bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Profile, Risk Factors, and Therapeutic Outcome of Cavitating
Fungal Pneumonia Coinfection in COVID-19 Patients: A
Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Kumar Arjun , Mishra Mayank , Banerjee Saikat , Saini Lokesh Kumar , Sharma Prakhar , Dua Ruchi , Sindhwani Girish 
Published: July 2022

Background:
An end to the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
appears to be a distant dream. To make matters worse, there has been an alarming
upsurge in the incidence of cavitating invasive fungal pneumonia associated with
COVID-19, reported from various parts of the world including India. Therefore, it remains
important to identify the clinical profile, risk factors, and outcome of this group of
patients.

Methods:
Out of 50 moderate to severe COVID-19 inpatients with thoracic computed
tomographic (CT) evidence of lung cavitation, we retrospectively collected demographic
and clinical data of those diagnosed with fungal pneumonia for further investigation.
We determined the association between risk factors related to 30-day and 60-day mortality.

Results:
Of the 50 COVID-19 patients with cavitating lung lesions, 22 (44 %) were identified
to have fungal pneumonia. Most of these patients (n = 16, 72.7 %) were male, with
a median (range) age of 56 (38-64) years. On chest CT imaging, the most frequent findings
were multiple cavities (n = 13, 59.1 %) and consolidation (n = 14, 63.6 %). Mucormycosis
(n = 10, 45.5 %) followed by Aspergillus fumigatus (n = 9, 40.9 %) were the
common fungi identified. 30-day and 60-day mortalities were seen in 12 (54.5 %) and 16
(72.7 %) patients, respectively. On subgroup analysis, high cumulative prednisolone dose
was an independent risk factor associated with 30-day mortality (p = 0.024).

Conclusion:
High cumulative prednisolone dose, baseline neutropenia, hypoalbuminemia,
multiple cavities on CT chest, leukopenia, lymphopenia and raised inflammatory
markers were associated with poor prognosis in severe COVID-19 patients with cavitating
fungal pneumonia.
Using Voice Biomarkers to Classify Suicide Risk in Adult Telehealth Callers: Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Iyer Ravi , Nedeljkovic Maja , Meyer Denny 
Published: July 2022

Background
Artificial intelligence has the potential to innovate current practices used to detect the imminent risk of suicide and to address shortcomings in traditional assessment methods.

Objective
In this paper, we sought to automatically classify short segments (40 milliseconds) of speech according to low versus imminent risk of suicide in a large number (n=281) of telephone calls made to 2 telehealth counselling services in Australia.

Methods
A total of 281 help line telephone call recordings sourced from On The Line, Australia (n=266, 94.7%) and 000 Emergency services, Canberra (n=15, 5.3%) were included in this study. Imminent risk of suicide was coded for when callers affirmed intent, plan, and the availability of means; level of risk was assessed by the responding counsellor and reassessed by a team of clinical researchers using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (=5/6). Low risk of suicide was coded for in an absence of intent, plan, and means and via Columbia suicide Severity Scale Ratings (=1/2). Preprocessing involved normalization and pre-emphasis of voice signals, while voice biometrics were extracted using the statistical language r. Candidate predictors were identified using Lasso regression. Each voice biomarker was assessed as a predictor of suicide risk using a generalized additive mixed effects model with splines to account for nonlinearity. Finally, a component-wise gradient boosting model was used to classify each call recording based on precoded suicide risk ratings.

Results
A total of 77 imminent-risk calls were compared with 204 low-risk calls. Moreover, 36 voice biomarkers were extracted from each speech frame. Caller sex was a significant moderating factor (β=–.84, 95% CI –0.85, –0.84; t=6.59, P<.001). Candidate biomarkers were reduced to 11 primary markers, with distinct models developed for men and women. Using leave-one-out cross-validation, ensuring that the speech frames of no single caller featured in both training and test data sets simultaneously, an area under the precision or recall curve of 0.985 was achieved (95% CI 0.97, 1.0). The gamboost classification model correctly classified 469,332/470,032 (99.85%) speech frames.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates an objective, efficient, and economical assessment of imminent suicide risk in an ecologically valid setting with potential applications to real-time assessment and response.

Trial Registration
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12622000486729; https://www.anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12622000486729.aspx
Эволюция крестьянской семьи в Башкирии в 1920-е гг. (по материалам выборочных обследований)
Authors:   Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the RAS (71, Oktyabrya Ave., 450054 Ufa, Russian Federation), Isyangulov Shamil N. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction. The article examines materials of 1920s cluster (dynamic) censuses and spring surveys of peasant farmsteads to outline the evolution of Bashkiria’s rural family (before 1922 — in Bashkiria Minor and Ufa Governorate). Goals. The work seeks to identify research possibilities of the two groups of sources in the context of historical studies of peasant family in the Bashkir ASSR. Materials and methods. The paper primarily analyzes published and archival materials — results of 1920s sample surveys of peasant households. The study employs a number of research methods, such as the statistical, descriptive, and comparative historical ones. Results. The results of spring surveys of farmsteads make it possible to delineate changes in the average size of a rural family. In particular, from 1920 to 1923 Bashkiria witnessed a sharp decrease in family size — by 0.6 people, especially in the eastern cantons of the Republic. Then, the parameter increased slightly to stay virtually static (5.1 people) to the late 1920s. As of 1926, the largest family sizes were registered in Russian farmsteads (5.4), smallest sizes — in Bashkir ones (4.8). The disastrous consequences of the Famine of 1921–1922 for the family were evidenced by the Censuses of 1920 and 1922. The two years show a significant increase in singles, small families, and a decrease in large ones. In 1920–1926, dynamic censuses in Bashkiria recorded such ‘organic’ changes in the village as splits (14.1 %), mergers (8.5), returns and repeated incorporations (13.4 %), migrations and temporary liquidations of peasant farms (36.9). These exceeded Russia’s indicators nationwide. While mainly prosperous households tended to split up, those were the poor that would merge, migrate, and even die out. The materials of 1920s sample surveys of peasant farms indicate that the majority of then villagers were poor. Conclusions. The documents show that the considered sources have a significant research potential for exploring family history in the 1920s, and may provide links between demographic and socioeconomic parameters.
Representaciones de estándares de belleza en profesionales de la salud que atienden mujeres Chilenas Diagnosticadas con trastorno de la conducta alimentaria
Authors: POO FIGUEROA Ana María , Espinoza Sofía , Torres Nataly , Vera Karina 
Published: July 2022

Los Estándares de Belleza (EB) cumplen un rol importante como fenómeno sociocultural cuya difusión en el mundo contemporáneo influyen en la manifestación de Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (TCA), mayoritariamente en mujeres. Es así como a pesar de su formación, las Profesionales de la Salud (PS) que intervienen en TCA no están exentas de la influencia de los EB. Es por ello que el objetivo de este estudio es describir las representaciones de los EB de las PS que atienden población chilena adulta joven diagnosticada con TCA. Se empleó una metodología cualitativa, a través de entrevistas en profundidad a nueve PS. Los resultados principales muestran que las profesionales coinciden en que el sistema ha influido históricamente en la construcción de EB, dotando de mandatos y prototipos, llevando a las mujeres a caer en dietas perjudiciales para la salud con la finalidad de alcanzar el cuerpo esperado socialmente y sentir pertenencia. Siendo en la actualidad las redes sociales, familia, amigos, ámbito educativo y laboral mantenedores de estos EB. Es así como las profesionales han empleado distintas estrategias para que estos EB no interfieran en su ejercicio profesional
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI ISOLAT ACTINOMYCETES DARI SAMPEL PASIR GUNUNG MERAPI DENGAN LAMA FERMENTASI YANG BERBEDA TERHADAP BAKTERI Escherichia coli MULTIRESISTEN ANTIBIOTIK
Authors: Wulandari Wuri , Rahayu Triastuti 
Published: July 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri 10 isolat Actinomycetes dari sampel pasir Gunung Merapi menggunakan metode sumuran dan fermentasi terhadap bakteri E.coli multiresisten antibiotik dengan lama waktu fermentasi yang berbeda. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 2 faktor perlakuan yaitu lama waktu fermentasi (L) dan jenis isolat Actinomycetes (S). Masing-masing perlakuan dengan 2 kali ulangan. Isolat Actinomycetes tersebut difermentasi dalam kultur cair yang mengandung 2% manitol, 2% pepton, dan 1% glukosa selama 6, 7, dan 8 hari, pada suhu 280C menggunakan shaker 50 rpm, selanjutnya diuji menggunakan metode sumuran terhadap E.coli multiresisten. Hasilnya ke 10 isolat mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri terhadap E.coli dengan diameter zona hambat bervariasi. Aktivitas antibakteri terkuat pada hari ke-6 pada isolat D (S4) dengan diameter zona hambat iradikal 17,25 mm, pada fermentasi hari ke-7 pada isolat G (S8) dengan diameter zona hambat radikal 7 mm, dan pada hari ke-8 pada isolat A (S1) dengan diameter zona hambat radikal 10 mm.
Students’ semantic reasoning characteristics on solving double discount problem
Authors: Prayitno Lydia Lia , Purwanto Purwanto , Subanji Subanji , Susiswo Susiswo , Mutianingsih Ninik 
Published: July 2022

Semantic is associated with the relationship between symbol, reference, and the problem’s context involved in the problem-solving process which also involves reasoning and decision-making. Hence, this study describes the characteristics of students’ semantic reasoning to solve the double discounts problem. 51 high school students in Sidoarjo participated in this qualitative study. The data were collected through 15-20 minutes problem-solving tests. The students' answers were grouped into correct and wrong answers. The correct answers were then regrouped once more based on the strategies used by the students to answer the test and to identify their semantic reasoning characteristics. The data were analyzed by reducing, classifying the think-aloud and observing. Then the similarity of characteristics of students' semantic reasoning when solving the double discount problem was identified. To test the accuracy of the data, triangulation method was used. This semantic reasoning was identified by (1) giving the problem situation, (2) stating the keywords and their meaning, (3) stating the relationship, (4) transforming it into a mathematics statement, (5) calculating based on their strategies, (6) decision making, and (7) completing the answer interpretation. This study contributes to developing basic knowledge in interpreting each process of solving ill-structured problems until finding a solution.
Based Learning Training Lesson Study to Improve the Quality of Elementary School Teachers Kartasura Muhammadiyah, Indonesia
Authors: Subadi Tjipto , Narimo Sabar , Hidayati Erlina Farida 
Published: July 2022

Aim of study is to examine and describe 1) the effectiveness of lesson study as a model of Muhammadiyah Elementary School teacher training to improve the quality of learning 2) validation of lesson study as a model of Muhammadiyah elementary school teacher training to improve the quality of learning. This research used an approach of descriptive-qualitative phenomenology and the research design used the modified class action-based lesson study. The subject of study included the Primary School teachers Muhammadiyah of Kartasura, and the informants were the teachers, headmasters, supervisor. The data gathering employed questionnaires, interview, and observation The data analysis used the first order understanding and second order understanding with an interactive model, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion/verification. The conclusion of this research is, 1) The effectiveness of lesson study as a model of coaching Muhammadiyah elementary school teachers to improve its the quality of learning through K3S (Principal Working Group), while its implementation through KKG (Teacher Working Group) activities. 2) validation lesson study as a model of teacher development to improve its quality of learning through validation on a limited scale programmed by the KKG (Teacher Working Group) at the cluster level in each school, and carried out evaluation, and validation of this lesson study to create active, innovative, creative and fun learning.
Mesin Pengaduk Adonan untuk Meningkatkan Produktivitas UKM Keripik Sayur “Jaya Makmur” di Kota Magelang
Authors: Dewi Rany Puspita , Hastuti Sri , Arnandi Wandi 
Published: July 2022

UKM “Jaya Makmur” terletak di Kecamatan Magelang Tengah Kota Magelang, yang berlokasi sekitar 1,5 km dari pusat kota Magelang. UKM “Jaya Makmur” telah memproduksi beragam keripik berbahan baku sayuran yang dimulai sejak tahun 2009. Produksi keripik sayur terdiri dari beberapa tahapan, salah satu proses yang masih dilakukan secara manual yaitu proses pengadukan adonan. Hal ini menyebabkan proses pengadukan memerlukan waktu yang lebih lama. Tujuan kegiatan Program Kemitraan Masyarakat (PKM) yaitu untuk meningkatkan omzet UKM “Jaya Makmur” dan meningkatkan pemahaman serta ketrampilan masyarakat mengenai penerapan teknologi tepat guna. Kegiatan PKM di Kramat Selatan, Kota Magelang dilaksanakan dalam dua tahap. Tahap pertama adalah observasi dengan melakukan pengumpulan data berupa dokumentasi dan diskusi dengan Ibu Esti Widayati dan Kepala Desa sebagai stakeholder. Tahap kedua adalah pengembangan solusi melalui teknologi tepat guna yaitu mesin pengaduk adonan. Hasil kegiatan PKM adalah berupa mesin pengaduk adonan dengan kapasitas 60 kg/hari dengan daya 20 watt. Aplikasi mesin pengaduk adonan dapat meningkatkan kapasitas produksi yang semula 20 kg/hari menjadi 60 kg/hari. Selain juga dapat meningkatkan taraf hidup masyarakat Kramat Selatan, Kecamatan Magelang Utara, Kota Magelang, dengan meningkatnya omzet UKM “Jaya Makmur” hingga 100%.
The Effectiveness Of The Application Of The Last Resort Principle On Child Residivists In The Child Criminal Justice System
Authors: Mahdiyyah  , Muchtar Syamsuddin , Mirzana Hijrah Adhyanti 
Published: July 2022

Improper criminal imposition can ignore child protection arrangements, because child punishment should be the last resort or the last resort principle and imposed only for a short time. The method used in this research is empirical legal research. Empirical legal research is legal research conducted by examining primary data, namely data obtained directly from the community. As for the results of the Guidance Program for Correctional Students at the Class II Maros Special Child Guidance Institute, there are still some shortcomings such as the absence of a legal awareness program and the provision of formal education which indirectly affects the non-fulfillment of the rights of correctional students, especially because there are still adult prisoners who should be separated from children. The actual role of the officers of the Child Special Guidance Institution in its implementation is still not optimal due to the lack of quality and human resources, and there is no special coach for children.
Keywords: Child Crime; Effectiveness; Recidivists
A Novel Approach to Type-Reduction and Design of Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Systems
Authors: Starczewski Janusz T. , Przybyszewski Krzysztof , Byrski Aleksander , Szmidt Eulalia , Napoli Christian 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Fuzzy logic systems, unlike black-box models, are known as transparent artificial intelligence systems that have explainable rules of reasoning. Type 2 fuzzy systems extend the field of application to tasks that require the introduction of uncertainty in the rules, e.g. for handling corrupted data. Most practical implementations use interval type-2 sets and process interval membership grades. The key role in the design of type-2 interval fuzzy logic systems is played by the type-2 inference defuzzification method. In type-2 systems this generally takes place in two steps: type-reduction first, then standard defuzzification. The only precise type-reduction method is the iterative method known as Karnik-Mendel (KM) algorithm with its enhancement modifications. The known non-iterative methods deliver only an approximation of the boundaries of a type-reduced set and, in special cases, they diminish the profits that result from the use of type-2 fuzzy logic systems. In this paper, we propose a novel type-reduction method based on a smooth approximation of maximum/minimum, and we call this method a smooth type-reduction. Replacing the iterative KM algorithm by the smooth type-reduction, we obtain a structure of an adaptive interval type-2 fuzzy logic which is non-iterative and as close to an approximation of the KM algorithm as we like.
Flow-Capture Location Model with Link Capacity Constraint Over a Mixed Traffic Network
Authors: Liu Ping , Cao Jinde , Luo Yiping , Guo Jianhua , Huang Wei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper constructs and settles a charging facility location problem with the link capacity constraint over a mixed traffic network. The reason for studying this problem is that link capacity constraint is mostly insufficient or missing in the studies of traditional user equilibrium models, thereby resulting in the ambiguous of the definition of road traffic network status. Adding capacity constraints to the road network is a compromise to enhance the reality of the traditional equilibrium model. In this paper, we provide a two-layer model for evaluating the efficiency of the charging facilities under the condition of considering the link capacity constraint. The upper level model in the proposed bi-level model is a nonlinear integer programming formulation, which aims to maximize the captured link flows of the battery electric vehicles. Moreover, the lower level model is a typical traffic equilibrium assignment model except that it contains the link capacity constraint and driving distance constraint of the electric vehicles over the mixed road network. Based on the Frank-Wolfe algorithm, a modified algorithm framework is adopted for solving the constructed problem, and finally, a numerical example is presented to verify the proposed model and solution algorithm.
Political and Legal Conditions of Marketing Activity of Businesses in the European Market
Authors: Komor Marcin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The article tackles the political and legal environment within the borders of the European Union (EU) member states. Determinants of the political and legal environment of the European market were identified on two levels: (1) the framework, i.e. supranational European political and legal conditions; (2) the classical political and legal environment of the EU member states. Afterwards, an analysis of individual factors of the political and legal environment in the aforementioned levels was performed. Four legal areas in the EU states were demonstrated: Roman, Anglo-Saxon, Germanic and mixed; three jurisdictional systems were identified: case law, continental and Scandinavian law; and the legal framework of the Union was found to consist of primary legislation, secondary legislation and adjudications of the Court of Justice of the EU. The problem of excessive duration of the administrative procedures, untimeliness and incomplete transposition of directives into the national law of the member states was discussed. It was also brought to attention that the diversity of laws and taxes is still a significant barrier to foreign operations of businesses in the EU internal market. It was also indicated that the integration of European law enables economic entities to perform marketing activities in the European market in the form of a representative office or a foreign branch without legal entity. Finally, it was stated that the factors of the political and legal environment are significantly unified in the supranational environment, while in the classical environment, there are some differences among the EU countries, but they allow for the use of unified marketing concepts, e.g. the concept of euromarketing.
Young Consumers Towards Smart Homes
Authors: Kolny Beata 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Year after year, smart home systems continue to increase in popularity among consumer households. Consumption of smart home systems is also predicted to increase steeply in the coming years. Therefore, the article aims at assessing the attitude of young consumers towards a smart home and its devices. The article is based on primary and secondary sources of information. While primary information indicated the attitude of young consumers towards smart homes in their capacity as potential buyers, secondary information allowed for the definition of the issues discussed pertaining to smart homes and their devices. Using direct research, the online survey technique was employed on a sample of 588 consumers aged 18-34 years living in Poland in 2021. The respondents’ declarations showed that they intend using smart home services in the future, and that they thought using smart home devices would be enjoyable. In addition, respondents agreed with the statements that smart home devices are easy to use and valuable in everyday life, and that using smart home devices helps complete household chores faster. In their opinion, using a smart device at home can increase security and safety by detecting gas and smoke emissions and by creating an alert in the event of unauthorised home intrusion.
Causes of Suboptimal Preoxygenation Before Tracheal Intubation in Elective and Emergency Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Kauzonas Evaldas , Kalinauskaitė Miglė , Miškinytė Sigutė , Bubulytė Silvija , Kontrimavičiūtė Eglė 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Optimal preoxygenation (PO) prior to tracheal intubation reduces the risk of arterial desaturation and prolongs the period of safe apnoea. The common methods of PO are mask ventilation with 100% O2 for 3–5 minutes or, alternatively, asking the patient to take eight deep breaths in a minute. Our study group conducted a prospective study to assess the impact of the most common risk factors on PO and to compare the efficiency of PO in patients undergoing elective and emergency abdominal surgery without premedication. PO was performed using mask ventilation with 6 l/min of 100% oxygen for 5 minutes. End-tidal oxygen (EtO2) was documented in 30-second increments. We found that optimal PO (EtO2 > 90%) was not achieved by almost half of the patients (46%) and that this was more common in the elective surgery group. Effective PO was not impacted by any of the evaluated risk factors for suboptimal oxygenation. Despite these findings, we believe that the identification of potential risk factors is crucial in the pre-anaesthesia stage, given the benefits of optimal PO.