bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water‐Group Pickup Ions From Europa‐Genic Neutrals Orbiting Jupiter
Authors: Szalay J. R. , Smith H. T. , Zirnstein E. J. , McComas D. J. , Begley L. J. , Bagenal F. , Delamere P. A. , Wilson R. J. , Valek P. W. , Poppe A. R. , Nénon Q. , Allegrini F. , Ebert R. W. , Bolton S. J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWater‐group gas continuously escapes from Jupiter's icy moons to form co‐orbiting populations of particles or neutral toroidal clouds. These clouds provide insights into their source moons as they reveal loss processes and compositions of their parent bodies, alter local plasma composition, and act as sources and sinks for magnetospheric particles. We report the first observations of H2+ pickup ions in Jupiter's magnetosphere from 13 to 18 Jovian radii and find a density ratio of H2+/H+ = 8 ± 4%, confirming the presence of a neutral H2 toroidal cloud. Pickup ion densities monotonically decrease radially beyond 13 RJ consistent with an advecting Europa‐genic toroidal cloud source. From these observations, we derive a total H2 neutral loss rate from Europa of 1.2 ± 0.7 kg s−1. This provides the most direct estimate of Europa's H2 neutral loss rate to date and underscores the importance of both ion composition and neutral toroidal clouds in understanding satellite‐magnetosphere interactions.
Visualizing Lamb Waves From a Volcanic Eruption Using Meteorological Satellite Himawari‐8
Authors: Otsuka S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe major eruption of volcano Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai in Tonga on 15 January 2022 generated atmospheric Lamb waves that propagated over the world. This seemed the first volcanic Lamb wave event that was clearly captured by the state‐of‐the‐art geostationary meteorological satellites. This paper provides visualization of the waves using thermal infrared images from geostationary satellite Himawari‐8. The second time derivatives of 10‐min interval images clearly illustrated the waves propagating at about 310 m s−1. The waves could be tracked for more than a week while they propagated five times round the earth. Automated wavefront identification illustrated nonuniform propagation speed. The signals in the satellite images well matched the surface pressure observations in Japan.
IRX5 promotes adipogenesis of hMSCs by repressing glycolysis
Authors: Jiang Bulin , Huang Liyuan , Tian Tian , Wu Hongling , Yao Hantao , Marmo Tyler , Song Fangfang , Huang Cui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIroquois homeobox transcription factor 5 (IRX5) plays a pivotal role in extramedullary adipogenesis, but little is known about the effects of IRX5 on adipogenesis of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of IRX5 on hMSCs adipogenesis. By means of qPCR analysis, we determined that IRX5 expression was elevated during adipogenic commitment of hMSCs. The biologic role of IRX5 was further investigated by employing a gain/loss-of-function strategy using an in vitro lentivirus-based system. IRX5 overexpression promoted adipogenesis whereas IRX5 knockdown reduced the adipogenic phenotype. RNA-seq and metabolomics revealed that IRX5 overexpression repressed glycolysis. Dual-luciferase assay results showed that IRX5 overexpression transcriptionally activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC-1α). Metformin and PGC-1α inhibitor reversed IRX5-induced adipogenesis and glycolytic inhibition. Collectively, IRX5 facilitates adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs by transcriptionally regulating PGC-1α and inhibiting glycolysis, revealing a potential target to control bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) fate decision and bone homeostasis.
Optimizing the Dryland Sheet Erosion equation in South China
Authors: Wang Dongdong , Yuan Zaijian , Li Dingqiang , Chen Yong , Xie Zhenyue , Lai Yanfei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOptimisation of models applied in sheet erosion equations could facilitate effective management of sheet erosion in the field, and sustainable agricultural production. To optimise the characterisation of sheet erosion on slope farmland in South China, the present study conducted field simulation rainfall experiments with vegetated and fallow soils. According to the results, sheet erosion rate first increased with an increase in rainfall duration and then stabilised. Exclusive P. vulgaris planting and P. vulgaris in combination with earthworms could reduce sheet erosion by 10–60%, and the combined method could better control sheet erosion. There were significant differences in erosion rate between mild and steep slopes, and light and heavy rain conditions. The influence of rain intensity on sheet erosion was greater than that of slope. Soil organic matter (SOM), rain intensity, and slope can be used to optimise sheet erosion equations of exposed slopes, and SOM and hydraulic parameters can be used to optimise sheet erosion equations in vegetated slopes. The results of the present study could facilitate the reduction of the time and space variability errors in the establishment of sheet erosion models for vegetated slopes.
Near infra-red labelling and tracking of corneal endothelial cells in-vivo
Authors: Bhogal Maninder , Ang Heng-Pei , Lin Shu-Jun , Lwin Chan N. , Adnan Khadijah , Peh Gary , Mehta Jodhbir S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFollowing corneal transplantation, there is an initial, rapid decline in corneal endothelial cells (CECs) following surgery. Direct imaging of post-transplantation endothelial cells is only possible weeks after surgery and with a limited field of view. We have developed a labelling approach using 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindotricarbocyanine iodide (DIR) dye solution, that enables tracking of labelled CECs in vivo for at least 1 month. Initial in vitro optimization, with assessments of dye concentration on fluorescence, cellular toxicity and cell migration, performed in propagated primary CECs. Subsequently, in vivo evaluation of cellular labelling was assessed within a rabbit wound healing model. Finally, real-time visualization of human cadaver donor tissue incubated in DIR transplanted into rabbits was achieved using a clinical confocal microscope. Results revealed detectable fluorescence increased with concentration to a plateau of 100 µg/ml, with no toxicity of CECs at any concentration evaluated. DIR-labelled CECs were detectable in vivo up to 1 month, and transplanted labelled donor graft could be visualized and were trackable in vivo. Acute endothelial rejection in 1 rabbit was evidenced by detectable DIR positive cells within the anterior chamber. DIR imaging allowed for detailed imaging of the transplanted human corneal endothelium, and enabled non-invasive observation of the corneal endothelial morphology following transplantation.
Autochthony and isotopic niches of benthic fauna at shallow-water hydrothermal vents
Authors: Wang Teng-Wei , Lau Danny C. P. , Chan Tin-Yam , Chan Benny K. K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe food webs of shallow-water hydrothermal vents are supported by chemosynthetic and photosynthetic autotrophs. However, the relative importance of these two basal resources for benthic consumers and its changes along the physicochemical gradient caused by vent plumes are unknown. We used stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes (i.e., δ13C and δ15N) and Bayesian mixing models to quantify the dietary contribution of basal resources to the benthic fauna at the shallow-water vents around Kueishan Island, Taiwan. Our results indicated that the food chains and consumer production at the shallow-water vents were mainly driven by photoautotrophs (total algal contribution: 26–54%) and zooplankton (19–34%) rather than by chemosynthetic production (total contribution: 14–26%). Intraspecific differences in the trophic support and isotopic niche of the benthic consumers along the physicochemical gradient were also evident. For instance, sea anemone Anthopleura sp. exhibited the greatest reliance on chemosynthetic bacteria (26%) and photoautotrophs (66%) near the vent openings, but zooplankton was its main diet in regions 150–300 m (32–49%) and 300–700 m (32–78%) away from the vent mouths. The vent-induced physicochemical gradient structures not only the community but also the trophic support and isotopic niche of vent consumers.
Mothers’ interoceptive sensibility mediates affective interaction between mother and infant
Authors: Suga Ayami , Naruto Yosuke , Maulina Venie Viktoria Rondang , Uraguchi Maki , Ozaki Yuka , Ohira Hideki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInteroceptive sensibility, which denotes the self-perceived sensitivity to inner-body sensations, has been associated with the emotional experiences and inferences of others’ emotional states. Focusing on the role of interoceptive sensibility in the emotional states and psychological well-being of mothers during caregiving, this study explores how physiological arousal and interoceptive sensibility mediate the association between mother–infant interaction and maternal well-being using an experience sampling method. Infant-directed-singing (IDS) with social touch was used to facilitate mother–infant interaction. Pairs of 2–8-month-old infants and their mothers participated. Mothers in an IDS group (N = 25) and a no-IDS group (N = 26) recorded their and the infant’s daily feelings and physiological states using a smartphone application for one month. All participants, including the control group (N = 78) who neither performed IDS nor used the application, answered the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness questionnaire before and after the recording period. Results indicated that IDS improved mother–infant interactions and positive feelings, enhancing maternal physiological arousal. Increased interoceptive sensibility enhanced infants’ positive feelings in the IDS group, whereas in the no-IDS group, it weakened mother’s positive feelings, suggesting that maternal interoceptive sensibility mediated the effects of IDS on mother and infant well-being.
Key connection between gravitational instability in physical gels and granular media
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuya U. , Kurita Rei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe study gravitationally-driven (Rayleigh–Taylor-like) instability in physical gels as a model for the behavior of granular media falling under gravity; physical gels have a structural elasticity and may be fluidized, capturing both the solid and liquid properties of granular systems. Though ubiquitous in both industrial and natural contexts, the unique static and dynamic properties of granular media remain poorly understood. Under the action of a gravitational force, granular materials may flow while exhibiting heterogeneous rigidity, as seen during e.g., avalanches or landslides. Though the onset of this gravitational “instability” has been addressed, the mechanism behind its incidence is not yet understood. We find key quantitative similarities between Rayleigh–Taylor-like instability in physical gels and granular systems. In particular, we identify a common scaling law, showing that the instability is chiefly governed by the thickness of the flowable region.
Nanosecond-pulsed DBD plasma treatment on human leukaemia Jurkat cells and monoblastic U937 cells in vitro
Authors: Erfani Rasool , Carmichael Cameron , Sofokleous Thea , Wang Qiuyu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPlasma therapy offers an exciting and novel way of cancer treatment. Specifically, it is shown that Jurkat death rates are closely governed by the plasma treatment time. However, apart from time, alterations to different parameters of treatment process may yield better results. Here, Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactors excited by a nanosecond-pulse energy source are used to investigate cell viability for longer exposure times as well as the effects of polarity of reactor on treatment. Plasma discharge regimes are discussed and assessed using imaging and thermal imaging methods. We found that by changing the polarity of reactor i.e. changing the direction of plasma discharge, the plasma discharge regime changes influencing directly the effectiveness of treatment. Our results showed that ns-DBD− reactor could induce both apoptosis and necrosis of human Jurkat and U937 cells, and this cytotoxic effect of plasma was not completely antagonized by N-acetyl cysteine. It indicates that plasma could induce ROS-independent cell death. Gene expression analyses revealed that p53, BAD, BID and caspase 9 may play vital roles in plasma caused cell death. In addition, our findings demonstrate how different parameters can influence the effectiveness of our reactors. Our assay reveals the custom ability nature of plasma reactors for hematologic cancer therapy and our findings can be used for further development of such reactors using multi-objective optimisation techniques.
Comparison of intravenous sedation using midazolam versus dexmedetomidine in elderly patients with dementia: a randomized cross-over trial
Authors: Morimoto Yoshinari , Hayashi Megumi , Yao Yuki , Nishizaki Hitomi , Ishii Hidechika , Mikuzuki Lou , Hara Kouji 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDifferences between the effects of intravenous sedation with midazolam (MID) and dexmedetomidine (DEX) on the cerebral function of elderly patients with severe dementia are unclear. This study aimed to compare the effects of intravenous sedation with MID or DEX on parameters such as brain waves and cerebral blood flow (CBF). This cross-over study analyzed 12 patients with severe dementia, with each patient receiving both drug treatments. Each drug was administered until a Modified Observer’s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation (OAA/S) score of 2 was reached. Bispectral index (BIS) and normalized tissue hemoglobin index (nTHI), which reflects CBF using near-infrared spectroscopy, were measured. Mann–Whitney U, Wilcoxon signed-rank, and Friedman tests, and multiple regression analysis were performed. While a similar decline in BIS values was observed in both groups (P < 0.030), there was a significant decrease in nTHI up to 11% in the MID group (P = 0.005). In the DEX group, nTHI values did not differ from baseline. When an OAA/S score of 2 was just achieved, CBF in the MID group (− 5%) was significantly lower than in the DEX group (± 0%). In dementia patients, sedation with MID resulted in a decrease in CBF, while the CBF value was maintained during sedation with DEX.
In vivo bio-distribution and acute toxicity evaluation of greenly synthesized ultra-small gold nanoparticles with different biological activities
Authors: Aljohani Faizah S. , Hamed Moaaz T. , Bakr Basant A. , Shahin Yahya H. , Abu-Serie Marwa M. , Awaad Ashraf K. , El-Kady Hadir , Elwakil Bassma H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUltra-small gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) “≤ 10 nm diameters” have potent biomedical applications. Hence, the present study aimed to greenly synthesize ultra-small gold nanoparticles using Egyptian propolis extract. Different biological activities, in vivo bio-distribution and acute toxicity study were assessed. Results revealed that, Egyptian propolis extract can successfully synthesize the highly pure and stable ultra-small Au-NPs with average diameter 7.8 nm. In vitro antimicrobial and antimycobacterial activities revealed the powerful effect of the prepared Au-NPs. Moreover, the cytotoxic effect on human cancer cell lines revealed the potent inhibition of the cancer cells’ proliferation with high reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis induction. In vivo bio-distribution and acute toxicity studies were performed (10 and 100 mg/kg doses) in male albino rats. The ultra-small Au-NPs showed low or no toxicity upon using the Au-NPs low dose. The mean area accumulation (%) of the Au-NPs was higher in the liver, kidney, and brain tissues (4.41, 2.96, and 0.3 times, respectively) treated with high Au-NPs dosage compared to those treated with the low dose. Surprisingly, Au-NP accumulation in brain tissue was observed in the glial cells only. Accordingly, the low dose (10 mg/kg) of Au-NPs can be used safely in a variety of biomedical applications.
Increasing stratification as observed by satellite sea surface salinity measurements
Authors: Olmedo Estrella , Turiel Antonio , González-Gambau Verónica , González-Haro Cristina , García-Espriu Aina , Gabarró Carolina , Portabella Marcos , Corbella Ignasi , Martín-Neira Manuel , Arias Manuel , Catany Rafael , Sabia Roberto , Oliva Roger , Scipal Klaus 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChanges in the Earth’s water cycle can be estimated by analyzing sea surface salinity. This variable reflects the balance between precipitation and evaporation over the ocean, since the upper layers of the ocean are the most sensitive to atmosphere–ocean interactions. In situ measurements lack spatial and temporal synopticity and are typically acquired at few meters below the surface. Satellite measurements, on the contrary, are synoptic, repetitive and acquired at the surface. Here we show that the satellite-derived sea surface salinity measurements evidence an intensification of the water cycle (the freshest waters become fresher and vice-versa) which is not observed at the in-situ near-surface salinity measurements. The largest positive differences between surface and near-surface salinity trends are located over regions characterized by a decrease in the mixed layer depth and the sea surface wind speed, and an increase in sea surface temperature, which is consistent with an increased stratification of the water column due to global warming. These results highlight the crucial importance of using satellites to unveil critical changes on ocean–atmosphere fluxes.
French guidelines for restrictive episiotomy during instrumental delivery were not followed by an increase in obstetric anal sphincter injury
Authors: Gachon Bertrand , Fritel Xavier , Rivière Olivier , Pereira Bruno , Vendittelli Françoise 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe objective was to assess the influence of the French guidelines in favor of a restrictive use of episiotomy on both episiotomy and obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI) rates during instrumental delivery. It was aulticenter study involving 193 maternities between 2000 and 2016. We included women with a singleton pregnancy, with cephalic presentation at 34 weeks of gestation or more who underwent an instrumental delivery. The study period was divided into three phases: 2000–2005 (reference) 2006–2011, and 2012–2016. We calculated the adjusted relative risk (aRR) of episiotomy and OASI and investigated for changes in episiotomy and OASI rates over time by using Prais–Winsten regression. We considered 96,035 deliveries. The episiotomy’s risk was lower in 2006–2011 (69.4%) and 2012–2016 (59.1%) compared to 2000–2005 (81.2%), respectively: aRR 0.93 [0.92–0.95] and 0.89 [0.87–0.90]. The OASI’s risk was higher in 2006–2011 (2.5%) and 2012–2016 (3.1%) compared to 2000–2005, respectively: aRR 1.30 [1.10–1.53]) and 1.57 [1.33–1.85]. However, Prais–Winsten regression showed no difference in the OASI rate during the study period. We observed a massive decrease in episiotomy use and a moderate increase in crude OASI’s rate but multivariate analysis failed to report an association between these outcomes.
A comparison between Austin-Moore and Corail prosthesis regarding intraoperative periprosthetic femur fractures in hip hemiarthroplasty
Authors: Mazzawi Elias , Ghrayeb Nabil , Khury Farouk , Norman Doron , Keren Yaniv 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHip hemiarthroplasty is considered the treatment of choice for displaced femoral neck fractures in elderly less active patients. One important complication of this procedure is an intraoperative periprosthetic femur fracture (IPF), which may lead to poor functional outcome and may increase morbidity and mortality. Our primary aim in this study is to compare between Austin-Moore and Corail prosthesis regarding IPFs. Our secondary aim is to assess patient and surgical technique related risk factors for the development of this complication. Inclusion criteria included patients older than 65 years of age who had a displaced femoral neck fracture and were operated for hip hemiarthroplasty between the years 2014–2018. Patient-specific data was collected retrospectively including age, gender, comorbidities, pre-injury ambulatory status, duration of surgery, surgical approach, use of Austin-Moore or Corail prosthesis, surgeon’s experience and type of anesthesia applied. In addition, radiographs were reviewed for measurement of calcar to canal ratio (CDR) and classification of Dorr canal type. 257 patients with an average age of 83.7 years were enrolled in the study. 118 patients (46%) were treated with an Austin-Moore prosthesis, while 139 (54%) were treated with a Corail prosthesis. A total of 22 patients (8.6%) had intraoperative fractures. Fracture prevalence was significantly higher in the Corail group compared with the Austin-Moore group (12.2% vs. 4.2%, p = 0.025). The majority of patients had a Dorr A type femoral canal, while the rest had Dorr B type canal (70% vs. 30%). There was no difference in fracture prevalence between Dorr A and B canal type patients. We didn’t find any significant risk factor for developing an IPF, neither patient wise (age, gender, and comorbidities) nor surgical technique related (surgical approach, type of anesthesia, and surgeon’s experience). Intraoperative periprosthetic fracture prevalence was significantly higher in the Corail patient group compared with the Austin-Moore group. This may be an important advantage of the Austin-Moore prosthesis over the Corail prosthesis.