bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring the shock stage of Itokawa and asteroid regolith grains by electron backscattered diffraction, optical petrography, and synchrotron X‐ray diffraction
Authors: Zolensky Michael , Martinez James , Sitzman Scott , Mikouchi Takashi , Hagiya Kenji , Ohsumi Kazumasa , Komatsu Mutsumi , Nakamura Tomoki , Takenouchi Atsushi , Ono Haruka , Hasegawa Hikari , Higashi Kotaro , Terada Yasuko , Yagi Naoto , Takata Masaki , Ozawa Hikaru , Taki Yuta , Yamatsuta Yuta , Hirata Arashi , Kurokawa Ayaka , Yamaguchi Shoki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOur goal was to devise a bridge between shock determinations of asteroid regolith grains by standard light optical petrography, synchrotron X‐ray diffraction (SXRD), and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). We determined the optimal conditions under which to measure the shock stage of olivine crystals in astromaterial grains by EBSD. We applied this EBSD procedure to the shock stage determination of four regolith grains from asteroid Itokawa, returned to earth by the Hayabusa spacecraft. Interpretation of these data required a parallel examination of three ordinary chondrite standards that exhibited shock histories ranging from stage 2 to stage 4, using all three techniques. Standard light optical petrography indicated shock stage of S2/3 for the 24 Itokawa grains analyzed. SXRD results for seven Itokawa grains indicate a shock stage of S2. EBSD maps of four Itokawa grains indicate shock stage S3. Thus, the different techniques indicate slightly different shock stages, probably due to small sampling populations for EBSD and SXRD. We therefore recommend that significantly more than seven regolith grains should be separately analyzed by any shock determination technique, probably between 10 and 20. In any case, Itokawa regolith grains have been shocked to stage S2/3, or approximately 5–10 GPa. Finally, we investigated the crystallinity of one Itokawa olivine by SXRD, determining that the 5–10 GPa shock it had experienced did not appreciably alter the size of the unit cell, contrary to some previous suggestions.
Genomic associations with poxvirus across divergent island populations in Berthelot's pipit
Authors: Sheppard Eleanor C. , Martin Claudia A. , Armstrong Claire , González‐Quevedo Catalina , Illera Juan Carlos , Suh Alexander , Spurgin Lewis G. , Richardson David S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms and genes that enable animal populations to adapt to pathogens is important from an evolutionary, health and conservation perspective. Berthelot's pipit (Anthus berthelotii) experiences extensive and consistent spatial heterogeneity in avian pox infection pressure across its range of island populations, thus providing an excellent system with which to examine how pathogen‐mediated selection drives spatial variation in immunogenetic diversity. Here, we test for evidence of genetic variation associated with avian pox at both an individual and population‐level. At the individual level, we find no evidence that variation in MHC class I and TLR4 (both known to be important in recognising viral infection) was associated with pox infection within two separate populations. However, using genotype‐environment association (Bayenv) in conjunction with genome‐wide (ddRAD‐seq) data, we detected strong associations between population‐level avian pox prevalence and allele frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at a number of sites across the genome. These sites were located within genes involved in cellular stress signalling and immune responses, many of which have previously been associated with responses to viral infection in humans and other animals. Consequently, our analyses indicate that pathogen‐mediated selection may play a role in shaping genomic variation among relatively recently colonised island bird populations and highlight the utility of genotype‐environment associations for identifying candidate genes potentially involved in host‐pathogen interactions.
Decoy engineering of the receptor‐like cytoplasmic kinase StPBS1 to defend against virus infection in potato
Authors: Bai Runyao , Li Huanhuan , Du Wenjia , Niu Niu , Li Wenxia , Gao Qican , Yao Chongyang , Zhou Zikai , Bao Wenhua , Che Mingjia , Zhao Yongxiu , Zhou Bin , Wang Yaohui , Wuriyanghan Hada 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPotato virus Y (PVY) is an important pathogen of potato (Solanum tuberosum). Although the PBS1–RPS5 immune system is well documented in Arabidopsis thaliana, it has not been reported in potato. In Arabidopsis, the bacterial effector AvrPphB cleaves AtPBS1 to trigger an immune response. Here, we show that the AvrPphB‐triggered immune response is mediated by StPBS1, a close homologue of AtPBS1 in potato. However, downstream signalling of StPBS1 was mediated by unknown resistance (R) proteins other than potato orthologues of AtRPS5 and HvPBR1, which is important for HvPBS1 signalling in barley. Immune signalling of StPBS1 is mediated by the AvrPphB C‐terminal cleavage domain and an STKPQ motif, in contrast to AtPBS1‐mediated immunity in which both AvrPphB cleavage fragments and an SEMPH motif are essential. The cleavage sequence of AvrPphB in StPBS1 was replaced with that of the PVY NIa‐Pro protease to obtain StPBS1NIa. StPBS1NIa overexpression potato displayed stronger immunity to PVY infection than did the StPBS1 transgenic lines. StPBS1NIa was cleaved at the expected target site by NIa‐Pro protease from PVY. Thus, we characterized the function of StPBS1 in potato immunity and provide a biotechnology control method for PVY via transformation of decoy‐engineered StPBS1NIa.
Digital display use and contact lens wear: Effects on dry eye signs and symptoms
Authors: Talens‐Estarelles Cristian , García‐Marqués José Vicente , Cerviño Alejandro , García‐Lázaro Santiago 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeTo assess the potential additive effects of short‐term display use and contact lens (CL) wear on the ocular surface and tear film.MethodsThirty‐four healthy volunteers (20.87 ± 2.33 years old) participated in this study. Participants' dry eye symptoms, ocular surface, tear film and pupil size were assessed before and after executing a 20‐min reading task on a computer and a smartphone with and without CL wear, or with CL wear and artificial tear instillation. Measurements included the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire; 5‐item Dry Eye Questionnaire (DEQ‐5); tear meniscus height (TMH); noninvasive keratograph break‐up time (NIKBUT); bulbar conjunctival redness (BR) and pupil size.ResultsHigher symptoms were reported after reading on both displays with and without CLs (p ≤ 0.001) for short periods. BR was higher and NIKBUT shorter after reading on the computer regardless of wearing CLs (p ≤ 0.02 and p ≤ 0.02, respectively), while TMH increased for all conditions (p ≤ 0.02) except for CL computer reading (p = 0.23). Reading with CLs did not lead to greater signs of dry eye (BR, NIKBUT) and symptoms compared with reading unaided (p > 0.05), although a smaller increase in TMH was observed when reading on the computer with CLs (p = 0.005). Artificial tear instillation during CL wear led to a smaller increase in symptoms (p ≤ 0.02), a smaller increase in BR (p ≤ 0.04) and a decrease in NIKBUT (p = 0.02) compared to reading without correction.ConclusionsDisposable CL wear had no additive effects on signs and symptoms of dry eye when using digital devices for short periods. The instillation of artificial tears is an effective strategy for reducing the impact of display use in CL wearers.
Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of two RIL parents with contrasting salt responsiveness identifies polyadenylated and non‐polyadenylated flower lncRNAs in chickpea
Authors: Kaashyap Mayank , Kaur Sukhjiwan , Ford Rebecca , Edwards David , Siddique Kadambot H.M. , Varshney Rajeev K. , Mantri Nitin 
Published: April 2022

SummarySalinity severely affects the yield of chickpea. Understanding the role of lncRNAs can shed light on chickpea salt tolerance mechanisms. However, because lncRNAs are encoded by multiple sites within the genome, their classification to reveal functional versatility at the transcriptional and the post‐transcriptional levels is challenging. To address this, we deep sequenced 24 salt‐challenged flower transcriptomes from two parental genotypes of a RIL population that significantly differ in salt tolerance ability. The transcriptomes for the first time included 12 polyadenylated and 12 non‐polyadenylated RNA libraries to a sequencing depth of ~50 million reads. The ab initio transcriptome assembly comprised ~34 082 transcripts from three biological replicates of salt‐tolerant (JG11) and salt‐sensitive (ICCV2) flowers. A total of 9419 lncRNAs responding to salt stress were identified, 2345 of which were novel lncRNAs specific to chickpea. The expression of poly(A+) lncRNAs and naturally antisense transcribed RNAs suggest their role in post‐transcriptional modification and gene silencing. Notably, 178 differentially expressed lncRNAs were induced in the tolerant genotype but repressed in the sensitive genotype. Co‐expression network analysis revealed that the induced lncRNAs interacted with the FLOWERING LOCUS (FLC), chromatin remodelling and DNA methylation genes, thus inducing flowering during salt stress. Furthermore, 26 lncRNAs showed homology with reported lncRNAs such as COOLAIR, IPS1 and AT4, thus confirming the role of chickpea lncRNAs in controlling flowering time as a crucial salt tolerance mechanism in tolerant chickpea genotype. These robust set of differentially expressed lncRNAs provide a deeper insight into the regulatory mechanisms controlled by lncRNAs under salt stress.
Bifidobacterium breve during infancy attenuates mobility in low birthweight rats
Authors: Itoh Ayaka , Tanaka Nao , Fukunaga Sachiko , Nakano‐Doi Akiko , Matsuyama Tomohiro , Nakagomi Takayuki , Tsuji Masahiro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundChildren with low birthweight (LBW) have a higher risk for developing attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, for which no prophylactic measure exists. The gut microbiota in infants with LBW is different from that in infants with normal birthweight and is associated with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Oral supplementation with Bifidobacterium has several health benefits, such as suppressing inflammation.MethodsWe examined the effect of gavage supplementation with Bifidobacterium breve M‐16V from postnatal days 1–21 in a rat model of intrauterine hypoperfusion.ResultsThe open‐field test at 5 weeks of age (equivalent to human pubertal age) showed that rats in the LBW‐vehicle group were marginally hyperactive compared with rats in the sham group, while rats in the LBW‐B.breve group were significantly hypoactive compared with rats in the LBW‐vehicle group. The gut microbiota in the LBW‐vehicle group exhibited a profile significantly different from that in the sham group, whereas the gut microbiota in the LBW‐B.breve group did not exhibit a significant difference from that in the sham group. Anatomical/histological evaluation at 6 weeks of age demonstrated that the brain weight and the cerebral areas on coronal sections were reduced in the LBW groups compared with the sham group. Probiotic supplementation did not ameliorate these morphological brain anomalies in LBW animals. The percentage of Iba‐1+ cells in the brain was not different among the LBW‐B.breve, LBW‐vehicle, and sham groups.ConclusionBifidobacterium breve supplementation during early life is suggested to have the potential to help children with LBW attenuate hypermobility in adolescence.
A Sisyphean task: Developing and revising public health nursing competencies
Authors: Canales Mary K. , Drevdahl Denise J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundCompetencies are intended to enhance the public health workforce's skills. Competencies used to evaluate public health nursing (PHN) practice and education have been promoted by several nursing organizations. Having multiple sets of competencies raises questions about redundancies and their usefulness in evaluating PHN, as well as the central question about the value of the competencies themselves.MethodsA literature review of psychometric evaluation research of the competencies was performed. Qualitative content analyses were conducted of seven documents: Association of Community Health Nursing Educators’, 2000 and 2010 essentials; Quad Council Coalition's 2004, 2011, and 2018 competencies; and the American Nurses Association's, 2013 and the 2021 draft of PHN scope and standards of practice with respect to competency definition, conceptual basis, and use of an established taxonomy.ResultsNo psychometric evaluations of the competency sets were found. Textual content analysis revealed inconsistent and or missing competency definitions and theoretical frameworks with competencies proliferating over time. Taxonomy analysis identified minimal competencies at higher complexity levels according to Bloom's revised taxonomy.ConclusionsAnalyzed competencies lack reliability and validity testing, making assessment difficult for PHN educators and practitioners. Multiple and competing competencies further erode PHN's visibility, even among public health nurses. With unending revisions of PHN competencies and lack of supporting evidence regarding their effect and their integration into education or practice, recommendations for future efforts are offered.
Frequency‐domain analysis of fNIRS fluctuations induced by rhythmic mental arithmetic
Authors: Molina‐Rodríguez Sergio , Mirete‐Fructuoso Marcos , Martínez Luis M. , Ibañez‐Ballesteros Joaquín 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFunctional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an increasingly used technology for imaging neural correlates of cognitive processes. However, fNIRS signals are commonly impaired by task‐evoked and spontaneous hemodynamic oscillations of non‐cerebral origin, a major challenge in fNIRS research. In an attempt to isolate the task‐evoked cortical response, we investigated the coupling between hemodynamic changes arising from superficial and deep layers during mental effort. For this aim, we applied a rhythmic mental arithmetic task to induce cyclic hemodynamic fluctuations suitable for effective frequency‐resolved measurements. Twenty university students aged 18–25 years (eight males) underwent the task while hemodynamic changes were monitored in the forehead using a newly developed NIRS device, capable of multi‐channel and multi‐distance recordings. We found significant task‐related fluctuations for oxy‐ and deoxy‐hemoglobin, highly coherent across shallow and deep tissue layers, corroborating the strong influence of surface hemodynamics on deep fNIRS signals. Importantly, after removing such surface contamination by linear regression, we show that the frontopolar cortex response to a mental math task follows an unusual inverse oxygenation pattern. We confirm this finding by applying for the first time an alternative method to estimate the neural signal, based on transfer function analysis and phasor algebra. Altogether, our results demonstrate the feasibility of using a rhythmic mental task to impose an oscillatory state useful to separate true brain functional responses from those of non‐cerebral origin. This separation appears to be essential for a better understanding of fNIRS data and to assess more precisely the dynamics of the neuro‐visceral link.
Increased phosphorus availability from sewage sludge ashes to maize in a crop rotation with clover
Authors: Wollmann Iris , Möller Kurt 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA recycling of Phosphorus (P) from the human food chain is mandatory to secure the future P supply for food production. However, many available recycled P fertilizers from sewage sludge do not have an adequate P bioavailability and, thus, are not suitable for their application in soils with pH >5.5–6.0, unless being combined with efficient mobilization measures. The aim of the study was to test the P mobilization ability of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) from two thermally recycled P fertilizers for a subsequently grown maize. Two sewage sludge ashes (SSA) were investigated in a pot experiment at soil pH 7.5 with red clover differing in its nitrogen (N) supply (added N fertilizer or biological N2 fixation (BNF)), followed by maize (Zea maize L.). Shoot dry matter of maize was almost doubled when N supply of previous grown clover was covered by BNF, instead of receiving added N fertilizer. Similarly, shoot P removal of maize following clover with BNF was significantly increased. It is suggested that the P mobilization is related to the BNF, and a proton release of N2 fixing clover roots led to the measured decrease in soil pH and thereby increased P availability of the tested fertilizers.
MaMYB4 is a negative regulator and a substrate of RING‐type E3 ligases MaBRG2/3 in controlling banana fruit ripening
Authors: Yang Ying‐Ying , Shan Wei , Yang Tian‐Wei , Wu Chao‐Jie , Liu Xun‐Cheng , Chen Jian‐Ye , Lu Wang‐Jin , Li Zheng‐Guo , Deng Wei , Kuang Jian‐Fei 
Published: April 2022

SUMMARYFruit ripening is a complex developmental process, which is modulated by both transcriptional and post‐translational events. Control of fruit ripening is important in maintaining moderate quality traits and minimizing postharvest deterioration. In this study, we discovered that the transcription factor MaMYB4 acts as a negative regulator of fruit ripening in banana. The protein levels of MaMYB4 decreased gradually with banana fruit ripening, paralleling ethylene production, and decline in firmness. DNA affinity purification sequencing combined with RNA‐sequencing analyses showed that MaMYB4 preferentially binds to the promoters of various ripening‐associated genes including ethylene biosynthetic and cell wall modifying genes. Furthermore, ectopic expression of MaMYB4 in tomato delayed tomato fruit ripening, which was accompanied by downregulation of ethylene biosynthetic and cell wall modifying genes. Importantly, two RING finger E3 ligases MaBRG2/3, whose protein accumulation increased progressively with fruit ripening, were found to interact with and ubiquitinate MaMYB4, contributing to decreased accumulation of MaMYB4 during fruit ripening. Transient overexpression of MaMYB4 and MaBRG2/3 in banana fruit ripening delayed or promoted fruit ripening by inhibiting or stimulating ethylene biosynthesis, respectively. Taken together, we demonstrate that MaMYB4 negatively modulates banana fruit ripening, and that MaMYB4 abundance could be regulated by protein ubiquitination, thus providing insights into the role of MaMYB4 in controlling fruit ripening at both transcriptional and post‐translational levels.
Thecellulose synthase‐like F3(CslF3) gene mediates cell wall polysaccharide synthesis and affects root growth and differentiation in barley
Authors: Lou Haoyu , Tucker Matthew R. , Shirley Neil J. , Lahnstein Jelle , Yang Xiujuan , Ma Chao , Schwerdt Julian , Fusi Riccardo , Burton Rachel A. , Band Leah R. , Bennett Malcolm J. , Bulone Vincent 
Published: April 2022

SUMMARYThe barleycellulose synthase‐like F(CslF) genes encode putative cell wall polysaccharide synthases. They are related to thecellulose synthase(CesA) genes involved in cellulose biosynthesis, and theCslDgenes that influence root hair development. AlthoughCslDgenes are implicated in callose, mannan and cellulose biosynthesis, and are found in both monocots and eudicots,CslFgenes are specific to the Poaceae. Recently the barleyCslF3(HvCslF3) gene was shown to be involved in the synthesis of a novel (1,4)‐β‐linked glucoxylan, but it remains unclear whether this gene contributes to plant growth and development. Here, expression profiling using qRT‐PCR and mRNAin situhybridization revealed thatHvCslF3accumulates in the root elongation zone. SilencingHvCslF3by RNAi was accompanied by slower root growth, linked with a shorter elongation zone and a significant reduction in root system size. Polymer profiling of theRNAilines revealed a significant reduction in (1,4)‐β‐linked glucoxylan levels. Remarkably, the heterologous expression ofHvCslF3in wild‐type (Col‐0) and root hair‐deficient Arabidopsis mutants (csld3andcsld5) complemented thecsld5mutant phenotype, in addition to altering epidermal cell fate. Our results reveal a key role forHvCslF3during barley root development and suggest that members of theCslDandCslFgene families have similar functions during root growth regulation.
Lack of alloimmunization to the D antigen in D‐negative orthotopic liver transplant recipients receiving D‐positive red blood cells perioperatively
Authors: Vijayanarayanan Anjanaa , Wlosinski Lindsey , El‐Bashir Jaber , Galusca Dragos , Nagai Shunji , Yoshida Atsushi , Abouljoud Marwan S. , Otrock Zaher K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesD‐negative patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) might require a large number of red blood cell (RBC) units, which can impact the inventory of D‐negative blood. The blood bank might need to supply these patients with D‐positive RBCs because of inventory constraints. This study evaluates the prevalence of anti‐D formation in D‐negative OLT patients who received D‐positive RBCs perioperatively, as this will assist in successful patient blood management.Materials and MethodsThis was a retrospective study performed at a single academic medical centre. Electronic medical records for all 1052 consecutive patients who underwent OLT from January 2007 through December 2017 were reviewed. D‐negative patients who were transfused perioperatively with D‐positive RBCs and had antibody screening at least 30 days after transfusion were included.ResultsOf a total of 155 D‐negative patients, 23 (14.8%) received D‐positive RBCs perioperatively. Seventeen patients were included in the study. The median age was 54 years (range 36–67 years); 13 (76.5%) were male. The median number of D‐positive RBC units transfused perioperatively was 7 (range 1–66 units). There was no evidence of D alloimmunization in any patient after a median serologic follow‐up of 49.5 months (range 31 days to 127.7 months). The average number of antibody screening post OLT was 7.29.ConclusionOur study showed that transfusion of D‐positive RBCs in D‐negative OLT recipients is a safe and acceptable practice in the setting of immunosuppression. This practice allows the conservation of D‐negative RBC inventory.