bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional evidence supports adaptive plant chemical defense along a geographical cline
Authors: Agrawal Anurag A. , Espinosa del Alba Laura , López-Goldar Xosé , Hastings Amy P. , White Ronald A. , Halitschke Rayko , Dobler Susanne , Petschenka Georg , Duplais Christophe 
Published: June 2022

Environmental clines in organismal defensive traits are usually attributed to stronger selection by enemies at lower latitudes or near the host’s range center. Nonetheless, little functional evidence has supported this hypothesis, especially for coevolving plants and herbivores. We quantified cardenolide toxins in seeds of 24 populations of common milkweed (
Asclepias syriaca
) across 13 degrees of latitude, revealing a pattern of increasing cardenolide concentrations toward the host's range center. The unusual nitrogen-containing cardenolide labriformin was an exception and peaked at higher latitudes. Milkweed seeds are eaten by specialist lygaeid bugs that are even more tolerant of cardenolides than the monarch butterfly, concentrating most cardenolides (but not labriformin) from seeds into their bodies. Accordingly, whether cardenolides defend seeds against these specialist bugs is unclear. We demonstrate that
Oncopeltus fasciatus
(Lygaeidae) metabolized two major compounds (glycosylated aspecioside and labriformin) into distinct products that were sequestered without impairing growth. We next tested several isolated cardenolides in vitro on the physiological target of cardenolides (Na
+
/K
+
-ATPase); there was little variation among compounds in inhibition of an unadapted Na
+
/K
+
-ATPase, but tremendous variation in impacts on that of monarchs and
Oncopeltu
s. Labriformin was the most inhibitive compound tested for both insects, but
Oncopeltus
had the greater advantage over monarchs in tolerating labriformin compared to other compounds. Three metabolized (and stored) cardenolides were less toxic than their parent compounds found in seeds. Our results suggest that a potent plant defense is evolving by natural selection along a geographical cline and targets specialist herbivores, but is met by insect tolerance, detoxification, and sequestration.
Uralic typology in the light of a new comprehensive dataset
Authors: Norvik Miina , Jing Yingqi , Dunn Michael , Forkel Robert , Honkola Terhi , Klumpp Gerson , Kowalik Richard , Metslang Helle , Pajusalu Karl , Piha Minerva , Saar Eva , Saarinen Sirkka , Vesakoski Outi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper presents theUralic Areal Typology Online(UraTyp 1.0), a typological dataset of 35 Uralic languages and a total of 360 features, mainly covering the levels of morphology, syntax, and phonology. The features belong to two different datasets: 195 features’ definitions originate from the Grambank (GB) database, developed for comparison of world language typology, whereas 165 features (UT) have been designed specifically to describe the typological variation within the Uralic language family. We present a series of analyses of the dataset demonstrating its scope and possibilities. The complete data set correctly identifies the main Uralic subgroups in a Principal Components Analysis, whereas GB data alone is insufficiently granular to detect this family-internal structure. Similar analyses limited to various typological subdomains also give variable results. A model-based admixture analysis identifies four distinct areas of historical interaction: Saami, Finnic, the Volga area and Ob-Ugric.
Plasma-treatment of polymeric carbon nitride for efficient NO abatement under visible light
Authors: Zeng Qimiao , Ni Jiupai , Mariotti Davide , Lu Lanying , Chen Hong , Ni Chengsheng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Photocatalysis is considered to be efficient in combatting emission nitrogen oxide (NO
x
), which is one of the atmospheric pollutants affecting human health. Polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) is a low-cost polymeric photocatalyst with a two-dimensional structure that is sensitive to the visible sunlight in the solar spectrum, but its photocatalytic efficiency needs to be enhanced for the purpose of pollutant abatement. In this study, PCN was treated using a facile ambient pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma in air, Ar and Ar-5% H2 flow. According to the spectroscopic characterization and NO removal tests, the DBD plasma did not destroy the crystal structure of PCN, but improved the separation efficiency of photogenerated charges and enhanced the capacity of NO abatement. The plasma treatment in Ar-5% H2 showed an optimal removal efficiency of 69.19% and a selectivity for nitrate of 90.51% under visible light irradiation. The hydrogen plasma etched the PCN surface, resulting in more defects (carbon vacancies) and carbonyl group on the surface, while the air plasma was found to increase the suspending –NO
x
bonding on the surface for the increased NO
x
emission under illumination. The generation of high-energy electron and reactive radicals in the electrical discharges could cause the surface modification of PCN for efficient photocatalysis.
Compensation of fiber optic gyroscope vibration error based on VMD and FPA-WT
Authors: Zhao Shuai , Zhou Yilan , Shu Xiaowu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
With the advantages of all-solid-state, high-precision, and small size, the fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) is widely used in aerospace, unmanned driving, and robotics. However, the optoelectronic devices inside the FOG will produce non-negligible errors under the action of stress, resulting in zero-bias drift and increased noise, thereby limiting the application of the FOG in vibration and shock environments. In order to solve this problem, our paper proposes a new algorithm based on the variational mode decomposition (VMD) and flower pollination algorithm-wavelet transformation (FPA-WT). We combine the advantages of VMD and WT, use VMD to decompose non-stationary vibration signals to separate the effective signal component and zero-bias drift, and then use WT to denoise each component. Since the denoising effect of WT largely depends on the selection of initial parameters, we use the FPA to find the best parameters for WT. In order to better analyze the influence of vibration on FOG, we carry out the axial vibration and radial vibration experiments at the same time. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of our method, which can reduce the vibration error and improve the performance of the FOG in vibration and shock environments.
DC and RF performance of lateral AlGaN/GaN FinFET with ultrathin gate dielectric
Authors: Yılmaz Doğan , Odabaşı Oğuz , Salkım Gurur , Urfali Emirhan , Akoğlu Büşra Çankaya , Özbay Ekmel , Altındal Şemsettin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this study, an enhancement-mode (E-mode) GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) with lateral tri-gate structure field effect transistor (FinFET) is proposed. To passivate the fin width, while keeping the normally-off performance of the FinFET intact, an ultrathin aluminium-oxide/sapphire (Al2O3) gate dielectric is proposed (in a basic single-finger 0.125 mm device). Later, the DC and radio frequency (RF) performances of the proposed FinFET designs (with optimized fin width and Al2O3 thickness) are compared with that of conventional planar HEMT. DC and RF measurements are performed using power transistors in ten-fingers configuration, with a total gate periphery of 2.5 mm. The effect of Fin structure and Al2O3 thickness on the electrical performance of HEMTs, including threshold voltage (V
th) shift, transconductance (g
m) linearity, small-signal gain, cut off frequency (f
t), output power (P
out), and power-added efficiency (PAE) are investigated. Based on our findings, FinFET configuration imposes normally-off functionality with a

V

th

=

0

.2

V, while the planar architecture has a

V

th

=
−

3

.7

V. Originating from passivation property of the alumina layer, the FinFET design exhibits two orders of magnitude smaller drain and gate leakage currents compared to the planar case. Moreover, large signal RF measurements reveals an improved P
out density by over 50% compared to planar device, attributed to reduced thermal resistance in FinFETs stemming from additional lateral heat spreading of sidewall gates. Owing to its superior DC and RF performance, the proposed FinFET design with ultrathin gate dielectric could bear the potential of reliable operating for microwave power applications, by further scaling of the gate length.
Cellular Automata Machine Modeling to obtain optimal conditions and productivity of microalgae biomass
Authors: Arkeman Yandra , Haris Lukman , Saefurahman Ganjar , Hermadi Irman , Wibawa Dhani S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Microalgae is a promising source of superior biomass for sustainable food sources, high value products, and 3rd generation biofuel. The main factors affecting growth, carbon fixation and biomass production of microalgae are species type, CO2 supply, nutrients, light, temperature, pH and mixing. This paper discusses the precision farming approach in microalgae biomass production using the Cellular Automata Machine modeling, i.e., Probabilistic Cellular Automata. Cellular Automata is a decentralized computing model that provides a useful platform to model the complex dynamic systems such as growth of cells. The application of this method on a large-scale microalgae production system can simulate and model the characteristics of microalgae growth and biomass. In conclusion, the Biological Lattice Gas Cellular Automaton (BIO-LGCA) has been proposed as modeling tools to obtain the optimal conditions and maximum productivity in microalgae biomass production.
Research on Selection of Different Speed Units for Super High Water Head and Large Capicity Pumped Storage Power Station
Authors: Xin Zhang , Haijun Li , Jianchu Shen , Jie Zhou 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Changlongshan pumped storage power station is the one with the highest water head and the highest unit speed among the single-stage large capacity pumped storage power stations under construction in the world. There are two different speed units in the powerhouse, the speed is 500rpm and 600rpm. Usually the higher the head and the speed, the more difficult it is to design and manufacture the unit. For such high head and high speed units, there are not many internationally and domestic cases. This paper introduces the selection process of these two different speed units, and analyzes the characteristics of different speed units. By comparing the model test results of two kinds of speed pump turbine models, the hydraulic performances of energy, cavitation, overspeeding and pressure pulsation of different speed units are analyzed, which provides a reference for unit selection of similar parameter power stations.
Quo vadis geriatric rehabilitation?
Authors: Becker Clemens , Achterberg Wilco 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The sustainability of healthcare of older people in Europe is at stake. Many experts currently focus on the COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences. But there are other elements coming up that might even have a greater impact. Healthcare systems, geriatric care and geriatric rehabilitation in particular, will face disruptive changes due to both demographic demand and a shortage of human and financial resources. This decade will be transformed by a high proportion of the older health workforce transitioning to retirement. This expertise must be retained. The brain drain of health care workers migrating from Eastern parts to Western Europe is diminishing. Discussing and deciding upon the priorities of value-based health care for older people such as equity and access is required. The acute healthcare sector in most countries focuses on fee-for-service models instead of building systemic approaches to maximise independence and autonomy of older citizens. In this commentary, we build on recent book chapters and articles on geriatric rehabililtation. Our main questions for the anniversary edition of Age and Ageing is what it is that geriatric rehabilitation could, should and must contribute in the roaring 2020s?
Disease spreading modeling and analysis: a survey
Authors: Hiram Guzzi Pietro , Petrizzelli Francesco , Mazza Tommaso 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Motivation
The control of the diffusion of diseases is a critical subject of a broad research area, which involves both clinical and political aspects. It makes wide use of computational tools, such as ordinary differential equations, stochastic simulation frameworks and graph theory, and interaction data, from molecular to social granularity levels, to model the ways diseases arise and spread. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a perfect testbench example to show how these models may help avoid severe lockdown by suggesting, for instance, the best strategies of vaccine prioritization.

Results
Here, we focus on and discuss some graph-based epidemiological models and show how their use may significantly improve the disease spreading control. We offer some examples related to the recent COVID-19 pandemic and discuss how to generalize them to other diseases.
Multiphysical graph neural network (MP-GNN) for COVID-19 drug design
Authors: Li Xiao-Shuang , Liu Xiang , Lu Le , Hua Xian-Sheng , Chi Ying , Xia Kelin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Graph neural networks (GNNs) are the most promising deep learning models that can revolutionize non-Euclidean data analysis. However, their full potential is severely curtailed by poorly represented molecular graphs and features. Here, we propose a multiphysical graph neural network (MP-GNN) model based on the developed multiphysical molecular graph representation and featurization. All kinds of molecular interactions, between different atom types and at different scales, are systematically represented by a series of scale-specific and element-specific graphs with distance-related node features. From these graphs, graph convolution network (GCN) models are constructed with specially designed weight-sharing architectures. Base learners are constructed from GCN models from different elements at different scales, and further consolidated together using both one-scale and multi-scale ensemble learning schemes. Our MP-GNN has two distinct properties. First, our MP-GNN incorporates multiscale interactions using more than one molecular graph. Atomic interactions from various different scales are not modeled by one specific graph (as in traditional GNNs), instead they are represented by a series of graphs at different scales. Second, it is free from the complicated feature generation process as in conventional GNN methods. In our MP-GNN, various atom interactions are embedded into element-specific graph representations with only distance-related node features. A unique GNN architecture is designed to incorporate all the information into a consolidated model. Our MP-GNN has been extensively validated on the widely used benchmark test datasets from PDBbind, including PDBbind-v2007, PDBbind-v2013 and PDBbind-v2016. Our model can outperform all existing models as far as we know. Further, our MP-GNN is used in coronavirus disease 2019 drug design. Based on a dataset with 185 complexes of inhibitors for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2), we evaluate their binding affinities using our MP-GNN. It has been found that our MP-GNN is of high accuracy. This demonstrates the great potential of our MP-GNN for the screening of potential drugs for SARS-CoV-2. Availability: The Multiphysical graph neural network (MP-GNN) model can be found in https://github.com/Alibaba-DAMO-DrugAI/MGNN. Additional data or code will be available upon reasonable request.
Construction and Validation of Early Software Size Estimation Models Based on ADAF-Adjusted ACD Metrics
Authors: Daud Marriam , Afzal Malik Ali 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSoftware size estimation is a vital activity of software project planning and management. Early software size estimation is a challenging task due to the limited information available during the early phases of software development. The goal of this paper is to construct and validate early software size estimation models based on four analysis-to-design adjustment factor (ADAF)-adjusted analysis class diagram metrics (i.e. ADAF-adjusted number of classes, ADAF-adjusted number of attributes, ADAF-adjusted number of methods and ADAF-adjusted number of relationships) using stepwise multiple linear regression and leave-one-out cross-validation. Furthermore, the prediction accuracy of the best-performing proposed model is also compared with the model based on objective class points. The results of this comparison reveal that our proposed method reduces errors significantly (i.e. on average, 16% reduction in mean absolute residual and 24% reduction in mean squared error).
Risk of infective endocarditis associated with invasive dental procedures in patients with cardiac rhythm devices
Authors: Kim Ju Youn , Park Seung-Jung , Lee Sang Hwa , Seo Gi Hyeon , Jang Sung-Won 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Aims
The incidence of infective endocarditis related to cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) has gradually increased. The risk associated with dental procedures in patients with CIED implantation and the need for prevention of infective endocarditis remain unclear. The present study investigated the incidence and risk of infective endocarditis associated with invasive dental procedures in patients with CIEDs.

Methods and results
We analysed a nationwide population-based cohort of patients with CIEDs who underwent dental procedures. We performed a self-controlled case series analysis and evaluated the incidence rate ratio of infective endocarditis 3 months after dental procedures. Of a total of 62 019 patients who underwent CIED implantation, 32 536 patients underwent at least one dental procedure during follow-up, and the mean number of dental procedures was 3.4 per patient. They were 152 infections with an incidence of 445 per 100 000 person-years in the dental procedure period and 500 events at an incidence of 255 per 100 000 person-years in the non-dental procedure period. The CIED-related infective endocarditis in the dental procedure period occurred significantly more frequently than during non-dental procedure periods (odds ratio, 1.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.48–2.05; P &lt; 0.001). The mean time interval from dental procedure to infective endocarditis was 59.6 ± 47.3 days.

Conclusion
Invasive dental procedures are associated with an increased risk of infective endocarditis in those who underwent CIED implantation. Appropriate preventive therapy might be needed in these patients.
Between Grassroots Pressure and Local Polycracy: Street Renaming in Nazi Berlin
Authors: McSpadden James 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The names of Berlin’s streets have attracted scrutiny throughout the twentieth century. When regimes collapsed and their pantheons of heroes fell into disrepute, some city streets named after individuals had to be changed: streets honouring republican luminaries no longer seemed appropriate during the Third Reich; militaristic street names seemed out of touch in Communist East Berlin; and reunited Berlin seemed the wrong place to honour the architects of the German Democratic Republic. Cultural geographers have spearheaded much of the research on renaming in twentieth-century Berlin, but their work has focused on the postwar era, when name changes were decreed by high-ranking politicians and bureaucrats. This article examines the byzantine process of street renaming in Nazi Berlin. Rather than realizing any grand plan of approved street names, Nazi-era renamings were shaped by bureaucratic polycracy, jockeying centres of power and ad hoc name changes. Case studies—including the renamings as Ludendorffstraße and Limastraße as well as thwarted renamings as Paula-Christopher-Ufer and Paul-Lincke-Straße—demonstrate the chaotic and unplanned nature of Nazi-era renamings. Ultimately, grassroots activism and individual requests from below determined the Nazi-era history of street renaming far more than any vetted and approved plan from above. This was not a well-orchestrated ‘street-sign revolution’, as happened during the postwar era.
Cost-effectiveness of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Siedner Mark J , Alba Christopher , Fitzmaurice Kieran P , Gilbert Rebecca F , Scott Justine A , Shebl Fatma M , Ciaranello Andrea , Reddy Krishna P , Freedberg Kenneth A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Despite the advent of safe and effective coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines, pervasive inequities in global vaccination persist.

Methods
We projected health benefits and donor costs of delivering vaccines for up to 60% of the population in 91 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We modeled a highly contagious (Re at model start, 1.7), low-virulence (infection fatality ratio [IFR], 0.32%) “Omicron-like” variant and a similarly contagious “severe” variant (IFR, 0.59%) over 360 days, accounting for country-specific age structure and healthcare capacity. Costs included vaccination startup (US$630 million) and per-person procurement and delivery (US$12.46/person vaccinated).

Results
In the Omicron-like scenario, increasing current vaccination coverage to achieve at least 15% in each of the 91 LMICs would prevent 11 million new infections and 120 000 deaths, at a cost of US$0.95 billion, for an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of US$670/year of life saved (YLS). Increases in vaccination coverage to 60% would additionally prevent up to 68 million infections and 160 000 deaths, with ICERs &lt;US$8000/YLS. ICERs were &lt;US$4000/YLS under the more severe variant scenario and generally robust to assumptions about vaccine effectiveness, uptake, and costs.

Conclusions
Funding expanded COVID-19 vaccine delivery in LMICs would save hundreds of thousands of lives, be similarly or more cost-effective than other donor-funded global aid programs, and improve health equity.
A Reference Genome Assembly of the Bobcat, Lynx rufus
Authors: Lin Meixi , Escalona Merly , Sahasrabudhe Ruta , Nguyen Oanh , Beraut Eric , Buchalski Michael R , Wayne Robert K 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The bobcat (Lynx rufus) is a medium-sized carnivore well adapted to various environments and an indicator species for landscape connectivity. It is one of the 4 species within the extant Lynx genus in the family Felidae. Because of its broad geographic distribution and central role in food webs, the bobcat is important for conservation. Here we present a high-quality de novo genome assembly of a male bobcat located in Mendocino County, CA, as part of the California Conservation Genomics Project (CCGP). The assembly was generated using the standard CCGP pipeline from a combination of Omni-C and HiFi technologies. The primary assembly comprises 76 scaffolds spanning 2.4 Gb, represented by a scaffold N50 of 142 Mb, a contig N50 of 66.2 Mb, and a BUSCO completeness score of 95.90%. The bobcat genome will be an important resource for the effective management and conservation of this species and comparative genomics exploration.