bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MCFNet: Research on small target detection of RGB‐infrared under UAV perspective with multi‐scale complementary feature fusion
Authors: Jing Jing , Hu Jian Feng , Zhao Zuo Peng , Liu Ying 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe task of single‐modal image target detection from a drone's perspective faces multiple challenges such as large image sizes, small and dense targets, insufficient lighting conditions, and hardware resource constraints, all of which affect the accuracy and real‐time performance of algorithms. In response, a small target detection algorithm that fuses multi‐scale complementary features, named MCFNet is proposed. Firstly, in order to independently extract the unimodal features of visible light and infrared images and effectively enhance the complementary information between images, a dual‐stream backbone network with a terminal fusion mechanism is proposed. Secondly, the complementary feature information residual module is utilized to optimize the integration process of residual features. Subsequently, by designing a multi‐scale feature enhancement module the network's capability to capture multi‐scale features is enhanced. Finally, for targets of varying sizes, a lightweight Transformer feature extraction module is proposed to improve the detection accuracy of small targets from a drone's perspective. Test results on the drone‐vehicle dataset show that this method achieved an average detection accuracy of 67.92%, while the detection accuracy on the self‐constructed UAV‐data dataset reached 96.4%. Additionally, a series of ablation experiments validated the effectiveness of the different modules.
Mitigating the ferroresonance resulting from HILGF clearing in a remote area 10 kV power distribution network
Authors: Su Xueneng , Zhang Hua , Wang Jing , Yu Zongmin , Long Cheng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTo solve the problem of high impedance line‐to‐ground fault, a solution using isolation transformers for subnetwork divisions was previously implemented in the power distribution network. As a result of that, the network has been experiencing ferroresonance more often. Through modelling and simulation based on its actual parameters on the PSCAD/EMTDC, the understanding of the situation is deepened. The ferroresonance originates from the network response to the high impedance line‐to‐ground fault clearing. The subnetwork division has certainly improved the network fault damping factor, but the line capacitance reduction it caused has exposed the system to ferroresonance. To mitigate the ferroresonance, high‐frequency components are removed from the zero‐sequence current using the morphological filtering; then, through edge detection, it is used as the input signal to the control unit. The control unit then takes the ferroresonance mitigation action intelligently. The simulation results indicate that the proposed method can restore ferroresonance‐induced overvoltage and overcurrent to normal levels within 0.05 s.
AIsplaining
Authors: Carbajal-Carrera Beatriz 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The growing implementation of Generative AI (GenAI) in education has implications on the representation of
knowledge and identity across languages. In a context where content biases have been reported in AI-generated content, it becomes
relevant to interrogate the ways in which AI technologies represent different linguistic identities. This article conducts a
systematic analysis of AI-generated content to identify the potential discursive strategies that can contribute to the
perpetuation of existing sociolinguistic hierarchies. Data for this study consist of a set of GenAI explanations of assorted
linguistic identities comprising dominant and non-dominant languages. The method combines specialization codes from the sociology
of knowledge with discourse analysis. Specialization codes are composed of two axes with a differing degree of emphasis (+/−) on
epistemic and social relations (ER/SR). This tool is useful for understanding explanations because it focuses on what sort of
information is considered legitimate knowledge and what kinds of knowers are considered valid. The analysis of epistemic and
social relations reveals a sociolinguistic hierarchy articulated across three definitory aspects of identity: relationship to the
world, structuring across time and space, and possibilities for the future.
The use of Google Translate for language learning in emergency forced displacement contexts
Authors: Bogachenko Tetiana , Burke Rachel , Zhang Yi , Gong Qian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper explores the use of Google Translate (GT) by displaced people (DPs) from Ukraine in Australia and
English language educators supporting learners from refugee backgrounds in the context of decolonizing language learning. The
survey and interviews with DP participants revealed that GT provides them with a sense of confidence and freedom, inclusion and
value following their emergency evacuation from the war. Significantly, the learners’ use of GT suggests high levels of
metalinguistic awareness and digital literacy, and they contested the dominance of ‘privileged’ language varieties in machine
translation applications. Their use of GT also promoted wider understanding of multilingual learners in educational settings. The
educator interviews provided insights into their goals for supporting learners in (re)settlement and their contrasting views
regarding the potential for GT to play a role in language learning. A critical discussion of different ways that learners and
educators perceive tools such as GT provides insights into the complexities of the use of machine translation in language teaching
and learning.
Analyzing research trends in localization
Authors: Liu Xinyuan , Xiao Weiqing , Liu Kanglong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This literature review paper examines articles on localization in translation studies published in English and
Chinese journals from 2012 to 2023. We systematically reviewed a total of 147 publications consisting of 104 and 43 articles in
English and Chinese respectively, integrating thematic analysis to examine their research types, areas, and methodologies. The
findings reveal notable disparities between the English and Chinese journal papers regarding overall trends across these three
dimensions. English papers are often characterized by preference for qualitative approaches and growing interest in multi-methods
and mixed-methods designs, highlighting an increasing appreciation for unique elements in localized products. Chinese papers tend
to be more general and place greater emphasis on localization training. Despite these variations, there has been a notable
convergence towards descriptive approaches in recent studies regardless of the linguistic contexts, perhaps as a response to the
evolving needs of the discipline as a whole. Our paper concludes by suggesting future directions for localization research,
particularly in response to the dynamic landscape of game localization practices and the application of empirical methods.
Multidimensional construct of lexical sophistication
Authors: Marinov Vranješ Sanja , Pavičić Takač Višnja 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article documents language development in the context of studying abroad with English as the lingua franca.
In particular, it examines whether and how lexical sophistication in English as a foreign language changes during a semester
abroad. Given the advances in the conceptualization and operationalization of lexical sophistication, this study applies
indicators of lexical sophistication that have not previously been used in study abroad research. A statistically significant
improvement was found in two measures of lexical sophistication in oral production — familiarity and meaningfulness — and in one
measure in written production — meaningfulness. Comparing the differences between the pre- and post-test results showed that
respondents performed better in the oral production in terms of range and familiarity, that is, they produced more lexis that
occurs in fewer texts and is less familiar, while they performed better in the written production in terms of imageability, in
other words, they used less imageable lexis.
Not just quantity but quality
Authors: Vandeweerd Nathan , Arvidsson Klara 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study investigates which types of target language (TL) use
best explain the development of phraseological sophistication (mean pointwise
mutual information of verb + direct object collocations) in argumentative essays
written by second language learners of French during a nine-month sojourn
abroad. Using data from the LANGSNAP corpus (Tracy-Ventura et al., 2016), we built a series of regression models
to predict development on the basis of the learners’ self-reported social
networks and engagement in various activities (e.g., small talk, reading
newspapers). Our findings show that quantity of TL interaction and use on their
own were not strong predictors of development. Rather, development was related
to the types of activities that learners reported being engaging in while
abroad, specifically reading. These results shed more light on the development
of phraseological sophistication and speak to the importance of connecting
linguistic development to the specific activities learners engage in while
abroad.
Alignment-free solvent-enabled automatic packaging for thermoplastic microfluidics
Authors: Pan Xiang , Fang Zecong , Lv Pin , Pan Tingrui 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
As the demands in function versatility, integration density and mass manufacturability grow, multilayer thermoplastic microfluidic devices with sophisticated structures have rapidly gained interests. Yet, great challenges persist in packaging process, namely alignment and sealing of the multiple layers, since the current schemes are typically labour-intensive and lack of automation. Herein, we introduce alignment-free solvent-enabled automatic packaging (ASAP), a novel packaging methodology that combines alignment and bonding in a single automated step. The ASAP technology applies a specialized solvent to form a liquid bridge and induce capillary action for self-alignment while promoting bonding through polymer entanglement. For the first time, the use of the solvent-based liquid bridge has combined the previously independent alignment and bonding processes into one step for thermoplastic microfluidics, as demonstrated by theoretical modelling and proof-of-concept experimentation with PMMA (the substrate) and toluene (the matching solvent). Alignment accuracy better than 1.0 μm and bonding strength greater than 7.87 MPa have been achieved in a fully automated manner. Leveraging ASAP, a 3D-structured digital flowmeter has been successfully assembled, which eliminates the otherwise tedious alignment and bonding processes. The proposed ASAP technology simplifies the packaging of multilayer thermoplastic microfluidic devices, showing great potential in numerous emerging thermoplastic microfluidics-based applications.
Monolithic, fully-differential triaxial accelerometer with low nonlinearity and cross-axis sensitivity
Authors: Chu Qingbo , Xia Dunzhu , Li Jinhui , Zhang Qiyuan , Yang Xiuhua 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper presents a triaxial capacitive accelerometer with low nonlinearity and cross-axis sensitivity, fabricated using SOG processing. Three single-axis sensor devices are orthogonally integrated on a single die. The signal detection and feedback mechanisms for the lateral (x/y-axis) and vertical (z-axis) accelerometers are implemented in a fully differential configuration, significantly reducing device nonlinearity and external environmental interference. The dynamic characteristics of the mechanical structure of the triaxial accelerometer are derived from a combination of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and experimental testing. The signal control circuit utilizes a fourth-order electromechanical sigma-delta modulation (EM-ΣΔM) circuit to validate the sensing characteristics of the triaxial accelerometer. The results indicate that the sensitivities (nonlinearities) of the x-, y-, and z-axes are 590 mV g−1 (0.66%), 600 mV g−1 (0.71%), and 58 mV g−1 (1.19%), respectively, and the corresponding bias instabilities were measured at 0.33 mg, 0.32 mg, and 1.07 mg, respectively. The cross-axis sensitivity ranged from 0.64% to 2.3%, while the low-frequency noise floor varied between 0.30 mg

Hz

−
1

and 0.67 mg

Hz

−
1

. In light of these performance characteristics, we hope that this work will find extensive applications in the field of inertial navigation measurements.
Nano-processing of nanodiamond coated ultrathin glass, semiconductor and metalfoils with femtosecond pulses
Authors: Dadhich Bhavesh Kumar , Panda Biswajit , Singh Kamal P 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Nanodiamonds are a key material for quantum science and technology applications. The capability to nano-structure the nanodiamond-coated substrates is highly desired for quantum science and technology applications. This study demonstrates femtosecond pulse-based nanoprocessing of nanodiamond functionalized ultrathin foldable glass, silicon wafers, and metal sheets using spherical objectives and cylindrical lens. We show that the fluorescence and microwave magnetic resonance of NV centers on ultrathin glass remain preserved for isolated intense femtosecond pulse exposure using spherical objectives, even when the substrates undergo surface structuring, cracks, or cutting. However, the nanodiamonds on ultrathin glass, silicon wafers and copper foils undergo further fragmentation for multiple pulse exposure in the laser line focus (with cylindrical lens) and lose their fluorescence when the surface is nano-structured. These results provide insights into how the femtosecond pulse illuminated nanodiamonds behave on diverse substrates. They might be useful for developing optical methods for fabricating quantum components and devices.
Complete 3D photoelectron momentum vector reconstruction from time-position charged particle imaging
Authors: Sanchez A , Goudreau E S , Boguslavskiy A E , Moffatt D J , Lausten R , Wilkinson I , Makhija V , Stolow A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Many charged particle imaging techniques exist which directly measure, at a detector, the transverse position (x, y) and time-of-flight (t) of individual events in order to obtain a full set of 3D coordinates. Where curved velocity-mapping electric field lines are implemented, as in the case of 3D Velocity Map Imaging (3D VMI) and certain COLTRIMS (Cold Target Recoil Ion Momentum Spectroscopy) instruments, the general transformation of (x, y, t)-data into initial 3D recoil momentum vectors (px
, py
, pz
) is challenging and has not yet been fully addressed. Here we present a detailed and general method for this transformation, illustrated using our 3D VMI spectrometer and the well-known narrow-band photoionization of nitric oxide, for which we demonstrate quantitative agreement with reported values. We additionally show how to measure and correct (i) small errors in the laser polarization axis alignment at the interaction region of a 3D charged particle imaging spectrometer, and (ii) the spatial variation of gain on a microchannel plate (MCP) detector. Improvements to and characterization of our 3D VMI spectrometer yield an electron time-of-flight resolution of 72 ps across the full 40 mm MCP, in combination with pixel-level spatial resolution.
Contributions of different quantum pathways to nonsequential double ionization by monochromatic and bichromatic laser fields
Authors: Habibović D , Milošević D B 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
When nonsequential double ionization is treated using the strong-field approximation and the saddle-point (SP) method, the transition amplitude can be expressed as a coherent sum of the partial amplitudes corresponding to different SP solutions. For the case of the recollision excitation with subsequent ionization (RESI) mechanism of the nonsequential double ionization, we examine the partial contributions of the SP solutions which correspond to the electron responsible for the excitation. For a monochromatic linearly polarized laser field, we find that, in addition to the pair of the SP solutions with the shortest travel time, other SP solutions may also make a significant contribution to the photoelectron yield. Moreover, the SP solutions appear in pairs and exhibit notable modifications in comparison to those observed in high-order above-threshold ionization. Furthermore, for a bichromatic linearly polarized driving field, we investigate the intensity range obtained using the simpleman’s model for which the RESI mechanism is dominant. We find that this range must be modified if the photoelectron yield corresponding to the SP solution for which the photoelectron has the highest energy upon return to the parent ion is small. This is particularly the case for the excitation channels involving loosely bound excited states.
Stacking ferroelectricity in two-dimensional van der Waals materials
Authors: Gui Zhigang , Huang Li 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Miniaturization of ferroelectrics for technological applications has proven challenging due to the suppression of electric polarization caused by increasing depolarization fields as material thickness decreases. The emergence of ferroelectricity in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials offers a potential solution to this challenge, prompting significant research efforts over the past decade. While intrinsic 2D vdW ferroelectrics are scarce, polar stacking provides a more general approach to introducing ferroelectricity in these materials. This review revisits the fundamental concept of stacking ferroelectricity, complemented by symmetry analysis for constructing polar stackings, and both classical and quantum perspectives on the origin of stacking ferroelectrics. We present key advances in polarization dynamics and briefly summarize various physical phenomena directly coupled to stacking ferroelectricity, including multiferroic, magnetoelectric, and valleytronic effects, along with their related applications. Finally, we discuss future challenges and potential developments in the field of 2D stacking ferroelectricity.
Beyond the random phase approximation for calculating Curie temperatures in ferromagnets: application to Fe, Ni, Co and monolayer CrI3
Authors: Rajeev Pavizhakumari Varun , Skovhus Thorbjørn , Olsen Thomas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The magnetic properties of solids are typically analyzed in terms of Heisenberg models where the electronic structure is approximated by interacting localized spins. However, even in such models the evaluation of thermodynamic properties constitutes a major challenge and is usually handled by a mean field decoupling scheme. The random phase approximation (RPA) comprises a common approach and is often applied to evaluate critical temperatures although it is well known that the method is only accurate well below the critical temperature. In the present work we compare the performance of the RPA with a different decoupling scheme proposed by Callen as well as the mean field decoupling of interacting Holstein–Primakoff (HP) magnons. We consider three-dimensional (3D) as well as two-dimensional (2D) model systems where the Curie temperature is governed by anisotropy. In 3D, the Callen method is the most accurate in the classical limit, and we show that the Callen decoupling (CD) produces the best agreement with experiments for bcc Fe, fcc Ni and fcc Co with exchange interactions obtained from first principles. In contrast, for low spin systems where a quantum mechanical treatment is pertinent, the HP and RPA methods are superior to the CD. In 2D systems with magnetic order driven by single-ion anisotropy, it is shown that HP fails rather dramatically and both RPA and Callen approaches severely overestimates Curie temperatures. The most accurate approach is then constructed by combining RPA with the CD of single-ion anisotropy, which yields the correct lack of order for

S
=
1

/

2

. We exemplify this by the case of monolayer CrI3 using exchange constant extracted from experiments.
Potential magnetic structure in Eu3InAs3 revealed by magnetization and thermodynamic study
Authors: Liu Ming , Zhang Shuai , Jia Ke , Zhuang Zhaotong , Liu Xinyang , Ma Yaqiang , Xiang Junsen , Shi Youguo , Sun Peijie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We systematically investigate the magnetization and thermodynamic responses associated with the antiferromagnetic (AFM) transitions in magnetic semiconductor Eu3InAs3. The linear thermal expansion measurements reveal that a axis expands whereas b and c axes contract with the onset of the two AFM transitions at

T

N
1

and

T

N
2

. Using a simplified mean-field model incorporating AFM exchange interactions, easy-axis anisotropy, and Zeeman coupling, we analyze the potential magnetic structure change associated with the spin-flop and spin-flip transitions in field. The agreement between experimental and calculated magnetization data suggests that the

1

/

3

plateau along b axis results from a partial spin-flip transition in a multiple-easy-axis magnetic structure, where Eu2–Eu3 and Eu1 sublattices order antiferromagnetically along the b and a axes at

T

N
1

and

T

N
2

, respectively. Consistently, field dependence of magnetic entropy determined using low-T adiabatic magnetocaloric effect indicates that the number of the ordered Eu2+ moments at

T

N
1

is nearly twice that at

T

N
2

. Our results demonstrate that the magnetic structure in materials with strong spin-lattice coupling can be simply approached by a combined magnetization and thermodynamic study.
The spin-wave energy spectrum and transition temperature of the two-dimensional VSe2-like: a retarded Green’s function method study
Authors: Ma Da-cheng , Chi Xiao-dan , Gao Sheng , Sun Chu-xiao , Cui Ling-yi , Du An 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Based on the recent discovery of intrinsic magnetism in monolayer films VSe2, we have constructed a two-dimensional (2D) Heisenberg model incorporating the 1T and 2H structures. These configurations consist of three layers: the upper and lower surface layers and a middle layer. Using the retarded Green’s function method, we investigate the spin-wave energy spectrum, spin-wave density of states, and transition temperature of the system. It is found that in the 2H structure, the spin-wave energy spectrum of the system exhibits three direct energy gaps, with one branch being independent of the wave vector. Further analysis shows that at this constant energy, a particular surface state emerges in the 2H structure. In contrast, the spin-wave energy spectrum in the 1T structure features only two energy gaps—one direct energy gap1 and one indirect energy gap3—without forming a unique surface state. Single-ion anisotropy and interlayer interactions between the upper and lower surface layers influence the energy gaps in the spin-wave energy spectrum and the system’s transition temperature. This theoretical work sheds light on forming particular surface states in monolayer 2H structure magnetic materials. It provides crucial theoretical support for designing and fabricating next-generation low-dimensional magnetic random-access memory.