bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Dynamics of Heroin and Illicit Opioid Use Disorder, Treatment, and Recovery
Authors: Cole Sandra , Wirkus Stephen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOpioid use disorder (OUD) has become a serious leading health issue in the USA leading to addiction, disability, or death by overdose. Research has shown that OUD can lead to a chronic lifelong disorder with greater risk for relapse and accidental overdose deaths. While the prescription opioid epidemic is a relatively new phenomenon, illicit opioid use via heroin has been around for decades. Recently, additional illicit opioids such as fentanyl have become increasingly available and problematic. We propose a mathematical model that focuses on illicit OUD and includes a class for recovered users but allows for individuals to either remain in or relapse back to the illicit OUD class. Therefore, in our model, individuals may cycle in and out of three different classes: illicit OUD, treatment, and recovered. We additionally include a treatment function with saturation, as it has been shown there is limited accessibility to specialty treatment facilities. We used 2002–2019 SAMHSA and CDC data for the US population, scaled to a medium-sized city, to obtain parameter estimates for the specific case of heroin. We found that the overdose death rate has been increasing linearly since around 2011, likely due to the increased presence of fentanyl in the heroin supply. Extrapolation of this overdose death rate, together with the obtained parameter estimates, predict that by 2038 no endemic equilibrium will exist and the only stable equilibrium will correspond to the absence of heroin use disorder in the population. There is a range of parameter values that will give rise to a backward bifurcation above a critical saturation of treatment availability. We show this for a range of overdose death rate values, thus illustrating the critical role played by the availability of specialty treatment facilities. Sensitivity analysis consistently shows the significant role of people entering treatment on their own accord, which suggests the importance of removing two of the most prevalent SAMHSA-determined reasons that individuals do not enter treatment: financial constraints and the stigma of seeking treatment for heroin use disorder.
Advances in Thermally Sprayed WC-Based Wear-Resistant Coatings: Co-free Binders, Processing Routes and Tribological Behavior
Authors: Torkashvand Kaveh , Joshi Shrikant , Gupta Mohit 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA growing understanding of wear behavior of various thermally sprayed ceramic–metallic matrix coatings has occurred over recent years. This has resulted from the continuous evolution in spraying methods as well as material feedstock, and the corresponding new aspects of the field that have been thoroughly explored. This paper aims to review recent developments in thermally sprayed tungsten carbide-based coatings, with specific emphasis on evaluating alternative binders, processing routes and tribological behavior of the coatings. A comprehensive evaluation of various compositions as binders for WC-based coatings, considering environmental concerns and market requirements has been carried out. The properties and performance of various potential alternatives for cobalt as a conventional binder for these coatings have been assessed. Moreover, different thermal spray methods have been reviewed, particularly highlighting the role of processing parameters, phase change and feedstock characteristics in the high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) and high-velocity air fuel (HVAF) techniques. A comparison is made between HVAF and HVOF coatings in terms of their performance under different wear environments. Finally, various scenarios of material removal in HVAF and HVOF coatings, under various wear conditions, have also been reviewed.
Will our cardiomyopathy patients accept gene therapy?
Authors: Doevendans P. A. , Kupatt C. , Giacca M. , Glijnis P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNovel techniques such as gene therapy are becoming available in an attempt to cure inherited diseases. Before these new therapies can be offered to patients, we need to be aware of potential reservations or objections, not only from patients and their surroundings but also from the public. In addition, legal issues and costs need attention before curative gene therapy can be applied in the clinic. As this therapeutic approach is closer to becoming a reality, now is the right time to start the debate.
Utilisation of extrusion method in geotechnical tests: conception and theoretical analysis
Authors: Manafi Masoud S.G. , Deng An , Taheri Abbas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExtrusion method has been utilised in a variety of product-processing units such as metal casting and food processing. The process of extruding is relatively fast and reproducible, and more importantly, can benchmark shear resistance of extruded materials. These advantages have propelled researchers to practice the extrusion method to determine soil properties, e.g. Atterberg limits and shear strength. Although the mechanics behind the extrusion process remains less understood, studies have verified the feasibility of the benchmarking. This study presents the theoretical basis underpinning the extruding process by extending the conventional slab analysis method to model the entire process of extruding. The developed analytical method is original in assessing the extrusion of the dead material zone and considering the dynamic move of extruded materials. The novel theoretical analysis enhances a more accurate estimation of extruding pressure and builds a solid foundation for developing extrusion tests in geotechnical engineering. In addition, the described extrusion mechanics explains reasons for observing some discrepant correlations to other geotechnical parameters due to the different soil deformation mechanisms among the test methods.
Plasma sICAM-1 as a Biomarker of Carotid Plaque Inflammation in Patients with a Recent Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Puig Núria , Camps-Renom Pol , Camacho Mercedes , Aguilera-Simón Ana , Jiménez-Altayó Francesc , Fernández-León Alejandro , Marín Rebeca , Martí-Fàbregas Joan , Sánchez-Quesada Jose Luis , Jiménez-Xarrié Elena , Benitez Sonia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) identifies carotid plaque inflammation and predicts stroke recurrence in patients with atherothrombotic stroke. The aim of the study was to identify plasma inflammatory biomarkers associated with plaque inflammation according to 18F-FDG uptake. We conducted a prospective study of consecutive adult patients with a recent (< 7 days) anterior circulation ischemic stroke and at least one atherosclerotic plaque in the ipsilateral internal carotid artery. We included 64 patients, 57.8% of whom showed a carotid stenosis ≥ 50%. All patients underwent an early (< 15 days from inclusion) 18F-FDG PET, and a blood sample was obtained at days 7 ± 1 from the stroke. The plasma concentration of 16 inflammation-related molecules was analyzed in a Luminex using xMAP technology. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the association between plasma biomarkers and the standardized uptake value (SUV) of 18F-FDG uptake. Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), and fractalkine (FKN) were independently associated with plaque inflammation (β = 0.121, 95% CI 0.061–0.181, p < 0.001; β = 0.144, 95% CI 0.012–0.276, p = 0.033; β = 0.136, 95% CI 0.037–0.235, p = 0.008). In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, sICAM-1 was associated with SUVmax ≥ 2.85 (OR = 1.02, 95% CI 1.00–1.03, p = 0.020). Multivariable Cox regression was used to assess the association between biomarkers and stroke recurrence. sICAM-1 was associated with stroke recurrence (HR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.00–1.05, p = 0.002). In summary, elevated concentrations of sICAM-1 were associated with carotid plaque inflammation and an increased risk of stroke recurrence in patients with recent ischemic stroke and carotid atherosclerosis.
Design Thinking Innovation Within the Quadruple Helix Approach: a Proposed Framework to Enhance Student Engagement Through Active Learning in Digital Marketing Pedagogy
Authors: Bustard John R. T. , Hsu Daniel Hsiang , Fergie Rachael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to develop a framework for enhancing student engagement through active learning and design thinking workshops online. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the need for digital engagement exponentially, yet the important experiences of collaborative and active learning (AL) have become more challenging to facilitate and support in circumstances of remote access during classes. As such, design thinking (DT) online presented a unique opportunity to explore this collaborative approach to engaging in user-centred design and design innovation. To explore a specific curriculum design dilemma and validate the methodology adopted, online DT workshops were conducted with two different cohorts of students toward co-creating more student-centred forms of learning in two digital marketing (DM) courses. The approach was guided by the POLARIS active learning framework to embed the framework’s seven perspectives (Purpose, Objectives, Learning landscape, Activities and assessment, Resources, Inter-relation with stakeholders, and Student engagement) which were considered to better enhance student engagement in an online learning environment. Using the framework proposed, which additionally integrates Quadruple Helix Model (QHM) actors, would facilitate further DT innovation towards co-creating new value in digital marketing pedagogy, curriculum design, and beyond.
Transforming Learning Environments in Early Childhood Contexts Through the Arts: Responding to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Chapman Susan Narelle , O’Gorman Lyndal 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUNESCO’s Education for Sustainable Development Roadmap highlights the need to transform learning environments by integrating the 17 Sustainable Development Goals from United Nations Agenda 2030. This presents challenges for early childhood education in establishing a trajectory to transform the way young children see the world and themselves. These challenges include: reviewing adults’ views of children’s capabilities, developing strategies to support children’s resilience and ensuring that children have their say, and pushing back against narrow views of children’s learning. ECE supporting sustainability, global citizenship, human rights, and peace (see goals 4.2 and 4.7) can be underpinned by arts experiences that allow young children to engage with others’ lived experiences. This paper supports the notion that the arts can play a crucial role in supporting transformative education and addressing the challenges facing ECE for sustainability. Through an Arts Immersion approach to learning and teaching, the arts can be accessed as unique languages for inclusive learning and communicating. In support of this broader pedagogy, understandings of literacy and numeracy, physical development, social-emotional development, and learning that are presented in the SDGs 4.2 and 4.7 are critiqued. In considering challenges for ECE for sustainability and the role that the arts can play in transforming ECE, this paper argues that the languages of the arts can enable young children to understand issues relating to sustainability, to express this understanding more vividly, and to build their agency as global citizens in a more sustainable, just, and peaceful world.
Mind the Gap: Internet Pornography Exposure, Influence and Problematic Viewing Amongst Emerging Adults
Authors: Bernstein Shireen , Warburton Wayne , Bussey Kay , Sweller Naomi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Characterised by both exploration and engagement in risky behaviours, late adolescence and emerging adulthood are periods of particular vulnerability to dysregulated behaviours. One such behaviour less well explored is that of problematic Internet pornography (IP) viewing, despite viewing explicit online material becoming increasingly pervasive and normative.

Method
In 2020, 385 (270 females, 110 males) Australian undergraduate students (aged 17–25 years) completed an online survey assessing exposure to IP, affective and cognitive responses to IP, IP-related sexual beliefs, self-assessed problematic IP viewing and key psychological vulnerability factors. Correlational and regression analyses were utilised to assess the relationships between variables.

Results
Most male (57.3%) and female (33.7%) respondents recalled their first exposure to IP as occurring between 12 and 14 years; however, 28.2% of males and 23.7% females recalled their exposure as occurring between 9 and 11 years, and a small proportion were exposed even earlier. Higher IP viewing frequency, positive affective responses to IP at current exposure, elevated sexual impulsivity and the endorsement of IP-related sexual beliefs were all found to be associated with self-assessed problematic IP viewing.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that both person and situational factors may contribute to problematic IP viewing patterns. IP viewing may also be shaping the sexual beliefs and behaviours of some viewers.

Policy Implications
There is little consensus on the factors that may lead IP viewing to become problematic, which limits the ability of clinicians to identify more susceptible individuals. These findings suggest that in addition to dysregulation factors such as sexual impulsivity, dissociation and depression, affective responses to IP and IP-related beliefs may also be important to consider when assessing for whom IP viewing may become problematic.
Identification a novel de novo RUNX2 frameshift mutation associated with cleidocranial dysplasia
Authors: Gong Lei , Odilov Bekzod , Han Feng , Liu Fuqiang , Sun Yujing , Zhang Ningxin , Zuo Xiaolin , Yang Jiaojiao , Wang Shouyu , Hou Xinguo , Ren Jianmin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare genetic disorder affecting bone and cartilage development. Clinical features of CCD comprise short stature, delayed ossification of craniofacial structures with numerous Wormian bones, underdeveloped or aplastic clavicles and multiple dental anomalies. Several studies have revealed that CCD development is strongly linked with different mutations in runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) gene.

Objective
Identification and functional characterization of RUNX2 mutation associated with CCD.

Methods
We performed genetic testing of a patient with CCD using whole exome sequencing and found a novel RUNX2 frameshift mutation: c.1550delT in a sporadic case. We also compared the functional activity of the mutant and wild-type RUNX2 through immunofluorescence microscopy and osteocalcin promoter luciferase assay.

Results
We found a novel RUNX2 frameshift mutation, c.1550delT (p.Trp518Glyfs*60). Both mutant RUNX2 and wild-type RUNX2 protein were similarly confined in the nuclei. The novel mutation caused abrogative transactivation activity of RUNX2 on osteocalcin promoter.

Conclusions
We explored a novel RUNX2 deletion/frameshift mutation in a sporadic CCD patient. This finding suggests that the VWRPY domain may play a key role in RUNX2 transactivation ability.
Secret-free security: a survey and tutorial
Authors: Rührmair Ulrich 
Published: March 2022

Abstract“Classical keys,” i.e., secret keys stored permanently in digital form in nonvolatile memory, appear indispensable in modern computer security—but also constitute an obvious attack target in any hardware containing them. This contradiction has led to perpetual battle between key extractors and key protectors over the decades. It is long known that physical unclonable functions (PUFs) can at least partially overcome this issue, since they enable secure hardware without the above classical keys. Unfortunately, recent research revealed that many standard PUFs still contain other types of “secrets” deeper in their physical structure, whose disclosure to adversaries breaks security as well: Examples include the manufacturing variations in SRAM PUFs, the power-up states of SRAM PUFs, or the signal delays in Arbiter PUFs. Most of these secrets have already been extracted in viable attacks in the past, breaking PUF-security in practice. A second generation of physical security primitives now shows potential to resolve this remaining problem, however. In certain applications, so-called Complex PUFs, SIMPLs/PPUFs, and UNOs are able to realize not just hardware that is free of classical keys in the above sense, but completely “secret-free” instead. In the resulting hardware systems, adversaries could hypothetically be allowed to inspect every bit and every atom, and learn any information present in any form in the system,withoutbeing able to break security. Secret-free hardware would hence promise to be innately and permanently immune against any physical or malware-based key-extraction: There simply is no security–critical information to extract anymore. Our survey and tutorial paper takes the described situation as starting point, and categorizes, formalizes, and overviews the recently evolving area ofsecret-free security. We propose the attempt of making hardware completely secret-free as promising endeavor in future hardware designs, at least in those application scenarios where this is logically possible. In others, we suggest that secret-free techniques could be combined with standard PUFs and classical methods to construct hybrid systems with notably reduced attack surfaces.
Furanocembranoid from the Okinawan soft coral Sinularia sp.
Authors: Nagasaka Misaki , Tani Kazuki , Nishikawa Keisuke , Kinjo Riri , Ishii Takahiro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOne new furanocembranoid diterpene, 11-hydroxy-Δ12(13)-pukalide (1), along with six known secondary metabolites, 11-acetoxy-Δ12(13)-pukalide (2), 13α-acetoxypukalide (3), pukalide (4), 3α-methoxyfuranocembranoid (5), Δ9(15)-africanene (6), and methyl (5′E)-5-(2′,6′-dimethylocta-5′,7′-dienyl)furan-3-carboxylate (7) were isolated from the Okinawan soft coral Sinularia sp. Their chemical structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic analysis (FTIR, NMR, and HRESIMS), and the relative stereochemistry of 1 was determined by NOESY experiments and acetylation, which yielded derivative 2. In addition, compounds 1 and 7 exhibited toxicity in the brine shrimp lethality test.
Graphical Abstract
Modeling phosphorene and $$\hbox {MoS}_{2}$$ interacting with iron: lubricating effects compared to graphene
Authors: Losi Gabriele , Cutini Michele , Restuccia Paolo , Righi M. Clelia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPhosphorene, a single layer of black phosphorus, is attracting interest for several applications, among which tribology. Here, we investigate its possible use as a solid lubricant for iron-based materials by comparing its friction-reduction properties with $$\hbox {MoS}_{2}$$

MoS
2

and graphene. Through first-principle calculations, we predict that phosphorene adheres more strongly to the native iron surface than the other considered 2D materials. The higher adhesion suggests that a stable and durable coverage of reactive surface regions can be obtained with phosphorene. Furthermore, our simulation uncovers the peculiar behavior of phosphorene to exfoliate into two atomic-thin layers upon interface intercalation. This capability makes phosphorene reduce the nano-asperity adhesion very efficiently thanks to the simultaneous passivation of the surface and countersurface. These results suggest that better performances could be obtained by phosphorene than other solid lubricants at low concentrations.
Surface Treatment of Inorganic CsPbI3 Nanocrystals with Guanidinium Iodide for Efficient Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes with High Brightness
Authors: Hoang Minh Tam , Pannu Amandeep Singh , Yang Yang , Madani Sepideh , Shaw Paul , Sonar Prashant , Tesfamichael Tuquabo , Wang Hongxia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe remarkable evolution of metal halide perovskites in the past decade makes them promise for next-generation optoelectronic material. In particular, nanocrystals (NCs) of inorganic perovskites have demonstrated excellent performance for light-emitting and display applications. However, the presence of surface defects on the NCs negatively impacts their performance in devices. Herein, we report a compatible facial post-treatment of CsPbI3 nanocrystals using guanidinium iodide (GuI). It is found that the GuI treatment effectively passivated the halide vacancy defects on the surface of the NCs while offering effective surface protection and exciton confinement thanks to the beneficial contribution of iodide and guanidinium cation. As a consequence, the film of treated CsPbI3 nanocrystals exhibited significantly enhanced luminescence and charge transport properties, leading to high-performance light-emitting diode with maximum external quantum efficiency of 13.8% with high brightness (peak luminance of 7039 cd m−2 and a peak current density of 10.8 cd A−1). The EQE is over threefold higher than performance of untreated device (EQE: 3.8%). The operational half-lifetime of the treated devices also was significantly improved with T50 of 20 min (at current density of 25 mA cm−2), outperforming the untreated devices (T50 ~ 6 min).
Notfallausweis, Notfallmedikation und Informationsmaterial zur Prävention und Therapie der Nebennierenkrise (Addison-Krise): Ein österreichisches Konsensusdokument
Authors: Pilz Stefan , Krebs Michael , Bonfig Walter , Högler Wolfgang , Hochgerner Anna , Vila Greisa , Trummer Christian , Theiler-Schwetz Verena , Obermayer-Pietsch Barbara , Wolf Peter , Scherer Thomas , Kiefer Florian , Fröhlich-Reiterer Elke , Gottardi-Butturini Elena , Kapelari Klaus , Schatzl Stefan , Kaser Susanne , Höfle Günter , Schiller Dietmar , Stepan Vinzenz , Luger Anton , Riedl Stefan 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungEin wichtiges Ziel bei der Behandlung der Nebenniereninsuffizienz ist die Prävention der Nebennierenkrise (auch akute Nebenniereninsuffizienz oder Addison-Krise genannt). Um in Österreich eine bessere Implementierung sowie Harmonisierung der Maßnahmen zur Prävention und Therapie der Nebennierenkrise zu erreichen, wurde dieses Konsensusdokument erarbeitet. Folgende Maßnahmen werden grundsätzlich für alle Patient*innen mit Nebenniereninsuffizienz empfohlen und in diesem Manuskript ausführlich erörtert: 1. Versorgung mit einer Notfallkarte („steroid emergency card“) sowie evtl. auch mit einem Armband oder einer Halskette (oder Ähnlichem) mit medizinischem Alarmhinweis „Nebenniereninsuffizienz, benötigt Glukokortikoide“. 2. Versorgung mit einem Hydrocortison-Notfallkit zur Injektion (alternativ auch Suppositorien/Zäpfchen zur Notfallapplikation) sowie ausreichenden oralen Glukokortikoiddosen für Stresssituationen/Erkrankungen. 3. Schulung von Patient*innen und Angehörigen zur Steigerung der Glukokortikoidtherapie in Stresssituationen bzw. bei Erkrankungen („sick day rules“) und zur Selbstinjektion von Hydrocortison. 4. Versorgung mit einer Behandlungsleitlinie (Informationszettel) zur Prävention und Therapie der Nebennierenkrise, welche bei Bedarf auch dem Gesundheitspersonal gezeigt werden soll. 5. Versorgung mit einer Notfall-Telefonnummer des behandelnden endokrinologischen Teams und/oder medizinisch geschulter Betreuungspersonen bzw. Angehöriger. 6. Regelmäßige (vorzugsweise jährliche) Wiederholung der Schulungsmaßnahmen. Dieses Konsensusdokument beinhaltet auch ausführliche Empfehlungen für die perioperative Glukokortikoidtherapie sowie für diverse andere Stresssituationen.