bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sizing of a stand-alone PV–wind–battery–diesel hybrid energy system and optimal combination using a particle swarm optimization algorithm
Authors: El Boujdaini Latifa , Mezrhab Ahmed , Moussaoui Mohammed Amine , Jurado Francisco , Vera David 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the main objective is the simulation of the electric supply for homes in remote areas located in Morocco (Oujda and Ouarzazate), Spain (Granada), and Algeria (Bechar). This simulation study is divided into two ideas, the first one is to optimize the hybrid system under a varied number of houses and the second part is to fix it in chosen values. This work relied on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) method to optimize and analyze the proposed stand-alone photovoltaic/wind/diesel/battery hybrid system. MATLAB software is used to run the simulations and to carry out the optimal solutions of the optimized system using a developed PSO algorithm. The PSO approach contains five principal operator axes, which are problem definition, PSO initial parameters, initialization, PSO main loop, and then run of the algorithm. Optimizing the system component sizes and reaching the minimum cost of energy (COE) were the function objectives of this optimization study. Moreover, calculation of the hydrogen production from the generated energy by PV and wind systems is performed.
A deep learning masked segmentation alternative to manual segmentation in biparametric MRI prostate cancer radiomics
Authors: Bleker Jeroen , Kwee Thomas C. , Rouw Dennis , Roest Christian , Borstlap Jaap , de Jong Igle Jan , Dierckx Rudi A. J. O. , Huisman Henkjan , Yakar Derya 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To determine the value of a deep learning masked (DLM) auto-fixed volume of interest (VOI) segmentation method as an alternative to manual segmentation for radiomics-based diagnosis of clinically significant (CS) prostate cancer (PCa) on biparametric magnetic resonance imaging (bpMRI).

Materials and methods
This study included a retrospective multi-center dataset of 524 PCa lesions (of which 204 are CS PCa) on bpMRI. All lesions were both semi-automatically segmented with a DLM auto-fixed VOI method (averaging < 10 s per lesion) and manually segmented by an expert uroradiologist (averaging 5 min per lesion). The DLM auto-fixed VOI method uses a spherical VOI (with its center at the location of the lowest apparent diffusion coefficient of the prostate lesion as indicated with a single mouse click) from which non-prostate voxels are removed using a deep learning–based prostate segmentation algorithm. Thirteen different DLM auto-fixed VOI diameters (ranging from 6 to 30 mm) were explored. Extracted radiomics data were split into training and test sets (4:1 ratio). Performance was assessed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Results
In the test set, the area under the ROC curve (AUCs) of the DLM auto-fixed VOI method with a VOI diameter of 18 mm (0.76 [95% CI: 0.66–0.85]) was significantly higher (p = 0.0198) than that of the manual segmentation method (0.62 [95% CI: 0.52–0.73]).

Conclusions
A DLM auto-fixed VOI segmentation can provide a potentially more accurate radiomics diagnosis of CS PCa than expert manual segmentation while also reducing expert time investment by more than 97%.

Key Points
• Compared to traditional expert-based segmentation, a deep learning mask (DLM) auto-fixed VOI placement is more accurate at detecting CS PCa.
• Compared to traditional expert-based segmentation, a DLM auto-fixed VOI placement is faster and can result in a 97% time reduction.
• Applying deep learning to an auto-fixed VOI radiomics approach can be valuable.
Systemic-pulmonary collateral supply associated with clinical severity of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: a study using intra-aortic computed tomography angiography
Authors: Sun Wenyu , Ota Hideki , Sato Haruka , Yamamoto Saori , Tatebe Shunsuke , Aoki Tatsuo , Sugimura Koichiro , Tominaga Junya , Shimokawa Hiroaki , Ueda Takuya , Takase Kei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To assess whether systemic-pulmonary collaterals are associated with clinical severity and extent of pulmonary perfusion defects in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH).

Methods
This prospective study was approved by a local ethics committee. Twenty-four patients diagnosed with inoperable CTEPH were enrolled between July 2014 and February 2017. Systemic-pulmonary collaterals were detected using pulmonary vascular enhancement on intra-aortic computed tomography (CT) angiography. The pulmonary enhancement parameters were calculated, including (1) Hounsfield unit differences (HUdiff) between pulmonary trunks and pulmonary arteries (PAs) or veins (PVs), namely HUdiff-PA and HUdiff-PV, on the segmental base; (2) the mean HUdiff-PA, mean HUdiff-PV, numbers of significantly enhanced PAs and PVs, on the patient base. Pulmonary perfusion defects were recorded and scored using the lung perfused blood volume (PBV) based on intravenous dual-energy CT (DECT) angiography. Pearson’s or Spearman’s correlation coefficients were used to evaluate correlations between the following: (1) segment-based intra-aortic CT and intravenous DECT parameters (2) patient-based intra-aortic CT parameters and clinical severity parameters or lung PBV scores. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results
Segmental HUdiff-PV was correlated with the segmental perfusion defect score (r = 0.45, p < 0.01). The mean HUdiff-PV was correlated with the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) (r = 0.52, p < 0.01), cardiac output (rho = − 0.41, p = 0.05), and lung PBV score (rho = 0.43, p = 0.04). And the number of significantly enhanced PVs was correlated with the mean PAP (r = 0.54, p < 0.01), pulmonary vascular resistance (r = 0.54, p < 0.01), and lung PBV score (rho = 0.50, p = 0.01).

Conclusions
PV enhancement measured by intra-aortic CT angiography reflects clinical severity and pulmonary perfusion defects in CTEPH.

Key Points
• Intra-aortic CT angiography demonstrated heterogeneous enhancement within the pulmonary vasculature, showing collaterals from the systemic arteries to the pulmonary circulation in CTEPH.
• The degree of systemic-pulmonary collateral development was significantly correlated with the clinical severity of CTEPH and may be used to evaluate disease progression.
• The distribution of systemic-pulmonary collaterals is positively correlated with perfusion defects in the lung segments in CTEPH.
Co-administration of drugs with parenteral nutrition in the neonatal intensive care unit—physical compatibility between three components
Authors: Nilsson Niklas , Storesund Ingebjørg , Tho Ingunn , Nezvalova-Henriksen Katerina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThere is a lack of compatibility data for intravenous therapy to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients, and the purpose of this study was to contribute with documented physical compatibility data to ensure safe co-administration. We selected Numeta G13E, the 3-in-1 parenteral nutrition (PN) used at our NICU, together with the frequently used drugs morphine, dopamine and cefotaxime in two- but also three-component combinations. Incompatibility may lead to particle formation (precipitation) and oil-droplet growth (emulsion destabilisation), both which are undesirable and pose a safety risk to already unstable patients. We assessed potential particle formation of three mixing ratios for each combination (always including 1 + 1 ratio) using light obscuration, turbidity and pH measurements combined with visual inspection by focused Tyndall beam. Potential droplet-growth and emulsion destabilisation was assessed by estimating PFAT5 from droplet size measurements and counts, mean droplet diameter and polydispersity index from dynamic light scattering, and pH measurements. Mixed samples were always compared to unmixed controls to capture changes as a result of mixing and samples were analysed directly after mixing and after 4 h to simulate long contact time. None of the samples showed any sign of precipitation, neither in the drug-drug nor in the two- or three-component mixture with PN. Neither did we detect any form of emulsion destabilisation.Conclusion: Dopamine, morphine and cefotaxime were found to be compatible with NumetaG13E, and it is safe to co-administer these drugs together with this PN in NICU patients.

What is Known:• The need for co-administration of drugs and complex PN admixtures occurs frequently in NICU due to limited venous access.• Available compatibility data are scarce and for combinations of more than two components non-existent.

What is New:• Here we report physical compatibility data of two- as well as three-component combinations of frequently used NICU drugs and a 3-in-1 PN admixture.• Co-administration of Numeta G13E with dopamine and morphine, but also with morphine and cefotaxime is safe in NICU.
Gesundheitliche Vorausverfügungen und die Zeitstruktur guten Lebens
Authors: Stange Lena , Schweda Mark 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungPatientenverfügungen und andere Arten gesundheitlicher Vorausverfügungen wie Advance Care Planning und in gewisser Hinsicht auch Vorsorgevollmachten und Betreuungsverfügungen schließen evaluativ gehaltvolle Annahmen und Werturteile über den weiteren Verlauf des eigenen Lebens ein, die sich als mehr oder weniger angemessen erweisen können und daher einer ethischen Klärung und Reflexion bedürfen. Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach den Grundlagen dieser Annahmen und Urteile nach und argumentiert, dass für ihre Analyse eine strebensethische Perspektive auf Vorstellungen eines guten Lebens in der Zeit besonders geeignet ist. Dazu geben wir zunächst einen kurzen Überblick über die empirische Forschung zu Einflussfaktoren bei der Abfassung gesundheitlicher Vorausverfügungen, insbesondere der Bedeutung von individuellen Wertvorstellungen und Lebensorientierungen. Im nächsten Schritt wenden wir uns vor diesem Hintergrund der Bewertung von Lebensqualität im Lebensverlauf zu. Wie sich dabei zeigt, verweisen die betreffenden Werturteile in mehrfacher Hinsicht auf umfassendere Vorstellungen eines guten Lebens und seines zeitlichen Verlaufs. Daher nehmen wir im Anschluss die Frage des guten Lebens in der Zeit in den Blick und arbeiten typologisierend unterschiedliche Vorstellungen heraus, an denen sich die Implikationen der zeitlichen Erstreckung und Verlaufsstruktur guten Lebens für gesundheitliche Vorausverfügungen deutlich machen lassen. Der Aufsatz formuliert so nicht nur wichtige Perspektiven für eine eingehendere empirische Erforschung evaluativer Aspekte der Abfassung gesundheitlicher Vorausverfügungen. Die Klärung der Bedeutung der Zeitstruktur guten Lebens für solche Verfügungen eröffnet auch einen theoretischen Zugang zu den grundlegenden strebensethischen Fragen, mit denen sich die Betroffenen innerhalb des Rahmens des sollensethisch gut begründeten, gesellschaftlich weithin anerkannten und gesetzlich abgesicherten Rechtes auf ein selbstbestimmtes Sterben konfrontiert sehen.
Lack of cognitive impairment in long-term survivors of colorectal cancer
Authors: Vardy Janette L. , Pond Gregory R. , Cysique Lucette A. , Gates Thomas M. , Lagopoulos Jim , Renton Corrinne , Waite Louise M. , Tannock Ian F. , Dhillon Haryana M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Our longitudinal study reported cognitive impairment in 43% of people following diagnosis of localised colorectal cancer (CRC) versus 15% in healthy controls (p < 0.001) and 50% versus 13% 1–2 years later (p < 0.001). Here we evaluate cognitive function and neuroimaging in a subgroup at long-term follow-up.

Patients and methods
Cancer-free Australian participants in the study, and controls, completed cognitive and functional assessments. Neuroimaging was optional. Blood tests included inflammatory markers, clotting factors, sex hormones and apolipoprotein E genotype. The primary endpoint was demographically and practice effect-corrected cognitive scores comparing CRC survivors with controls over time examined using a linear mixed model, adjusted for baseline performance. Secondary endpoints included cognitive impairment rate using the Global Deficit Score [GDS > 0.5], Functional Deficit Score, blood results and neuroimaging.

Results
The study included 25 CRC survivors (60% men, median age 72) at mean 9 years after baseline (9 received adjuvant chemotherapy) and 25 controls (44% men, median age 68) at mean 6 years after baseline. There were no significant differences in cognitive scores or proportion with cognitive impairment (16 vs. 8%) between survivors and controls and no evidence of accelerated ageing in CRC survivors. Baseline cognitive performance predicted for subsequent cognitive function. There were no differences in functional tests or blood tests between groups. In 18 participants undergoing neuroimaging, 10 CRC survivors had higher myoinositol levels than 8 controls, and lower volume in the right amygdala and caudate and left hippocampal regions.

Conclusions
There was no difference in cognitive capacity and function between CRC survivors and controls 6–12 years after diagnosis. Differences in neuroimaging require confirmation in a larger sample.

Highlights
• No evidence of long term cognitive impairment in colorectal cancer survivors compared to controls 6–12 years after diagnosis
• No evidence of accelerated cognitive ageing in colorectal cancer survivors
• No evidence of long-term functional impairment in colorectal cancer survivors
Interleukin-35 promotes Breg expansion and interleukin-10 production in CD19+ B cells in patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Zhang Yu , Wei Sixi , Wu Qingqing , Shen Xue , Dai Wanrong , Zhang Zhiqi , Chen Man , Huang Hai , Ma Li 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective
IL-35 is a potent immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory cytokine, consisting of a p35 subunit and an Epstein–Barr virus–induced gene 3 (EBI3) subunit, which suppresses CD4+ effector T cell proliferation and promotes regulatory T cell (Treg) expansion. However, the effects of IL-35 on regulatory B cells (Bregs) in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) have not been explored. The present study aimed (i) to measure serum IL-35 levels and the percentages of Bregs in the peripheral blood of patients with AS and (ii) to explore their relationships in the pathogenesis of AS.

Methods
A total of 77 patients with AS (AS group), including 47 inactive AS and 30 active AS cases, and 59 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled into this study. The serum levels of IL-35 and IL-10 were detected by ELISA, and the mRNA levels of p35 and EBI3 were measured by RT–qPCR. The percentages of CD19+CD24hiCD38hi and CD19+CD24hiCD27+ Bregs and IL-35 receptor (IL-12Rβ2, IL-27Rα and gp130), IL-10, p-STAT1, p-STAT3, and p-STAT4 in CD19+ B cells were detected by flow cytometry. The correlations between IL-35 levels and percentages of Bregs were analyzed by determining Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The effect of IL-35 on Bregs was determined by mix-culture of recombinant (r) IL-35 with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).

Results
The serum IL-35 and IL-10 levels, p35 and EBI3 mRNA levels, and the percentages of CD19+CD24hiCD38hi and CD19+CD24hiCD27+ Bregs were significantly lower in AS patients than those in HCs. In addition, the percentages of CD19+CD24hiCD38hi and CD19+CD24hiCD27+ Bregs in active AS patients were significantly lower than those in inactive AS patients. The serum IL-35 levels were positively correlated with the percentages of CD19+CD24hiCD38hi and CD19+CD24hiCD27+ Bregs in AS patients. IL-12Rβ2 and IL-27Rα, but not gp130 subunit, were expressed in CD19+ B cells in AS patients. RIL-35 could effectively promote CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg expansion and IL-10 production. Meanwhile, rIL-35 also promoted the expression of IL-12Rβ2 and IL-27Rα and the phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3 in CD19+ B cells.

Conclusion
These results demonstrated that reduced IL-35 production may be associated with Bregs defects in AS patients. RIL-35 induced the proliferation of CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Bregs and IL-10 production, suggesting that IL-35 may serve as a reference for further investigation to develop novel treatments for AS.

Key Points• Our study investigated the effects of IL-35 on Bregs in AS patients.• We found the serum IL-35, IL-10 levels, and the percentages of CD19+CD24hiCD38hi and CD19+CD24hiCD27+Bregs were significantly lower in AS patients.• The serum IL-35 levels were positively correlated with the percentages of CD19+CD24hiCD38hi and CD19+CD24hiCD27+Bregs in AS patients.• Recombinant IL-35 could effectively promote CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg expansion and IL-10 production.
Some measures of kurtosis and their inference on large datasets
Authors: Borroni Claudio Giovanni , De Capitani Lucio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper deals with the estimation of kurtosis on large datasets. It aims at overcoming two frequent limitations in applications: first, Pearson's standardized fourth moment is computed as a unique measure of kurtosis; second, the fact that data might be just samples is neglected, so that the opportunity of using suitable inferential tools, like standard errors and confidence intervals, is discarded. In the paper, some recent indexes of kurtosis are reviewed as alternatives to Pearson’s standardized fourth moment. The asymptotic distribution of their natural estimators is derived, and it is used as a tool to evaluate efficiency and to build confidence intervals. A simulation study is also conducted to provide practical indications about the choice of a suitable index. As a conclusion, researchers are warned against the use of classical Pearson’s index when the sample size is too low and/or the distribution is skewed and/or heavy-tailed. Specifically, the occurrence of heavy tails can deprive Pearson’s index of any meaning or produce unreliable confidence intervals. However, such limitations can be overcome by reverting to the reviewed alternative indexes, relying just on low-order moments.
Tensor rank bounds for point singularities in ℝ3
Authors: Marcati C. , Rakhuba M. , Schwab Ch. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe analyze rates of approximation by quantized, tensor-structured representations of functions with isolated point singularities in ℝ3. We consider functions in countably normed Sobolev spaces with radial weights and analytic- or Gevrey-type control of weighted semi-norms. Several classes of boundary value and eigenvalue problems from science and engineering are discussed whose solutions belong to the countably normed spaces. It is shown that quantized, tensor-structured approximations of functions in these classes exhibit tensor ranks bounded polylogarithmically with respect to the accuracy ε ∈ (0,1) in the Sobolev space H1. We prove exponential convergence rates of three specific types of quantized tensor decompositions: quantized tensor train (QTT), transposed QTT and Tucker QTT. In addition, the bounds for the patchwise decompositions are uniform with respect to the position of the point singularity. An auxiliary result of independent interest is the proof of exponential convergence of hp-finite element approximations for Gevrey-regular functions with point singularities in the unit cube Q = (0,1)3. Numerical examples of function approximations and of Schrödinger-type eigenvalue problems illustrate the theoretical results.
Nonlinear optimization and support vector machines
Authors: Piccialli Veronica , Sciandrone Marco 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSupport vector machine (SVM) is one of the most important class of machine learning models and algorithms, and has been successfully applied in various fields. Nonlinear optimization plays a crucial role in SVM methodology, both in defining the machine learning models and in designing convergent and efficient algorithms for large-scale training problems. In this paper we present the convex programming problems underlying SVM focusing on supervised binary classification. We analyze the most important and used optimization methods for SVM training problems, and we discuss how the properties of these problems can be incorporated in designing useful algorithms.
Gaps in completion and timeliness of breast surgery and adjuvant therapy: a retrospective cohort of Haitian patients with nonmetastatic breast cancer
Authors: Fadelu Temidayo A. , Erfani Parsa , Lormil Joarly , Damuse Ruth , Pierre Viergela , Slater Sarah , Triedman Scott A. , Shulman Lawrence N. , Rebbeck Timothy R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
There are limited data on breast surgery completion rates and prevalence of care-continuum delays in breast cancer treatment programs in low-income countries.

Methods
This study analyzes treatment data in a retrospective cohort of 312 female patients with non-metastatic breast cancer in Haiti. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient characteristics; treatments received; and treatment delays of > 12 weeks. Multivariate logistic regressions were performed to identify factors associated with receiving surgery and with treatment delays. Exploratory multivariate survival analysis examined the association between surgery delays and disease-free survival (DFS).

Results
Of 312 patients, 249 (80%) completed breast surgery. The odds ratio (OR) for surgery completion for urban vs. rural dwellers was 2.15 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19–3.88) and for those with locally advanced vs. early-stage disease was 0.34 (95%CI: 0.16–0.73). Among the 223 patients with evaluable surgery completion timelines, 96 (43%) experienced delays. Of the 221 patients eligible for adjuvant chemotherapy, 141 (64%) received adjuvant chemotherapy, 66 of whom (47%) experienced delays in chemotherapy initiation. Presentation in the later years of the cohort (2015–2016) was associated with lower rates of surgery completion (75% vs. 85%) and with delays in adjuvant chemotherapy initiation (OR [95%CI]: 3.25 [1.50–7.06]). Exploratory analysis revealed no association between surgical delays and DFS.

Conclusion
While majority of patients obtained curative-intent surgery, nearly half experienced delays in surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy initiation. Although our study was not powered to identify an association between surgical delays and DFS, these delays may negatively impact long-term outcomes.
Spouses’ earnings association and inequality: A non-linear perspective
Authors: Grossbard Shoshana , Mangiavacchi Lucia , Nilsson William , Piccoli Luca 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe analyze the association between spouses’ earnings taking account of non-linearities along both spouses’ distribution of earnings. We also document the non-linearity of the relationships between earnings and labor force participation, earnings and couple formation, and earnings and number of children. Using simulations, we then analyze how changes in spouses’ rank-dependence structure, labor force participation and couple formation contribute to the upsurge in inequality in the U.S between 1967 and 2018. We find that an increased tendency towards positive sorting contributed substantially to the rise in inequality only among dual-earner couples, while it contributed little to overall inequality across households. Temporal and distributional heterogeneity are important, as earnings association had a more substantial role in the bottom of the earnings distribution and in recent years. The decline in couple formation contributed substantially to the rise in inequality, while the increase in female labor force participation and the fertility decline had equalizing effects.