bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vascular Reactivity to Hypercapnia Is Impaired in the Cerebral and Retinal Vasculature in the Acute Phase After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Warner Laura , Bach-Hagemann Annika , Albanna Walid , Clusmann Hans , Schubert Gerrit A. , Lindauer Ute , Conzen-Dilger Catharina 
Published: January 2022

Objective: Impaired cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation, such as reduced reactivity to hypercapnia, contributes to the pathophysiology after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), but temporal dynamics in the acute phase are unknown. Featuring comparable molecular regulation mechanisms, the retinal vessels participate in chronic and subacute stroke- and SAH-associated vessel alterations in patients and can be studied non-invasively. This study is aimed to characterize the temporal course of the cerebral and retinal vascular reactivity to hypercapnia in the acute phase after experimental SAH and compare the potential degree of impairment.Methods: Subarachnoid hemorrhage was induced by injecting 0.5 ml of heparinized autologous blood into the cisterna magna of male Wistar rats using two anesthesia protocols [isoflurane/fentanyl n = 25 (Sham + SAH): Iso—Group, ketamine/xylazine n = 32 (Sham + SAH): K/X—Group]. CBF (laser speckle contrast analysis) and physiological parameters were measured continuously for 6 h. At six predefined time points, hypercapnia was induced by hypoventilation controlled via blood gas analysis, and retinal vessel diameter (RVD) was determined non-invasively.Results: Cerebral reactivity and retinal reactivity in Sham groups were stable with only a slight attenuation after 2 h in RVD of the K/X—Group. In the SAH Iso—Group, cerebral and retinal CO2 reactivity compared to baseline was immediately impaired starting at 30 min after SAH (CBF p = 0.0090, RVD p = 0.0135) and lasting up to 4 h (p = 0.0136, resp. p = 0.0263). Similarly, in the K/X—Group, cerebral CO2 reactivity was disturbed early after SAH (30 min, p = 0.003) albeit showing a recovery to baseline after 2 h while retinal CO2 reactivity was impaired over the whole observation period (360 min, p = 0.0001) in the K/X—Group. After normalization to baseline, both vascular beds showed a parallel behavior regarding the temporal course and extent of impairment.Conclusion: This study provides a detailed temporal analysis of impaired cerebral vascular CO2 reactivity starting immediately after SAH and lasting up to 6 h. Importantly, the retinal vessels participate in these acute changes underscoring the promising role of the retina as a potential non-invasive screening tool after SAH. Further studies will be required to determine the correlation with functional outcomes.
Trends in Nutritional Biomarkers by Demographic Characteristics Across 14 Years Among US Adults
Authors: Wang Wenjie , Zhu Fangzhou , Wu Lanlan , Han Shan , Wu Xiaoyan 
Published: January 2022

Background: Understanding trend in nutritional status is crucial to inform national health priorities to improve diets and reduce related diseases. The present study aimed to analyze trends in the concentrations of all measured nutritional biomarkers and their status among US adults across 14 years.Methods: Trends on the concentrations of nutritional biomarkers and nutritional status evaluated by the prevalence of deficiency, inadequacy, excess, and dyslipidemia were analyzed among US adults in 7 cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES 2003–2016) and by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status.Results: A total of 38,505 participants (weighted mean age of 47.2 years, 51.4% women) were included in the present study. Across 14 years, increased trends were found in red blood cell (RBC) folate, serum vitamin B12, vitamin D and albumin, the prevalence of iodine deficiency, vitamin B6 inadequacy, and hypophosphatemia, whereas decreased trends were observed in serum vitamin E, phosphorus, total calcium, total protein, apolipoprotein B (Apo B), low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), blood lead, cadmium, mercury, and the prevalence of vitamin C deficiency, vitamin D inadequacy, iodine excess, and dyslipidemia with elevated LDL-C, TC, TG, and lowered HDL/LDL. Non-Hispanic blacks (NHB) and participants with low socioeconomic status were accounted for the poor nutritional status of most biomarkers compared to their comparts.Conclusion: Most nutritional biomarkers and their status were improved among US adults from 2003 to 2016, but some specific populations should be paid much attention to improve their nutritional status, especially for NHB and participants with low socioeconomic status.
Status and Extension of the Geant4-DNA Dielectric Models for Application to Electron Transport
Authors: Kyriakou Ioanna , Emfietzoglou Dimitris , Incerti Sebastien 
Published: January 2022

The development of accurate physics models that enable track structure simulations of electrons in liquid water medium over a wide energy range, from the eV to the MeV scale, is a subject of continuous efforts due to its importance (among other things) in theoretical studies of radiation quality for application in radiotherapy and radiation protection. A few years ago, the Geant4-DNA very low-energy extension of the Geant4 Monte Carlo code had offered to users an improved set of physics models for discrete electron transport below 10 keV. In this work we present refinements to this model set and its extension to energies up to 1 MeV. Preliminary comparisons against the existing Geant4-DNA physics models with respect to total and differential ionization cross sections of electrons in liquid water are reported and discussed.
Social Support and a Sense of Purpose: The Role of Personal Growth Initiative and Academic Self-Efficacy
Authors: Cai Jingxue , Lian Rong 
Published: January 2022

Objective: Studies have consistently found a positive relationship between social support and a sense of purpose; however, less is known about the underlying mechanisms of this relationship. The present study bridges this gap by proposing and testing a path model illustrating the mediating effects of personal growth initiative and academic self-efficacy on the linkage between social support and a sense of purpose.Method: A total of 2,085 Chinese college students completed the revised versions of the Social Support, Personal Growth Initiative, Academic Self-Efficacy, and Sense of Purpose Scales.Results: The results show that social support, personal growth initiative, and academic self-efficacy were all significantly associated with a sense of purpose. As predicted, personal growth initiative and academic self-efficacy mediated the relationship between social support and a sense of purpose, respectively. The results also support the hypothesized serial mediating effect.Conclusion: Individuals who feel more social support have a higher level of personal growth initiative, their academic self-efficacy is stronger, and their academic self-efficacy further enhances their sense of purpose. Additionally, comparisons among the three indirect effects indicated that the effect of personal growth initiative was significantly greater than those of the other two measures. Thus, it can be concluded that personal initiative plays a greater role in enhancing a sense of purpose. These findings not only help to understand how social support enhances the sense of purpose, but also provide insight into the underlying mechanism.
Dealing With Radicalised Youth Offenders: The Development and Implementation of a Youth-Specific Framework
Authors: Barracosa Steven , March James 
Published: January 2022

Background:In 2018 in the Australian State of New South Wales, a specialist Countering Violent Extremism Unit was established in the youth criminal justice system. This was in direct response to a number of youth below the age of 18 who have been charged for terrorism offences and identified as involved in violent extremist acts. This youth-specific framework was the first of its kind in Australia. It was designed to provide multidisciplinary practitioner-based approaches for the early-identification, diversion, and disengagement of at-risk and radicalised youth offenders.Aims:This paper will explore the experiences and lessons learned by the Youth Justice New South Wales Countering Violent Extremism Unit. It will discuss the relevance of youth radicalisation within Australia's evolving national security climate. This includes emerging trends in relation to youth radicalisation to varied violent extremist ideologies. This paper will explore the specialist approach adopted for preventing and countering violent extremism through the identification, assessment, and case management of at-risk and radicalised youth offenders.Implications:The Youth Justice New South Wales experience indicates that youth criminal justice settings can be designed to tackle the challenges posed by at-risk and radicalised youth. The practitioner experience canvassed in this paper highlights that a pluralistic and non-punitive approach to supervision, client-focused assessment and case management processes, and widespread resourcing of multidisciplinary practitioners and programs can be used to account for developmental and psychosocial vulnerabilities in addition to violent extremism risk factors amongst youth offenders. These approaches should be supplemented by youth-specific countering violent extremism practitioner expertise, and a range of violent extremism case management and risk assessment measures.
A Web-Based Prediction Model for Cancer-Specific Survival of Elderly Patients With Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinomas: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Wang JinKui , Liu XiaoZhu , Tang Jie , Zhang Qingquan , Zhao Yuanyang 
Published: January 2022

Background: Hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (HPSCC) is one of the causes of death in elderly patients, an accurate prediction of survival can effectively improve the prognosis of patients. However, there is no accurate assessment of the survival prognosis of elderly patients with HPSCC. The purpose of this study is to establish a nomogram to predict the cancer-specific survival (CSS) of elderly patients with HPSCC.Methods: The clinicopathological data of all patients from 2004 to 2018 were downloaded from the SEER database. These patients were randomly divided into a training set (70%) and a validation set (30%). The univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed independent risk factors for the prognosis of elderly patients with HPSCC. A new nomogram was constructed to predict 1-, 3-, and 5-year CSS in elderly patients with HPSCC. Then used the consistency index (C-index), the calibration curve, and the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) to evaluate the accuracy and discrimination of the prediction model. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to assess the clinical value of the model.Results: A total of 3,172 patients were included in the study, and they were randomly divided into a training set (N = 2,219) and a validation set (N = 953). Univariate and multivariate analysis suggested that age, T stage, N stage, M stage, tumor size, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and marriage were independent risk factors for patient prognosis. These nine variables are included in the nomogram to predict the CSS of patients. The C-index for the training set and validation was 0.713 (95% CI, 0.697–0.729) and 0.703 (95% CI, 0.678–0.729), respectively. The AUC results of the training and validation set indicate that this nomogram has good accuracy. The calibration curve indicates that the observed and predicted values are highly consistent. DCA indicated that the nomogram has a better clinical application value than the traditional TNM staging system.Conclusion: This study identified risk factors for survival in elderly patients with HPSCC. We found that age, T stage, N stage, M stage, tumor size, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and marriage are independent prognostic factors. A new nomogram for predicting the CSS of elderly HPSCC patients was established. This model has good clinical application value and can help patients and doctors make clinical decisions.
A Scoping Review of Indicators for Sustainable Healthy Diets
Authors: Harrison Megan R. , Palma Giulia , Buendia Tomás , Bueno-Tarodo Marta , Quell Daria , Hachem Fatima 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Diets are currently unsustainable in many countries as evidenced by the growing burden of malnutrition, degradation of natural resources, contributions to climate change, and unaffordability of healthy diets. Agreement on what constitutes a healthy and sustainable diet has been debated. In 2019, FAO and WHO published the Sustainable Healthy Diets Guiding Principles, defining what qualifies as a sustainable healthy diet. While valuable, these principles require measurable indicators to support their operationalization. Our scoping review aims to describe how sustainable healthy diets have been assessed in the literature since 2010.Methods: A search for English-language articles published in peer-reviewed journals was conducted from January 2010 through February 2020 across three databases. Out of the 504 articles initially identified, 103 articles were included. Metadata were extracted from each article on: publication year, country of study, study aims, methods, main data sources, indicators used to assess sustainable healthy diets, reported indicator strengths or limitations, and main study findings. A qualitative content analysis identified major conceptual themes across indicators and their frequency of use.Findings: From the 103 empirical articles included in our review, 57.3% were published after 2017. Most studies were carried out in high-income countries (74%). Approximately 42% of the articles assessed the sustainability of diets using solely health and environmental indicators; &lt;25% assessed the sustainability of diets across health, environmental, and sociocultural aspects of sustainability. We found a substantial number of unique indicators used for assessing health (n = 82), environmental (n = 117), and sociocultural (n = 43) aspects of diets. These indicators covered concepts related to health outcomes, aspects of diet quality, natural resources, climate change, cultural acceptability, and cost of diets. The preponderance of indicators currently used in research likely poses challenges for stakeholders to identify the most appropriate measures.Conclusion: Robust indicators for sustainable healthy diets are critical for understanding trends, setting targets, and monitoring progress across national and sub-national levels. Our review highlights the geographical imbalance, the narrow focus on health and environmental aspects, and the lack of common measures used in research. Measures registries could provide the decision-support needed by stakeholders to aid in the indicator selection process.
Awake Surgery for Left Posterior Insular Low-Grade Glioma Through the Parietorolandic Operculum: The Need to Preserve the Functional Connectivity. A Case Series
Authors: Duffau Hugues 
Published: January 2022

Objective: Surgical approach to low-grade glioma (LGG) involving the posterior insula is challenging, especially in the left hemisphere, with a high risk of sensorimotor, language, or visual deterioration. In this study, a case series of 5 right-handed patients harboring a left posterior insular LGG is reported, by detailing a transcorticosubcortical approach.Method: The five surgeries were achieved in awake patients using cortical and axonal electrostimulation mapping. The glioma was removed through the left rolandic and/or parietal opercula, with preservation of the subcortical connectivity.Results: The cortical mapping was positive in the five patients, enabling the selection of an optimal transcortical approach, via the anterolateral supramarginal gyrus in four patients and/or via the lateral retrocentral gyrus in three cases (plus through the left superior temporal gyrus in one case). Moreover, the white matter tracts were identified in all cases, i.e., the lateral part of the superior longitudinal fasciculus (five cases), the arcuate fasciculus (four cases), the thalamocortical somatosensory pathways (four cases), the motor pathway (one case), the semantic pathway (three cases), and the optic tract (one case). Complete resection of the LGG was achieved in two patients and near-total resection in three patients. There were no postoperative permanent sensorimotor, language, or visual deficits.Conclusion: A transcortical approach through the parietorolandic operculum in awake patients represents safe and effective access to the left posterior insular LGG. Detection and preservation of the functional connectivity using direct electrostimulation of the white matter bundles are needed in this cross-road brain region to prevent otherwise predictable postsurgical impairments.
Capacidad de carga turística en los senderos del Parque Nacional Podocarpus sector Cajanuma
Authors: González Bustamante Pavel 
Published: January 2022

El turismo se enmarca en los criterios de sostenibilidad ambiental, económica y social, lo cual implica grandes desafíos en el mantenimiento, conservación y preservación de los recursos culturales, naturales, más aún si esta actividad se desarrolla en áreas protegidas, las cuales generalmente forman parte del Patrimonio Natural de un país y no solo proporcionan espacio de ocio y recreación sino también su importancia radica en la provisión de servicios eco sistémicos. El objetivo del presente estudio se enmarca en proporcionar una herramienta clave que permita mejorar la planificación de visitación turística de los senderos del Parque Nacional Podocarpus sector Cajanuma; se utiliza la metodología para establecer la capacidad de carga planteada obteniendo así, la capacidad de carga física, real, de manejo y efectiva para cada uno de los senderos de uso turístico en el área protegida.
Validación de eficiencia del baculovirus para el control de pérdidas ocasionadas por polilla de papa
Authors: Arroyo Amaya Jorge Alberto , Jaime Piñas Jesus Antônio 
Published: January 2022

El estudio tuvo como objetivo validar la eficiencia y efectividad del talco viral baculovirus BT, en la prevención de daños ocasionado por polillas en los tubérculos semilla de papa, efectividad para el desarrollo de brotes sanos de papa almacenada con perdida racional de peso post almacenamiento en la provincia de Acobamba. El trabajo desarrollado fue científico, referido al almacenamiento de papa semilla, evaluación del umbral de daños ocasionados por la presencia de polillas, se tuvo una población de 450 tubérculos semilla de papa variedad Yungay. El nivel de investigación fue experimental. Como resultado se obtuvo el mayor porcentaje de daño a los tubérculos semilla, deterioro del tamaño de brotes, menor peso promedio de tubérculos post almacenamiento y mayor población de larvas de polillas en brotes y tubérculos se manifestó desfavorablemente cuando los tubérculos semilla fueron almacenados tradicionalmente, siendo menor los efectos en aquellos almacenados con “Silicato de magnesio hidratado”: Mg3 SiO10 (OH)2 y Talco BT, sobresaliendo los que fueron impregnados con Talco “silicato de magnesio hidratado” la mayor protección ante las polillas fue el color blanco intenso del producto alojado en los ojos y piel de los tubérculos semilla a diferencia del Talco BT. Para finalizar El post almacenamiento (120 días), merma en peso de la semilla tubérculo de papa de 73.33%, para T3 (testigo), 47.78% de Talco BT y 47.21% para Talco “silicato de magnesio Hidratado” que económicamente ocasiona una perdida/ha., de semilla para T3 (testigo) de S/. 1199.93 soles (densidad: 22727 macollos / ha., 1363.62 kg., de semilla tubérculo /ha.
Analisa dan Perancangan Sistem Informasi Penjualan Online (E-Commerce) Pada Swalayan Menggunakan Analisis Deskriptif
Authors: Elides Restu , Simbolon Anggie Yola Putri , BR. Simatupang Tio Aenjely , Silaban Suhardi Trisno , Batubara M. Diarmansyah 
Published: January 2022

Di era perkembangan yang semakin maju sekarang ini semua kebutuhan sudah bisa di dapatkan dengan cara yang cepat dan mudah dengan teknologi yang dari tahun ke tahun semakin canggih, misalnya dulu jika kita ingin membeli suatu barang/produk, pakaian dan sebagainya kita harus membeli langsung kepada penjual atau toko-toko yang tersedia. Dengan teknologi yang semakin canggih dan ilmu pengetahuhan yang semakin maju sekarang ini kita tidak perlu susah karena sekarang sudah terdapat toko-toko yang menjual barang yang kita butuhkan melalui internet yaitu dengan cara E-commerce atau yang biasa di kenal dengan toko online. Swalayan Helvetia merupakan supermarket yang menjual kebutuhan sehari-hari dan masih menggunakan sistem manual, Oleh sebab itu penulis ingin merancang dan membangun sebuah sistem informasi penjualan secara online yang bisa menjual barang kebutuhan sehari-hari dengan cepat dan mudah. Rancangan aplikasi ini akan dibuat dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif, di mana sistem ini dibuat dengan cara bertahap mulai dari analisa, desain sistem, pembuatan sistem, implementasi, sampai maintenance, aplikasi ini dibuat agar masyarakat dapat terbantu dengan adanya aplikasi ini masyarakat tidak perlu lagi meluangkan waktu atau susah-susah datang ke tempat langsung untuk membeli sesuatu barang/produk. Tujuan perancangan website e-commerce ini adalah untuk memahami sistem penjualan dan strategi secara online untuk meningkatkan keuntungan dan kemudahan dalam bertransaksi.