bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D printed human organoids: High throughput system for drug screening and testing in current COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Parihar Arpana , Pandita Vasundhara , Khan Raju 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the current pandemic, scenario the world is facing a huge shortage of effective drugs and other prophylactic medicine to treat patients which created havoc in several countries with poor resources. With limited demand and supply of effective drugs, researchers rushed to repurpose the existing approved drugs for the treatment of COVID‐19. The process of drug screening and testing is very costly and requires several steps for validation and treatment efficacy evaluation ranging from in‐vitro to in‐vivo setups. After these steps, a clinical trial is mandatory for the evaluation of treatment efficacy and side effects in humans. These processes enhance the overall cost and sometimes the lead molecule show adverse effects in humans and the trial ends up in the final stages. Recently with the advent of three‐dimensional (3D) organoid culture which mimics the human tissue exactly the process of drug screening and testing can be done in a faster and cost‐effective manner. Further 3D organoids prepared from stems cells taken from individuals can be beneficial for personalized drug therapy which could save millions of lives. This review discussed approaches and techniques for the synthesis of 3D‐printed human organoids for drug screening. The key findings of the usage of organoids for personalized medicine for the treatment of COVID‐19 have been discussed. In the end, the key challenges for the wide applicability of human organoids for drug screening with prospects of future orientation have been included.
Black students' experiences of “acceptable” racism at a UK university
Authors: Osbourne Lateesha , Barnett Julie , Blackwood Leda 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOur research, conducted with 30 Black students at a predominantly White institution, used mixed qualitative methods to investigate Black students' sense‐making of experiences that signalled their non‐belonging. All participants experienced both overt and covert racism including the n‐word, racist humour, and negative stereotyping; and this occurred in public and intimate spaces. Our reflexive thematic analysis centred on interactional dynamics that can explain how racism on campus is rendered acceptable; and how and why this is consequential for how Black students can act. We found that White students' practices of “acceptable” racism entailed the denial of responsibility and the privileging of White experiences to deflect responsibility. Importantly, these devices signal that the use of racist discourses does not always arise from unconscious bias or naivety. The perceived power dynamics whereby White students decide who belongs and what is acceptable contributed to Black students' inability to act on their own terms.
Fragment Screening Yields a Small‐Molecule Stabilizer of 14‐3‐3 Dimers That Modulates Client Protein Interactions
Authors: Brink Hendrik J. , Riemens Rick , Thee Stephanie , Beishuizen Berend , da Costa Pereira Daniel , Wijtmans Maikel , de Esch Iwan , Smit Martine J. , de Boer Albertus H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe development of protein‐protein interaction (PPI) inhibitors has been a successful strategy in drug development. However, the identification of PPI stabilizers has proven much more challenging. Here we report a fragment‐based drug screening approach using the regulatory hub‐protein 14‐3‐3 as a platform for identifying PPI stabilizers. A homogenous time‐resolved FRET assay was used to monitor stabilization of 14‐3‐3/peptide binding using the known interaction partner estrogen receptor alpha. Screening of an in‐house fragment library identified fragment 2 (VUF15640) as a putative PPI stabilizer capable of cooperatively stabilizing 14‐3‐3 PPIs in a cooperative fashion with Fusicoccin‐A. Mechanistically, fragment 2 appears to enhance 14‐3‐3 dimerization leading to increased client‐protein binding. Functionally, fragment 2 enhanced potency of 14‐3‐3 in a cell‐free system inhibiting the enzyme activity of the nitrate reductase. In conclusion, we identified a general PPI stabilizer targeting 14‐3‐3, which could be used as a tool compound for investigating 14‐3‐3 client protein interactions.
The legacy of kinesins in the pollen tube 30 years later
Authors: Cai Giampiero 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe pollen tube is fundamental in the reproduction of seed plants. Particularly in angiosperms, we now have much information about how it grows, how it senses extracellular signals, and how it converts them into a directional growth mechanism. The expansion of the pollen tube is also related to dynamic cytoplasmic processes based on the cytoskeleton (such as polymerization/depolymerization of microtubules and actin filaments) or motor activity along with the two cytoskeletal systems and is dependent on motor proteins. While a considerable amount of information is available for the actomyosin system in the pollen tube, the role of microtubules in the transport of organelles or macromolecular structures is still quite uncertain despite that 30 years ago the first work on the presence of kinesins in the pollen tube was published. Since then, progress has been made in elucidating the role of kinesins in plant cells. However, their role within the pollen tube is still enigmatic. In this review, I will postulate some roles of kinesins in the pollen tube 30 years after their initial discovery based on information obtained in other plant cells in the meantime. The most concrete hypotheses predict that kinesins in the pollen tube enable the short movement of specific organelles or contribute to generative cell or sperm cell transport, as well as mediate specific steps in the process of endocytosis.
Tunable Multi‐Phase System for Highly Chemo‐Selective Oxidation of Hydroxymethyl‐Furfural
Authors: Polidoro Daniele , Perosa Alvise , Selva Maurizio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThree different multiphase systems (MP 1–3) comprised of two immiscible liquids, with or without an ionic liquid (IL: methyltrioctyl ammonium chloride), were investigated for the oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethyl‐furfural (HMF) over 5 % Ru/C as a catalyst and air (8 bar) as an oxidant. These conditions proved versatile for an excellent control of the reaction selectivity to 4 distinct products derived from full or partial oxidation of the carbonyl and alcohol functions of HMF, and each one achieved in 87–96 % isolated yield at complete conversion. MP1 based on water and isooctane, yielded 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA, 91 % yield). In MP2, obtained by adding the IL to MP1, the oxidation proceeded towards the formation of 5‐formyl‐2‐furancarboxylic acid (FFCA, 87–89 % yield). MP2 also proved successful in the design of a one pot–two step oxidation/reduction sequence to prepare 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furancarboxylic acid (HMFCA, 85 % yield). In MP3, the use of an acetonitrile/cyclooctane biphase yielded 2,5‐diformylfuran (DFF, 96 % yield). All the multiphase systems MP 1–3 allowed a perfect segregation of the catalyst in a single phase (either the hydrocarbon or the IL) distinct from the one containing HMF and its oxidation products. This was crucial not only for the catalyst/product separation but also for the recycle of Ru/C that was possible under all the tested conditions. Accordingly, MP‐reaction were run in a semicontinuous mode without removing the catalyst from the reactor nor resorting to conventional separation and activation techniques. Negligible Ru leaching, less than 0.96 ppb, was measured in all cases.
An effective maximum power point tracking technique for partially shaded photovoltaic system under rapidly changing atmospheric conditions
Authors: KT Swetha , Reddy Barry Venugopal , Robinson Abin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPartial shading is an unavoidable severe problem experienced by a photovoltaic system. The P‐V characteristics are highly non‐linear and exhibit multiple peaks under partial shading conditions (PSC). The conventional MPPT techniques are unable to track global maximum power point (GMPP) under PSC. Various bio‐inspired optimization methods employed for MPPT were presented in the literature. The operation of each algorithm differs from one another when tracking the GMPP. Therefore, this paper proposes a hybrid of adaptive particle swarm optimization (APSO) and Nelder Mead (NM) in searching for the global maximum power point. In this hybrid method, the unnecessary movement of APSO particles is minimized, leading to rapid convergence without the local trapping of the NM process. Thus, the proposed algorithm can balance both explorations by APSO and exploitation by NM. Extensive simulations are performed using Matlab/Simulink, which shows that this method successfully tracks global power under various shading patterns. The proposed method is compared with existing advanced optimization algorithms. Further validation is done via experimental analysis, and it confirms that the proposed method performs better in tracking maximum global power, less steady‐state oscillations, and fast‐tracking speed. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed method in tracking GMPP with an average efficiency of 99.32% and an average tracking time of 0.513 s.
Pre‐existing humoral immune comebacks control the development of the severe form of coronavirus disease 2019 in Gaucher patients
Authors: Pandey Manoj Kumar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and the Gaucher disease (GD) exhibit lot of resemblances in induction of innate and adaptive immune inflammation that include the immune cells activation and the massive generation of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, which are all critical for propagation of the disease process and the multiple organ damage. However, majority of the GD patients have not revealed the expansion of severe form of the COVID‐19. This study suggests that the pre‐existing humoral immunity influence the devlopment of strong network of antibodies to different structural proteins of SARS‐CoV2 in GD patients with COVID‐19. Such antibodies and virus proteins interaction cause the comprehensive neutralization of SARS‐CoV2 and provides protection from the development of severe form of COVID‐19 in GD patients. This information could be helpful for better understanding of the disease mechanism as well as the development of additional potential therapy that could stop the growth of the severe symptoms and/or death in GD patients with COVID‐19.
A novel foot‐shaped elliptically embedded patch‐ultra wide band antenna with quadruple band notch characteristics verified by characteristic mode analysis
Authors: Koteswara Rao Devana Venkata Naga , Kusuma Kumari Emandi , Chakradhar Karnam Serkadu , Kadali Sharma Purnima , Rama Devi Danthuluri , Manohar Kumar Chebrolu , Dhana Raj Valluri , Prasad Devathoti Rajendra 
Published: June 2022

SummaryA novel foot‐shaped elliptically embedded patch (EEP) ultra wide band (UWB) antenna with four band elimination features is demonstrated. The designed antenna incorporates embedded ellipses as its structure, a 50 Ω microstrip line feed, and a defective rectangular ground structure (DRGS). The antenna has 22 × 32 mm2 in size, with a frequency spectrum of 2.8–13.3 GHz, and a fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 130%. On the radiating element, four half‐wavelength inverted U‐shaped slots are used to create four band‐stop characteristics and are verified by using characteristic mode analysis (CMA). The antenna has four band rejection characteristics, exhibiting S11 > –10 dB at 3.37 GHz for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) (3.17–3.61 GHz), 3.95 GHz for C (3.70–4.34 GHz), 5.49 GHz for wireless local area network (WLAN) (5.16–5.82 GHz), and 8.31 GHz for ITU‐8 (8.10–8.64 GHz) bands. The proposed EEP radiator with four notch characteristics has voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) values of 10.5, 25.6, 8.9, and 3.8 for notch center frequencies of 3.37, 3.95, 5.49, and 8.31 GHz. The proposed antenna peak gain fluctuates from 1.6 to 4.4, peak efficiency is 98.92%, group delay variations are less than 0.65 ns, linear phase response, and transfer function is less than –35 dB all across the entire UWB operating bandwidth except for notched frequency bands, which makes it appropriate for UWB portable applications.
Governance challenges for urban logistics: Lessons from three Norwegian cities
Authors: Rosales Rafael , Haarstad Håvard 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAchieving more sustainable urban freight transport is a key challenge for cities, especially with the rise of diverse urban delivery services. However, the governance of urban freight transport and urban logistics has typically been seen as the domain of the private sector. In this paper we argue for a reframing of urban logistics as a matter of concern for public authorities, and subsequently, we examine logistics as an urban governance challenge: how is urban logistics addressed by urban level authorities? The empirical basis for the paper is a study of three Norwegian cities—Bergen, Trondheim, and Stavanger—currently working to integrate logistics into their governance processes. These cities are currently piloting solutions, sharing experiences, and attempting to establish effective regulations and measures. Nonetheless, various institutional barriers are preventing the implementation of public governance processes for urban logistics. We emphasise the need for clarified responsibilities in the public sector and for reconciliation between different users of public space, including urban logistics actors. In conclusion, we point to key issues to be addressed by an emerging research literature on the governance of urban logistics for sustainability.
Experimental and theoretical study on horizontal flame spread through arrays of wooden dowels
Authors: Li Mi , Jiang Lin , Xiao Hua‐Hua , Sun Jin‐Hua 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFlame spread along discrete fuel element is of great interest for both fundamental science and fire prevention, whose combustion properties may be different from those of homogenous materials. It has been a long time for researchers in fire science to find a simple and effective method to construct a discrete flame spread model. This work was motivated by the research of 2‐D horizontal discrete flame spread behaviors with different spacings and rows, establishing the prediction model of ignition time and global mass loss rate (MLR). In this work, burning characteristics of the 2‐D discrete flame spread were experimentally studied with six different row numbers (1–11 with an interval of 2) of cylindrical dowels (birch wood, 3 mm diameter × 50 mm height) under three selected spacings (6, 7, and 8 mm). Based on the heat transfer model developed, the theoretical models of ignition time and MLR were obtained and validated. Moreover, combined with previous studies, the numerical correlation between dimensionless flame height and dimensionless heat release rate for the 2‐D horizontal discrete flame spread scenario was established. This study provided an insight into the horizontal discrete flame spread mechanism in the aspect of heat and mass transfer, which may be applied in the prediction and assessment of discrete fuel fires in reality.
Sparse group variable selection for gene–environment interactions in the longitudinal study
Authors: Zhou Fei , Lu Xi , Ren Jie , Fan Kun , Ma Shuangge , Wu Cen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPenalized variable selection for high‐dimensional longitudinal data has received much attention as it can account for the correlation among repeated measurements while providing additional and essential information for improved identification and prediction performance. Despite the success, in longitudinal studies, the potential of penalization methods is far from fully understood for accommodating structured sparsity. In this article, we develop a sparse group penalization method to conduct the bi‐level gene–environment (G  E) interaction study under the repeatedly measured phenotype. Within the quadratic inference function framework, the proposed method can achieve simultaneous identification of main and interaction effects on both the group and individual levels. Simulation studies have shown that the proposed method outperforms major competitors. In the case study of asthma data from the Childhood Asthma Management Program, we conduct G  E study by using high‐dimensional single nucleotide polymorphism data as genetic factors and the longitudinal trait, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, as the phenotype. Our method leads to improved prediction and identification of main and interaction effects with important implications.
The Contingent Valuation Method contributes solutions for wildlife conservation: A case study at the Sepilok Orangutan Rehabilitation Centre in Borneo, Malaysia
Authors: Musa Fazilah , Darman Damri 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Deforestation is an alarming issue that is prolific throughout world forests. Endemic fauna, flora, and wildlife habitat loss are serious concerns for world heritage. That is why Goal 15 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) promotes the conserved use of these natural resources. Sabah, Malaysia is fortunate to have “Orang Hutan” literally “Jungle People” in the Sepilok Forest area. The government had designated the Sepilok Orangutan Rehabilitation Centre as their safeguard. Indeed, this is the world's first Rehabilitation Centre for Orangutans. However, the wildlife conservation of Orangutans needs to be translated into economic values. This study aims to determine the economic valuation of wildlife conservation through visitors' Willingness to Pay (WTP) via applying the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). A total of 143 questionnaires were distributed randomly to international and local visitors. The Logistic Regression was used to estimate the Mean WTP. Results showed that several significant sociodemographic variables influence the respondents' WTP. Nevertheless, most respondents were willing to pay a maximum of MYR16.73, while the mean was MYR7.27 only. In 2017, the estimated annual economic value of the Rehabilitation Centre was MYR9, 697 074.96 compared to the estimated conservation value of MYR96, 970 749.60. The findings of this study demonstrate the possible beneficial role of economic valuation in assisting not just Orangutan conservation but threatened species conservation elsewhere. The study has assisted the Centre's management in determining the appropriate entrance fees for the future, as they have not been revised in over a decade. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:1174–1186. © 2022 SETAC
KEY POINTS
Several significant sociodemographic variables influence the respondents' Willingness to Pay. Most respondents' Willingness to Pay was a maximum of MYR16.73, while the mean was MYR7.27. There is a critical need for Orangutan conservation. This study seeks to assist the Centre's management in determining the appropriate entry fees.
Capital‐constrained loan creation, household stock market participation and monetary policy in a behavioural new Keynesian model
Authors: Kotb Naira , Proaño Christian R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we incorporate a stock market and a banking sector in a behavioural macro‐finance model with heterogenous and boundedly rational expectations. Households' savings are diversified among bank deposits and stock purchases, and banks' lending to firms is subject to capital‐related deviation costs. We find that households' participation in the stock market, coupled to the existence of a capital‐constrained banking sector affects the transmission of monetary policy to the economy significantly, and that households' deposits act as a critical spill‐over channel between the real and the financial sectors. Further, we relate the deviation costs in the banking sector with the degree of pass‐through of monetary policy shocks. Last, we investigate the performance of a leaning‐against‐the‐wind monetary policy, which targets asset prices concerning macroeconomic and financial stability.
Multimodal therapy including robot‐assisted radical cystoprostatectomy for locally advanced prostate cancer with bladder and ureteral invasion: A case report
Authors: Okumi Masayoshi , Kujime Yuma , Matsumura Soichi , Kitakaze Hiroaki , Nakano Kosuke , Hongo Sachiko , Yoshioka Iwao , Takada Shingo 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionIt remains unclear whether robot‐assisted radical cystoprostatectomy for locally advanced prostate cancer represents excessive treatment.Case presentationA 58‐year‐old man presented with urinary retention and renal failure. Prostate‐specific antigen level was 38.07 ng/mL and computed tomography scans revealed bilateral hydronephrosis due to prostate enlargement. Prostate biopsy revealed a Gleason score of 5 + 5 adenocarcinoma, and bilateral hydronephrosis persisted even after urethral catheter placement. We diagnosed locally advanced prostate cancer with bladder and ureteral invasion. Percutaneous bilateral nephrostomy was performed, and neoadjuvant hormone therapy was initiated. Four months after the start of hormone therapy, robot‐assisted radical cystoprostatectomy and an intracorporeal ileal conduit were performed, followed by adjuvant radiation therapy for lymph node metastasis. Seven months after the surgery, the patient was free of disease with prostate‐specific antigen level <0.03 ng/mL.ConclusionRobot‐assisted radical cystoprostatectomy can be an effective multimodal therapy for locally advanced prostate cancer with bladder and ureteral invasion by locally advanced prostate cancer.
Effect of physical exercise and noninvasive brain stimulation on cognition and dementia of elderly people with frailty: A randomized study
Authors: da Silva Vernon Furtado , Silva Diego Augusto Santos , Martins Priscila Custódio , Calomeni Mauricio Rocha , de Aquino Freire Ivete , Militão Angeliete Garcês , Borges Célio José , de Barros Vilela Junior Guanis , de Moraes Mario Antônio , Silva Antônio José Rocha Martins , de Almeida Marinho Daniel , Ribeiro Domingos Edno Castro , Ribeiro Edinilson Castro , Valentim‐Silva João Rafael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe objective was to verify the effects of intervention with physical and mental exercises (PMED) and noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) on cognition and dementia of frail elderly people with mild cognitive deficits. Sixty elderly people (aged 65–80 years) were divided into three groups, an experimental group (GAE) that received intervention with PMED plus NIBS, a control group for physical exercises (GCA), which received only the PMED, and the third also control non‐invasive brain stimulation group (GCF) that practiced only the NIBS intervention. The three types of intervention lasted 10 weeks, with 60 min per session The GAE received 20 min of NIBS, 5 min for warm‐up, 30 min for physical and mental training and 5 min for a cooling down rest. The other two groups had the same period per section, being that the GCA, in place of the real NIBS, had 20 min of white noise and the GCF, instead of practicing the real plan of physical exercises as did the other groups, experienced 30 min of relaxing exercises for body relaxation. Inhibitory control, working memory, dementia symptoms, and the brainwaves alpha‐band rhythm and resting‐state sensorimotor rhythm [SMR]) were the variables evaluated before and after the interventions. Individuals in the GAE group showed improvement in working memory (p < 0.0001), but those in the GCF (p > 0.05) and the GCA (p > 0.05) groups did not. All groups experienced an improvement in inhibitory control, alpha‐band rhythm and in the SMR rhythms. All groups also obtained a reduction in the dementia symptoms, but no difference between groups was observed. So, the interventions improved cognition, reduced dementia symptoms, and had a modulating effect on alpha wave activity and SMR in elderly people with mild cognitive deficits and frailty, but only the combined intervention (PMED plus NIBS) improved working memory.