bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing cross-field demagnetization of superconducting stacks by soldering in pairs
Authors: Dadhich Anang , Li Shuo , Solovyov Mykola , Šouc Ján , Mošat’ Marek , Pardo Enric 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Superconducting stacks can be used as strong permanent magnets in several applications. One of their uses is to build light and compact superconducting motors for aviation, where these magnets can be used in the rotor, but they can demagnetize quickly in the presence of cross fields. In this article, we propose a new configuration of soldered stacks face-to-face, which can be constructed by relatively simple joining techniques. Based on numerical modeling of the cross-field demagnetization of stacks of two and 16 tapes, we show that such a sample can withstand around twice as high ripple field amplitudes than isolated stacks. This is due to the increase in the parallel penetration field by around a factor 2. For cross-field amplitudes below this value, a soldered stack can retain higher permanent magnetization than isolated stacks. This method of reducing cross-field demagnetization does not decrease the power or torque rating of a motor, compared to other strategies like the increase in the gap between rotor and stator.
Optimal navigation of microswimmers in complex and noisy environments
Authors: Piro Lorenzo , Mahault Benoît , Golestanian Ramin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We design new navigation strategies for travel time optimization of microscopic self-propelled particles in complex and noisy environments. In contrast to strategies relying on the results of optimal control theory or machine learning approaches, implementation of these protocols can be done in a semi-autonomous fashion, as it does not require control over the microswimmer motion via external feedback loops. Although the strategies we propose rely on simple principles, they show arrival time statistics strikingly close to optimality, as well as performances that are robust to environmental changes and strong fluctuations. These features, as well as their applicability to more general optimization problems, make these strategies promising candidates for the realization of optimized semi-autonomous navigation.
A measure of complexity for axial self-gravitating static fluids
Authors: Farwa U , Yousaf Z , Bhatti M Z 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
One of the feasible potential candidates for illustrating the accelerating expansion of the cosmos can be taken through the notion of modified gravity. Within the context of metric f(R) gravity, the contribution of this work features a better understanding of complexity factors for anisotropic static fluid composition in axially symmetric spacetime. This is a generalization of the work done by Herrera et al (2019, Phys. Rev. D
99, 044 049). We formulate generalized dynamical and field equations for anisotropic sources in our analysis. We will compute three distinct complexity factors (Y

TF1, Y

TF2, Y

TF3) after incorporating structure scalars via orthogonal breakdown of the curvature tensor. The differential equations for the conformal tensor are assessed in terms of these complexity factors for the physical illustration. It is inferred that all these factors vanish for the matter spheroid provided with energy homogeneity and isotropic pressure. Nonetheless, the vanishing of these factors might be observed in different scenarios. This happened because energy inhomogeneity and pressure anisotropy cancel out each other in the description of complexity factors. Certain exact solutions of this nature have been reported and studied. All of the outcomes would reduce to general relativity within usual limits.
Photonic crystal for efficiency enhancement of the semitransparent organic solar cells
Authors: Ahmadi Neda 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We have designed the semitransparent organic solar cells (STOSCs) with two fullerene materials as active layers. we have used the two-dimensional(2D) photonic crystals (PCs) inside the active layer and investigated the optical and electrical parameters of solar cells. We have utilized the Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method for our simulation and have shown the effect of 2D photonic crystals in transmission, absorption, short-circuit current density (Jsc), generation rate, and electrical current. We also found that the polymer donorpoly[2,60-4,8-di(5-ethylhexylthienyl)benzo[1,2-b;3,3-b[dithiophene]-alt-[3-fluoro-2[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b[thiophenediyl] (PTB7- Th) with the visible absorbing fullerene acceptor [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM), PTB7-Th:PC71BM, can be a better choice as an active layer compared with the poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methylester (PCBM), P3HT:PCBM. This study can be useful for light management in STOSCs.
Realistic photon-number resolution in generalized Hong-Ou-Mandel experiment
Authors: Len V Ye , Byelova M M , Uzunova V A , Semenov A A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We consider realistic photodetection in a generalization of the Hong-Ou-Mandel experiment to the multimode case. The basic layout of this experiment underlies boson sampling—a promising model of nonuniversal quantum computations. Peculiarities of photocounting probabilities in such an experiment witness important nonclassical properties of electromagnetic field related to indistinguishability of boson particles. In practice, these probabilities are changed from their theoretical values due to the imperfect ability of realistic detectors to distinguish numbers of bunched photons. We derive analytical expressions for photocounting distributions in the generalized Hong-Ou-Mandel experiment for the case of realistic photon-number resolving (PNR) detectors. It is shown that probabilities of properly postselected events are proportional to probabilities obtained for perfect PNR detectors. Our results are illustrated with examples of arrays of on/off detectors and detectors affected by a finite dead time.
A prototype biospecklemeter for microbiological analysis: a starting point for a potential digital-image laser antibiotic susceptibility test
Authors: Grassi Hilda Cristina , Andrades Efrén De Jesús , Lobo María Lorena , Andrades Jesús Enrique 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This work describes the design and construction of a low-cost prototype biospecklemeter. In this first report of its applications a microbiological analysis was performed. The relationship between microorganism density, motility and biospeckle activity was evaluated. The aim is to produce a device for research and for student use. The biospecklemeter was constructed on an antivibration table with low-cost materials and accessories and assayed using different microorganisms grown in Mueller–Hinton broth and/or agar as well as urine samples. Three lasers were installed (blue, green and red) as well as two webcams and a charge-coupled device camera. The samples were carried within the wells of a VDRL plate and 5–30 s videos or photographs of reflected light were taken. Video or photo processing was carried out using the method of temporal differences (ImageJ) or generalized differences (ImageDP). It was possible to establish a direct relationship between spectrophotometric absorption, the microbial count and the biospeckle intensity; changes in motility and the effect of antibiotics on bacterial laboratory samples as well as on urine samples were also detected. Finally, with this method colonies of different microorganisms on Mueller–Hinton agar were studied.
Global gyrokinetic simulations of electrostatic microturbulent transport using kinetic electrons in LHD stellarator
Authors: Singh Tajinder , Nicolau Javier H. , Lin Zhihong , Sharma Sarveshwar , Sen Abhijit , Kuley Animesh 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Global gyrokinetic simulations of ion temperature gradient (ITG) and trapped electron mode (TEM) in the LHD stellarator are carried out using the gyrokinetic toroidal code (GTC) with kinetic electrons. ITG simulations show that kinetic electron effects increase the growth rate by more than 50% and more than double the turbulent transport levels compared with simulations using adiabatic electrons. Zonal flow dominates the saturation mechanism in the ITG turbulence. Nonlinear simulations of the TEM turbulence show that the main saturation mechanism is not the zonal flow but the inverse cascade of high to low toroidal harmonics. Further nonlinear simulations with various pressure profiles indicate that the ITG turbulence is more effective in driving heat conductivity whereas the TEM turbulence is more effective for particle diffusivity.
A SECI Method Based on Improved YOLOv4 for Traffic Sign Detection and Recognition
Authors: Zuo Jing , Han Fengchun , Meng Qingda 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Traffic sign detection and recognition (TSDR) has become extraordinarily significant in autonomous driving. To trade-off between high accuracy and fast detection speed, a four-stage method, Selecting-Extracting-Cleaning and Identifying (SECI) based on improved algorithm of You Only Look Once version 4 (YOLOv4) is proposed, including selecting the anchor boxes of traffic signs by using k-means++ clustering algorithm, extracting traffic sign features by using subsampled layer, cleaning the redundant information by amending structure of the Spatial Pyramid Pooling (SPP) and identifying traffic signs by adding auxiliary branches and multi-scale feature fusion. Compared to the origin YOLOv4, the results show that, the SECI method improves the mean average precision (mAP) by 6.71%, the detection speed is improved by 37%, and the F1 score is improved by 13%.
Multi-sensor Resource Management and Intelligent Target Tracking Strategy Generation and Evaluation Based on Ant Colony Algorithm
Authors: Ma Chen , Shang Xia , Wan Yujun , Du Wei , ZhuanSun Shaoshuai 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper studies the multi-sensor resource management and intelligent tracking strategy generation for different targets. Firstly, the multi-sensor resource management methods are analyzed and compared with each other to specify the planning and information theories as the basis for this research. Then, a functional model is established according to the sensor resource updates, target visibility analysis, sensor performance analysis and sensor-to-target assignments. And the multi-sensor intelligent target tracking workflow is designed based on the function model. Thirdly, the corresponding multi-sensor intelligent target tracking strategy generation is designed based on ant colony algorithm. Finally, the evaluation analysis on the strategy generation is completed. This study provides a reference for the future studies on multi-sensor intelligent target tracking and multi-sensor system design.
Functional mobility decline and incident mild cognitive impairment and early dementia in community-dwelling older adults: the Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Study
Authors: Ng Tze Pin , Lee Tih Shih , Lim Wee Shiong , Chong Mei Sian , Yap Philip , Cheong Chin Yee , Rawtaer Iris , Liew Tau Ming , Gwee Xinyi , Gao Qi , Yap Keng Bee 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Motor and gait disturbances are evident in early Alzheimer and non-Alzheimer dementias and may predict the likelihood of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or progression to dementia.

Objective
We investigated the Timed-Up-and-Go (TUG) measure of functional mobility in predicting cognitive decline and incident MCI or early dementia (MCI–dementia).

Design
Prospective cohort study with 4.5 years follow-up.

Setting
Population based.

Participants
2,544 community-dwelling older adults aged 55+ years.

Methods
Participants with baseline data on TUG, fast gait speed (GS), knee extension strength (KES) and performance-oriented mobility assessment (POMA) gait and balance were followed up for cognitive decline (Mini-Mental State Exam; MMSE drop of ≥2, among 1,336 dementia-free participants) and incident MCI–dementia (among 1,208 cognitively normal participants). Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking, physical, social and productive activity, multi-morbidity, metabolic syndrome and MMSE.

Results
Per standard deviation increase in TUG, POMA, GS and KES were significantly associated with incident MCI–dementia: TUG (OR = 2.84, 95% CI = 2.02–3.99), GS (OR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.62–2.91), POMA (OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.22–2.92) and KES (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.15–2.02). Adjusted OR remained significant only for TUG (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.01–2.31) and GS (OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.08–2.16). Areas under the curve (AUC) for TUG (AUC = 0.729, 95% CI = 0.671–0.787) were significantly greater than GS (AUC = 0.683, 95% CI = 0.619–0.746), KES (AUC = 0.624, 95% CI = 0.558–0.689) and POMA (AUC = 0.561, 95% CI = 0.485–0.637). Similar associations with cognitive decline were significant though less pronounced, and adjusted ORs remained significant for TUG, GS and POMA.

Conclusion
Functional mobility decline precedes incident MCI and early dementia. The TUG appears to be especially accurate in predicting the future risks of adverse cognitive outcomes.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03405675. Registered 23 January 2018 (retrospectively registered).
The levels of plasma plasmalogen in retired female rats decrease by ovariectomy and intake of cholesterol-diet
Authors: Hashiguchi Kiwa , Kikuchi Takuma , Mizokami Takuya , Sato Masao , Nishimukai Megumi 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Plasmalogens are functional glycerophospholipids that play important biological roles in the human body and are associated with various diseases. In our previous study, plasma choline plasmalogen level was reported to be strongly associated with factors of atherosclerosis and decreases with age. In this study, we created an animal model of low plasma plasmalogen and clarified the effect of aging on plasma plasmalogen metabolism and other plasma lipids in ovariectomized rats. Consequently, in the ovariectomized model using retired rats (Retire + OVX rats), we found a reduction in the ratio of plasmalogen in total phospholipids and an increase in cholesterol in plasma. Furthermore, this was more pronounced with the intake of a high-cholesterol diet in the Retire + OVX rats and is similar to the changes in plasmalogen and cholesterol levels in human atherosclerosis. In summary, this suggests that the ovariectomy model using retired rats is a useful model for low plasma plasmalogen levels.
Integrative genomics reveals pathogenic mediator of valproate-induced neurodevelopmental disability
Authors: Feleke Rahel , Jazayeri Dana , Abouzeid Maya , Powell Kim L , Srivastava Prashant K , O’Brien Terence J , Jones Nigel C , Johnson Michael R 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Prenatal exposure to the anti-seizure medication sodium valproate (VPA) is associated with an increased risk of adverse postnatal neurodevelopmental outcomes, including lowered intellectual ability, autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. In this study, we aimed to clarify the molecular mechanisms underpinning the neurodevelopmental consequences of gestational VPA exposure using integrative genomics. We assessed the effect of gestational VPA on foetal brain gene expression using a validated rat model of valproate teratogenicity that mimics the human scenario of chronic oral valproate treatment during pregnancy at doses that are therapeutically relevant to the treatment of epilepsy. Two different rat strains were studied—inbred Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg, a model of genetic generalized epilepsy, and inbred non-epileptic control rats. Female rats were fed standard chow or VPA mixed in standard chow for 2 weeks prior to conception and then mated with same-strain males. In the VPA-exposed rats maternal oral treatment was continued throughout pregnancy. Foetuses were extracted via C-section on gestational Day 21 (1 day prior to birth) and foetal brains were snap-frozen and genome-wide gene expression data generated. We found that gestational VPA exposure via chronic maternal oral dosing was associated with substantial drug-induced differential gene expression in the pup brains, including dysregulated splicing, and observed that this occurred in the absence of evidence for significant neuronal gain or loss. The functional consequences of VPA-induced gene expression were explored using pathway analysis and integration with genetic risk data for psychiatric disease and behavioural traits. The set of genes downregulated by VPA in the pup brains were significantly enriched for pathways related to neurodevelopment and synaptic function and significantly enriched for heritability to human intelligence, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Our results provide a mechanistic link between chronic foetal VPA exposure and neurodevelopmental disability mediated by VPA-induced transcriptional dysregulation.
Regulation of mitophagy by the NSL complex underlies genetic risk for Parkinson’s disease at 16q11.2 and MAPT H1 loci
Authors: Soutar Marc P M , Melandri Daniela , O’Callaghan Benjamin , Annuario Emily , Monaghan Amy E , Welsh Natalie J , D’Sa Karishma , Guelfi Sebastian , Zhang David , Pittman Alan , Trabzuni Daniah , Verboven Anouk H A , Pan Kylie S , Kia Demis A , Bictash Magda , Gandhi Sonia , Houlden Henry , Cookson Mark R , Kasri Nael Nadif , Wood Nicholas W , Singleton Andrew B , Hardy John , Whiting Paul J , Blauwendraat Cornelis , Whitworth Alexander J , Manzoni Claudia , Ryten Mina , Lewis Patrick A , Plun-Favreau Hélène 
Published: September 2022

AbstractParkinson’s disease is a common incurable neurodegenerative disease. The identification of genetic variants via genome-wide association studies has considerably advanced our understanding of the Parkinson’s disease genetic risk. Understanding the functional significance of the risk loci is now a critical step towards translating these genetic advances into an enhanced biological understanding of the disease. Impaired mitophagy is a key causative pathway in familial Parkinson’s disease, but its relevance to idiopathic Parkinson’s disease is unclear. We used a mitophagy screening assay to evaluate the functional significance of risk genes identified through genome-wide association studies. We identified two new regulators of PINK1-dependent mitophagy initiation, KAT8 and KANSL1, previously shown to modulate lysine acetylation. These findings suggest PINK1-mitophagy is a contributing factor to idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. KANSL1 is located on chromosome 17q21 where the risk associated gene has long been considered to be MAPT. While our data do not exclude a possible association between the MAPT gene and Parkinson’s disease, they provide strong evidence that KANSL1 plays a crucial role in the disease. Finally, these results enrich our understanding of physiological events regulating mitophagy and establish a novel pathway for drug targeting in neurodegeneration.
The multifaceted role of neurofilament light chain protein in non-primary neurological diseases
Authors: Abu-Rumeileh Samir , Abdelhak Ahmed , Foschi Matteo , D'Anna Lucio , Russo Michele , Steinacker Petra , Kuhle Jens , Tumani Hayrettin , Blennow Kaj , Otto Markus 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe advancing validation and exploitation of CSF and blood neurofilament light chain protein as a biomarker of neuroaxonal damage has deeply changed the current diagnostic and prognostic approach to neurological diseases. Further, recent studies have provided evidence of potential new applications of this biomarker also in non-primary neurological diseases. In the present review we summarize the state of the art, future perspectives, but also limitations, of neurofilament light chain protein as a CSF and blood biomarker in several medical fields, including intensive care medicine, surgery, internal medicine and psychiatry. In particular, neurofilament light chain protein is associated with the degree of neurological impairment and outcome in patients admitted to intensive care units or in the perioperative phase and it seems to be highly interconnected with cardiovascular risk factors. Beyond that, interesting diagnostic and prognostic insights have been provided by the investigation of neurofilament light chain protein in psychiatric disorders as well as in the current coronavirus disease-19 pandemic and in normal ageing. Altogether, current data outline a multifaceted applicability of CSF and blood neurofilament light chain protein ranging from the critical clinical setting to the development of precision medicine models suggesting a strict interplay between the nervous system pathophysiology and the health-illness continuum.
ATP6V0C variants impair V-ATPase function causing a neurodevelopmental disorder often associated with epilepsy
Authors: Mattison Kari A , Tossing Gilles , Mulroe Fred , Simmons Callum , Butler Kameryn M , Schreiber Alison , Alsadah Adnan , Neilson Derek E , Naess Karin , Wedell Anna , Wredenberg Anna , Sorlin Arthur , McCann Emma , Burghel George J , Menendez Beatriz , Hoganson George E , Botto Lorenzo D , Filloux Francis M , Aledo-Serrano Ángel , Gil-Nagel Antonio , Tatton-Brown Katrina , Verbeek Nienke E , van der Zwaag Bert , Aleck Kyrieckos A , Fazenbaker Andrew C , Balciuniene Jorune , Dubbs Holly A , Marsh Eric D , Garber Kathryn , Ek Jakob , Duno Morten , Hoei-Hansen Christina E , Deardorff Matthew A , Raca Gordana , Quindipan Catherine , van Hirtum-Das Michele , Breckpot Jeroen , Hammer Trine Bjørg , Møller Rikke S , Whitney Andrea , Douglas Andrew G L , Kharbanda Mira , Brunetti-Pierri Nicola , Morleo Manuela , Nigro Vincenzo , May Halie J , Tao James X , Argilli Emanuela , Sherr Elliot H , Dobyns William B ,   Genomics England Research Consortium, Baines Richard A , Warwicker Jim , Parker J Alex , Banka Siddharth , Campeau Philippe M , Escayg Andrew 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The vacuolar H+-ATPase is an enzymatic complex that functions in an ATP-dependent manner to pump protons across membranes and acidify organelles, thereby creating the proton/pH gradient required for membrane trafficking by several different types of transporters. We describe heterozygous point variants in ATP6V0C, encoding the c-subunit in the membrane bound integral domain of the vacuolar H+-ATPase, in 27 patients with neurodevelopmental abnormalities with or without epilepsy. Corpus callosum hypoplasia and cardiac abnormalities were also present in some patients. In silico modelling suggested that the patient variants interfere with the interactions between the ATP6V0C and ATP6V0A subunits during ATP hydrolysis. Consistent with decreased vacuolar H+-ATPase activity, functional analyses conducted in Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed reduced LysoSensor fluorescence and reduced growth in media containing varying concentrations of CaCl2. Knockdown of ATP6V0C in Drosophila resulted in increased duration of seizure-like behaviour, and the expression of selected patient variants in Caenorhabditis elegans led to reduced growth, motor dysfunction and reduced lifespan. In summary, this study establishes ATP6V0C as an important disease gene, describes the clinical features of the associated neurodevelopmental disorder and provides insight into disease mechanisms.