bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total Intravenous Anesthesia With Dexmedetomidine for Hemodynamic Stability and Enhanced Recovery in Facial Aesthetic Surgery
Authors: Moore Alec C M , Kachare Swapnil D , Barber Debra A , Barrow Lara , O’Daniel T Gerald 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Patients undergoing facial rejuvenation surgery are at unique risk of perioperative complications from the anesthetic utilized during the procedure. The ideal anesthetic agent is one that is safe to use in the outpatient population, has analgesic, sedative, and anesthetic properties, yet does not cause respiratory depression or hemodynamic irregularities.

Objectives
A retrospective analysis of a large outpatient facelift cohort was performed to determine if dexmedetomidine, an α 2-adrenergic receptor agonist, meets the criteria of an ideal adjunct for propofol in a total intravenous anesthesia protocol.

Methods
The charts of 791 patients who underwent rhytidectomy with total intravenous anesthesia were reviewed and data of patients’ operative risk factors, perioperative management including medications administered, perioperative vital signs, and postoperative adverse events were recorded. Statistical univariate analyses were performed on the data.

Results
Dexmedetomidine resulted in a significant reduction and maintenance of blood pressure from onset of anesthesia until discharge from the postanesthetic recovery unit. The utilization of opioids and anxiolytics was significantly less than previously reported for other anesthetic types. The postoperative nausea/vomiting rate was 0.8% (6 patients). There were no postoperative admissions for inpatient management. Forty-three (5.3%) patients required a conversion to general endotracheal anesthesia and statistically significant risk factors include increased BMI, American Society of Anesthesiologists Class II or higher, preoperative hypertension, and multiple procedures performed.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated the safety and efficacy of dexmedetomidine in a large cohort of outpatients undergoing facelift. Dexmedetomidine meets the requirements for an ideal adjunct anesthetic within a total intravenous anesthesia protocol.

Level of Evidence: 4
Sub-SMAS Reconstruction of Retaining Ligaments
Authors: Bitik Ozan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Retaining ligaments must be fully released for effective soft-tissue mobilization during sub-superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) facelifts. Standard deep temporal fascia and lateral SMAS fixation techniques may fail earlier than anticipated, which may cause a relapse of facial aging signs. Reconstruction of retaining ligaments was previously proposed to enhance facelift fixation.

Objectives
The author sought to assess the effect of their ligament reconstruction technique on early relapse rates and complication rates.

Methods
This study was a comparative analysis of 188 consecutive facelift cases where retaining ligaments were reconstructed employing the described techniques. A total 104 patients with standard fixation were analyzed in the control group. A novel set of criteria was established for the diagnosis of early relapse after facelift surgery based on the validated Merz scale.

Results
Early relapse rate was significantly lower (0.53% vs 5.76%) in the ligament reconstruction group compared with the control group. Ligament reconstruction was associated with an increased rate of temporary nerve paralysis (8.5%).

Conclusions
Sub-SMAS reconstruction of retaining ligaments enhances facelift fixation and reduces the rate of early relapse. Increased risk of temporary neuropraxia is a reasonable trade-off.

Level of Evidence: 4
Creating Lift in the Lower Face With Botulinum Toxin A Treatment: An Anatomical Overview With Videos and Case Studies Illustrating Patient Evaluation and Treatment
Authors: Lorenc Z Paul , Corduff Niamh , van Loghem Jani , Yoelin Steve 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Relaxation of depressor muscles in the lower face with botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) can create a lifting effect and dramatically improve jawline contour and resting facial expression. Even with the recent increase in interest in lower face rejuvenation, BoNT-A is a relatively under-recognized tool for treatment of this area. When treating the lower face, an understanding of anatomy and the relationship between the facial muscles is especially important, as injection patterns must be customized for consistently positive outcomes.

Objectives
This study was aimed to provide basic knowledge of the activities of the muscles in the lower face and neck and to describe the basis for injecting BoNT-A to create lift in this area. Expert guidance for injection is also provided.

Methods
As part of a continuing medical education course on differentiating botulinum toxin products, a panel of 4 expert physician injectors participated in a live webinar to discuss the implications of increasing toxin use.

Results
The practical guidance in this manuscript is based on the most frequently requested information by audience members and the information considered critical for success by the authors. The authors outline the functional anatomy of the lower face most relevant for BoNT-A treatment and case studies as well as methods for patient evaluation and injection technique are also provided. Videos showing treatment planning and injection technique for the lower face and neck are included.

Conclusions
BoNT-A is an important nonsurgical tool for creating lift in the lower face.

Level of Evidence: 5
Protein complex structure prediction powered by multiple sequence alignments of interologs from multiple taxonomic ranks and AlphaFold2
Authors: Si Yunda , Yan Chengfei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
AlphaFold2 can predict protein complex structures as long as a multiple sequence alignment (MSA) of the interologs of the target protein–protein interaction (PPI) can be provided. In this study, a simplified phylogeny-based approach was applied to generate the MSA of interologs, which was then used as the input to AlphaFold2 for protein complex structure prediction. In this extensively benchmarked protocol on nonredundant PPI dataset, including 107 bacterial PPIs and 442 eukaryotic PPIs, we show complex structures of 79.5% of the bacterial PPIs and 49.8% of the eukaryotic PPIs can be successfully predicted, which yielded significantly better performance than the application of MSA of interologs prepared by two existing approaches. Considering PPIs may not be conserved in species with long evolutionary distances, we further restricted interologs in the MSA to different taxonomic ranks of the species of the target PPI in protein complex structure prediction. We found that the success rates can be increased to 87.9% for the bacterial PPIs and 56.3% for the eukaryotic PPIs if interologs in the MSA are restricted to a specific taxonomic rank of the species of each target PPI. Finally, we show that the optimal taxonomic ranks for protein complex structure prediction can be selected with the application of the predicted template modeling (TM) scores of the output models.
Increased radiosensitivity and impaired DNA repair in patients with STAT3-LOF and ZNF341 deficiency, potentially contributing to malignant transformations
Authors: Cekic Sukru , Huriyet Huzeyfe , Hortoglu Melika , Kasap Nurhan , Ozen Ahmet , Karakoc-Aydiner Elif , Metin Ayse , Ocakoglu Gokhan , Demiroz Abakay Candan , Temel Sehime G , Ozemri Sag Sebnem , Baris Safa , Cavas Tolga , Sebnem Kilic Sara 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
STAT3 plays an important role in various complex and sometimes contradictory pathways such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, inflammation, and apoptosis. The transcriptional activity of the STAT3 gene is controlled by a transcription factor called ZNF341. There is insufficient data on radiation sensitivity and post-radiation DNA repair in STAT3- loss-of-function (LOF) patients. We aimed to investigate the radiosensitivity in patients with STAT3-LOF and ZNF341 deficiency. Twelve patients with STAT3-LOF and four ZNF341-deficiency patients were recruited from three clinical immunology centers in Turkey and evaluated for radiosensitivity by the Comet assay, comparing to 14 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The tail length (TL) (μm), percentage of DNA in the tail (TDNA%), and olive tail moment (OTM) (arbitrary units) were evaluated at the same time for baseline (spontaneous), initial (immediately after 2 Gy irradiation), and recovery (2 h after irradiation) periods by using a computerized image-analysis system, estimating DNA damage. Except for a patient with ZNF341 deficiency who developed nasal cell primitive neuroendocrine tumor and papillary thyroid cancer during the follow-up, there was no cancer in both groups. During the recovery period of irradiation, TL, TDNA%, and OTM values of healthy controls decreased rapidly toward the baseline, while these values of patients with STAT3-LOF and ZNF341 deficiency continued to increase, implying impaired DNA repair mechanisms. Increased radiosensitivity and impaired DNA repair were demonstrated in patients diagnosed with STAT3-LOF and ZNF341 deficiency, potentially explaining the susceptibility to malignant transformation.
Discriminative neural pathways for perception-cognition activity of color and face in the human brain
Authors: Zhou Qilin , Du Jialin , Gao Runshi , Hu Shimin , Yu Tao , Wang Yuping , Pan Na Clara 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHuman performance can be examined using a visual lens. The identification of psychophysical colors and emotional faces with perceptual visual pathways may remain invalid for simple detection tasks. In particular, how the visual dorsal and ventral processing streams handle discriminative visual perceptions and subsequent cognition activities are obscure. We explored these issues using stereoelectroencephalography recordings, which were obtained from patients with pharmacologically resistant epilepsy. Delayed match-to-sample paradigms were used for analyzing the processing of simple colors and complex emotional faces in the human brain. We showed that the angular-cuneus gyrus acts as a pioneer in discriminating the 2 features, and dorsal regions, including the middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and postcentral gyrus, as well as ventral regions, such as the middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), were involved in processing incongruent colors and faces. Critically, the beta and gamma band activities between the cuneus and MTG and between the cuneus and pSTS would tune a separate pathway of incongruency processing. In addition, posterior insular gyrus, fusiform, and MFG were found for attentional modulation of the 2 features via alpha band activities. These findings suggest the neural basis of the discriminative pathways of perception-cognition activities in the human brain.
Sight restoration in congenitally blind humans does not restore visual brain structure
Authors: Hölig Cordula , Guerreiro Maria J S , Lingareddy Sunitha , Kekunnaya Ramesh , Röder Brigitte 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIt is unknown whether impaired brain structure after congenital blindness is reversible if sight is restored later in life. Using structural magnetic resonance imaging, visual cortical surface area and cortical thickness were assessed in a large group of 21 sight-recovery individuals who had been born blind and who months or years later gained sight through cataract removal surgery. As control groups, we included 27 normally sighted individuals, 10 individuals with permanent congenital blindness, and 11 sight-recovery individuals with a late onset of cataracts. Congenital cataract-reversal individuals had a lower visual cortical surface area and a higher visual cortical thickness than normally sighted controls. These results corresponded to those of congenitally permanently blind individuals suggesting that impaired brain structure did not recover. Crucially, structural brain alterations in congenital-cataract reversal individuals were associated with a lower post-surgery visual acuity. No significant changes in visual cortex structure were observed in sight-recovery individuals with late onset cataracts. The results demonstrate that impaired structural brain development due to visual deprivation from birth is not fully reversible and limits functional recovery. Additionally, they highlight the crucial importance of prevention measures in the context of other types of aberrant childhood environments including low socioeconomic status and adversity.
Ryanodine receptor 2 (RYR2) dysfunction activates the unfolded protein response and perturbs cardiomyocyte maturation
Authors: Guo Yuxuan , Cao Yangpo , Jardin Blake D , Zhang Xiaoran , Zhou Pingzhu , Guatimosim Silvia , Lin Junsen , Chen Zhan , Zhang Yueyang , Mazumdar Neil , Lu Fujian , Ma Qing , Lu Yao-Wei , Zhao Mingming , Wang Da-Zhi , Dong Erdan , Pu William T 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsCalcium-handling capacity is a major gauge of cardiomyocyte maturity. Ryanodine receptor 2 (RYR2) is the pre-dominant calcium channel that releases calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum/endoplasmic reticulum (SR/ER) to activate cardiomyocyte contraction. Although RYR2 was previously implied as a key regulator of cardiomyocyte maturation, the mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study is to solve this problem.Methods and resultsWe performed Cas9/AAV9-mediated somatic mutagenesis to knockout RYR2 specifically in cardiomyocytes in mice. We conducted a genetic mosaic analysis to dissect the cell-autonomous function of RYR2 during cardiomyocyte maturation. We found that RYR2 depletion triggered ultrastructural and transcriptomic defects relevant to cardiomyocyte maturation. These phenotypes were associated with the drastic activation of ER stress pathways. The ER stress alleviator tauroursodeoxycholic acid partially rescued the defects in RYR2-depleted cardiomyocytes. Overexpression of ATF4, a key ER stress transcription factor, recapitulated defects in RYR2-depleted cells. Integrative analysis of RNA-Seq and bioChIP-Seq data revealed that protein biosynthesis-related genes are the major direct downstream targets of ATF4.ConclusionRYR2-regulated ER homeostasis is essential for cardiomyocyte maturation. Severe ER stress perturbs cardiomyocyte maturation primarily through ATF4 activation. The major downstream effector genes of ATF4 are related to protein biosynthesis.
Features of vascular motor endothelial function in hypertensive patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Demikhova N , Yurchenko A , Prykhodko E , Demikhov A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
The main part of the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension (AH) is a remodeling of the vascular system and the state of the vascular endothelium, which functions as a trigger mechanism for the implementation vasoregulating mechanisms. Vascular endothelium is involved in the provision of local processes of hemostasis, proliferation, migration of blood cells in the vessel wall, which is also associated with the regulation of vascular tone and the development of atherosclerosis.

Purpose
To study the vascular motor endothelial function in hypertensive patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).

Methods
Vascular mechanisms of pathogenesis have been studied in 172 patients aged (54,2±6,2) years, men 84 and women 88, with uncomplicated hypertension II-III degree. Echographic system Acuson Sequoia 512 was used for ultrasound imaging of the heart. The diameter of the brachial artery (D, mm), flow velocity (V, m/s), the ratio D/V, Δd (%) - an increase in the diameter of the artery decompression, ΔdN (%) - an increase in the diameter of the artery sample with nitroglycerin and the ratio Δd/ΔdN were measured.

Results
Due to the reduction in brachial artery diameter (with AH stage II 55, l% and AH stage III 48.7%, p &lt;0.01) decreased blood flow velocity in the whole group is 36.4%, which is as much depended on the degree of hypertension (p &lt;0.01). Conducting tests for decompression and nitroglycerin showed that reduced growth in brachial artery diameter in the total group on the decompression was compared with the normal 51.1%: in AH II degree - by 48.8% and III level by 52.2% (p&lt;0.01).
The test with nitroglycerin: the larger group of hypertensive patients reduced vasodilation was 21.1%, II degree - 13.8%, and III degree - 30.7% (p&lt;0.01).
Conducting tests for decompression showed that normal type vasodilatory response occurred only in 27.4% of patients, with II degree in 33.8% and AH III in 22% of patients.
Reduced response to decompression was 60% of patients with AH II - in 43.2%, and III degree - at 56.8% and constrictor - in 12.6% of them in AH II degree at - 6.2% and 17 % at AH III.
The test with nitroglycerin: normal vascular reaction occurred in 33.5% of patients, decreased in 59.9% and constrictor in 9.6% of patients. Reduced vasoconstrictor response to nitroglycerin was more common in patients with AH II degree.

Cunclusion
These results define the nature of the preferred choice of antihypertensive drugs such as normalizing pressure and have a positive effect on the endothelium, which is also associated with a reduction of myocardial hypertrophy and vascular wall.
Time trends and urban-rural differences in the use and outcomes of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients with pulmonary embolism
Authors: Sagoschen I , Hobohm L , Muenzel T , Keller K 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Background
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is considered a life-saving treatment option for patients in cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) due to acute pulmonary embolism (PE).

Purpose
We sought to determine time trends and urban-rural differences in the use and outcomes of ECMO in patients with acute PE.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed data on patient characteristics, treatments, and in-hospital outcomes for all PE patients (ICD-code I26) and ECMO implantation in Germany between 2005 and 2018.

Results
At total of 1,172,354 patients were hospitalized with PE; of those, 2,197 (0.2%) were treated with ECMO support. Over the 14-year observational study period the use of ECMO in patients with PE increased continuously (β 2.9 [2.7 to 3.1]; p&lt;0.001), while in-hospital mortality decreased (ß -0.7 [-0.7 to -0.8]; p&lt;0.001). VA-ECMO was mainly employed in younger patients (55 vs. 72 years, p&lt;0.001). Male patients were considerably more often treated with ECMO than female patients (61.8% vs 38.2%; P&lt;0.001) although the proportion of female patients and ECMO increased during the observation period. In patients with cardiac arrest the proportion of VA-ECMO use was highest in the second life decade (7.5%) and decreased with increasing age. As expected, the use of VA-ECMO support was strikingly more used in urban (n=1069) and suburban (n=733) areas compared to rural regions (n=219) of Germany (hier auch % angeben). In-hospital mortality was considerably lower in urban (60.6%) and suburban areas (58.8%) compared to rural regions (65.3%) (Figure 1).

Conclusion
The marked increase in the number of PE patients treated with ECMO during a 14-year observational period points to both improved resource availability/allocation as well as an improvement in the invasive management of PE patients at high risk in the ICU. The observation of a lower in-hospital mortality in (sub-)urban areas are in particular interesting in a densely populated country like Germany and may indicate that offering maximal level of care in (sub-)urban areas in patients with PE may lead to a better prognosis.
Vascular conditioning prevents adverse left ventricular remodelling after acute myocardial infarction: a randomised remote conditioning study
Authors: Vlastos D , Ikonomidis I , Andreadou I , Gazouli M , Efentakis P , Varoudi M , Makavos G , Kapelouzou A , Lekakis J , Parissis J , Katsanos S , Tsilivarakis D , Cokkinos D V , Iliodromitis E K 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): EU-CARDIOPROTECTION COST ACTION
(European Cooperation in Science and Technology-Action)
(CA16225)

Background
Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) alleviates ischemia-reperfusion injury via several pathways, including micro-RNAs (miRs) expression and oxidative stress modulation.

Purpose
We investigated the effects of RIC on endothelial glycocalyx, arterial stiffness, LV remodelling, and the underlying mediators within the vasculature as a target for protection.

Methods
We block-randomised 270 patients within 48 h of STEMI post-PCI to either one or two cycles of bilateral brachial cuff inflation, and a control group without RIC. We measured: (a) the perfusion boundary region (PBR) of the sublingual arterial microvessels to assess glycocalyx integrity and (b) the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) at baseline (T0), following every RIC cycle (T1, T2), and 40 min after RIC onset (T3); (c) miR-144, -150, -21, -208, nitrate-nitrite (NOx) and malondialdehyde (MDA) plasma levels at baseline (T0) and 40 min after RIC onset (T3); and (d) LV volumes at baseline and after one year.

Results
Compared to baseline, there was a greater PBR and PWV decrease, miR-144 and NOx levels increase (p &lt; 0.05) at T3 following single- than double-cycle inflation (PBR:ΔT0-T3 = 0.249 ± 0.033 vs 0.126 ± 0.034 μm, p = 0.03 and PWV:0.4 ± 0.21 vs -1.02 ± 0.24 m/s, p = 0.03). Increased miR-150,-21,-208 (p &lt; 0.05) and reduced MDA was observed after both protocols. Increased miR-144 was related to PWV reduction (r = 0.763, p &lt; 0.001) after the first-cycle inflation in both protocols. After one year, single-cycle RIC was associated with LV end-systolic volume reduction (LVESV) &gt; 15% (odds-ratio of 3.75, p = 0.029). MiR-144 and PWV changes post-RIC were interrelated and associated with LVESV reduction at follow-up (r = 0.40 and 0.37, p &lt; 0.05), in the single-cycle RIC.

Conclusions
RIC evokes "vascular conditioning" likely by upregulation of cardio-protective microRNAs, NOx production, and oxidative stress reduction, facilitating reverse LV remodelling.