bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebral visual impairment in children: Multicentric study determining the causes, associated neurological and ocular findings, and risk factors for severe vision impairment
Authors: Mohapatra Monalisa , Rath Soveeta , Agarwal Pradeep , Singh Abhishek , Singh Rupali , Sutar Sameer , Sahu Anupam , Maan Veenu , Ganesh Suma 
Published: December 2022

Purpose:
To evaluate the causes, associated neurological and ocular findings in children with cerebral visual impairment (CVI), and to identify risk factors for severe vision impairment.

Methods:
A multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional analysis was carried out from January 2017 to December 2019 on patients less than 16 years of age with a diagnosis of CVI.

Results:
A total of 405 patients were included of which 61.2% were male and 38.8% were female. The median age at presentation was 4 years (range 3 months to 16 years). Antenatal risk factors were present in 14% of the cases. The most common cause of CVI was hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (35.1%), followed by seizure associated with brain damage (31.3%). The most common neurological finding was seizure (50.4%), followed by cerebral palsy (13.6%). Associated ophthalmological findings were significant refractive error (63.2%), esotropia (22.2%), exotropia, (38%), nystagmus (33.3%), and optic nerve atrophy (25.9%). Severe visual impairment (<20/200) was associated with optic atrophy (odds ratio: 2.9, 95% confidence interval: 1.4–6.0; P = 0.003) and seizure disorder (odds ratio: 1.9, 95% confidence interval: 1.2–3.3; P = 0.012).

Conclusion:
The various ophthalmic, neurological manifestations and etiologies could guide the multidisciplinary team treating the child with CVI in understanding the visual impairment that affects the neuro development of the child and in planning rehabilitation strategies.
Efficacy and safety of ultrasound cycloplasty in Indian eyes with open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Paul Chandrima , Divya J , Sengupta Subhrangshu , Kamal Richa , Paul Anujeet , Mitra Ishani 
Published: December 2022

Purpose:
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of ultrasound cycloplasty in eyes with primary or secondary open-angle glaucoma, not amenable to adequate control of intra-ocular pressure (IOP) with medical treatment.

Methods:
Prospective interventional cohort study of 28 eyes of 28 subjects in a tertiary eye care centre in India in patients with open-angle glaucoma. All enrolled eyes underwent ultrasound cycloplasty with the second-generation probe with six shots of 8 s each, operated by a single surgeon between November 2018 and January 2020. They were followed up for a period of 12 months. The primary treatment outcome was IOP and the secondary outcomes were vision and postoperative complications.

Results:
A total of 28 eyes of 28 patients were studied, and the mean age was 63.82 ± 6.46 years. Primary open-angle glaucoma (75%) was the most common etiology. There was significant reduction in IOP from the baseline (24.93 ± 4.27 mmHg) to the postoperative value (15.82 ± 3.14 mmHg) at the end of 12 months (P < 0.00001). Mean reduction in IOP was 9.14 ± 4.09 mmHg at 12 months (36.66%). Number of ocular hypotensives reduced significantly from baseline (3.32 ± 0.47) to 12-month postoperative follow-up (0.68 ± 0.74) (P < 0.00001). Qualified success was achieved in 89.28% eyes. No major complications were noted.

Conclusion:
Ultrasound cycloplasty is found to be effective and safe in eyes with open-angle glaucoma because of the primary or secondary etiology, being more effective in the former.
Comparative evaluation of outcomes of novel approach of subconjunctival Mitomycin C (MMC) injection at the end of trabeculectomy versus intraTenon injection of MMC prior to the initial conjunctival incision – A pilot study
Authors: Gupta Ved Prakash , Beri Nitika , Rohatgi Jolly 
Published: December 2022

Purpose:
To describe a novel approach of subconjunctival injection of mitomycin C (MMC) at the end of trabeculectomy and compare it with intraTenon MMC injection.

Methods:
This pilot study included 40 eyes of 40 patients with uncontrolled primary and secondary glaucoma. Patients below18 years and failed trabeculectomy were excluded. Patients were randomly allocated into groups A and B (20 patients each). Group A patients received subconjunctival MMC injection in the superonasal quadrant at the end of standard trabeculectomy. Group B received an intraTenon MMC injection before the initial conjunctival incision. Outcome measures included intra-ocular pressure (IOP) reduction, bleb morphology, and complication rates. The complete success was defined as an IOP of ≤21 mmHg without antiglaucoma drugs.

Results:
The mean preoperative IOP of 46.00 ± 11.2 mmHg in group A and 43.05 ± 10.3 mmHg in group B reduced to 12.00 ± 2.41 mmHg (P ≤ 0.001) in group A and 13.65 ± 2.76 mmHg in group B (P ≤ 0.001) at last follow-up. Complete success was 95% and 75% in groups A and B, respectively, 19 months after surgery. Avascular microcystic blebs (70% of group A and 45% of group B) were more common than avascular white blebs (15% in group A and 35% in group B). No intraoperative complications were seen. Postoperative wound leak, hypotony, choroidal detachment, or endophthalmitis were not encountered in any group.

Conclusion:
A novel approach of subconjunctival MMC application during trabeculectomy is reported. Both approaches appear to be highly effective in reducing IOP in primary and secondary glaucoma with similar safety profiles and bleb morphology. Subconjunctival MMC yielded a greater success rate (95%) compared to the intraTenon MMC group (75%).
Behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy: A case report on right approach for tobacco cessation
Authors: Agarwal Avnica , Das Mayank , Jaiswal Panna Lal , Kashyap Panchali 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Tobacco is one of the leading causes of various types of cancer, and more than five million people die globally from its ill-effects every year. It is reported that by the year 2040, tobacco-related deaths will exceed ten million annually. Smoking cessation programs are considered very useful in helping tobacco users to quit, but it is a very difficult addiction to break; thus effective approaches are required. The authors present a case of an 84-year-old male patient who was a chronic smoker and used to smoke 35–40 bidis per day. He started to notice the physical addiction and withdrawal symptoms due to which he was not able to quit tobacco on his own. After expert counselling, his habit of smoking gradually decreased and after a few months, he was able to quit tobacco completely with the help of behavioral modification and pharmacotherapy.
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Cytokine mRNA Profiles in Acute Respiratory Infection Patients
Authors: Plotnikova Marina Alexandrovna , Klotchenko Sergey A. , Lozhkov Alexey A. , Lebedev Kirill I. , Taraskin Alexander S. , Baranovskaya Irina L. , Egorova Maria A. , Ramsay Edward S. , Chebotkevich Vitaly N. , Vasin Andrey V. 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
Respiratory infections, collectively, are one of the World's most common and serious illness groups. As recent observations have shown, the most severe courses of acute respiratory infection, often leading to death, are due to uncontrolled cytokine production (hypercytokinemia).

Methods:
The study involved 364 patients with respiratory illness being treated in clinics in St. Petersburg (Russia) in 2018–2019 and 30 healthy controls. Cytokine analysis was carried out in the acute phase of illness (2–3 days from onset of initial symptoms) and in the stage of recovery (days 9–10). The research presented is devoted to the assessment of mRNA expression of specific cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], and interferon-λ) and MxA in whole blood leukocytes, by means of real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results:
In 70% of patients, bacterial or viral pathogens were identified, with influenza viral infections (types A and B) prevailing. Significant increases in the expression of IL-18, TNF, and IL-10 were observed, relative to controls, only with influenza viral infections. We have shown a difference in IL-6 mRNA expression in patients with bacterial or viral pathogens. No statistically significant difference was found in white blood cells IL-4 expression levels between patients and healthy controls.

Conclusion:
Investigation of the nuances of systemic cytokine production, in response to specific viral and bacterial pathogens, makes it possible to assess the risks of developing hypercytokinemia during respiratory infection with agents circulating in the human population and to predict the pathogenicity and virulence of circulating threats.
Bebeği Yenidoğan Yoğun Bakım Ünitesinde Yatan Ebeveynlerin Siberkondri Düzeylerinin ve İlişkili Faktörlerin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: SABANDÜZEN Hande , KAVAKLI Öznur 
Published: December 2022

Amaç: Bu araştırma yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesinde bebeği yatan ebeveynlerin siberkondriya düzeylerini belirlemek ve bunun başta stres olmak üzere bir takım bağımsız değişkenlerle olan ilişkisini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Gereç ve yöntem: Araştırmanın örneklemini, bir üniversite hastanesinin yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesinde bebeği yatan 71 ebeveyn oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verileri, katılımcılarla yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin elde edilmesinde, Ebeveyn Bilgi Formu ve Siberkondriya Ciddiyet Ölçeği kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılanların yaş ortalaması 33.0 ± 5.7 olup %50.7’si baba, %43.9’ü annedir. Ebeveynlerin stres puanları ile Siberkondriya Ciddiyet Ölçeği puanları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamıştır (p>0.05). Yenidoğanın solunum yardımı alması ve sadece mama ile beslenmesi ile Siberkondriya Ciddiyet Ölçeği puanları arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur (p
New Possibility Soft Sets with Quality Assurance Application in Distance Education
Authors: Kirişci Murat 
Published: December 2022

The probability fuzzy soft set is an approach that is obtained by adding a probability degree to each approximate element of the fuzzy soft set and is formed by combining Fuzzy Set Theory and Soft Set Theory. This idea was later studied in different sets, such as intuitionistic fuzzy sets, neutrosophic fuzzy sets, Pythagorean fuzzy sets, etc. In this paper, a new Possibility Set is defined in the Fermatean Fuzzy environment and the essential features of new sets have been examined. The set-theoretic operations of new possibility sets, such as subset, soft equal, complement, union, intersection, AND, and OR, have been characterized with the help of elaborated examples. Their fundamental laws and properties are also discussed. A practical example concerning quality assurance in distance education is studied to demonstrate the applicability of new similarity measures in decision-making situations. Thus, it has been shown that the newly given similarity measure can be successfully applied to real-world decision problems. Finally, a comparison of the similarity of the proposed model is made with some existing models.

Received: 13 October 2022 | Revised: 1 November 2022 | Accepted: 17 November 2022

Conflicts of Interest
The author declares that he has no conflicts of interest to this work.
Use of Social Networking Sites among Undergrade-level Women and its Effect on their Plans to Start a Business
Authors: Hossain Tanjela , Iqbal Md Mahbub , Shirazi Hasan , Noor Md. Asad 
Published: December 2022

This study looks at how Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have impacted the business interests of Bangladeshi college-aged women. The research methodology incorporates the technology acceptance paradigm and a model of technology adoption and usage. The survey was developed, checked for accuracy, and released to the public. According to the results, students' usage of social networking sites affects their confidence in their capacity to succeed and their desire to do so. These results have real-world and theoretical ramifications for policymakers and entrepreneurial education, such as using widely used yet cutting-edge communication and Internet tools to inspire young people to start their own businesses. In this analysis, we test the hypothesis that there is a connection between the time spent on social networking sites (SNS) and measures of confidence in, and desire for, starting one's own business. Over two hundred and fifty female students from Private Universities in Bangladesh participated in online questionnaires and correlation tests. More time spent on social networking sites is correlated with more serious business thinking and behavior. Students of all sexes and all ages use Facebook, but younger students and women in particular associate the platform with entrepreneurial aspirations and attitudes more strongly than their male counterparts. There is a greater understanding of the relationship between social media presence and entrepreneurship factors because to this research. The researchers sorted the interviewees' responses into four groups based on their findings: how often they used SNS, how much they felt supported by SNS, how secure they felt in their entrepreneurial conduct, and how ambitious they wanted to be as business owners’ Important motifs were also determined for each class. Institutions of higher learning may and should use social media to promote and educate aspiring business owners.
Comprehensive Electrochemical Studies on Nanolayered Multilayered Ti/TiN and TiAl/TiAlN Coatings Deposited on Ti6Al4V Substrates
Authors: Chenan Arunchandran , Jyothymol J. , Abirami S. , Bonu Venkataramana , Barshilia Harish C. 
Published: December 2022

Corrosion resistance properties of Ti/TiN and TiAl/TiAlN nanolayered multilayered coatings deposited on Ti6Al4V alloy substrates by unbalanced magnetron sputtering were investigated. The coatings contain a bi-layer thickness of Ti/TiN or TiAl/TiAlN ∼3.5 nm/4 nm and the total thickness of the coating is ∼9 µm. Corrosion properties of the coatings were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for 30 d while immersed in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. EIS investigation of the coatings showed that the corrosion occurred due to the penetration of electrolyte and oxygen through the micro/nanopores present in the coatings. It was found that the TiAl/TiAlN coating offered corrosion protection superior to that of the Ti/TiN coating during the immersion study. Potentiodynamic polarization studies revealed that both coatings showed passive behavior. Formation of a passive film on the coated surface during polarization enhanced the barrier properties of the coatings and provided anodic protection to the underlying alloy.
Using Skindex-29 Scale to Assess The Impact of Androgenetic/Patterned Hair Loss on Quality of Life of Patients in Pakistan
Authors: Sadiq Sakina , Naveed Tehseen , Naveed Safoora , Minhas Irfan Jamil , Khan Bushra Muzaffar , Sadiq Sunniya 
Published: December 2022

Objective: to assess the impact of androgenetic alopecia (AGA)/female patterned hair loss (FPHL) on the quality of life of Pakistani patients using Skindex-29 scale.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Outpatient Department of Dermatology, Combined Military Hospital, Lahore Pakistan, from Oct 2020 to Mar 2021.
Methodology: Three hundred patients (150 males and 150 females) having androgenetic alopecia (AGA)/female patterned hair loss (FPHL) were selected by consecutive sampling. Skindex-19 questionnaire was used to assess the impact of alopecia on their quality of life.
Results: Mean age of study participants was 41.6 ± 12.4 years (range: 18-72 years). Maximum patients (40.7%) had grade-1 severity of alopecia. Most of the patients (37.3%) had disease duration of 1-5 years. Mean global score, symptoms scale score, emotion scale score and function scale score were 31.3 ± 14.8, 22 ± 22.56, 41.67 ± 28.1 and 30 ± 26.5 respectively. Gender and disease duration were statistically significant (p=0.001 and p=0.013 respectively).
Conclusion: Skindex-29 can be successfully used in our setup for quality of life studies in AGA/FPHL patients. Females were more severely affected than males as per global scores on Skindex-29.
Surgical Correction of Ectropion: Comparison Between Full Thickness Skin Grafts and Local Flaps
Authors: Kiran Saba , Ali Khan Faisal Akhlaq , Ali Hyder , Kumar Suneel , Sami Waqas , Khursheed Roqayyah Munawwer 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of two reconstruction techniques, i.e., full-thickness skin graft and local flap, for patients undergoing reconstructive surgery for ectropion repair.
Study Design: Prospective comparative study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Dr Ruth K.M. Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi, from Feb to Aug 2020.
Methodology: The study was conducted after acquiring approval from the Institutional Review Board of Dow University of Health Sciences. Patients advised repairing ectropion were admitted to the ward prior to a day or night of the procedure. The consultant surgeon decided on the operative management, either using a full-thickness skin graft or a local flap, depending on the type of ectropion.
Results: 60 patients were recruited for the study, with 30 patients in each group. At follow-up of two weeks, one month, and three months’ skin colour match and pliability were significantly better in patients who received local flap than those treated with a full-thickness skin graft. Out of 30, 2 (6.7%) patients developed ectropion recurrence when they received full-thickness skin graft coverage, whereas ectropion recurrence was not observed in patients managed with local flap.
Conclusion: Local flap appears to be more effective than full-thickness skin graft in achieving excellent aesthetic effects in patients who underwent correction of ectropion.
Wide Awake Local Anesthesia no Tourniquet (WALANT) Surgery for Tendon Repair in Hand Trauma
Authors: Kiran Saba , Ali Khan Faisal Akhlaq , Ali Hyder , Farhina Maha , Gulzar Sadaf , Rashid Sobia 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To compare the functional outcomes in terms of active range of motion for tendon repair surgeries under wideawake local anaesthesia versus general anaesthesia.
Study design: Comparative prospective study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Dr Ruth K.M. Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi Pakistan, from Jan to Sep 2020.
Methodology: Patients of either gender of age 15 years or above with hand injuries with tendon repair required, operated within the hospital premises were included in the study using the non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Individuals who were operated on under wide-awake local anaesthesia were taken as approach arms (n=65). While the patients undergoing tendon repair under general anaesthesia were considered as the study's control arm (n=65). The final functional outcomes were assessed in the sixth week of the surgery by calculating the total active range of motion.
Results: For the range of motion of the injured finger in the general anaesthesia group, 25 (38.5%) had excellent outcomes, 14 (21.5%) had a good outcome, and 8 (12.3%) had fair outcomes, while in the WALANT group, 30 (46.2%) had excellent outcome, 16 (24.6%) had a good outcome and 12 (18.5%) had a fair outcome. There was no relationship between the range of motion of the injured finger and the group (p=0.101).
Conclusion: The functional outcomes in active range of motion are better in the WALANT approach than in general anaesthesia.
Immunohisto Chemical Expression of IDH1, ATRX and P53 in Low Grade Diffuse Gliomas at Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi
Authors: Arif Ayesha , Akhtar Farhan , Ahson Ahmed , Uddin Hafeez , Ahmed Rabia , Ahmed Aminah 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To determine the immune histochemical expression of IDH1, ATRX and p53 in low-grade diffuse gliomas.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Histopathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jan to Jun 2020.
Methodology: Forty-two cases of low-grade diffuse glioma were included in the study. The cases were stratified into diffuse astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma based on results of immunohistochemistry expression for IDH1, ATRX and p53.
Results: The frontal lobe was the most commonly affected site 14 (33.3%). Based on the results of immunohistochemistry expression, 26 cases (61.9%) were diagnosed as an oligodendroglioma, while 16 cases (38.1%) were diagnosed as diffuse astrocytoma. All cases were assigned who grade II out of IV. In oligodendrogliomas, all cases (100%) were IDH1 mutants with the retained expression of ATRX and wild type expression of p53. Among the 16 cases of diffuse astrocytoma, IDH1 was mutant in 12 cases (75%), ATRX expression was lost in all cases, and p53 was mutant in 6 cases (37.5%).
Conclusion: The study showed that low-grade diffuse gliomas could be stratified and sub-classified in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of CNS tumours (2016) successfully by application of immunohistochemistry for IDH1, ATRX and p53.
Effectiveness of Flipped Classroom and Team-Based Learning in Teaching Biochemistry to Medical Students
Authors: Zaman Atteaya , Yasmeen Raheela , Faysal Lubna Rani , Minhas Rafia , Taj Rizwan , Mumtaz Saima 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of Team-based learning and flipped classrooms in terms of test scores in undergraduate medical education.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Federal Medical College, Islamabad Pakistan, from Mar to Jun 2020.
Methodology: A total of 100 first-year MBBS students were randomly equally allocated to either team-based learning or flipped classroom for biochemistry class. In the former technique, students were assigned a topic from the textbook as prereading material. In contrast, in the latter technique, they were given an audio-based power-point lecture before class. Then, students were asked to review the material and prepare at least three questions to ask during class in the flipped classroom while they followed a modified team-based learning class. In the first session, there were (n=43) and (n=39) students in the Team-based Learning and Flipped Classroom group, whereas in the second session, 40 students each attended class. However, in the third and fourth sessions, attendance was 100.0%. Each session was given pre and post-test based on 20 Multiple Choice Questions.
Results: Females were in the majority (57%), and most students (72%) were 17 years of age. Team-based learning scored better than Flipped Classroom in each session. For example, in session 1, the mean scores were 67.0 ± 10.4 in Team-Based Learning and 48.3 ± 8.4 in Flipped Classroom group (p-value <0.001). The difference in marks obtained continued in sessions 2, 3 and 4.
Conclusion: Team-Based Learning is more effective than Flipped classrooms in teaching biochemistry to medical students.