bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
„Sie sagten mir, ich werde mich daran gewöhnen“
Authors: Rüegg Sebastian , Brändli Helene 
Published: April 2022

Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt? Zwangsmaßnahmen haben auf alle Beteiligten teils weitreichende Auswirkungen. In der Aus- und Weiterbildung kommt die Auseinandersetzung mit der Zwangsausübung und deren Auswirkungen zu kurz und es fehlt dabei die Betroffenenperspektive. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? Das Aus- und Fortbildungsangebot [zwang]los möchte dies ändern. Es soll Fachpersonen ermöglichen, sich unter Einbezug der Betroffenenperspektive mit der Prävention von Zwang und dessen Auswirkungen auseinanderzusetzen. Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis? Erste Erfahrungen in der Umsetzung sind ermutigend und lassen hoffen, dass durch ebensolche Schulungen ein Paradigmenwechsel unterstützt werden kann.
A New Emergent Constraint Corrected Projections of Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall
Authors: Rajesh P. V. , Goswami B. N. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHow the Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) would change in future is of broader scientific interest and critical for adaptation to climate change and sustainable development for the vulnerable population of the region. An Emergent Constraint (EC), to correct the projections of ISMR by the Coupled Model Inter‐comparison Project‐6 (CMIP6) models for systematic model biases is urgently needed but has been lacking. Founded on an observed association between the multi‐decadal variability (MDV) of ISMR and North Atlantic (NA) sea surface temperature (SST), here we unravel a strong correlation between future changes in ISMR and biases in simulating the present‐day ISMR MDV. The new emergent constraint renders a 32% reduction in the multi‐model ensemble mean of projected ISMR increase, making the corrected future ISMR change (3.64 ± 2.5) %/K. The estimate based on this EC is robust and more reliable than previous estimates for basing policy interventions toward adaptation and mitigation.
Improved Parameterization for the Size Distribution of Emitted Dust Aerosols Reduces Model Underestimation of Super Coarse Dust
Authors: Meng Jun , Huang Yue , Leung Danny M. , Li Longlei , Adebiyi Adeyemi A. , Ryder Claire L. , Mahowald Natalie M. , Kok Jasper F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAircraft measurement campaigns have revealed that super coarse dust (diameter >10 μm) surprisingly accounts for approximately a quarter of aerosols by mass in the atmosphere. However, most global aerosol models either underestimate or do not include super coarse dust abundance. To address this problem, we use brittle fragmentation theory to develop a parameterization for the emitted dust size distribution that includes emission of super coarse dust. We implement this parameterization in the Community Earth System Model (CESM) and find that it brings the model in good agreement with aircraft measurements of super coarse dust close to dust source regions. However, the CESM still underestimates super coarse dust in dust outflow regions. Thus, we conclude that the model underestimation of super coarse atmospheric dust is in part due to the underestimation of super coarse dust emission and likely in part due to errors in deposition processes.
Effects of Subseasonal Variation in the East Asian Monsoon System on the Summertime Heat Wave in Western North America in 2021
Authors: Qian Yitian , Hsu Pang‐Chi , Yuan Jiacan , Zhu Zhiwei , Wang Huijun , Duan Mingkeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the early summer (late June–early July) of 2021, a prolonged and extremely high temperature event was observed in the Northwest United States and Southwest Canada. In this study, a connection was found between the subseasonal variations of the East Asian monsoon system and the anomalous heat dome over western North America (WNA). Around 2–3 pentads prior to the period of maximum heat, a northward‐propagating rain belt and abnormally intensified jet stream in East Asia excited a Rossby wave train, causing the high‐pressure anomaly over WNA that was responsible for the occurrence of this heat wave in 2021. Multivariate singular value decomposition analysis results using historical data and a series of numerical experiments further supported the finding of this East Asia–western North America teleconnection. The results provide precursor signals for better monitoring and predicting heat waves over WNA.
Interpreting Differences in Radiative Feedbacks From Aerosols Versus Greenhouse Gases
Authors: Salvi Pietro , Ceppi Paulo , Gregory Jonathan M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractExperiments with seven Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 models were used to assess the climate feedback parameter for net historical, historical greenhouse gas (GHG) and anthropogenic aerosol forcings. The net radiative feedback is found to be more amplifying (higher effective climate sensitivity) for aerosol than GHG forcing, and hence also less amplifying for net historical (GHG + aerosol) than GHG only. We demonstrate that this difference is consistent with their different latitudinal distributions. Historical aerosol forcing is most pronounced in northern extratropics, where the boundary layer is decoupled from the free troposphere, so the consequent temperature change is confined to low altitude and causes low‐level cloud changes. This is caused by change in stability, which also affects upper‐tropospheric clear‐sky emission, affecting both shortwave and longwave radiative feedbacks. This response is a feature of extratropical forcing generally, regardless of its sign or hemisphere.
A pilot study to evaluate the erythrocyte glycocalyx sensitivity to sodium as a marker for cellular salt sensitivity in hypertension
Authors: McNally Ryan J. , Morselli Franca , Farukh Bushra , Chowienczyk Phil J. , Faconti Luca 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSupressed plasma renin in patients with primary hypertension is thought to be an indirect marker of sodium-induced volume expansion which is associated with more severe hypertension and hypertension-mediated organ damage. A novel test for erythrocyte glycocalyx sensitivity to sodium (eGCSS) has been proposed as a direct measure of sodium-induced damage on erythrocyte surfaces and a marker of sensitivity of the endothelium to salt in humans. Here we explore if eGCSS relates to plasma renin and other clinical and biochemical characteristics in a cohort of patients with primary hypertension. Hypertensive subjects (n = 85, 54% male) were characterised by blood biochemistry (including plasma renin/aldosterone), urine analysis for albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR), 24-h urine sodium/potassium excretion. eGCSS was measured using a commercially available kit. Correlations between eGCSS and clinical and biochemical characteristics were explored using Spearman’s correlation coefficient and characteristics compared across tertiles of eGCSS. eGCSS was inversely correlated with renin (p < 0.05), with renin 17.72 ± 18 µU/l in the highest tertile of eGCSS compared to 84.27 ± 146.5 µU/l in the lowest (p = 0.012). eGCSS was positively correlated with ACR (p < 0.01), with ACR 7.37 ± 15.29 vs. 1.25 ± 1.52 g/mol for the highest vs. lowest tertiles of eGCSS (p < 0.05). eGCSS was not correlated with other clinical characteristics or biochemical measures. These results suggests that sodium retention in hypertension characterised by a low-renin state is associated with cell membrane damage reflected by eGCSS. This may contribute to the hypertension-mediated organ damage and the excess mortality associated with sodium overload and “salt sensitivity”.
Hemoglobin level and osteoporosis in Chinese elders with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Xiu Shuangling , Mu Zhijing , Sun Lina , Zhao Lei , Fu Junling 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Several studies demonstrated a positive relationship between hemoglobin level and bone mineral density (BMD). Thus, the association between hemoglobin concentration and osteoporosis in elders with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was explored in this study.

Methods
Totally, 573 elders with T2DM were included in the study. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Hemoglobin levels were tested. The association between the hemoglobin level and osteoporosis was subjected to logistic regression analysis.

Results
For men, the hemoglobin levels were significantly lower in osteoporosis group than that in non-osteoporosis group (135.98 ± 16.20 vs. 142.84 ± 13.78 g/L, P = 0.002). Hemoglobin levels were positively related with BMD of total hip and femoral neck in men (r = 0.170, P = 0.004; r = 0.148, P = 0.012, respectively). After adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH) D3], the hemoglobin level was related with a 0.97-fold lower risk of osteoporosis (odds ratio (OR): 0.97; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.95–0.99; P = 0.004) in men, but no such association was found in women.

Conclusion
Higher levels of hemoglobin play a protective role against osteoporosis in older men with T2DM.
Distinct phases of adult microglia proliferation: a Myc-mediated early phase and a Tnfaip3-mediated late phase
Authors: Tan Wulin , Su Po-Yi Paul , Leff Jacqueline , Gao Xiang , Chen Jiao , Guan Andrew K. , Kalyanasundaram Gokul , Ma Averil , Guan Zhonghui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMicrogliosis is a hallmark of many neurological diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, seizure, traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries, and peripheral and optic nerve injuries. Recent studies have shown that the newly self-renewed microglia have specific neurological functions. However, the mechanism of adult microglia proliferation remains largely unclear. Here, with single-cell RNA sequencing, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry, we demonstrate that the sciatic nerve injury induced two distinct phases of microglia proliferation in mouse spinal cord, each with different gene expression profiles. We demonstrate that the transcription factorMycwas transiently upregulated in spinal cord microglia after nerve injury to mediate an early phase microglia proliferation. On the other hand, we reveal that the tumor-necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 (Tnfaip3) was downregulated to mediate theMyc-independent late-phase microglia proliferation. We show that cyclin dependent kinase 1, a kinase with important function in the M phase of the cell cycle, was involved only in the early phase. We reveal that although the early phase was neither necessary nor sufficient for the late phase proliferation, the late-phase suppressed the early phase microglia proliferation in the spinal cord. Finally, we demonstrate that the termination of spinal cord microglia proliferation required bothMycandTnfaip3to resume their baseline expression. Thus, we have delineated an interactive signaling network in the proliferation of differentiated microglia.
Systems view of Bacillus subtilis pellicle development
Authors: Krajnc Mojca , Stefanic Polonca , Kostanjšek Rok , Mandic-Mulec Ines , Dogsa Iztok , Stopar David 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this study, we link pellicle development at the water–air interface with the vertical distribution and viability of the individualB. subtilisPS-216 cells throughout the water column. Real-time interfacial rheology and time-lapse confocal laser scanning microscopy were combined to correlate mechanical properties with morphological changes (aggregation status, filament formation, pellicle thickness, spore formation) of the growing pellicle. Six key events were identified inB. subtilispellicle formation that are accompanied by a major change in viscoelastic and morphology behaviour of the pellicle. The results imply that pellicle development is a multifaceted response to a changing environment induced by bacterial growth that causes population redistribution within the model system, reduction of the viable habitat to the water–air interface, cell development, and morphogenesis. The outcome is a build-up of mechanical stress supporting structure that eventually, due to nutrient deprivation, reaches the finite thickness. After prolonged incubation, the formed pellicle collapses, which correlates with the spore releasing process. The pellicle loses the ability to support mechanical stress, which marks the end of the pellicle life cycle and entry of the system into the dormant state.
Digitising historical sea level records in the Thames Estuary, UK
Authors: Inayatillah Addina , Haigh Ivan D. , Brand James H. , Francis Katy , Mortley Alex , Durrant Matthew , Fantuzzi Laura , Palmer Elizabeth , Miller Callum , Hogarth Peter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLondon is one of the world’s most important coastal cities and is located around the Thames Estuary, United Kingdom (UK). Quantifying changes in sea levels in the Thames Estuary over the 20th century and early part of the 21st century is vital to inform future management of flood risk in London. However, there are currently relatively few long, digital records of sea level available in the Thames. Here we present a new extensive sea level dataset that we have digitised from historical hand-written tabulated ledgers of high and low water, from the Port of London Authority (PLA). We captured 463 years of data, from across 15 tide gauge sites, for the period 1911 to 1995. When these historical datasets are combined with digital records available from the PLA since 1995, the sea level time-series span the 111-year period from 1911 to 2021. This new dataset will be of great importance for ongoing monitoring of mean sea-level rise, and changes in tidal range and extreme sea levels in the Thames Estuary.
Databases of quantum periods for Fano manifolds
Authors: Coates Tom , Kasprzyk Alexander M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFano manifolds are basic building blocks in geometry – they are, in a precise sense, atomic pieces of shapes. The classification of Fano manifolds is therefore an important problem in geometry, which has been open since the 1930s. One can think of this as building a Periodic Table for shapes. A recent breakthrough in Fano classification involves a technique from theoretical physics called Mirror Symmetry. From this perspective, a Fano manifold is encoded by a sequence of integers: the coefficients of a power series called the regularized quantum period. Progress to date has been hindered by the fact that quantum periods require specialist expertise to compute, and descriptions of known Fano manifolds and their regularized quantum periods are incomplete and scattered in the literature. We describe databases of regularized quantum periods for Fano manifolds in dimensions up to four. The databases in dimensions one, two, and three are complete; the database in dimension four will be updated as new four-dimensional Fano manifolds are discovered and new regularized quantum periods computed.
COVID-19 Open-Data a global-scale spatially granular meta-dataset for coronavirus disease
Authors: Wahltinez Oscar , Cheung Aurora , Alcantara Ruth , Cheung Donny , Daswani Mayank , Erlinger Anthony , Lee Matt , Yawalkar Pranali , Lê Paula , Navarro Ofir Picazo , Brenner Michael P. , Murphy Kevin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper introduces the COVID-19 Open Dataset (COD), available at goo.gle/covid-19-open-data. A static copy is of the dataset is also available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5399355. This is a very large “meta-dataset” of COVID-related data, containing epidemiological information, from 22,579 unique locations within 232 different countries and independent territories. For 62 of these countries we have state-level data, and for 23 of these countries we have county-level data. For 15 countries, COD includes cases and deaths stratified by age or sex. COD also contains information on hospitalizations, vaccinations, and other relevant factors such as mobility, non-pharmaceutical interventions and static demographic attributes. Each location is tagged with a unique identifier so that these different types of information can be easily combined. The data is automatically extracted from 121 different authoritative sources, using scalable open source software. This paper describes the format and construction of the dataset, and includes a preliminary statistical analysis of its content, revealing some interesting patterns.
Annual 30-m big Lake Maps of the Tibetan Plateau in 1991–2018
Authors: Zhao Rui , Fu Ping , Zhou Yan , Xiao Xiangming , Grebby Stephen , Zhang Guoqing , Dong Jinwei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLake systems on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are important for the supply and storage of fresh water to billions of people. However, previous studies on the dynamics of these lakes focused on monitoring on multi-year scales and therefore lack sufficient temporal information. Here we present a new dataset comprising annual maps of big lakes (>10 km2) on the TP for 1991–2018, generated by utilizing all available Landsat images in conjunction with Google Earth Engine. The annual lake maps with high overall accuracy (~96%) highlight distinctive lake distribution and lake changes: (1) about 70% number and area of lakes concentrated in the Inner basin; (2) generally increasing trends in both the area (by 33%) and number (by 30%) of lakes from 1991 to 2018; (3) the total area changes were dominated by larger lakes (>50 km2) while more fluctuations in the lake number changes were found in medium lakes (10−50 km2). Our dataset infills temporal gaps in long-term inter-annual variations of big lakes, contributing towards enhanced knowledge of TP lake systems.
Medical image segmentation model based on triple gate MultiLayer perceptron
Authors: Yan Jingke , Wang Xin , Cai Jingye , Qin Qin , Yang Hao , Wang Qin , Cheng Yao , Gan Tian , Jiang Hua , Deng Jianhua , Chen Bingxu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo alleviate the social contradiction between limited medical resources and increasing medical needs, the medical image-assisted diagnosis based on deep learning has become the research focus in Wise Information Technology of med. Most of the existing medical segmentation models based on Convolution or Transformer have achieved relatively sound effects. However, the Convolution-based model with a limited receptive field cannot establish long-distance dependencies between features as the Network deepens. The Transformer-based model produces large computation overhead and cannot generalize the bias of local features and perceive the position feature of medical images, which are essential in medical image segmentation. To address those issues, we present Triple Gate MultiLayer Perceptron U-Net (TGMLP U-Net), a medical image segmentation model based on MLP, in which we design the Triple Gate MultiLayer Perceptron (TGMLP), composed of three parts. Firstly, considering encoding the position information of features, we propose the Triple MLP module based on MultiLayer Perceptron in this model. It uses linear projection to encode features from the high, wide, and channel dimensions, enabling the model to capture the long-distance dependence of features along the spatial dimension and the precise position information of features in three dimensions with less computational overhead. Then, we design the Local Priors and Global Perceptron module. The Global Perceptron divides the feature map into different partitions and conducts correlation modelling for each partition to establish the global dependency between partitions. The Local Priors uses multi-scale Convolution with high local feature extraction ability to explore further the relationship of context feature information within the structure. At last, we suggest a Gate-controlled Mechanism to effectively solves the problem that the dependence of position embeddings between Patches and within Patches in medical images cannot be well learned due to the relatively small number of samples in medical images segmentation data. Experimental results indicate that the proposed model outperforms other state-of-the-art models in most evaluation indicators, demonstrating its excellent performance in segmenting medical images.
Procedures for obtaining muscle physiology parameters during a gracilis free-functioning muscle transfer in adult patients with brachial plexus injury
Authors: Persad Lomas S. , Ates Filiz , Evertz Loribeth Q. , Litchy William J. , Lieber Richard L. , Kaufman Kenton R. , Shin Alexander Y. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA complete understanding of muscle mechanics allows for the creation of models that closely mimic human muscle function so they can be used to study human locomotion and evaluate surgical intervention. This includes knowledge of muscle–tendon parameters required for accurate prediction of muscle forces. However, few studies report experimental data obtained directly from whole human muscle due to the invasive nature of these experiments. This article presents an intraoperative, in vivo measurement protocol for whole muscle–tendon parameters that include muscle–tendon unit length, sarcomere length, passive tension, and active tension in response to external stimulation. The advantage of this protocol is the ability to obtain these rare experimental data in situ in addition to muscle volume and weight since the gracilis is also completely removed from the leg. The entire protocol including the surgical steps for gracilis harvest takes ~ 3 h. Actual testing of the gracilis where experimental data is measured takes place within a 30-min window during surgery.
Components of respiration and their temperature sensitivity in four reconstructed soils
Authors: Lei Na , Wang Huanyuan , Zhang Yang , Chen Tianqing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSeasonal changes characteristics in the respiration of four reconstructed soil masses in a barren gravel land were monitored. The results showed that (1) Respiration and heterotrophic respiration of the four reconstructed soils with added meteorite, shale, sand increased gradually with increasing soil temperatures, reaching its maximum in summer and decreasing to its minimum in winter. the average annual respiration of reconstructed soil with sand was 4.87 μmol·m–2·s–1, which was significantly higher than the other reconstructed soils (p < 0.05). (2) The maximum and minimum values of autotrophic respiration for the four reconstructed soils appeared in August 2018 and January 2018, respectively. the proportion of autotrophic respiration to total respiration was 12.5–38.0%, 9.5–42.0%, 7.7–41.2%, and 5.0–39.3% for the soils with reconstituted meteorite, shale, sand, and soft rock, respectively. (3) The relationship between respiration and the temperature of reconstructed soils can be represented by an exponential function. The 90% to 93% changes in reconstructed soils respiration were caused by soil temperature. The temperature sensitivity (Q10) of reconstituted soil with added sand was significantly higher than that of the other three reconstituted soils.