bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discharge of Confirmed COVID-19 Patients Based on WHO or Regional
Criteria? A Cohort Study
Authors: Ahmadpour Sajjad , Vafaeimanesh Jamshid , Adeli Seyed-Hasan , Parham Mahmoud , Asghari Akram , Bagherzade Mohammad , Shajari Rasoul , Tabarraii Reihane , Shakeri Masoumeh , Jabbari Amir , Jafari Saeede , Habibi Mohammad Amin , Khodadai Javad , Shafiee Hamed , Eskandari Narges , Dameshghi Davoud Olad , Masoumi Maryam , Ghomi Seyed Yaser Foroghi , Ebrazeh Ali 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Increasing the number of COVID-19 patients raises concerns about the capacity of the health care system. This issue emphasizes reducing the admission rate and expediting patient discharge. Objective: This study aimed to develop a discharge protocol for COVID-19 patients based on the existing capacity of the healthcare system and to assess its post-discharge outcomes.

Methods:
This is a multicenter cohort study. All COVID-19 patients referred to selected medical centers in Qom, Iran, from Feb. 19 to Apr. 19, 2020, were target populations. Eligible patients were classified into a] the criterion group and b] the non-criterion group. Patients were followed up daily for 14 days after discharge by phone, and required data was gathered and recorded in follow-up form. Univariate [chi-square and t-tests] and multivariate multiple [multivariate probit regression] analysis were used.

Results:
Results: Totally, 2775 patients were included in the study [1440 people in the criterion group and 1335 people in the non-criterion group]. Based on multivariate probit regression, death was statistically associated with discharged outside our criteria [p<0.001], rising age [p<0.001], and being male [p=0.019], and readmission were associated with discharge outside our criteria [p<0.001], rising age [p=0.009], and having the history of underlying diseases [p=0.003]. Furthermore, remission had statistically significant associations with discharged based on our criteria [p<0.001], decreasing age [p=0.001], and lack of a history of underlying diseases [p<0.001].

Conclusion:
Conclusion: Mortality and readmission were significantly lower according to our discharge criteria. Our designed criteria apply to less developed and developing countries due to the limited capacity and resources available in the health care system.
Clinical and Endocrinological Responses to Different Exercise Training
Methods in Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Nambi Gopal , Basuodan Reem M. , Alwhaibi Reem M. , Ebrahim Elturabi Elsayed , Verma Anju , Syed Shahanawaz , Pakkir Mohamed Shahul Hameed , Aldhafian Osama R. , Nwihadh Naif A. , Saleh Ayman K. 
Published: November 2022

Aims and Background:
The knowledge about the effective implementation of different exercise training methods on clinical and endocrinological responses in soccer players with chronic low back pain (LBP) is lacking. Hence the study is proposed to find the effects of different exercise training methods on clinical and endocrinological responses in soccer players with chronic low back pain.

Methods:
Through the three-block randomization method, 60 chronic LBP participants were randomly divided into the isokinetic exercise group (IKE; n=20), ; n=20), and conventional exercise group (n=20). They received respective training for four weeks. Clinical (pain intensity & kinesiophobia) and endocrinological (glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, growth hormone, prolactin, ACTH, and cortisol) values were measured at baseline, after 4 weeks, and at 3 months follow up.

Results:
The baseline data between the groups showed no statistical difference (p ≥ 0.05). Four
weeks following training IKE group showed significant changes in pain intensity and
kinesiophobia than CSE and conventional training groups (p < 0.05). After 4 weeks of training, all
the serum hormone variables show significant changes between the groups (glucose; p = 0.049,
insulin; p = 0.005, HOMA-IR; p = 0.021, growth hormone; p = 0.006, prolactin; p = 0.001, ACTH;
p = 0.001 and cortisol; p = 0.001). At 3 months follow up, the values for Glucose and Insulin (p >
0.05) variables did not show any statistical changes, but the rest of the variables (p = 0.001) showed
significant differences. However, the maximum improvement was seen in the IKE group as
calculated by the post hoc Tukey-Kramer’s test.

Conclusion:
Our study suggested that strength training through isokinetic exercises improved pain, kinesiophobia status, and temporary changes in serum stress hormone levels than other training methods in soccer players with chronic low back pain.
Dielectric Properties and Phase Transitions of KNO3 Embedded in Porous
Aluminum Oxide
Authors: Stukova Elena Vladimirovna , Milinskii Alexey Yurievich , Baryshnikov Sergey Vasilevich 
Published: November 2022

Background:
The research of nanocomposites based on ferroelectrics has been recently stimulated
by the discovery of a number of their unique properties. These properties are of particular interest
from both fundamental and applied points of view

Objective:
This paper presents the results of comparative studies of the linear and nonlinear dielectric
properties of potassium nitrate embedded from the solution and from the melt into aluminum oxide films
with a pore diameter of 100 nm.

Methods:
An E7-25 impedance meter with a frequency range of 25 Hz – 1 MHz was used to investigate
the linear dielectric properties. The setup for researching nonlinear dielectric properties has a sinusoidal
oscillator with an operating frequency of 2 kHz.

Results:
The temperature dependences of the permittivity ε' and the third harmonic coefficient γ3ω were
measured in the heating and cooling mode. It was found that for a nanocomposite obtained from the solution,
the ferroelectric phase of KNO3 was formed only upon cooling in the temperature range 397 – 360
K. At the same time, when KNO3 was embedded into the Al2O3 film from the melt, the polar phase occurred
both upon heating and cooling in the temperature range of 300 – 432 K and 300 – 421 K, respectively.

Conclusion:
Thus, the conducted studies of the dielectric properties showed a significant difference in the
phase transition temperatures for the KNO3/Al2O3 nanocomposites obtained from the solution and from
the melt compared to the bulk sample. The phase transition shifts during heating had a different sign for
the nanocomposites obtained from the solution and from the melt. The temperature range of the existence
of the ferroelectric phase significantly depends on the method of embedding KNO3 into aluminum oxide
films. For the nanocomposite obtained from a solution, the polar phase is formed only upon cooling,
whereas when potassium nitrate is embedded from the melt, the polar phase is formed both upon heating
and cooling.
Optical Properties of Novel Materials for Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Mudila Harish , Kataria Shivani , Kumar Anil , Prasher Parteek 
Published: November 2022

Abstract:Energy generation and utilization have always been a prerequisite for human society, however, in the 21st century and after the pandemic of COVID-19 situations, the importance and demand for energy storage devices have been stretched to the next level. Smart energy storage devices are required to cover this indispensable demand so that the desired energy can judiciously be delivered whenever required. For this immense effort, a variety of materials, viz. carbonaceous materials, transition metal composites, conducting polymers, etc., are being employed by the scientific community, which are equipped with advanced performance, flexibility, tunability, portability, and cost-effectiveness. Apart from these specific features, these energy harvesting materials are associated with inherent properties such as high electrical and optical conductivity, which place them as a potential contender to be used in energy harvest and storage devices. These energy storage devices can be based on the electrochemical, electrical, and optical properties of these conductive materials. To be particular, in this review, the study is targeted at optically conductive materials. The optical conductivity of a material depends upon the band gap present in the conductive material under investigation, the lower the band gap, the higher the chance of optical conductivity. This band gap of the material depends upon factors such as the material used, dopant, solvent applied, etc. This review brings the detail of optically conductive materials, understanding the factors affecting the optical conductivity and the methods to enhancing it so that the variety of applications such as solar cells, optoelectronics, photoelectronic, etc., can be improved.
Evaluation of the Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, and Anticholinesterase Potential
of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles from Khaya grandifoliola
Authors: Akinyelu Jude , Aladetuyi Abiodun , Mbatha Londiwe Simphiwe , Oladimeji Olakunle 
Published: November 2022

Introduction:
In recent years, plant-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles has
evolved as a promising alternative to traditional synthesis methods. In addition to producing silver
nanoparticles with diverse biomedical potential, the biosynthesis approach is known to be inexpensive,
rapid, and environmentally friendly.

Objective:
This study was aimed at synthesizing silver nanoparticles using ethanolic stem and root
bark extracts of Khaya grandifoliola and highlighting the biomedical potential of the nanoparticles
by evaluating their antioxidant, antidiabetic and anticholinesterase effects in vitro.

Methods:
Silver nanoparticles were prepared using ethanolic stem and root bark extracts of K.
grandifoliola as precursors. The biogenic silver nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible
spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energydispersive
X-ray analysis. Furthermore, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, ferric
ion reducing antioxidant power, and nitric oxide scavenging assays were used to determine the
antioxidant property of the nanoparticles. The antidiabetic potential of the nanoparticles was determined
by evaluating their inhibitory effect on the activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The
anticholinesterase potential of the nanoparticles was determined by assessing their inhibitory effect
on the activity of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase.

Results:
UV-visible spectroscopy showed surface plasmon resonance bands between 425 and 450
nm. Scanning electron microscopy revealed almost round nanoparticles with a maximum size of
91 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy affirmed the role of the phytoconstituents present
in K. grandifoliola as reducing and stabilizing agents. The biogenic silver nanoparticles showed
remarkable antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticholinesterase effects.

Conclusion:
Biogenic silver nanoparticles could be useful in biomedical and pharmacological
applications.
Online Ethnography for People With Chronic Conditions: Scoping Review
Authors: Gao Yajing , Chen Xuemei , Zhang Wei , Wang Qiuyi , Liu Jing , Zhou Lanshou 
Published: November 2022

Background
Online ethnography has been making a unique contribution to people with chronic conditions as a complement to offline ethnography. It can also be used to study the complexities and contingencies of people with chronic conditions in the context of the internet. Therefore, there is a need to synthesize existing knowledge on research activities concerning online ethnography for people with chronic conditions.

Objective
This scoping review aimed to profile the existing evidence on the application of online ethnography for people with chronic conditions, focusing on the characteristics, contributions, and implementation process. This will provide recommendations for the future use of online ethnography.

Methods
We followed the scoping review methodologies developed by Arksey and O’ Malley and the Joanna Briggs Institute. A comprehensive search was conducted on the PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, and PsycInfo databases using preselected keywords. The search was limited to documents written in English and published between January 1, 2000, and February 1, 2022. After removal of duplicates, articles were screened by 2 independent reviewers reading the title, abstract, and full text. One reviewer extracted data, which were descriptively analyzed to map the existing knowledge.

Results
After 2836 titles and abstracts and 51 full texts were screened, 27 publications were included in the analysis, published between 2009 and 2022. Most studies were from the United States (11/27, 40.7%), and most articles collected data from online forums (10/27, 37.0%). Moreover, the most commonly used type of researcher involvement was passive analysis (24/27, 88.9%), and 18.5% (5/27) of the topics concerned people with mental illness. Notably, the majority of articles did not report the immersion process in detail (17/25, 63.0%). Ethical issues were mentioned in 88.9% (24/27) of the included articles.

Conclusions
We analyzed the current literature across fields and found that online ethnography can be exploited to explore the deeper experience of people with chronic conditions that are difficult to investigate using traditional ethnography. We found that there was diversity in researcher involvement, immersion process, data collection, and data analysis. However, most studies reported the insufficient immersion into the online environment. Researchers should determine the research approaches and data resources in order to complete culture immersion before researching. We also found that there was no uniform standard for ethical issues. Therefore, we recommend that researchers collect public and private data, obtain informed consent, and preserve the privacy and confidentiality of online users with chronic conditions. The findings can provide a practical reference for the use of online health care in studying chronic conditions.
Perkembangan Embrio dan Penentuan Jenis Kelamin DOC (Day-Old Chicken) Ayam Jawa Super
Authors: Kusumawati Asmarani , Febriany Rina , Hananti Shella , Dewi Mufti Sartika , Istiyawati Ninik 
Published: November 2022

Super Javanese chicken is the result of a cross breeding between male domestic chicken and female layer chicken. . There has not been much research aboutSuper Javanese chicken embryonic development. This study attempts to provide information about embryonic development and sexing on Super Javanese chicken. This study used Super Javanese chicken fertile eggs from Java Farm, Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman. These eggs were incubated at temperature of 37o-38oC. Samples were observed with Neutral Red and Hematoxilin Eosine (HE) staining. The measurement of the Super Javanese chicken embryo were about length of the third finger, beak, and the length of the embryo's body. This observation obtained embryonic development of the super Javanese chicken spesifically. This concluded that Super Javanese chicken as a first generation from cross breeding has slower growth in embryonic development
Deteksi Gen Penyandi Sifat Resistensi Metisilin, Penisilin dan Tetrasiklin pada Isolat Staphylococcus aureus Asal Susu Mastitis Subklinis Sapi Perah
Authors: Aziz Fatkhanuddin , Lestari Fajar Budi , Nuraidah Sarah , Purwati Endah , Salasia Siti Isrina Oktavia 
Published: November 2022

Detection of gene encoding resistance of bacteria could be used as an accurate method to determine resistance of Staphylococcus aureus which is causing mastitis in dairy cows to the several antibiotics. This research aimed to detect the gene encoding resistance of methicillin, penicillin and tetracycline from identified S. aureus. Sixty milk samples were collected from subclinical mastitis of cows from various dairy farming in Yogyakarta. Isolation and identification of S. aureus based on the culture, Gram staining and biochemical test. Phenotypes of S. aureus resistances against antibiotics were carried out by disc diffusion method, meanwhilespecies specific gene of S. aureus and the gene encoding methicillin, penicillin and tetracycline were confirmed by PCR method. The results showed 11 isolates representing of Methicillin Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) could be identified, wherein 5 isolates were harboring both of penicillin and tetracycline resistant genes respectively.
The Analysis of Amount and Various Age of Productive Female Bali Cattle that Slaughtered at Abbatoirs
Authors: Suardana I Wayan , Sukada I Made , Suada I Ketut , Widiasih Dyah Ayu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract Base on the ability for surviving at the limited vegetations, bali cattle is famous as a pioneer cattle. Although the fertility of Bali cattle has known so high (up to 80%), but the slaughter of productive female of bali cattle from year to year is so high too, so that the existance of Bali cattle in the future is threatened extinct. The accurate data indicating the amount of Bali cattle slaughtered at the abbatoirs are not available yet, exactly from the Pesanggaran and Mambal abbatoirs as the bigger abbatoirs in Bali. The study used 246 heads of Bali cattle originated from Pesanggaran, and 232 heads of Bali cattle originated from Mambal abbatoirs, respectively. The study indicated as many as 81,7%, and 87,5% of Bali cattle slaughtered at those abbatoirs were female. According to their ages, most of them were productive too, i.e. 99% at Pesanggaran, and 67,49% at Mambal abbatoirs, respectively. These result indicated it is needed a special attention from the Bali government exactly from the Animals Husbandry Officer in order to prevent the loss of Bali cattle populations in the future.
An Option-Based Approach to Measuring Disclosure Asymmetry
Authors: Smith Kevin C. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTIn this paper, I develop a measure of the difference in the amount of information that investors expect a forthcoming disclosure to contain should it reveal good news versus bad news (the disclosure’s “asymmetry”). To do so, I first show that this asymmetry is linked to the skewness of returns that the disclosure creates. I then show that this skewness can be measured using a weighted change in option-implied return skewness leading up to the disclosure’s release. The measure’s ability to capture investors’ prior beliefs regarding asymmetry is advantageous when studying ex ante decisions including contracting and information acquisition choices. I implement it on a sample of large firms’ quarterly earnings announcements, finding evidence that investors anticipate cross-sectional but not time-series variation in earnings’ asymmetry.
Can Shareholders Benefit from Consumer Protection Disclosure Mandates? Evidence from Data Breach Disclosure Laws
Authors: Ashraf Musaib , Sunder Jayanthi 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Data breach disclosure laws are state-level disclosure mandates intended to protect individuals from the consequences of identity theft. However, we argue that the laws help reduce shareholder risk by encouraging managers to take real actions to reduce firms’ exposure to cyber risk. Consistent with this argument, we find an on-average decrease in shareholder risk, proxied by cost of equity, after the staggered passage of these laws. We also find the effect is attenuated for firms that already took real actions to manage cyber risk before the laws. Further, after these laws, firms are more likely to increase cybersecurity investments and have a cybersecurity officer. Finally, we observe positive abnormal returns on key dates related to the passage of these laws. Our collective evidence suggests that consumer protection disclosure mandates can benefit shareholders and, specifically, that regulators can use disclosure mandates to incentivize managers to reduce firms’ exposure to cyber risk.
Data Availability: All data used in this study are publicly available.
JEL Classifications: G120; G340.
Optimal Frequency of Urinary Albumin Screening in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Perkins Bruce A. , Bebu Ionut , de Boer Ian H. , Molitch Mark , Zinman Bernard , Bantle John , Lorenzi Gayle M. , Nathan David M. , Lachin John M. 
Published: November 2022

OBJECTIVE
Kidney disease screening recommendations include annual urine testing for albuminuria after 5 years’ duration of type 1 diabetes. We aimed to determine a simple, risk factor–based screening schedule that optimizes early detection and testing frequency.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Urinary albumin excretion measurements from 1,343 participants in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial and its long-term follow-up were used to create piecewise-exponential incidence models assuming 6-month constant hazards. Likelihood of the onset of moderately or severely elevated albuminuria (confirmed albumin excretion rate AER ≥30 or ≥300 mg/24 h, respectively) and its risk factors were used to identify individualized screening schedules. Time with undetected albuminuria and number of tests were compared with annual screening.

RESULTS
The 3-year cumulative incidence of elevated albuminuria following normoalbuminuria at any time during the study was 3.2%, which was strongly associated with higher glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and AER. Personalized screening in 2 years for those with current AER ≤10 mg/24 h and HbA1c ≤8% (low risk [0.6% three-year cumulative incidence]), in 6 months for those with AER 21–30 mg/24 h or HbA1c ≥9% (high risk [8.9% three-year cumulative incidence]), and in 1 year for all others (average risk [2.4% three-year cumulative incidence]) was associated with 34.9% reduction in time with undetected albuminuria and 20.4% reduction in testing frequency as compared with annual screening. Stratification by categories of HbA1c or AER alone was associated with reductions of lesser magnitude.

CONCLUSIONS
A personalized alternative to annual screening in type 1 diabetes can substantially reduce both the time with undetected kidney disease and the frequency of urine testing.

Article Highlights
Kidney disease screening recommendations include annual urine testing for albuminuria after 5 years’ duration of type 1 diabetes. We investigated simple screening schedules that optimize early detection and testing frequency. Personalized screening in 2 years for those with current AER ≤10 mg/24 h and HbA1c ≤8%, in 6 months for those with AER 21–30 mg/24 h or HbA1c ≥9%, and in 1 year for all others yielded 34.9% reduction in time with undetected albuminuria and 20.4% fewer evaluations compared with annual screening. A personalized alternative to annual screening in type 1 diabetes can substantially reduce both the time with undetected kidney disease and the frequency of urine testing.