bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Femoral neck fracture: the reliability of radiologic classifications
Authors: Cazzato Gianpiero , Oliva Maria Serena , Masci Giulia , Vitiello Raffaele , Smimmo Alessandro , Matrangolo Maria Rosaria , Palmacci Osvaldo , D’Adamio Stefano , Ziranu Antonio 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Femoral neck fractures (FNF) are one of the most common injury in the elderly. A valid radiographic classification system is mandatory to perform the correct treatment and to allow surgeons to facilitate communication. This study aims to evaluate reliability of 2018 AO/OTA Classification, AO/OTA simplified and Garden classification.

Methods
Six Orthopaedic surgeons, divided in three groups based on trauma experience, evaluated 150 blinded antero-posterior and latero-lateral radiography of FNF using Garden classification, 2018 AO/OTA and simplified AO/OTA classification. One month later, the radiographs were renumbered and then each observer performed a second evaluation of the radiographs. The Kappa statistical analysis was used to determine the reliability of the classifications. Cohen’s Kappa was calculated to determine intra and inter observer reliability. Fleiss’ Kappa was used to determine multi-rater agreement.

Results
The k values of interobserver reliability for Garden classification was from 0,28 to 0,73 with an average of 0,49. AO classification showed reliability from 0,2 to 0,42, with average of 0,30. Simplified AO/OTA classification showed a reliability from 0,38 to 0,58 with an average of 0,48.
The values of intra observer reliability for Garden classification was from 0,48 to 0,79 with an average of 0,63. AO classification showed reliability from 0,2 to 0,64 with an average of 0,5. Simplified AO/OTA classification showed a reliability from 0,4 to 0,75 with an average of 0,61.

Conclusion
The revised 2018 AO/OTA classification simplified the previous classification of intracapsular fracture but remain unreliable with only fair interobserver reliability. The simplified AO/OTA classification show a reliability similar to Garden classification, with a moderate interobserver reliability. The experience of the surgeons seems not to improve reliability. No classification has been shown to be superior in terms of reliability.
Genome-wide annotation of protein-coding genes in pig
Authors: Karlsson Max , Sjöstedt Evelina , Oksvold Per , Sivertsson Åsa , Huang Jinrong , Álvez María Bueno , Arif Muhammad , Li Xiangyu , Lin Lin , Yu Jiaying , Ma Tao , Xu Fengping , Han Peng , Jiang Hui , Mardinoglu Adil , Zhang Cheng , von Feilitzen Kalle , Xu Xun , Wang Jian , Yang Huanming , Bolund Lars , Zhong Wen , Fagerberg Linn , Lindskog Cecilia , Pontén Fredrik , Mulder Jan , Luo Yonglun , Uhlen Mathias 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
There is a need for functional genome-wide annotation of the protein-coding genes to get a deeper understanding of mammalian biology. Here, a new annotation strategy is introduced based on dimensionality reduction and density-based clustering of whole-body co-expression patterns. This strategy has been used to explore the gene expression landscape in pig, and we present a whole-body map of all protein-coding genes in all major pig tissues and organs.

Results
An open-access pig expression map (www.rnaatlas.org) is presented based on the expression of 350 samples across 98 well-defined pig tissues divided into 44 tissue groups. A new UMAP-based classification scheme is introduced, in which all protein-coding genes are stratified into tissue expression clusters based on body-wide expression profiles. The distribution and tissue specificity of all 22,342 protein-coding pig genes are presented.

Conclusions
Here, we present a new genome-wide annotation strategy based on dimensionality reduction and density-based clustering. A genome-wide resource of the transcriptome map across all major tissues and organs in pig is presented, and the data is available as an open-access resource (www.rnaatlas.org), including a comparison to the expression of human orthologs.
Dichotomy between the humoral and cellular responses elicited by mRNA and adenoviral vector vaccines against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Ukey Rahul , Bruiners Natalie , Mishra Hridesh , Mishra Pankaj K. , McCloskey Deborah , Onyuka Alberta , Chen Fei , Pinter Abraham , Weiskopf Daniela , Sette Alessandro , Roy Jason , Gaur Sunanda , Gennaro Maria Laura 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Protection from severe disease and hospitalization by SARS-CoV-2 vaccination has been amply demonstrated by real-world data. However, the rapidly evolving pandemic raises new concerns. One pertains efficacy of adenoviral vector-based vaccines, particularly the single-dose Ad26.COV2.S, relative to mRNA vaccines.

Main body
We investigated the immunogenicity of Ad26.COV2.S and mRNA vaccines in 33 subjects vaccinated with either vaccine class 5 months earlier on average. After controlling for the time since vaccination, Spike-binding antibody and neutralizing antibody levels were higher in the mRNA-vaccinated subjects, while no significant differences in antigen-specific B cell and T cell responses were observed between the two groups.

Conclusions
A dichotomy exists between the humoral and cellular responses elicited by the two vaccine classes. Testing only for humoral responses to compare the durability of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced responses, as typically performed for public health and research purposes, is insufficient.
A UCMPs@MIL-100 based thermo-sensitive molecularly imprinted fluorescence sensor for effective detection of β-lactoglobulin allergen in milk products
Authors: Hong Liping , Pan Mingfei , Yang Xiao , Xie Xiaoqian , Liu Kaixin , Yang Jingying , Wang Shan , Wang Shuo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this study, a thermo-sensitive molecularly imprinted fluorescence sensor was developed for the specific detection of β-Lactoglobulin (β-LG) allergen in milk products. The metal–organic frameworks (MIL-100) with a high specific surface area was coated on the surface of upconversion micro-particles (UCMPs). As the core, an imprinted polymer layer allowing for swelling and shrinking with response to temperature was prepared, which exhibited high adsorption and mass transfer capabilities for β-LG allergen. The fluorescence intensity of UCMPs@MIL-100@MIP decreased linearly with the concentration of β-LG in the range of 0.1–0.8 mg mL−1, and the limit of detection was 0.043 mg mL−1. The imprinting factor reached 3.415, which indicated that excellent specificity of the UCMPs@MIL-100@MIP for β-LG allergen. In the analysis of β-LG allergen in actual milk samples, the proposed UCMPs@MIL-100@MIP fluorescence sensor produced reliable and accurate results (recovery: 86.0–98.4%, RSD: 2.8–6.8%), closely related to the results of standard HPLC method (correlation coefficient: 0.9949), indicating that its feasibility in the detection of β-LG allergen.
Graphical Abstract
Balancing social and economic factors - explorative qualitative analysis of working conditions of supervisors in German social firms
Authors: Kordsmeyer Ann-Christin , Efimov Ilona , Lengen Julia Christine , Flothow Annegret , Nienhaus Albert , Harth Volker , Mache Stefanie 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Social firms are companies on the general labour market which provide employment to people with severe disabilities. In this setting different job resources are offered for its employees, including social support or flexibility in terms of working hours, tasks or pace of work. However, to date, only limited evidence exists on the work and health situation of supervisors in social firms. Therefore, the study aims to explore job demands and resources of supervisors in social firms to increase knowledge in a little researched field and to develop recommendations for action on workplace health promotion.

Methods
Sixteen semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with supervisors of social firms in the North of Germany within July and November 2020. Different sectors such as gastronomy or cleaning services as well as employment opportunities for people with different types of disabilities were included. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed following the qualitative content analysis according to Mayring (deductive-inductive approach).

Results
Overall, a heterogeneous composition was aimed for in terms of age and gender distribution (68.75% were male and between 32 and 60 years old). Supervisors reported various job demands in social firms, including for instance emotional demands, conflicts between social and economic objectives, conflict management, exposure to heat, heavy lifting or constant standing. In contrast, a high meaning of work, possibilities in shaping the structure of the social firm, social support of colleagues or the management and the provision of an ergonomic work environment were highlighted as job resources. Further person-related demands (e.g. own expectations) and resources (e.g. patience) were underlined as well.

Conclusion
First exploratory insights were provided with reference to job demands and resources for supervisors in social firms. The overview on working conditions underlines the significance of a supportive work environment taking structural and behavioural-related implications into account to reduce demands and strengthen resources. Further interventional research is needed regarding the development, testing and evaluation of workplace health promotion interventions in social firms.
Non-criteria manifestations in primary antiphospholipid syndrome: a French multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Guédon Alexis F. , Catano Jennifer , Ricard Laure , Laurent Charlotte , de Moreuil Claire , Urbanski Geoffrey , Deriaz Sophie , Gerotziafas Grigorios , Elalamy Ismail , Audemard Alexandra , Chasset Francois , Alamowitch Sonia , Sellam Jérémie , Maillot François , Boffa Jean Jacques , Cohen Ariel , Abisror Noémie , Fain Olivier , Mekinian Arsène 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundFrom this retrospective study, we aimed to (1) describe the prevalence and characteristics of non-criteria features in primary antiphospholipid syndrome (p-APS) and (2) determine their prognostic value.MethodsThis retrospective French multicenter cohort study included all patients diagnosed with p-APS (Sydney criteria) between January 2012 and January 2019. We used Kaplan-Meier and adjusted Cox proportional hazards models to compare the incidence of relapse in p-APS with and without non-criteria manifestations.ResultsOne hundred and seventy-nine patients with p-APS were included during the study time, with a median age of 52.50 years [39.0; 65.25] and mainly women (n= 112; 62.6%). Among them, forty-three patients (24.0%) presented at least one non-criteria manifestation during the follow-up: autoimmune cytopenias (n= 17; 39.5%), Libman Sachs endocarditis (n= 5; 11.6%), APS nephropathy (n= 4; 9.3%), livedo reticularis (n= 8; 18.6%), and neurological manifestations (n= 12; 27.9%). In comparison to p-APS without any non-criteria manifestations (n= 136), p-APS with non-criteria features had more arterial thrombosis (n= 24; 55.8% vsn= 48; 35.3%;p= 0.027) and more frequent pre-eclampsia (n= 6; 14.3% vsn= 4; 3.1%;p= 0.02). The prevalence of triple positivity was significantly increased in patients with non-criteria features (n= 20; 47.6% vsn= 25; 19.8%;p= 0.001). Patients with p-APS and non-criteria manifestations (n= 43) received significantly more additional therapies combined with vitamin K antagonists and/or antiaggregants. Catastrophic APS (CAPS) tended to be more frequent in p-APS with non-criteria features (n= 2; 5.1% vs none;p= 0.074).The p-APS with non-criteria manifestations had significantly increased rates of relapse (n= 20; 58.8% vs 33; 33.7%;p= 0.018) in bivariate analysis, but in survival analyses, the hazard ratio (HR) of relapse was not significantly different between the two groups (HR at 1.34 [0.67; 2.68];p= 0.40).ConclusionsThe presence of non-criteria features is important to consider, as they are associated with particular clinical and laboratory profiles, increased risk of relapse, and need for additional therapies. Prospective studies are necessary to better stratify the prognosis and the management of p-APS.
The role of TolA, TolB, and TolR in cell morphology, OMVs production, and virulence of Salmonella Choleraesuis
Authors: Li Quan , Li Zheng , Fei Xia , Tian Yichen , Zhou Guodong , Hu Yuhan , Wang Shifeng , Shi Huoying 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Tol–Pal system of Gram-negative bacteria is necessary for maintaining outer membrane integrity. It is a multiprotein complex of five envelope proteins, TolQ, TolR, TolA, TolB, and Pal. These proteins were first investigated in E. coli, and subsequently been identified in many other bacterial genera. However, the function of the Tol–Pal system in Salmonella Choleraesuis pathogenesis is still unclear. Here, we reported the role of three of these proteins in the phenotype and biology of S. Choleraesuis. We found that mutations in tolA, tolB, and tolR caused severe damage to the cell wall, which was supported by observing the microstructure of spherical forms, long chains, flagella defects, and membrane blebbing. We confirmed that all the mutants significantly decreased S. Choleraesuis survival when exposed to sodium deoxycholate and exhibited a high sensitivity to vancomycin, which may be explained by the disruption of envelope integrity. In addition, tolA, tolB, and tolR mutants displayed attenuated virulence in a mouse infection model. This could be interpreted as a series of defective phenotypes in the mutants, such as severe defects in envelope integrity, growth, and motility. Further investigation showed that all the genes participate in outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) biogenesis. Interestingly, immunization with OMVs from ΔtolB efficiently enhanced murine viability in contrast to OMVs from the wild-type S. Choleraesuis, suggesting its potential use in vaccination strategies. Collectively, this study provides an insight into the biological role of the S. Choleraesuis Tol–Pal system.
Neuropsychological exponents for the driving ability in remitted bipolar patients
Authors: Joachimiak Piotr , Jaracz Krystyna , Jaracz Jan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with cognitive deficits regardless of the phase of the disease. Medications used in treatment are an additional factor that may affect cognitive performance. Poor cognitive performance can significantly affect a patient's ability to drive.

Aim of the study
This study aims to explore cognitive functions relevant for safe driving in the group of remitted bipolar patients.

Method
Patients with BD in remission (n = 33) and healthy volunteers (n = 32) were included. Selected psychometric tests for drivers were carried out using computer software: called Specialistic Diagnostic Platform (SPD): The Cross-over Test (COT) version with free tempo (COT-F) and tempo of 50 tasks per minute (COT-50) and the Signal Test (ST). Moreover, the following neuropsychological tests were used: Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT) part A and B, and Trail Making Test (TMT) version A and B.

Results
In comparison with healthy controls bipolar patients in remission had poorer outcomes for some cognitive parameters and longer reaction times in both tests for drivers and neuropsychological tests. Additionally, we found a significant correlation between the time of performance of neuropsychological tests and the time of psychometric tests for drivers.

Conclusion
Patients with BD performed worse in several cognitive domains assessed by tests for drivers and neuropsychological tasks. These deficits can affect the speed of the patient's motor reactions while driving.
Tsunami inundation characteristics along the Japan Sea coastline: effect of dunes, breakwaters, and rivers
Authors: Yamanaka Yusuke , Shimozono Takenori 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFor Japanese coastal communities along the Japan Sea, where the risk of earthquake-induced tsunamis is deemed lower than that along the Pacific Ocean, tsunami disaster mitigation strategies have not been sufficiently developed. This study estimated the tsunami inundation characteristics for three major Japanese coastal cities along the Japan Sea. Based on tsunami simulations for representative coastal areas, we aimed to identify common vulnerabilities, which included those suggested by previous studies and local governments, to develop disaster mitigation strategies. Comprehensive simulations for tsunami propagation and inundation were performed for coastal areas in Akita City, Sakata City, and Niigata City based on earthquake and tsunami source scenarios developed by the Japanese Government for the Japan Sea area. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the estimated inundation characteristics, tsunami inundation was simulated for each coastal area under varying tsunami source conditions (including excessive tsunami magnitude) with a high resolution of the topography and infrastructure. Natural sand dunes, ports with man-made breakwaters, and rivers with levees are typical topographical features found in urbanized and densely populated areas along the Japan Sea coastline. According to the simulated results, the dunes and port breakwaters contribute significantly to decreasing the total amount of tsunami inundation for the areas behind them. However, the presence of the breakwaters also increases the tsunami heights in the areas immediately beyond the ports. Additionally, even the areas protected by the dunes might be exposed to an inundation risk in which the tsunamis invade a river channel, causing it to overflow. These findings were common to the coastal areas, and could be generally applicable to tsunami inundation for all coastal areas along the Japan Sea. Based on these results, the enhancement of existing infrastructure such as breakwaters and river levees should be the priority measure within tsunami risk-mitigation strategies; these, combined with natural resources such as dunes, can effectively mitigate tsunami disasters.
Graphical Abstract
Cross-species virus transmission and its pandemic potential
Authors: Choudhury Priyanka Ray , Saha Tapoja , Goel Sachin , Shah Janvi Manish , Ganjewala Deepak 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The majority of pandemics are known to be a result of either bacteria or viruses out of which viruses seem to be an entity of growing concern due to the sheer number of yet unidentified and potentially threatening viruses, their ability to quickly evolve and transform, their ability to transfer and change from one host organism to another and the difficulty in creating safe vaccines on time.

Main body
The present review attempts to bring forth the potential risks, prevention and its impact on the global society in terms of sociological and economic parameters. Taking hindsight from previously as well as ongoing current viral epidemics, this article aims to draw a concrete correlation between these viruses in terms of their origin, spread and attempts to compare how much they can affect the population. The study also assesses the worst-case scenarios and the amount of preparedness, required to fight against such pandemics and compares the required amount of preparedness to the current precautions and measures by different governments all across the world.

Short conclusion
Learning from the current pandemic, we can implement certain measures to prevent the adverse effects of pandemics in the future and through severe preparedness can combat the challenges brought about by the pandemic.
Gut microbiota of the threatened takahē: biogeographic patterns and conservation implications
Authors: West Annie G. , DeLaunay Anne , Marsh Phil , Perry Elena K. , Jolly Megan , Gartrell Brett D. , Pas An , Digby Andrew , Taylor Michael W. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The Aotearoa New Zealand takahē (Porphyrio hochstetteri), once thought to be extinct, is a nationally threatened flightless rail under intensive conservation management. While there has been previous research into disease-related microbes in takahē, little is known about the microbes present in the gastrointestinal tract. Given the importance of gut-associated microbes to herbivore nutrition and immunity, knowledge of these communities is likely to be of considerable conservation value. Here we examined the gut microbiotas of 57 takahē at eight separate locations across Aotearoa New Zealand.

Results
Faecal samples, taken as a proxy for the hindgut bacterial community, were subjected to 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing using Illumina MiSeq. Phylogenetic analysis of > 2200 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) revealed nine main bacterial phyla (Acidobacteriota, Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Campilobacterota, Firmicutes, Fusobacteriota, Planctomycetota, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobiota) that accounted for the majority of sequence reads. Location was a significant effect (p value < 0.001, 9999 permutations) that accounted for 32% of the observed microbiota variation. One ASV, classified as Lactobacillus aviarius, was present in all samples at an average relative abundance of 17% (SD = 23.20). There was strong evidence (p = 0.002) for a difference in the abundance of the genus Lactobacillus between locations. A common commensal bacterium previously described in takahē, Campylobacter spp., was also detected in most faecal samples.

Conclusions
Location plays a pivotal role in the observed variation among takahē gut bacterial communities and is potentially due to factors such as supplemental feeding and medical treatment experienced by birds housed in captivity at one of the eight sampled sites. These data present a first glimpse of the previously unexplored takahē gut microbiota and provide a baseline for future microbiological studies and conservation efforts.
Modeling, analyzing and simulating the dynamics of Lassa fever in Nigeria
Authors: Ojo Mayowa M. , Goufo Emile Franc Doungmo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLassa fever is an infectious and zoonotic disease with incidence ranging between a hundred to three hundred thousand cases, with approximately five thousand deaths reported yearly in West Africa. This disease has become endemic in the Lassa belt of Sub-Saharan Africa, thus increasing the health burden in these regions including Nigeria. A deterministic mathematical model is presented to study the dynamics of Lassa fever in Nigeria. The model describes the transmission between two interacting hosts, namely the human and rodent populations. Using the cumulative number of cases reported by the Nigerian Centre for Disease Control within the first week of January 2020 through the eleventh week in 2021, we performed the model fitting and parameterization using the nonlinear least square method. The reproduction number $${\mathcal {R}}_{0}$$

R
0

which measures the potential spread of Lassa fever in the population is used to investigate the local and global stability of the system. The result shows that the model system is locally and globally asymptomatically stable whenever $${\mathcal {R}}_{0}<1$$

R
0

<
1

, otherwise it is unstable. Furthermore, the endemic equilibrium stability is investigated and the criteria for the existence of the phenomenon of bifurcation is presented. We performed the sensitivity analysis of each reproduction number parameter and solutions of the developed model are derived through an iterative numerical technique, a six-stage fifth-order Runge–Kutta method. Numerical simulations of the total infected human population $$(E_{h}+I_{h})$$

(

E
h

+

I
h

)

under different numerical values (controlled parameters) are presented. The result from this study shows that combined controlled parameters made the total infected human population decline faster and thus reduces Lassa fever’s burden on the population.