bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Total Synthesis of a Bioactive Lignanamide Using a 5‐endo‐tet‐Type Cyclization of Activated Cyclopropylcarbinols and Synthetic Support for the Reaction Mechanism
Authors: Saito Taichi , Shibata Kazuki , Takagi Ryohei , Shimizu Yuka , Takaki Naoya , Nishii Yoshinori 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe first enantioselective total synthesis of a bioactive lignanamide was achieved with high enantiomeric excess. Key synthetic steps include an organocatalytic enantioselective cyclopropanation and a Lewis‐acid‐mediated chirality‐transferring 5‐endo‐tet‐type cyclization that proceeds with a very high degree of stereoinduction. The proposed mechanism of the key reaction is supported by the experimental results. Based on these experimental results, the5‐endo‐tet‐type cyclization of a cyclopropylcarbinol proceeds predominantly via an SN1 mechanism with hightrans‐selectivity, which arises from the steric hindrance of the neighboring substituent. Minor pathways include the anchimeric participation of (i) the oxygen atom of the benzoyl group in an SN2 mechanism and/or (ii) a benzene‐coordinated transition state in an SN1‐like mechanism.
Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of Ynenamides through Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Hydroalkynylation of Ynamides
Authors: Siera Hannah , Kreuzahler Mathis , Wölper Christoph , Haberhauer Gebhard 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTransition metal catalysis is a useful tool for C−C bond‐forming reactions. Of special interest is the hydroalkynylation reaction of alkynes, which provides a simple method for the synthesis of enynes representing interesting structural motifs in organic chemistry. So far, there are only a few examples of gold(I)‐catalyzed hydroalkynylation reactions. Herein, we were able to show experimentally that the gold(I)‐catalyzed hydroalkynylation of ynamides leads regio‐ and stereoselectively to the corresponding ynenamides, a rather unknown type of molecule. A wide range of products could be generated with yields up to 90 % and, in contrast to many other gold‐catalyzed alkyne dimerization reactions, alkyl groups are tolerated. Quantum chemical calculations and NMR labelling experiments reveal a mechanism via dual gold catalysis.
New Insights into the Exploitation of BODIPY Derivatives as Organic Photocatalysts
Authors: Lama Ana Da , Bartolomei Beatrice , Rosso Cristian , Filippini Giacomo , Martínez M. Montserrat , Sarandeses Luis A. , Prato Maurizio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBoron‐dipyrromethene complexes (BODIPYs) are attracting a growing interest for their notable photophysical properties. Specifically, their application in organic photocatalysis is receiving particular attention thanks to their ability to undergo both electron and energy transfer processes, thus acting as promising photoredox catalysts and photosensitizers. Although the number of examples employing these organic dyes is constantly increasing, there are not so many studies that correlate their chemical composition to their photocatalytic activity. In this work, a rationally designed structure‐activity relationship study was performed by selecting a synthetically relevant atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) reaction as a benchmark. We demonstrated how the presence of heavy atoms in the chromophore's core turned out to be essential for achieving high reactivity levels. On the contrary, electron‐withdrawing groups in position 8 (meso) undermined the catalytic performances, in agreement with the proposed reaction mechanism.
Regiodivergent Synthesis and π‐Stacking‐Induced Chiral Self‐Recognition of Hexabenzocoronene‐Based [6]Helicenes
Authors: Morita Futo , Nogami Juntaro , Araujo Dias Antônio Junio , Kinoshita Suzuka , Nagashima Yuki , Tanaka Ken 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe lateral π‐extension of helicenes would yield interesting physical properties derived from the enhanced π‐stacking ability as well as intrinsic helical chirality. Here we report the regiodivergent synthesis of hexabenzocoronene (HBC)‐based [6]helicenes via cationic rhodium(I)/segphos complex‐mediated intramolecular [2+2+2] and [2+1+2+1] cycloadditions of triynes followed by Scholl reaction. The resulting HBC‐based [6]helicenes possess stable helical chirality but more planar structure than previously reported HBC‐based [7] and [9]helicenes. Therefore, these HBC‐based [6]helicenes exhibit π‐stacking‐induced chiral self‐recognition in solution, allowing the measurement of enantiomeric ratios by1H NMR spectroscopy without any chiral additive.
Silver Microelectrode Arrays for Direct Analysis of Hydrogen Peroxide in Low Ionic Strength Samples
Authors: Kaewket Keerakit , Janphuang Pattanaphong , Laohana Peerawat , Tanapongpisit Nantawat , Saenrang Wittawat , Ngamchuea Kamonwad 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSilver microelectrode arrays are fabricated by photolithography for a one‐step analysis of H2O2 in low ionic strength samples. The effects of electrode length, width, band‐to‐band separation, connection height, and adhesion layer are evaluated. The developed sensor shows excellent repeatability (RSD=1.20 % (n=5)) and reproducibility (RSD=1.12 % (n=5)) with the linear range of 0.0–10.0 mM, the sensitivity of 9.84±0.34 μA mM−1, and the detection limit of 22.69 μM. The sensor has been successfully applied to detect H2O2 directly without the addition of supporting electrolyte in synthetic urine, tap water, drinking water, and milk samples.
A freestanding, hierarchically porous poly(imine dioxime) membrane enabling selective gold recovery from e‐waste with unprecedented capacity
Authors: Li Huaimeng , Ye Mengxiang , Fu Zhen , Zhang Haimin , Wang Guozhong , Zhang Yunxia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe ever‐growing depletion of precious metals in modern electronic industry necessitates unremitting exploitation of novel materials for gold recovery from e‐waste. Herein, a freestanding poly(imine dioxime) (PIDO) membrane has been successfully fabricated for highly efficient recovery of gold from e‐waste. The consummate integration of abundant binding sites and hierarchically porous architecture renders the resulting PIDO membrane with a record‐breaking uptake capacity (9250 mg g−1) toward gold, fast adsorption equilibrium time, as well as satisfactory regeneration and reusability. Furthermore, PIDO membrane is also well competent for selective gold recovery from waste central processing unit leachate with remarkable efficiency (>99%). Considering high recovery efficiency, outstanding selectivity, and simple/scalable production process, the proposed PIDO membrane will hold huge prospect in the sustainable recovery of gold from e‐waste.image
Pharmaceuticals in the Aquatic Environment: No Answers Yet to the Major Questions
Authors: Sumpter John P. , Johnson Andrew C. , Runnalls Tamsin J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment, especially the aquatic environment, has received a lot of attention in the last 20 plus years. Despite that attention, the two most important questions regarding pharmaceuticals in the environment still cannot be answered. It is not possible to put the threat posed by pharmaceuticals into perspective with the many other threats (stressors) facing aquatic organisms, such as low flows due to over-abstraction of water, inhibited passage of migratory species due to dams and weirs, diseases, algal blooms causing low oxygen levels and releasing toxins, eutrophication, climate change, and so on. Nor is it possible to identify which pharmaceuticals are of concern and which are not. Not only can these key questions not be answered presently, they have received extremely little attention, despite being identified 10 years ago as the two most important questions to answer. That situation must change if resources and expertise are to be effectively used to protect the environment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:589–594. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Selenium Distribution and Trophic Transfer in the Periphyton–Benthic Macroinvertebrate Food Chain in Boreal Lakes Downstream from a Milling Operation
Authors: Peixoto Mendes Maira , Cupe-Flores Beatriz , Liber Karsten 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient with a narrow essentiality-toxicity range known to bioaccumulate in aquatic food webs. Selenium uptake and trophic transfer at the base of aquatic food chains represent a great source of uncertainty for Se risk assessment. The goal of the present study was to investigate Se distribution in water and sediment and its subsequent transfer into the periphyton–benthic macroinvertebrate (BMI) food chain in boreal lakes downstream from a Saskatchewan uranium mill. In particular, the present study aimed to assess potential differences in Se bioaccumulation patterns by BMI taxa to contribute to the current knowledge gap. During summer 2018 and 2019, water, sediment, periphyton, and BMI were sampled at two sites in Vulture Lake, seven sites in McClean Lake east basin, and one reference site in McClean Lake west basin. Periphyton and BMI taxa were sampled with artificial substrates (Hester-Dendy) deployed for 5 weeks in 2018 and 7 weeks in 2019; BMI were sorted into the lowest practical achievable taxonomic level and analyzed for total Se concentrations. At the diluted effluent exposure sites, Se concentrations in BMI ranged from 1.3 to 18.0 µg/g dry weight and from 0.3 to 49.3 µg/g dry weight in 2018 and 2019, respectively, whereas concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 3.5 µg/g dry weight at the reference site. Selenium concentrations in periphyton and some BMI taxa sampled near the effluent diffuser (Se &lt; 1 µg/L) reached levels comparable to higher effluent exposure sites (Se &gt; 2 µg/L). Despite differences in Se bioaccumulation among BMI taxa, an approximately one-to-one trophic transfer ratio was observed for benthic primary consumers and benthic predatory taxa. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2181–2192. © 2022 SETAC
BeeGUTS—A Toxicokinetic–Toxicodynamic Model for the Interpretation and Integration of Acute and Chronic Honey Bee Tests
Authors: Baas Jan , Goussen Benoit , Miles Mark , Preuss Thomas G. , Roessink Ivo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Understanding the survival of honey bees after pesticide exposure is key for environmental risk assessment. Currently, effects on adult honey bees are assessed by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development standardized guidelines, such as the acute and chronic oral exposure and acute contact exposure tests. The three different tests are interpreted individually, without consideration that the same compound is investigated in the same species, which should allow for an integrative assessment. In the present study we developed, calibrated, and validated a toxicokinetic–toxicodynamic model with 17 existing data sets on acute and chronic effects for honey bees. The model is based on the generalized unified threshold model for survival (GUTS), which is able to integrate the different exposure regimes, taking into account the physiology of the honey bee: the BeeGUTS model. The model is able to accurately describe the effects over time for all three exposure routes combined within one consistent framework. The model can also be used as a validity check for toxicity values used in honey bee risk assessment and to conduct effect assessments for real-life exposure scenarios. This new integrative approach, moving from single-point estimates of toxicity and exposure to a holistic link between exposure and effect, will allow for a higher confidence of honey bee toxicity assessment in the future. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2193–2201. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Age of information and energy efficiency of amplify‐and‐forward relay‐assisted Internet of Things with nonlinear energy harvesting and imperfect channel state information over Nakagami‐ fading channels
Authors: Jia Xiangdong , Guo Yixuan , Hao Zhenchao , Cao Shengnan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe emergence of the fifth generation of communication networks (5G) has paved the way for the fast development of Internet of Things (IoT) as well as many real‐time and mission‐critical applications. Because the status update required to be as timely as possible, a new metric termed as age of information (AoI) was born with the ability of capturing the timeliness. However, in practical implementation the sensor is energy constrained and transmits very low‐power signals, which yield high AoI so that the received status update can be stale or even outdated. To overcome this problem, this work proposes an IoT system model by integrating energy harvesting (EH), amplify‐and‐forward (AF) relay cooperation, and short packet communication (SPC) techniques. In the proposed scheme, the relay that is connected to fixed power grid, transfers energy radio frequency signals to charge the sensor and assists forwarding status update by using time switching scheme. The employment of SPC overcomes the freshness loss caused by relay cooperation and EH. Then, this work investigates the AoI and energy efficiency of the proposed scheme under finite block length communications over Nakagami‐fading channels by specially considering channel state information (CSI) and nonlinear EH model. Under these practical constraints, the tractable AF relay transmission model and the end‐to‐end approximated signal‐to‐noise ratio are found. The end‐to‐end block error probability of finite block length transmission is derived, too. Third, under the simultaneous consideration of nonlinear EH and outdated CSI, the statistical descriptions of the time duration for the sensor fully charging its battery are derived as well as the ones of the time intervals of update packet delivery. As a result, the average AoI is achieved with closed‐form expression and the tradeoff model of AoI to energy efficiency is established by simultaneously exploiting outdated CSIs and nonlinearity of EH circuit. The presented numerical analysis exploits the impact of the outdated CSIs and nonlinear EH model and gives the insights of such model.
Microglial response promotes neurodegeneration in the Ndufs4 KO mouse model of Leigh syndrome
Authors: Aguilar Kevin , Comes Gemma , Canal Carla , Quintana Albert , Sanz Elisenda , Hidalgo Juan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLeigh syndrome is a mitochondrial disease characterized by neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and early death. Mice lacking NDUFS4, a mitochondrial complex I subunit (Ndufs4 KO mice), have been established as a good animal model for studying human pathology associated with Leigh syndrome. As the disease progresses, there is an increase in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation, thereby leading to deteriorating neurological symptoms, including motor deficits, breathing alterations, and eventually, death of the animal. However, despite the magnitude of neuroinflammation associated with brain lesions, the role of neuroinflammatory pathways and their main cellular components have not been addressed directly as relevant players in the disease pathology. Here, we investigate the role of microglial cells, the main immune cells of the CNS, in Leigh‐like syndrome pathology, by pharmacologically depleting them using the colony‐stimulating factor 1 receptor antagonist PLX3397. Microglial depletion extended lifespan and delayed motor symptoms in Ndufs4 KO mice, likely by preventing neuronal loss. Next, we investigated the role of the major cytokine interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) in the disease progression. IL‐6 deficiency partially rescued breathing abnormalities and modulated gliosis but did not extend the lifespan or rescue motor decline in Ndufs4 KO mice. The present results show that microglial accumulation is pathogenic, in a process independent of IL‐6, and hints toward a contributing role of neuroinflammation in the disease of Ndufs4 KO mice and potentially in patients with Leigh syndrome.
A theory of fiscal policy response to an epidemic
Authors: Pang Yu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGovernments worldwide have issued massive amounts of debt to inject fiscal stimulus during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This paper analyzes fiscal responses to an epidemic, in which interactions at work increase the risk of disease and mortality. Fiscal policies, which are designed to borrow against the future and provide transfers to individuals suffering economic hardship, can facilitate consumption smoothing while reduce hours worked and hence mitigate infections. We examine the optimal fiscal policy and characterize the condition under which fiscal policy improves social welfare. We then extend the model analyzing the static and dynamic pecuniary externalities under scale economies—the decrease in labor supply during the epidemic lowers the contemporaneous average wage rate while enhances the post‐epidemic workforce health and productivity. We suggest that fiscal policy may not work effectively unless the government coordinates working time, and the optimal size of public debt is affected by production technology and disease severity and transmissibility.
Feasibility of robotic thyroidectomy via hairline incision using da Vinci single port system: Initial experience with 40 consecutive cases
Authors: Kim Tae‐Koon , Seo Minjung , Park Seol Hoon , Kim Jin Il , Kim Soon Joon , Kim Jae Hyun , Kim Yong Han , Han Myung Woul 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to introduce our robotic technique, which can minimize dissection extent using the da Vinci SP robotic system via hairline incision.MethodsForty patients underwent robotic thyroidectomy using the da Vinci SP robotic system via a hairline incision between February 2020 and April 2021 at Ulsan University Hospital. All procedures were performed successfully by one surgeon using the SP robotic system.ResultsHemithyroidectomies were performed in 32 patients and total thyroidectomies in eight patients. Central neck dissection was performed in 32 patients. The overall mean operative time was 140.2 ± 50.7 min, and the mean console time was 74.0 ± 42.7 min. All patients were discharged on the second or third day after operation without any complications.ConclusionsRobotic thyroidectomy using the SP robotic system via hairline incision is technically feasible and safe, with a shorter incision length when compared with that of the Xi system.
HBV transcription and translation persist despite viral suppression in HBV‐HIV co‐infected patients on antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Lisker‐Melman Mauricio , Wahed Abdus S. , Ghany Marc G. , Chung Raymond T. , King Wendy C. , Kleiner David E. , Bhan Atul K. , Khalili Mandana , Jain Mamta K. , Sulkowski Mark , Wong David K. , Cloherty Gavin , Sterling Richard K. 
Published: June 2022

Background and aims:
Liver injury may persist in patients with HBV receiving antiviral therapy who have ongoing transcription and translation. We sought to assess ongoing HBV transcription by serum HBV RNA, translation by serum hepatitis B core related antigen (HBcrAg), and their associations with hepatic HBsAg and HBcAg staining in patients coinfected with HBV and HIV.

Methods:
This is a cross‐sectional study of 110 adults coinfected with HBV and HIV who underwent clinical assessment and liver biopsy. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed for HBsAg and HBcAg. Viral biomarkers included quantitative HBsAg, HBV RNA, and HBcrAg.

Results:
Participants’ median age was 49 years (male, 93%; Black, 51%; HBeAg+, 65%), with suppressed HBV DNA (79%) and undetectable HIV RNA (77%) on dually active antiretroviral therapy. Overall, HBV RNA and HBcrAg were quantifiable in 81% and 83%, respectively (96% and 100% in HBeAg+, respectively). HBcAg staining was detected in 60% and HBsAg in 79%. Higher HBV RNA was associated with higher HBcAg and HBsAg IHC grades (both p < 0.0001). The HBsAg membranous staining pattern was significantly associated with higher HBV‐RNA and HBcrAg levels.

Conclusion:
HBcAg and HBsAg IHC staining persisted despite viral suppression, and IHC grades and staining patterns correlated with markers of transcription (HBV RNA) and translation (HBcrAg). These data indicate that apparent HBV suppression is associated with residual transcription and translation that could contribute to liver pathology. Additional antiviral strategies directed to HBV protein expression may be useful to ameliorate liver injury.
Prevalence and characteristics of advocacy curricula in Australian public health degrees
Authors: Bhatti Alexandra J. , Lin Sophia , Post Dannielle , Baldock Katherine , Dawes Nathan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPublic health advocacy is a fundamental part of health promotion practice. Advocacy efforts can lead to healthier public policies and positive impacts on society. Public health educators are responsible for equipping graduates with cross‐cutting advocacy competencies to address current and future public health challenges.ProblemKnowledge of the extent to which students are taught public health advocacy is limited. To determine whether advocacy teaching within public health degrees matches industry needs, knowledge of pedagogical approaches to advocacy curricula is required. This study sought to understand the extent to which advocacy is taught and assessed within Australian public health degrees.MethodologyAustralian public health Bachelor's and Master's degrees were identified using the CRICOS database. Open‐source online unit guides were reviewed to determine where and how advocacy was included within core and elective units (in title, unit description or learning outcomes). Degree directors and convenors of identified units were surveyed to further garner information about advocacy in the curriculum.ResultsOf 65 identified degrees, 17 of 26 (65%) undergraduate degrees and 24 of 39 (62%) postgraduate degrees included advocacy within the core curriculum, while 6 of 26 (23%) undergraduate and 8 of 39 (21%) postgraduate offered no advocacy curriculum.ImplicationsAustralian and international public health competency frameworks indicate advocacy curriculum should be included in all degrees. This research suggests advocacy competencies are not ubiquitous within Australian public health curricula. The findings support the need to advance public health advocacy teaching efforts further.
Characterization of Cross nanofluid based on infinite shear rate viscosity with inclination of magnetic dipole over a three‐dimensional bidirectional stretching sheet
Authors: Darvesh Adil , Altamirano Gilder C. , Sánchez‐Chero Manuel , Sánchez‐Chero José Antonio , Seminario‐Morales María‐Verónica , Alvarez Marcos T. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFluid viscosity manages several engineering processes and keeps its leading role in lubrication models, biological models, polymer processes, melt solutions, colloidal suspensions, and mayonnaise. The cross viscosity model is the most appropriate model, which interprets the key features of non‐Newtonian fluids in the region of shear‐thinning/thickening when very high and very low shear rates are applied. This article focuses on the mathematical model of three‐dimensional Cross nanofluid and interprets its aspect of infinite shear rate of viscosity over the expanding sheet. Velocity is studied through placing inclined magnetic dipole effect, transportation phenomenon is brought by considering the radiation effects, heat generation and chemical process is engaged for concentration of nanoparticles. The geometry of this mathematical model is expanding the stretching sheet with velocity slip, and convective heat conditions are associated. Similarity variables are being utilized for conversion dimensional mathematical model into nondimensional one. For the pursuit of numerical solution of the system of nondimensional mathematical model, the numerical technique Bvp4c is utilized. Furthermore, Matlab graphs and statistical analysis for all physical parameters and physical quantities are shown in the result and debate section. Due to inclination of angle Lorentz force producing in increasing manner, hence flow is opposed, and velocity of fluid is dropped for () and () and for increasing value of n index, the velocity of fluid flow is decreasing.