bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Short-Term Potassium Chloride Supplementation in Patients with CKD
Authors: Gritter Martin , Wouda Rosa D. , Yeung Stanley M.H. , Wieërs Michiel L.A. , Geurts Frank , de Ridder Maria A.J. , Ramakers Christian R.B. , Vogt Liffert , de Borst Martin H. , Rotmans Joris I. , Hoorn Ewout J. ,   on behalf of K+onsortium
Published: May 2022

Significance Statement
Observational studies show health benefits from a higher potassium intake, but it is unknown if this is tolerated by patients with CKD. This 2-week study indicates that 40 mmol/day potassium chloride supplementation (the estimated gap between actual and adequate intake) increased plasma potassium by 0.4 mmol/L in 191 patients with CKD (eGFR 31 ml/min per 1.73 m2, 83% on renin-angiotensin inhibitors). The majority of patients (89%) remained normokalemic. Higher baseline plasma potassium and older age were risk factors for developing hyperkalemia after supplementation. Potassium chloride supplementation did not lower office BP, but did cause a tendency toward hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. Longer-term studies should determine whether the cardiorenal benefits of adequate dietary potassium intake outweigh the risk of hyperkalemia in patients with CKD.

Background
Observational studies suggest that adequate dietary potassium intake (90–120 mmol/day) may be renoprotective, but the effects of increasing dietary potassium and the risk of hyperkalemia are unknown.

Methods
This is a prespecified analysis of the run-in phase of a clinical trial in which 191 patients (age 68±11 years, 74% males, 86% European ancestry, eGFR 31±9 ml/min per 1.73 m2, 83% renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, 38% diabetes) were treated with 40 mmol potassium chloride (KCl) per day for 2 weeks.

Results
KCl supplementation significantly increased urinary potassium excretion (72±24 to 107±29 mmol/day), plasma potassium (4.3±0.5 to 4.7±0.6 mmol/L), and plasma aldosterone (281 [198–431] to 351 [241–494] ng/L), but had no significant effect on urinary sodium excretion, plasma renin, BP, eGFR, or albuminuria. Furthermore, KCl supplementation increased plasma chloride (104±3 to 105±4 mmol/L) and reduced plasma bicarbonate (24.5±3.4 to 23.7±3.5 mmol/L) and urine pH (all P<0.001), but did not change urinary ammonium excretion. In total, 21 participants (11%) developed hyperkalemia (plasma potassium 5.9±0.4 mmol/L). They were older and had higher baseline plasma potassium.

Conclusions
In patients with CKD stage G3b–4, increasing dietary potassium intake to recommended levels with potassium chloride supplementation raises plasma potassium by 0.4 mmol/L. This may result in hyperkalemia in older patients or those with higher baseline plasma potassium. Longer-term studies should address whether cardiorenal protection outweighs the risk of hyperkalemia.

Clinical trial number: NCT03253172
Seasonal changes in gas exchange and yield of 21 genotypes of Coffea arabica
Authors: Tezara Wilmer , Duicela Guambi Luis Alberto , Reynel Chila Víctor Hugo , Nazareno Ortiz Rene , Bolaños Ortega Milton José 
Published: May 2022

Background: Coffee breeding programs in Ecuador have information on production and disease tolerance in many genotypes; however, they lack physiological information, especially on photosynthetic characteristics and their response to drought.
Questions: Whether high genetic variability among coffee genotypes will explains the photosynthetic and production differences expected? Will the physiological response to the dry season (DS) be different between genotypes?
Studied species: Coffea arabica L.
Study site and dates: Pichincha canton, Manabí province, Ecuador during March-April 2017 (rainy season, RS) and June-July 2017 (DS).
Methods: Leaf relative water content (RWC) and gas exchange of 21 coffee genotypes were measured during DS and RS. Coffee production during a period of three years was evaluated.
Results: Significant differences were found in RWC, photosynthetic rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs) and water use efficiency (WUE) among genotypes, between seasons, an interaction effect of genotype × season. Drought caused a significant reduction in A and gs of 30 and 44 % respectively, while WUE was not affected. A positive linear relationship was found between A and gs, and a negative relationship between A and the leaf-air vapor pressure gradient (D W ) and between gs and D W . Differences in coffee production were found among genotypes.
Conclusions: The high genetic variability of C. arabica genotypes may explain the significant differences in RWC and gas exchange and interaction genotypes x season, suggesting a differential response of each genotype to drought. Eleven of the 21 coffee genotypes were sensitive to drought, but showed different responses, suggesting possible genotypic differences in tolerance.

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Recepción creativa de obras literarias: un modelo de investigación-creación a partir de la cuentística de Alice Munro
Authors: Pino-Posada Juan Pablo , Jaramillo-Appleby Valentina 
Published: May 2022

La creciente tecnificación de los estudios literarios ha otorgado preeminencia a las herramientas de la mediación analítica y del distanciamiento argumentativo-racional, en detrimento de las potencialidades emocionales e imaginativas de la lectura de piezas literarias. Este artículo expone un modelo de recepción creativa que otorga mayor espacio a la implicación subjetiva del lector-investigador, el modelo se inserta en el actual marco institucional colombiano de la investigación-creación en literatura y moviliza, para procesos formativos e investigativos de la disciplina, el potencial cognitivo de la creación hipertextual y reescritural. Dicho modelo es el resultado de experimentos crítico-hermenéuticos y de escritura creativa llevados a cabo en un semillero de investigación de una universidad privada en Medellín, Colombia. La propuesta se sustenta en la teoría de la recepción literaria de Wolfgang Iser y en la idea de un lector participante de la obra y cooperador con el texto de Umberto Eco. Asimismo, acude a contribuciones contemporáneas de la estética de la creación, en concreto, a la práctica de la escritura no creativa de Kenneth Goldsmith. Finalmente, toma en cuenta la discusión reciente sobre las relaciones de la investigación con la creación. El principal aporte del modelo es la activación sistemática y colaborativa de facultades analíticas y creativas en el lector.
A discussão do conceito de paisagem na geografia: considerações a partir da abordagem cultural.
Authors: Oliveira Rafael da Silva 
Published: May 2022

O conceito de paisagem, no âmbito da ciência geográfica, possui importante serventia no discurso da ciência em tela, pois juntamente com as categorias de espaço, território, lugar e região constituem os cinco conceitos-chaves deste ramo do conhecimento.
Isso posto, o presente artigo busca apresentar alguns estudos relevantes na elucidação dos entendimento acerca do conceito de paisagem, desde as primeiras décadas do século XX até o momento hodierno, a partir da perspectiva cultural. Cumpre mencionar que o conceito paisagem possui, no cerne do pensamento geográfico, um carácter polissêmico, sendo que neste paper prenderemos nossa atenção apenas dentro da visão supramencionada.
NEXUS BETWEEN PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
Authors: Ishfaq Umer , Batool Saima , Salahuddin Sultan , Alam Muhammad Mehboob , Abid Seemab 
Published: May 2022

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of interactive performance measurement systems on the employees’ psychological empowerment in the pharmaceutical industry in Pakistan.
Methodology: This research used a survey and the respondents were medical representative/detailer employees in the pharmaceutical firms in Pakistan. Data was collected from 390 responding out of 650 distributed questionnaires and analyzed by using Smart PLS.
Main Findings: The outcomes of this study showed that the interactive performance measurement system has a positive and significant impact on the employees’ psychology in the pharmaceutical industry in Pakistan.
Applications of the study: This research showed that the interactive performance measurement system is a tool that can open the communication network between the managers and the employees which must be supported by maximum employees’ psychological empowerment so that can reach the company’s vision and mission, especially for the medical representative/detailer in the pharmaceutical company in Pakistan.
Novelty/Originality of the study: This research showed how important psychological empowerment is for lower-middle level employees especially for the medical representative/detailer in order to improve the company’s performance by using the interactive performance measurement system in a pharmaceutical company in Pakistan.
Kompetensi Pedagogik dan Kepribadian Dosen Pendidikan Matematika UIN Raden Fatah Palembang
Authors: Septy Liana 
Published: May 2022

Abstrak
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif yang menggunakan metode survey berupa angket sebagai alat pengumpulan datanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjabarkan bagaimana kompetensi pedagogik dan kepribadian dosen Pendidikan Matematika di Universitas. Berdasarkan uraian pada hasil dan pembahasan, diperoleh bahwa kompetensi pedagogik dan kepribadian dosen Pendidikan Matematika di Universitas dikatakan baik berdasarakan respon, komentar dan saran mahasiswa. Walaupun ada beberapa saran seperti peningkatan cara mengajar, cara memberikan umpan balik, bersikap lebih santai agar pembelajaran tidak terasa tegang, akan tetapi secara garis besar keseluruhan dosen Pendidikan Matematika UIN Raden Fatah Palembang telah memenuhi kompetensi pedagogik dan kepribadia dosen yang baik.
IMPLEMENTATION OF RELIGIUSITY AND LOCAL FUNCTION IN DEVELOPMENT OF OFFICE HUMAN RESOURCES MINISTRY OF RELIGION PALOPO CITY
Authors: Jabani Muzayyanah , Takdir Takdir 
Published: May 2022

This study aims to determine whether the religiosity variable that focuses on the dimension of worship practices by discussing two aspects in it, namely obedience and rituals and local wisdom which consists of the culture of "sipakatau", "sipakalebbi" and "sipakainge" have an influence on human resource development, also researching about the practices of worship that have been carried out by employees of the Ministry of Religion Office of the City of Palopo and how the implementation of local wisdom is meant in the development of human resources. This research is descriptive quantitative research using data collection techniques by distributing questionnaires, interviews and literature. The analysis technique used with multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the study show that the form of religious activity as a form of religiosity that has been carried out in the office of the Ministry of Religion of Palopo City has 2 main things, namely relating to ritual and strictness as a form of the dimensions of religious practice. Both of these aspects, namely the ritual aspects and obedience aspects in general, have been carried out and carried out at the office of the Ministry of Religion in the city of Palopo.
Keywords: religiosity, local wisdom, Human Resources Ministry
MAQASHID AL-SYARI’AH CONCEPT OF KAFA’AH IN MARRIAGE
Authors: Barkah Qodariyah , Andriyani Andriyani 
Published: May 2022

Basically, kafa'ah in a marriage is equality, compatibility or proportionality between the prospective bridegroom and bride. Kafa'ah in terms of religion is a necessity for a Muslim who is going to get married. One of the important things that must be done before marriage is considering several things such as nasab, religion, belief, profession, freedom, and property. However, nowadays, many couples do not heed the Kafa'ah criteria,and even many marriages happen between men and women with significant age difference. For example, a marriage between an old woman and a very young man, or vice versa. Considering these phenomena in the society, then the concept of maqasid al-shari'ah or the purpose of Islamic law is an important discussion to look at the marriage practices in the society. This is very much related to the protection of religion, soul, mind, descendant and wealth. This study analyzedlarge age disparity marriage practicesin Karang Endah village, by using the concept of ushul fiqh. The type of qualitative research used was ethnography. Research data were obtained through the use of some references such as books, journals, articles relating to the object under study. The results of this study indicated that a large age gap marriageoccurred in Karang Endah village wasbased on emotional factors of the couple. In Islam, this kind of marriage does not contradict the syari'ah rules, because Islam does not explicitly explain the age limit to be categorized as an adult. Therefore, referring to the concept of maqashid al-syari'ah, it could be concluded that large age disparity marriage occurred in Karang Endah village was carried out to protect religion, lives, and offspring of the couples.
Keywords: Marriage, Kafa'ah, Age Disparity, Maqasid al-Syari'ah
DROP SHIPPING IN ISLAMIC ECONOMIC LAW PERSPECTIVE: E-COMMERCE STUDY INTER MARKETPLACE DROP SHIP IN THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ERA 4.0
Authors: Rasidin Mhd. , Sidqi Imaro , Witro Doli 
Published: May 2022

Drop shipping is a business carried out by someone as an intermediary between suppliers and customers. This business has become a big trend in the market because it has the potential to get massive profits. However, there is still an assumption that the business is not following the teachings of Islam. This research will discuss the concept of drop ship in general and the latest drop ship that becomes the current market trend, namely drop shipper between marketplaces is. This study uses qualitative research methods that are literature research. The discussion of this research will focus on normative-juridical studies given Sharia Economic Law. This research is expected to be opened insight for the drop shipper so that the profits and success of his business will be blessed by Allah s.w.t. After the data is collected, it is then analyzed using data analysis techniques, namely data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. The results showed that the drop ship business between marketplaces did not conflict with Islamic teachings, meaning that the business was following the Sharia economic agreements. The business is legal and religiously legal in the State of Indonesia. Therefore, the community must understand the business from management, systems, and payments to be following existing contracts. If the business continues to be developed, it will become a superior and growing halal business in the world.
Keywords: Drop ship, E-Commerce, Marketplace, Sharia Economic Law
INTERNATIONAL TRADE DISPUTE SETTLEMENT THROUGH DISPUTE SETTLEMENT BODY (DSB) AND INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION BODY
Authors: Supeno Supeno 
Published: May 2022

The current trend in international trade is growing rapidly, along with these developments, the problems occurring in trade transactions are also increasing on the other hand the disputes arising in international trade are also increasing, under such conditions it is necessary to have greater legal role to overcome international trade issues. Several international trade dispute settlement institutions have been established but have not been well known and maximized in resolving international trade disputes whereas dispute settlement institutions play a huge role in the effort to create economic stability and world trade. Dispute resolution agencies that need special attention are Dispute Settlement Body and International Arbitration. In this article author using the goodfaith theory as the importand principle in the dispute dispute of international business. The author would like to disclose some international trade dispute settlement which becomes the choice for disputing countries so that the writer can formulate the following problem of Settlement of international trade disputes through the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and international trade disputes through international arbitration bodies.
Keywords: international trade dispute, dispute settlement, Arbitration
Digitális és nyomtatott szövegek olvasásértésének mérése középiskolai diákok körében
Authors: Mendrey Zsófia 
Published: May 2022

A dolgozat témája középiskolás diákok nyomtatott és a digitális szövegértési teljesítményének a mérése, a mérési eredmények összehasonlítása. A dolgozatban szereplő empirikus vizsgálat két, egy nyomtatott és egy digitális szöveget feldolgozó, szövegértési teljesítményt mérő tesztre épül, amelyet összesen 400 tanuló töltött ki. A vizsgálat 3 vidéki és 3 fővárosi intézményben zajlott a nemi különbségek és a gondolkodási műveletekben nyújtott eltérő teljesítmény figyelembevételével. A kutatásból kiderült, hogy a felmérésben részt vevő diákok a nyomtatott szövegértési teszten jobb eredményt értek el, mint a digitális szövegértési feladatlapon, illetve, hogy a lányok jobban teljesítettek mind a papíralapú, mind a digitális szövegértési teszten, mint a fiúk. A koronavírus következtében kialakult digitális oktatás azonban nagy változást eredményezhetett ezeknek a kompetenciáknak a fejlettségében, így a továbbiakban érdemes a kutatást kiterjeszteni és megvizsgálni, milyen változásokat generált a kényszerű helyzet.
On Bernoulli and Hermite Polynomial Collocation Methods to solve Fuzzy Volterra integral equations of the second kind
Authors: Darabi Mohsen , Seifi Ali 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this work we introduced an efficient method based on Bernoulli and Hermite polynomial collocation methods for solving fuzzy Volterra integral equations of the second kind. Two theoretical aspects of the methods, i.e.
existence and uniqueness of solution were investigated. In order to explore the efficiency of the method, convergence and error analysis are discussed in detail. Finally, accuracy and applicability of the proposed methods are
carried out along with comparisons using a few examples. The suggested method can be used as an alternative
for previous methods.
Bioinformatics analysis of Human Kallikrein 5 (KLK5) Expression in Metaplastic breast carcinoma: An Independent Cancer Biomarker
Authors: Song Yue 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) has been proven to consistently harbour a basal-like immunophenotype and expression profile(lack of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2 expression), but has the worse prognosis and the faster tumorigenesis, lacking of standard effective treatment. We attempt to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by searching for public datasets to help elucidate the underlying mechanisms of MBC development and provide new biomarkers and essential prognostic factors for MBC.
Methods
DEGs in TNBC (triple-negative breast cancer) and non-TNBC were screened out by analyzing the GSE76275 and The Cancer Genome Atlas, while GSE165407 identified the DEGs between metaplastic tumors and non-metaplastic tumors fromTNBC patients. There were 2 co-expression DEGs identified but only KLK5 has significant differential expression in MBC and TNBC. Metascape and David online biological information databases were performed to reveal the the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of DEGs. To detect the KLK5 expression in different subtypes of breast cancer, both online databases, including UALCAN, GEPIA, HPA and Breast cancer gene-expression miner, and qPCR were used. KLK5‑associated gene analysis was performed by TCGA and LinkedOmics database was used to detect the co-expression genes of KLK5. Finally, Kaplan–Meier plotter showed the survival datas.
Results
KLK5 was screened by comparing DEGs in TNBC and MBC, which was over expression in TNBC but downregulated in MBC. The KEGG enrichment analysis and GO analysis revealed that estrogen signaling pathway was the most TNBC related pathway. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was the vital pathogenic mechanism in MBC by using KEGG and GO analysis of DEGs in MBC and non-MBC, as well as overlapping genes of the significantly different genes and co-expression genes of KLK5. What’s more, the prognosis analysis showed that KLK5 was statistically correlated with RFS mainly in LN positive TNBC subtypes, which were highly similar to MBC.
Conclusion
Our research identified the KLK5 by bioinformatic analysis to help us explore the underlying mechanism of MBC differing from TNBC and provide potential targets for diagnosis and prognosis of MBC.
Toxoplasma gondii Dense Granule Protein 3 Promotes Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Apoptosis by Activating the PERK Pathway
Authors: Obed Cudjoe , Wu Minmin , Chen Ying , An Ran , Cai Haijian , Luo Qingli , Yu Li , Wang Jie , Liu Fang , Shen Jilong , Du Jian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Toxoplasma gondii is a neurotropic single-celled parasite that can infect mammals and birds. Central nervous system infection with T. gondii infection can lead to Toxoplasma encephalitis. Toxoplasma infection can cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) activation, which ultimately can lead to apoptosis of host cells. The dense granule protein GRA3 has been identified as one of the secretory proteins that contribute to the virulence of T. gondii; however, the mechanism remains enigmatic.
Methods
The expression of GRA3 gene in RH, ME49, Wh3 and Wh6 strains were determined using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT–PCR). pEGFP-GRA3Wh6 was created by inserting Chinese 1 Wh6 GRA3 (GRA3Wh6) cDNA into a plasmid encoding the enhanced GFP. Mouse neuro2a (N2a) cells were transfected with either pEGFP or pEGFP-GRA3Wh6 (GRA3Wh6) and incubated for 24–36 hr. N2a cell apoptosis- and ER stress-associated proteins were determined using flow cytometry and immunoblotting. Furthermore, N2a cells were pretreated with GSK2656157 and Z-ATAD-FMK before GRA3Wh6 transfection, and the effect of the inhibitors on GRA3Wh6-induced ER stress and apoptosis was investigated.
Results
GRA3 gene expression was higher in the less virulent strains of type II ME49 and type Chinese 1 Wh6 strains compared to the virulent strains of type I RH strain and type Chinese 1 Wh3 strain. Transfection with GRA3Wh6 plasmid induced neuronal apoptosis and increased the expression of GRP78, p-PERK, cleaved caspase-12, cleaved caspase-3, and CHOP compared to pEGFP. Pretreatment with GSK2656157 and Z-ATAD-FMK decreased apoptosis in N2a cells, and similarly, ER stress- and apoptosis-associated protein levels were significantly decreased.
Conclusion
GRA3 induces neural cell apoptosis via the ER stress signaling pathway, which could play a role in Toxoplasmic encephalitis.