bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular‐Level Zn‐Ion Transfer Pump Specifically Functioning on (002) Facets Enables Durable Zn Anodes
Authors: Zhu Zehao , Jin Hongrun , Xie Kefeng , Dai Simin , Luo Yongxin , Qi Bei , Wang Zidong , Zhuang Xinyan , Liu Kaisi , Hu Bin , Huang Liang , Zhou Jun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe modification of metallic Zn anode contributes to solving the cycling issue of Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) by restraining the dendrite growth and side reactions. In this regard, modulating (002) Zn is an effective way to prolong the lifespan of ZIBs with a parallel arrangement of Zn deposition. Herein, the authors propose to add trace amounts of Zn(BF4)2 additive in 3 M ZnSO4 to promote in‐plane Zn deposition by forming a BF4−‐[Zn(H2O)6]2+‐[Zn(BF4)3]− transfer process and specifically functioning on (002) facets. In this way, the optimized electrolyte highly boosts the cycling stability of Zn anodes with a long lifespan at 34.2% Zn utilization (500 h/10 mA cm−2) and 51.3% Zn utilization (360 h/10 mA cm−2; 834 h/1 mA cm−2). Moreover, the electroplated Zn on Cu substrate exhibits a competitive cumulative plating capacity (CPC) of 2.87 Ah cm−2 under harsh conditions. The assembled Zn|(NH4)2V6O16·3H2O full cells with a high cathode loading of 29.12 mg cm−2 also realizes almost no capacity degradation even after 2000 cycles at 2 A g−1. With this cost‐effective strategy, it is promising to push the development of aqueous ZIBs as well as provide inspiration for metal anode optimization in other energy storage systems.
24.20%‐Efficiency MA‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by Siloxane Derivative Interface Engineering
Authors: Duan Yuwei , He Kun , Yang Lu , Xu Jie , Zhao Wenjing , Liu Zhike 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSuppressing defects at the interface between the TiO2 electron transport layer (ETL) and perovskite film is critical for high efficiency and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a siloxane derivative diethylphosphatoethylsilicic acid (PSiOH) is developed to modify the interface of TiO2 ETL/FA0.83Cs0.17PbI3 perovskite. Comprehensive characteristics reveal that silicon hydroxyl (SiOH) in PSiOH can reduce surface defects, improve the electrical properties and optimize the energy band structure of TiO2 by forming a SiOTi bond, while the phosphate bond (PO) in PSiOH can passivate Pb‐related defects on the perovskite bottom surface. Consequently, PSiOH‐modified PSCs yield a remarkable power conversation efficiency of 24.20% and improved air, thermal, or illumination stabilities. This study provides insight into passivation defects at the buried interface for efficient and stable PSCs.
High‐Resolution Surface Replication of Living Organisms using Air‐Through‐Precursor Suction‐Augmented Replica Molding
Authors: Mun Seok Joon , Jang Wookyoung , Eom Ji Yeon , Kim Hyeon Ung , Bong Ki Wan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractReplica molding is widely used to reproduce the surface microstructures that provide living organisms with distinct and useful functions. However, the existing methods are limited by the low resolution resulting from the air trapped in the structures during precursor solution loading. This study investigated replica molding with an air‐through‐precursor suction (APS) process, which used a degassed polydimethylsiloxane substrate to remove the trapped air through the precursor solution. The liquid loading times are characterized using a model template, and air suction that is up to 36 times faster can be achieved using the APS process relative to a conventional method. Using APS replica molding, biocompatible replicates from human fingerprints and gecko skin are fabricated using only a 3 min precursor solution loading step. Owing to the enhanced and reproducible resolution from APS replica molding, for the first time, the structural changes in the foot of a living gecko at the microscale can be observed when standing on a horizontal or vertical surface.
Hypoxia‐Responsive Photosensitizer Targeting Dual Organelles for Photodynamic Therapy of Tumors
Authors: Tang Yuqi , Wang Xing , Zhu Guanqun , Liu Zhiyang , Chen Xu‐Man , Bisoyi Hari Krishna , Chen Xiao , Chen Xiaofei , Xu Yiyi , Li Juping , Li Quan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDeveloping safe and precise image‐guided photodynamic therapy is a challenge. In this study, the hypoxic properties of solid tumors are exploited to construct a hypoxia‐responsive photosensitizer,TPA‐Azo. Introducing the azo group into the photosensitizerTPA‐BNwith aggregation‐induced emission quenches its fluorescence. When the nonfluorescentTPA‐Azoenters hypoxic tumors, it is reduced by the overexpressed azoreductase to generate a fluorescent photosensitizerTPA‐BNwith an amino group that exhibits fluorescence‐activatable image‐guided photodynamic therapy with dual‐organelle (lipid droplets and lysosomes) targeting. This design strategy provides a basis for the development of fluorescence‐activatable photosensitizers.
Precision 1070 nm Ultrafast Laser‐Induced Photothrombosis of Depth‐Targeted Vessels In Vivo
Authors: Zhu Liang , Wang Mengqi , Fu Peng , Liu Yin , Zhang Hequn , Roe Anna Wang , Xi Wang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe cerebrovasculature plays an essential role in neurovascular and homeostatic functions in health and disease conditions. Many efforts have been made for developing vascular thrombosis methods to study vascular dysfunction in vivo, while technical challenges remain, such as accuracy and depth‐selectivity to target a single vessel in the cerebral cortex. Herein, this paper first demonstrates the evaluation and quantification of the feasibility and effects of Rose Bengal (RB)‐induced photothrombosis with 720–1070 nm ultrafast lasers in a raster scan. A flexible and reproducible approach is then proposed to employ a 1070 nm ultrafast laser with a spiral scan for producing RB‐induced occlusion, which is described as precision ultrafast laser‐induced photothrombosis (PLP). Combine with two‐photon microscopy imaging, this PLP displays highly precise and fast occlusion induction of various vessel types, sizes, and depths, which enhances the precision and power of the photothrombosis protocol. Overall, the PLP method provides a real‐time, practical, precise, and depth‐selected single‐vessel photothrombosis technology in the cerebral cortex with commercially available optical equipment, which is crucial for exploring brain vascular function with high spatial‐temporal resolution in the brain.
Rapid increase in sensitive indicator plants concurrent with deer management in an oak forest landscape
Authors: Abella Scott R. , Schetter Timothy A. , Gallaher Timothy D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWildlife managers are implementing programs to reduce abundant populations of large herbivores, such as white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in eastern North America, with renewed research interest in understanding these programs' ecological effects. To examine plant community change following culling of white‐tailed deer in oak (Quercusspp.) forests in Ohio, USA, we measured browse severity on tree seedlings and cover of 43 deer‐sensitive, native indicator plant species across 20 years spanning pre‐ (2002–2015) and post‐ (2016–2021) deer culling periods. After culling halved deer abundance from 16.7 deer/km2to 8.6 deer/km2, browse patterns on tree seedlings reversed from most seedlings exhibiting browse damage to most being undamaged. Cover of deer‐sensitive indicator plants increased 7‐fold in the 6 years after deer culling. Five of 6 indicator plant groups (e.g., Liliaceae) and 32 of 43 indicator species (74%) increased in cover after deer culling. Rhizomatous, clonally reproducing and early flowering (May–Jun) species were generally most responsive. The rapid increase in deer‐sensitive plants after deer culling in our study is among the fastest and largest reported among eastern North American studies. The plant community resilience observed in this study could partly relate to the relatively short duration (~10 yr) that deer populations were elevated before culling began, allowing persistence of local plant regeneration potential. Deer culling enabled a moderate deer population to coexist with a rising sensitive plant population.
Smart prototype for an electronic color sensor device for visual simultaneous detection of macrofuran based on a coated paper strip
Authors: Sheta Sheta M. , Abdelelmoaty Alaa S. , Abu Hashish Hassan M. , kamel Amira M. , Abd-Elzaher Mohkles M. , El-Sheikh Said M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNowadays, in the clinical, pharmaceutical, and environmental sectors, the development of facile and sensitive analytical methods and/or innovative devices for the follow-up and detection of antibiotics and pharmaceutical formulations, in general, are urgently needed and still challenging. This work declared three vital applications for broad-spectrum nitrofurantoin (macrofuran) antibiotic detection and quantification: A colorimetric method, a coated paper strip-based nano-lanthanum complex prototype and fabrication of smart electronic color sensor device-based coated paper strips. The colorimetric method showed a significant response upon increasing the concentration of the nitrofurantoin in a range between (1.0–100.0 ng/mL) via a visual color change from orange-yellow to red colors degree with detection and quantification limits of 0.175 and 0.53 ng/mL, respectively, whereas the nano-lanthanum complex coated paper strip prototype showed qualitative on-site sensing for nitrofurantoin via naked eye color changes which can be detected anywhere. Moreover, a smart prototype for detecting macrofuran in the means of paper color change in the RGB color component extraction algorithm and the grayscale projection value processing algorithm was fabricated. The change in RGB color on the coated paper strip was detected using an electronic color sensor device. The developed colorimetric method, coated paper strip, and the electronic color sensor device prototype exhibited fast, simple, costless, and selective towards macrofuran over the competing analyzed. As well as, showed good applicability in the different real samples spiked with different concentrations of macrofuran.
Graphical abstract
On the Role of Speed in Technological and Biological Information Transfer for Computations
Authors: Végh János , Berki Ádám József 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn all kinds of implementations of computing, whether technological or biological, some material carrier for the information exists, so in real-world implementations, the propagation speed of information cannot exceed the speed of its carrier. Because of this limitation, one must also consider the transfer time between computing units for any implementation. We need a different mathematical method to consider this limitation: classic mathematics can only describe infinitely fast and small computing system implementations. The difference between mathematical handling methods leads to different descriptions of the computing features of the systems. The proposed handling also explains why biological implementations can have lifelong learning and technological ones cannot. Our conclusion about learning matches published experimental evidence, both in biological and technological computing.
Emergence of norms in interactions with complex rewards
Authors: Abeywickrama Dhaminda B. , Griffiths Nathan , Xu Zhou , Mouzakitis Alex 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAutonomous agents are becoming increasingly ubiquitous and are playing an increasing role in wide range of safety-critical systems, such as driverless cars, exploration robots and unmanned aerial vehicles. These agents operate in highly dynamic and heterogeneous environments, resulting in complex behaviour and interactions. Therefore, the need arises to model and understand more complex and nuanced agent interactions than have previously been studied. In this paper, we propose a novel agent-based modelling approach to investigating norm emergence, in which such interactions can be investigated. To this end, while there may be an ideal set of optimally compatible actions there are also combinations that have positive rewards and are also compatible. Our approach provides a step towards identifying the conditions under which globally compatible norms are likely to emerge in the context of complex rewards. Our model is illustrated using the motivating example of self-driving cars, and we present the scenario of an autonomous vehicle performing a left-turn at a T-intersection.
“It’s making me think outside the box at times”: a qualitative study of dynamic capabilities in surgical training
Authors: Shah Adarsh P. , Walker Kim A. , Walker Kenneth G. , Hawick Lorraine , Cleland Jennifer 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCraft specialties such as surgery endured widespread disruption to postgraduate education and training during the pandemic. Despite the expansive literature on rapid adaptations and innovations, generalisability of these descriptions is limited by scarce use of theory-driven methods. In this research, we explored UK surgical trainees’ (n = 46) and consultant surgeons’ (trainers, n = 25) perceptions of how learning in clinical environments changed during a time of extreme uncertainty (2020/2021). Our ultimate goal was to identify new ideas that could shape post-pandemic surgical training. We conducted semi-structured virtual interviews with participants from a range of working/training environments across thirteen Health Boards in Scotland. Initial analysis of interview transcripts was inductive. Dynamic capabilities theory (how effectively an organisation uses its resources to respond to environmental changes) and its micro-foundations (sensing, seizing, reconfiguring) were used for subsequent theory-driven analysis. Findings demonstrate that surgical training responded dynamically and adapted to external and internal environmental uncertainty. Sensing threats and opportunities in the clinical environment prompted trainers’ institutions to seize new ways of working. Learners gained from reconfigured training opportunities (e.g., splitting operative cases between trainees), pan-surgical working (e.g., broader surgical exposure), redeployment (e.g., to medical specialties), collaborative working (working with new colleagues and in new ways) and supervision (shifting to online supervision). Our data foreground the human resource and structural reconfigurations, and technological innovations that effectively maintained surgical training during the pandemic, albeit in different ways. These adaptations and innovations could provide the foundations for enhancing surgical education and training in the post-pandemic era.
Visual evoked potentials as a method for the prospective assessment of tacrolimus neurotoxicity in patients after kidney transplantation
Authors: Sirek Sebastian , Kolonko Aureliusz , Pojda-Wilczek Dorota 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Neurotoxicity, including optic nerve injury, is one of the most common adverse effects of tacrolimus, the principal calcineurin inhibitor used after kidney transplantation (KTx). The electrophysiologic measurements of both pattern visual evoked potentials (PVEP) and flash visual evoked potentials (FVEP) are valuable when drug-induced optic neuropathy is suspected.

Objectives
To determine whether VEP measurement is a sensitive and repeatable method for monitoring tacrolimus neurotoxicity.

Material and methods
This prospective study focused on 35 patients (20 M, 15F, 69 eyes, mean age 43 ± 11 years) who were at a median of 3.0 (IQR, 2.2–3.7) months after KTx at the time of the initial VEP evaluation and were treated with tacrolimus since KTx. The follow-up VEP examination was done after a median of 24 (22–27) months (both VEP measurements followed the ISCEV standards). The P100 wave latency and amplitude for the 1° and 15’ PVEP simulations, and the P2 wave latency and amplitude for the FVEP were analyzed.

Results
For the 1° checks, the P100 wave latency and amplitude values were significantly worse in the follow-up examination compared to the early post-transplant time-point. Independent associations between FVEP parameters and the tacrolimus blood trough level were observed in the follow-up examination but not at the early post-transplant period. The P2 wave latency correlated with the tacrolimus trough level only in patients treated with the twice-daily, but not the once-daily, tacrolimus formulation. The brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level correlated with the P100 (15’) latency (R = 0.499; p = 0.005) and the P2 latency (R = 0.409; p = 0.025) only in patients treated with the once-daily, but not the twice-daily, tacrolimus formulation.

Conclusion
The observations in this study may support the rationale for the use of VEP measurements as non-invasive monitoring of subclinical tacrolimus neurotoxicity.
Reconstruction of age distributions from differentially private census data
Authors: Dyrting Sigurd , Flaxman Abraham , Sharygin Ethan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe age distribution of a population is important for understanding the demand and provision of labor and services, and as a denominator for calculating key age-specific rates such as fertility and mortality. In the US, the most important source of information on age distributions is the decennial census, but a new disclosure avoidance system (DAS) based on differential privacy will inject noise into the data, potentially compromising its utility for small areas and minority populations. In this paper, we explore the question whether there are statistical methods that can be applied to noisy age distributions to enhance the research uses of census data without compromising privacy. We apply a non-parametric method for smoothing with naive or informative priors to age distributions from the 2010 Census via demonstration data which have had the US Census Bureau’s implementation of differential privacy applied. We find that smoothing age distributions can increase the fidelity of the demonstration data to previously published population counts by age. We discuss implications for uses of data from the 2020 US Census and potential consequences for the measurement of population dynamics, health, and disparities.
Youth Empowered Advocating for Health (YEAH): Facilitating Partnerships Between Prevention Scientists and Black Youth to Promote Health Equity
Authors: Woods-Jaeger Briana , Jahangir Tasfia , Lucas Devin , Freeman Marjorie , Renfro Tiffaney L. , Knutzen Kristin E. , Cave Nkosi , Jackson Melvin , Chandler Caroline , Riggins Christa , Lightfoot Alexandra F. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Structural racism inflicts a disproportionate burden of stress and trauma within Black communities, resulting in physical and mental health inequities that impact Black youth. Yet few multilevel interventions exist to address these deeply rooted inequities from a preventive standpoint, and even fewer are informed by the participatory input of the impacted communities. To bridge these gaps, we developed a community-based prevention strategy that promotes agency and active resistance to structural racism, Youth Empowered Advocating for Health (YEAH), and implemented it across various settings. We outline the development, implementation, and expansion of YEAH as a tool for promoting optimal health among Black communities. Lastly, we discuss lessons learned and offer a framework outlining key principles for prevention scientists to partner with Black youth and engage them in translational science to address structural racism. This framework is aimed at driving policies, practices, and procedures that promote equitable and sustainable change for and with Black communities.
A Statistical Comparison of EUV Brightenings Observed by SO/EUI with Simulated Brightenings in Nonpotential Simulations
Authors: Barczynski Krzysztof , Meyer Karen A. , Harra Louise K. , Mackay Duncan H. , Auchère Frédéric , Berghmans David 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe High Resolution Imager (HRIEUV) telescope of the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUI) instrument onboard Solar Orbiter has observed EUV brightenings, so-called campfires, as fine-scale structures at coronal temperatures. The goal of this paper is to compare the basic geometrical (size, orientation) and physical (intensity, lifetime) properties of the EUV brightenings with regions of energy dissipation in a nonpotential coronal magnetic-field simulation. In the simulation, HMI line-of-sight magnetograms are used as input to drive the evolution of solar coronal magnetic fields and energy dissipation. We applied an automatic EUV-brightening detection method to EUV images obtained on 30 May 2020 by the HRIEUV telescope. We applied the same detection method to the simulated energy dissipation maps from the nonpotential simulation to detect simulated brightenings. We detected EUV brightenings with a density of $1.41 \times 10^{-3}$
1.41
×

10

−
3

brightenings/Mm2 in the EUI observations and simulated brightenings between $2.76\times 10^{-2}$
2.76
×

10

−
2

– $4.14\times 10^{-2}$
4.14
×

10

−
2

brightenings/Mm2 in the simulation, for the same time range. Although significantly more brightenings were produced in the simulations, the results show similar distributions of the key geometrical and physical properties of the observed and simulated brightenings. We conclude that the nonpotential simulation can successfully reproduce statistically the characteristic properties of the EUV brightenings (typically with more than 85% similarity); only the duration of the events is significantly different between observations and simulation. Further investigations based on high-cadence and high-resolution magnetograms from Solar Orbiter are under consideration to improve the agreement between observation and simulation.
Zur Kriminologie als forensischer Disziplin
Authors: Brettel Hauke 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungObwohl die Kriminologie als „Lehre vom Verbrechen“ für die Aufarbeitung von Straftaten prädestiniert scheint, ist ihr Engagement in der Forensik keineswegs selbstverständlich. Dies hängt mit Unklarheiten, die bereits im Hinblick auf Grundeigenschaften der Kriminologie bestehen, zusammen. Was mit „Kriminologie“ gemeint ist und wofür sie zuständig ist bzw. zuständig sein könnte, ist nicht offenkundig. Ebenso existiert Klärungsbedarf dazu, wer die Kriminologie vertritt, und ob es sich bei der Kriminologie überhaupt um eine eigenständige Wissenschaft handelt, was Voraussetzung für eine Einordnung als „forensische Disziplin“ wäre. Auch lohnt ein Blick auf die Verbindlichkeit von Erkenntnissen, die als „kriminologisch“ eingeordnet werden. Mit einem Hauptaugenmerk auf diesen Aspekten widmet sich folgender Beitrag der Rolle der Kriminologie in der Forensik. Dabei bezieht sich „forensisch“ hier auf die Einzelfallbeurteilung in der Praxis der Rechtspflege. Dies schließt insbesondere die Anwendung von Fachwissen im Rahmen der Einschätzung, Begutachtung und Behandlung von Straftätern ein.