bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is the Modern Human Eating? Dietary Transition of the Age-Old to the Modern Man of India
Authors: John Daisy A. , Babu Giridhara R. 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: The objective of this review is to examine the changes in food consumption pattern of Indians over the years and to recommend evidence-based policy making regarding all the factors affecting food consumption.Methods: We have reviewed the articles from major databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. The keywords used for the search included dietary pattern, dietary trend, dietary intake, food system, nutrition system, prehistoric food systems, drought, famine, whole grains, diets, prices, income, environment, urban food consumption, processed foods, food security, food preferences, demographic transition, fat intake, food production, public distribution system, food consumption pattern, Indian agriculture, and India.Results: There is no facilitating environment for the production and cultivation of healthy and sustainable food.Conclusion: Policymakers should make major amendments to food and agricultural policies, and demotivate the consumption of junk food.
Polo Norte do comunismo?
Authors: Alexandre Andreto Lucas 
Published: March 2022

Apesar da historiografia contar com razoável produção sobre o Partido Comunista Brasileiro (PCB), o estudo sobre a atuação local dos comunistas ainda é um campo profícuo de pesquisas. Nesse sentido, a atuação do PCB na cidade de São Paulo na década de 1920 destaca-se por ter sido caracterizada pela historiografia como fraca, apesar de São Paulo ser, na época, a maior cidade industrial do Brasil e com rico histórico de organização dos trabalhadores. Neste artigo pretendemos demonstrar que os comunistas paulistanos tiveram uma ativa atuação na capital paulista durante a década de 1920, participando de importantes acontecimentos políticos e sociais da metrópole, ainda que não tenham conseguido acumular a mesma capacidade de organização e mobilização dos operários que no Rio de Janeiro.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat melalui Pengemasan dan Pemasaran Produk Lokal (Jambu Mete dan Kawis) Desa Sembungin Kecamatan Bancar
Authors: Agus Sifa' Moh , Ummah Siti Effi Nur , Amalia  
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui pengemasan dan pemasaran produk lokal (jambu mete dan kawis) Desa Sembungin Kecamatan Bancar. Desa Sembungin yang merupakan salah satu penghasilan terbesarnya dari sektor pertanian. Masyarakat Desa Sembungin mayoritas adalah petani yang sebagian besar mempunyai pohon jambu mete dan kawis. Dan dengan banyaknya jambu mete dan kawis, masyrakat Sembungin telah memanfaatkan dari kedua buah tersebut. Jambu mete dioleh menjadi makanan, seperti jambu krispi dan abon. Kawis diolah menjadi jenang kawis dan sirup kawis. Akan tetapi, dengan banyaknya produk lokal tersebut hanya digunakan masyarakat sebagai konsumsi sendiri, sehingga tidak jarang pula jambu mete terbuang sia-sia tanapa ada nilai jualnya. Padahal produk jambu mete dan kawis berpotensi besar untuk dikembangkan di Desa Sembungin. Permasalahan yang dihadapi masyarakat Sembungin adalah kurang adanya pengetahuan terkait pengemasan dan pemasaran poduk. Melalui pendekatan Participatory Action research (PAR), program ini menitikberatkan pada pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui pengemasan dan pemasaran produk lokal Desa Sembungin. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama satu bulan di bulan Agustus 2021. Lokasi penelitian ini dipilih dengan pertimbangan yaitu lokasi yang sentra budidaya jambu mete dan kawis.
KAJIAN ETNOBIOLOGI DALAM PEMANFAATAN TUMBUHAN DAN HEWAN PADA UPACARA IRAW TENGKAYU SUKU TIDUNG DI KOTA TARAKAN, KALIMANTAN UTARA SERTA POTENSINYA SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR BIOLOGI
Authors: Fitria Wahyu , Sinaga Jamardi , Sugiono A. Muh. , Abrori Fadhlan Muchlas 
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis tumbuhan dan hewan yang digunakan dalam upacara Iraw Tengkayu. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengambilan data melalui participatory rural appraisal (PRA). Pemilihan informan dengan menggunakan teknik snowball sampling. Informan secara keseluruhan berjumlah 15 orang, yang terdiri dari kepala adat, sando (dukun) dan budayawan. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa suku hewan yang digunakan dalam upacara ini hanya pada suku Phasianidae. Sementara itu, pada tumbuhan 2 suku terbanyak yang digunakan adalah Arecaceae (21%) dan Dipterocarpaceae (13%). Hasil penelitian dapat digunakan sebagai materi utama dan tambahan dalam perkuliahan etnobotani dan etnozoologi terutama terkait keaneragaman tumbuhan dan hewan yang digunakan pada kehidupan masyarakat.Kata Kunci: Etnobotani, Etnozoologi, Iraw Tengkayu, Biologi
PROFIL PENGETAHUAN HAKIKAT SAINS CALON GURU PENDIDIKAN BIOLOGI DI UNIVERSITAS BORNEO TARAKAN
Authors: Ribka Ribka , Vlorensius Vlorensius , Nugroho Endik Deni 
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the understanding of biology teacher candidates at the University of Borneo Tarakan regarding the nature of science. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive study. The instruments used were test questions and questionnaire sheets. The results of the research on understanding the nature of science for 121 biology teacher candidates at the University of Borneo Tarakan showed that the understanding of the nature of science for biology teacher candidates was categorized as good. The highest score for understanding the nature of science by prospective teachers on the aspect of creativity is 78, while the lowest score for understanding the nature of science by prospective teachers on the aspects of tentative and socio-cultural embeddednes is 65. Keywords: nature of science, biology teacher candidates
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN NUMBERED HEAD TOGETHER (NHT) BERBANTUAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA SISWA KELAS VIII SMPN3 NUNUKANSELATAN
Authors: Siska Siska , Vlorensius Vlorensius , Zulfadli Zulfadli 
Published: March 2022

A teacher must be able to create conducive atmosphere of learning, innovative and creative by sticking to a student-oriented approach. This can be realized through various ways, one of them is learning by applying various suitable learning models and supporting learning media. This study aimed to improve science achievement of the VIII grade students at SMPN 3 Nunukan Selatan by applying the Numbered Head Together (NHT) learning model assisted by audio-visual media. This was a Classroom Action Research which consisted of two cycles. Each cycle consisted of two meetings followed by stages of planning, action,observation and reflection. The instruments used in this study were observation sheets of teacher activities and student activities, assessment sheets (aspects of attitude and skills), test results and student worksheets (aspects of knowledge). The results showed that the NHT assisted by audio-visual media improved science achievement of the VIII grade students at SMPN 3 Nunukan Selatan. Classically, there was an increase in the learner achievement from the first cycle to the second cycle in all three aspects measured. For the aspect of knowledge there was an increase from 50% in the first cycle to 79% in the second cycle. For the aspect of attitude there was an increase from 64% in the first cycle to 96% in the second cycle. For the aspect of skills there was an increase from 61% in the first cycle 86% in the second cycle. Thestudents’ scores reached the completeness indicator (75%). In addition, the observations result of teacher teaching activities in the first cycle was 82 (very good category) and the second cycle was 86(very good category).The observation result of student activities in the first cycle was 70% (good category) and in the second cycle was 93% (very good category).Keywords: Numbered Head Together, Audio Visual Media, Learning Outcome
PENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI DAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR TINGKAT TINGGI SISWA MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN PREDICT-OBSERVE-EXPLAIN PADA MATERI KERAGAMAN HAYATI
Authors: Arbayati Arbayati 
Published: March 2022

Motivation to learn is the power to direct or maintain a goal in learning. Learning motivation is able to influence students' thinking ability. Students' learning motivation and thinking skills can be improved through active learning, namely predict-observe-explain (POE). This study aims to increase students' motivation and higher order thinking skills through the implementation of POE in biodiversity learning. This classroom action research consisted of two cycles, with a sample of 37 students. This research was conducted in August-September 2020 which consisted of planning, implementing actions, observing, and reflecting. The research instrument consisted of a learning motivation questionnaire and a test of biodiversity description. The results showed that the mean learning motivation in the first cycle was 58.37 in the criteria of sufficiently motivated, in the second cycle 64.97 was categorized as sufficiently motivated and the average high level thinking ability of students in the first cycle was 53.51, then there was an increase in the second cycle, namely 79.27. The conclusion in this study is the application of the POE model can improve learning motivation and high-order thinking skills of class X MIPA 2 SMA Negeri 3 Tarakan on the subject of Biodiversity. Keywords: Motivation, higher order thinking skill, predict observe explain
KEPRAKTISAN BUKU AJAR MIKROBIOLOGI UMUM : KAJIAN UJICOBA PENGEMBANGAN
Authors: Wijarini Fitri 
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to determine the practicality of general microbiology textbook. The research method used in RD, according to Borg and Gall. The data collection instrument was in the form of a questionnaire tested on a small-scale test and a large-scale test. The research subjects in the small-scale trial were 12 students, while in the large-scale trial, there were 40 students with high, medium, and low cognitive categories. The study results obtained a value of 85.33% in the very practical category for small-scale trials. In contrast, in large-scale trials, the value was obtained with a percentage of 85.66% with the very practical category. Keywords: practicality, microbiology, textbook.
PENGEMBANGAN ALAT PERAGA SISTEM PENCERNAAN UNTUK SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Noer Roby Zulkarnain 
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Learning science for elementary school students is a difficult thing. Especially when the concept of learning is abstract. One example is material related to the digestive system. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a learning model that can show parts of the digestive system. The purpose of this study was to develop a model of the digestive system in elementary schools. This research uses research and development research. The results showed that the overall data from material expert validation, media expert validation, limited trial, main field trial, and operational field trial could conclude the feasibility of learning media for the human digestive system in class V SDN Utama 2 Tarakan is very feasible. Keywords: digestive system, media
PENGENALAN LITERASI MEDIA REALIA HERBARIUM DAN TERARIUM BERBASIS KERAGAMAN TUMBUHAN HUTAN TROPIS PADA GURU KELAS AWAL DI SDN 016 TARAKAN
Authors: Abrori Fadhlan Muchlas , Adhani Aidil , Wijarini Fitri , Rupa Darius , Pain Agustina Dai 
Published: March 2022

Abstract: The teaching and learning process in school needs to emphasize the contextual aspect to know the relation between material and life around. One of the media that can be used is herbarium and terrarium. This program provides understanding and training of herbarium and terrarium-making techniques to teachers to be used in the learning process in the classroom, especially in the early classes. This program's result includes: the average of plant identification skill's teacher before the program was 34.5 and after implementation of the program was 85.4. Based on the result of the ability of teacher of making herbarium, the highest score on the aspect of "active involvement in the activity" with an average was 86.5, while the lowest score on the aspect of "making conclusion according to result" with an average was 79, 5. The highest result of the average herbarium product is the completeness of the plant organ, and the completeness of the herbarium with an average value was 100. The lowest value is on the layout of the herbarium, with an average value was 84. In the terrarium making, the results obtained very well, the highest yield on the aspect of the planting media composition, the container's suitability, and the life span of the plant with a value was 100. Keywords : Herbarium, Terrarium, Media
Pengaruh Kafein terhadap Tekanan Intraokular
Authors: Juanito Julian , Supit Wenny P. , Rares Laya M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract: High intraocular pressure (IOP) is one of the risk factors of glaucoma or worsening of its prognosis. There are a lot of external factors that can affect IOP inter alia exercise, as well as some food and drinks. One of the drinks that could affect IOP is coffee that contains caffeine. This study was aimed to evaluate whether caffeine had an effect on IOP. This was a literature review study using 4 data bases, as follows: Clinical Key, Pub-med, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. The keywords were Caffeine OR Coffee OR Tea AND IOP OR Intraocular Pressure. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 literatures were selected. The results showed that some literatures reported an increase in IOP after caffeine consumption, the others reported a decrease in IOP, meanwhile some others did not find any change of IOP. In conclusion, the effect of caffeine on IOP was acute. People who had high intensity of caffeine consumption had a more significant increase in IOP after consuming caffeine.Keywords: caffeine, intraocular pressure (IOP) Abstrak: Peningkatan tekanan intraokular (TIO) merupakan salah satu faktor risiko untuk terjadinya glaukoma atau memperburuk prognosis glaukoma. Terdapat banyak faktor eksternal yang dapat memengaruhi TIO, antara lain olahraga, minuman, dan makanan. Salah satu minuman yang dapat memengaruhi TIO ialah kopi yang mengandung kafein. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh kafein pada tekanan intraokular. Jenis penelitian ialah literature review. Pencarian data menggunakan empat database yaitu Clinical key, PubMed, Google scholar, dan Science direct. Kata kunci yang digunakan yaitu Caffeine OR Coffee OR Tea AND IOP OR Intraocular Pressure. Seleksi data berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi mendapatkan 10 literatur. Hasil kajian mendapatkan bahwa beberapa penelitian melaporkan adanya peningkatan TIO setelah konsumsi kafein, penelitian lain melaporkan penurunan TIO, dan terdapat pula penelitian yang tidak menemukan perubahan apapun. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah pengaruh kafein pada TIO hanya berlangsung akut. Individu yang memiliki intensitas konsumsi kafein lebih tinggi menunjukkan peningkatan TIO yang lebih nyata setelah mengonsumsi kafein.Kata kunci: kafein, tekanan intraokular (TIO)
La complejidad de la actitud humana y el cambio climático
Authors: Salguero de Argueta Aura Mayorga , Peralta Martínez Zulma Karina , Palma y Palma Delmy Marleny , Acevedo Edna Odilia , Piox José Domingo 
Published: March 2022

El cambio climático es el fenómeno natural cuya presencia se ha mostrado de manera vertiginosa en la vida cotidiana, afectando de manera preocupante el orden sistemático de los demás sucesos geológicos a nivel mundial. Es el resultado de las complejas relaciones del ser humano con los recursos naturales y constituye un desafío que debe ponérsele atención tanto a nivel local como mundial. Esto permite abordar la función que desempeña el ser humano en su interrelación con la naturaleza, así como las circunstancias diversas que han incidido en el deterioro ambiental; como consecuencia del avance tecnológico paralelo a la actitud manifiesta del hombre, como beneficiario y víctima del desarrollo socioeconómico. En el presente artículo se enfoca la salud mental condicionada por los efectos del cambio climático, la contaminación, el desequilibrio que se advierte en los ecosistemas como limitante a un ambiente de calidad entre los organismos vivos y la concientización del ser humano para un cambio de actitud en cuanto al uso adecuado de los recursos naturales, para asegurar un mundo sustentable.
Strategi Pengembangan Objek Wisata Danau Mare Sebagai Destinasi Ekowisata di Kabupaten Katingan
Authors: Novi Iskandarsyah  , Petrus S. Senas  , Panji Surawijaya  
Published: March 2022

Danau Mare adalah salah satu objek wisata di Kabupaten Katingan yang potensinya saat ini belum dikembangkan secara optimal, meski keindahannya telah dikenal masyarakat sekitar. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan strategi pengembangan objek wisata Danau Mare. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi lapangan, dokumentasi, dan wawancara dengan responden kunci. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan metode SWOT untuk mengetahui kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang serta ancaman yang ada, dan untuk mendapatkan strategi yang terbaik. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa objek wisata Danau Mare dapat dikembangkan dengan mempertahankan keberadaan potensi yang telah ada dan membangun situs-situs sejarah sebagai daya tarik wisata. Pemerintah perlu bekerjasama dengan pihak lain dalam pengembangan sarana dan prasarana, dan atraksi wisata yang berbasis keunikan sosial budaya (tradisi masyarakat).
Medical Investigation and Clinical Changes in the Early Phases of Post Burn Adult Inpatients as Indicators for Prompt Infection Diagnosis, in the Hospital for Burn and Plastic Surgery, Sulaimanyah, Iraq
Authors: Abdilkarim Dana 
Published: March 2022

Background: Burn injury is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Burn related hospital acquired infections is one of the major problems in the management of these injuries.
Aim of the study: To elaborate on the early laboratory and microbial culture changes in adult burn inpatients, and to make use of subtle changes in the laboratory investigations, to predict and detect infections in burn victims, in its early phases.
Patients and Methods: A Clinical observational study included a random sample of one hundred adult burn inpatients from Sulaymaniyah Burn Hospital, admitted from April 2019 to January 2021, retrospectively and prospectively followed up during the course of the study.
Results: thirty one (31%) patients were male and 69% were female, all patients were adults and aged ≥18 years. 51 % of them had mix II-III degree burns, while 38% second and 11% third degree burns. Hematocrit decreased, total WBC count increased while platelet in most of the patients was normal. Blood urea was increased, Serum creatinine levels were normal in most of the patient in first three weeks of their admission. Eleven patients (11%) died. Whereas 36% of the patients who died had Total Body Surface Area burn of more than 60%, while 72% of them had II and III degree burns. Also 90% of the patients had infections, majority of the isolate results were Gram-negative bacteria (66.8%), and (33.2%) were Gram-positive. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (32.5%) was the most common gram negative. The Staphylococcus aureus (33.2%) was the gram positive organism recovered. While 66.6% of patients had fever during the first week, 55.5% of patients had fever in second week. Most of the patients, who had fever, were infected with S.aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa throughout the second week post burn.
Conclusion and recommendations; Many laboratories and microbial parameter changes occur in the early phases of post burning, of which Leukocytosis can be a good predictor for infection in burns, especially when it happens in the second week and beyond. Yet it cannot distinguish gram negative from gram positive bacterial infections. To detect any change in the back ground laboratory parameters, as soon as they happen, infections in burns can be detected or suspected
Higher Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus Among Patient with Nonarteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Almaliky Ahmed , Mansoor Hani , Alabbood Majid 
Published: March 2022

Background: The association of diabetes mellitus, nighttime blood pressure dipping and nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy is inconclusive. There has been no study to test this association among Arab Patients.
Objectives: This study aims to test the association between diabetes mellitus, nighttime blood pressure dipping and nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy among cohort of patients from Basrah, Southern Iraq.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on patients with nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy conducted at the ophthalmology clinic at Faiha Teaching Hospital in 2018. Patients with nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy were screened for diabetes mellitus. Ambulatory blood pressure monitor was attached to some of the participants for 24 hours. Nighttime blood pressure dipping was classified into 4 categories: normal, blunted, severe and reverse.
Results: A total of 74 patients with nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy were included. Females constituted 64.9 % of the cases. Forty patients (53.3%) were found to have diabetes mellitus. While 41 participants (55.5 %) were hypertensive. Nocturnal dipping of blood pressure was measured in 38 patients. Only 6 (15.7%) of them had severe dipping.
Conclusions: There may be an association between diabetes mellitus but not nighttime blood pressure dipping with nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy.
Una visión comparada de las constituciones de 1863 y 1886
Authors: Rodríguez Sanabria Vladimir , Rodríguez Alexander Monroy 
Published: March 2022

El artículo hace un análisis comparado de la forma de estado entre las constituciones de 1863 y 1886, ayudado por el contexto histórico, para mostrar de manera crítica las realidades de lo que ha significado el Estado Federal y el Estado Central en Colombia y como el partidismo ha desfigurado estos conceptos, afectando el sentido propio de las regiones y también a la caracterización de la nación colombiana. Se concluye que el federalismo y el centralismo aún siguen siendo puntos de debate y, también, que debe permitirse espacios de democracia y la participación para facilitar propuestas que construyan una tercera vía, respecto las formas de equidistantes de estado.
Comparison of the minor actinide transmutation efficiency in models of a fast neutron uranium-thorium fueled reactor
Authors: Korobeinikov Valery V. , Kolesov Valery V. , Mikhalev Aleksandr V. 
Published: March 2022

In terms of nuclear raw materials, the issue of involving thorium in the fuel cycle is hardly very relevant. However, in view of the large-scale nuclear power development, the use of thorium seems to be quite natural and reasonable. The substitution of traditional uranium-plutonium fuel for uranium-thorium fuel in fast neutron reactors will significantly reduce the production of minor actinides, which will make it attractive for the transmutation of long-lived radioactive isotopes of americium, curium and neptunium that have already been and are still being accumulated.
Due to the absence of uranium-233 in nature, the use of thorium in the nuclear power industry requires a closed fuel cycle. At the initial stage of developing the uranium-thorium cycle, it is proposed to use uranium-235 instead of uranium-233 as nuclear fuel.
Studies have been carried out on the transmutation of minor actinides in a fast neutron reactor in which the uranium-thorium cycle is implemented. Several options for the structure of the core of such a reactor have been considered. It has been shown that heterogeneous placement of americium leads to higher rates of its transmutation than homogeneous placement does.