bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-‘Omic Integration via Similarity Network Fusion to Detect Molecular Subtypes of Aging
Authors: Yang Mu , Matan-Lithwick Stuart , Wang Yanling , De Jager Philip L , Bennett David A , Felsky Daniel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundMolecular subtyping of brain tissue provides insights into the heterogeneity of common neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, existing subtyping studies have mostly focused on single data modalities and only those individuals with severe cognitive impairment. To address these gaps, we applied Similarity Network Fusion (SNF), a method capable of integrating multiple high-dimensional multi-’omic data modalities simultaneously, to an elderly sample spanning the full spectrum of cognitive aging trajectories.MethodsWe analyzed human frontal cortex brain samples characterized by five ‘omic modalities: bulk RNA sequencing (18,629 genes), DNA methylation (53,932 cpg sites), histone H3K9 acetylation (26,384 peaks), proteomics (7,737 proteins), and metabolomics (654 metabolites). SNF followed by spectral clustering was used for subtype detection, and subtype numbers were determined by eigen-gap and rotation cost statistics. Normalized Mutual Information (NMI) determined the relative contribution of each modality to the fused network. Subtypes were characterized by associations with 13 age-related neuropathologies and cognitive decline.ResultsFusion of all five data modalities (n=111) yielded two subtypes (nS1=53, nS2=58) which were nominally associated with diffuse amyloid plaques; however, this effect was not significant after correction for multiple testing. Histone acetylation (NMI=0.38), DNA methylation (NMI=0.18) and RNA abundance (NMI=0.15) contributed most strongly to this network. Secondary analysis integrating only these three modalities in a larger subsample (n=513) indicated support for both 3- and 5-subtype solutions, which had significant overlap, but showed varying degrees of internal stability and external validity. One subtype showed marked cognitive decline, which remained significant even after correcting for tests across both 3- and 5-subtype solutions (pBonf=5.9×10−3). Comparison to single-modality subtypes demonstrated that the three-modal subtypes were able to uniquely capture cognitive variability. Comprehensive sensitivity analyses explored influences of sample size and cluster number parameters.ConclusionWe identified highly integrative molecular subtypes of aging derived from multiple high dimensional, multi-’omic data modalities simultaneously. Fusing RNA abundance, DNA methylation, and H3K9 acetylation measures generated subtypes that were associated with cognitive decline. This work highlights the potential value and challenges of multi-’omic integration in unsupervised subtyping of postmortem brain.
Comparative Mucomic Analysis of Three Functionally DistinctCornu aspersumSecretions
Authors: Cerullo Antonio R. , McDermott Maxwell B. , Pepi Lauren E. , Liu Zhi-Lun , Barry Diariou , Zhang Sheng , Chen Xi , Azadi Parastoo , Holford Mande , Braunschweig Adam B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEvery animal secretes mucus, placing them among the most diverse biological materials. Mucus hydrogels are complex mixtures of water, ions, carbohydrates, and proteins. Uncertainty surrounding their composition and how interactions between components contribute to mucus function complicates efforts to exploit their properties. There is substantial interest in commercializing mucus from the garden snail,Cornu aspersum, for skincare, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and composite materials.C. asperumsecretes three mucus — one shielding the animal from environmental threats, one adhesive mucus from the pedal surface of the foot, and another pedal mucus that is lubricating. It remains a mystery how compositional differences account for their substantially different properties. Here, we characterize mucus proteins, glycosylation, ion content, and mechanical properties to understand structure-function relationships through an integrative “mucomics” approach. We identify new macromolecular components of these hydrogels, including a novel protein class termed Conserved Anterior Mollusk Proteins (CAMPs). Revealing differences betweenC. aspersummucus shows how considering structure at all levels can inform the design of mucus-inspired materials.
Repulsive interaction and secondary structure of highly charged proteins in regulating biomolecular condensation
Authors: Tan Cheng , Niitsu Ai , Sugita Yuji 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBiomolecular condensation is involved in various cellular processes both functional and dysfunctional. Regulation of the condensation is thus crucial to avoid pathological protein aggregation and to maintain stable cellular environments. Recently, a class of highly charged intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), which are called the heat-resistant obscure (Hero) proteins, are shown to protect other client proteins from pathological aggregation. Besides the potential importance of this function, molecular mechanisms for how Hero proteins can protect other proteins from aggregation are not still known. Here we perform multiscale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of Hero11, one of the Hero proteins, and the C-terminal region of TDP-43, as a target protein of Hero11, at various conditions to examine how they interact with each other. Based on the simulation results, three possible mechanisms have been proposed: (i) TDP-43 and Hero11 in dense phase reduces contacts with each other and shows faster diffusion due to the repulsive Hero11-Hero11 interactions, (ii) the amount of TDP-43 in dilute phase increases and their sizes become greater upon the attractive Hero11-TDP-43 interactions, and (iii) Hero-11 on the surface of small TDP-43 condensates avoids their fusions with the repulsive interactions. We also examine possible Hero-11 structures in atomistic and coarse-grained MD simulations and found disordered Hero-11 tend to assemble on the surface of the condensates, avoiding the droplet fusion effectively. The proposed mechanisms give us new insight into the regulation of biomolecular condensation in the cells and other conditions.
Clonal amplification-enhanced gene expression for cell-free directed evolution
Authors: Abil Zhanar , Restrepo Sierra Ana Maria , Danelon Christophe 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn cell-free gene expression, low input DNA concentration severely limits the phenotypic output, which may impair in vitro protein evolution efforts. We address this challenge by developing CADGE, a strategy that is based on clonal isothermal amplification of a linear gene-encoding dsDNA template by the minimal Φ29 replication machinery and in situ transcription-translation. We demonstrate the utility of CADGE in bulk and in clonal liposome microcompartments to boost up the phenotypic output of soluble and membrane-associated proteins, as well as to facilitate the recovery of encapsulated DNA. Moreover, we report that CADGE enables the enrichment of a DNA variant from a mock gene library either via a positive feedback loop-based selection or high-throughput screening. This new biological tool can be implemented for cell-free protein engineering and the construction of a synthetic cell.
Spatiotemporal neural dynamics of object recognition under uncertainty in humans
Authors: Wu Yuan-hao , Podvalny Ella , He Biyu J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhile there is a wealth of knowledge about core object recognition—our ability to recognize clear, high-contrast object images, how the brain accomplishes object recognition tasks under increased uncertainty remains poorly understood. We investigated the spatiotemporal neural dynamics underlying object recognition under increased uncertainty by combining MEG and 7 Tesla fMRI in humans during a threshold-level object recognition task. We observed an early, parallel rise of recognition-related signals across ventral visual and frontoparietal regions that preceded the emergence of category-related information. Recognition-related signals in ventral visual regions were best explained by a two-state representational format whereby brain activity bifurcated for recognized and unrecognized images. By contrast, recognition-related signals in frontoparietal regions exhibited a reduced representational space for recognized images, yet with sharper category information. These results provide a spatiotemporally resolved view of neural activity supporting object recognition under uncertainty, revealing a pattern distinct from that underlying core object recognition.
The professional identity of accountants – an empirical analysis of job advertisements
Authors: Ott Christian 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate to what extent the professional identity of accountants, as manifested in a set of advanced cognitive, emotional and social intelligence competencies relevant to their professional activities, varies with the respective accounting position.Design/methodology/approachThe systematically developed, formally clearly structured job advertisements for accounting positions provide content-rich representations of those holding the advertised position and thus contribute to revealing the professional identity. This study conducts a content analysis of 600 profiles of accountants presented in job advertisements of German organizations to identify the characteristic set of advanced cognitive, emotional and social intelligence competencies, juxtaposing different accounting positions at various stages of professional life. German organizations were targeted because they traditionally clearly differentiate between financial accounting and management accounting.FindingsThe job advertisements suggest that accountants develop a multifaceted professional identity reflecting their area of specialization and their level of entry. Financial accountants are more likely to be team-oriented than management accountants, and non-executive accountants are more likely than executive accountants. Analytical thinking seems to characterize management accountants rather than financial accountants. An independent way of working appears to be more pronounced among financial accountants than among management accountants.Originality/valueThis study refines the understanding of the professional identity of accountants by exploring the recruitment of accountants, the initial step of professional socialization. It identifies the most relevant advanced cognitive, emotional and social intelligence competencies based on a broad sample of job advertisements for accounting positions in organizations of different sizes and industries. By contrasting the competencies relevant to different positions and at different stages of their professional lives, it becomes evident that distinct professional identities of accountants coexist. The relevant competencies may be developed during higher education and continuing professional education. They may also be incorporated into individual performance evaluations and used as the basis for promotion decisions.
Consumption of edible flowers in South Africa: nutritional benefits, stakeholders' views, policy and practice implications
Authors: Pieterse Elaine , Millan Elena , Schönfeldt Hettie C. 
Published: November 2022

PurposeEdible flowers have traditionally been consumed for their nutritional and medicinal properties. Aponogeton distachyos is an aquatic flowering plant native to the Western Cape of South Africa (SA) that used to be a wild plant gathered during the winter months, but it is now considered to be underutilised and endangered. This study aims at gaining insights from different stakeholders into the activities across the plant value chain and their impact on the consumption of Aponogeton distachyos.Design/methodology/approachThe study methodology involved the identification of different stakeholders in the plant value chain and conducting qualitative in-depth interviews during the data collection. Twelve study participants were selected via purposive sampling and interviewed using semi-structured interviews (face-to-face, telephone and online).FindingsNostalgic connection of the flower with local culture and heritage and its unique taste and flavour are key consumption drivers. Promotional and educational efforts by food advocates and at public events help raise consumer awareness, which is generally lacking. Limited geographic and seasonal availability, perishability, price and quality issues emerged, together with low awareness, as main barriers to more frequent and geographically spread consumption.Originality/valueAlthough wild edible flowers have been consumed for centuries, there has been little attention to their nutritional value and journey to their final consumers. The present study identifies important challenges emanating at different stages of the food value chain to consumption of one particular neglected and underutilised plant, with certain implications for people's dietary quality, environmental sustainability and biodiversity of natural resources beyond Aponogeton distachyos and SA.Highlights(1)Aponogeton distachyos is a neglected and underutilised aquatic flowering plant native to the Western Cape of South Africa (SA). (2)The plant offers benefits related to people's dietary quality, environmental sustainability and biodiversity of natural resources. (3)Flower's nostalgic connection with local culture and heritage emerge as a key consumption driver. (4)Its unique taste and flavour highly appeal to consumers. (5)Low awareness, limited availability, price and quality are main consumption barriers. (6)There is largely unexploited public policy potential for supporting dietary diversity through growing edible flowers.
Value adding in venture capital as a mesh of practices
Authors: Almubarak Norah , Dimov Dimo 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThis paper aims to adopt a practice-theory, “site ontology” perspective to understand how venture capitalists (VCs) add value to their portfolio companies (PCs).Design/methodology/approachThe empirical research involves a field ethnographic study of a VC firm in Dubai, focused on revealing what constitutes value and what VCs do to add this value to their PCs.FindingsValue adding is a profoundly social, embedded process interconnected with other ecosystem actors, investment practices and organizations. The value adding threads of VC activity are part of a holistic configuration of practices that span the investment lifecycle and different levels within the firm.Originality/valueThis research contributes a rich account of the social, symbolic nature of VC activity, depicting the everyday activities that comprise value adding practices. It is among the first to introduce practice theory to the VC context and open up a new conversation about its social ontology.
Leading whole-class discussions: from participating in a lesson study to teaching practice
Authors: Gomes Paula , Quaresma Marisa , da Ponte João Pedro 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThis article aims to analyse how a teacher leads whole-class discussions during and after participating in lesson studies and to what extent that participation influences her teaching practice.Design/methodology/approachThis is a qualitative/interpretative research with a case study design, carried out with a secondary school mathematics teacher who participated in two lesson studies. Data were collected from participant observation, audio recording of lesson study (LS) sessions and discussions with the teacher, video recording of lessons and semi-structured interviews. Frameworks regarding the teachers' actions are used in the analysis.FindingsThe results suggest that in her teaching practice, the teacher led students to explain their strategies with supporting/guiding actions, but she also challenged the students to justify their productions, ensuring that the students' ideas were clear. Additionally, the teacher explored incorrect strategies and disagreements, inviting and challenging other students to intervene or react and involved students in drawing connections, as discussed in the LS. Therefore, the teacher put into practice several actions teachers can do in leading whole-class discussions to promote students' learning. Participating in LS was an opportunity to rethink her teaching practice, as the teacher pointed out, bringing her a new perspective on leading discussions in which students play an active role in learning mathematics, creating opportunities for the students to explain and react to their colleagues' ideas.Originality/valueThis article examines an under-researched issue: the influence of LS on the way a teacher leads whole-class discussions, during and after participating in lesson studies.
Vigour and exhaustion for employees working from home: the mediating role of need for structure satisfaction
Authors: Alok Swati , Kumar Navya , Banerjee Sudatta 
Published: November 2022

PurposeCOVID-19 placed millions of employees under work-from-home/telework. Employers intend extending telework for the long-term, anticipating business benefits. But the benefits are impacted by employees' well-being/ill-being, which is affected by the satisfaction of psychological needs. In turn, need satisfaction is influenced by employees' personal/job attributes. As work-from-home's blended environment disrupts routines, the satisfaction of the psychological need for structure or routines was examined in this study, along with the effect of personal/job attributes.Design/methodology/approachCross-section primary data were collected from 500 teleworking information technology employees from India and analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling. Vigour and exhaustion represented well-being and ill-being. Telework self-efficacy, standardised job, technology assistance and supervisor social support were the determinants or personal/job attributes. Need for structure satisfaction was the mediator.FindingsTelework self-efficacy, technology assistance and supervisor social support were positively associated with structure satisfaction. In turn, structure satisfaction was related positively with vigour and negatively with exhaustion, and thus mediated between personal/job attributes and vigour/exhaustion. Standardised job did not affect vigour, exhaustion or structure satisfaction.Originality/valueNeed for structure is mostly studied as a trait, with implications of greater/lesser preference for structure examined. However, this work acknowledges structure as a basic ubiquitous need. Everyone needs some structure. Hence, need for structure is researched from the novel perspective of its satisfaction. This paper also uniquely combines job demands–resources model which identifies personal/job attributes, with concepts of epistemic which posit the need for structure.
Islamic wealth management: ensuring the prosperity of Muslim households of MSMEs during Covid-19
Authors: Nurasyiah Aas , Syamputri Dhealika , Al Adawiyah Rumaisah Azizah , Mahri A. Jajang Warya , Ismail Abdul Ghafar 
Published: November 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to get an overview and determine the effect of the level of application of Islamic wealth management (IWM) and the level of business continuity of Muslim owners in influencing the level of household prosperity of Muslim micro, small and medium enterprise (MSME) owners during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach
The method of hypothesis testing is carried out through a quantitative approach. The type of analysis tool used is partial least square-structural equation modeling. The sample used is 212 Muslim MSME owners in Indonesia.

Findings
The results showed that the level of application of IWM, the level of business sustainability and the level of household prosperity of Muslim MSME owners were in the high category. All variables in this study showed positive and significant results.

Research limitations/implications
The research conducted is still limited to households that act as MSME actors, so the respondents who are in it are still not diverse. Also, limited research tools and pandemic conditions led to filling out questionnaires based on respondents’ subjective views and difficulty asking questions when questions were not understood.

Originality/value
This research provides new insights focusing on the relationship between the variable level of application of IWM in influencing the welfare level of Muslim households who have MSMEs, where there is a role for the level of business sustainability as a mediator variable.
An alternative approach to detect earnings management to meet or beat benchmarks
Authors: Degiannakis Stavros , Giannopoulos George , Ibrahim Salma , Jørgensen Bjørn N. 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThe authors propose an alternative robust technique to test for discontinuities in distributions and provide consistent evidence of discontinuities around zero for both scaled and unscaled earnings levels and changes. The advantage of the proposed test is that it does not rely on arbitrary choice of bin width choices.Design/methodology/approachTo evaluate the power of the test, the authors examine the density function of non-discretionary earnings and detect no evidence of discontinuities around zero in levels and changes of these non-discretionary earnings. As robustness, the authors use pre-managed earnings excluding accrual and real manipulation and find similar evidence.FindingsThe finding using our technique support the Burgstahler and Dichev (1997) interpretation on earnings management, even for smaller sample sizes and reject the theory that discontinuities arise from scaling and sampling methods.Originality/valueThe study provides an overview of those studies that support and those that oppose using “testing for discontinuities” as a way to examine earnings management. The authors advance the literature by providing an alternative methodology supporting the view that the kink in the distribution represents earnings management.
Seeds of demand-side legitimacy: when do existing companies procure from B2B startups?
Authors: Batra Safal , Gupta Vishal K. , Sharma Sunil , Yadav Rahul 
Published: November 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate potential lenders of legitimacy for business-to-business (B2B) startups as reflected in the willingness of potential customers to do business with startup firms. This study theorizes the role of familiarity with B2B startups, their founding teams and their product offerings in influencing perceptions about legitimacy among potential customers.

Design/methodology/approach
Data are collected from key decision-makers involved in B2B procurements in large Indian companies and analyzed using conjoint analysis.

Findings
Results suggest that familiarity with product/service offerings from B2B startups is the most salient factor in forming favorable assessments for the venture, followed by the awareness of the startups and their founding teams, in that order.

Practical implications
The research makes several contributions to understanding the legitimacy of B2B startups from the customers’ perspective. The study provides a nuanced view of the factors impinging on legitimacy. The conceptualization of legitimacy as a reflection of willingness to buy (in other words, willingness to do business with) provides a useful lens with which to study the interactions between B2B startups and potential customers.

Originality/value
The strong empirical support the study finds for the predicted relationships in an international context, specifically India, enhances theory development, providing a solid foundation for future knowledge generation around the demand side legitimacy concept.