bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Chilling on Respiration and Volatiles of California Lemon Fruit
Authors: Eaks Irving L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The respiration, ethylene production and ethylene, ethyl alcohol, and acetaldehyde content of the internal atmosphere of citrus fruit increased at 20°C following exposures to chilling temperatures (0° and 5°) compared with fruit placed directly at 20°C. The increases were greater the longer the exposure and greater following exposure to 0° than following exposure to 5°. Exposure to 12.8°, a nonchilling temperature, did not elicit a stimulation of these attributes when transferred to 20°. Ethylene, ethyl alcohol, and acetaldehyde in the internal atmosphere of fruit remained at the same levels during the chilling exposures. During storage at 12.8° the acetaldehyde content in the internal atmosphere increased, but the ethylene and ethyl alcohol content did not. The chilling injury sustained by citrus fruit during storage could be evaluated by transferring samples to 20° and determining the respiratory rate, ethylene production or the volatile content in the internal atmosphere 24 hours after transfer to 20°.
Effects of Irrigation Regimes on Yield and Water Use of Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)1,2
Authors: Stansell J. R. , Smittle D. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Two snap bean cultivars, ‘Galagreen’ and ‘Eagle’, were grown in rainfall sheltered irrigation plots as spring and fall crops. Pod yield of snap beans irrigated when the soil water tension reached 25 kPa (0.25 bar) averaged 11.9 MT/ha. Application of irrigation at soil water tensions of 50 kPa (0.5 bar) and 75 kPa (.75 bar) reduced yield by 41% and 48%, respectively. The reduction in water use was proportionately less than yield decreases, resulting in water use efficiencies of 0.62, 0.45 and 0.40 MT of pods/cm of water for the 25, 50 and 75 kPa irrigation treatments. Water use by the cultivars was similar, but pod yield and water use efficiency of ‘Eagle’ was greater than ‘Galagreen’. Pod yields were reduced when plants were subjected to a 75 kPa soil water stress during pre-blossom, blossom or pod development growth stages. The relationships of snap bean water use (ET) to evaporation from an open pan (PA) were established throughout growth. The crop factor value (ET/PA) varied with plant age and irrigation regime.
Response of Apple Buds to Pressure Injection of Abscisic Acid and Cytokinin1
Authors: Sterrett J. P. , Hipkins P. L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A pressure injection method was used with abscisic acid (ABA) and 6-benzylamino purine (BA) to control bud break of one-year-old trees of ‘Yellow Delicious’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh). When dormant trees were injected with 3 ml of 250 ppm (wt/vol) ABA, 58% of buds were inhibited after 28 days compared to 31% of the buds of the controls; injections of 3 ml of 200 ppm (wt/vol) BA above the ABA-injection site, induced 52% of the inhibited buds to open. Radioassays of apple stems collected 11 and 9 days after injection, respectively, with 14C-ABA or 14C-BA indicated highly significant increases in radioactivity in the phloem, buds and new shoots compared to radioassays taken immediately after injection.
The Effect of Light Quality and Photoperiod on Vegetative Growth of Cucurbits maxima1
Authors: Zack Cheryl D. , Loy J. Brent 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study evaluates light quality and photoperiodic effects on vegetative growth on Cucurbita maxima Duch. In a growth chamber with fluorescent and incandescent lighting the quality of light prior to the dark period, rather than photoperiod, significantly affected internode elongation, and end-of-day red (R) and far-red (FR) treatments demonstrated phytochrome involvement. Internode elongation occurred primarily during the dark period. FR treatments at the beginning of the dark period were most promotive, but FR up to 12 hour into a 16 hour dark period promoted internode elongation significantly. Changes in the ratio of R to FR light at sunset are probably not of sufficient duration and intensity to elicit an end-of-day growth response. In the field, changes in light quality at sunset did not alter the growth habit of the bush or bush-vine phenotypes.
Lettuce Seedling and Yield Response to Preplant and Foliar Fertilization during Transplant Production1
Authors: Kratky B. A. , Mishima H. Y. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
‘Great Lakes R-200’ (Lactuca sativa L.). seedlings were fertilized with preplant-incorporated 8N-14P-7K at 0-32 g/liter of medium and combined with daily misting of 13N-11P-21K at 0-1800 ppm using 6 different media. The recommended foliar range is 200—600 ppm combined with preplant incorporation of 0—8 g/liter of medium. The 200 ppm foliar treatment required 4—8 g/liter of medium-incorporated fertilizer while the 600 ppm foliar treatment required 0—4 g/liter. The 0 foliar treatment decreased seedling weight, head firmness, and head weight. The 1800 ppm foliar rate is undesirable since it can decrease head size and percent salable heads, and cause soft seedlings. Large differences among treatments at the seedling stage moderated at hearvest time. The highest preplant rates (16—32 g 8N-14P-7K/liter of media) caused excess salinity and this resulted in delayed seed germination and reduced seedling fresh weight. Total salable weight and average head weight were not influenced by any of the 6 media tested. However, a lower seedling fresh weight occurred with 1 medium in the first experiment and 2 media in the second experiment.
Effect of Temperature, Fall Defoliation, and Gibberellic Acid on the Rest Period of Peach Leaf Buds1
Authors: Walser R. H. , Walker D. R. , Seeley S. D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Temperature treatments influenced inception, intensity and termination of rest in peach trees [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]. A substance that affected the response was translocated within the trees. The time of leaf abscission in the fall was related to duration and intensity of rest in ‘Gleason Elberta’ peach leaf terminal buds. An August application of 100 ppm gibberellic acid (GA3) and warm field temperatures delayed defoliation and extended rest.
Transpiration, Stomatal Conductance, and Photosynthesis of Tomato Plants with Various Proportions of Root System Supplied with Water1
Authors: Tan C. S. , Cornelisse A. , Buttery B. R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants were grown in specially designed sectional treatment boxes which divided the root systems into 4 separate quadrants. Transpiration, photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance were determined in tomato plants with 4, 3, 2 and 1 quadrants of the root system supplied with water. The results suggested that there was no simple relationship between the percentage of root available for water uptake and transpiration rate. The shoot: root ratio of tomato plants increased as the proportions of roots supplied with water increased. The application of water to only 50% or 75% of the root system did not reduce transpiration, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, or leaf surface area compared to a fully-watered plant. Where a substantial part of the root system (75%) was subject to moisture stress, only a small reduction in transpiration rate (20%) was observed. These results suggested that tomato roots had a greater relative absorption capacity for water uptake in response to the transpirational demand. The recovery of transpiration, photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance following the return to a fully watered state indicated that there had been no damage to the roots in the dry quadrants in any of the treatments.
Relative Importance of Tractable Factors Affecting the Establishment of Transplanted Holly1
Authors: Randolph William S. , Wiest Steven C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The influence of root and shoot pruning on the growth of transplanted 3-year-old Ilex crenata ‘Convexa’ × I. crenata ‘Stokes’ was determined under various backfill regimes. Root pruning reduced shoot dry weight increment 24% but only reduced root dry weight increment 6%. Root pruning caused water deficits to develop which can quantitatively account for the reduced shoot growth. Shoot pruning reduced root dry weight increment without influencing shoot dry weight increment. Adjustments of the means for altered tissue water content caused by shoot pruning resulted in decreased root and shoot dry weight increment. Root and shoot pruning influenced plant growth directly — by influencing growth mediating processes, and indirectly — by influencing plant water relations. Root growth was influenced primarily by growth mediating processes while shoot growth responded to both growth mediating processes and plant water relations.
Cold Hardiness Capability of Woody Ornamental Plant Taxa1
Authors: Pellett Harold , Gearhart Margaret , Dirr Michael 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Stems of many woody ornamental plant taxa were collected in midwinter and hardened to their maximum capability under laboratory conditions. Hardiness levels were determined and compared to zone recommendations as listed in Hortus III and Rehder’s Manual of Cultivated Plants. Many woody plants had a greater midwinter cold tolerance than their hardiness ratings would infer.
Symptomology of Fluoride and Boron Injury in Lilium longiflorum Thunb.1
Authors: Marousky F. J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
‘Ace’ lilies were grown in soils amended with: dicalcium phosphate; dicalcium phosphate and elevated levels of F, B, or F plus B; superphosphate; and with superphosphate plus B. Not only were symptoms of B injury evident earlier than those of F injury, but B and F toxicity syndromes were readily distinguishable. Plants grown with B had chlorotic and necrotic leaf tips without chlorotic and necrotic basal leaves, and the leaves contained elevated B levels. In B injury, the necrotic area was sharply delineated from live tissue. Plants grown with F on superphosphate had basal leaves that were chlorotic and necrotic, had upper leaves that were chlorotic and necrotic, and contained elevated F levels. Initial symptoms of injury in plants grown in soils amended with dicalcium phosphate and F plus B, with superphosphate plus B, and with dicalcium phosphate plus B were similar, because of the early effect of B. At flowering, plants grown in soils amended with dicalcium phosphate and F plus B, with dicalcium phosphate plus F, with superphosphate, and with superphosphate plus B were severely injured.
Hydraulic Conductivity of Four Commercial Citrus Rootstocks1,2
Authors: Syvertsen J. P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The hydraulic conductivities of intact root systems of 4 commercial citrus rootstocks were estimated using a pressure chamber technique. The rootstocks used were rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush.), sour orange (C. aurantium L.), Carrizo citrange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. × C. sinensis (L.) Osb.], and Cleopatra mandarin (C. reshni Hort. ex TAN). Carrizo and rough lemon seedlings had the highest root conductivity, whereas Cleopatra and sour orange had the lowest root conductivity. Although these rootstocks as seedlings produce root systems in pots that differ from those in the field, some of the growth, yield, and drought resistance chartacteristics that have been previously assoicated with these rootstocks may be at least partially explained by the hydraulic conductivity of their roots.
Seasonal Changes of Free and Hydrolyzable Abscisic Acid in Vegetative Apple Buds1
Authors: Seeley S. D. , Powell L. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Levels of free and hydrolyzable abscisic acid (ABA, H-ABA) in vegetative apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) buds were measured by electron capture gas chromatography. ABA level was high during midsummer both before and after entry into dormancy, increased to a maximum just prior to leaf fall, and decreased to a minimum just prior to bloom. H-ABA level was low during midsummer, increased gradually during fall and winter, reached a maximum during the early stages of bud development, and then decreased very rapidly just prior to full bloom.
The Effects of Drip Irrigation and Soil Fumigation on ‘Redglobe’ Peach Yields and Growth1
Authors: Horton B. D. , Wehunt E. J. , Edwards J. H. , Bruce R. R. , Chesnee J. L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
‘Redglobe’ peaches (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) were grown under drip irrigation and no irrigation, with and without fumigation with 1,2–dibromo–3–chloropropane (DBCP). The irrigation treatments were 1) nonirrigated, 2) irrigated until harvest, 3) irrigated from harvest to dormancy, 4) irrigated all season. Fumigation increased trunk cross-sectional area by 18 cm2, and when postharvest water was applied the increase was 25 cm2 at the end of 1978. Irrigation increased marketable yields of fresh peaches from 3.6 to 7.4 MT/ha (62-150 bu/acre) in 1977. In 1978, fumigation did not increase yields unless preharvest water was applied; then, yields were increased from 12.1 to 17.2 MT/ha (232-357 bu/acre). Fumigation apparently increased water use as indicated by the increased rate of controlled water application. Fumigation reduced populations of Macroposthonia xenoplax (Raski) DeGrisse and Loof, from a range of 30-400 to a range of 1-30 nematodes/150 cm3 of soil.
Acclimatization of Aseptically Cultured Apple Plants to Low Relative Humidity1
Authors: Brainerd K. E. , Fuchigami L. H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aseptically cultured Malus domestica (Borkh.) cv. Mac 9 plants were exposed to 30–40% relative humidity (RH) for 0 to 6 days. The relative water content (RWC) and percent stomatal closure were measured on leaves excised from plants exposed to low humidity and from greenhouse acclimatized controls. Both RWC and percent stomatal closure successfully monitored acclimatization. The RWC of excised leaves exposed to low RH for 0 or 1 day was significantly higher than that of leaves exposed for 4.5 days or of greenhouse-acclimatized plants. Speed of stomatal closure upon leaf excision increased with the duration of plant exposure to low humidity. The rate of water loss from excised apple leaves was linearly related to the stomatal closure. Aseptically cultured plant (ACP) leaves consistently lost more water than greenhouse leaves at corresponding percentages of stomatal closure. These results indicated that ACP leaves can be acclimatized to low humidity within 4 to 5 days of exposure to 30 to 40% RH and that low humidity acclimatization involved development of an accelerated stomatal response.
Influence of Temperature, Light, and Ethylene on Seedlings of Geranium (Pelargonium × hortorum Bailey) during Simulated Shipping Conditions1
Authors: Marousky F. J. , Harbaugh B. K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Geranium seedlings were exposed to various levels of ethylene (0–10 µl/liter air) at 23°C for 2 and 5 days in light. Seedlings held in ethylene for 2 days developed more chlorotic leaves and did not grow as well as seedlings held in air. Seedlings exposed to ethylene for 5 days abscised leaves, whereas those exposed for 2 days did not. Seedlings exposed to ethylene (1 µl/liter air) at 23° for 3 days in dark had more chlorotic leaves and did not grow as well as seedlings exposed to ethylene in light. Seedlings held in air in darkness had more chlorotic leaves than seedlings held in air in light. Seedlings held in air in the laboratory grew as well as seedlings held in the greenhouse. Seedlings exposed to ethylene (1 µl/liter air) for 3 days in dark retained more chlorophyll and had better growth at low temperatures (4.5°, 10°) than those exposed at higher temperatures (15.5°, 23°). Seedlings held in air at all temperatures for 3 days had similar chlorophyll levels and growth patterns. Temperature was negatively correlated with loss of chlorophyll and plant dry weight and positively correlated with number of chlorotic leaves of seedling held in darkness for 7 days.
Influence of Light and Fertilizer Levels and Fertilizer Sources on Foliage Plants Maintained under Interior Environments for One Year1
Authors: Conover C. A. , Poole R. T. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Brassaia actinophylla Endl. and Dieffenbachia maculata (Lodd.) G. Don ‘Perfection’ were grown under 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 klx Cool White fluorescent light for 1 year in in anterior environment. Growth increased as light level increasede Increasing rate of fertilizer application from liquid or slow release fertilizer had no effect on growth at 0.5 klx, but a large effect at 2.0 klx. Influence of light and fertilizer levels on elemental tissue content is discussed.
Evaluation, Variation, and Genetic Control of Seed-Coat Whiteness in Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)1
Authors: Korban Safi S. , Coyne Dermot P. , Weihing John L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A Hunter Color Difference meter and a white-paint color chart were used to determine the degree of whiteness among 8 white-seeded Great Northern (GN) cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris. A correlation coefficient of +0.84 was found between the 2 methods. The former method provided better separation of cultivars for degrees of whiteness than the latter method. Two genetic studies were conducted, with seed-coat whiteness determined by use of the white-paint color strip. ‘GN Emerson’ had the whitest seed-coat. The inheritance of seed-coat whiteness was investigated in 1978 using parents, F2s of the crosses Plant Introduction (PI) 165078 (bright white) with ‘GN Emerson’ (moderately bright white), ‘GN Valley’ (dull white) and ‘GN UI 59’ (dull white) and in the reciprocal cross ‘Bulgarian White’ (brightest white) × ‘GN UI 59’ (dull white). A quantitative pattern of inheritance was observed. Broad sense heritability estimates for this trait ranged from 46 to 57%. The Gardner and Eberhart model, Analysis II, was used in 1979 to estimate genetic effects for the trait in a 6 parent diallel cross involving ‘GN Emerson’, ‘GN UI 59’, ‘Bulgarian White’, ‘GN Star’ (dull white), ‘GN 1140’ (dull white) and ‘GN D-88’ (dull white). Additive genetic effects were predominant; but heterosis effects were also important, including significant effects for specific combining ability, and reciprocal crosses. ‘Bulgarian White’ showed high combining ability for brighter whiteness. The genetic data indicate that improvement of seed-coat whiteness in dry beans should be relatively easy to accomplish.
Determination of Total and Ionic Calcium in Apple Leaf and Fruit Tissues1
Authors: Himelrick David G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) leaf, peel, and flesh tissues were sequentially fractionated using hot water, sodium nitrate, acetic acid and hydrochloric acid to extract Ca in various forms. Water soluble and sodium nitrate exchangeable Ca, which were considered to be the physiologically active forms, composed 53%, 78 %, and 73 % of the total Ca present in apple leaf, peel, and flesh tissues, respectively. Ionic Ca was determined in each of the fractions using an ion-selective electrode. Eleven to 42% of the total Ca concentration in each of the fractions was found to be in the free ionic form. Bound and exchangeable Ca in each of the fractions was also measured by an ion exchange resin in a batch method, and exchangeable Ca was 19 to 87% of the total.
A Survey of Dead Spur of ‘Delicious’ Apple and Evidence of Possible Transmission1
Authors: Parish C. L. , Williams M. W. , Misley J. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A survey for dead spur was made by rating 8600 ‘Delicious’ apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) on seedling rootstock in 3 of the 4 major apple-growing areas of Washington. Only ‘Earlistripe Delicious’ was found to be appreciably affected, and no difference in incidence of dead spur was observed among the areas.‘Oregon Spur Delicious’ and ‘Earlistripe Delicious’ were rated on 5 rootstocks and no rootstock effect was detected. Dead spur symptoms on trees of other strains or cultivars and on pollenizer limbs grafted into ‘Earlistripe Delicious’ affected by dead spur suggest the disorder is transmissible. In addition, an association was noticed between cultivars with long leggy-type growth and the occurrence of dead spur.
Inhibition of Denitrification by Nitrapyrin with Field-grown Sweet Corn1
Authors: McElhannon William S. , Mills Harry A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A commercial formulation of 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)-pyridine (nitrapyrin) was incorporated within the N-fertilizer band in 2 consecutive years under widely different environmental conditions to evaluate the effect of nitrapyrin on denitrification occurring with field-grown sweet corn (Zea mays L.). Nitrapyrin significantly increased soil NO−3–N levels, total plant N, and yield; decreased rates of N2O evolved from the soil with both NH+ 4 and NO−3 forms of N-fertilizer. Denitrification appears to be a significant factor influencing the growth of sweet corn under field conditions, and nitrapyrin effectively inhibits the denitrification process.
Electrophoretic Characterization of Strawberry Cultivars1
Authors: Bringhurst R. S. , Arulsekar S. , Hancock J. F. , Voth Victor 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Starch gel electrophoresis was employed to distinguish the University of California-released strawberry cultivars. Isozyme patterns of 3 enzyme systems (PGI, LAP, and PGM) were studied. Fourteen of the 22 cultivars studied were classified uniquely by using the 3 enzyme systems. The use of electrophoresis as a tool in breeding clonally propagated crops is discussed.
Seed Coat Structure of Three Woody Legume Species after Chemical and Physical Treatments to Increase Seed Germination1
Authors: Liu N. Y. , Khatamian H. , Fretz T. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Seed germination was 90–95% for Kentucky coffeetree [Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) C. Koch] after concentrated sulfuric acid treatment for 120 to 150 minutes; 97–98% for honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos va. inermis L.) following 60, 90, or 120 minutes concentrated sulfuric acid scarification; and was 67–72% for redbud (Cercis canadensis L.) after 30, 60, or 90 minutes of concentrated sulfuric acid scarification followed by a 60-day stratification period. Scanning electron micrographs of acid-scarified Kentucky coffeetree, honeylocust, and redbud seed indicated that lumens of the macrosclereid cells on the seed surface were exposed after acid treatment, permitting imbibition of water. Boiling water treatment ruptured the macrosclerid layer, while seed treated with liquid N2 had fissures that did not appear to penetrate the macrosclereid layer.