bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic learning from neural network‐based control for sampled‐data strict‐feedback nonlinear systems
Authors: Zhang Fukai , Wu Weiming , Wang Cong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article focuses on the dynamic learning and control problem for a class of nonlinear sampled‐data systems in strict‐feedback form. To achieve learning of unknown system dynamics in closed‐loop control, two obstacles need to be overcome: the inherent noncausal problem in the backstepping design of discrete‐time nonlinear systems, and the exponential stability of the sampling closed‐loop error system. First, a novel command filtered adaptive neural control is developed to achieve closed‐loop stability and the convergence of output tracking error based on Lyapunov theory, the noncausal problem is overcome by utilizing the command filter technique, and the ‐step delay is avoided in the recursive process. Second, by combining a state transformation method, the closed‐loop error system is divided into perturbed linear time‐varying (LTV) subsystems. Based on the convergence of the tracking errors, the partial persistent excitation (PE) condition of the radial basis function network is verified and established recursively. By extending the exponential stability result of a class of discrete‐time LTV systems, the convergence of the estimated weights to their optimal values is guaranteed with the PE condition. Subsequently, locally accurate approximation/learning of the unknown closed‐loop sampled dynamics can be obtained and stored in the form of constant neural networks. Finally, by reutilizing the acquired knowledge, a learning‐based control scheme for the sampled‐data system is further proposed to pursue improved control performance. Simulation studies are performed to illustrate the validity of the proposed scheme.
Theobroma cacao: Somatic Embryogenesis
Authors: Guillou Caroline , Verdier Dorothée 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA two-step process combining direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis, on solid and liquid medium, respectively is described forTheobroma cacao L.Staminodes and petals from unopened bud flowers are used to induce primary direct embryos. Then, these primary embryos are cut to produce embryogenic calli which will develop secondary embryos. This step of indirect SE allows us to produce large quantities of embryos and to do mass propagation using liquid culture medium. Despite a very strong clone dependency and high batch-to-batch variability, about 80% ofT. cacaocultivars respond to somatic embryogenesis and can be propagated by this method.
Comparability, Competition and Control: Performance Management in the Correctional Services of Germany and England and Wales
Authors: Iloga Balep Nathalie , Guter-Sandu Andrei , Mennicken Andrea , Huber Christian 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungIn den vergangenen drei Jahrzehnten hat Performance Measurement im öffentlichen Sektor über New Public Management stetig zugenommen, so auch im Strafvollzug. Dieses Kapitel vergleicht Leistungsmessungssysteme in den Strafvollzugssystemen von Deutschland sowie England und Wales und geht dabei auf drei Hauptthemen ein: Erstens beschreiben wir die grundlegenden Merkmale beider Strafvollzugssysteme. Zweitens gehen wir der Frage nach, welche formalen Gründe hinter der Einführung von Performance Measurement-Instrumenten stehen. Drittens untersuchen wir die Effekte von Leistungssmessungssystemen auf die Steuerung des Strafvollzugs. Abschließend diskutieren wir, unter welchen Bedingungen Leistungsmessungssysteme einen produktiven Austausch zwischen verschiedenen Akteuren, Interessen und teilweise konfliktären Werten und Zielen ermöglichen können. Dem in englischer Sprache verfassten Beitrag ist eine deutschsprachige Kurzfassung vorangestellt.
Bubble nucleation to all orders
Authors: Ekstedt Andreas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper extends classical results by Langer and Kramers [1–3] and combines them with modern methods from high-temperature field theory [4–8]. Assuming Langevin dynamics, the end-product is an all-orders description of bubble-nucleation at high temperatures. Specifically, it is shown that equilibrium and non-equilibrium effects factorize to all orders — the nucleation rate splits into a statistical and a dynamical prefactor. The derivation clarifies, and incorporates, higher-order corrections from zero-modes [9–11]. The rate is also shown to be real to all orders in perturbation theory. The methods are applied to several models. As such, Feynman rules are given; the relevant power-counting is introduced; RG invariance is shown; the connection with the effective action is discussed, and an explicit construction of propagators in an inhomogeneous background is given. The formalism applies to both phase and Sphaleron transitions. While mainly focused on field theory, the methods are applicable to finite-dimensional systems. Finally, as this paper assumes an effective Langevin description [4–7, 12–14], all results only hold within this framework.
Activation of non-classical NMDA receptors by glycine impairs barrier function of brain endothelial cells
Authors: Epping Lisa , Schroeter Christina B. , Nelke Christopher , Bock Stefanie , Gola Lukas , Ritter Nadine , Herrmann Alexander M. , Räuber Saskia , Henes Antonia , Wasser Beatrice , Fernandez-Orth Juncal , Neuhaus Winfried , Bittner Stefan , Budde Thomas , Platten Michael , Kovac Stjepana , Seebohm Guiscard , Ruck Tobias , Cerina Manuela , Meuth Sven G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBlood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity is necessary to maintain homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS). NMDA receptor (NMDAR) function and expression have been implicated in BBB integrity. However, as evidenced in neuroinflammatory conditions, BBB disruption contributes to immune cell infiltration and propagation of inflammatory pathways. Currently, our understanding of the pathophysiological role of NMDAR signaling on endothelial cells remains incomplete. Thus, we investigated NMDAR function on primary mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (MBMECs). We detected glycine-responsive NMDAR channels, composed of functional GluN1, GluN2A and GluN3A subunits. Importantly, application of glycine alone, but not glutamate, was sufficient to induce NMDAR-mediated currents and an increase in intracellular Ca2+concentrations. Functionally, glycine-mediated NMDAR activation leads to loss of BBB integrity and changes in actin distribution. Treatment of oocytes that express NMDARs composed of different subunits, with GluN1 and GluN3A binding site inhibitors, resulted in abrogation of NMDAR signaling as measured by two-electrode voltage clamp (TEVC). This effect was only detected in the presence of the GluN2A subunits, suggesting the latter as prerequisite for pharmacological modulation of NMDARs on brain endothelial cells. Taken together, our findings argue for a novel role of glycine as NMDAR ligand on endothelial cells shaping BBB integrity.
Palliative care on the radiation oncology ward—improvements in clinical care through interdisciplinary ward rounds
Authors: Oertel Michael , Schmidt Renate , Steike David Rene , Eich Hans Theodor , Lenz Philipp 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Palliative care is essential for patients with terminal diseases and aims at effective symptom control. This may stand in opposition to radiation treatment as an oncological treatment modality. The hereby presented work demonstrates the successful integration of a palliative care service in the radiation oncology ward.

Methods
Since 2015, 1018 patients were seen by the palliative care service on the radiation oncology ward and have been analyzed in this single center study. To assess teaching efficacy of the consultation service, a survey was conducted among 15 radiation oncology residents.

Results
Cooperation between the two departments proved to be efficient with rising patient numbers. Palliative care was able to guide appropriate postdischarge care with the number of patients dying on the radiation oncology ward decreasing significantly (p = 0.009). The main topics for consultation were pain medication (92.3%), organization of postdischarge care (92.3%), and psycho-oncological support (84.6%). Most residents had a positive image of the palliative care service and consented on adjectives like “enriching”, “empathic”, “collegial”, “professionally founded”, and a “low threshold for consultation”. All participants agreed that cooperation deepened their knowledge on palliative care.

Conclusion
A synergistic cooperation between a palliative care consultation service and a radiation oncology department addresses patient symptoms on an individual level. It confers advanced knowledge on palliative care which is essential for resident education and patient treatment.
Nosokomiale Infektionen und Antibiotikaanwendung in Langzeitpflegeeinrichtungen. Deutsche Ergebnisse der dritten europäischen Punkt-Prävalenz-Erhebung HALT-3
Authors: Schmidt Nicole , Marujo Vanda , Eckmanns Tim , Zacher Benedikt , Arvand Mardjan , Ruscher Claudia 
Published: August 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Ziel
Die wichtige Rolle der Maßnahmen zur Infektionsprävention und -kontrolle in Langzeitpflegeeinrichtungen ist im Kontext der aktuellen SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie besonders deutlich geworden. Um eine verlässliche Datenbasis zu nosokomialen Infektionen und Antibiotikaanwendung zu gewinnen, hat das European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) 2016–2017 die dritte Punkt-Prävalenz-Erhebung in europäischen Langzeitpflegeeinrichtungen (HALT-3) initiiert.

Material und Methoden
In Deutschland nahmen 131 Einrichtungen mit 10.565 Bewohnern teil. An einem Stichtag 2016 wurden die Anzahl von nosokomialen Infektionen, die Antibiotikaanwendung sowie Pflegecharakteristika und Risikofaktoren der Bewohner erhoben. Infektionen wurden symptombasiert anhand von Algorithmen entsprechend der McGeer-Surveillance-Definitionen für Pflegeeinrichtungen erfasst.

Ergebnisse
Bei 177 Bewohnern wurde eine nosokomiale Infektion dokumentiert, was einer Prävalenz von 1,7 % (95 %-KI: 1,3–2,1) entspricht und im europäischen Vergleich (Mittelwert 3,9 %) ein eher niedriger Wert ist. Harnwegsinfektionen waren mit knapp 50 % die häufigsten Infektionen, gefolgt von Atemwegs‑, Haut- und Weichgewebeinfektionen. Die häufigsten Indikationen für eine Antibiotikaanwendung entsprechen den erfassten Infektionen. Bei 143 Bewohnern wurde eine Antibiotikaanwendung dokumentiert (Prävalenz 1,4 %, 95 %-KI: 1,1–1,7). Auffällig war der hohe Einsatz von Fluorchinolonen mit über 20 % aller Verordnungen.

Diskussion
Der Aufbau einer einrichtungsbasierten Surveillance von nosokomialen Infektionen und Antibiotikaanwendung könnte zusammen mit der Zurverfügungstellung von spezifisch auf die geriatrische Population zugeschnittenen Leitlinien zur Verbesserung der Infektionsprävention und zum rationaleren Einsatz von Antibiotika beitragen sowie die Qualität und Sicherheit in der Pflege erhöhen.
Neuropathischer Pruritus – evidenzbasierte Behandlungsempfehlungen
Authors: Baka Panoraia , Birklein Frank 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDer neuropathische Pruritus ist ein bisher vernachlässigtes Symptom einer Vielzahl von neurologischen Erkrankungen. Mechanische Engpasssyndrome peripherer Nerven oder Nervenwurzeln, raumfordernde Läsionen des Zentralnervensystems, chronisch-entzündliche neurologische Erkrankungen oder eine Polyneuropathie können einen neuropathischen Pruritus verursachen. Selbst wenn die Identifizierung der zugrunde liegenden neurologischen Erkrankung erfolgreich ist, ist eine kausale Therapie nicht immer möglich, sodass eine effiziente symptomatische Behandlung die einzige therapeutische Option darstellt. Der Zweck dieser Übersichtsarbeit ist, die aktuelle Literatur zu verschiedenen Wirkstoffen und Therapieoptionen bei der Behandlung des neuropathischen Pruritus darzustellen.
Do credit supply shocks have asymmetric effects?
Authors: Finck David , Rudel Paul 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThey do. Partly. We identify credit supply shocks via sign restrictions in a Bayesian VAR and separate them into positive and negative. Using local projections, we find that positive credit supply shocks leave notably different prints in private debt, mortgage debt, and debt-to-GDP, as opposed to negative credit supply shocks. This pattern is caused by the response of household mortgage debt. Furthermore, we find evidence that positive credit supply shocks are the driving force behind boom-bust cycles. Yet, developments behind the boom-bust cycle cannot explain the strong and persistent response in debt; but house prices tend to. However, if we abstract from potential asymmetries, we get rather mild results, which underestimate the true effects of credit supply shocks.
Combining VGOS, legacy S/X and GNSS for the determination of UT1
Authors: Diamantidis Periklis-Konstantinos , Haas Rüdiger , Varenius Eskil , Schartner Matthias , Matsumoto Saho 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe perform a combination on the observation level (COL) between VLBI and co-located GNSS in the context of VLBI intensive sessions. Our approach revolves around an estimation procedure which uses 3 h of GNSS data that uniformly encapsulate the 1-h VLBI data, in order to provide consistent troposphere information. We test this approach on both VGOS and Legacy S/X using the VGOS-B and concurrently observed INT1 sessions. The COL strategy is found to increase the precision by 15 % over both session types and leads to an increase of 65 % in the agreement between the sessions when estimating tropospheric gradients every 3 h. A more frequent estimation of the gradients every 1 h, which can be rigorously pursued with the utilization of multi-GNSS, results in a further convergence of the two session types by 30 %. The COL-aided length-of-day (LOD) products also show a 55 % better agreement to external GNSS-derived LOD. In the light of the increasing precision of broadcast GNSS orbits and clocks, this COL strategy can be used to derive rapid UT1-UTC products.
Can the intra-operative measurement of the diameter of the femoral head help surgeons to choose the best size of the acetabular cup?
Authors: Muñoz-Mahamud Ernesto , Chimeno Clara , Tornero Eduard , Alías Alfonso , Fernández-Valencia Jenaro Ángel , Combalia Andrés 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Purpose
We hypothesized that the intra-operative measurement of the femoral head may increase the accuracy of the acetabular cup size optimal selection in total hip arthroplasty (THA). The purpose of this clinical research was to analyze the correlation between the estimated cup size from intra-operative measurement of the femoral head and the pre-operative templated cup size.

Methods
A prospective observational single-center study was conducted from June 2019 to January 2020 including primary THA (n = 100). All cases were pre-operatively templated. The measurement of the anterior–posterior diameter of the femoral head was routinely intra-operatively performed. Any definitive implanted cup was considered as “oversized” when the size was > 4 mm than the diameter of the native head.

Results
The median (interquartile range) size of the implanted cup, pre-operative planned cup size, and diameter of the femoral head were measured 52 (50–54) mm, 50 (48–54) mm and 49 (45–51) mm, respectively. Pre-operative planned size cup accurately predicted the implanted cup or differed in only one size (2 mm) in 77 (78%) cases. Otherwise, intra-operative femoral head measurement method accurately predicted the implanted or differed in only one size (2 mm) in 51 (87%) cases (p = 0.097).

Conclusion
The intra-operative femoral head measurement is a simple and reliable tool to help the surgeons choose the best size of the acetabular cup and is as reliable as the pre-operative templating in order to avoid cup oversizing in THA. Utmost caution is warranted whenever the cup reamer is > 4 mm than the anterior–posterior diameter of the native head.
Digital Follow‐Up After Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Daliya Prita , Carvell Jody , Rozentals Judith , Lobo Dileep N. , Parsons Simon L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough recommendations exist for patients to be offered a post‐operative helpline or telephone follow‐up appointment at discharge after cholecystectomy, implementation of these is resource‐intensive. Whilst the benefits of telephone follow‐up are well documented, the use of digital modalities is less so. We aimed to identify if digital follow‐up (DFU) was equivalent to routine care with telephone follow‐up (TFU), for patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.MethodsAll patients listed for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy between August 2016 and March 2018 were offered routine post‐operative care (TFU or no follow‐up) or DFU at a tertiary referral centre in Nottingham.ResultsOf 597 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 199 (33.3%) opted for TFU, and 98 (16.4%) for DFU. DFU was completed for 85 (86.7%) participants and TFU for 125 (62.8%), p < 0.0001. Over 5 times as many patients who chose TFU missed their appointment compared to DFU (5.6% vs. 30.9%, p < 0.001). At 30‐days post‐operatively, patients undergoing TFU had significantly more post‐operative wound infections identified then those undergoing DFU (17.6% vs 5.9%, p = 0.01). However, this did not impact the incidence of 30‐day readmissions between groups (7.2% TFU vs. 7.1% DFU). No complications were missed by either the DFU or TFU modalities. DFU was completed significantly earlier than TFU (median 6 days vs. 13.5 days, p = 0.001) with high patient acceptability, identifying complications and alerting clinicians to those patients requiring an early review.ConclusionThis feasibility study has demonstrated that digital follow‐up is an acceptable alternative to telephone follow‐up after elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
An update on antibody–drug conjugates in urothelial carcinoma: state of the art strategies and what comes next
Authors: D’Angelo Alberto , Chapman Robert , Sirico Marianna , Sobhani Navid , Catalano Martina , Mini Enrico , Roviello Giandomenico 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn recent years, considerable progress has been made in increasing the knowledge of tumour biology and drug resistance mechanisms in urothelial cancer. Therapeutic strategies have significantly advanced with the introduction of novel approaches such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor inhibitors. However, despite these novel agents, advanced urothelial cancer is often still progressive in spite of treatment and correlates with a poor prognosis. The introduction of antibody–drug conjugates consisting of a target-specific monoclonal antibody covalently linked to a payload (cytotoxic agent) is a novel and promising therapeutic strategy. In December 2019, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted accelerated approval to the nectin-4-targeting antibody–drug conjugate, enfortumab vedotin, for the treatment of advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinomas that are refractory to both immune checkpoint inhibitors and platinum-based treatment. Heavily pre-treated urothelial cancer patients reported a significant, 40% response to enfortumab vedotin while other antibody–drug conjugates are currently still under investigation in several clinical trials. We have comprehensively reviewed the available treatment strategies for advanced urothelial carcinoma and outlined the mechanism of action of antibody–drug conjugate agents, their clinical applications, resistance mechanisms and future strategies for urothelial cancer.
Incidence of genitourinary complications following radiation therapy for localised prostate cancer
Authors: David Rowan V. , Kahokehr Arman A. , Lee Jason , Watson David I. , Leung John , O’Callaghan Michael E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Studies of genitourinary toxicity following radiotherapy for prostate cancer are mainly from high volume single institutions and the incidence and burden of treatment remain uncertain. Hence we determine the cumulative incidence of treatment-related genitourinary toxicity in patients with localised prostate cancer treated with primary external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) at a state population level.

Methods
We analysed data from a prospective population-based cohort, including hospital admission and cancer registry data, for men with localised prostate cancer who underwent primary EBRT without nodal irradiation between 1998 and 2019 in South Australia. The 10-year cumulative incidence of genitourinary toxicity requiring hospitalisation or procedures was determined. Clinical predictors of toxicity and the volume of admissions, non-operative, minor operative and major operative procedures were determined.

Results
All the included patients (n = 3350) had EBRT, with a median (IQR) of 74 Gy (70–78) in 37 fractions (35–39). The 10-year cumulative incidence of was 28.4% (95% CI 26.3–30.6) with a total of 2545 hospital admissions, including 1040 (41%) emergency and 1893 (74%) readmissions. The 10-year cumulative incidence of patients in this cohort requiring a urological operative procedure was 18% (95% CI 16.1–19.9), with a total of 106 (4.2%) non-operative, 1044 (41%) minor operative and 57 (2.2%) major operative urological procedures.

Conclusions
Genitourinary toxicity after radiotherapy for prostate cancer is common. Although there continue to be advancements in radiotherapy techniques, patients and physicians should be aware of the risk of late toxicity when considering EBRT.
The epidemiology of dystonia: the Hannover epidemiology study
Authors: Dressler Dirk , Altenmüller Eckart , Giess Ralf , Krauss Joachim K. , Adib Saberi Fereshte 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe prevalence of dystonia has been studied since the 1980s. Due to different methodologies and due to varying degrees of awareness, resulting figures have been extremely different. We wanted to determine the prevalence of dystonia according to its current definition, using quality-approved registries and based on its relevance for patients, their therapy and the health care system. We applied a service-based chart review design with the City of Hannover as reference area and a population of 525,731. Barrier-free comprehensive dystonia treatment in few highly specialised centres for the last 30 years should have generated maximal dystonia awareness, a minimum of unreported cases and a high degree of data homogeneity. Prevalence [n/1mio] and relative frequency is 601.1 (100%) for all forms of dystonia, 251.1 (42%) for cervical dystonia, 87.5 (15%) for blepharospasm, 55.2 (9%) for writer’s cramp, 38.0 (6%) for tardive dystonia, 32.3 (5%) for musician’s dystonia, 28.5 (5%) for psychogenic dystonia, 26.6 (4%) for generalised dystonia, 24.7 (4%) for spasmodic dysphonia, 20.9 (3%) for segmental dystonia, 15.2 (3%) for arm dystonia and 13.3 (2%) for oromandibular dystonia. Leg dystonia, hemidystonia and complex regional pain syndrome-associated dystonia are very rare. Compared to previous meta-analytical data, primary or isolated dystonia is 3.3 times more frequent in our study. When all forms of dystonia including psychogenic, generalised, tardive and other symptomatic dystonias are considered, our dystonia prevalence is 3.7 times higher than believed before. The real prevalence is likely to be even higher. Having based our study on treatment necessity, our data will allow better allocation of resources for comprehensive dystonia treatment.