bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and efficacy of Pucotenlimab (HX008) - a Humanized Immunoglobulin G4 Monoclonal Antibody in patients with locally advanced or metastatic melanoma: a single-arm, multicenter, phase II study
Authors: Cui Chuanliang , Chen Yu , Luo Zhiguo , Zou Zhengyun , Jiang Yu , Pan Hongming , Fan Qingxia , Zhao Jianfu , Xu Qing , Jiang Renbing , Wang Xuan , Ma Taiyang , Guo Zhen , Si Lu , Chi Zhihong , Sheng Xinan , Dou Yiwei , Tan Qian , Wu Di , Guo Jun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Pucotenlimab is a novel recombinant humanized anti-PD-1 (Programmed death-1) monoclonal antibody, which belongs to the human IgG4/kappa subtype, and can selectively block the binding of PD-1 with its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2.Methods: In this phase 2 trial, patients with locally advanced or metastatic melanoma who had failed conventional treatment were recruited. The patients were administrated with Pucotenlimab of 3 mg/kg every 3 weeks until disease progression, intolerable toxicity, or treatment discontinuation for any other reasons. The primary endpoint was the overall response rate (ORR). The secondary endpoints were disease control rate (DCR), duration of response (DOR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicity.Results: One-hundred and nineteen patients were enrolled and followed up for 19.32 (ranging from 15.901 to 24.608) months by the cutoff date of July 30th, 2021. The ORR was 20.17% (24/119, 95% CI, 13.370%-28.506%) based on both independent review committee (IRC) and the investigator’s assessment per RECIST v1.1. The median PFS were 2.89 (95% CI, 2.037-4.074) months and 2.46 (95% CI, 2.004-4.008) months based on IRC and investigator’s assessment, respectively, per RECIST v1.1. The median OS was 16.59 (95% CI, 13.963-26.973) months. Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 77.3% (92/119) of the patients. The incidence of Grade ≥3 TRAEs was 15.1% (18/119). In addition, none of the patients died because of TRAEs. As for biomarker analysis, Eotaxin (CCL11) and MCP-1 (CCL2) were related to treatment response, while TNF-α and VEGF were related to treatment failure.Conclusions: Pucotenlimab as a ≥2nd line therapy showed promising efficacy and tolerable toxicity for patients with locally advanced or metastatic melanoma.Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT04749485 (registered retrospectively on 11/02/2021)
College Competitiveness and Medical School Exam Performance
Authors: Levy Joshua , Kausar Hiba , Patel Deepal , Andersen Shaun , Simanton Edward 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: In medical school, students are tested through periodic USMLE Step 1 and 2 examinations before obtaining a medical license. Traditional predictors of medical school performance include MCAT scores, undergraduate grades, and undergraduate institutional selectivity. Prior studies indicate that admissions committees might unfairly discriminate against applicants who graduated from less competitive universities. However, there is limited literature to determine whether those who attended competitive colleges perform better on USMLE Step 1 and 2 examinations. Objective: The purpose of our study is to determine if students who attended competitive undergraduate colleges outperform those who did not on medical school benchmarks. Methods: We defined a Competitive College as having greater than 10% of its student body scoring 1400 or higher (on a 1600 scale) on the SAT. If this criterion was not met, colleges would be categorized as Non-Competitive. Descriptive statistics and unpaired t-tests were calculated to analyze average test scores on the MCAT, Phase 1 NBME, USMLE Step 1, Phase 2 NBME, and USMLE Step 2. Results: Our findings suggest there are no statistically significant differences between students who do or do not attend competitive undergraduate colleges on these medical school benchmark examinations following the MCAT. Additionally, students who do not attend competitive undergraduate colleges may outperform their counterparts on USMLE Step 2. Conclusions: Admissions committees should use this data to aid in their student selection as our research indicates that institutional selectivity accurately predicts MCAT scores, but not performance on standardized medical school examinations once admitted.
Prevalence and Pattern of Mask Use and Its Relation to Morbidity and Mortality of Covid-19 in Tabriz City
Authors: Daraee Neda , Sarbakhsh Parvin , Akbari Hossein , Dorosti Abbasali , Mohammadpoorasl Asghar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Using personal protective equipment, including masks, is one of the most important ways to prevent coronavirus. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and pattern of mask use and its relation to morbidity and mortality of Covid-19 in different area of Tabriz city.Methods: In this population-based study 6,600 pedestrians were selected by multi-stage proportional sampling method in 9 areas of Tabriz in 2021 in Tabriz. The data was collected using the observation method. For each subject, gender, approximate age, mask usage, type of mask and correct or incorrect use were recorded. The data of morbidity and mortality of Covid-19 for six months (from 21 March 2021 to 22 September 2021) were obtained from Integrated Syndromic Surveillance System (ISSS). Results: The overall prevalence rate of facial mask use was 56.8% (95% CI: 55.56 – 57.95). Out of 3421 men, 1599 (46.7%; 95%CI: 45.1-48.4) and out of 3179 women, 2147 (67.5%; 95%CI: 65.9-69.2) were use face mask (P<0.001). The correlation of prevalence of mask use and morbidity(r=0.375, P=0.320) and mortality (r=0.219, P=0.571) were not statistically significant. Conclusion: We conclude that the use of face masks in Tabriz is relatively low, especially among males and young people. There was no significant relationship was observed between the use of the mask in pedestrians, morbidity and mortality due to covid-19.
Impact of Health Financing on Maternal Mortality in Zimbabwe (2010-2019)
Authors: Nyabani Prosper 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Maternal mortality Ratio (MMR) is an important sentinel indicator of health of a nation and a proxy for women’s health in any nation. MMR remains high in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA), Zimbabwe included and various factors has been postulated to explain this phenomenon. Research on the effect of health care financing on MMR in Africa shows varied results across nations. As such it is imperative to conduct robust empirical analysis of the determinants of MMR in Zimbabwe.
Methods
This paper attempts to ascertain the effects of health care financing on MMR in Zimbabwe using the ordinary least square (OLS) regression model, utilising data from the World Bank, for the period 2010 to 2019.
Discussion
This study found that government health expenditure and out of pocket expenditure were significant predictors of MMR, whereas external health expenditure was not found to be statistically significant in influencing MMR. The model had high explanatory power, with R-squared of 0.972 and high predictive power, with R-squared adjusted 0.958 at 5% significance level. This study found that 97, 2% of variation in maternal mortality is explained by government expenditure on health per capita, out of pocket expenditure and external health expenditure. Further, government health expenditure had a positive effect on MMR whereas out of pocket expenditure was found to have a negative impact on MMR at 5% level of significance. As such this study shows that a unit change in maternal mortality is explained by a 0.02 unit drop in government health per capita expenditure, ceteris paribus. Additionally, a unit change in maternal mortality corresponds to a 3.1 unit change in out of pocket per capita expenditure, holding other things constant. However, external health funding was not found to be significant in affecting MMR.
Conclusions
To ensure attainment of SGD3 of good health and wellbeing, this study infers that increased governemnt health financing and reduced out of pocket expenditure reduces MMR. As such it is imperative for Government of Zimbabwe to explore innovative domestic health financing, such as sin tax could expand the fiscal space and scale up financial risk protection efforts such as mandatory health insurance could be explored. This will address the challenge posed by user fees at the point of accessing health care, which are fuelling out of pocket expenditure (OOP), and increase access to institutional delivery attended by skilled and trained health workers, thus contribute to the significant reduction of MMR.
Factors associated with overall survival, progression-free survival and toxicity in patients with small cell lung cancer and thoracic irradiation in a clinical real-world setting
Authors: Kassik Marie-Theres , Vordermark Dirk , Medenwald Daniel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
BackgroundSmall-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a malignant tumor known for its poor prognosis. In addition to chemotherapy and immunotherapy irradiation plays a big role especially in inoperability. This study evaluated prognostic factors in patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), receiving chemotherapy and thoracic irradiation, that may affect overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and toxicity.MethodsPatients with limited disease (LD) SCLC (n = 57) and extensive disease (ED) SCLC (n = 69) who received thoracic radiotherapy were analyzed retrospectively. The prognostic factors sex, age, Karnofsky performance status (KPS), tumor-, nodal-stage and timepoint of start of irradiation in relation to the first cycle of chemotherapy were evaluated. Start of irradiation was stratified as early (≤ 2 cycles of chemotherapy), late (3 or 4 cycles) and very late (≥ 5 cycles). Results were analyzed by Cox univariate and multivariate as well as logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe median OS of LD-SCLC patients was 23.7 months in early, and 22.0 months in late start of irradiation. In very late start, median OS was not reached. PFS was 11.8, 15.2 and 47.9 months, respectively. In patients with ED-SCLC OS was 4.3 months in early, 13.0 months in late and 12.2 months in very late start of irradiation. PFS was 6.7, 13.0 and 12.2 months, respectively. Prognosis of patients with LD- or ED-SCLC receiving late or very late start of irradiation was significantly prolonged in OS and PFS compared to an early start (p < 0.05). KPS ≥ 80 shows a significant increase of OS and PFS in ED-SCLC. Female sex and smaller mean lung dose were associated with lower risk of toxicity.ConclusionLate or very late start of irradiation is a prognosis-enhancing factor in LD-SCLC and ED-SCLC for OS and PFS. KPS ≥ 80 increases prognosis of OS and PFS in ED-SCLC as well. Toxicity is less common in female sex and patients with low mean lung dose in LD-SCLC.
Diagnostic model of Kawasaki disease constructed by a novel feature selection strategy from comprehensive sets of transcriptomic data
Authors: Yujiao Ye , Xuehong Ji , Guixia Li , Yuanli Wang , Xianmin Wang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The etiology of Kawasaki disease is unknown, and the lack of specific markers and diagnostic models makes the diagnosis of some cases difficult. In this study, we use bioinformatics methods with better stability and discrimination ability to identify Kawasaki disease-related characteristic genes, mine potential pathogenic and diagnostic markers of Kawasaki disease, and build a Kawasaki disease diagnostic model. A bioinformatics analysis based on publicly accessible microarray data was performed. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between patients with KD and healthy controls were identified firstly. Functional enrichment analysis of biological process and signaling pathway for the DEGs was then carried out, followed by construction of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. Then, a KD diagnosis model based on recursive feature elimination of support vector machines (RFE-SVM) and general gradient boosting model (GBM) was constructed, and its diagnostic effect was verified. The diagnostic model constructed by this method has a very high diagnostic performance (99.6%), and the single-gene diagnostic performance of the 9 candidate diagnosis-related genes screened out shows high AUC values (the lowest 89%) in both the training set and the test set. This method has high stability and accuracy in screening specific diagnosis-related genes.
Cognitive aging and categorical representations in visual working memory
Authors: Zhou Cherie , Lorist Monicque M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA traditional view on cognitive aging is that visual working memory (VWM) capacity declines in older adults. Recent work has shown that visual information can be stored in VWM in different forms of representations. Specifically, VWM becomes more reliant on categorical representations as compared to continuous representations as memory load increases. Here, we replicated these findings and tested whether this holds for older adults. Participants memorized one to four colors; after a delay, an arrow pointed at the location of the color that needed to be reported. We used an extended mixture model to examine the extent to which memory responses were biased in the direction of the category prototypes. Our results showed that for both younger and older adults, VWM became more biased towards category prototypes with increasing memory load. Importantly, we found no difference in the extent to which VWM was biased towards category prototypes between younger and older adults. However, older adults showed an overall lower precision as compared to younger adults. Taken together, our results demonstrated that both younger and older adults became more reliant on categorical representations with increasing memory load; importantly, the extent to which categorical representations were involved in maintaining VWM information was insensitive to age.
Identification of key genes associated with cell cycle in ER+ breast cancer by bioinformatic analysis
Authors: Wang Zi , Zhao Meng , Yan Ran , Ren Li 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study aims to screen crucial genes associated with cell cycle in ER+ breast cancer through analyzing TCGA-BRCA, GSE45827 and GSE42568 datasets. Based on the screening of the differentially expressed genes, pathway enrichment was performed by pathfindR. Then we found five shared enriched pathways existing across all datasets, including Cell cycle, Fanconi anemia pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, ErbB signaling pathway and Ras signaling pathway. Up-regulated genes associated with cell-cycle control system are more likely to be therapeutic targets for breast cancer treatment. We overlapped the up-regulated genes involved in cell-cycle regulation in each dataset, resulting in identification of the 16 key genes strongly connected to cell cycle. PPI was constructed and then hub genes were predicted, including BUB1B, BUB3, MCM4, MAD2L1, ESPL1, CDC7, PTTG1, TTK, CCND1 and CCNB2. Expressions of the hub genes were associated with short relapse-free survival for ER+ breast cancer. Taken together, we identified the hub genes associated with cell cycle in ER+ breast cancer and they may be effective biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Comparison of IDA and multicomponent IDA-based fragility analysis
Authors: Soltani Mohsen , Amirabadi Rouhollah , Sharifi Mahdi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The results of the fragility analysis of important structures depend on the accuracy of structural analysis. Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) and multicomponent IDA (MIDA) are commonly-used structural analysis methods for the seismic assessment of structures. The present paper aims to evaluate the seismic performance of a structure with high seismic vulnerability using IDA and MIDA-based fragility analysis. A numerical model was used to model a typical wharf. Next, Pushover analysis, IDA, and MIDA along randomly-selected incident angles were performed. The results of each analysis were converted to a response surface by extrapolation. The response surface presented the zones, which included the critical responses. The difference between the response surface of MIDA and IDA at the global instability was approximately 38%. Further, the fragility surfaces of IDA and MIDA results were developed. The critical zones presented by MIDA and IDA fragility surfaces were not identical, particularly at the serviceability limit state. There was a difference of 11% and 20% between MIDA and IDA fragility surfaces, where the responses exceeded the reparability and near collapse limit state, respectively. The results showed that implementing the developed form of IDA (MIDA) could optimize the input data of fragility analysis for structures with high seismic vulnerability.
TA-Fe(III) complex coated PS nanospheres for non-iridescent structural coloration of cotton fabric
Authors: Zhu Xiaowei , Wei Tianchen , Li Yijiang , Li Yichen , Xing Tieling , Shawkey Matthew D. , Chen Guoqiang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Photonic structures constructed from colloidal nanospheres present an attractive prospect for structural coloration in an ecological manner. However, the application of structural color in the field of textile coloration is usually blocked by their uncorrelated scattered light and feeble mechanical properties. Here, a non-iridescent structural color coating with high color saturation and mechanical stability is developed by assembling PS@TA-Fe(III) core-shell nanospheres. The rough surface and low surface charge are favorable for forming amorphous colloid arrays (ACAs) by restricting the crystalline alignment during the assembly process, resulting in non-iridescent structural colors. In addition, the as-prepared structurally colored cotton fabric possess high color saturation and mechanical stability thanks to the intense light absorption and interface adhesion of the TA-Fe(III) shell. The preparation approach of this structural color coating is facile, low-cost, and environment-friendly, showing promising applications in textile coloration and smart display.
Clinical practice guideline adaptation for risk-based caries management in 18- 55 years old Iranian adults
Authors: Pakdaman Afsaneh , Gholizadeh Narges , Eshrati Mahsa , Kharazifard Mohammad Javad 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To adapt an evidence based clinical practice guideline (CPG) for risk-based management of caries in 18-55 years old Iranian adults.Methods: A multidisciplinary adaptation team reviewed evidence-based guidelines such as NICE, SIGN, and ADA according to the defined clinical questions. In addition, databases such as PubMed and google scholar were searched and CPGs were screened and appraised employing AGREE II (Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II) tool. Clinical scenarios were developed and their level of evidence, clinical advantage and adaptability was assessed. Following a two-round of ranking by experts, final recommendations were selected using RAND-UCLA appropriateness method.Results: Of 17 guides, 5 CPGs were selected as source adaptation guidelines. For assessing risk of caries in adult population, reduced Cariogram (without saliva tests) and CAMBRA were selected. In addition, adaptation team recommended 53 risk-based recommendations on preventive measures, operative intervention threshold and follow up intervals for Iranian adults.Conclusions: Our study demonstrated an adapted guide for risk-based management of tooth decay in Iranian adults. This helps local dentists in decision making and promoting oral health of adults. Further research on the feasibility of the adapted guideline in Iranian population is needed.
High fat diet induces brain injury and neuronal apoptosis via down-regulating 3-β hydroxycholesterol 24 reductase (DHCR24)
Authors: Lu Ziyin , Wang Haozhen , Zhang Xiujin , Huang Xiuting , Jiang Shan , Lu Chen , Bing Gao , Xiuli Lu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Hyperlipidemia (HLP) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, its pathological molecular mechanism remained unclear. 3β-hydroxysterol Δ24- reductase (DHCR24), a key enzyme in the last step of cholesterol synthesis, has been reported to decrease in the affected areas in the brain of AD patients. In this study, hyperlipidemic mouse model was established to study the effect of high blood lipid on brain. The data obtained from HPLC analysis demonstrated that the cholesterol level in brain of mice with hyperlipidemia was noticeably elevated compared to the control conditions. While the pathological damages were observed in both cerebral cortex and hippocampus in the brain of hyperlipidemic mice. Furthermore, the protein level of DHCR24 was downregulated accompanied by elevated ubiquitination level in the hyperlipidemic mice brain. The mouse neuroblastoma cells N2a were exposed to the excess cholesterol loading, the cells underwent apoptosis and the gene and protein of DHCR24 in cholesterol-loaded N2a cells were significantly reduced. In addition, the golden indexes of endoplasmic reticulum stress, BOP and ROP, increased significantly in response to the cholesterol loading. More importantly, overexpression of DHCR24 in N2a reversed neuronal apoptosis induced by the cholesterol loading. Conclusively, these findings suggested that hyperlipidemia could cause brain tissue injuries via down-regulating DHCR24, and overexpression of DHCR24 may alleviate hyperlipidemia-induced neuronal cells damage by reversing the endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis.
Echo State Network Optimization: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Soltani Rebh , Benmohamed Emna , Ltifi Hela 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In the recent years, numerous studies have demonstrated the importance and efficiency of Reservoir Computing (RC) approaches. The choice of parameters and architecture in reservoir computing, on the other hand, frequently leads to an optimization task. This paper attempts to present an overview of the related work on Echo State Network (ESN) optimization and to collect research papers through a systematic Literature Review (SLR). This review covers 74 items published since 2004 and 2021 that are concerned with the issue of our focus. The collected papers are selected, analysed and reported. The results indicate that there are two techniques of parameters optimization (bio-inspired and non-bio-inspired methods) have been extensively used for various reasons. But the bio-inspired ones are the greatest. The potential use of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has also been noted. A significant portion of the research done in this field focuses on the study of reservoirs and how they behave in relation to their unique qualities. In order to test reservoirs with varied parameters, topologies, or training techniques, NARMA, the Mackey glass, and Lorenz time-series prediction dataset are the most commonly employed in the literature. This research debate diverse point of view about ESN's hyper-parameter optimization, metrics, datasets, evaluation measures, and bio-inspired and non-bio-inspired techniques, this paper identifies and explores a number of research gaps.