bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Situation Awareness Measurement in Pedestrian Environments: A Comparison between Freeze-probing and Realtime-probing technique
Authors: Akbar Gilang Hamzah , Wijayanto Titis , Hartono Budi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pedestrian safety is affected by their environment. Reduced pedestrian awareness is generally due to walking being an activity repeatedly every day. Situation Awareness (SA) measurements can evaluate a pedestrian's ability to handle environmental situations. This refers to the importance of knowing the SA of pedestrians using effective measurement methods. This study aims to evaluate methods of measuring SA based on the effectiveness of its measure in a pedestrian environment by comparing the freeze-probing and real-time-probing techniques. Participants were eleven pedestrians (seven male) with an average age of 22 (SD ± 1.3) years old and walking habits for 15 (SD ± 8.5) minutes/day. Participants watched a video of a pedestrian walking on a treadmill with three speed levels. SA was measured by freeze and realtime-probing in different scenarios. Performance was determined based on verbal protocol. The realtime-probing has better sensitivity, but it has more problems with intrusiveness. Based on the regression results between predictors in the form of SA scores and performance as dependent variables, this probe shows better predictive results at low workload conditions, which corresponds to the characteristics of the pedestrian domain. Based on its advantages, real-time-probing is considered more effective for SA measurement needs in pedestrian environments that tend to be simple, stable, and do not cause high workloads. An effective measurement method will result in an accurate measure of SA score that can be the basis for developing the concept of SA and designing new designs or procedures in the pedestrian environment.
Transformation field analysis and clustering discretization method in pyridynamic micromechanics of composites
Authors: Buryachenko Valeriy 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In contrast to the classical local theories, the peridynamic equation of motion introduced by Silling (J. Mech. Phys. Solids 2000; 48:175-–209) is free of any spatial derivatives of the displacement field. A thermoelastic composite materials (CMs) theory with nonlocal peridynamic properties of multiphase constituents of arbitrary geometry is analyzed for periodic structure CMs subjected to the volumetric periodic boundary conditions. Effective properties of peridynamic CM are expressed through the introduced micropolarization tensor averaged over the extended inclusion phase. Decompositions of material and field parameters are performed to analyze the fields produced by both mechanical and eigenfield loading. Transformation field analysis (TFA) and clustering discretization method (defining offline linear stage) adapted to the linear peridynamic micromechanics are proposed by the use of formal similarity of proposed methods with corresponding approaches of local micromechanics. Stress and displacement in each cluster are assumed to be constant and linear functions, respectively, even when a cluster is not a simply connected area in general. This fact greatly reduces the degree of freedom in the problem being considered. The clustering version of TFA for the homogenization of nonlinear peridynamics micromechanics is based on employing eigenstrains to account for inelastic displacements arising from material nonlinearity. The scheme of numerical solution of linear thermoelastic peridynamic problem and estimation of influence functions are presented.
Lamination of starch/polyesters by thermocompression for food packaging purposes
Authors: Arias Carla I. La Fuente , González-Martínez Chelo , Chiralt Amparo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Multilayer films were obtained by thermocompression to design laminates with better fit food packaging requirements. Films of glycerol-plasticised corn starch, both non-modified and modified by dry heating (DH) or PHBV layers containing 0, 10 or 20% PEG 1000 were combined with amorphous PLA sheets. Combinations of starch-PLA-PHBV tri-layers were also obtained and characterised as to their functional properties for the first time. The surface tension of the different polymer films was determined to estimate the adhesion work (Wa) of each polymer pair, which was compared to the experimental seal strength (SS). The analyses of the functional properties of the mono, bi- and tri-layers revealed a marked reduction in the water vapour permeability of starch films by DH modification while PEG weakened the strength of PHBV films and greatly increased their oxygen permeability. An overall improvement was observed in the functional properties of PLA-starch laminates with respect to the monolayers, although PLA-PHBV combinations and tri-layers did not offer great additional benefits as compared to the individual non-plasticised PHBV films. The interlayer migration of plasticisers, including the water present in starch films, altered the expected tensile and barrier properties of multilayers, which resulted in advanced materials with unique characteristics.
Groundwater Flow Algorithm: A Novel Hydro-geology based Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Guha Ritam , Ghosh Soulib , Ghosh Kushal Kanti , CUEVAS ERIK , Sarkar Ram 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A novel meta-heuristic nature-inspired optimization algorithm known as Groundwater Flow Algorithm (GWFA) is proposed in this paper. GWFA is inspired from the movement of groundwater from recharge areas to discharge areas. It follows a position update procedure guided by Darcy’s law which provides a mathematical framework of groundwater flow. The proposed optimization algorithm has been evaluated on 23 benchmark functions. The significance of the results is statistically validated using Wilcoxon rank-sum, Friedman and Kruskal Walis tests. To prove the robustness of the algorithm, it has been further applied on several standard engineering problems. From these exhaustive experiments, it has been observed that the proposed GWFA can outperform many state-of-the-art optimization algorithms.
Völkerrechtliche Grundlagen und Hürden für eine Einziehung russischer Gelder und wirtschaftlicher Ressourcen
Authors: Achermann Katja F. 
Published: September 2022

Nach dem völkerrechtswidrigen Angriff Russlands auf die Ukraine fordern Politiker die Einziehung eingefrorener russischer Gelder und wirtschaftlicher Ressourcen zwecks Vollstreckung der Wiedergutmachungsforderung der Ukraine gegen Russland. Dieser Beitrag situiert diese politische Forderung im Völkerrecht. Zunächst thematisiert er kurz die völkerrechtliche Verantwortlichkeit Russlands und die Wiedergutmachungsforderung der Ukraine als deren Rechtsfolge. Danach werden potenzielle völkerrechtliche Rechtsgrundlagen für eine solche Einziehung eruiert. Da diese wenig erfolgsversprechend scheinen, geht der Beitrag schliesslich auf völkerrechtliche Hürden beim Erlass einer entsprechenden Rechtsgrundlage zur Einziehung russischer Gelder und wirtschaftlicher Ressourcen auf nationaler Ebene ein. Neben Fragen der Immunität wären dabei insbesondere menschenrechtliche und investitionsschutzrechtliche Schranken zu beachten.
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Suite à l'invasion de l'Ukraine en violation du droit international, certains politiciens demandent la confiscation des fonds et des ressources économiques russes gelés afin d'exécuter la demande de réparation de l'Ukraine contre la Russie. Cet article situe cette demande politique dans le cadre du droit international. Il aborde tout d'abord brièvement la responsabilité de la Russie en droit international et la demande de réparation de l'Ukraine comme conséquence juridique. Il identifie ensuite les fondements qui pourraient permettre une telle confiscation. Comme ceux-ci semblent peu prometteurs, l'article aborde finalement les obstacles du droit international public à l'adoption d'une base juridique permettant la confiscation des fonds et des ressources économiques russes au niveau national. Outre les questions d'immunité, il convient notamment de tenir compte des limites imposées par les droits de l'homme et la protection des investissements.
Regional modeling of winter wheat yield and water productivity under water-saving irrigation scenarios
Authors: Ahmadi Seyed Hamid , Jorenush Mohammad Hadi , Boroomand Nasab Saeed 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Wheat is the major agricultural crop in Iran. Using reliable tools to estimate wheat grain yield may help the regional planners and stakeholders to employ proper cultivation approaches to increase grain yield in different regions. The process-based crop growth models are the essential analytical tools for representing the main interactions between the environment, crop, resources, and yield production. For these reasons, the crop growth models have been used as an important component in productive farming systems for assessing and improving the crop production at field and regional scales. In this study, the parameterized AquaCrop model was employed to simulate the four major elements that affect the crop growth process, such as soil water content, canopy cover, biomass, and grain yield, of three irrigated winter wheat cultivars. The field experiments were conducted in four locations with different climatic conditions in the south and southwest of Iran during three consecutive growing seasons of 2016–2017, 2017–2018, and 2018–2019. Results showed that AquaCrop had reliable simulation of soil water content with normalized root mean squared error (NRMSE) and Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient (CNS) ranging from 0.05 to 0.15 and 0.69 to 0.85, respectively, for the four study locations. The NRMSE and CNS ranged from 0.10 to 0.21 and 0.83 to 0.97 for canopy cover, respectively. The NRMSE and CNS values were 0.11–0.26 and 0.80–0.97 for biomass, respectively. These results indicate that the parameterized AquaCrop model has high skill in the simulation of soil water content, canopy cover, biomass, and grain yield of different winter wheat cultivars in the vast regions in the southern part of Iran. The model was then used to simulate wheat grain yield and irrigation water productivity (WP) for 324 scenarios, including nine sowing dates, three irrigation levels, and three climatic conditions. AquaCrop showed that it was skillful to simulate grain yield and WP of different irrigated winter wheat cultivars in different regional climatic conditions, deficit irrigation levels, and sowing dates. Overall, the AquaCrop model could be used as a reliable decision-making tool for the field managers and stakeholders.
Evaluating groundwater ponds for urban drinking water supply under uncertainty
Authors: Srđević Bojan , Srđević Zorica 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Emerging deficits of drinking water in urban distributive systems require the application of sophisticated methodologies for assessing sources of water and deriving required strategic decisions about future development and exploitation of these sources. If there are more urban groundwater ponds of fresh water, their prioritization may help in planning allocation of human, technical, organizational, and other resources. Multi-criteria analysis and optimization, as a part of the decision-making process, can help in achieving the tasks. The possible approach is to use the fuzzy version of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and tackle this uncertain and imprecise process. Fuzzified AHP can be combined with fine-tuning mechanisms which emulate the optimism-pessimism behavior of decision-maker(s) and simulate their attitudes towards risk. The fuzzy decision-making (FDM) approach is presented for the evaluation of three groundwater ponds for freshwater supply in the city of Novi Sad, Serbia. The complete problem hierarchy is treated and a parallel control mechanism, the standard (crisp) version of AHP, is employed to assure a more convenient and reliable environment during the judgments performed by the decision-maker. Results encourage further research in the subject area.The applicability of the approach is considered relevant to other uncertainty-related problems.
The Role of Laboratory Information System in Improving the Delivery of
Laboratory Services: A Recent Systematic Review
Authors: Alenazi Souad Marwan , Bugis Bussma Ahmed 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Recently, laboratory information systems (LISs) have become a necessity for every laboratory to improve the decision-making process and achieve better treatment and diagnostic results. By standardizing a laboratory's tests, procedures, and workflows, the software enables laboratories to improve patient care, reduce human error, and constructively lower operating costs. The implementation of a laboratory information system (LIS) has a multidimensional impact on improving the delivery of laboratory services.

Objectives:
The aim of this paper is to investigate how patient service can be improved by a laboratory information system.

Methods:
This paper is based on a review conducted by searching PubMed, Google Scholar, Saudi digital libraries and Research Gate for English language articles published from 2015 to 2021, and focused primarily on laboratory information system.

Results:
The literature searches yielded a total of 30 articles that were then initially screened based on the titles and abstracts. Seven articles were excluded because they did not primarily address LIMS for biosafety, automated verification of test results in the core clinical laboratory, clinical biochemistry, or the impact of health information technology on patient safety, or not written in English. The remaining 23 articles were then screened in full text.

Conclusion:
Advanced laboratory information systems may eliminate diagnostic errors in the preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical phases. In addition, they can incorporate genomic data at the analytical stage to generate useful reports for providers and patients.
A Comprehensive Insight on Recent Advancements in Self-emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Kadian Renu , Nanda Arun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:A large proportion of new chemical moieties are poorly water-soluble. As a result, the biggest challenge for researchers is to enhance the solubility and oral bioavailability of lipophilic drugs. Self-emulsifying systems offer immense potential for improving lipophilic drugs’ oral bioavailability and solubility through various mechanisms such as: inhibiting efflux transporters, absorption of the lipophilic drug through the lymphatic system, and bypassing hepatic first-pass metabolism. These systems dissolve hydrophobic drugs, allowing them to be delivered in a unit dose form for oral administration. Despite much potential, issues like stability, low drug loading, packaging, etc., are associated with the self-emulsifying technique. This review discusses conventional Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SEDDS), which deliver poorly water-soluble drugs. Recent advancements in self-emulsifying systems to solve the issues associated with conventional SEDDS are described exhaustively, including their methodologies and excipients utilized for preparation. The current article also furnishes a literature review on recent advancements in self-emulsifying systems. Recent advances in SEDDS are a great option for overcoming oral bioavailability, stability, and solubility issues of lipophilic drugs. Solid-self emulsifying system can be used to improve the stability of the formulation, hydrophobic ion-pairing for improving mucus permeation properties, while supersaturated self-emulsifying systems with a low concentration of surfactant to overcome issues such as precipitation of drug after dilution and gastrointestinal related side effects. The day will come when medicine companies will see the value of selfemulsifying system developments and adopt this technology for next-generation product releases.
Potential Applications for Growth Hormone Secretagogues Treatment of
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Meanti Ramona , Bresciani Elena , Rizzi Laura , Coco Silvia , Zambelli Vanessa , Dimitroulas Anna , Molteni Laura , Omeljaniuk Robert J. , Locatelli Vittorio , Torsello Antonio 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) arises from neuronal death due to complex interactions
of genetic, molecular, and environmental factors. Currently, only two drugs, riluzole and edaravone,
have been approved to slow the progression of this disease. However, ghrelin and other ligands of the
GHS-R1a receptor have demonstrated interesting neuroprotective activities that could be exploited in
this pathology. Ghrelin, a 28-amino acid hormone, primarily synthesized and secreted by oxyntic cells
in the stomach wall, binds to the pituitary GHS-R1a and stimulates GH secretion; in addition, ghrelin
is endowed with multiple extra endocrine bioactivities. Native ghrelin requires esterification with octanoic
acid for binding to the GHS-R1a receptor; however, this esterified form is very labile and represents
less than 10% of circulating ghrelin. A large number of synthetic compounds, the growth hormone
secretagogues (GHS) encompassing short peptides, peptoids, and non-peptidic moieties, are capable
of mimicking several biological activities of ghrelin, including stimulation of GH release, appetite,
and elevation of blood IGF-I levels. GHS have demonstrated neuroprotective and anticonvulsant
effects in experimental models of pathologies both in vitro and in vivo. To illustrate, some GHS, currently
under evaluation by regulatory agencies for the treatment of human cachexia, have a good safety
profile and are safe for human use. Collectively, evidence suggests that ghrelin and cognate GHS
may constitute potential therapies for ALS.
Preservatives in Pharmaceuticals: Are They Really Safe?
Authors: Kumar Mohit , Chopra Shruti , Mandal Uttam Kumar , Bhatia Amit 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
Preservatives are the ingredients that are utilized in order to improve the shelf life of
products (Medicines, food). These tend to slow down or stop the degradation or decomposition
processes, therefore, enhance the shelf life of the products. These agents either interfere with the
chemical reaction or check the growth of microorganisms in the products. Preservatives are classified
according to the mode of action or source or chemical nature. The preservation efficacy can be
affected by various factors, e.g., interaction with other components, nature of preservatives, type of
containers, type of micro-organism, and pH. Despite being vital for various types of products, these
chemicals are not safe, if not used appropriately. The review will provide an updated detail of different
types of preservatives along with their safety aspect. This review also highlighted the maximum
safe concentration of preservatives that can be required to develop a formulation with maximum
safety and low toxicity.
Covariance Matching Based Adaptive Attitude Estimation of a Nano-
Satellite Using SVD-Aided EKF
Authors: Hajiyev Chingiz , Cilden-Guler Demet 
Published: September 2022

Aims:
Tuning the system noise covariance Q matrix for the single-frame method aided Kalman filtering algorithm.

Background:
The covariance matching procedure of the measurement noise covariance, namely the R matrix, was processed in singular value decomposition (SVD), which is one of the single-frame methods.

Objective:
Develop the R and Q double covariance matching rule for the single-frame method aided Kalman filtering algorithm.

Method:
The matching procedure of the measurement noise covariance, namely the R matrix, is processed in singular value decomposition (SVD), which is one of the single-frame methods. The second matching rule is defined in the second stage of the proposed EKF design.

Result:
The matching rules are run simultaneously, which makes the filter capable of being robust against initialization errors, system noise uncertainties, and measurement malfunctions at the same time without an external filter design necessity.

Conclusion:
A single-frame method aided Kalman filtering algorithm based double covariance matching rule is presented in this paper. First, the measurement noise covariance matching is introduced using the SVD method that processes the R-adaptation inherently for the filtering stage. Second, the system noise covariance matching is described so as to have double covariance matching at the same time during the estimation procedure. The SVD-Aided AEKF becomes R- and Q-adaptive simultaneously by applying the Q-adaptation rule to the intrinsically R-adaptive SVD-aided EKF.
Chronic Inflammatory Pain Modulating Potential of Rubiadin: In-vivo, In-vitro
and In-silico Investigations
Authors: Mali Suraj N. , Chopade Atul R. , Salunkhe Vijay R. , Burade Madhav R. , Somade Prakash M. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
The study model of chronic musculoskeletal inflammatory pain, Rubiadin [1,3-dihydroxy-2-methylanthracene-9,10-dione] choice of a drug aimed to evaluate the anti-hyperalgesic effects.

Objective:
To induce gastrocnemius muscle-stimulated hyperalgesia, 3 % carrageenan was injected intraperitoneally.

Methods:
The response to heat and mechanical stimuli was monitored for 9 days. The effect of 1st dose of rubiadin start monitoring after the 14th day of carrageenan injection and continued monitoring up to the 22nd day. After the administration of rubiadin intraperitoneally, the antihyperanalgesic activity was observed.

Results:
Furthermore, increasing the temperature and mechanical threshold supports histopathological observations with extreme reduction in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) level.

Conclusion:
The objective is to observe anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesic activity of rubiadin in a pain model that is initiated via supraspinal or spinal neuronal mechanisms, predominantly by inhibition of PEG2. Rubiadin provides a wide range of activities in the treatment of chronic muscle pain and chronic muscular inflammation.
Self-microemulsifying Drug Delivery System for Solubility and
Bioavailability Enhancement of Eprosartan Mesylate: Preparation,
In-vitro, and In-vivo Evaluation
Authors: Patil Mukesh Subhash , Shirkhedkar Atul Arunrao 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Liquid self-micro emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) formulation of Eprosartanmesylate has been studied by applications of Surfactant like Kolliphor HS 15, Oil Phase like Labrafil M 1944 CS and cosurfactantTranscutol HP following screening by several vehicles.

Objective:
The aim is to prepare Liquid self microemulsifying drug delivery system for solubility enhancement of water insoluble drug Eprosartanmesylate.

Method:
The micro-emulsion unit, achieved through the phase diagram and augmented with the central- composite design (CCD) surface response process, was adjusted into SMEDDS by lyophilization using sucrose as a cryoprotective agent. Particle size, self-emulsification time, polydispersion index (PDI), zeta potential, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) screening, in-vitro drug release, and in-vivo pharmacokinetics were the essential features of the formulations. The subsequent DSC experimentation indicated that the drug has been integrated into S-SMEDDS. EprosartanMesylateloaded SMEDDS formulation showed greater In-Vitro and In-Vivo drug release than conventional solid doses form.

Results:
SMEDDS has reported effectiveness in reducing the impact of EprosartanMesylate pH thereby improving its release efficiency. The HPLC method was successfully implemented to assess EprosartanMesylate concentration in Wister rat plasma after oral administration of commercial tablet EM, SMEDDS, and EprosartanMesylate. The pharmacokinetics parameters for rats were Cmax 1064.91 ± 225 and 1856.22 ± 749 ngmL-1, Tmax 1.9 ± 0.3 hr, and 1.2 ± 0.4 hr and AUC0~t were 5314.36 ± 322.61 and 7760.09 ± 249 ng/ml hr for marketed tablets and prepared S-SMEDDS, respectively. When determined by AUC0~1, the relative bioavailability of EprosartanMesylate S-SMEDDC was 152.09 ± 14.33%.

Conclusion:
Present study reports the formulation of self-microemulsifying drug delivery system for enhancing the solubility and bioavaibility of a poorly water soluble EprosartanMesylate in an appropriate solid dosage form.