bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How, and For Whom, Does Higher Education Increase Voting?
Authors: Ahearn Caitlin E. , Brand Jennie E. , Zhou Xiang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe college-educated are more likely to vote than are those with less education. Prior research suggests that the effect of college attendance on voting operates directly, by increasing an individual’s interest and engagement in politics through social networks or human capital accumulation. College may also increase voting indirectly by leading to degree attainment and increasing socioeconomic status, thus facilitating political participation. However, few studies have empirically tested these direct and indirect pathways or examined how these effects vary across individuals. To bridge this gap, we employ a nonparametric causal mediation analysis to examine the total, direct, and indirect effects of college attendance on voting and how these effects differ across individuals with different propensities of attending college. Using data from the 1979 and 1997 cohorts of National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth, we find large direct effects of college on self-reported voting and comparably smaller indirect effects that operate through degree completion and socioeconomic attainment. We find the largest impact of college on voting for individuals unlikely to attend, a pattern due primarily to heterogeneity in the direct effect of college. Our findings suggest that civic returns to college are not contingent upon degree completion or socioeconomic returns. An exclusive focus on the economic returns to college can mask the broader societal benefits of expanding higher education to disadvantaged youth.
Privacy-enhancing data aggregation and data analytics in wireless networks for a large class of distributed queries
Authors: Yang Xuechao , Kelarev Andrei , Yi Xun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPrivacy-enhancing techniques and protocols for data aggregation and analytics in wireless networks require the development of novel methods for efficient and privacy-preserving computation of distributed queries with the protection of outcomes from active attackers. Previous approaches to secure privacy-preserving computation of distributed queries incur significant communication overhead and cannot be applied to big data. This paper proposes two solutions to the problem of efficient and privacy-preserving computation of distributed queries with the protection of outcomes from active outsider attackers for a new large class of distributed statistical or numerical queries. This class contains many useful statistics and is larger than other classes considered in the literature previously. We propose two protocols for the Protection of data from Active Attackers (PAA) in the case of distributed privacy-preserving computation: PAA applying Shamir’s Secret Sharing (PAA-SSS) and PAA applying homomorphic encryption (PAA-HE). The PAA-HE protocol combines the use of ElGamal and Paillier encryption schemes in one system. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that both protocols outperform alternative approaches. PAA-HE provides stronger protection and is more efficient than PAA-SSS.
Planar Reconfigurable Plasma Leaky-Wave Antenna with Electronic Beam-Scanning for MIMO Applications
Authors: Malhat Hend A. , Elhenawy Abdelkarim S. , Zainud-Deen Saber H. , Al-Shalaby Noha A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA planar leaky-wave antenna (LWA) based on the reconfigurable conductivity of the plasma is designed for MIMO applications with electronic beam scanning capability. 112-semi-elliptical ionized plasma gratings are encased by plexiglass grating filled with a noble gas. These gratings are printed on a metal-backed dielectric substrate with total dimensions of $$ L\times {W}_{s}\times h=241\times 262.5\times 2.67\, {\mathrm{mm}}^{3}$$

L
×

W
s

×
h
=
241
×
262.5
×
2.67

mm

3

. A coplanar fed printed Yagi-Uda like dipole antenna is integrated with the LWA to launch the required excitation waves. The radiated beam direction, gain, and the side lobe level are adjusted by controlling the periodicity of ionized/non-ionized plasma gratings. The antenna is compact in construction and has a high gain. A fan-shaped beam is obtained from the LWA semi-elliptical arrays with different aspect ratios. The effect of ON/OFF plasma periodicity configurations on the radiation characteristics at fixed frequency is investigated. At 10.1 GHz, the beam is electronically scanned from − 28 to 34° using different periodicities with high gain of 20 dBi and radiation efficiency of 74%. The mutual coupling between two LWA elements is investigated and is reduced to − 35 dB. Four LWA elements are arranged in MIMO structure for a high data rate application. The envelope correlation coefficient of 0.0002 and diversity gain of 9.9998 dB are achieved.
Three-Dimensional Affine Spatial Logics
Authors: Trybus Adam 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe focus on a branch of region-based spatial logics dealing with affine geometry. The research on this topic is scarce: only a handful of papers investigate such systems, mostly in the case of the real plane. Our long-term goal is to analyse certain family of affine logics with inclusion and convexity as primitives interpreted over real spaces of increasing dimensionality. In this article we show that logics of different dimensionalities must have different theories, thus justifying further work on different dimensions. We then focus on the three-dimensional case, exploring the expressiveness of this logic and consequently showing that it is possible to construct formulas describing a three-dimensional coordinate frame. The final result, making use of the high expressive power of this logic, is that every region satisfies an affine complete formula, meaning that all regions satisfying it are affine equivalent.
Construction and Evaluation of Nomogram for Hematological Indicators to Predict Pathological Response after Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Authors: Wang Keli , Li Meijiao , Yan Jin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective
A retrospective study was conducted by developing prediction models to evaluate the association between hematological indexes, their changes during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT), and tumor pathological response in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.

Methods
The clinical data of 202 patients who received NCRT and radical surgery in Sichuan Cancer Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate and logistic multivariate regression analyses were used to identify hematological indexes with predictive significance. The independent risk factors were imported into the R software, and a nomogram prediction model was developed. The bootstrap method and ROC curve were used to evaluate the discriminative degree of the model.

Results
Univariate analysis demonstrated age, tumor diameter, preoperative T, distance from tumor to the anal verge, CEA before NCRT, preoperative CEA, lymphocyte changes, platelet changes, and pathology of rectal cancer after NCRT were associated. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that age, tumor distance from the anus, preoperative CEA, lymphocyte changes, and platelet changes were independent risk factors. The independent risk factors were imported into the R software to construct a nomogram model. The area under the ROC was 0.76, and the slope of the calibration curve of the nomogram was close to 1.

Conclusion
A low preoperative CEA level, a young age, a high tumor from the anal verge, the maintenance of circulating lymphocyte level, and a decreased platelet level after NCRT are important factors for favorable outcomes after NCRT. Developing a nomogram prediction model with good discrimination and consistency can provide some guidance for predicting pathological responses after NCRT.
The involvement of the posterior parietal cortex in promotion and prevention focus
Authors: Han Hyun Jung , Lee Sangil , Jung Wi Hoon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMotivation plays a critical role in human cognitive function, while acting as a driving force for the necessary behavior to achieve a desired goal and success (i.e., achievement motivation). Based on the theoretical background of achievement motivation, this study designed an incentive delay task with four motivational orientations (i.e., promotion, prevention, mastery/self, and performance/other). To investigate whether people would have their behavioral patterns toward achievement motivation orientation, we applied an unsupervised clustering algorithm to classify individuals’ behavioral responses acquired from the task by categorizing certain behavioral similarities. As a result, this hierarchical clustering approach classified subjects into two distinctive subgroups: Group#1 (i.e., the pro/pre group, n = 52) and Group#2 (i.e., the self/other group, n = 48). Based on clustering, Group#1 showed significantly better performance with promotion/prevention orientations, whereas Group#2 exhibited significantly higher performance with self/other orientations. Structural brain analyses discovered increased gray matter volume and sulcal depth in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) in the pro/pre group compared to the self/other group. With resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data, we found higher local brain fluctuations in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in the self/other group compared to the pro/pre group. Furthermore, mPFC seed-based functional connectivity showed significantly increased functional coupling with the posterior cingulate cortex in the self/other group relative to the pro/pre group. Taken together, these results shed light on structural and functional neural mechanisms related to achievement motivation and, furthermore, provide novel insights regarding PPC’s role in motivational processing toward promotion- and prevention-focused orientation.
Power Series Solutions of Non-linear q-Difference Equations and the Newton–Puiseux Polygon
Authors: Cano J. , Fortuny Ayuso P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAdapting the Newton–Puiseux Polygon process to nonlinear q-difference equations of any order and degree, we compute their power series solutions, study the properties of the set of exponents of the solutions and give a bound for their q-Gevrey order in terms of the order of the original equation.
Aspecten van prostaatkanker vanuit een seksuologisch perspectief
Authors: Gianotten Woet L. 
Published: September 2022

SamenvattingUrologie en seksuologie hebben verschillende rollen bij de aanpak van prostaatkanker. De uroloog probeert het kankerproces te stoppen of traineren, terwijl de seksuoloog intussen focust op wat gebeurt met seksualiteit en intimiteit. Dit artikel kijkt naar de opeenvolgende stappen in het kankerproces met als belangrijke boodschappen: ‘Hou aandacht voor seksualiteit!’ en ‘Hou rekening met de grote diversiteit!’. Omdat seks voor sommige mannen en relaties heel belangrijk is en voor andere helemaal niet, is een goede, uitgebreide seksuele anamnese noodzakelijk. Hoe zien hun seksuele gedrag, relatie en verwachtingen er uit? Die informatie vormt hun ‘lovemap’, belangrijke elementen bij de keuze voor een bepaalde behandelstrategie. Vooral bij MSM lijkt koppeling van lovemap aan shared decision making een waardevolle aanvulling. Daarnaast krijgen ook seksuele prevalidatie (Better in, better out!), seksuele revalidatie en seksuele relatie aandacht. Waar de uro-oncologie focust op ‘adding years to life’, focust de seksuologie op ‘adding sexual life to years’.
The Effect of Thermally Heated Carbon Nanoparticles of Oil Fly Ash on Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Under Salt Stress
Authors: Alluqmani Saleh M. , Alabdallah Nadiyah M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSalinity is an abiotic factor that severely limits agricultural yield around the world. Tomatoes are important crops among others due to their high nutritional value; however, when the crop is exposed to abiotic stresses such as salinity, tomato production could be negatively affected. The goal of this study was to measure the morphological and physiological responses of tomato seedlings grown under salt stress when carbon nanoparticle of oil fly ash (COFA) under heat treatment in the concentration (5 mg L−1) was applied to the leaves. In this study, three carbon nanoparticles (COFA, COFAH-J, COFAH-R) were applied to tomato seedlings under three different salt (NaCl) treatments: 0 mM, 20 mM, and 40 mM. For each treatment, three biological replicates were conducted, with each replicate containing at least three plants. Our findings demonstrated that salt-stressed tomato plants had considerably lower length of shoot and root, biomass, and photosynthetic pigments over control plants. Furthermore, salinity greatly enhanced the proline concentration, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities. However, the application of thermally treated carbon nanoparticles resulted in increases in the quantities of photosynthetic pigments and plant growth conditions. However, the tomato seedlings treated with COFA, COFAH-J, and COFAH-R increased SOD activity by 65%, 53%, and 45%; CAT activity by 67%, 63%, and 65%; and APX activity by 51%, 52%, and 41%, respectively, when seedlings were exposed to 40 mM. Overall, our data suggest that heated carbon nanoparticles of oil fly ash may improve tomato plants’ salt tolerance by enhancing their antioxidant defense systems. The beneficial impacts of thermally treated carbon nanoparticles in tomato plants offer up new avenues for their potential innovations in novel agricultural methods, particularly while plants are grown to saline conditions.
Decreased sensitivity to antidepressant drugs in Wistar Hannover rats submitted to two animal models of depression
Authors: Silveira Kennia M. , Sartim Ariandra G. , Vieira Letícia , Lisboa Sabrina F. , Wegener Gregers , Joca Sâmia R. L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Wistar Hannover rat (WHR) is a strain commonly used for toxicity studies but rarely used in studies investigating depression neurobiology. In this study, we aimed to characterise the behavioural responses of WHR to acute and repeated antidepressant treatments upon exposure to the forced swim test (FST) or learned helplessness (LH) test. WHR were subjected to forced swimming pre-test and test with antidepressant administration (imipramine, fluoxetine, or escitalopram) at 0, 5 h and 23 h after pre-test. WHR displayed high immobility in the test compared to unstressed controls (no pre-swim) and failed to respond to the antidepressants tested. The effect of acute and repeated treatment (imipramine, fluoxetine, escitalopram or s-ketamine) was then tested in animals not previously exposed to pre-test. Only imipramine (20 mg/kg, 7 days) and s-ketamine (acute) reduced the immobility time in the test. To further investigate the possibility that the WHR were less responsive to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, the effect of repeated treatment with fluoxetine (20 mg/kg, 7 days) was investigated in the LH model. The results demonstrated that fluoxetine failed to reduce the number of escape failures in two different protocols. These data suggest that the WHR do not respond to the conventional antidepressant treatment in the FST or the LH. Only s-ketamine and repeated imipramine were effective in WHR in a modified FST protocol. Altogether, these results indicate that WHR may be an interesting tool to investigate the mechanisms associated with the resistance to antidepressant drugs and identify more effective treatments.
Diversity of European lissorchiid trematodes from fish and snail hosts with comments on the validity of the genusParasymphylodoraSzidat, 1943
Authors: Petkevičiūtė R. , Stunžėnas V. , Stanevičiūtė G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGenetic markers, DNA sequences and karyotypes, of some European lissorchiid species from their intermediate and final hosts were obtained to clarify controversial data about their life cycles and taxonomy, and to reveal phylogenetic affinities. The life cycles of three species have been confirmed for the first time based on molecular data. Comparative analysis of internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and partial 28S rDNA sequences has undoubtedly proven that cercariaeum of type-species of the genusAsymphylodora,Asymphylodora tincae, develops in pulmonate snails,Anisus vortexandStagnicola palustris, but not in the genusBithynia. The faucet snail,Bithynia tentaculata, serves as the first intermediate host forParasymphylodora(=Asymphylodora)markewitschiandParasymphylodora parasquamosa; adults of both species were isolated from the common rudd,Scardinius erythrophthalmus. It has also been confirmed thatB. tentaculataserves as the second intermediate host forP. parasquamosa. Phylogenetic analysis supports the validity of the genusParasymphylodora. Two species,Parasymphylodora markewitschiandP. parasquamosa, with cercariaeum belonging to theParasquamosumgroup, are closely related and are being recovered as a well-defined evolutionary lineage in phylogenetic trees. A significant divergence betweenParasymphylodoraspp. andAsymphylodoraspp. was revealed. The diploid chromosome set ofP. markewitschiis composed of 14 chromosomes and does not show similarities with karyotypes of other lissorchiid species.Asymphylodora progeneticaandAsymphylodora tincaeshare the basal diploid value of the family, 2n = 20, and reveal very close morphology of the corresponding chromosome pairs. Karyotypic similarities of these species are in accordance with molecular phylogenetic data. Thus, the available molecular and cytogenetic data support the assignment ofP. markewitschiandP. parasquamosato a separate genus, meanwhile, the assignment ofA. progeneticato the genusParasymphylodorawas not justified.
Timing of surgical repair and resource utilisation in infants with complete atrioventricular septal defect
Authors: Karolcik Brock A. , Rao Sri O. , Lucas Jon F. , Chowdhury Shahryar M. , Graham Eric M. , Zyblewski Sinai C. , Bradley Scott M. , Costello John M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroduction:Variation exists in the timing of surgery for balanced complete atrioventricular septal defect repair. We sought to explore associations between timing of repair and resource utilisation and clinical outcomes in the first year of life.Methods:In this retrospective single-centre cohort study, we included patients who underwent complete atrioventricular septal defect repair between 2005 and 2019. Patients with left or right ventricular outflow tract obstruction and major non-cardiac comorbidities (except trisomy 21) were excluded. The primary outcome was days alive and out of the hospital in the first year of life.Results:Included were 79 infants, divided into tertiles based on age at surgery (1st = 46 to 137 days, 2nd = 140 – 176 days, 3rd = 178 – 316 days). There were no significant differences among age tertiles for days alive and out of the hospital in the first year of life by univariable analysis (tertile 1, median 351 days; tertile 2, 348 days; tertile 3, 354 days; p = 0.22). No patients died. Fewer post-operative ICU days were used in the oldest tertile relative to the youngest, but days of mechanical ventilation and hospitalisation were similar. Clinical outcomes after repair and resource utilisation in the first year of life were similar for unplanned cardiac reinterventions, outpatient cardiology clinic visits, and weight-for-age z-score at 1 year.Conclusions:Age at complete atrioventricular septal defect repair is not associated with important differences in clinical outcomes or resource utilisation in the first year of life.
Constraining the Upper Level Vibrational Populations of the N2 Lyman‐Birge‐Hopfield Band System Using GOLD Mission's Dayglow Observations
Authors: Aryal Saurav , Evans J. Scott , Ajello J. M. , Solomon S. C. , Burns A. W. , Eastes R. W. , McClintock W. E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCurrent and previous thermospheric remote sensing missions use N2 Lyman‐Birge‐Hopfield (LBH) band dayglow emission measurements to retrieve line‐of‐sight thermospheric composition and temperature. The precision of thermospheric composition and temperature retrieved from observations depends on the uncertainty in the relative LBH vibrational populations. In the laboratory, electron impact induced LBH emission measurements have shown that the relative vibrational populations change with gas pressure. However, it is not fully understood how these populations change for dayglow observations where the emissions that contribute to the observations vary with solar illumination and line‐of‐sight geometry. We quantify the relative vibrational populations as a function of solar zenith angle (SZA) and tangent altitude using Global‐scale Observations of Limb and Disk mission's LBH dayglow observations. We find that, while some lower vibrational levels show potential enhancement with increasing pressure (decreasing altitude), in general, they do not change significantly with SZA or tangent altitude for dayglow observations. The vibrational populations can thus be assumed as fixed parameters when retrieving neutral disk temperatures from remotely sensed LBH dayglow observations.
Significant Human Modification of the Lower Arkansas River Sediment Budget
Authors: Chen Hehe , Shaw John B. , Sharman Glenn R. , Marshall Jill A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAnthropogenic stressors on large rivers have significantly modified riverine sediment transport. However, the impacts of dredging and sand and gravel (S&G) mining are poorly monitored. We quantify these impacts on the lower Arkansas River, USA, where anthropogenic processes are well documented. The construction of dams caused a 98% reduction in suspended sediment discharge (Qss). Since dam construction, fluvially transported suspended sediment (4.4 ± 0.5 Mtyr−1) and suspended sand discharge (Qsand) (1.1 ± 0.1 Mtyr−1) are of the same order as the dredging rate (1.2 ± 0.1 Mtyr−1) and S&G mining rate (1.7 ± 0.1 Mtyr−1). While the modern sediment deficit on the Arkansas River is smaller than in rivers documented in developing countries, dredging and mining significantly alter the sediment balance in this large river, indicating that extraction management is needed worldwide, especially in developing economies, to improve ecosystem sustainability in large rivers.
Smaller Sensitivity of Precipitation to Surface Temperature Under Massive Atmospheres
Authors: Xiong Junyan , Yang Jun , Liu Jiachen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPrecipitation and its response to forcing is an important aspect of planetary climate system. In this study, we examine the strength of precipitation in the experiments with different atmospheric masses and their response to surface warming, using three global atmospheric general circulation models and one regional cloud‐resolving model. We find that precipitation is weaker when atmospheric mass is larger for a given surface temperature. Furthermore, the increasing rate of precipitation with increasing surface temperature under a larger atmospheric mass is smaller than that under a smaller atmospheric mass. These behaviors can be understood based on atmospheric or surface energy balance. Atmospheric mass influences Rayleigh scattering, multiple scattering in the atmosphere, pressure broadening, lapse rate, and thereby precipitation strength. These results have important implications on the climate and habitability of early Earth, early Mars, and exoplanets with oceans.