bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thick-Panel Origami Tubes With Hexagonal Cross-Sections
Authors: Lv Weilin , Chen Yan , Zhang Jianjun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Rigidly foldable origami tubes can be kinematically regarded as assemblies of spherical linkages. They have exhibited excellent properties for deployable structures. Yet, for the engineering applications, the corresponding thick-panel forms have to be designed. In this paper, the spherical 4R linkages in tubes with hexagonal cross-sections are partially replaced by spatial linkages, leading to a method to construct the thick-panel tubes, which can reproduce kinematic motions equivalent to those realized using zero-thickness origami. Based on the D–H matrix method, the rotational symmetric and symmetric tubes are introduced, together with their four types of vertexes, where the specific spherical 4R linkages are replaced by Bennett and Bricard linkages to obtain the thick-panel foldable tubes. The approach can be applied to multilayered tubes with a straight or curved profile, whose manufacture can be simplified by removing extra links. The results can be readily utilized to the design of deployable tubular structures whose thickness cannot be disregarded.
Impacts of Pin Fin Shape and Spacing on Heat Transfer and Pressure Losses
Authors: Corbett Thomas M. , Thole Karen A. , Bollapragada Sudhakar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) provides designers with the freedom to implement many designs that previously would have been costly or difficult to traditionally manufacture. This experimental study leverages this freedom and evaluates several different pin shapes integrated into pin fin arrays of a variety of spacings. Test coupons were manufactured out of Hastelloy-X using direct metal laser sintering and manufacturer-recommended process parameters. After manufacturing, internal surface roughness and as-built accuracy were quantified using Computed Tomography (CT) scans. Results indicated that pin fins were all moderately undersized, and there was significant surface roughness on all interior surfaces. Experimental data indicated that diamond-shaped pins were found to have the highest heat transfer of the tested shapes, but triangle-shaped pins pointed into the flow incurred the smallest pressure drop. Modifications to the streamwise spacing of the pins had little impact on the friction factor, but did increase heat transfer with increasing pin density. Prior Nusselt number correlations found in literature underestimated heat transfer and pressure loss relative to what was measured resulting from the AM roughness. A new correlation was developed accounting for AM roughness on pin fin arrays.
Toward a Theory of Sportswashing: Mega-Events, Soft Power, and Political Conflict
Authors: Boykoff Jules 
Published: October 2022

Sportswashing has emerged full force in the 21st century, highlighting the gap between word and deed in the sports world. Yet, the term suffers from definitional imprecision and is often applied solely to autocratic hosts. This article offers a robust definition of sportswashing and—building from the soft-power approach to analyzing mega-events like the Olympics and World Cup—creates a sportswashing typology. This paper offers four advances in conceptualizing sportswashing: (a) the practice is not just the domain of autocrats, but can emerge in democracies as well; (b) domestic audiences are crucial to understanding the political complexities of sportswashing; (c) sportswashing often sets the stage for military intervention; and (d) new forms of sportswashing are emerging, with authoritarian regimes funding teams and events in democratic states.
Modified Zakharov–Kuznetsov Equation for Describing Low-Frequency Nonlinear Perturbations in Plasma of the Dusty Moon Exosphere
Authors: Kassem A. I. , Kopnin S. I. , Popel S. I. , Zelenyi L. M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The nonlinear equation is obtained describing the dynamics of nonlinear wave structures in the dusty plasma above the illuminated surface of the Moon in the case of low frequencies and pancake-like shape of wave packet in the direction along the external magnetic field. This equation is the modified Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation. The analytical formula for the one-dimensional soliton solution is derived. The analysis of the stability of one-dimensional soliton solution was performed.
Tag7–Mts1 Complex Activates Chemotaxis of Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Ivanova O. K. , Sharapova T. N. , Romanova E. A. , Sashchenko L. P. , Yashin D. V. , Georgiev G. P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
One of the basic features of immune system is the ability to sustain balance between activation and suppression of effector lymphocytes. In this process a key role belongs to the subpopulation of cells called regulatory T cells (Treg). Many cancer and autoimmune diseases are caused by malfunctions of Treg, and investigation of this subpopulation is important for development of new therapeutic approaches. In this study, we demonstrate that regulatory T cells can migrate along the concentration gradient of Tag7–Mts1 complex, and also they produce agents that induce blood cells migration.
North American Midcontinent Pennsylvanian cyclothems and their implications
Authors: Heckel Philip H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Cyclothems are stratigraphic sequences deposited during glacial-eustatic transgressive–regressive inundations of land. Major cyclothems are most complete on lower shelves and become separated by exposure surfaces higher on the shelf. Minor cyclothems extend only onto lower shelves or are parasequences reflecting a reversal of sea level during general phases of transgression or regression. In Midcontinent North America, highstand condensed intervals of major cyclothems are conodont-rich black shales correlated eastwards into the Illinois and Appalachian basins. The number of cyclothems decreased by loss of lesser cyclothems across these basins, signifying an eastwards increase in their depositional elevations. Generalized palaeogeographical maps show that facies successions developed across these basins during a single major interglacial transgression and regression. The control of glacial eustasy by the interaction of Earth's orbital parameters, along with radiometric dating, allows subdivision of the cyclothem succession into
c.
400 kyr groupings, which reflect the longest eccentricity cycle and facilitates global correlation. Delineation of the basinward extents of regression from the disappearance of exposure surfaces elucidates the history of basin-margin development. Major cyclothems that underwent reversals of general sea-level trend display ‘splays’ of lesser cycles onto the higher shelf. Geochemical cycles ‘nested’ within deepest-water shales on low shelves appear as thin nearshore facies between exposure surfaces at their high-shelf shorelines.
Dysregulated Genes, MicroRNAs, Biological Pathways, and Gastrocnemius Muscle Fiber Types Associated With Progression of Peripheral Artery Disease: A Preliminary Analysis
Authors: Saini Sunil K. , Pérez‐Cremades Daniel , Cheng Henry S. , Kosmac Kate , Peterson Charlotte A , Li Lingyu , Tian Lu , Dong Gengfu , Wu Kevin K. , Bouverat Brian , Wohlgemuth Stephanie E. , Ryan Terence , Sufit Robert L. , Ferrucci Luigi , McDermott Mary M. , Leeuwenburgh Christiaan , Feinberg Mark W. 
Published: October 2022

Background
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is associated with gastrocnemius muscle abnormalities. However, the biological pathways associated with gastrocnemius muscle dysfunction and their associations with progression of PAD are largely unknown. This study characterized differential gene and microRNA (miRNA) expression in gastrocnemius biopsies from people without PAD compared with those with PAD. Participants with PAD included those with and without PAD progression.

Methods and Results
mRNA and miRNA sequencing were performed to identify differentially expressed genes, differentially expressed miRNAs, mRNA‐miRNA interactions, and associated biological pathways for 3 sets of comparisons: (1) PAD progression (n=7) versus non‐PAD (n=7); (2) PAD no progression (n=6) versus non‐PAD; and (3) PAD progression versus PAD no progression. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine gastrocnemius muscle fiber types and muscle fiber size. Differentially expressed genes and differentially expressed miRNAs were more abundant in the comparison of PAD progression versus non‐PAD compared with PAD with versus without progression. Among the top significant cellular pathways in subjects with PAD progression were muscle contraction or development, transforming growth factor‐beta, growth/differentiation factor, and activin signaling, inflammation, cellular senescence, and notch signaling. Subjects with PAD progression had increased frequency of smaller Type 2a gastrocnemius muscle fibers in exploratory analyses.

Conclusions
Humans with PAD progression exhibited greater differences in the number of gene and miRNA expression, biological pathways, and Type 2a muscle fiber size compared with those without PAD. Fewer differences were observed between people with PAD without progression and control patients without PAD. Further study is needed to confirm whether the identified transcripts may serve as potential biomarkers for diagnosis and progression of PAD.
Central Nervous System Actions of Leptin Improve Cardiac Function After Ischemia–Reperfusion: Roles of Sympathetic Innervation and Sex Differences
Authors: Omoto Ana C. M. , do Carmo Jussara M. , Nelson Benjamin , Aitken Nikaela , Dai Xuemei , Moak Sydney , Flynn Elizabeth , Wang Zhen , Mouton Alan J. , Li Xuan , Hall John E. , da Silva Alexandre A. 
Published: October 2022

Background
Therapeutic strategies for preventing paradoxical reperfusion injury after myocardial ischemia are limited. We tested whether central nervous system actions of leptin induce important protective effects on cardiac function and metabolism after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, the role of cardiac sympathetic innervation in mediating these effects, and whether there are major sex differences in the cardioprotective effects of chronic central nervous system leptin infusion.

Methods and Results

Myocardial I/R was induced by temporary ligation of the left descending coronary artery in male and female Wistar rats instrumented with intracerebroventricular cannula in the lateral ventricle. Vehicle or leptin (0.62 μg/h) infusion was started immediately after reperfusion and continued for 28 days using osmotic minipumps connected to the intracerebroventricular cannula. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography, ventricular pressures, and exercise performance. Intracerebroventricular leptin treatment markedly attenuated cardiac dysfunction post‐I/R as evidenced by improved ejection fraction (56.7±1.9 versus 22.6%±1.1%), maximal rate of left ventricle rise (11 680±2122 versus 5022±441 mm Hg) and exercise performance (−4.2±7.9 versus −68.2±3.8 Δ%) compared with vehicle‐treated rats. Intracerebroventricular leptin infusion reduced infarct size in females, but not males, when compared with ad‐lib fed or pair‐fed saline‐treated rats. Intracerebroventricular leptin treatment also increased cardiac NAD
+
/NADH content (≈10‐fold) and improved mitochondrial function when compared with vehicle treatment. Cervical ganglia denervation did not attenuate the cardiac protective effects of leptin after I/R injury.

Conclusions
These data indicate that leptin, via its central nervous system actions, markedly improves overall heart function and mitochondrial metabolism after I/R injury regardless of sex, effects that are largely independent of cardiac sympathetic innervation.
The Person of the State: The Anthropomorphic Subject of the Law of Nations
Authors: Strobeyko Adam 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The analogy between the natural individual and the ‘person’ of the State has played an important role in the development of the law of nations. The early modern theorists of the law of nations have employed various anthropomorphic vocabularies in order to describe the State and to explain the functioning of international legal obligations. This article traces the role of anthropomorphic assumptions about the State in the writings of Hobbes, Pufendorf, Wolff and Vattel. It compares different conceptualizations of personhood of the State and traces the transition towards the view of the State as an autonomous subject of a distinct set of rights and duties under the law of nations. Finally, the article invites the audience in international law to re-examine our disciplinary conceptualizations of the person of the State as the subject of international legal obligations.
Justice and Negotiation: Themes and Directions
Authors: Druckman Daniel , Wagner Lynn 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This article examines how justice concerns arise during various stages of negotiation with attention paid to contending principles of procedural, distributive, and transitional justice. We review key themes raised by contributors to this special issue. The themes reveal that justice has many facets and surfaces in many contexts. The facets include the role played by voice, the utility of universal definitions of justice, the use of morality arguments, the salience of the equality principle, and the challenges of complex negotiating forums. The contexts vary from single to multiple case analyses. Looking forward, we suggest a number of issues for further research. These include the voice versus exit debate, culturally-sensitive definitions of justice, different forms taken by equality, and how best to develop the skills needed for implementing justice principles. These are a sampling of the issues that pave the way for future scholarship on the role of justice in negotiation.
In Search of a Future
Authors: Akung Jonas Egbudu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The contemporary Nigerian novel is much about the accentuation of the theme of despair, drawing on issues of unemployment, harsh economic realities, political crises, insurgency and corruption. It also explores this despondence and the search for a better life. The choice of Chika Unigwe’s On Black Sisters’ Street and Adaobi Tricia Nwaubani’s I Do Not Come to You by Chance illustrates this point. The paper explores the despair that the youths encounter in the face of changing times and the struggle to scale through the despair. The critical textual analysis undertaken in this article reveals that lack of gainful employment has caused the youths in On Black Sister’s Street to flee the country in search of greener pastures where they are forced to work as prostitutes. The protagonists of the two novels are caught in one web of despair, but have the hope of leading a better life. The novels illuminate how despite the characters’ predicament, they are ready as well as willing to press on in order to change their precarious situations. This tenacity of hope serves as the novelistic vision of the authors.
Basic Education for All
Authors: Riekkinen Mariya , Riekkinen Pekka 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We study how the principle of equal opportunity is reflected in national laws on implementing the right to free and compulsory basic education in Finland and Russia (those being the 1998 Basic Education Act in Finland and the 2012 Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” in Russia). We pursue to find answers to the following question: which elements comprising the principle of equality of educational opportunity are manifested in two laws under review, notwithstanding the significant differences in legal traditions and the respective approaches to equality in two states under consideration. The accuracy of our analysis is based on the existing universal “four A’s scale” of education for all, set forth by the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, i.e., availability, acceptability, accessibility, and adaptability.
Animacy-Based Verbal Agreement in Israeli Haredi Yiddish
Authors: Assouline Dalit 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The article presents the first evidence of the emergence of a new animacy-based verbal agreement pattern in Israeli Haredi Yiddish. A study of recordings from the years 2017–2020 reveals that plural verbal agreement is always maintained with animate plural nominal subjects, but it is usually lost with inanimate plural nominal subjects. It is suggested that this linguistic change may be supported by the sociolinguistic setting of Israeli Haredi Yiddish speakers.
‘Two Homelands and None’: Belonging, Alienation, and Everyday Citizenship with the Expatriated Greeks of Turkey
Authors: Halstead Huw 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
For the expatriated Greeks of Istanbul and Imbros – some of whom have Greek citizenship, some Turkish – citizenship is neither an irrelevance nor a panacea. Turkish citizenship provided limited protection for ethnic Greeks in Turkey, and Greek citizenship could only go so far to ease the burdens of their ultimate emigration to Greece. Moreover, their expressions of self and identity are altogether more complicated and malleable than the apparent fixity and dichotomousness of statism. Nevertheless, citizenship looms large in their experiences, in both pragmatic and affective dimensions. The acquisition, loss and performance of citizenship – even the very materiality of identity documents – are intimately connected to expatriate efforts to navigate the everyday experience of migration and belonging. Whilst the significance of citizenship thus goes far beyond mere words on an official document, these formal aspects of citizenship are nevertheless a part of, not something apart from, the lived experience of citizenship.
Does Citizenship Matter? The Case of the Aleut Relocation During the Second World War in Alaska
Authors: Madden Ryan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this article I argue that despite the rhetoric and activism of Aleuts, and others, the limits of citizenship during and after the relocation led to an utter failure to properly protect them. However, they were exposed to Alaska Native political action during their time away from the Islands which would give them ammunition to seek better treatment and ultimately redress and an apology from the American government. The article first explains why the relocation occurred, followed by an explanation of the Russian impacts on the Aleut and the eventual path to American citizenship, an analysis of the Aleut reactions to the conditions they encountered, and finally how Aleuts protested their plight with the sounding board of citizenship. An important component of the article are the words of Aleuts themselves which serve as a corrective history to government accounts.
The Media and Global Imagination: Mediagraphy as a Multimodal Learning Activity in Higher Education
Authors: Schofield Daniel , Carvajal Paulina 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This article explores how higher education students express their worldviews and sense of belonging based on a study on mediagraphy as a learning activity. Empirical data are drawn from a study conducted in 2020 with master’s students (n=25, aged 20–30 years) in a Norwegian university. The students collected data from family members and produced short digital stories about their own daily lives juxtaposed against the daily lives of three earlier generations. The mediagraphies were analyzed by narrative analysis in a process of reflexive interpretation. A key finding is how the stories involve global imagination, a mode of thought that entails envisioning the world, placing oneself in it, and relating to other people on a global level. To give a coherent insight into the mediagraphy project, a clip accompanies the article, presenting one student’s mediagraphy. The findings show that, as a learning activity, mediagraphy can potentially be a bridge between everyday experiences and academic discussions related to media influence, ethics, and literacy.
Tackling Human Trafficking in Governments Supply Chains: Legal Certainty and Effectiveness Issues Under the Australian Commonwealth Procurement Rules Model
Authors: Amanze Miriam , Cahill Dermot , Evans Ceri 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInternational organisations emphasise how Governments around the world must use the public procurement process to aid a global drive to eliminate human trafficking in their supply chains. In this significant and original contribution, the authors examine a leading procurement model, the Australian Commonwealth Procurement Rules (CPR), for the purpose of examining whether the CPR model satisfies the necessary standards of Legal Certainty and Effectiveness for addressing the risk of trafficking occurring in public sector supply chains. The research generates new insights for countries seeking to tackle trafficking via public procurement systems and identifies pitfalls for countries to avoid if seeking to emulate the Australia CPR model, making appropriate reference to US and UK models where appropriate. The authors demonstrate how key elements of the CPR model fail to provide for the required degree of Legal Certainty and Effectiveness to tackle trafficking. System failure is demonstrated by analysis of the CPR, showing either how key CPR provisions fail to satisfy these 2 key tests, or because there is a complete absence of appropriate provisions to comprehensively deal with the risk of trafficking in public sector supply chains. This article should serve not only as a guide to countries yet to address human rights considerations in their public procurement supply chains, but also as a blueprint for countries around the world seeking to re-evaluate whether existingprovisions in their domestic procurement frameworks are fit to tackle the global scourge of trafficking in public supply chains.
False Generosity: A Freirean Reflection on Food Aid and Lima’s Comedores Populares
Authors: Renkert Sarah Rachelle 
Published: October 2022

Paulo Freire is known for his liberatory approach to education. Less discussed are his reflections on charitable giving, aid, and welfare programs, which he criticizes for their “false generosity.” He argues that superficially generous acts of giving are often false in that they serve to uphold uneven power dynamics and the economic status quo, maintaining the oppressed in a position of manipulability and dependency. The distribution of aid by populist state actors is often rife with paternalistic false generosity, allowing politicians to use their positions of power to reap benefits from recipients. Peru’s state-sponsored comedores populares (communal kitchens that distribute state-subsidized food aid) have employed false generosity to build political loyalty in seeking to control an unpaid labor force that maintains a seemingly benevolent image of the generous state. Paulo Freire es conocido por su liberador enfoque en torno a la educación. Menos discutidas son sus reflexiones sobre las donaciones caritativas, la ayuda y los programas de bienestar, asuntos que criticó como basados en una “falsa generosidad”. Según él, los actos caritativos superficialmente generosos a menudo resultan falsos en tanto permiten conservar una dinámica de poder desigual y el status quo económico, manteniendo a los oprimidos en una posición de manipulabilidad y dependencia. La distribución de la ayuda por parte de actores estatales populistas a menudo está plagada de una falsa generosidad paternalista, asunto que permite a los políticos usar su posición de poder para obtener beneficios de quienes la reciben. Los comedores populares patrocinados por el Estado en Perú (cocinas comunales que distribuyen ayuda alimentaria subsidiada por el gobierno) han empleado dicha falsa generosidad para construir lealtad política en un intento por controlar una fuerza laboral no remunerada y mantener, a la vez, una imagen aparentemente benevolente de un Estado generoso.