Li2S, and their role in the utilization of active material in LiS batteries. Combining operando X‐ray Tomographic Microscopy and optical image analysis, in real‐time; sulfur conversion/dissolution in the cathode, the diffusion of polysulfides in the bulk electrolyte, and the redeposition of the product of the electrochemical reaction, Li2S, on the cathode are followed. Using a custom‐designed capillary cell, positioning the entire cathode volume within the field of view, the conversion of elemental sulfur to soluble polysulfides during discharge is quantitatively followed. The results show the full utilization of elemental sulfur in the cathode in the initial stage of discharge, with all solid sulfur converted to soluble polysulfide species. Optical image analysis shows a rapid diffusion of polysulfides as they migrate from the cathode to the bulk electrolyte at the start of discharge and back to the cathode in the later stages of discharge, with the formation and precipitation of Li2S. The results point to the redeposition of Li2S on all available surfaces in the cathode forming a continuous insulating layer, leaving polysulfide species remaining in the electrolyte, and this is the process limiting the cell's specific capacity.
Outstanding CdSe with Multiple Functions Leads to High Performance of GeTe Thermoelectrics
Authors: Jin Yang , Wang Dongyang , Hong Tao , Su Lizhong , Shi Haonan , Zhan Shaoping , Wang Yuping , Wang Sining , Gao Xiang , Qiu Yuting , Zhao Li‐Dong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThermoelectric materials can achieve the direct conversion between electricity and heat, which has drawn extensive attention in recent decades. Understanding the chemical nature of band structure and microstructure is essential to boost the thermoelectric performance of given materials. Herein, CdSe alloying promotes the evolution of multiple valence bands in GeTe, resulting in the contemporaneous appearance of band convergence and density of state distortion, which benefits the sharply enhanced effective mass from 2.3 m0 to 5.0 m0. The carrier mobility and effective mass are well optimized via CdSe alloying, contributing to the ultrahigh weighted mobility of ≈199 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 300 K in CdSe‐alloyed GeTe. Accordingly, a superior power factor of ≈41 µW cm−1 K−2 is attained at 673 K. Meanwhile, the nanoprecipitates, strain, and mass field fluctuations introduced by CdSe alloying result in a significantly decreased lattice thermal conductivity. A highest figure of merit (ZT) of ≈2.3 at 673 K and the ultrahigh ZTave of ≈1.46 at 303–773 K are achieved in CdSe‐alloyed GeTe. This work illustrates that the charge and phonon transport properties of GeTe can be simultaneously optimized through integrating band engineering and all‐scale defects incorporation via CdSe alloying.
Nutrition, obesity, and dental development in young adolescents in Chicago
Authors: Cardona Salazar Diana Katerine , Caplin Jennifer , Whyms Pamela , Alrayyes Sahar , Nikita Efthymia , Galang‐Boquiren Maria Therese , Truskoski Deric , Naqvi Afsar , Nicholas Christina L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesChildhood obesity is a systemic disease with multiple downstream consequences, including shifts in timing of growth and development. It has been documented that children with high body mass index (BMI) show accelerated timing of dental development, but the mechanism for this acceleration is unknown. Prior work has suggested that inflammation and/or nutrition may play a role. We investigate the potential association between diet (caloric intake, macronutrients), obesity, and accelerated dental development.MethodsChildren and adolescents (age 10–15; n = 112) were recruited from dental clinics at the University of Illinois Chicago. We collected subjects' height, weight, panoramic radiographic records, and each subject filled out a Block Food Frequency Questionnaire.ResultsThe only macronutrient level associated with BMI was a negative correlation to Total Fat consumption (p = .01), though this relationship was not significant in the path analysis (p > .05). Regression analyses indicated that BMI (p = .003) and total caloric intake (controlling for BMI; rho = 0.19; p = .04) were both significantly correlated with timing of dental development. However, when a path analysis was conducted, it was revealed that only BMI was statistically significant (p = .008).ConclusionsBody mass index percentile, regardless of caloric intake, is positively associated with accelerated dental development. While it is possible that excess caloric intake itself plays a minor role in timing of dental development, we do not see unambiguous evidence for this in our sample. We posit that another mechanism, such as inflammation, may be the link between obesity status and dental development.
Progressing children’s rights and participation: Utilising rights‐informed resources to guide policy and practice
Authors: Canosa Antonia , Graham Anne , Simmons Catharine 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSocial policy in Australia and internationally, that is focused on improving children's safety and well‐being, increasingly makes implicit or explicit reference to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. Concomitantly, children and young people's participation is more widely acknowledged as being key to ensuring policies, programmes and services reflect their views and lived experience. The non‐government sector, along with statutory bodies like the National and State‐based Children's Commissions in Australia, have led the way in advocating for children's participation, including the development of resources to assist in facilitating this. Little is known, however, about the nature, scope and extent of such resources nor the evidence informing them. This article reports the findings of a scoping review of rights‐informed resources and academic articles that provide a sound rationale and “good practice” information, education and/or professional learning about children's participation rights, in particular. The findings highlight some of the tensions and possibilities between the rhetorical aspirations of participation and existing practice. The analysis is intended to support the efforts of organisations endeavouring to improve their understanding and approaches to embedding children's rights, including participation in decision making and other matters of interest or concern to them.
Excitation of Ultraslow High‐q Surface Plasmon Polariton Modes in Dense Arrays of Double‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Kadochkin Alexey S. , Moiseev Sergey G. , Svetukhin Vyacheslav V. , Saurov Alexander N. , Zolotovskii Igor O. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis work explores the plasmonic properties of parallel double‐walled carbon nanotube arrays. It is shown that ultraslow surface plasmon polariton (SPP) modes possessing a phase velocity some orders of magnitude lower than the speed of light in vacuum and high Q‐factor can be generated in such arrays. It is demonstrated that nonrelativistic electron beams with the velocity less than 106 m s−1 can be used to excite SPPs in arrays of double‐walled carbon nanotubes. For the SPP modes excited by an electron beam, the frequency range of SPP waves and electron beam velocities corresponding to the phase matching within a wide frequency range are determined. It opens the way to design slow‐wave structures based on the dense arrays of multiwalled carbon nanotubes employing an efficient energy transfer from the pump to the SPPs.
CLIPON: A CRISPR‐Enabled Strategy that Turns Commercial Pregnancy Test Strips into General Point‐of‐Need Test Devices
Authors: Tang Yidan , Qi Lijuan , Liu Yichen , Guo Lulu , Zhao Rujian , Yang Meiting , Du Yan , Li Bingling 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDesirable biosensing assays need to be sensitive, specific, cost‐effective, instrument‐free, and versatile. Herein we report a new strategy termed CLIPON (CRISPR and Large DNA assembly Induced Pregnancy strips for signal‐ON detection) that can deliver these traits. CLIPON integrates a commercial pregnancy test strip (PTS) with four biological elements: the human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), CRISPR‐Cas12a, crRNA and cauliflower‐like large‐sized DNA assemblies (CLD). CLIPON uses the Cas12a/crRNA complex both to recognize a target of interest and to release CLD‐bound hCG so that target presence can translate into a colorimetric signal on the PTS. We demonstrate the versatility of CLIPON through sensitive and specific detection of HPV genomic DNA, SARS‐CoV‐2 genomic RNA and adenosine. We also engineer a cell phone app and a hand‐held microchip to achieve signal quantification. CLIPON represents an attractive option for biosensing and point‐of‐care diagnostics.
Selective Fluorescence Imaging of Cancer Cells Based on ROS‐Triggered Intracellular Cross‐Linking of Artificial Enzyme
Authors: Di Yufei , Zhang Endong , Yang Zhiwen , Shen Qi , Fu Xuancheng , Song Gang , Zhu Chuanwei , Bai Haotian , Huang Yiming , Lv Fengting , Liu Libing , Wang Shu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInside living cells, regulation of catalytic activity of artificial enzymes remains challenging due to issues such as biocompatibility, efficiency, and stability of the catalyst, by which the practical applications of artificial enzymes have been severely hindered. Here, an artificial enzyme, PTT‐SGH, with responsiveness to reactive oxygen species (ROS), was obtained by introducing a catalytic histidine residue to pentaerythritol tetra(3‐mercaptopropionate) (PTT). The artificial enzyme formed large aggregates in cells via the intracellular ROS‐mediated oxidation of thiol groups. The process was significantly facilitated in tumor cells because of the higher ROS concentration in the tumor microenvironment. The catalytic activity of this artificial enzyme was intensively enhanced through deprotonation of cross‐linked PTT‐SGH, which showed typical esterase activities. Selective fluorescence imaging of tumor cells was achieved using the artificial enzyme to trigger the cleavage of the ester bond of the caged fluorophore inside living cells.
Orthoquinone–Based Covalent Organic Frameworks with Ordered Channel Structures for Ultrahigh Performance Aqueous Zinc–Organic Batteries
Authors: Zheng Shibing , Shi Dongjie , Yan Dong , Wang Qiaoran , Sun Tianjiang , Ma Tao , Li Lin , He Dan , Tao Zhanliang , Chen Jun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractElaborate molecular design on cathodes is of great importance for rechargeable aqueous zinc–organic batteries’ performance elevation. Herein, we design a novel orthoquinone‐based covalent organic framework with an ordered channel structures (BT‐PTO COF) cathode for an ultrahigh performance aqueous zinc–organic battery. The ordered channel structure facilitates ions transfer and makes the COF follow a redox pseudocapacitance mechanism. Thus, it delivers a high reversible capacity of 225 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and an exceptional long‐term cyclability (retention rate 98.0 % at 5 A g−1 (≈18 C) after 10 000 cycles). Moreover, a co‐insertion mechanism with Zn2+ first followed by two H+ is uncovered for the first time. Significantly, this co‐insertion behaviour evolves to more H+ insertion routes at high current density and gives the COF ultra‐fast kinetics thus it achieves unprecedented specific power of 184 kW kg−1(COF) and a high energy density of 92.4 Wh kg−1(COF). Our work reports a superior organic material for zinc batteries and provides a design idea for future high‐performance organic cathodes.
Low‐cost carbon black‐loaded functional films for interlaminar toughening and in‐situ delamination monitoring of carbon fiber/epoxy composites
Authors: Liu Hui , Qu Peng , Yu Sitie , Xu Yihan , Jia Yuxi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFunctional polyethersulfone (PES)/carbon black (CB) films were fabricated and interleaved into carbon fiber/epoxy composite laminates to simultaneously improve the mode I interlaminar fracture toughness (GIC) and delamination monitoring sensitivity. It was found that when the CB content in the functional film was 7.5 wt%, the initial and propagation GIC of the laminate achieved the greatest improvements of 99.16% and 82.83%, respectively. The toughening mechanism was mainly attributed to the formation of phase separation structure, the plastic deformation of PES and the pull‐out of epoxy and CBs. Meanwhile, a delamination increment‐resistance change relationship equation was proposed to predict the delamination increment of the laminate during mode I delamination. Moreover, the effect of CB content in the film on the delamination monitoring sensitivity was investigated. The pure PES film showed the largest sensitivity coefficient k of 4.55, which was much higher than that of Control (0.14). When the CB content was in the range of 2.5–7.5 wt%, both GIC and k remained at relatively high levels, indicating that PES/CB films have promising applications in advanced multifunctional composites due to their low cost, simple manufacturing process, and large‐scale industrial manufacturability.
US FDA–validated TLC method with four greenness assessment evaluations for simultaneous determination of prednisolone and esomeprazole in spiked human plasma
Authors: Abdelhamid Nessreen S. , Magdy Maimana A. , Anwar Basma H. , Farid Nehal F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecently, prednisolone has been used in treating many medical conditions, such as autoimmune diseases and cancer. It is also prescribed to mitigate the respiratory complications caused by COVID‐19 infection. It can cause some health complications, such as GIT ulcers, so it should be co‐administered with proton‐pump inhibitors, such as esomeprazole, to prevent the risk of ulcers. This work aims to develop an ecofriendly and sensitive TLC method for simultaneous determination of esomeprazole and prednisolone in their binary mixtures and spiked human plasma. Separation was performed using a mixture of ethyl acetate, methanol, and ammonia (9.5:0.5:0.1, v/v/v) as an eluting system with UV scanning at 245 nm. Dapoxetine was used as an internal standard to correct the variation during sampling. The resulting Rf values for plasma, esomeprazole, prednisolone, and dapoxetine were 0.03, 0.51, 0.72 and 0.85, respectively. Four greenness assessment tools—national environmental method index, eco‐scale assessments, analytical greenness metric approach (AGREE), and green analytical procedure index (GAPI)—were used to evaluate the greenness characteristics of the proposed method to the environment, and the results were acceptable and satisfactory. Validation parameters were checked according to the US FDA guidelines to achieve the international requirements for bioanalytical method validation, and the results were within the accepted ranges.