bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two-dimensional bidirectional principal component collaborative projection feature for SAR vehicle target recognition
Authors: Tang Tao , Zhang Chudi , Zhou Xiaoyan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWith the continuous improvement in the resolution of synthetic aperture radar (SAR), there are many problems in the interpretation of high-resolution SAR images, such as a large amount of data and low efficiency of target recognition. In this paper, a novel SAR target recognition method based on a two-dimensional bidirectional principal component cooperative representation projection feature ((2D)2PCA-CRP) is proposed. First, (2D)2PCA is used to project the image into the low-dimensional feature space, and the redundant information in the high-resolution SAR image is filtered while considering the spatial structure. Then, the spatial global separability feature and local structure feature of the target in the high-resolution SAR image are extracted by CRP to form the (2D)2PCA-CRP feature. Finally, based on this feature, the nearest neighbour classifier is used to complete the target recognition experiments on MSTAR data. The experiments of this study are divided into three parts using standard operation condition (SOC) samples, type change samples and radar incidence angle change data. The experimental results show that the proposed feature achieves better target recognition performance in high-resolution SAR images.
Real-time trajectory privacy protection based on improved differential privacy method and deep learning model
Authors: Xiong Jing , Zhu Hong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAccurate and real-time trajectory data publishing plays an important role in providing users with the latest traffic and road condition information to help in rationally planning travel time and routes. However, the improper publishing of location information and reverse analysis and reasoning can easily leak users’ personal information, which may threaten users’ privacy and lives. Owing to the inclusion of differential privacy model noise, privacy protection introduces inaccuracies in data publishing and validity. To improve the accuracy and usability of published data, we propose a data publishing method based on deep learning and differential privacy models for securing spatiotemporal trajectory data publishing. The method divides the trajectory data into two-dimensional grid regions, counts the density of trajectories at grids, performs a top-down recursive division of regions, and formulates rules for privacy budget allocation from multiple perspectives as recurrence depth increases. Furthermore, the method integrates spatiotemporal sequence data according to temporal order. Subsequently, it extracts temporal and spatial features of the data by the temporal graph convolutional network model for budget matrix prediction, adds Laplace noise to the regions, and evaluates the effect of differential privacy protection with the original data to protect trajectory data privacy. Experiments demonstrate that under the premise of satisfying ε-difference privacy, the query error and Jensen–Shannon divergence are smaller, the Kendall coefficient is more consistent, and the upper and lower limit values are more stable. Hence, the top-down division method achieves better results than those of the two traditional region division methods of the uniform grid and adaptive grid. The proposed method can be used to allocate the privacy budget more reasonably and achieve privacy protection of trajectories, which can be applied to a large amount of spatiotemporal trajectory data.
Family, friends, and feelings: the role of relationships to parents and peers and alexithymia in adolescents with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Lukas Linda , Buhl Christina , Schulte-Körne Gerd , Sfärlea Anca 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with impairments in socio-emotional functioning, including difficulties in interpersonal relationships as well as alexithymia (difficulties identifying and describing one’s emotions). Although the onset of the disorder is mostly in adolescence, a developmental period in which interpersonal relationships to parents as well as peers undergo major changes, only few studies have investigated the quality of interpersonal relationships in adolescent AN patients. Furthermore, the mechanisms linking poor relationship quality to eating disorder psychopathology are not yet clarified, albeit some research suggests that alexithymia might play a pivotal role. The aims of the present study were investigating the quality of interpersonal relationships to parents and peers in adolescents with AN compared to healthy adolescents as well as exploring the mediating role of alexithymia in the association between relationship quality and eating disorder symptoms.

Methods
Self-report questionnaires were used to assess relationship quality (Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment) and alexithymia (Toronto Alexithymia Scale) in 12–18 year old female adolescents with AN (n = 35) in comparison to healthy adolescents (n = 40).

Results
Adolescents with AN reported lower relationship quality to both of their parents and to peers compared to healthy controls. Relationship quality scores were negatively correlated to alexithymia as well as eating disorder symptoms. Alexithymia fully meditated the association between eating disorder symptoms and relationship quality to parents and partially mediated the association between eating disorder symptoms and relationship quality to peers.

Conclusion
The results indicate difficulties in interpersonal relationships among adolescents with AN and emphasize the role of peer relationships for adolescents’ eating disorder psychopathology. Alexithymia seems to play an important role in explaining the link between quality of relationships and eating disorder psychopathology. Results suggest that treatment should not only focus on family relationships but also address relationships to peers as well as adolescents’ competence in identifying and dealing with their emotions.
The impact of wind and geothermal energy consumption on economic growth and financial development: evidence on selected countries
Authors: Doğan Mesut , Tekbaş Murat , Gursoy Samet 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the impacts of wind and geothermal energy consumption on economic growth and financial development over the period 2016:M1 and 2020:M11. The data obtained from Germany, Iceland, Italy, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Portugal, Turkey, and the United States of America, which consume wind and geothermal energy, were utilized in the research study. To this end, after determining the cointegration relationship between the variables, the long-term elasticity coefficients were estimated by employing the FMOLS (2000) and DOLS (2001) models. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that geothermal energy consumption had a positive impact on financial development. Nonetheless, wind energy had no impact on financial development, whereas it had a negative impact on economic growth. According to the Dumitrescu–Hurlin causality test results, it was determined that a unilateral causality existed from wind and geothermal energy consumption to economic growth. These obtained findings, in favor of the conservative hypothesis, yielded important signals for investments to be made in the renewable energy sector as well as policymakers.
Feasibility assessment of the Eye Scan Ultrasound System for cataract characterization and optimal phacoemulsification energy estimation: protocol for a pilot, nonblinded and monocentre study
Authors: Petrella Lorena , Nunes Sandrina , Perdigão Fernando , Gomes Marco , Santos Mário , Pinto Carlos , Morgado Miguel , Travassos António , Santos Jaime , Caixinha Miguel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundCataracts are lens opacifications that are responsible for more than half of blindness cases worldwide, and the only treatment is surgical intervention. Phacoemulsification surgery, the most frequently performed cataract surgery in developed countries, has associated risks, some of which are related to excessive phacoemulsification energy levels and times. The protocol proposed in herein will be used to evaluate the feasibility of a new experimental medical device, the Eye Scan Ultrasound System (ESUS), for the automatic classification of cataract type and severity and quantitative estimation of the optimal phacoemulsification energy.MethodsThe pilot study protocol will be used to evaluate the feasibility and safety of the ESUS in clinical practice. The study will be conducted in subjects with age-related cataracts and on healthy subjects as controls. The procedures include data acquisition with the experimental ESUS, classification based on the Lens Opacity Classification System III (LOCS III, comparator) using a slit lamp, contrast sensitivity test, optical coherence tomography, specular microscopy and surgical parameters.ESUS works in A-scan pulse-echo mode, with a central frequency of 20 MHz. From the collected signals, acoustic parameters will be extracted and used for automatic cataract characterization and optimal phacoemulsification energy estimation.The study includes two phases. The data collected in the first phase (40 patients, 2 eyes per patient) will be used to train the ESUS algorithms, while the data collected in the second phase (10 patients, 2 eyes per patient) will be used to assess the classification performance. System safety will be monitored during the study.DiscussionThe present pilot study protocol will evaluate the feasibility and safety of the ESUS for use in clinical practice, and the results will support a larger clinical study for the efficacy assessment of the ESUS as a diagnostic tool. Ultimately, the ESUS is expected to represent a valuable tool for surgical planning by reducing complications associated with excessive levels of phacoemulsification energy and surgical times, which will have a positive impact on healthcare systems and society. The study is not yet recruiting.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifierNCT04461912, registered on July 8, 2020.
Simplified intravoxel incoherent motion DWI for differentiating malignant from benign breast lesions
Authors: Mürtz Petra , Tsesarskiy Mark , Sprinkart Alois M. , Block Wolfgang , Savchenko Oleksandr , Luetkens Julian A. , Attenberger Ulrike , Pieper Claus C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
To evaluate simplified intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for differentiating malignant versus benign breast lesions as (i) stand-alone tool and (ii) add-on to dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.

Methods
1.5-T DWI data (b = 0, 50, 250, 800 s/mm2) were retrospectively analysed for 126 patients with malignant or benign breast lesions. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) ADC (0, 800) and IVIM-based parameters D1′ = ADC (50, 800), D2′ = ADC (250, 800), f1′ = f (0, 50, 800), f2′ = f (0, 250, 800) and D*′ = D* (0, 50, 250, 800) were voxel-wise calculated without fitting procedures. Regions of interest were analysed in vital tumour and perfusion hot spots. Beside the single parameters, the combined use of D1′ with f1′ and D2′ with f2′ was evaluated. Lesion differentiation was investigated for lesions (i) with hyperintensity on DWI with b = 800 s/mm2 (n = 191) and (ii) with suspicious contrast-enhancement (n = 135).

Results
All lesions with suspicious contrast-enhancement appeared also hyperintense on DWI with b = 800 s/mm2. For task (i), best discrimination was reached for the combination of D1′ and f1′ using perfusion hot spot regions-of-interest (accuracy 93.7%), which was higher than that of ADC (86.9%, p = 0.003) and single IVIM parameters D1′ (88.0%) and f1′ (87.4%). For task (ii), best discrimination was reached for single parameter D1′ using perfusion hot spot regions-of-interest (92.6%), which were slightly but not significantly better than that of ADC (91.1%) and D2′ (88.1%). Adding f1′ to D1′ did not improve discrimination.

Conclusions
IVIM analysis yielded a higher accuracy than ADC. If stand-alone DWI is used, perfusion analysis is of special relevance.
Criminal Records and Licensure in Five Allied Health Professions: Is There Evidence of a Disparate Impact on Historically Marginalized Groups?
Authors: Liu Jing , Hyman David A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractContext: In health care, licensing is pervasive. Restrictions on applicants with criminal records may have a disparate impact on historically marginalized groups. There is bipartisan interest in evaluating whether occupational licensing requirements are too strict.Methods: The authors analyze how 12 representative states (California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Illinois, Missouri, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, and Texas) respond when people with criminal records apply for a license for five entry-level allied health professions (dental hygienist, occupational therapy assistant, physical therapy assistant, radiologic technologist, and respiratory therapist).Findings: With one exception for one allied health profession, all states require their licensing boards to consider past serious criminal convictions. A majority of states require the conviction to be substantially related to the scope of professional duties for it to provide a basis for disqualification. Most states make it difficult for applicants with criminal records to determine whether they may obtain a license.Conclusions: State licensing boards have considerable discretion in handling applicants with a criminal record. The trend is toward fewer restrictions, but more could be done to increase the transparency of state licensing board guidelines, practices, and procedures—particularly in the states that still rely on a “good moral character” test.
Effect of Yearly Exercise on Medication Expense and Benefit–Cost Ratio in Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: MORALES-PALOMO FELIX , MORENO-CABAÑAS ALFONSO , ALVAREZ-JIMENEZ LAURA , ORTEGA JUAN F. , MORA-RODRIGUEZ RICARDO 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Lifestyle modification through incorporation of exercise training could improve metabolic syndrome (MetS) clinical components (hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and visceral abdominal obesity). We aimed to assess if long-term exercise training could restrain the increased pharmacological cost of the clinical management of the MetS.

Methods
Medicine cost during a 5-yr-long randomized controlled exercise intervention trial was analyzed. After a per-protocol analysis, a group of 64 individuals 53 ± 2 yr old, with overweight (body mass index, 33.4 ± 0.9 kg·m−2) and MetS (3.6 ± 0.2 factors) were randomized to a training (4 months·yr−1 for 5 yr; EXERCISE, n = 25) or to a control group (CONTROL, n = 26). Subjects were studied on three occasions during the 5-yr follow-up. Participants continued their routine medication managed by their general practitioner. The main outcome is the 5-yr evolution of medication cost to treat MetS (hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia). A secondary outcome is the benefit–cost ratio of the exercise intervention.

Results
In CONTROL, medicine cost increased 160% from baseline (P < 0.001), whereas in EXERCISE, it remained unchanged (33%; P = 0.25). After the 5-yr follow-up, medicine use was 60% and medicine cost 74% higher in CONTROL than EXERCISE (P < 0.05 in both cases). However, MetS z score was similarly reduced over time in both groups (P = 0.244 for group–time interaction). The number of prescribed medications increased after 5 yr in CONTROL (89%; P < 0.001), whereas it remained stable with yearly training (17%; P = 0.72 in EXERCISE). Ten-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk estimation increased only in CONTROL (15%; P = 0.05 for group–time interaction). The benefit in medicine savings (€153 per year and patient) triplicated the estimated cost (€50.8 per year and patient) of the exercise intervention.

Conclusions
A 5-yr-long supervised exercise training program in middle-age individuals with MetS prevents the need for increasing medicine use. The savings in pharmacological therapy outweighs the estimated costs of implementing the exercise program.
Indoor air quality at the Arab governmental girls’ schools
Authors: Elsharkawy Mahmoud Fathy , Aljassim Mohammed Tawfiq , Alsaif Abdulmalik Salman , Alsulaiman Sana Abdullah 
Published: September 2022

Background: A proper and adequate school environment is important for an effective learning process and maintaining the health of the students as they spend most of their time in schools. The physical school environment includes the physical structures; presence of chemicals and biological agents; and the surrounding environment, including air, water, and materials. This study aimed to evaluate the indoor air quality (IAQ) in governmental girls’ schools in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methods: Seventeen girls’ schools were randomly selected in the Eastern Province of KSA. The indoor levels of PM10 and PM2.5, volatile organic compounds, CO, NO2, and CO2 were measured at different sites inside each school during four months of the year 2020. In addition, a pre-designed questionnaire was used to evaluate the safety preparedness in the same selected schools. Results: Levels of the six air pollutants were higher inside schools adjacent to roads with moderate traffic activity than schools with low and very low traffic activity. However, the mean level of CO2 inside the selected schools was higher than its outdoor level, suggesting the predominance of an indoor source of CO2. Levels of all measured air pollutants inside governmental constructed school buildings were higher than those inside the rental type. Conclusion: The average levels of air pollutants inside the selected schools were much lower than their air quality guidelines (AQGs), while some CO2 and NO2 levels exceeded their AQGs at some schools.
A flexible open-source processing workflow for multiplexed fluorescence imaging based on cycles
Authors: Potier Guillaume , Doméné Aurélie , Paul-Gilloteaux Perrine 
Published: September 2022

Background Multiplexing tissue imaging is developing as a complement for single cell analysis, bringing the spatial information of cells in tissue in addition to multiple parameters measurements. More and more commercial or home-made systems are available. These techniques allow the imaging of tens of fluorescent reporters, where the spectral overlap is solved by imaging by cycles the fluorophores using microfluidics to change the reporters between each cycle. Methods For several systems, the acquisition system coupled to the microfluidic system is a wide field microscope, and the acquisition process is done by mosaicking to cover a large field of view, relying on image processing to obtain the data set to be analysed in intensity. The processed data set allows the identification of different populations, quite similarly to cytometry analysis, but with spatial information in addition. To obtain the final image for analysis from the raw acquisitions, several preprocessing steps are needed for inter-cycle registration, tissue autofluorescence correction or mosaicking. We propose a workflow for this preprocessing, implemented as an open source software (as a library, command line tool and standalone). Results We exemplify the workflow on the commercial system PhenoCycler® (formerly named CODEX®) and provide a reduced size data set for testing. Conclusions We compare our processor with the commercially provided processor and show that we solve some problems also reported by other users.
Dynamic Programming for the Time-Dependent Traveling Salesman Problem with Time Windows
Authors: Lera-Romero Gonzalo , Miranda Bront Juan José , Soulignac Francisco J. 
Published: September 2022

The time-dependent traveling salesman problem with time windows (TDTSPTW) is a variant of the well-known traveling salesman problem with time windows, in which travel times are not assumed to be constant. The TDTSPTW accounts for the effects of congestion at the planning level, being particularly suited for distribution problems in large cities. In this paper we develop a labeling-based algorithm for the TDTSPTW that incorporates partial dominance and generalizes several state-of-the-art components from the time-independent related literature. We propose a framework general enough to be applied to the TDTSPTW and its variant without time windows, with the objective of minimizing the duration or the makespan. As part of the framework, we introduce a new state-space relaxation specifically designed for the time-dependent context. Extensive computational experiments show the effectiveness of the overall approach and the impact of the new relaxation, outperforming several recent algorithms proposed for these variants on more than 9,000 benchmark instances. In addition, we frame the minimum tour duration problem within the time-dependent literature and include it as a benchmark for our algorithm, obtaining improved computation times and 31 new optimal solutions. Summary of Contribution: In this paper, we study the time-dependent traveling salesman problem with time windows (TDTSPTW), a difficult single-vehicle routing problem that incorporates more realistic travel time functions than its classic time-independent counterpart. As a result, the TDTSPTW is harder to solve, as it requires more complex models and algorithms. Using state-of-the-art optimization techniques, we propose an efficient solution approach for the TDTSPTW and some related variants that outperforms the previous approaches in the literature. Our paper emphasizes the importance of algorithmic design and efficient implementations to tackle relevant practical combinatorial optimization problems—in particular, for time-dependent problems. Moreover, the resulting algorithm fosters a new research direction regarding exact algorithms for time-dependent problems using dynamic programming and relaxation techniques. History: Accepted by Andrea Lodi, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms—Discrete. Funding: This research has been funded by Fondo para la Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (FONCyT) [Grants PICT-2016-2677 and PICT-2018-2961] from the Ministry of Science, Argentina, and by the Google Latin America Research Award (LARA) 2019. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2022.1236 .