bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Falling ball method for determining zero shear and shear‐dependent viscosity of polymeric systems: Solutions, melts, and composites
Authors: Suri Preeti , Patel Swati A. , Chhabra Rajendra Prasad 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe falling ball method (FBM) is one of the well‐established techniques for measuring the viscosity of Newtonian liquids at the room as well as at elevated temperatures and pressures. Owing to its simplicity and low cost, the possibility of extending its range of application to non‐Newtonian systems including virgin and filled polymer melts, composites, polymer‐solutions, and so forth, is explored here, In this work, theoretical results for the flow of power‐law fluids past a sphere have been used to extract the values of the zero‐shear viscosity and shear‐dependent viscosity in the low‐shear rate limit. The theoretical scheme outlined here has been validated by presenting comparisons with experimental results for scores of polymer solutions for which both falling sphere and rheological data are available in the literature. Indeed, the good correspondence obtained between these two independent data is encouraging and it is thus possible to use the FBM for shear‐thinning systems when the resulting Reynolds numbers are such that the flow is viscosity‐dominated, and the inertial effects are negligible. This implies that the Reynolds number should be ≤ ~1 for shear‐thinning fluids and ≤ ~10−5 for shear‐thickening fluids.
The large-N limit of 4d superconformal indices for general BPS charges
Authors: Colombo Edoardo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We study the superconformal index of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 quiver theories at large-N for general values of electric charges and angular momenta, using both the Bethe Ansatz formulation and the more recent elliptic extension method. We are particularly interested in the case of unequal angular momenta, J1 ≠ J2, which has only been partially considered in the literature. We revisit the previous computation with the Bethe Ansatz formulation with generic angular momenta and extend it to encompass a large class of competing exponential terms. In the process, we also provide a simplified derivation of the original result. We consider the newly-developed elliptic extension method as well; we apply it to the J1 ≠ J2 case, finding a good match with the Bethe Ansatz results. We also investigate the relation between the two different approaches, finding in particular that for every saddle of the elliptic action there are corresponding terms in the Bethe Ansatz formula that match it at large-N.
Non-linear dilational rheology of liquid-liquid interfaces stabilized by dipeptide hydrogels
Authors: Carbonell-Aviñó Fernando , Clegg Paul S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe investigate the effects of salt concentration on the rheological properties of dipeptide hydrogel fibres at liquid-liquid interfaces. The interfaces were subjected to large amplitude oscillatory dilation (LAOD) experiments across a range of oscillation strains and frequencies. Lissajous plots of pressure-strain were used for characterizing the viscoelastic properties and for identifying apparent yielding. We show that key aspects of the rheological response of the interfaces vary significantly with salt concentration. At low strain, independent of salt concentration, Lissajous curves show an almost elliptical shape. As the strain is increased, asymmetry in Lissajous curves evidences a non-linear response. The departure from an ellipse is most obvious at negative strain (at moderate to high salt concentrations) and is suggestive of strain-hardening on compression. The Lissajous curves tilt towards the diagonal at elevated salt concentration demonstrating that the interfaces are becoming increasingly elastic. However, increasing the frequency of the oscillation has little systematic effect. We infer that the addition of salt leads to the development of structure on the interfaces from our observations strain-hardening and of the increasingly elastic response. To fully capture the range of behaviour, we suggest a modification of the analysis to calculate the strain-hardening ratio S used to quantify the degree of non-linearities from Lissajous figures, so as to better reveal the presence of instant strain-softening and strain-hardening responses.
Infection after surgical implant generation network (SIGN) nailing in treatment of long bone shaft fractures in Ethiopia: analysis of a 4-year results
Authors: Beza Birhanu , Bitew Almaw , Melesse Debas Yaregal 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
One of the challenge to manage long bone fracture is the risk of infection. Intramedullary nailing is the standard treatment of long bone shaft fractures. Infection from the surgical site during orthopedic management is posing postoperative burdens in different perspectives like patient perspectives and healthcare facilities. However, there is limited information on the magnitude of infection in Ethiopia after surgical implant generation network (SIGN) nailing in the treatment of long bone shaft fractures. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess the prevalence of infection in patients with long bone shaft fractures treated with surgical implant generation network (SIGN) nailing.

Objective
To assess prevalence of infection in patients with long bone shaft fractures treated with SIGN nailing at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2018, Bahir Dar, Northwest, Ethiopia.

Methods
This was a retrospective study over a period of 4 years. SIGN surgical-related data, presence or absence of infection from the documented information were collected from the chart/the source. The types of infection were also collected with the standard classification as superficial, deep and deep with osteomyelitis. Age, sex, fracture pattern, nature of fracture, mechanism of injury, prophylaxis antibiotics, nail type, follow-up in weeks and other factors were also extracted from the patients’ charts with structured checklist. Data were analyzed with statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23. The analyzed data were presented with texts, tables and a graph.

Results
Three hundred and eighty-two long bone fractures were treated by locked SIGN intramedullary nailing during the study period. After screening the inclusion criteria, a total of 311 cases were included in this study. A total of 13 (4.2%) patients who treated with SIGN intramedullary nailing developed infection.

Conclusions
We conclude that the overall prevalence of infection with SIGN intramedullary nailing is almost similar with the surgeries done in the developed countries.
Verteilung von Nitrat und organischen Mikroschadstoffen in landwirtschaftlich genutzten Böden
Authors: Warner Wiebke , Skadell Laura , Licha Tobias 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungNitrat im Grundwasser wird häufig in den Zusammenhang mit hohen Nitratgehalten in landwirtschaftlich genutzten Böden gebracht. Regulative Maßnahmen adressieren ausschließlich den landwirtschaftlichen Sektor, und die Aufbringung von Düngemitteln wird immer stärker reguliert. Eine systematische, flächenhafte Untersuchung von Nitratgehalten im Boden zusammen mit quellsensitiven organischen Mikroschadstoffen gab es bis dato nicht. Daher wurden 93 landwirtschaftliche Nutzflächen auf Nitrat und organische Spurenstoffe untersucht. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass hohe Nitratgehalte im Boden nicht zwangsläufig mit hohen Nitratgehalten im Grundwasser korrelieren. Flächen dagegen mit hohen Nitratgehalten im Grundwasser zeigten allerdings eine Suite an organischen Spurenstoffen nicht landwirtschaftlichen Ursprungs im Boden. Dies könnte darauf hindeuten, dass ein Eintrag von Nitrat auch über nicht-landwirtschaftliche Quellen, wie zum Beispiel Abwasserverregnung/Rieselfelder oder undichte Klärgruben erfolgen kann.
Blow-up versus global existence of solutions for reaction–diffusion equations on classes of Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Grillo Gabriele , Meglioli Giulia , Punzo Fabio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIt is well known from the work of Bandle et al. (J Differ Equ 251:2143–2163, 2011) that the Fujita phenomenon for reaction–diffusion evolution equations with power nonlinearities does not occur on the hyperbolic space $${\mathbb {H}}^N$$

H

N

, thus marking a striking difference with the Euclidean situation. We show that, on classes of manifolds in which the bottom $$\Lambda $$
Λ
of the $$L^2$$

L
2

spectrum of $$-\Delta $$

-
Δ

is strictly positive (the hyperbolic space being thus included), a different version of the Fujita phenomenon occurs for other kinds of nonlinearities, in which the role of the critical Fujita exponent in the Euclidean case is taken by $$\Lambda $$
Λ
. Such nonlinearities are time-independent, in contrast to the ones studied in Bandle et al. (2011). As a consequence of our results we show that, on a class of manifolds much larger than the case $$M={\mathbb {H}}^N$$

M
=

H

N

considered in Bandle et al. (2011), solutions to (1.1) with power nonlinearity $$f(u)=u^p$$

f

(
u
)

=

u
p

, $$p>1$$

p
>
1

, and corresponding to sufficiently small data, are global in time. Though qualitative similarities with similar problems in bounded, Euclidean domains can be seen in the results, the methods are significantly different because of noncompact setting dealt with.
Investigation of Direct Metal Deposition Processes Using High-Resolution In-line Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
Authors: Schmidt Malte , Gorny Sven , Rüssmeier Nick , Partes Knut 
Published: December 2022

AbstractProcess monitoring and control methods during direct metal deposition (DMD) ensure consistent manufacturing quality of the product. Naturally occurring optical process emissions provide selective and specific element lines, which can be investigated by optical spectrometers. However, DMD processes are mainly characterized by thermal conduction. Hence, the resulting optical emission lines have low intensities. The aim of this work is to investigate the spectral lines and determine the required resolution of the spectrometer. Two spectrometers coupled by a bifurcated optical fiber were used simultaneously (resolution = approx. 47 pm FWHM at 522 nm and 55 pm FWHM at 407.5 nm and resolution = 0.73 nm FWHM). A parameter study with varying process parameters using Co-Cr-based (MetcoClad21) powder on low-alloyed tool steel C45W (1.1730) substrate material was conducted. Peaks occurring in spectral data were assigned to specific element emission lines by using data from the NIST atomic spectra database. All identified element lines were non-ionized elements. Cr I, Fe I and Mn I lines in particular were frequently observed. The occurrence of element emission lines as well as the peak intensity ratios for specific elements was compared with the cross-sectional dimensions including height, weld depth and dilution. It has been shown that the occurrence and intensity of emission lines correlate with the process parameters, especially the laser power. Furthermore, the dilution of a deposition track correlates with the occurrence and intensity of an identified Fe I emission line, represented by a Fe-Cr peak intensity ratio.
Prediction of permeability of highly heterogeneous hydrocarbon reservoir from conventional petrophysical logs using optimized data-driven algorithms
Authors: Sheykhinasab Amirhossein , Mohseni Amir Ali , Barahooie Bahari Arash , Naruei Ehsan , Davoodi Shadfar , Aghaz Aliakbar , Mehrad Mohammad 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPermeability is an important parameter in the petrophysical study of a reservoir and serves as a key tool in the development of an oilfield. This is while its prediction, especially in carbonate reservoirs with their relatively lower levels of permeability compared to sandstone reservoirs, is a complicated task as it has larger contributions from heterogeneously distributed vugs and fractures. In this respect, the present research uses the data from two wells (well A for modeling and well B for assessing the generalizability of the developed models) drilled into a carbonate reservoir to estimate the permeability using composite formulations based on least square support vector machine (LSSVM) and multilayer extreme learning machine (MELM) coupled with the so-called cuckoo optimization algorithm (COA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and genetic algorithm (GA). We further used simple forms of convolutional neural network (CNN) and LSSVM for the sake of comparison. To this end, firstly, the Tukey method was applied to identify and remove the outliers from modeling data. In the next step, the second version of the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) was applied to the training data (70% of the entire dataset, selected randomly) to select an optimal group of features that most affect the permeability. The results indicated that although including more input parameters in the modeling added to the resultant coefficient of determination (R2) while reducing the error successively, yet the slope of the latter reduction got much slow as the number of input parameters exceeded 4. In this respect, petrophysical logs of P-wave travel time, bulk density, neutron porosity, and formation resistivity were identified as the most effective parameters for estimating the permeability. Evaluation of the results of permeability modeling based on root-mean-square error (RMSE) and R2 shed light on the MELM-COA as the best-performing model in the training and testing stages, as indicated by (RMSE = 0.5600 mD, R2 = 0.9931) and (RMSE = 0.6019 mD, R2 = 0.9919), respectively. The generalizability assessment conducted on the prediction of permeability in well B confirmed the MELM-COA can provide reliable permeability predictions by achieving an RMSE of 0.9219 mD. Consequently, the mentioned methodology is strongly recommended for predicting the permeability with high accuracy in similar depth intervals at other wells in the same field should the required dataset be available.
‘Us versus them’: A social identity perspective of internal medicine
trainees
Authors: Kerins Joanne , Smith Samantha Eve , Tallentire Victoria Ruth 
Published: December 2022

Introduction Silos and group boundaries in the clinical workplace can result in
interprofessional conflict which can be a source of anxiety for doctors in training. The
social identity perspective (SIP) incorporates theories of social identity and
self-categorisation, and may provide a useful lens to understand the socialisation and
identity development of doctors. This study aimed to determine if and how the SIP may
provide insight into intergroup relations as experienced by internal medicine (IM)
trainees in Scotland. Methods Interprofessional communication workshops hosted as
part of an IM boot camp between August 2020 and March 2021 were audio recorded and
transcribed verbatim. Subsequent individual interviews with consenting trainees further
explored social identity and intergroup relations. Data analysis employed template
analysis and deductive independent coding with the SIP informing the initial coding
template and new codes added inductively. Results Seventeen workshops, involving
100 trainees, and ten subsequent individual interviews were in-cluded. Trainees related
to the social identity of an IM doctor and to stereotypes within the workplace. They
described intergroup tensions resulting from a perception of differing priorities. They
experienced outgroup derogation and the impact of role modelling those in their social
group during their identity development.
Otto Kirchheimers „Gesammelte Schriften“
Authors: von Alemann Ulrich 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungZwischen 2015 und 2021 hat Hubertus Buchstein die „Gesammelten Schriften“ von Otto Kirchheimer in sechs Bänden im Nomos-Verlag herausgegeben. Kirchheimer, geboren 1905 in Heilbronn, gestorben 1965 in Washington D.C., war ein einflussreicher Forscher des Staatsrechts, des Strafrechts und der Politikwissenschaft. Als linker jüdischer Intellektueller musste er 1933 aus Deutschland fliehen und kam über Paris nach New York. Er stand der Frankfurter Schule nahe und arbeitete zwischen 1943 und 1955 für amerikanische Behörden, bis er eine Professur erlangte. Sein wichtigster Beitrag zur Politikwissenschaft ist die Theorie der catch-all party, also der Volkspartei, die noch heute kontrovers diskutiert wird. Aber auch seine Beiträge zum Strafrecht (Political Justice) bleiben wichtig. Seine Auseinandersetzungen mit der Kritischen Theorie der Frankfurter Schule um Max Horkheimer und Theodor W. Adorno sind weiterhin von hohem theoriegeschichtlichen Interesse. Auch die Texte, die er für Geheimdienste und das US-Außenministerium verfasst hat, werden in dieser verdienstvollen Edition teilweise erstveröffentlicht.
Impact of Ukrainian- Russian War on Health Care and Humanitarian Crisis
Authors: Dzhus Marta , Golovach Iryna 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Authors explore the influence of Russian aggression on Ukrainian health care and humanitarian crises. On February 24, 2022, Ukraine faced an unprovoked brutal Russian invasion resulting in multiple negative consequences. During the 3 mo of full-scale war, Russians damaged more than 600 hospitals and killed at least 12 medics. Access to health care is severely impacted due to security concerns, restricted mobility, broken supply chains, and mass population displacement. Health care continues to come under attack (including attacks against health facilities, transport, personnel, patients, supplies, and warehouses), with a total of 295 attacks on health care, resulting in 59 injuries and 76 deaths, reported between February 24 and June 15. Ministry of Health reported that 1658 medical workers had been forced to change their residence and became employed in other regions of the country. Russian aggression negatively influenced not only the medical system and economics, but it led to a humanitarian crisis in the whole of Ukraine.
Flow of a concentrated emulsion with surfactant through a periodic porous medium
Authors: Zinchenko Alexander Z. , Gissinger Jacob R. , Davis Robert H. 
Published: December 2022

High-resolution, long-time three-dimensional simulations are presented for slow, pressure-driven flow of a periodic emulsion of deformable drops through a dense, simple cubic array of solid spheres (one drop and one particle per periodic cell). The drops, covered with insoluble, non-diffusive surfactant, are large compared with pores, and they squeeze with high resistance, very closely coating the solids to overcome surface tension and lubrication effects. The solid volume fraction is 50 %, the emulsion concentration

$c_{em}$

in the pore space is 36 % or 50 %, the drop-to-medium viscosity ratio

$\lambda$

is 0.25 to 4. The contamination measure

$\beta \leq 0.1$

keeps the linear surfactant model (assumed in most of the work) physically relevant. The boundary-integral solution requires extreme resolutions (tens of thousands of boundary elements per surface) achieved by multipole acceleration with special desingularizations, combined with flow-biased surfactant transport algorithms for numerical stability. The time-periodic regime is typically attained after a few squeezing cycles; the motion period is used in the extrapolation scheme to evaluate critical capillary numbers

$Ca_{crit}$

demarcating squeezing from trapping. Due to Marangoni stresses, even light (

$\beta =0.05$

) to moderate (

$\beta =0.1$

) contaminations significantly reduce the average drop-phase migration velocity (up to 2.8 times, compared with clean drops), especially at small

$\lambda =0.25$

. In contrast,

$Ca_{crit}$

is weakly sensitive to contamination and levels off completely at

$\beta =0.05$

. At

$\lambda =0.25$

and

$c_{em}=0.36$

, the average drop-phase velocities are much different for lightly and moderately contaminated emulsions, except for near-critical squeezing when they become the same. Nonlinear surfactant models (Langmuir, Frumkin) are used to validate the linear model.
Back to Cheap Labour? Increasing Employment and Wage Disparities in Contemporary China
Authors: Xia Yiran , Friesen Dimitris , Cohen Nourya , Lu Caijie , Rozelle Scott 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAfter nearly two decades of rising wages for those in the unskilled sectors of China's economy, in the mid-2010s employment and wages in China began to experience new polarizing trends. Using data from the National Bureau of Statistics of China, this paper examines trends in multiple sectors and subeconomies of China, revealing the substantial rise of employment in informal, low-skilled services as well as the steady decline of wage growth in the informal subeconomy. At the same time, we find that although employment growth in the formal subeconomy is relatively moderate, wage growth in high-skilled services is steadily rising. These two trends pose a challenge for China, presenting a new and uncertain period of economic change.
A Comprehensive 3D Thermophysical Model of the Lunar Surface
Authors: Durga Prasad K. , Rai Vinai K. , Murty S. V. S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA three‐dimensional (3D) finite element model was built to understand the lunar surface and subsurface thermophysical behavior. This is a multi‐layer model, with a top porous layer followed by denser layer(s) beneath, with several advantages. The model can incorporate complex geometry, different sizes and parametric‐based variation in physical properties for individual layers and can be implemented at various scales. At present, the model can account for local to regional scale variations and can be improved further to predict global scale variations. The diurnal evolution of surface and subsurface temperatures from the model showed a clear effect of the outermost porous layer on the heat propagation into the subsurface as predicted from earlier studies. Being a 3D model, it is capable of simulating significant variations in lateral heat transport due to presence of topography to derive realistic surface and near‐surface temperatures on the Moon. The model results were validated through laboratory experiments, Apollo in situ data and compared with those from earlier models. The unique feature of the model is that it allows to use any Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for any site of interest which is demonstrated in this work by considering a case study of the Apollo‐17 landing site to derive its thermophysical behavior. In addition to being an important tool for addressing several geophysical problems, the model can largely aid in planning and execution of future in situ exploration of the Moon. This model is a first step toward building a comprehensive large‐scale model for understanding the thermophysical behavior of the Moon.