bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adherence to aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities guidelines: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 3.3 million participants across 32 countries
Authors: Garcia-Hermoso Antonio , López-Gil José Francisco , Ramírez-Vélez Robinson , Alonso-Martínez Alicia María , Izquierdo Mikel , Ezzatvar Yasmin 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo estimate the global prevalence of meeting the WHO guidelines for both aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities (MSA) in populations aged ≥5 years, and whenever possible to explore this prevalence according to sociodemographic and lifestyle factors.DesignA systematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesFive databases were systematically searched for studies published from inception to September 2022.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesArticles with representative samples aged ≥5 years reporting the prevalence of meeting both aerobic and MSA guidelines were included.ResultsTwenty-one studies comprising 3 390 001 individuals from 32 countries were included. Overall adherence to the aerobic and MSA guidelines was 17.12% (95% CI 15.42% to 18.88%) in adults ≥18 years (n=3 346 723). Among adolescents aged 12–17 years, adherence to both guidelines was 19.74% (95% CI 14.72% to 25.31%) (n=43 278). No studies reported data for children aged 5–11 years. Women, older age, low/medium education levels, underweight or obesity, and poor and moderate self-rated health were associated with lower adherence to the physical activity guidelines (p<0.001) among adults, although the prevalence remained very low in all cases. Subgroup analyses were not conducted with children and adolescents due to a lack of studies.ConclusionsOnly one out of five adolescents and adults met the recommended combined aerobic and MSA guidelines. Large-scale public health interventions promoting both types of exercise are needed to reduce the associated burden of non-communicable diseases.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022338422.
Barriers and enablers to diabetic retinopathy screening: a cross-sectional survey of young adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in the UK
Authors: Prothero Louise , Cartwright Martin , Lorencatto Fabiana , Burr Jennifer M , Anderson John , Gardner Philip , Presseau Justin , Ivers Noah , Grimshaw Jeremy M , Lawrenson John G 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionDiabetic retinopathy screening (DRS) attendance in young adults (YAs) is consistently below recommended levels. The aim of this study was to identify barriers and enablers of DRS attendance among YAs in the UK living with type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).Research design and methodsYAs (18–34 years) were invited to complete an anonymous online survey in June 2021 assessing agreement with 30 belief statements informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) of behavior change describing potential barriers/enablers to DRS.ResultsIn total, 102 responses were received. Most had T1D (65.7%) and were regular attenders for DRS (76.5%). The most salient TDF domains for DRS attendance were ‘Goals’, with 93% agreeing that DRS was a high priority, and ‘Knowledge’, with 98% being aware that screening can detect eye problems early.Overall, 67.4% indicated that they would like greater appointment flexibility(Environmental context/resources) and 31.3% reported difficulties getting time off work/study to attend appointments(Environmental context/resources). This was more commonly reported by occasional non-attenders versus regular attenders (59.1% vs 23.4%, p=0.002). Most YAs were worried about diabetic retinopathy (74.3%), anxious when receiving screening results (63%) (Emotion) and would like more support after getting their results (66%) (Social influences). Responses for T1D and T2D were broadly similar, although those with T2D were more likely have developed strategies to help them to remember their appointments (63.6% vs 37.9%, p=0.019) (Behavioral regulation).ConclusionsAttendance for DRS in YAs is influenced by complex interacting behavioral factors. Identifying modifiable determinants of behavior will provide a basis for designing tailored interventions to improve DRS in YAs and prevent avoidable vision loss.
Practical resiliency training for healthcare workers during COVID-19: results from a randomised controlled trial testing the Community Resiliency Model for well-being support
Authors: Duva Ingrid M , Higgins Melinda K , Baird Marianne , Lawson David , Murphy Jordan R , Grabbe Linda 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo introduce the Community Resiliency Model (CRM) as mental well-being support for healthcare workers working through the height of the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignRandomised controlled trial with a no treatment control group.SettingTwo large urban health systems in the Southern United States between October 2020 and June 2021.ParticipantsEligible participants were currently employed as healthcare workers within the participating healthcare systems. 275 employees registered and consented electronically in response to email invitations. 253 participants completed the baseline survey necessary to be randomised and included in analyses.InterventionParticipants were assigned 1:1 to the control or intervention group at the time of registration. Intervention participants were then invited to 1-hour virtual CRM class teaching skills to increase somatic awareness in the context of self and other care.Main outcome measuresSelf-reported data were collected rating somatic awareness, well-being, symptoms of stress, work engagement and interprofessional teamwork.ResultsBaseline data on the total sample of 275 (53% nurses) revealed higher symptoms of stress and lower well-being than the general population. The intervention participants who attended a CRM class (56) provided follow-up survey data at 1 week (44) and 3 months (36). Significant improvement for the intervention group at 3 months was reported for the well-being measures (WHO-5, p<0.0087, d=0.66; Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale, p<0.0004, d=0.66), teamwork measure (p≤0.0002, d=0.41) and stress (Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale, p=0.0058, d=46).ConclusionBaseline results indicate mental health is a concern for healthcare workers. Post intervention findings suggest that CRM is a practical approach to support well-being for healthcare workers during a crisis such as this pandemic. The simple tools that comprise the model can serve as a starting point for or complement self-care strategies to enhance individual resilience and buffer the effects of working in an increasingly stressful work environment.
Systematic review of medical literature for medicolegal claims and complaints involving neonates
Authors: Aiyengar Apoorva , Morris Tom , Bagshaw Kaye , Aladangady Narendra 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceComplaints and malpractice claims by families on the care of their babies are pertinent issue. Beyond just the financial implications, it involves harm to babies and distress to parents.ObjectiveThe aim was to review published reports of complaints by families on the care of their babies in the neonatal units in order to understand the nature of these complaints and the areas of care that they relate to.MethodsWe considered articles in English, which report on complaints made by families to organisations providing neonatal care. We performed our structured search on AMED, CINAHL, EMBASE, EMCARE, SCOPUS and MEDLINE from January 2000 to December 2020. A total of 378 articles were appraised using eligibility criteria.ResultsA total of 12 articles were included. The most common category of complaint was delayed/incorrect diagnosis. Communication issues were highlighted as a significant category of complaints. The majority of such claims were between the physicians and families. Factors implicated for clinician’s errors that resulted in complaints were lack of clinical and communication training, inadequate supervision of junior clinicians, work culture and hierarchy, not listening to families’ concerns and system failure.ConclusionsThe most frequent categories of complaint reported in our systematic review were delayed/incorrect diagnosis and delayed/incorrect treatment. Organisations should be encouraged to share complaints data as it can facilitate shared learning. An understanding of human factor principles and its role in patient safety is also emphasised in this report in order to optimise patient outcomes and improve experience for families requiring neonatal care.
Suprascapular nerve block for the treatment of adhesive capsulitis: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Shanahan E Michael , Gill Tiffany K , Briggs Elizabeth , Hill Catherine L , Bain Gregory , Morris Timothy 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveAdhesive capsulitis is a common painful shoulder condition. Treatment for the condition remains unsatisfactory. Suprascapular nerve block (SSNB) shows promise as a treatment option for adhesive capsulitis but there are no randomised controlled trials that examine its effect on pain or duration of the condition. The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of SSNB for the management of adhesive capsulitis.MethodsA randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of SSNB and standard therapy versus placebo and standard therapy was performed. In total, 54 patients were enrolled in the study. 27 patients received a glenohumeral joint (GHJ) injection and physiotherapy plus a 3-month SSNB, and 27 patients received a GHJ injection and physiotherapy plus a 3-month placebo injection. Patients were followed to resolution of their symptoms as measured by a combination of range of movement, pain scores, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) scores and perceived recovery scores. The primary outcome measure was time to resolution of symptoms.ResultsParticipants who received the SSNB reduced the duration of their symptoms of adhesive capsulitis by an average of 6 months (mean time to resolution 5.4 (95% CI 4.4 to 6.3) months vs 11.2 (95% CI 9.3 to 13) months) in the placebo group. They also had reduced pain scores, improved range of movement and lower SPADI scores compared with the placebo group across all time points.ConclusionSSNB reduced the duration of adhesive capsulitis and resulted in improved pain and disability experience for patients.Trial registration numberAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANCTRN 12615001378516).
Tight Upper Bounds on Distinct Maximal (Sub-)Repetitions in Highly Compressible Strings
Authors: Pape-Lange Julian 
Published: November 2022

For [Formula: see text], maximal [Formula: see text]-repetitions ([Formula: see text]-subrepetitions) are fractional powers in strings with exponent of at least [Formula: see text] (and [Formula: see text], respectively) which are non-extendable with respect to their minimum period. In this paper, we show that in a string [Formula: see text] with string attractor [Formula: see text] there are at most [Formula: see text] distinct (unpositioned) extended maximal [Formula: see text]-repetitions. Also for any natural number [Formula: see text] the string contains at most [Formula: see text] distinct extended maximal [Formula: see text]-subrepetitions without [Formula: see text]th powers. We further prove that for fixed [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], both upper bounds are tight up to a constant factor.
Electrochemical Evaluation of Hydrogen Permeation through Iron Sheets
Authors: Fanjul Pablo , Ibáñez David , González-García María Begoña , Pérez-Junquera Alejandro , Hernández-Santos David 
Published: November 2022

Devanathan-Stachurski or H cell is successfully used to the evaluation of hydrogen permeation in sheets or membranes. H cell consists of two electrochemical compartments separated by a sheet which acts as working electrode (WE) in both cells. This setup allows the generation of hydrogen in the charging cell, applying a controlled potential or constant current. It diffuses though the sample and is electrochemically detected in the oxidation compartment where the hydrogen gas is oxidized applying a constant potential [1]. The anodic current is directly proportional to the amount of hydrogen penetrating through the membrane with time. As small amounts of hydrogen pass through the membrane, a very sensitive potentiostat is required for its detection. In addition, since the two electrochemical cells use the same WE, two equipments with floating mode with galvanostatic isolation should be used.
Taking into account the instrumental requirements, the study of the hydrogen permeation properties of different iron sheets have been analyzed in this work. Different electrochemical profiles are obtained depending on the sample (Figure 1): sample 1 (red line) exhibits a larger diffusivity of the hydrogen due to the higher current recorded, while sample 2 (blue line) not only shows lower current but also shows a delay in the hydrogen transport due to its lower permeability. The absorption of hydrogen by ferrous metals is a serious problem because the hydrogen embrittlement can produce modifications of the mechanical properties of the material with occasional stress corrosion cracking.
Figure 1. Hydrogen transients obtained using two different iron samples.
References
[1] ASTM G148-97, “Standard Practice for Evaluation of Hydrogen Uptake, Permeation, and Transport in Metals by an Electrochemical Technique.”

Figure 1
Bayesian Network Machine Learning Approach to Atmospheric Corrosion Modelling
Authors: Santucci Raymond J , Sanders Christine E. , Zhu Hongyu , Smith Kenneth D , Kelly Robert G 
Published: November 2022

The performance degradation of materials exposed to corrosive atmospheric environments is a serious problem. Corrosion maintenance strategies and cycles are informed largely by historical trends in corrosivity dependent on the location of interest. Assessments are often made with sparse experimental data and are generalized to certain materials and baseline conditions observed in the past. The development of a predictive model which can better inform maintenance strategies and cycles offers opportunities for time savings and cost avoidance. Such a model would need to predict corrosion damage accumulation as a function of material of interest, location of interest, and atmospheric conditions during the period of exposure of interest.
Machine learning has recently gained attention as a way to model complex systems and processes. Atmospheric corrosion is certainly a complex process as there are many parameters that influence it which are uncontrolled and vary in difficult to predict ways. A machine learning algorithm would require data to learn from which might include environmental conditions such as temperature, relative humidity, UV light exposure, time of wetness, salt concentration, applied loads, and electrochemical data for substrates, inhibitors, and coatings. The ability of machine learning to determine models and relationships from large data sets is well demonstrated; however, a Bayesian model approach can be more suitable when data is limited, expensive or time consuming to obtain, and expert knowledge can be leveraged to construct the relationships. While certain meteorological variables are well categorized and easy to retrieve other variables like corrosion damage or salt deposition are sparsely reported if measured at all. For this reason, a Bayesian Network Model has been developed to better predict the corrosion damage accumulation of C1010 steel and three different aerospace coating systems applied over AA2024-T351.
The network map was constructed from parameters (nodes) which are known to influence corrosion. Mathematical relationships were used to develop relationships between nodes or to calculate new nodes as available. Finite element analysis was used to refine the network map and provide supplemental inputs for features that are difficult to measure experimentally. The model was initially trained from historic corrosion data gathered from collaborators across the DoD. Contemporary experimental data was also gathered in a 19-site survey of field exposure sites across the world. This dataset provided further inputs for training and also data for validation and testing. The methodology behind model construction will be highlighted and model predictions will be compared against experimental results. To date, there has been good correlation between model predictions and experimental results for C1010 steel mass loss, which provides a basis to further extend the model to aerospace coating systems.

Figure 1
Electrochemical Behavior of Additively Manufactured 7050 Aluminum Alloy in Chloride Environments
Authors: Rajendran Rupesh , Owens Crosby T , Eisenhaure Jeffrey D , Singh Preet M 
Published: November 2022

The benefits of additive manufacturing (AM) process combined with the high-strength, corrosion resistant and fracture toughness properties of the 7xxx series aluminum alloys make them promising candidates for the aerospace and defense industries. However, these alloys undergo unconventional thermal cycles during additive manufacturing process like laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) as well as during post-processing treatments like hot isostatic pressing, resulting in microstructures different from equivalent wrought alloys.
In our work, we investigate how the effects of microstructural differences in a modified LPBF 7050 aluminum alloy compared to an equivalent wrought alloy, results in differences in electrochemical behavior. A series of AM 7050 aluminum alloy samples with different post-processing treatments and subsequent microstructures are tested for polarization and electrochemical impedance behavior in varying chloride ion concentrations. The effects of underaging and overaging treatment on the electrochemical behavior is also studied. Localized corrosion behavior of the alloys is investigated using immersion tests and scanning vibration electrode technique (SVET), which showed differences in pitting behavior and pit stability. The results indicate that AM 7050 alloy in general, showed less corrosion susceptibility compared to an equivalent wrought alloy.
(Digital Presentation) Advanced Intercalation Electrode Materials for Calcium Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Xu Zheng-Long 
Published: November 2022

The growing demand for electric vehicles and stationary energy storage systems calls for developing next-generation batteries that combine high energy, high power and low cost. Among many post lithium-ion batteries, calcium rechargeable batteries utilizing divalent Ca2+ ion charge carriers are expected to offer clear benefits in affordability of batteries along with the potentially high energy density, due to the abundance of calcium in earth crust (46600 ppm versus 20 ppm for lithium) and the low redox potential of Ca/Ca2+ (-2.9 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode). Recent efforts on the development of negative electrodes, such as elemental calcium metal and natural graphite, has brought the rechargeable calcium chemistries a step closer to a practically feasible battery system. However, the lack of suitable cathode is the Achille’s heal of the calcium rechargeable battery technology.[1] The relatively large ionic radius and divalent nature of Ca ions make the intercalation kinetics generally sluggish in intercalation hosts. Moreover, a large Ca2+ intercalation is supposed to cause extended volume changes of the host, triggering a premature degradation of the electrode structure. In this talk, I would like to present our recent findings in graphite anode and polyanionic cathode materials as intercalation electrodes in high performance non-aqueous calcium rechargeable batteries. We demonstrated that a large amount of Ca ions can be reversibly (de)intercalation in graphite for Ca ion batteries by identifying a proper electrolyte to promote the solvated-ion co-intercalation reactions.[2] The solvated-Ca-ion co-intercalation chemistry is comprehensively investigated by combining first principle calculations and synchrotron in-situ X-ray diffraction. For cathodes, we find that the open-framework sodium vanadium fluorophosphate can function as a stable and fast-kinetic Ca2+ intercalation host with an extremely low capacity degradation rate of 0.02% per cycle over 500 cycles.[3] This value records the best stability reported for Ca ion battery cathodes so far. Through this talk, it is believed that the new findings in discovering novel materials or intercalation chemistries will be of great interest of the community working on multivalent ion batteries and other energy storage technologies.
Reference:
[1] C Chen, F Shi, ZL Xu, Advanced electrode materials for nonaqueous calcium rechargeable batteries, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2021, 9, 11908-11930
[2] Z.L. Xu, J. Park, J. Wang, H. Moon, G. Yoon, J. Lim, Y.J. Ko, S.P. Cho, S.Y. Lee and K. Kang, A new high-voltage calcium intercalation host for ultra-stable and high-power calcium rechargeable batteries, Nat. Commun. 2021, doi:10.1038/s41467-021-23703-x.
[3] J. Park,† Z.L. Xu,† G. Yoon,† S.K. Park, J. Wang, H. Hyun, H. Park, J. Lim, Y.J. Ko and K. Kang, Stable and High power calcium ion batteries enabled by calcium intercalation in graphite, Adv. Mater. 2020, 32.4: 1904411.
(Digital Presentation) Corrosion Resistance of 55%Al-Zn Alloy Fabricated By Ball Milling and Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Nishimoto Masashi , Kobayashi Tetsuro , Muto Izumi , Tokuda Shimpei , Nishida Yoshikatsu , Sugawara Yu 
Published: November 2022

Hot-dip 55mass%Al-Zn coated steels show good corrosion resistance because the 55%Al-Zn alloy coating layer acts as a sacrificial anode and protects the steel substrate from atmospheric corrosion.1 The balance between sacrificial behavior and dissolution resistance is important for improving the corrosion protection ability of the Al-Zn coating. In this study, 55%Al-Zn alloy was fabricated by ball milling and spark plasma sintering, and the effect of microstructure on the dissolution behavior of the 55%Al-Zn alloy was investigated.
The 55%Al-Zn alloy specimen was fabricated by ball milling of Al and Zn powders and subsequent spark plasma sintering. The coating layer on the hot-dip 55%Al-Zn coated steel was used to compare the dissolution behavior. The dissolution behavior of 55%Al-Zn alloys was analyzed by galvanic current measurements and polarization measurements in a diluted synthetic seawater.
In the sintered 55%Al-Zn alloy, Zn-rich phases with diameter less than 500 nm were dispersed in the Al matrix. The galvanic current measurements between the sintered 55%Al-Zn alloy and the steel substrate showed that the sintered 55%Al-Zn alloy acted as a sacrificial anode. In the galvanostatic polarization measurements, the potential of the sintered 55%Al-Zn alloy remained lower than that of the hot-dip 55%Al-Zn coating layer.
Reference:

S. Tokuda, I. Muto, Y. Sugawara, M. Takahashi, M. Matsumoto, and N. Hara, Corros. Sci., 129, 126–135 (2017).