bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulsar wind nebulae of runaway massive stars
Authors: Meyer D M-A , Meliani Z 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
A significant fraction of massive stars move at speed through the interstellar medium of galaxies. After their death as core-collapse supernovae, a possible final evolutionary state is that of a fast-rotating magnetized neutron star, shaping its circumstellar medium into a pulsar wind nebula. Understanding the properties of pulsar wind nebulae requires knowledge of the evolutionary history of their massive progenitors. Using two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamical simulations, we demonstrate that, in the context of a runaway high-mass red-supergiant supernova progenitor, the morphology of its subsequent pulsar wind nebula is strongly affected by the wind of the defunct progenitor star pre-shaping the stellar surroundings throughout its entire past life. In particular, pulsar wind nebulae of obscured runaway massive stars harbour asymmetries as a function of the morphology of the progenitor’s wind-blown cavity, inducing projected asymmetric up–down synchrotron emission.
The zinc proteome of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Andreini Claudia , Arnesano Fabio , Rosato Antonio 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Zinc is an essential element for human health. Among its many functions, zinc(II) modulates the immune response to infections and, at high concentrations or in the presence of ionophores, inhibits the replication of various RNA viruses. Structural biology studies on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) revealed that zinc(II) is the most common metal ion that binds to viral proteins. However, the number of zinc(II)-binding sites identified by experimental methods is far from exhaustive, as metal ions may be lost during protein purification protocols. To better define the zinc(II)-binding proteome of coronavirus, we leveraged the wealth of deposited structural data and state-of-the-art bioinformatics methods. Through this in silico approach, 15 experimental zinc(II) sites were identified and a further 22 were predicted in Spike, open reading frame (ORF)3a/d, ORF8, and several nonstructural proteins, highlighting an essential role of zinc(II) in viral replication. Furthermore, the structural relationships between viral and eukaryotic sites (typically zinc fingers) indicate that SARS-CoV-2 can compete with human proteins for zinc(II) binding. Given the double-edged effect of zinc(II) ions, both essential and toxic to coronavirus, only the complete elucidation of the structural and regulatory zinc(II)-binding sites can guide selective antiviral strategies based on zinc supplementation.
Dual role of histone variant H3.3B in spermatogenesis: positive regulation of piRNA transcription and implication in X-chromosome inactivation
Authors: Fontaine Emeline , Papin Christophe , Martinez Guillaume , Le Gras Stéphanie , Nahed Roland Abi , Héry Patrick , Buchou Thierry , Ouararhni Khalid , Favier Bertrand , Gautier Thierry , Sabir Jamal S M , Gerard Matthieu , Bednar Jan , Arnoult Christophe , Dimitrov Stefan , Hamiche Ali 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe histone variant H3.3 is encoded by two distinct genes, H3f3a and H3f3b, exhibiting identical amino-acid sequence. H3.3 is required for spermatogenesis, but the molecular mechanism of its spermatogenic function remains obscure. Here, we have studied the role of each one of H3.3A and H3.3B proteins in spermatogenesis. We have generated transgenic conditional knock-out/knock-in (cKO/KI) epitope-tagged FLAG-FLAG-HA-H3.3B (H3.3BHA) and FLAG-FLAG-HA-H3.3A (H3.3AHA) mouse lines. We show that H3.3B, but not H3.3A, is required for spermatogenesis and male fertility. Analysis of the molecular mechanism unveils that the absence of H3.3B led to alterations in the meiotic/post-meiotic transition. Genome-wide RNA-seq reveals that the depletion of H3.3B in meiotic cells is associated with increased expression of the whole sex X and Y chromosomes as well as of both RLTR10B and RLTR10B2 retrotransposons. In contrast, the absence of H3.3B resulted in down-regulation of the expression of piRNA clusters. ChIP-seq experiments uncover that RLTR10B and RLTR10B2 retrotransposons, the whole sex chromosomes and the piRNA clusters are markedly enriched of H3.3. Taken together, our data dissect the molecular mechanism of H3.3B functions during spermatogenesis and demonstrate that H3.3B, depending on its chromatin localization, is involved in either up-regulation or down-regulation of expression of defined large chromatin regions.
Peripheral expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells is related to disease activity and damage accrual in inflammatory myopathies
Authors: Torres-Ruiz Jiram , Absalón-Aguilar Abdiel , Reyes-Islas Juan Alberto , Cassiano-Quezada Fabiola , Mejía-Domínguez Nancy R , Pérez-Fragoso Alfredo , Maravillas-Montero José Luis , Núñez-Álvarez Carlos , Juárez-Vega Guillermo , Culebro-Bermejo Alejandro , Gómez-Martín Diana 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective
To assess the proportion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), their expression of arginase-1 and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and their relationship with the clinical phenotype of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs).

Methods
We recruited 37 IIM adult patients and 10 healthy donors in Mexico City. We evaluated their clinical features, the proportion of MDSCs and their expression of PD-L1 and arginase-1 by flow cytometry. Polymorphonuclear (PMN)-MDSCs were defined as CD33dim, CD11b+ and CD66b+ while monocytic (M)-MDSCs were CD33+, CD11b+, HLA-DR− and CD14+. Serum cytokines were analysed with a multiplex assay. We compared the quantitative variables with the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests and assessed correlations with Spearman’s ρ.

Results
Most patients had dermatomyositis [n = 30 (81.0%)]. IIM patients had a peripheral expansion of PMN-MDSCs and M-MDSCs with an enhanced expression of arginase-1 and PD-L1. Patients with active disease had a decreased percentage {median 1.75% [interquartile range (IQR) 0.31–5.50 vs 10.71 [3.16–15.58], P = 0.011} of M-MDSCs and a higher absolute number of PD-L1+ M-MDSCs [median 23.21 cells/mm3 (IQR 11.16–148.9) vs 5.95 (4.66–102.7), P = 0.046] with increased expression of PD-L1 [median 3136 arbitrary units (IQR 2258–4992) vs 1961 (1885–2335), P = 0.038]. PD-L1 expression in PMN-MDSCs correlated with the visual analogue scale of pulmonary disease activity (r = 0.34, P = 0.040) and damage (r = 0.36, P = 0.031), serum IL-5 (r = 0.55, P = 0.003), IL-6 (r = 0.46, P = 0.003), IL-8 (r = 0.53, P = 0.018), IL-10 (r = 0.48, P = 0.005) and GM-CSF (r = 0.48, P = 0.012). M-MDSCs negatively correlated with the skeletal Myositis Intention to Treat Index (r = −0.34, P = 0.038) and positively with IL-6 (r = 0.40, P = 0.045).

Conclusion
MDSCs expressing arginase-1 and PD-L1 are expanded in IIM and correlate with disease activity, damage accrual and serum cytokines.
Performance of a multisensor smart ring to evaluate sleep: in-lab and home-based evaluation of generalized and personalized algorithms
Authors: Grandner Michael A , Bromberg Zohar , Hadley Aaron , Morrell Zoe , Graf Arnulf , Hutchison Stephen , Freckleton Dustin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
Wearable sleep technology has rapidly expanded across the consumer market due to advances in technology and increased interest in personalized sleep assessment to improve health and mental performance. We tested the performance of a novel device, the Happy Ring, alongside other commercial wearables (Actiwatch 2, Fitbit Charge 4, Whoop 3.0, Oura Ring V2), against in-lab polysomnography (PSG) and at-home electroencephalography (EEG)-derived sleep monitoring device, the Dreem 2 Headband.

Methods
Thirty-six healthy adults with no diagnosed sleep disorders and no recent use of medications or substances known to affect sleep patterns were assessed across 77 nights. Subjects participated in a single night of in-lab PSG and two nights of at-home data collection. The Happy Ring includes sensors for skin conductance, movement, heart rate, and skin temperature. The Happy Ring utilized two machine-learning derived scoring algorithms: a “generalized” algorithm that applied broadly to all users, and a “personalized” algorithm that adapted to individual subjects’ data. Epoch-by-epoch analyses compared the wearable devices to in-lab PSG and to at-home EEG Headband.

Results
Compared to in-lab PSG, the “generalized” and “personalized” algorithms demonstrated good sensitivity (94% and 93%, respectively) and specificity (70% and 83%, respectively). The Happy Personalized model demonstrated a lower bias and more narrow limits of agreement across Bland-Altman measures.

Conclusion
The Happy Ring performed well at home and in the lab, especially regarding sleep/wake detection. The personalized algorithm demonstrated improved detection accuracy over the generalized approach and other devices, suggesting that adaptable, dynamic algorithms can enhance sleep detection accuracy.
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Race/Ethnicity Reporting in Women’s Health Research [A54]
Authors: Michel Lindsey , Josama Pascale , Stern Rachel , Chudnoff Scott 
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Health disparities are well documented in the field of obstetrics and gynecology as highlighted by the current maternal mortality crisis. While research is pivotal to understanding the underlying causes of these disparities, minorities have traditionally been underrepresented in clinical studies. The objective of this study was to investigate trends in racial and ethnic reporting in women’s health research. Our secondary objective was to examine changes in reporting over the last decade.

METHODS:
A systematic review of original research articles from three high-impact obstetrics and gynecology journals (American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology (AJOG) Fertility & Sterility, and Obstetrics & Gynecology) was performed. Research articles were screened for the reporting of race/ethnicity and method of documenting data. Data were collected at 2- year timepoints, 2009 and 2019, for comparison.

RESULTS:
A total of 1,440 articles (AJOG n=514, Fertility & Sterility n=551, and Obstetrics & Gynecology n=375) were included and analyzed. Overall, race and ethnicity data were reported in 37.5% and 7.7% of research articles respectively. Only 2.2% of articles included both race and ethnicity data. There was a significant difference in the reporting of race (32.6% in 2009 vs. 54.8% in 2019, P<.05) and ethnicity (6.4% in 2009 vs. 10.1% in 2019, P<.05) data over the 10-year time span.

CONCLUSION:
The reporting of race/ethnicity is inconsistent and often lacking in women’s health literature. When reported, there is significant heterogeneity in how demographic data is documented. Although there have been some improvements in the last decade, standardized reporting could allow clinicians to be more informed of the generalizability of novel research findings.
Distal Femur Growth Modification Surgery Is Associated With Higher Surgical Wound Complication Rate
Authors: Hsu Chen-Heng , Lee Wei-Chung , Kao Hsuan-Kai , Yang Wen E. , Chang Chia-Hsieh 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Orthopaedic wound complications are often associated with extensive surgeries and patient medical conditions. However, we noticed wound complications in minor growth modification surgeries in children, including guided growth and epiphysiodesis. Herein, we report the complication rate and risk factors associated with pediatric growth modification surgeries.

Methods:
This retrospective study reviewed surgical wound complications in 622 pediatric orthopaedic patients who underwent growth modification surgeries (418 children) or osteotomies (204 children) in the lower extremities in a single center between 2007 and 2019. The grades II and III complications assessed using the modified Clavien-Dindo-Sink complication classification system were compared between growth modification and osteotomy. Risk factors for complications, including the type of surgery, age, body mass index, neuromuscular disease, operation time, surgical sites per patient, surgical location, and implant types, were analyzed using the logistic regression.

Results:
The complication rate was 6.9% per patient and 3.6% per surgical site (29 sites in 29 patients comprising 21 grade II and 8 grade III) in the growth modification group, which was >1.0% per patient and 0.6% per site in the osteotomy group (2 sites in 2 patients comprising 2 grade III infections; P=0.001). Among 418 patients with 797 surgical sites in the growth modification group, wound complications were associated with surgical location (5.2% at distal femur vs. 1.0% at proximal tibia, P=0.002) and implant type (0.5% using transphyseal screw vs. 4.3–10.5% using plates or staples, P=0.011).

Conclusion:
Surgical wound complication was associated with growth modification surgeries using plates or staples at the distal femur. Our results alert orthopaedic surgeons to this minor but unneglectable problem. Transphyseal screws may be the implant of choice for guided growth and epiphysiodesis at the distal femur in older children, considering the lower risks of wound complication.

Level of Evidence:
Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Use and safety of aprotinin in routine clinical practice
Authors: De Hert Stefan , Ouattara Alexandre , Royston David , van der Linden Jan , Zacharowski Kai 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND
Aprotinin has been used to reduce blood loss and blood product transfusions in patients at high risk of major blood loss during cardiac surgery. Approval by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for its current indication is limited to patients at high risk of major blood loss undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery (iCABG).

OBJECTIVE
To report current real-world data on the use and certain endpoints related to the safety of aprotinin in adult patients.

DESIGN
The Nordic aprotinin patient registry (NAPaR) received data from 83 European centres in a noninterventional, postauthorisation safety study (PASS) performed at the request of the EMA.

SETTING
Cardiac surgical centres committed to enrolling patients in the NAPaR.

PATIENTS
Patients receiving aprotinin agreeing to participate.

INTERVENTION
The decision to administer aprotinin was made by the treating physicians.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Aprotinin safety endpoints were in-hospital death, thrombo-embolic events (TEEs), specifically stroke, renal impairment, re-exploration for bleeding/tamponade.

RESULTS
From 2016 to 2020, 5309 patients (male 71.5%; >75 years 18.9%) were treated with aprotinin; 1363 (25.7%) underwent iCABG and 3946 (74.3%) another procedure, including a surgical treatment for aortic dissection (n = 660, 16.7%); 54.5% of patients received the full-dose regimen. In-hospital mortality in iCABG patients was 1.3% (95% CI, 0.66 to 1.84%) vs. 8.3% (7.21 to 8.91%) in non-iCABG patients; incidence of TEEs and postoperative rise in creatinine level greater than 44 μmol l−1 2.3% (1.48 to 3.07%) and 2.7% (1.79 to 3.49%) vs. 7.2% (6.20 to 7.79%) and 15.5% (13.84 to 16.06%); patients undergoing re-exploration for bleeding 1.4% (0.71 to 1.93%) vs. 3.0% (2.39 to 3.44%). Twelve cases of hypersensitivity/anaphylactic reaction (0.2%) were reported as Adverse Drug Reactions.

CONCLUSION
The data in the NAPaR indicated that in this patient population, at high risk of death or blood loss undergoing cardiac surgery, including complex cardiac surgeries other than iCABG, the incidence of adverse events is in line with data from current literature, where aprotinin was not used.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
EU PAS register number: EUPAS11384.
Elevated Blood Pressure and Stage 1 Hypertension in Pregnancy: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Wendel Michael P. , Bane Hunter , Frankowski Sara , Magann Everett F. 
Published: June 2022

Importance
Maternal and perinatal morbidity/mortality is significantly increased in pregnancies complicated by hypertension. The definition of hypertension has recently changed with the addition of 2 categories: elevated blood pressure (BP) and stage 1 hypertension. Should these categories be considered during pregnancy?

Objective
The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of the new hypertensive categories of elevated BP and stage 1 hypertension on maternal/perinatal outcomes.

Methods
Literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL search was undertaken. Citations were limited to the past 20 years.

Results
Of the 333 articles identified, 26 articles were the basis of this review. In 2017, new guidelines on the diagnosis and management of hypertension were published. Prepregnancy hypertension was replaced by elevated BP (systolic BP 120–129 mm Hg and diastolic BP <80 mm Hg) and stage 1 hypertension (systolic BP 130–139 mm Hg and diastolic BP 80–89 mm Hg). The risk factors for elevated BP and stage 1 hypertension are similar to chronic hypertension (CHTN) risk factors, diagnosed by BP readings before pregnancy or before 20 weeks' gestation. Patients with elevated BP and stage 1 hypertension are at increased risk for hypertensive disorders of pregnancies compared with normal patients. Treatment strategies for elevated BP and stage 1 hypertension are uncertain. Before 2017, these patients would not have been considered hypertensive and no guidelines existed.

Conclusions
Elevated BP and stage 1 hypertension increase the number of women labeled with hypertension in pregnancy. These women are at increased risk for adverse perinatal and maternal outcomes. There are currently no firm guidelines on management during pregnancy.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family medicine physicians

Learning Objectives
After completion of this article, the reader should be better able to evaluate the published literature regarding elevated BP and stage 1 hypertension and associated outcomes; identify additional risks of pregnancy associated with these conditions; and analyze current recommendations regarding management during pregnancy.
Breastfeeding: The Basics, the History, and Barriers in the Modern Day
Authors: Grundy Sara J. , Hardin Abigail , Kuller Jeffrey A. , Dotters-Katz Sarah 
Published: June 2022

Importance
The scientific benefits of breastfeeding for the parent and baby are clear, but the goal is often simplified to “breast is best.” Patients' decisions to breastfeed are more nuanced than this approach implies, and it is essential for providers to understand other factors that contribute to this complex decision.

Objective
We reviewed the current literature of the health benefits of breastfeeding, local and global breastfeeding trends and current disparities, and the historical, political, and social factors that influence a patient’s decision to breastfeed.

Evidence Acquisition
Original research articles, review articles, and guidelines on breastfeeding were reviewed.

Results
Rates of breastfeeding have increased in the United States and globally after public health interventions, but significant disparities persist. Numerous factors influence a patient's decision to breastfeed including the medical benefits, formula marketing campaigns, historical connections to slavery and oppression, limited societal support for working parents, mental or physical health concerns, previous sexual abuse or trauma, gender identity, and others.

Conclusions and Relevance
Understanding both the medical importance of breastfeeding and the various other factors that influence a patient's decision or ability to breastfeed is essential for counseling patients before delivery. Providers have a responsibility to navigate this complex conversation with patients to empower them to make an informed decision that works for them.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians

Learning Objectives
After participating in this activity, the provider should be better able to explain the health benefits of breastfeeding for parent and infant; describe trends in breastfeeding rates and identify current disparities in breastfeeding within the United States and globally; and discuss the nuances of historical, political, social, and personal experience with a patient and its influence on their decision to breastfeed.
Clinical Experience With Non-invasive Prenatal Screening for Single-Gene Disorders
Authors: Mohan P. , Lemoine J. , Trotter C. , Rakova I. , Billings P. , Peacock S. , Kao C.-Y. , Wang Y. , Xia F. , Eng C. M. , Benn P. 
Published: June 2022

(Abstracted from Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2022;59:33–39)
First described in 1997, the presence of cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma has been increasingly used in the last decade for cell-free DNA (cfDNA)–based noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) thanks to advances in molecular genetic technology. This method, now commonly used in the detection of fetal chromosomal abnormalities, can test for a variety of conditions.
Physician Perspectives on Acupuncture Use in the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Jackson Jami , Esparham Anna , Dilts Jennifer , Boorigie Madeline , Randell Kimberly A. 
Published: June 2022

Objectives
Acupuncture is a nonpharmalogical treatment modality that is used to treat pain. Prior research demonstrates that pediatric patients tolerate acupuncture well and patients may experience significant pain relief. The objectives of this study were to (1) explore the experiences of pediatric emergency department (ED) physicians as they used 2 acupuncture procedures, Battlefield Acupuncture and Four Gates procedures, and (2) describe factors impacting the feasibility of acupuncture implementation in the pediatric ED setting.

Methods
This qualitative study used individual semistructured interviews with pediatric emergency medicine physicians who had completed basic acupuncture training recruited using purposive sampling. Interviews were individually coded and analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results
Eight pediatric ED physicians participated in interviews. We identified multiple factors that promoted acupuncture use, multilevel barriers that impacted ED acupuncture implementation, offered multilevel solutions to overcome barriers to ED acupuncture implementation, and overall recommended continued use of ED acupuncture. Participants noted that education for patients, families, ED staff, and the general community may facilitate acupuncture implementation. To promote standardized and equitable access to acupuncture, participants recommended that all ED physicians in the division should be credentialed to provide acupuncture. In addition, participants recognized the benefits of an ED-specific electronic medical record documentation template and acupuncture toolbox including centralized acupuncture supplies, patient and family educational materials, and reference cards for physicians.

Conclusions
Participants overall had positive experiences with ED acupuncture. Although multilevel barriers to use of acupuncture were noted, these may be mitigated by several strategies suggested by participants. Future research is needed to further explore the potential impact of these strategies, as well as examine clinical outcomes of acupuncture implementation in the pediatric ED setting.