bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishment of a core outcome set for burn care research: development and international consensus
Authors: Young Amber , Davies Anna , Tsang Carmen , Kirkham Jamie , Potokar Tom , Gibran Nicole , Tyack Zephanie , Meirte Jill , Harada Teruichi , Dheansa Baljit , Dumville Jo , Metcalfe Chris , Ahuja Rajeev , Wood Fiona , Gaskell Sarah , Brookes Sara , Smailes Sarah , Jeschke Marc , Cinar Murat Ali , Zia Nukhba , Moghazy Amr , Mathers Jonathan , Falder Sian , Edgar Dale , Blazeby Jane Mary 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo develop a core outcome set for international burn research.DesignDevelopment and international consensus, from April 2017 to November 2019.MethodsCandidate outcomes were identified from systematic reviews and stakeholder interviews. Through a Delphi survey, international clinicians, researchers, and UK patients prioritised outcomes. Anonymised feedback aimed to achieve consensus. Pre-defined criteria for retaining outcomes were agreed. A consensus meeting with voting was held to finalise the core outcome set.ResultsData source examination identified 1021 unique outcomes grouped into 88 candidate outcomes. Stakeholders in round 1 of the survey, included 668 health professionals from 77 countries (18% from low or low middle income countries) and 126 UK patients or carers. After round 1, one outcome was discarded, and 13 new outcomes added. After round 2, 69 items were discarded, leaving 31 outcomes for the consensus meeting. Outcome merging and voting, in two rounds, with prespecified thresholds agreed seven core outcomes: death, specified complications, ability to do daily tasks, wound healing, neuropathic pain and itch, psychological wellbeing, and return to school or work.ConclusionsThis core outcome set caters for global burn research, and future trials are recommended to include measures of these outcomes.
A web-based survey assessing perceived changes in diet, physical activity and sleeping behaviours in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK
Authors: Summers Charlotte , Lima Do Vale Marjorie , Haines Louise , Armes Sarah , Bradfield James , Crocombe Dominic , Ray Sumantra 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic may have contributed to poorer self-management (ie, diet, physical activity and sleep) of diabetes mellitus (DM), which might predispose individuals to more severe COVID-19 outcomes.ObjectiveThe first objective was to capture perceived changes in diet, physical activity and sleeping during the COVID-19 pandemic in adults with type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the UK. A second objective was to explore differences between individuals with DM compared with ‘no’ or ‘other’ health conditions.MethodsParticipants aged >18 years were selected by convenience. Individuals subscribed to the Diabetes.co.uk community were sent a web-based survey including questions about demographics and health, followed by 5-point Likert-type scale questions relating to lifestyle-related behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic. Individuals were grouped by diagnosis of DM, ‘other’ or ‘no’ health condition and responses were compared.Results4764 individuals responded, with 2434 (51.3%) being female and 1550 (32.6%) aged 55–64 years. T2DM (2974; 62.7%), hypertension (2147; 45.2%) and T1DM (1299; 27.4%) were most frequently reported. Compared with T1DM, ‘no’ or ‘other’ health conditions, respondents with T2DM reported making a less conscious effort to get outside and exercise daily (p<0.001) and spending no time outdoors (p=0.001). Weight loss was more frequently reported in respondents with T2DM (p=0.005). More individuals with T2DM reported consuming convenience foods (p=0.012) and sugary foods (p=0.021), yet eating more fresh foods (p=0.001) and drinking less alcohol than normal (p<0.001). More individuals with T1DM and T2DM reported worse sleep quality (p=0.004).ConclusionsOur study highlighted important differences in lifestyle by individuals with T1DM, T2DM, other and no health conditions in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. Establishing surveillance systems and conducting repeated assessments are required to analyse how the situation shifted over time and whether adverse collateral effects of the pandemic were sustained in those with chronic health conditions.
Gender in healthcare: a practical approach
Authors: Benson Lucy Elizabeth , Allen Deborah Emma , Axiotis Natalie , Metcalfe Neil H 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Transgender law is complex and developing. Increasing general practitioner referrals for gender dysphoria without sufficient resources for specialist units have left gaps in transgender healthcare. Surveys repeatedly find transgender patients have lower satisfaction with healthcare experiences, stating doctors have a poor understanding of their needs. Meanwhile, waiting times for referrals remain high.
This review article outlines UK laws and guidelines relevant to trans healthcare, including practical advice for clinicians. Current issues are explored, including the referral process for gender dysphoria.
Transgender law is continually evolving; currently, individuals require a diagnosis of gender dysphoria to legally change gender. However, the gender on NHS records can be changed without legally changing gender.
Clinicians may find support from the General Medical Council for this area. Specifically, guidance exists for including trans patients in screening programmes relevant to their assigned sex at birth. Similarly, advice exists for ensuring the privacy of patients’ gender history.

What is already known on this topic

What this study adds

How this study might affect research, practice or policy
Fall-applied residual herbicides improve broadleaf weed management in ultra-early wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production systems on the northern Great Plains
Authors: Collier Graham R.S. , Spaner Dean M. , Hall Linda M. , Graf Robert J. , Beres Brian L. 
Published: July 2022

Ultra-early spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) planting systems based on soil temperature on the northern Great Plains have lower overall variability in grain yield, and can increase grain yield relative to current calendar date-based spring wheat planting systems used in the region. However, ultra-early planting when soils are cold (2 °C), and resulting early crop emergence, precludes most foliar pre-seeding weed control options. Field trials were conducted at three sites in western Canada from 2017 to 2019 to evaluate the crop safety, broadleaf weed efficacy, and growing system stability resulting from the inclusion of fall applications of soil-applied residual herbicides prior to planting wheat ultra-early the following spring. Flumioxazin (protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor; Weed Science Society of America (WSSA) group 14) and pyroxasulfone (very long chain fatty acid synthesis inhibitor; WSSA group 15) were applied alone and in combination at multiple rates in the late fall prior to ground freeze. The following spring, hexaploid spring wheat was planted ultra-early, based on a soil temperature trigger of 2 °C, and later, triggered by a soil temperature of 8 °C. When planting was completed ultra-early, grain yield was greater, and variability of grain yield was lower. Herbicide treatments increased broadleaf weed control, and in some environments further increased grain yield and reduced grain yield variability without resulting in phytotoxicity. The ability to safely incorporate fall-applied residual herbicides into ultra-early spring wheat planting systems provides an option for growers to adopt ultra-early planting without negatively impacting weed management on their farms.
Comparative analysis reveals chromosome number reductions in the evolution of African bermudagrass (Cynodon transvaalensisBurtt-Davy)
Authors: Yu Shuhao , Dong Hongxu , Fang Tilin , Wu Yanqi 
Published: July 2022

African bermudagrass ( Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt-Davy) (2n = 2x = 18) belongs to the genus Cynodon, tribe Cynodonteae, subfamily Chloridoideae in the grass family Poaceae. The species is frequently crossed with common bermudagrass ( Cynodon dactylon Pers.) in developing high-quality hybrid turf cultivars. Molecular resources for C. transvaalensis are scarce; thus, its genomic evolution is unknown. Recently, a linkage map consisting of 1278 markers provided a powerful tool for African bermudagrass genomic research. The objective of this study was to investigate chromosome number reduction events that resulted in the nine haploid chromosomes in this species. Tag sequences of mapped single nucleotide polymorphism markers in C. transvaalensis were compared against genome sequences of Oropetium thomaeum (L.f.) Trin. (2n = 2x = 20), a genomic model in the Cynodonteae tribe. The comparative genomic analyses revealed broad collinearity between the genomes of these two species. The analyses further revealed that two major interchromosomal rearrangements of the paleochromosome ρ12 (ρ1–ρ12–ρ1 and ρ6–ρ12–ρ6) resulted in nine chromosomes in the genome of C. transvaalensis. The findings provide novel information regarding the formation of the initial diploid species in the Cynodon genus.
Impact of Tafamidis and Optimal Background Treatment on Physical Performance in Patients With Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Badr Eslam Roza , Öztürk Begüm , Rettl René , Capelle Christophe Denis Josef , Qin Hong , Binder Christina , Dachs Theresa-Marie , Camuz Ligios Luciana , Duca Franz , Dalos Daniel , Schrutka Lore , Alasti Farideh , Kastner Johannes , Vila Greisa , Bonderman Diana 
Published: July 2022

Background:
In patients with transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy, tafamidis was shown to slow the decline in 6-minute walking distance as compared with placebo. We aimed to define the impact of tafamidis and optimal background treatment on functional capacity as determined by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET).

Methods:

Seventy-eight consecutive patients were enrolled in the study. They underwent CPET at baseline, and outcome defined as death or heart failure hospitalization was obtained for a time period of up to 30 months. Fifty-four patients completed a follow-up CPET at 9±3 months (range, 4–16 months). Improvement in peak VO
2
at follow-up was defined as ∆peak VO
2
≥1.0 mL/(kg·min), stable peak VO
2
was defined as 0≤∆peak VO
2
<1.0 mL/(kg·min), and decline in peak VO
2
was defined by ∆peak VO
2
<0 mL/(kg·min).

Results:

Baseline peak VO
2
>14 mL/(kg·min) as well as minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production slope≤34 were associated with a lower risk of death or heart failure hospitalization (
P
=0.002,
P
=0.007, respectively). In 54 patients, who received tafamidis and underwent repeat CPET testing, an improvement in physical performance (
P
=0.002) was observed at follow-up. When comparing pre and post-treatment parameters, 29 patients (54%) showed an increase in percent predicted peak VO
2
(
P
<0.0001), an improvement of peak VO
2
(
P
<0.0001), and better physical performance at follow-up (
P
<0.0001). Patients with stable or improved peak VO
2
had less advanced heart disease at baseline (
P
=0.046).

Conclusions:

Our findings demonstrate that baseline peak VO
2
and baseline minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production slope predict outcomes and an improvement in physical performance as measured by CPET was observed in patients receiving tafamidis, who had less advanced disease at baseline, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis.
Transcatheter Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale in Older Patients With Cryptogenic Thromboembolic Events
Authors: Alperi Alberto , Guedeney Paul , Horlick Eric , Nombela-Franco Luis , Freixa Xavier , Pascual Isaac , Mesnier Jules , Houde Christine , Abrahamyan Lusine , Montalescot Gilles , Rodés-Cabau Josep 
Published: July 2022

Background:
The main randomized trials evaluating patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure after a presumed PFO-associated stroke excluded patients older than 60 years. We aimed to evaluate the early- and long-term clinical outcomes of transcatheter PFO closure in older (>60 years) patients with a cryptogenic ischemic event.

Methods:
This is a multicenter study including consecutive patients older than 60 years (mean age, 67±5 years) who had a PFO closure following a presumed PFO-related ischemic event. Patients ≤60 years old (mean age, 44±10 years) served as the control group. The primary end point was the occurrence of stroke, transient ischemic attack, or peripheral embolism over the follow-up period. New-onset atrial fibrillation was a secondary end point.

Results:

A total of 388 and 883 patients >60 and ≤60 years old were included, respectively. Procedural success rate was high (99.9%), and procedural-related complications low (<2%) in both groups. After a median follow-up of 3 (1–8) years, older patients exhibited an incidence of stroke/transient ischemic attack/peripheral embolism of 1.6 events per 100 patient-years (stroke: 0.6 events per 100 patient-years), lower than that expected according to the risk of paradoxical embolism score (observed-to-expected ratio, 0.31 [95% CI, 0.11–0.91]). However, the event rate in older patients was higher than that observed in their younger counterparts (incidence rate ratio, 4.7 [95% CI, 2.36–9.8]). De novo atrial fibrillation after the procedure was more frequent in older patients (2.66 per 100 patient-years versus 0.49 per 100 patient-years,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:
In patients older than 60 years with a presumed PFO-related ischemic event, PFO closure was safe and associated with a relatively low incidence of recurrent ischemic events after a median follow-up of 3 years compared with historical cohorts of patients who did not undergo PFO closure. However, a higher risk of recurrent cerebrovascular events was observed in older patients compared to their younger counterparts. Randomized trials are warranted in this population.
How Well Do
ICD‐9‐CM
Codes Predict True Congenital Heart Defects? A Centers for Disease Control and Prevention‐Based Multisite Validation Project
Authors: Rodriguez Fred H. , Raskind‐Hood Cheryl L. , Hoffman Trenton , Farr Sherry L. , Glidewell Jill , Li Jennifer S. , D'Ottavio Alfred , Botto Lorenzo , Reeder Matthew R. , Hsu Daphne , Lui George K. , Sullivan Anaclare M. , Book Wendy M. 
Published: July 2022

Background
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Surveillance of Congenital Heart Defects Across the Lifespan project uses large clinical and administrative databases at sites throughout the United States to understand population‐based congenital heart defect (CHD) epidemiology and outcomes. These individual databases are also relied upon for accurate coding of CHD to estimate population prevalence.

Methods and Results

This validation project assessed a sample of 774 cases from 4 surveillance sites to determine the positive predictive value (PPV) for identifying a true CHD case and classifying CHD anatomic group accurately based on 57
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM)
codes. Chi‐square tests assessed differences in PPV by CHD severity and age. Overall, PPV was 76.36% (591/774 [95% CI, 73.20–79.31]) for all sites and all CHD‐related
ICD‐9‐CM
codes. Of patients with a code for complex CHD, 89.85% (177/197 [95% CI, 84.76–93.69]) had CHD; corresponding PPV estimates were 86.73% (170/196 [95% CI, 81.17–91.15]) for shunt, 82.99% (161/194 [95% CI, 76.95–87.99]) for valve, and 44.39% (83/187 [95% CI, 84.76–93.69]) for “Other” CHD anatomic group (
X
2
=142.16,
P
<0.0001).
ICD‐9‐CM
codes had higher PPVs for having CHD in the 3 younger age groups compared with those >64 years of age, (
X
2
=4.23,
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions

While CHD
ICD‐9‐CM
codes had acceptable PPV (86.54%) (508/587 [95% CI, 83.51–89.20]) for identifying whether a patient has CHD when excluding patients with
ICD‐9‐CM
codes for “Other” CHD and code 745.5, further evaluation and algorithm development may help inform and improve accurate identification of CHD in data sets across the CHD
ICD‐9‐CM
code groups.
Why Change? Exploring the Antecedents of Southern African Evolutions in Legislative Budgeting
Authors: Heim Kristen Alicia 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that a small number of anglophone legislatures in Southern Africa are enhancing their engagement in the expenditure side of the annual budget process, particularly in the formulation phase. But why change, when these legislatures could simply stay the same? This study tests four possible explanations for this surprising trend, applying unique data collected in 2016/2017, complemented by publicly available, cross-national, historical records. The preliminary results indicate that leading political, legal, and technical explanations are unable to fully account for the changes that are underway. Instead, evidence suggests that a process of international socialisation, potentially precipitated by US-based legislative assistance programmes at a critical time, may have planted the seeds that pushed these developments along. This study encourages further exploration of the ways in which a quintessentially national institution is shaped internationally, and contributes to our understanding of why legislatures in similar developmental contexts might evolve.
Effects of moisture ingression on the impact damage resistance and damage tolerance of alumina based oxide/oxide ceramic matrix composites
Authors: Ortega Brianna , Kitt Brian , Slater Samuel , Lee Keeley , Benedict Zach , Singh Abhendra K 
Published: July 2022

In this study the effects of moisture ingression on the impact damage resistance and damage tolerance of NextelTM610/alumina-silicate ceramic matrix composites were experimentally evaluated. Thin and thick composite laminates with balanced and symmetric layups were placed inside an environmental chamber at 80°C and 85% relative humidity till moisture saturation was reached. The laminates were then subjected to low velocity impacts using a hemispherical steel impactor at energy levels of 2.5 J and 10 J for the thin and thick laminates, respectively. This resulted in similar damage depths on the impactor side between the two sets of laminates. The resultant damage was characterized non-destructively with the damage metrics of external dent area, dent depth and planar internal damage area quantitatively determined. Impacted laminates were subject to in-plane compression loading and the residual strengths were evaluated. Planar internal damage area was larger for the moisture exposed laminates in comparison to their pristine counterparts for both the thin and thick laminates. Also, larger internal damage area resulted in lower compression-after-impact strength and thus, less damage tolerant laminates. This was true for the pristine and moisture exposed cases for both the laminate thicknesses.
A Protocol for Prolonged Surgical Anaesthesia with Recovery in Fire Salamanders Using Tricaine Mesylate (MS-222): A Case Series
Authors: Stathopoulou T , Light J , Lamas L. P , Pierce S. E , Pelligand L 
Published: July 2022

The objective of this study was to describe prolonged surgical anaesthesia and recovery in fire salamanders ( Salamandra salamandra) using tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222). A total of 14 salamanders were anaesthetised for electromyography wire implantation. Sodium bicarbonate buffered solutions (0.5–4 g l–1) of MS-222 were prepared (adjusted to pH 7.0). Anaesthesia was induced by partial immersion in pre-oxygenated 3 g l–1 solution for 20 min. Buprenorphine (0.5 mg kg–1) was administered subcutaneously. During microsurgery, heart rate (HR), solution pH and temperature were recorded. Reflectance pulse oximeter (SpO2) (Masimo Rad-57) was recorded in two salamanders. Anaesthetic plane and MS-222 pH stability (pH 7.6) were maintained by renewing administration of oxygenated MS-222 solution (0.5–3 g l–1) onto swabs that partially covered the body. Recovery started at the end of surgery (MS-222 0 g l–1). Postoperatively, salamanders were given oral meloxicam (0.2 mg kg–1). Mean time for loss of righting reflex during induction was 13.7 ± 2.2 min. Duration of anaesthesia and time to recovery were 111 ± 24.2 and 31 ± 10.3 min, respectively. Due to complications, two salamanders did not recover. Baseline HR was 67.4 ± 34.5 beats/min, and it decreased significantly until recovery ( p ≤ 0.0001). In two salamanders, baseline SpO2 was 85.5% ± 14.5, SpO2 during surgery was 61% ± 6.4, improving to 80.5% ± 2.1 on recovery. In conclusion, prolonged recovery anaesthesia is achievable with MS-222 dilutions in salamander. Reflectance SpO2 could prove valuable during immersion anaesthesia.
Temporomandibular joint synovial chondromatosis: An analysis of 7 cases and literature review
Authors: Song Zhiqiang , Yuan Shanshan , Liu Junjie , Bakker Astrid D. , Klein-Nulend Jenneke , Pathak Janak L. , Zhang Qingbin 
Published: July 2022

Objective: To investigate the diagnosis and treatment procedure of synovial chondromatosis (SC) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Methods: Clinical features, imaging features, surgical methods, and prognosis of 7 patients with SC of the TMJ were analyzed. We also reviewed and analyzed surgery-relevant literature included in the Pubmed database in the past decade using the search terms “synovial chondromatosis” and “temporomandibular joint”, and found 181 cases. Results: There was no specific difference in the symptoms of SC in the TMJ in different Milgram’s stages in our cases and the cases mentioned in the literature. The main symptoms of SC in the TMJ were pain (100%, 7/7; 64.64%, 117/181), limited mouth opening (57.14%, 4/7; 53.59%, 97/181), swelling (14.29%, 1/7; 28.18%, 51/181), crepitus (28.57%, 2/7; 19.34%, 35/181), and clicking (14.29%, 1/7; 9.94%, 18/181) in our cases and cases from literature separately. The imaging features of SC were occupying lesions (including loose bodies or masses) (71.42%, 5/7; 37.57%, 68/181), bone change in condyle or glenoid fossa (1/7, 14.29%; 34.81%, 63/181), effusion (42.86%, 3/7; 20.99%, 38/181), joint space changes (42.86%, 3/7; 11.05%, 20/181) in our cases and cases from literature separately. The surgical procedures seem to depend mainly on the involved structures and the extension of the lesion rather than the Milgram’s stage. Conclusions: The clinical features of SC in the TMJ are nonspecific and easy to be misdiagnosed. MRI is helpful in the diagnosis of SC in the TMJ. The surgical procedures mainly depend on the involved structures and the extension of the lesion.
Factors influencing peer referencing behavior during an online learning activity
Authors: Yu Fu-Yun , Sung Shannon 
Published: July 2022

Cultivating critical thinking skills in referencing a plethora of information epitomizes the learning objectives of technology in education. However, different social influences in a classroom, such as academic prestige, friendship, and gender, may impact students’ referencing behavior. Specifically, we investigated how various factors affect pupils’ referencing of peer-generated questions during an online test-construction learning activity and perceptions. Three fifth-grade classes ( n = 75, Mage = 11.08, SD age = 0.28) participated in a two-stage mixed methods research for 12 weeks. We found significant effects of friendship and inferred task-specific ability on online referencing behavior based on the multiple regression quadratic assignment procedures, simple regressions, and two-step hierarchical linear regressions. The survey data further revealed that students considered the content of their peers' questions most frequently among a mixture of other factors influencing online referencing decisions. The implications and suggestions for instruction, future studies, and system designs involving behavior connoting intent to endorse are provided to help create meaningful, reflective, and impartial online learning spaces.