bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A year of Covid-19: experiences and lessons learnt by small European island states—Cyprus, Iceland and Malta
Authors: Cuschieri Sarah , Pallari Elena , Hatziyianni Amalia , Sigurvinsdottir Rannveig , Sigfusdottir Inga Dora , Sigurðardóttir Árún Kristín 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
COVID-19 became a global pandemic within weeks, as every country including small states and islands experienced a surge in cases. Small islands are known to face several challenges in the quest to curb the viral spread, but with the absence of land boarders and small population size, these factors should have played to their advantage to minimize the spread. The aim of this article was to compare and contrast the COVID-19 situation, restrictions, preparedness, management and the healthcare systems between the small population island states of Cyprus, Iceland and Malta.

Methods
Data were obtained from Ministry of Health websites and COVID dashboards of the three respective Island states in Europe. Comparisons were made between the reported cases, deaths, excess deaths, years of life lost, swabbing rates, restrictive measures, vaccination roll-out and healthcare system structures.

Results
Cyprus and Malta contained the COVID-19 spread better than Iceland during the first wave. However, a significantly higher viral spread and mortality rates were observed in Malta during the second waves. Similar healthcare preparedness and services, restrictions and relaxation measures were implemented across the three islands with some exceptions. Covid-19 vaccination has initiated across all Islands with Malta leading the vaccination roll-out.

Conclusion
The small population size and island status proved to be an asset during the first wave of COVID-19, but different governance approaches led to a different COVID-19 outcomes, including high mortality rates during the transition phases and the subsequent waves.
Interpretable network propagation with application to expanding the repertoire of human proteins that interact with SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Law Jeffrey N , Akers Kyle , Tasnina Nure , Santina Catherine M Della , Deutsch Shay , Kshirsagar Meghana , Klein-Seetharaman Judith , Crovella Mark , Rajagopalan Padmavathy , Kasif Simon , Murali T M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Network propagation has been widely used for nearly 20 years to predict gene functions and phenotypes. Despite the popularity of this approach, little attention has been paid to the question of provenance tracing in this context, e.g., determining how much any experimental observation in the input contributes to the score of every prediction.

Results
We design a network propagation framework with 2 novel components and apply it to predict human proteins that directly or indirectly interact with SARS-CoV-2 proteins. First, we trace the provenance of each prediction to its experimentally validated sources, which in our case are human proteins experimentally determined to interact with viral proteins. Second, we design a technique that helps to reduce the manual adjustment of parameters by users. We find that for every top-ranking prediction, the highest contribution to its score arises from a direct neighbor in a human protein-protein interaction network. We further analyze these results to develop functional insights on SARS-CoV-2 that expand on known biology such as the connection between endoplasmic reticulum stress, HSPA5, and anti-clotting agents.

Conclusions
We examine how our provenance-tracing method can be generalized to a broad class of network-based algorithms. We provide a useful resource for the SARS-CoV-2 community that implicates many previously undocumented proteins with putative functional relationships to viral infection. This resource includes potential drugs that can be opportunistically repositioned to target these proteins. We also discuss how our overall framework can be extended to other, newly emerging viruses.
Myth-busting the provider-user relationship for digital sequence information
Authors: Scholz Amber Hartman , Lange Matthias , Habekost Pia , Oldham Paul , Cancio Ibon , Cochrane Guy , Freitag Jens 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
The United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) formally recognized the sovereign rights of nations over their biological diversity. Implicit within the treaty is the idea that mega-biodiverse countries will provide genetic resources and grant access to them and scientists in high-income countries will use these resources and share back benefits. However, little research has been conducted on how this framework is reflected in real-life scientific practice.

Result
Currently, parties to the CBD are debating whether digital sequence information (DSI) should be regulated under a new benefit-sharing framework. At this critical time point in the upcoming international negotiations, we test the fundamental hypothesis of provision and use of DSI by looking at the global patterns of access and use in scientific publications.

Conclusion
Our data reject the provider-user relationship and suggest a far more complex information flow for DSI. Therefore, any new policy decisions on DSI should be aware of the high level of use of DSI across low- and middle-income countries and seek to preserve open access to this crucial common good.
Sexual health in a new cultural context: a resource for international students in regional Australia
Authors: MacPhail Catherine , Stratten Maddison 
Published: December 2021

Summary
A large number of international students enrol in Australian higher education and contribute to Australia’s multicultural population. Diverse cultural backgrounds and life experiences impact international students’ knowledge of sexual health and healthy relationships. Along with unfamiliarity of the Australian healthcare system, this may place international students at risk of poor sexual health. We explored the sexual health priorities of international students with 12 male and 16 female international students aged between 18 and 49 years, for the development of a sexual health and relationship information resource for international students. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and coded thematically in Nvivo 12. Students noted that cultural norms about sex inhibited their ability to access information and they had concerns about their relationship behaviours within the Australian cultural context. Some participants noted challenges with accessing information and care and were enthusiastic about increasing international student access to reliable information and access to services. Based on the findings from these interviews, we developed a resource specifically for international students and evaluated its design and content through three focus group discussions with international students. This evaluation data informed refinements made to the resource. The resource Kit contains sexual health and relationship information and provides links to reputable online sexual health information. The Kit has been widely distributed to international students and is currently being further evaluated for use and acceptability.
Mutations in the ribosome biogenesis factor gene LTV1 are linked to LIPHAK syndrome, a novel poikiloderma-like disorder
Authors: Han Ji Hoon , Ryan Gavin , Guy Alyson , Liu Lu , Quinodoz Mathieu , Helbling Ingrid , Lai-Cheong Joey E ,   Genomics England Research Consortium, Barwell Julian , Folcher Marc , McGrath John A , Moss Celia , Rivolta Carlo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the framework of the UK 100 000 Genomes Project, we investigated the genetic origin of a previously undescribed recessive dermatological condition, which we named LIPHAK (LTV1-associated Inflammatory Poikiloderma with Hair abnormalities and Acral Keratoses), in four affected individuals from two UK families of Pakistani and Indian origins, respectively. Our analysis showed that only one gene, LTV1, carried rare biallelic variants that were shared in all affected individuals, and specifically they bore the NM_032860.5:c.503A &gt; G, p.(Asn168Ser) change, found homozygously in all of them. In addition, high-resolution homozygosity mapping revealed the presence of a small 652-kb stretch on chromosome 6, encompassing LTV1, that was haploidentical and common to all affected individuals. The c.503A &gt; G variant was predicted by in silico tools to affect the correct splicing of LTV1’s exon 5. Minigene-driven splicing assays in HEK293T cells and in a skin sample from one of the patients confirmed that this variant was indeed responsible for the creation of a new donor splice site, resulting in aberrant splicing and in a premature termination codon in exon 6 of this gene. LTV1 encodes one of the ribosome biogenesis factors that promote the assembly of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit. In yeast, defects in LTV1 alter the export of nascent ribosomal subunits to the cytoplasm; however, the role of this gene in human pathology is unknown to date. Our data suggest that LIPHAK could be a previously unrecognized ribosomopathy.
Indications, Postoperative Management, and Long-term Prognosis of Crohn’s Disease After Ileocecal Resection: A Multicenter Study Comparing the East and West
Authors: Arkenbosch Jeanine H C , Mak Joyce W Y , Ho Jacky C L , Beelen Evelien M J , Erler Nicole S , Hoentjen Frank , Bodelier Alexander G L , Dijkstra Gerard , Romberg-Camps Mariëlle , de Boer Nanne K H , Stassen Laurents P S , van der Meulen Andrea E , West Rachel , van Ruler Oddeke , van der Woude Christien Janneke , Ng Siew C , de Vries Annemarie C 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
The Crohn’s disease (CD) phenotype differs between Asian and Western countries and may affect disease management, including decisions on surgery. This study aimed to compare the indications, postoperative management, and long-term prognosis after ileocecal resection (ICR) in Hong Kong (HK) and the Netherlands (NL).

Methods
CD patients with primary ICR between 2000 and 2019 were included. The endpoints were endoscopic (Rutgeerts score ≥i2b and/or radiologic recurrence), clinical (start or switch of inflammatory bowel disease medication), and surgical recurrences. Cumulative incidences of recurrence were estimated with a Bayesian multivariable proportional hazards model.

Results
Eighty HK and 822 NL patients were included. The most common indication for ICR was penetrating disease (HK: 32.5%, NL: 22.5%) in HK vs stricturing disease (HK: 32.5%, NL: 48.8%) in the NL (P &lt; .001). Postoperative prophylaxis was prescribed to 65 (81.3%) HK patients (28 [35.0%] aminosalicylates [5-aminosalicylic acid]; 30 [37.5%] immunomodulators; 0 biologicals) vs 388 (47.1%) NL patients (67 [8.2%] 5-aminosalicylic acid; 187 [22.8%] immunomodulators; 69 [8.4%] biologicals; 50 [6.1%] combination therapy) (P &lt; .001). Endoscopic or radiologic evaluation within 18 months was performed in 36.3% HK vs 64.1% NL (P &lt; .001) patients. No differences between both populations were observed for endoscopic (hazard ratio [HR], 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24-1.21), clinical (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.62-1.32), or surgical (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.31-1.13) recurrence risks.

Conclusion
The main indication for ICR in CD patients is penetrating disease in HK patients and stricturing disease in NL patients. Although considerable pre- and postoperative management differences were observed between the two geographical areas, the long-term prognosis after ICR is similar.
Risks of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease in China: A Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Fang Leilei , Gao Han , Gao Xiang , Wu Wei , Miao Yinglei , Zhang Hongjie , Guleng Bayasi , Zhang Hu , Wang Yufang , Li Mingsong , Yang Hong , Gao Xiang , Liang Jie , Cao Qian , Shen Jun , Ran Zhihua , Wu Kaichun , Qian Jiaming , Chen Minhu , Liu Zhanju 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex chronic disorder characterized by systemic inflammation, which may cause abnormal state of coagulation, resulting in cardiac events. This study aimed to investigate the incidences and risks of cardiac events in patients with IBD in China.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was performed comprising 1435 patients with IBD from 12 IBD centers in China. Cases were matched with 1588 eligible participants without IBD from 12 medical centers according to age, sex, and laboratory parameters.

Results
Patients with IBD in China exhibited significantly higher incidences of ischemic heart disease (IHD; coronary heart disease included) but lower frequencies of right bundle branch block and premature contraction than those of matched controls. The risk of IHD increased in patients with IBD, peaking at the age of 18-35 years. Female patients with IBD were more likely to experience IHD than male patients. The C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and neutrophil count in the peripheral blood were positively related with the risk of IHD among patients with Crohn’s disease, whereas plasma fibrinogen levels were negatively related with the risk of IHD both in patients with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.

Conclusions
The risk of IHD is increased in patients with IBD, especially in young female patients with IBD when compared with matched non-IBD subjects. The CRP and plasma fibrinogen levels and neutrophil count in the peripheral blood may be potential predictors associated with the occurrence of IHD in patients with IBD. The study’s findings have significant implications for the management and prevention of cardiac events in patients with IBD.
Microscopic Colitis Is Associated With a Reduced Risk of Colorectal Adenoma and Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liu Yi-hui , Wu Zhen , Ding Ji-yuan , Shi Yu-dan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
The study sought to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the risk of colorectal adenoma or cancer in patients with microscopic colitis (MC).

Methods
A comprehensive literature search of PubMed and EMBASE databases was performed. Pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to examine the effect of MC on the risk of colorectal adenoma or cancer.

Results
Twelve studies reporting the outcomes of 50 795 patients with MC were eligible for this meta-analysis. MC was negatively associated with the risk of colorectal adenoma compared with participants without MC (RR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.33-0.58; P &lt; .001; I2 = 87.3%). Also, the rate of colorectal cancer was lower in the patients with MC compared with the general population (RR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.43-0.89; P = .01; I2 = 91.6%). In addition, sensitivity and subgroup analyses indicated that the results were robust.

Conclusions
The present systematic review indicated that patients with MC may be associated with a lower risk of colorectal adenoma or cancer. The clinical data support the current professional society guideline. A surveillance colonoscopy program is not recommended as standard for patients with MC.
A dual-channel switching mechanism for uncertain NCSs against DoS attacks
Authors: Zhang Qingcao , Yin Xiuxia , Hu Songlin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the stabilization mechanism, dual-channel switching mechanism, is investigated for a class of discrete-time networked control systems with parameter uncertainties and cyber attacks. A novel dual-channel switching mechanism is proposed against the denial-of-service attacks and achieve system asymptotic stability. The event-triggered scheme is considered to control unnecessary data communications. Based on this, a memory-based event-triggered scheme is put forward to overcome the drawback of event-triggered scheme so that the system dynamic performance is greatly improved and the network resources are saved also. Using the Lyapunov theory and linear matrix inequality, two sufficient conditions of memoryless and memory-based closed-loop systems are, respectively, derived to guarantee the desired stability. Furthermore, the controller gain(s) and event-triggered matrix are co-designed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the pendulum system and the satellite control system.
Human neutralizing antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 prevention and immunotherapy
Authors: Zhou Dongyan , Zhou Runhong , Chen Zhiwei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 has been spreading worldwide since December 2019, resulting in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic with 237 million infections and 4.8 million deaths by 11 October 2021. While there are great efforts of global vaccination, ending this pandemic has been challenged by issues of exceptionally high viral transmissibility, re-infection, vaccine-breakthrough infection, and immune escape variants of concern. Besides the record-breaking speed of vaccine research and development, antiviral drugs including SARS-CoV-2-specific human neutralizing antibodies (HuNAbs) have been actively explored for passive immunization. In support of HuNAb-based immunotherapy, passive immunization using convalescent patients’ plasma has generated promising evidence on clinical benefits for both mild and severe COVID-19 patients. Since the source of convalescent plasma is limited, the discovery of broadly reactive HuNAbs may have significant impacts on the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. In this review, therefore, we discuss the current technologies of gene cloning, modes of action, in vitro and in vivo potency and breadth, and clinical development for potent SARS-CoV-2-specific HuNAbs.
Horror and Its Affects
Authors: Hick Darren Hudson 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this article, following a trajectory set out by Noël Carroll, Matt Hills, and Andrea Sauchelli, I propose a definition of horror, according to which something qualifies as a work of horror if and only if it centrally and demonstrably aims at provoking one or more of a particular set of negative affects. A catalog of characteristically negative affects is associated with horror—including terror, revulsion, the uncanny, and the abject—but which cannot be collapsed into any single affect. Further complicating matters is that the set appears to be constantly, if slowly, mutating, so that the affects aimed at in the horror of the 1920s do not entirely overlap with those aimed at horror today, or which we might expect horror to aim at a century from now. As such, while we use “horror” as a blanket term across eras, whether some work is a work of horror will always be time-indexed.
Weight loss and high-protein, high-fiber diet consumption impact blood metabolite profiles, body composition, voluntary physical activity, fecal microbiota, and fecal metabolites of adult dogs
Authors: Phungviwatnikul Thunyaporn , Lee Anne H , Belchik Sara E , Suchodolski Jan S , Swanson Kelly S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Canine obesity is associated with reduced lifespan and metabolic dysfunction, but can be managed by dietary intervention. This study aimed to determine the effects of restricted feeding of a high-protein, high-fiber (HPHF) diet and weight loss on body composition, physical activity, blood metabolites, and fecal microbiota and metabolites of overweight dogs. Twelve spayed female dogs (age: 5.5 ± 1.1 yr; body weight [BW]: 14.8 ± 2.0 kg, body condition score [BCS]: 7.9 ± 0.8) were fed a HPHF diet during a 4-wk baseline phase to maintain BW. After baseline (week 0), dogs were first fed 80% of baseline intake and then adjusted to target 1.5% weekly weight loss for 24 wk. Body composition using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and blood samples (weeks 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24), voluntary physical activity (weeks 0, 7, 15, and 23), and fresh fecal samples for microbiota and metabolite analysis (weeks 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24) were measured over time. Microbiota data were analyzed using QIIME 2. All data were analyzed statistically over time using SAS 9.4. After 24 wk, dogs lost 31.2% of initial BW and had 1.43 ± 0.73% weight loss per week. BCS decreased (P &lt; 0.0001) by 2.7 units, fat mass decreased (P &lt; 0.0001) by 3.1 kg, and fat percentage decreased (P &lt; 0.0001) by 11.7% with weight loss. Many serum metabolites and hormones were altered, with triglycerides, leptin, insulin, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 decreasing (P &lt; 0.05) with weight loss. Relative abundances of fecal Bifidobacterium, Coriobacteriaceae UCG-002, undefined Muribaculaceae, Allobaculum, Eubacterium, Lachnospira, Negativivibacillus, Ruminococcus gauvreauii group, uncultured Erysipelotrichaceae, and Parasutterella increased (P &lt; 0.05), whereas Prevotellaceae Ga6A1 group, Catenibacterium, Erysipelatoclostridium, Fusobacterium, Holdemanella, Lachnoclostridium, Lactobacillus, Megamonas, Peptoclostridium, Ruminococcus gnavus group, and Streptococcus decreased (P &lt; 0.01) with weight loss. Despite the number of significant changes, a state of dysbiosis was not observed in overweight dogs. Fecal ammonia and secondary bile acids decreased, whereas fecal valerate increased with weight loss. Several correlations between gut microbial taxa and biological parameters were observed. Our results suggest that restricted feeding of a HPHF diet and weight loss promotes fat mass loss, minimizes lean mass loss, reduces inflammatory marker and triglyceride concentrations, and modulates fecal microbiota phylogeny and activity in overweight dogs.
International family migration and the dual-earner model
Authors: Munk Martin D , Nikolka Till , Poutvaara Panu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe analyze couples’ joint decisions about emigration and labor force participation using survey data on Danish emigrants, combined with full population administrative data. Couples are most likely to emigrate if the male partner or both partners hold a college degree and least likely to emigrate if neither of the partners is college educated. Probability that a dual-earner couple emigrates increases with the primary earner’s income. In most couples, both partners work before emigration, while after migrating outside the Nordic countries almost half of the women stay at home. Survey responses reveal that men mainly migrate for work reasons and women for family reasons. Our findings suggest that the dual-earner model may not be strongly ingrained among emigrating couples. Instead, female labor force participation abroad varies widely between different destinations.
Compelled by the Court to Act on Climate Change: Bushfire Survivors for Climate Action Incorporated v Environment Protection Authority [2021] NSWLEC 92
Authors: Schuijers Laura 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This analysis considers Bushfire Survivors for Climate Action Incorporated v Environment Protection Authority [2021] NSWLEC 92, in which an Australian environment protection authority was issued a mandamus to compel it to perform a public duty to develop instruments to ensure the protection of the environment from climate change. Brought by a group of climate activists affected by bushfire, it is the first successful action-forcing case of its kind in Australia. Cases that seek to fill the gaps in domestic governance regimes via the courts raise the issue of the role of the courts in advancing climate policy. They also demonstrate the importance of the rule of law, and the right of citizens to enforce the law against the government where it has lagged. In this article, I provide an overview of the case in light of these aspects, and additionally consider the role that climate science played in the courtroom.