bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PALD encoding a lipid droplet‐associated protein is critical for the accumulation of lipid droplets and pollen longevity in Arabidopsis
Authors: Li Fei , Han Xiao , Guan Huan , Xu Mei Chen , Dong Yu Xiu , Gao Xin‐Qi 
Published: March 2022

Summary

Pollen longevity is critical for plant pollination and hybrid seed production, but few studies have focused on pollen longevity.

In this study, we identified an Arabidopsis thaliana gene, Protein associated with lipid droplets (PALD), which is strongly expressed in pollen and critical for the regulation of pollen longevity.

PALD was expressed specifically in mature pollen grains and the pollen tube, and its expression was upregulated under dry conditions. PALD encoded a lipid droplet (LD)‐associated protein and its N terminus was critical for the LD localization of PALD. The number of LDs and diameter were reduced in pollen grains of the loss‐of‐function PALD mutants. The viability and germination of the mature pollen grains of the pald mutants were comparable with those of the wild‐type, but after the pollen grains were stored under dry conditions, pollen germination and male transmission of the mutant were compromised compared with those of the wild‐type.

Our study suggests that PALD was required for the maintenance of LD quality in mature pollen grains and regulation of pollen longevity.
Perception as controlled hallucination
Authors: Tiehen Justin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract“Perception is controlled hallucination,” according to proponents of predictive processing accounts of vision. I say they are right that something like this is a consequence of their view but wrong in how they have pursued the idea. The focus of my counterproposal is the causal theory of perception, which I develop in terms of a productive concept of causation. Cases of what otherwise seem like successful perception are instead mere veridical hallucination if predictive processing accounts are correct, I argue, because of the role played within such accounts by absences, which cannot enter into productive causal relations. I offer two arguments in support of the productive theory of perception. The first is loosely Kantian, focusing on the role that receptivity and spontaneity play in perception. The second focuses on what perception and hallucination have in common. I conclude with a series of objections and replies.
Translating scholars: Theorizing modern South Asian ‘Ulama’ studies
Authors: Mian Ali Altaf 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe are witnessing an exciting renaissance in scholarship on modern South Asian Muslim religious scholars (‘ulama’). This article examines how this new scholarship repositions earlier academic conversations in distinctive ways to make several signal moves: (a) centering the political (particularly the theme of sovereignty); (b) complexifying the study of religious authority by attention to textuality, embodiment, and internal criticism; and finally (c) taking the transnational turn and tracing ‘ulama’ communities in the South Asian diaspora. The article also considers the public scholarship of three academics who have begun asking the question: What are the ethics and politics of translating ‘ulama’ life‐worlds beyond the etic‐emic and secular‐religious frameworks?
Replacing Sedentary Behavior With Physical Activity of Different Intensities: Implications for Physical Function, Muscle Function, and Disability in Octogenarians Living in Long-Term Care Facilities
Authors: del Pozo-Cruz Jesus , Irazusta Jon , Rodriguez-Larrad Ana , Alfonso-Rosa Rosa M. , Álvarez-Barbosa Francisco , Raimundo Armando , Ferreira Soraia , Rezola-Pardo Chloe , del Pozo Cruz Borja 
Published: March 2022

Background: We investigated the associations of replacing sedentary behavior (SB) with physical activity of different intensities on the physical function of octogenarians living in long-term care facilities. Methods: This pooled study recruited 427 older adults aged 80 years and older (69.1% female; body mass index: 27.53). For 345 participants who provided valid data, we assessed device-measured time spent in SB, light-intensity physical activity (LIPA), and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). We assessed lower limb physical function, strength, mobility, and disability. We used compositional data analysis to investigate the associations of replacing SB with physical activity on the outcomes. Results: Reallocation of SB to LIPA and MVPA was associated with a higher number of 30-second Chair Stand cycles (LIPA: +0.21, MVPA: +1.81; P < .001), greater peak force (LIPA: +11.96 N, MVPA: +27.68 N; P < .001), peak power (LIPA: +35.82 W, MVPA: +92.73 W; P < .001), peak velocity (LIPA: +0.03 m/s, MVPA: +0.12 m/s; P < .001), higher levels of grip strength (LIPA: +0.68 kg, MVPA: +2.49 kg; P < .001), and less time in the Time Up and Go (LIPA: −7.63 s, MVPA: −12.43 s; P < .001). Conclusions: Replacing SB with LIPA or MVPA is associated with physical function and disability of older adults living in long-term care facilities.
Gravity field aspects for identification of cosmic impact structures on Earth
Authors: Klokočník* Jaroslav , Bezděk* Aleš , Kostelecký* Jan 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
We studied the following proven as well as hypothetical impact craters (among others), and some of the relevant results are reviewed in this chapter: (1) a hypothetical impact structure in Saginaw Bay, Great Lakes, Michigan; (2) a putative impact crater basin under the ice of Antarctica in Wilkes Land; (3) two recently discovered subglacial impact craters in Greenland; (4) a possible huge impact crater in Kotuykanskaya in a remote area of Siberia near the proven impact crater Popigai; and (5) a hypothetical impact object Burckle on the bottom of the Indian Ocean. They were tested using the gravity data derived from the recent gravity field model EIGEN 6C4 (with ground resolution of ~9 km). Our method is novel; we introduce gravity aspects (descriptors) to augment traditional gravity anomalies. The following gravity aspects were used: (a) gravity disturbances/anomalies, (b) second derivatives of the disturbing potential (the Marussi tensor), (c) two of three gravity invariants, (d) their specific ratio (known as 2D factor), (e) strike angles, and (f) virtual deformations. These gravity aspects are sensitive in various ways to the underground density contrasts. They describe the underground structures (not only the craters) more carefully and in more detail than the traditional gravity anomalies could do alone. Our results support geological evidence of the impact craters found by others in many cases or suggest new impact places for further study.
The Buckskin-Rawhide and northern Plomosa Mountains metamorphic core complexes, west-central Arizona, USA
Authors: Singleton* John S. , Seymour Nikki M. , Strickland Evan D. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
The Buckskin-Rawhide and northern Plomosa Mountains in west-central Arizona are metamorphic core complexes that record NE-directed, large-magnitude extension in the early to middle Miocene. Both core complexes consist of mylonites exposed in the footwall of corrugated, low-angle detachment faults. The Late Cretaceous Orocopia Schist and early Miocene intrusions dominate the mylonitic footwall of the northern Plomosa Mountains. The Orocopia Schist was emplaced during low-angle subduction of the Farallon plate and exhibits the hallmarks of the underplated Laramide subduction complexes, including blocks of metasomatized peridotite encased in quartzofeldspathic schist. In the Buckskin-Rawhide Mountains, carbonate-rich metasedimentary rocks that were buried to midcrustal depths by Mesozoic thrust faults preferentially absorbed Miocene footwall strain and localized the Buckskin detachment fault. A correlation between distinct granodiorite in the footwall of the Buckskin detachment fault in the eastern Bouse Hills and a hanging-wall conglomerate sourced from this granodiorite provides constraints on middle Miocene displacement across the detachment fault and indicates that displacement increased northeastward in the slip direction. The termination of slip on the Buckskin detachment fault also younged northeastward, largely ending by ca. 19 Ma in the western Bouse Hills and ca. 17 Ma in the westernmost Buckskin Mountains, but continuing to &lt;16 Ma in the southern Buckskin Mountains and to ca. 12 Ma in the eastern Buckskin Mountains. Late stages of slip on the detachment fault record minor NW-SE shortening during amplification of corrugation folds. Postdetachment faulting across the region was dominated by dextral and oblique-dextral slip on NW-striking faults influenced by the Pacific–North America plate boundary. Locations visited on this three-day field trip highlight the structural evolution of these metamorphic core complexes.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of human-centred design for global health interventions: a quantitative framework
Authors: Liu Chen , Lee Jae Hyoung , Gupta Amanda J , Tucker Austin , Larkin Chris , Turimumahoro Patricia , Katamba Achilles , Davis J Lucian , Dowdy David 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionHuman-centred design (HCD) is a problem-solving approach that is increasingly used to develop new global health interventions. However, there is often a large initial cost associated with HCD, and global health decision-makers would benefit from an improved understanding of the cost-effectiveness of HCD, particularly the trade-offs between the up-front costs of design and the long-term costs of delivering health interventions.MethodsWe developed a quantitative framework from a health systems perspective to illustrate the conditions under which HCD-informed interventions are likely to be cost-effective, taking into consideration five elements: cost of HCD, per-client intervention cost, anticipated number of clients reached, anticipated incremental per-client health benefit (ie, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) averted) and willingness-to-pay. We evaluated several combinations of fixed and implementation cost scenarios based on the estimated costs of an HCD-informed approach to tuberculosis (TB) contact investigation in Uganda over a 2-year period to illustrate the use of this framework.ResultsThe cost-effectiveness of HCD-informed TB contact investigation in Uganda was estimated to vary from US$8400 (2400 clients reached, lower HCD cost estimate) to US$306 000 per DALY averted (120 clients reached, baseline HCD cost estimate). In our model, cost-effectiveness was improved further when the interventions were expected to have wider reach or higher per-client health benefits.ConclusionHCD can be cost-effective when used to inform interventions that are anticipated to reach a large number of clients, or in which the cost of HCD is smaller relative to the cost of delivering the intervention itself.
Inequities in vulnerable children’s access to health services in Australia
Authors: Bull Claudia , Howie Peta , Callander Emily J 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionChildren born into families at risk of becoming or remaining poor are at significant risk of experiencing childhood poverty, which can impair their start to life, and perpetuate intergenerational cycles of poverty. This study sought to quantify health service utilisation, costs and funding distribution amongst children born into vulnerable compared to non-vulnerable families.MethodsThis study used a large linked administrative dataset for all women giving birth in Queensland, Australia between July 2012 and July 2018. Health service use included inpatient, emergency department (ED), general practice, specialist, pathology and diagnostic imaging services. Costs included those paid by public hospital funders, private health insurers, Medicare and out-of-pocket costs.ResultsVulnerable children comprised 34.1% of the study cohort. Compared with non-vulnerable children, they used significantly higher average numbers of ED services during the first 5 years of life (2.52±3.63 vs 1.97±2.77), and significantly lower average numbers of specialist, pathology and diagnostic imaging services. Vulnerable children incurred significantly greater costs to public hospital funders compared with non-vulnerable children over the first 5 years of life ($16 053 vs $10 247), and significantly lower private health insurer, Medicare and out-of-pocket costs.ConclusionThere are clear inequities in vulnerable children’s health service utilisation in Australia. Greater examination of the uptake and cost-effectiveness of maternal and child services is needed, as these services support children’s development in the critical first 1000 days of life.
Prevalence and comorbidity of psychiatric disorders among treatment-seeking elite athletes and high-performance coaches
Authors: Åkesdotter Cecilia , Kenttä Göran , Eloranta Sandra , Håkansson Anders , Franck Johan 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesFew studies have evaluated the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among treatment-seeking elite athletes (EA) or high-performance coaches (HPC) in psychiatric outpatient settings.MethodsDescriptive overview of EA and HPC with psychiatric disorders at two publicly funded psychiatric outpatient treatment clinics in Stockholm and Malmö, Sweden. Co-occurring psychiatric disorders were illustrated using Venn diagrams for EA and HPC, and male and female EA separately, among patients from the Stockholm clinic (SC) that used standardised diagnostic interviews.ResultsOverall, most patients were EA (n=221) compared with HPC (n=34). The mean age was 23.5 (±5.9) years for EA and 42.8 (±8.8) for HPC. Anxiety disorders were most common at the SC in EA and HPC (69% vs 91%, respectively). Stress-related disorders were found in 72% of HPC compared with 25% of EA. Affective disorders were found in 51% of EA and 52% of HPC. Eating disorders were common among EA (26%), especially females (37%). Substance use disorders were found in 17% of HPC. Comorbidity was generally common between affective and anxiety disorders.ConclusionStress and adjustment disorders were found in nearly three of the four HPC compared with one in four EA. Eating disorders were prevalent in around one in four athletes and about one in six HPC had a substance use disorder.
eEF2K promotes PD-L1 stabilization through inactivating GSK3β in melanoma
Authors: Chen Xisha , Wang Kuansong , Jiang Shilong , Sun Hongyin , Che Xuanling , Zhang Minghui , He Jiaying , Wen Ying , Liao Mengting , Li Xiangling , Zhou Xiaoming , Song Jianxun , Ren Xingcong , Yi Wenjun , Yang Jinming , Chen Xiang , Yin Mingzhu , Cheng Yan 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundImmune checkpoint blockade (ICB) targeting programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1)/programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) pathway has become an attractive strategy for cancer treatment; however, unsatisfactory efficacy has limited its clinical benefits. Therefore, a more comprehensive understanding of the regulation of PD-L1 expression is essential for developing more effective cancer immunotherapy. Recent studies have revealed the important roles of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K) in promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, tumor cell migration and invasion; nevertheless, the exact role of eEF2K in the regulation of tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) remains largely unknown.MethodsIn this study, we used a cohort of 38 patients with melanoma who received anti-PD-1 treatment to explore the association between eEF2K expression and immunotherapy efficacy against melanoma. Immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry analysis and in vitro assays were used to examine the role and molecular mechanism of eEF2K in regulating PD-L1 expression. We also determined the effects of eEF2K on tumor growth and cytotoxicity of CD8+T cells in TIME in a mouse melanoma model. We further investigated the efficacy of the eEF2K inhibition in combination with anti-PD-1 treatment in vivo.ResultsHigh eEF2K expression is correlated with better therapeutic response and longer survival in patients with melanoma treated with PD-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb). Moreover, eEF2K protein expression is positively correlated with PD-L1 protein expression. Mechanistically, eEF2K directly bound to and inactivated glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) by phosphorylating it at serine 9 (S9), leading to PD-L1 protein stabilization and upregulation, and subsequently tumor immune evasion. Knockdown of eEF2K decreased PD-L1 expression and enhanced CD8+T cell activity, thus dramatically attenuating murine B16F10 melanoma growth in vivo. Clinically, p-GSK3β/S9 expression is positively correlated with the expressions of eEF2K and PD-L1, and the response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Furthermore, eEF2K inhibitor, NH125 treatment or eEF2K knockdown enhanced the efficacy of PD-1 mAb therapy in a melanoma mouse model.ConclusionsOur results suggest that eEF2K may serve as a biomarker for predicting therapeutic response and prognosis in patients receiving anti-PD-1 therapy, reveal a vital role of eEF2K in regulating TIME by controlling PD-L1 expression and provide a potential combination therapeutic strategy of eEF2K inhibition with ICB therapy.
Smoking, alcohol consumption and disease-specific outcomes in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs): systematic reviews informing the 2021 EULAR recommendations for lifestyle improvements in people with RMDs
Authors: Wieczorek Maud , Gwinnutt James Martin , Ransay-Colle Maxime , Balanescu Andra , Bischoff-Ferrari Heike , Boonen Annelies , Cavalli Giulio , de Souza Savia , de Thurah Annette , Dorner Thomas Ernst , Moe Rikke Helene , Putrik Polina , Rodríguez-Carrio Javier , Silva-Fernández Lucía , Stamm Tanja A , Walker-Bone Karen , Welling Joep , Zlatkovic-Svenda Mirjana , Verstappen Suzanne MM , Guillemin Francis 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundA EULAR taskforce was convened to develop recommendations for lifestyle behaviours in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs). The aim of this paper was to review the literature on the relationship between smoking and alcohol consumption with regard to RMD-specific outcomes.MethodsTwo systematic reviews were conducted to identify systematic reviews and meta-analyses, published between 2013 and 2018, related to smoking and alcohol consumption in seven RMDs: osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus, axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), systemic sclerosis (SSc) and gout. Two additional systematic reviews were performed to identify original longitudinal studies on smoking and alcohol consumption and disease-specific outcomes.ResultsNine reviews and 65 original studies on smoking as well as two reviews and 14 original studies on alcohol consumption met the inclusion criteria. While most studies were moderate/poor quality, smoking was significantly associated with poorer outcomes: cardiovascular comorbidity; poorer response to RA treatment; higher disease activity and severity in early RA; axSpA radiographic progression. Results were heterogeneous for OA while there was limited evidence for PsA, SSc and gout. Available studies on alcohol mainly focused on RA, reporting a positive association between alcohol intake and radiographic progression. Five studies assessed alcohol consumption in gout, reporting a significant association between the number and type of alcoholic beverages and the occurrence of flares.ConclusionCurrent literature supports that smoking has a negative impact on several RMD-specific outcomes and that moderate or high alcohol consumption is associated with increased risk of flares in RA and gout.
VPRBP Functions Downstream of the Androgen Receptor and OGT to Restrict p53 Activation in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Poulose Ninu , Forsythe Nicholas , Polonski Adam , Gregg Gemma , Maguire Sarah , Fuchs Marc , Minner Sarah , Sauter Guido , McDade Simon S. , Mills Ian G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Androgen receptor (AR) is a major driver of prostate cancer initiation and progression. O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), the enzyme that catalyzes the covalent addition of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) to serine and threonine residues of proteins, is often highly expressed in prostate cancer with its expression correlated with high Gleason score. In this study, we have identified an AR and OGT coregulated factor, Vpr (HIV-1) binding protein (VPRBP) also known as DDB1 and CUL4 Associated Factor 1 (DCAF1). We show that VPRBP is regulated by the AR at the transcript level, and stabilized by OGT at the protein level. VPRBP knockdown in prostate cancer cells led to a significant decrease in cell proliferation, p53 stabilization, nucleolar fragmentation, and increased p53 recruitment to the chromatin. In human prostate tumor samples, VPRBP protein overexpression correlated with AR amplification, OGT overexpression, a shorter time to postoperative biochemical progression and poor clinical outcome. In clinical transcriptomic data, VPRBP expression was positively correlated with the AR and also with AR activity gene signatures.

Implications:
In conclusion, we have shown that VPRBP/DCAF1 promotes prostate cancer cell proliferation by restraining p53 activation under the influence of the AR and OGT.
Soil physical properties and slope stability in Serra do Mar, southeastern Brazil
Authors: Coelho Rebeca Durço , Gramani Marcelo Fischer , Vieira Bianca Carvalho 
Published: March 2022

Soil physical properties play an important role in landslide rupture mechanisms, since changes in soil texture, structure, and porosity can affect slope permeability. This study characterized a granitic weathering profile and assessed the changes in the properties of the materials related to the main mechanisms that trigger landslides. The study identified three layers with distinctive particularities in macromorphological and micromorphological terms: mature residual soil (well-developed), young residual soil (saprolitic soil), and saprolite. Morphological characterization was carried out in addition to textural analysis, and soil porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) tests. The weathering profile presented clear differences in morphology, pore size and soil texture, which could indicate distinct weathering grades. The results suggested that continuous heavy rainfall could contribute to the increase in pore-water pressure between mature residual soil and young residual soil, favoring the occurrence of slope failure.