bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of conditional cash transfer programmes on antenatal care service uptake in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review
Authors: Jacobs Ward , Downey Laura Emily 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveAntenatal care (ANC) is crucial to protecting the health of pregnant women and their unborn children; however, the uptake of ANC among pregnant women in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) is suboptimal. One popular strategy to increase the uptake of health services, including ANC visits, are conditional cash transfer (CCT) programmes. CCT programmes require beneficiaries to comply with certain conditionalities in order to receive a financial sum. A systematic review was carried out to determine whether CCT programmes have a positive impact on ANC uptake in LMIC populations.MethodsElectronic databases CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, Maternity and Infant Care and Global Health were searched from database inception to 21 January 2022. Reference checking and grey literature searches were also applied. Eligible study designs were randomised controlled trials, controlled before-after studies and interrupted time series analysis. Risk of bias assessments were undertaken for each study by applying the Risk of Bias 2 tool and the Risk of Bias in Non-randomised Studies of Interventions tool.ResultsOut of 1534 screened articles, 18 publications were included for analysis. Eight studies reported statistically non-significant results on all reported outcomes. Seven studies demonstrated statistically significant positive effects ranging from 5.5% to 45% increase in ANC service uptake. A further three studies reported small but statistically significant impact of CCT on the use of ANC services in both positive (2.5% increase) and negative (3.7% decrease) directions. Subanalysis of results disaggregated by socioeconomic status (SES) indicated that ANC attendance may be more markedly improved by CCT programmes in low SES populations; however, results were inconclusive.ConclusionOur evidence synthesis presented here demonstrated a highly heterogeneous evidence base pertaining to the impact of CCTs on ANC attendance. More high-powered studies are required to elucidate the true impact of CCT programmes on ANC uptake, with particular focus on the barriers and enablers of such programmes in achieving intended outcomes.
Involving children and young people in paediatric research priority setting: a narrative review
Authors: Postma Laura , Luchtenberg Malou L , Verhagen A A Eduard , Maeckelberghe Els L 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is twofold: first, to describe the methods used when involving children and young people (CYP) in developing a paediatric research agenda and, second, to evaluate how the existing literature describes the impact of involving CYP. We distinguish three forms of impact: impact on the research agenda (focused impact), impact on researchers and CYP (diffuse impact) and impact on future research (research impact).DesignA narrative review of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Google Scholar was conducted from October 2016 to January 2022. The included studies involved at least one CYP in developing a research agenda and were published in English.Results22 studies were included; the CYP involved were aged between 6 years and 25 years. Little variation was found in the methods used to involve them. The methods used were James Lind Alliance (JLA) approach (n=16), focus groups (n=2), workshop (n=2), research prioritisation by affected communities (n=1) and combined methods (n=1). Impact was rarely described: focused impact in nine studies, diffuse impact in zero studies and research impact in three studies.ConclusionThis study concludes that the JLA approach is most frequently used to involve CYP and that all methods used to involve them are rarely evaluated. It also concludes that the reported impact of involving CYPs is incomplete. This study implies that to convince sceptical researchers of the benefits of involving CYPs and to justify the costs, more attention should be paid to reporting these impacts.
Electrocardiographic findings and prognostic values in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in the World Heart Federation Global Study
Authors: Pinto-Filho Marcelo Martins , Paixão Gabriela Miana , Gomes Paulo Rodrigues , Soares Carla P M , Singh Kavita , Rossi Valentina Alice , Thienemann Friedrich , Viljoen Charle , Mohan Bishav , Sarrafzadegan Nizal , Chowdhury Abdul Wadud , Ntusi Ntobeko , Deora Surender , Perel Pablo , Prabhakaran Dorairaj , Sliwa Karen , Ribeiro Antonio Luiz Pinho 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundCOVID-19 affects the cardiovascular system and ECG abnormalities may be associated with worse prognosis. We evaluated the prognostic value of ECG abnormalities in individuals with COVID-19.MethodsMulticentre cohort study with adults hospitalised with COVID-19 from 40 hospitals across 23 countries. Patients were followed-up from admission until 30 days. ECG were obtained at each participating site and coded according to the Minnesota coding criteria. The primary outcome was defined as death from any cause. Secondary outcomes were admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of ECG abnormalities with the outcomes.ResultsAmong 5313 participants, 2451 had at least one ECG and were included in this analysis. The mean age (SD) was 58.0 (16.1) years, 60.7% were male and 61.1% from lower-income to middle-income countries. The prevalence of major ECG abnormalities was 21.3% (n=521), 447 (18.2%) patients died, 196 (8.0%) had MACE and 1115 (45.5%) were admitted to an ICU. After adjustment, the presence of any major ECG abnormality was associated with a higher risk of death (OR 1.39; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.78) and cardiovascular events (OR 1.81; 95% CI 1.30 to 2.51). Sinus tachycardia (>120 bpm) with an increased risk of death (OR 3.86; 95% CI 1.97 to 7.48), MACE (OR 2.68; 95% CI 1.10 to 5.85) and ICU admission OR 1.99; 95% CI 1.03 to 4.00). Atrial fibrillation, bundle branch block, ischaemic abnormalities and prolonged QT interval did not relate to the outcomes.ConclusionMajor ECG abnormalities and a heart rate >120 bpm were prognostic markers in adults hospitalised with COVID-19.
Climate Change Liability, Negative Emissions and Biodiversity Restoration
Authors: Brans Edward 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article is about climate liability and the stimulation of negative emissions through nature restoration. Such a measure can contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, but can also lead to a restoration of biodiversity and of ecosystem services. In order to finance measures aimed at achieving natural negative emissions, the European Commission is considering introducing a system of carbon credits as part of the ‘Fit for 55’ program. This contribution investigates the advantages and disadvantages thereof and wonders about the nature and extent of the liability risks if, for example, nature is destroyed that is financed with carbon credits and which results in the release of stored co2. In that respect, attention is given to the Environmental Liability Directive. If the stimulation of natural negative emissions is also aimed at restoring biodiversity, in the event of a loss of nature, merely recouping the market price of a ‘carbon credit’ is insufficient to compensate the public for the damage done.
Subcutaneous Emphysema, Pneumothorax, Pneumomediastinum, and Pneumoperitoneum Following Synthetic Cannabinoid Toxicity in an Incarcerated Man
Authors: Gala Zachary , Kravchenko Timothy , Volk Lindsey , Chatani Praveen , Kar Reema , Choron Rachel L. 
Published: November 2022

Background Synthetic cannabinoids are a recreational drug that can cause toxicity with significant side effects. Case We report a 21-year-old incarcerated male with a delayed presentation of pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and pneumoperitoneum following synthetic cannabinoid use with altered mental status. Discussion This case not only highlights the need to consider pneumothorax when evaluating synthetic cannabinoid toxicity but it also emphasizes a vulnerable population (incarcerated individuals at risk for trauma, substance use disorders, and mental illness) who are at risk for delayed medical care and poor follow-up.
Recipes for Success: Lessons learned from the implementation of a food skills and nutrition education workshop with Gaelic athletic players on the Island of Ireland (IOI)
Authors: Lydon Roisin , McCloat Amanda , Mooney Elaine , Kelly-Blakeney Eileen 
Published: November 2022

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of a practical food skills and nutrition education workshop and investigate the attitudes towards, and knowledge of, nutrition among young amateur Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) players. Design and method: A quantitative study using a pre-/post-intervention study design assessed nutritional knowledge, food preparation skills, cooking skills confidence, attitudes towards nutrition, and future diet and food practices among GAA players ( n = 336) across the Island of Ireland who took part in a practical food skills and nutrition education workshop. Findings: The workshop was effective in improving culinary knowledge, skills and confidence. Post-session, in comparison with men, women were ‘definitely’ more confident in preparing the dish they cooked during the session ( p ⩽ .05) and in using a cooker to prepare a meal or snack ( p ⩽ .05). While nutrition knowledge improved for many participants, women knew ‘a lot’ more about the quantity of each type of food they needed to consume ( p = .013) and portion sizes ( p = .003). Most participants indicated that in the future, they were likely to try out other recipes (94%, n = 310), more likely to prepare a meal themselves (93%, n = 307) and make healthier food choices (92%, n = 304). Originality: Results indicate the benefits of an integrated nutrition education and food skills workshop in improving players’ knowledge of nutrition and increasing confidence in relation to food preparation and cooking. As gender differences were found across a range of key knowledge and confidence outcomes, future food and nutrition education programmes may need to be tailored to take account of this.
Agricultural Export, Growth and the Poor in Africa: A Meta Analysis
Authors: Adeabah David , Asongu Simplice 
Published: November 2022

Over the past decade, a growing number of studies have examined the role of agricultural export in economic growth in Africa. The literature, however, provides conflicting results about the agricultural export-led growth hypothesis. In this study, we aim to re-examine the impact of agricultural export on economic growth by performing a meta-analysis. There are two questions of interest, namely, (a) whether publication bias is present in the agricultural export-growth literature in Africa, and (b) if there is an overall effect of agricultural export on economic growth. Our meta-analysis finds significant negative publication bias in the literature. Moreover, after correction for publication bias, the results show that agricultural export leads to growth in low-income and lower middle-income African countries. These results are consistent with the agricultural export-led growth hypothesis. By this, we provide empirical basis that may enhance policy decisions on resource allocation to areas of comparative advantage. Additionally, the existence of an income differential effect on the agricultural export-led growth nexus implies that agricultural export-growth strategy has a pronounced effect on the poor in Africa. The result suggests that the poor in Africa could follow an agricultural growth strategy because it is a promising means to increase per capita wealth. JEL Codes: C10; C40; I30; N50; O55
The role of oral and pharyngeal motor exercises in post-stroke recovery: A scoping review
Authors: Marzouqah Reeman , Huynh Anna , Chen Joyce L , Boulos Mark I , Yunusova Yana 
Published: November 2022

Objective To analyze intervention goals, protocols, and outcome measures used for oral and pharyngeal motor exercises in post-stroke recovery. Data sources MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsychINFO, and Cochrane databases were searched in September 2022. Methods Studies were included if they (1) recruited post-stroke adult patients, (2) administered exercises for the oral and/ or pharyngeal muscles, and (3) reported results at baseline and post-exercise. The extracted data included intervention goals, protocols, and outcomes. All outcomes were classified according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Results A total of 26 studies were identified. Their intervention goals aimed to rehabilitate a broad spectrum of muscle groups within the oral cavity and pharynx and to improve the functions of swallowing, speech, facial expressions, or sleep breathing. Protocol duration ranged from 1 to 13 weeks, with various exercise repetitions (times per day) and frequency (days per week). Half of the studies reported using feedback to support the training, and these studies varied in the feedback strategy and technology tool. A total of 37 unique outcome measures were identified. Most measures represented the body functions and body structure component of the ICF, and several of these measures showed large treatment effects. Conclusions This review demonstrated inconsistency across published studies in intervention goals and exercise protocols. It has also identified current limitations and provided recommendations for the selection of outcome measures while advancing a multidisciplinary view of oral and pharyngeal exercises in post-stroke recovery across relevant functions.
Artificial intelligence assistance for women who had spot compression view: reducing recall rates for digital mammography
Authors: Lee Si Eun , Kim Ga Ram , Yoon Jung Hyun , Han Kyunghwa , Son Won Jeong , Shin Hye Jung , Moon Hee Jung 
Published: November 2022

Background Mammography yields inevitable recall for indeterminate findings that need to be confirmed with additional views. Purpose To explore whether the artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm for mammography can reduce false-positive recall in patients who undergo the spot compression view. Material and Methods From January to December 2017, 236 breasts from 225 women who underwent the spot compression view due to focal asymmetry, mass, or architectural distortion on standard digital mammography were included. Three readers who were blinded to the study purpose, patient information, previous mammograms, following spot compression views, and any clinical or pathologic reports retrospectively reviewed 236 standard mammograms and determined the necessity of patient recall and the probability of malignancy per breast, first without and then with AI assistance. The performances of AI and the readers were evaluated with the recall rate, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Results Among 236 examinations, 8 (3.4%) were cancers and 228 (96.6%) were benign. The recall rates of all three readers significantly decreased with AI assistance ( P < 0.05). The reader-averaged recall rates significantly decreased with AI assistance regardless of breast composition (fatty breasts: 32.7% to 24.1%m P = 0.002; dense breasts: 33.6% to 21.2%, P < 0.001). The reader-averaged AUC increased with AI assistance and was comparable to that of standalone AI (0.835 vs. 0.895; P = 0.234). The reader-averaged specificity (71.2% to 79.8%, P < 0.001) and accuracy (71.3% to 79.7%, P  < 0.001) significantly improved with AI assistance. Conclusion AI assistance significantly reduced false-positive recall without compromising cancer detection in women with focal asymmetry, mass, or architectural distortion on standard digital mammography regardless of mammographic breast density.
Functional performance of the Wondaleaf condom: A crossover, noninferiority, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Beksinska Mags , Mphili Nonhlanhla , Smit Jenni 
Published: November 2022

Background New female condom (FC) products wishing to apply for United Nations Population Fund/World Health Organisation (UNFPA/WHO) prequalification are required to conduct a randomized, controlled clinical investigation comparing the new FC to the marketed FC, in order to comply with UNFPA/WHO and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) specifications. We aimed to assess the functional performance, acceptability and safety of the Wondaleaf female condom compared to the control FC2 female condom. Methods This randomized clinical trial enrolled 220 women in one South African site. The primary outcome of the study was the rate of female condom (FC) failure. Participants were asked to use five of each FC type and to collect information on use in a condom diary at home, and were interviewed after use of each FC type. Results Noninferiority was demonstrated for the Wondaleaf with respect to the reference FC2 for all condom functions. The Wondaleaf was found to be superior to the FC2 reference condom for invagination ( p > .000), misdirection ( p > .000) and clinical failure ( p > .000). Acceptability ratings for a range of features were similar between the two FCs. Few safety events were reported for either device. Conclusion The Wondaleaf performs as well as the FC2, and is equally acceptable. Results from this study will inform further refinement of this FC design. Trial registrations: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04076774 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ . South African National Clinical Trials Database (SANCTR) number DOH-27-0319-6020
Preparation of exfoliated graphite nanoplates/thermoplastic polyurethane composites with enhanced dielectric properties
Authors: Lin Bo , He Fu-An , Feng Feng-Ru 
Published: November 2022

In this work, exfoliated graphite nanoplates (xGNPs)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites with enhanced dielectric constant and relatively low dielectric loss factor were prepared by an effective method involving solution blending and water precipitating. The wide-angle X-ray diffraction results proved that the xGNPs had been added into the TPU. Furthermore, the microstructure of the resultant xGNPs (2 wt.%)/TPU composite was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM images showed that there were many xGNPs in the TPU elastomer matrix. According to differential scanning calorimetry the melting peak temperature and the crystallization peak temperature of the xGNPs/TPU composites were lower than those of the pure TPU but the melting enthalpy and the crystallization enthalpy of the xGNPs/TPU composites were higher than those of the pure TPU. More importantly, the dielectric constant at 1000 Hz and the thermal conductivity of the xGNPs/TPU composites obviously increased in comparison with those of the pure TPU, especially when the xGNPs content was 2 wt.%.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Circulating Irisin Levels Following Endurance Training: Results of Continuous and Interval Training
Authors: Cosio Pedro L. , Pelaez Mireia , Cadefau Joan A. , Farran-Codina Andreu 
Published: November 2022

Background Irisin has been suggested as a helpful hormone for adverse metabolic conditions. However, the interaction between acute endurance exercises and irisin is still unclear. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the acute effect of endurance training, either continuous or interval training, on circulating irisin in healthy adults. Methods Literature search was conducted in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and CINAHL until September 2022. Clinical trials measuring irisin levels following a single session of interval or continuous endurance training in healthy adults were eligible. Cohen’s d effect size (95% confidence level), subgroup analyses and univariate meta-regression were calculated using a random-effects model. The procedures described by PRISMA were followed and the protocol was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD 42021240971). Results Data of the 16 included studies comprising 412 individuals showed a significant increase following one session of continuous endurance training (d = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.20 to 0.46 , p < 0.001), while interval training did not change circulating irisin (d = 0.16, 95% CI: −0.12 to 0.44 , p = 0.202). Both subgroup and univariate meta-regression analyses showed non-significant differences in the change of circulating irisin comparing blood measurement, exercise mode or previous level of physical activity of the participants and circulating irisin at baseline, duration, or intensity of the exercise, respectively. Conclusion Continuous method for endurance training increases circulating irisin in healthy adults, while studies measuring circulating irisin following interval training in healthy adults are still limited to be conclusive.
The role of artificial intelligence in analysis of biofluid markers for diagnosis and management of glaucoma: A systematic review
Authors: Pucchio Aidan , Krance Saffire , Pur Daiana R , Bassi Arshpreet , Miranda Rafael , Felfeli Tina 
Published: November 2022

Purpose This review focuses on utility of artificial intelligence (AI) in analysis of biofluid markers in glaucoma. We detail the accuracy and validity of AI in the exploration of biomarkers to provide insight into glaucoma pathogenesis. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted across five electronic databases including Embase, Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science. Studies pertaining to biofluid marker analysis using AI or bioinformatics in glaucoma were included. Identified studies were critically appraised and assessed for risk of bias using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools. Results A total of 10,258 studies were screened and 39 studies met the inclusion criteria, including 23 cross-sectional studies (59%), nine prospective cohort studies (23%), six retrospective cohort studies (15%), and one case-control study (3%). Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) was the most commonly studied subtype (55% of included studies). Twenty-four studies examined disease characteristics, 10 explored treatment decisions, and 5 provided diagnostic clarification. While studies examined at entire metabolomic or proteomic profiles to determine changes in POAG, there was heterogeneity in the data with over 175 unique, differentially expressed biomarkers reported. Discriminant analysis and artificial neural network predictive models displayed strong differentiating ability between glaucoma patients and controls, although these tools were untested in a clinical context. Conclusion The use of AI models could inform glaucoma diagnosis with high sensitivity and specificity. While insight into differentially expressed biomarkers is valuable in pathogenic exploration, no clear pathogenic mechanism in glaucoma has emerged.