bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case report of Loeys-Dietz syndrome presenting with coronary artery aneurysm
Authors: Nickol Jennifer L , Malik Shahbaz A , Yetman Anji T 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a heritable disorder that presents with thoracic aortic aneurysm and/or dissection caused by a mutation in one of the transforming growth factor-B receptor or ligand genes. It is associated with widespread familial arterial aneurysm and rupture.

Case summary
We present a case of a 70-year-old male with a family history of heritable thoracic aortic aneurysm disease who presented to the emergency department with chest pain. His presenting electrocardiogram was significant for ST elevation in the inferior leads with complete heart block. Computed tomography-angiography was done to rule out aortic dissection, which was negative for aortic dissection but did reveal 3.9 cm infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm and 2.7 cm bilateral iliac artery aneurysms. He was then taken for invasive angiography and was found to have aneurysmal dilation of the entire right coronary artery measuring up to 6 mm with 100% occlusion secondary to thrombus in the distal segment. He was found to have obstructive disease in the left anterior descending artery and first and second obtuse marginals (OMs). Genetic testing performed confirmed a pathogenic mutation in the TGFBRI gene (TGFBRI c.934G &gt; A p.Gly312Ser) consistent with the diagnosis of LDS.

Discussion
Although LDS is known to cause arterial aneurysms throughout the arterial tree, there have been no other cases of primary coronary aneurysms reported in this patient population. This case represents the first description of a patient with genetically confirmed LDS presenting with coronary artery aneurysm.
Massive cardiopulmonary cement embolism with cardiac perforation after vertebroplasty: a case series
Authors: Schoechlin Simon , Schröfel Holger , Czerny Martin , Siepe Matthias , Ahlgrim Christoph , Zeller Thomas , Neumann Franz-Josef 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
The prevalence of cement embolism after percutaneous vertebroplasty ranges from 2.1 to 26%, in literature. Even if most cases remain asymptomatic, intracardiac cement embolism becomes symptomatic in up to 8.3% of the cases.

Case summary
We report a case series of two cases with massive cardiopulmonary cement embolism, which lead to perforation of the right ventricle and needed cardiothoracic surgery.

Discussion
As this entity affects different fields of medical specialties and may lead to fatal outcome, we believe that the efforts of better understanding its development, avoidance, detection, and treatment need to be intensified. For this purpose, systematic and interdisciplinary studies to follow up patients after vertebroplasty are needed.
Meta-analysis of the Placebo and Nocebo effects associated with Placebo treatment in randomized trials of lipid-lowering therapies
Authors: Chin Yip H , Lim Oliver , Lin Chaoxing , Chan Yu Y , Kong Gwyneth , Ng Cheng H , Chong Bryan , Syn Nicholas , Chan Kai E , Muthiah Mark D , Siddiqui Mohammad S , Wang Jiong-Wei , Figtree Gemma , Chan Mark Y , Chew Nicholas W S 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) in which the control groups received placebo without background LLT offer unique insights into the placebo and nocebo effects of lipid-lowering RCTs.

Methods and results
Embase and Medline were searched for hyperlipidaemia RCTs with placebo-controlled arms. Placebo arms with background LLT were excluded. A single arm meta-analysis of proportions was used to estimate major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and adverse events (AE). A meta-analysis of means was used to estimate the pooled mean differences of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and triglycerides (TG).
A total of 40 RCTs and 37 668 placebo-treated participants were included. The pooled mean changes for TC, LDL, HDL, and TG were −0.019 mmol/L, −0.028 mmol/L, 0.013 mmol/L, and 0.062 mmol/L respectively among placebo-treated participants, indicating a modest placebo effect. The pooled average nocebo effect among placebo-treated participants was 42.62% for all AEs and 3.38% for musculoskeletal-related AEs, 11.36% for gastrointestinal-related AEs, and 6.62% for headaches. Placebo-treated participants in secondary prevention RCTs had a far higher incidence of these nocebo effects than primary prevention RCTs: any AEs (OR 6.76, 95% CI: 5.56–8.24, P &lt; 0.001), and gastrointestinal-related AE (OR 1.23, 95% CI: 1.00–1.51, P = 0.049). No differences in nocebo effects were found between the placebo arms of statin and non-statin trials.

Conclusion
Our meta-analysis of placebo-treated participants in RCTs with no background LLT indicate a modest placebo effect but prominent nocebo effect of musculoskeletal, headache, and gastrointestinal symptoms that was greatest among secondary prevention RCTs. These findings may inform the design of future LLT RCTs.
Identification of candidate sex-specific genomic regions in male and female Asian arowana genomes
Authors: Mu Xidong , Liu Yi , Liu Chao , Zhao Chenxi , Li Ruihan , You Xinxin , Yang Yexin , Wang Xuejie , Hu Yinchang , Shi Qiong , Bian Chao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Asian arowana, Scleropages formosus, is one of the most expensive aquarium fish species worldwide. Its sex, however, cannot be distinguished clearly at any development stage, which impedes captive breeding and species protection for this endangered aquarium fish.

Results
To discover molecular clues to the sex of Asian arowana, we sequenced 26.5 Gb of PacBio HiFi reads and 179.2 Gb of Hi-C reads for 1 male fish and also sequenced 106.5 Gb of Illumina reads, 36.0 Gb of PacBio Sequel reads, and 80.7 Gb of Hi-C reads for 1 female individual. The final male and female genome assemblies were approximately 756.8 Mb and 781.5 Mb in length and contained 25,262 and 25,328 protein-coding genes, respectively. We also resequenced the genomes of 15 male and 15 female individuals with approximately 722.1 Gb of Illumina reads. A genome-wide association study identified several potentially divergent regions between male and female individuals. In these regions, cd48 and cfap52 could be candidate genes for sex determination of Asian arowana. We also found some structural variations in few chromosomes between male and female individuals.

Conclusion
We provided an improved reference genome assembly of female arowana and generated the first sequenced genome of 1 male individual. These valuable genetic resources and resequencing data may improve global aquarium fish research.
Finite volume methods for the computation of statistical solutions of the incompressible Euler equations
Authors: Parés-Pulido Carlos 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We present an efficient numerical scheme based on Monte Carlo integration to approximate statistical solutions of the incompressible Euler equations. The scheme is based on finite volume methods, which provide a more flexible framework than previously existing spectral methods for the computation of statistical solutions for incompressible flows. This finite volume scheme is rigorously proven, under experimentally verifiable assumptions, to converge in an appropriate topology and with increasing resolution to a statistical solution. The convergence obtained is stronger than that of measure-valued solutions, as it implies convergence of multi-point correlation marginals. We present results of numerical experiments that support the claim that the aforementioned assumptions are very natural and appear to hold in practice.
Rare Manifestation of Sjögren’s Syndrome as Unilateral Facial Paralysis: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Montgomery Emily A , Patel Jagatkumar A , Boone Rachel E , Teixeira Jeffrey C , Vincent Aurora G , Hohman Marc H 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Herein, we present a unique case of Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) first presenting as facial palsy, as well as a literature review of case reports describing SS-associated facial paralysis. A PubMed search for papers containing the keywords Sjögren’s syndrome or Sjögren’s disease, as well as facial paralysis, facial paresis, facial palsy, or Bell’s palsy, was performed. Articles not in English and cases of SS not involving facial paralysis were excluded. Appropriate articles were reviewed for patient demographics and symptoms of SS, including laterality of facial paralysis, cranial nerve involvement, and comorbid diseases. House–Brackmann grades were annotated based on either assignment by individual case reports or the authors’ descriptions when sufficient details were present. Of 43 peer-reviewed articles found, 14 were both in the English language and provided adequate information on a total of 16 patients with facial paralysis and SS diagnosis. Ultimately, SS and other systemic autoimmune disorders should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with insidious onset facial paralysis.
Pitfalls of the site-concordance factor (sCF) as measure of phylogenetic branch support
Authors: Kück Patrick , Romahn Juliane , Meusemann Karen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Confidence measures of branch reliability play an important role in phylogenetics as these measures allow to identify trees or parts of a tree that are well supported by the data and thus adequate to serve as basis for evolutionary inference of biological systems. Unreliable branch relationships in phylogenetic analyses are of concern because of their potential to represent incorrect relationships of interest among more reliable branch relationships. The site-concordance factor implemented in the IQ-TREE package is a recently introduced heuristic solution to the problem of identifying unreliable branch relationships on the basis of quartets. We test the performance of the site-concordance measure with simple examples based on simulated data and designed to study its behaviour in branch support estimates related to different degrees of branch length heterogeneities among a ten sequence tree. Our results show that in particular in cases of relationships with heterogeneous branch lengths site-concordance measures may be misleading. We therefore argue that the maximum parsimony optimality criterion currently used by the site-concordance measure may sometimes be poorly suited to evaluate branch support and that the scores reported by the site-concordance factor should not be considered as reliable.
Standardization of Epidemiological Surveillance of Group A Streptococcal Impetigo
Authors: Miller Kate M , Carapetis Jonathan R , Cherian Thomas , Hay Roderick , Marks Michael , Pickering Janessa , Cannon Jeffrey W , Lamagni Theresa , Romani Lucia , Moore Hannah C , Van Beneden Chris A , Barth Dylan D , Bowen Asha C ,   for the Strep A Vaccine Global Consortium (SAVAC) Burden of Disease Working Group, Carapetis Jonathan , Van Beneden Chris , Kaslow David , Cherian Thomas , Lamagni Theresa , Engel Mark , Cannon Jeffrey , Moore Hannah , Bowen Asha , Seale Anna , Kang Gagandeep , Watkins David , Kariuki Sam 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Impetigo is a highly contagious bacterial infection of the superficial layer of skin. Impetigo is caused by group A Streptococcus (Strep A) and Staphylococcus aureus, alone or in combination, with the former predominating in many tropical climates. Strep A impetigo occurs mainly in early childhood, and the burden varies worldwide. It is an acute, self-limited disease, but many children experience frequent recurrences that make it a chronic illness in some endemic settings. We present a standardized surveillance protocol including case definitions for impetigo including both active (purulent, crusted) and resolving (flat, dry) phases and discuss the current tests used to detect Strep A among persons with impetigo. Case classifications that can be applied are detailed, including differentiating between incident (new) and prevalent (existing) cases of Strep A impetigo. The type of surveillance methodology depends on the burden of impetigo in the community. Active surveillance and laboratory confirmation is the preferred method for case detection, particularly in endemic settings. Participant eligibility, surveillance population and additional considerations for surveillance of impetigo, including examination of lesions, use of photographs to document lesions, and staff training requirements (including cultural awareness), are addressed. Finally, the core elements of case report forms for impetigo are presented and guidance for recording the course and severity of impetigo provided.
Standardization of Epidemiological Surveillance of Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Miller Kate M , Van Beneden Chris , McDonald Malcolm , Hla Thel K , Wong William , Pedgrift Helen , Kaslow David C , Cherian Thomas , Carapetis Jonathan R , Scheel Amy , Seale Anna , Bowen Asha C , Moore Hannah C , Lamagni Theresa , Rodriguez-Iturbe Bernardo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) is an immune complex-induced glomerulonephritis that develops as a sequela of streptococcal infections. This article provides guidelines for the surveillance of APSGN due to group A Streptococcus (Strep A). The primary objectives of APSGN surveillance are to monitor trends in age- and sex-specific incidence, describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with APSGN, document accompanying risk factors, then monitor trends in frequency of complications, illness duration, hospitalization rates, and mortality.
This document provides surveillance case definitions for APSGN, including clinical and subclinical APSGN based on clinical and laboratory evidence. It also details case classifications that can be used to differentiate between confirmed and probable cases, and it discusses the current investigations used to provide evidence of antecedent Strep A infection.
The type of surveillance recommended depends on the burden of APSGN in the community and the objectives of surveillance. Strategies for minimal surveillance and enhanced surveillance of APSGN are provided. Furthermore, a discussion covers the surveillance population and additional APSGN-specific surveillance considerations such as contact testing, active follow up of cases and contacts, frequency of reporting, surveillance visits, period of surveillance, and community engagement. Finally, the document presents core data elements to be collected on case report forms, along with guidance for documenting the course and severity of APSGN.
Choices behind the veil of ignorance in Formosan macaques
Authors: Lu Yi-Ta , Hwang Wei-Hsiang , Hsieh Yi-Tsung , Ho Tsung-Yu , Da Zhu Jian- , Yeh Chun-I , Huang Chen-Ying 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAn ongoing debate regarding the evolution of morality is whether other species show precursory moral behavior. The veil of ignorance (VOI) paradigm is often used to elicit human moral judgment but has never been tested in other primates. We study the division of resources behind the VOI in Formosan macaques. Monkeys choose the equal division more often when a conspecific is present than when it is absent, suggesting a degree of impartiality. To better understand this impartiality, we measure a monkey’s reactions to two directions of inequity: one regarding inequity to its advantage and the other to its disadvantage. We find that disadvantageous inequity aversion correlates with the degree of impartiality behind the VOI. Therefore, seemingly impartial behavior could result from a primitive negative reaction to being disadvantaged. This suggests a mechanism to explain a tendency toward impartiality.
Excessive daytime sleepiness mediates the relationship between insomnia symptoms and suicidal behavior in adolescents
Authors: Liu Zhen-Zhen , Jia Cun-Xian , Liu Xianchen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStudy ObjectivesInsomnia symptoms, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), and suicidal behavior are prevalent among adolescents. Growing studies have shown that both insomnia symptoms and EDS are associated with suicidal behavior. However, little is known about the pathways between insomnia symptoms, EDS, and suicidal behavior. This study aimed to examine the longitudinal mediating effect of EDS on insomnia-suicidal behavior link in a large sample of Chinese adolescents.MethodsParticipants were 7072 adolescents (Mean age = 14.58 years, 50.0% males) who were surveyed at baseline and were followed up 1 year later in the Shandong Adolescent Behavior and Health Cohort study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to measure insomnia symptoms, daytime sleepiness, sleep duration, social jetlag, suicidal behavior, and adolescent and family demographics.ResultsThe prevalence of insomnia symptoms and EDS at baseline were 14.3% and 21.1%, respectively. Adolescents with insomnia symptoms or EDS at baseline were more likely to report suicidal behavior at 1-year follow-up compared to adolescents without insomnia symptoms or EDS. Path analyses showed that EDS played a significant mediation role between insomnia symptoms and suicidal behavior (including any suicidal behavior, suicidal thought, suicide plan, and suicide attempt) before and after adjusting for adolescent and family factors, sleep duration, social jetlag, and prior suicidal behavior.ConclusionInsomnia symptoms and EDS were associated with increased risk of subsequent suicidal behavior. The association between insomnia symptoms and suicidal behavior was mediated by EDS. These findings highlight the importance of assessment and treatment of insomnia and daytime sleepiness for suicide prevention in adolescents.
Transient oscillation dynamics during sleep provide a robust basis for electroencephalographic phenotyping and biomarker identification
Authors: Stokes Patrick A , Rath Preetish , Possidente Thomas , He Mingjian , Purcell Shaun , Manoach Dara S , Stickgold Robert , Prerau Michael J 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTransient oscillatory events in the sleep electroencephalogram represent short-term coordinated network activity. Of particular importance, sleep spindles are transient oscillatory events associated with memory consolidation, which are altered in aging and in several psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Spindle identification, however, currently contains implicit assumptions derived from what waveforms were historically easiest to discern by eye, and has recently been shown to select only a high-amplitude subset of transient events. Moreover, spindle activity is typically averaged across a sleep stage, collapsing continuous dynamics into discrete states. What information can be gained by expanding our view of transient oscillatory events and their dynamics? In this paper, we develop a novel approach to electroencephalographic phenotyping, characterizing a generalized class of transient time-frequency events across a wide frequency range using continuous dynamics. We demonstrate that the complex temporal evolution of transient events during sleep is highly stereotyped when viewed as a function of slow oscillation power (an objective, continuous metric of depth-of-sleep) and phase (a correlate of cortical up/down states). This two-fold power-phase representation has large intersubject variability—even within healthy controls—yet strong night-to-night stability for individuals, suggesting a robust basis for phenotyping. As a clinical application, we then analyze patients with schizophrenia, confirming established spindle (12–15 Hz) deficits as well as identifying novel differences in transient non-rapid eye movement events in low-alpha (7–10 Hz) and theta (4–6 Hz) ranges. Overall, these results offer an expanded view of transient activity, describing a broad class of events with properties varying continuously across spatial, temporal, and phase-coupling dimensions.
Sleep, time, and space—fatigue and performance deficits in pilots, commercial truck drivers, and astronauts
Authors: Maki Katherine A , Fink Anne M , Weaver Terri E 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSleep is essential for preventing fatigue in occupations that require sustained vigilance. We conducted a scoping review to synthesize knowledge about sleep, fatigue, and performance in pilots, commercial truck drivers, and astronauts. We found 28 studies where researchers objectively or subjectively measured sleep, fatigue, and performance. The research included laboratory-based (simulator) and field-based studies (i.e. real-world missions and a variety of shift-work schedules). Most researchers used actigraphy to measure sleep, and they found that ~6 hrs of sleep was common. The research also demonstrated how sleep duration and quality were negatively affected by schedule irregularity, early-morning start times, and high-risk missions (e.g. extravehicular activities in space). Collectively, the data demonstrated how shorter sleep durations, short off-duty time, and early-morning start times were associated with slower reaction times, more lapses in attention, and premature responses on psychomotor vigilance tests. Considering that few studies included polysomnography and circadian rhythm biomarkers, there remains limited knowledge about the effects of sleep microstructure and circadian rhythm alterations on performance abilities in these occupations. Future neurobiological and mechanistic discoveries will be important for enhancing vigilance, health, and safety for people working in the skies, on the roads, and in space.This paper is part of the David F. Dinges Festschrift Collection. This collection is sponsored by Pulsar Informatics and the Department of Psychiatry in the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.
Ambiguous Policy Paradigms in the Dutch Welfare State: A Gender-Blind Mix of Social Investment and Conservative Care
Authors: Goijaerts Janna 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Scholars often assume that policies fall harmoniously under the umbrella of one policy paradigm. Policies of the Dutch state conflict on the work–care dimension of the welfare state. The government wants to increase women’s labor participation, while also wanting a bigger slice of care services to be provided by citizens. These inconsistent policies have culminated in the decentralization of long-term care (LTC) in the Netherlands in 2015. I use a multi-level method including a discourse policy analysis and a focus group with a Q-method-inspired exercise to explore the policy paradigms and the policy context of the work–care dimension of the welfare state in the cabinet period of the LTC reform. This study finds that distinctive conservative care ideas color the social investment paradigm in the Netherlands and that different ministries adhere to different paradigms, explaining the inconsistent policies on the work–care dimension of the Dutch welfare state.