bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the role of relative telomere length and CAG expansion on initial symptoms of juvenile Huntington disease
Authors: PerezGrovas‐Saltijeral Adriana , Ochoa‐Morales Adriana , Jara‐Prado Aurelio , Velázquez‐Cruz Rafael , Rivera‐Paredez Berenice , Dávila‐OrtizdeMontellano David , Benítez‐Alonso Edmar O. , Santamaría‐Olmedo Mónica , Sevilla‐Montoya Rosalba , Marfil‐Marín Ernesto , Valdés‐Flores Margarita , Martínez‐Ruano Leticia , Camacho‐Molina Alejandra , Hidalgo‐Bravo Alberto 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeJuvenile‐onset Huntington disease (JHD) is defined when symptoms initiate before 20 years of age. Mechanisms explaining differences between juvenile and adult onset are not fully understood. Our aim was to analyze the distribution of initial symptoms in a cohort of JHD patients and to explore its relationship with CAG expansion and relative telomere length (RTL).MethodsA total of 84 JHD patients and 54 neurologically healthy age and sex matched individuals were recruited. CAG length was measured by southern blot or triplet repeat primed polymerase chain reaction. RTL was measured using the Cawthon method.ResultsPsychiatric symptoms were most frequent when considering the entire cohort. When divided into onset before or after 10 years, cognitive symptoms were more frequent in the youngest, whilst in the older group psychiatric symptoms prevailed. Motor symptoms were rare in the youngest and epilepsy was observed only in this group as well as a larger CAG expansion. RTL analysis revealed shorter telomeres in JHD patients compared to controls. This difference is not influenced by age, initial symptoms, time of disease or CAG expansion.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge this is the largest cohort of JHD patients reported. Psychiatric manifestations deserve special attention when JHD is suspected and epilepsy is especially important in the youngest patients. Initial symptoms seem to be influenced by CAG expansion and therefore age of onset. RTL is significantly reduced in JHD patients which can influence the characteristic neurodegeneration of JHD and contribute to the clinical discrepancy between adult and juvenile forms of Huntington disease.
CD226 knockout reduces the development of CD8+ T by impairing the TCR sensitivity of double‐positive thymocytes
Authors: Ma Jingchang , Liu Yitian , Duan Chujun , Wu Shuwen , Xie Yang , Yang Lu , Li Xuemei , Wang Yuling , Zhang Yuan , Zhuang Ran 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe costimulation molecule CD226 is widely involved in T cell differentiation, activation and immune functional regulation in peripheral immune tissues. CD226‐deficient mice have impaired immune response capacity. The function of CD226 in regulating T cell development in the thymus, a central immune organ, is not yet fully understood. We investigated the development of thymocytes using CD226 knockout mice and single‐cell sequencing techniques. CD226 began to be expressed in the second half of thymocyte development, with a gradual increase from the double‐positive (DP) to single‐positive (SP) phase and higher levels of CD226 on CD8+ T cells than on CD4+ T cells from the SP phase to mature T cells. In the thymus of CD226KO mice, the proportion of DPT at the quiescent phase (DPT‐Q) increased, of which the Gzma+ cluster that tends to be CD8+ T cells and CD5+ cluster that is undergoing positive selection decreased dramatically. Afterward, the proportion of mature CD8+ T cells reduced dramatically. Depletion of CD226 impaired TCR activation signalling and diminished AKT/ERK/NF‐κB/p38 phosphorylation levels. The diminished TCR responsiveness of DPT cells impeded their positive selection process and influenced the maturation of CD8+ T cells. In mechanism, CD226 knockout enhanced DPT cell apoptosis via impairing AKT phosphorylation. These results suggest that CD226 plays a significant role in T cell thymic development via modulation of TCR signalling, affecting CD8+ T cell maturation.
Employee firing costs and accounting conservatism: Evidence from wrongful discharge laws
Authors: Gao Huasheng , Huang Jun , Zhang Tianshu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper identifies the causal effect of a firm's employee firing costs on its conditional conservatism, using the staggered adoption of US state wrongful discharge laws (WDLs) that increase a firm's cost of firing employees. We find that the adoption of WDLs leads to a significant increase in conditional conservatism. This result is greater for firms that are more labor‐intensive, have higher propensities to fire employees, make more firm‐specific investments and have greater risk. Overall, our findings support the view that higher firing costs lead to greater demand for conditional conservatism to decrease investment inefficiencies because higher firing costs make inefficient investments (including overinvestment in negative‐net present value (NPV) projects and delays in disinvesting poorly performing projects) costlier for the firm.
Associations between endometriosis and allergy‐related diseases as well as different specific immunoglobulin E allergy: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Chen Shuozhen , Liu Juan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimTo explore the associations between endometriosis and different kinds of allergy‐related diseases as well as different specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) allergy.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 1332 female participants ≥20 years and divided them into the endometriosis group (n = 97) and the nonendometriosis group (n = 1235). The confounders were obtained by comparing the differences of variables in groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to analyze the associations between endometriosis and allergy‐related diseases as well as different specific IgE allergy. Subgroup analysis were performed in age, body mass index (BMI), and pregnancy history.ResultsAfter adjusting for confounders, increased risk of allergy (odd ratios [OR] = 2.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31–3.47), hay fever (OR = 2.31, 95%CI: 1.32–4.06), and dog‐specific IgE (OR = 2.13, 95%CI: 1.03–4.41) were observed in females with endometriosis. Among females aged between 30 and 39 years, the risk of allergy (OR = 3.51, 95%CI: 1.07–11.56), hay fever (OR = 3.26, 95%CI: 1.08–9.83), and dog‐specific IgE (OR = 4.39, 95%CI: 1.02–18.88) was increased in patients with endometriosis compared with those without. In terms of females aged 40 to 49 years, the risk of hay fever was increased in patients with endometriosis. For females with BMI of 25–30 kg/m2, the risk of allergy was increased in patients with endometriosis. Increased risk of allergy, hay fever, and dog‐specific IgE was observed in females with a history of pregnancy.ConclusionEndometriosis was associated with higher risk of allergy, hay fever, and dog dander. Special care should be provided for patients with endometriosis for the potential risk of allergy.
Parent Engagement with a School‐Based Health Center Consent Process Predicts Student Attendance and School Transition*
Authors: Klein Lauren M. , Johnson Sara B. , Prichett Laura , Abel Yolanda , Connor Katherine , Jones Vanya C. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchool‐based health centers (SBHCs) fill critical pediatric health care access gaps but typically require parental consent for enrollment. Families' responses to SBHC consent form outreach efforts may reflect broader school engagement. This study investigated whether SBHC consent form return predicted subsequent chronic absenteeism and school transition, indicators of student and family school engagement.METHODSMultivariable logistic regression was used to compare the odds of being chronically absent or transitioning out of a US elementary/middle school (n = 1917) during 2015‐2016 and 2016‐2017 for those who declined SBHC enrollment or did not return a consent form, compared to those who enrolled.RESULTSCompared to enrolled students, those who declined had 78% lower odds of chronic absenteeism [95% CI: 0.09, 0.54]. Families who did not respond had 2.8 times greater odds of their student transitioning out of school [95% CI: 2.15, 3.58] but were no more likely to be chronically absent.ConclusionsConsent form return may predict aspects of broader students and family school engagement.
Culture, religion, language and the assessment and management of children's pain by expatriate nurses in Saudi Arabia: A qualitative study
Authors: Alotaibi Khalaf , Higgins Isabel , Chan Sally 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeUnrelieved pain among hospitalized children is a common problem that affects all aspects of children's health and their quality of life. Cultural and language differences between nurses and patients have been shown to impact the quality and safety of nursing care and management for children with pain. The aim of this study was to identify the cultural factors, barriers, and facilitators impacting the assessment and management of children's pain by expatriate nurses in Saudi Arabia.Design and MethodsA qualitative descriptive design was employed in this study. A sample of 16 nurses was conveniently recruited and interviewed through face‐to‐face semistructured interviews. Each interview lasted between 30 and 60 min and was audio‐recorded. Content analysis was used to analyze the transcripts. Transcripts were carefully read, significant statements were highlighted, coded, categorized, and clustered thematically.ResultsThree main themes were identified, namely, (I) low priority of children's pain, (II) culture and religious challenges, and (III) communication challenges.Practice ImplicationsCultural and language differences described by expatriate nurses hindered their care of children with pain. A systematic education for expatriate nurses, children, and families is urgently needed to enhance inter/cross‐cultural understandings and improve childcare in Saudi Arabia. This study identifies the unique challenges faced by expatriate nurses in Saudi Arabia. The findings reveal how a lack of knowledge about cultural values and beliefs can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts between nurses, children, and families and can have an impact on childcare and pain. It also highlights the need to improve pain management practices in multicultural healthcare settings, similar to those of Saudi Arabia and neighboring Arab nations, and across the globe.
Forest canopy and mistletoe infestation alter the facilitative effects of Juniperus oxycedrus s.l. on woody seedlings on Mount Lebanon (Lebanon)
Authors: Douaihy Bouchra , Maamary Andrea , Yammine Ralph , Fridlender Alain , Nemer David , Delerue Florian , Michalet Richard 
Published: November 2022

AbstractQuestionsIn this study we investigated the direct effect of the shrub Juniperus oxycedrus s.l. on Mediterranean woody species regeneration, and how this interaction can be modified by the juniper habit, the forest canopy and/or infestation of the juniper by the plant parasite Arceuthobium oxycedri. We also aimed at identifying species response groups in relation to their ecological requirements and successional strategies.LocationNorth of Mount Lebanon, in Horsch Ehden natural reserve, a humid montane Mediterranean forest.MethodsWe compared the regeneration of all occurring woody species below and outside 111 Juniperus oxycedrus canopies using the random pair sampling method. We calculated eight relative interaction intensity indexes (RIIJuniper) corresponding to the eight treatment combinations of the three factors: forest canopy (forest/gap), mistletoe infestation (with/without) and juniper habit (spreading/erect). We analyzed the RII values at three different levels: community (all species grouped), species group and species.ResultsOverall, the regeneration of the woody community was facilitated by Juniperus oxycedrus. However, the forest cover significantly reduced the facilitative effect of Juniperus oxycedrus when the latter was not infested by Arceuthobium oxycedri. We identified three species response groups (A: highly facilitated; B: slightly facilitated to neutral; and C: neutral) determined by their response to both Juniperus oxycedrus canopy and forest cover. The most facilitated species were shade‐tolerant/drought‐intolerant late‐successional species.ConclusionsThe results suggest the importance of shade tolerance in the complex mechanism of forest regeneration that is also affected by a parasite plant (Arceuthobium oxycedri), which boosts regeneration dynamics under forest cover by reducing shrub canopy cover.
Testing the chilling‐ before drought‐tolerance hypothesis in Pooideae grasses
Authors: Das Aayudh , Dedon Natalie , Enders Daniel J. , Fjellheim Siri , Preston Jill C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTemperate Pooideae are a large clade of economically important grasses distributed in some of the Earth's coldest and driest terrestrial environments. Previous studies have inferred that Pooideae diversified from their tropical ancestors in a cold montane habitat, suggesting that above‐freezing cold (chilling) tolerance evolved early in the subfamily. By contrast, drought tolerance is hypothesized to have evolved multiple times independently in response to global aridification that occurred after the split of Pooideae tribes. To independently test predictions of the chilling‐before‐drought hypothesis in Pooideae, we assessed conservation of whole plant and gene expression traits in response to chilling vs. drought. We demonstrated that both trait responses are more similar across tribes in cold as compared to drought, suggesting that chilling responses evolved before, and drought responses after, tribe diversification. Moreover, we found significantly more overlap between drought and chilling responsive genes within a species than between drought responsive genes across species, providing evidence that chilling tolerance genes acted as precursors for the novel acquisition of increased drought tolerance multiple times independently, partially through the cooption of chilling responsive genes.
Dietary sugars and amino acids increase longevity and enhance reproductive parameters of Bracon cephi and B. lissogaster, two parasitoids that specialise on wheat stem sawfly
Authors: Cavallini Laissa , Peterson Robert K. D. , Weaver David K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), is a major pest of wheat grown on the Northern Great Plains and Canadian Prairies of North America, causing economic losses of as much as $350 million annually. Two species that parasitize wheat stem sawfly larvae in wheat stems are Bracon cephi (Gahan) and B. lissogaster Muesebeck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Carbohydrate‐rich diets increase adult parasitoid longevity and reproductive parameters, enhancing their success as natural enemies. In previous studies, these species had increased longevity, egg load, and volume when fed sucrose solutions, encouraging further research on their nutritional needs. Therefore, we conducted experiments with artificial diets using adult females fed sucrose, glucose, and fructose solutions. Females were also fed these sugars in combination with a mixture of amino acids. We assessed individuals daily for longevity. Both species benefited from diets containing carbohydrates, with an increase in longevity from an average of 9 to 51 days for B. cephi, and from 6 to 34 days for B. lissogaster. Additional experiments assessed egg load and volume after 2, 5, and 10 days of cumulative feeding in B. cephi. These females produced 1.4‐fold more eggs when fed amino acids, 2.5‐fold more with sugar, and 2.7‐fold more when fed sugar with amino acids. They had a 1.3‐fold increase in egg volume when fed amino acids, 1.9‐fold with sugar, and 2.1‐fold when fed sugar with amino acids. Our study reveals the nutritional requirements of these braconid parasitoids and the benefits of nutritional sources when implementing conservation biological control strategies.
Sobolev‐orthogonal systems with tridiagonal skew‐Hermitian differentiation matrices
Authors: Iserles Arieh , Webb Marcus 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe introduce and develop a theory of orthogonality with respect to Sobolev inner products on the real line for sequences of functions with a tridiagonal, skew‐Hermitian differentiation matrix. While a theory of such
L2
‐orthogonal systems is well established, Sobolev orthogonality requires new concepts and their analysis. We characterize such systems completely as appropriately weighted Fourier transforms of orthogonal polynomials and present a number of illustrative examples, inclusive of a Sobolev‐orthogonal system whose leading N coefficients can be computed in operations.
Let's connect nature with hypothesis‐based experimentation and explore life in context
Authors: Negin Boaz , Aharoni Asaph 
Published: November 2022

SUMMARYIn a recent paper in Nature, Edith Heard from the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) suggested that molecular biologists should ‘reconnect with nature’ by diversifying sampling locations. Although this approach has its own benefits, we suggest that advanced methods should rather be used to take hypothesis‐based experiments to nature, thereby supplying a much‐needed context for experimentation under controlled conditions. Following the CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) revolution, this approach has become accessible to many research groups. For the past several years we have developed the groundwork and initiated such experimentation. This included the assembly of a mobile laboratory on a four‐wheel drive truck and examining genome‐edited metabolic mutants in wild tree tobacco (Nicotiana glauca), grown in nature. Our findings included both targeted answers to focused questions, but also surprising results that could only be reached while working in natural settings.
HDAC19 recruits ERF4 to the MYB5a promoter and diminishes anthocyanin accumulation during grape ripening
Authors: Jia Haifeng , Zuo Qianqian , Sadeghnezhad Ehsan , Zheng Ting , Chen Xueqin , Dong Tianyu , Fang JinggGui 
Published: November 2022

SUMMARYDNA acetylation alters the expression of responsive genes during plant development. In grapes (Vitis vinifera), however, little is known about this regulatory mechanism. In the present study, ‘Kyoho’ grapes treated with trichostatin A (TSA, a deacetylase inhibitor) were used for transcriptome sequencing and quantitative proteomics analysis. We observed that acetylation was associated with anthocyanin accumulation and gene expression. Acetylation positively regulated phenylalanine metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. Using omics analysis, we detected an increase in the levels of the AP2/EREBP transcription factor family after TSA treatment, indicating its association with acetylation–deacetylation dynamics in grapes. Furthermore, ethylene response factor 4 (ERF4) physically interacted with VvHDAC19, a histone deacetylase, which synergistically reduced the expression of target genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis owing to the binding of VvERF4 to the GCC‐box cis‐regulatory element in the VvMYB5a promoter. VvHDAC19 and VvERF4 also controlled anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation by regulating acetylation levels of histones H3 and H4. Therefore, alterations in histone modification can significantly regulate the expression of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis and affect grape ripening.
The epidemiology of transfusion‐related acute lung injury: A scoping review and analysis
Authors: White Sandra K. , Schmidt Robert L. , Walker Brandon S. , Metcalf Ryan A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this scoping review was to identify available sources of evidence on the epidemiology of transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) and whether meta‐analysis on the incidence of TRALI is feasible. TRALI is a serious complication and the second leading cause of death related to blood transfusion. Estimates of the incidence of TRALI would provide a useful benchmark for research to reduce TRALI.Study Design and MethodsWe searched the Medline, EMBASE, and PubMed databases for publications related to the incidence of TRALI and hemovigilance. We included all studies irrespective of language or country. Both full‐text articles and conference abstracts were included. Participants of the studies must all have received a blood transfusion. Reviews and case studies were excluded.ResultsWe identified 427 articles or abstracts to include for review. More than half were abstracts, and the majority were published after 2010. Reported TRALI definitions varied, but only 27.2% of studies reported any definition for TRALI. TRALI rates were reported using different denominators, such as per blood unit (54.1%), patient (34.4%), and transfusion episode (14.8%). Study populations and contexts were mostly general (75.6% and 80.3%, respectively). There was also variation in study design with most being observational (90.6%) and only 13.1% of all studies used modern donor restriction policies.DiscussionThere was substantial variation in reporting in studies on TRALI incidence. Meta‐analysis of TRALI rates may be feasible in specific circumstances where reporting is clear. Future studies should clearly report key items, such as a TRALI definition.
Case of myocarditis secondary to severePlasmodium falciparuminfection
Authors: Langdon Angharad , Abdlaziz Ihab , Rhodes Kim , Clarke Jayson 
Published: November 2022

Malaria remains one of the most prevalent infectious diseases globally. Despite targets set out by the WHO in 2015, there has been a rise in the number of cases since 2019 as an indirect effect of the COVID-19 pandemic.Cardiac complications are very rarely witnessed with severe malaria. Of the cardiac sequelae, myocarditis is one of the most frequently observed with a handful of case reports in the literature. We report a case of a man in his 50s who developed myocarditis while being managed for severePlasmodium falciparummalaria in an intensive care unit in the UK and review the literature relevant to this case. This is the second reported case of this condition in the UK.
Nivolumab serum concentration in metastatic melanoma patients could be related to outcome and enhanced immune activity: a gene profiling retrospective analysis
Authors: Mallardo Domenico , Giannarelli Diana , Vitale Maria Grazia , Galati Domenico , Trillò Giusy , Esposito Assunta , Isgrò Maria Antonietta , D'Angelo Grazia , Festino Lucia , Vanella Vito , Trojaniello Claudia , White Andrew , De Cristofaro Teresa , Bailey Michael , Pignata Sandro , Caracò Corrado , Petrillo Antonella , Muto Paolo , Maiolino Piera , Budillon Alfredo , Warren Sarah , Cavalcanti Ernesta , Ascierto Paolo Antonio 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundNivolumab is an anti-PD-1 antibody approved for treating metastatic melanoma (MM), for which still limited evidence is available on the correlation between drug exposure and patient outcomes.MethodsIn this observational retrospective study, we assessed whether nivolumab concentration is associated with treatment response in 88 patients with MM and if the patient’s genetic profile plays a role in this association.ResultsWe observed a statistically significant correlation between nivolumab serum concentration and clinical outcomes, measured as overall and progression-free survival. Moreover, patients who achieved a clinical or partial response tended to have higher levels of nivolumab than those who reached stable disease or had disease progression. However, the difference was not statistically significant. In particular, patients who reached a clinical response had a significantly higher concentration of nivolumab and presented a distinct genetic signature, with more marked activation of ICOS and other genes involved in effector T-cells mediated proinflammatory pathways.ConclusionsIn conclusion, these preliminary results show that in patients with MM, nivolumab concentration correlates with clinical outcomes and is associated with an increased expression of ICOS and other genes involved in the activation of T effectors cells.