bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurological effects of COVID‐19 in infants and children
Authors: Stafstrom Carl E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNeurological manifestations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in children are becoming increasingly apparent as the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic continues. While children manifest relatively milder features of the disease, accumulating evidence warrants concern that COVID‐19 exacts both acute‐ and long‐term effects on the developing central and peripheral nervous systems. This review focuses on the relatively underinvestigated topic of the effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 on the brain in infancy and childhood, concluding that clinicians should be attentive to both the acute effects and long‐term consequences of COVID‐19 from a neurological perspective.
Non‐attendance at outpatient clinic appointments by children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Paget Simon P. , McIntyre Sarah , Goldsmith Shona , Ostojic Katarina , Shrapnel Jane , Schneuer Francisco , Waugh Mary‐Clare , Kyriagis Maria , Nassar Natasha 
Published: March 2022

AimTo determine factors that influence non‐attendance at outpatient clinics by children with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodThis was a retrospective cohort study of 1395 children with CP (59.6% male; born 2005 to 2017) identified from the New South Wales (NSW)/Australian Capital Territory CP Register, who had scheduled appointments at outpatient clinics at two NSW tertiary paediatric hospitals between 2012 and 2019. Associations between sociodemographic, clinical, and process‐of‐care factors and non‐attendance were examined using multivariate logistic regression with generalized estimating equations.ResultsA total of 5773 (12%) of 50 121 scheduled outpatient days were not attended. Non‐attendance increased over time (average increase 5.6% per year, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.7–7.3). Older children aged 5 to 9 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.11; 95% CI: 1.02–1.22) and 10 to 14 years (aOR 1.17; 95% CI: 1.03–1.34), socioeconomic disadvantage (aOR 1.29; 95% CI: 1.11–1.50), previous non‐attendance (aOR 1.38; 95% CI: 1.23–1.53), and recent rescheduled or cancelled appointments (aOR 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01–1.16) were associated with increased likelihood of non‐attendance.InterpretationOne in eight outpatient appointments for children with CP were not attended. Non‐attendance was associated with increasing age, socioeconomic disadvantage, previous non‐attendance, and recent rescheduled or cancelled appointments. Identifying specific barriers and interventions to improve access to outpatient services for these groups is needed.What this paper adds

Twelve per cent of scheduled appointments for children with cerebral palsy are not attended.

Proportions of appointments not attended has increased over the last decade.

Increasing age and socioeconomic disadvantage increase the likelihood of non‐attendance.

Previous non‐attendance and recent cancelled or rescheduled appointments increase the likelihood of further non‐attendance.
Type 2 diabetes pharmacotherapy trends in high‐risk subgroups
Authors: Bae Jay , Liu Dongju , Chinthammit Chanadda , Kadziola Zbigniew , Boye Kristina , Mather Kieren 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMedication use trends among patients with type 2 diabetes from 2015 to 2019 were investigated in relation to the clinical group‐specific recommendations from the 2018 American Diabetes Association (ADA)/European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) consensus report. Data were drawn from a large health insurance claims database representing Commercial (total patient‐year count: 2,379,704) and Medicare (total patient‐year count: 845,823) insurance programmes (IBM® MarketScan®). The utilization of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors or glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists increased over time but was lower in the Medicare cohort in every year evaluated. Patients diagnosed with obesity received recommended therapies at higher rates than those without obesity. Differences were more modest between those with versus without atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) or chronic kidney disease, with greater treatment adoption in those without ASCVD in the Medicare cohort. Utilization of recommended treatments was paradoxically lower in those with versus without heart failure, and worse in the Medicare than in the Commercial cohort. Utilization of sulphonylureas was not different in those with versus without severe hypoglycaemia history. In conclusion, utilization of therapies recommended in the guidelines is increasing overall, which is not preferentially guided by ADA/EASD‐defined clinical groups, and there exists a persistent gap in utilization between Commercial and Medicare populations.
Genes and compounds that increase type VII collagen expression as potential treatments for dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: Thompson Elizabeth L. , Pickett‐Leonard Michael , Riddle Megan J. , Chen Weili , Albert Frank W. , Tolar Jakub 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) is a skin‐blistering disease caused by mutations in COL7A1, which encodes type VII collagen (C7). There is no cure for DEB, but previous work has shown potential therapeutic benefit of increased production of even partially functional C7. Genome‐wide screens using CRISPR‐Cas9 have enabled the identification of genes involved in cancer development, drug resistance and other genetic diseases, suggesting that they could be used to identify drivers of C7 production. A keratinocyte C7 reporter cell line was created and used in a genome‐wide CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) screen to identify genes and pathways that increase C7 expression. The CRISPRa screen results were used to develop a targeted drug screen to identify compounds that upregulate C7 expression. The C7_tdTomato cell line was validated as an effective reporter for detection of C7 upregulation. The CRISPRa screen identified DENND4B and TYROBP as top gene hits plus pathways related to calcium uptake and immune signalling in C7 regulation. The targeted drug screen identified several compounds that increase C7 expression in keratinocytes, of which kaempferol, a plant flavonoid, also significantly increased C7 mRNA and protein in DEB patient cells.
CIAMS—Checkpoint‐intrigued adversary mitigation scheme for industrial internet of things
Authors: Donald Jose Patris , Joseph Linda 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe industrial internet of things (IIoT) encompasses smart devices, manufacturing systems, humans, and networks for automated productive outcomes. The placement of devices and networks is vulnerable to distributed denial of service (DDOS) attacks that degrade the productivity and efficiency of IIoT. In this article, we propose a checkpoint‐intrigued adversary mitigation scheme (CIAMS) for improving the security features and recommendations of the detection systems. Features that use the recommendation to provide relevant information maintain their security level. A DDoS attack is dealt with at the outset, resulting in increased productivity. The IIoT's smart devices are less productive and efficient because of this DDoS attack. This CIAMS method is designed to address vulnerability and the ability to survive the features checkpoints. The proposed scheme substantiates the security breach and lag in the checkpoint systems against DDOS attacks. The checkpoints' vulnerability level and surviving features are assessed using a classified learning approach. In this assessment, the degrading features are reimbursed by improving the security functions, control, and access methods. Periodic checkpoint replacement and mutual security measures are used for mitigating the prolonging DDOS impact in the network. The proposed scheme's performance is verified using false positives, service distribution, lag, an efficiency score. Improvements have been made to the industrial environment's service delivery and efficiency. By reducing false positives by 10.35%, the proposed scheme improves service distribution ratio and efficiency score by 11.68% and 12.55% for different devices.
Eliminating the high false‐positive rate in defect prediction through BayesNet with adjustable weight
Authors: Zhao Yanyang , Wang Yawen , Zhang Dalin , Gong Yunzhan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn defect prediction, a high false‐positive rate (FPR) caused by class imbalance not only increases the workload of testing and development but also consumes unnecessary costs. Many defect models against class imbalance have been proposed to improve the accuracy of defect prediction, but their ability to reduce FPR is unclear. To solve these problems, we first proposed a BayesNet with adjustable weights, called WBN, to reduce the FPR in software defect prediction, which is an algorithm independent of data preprocessing techniques. The mechanism of our WBN is to change the sampling probability of the misclassified instances when training the defect model, making the BayesNet model focus more on false alarm instances. And then, we investigate the FPR of five mainstream defect models for solving class imbalance and select them as comparison models to test the validity of our methods. The experimental result on eight open‐source projects shows that a) our WBN, in in‐version defect prediction (IVDP) and cross‐version defect prediction (CVDP), effectively reduces FPR with means of 0.384 and 0.322, respectively; b) compared with improved subclass discriminant analysis (ISDA) that is the lowest FPR in all control models, our WBN not only reduced the FPR but maintained recall whose mean value was 0.797, whereas ISDA did not, with an average recall of only 0.397; c) our WBN, in CVDP, not only reduces FPR, but also has significant superiority over five control defect models and baseline. Besides, we also found that the class imbalance difference between the test set and the training set has an impact on CVDP performance, recommending that practitioners choose the best dataset for CVDP from the defect data of the historical version through special technology.
Characterization of non‐planar crack tip displacement fields using a differential geometry approach in combination with 3D digital image correlation
Authors: Camacho‐Reyes Alonso , Vasco‐Olmo Jose M. , James M. Neil , Diaz Francisco A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper describes a novel differential geometry method that is used in combination with 3D digital image correlation (3D‐DIC) for crack tip field characterization on non‐planar (curved) surfaces. The proposed approach allows any of the two‐dimensional crack tip field models currently available in the literature to be extended to the analysis of a 3D developable surface with zero Gaussian curvature. The method was validated by analyzing the crack tip displacement fields on hollow thin‐walled cylindrical specimens, manufactured from either 304L or 2024‐T3 alloy that contained a central circumferential crack. The proposed approach was checked via a comparison between experimentally measured displacement fields (3D‐DIC) and those reconstructed from a modified 2D crack tip model (utilizing either 2, 3, or 4 terms of the William's expansion series) and implementing a 3D geometrical correction. Further validation was provided by comparing model‐derived stress intensity factors with values provided by empirical correlations.
Elemental composition and microbial decomposition of different angling baits
Authors: Imbert Alexis , Cucherousset Julien , Parthuisot Nathalie , Boulêtreau Stéphanie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRecreational fishing, through groundbaiting, provides a potentially important trophic subsidy to freshwater ecosystems that could promote eutrophication. To date, our understanding of the role of bait properties on their fate when they are not consumed remains limited. The present study aimed to determine if the C:N:P composition of some of the most commonly used angling baits modulated microbial decomposition. The C:N:P composition of 28 models of four commercially available angling baits was assessed and a microcosm experiment was used to quantify microbial decomposition. Elemental composition strongly varied among angling baits, with N content varying by a factor of three and P content varying by a factor of five. Microbial decomposition of angling baits was highly variable and faster for more industrialised baits. Microbial decomposition was five times faster for angling baits rather than natural subsidies (leaves) and was not significantly correlated with high N or P content. Compared to natural subsidies, angling baits were a favourable substrate for bacterial growth. Angling baits represent a source of highly available nutrients and the most‐enriched angling baits might affect ecological processes and water quality in ecosystems with high angling pressure, especially when their use is not regulated.
Responsible agriculture must adapt to the wetland character of mid‐latitude peatlands
Authors: Freeman Benjamin W. J. , Evans Chris D. , Musarika Samuel , Morrison Ross , Newman Thomas R. , Page Susan E. , Wiggs Giles F. S. , Bell Nicholle G. A. , Styles David , Wen Yuan , Chadwick David R. , Jones Davey L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDrained, lowland agricultural peatlands are greenhouse gas (GHG) emission hotspots and a large but vulnerable store of irrecoverable carbon. They exhibit soil loss rates of ~2.0 cm yr−1 and are estimated to account for 32% of global cropland emissions while producing only 1.1% of crop kilocalories. Carbon dioxide emissions account for >80% of their terrestrial GHG emissions and are largely controlled by water table depth. Reducing drainage depths is, therefore, essential for responsible peatland management. Peatland restoration can substantially reduce emissions. However, this may conflict with societal needs to maintain productive use, to protect food security and livelihoods. Wetland agriculture strategies will, therefore, be required to adapt agriculture to the wetland character of peatlands, and balance GHG mitigation against productivity, where halting emissions is not immediately possible. Paludiculture may substantially reduce GHG emissions but will not always be viable in the current economic landscape. Reduced drainage intensity systems may deliver partial reductions in the rate of emissions, with smaller modifications to existing systems. These compromise systems may face fewer hurdles to adoption and minimize environmental harm until societal conditions favour strategies that can halt emissions. Wetland agriculture will face agronomic, socio‐economic and water management challenges, and careful implementation will be required. Diversity of values and priorities among stakeholders creates the potential for conflict. Successful implementation will require participatory research approaches and co‐creation of workable solutions. Policymakers, private sector funders and researchers have key roles to play but adoption risks would fall predominantly on land managers. Development of a robust wetland agriculture paradigm is essential to deliver resilient production systems and wider environmental benefits. The challenge of responsible use presents an opportunity to rethink peatland management and create thriving, innovative and green wetland landscapes for everyone's future benefit, while making a vital contribution to global climate change mitigation.
ERNST TOLLER SPEAKS AT THE WORLD CONGRESS OF WRITERS IN NEW YORK, 8–10 MAY 1939
Authors: von Tippelskirch Karina 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTThis article investigates Ernst Toller's last public speech, ‘How Can Culture Survive Exile?’, which he delivered at the World Congress of Writers on 9 May 1939, in New York City. I first discuss the context of the speech, the writers’ congress, which took place alongside the World's Fair in New York and was organised under the auspices of the American PEN Centre and its president, Dorothy Thompson. Following that I describe Toller's relationship with Thompson. I then investigate Toller's speech and his arguments about German culture in exile, the duties and difficulties of exiled writers, and his calls to action. The last part of the article compares the published version of the speech with a later manuscript that has not been published to this day. It was broadcast on 16 May 1939, on the US radio station WNYC. Some passages in the later version differ from the speech that Toller had delivered a week earlier, most importantly by proposing a new initiative to support exiled writers. This change in the later manuscript is interpreted as a response to discussions at the World Congress of Writers. It also shows that after Franco's victory in Spain, Toller continued to develop new initiatives for the future.
A systematic review and narrative synthesis of footwear and orthotic devices used in the management of ankle haemarthrosis and haemarthropathy in haemophilia
Authors: Wilkins Richard A. , Chapman Lara S. , Emmel Jenny C. , Flannery Thuvia , Chapman Graham J. , Walwyn Rebecca E. A. , Redmond Anthony C. , Siddle Heidi J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionHaemarthrosis is a clinical feature of haemophilia leading to haemarthropathy. The ankle joint is most commonly affected, resulting in significant pain, disability and a reduction in health‐related quality of life. Footwear and orthotic devices are effective in other diseases that affect the foot and ankle, such as rheumatoid arthritis, but little is known about their effect in haemophilia.AimsTo review the efficacy and effectiveness of footwear and orthotic devices in the management of ankle joint haemarthrosis and haemarthropathy in haemophilia.MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted. Two review authors independently screened studies for inclusion and appraised methodological quality using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal checklists. A narrative analysis was undertaken.ResultsTen studies involving 271 male participants were eligible for inclusion. All studies were quasi‐experimental; three employed a within‐subject design. Two studies included an independent comparison or control group. A range of footwear and orthotic devices were investigated. Limited evidence from non‐randomised studies suggested that footwear and orthotic devices improve the number of ankle joint bleeding episodes, gait parameters and patient‐reported pain.ConclusionThis review demonstrates a lack of robust evidence regarding the efficacy and effectiveness of footwear and orthotic devices in the management of ankle joint haemarthrosis and haemarthropathy in haemophilia. Methodological heterogeneities and limitations with the study designs, small sample sizes and limited follow‐up of participants exist. Future studies utilising randomised designs, larger sample sizes, long‐term follow‐up and validated patient‐reported outcome measures are needed to inform the clinical management of ankle joint haemarthrosis and haemarthropathy.
Differences in sibling temperament are associated with differences in maternal use of food to soothe during infancy: A sibling analysis
Authors: Ruggiero Cara F. , Marini Michele E. , Llewellyn Clare H. , McHale Susan M. , Paul Ian M. , Savage Jennifer S. 
Published: March 2022

SummaryBackgroundFirstborn children are more likely to have obesity than secondborns, which may partially be explained by differential use of food to soothe (FTS) infant distress, which has been inked to higher weight status.ObjectivesTo test associations between the birth order and maternal FTS and whether differences in sibling temperament and body mass index (BMI) z‐scores were associated differences in maternal FTS.MethodsRandom effect models assessed associations between birth order and FTS. Linear regressions examined associations between differences in maternal FTS and sibling differences in temperament at 16 weeks and BMI z‐scores at 1 year.ResultsMothers (n = 117) used contextual‐based FTS more with firstborns than secondborns (2.70 vs. 2.38, p < 0.0001). Sibling differences in negative affect were associated with differences in maternal contextual‐based (R2 = 0.09, p = 0.002) and emotion‐based (R2 = 0.09, p = 0.001) FTS. Sibling differences in effortful control were associated with differences in maternal emotion‐based FTS (R2 = 0.04, p = 0.04). Finally, differences in maternal emotion‐based FTS were associated with sibling differences in BMI z‐scores at age 1 year (R2 = 0.14, p = 0.006).ConclusionsTo promote healthy child weight, mothers should learn to respond to each child's temperament and use alternatives to FTS infant distress.
A global analysis of mosses reveals low phylogenetic endemism and highlights the importance of long‐distance dispersal
Authors: Sanbonmatsu Katie Kobara , Spalink Daniel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimDigitization of herbarium specimens and DNA sequencing efforts in the past decade have enabled integrative analyses of patterns of diversity and endemism in a phylogenetic context. Here, we compare the best available floristic databases to a comprehensive specimen database to examine spatial patterns of moss phylogenetic assembly. We test the hypotheses that (1) mosses exhibit phylogenetic regionalization, (2) islands contain significantly high phylogenetic diversity and (3) that moss phylogenetic endemism is low on a global scale.LocationGlobal.TaxonMosses.MethodsWe developed a phylogeny of 3654 moss species using 25 markers and compiled a global specimen database from online repositories. We calculated floristic and phylogenetic measures of diversity and endemism and performed randomizations to test for significant deviations from expectations. We use rarefaction and extrapolation to alleviate substantial differences in sampling effort across the globe. We used both phylogenetic and floristic methods to test for spatial regionalization. We compare our specimen‐based results to those obtained using a floristic dataset.ResultsPhylogenetic diversity is more robust to missing data than species richness. Mean phylogenetic distance was significantly higher than expected in areas with high species richness, indicating that reported richness in these areas is likely a product of repeated colonization. Phylogenetic endemism is low globally. Phylogenetic regionalizations cluster into a Holarctic/Holantarctic temperate region, a pantropical region, and a region composed of Australia, New Zealand and South Africa.Main ConclusionsFuture efforts for collecting, sequencing and databasing moss species should focus on the tropics, particularly Africa and Southeast Asia. We provide further evidence to support several important theories developed in moss biogeography, including the role of long‐distance dispersal in shaping floristic patterns, the dominance of anagenesis in driving patterns of island diversity, and the role of climatic instability in driving patterns of assembly in the Holarctic.