bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Canalization of genome-wide transcriptional activity in Arabidopsis thaliana accessions by MET1-dependent CG methylation
Authors: Srikant Thanvi , Yuan Wei , Berendzen Kenneth Wayne , Garrido Adrián Contreras , Drost Hajk-Georg , Schwab Rebecca , Weigel Detlef 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDEukaryotes employ epigenetic marks such as DNA methylation at cytosines both for gene regulation and genome defense. In Arabidopsis thaliana, a central role is played by methylation in the CG context, with profound effects on gene expression and transposable element (TE) silencing. Nevertheless, despite its conserved role, genome-wide CG methylation differs substantially between wild A. thaliana accessions.RESULTSWe hypothesized that global reduction of CG methylation would reduce epigenomic, transcriptomic and phenotypic diversity in A. thaliana accessions. To test our hypothesis, we knocked out MET1, which is required for CG methylation, in 18 early-flowering A. thaliana accessions. Homozygous met1 mutants in all accessions suffered from a range of common developmental defects such as dwarfism and delayed flowering, in addition to accession-specific abnormalities in rosette leaf architecture, silique morphology and fertility. Integrated analysis of genome-wide methylation, chromatin accessibility and transcriptomes confirmed that inactivation of MET1 greatly reduces CG methylation and alters chromatin accessibility at thousands of loci. While the effects on TE activation were similarly drastic in all accessions, the quantitative effects on non-TE genes varied greatly. The expression profiles of accessions became considerably more divergent from each other after genome-wide removal of CG methylation, although the expression of genes with diverse expression profiles across wild-type accessions tended to become more similar in mutants.CONCLUSIONSOur systematic analysis of MET1 requirement for genome function in different A. thaliana accessions revealed a dual role for CG methylation: for many genes, CG methylation appears to canalize expression levels, with methylation masking regulatory divergence. However, for a smaller subset of genes, CG methylation increases expression diversity beyond genetically encoded differences.
Systematic comparison of culture media uncovers phenotypic shift of human microglia defined by reduced reliance to CSF1R signaling
Authors: Dorion Marie-France , Yaqubi Moein , Murdoch Hunter J. , Hall Jeffery A. , Dudley Roy , Antel Jack P. , Durcan Thomas M. , Healy Luke M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEfforts to understand microglia function in health and diseases have been hindered by the lack of culture models that recapitulate in situ cellular properties. In recent years, the use of serum-free media with brain-derived growth factors (CSF1R ligands and TGF-β1/2) have been favored for the maintenance of rodent microglia as they promote morphological features observed in situ. Here we study the functional and transcriptomic impacts of such media on human microglia. Media formulation had little impact on microglia transcriptome assessed by RNA sequencing which was sufficient to significantly alter microglia capacity to phagocytose myelin debris and to elicit an inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide. When compared to immediately ex vivo microglia from the same donors, the addition of fetal bovine serum to culture media, but not growth factors, was found to aid in the maintenance of key signature genes including those involved in phagocytic processes. A phenotypic shift characterized by CSF1R downregulation in culture correlated with a lack of reliance on CSF1R signaling for survival. Consequently, no improvement in cell survival was observed following culture supplementation with CSF1R ligands. Our study provides better understanding of human microglia in culture, with observations that diverge from those previously made in rodent microglia.Graphical abstract
Hippocampal and caudate network specificity is altered in older adults
Authors: Freedberg Michael V. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe hippocampal and the caudate networks, defined by their intrinsic resting state functional connectivity (FC), exhibit strong network specificity. This is reflected as strong within-network and weak between-network FC, as well as their dissociable roles in cognition. Aging typically reduces the specificity of brain networks. However, whether the hippocampal and caudate networks show age-related decreases in network specificity is unclear. Further, whether any age-related decreases in network specificity are due to reduced within-network FC, increased between-network FC, or some combination of both, is also unclear. Using a large-scale fMRI data set acquired from healthy younger (n = 101, aged 18–40 years) and older (n = 101, 55–75 years) adults, networks centered on the left anterior hippocampus and the head of the right caudate nucleus were compared. These sub-regions were chosen based on their distinct contributions to cognition, their known interactions, and their susceptibility to age-related changes. A mixed effect model was used to identify brain regions where network specificity differed between groups. For younger adults, hippocampal network specificity was strong in the medial frontal gyrus (MFG), while caudate network specificity was strong in the basal nuclei. However, network specificity in these same regions was significantly reduced in older adults. Reduced specificity in each network was due to a weakening of within-network connectivity rather than an increase in between-network connectivity. These results indicate that hippocampal and caudate network specificity decreases with advancing age, raising the possibility that these reductions may contribute to age-related changes in memory.Impact StatementOlder adults represent an increasing proportion of the population, thus increasing the urgency for us to understand the neurological changes that contribute to age-related memory loss. Aging is associated with a loss of network specificity, reflected as reduced within-network, and increased between-network, connectivity. My work shows that this phenomenon is not restricted to the hippocampal and caudate networks, which are critical for learning facts and skills, respectively: Both networks decreased in network functional connectivity. These results raise the possibility that “blurring” between these networks relates to age-related memory loss, possibly as a compensatory mechanism to protect memory in old age.
Familiarity of Background Music Modulates the Cortical Tracking of Target Speech at the Cocktail Party
Authors: Brown Jane A. , Bidelman Gavin M. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTThe “cocktail party” problem – how a listener perceives speech in noisy environments – is typically studied using speech (multi-talker babble) or noise maskers. However, realistic cocktail party scenarios often include background music (e.g., coffee shops, concerts). Studies investigating music’s effects on concurrent speech perception have predominantly used highly controlled synthetic music or shaped noise which do not reflect naturalistic listening environments. Behaviorally, familiar background music and songs with vocals/lyrics inhibit concurrent speech recognition. Here, we investigated the neural bases of these effects. While recording multichannel EEG, participants listened to an audiobook while popular songs (or silence) played in the background at 0 dB signal-to-noise ratio. Songs were either familiar or unfamiliar to listeners and featured either vocals or isolated instrumentals from the original audio recordings. Comprehension questions probed task engagement. We used temporal response functions (TRFs) to isolate cortical tracking to the target speech envelope and analyzed neural responses around 100 ms (i.e., auditory N1 wave). We found that speech comprehension was, expectedly, impaired during background music(s) compared to silence. Target speech tracking was further hindered by the presence of vocals. When masked by familiar music, response latencies to speech were less susceptible to informational masking, suggesting concurrent neural tracking of speech was easier during music known to the listener. These differential effects of music familiarity were further exacerbated in listeners with less musical ability. Our neuroimaging results and their dependence on listening skills are consistent with early attentional gain mechanisms where familiar music is easier to tune out (listeners already know the song’s expectancies) and thus can allocate fewer attentional resources to the background music to better monitor concurrent speech material.
Accentuating the interconnection between green intellectual capital, green human resource management and sustainability
Authors: Yong Jing Yi , Yusliza Mohd Yusoff , Ramayah T. , Farooq Khalid , Tanveer Muhammad Imran 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThe study aims to investigate the relationships between green intellectual capital, green human resource management (HRM), and sustainability.Design/methodology/approachThe research is based on information gathered from 112 large Malaysian manufacturing companies.FindingsThe study findings revealed that green human capital and green relational capital positively influence green HRM. In addition, green HRM positively related to social, environmental and economic performance. Besides, green HRM positively mediates the relationships between green human capital and economic, social and environmental performance. Finally, green relational capital improves sustainability (economic, environmental, and social performance) mediated by green HRM.Originality/valueThe current study contributes to the literature by examining green IC (green human capital, green structural capital, and green relational capital) as an independent variable and green HRM as a mediating variable for sustainability (economic, environmental, and social performance). The findings and recommended for the managers of large manufacturing firms and practitioners to invest in green IC to achieve sustainability through green HRM.
A hybrid approach for predicting missing follower–followee links in social networks using topological features with ensemble learning
Authors: Bhattacharya Riju , Nagwani Naresh Kumar , Tripathi Sarsij 
Published: July 2022

PurposeSocial networking platforms are increasingly using the Follower Link Prediction tool in an effort to expand the number of their users. It facilitates the discovery of previously unidentified individuals and can be employed to determine the relationships among the nodes in a social network. On the other hand, social site firms use follower–followee link prediction (FFLP) to increase their user base. FFLP can help identify unfamiliar people and determine node-to-node links in a social network. Choosing the appropriate person to follow becomes crucial as the number of users increases. A hybrid model employing the Ensemble Learning algorithm for FFLP (HMELA) is proposed to advise the formation of new follower links in large networks.Design/methodology/approachHMELA includes fundamental classification techniques for treating link prediction as a binary classification problem. The data sets are represented using a variety of machine-learning-friendly hybrid graph features. The HMELA is evaluated using six real-world social network data sets.FindingsThe first set of experiments used exploratory data analysis on a di-graph to produce a balanced matrix. The second set of experiments compared the benchmark and hybrid features on data sets. This was followed by using benchmark classifiers and ensemble learning methods. The experiments show that the proposed (HMELA) method predicts missing links better than other methods.Practical implicationsA hybrid suggested model for link prediction is proposed in this paper. The suggested HMELA model makes use of AUC scores to predict new future links. The proposed approach facilitates comprehension and insight into the domain of link prediction. This work is almost entirely aimed at academics, practitioners, and those involved in the field of social networks, etc. Also, the model is quite effective in the field of product recommendation and in recommending a new friend and user on social networks.Originality/valueThe outcome on six benchmark data sets revealed that when the HMELA strategy had been applied to all of the selected data sets, the area under the curve (AUC) scores were greater than when individual techniques were applied to the same data sets. Using the HMELA technique, the maximum AUC score in the Facebook data set has been increased by 10.3 per cent from 0.8449 to 0.9479. There has also been an 8.53 per cent increase in the accuracy of the Net Science, Karate Club and USAir databases. As a result, the HMELA strategy outperforms every other strategy tested in the study.
How appreciative leadership affects employees' helping behaviors? The mediating role of emotions and the moderating role of organizational trust
Authors: Asim Muhammad , Liu Zhiying , Ghani Usman , Athar Nadeem Muhammad , Farva Hashmi Umme , Xu Yi 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThis study, based on social exchange theory, aims to explore the association between appreciative leadership and employees' helping behaviors by investigating the mediation role of emotional reactions (pride, anxiety), and choosing organizational trust as a boundary condition between appreciative leadership and helping behaviors.Design/methodology/approachA total sample of 285 reliable questionnaires were collected in three time lags from employees working in the Pakistani education and banking sectors. PROCESS macro using SPSS and AMOS are employed for data analyses of the proposed model.FindingsThe findings reveal that appreciative leadership has positive impacts on employees' helping behaviors and emotional reactions (pride, anxiety) mediate the relationship of appreciative leadership and employees' helping behaviors. In addition, the results show that high organizational trust strengthens the positive relationship between appreciative leadership and employees' helping behaviors.Practical implicationsThis research has provided empirical proof between the relationship of appreciative leadership and helping behaviors and the findings are of great significance for managers, employees, and organizations. The study proposes that leaders should have appreciative behavior while treating their subordinates. Moreover, it is revealed that the role of organizational trust should be given more attention and importance because it is a factor moderating the employees' helping behaviors.Originality/valueThe present study, among the first empirical efforts investigating the relationship between appreciative leadership and helping behaviors, organizational trust as a moderator, enriches the existing academic literature of and provides worthy insight into the research on appreciative leadership and helping behaviors.
Service encounter and repurchase intention in fitness centers: perceived value as a mediator and service innovativeness as a moderator
Authors: Wang Fong Jia , Chiu Weisheng 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThis study examined the relationships between service encounter, perceived value, and repurchase intention in the fitness service sector through the theoretical lens of service-dominant logic. In addition, the mediating role of perceived value and the moderating role of service innovativeness were examined.Design/methodology/approachParticipants (n = 806) were drawn from fitness center customers in Taiwan using a convenience sampling technique. Partial least square structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses in the research model.FindingsThe results showed that service encounter had a positive impact on perceived value, which in turn affected repurchase intention. Moreover, the full mediating effect of perceived value was identified in the relationship between service encounter and repurchase intention. In addition, service innovativeness positively moderated the effect of service encounter on repurchase intention.Originality/valueThis study provides empirical evidence on the impact of staff-customer interactions (i.e. service encounter) on customers' perceptions and behaviors and identifies the critical role of perceived value as a mediating mechanism as well as a facilitating role of service innovativeness in enhancing repurchase intention.
The Tunisian stock market before invoking Article 80 of the Constitution: the (in)direct impact of government interventions during the sanitary crisis
Authors: Ben Ayed Wassim 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of government policies adopted by the Tunisian government to cope with the COVID-19 sanitary crisis on stock market return.Design/methodology/approachThe author uses daily data from March 2, 2020, to July 23, 2021.FindingsThe author finds that policies interventions have a negative impact on Tunisia's stock market, particularly stock market returns due to stringency, confinement and health measures. Also, Government announcements regarding economic has a negative impact on Tunisia's stock market but this impact is insignificant. By conducting an additional analysis, the author shows that the government interventions policies amplify the negative effect of COVID-19 on stock returns.Research limitations/implicationsThese results will be useful for policy authorities seeking to consider the advantages and drawbacks of government measures. Finally, a legislative proposal about the audit of public debt should be included in the Constitution to spur Tunisia's economic and social recovery.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the related literature in two ways: First, it is the first study to examine the impact of government actions on stock market performance. Second, it bridges a gap in the literature by investigating the case of Tunisia, because most studies focus on developed and emerging economies.
Subcorneal pustular dermatosis‐type IgA pemphigus associated with multiple myeloma: A case report and literature review
Authors: Koga Hiroshi , Tsutsumi Masahiro , Teye Kwesi , Ishii Norito , Yamaguchi Maki , Nagafuji Koji , Nakama Takekuni 
Published: July 2022

AbstractImmunoglobulin A (IgA) pemphigus, also known as intercellular IgA dermatosis, is a rare autoimmune bullous disease presenting with IgA anti‐keratinocyte cell surface autoantibodies. Concomitant lymphoproliferative disorders have been reported in IgA pemphigus, including IgA monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and IgA type multiple myeloma (MM). A 35‐year‐old Japanese woman with a 3‐year history of pruritic papulovesicles on her lower legs and trunk was referred to our department. Histopathological examination revealed acantholytic blisters, and results of both direct and indirect immunofluorescence were negative. Direct and indirect immunofluorescence were still negative 3 years and 7 months later. Approximately 7 years after her first visit, the patient was re‐referred to us because of disease exacerbation. Histopathological findings revealed subcorneal blistering with acantholysis, in which neutrophil‐dominant inflammatory cells were present. Indirect immunofluorescence was positive for IgA on the epidermal cell surface and both desmoglein (Dsg) 1/3 and (Dsc) desmocollin 1–3 enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for IgA were positive. The histological findings and positive Dsc1 IgA ELISA led to the diagnosis of subcorneal pustular dermatosis (SPD)‐type IgA pemphigus. Further examination revealed hyper‐IgA globulinemia, increased serum IgA‐κ protein, and increased plasma cells in the bone marrow, enabling the diagnosis of IgA type MM. Daratumumab, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (DLd) therapy was effective for both the MM and the skin lesions, resulting in negative results on Dsg1/3 and Dsc1‐3 IgA ELISAs. The association between IgA pemphigus and IgA type multiple myeloma remains unclear, and only seven cases including the present case have been reported. Literature review revealed associations between SPD‐type and IgA κ chain in IgA pemphigus and MM, and that in most cases the onset or diagnosis of MM was simultaneous or occurred after the diagnosis of IgA pemphigus. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of the development of multiple myeloma during the clinical course of patients with SPD‐type IgA pemphigus.
Drivers and consequences of structure in plant–lemur ecological networks
Authors: DeSisto Camille , Herrera James Paul 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Species interactions shape the diversity and resilience of ecological networks. Plant and animal traits, as well as phylogeny, affect interaction likelihood, driving variation in network structure and tolerance to disturbance.

We investigated how traits and phylogenetic effects influenced network‐wide interaction probabilities and examined the consequences of extinction on the structure and robustness of ecological networks.

We combined both mutualistic and antagonistic interactions of animals (55 species, Infraorder Lemuriformes, Order Primates) and their food plants (590 genera) throughout Madagascar to generate ecological networks. We tested the effects of both lemur and plant traits, biogeographic factors and phylogenetic relatedness on interaction probability in these networks using exponential random graph models. Next, we simulated animal and plant extinction to analyse the effects of extinction on network structure (connectance, nestedness and modularity) and robustness for mutualistic, antagonistic and combined plant–animal networks.

Both animal and plant traits affected their interaction probabilities. Large, frugivorous lemurs with a short gestation length, occurring in arid habitats, and with a Least Concern threat level had a high interaction probability in the network, given all other variables. Closely related plants were more likely to interact with the same lemur species than distantly related plants, but closely related lemurs were not more likely to interact with the same plant genus. Simulated lemur extinction tended to increase connectance and modularity, but decrease nestedness and robustness, compared to pre‐extinction networks. Networks were more tolerant to plant than lemur extinctions.

Lemur–plant interactions were highly trait structured and the loss of both lemurs and plants threatened the tolerance of mutualistic, antagonistic and combined networks to future disturbance.