bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Activities of Ethanolic Extracts of Jatropha tanjorensis Leaves in Conventional Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis in the Ankles of Wistar Rats
Authors: Ozoemena Chiadikobi Lawrence , Egwuatu Ifeanyi Anthony , Ojiakor Vivian Onyinye , Ozor Christian Chiemeka , Ozor Ignatius Ikemefuna , Akpa Anthony Okechukwu 
Published: August 2022

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common cause of chronic inflammatory joint disease. Plant extracts contain several bioactive factors which can re-establish the homeostasis of joints and joint cartilages.
Objectives: This study aim to evaluate the synergism of ethanolic extracts of Jatropha tanjorensis leaves with Ibuprofen and Sulfasalazine as an antirheumatic agent.
Methodology: 45 adult male Wistar rats were subjected to different types of treatment; A: Positive control, B: Low dose of extract only, C: Medium dose of extract only, D: High dose of extract only, E: Ibuprofen and Sulfasalazine only, F: Ibuprofen, Sulfasalazine and Low dose of extract, G: Ibuprofen, Sulfasalazine and Medium dose of extract, H: Ibuprofen, Sulfasalazine and High dose of extract, I: Normal control. Groups A-H were collagen-induced arthritic (CIA) models. One week before sacrifice, anterior-posterior and lateral diameters of both ankles, physical appearance and weight were assessed. After sacrifice, histological analysis of ankles using modified Mankin scoring system was done.
Results: Groups F-H exhibited significant results in direct proportion to the dosages of J. tanjorensis extract administered and the combination of drugs. Increased doses slowed down the progression of cartilage destruction evidenced by prevention of joint swellings and preservation of chondrocytes and its histological features, while treatement with different dosages of the extract only was found to be unremarkable.
Conclusion: The result indicate that the plant extract could enhance current treatment options of rheumatoid arthritis. The physical appearance, assessment of weight, anterior-posterior and lateral diameters, and histological examination of both ankles of the animal confirms the assumptions of Jatropha tanjorensis in management of rheumatoid arthritis.
Biocontrol Activity of Yeasts against Alternaria solani and Plant Growth Promotion of Tomato Plants
Authors: Ashiwini G. , Mallesha B. C. 
Published: August 2022

Aim: Yeasts have emerged as a single celled biocontrol agent which are applicable in controlling many disease causing pathogens in plants. These yeasts also have growth promoting substances that help in the growth and development of plants.
Materials and Methods: Yeast on tomato plants were isolated using standard plate count technique and observed under microscope for their cell shape and sizes. Biocontrol activity of yeast was evaluated by measuring diameter of zone of inhibition (mm) and estimating mycelial dry weights of pathogen. IAA production by yeasts was estimated in vitro and the plant growth and development was evaluated by measuring plant heights, number of leaves, number of days for flower initiation, shoot biomass, root mass, disease incidence and severity in pot culture experiments.
Results: Yeast isolate TPL-I isolated from tomato plants was most effective in inhibiting Alternaria solani with diameter of zone of inhibition of 9.00 mm. Reduced mycelial dry weight of pathogen viz., 40.07 mg was exhibited by TPL-I under in vitro conditions. The maximum concentration of IAA was produced by TPL- I (0.11 μg/ml). The highest plant height, number of leaflets and number of days taken for flower initiation was recorded highest in T4 (Trichoderma harzianum) followed by T7 (Foliar spray of Alternaria solani + TPL- I + Trichoderma harzianum) at 30, 45 and 60 days after transplanting. Maximum dry weight of shoot (12.32 g/plant) and root (5.18 g/plant) was recorded in T4 (Foliar spray of Trichoderma harzianum) whereas, minimum dry weight of shoot (8.26 g/plant) and root (2.80 g/plant) was recorded in T2 (Foliar spray of Alternaria solani). Lowest disease incidence (33.33%) and disease severity (24.25%) was recorded in T5 (Foliar spray of Alternaria solani + TPL- I).
Effects of Aqueous and Methanol Extracts of Cocos nucifera (Coconut) Milk on Testosterone Level and Testes of Male Albino Rats
Authors: Onyemelukwe Anulika Obianuju , Nweze Chidera Queen 
Published: August 2022

Aims: This study was designed to investigate the effect of aqueous and methanol extracts of Cocos nucifera (coconut) milk on the testosterone levels and testes of male albino wistar rats.
Study Design: A 15-day experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Animal House and Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, between May 2019-November 2019.
Methodology: Twenty five adult male albino rats were divided into five groups (I-V) of five rats each. Rats in group I received only water and standard feed throughout the experiment and served as control. Groups II and III received 163mg/kg and 326mg/kg of methanol extract of coconut milk (MECM) respectively, while group IV and V received 110mg/kg and 220mg/kg of aqueous extract of coconut milk (AECM) for two weeks. Upon completion of extract administration, the blood samples of the rats were obtained by a retro-orbital puncture of the median canthus for estimation of serum testosterone. The animals were sacrificed and the testes excised, weighed and fixed in 10% formal saline for 48hours prior to paraffin embedding for histological processing. Testes sections were processed and stained using the Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) technique for light microscopical examination.
Results: There was no significant difference in the relative testicular weight between the "control" and "treatment" groups following oral administration of MECM and AECM to rats. Similarly, there was no discernible variation in the testosterone levels between the "control" and "test" groups. Testicular histology showed normal seminiferous tubule with mild germinal epithelial sloughing, hence no increased spermatogenesis was observed in the experimental group.
Conclusion: Extracts of Cocos nucifera milk had no significant short term effects on the testicular weight and the testosterone level of male Albino rats. In addition, extracts of Cocos nucifera milk at these doses may cause mild morphological alterations in the testes of rats.
STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI PUBLIC RELATIONS DALAM MEMBANGUN BRAND AWARENESS PROGRAM INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Yanti Alice Vitri , Wijaya Lina Sinatra 
Published: August 2022

Program Internasional merupakan salah satu cara bagi kebanyakan universitas untuk meningkatkan citra universitas di masyarakat. Tetapi pada kenyataannya banyak mahasiswa tidak mengetahui tentang kegiatan kegiatan yang disajikan oleh biro yang menangani program internasional. Penelitian ini ingin melihat bagaimana public relations (PR) dari Biro Kerjasama dan Hubungan Internasional (BKHI) Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana (UKSW) dalam membangun brand awareness program internasional dengan menggunakan konsep PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Act) dan P.E.N.C.I.L.S (Publication, Event, News, Community Involvement, Inform or Image, Lobbying and Negotiation, Social Responsibility) strategy sebagai alat ukurnya. Teknik penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan metode penelitian studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara dan observasi serta mengumpulkan dokumentasi kegiatan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan strategi komunikasi public relations yang dilakukan adalah dengan menerapkan PDCA dan P.E.N.C.I.L.S strategi secara konsiten dan bertahap agar seluruh kegiatan yang direncanakan dan akan dilaksankaan dapat menghasilkan hasil yang maksimal pada program internasional di mahaiswa UKSW. Strategi yang dilakukan adala dengan publikasi secara rutin melalui berbagai media sosial serta melaksanakan social responsibility dengan melibatkan mahasiswa dari program pertukaran pelajar dari Taiwan dan Jepang untuk mengajar bahasa dan budaya mereka ke Sekolah Dasar (SD) di Salatiga. Dari penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa program internasional BKHI UKSW berada pada posisi brand recognition.
Inercias Y Transformaciones en las Relaciones Laborales del Uruguay
Authors: Pucci Francisco 
Published: August 2022

Este trabalho se propõe a analisar a evolução das relações de trabalho no Uruguai, no marco dos processos de reestruturação produtiva que começaram a ser desenvolvidos a partir da constituição de mercados regionais no Cone Sul. A hipótese que sustentamos é de que as transformações no mundo do trabalho produzidas no Uruguai não podem ser atribuídas unicamente à aplicação de um modelo econômico ou social específico de desenvolvimento, mas que estão inscritas em modificações estruturais de longo prazo, associadas a mudanças nas relações sociais produzidas em escala mundial. Contudo, a evolução concreta verificada nas relações de trabalho é explicada pelas características específicas dos processos de integração regional que se expressam na conformação do MERCOSUL. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: MERCOSUL, reestruturação, atores, negociação, trabalho. INERTIAS AND TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE LABOR RELATIONS OF URUGUAY IN THE CORNERSTONE OF THE PROCESSES OF REGIONAL INTEGRATION Francisco Pucci This work intends to analyze the evolution of the labor relations in Uruguay, at the cornerstone of the productive restructuring processes that began to be developed starting from the constitution of regional markets in the Southern Cone. The hypothesis we support is that the transformations in the world of labor ocurred in Uruguay cannot be attributed only to the application of an economical or social model specific to development, but are enrolled in long term structural modifications, associated to changes in the social relations ocurred worldwide. However, the concrete evolution verified in labor relations is explained by the specific characteristics of the processes of regional integration that are expressed in the conformation of MERCOSUL. KEYWORDS: MERCOSUL, restructuring, actors, negotiation, work. INERTIES ET TRANSFORMATIONS DANS LES RELATIONS DE LABEUR EN URUGUAY A L’OCCASION DES PROCESSUS D’INTEGRATION REGIONALE Francisco Pucci Cette étude se propose d’analyser l’évolution des relations de travail en Uruguay, à l’occasion des processus de restructuration productive qui ont commencé à se développer à partir de la constitution des marchés régionaux dans le Cône Sud. L’hypothèse que nous soutenons est que les transformations du monde du travail produites en Uruguay ne peuvent pas uniquement être attribuées à l’application d’un modèle économique ou social spécifique de développement mais qu’elles sont inscrites dans des modifications structurelles à long terme, associées à des changements dans les relations sociales produites à l’échelle mondiale. Cependant l’évolution concrète, que l’on a pu constater dans les relations de travail, s’explique par les caractéristiques spécifiques des processus d’intégration régionale mis en évidence par le MERCOSUD. MOTS-CLÉS: MERCOSUD, restructuration, acteurs, négociation, travail. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
IMPÉRIO E GOVERNO REPRESENTATIVO: uma releitura
Authors: Dolhnikoff Miriam 
Published: August 2022

Este artigo analisa o governo representativo no Brasil, no decorrer do século XIX, de modo a apontar como a monarquia constitucional brasileira não se afastou dos modelos de representação política então vigentes na Europa. Com esse objetivo, o artigo examina o Poder Moderador, os critérios de cidadania e a legislação eleitoral. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: governo representativo, monarquia constitucional, eleições, cidadania, poder moderador. EMPIRE OF REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT: rediscussion Miriam Dolhnikoff This paper analyzes the representative government in Brazil, in the closing of the XIX century, so as to show that the Brazilian constitutional monarchy did not stand apart of the models of political representation then effective in Europe. With that aim, the paper examines the Poder Moderador, the citizenship criteria and the electoral legislation. KEYWORDS: representative government, constitutional monarchy, elections, citizenship, poder moderator. L’EMPIRE DU GOUVERNEMENT REPRÉSENTATIF: une nouvelle lecture Miriam Dolhnikoff Cet article fait une analyse du gouvernement représentatif au Brésil, au XIXe siècle. Il essaie de montrer combien la monarchie constitutionnelle brésilienne ne s’est guère éloignée des modèles de représentation politique en vigueur, à l’époque, en Europe. C’est dans ce but qu’on y étudie le Pouvoir Modérateur, les critères de citoyenneté et la législation électorale. MOTS-CLÉS: gouvernement représentatif, monarchie constitutionnelle, élections, citoyenneté, pouvoir modérateur. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
Association of Chronic Disease With Patient Financial Outcomes Among Commercially Insured Adults
Authors: Becker Nora V. , Scott John W. , Moniz Michelle H. , Carlton Erin F. , Ayanian John Z. 
Published: August 2022

ImportanceThe bidirectional association between health and financial stability is increasingly recognized.ObjectiveTo describe the association between chronic disease burden and patients’ adverse financial outcomes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study analyzed insurance claims data from January 2019 to January 2021 linked to commercial credit data in January 2021 for adults 21 years and older enrolled in a commercial preferred provider organization in Michigan.ExposuresThirteen common chronic conditions (cancer, congestive heart failure, chronic kidney disease, dementia, depression and anxiety, diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, liver disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, serious mental illness, stroke, and substance use disorders).Main Outcomes and MeasuresAdjusted probability of having medical debt in collections, nonmedical debt in collections, any delinquent debt, a low credit score, or recent bankruptcy, adjusted for age group and sex. Secondary outcomes included the amount of medical, nonmedical, and total debt among individuals with nonzero debt.ResultsThe study population included 2 854 481 adults (38.4% male, 43.3% female, 12.9% unknown sex, and 5.4% missing sex), 61.4% with no chronic conditions, 17.7% with 1 chronic condition, 14.8% with 2 to 3 chronic conditions, 5.4% with 4 to 6 chronic conditions, and 0.7% with 7 to 13 chronic conditions. Among the cohort, 9.6% had medical debt in collections, 8.3% had nonmedical debt in collections, 16.3% had delinquent debt, 19.3% had a low credit score, and 0.6% had recent bankruptcy. Among individuals with 0 vs 7 to 13 chronic conditions, the predicted probabilities of having any medical debt in collections (7.6% vs 32%), any nonmedical debt in collections (7.2% vs 24%), any delinquent debt (14% vs 43%), a low credit score (17% vs 47%) or recent bankruptcy (0.4% vs 1.7%) were all considerably higher for individuals with more chronic conditions and increased with each added chronic condition. Among individuals with medical debt in collections, the estimated amount increased with the number of chronic conditions ($784 for individuals with 0 conditions vs $1252 for individuals with 7-13 conditions) (all P &amp;lt; .001). In secondary analyses, results showed significant variation in the likelihood and amount of medical debt in collections across specific chronic conditions.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study of commercially insured adults linked to patient credit report outcomes shows an association between increasing burden of chronic disease and adverse financial outcomes.
Grafting of Pd on Covalently and Noncovalently Modified N‐Doped Graphene for Electrocatalysis
Authors: Kumar Kandambath Padinjareveetil Akshay , Alduhaish Osamah , Adil Syed Farooq , Pumera Martin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is considered to be a fundamental solution for procuring clean energy. Palladium is one of the most catalytically active metals toward HER. Here, an electrocatalyst is designed where palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) are immobilized on the surface of nitrogen‐doped reduced graphene oxide. A comparative study of two different nitrogen doping strategies is employed wherein covalent incorporation of nitrogen (N) source and noncovalent attachment of 1‐aminopyrene to graphene lattice is carried out. The morphological and physicochemical characteristic studies confirmed that the doping is successful over the carbon lattice, followed by nucleation of Pd NPs over N sites. Electrocatalytic activity of these two different catalysts toward HER is examined using the linear sweep voltammetry technique. It is found that Pd anchored covalently N modified carbon outperforms the 1‐aminopyrene based catalyst. These findings will have a profound impact upon the designing of application specific electrocatalysts.
Synthesis of Cesium Copper Bromide Nanorods with Strong Linearly Polarized Emission
Authors: Ng Michael , Geng Pai , Shivarudraiah Sunil B. , Guo Liang , Halpert Jonathan E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSemiconductor nanorods have often been observed to emit polarized light. This property can be useful for emission applications such as displays, optical communications, and biological labeling. Recently, many researchers have tried to replace nanocrystals containing toxic metals, such as Cd or Pb, with alternatives that can also demonstrate polarized emission. Here a low temperature injection (LTI) method with a relatively short chain octylammonium bromide ligand precursor is used to slow down the nanorod formation reaction and the controlled anisotropic growth of Cs3Cu2Br5 nanorods is realized, producing more uniform samples of nanorods with higher aspect ratios than those previously reported. Such nanorods exhibit a very high degree of polarization (DOP) of 0.88 ± 0.04 for single rods, and a corresponding polarization anisotropy of 0.26 for the sample population, both the highest yet reported for any perovskite‐like material. Further this method can be extended to produce Cs3Cu2Cl5 nanorods as well, allowing for broad tuning of their optical properties.
Polymer Dispersed Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Mixtures for Optical Time–Temperature Integrators
Authors: Froyen Arne A. F. , Debije Michael G. , Schenning Albert P. H. J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLow molecular weight cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) can be trapped as droplets or particles inside a polymer binder, forming polymer dispersed cholesteric liquid crystal (PDCLC) systems, which are typically used for smart windows, displays, and optical sensors. While dispersing a single CLC mixture via emulsification, rendering reflective PDCLC films upon drying with a stable optical response, is well studied, the incorporation of distinct microdroplets inside a PDCLC coating is barely explored. Here, structural colored PDCLC coatings are prepared by mixing distinctive thermosensitive photonic microdroplets, featuring an optical time–temperature response that is visualized as a reflective color loss or shift dependent on the composition of the CLC mixtures. The presented optical time–temperature response is induced by diffusion of CLCs between adjacent liquid crystal domains via interconnecting passageways, causing an irreversible optical response until homogeneous mixing is attained. Hence, blending distinct CLC microdroplets in a polymer matrix provides a facile and scalable method for fabricating optical time–temperature integrators; moreover, alternative optical time–temperature responses can be realized when adjusting the composition of the photonic mixtures, demonstrating the potential of this method to acquire novel photonic applications based on low molecular weight CLCs.
Enhanced photoreactivity of MOFs by intercalating interlayer bands via simultaneous NCO and SCu modification
Authors: Hu Wei‐Fei , Chen Shuo , Hao Hong‐Chao , Jiang Hong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHerein, we propose a novel method to enhance the photoreactivity of an MOF catalyst by grafting isocyanate bonds (NCO) and sulfhydryl‐complexed copper (SCu) onto ZIF‐8 (NIF‐SCu). The grafting process intercalated interlayer bands between the conduction and valence bands of ZIF‐8, thereby providing a “ladder” for facile electron transition. The extreme improvement in the photoreactivity of NIF‐SCu could be attributed to the enhancement in light responses in the range of 350–450 nm by NCO groups and the widening of the visible light range of the MOF by SCu groups. The formation of staggered energy levels in NIF‐SCu could also narrow the band gap, lower the resistance, and facilitate the transfer of photogenerated carriers, thereby generating electrons with strong reduction potential in the SCu conduction band. This study provides a new strategy for improving or even endowing the photoactivity of environmental functional materials with wide bandgaps.
Taylor‐vortex membrane reactor for continuous gas‐liquid reactions
Authors: Venezia Baldassarre , Morris David C. , Gavriilidis Asterios 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA unique Taylor‐vortex membrane reactor (TVMR) design for continuous gas‐liquid reactions is presented in this work. The reactor consists of a cylindrical rotor inside a stationary concentric cylindrical vessel, and a flexible system of equispaced baffle rings surrounding the rotor. This restricts the annular cross section to a small gap between the baffles and the rotor, and divides the annulus into 18 mixing zones. The baffles support a 6 m long PFA tubular membrane that is woven around the rotor. At 4 mL/min inlet flow rate, the TVMR showed a plug‐flow behavior and outperformed the unbaffled reactor, having 5–12 times lower axial dispersion. The continuous aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol was performed for 7 h using the Pd(OAc)2/pyridine catalyst in toluene at 100 °C and 1.1 MPa oxygen pressure. A stable conversion of 30% was achieved with 85% benzaldehyde selectivity, and no pervaporation of organics into the gas phase.
Quantitative principle of shape‐selective catalysis for a rational screening of zeolites for methanol‐to‐hydrocarbons
Authors: Gao Mingbin , Li Hua , Yu Junyi , Ye Mao , Liu Zhongmin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe production of hydrocarbons for the synthesis of readily available energy and multifunctional materials is of great importance in modern society. Zeolites have proven to be a boon for the targeted regulation of specific hydrocarbon as shape‐selective catalyst in converting carbon resources. Yet our mechanistic understanding and quantitative description of shape‐selectivity of zeolite catalysis remains rather limited, which restricts the upgrade of zeolite catalysts. Herein, we proposed quantitative principle of shape‐selectivity for zeolite catalysis using methanol‐to‐hydrocarbons (MTH) as model. Combining with molecular simulations and infrared imaging, we unveil the competition of thermodynamic stability, preferential diffusion and favored secondary reactions between different hydrocarbons within zeolite framework are the essence of zeolite shape‐selective catalysis. Notably, we provide methodology to in silico search for the optimal combination of framework topology and acidity properties of zeolites with operating conditions that potentially outperform commercial MTH catalysts to achieve high selectivity of desired hydrocarbon products.