bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PREPARATION OF PHYTOSOME OF KERSEN LEAVES (Muntingia calabura L.) ETHANOL EXRTACT AS ANTIOXIDANT
Authors: Akib Nur Illiyyin , Hendra Nabila Saraswati , Purnama Putri Andi Eka , Armadhani Indradewi , Tendri Adjeng Andi Nafisah , Mahmudah Rifa’atul 
Published: February 2022

Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) contains flavonoids that have the potential as antioxidants. However, its hydrophilic characteristics cause poor penetration so that its bioavailability is low. Research had been carried out on the preparation of ethanol extract of cherry leaves in ethosomal vesicle carriers. This study aimed to obtain the optimal phytosome suspension formula. Methods: Sample extraction was carried out by maceration method using ethanol as a solvent and was delipidated was by liquid-liquid method with n-hexane. The characterization of the extract included organoleptic, water-soluble extract content, ethanol soluble extract content, water content, ash content, acid insoluble ash content, and residual solvent. flavonoid contents were carried out by the TLC method and antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH method. Phytosome preparation was prepared by solvent evaporation and thin film hidration with ratio of extract and phosphatidylcholine 1:1 with concentration of 0.5% (A); 1% (B); and 1.5% (C). The characterization included observing morphology of vesicles using optical microscope, determining the size distribution of vesicles using PSA, and calculating the sorption efficiency using a spectrophotometer at max 281 nm. Results: The characteristics of extract were dark green; thick; distinctive aroma; ethanol soluble content were 70.91%; water soluble content were 32.5%; water content were 1.19%; ash content were 1.25%; acid insoluble ash content were 0.49%; and the remaining solvent was 0. The identification of flavonoids showed positive results. The extract has flavonoids and strong antioxidant activity with 62.71 g/mL for IC50. The shape is single layer large vesicle (LUV), diameter was 445.7 nm (A); 420.7 nm (B); and 419.6 nm (C). Vesicle entrapment efficiency was 5.83% (A); 47.575% (B); and 68.81% (C). It can be concluded that the optimal phytosome suspension formula is C with 1.5% phosphatidylcholine and 1.5% of extract.
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF ANTIOXIDANT COMPOUNDS FROM METHANOL EXTRACT OF SAPPAN WOOD (Caesalpinia sappan)
Authors: Yodha Agung Wibawa Mahatva , Abdillah Muamar , Indalifiany Astrid , _ Elfahmi , _ Sahidin 
Published: February 2022

Sappan wood extract (Caesalpinia sappan) provides better antioxidant properties than ascorbic acid. Empirically, Sappan wood is often used as traditional medicine. To support the utilization of Sappan wood, the isolation and identification of active antioxidant compounds from the methanol extract of Sappan wood had been conducted from this study. Extraction was performed with maceration and evaporation methods. The spots of active antioxidant compounds in TLC-DPPH observations were isolated using liquid vacuum chromatography to obtain two pure compounds. The results of the LC-MS/MS identification of the two compounds, respectively, exhibited peak fragmentation of molecular ions at m/z 271.09, 257.15, 167.03, 151.06, 123.12, and 104.06 at the retention time of 6.35 minutes which were translated as Alpinetine and peak fragmentation of molecular ion at m/z 287.09, 177.06, 164.05, 123.04 and 110.04 at a retention time of 5.75. minutes which were translated as 3-Deoxysappanone B. The antioxidant activity quantitatively showed that Alpinetine and 3-Deoxysappanone B were capable of scavenging DPPH radicals with IC50 values ​​of 20.11 M and 15.28 M, respectively.
PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN ASESMEN GERAK LURUS PADA MATA PELAJARAN FISIKA SMA
Authors: Agriawan Muhammad Nurkhalis , Saldi Muhammad , Kadir Muh. Ridwan 
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji validitas, reliabilitas, tingkat kesukaran, dan daya beda dari instrumen tes yang disusun. Adapun subjek dari penelitian ini adalah peserta didik SMA kelas X sebanyak 20 orang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Research and Development (R&D). Tahapan hasil dari penelitian ini adalah hasil pengembangan dan hasil uji coba. Hasil pengembangan yang diperoleh adalah instrumen tes berupa soal pilihan ganda. Untuk hasil uji coba, diperoleh data pada uji validitas adalah rendah. Uji coba reliabilitas r11 = -0,023072486, r11< 0,20 menunjukkan bahwa reliabilitas instrumen tes sangat rendah. Uji tingkat kesukaran soal mudah 60%, sangat sukar 25%, dan sedang 15%. Ini menujukkan bawa tingkat kesukaran instrumen tes sedang. Uji daya beda diperoleh data tidak baik 85%, baik dan sangat baik masing-masing adalah 10% dan 5%. Ini menujukkan bahwa daya beda soal pada instrumen tes yang disusun memenuhi kategori tidak baik.
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA BAHASA INGGRIS SISWA MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE THINK PAIR- SHARE DI KELAS VII.C SMPN 1 KECAMATAN LAREH SAGO HALABAN
Authors: Ifriani Ifriani 
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya permasalahan dalam pembelajaran bahasa inggris. Dari sisi guru, guru lebih banyak menggunakan bahasa ibu (bahasa daerah) selama proses belajar-mengajar, penyusunan perencanaan mengajar, media pengajaran, memilih metoda mengajar yang tepat, dan terbatasnya waktu untuk mengajar. Selanjutnya, dari sisi siswa, seperti permasalahan kurangnya rasa percaya diri, terbatasnya kosa kata, penguasaan tata bahasa yang minim, pengucapan kata dan intonasi yang kurang tepat, malu untuk berbicara bahasa Inggris dan rendahnya motivasi mereka. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peningkatan keterampilan berbicara bahasa Inggris siswa melalui Pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share di kelas VII.C SMPN 1 Kec. Lareh Sago Halaban. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). PTK ini dilaksanakan di SMPN 1 Kec. Lareh Sago Halaban. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di semester 2 tahun pelajaran 2018/2019. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VII.C SMP Negeri 1 Kec. Lareh Sago Halaban yang berjumlah 28 siswa yang terdiri dari 11 orang laki-laki dan 17 orang siswa perempuan. Pada prasiklus tingkat kemampuan berbicara siswa yang tuntas 10 orang (35,72%) sedangkan yang tidak tuntas 18 orang (64,28 %). Pada siklus I tingkat kemampuan berbicara siswa yaitu 16 orang siswa ( 64,28% ) sudah tuntas dan 12 orang siswa (35,72 %) dinyatakan belum tuntas. Pada siklus II, tingkat kemampuan berbicara 24 orang siswa (85,71%) sudah tuntas dan 4 orang siswa (14,29 %) dinyatakan belum tuntas. Pembelajaran dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share (TPS) dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara siswa kelas VII.C SMP Negeri 1 Lareh Sago Halaban.
Tackling the fuzzy multi-objective linear fractional problem using a parametric approach
Authors: Borza Mojtaba , Rambely Azmin Sham 
Published: February 2022

Finding efficient solutions for the multi-objective linear fractional programming problem (MOLFPP) is a challenging issue in optimization because more than one target has to be taken into account. For the problem, we face the concept of efficient solutions which is an infinite set especially when the objectives are in conflict. Since a classical method generally comes out with only one efficient solution, thus introducing new efficient approaches is helpful and beneficial for the decision makers to make their decisions according to more possibilities. In this paper, we aim to consider the MOLFPP with fuzzy coefficients (FMOLFPP) where the concept of α - cuts is utilized so as to transform the fuzzy numbers into closed intervals and rank the fuzzy numbers as well. Consequently, the fuzzy problem is changed into an interval valued multi-objective linear fractional programming problem (IV-MOLFPP). Subsequently, the IV-MOLFPP is further changed into linear programming problems (LPPs) using a parametric approach, weighted sum and max-min methods. It is demonstrated that the solution obtained is at least a weakly ɛ - efficient solution, where the value of ɛ helps a decision maker (DM) to make his decision appropriately i.e. DMs chose more likely the solutions with the lowest value of ɛ. Numerical examples are solved to illustrate the method and comparison are made to show the accuracy, and the reliability of the proposed solutions.
PUBLIC SPACES AS A TOOL FOR URBAN ENVIRONMENT RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: Kyselov Volodymyr , Kyselovа Ganna 
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the study of public urban spaces as a catalyst for the reconstruction of the urban environment. The article analyzes scientific works devoted to the study of sustainable development of the urban environment, the reconstruction of urban areas and the creation of public spaces. The examples from the world experience of creating public spaces during the reconstruction of the urban environment are given and analyzed. Creation and humanization of public spaces as objects of social and communication activity of the population using new technologies in architecture, landscape and light-color design, necessary to create an architectural environment that is comfortable in terms of ecological, functional and aesthetic characteristics.
The creation of public spaces during the reconstruction of urban areas contributes to the economic process of updating the subject-spatial environment, taking into account new social and urban planning requirements and the formation of a comfortable urban environment.
NUMERICAL VALUES OF REJECTIVE AND REFERENCE INDICATORS OF ERGONOMIC PROPERTIES OF SPACE OF SUITABLE APARTMENTS
Authors: Lisnychenko Serhii 
Published: February 2022

According to the general algorithm of the first theoretical stage the basic principles of formulation of reference, basic and defective values of indicators of properties of town-planning quality of life and their categories according to requirements of regulatory documentation in the field of construction and results of expert estimations which in turn give possibility of definition of numerical values and substantiation of characteristics defective, reference and basic indicators of simple properties of a residential building, in particular the properties of ergonomics of the space of ancillary premises of apartments.
Categories and methods for determining the defective, basic and reference indicators of a residential building according to the content of the relevant properties are divided into:
- without physical units of measurement and regulation by normative documentation;
- without physical units of measurement (or with complex units of measurement) with regulation by normative documentation;
- with physical units of measurement without regulation by normative documentation;
- with physical units of measurement and regulation by normative documentation.
Based on the analysis of regulatory documentation, documentary data and expert assessment, the numerical values and justification of the characteristics of defective, reference and basic indicators of simple properties of ergonomics of the space of ancillary premises of apartments are determined.
Further research will focus on the definition of numerical values and substantiation of the characteristics of defective, reference and basic indicators of the external environment of the house, in accordance with the developed range of properties of urban quality of life.
ECOLOGICAL REVITALIZATION ASPECTS OF ABANDONED INDUSTRIAL TERRITORIES AS A WAY OF STABILIZING THE ECOLOGICAL SITUATION ON POST-SOCIALIST KIEV SPACE
Authors: Osypenko Kateryna , Tarabanova Yuliia 
Published: February 2022

In the XXI century, the city began to lose its appeal to people: the accumulation of elements of the artificial material world in the form of buildings and structures, increasing the number of abandoned industrial areas, the sharp deterioration of the environmental situation contributes to anti-urban trends and urban depression. Today there is an urgent problem of harmonization of human life and society in relation to the natural environment, so began to emerge architectural trends and currents, the main concept of which - unity with nature. But for the implementation of such projects aimed at stabilizing the ecological situation of the urban environment, the need for development of new territories has increased. In these conditions, the interest of depressed industrial urban enterprises is understandable, which can be fully included in the architectural environment of the city and adapted to the needs of modern society. Revitalization has become an important component of the new paradigm of renewal of the territorial space of Kyiv as a post-socialist city.
It is established that in modern cities there are almost no free territories that could be used to increase the area of public spaces, landscaping and the formation of landscape and recreational areas. Attention began to attract degraded industrial areas - areas of the city, which under the influence of social, economic, political factors have lost their purpose, are not used for their original purpose and are abandoned. Former industrial areas have great urban potential. And the secondary use of degraded industrial buildings with the subsequent eco-revitalization of the surrounding space helps to simultaneously solve the problematic issues of economy, ecology and aesthetics in the process of city life.
The article considers the concept of "ecorevitalization" as one of the elements of sustainable urban development policy aimed at preventing the development of urban areas, development of social and economic activities, ecological improvement of the environment and analyzes the ways of ecorevitation. It is established that landscaping is a search for ways to integrate wildlife with the artificial environment of human life.
URBAN ASPECTS OF ENSURING REQUIREMENTS FOR RELIABILITY AND DURABILITY OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Banakh Viktor , Banakh Andrii , Grebeniuk Ihor , Grebeniuk Olena 
Published: February 2022

The analysis of the results of researches of the technical condition of buildings and structures of urban development from the point of view of compliance with the requirements for their reliability and durability is done. A complex program of events to ensure compliance with the requirements of reliability and durability of buildings and structures exploited for a long time in difficult engineering-geological conditions is proposed. The program of events includes a list of necessary actions that will bring buildings and structures of urban development into proper technical condition and maintain it in compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents. First, it is proposed to determine the current technical state and the deformed state of the construction object with preliminary deformations, the damage degree and the number of changes made to the project’s structural part, taking into account the variety of urban development objects, their structural systems, initial technical condition, exploitation conditions, current loads and impacts, etc. An algorithm of moderation of a survey of the technical condition, determination preliminary deformations, choosing design situations, forming computational models using prognostic and retrograde modeling is shown. Methods of checking the adequacy of computational models by comparing them with solutions obtained using well-known methods of structural mechanics, exact solutions given in the scientific literature, or the results of experimental studies are presented. The necessity of analyzing the actual state of the bearing structures, the presence of defects and damages, as well as significant changes in the structural system of the building in connection with the finished local reconstructions, for example, arranging the new openings or the expansion of the existing openings in the bearing structures of external and internal walls, the use of reinforcement structures of specific elements, installation of new and expansion of existing balconies, annexes, superstructures, changes in the purpose of specific compartments, especially if all of it was of a spontaneous character and was not officially formalized with permits, is proved.
METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION OF FOUNDATIONS ON COMPLEX RELIEF
Authors: Osipov Alexander , Litnarovych Yevhenii , Osipov Sergey , Osypova Аnastasiia 
Published: February 2022

The article considers the preconditions and presents the results of substantiation and development of rational methods of construction of foundations on a complex relief in the conditions of reconstruction of urban development by the method of its compaction and rationalization. The developed methods are used for the conditions of restoration of architectural monuments and their complexes, as well as in general allow to provide comprehensive protection of adjacent urban areas from adverse factors of construction production. Comprehensive solution of problems of increasing the efficiency of construction processes and ensuring the stability of slopes in the construction of high-rise buildings with a developed underground part, as well as reducing the impact of dangerous landslides on adjacent areas and buildings, reducing noise and vibration on cultural heritage sites and natural complexes , accepted in the article as the main prerequisites for the justification and development of new technologies. Substantiation and development of methods of construction of foundations on difficult relief is performed on the basis of the results of statistical processing of actual data on the level of productivity of drilling equipment on the elements of slopes - top, middle part and foot of the slope.
REGULARITIES OF RELATIONSHIP OF MONUMENTAL-DECORATIVE SCULPTURE AND OPEN PUBLIC SPACE
Authors: Polubok Andrii , Pylypchuk Oksana 
Published: February 2022

Taking into account the peculiarities of the relationship between the open public space of the architectural environment and the monumental and decorative sculpture, the article examines the main patterns of the relationship between sculpture and urban space. It also identified and analyzed the importance of taking into account the main factors that affect the perception of a sculptural composition in any type of urban space: scale ratio, methods of placement, formation of the environment, generalization of the silhouette, detailing and perception of the expressiveness of the silhouette of a sculpture in specific spatial situations. The analysis and systematization of information sources of a theoretical and practical nature regarding the designated topic highlighted the current state of the problem of the relationship between sculpture and the open public space of the architectural environment, revealed the importance of taking into account the main factors in the perception of sculptural plastic in space. In the process of studying the main existing theories, methods, scientific approaches, techniques, historical and practical experience of the relationship between sculptural sculpture and the open public space of the architectural environment, general patterns of perception of sculpture – its scale relationship with space, ways of placing sculptures, shaping the environment, as well as individual regularities – generalizations of the silhouette, detail and plastic quality, expressiveness of the silhouette, depending on the directions of perception of the sculpture when it is introduced into the architectural environment.
As a result of research and analysis, a general conclusion was made: monumental and decorative sculpture, which is introduced into the urban environment, is inextricably linked with public space and therefore has special qualities and means of expression that allow you to create a general synthetic architectural and artistic image of space at a new qualitative level to create general compositional integrity and the formation of a single spatial-plastic ensemble in the architectural environment.
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTED TO THE OCCURRENCE OF UNDERGROUND COMPLEXES
Authors: Salo Valeria 
Published: February 2022

The article considers the historical features of the development of underground space. The reasons that led to the emergence of underground structures are analyzed. The main factors that influenced the origin and formation of underground space are identified. The obtained data will serve as a part of the dissertation research. Human activity in the underground space has been diverse since ancient times and in most cases came solely for practical reasons. The development of underground space was due to two factors: the need to provide reliable, protected from external influences of structures suitable for existence, and the need to extract minerals to create tools. For a long time, people were satisfied with housing in naturally formed caves, but over time, due to rapid population growth and, consequently, the growing need for comfort, people were forced to look for new forms of living, including artificial underground housing. The habitat chosen by man for life is either artificially created or established naturally, designed to meet its needs: physical and biological, psychological and spiritual. In case of deformation of the habitat under external or internal influence, a person is forced to choose: to die due to physical discomfort, unable to meet basic needs for water and food, threatened with extinction by the enemy or change their living conditions by changing habitats with technological progressive solutions. Development of underground space and construction of underground structures made it possible to restore physical comfort in a new environment.