bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost-Savings Analysis of an Individualized Exercise Oncology Program in Early-Stage Breast Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Clinical Control Trial
Authors: Wonders Karen Y. , Schmitz Kathryn , Wise Robert , Hale Ronald 
Published: April 2022

PURPOSE: In an attempt to promote the integration of exercise oncology as a standard part of clinical practice, economic evaluations are warranted. Thus, the purpose of this study was to prospectively analyze cost savings of an individualized exercise oncology program when patients were randomly assigned. METHODS: For this open-label, randomized, prospective, comparative clinical trial, patients with early-stage breast cancer (stage I-II) were randomly assigned into two groups: the control group (CG, n = 120) and the exercise training group (EX, n = 123). Patients in the exercise intervention group completed 12 weeks of prescribed, individualized exercise that aligned with ACSM exercise guidelines for cancer survivors. The CG received the current standard of care, which includes a resource guide with various options available to the cancer survivor. RESULTS: In the EX group, all physical fitness measures significantly improved compared with baseline ( P < .001), while remaining unchanged for the CG ( P > .05). Patients in the CG had the highest total mean health care utilization across all measures (CG: $8,598 US dollars, compared with EX: $6,356 US dollars) for emergency visits, outpatient visits, and office-base visits that were not a part of their treatment plan. At baseline, the mean Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores did not significantly differ ( P > .05); however, at follow-up, a larger proportion of the EX group had ECOG scores of 0 or 1, compared with the CG ( P < .05). Finally, patient-reported outcomes were significantly higher in the exercise group, compared with the CG at the 12-week follow-up ( P < .001). CONCLUSION: A supervised, individualized 12-week exercise intervention led to significant improvements in fitness parameters and ECOG scores, as well as a decrease in unplanned health care utilization among early-stage breast cancer survivors.
Serum Uric Acid Levels and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A 2-Sample Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Li Shiwei , Fu Yuhong , Liu Yue , Zhang Xinxin , Li Haijun , Tian Lei , Zhuo Lin , Liu Ming , Cui Jingqiu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Observational studies have shown that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly correlated with serum uric acid (SUA). However, these studies have an inherent risk of bias due to reverse causality. Here, we perform a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate causality between SUA and NAFLD.

Methods
We performed a 2-sample bidirectional MR analysis using summary-level data from genome-wide association studies of SUA (with up to 110 347 individuals) and NAFLD (1483 cases and 17781 controls) in European populations. First, 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with SUA were selected as instruments to estimate the causal effect of elevated SUA levels on the risk of NAFLD using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method. Then we performed MR with 3 SNPs as genetic instruments for NAFLD. To test the reliability, further sensitivity analyses were also conducted.

Results
Our MR analyses demonstrated that NAFLD was associated with SUA levels (β = 0.032, P = 0.003). Similar results were obtained using other MR methods and in sensitivity analyses. Genetic predisposition to elevated SUA levels was not associated with NAFLD (IVW MR, odds ratio = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.90-1.15, P = 0.775). Similar results were obtained using other 4 pleiotropy robust MR methods and in sensitivity analyses, excluding 9 SNPs associated with potential confounders.

Conclusions
Our study supports the causal increased SUA levels by NAFLD, while our study does not confirm a causal association for SUA levels on risk of NAFLD. Further study is needed to interpret the potential mechanisms.
Genetic Risk Score for Plasma Uric Acid Levels Is Associated With Early Rapid Kidney Function Decline in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Gurung Resham Lal , Yiamunaa M , Liu Jian-Jun , Dorajoo Rajkumar , Wang Jiexun , Wang Ling , Liu Sylvia , Chan Clara , Ang Keven , Shao Yi-Ming , Subramaniam Tavintharan , Tang Wern E , Fang Sum Chee , Liu Jian-Jun , Lim Su Chi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Context
Observational studies have shown that elevated uric acid (UA) is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, whether the relationship is causal remains unclear.

Objective
To determine the association of plasma UA and incident CKD and the causal relationship between plasma UA and rapid decline in kidney function (RDKF) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods
Multivariable Cox regression was conducted to evaluate the hazard ratio (HR) between plasma UA and incident CKD among 1300 normoalbuminuric patients in 2 T2D study cohorts (DN, n = 402; SMART2D, n = 898). A weighted genetic risk score (wGRS) was calculated based on 10 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) identified in genome-wide association studies of UA in East Asians. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed among 1146 Chinese T2D patients without CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] &gt; 60 mL/min/1.73m2) at baseline (DN, 478; SMART2D, 668). The wGRS and individual SNPs were used as genetic instruments and RDKF was defined as eGFR decline of 5 mL/min/1.73m2/year or greater.

Results
During mean follow-up of 5.2 and 5.4 years, 81 (9%) and 46 (11%) participants in SMART2D and DN developed CKD, respectively. A 1-SD increment in plasma UA conferred higher risk of incident CKD (DN, adjusted-HR = 1.40 [95% CI, 1.02-1.91], P = 0.036; SMART2D, adjusted-HR = 1.31 [95% CI, 1.04-1.64], P = 0.018). Higher wGRS was associated with increased odds for RDKF (meta-adjusted odds ratio = 1.12 [95% CI, 1.01-1.24], P = 0.030, Phet = 0.606).

Conclusion
Elevated plasma UA is an independent risk factor for incident CKD. Furthermore, plasma UA potentially has a causal role in early eGFR loss in T2D patients.
Kidney Stone Events Following Parathyroidectomy vs Nonoperative Management for Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Seib Carolyn D , Ganesan Calyani , Arnow Katherine D , Pao Alan C , Leppert John T , Barreto Nicolas B , Kebebew Electron , Kurella Tamura Manjula 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Context
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is associated with an increased risk of kidney stones. Few studies account for PHPT severity or stone risk when comparing stone events after parathyroidectomy vs nonoperative management.

Objective
Compare the incidence of kidney stone events in PHPT patients treated with parathyroidectomy vs nonoperative management.

Design
Longitudinal cohort study with propensity score inverse probability weighting and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression.

Setting
Veterans Health Administration integrated health care system.

Patients
A total of 44 978 patients with &gt; 2 years follow-up after PHPT diagnosis (2000-2018); 5244 patients (11.7%) were treated with parathyroidectomy.

Main outcomes measure
Clinically significant kidney stone event.

Results
The cohort had a mean age of 66.0 years, was 87.8% male, and 66.4% White. Patients treated with parathyroidectomy had higher mean serum calcium (11.2 vs 10.8mg/dL) and were more likely to have a history of kidney stone events. Among patients with baseline history of kidney stones, the unadjusted incidence of ≥ 1 kidney stone event was 30.5% in patients managed with parathyroidectomy (mean follow-up, 5.6 years) compared with 18.0% in those managed nonoperatively (mean follow-up, 5.0 years). Patients treated with parathyroidectomy had a higher adjusted hazard of recurrent kidney stone events (hazard ratio [HR], 1.98; 95% CI, 1.56-2.51); however, this association declined over time (parathyroidectomy × time: HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.73-0.87).

Conclusion
In this predominantly male cohort with PHPT, patients treated with parathyroidectomy continued to be at higher risk of kidney stone events in the immediate years after treatment than patients managed nonoperatively, although the adjusted risk of stone events declined with time, suggesting a benefit to surgical treatment.
Centrosome maturation requires phosphorylation-mediated sequential domain interactions of SPD-5
Authors: Nakajo Momoe , Kano Hikaru , Tsuyama Kenji , Haruta Nami , Sugimoto Asako 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Centrosomes consist of two centrioles and the surrounding pericentriolar material (PCM). The PCM expands during mitosis in a process called centrosome maturation, in which PCM scaffold proteins play pivotal roles to recruit other centrosomal proteins. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the scaffold protein SPD-5 forms a PCM scaffold in a polo-like kinase 1 (PLK-1) phosphorylation-dependent manner. However, how phosphorylation of SPD-5 promotes PCM scaffold assembly is unclear. Here, we identified three functional domains of SPD-5 through in vivo domain analyses, and propose that sequential domain interactions of SPD-5 are required for mitotic PCM scaffold assembly. Firstly, SPD-5 is targeted to centrioles through a direct interaction between its centriole localization (CL) domain and the centriolar protein PCMD-1. Then, intramolecular and intermolecular interactions between the SPD-5 phospho-regulated multimerization (PReM) domain and the PReM association (PA) domain are enhanced by phosphorylation by PLK-1, which leads to PCM scaffold expansion. Our findings suggest that the sequential domain interactions of scaffold proteins mediated by PLK-1 phosphorylation is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of PCM scaffold assembly.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Body Mass Index-Adjusted Weight Loss Grading System and Cancer-Related Fatigue in Survivors 1 Year After Esophageal Cancer Surgery
Authors: Cheng Zhao , Anandavadivelan Poorna , Nilsson Magnus , Johar Asif , Lagergren Pernilla 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The association between pre- and postoperative weight loss and cancer-related fatigue after esophageal cancer surgery is unclear. This nationwide, prospective, longitudinal cohort study aimed to assess the influence of weight loss on cancer-related fatigue among esophageal cancer survivors.

Methods
Patients who underwent esophagectomy for cancer between 2013 and 2019 in Sweden were enrolled in this study. Exposure was measured by the body mass index-adjusted weight loss grading system (WLGS). Cancer-related fatigue was assessed using the fatigue scale of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the EORTC QLQ-Fatigue 12 (QLQ-FA12) questionnaire measuring overall fatigue and physical, emotional, and cognitive fatigue. Growth mixture models were used to identify unobserved trajectories of cancer-related fatigue. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were fitted to assess the associations between WLGS and cancer-related fatigue, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results
Three trajectories were identified—low, moderate, and severe persistent fatigue. Cancer-related fatigue remained stable in each trajectory between 1 and 3 years after esophagectomy. Among the 356 enrolled patients, 4.5–22.6% were categorized into the severe persistent fatigue trajectory in terms of QLQ-C30 (19.9%), FA12 overall (10.5%), physical (22.6%), emotional (15.9%), and cognitive fatigue (4.5%). No association between pre- or postoperative WLGS and cancer-related fatigue was found between 1 and 3 years after esophageal cancer surgery.

Conclusions
Weight loss did not seem to influence cancer-related fatigue after esophageal cancer surgery.
What energy infrastructure will be needed by 2050 in the EU to support 1.5°C scenarios?
Authors: Arduin Igor , Andrey Christopher , Bossmann Tobias 
Published: April 2022

Background: The European Commission has settled ambitious objectives in order to reach climate neutrality by 2050. This will imply the shift from fossil fuel to low carbon energy supply and an adaptation of the energy system according to it. Electrification and production of green hydrogen are seen as structural pillars. The objective of the study is to quantify energy infrastructure needs required in various climate neutral scenarios at the 2050 time horizon. Methods: The work was based on Artelys Crystal Super Grid, a tool developed at Artelys for modelling and simulating energy markets on a continental or national scale. In this study, we apply a multi-energy (i.e., power, hydrogen, methane) capacity expansion and dispatch optimisation methodology, featuring hourly and national granularity, covering the European Union plus major neighbouring countries. Several investments options are considered: storage assets, electrolysers, cross-border electricity, hydrogen and CH4 interconnections (including repurposing of CH4 infrastructures), and gas-to-power capacities. Results: Important needs for cross-border electricity infrastructure appear in all the considered scenarios. Cross-border hydrogen infrastructure needs strongly depend on the geographic allocation of renewable energy sources across Europe. Security of supply in Europe can be maintained without investing in additional cross-border methane pipelines. Existing methane pipelines will be repurposed or characterized by low utilisation rates at the 2050 horizon. Conclusions: The multi-energy optimization approach developed is well suited to assess electricity, methane and hydrogen infrastructure projects and their interdependencies considering various scenarios. While electricity and methane infrastructure needs are quite robust across several sensitivities on a climate neutral scenario, hydrogen infrastructure needs are more uncertain and depend on various factors such as the level of hydrogen demand, its competition with biomethane and the level of colocation between RES generation and hydrogen demand.
Stacked deep analytic model for human activity recognition on a UCI HAR database
Authors: Pang Ying Han , Ping Liew Yee , Ling Goh Fan , Yin Ooi Shih , How Khoh Wee 
Published: April 2022

Background Owing to low cost and ubiquity, human activity recognition using smartphones is emerging as a trendy mobile application in diverse appliances such as assisted living, healthcare monitoring, etc. Analysing this one-dimensional time-series signal is rather challenging due to its spatial and temporal variances. Numerous deep neural networks (DNNs) are conducted to unveil deep features of complex real-world data. However, the drawback of DNNs is the un-interpretation of the network's internal logic to achieve the output. Furthermore, a huge training sample size (i.e. millions of samples) is required to ensure great performance. Methods In this work, a simpler yet effective stacked deep network, known as Stacked Discriminant Feature Learning (SDFL), is proposed to analyse inertial motion data for activity recognition. Contrary to DNNs, this deep model extracts rich features without the prerequisite of a gigantic training sample set and tenuous hyper-parameter tuning. SDFL is a stacking deep network with multiple learning modules, appearing in a serialized layout for multi-level feature learning from shallow to deeper features. In each learning module, Rayleigh coefficient optimized learning is accomplished to extort discriminant features. A subject-independent protocol is implemented where the system model (trained by data from a group of users) is used to recognize data from another group of users. Results Empirical results demonstrate that SDFL surpasses state-of-the-art methods, including DNNs like Convolutional Neural Network, Deep Belief Network, etc., with ~97% accuracy from the UCI HAR database with thousands of training samples. Additionally, the model training time of SDFL is merely a few minutes, compared with DNNs, which require hours for model training. Conclusions The supremacy of SDFL is corroborated in analysing motion data for human activity recognition requiring no GPU but only a CPU with a fast- learning rate.
The construction of rare disease discourse on YouTube: highlighting a disparity between policy rhetoric and patient practices around public engagement
Authors: Hanchard Matthew 
Published: April 2022

Background: Policy rhetoric around the 6,000-8,000 rare diseases affecting 300 million people worldwide often focuses on public engagement. Meanwhile, medical authorities tend either to treat patients with rare diseases as pre-categorised data sources, proffer to them notions of technological self-care as empowerment, or recruit them as advocacy allies. Conversely, people living with rare diseases often mobilise and engage with one another in self-organised communities via social media to share discussion, information, and resources. How rare disease discourse forms on specific social media platforms, the role of different actors (including medical authorities and algorithms), and its relation to public engagement policy are poorly understood. Methods: This paper examines data on YouTube video watching/sharing (gathered from YouTube’s API via DMI’s ‘Data Tools for YouTube’) through social network analysis (read through a controversy analysis lens). Results: The paper identifies eight patterns – each revolving around different levels of: focus on rare disease content; engagement between content and viewers, i.e. through likes, dislikes, and surrounding particular videos; permeability of videos between categories; and repetition in viewers watching the same video. Across six of the patterns, the paper finds a rare disease issue-network forming, where discourse is constructed through three distinct communication strategies, each garnering a different form of engagement. Conclusions: Overall, the paper highlights a disconnect between how rare disease discourse is enacted on YouTube and policy promises of public engagement, with potential spaces for dialogue often closed off by medical authorities. To close, the paper provides recommendations for how policymakers might engage with and facilitate more inclusive forms of social media interaction between specific rare disease related communities and clinicians to develop more meaningful forms of knowledge exchange.
Personality and adherence to the COVID-19 vaccine: the role of agreeableness and openness traits
Authors: Gonçalves André , Franco Gabriel , Gomes Gabriel Vitor , Machado Gisele , Pianowski Giselle , de Francisco Carvalho Lucas 
Published: April 2022

Aim of the studyThis study aimed to verify the relationship between personality traits and commitment to vaccination against COVID-19.Subject or material and methodsThe sample consisted of 595 Brazilian adults aged 18-72 years, who answered the Big Five Inventory 2 Short (BFI-2-S) and a COVID-19 Vaccine Questionnaire.ResultsHigher scores in agreeableness and openness were associated with a higher probability of adhering to the vaccination program, and higher scores in extroversion and lower scores in agreeableness were associated with poor adherence to the vaccination, anti-vaccine movement, and conspiracy beliefs against the vaccine (p ≤ .01).DiscussionThese results show the agreeableness and openness traits seem to be crucial for adherence to the vaccination program.ConclusionsThe findings indicate the importance of acknowledging agreeableness and openness traits as relevant in the adherence to the public policies programs against the COVID-19 pandemic.
The utility of media-delivered information for Generation Z travelers from Poland in the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Balińska Agata , Jaska Ewa 
Published: April 2022

Motivation: Information and knowledge are economic goods that sustain economic development, including the tourism industry, today. In the past, the tourism sector was affected by various crises, but none of them was as extensive and impacted tourism on a global scale as it has happened now — during the Covid-19 pandemic. Generation Z, which is a cohort of extremely active travelers, mostly rely on digitally-delivered information. New media like the Internet, including social media, enable tourism entities to reach not only local, but also global markets. However, in the studies published so far, social media and the Internet have usually been analyzed as one category, which in the era of changing technologies and the new emerging behaviors of young tourists seems insufficient. Therefore, there is a need to verify the current state of research and determine the new media utility on the tourism market.
Aim: The study aims to investigate the capability of new media to meet the information needs of potential Gen Z tourists during the pandemic and to identify the characteristics of useful media information
Results: The study involved a desk research and a diagnostic survey method, including the online survey technique. The collected material was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. 374 responses were received to the questionnaire. The study was conducted in October 2020. Additionally, an observation, carried out in thematic groups in social media, was used as a complementary technique. The conducted research made it possible to verify the utility of online sources of information used by Gen Z respondents during the pandemic. The study determined the relationships between Gen Z travel frequency, average daily time spent in front of the computer, the amount of tourism expenditure and the utility of new media. The main contribution of this study is the identification of the features of useful media-delivered information about tourism products and services as perceived by Gen Z representatives, which contributes to filling the existing research gap.
Social issue as an area of non-financial reporting in Poland on the example of selected companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange
Authors: Czaja-Cieszyńska Hanna 
Published: April 2022

Motivation: The dissemination of the concept of sustainable development has resulted in the social issue becoming an important area of non-financial reporting. However, the complexity and multidimensionality of this category mean that the indicators used for this are very diverse. The literature on this subject includes numerous publications, but there is lack of answer to the question: are the social category disclosures presented in non-financial reports comparable?
Aim: The aim of the paper is an assessment of the comparability of non-financial disclosures in the social area in reports of selected companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The ten largest companies listed in the WIG-20 index were selected for the study. The study covered non-financial reports for 2019. The study was divided into five categories: (I) Human Rights, (II) Local Communities and Community Engagement, (III) Supplier Social Assessment, (IV) Customer Privacy, and (V) Other, within each, based on GRI Standards, up to three non-financial indicators have been defined.
Results: The conducted empirical study confirmed that the analysed non-financial reports were not fully comparable in any of the five categories of disclosures. Moreover, in many reports verbal description dominated, with a relatively small share of information expressed in numbers and/or percentages, which in turn creates a field for narration. Non-financial reporting requires an appropriate balance between descriptive reporting and quantified information. This also applies to the disclosure of information on social issues. In this light, it seems necessary to lobby and then start legislative work aimed at increasing the comparability of non-financial reports.