bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-throughput RNA sequencing and genetic structure studies of turnip mosaic virus infecting black and yellow mustard revealing emergence of world-B3 pathotype in India
Authors: Singhal Pankhuri , Baranwal Virendra Kumar , Prajapati Malyaj R. , Singh Jitender 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The RNA viruses are marked by high genetic diversity, which allows them to quickly adapt to new and resistant hosts. The pathogenic turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) infects Brassicaceae plant species all over the world.

Aim
To study the evolution and host expansion of a TuMV for the first time in India using molecular population genetic framework.

Materials and Results
Here, we decipher the complete genome sequences of two TuMV world-B3 strains infecting yellow and black mustard in India through high-throughput RNA sequencing subjecting ribosomal RNA depleted mRNA isolated from leaves exhibiting puckering and mosaic symptoms with 100% incidence and high severity in the experimental field. The viral genomes of the two isolates were 9817 and 9829 nucleotides long. They featured two open reading frames (ORFs), one of which encoded a polyprotein comprised of 3164 amino acids and the other of which encoded a PIPO protein of 62 amino acids.

Conclusions
The two TuMV strains from New Delhi region shared identity with the world-B pathotype and subpathotype world B3 showcasing its emergence first time in South Asia. In contrast, other isolates reported previously from South Asia were all Asian-BR pathotypes.

Significance and Impact of the Study
According to our knowledge, this is the first instance of TuMV association with black mustard naturally. Their geographical prevalence justifies a lower degree of genetic differentiation and higher rate of gene flow calculated between the world-B and Asian-BR pathotypes. This study provides insights on population structuring, expansions and evolution, level of genetic heterogeneity and variability of worldwide prevalent isolates of TuMV which will further aid in understanding virus epidemiology and help prevent losses.
AaCaM is required for infection structure differentiation and secondary metabolites in pear fungal pathogen Alternaria alternata
Authors: Jiang Qianqian , Mao Renyan , Li Yongcai , Bi Yang , Liu Yongxiang , Zhang Miao , Li Rong , Yang Yangyang , Prusky Dov B. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Aims
Calmodulin (CaM), acts as a kind of multifunctional Ca2+ sensing protein, which is ubiquitous in fungi, is highly conserved across eukaryotes and is involved in the regulation of a range of physiological processes, including morphogenesis, reproduction and secondary metabolites biosynthesis. Our aim was to understand the characteristics and functions of AaCaM in Alternaria alternata, the causal agent of pear black spot.

Methods and results
A 450 bp cDNA sequence of AaCaM gene of A. alternata was cloned by the PCR homology method. Sequence analysis showed that this protein encoded by AaCaM was a stable hydrophilic protein and had a high similarity to Neurospora crassa (CAA50271.1) and other fungi. RT-qPCR analysis determined that AaCaM was differentially upregulated during infection structural differentiation of A. alternata both on hydrophobic and pear wax extract-coated surface, with a 3.37-fold upregulation during the hydrophobic induced appressorium formation period (6 h) and a 1.46-fold upregulation during the infection hyphae formation period (8 h) following pear wax induction. Pharmaceutical analysis showed that the CaM-specific inhibitor, trifluoperazine (TFP), inhibited spore germination and appressorium formation, and affected toxins and melanin biosynthesis in A. alternata.

Conclusions
AaCaM plays an important role in regulating infection structure differentiation and secondary metabolism of A. alternata.

Significance and impact of study
Our study provides a theoretical basis for further in-depth investigation of the specific role of AaCaM in the calcium signalling pathway underlying hydrophobic and pear wax-induced infection structure differentiation and pathogenicity of A. alternata.
Cardiac resynchronization therapy response in cardiac sarcoidosis
Authors: Shabtaie Samuel A. , Sehrawat Ojasav , Lee Justin Z. , Cha Yong‐Mei , Mulpuru Siva K. , Kowlgi Narayan G. , Siontis Konstantinos C. , Rosenbaum Andrew N. , Bois John P. , AbouEzzeddine Omar F. , Noseworthy Peter A. , Asirvatham Samuel J. , DeSimone Christopher V. , Deshmukh Abhishek J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionCardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is a nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) characterized by infiltration of noncaseating granulomas involving the heart with highly variable clinical manifestations that can include conduction abnormalities and systolic heart failure. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has shown significant promise in NICM, though little is known about its efficacy in patients with CS.ObjectiveTo determine if CRT improved cardiac remodeling in patients with CS.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all patients with a clinical or histological diagnosis of CS who underwent CRT implantation at the Mayo Clinic enterprise from 2000 to 2021. Baseline characteristics, imaging parameters, heart failure hospitalizations and need for advanced therapies, and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were assessed.ResultsOur cohort was comprised of 55 patients with 61.8% male and a mean age of 58.7 ± 10.9 years. Eighteen (32.7%) patients had definite CS, 21 (38.2%) had probable CS, while 16 (29.1%) had presumed CS, and 26 (47.3%) with extracardiac sarcoidosis. The majority underwent CRT‐D implantation (n = 52, 94.5%) and 3 (5.5%) underwent CRT‐P implantation with 67.3% of implanted devices being upgrades from prior pacemakers or implantable cardioverter defibrillators. At 6 months postimplantation there was no significant improvement in ejection fraction (34.8 ± 10.9% vs. 37.7 ± 14.2%, p = .331) or left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter (58.5 ± 10.2 vs. 57.5 ± 8.1 mm, p = .236), though mild improvement in left ventricular end systolic diameter (49.1 ± 9.9 vs. 45.7± 9.9 mm, p < .0001). Within the first 6 months postimplantation, 5 (9.1%) patients sustained a heart failure hospitalization. At a mean follow‐up of 4.1± 3.7 years, 14 (25.5%) patients experienced a heart failure hospitalization, 11 (20.0%) underwent cardiac transplantation, 1 (1.8%) underwent left ventricular assist device implantation and 7 (12.7%) patients died.ConclusionsOur findings suggest variable response to CRT in patients with CS with no overall improvement in ventricular function within 6 months and a substantial proportion of patients progressing to advanced heart failure therapies.
Impact of medication adherence on the efficacy of Baroreflex activation therapy
Authors: Schäfer Ann‐Kathrin C. , Müller Dieter , Born Ellen , Mühlhaus Maria , Lüders Stephan , Wallbach Manuel , Koziolek Michael J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTherapy adherence significantly determines the success of antihypertensive therapy, especially in patients with resistant hypertension. Our study investigates the impact of drug adherence on the efficacy of Baroreflex‐activation‐therapy (BAT). In this retrospective analysis, the authors measured blood pressure (BP) and antihypertensive medication adherence (by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry [GC‐MS] urine analysis) before and 6 months after BAT initiation. Adherence was defined as detection of ≥80% intake of prescribed medication at the time of follow‐up. Response to BAT was defined as BP drop ≥5 mmHg in systolic 24 h‐ambulatory BP (ABP) after 6 months. Overall patients (n = 38) median medication adherence was low, but rose from 60% (IQR 25%–100%) to 75% (IQR 38%–100%; p = .0194). After 6 months of BAT, mean systolic and diastolic office BP (‐21 ± 25 mmHg and ‐9 ± 15 mmHg; p < .0001 and .0004) as well as 24 h‐ABP dropped significantly (‐9 ± 17 mmHg and ‐5 ± 12 mmHg; p = .0049 and .0280). After 6 months of BAT, 21 patients (60%) could be classified as responders. There was neither significant difference in mean office systolic (‐21 ± 23 mmHg vs. ‐21 ± 28 mmHg; p = .9581) nor in 24 h‐systolic ABP decrease (‐11 ± 19 mmHg vs. ‐7 ± 15 mmHg; p = .4450) comparing adherent and non‐adherent patients. Whereas Antihypertensive Therapeutic Index (ATI) was unchanged in non‐responders, it significantly decreased in responders (from 50 ± 16 to 46 ± 16; p = .0477). These data are the first to show that BAT‐initiation leads to a clear BP reduction independently of patients´ medication adherence. Response to BAT is associated with a significant lowering of ATI, which might contribute to an underestimation of BAT efficacy.
Factors associated with hypoglycemia unawareness and severe hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Takagi Satoshi , Miura Junnosuke , Takita Mikako , Mochizuki Shota , Asanuma Takuya , Hoshina Sari , Takaike Hiroko , Uchigata Yasuko , Babazono Tetsuya 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAims/IntroductionSeveral factors are associated with hypoglycemia unawareness and severe hypoglycemia, but few large studies have analyzed Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes. The aim of this study was to analyze the risk factors for hypoglycemia unawareness and severe hypoglycemia in Japanese type 1 diabetes patients.Materials and MethodsA self‐administered questionnaire investigated events, complications and treatments associated with hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes. Multiple logistic regression analysis of factors associated with hypoglycemia unawareness and severe hypoglycemia requiring medical treatment was carried out. The coefficient of variation (CV) of blood glucose levels was determined using blood samples collected at six outpatient visits.ResultsOf the 1,619 participants, 44.2% and 10.4% experienced hypoglycemia unawareness and severe hypoglycemia, respectively. Mean HbA1c levels in patients with hypoglycemia unawareness were lower than those in patients without hypoglycemia unawareness. The type 1 diabetes subtype, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level, CV of blood glucose levels and history of severe hypoglycemia requiring medical treatment were significant independent variables predicting the presence of hypoglycemia unawareness. The glucose CV and a history of hypoglycemia unawareness were significant independent variables predicting severe hypoglycemia requiring medical treatment. In stratified analyses of patients divided into four groups according to glucose CV and HbA1c levels, the high‐glucose‐CV/low‐HbA1c group had the highest odds ratios for hypoglycemia unawareness (2.60) and severe hypoglycemia requiring medical treatment (2.55).ConclusionsThe ambulant glucose CV correlated with both hypoglycemia unawareness and severe hypoglycemia. Patients with high glucose CV and low HbA1c are at high risk of such adverse events, and their treatment strategies should be reviewed.
Health‐related quality of life trajectories in melanoma patients after electrochemotherapy: real‐world insights from the InspECT register
Authors: Campana L.G. , Quaglino P. , de Terlizzi F. , Mascherini M. , Brizio M. , Spina R. , Bertino G. , Kunte C. , Odili J. , Matteucci P. , MacKenzie Ross A. , Schepler H. , Clover J.A.P. , Kis E. ,   InspECT Melanoma and QoL Working Groups
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundElectrochemotherapy (ECT) effectively controls skin metastases from cutaneous melanoma.ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in melanoma patients pre−/post‐ECT and its effect on treatment outcome.MethodsThe analysis included prospective data from the International Network for Sharing Practices of ECT register. Following the Standard Operating Procedures, patients received intravenous or intratumoural bleomycin (15 000 IU/m2; 1000 IU mL/cm3) followed by 100‐microsecond, 1000‐V/cm electric pulses. Endpoints included response (RECIST v3.0), local progression‐free survival (LPFS), toxicity (CTCAE v5.0), and patient‐reported HRQoL at baseline, one, two, four, and 10 months (EuroQol [EQ‐5D‐3L], including 5‐item utility score [EQ‐5D] and visual analogue scale for self‐reported health state [EQ‐VAS]). Comparisons within/between subgroups were made for statistical and minimal important differences (MID). HRQoL scores and clinical covariates were analysed to identify predictors of response in multivariate analysis.ResultsMedian tumour size was 2 cm. Complete response rate, G3 toxicity, and one‐year LPFS in 378 patients (76% of the melanoma cohort) were 47%, 5%, and 78%, respectively. At baseline, age‐paired HRQoL did not differ from the general European population. Following ECT, both EQ‐5D and EQ‐VAS scores remained within MID boundaries, particularly among complete responders. A subanalysis of the EQ‐5D items revealed a statistically significant deterioration in pain/discomfort and mobility (restored within 4 months), and self‐care and usual activities (throughout the follow‐up) domains. Concomitant checkpoint inhibition correlated with better EQ‐5D and EQ‐VAS trajectories. Baseline EQ‐5D was the exclusive independent predictor for complete response (RR 14.76, P = 0.001).ConclusionsHRQoL of ECT melanoma patients parallels the general population and is preserved in complete responders. Transient deterioration in pain/discomfort and mobility and persistent decline in self‐care and usual activities may warrant targeted support interventions. Combination with checkpoint inhibitors is associated with better QoL outcomes. Baseline HRQoL provides predictive information, which can help identify patients most likely to respond.
Outcome and long‐term treatment protocol for topical tacrolimus in oral lichen planus
Authors: Utz S. , Suter V.G.A. , Cazzaniga S. , Borradori L. , Feldmeyer L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and objectiveTopical tacrolimus has been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of oral lichen planus (OLP). However, long‐term effects and its optimal application protocol with gradual reduction have not been studied. Accordingly, we analysed the clinical response of OLP to tacrolimus in our daily clinical practice with a focus on the optimal long‐term therapeutic scheme.MethodsRetrospective analysis of all consecutive patients diagnosed with OLP and treated with topical tacrolimus (0.03% oral rinse) in a clinical setting between 2015 and 2020. The objective clinical response was measured by a 4‐point scale (complete remission, major remission, partial remission and no response), and subjective impairment by a 3‐point scale (severe, moderate and none).ResultsFifty‐seven patients (74% women; median age: 66 years) were included. Fifty‐six (98%) patients had prior treatment with topical steroids. After introduction of tacrolimus, objective remission (major or complete) was reached by 28%, 62%, 87% and 97% of patients after 3, 6, 12 and 24 months respectively. Subjective remission was reported by 16%, 48%, 69% and 83% after 3, 6, 12 and 24 months of treatment respectively. The treatment frequency could be gradually reduced from initially twice daily to once daily or less in 28%, 61%, 78% and 87% after 3, 6, 12 and 24 months respectively; 41% of patients completely suspended the treatment at one point, but 67% of them experienced a relapse after a median time of 3.3 months. Four patients (7%) developed a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) during the observation period. Otherwise, there were only few and minor side‐effects.ConclusionTopical tacrolimus can be an effective second‐line therapy for OLP refractory to potent topical corticosteroids. The therapy frequency can often be reduced during the maintenance period. Both signs of clinical activity and subjective impairment should guide therapy. Regular follow‐up is necessary to recognize possible SCC.
Psoriasis and progression of Parkinson's disease: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Li C. , Li X. , Lin J. , Cui Y. , Shang H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiological studies have suggested psoriasis was associated with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, whether psoriasis has an effect on PD progression is not explored yet.ObjectivesTo evaluate the causal role of psoriasis in PD progression.MethodsWe conducted a two‐sample Mendelian randomization analysis using summary statistics from genome‐wide association study of psoriasis (N = 33 394), age at onset (N = 28 568) and progression (N = 4093) of PD.ResultsOne standard deviation increase in genetically determined psoriasis risk was significantly associated with faster progression to dementia (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.1.03–1.1, P = 4.71E‐04). Meanwhile, higher psoriasis risk was nominally associated with faster progression of PD measured by time to Hoehn and Yahr stage 3 (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02–1.08, P = 1.53E‐03) and depression (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02–1.11, P = 1.77E‐03) of PD. The results were robust under all sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsThese results suggested psoriasis accelerated overall progression of PD, and increased risk of dementia and depression of PD. A deeper understanding of neuroinflammation and immune response is likely to elucidate the potential pathogenesis of PD progression and identify novel therapeutic targets.
Onychopapilloma: its clinical, dermoscopic and pathologic features
Authors: Kim T.‐R. , Bae K.‐N. , Son J.‐H. , Shin K. , Kim H.‐S. , Ko H.‐C. , Kim B.‐S. , Kim M.‐B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundOnychopapilloma is a benign tumour of the nail bed and distal matrix and commonly presents as longitudinal erythronychia, longitudinal leukonychia or longitudinal melanonychia. Because onychopapilloma is rare, its clinical characteristics and dermoscopic findings have not been well investigated in Asia.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and dermoscopic and pathologic findings of onychopapilloma in Korea.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records and clinical/dermoscopic photographs of 39 patients diagnosed with onychopapilloma in the Pusan National University Hospitals (Busan and Yangsan) for 11 years (2010–2021).ResultsAmong 39 patients, 23 (59.0%) were men, and 16 (41.0%) were women. The mean age was 46.1 (16–77) years. All lesions were single, and most of them were located on the fingers (92.3%), especially the thumb (66.7%). The most common clinical feature was longitudinal erythronychia (56.4%), and the most common dermoscopic finding was distal subungual hyperkeratosis (100%). We found two new dermoscopic features: macrolunula and trailing lunula along the longitudinal band. Among 18 patients who underwent surgical excision, only 6 (33.3%) showed typical acanthosis and papillomatosis on the nail bed.ConclusionsWe found that Asian onychopapilloma has similar clinicodermoscopic findings to the Caucasian one, that is to say, longitudinal erythronychia and distal subungual hyperkeratosis were the most common nail change and dermoscopic finding, respectively. We propose two new dermoscopic features of onychopapilloma: macrolunula and trailing lunula along the longitudinal band.
Reproductive biology of the bullseye puffer Sphoeroides annulatus: Gonadosomatic index and its suitability for estimating length at maturity
Authors: Salas‐Singh Carolina , Morales‐Bojórquez Enrique , Aguirre‐Villaseñor Hugo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to describe updated information on the basic reproductive biology of Sphoeroides annulatus females and potential use of the gonadosomatic index as input data to assess length at 50% maturity () and identify the breeding season. From April 2014 to December 2015, 767 females were analysed along the north‐west coast of the Mexican Pacific Ocean. Both immature and mature females were represented in the total length (), which ranged from 81 to 440 mm, and the smallest mature female was 92 mm (new record for the species). Gonadal maturity phases were assigned through histological analysis. A threshold value was established using the lower whisker value for maturity phase spawning capable (2.06%). The monthly variation of supported the annual spawning seasonality, and the presence of reproductively active mature females coincided with the observed periods with histological data and the peaks for both seasons 2014 and 2015. Also the presence of reproductively inactive mature females confirmed the nonreproductive season observed from January to April 2015. Estimates of were based on the cumulative proportion of reproductively active mature females: both datasets showed a ‘bumpy trajectory’. Considering the functional form of data and models, a second objective was to verify if each dataset presented a simple or double sigmoid trajectory and select the most suitable model through the Akaike information criterion. For both datasets, the best fitted model was the double sigmoidal , while the single sigmoidal had low performance and did not have statistical support. The provided a value ca. 254 mm for both data sets. A trade‐off between the model's correct fit and a reliable value was found, but this fact is not always considered when calculating the maturity, resulting in biased parameters. Correct data fitting may seem trivial, but the consequences for the conservation of immature individuals could be dramatic, affecting the population recruitment. In conclusion, the histologically calibrated was suitable for classifying females of S. annulatus into reproductively inactive or active types, with an agreement percentage of 99%. The = 2.06% can be useful for subsequent studies for this species.
The first observation of copulation inAndeancatfishAstroblepus ubidiai(Siluriformes, Astroblepidae), inLago San Pablo, Imbabura, Ecuador
Authors: Mena‐Valenzuela Patricio , Valdiviezo‐Rivera Jonathan , Mena‐Olmedo Javier , Aguirre Windsor E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe reproductive behaviour of the Andean catfishAstroblepus ubidiaiwas observed directly and with an underwater camera in a spring located next to Lago San Pablo in the province of Imbabura, Ecuador, in late 2015 and early 2016. Five mating attempts were observed, four of which were video‐taped, and two of which resulted in complete copulation. During copulation, the male grabs the female from the top of the head with its buccal disc and pelvic fins and, from this position, bends its body forming a “C” to reach the genital pore of the female and introduce its copulatory organ. Once copulation is complete, the female swims away rapidly. Details of the copulation are described here through illustrations.