bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reformulated McNamara RBE‐weighted beam orientation optimization for intensity modulated proton therapy
Authors: Ramesh Pavitra , Lyu Qihui , Gu Wenbo , Ruan Dan , Sheng Ke 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeEmpirical relative biological effectiveness (RBE) models have been used to estimate the biological dose in proton therapy but do not adequately capture the factors influencing RBE values for treatment planning. We reformulate the McNamara RBE model such that it can be added as a linear biological dose fidelity term within our previously developed sensitivity‐regularized and heterogeneity‐weighted beam orientation optimization (SHBOO) framework.MethodsBased on our SHBOO framework, we formulated the biological optimization problem to minimize total McNamara RBE dose to OARs. We solve this problem using two optimization algorithms: FISTA (McNam‐FISTA) and Chambolle‐Pock (McNam‐CP). We compare their performances with a physical dose optimizer assuming RBE = 1.1 in all structures (PHYS‐FISTA) and an LET‐weighted dose model (LET‐FISTA). Three head and neck patients were planned with the four techniques and compared on dosimetry and robustness.ResultsCompared to Phys‐FISTA, McNam‐CP was able to match CTV [HI, Dmax, D95%, D98%] by [0.00, 0.05%, 1.4%, 0.8%]. McNam‐FISTA and McNam‐CP were able to significantly improve overall OAR [Dmean, Dmax] by an average of [36.1%,26.4%] and [29.6%, 20.3%], respectively. Regarding CTV robustness, worst [Dmax, V95%, D95%, D98%] improvement of [−6.6%, 6.2%, 6.0%, 4.8%] was reported for McNam‐FISTA and [2.7%, 2.7%, 5.3%, −4.3%] for McNam‐CP under combinations of range and setup uncertainties. For OARs, worst [Dmax, Dmean] were improved by McNam‐FISTA and McNam‐CP by an average of [25.0%, 19.2%] and [29.5%, 36.5%], respectively. McNam‐FISTA considerably improved dosimetry and CTV robustness compared to LET‐FISTA, which achieved better worst‐case OAR doses.ConclusionThe four optimization techniques deliver comparable biological doses for the head and neck cases. Besides modest CTV coverage and robustness improvement, OAR biological dose and robustness were substantially improved with both McNam‐FISTA and McNam‐CP, showing potential benefit for directly incorporating McNamara RBE in proton treatment planning.
Phantom task‐based image quality assessment of three generations of rapid kV‐switching dual‐energy CT systems on virtual monoenergetic images
Authors: Greffier Joël , Viry Anaïs , Barbotteau Yves , Frandon Julien , Loisy Maeliss , de Oliveira Fabien , Beregi Jean Paul , Dabli Djamel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeTo compare the spectral performance of three rapid kV switching dual‐energy CT (DECT) systems on virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs) at low‐energy levels on abdominal imaging.MethodsA multi‐energy phantom was scanned on three DECT systems equipped with three different gemstone spectral imaging (GSI) platforms: GSI (1st generation, GSI‐1st), GSI‐Pro (2nd generation, GSI‐2nd ), and GSI‐Xtream (3rd generation, GSI‐3rd). Acquisitions on the phantom were performed with a CTDIvol close to 11mGy. For all platforms, raw data were reconstructed using filtered‐back projection (FBP) and a hybrid iterative reconstruction algorithm (ASIR‐V at 50%; AV50). A deep‐learning image reconstruction (DLR) algorithm (TrueFidelity) was used only for the GSI‐3rd. Noise power spectrum (NPS) and task‐based transfer function (TTF) were evaluated from 40 to 80 keV of VMIs. A detectability index (d′) was computed to assess the detection of two contrast‐enhanced lesions according to the keV level used.ResultsFor all GSI platforms, the noise magnitude decreased from 40 to 70 keV, and using AV50 compared to FBP. The average NPS spatial frequency (fav) and spatial resolution (TTF50%) were similar from 40 to 70 keV and decreased with AV50 compared to FBP. Compared to AV50, using DLR reduced the noise magnitude (−27% ± 3%) and improved fav values (10% ± 0%) and altering spatial resolution (2% ± 5%). For the two lesions, d′ values peaked at 70 keV for GSI‐1st and GSI‐2nd platforms and at 40/50 keV for GSI‐3rd, for all reconstruction algorithms. The highest d′ values were found for the GSI‐3rd with DLR.ConclusionDifferences in image quality were found between the GSI platforms for VMIs at low keV. The new DLR algorithm on the GSI‐3rd platform reduced noise and improved spatial resolution and detectability without changing the noise texture for VMIs at low keV. The choice of the best energy level in VMIs depends on the platform and the reconstruction algorithm.
Computational1H and13C NMR in structural and stereochemical studies
Authors: Krivdin Leonid B. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPresent review outlines the advances and perspectives of computational1H and13C NMR applied to the stereochemical studies of inorganic, organic, and bioorganic compounds, involving in particular natural products, carbohydrates, and carbonium ions. The first part of the review briefly outlines theoretical background of the modern computational methods applied to the calculation of chemical shifts and spin–spin coupling constants at the DFT and the non‐empirical levels. The second part of the review deals with the achievements of the computational1H and13C NMR in the stereochemical investigation of a variety of inorganic, organic, and bioorganic compounds, providing in an abridged form the material partly discussed by the author in a series of parent reviews. Major attention is focused herewith on the publications of the recent years, which were not reviewed elsewhere.
Diffusion MRI signal cumulants and hepatocyte microstructure at fixed diffusion time: Insights from simulations, 9.4T imaging, and histology
Authors: Grussu Francesco , Bernatowicz Kinga , Casanova‐Salas Irene , Castro Natalia , Nuciforo Paolo , Mateo Joaquin , Barba Ignasi , Perez‐Lopez Raquel 
Published: February 2022

PurposeRelationships between diffusion‐weighted MRI signals and hepatocyte microstructure were investigated to inform liver diffusion MRI modeling, focusing on the following question: Can cell size and diffusivity be estimated at fixed diffusion time, realistic SNR, and negligible contribution from extracellular/extravascular water and exchange?MethodsMonte Carlo simulations were performed within synthetic hepatocytes for varying cell size/diffusivity /, and clinical protocols (single diffusion encoding; maximum b‐value: {1000, 1500, 2000} s/mm2; 5 unique gradient duration/separation pairs; SNR = {, 100, 80, 40, 20}), accounting for heterogeneity in and perfusion contamination. Diffusion () and kurtosis () coefficients were calculated, and relationships between and were visualized. Functions mapping to were computed to predict unseen values, tested for their ability to classify discrete cell‐size contrasts, and deployed on 9.4T ex vivo MRI‐histology data of fixed mouse liversResultsRelationships between and are complex and depend on the diffusion encoding. Functions mapping to captures salient characteristics of and dependencies. Mappings are not always accurate, but they enable just under 70% accuracy in a three‐class cell‐size classification task (for SNR = 20, = 1500 s/mm2, = 20 ms, and = 75 ms). MRI detects cell‐size contrasts in the mouse livers that are confirmed by histology, but overestimates the largest cell sizes.ConclusionSalient information about liver cell size and diffusivity may be retrieved from minimal diffusion encodings at fixed diffusion time, in experimental conditions and pathological scenarios for which extracellular, extravascular water and exchange are negligible.
Aripiprazole LAI two‐injection start in a 16 year‐old adolescent with schizophrenia
Authors: Salvi Virginio , Appignanesi Cristina , Marpepa Brodinela , Orsolini Laura , Volpe Umberto 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAripiprazole long‐acting injection (LAI) is approved for the treatment of schizophrenia in adults. Recently, Europe and Canada approved the use of the two‐injection start regimen: two separate injections of 400‐mg long‐acting aripiprazole along with a single 20‐mg dose of oral aripiprazole. Aripiprazole showed efficacy in the treatment of adolescents with acute schizophrenia in several controlled trials, leading to its approval for 13‐ to 17‐year‐old adolescents with schizophrenia by the EMA. However, the LAI formulation still remains off‐label in adolescents.Case presentationThe patient was admitted to the General Psychiatry inpatient unit with a Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score of 136 and the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) score of 7. Aripiprazole was started and up‐titrated to 30 mg/d. After 3 weeks, the positive symptoms were significantly reduced; however, he still showed prominent negative symptoms. Clozapine 100 mg/d was added, and in the following 2 weeks, the patient appeared slightly more communicative and generally more aware of himself and the others. The PANSS total score decreased to 81. Due to poor insight, the patient was at‐risk not to take medications upon returning home; therefore, aripiprazole LAI was proposed. Since he urged to be discharged from the hospital, we opted for the two‐injection start. The medication was optimally tolerated, with no evidence of akathisia or other side effects. One month later, global functioning and illness insight improved; Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale score was 43 and CGI score 2.ConclusionsAripiprazole LAI showed good efficacy and tolerability in an adolescent with schizophrenia. The two‐injection start regimen was a safe and effective option.
Effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation technique on anxiety caused by Covid‐19 in pregnant women: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Zendehdel Mojgan , Elyasi Forouzan , Jahanfar Shayesteh , Emami‐Sahebi Azam 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTo determine the effectiveness of the progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) technique on anxiety caused by Covid‐19 in pregnant women under the auspices of comprehensive health service centers in the nineteenth district of Tehran University of Medical Sciences.MethodThis study is a randomized clinical trial. A total of 126 pregnant women were randomly allocated to the intervention group (N = 63) and control group (N = 63). All participants completed demographic questionnaires and the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale electronically. The intervention was held in six sessions through Sky Room (three times a week). It consisted of training and practicing the PMR. The intervention group was re‐evaluated with the related questionnaires immediately after the intervention and 2 weeks later, and the control group 2 and 4 weeks after the baseline.ResultsThere was a significant difference between the control and intervention groups at the baseline (P = .05). Nevertheless, analysis of variance test results showed that the difference between the intervention and control groups was found to be significantly different statistically; (22.92 ± 6.07) for intervention versus (28.13 ± 6.93) for control, with the second follow up (P = .01).ConclusionsProgressive muscle relaxation is used as a useful intervention to reduce anxiety in pregnant women during coronavirus pandemics educated and recommended with more emphasis and sensitivity in pregnancy care by healthcare providers.
Are we listening to community health workers? Experiences of the community health worker journey in rural South Africa
Authors: Stansert Katzen Linnea , Skeen Sarah , Dippenaar Elaine , Laurenzi Christina , Notholi Vuyolwethu , le Roux Karl , Rotheram‐Borus Mary Jane , le Roux Ingrid , Mbewu Nokwanele , Tomlinson Mark 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAccess to healthcare in developing countries remains a challenge. As a result, task‐shifting to community health workers (CHWs) is increasingly used to mitigate healthcare worker shortages. Although there is solid evidence of CHW program effectiveness, less is known about CHWs' experiences of becoming and then working daily as CHWs—information that should play an important role in the design of CHW programs. We examined the experiences of a group of CHWs working in a government‐run CHW program in South Africa's rural Eastern Cape Province. Semistructured qualitative interviews (N = 9) and focus groups (N = 2) focusing on motivations for becoming a CHW and experiences of working as CHWs were conducted and thematically analyzed. Three themes were identified: (1) becoming a CHW, (2) facing challenges in the field, and (3) gaining community acceptance through respect and legitimacy. In this study, CHWs were motivated by altruism and a desire to help their community. They faced a range of challenges such as limited training, lack of supervision, equipment shortages, logistical issues, and clinics with limited services. Respect and legitimacy through community acceptance and trust is crucial for effective CHW work. CHWs in this study described how confidentiality and their own persistence facilitated the process of gaining respect and legitimacy. CHWs have a unique knowledge of contexts and requirements for successful programs and greater efforts are needed to include their perspectives to improve and develop programs. Recognition is needed to acknowledge the significant personal input required by CHWs for programs to be successful.
Outcomes of late open fetal surgery for intrauterine spina bifida repair after 26 weeks. Should we extend the Management of Myelomeningocele Study time window?
Authors: Etchegaray Adolfo , Cruz‐Martínez Rogelio , Russo Ricardo Daniel , Martínez‐Rodríguez Miguel , Palma Fernando , Chavelas‐Ochoa Felipe , Beruti Ernesto , López‐Briones Hugo , Fregonese Rodolfo , Villalobos‐Gómez Rosa , Gámez‐Varela Alma , Allegrotti Hernan , Aguilar‐Vidales Karla 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate maternal and perinatal outcomes of late open fetal repair for open spina bifida (OSB) between 26+0–27+6 weeks.MethodsA cohort of fetuses with OSB who underwent open surgery in two fetal surgery centers (Argentina and Mexico). Two groups were defined based on the gestational age (GA) at intervention: Management of Myelomeningocele Study (MOMS) time window group: GA 19+0–25+6, and late intervention group: GA 26+0–27+6.ResultsIntrauterine OSB repair was successfully performed in 140 cases, either before (n = 57) or after (n = 83) 26 weeks, at on average 25+0 (22+6–25+6) and 26+5 (26+0–27+6) weeks + days, respectively. There were no significant differences in the rate of premature rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis, oligohydramnios, preterm delivery, perinatal death and maternal complications. The late intervention group showed a significantly lower surgical times (112.6 vs. 124.2 min, p = 0.01), lower interval between fetal surgery and delivery (7.9 vs. 9.2 weeks, p < 0.01) and similar rate of hydrocephalus requiring treatment (30.6% vs. 23.3%, p = 0.44) than the MOMS time window group.ConclusionLate fetal surgery for OSB repair between 26+0–27+6 weeks is feasible and was associated with similar outcomes than that performed before 26 weeks. These findings may allow an extension of the proposed time window for cases with late diagnosis or referral.
Effects of statin therapy and treatment duration on cardiovascular disease risk in patients with nephrotic syndrome: A nested case–control study
Authors: Zou Xinliang , Nie Li , Liao Yi , Liu Zhihui , Zheng Wanxiang , Qu Xiaolong , Xu Xiang , Qin Haoran , Wang Haidong , Liu Jianping , He Guoxiang , Jing Tao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough statins are the cornerstone of lipid management, hardly any of the existing studies on statin treatment of dyslipidemia in nephrotic syndrome (NS) addressed patient‐centered outcomes of cardiovascular events.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether statin treatment impacts the outcomes of cardiovascular events in patients with NS.DesignA single‐center, retrospective, nested case–control study analyzed data from the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University.PatientsPatients diagnosed with NS from January 1, 1999, to November 30, 2014, were selected and followed up for 5 years.Measurements and Main ResultsA total of 2706 patients with NS were enrolled in this study cohort. Among these, 115 patients diagnosed with cardiovascular disease (CVD) at the end of the observational period and 235 CVD‐free controls enrolled by 1:2 matching with gender, age, and index time were included in the study. Propensity score matching was used to match (1:1) the baseline characteristics of the cases and controls. The chi‐square test was performed based on whether the patient used a statin as an exposure factor, and binary logistic regression analysis of the association between cardiovascular events and statin therapy duration was conducted. Subgroup analyses for relevant variables were also performed. The chi‐square test showed that statin therapy was significantly associated with a reduction in CVD risk in patients with NS (p = 0.002). Furthermore, the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with NS decreased as the length of statin treatment increased (OR = 0.82 [95% CI 0.73–0.89], p < 0.001).ConclusionsFor NS patients with dyslipidemia, statin therapy may be used to decrease CVD risk, and extended treatment was associated with more significant risk reduction.
Identification of autism spectrum disorder and interprofessional collaboration between school and clinical settings
Authors: Gardner Lauren , Campbell Jonathan M. , Gilchrest Callie , McClain Maryellen B. , Shahidullah Jeffrey D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractProviding high‐quality services to autistic students and their caregivers requires interprofessional collaboration. This paper highlights the importance of collaboration between clinical and school settings to promote integrated and comprehensive care for autistic students and their caregivers. First, we present how autistic students are identified and diagnosed in school and clinical settings, with particular attention to how these processes impact access to services. Next, we present interprofessional collaborative practice (IPC) as a framework to facilitate increased collaboration between school and clinical providers working with autistic students. Key tenets of IPC that address barriers to collaboration and several examples of IPC are outlined. To assure readiness to engage in collaborative practice, we discuss graduate interprofessional education (IPE) as a means to train emerging professionals in IPC for autistic students. Finally, we highlight several examples of IPE training programs specific to autism and related developmental disabilities.
Reaction of electrons trapped in cryogenic matrices with benzophenone
Authors: Somani Ankit , Sander Wolfram 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe benzophenone radical anion 2 was generated by reaction of electrons with benzophenone 1 in argon and water matrices at cryogenic temperatures. Sodium as source of the electrons was co‐deposited with 1 in argon or in low‐density amorphous (LDA) water ice matrices. In solid argon, sodium atoms, 1, and small quantities of the radical anion 2 were observed after deposition. Visible light irradiation of these matrices resulted in an electron transfer from sodium to 1 under formation of the radical anion 2. If LDA water ice was used as matrix, hydrated electrons were generated after co‐deposition of water with sodium. The hydrated electrons react with 1 without photochemical activation, resulting in the formation of radical anion 2. The photoexcitation of radical anion 2 resulted in photoionization and back‐formation of benzophenone 1.
Predictors of poor outcomes of respiratory syncytial virus acute lower respiratory infections in children under 5 years of age in a middle‐income tropical country based on the National Public Health Surveillance System
Authors: Rodriguez‐Martinez Carlos E. , Barbosa‐Ramirez Juliana , Acuña‐Cordero Ranniery 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the present study is to gain insight into the identification of region‐specific factors associated with poor outcomes in children under 5 years of age with confirmed respiratory syncytial virus acute lower respiratory infection (RSV‐ALRI) living in Colombia, a middle‐income country, based on the National Public Health Surveillance System of the country.MethodsAn analytical cross‐sectional study was conducted using epidemiological data from the records of morbidity and mortality of respiratory infections as registered in the surveillance system report of the National Institute of Health of Colombia 2018, including children under 5 years of age with confirmed RSV‐ALRI. Predictor variables included demographic and clinical variables, as well as variables measured after hospital attendance. Outcome variables analyzed were respiratory failure, the need for pediatric intensive care unit admission, and mortality.ResultsOf a total of 8470 patients with a diagnosis of ALRI, we selected 1215 (14.3%) that were under 5 years of age and were positive for RSV. After controlling for potential confounders, it was found that age, gender, socioeconomic stratum, incomplete pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 13 immunization for age, cardiac disease, and malnutrition as comorbidities, chest X‐ray findings, and development of sepsis independently predicted poor outcomes among the patients analyzed.ConclusionsThe identified predictors for poor outcomes in RSV‐affected children may be helpful for guiding efficient and targeted national and/or regional programs and public policies to assist in achieving Goal 3 of the Sustainable Development Goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015.
Quintessence and the Swampland: The Numerically Controlled Regime of Moduli Space
Authors: Cicoli Michele , Cunillera Francesc , Padilla Antonio , Pedro Francisco G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe provide a detailed discussion of the main theoretical and phenomenological challenges of quintessence model building in any numerically controlled regime of the moduli space of string theory. We argue that a working quintessence model requires a leading order non‐supersymmetric (near) Minkowski vacuum with an axionic flat direction. This axion, when lifted by subdominant non‐perturbative effects, could drive hilltop quintessence only for highly tuned initial conditions and a very low inflationary scale. Our analysis has two important implications. Firstly, scenarios which are in agreement with the swampland conjectures, such as those that include runaways, or supersymmetric AdS and Minkowski vacua, cannot give rise to phenomenologically viable quintessence with full computational control. This raises doubts on the validity of the swampland dS conjecture since it would imply a strong tension between quantum gravity and observations. Secondly, if data should prefer dynamical dark energy, axion models based on alignment mechanisms look more promising than highly contrived hilltop scenarios.