bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid identification of chemical constituents in Yinqiao powder using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry using data filtering strategy
Authors: Gu Yongzhe , Wei Lele , Liu Yue , Luo Yun , Tan Ting 
Published: May 2022

AbstractYinqiao powder is a classic and effective prescription for the treatment of many kinds of pneumonia in China. To date, its chemical constituents have not been determined. A comprehensive identification of its chemical constituents provided a structural basis to discover the potential anti‐pneumonia ingredients in Yinqiao powder. This paper developed an ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐QTOF‐MS/MS) analysis with diagnostic product ions and neutral loss filtering strategy and applied it for the comprehensive chemical profiling of Yinqiao powder, which simplified the structural elucidation of chemical constituents in Yinqiao powder. A total of 124 compounds, comprising 8 C6‐C2 glucoside conjugates, 28 iridoid glycosides, 14 lignans, 21 phenylethanol glycosides, 20 triterpenoid saponins, 9 chlorogenic acids, and 24 flavonoids, were rapidly identified in Yinqiao powder, and 32 of these were characterized by comparing their MS/MS data and retention time with reference standards. The results indicated that UHPLC‐QTOF‐MS/MS method coupled with data filtering strategy was feasible and rational to identify the complex chemical constituents of Yinqiao powder, which would be conducive to discover the active ingredients of Yinqiao powder for the treatment of pneumonia and establish its quality standard.
Click Bioconjugation: Modifying Proteins Using Click‐Like Chemistry
Authors: Stump Bernhard 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBioconjugation deals with the chemical modification of proteins. The reactions used exploit either the intrinsic chemical reactivity of the biomolecule or introduce functionalities that can then be subsequently reacted without interfering with other functional groups of the biological entity. Perfectly selective, high yielding chemical transformations are needed that can be run in aqueous environment under mild pH conditions. Requirements that have an obvious overlap with the definition of click chemistry. This review shows a selection of successfully applied click‐type reactions in bioconjugation as well as some recent developments to broaden the chemical toolbox to meet the challenge of selective, bioorthogonal modification of biomolecules.
Advances in Designer DNA Nanorobots Enabling Programmable Functions
Authors: Wang Meixia , Li Xiaoxiao , He Fang , Li Juan , Wang Hong‐Hui , Nie Zhou 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe advent of DNA nanotechnology has paved the way for the development of nanoscale robotics capable of executing smart and sophisticated tasks in a programmed and automatic manner. The programmability and customizable functionality of designer DNA nanorobots interfacing with biology would offer great potential for basic and applied research in the interdisciplinary fields of chemistry, biology, and medicine. This review aims to summarize the latest progress in designer DNA nanorobotics enabling programmable functions. We first describe the state‐of‐art engineering principles and the functional modules used in the rational design of a dynamic DNA nanorobot. Subsequently, we summarize the distinct types of DNA nanorobots performing sensing tasks, sensing‐and‐actuation, or continuous actuation, highlighting the versatility of designer DNA nanorobots in accurate biosensing, targeted drug delivery, and autonomous molecular operations to promote desired cellular behavior. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities in the development of functional DNA nanorobotics for biomedical applications. We envision that significant progress in DNA‐enabled nanorobotics with programmable functions will improve precision medicine in the future.
Iso‐osmolar versus low‐osmolar contrast media and outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention: Insights from the VA CART Program
Authors: Jovin Ion S. , Warsavage Theodore J. , Plomondon Mary E. , Grunwald Gary K. , Waldo Stephen W. , Rao Sunil V. , Brilakis Emmanouil S. , Azzalini Lorenzo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo assess whether contrast media type is associated with outcomes in veterans undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).BackgroundThere is uncertainty about the impact of iso‐osmolar contrast medium (IOCM) versus low‐osmolar contrast medium (LOCM) on acute kidney injury (AKI) and other major adverse renal or cardiovascular events (MARCE) after PCI. We assessed the association between contrast media type and MARCE in patients who underwent PCI within the Veterans Administration Healthcare System.MethodsWe reviewed PCIs performed between 2009 and 2019 using data from the Veterans Affairs Clinical Assessment, Reporting, and Tracking Program. The primary endpoint was MARCE, a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, all‐cause death, AKI, and dialysis onset at 30 days.ResultsThe analysis cohort consisted of 50,389 patients of whom 25,555 received LOCM and 24,834 received IOCM. There was significant variation in contrast type across sites. After adjustment for comorbidities, no significant association between contrast media type and MARCE was observed in both site—unadjusted (odds ratio [OR] for IOCM: 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.92–1.08; p = 0.97) and site‐adjusted (OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.95–1.18; p = 0.30) analyses. Similar results were obtained when contrast volume was imputed or the data was subset to individuals with available contrast volume.ConclusionIn a large cohort of veterans undergoing PCI, we found considerable site variation in the type of contrast media used but no significant association between contrast media type and the incidence of MARCE, both before and after adjustment for the site.
Preparation of Co3O4 Electrodes with Different Morphologies for the Investigation of Magnetic Response in Hybrid Capacitors
Authors: Liang Zhiwei , Tian Wensheng , Liu Yuan , Du Yuanzhen , Zhang Wenxin , Lin Lihua , Chen Mingming , Cao Dawei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe magnetic response of hybrid capacitors (HCs) has become an essential topic in practical applications and fundamental research, but because of the complicated contact surface between the electrode and electrolyte, identifying the effect of the morphologies of electrodes on the magnetic response remains challenging. Here, we prepared needle‐, weed‐ and net‐like Co3O4 as electrodes to investigate the morphology‐dependent HCs properties under a magnetic field (MF). The results showed that the capacity of the needle‐ and weed‐like electrode changes in a range of 5.8 % to −23.2 % and 12.8 % to −5.1 % at a scan rate from 5 to 100 mV/s with a 4000Gs magnetic field, while that of net‐like electrode changes from 45.3 % to 41.3 %. The different magnetic response is attributed to the effect of the morphology on electrolyte convection under an external magnetic field. This work favours understanding the magnetic dependence of HCs properties and pushes the practical application of HCs in magnetic environments.
Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of Polyaniline Nanostructures Using Vertically Aligned Mesochannels as Confinement
Authors: Li Yuping , Zhang Kai , Ma Jing , Liu Yufeng , Liang Xiaohong , Xuan Haicheng , Han Peide 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOne‐dimensional conducting polymer nanowire arrays have shown promising potential in applications of electrochemical supercapacitors, sensors, and more. Herein, vertically aligned mesoporous silica films (VMSF) with hexagonally packed mesochannels were generated on indium‐tin oxide (ITO) electrodes by an electrochemically‐assisted self‐assembly (EASA) method. The prepared VMSF/ITO electrode was then exploited as a hard template for electrochemical growth of well‐aligned polyaniline (PANI) nanofilaments within silica mesochannels, eventually forming a PANI/VMSF/ITO composite electrode. The electrochemical conditions of the PANI growth through the mesochannnels were investigated in detail, and the electrochemical capacitance was also tested. It is shown that the resulting nanofilaments separated through silica walls exhibit significantly improved electrochemical performance, including better electrochemical reversibility and high specific capacitance (3.00 mF/cm2 at 20 μA/cm2), which is increased by about 152 % in comparison to PANI directly on an ITO (PANI/ITO) substrate. Such an improved electrochemical performance is mainly contributed to by enhanced charge transfer efficiency and improved electrochemical reaction kinetics resulting from the well‐aligned PANI nanostructure.
Electrochemically Assisted Cycloaddition of Carbon Dioxide to Styrene Oxide on Copper/Carbon Hybrid Electrodes: Active Species and Reaction Mechanism
Authors: Li Wenze , Qi Ke , Lu Xingyu , Qi Yujie , Zhang Jialong , Zhang Bingsen , Qi Wei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA novel electrochemically assisted cycloaddition process is proposed, in which highly efficient coupling of CO2 with styrene oxide (SO) can be achieved to form styrene carbonate (SC) as a high‐value‐added product. A series of Cu catalysts with different morphologies and chemical states were fabricated on carbon paper (CP) by using in‐situ electrodeposition, and the sample with nano‐dendrimer structure was found to exhibit a relatively high activity of 74.8 % SC yield with 92.7 % SO conversion under gentle reaction conditions, thus showing its potential for practical applications. The relatively high electrochemically active surface area and charge transfer ability of dendrimer‐like Cu benefited the electrochemical reaction. In particular, the Cu2+ species that were formed in situ during the reaction played a vital role in enhancing the activity and selectivity of the proposed Cu/CP hybrid catalyst. Cu2+ atoms served as active sites that can not only electrochemically activate CO2 but also facilitate the ring opening of SO. Mechanistic analysis suggested that the reaction followed electrochemical and liquid‐phase heterogeneous paths, which provide a new green and sustainable route for efficient utilization of CO2 resources for fine chemical electrosynthesis.
What Role Does the Incident Light Intensity Play in Photocatalytic Conversion of CO2: Attenuation or Intensification?
Authors: Zhu Zhonghui , Xuan Yimin , Liu Xianglei , Zhang Kai , Zhang Ying , Zhu Qibin , Wang Jin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractArtificial photoreduction of CO2 is vital for the sustainable development of human beings via solar energy storage in stable chemicals. This process involves intricate light‐matter interactions, but the role of incident light intensity in photocatalysis remains obscure. Herein, the influence of excitation intensity on charge kinetics and photocatalytic activity is investigated. Model photocatalysts include the pure graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) and g‐C3N4 loaded with noble/non‐noble‐metal cocatalysts (Ag, TiN, and CuO). It is found that the increase of light intensity does not always improve the electron utilization. Overly high excitation intensities cause charge carrier congestion and changes the recombination mechanism, which is called the light congestion effect. The electron transport channels can be established to mitigate the light‐induced effect via the addition of cocatalyst, leading to a nonlinear growth in the reaction rate with increasing light intensity. From experiments and simulations, it is found that the light intensity and active site density should be collectively optimized for increasing the energy conversion efficiency. This work elucidates the effect of light intensity on photocatalytic CO2 reduction and emphasizes the synergistic relationship of matching the light intensity and the photocatalyst category. The study provides guidance for the design of efficient photocatalysts and the operation of photocatalytic systems.
Analysis of senescence in gingival tissues and gingival fibroblast cultures
Authors: Furukawa Masae , Matsuda Kazunari , Aoki Yu , Yamada Mitsuyoshi , Wang Jingshu , Watanabe Maki , Kurosawa Mie , Shikama Yosuke , Matsushita Kenji 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine senescence‐associated changes in the gingival tissues of aged mice and gingival fibroblast cultures.Materials and MethodsThe production of senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐gal) and mRNA expression of p16, p21, interleukin (IL)‐1β, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) were evaluated in gingival tissues, gingival fibroblasts of 10‐ and 20‐month‐old C57BL/6NCrl mice, and multiple‐passaged and hydrogen peroxide‐stimulated human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Changes in molecular expression in HGF cultures due to senescent cell elimination by the senolytic drug ABT‐263 (Navitoclax) were analyzed.ResultsCompared to 10‐week‐old mice, the 20‐month‐old mice had higher numbers of M1 macrophages. The proportion of cells expressing SA‐β‐gal were also higher in 20‐ month‐old mice than in 10‐week‐old‐mice. Gingival fibroblasts in 20‐month‐old mice expressed less collagen 1a1, collagen 4a1, and collagen 4a2 mRNA than those in 10‐week‐old mice. Compared to control cells, H2O2 treated HGF cells expressed higher levels of SA‐β‐gal and p16, p21, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α. Furthermore, ABT‐263 suppressed HGF cell expression of cytokines after senescence induction.ConclusionsSenescence‐associated changes were observed in the gingival tissues of aged mice and HGF cultures. In addition, the potential of senolytic drugs to modify aging‐related changes in the gingiva was shown.
Grazing management effects on cover crop responses and cotton lint yield
Authors: Santos Erick R. S. , Dubeux José C. B. , Sollenberger Lynn E. , Mackowiak Cheryl L. , Wright David L. , Dilorenzo Nicolas , Siqueira Michelle C. B. , Garcia Carlos C. V. , D. Queiroz Luana M. , van Cleef Flavia O. S. , Garcia Liza , Jaramillo David M. , Ruiz‐Moreno Martin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGrazing cover crops can improve land‐use efficiency and diversification, making agricultural enterprises more resilient to market fluctuations. We investigated how grazing intensity affects cover crop forage responses and cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) lint yield. Cover crops were a rye (Secale cerealeL.)–oat (Avena sativaL.) mixture managed as follows: no grazing + 34 kg N ha–1(NG34), no grazing + 90 kg N ha–1(NG90), heavy grazing (HG), moderate grazing (MG), and light grazing (LG), compared with a no cover crop control. All grazed treatments received 90 kg N ha–1. Average postgrazing herbage mass (HM) for HG, MG, and LG was 520, 1,350, and 2,120 kg dry matter ha–1, respectively. Herbage accumulation (HA) rate was greater for LG than HG, with MG being intermediate. Forage crude protein (CP) and in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM) concentrations decreased as the season progressed and were usually greater for HG than MG and LG. Stubble residue before cover crop termination was greatest for NG34 and NG90 in 2018 and 2020, however, in 2019 NG90 had greater stubble residue before termination than NG34 (7540 vs. 6650 kg dry matter ha–1). Heavy grazing resulted in greater weed proportion (17 vs. 6.5%) and lesser soil cover (49 vs. 70%) than nongrazed cover crops. Cotton lint yield was low and unaffected by treatment, reaching a maximum of 520 kg ha–1in 2019. Although lint yield was not affected by cover crop fertilization or grazing during 3 yr, HG reduced soil cover and increased weed presence.
Identification of fetal liver stroma in spectral cytometry using the parameter autofluorescence
Authors: Peixoto Márcia Mesquita , Soares‐da‐Silva Francisca , Schmutz Sandrine , Mailhe Marie‐Pierre , Novault Sophie , Cumano Ana , Ait‐Mansour Cedric 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe fetal liver (FL) is the main hematopoietic organ during embryonic development. The FL is also the unique anatomical site where hematopoietic stem cells expand before colonizing the bone marrow, where they ensure life‐long blood cell production and become mostly resting. The identification of the different cell types that comprise the hematopoietic stroma in the FL is essential to understand the signals required for the expansion and differentiation of the hematopoietic stem cells. We used a panel of monoclonal antibodies to identify FL stromal cells in a 5‐laser equipped spectral flow cytometry (FCM) analyzer. The “Autofluorescence Finder” of SONY ID7000 software identified two distinct autofluorescence emission spectra. Using autofluorescence as a fluorescence parameter we could assign the two autofluorescent signals to three distinct cell types and identified surface markers that characterize these populations. We found that one autofluorescent population corresponds to hepatoblast‐like cells and cholangiocytes whereas the other expresses mesenchymal transcripts and was identified as stellate cells. Importantly, after birth, autofluorescence becomes the unique identifying property of hepatoblast‐like cells because mature cholangiocytes are no longer autofluorescent. These results show that autofluorescence used as a parameter in spectral FCM is a useful tool to identify new cell subsets that are difficult to analyze in conventional FCM.
Individual differences in song plasticity in response to social stimuli and singing position
Authors: Jablonszky Mónika , Canal David , Hegyi Gergely , Krenhardt Katalin , Laczi Miklós , Markó Gábor , Nagy Gergely , Rosivall Balázs , Szász Eszter , Zsebők Sándor , Garamszegi László Zsolt 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIndividual animals can react to the changes in their environment by exhibiting behaviors in an individual‐specific way leading to individual differences in phenotypic plasticity. However, the effect of multiple environmental factors on multiple traits is rarely tested. Such a complex approach is necessary to assess the generality of plasticity and to understand how among‐individual differences in the ability to adapt to changing environments evolve. This study examined whether individuals adjust different song traits to varying environmental conditions in the collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis), a passerine with complex song. We also aimed to reveal among‐individual differences in behavioral responses by testing whether individual differences in plasticity were repeatable. The presence of general plasticity across traits and/or contexts was also tested. To assess plasticity, we documented (1) short‐scale temporal changes in song traits in different social contexts (after exposition to male stimulus, female stimulus or without stimuli), and (2) changes concerning the height from where the bird sang (singing position), used as a proxy of predation risk and acoustic transmission conditions. We found population‐level relationships between singing position and both song length (SL) and complexity, as well as social context‐dependent temporal changes in SL and maximum frequency (MF). We found among‐individual differences in plasticity of SL and MF along both the temporal and positional gradients. These among‐individual differences in plasticity were repeatable. Some of the plastic responses correlated across different song traits and environmental gradients. Overall, our results show that the plasticity of bird song (1) depends on the social context, (2) exists along different environmental gradients, and (3) there is evidence for trade‐offs between the responses of different traits to different environmental variables. Our results highlight the need to consider individual differences and to investigate multiple traits along multiple environmental axes when studying behavioral plasticity.
Design and simulation of cavity and piezoelectric material structure in segmented doubly clamped piezoelectric energy harvester
Authors: Saxena Shradha , Dwivedi Rakesh Kumar , Khare Vijay 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn view of providing consistent power to remotely situated microelectronic devices, this paper proposes a full‐length cavity‐based novel segmented doubly clamped piezoelectric energy harvester (DCPEH). The paper starts with the analysis of different possible configurations of segmented DCPEH beam corresponding to single, double, and triple cavity systems involvement. It has been observed that for full‐length single cavity involvement, the segmented DCPEH beam is resonate at minimum value (70 Hz) of resonance frequency. However, the observed value of output power response (76 mW) at such low resonant frequency is not so appropriate. Therefore, the performance of full‐length cavity‐based segmented DCPEH beam has been further investigated for series and parallel composite structural design of PMN‐35%PT (M1) and PZT‐5H (M2) piezoelectric materials. The improved value of output power (313 mW) response at low (68.8 Hz) resonant frequency has been achieved with M2‐M1 series composite form of piezoelectric materials.
Performance analysis of 5G heterogeneous networks under the impact of aggregate interference over Nakagami‐m fading channels
Authors: Abidrabbu Areen M. , Al‐Mistarihi Mamoun F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHeterogeneous networks (HetNets), which consist of ultra‐dense femtocell networks underlaid by traditional homogenous macrocell networks, are a promising option for the exceedingly high data rate demands of upcoming 5G communications. The densely deployed femtocells in cochannel mode cause severe interference because of the short distances between cochannel cells, which is the main challenge for femtocell deployment in HetNets. The HetNets are modeled based on stochastic geometry, which is assumed to distribute the interfering nodes as a point process. Specifically, in this article, a homogeneous Poisson point process is used to model the random distribution of macrocell users and femtocell base stations. Based on the complementary cumulative distribution function of the received signal to interference ratio at the macrocell base stations and femtocells, closed‐form expressions are derived for the outage probability. Further, closed‐form expressions are derived for the network throughput and energy efficiency of femtocells. Finally, theoretical and simulation results are discussed for the derived expressions under different system parameters.