bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Lyme Disease in Chester County, Pennsylvania
Authors: Smith Gary , Wileyto E. Paul , Hopkins Robert B. , Cherry Bryan R. , Maher John P. 
Published: July 2002

Objective. To identify factors associated with increased or decreased risk of infection for Lyme disease in Chester County, Pennyslvania. Methods. The authors designed an unmatched case-control study involving 294 incident cases reported to the Chester County Health Department in 1998 and 449 controls selected by random digit dialing. All case and control participants were interviewed by telephone. Results. Age is a risk factor for Lyme disease for groups aged 10–19 years old and 50 years or older. Sex was not a risk factor. Incidence of Lyme disease in a rural setting was three times the incidence in an urban setting. Increased risk also was associated with living in single family homes, homes with yards or attached land, woods on the land, signs of tick hosts seen on the land, and homes within 100 feet of woodland. Gardening for more than four hours per week was also a risk factor, but most other outdoor activities were not. Twice as many participants took protective measures against tick bites before outdoor employment than those who merely ventured into the yard or land associated with the home. Only checking for ticks during outdoor activity and the use of repellents prior to outdoor activities outside the yard were unequivocally associated with a reduced risk of Lyme disease. Conclusions. It is important to increase public awareness about the risk of acquiring Lyme disease from ticks in the immediate environment of the home.
The role of a β‐bulge in the folding of the β‐hairpin structure in ubiquitin
Authors: Chen Pei‐Yeh , Gopalacushina B.G. , Yang Chien‐Chih , Chan Sunney I. , Evans Philip A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIt is known that the peptide corresponding to the N‐terminal β‐hairpin of ubiquitin, U(1–17), can populate the monomeric β‐hairpin conformation in aqueous solution. In this study, we show that the Gly‐10 that forms the bulge of the β‐turn in this hairpin is very important to the stability of the hairpin. The deletion of this residue to desG10(1–16) unfolds the structure of the peptide in water. Even under denaturing conditions, this bulge appears to be important in maintaining the residual structure of ubiquitin, which involves tertiary interactions within the sequence 1 to 34 in the denatured state. We surmise that this residual structure functions as one of the nucleation centers in the folding process and is important in stabilizing the transition state. In accordance with this idea, deleting Gly‐10 slows down the refolding and unfolding rate by about one half.
Influence of Glu‐376 → Gln mutation on enthalpy and heat capacity changes for the binding of slightly altered ligands to medium chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase
Authors: Peterson Karen M. , Gopalan K.V. , Nandy Andreas , Srivastava D.K. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe showed that the α‐CH2 → NH substitution in octanoyl‐CoA alters the ground and transition state energies for the binding of the CoA ligands to medium‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD), and such an effect is caused by a small electrostatic difference between the ligands. To ascertain the extent that the electrostatic contribution of the ligand structure and/or the enzyme site environment modulates the thermodynamics of the enzyme–ligand interaction, we undertook comparative microcalorimetric studies for the binding of 2‐azaoctanoyl‐CoA (α‐CH2 → NH substituted octanoyl‐CoA) and octenoyl‐CoA to the wild‐type and Glu‐376 → Gln mutant enzymes. The experimental data revealed that both enthalpy (ΔH°) and heat capacity changes (ΔCp°) for the binding of 2‐azaoctanoyl‐CoA (ΔH°298 = −21.7 ± 0.8 kcal/mole, ΔCp° = −0.627 ± 0.04 kcal/mole/K) to the wild‐type MCAD were more negative than those obtained for the binding of octenoyl‐CoA (ΔH°298 = −17.2 ± 1.6 kcal/mole, ΔCp° = −0.526 ± 0.03 kcal/mole/K). Of these, the decrease in the magnitude of ΔCp° for the binding of 2‐azaoctanoyl‐CoA (vis‐à‐vis octenoyl‐CoA) to the enzyme was unexpected, because the former ligand could be envisaged to be more polar than the latter. To our further surprise, the ligand‐dependent discrimination in the above parameters was completely abolished on Glu‐376 → Gln mutation of the enzyme. Both ΔH° and ΔCp° values for the binding of 2‐azaoctanoyl‐CoA (ΔH°298 = −13.3 ± 0.6 kcal/mole, ΔCp° = −0.511 ± 0.03 kcal/mole/K) to the E376Q mutant enzyme were found to be correspondingly identical to those obtained for the binding of octenoyl‐CoA (ΔH°298 = −13.2 ± 0.6 kcal/mole, ΔCp° = −0.520 ± 0.02 kcal/mole/K). However, in neither case could the experimentally determined ΔCp° values be predicted on the basis of the changes in the water accessible surface areas of the enzyme and ligand species. Arguments are presented that the origin of the above thermodynamic differences lies in solvent reorganization and water‐mediated electrostatic interaction between ligands and enzyme site groups, and such interactions are intrinsic to the molecular basis of the enzyme–ligand complementarity.
Inhibition of Sympathetic Activation by Delivering Calcium Channel Blockers from a 3D Printed Scaffold to Promote Bone Defect Repair
Authors: Li Shikai , Li Zhihui , Yang Jin , Ha Yujie , Zhou Xiaojun , He Chuanglong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEnhancing osteogenesis by promoting neural network reconstruction and neuropeptide release is considered to be an attractive strategy for repairing of critical size bone defects. However, traumatic bone defects often activate the damaged sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in the defect area and release excessive catecholamine to hinder bone defect repair. Herein, a 3D printed scaffold loaded with the calcium channel blocker‐nifedipine is proposed to reduce the concentration of catecholamine present in the bone defect region and to accelerate bone healing. To this end, nifedipine‐loaded ethosome and laponite are added into a mixed solution containing sodium alginate, methacrylated gelatin, and bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to prepare a cell‐laden scaffold using 3D bioprinting. The released nifedipine is able to close the calcium channels of nerve cells, thereby blocking sympathetic activation and ultimately inhibiting the release of catecholamine by sympathetic nerve cells, which further promotes the osteogenic differentiation and migration of BMSCs, inhibits osteoclastogenesis in vitro, and effectively improves bone regeneration in a rat critical‐size calvarial defect model. Therefore, the results suggest that sustained release of nifedipine from the scaffold can effectively block SNS activation, providing promising strategies for future treatment of bone defects.
Configuration of Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite Solar Cell and its Effect on the Device's Performance: A Review
Authors: Dahal Biplav , Li Wenzhi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn its initial phase in 2009, the inorganic‐organic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) delivered a 3.8% power conversion efficiency (PCE), which is far below the present 25.7% PCE obtained in 2022. The significant improvement of the efficiency of PSCs in such a short period has stimulated significant interest in the photovoltaic community. However, the performance of current PSCs is behind the commercially available and widely used solar cells in terms of stability and scalability. Among various commonly studied perovskite materials, methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) is the most widely studied. This review will focus on the common solar cell structures (mesoporous, inverted planar p‐i‐n, planar n‐i‐p) using MAPbI3 perovskite as an active layer and the effect of these solar cell structures on their performances. Furthermore, some commonly‐used strategies are outlined for improving the device performance, such as optimizing the deposition technique of the charge transporting and the active layers, modifying the properties of the carrier transporting layer and the perovskite layer by interface engineering and doping, optimizing the perovskite surface morphology, along with others. This article will also discuss the hole transport free and electron transport free MAPbI3 PSCs.
Modeling Time‐Resolved Kinetics in Solids Induced by Extreme Electronic Excitation
Authors: Medvedev Nikita , Akhmetov Fedor , Rymzhanov Ruslan A. , Voronkov Roman , Volkov Alexander E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe authors present a concurrent Monte Carlo (MC)–molecular dynamics (MD) approach to modeling matter response to excitation of its electronic system at nanometric scales. The two methods are combined on‐the‐fly at each time step in one code, TREKIS‐4. The MC model describes the arrival of irradiation (a photon, an electron, or a fast ion). It traces induced cascades of secondary electrons and holes, and their energy exchange with atoms due to scattering. The excited atomic system is simulated with an MD model. An efficient way is proposed to account for nonthermal effects in the electron‐atom energy transfer in covalent materials via the conversion of the potential energy of the electronic ensemble into the kinetic energy of atoms. Such a combined MC–MD approach enables a time‐resolved tracing of the excitation kinetics of both, the electronic and atomic systems, and their simultaneous response to a deposited dose. As a proof‐of‐principle, it is shown that the proposed method describes atomic dynamics after X‐ray irradiation in good agreement with tight‐binding MD. The model also allows gaining insights into the atomic system behavior during the energy deposition from a nonequilibrium electronic system excited by an ion impact.
Retracted: Dual‐Ion Stabilized Layered Structure of OVO for Zero‐Strain Potassium Insertion and Extraction
Authors: Wang Jianyi , Chen Menghui , Chen Zhida , Lu Zicong , Si Liping 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPotassium‐ion batteries (KIB) have similar energy storage mechanism with lithium‐ion battery, but the potassium (K) resource is rich, which shows great potential for large‐scale energy storage system. Recently, the anode materials of KIB studied mainly include carbon materials, transition metal oxides, and alloy materials. The amorphous hard carbon shows the best comprehensive performance, but its intercalation potential is close to 0 V (versus K+/K), which is easy to cause K dendrite and brings security risks. The oxide materials have high capacity but high intercalation potential, low first cycle efficiency, and unstable cycle. Here, based on the understanding of the K intercalation mechanism of vanadium oxides, a novel zero strain anode material with layered structure of dual‐ions (Na+/K+) is designed (NaK(VO3)2V2O5). The introduction of Na/K ion contributed to the transmission and further stabilized the structure. It has an excellent rate performance (10 A g−1, up to 25 000th cycle), and its special K storage mechanism and zero‐strain characteristics are revealed for the first time by ex situ scanning electron microscope, X‐ray powder diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and other test methods. Considering the excellent performance endowed by these unique inherent properties, NaK(VO3)2V2O5 shows great potential for commercial anode materials and may promote the innovation of KIB.
Optimization of a multiperiod refinery planning problem under uncertainty
Authors: Boucheikhchoukh Ariel A. , Swartz Christopher L. E. , Bouveresse Eric , Lutran Pierre , Robert Anna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUncertainty in refinery planning presents a significant challenge in determining the day‐to‐day operations of an oil refinery. Deterministic modeling techniques often fail to account for this uncertainty, potentially resulting in reduced profit. The stochastic programming framework explicitly incorporates parameter uncertainty in the problem formulation, thus giving preference to robust solutions. In this work, a nonlinear, multiperiod, industrial refinery problem is extended to a two‐stage stochastic problem, formulated as a mixed‐integer nonlinear program. A crude‐oil sequencing case study is developed with binary scheduling decisions in both stages of the stochastic programming problem. Solution via a decomposition strategy based on the generalized Benders decomposition (GBD) algorithm is proposed. The binary decisions are designated as complicating variables that, when fixed, reduce the full‐space problem to a series of independent scenario subproblems. Through the application of the GBD algorithm, a feasible mixed‐integer solution is obtained that is more robust to uncertainty than its deterministic counterpart.
Association of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and cognitive impairment
Authors: Vassilaki Maria , Aakre Jeremiah A. , Castillo Anna , Chamberlain Alanna M. , Wilson Patrick M. , Kremers Walter K. , Mielke Michelle M. , Geda Yonas E. , Machulda Mary M. , Alhurani Rabe E. , Graff‐Radford Jonathan , Vemuri Prashanthi , Lowe Val J. , Jack Clifford R. , Knopman David S. , Petersen Ronald C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionWe investigated the association of the area deprivation index (ADI) with cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia in older adults (≥50 years old). ADI is a neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage measure assessed at the census block group level.MethodsThe study included 4699 participants, initially without dementia, with available ADI values for 2015 and at least one study visit in 2008 through 2018. Using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models with age as the time scale, we assessed the odds for MCI and the risk for dementia, respectively.ResultsIn cognitively unimpaired (CU) adults at baseline, the risk for progression to dementia increased for every decile increase in the ADI state ranking (hazard ratio = 1.06, 95% confidence interval (1.01–1.11), P = .01). Higher ADI values were associated with subtly faster cognitive decline.DiscussionIn older CU adults, higher baseline neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation levels were associated with progression to dementia and slightly faster cognitive decline.Highlights
The study used area deprivation index, a composite freely available neighborhood deprivation measure.

Higher levels of neighborhood deprivation were associated with greater mild cognitive impairment odds.

Higher neighborhood deprivation levels were associated with higher dementia risk.
Silver‐Promoted Decarboxylative Difluoromethylenation of α,β‐Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids for the Synthesis of Allylic Difluorides
Authors: Li Hongxiao , Sun Qianqian , Zhang TianTian , Chen Yunrong , Zhang Jianhua , Deng Hongmei , Jiang Haizhen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAn efficient silver‐promoted decarboxylative gem‐difluoromethylenation of aryl‐ or alkyl‐substituted α,β‐unsaturated carboxylic acids with readily available benzo‐1,3‐diazolic difluoromethyl bromides has been developed. This convenient transformation demonstrated good functional‐group tolerability and broad substrate scope, and afforded the allylic difluorides in good to excellent yields with exclusive E‐stereoselectivity under mild reaction conditions.
Kaposi’s sarcoma associated with chronic myeloid leukemia and imatinib mesylate therapy
Authors: D’Addona Matteo , Pezzullo Luca , Giudice Valentina , Serio Bianca , Baldi Carlo , Zeppa Pio , Selleri Carmine 
Published: June 2022

AbstractKaposi's sarcoma is associated with immunosuppression and human herpesvirus 8 infection, while rarely described in myeloid malignancies. Here, we illustrate a rare case of chronic myeloid leukemia treated with imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, who developed a human herpesvirus 8‐related Kaposi's sarcoma.
Multiplexed single‐cell analysis of FNA allows accurate diagnosis of salivary gland tumors
Authors: Oh Juhyun , Yoo Tae Yeon , Saal Talia M. , Tsay Lisa , Faquin William C. , Carlson Jonathan C.T. , Deschler Daniel G. , Pai Sara I. , Weissleder Ralph 
Published: June 2022

Diagnosing salivary gland tumors (SGTs) through fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies is challenging due to the overlapping cytomorphologic features between benign and malignant tumors. The authors developed an innovative, multiplexed cycling technology for the rapid analyses of single cells obtained from FNA that can facilitate the molecular analyses and diagnosis of SGTs. Antibodies against 29 protein markers associated with 7 SGT subtypes were validated and chemically modified via custom linker–bio‐orthogonal probes (FAST). Single‐cell homogenates and FNA samples were profiled by FAST cyclic imaging and computational analysis. A prediction model was generated using a training set of 151,926 cells from primary SGTs (N = 26) and validated on a separate cohort (N = 30). Companion biomarker testing, such as neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK), was also assessed with the FAST technology. The FAST molecular diagnostic assay was able to distinguish between benign and malignant SGTs with an accuracy of 0.86 for single‐cell homogenate samples and 0.88 for FNA samples. Profiling of multiple markers as compared to a single marker increased the diagnostic accuracy (0.82 as compared to 0.65‐0.74, respectively), independent of the cell number sampled. NTRK expression was also assessed by the FAST assay, highlighting the potential therapeutic application of this technology. Application of the novel multiplexed single‐cell technology facilitates rapid biomarker testing from FNA samples at low cost. The customizable and modular FAST‐FNA approach has relevance to multiple pathologies and organ systems where cytologic samples are often scarce and/or indeterminate resulting in improved diagnostic workflows and timely therapeutic clinical decision‐making.
The value of monitoring amended reports in cytopathology quality programs: A biennial review
Authors: Torous Vanda F. , Pitman Martha B. , Heher Yael K. 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundQuality and safety are the foundation of the practice of cytopathology. Review of key performance indicator (KPI) data can shine a light on laboratory vulnerabilities and potential areas for targeted improvement. The rate and content of amendment reports is a frequently monitored KPI in anatomic pathology, but few have studied its value in cytopathology. The goal of this study was to examine the frequency, classification, and outcome of amendments for a large cytopathology laboratory.MethodsAll amendment reports issued for cases during a 2‐year period from July 2019 to June 2021 were included in the study. Amendments were classified into three error type root causes: Specimen Identification Error, General Report Defects, and Diagnostic Error.ResultsA total of 202 amendment reports were issued equating to a rate of 0.275%. A total of 83 (41.1%) were gynecologic cases and 119 (58.9%) were nongynecologic cases. Within the gynecologic cases, 13 (15.7%) cases were due to Specimen Identification Error, 13 (15.7%) cases were due to Diagnostic Error, and 57 (68.7%) cases were due to General Report Defects. Within the nongynecologic cases, 15 (12.6%) cases were due to Specimen Identification Error, 30 (25.2%) cases were due to General Report Defects, and 74 (62.2%) cases were due to Diagnostic Error with 32 of these due to true diagnostic change. Discovery methods included following re‐review after additional clinical information was provided, reinterpretation after additional ancillary testing was performed, or conference review. There was no correlation with years in practice.ConclusionsStudying amendment reports is an underrecognized and valuable quality assurance tool. Amendments can help provide information about types of errors, monitor laboratory processes, and help guide quality improvement endeavors.
Field quantifications of probability of detection and search patterns to form protocols for the use of detector dogs for eradication assessments
Authors: Hoffmann Benjamin D. , Faulkner Craig , Brewington Laura , Lawton Faye 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

The use of detector dogs within environmental programs has increased greatly over the past few decades, yet their search methods are not standardized, and variation in dog performance remains not well quantified or understood. There is much science to be done to improve the general utility of detector dogs, especially for invertebrate surveys.

We report research for detector dog work conducted as part of yellow crazy ant eradication. One dog was first used to quantify the probability of detection (POD) within a strictly controlled trial. We then investigated the search patterns of two dogs when worked through sites using different transect spacings. Specifically, we quantified their presence within set distances of all locations in each assessment area, as well as the time they took to assess each area. In a GIS, we then calculated the relative percentage of the entire search area within six distance categories, and combined this information with the POD values to obtain a site‐level POD.

The calculated relationship between distance and POD was extremely strong (R2 = 0.998), with POD being 86% at 2 m and 28% at 25 m. For site‐level assessments conducted by the two dogs, both dogs achieved the highest site‐level POD when operated on the lowest transect spacing (15 m), with POD decreasing significantly as transect spacing increased. Both dogs had strong linear relationships between area assessed and time, with the area assessed being greater when the transects had greater spacing. The working style of the two dogs also resulted in significantly different assessment outcomes. In 1 h one dog could assess approximately 9.2 ha with transects spaced 20 m apart, and 6.8 ha with transects spaced 15 m apart, whereas the second dog could only assess approximately 6.9 ha with transects spaced 20 m apart, and 4.9 ha with transects spaced 15 m apart.

Our study provides insight into the ability of dogs to detect yellow crazy ants, and sets the basis for further science and protocol development for ant detection. With the lessons learned from this work, we then detail protocols for using detector dogs for ant eradication assessments.
Characterization and real‐time hybrid simulation testing of rolling pendulum isolation bearings with different surface treatments
Authors: Covarrubias Vargas Braulio A. , Harvey P. Scott , Cao Liang , Ricles James M. , Al‐Subaihawi Safwan , Villalobos Vega Esteban 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDamage caused by earthquakes to buildings and their contents (e.g., sensitive equipment) can impact life safety and disrupt business operations following an event. Floor isolation systems (FISs) are a promising retrofit strategy for protecting vital building contents. In this study, real‐time hybrid simulation (RTHS) is utilized to experimentally incorporate multi‐scale (building–FIS–equipment) interactions. For this, an experimental setup representing one bearing of a rolling pendulum (RP) based FIS is studied—first through characterization tests and then through RTHS. A series of tests was conducted at the Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure (NHERI) Experimental Facility at Lehigh University. Multiple excitations were used to study the experimental setup under uni‐axial loading. Details of the experimental testbed and test protocols for the characterization and RTHS tests are presented, along with results from these tests, which focused on the effect of different rolling surface treatments for supplemental damping, the FIS–equipment and building–FIS interactions, and rigorous evaluation of different RP isolation bearing designs through RTHS.