bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Socioeconomic Disparities and Predisposing Factors with Higher Prevalence of Hypertension related Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Males: a Malaysian Community-Based Study
Authors: Mat Jusoh Julia Ashazila , Rahman Thuhairah Abdul , Nasir Nafiza Mat , Danuri Norlaila , Majid Fadhlina Abdul , Basir Fashieha , Ahmad Pare Siti Norlela , Boon-Peng Hoh , Yusoff Khalid 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTLeft Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH) is a risk for various cardiovascular events among those with hypertension (HT). However the prevalence of hypertension-related LVH (HT LVH+) in communities with lower socioeconomic status (SES) is not adequately reported. This study investigated the prevalence of HT LVH+ among the urban and rural males and the attributing factors. A total of 1,923 males who had echocardiographic examinations done were recruited. Their blood pressure was measured to diagnose those with or without hypertension. Left ventricular mass index was determined. Univariate analysis was performed to identify associated factors predisposing to LVH. A total of 992 males had HT, of which 264 had LVH, and were more prevalent in older age groups and Malays (p<0.001). Individuals from rural areas, with low income and low educational background were associated with higher LVH prevalence (p<0.001). Those with moderate aortic regurgitation was 3.17-fold higher in LVH. Ninety-nine normotensives had LVH, 71.7% came from rural. Total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly higher in HT LVH+ from urban than the rural areas (p=0.029 and p=0.002, respectively). A quarter of the HT population in Malaysia develop LVH, majority of them were from rural, indicating that socioeconomic disparities contribute to the higher risk of HT LVH+. The rural populations may have attributed to different risk factors as opposed to those from urban, hence emphasize the need to deliver targeted strategies for prevention and management HT LVH+ by different SES.
Implementing an antibiogram profile to aid rational antimicrobial therapy and improving infection prevention in an urban hospital in The Gambia; strategies and lessons for low income and middle-income countries
Authors: Darboe Saffiatou , Mirasol Ruel , Adejuyigbe Babapelumi , Muhammad Abdul Khalie , Nadjm Behzad , de St Maurice Annabelle , Dogan Tiffany L. , Ceesay Buntung , Umukoro Solomon , Okomo Uduak , Nwakanma Davis , Roca Anna , Secka Ousman , Forrest Karen , Garner Omai B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundDiagnostic microbiological capabilities remain a challenge in low- and middle-income countries resulting in major gaps. The global antimicrobial resistance burden has necessitated use of appropriate prescribing to curb the menace. This study highlights the process used to develop an antibiogram to monitor resistance at a secondary-level health facility to aid empirical clinical decision making.MethodsThis retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study used 3 years of cumulative data at the Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia from January 2016 to December 2018. Phenotypic data was manually imputed into WHONET and the cumulative antibiogram constructed using standardised methodologies according to CLSI M39-A4 guidelines. Pathogens were identified by standard microbiological methods and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method according to CLSI M100 guidelines.ResultsA total of 14776 non-duplicate samples (blood cultures n=4382, urines n=4914, other miscellaneous swabs and aspirates n=2821 and n=390 respectively, sputa n=334, stools n=1463, CSF 353 and other samples n= 119) were processed of which 1163 (7.9%) were positive for clinically significant pathogens. Among the 1163 pathogens, E. coli (n= 315) S. aureus (n=232), and K. pneumoniae (n=96) were the leading cause of disease Overall, the susceptibility for E. coli and K. pneumoniae from all samples were: trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (17% and 28%), tetracycline (26% and 33%), gentamicin (72% and 46%), chloramphenicol (76 and 60%), and ciprofloxacin (69% and 59%), amoxicillin/clavulanic (77% and 54%) respectively. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase resistance was present in 23% (71/315) vs 35% (34/96) respectively. S. aureus susceptibility for methicillin was 99%.ConclusionThis antibiogram has confirmed susceptibility to commonly used antimicrobials was higher for E. coli than K. pneumoniae with high ESBL resistance warranting surveillance. An alternative aminoglycoside with better sensitivity such as amikacin might be relevant although this was not tested and that cloxacillin remains a drug of choice for the Staphylococci.
Environmental Exposure to Respirable Particles and Estimated Risk of Sarcoidosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wambui David , Obi Ogugua Ndili , Iverson Guy , O’Brien Kevin , Kearney Gregory 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionSarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease of unknown etiology that affects multiple organs in the body. In most cases, the affected organ is the lung. Sarcoidosis risk factors include environmental exposures, genetic predisposition, and immunological factors. The main objective of this review was to assess whether exposure to respirable particles is associated with increased risk of sarcoidosis.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted in scientific databases. Additional search of grey literature as well as handsearching of relevant records was performed. The search was restricted to studies published between January 1998 to October 2019. Meta-analysis was performed for studies that provided quantitative data.ResultsAfter applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, nine articles were included in the systematic review and four in the meta-analysis. Quantitative analysis suggested that people exposed to respirable particles were approximately three times more likely to develop sarcoidosis compared to people who are unexposed.Discussion and conclusionThis study collected and aggregated available evidence that assessed exposure to respirable particles and risk of developing sarcoidosis. Evidence of increased association between exposure to respirable particles and sarcoidosis was strongly suggested based on our qualitative review. More rigorous epidemiologic exposure studies are needed to generate data that would accurately determine the risk and causal pathways through which exposure to respirable particles could lead to the development of sarcoidosis.
fastman: A fast algorithm for visualizing GWAS results using Manhattan and Q-Q plots
Authors: Paria Soumya Subhra , Rahman Sarthok Rasique , Adhikari Kaustubh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVisualization of GWAS summary statistics, specifically P-values, as Manhattan plots is widespread in GWAS publications, and many popular software tools are available, such as the R package qqman. But there is substantial need for further development, such as the handling of non-human data. We provide a new R package, fastman, with major additional capabilities. It handles genomes of non-model organisms, even those at a draft stage, i.e. contigs that haven’t been compiled to chromosomes. Non-numeric chromosome IDs are supported. It supports plotting of other genetic scores, such as FST, D statistics, selection statistics such as PBS, or other kinds of GWAS statistics such as beta. Importantly, negative or two-tailed values are supported in this package. We implement a heuristic algorithm that drastically reduces plotting time for huge datasets without any loss of visual precision, while allowing for many different data types and missing data. We provide substantial additional flexibility in highlighting and annotation. In summary, we have developed a package fastman in R for fast and efficient visualization of GWAS results and other genomewide scores using Manhattan and Q-Q plots. The package can create plots directly from association outputs by PLINK. Alternatively, it can produce plots from any R data frame with custom columns and is equipped to handle big datasets with fast plot generation. It is available for public use on https://github.com/kaustubhad/fastman.
Examining relationships between religious and linguistic nationalism in a recent controversy surrounding the Sri Lankan national anthem
Authors: Gajasinghe Kasun , Jayakodi Priyanka 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the relationship between religious and linguistic nationalism in Sri Lanka in the context of the controversy on singing the national anthem in Tamil during National Independence Day celebrations. It illuminates how language and religious policy work together to maintain Sinhala–Buddhist hegemony and exclude Tamil speakers as second-class citizens in postcolonial Sri Lanka.

Design/methodology/approach
The examination of the anthem controversy includes language and religious policy documents, newspaper articles and YouTube videos.

Findings
The national anthem as a site of struggle is a powerful case to explore how nation-states’ actors mobilize affect, intertwining ideologies on language, religion, ethnicity, geography, and so on to maintain and reinforce dominance over minoritized groups. Therefore, the authors believe that (singing) the national anthem can be a site of study for language policy.

Research limitations/implications
The authors acknowledge that the data used in this study are only in Sinhala and English and identify the need for further research using data sources in Tamil.

Originality/value
While this paper generally contributes to the scholarly dialogues on religion and language, it also sheds light on understanding politics in Sri Lanka. Finally, the authors propose that any meaningful policy implementation efforts toward achieving linguistic justice in Sri Lanka need to include parallel policy changes that promote equality among religions.
A combined diagnostic approach based on serum biomarkers for sarcopenia in older patients with hip fracture
Authors: Yu Shengwu , Chen Li , Zhang Yining , Wu Peng , Wu Congcong , Lang Junzhe , Liu Yangbo , Yuan Jiandong , Jin Keke , Chen Lei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo develop prediction models for sarcopenia in older patients with hip fracture based on a specific set of serum biomarkers aimed at estimating appendicular skeletal muscle mass and diagnosing sarcopenia.MethodsOlder patients with hip fracture admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from January 2020 to June 2021 were recruited, screened for sarcopenia and tested for peripheral blood levels of specific serum biomarkers preoperatively. Participants were randomly divided into a training set and test set. Common factors were extracted from selected biomarkers through factor analysis, and regression models were established in the training set and verified in the test set.ResultsA total of 212 patients were enrolled, and the prevalence of sarcopenia was 22.8% in men and 19.5% in women. Significant differences in cystatin C, estimated glomerular filtration rate based on cystatin C, sarcopenia index, new sarcopenia index, haemoglobin and albumin were observed between patients with and without sarcopenia. Two regression models were developed in the training set. The validation of the test set confirmed that the linear regression model showed good consistency in predicting appendicular skeletal muscle mass index, while the logistic regression model showed high accuracy in predicting sarcopenia.ConclusionsBoth prediction models exhibited potential clinical application value for estimating appendicular skeletal muscle mass and predicting sarcopenia in older patients with hip fracture, providing new insights into the serological diagnosis of sarcopenia.
Characteristics, treatment and outcomes of 589 melanoma patients documented by 27 general practitioners on the Skin Cancer Audit Research Database
Authors: Hay Jeremy , Keir Jeff , Jimenez Balcells Clara , Rosendahl Nikita , Coetzer‐Botha Martelle , Wilson Tobias , Clark Simon , Baade Astrid , Becker Cath , Bookallil Luke , Clifopoulos Chris , Dicker Tony , Denby Martin Paul , Duthie Douglas , Elliott Charles , Fishburn Paul , Foley Mark , Franck Mark , Giam Irene , Gordillo Patricio , Lilleyman Alister , Macauley Roger , Maher James , McPhee Ewen , Reid Michael , Shirlaw Bob , Siggs Graeme , Spark Robert , Stretch John , van Den Heever Keith , van Rensburg Thinus , Watson Chris , Kittler Harald , Rosendahl Cliff 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveGeneral practitioners manage more melanomas than dermatologists or surgeons in Australia. Previously undescribed, the management and outcomes of melanoma patients treated by multiple Australasian general practitioners are examined.MethodsThe characteristics, management and outcomes of 589 melanoma patients, managed by 27 Australasian general practitioners and documented on the Skin Cancer Audit Research Database (SCARD), were analysed.ResultsMost patients (58.9%) were males with mean age at diagnosis of 62.7 years (range 18–96), and most melanomas were in situ or thin‐invasive. Patients aged under 40 years had fewer melanomas, but a higher proportion (the majority) were invasive, compared with older patients (P < 0.0001).Most (55.9%) melanomas were diagnosed following elliptical excision biopsy, the rate of unintended involved margins being eightfold higher for shave biopsies. Wide re‐excision was performed by the treating general practitioner for most (74.9%) melanomas, with thick melanomas preferentially referred to surgeons. The average Breslow thickness of invasive melanomas re‐excised by general practitioners was 0.67 mm compared with 1.99 mm for those referred to other specialists (P < 0.0001). Of 205 patients with invasive melanoma, 14 progressed to metastatic disease, 50% of these being associated with nodular melanoma. Nine patients progressed to melanoma‐specific death. The 5‐year survival rate for patients with invasive melanoma was 95.2% (95% CI: 91.2–98.5%).ConclusionsDiagnostic and therapeutic management of a series of melanoma patients by Australasian general practitioners were closely aligned with current guidelines and 5‐year survival with respect to invasive melanoma was at least as favourable as national population‐based metrics.
Phosphorylation of Yun is required for stem cell proliferation and tumorigenesis
Authors: Ren Xuejing , Zhao Hang , Shi Lin , Li Zhengran , Kong Ruiyan , Ma Rui , Jia Lemei , Lu Shan , Wang Jian‐Hua , Dong Meng‐qiu , Wang Yingchun , Li Zhouhua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStem cells maintain adult tissue homeostasis under physiological conditions. Uncontrolled stem cell proliferation will lead to tumorigenesis. How stem cell proliferation is precisely controlled is still not fully understood. Phosphorylation of Yun is essential for ISC proliferation. Yun is essential for the proliferation of normal and transformed intestinal stem cells. Our mass spectrometry and biochemical data suggest that Yun can be phosphorylated at multiple residues in vivo. Interestingly, we show that the phosphorylation among these residues is likely interdependent. Furthermore, phosphorylation of each residue in Yun is important for its function in ISC proliferation regulation. Thus, our study unveils the important role of post‐translational modification of Yun in stem cell proliferation.
Spatial and temporal predictions of whooping crane (Grus americana) habitat along the US Gulf Coast
Authors: Golden Katherine E. , Hemingway Benjamin L. , Frazier Amy E. , Scholtz Rheinhardt , Harrell Wade , Davis Craig A. , Fuhlendorf Samuel D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe challenge of conserving viable habitat while simultaneously predicting how land cover may geographically shift with future climate change has put pressure on ecologists and policy‐makers to develop near‐term (several years to a decade) ecological and geospatial predictions. This is particularly relevant for endangered species as ranges adjust to track a changing climate. The whooping crane is vulnerable to these changes, as the overwintering habitat of a small population is susceptible to climate impacts. This study mapped the historical spatial transformation of crane habitat in and around the Aransas National Wildlife Refuge. A time series of ecological niche models was developed to determine the biotic and abiotic factors correlated with crane presence and track how importance has changed over time. The results from the multitemporal models were used to predict areas along the US Gulf Coast where additional unoccupied habitat may be located for crane population expansion and model how the areas may degrade or change as sea levels rise through future climate change scenarios. Findings indicate that the percentage of emergent herbaceous wetland and water are the most important variables influencing crane presence. Sea level rise analysis indicates that potential habitat throughout the Texas–Louisiana Gulf Coast will be impacted considerably by climate change. The lack of large, continuous blocks of usable land cover could limit population expansion and future recovery efforts. However, the findings can help facilitate winter range expansion to accommodate the growing population by identifying additional areas to protect that could be used by the current wild population or experimental populations.
Telerehabilitation for physical disabilities and movement impairment: A service evaluation in South West England
Authors: Buckingham Sarah A. , Sein Kim , Anil Krithika , Demain Sara , Gunn Hilary , Jones Ray B. , Kent Bridie , Logan Angela , Marsden Jonathan , Playford E D. , Freeman Jenny 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRationale, Aims and ObjectivesTelerehabilitation was used to ensure continued provision of care during the COVID‐19 pandemic, but there was a lack of guidance on how to use it safely and effectively for people with physical disabilities and movement impairment. In this service evaluation, we aimed to collate information on practitioner and patient experiences, challenges and facilitators, and examples of best practice to inform the development of an online toolkit and training package.MethodsGuided discussions were carried out with 44 practitioners, 7 patients and 2 carers from five health and social care organisations in South West England, and analysed thematically.ResultsPractitioners and patients had positive experiences of telerehabilitation and were optimistic about its future use. Recognized benefits for people with physical disabilities included greater flexibility, reduced travel and fatigue, having appointments in a familiar environment and ease of involving family members. Challenges encountered were: technological (usability issues, access to technology and digital skills); difficulties seeing or hearing patients; the lack of ‘hands‐on’ care; and safety concerns. Facilitators were supported by colleagues or digital champions, and family members or carers who could assist patients during their appointments. Key themes in best practice were: person‐centred and tailored care; clear and open communication and observation and preparation and planning. Practitioners shared tips for remote physical assessments; for example, making use of patient‐reported outcomes, and asking patients to wear bright and contrasting coloured clothing to make it easier to see movement.ConclusionTelerehabilitation holds promise in health and social care, but it is necessary to share good practice to ensure it is safe, effective and accessible. We collated information and recommendations that informed the content of the Telerehab Toolkit (https://www.plymouth.ac.uk/research/telerehab), a practical resource for practitioners, patients and carers, with a focus on remote assessment and management of physical disabilities and movement impairment.
INSIDE OPPIDA TERRITORIES: THE LATE IRON AGE IN THE IBERIAN EASTERN MESETA (CENTRAL SPAIN)
Authors: Liceras‐Garrido Raquel 
Published: April 2022

SummarySince the beginning of Iron Age archaeology, urban agglomerations have dominated the debate on urbanism. The rural settlements – their types, functions and socio‐political dynamics – have been practically absent from the general discussion. The territorial backdrop of the Late Iron Age communities can provide both a new comparative framework in which to approach urban studies and essential keys to understanding how these societies worked. Developed from recent research into the oppida territories of the Eastern Meseta in central Spain, this paper presents a territorial overview that includes a characterization of the rural settlement, population figures and the role of urban centres as a proxy for territorial identities. This work also explores the network of relationships between oppida and between urban‐rural areas. In conclusion, this article argues that examining the rural‐urban settlement as a whole will lead us to a better understanding of the urban dynamics of the first millennium BC.
ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE ‘IN‐BETWEEN’ IN EARLY FOURTH MILLENNIUM SARDINIA
Authors: Webster Gary 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThe appearance on Sardinia during the first half of the fourth millennium of an unprecedented and extraordinary cult edifice in the form of a monumental temple mound – the Red Temple at Monte d'Accoddi – was paralleled across the island by an outpouring of anthropomorphic cult imagery expressed in sculpture, inscription, and reliefs – equally unprecedented and unmatched locally. Based on a deeper reading of Bhabha’s notion of ‘inbetweenness’ it is argued that the contemporary dispersion of diverse anthropomorphic cult gestures coalesced through varied media in what is suggestive of a state of iconographic – and by implication ideological/spiritual – uncertainty, contestation, and ambivalence consistent with a state of inbetweenness – as understood here in Bhabha's sense of a third‐space of relations.
Perioperative critical events and morbidity associated with anesthesia in early life: Subgroup analysis of United Kingdom participation in the NEonate and Children audiT of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe (NECTARINE) prospective multicenter observational study
Authors: Walker Suellen M. , Engelhardt Thomas , Ahmad Nargis , Dobby Nadine ,   UK Collaborators,   NECTARINE Group Steering Committee*
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe NEonate and Children audiT of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe (NECTARINE) prospective observational study reported critical events requiring intervention during 35.2% of 6542 anesthetic episodes in 5609 infants up to 60 weeks postmenstrual age. The United Kingdom (UK) was one of 31 participating countries.MethodsSubgroup analysis of UK NECTARINE cases (12.8% of cohort) to identify perioperative critical events that triggered medical interventions. Secondary aims were to describe UK practice, identify factors more commonly associated with critical events, and compare 30‐day morbidity and mortality between participating UK and nonUK centers.ResultsSeventeen UK centers recruited 722 patients (68.7% male, 36.1% born preterm, and 48.1% congenital anomalies) undergoing anesthesia for 876 surgical or diagnostic procedures at 25–60 weeks postmenstrual age. Repeat anesthesia/surgery was common: 17.6% patients prior to and 14.4% during the recruitment period. Perioperative critical events triggered interventions in 300/876 (34.3%) cases. Cardiovascular instability (16.9% of cases) and/or reduced oxygenation (11.4%) were more common in younger patients and those with co‐morbidities or requiring preoperative intensive support. A higher proportion of UK than nonUK cases were graded as ASA‐Physical Status scores >2 or requiring urgent or emergency procedures, and 39% required postoperative intensive care. Thirty‐day morbidity (complications in 17.2%) and mortality (8/715, 1.1%) did not differ from nonUK participants.ConclusionsPerioperative critical events and co‐morbidities are common in neonates and young infants. Thirty‐day morbidity and mortality data did not demonstrate national differences in outcome. Identifying factors associated with increased risk informs preoperative assessment, resource allocation, and discussions between clinicians and families.