bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L-asparaginase-mediated Therapy in L-asparagine Auxotrophic Cancers: A Review
Authors: Sindhu Rajashekar , Manonmani Haravey K. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Microbial L-asparaginase is the most effective first-line therapy used in the treatment protocols of paediatric
and adult leukemia. Leukemic cells’ auxotrophy for L-asparagine is exploited as a therapeutic strategy to mediate cell
death through metabolic blockade of L-asparagine using L-asparaginase. Escherichia coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi
serve as the major enzyme deriving sources accepted in clinical practice, and the enzyme has bestowed improvements
in patient outcomes over the last 40 years. However, an array of side effects generated by the native enzymes due to
glutamine co-catalysis and short serum stays augmenting frequent dosages intended a therapeutic switch towards developing
bio better alternatives for the enzyme, including the formulations resulting in sustained local depletion of Lasparagine.
In addition, the treatment with L-asparaginase in a few cancer types has proven to elicit drug-induced cytoprotective
autophagy mechanisms and therefore warrants concern. Although the off-target glutamine hydrolysis has
been viewed as contributing to the drug-induced secondary responses in cells deficient with asparagine synthetase
machinery, the beneficial role of glutaminase-asparaginase in proliferative regulation of asparagine prototrophic cells
has been looked forward. The current review provides an overview of the enzyme’s clinical applications in leukemia
and possible therapeutic implications in other solid tumours, recent advancements in drug formulations, and discusses
the aspects of two-sided roles of glutaminase-asparaginases and drug-induced cytoprotective autophagy mechanisms.
Surgical Preferences in the Management of Primary Pterygium among Anterior Segment Specialists
Authors: Alfarhan Abdulrahman , Alhamzah Albanderi , Abuabat Abdulaziz , Debasi Tariq , Almudhaiyan Tariq 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this study is to reflect anterior segment specialists’ current practice pattern regarding the management of primary pterygium.

Methods:
A 24-item survey regarding indications for surgery, different surgical techniques, use of adjuvant pharmacological therapy, type of intraoperative and postoperative pharmacological therapy, and the preferred treatment of early recurrences was sent to members of the Saudi Ophthalmological Society (SOS) and practicing cornea experts including consultants, specialists, and fellows in Saudi Arabia.

Results:
A total of 61 cornea specialists completed the questionnaire (response rate 49%). More than 95% considered the proximity of the pterygium to the visual axis an indication for excision. The most frequent technique for pterygium excision was extensive head and conjunctival resection, including the base (69%) and intermediate resection of the Tenon's capsule (53%). For conjunctival replacement, conjunctival autograft was preferred by 79%, amniotic membrane (54%), and simple conjunctival closure (46%). Interrupted vicryl sutures, fibrin glue, and combined sutures and tissue adhesive were the preferred graft fixation conveyed by 85%, 46%, and 34% of our experts, respectively. An estimated recurrence rate of 1-5% was stated by 29% of respondents and 46% reported recurrence within 6 to 12 months. Half of the respondents specified using mitomycin C intraoperatively to prevent early pterygium recurrences. When recurrence occurred, corticosteroid was the agent of choice.

Conclusion:
This study set out to reflect the practice pattern of anterior segment specialists regarding the management of primary pterygium, and it may serve as an insight for further studies to define the optimal management of pterygium.
Contributing Factors in Violent Youth Behaviour: A Study in the Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Ramakulukusha Tshilidzi O. , Babalola Sunday S. , Mashau Ntsieni S. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Violent behaviour in youth is regarded as a significant public health problem associated with severe physical and psychological consequences. Despite the availability of rehabilitation programmes rendered at child and youth care centres (CYCC's) in the Limpopo Province, South Africa, there is an escalation and repetition of violent behaviours among the youth due to some underlying socio-economic factors.

Objective:
The study sought to explore and describe the factors contributing to violent behaviours among the youth.

Methods:
A qualitative, explorative, and descriptive research design was used. A non-probability, purposive sampling method was used to select participants in this study. The study population consisted of youth, from the age of 15-20 years old, who were admitted to the child and youth care centres due to violent behaviours. Focus group discussions and in-depth individual interviews were used to collect data from participants. A semi-structured interview guide and focus group discussion guide were used to collect data until data saturation which occurred after interviewing 48 participants. Data were analysed following Tesch’s open code data analysis technique. Measures to ensure trustworthiness and ethical principles were adhered to.

Results:
Two themes emerged from the analysed data, namely, the socio-economic factors contributing to violent behaviours among the youth in CYCCs and the effectiveness of rehabilitation programmes for violent youth behaviours in CYCCs. Eight sub-themes were derived from the two main themes. The home environment, the influence of delinquent peers, availability, and misuse of drugs and alcohol were most cited as the factors contributing to violent behaviours among the youth in CYCCs in the Limpopo Province. The study's findings revealed that youth had little knowledge of the impact that violent behaviour has on the victim, themselves, their families, and society.

Conclusion:
Rehabilitation programmes for violent behaviours among the youth will have better outcomes by involving the youth's family, especially the parents/guardians. Also, the child and youth care centres and youth violence policymakers need to emphasise family education as one of the most crucial violence prevention strategies in vulnerable youth.
Gospodarka odpadami Termiczne przekształcanie odpadów – spalarnie i współspalarnie
Authors: Siekierski Maciej , Majewska Karolina , Podsiadło Sławomir 
Published: January 2022

Gospodarka odpadami jest szeregiem procesów związanych z wytwarzaniem, zbieraniem i nadzorem odpadów, z czego kluczową rolę pełni ich przetwarzanie. Obejmuje także zagadnienia związane z postępowaniem z miejscami ich unieszkodliwienia. Obecnie, jest to jedno z najważniejszych zagadnień dotyczących współczesnej cywilizacji w związku z narastającym problemem zanieczyszczenia środowiska. Artykuł jest kolejnym z serii artykułów poświęconych gospodarce odpadami [Wieczorek, Siekierski 2020]. Celem artykułu jest przekazanie obiektywnych informacji dotyczących termicznego przekształcania odpadów, wokół którego narosło szereg mitów dotyczących zarówno jego zalet, jak i szkodliwości dla środowiska. Jest to szczególna metoda przetwarzania odpadów, bo może polegać zarówno na ich unieszkodliwianiu, jak i odzysku. Termiczne przekształcanie odpadów odbywa się przede wszystkim w spalarniach, jak również we współspalarniach, którymi mogą być oprócz specjalnie zaprojektowanych do tego celu instalacji dedykowanych, czyli takich, których jedynym przedmiotem działania jest termiczne przekształcanie odpadów np. poprzez ich spalanie, także i takie instalacje przemysłowe, które już wcześniej zainstalowane zostały w zakładach przemysłowych o zupełnie innym profilu, np. w cementowniach, elektrowniach i elektrociepłowniach. W jednym z kolejnych z cyklu artykułów zostaną również przedstawione należące do tej samej grupy procesów termicznych metody utylizacji odpadów z wykorzystaniem technologii plazmowych. Interesujące porównanie tych trzech technologii można znaleźć w pracy opublikowanej w 2018 r. w czasopiśmie Rynek Energii [Rajca, Zajemska 2018]. Nie jest zamiarem autorów lobbowanie za jakąkolwiek metodą termicznego przekształcania odpadów.
App-Based Relaxation Exercises for Patients With Chronic Neck Pain: Pragmatic Randomized Trial
Authors: Pach Daniel , Blödt Susanne , Wang Jiani , Keller Theresa , Bergmann Beatrice , Rogge Alizé A , Barth Jürgen , Icke Katja , Roll Stephanie , Witt Claudia M 
Published: January 2022

Background
Chronic neck pain is a highly prevalent condition. Learning a relaxation technique is recommended by numerous guidelines for chronic neck pain. Smartphone apps can provide relaxation exercises; however, their effectiveness, especially in a self-care setting, is unclear.

Objective
The aim of this pragmatic randomized trial is to evaluate whether app-based relaxation exercises, including audio-based autogenic training, mindfulness meditation, or guided imagery, are more effective in reducing chronic neck pain than usual care alone.

Methods
Smartphone owners aged 18 to 65 years with chronic (>12 weeks) neck pain and the previous week’s average neck pain intensity ≥4 on the Numeric Rating Scale (0=no pain to 10=worst possible pain) were randomized into either an intervention group to practice app-based relaxation exercises or a control group (usual care and app for data entry only). For both groups, the follow-up data were collected using app-based diaries and questionnaires. The primary outcome was the mean neck pain intensity during the first 3 months based on daily measurements. Secondary outcomes included neck pain based on weekly measurements, pain acceptance, neck pain–related stress, sick-leave days, pain medication intake, and adherence, which were all measured until the 6-month follow-up. For the primary analysis, analysis of covariance adjusted for baseline neck pain intensity was used.

Results
We screened 748 participants and enrolled 220 participants (mean age 38.9, SD 11.3 years; mean baseline neck pain 5.7, SD 1.3 points). The mean neck pain intensity in both groups decreased over 3 months; however, no statistically significant difference between the groups was found (intervention: 4.1 points, 95% CI 3.8-4.4; control: 3.8 points, 95% CI 3.5-4.1; group difference: 0.3 points, 95% CI −0.2 to 0.7; P=.23). In addition, no statistically significant between-group differences regarding neck pain intensity after 6 months, responder rate, pain acceptance, pain medication intake, or sick-leave days were observed. There were no serious adverse events that were considered related to the trial intervention. In week 12, only 40% (44/110) of the participants in the intervention group continued to practice the exercises with the app.

Conclusions
The study app did not effectively reduce chronic neck pain or keep the participants engaged in exercising in a self-care setting. Future studies on app-based relaxation interventions should take into account the most recent scientific findings for behavior change techniques.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02019134; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02019134

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.1186/1745-6215-15-490
Implementation and Evaluation of a Digitally Enabled Precision Public Health Intervention to Reduce Inappropriate Gabapentinoid Prescription: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Andrade Andre Q , Calabretto Jean-Pierre , Pratt Nicole L , Kalisch-Ellett Lisa M , Kassie Gizat M , LeBlanc Vanessa T , Ramsay Emmae , Roughead Elizabeth E 
Published: January 2022

Background
Digital technologies can enable rapid targeted delivery of audit and feedback interventions at scale. Few studies have evaluated how mode of delivery affects clinical professional behavior change and none have assessed the feasibility of such an initiative at a national scale.

Objective
The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the effect of audit and feedback by digital versus postal (letter) mode of delivery on primary care physician behavior.

Methods
This study was developed as part of the Veterans’ Medicines Advice and Therapeutics Education Services (MATES) program, an intervention funded by the Australian Government Department of Veterans’ Affairs that provides targeted education and patient-specific audit with feedback to Australian general practitioners, as well as educational material to veterans and other health professionals. We performed a cluster randomized controlled trial of a multifaceted intervention to reduce inappropriate gabapentinoid prescription, comparing digital and postal mode of delivery. All veteran patients targeted also received an educational intervention (postal delivery). Efficacy was measured using a linear mixed-effects model as the average number of gabapentinoid prescriptions standardized by defined daily dose (individual level), and number of veterans visiting a psychologist in the 6 and 12 months following the intervention.

Results
The trial involved 2552 general practitioners in Australia and took place in March 2020. Both intervention groups had a significant reduction in total gabapentinoid prescription by the end of the study period (digital: mean reduction of 11.2%, P=.004; postal: mean reduction of 11.2%, P=.001). We found no difference between digital and postal mode of delivery in reduction of gabapentinoid prescriptions at 12 months (digital: –0.058, postal: –0.058, P=.98). Digital delivery increased initiations to psychologists at 12 months (digital: 3.8%, postal: 2.0%, P=.02).

Conclusions
Our digitally delivered professional behavior change intervention was feasible, had comparable effectiveness to the postal intervention with regard to changes in medicine use, and had increased effectiveness with regard to referrals to a psychologist. Given the logistical benefits of digital delivery in nationwide programs, the results encourage exploration of this mode in future interventions.
Analisis pengaruh tingkat suku bunga, kredit macet dan capital adequacy ratio (CAR) terhadap penyaluran kredit modal kerja Bank Umum di Indonesia
Authors: Nurjanah Rahma , Arida Nurul 
Published: January 2022

This study aims to determine and analyze interest rates on credit, bad credit, CAR, and lending to commercial banks in Indonesia. In addition, it is also to study the effect of lending rates, bad credit, and CAR on commercial bank lending in Indonesia in 2010-2018. The analytical method used in this research is descriptive quantitative. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis tools. The results of this study indicate that the interest rate, bad credit, and CAR variables simultaneously influence lending. Partially the interest rate variable has a negative and significant effect on lending. The non-performing loan variable has a negative and significant impact on credit distribution. The variable CAR has a positive and significant impact on lending.
Keywords: Landing, The Interest rate on loans, Bad loans, CAR
Identificación de los sistemas de suministro y disposición del agua en una comunidad rural
Authors: Morales Laura , Trujillo-González Juan M. , Torres-Mora Marco A. 
Published: January 2022

Contextualización: El agua es el recurso natural de mayor importancia. No obstante, su aprovechamiento es limitado, ya que sólo el 1% del agua del planeta es potencialmente apto para el consumo humano. En áreas rurales los sistemas de abastecimiento y conducción de aguas residuales pueden ser considerados artesanales o rudimentarios, lo cual no garantiza el flujo constante del recurso ni la calidad óptima para el consumo humano. Además, tiene efectos negativos para la salud pública y genera afectación a los recursos naturales.
Vacío de conocimiento: En este sentido, este tipo de trabajos cobran importancia al describir los mecanismos asociados al recurso hídrico con los que cuentan las comunidades rurales, para que esta información, a su vez, contribuya en la formulación de propuestas desde los grupos de interés.
Propósito: El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo principal identificar los sistemas de abastecimiento de agua y sistemas de disposición de aguas residuales de la comunidad rural de la vereda Barcelona, en el municipio de Villavicencio (Meta).
Metodología: La información analizada se obtuvo por medio de encuestas semiestructuradas que fueron realizadas de manera aleatoria en distintos sectores de la vereda.
Resultados y conclusiones: Entre los principales resultados se encontró que la comunidad se abastece de agua por medio de aljibes (100 %) y realiza la disposición de aguas residuales mediante cuatro sistemas: pozo séptico propio (44 %); pozo séptico comunitario (20 %); pozo séptico propio y campo abierto (28 %); pozo séptico comunitario y campo abierto (8 %). Adicionalmente, la percepción de la calidad del agua varío de acuerdo con el género. El 100 % de las mujeres identificaron como de baja calidad el agua para consumo humano, y en razón de esto se abastecen de fuentes seguras para su consumo y preparación de alimentos; mientras que los hombres la identificaron como regular y el 37% la consumen directamente. Finalmente, se evidenció que el actual mecanismo de limpieza de los sistemas de disposición de aguas residuales puede convertirse en un factor de riesgo de contaminación y afectación a la salud pública.
Forraje verde hidropónico y organopónico de maíz como suplemento nutricional para ovinos del Piedemonte Amazónico
Authors: Narvaez Herrera Juan Pablo , Guerrero Guerrero Elizabeth Marcela 
Published: January 2022

Contextualización: Los rumiantes tienen una ventaja comparativa con relación a otras especies, gracias a la capacidad de digerir las fracciones de la fibra presente en los forrajes.

Vacío de conocimiento: En regiones tropicales, debido a las condiciones medioambientales cambiantes, se hace más difícil la producción de pasturas de alta calidad nutricional, derivando así en una estacionalidad forrajera. Esto conlleva a que sea necesaria la suplementación con alimentos comerciales para los animales, lo que incrementa los costos de producción.
Propósito del estudio: Evaluar el efecto de la suplementación con forraje verde hidropónico (FVH) y forraje verde organopónico (FVO) de maíz sobre el rendimiento productivo de ovinos en fase de levante, en el piedemonte amazónico del Departamento del Putumayo.

Metodología: Se utilizaron 12 corderos Dorper enteros con edad de 90 días y peso 14.62 kg, los cuales se distribuyeron para la aplicación de tres tratamientos consistentes en: T0: dieta base (DB), T1: forraje verde hidropónico (FVH) y T2: forraje verde organopónico (FVO). Se evaluó la ganancia de peso total (GPT), ganancia diaria de peso (GDP), consumo total de alimento (CTA), conversión alimenticia (CA) y eficiencia alimenticia (EA) durante un periodo de suplementación de 45 días. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar. Los datos se analizaron mediante análisis de varianza y las medias fueron separadas mediante la prueba de Tukey con un nivel de significancia de (p < 0.05).

Resultados y conclusiones: Se encontraron diferencias (p < 0.05) en la GPT 3.66 kg (T1), 3.61 kg (T2) y 2.35 kg (T0); de igual manera para la GDP 81.39 g (T1), 80.30 g (T2) y 52.22 g (T0); para el CTA 1.33 kg (T1), 1.27 kg (T2) y 1.05 kg (T0); la CA se estimó para el T1 en 3.23, 3.27 en T2 y 5.13 en T0; y la EA fue de 0.063 (T1), 0.061 (T2) y 0.050 (T0), evidenciando la influencia del tipo de dieta utilizada. La implementación de FVH y FVO se convierte en una alternativa viable de suplementación en los sistemas de producción de ovinos, en los que las condiciones medioambientales hacen difícil el cultivo de forrajes para pastoreo. Se concluye que la inclusión del 30 % de FVH de maíz en la dieta de ovinos en crecimiento mejora su rendimiento productivo.
ABC Cost Driver Framing and Altering the Balance of Power in Customer-Supplier Negotiations
Authors: Chang Linda J. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
This study examines how activity-based costing (ABC) cost driver framing affects suppliers' ability to increase their bargaining power when negotiating with powerful customers. Results of an experiment show that suppliers with the potential to contribute to increasing joint profits (high contribution potential) earn a higher share of joint profits than suppliers with low contribution potential. High contribution potential suppliers have higher bargaining power because of their ability to increase customers' dependence on negotiated agreements. However, the advantage of having high contribution potential is reduced when suppliers are provided with externally framed cost drivers (costs represented as being driven by customers' activities) instead of internally framed cost drivers (costs represented as being driven by suppliers' activities). Analyses of negotiators' behavior show that suppliers with high contribution potential and internally framed cost drivers use more integrative tactics to increase joint profits, allowing them to earn higher shares of joint profits.
Trends in Glycemic Control Among Youth and Young Adults With Diabetes: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study
Authors: Malik Faisal S. , Sauder Katherine A. , Isom Scott , Reboussin Beth A. , Dabelea Dana , Lawrence Jean M. , Roberts Alissa , Mayer-Davis Elizabeth J. , Marcovina Santica , Dolan Lawrence , Igudesman Daria , Pihoker Catherine 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE
To describe temporal trends and correlates of glycemic control in youth and young adults (YYA) with youth-onset diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The study included 6,369 participants with type 1 or type 2 diabetes from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study. Participant visit data were categorized into time periods of 2002–2007, 2008–2013, and 2014–2019, diabetes durations of 1–4, 5–9, and ≥10 years, and age groups of 1–9, 10–14, 15–19, 20–24, and ≥25 years. Participants contributed one randomly selected data point to each duration and age group per time period. Multivariable regression models were used to test differences in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) over time by diabetes type. Models were adjusted for site, age, sex, race/ethnicity, household income, health insurance status, insulin regimen, and diabetes duration, overall and stratified for each diabetes duration and age group.

RESULTS
Adjusted mean HbA1c for the 2014–2019 cohort of YYA with type 1 diabetes was 8.8 ± 0.04%. YYA with type 1 diabetes in the 10–14-, 15–19-, and 20–24-year-old age groups from the 2014–2019 cohort had worse glycemic control than the 2002–2007 cohort. Race/ethnicity, household income, and treatment regimen predicted differences in glycemic control in participants with type 1 diabetes from the 2014–2019 cohort. Adjusted mean HbA1c was 8.6 ± 0.12% for 2014–2019 YYA with type 2 diabetes. Participants aged ≥25 years with type 2 diabetes had worse glycemic control relative to the 2008–2013 cohort. Only treatment regimen was associated with differences in glycemic control in participants with type 2 diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS
Despite advances in diabetes technologies, medications, and dissemination of more aggressive glycemic targets, many current YYA are less likely to achieve desired glycemic control relative to earlier cohorts.