bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of an auxetic core layer and symmetric FGM face layers on the 3D wave propagation response of sandwich nanoplates
Authors: Eroğlu Mustafa , Esen İsmail , Koç Mehmet Akif 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study explores the thermomechanical 3D wave propagation behavior of a sandwich nanosensor plate with an auxetic core, leveraging nonlocal strain gradient elasticity and sinusoidal higher-order shear deformation theories. The plate comprises functionally graded ceramic (Si3N4) and metal (Ti6Al4V) face layers, with an auxetic Ti6Al4V core having a negative Poisson's ratio. Governing equations are derived using Hamilton's principle, leading to the Navier solution for 3D wave propagation. The results indicate that increasing the β₁ parameter enhances phase velocities and wave frequencies, while smaller β₃ values significantly impact stiffness and frequency. These findings provide a framework for optimizing the design of nanosensors, ensuring improved performance and reliability in high-temperature applications across various industries.
Open hands, large numbers: manual gestures influence random number generation
Authors: Villani Caterina , De Muynck Glenn , Borghi Anna M. , Lugli Luisa , Winter Bodo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Several studies suggest that numerical cognition interacts with spatial cognition. Here, we explored spatial-numerical associations through the lens of manual gestures. We asked English and Italian participants to generate ‘random’ sequences of numbers while simultaneously moving the hands outwards, away from the torso, or inwards, towards the mid center of the body. These manual gestures were modeled after gestures that are common in naturally occurring numerical discourse, such as when people talk about “huge numbers” or “tiny numbers.” Results showed that in both participant groups, outwards movements coincided with relatively larger numbers compared to inwards movements, for which generated numbers were smaller. This effect was small in magnitude. We also explored individual differences and found that self-reported numeracy as well as levels of gesture production and perception modulated the effect of our gesture manipulation very little, if at all.
Evaluation of fracture lines in adolescent lumbar spondylolysis using MR bone imaging as an alternative to computed tomography
Authors: Okuyama Kohei , Aoki Yasuchika , Matushita Yukio , Toyooka Tuyoshi , Sakai Takayuki , Sugiura Shiro , Ohtori Seiji , Nishikawa Satoru 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The diagnosis of adolescent lumbar spondylolysis typically requires computed tomography (CT) imaging; however, concerns regarding medical radiation exposure have emerged. With recent advancements in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), it has become possible to acquire CT-like images using an MR bone imaging approach. This study aimed to investigate whether MR bone imaging can be utilised as a substitute for CT in evaluating the fracture line in patients with adolescent spondylolysis.

Methods
We included 24 patients (28 levels) diagnosed with adolescent lumbar spondylolysis between June and August 2023. In addition to the usual MRI, MR bone imaging and CT scans of the affected area were performed. Two raters evaluated the fracture lines on sagittal images and determined their presence or absence. For statistical analysis, we calculated the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MR bone imaging using CT as the reference standard. Furthermore, we assessed intra- and inter-observer agreement using Cohen’s Kappa coefficient.

Results
This study included 42 fractured pars and 14 non-fractured pars interarticularis controls. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MR bone imaging were 0.846, 1.00, and 0.893, respectively, for rater A and 0.789, 1.00, and 0.857, respectively, for rater B. The intra-observer agreement rates were 0.841 and 0.769 for raters A and B, respectively. Inter-observer agreement rates were 1.00 for CT and 0.875 for MR bone imaging.

Conclusion
Our results show that MR bone imaging can detect fracture lines in adolescent lumbar spondylosis at a level comparable to that of CT in clinical settings.
Sex comparisons on the beneficial effects of an early intervention program in a patients’ cohort with first episode psychosis: what effectiveness in women?
Authors: Pelizza Lorenzo , Ricci Camilla , Leuci Emanuela , Quattrone Emanuela , Palmisano Derna , Pupo Simona , Paulillo Giuseppina , Pellegrini Clara , Pellegrini Pietro , Menchetti Marco 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Males and females with First Episode Psychosis (FEP) usually tend to differ in psychopathology, clinical presentation and their longitudinal trajectory. This study aimed to examine the difference of effectiveness of specialized psychosocial and pharmacological treatments for FEP, focusing on various clinical and functioning outcomes across a 2-years follow-up period.

Methods
The assessment included the CAARMS, the HoNOS, the PANSS and the GAF scale and was conducted at baseline and every 12 months.

Results
490 FEP patients (age: 12–35 years) were recruited. Of them, 363 completed the follow-up (132 females and 231 males). At baseline, males showed a higher prevalence rate of schizophrenia diagnosis (56.1% VS 43.8%; p = .008), whereas females a higher prevalence rate of affective psychosis (36.2% VS 23.3%; p = .005). Male participants also showed a more consistent substance abuse (46.9% VS 24.3%; p = .0001), lower years of education (11.26 ± 2.94 VS 11.88 ± 2.68; p = .013), and more striking behavioral manifestations (4.06 ± 2.36 VS 3.39 ± 2.58; p = .003) compared to women. Our 2-year outcome parameter results showed a higher incidence of functional remission over time in females compared to males (49.2% VS 39.0%; p = .028), together with a decreasing trend in new hospitalization rates (17.8% VS 26.9%; p = .089). Independently from sex, our results also showed a statistically significant reduction in the prescription of psychotropic medications and through the increase of all psychosocial interventions, although more evident in males.

Conclusion
These results suggested that specialized interventions for FEP are overall effective in both treated subgroups. Additionally, FEP women specifically showed higher rates of improvement in functional outcome variables over time when compared to males.
Exploring transformative social innovations for a wellbeing economy: insights from citizens’ juries in Vienna and Oxford
Authors: Krisch A. , Carpenter J. , Chisholm A. , Suitner J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Wellbeing Economy has emerged as an alternative development approach that focuses on human and ecological wellbeing instead of material growth, but its implementation, particularly at the local level, remains underexplored. This paper argues that Democratic Innovations as specific forms of Transformative Social Innovations can help operationalise the Wellbeing Economy by fostering participatory, place-based interventions. Transformative Social Innovations can challenge, alter, or replace dominant institutions in specific socio-material contexts. However, their transformative impact and ability to change institutional configurations is hampered if their inherent ‘paradoxes’ are not adequately addressed.
Using the cases of citizens’ juries in Vienna and Oxford, the paper examines how Democratic Innovations align normative visions, enable mechanisms of exchange, and operationalise transformative change to achieve more just governance outcomes. We highlight whether, and how, these deliberative democratic processes contribute to a Wellbeing Economy in place and how they dealt with their paradoxes and contradictions. Our findings indicate the relevance of socio-material, political-institutional, and cultural-discursive contexts for these types of innovations. We thus contribute to a more nuanced understanding of transformative impact for wellbeing in place and argue that Transformative Social Innovations can help bridge the gap between global and abstract notions of a Wellbeing Economy and local implementation if their paradoxes and contradictions are adequately considered.
Spatial organization of B lymphocytes and prognosis prediction in patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Tay Ryan Yong Kiat , Sachdeva Manavi , Ma Haoran , Kim Young-Woo , Kook Myeong-Cherl , Kim Hyunki , Cheong Jae-Ho , Hewitt Lindsay C. , Schmidt Günter , Yoshikawa Takaki , Oshima Takashi , Arai Tomio , Srivastava Supriya , Teh Ming , Ong Xuewen , Tay Su Ting , Sheng Taotao , Zhao Joseph J. , Tan Patrick , Grabsch Heike I. , Sundar Raghav 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Within the tumor microenvironment (TME), the association of B lymphocytes (B cells) with prognosis and therapy response in gastric cancer (GC) remains poorly characterized. We investigated the predictive and prognostic value of B cells, including their spatial organization within the TME, in one of the largest multi-cohort studies to date.

Methods
Using CD20 immunohistochemistry, we evaluated B cell density in resection specimens from 977 patients with resectable GC across three cohorts, including the randomized phase III Korean CLASSIC trial. The relationship between CD20 density, clinicopathological characteristics, and overall survival (OS) was analyzed. Digital spatial profiling of 1063 regions of interest from 15 patients was performed to characterize B cell distribution within different regions of interest (ROIs) using the NanoString GeoMx platform.

Results
CD20 density was significantly higher in diffuse-type GC compared to intestinal-type (p = 0.000012). Patients with CD20-low diffuse-type GC had the shortest OS in the CLASSIC trial (median OS: 49 vs 62 months, HR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2–3.0, p = 0.003) and in a Japanese cohort (median OS: 49 vs 67 months, HR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.2–4.0, p = 0.011). This survival difference was not seen in patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy (median OS: 62 vs 63 months, HR: 1.8, 95% CI: 0.88–3.5, p = 0.108). Spatial profiling revealed significant B cell enrichment within tumor ROIs compared to the stroma, particularly in diffuse-type GC.

Conclusions
Low CD20 positivity, especially in diffuse-type GC, is linked to poor prognosis and may identify patients who could benefit from chemotherapy. These findings underscore the role of B cells in GC.
Comparison of surgical approaches to the hippocampal formation with artificial intelligence
Authors: Dundar Tolga Turan , Pehlivanoğlu Meltem Kurt , Eker Ayşe Gül , Albayrak Nur Banu , Mutluer Ahmet Serdar , Yurtsever İsmail , Doğan İhsan , Duru Nevcihan , Türe Uğur 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The relatively complex functional anatomy of the mediobasal temporal region makes surgical approaches to this area challenging. Several studies describe various surgical approaches, along with their combinations and modifications, to reach lesions of this region. Some of these surgical approaches have been compared using artificial intelligence-based approaches that can be predicted, classified, and analyzed for complex data. Several surgical approaches, such as anterior transsylvian, trans-superior temporal sulcus, trans-middle temporal gyrus, subtemporal–transparahippocampal, presigmoid-retrolabyrinthine, supratentorial-infraoccipital, and paramedian supracerebellar-transtentorial, were selected for comparison. Magnetic resonance images (MRIs) were taken according to the criteria specified by the Radiology Department. With an open-source software tool, volumetric data from cranial MRIs were segmented and anatomical structures in the main regions were reconstructed. The Q-learning algorithm was used to find pathways similar to these standard surgical pathways. The Q-learning scores among the selected pathways are as follows: anterior transsylvian (Q_A) = 31.01, trans-superior temporal sulcus (Q_B) = 25.00, trans-middle temporal gyrus (Q_C) = 28.92, subtemporal-transparahippocampal (Q_D) = 23.51, presigmoid- retrolabyrinthine (Q_E) = 27.54, supratentorial-infraoccipital (Q_F) = 27.2, and paramedian supracerebellar-transtentorial (Q _G) = 21.04. The Q-value score for the supracerebellar transtentorial approach was the highest among the examined approaches and therefore optimal. A difference was also found between the total risk score of all points with pathways drawn by clinicians and the total risk scores of the pathways formed and followed by Q-learning. Artificial intelligence-based approaches may significantly contribute to the success of the surgical approaches examined. Furthermore, artificial intelligence can contribute to clinical outcomes in both preoperative surgical planning and intraoperative technical equipment-assisted neurosurgery. However, further studies with more detailed data are needed for more sensitive results.
A Microfluidic Approach for Intracellular Delivery into Red Blood Cells: A Deeper Understanding of the Role of Chemical/Rheological Properties of the Cellular Suspension
Authors: Bernardelli Clara , Piergiovanni Monica , Bianchi Elena , Carlo-Stella Carmelo , Costantino Maria Laura , Casagrande Giustina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Red Blood Cells (RBCs) are a promising drug delivery system candidate for many drugs. Using autologous cells helps to overcome biocompatibility issues, while microfluidics allows accurate control of the intracellular delivery of molecules through fluidic shear stress. With the ultimate goal of exploiting this delivery technique for clinical applications, we investigate how the chemical/rheological characteristics of the suspension and the properties of the RBCs in different animals influence the delivery mechanism. As regard the suspension of RBC, we study the effects induced by the hematocrit and by the presence of proteins such as albumin (Bovine Serum Albumin—BSA). Regarding the cellular properties of RBCs, we aim to investigate the exportability of the technique to the RBC of the most used animal models and identify the most suitable one. The presence of BSA implies a more significant variability of the intracellular delivery. However, 70 ÷ 94% of the cells have successfully encapsulated the probe molecule. Regarding the effect of hematocrit, however, the implementation of the experiment is more challenging due to the increase in viscosity and the easier sedimentation at low flow rates. Evaluation of intracellular delivery in the RBCs of various animal samples has instead led to the proposal of the mouse as the most suitable model for preclinical studies on this particular delivery approach.
A mixed-integer PDE-constrained optimization formulation for constructing electromagnetic cloaks with multiple materials
Authors: Vogt Ryan H. , Leyffer Sven , Munson Todd 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We study the design of an electromagnetic cloak from multiple materials with an additional constraint on the mass of the cloak. Our problem is an example of a topology optimization problem, and we formulate this problem as a mixed-integer partial-differential equation constrained optimization (MIPDECO) problem, where Maxwell’s equation models the propagation of the wave through the cloak and surrounding medium. We use binary variables to model the assignment of the different materials, and their relevant properties (permittivity and density). The mass constraint adds a nontrivial constraint to this problem. We propose a two-phase strategy to solve this problem. In the first phase, we solve a continuous relaxation, and then propose a new variant of the feasibility pump that exploits the structure of the PDE to obtain an initial integral solution candidate. In the second phase, we use a trust-region approach to improve this incumbent. We also consider a continuation or mesh-sequencing approach to find better solutions faster on consecutively finer meshes. We present detailed numerical results to illustrate the effectiveness of our approaches for constructing multi-material cloaks with a mass constraint.
Altered near-bed turbulence: insights and negative impacts of inland navigation on benthic habitats
Authors: Flödl P. , Pucher D. , Schörgenhuber S. , Hauer C. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems in rivers are currently exposed to a large number of stressors, causing a massive decline in abundance and biodiversity. One of these impacts is the wave action induced by inland navigation on riverbanks. The wave impact causes increased remobilization and erosion of the bed substrate and thus a recurring disturbance of the benthic habitats. The focus of this study on impacts of ship waves was on altered near-bed turbulence and its effects on a riverbank on the Danube in Austria. The natural and ship-induced wave action at a well-exposed gravel bar upstream of Vienna was recorded over the course of a year. Near-bed flow velocities were measured, which were used to calculate the turbulence and bed shear stresses. The results of this study reveal differences in the wave impact caused by the different types of ships. Here, the shape of the ship, its speed and the distance to the riverbank have a particular impact on the benthic habitats. To improve the aquatic habitat quality, speed limits and minimum distances to the river banks should be introduced based on further measurements. A possible restriction of recreational boating during ecologically sensitive seasons could also improve the quality of the habitats. The derived data also provide insights into the effects of strong winds compared to the waves caused by inland navigation. The observed wind-induced redistribution of sediments occurs sporadically, whereas the ship-induced resuspension depends on the type of ship and occurs regularly with shipping traffic on the Danube. However, seasonal effects must continue to be investigated and researched in the future. The presented data are also used to discuss the need for research into natural and anthropogenic wave impacts on river morphology and ecology.
Validation of the Chinese Version of the HOME Inventory
Authors: Leung Cynthia , Hui Anna , Chung Kelly , Wong Jolie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study aimed to validate the Chinese version of the Infant/Toddler HOME and Early Childhood HOME inventories. Participants included 131 Chinese families with children aged 3 years 4 months to 6 years, and 129 families with children under 3 years 4 months. The HOME inventory was completed by trained social workers during home visits. Parents completed measures on their parental stress, their children’s behaviour, and provided demographic information. Children’s development was assessed by individual assessment (early childhood group) or observation (infant/toddler group). HOME scores correlated negatively with child behaviour problems and parental stress, and positively with child development. Families with higher income and higher parental education levels reported higher HOME scores. Rasch analysis results indicated that the HOME inventories largely fulfilled the unidimensionality requirement though the items loaded on the lower end. The Chinese version of the HOME inventory is considered a promising tool for assessing family environment in Chinese families.
A detailed performance assessment of Al2O3-SiO2-B mono and binary nanolubricants used in vapor compression refrigeration system
Authors: Yıldız Gökhan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The world’s energy needs have become important in the last decades. However, energy consumption in developed countries is increasing every year. Around 40% of the world’s energy consumption comes from buildings. The majority of this rate is due to the energy consumed by heating, cooling, and air conditioning systems. Many detailed studies have been conducted on energy efficiency in these systems where energy consumption is so high. Small improvements in these systems would lead to large energy savings on a global scale. When heating, cooling, and air conditioning systems are examined in detail, compressors consume the largest energy consumption. Interventions that affect compressor performance will yield results that are more positive. The performances of mono and binary nanolubricants acquired from various nanoparticles (Al2O3, SiO2, and B) used in different fractions (0.5 mass% and 1 mass%) in the vapor compression refrigeration system (VCRS) were evaluated in this study. As a result, a 14.81% increase in the COP of the system was obtained in 1 mass% Al2O3-SiO2 binary nanolubricant compared to POE. The compressor’s energy consumption in the experimental system decreased by 19.53% with 1 mass% Al2O3-SiO2 binary nanolubricant referred to POE. An improvement of 13.58% was achieved in 1 mass% Al2O3-SiO2 binary nanolubricant when the exergy efficiency of the VCRS was referred with POE. The best exergoeconomic performance was seen in 1% Al2O3-SiO2 binary nanolubricant with 13.22% increase compared to POE. The best environmental performance was acquired with 19.53% reduction in 1 mass% Al2O3-SiO2 binary nanolubricant. Consequently, the binary nanoparticle positively affects the VCRS performance in many aspects.
The Changing Interrelationship Between Scientific Knowledge and Economic Power
Authors: Bae Youngsoo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Economists and historians have been disputing the Schumpeterian view of independent inventors, observing a number of them succeed in retaining control over their own start-up and leading its growth into a mature company. The unconventional evolution is usually attributed to the changing balance of power in the equity market, where investors have been funding huge sums of money over the last few decades. This essay considers the patent system in addition to the equity market and studies institutional developments during the last five decades or so, which have affected the inventor-investor relationship. Concentrating on leading information technology companies, it also examines management practices, such as stock option plans, and probes the way inventors have made use of the financial resources provided by investors in developing innovative knowledge into marketable goods: With support from investors, inventors have often taken command in infusing scientific knowledge with economic power and thus consolidated enormous influence over employees, customers, and society in general. The essay explains that inventors, taking advantage of the patent system in addition to the changing balance of power in the equity market, have shaped a new balance of power and brought forth a strange compound that might be called intellective power.