bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘I owe it to the animals’: The bidirectionality of Swiss alpine farmers' relational values
Authors: Chapman Mollie , Deplazes‐Zemp Anna 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Relational values have recently been proposed as a concept to expand our understanding of environmental values from the categories previously dominating the discourse: instrumental (nature for people's sake) and intrinsic values (nature for its own sake). Empirical and conceptual research on relational values has so far focused on the content of relational values or their relationship to other kinds of values.

In this paper, we fill a key gap in understanding exactly what relational values are and how they work; we call this the ‘syntax’ of relational values. We do so by applying the Syntax of Environmental Values Framework, which describes relational values as bidirectional, expressed by genuine respect and care on the one hand and an eudaimonic contribution to wellbeing on the other.

We developed a novel interview protocol which we applied in semistructured interviews with Swiss alpine farmers. We examine how both of these directions are manifested in farmers' relational values.

Our results showed how the bidirectionality manifests in relational values of alpine farmers. Specifically, we identified three components of each directionality. The intrinsic element of relational values was constituted by: an attitude of respect, attention to the relationship and practices of care. The instrumental element of relational values was constituted by: emotional and experiential contributions for the valuer, satisfaction and joy in the relationship, and practical contributions to the activities associated with the relationship (e.g. farm management). We further elaborate on the conditions required to sustain relational values, including physical, emotional and sociopolitical conditions.

These results informed an elaborated conceptual framework of relational values, and environmental valuing more generally. While specifically derived from our dataset, we believe our conclusions could directly or in a modified form, apply to diverse cases of relational valuing. In sum, this paper offers a concrete step towards better characterizing, distinguishing and applying the relational values concept.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
A modified piecewise linear constant life diagram for fatigue life prediction of carbon fiber/polymer multidirectional laminates
Authors: Behera Alok , Thawre Manjusha M. , Ballal Atul , Manjunatha CM , Krishnakumar Dinesh , Chandankhede Shardul 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPrediction accuracy of constant life diagrams (CLDs) for fiber‐reinforced plastics varies with the stacking, tensile/compression dominated failure, input S–N curves, the complexity of the plot, and so forth. The article's authors propose a modified piecewise linear CLD and compare its prediction accuracy with traditional piecewise and 2‐segment anisomorphic CLD. The constant amplitude fatigue life data for three different carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites multidirectional laminates that is (+45, −45, +45, and −45)2S, (+45, −45, 0, and 90)2S, and (0, 90, 0, and 90)2Swere generated at five different stress ratios (R = σmin/σmax) that is,R = 0.1 and 0.5 (T–T), −1 and critical stress ratio (T–C), and 5 (C–C). The proposed modified Piecewise linear CLD considers the critical stress ratio (UCS/UTS) as a definite input node. The prediction accuracy of the proposed CLD and others was evaluated using additional fatigue testing at random stress ratios and stress levels. The proposed CLD showed the highest prediction accuracy compared to Piecewise or Anisomorphic CLD. The non‐linear CLD plotted using single S‐N curve data may save time and effort but achieving absolute accuracy will ultimately depend on the stacking sequence.
Noninvasive prenatal screening for cystic fibrosis using circulating trophoblasts: Detection of the 50 most common disease‐causing variants
Authors: Jeppesen Line Dahl , Lildballe Dorte Launholt , Hatt Lotte , Hedegaard Jakob , Singh Ripudaman , Toft Christian Liebst Frisk , Schelde Palle , Pedersen Anders Sune , Knudsen Michael , Vogel Ida 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesCystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common severe autosomal recessive disorders. Prenatal or preconception CF screening is offered in some countries. A maternal blood sample in early pregnancy can provide circulating trophoblasts and offers a DNA source for genetic analysis of both the mother and the fetus. This study aimed to develop a cell‐based noninvasive prenatal test (NIPT) to screen for the 50 most common CF variants.MethodsBlood samples were collected from 30 pregnancies undergoing invasive diagnostics and circulating trophoblasts were harvested in 27. Cystic fibrosis testing was conducted using two different methods: by fragment length analysis and by our newly developed NGS‐based CF analysis.ResultsIn all 27 cases, cell‐based NIPT provided a result using both methods in agreement with the invasive test result.ConclusionThis study shows that cell‐based NIPT for CF screening provides a reliable result without the need for partner‐ and proband samples.
Design of equivalent‐input‐disturbance estimator based modified repetitive control with adaptive periodic event‐triggered for time‐varying delay nonlinear systems
Authors: Abd‐Elhaleem Sameh , Soliman Mohamed , Hamdy Mohamed 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article addresses the problems of the disturbance rejection and the periodic signal tracking for a class of time‐varying delay nonlinear systems subjected to unknown exogenous disturbances. To approximate the nonlinearity of the system, a Takagi‐Sugeno (T‐S) fuzzy model has been used. The proposed modified repetitive controller (MRC) scheme based on the equivalent‐input‐disturbance (EID) estimator improves the performance of periodic and aperiodic unknown disturbances rejection effectively and achieves good tracking performance for periodic references. Furthermore, an adaptive periodic event triggered mechanism based fuzzy state observer (APETM‐FSO) has been utilized to reduce data transmission, energy consumption, and computational burden, save the resources of communication. With the help of a designed adaptive event triggering condition, the APETM can detect the event occurrence, which is described by exceeding the error signal to a predetermined threshold. Only when the event occurs, the current data are transmitted otherwise, data can be kept unchanged using a zero‐order hold. Hence, The MRC, EID, and APETM‐FSO based on a time‐varying delay T‐S fuzzy model construct the overall system. Then, to achieve the asymptotic stability of the overall system subjected to unknown disturbances, sufficient conditions based on the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional stability theory and linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) are derived. In addition, the FSO and fuzzy state feedback controller gains are designed using the matrix decomposition and LMI approaches. Simulation results with comparative study are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed scheme.
Ferritin Nanocaged Doxorubicin Potentiates Chemo‐Immunotherapy against Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Immunogenic Cell Death
Authors: Chen Yang , Zeng Linyuan , Zhu Hongzhang , Wu Qifei , Liu Rong , Liang Qian , Chen Bin , Dai Haitao , Tang Keyu , Liao Changli , Huang Yonghui , Yan Xiyun , Fan Kelong , Du Jin‐Zhi , Lin Run , Wang Jun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma using immune checkpoint inhibitors has achieved certain success, only a subset of patients benefits from this therapeutic strategy. The combination of immunostimulatory chemotherapeutics represents a promising strategy to enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy. However, it is hampered by the poor delivery of conventional chemotherapeutics. Here, it is shown that H‐ferritin nanocages loaded with doxorubicin (DOX@HFn) show potent chemo‐immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma tumor models. DOX@HFn is constructed with uniform size, high stability, favorable drug loading, and intracellular acidity‐driven drug release. The receptor‐mediated targeting of DOX@HFn to liver cancer cells promote cellular uptake and tumor penetration in vitro and in vivo. DOX@HFn triggers immunogenic cell death to tumor cells and promotes the subsequent activation and maturation of dendritic cells. In vivo studies in H22 subcutaneous hepatoma demonstrate that DOX@HFn significantly inhibits the tumor growth with >30% tumors completely eliminated, while alleviating the systemic toxicity of free DOX. DOX@HFn also exhibits robust antitumor immune response and tumoricidal effect in a more aggressive Hepa1‐6 orthotopic liver tumor model, which is confirmed by the in situ magnetic resonance imaging and transcriptome sequencing. This study provides a facile and robust strategy to improve therapeutic efficacy of liver cancer.
Spectromicroscopy of Nanoscale Materials in the Tender X‐Ray Regime Enabled by a High Efficient Multilayer‐Based Grating Monochromator
Authors: Werner Stephan , Guttmann Peter , Siewert Frank , Sokolov Andrey , Mast Matthias , Huang Qiushi , Feng Yufei , Li Tongzhou , Senf Friedmar , Follath Rolf , Liao Zhohngquan , Kutukova Kristina , Zhang Jian , Feng Xinliang , Wang Zhan‐Shan , Zschech Ehrenfried , Schneider Gerd 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe combination of near edge X‐ray absorption spectroscopy with nanoscale X‐ray imaging is a powerful analytical tool for many applications in energy technologies, catalysis, which are critical to combat climate change, as well as microelectronics and life science. Materials from these scientific areas often contain key elements, such as Si, P, S, Y, Zr, Nb, and Mo as well as lanthanides, whose X‐ray absorption edges lie in the so‐called tender photon energy range 1.5–5.0 keV. Neither conventional grazing incidence grating nor crystal monochromators have high transmission in this energy range, thereby yielding the tender photon energy gap. To close this gap, a monochromator setup based on a multilayer coated blazed plane grating and plane mirror is devised. The measurements show that this novel concept improves the photon flux in the tender X‐ray regime by two‐orders‐of‐magnitude enabling previously unattainable laboratory and synchrotron‐based studies. This setup is applied to perform nanoscale spectromicroscopy studies. The high photon flux provides sufficient sensitivity to obtain the electronic structure of Mo in platinum‐free MoNi4 nanoparticles for electrochemical energy conversion. Additionally, it is shown that the chemical bonding of nano‐structures in integrated circuits can be distinguished by the electronic configuration at the Si‐K edge.
Why Hoffmann? His Chemistry**
Authors: Seeman Jeffrey I. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAbstract: Why was it that Roald Hoffmann was the perfect collaborator for R. B. Woodward for proposing the Principle of Conservation of Orbital Symmetry as the solution to the no‐mechanism puzzle? This publication presents 17 “tools” that Hoffmann used extensively and effectively prior to the Woodward‐Hoffmann collaboration that would he call upon reveal the mechanism of pericyclic reactions. In a sense, this is a biography of Hoffmann with a focus on his personal and professional skills as of May 5, 1964.
Vision Zero on Federal Level in Canada
Authors: Fuselli Pamela 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter will provide a summary of high-level details regarding Vision Zero implementation in Canada, looking specifically at research, strategies, and implementation experiences in British Columbia, Edmonton, Calgary, and Fort Saskatchewan in Alberta, Toronto in Ontario, and Montreal in Quebec. This chapter will speak to the differences between Vision Zero implementation in Canada compared with Sweden, considering the viewpoint and circumstances of the unique governmental structure in Canada and implementation in municipalities versus entire provinces or territories. Priorities for the future of Vision Zero will also be discussed, along with the intersections and role of public health and other applications of Vision Zero.
Vision Zero in the United Nations
Authors: Khayesi Meleckidzedeck 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines the development and use of Vision Zero policy and its related strategy, safe system approach, in the road safety programs of the United Nations and its specialized agencies. The chapter shows that progressively, Vision Zero moved from being cited in documents as an example of a transformative policy to being promoted as a way of thinking about or approaching road safety for countries to adopt. In addition, it has been used as a principle in the Road safety strategy for the United Nations System and its personnel. This strategy embraces the ethical imperative that “no road users, including pedestrians, should be killed or seriously injured in road crashes involving United Nations vehicles.” It commits United Nations organizations to Vision Zero. It calls for a shift from a traditional road safety approach to a safe system approach.
ISO 39001 Road Traffic Safety Management System, Performance Recording, and Reporting
Authors: Lie Anders , Tingvall Claes 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTraffic safety has shifted from being a solely individual issue to also include responsibilities from those organizations that influences the use and quality of the road transport system. This chapter explores the background of this and presents how ISO 39001 has been introduced as a tool to manage traffic safety in organisations. Further it is setting organizational road traffic safety into context of the 3rd Global Ministerial Conference on Road Safety, the Stockholm declaration and the decision of the United Nations general Assembly. The chapter also discusses how a value chain analysis can help organisations in understanding and tackling their road safety footprint and part of their sustainability reporting.
Consumer Ratings and Their Role in Improving Vehicle Safety
Authors: van Ratingen Michiel R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSafety ratings for cars, published by New Car Assessment Programmes (NCAPs) around the world, have mobilized consumers and enabled them to make a more intelligent, better-informed buying decision based on a car’s crash test performance. Consumer ratings involve comprehensive, objective, and realistic crash testing of cars, and the application of best-practice, consumer-oriented criteria and thresholds to promote safety enhancements beyond the legal requirements. Over time, the New Car Assessment Programmes have tailored their crash tests to focus on real-world priorities in the protection of car occupants and vulnerable road users. They have also successfully incorporated the assessment of new crash avoidance technologies, such as autonomous braking systems, in the ratings. All of this has made NCAP a driving force behind many improvements in the safety of vehicles throughout the world and a key instrument in reaching vision zero.
Speed-Limits in Local Streets: Lessons from a 30 km/h Trial in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Fildes Brian N. , Lawrence Brendan , Thompson Luke , Oxley Jennie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFatal and Severe Injuries (FSI) to vulnerable road users is a major road safety problem internationally. Recent resolutions by the Global Ministerial Conference on Road Safety called for a blanket 30 km/h speed limit in urban areas to address this problem. A project undertaken in Melbourne, Australia, set out to evaluate the effectiveness and benefits of a lower speed limit in a local residential area in the City of Yarra. The intervention comprised replacing 40 km/h speed limit signs in the treated area with 30 km/h signs with an adjacent untreated control area. A before and after study was employed with speed, resident surveys, and estimated safety benefits as measures of its success. Modest reductions in mean speed were observed in the after-phase of the study while benefits were impressive for vehicles travelling at higher speed levels where the risk of severe injury or death is greater. These findings represent an estimated 4% reduction in the risk of severe injury for pedestrians in the event of a collision. Questionnaire responses showed an increased degree of support for the 30 km/h speed limit in local streets in the trial area. The implication of these findings for road safety is discussed, along with the challenges and potential hurdles. Lower speed limits in local streets and municipalities is one important measure to help address vulnerable road users in residential local streets.
Urban Road Design and Keeping Down Speed
Authors: Corben Bruce 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines the opportunities available to a range of professions that directly or indirectly influence urban settings, to achieve Vision Zero safety outcomes. Starting with how we want our urban areas to be, the chapter examines options to eliminate the systemic risk of deaths and serious injuries on urban roads from three separate but related viewpoints; managing the threats to life and health posed by the energy embedded within the road transport system, the potential for crashes to occur and the exposure of those who use the system to severe injury risk from crashes. In urban settings, it is sometimes possible to eliminate or minimize vehicular traffic on selected roads and streets but, in general, it is either impractical or undesirable to do so. By physically separating vehicles from other vehicles, and from highly vulnerable road users, we risk creating the types of cities and towns that do not support our high level aspirations of highly liveable and healthy societies, with sustainable and equitable urban transport systems. Where physical separation is not viable, it becomes necessary to manage transport system energy to ensure risk remains below the levels we set for Vision Zero outcomes – no one being killed or seriously injured. The main focus of this chapter therefore is on the means by which we can manage kinetic energy, primarily through compatible combinations of infrastructure design and speed limit setting, to protect all who use urban roads. Vehicle technology and structural design are important considerations for system performance as a whole.
Speed and Technology: Different Modus of Operandi
Authors: Belin Matts-Åke , Vadeby Anna 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWithin Vision Zero as a strategy, it is imbedded the fact that injuries occur when the mechanical energy reaches individuals at rates that entail forces in excess of their thresholds for injury. Therefore, according to Vision Zero, there are three main strategies to eliminate fatalities and severe injuries due to road crashes: protect people from exposure of harmful energy, reduce the risk of events with harmful energy, and protect people from harmful energy in the event of a collision. Controlling speed is therefore of the task of utmost importance in a strategy such as Vision Zero.A traffic enforcement camera, or “speed camera,” system has the possibility to control speed in a road system, and it has the possibility to affect its road users both at a macro and a micro perspective. In a micro perspective, it primarily concerns how effective the cameras are locally at the road sections where the enforcement is focused on, while at a macro perspective it is more focused on how the camera enforcement system and strategies, possibly together with the overall enforcement strategy, affects attitudes and norms related to driving with excessive speed. Experience worldwide has proven the effectiveness of automated speed cameras in reducing speed and, in turn, crashes and injuries.In this chapter, firstly the rationale behind speed limits, speed management, and speed compliance strategies will be explored and analyzed, in particular from a Vision Zero perspective. Secondly, various different approaches to speed camera systems in Europe, in Sweden, Norway, the Netherlands, and France, will be analyzed and further explored. Finally, based on similarities and differences in approaches in these countries, in the last section some aspects concerning the setting of speed limits, speed management strategies that underpin the choice of camera technology, and modus of operandi, safety effects of and attitudes toward cameras, will be explored and discussed.
Responsibility in Road Traffic
Authors: Hansson Sven Ove 
Published: November 2022

AbstractVision Zero requires a new approach to the responsibility for safety. This chapter provides conceptual tools for the description and analysis of this and other responsibility issues. Distinctions between different types of responsibility are introduced, with a particular emphasis on the distinction between blame responsibility and task responsibility. The complex relationship between responsibility and causality is also delineated. This is followed by an analysis of the changes in responsibility assignments that are necessary to implement Visio Zero.
Liberty, Paternalism, and Road Safety
Authors: Hansson Sven Ove 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTraffic safety measures such as seat belts, helmets, and speed limits have often been opposed by people claiming that these measures infringe on their liberty. Safety measures are often described as paternalistic, i.e., as protecting people against their own will. This chapter provides a historical account of such criticism of safety measures, beginning with nineteenth-century opposition to sanitation measures, which were claimed to threaten the freedom to drink dirty water. The historical analysis has a surprising conclusion: Opposition to safety measures does not seem to have much to do with paternalism. Some measures that would typically be described as paternalistic, such as seat belts in commercial aviation and hard hats on construction sites, have met with no significant opposition. In contrast, some of the most vehemently opposed measures, such as speed limits and the prohibition of drunk driving, cannot with any vestige of credibility be described as paternalistic. This is followed by an analysis showing that due to our tendency to follow examples set by others (herd effects), purely self-affecting behavior is much less common than what has usually been assumed. Most of the opposition to safety measures in road traffic seem to result from some individuals’ desires to engage in activities that endanger other people’s lives. The social need to restrain the satisfaction of such desires is obvious.