bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local optimum underwater polarization imaging enhancement based on connected domain prior
Authors: Zhang Huajun , Zhou Ning , Meng Qingguo , Ren Mingyuan , Wang Hantao , Zhang Yu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Estimating the degree of polarization (DOP) of target signal light (

p

targ

) is a critical step in the underwater polarization differential imaging process. It is challenging to accurately estimate the

p

targ

of objects containing multiple attributes in the imaging range. Inspired by the optical polarization characteristics of objects with different DOP, we find a prior of connected domains (CDs) of objects in polarization orthogonal images. Based on this prior, the CDs of low-DOP (LDOP) and high-DOP (HDOP) objects are extracted from the darkest image (

I

min

) and brightest image (

I

max

) without additional image acquisition. The

p

targ

of LDOP and HDOP objects in the scene can be estimated through the extracted CDs, which realizes the transition from global optimum estimation in the traditional method to local optimum estimation. According to the estimated

p

targ

, the enhanced results of the entire image marked by

p

targ

can be obtained after fusing the enhanced results of the objects in each CD. Experimental results of simple and complex combination scenes of objects show that our method can recognize CDs of LDOP and HDOP objects. We obtained the enhanced results of the entire image, verified the feasibility and robustness of our method, and found that the CDs of LDOP and HDOP objects could be effectively extracted in up to

34.3

NTU of turbid water. The local optimum improves the application ability of underwater polarization imaging in unpredictable scenarios, while the enhanced result of target labeling has potential application value in underwater target recognition and classification.
Spectral analysis of localized surface phonon polaritons in resonant silicon carbide hollow cylinder array
Authors: Xia Weixiang , Zheng Gaige 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Manipulation of the amplitude and frequency of resonant optical surface waves in mid-infrared is of great interest for improvement of photonic devices and vibrational molecule sensing applications. Antennas supporting localized surface phonon polaritons (LSPhPs) fold the optical phonons into periodic pillar array to control the scattering process. Energy exchange, mode evolution and near-field coupling mechanism are investigated thoroughly, and it is demonstrated that the transverse dipole mode in the 6H-silicon carbide hollow cylinder array shows excellent absorption efficiency and tunable capability across a wide spectral range. Dependence of local field on structural parameters in the polarized sub-mode is explored to elucidate the optical properties. Near-field coupling is further evaluated by combining the values of current distribution with multipole decomposition. This study also provides a practical guide to establish a general framework for exploring the spectral tuning and coupling mechanisms of LSPhP modes.
Effect of the radiative property change of interference optical filter on the accuracy of a linear pyrometer
Authors: Ejigu Efrem Kebede 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The multilayer interference filter is an optical component of several optical devices. One such instrument is an infrared thermometer. In a radiation thermometer, optical filters are used to select a specific wavelength range of the radiation signal for detection. The interference filters change their multilayer structure due to variation in the surrounding temperature. There are instances where these variations are big enough to cause an error in temperature measurement. Determining and analysing the extent of this effect is crucial in a high accuracy calibration process. In this paper, we attempted to quantify the effect of temperature variation in the optical thickness of each layer of the interference filter and, subsequently, on its performance. The interference filter design model is modified to accommodate the temperature dependence by considering the therm-optic effect of each dielectric material, medium and substrate. The results showed how the temperature change effect (that was translated into temperature measurement error) could be minimised by optimising the layer thickness of carefully chosen materials with a minimised cumulative therm-optic coefficient effect.
Sample-constrained partial identification with application to selection bias
Authors: Tudball Matthew J , Hughes Rachael A , Tilling Kate , Bowden Jack , Zhao Qingyuan 
Published: July 2022

SummaryMany partial identification problems can be characterized by the optimal value of a function over a set where both the function and set need to be estimated by empirical data. Despite some progress for convex problems, statistical inference in this general setting remains to be developed. To address this, we derive an asymptotically valid confidence interval for the optimal value through an appropriate relaxation of the estimated set. We then apply this general result to the problem of selection bias in population-based cohort studies. We show that existing sensitivity analyses, which are often conservative and difficult to implement, can be formulated in our framework and made significantly more informative via auxiliary information on the population. We conduct a simulation study to evaluate the finite sample performance of our inference procedure, and conclude with a substantive motivating example on the causal effect of education on income in the highly selected UK Biobank cohort. We demonstrate that our method can produce informative bounds using plausible population-level auxiliary constraints. We implement this method in the $\texttt{R}$ package $\texttt{selectioninterval}$.
Causal links among amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration
Authors: Bilgel Murat , Wong Dean F , Moghekar Abhay R , Ferrucci Luigi , Resnick Susan M ,   the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Amyloid-β pathology is associated with greater tau pathology and facilitates tau propagation from the medial temporal lobe to the neocortex, where tau is closely associated with local neurodegeneration. The degree of the involvement of amyloid-β versus existing tau pathology in tau propagation and neurodegeneration has not been fully elucidated in human studies. Careful quantification of these effects can inform the development and timing of therapeutic interventions. We conducted causal mediation analyses to investigate the relative contributions of amyloid-β and existing tau to tau propagation and neurodegeneration in two longitudinal studies of individuals without dementia: the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (N = 103, age range 57–96) and the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (N = 122, age range 56–92). As proxies of neurodegeneration, we investigated cerebral blood flow, glucose metabolism, and regional volume. We first confirmed that amyloid-β moderates the association between tau in the entorhinal cortex and in the inferior temporal gyrus, a neocortical region exhibiting early tau pathology (amyloid group × entorhinal tau interaction term β  = 0.488, standard error [SE] = 0.126, P &lt; 0.001 in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging; β  = 0.619, SE = 0.145, P &lt; 0.001 in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative). In causal mediation analyses accounting for this facilitating effect of amyloid, amyloid positivity had a statistically significant direct effect on inferior temporal tau as well as an indirect effect via entorhinal tau (average direct effect =0.47, P &lt; 0.001 and average causal mediation effect =0.44, P = 0.0028 in Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging; average direct effect =0.43, P = 0.004 and average causal mediation effect =0.267, P = 0.0088 in Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative). Entorhinal tau mediated up to 48% of the total effect of amyloid on inferior temporal tau. Higher inferior temporal tau was associated with lower colocalized cerebral blood flow, glucose metabolism, and regional volume, whereas amyloid had only an indirect effect on these measures via tau, implying tau as the primary driver of neurodegeneration (amyloid–cerebral blood flow average causal mediation effect =−0.28, P = 0.021 in Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging; amyloid–volume average causal mediation effect =−0.24, P &lt; 0.001 in Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative). Our findings suggest targeting amyloid or medial temporal lobe tau might slow down neocortical spread of tau and subsequent neurodegeneration, but a combination therapy may yield better outcomes.
Assessment of high-gain quadratic boost converter with hybrid-based maximum power point tracking technique for solar photovoltaic systems
Authors: Veerabhadra  , Nagaraja Rao S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Solar photovoltaic (SPV) modules have a low output voltage and are load-dependent. Therefore, it is critical that the SPV system has an adequate DC–DC converter to regulate and improve the output voltage to get maximum output voltage. To meet load requirements, the voltage must be increased, necessitating the use of energy-efficient power electronic converters. The performance of an SPV system coupled to a high-gain quadratic boost converter (HG-QBC) with a load is investigated in this paper. The suggested HG-QBC for the SPV system at a lower value of duty ratio provides high voltage gain with a boost factor of four times. An analytical comparison is carried out with the various existing boost converters in terms of the components and the boost factor. The issue of locating the maximum power generation point from the SPV system is crucial. As a result, choosing an appropriate maximum power point tracker (MPPT)-based technique to obtain the peak power output of the SPV system under the rapidly varying atmospheric conditions is vital. To determine the highest output power of an SPV system, a hybrid-based MPPT with a neural network assisted by a perturb and observe (P&O) technique is proposed. For the HG-QBC, a comparison of the proposed MPPT with a traditional P&O-based MPPT is illustrated. The comparative analysis takes into account rise time, settling time and voltage ripples. The output voltage and power characteristics of the proposed model are analysed under constant and varying irradiation conditions using MATLAB®/Simulink®. The results of a hybrid-based MPPT show that the oscillations are minimum at the maximum power point with fewer ripples of 0.20% and a settling time of 1.2 s in comparison with the other two techniques.
An eye-opening case report of constrictive pericarditis
Authors: Dhont Sebastiaan , Van Belleghem Yves , De Zaeytijd Julie , Vandecasteele Els 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Constrictive pericarditis is characterized by the encasement of the heart by a stiff pericardium leading to impaired diastolic function, which ultimately leads to congestive heart failure.

Case summary
We report a case of a young woman, who first presented to the ophthalmologist with the sudden appearance of floaters and vision reduction. Eventually, invasive haemodynamic assessment led to the diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis leading to venous congestion.

Conclusion
Understanding the pathophysiology and integrating the results of invasive and non-invasive diagnostic work up is important in making this challenging diagnosis.
Testing the Drosophila maternal haploid gene for functional divergence and a role in hybrid incompatibility
Authors: Castillo Dean M , McCormick Benjamin , Kean Connor M , Natesan Sahana , Barbash Daniel A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Crosses between Drosophila simulans females and Drosophila melanogaster males produce viable F1 sons and poorly viable F1 daughters. Unlike most hybrid incompatibilities, this hybrid incompatibility violates Haldane’s rule, the observation that incompatibilities preferentially affect the heterogametic sex. Furthermore, it has a different genetic basis than hybrid lethality in the reciprocal cross, with the causal allele in Drosophila melanogaster being a large species-specific block of complex satellite DNA on its X chromosome known as the 359-bp satellite, rather than a protein-coding locus. The causal allele(s) in Drosophila simulans are unknown but likely involve maternally expressed genes or factors since the F1 females die during early embryogenesis. The maternal haploid (mh) gene is an intriguing candidate because it is expressed maternally and its protein product localizes to the 359-bp repeat. We found that this gene has diverged extensively between Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans. This observation led to the hypothesis that Drosophila melanogaster mh may have coevolved with the 359-bp repeat and that hybrid incompatibility thus results from the absence of a coevolved mh allele in Drosophila simulans. We tested for the functional divergence of mh by creating matched transformants of Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans orthologs in both Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans strains. Surprisingly, we find that Drosophila simulans mh fully complements the female sterile phenotype of Drosophila melanogaster mh mutations. Contrary to our hypothesis, we find no evidence that adding a Drosophila melanogaster mh gene to Drosophila simulans increases hybrid viability.
Turning coldspots into hotspots: targeted recruitment of axis protein Hop1 stimulates meiotic recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Shodhan Anura , Xaver Martin , Wheeler David , Lichten Michael 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The DNA double-strand breaks that initiate meiotic recombination are formed in the context of the meiotic chromosome axis, which in Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains a meiosis-specific cohesin isoform and the meiosis-specific proteins Hop1 and Red1. Hop1 and Red1 are important for double-strand break formation; double-strand break levels are reduced in their absence and their levels, which vary along the lengths of chromosomes, are positively correlated with double-strand break levels. How axis protein levels influence double-strand break formation and recombination remains unclear. To address this question, we developed a novel approach that uses a bacterial ParB-parS partition system to recruit axis proteins at high levels to inserts at recombination coldspots where Hop1 and Red1 levels are normally low. Recruiting Hop1 markedly increased double-strand breaks and homologous recombination at target loci, to levels equivalent to those observed at endogenous recombination hotspots. This local increase in double-strand breaks did not require Red1 or the meiosis-specific cohesin component Rec8, indicating that, of the axis proteins, Hop1 is sufficient to promote double-strand break formation. However, while most crossovers at endogenous recombination hotspots are formed by the meiosis-specific MutLγ resolvase, crossovers that formed at an insert locus were only modestly reduced in the absence of MutLγ, regardless of whether or not Hop1 was recruited to that locus. Thus, while local Hop1 levels determine local double-strand break levels, the recombination pathways that repair these breaks can be determined by other factors, raising the intriguing possibility that different recombination pathways operate in different parts of the genome.
Myelin and Physical Activity in Older Adults With Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Boa Sorte Silva Nárlon C , Dao Elizabeth , Liang Hsu Chun , Tam Roger C , Lam Kevin , Alkeridy Walid , Laule Cornelia , Vavasour Irene M , Stein Ryan G , Liu-Ambrose Teresa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundMyelin loss is a feature of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). Although physical activity levels may exert protective effects over cSVD pathology, its specific relationship with myelin content in people living with the cSVD is unknown. Thus, we investigated whether physical activity levels are associated with myelin in community-dwelling older adults with cSVD and mild cognitive impairment.MethodsCross-sectional data from 102 individuals with cSVD and mild cognitive impairment were analyzed (mean age [SD] = 74.7 years [5.5], 63.7% female). Myelin was measured using a magnetic resonance gradient and spin echo sequence. Physical activity was estimated using the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly. Hierarchical regression models adjusting for total intracranial volume, age, sex, body mass index, and education were conducted to determine the associations between myelin content and physical activity. Significant models were further adjusted for white matter hyperintensity volume.ResultsIn adjusted models, greater physical activity was linked to higher myelin content in the whole-brain white matter (R2change = .04, p = .048). Greater physical activity was also associated with myelin content in the sagittal stratum (R2change = .08, p = .004), anterior corona radiata (R2change = .04, p = .049), and genu of the corpus callosum (R2change = .05, p = .018). Adjusting for white matter hyperintensity volume did not change any of these associations.ConclusionsPhysical activity may be a strategy to maintain myelin in older adults with cSVD and mild cognitive impairment. Future randomized controlled trials of exercise are needed to determine whether exercise increases myelin content.
Retirement and Sexual Satisfaction
Authors: Henning Georg , Segel-Karpas Dikla , Praetorius Björk Marcus , Bjälkebring Pär , Berg Anne Ingeborg 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAlthough interest in sexuality in older age has increased over the last decades, few studies have focused on longitudinal change in sexual satisfaction around retirement age. In the present study, we studied change in sexual satisfaction across retirement in a sample of Swedish older adults with a partner.Research Design and MethodsOur analyses were based on n = 759 participants (359 male, 400 female) from the longitudinal Health, Aging, and Retirement Transitions in Sweden study. For this study, we used 5 waves spanning over a period of 4 years.ResultsOn average, sexual satisfaction did not change significantly before retirement, but decreased after retirement. Interestingly, women showed higher sexual satisfaction than men, as well as a more positive development of both pre- and postretirement sexual satisfaction. Individuals with higher relationship satisfaction had a higher sexual satisfaction until retirement, but their sexual satisfaction also decreased faster after retirement, whereas those with lower relationship satisfaction showed a stable but lower sexual satisfaction.Discussion and ImplicationsSexual satisfaction can change in the retirement transition in several important ways and further studies on the impact of retirement and other late-life stage transitions are warranted.
Functional pleiotropism, diversity, and redundancy of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge JAZ family proteins in jasmonate-induced tanshinone and phenolic acid biosynthesis
Authors: Ma Pengda , Pei Tianlin , Lv Bingbing , Wang Mei , Dong Juane , Liang Zongsuo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Jasmonate (JA) signaling regulates plant growth and development, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, and primary and secondary metabolism biosynthesis. It is extensively modulated by JA-ZIM-domain (JAZ) family genes. In previous work, we obtained nine SmJAZ genes of Salvia miltiorrhiza and proved that SmJAZ8 was the core repressor of JA-induced tanshinone and phenolic acid biosynthesis. Here, we demonstrate that SmJAZ3 and SmJAZ4 act as repressors of JA-induced biosynthesis of tanshinones and salvianolic acid B (Sal B). This suggests that SmJAZ3/4 are functionally redundant in tanshinone and Sal B biosynthesis. SmJAZ1/2/5/6/9 are activators of JA-induced tanshinone biosynthesis and repressors of JA-induced Sal B biosynthesis. This demonstrates the redundancy and diversity of SmJAZ1/2/5/6/9 functions. Besides, SmJAZ10 inhibited JA-induced Sal B synthesis, but had no effect on the synthesis of tanshinone. Two-hybrid screening (Y2H) showed that SmJAZs formed homologous or heterogeneous dimers. Y2H and firefly luciferase complementation imaging (LCI) assays revealed that SmJAZs also formed a complex regulatory network with SmMYC2a, SmMYC2b, SmMYB39, and SmPAP1. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) indicated that SmJAZs regulated each other at the transcriptional level. Herein, we prove that SmJAZs have functional pleiotropism, diversity, and redundancy in JA-induced tanshinone and phenolic acid biosynthesis. This study provides an important clue for further understanding the inherent biological significance and molecular mechanisms of the JAZ family as the gene number increases during plant evolution.
Aortopulmonary collaterals in single ventricle: incidence, associated factors and clinical significance
Authors: Schmiel Melvin , Kido Takashi , Georgiev Stanimir , Burri Melchior , Heinisch Paul Philipp , Vodiskar Janez , Strbad Martina , Ewert Peter , Hager Alfred , Hörer Jürgen , Ono Masamichi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Clinical significance of aortopulmonary collaterals (APCs) in patients with univentricular heart remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and associated factors for APCs and their influence during staged palliation.

METHODS
In total, 430 patients who underwent staged palliation by bidirectional Glenn shunt and total cavopulmonary connection between 2003 and 2019 were examined. APCs were determined by angiogram. Incidence and interventions for APCs were analysed.

RESULTS
The most frequent diagnosis was hypoplastic left heart syndrome in 146 (34%) patients. The median age at Glenn and Fontan was 4.9 months and 2.1 years, respectively. APCs were observed in 54 (13%) patients at Glenn and in 179 (42%) at Fontan. Closure of APCs was performed before Glenn in 12 (3%) patients, at Glenn in 13 (3%), after Glenn in 8 (2%), before Fontan in 44 (10%), at Fontan in 26 (6%) and after Fontan in 52 (12%). Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (P &lt; 0.01) was highly associated with the development of APCs before Glenn. Lower Nakata-Index and younger age at Glenn shunt were associated with the development of APCs at Fontan procedure. The presence of APCs or intervention for APCs before total cavopulmonary connection did not influence intensive care unit stay or mortality after total cavopulmonary connection.

CONCLUSIONS
APCs were most frequently observed before Fontan procedure. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome was highly associated with the development of APCs before Glenn shunt. Lower Nakata-Index and younger age at Glenn shunt were associated with APCs before Fontan procedure.
Explanted malignancies after lung transplantation: the University of Michigan experience
Authors: Mondoñedo Jarred R , Huang Tao , Lin Jules , Wakeam Elliot 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The management of patients with an explanted malignancy after lung transplantation is not well understood. We reviewed our institutional experience and outcomes at a single academic medical centre between December 1997 and April 2021 for patients with malignancies of all histologic types identified on explant pathology. Primary lung cancers were reclassified using the 8th Edition TNM staging and the 2021 World Health Organization histologic classification of lung cancers. Of the 733 patients undergoing lung transplantation, 15 (2.05%) were found to have malignancy on the explanted lungs, including 6 (0.82%) primary lung cancers. Four patients were found to have early-stage lung cancers, while 2 patients had advanced-stage IV disease. Survival ranged from 0 to 109 months for the entire cohort with median 23.2 [49.9] months in those with primary lung cancers. There were 2 recurrences following explanted stage I (15 months) and stage IV (53 months) diseases. Other explant pathologies included carcinoid tumourlets in 6 patients, lymphoma in 2 and metastatic leiomyosarcoma in 1. In conclusion, explanted lung malignancies are an infrequent but significant finding on explant pathology. Further data are needed to better characterize and stratify this patient cohort.