bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control‐Trust Dynamics during Socialization: Lessons from Workgroup Hazing
Authors: Sweet Kenneth M. , Sturm Rachel E. , Zare Mortaza , Valenzuela Marcus A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA key stream of research in the control‐trust literature concerns how control builds trust. Yet, the iterative nature between control building trust and trust impacting control is poorly understood. Early formation of trust in work relationships is important because it pervades future interactions and trust‐building attempts, and we join this conversation by examining how workgroups can actively constrain newcomer behaviour through control to build trust during socialization. Specifically, our theory building focuses on the unofficial socialization practice of workgroup hazing to explore how workgroups can systematically force a circumstance in which newcomers must demonstrate their trustworthiness to the workgroup before they can be trusted as insiders of the group. Through this process, the perceived trustworthiness of newcomers affects how the workgroup subsequently controls them. By examining the perspective of the workgroup, we uncover two key mechanisms that impact these control‐trust dynamics in how workgroups often socialize newcomers: (1) there is a shift in vulnerability from the workgroup to the newcomer, and (2) person‐group fit serves as a proxy for the trustworthiness of the newcomer. We conclude with an agenda for future control‐trust research given our theory building.
Effects of Word Definitions on Meaning Recall: A Multisite Intervention in Language‐Diverse Second Language English Classrooms
Authors: Gyllstad Henrik , Sundqvist Pia , Sandlund Erica , Källkvist Marie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVocabulary experts recommend first language (L1) translation equivalents for establishing form–meaning mappings for new second language (L2) words, especially for lower proficiency learners. Empirical evidence to date speaks in favor of L1 translation equivalents over L2 meaning definitions, but most studies have investigated bi‐ rather than multilingual learners. In our study, we investigated instructed English vocabulary learning through an intervention study in six language‐diverse secondary school English classrooms in Sweden (N = 74) involving three conditions for presentation of word meanings: (a) definitions in the L2 (English), (b) translation equivalents in the shared school and majority language (Swedish), and (c) translation equivalents in the shared school and majority language plus other prior languages among the learners (Swedish and other). Based on overall weighted mean effect sizes and mixed‐effects modeling, the results showed that conditions that involved L1 translation equivalents yielded higher scores than did target language definitions in immediate posttests with a small effect size but no differences in delayed posttests.
High outcrossing rates in a self‐compatible and highly aggregated host‐generalist mistletoe
Authors: Li Manru , Sui Yi , Wang Xuanni , Ma Zhanxia , Luo Yahuang , Aluthwattha Sasith Tharanga , McKey Doyle , Pujol Benoit , Chen Jin , Zhang Ling 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPlants have evolved various strategies to avoid inbreeding, but the mass flowering displayed by many plants predisposes them to within‐plant pollen movements and self‐pollination. Mistletoes often aggregate at multiple spatial scales. Their bird pollinators often visit several flowers of the same individual and of others on the same host tree. We hypothesized that hermaphroditic mistletoes have self‐incompatibility mechanisms that reduce or prevent selfing. Whether their spatial distribution, affected by host specificity, host distribution, and the behaviour of seed dispersers, influences their mating system and population genetic structure remains unclear. We studied how mating system and spatial distribution affect genetic structure in four populations of the host‐generalist mistletoe Dendrophthoe pentandra in southwestern China using microsatellite markers and progeny arrays. We also characterized the fine‐scale spatial genetic structure among 166 mistletoes from four host trees in one population. Prevalence and intensity of infection both appeared to vary among host species, strongly affecting the degree of aggregation. Host tree size had a strong effect on infection intensity. Surprisingly, manual pollination experiments indicated that D. pentandra is self‐compatible, but genetic analyses revealed that outcrossing rates were higher than expected in all four populations (MLTR tm 0.83–1.20, Bayesian tm 0.772–0.952). Spatial genetic structure was associated with distance between host trees but not at shorter scales (within hosts). Our results demonstrate that the combination of bird pollination, bird‐mediated seed dispersal, and post‐dispersal processes result in outcrossing and maintain relatively high diversity in the presence of biparental inbreeding, despite very high local densities and possible self‐compatibility.
In it Together: Teachers, Researchers, and Classroom SLA
Authors: SPADA NINA , LIGHTBOWN PATSY M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn discussions about relationships between research and pedagogy, teachers and researchers are often characterized as facing each other across a “gap” that separates them. Teachers are described as having practical concerns about their own classrooms and little patience for “theoretical” issues. Researchers are described as removed from day‐to‐day classroom concerns and oriented to more abstract factors that, if not “universal,” are at least “generalizable.” In reality, many researchers share with teachers the goal of making teaching and learning as successful as possible. What they learn from each other can help them reach that goal. In this article, we discuss 3 guiding principles that help to create the conditions for productive collaboration: (a) build trust and long‐term relationships, (b) build and share knowledge, and (c) follow up and provide feedback. We describe how the cycle of observation, correlation, and experimentation influenced our research and created opportunities to investigate questions that were of interest to us as researchers and relevant to teachers’ goals. We use examples of our own studies and those of other researchers who have engaged in long‐term teacher–researcher collaborations, illustrating how the research–pedagogy link can be strengthened.
Aboveground herbivory can promote exotic plant invasion through intra‐ and interspecific aboveground–belowground interactions
Authors: Gao Lunlun , Wei Chunqiang , He Yifan , Tang Xuefei , Chen Wei , Xu Hao , Wu Yuqing , Wilschut Rutger A. , Lu Xinmin 
Published: October 2022

Summary

Aboveground herbivores and soil biota profoundly affect plant invasions. However, how they interactively affect plant invasions through plant–soil feedbacks (PSFs) remains unclear.

To explore how herbivory by the introduced beetle Agasicles hygrophila affects Alternanthera philoxeroides invasions in China, we integrated multiyear field surveys and a 2‐yr PSF experiment, in which we examined how herbivory affects PSFs on the performance of native and invasive plants and the introduced beetles.

Despite increased herbivory from A. hygrophila, A. philoxeroides dominance over co‐occurring congeneric native Alternanthera sessilis remained constant from 2014 to 2019. While occurring at lower abundances, A. sessilis experienced similar herbivore damage, suggesting apparent competitive effects. Our experiments revealed that herbivory on A. philoxeroides altered soil microbial communities, prolonged its negative PSF on A. sessilis, and decreased A. hygrophila larvae performance on the next‐generation invasive plants. Consequently, A. hygrophila larvae performed better on leaves of natives than those of invasives when grown in soils conditioned by invasive plants defoliated by the introduced beetles.

Our findings suggest that aboveground herbivory might promote rather than suppress A. philoxeroides invasion by enhancing its soil‐mediated self‐reinforcement, providing a novel mechanistic understanding of plant invasions. These findings highlight the need to incorporate an aboveground–belowground perspective during the assessment of potential biocontrol agents.
Molecular mechanisms underlying paracellular calcium and magnesium reabsorption in the proximal tubule and thick ascending limb
Authors: Alexander R. Todd , Dimke Henrik 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCalcium and magnesium are the most abundant divalent cations in the body. The plasma level is controlled by coordinated interaction between intestinal absorption, reabsorption in the kidney, and, for calcium at least, bone storage and exchange. The kidney adjusts urinary excretion of these ions in response to alterations in their systemic concentration. Free ionized and anion‐complexed calcium and magnesium are filtered at the glomerulus. The majority (i.e., >85%) of filtered divalent cations are reabsorbed via paracellular pathways from the proximal tubule and thick ascending limb (TAL) of the loop of Henle. Interestingly, the largest fraction of filtered calcium is reabsorbed from the proximal tubule (65%), while the largest fraction of filtered magnesium is reclaimed from the TAL (60%). The paracellular pathways mediating these fluxes are composed of tight junctional pores formed by claudins. In the proximal tubule, claudin‐2 and claudin‐12 confer calcium permeability, while the exact identity of the magnesium pore remains to be determined. Claudin‐16 and claudin‐19 contribute to the calcium and magnesium permeable pathway in the TAL. In this review, we discuss the data supporting these conclusions and speculate as to why there is greater fractional calcium reabsorption from the proximal tubule and greater fractional magnesium reabsorption from the TAL.
Physician Connectedness and Referral Choice*
Authors: Shin Eunhae 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study examines the effects of social network structure of intermediaries in health care, namely referring physicians, upon the specialty treatment choices of patients in the United States. The social network of a referring physician is identified by the patient‐sharing pattern in Medicare claims data, and the following three measures are employed as key explanatory variables: (1) number of physicians connected (adjusted degree); (2) tightness of the network (clustering coefficient); and (3) influence of individual physicians in the network (eigenvector centrality). The results of discrete‐choice demand models suggest that if patients are referred by a physician who is a more important player in their social networks (i.e. eigenvector centrality is higher), the patient has a higher chance of choosing a surgeon of better quality.
CmERF5‐CmRAP2.3 transcriptional cascade positively regulates waterlogging tolerance in Chrysanthemum morifolium
Authors: Li Chuanwei , Su Jiangshuo , Zhao Nan , Lou La , Ou Xiaoli , Yan Yajun , Wang Likai , Jiang Jiafu , Chen Sumei , Chen Fadi 
Published: October 2022

SummaryWaterlogging stress affects plant growth by limiting root respiration and reducing yield and economic value. Therefore, identifying genes involved in regulating waterlogging stress is vital. This study reports the ethylene‐responsive VII transcription factor (CmRAP2.3) in the chrysanthemum. Subcellular localization and transactivation assay analyses revealed that CmRAP2.3 was localized in the nucleus and possessed transactivation activity. Overexpression of CmRAP2.3 in chrysanthemum was found to enhance waterlogging tolerance by decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Furthermore, we found that the transcription factor CmERF5 binds to GCC‐like motifs in the CmRAP2.3 promoter region and activates CmRAP2.3 expression. Additionally, CmERF5 overexpression maintained a low ROS level and improved chrysanthemum waterlogging tolerance. Taken together, this study shows a molecular mechanism by which CmERF5 transcriptionally activates CmRAP2.3 to reduce waterlogging stress via the ROS pathway in the chrysanthemum.
UV Radiation Exposure of Outdoor Workers in Antarctica
Authors: Bogdanov Ivan , Cherkezov Dimitar , Velev Stefan , Darlenski Razvigor 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Antarctic region is a place of increasing interest. A growing number of personnel are working outdoors in extreme environmental conditions. They receive significant exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and are thereby at increased risk of adverse consequences. The aim of this study was to evaluate the UVR dose received by the outdoor workers at the Bulgarian Antarctic Base. Ten Caucasian healthy subjects, 8 males and 2 females with a mean age of 38 years (29–51) were enrolled. Of them, 5 were scientists and 5 were logistic workers. We measured the accumulated daily dose of UVR assessed by standard erythemal dose (SED) in the two groups. All subjects wore personal dosimeters located near the face—he only noncovered skin area. The dosimeters were factory calibrated for use in the Antarctic region. No statistical difference (P = 0.441) could be revealed between the SEDs in the two groups. The maximum UVR dose detected in a single day was 67.9 SEDs, and the highest cumulative dose was 548.03 SEDs. Study results are showing extreme measurements of UVR received by the members of the expeditions. We suggest meticulous UV protection for outdoor workers.
Genetic structure of the pine needle pathogen Lecanosticta acicola in Lithuania and northern Poland
Authors: Raitelaitytė Kristina , Adamson Kalev , Markovskaja Svetlana , Paulauskas Algimantas , Mullett Martin , Drenkhan Rein 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBrown spot needle blight, a disease of pine trees caused by the pathogenic fungus Lecanosticta acicola, has been known in Lithuania since 2009 and in Poland since 2014, but data on the distribution and population genetics of this needle pathogen were lacking. In order to investigate the genetic diversity, population structure and reproductive mode of L. acicola, 93 isolates were isolated from Pinus mugo needles in 2017–2019 and analysed using 11 microsatellite and two mating‐type markers. This study revealed 47 unique multilocus haplotypes among all investigated isolates; two genetically distinct populations of L. acicola (LIT‐E and LIT‐W) were identified in Lithuania and one population (POL‐N) in the coastal region of northern Poland. The most genetically diverse population was the LIT‐E population occurring in the eastern continental part of Lithuania, followed by the LIT‐W population spreading along the western Baltic Sea coast. All populations in both countries are characterized by low genetic diversity and contain clones, with the northern Polish population having the lowest mean genetic diversity and the greatest clonal fraction. Both mating types are present in the Lithuanian populations, demonstrating that sexual reproduction is possible, whereas only one mating type is present in the Polish population. However, the sexual stage (teleomorph) has not yet been found on infected needles, and asexual reproduction predominates. High gene flow from the eastern Lithuanian population to the northern Poland population was found, suggesting that the Polish coastal population may have been introduced from the central part of Lithuania and did not spread naturally along the Baltic Sea coast from the western Lithuanian population.
The electric vehicle revolution: Critical material supply chains, trade and development
Authors: Jones Benjamin , Nguyen‐Tien Viet , Elliott Robert J. R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe emergence of a mass market for electric vehicles (EVs) offers development opportunities for countries that have abundant resources of cobalt, nickel, lithium, copper, aluminium and manganese. Not surprisingly, developing countries have proposed ambitious plans to expand production of these raw materials. However, an observation from the resource curse literature is that strong institutions are required if they are to mitigate the risk of poorly directed, often excessively procyclical, investment, not least because of the complexity, opacity and price volatility of many raw materials utilised by global EV value chains. This paper examines the outlook for EV demand and associated raw material usage paying attention to the drivers and sensitivities required to assess and track future market transformations. These end use shifts are then placed in the context of the broader supply chain adjustments and trends shaping the demand. For resource exporters, adapting to structural change will require fiscal, regulatory, environmental and institution reforms designed to capture shifting patterns of resource wealth in a way which takes appropriate account of comparative advantages in specific value chains and mitigates adverse environmental and social consequences from their extraction and processing.
New Compound Fractional Sliding Mode Control and Super-Twisting Control of a MEMS Gyroscope
Authors: Rahmani Mehran , Redkar Sangram 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This research proposes a new compound fractional sliding mode control (FOSMC) and super-twisting control (FOSMC + STC) to control a microelectromechanical systems gyroscope. A new sliding mode surface has been defined to design the proposed new sliding mode controller. The main advantages of a FOSMC are its high tracking performance and robustness against external perturbation, but creating a chattering phenomenon is its main drawback. By applying a super-twisting control (STC) method with FOSMC, the chattering phenomenon is eliminated, the singularity problem is solved, and systems robustness has significantly improved. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed control approach.
Improving Structural Integrity of Direct Laser-Deposited Ni–Co–Cr–Al–Y Superalloys by Alloy Modification
Authors: O’Neil Aaron , Kinzer Bryan , Bala Chandran Rohini , Sahasrabudhe Himanshu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Ni- and Co-based M–Cr–Al–Y (M = Ni and/or Co), dual phase β and γ/γ′, β—Ni–Al, γ—Ni(Co, Cr), and γ′—Ni3–Al superalloys exhibit several beneficial high-temperature (&gt;1000 °C) (2012 °F) strength and corrosion resistance properties. Our study investigates the feasibility of fabricating a commercially available Ni–Co–Cr–AlY alloy (tradename “Amdry 386”) using laser directed energy deposition (laser-DED). A significant challenge for laser fabrication of bulk Amdry 386 (A386) structures stems from the presence of relatively higher amounts of the β phase than γ/γ′ phases. While prior studies report laser fabrication of these materials in coating and cladding configurations, bulk structures have not been realized. To investigate these challenges, this study was developed to systematically evaluate the effects of modifying the A386 alloy by adding 10, 20, and 30% by weight of a Ni–20%Cr (Ni–Cr) alloy (mainly γ/γ′). Laser-DED-fabricated A386 coupons exhibited a metastable, rapidly solidified β-rich microstructure typical to laser processes. The A386 + Ni–Cr mixtures were processed using laser-DED, and small coupons from each composition were evaluated using SEM, XRD, and microhardness to characterize the as-processed microstructure. Thermodynamic modeling was performed to determine the phase evolution as a function of the alloy composition. The dominating phase switches from β to γ/γ’ between the A386 and A386 + 10% Ni–Cr mixtures, but the increase in structural integrity is not observed until the Ni–Cr additions reach a minimum of 20%. Our results show that the alloy chemistry can be successfully modified to improve the structural integrity of laser-processed structures.
Perceptions of Effective Training Practices in League of Legends: A Qualitative Exploration
Authors: Abbott Callum , Watson Matthew , Birch Phil 
Published: October 2022

While scientific interest in electronic sports (esports) is steadily growing, there remains an absence of research evidence concerning training practices in specific esports such as League of Legends. Anecdotal evidence suggests that current approaches to training may be suboptimal in terms of performance and, concerningly, linked to negative consequences for player health and well-being. In order to address the lack of literature and aid understanding of the (in)effectiveness of current training practices in esports, our study sought to qualitatively examine the experiences and perceptions of training in a sample of professional and semiprofessional League of Legends players. Through interviews with 10 players who ranked in the top 0.24% of the playing population, three core themes were identified: (a) the state of training, (b) training experiences, and (c) motivational change. This study provides important insights into current training practices in esports and players’ perceptions of the (in)effectiveness of these practices. The paper concludes with practical recommendations for coaches and support staff working in esports.
Maternal consumption of ultra-processed foods and subsequent risk of offspring overweight or obesity: results from three prospective cohort studies
Authors: Wang Yiqing , Wang Kai , Du Mengxi , Khandpur Neha , Rossato Sinara Laurini , Lo Chun-Han , VanEvery Hannah , Kim Daniel Y , Zhang Fang Fang , Chavarro Jorge E , Sun Qi , Huttenhower Curtis , Song Mingyang , Nguyen Long H , Chan Andrew T 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective
To assess whether maternal ultra-processed food intake during peripregnancy and during the child rearing period is associated with offspring risk of overweight or obesity during childhood and adolescence.

Design
Population based prospective cohort study.

Setting
The Nurses’ Health Study II (NHSII) and the Growing Up Today Study (GUTS I and II) in the United States.

Participants
19 958 mother-child (45% boys, aged 7-17 years at study enrollment) pairs with a median follow-up of 4 years (interquartile range 2-5 years) until age 18 or the onset of overweight or obesity, including a subsample of 2925 mother-child pairs with information on peripregnancy diet.

Main outcome measures
Multivariable adjusted, log binomial models with generalized estimating equations and an exchangeable correlation structure were used to account for correlations between siblings and to estimate the relative risk of offspring overweight or obesity defined by the International Obesity Task Force.

Results

2471 (12.4%) offspring developed overweight or obesity in the full analytic cohort. After adjusting for established maternal risk factors and offspring’s ultra-processed food intake, physical activity, and sedentary time, maternal consumption of ultra-processed foods during the child rearing period was associated with overweight or obesity in offspring, with a 26% higher risk in the group with the highest maternal ultra-processed food consumption (group 5) versus the lowest consumption group (group 1; relative risk 1.26, 95% confidence interval 1.08 to 1.47, P for trend<0.001). In the subsample with information on peripregnancy diet, while rates were higher, peripregnancy ultra-processed food intake was not significantly associated with an increased risk of offspring overweight or obesity (n=845 (28.9%); group 5
v
group 1: relative risk 1.17, 95% confidence interval 0.89 to 1.53, P for

trend=0.07). These associations were not modified by age, sex, birth weight, and gestational age of offspring or maternal body weight.

Conclusions
Maternal consumption of ultra-processed food during the child rearing period was associated with an increased risk of overweight or obesity in offspring, independent of maternal and offspring lifestyle risk factors. Further study is needed to confirm these findings and to understand the underlying biological mechanisms and environmental determinants. These data support the importance of refining dietary recommendations and the development of programs to improve nutrition for women of reproductive age to promote offspring health.