bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sociodemographic characteristics of living liver donors: Few changes over 20 years
Authors: Kaplan Alyson , Wahid Nabeel , Lee Jihui , Fortune Brett E. , Halazun Karim J. , Fox Alyson , Brown Robert S. , Samstein Benjamin , Rosenblatt Russell 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroduction: Although there are well‐documented challenges in access to living donor liver transplant (LDLT) among recipients, it is unclear whether living liver donors (LLDs) face similar challenges.Methods: We analyzed the UNOS Standard Transplant Analysis and Research database, including LLDs ≥ 18 years in the United States from 1/1998 to 12/2018. We compared sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, race/ethnicity, education level, employment status, BMI, and relationship to recipient) of LLDs across three eras—pre‐MELD (1998‐2002), MELD (2003‐2013), and post‐direct acting antivirals (DAA) (2014‐2018). We also described sociodemographic characteristics of living donor recipients and waitlisted patients. Chi‐squared and one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to compare categorical and continuous variables, respectively.Results: From 1998 to 2018, 4756 LDLTs and 99 765 DDLTs were performed. Across the three eras, LLD age did not change significantly (P = .3), but donors were generally young (mean age 37 ± 11). While men comprised most LLDs in the pre‐MELD era (55.2%), women surpassed them in the post‐DAA era (52.9%), P < .001. In total, White donors comprised 81.5% of total LLDs, while Black and Asian donors were a small minority of total donors (3.7% and 2.5%, respectively). Most donors had at least a college education and were employed. Educational attainment and employment did not significantly change over the study period.Conclusion: During the last 20 years, LLDs have remained White, employed, highly educated, and young with increasing numbers of women LLDs. The relative lack of change in the characteristics of donors is likely attributable largely to socioeconomic factors, which should be assessed in future investigation.
Use of the von Willebrand factor concentrate with low factor VIII content to manage patients with inherited von Willebrand disease requiring surgical or secondary long‐term prophylaxis: An expert opinion paper from an Italian panel
Authors: Castaman Giancarlo , Borchiellini Alessandra , Coppola Antonio , Cultrera Dorina , Marino Renato , Federici Augusto B. , Giuffrida Anna Chiara , Marchesini Emanuela , Molinari Angelo Claudio , Maria Siboni Simona , Zanon Ezio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe present review aims to summarize the state‐of‐the‐art von Willebrand disease (VWD) treatment focusing on specific clinical settings (obstetrics, surgery, long‐term prophylaxis and comorbidities) as well as on the use of a Von Willebrand factor (VWF) concentrate with low FVIII content.MethodsLiterature research and case reports.Results and ConclusionsConsidering that patients affected by VWD have an intact ability to synthesize FVIII, in order to avoid excessive levels of FVIII, a highly purified plasma VWF concentrate with low FVIII content could be particularly useful in those patients and clinical circumstances at high thrombotic risk as well as for long‐term prophylaxis. When deciding the optimal therapeutic strategy, physicians should take into account both the patient's history and the differences among available concentrates according to the clinical situations requiring treatment.
Exploring how adolescent boys' and girls' internalizing and externalizing behaviors impact parental self‐efficacy: A vignette study
Authors: Glatz Terese , Buchanan Christy M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe examine the effect of children's sex and behaviors on parents' level of parental self‐efficacy (PSE).BackgroundPSE is a fundamental predictor of effective and positive parenting. Child characteristics could influence PSE and can help in understanding why some parents feel lower PSE.MethodWe randomly assigned 1,020 American parents to read one of four vignettes describing a 16‐year‐old boy or girl with either externalizing or internalizing behaviors. Then, parents reported on their level of PSE for this hypothetical adolescent. We ran analyses of variance, including the sex of parents' focal child (6th–12th grade) as a factor.ResultsParents reported higher levels of PSE for girls and for externalizing behaviors than for boys and internalizing behaviors, respectively. A three‐way interaction (vignette behavior × vignette sex × focal child's sex) was significant for the level of PSE. Parents whose focal child was a boy reported higher levels of PSE if they read a vignette of a boy with externalizing behaviors than if they read a vignette of a boy with internalizing behaviors. This was not found for parents whose focal child was a girl.ConclusionThe results gave partial support for a sex‐incongruent hypothesis, as parents might find it easier to relate to the problems described if they have at least one child of the same sex as the vignette child.ImplicationsThese results offer a test of the effect of children's sex and behavior on PSE that has been lacking in the PSE literature.
Weight status change from birth to childhood and high carotid intima‐media thickness in childhood
Authors: Liu Ziqi , Yang Lili , Zhao Min , Magnussen Costan G. , Xi Bo 
Published: May 2022

SummaryBackgroundHigh birth weight or childhood overweight increases the risk of high carotid intima‐media thickness (cIMT) in childhood. However, no studies have assessed the association between change in weight status from birth to childhood and cIMT in childhood.ObjectivesWe examined the association between weight status change from birth to childhood and cIMT in childhood based on a population‐based study of Chinese children.MethodsData were from the Huantai Childhood Cardiovascular Health Cohort Study. A total of 1307 primary school children aged 6–11 years were included. Children were categorized into four groups based on their weight status at birth and at childhood: persistently normal weight, weight loss, weight gain, and persistently high weight.ResultsCompared with children with persistently normal weight from birth to childhood, those with weight gain (odds ratio [OR] = 6.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.36–10.76) and persistently high weight (OR = 5.78, 95% CI = 2.60–12.82) had increased odds of high cIMT in childhood. In contrast, children who had high birth weight but became normal weight in childhood did not have significantly increased odds of high cIMT in childhood (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 0.28–5.67).ConclusionsOverweight in childhood was associated with increased odds of high cIMT irrespective of birth weight status. The odds of high cIMT in childhood could be reversed if newborn with high birth weight become normal weight in childhood.
Abiotic passive nitrogen and methane enrichment during exhumation of subducted rocks: Primary multiphase fluid inclusions in high‐pressure rocks from the Cabo Ortegal Complex, NW Spain
Authors: Spránitz Tamás , Padrón‐Navarta José Alberto , Szabó Csaba , Szabó Ábel , Berkesi Márta 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPrimary multiphase fluid inclusions (MFI) were studied in one eclogite and two granulites from the Cabo Ortegal Complex (COC, NW Spain) by means of Raman imaging, Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS) and Focused Ion Beam ‐ Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB)‐SEM. Complementary, secondary MFI in pyroxenites from COC were also investigated. MFI hosted in eclogite and granulites occur along growth zones or in 3D clusters in garnet porphyroblasts suggesting a primary origin at high‐pressure (HP) metamorphic conditions. The mineral assemblage of MFI is mainly composed of Fe‐Mg‐Ca‐carbonates and phyllosilicates ± graphite ± quartz ± corundum ± pyrite ± apatite ± rutile and a fluid phase composed of nitrogen ± methane ± carbon‐dioxide. The mineral proportions vary among the lithologies. Dominant carbonates and hydrous silicates are interpreted as step‐daughter minerals (crystals formed in the MFI after entrapment as a result of fluid–host interaction), whereas apatite, quartz and rutile are considered in part as accidentally trapped minerals since they also occur as crystal inclusions together with MFI in each rock type. Quartz and corundum occur together in MFI in ultramafic granulite and are regarded as step‐daughter minerals in this lithology. These observations suggest that the MFI are products of post‐entrapment reactions of a homogeneous COHN fluid system with the host mineral. Thermodynamic calculations in the CaFMAS‐COHN system confirmed that bulk composition of the MFI in eclogite is similar to the host garnet+COHN composition except for a potential lost of H2O. Carbonation and hydration reaction between the host (i.e. garnet or pyroxene) and the fluid inclusion results in the consumption of all CO2 and part of the H2O from the fluid phase producing Ca‐Fe‐Mg‐carbonates and hydrous step‐daughter minerals, mostly pyrophyllite and chlorite. Nitrogen content of the originally trapped COHN fluid in eclogite was estimated to have a maximum value of 10 mol% at peak HP conditions and 30–40 mol% at retrograde conditions that is within the range of the observed MFI in the residual fluid (13–68 mol%). Pseudosection modelling confirmed the stability of the phase assemblage in the MFI in a specific low‐pressure, low‐temperature stability field (between 300°C and 400°C at pressures < 1 GPa), caused by H2O‐ and CO2‐consuming reactions possibly in a single step. Our findings indicate that such processes in the exhuming HP units may play a role in global nitrogen and carbon cycling as well as potentially contributing to nitrogen and methane supply to subsurface–surface environments during devolatilization in the forearc regions of convergent plate margins.
Is there a correlation between the second to fourth digit ratio and vitiligo? A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Demirbaş Abdullah , Eker Hediye 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsVitiligo is a multifactorial, acquired skin disease of unknown etiology characterized by depigmented patches caused by melanocyte loss. The ratio of the second to fourth digits (2D:4D) is believed to be a marker of prenatal androgen exposure. Among the many hypotheses for melanocyte loss, one is that sex hormones may play a role in the development of vitiligo. In this study, we aimed to investigate a possible relationship between vitiligo and 2D:4D ratios.Material and MethodsThe participants in this study were healthy volunteers and patients with vitiligo. This study included 100 patients with vitiligo and 110 healthy controls. An electronic Vernier caliper was employed to measure the finger lengths. The Vitiligo Extent Tensity Index was used to rate the severity of vitiligo (VETI).ResultsThe study included 100 patients with vitiligo and 110 healthy volunteers of similar age and gender. The mean age of patients with vitiligo was 27.000 ± 13.000 years for females and 30.612 ± 9.112 years for males, and the study sample included 54 (49.09%) females and 56 (50.91%) male patients. Patients' 2D:4D ratios were significantly lower than those of the controls for right hands (p = 0.0001). For left hands, there was no correlation between the 2D:4D ratio (p = 0.740). There was no statistically significant correlation between the VETI score and the 2D/4D ratio (left hand, p = 0.136; right hand p = 0.329).ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first study to look at the link between 2D:4D ratios and vitiligo in the literature. The findings obtained in this study suggest that the 2D:4D ratio may be a predictor of vitiligo development.
Development and psychometric evaluation of the Attitudes Towards Recognising Early and Noticeable Deterioration (ATREND) scale
Authors: Chua Wei Ling , Smith Duncan , Wee Li‐Phing Clarice , Ting Kit Cheng , Yeo Min Li Kimberly , Mordiffi Siti Zubaidah , Liaw Sok Ying 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesTo develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of an instrument that measures nurses' Attitudes Towards Recognising Early and Noticeable Deterioration (ATREND).BackgroundGeneral ward nurses play an important role in recognising patient deterioration. However, their attitudes towards early recognition of clinical deterioration have not been adequately explored due to the lack of a valid and reliable scale.DesignAn instrument development and validation study.MethodsA three‐phase structure that followed the STROBE checklist was used: (1) item generation, (2) content and face validity assessment and (3) psychometric properties evaluation. The scale items were developed based on a comprehensive literature review and content validity assessment by 15 international experts from five countries. The psychometric properties of the ATREND scale were tested on 434 registered nurses, with retest evaluations (n = 100) at two hospitals. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to examine the factor structure of the scale. The scale was also evaluated for its internal consistency, test–retest reliability and convergent validity.ResultsThe scale's content validity was 0.95. A 3‐factor solution was identified from the final 11 items: (1) beliefs about importance of patient observation, (2) use of broader patient assessment skills and (3) confidence in recognising clinical deterioration. The internal consistency reliability of the scale was supported with an acceptable Cronbach's alpha value of 0.745. Test–retest reliability of the scale was excellent, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.825. The ATREND scale shows evidence of good convergent validity.ConclusionThe final 11‐item ATREND scale demonstrates adequate initial evidence of reliability and validity for use in acute ward settings.Relevance to clinical practiceNursing educators and clinicians may use this scale to assess ward nurses' attitudes and practices towards early recognition of clinical deterioration and then enhance their competencies and behaviours in the recognition of clinical deterioration.
Vicarious exposure to the criminal legal system among parents and siblings
Authors: Boen Courtney E. , Olson Hannah , Lee Hedwig 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study documents life course patterns of vicarious exposure to the criminal legal system among parents and siblings in the United States.BackgroundThe criminal legal system shapes family outcomes in important ways. Still, life course patterns of vicarious exposure to the system—especially to lower‐level contacts—among parents and siblings are not well documented.MethodUsing longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, Kaplan–Meier survival curves, and Cox regression models, we estimate cumulative risks of vicarious exposure to arrest, probation, and incarceration among parents (n = 3885 parents; 185,444 person‐years) and siblings (n = 1875; 44,766 person‐years) and examine disparities by race–ethnicity, gender, and education, and at their intersections.ResultsVicarious exposure to the system is common—but highly unequal—among parents and siblings. Racially minoritized parents and siblings had greater levels and earlier risks of exposure. For example, by age 50, an estimated one in five Black parents experienced having a child incarcerated, a risk about twice as high as White and 50% higher than Latinx parents. By age 26, an estimated 6 in 10 Black young people with brothers experienced having a brother arrested; more than 4 in 10 experienced a brother on probation; and more than 3 in 10 experienced brother incarceration. For many estimates, racialized inequities in risks of vicarious system exposure widened at higher levels of education.ConclusionThese findings provide essential context for understanding the role of the criminal legal system in maintaining and exacerbating family inequality.
Antroduodenal motility recording identifies characteristic patterns in gastroparesis related to underlying etiology
Authors: Hereijgers Maartje J. M. , Keszthelyi Daniel , Kruimel Joanna W. , Masclee Ad A. M. , Conchillo José M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundGastroparesis (GP) is a gastrointestinal disorder associated with significant morbidity and healthcare costs. GP patients form a heterogeneous population with diverse etiology, and treatment is often challenging due to a poorly understood underlying pathophysiology. The aim of the present study was to assess antroduodenal motility patterns among the different GP etiologies.MethodsWe reviewed antroduodenal manometry (ADM) recordings of patients with confirmed GP between 2009 and 2019. ADM measurements were evaluated for fed period duration, number of phase III contractions and migrating motor complexes (MMCs), motility index (MI), and presence of neuropathic patterns.Key resultsA total of 167 GP patients (142 women, median age 45 [31–57]) were included. The following etiologies were identified: idiopathic n = 101; post‐surgery n = 36; and diabetes n = 30. Fed period duration was significantly longer in idiopathic (p < 0.01) and diabetic GP patients (p < 0.05) compared with post‐surgery GP patients. Furthermore, the number and duration of phase III contractions and the number of MMCs were significantly lower in idiopathic and diabetic patients compared with post‐surgery GP patients (p < 0.01). Likewise, absence of MMCs during 6‐h recording was more often observed in idiopathic and diabetes GP patients compared with post‐surgery GP patients (resp. p < 0.01 and p < 0.05).Conclusions and InferencesAntroduodenal motility patterns are different among GP etiologies. A dysmotility spectrum was identified with different patterns ranging from post‐surgery GP to idiopathic and diabetic GP.
A comparison of postoperative complications following cardiac implantable electronic device procedures in patients treated with antithrombotic drugs
Authors: Demir Muhammed , Özbek Mehmet , Polat Nihat , Aktan Adem , Yıldırım Bünyamin , Argun Lokman , İldırımlı Kamran , Dursun Lezgin , Öztürk Cansu , Güzel Tuncay , Kılıç Raif , Toprak Nizamettin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of postoperative complications following cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) procedures in patients treated with antithrombotic drugs has not been studied sufficiently. Here we present a comparison of complications after CIED implantations.MethodsUsing an observational study design, the study included 1807 patients with a taking antiplatelet drugs (n: 1601), nonvitamin K anticoagulants (NOAC) (n: 136), and warfarin (n: 70) undergoing CIED surgery. Primary endpoint was accepted as cumulative events including composite of clinically significant hematoma (CSH), pericardial effusion or tamponade, pneumothorax, and infection related to device system. Secondary outcomes included each compenent of cumulative events. Multivariable analysis was performed to identify predictors of cumulative events.ResultsThe overall cumulative event rate was 3.7% (67 of 1807). Cumulative events occured 3.1% (50 of 1601) in the antiplatelet, 5.1% (7 of 136) NOAC, and 14.3% (10 of 70) warfarin groups (p < 0.001). CSH occurred in 2 of 70 patients (2.9%) in the warfarin group, as compared with 5 of 1601 (0.3%) in the antiplatelet group (p: 0.032). However, no significant differences were found between NOAC and warfarin groups in terms of CSH (0.7% vs. 2.9% respectively, p: 0.267). Warfarin treatment was an independent predictor of cumulative events and increased 2.9‐fold the risk of cumulative events. Major surgical complications were rare and did not differ significantly between the study groups.ConclusionsThe incidence and severity of complications may be lower in patients treated with periprocedurally antiplatelet or NOAC therapy when compared with warfarin therapy. Further randomized control studies are required to confirm our findings.
Anesthetic management in an infant with tetra‐amelia syndrome with congenital maxillomandibular fusion: A case report
Authors: Saeyup Pipat , Prasarnphan Daraneenuch , Charoenraj Pornarun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA 10‐month‐old girl who had tetra‐amelia syndrome and congenital maxillomandibular fusion (syngnathia) was scheduled for the surgical fusion separation. Anesthetic management for this case was considerably challenging. Standard monitoring was still applied to the patient's extremities. IV access was suspected to be difficult but firmly needed before intubation to provide resuscitation during an emergency. Connecting anesthetic circuit with nasopharyngeal airway was the preferred technique due to its benefits such as maintaining spontaneous ventilation, providing inhaled anesthetic, as well as monitoring oxygenation and ventilation. Importantly, the cornerstones for handling such complicated cases are multidisciplinary approach and teamwork.
Neotropical maize genotypes with different levels of benzoxazinoids affect fall armyworm development
Authors: Michereff Mirian F. F. , Nascimento Izabela N. , Santana Gisele T. , Sarria André L. F. , Borges Miguel , Laumann Raúl A. , Withall David M. , Caulfield John C. , Birkett Michael A. , Blassioli‐Moraes Maria Carolina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPlants are equipped with various defensive attributes against herbivores, including volatile and nonvolatile compounds. In maize plants, benzoxazinoids mediate resistance against some herbivores, with the most abundant being (2R)‐2‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyloxy‐4‐hydroxy‐7‐methoxy‐2H‐1,4‐benzoxazin−3(4H)‐one (DIMBOA‐Glc), and its corresponding aglucone 2,4‐dihydroxy‐7‐methoxy‐2H‐1,4‐benzoxazin‐3(4H)‐one (DIMBOA). Both compounds have been shown to interfere in the larval development of generalist herbivores but are less effective on specialist, that is, grass‐feeding, herbivores. Using a Brazilian population of Spodoptera frugiperda, we investigated (i) the level of constitutive benzoxazinoids in Neotropical maize genotypes, that is, Zapalote Chico, Mirt 2A, Sintético Spodoptera, L3, BRS 4103 and BRS 1040 (ii) the effect of S. frugiperda herbivory on benzoxazinoid levels in these genotypes and (iii) the impact of the genotypes on the development of S. frugiperda larvae. The results showed that the six maize genotypes produce different levels of benzoxazinoids, with Mirt 2A and BRS 1040 producing constitutively higher levels of HDMBOA‐Glc and DIMBOA‐Glc respectively compared to the other genotypes. When feeding on BRS 1040 and Mirt 2A, S. frugiperda larvae took an additional week to pupate, but this effect does not affect larval survival, what was the same and high on all the genotypes (>70%). Furthermore, production of DIMBOA‐Glc and HDMBOA‐Glc in these genotypes was suppressed, suggesting that S. frugiperda larvae can alter maize defence plant responses. In summary, our results demonstrate that Neotropical maize genotypes produce varying levels of benzoxazinoids, genotypes respond differently to S. frugiperda herbivory and S. frugiperda is able to cope with secondary metabolite‐based defence in Neotropical maize.