bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exosomal circWDR62 promotes temozolomide resistance and malignant progression through regulation of the miR-370-3p/MGMT axis in glioma
Authors: Geng Xiuchao , Zhang Yuhao , Lin Xiaomeng , Zeng Zhaomu , Hu Jun , Hao Liangchao , Xu Jianglong , Wang Xinjuan , Wang Hong , Li Qiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExosome-mediated delivery of circular RNAs (circRNAs) is implicated in cancer progression. However, the role of exosomal circRNAs in the chemotherapy resistance of tumours remains poorly understood. Here we identified a novel circRNA, circWDR62. It was found that circWDR62 expression was upregulated in TMZ-resistant glioma cells and TMZ-resistant glioma cell-derived exosomes compared with their controls by using high-throughput microarray analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and high circWDR62 expression was associated with poor prognosis of glioma. Functionally, downregulation of circWDR62 expression could significantly inhibit the TMZ resistance and malignant progression of glioma. Further mechanistic studies showed that circWDR62 plays a role by sponging miR-370-3p as a competing endogenous RNA. Rescue experiments confirmed that MGMT is the downstream target of the circWDR62/miR-370-3p axis in glioma. In addition, circWDR62 could be transported between TMZ-resistant and TMZ-sensitive glioma cells via exosomes. Exosomal circWDR62 from TMZ-resistant cells conferred TMZ resistance in recipient sensitive cells while also enhancing the proliferation, migration and invasion of these cells. A series of clinical and in vivo trials corroborated that exosomal circWDR62 could promote TMZ chemoresistance and malignant progression of glioma. Our results demonstrate for the first time that exosome-mediated delivery of circWDR62 can promote TMZ resistance and malignant progression via targeting of the miR-370-3p/MGMT axis in vitro and in vivo in glioma, providing a new therapeutic strategy. Moreover, exosomal circWDR62 in human serum may serve as a promising therapeutic target and prognostic marker for glioma therapy.
Translational fidelity and growth of Arabidopsis require stress-sensitive diphthamide biosynthesis
Authors: Zhang Hongliang , Quintana Julia , Ütkür Koray , Adrian Lorenz , Hawer Harmen , Mayer Klaus , Gong Xiaodi , Castanedo Leonardo , Schulten Anna , Janina Nadežda , Peters Marcus , Wirtz Markus , Brinkmann Ulrich , Schaffrath Raffael , Krämer Ute 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDiphthamide, a post-translationally modified histidine residue of eukaryotic TRANSLATION ELONGATION FACTOR2 (eEF2), is the human host cell-sensitizing target of diphtheria toxin. Diphthamide biosynthesis depends on the 4Fe-4S-cluster protein Dph1 catalyzing the first committed step, as well as Dph2 to Dph7, in yeast and mammals. Here we show that diphthamide modification of eEF2 is conserved inArabidopsis thalianaand requires AtDPH1. Ribosomal −1 frameshifting-error rates are increased in Arabidopsisdph1mutants, similar to yeast and mice. Compared to the wild type, shorter roots and smaller rosettes ofdph1mutants result from fewer formed cells. TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR) kinase activity is attenuated, and autophagy is activated, indph1mutants. Under abiotic stress diphthamide-unmodified eEF2 accumulates in wild-type seedlings, most strongly upon heavy metal excess, which is conserved in human cells. In summary, our results suggest that diphthamide contributes to the functionality of the translational machinery monitored by plants to regulate growth.
Deep learning for development of organic optoelectronic devices: efficient prescreening of hosts and emitters in deep-blue fluorescent OLEDs
Authors: Jeong Minseok , Joung Joonyoung F. , Hwang Jinhyo , Han Minhi , Koh Chang Woo , Choi Dong Hoon , Park Sungnam 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energies, which are key factors in optoelectronic devices, must be accurately estimated for newly designed materials. Here, we developed a deep learning (DL) model that was trained with an experimental database containing the HOMO and LUMO energies of 3026 organic molecules in solvents or solids and was capable of predicting the HOMO and LUMO energies of molecules with the mean absolute errors of 0.058 eV. Additionally, we demonstrated that our DL model was efficiently used to virtually screen optimal host and emitter molecules for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Deep-blue fluorescent OLEDs, which were fabricated with emitter and host molecules selected via DL prediction, exhibited narrow emission (bandwidth = 36 nm) at 412 nm and an external quantum efficiency of 6.58%. Our DL-assisted virtual screening method can be further applied to the development of component materials in optoelectronics.
Comparative genome anatomy reveals evolutionary insights into a unique amphitriploid fish
Authors: Wang Yang , Li Xi-Yin , Xu Wen-Jie , Wang Kun , Wu Bin , Xu Meng , Chen Yan , Miao Li-Jun , Wang Zhong-Wei , Li Zhi , Zhang Xiao-Juan , Yin Zhan , Zhou Bo-Tong , Yang Yu-Lan , Zhu Cheng-Long , Hu Ming-Liang , Zheng Jiang-Ming , Feng Chen-Guang , Qiu Qiang , Tian Le-Tian , Lu Meng , Peng Fang , Lu Wei-Jia , Tong Jin-Feng , Tong Jin-Gou , Fu Bei-De , Yu Peng , Ding Miao , Gan Rui-Hai , Zhang Qin-Qin , Jian Jian-Bo , Zhang Chi , He Wei-Ming , Yang Wei , Zhao Zi-Cheng , Zhang Qian-Qian , Gao Qiang , Xu Jun-Yang , Bai Ming-Zhou , Zhang Ya-Ping , Yang Huan-Ming , Fang Xiao-Dong , Wang Wen , Zhou Li , Gui Jian-Fang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTriploids are rare in nature because of difficulties in meiotic and gametogenic processes, especially in vertebrates. TheCarassiuscomplex of cyprinid teleosts contains sexual tetraploid crucian carp/goldfish (C. auratus) and unisexual hexaploid gibel carp/Prussian carp (C. gibelio) lineages, providing a valuable model for studying the evolution and maintenance mechanism of unisexual polyploids in vertebrates. Here we sequence the genomes of the two species and assemble their haplotypes, which contain two subgenomes (A and B), to the chromosome level. Sequencing coverage analysis reveals thatC. gibeliois an amphitriploid (AAABBB) with two triploid sets of chromosomes; each set is derived from a different ancestor. Resequencing data from different strains ofC. gibelioshow that unisexual reproduction has been maintained for over 0.82 million years. Comparative genomics show intensive expansion and alterations of meiotic cell cycle-related genes and an oocyte-specific histone variant. Cytological assays indicate thatC. gibelioproduces unreduced oocytes by an alternative ameiotic pathway; however, sporadic homologous recombination and a high rate of gene conversion also exist inC. gibelio. These genomic changes might have facilitated purging deleterious mutations and maintaining genome stability in this unisexual amphitriploid fish. Overall, the current results provide novel insights into the evolutionary mechanisms of the reproductive success in unisexual polyploid vertebrates.
Monkey visual attention does not fall into the uncanny valley
Authors: Carp Sarah B. , Santistevan Anthony C. , Machado Christopher J. , Whitaker Alexander M. , Aguilar Brittany L. , Bliss-Moreau Eliza 
Published: July 2022

AbstractVery humanlike artificial agents can induce feelings of uneasiness in human perceivers. Stimuli that generate this response are said to occupy “the uncanny valley”. Given inconsistent findings in the literature, whether or not nonhuman animals experience the uncanny valley is unclear. Here, we recorded the visual attention of eleven male rhesus monkeys as they viewed faces varying in realness across five levels, with visual attention measured by both number and duration of visual fixations on faces as a whole and on areas of interest within the faces (e.g., eyes, mouth). Face stimuli varied in terms of the realism of the image and behavior depicted by the face (lipsmack, threat, bared teeth, and neutral). We largely found no support that rhesus monkeys perceive an uncanny valley when viewing our stimuli; however, monkeys did generally pay more attention to eyes and less attention to mouths in real images compared to less realistic images. Across all stimuli, monkeys’ visual attention was drawn to the mouths of images when teeth were visible. These findings suggest that rhesus monkeys in our study did not display an uncanny valley effect when viewing realistic stimuli but did percieve affective information depicted by faces regardless of how real those faces appear.
Sequential accumulation of dynein and its regulatory proteins at the spindle region in the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo
Authors: Torisawa Takayuki , Kimura Akatsuki 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCytoplasmic dynein is responsible for various cellular processes during the cell cycle. The mechanism by which its activity is regulated spatially and temporarily inside the cell remains elusive. There are various regulatory proteins of dynein, including dynactin, NDEL1/NUD-2, and LIS1. Characterizing the spatiotemporal localization of regulatory proteins in vivo will aid understanding of the cellular regulation of dynein. Here, we focused on spindle formation in theCaenorhabditis elegansearly embryo, wherein dynein and its regulatory proteins translocated from the cytoplasm to the spindle region upon nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD). We found that (i) a limited set of dynein regulatory proteins accumulated in the spindle region, (ii) the spatial localization patterns were distinct among the regulators, and (iii) the regulatory proteins did not accumulate in the spindle region simultaneously but sequentially. Furthermore, the accumulation of NUD-2 was unique among the regulators. NUD-2 started to accumulate before NEBD (pre-NEBD accumulation), and exhibited the highest enrichment compared to the cytoplasmic concentration. Using a protein injection approach, we revealed that the C-terminal helix of NUD-2 was responsible for pre-NEBD accumulation. These findings suggest a fine temporal control of the subcellular localization of regulatory proteins.
Identification and validation of Alzheimer’s disease-related metabolic brain pattern in biomarker confirmed Alzheimer’s dementia patients
Authors: Perovnik Matej , Tomše Petra , Jamšek Jan , Emeršič Andreja , Tang Chris , Eidelberg David , Trošt Maja 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMetabolic brain biomarkers have been incorporated in various diagnostic guidelines of neurodegenerative diseases, recently. To improve their diagnostic accuracy a biologically and clinically homogeneous sample is needed for their identification. Alzheimer’s disease-related pattern (ADRP) has been identified previously in cohorts of clinically diagnosed patients with dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), meaning that its diagnostic accuracy might have been reduced due to common clinical misdiagnosis. In our study, we aimed to identify ADRP in a cohort of AD patients with CSF confirmed diagnosis, validate it in large out-of-sample cohorts and explore its relationship with patients’ clinical status. For identification we analyzed 2-[18F]FDG PET brain scans of 20 AD patients and 20 normal controls (NCs). For validation, 2-[18F]FDG PET scans from 261 individuals with AD, behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia, mild cognitive impairment and NC were analyzed. We identified an ADRP that is characterized by relatively reduced metabolic activity in temporoparietal cortices, posterior cingulate and precuneus which co-varied with relatively increased metabolic activity in the cerebellum. ADRP expression significantly differentiated AD from NC (AUC = 0.95) and other dementia types (AUC = 0.76–0.85) and its expression correlated with clinical measures of global cognition and neuropsychological indices in all cohorts.
Genomic instability genes in lung and colon adenocarcinoma indicate organ specificity of transcriptomic impact on Copy Number Alterations
Authors: Rao Chinthalapally V. , Xu Chao , Zhang Yuting , Asch Adam S. , Yamada Hiroshi Y. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGenomic instability (GI) in cancer facilitates cancer evolution and is an exploitable target for therapy purposes. However, specific genes involved in cancer GI remain elusive. Causal genes for GI via expressions have not been comprehensively identified in colorectal cancers (CRCs). To fill the gap in knowledge, we developed a data mining strategy (Gene Expression to Copy Number Alterations; “GE-CNA”). Here we applied the GE-CNA approach to 592 TCGA CRC datasets, and identified 500 genes whose expression levels associate with CNA. Among these, 18 were survival-critical (i.e., expression levels correlate with significant differences in patients’ survival). Comparison with previous results indicated striking differences between lung adenocarcinoma and CRC: (a) less involvement of overexpression of mitotic genes in generating genomic instability in the colon and (b) the presence of CNA-suppressing pathways, including immune-surveillance, was only partly similar to those in the lung. Following 13 genes (TIGD6, TMED6, APOBEC3D, EP400NL, B3GNT4, ZNF683, FOXD4, FOXD4L1, PKIB, DDB2, MT1G, CLCN3, CAPS) were evaluated as potential drug development targets (hazard ratio [> 1.3 or < 0.5]). Identification of specific CRC genomic instability genes enables researchers to develop GI targeting approach. The new results suggest that the “targeting genomic instability and/or aneuploidy” approach must be tailored for specific organs.
Stockwell transform and semi-supervised feature selection from deep features for classification of BCI signals
Authors: Salimpour Sahar , Kalbkhani Hashem , Seyyedi Saeed , Solouk Vahid 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOver the past few years, the processing of motor imagery (MI) electroencephalography (EEG) signals has been attracted for developing brain-computer interface (BCI) applications, since feature extraction and classification of these signals are extremely difficult due to the inherent complexity and tendency to artifact properties of them. The BCI systems can provide a direct interaction pathway/channel between the brain and a peripheral device, hence the MI EEG-based BCI systems seem crucial to control external devices for patients suffering from motor disabilities. The current study presents a semi-supervised model based on three-stage feature extraction and machine learning algorithms for MI EEG signal classification in order to improve the classification accuracy with smaller number of deep features for distinguishing right- and left-hand MI tasks. Stockwell transform is employed at the first phase of the proposed feature extraction method to generate two-dimensional time–frequency maps (TFMs) from one-dimensional EEG signals. Next, the convolutional neural network (CNN) is applied to find deep feature sets from TFMs. Then, the semi-supervised discriminant analysis (SDA) is utilized to minimize the number of descriptors. Finally, the performance of five classifiers, including support vector machine, discriminant analysis,k-nearest neighbor, decision tree, random forest, and the fusion of them are compared. The hyperparameters of SDA and mentioned classifiers are optimized by Bayesian optimization to maximize the accuracy. The presented model is validated using BCI competition II dataset III and BCI competition IV dataset 2b. The performance metrics of the proposed method indicate its efficiency for classifying MI EEG signals.
Explainable machine learning for real-time deterioration alert prediction to guide pre-emptive treatment
Authors: Brankovic Aida , Hassanzadeh Hamed , Good Norm , Mann Kay , Khanna Sankalp , Abdel-Hafez Ahmad , Cook David 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Electronic Medical Record (EMR) provides an opportunity to manage patient care efficiently and accurately. This includes clinical decision support tools for the timely identification of adverse events or acute illnesses preceded by deterioration. This paper presents a machine learning-driven tool developed using real-time EMR data for identifying patients at high risk of reaching critical conditions that may demand immediate interventions. This tool provides a pre-emptive solution that can help busy clinicians to prioritize their efforts while evaluating the individual patient risk of deterioration. The tool also provides visualized explanation of the main contributing factors to its decisions, which can guide the choice of intervention. When applied to a test cohort of 18,648 patient records, the tool achieved 100% sensitivity for prediction windows 2–8 h in advance for patients that were identified at 95%, 85% and 70% risk of deterioration.
Imaging characteristics of pulmonary BCG/TB infection in patients with chronic granulomatous disease
Authors: Yao Qiong , Zhou Qin-hua , Shen Quan-li , Wang Xiao-chuan , Hu Xi-hong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn China, tuberculosis (TB) is endemic and the Bacillus Callmette–Güerin (BCG) vaccine is administered to all the newborns, which may lead to BCG infection in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). Infection of BCG/TB in CGD patients can be fatal and pulmonary is the most affected organ. Our objective was to assess the imaging of pulmonary BCG/TB infection in CGD. We screened 169 CGD patients and identified the patients with pulmonary BCG/TB infection. BCG infection was diagnosis according to the vaccination history, local infection manifestation, acid-fast bacilli staining, specific polymerase chain reaction, and/or spoligotyping. PPD, T-SPOT and acid-fast bacilli staining were used for diagnosis of TB. Totally 58 patients were identified, including TB (n = 7), solely BCG (n = 18), BCG + bacterial (n = 20), and BCG + fungi (n = 13). The onset of BCG disease was much earlier than TB. For those patients only with BCG, lymphadenopathy was the first and most prevalent feature. The most found location was the left axilla, followed by the ipsilateral cervical areas and mediastinal or hilar area. On chest CT, ground-glass opacities, multiple nodules and pulmonary scarring were the most common findings. For TB patients, the pulmonary infections were more serious, including large masses, severe lymphadenopathy, and extensive pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary infection of BCG were more common than TB in CGD patients, but much less severe.
Fate of hips complicated by avascular necrosis of the femoral head following reconstructive surgery in nonambulatory patients with cerebral palsy
Authors: Park Byoung Kyu , Park Hoon , Park Kun Bo , Rhee Isaac , Kim Sungmin , Kim Hyun Woo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of avascular necrosis of the femoral head (AVN) following hip reconstructions on the future hip development of cerebral palsy (CP) patients. A retrospective study of 394 hips in 205 nonambulatory patients with spastic CP who underwent reconstructive hip surgery was performed. The mean age at surgery was 7.3 ± 2.4 years. The mean follow-up duration was 5.6 ± 2.7 years, and the mean age at the latest follow-up was 12.8 ± 3.4 years. AVN was classified in terms of its severity and location. Femoral head remodelling was assessed by the spherical index and the Mose circle. An unsatisfactory radiological outcome was defined as having a migration percentage of more than 30% at the final follow-up. AVN was observed in 169 (42.9%) hips. Older age at the time of surgery, higher preoperative migration percentage, and open reduction procedures were predictors for the development of AVN. Hips with AVN confined to the lateral epiphysis, and AVN involving the entire epiphysis with preserved height experienced successful remodelling. 27 (65.9%) of the 41 hips with unsatisfactory outcomes experienced AVN. Younger age, higher postoperative migration percentage, and occurrence of AVN were related to unsatisfactory outcomes. The highest incidence of failed remodelling and unsatisfactory outcomes were observed in hips with entire epiphyseal involvement and more than 50% loss of its height. AVN following hip reconstructions is not necessarily associated with poor hip development, however, depending on the severity and location, it is a prognostic factor for unsatisfactory radiological outcomes.
Predictability of South-Asian monsoon rainfall beyond the legacy of Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere program (TOGA)
Authors: Goswami B. N. , Chakraborty Deepayan , Rajesh P. V. , Mitra Adway 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the backdrop of overwhelming evidences of associations between North-Atlantic (NA) sea-surface temperature (SST) and the Indian summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR), the lack of a quantitative nonlinear causal inference has been a roadblock for advancing ISMR predictability. Here, we advance a hypothesis of teleconnection between the NA-SST and ISMR, and establish the causality between the two using two different nonlinear causal inference techniques. We unravel that the NA-SST and the El Nino and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are two independent drivers of ISMR with the former contributing as much to ISMR variability as does the latter. Observations and climate model simulations support the NA-SST–ISMR causality through a Rossby wave-train driven by NA-SST that modulates the seasonal mean by forcing long active (break) spells of ISMR.
A review on the techniques used in prostate brachytherapy
Authors: Li Yanlei , Yang Chenguang , Bahl Amit , Persad Raj , Melhuish Chris 
Published: July 2022

AbstractProstate brachytherapy is a validated treatment for prostate cancer. During the procedure, the accuracy of needle placement is critical to the treatment’s effectiveness. However, the inserted needle could deflect from the preset trajectory because of the needle deflection, tissue shifting caused by the interaction between the needle and soft tissue, as well as the effects of pre‐inserted needles. There are significant challenges in needle placement areas, especially in prostate brachytherapy, because multiple needles are required for the effectiveness of radiation. To overcome these limitations, relevant research is carried out in mechanical, computer science, and material science areas. With the development of surgical robotics, researchers are also exploring the possibilities of raising the accuracy of needle placement with surgical‐assisted robotics. This study provides a review over the last 3 decades in each of the component research areas that constitutes a surgical robotics system, including needle steering approaches, needle‐tissue deformation models, path planning algorithms and different automatic level surgical robotics systems used for prostate cancer treatment, especially prostate brachytherapy. Further directions for researchers are also suggested.
Low power control for magnetically suspended control moment gyro based on current adaptive adjustment‐gimbal angular velocity feedforward method
Authors: Sun Jinji , Zhao Jiye 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMagnetically suspended control moment gyro (MSCMG) outputs gyro moment by changing the direction of the rotor angular momentum to adjust the spacecraft attitude. In the process of outputting moment, due to the moving‐gimbal effect, the power consumption of magnetic bearing occupies a large proportion in MSCMG. The existing low power control methods have problems that adjustment time is long and the effect of reducing energy consumption depends on the model accuracy. To solve these problems, the method of current adaptive adjustment‐gimbal angular velocity feedforward (CAA‐GAVF) is proposed. The CAA‐GAVF method controls rotor deflect actively so that the permanent magnet can generate moment to offset the coupling moment of moving‐gimbal effect, thus reducing the power consumption of control current. In CAA‐GAVF, the deflection angle of rotor is quickly adjusted by the feedforward of gimbal angular velocity. The current integral value is used to adjust the feedforward matrix adaptively and precisely. The experimental results show that the power consumption of CAA‐GAVF method is reduced to 43.3% of the traditional control method.