bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Admissions to substance use treatment facilities for cannabis use disorder, 2000–2017: Does legalization matter?
Authors: Rhee Taeho Greg , Rosenheck Robert A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesA growing number of US states have legalized marijuana use in the past decade. We examined if marijuana legalization is associated with increased marijuana‐related admissions to substance use treatment facilities between 2000 and 2017.MethodsData from the Treatment Episode Data Set‐Admissions were used to examine the relationship between marijuana‐related admissions among adults aged ≥18 by year and legalization status (i.e., fully legalized, medical use only [partially legalized], and illegal) (N = 35,457,854). Using interaction analyses, we further examined whether certain patient characteristics were associated with residence in states that legalized marijuana use as compared to those in which marijuana remained illegal.ResultsOverall, the proportion of marijuana‐related admissions in states with legalization decreased by 2.3% from 31.7% in 2000–2005 to 29.4% in 2012–2017 (odds ratio [OR], 0.90; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 0.89–0.90) with little difference from states where marijuana use remained illegal, in which marijuana use as any reason for admissions decreased by 0.3% from 39.8% in 2000–2005 to 39.5% in 2012–2017 (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.98–0.99). We did not find any striking patient characteristics (e.g., referral by the police) associated with admissions in states that legalized compared to those that had not.Discussion and ConclusionsWhile earlier studies suggested that marijuana legalization is associated with increased levels of use, emergency department visits, and traffic fatalities, our findings suggest that marijuana legalization did not increase marijuana‐related treatment use in the United States.Scientific SignificanceThis is the first study to examine the association of marijuana legalization with marijuana‐related treatment use.
The effects of fire frequency on vegetation structure and mammal assemblages in a savannah‐woodland system
Authors: Nieman Willem A. , van Wilgen Brian W. , Radloff Frans G. T. , Tambling Craig J. , Leslie Alison J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFire frequency affects vegetation structure and composition in savannah‐ woodlands, with the potential indirect consequence of affecting the habitat choice and space use of large mammals. Understanding these responses can assist with the development of appropriate fire management policies to conserve co‐existing species with different habitat requirements. In a natural experiment in Majete Wildlife Reserve, Malawi, we compared vegetation composition, woody plant structure and large (>5 kg) mammal assemblages on 10 frequently and 10 infrequently burnt 30‐ha plots, that had fire return intervals of <2.5 and >6 years, respectively, between 2001 and 2019. Fire frequency had little effect on woody plant composition, but did affect grass species composition. Frequent burning reduced mean tree height from 4 to 3 m, woody plant cover from 59% to 35%, and resulted in the dominance of short‐statured, less‐palatable grasses. Many mammal species showed clear preferences for either frequently burnt (e.g. buffalo, zebra, kudu, impala and sable) or infrequently burnt (e.g. nyala, bush pig, baboon, common duiker and vervet monkey) areas, while others (e.g. elephants and black rhinoceros) were not selective. We conclude that establishing a mosaic of patches exposed to different fire frequencies would allow for the persistence of all mammal species in the area by creating an optimal range of habitat types.
Wildlife‐vehicle collisions in Moroccan Atlantic Sahara: Impact on resident species and Afro‐Palearctic birds for conservation purposes
Authors: Mansouri Ismail , Dakki Mohamed , Squalli Wafae , Achiban Hamid , Mounir Mohamed , El Ghadraoui Lahsen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this study, we described the temporal and spatial patterns of wildlife‐vehicle collisions in Dakhla‐Laayoune regions, using counts from cars for two years (2018–2021). A total of 462 roadkills were documented (monthly average of 0.075 roadkills/km), comprising 16 species, including mammals (residents), reptiles (residents), and birds (residents and migrants). Seasonal abundance and diversity of roadkills revealed a high peak during breeding and migration periods for all species. The generalised linear mixed models indicated that wildlife‐vehicle accidents have a higher probability of occurrence close to breeding and feeding sites and road sections with increased vegetation cover. Similarly, road collisions were higher close to migration routes and during breeding periods. Our study provides the first and only detailed results on wildlife road collisions in Morocco. Data gathered from this study provide valuable information for conservation measures of the most affected Moroccan species and Palearctic migrant birds which are crossing between Europe and Africa. Moreover, our data provide a new window of large‐scale comparative studies addressing the impacts of the infrastructures on biodiversity in the entire Atlantic coasts of Northwest Africa. Detailed studies on the local population dynamics of highly affected species are urgently needed to conclude whether these levels of road mortality are supportable.
Export destination and the skill premium: Evidence from Chinese manufacturing industries
Authors: Wang Feicheng , Milner Chris , Scheffel Juliane 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between average income of export destinations and the skill premium using data of Chinese manufacturing industries from 1995 to 2008. To do so, we construct weighted average GDP per capita across destinations employing within‐industry export share to each destination as weights, and then link it with industry‐level wages and the skill premium. We find that industries that export more to high‐income destinations tend to pay a higher skill premium, suggesting that, on average, skilled workers benefit more from high‐income exports than unskilled workers. Our IV estimates confirm a causal relationship, and the results are robust to various specifications. Further results based on firm‐level data show consistent evidence. Our paper highlights the role of high‐income destination exports in shaping the uneven distributional effects of globalization for different types of workers.
IFNL4 rs368234815 polymorphism does not predict risk of BK virus associated nephropathy after living‐donor kidney transplant: A case‐control study
Authors: Tanriver Ursula , Emmerich Florian , Hummel Jonas Florian , Jänigen Bernd , Panning Marcus , Arnold Frederic , Tanriver Yakup 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundBK polyoma virus (BKPyV) associated nephropathy (BKPyVAN) is a major cause of kidney graft loss in renal transplant patients. Interferons (IFNs) are an important innate immune response against viral infections and genetic polymorphisms of the IFN‐pathways can affect susceptibility and mortality during viral infection. Here, we investigated whether the dinucleotide polymorphism rs368234815 (ΔG/TT) in the IFNL4 gene contributed to BKPyV reactivation or BKPyVAN after living‐donor kidney transplantation.MethodsThis retrospective case‐control study determines the prevalence of IFNL4 variants in a Caucasian population of living‐donor kidney transplant recipients and donors and explores its association with BKPyV infection and BKPyVAN development. We included 28 recipients with BKPyV reactivation, 10 of which developed BKPyVAN and 30 BKPyV negative controls. Targeted sequencing of the IFNL4 gene from both recipients and their respective donors was performed.ResultsWe found IFNL4 rs368234815 ΔG allele frequencies of 41.7% in BKPyV negative and 39.3% in BKPyV positive recipients (P = .85), and 41.7% and 40.4% (P>.99) in their respective donors. IFNL4 rs368234815 ΔG allele frequencies in BKPyVAN developing recipients and their respective donors were 50% and 43.7% (P = .60 and P>.99).ConclusionsOur results indicate that the IFNL4 rs368234815 ΔG allele is not associated with BKPyV reactivation, nor the manifestation of BKPyVAN.
Dental education profile in COVID‐19 pandemic: A scoping review
Authors: Di Carvalho Melo Larissa , Bastos Silveira Bruna , Amorim dos Santos Juliana , Cena Jessica Alves de , Damé‐Teixeira Nailê , Martins Manoela Domingues , De Luca Canto Graziela , Guerra Eliete Neves Silva 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis scoping review aimed to determine the frequency of different teaching methodologies, tools and platforms applied in dental education during the COVID‐19 pandemic.Materials and MethodsThe search strategy was performed in six databases and grey literature. A total of 28 questionnaire‐based studies were included, without language or time restriction, from 20 different countries.ResultsSix thousand five hundred sixty‐five participants were assessed: 84% undergraduates, 9% of faculty members, 5% of postgraduate students/residents/trainees and 2% of dental schools/residency programs. The pooled eligible data for teaching methodologies were 62% of a combination of different methods (95% CI, 35.5% to 82.3%), 23% a combination of synchronous and asynchronous formats (95% CI, 8.2% to 50.2%) and 15% for only synchronous lectures (95% CI, 4.3% to 42.2%). The reported tools were laptops (40%), smartphones (40%), tablets (40%), desktops (20%), Blackboard (20%), Respondus Lockdown Browser (20%), eProctor (20%) and PowerPoint (20%). The most used platforms were Zoom (70.6%), Microsoft Teams (23.5%) and Cisco Webex (23.5%). A better time management (17.9%; 95% CI, 7.9% to 35.6%) and the possibility of revision with additional notes (14.3%; 95% CI, 5.7% to 31.5%) was the greatest advantages related to dental e‐learning, while the increased levels of anxiety/stress/burnout/exhaustion (35.7%; 95% CI, 21% to 54.2%) and internet connection problems (35.7%; 95% CI, 21% to 54.2%) was the most cited disadvantages.ConclusionThis scoping review showed promising blended teaching methodologies, tools and platforms in the dental education profile. The evidence suggests that e‐learning technologies can widely contribute to dental education during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Therefore, this study makes a major contribution to research by assessing the impact of COVID restrictions on dental education and further studies are needed to identify how restrictions in dental practice will affect future professionals.
Internationalization in Russian universities during the pandemic of COVID‐19: Lessons for succeeding in the new reality
Authors: Minaeva Ekaterina , Taradina Larisa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe pandemic of COVID‐19 became a resilience test for internationalization in Russia and emphasized many systemic trends, both promising and concerning. The turbulence and instability during the pandemic initiated the growth of internationalization activities at the institutional level in two directions: first, it increased attention to the quality of work with current international students, including student support, adaptation issues, student engagement, and second, due to the risks in student enrolment, it brought universities to rethink their internationalization instruments and strategies for work with international applicants and future students. Indeed, the ongoing changes in global education call for reconsideration of the priorities and methods of internationalization: new forms of internationalization become widespread practices, new instruments are necessary for student recruitment, and new push and pull factors come into play. While internationalization of education in Russia during the pandemic was addressed at the national level to a degree, the universities carried out the key activities and had to come up with solutions “in the field”. The paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of Russia's transition through the pandemic and tackle the changes at the university level, based on a comparison of data of the survey of international departments of Russian universities conducted in 2020 and the survey of 2021, supported by semi‐structured interviews. The research offers insights on the capacity for change and resilience in Russian universities within the internationalization domain and can help to develop data‐driven approaches for improvement of organizational capacity of universities.
Effects of different high‐pressure syntheses on the magnetization reversal properties of Bi2FeMnO6 ceramics
Authors: Chen Zipeng , Liu Ronggang , Ma Zhengzheng , Du Jianhua , Li Kun , Chen Yi , Wang Yi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBi2FeMnO6 ceramics were prepared under atmospheric pressure and a high pressure of 1–6 GPa. The effects of different high‐pressure syntheses on the microstructures were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement, scanning electron microscopy–energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectrometer, and Raman spectroscopy test. The temperature dependence of magnetization was systematically investigated for all samples. There was a transition from rhombohedral R3c structure to orthorhombic phase Pnam with increasing synthetic pressure. The samples synthesized under atmospheric pressure are rhombohedral R3c with antiferromagnetic (AFM) magnetic temperature (M–T curves). The samples synthesized under a high pressure of 5–6 GPa are orthorhombic phase Pnam with the magnetization reversal effect, whereas the lower high‐pressure (1–3 GPa) synthesized samples might be in the transitional area between them. This structural transformation is accompanied by the transformation from normal AFM M–T curves to a typical magnetization reversal effect. The relationship between the lattice distortion and the internal magnetic competition mechanism of the material was discussed. The existence of magnetization reversal in these systems may ascribe to the competition between the single‐ion magnetic anisotropy and the Dzyaloshinsky–Moriya interaction.
Water safety, antifungal-resistant aflatoxigenic aspergillus flavus and other pathogenic fungi in a community hand-dug wells
Authors: Shittu Olufunke Bolatito , Iwaloye Opeoluwa Favour , Oloyede Adejare Rasak , Oni Eniola Oluyemisi , Ajibola Abiola Tosin , Arowosegbe Adediwura Oladunni , Oluwasanya Grace Olutope 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aim
To investigate hand-dug well water used for drinking and domestic purposes in a rural community in Southwest Nigeria for water safety and fungal presence as well as to determine the antifungal resistance and aflatoxigenic potentials of isolated fungi.

Methods and Results
Water samples were analysed for risk of contamination, bacteriological and mycological parameters using a standard sanitary survey checklist and microbiological culturing. Isolates were identified and subjected to antifungal resistance profiling using the diffusion method for susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi. Multidrug-resistant strains were confirmed with DNA barcoding identification. Fungal isolates were screened for aflatoxigenic potentials by culture methods and confirmed by densitometric analysis. From the 23 hand-dug wells assessed, 56.52% had a high risk of contamination (ROC) score, nitrate &gt;50 mg/L (73.9%), and the presence of total coliforms (100%), Escherichia coli (43.48%) and fungi (91.3%). Spearman rank correlation coefficient gave a positive and strong correlation between Total Fungi and Faecal Coliform (r = 0.701; p = 0.016; n = 23) at 0.05 significance level (2-tailed). Aspergillus sp. (34%), Penicillium sp. (18%) and Rhizopus sp. (17%) were the most dominant fungal genera. Isolates were resistant to fluconazole (76.19%), ketoconazole (73.80%), clotrimazole (92.86%), griseofulvin (88.09%) and nystatin (100%). Penicillium and Aspergillus (50%) were positive for cultural mycotoxin screening. A strain of antifungal-resistant A. flavus produced aflatoxin B1 (752 ppb) and B2 (15 ppb).

Significance of the study
The existence of antifungal-resistant and aflatoxigenic fungi in water used for drinking and domestic purposes shows that filamentous fungi constitute greater threats than previously recognized and this call for a paradigm shift from the perceived safety of untreated hand-dug well-water.
Health status, healthcare, and access in children with long‐term medication use and difficulties with emotion, concentration, and behavior
Authors: Yang Yuyin , Reyes Beck L. , Jacob Eufemia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractProblemChildren with chronic conditions often have difficulties with emotions, concentration, and behaviors (ECB) and are not recognized and treated adequately. In this paper, long‐term medication use (LTM) was adopted as a proxy for chronic illness due to the lack of consistent and standardized diagnostic criteria for chronic illnesses in children.MethodsChildren (8–12 years) were selected from the California Health Interview Survey (2017) based on: (1) households with children (<12 years), (2) parent/adult caregivers report about child's health indicating “yes” to, (3) “does your child require prescription medicine for a health condition that has lasted or is expected to last at least 12 months or more,” and (4) “difficulties with ECB in past 6 months.”FindingsA total of 1600 children were included by the CHIS data set, and children whose parental report had met the selection criteria were children with LTM (n = 144; 7.4 ± 2.9 years), ECB (n = 233; 8.16 ± 2.14), and both LTM + ECB (n = 62; 8.61 ± 1.81). Children with LTM+ ECB were Caucasian (56.4%), Hispanic (19.3%), and males (64.5%). Children with both LTM + ECB had two to three (33.87%) or at least four (53.2%) physician visits, and/or receiving special therapy (45.1%). Children with LTM had prescription delays (n = 144; 5.6%) and were not able to get medical care due to lack of insurance (n = 144; 6.9%). The majority of the children with LTM (54.2%) and LTM + ECB (43.5%) had parental employment‐based insurance. More children that have both LTM and ECB (48.4%) than children with LTM, No ECB (32.9%) were on Medi‐Cal/Medicaid.ConclusionChildren with LTM need further evaluation for difficulties with ECB. Future studies are required to examine health status, healthcare use, and access for children with LTM and ECB.
Nursing staff perspectives of continuous remote vital signs monitoring on surgical wards: Theory elicitation for a realist evaluation
Authors: Downey Candice , Brown Julia , Jayne David , Randell Rebecca 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRationale, Aims and ObjectivesContinuous remote monitoring (CRM) provides a novel solution to the challenges of monitoring patients' vital signs in hospital, but the results of quantitative studies have been mixed. Acceptance by staff is a crucial determinant of the success of healthcare technologies and may explain these discrepancies. Drawing on the approach of realist evaluation, this paper aims to identify theories about how, why and in what conditions nursing staff perceptions vary regarding the CRM of patients' vital signs.MethodsMultiple methods were used to elicit theories about factors likely to facilitate or impede the successful implementation of continuous remote vital signs monitoring. This included a literature review, consultation with patients and observational work conducted during a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of CRM. In addition, a priori theories developed through informal interactions with patients and ward staff during the day‐to‐day set‐up of the trial were included.ResultsThe findings suggest that the perceptions of nursing staff regarding remote monitoring can be influenced by the type of patients under their care and their previous experience of telemetry. Factors which may undermine the engagement of staff are perceived staff burden, which can be dependent on contextual factors such as staffing levels, time of day and senior staff attitudes. Staff attitudes are also likely to be influenced by patient perspectives and the utility of the devices associated with remote monitoring. The successful implementation of CRM may be dependent on staff training, research staff input and hospital culture.ConclusionsTheories regarding nursing staff engagement with remote monitoring are numerous, varied and contradictory. The theories elicited in this initial phase will be refined during interviews with the nursing staff involved with the RCT.
Observation of processed rice using synchrotron radiation X‐ray phase‐contrast imaging
Authors: Miki Hiromi , Yoneyama Akio , Hirano Keiichi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs a result of increasing elderly population, the number of people with dysphagia and difficulty eating is expected to increase as well. It is not always feasible to cook meals to the proper texture for elderly individuals and people with dysphagia living at home. Accordingly, there is high market demand for ready‐made texture‐modified foods for home consumption. Many methods have been widely used to analyze the structural properties of foods. However, it is difficult to observe the structure of foods in a nondestructive manner with the conventional analysis methods. To observe food as it is without destroying it, we adopted X‐ray phase‐contrast computed tomography (CT) using a crystal interferometer in this study. The samples were commercially available precooked rice porridge and two texture‐modified rice products satisfying the Universal Design Food criteria. A texture profile analysis was also performed to compare the phase‐contrast images and the food properties. In the phase‐contrast images, both the ingredients and cohesion in the samples were successfully observed. It was also found that the texture‐modified rice products were easier to eat and swallow than the rice porridge. These results show that X‐ray phase‐contrast CT using a crystal interferometer is a promising method for nondestructive observation of food structures and is expected to open up new horizons in food science.
Negative campaigning in modern elections: Ethical and legal aspects
Authors: Byulegenova Bibigul , Bolysbek Muhammed , Rystina Indira , Onychko Marina , Kamaljanova Takhira 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis research investigates how existing political and legal instruments can affect democratic power structures and civil society and examines prospects for their development. The article seeks to analyze current views and approaches related to negative campaigning, its sociopolitical perception, and countermeasures by looking at them through the lens of post‐Soviet countries and states within the Anglo‐Saxon legal tradition. Hence, the study views negative campaigning as a practice undermining democracy. We provide reliable evidence that Western nations are more likely to take a liberal approach to negative campaigning and assign it the role of a political struggle element. In addition, we found multiple confirmations that legislators in Russia have been toughening measures against negative campaigning and general defamation‐related rules.Related ArticlesCaillier, James. 2010. “Citizen Trust, Political Corruption, and Voting Behavior: Connecting the Dots.”Politics & Policy38(5): 1015–35.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2010.00267.xCraig, Stephen C., and Paulina S. Rippere. 2014. “Political Trust and Negative Campaigns: Two Tests of the Figure‐Ground Hypothesis.”Politics & Policy42(5): 693–743.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12091Jones, David A., Kathleen Ferraiolo, and Jennifer Byrne. 2011. “Selective Media Exposure and Partisan Differences about Sarah Palin's Candidacy.”Politics & Policy39(2): 195–221.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.17471346.2011.00288.x