bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whistleblowing
Authors: Lewis Jeremy , Bowers QC John , Fodder Martin , Mitchell Jack 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This book has been substantially updated since the previous edition, reflecting major case law developments. Chapter 1 introduces the work and considers significant proposals for reform and the new EU Whistleblowing Directive. Part 1 then sets out the statutory framework for the protection of whistleblowers under the Employment Rights Act. Chapter 2 sets out the structure of the UK legislation, and principles of construction, as a matter of domestic law. Chapter 3 describes the interface between whistleblowing protection and the interpretive requirement to conform with the European Convention on Human Rights (Chapter 3). There are two chapters. The first, on extra-territoriality (Chapter 8), covers material previously included within what is now Chapter 7 but also includes consideration of the position post-Brexit. The second addresses the important considerations which arise in relation to privilege and judicial immunity (Chapter 14). Part 2 (Chapters 15 to 20) deals with whistleblowing-related issues beyond the specific legislative scheme and also, in Chapter 17, section 43J ERA which makes void and provision in an agreement with a worker which would preclude protected disclosure. The final part of the book considers practical aspects of whistleblowing protection. Chapter 21 considers significant developments on the approach to this in the Health and Financial Services sectors, including the new provisions in the ERA prohibiting discrimination on the ground of protected disclosures against NHS applicants (and though not yet in force applicants in Children Social Care). Chapter 22 then considers whistleblowing policies more broadly, and the interface with data protection requirements. Finally, the Appendices include an illustrative case study, a survey of awards in relation to injury to feelings and aggregated damages (to be read with Chapter 12 on Remedies), and precedents relevant to whistleblowing claims.
Overview of the Protected Disclosure Provisions and Related Protections
Authors: Lewis Jeremy , Bowers John , Fodder Martin , Mitchell Jack 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter explains the aims of the legislation covering whistleblowing. The scheme is set out, with the key definitions of qualifying and protected disclosures. A flowchart is provided which shows the routes to protection through three tiers of disclosure, depending on the recipient of the disclosure: a first tier, essentially to the employer or other person thought to be accountable for the matter which concerns the worker; a second tier to an appropriate regulator; and a third tier for wider disclosures. The chapter describes the means by which protection is provided: the right to be protected against ‘detriment’ and the right not to be unfairly dismissed. The case law showing the courts’ purposive approach to construction of whistleblowing protection is also discussed. Other protections which may complement protection under the protected disclosure scheme are compared and contrasted: those for employees and workers in relation to health and safety at work activities, for employees who assert a statutory right, and for those who do protected acts under the Equality Act.
Interpretation and the European Convention on Human Rights
Authors: Lewis Jeremy , Bowers John , Fodder Martin , Mitchell Jack 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter considers the principles of interpretation which apply where domestic legislation would otherwise be non-compliant with rights recognized under the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR). The chapter focuses in particular on ECHR, Article 10 (on freedom of expression), read together with Article 14 (the principle of non-discrimination). It considers the criteria developed by the European Court of Human Rights specifically in relation to disclosure of wrongdoing by employees, and the potential implications for the development of whistleblowing protection in the UK.
Protection of the Identity of Informants
Authors: Lewis Jeremy , Bowers John , Fodder Martin , Mitchell Jack 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter considers how the public interest in protecting whistleblowers by keeping their identity secret from those whose wrongdoing they disclose is balanced against the rights of those whom the whistleblower has informed upon in a disciplinary context. It then deals with the jurisdiction of the Court to order disclosure of the identity of informants, known as Norwich Pharmacal orders. The special protection extended to journalists (and those who pass information to journalists) under section 10 of the Contempt of Court Act 1981 is described, before addressing the scope for Norwich Pharmacal orders specifically in the context of information provided to the employer.
Qualitative Comparative Analysis
Authors: Ryan Matt 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter explains how Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) can be used to compare different instances of deliberation. QCA is a method for establishing the configurations of conditions that are necessary or sufficient for an outcome. QCA uses learning from the mathematics of set theory to map and analyse the constellations of attributes of cases of a social phenomenon like democratic deliberation. In deliberative democracy research, QCA is useful for comparing a number of cases and understanding the conditions for good and bad deliberation. The chapter provides a guide to the approach and outlines the assumptions that distinguish QCA from other methods. It provides a quick stepwise guide to undertaking QCA. The chapter presents examples of how QCA has been used to understand when and how different designs of deliberative forums affect policymaking in Brazil, and how analysis of necessary conditions can better specify the contexts in which participatory budgets allow citizens to control decisions in participatory forums. Those findings give scholars and practitioners a greater confidence and justification for designing and implementing deliberative projects in diverse contexts.
Rhetorical Criticism
Authors: Rountree John 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter describes rhetorical criticism as a research method for studying democratic deliberation. It begins by defining rhetoric and rhetorical criticism and outlining the major theoretical assumptions underlying this approach. In doing so, this chapter situates rhetorical criticism in a broader scholarly context to highlight its strengths and weaknesses. Influenced by post-structuralism, critical theory, and feminist theory, rhetorical inquiry stresses how discourse constructs reality and how various material and symbolic contexts shape communicative practices. This chapter explicates rhetorical criticism as a type of close textual analysis of deliberative discourse. Drawing on examples from recent scholarship, it outlines rhetorical criticism’s key research questions, its units of analysis, its approach to building a data set, and its method for translating textual evidence into interpretive arguments. In reviewing contemporary rhetorical methods, this chapter argues for rhetorical criticism’s utility as a way of opening the ‘black box’ of democratic deliberation to reveal how citizens create meaning in deliberative encounters.
Narrative Analysis
Authors: Boswell John 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The ‘deliberative turn’ in normative political theory has coincided with something of a ‘narrative turn’ in empirical social science. Scholars in communication studies, psychology, sociology, politics, public administration, and beyond have increasingly focused their attention on the role that narratives play in social interaction. There is increasing awareness of the importance of narrative for those interested in assessing deliberation. After all, normative ideas about the way people ought to make sense of and stake claims about personal, social, and political phenomena can only be strengthened by closer engagement with empirical accounts of how they actually do so. While narrative analysis has much to offer scholars of deliberation, the growing interest in, and adoption of, this approach in social science research presents some complexities and confusions. Like deliberation itself, narrative means different things to different analysts. It is operationalized in different ways to different ends. The aims of this chapter, then, are twofold. First, it seeks to put forward a version of narrative analysis that is grounded in the traditions of interpretive policy analysis. It makes a case for why this version can answer unresolved questions for scholars of deliberation. Second, this chapter draws on examples from the author’s own research experience to open up about the often-hidden interpretive craft of narrative analysis and demonstrate what it entails in the work of assessing deliberation in practice.
Talk-based Analysis
Authors: Sanyal Paromita 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Deliberative democracy has surpassed the boundary of normative theorizing and gained a foothold as a real-world model of governance. Its appeal is in the promise of deepening democracy by giving citizens direct voice in reaching collective decisions on civic matters. With this, how citizens participate in discussions aimed at decision-making has come to the centre stage of scholarly attention. This chapter offers a qualitative, talk-based approach for dissecting deliberation by analysing and interpreting talk, that is, by paying attention to who speaks, what they speak about, and how they speak. It offers a way for assessing citizen’s ‘oral competency’ by analysing the nature and framing of their speech. This method is paired with an interpretive stance that takes a semiotic view and treats speech as a signifier of performance. In this framework, citizens’ speeches signify their civic performances, and political leaders’ and frontline bureaucrats’ speeches signify state enactments. An application of this method is illustrated with research on Indian village assemblies, which is the largest case worldwide of deliberation-based, institutionalized participatory democracy. Qualitative assessment of large-scale institutions of deliberative democracy is full of complexity and subjectivity. Yet, without qualitative approaches, our understanding of what occurs in real-world institutions of deliberative democracy is likely to remain sterile. Incorporating talk-based methods and performance-based interpretations are the best hope we have to grasp the full sociological and political import of deliberative democracy.
NATO’s Nations, Relevance, and Cohesion
Authors: Tardy Thierry 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe first chapter of the volume draws on the country chapters to offer a number of reflection points on the current nature of the Alliance and, most specifically, its relevance and cohesion. It first builds a typology of allies based on how they see, and behave within, the Alliance. Three categories of ally are identified: the ‘non-NATO-aligned with a broad security agenda’, a group composed of the United States, France, and Turkey; the ‘NATO-aligned with a Russian-centric security agenda’, a group composed of the three Baltic States, Norway, Poland, and Romania; and the ‘NATO-aligned with a non-Russian-centric security agenda’, which include the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, Canada, Denmark, the Netherlands, and Spain. Second, the chapter draws on the subsequent country analysis to identify seven key findings that characterize contemporary NATO: these range from the persistent need for NATO, the nature of the bilateral link with the United States, and the centrality of collective defence, to the debate about task expansion, the existence of alternatives to NATO, the importance of values, and the level of strategic thinking within allies. Third, the chapter reflects on those findings to assess the level of relevance and cohesion that the Alliance enjoys. In many ways, NATO’s relevance and cohesion are being challenged by a complex security environment, yet it is largely this complexity that makes the Alliance still essential to its Nations.
The United States
Authors: Hardt Heidi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter confronts the modern transatlantic security landscape by examining the United States’ contributions to NATO’s cohesion and relevance. In the aftermath of an isolationist US presidency, debates persist about the commitment of NATO’s most powerful ally to its treaty obligations. The chapter begins with an overview of the extent to which the United States remains engaged in the Alliance. It considers the legacy of the Trump administration and the current administration’s renewed strategy. Whereas US public support for NATO has long remained strong, the United States and its allies have endeavoured to realign interests in light of changing US priorities, including counterterrorism and deterring (or confronting) China. The United States’ decision to withdraw from Afghanistan has also prompted NATO to reconsider its investments in crisis management. Subsequently, the chapter assesses the central role that the United States plays in NATO policymaking and the ideational overlap that it maintains with allies. Sections also review the United States’ material contributions (e.g. operations). In the final section, we examine a set of challenges that the United States faces in its efforts to reassure allies and reinvest in the alliance while balancing its own shifting strategic direction.
The United Kingdom
Authors: Webber Mark 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines the British policy towards the North Atlantic Alliance. The United Kingdom has always been unambiguous in its position on NATO. London helped to establish the Alliance in 1949 and ever since has striven to be its most important European ally. In consequence, the United Kingdom has provided a significant material contribution to NATO missions and command and sees itself as at the forefront of debates on NATO strategy and purpose. With rare exception (the case of Scottish nationalism), NATO membership is beyond question in domestic politics—and the Alliance has never obtained the same controversial status as the European Union. UK foreign and defence policies retain pretensions towards global influence, evidenced in the 2021 Integrated Review of Security, Defence, Development and Foreign Policy. High standing within NATO is one means by which that influence is to be exercised. The United Kingdom has also traditionally seen NATO as an essential bridge in its relationship with the United States, and this is even more so after Brexit. For London, transatlanticism is key to the Alliance, but this has, at times, created tensions with Paris and occasionally with Berlin. Overall, the chapter portrays the United Kingdom as being amongst NATO’s most stalwart and reliable allies and predicts that this is likely to remain so for the foreseeable future.
Yoknapatawpha Road Trip; or, William Faulkner in Car Country
Authors: Watson Jay 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChapter two explores the contradictions of petromodernity through the optic of the motor excursion, revealing Faulkner as a keen student of the ontological, phenomenological, aesthetic, epistemological, and ecological dimensions of US petroleum consumption. The Yoknapatawpha road trip contests the ideology of modern automobility, its aura of freedom, mastery, and expansiveness, with an insistent emphasis on the contingencies of personal motoring: the accidents, breakdowns, traffic jams, refueling stops, citations, sudden swerves, Jim Crowed roadways, and other exigencies that constitute the dialectical otherness within transportation modernity. “Elmer,” The Sound and the Fury, Sanctuary, Light in August, “Monk,” The Wild Palms, and The Mansion introduce a new Faulknerian genre, the filling station narrative; and Intruder in the Dust, Knight’s Gambit, and Requiem for a Nun merge crime fiction with road fiction to make detective work hinge on the act of driving. The Reivers’ Ned McCaslin finally illustrates the challenges of motoring while Black.
The F/act of Gandhian Walks
Authors: Siganporia Harmony 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This section investigates how Gandhi turns the act of walking into a symbol which comes to connote him by direct extension. It analyses his time in London as a young and poor international student, compelled to turn to walking out of necessity, but soon recognizing the power of this ‘method’ as a way of learning new environments, even as it grounds and locates him firmly within them. This is followed by an examination of what walking meant to Gandhi’s political organizing in South Africa before closing with an exploration of how, within the Gandhian schema, walking is simultaneously praxis (that which a body does) and theory (experiential episteme building).
Field-Notes, or
Authors: Siganporia Harmony 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This section of the book is based on the author’s field-notes and explorations on the walk proper: each day on the road is treated first from the lens of the present, and is followed by an account of what Gandhi and his Marchers saw and did whilst in the same locations in 1930. Sub-sections are clustered loosely around the theme of the dominant crop in each district traversed: sugar-cane in the Surat district; cotton in Bharuch; Tobacco in Anand etc.—and what this means for the socio-economic web of relations and dominant structuring principles which ‘locate’ lives in these areas to-day.
Iris Murdoch and the Quality of Consciousness
Authors: Lovibond Sabina 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Murdoch’s moral philosophy lays stress on the need to resist our natural tendency to self-absorption and turn our attention outward, so as to appreciate the value present in nature, art, and (above all) other persons. In this way, she argues, we can work to amend the quality of our states of consciousness, and hence (indirectly) of our actions. By way of commentary on this view, the present essay suggests that Murdoch’s early apprenticeship in Marxist politics—and her subsequent rejection of Marxism—may have left a trace both in the idea that ‘our states of consciousness differ in quality’ (and thus admit of improvement); and also in the specific, distinctively ‘idealist’ course indicated by her mature philosophy for the project of moral self-criticism.
Judith Butler on Political Agency
Authors: Lovibond Sabina 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The ‘critique of reason’ in feminist and postmodernist theory calls upon us to rethink conceptions of the rational subject—the subject of thought and choice—inherited from the Enlightenment. As an element in her critique of this humanist tradition, Judith Butler (following Nietzsche) rejects the conception of the subject as a ‘doer behind the deed’, and offers an alternative model of resistance to our familiar imperatives of gender identity. Drawing mainly on the introduction to Butler’s Bodies That Matter, this essay aims to clarify what she thinks is wrong with the kind of feminism that opposes ‘sex’ (the biological datum) to ‘gender’ (the cultural construct)—that is, with the main current of feminist thinking since the 1970s. It suggests that Butler may have exaggerated the ideological difference between herself and those feminists who have appealed to a sex/gender distinction.
Nominal morphology
Authors: Dixon R. M. W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter is a detailed account of the structure of nouns and adjectives, which are grouped together as ‘nominals’ since they show identical morphology. The case system has ten terms—absolutive, ergative, accusative, locative, allative, ablative, dative, instrumental, aversive, and comitative. Each of these is characterised. There is then discussion of tests to distinguish suffixal homonymy—ergative and instrumental, dative, and allative, locative and aversive. Two suffixes undertake ‘double duty’, as derivation and as inflection. There is then an inventory of derivational suffixes. The final section describes the inchoative (intransitive) and causative (transitive) verbalising suffixes. And the rather special set of delocutive verbs.
Noun markers, demonstratives, and verb markers—base part
Authors: Dixon R. M. W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAn unusual and intriguing feature of Dyirbal grammar is the pervasive roles of noun markers and verb markers. Noun markers are like determiners, typically accompanying a noun within an NP. The base part of a noun marker has three components. Two of them are pieces of new information: (a) the gender of the noun (note that a noun marker is the only place where gender is shown); (b) whether the referent of the noun is visible and near the speaker, ya(la)- (‘here’), visible and not near the speaker, ba(la)- (‘there’), not visible ŋa(la)-, or questioned/indefinite wuñje- (‘where/somewhere’). The third component of the base part of a noun marker shows a core or non-spatial peripheral case, or simple genitive, agreeing with the inflection of the noun it is modifying. A verb marker has two components, the first is identical to (b) for noun makers, the second is statement of a spatial peripheral case, which agrees with an accompanying nominal in this case. There is also discussion—inter alia—of the semantics of the ‘not visible’ base; of the role of the nominal demonstrative; and of the additional base form gila - ‘somewhere’ (with a defective paradigm).
Particles
Authors: Dixon R. M. W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractParticles are independent, non-inflecting words which relate to a whole clause, either to a main clause or to a relative clause in which they occur. Some—such as guru ‘not’— have a simple meaning, others a more intricate one. The particle añja is phonologically unique (being the only word in the language which does not have an initial consonant) and grammatically wide-ranging. Four basic uses can be recognised: (I) marking a new pivot; (II) marking a new type of activity; (III) marking a new state; and (IV) marking the culmination of some sequence of activities. There are 18 other particles. Four relate to endeavour and four more have a negative nuance. A number have fascinating meanings. For example, birri ‘could have happened but didn’t’ and mugu ‘couldn’t be helped’. Chloe Grant commented that putting mugu in made it ‘that’s alright’. That is, one can’t be blamed for something which is unavoidable. There is full description of the meaning and function of each particle.
Following the Dead
Authors: Singh Ravi Nandan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The funerary territory of the ghat where cremations take place in Banaras is broadly organized around two kinds of publics. One, the relatively stable public of the in-residence funeral workers, who manage the open-air manual cremation, and two, the shifting public of the funeral travellers who accompany a funeral. The chapter is an introduction to the ways in which these two types of publics come together to make the river edge cremation complex an intersecting site of ritual practice, bargaining of funeral fees, the dexterous performance of cremation work, as well as that of pyre gazing and contemplation. A complex form of spoken expression, what I call as ‘sighing speech’ surfaces here in perceiving the place, its publics, and its relation to life and death. Such an emergent and contingent genre of speech surprisingly gives expression to how death forms a continuum with the rough texture of life. While face to face with the pyres nothing is truer than death, yet the moment you turn away, death must metamorphose itself to accompany the living. In this chapter, the author proposes that it is this duel between being true to death (and the dead) and death seemingly obliviated by life that informs both mourning and the return to the ordinary for the living. This introductory chapter sets the tone for the funeral travelling described in the book.