bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary serum and fecal metabolomics study of spontaneously diabetic cynomolgus monkeys based on LC–MS/MS
Authors: Tian Chaoyang , Qiu Mingyin , Lv Haizhou , Yue Feng , Zhou Feifan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundUsing untargeted metabolomics techniques, the goal of the study is to differentially screen serum and feces metabolite profiles of spontaneously diabetic and healthy cynomolgus monkeys, to explore potential serum and fecal biomarkers and analyze affected metabolic pathways.MethodsWe adopted the diagnostic criteria for T2DM recommended by ADA for humans: FSG ≥7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dl) and HbA1c ≥ 6.5%. The serum and feces samples from three diagnosed spontaneously T2DM cynomolgus monkeys and 11 age‐matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. We employed LC–MS/MS‐based untargeted metabolomic methods to reveal the differential metabolite profiles of serum and feces samples between the two groups and to analyze the affected metabolic pathways in MetaboAnalyst 5.0 based on KEGG library.ResultsSix and 44 differential metabolites were identified in serum and feces samples, respectively, and the corresponding affected commonly metabolic pathways involved several metabolic ways, such as arginine biosynthesis, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, and histidine metabolism.ConclusionThe differential potential serum and feces biomarkers obtained from the LC–MS/MS based untargeted metabolomic may help to explain the potential pathophysiological mechanisms of T2DM and offer pivotal information for the early diagnosis and treatment of DM.
Student and School Characteristics Associated With COVID‐19‐Related Learning Decline Among Middle and High School Students in K‐12 Schools*
Authors: Fisher Holly H. , Hawkins Georgianne T. , Hertz Marci , Sliwa Sarah , Beresovsky Vladislav 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDCOVID‐19‐disrupted schools, including shifts to virtual learning which may have impacted academic progress. This study assessed characteristics associated with changes in academic grades (before and during the pandemic) for different learning modalities for US students ages 13‐19.METHODSStudents (N = 2152) completed a web survey on school‐related experiences during the 2020‐2021 school year. County social vulnerability and SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission data were merged with survey data. Multivariable logistic regression analysis for grade change was conducted with student and school characteristics for each learning modality, controlling for community characteristics.RESULTSGreater proportions of remote/virtual (34.4%) and hybrid (30.1%) learning students reported grade decline compared to in‐person students (19.9%). Among in‐person students, odds of reporting same/improved grades were 65% lower among non‐Hispanic black students and 66% lower among non‐Hispanic students from other races, compared to non‐Hispanic white students. Among hybrid students, odds of reporting same/improved grades for students reporting anxiety were 47% lower than students without anxiety, and odds of reporting same/improved grades among students reporting substance use were 40% lower than students not reporting substance use. Among remote/virtual students, odds of reporting same/improved grades among students with depression were 62% lower than odds of students not reporting depression symptoms. Remote/virtual students who received school‐provided educational services also had 1.55 times the odds of reporting same/improved grades, compared to remote/virtual students not receiving these services.CONCLUSIONSAcademic grades were negatively impacted during COVID‐19 and learning mode may have contributed. Understanding these impacts is critical to student health and academic achievement.
Macrobenthic diversity and its bioindicator potential in urban reservoirs: A Sri Lanka case study
Authors: Perera Gardi Arachchige Chamini Dineshika , Chandrasekara Withanage Upali 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStudies addressing the macrobenthic diversity and their potential as bioindicators in water quality assessment programs are sparse for Sri Lanka. The present study investigated the macrobenthic diversity in relation to water quality parameters in some urban reservoirs in the Western Province of Sri Lanka, assessing their potential as bio‐indicators in water quality assessment programs. The six study reservoirs included the Ihalagama Tank, Peralanda Tank, Kesbewa Tank, Boralesgamuwa Tank, Bolgoda Lake and Beira Lake. The microbenthic fauna abundance at randomly selected locations (n = 9) in each reservoir and selected water quality parameters (temperature; pH; electrical conductivity; total dissolved solids; BOD5; dissolved nitrates; total dissolved phosphate and alkalinity of the overlying water at each location were measured between July 2020 and January 2021, using standard data collection methods). The species richness (SR), species heterogeneity (H′) and species evenness (J) of the macrobenthic fauna in each reservoir were calculated, and the abundance and water quality data analysed using ANOVA and PCA as appropriate. A total of 13 macrobenthic taxa (Glyphidrilus sp., Limnodrilus socialis, Dero sp., Stratiomyd larva, Chironomid larva, Bellamya sp., Melanoides tuberculata, Gyraulus sp., Lymnaea sp., Paludomus sp., Thiara sp., Ancylus sp. and Mesostoma sp.) were observed from the six study reservoirs. The oligochaete tubificid worm L. socialis dominated the sediment samples, accounting for more than 94.7% of the total macrobenthic abundance, with the highest relative abundance of this species observed in Beira Lake (99.3%). The species richness of the macrobenthic community was highest in the Ihalagama and Kesbewa tanks (SR = 5), while it was the lowest in the Peralanda Tank (SR = 2). Since the benthic community was mainly dominated by L. socialis, the lowest species heterogeneity and species evenness values were observed in Beira Lake (H′ = 0.05; J = 0.03). The values of the water quality parameters among the study reservoirs varied, with Beira Lake exhibiting significantly high BOD5, dissolved nitrate, and total dissolved phosphate values (p < .05) than the other reservoirs, indicating a higher degree of eutrophication. Furthermore, the SR, J and H′ values for the study reservoirs decreased with increasing BOD5, dissolved nitrate and total dissolved phosphate levels. Thus, it was concluded that the abundance and diversity of macrobenthic fauna are primarily governed by water quality parameters. Furthermore, L. socialis can be used as a potential bioindicator organism in water quality assessment programs in urban reservoirs.
Bonomythy and the Goodward Life: Sacred‐Ethical Invitations to Pause, Prayer, and Politics in Plotinus and Levinas
Authors: Pessin Sarah 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDrawing on a constellation of insights in Plotinus (third century) and Emmanuel Levinas (1905‐1995), I explore an ethically inflected spiritual‐political alternative to theology which I call “bonomythy.” Unlike “theology” which offers us a reasoned God‐Account, “bonomythy” offers us a lived experience at the intersection of goodness (bonum) and transformational narrative (muthos). An alternative to the calculated confines of theology, its ethical framing also avoids the cacophony and coldness of atheisms and the sorts of atheologies which variously draw strength from nothingness, chaos, matter, and the “death of god.” Moreover, prioritizing phenomenological frames over epistemological ones, it is far warmer than the kinds of cool, spiritually‐reductive ethics one can find in Kantian frames or in the at times nihilistic logics of deconstruction at play in some postmodern approaches. In its cultivation of ethical desire as a passionate quest for the sacred bound up with doing good in the world, bonomythy emerges as a more ethically‐driven alternative not only to theology but to a variety of deconstructive, mystical, and theopoetic atheologies.
Isolated tracheobronchial mucormycosis: Report of a case and systematic review of literature
Authors: Damaraju Vikram , Agarwal Ritesh , Dhooria Sahajal , Sehgal Inderpaul Singh , Prasad Kuruswamy Thurai , Gupta Kirti , Prabhakar Nidhi , Aggarwal Ashutosh N. , Muthu Valliappan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundIsolated tracheobronchial mucormycosis (ITBM) is an uncommonly reported entity. Herein, we report a case of ITBM following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and perform a systematic review of the literature.Case description and systematic reviewA 45‐year‐old gentleman with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus presented with cough, streaky haemoptysis, and hoarseness of voice 2 weeks after mild COVID‐19 illness. Computed tomography and flexible bronchoscopy suggested the presence of a tracheal mass, which was spontaneously expectorated. Histopathological examination of the mass confirmed invasive ITBM. The patient had complete clinical and radiological resolution with glycaemic control, posaconazole, and inhaled amphotericin B (8 weeks). Our systematic review of the literature identified 25 additional cases of isolated airway invasive mucormycosis. The median age of the 26 subjects (58.3% men) was 46 years. Diabetes mellitus (79.2%) was the most common risk factor. Uncommon conditions such as anastomosis site mucormycosis (in two lung transplant recipients), post‐viral illness (post‐COVID‐19 [n = 3], and influenza [n = 1]), and post‐intubation mucormycosis (n = 1) were noted in a few. Three patients died before treatment initiation. Systemic antifungals were used in most patients (commonly amphotericin B). Inhalation (5/26; 19.2%) or bronchoscopic instillation (1/26; 3.8%) of amphotericin B and surgery (6/26; 23.1%) were performed in some patients. The case‐fatality rate was 50%, primarily attributed to massive haemoptysis.ConclusionIsolated tracheobronchial mucormycosis is a rare disease. Bronchoscopy helps in early diagnosis. Management with antifungals and control of risk factors is required since surgery may not be feasible.
Predictive value of systemic inflammatory response‐related indices for survival in tongue cancer
Authors: Li Liangbo , Li Zhanbo , Feng Xuanqi , Yang Zhao , Jin Nenghao , Zhu Liang , Zang Xiaoyi , Xing Lejun , Ren Yipeng , Zhang Haizhong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesWe assessed the potential prognostic significance of the preoperative systemic inflammation index, platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio in patients who underwent surgical resection.Subjects and MethodsThis retrospective study included 224 patients with clinicopathologically confirmed squamous carcinoma of the tongue who underwent surgery between August 2009 and December 2017. The optimal cut‐off values for the indices were determined by receiver operating characteristic curves. Correlations between the indices and clinicopathological variables were determined by Pearson chi‐square or Fisher exact tests. The Kaplan–Meier test was used to compare overall survival between groups (high and low values); the log‐rank or Breslow test was used to assess differences in survival. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to analyze predictive values of the indices as independent indicators of overall survival. Bilateral p values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsSignificant association was found between the indices and sex, tissue grade, tumor location, and lymph nodes metastases (p < 0.05). On Kaplan–Meier analysis, patients with lower values of the indices had longer overall survival (p < 0.05). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models identified age, lymph node metastases, and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio as independent predictors of overall survival.ConclusionThe studied indices have potential prognostic significance in patients with squamous tongue cancer.
Virtual reality in pediatrics, effects on pain and anxiety: A systematic review and meta‐analysis update
Authors: Tas Floris Q. , van Eijk Cynthia A. M. , Staals Lonneke M. , Legerstee Jeroen S. , Dierckx Bram 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionMedical procedures are often accompanied by pain and anxiety in pediatric patients. A relatively new technique to reduce pediatric pain and anxiety is virtual reality. Virtual reality is both applied as a distraction tool and as an exposure tool to prepare patients for medical procedures. Research into the application of virtual reality in medical settings is rapidly evolving. This meta‐analysis is an update of the meta‐analysis of Eijlers et al. investigating the effectiveness of virtual reality as an intervention tool on pain and anxiety in pediatric patients undergoing medical procedures.MethodsWe searched the databases Embase, Medline, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and PsycINFO. For each of these databases, different search strategies were developed. The search period from the meta‐analysis from Eijlers et al., reaching until April 2018, was extended to December 2020. Pain and anxiety outcomes during medical procedures were compared for virtual reality and standard care conditions for various medical procedures.ResultsThe search yielded 1824 articles, of which 13 met our inclusion criteria. Combined with 13 articles of Eijlers' review study, this resulted in 26 articles. Virtual reality was applied as distraction (n = 23) during medical procedures or as exposure (n = 4) before medical procedures. The effect of virtual reality distraction was mostly studied in patients during venous access (n = 10). The overall weighted standardized mean difference for virtual reality distraction was −0.67 (95% CI, −0.89 to −0.45; p < .001) on patient‐reported pain (based on 21 studies) and −0.74 (95% CI, −1.00 to −0.48; p < .001) on patient‐reported anxiety (based on 10 studies). The effect of virtual reality as an exposure tool on patient‐reported anxiety was significant too (standardized mean difference = −0.58; 95% CI, −1.15 to −0.01; p < .05).DiscussionThe current updated systematic review and meta‐analysis indicates that virtual reality is a useful tool to reduce pain and anxiety in pediatric patients undergoing a range of medical procedures as it significantly decreases pain and anxiety outcomes when compared to care as usual.
Comparison of Phosphorescent Pt(II) Complexes with C^N^N vs N^N^N Chelators and Caffeine‐Based NHC‐co‐ligands†
Authors: Kirse Thomas M. , Lüke Joschua , Maisuls Iván , Hepp Alexander , Strassert Cristian A. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTIn this work, we explored coordination compounds featuring caffeine‐based carbene co‐ligands and tridentate dianionic pincer luminophores derived from 2,6‐bis(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐yl)pyridine (N), as well as from 2‐phenyl‐6‐(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐yl)pyridine (C), bearing either Ad (adamantyl) or tBu (tertiary butyl) substituents. The new 2‐phenyl‐6‐(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐yl)pyridine‐based ligand precursors along with four Pt(II) complexes, namely Pt(C‐tBu), Pt(C‐Ad), Pt(N‐tBu) and Pt(N‐Ad) were characterized. Further on, the influence of the different substituents at the chelating luminophores and of the caffeine‐based NHC‐co‐ligand on the photophysical properties (including photoluminescence quantum yields (ΦL), excited‐state lifetimes (τ), radiative (kr), and non‐radiative (knr) deactivation rate constants) was assessed in fluid solutions at room temperature (RT) and in frozen glassy matrices at 77 K. All four luminophores perform equivalently well within the experimental uncertainty. In deoxygenated fluid solutions at RT, photoluminescence quantum yields reaching up to 24 ± 2% and excited‐state lifetimes of around 12 μs were found. The generally long excited‐state lifetimes and only minor blue shift upon cooling to 77 K along with mostly well‐resolved vibrational progressions point to metal‐perturbed ligand‐centered excited states. Notably, the yield of the complexation reaction in case of Pt(C‐tBu) and Pt(C‐Ad) was almost two times higher compared to Pt(N‐tBu) and Pt(N‐Ad). Cyclometallation is not an essential feature to achieve high photoluminescence quantum yields, but it can improve the synthetic efficiency. In summary, it can be observed that coordination chemical concepts based on natural products can lead to stable phosphorescent species with interesting excited‐state properties.
Increased risk of emergency department presentations for bronchiolitis in infants exposed to air pollution
Authors: Gallo Elisa , Bressan Silvia , Baraldo Simonetta , Bottigliengo Daniele , Geremia Sara , Acar Aslihan Senturk , Zagolin Luca , Marson Giovanna , Da Dalt Liviana , Gregori Dario 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAir pollution has been linked to an increased risk of several respiratory diseases in children, especially respiratory tract infections. The present study aims to evaluate the association between pediatric emergency department (PED) presentations for bronchiolitis and air pollution. PED presentations due to bronchiolitis in children aged less than 1 year were retrospectively collected from 2007 to 2018 in Padova, Italy, together with daily environmental data. A conditional logistic regression based on a time‐stratified case‐crossover design was performed to evaluate the association between PED presentations and exposure to NO2, PM2.5, and PM10. Models were adjusted for temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, and public holidays. Delayed effects in time were evaluated using distributed lag non‐linear models. Odds ratio for lagged exposure from 0 to 14 days were obtained. Overall, 2251 children presented to the PED for bronchiolitis. Infants’ exposure to higher concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 in the 5 days before the presentation to the PED increased the risk of accessing the PED by more than 10%, whereas high concentrations of NO2 between 2 and 12 days before the PED presentation were associated with an increased risk of up to 30%. The association between pollutants and infants who required hospitalization was even greater. A cumulative effect of NO2 among the 2 weeks preceding the presentation was also observed. In summary, PM and NO2 concentrations are associated with PED presentations and hospitalizations for bronchiolitis. Exposure of infants to air pollution could damage the respiratory tract mucosa, facilitating viral infections and exacerbating symptoms.
High biochar rates may suppress rice (Oryza sativa) growth by altering the ratios of C to N and available N to P in paddy soils
Authors: Nguyen Binh Thanh , Nguyen Vinh Ngoc , Nguyen Tong Xuan , Nguyen My Hoang , Dong Hao Phu , Dinh Gai Dai , Van Nguyen Nghia , Pham Tan‐Viet 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlthough most studies have indicated that biochar can boost rice (Oryza sativa) growth, the material may also suppress it, depending on ratios of carbon (C) to nitrogen (N) and available N to available phosphorous (P). The current study sought to examine the impacts of biochar on rice growth and to identify underlying mechanisms. A pot experiment was conducted using two soils of high (3.05%) and low (0.54%) organic carbon (OC) content, mixed with 0, 1.5, 3, 6, and 12% biochar and planted with rice. Rice growth components, five rice tissue nutrients, and nine soil properties were measured. The results showed that the response of rice growth to biochar rates could be described using an exponential‐growth function in high‐OC soil but an inverted U‐shaped curve in low‐OC soil. In high‐OC soil, the 12% biochar rate led to the greatest total biomass, increased by 47%, whereas in low‐OC soil, the 3 and 6% rates exhibited the highest total biomass, increased by 44%, compared to the no‐biochar added soils. Biochar elevated the C:N ratio from 11.5 to 39.1, with an optimal range of 20–30 corresponding to the highest rice growth. Biochar declined the ratio of NH4‐N to Mehlich‐1 P, causing N deficiency. In brief, high biochar rates may suppress rice growth when the soil C:N ratio exceeds 30. The applied biochar rate should be considered based on soil properties typically OC and N content to obtain the C:N ratio between 20 and 30 for optimal rice growth.
Investigating trial spaces: Thinking through legal spatiality beyond the court
Authors: Schliehe Anna , Jeffrey Alex 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper examines how the spaces through which legal trials take place shape attitudes towards justice. There has been a growing academic interest in the role of courts in configuring the relationships between trial participants and consequently reproducing pre‐established hierarchies of power. This paper builds on this work to consider the spatiality of trials from the perspective of a particular group of court users: defendants. Drawing on qualitative data drawn from a longitudinal study conducted in prisons in England and Wales, the paper examines how defendants perceive trial spaces, exploring in particular how such insights expand beyond the narrow focus on the courtroom to draw in experiences of transportation, holding cells, bodily restrictions, and the provision of food. In doing so, we seek to contribute to debates concerning penal consciousness, whereby the subjectivity and embodiment of individual participants illuminate differential experiences of the material and legal nature of trial processes. The paper concludes by emphasising how a focus on penal consciousness can help to address perceptions of the injustice of trial outcomes while improving the accessibility of courts.
In vitro storage characteristics of neonatal platelet concentrates after addition of 20% PAS‐E
Authors: Saunders Christine V. , Pearce Nicola B. , George Chloe 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAn observed decline in end‐of‐storage pH in plateletpheresis‐derived platelet concentrates for neonatal use suspended in 100% autologous plasma was expected to be reversed by the addition of a platelet additive solution, (PAS)‐E, increasing unit volume by approximately 20%. This study determined the impact on other in vitro storage parameters to ensure the expected increase in pH did not mask an adverse impact on component quality.Study Design and MethodsFor each replicate, one of a pair from a double adult dose plateletpheresis collection had approximately 50 ml of PAS‐E added on Day 3 of storage. Its unmodified twin served as a control. Each adult dose was split into four neonatal storage packs and tested on Days 3, 6, 7 and 8. Three of 12 replicates were from donors with a history of low pH at end of storage and reflected the worst‐case scenario for the new components. A further experiment evaluated whether any differences were simply due to the increased unit volume.ResultsIn the nine randomly selected collections, pH on Day 8 was approximately 0.4 units higher in the test units. Platelet activation tended to be lower, with CD62P surface expression on Day 8 of 54.6 ± 9.9% compared to 65.8 ± 10.7% for controls (p < 0.001). Test units from donors with historically low pH retained pH22°C levels above 6.8 compared to controls (<6.4 on Day 8).ConclusionThe addition of 20% PAS‐E by volume increased the buffering capacity of the units whilst maintaining other in vitro storage characteristics.