bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhodanine derivatives: An insight into the synthetic and medicinal perspectives as antimicrobial and antiviral agents
Authors: Chaurasyia Abhishek , Chawla Pooja , Monga Vikramdeep , Singh Gurpreet 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRhodanine or 2‐Thioxothiazolidin‐4‐one is a privileged heterocyclic compound offering a wide opportunity for structural modification, lead development, and modification. It is one of the highly decorated scaffolds in the drug discovery process. Rhodanine derivatives possess a plethora of biological activities due to their ability to interact with a diverse range of protein targets, which provide tremendous opportunities to discover new drugs with different modes of action. The most common strategy for developing novel rhodanine derivatives is the introduction of structurally diverse substituents at the C‐5 or N‐3, or both positions. Since the inception of Epralestat into the market in 1992, the exploration of rhodanine‐3‐acetic acids has led to the development of novel leads against different biological targets such as MRSA, HHV‐6, Mycobacterial tuberculosis, dengue, etc. In the current pandemic era, some rhodanine compounds have been explored against SARS‐CoV‐2. In recent years, rhodanine and its derivatives have witnessed significant progress in developing new drug leads as potential antimicrobial and antiviral agents. Different synthetic methodologies and recent developments in the medicinal chemistry of rhodanine derivatives, including biological activities, their mechanistic aspects, structure–activity relationships, and in silico findings, have been compiled in the present review. This article will benefit the scientific community and offer perspectives on how these scaffolds as privileged structures might be exploited in the future for rational design and discovery of rhodanine‐based bio‐active molecules.
Towards a model for analysing adolescents' reflexivity: Reflectiveness, criticality and boundedness
Authors: Kim Chae‐Young 
Published: November 2022

AbstractReflexivity has received relatively little analytic attention in discussions of younger adolescents' agency. Using interview data from a sample of South Korean adolescents, this paper explores whether and how they manifested reflexivity concerning the impacts of socioeconomic inequality on their own occupational prospects. Through combining and adapting existing theorisations, it proposes a heuristic model for analysing adolescents' reflexivity based on three interrelated continua: reflectiveness, criticality and boundedness. It is hoped this model will facilitate a more nuanced understanding of how adolescents' agency is constructed in relation to their developing capacity for reflexivity and the impacts of structural inequalities upon it.
Boardroom racial diversity: Evidence from the Black Lives Matter protests
Authors: Pajuste Anete , Dzabarovs Maksims , Madesovs Romans 
Published: November 2022

AbstractResearch Question/IssueThis paper provides evidence that the Black Lives Matter (BLM) protests that followed the killing of George Floyd on May 25, 2020, brought immediate changes to the US corporate boards.Research Findings/InsightsUsing a sample of S&P 500 index companies, we find that companies with higher representation of Black directors are associated with higher stock returns during the mass BLM protests. Within 1 year after the BLM protests, 10.7% of the sample firms hired at least one Black director (compared to having no Black representation on the board before the protests), and 31% of the newly appointed directors were Black. We find that companies typically add new diverse directors by increasing the board size, but there is no evidence of negative value effect or decreasing director quality.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsWe have observed increased disclosures of racial equity topics in the proxy statements, as well as significant increase of Black director representation in the boards. In the meantime, we do not find any valuation or stock performance effects related to boardroom racial diversity 1 year after the BLM protests.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsMass protests play an important role in shaping corporate governance responses. The finding that racial diversity can be increased at an unprecedented speed without loss in value is consistent with the view that a boost in boardroom diversity is possible under strong multichannel pressure from investors, consumers, employees, and regulators.
Spectroscopic study of lactonic rhodamine B immobilised on polytetrafluoroethylene porous film
Authors: Yamaguchi Shohei , Umeki Iori , Nagashima Megumi , Yamamoto Daisuke , Ishii Terumitsu , Hashimoto Akira , Matsui Kazunori 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRhodamine B (RB) is frequently used in chemical sensors, where the sensing principle depends on its structural changes to lactone (L), zwitterion (Z), and cation (C) forms in response to the local environment. Compared to the Z‐ and C‐forms, stabilising the L‐form in matrices is difficult because of the required low environmental polarity. In this study, we report a simple and easy method to stabilise the L‐form of RB on the surface of a polytetrafluoroethylene porous film (p‐PTFE), in which the film is dipped in an ethanol solution containing RB and dried. This phenomenon was not observed on polyethylene film and cellulose filter paper in RB solutions. Furthermore, a chemical stability test for colourless RB/p‐PTFE samples was conducted by exposing these samples to a humid environment. The test result indicated that, with an increase in the environmental humidity, the equilibrium shifted from the L‐form to the Z‐form of RB immobilised on the p‐PTFE film.
Porphyromonas gingivalis infection promotes inflammation via inhibition of the AhR signalling pathway in periodontitis
Authors: Hao Ting , Zhang Rui , Zhao Tian , Wu Juan , Leung Wai Keung , Yang Jie , Sun Weibin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPorphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is a key pathogen of chronic periodontitis. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is essential in immune homeostasis via modulation of pro‐inflammatory cytokines production and indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO). In this study, it is demonstrated that P. gingivalis may regulate AhR signalling in periodontitis, which provides a potential target for further immune regulation studies in periodontitis. Experimental periodontitis was induced in C57BL/6 mice by silk ligature and P. gingivalis oral inoculation. The alveolar bone resorption was examined using Micro‐CT. Histological structures were observed and related cytokines involved in AhR signalling pathway were analysed. RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with AhR agonist (FICZ) and antagonist (CH223191) and infected with P. gingivalis subsequently. The levels of IDO, AhR and other related cytokines were measured. To demonstrate IDO activity, the concentrations of tryptophan (Trp) and kynurenine (Kyn) were assessed by HPLC. Histological analysis of periodontitis mice showed distinct alveolar bone resorption and inflammatory cell infiltration. The level of AhR and its downstream target factors were significantly decreased in inflamed gingival tissue. Furthermore, RAW 264.7 cells incubated by P. gingivalis exhibited increased pro‐inflammatory cytokines production and decreased AhR, CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and IDO expression. Decreased IDO activity was observed as decreased Kyn/Trp ratio in the supernatant. Moreover, FICZ decreased the pro‐inflammatory cytokines levels in P. gingivalis infected cells. It is concluded that P. gingivalis may promote inflammatory responses via inhibiting the AhR signalling pathway in periodontitis.
From Price to Gain: The Evolution of Household Income Volatility and Consumption Insurance in Urban China
Authors: Zhao Da , Guo Jingyuan , Zou Hong , Song Ze 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper exploits a novel and unique opportunity to reveal the evolution of income volatility and consumption insurance from 1992 to 2014 in urban China. We found that (i) the average household experienced a downward trend in income and consumption volatility. Although the global financial crisis in 2008 caused a slight spike, it did not reverse the downward trend. (ii) Households' ability to smooth income shocks improved significantly, and the consumption insurance against permanent (transitory) income shocks increased from 0.6172 (0.8307) to 0.7453 (0.8742) – that is, the transmission of permanent (transitory) income shocks to consumption decreased by 33.46 (25.69) percent from 2004 to 2014. (iii) Welfare analysis indicates that the positive insurance effect counteracted the negative effects of lower economic growth in the 2010–2014 period. Income and consumption volatility, and consumption insurance were heterogeneous across income sources, consumption categories, and various demographic characteristics, which have important implications for understanding China's economic transition.
Risks and Firms' Decision Making on Outward Foreign Direct Investment: An Empirical Analysis of China's State‐owned Enterprises
Authors: Wang Xiaosong , Wu Huan , Li Le 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study explored how the risks encountered by Chinese state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) affected their decision‐making on outward foreign direct investment (OFDI), using data regarding the relationship between the host countries and China. The following conclusions were drawn. Larger SOEs with fixed capital exhibited a higher probability of conducting OFDI and did so on a larger scale. Various risks in host countries significantly hindered the OFDI of Chinese SOEs. In pursuit of natural resources, Chinese SOEs chose to take risks. The amount of OFDI by SOEs was positively related to the political, economic, and geographical relations between China and the corresponding host country.
‘No one ever asks about something that actually is relevant to my life’: A qualitative study of diabetes and diabetes care experiences of young women with type 2 diabetes during their reproductive years
Authors: Celik Aycan , Sturt Jackie , Temple Aya , Forbes Angus , Forde Rita 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimTo understand the health needs, experiences, and views of women with type 2 diabetes in relation to diabetes, reproductive health experiences, and general wellbeing.MethodA qualitative study using semi‐structured interviews. Thirty‐six women with type 2 diabetes (median age 37 years; age ranges 20–45 years; median diabetes duration 4.5 years), recruited through social media and charities in the UK (n = 23) and Turkey (n = 13). Video interviews (n = 28) were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Email interviews (n = 8) and transcribed video interviews were analysed using Framework Analysis.ResultsTwo overarching themes were identified: (1) Perception of self and identity, (2) type 2 diabetes care is not orientated to women's needs. These themes highlight that living with type 2 diabetes was negatively perceived by the women in terms of their self‐identity and reproductive health. Women reported that the diabetes care provided was often not appropriate or relevant to their health needs, and neglected issues of relevance to them. The women voiced ideas for enhancing current care to reflect their health needs, in particular the need for more emotional and peer‐based support.ConclusionLiving with type 2 diabetes may negatively impact how women view themselves and how they relate to the roles they identify with such as, as a partner, mother, colleague. Current healthcare systems are not orientated to the specific needs of younger women with type 2 diabetes with limited opportunities to target their diabetes care around their health and wellbeing concerns and interests.
Vulnerable plaque of the petrous internal carotid artery in embolic stroke of undetermined source
Authors: Tao Lin , Wang Yi‐Han , Shang Zi‐Yang , Yang Ben‐Qiang , Chen Hui‐Sheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeThe association between nonstenotic plaque at the petrous internal carotid artery (ICA) and embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) remains unknown. We aimed to test the hypothesis that the presence of a larger build‐up of petrous plaque is more prevalent in the ipsilateral versus the contralateral side among ESUS patients without plaque in the intracranial and proximal ICA.MethodsFrom a total of 243 patients with ESUS and 160 patients with small‐vessel disease (SVD) without proximal ICA plaque, we enrolled 88 ESUS and 103 SVD patients without ipsilateral nonstenotic intracranial and proximal ICA plaque in the present study. Targeting the petrous segment of the ICA on two sides, plaque burden including plaque thickness, lumen area, vessel area, wall area, and percentage of luminal stenosis, and composition features (presence/absence of the ruptured fibrous cap, ulcer plaque, thrombus, discontinuity of plaque surface [DPS], intraplaque hemorrhage and complicated plaque) were assessed by high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsWe found a higher prevalence of petrous plaque thickness ≥3.5 mm ipsilateral versus contralateral to the stroke (25/88 [28.4%] vs. 12/88 [13.6%], odds ratio [OR] 3.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34–9.70), but this imbalance was not seen in SVD. In patients with plaque thickness ≥3.5 mm, the presence of DPS (OR 4.05, 95% CI 1.11–14.78) and complicated plaque (OR 5.00, 95% CI 1.10–22.82) was more closely related to an index ESUS, a finding that was not evident in the subgroup with petrous plaque <3.5 mm (p for interaction = 0.027).ConclusionsThe present study provided the first evidence supporting a potential etiological role of vulnerable petrous plaque in ESUS.
Colour, physicochemical, microbiological and bioactive component quality analysis of peppers in Guizhou
Authors: Xu Zhaona , Zhong Dingjiang , Wang Jiaying , Mei Qi , Wu Quanye , Qin Likang , Zeng Haiying 
Published: November 2022

SummaryWith the development of the pepper industry and the increasing number of people who prefer spicy peppers, consumers' demands for high‐quality peppers have increased. Nine pepper cultivars from Guizhou province, China were collected and their colour, physicochemical and microbiological indices and bioactive components were analysed and evaluated. Six phenolic compounds and eight carotenoids were determined using HPLC and UPLC, respectively. The nine peppers showed significant colour variability and could be divided into two main categories, red and yellow. In addition, the peppers also differed in physicochemical and microbiological indicators. The capsaicin content ranged from 0.35 mg/g for X63 to 1.64 mg/g for the SH variety. In terms of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and vitamin C (VC) content, SH was the highest, followed by HMPC‐20 and X63 cultivars. Catechin and capsanthin were the main phenolic compounds and carotenoids with levels of 192.21–384.73 μg/g and 42.88–69.94 μg/g, respectively. Overall, SH pepper was significantly better than the other eight samples. This study provides guidance and reference for the selection of optimal pepper raw materials for in‐depth development in the future.
Comparison of robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy with soft coagulation and double‐layer technique for complex and non‐complex tumors
Authors: Shiozaki Keito , Izumi Kazuyoshi , Sasaki Yutaro , Kusuhara Yoshito , Fukawa Tomoya , Yamamoto Yasuyo , Yamaguchi Kunihisa , Izaki Hirofumi , Takahashi Masayuki , Kawanishi Yasuo , Kanayama Hiroomi 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesTo compare the postoperative outcomes of robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy when only the inner layer is sutured (single‐layer technique with soft coagulation) with those when sutures are placed in the inner and outer layers (double‐layer technique) in patients with and without complex renal tumors.MethodsThis retrospective three‐institution study included 371 patients with renal tumors who underwent robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy with a double‐layer technique or a single‐layer technique with soft coagulation. Tumors that were cT1b, completely embedded, located in the renal portal, or had a RENAL score of ≥10 were considered complex. Relevant data were collected from hospital records. Propensity score matching was performed to minimize selection bias.ResultsPropensity score matching created 83 patient pairs with non‐complex tumors and 32 with complex tumors. Regardless of tumor complexity, there was no significant difference in operation time, console time, warm ischemia time, positive surgical margin rate, or length of hospital stay between the double‐layer and single‐layer groups. Although Clavien–Dindo grade I–II urinomas not requiring intervention were significantly more common in the single‐layer group regardless of tumor complexity, there was no significant between‐group difference in the rate of decline in renal function or grade III–IV complications.ConclusionSingle‐layer suturing with soft coagulation achieves renal function and perioperative outcomes comparable to those of double‐layer suturing regardless of complexity.
Fabrication and properties of multistage gradient doping Yb:YAG laser ceramics
Authors: Tian Feng , Jiang Nan , Liu Yang , Chen Haohong , Xie Tengfei , Hreniak Dariusz , Li Jiang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn order to fully pump and smoothen the temperature gradient of the gain medium, multistage gradient doping Yb:YAG laser ceramics were designed. The composite green bodies were fabricated by tape casting, and multistage gradient doping Yb:YAG ceramics with high optical quality were prepared by vacuum sintering and hot isostatic pressing. For samples pre‐sintered at 1740°C for 30 h and then HIP‐ed at 1700°C for 3 h in argon at 200 MPa, the in‐line transmission values at 1100 nm of YAG, 0.6 at.%Yb:YAG, and 1.5 at.%Yb:YAG ceramics were found to be 83.9%, 84.1%, and 83.3%, respectively. Finally, the 940 nm laser diode was used as the pump source to realize the 1030 nm laser output of multistage gradient doping Yb:YAG ceramic slab with a total energy of 3.43 J. The corresponding optical‐to‐optical conversion and slope efficiencies were 30% and 45%.
Outcome measures for economic evaluations and cost‐effectiveness analyses of interventions for people with intellectual disabilities: A methodological systematic review
Authors: Benedetto Valerio , Filipe Luís , Harris Catherine , Tahir Naheed , Doherty Alison , Clegg Andrew 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundMainstream economic evaluations methods may not be appropriate to capture the range of effects triggered by interventions for people with intellectual disabilities. In this systematic review, we aimed to identify, assess and synthesise the arguments in the literature on how the effects of interventions for people with intellectual disabilities could be measured in economic evaluations.MethodWe searched for studies providing relevant arguments by running multi‐database, backward, forward citation and grey literature searches. Following title/abstract and full‐text screening, the arguments extracted from the included studies were summarised and qualitatively assessed in a narrative synthesis.ResultsOur final analysis included three studies, with their arguments summarised in different methodological areas.ConclusionsBased on the evidence, we suggest the use of techniques more attuned to the population with intellectual disabilities, such sensitive preference‐based instruments to collect health states data, and mapping algorithms to obtain utility values.
Same‐day discharge following catheter ablation and venous closure with VASCADE MVP: A postmarket registry
Authors: Eldadah Zayd A. , Al‐Ahmad Amin , Bunch T. Jared , Delurgio David B. , Doshi Rahul N. , Hook Bruce G. , Hranitzky Patrick M. , Joyner Charles A. , Mittal Suneet , Porterfield Christopher , Sanchez Javier E. , Thambidorai Senthil K. , Wazni Oussama M. , McElderry H. Thomas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionEarly and safe ambulation can facilitate same‐day discharge (SDD) following catheter ablation, which can reduce resource utilization and healthcare costs and improve patient satisfaction. This study evaluated procedure success and safety of the VASCADE MVP venous vascular closure system in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).MethodsThe AMBULATE SDD Registry is a two‐stage series of postmarket studies in patients with paroxysmal or persistent AF undergoing catheter ablation followed by femoral venous access‐site closure with VASCADE MVP. Efficacy endpoints included SDD success, defined as the proportion of patients discharged the same day who did not require next‐day hospital intervention for procedure/access site–related complications, and access site sustained success within 15 days of the procedure.ResultsOverall, 354 patients were included in the pooled study population, 151 (42.7%) treated for paroxysmal AF and 203 (57.3%) for persistent AF. SDD was achieved in 323 patients (91.2%) and, of these, 320 (99.1%) did not require subsequent hospital intervention based on all study performance outcomes. Nearly all patients (350 of 354; 98.9%) achieved total study success, with no subsequent hospital intervention required. No major access‐site complications were recorded. Patients who had SDD were more likely to report procedure satisfaction than patients who stayed overnight.ConclusionIn this study, 99.7% of patients achieving SDD required no additional hospital intervention for access site–related complications during follow‐up. SDD appears feasible and safe for eligible patients after catheter ablation for paroxysmal or persistent AF in which the VASCADE MVP is used for venous access‐site closure.
The Early Care Model for Initiation of Perinatal Care: “I Actually Felt Listened To”
Authors: Augur Michele , Ellis Simon Adriane , Moon Juniper 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEarly access to prenatal care is a crucial component in reducing poor perinatal outcomes. Institutional barriers such as insurance enrollment, clinic wait times, and systemic racism dramatically influence perinatal care engagement. The Early Care model seeks to address these barriers through a collaborative care model with licensed midwives and certified nurse‐midwives. In contrast to traditional models of prenatal care in which the first visit is deferred until gestational age allows for a dating ultrasound, the Early Care model allows for care to be initiated at any gestation. Patients are offered accessible telehealth early pregnancy appointments for thorough assessment of clinical and social needs to better meet each person's unique and diverse experiences. Patients can receive timely referrals for emergent clinical and social needs, as well as education about all care options. This model promotes improved outcomes and decreased disparities, as well as broader awareness of midwifery care. This article provides an overview of the Early Care model experience.