bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined treatment with endobronchial Watanabe spigot andN‐butyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate for refractory pneumothorax inCOVID‐19
Authors: Morita Chie , Kitamura Atsushi , Okafuji Kohei , Ro Shosei , Imai Ryosuke , Shirasaki Kasumi , Watanabe Yu , Nishimura Naoki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) causes pneumothorax or mediastinal emphysema in approximately 1% of patients. According to the British Thoracic Society guidelines, the next treatment option for patients with persistent pneumothorax despite chest drainage is pleurodesis or surgery. In fact, there are reports of autologous blood pleurodesis or surgery for the treatment of pneumothorax caused byCOVID‐19. However, elderly patients or patients in poor general condition may not be able to tolerate surgical invasion. In this report, we present two patients who did not respond to chest drainage or pleurodesis and who were not suitable for surgery because of their poor general condition. These patients were successfully treated with an endobronchial Watanabe spigot andN‐butyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate. This method may be an option for the treatment of refractory pneumothorax inCOVID‐19.
Conformation of Achiral α/β Hybrid Peptides Containing Glycine and 1‐Aminocyclohexaneacetic Acid
Authors: Shankar Sudha , Jyothi Deeti , Rahim Junaid ur , Pal Purna Chandra , Singh Umesh Prasad , Rai Rajkishor 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe present work describes the conformation of achiral α/β hybrid peptides, Boc‐Gly‐β3,3‐Ac6c‐NHMe (P1), Boc‐Gly‐β3,3‐Ac6c‐Gly‐OMe (P2), and Boc‐Gly‐β3,3‐Ac6c‐Gly‐β3,3‐Ac6c‐OMe, (P3) using X‐ray crystallography. Peptides P1 and P2 adopt C11 and C12 folded conformations, respectively. The directionality of the hydrogen bond observed in P1 is opposite to that observed in peptide P2. In case of tetrapeptide P3, no such hydrogen bond is observed. Further, the solvent titration experiment establishes the similar intramolecular hydrogen bonding as observed in the crystals. In P1 and P2, the amino group of β3,3‐Ac6c occupies equatorial orientations, while in the case of peptide P3, it occupies axial and equatorial orientations for residues β3,3‐Ac6c(2) and β3,3‐Ac6c(4), respectively. The average (ϕ,θ,ψ) torsional preferences of β3,3‐Ac6c in achiral α/β peptides are somewhat different from that of chiral α/β peptides.
Characterisation of Commercial Li‐Ion Batteries Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Ezpeleta Ignacio , Freire Lorena , Mateo‐Mateo C. , Nóvoa X. Ramón , Pintos Aránzazu , Valverde‐Pérez Sara 
Published: March 2022

AbstractElectrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to characterize commercial cylindrical Li‐ion cells under different state‐of‐charge (SOC) conditions and up to 300 charge/discharge cycles to monitor state‐of‐health (SOH) status. The study included the effect of temperature to access better resolution of the time constants related to the redox reactions at the electrodes. The EIS in the 10 kHz–1 mHz frequency range allowed the elaboration of a comprehensive electrical equivalent that incorporated the geometry of the cell and the electrochemical processes occurring at the anode and cathode active material. The fitting procedure of the experimental EIS data to the equivalent circuit produced parameter values that can be used to assess the SOC and SOH of the cell. In the study example, early detection of cell degradation can be obtained using the evolution of Li+ diffusion resistance through the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer.
Nanostructured Metal Phosphide Based Catalysts for Electrochemical Water Splitting: A Review
Authors: Bodhankar Pradnya M. , Sarawade Pradip B. , Kumar Prashant , Vinu Ajayan , Kulkarni Aniruddha P. , Lokhande Chandrakant D. , Dhawale Dattatray S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAmongst various futuristic renewable energy sources, hydrogen fuel is deemed to be clean and sustainable. Electrochemical water splitting (EWS) is an advanced technology to produce pure hydrogen in a cost‐efficient manner. The electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are the vital steps of EWS and have been at the forefront of research over the past decades. The low‐cost nanostructured metal phosphide (MP)‐based electrocatalysts exhibit unconventional physicochemical properties and offer very high turnover frequency (TOF), low over potential, high mass activity with improved efficiency, and long‐term stability. Therefore, they are deemed to be potential electrocatalysts to meet practical challenges for supporting the future hydrogen economy. This review discusses the recent research progress in nanostructured MP‐based catalysts with an emphasis given on in‐depth understanding of catalytic activity and innovative synthetic strategies for MP‐based catalysts through combined experimental (in situ/operando techniques) and theoretical investigations. Finally, the challenges, critical issues, and future outlook in the field of MP‐based catalysts for water electrolysis are addressed.
Multimodal Capturing of Polysulfides by Phosphorus‐Doped Carbon Composites for Flexible High‐Energy‐Density Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Jo Seong‐Chan , Hong Jeong‐Won , Choi Ik‐Hyeon , Kim Min‐Ju , Kim Byung Gon , Lee You‐Jin , Choi Hye Young , Kim Doohun , Kim TaeYoung , Baeg Kang‐Jun , Park Jun‐Woo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe widespread adoption of Li‐ion batteries is currently limited by their unstable electrochemical performance and high flammability under mechanical deformation conditions and a relatively low energy density. Herein, high‐energy‐density lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are developed for applications in next‐generation flexible electronics and electric vehicles with long cruising distances. Freestanding high‐S‐loading carbon nanotubes cathodes are assembled with a phosphorus (P)‐doped carbon interlayer coated on commercial separators. Strategies for the active materials and structural design of both the electrodes and separators are highly efficient for immobilizing the lithium polysulfides via multimodal capturing effects; they significantly improve the electrochemical performance in terms of the redox kinetics and cycling stability. The foldable Li–S cells show stable specific capacities of 850 mAh g−1 over 100 cycles, achieving high gravimetric and volumetric energy densities of 387 Wh kgcell−1 and 395 Wh Lcell−1, respectively. The Li–S cells show highly durable mechanical flexibilities under severe deformation conditions without short circuit or failure. Finally, the Li–S battery is explored as a light‐weight and flexible energy storage device aboard airplane drones to ensure at least fivefold longer flight times than traditional Li‐ion batteries. Nanocarbon‐based S cathodes and P‐doped carbon interlayers offer a promising solution for commercializing rechargeable Li–S batteries.
Notes on the nomenclature and taxonomy of Salix fragilis (Salicaceae)
Authors: Marchenko Аlexander M. , Kuzovkina Yulia A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe evaluated the recent replacements of Salix fragilis L. with S. еuxina I.V.Belyaeva, and S. ×rubens Schrank with S. ×fragilis L. (S. alba L. × S. euxina). The specimens of S. еuxina, identified by Belyaeva, were analyzed. The morphological characters did not coincide with those in the species description, and the ovule number was different in all specimens. This makes the application of the name S. еuxina impossible and precludes the possibility of replacing S. fragilis for S. euxina. Also, the original Linnaean descriptions of S. fragilis, the related S. alba, and S. pentandra, as well as Linnaeus's herbarium specimens, were examined. Each of the three protologues describes the characteristics of the pure species as well as their hybrids: S. pentandra × S. fragilis (in the protologues of S. pentandra and S. fragilis) and S. alba × S. fragilis (in the protologue of S. alba). Our study of the morphology, geographic data, and ovule number demonstrates that the recent replacements of S. fragilis with S. еuxina, and S. ×rubens with S. ×fragilis (S. alba × S. euxina) were erroneous. We propose continuing to use S. fragilis as the name for a glabrous crack willow and S. ×rubens for its hybrid with S. alba.
Knockdown of MAGE‐A6 enhanced the irradiation sensitivity of non‐small cell lung cancer cells by activating the AMPK pathway
Authors: Zhou Jialiang , Fan Qiang , Li Jie , Wu Jia , Huang Jianfeng , Zhang Yunxia , He Xiuyun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNon‐small cell lung cancer is a common respiratory tumor. The mortality rate of lung cancer patients has continued to rise in recent years. Several studies revealed that the expression of melanoma antigen 6 (MAGE‐A6) promoted the development of multiple types of cancer. In addition, the suppression of AMPK pathway could restrict the radiosensitization of prostate cancer cells. Inhibition of MAGE‐A6 activated the AMPK pathway in colorectal cancer cells. However, whether the MAGE‐A6 could regulate the radiosensitivity of non‐small cell lung cancer cells by regulating of the AMPK pathway is unclear. In this study, we established the MAGE‐A6 knockdown in A549 and H1299 cells. Next, the apoptosis and proliferation of these cells were detected by the flow cytometry analysis and colony formation assay after the irradiation, respectively. Then, the expression of p‐AMPKα1 and p‐S6K1 in these cells was explored by the western blotting. After that, we inhibited the expression of AMPKα1 in MAGE‐A6 knockdown cells. The proliferation and apoptosis of these cells were detected with colony formation assay and flow cytometry analysis. Finally, the tumor formation of these cells was detected in nude mice. Our results showed that inhibition of MAGE‐A6 suppressed the proliferation and aggravated the apoptosis of A549 and H1299 cells after the irradiation. Knockdown of MAGE‐A6 activated the expression of p‐AMPKα1 and repressed the expression of p‐S6K1 in these cells. Suppression of AMPKα1 in MAGE‐A6 knockdown cells abolished these effects. Knockdown of MAGE‐A6 also enhanced the radiosensitivity of these cells in vivo. These results suggested that inhibition of MAGE‐A6 promoted the radiosensitivity of non‐small cell lung cancer cells by activating AMPK pathway. Therefore, MAGE‐6 has the potential to be explored as the therapeutic target for the treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer in clinical.
Edible folic acid and medicinal folinic acid produce cardioprotective effects in late‐stage triple‐transgenic Alzheimer's disease model mice by suppressing cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis
Authors: Huang Chih‐Yang , Su Yi‐Chen , Lu Cheng‐You , Chiu Ping‐Ling , Chang Yung‐Ming , Ju Da‐Tong , Chen Ray‐Jade , Yang Liang‐Yo , Ho Tsung‐Jung , Kao Hui‐Chuan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSome clinical studies have indicated the patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) display an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Here, to examine the relationship between AD and CVDs, we investigated the changes in heart function in triple‐transgenic late‐stage AD model mice (3× Tg‐AD; APPSwe, PS1M146V, and tauP301L). We fed the AD mice folic acid (FA) or folinic acid (FN) and analyzed the protective effects of the compounds on the heart; specifically, 20‐month‐old triple‐transgenic AD mice, weighing 34–55 g, were randomly allocated into three groups—the AD, AD + FA, and AD + FN groups—and subject to gastric feeding with FA or FN once daily at 12 mg/kg body weight (BW) for 3 months. Mouse BWs were assessed throughout the trial, at the end of which the animals were sacrificed using carbon dioxide suffocation. We found that BW, whole‐heart weight, and left‐ventricle weight were reduced in the AD + FA and AD + FN groups as compared with the measurements in the AD group. Furthermore, western blotting of excised heart tissue revealed that the levels of the hypertrophy‐related protein markers phospho(p)‐p38 and p‐c‐Jun were markedly decreased in the AD + FA group, whereas p‐GATA4, and ANP were strongly reduced in the AD + FN group. Moreover, the fibrosis‐related proteins uPA, MMP‐2, MEK1/2 and SP‐1 were decreased in the heart in both AD + FN group. In summary, our results indicate that FA and FN can exert anti‐cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis effects to protect the heart in aged triple‐transgenic AD model mice, particular in FN.
Exploratory imaging outcomes of a phase 1b/2a clinical trial of allopregnanolone as a regenerative therapeutic for Alzheimer's disease: Structural effects and functional connectivity outcomes
Authors: Raikes Adam C. , Hernandez Gerson D. , Matthews Dawn C. , Lukic Ana S. , Law Meng , Shi Yonggang , Schneider Lon S. , Brinton Roberta D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionAllopregnanolone (ALLO), an endogenous neurosteroid, promoted neurogenesis and oligogenesis and restored cognitive function in animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Based on these discovery research findings, we conducted a randomized‐controlled phase 1b/2a multiple ascending dose trial of ALLO in persons with early AD (NCT02221622) to assess safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics. Exploratory imaging outcomes to determine whether ALLO impacted hippocampal structure, white matter integrity, and functional connectivity are reported.MethodsTwenty‐four individuals participated in the trial (n = 6 placebo; n = 18 ALLO) and underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before and after 12 weeks of treatment. Hippocampal atrophy rate was determined from volumetric MRI, computed as rate of change, and qualitatively assessed between ALLO and placebo sex, apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele, and ALLO dose subgroups. White matter microstructural integrity was compared between placebo and ALLO using fractional and quantitative anisotropy (QA). Changes in local, inter‐regional, and network‐level functional connectivity were also compared between groups using resting‐state functional MRI.ResultsRate of decline in hippocampal volume was slowed, and in some cases reversed, in the ALLO group compared to placebo. Gain of hippocampal volume was evident in APOE ε4 carriers (range: 0.6% to 7.8% increased hippocampal volume). Multiple measures of white matter integrity indicated evidence of preserved or improved integrity. ALLO significantly increased fractional anisotropy (FA) in 690 of 690 and QA in 1416 of 1888 fiber tracts, located primarily in the corpus callosum, bilateral thalamic radiations, and bilateral corticospinal tracts. Consistent with structural changes, ALLO strengthened local, inter‐regional, and network level functional connectivity in AD‐vulnerable regions, including the precuneus and posterior cingulate, and network connections between the default mode network and limbic system.DiscussionIndicators of regeneration from previous preclinical studies and these exploratory MRI‐based outcomes from this phase 1b/2a clinical cohort support advancement to a phase 2 proof‐of‐concept efficacy clinical trial of ALLO as a regenerative therapeutic for mild AD (REGEN‐BRAIN study; NCT04838301).
Use of medium chain triglyceride (MCT) oil in subjects with Alzheimer's disease: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover study, with an open‐label extension
Authors: Juby Angela G. , Blackburn Toni E. , Mager Diana R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionCerebral glucose and insulin metabolism is impaired in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Ketones provide alternative energy. Will medium chain triglyceride (MCT) oil, a nutritional source of ketones, impact cognition in AD?MethodsThis was a 6‐month randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover study, with 6‐month open‐label extension in probable AD subjects, on stable medications. MCT dose was 42 g/day, or maximum tolerated. Cognition was assessed with Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Cognigram®.ResultsTwenty subjects, average age 72.6 years, 45% women, 70% university educated had baseline MMSE 22.6/30 (10–29); MoCA 15.6/30 (4–27); baseline Cognigram® Part 1: 65–106, Part 2: 48–107. Average MCT oil consumption was 1.8 tablespoons/day (25.2 g, 234 kcal). Eighty percent remained stable or improved. Longer MCT exposure and age > 73, resulted in higher final MMSE (P < .001) and Cognigram® 1 scores.DiscussionThis is the longest duration MCT AD study to date. Eighty percent had stabilization or improvement in cognition, and better response with 9‐month continual MCT oil.
Rabies in a 6‐month‐old female Nigerian indigenous dog in Ebonyi State
Authors: Okoronkwo Magdalene Ogbonneya , Alaga Olushola Dorcas , Ajifken Jonah , Olawoyin Mayokun Christiana , Magaji Gloria Oiza 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis case report was aimed at confirming a suspected dog with rabies in Ogbaga area, Ebonyi State. A 6‐month‐old dog was presented to the veterinary clinic with the primary complaint of inappetence and laboured breathing. History further revealed that the puppy was attacked and bitten on the face by a stray dog about 2 weeks prior. Physical examination showed pica, dropped jaw and a healed bite wound around the mouth. The following day, the puppy was found recumbent and clinical signs observed were lethargy, paralysis, abnormal vocalisation and salivation. The puppy died on the second day after presentation and it was decapitated. The head was wrapped in a polythene bag and stored in a freezer at −20°C for further laboratory diagnosis and confirmation. The sample was properly packed and sent to Rabies Laboratory, National Veterinary Institute, Vom, where a fluorescent antibody test was used for diagnosis. The result showed the confirmation of rabies antigen in the brain sample.
Beyond energetic and scalar measures: Next generation quantum theory of atoms in molecules
Authors: Kirk Steven R. , Jenkins Samantha 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNext generation quantum theory of atoms in molecules (NG‐QTAIM) is currently the only vector‐based quantum chemical theory as all other quantum chemical theories are scalar‐based. NG‐QTAIM can, for instance, be used to distinguish enantiomers, isotopomers undergoing normal modes of vibration, predict ring‐opening reaction products, ground and excited states at a conical intersection and predict reaction pathways of permutation‐inversion isomers. As a consequence, NG‐QTAIM can uniquely be used to investigate iso‐energetic phenomena where the reliance on differences in geometric measures is removed. NG‐QTAIM has already been used to determine molecular chirality consistent with the Cahn–Ingold–Prelog (CIP) classifications for chiral molecules in addition to the reactant and product of a chiral SN2 reaction. The CIP classifications however, cannot quantify the chirality of intermediate reaction structures due to their formally achiral nature. We identify the presence of chirality by quantifying a helical response of the bond electrons consistent with photoexcitation circular dichroism experiments that utilize the helical motion of the bound electrons for chiral discrimination. NG‐QTAIM can also be used to provide nongeometric based reasoning as to why there are stronger hydrogen‐bonds in cyclic water clusters compared with compact water clusters. Additionally, the effects of electric‐fields and laser irradiation in conditions not amenable to explanation using scalar measures are quantified. The QuantVec software is introduced, which coordinates external programs and efficiently computes the NG‐QTAIM analyses using the wavefunctions from a wide range of ground and excited states computed with DFT, coupled‐cluster, complete active space SCF, configuration interaction, or quantum dynamics methods.This article is categorized under:
Structure and Mechanism > Molecular Structures
Structure and Mechanism > Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis
Software > Quantum Chemistry
Impacts of purple martin landlord stewardship activities on nest box occupancy
Authors: Kelly Braeden D. , Hvenegaard Glen T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe eastern subspecies of purple martins (Progne subis; hereafter martins) nests almost exclusively in human‐made cavity nest boxes. Martin landlords manage nest boxes with varying levels of engagement and methods, but little research has evaluated the effectiveness of management on martin occupancy. In the fall of 2019, based on interviews with 31 martin landlords in Camrose, Alberta, Canada, we compared martin occupancy in nest boxes during 3 years with 8 management practices. Nest boxes whose landlords cleaned nests, removed blowfly larvae, frequently checked nests, removed competitor nests, and added nest material had higher martin occupancy rates than nest boxes without stewardship practices. Our results help affirm and prioritize future martin landlord practices.
It pays to get paid: Factors influencing wildlife‐related employment success
Authors: Bailey Karen M. , Hooker Katie R. , Loggins Anne A. , Potash Alex D. , Hardeman Donald W. , McCleery Robert A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIndividuals who are interested in wildlife‐related careers take unpaid positions to gain experience and remain competitive in the job market. However, unpaid positions may not provide the same training, skills acquisition, or long‐term success as paid positions. We surveyed 796 graduates of wildlife‐related bachelor's degree programs from accredited U.S. universities to assess how experiences and skills gained in paid and unpaid positions affected long‐term employment or educational success. We found that respondents with more paid employment experience were more likely to obtain full‐time employment in a wildlife‐related field than those who had worked more unpaid positions. Further, respondents reported gaining more skills associated with long‐term success from paid positions than unpaid positions. Our results highlight the importance of both paid work and experiences that provide valuable skills training for success in wildlife‐related fields. We urge wildlife‐related employers to offer more paid positions in lieu of unpaid opportunities. We further suggest that job‐seeking, early‐career scientists carefully consider the skills they will gain from particular jobs, and critically scrutinize the potential for long‐term benefits before accepting an unpaid position.
Polyoxometalates as Potential Next‐Generation Metallodrugs in the melanogenesis inhibitor
Authors: Chen Xiangsong , Shuai Die , Yang Han , Luo Dan , Wang Li , Chen Bingnian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMelanogenesis is a process to synthesize melanin, which is a primary responsibility for the pigmentation of human skin, eye and hair. In order to study the effect of polyoxometalates on tyrosinase activity and melanin content in mouse melanocytes, four polyoxometalates with Dawson structure were synthesized. Intracellular and docking studies have shown that the two transition metal phosphomolybdic acids (H8[P2Mo17Fe(OH2)61] and H8[P2Mo17Ni(OH2)61]) are highly effective melanogenesis inhibitors with 22.4 % and 24.1 % inhibitory activities at a concentration of 200 μM. Among the four POMs synthesized, the three phosphomolybdic acids showed extremely significant inhibitory effects on the tyrosinase activity in B16 cells (p<0.0001), and the inhibitory activities were 77.5 %, 79.3 % and 44.4 % at a concentration of 200 Μm, respectively. MTT reduction experiments show that the three polyacids (H6[P2Mo18O62], H8[P2Mo17Co(OH2)61] and H8[P2Mo17Ni(OH2)61]) have basically no effect on the viability of B16 cells. Molecular dynamics simulation studies also show that H8[P2Mo17Ni(OH2)61] forms a stable complex with tyrosinase, with a docking fraction of −51.54 kcal/mol. Based on intracellular and docking studies, we believe that H8[P2Mo17Ni(OH2)61] is a promising candidate for safe cosmetic development.