bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing annual thermal comfort extent in central courtyards: Baghdad as a case study
Authors: Al-Hafith Omar , BK Satish , de Wilde Pieter 
Published: April 2022

PurposeTraditional central courtyards have been advocated for being thermally efficient for hot-climate regions. However, exploring previous literature shows that it is not clear to what extent courtyards are truly thermally comfortable. This study determines the level of thermal comfort in residential courtyards in hot-climate regions, taking Baghdad as a case study.Design/methodology/approachThis study develops a novel Courtyard Thermal Usability Index (CTUI) to quantify the ability of courtyards to provide thermal comfort to occupants. CTUI is the fraction of useable thermally comfortable hours in courtyards of the total occupation hours during a specific period. To operationalise CTUI, the research employs the Envi-met 4.2 simulation tool to determine the annual thermal conditions of 360 courtyards. An adaptive thermal comfort model developed by Al-Hafith in 2020 for Iraq is used to judge simulated thermal conditions and determine CTUI.FindingsCTUI enables determining the level of thermal comfort courtyards offer to occupants by showing the ratio of the thermally comfortable period versus the occupation period. Results show that, in Iraq, annually, courtyards offer up to 38% comfortable hours out of the total potential occupation hours. The rest of the time the courtyard will not be comfortable, mostly due to overheating. When designing courtyards, the most effective geometric property impacting courtyards' thermal conditions is width/height. The most important microclimatic factor impacting occupants' thermal sensation is mean radiant temperature (MRT). This study can be used to inform designing thermally efficient courtyards for hot-climate regions.Originality/valueThis study presents the first assessment of the thermal efficiency of courtyards in hot-climate regions depending on an assessment of their ability to provide thermal comfort to occupants. The study presents a novel index that can be used to quantify the ability of courtyards to provide a thermally comfortable environment to occupants.
Beyond the psychology of self and individual's pro-environmental behaviours: exploring how technology innovations can help organisations achieve and promote sustainability
Authors: Oke Adekunle 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThis study proposes a new agenda for research and practice on pro-environmental behaviours in organisational settings by exploring the intersection between technology innovations and pro-environmental initiatives. The goal is to demonstrate the utility of digital technology in promoting and achieving sustainability by addressing the complexity and inconsistency in pro-environmental behaviours.Design/methodology/approachUsing relevant literature on pro-environmental behaviours, this study explores the possibility of embedding technology innovations in pro-environmental initiatives to promote and enhance sustainability in organisational settings.FindingsThis study argues that the recent technological advancement and open innovation provide new insights into understanding and implementing pro-environmental initiatives in organisational settings. While pro-environmental behaviours studies have advanced over the past decades, this study shows that many pro-environmental activities do not require employees to change behaviour. According to this study, psychology and technology innovations offer various opportunities for businesses to effectively and pragmatically embed sustainability into their operations without necessarily changing employees' behaviour.Research limitations/implicationsThis conceptual study offers opportunities to empirically explore the collaborative nexus between “psychology-based pro-environmental behaviour research and technology innovation”. Despite the plethora of studies on pro-environmental behaviours, results are mixed and inconclusive, raising questions about the dominant practice used for promoting pro-environmental initiatives and behaviours at the corporate level. This study, therefore, provides a new pathway for businesses to address their environmental aspects, demonstrating a pragmatic approach to resolving the complexity of pro-environmental behaviours.Originality/valueThis study allows social investigators, policymakers, and technology developers to re-assess, revive and further investigate how they can collaborate to address practical environmental and social issues.
Dynamic assessment of multilingual children's word learning
Authors: MacLeod Andrea A. N. , Glaspey Amy M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundTeachers and clinicians may struggle to provide early identification to support multilingual children's language development. Dynamic assessments are a promising approach to identify and support children's language development.AimsWe developed and studied a novel word learning task that is dynamic and language neutral. It makes use of multilingual children's abilities to apply language transfer, fast mapping and socially embedded language to the learning of new words.Methods & ProceduresA total of 26 children attending kindergarten in French participated in this study. Within this group, 13 different home languages were spoken. Children took part in a dynamic assessment task of their word learning that consisted of a test–teach–retest task. Children's scores on this task were compared with their language abilities reported by their parents, amount of language exposure and scores on standardized tests of vocabulary. All tasks were delivered in French.Outcomes & ResultsChildren had higher accuracy for known words as compared with new words in the task, which may suggest transfer of knowledge from their first language. They also showed increased accuracy in identifying and naming the new words across the three trials, suggesting fast mapping of these new vocabulary items. Finally, the scores on the dynamic task correlated to children's vocabulary scores on the standardized tests, but not parent report of language development, or the amount of exposure to the language of school.Conclusions & ImplicationsThis novel dynamic assessment task taps into the process of vocabulary learning, but is less influenced by prior language knowledge. Together, these findings provide insight into early word learning by young multilingual children and proposes a conceptual model for identifying strategies to support second language acquisition.What this paper addsWhat is already known on the subject
Many barriers exist with regards to assessing the language abilities of multilingual children when a clinician aims to assess their language abilities in both languages. An alternative approach is to measure children's language processing abilities.
What this paper adds to existing knowledge
A novel dynamic and multilingual task was developed and implemented in this study. This task builds on children's word learning abilities that include cross‐language transfer, fast‐mapping, and socially imbedded learning. This multilingual task was found to tap into vocabulary learning but was not influenced by prior language knowledge.
What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?
Applying a task that focuses on language processing abilities is a promising strategy to capture language abilities in multilingual children. In addition, the dynamic nature of this tasks allows a clinician to identify scaffolding strategies that best support children's word learning.
Trust, Governance, and the Covid‐19 Pandemic: an Explainer using Longitudinal Data from the United Kingdom
Authors: Weinberg James 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCrises like the Covid‐19 pandemic place an added premium on the social contract underpinning principal‐agent relations in representative democracies, which relies, at a fundamental level, on conditional trust judgements by those without power in those with decision‐making authority to act in their better interests. Existing studies of political trust during the pandemic suggest that it has been both a symptom of government activity as well as a cause of its success or failure. Presenting original longitudinal data collected from UK citizens at the start of the pandemic and again twenty months later, the article teases apart these dynamics and their implications. It shows, for example, that the public became less trusting and more distrusting of politicians during this unique moment, and that these trends are strongly linked to performance evaluations of the UK government as well as public compliance with mandatory and non‐mandatory policies such as vaccination and mask wearing.
Prehospital canthotomy: A sight‐saving procedure in case series
Authors: Latona Akmez , Saad Nivene , Hogden Michael , Hamilton Alistair TM 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveOrbital compartment syndrome (OCS) is a time critical condition, with ischaemic complications occurring after 90–120 min. In the prehospital setting, the diagnosis and management of OCS is challenging due to complex environmental considerations, competing clinical priorities, and limited equipment. This study aims to provide learning points on performing lateral canthotomy and cantholysis (LCC) in the prehospital setting.MethodsWe performed a retrospective audit of LCC in our service from January 2016 to December 2020 by retrieving demographic and clinical details from LifeFlight Retrieval Medicine electronic database using ‘OCS’ and ‘LCC’ as keywords.ResultsThree cases out of 7413 trauma missions were identified over the 5‐year period. LCC was performed at the primary scene in two cases, while one patient underwent LCC at a rural hospital near the scene of injury. Clinical findings, aeromedical considerations, and radiological findings at the receiving facility, along with visual outcomes at time of discharge are discussed.ConclusionPrehospital LCC is rare. The Australian aeromedical context often involves lengthy transfers of trauma patients. Clinical diagnosis and management of OCS are highly challenging in the prehospital setting. It is important that prehospital physicians have access to appropriate equipment to perform LCC. They should be provided with suitable training and supported by a standard operating procedure.
Continued opioid use following an emergency department presentation for low back pain
Authors: Coombs Danielle M , Maher Chris G , Collett Melinda , Mathieson Stephanie , Abdel Shaheed Christina , Lin Chung‐Wei Christine , Machado Gustavo C 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the proportion of patients with low back pain who receive an opioid analgesic prescription on hospital discharge, the proportion using opioid analgesics 4 weeks after discharge, and to identify predictors of continued opioid analgesic use at 4 weeks after an ED presentation in opioid‐naïve patients.MethodsAn observational cohort study nested within a randomised controlled trial in four EDs in New South Wales, Australia. Participants were adults who presented to the ED with non‐specific low back pain or low back pain with lower limb neurological signs and symptoms. Electronic medical records supplemented the patient‐reported pain and use of opioid analgesics at 4‐week follow up.ResultsOf the 104 patients included, 33 (31.7%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 22.9–41.6) received an opioid analgesic prescription at hospital discharge and 38 (36.5%, 95% CI 27.3–46.6) reported taking an opioid analgesic for pain 4 weeks after the ED presentation. Among opioid‐naïve patients (n = 85), older age (odds ratio [OR] 1.04, 95% CI 1.00–1.08, P = 0.031) was the only predictor for continued opioid analgesic use at 4 weeks post‐ED presentation.ConclusionAbout one‐third of patients who present to the ED with low back pain receive an opioid analgesic prescription on discharge and are taking an opioid analgesic 4 weeks later. These findings justify future research to identify strategies to reduce the risk of long‐term opioid use in patients who present to the ED with low back pain.
Use of steatotic donor livers for transplantation: Do they affect outcome?
Authors: Ghazaly Mohamed , Tiwari Navneet , Sethi Pulkit , Surendrakumar Veena , Duckworth Adam 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe exact effect of donor steatosis on post‐transplant outcome is not well established. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of different grades of deceased donor liver steatosis on recipient outcome and to validate performance of the MEAF score in conjunction with graft steatosis.MethodsAdult recipients of 228 livers were studied. Livers were divided into three groups according to grade of steatosis; S0, no steatosis (n = 152); S1, minimal to mild steatosis <33% (n = 62); S2, moderate to severe steatosis 33%–66% (n = 14). Donor, recipient data and outcomes of transplantation were evaluated.ResultsModerate to severe steatosis (S2) was associated with older donors and higher donor BMI. Postoperative laboratory values were significantly higher in S2. Incidence of EAD did not differ significantly with no PNFs. MEAF score correlated well with EAD. S0 had a significant shorter ICU stay. Mortality did not differ significantly. Median MEAF score was higher for S2 than S0 and S1 (5.80 versus 4.73 and 4.49).ConclusionSteatosis was associated with older, more obese donors, but did not adversely affect the postoperative outcomes. Steatotic graft recipients had more renal impairment and longer ICU stay. MEAF score might be an accurate method for assessing the early graft function in conjunction with steatosis.
Extra‐hepatic Glissonean approach allows safe segmental liver resection in patients with cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ibraheem Tameem M. F. , Fadel Bashir A. , Abbas Mostafa S. , Ibrahim Ahmed M. F. , Mahdy Magdy M. , Makhlouf Nahed A. , Medhat Mohammed A. , Taha Ahmed M. I. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimThis study aims to report our experience with the extra‐hepatic Glissonean approach (EHGA) in liver resection in patients with cirrhosis.Patients and MethodsFrom a prospectively maintained database in Al‐Rajhi Liver Hospital, Assiut University, Egypt, all patients with cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who had open liver resections of two or more segments from January 2014 to December 2016 were identified. As many as 49 patients received resection via the classical pedicle dissection technique (PDT) and 38 by EHGA.ResultsThere was no difference in age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, aetiology of liver disease, alpha‐fetoprotein, tumour number, size, Child‐Turcotte‐Pugh or Model for End‐stage Liver Disease scores between groups. Patients in the EHGA group had shorter operative time (214 ± 54 vs. 249 ± 44 minutes in PDT; P = .001), lesser blood loss (647 ± 140 ml vs. 741 ± 192 ml, respectively; P = .010), wider safety margin (14 ± 3.5 mm vs. 11.5 ± 5.8 mm, respectively; P = .029), lesser decompensation (18.4% vs. 40.8%, respectively; P = .026) and shorter hospital stay (8, range 3‐26 vs. 9, range 4‐36 days, respectively; P = .015). There was no 30‐day mortalities in the EHGA group compared with two in the PDT group. There were no differences between groups in 1‐ and 3‐year overall and recurrence‐free survival rates.ConclusionsEHGA is a rapid, safe and oncologically sound approach for segmental anatomical liver resections of HCC in patients with cirrhosis.
Benign lymphoid hyperplasia of tongue base compromising the airway
Authors: Chow Tam‐Lin , Kwan Wilson Wai‐Yin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundBenign lymphoid hyperplasia (BLH) is a benign proliferation of lymphoid tissue in response to external irritation. Although it had been described in the literature, occurrence within oral cavity is rare.MethodsWe reported a severe case of tongue base BLH compromising the breathing and swallowing of the affected patient. Clinically it mimicked a neoplastic lesion.ResultsThe patient was successfully treated by tracheostomy, debulking excision and a course of postoperative steroid. The diagnosis was confirmed on histopathology examination. There is no disease recurrence after a follow‐up of 11 months.ConclusionsBLH of tongue base can masquerade as malignancy and rarely compromise the upper airway. Prompt reduction surgery plus postoperative steroid can affirm the diagnosis and cure the disease.
Proteomes of primary skin fibroblasts from healthy individuals reveal altered cell responses across the life span
Authors: Tsitsipatis Dimitrios , Martindale Jennifer L. , Ubaida‐Mohien Ceereena , Lyashkov Alexey , Yanai Hagai , Kashyap Amogh , Shin Chang Hoon , Herman Allison B. , Ji Eunbyul , Yang Jen‐Hao , Munk Rachel , Dunn Christopher , Lukyanenko Yevgeniya , Yang Xiaoling , Chia Chee W. , Karikkineth Ajoy C. , Zukley Linda , D’Agostino Jarod , Kaileh Mary , Cui Chang‐Yi , Beerman Isabel , Ferrucci Luigi , Gorospe Myriam 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChanges in the proteome of different human tissues with advancing age are poorly characterized. Here, we studied the proteins present in primary skin fibroblasts collected from 82 healthy individuals across a wide age spectrum (22–89 years old) who participated in the GESTALT (Genetic and Epigenetic Signatures of Translational Aging Laboratory Testing) study of the National Institute on Aging, NIH. Proteins were extracted from lysed fibroblasts and subjected to liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis, and the expression levels of 9341 proteins were analyzed using linear regression models. We identified key pathways associated with skin fibroblast aging, including autophagy, scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ribosome biogenesis, DNA replication, and DNA repair. Changes in these prominent pathways were corroborated using molecular and cell culture approaches. Our study establishes a framework of the global proteome governing skin fibroblast aging and points to possible biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Changing the routine: a move to patient initiated follow up to improve surgical outpatient clinic
Authors: Balhorn Joshua , Su'a Bruce , Jin James , Peng Sze‐Lin , Weston Maree , Israel Lincoln , Connolly Andrew , Hill Andrew G. , Taneja Ashish 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionPatient initiated follow up (PIFU) allows patients to initiate a hospital follow up appointment on an ‘as required’ basis in contrast to the traditional physician‐initiated model. We present a clinical pathway for patients referred with rectal bleeding at a large tertiary public hospital in South Auckland, New Zealand and demonstrate the utility of PIFU and its impact on reducing follow up appointments.MethodThe purpose of the pathway was to allow standardized care by the clinicians and allow for PIFU. Two separate protocols were developed ‐ ‘Painful PR bleeding’ and ‘Painless PR bleeding’. A new clinic (NC) was started following these protocols, and this was compared to historical controls (HC). The primary outcome was the rate of follow up appointments.ResultsThere were 133 patients in the NC and 135 in the HC, with significantly less follow ups in the NC (6% versus 45%, p < 0.0001). A small percentage of patients in the NC group were directly discharged (10%) whilst 70% of patients were discharged with a PIFU card. Thirty phone calls were made using PIFU, with 10 patients returning to clinic and 20 requiring advice and reassurance only. At 5 year follow up, there was a single colorectal malignancy found in both groups.ConclusionInitiating a protocol that includes patient initiated follow up vastly reduces the need for routine return to clinic for the majority of patients, without sacrificing patient care. A protocolised approach to clinic for other areas in general surgery should be considered.
Review on the possible pathophysiological mechanisms underlying visual display terminal‐associated dry eye disease
Authors: Fjærvoll Ketil , Fjærvoll Haakon , Magno Morten , Nøland Sara Tellefsen , Dartt Darlene A. , Vehof Jelle , Utheim Tor P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundVisual display terminal (VDT) use is a key risk factor for dry eye disease (DED). Visual display terminal (VDT) use reduces the blink rate and increases the number of incomplete blinks. However, the exact mechanisms causing DED development from VDT use have yet to be clearly described.PurposeThe purpose of the study was to conduct a review on pathophysiological mechanisms promoting VDT‐associated DED.MethodsA PubMed search of the literature investigating the relationship between dry eye and VDT was performed, and relevance to pathophysiology of DED was evaluated.FindingsFifty‐five articles met the inclusion criteria. Several pathophysiological mechanisms were examined, and multiple hypotheses were extracted from the articles. Visual display terminal (VDT) use causes DED mainly through impaired blinking patterns. Changes in parasympathetic signalling and increased exposure to blue light, which could disrupt ocular homeostasis, were proposed in some studies but lack sufficient scientific support. Together, these changes may lead to a reduced function of the tear film, lacrimal gland, goblet cells and meibomian glands, all contributing to DED development.ConclusionVisual display terminal (VDT) use appears to induce DED through both direct and indirect routes. Decreased blink rates and increased incomplete blinks increase the exposed ocular evaporative area and inhibit lipid distribution from meibomian glands. Although not adequately investigated, changes in parasympathetic signalling may impair lacrimal gland and goblet cell function, promoting tear film instability. More studies are needed to better target and improve the treatment and prevention of VDT‐associated DED.
Letter: the clinical course of Crohn’s disease—the Sicilian experience. Authors’ reply
Authors: Burisch Johan , Langholz Ebbe , Munkholm Pia 
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Zhao et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16723 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16873
Editorial: screening for hepatocellular carcinoma in NAFLD cirrhosis—towards abbreviated MRI alternative in patients with obesity? Authors' reply
Authors: Huang Daniel Q. , Loomba Rohit 
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Huang et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16844 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16887