bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating possible changes in air temperature and precipitation pattern in Mozambique by comparing present and future RegCM4 simulation
Authors: Sumila Telmo Cosme António , E.T Simone , DURIGON ANGELICA 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Unlike the global and regional assessment, the spatial-temporal variability of air temperature and precipitation, caused by climate change, must be more useful when the assessment is made at sub-regional to local scale. Thus, this study aims to assess the possible changes in pattern of air temperature and precipitation for late 21st century relative to present climate over Mozambique. For this purpose the downscaling to finer horizontal grid resolution of 50 km was run for present and under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), moderate RCP4.5 and strong RCP8.4, through a regional climate model RegCM4.0 driven by HadGEM2 global model. The climate pattern considered were analyzed for two time slices, baseline (1971–2000) and future (2070 − 2099) range within Mozambique borders. Over this study domain, the highest amounts of precipitation and the highest air temperatures are observed during summer season. However, the central region is quite warmer and rainier than the northern and southernmost regions. The regional model RegCM4.0 demonstrate agreement relative to observed weather stations and interpolated dataset from Climate Research Unit. The strong performance of RegCM4.0 is revealed by the more realistic local spatio-temporal climate features, tied to topography and geographical location of the study domain. The future increases in mean annual air temperature is well simulated by the model but, the spatial distribution and magnitude differ between the RCPs and over each of the three regions throughout the country. The sharp hottest response in the end of the century occurs in summer and spring seasons under RCP8.5, spatially over the central and northern region of the study domain, with some hot-spot in southern region. On the other hand, there is a predominance drier response in the annual mean precipitation but, during the summer season is observed a meridional dipolarization pattern, with wettest response over southernmost and drier response in northern and central regions of Mozambique.
Chemical and microbial composition of long-time steel rust layers in the South China Sea with a novel highly corrosive Desulfovibrio strain isolated from it
Authors: Zhai Xiaofan , Dong Xucheng , Zhang Yimeng , Yang Jing , Guan Fang , Duan Jizhou , Sun Jiawen , Zhang Ruiyong , Hou Baorong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Although it is well acknowledged that microbes played a significant role in the marine corrosion, few studies have systematically studied on the relationship between microorganisms and corrosion products under long-term immersion. In this work, the corrosion characteristics of the rust layer formed on carbon steel immersed in the South China sea after 5.5 years were investigated by various surface analysis and microbial community techniques. Magnetite (Fe3O4), iron sulfide and green rust were identified in the inner rust layer. The middle rust layer was dominated by maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), while some Fe3O4 and mackinamite were also detected. The outer rust layer contained several Fe(Ⅲ)-oxyhydroxides, along with a large number of fouling organisms attached. In all rust layers, anaerobic SRB was the dominant bacteria, and might play a key role during the formation of corrosion products. One SRB strain (Desulfovibrio bizertensis SY-1) with highly corrosivity (13.561 mg/cm2) was isolated from these rust layers, and the physiological and metabolic characteristics were also studied. These results helped expand the membership of corrosive SRB and establish better understanding of marine MIC.
Determining the Artificial Influence Factors for Quality Assessment of Personal Radiation Dosimetry Services
Authors: Feng Chen-Ju , Huang Yi-Hui , Wu Chin-Hui , Chu Chien-Hau , Lien Ke-Yu , Wang Yu-Chieh , Hsu Shih-Ming 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study was to determine the artificial factors considered for the measurement accuracy of personal dosimeter in dosimetry services under current performance test criteria. The investigation included management information questionnaire, on-site visit and blind test. The blind test with random selected personal badge was used in inter-comparison of eight dosimetry services, and the test results followed ANSI/HPS N13.11 criteria. This study also analyzed the measurement deviations if they felt in the criteria of ICRP 75 or not. One-way ANOVA tests were used to analyze the significant difference of the measurement deviations in different dosimetry services, irradiation categories, and years of use. Simple linear-regression test was performed for the significance of the prediction model between measurement deviations (category I, category II deep, and category II shallow) and readout frequencies. All visited dosimetry services followed the proper statue of basic management and passed the performance check of the tolerance level. There had significant differences of measurement deviation in different dosimetry services and irradiation categories but no significant difference in years of use. There was no significance in the linear-regression model between measurement deviation and badge readout frequencies. Based on the regular calibration of the personal dosimeter, the deviation of the measured value is mainly affected by different dosimetry services and irradiation categories; and there shows no significant influence by years of use and readout frequency.
Numerical Simulation of Billet Height-diameter Ratio on Magnesium Alloy Automobile Wheel Formed by Single-step Back Extrusion
Authors: Jiang Yanchao , Ren Liang , Le Qichi , Liao Qiyu , Zhu Yatong , Zhou Weiyang , Zhao Tao 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Magnesium alloy wheels are widely concerned for their satisfactory energy saving and emission reduction effects and increased driving comfort. However, the current single-step back extrusion (BE) forming process of magnesium alloy wheels uses a relatively small billet height-diameter ratio (HDR), which results in coarse grains and uneven grain size distribution of the spokes, seriously affecting the service performance of the wheel. A numerical model of the magnesium alloy wheel was constructed based on the actual single-step BE process of the magnesium alloy wheel in this study, and the effect of billet HDR on the physical field and dynamic recrystallization (DRX) grain size during the forming process of magnesium alloy wheel was explored through numerical simulation. Finding reveals that as the HDR of the billet increases, the overall effective strain of the wheel increases, the overall DRX volume fraction increases, and the grains are refined. When the HDR of the billet is greater than 1, the overall grain size distribution of the wheel tends to be stable. Compared with the traditional small HDR, when the billet HDR is greater than 1, the grain size at the spokes is reduced from the original 60 ~ 120µm to 30µm. During the forming process of the wheel, the upper rim is prone to cracking. With the increase of the HDR of the billet, the damage value at the upper rim of the wheel increases, that is, the cracking tendency at the upper rim increases. Simultaneously, the cracking tendency of the outer side of the rim increases with the HDR of the billet. Considering it comprehensively within the scope of this study, it is recommended to set the HDR of the wheel billet between 0.7 and 1.
Fetal umbilical artery thrombosis: prenatal diagnosis, treatment and follow-up
Authors: Wu Xiafang , Wei Chenchen , Chen Ruifeng , Yang Linxian , Huang Weifei , Huang Liang , Yan XinXin , Deng Xuedong , Gou Zhongshan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: To analyze the ultrasonic imaging and clinical characteristics of fetuses with umbilical artery thrombosis (UAT), explore potential causes and construct a prognostic-predicting model, thereby to guide clinical practice.Methods: We undertook a retrospective cohort study of fetal UAT in two academic tertiary referral care centers from 2014 to 2020. At follow-up visit, participants were interviewed with basic information, and the conditions of clinical treatment and delivery, diagnosis and confirmation were obtained through the medical records. Probable causes of thrombosis were explored by the comparative analysis of the UAT group to the control group and further regression analysis. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the risk factors of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to evaluate the diagnostic value of the prognostic-predicting model.Results: There were 30 fetuses with UAT incorporated in this study. Mostly, UAT occurred in the third trimester of pregnancy. There was an obvious predominance of right UAT. Abnormal pregnancy history (53.3%) was the most common comorbidity, followed by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM, 20.0%). Moreover, GDM and umbilical cord (UC) abnormalities were found to be independent risk factors for the development of UAT. After comprehensive decision-making, over two-thirds of the UAT patients chose urgent treatment while less than one-third chose expectant management. Surprisingly, there were no significant differences found in fetal outcomes between the UAT and control groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gestational age (GA) and UC abnormalities were independent risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes (OR 0.781, p = 0.042; OR 16.779, p = 0.023; respectively). Based on this, we constructed a comprehensive prognostic prediction model. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.877 (95%CI 0.698-0.970; p < 0.001), which suggested that the combination of GA and UC abnormalities was a better predictor for fetal outcomes.Conclusion: In summary, maternal GDM and fetal UC abnormalities were independent risk factors affecting UAT. UAT had been more observed on the right side. Moreover, poor clinical outcomes for UAT fetuses were mainly ascribed to GA and the condition of UC, which should be comprehensively evaluated to choose appropriate treatment.
Age and baseline creatinine as risk factors for methotrexate nephrotoxicity in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in resource-limited countries
Authors: Anguiano-Canchola Itzel Marcela , Leon-Espitia José Antonio , Ruiz-Jaramillo Ma. de la Cruz 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction. The search for risk factors for high-dose methotrexate (MTX)–induced nephrotoxicity in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has been complex in the context of resource-limited countries where serum levels of MTX are not always available. Objective. To analyze the demographic, clinical, and biochemical factors associated with MTX-induced nephrotoxicity in children with ALL. Methodology. Case-control study in children with ALL from a General Hospital in Mexico over a four-year period (2016–2020). Kidney damage was defined with KDIGO criteria and the following variables were analyzed: sex, age, weight, height, creatinine, urea, transaminases, hematic cytometry, vomiting, mucositis, dermatitis, and number of MTX applications. Results: Fifty eight children were studied, 22 females (38%) and 36 males (62%), ages 1 to14 years. The incidence of nephrotoxicity was 5.8% in 238 events of MTX administration. The children in the group with nephrotoxicity were older (average age 9.5 vs 5, p = 0.036), had higher baseline creatinine (0.5 mg/dL vs 0.4 mg/dL p = 0.006), and had lower baseline hemoglobin (10.1 g/dL vs 11.3 g/dL, p = 0.034). Mucositis, dermatitis, and febrile neutropenia were more frequent in the group with kidney damage (p < 0.001). A cut-off value for age of 8 years (AUC of 64%) had a higher frequency of nephrotoxicity. Baseline creatinine value higher than 0.44 mg/dL was a risk factor for developing kidney damage (OR 4.1). Conclusions: The incidence of MTX nephrotoxicity in children with ALL was 5.8%, slightly higher than that reported by other authors. The risk was greater for children older than 8 years and baseline creatinine higher than 0.44 mg/dL.
Individual differences in a computational model of reading: the influence of oral vocabulary knowledge
Authors: Chang Ya-Ning 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Studies have demonstrated systematic individual differences in the degree of semantic reliance (SR) when reading aloud exception words in adult skilled readers. However, the origins of individual differences in reading remain unclear. Using a connectionist model of reading, this study investigated whether oral vocabulary knowledge may affect the degree of SR as a potential source of individual differences in reading. Variety in oral vocabulary knowledge was simulated by training the model to learn the mappings between spoken and meaning word forms with different vocabulary sizes and quantities of exposure to these vocabularies. The model’s SR in the reading aloud task was computed. The result demonstrated that the model with varying amounts of oral exposure and vocabulary sizes had different levels of SR. Critically, the SR was able to predict the performance of the model performance on reading aloud and nonword reading, which assimilated behavioural reading patterns. Further analysis revealed that the SR was largely associated with the interaction between oral vocabulary exposure and oral vocabulary size. When the amount of exposure was limited, the SR significantly increased with vocabulary sizes but decreased then with vocabulary sizes. Overall, the simulation results provide the first computational evidence of the direct link between oral vocabulary knowledge and the degree of SR as a source of individual differences in reading.
A comparison between marginal likelihood and data augmented MCMC algorithms for Gaussian hidden Markov models
Authors: Tancini Daniele , Bartolucci Francesco , Pandolfi Silvia 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

We provide a comparison between marginal likelihood and data augmented Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms for Bayesian estimation of hidden Markov models. In particular, we focus on hidden Markov models based on a multivariate Gaussian distribution for the response variables. We evaluate the performance of both methods on the basis of a simulation study and an empirical application, where we compare these approaches in terms of standard measures of estimation and time efficiency. The results show that the augmented algorithm seems to be preferable, obtaining optimal convergence properties and producing large values of the effective sample size. Instead of using variable dimensional techniques for model selection, we also suggest model selection based on the so-called parallel sampling.
Prevalence and Correlates of Cognitive Impairment in schizophrenia: A cross-sectional study from Southern Sri Lanka
Authors: Goonathilake Praveen , Ediriweera Dileepa , Ruban Rumi , Isuru Amila 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introductions: Cognitive impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia. This study assessed the prevalence of cognitive impairment, the degree of impairment in individual cognitive domains and sociodemographic and clinical correlates among patients with schizophrenia in southern Sri Lankan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at the psychiatry outpatient clinics of Teaching Hospital, Karapitiya, Sri Lanka. Their cognitive functions were assessed using the culturally validated Sinhala version of Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination – III (ACE-III-S). ACE-III-S score below 85.5 was considered as significant cognitive impairment. Linear and multiple regression analyses were used to assess the factors associated with cognitive impairment. A P value of 0.05 is considered significant. Results: One hundred forty patients with schizophrenia were assessed. Of this, 125 patients had significant cognitive impairment with a prevalence of 89.3% (95% CI:84.1-94.5). Impairment in each cognitive domain was as follows: 60% in attention, 65.7% in memory, 55% in fluency, 61.4% in language, and 63.6% in visuospatial skills. Impairment was not different between cognitive domains. A shorter duration of formal education (P = <0.001), longer duration of illness (P = <0.001) and higher dose of antipsychotics (P = 0.034) were independently associated with cognitive impairment. Conclusions: Nine out of ten patients with schizophrenia experienced significant cognitive impairment. Patients showed more than 50% impairment in all the cognitive domains. The cognitive domains did not show disproportionate impairment. This study highlights the importance of introducing routine cognitive assessment protocols and frequent reviews of antipsychotic medications.
Characterization of Grain Carotenoids in Global Sorghum Germplasm to Guide Genomics-Assisted Breeding Strategies
Authors: Cruet-Burgos Clara , Morris Geoffrey P , Rhodes Davina H. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
BackgroundCrop biofortification is a successful strategy to ameliorate Vitamin A deficiency. Sorghum is a good candidate for vitamin A biofortification, as it is a staple food in regions with high prevalence of vitamin A deficiency. β-carotene—the main provitamin A carotenoid—is below the target concentration in sorghum grain, therefore biofortification breeding is required. Previous studies found evidence that sorghum carotenoid variation is oligogenic, suggesting that marker-assisted selection can be an appropriate biofortification method. However, we hypothesize that sorghum carotenoids have both oligogenic and polygenic components of variation. Genomics-assisted breeding could accelerate breeding efforts, but there exists knowledge gaps in the genetics underlying carotenoid variation, as well as appropriate germplasm to serve as donors. ResultsIn this study, we characterized carotenoids in 447 accessions from the sorghum association panel and carotenoid panel using high-performance liquid chromatography, finding high carotenoid accessions not previously identified. Genome-wide association studies confirmed that zeaxanthin epoxidase is a major gene underlying variation for not only zeaxanthin, but also lutein and β-carotene. High carotenoid lines were found to have limited genetic diversity, and originated predominantly from only one country. Potential novel genetic diversity for carotenoid content was identified through genomic predictions in 2,495 accessions of unexplored germplasm. Oligogenic variation of carotenoids was confirmed, as well as evidence for polygenic variation, suggesting both marker-assisted selection and genomic selection can facilitate breeding efforts. ConclusionsSorghum vitamin A biofortification could be beneficial for millions of people who rely on it as a dietary staple. Carotenoid content in sorghum is low, but high heritability suggests that increasing concentrations through breeding is possible. Low genetic diversity among high carotenoid lines might be the main limitation for breeding efforts, therefore further germplasm characterization is needed to assess the feasibility of biofortification breeding. Based on germplasm here evaluated, most countries’ germplasm lacks high carotenoid alleles, thus prebreeding will be needed. A SNP marker within the zeaxanthin epoxidase gene was identified as a good candidate for use in marker-assisted selection. Due to the oligogenic and polygenic variation of sorghum grain carotenoids, both marker-assisted selection and genomic selection can be employed to accelerate breeding efforts.
Modified structural and functional properties of arabinoxylan derived from brewers’ spent grain by ultrasound-assisted extraction
Authors: Liu Liwei , Chen Moutong , Coldea Teodora Emilia , Yang Huirong , Zhao Haifeng 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was used to obtain arabinoxylan (AX) from brewers’ spent grain (BSG) with a higher yield, modified structural characteristics, and improved techno-functional properties. Results showed that an UAE procedure working at 400 W for 15 min under a 60% duty cycle could increase the AX yield by 52.41% compared with a traditional alkaline extraction without sonication. Concomitantly, UAE-AX developed a degraded Mw of 2741 kDa, a changed conformation of less molecular asymmetry and a decreased mean particle size from 12.56 µm to 4.993 µm. The rheological properties of UAE-AX aqueous solution were improved, leading to higher viscosity and gel-forming capacity of the AX stabilized emulsions. As a result, UAE-AX addition could reduce the mean droplet size to 6.40 µm and better stabilize the emulsion under various conditions than traditional alkaline extracted AX. Thus, the results proved UAE to be a promising method of extracting AX from BSG with valuable utilization in food processing.
Computational Recognition of LncRNA Signatures in Tumor-associated Neutrophils could have Implications for Immunotherapy and Prognostic Outcome of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Tang Zhuoran , Wang Qi , Chen Peixin , Guo Haoyue , Shi Jinpeng , Pan Yingying , Li Chunyu , Zhou Caicun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Cancer immune function and tumor microenvironment are governed by long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Nevertheless, it has yet to be established whether lncRNAs play a role in tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs). Here, a computing framework based on machine learning was used to identify neutrophil-specific lncRNA with prognostic significance in squamous cell carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma using univariate Cox regression to comprehensively analyze immune, lncRNA, and clinical characteristics. The risk score was determined using LASSO Cox regression analysis. Meanwhile, we named this risk score as “TANlncSig”. TANlncSig was able to distinguish between better and worse survival outcomes in various patient datasets independently of other clinical variables. Functional assessment of TANlncSig showed it is a marker of myeloid cell infiltration into tumor infiltration and myeloid cells directly or indirectly inhibit the anti-tumor immune response by secreting cytokines, expressing immunosuppressive receptors, and altering metabolic processes. Our findings highlighted the value of TANlncSig in TME as a marker of immune cell infiltration and showed the values of lncRNAs as indicators of immunotherapy.
Effects of multi-pass turning on surface properties of AISI 52100 bearing steel
Authors: Xue Huan , Zhang Yansong , Zhang Daode , Xue Jingyu , Zhang Wenqian , Liu Shengnan , Yu Zihang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Hard turning is extensively used in the machining of bearings. The turning process has a significant influence on the properties of machined surface. In this paper, multi-pass turning experiments were machined on AISI 52100 bearing steel, and corresponding simulation model was established. The effects of multiple pass turning on micro hardness and residual stress were investigated. The results demonstrate that the machined surface hardness of single, double and triple pass turning is 30.0%, 25.2% and 24.5% higher than the initial surface, respectively, at a turning depth of 0.1mm and a speed of 100m/min. Double pass turning significantly reduces the residual stress of machined surface. With the change of turning speed, the residual stress after double pass turning is 88 MPa lower than single pass on average, while the difference of residual stress is relatively minor after double pass and triple pass turning. At a cutting depth of 0.05 mm, the residual stresses after double pass turning and triple pass turning are 152 MPa lower than those after one-pass turning. As the turning depth increases, the influence of the previous pass turning gradually decreases in terms of residual stress.