bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“I am the coronavirus”: A case report and review
Authors: Camilo J. , Silva R. , Vaz I. , Roque M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAs disorders of thought, delusions are modified by patients’ background, and so their content varies widely according to location and throughout the ages. The COVID-19 pandemic has shown its global impact on society and mental health of the population, thus becoming a new delusional topic.ObjectivesWe report a case where the COVID-19 pandemic has been integrated into a patient’s delusion in an attempt to raise professional awareness for this new psychotic presentation.MethodsReview of clinical notes and literature review.ResultsA 38-year-old female patient with no prior psychiatric history presented with psychotic symptoms characterized by self-referential ideas, feelings of guilt and delusions of ruin, with a sudden onset of less than 24 hours prior to observation. The patient claimed that she was the coronavirus and, as such, she was a common topic of conversation in both television and social media, and the reported deaths caused by COVID-19 were her own doing. As a result of this, the patient was asking doctors to kill her in order to save everyone else affected by the virus. After evaluation, a diagnosis of Acute and Transient Psychotic Disorder was considered. The patient was initially treated with paliperidone, but due to hyperprolactinemia and menstrual changes this was switched to aripiprazole. Symptoms remitted fully after 21 days of treatment, and six months later no recurrences have been described.ConclusionsThis case illustrates the potential of the coronavirus pandemic outbreak as a new delusional topic. Possible side effects of treatment are also discussed.
Denial attitude towards COVID-19 among general population in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsubaie S. , Alshahrani H. , Alshahrani A. , Asiri A. , Alfaifi A. , Ibrahim R. Al , Alqahtani W. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionDuring the current crisis of COVID 19, recent studies evident that it has a huge impact on public mental health and individuals’ behavior.ObjectivesOur study aimed to estimate the prevalence of high denial attitude towards the emerging pandemic of COVID 19 among the general population of Saudi Arabia.MethodsA cross-sectional online survey was conducted from April 3, 2020 to May 5, 2020. All participants (N= 1817) were asked to complete an online questionnaire survey that included socio-demographic and other variables, and Denial Attitude Questionnaire towards COVID-19 pandemic (DAQ-COVID-19).ResultsHigh denial attitude was prevalent among 728 (40.1 %) of the participants. It was associated with old age, being married, having low educational level, working in a non-medical professions, do not have a past history of infectious diseases, spending less than one hour following COVID-19 news, satisfied with the government procedures for COVID-19, and highly depressed and anxious respondents, where p-values were 0.001, 0.019, <0.001, 0.027, <0.001, <0.001, 0.004, 0.008, and 0.026; respectively.ConclusionsAbout two out of five participants had high denial attitude. To our knowledge, the current study is the first study that tries to evaluate a high denial attitude during the initial COVID 19 outbreaks, especially in Saudi Arabia. However, further exploration in this field is needed. We suggest conducting such a study at the end of the current pandemic or in the second wave of the outbreak
Using developmental psychotechnics during COVID-19 pandemic: The case of children and adolescents failing to follow covid-related guidelines
Authors: Burlakova N. , Oleshkevich V. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe problem of COVID-19 is acute now in all the countries. Nevertheless, the techniques of applied clinical psychology are rarely implemented in this struggle.ObjectivesThe aim was to examine the possibilities of the applied clinical psychology in instructing children and adolescents and in exerting psychological influence on them in order to decrease the incidence.MethodsThe following methods were used: thematic analysis of relevant information on TV and on Russian-speaking internet, interviews with adolescents refusing to wear masks (110 adolescents), observation.Results87% of adolescents are sure that they are “fully informed about the COVID-19.” Moreover, 70% are certain they “will not be infected with COVID-19” and even if they do, they will “have a mild form of the disease.” Such information was widely reproduced in the Russian media and proved by medical statistics. It influenced negatively the attitude of adolescents toward masks, social distancing, etc.Conclusions1) The information concerning COVID-19 requires introduction of the changes based on psychological data. 2) The ways of informing children and adolescents should be carefully analyzed using psychological data. In information for young people, their responsibility, solidarity and empathy toward others should be involved. 3) The situation of COVID-19 may become a space for potential development, this situation may shape respect toward the health of other people. 4) The “situation of test,” which is significant for the self-awareness of adolescents, should be employed as a way to persuade adolescents to follow the health restrictions.
Interrelation between job satisfaction and self-regulation resources in professionals under work stress due to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Titova M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe problem of job satisfaction connected with work efficiency and psychological well-being of professionals is especially actual in stress conditions due to COVID-19 pandemic. The stress has a negative effect on job satisfaction (Singh et al., 2019). The one of the most important criteria for successful activities is a job satisfaction (Burić & Moè, 2020). The highest level of job satisfaction can be achieved by the high adaptive potential of professionals, who have a diverse arsenal of self-regulation resources and apply them adequately to working conditions (Kuznetsova et al., 2019).ObjectivesThe study was held in 45 professionals from different fields, who work remotely during the self-isolation due to COVID-19 pandemic and aimed to estimate the correlation between job satisfaction and self-regulation resources of professionals under work stress.MethodsThe assessment methods included: 1) test “Job Satisfaction” by V.A. Rozanova 2) S. Hobfoll’s “SACS” 3) Ch. Spilberger’s “Trait Anxiety”.ResultsThe results revealed an average level of anxiety with a tendency to growth. Avoidance, asocial and aggressive behaviour are frequently used. The direct correlation between the level of job satisfaction and such a resource of self-regulation as a search for social contact was revealed (r=0.291; p=0.049). The general level of anxiety is directly related to avoidance (r=0. 374; p=0.011), manipulative (r=0.343; p=0.021) and aggressive actions (r=0.343; p=0.021), and negatively correlates with assertive actions (r=-0.703; p=0).ConclusionsThe results of the study can be used to develop programs to improve the psychological well-being and performance of employees working under stress due to COVID-19 pandemic.
Models for successful interactions of psychiatrists with indigenous patients and communities
Authors: Mehl-Madrona L. , Mainguy B. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionConventional psychiatric services are not always acceptable to indigenous communities and people.ObjectivesTo present successful models of interactions of psychiatrists with indigenous patients and communities based upon our work with five communities in Maine.MethodsWe reviewed the strategies that worked for community interaction from our project for supporting indigenous communities to implement medication-assisted treatment and we reviewed the literature to see what other strategies are reported successful.ResultsPsychiatrists working in these communities may need to share more personal details than to what they are usually accustomed to be accepted. They may need to acknowledge local culture and spirituality and work with traditional knowledge holders to create collaborative healing approaches. As part of this, a narrative approach appeared to work best in which the psychiatrist worked within the stories and beliefs of the community which required taking the time in dialogue to learn those stories and beliefs. Specifically, we address the challenges of flying into northern, rural, and remote communities, of academic physicians consulting to tribal-based opiate treatment programs, of modifying usual counseling techniques such as motivational interviewing to an indigenous population, and of the changes made in practice styles when taking into account the critiques made by indigenous people about medicine in general and psychiatry in particular.ConclusionsWe propose that participatory action-based approaches can improve service delivery to indigenous people. Indigenous cultures share a collectivist mindset in which the needs of the group supersede the needs of individuals, a reliance upon stories, and commitment to a biopsychosocial and spiritual approach.
Polyunsaturated fatty acid in treatment resistant depression: A pilot study
Authors: Jannini T. , Longo L. , Barone Y. , Niolu C. , Bernardini S. , Siracusano A. , Bertucci P. , Lorenzo G. Di 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe deficiency of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and an alteration between the ratio of omega-6 and omega-3 PUFAs may contribute to the pathogenesis of depressive disorders.ObjectivesTo investigate the levels of omega-3 and omega-6 in red cell membranes (mPUFAs) and plasma (pPUFAs) of patients with treatment-resistant (TRD) and non-treatment resistant depression (non-TRD).MethodsTRD and non-TRD consisted of 75 patients enrolled at the Psychiatric and Clinic Psychology Unit of the University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy, and met the DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD). A group of healthy controls (HC) matched for agender and age was enrolled. All blood samples were performed in conditions of an empty stomach between 07:00 am and 09:00 am. For each subject were obtained 5 ml of whole blood with the use of tubes for plasma with EDTA as an anticoagulant. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for omega-3 and arachidonic acid (AA) for omega-6 were measured.ResultsLevels of pPUFAs did not differ between the three groups. The mPUFAs were altered in the MDD. TRD and non-TRD had lower EPA and AA values respect to the HC. DHA in red cell membranes was lower in TRD than non-TRD and HC.ConclusionsChanges in levels of PUFAs in red cell membranes, but not in plasma, may be an important factor to evaluate the resistance to the pharmacological treatment.
Overnight affective dynamics and sleep characteristics as predictors of depression and its development
Authors: Minaeva O. , George S. , Kuranova A. , Wichers M. , Riese H. , Booij S. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionGreater affective inertia during the day (higher carry-over effects of prior affect to the current moment) is associated with depression and its development. However, the role of overnight affective inertia (from evening to morning) in depression, and the role of sleep therein, has been scarcely studied.ObjectivesWe examined i) the difference in overnight inertia for positive (PA) and negative affect (NA) between individuals with past depression, current depression, and no depression; ii) how sleep duration and quality influence overnight affective inertia in these groups, and iii) whether overnight affective inertia predicts depression development.MethodsWe used data of 579 women from the East-Flanders Prospective Twin Survey. First, individuals with past (n=82), current (n=26), and no depression (n=471) at baseline were examined, and then individuals who did (n=58) and did not (n=319) develop depression at 12-months follow-up. Affect was assessed 10 times a day for 5 days. Sleep was assessed with sleep diaries. Affective inertia was operationalized as the influence of affectt-1 on affectt. Linear mixed-effect models were used to test the hypotheses.ResultsOvernight affective inertia was not associated with depression, neither was it differently associated with sleep characteristics in the depression groups. However, sleep characteristics were more negatively associated with morning NA in both depression groups compared to the non-depressed group. Overnight affective inertia did not predict the development of depression at follow-up.ConclusionsDepression and sleep characteristics might be more related to mean affect levels rather than to more complex emotion dynamics measures. Replication of these findings with longer time-series is needed.
Inaugural seizure in a patient submitted to electroconvulsive therapy and anti-psychotic treatment: Who’s the culprit?
Authors: Figueiredo I. , Rodrigues A.C. , Pereira I. , Oliveira C. , Bento A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionElectroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is one of the most effective treatments for Depressive Disorder. Although its safety and tolerability have been throughout the years, it still holds common mild and rarely persistent side effects.ObjectivesThe aim is to review some of the most recent data on the connection between inaugural seizures in psychiatric patients being submitted to ECT for treatment of Major Depressive Disorder, while also discussing the possible contribution of the concomitant use of clozapine and clomipramine.MethodsThe authors present a case report of an episode of an inaugural seizure in a patient submitted to ECT, with concomitant use of clozapine and clomipramine. A search on Pubmed and Clinicalkey was performed, from which the relevant publications were selected and reviewed.ResultsThe authors present a 62 year old woman who developed an inaugural generalized tonic-clonic seizure after being submitted to ECT for treatment of Recurrent Major Depressive Disorder (RMDD), while also carrying out clozapine and clomipramine dosage reduction, with the purpose of discontinuation. The patient had no history of previous seizures, nor were there relevant findings in the patient’s neurological examination, blood work, brain CT or EEG.ConclusionsThere is a plethora of possible factors involved in the development of an inaugural seizure. Although, the risk of spontaneous seizure during ECT is low, it may be increased by the concomitant use of drugs which can lower the seizure threshold. In most cases, when ECT was resumed after removal of such triggers, there were no further complications.
Dysthymia through time: A review
Authors: Valadas M.T. , Freitas R. Mota 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionDysthymia is defined in ICD-10 as a chronic depression of mood which does not currently fulfil the criteria for recurrent depressive disorder, mild or moderate severity, in terms of either severity or duration of individual episodes. Although it only entered the psychiatric classifications in DSM-III and ICD-10, this syndrome has been a subject of several changes in conceptualization and classification.ObjectivesWe aim to perform an historical review on dysthymia and related concepts.MethodsWe performed an updated review in the PubMed database using the terms “dysthymia”, “dysthymic disorder”, “persistent depressive disorder”, “neurotic depression” and “depressive personality”. The included articles were selected by title and abstract. We also consulted reference textbooks.ResultsDepressive symptoms have been recognized since Antiquity, however, depressive disorders with a chronic course were only conceptualized in the 1970s. Dysthymia represents the confluence of older concepts, including neurotic depression and depressive personality and entered the psychiatric classifications in DSM-III and ICD-10. Presently, this syndrome is classified as persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia) in DSM-5 and named dysthymic disorder in ICD-11.ConclusionsThe concepts regarding mental illness and psychiatric diagnoses are constantly evolving. Having knowledge about historical concepts is essential for a clear communication among psychiatrists, adding to the differential diagnosis process and improving patient care.
Health anxiety in patients with depression with somatic symptoms and psychodermatological disorders
Authors: Ermusheva A. , Vinogradova M. , Tkhostov A. , Pechnikova L. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAs significance of medically unexplained symptoms increases in general practice it is important to discuss psychopathological comorbidity regarding the impact of health anxiety indicating sufferers excessive care use.ObjectivesTo study the impact of health anxiety in depression with somatic symptoms.Methods50 patients with depression with somatic symptoms compared to 79 patients with psychodermatological disorders with complaints of pathological skin sensations completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Short Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI). The Mann-Whitney U-Test was applied. The psychosemantic method “Classification of sensations” was used to differentiate patients’ bodily experience. Factor analysis was performed.ResultsScores on HADS-anxiety and SHAI were significantly higher in depression (U=645, p=0.009; U=89.5; p=0.036), although there were no significant differences on HADS-depression. Factor analysis showed a polarization of bodily experience categories in depression as the first factor (38% of total variance) included negative emotions with somatic sensations of exhaustion and the second factor (10% of total variance) included pleasant sensations and positive emotions with the negative sign of factor loadings. In psychodermatological disorders the first factor (31% of total variance) was quite similar, however the second factor (12% of total variance) included skin and general somatic sensations illustrating the higher concern with somatic symptoms.ConclusionsHigher health anxiety in depression with somatic symptoms compared to psychodermatological disorders (more concerned with bodily experience) could be associated with patients’ complaints of emotional state indicating differences in psychological mechanisms. The research was supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research with the Grant 20-013-00799.
Prescribing exercise as a treatment for depression
Authors: Pereira F. , Martins P. , Barros J. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionDepression is a heterogeneous syndrome linked to significant structural brain abnormalities, such as volumetric reductions in the hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex and prefrontal cortex, as well as compromised white matter integrity. Recent growing evidence suggests that exercise is a promising and compelling treatment for depression in adults, showing effects that are comparable to other first-line treatments for depression.ObjectivesThis review aims to improve our understanding of the biological pathways involved in both the pathophysiology of depression and the antidepressant effects of exercise.MethodsThis literature review considers the latest available scientific research addressing a comprehensive analysis of the antidepressant effect of physical exercise and the biological pathways involved.ResultsPhysical activity has been shown to have a multimodal effect that stimulates biochemical pathways and restores neuronal structures disturbed in depression. Experimental evidence supports exercise-induced increases in hippocampal, anterior cingulate cortex and prefrontal cortex volume, suggesting that exercise and antidepressant medication may alleviate depression through common neuromolecular mechanisms. However, the benefits of exercise may also persist beyond the end of treatment, unlike antidepressant medication.ConclusionsGiven the undeniable scientific evidence favoring physical exercise in alleviating depression, it is of crucial importance to recommend this treatment in adjunct to psychotherapy and medication. Individuals at risk for depression also greatly benefit from it’s neuroprotective effects and should prioritize lifestyle changes. In older adults, there is a greater need for non-pharmaceutical treatments for depression due to limited efficacy of pharmaceutical treatments in this population.
Pending challenges to e-mental health in the COVID-19 era: Acceptability of a smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment application among patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Authors: Lopez-Morinigo J.-D. , Luisa B.-E. Maria , Porras-Segovia A. , Martínez A. Sánchez-Escribano , Escobedo-Aedo P.-J. , Ruiz-Ruano V. González , Mata-Iturralde L. , Muñoz-Lorenzo L. , Sánchez-Alonso S. , Artés-Rodríguez A. , Baca-Garcia E. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionConcerns have been raised about ecological momentary assessment (EMA) acceptability among patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), which is of major relevance during the e-Mental health-focused COVID-19 pandemic.ObjectivesTo investigate i) the levels of adherence to a passive smartphone-based EMA tool, the Evidence-Based Behavior (eB2), among SSD patients; and ii) putative predictors of this.MethodsSample: SSD (F20-29-ICD10) outpatients, age 18-64, without financial incentives, recruited over 17/06/2019-11/03/2020 at the Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz (Madrid, Spain). Those who accepted the eB2 installation -users- and those who did not -non-users- were compared in sociodemographic, clinical, premorbid adjustment, neurocognitive, psychopathological, insight and metacognitive variables by a multivariable binary logistic regression model.ResultsSample (N=77): n=41 males; age: 47.69±9.76 years, n=24 users (31.2%). n=14 users (70%) had the eB2 installed at follow-up (median=14.50 weeks).Multivariable binary logistic regression model on ‘user’ as outcomeβSEWaldpOR95% CIAge-0.0750.0383.9100.0480.9280.861-0.999Education level-0.9671.2890.5630.4530.3800.030-4.755Early adolescence premorbid adjustment-0.2850.1106.6950.0100.7520.606-0.933Trail Making Test A-0.0300.0251.4880.2220.9700.924-1.018Trail Making Test B-0.0050.0100.2780.5980.9950.976-1.014Cognitive Insight0.0620.0611.0430.3071.0640.944-1.200X2=25.296,df=6,p<0.001. Nagelkerke-R2=44.7%. Correctly classified: 76.9%, users:54.5%, non-users:88.4%.ConclusionsAcceptability of a smartphone-based EMA application among SSD patients was low. Age (young) and good premorbid adjustment predicted acceptability. e-Mental Health methods need to be tailored for patients with SSD. Otherwise, these highly vulnerable individuals may be neglected by e-health-based services in the post-COVID-19 years ahead.