bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A health promotion intervention to address youth violence among students in a technical college in Sri Lanka guided by the participatory action research approach: a study protocol
Authors: Rathnayake Nadeeka , Abhayasinghe Kalpani , De Silva Jayamal , Guruge G. N. Duminda 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Youth violence is a global public health issue and the highest rates are reported in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). Higher rates of youth violence are reported in Sri Lanka as well. Students who fail to continue higher studies in schools or enter the universities in Sri Lanka, enroll in technical colleges and are associated with a higher number of risk factors of violence. This study aims to empower youth (15–29 years old) of a technical college in Matale district, Sri Lanka, to carry out activities among themselves to improve their knowledge, change perceptions, and violence-related behaviours.

Methods
The Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach will be used. The study participants will be eighty students in a technical college in Matale district, Sri Lanka. The study period will be three years. Study participants will also be collaborators and they will involve actively in all stages of the study. A health promotion intervention will be implemented to identify determinants of youth violence and to design and implement actions while monitoring the changes. The data will be collected mainly through focus group discussions and key informant interviews both before and after the health promotion intervention. Additionally, a self-administered questionnaire will be used and the principal investigator will maintain a reflective diary. The qualitative data will be analysed thematically whereas quantitative data will be analysed using descriptive statistics. Data will be triangulated to increase the rigour of the study.

Discussion
According to literature, PAR is not widely used in health promotion. The enabling and empowerment goals of health promotion are fulfilled in PAR. Thus, this will be a novel experience for researchers and this will stimulate discussion on the combination of PAR and health promotion. This study design itself promotes active participant involvement and it may generate effective youth-led, culturally appropriate actions to address youth violence. The findings will describe what works and why it works and will help Sri Lanka and similar LMICs to create safe environments for youth in educational institutes or training colleges.
Good practices for 68Ga radiopharmaceutical production
Authors: Nelson Bryce J. B. , Andersson Jan D. , Wuest Frank , Spreckelmeyer Sarah 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The radiometal gallium-68 (68Ga) is increasingly used in diagnostic positron emission tomography (PET), with 68Ga-labeled radiopharmaceuticals developed as potential higher-resolution imaging alternatives to traditional 99mTc agents. In precision medicine, PET applications of 68Ga are widespread, with 68Ga radiolabeled to a variety of radiotracers that evaluate perfusion and organ function, and target specific biomarkers found on tumor lesions such as prostate-specific membrane antigen, somatostatin, fibroblast activation protein, bombesin, and melanocortin.

Main body
These 68Ga radiopharmaceuticals include agents such as [68Ga]Ga-macroaggregated albumin for myocardial perfusion evaluation, [68Ga]Ga-PLED for assessing renal function, [68Ga]Ga-t-butyl-HBED for assessing liver function, and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA for tumor imaging. The short half-life, favourable nuclear decay properties, ease of radiolabeling, and convenient availability through germanium-68 (68Ge) generators and cyclotron production routes strongly positions 68Ga for continued growth in clinical deployment. This progress motivates the development of a set of common guidelines and standards for the 68Ga radiopharmaceutical community, and recommendations for centers interested in establishing 68Ga radiopharmaceutical production.

Conclusion
This review outlines important aspects of 68Ga radiopharmacy, including 68Ga production routes using a 68Ge/68Ga generator or medical cyclotron, standardized 68Ga radiolabeling methods, quality control procedures for clinical 68Ga radiopharmaceuticals, and suggested best practices for centers with established or upcoming 68Ga radiopharmaceutical production. Finally, an outlook on 68Ga radiopharmaceuticals is presented to highlight potential challenges and opportunities facing the community.
Using objective measures to examine the effect of suspect-filler similarity on eyewitness identification performance
Authors: McKinley Geoffrey L. , Peterson Daniel J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhen selecting fillers to include in a police lineup, one must consider the level of similarity between the suspect and potential fillers. In order to reduce misidentifications, an innocent suspect should not stand out. Therefore, it is important that the fillers share some degree of similarity. Importantly, increasing suspect-filler similarity too much will render the task too difficult reducing correct identifications of a guilty suspect. Determining how much similarity yields optimal identification performance is the focus of the proposed study. Extant research on lineup construction has provided somewhat mixed results. In part, this is likely because similarity is often defined in relative terms due to the subjective nature of similarity. In the current study, we propose an experiment in which we manipulate suspect-filler similarity via a multidimensional scaling model constructed using objective facial measurements. In doing so, we test the “propitious heterogeneity” and the diagnostic-feature-detection hypotheses which predict an advantage of lineups with low similarity fillers in terms of discriminability.
Anti-high mobility group box protein 1 monoclonal antibody downregulating P-glycoprotein as novel epilepsy therapeutics
Authors: de Liyis Bryan Gervais , Tandy Sevinna Geshie , Endira Joana Fourta , Putri Komang Andjani , Utami Desak Ketut Indrasari 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEpilepsy, a neurological illness, is characterized by recurrent uncontrolled seizures. There are many treatments of options that can be used as the therapy of epilepsy. However, anti-seizure medications as the primary treatment choice for epilepsy show many possible adverse effects and even pharmacoresistance to the therapy. High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) as an initiator and amplifier of the neuroinflammation is responsible for the onset and progression of epilepsy by overexpressing P-glycoprotein on the blood brain barrier. HMGB1 proteins then activate TLR4 in neurons and astrocytes, in which proinflammatory cytokines are produced. Anti-HMGB1 mAb works by blocking the HMGB1, reducing inflammatory activity in the brain that may affect epileptogenesis. Through the process, anti-HMGB1 mAb reduces the TLR4 activity and other receptors that may involve in promote signal of epilepsy such as RAGE. Several studies have shown that anti-HMGB1 has the potential to inhibit the increase in serum HMGB1 in plasma and brain tissue. Further research is needed to identify the mechanism of the inhibiting of overexpression of P-glycoprotein through anti-HMGB1 mAb.
Horner syndrome secondary to edema of the longus colli muscle: a case report
Authors: Zhou Avery , Nichols Cory , Paul Janda , Vickers Aroucha 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Horner syndrome is caused by disruption to any part of the oculosympathetic nerve supply, and is classically characterized by the triad of ptosis, miosis, and facial anhidrosis. Two cases of Horner syndrome secondary to longus colli edema have previously been reported in the literature; however, this is the first case of bilateral asymmetric longus colli inflammation causing unilateral Horner syndrome.

Case presentation
An 18-year-old male was found unresponsive in his car after a motor vehicle accident and was found to have new onset anisocoria with a miotic left pupil and left-sided ptosis consistent with Horner syndrome. Imaging was unremarkable except for the MRI neck soft tissues, which revealed abnormal increased signal intensity consistent with extensive edema in the left longus colli muscle and a shorter segment of edema in the right longus colli muscle.

Conclusion
The patient’s presentation and imaging results suggest Horner syndrome secondary to edema of the longus colli muscle, as the second-order sympathetic innervation to the eye runs under the longus colli. Traumatic Horner syndrome from longus colli contusion is a rare and benign entity that may self-resolve as inflammation and compression decrease. Imaging of the soft tissues of the neck is vital in assessing this rare occurrence. More common and concerning etiologies should be excluded with proper vascular, cerebral and spinal imaging before attributing Horner syndrome to a benign cause.
Major concerns of surface water quality in south-west coastal regions of Vietnamese Mekong Delta
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Giao , Phan Kim Anh , Huynh Thi Hong Nhien 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to appraise seasonal variations in surface water quality on the coasts of Southwestern Vietnam using entropy-weighted water quality index (EWQI) and multivariate statistics: cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), and discriminant analysis (DA). Forty-nine samples monitored in Kien Giang province during the rainy and dry seasons were analysed for 16 physiochemical and biological parameters. Compared to the Vietnamese standard, surface water quality in the study areas was contaminated with organic matter (high biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand), nutrients (high ammonium (NH4+), nitrite, and orthophosphate), total suspended solids (TSS), iron (Fe), and coliform. Seasonal variations in surface water quality in the coastal regions were observed. TSS, organic matter and microbial problems in water bodies tend to be more serious in the rainy seasons due to an increase in water flow containing pollutants from upstream and wastes from regional human activities. Meanwhile, the salinity in the dry season (0–32‰) was greatly higher, which caused only 10% of samples to be suitable for irrigation. CA extracted 11 and 13 clusters from 49 locations in the dry and rainy seasons, respectively. Five principal components obtained from PCA can explain 74 and 70% of total water quality variations in dry and rainy seasons, respectively. Moreover, the results of PCA suggested that natural factors (hydrological regimes, temperature, rainfall, sea-level rise) and human sources (domestic, agriculture, industry, and tourism) are accountable for these fluctuations. DA extracted 7 parameters (pH, TSS, salinity, Fe, nitrate, NH4+, and chloride) for leading the difference in water quality, with 88% of correct assignation. EWQI revealed that about 66% of total samples were classified as a very bad quality for drinking in the dry season. However, this ratio declined to 59% in the rainy season. Although the surface water quality was slightly improved during the rainy season, organic matter and microbial pollution need to be concerned. The findings of this study can provide insights into seasonal variations in surface water with the application of multivariate statistics and EWQI, which could support policymakers in developing water management strategies.
Adapting the self-assessment of contextual fit scale for implementation of evidence-based practices in adolescent HIV settings
Authors: Coyle Karin , Carcone April Idalski , Butame Seyram , Pooler-Burgess Meardith , Chang Jason , Naar Sylvie 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Contextual fit is an important variable in the implementation of evidence-based programs (EBPs). The objectives of the current study were to examine the psychometric properties of the adapted Self-Assessment of Contextual Fit (SACF) measure for HIV clinical care settings (calling it SACF-HIV) and explore how perceptions of contextual fit varied across two different interventions (an intervention to scale up tailored motivational interviewing and an individually focused HIV prevention intervention) and 12 clinical sites.

Methods
We collected SACF-HIV data as part of a larger cross-project implementation science study (ATN 153). The study sample includes 128 clinicians, community health workers, interventionists, adherence counselors, and other members of the prevention and care team who engage in the implementation of EBPs at 12 HIV prevention and clinical care sites in the USA. We assessed the internal consistency of the SACF-HIV using Cronbach’s alpha and examined the sub-dimensionality of the scale with an exploratory factor analysis. To explore concurrent validity, we examined Pearson’s correlation coefficients between the adapted scale and fit-related sub-scale scores from the Evidence-Based Practice Attitudes Scale-50 (EBPAS-50). Variation in perceptions of fit by intervention was examined using descriptive statistics.

Results
Internal consistency of the adapted scale was strong (α=0.895). Factor analyses revealed two sub-scales—one capturing general insights regarding contextual fit, such as perceptions of skill, experience, and alignment with client needs (loadings ranging from .5 to .84), and a second centering perceptions regarding implementation support, such as resources and administrative support (loadings ranging from .89 to .97). Concurrent validity was supported by statistically significant correlations in the expected direction with EBPAS-50 fit-related sub-scales (r=.33–.35, p ≤ 0.05). SACF-HIV mean fit scores varied by intervention and the difference was statistically significant (2.78 vs. 2.53, p < 0.05).

Conclusions
There are relatively few tools assessing perceptions of contextual fit in HIV clinical settings. These results suggest the 12-item adapted SACF is a reliable, valid global assessment of perceptions of contextual fit and implementation support. The SACF-HIV can be used by practitioners and researchers interested in understanding an implementation context when planning to prepare and support EBP implementation.

Trial registration
TMI ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03681912; YMPH ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03488914
Facilitating conditions for staff’s confidence to enforce school tobacco policies: qualitative analysis from seven European cities
Authors: Linnansaari Anu , Schreuders Michael , Kunst Anton E. ,   SILNE-R -study group, Rimpelä Arja , Kinnunen Jaana M , Lorant Vincent , Grard Adeline , Mélard Nora , Robert Pierre- Olivier , Richter Matthias , Mlinarić Martin , Hoffman Laura , Clancy Luke , Keogan Sheila , Breslin Elisabeth , Hanafin Joan , Federico Bruno , Marandola Diego , Marco Anna di , Nuyts Paulien , Kuipers Mirte , Perelman Julian , Leão Teresa , Alves Joana , Lindfors Pirjo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
School staff members’ consistent enforcement of school tobacco policies (STPs) is needed to decrease adolescent smoking and exposure to tobacco smoke. Staff’s confidence, indicating their perceived ability to cope with students’ negative responses, explains variations in staff’s STPs enforcement, yet understanding of the determinants for confidence is lacking. We analyzed the conditions in which the staff feel confident in addressing students who violate STPs to support staff’s enforcement.

Methods
Data consists of 81 semi-structured interviews with the staff members from 26 secondary schools in seven European cities in Belgium, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Italy, The Netherlands, and Portugal. In every city, 3–4 staff members (senior management, teachers, supportive staff) in 3–4 schools (academic–vocational, high–low SES area) were interviewed. Transcripts were analyzed with thematic analysis.

Results
When staff felt confident in their ability to prevent, diminish, or handle students’ negative responses, they were more likely to address students on STP violations. The staff was more confident (1) when consistent policy enforcement within school and regarding the wider society ensured staff legitimacy for STPs enforcement, (2) when dialog and mutual familiarity with students allowed the staff to facilitate constructive interaction with STP violators, and (3) when organizational backup structures provided staff collegial support to overcome challenges in the enforcement. These conditions would support consistent enforcement, especially with persistent misbehavers and among the more uncertain staff members.

Conclusions
Our study stresses the need to implement strategies at multiple levels to strengthen staff’s confidence for STP enforcement. To support staff’s legitimacy for enforcement, we suggest reinforcing structures and practices that facilitate consistency in STP enforcement; to support staff’s ability for constructive interaction with STP violators, we suggest strengthening staff’s social and emotional learning; and to support staff’s experience of collegial support, we suggest reinforcing staff’s collective ability to cope with students’ negative responses.
Renal and hepatic dysfunction parameters correlate positively with gender among patients with recurrent malaria cases in Birnin Kebbi, Northwest Nigeria
Authors: Ojo Rotimi Johnson , Jonathan Isaac Gladson , Adams Moses Dele , Gyebi Gideon , Longdet Ishaya Yohanna 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Simultaneous increase in transaminases and bilirubin is an indicator of hepatic dysfunction in malaria. Malaria-induced hyperbilirubinemia has been associated with acute kidney injury and pathogenesis of cerebral malaria which are significantly associated with mortality in malaria infection. This retrospective study was designed to assess the lipid profile, and hematological, renal and hepatic function data of malaria patients in Sir Yahaya Memorial hospital Birnin Kebbi from 2016 to 2020 who are 18 years and above.

Methods
The data of all patients between 2016 and 2020 who are 18 years and above were collected. Complete data of 370 subjects who met the inclusion criteria which consist of 250 malaria subjects and 120 control subjects were analyzed.

Results
The results showed that females constitute 65.2% of malaria patients with complete records while the remaining 34.8% were males. Age distribution of the patients showed that the infection was more prevalent among 26–45 years and least among 65 years and above. Anemia and thrombocytopenia were prevalent among the female malaria patients compared to the male patients. Liver and kidney function parameters analyzed correlate positively with the gender. The infected male showed higher dysfunction in liver parameters while infected female patients showed significant dysfunction in kidney function parameters and lipid profile.

Conclusions
In conclusion, to prevent the potential widespread of acute renal and hepatic failure with the attendant morbidity and mortality among malaria patients, it is recommended that liver and kidney function tests be mandated for patients with recurring malaria and those with a history of treatment failure in the endemic area to ensure early diagnosis of malarial induced kidney and liver injury among malaria patients.
Behavioral characteristics and parenting styles in chronic habitual hyperfunctional childhood dysphonia
Authors: Ibrahim Alaa Saleh Mohamed Saleh , Amer Ayman Mohamed , Tobar Salwa Salah , Baz Hemmat Mostafa 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to understand the association of child behavior and parenting practices with chronic habitual hyperfunctional childhood dysphonia (CHCD) for a better understanding of the nature of the psychological background of the problem. The study involved 52 Egyptian children aged 4 to 14 years old of both genders; the case group included 26 children diagnosed with (CHCD) based on auditory perceptual assessment using the modified GRBAS scale and laryngeal examination using an indirect laryngoscope, and the control group included 26 healthy children of the same age and gender. All of the children in the study had their histories were taken (demographic data, child vocal behavior history, and family vocal behavior history), the social class determined, SDQ for child behavior, and APQ for parenting practices.

Results
The findings revealed that children with CHCD were more likely to engage in unhealthy vocal behavior and engage in street/sports activities. At the SDQ, children with CHCD had significantly higher emotional, conduct, and total difficulty scores. The degree of dysphonia was associated with prosocial behavior and emotional symptoms. The two groups’ parenting practices did not significantly differ from one another.

Conclusion
According to our research, CHCD is associated with several behavior problems, such as emotional symptom and conduct issues, but not with parenting practices.
Identifying clinical and demographic characteristic differences between eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic asthma and detecting predictors of eosinophilic asthma among Egyptian asthmatic patients
Authors: Refaat Maged Mohamed , Raafat Riham Hazem , AbuAlia Heba Eid , Sheha Dina Sayed 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Asthma is a heterogenous disease with various phenotypes that is characterized by airway limitation due to bronchospasm and airway inflammation associated with excessive mucus secretion. Eosinophilic asthma subtype is described as a late onset asthma that presents with more severe respiratory symptoms, and with sputum eosinophilia ≥ 3%. In the current study, we aimed to identify the difference in the clinical and demographic characteristics between eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic asthma subtypes and to determine predictors of eosinophilic asthma.

Materials and methods
One hundred bronchial asthma patients with age ≥ 18 years were divided into two groups according to sputum eosinophilia. All patients were subjected to medical history, Asthma Control Test (ACT), spirometry, serum IgE level, skin prick testing (SPT), and nasal endoscopy to detect nasal polyposis and allergic signs.

Results
No statistical difference was found between eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic asthma patients regarding age, gender, and body mass index. Patients with sputum eosinophilia had more severe obstruction by spirometry, and positive SPT to food allergens, pollens, and latex with statistical significance (p values 0.001, 0.016, and 0.017 respectively). Additionally, patients with sputum eosinophilia had lower ACT score, higher serum IgE level and higher serum eosinophil count. Total IgE had the highest diagnostic accuracy for discrimination of sputum eosinophilia among asthma patients. Pollen allergy and the severity of airway obstruction by spirometry were independent predictors of eosinophilic asthma.

Conclusion
Patients with eosinophilic asthma had more severe airway obstruction, lower ACT scores, higher serum IgE level, and serum eosinophil count. Pollen allergy and obstructive pattern by spirometry were independent predictors of eosinophilic asthma.
Analyses and architectural typology of preserved traditional mosques in the old city of Herat in Afghanistan: the case of Quzzat Quarter
Authors: Asim Ghulam Mohammad , Shimizu Hajime 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe study aims to analyse the architectural typology and determine the period of construction for the preserved traditional mosques of the Quzzat Quarter in the Old City of Herat (known as the Pearl of Khorasan). Twenty-nine mosques are located in the area, three of which are modern and 26 are traditional. Twelve out of the 26 traditional mosques still exist and have preserved their traditional landscape. Using analogy to analyse water cisterns and mosques, we determine when each mosque was developed and establish the period of development for each structure. Further analyses are carried out on the edifices’ architectural details. Architectural analyses and mosque typologies suggest that five buildings were built before the Timurid dynasty; two were built during the Timurid dynasty (1370−1507 CE); and one was built after the Timurid dynasty. Two mosques incorporating elements from different periods are counted as exceptions, and the remaining two are considered to have been built during transitional periods.