bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurrence and levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in wild and farmed tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from Lake Kariba, Zambia: possible impact on fish health
Authors: Simukoko Chalumba , Mwakalapa Eliezer , Muzandu Kaampwe , Mutoloki Stephen , Evensen Øystein , Ræder Erik , Müller Mette , Polder Anuschka , Lycke Jan Ludvig 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The current study was carried out to determine occurrence and levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in wild and farmed tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Lake Kariba, Zambia, and possible implications for fish health. Concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyls (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were determined in liver samples of tilapia. Concentrations of POPs in wild tilapia were in general higher than in farmed tilapia, however, concentrations of DDTs and PCBs in wild tilapia foraging near the fish farms were more in the range of the farmed fish. The highest median ∑DDTs (93 and 81 ng/g lw) were found in wild tilapia from sites 1 and 2, respectively 165 km and 100 km west of the farms. DDE/DDT ratios seem to indicate recent exposure to DDT. The highest median of ∑ 17 PCBs (3.2 ng/g lw) and ∑ 10 PBDEs (8.1 ng/g lw) were found in wild tilapia from site 1 and 2, respectively. The dominating PCB congeners were PCB-118, -138, -153 and -180 and for PBDEs, BDE-47, -154, and -209. Of PFASs, only PFOS, PFDA and PFNA were detected in wild fish with highest median PFOS levels in site 1 (0.66 ng/g ww). The PCB and BDE concentrations in wild and farmed fish were above EQS biota limits set by the EU. This may suggest a risk to the fish species and threaten biodiversity.
Adaptive Sliding Mode Control for Optimal ℒ2-gain Performance of Interconnected Large-scale Cyber Physical Systems Under FDIAs Environments
Authors: Zheng Bo-Chao , Lai Chen , Li Tao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Aiming at a class of large-scale cyber physical systems(LSCPSs) with multiple subsystems nonlinearly interconnected under false data injection attacks(FDIAs), the problems of ℒ2 -gain performance analysis and sliding mode control are studied. First, the quadratical stability criteria with ℒ2 -gain performance of the sliding dynamics of LSCPSs are derived by linear matrix inequalities(LMIs) technology. Then adaptive integral sliding mode controllers are designed, which include two parts: one part is designed for suppressing the influences of FDIAs on the systems, and the other part is used to deal with factors such as quantization errors, external interferences, nonlinear interconnections, and model uncertainties. Finally, the comparison results of simulation examples show the effectiveness and superiority of the established methods.
Biomechanical Analysis of a Novel 3D Printing Cervical Spine Prosthesis : A Finite Element Study
Authors: Lei Wei , Zhao Xiong , Wang Xin-li , Meng Bing , Li Tian-qing , Feng Ya-fei , Zhang Yang , Wu Zi-xiang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Our group have developed a new 3D printing cervical composite joint system prosthesis. The corresponding biomechanical effect should be evaluated in the treatment of cervical spondylosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical properties of the prosthesis using a three-dimensional finite element model.Methods: CT data were extracted by mimics16.0 software to reconstruct the C3-C7 model of cervical spine. The model was divided into three groups: normal cervical spine group, prosthesis implantation group and ACCF group. The three groups of models in six different motion states (flexion, extension, left and right lateral bending, left and right rotation) were simulated by three-dimensional finite element simulation. The RoM of lower cervical vertebra, RoM between each vertebrae, and the stress of intervertebral disc were compared and analyzed. Results: Compared with the normal cervical spine, the RoM of C3-7 in the prosthesis implantation group showed a downward trend in six different motion states, with a decrease range of 5.27%. RoM of each segment in the prosthesis implantation group was decreased, and the decrease range was less than 7.34%. In the six motion states, the stress of each intervertebral disc in the prosthesis implantation group and ACCF group was increased. Compared with the prosthesis implantation group, the stress increased significantly at at the C3-C4 level in ACCF group. Conclusion: The novel 3D printing cervical composite joint system prosthesis can not only retain the range of motion of the cervical spine, but also decrease the stress of the upper adjacent intervertebral disc.
Mechanism for particle fractionalization and universal edge physics in quantum Hall fluids
Authors: Bochniak Arkadiusz , Nussinov Zohar , Seidel Alexander , Ortiz Gerardo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Advancing a microscopic field-theoretic framework that rigorously unveils the underlying topological hallmarks of fractional quantum Hall (FQH) fluids is a prerequisite for making progress in the classification of strongly-coupled topological matter. Here we advance such a framework that helps reveal an exact fusion mechanism for particle fractionalization in FQH fluids, and uncover the fundamental structure behind the condensation of non-local operators characterizing topological order in the lowest-Landau-level (LLL). We show the first exact analytic computation of the quasielectron Berry connection and perform Monte Carlo simulations that numerically confirm the fusion mechanism for quasiparticles. Thus, two quasiholes plus one electron leads to an exact quasielectron state of fractional charge e/3 in a nu=1/3 Laughlin fluid. We express, in a compact manner, the sequence of (both bosonic and fermionic) Laughlin second-quantized states in a manner that highlights the lack of local condensation. Furthermore, we present a rigorous constructive subspace bosonization dictionary for the bulk fluid and establish the universal long-distance behavior of edge excitations by formulating a conjecture based on the DNA, or root state, of the FQH fluid.
The visceral fat area to skeletal muscle mass ratio (VSR) is significantly associated with the risk of cardiometabolic diseases in a young and middle-aged Chinese natural population: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Shi , Huang Yaping , Li Jing , Zhang Minyin , Wang Xiaohe , Wang Xincheng , Zhang Yanju , Du Meiyang , Li Chunjun , Lin Jingna 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Growing evidence has revealed that using BMI for assessment of obesity and cardiometabolic risk has some limitations. Visceral adiposity and skeletal muscle loss may be both correlated with cardiometabolic outcomes. This study aimed to explore the associations between the visceral fat area to skeletal muscle mass ratio (VSR) and the risk of several cardiometabolic diseases including metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia in a young and middle-aged Chinese natural population and further elucidate the differences of these associations between male and female. Methods: A total of 5158 participants were included in this study. Body composition, anthropometrical and biochemical measurements were performed. The associations between VSR and cardiometabolic diseases were analyzed. Results: Both in male and female, VSR was positively associated with the five cardiometabolic diseases and with the increase of VSR by one quartile, the ORs increased significantly for all the five cardiometabolic diseases (P trend<0.001). With regard to the highest versus the lowest quartile of VSR, the ORs for MAFLD, hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia were 17.23 (95% CI, 12.52-23.71), 15.47 (95% CI, 7.1-33.72), 5.12 (95% CI, 3.88-6.76), 3.16 (95% CI, 2.33-4.28) and 1.89 (95% CI, 1.42-2.51) in male, respectively. In female, the corresponding ORs were 41.15 (95% CI, 25.80-65.63), 21.62 (95% CI, 7.87-59.36), 9.64 (95% CI, 6.88-13.53), 9.34 (95% CI, 6.63-13.14) and 6.58 (95% CI, 3.45-12.56). The results of restricted cubic splines showed there were significant positive non-linear relationships between VSR and the risk of MAFLD, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and hypertension in both genders (P for non-linearity <0.05). The risk was relatively flat until when VSR reached 3.078 cm2/kg in men and 4.750 cm2/kg in women and started to increase rapidly afterwards. In men, however, the risk slowed down after VSR value got to around 4 cm2/kg and the curve became flat and even tended to decline. Conclusions: VSR was positively associated with cardiometabolic diseases regardless of gender. As VSR increased, the risk of cardiometabolic diseases was significantly higher in women than in men. Women should be more alert to the risk of cardiometabolic diseases caused by the increase of VSR.
Close contact management mode and epidemiological characteristics analysis of COVID-19 in Chengdu, China
Authors: Yang Kai , Deng Jiali , Yue Yong , Fan Shuangfeng , Liu Hui , Liu Zhijian , Zhang Shuang , Wang Lingyi , Dai Rong , Zhao Yao , Tuo Xiaoli 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
As a potential source of infection, the risk of close contacts has gradually increased. Close contact management mode and epidemiological characteristics for 20,254 close contacts from January 22, 2020 to April 1, 2021 in Chengdu, China were analyzed. The relationship with index cases was mainly co-passengers (73.52%) and relatives (13.64%), and the frequency of contact was mainly occasional contact (68.31%). 277 (1.37%) close contacts who were converted into cases were mainly found in the first and second nucleic acid tests (58.27%), and the contact mode was mainly by sharing transportation (37.55%). In terms of close contact management time, both the supposed ((13.00±3.23) vs. (12.84 ±6.91)) and actual ((14.13±24.02) vs. (14.00±12.98)) isolation time in Chengdu were longer than that of outer cities (P<0.001). Tracing and management of close contacts is a two-way management measure, which requires the cooperation among departments. Enhancing existing monitoring and response capabilities can control the spread of the epidemic to a certain extent.
Demographic and Social Factors associated with HIV discordance among HIV- infected couples in Kaduna State Nigeria.
Authors: Danboyi Daniel Abba 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: The study was conducted to assess the demographic and social factors associated with HIV discordance among HIV- infected couples. Discordance has always been a bane in the efforts to stop the spread of HIV within the population as it creates a gap through which re- infection occurs. Knowing the demographics associated with discordance will help in the fight against HIV by opening a window of effective disruption of the HIV transmission chain.Methods: A total of 158 couples and 317 individuals were recruited for the survey using a stratified sampling technique. These respondents accessed treatment at 9 HIV treatment centers in 9 Local Government Areas of the 23 Local Government Areas of Kaduna State. A detailed closed- ended questionnaire was administered to them to collect their demographic and social information. Blood test was also carried out to confirm their HIV status.Discussion: The results obtained in the study showed that majority 161(50.8%) of the respondents had secondary education while the least 29(9.1%) of them had tertiary education. Most of them 135(42.6%) knew their HIV status by voluntary testing, and most respondents 255(71%) were Christians while only 92(29%) were Muslims. The results also showed that more women 105(66.04%) were HIV positive, and the HIV discordance prevalence for Kaduna State was 0.2%. Social factors such as religion, education, employment, unprotected sex, extramarital affairs, body marks/tattoo, surgery/operation, tribal marks and blood transfusion had no effect on HIV discordance, with p- value ˃ 0.05. Other social factors such as remarriage, use of Antiretroviral therapy (ART), pre- marital sex, male/female circumcision and polygamy were found to have effect on HIV discordance, with p- value ˂ 0.05. There is need to draw the attention of HIV- infected couples to these facts to enable us succeed in the global war against the spread of HIV AIDS.
Algebraic action on Diminished chords
Authors: J Jackson 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Diminished chords are always ignored by musicians when they learn music theroy. Musicians and music theorists always study the properties and relations of Major and Minor chords or Consonant chords. In Neo-Riemannian theory of TI and PLR groups, he suggest a way of applying Dihedral group,$D_{12}$ to study the relation of Consonant chords. In this paper we will introduce some concepts of group theory to understand the algebraic relationship between the Diminished chords
Prevalence and Correlates of burnout among Lebanese Health Care Workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A national cross-sectional survey
Authors: Youssef Dalal , Abboud Edmond , Abou-Abbas Linda , Hassan Hamad , Youssef Janet 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

Since the COVID-19 pandemic has harshly burdened the healthcare systems, health care workers (HCWs) are at high risk of infection and confronted several stressors leading them to experience burnout. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of burnout among Lebanese health HCWs and to identify its associated factors.

Methods

A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between the first of November and the end of December 2020 among Lebanese HCWs working in all active hospitals distributed across the country. Using a snowball sampling technique, data was collected using an Arabic, anonymous, self-reported questionnaire comprising three sections: socio-demographic characteristics, COVID-19 exposure variables, the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), and the threat perception scale. CBI subscale cut-off score of 50 was used to assess the prevalence of burnout among HCWs. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the factors associated with the different aspects of burnout.

Results

Out of the 1751 respondents, personal burnout (PB) was detected in its moderate and high-level aspects among 86.3% of Lebanese HCWs. Work-related burnout (WB), and client-related burnout (CB) in their moderate and high levels hit 79.2% and 83.3% of HCWs respectively. HCWs who were females, married, physicians, those who have a poor health status, and those who had specific living conditions (dependent child, elderly at home, family member with comorbidities, and a low income) were more likely to exhibit a high level of PB compared to no/low burnout. Additionally, frontline HCWs, those infected or having a colleague infected by COVID-19, and those who had a high perception of COVID-19 threat were more prone to experience a high-level PB compared to no/low burnout as well. Working in a public hospital, extensive working hours, and insufficient sleeping hours were positively associated with high PB. However, older age and altruism were negatively associated with high PB compared to no/low PB. Similar factors were found either positively or negatively associated with a high level of WB excepting health status and living conditions factors (dependent child or family member). As for CB, older age of HCW (>30 years) and altruism were negatively associated with high CB compared to no/low burnout. However, working in the frontline, high threat perception, extensive working hours, insufficient sleeping hours, and low income were positively associated with high CB compared to no/low burnout.

Conclusion

The prevalence of burnout among Lebanese HCWs was high and alarming. Enacting and implementing preventive policies and effective interventions are highly required to cultivate wellness among HCWs.
The associated factors of suicide attempt in French sexual minority adolescents
Authors: Wang Xavier , ZHANG Zidong , COSQUER Mireille , GAN Quan , JOUSELLME Catherine , CORRUBLE Emmanuelle , FALISSARD Bruno , GRESSIER Florence 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Sexual minority adolescents have greater risk for suicide attempt than heterosexual youth. However, research on risk and protective factors is lacking in sexual minority youth. In this study, we aimed to identify novel risk and protective factors for suicide attempt using machine learning decision tree method. METHODS: The French cross-sectional study “Portraits adolescents” included 14 265 school-age adolescents. Decision tree algorithm was used to predict SA and to compare the different risk and protective factors between sexual minority youth and heterosexual peers. RESULTS: Twenty predictive factors were identified among the 70 survey fields output from the predictive modeling for SA. Substance consumptions were among the top risk factors for SA. Parental support was an important protective factor among all adolescents regardless of sexual orientation. Interestingly, through the decision tree, real-life friend support was found protective in heterosexual youth, online friend support was a protective factor in homosexual adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: Using the decision tree-based algorithm, we not only verified those important protective factors that were demonstrated in existing studies, but also discovered novel protective and attributive factors, such as real-life and online friend support. We urge that social networks should be optimize to provide safety and support for the sexual minority adolescents.
Role of Bioinformatics in Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Valand Jainam H. , Twine Davis , Kyomukamaa Moreen , Atino Rebecca , Buteme Grace Manana , Muhahiria Samson , Nalwoga Racheal , Omary Iddy , Nabwami Anita Grace , Otim Emmanuel , Kabasa David , Luyima Adam 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality around the world accounting for about 10 million deaths in 2020 according to the World Health Organization. The cancer types that claim the most lives around the world include breast cancer, lung cancer, stomach cancer, colon, and rectum cancer. There are a variety of risk factors that can lead to cancers ranging from the type of diet to the type of virus infection. The number of lives claimed by cancer every year can however be reduced through early detection of cancer during which there is a very high chance that the cancer can be cured if appropriate treatment is provided. Today, due to the development of microarray technology, large amounts of data on differentially expressed genes can be obtained from cancerous cells. This vast amount of data, therefore, requires the use of computational tools and databases to store, process, and extract valuable information from the collected data for example discovering new biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. This, therefore, calls for the application of bioinformatics resources to perform this task. The research article, therefore, focuses on how the different bioinformatics tools and databases have been used to improve cancer diagnosis through a systematic literature search on PubMed. From the literature search, it was seen that bioinformatics tools and databases have been used to detect different diagnostic biomarkers that were associated with the different cancer types such as cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, and lung cancer. The biomarkers detected thus help to improve early cancer detection and hence reduce cancer-related mortality. From the literature studied, it was also seen that some of the biomarkers detected for one type of cancer were also common to other cancer types. Bioinformatics, therefore, plays a vital role in the improvement of cancer diagnosis by detecting biomarkers that can be used to diagnose cancer. Bioinformatics also helps in identifying common biomarkers and differentially expressed genes in different cancer types which further improves the process of cancer diagnosis.
Gene delivery of a single,structurally engineered Coronavirus vaccine antigen elicits SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and pan-Sarbecovirus neutralisation
Authors: Heeney Jonathan , Vishwanath Sneha , Carnell George , Ferrari Matteo , Asbach Benedikt , Billmeier Martina , George Charlotte , Sans Maria Suau , Neckermann Patrick , Peterhoff David , Cantoni Diego , Wells David , Temperton Nigel , Frost Simon 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Of the coronaviruses that have caused zoonotic spill overs in past two decades, the diverse group of beta-coronaviruses (β-CoVs) represent the greatest threats. Towards achieving broad vaccine protection from these viruses, vaccines composed of multiple antigens, each capable of eliciting broad neutralising responses across a subgroup will be required. Utilising a novel platform for selecting immune optimized, structurally engineered antigens capable of eliciting protective responses across a group of related viruses, we demonstrate proof-concept against the greater sarbecoviruses sub-genus with a single antigen structure. From an array of phylogenetically informed antigen structures displaying different broad neutralising epitopes, synthetic genes expressing these were selected based on broad immune responses in BALB/C mice. Improved protection against the Delta variant was further observed in K18-hACE2 mice on boosting with the lead designs of mice primed by an approved COVID-19 vaccine. Immunogenicity of the lead vaccine antigen and breadth of neutralisation against the SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, WIV16, and RaTG13 was confirmed in guinea pigs using needleless intradermal immunisation. Immunogenicity was further confirmed in rabbits with GMP manufactured DNA immunogen. Notably, given the increasing number of mutations acquired by SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs), the rabbit sera were tested for the capacity to neutralise VOCs - Beta, Gamma, Delta, as well as the most diverse Omicron variant. The consistent neutralising ability of the vaccine sera against the emerging VOCs validate broad specificity of the vaccine design. Here, we demonstrate proof-of-concept of this Digitally Immune Optimised, Selected vaccine (DIOSvax) antigen pipeline for the in vivo selection of single nucleic acid-based immunogens. Such gene-based antigens can be readily delivered alone or in combination, and seamlessly scaled with vaccine delivery modalities such as viral vector or mRNA-based vaccines.
An evolutionary system of mineralogy, Part VI: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust (&gt;4370 Ma)
Authors: Morrison Shaunna M. , Prabhu Anirudh , Hazen Robert M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPart VI of the evolutionary system of mineralogy catalogs 262 kinds of minerals, formed by 18 different processes, that we suggest represent the earliest solid phases in Earth’s crust. All of these minerals likely formed during the first tens of millions of years following the global-scale disruption of the Moon-forming impact prior to ~4.4 Ga, though no samples of terrestrial minerals older than ~4.37 Ga are known to have survived on Earth today. Our catalog of the earliest Hadean species includes 80 primary phases associated with ultramafic and mafic igneous rocks, as well as more than 80 minerals deposited from immiscible S-rich fluids and late-stage Si-rich residual melts. Earth’s earliest crustal minerals also included more than 200 secondary phases of these primary minerals that were generated by thermal metamorphism, aqueous alteration, impacts, and other processes. In particular, secondary mineralization related to pervasive near-surface aqueous fluids may have included serpentinization of mafic and ultramafic rocks, hot springs and submarine volcanic vent mineralization, hydrothermal sulfide deposits, zeolite and associated mineral formation in basaltic cavities, marine authigenesis, and hydration of subaerial lithologies. Additional Hadean minerals may have formed by thermal metamorphism of lava xenoliths, sublimation at volcanic fumaroles, impact processes, and volcanic lightning. These minerals would have occurred along with more than 180 additional phases found in the variety of meteorites that continuously fell to Earth’s surface during the early Hadean Eon.