bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Hydrogen-Rich Saline in Neuroinflammation and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Rat Model of Sepsis-associated Encephalopathy
Authors: Dumbuya John Sieh , LI Siqi , LIANG Lili , CHEN Yachen , DU Jiang , ZENG Qiyi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is one of the most common types of sepsis-related organ dysfunction without overt central nervous system (CNS) infection. It is associated with higher mortality, low quality of life, and long-term neurological sequelae in suspected patients. At present there is no specific treatment for SAE rather than supportive therapy and judicious use of antibiotics, which are sometimes associated with adverse effects. Molecular hydrogen (H2) has been reported to play crucial role in regulating inflammatory responses, neuronal injury, apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in adult models of SAE. Here we report the protective effect of hydrogen-rich saline in juvenile SAE rat model and its possible underling mechanism(s).

Materials and methods

Rats were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at a dose of 8ml/kg injected intraperitoneally to induce sepsis and hydrogen-rich saline (HRS) administered 1h following LPS induction at a dose of 5ml/kg. Rats were divided into: sham, sham+HRS, LPS and LPS+HRS. At 48h, rats were sacrificed and Nissl staining for neuronal injury, TUNEL assay for apoptotic cells detection, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA protocol for inflammatory cytokines determination, mitochondrial dysfunction parameters, electron microscopy and western blot analysis were studied to examine the effect of HRS in LPS-induced septic rats.

Results

Rats treated with HRS improved neuronal injury, improvement in rats’ survival rate. ELISA analysis showed decreased TNF-α and IL-1β and increased IL-10 expression levels in the HRS-treated group. Apoptotic cells were decreased after HRS administration in septic rats. The numbers of GFAP and IBA-1positive cells were attenuated in the HRS-treated group when compared to the LPS group. Subsequently, GFAP and IBA-1 immunoreactivity were decreased after HRS treatment. Mitochondrial membrane potential detected by JC-1 dye and ATP content were decreased in septic rats, which were improved after HRS treatment, while release of ROS was increased in the LPS group reverted by HRS treatment, ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction. Further analysis by transmission electron microscopy showed decreased number of mitochondria and synapses, and disrupted mitochondrial membrane ultrastructure in the LPS group, while HRS administration increased mitochondria and synapses number.

Conclusion

These data demonstrated that HRS can improve survival rate, attenuate neuroinflammation, astrocyte and microglial activation, neuronal injury and mitochondrial dysfunction in juvenile SAE rat model, making it a potential therapeutic candidate in treating paediatric SAE.
Behavioral and infordisruptive responses of Cyclope neritea and Nassarius mutabilis exposed to Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)
Authors: Leung Ho Man , Sung Ka Chun , Cheung Kwai Chung , Yue Patrick Ying Kit , Woo Lai Yan , Au Chi Kin , Yung Ken Kin Lam , Li Wai Chin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The objective of this work was to investigate the behavioural characteristics of C. neritea and N. mutabilis when exposed to different levels of PBDEs in an attempt to foresee the possible impacts for an aquatic ecosystem. The status of the snails’ activities was recorded by using Behavioral State Score (BSS). Significant different was found in the snail’s behavior in high toxicant concentration than in low toxicant concentration with p-value smaller than 0.01. The new findings reveal that PBDEs can induce intersex behaviour in snails. Further studies should be focused on exposure of snails to various kinds of PEDE derivatives to study the extent of behavioural change under the influence of PBDE derivatives.
An Interpretation of Crustal Structure and Hydrocarbon Evolution of the South Caspian and Kura Basins, Azerbaijan
Authors: Abdullayev Nazim , Huseynova Shalala , Javadova Arzu , Kadirov Fakhraddin , Maharramov Bakir , Mukhtarov Abdulvahab Sharif 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
South Caspian and Upper Kura Basins are a genetically linked system created in a Mesozoic extensional setting with a complex Cenozoic sediment fill history. This study presents new maps delineating these basins, and an interpretation of the regional geodynamic history. Over 150 onshore and offshore borehole temperature measurements, geothermal gradients, and surface heat flow data were integrated into the existing tectonic framework.
Effect of patch thickness and size on the low-velocity impact of patch-repaired CFRP composite laminates for rail vehicles
Authors: Chen Xuanzhen , Peng Yong , Wang Kui , Zhang Honghao , Liu Zhixiang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this study, a high-strength carbon fiber reinforced composite laminate for rail vehicles was machined as a perforated sample and repaired with a patch of the same material. The response of the repaired laminate to a low-velocity impact with an energy of 30 J was investigated through experiments and simulations. The finite element simulation model was established in Abaquas/Explicit. The model integrated the progressive damage model based on the Hashin failure criterion, which can simulate the intralaminar damage of the fiber and the matrix. The cohesive zone model was used to simulate the delamination damage. According to the finite element analysis results, the mechanism and process of impact damage of the repaired laminates were analyzed. Based on the validated finite element model, the effect of patch size and thickness on impact damage was investigated. The reduction in patch size had little effect on the impact response, but could change the damage mechanism of the repaired laminate and increase the risk of damage to the mother panel. Repair laminate with a patch thickness of 0.6 mm was not able to resist impact and was penetrated.
A Pilot Study about the Effectiveness of High-Dose Donepezil in Cognitive Function and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Parkinson’s disease with Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Chung Eun Joo , Jung Jin Ho , Kim Sang Jin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background:Donepezil is used for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) with dementia. Donepezil has been shown to improve behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in AD and DLB dose-dependently. We analyzed whether administration of 23 mg/day of donepezil would be more effective than 10 mg/day for both cognitive function and neuropsychiatric symptoms in PD patients with cognitive impairment (CI).
Methods:Ten patients diagnosed with PD by the UK Brain Bank Criteria participated in the study. The cognitive function of patients was adequate according to the criteria for major and minor neurocognitive disorders. Among all patients already taking 10 mg/day donepezil, 3 patients increased the dose to 23 mg/day and then maintained this dose for 24 weeks. Seven of the 10 patients continued the10 mg/day dose for 24 weeks. The Korean version of mini-mental status examination (K-MMSE), Korean version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (K-MoCA), and caregiver-administered neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI) were examined at baseline and 24 weeks.
Results:Compared to the 23 mg/day group, the 10 mg/day donepezil group showed a younger age at onset and a longer disease duration at baseline. The K-MMSE and K-MoCA scores were higher in the 10 mg/day group than in the 23 mg/day group at baseline. However, the K-MMSE and K-MoCA of the donepezil 23 mg/day group after 24 weeks showed more improvement than those of the donepezil 10 mg/day group. In eight patients who performed the NPI, mood disorders (depression, anxiety, apathy) frequently appeared at both baseline and 24 weeks, in contrast to psychosis (delusion and hallucination).
Conclusions:Compared to 10 mg/day donepezil, 23 mg/day donepezil was more effective in improving cognitive function in PD in a dose-dependent manner. Total scores in NPI showed a worse outcome in the 10 mg/day group after 24 weeks, despite being younger and having less severe parkinsonism compared to the 23 mg/day group. Because psychosis was frequent in PD with dementia, high rates of mood disorders and low rates of psychosis were associated with PD with cognitive impairment in this study.
Scleral thickness as a risk factor for central serous chorioretinopathy and pachychoroid neovasculopathy
Authors: Keidel Leonie , Schworm Benedikt , Langer Julian , Luft Nikolaus , Herold Tina , Hagenau Felix , Klaas Julian , Priglinger Siegfried , Siedlecki Jakob 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background/Objectives. While the exact pathophysiology of pachychoroid disorders remains unclear, scleral changes inducing increased venous outflow resistance are hypothesized to be involved. This work aims to investigate anterior scleral thickness (AST) as a risk factor for central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and pachychoroid neovascularization (PNV). Subjects/Methods. Randomized prospective case-control study performed at the Ludwig Maximilians-University, Department of Ophthalmology. 46 eyes of 46 patients were included, with 23 eyes in the CSC/PNV group (9 eyes with PNV) and 23 eyes in the control group. There was no difference in mean age (51.5 ± 8.0 (36 to 65) vs. 47.0 ± 12.9 (30 to 83) years; p = 0.122) or spherical equivalent (0.60 ± 2.23 (-5.5–4.6) vs. -0,93 ± 2.45 (-4.9–5.8); p = 0.441). In all patients, swept source OCT (SS-OCT) with an anterior segment module was used to measure AST. Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) was assessed using enhanced depth imaging OCT (EDI-OCT). AST and SFCT were then compared to an age and -refraction-matched control group. Results. A significantly higher AST was found in the CSC/PNV as compared to the control group (403.5 ± 68.6 (278 to 619) vs. 362.5 ± 62.6 (218 to 498) µm; p = 0.028). Moreover, the CSC/PNV group showed a higher SFCT (392.8 ± 92.8 (191–523) vs. 330.95 ± 116.5 (167–609) µm, p = 0.004). Conclusions. Compared to age- and refraction-matched controls, patients with CSC and PNV show a significantly thicker anterior sclera. Scleral thickness might contribute to the venous overload hypothesized to induce pachychoroid phenotypes.
IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON DIAGNOSIS OF LUNG CANCER
Authors: Kızılırmak Deniz , Yılmaz Zeynep , Havlucu Yavuz , Çelik Pınar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:Non-COVID hospital admissions decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic and follow-up of people in the lung cancer risk group was delayed. There are not enough studies on the effects of the pandemic period on the diagnosis of lung cancer.Aims:In this study, it was aimed to determine the characteristics of patients diagnosed with lung cancer in the pre-pandemic and pandemic period and to investigate the effects of the pandemic on the diagnosis of lung cancer.Methods:Patients with newly diagnosed lung cancer 16 months before and after the detection of the first Covid-19 case were retrospectively analyzed for their characteristics at the time of diagnosis. Age, gender, pathological diagnosis, distant organ metastasis status and also pathological stages at the time of diagnosis of the patients were analyzed.Results:246 patients were included in the study. 145 of the patients were diagnosed in the pre-pandemic period and 101 during the pandemic period. Mean age of patients was 64.24 years and 91.87% were male. Pathological diagnosis distributions were similar in the pre-pandemic group and the pandemic period group. Distant organ metastases were present in 59.31% of the pre-pandemic group and 65.35% of the pandemic group. There was no significant difference in terms of the stages of the patients at the time of diagnosis.Conclusions:Number of patients diagnosed with lung cancer during the pandemic period was lower. The characteristics of the patients were similar. These results may have resulted from the decrease in applications to health institutions due to social isolation and fear of COVID-19 infection, and limitations in accessing health services.
Intrarectal formalin treatment for haemorrhagic radiation induced proctopathy: efficacy and safety
Authors: Kohoutova Darina , Gee Caroline , Wilson Ana , Elhusseiny Ramy , Wanders Linda , Cunningham David 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Pelvic radiotherapy is limited by a dose dependent toxicity to the surrounding organs. Total doses exceeding 60Gy are associated with a higher risk of rectal bleeding. If radiation induced chronic haemorrhagic proctopathy (RHP) is severe and/or causes iron-deficiency anaemia, treatment should be offered. Aim of this prospective study was to evaluate efficacy and safety of intrarectal formalin treatment for haemorrhagic RHP at the Royal Marsden Hospital.
Methods
Adult patients who received pelvic radiotherapy were enrolled. Haemoglobin was evaluated before the first and after the last formalin treatment. Antiplatelet, anticoagulation treatment and administration of transfusion (indication: RHP) were recorded. Interval between the completion of radiotherapy and the first intrarectal 5% formalin treatment was assessed; dose of radiotherapy was evaluated. Clinical assessment of frequency & amount of rectal bleeding (rectal bleeding score: 1-6) and endoscopic appearance (score: 0-3) were classified. Complications were recorded.
Results
Nineteen patients were enrolled: 13 males (68%) and 6 females. Mean age was 75±9 years. Median time between completion of radiotherapy and the first formalin treatment was 20 months, inter-quartile range (IQR): 15. Median dose of radiotherapy was 68Gy, IQR: 14. Thirty-two procedures were performed (1.7 per patient). In total, 9/19 (47%) patients were receiving anticoagulation and/or antiplatelet medication. Five patients (5/19, 26%) received transfusion. Mean value of haemoglobin before the first formalin treatment was 110±18g/l, after the last treatment 123±16g/l; p=0.022. Median of rectal bleeding score before the first formalin treatment was 6 (IQR: 0), after the last treatment 2 (IQR: 1-4); p˂0.001. Median of endoscopy score on the day of the first treatment was 3 (IQR: 0); on the day of the last treatment 1 (IQR: 1-2); p˂0.001. The median follow-up was 6 months (IQR: 4-16). One female patient with a persistent rectal ulcer which healed eventually (18 months of healing) developed a recto-vaginal fistula subsequently (complication rate: 1/19: 5%).
Conclusions
Treatment with intrarectal formalin in RHP is effective and safe.
Determination of Inherent Antibiotic Drug Resistance and Pathogenic Potential of Different E. coli Phylotypes from Diarrheic Calves in Arid and Semiarid Regions of India
Authors: Kumar Sudesh , Choudhary Suvidhi , Kumar Ram , Dhial Kritika , Bhati Taruna , Dedar Ramesh Kumar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

India has a large population of dairy animals, and calf diarrhea is a major concern in the dairy sector. Escherichia coli have varying degrees of virulence; however, this study aimed to understand the association of different phylotypes with calf diarrhea and elucidate their inherent virulence potential as well as their antimicrobial drug resistance potential. In the current study, the phylogenetic analysis showed that the majority of the isolates (19/35; 54.28%) belonged to phylotype B1, followed by A (9/35; 20%), E (4/35; 11.42%), C (2/35; 5.71%), and F (2/35; 5.71%).On the basis of virulence genes, isolates were classified into ETEC (25.71%), STEC (48.57%) and non-ETEC/STEC (25.71%). PhylotypesB1 and F predominated in virulence potential, followed by phylotypesC and E. Both isolates of phylotype F were found to be STEC pathotypes. PhylotypesF and B1 were found to carry antimicrobial resistance genes against all four classes of antimicrobials, while phylotype E carried antimicrobial drug resistance genes for three classes, and phylotypes C and A showed the least number of resistance genes. In conclusion, isolates belonging to phylotypes B1 and F were of high pathogenic potential due to the carriage of a higher number of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes.
Scale-up of a chronic care model-based programme for type 2 diabetes in Belgium: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Danhieux Katrien , Buffel Veerle , Remmen Roy , Wouters Edwin , Olmen Josefien Van 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an increasingly dominant disease. Interventions are more effective when carried out by a prepared and proactive team within an organised system—the integrated care (IC) model. The Chronic Care Model (CCM) provides guidance for its implementation, but scale-up of IC is challenging. In this paper, we used the CCM to investigate the current implementation of IC in primary care in Flanders (Belgium) and its variability in different practice types.
Methods
Belgium contains three different primary-care practice types: monodisciplinary fee-for-service practices, multidisciplinary fee-for-service practices and multidisciplinary capitation-based practices. Disproportional sampling was used to select a maximum of 10 practices for each type in three Flemish regions, leading to a total of 66 practices. The study employed a mixed methods design whereby the Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (ACIC) was complemented with interviews with general practitioners, nurses and dieticians linked to the 66 practices.
Results
The ACIC scores of the fee-for-service practices—containing 97% of Belgian patients—only corresponded to basic support for chronic illness care. Multidisciplinary and capitation-based practices scored considerably higher than traditional monodisciplinary fee-for-service practices. The region had no significant impact on the ACIC scores. Having a nurse, being a capitation practice and having a secretary had a significant effect in the regression analysis, which explained 75% of the variance in ACIC scores. Better-performing practices were successful due to clear role-defining, task delegation to the nurse, coordination, structured use of the EMD, planning of consultations and integration of self-management support, and behaviour-change intervention (internally or using community initiatives). The longer nurses work in primary care practices, the higher the chance that they perform more advanced tasks.
Conclusions
Besides the presence of a nurse or secretary, also working multidisciplinary under one roof and a capitation-based financing system are important features of a system wherein IC can be scaled-up successfully. Belgian policymakers should rethink the role of paramedics in primary care and make the financing system more integrated. As the scale-up of the IC varied highly in different contexts, uniform roll-out across a health system containing multiple types of practices may not be successful.
Characterization of a major QTL for tiller number at the seedling stage in wheat landrace Yanda 1817
Authors: Yang Jian , Zhang Yu'e , Hu Weiguo , Zhou Yanjie , Wang Xicheng , Zhao Hong , Zhou Shenghui , Liu Zhiyong , Cao Tingjie 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Effective tillers contribute to yield through adjusting population structure and affect 1000-kernel weight and kernel number per spike, which are 3favorable for wheat (Triticum aestivum)improvement. Wheat landraces show strong tillering ability and thus considerable potential for utilization in breeding. In this study, tiller number under nutrient solution condition was evaluated for 269 wheat recombinant inbred lines and their parents: the modern cultivar Beinong 6 and the landrace Yanda 1817, which exhibit strong tillering ability. A major QTL,qTN-7B.1, significant in three independent experiments, was detected by linkage analysis and confirmed by sequenced-based bulked segregant analysis. Its positive allele was from Yanda 1817. Pathway enrichment among tiller-bud transcriptome data for the two parents suggested that tillering ability was associated with lignin biosynthesis and energy metabolism. Further combination of differentially gene expression analysis and variant calling identified 33 nonsynonymous SNVs on 20 DGEs. Three differentially expressed genes were identified in theqTN-7B.1region. In particular,TraesCS7B02G282100encoded cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase crucially in lignin biosynthesis was considered candidate gene. Then four genetic markerswere developed andthe peak ofqTN-7B.1was narrowed betweenKASP513andKASP516, and explained 11.04%–19.01% of the phenotypic variation and positively affected kernel number per spike but negatively affected 1000-kernel weight. An allelic frequency test of a natural population revealed that Hap2 (the Yanda 1817 haplotype) and a third haplotype (Hap3) were selected during wheat improvement. This study lays a foundation for map-based cloning ofqTN-7B.1and developed genetic markers showed potentially application in improving plant architecture though marker assistant selection.
Heel fat pad dynamics during loading cycles: an in-vivo study ―Effect of height and weight on heel fat pad movements between microchamber and macrochamber layers in loading and unloading cycles
Authors: Maemichi Toshihiro , Matsumoto Masatomo , Tsutsui Toshiharu , Ichikawa Shota , Okunuki Takumi , Liu Zijian , Tanaka Hirofumi , Kumai Tsukasa 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to determine the effect of height and weight on heel fat pad thickness between microchamber and macrochamber layers during loading-unloading cycles.
Methods
The subjects performed loading-unloading movements, and the thickness change of the heel fat pad was measured. We examined the relationship between height and weight and the rate of change in the thickness of the microchamber and macrochamber layers of the heel fat pad when 0–100% load was applied.
Results
Significant changes were observed in the macrochamber layer. The thicknesses of the microchamber and macrochamber layers of the heel fat pad increased with increasing height and weight.
Conclusions
Function may differ between the microchamber and macrochamber layers of the heel fat pad. With increasing height and weight, the thickness of the microchamber and macrochamber layers increased, but the thickness change of the macrochamber layers decreased.
Characterising Housing Markets based on House Price Dynamics: The case of Metropolitan Cities in India
Authors: Pani Sudhanshu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Stakeholders can characterise housing markets based on long term fundamental value and short-term house price dynamics. This study explores spatial heterogeneity in house price dynamics, using data for 35 Indian cities with a million-plus population. We use panel econometrics that allows for spatial heterogeneity, cross-sectional dependence, and non-stationary data. We test for spatial differences and analyze the income elasticity of prices, the role of construction costs and lending to real estate industry by commercial banks. The long-term elasticity of house prices with respect to aggregate deposits varies considerably across cities. This difference includes the nature of the relationship as determined by the sign of the estimates. Short-term momentum and reversion dynamics show substantial spatial heterogeneity. The reversion rate to long-term equilibrium is higher in Indian markets than rates reported from developed markets.
JEL codes: R31, R15, C33
Brief Report: Bronzed baby with low peripheral saturation. Is it real?
Authors: Toledo Juan Diego , Vallés Mireia , Solaz-García Alvaro , Pinilla-González Alejandro , Sáenz-González Pilar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Pulse oximetry is used across all medical specialties providing non-invasive and continuous oxygen saturation of haemoglobin. However, potential interferers must be continually scrutinized to ensure its validity and accuracy. An erroneous measurement could lead to unnecessary invasive testing or treatments.