bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical utility of linear endosonography in patients with unexplained biliary dilatation and negative MRCP, with predictors for detection of neoplastic lesions
Authors: Atalla Hassan , Menessy Ayman , Hakim Hazem , Shiomi Hideyuki , Kodama Yuzo , Ghoneem Elsayed 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims
Unexplained biliary dilatation (UBD) frequently represents a diagnostic dilemma. Linear endosonography (EUS), with its close proximity to the pancreaticobiliary system and the ability for tissue acquisition, could have a role in revealing etiologies of UBD particularly in the context of negative other non-invasive modalities. However, in such patients, the decision for this semi-invasive procedure is usually debatable and often needs justification. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of linear EUS in patients with UBD after negative magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and to delineate predictors for EUS ability to detect neoplastic lesions.

Patients and methods
This was a prospective diagnostic observational study between 2018 and 2021. Included patients with evidence of biliary dilatation on abdominal ultrasound and negative MRCP underwent linear EUS examination. Results were compared to the final diagnosis relied on histopathology after EUS-guided biopsy or surgery for neoplastic lesions, while ERCP, diagnostic EUS criteria plus histopathology for autoimmune pancreatitis, Rosemont criteria for chronic pancreatitis, and/or follow-up for 6 months were the gold standard tests for non-neoplastic etiologies. Logistic regression was conducted to reveal predictors of neoplasm detection by EUS.

Results
Sixty-one patients (mean age 60 years, 32 females) were enrolled; 13.1% of them were asymptomatic. The final diagnosis was categorized into 29 patients with and 32 without neoplasms. Sensitivity, specificity, positive, negative predictive values (PPV, NPV), and accuracy of EUS-positive findings were 98.3%, 100%, 100%, 66.7%, and 98.3%, respectively. Corresponding results for neoplasm identification were 100%, 93.8%, 93.5%, 100%, and 96.7%, respectively. The most common neoplastic etiologies were small pancreatic and ampullary masses. Common bile duct (CBD) diameter > 12.9mm and CA19-9 > 37.1 u/ML were independent predictors for pancreaticobiliary neoplasm at multivariate regression analysis.

Conclusion
Linear EUS appears to have a high accuracy in detecting etiologies of UBD, with higher sensitivity for small pancreatic, ampullary lesions, and CBD stones. CBD diameter > 12.9 mm and elevated CA19-9 > 37.1 u/ML should raise a concern about the presence of occult pancreaticobiliary neoplasm, and then, EUS may be warranted even in asymptomatic patients.
Characterization of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from Wharton’s jelly of the human umbilical cord
Authors: Abouelnaga Hager , El-Khateeb Doaa , Moemen Yasmine , El-Fert Ashraf , Elgazzar Mohamed , Khalil Ashraf 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Isolation of post-partum umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly stem cells has gained attention as an alternative source of the bone marrow. Because easy isolation, lack of ethical concerns, and the presence of both embryonic and adult stem cells have made them a valuable source for use in therapeutic applications and regenerative medicine. The study utilized a modified protocol using in-house human pooled cord blood serum for isolation and expansion of the mesenchymal stem cells obtained from the human umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly. Cell proliferation and population doubling time and tri-lineage differentiation were assessed, and the expressions of mesenchymal cell surface markers CD44, CD90, CD105, and CD34 were assessed by flow cytometry and RT-PCR. The genetic stability of the isolated cells was assessed by chromosomal karyotype.

Results
The isolated cells displayed fibroblastic-like morphology and tri-lineage differentiation into adipocyte, chondrocyte, and osteocyte. The isolated cells maintained the proliferative competence with a doubling time ranged from 38 to 42h and corresponded well with the standard positive and negative molecular markers (CD44+, CD90+, CD 105+, and CD34−). Cell senescence occurred at the later passage of the cells (P15) affecting, about 25% of the population. Metaphases spread of the cells showed normal diploid karyotypes, with typical chromosomal plates indicating genetic stability of the isolated cells.

Conclusion
The primary cultures exhibited success in isolating the umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells, which maintained their tri-lineage differentiation potential, phenotypes and karyotype characteristics on further passage and expansion.
Etiology and outcome of neonatal cholestasis: an experience in a tertiary center of Bangladesh
Authors: Mahmud Salahuddin , Gulshan Jahida , Parvez Mashud , Tasneem Farhana , Ahmed Syed Shafi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundNeonatal cholestasis (NC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young infants. This study examines the etiology of NC and its outcome during 2 years of follow-up at a tertiary referral center in Bangladesh.ResultsOut of 80 cholestatic infants, 60% had intrahepatic cholestasis with a mean age of onset of 12.4±2.8 days and a mean age of admission of 82.4±29.0 days. The remaining 40% were extrahepatic with a mean age of onset of 6.7±2.3 days and a mean age of admission of 94.6±50.4 days. Biliary atresia (BA), idiopathic neonatal hepatitis (INH), and TORCH (Toxoplasma, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex) infection except rubella were the most common causes. After receiving treatment, 46.2% of the cases improved, 23.8% deteriorated with morbidity, and 30% died. The majority of the children with INH, TORCH, choledochal cyst, hypothyroidism, galactosemia, and urinary tract infection (UTI) with sepsis were improved. Significant mortality was found in BA (56.6%), intrahepatic bile duct paucity (PIBD) (100%), and progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) (100%) whereas the rest of BA (43.4%) live with persistent morbidity. Significant clinical improvement was observed in 37 (46.2%) cases of cholestasis evidenced by decreasing jaundice, change of color of urine from dark to normal color, change of stool color from pale to yellow, and gradual decrease in liver size from hepatomegaly state. In addition, decreasing median total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, alanine transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and alkaline phosphatase showed biochemical improvement at 2 years follow-up. The age of admission, etiology, and presence of ascites are the predictors of outcomes.ConclusionBA was the most common cause of extrahepatic while INH and TORCH infection were the most common cause of intrahepatic cholestasis. Majority of children with intrahepatic cholestasis improved but deteriorated with BA and genetic causes. Prompt referral and early diagnosis as well as the etiology of NC were the main determinants of the favorable outcome.
Proximal migration of Plastibell circumcision: two case reports and review of the literature
Authors: Ahmad Ali M. , Ahmed Sara Elfadil , Mostafa Noha Ali , Nafisah Turki Ibrahim 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Male circumcision is one of the oldest and most commonly performed surgical procedures in the world; in fact, one of every 3 males in the world is circumcised. Plastibell circumcision is the commonest procedure performed worldwide with higher rates of satisfaction and lower rates of complications.

Case presentation
We present two cases, 4 and 5 months old with proximal migration of Plastibell ring with penile incarcerations that were managed successfully. We aim to highlight the necessary precautions needed to avoid serious complications after a minor surgical procedure.

Conclusions
Plastibell circumcision is a minor surgical procedure that is underestimated with the potential for major and serious complications. The implementation of the law against the practice of non-professional individuals, standardization of the procedure, and improvement of communication are highly recommended to avoid unnecessary and serious complications. Plastibell ring circumcision still needs further studies to examine ring antimigration, re-designing, and the best types and sizes of threads used. Lastly, studies are also needed to determine a cost-effective routine follow-up visit post-Plastibell circumcision procedures.
Complete diphallia associated with unusual multiple congenital anomalies: case report and review of literatures
Authors: Al-Abbasi Bassam Khaleel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Diphallus (duplication of phallus) is rarely encountered in surgical practice with only 100 cases reported in literature. Some cases may be isolated but mostly associated with other anomalies, without clear data about its etiology.

Case presentation
We reported a 1-day-old newborn baby who was presented with complete duplication of the phallus, one of them being hypospadic associated with a high type imperforate anus, omphalocele, congenital pouch colon, sacral meningocele, and other congenital anomalies not reported before in such combinations.
Multiple stages surgical corrective procedures were performed over a period of 4 years with 4–6 months interval between each stage, starting with the management of omphalocele and colostomy, ended by excision of the abnormal phallus with abdominoplasty and closure of colostomy.
The outcome was evaluated, and literatures were reviewed in relation to types, presentations, and options for surgical correction with optimal outcomes.

Conclusion
A combination of diphallia and other abnormalities in our patient are not reported previously in such manner and were very difficult to be corrected.
Only expert pediatric surgeons should treat such conditions as every case is unique in nature. In all conditions, the abnormal phallus should be excised, and the final aim is to achieve a continent child with cosmetically acceptable genitalia.
The potential cost of regulation of methane and nitrous oxide emissions in U.S. agriculture
Authors: Kabata Tshepelayi , Fulginiti Lilyan E. , Perrin Richard K. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Most studies on the environmental impacts of agriculture have attempted to measure environmental impacts but have not assessed the ability of the sector to reduce or mitigate such impacts. Only a few studies have examined greenhouse gas emissions from the sector. This paper assesses the ability of states in the U.S. to reduce agricultural emissions of methane and nitrous oxide, two major greenhouse gases (GHGs) with important global warming potential.

Methods
The analysis evaluates Färe’s PAC (pollution abatement cost) for each state and year, a measure of the potential opportunity costs of subjecting the sector to GHG emissions regulation. We use both hyperbolic and directional distance functions to specify agricultural technology with good and bad outputs.

Results and conclusions
We find that such regulations might reduce output by an average of about 2%, although the results for individual states vary quite widely.
Areawide management of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), using selected cover crop plants
Authors: Meagher Robert L. , Nagoshi Rodney N. , Fleischer Shelby J. , Westbrook John K. , Wright David L. , Morris J. Bradley , Brown James T. , Rowley Amy J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundFall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda(J. E. Smith) is a migratory moth that annually migrates northward each spring from sites in southern Florida and southern Texas. This caterpillar pest feeds on and damages row, turf and vegetable crops in the eastern and central U.S. Before migrating in spring, it feeds on cover crops in central and eastern Florida and expands its populations. Our objective was to use multi-year studies to compare fall armyworm populations that develop in cover crop plants.MethodsA series of field experiments and a laboratory feeding study were conducted to compare infestation and feeding and of fall armyworm on different cover crop plants. Field experiments had plots planted with corn (Zea maysL.), sorghum-sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench], a standard cover crop in Florida, and two alternative cover crops, sunn hemp (Crotalaria junceaL.) and cowpea [Vigna unguiculata(L.) Walpers spp.unguiculata]. Another trial compared populations in sorghum-sudangrass and in mixtures of sorghum-sudangrass with buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentumMoench) or pearl millet (Cenchrus americanus(L.) Morrone). Fall armyworm larvae were fed and allowed to develop on different sunn hemp germplasm in a laboratory trial.ResultsField populations of fall armyworm were highest on corn, followed by sorghum-sudangrass. Sunn hemp and cowpea had larval populations 70–96% less than on sorghum-sudangrass, suggesting replacement of this cover crop with either plant species might help reduce areawide populations of resident or migratory fall armyworm. Larvae collected from cover crop plots had parasitism levels that averaged 30%, withChelonus insularis(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) emerging as the most commonly-collected species. Larval feeding on different sunn hemp germplasm lines resulted in no difference in weight gain.ConclusionsReplacing sorghum-sudangrass with sunn hemp varieties or germplasm should be acceptable as a replacement cover crop for areawide management of fall armyworm.
Visualization and Maneuverability Features of a Robotic Arm Three-Dimensional Exoscope and Operating Microscope for Clipping an Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm: Video Comparison and Technical Evaluation
Authors: Haeren Roel , Hafez Ahmad , Lehecka Martin 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND:
In recent years, three-dimensional (3D) digital exoscope systems have been developed and reported to form an adequate alternative to the conventional operating microscope.

OBJECTIVE:
To illustrate essential and practical features in a surgical video comparing a robotic arm 3D digital exoscope and a conventional operating microscope to clip a middle cerebral artery aneurysm.

METHODS:
We used a mouth switch–controlled operating microscope (OPMI PENTERO 900; Carl Zeiss Meditec AG) and robotic arm–controlled 3D digital Aeos exoscope (Aesculap Inc). We assessed the following visualization and optical features: overall visualization quality, color and contrast quality, range and quality of magnification, and adjustment of focus. In addition, we assessed maneuverability for changing surgical site within and viewing angle of the surgical field.

RESULTS:
We found that both modalities are suitable for this surgery and offer distinct qualities. The microscope enables faster magnification adjustment and continuous mouth switch–controlled focus adjustments. The advantages of the exoscope include the adaptation of color and contrast settings, and the surgeon can keep both hands in the surgical field while the camera pivots around its working field.

CONCLUSION:
The exoscope and operating microscope offer a similar high-quality visualization of, and smooth maneuvering within, the surgical field. The method of visualization and maneuvering is, however, very distinct. Therefore, a surgeon's acquaintance and experience with the specific features and how to optimally use them in surgery are of utmost importance. Further analyses of both systems are needed to evolve these tools.
A convencionalização do Direito Administrativo na América Latina
Authors: Wunder Hachem Daniel 
Published: January 2022

O artigo sustenta que nos países da América Latina é necessária a convencionalização do Direito Administrativo: um processo de releitura dos institutos desse ramo jurídico à luz do conteúdo dos tratados de direitos humanos e da jurisprudência das Cortes Internacionais. Examina em que medida as disposições da Convenção Americana de Direitos Humanos e a jurisprudência da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (Corte IDH) passam a operar como fontes do Direito Administrativo, que devem ser levadas em conta pela Administração Pública e pelos órgãos de controle como parâmetro de validade da atividade administrativa. Analisa a posição da jurisprudência da Corte IDH segundo a qual compete a todos os órgãos e autoridades públicas nacionais o dever de exercer o controle de convencionalidade, mediante a verificação de compatibilidade das normas de Direito interno com os tratados internacionais de direitos humanos. Propõe critérios operacionais e procedimentais para a realização do controle de convencionalidade pelas autoridades administrativas nos países latino-americanos.
Invisibilidade do racismo e as lutas antirracistas a partir dos estudos da UNESCO de 1950
Authors: CAVALCANTE ANDARAÍ RAMOS 
Published: January 2022

O presente artigo apresenta as lutas antirracistas e resistências do povo negro brasileiro tomando como ponto de partida as indicações do Brasil como exemplo positivo de convivência harmoniosa entre as raças, conferidas pela Organização das Nações Unidas para Educação, Ciência e Cultura (UNESCO), nos anos de 1950. Utilizando, especialmente, a pesquisa bibliográfica das obras de Thales de Azevedo, Florestan Fernandes e Oracy Nogueira, que participaram diretamente dos estudos da UNESCO, constata-se um quadro permanente de invisibilidade do racismo presente nas estruturas do Estado brasileiro e aspectos históricos sobre as questões raciais ainda por resolver. Destaca-se, ainda, que, para estudar as questões raciais no Brasil, é imprescindível abordar também as lutas contra o racismo.

Palavras-chave: Racismo, Democracia racial, Resistências
ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to present studies on race relations in Brazilian society that analyzed the indications of UNESCO in Brazil as a positive example of harmonious coexistence between races. However, there is a permanent invisibility of racism present in the structures of the Brazilian State and historical aspects of racial issues still to be resolved. The methodology used was the documentary research of three authors who participated directly in the studies. It is also noteworthy that studying racial issues in Brazil is essential to address also the struggles against racism.

Keywords: Racism, Racial democracy, Resistance
Fear of death among voluntary migrants - qualitative pilot study
Authors: Piłat Marzena 
Published: January 2022

Aim of the studyThe studies presented here were aimed at answering the following questions: do voluntary migrants, when deciding to cross borders illegally, take into account the risk of losing their life, how much they fear it, and whether personality traits, such as sensation seeking or self-esteem and culture worldview, are associated with the fear of death.Subject or material and methodsThe research covered 16 voluntary migrants. A psychological interview and observation were used. Attempts were made to explain the fear of death and the related behaviours of migrants on the basis of two theories: sensation seeking theory by M. Zuckerman and terror management theory by Greenberg, Pyszczynski and Solomon.ResultsIt turned out that the subjects rarely considered the risk of losing health or life on their way to the EU, and the level of fear of death was low, especially in men.DiscussionThe existence of relationships between the level of anxiety and sensation seeking, self-esteem and worldview has been noticed.ConclusionsThe level of fear in women can be explained by their age, life experience, way of making decisions and awareness of dangers along the route to the UE. Women thought about passing away more often because they encountered the death of their relatives more often. Men often made decisions on an impulse. The contemplating death, second aspect of the thanatological attitude was absent in them. They had higher self-esteem than women, a more stable culture worldview, and a higher sensation seeking and propensity for risky behavior. These personality traits may have diminished the fear of death.
Manifestation of oxidative stress during pregnancy in women with chronic diseases of hepatobiliary system against the background of reproductive losses
Authors: Bichevska R. G. , Loskutova I. V. 
Published: January 2022

In the early stages of gestation the changes in the lipid peroxidation can lead to violations of regulatory and protective functions of biomembranes in pregnant women. The objective: to study the changes in the concentration of intermediate and final products of LPO during the first trimester of gestation in patients with early miscarriage against the background of chronic diseases of the hepatobiliary system. Materials and methods. 118 pregnant women in the first trimester of gestation (7-10 weeks), aged 22 - 39 y. o. (mean age 29.4 ± 2.7 years) have been examined.64 women (54.2%) were diagnosed with a risk of miscarriage, and 17 patients were diagnosed with involuntary miscarriage within 10-12 days. All women were diagnosed with non-viral and non-alcoholic chronic HBS paathology: hepatic steatosis had 38 patients (32.2%), 80 patients (67.8%) had non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; in 97 patients (82.2%) chronic non-calculous cholecystitis was diagnosed. The state of lipid peroxidation was assessed by the content of malonic dialdehyde spectrophotometrically, as well as diene conjugates in the blood The indicator of erythrocyte peroxide hemolysis was examined by the level of erythrocyte peroxide resistance. Results. A significant increase in intermediate and final products of lipid peroxidation in pregnant women with an unfavorable premorbid background in the form of chronic diseases of the hepatobiliary system and a history of reproductive losses. A significant increase of MDA and DC concentration was found at the risk of premature termination of pregnancy. The degree of PLO processes activation makes these parameters integrative criteria for the detection of systemic metabolic disorders during gestation in women with GBS extragenital pathology. Conclusion. During physiological pregnancy there is an accumulation of metabolites of lipid peroxidation, which is associated with an increase in basic metabolism in women and an increase in oxygen consumption from the blood.
Relationships between phosphatemia/phosphaturia and EEG/HRV parameters in patients with chronic pyelonephritis
Authors: Kushneruk Anatoliy , Gozhenko Anatoliy , Zukow Walery , Popovych Igor 
Published: January 2022

Background. As part of the project "Relationships between parameters of electrolytes exchange and EEG&HRV in people without kidney disease and patients with chronic pyelonephritis" we have previously shown that parameters of calcium exchange and EEG/HRV are closely related. In this study, we analyzed the relationships between parameters of phosphate exchange and EEG/HRV in the same cohort of patients. Material and methods. The object of observation were 48 males and 15 females 24-76 years old, who came to the spa Truskavets’ (Ukraine) for the treatment of chronic pyelonephritis in remission. We recorded simultaneosly EEG (“NeuroCom Standard”) and electrocardiogram ("CardioLab+HRV") in II lead to assess the parameters of HRV. Phosphate concentration was determined in blood plasma and daily urine. Results. It was stated normal or moderately reduced plasma phosphate levels in combination with a very wide range of phosphate urinary excretion. A very strong canonical correlation was found between phosphatemia and EEG/HRV parameters (R=0,982). The correlations with the parameters of the beta and theta rhythms of the EEG and the HRV are positive, while with the parameters of the delta rhythm of the EEG are negative. The canonical correlation between phosphaturia and EEG parameters is also very strong (R=0,879). Conclusion. Parameters of phosphate exchange and EEG/HRV are closely related, however the question of the causal nature of correlations remains open.