bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow Channel Architecture and Diffusion Characteristics of Nonenzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Fuel Cells with Proton Exchange Membrane
Authors: Cha Hyeonjin , Kwon Obeen , Choi Heesoo , Yoo Hongnyoung , Kim Jaeyeon , Jeong Seokhun , Park Taehyun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA nonenzymatic glucose fuel cell directly oxidizes glucose to gluconic acid as a Pt‐based abiotic catalyst in a proton exchange membrane environment and has various advantages (e. g., biocompatibility, chemical stability, high ionic conductivity). We report the permeability of a less hydrophobic diffusion layer for three flow‐field designs (serpentine, interdigitated, and parallel). In all cases, as the channel width of the flow path increases, the power density increases and the Ohmic resistance decreases. The serpentine shape (channel and rib widths: 1.5 and 0.5 mm, respectively) exhibits remarkable maximum power and current densities (cell voltage: 60 mV) of 103.4 μW cm−2 and 1,273 μA cm−2 compared to those of the parallel (46.5 μW cm−2 at 683 μA cm−2) and interdigitated (74.0 μW cm−2 at 878 μA cm−2) shapes, respectively. Furthermore, permeability and performance analyses according to the single‐cell temperature, glucose concentration, and flow rate changes provide various perspectives on glucose fuel cells.
Fostering scientific reasoning with inquiry problem‐solving experiments in an organic chemistry lab course
Authors: Bicak Besim Enes , Borchert Cornelia , Höner Kerstin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractChemischen Laborpraktika in der universitären Lehre mangelt es i. d. R. an Lerngelegenheiten zur naturwissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisgewinnung. An der Technischen Universität Braunschweig wurden deshalb in einem organisch‐chemischen Grundpraktikum für Lehramtsstudierende acht von 25 Versuchen zu geöffneten Experimenten umgestaltet und unter Einsatz von Scaffolding‐Maßnahmen implementiert. Im Artikel werden Leitlinien für die Öffnung präsentiert, die bei der erkenntnisgewinnungsorientierten Umgestaltung von Versuchen für naturwissenschaftliche Praktika genutzt werden können. Exemplarisch werden die Leitlinien anhand der Gegenüberstellung einer kochrezeptartigen Vorschrift und ihrer geöffneten Alternative aufgezeigt. Erste Ergebnisse der Pilotierung des Praktikums zeigen, dass mit den geöffneten Vorschriften Erkenntnisgewinnungskompetenzen der Studierenden gefördert werden können.
Follow that cell: Leukocyte migration in L‐plastin mutant zebrafish
Authors: Linehan John B. , Lucas Zepeda Jose , Mitchell Taylor A. , LeClair Elizabeth E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractActin assemblies are important in motile cells such as leukocytes, which form dynamic plasma membrane extensions or podia. L‐plastin (LCP1) is a leukocyte‐specific calcium‐dependent actin‐bundling protein that, in mammals, is known to affect immune cell migration. Previously, we generated CRISPR/Cas9 engineered zebrafish lacking L‐plastin (lcp1−/−) and reported that they had reduced survival to adulthood, suggesting that lack of this actin‐bundler might negatively affect the immune system. To test this hypothesis, we examined the distribution and migration of neutrophils and macrophages in the transparent tail of early zebrafish larvae using cell‐specific markers and an established wound‐migration assay. Knockout larvae were similar to their heterozygous siblings in having equal body sizes and comparable numbers of neutrophils in caudal hematopoietic tissue at 2 days postfertilization, indicating no gross defect in neutrophil production or developmental migration. When stimulated by a tail wound, all genotypes of neutrophils were equally migratory in a two‐hour window. However, for macrophages we observed both migration defects and morphological differences. L‐plastin knockout macrophages (lcp1−/−) still homed to wounds but were slower, less directional and had a star‐like morphology with many leading and trailing projections. In contrast, heterozygous macrophageslcp1(+/−) were faster, more directional, and had a streamlined, slug‐like morphology. Overall, these findings show that in larval zebrafish L‐plastin knockout primarily affects the macrophage response with possible consequences for organismal immunity. Consistent with our observations, we propose a model in which cytoplasmic L‐plastin negatively regulates macrophage integrin adhesion by holding these transmembrane heterodimers in a “clasped,” inactive form and is a necessary part of establishing macrophage polarity during chemokine‐induced motility.
Uncoupling axon guidance and neuronal migration in Robo3‐deficient inferior olivary neurons
Authors: Moreno‐Bravo Juan Antonio , Rappeneau Quentin , Roig‐Puiggros Sergi , Sotelo Constantino , Chédotal Alain 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInferior olivary (IO) neurons are born in the dorsal hindbrain and migrate tangentially toward the ventral midline. During their dorsoventral migration, IO neurons extend long leading processes that cross the midline, transform into axons, and project into the contralateral cerebellum. In absence of the axon guidance receptor Robo3, IO axons fail to cross the midline and project to the ipsilateral cerebellum. Remarkably, the IO cell bodies still reach the midline where they form a nucleus of abnormal cytoarchitecture. The mechanisms underlying the migration of Robo3‐deficient IO neurons are unknown. Here, we used three‐dimensional imaging and transgenic mice to label subsets of IO neurons and study their migratory behavior in Robo3 knockout. We show that IO migration is delayed in absence of Robo3. Strikingly, Robo3‐deficient IO neurons progress toward the midline in a direction opposite to their axons. This occurs through a change of polarity and the generation of a second leading process at the rear of the cell. These results suggest that Robo3 receptor controls the establishment of neuronal polarity and the coupling of axonogenesis and cell body migration in IO neurons.
Isolation and characterization of a new imidazolinone‐tolerant mutant in cotton
Authors: Tcach Mauricio Alfredo , Landau Alejandra Mabel , Montenegro Alex , Díaz Daniel , Acuña Carlos , Prina Alberto Raúl 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars resistant to different herbicides have generated important advances in crop management. There is a wide range of cotton resistance to herbicides, however, commercial imidazolinone (IMI)‐tolerant cultivars are not available. In this research, a new mutation that confers tolerance to IMI in cotton was isolated in the M2 generation after seed mutagenic treatments with sodium azide water solutions. The mode of inheritance of the trait was evaluated in the F2 generation by the application of imazethapyr. The inheritance corresponds to a semidominant type with a 1:2:1 distribution of tolerant/intermediate tolerance/not tolerant, in agreement with that observed in most IMI‐tolerant crops. The IMI‐tolerant line behavior was evaluated in the field nursery after the application of the herbicide in the form of foliar and pre‐emergence sprays. The tolerance level was high in pre‐emergence applications and intermediate in foliar applications compared with the nontolerant genotype, which showed a decrease in fiber yield and quality with both methods of application. After sequencing the acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) gene, a point mutation corresponding to Ala205Val in the AHAS enzyme was found, which suggests it could be responsible for the increased IMI tolerance observed in cotton line SP 4172‐32. Based on results from field assays, it can be concluded that this mutant is a promising experimental line that can be used in obtaining IMI‐ tolerant commercial cotton cultivars.
Vertical distribution of bacterial community diversity in the Greater Khingan Mountain permafrost region
Authors: Li Xin , Cui Yuanquan , Ma Dalong , Song Dandan , Liu Lin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSoil microorganisms are crucial contributors to the function of permafrost ecosystems, as well as the regulation of biogeochemical cycles. However, little is known about the distribution patterns and drivers of high‐latitude permafrost microbial communities subject to climate change and human activities. In this study, the vertical distribution patterns of soil bacterial communities in the Greater Khingan Mountain permafrost region were systematically analyzed via Illumina Miseq high‐throughput sequencing. Bacterial diversity in the active layer was significantly higher than in the permafrost layer. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) indicated that the bacterial community structure in the active layer and the permafrost layer was completely separated. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) detected statistically significant differentiation across the different depths. The relative abundance of the dominant phyla Chloroflexi (17.92%–52.79%) and Actinobacteria (6.34%–34.52%) was significantly higher in the permafrost layer than in the active layer, whereas that of Acidobacteria (4.98%–38.82%) exhibited the opposite trend, and the abundance of Proteobacteria (2.49%–22.51%) generally decreased with depth. More importantly, the abundance of bacteria linked to human infectious diseases was significantly higher in the permafrost layer according to Tax4Fun prediction analysis. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that ammonium nitrogen (NH4+‐N), total organic carbon (TOC), and total phosphorus (TP) were major factors affecting the bacterial community composition. Collectively, our findings provide insights into the soil bacterial vertical distribution patterns and major environmental drivers in high‐latitude permafrost regions, which is key to grasping the response of cold region ecosystem processes to global climate changes.
Co‐benefits and conflicts in alternative stormwater planning: Blue versus green infrastructure?
Authors: Kvamsås Hanna 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBlue–green infrastructure (BGI) is often promoted for its co‐benefits and multifunctionality. However, this infrastructure is repeatedly planned, implemented and researched almost entirely based on the goals of stormwater management. Thus, more knowledge is required about how co‐benefits are perceived and actioned by planning actors. By investigating co‐benefits from a value perspective, this paper will contribute to the ongoing debate on how stormwater planning actors address the potential co‐benefits and conflicts in the planning and implementation of BGI. The data are derived from policy document analyses and interviews with municipal and private planning actors in Bergen and Tromsø, Norway. The paper argues that municipal water actors are motivated to implement BGI beyond stormwater management goals and approach co‐benefits and holistic stormwater management as an ideal in stormwater planning. However, the tensions and conflicts between the co‐benefits become more evident in the actual implementation of BGI. The paper finds that when holistic BGI implementation is initiated by the municipal water actors, the stormwater management aspects dominate the BGI implementation. Finally, the paper concludes that even though blue and green values and interests are often conflicted in the implementation of BGI, urban stormwater planning is in the process of developing a blue–green value set based on the potential synergies of co‐benefits. The paper therefore empirically illustrates how collective values and interests can develop and unfold across sectors and professional disciplines in BGI planning.
Dendritic cells Trigger IFN‐γ secretion by NK cells independent of IL‐12 and IL‐18
Authors: Abdi Kaveh , Laky Karen , Abshari Mehrnoosh , Hill Elizabeth M. , Lantz Larry , Singh Nevil J. , Long Eric O. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIt is commonly believed that IL‐12 produced by DCs in response to pathogens is the first signal that stimulates the production of IFN‐γ by NK cells. However, IL‐12 production by DCs in response to bacterial LPS depends on either engagement of CD40 by CD40L on activated T cells or IFN‐γ from NK cells. This suggests that during the primary immune response, NK cells produce IFN‐γ before IL‐12 production by DCs. Here, using single‐cell measurements, cell sorting and mouse lines deficient in IL‐12, IL‐23, type I IFN receptor and the IL‐18 receptor, we show that a subset of BM‐derived DCs characterized by low expression of MHC class II (MHCIIlow) stimulates IFN‐γ production by NK cells. The expression of Toll‐like Receptor (TLR) 4 on DCs but not NK cells was required for such NK‐derived IFN‐γ. In addition, soluble factor(s) produced by LPS‐activated MHCIIlow DCs were sufficient to induce IFN‐γ production by NK cells independent of IL‐12, IL‐23, and IL‐18. This response was enhanced in the presence of a low dose of IL‐2. These results delineate a previously unknown pathway of DC‐mediated IFN‐γ production by NK cells, which is independent of commonly known cytokines.
Iron–Copper Dual Catalysis Enabling C−C and C−X (X=N, B, P, S, Sn) Bond Formation
Authors: Huo Lu‐Qiong , Shi Li‐Li , Fu Jun‐Kai 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe dual‐catalysis tactics where two types of catalysts are connected in one single reaction operation are highly prized in the novel bond constructions that are difficult or unattainable to be achieved with current mono‐catalysis. In recent years, increased emphasis on sustainable catalytic methods on more economic and eco‐friendly processes has shifted the focus to catalysis with earth‐abundant transition metals, such as iron, copper, and so on. As two of the most inexpensive and environmentally friendly metals on earth, the research and development based on either iron or copper catalysis are flourishing, and iron‐copper dual‐catalyzed reactions appeal more and more attention. In this review, we mainly cover the construction of C−C, C−N, C−B, C−P, C−S and C−Sn bonds enabled by iron‐copper dual‐catalysis published in the literature from 2011.
Transformations of 5‐Hydroxy‐1‐pyrrolines in Strong Brønsted Acids: Experimental and Theoretical Study of Intermediate Cationic Species
Authors: Borisova Marina A. , Ryabukhin Dmitry S. , Yu. Ivanov Alexander , Boyarskaya Irina A. , Shabalin Dmitrii A. , Zelenkov Lev E. , Yu. Schmidt Elena , Trofimov Boris A. , Vasilyev Aleksander V. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe reaction of 5‐hydroxy‐1‐pyrrolines with arenes in TfOH at room temperature for 1 h afford 5‐aryl‐1‐pyrrolines in 55–98 % yields. 5‐Hydroxy‐1‐pyrrolines in TfOH or H2SO4 at room temperature for 0.5–1 h undergo dehydration with the formation of N‐protonated forms of 3H‐pyrroles, which were characterized by NMR. Upon hydrolysis, the N‐protonated species give quantitatively the corresponding 3H‐pyrroles. The intermediate cationic species derived from the protonation of 5‐hydroxy‐1‐pyrrolines in Brønsted acids have been studied by means of NMR and DFT calculations. Plausible reaction mechanisms are discussed.
Experimental study on the effect of injection pressure ratio on the propagation characteristics of hydrogen rotating detonation waves
Authors: Wu Minxuan , Bai Qiaodong , Han Jiaxiang , Zhang Shijian , Cui Shengnan , Chen Hao , Weng Chunsheng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of the ratio of air injection pressure to hydrogen injection pressure (pR = pA/pH) on the propagation characteristics of rotating detonation waves (RDWs) and the working range of continuous rotating detonation engines (CRDEs). To this end, experiments were conducted under different injection pressure ratios and air mass flow rates with hydrogen as the fuel and air as the oxidant. The results reveal that RDWs can propagate in a stable manner when the injection pressure ratio is 0.67–1.7; however, RDW propagation is unstable when the injection pressure ratio is 0.51–0.67 and 1.7–2.03. The formation of unstable detonation waves may be attributed to the long response times at low pressures and the poor mixing effect of hydrogen and air. Furthermore, under an injection pressure ratio of 2.08–3.09, CRDE initiation failed. As the air mass flow rate increased, the range of the injection pressure ratio increased and the CRDE operated in a stable manner. In addition, the RDW velocity first increased and then decreased as the injection pressure ratio increased. Notably, under an air injection pressure of 3.6 bar, the rotation direction of the RDW changed during propagation.
How much energy is needed to keep the stored cellular mass and energy free of errors: Case studies
Authors: Semerciöz Ayşe Selcen , Özilgen Mustafa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNobel‐winning scientist Erwin Schrödinger in his study “What is life?” (1934) hypothesized that organisms import energy and export entropy to survive. Since the publication of this study, our knowledge about “how entropy is generated within the body and exported” has increased tremendously. In the 1970s and 1980s, “maintenance energy” was used extensively in microbiological analyses, merely as a proportionality constant relating cellular proliferation to energy utilization. In 2015, Aziz Sancar, Tomas Lindahl, and Paul L. Modrich shared the Nobel prize for their studies regarding DNA repair. In these research works, scientists tried to explain how organisms were trying to reduce the entropy accumulated within their structures. This study assesses different cases of energy utilization by the cellular systems to maintain their reserves error free in the light of the recent findings. In every case, assessed huge energy requirements were found.
Biofibrous nanomaterials for extracting strategic metal ions from water
Authors: Zhang Weihua , Che Xinpeng , Pei Danfeng , Zhang Xiaofang , Chen Yijun , Li Mingjie , Li Chaoxu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractStrategic metals play an indispensable role in the related industries. Their extraction and recovery from water are of great significance due to both their rapid consumption and environmental concern. Biofibrous nanomaterials have shown great advantages in capturing metal ions from water. Recent progress in extraction of typical strategic metal ions such as noble metal ions, nuclear metal ions, and Li‐battery related metal ions is reviewed here using typical biological nanofibrils like cellulose nanofibrils, chitin nanofibrils, and protein nanofibrils, as well as their assembly forms like fibers, aerogels/hydrogels, and membranes. An overview of advances in material design and preparation, extraction mechanism, dynamics/thermodynamics, and performance improvement in the last decade is provided. And at last, we propose the current challenges and future perspectives for promoting biological nanofibrous materials toward extracting strategic metal ions in practical conditions of natural seawater, brine, and wastewater.
Loss of SLC46A1 decreases tumor iron content in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Dongyao , Wu Huiwen , Yang Jianxin , Li Min , Ling Changquan , Gao Zelong , Lu Hongtao , Shen Hui , Tang Yuxiao 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
It is interesting that high iron is an independent inducer or cofactor of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) while the amount of iron is decreased in the liver tumor tissues. Due to the previous findings that iron deficiency promoted HCC metastasis, it is of significance to identify the underlying mechanism of iron deficiency in HCC. The tumor iron content and expressions of iron‐metabolic molecules were observed in the primary liver cancers of rats and mice. The molecules that changed independently of iron were identified by comparing the expression profiles in the human HCC tissues and iron‐deprived HCC cells. The downstream effects of these molecules on regulating intracellular iron content were investigated in vitro and further validated in vivo. Both in primary liver cancers of rats and mice, we confirmed the decreased iron content in tumor tissues and the altered expressions of iron‐metabolic molecules, including transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), six‐transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate 3 (STEAP3), divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), SLC46A1, ferroportin, hepcidin, and ferritin. Among these, STEAP3, DMT1, and SLC46A1 were altered free of iron deficiency. However, only silence or overexpression of SLC46A1 controlled the intracellular iron content of HCC cells. The interventions of STEAP3 or DMT1 could not change the intracellular iron content. Lentivirus‐mediated regain of SLC46A1 expression restored the iron content in orthotopically implanted tumors, with correspondingly changes in the iron‐metabolic molecules as iron increasing. Conclusion: Taken together, these results suggest that the loss of SLC46A1 expression leads to iron deficiency in liver tumor tissues, which would be an effective target to manage iron homeostasis in HCC.
Directly integrated mixed‐dimensional van der Waals graphene/perovskite heterojunction for fast photodetection
Authors: Geng Xiangshun , Zhang Peigen , Ren Jun , Dun Guan‐Hua , Li Yuanyuan , Jin Jialun , Wang Chaolun , Wu Xing , Xie Dan , Tian He , Yang Yi , Ren Tian‐Ling 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMixed‐dimensional (2D/3D) van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures made with complementary materials hold a lot of promise in the field of optoelectronic devices. Beyond simple mechanical stacking, directly growing the single‐crystal perovskite on 2D materials to construct a high‐quality vdW heterojunction can better promote carrier transport. In this work, a monolithic integrated graphene/perovskite heterojunction device is fabricated by directly growing a single‐crystal hybrid perovskite on monolayer graphene. Due to the strong interface coupling, the hybrid device achieves self‐powering behavior and exhibits prominent photoresponse properties with a fast response speed of up to 2.05 μs. Moreover, the responsivity and detectivity can be boosted to up to 10.41 A W−1 and 4.65 × 1012 Jones under the actuation of −3 V bias. This technique not only improves the device performance, but also provides an effective guideline for the development of next‐generation directly integrated vdW optoelectronic devices.
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Development of branched polyphenolic poly(beta amino esters) to facilitate post‐synthesis processing
Authors: Wiegman Kelley , Briot Nicolas J. , Hilt J. Zach , Huckaba Aron J. , Dziubla Thomas D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGiven their versatility and formability, polymers have proven to be a viable platform facilitating a controlled and tuned release for a variety of therapeutic agents. One growing area of polymer drug delivery is polymeric prodrugs, which covalently link active pharmaceutical ingredients to a polymeric form to enhance stability, delivery, and pharmacology. One such class of polymeric prodrugs, poly(beta amino esters) (PβAEs) can be synthesized into crosslinked, or “thermoset,” networks which greatly limits their processability. An antioxidant‐PβAE polymer prodrug that is soluble in organic solutions would permit enhanced processability, increasing their utility and manufacturability. Curcumin PβAEs were synthesized to be soluble in organic solvents while retaining the release and activity properties. To demonstrate the polymer processability, curcumin PβAEs were further synthesized into nanoparticles and thin films. Control over nanoparticle size and film thickness was established through variance of dope solution concentration and withdrawal speed, respectively. Layering of polymeric films was demonstrated through inkjet printing of thin films. Polymer function was characterized through curcumin release and antioxidant activity. The processing of the polymer had a drastic impact on the curcumin release profiles indicating the polymer degradation was influenced by surface area and porosity of the final product. Previously, release was controlled primarily through the hydrophobicity of the polymer. Here, we demonstrate a novel method for further tuning the degradation by processing the polymer.