bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precise Metabolomics Reveals a Diversity of Aging‐Associated Metabolic Features
Authors: Tian He , Ni Zhen , Lam Sin Man , Jiang Wenxi , Li Fengjuan , Du Jie , Wang Yuan , Shui Guanghou 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMass spectrometry‐based metabolomics has emerged as a powerful technique for biomedical research, although technical issues with its analytical precision and structural characterization remain. Herein, a robust non‐targeted strategy for accurate quantitation and precise profiling of metabolomes is developed and applied to investigate plasma metabolic features associated with human aging. A comprehensive set of isotope‐labeled standards (ISs) covering major metabolic pathways is incorporated to quantify polar metabolites. Matching rules to select ISs for calibration follow a primary criterion of minimal coefficients of variations (COVs). If minimal COVs between specific ISs for a particular metabolite fall within 5% window, a further selection of ISs is conducted based on structural similarities and proximity in retention time. The introduction and refined selection of appropriate ISs for quantitation reduces the COVs of 480 identified metabolites in quality control samples from 14.3% to 9.8% and facilitates identification of additional metabolite. Finally, the precise metabolomics approach reveals perturbations in a diverse array of metabolic pathways across aging that principally implicate steroid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and purine metabolism, which allows the authors to draw correlates to the pathology of various age‐related diseases. These findings provide clues for the prevention and treatment of these age‐related diseases.
Predicting axial load capacity of CFST columns using machine learning
Authors: Faridmehr Iman , Nehdi Moncef L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOwing to their economic and structural advantages, concrete‐filled steel tubular (CFST) columns have been implemented in diverse structural applications, especially in high‐rise buildings, suspension bridges, and subway stations. However, there is no agreement between international standards regarding the ultimate compressive strength of CFST columns subjected to concentric axial force or combination of bending moment and axial force, especially for slender sections and high‐strength materials. Considering such limitations, a comprehensive dataset on rectangular and circular (built up and hot rolled) CFST sections with different slenderness ratios was collected. The compiled experimental results were compared with corresponding values calculated by pertinent design code provisions, including AISC 360‐16 and Eurocode 4. The accuracy of design codes in predicting the axial capacity of CFST sections under concentric and eccentric loading was assessed accordingly. The distribution of the experimental‐to‐predicted data confirmed that the prediction error was dependent on the slenderness ratio of columns. However, the effects of other parameters, including the mechanical properties of materials and eccentricity level on the model error, were negligible. In the second phase of the study, a surrogate Machine‐Learning (ML) model was developed to estimate the axial capacity of circular and rectangular CFST columns under centric or eccentric loading condition. The accuracy of the proposed ML predictive model was appraised using several statistical metrics. The novel informational model attained superior accuracy and could be used to simplify generative design in future computational intelligence structural design platforms.
Insights into the crystal structure and optical property for complexes of iminodiacetic‐terpyridine
Authors: Gu Shunxin , Yang Xinda , Jiang Qin , Luo Yuhui , Wang Daqi , Shi Pengfei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIATPY, a multidentate ligand with strong coordination ability was prepared by connecting iminodiacetic acid with phenylterpyridine, and its Ir(III), Zn(II) and Tb(III) complexes were synthesized in solution or by solvothermal method. The iminodiacetic group on IATPY will be substituted by solvent molecules under weakly basic condition. Coordination reactions will take place between Zn(II) and Tb(III) with IATPY under weakly acidic condition solvothermally. With the contribution from water molecules, a variety of intermolecular hydrogen bonds are formed that make IATPY parallelly arranged in crystals, resulted in intense π‐π stacking and induced its absorption and emission spectra obtained in solution dramatically different from that in solid state. With the participation of terpyridine moiety and carboxyl groups simultaneously, coordination polymers [Zn(IATPY)]n and [Tb2(IATPY)3]n were obtained when Zn(NO3)2 and Tb(CH3COO)3 reacted with IATPY. Intense π‐π stacking effects can be observed in the crystal structures of [Zn(IATPY)]n and [Tb2(IATPY)3]n, which influence their optical properties in solid state.
Synthesis and characterization of mixed ternary transition metal ferrite nanoparticles comprising cobalt, copper and binary cobalt–copper for high-performance supercapacitor applications
Authors: Al Kiey Sherief A. , Ramadan Rania , El-Masry Mai M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMetal ferrites have outstanding electrochemical characteristics owing to the numerous oxidation states of the metal ions, making them promising materials for addressing both sustainable energy conversion and storage and growing environmental issues. Therefore, three nanocrystallites transition metal ferrites, CoFe2O4, CuFe2O4and Co/CuFe2O4, were synthesized using citrate precursors and used as electrode materials for supercapacitor applications. Mixed transition metal ferrite nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) complemented with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy and thermal analysis (TGA). The findings illustrated the formation of a single-phase spinel ferrite as proved from XRD data. In addition, the particle shape and particle size obtained from TEM analysis revealed that the as-synthesised nanomaterial exhibited spherical shape with a size ranging from 30 to 50 nm. The result demonstrated that while using a three-electrode configuration, the electrochemical performance of the ferrite nanoparticles achieved a remarkable maximum specific capacitance of 893 Fg−1at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1. At a current density of 1 Ag−1, Co–Cu ferrite exhibited outstanding cycling stability for 3000 cycles with 90% capacity retention. Based on the aforementioned data, it can be considered that the remarkable electrochemical performance of the Co–Cu ferrite nanocomposites can be considered as promising materials to be used for supercapacitor electrodes.
Cure rate of infections is not an argument for spacer in two-stage revision arthroplasty of the hip
Authors: Adl Amini Dominik , Wu Chia H. , Perka Carsten , Bäcker Henrik C. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction
A devastating complication after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is chronic periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Most frequently spacers (Sp) with or without antibiotics are implanted in a two-stage procedure even though not always indicated due to unknown pathogen, femoral and acetabular defects or muscular insufficiency.

Materials and methods
A retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database was conducted, analyzing the treatment of 44 consecutive cases with chronic PJI undergoing two-stage revision using a Girdlestone situation (GS) in the interim period between 01/2015 and 12/2018. Diagnostics included intraoperative microbiological cultures, histological analysis, sonication of the initial implant, analysis of hip aspiration, as well as laboratory diagnostics and blood cultures. We analyzed the general and age-group-specific success rate of treatment using GS. Furthermore, we compared our data with the current literature on spacer implantation regarding common complications.

Results
In total, 21 female and 23 male patients at a mean age of 59.3 ± 9.6 years were included. Age groups were divided into young, mid-age, and elderly. In most patients, microbiology revealed Staphylococcus epidermidis in 39.1% of cases, following Staphylococcus lugdunensis and Staphylococcus aureus in 10.9% after THA explantation. For histology, Krenn and Morawietz type 2 (infectious type) was diagnosed in 40.9%, type 3 (infectious and abrade-induced type) in 25.0%. With GS, the total cure rate was 84.1% compared to 90.1% (range 61–100%) using Sp as described in the literature. Among age-groups, cure rate varied between 77.8 and 100%. Other complications, which only occurred in the mid-age and elderly group, included the necessity of transfusion in 31.1%, and in total, one periprosthetic fracture was identified (2.3%).

Conclusion
GS shows an acceptable cure rate at a minimum of 2 years when compared to the cure rate reported in the literature for Sp without major complications. For patients with increased risks for treatment failure using spacer, GS seems to be an alternative for chronic PJI when looking at the success rate of treatment.

Level of evidence
III, Retrospective trial.
Universal Slope Sets for Upward Planar Drawings
Authors: Bekos Michael A. , Di Giacomo Emilio , Didimo Walter , Liotta Giuseppe , Montecchiani Fabrizio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe study universal sets of slopes for computing upward planar drawings of planar st-graphs. We first consider a subfamily of planar st-graphs, called bitonic st-graphs. We prove that every set $$\mathcal {S}$$
S
of $$\varDelta $$
Δ
slopes containing the horizontal slope is universal for 1-bend upward planar drawings of bitonic st-graphs with maximum vertex degree $$\varDelta $$
Δ
, i.e., every such digraph admits a 1-bend upward planar drawing whose edge segments use only slopes in $$\mathcal {S}$$
S
. This result is worst-case optimal in terms of number of slopes, and, for a suitable choice of $$\mathcal {S}$$
S
, it gives rise to drawings with worst-case optimal angular resolution. We then prove that every such set $$\mathcal {S}$$
S
can be used to construct 2-bend upward planar drawings of n-vertex planar st-graphs with at most $$4n-9$$

4
n
-
9

bends in total.
Correction to: Equilibrium computation in resource allocation games
Authors: Harks Tobias , Tan-Timmermans Veerle 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis note contains a correction of Theorems 1 and 2 and the subroutine $$\textsc {Restore}$$

R

E
S
T
O
R
E

of the article Harks, T., Timmermans, V. Equilibrium computation in resource allocation games. Math. Program. (2021) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10107-020-01604-z, see [3]. The correction leads to slightly increased sensitivity bounds (by a factor n) but all main results of the original paper contained in the previous version remain qualitatively intact. In the following, we describe the corrected sensitivity results of Theorems 1 and 2 and prove correctness and running time of the changed subroutine $$\textsc {Restore}$$

R

E
S
T
O
R
E

. The full and corrected version including all changed bounds can be found at [2]. We thank Alex Skopalik who communicated to us that the proof of Theorem 1 is incorrect.
Two kinds of historical explanation in Evolutionary Biology
Authors: Kranke Nina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHistorical explanations in evolutionary biology are commonly characterized as narrative explanations. Examples include explanations of the evolution of particular traits and explanations of macroevolutionary transitions. In this paper I present two case studies of explanations in accounts of pathogen evolution and host-pathogen coevolution, respectively, and argue that one of them is captured well by established accounts of time-sequenced narrative explanation. The other one differs from narrative explanations in important respects, even though it shares some characteristics with them as it is also a population-level historical explanation. I thus argue that the second case represents a different kind of explanation that I call historical explanation of type phenomena. The main difference between the two kinds of explanation is the conceptualization of the explanandum phenomena as particulars or type phenomena, respectively. Narrative explanations explain particulars but also deal with generalization, regularities and type phenomena. Historical explanations of type phenomena, on the other hand, explain multiply realizable phenomena but also deal with particulars. The two kinds of explanation complement each other because they explain different aspects of evolution.
A Model of Quota Prices in a Multispecies Fishery with “Choke” Species and Discarding
Authors: Hatcher Aaron 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUsing a two-stage optimisation model, we simulate the determination of market-clearing quota lease prices in a multispecies fishery. Assuming fixed proportions technologies, we find that equilibrium quota prices are jointly determined. Price equilibria are sensitive to both the number of quota species and the heterogeneity of the fleet, with corner prices observed where there are a relatively large number of species. Where the fleet is very heterogeneous, quota prices fail to capture all rent as resource rent and inframarginal rents are earned by some vessels. If there is excess demand for quota (for example, as a result of the exhaustion of the quota for a “choke” species) bidding up of the quota price causes all other quota prices to fall. This can result in some vessels starting to earn inframarginal rents even though they are discarding part of the catch. We also use the model to examine the impact of a “deemed value” charge for over-quota landings.
Evolution of koinobiont parasitoid host regulation and consequences for indirect plant defence
Authors: Cuny Maximilien A. C. , Poelman Erik H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTritrophic interactions among plants, herbivorous insects and their parasitoids have been well studied in the past four decades. Recently, a new angle has been uncovered: koinobiont parasitoids, that allow their host to keep feeding on the plant for a certain amount of time after parasitism, indirectly alter plant responses against herbivory via the many physiological changes induced in their herbivorous hosts. By affecting plant responses, parasitoids may indirectly affect the whole community of insects interacting with plants induced by parasitized herbivores and have extended effects on plant fitness. These important findings have renewed research interests on parasitoid manipulation of their host development. Parasitoids typically arrest their host development before the last instar, resulting in a lower final weight compared to unparasitized hosts. Yet, some parasitoids prolong their host development, leading to larger herbivores that consume more plant material than unparasitized ones. Furthermore, parasitoid host regulation is plastic and one parasitoid species may arrest or promote its host growth depending on the number of eggs laid, host developmental stage and species as well as environmental conditions. The consequences of plasticity in parasitoid host regulation for plant–insect interactions have received very little attention over the last two decades, particularly concerning parasitoids that promote their host growth. In this review, we first synthesize the mechanisms used by parasitoids to regulate host growth and food consumption. Then, we identify the evolutionary and environmental factors that influence the direction of parasitoid host regulation in terms of arrestment or promotion of host growth. In addition, we discuss the implication of different host regulation types for the parasitoid’s role as agent of plant indirect defence. Finally, we argue that the recent research interests about parasitoid plant-mediated interactions would strongly benefit from revival of research on the mechanisms, ecology and evolution of host regulation in parasitoids.
T and NK Cells in IL2RG-Deficient Patient 50 Years After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Melsen Janine E. , van Ostaijen-ten Dam Monique M. , van den Akker Erik B. , Welters Marij J. P. , Heezen Kim C. , Pico-Knijnenburg Ingrid , Kolijn P. Martijn , Bredius Robbert G. M. , van Doorn Remco , Langerak Anton W. , Schilham Marco W. , Lankester Arjan C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe first successful European hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was performed in 1968 as treatment in a newborn with IL2RG deficiency using an HLA-identical sibling donor. Because of declining naive T and natural killer (NK) cells, and persistent human papilloma virus (HPV)-induced warts, the patient received a peripheral stem cell boost at the age of 37 years. NK and T cells were assessed before and up to 14 years after the boost by flow cytometry. The boost induced renewed reconstitution of functional NK cells that were 14 years later enriched for CD56dimCD27+NK cells. T-cell phenotype and T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire were simultaneously analyzed by including TCR Vβ antibodies in the cytometry panel. Naive T-cell numbers with a diverse TCR Vβ repertoire were increased by the boost. Before and after the boost, clonal expansions with a homogeneous TIGIT and PD-1 phenotype were identified in the CD27−and/or CD28−memory population in the patient, but not in the donor. TRB sequencing was applied on sorted T-cell subsets from blood and on T cells from skin biopsies. Abundant circulating CD8 memory clonotypes with a chronic virus-associated CD57+KLRG1+CX3CR1+phenotype were also present in warts, but not in healthy skin of the patient, suggesting a link with HPV. In conclusion, we demonstrate in this IL2RG-deficient patient functional NK cells, a diverse and lasting naive T-cell compartment, supported by a stem cell boost, and an oligoclonal memory compartment half a century after HSCT.
Shocks in the Very Local Interstellar Medium
Authors: Mostafavi P. , Burlaga L. F. , Cairns I. H. , Fuselier S. A. , Fraternale F. , Gurnett D. A. , Kim T. K. , Kurth W. S. , Pogorelov N. V. , Provornikova E. , Richardson J. D. , Turner D. L. , Zank G. P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLarge-scale disturbances generated by the Sun’s dynamics first propagate through the heliosphere, influence the heliosphere’s outer boundaries, and then traverse and modify the very local interstellar medium (VLISM). The existence of shocks in the VLISM was initially suggested by Voyager observations of the 2-3 kHz radio emissions in the heliosphere. A couple of decades later, both Voyagers crossed the definitive edge of our heliosphere and became the first ever spacecraft to sample interstellar space. Since Voyager 1’s entrance into the VLISM, it sampled electron plasma oscillation events that indirectly measure the medium’s density, increasing as it moves further away from the heliopause. Some of the observed electron oscillation events in the VLISM were associated with the local heliospheric shock waves. The observed VLISM shocks were very different than heliospheric shocks. They were very weak and broad, and the usual dissipation via wave-particle interactions could not explain their structure. Estimates of the dissipation associated with the collisionality show that collisions can determine the VLISM shock structure. According to theory and models, the existence of a bow shock or wave in front of our heliosphere is still an open question as there are no direct observations yet. This paper reviews the outstanding observations recently made by the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft, and our current understanding of the properties of shocks/waves in the VLISM. We present some of the most exciting open questions related to the VLISM and shock waves that should be addressed in the future.
In Situ Observations of Interstellar Pickup Ions from 1 au to the Outer Heliosphere
Authors: Zirnstein E. J. , Möbius E. , Zhang M. , Bower J. , Elliott H. A. , McComas D. J. , Pogorelov N. V. , Swaczyna P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInterstellar pickup ions are an ubiquitous and thermodynamically important component of the solar wind plasma in the heliosphere. These PUIs are born from the ionization of the interstellar neutral gas, consisting of hydrogen, helium, and trace amounts of heavier elements, in the solar wind as the heliosphere moves through the local interstellar medium. As cold interstellar neutral atoms become ionized, they form an energetic ring beam distribution comoving with the solar wind. Subsequent scattering in pitch angle by intrinsic and self-generated turbulence and their advection with the radially expanding solar wind leads to the formation of a filled-shell PUI distribution, whose density and pressure relative to the thermal solar wind ions grows with distance from the Sun.This paper reviews the history of in situ measurements of interstellar PUIs in the heliosphere. Starting with the first detection in the 1980s, interstellar PUIs were identified by their highly nonthermal distribution with a cutoff at twice the solar wind speed. Measurements of the PUI distribution shell cutoff and the He focusing cone, a downwind region of increased density formed by the solar gravity, have helped characterize the properties of the interstellar gas from near-Earth vantage points. The preferential heating of interstellar PUIs compared to the core solar wind has become evident in the existence of suprathermal PUI tails, the nonadiabatic cooling index of the PUI distribution, and PUIs’ mediation of interplanetary shocks. Unlike the Voyager and Pioneer spacecraft, New Horizon’s Solar Wind Around Pluto (SWAP) instrument is taking the only direct measurements of interstellar PUIs in the outer heliosphere, currently out to $\sim47~\text{au}$
∼
47

au
from the Sun or halfway to the heliospheric termination shock.
Pandemiebedingte Belastungserfahrungen, Ressourcen und depressive Stimmungen von Studierenden am Ende des Online-Wintersemesters 2020/21
Authors: Förster Carina , Hawlitschek Anja , Hajji Rahim 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Studierende zählen weltweit zu einer vulnerablen Gruppe, welche überdurchschnittlich zu depressiven Störungen neigt. Empirische Untersuchungen zeigen auch, dass depressive Stimmungen unter Studierenden deutlich zugenommen haben, während der COVID-19-Pandemie („coronavirus disease 2019“).

Fragestellung
Das Ziel des Artikels ist zu untersuchen, ob die pandemiebedingten Belastungserfahrungen im Zusammenhang mit der depressiven Stimmung der Studierenden stehen. Darüber hinaus wird analysiert, ob Resilienz, Coping und soziale Unterstützung als Ressourcen mit den depressiven Stimmungen von Studierenden assoziiert sind. Dabei soll geklärt werden, welche Ressourcen den Zusammenhang zwischen den pandemiebedingten Belastungserfahrungen und der depressiven Stimmung von Studierenden als Mediatoren erklären können.

Methodik
Die Studie beruht auf einer Online-Befragung von Studierenden der Hochschule Magdeburg-Stendal zum Wintersemester 2020/2021. Insgesamt sind die Daten von 621 Studierenden ausgewertet worden. Zur Beantwortung der Fragestellung wurde eine Mediationsanalyse durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse
Die pandemiebedingten Belastungserfahrungen stehen in einem signifikanten Zusammenhang mit den depressiven Stimmungen von Studierenden. Die Resilienz stellt ebenfalls einen signifikanten Einflussfaktor zu den depressiven Stimmungen dar und mediiert partiell den Einfluss von den pandemiebedingten Belastungserfahrungen auf die depressive Stimmung von den Studierenden. Coping und soziale Unterstützung weisen keinen signifikanten Zusammenhang zu der depressiven Stimmung der Studierenden auf.

Schlussfolgerungen
Ansatzpunkte zur Reduzierung der depressiven Stimmung liegen in der Minderung der pandemiebedingten Belastungen und in der Stärkung der Resilienz der Studierenden.