bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simplified Kripke Semantics for K45-Like Gödel Modal Logics and Its Axiomatic Extensions
Authors: Rodriguez Ricardo Oscar , Tuyt Olim Frits , Esteva Francesc , Godo Lluís 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper we provide a simplified, possibilistic semantics for the logics K45(G), i.e. a many-valued counterpart of the classical modal logic K45 over the [0, 1]-valued Gödel fuzzy logic $$\mathbf{G}$$
G
. More precisely, we characterize K45(G) as the set of valid formulae of the class of possibilistic Gödel frames $$\langle W, \pi \rangle $$

⟨
W
,
π
⟩

, where W is a non-empty set of worlds and $$\pi : W \mathop {\rightarrow }[0,1]$$

π
:
W
→
[
0
,
1
]

is a possibility distribution on W. We provide decidability results as well. Moreover, we show that all the results also apply to the extension of K45(G) with the axiom (D), provided that we restrict ourselves to normalised Gödel Kripke frames, i.e. frames $$\langle W, \pi \rangle $$

⟨
W
,
π
⟩

where $$\pi $$
π
satisfies the normalisation condition $$\sup _{w \in W} \pi (w) = 1$$

sup

w
∈
W

π

(
w
)

=
1

.
A new species, new host records and life cycle data for lepocreadiids (Digenea) of pomacentrid fishes from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia
Authors: Duong Berilin , Cutmore Scott C. , Cribb Thomas H. , Pitt Kylie A. , Wee Nicholas Q.-X. , Bray Rodney A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA new species of lepocreadiid, Opechonoides opisthoporusn. sp., is described infecting 12 pomacentrid fish species from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, with Abudefduf whitleyi Allen & Robertson as the type-host. This taxon differs from the only other known member of the genus, Opechonoides gure Yamaguti, 1940, in the sucker width ratio, cirrus-sac length, position of the testes, position of the pore of Laurer’s canal, and relative post-testicular distance. The new species exhibits stenoxenic host-specificity, infecting pomacentrids from seven genera: Abudefduf Forsskål, Amphiprion Bloch & Schneider, Neoglyphidodon Allen, Neopomacentrus Allen, Plectroglyphidodon Fowler & Ball, Pomacentrus Lacépède and Stegastes Jenyns. Phylogenetic analyses of 28S rDNA sequence data demonstrate that O. opisthoporusn. sp. forms a strongly supported clade with Prodistomum orientale (Layman, 1930) Bray & Gibson, 1990. The life cycle of this new species is partly elucidated on the basis of ITS2 rDNA sequence data; intermediate hosts are shown to be three species of Ctenophora. New host records and molecular data are reported for Lepocreadium oyabitcha Machida, 1984 and Lepotrema amblyglyphidodonis Bray, Cutmore & Cribb, 2018, and new molecular data are provided for Lepotrema acanthochromidis Bray, Cutmore & Cribb, 2018 and Lepotrema adlardi (Bray, Cribb & Barker, 1993) Bray & Cribb, 1996. Novel cox1 mtDNA sequence data showed intraspecific geographical structuring between Heron Island and Lizard Island for L. acanthochromidis but not for L. adlardi or O. opisthoporusn. sp.
Agile, Institutionalised, and Dependency-driven: Multifaceted Forms of the Collaboration Agency of Third-sector Organisations
Authors: Tuurnas Sanna , Paananen Henna , Tynkkynen Liina-Kaisa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the collaboration between public and third-sector organisations (TSOs) in the framework of collaborative governance. We examined how TSOs portray their collaboration with public organisations and what kind of collaboration agency can be identified based on these descriptions. Using a discourse analytical approach, we identified three multifaceted, and somewhat paradoxical, types of collaboration agency discourse in third-sector organisations: situationalised, service system–oriented, and dependency-driven. We argue that collaborative governance both sets expectations and shapes the agency of TSOs. At the same time, TSOs strategically use these opportunities to their advantage, constantly reshaping their collaboration with public organisations.
Social mining for sustainable cities: thematic study of gender-based violence coverage in news articles and domestic violence in relation to COVID-19
Authors: Manzoor Muhammad Asad , Hassan Saeed-Ul , Muazzam Amina , Tuarob Suppawong , Nawaz Raheel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe argue that social computing and its diverse applications can contribute to the attainment of sustainable development goals (SDGs)—specifically to the SDGs concerning gender equality and empowerment of all women and girls, and to make cities and human settlements inclusive. To achieve the above goals for the sustainable growth of societies, it is crucial to study gender-based violence (GBV) in a smart city context, which is a common component of violence across socio-economic groups globally. This paper analyzes the nature of news articles reported in English newspapers of Pakistan, India, and the UK—accumulating 12,693 gender-based violence-related news articles. For the qualitative textual analysis, we employ Latent Dirichlet allocation for topic modeling and propose a Doc2Vec based word-embeddings model to classify gender-based violence-related content, called GBV2Vec. Further, by leveraging GBV2Vec, we also build an online tool that analyzes the sensitivity of Gender-based violence-related content from the textual data. We run a case study on GBV concerning COVID-19 by feeding the data collected through Google News API. Finally, we show different news reporting trends and the nature of the gender-based violence committed during the testing times of COVID-19. The approach and the toolkit that this paper proposes will be of great value to decision-makers and human rights activists, given the prompt and coordinated performance against gender-based violence in smart city context—and can contribute to the achievement of SDGs for sustainable growth of human societies.
Modellierung der Struktur der Variablenkontrollstrategie und Abbildung von Veränderungen in der Grundschule
Authors: Brandenburger Martina , Salim Cem Aydin , Schwichow Martin , Wilbers Jens , Mikelskis-Seifert Silke 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Variablenkontrolle ist bei der Planung und Durchführung von Experimenten von besonderer Bedeutung, weil sie eindeutige Aussagen über Beziehungen zwischen Ursache und Wirkung zulässt. Ihre Anwendung ist daher ein eigenständiges Lernziel des naturwissenschaftlichen Sachunterrichts und Gegenstand zahlreicher empirischer Studien. Entsprechende Fähigkeiten werden unter dem Begriff Variablenkontrollstrategie (VKS) zusammengefasst und beinhalten die vier Teilfähigkeiten: 1) Planung kontrollierter Experimente, 2) Identifizierung kontrollierter Experimente, 3) Interpretation der Ergebnisse kontrollierter Experimente und 4) Verständnis der fehlenden Aussagekraft unkontrollierter Experimente. Bisherige Studien zeigen starke positive Veränderungen bezüglich der VKS während der Grundschulzeit. Allerdings erfassen sie oft nur eine Teilfähigkeit bzw. differenzieren in ihren Analysen nicht zwischen unterschiedlichen Teilfähigkeiten oder dem Einfluss der Fachkontexte der Aufgaben. Wir haben zur Erfassung der VKS in der Grundschule ein Testinstrument im Multiple-Choice-Format entwickelt, welches Aufgaben zu den Teilfähigkeiten Identifizierung und Interpretation in unterschiedlichen Fachkontexten enthält. Das Instrument wurde in einer Querschnittstudie mitN = 415 Zweit- bis Viertklässler*innen eingesetzt. Entgegen bisherigen Befunden zeigen die Ergebnisse einer Rasch-Analyse eine mehrdimensionale Struktur der VKS entsprechend den Teilfähigkeiten. Die Fachkontexte der Aufgaben haben keinen Einfluss auf die Dimensionalität. Die Schwierigkeitsstruktur von Aufgaben wird durch die angesprochene Teilfähigkeit (Identifizierung ist einfacher als Interpretation) und den gewählten Aufgabentyp (z. B. Wahl der Distraktoren nach Schülervorstellungen) beeinflusst. Darüber hinaus wurde eine unterrichtliche Förderung der VKS untersucht (N = 44), um abzuschätzen, inwiefern das entwickelte Testinstrument erwartete Veränderungen hinsichtlich der VKS abbildet. Die gemessenen Veränderungen werden in diesem Beitrag in Relation zur Querschnittsstudie gesetzt. Abschließend werden die Konsequenzen unserer Befunde für die Messung und Förderung der VKS in der Grundschule diskutiert.
Cooperative Chloride Hydrogel Electrolytes Enabling Ultralow-Temperature Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries by the Hofmeister Effect
Authors: Yan Changyuan , Wang Yangyang , Deng Xianyu , Xu Yonghang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAqueous zinc ion batteries have high potential applicability for energy storage due to their reliable safety, environmental friendliness, and low cost. However, the freezing of aqueous electrolytes limits the normal operation of batteries at low temperatures. Herein, a series of high-performance and low-cost chloride hydrogel electrolytes with high concentrations and low freezing points are developed. The electrochemical windows of the chloride hydrogel electrolytes are enlarged by > 1 V under cryogenic conditions due to the obvious evolution of hydrogen bonds, which highly facilitates the operation of electrolytes at ultralow temperatures, as evidenced by the low-temperature Raman spectroscopy and linear scanning voltammetry. Based on the Hofmeister effect, the hydrogen-bond network of the cooperative chloride hydrogel electrolyte comprising 3 M ZnCl2 and 6 M LiCl can be strongly interrupted, thus exhibiting a sufficient ionic conductivity of 1.14 mS cm−1 and a low activation energy of 0.21 eV at −50 °C. This superior electrolyte endows a polyaniline/Zn battery with a remarkable discharge specific capacity of 96.5 mAh g−1 at −50 °C, while the capacity retention remains ~ 100% after 2000 cycles. These results will broaden the basic understanding of chloride hydrogel electrolytes and provide new insights into the development of ultralow-temperature aqueous batteries.
Femtosecond Laser Thermal Accumulation-Triggered Micro-/Nanostructures with Patternable and Controllable Wettability Towards Liquid Manipulating
Authors: Yin Kai , Wang Lingxiao , Deng Qinwen , Huang Qiaoqiao , Jiang Jie , Li Guoqiang , He Jun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVersatile liquid manipulating surfaces combining patternable and controllable wettability have recently motivated considerable attention owing to their significant advantages in droplet-solid impacting behaviors, microdroplet self-removal, and liquid–liquid interface reaction applications. However, developing a facile and efficient method to fabricate these versatile surfaces remains an enormous challenge. In this paper, a strategy for the fabrication of liquid manipulating surfaces with patternable and controllable wettability on Polyimide (PI) film based on femtosecond laser thermal accumulation engineering is proposed. Because of its controllable micro-/nanostructures and chemical composition through adjusting the local thermal accumulation, the wettability of PI film can be tuned from superhydrophilicity (~ 3.6°) to superhydrophobicity (~ 151.6°). Furthermore, three diverse surfaces with patternable and heterogeneous wettability were constructed and various applications were successfully realized, including water transport, droplet arrays, and liquid wells. This work may provide a facile strategy for achieving patternable and controllable wettability efficiently and developing multifunctional liquid steering surfaces.
Ritual cursing as an oath of submission: The problem of religious difference across Safavid Iran and modern Pakistan
Authors: Saeed Sadia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article undertakes a comparison between Safavid Iran and modern Pakistan with the aim of highlighting the similarities and differences between their respective state projects of crafting ‘Islamic’ polities. The comparison proceeds through a focus on the state-sanctioned practice of ritual cursing of Sunnis and Ahmadis in Safavid Iran and Pakistan respectively. In both cases, the states made extensive legal efforts to mark out these religious Others by vilifying them on charges of heresy and innovation. This article argues that this vilification was oriented towards creating homogeneity among political subjects of the polity, who were required by the state to curse and condemn these religious Others in order to demonstrate their submission to sovereign power. Ritual cursing thus functioned as an oath of submission that was elicited by the state to draw subjects into the project of sacralizing the polity and to discipline them into reproducing the normative order of the sovereign power. There are also significant differences between the two cases that throw light on the historical specificity of different modes of sovereignty in early modern and modern Muslim polities. While Safavid kings sacralized their realm through the diffusion of scriptural law moulded to enhance their own sovereign power, the Pakistani state is engaged in the sacralization of the national body politic through its official religious nationalist ideology.
‘Rahman’ before Muhammad: A pre-history of the First Peace (Sulh) in Islam
Authors: Kjær Sigrid K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article examines how the divine epithet ‘Rahman’ was invoked in public inscriptions and oaths in pre-Islamic Yemen. Between the first and the sixth centuriesce, with the spread of Christianity across the Roman empire and Abyssinia, and the subsequent rise of Jewish and Christian kingdoms in southern Arabia, the use of ‘Rahman’ was gradually biblicized. By tracing this history, this article opens a window into the use of this theonym in the Quran and the controversy surrounding its use in the first formal treaty in Islam, the Peace Treaty (Sulh) of Hudaybiyya.
Effective connectivity during face processing in major depression – distinguishing markers of pathology, risk, and resilience
Authors: Sacu Seda , Wackerhagen Carolin , Erk Susanne , Romanczuk-Seiferth Nina , Schwarz Kristina , Schweiger Janina I. , Tost Heike , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Heinz Andreas , Razi Adeel , Walter Henrik 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAberrant brain connectivity during emotional processing, especially within the fronto-limbic pathway, is one of the hallmarks of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the methodological heterogeneity of previous studies made it difficult to determine the functional and etiological implications of specific alterations in brain connectivity. We previously reported alterations in psychophysiological interaction measures during emotional face processing, distinguishing depressive pathology from at-risk/resilient and healthy states. Here, we extended these findings by effective connectivity analyses in the same sample to establish a refined neural model of emotion processing in depression.MethodsThirty-seven patients with MDD, 45 first-degree relatives of patients with MDD and 97 healthy controls performed a face-matching task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. We used dynamic causal modeling to estimate task-dependent effective connectivity at the subject level. Parametric empirical Bayes was performed to quantify group differences in effective connectivity.ResultsMDD patients showed decreased effective connectivity from the left amygdala and left lateral prefrontal cortex to the fusiform gyrus compared to relatives and controls, whereas patients and relatives showed decreased connectivity from the right orbitofrontal cortex to the left insula and from the left orbitofrontal cortex to the right fusiform gyrus compared to controls. Relatives showed increased connectivity from the anterior cingulate cortex to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex compared to patients and controls.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the depressive state alters top-down control of higher visual regions during face processing. Alterations in connectivity within the cognitive control network present potential risk or resilience mechanisms.
About me, you and her: Personal pronouns are developmentally preceded by mental state language
Authors: SMOLÍK Filip , CHROMÁ Anna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPerson-referring pronouns in the first and second person (I, your) have been viewed as signs of increasing social understanding in children due to their shifting reference properties. However, they are linguistically complex elements and might depend on general language development. We used longitudinal transcript data from Manchester corpus (12 children aged 2 to 3 years) to examine concurrent and predictive relations between pronouns, general language development (MLU), and social understanding (indexed by the use of mental state language). In the key analysis, social understanding but not general language was found to be a developmental precursor of first-, second- and third-person pronoun mastery. Results suggest that social understanding is needed for acquisition of all person reference, not only in first and second person. Results for first- and third-person pronouns were more similar than for second person, suggesting that social-cognitive demands of person reference go beyond shifting reference of first- and second-person.
Chemical Agent Use in Terrorist Events: A Gathering Storm Requiring Enhanced Civilian Preparedness
Authors: Tin Derrick , Ciottone Gregory R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground:The use of chemical weapons in terrorist attacks, though rare, remains a significant challenge and concern due to their ability to inflict mass casualties. Chemical attacks remain a topic of interest for Disaster Medicine (DM) and Counter-Terrorism Medicine (CTM) specialists and are clearly an area in need of enhanced preparedness. This study aims to provide an epidemiological description of all terrorism-related attacks using chemical agents as a primary weapon, sustained from 1970 - 2019. These data will be useful in the development of education programs in CTM and provide an insight into how best to prepare for potential attacks in the future.Methods:Data collection was performed using a retrospective database search through the Global Terrorism Database (GTD). The GTD was searched using the internal database search functions for all events using chemical weapons as a primary attack method from January 1, 1970 - December 31, 2019. Years 2020 and 2021 were not yet available at the time of the study. The GTD also details the specific chemical used, when known, in the summary of incidents. Results were exported into an Excel spreadsheet (Microsoft Corp.; Redmond, Washington USA) for analysis.Results:A total of 292 terrorist attacks involving chemical agents as a primary attack method were recorded from 1970 - 2019, registering 284 deaths and 13,267 injuries. Acid (52) was the most commonly used chemical agent, followed by “unspecified poison” (43), “unknown chemical agents” (29), “unspecified gas” (27), tear gas (27), chlorine gas (24), cyanide (21), mercury (9), pepper spray or mace (9), mustard gas (8), insecticide or 1080 (8), diphenylamine chloroarsine (7), phosphate or phosphorous (3), sodium hydroxide or corrosive liquid (3), sarin (2), “unspecified drugs” (2), VX nerve gas and other nerve gas (2), pesticides (2), cleaning chemicals/paint thinner (2), ammonia (2), anesthesia agent (1), arsenic (1), chlorine and mustard gas mix (1), phenarsazine chloride (1), rat poison (1), unknown irritative gas (1), hydrochloric acid and sodium cyanide mix (1), unknown white powder (1), antiseptic dye (1), and chlorine gas and white phosphorous mix (1).Conclusion:The use of chemical weapons in warfare, though prohibited by the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), remains a rare but concerning terrorist attack methodology. In recent years, there have been more instances where potentially deadly chemicals have been used in civilian settings. Dual use industrial chemicals, in particular, pose a significant concern. Acid was the most commonly used chemical weapon in 52 attacks. Tear gas, chlorine, and cyanide were each used in over 20 attacks. Both DM and CTM specialists advocate for better preparedness and response training for intentional events in civilian settings.
HUME’S PRINCIPLE, BAD COMPANY, AND THE AXIOM OF CHOICE
Authors: ROBERTS SAM , SHAPIRO STEWART 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOne prominent criticism of the abstractionist program is the so-called Bad Company objection. The complaint is that abstraction principles cannot in general be a legitimate way to introduce mathematical theories, since some of them are inconsistent. The most notorious example, of course, is Frege’s Basic Law V. A common response to the objection suggests that an abstraction principle can be used to legitimately introduce a mathematical theory precisely when it is stable: when it can be made true on all sufficiently large domains. In this paper, we raise a worry for this response to the Bad Company objection. We argue, perhaps surprisingly, that it requires very strong assumptions about the range of the second-order quantifiers; assumptions that the abstractionist should reject.
Ionospheric Reconstruction Using GNSS Signals Around an Anomaly Crest Location in Indian Longitude Sector
Authors: Goswami Samiddha , Chaudhuri Antara , Paul Ashik 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe present study aims to reconstruct the vertical ionospheric electron density (IED) profile using computerized ionospheric tomography (CIT) techniques, over the northern crest of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) which is one of the most geo‐physically sensitive regions of Indian longitude sector. Total electron content (TEC) measurements obtained from GNSS signals from receivers located at Kolkata (22.57°N, 88.36°E), Purulia (23.33°N, 86.36°E), and Siliguri (26.73°N, 88.39°E) and International GNSS Service (IGS) stations of Port Blair (11.64°N, 92.71°E), Bangalore (13.02°N, 77.57°E), Hyderabad (17.42°N, 78.55°E), Lucknow (26.91°N, 80.96°E) and Lhasa (29.66°N, 91.10°E) have been incorporated into the tomography algorithm for ionospheric reconstructions. Among the different iterative techniques used for retrieving IED profiles on a 2‐dimensional altitude versus latitude plane fixed at a certain longitude, simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique (SIRT) was shown to be the optimum choice based on the representation of the EIA phenomenon and reconstruction accuracy. A comparative assessment between two ionospheric models IRI2016 and PIM1.4 was performed, with PIM based initial guess for inversions resulting in lower reconstruction errors. The 2D CIT algorithm was then used to reconstruct the hourly vertical IED profiles to study the impact of the severe G4‐class St. Patrick's Day storm on 17 March 2015 and reconstructed electron densities showed a large increase over the values obtained from the geomagnetically quiet day of 10 March 2015, indicating a positive ionospheric storm phase. Ionospheric response to the G1‐class geomagnetic disturbance on 5 December 2017 and the average F‐region IED values have also been compared with a geomagnetically quiet day of 3 December 2017.