bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactions between anthropogenic stressors and recurring perturbations mediate ecosystem resilience or collapse
Authors: Keith DA , Benson DH , Baird IRC , Watts L , Simpson CC , Krogh M , Gorissen S , Ferrer-Paris JR , Mason TJ 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInsights into declines in ecosystem resilience, their causes and effects, can inform pre-emptive action to avoid ecosystem collapse and loss of biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well-being. Empirical studies of ecosystem collapse are rare and hampered by ecosystem complexity, non-linear and lagged responses, and interactions across scales. We investigated how an anthropogenic stressor could diminish ecosystem resilience to a recurring perturbation by altering a critical ecosystem driver. We studied groundwater-dependent, peat-accumulating, fire-prone wetlands in southeastern Australia. We hypothesised that underground mining (stressor) reduced resilience of these wetlands to landscape fires (perturbation) by diminishing groundwater, a key ecosystem driver. We monitored soil moisture as an indicator of ecosystem resilience during and after underground mining and, after a landscape fire, we compared the responses of multiple state variables representing ecosystem structure, composition and function in wetlands within the mining footprint to unmined reference wetlands. Soil moisture showed very strong evidence of decline without recovery in mined swamps, but was maintained in reference swamps through eight years. Relative to burnt reference swamps, burnt and mined swamps showed greater loss of peat via substrate combustion, reduced cover, height and biomass of regenerating vegetation, reduced post-fire plant species richness and abundance, altered plant species composition, increased mortality rates of woody plants, reduced post-fire seedling recruitment, and local extinction of a hydrophilc fauna species. Mined swamps therefore showed strong symptoms of post-fire ecosystem collapse, while reference swamps regenerated vigorously. We conclude that an anthropogenic stressor may diminish the resilience of an ecosystem to recurring perturbations, predisposing it to collapse. Avoidance of ecosystem collapse hinges on early diagnosis of mechanisms and preventative risk reduction. It may be possible to delay or ameliorate symptoms of collapse or to restore resilience, but the latter appears unlikely in our study system due to fundamental alteration of a critical ecosystem driver.
Stimulus-Response signaling dynamics characterize macrophage polarization states
Authors: Singh Apeksha , Sen Supriya , Adelaja Adewunmi , Hoffmann Alexander 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMacrophages show remarkable functional pleiotropy that is dependent on microenvironmental context. Prior studies have characterized how polarizing cytokines alter the transcriptomic and epigenetic landscape. Here we characterized the immune-threat appropriate responses of polarized macrophages by measuring the single-cell signaling dynamics of transcription factor NFκB. Leveraging a fluorescent protein reporter mouse, primary macrophages were polarized into 6 states and stimulated with 8 different stimuli resulting in a vast dataset. Linear Discriminant Analysis revealed how NFκB signaling codons compose the immune threat level of stimuli, placing polarization states along a linear continuum between the M1/M2 dichotomy. Machine learning classification revealed losses of stimulus distinguishability with polarization, which reflect a switch from sentinel to more canalized effector functions. However, the stimulus-response dynamics and discrimination patterns did not fit the M1/M2 continuum. Instead, our analysis suggests macrophage functional niches within a multi-dimensional polarization landscape.HighlightsPolarization of macrophages affects stimulus-response NFκB dynamicsFor each condition, NFκB signaling codons quantify the “immune threat” levelMachine Learning reveals polarization-induced canalization of stimulus-responsesNFκB stimulus-responses may define a landscape of macrophage stateseTOC blurbMacrophages are profoundly responsive to their tissue microenvironment, but how that affects their pathogen response functions has not been investigated systematically. Here we studied how their signaling response is affected by six polarizing cytokines. We found each modulates their stimulus-responses highly specifically, producing distinct patterns of stimulus-discrimination. Thereby, these stimulus-response specificities may be used to describe a landscape of functional macrophage states.Graphical Abstract
Extracellular vesicle fusion visualized by cryo-EM
Authors: Morandi Mattia I. , Busko Petro , Ozer-Partuk Efrat , Khan Suman , Zarfati Giulia , Elbaz-Alon Yael , Karam Paula Abou , Shogan Tina Napso , Ginini Lana , Gil Ziv , Regev-Rudzki Neta , Avinoam Ori 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) transfer bioactive molecules between cells in a process reminiscent of enveloped viruses. EV cargo delivery is thought to occur by protein-mediated and pH-dependent membrane fusion of the EV and the cellular membrane. However, there is a lack of methods to identify the fusion proteins and resolve their mechanism. We developed and benchmarked an in vitro biophysical assay to investigate EV membrane fusion. The assay was standardized by directly comparing EV- and viral-fusion with liposomes. We show that EVs and retroviruses fuse with liposomes mimicking the membrane composition of the late endosome in a pH and protein-dependent manner. Moreover, we directly visualize the stages of membrane fusion using cryo-electron tomography. We find that, unlike most retroviruses, EVs remain fusogenic after acidification and re-neutralization. These results provide novel insights into the EV cargo delivery mechanism and an experimental approach to identify the EV fusion machinery.
The global management accounting principles (GMAP) and the relationship between organizational design elements
Authors: Oyewo Babajide , Tauringana Venancio , Omikunle Babajide Moses , Owoyele Olusola 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the relationship between organizational design elements (i.e. quality of management accounting skills and performance management system, PMS), management accounting practice (MAP) sophistication and organizational competitiveness using the Global Management Accounting Principles (GMAP) framework.

Design/methodology/approach
Survey data was obtained through a structured questionnaire from 131 Nigerian firms. Measures of the quality of management accounting skills, robustness of PMS structure, MAP sophistication and organizational competitiveness were derived from the GMAP framework. Structural equation modelling was applied to explore the complexity of relationship among variables.

Findings
While the quality of management accounting skills was found to have a positive but insignificant impact on MAP sophistication, the impact of PMS structure on MAP sophistication was positive and significant. MAP sophistication has a positive impact on organizational competitiveness, but the magnitude of its contribution appears to depend on the quality of management accounting skills and the robustness of PMS structure. The inability of MAP sophistication to exert much influence on organizational competitiveness is attributable to the low contribution of management accounting skills. The result supports the proposition that performance is optimized when all organizational design elements are concurrently improved.

Practical implications
The study shows that organizations need to critically look into the quality of skills possessed by personnel in the accounting function, as all organizational design elements must be given equal importance to achieve the best results.

Originality/value
The study contributes to knowledge by investigating the quality of management accounting skills and the robustness of PMS as organizational design elements affecting MAP and organizational competitiveness using the GMAP framework. The study operationalizes some elements of the GMAP framework by developing measurements that can be used by future studies.
Simplification and further optimization of spatial cable-truss structure without inner ring cables
Authors: Lu Jian , Xue Suduo , Liu Renjie , Li Xiongyan 
Published: March 2022

PurposeIn order to optimize SCSWIRC, the simplification and further optimization method is proposed. SCSWIRC's optimization includes two levels. The first level refers to simplifying structural system from the perspective of components; the second level refers to optimizing components' sectional areas from the perspective of mechanics. The first level aims to remove redundant components, and the second level aims to reduce structural self-weight based on the first level. The purpose of the paper is to simplify SCSWIRC's structural system and optimize structural self-weight and reduce construction forming difficulty.Design/methodology/approachGrid-jumping layout and multi-objective optimization method is used to simplify and further optimize Spatial cable-truss structure without inner ring cables (SCSWIRC). Grid-jumping layout is used to simplify remove redundant components, and multi-objective optimization method is used to reduce structural self-weight. The detailed solving process is given based on grid-jumping layout and multi-objective optimization method.FindingsTake SCSWIRC with a span of 100m as an example to verify the feasibility and correctness of the simplification and further optimization method. The optimization results show that 12 redundant components are removed and the self-weight reduces by 3.128t from original scheme to grid-jumping layout scheme 1. The self-weight reduces from 36.007t to 28.231t and feasible coefficient decreases from 1.0 to 0.627 from grid-jumping layout scheme 1 to multi-objective optimization scheme. The simplification and further optimization can not only remove the redundant components and simplify structural system to reduce construction forming difficulty, but also optimize structural self-weight under considering structural stiffness to reduce project costs.Originality/valueThe proposed method firstly simplifies SCSWIRC and then optimizes the simplified SCSWIRC, which can solve the optimization problem from the perspective of components and mechanics. Meanwhile, the optimal section solving method can be used to obtain circular steel tube size with the optimal stiffness of the same areas. The proposed method successfully solves the problem of construction forming and project cost, which promotes the application of SCSWIRC in practical engineering.
A bibliometric study of collaborative research productivity among library and information science academicians in Pakistan 1975–2021
Authors: Khan Amjid , Hussain Abid 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
This study aims to explore the status of collaborative research productivity, major library and information sciences (LIS) research trends and the level of research among the LIS academicians as principal authors in Pakistan during 1975–2021 (47 years).

Design/methodology/approach
A quantitative research method was adopted to collect the required data using bibliometric patterns. The data of all faculty members working in LIS schools of Pakistan was collected from the official website of their employers/institutions. Different strategies were used to acquire respondents’ bibliographic/publication records such as faculty members’/employers’ official websites and faculty members’ Google Scholar profiles; advanced searching techniques were also used to retrieve their bibliographic records.

Findings
The results revealed that a total of 74 regular faculty members comprising 78.38% males and 21.62% females are working in 12 LIS Pakistani schools. A total of 1,787 papers were produced by LIS faculty, among which 702 were written by Pakistani LIS faculty as principal authors during the selected period. The results revealed that 60.72% of the principal authors’ work was produced in collaboration. The collaboration between faculty members and other faculty was 81%, while two authors' work productivity was on the top. No attention has been given to produce research in collaboration with international/foreign LIS experts, especially from developed countries.

Practical implications
The findings of this study are useful for faculties to have a richer understanding of the various elements of collaboration at national as well as international levels, and then discover the ways to begin and maintain effective partnerships to research emerging trends in LIS.

Originality/value
This study is a unique bibliometric study that systematically and quantitatively combined the research productivity of LIS academicians in Pakistan and provided a holistic sketch of the literature produced on various themes of LIS during 1975–2021.
Managerial perceptions in Indian apparel manufacturing: a firm-level survey
Authors: Gambhir Dhwani , Sharma Seema 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThe paper explores the managerial perceptions in Indian apparel manufacturing firms related to production performance, challenges faced, causes of low efficiency and the government support needed.Design/methodology/approachA structured survey of Indian apparel manufacturing firms was undertaken in person and through the online mode; the questionnaire was designed to collect data on demographic profile of a firm using categorical questions and perceptions of its top managers using a five-point Likert scale.FindingsThe survey findings reveal that most apparel manufacturing firms believe that exporting promotes efficiency and adopt output orientation to production, which may not be suitable in a competitive and uncertain environment. Machines are not used much for value-addition and labour related issues are most pressing challenges. Government support is expected for several aspects such as power supply and skill development.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper is limited by the nature of the sampling method and sample size; perceptions should be explored without bias and with good judgement.Practical implicationsThe survey findings suggest that government policy should have a firm-specific approach to support improved production performance along with generic policies to build infrastructure and logistical facilities.Originality/valueTo the best of authors’ knowledge, there has been no such exercise to study managerial perceptions related to production performance in Indian apparel manufacturing in the past decade.
Government dominance and the role of opposition in parliamentary democracies
Authors: KÖNIG THOMAS , LIN NICK , SILVA THIAGO N. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhile current research shows that the government dominates the policy agenda in parliamentary democracies, little is known about the role of the opposition in challenging this dominance. Taking a closer look at the parliamentary policy‐making process, we examine whether opposition support for partisan control of committee chairmanship makes challenges to government bills through amendment proposals more or less likely. By analysing about 7400 government bills from three parliamentary democracies over 35 years, our results show that, under opposition chairmanship, a high likelihood of opposition support fosters amendment proposals, but, under coalition partner chairmanship, the likelihood of government bills being challenged only increases when the likelihood of opposition support is low. This suggests that a unified opposition not only makes challenges to the government's agenda more likely but also conditions how coalition partners manage collective governance.
Racial and ethnic disparities in access to and enrollment in high‐quality Medicare Advantage plans
Authors: Park Sungchul , Werner Rachel M. , Coe Norma B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveRacial and ethnic minority enrollees in Medicare Advantage (MA) plans tend to be in lower‐quality plans, measured by a 5‐star quality rating system. We examine whether differential access to high‐rated plans was associated with this differential enrollment in high‐rated plans by race and ethnicity among MA enrollees.Data SourcesThe Medicare Master Beneficiary Summary File and MA Landscape File for 2016.Study DesignWe first examined county‐level MA plan offerings by race and ethnicity. We then examined the association of racial and ethnic differences in enrollment by star rating by controlling for the following different sets of covariates: (1) individual‐level characteristics only, and (2) individual‐level characteristics and county‐level MA plan offerings.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsNot applicablePrincipal FindingsRacial and ethnic minority enrollees had, on average, more MA plans available in their counties of residence compared to White enrollees (16.1, 20.8, 20.2, vs. 15.1 for Black, Asian/Pacific Islander, Hispanic, and White enrollees), but had fewer number of high‐rated plans (4‐star plans or higher) and/or more number of low‐rated plans (3.5‐star plans or lower). While racial and ethnic minority enrollees had lower enrollment in 4–4.5 star plans than White enrollees, this difference substantially decreased after accounting for county‐level MA plan offerings (−9.1 to −0.5 percentage points for Black enrollees, −15.9 to −5.0 percentage points for Asian/Pacific Islander enrollees, and −12.7 to 0.6 percentage points for Hispanic enrollees). Results for Black enrollees were notable as the racial difference reversed when we limited the analysis to those who live in counties that offer a 5‐star plan. After accounting for county‐level MA plan offerings, Black enrollees had 3.2 percentage points higher enrollment in 5‐star plans than White enrollees.ConclusionsDifferences in enrollment in high‐rated MA plans by race and ethnicity may be explained by limited access and not by individual characteristics or enrollment decisions.
Nearest neighbour distance matching Leave‐One‐Out Cross‐Validation for map validation
Authors: Milà Carles , Mateu Jorge , Pebesma Edzer , Meyer Hanna 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Several spatial and non‐spatial Cross‐Validation (CV) methods have been used to perform map validation when additional sampling for validation purposes is not possible, yet it is unclear in which situations one CV method might be preferred over the other. Three factors have been identified as determinants of the performance of CV methods for map validation: the prediction area (geographical interpolation vs. extrapolation), the sampling pattern and the landscape spatial autocorrelation. In this study, we propose a new CV strategy that takes the geographical prediction space into account, and test how the new method compares with other established CV methods under different configurations of these three factors.

We propose a variation of Leave‐One‐Out (LOO) CV for map validation, called Nearest Neighbour Distance Matching (NNDM) LOO CV, in which the nearest neighbour distance distribution function between the test and training data during the CV process is matched to the nearest neighbour distance distribution function between the target prediction and training points. Using random forest as a machine learning algorithm, we then examine the suitability of NNDM LOO CV as well as the established LOO (non‐spatial) and buffered‐LOO (bLOO, spatial) CV methods in two simulations with varying prediction areas, landscape autocorrelation and sampling distributions.

LOO CV provided good map accuracy estimates in landscapes with short autocorrelation ranges, or when estimating geographical interpolation map accuracy with randomly distributed samples. bLOO CV yielded realistic error estimates when estimating map accuracy in new prediction areas, but generally overestimated geographical interpolation errors. NNDM LOO CV returned reliable estimates in all scenarios we considered.

While LOO and bLOO CV provided reliable map accuracy estimates only in certain situations, our newly proposed NNDM LOO CV method returned robust estimates and generalised to LOO and bLOO CV whenever these methods were the most appropriate approach. Our work recognises the necessity of considering the geographical prediction space when designing CV‐based methods for map validation.
System‐level metabolic modeling facilitates unveiling metabolic signature in exceptional longevity
Authors: Li Gong‐Hua , Han Feifei , Xiao Fu‐Hui , Gu Kang‐Su‐Yun , Shen Qiu , Xu Weihong , Li Wen‐Xing , Wang Yan‐Li , Liang Bin , Huang Jing‐Fei , Xiao Wenzhong , Kong Qing‐Peng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough it is well known that metabolic control plays a crucial role in regulating the health span and life span of various organisms, little is known for the systems metabolic profile of centenarians, the paradigm of human healthy aging and longevity. Meanwhile, how to well characterize the system‐level metabolic states in an organism of interest remains to be a major challenge in systems metabolism research. To address this challenge and better understand the metabolic mechanisms of healthy aging, we developed a method of genome‐wide precision metabolic modeling (GPMM) which is able to quantitatively integrate transcriptome, proteome and kinetome data in predictive modeling of metabolic networks. Benchmarking analysis showed that GPMM successfully characterized metabolic reprogramming in the NCI‐60 cancer cell lines; it dramatically improved the performance of the modeling with an R2 of 0.86 between the predicted and experimental measurements over the performance of existing methods. Using this approach, we examined the metabolic networks of a Chinese centenarian cohort and identified the elevated fatty acid oxidation (FAO) as the most significant metabolic feature in these long‐lived individuals. Evidence from serum metabolomics supports this observation. Given that FAO declines with normal aging and is impaired in many age‐related diseases, our study suggests that the elevated FAO has potential to be a novel signature of healthy aging of humans.
Predicting vaginal birth after caesarean section: Validation of the Grobman model in a New Zealand population
Authors: Windsor Rachael Sarah , Clark Helen Elizabeth , Blasingame Jennifer Lynne Johnston 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe decision regarding mode of birth following a primary caesarean section is important. Women may choose an elective repeat caesarean section or a trial of labour in an attempt to achieve a vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC). The highest morbidity and mortality is associated with those who have an emergency caesarean section following a trial of labour. Therefore, the ability to accurately predict successful VBAC is important in antenatal counselling.AimsTo test the validity of the Grobman prediction nomogram in a New Zealand (NZ) population.Materials and methodsA retrospective cohort study was performed of women carrying a singleton, cephalic pregnancy at term and who had one previous lower segment caesarean section in Northland, NZ. The probabilities of successful VBAC were calculated using the variables in the Grobman model and compared with observed VBAC rates using a calibration curve. The predictive ability of the model was assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).ResultsOf the 421 eligible women, 354 elected to undergo a trial of labour, of whom 69.5% had a successful VBAC. The AUC for the Grobman model was 0.72 (95% CI 0.67‐0.78) with predicted and actual outcomes being similar when predicted success was over 50%. The predictive ability of the model appeared more accurate for Māori and Pacifika women compared to the NZ European population.ConclusionsThe Grobman model predicts successful VBAC reasonably well in a NZ population and can be used as an antenatal counselling aid.