bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity of RNA viruses of three dominant tick species in North China
Authors: Qin Tong , Shi Mingjie , Zhang Meina , Liu Zhitong , Sun Yi , Yi Sun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
[Background] A wide range of bacterial pathogens have been identified in ticks, yet the diversity of viruses in ticks is largely unexplored.[Methods] Here, we used metagenomics sequencing to characterize the diverse virome in these three species, Haemaphysalis concinna, Dermacentor silvarum, and Ixodes persulcatus, the principal tick species associated with pathogens transmitted in North China.[Results] A total of 28 RNA viruses were identified and belonged to more than 12 viral families, including single strand positive sense RNA virus (Flaviviridae, Picornaviridae, Luteoviridae, Solemoviridae and Tetravirus), negative sense RNA virus (Mononegavirales，Bunyavirales and others) and double strand RNA virus (Totiviridae, Partitiviridae). Of them, Dermacentor pestivirus like virus, Chimay like rhabdovirus, taiga tick Nigecruvirus, Mukava virus are presented as novel viral species, Nuomin virus, Scapularis ixovirus, Sara tick borne phlebovirus, Tacheng uukuvirus, Beiji orthonariovirus had been established as human pathogens with undetermined natural circulation and pathogenicity. Others virus including Norway mononegavirus 1, Jilin partitivirus, tick borne tetravirus, Pico-like virus, luteo-like virus 2, luteo-like virus 3,Vovk virus, Levivirus and others Toti-like virus and Solemo-like virus involved with unknown pathogenicity to human and wild animals. [Conclusion] Extensive diverse of viruses frequently occur in two orders of Mononegavirales and Bunyavirales in the three tick species. Comparatively, I. persulcatus ticks had significant higher viral species than those in H. concinna and D. silvarum ticks. Our analysis revealed that ticks are reservoirs for a wide range of viruses and suggests that discovery and characterization of tick borne viruses will have implications for viral taxonomy and may provide insight into tick-transmitted viral zoonotic diseases.
Does replacing chemical fertilizer with ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) mitigate CH4 and N2O emissions and reduce global warming potential from paddy soil?
Authors: Yang Wei , Yao Lai , Ji Xueru , Zhu Mengzhen , Li Chengwei , Li Shaoqiu , Wang Bin , Liu Zhangyong , Zhu Bo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
(Purpose)The incorporation of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.; RG), a winter grass manure, could partly replace chemical N and reduce N loss during the succeeding rice seasons, but little is known about its impact on greenhouse gas emission. This study investigated the effect of different RG-urea substitution ratios (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) on C and N release, CH4 and N2O emissions in a paddy soil. (Methods)Gas samples for CH4 and N2O fluxes measurement were collected by using a closed chamber and determined by chromatograph method. C and N release from the incorporated RG residue were tested by a mesh bag method.(Results)C and N release from RG followed a single exponential decay model, with 95.5%-97.8% of the original C and 98.7%-99.3% of N released during 192 days. RG-urea substitution ratio increased CH4 emission, but was negatively correlated with N2O emission. In comparison with 0% substitution, global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) were not significantly different for the 25% and 50% RG substitutions, but were significantly higher for the 75% and 100% substitutions (P<0.05). Soil redox, C and N remaining in litter residue were key characteristics explaining CH4 emission, while NH4+-N and NO3--N concentrations were correlated with the variation of N2O emission.(Conclusion)The increased CH4 emission by RG incorporation could be offset by the reduced N2O emission when RG-urea substitution ratio was 50% or less.
Assessment of phytosanitary practices on the environment: Case study potato of Loukkos (North-West Morocco)
Authors: Abbou Mohamed , Chabbi Mohamed , Benicha Mohamed 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Loukkos perimeter is among the most important irrigated agricultural areas in Morocco. It covers horticulture and market garden production, including potato. This crop is characterized by the intensive use of pesticides that could lead to health and ecological risks, via the food chain and contamination of natural resources, including groundwater. This study aims to assess the use of pesticides in potato cultivation and their impacts on the environment and human health. Here, pesticide use was characterized by the number of treatments (NT), quantity of active substances indicator (QASI) and the treatment frequency indicator (TFI), through field surveys carried out on 50 Loukkos potato producers. The results showed that farmers use heavy pesticide treatments, mainly against late blight. We determined NT = 19 treatments, total TFI = 28.10 and QASI = 14.86 kg/ha. These values reflect a massive use of pesticides on this crop, which could therefore constitute a challenge and a major constraint for the development of sustainable agriculture in this zone, due to their negative environmental and health effects. It is, therefore, necessary to react quickly to make changes in phytosanitary practices with the aim to monitoring pesticide use via the agro-environmental indicators to reduce health and environmental impact of intensive pesticide use.
Non-thermal plasma synthesis of supported Cu-Mn-Ce mixed oxides catalyst towards highly improved catalytic performance for volatile organic compounds oxidation
Authors: Ye Chen , Fang Tingwei , Long Xinyi , Wang Hui , Chen Shao , Zhou Jie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Compared with that of the transition metal mixed oxides pellet catalyst, the catalytic activity of the supported mixed oxides catalyst was significantly reduced, which was limited in practical industrial applications. In this work, supported Cu-Mn-Ce mixed oxides catalysts were prepared by non-thermal plasma. Catalyst characterization result demonstrated that plasma treatment could promote the proportion of oxygen vacancy and enhance the adsorption of VOCs on the surface of catalyst. Meanwhile, plasma treatment process exerted a slight influence on the pore structure and morphological property of the catalyst. Consequently, CMC/SiO2–P exhibited much higher catalytic activity than CMC/SiO2 prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method. The 15%CMC/SiO2–P catalyst even exhibited a high catalytic activity comparable to that of the supported noble-metal catalyst for the oxidation of the inert hexane. This work provided a novel method for the preparation of the supported transition metal mixed oxides catalyst.
Spectral control of nonclassical light pulses using an integrated thin-film lithium niobate modulator
Authors: Zhu Di , Chen Changchen , Yu Mengjie , Shao Linbo , Hu Yaowen , Xin C. J. , Yeh Matthew , Ghosh Soumya , He Lingyan , Reimer Christian , Sinclair Neil , Wong Franco , Zhang Mian , Lončar Marko 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Manipulating the frequency and bandwidth of nonclassical light is essential for implementing frequency-encoded/multiplexed quantum computation, communication, and networking protocols, and for bridging spectral mismatch among various quantum systems. However, quantum spectral control requires a strong nonlinearity mediated by light, microwave, or acoustics, which is challenging to realize with high efficiency, low noise, and on an integrated chip. Here, we demonstrate both frequency shifting and bandwidth compression of heralded single-photon pulses using an integrated thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) phase modulator. We achieve record-high electro-optic frequency shearing of telecom single photons over terahertz range (± 641 GHz or ± 5.2 nm), enabling high visibility quantum interference between frequency-nondegenerate photon pairs. We further operate the modulator as a time lens and demonstrate over eighteen-fold (6.55 nm to 0.35 nm) bandwidth compression of single photons. Our results showcase the viability and promise of on-chip quantum spectral control for scalable photonic quantum information processing.
Impacts of Metabolic Disorders on short- and long-term mortality after coronary artery surgery in the elderly
Authors: Fan Yuhong , Liu Jingjing , Jin Lei , Liu Zhonghe , Han Lixiang , Wang Yue , Zhang Yangyang , Shen Peiming , Li Zhi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Elderly patients undergoing cardiac operation often suffer various metabolic comorbidities, such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity. The metabolic disorders in these individuals are widely considered to be possible predisposing factors for unfavourable prognosis. This retrospective study is aimed to determine the association of metabolic diseases with the mortality of elderly patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and to identify the protective or risk factors related to their short- and long-term survival.Methods: Totally 684 patients aged 75 years or above undergoing isolated CABG were evaluated retrospectively. There were two groups depending on the body mass index (BMI): an overweight and obesity group (n=354) and a normal weight and lean group (n=330). Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to adjust baseline clinical characteristics, which reduced confounding bias. The short-term postoperative mortality was tested via lo­gistic regression. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were done to compute the overall survival in each group and to identify relevant variables associated with all-cause mortality, respectively.Results: The prevalence rates of metabolic comorbidities in the total cohort were: diabetes mellitus (32.5%), overweight or obesity (51.8%) and hypertension (72.8%). The 30-day postoperative mortality was 5.1% and the long-term mortality was 15.25% at a median 46.2-month follow-up (1.0-178.6 months). The 30-day postoperative mortality was relevant to DM, diseased coronary arteries, New York Heart Association class, intra-aortic balloon pump and emergency surgery. The long-term mortality was negatively associated with overweight and obesity. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression recognized DM as an adverse factor related with 30-day postoperative mortality whether before or after PSM. The long-term mortality was not significantly relevant with DM (HR=0.753, 95%CI 0.402-1.411). Overweight or obesity was not the risk factor of 30-day postoperative mortality (OR=1.284, 95%CI 0.426-3.868), but was the protective factor of long-term survival (HR=0.512, 95%CI 0.279-0.939). Conclusions: The “obesity paradox” exists regarding the prognosis of individuals aged ≥75, which is presented as lower long-term mortality no matter from all cause or cardio-cerebrovascular cause in patients with BMI>24. Trial registration: ChiCTR2200061869 (05/07/2022)
A soft supernumerary hand for rehabilitation in sub-acute stroke: a pilot study
Authors: Trompetto Carlo , Catalano Manuel G. , Farina Alessandro , Grioli Giorgio , Mori Laura , Ciullo Andrea , Pittaluga Matteo , Rossero Martina , Puce Luca , Bicchi Antonio 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In stroke patients, task-specific training has been shown to accelerate functional recovery of the upper limb. It is based on repetitive and intensive goal-directed motor tasks, including grasping and releasing objects. In the subacute phase of stroke, several patients do not have active finger extension. Although many of them retain the ability to voluntarily activate finger flexors, spasticity often appears in these muscles. In these patients, the incapability of voluntarily activate finger extensors and the concern to worsen spasticity through the voluntary activation of finger flexors limit the applicability of task-specific training. Twenty-seven sub-acute patients, in whom task-specific training cannot be applied due to weakness of finger extensors, were screened for applicability of a novel technique using a supernumerary aesthetically and functionally anthropomorphic, soft robotic hand (SoftHand-X). Four patients were able to use the residual movement of their paretic hands to drive the robotic hand and undergo a task-specific training. All 4 subjects presented a remarkable recovery of upper limb function. No worsening of spasticity was observed in the immediacy of the therapy, nor in a 1-year follow up. Based on this small-scale pilot, we observe that the proposed SoftHand-X-based rehabilitation technique for task-specific training in sub-acute stroke patients is feasible and does not present adverse effects of developing severe spasticity. The results indicate ways of modifying the protocol to enlarge inclusion criteria and vouch for a larger scale experimental evaluation.
Clinical outcomes of colon endoscopic submucosal dissection for colonic neoplasms: A single center experience in South Taiwan
Authors: Ko Chen Yu , Yao Chih-Chien , Li Yu-Chi , Lu Lung-Sheng , Chou Yeh-Pin , Hu Ming-Luen , Chiu Yi-Chun , Chuah Seng-Kee , Tai Wei-Chen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an advanced procedure for removal of colorectal lesions with highly suspicion of limited submucosal invasion or cannot be optimally removed by snare-based techniques. To analyze the clinical outcomes of colonic ESD, we retrospectively enrolled 230 patients with 244 colonic neoplasms, who received ESD procedure from April 2012 to October 2020 at Kaohsiung Chang Gung memorial hospital. The average age was 64 years old with mean follow-up times 22.59 months. 34 lesions were loss of follow-up. Most lesions were lateral spreading tumor with non-granular type. The average ESD time was 51.9 minutes. 9 cases had procedure-related complications, including 2 intra-procedure perforations and 7 delayed bleeding without procedure-related mortality. 241 lesions (98.8%) achieved En-bloc resection while 207 lesions (84.8%) achieved R0 resection. Most lesion was tubulo-(villous) adenoma. Malignancy included 35 adenocarcinoma and 5 NET. No local recurrence was developed during follow-up. Multivariate analysis for long ESD time revealed significance in size ≥ 10 cm2 and endoscopist experience < 3 years. Pre-ESD EUS revealed good prediction in discrimination of mucosal (Sensitivity: 0.90) and submucosal lesion (Specificity: 0.67).
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Groundwater Resources Sustainability in South Asia and China using GLDAS Datasets
Authors: Ali Zulfiqar , Hamed Mohammed Magdy , Nashwan Mohamed Salem , Shahid Shamsuddin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Increasing water consumption and climate change are putting countries all over the world at risk of running out of water supply. The provision of groundwater helped reduce global food scarcity, but overexploitation resulted in the depletion of groundwater resources in many regions worldwide. In this study, the concept of reliability, resiliency and vulnerability has been applied to determine the spatial distribution of sustainability in groundwater resources over the intensive groundwater irrigated region of South Asia and China. The satellite-based Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) data of groundwater storage for 2003‒2020 were acquired and used for this reason. The findings showed a decrease in groundwater storage in Northern China, Western India, and Eastern Pakistan, with the highest declination rate in western India by -50 to -200 mm per decade. The groundwater reliability, resiliency and vulnerability were noticed to decrease in some regions of the study area, with the highest decrease in west India by -0.2 to -0.3 per decade. This caused a decrease in groundwater sustainability in the area at a rate of -0.1 to -0.3 per decade. The reduction in groundwater sustainability in western India may be due to intensive groundwater abstraction in those regions.
Seed priming with selenium nanoparticle and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria improve seedling development of foxtail millet (Setaria italica) under salinity stress
Authors: Nasibi Fatemeh , Aminian Fatemeh , Mohammadinejad Ghasem , Hassanshahian Mehdi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Much research has been carried out in agriculture and physiology to minimize the adverse effects of salinity on crops. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of selenium nanoparticles and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPRs) pretreatment on increasing the resistance of foxtail millet to salinity stress. Experimental treatments consisted of selenium nanoparticles at a concentration of 1 mg L-1, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas fluorescens and three different levels of saline solution with concentrations of 0, 100 and 200mM sodium chloride. In this study, foxmillet seeds were primming with solutions of selenium nanoparticles, a variety of bacteria and a mixture of both, and then the pretreated seeds were planted in pots and after two weeks were affected by salinity stress. After 10 days of salinity stress, plants were harvested for analysis. The results of measuring the growth, biochemical and physiological parameters of this study showed that soaking millet seeds in a solution of selenium nanoparticles can increase the plant's ability to cope with salinity stress by increasing photosynthetic pigments, compatible solutes, reducing oxidative stress, protecting the cell membrane and reducing sodium uptake, and it has more effects in the presence of PGPRs bacteria (such as Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas fluorescens). Therefore, it is suggested that these two biostimulators be used together for greater effects. In addition, since most of the positive functions of these bacteria were not affected by salinity stress, so this type of bacteria can be used with selenium in saline soils.
Naïve, uninformed and sexually abused: circumstances surrounding adolescent pregnancies in Malawi
Authors: Chamdimba Elita , Kabiru Caroline W. , Ushie Boniface Ayanbekongshie , Munthali Alister , Thakwalakwa Chrissie , Ajayi Anthony Idowu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Pregnancy and childbearing in adolescence could negatively affect girls’ health and socio-economic wellbeing across the life course. Previous studies on drivers of adolescent pregnancy in Africa have not fully considered the perspectives of parents/guardians vis-à-vis pregnant and parenting adolescents. Our study addresses this gap by examining pregnant and parenting adolescents’ and parents/guardians’ narratives about factors associated with early and unintended pregnancy.Methodology: The explorative study draws on qualitative data collected as part of a mixed-methods cross-sectional survey on the lived experiences of pregnant and parenting adolescents. Data were collected between March and May 2021 in Blantyre, Malawi, using semi-structured interview guides. We interviewed 18 pregnant and parenting adolescent girls, 10 parenting adolescent boys, and 16 parents/guardians of pregnant and parenting adolescents. Recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim into the English language by bilingual transcribers. We used the inductive-thematic analytical approach to summarize the data. Findings: The data revealed several interconnected and structural reasons for adolescents’ vulnerability to early and unintended pregnancy. These include adolescents’ limited knowledge and access to contraceptives, poverty, sexual violence, school dropout, COVID-19 school closures, and being young and naively engaging in unprotected sex. While some parents agreed that poverty and school dropout or COVID-19 related school closure could lead to early pregnancies, most considered stubbornness, failure to adhere to abstinence advice and peer influence as responsible for adolescent pregnancies.Conclusion Our findings contribute to the evidence on the continued vulnerability of girls to unintended pregnancy. It highlights how parents and adolescents hold different views on reasons for early and unintended pregnancy, and document how divergent views between girls and their parents contribute to the lack of progress in reducing adolescent childbearing. Based on these findings, preventing unplanned pregnancies will require altering community attitudes about young people’s use of contraceptives and engaging parents, education sector, civil society organizations and community and religious leaders to develop comprehensive sexuality education programme to empower in- and out-of school adolescents.
Proposing an ITC vandalized Threshold Voltage Divergence Model for short channel Omega Gate MOSFET using a partial 3-D Environment
Authors: Swami Yashu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We present an interface-trapped-charge (ITC) vandalized threshold voltage (VTH) divergence model for omega-gate (Ω-G) MOSFETs using a partial 3-D scaling equation. To account the impact, the model comprises the equivalent number of gates, gate dielectric and silicon film thickness, channel limitations. The impacts of analogous oxide charges on the flat-band voltage are also examined for short-channel-free operation. A thin gate oxide is essential to prevent VTH value divergence caused by the ITC charges. The ITC vandalized device with a thick silicon sheet is altered with wee VTH value variations caused by trapped charges but rapidly increases in the thin silicon sheet device. We can reduce the VTH value by changing the value of oxide-to-gate underlap coverage factor (OUCF). Large underlap coverage factor value is desirable for positive trapped charges and small value for negative trapped charges. A damaged device with negative trapped charges performs better in short-channel conditions than one with positive trapped charges. Due to its 3-D nature, the proposed model may be efficiently used to investigate the VTH behavior and the device operating characteristics of omega-gate (Ω-G) MOSFET. It may also be competently used in device memory cell applications. Hence, the proposed model provides a deep understanding of device physics along with its computational ability, effectiveness and simplicity.
Topochemical Synthesis of Iridium Oxide Nanoribbons with Monoclinic Phase for Highly Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Liao Fan , Yin Kui , Shao Qi , Zhu Wenxiang , Ji Yujin , Fan Zhenglong , Li Youyong , Zhong Jun , Kang Zhenhui , shao mingwang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Metastable metallene oxides with ribbon morphology possess promising applications, however, are largely restricted by their limited synthesis method. Here a new metallene oxide, monoclinic phase iridium oxide nanoribbon (IrO2NR), with the space group of C2/m is successfully obtained, which is totally different from that of the stable tetragonal phase (P42/mnm). The molten-alkali mechanochemical method provides a unique platform to achieve this layered nanoribbon structure via the topochemical conversion evolving from the monoclinic phase K0.25IrO2 (I2/m (12) precursor. The formation mechanism of IrO2NR is clearly illuminated with its further conversion to IrO2 nanosheet with trigonal phase. When applied in the acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the intrinsic catalytic activity of IrO2NR is much higher than that of the tetragonal phase IrO2 due to the low d band center of Ir in such a new monoclinic phase structure as confirmed by density functional theory calculation.