bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of radial gap size change under load and the impact on performance for a twin screw compressor using numerical simulation
Authors: Andres R , Hesse J , Spille A 
Published: November 2022

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and the Finite Element Method (FEM) are common and validated tools in research and industry for solving fluid flow or performing structural analysis respectively. Despite being rather challenging, also the numerical simulation of screw compressors benefits from development and enhancement of numerical models, tools and methodologies. Differences between the real machine and the numerical model are inevitable, yet increasing accuracy and prognosis quality are desired by refining existing models and accounting for specific phenomena.
Clearances within the working chamber (mainly intermesh clearance between rotors and axial and radial gaps between rotors and housing) strongly affect the flow characteristics, efficiency and thus the overall compressor performance. These clearances change under operating conditions because of thermal expansion or due to forces acting on the structure, whereas the clearance size is often only known for the reference state out of operation. The extent of deformation and the quantification of the resulting clearances is therefore of high interest in order to get the numerical model closer to real operating conditions.
In this paper numerical simulation was used to determine the change in radial gap size between rotors and housing when the compressor is running and exposed to thermal and pressure loads. For a specific operating point, a 3D-CFD simulation for a 4-6 twin screw compressor with SRM profiles was conducted for the undeformed reference compressor geometry to calculate the flow field within the machine. Also, the temperature field within the housing and rotor solids was computed using the Conjugated Heat Transfer (CHT) method. The temperature and pressure fields were then submitted to the FEM solver to compute the deformation of rotors and housing. The results of this structural analysis served as input for a modification of geometry and numerical grids to account for the change in radial gap size. A re-run of the flow simulation in the deformed state enabled to quantify the impact on the machine performance and specific flow quantities. It could be shown that taking deformation into account, the volumetric efficiency is clearly affected.
Commercial solvers from Ansys were utilized for solving fluid and structure. The spatial discretization of the fluid volume around the rotors was realized by employing pre-generated grids using the mesh generator TwinMesh. Here, the rotor deformation can be defined in dependence of the axial position. The mesh of the housing maintained unchanged for all CFD simulations as a resulting gap size was determined by considering housing and rotor deformation relative to each other.
Impact of oral naloxegol vs subcutaneous methylnaltrexone in treatment of opioid-induced constipation in the hospital setting
Authors: Nero Ricki , Allen Bryan , Hailu Kirubel , Noor Refat , Theiss Kimberly 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor antagonists (PAMORAs) are indicated to treat laxative-refractory opioid-induced constipation (OIC). While several PAMORAs exist, no head-to-head comparative data are available. This study evaluated the efficacy, safety, and cost of oral naloxegol vs subcutaneous methylnaltrexone for OIC in the hospital.

Methods
In this multicenter retrospective chart review, patients who received oral naloxegol or subcutaneous methylnaltrexone as an inpatient were included if they were at least 18 years old, were still admitted to the hospital 48 hours after the first PAMORA dose, and either had an outpatient opioid prescription or received at least 30 morphine milligram equivalents in the 24 hours before the first PAMORA dose. The primary outcome was achievement of a bowel movement (BM) within 48 hours of the first dose. Secondary outcomes included a BM in 24 hours, time to the first BM, antimotility agent use, PAMORA cost per patient, and use of a second PAMORA due to failure of the first agent.

Results
A total of 330 patients were included with 2:1 allocation (220 patients receiving methylnaltrexone vs 110 patients receiving naloxegol). Baseline characteristics were similar between the groups, except for body mass index and weight. Naloxegol met a prespecified noninferiority margin of 15% in production of a BM within 48 hours (risk difference, –4.6%; 90% confidence interval, –13.6% to 4.5%; P = 0.028). Achievement of a BM within 24 hours and time to first BM were also noninferior. Antimotility agent use was higher with naloxegol, naloxegol cost $193.16 less per patient, and 2 patients switched from naloxegol to methylnaltrexone.

Conclusion
Oral naloxegol may be an effective, cost-efficient alternative to subcutaneous methylnaltrexone for treatment of OIC in the hospital setting.
Lactic acid induces HSPA1A expression through ERK1/2 activation
Authors: Nonaka Miwa , Kanouchi Hiroaki , Torii Saki , Nagano Hikaru , Kondo Shigetada , Fujii Akira , Nagano Masanobu , Takenaka Shigeo 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Heat shock protein (HSP) A1A protects cells from various stressors. The concentrated liquid of the traditional Japanese rice black vinegar Kurozu increased HSPA1A expression in normal rat liver RLN-10 cells. Lactic acid, the primary component of concentrated Kurozu, induced HSPA1A expression in a concentration-dependent manner. Induction with 4 m m lactic acid increased HSPA1A expression by three times compared with that in the absence of lactic acid. The induction was inhibited by staurosporine or a selective MEK1/2 inhibitor (SL327). The phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was increased by lactic acid. These results suggest that lactic acid induces HSPA1A expression by activating ERK1/2. As well as lactate, 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA), a ligand for G protein-coupled receptor 81 (GPR81), also induced HSPA1A at lower concentrations than lactate. The increased effect of DHBA on HSPA1A expression as compared with lactate may be related to the higher affinity of DHBA for GPR81 than of lactate.
DeepHomo2.0: improved protein–protein contact prediction of homodimers by transformer-enhanced deep learning
Authors: Lin Peicong , Yan Yumeng , Huang Sheng-You 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Protein–protein interactions play an important role in many biological processes. However, although structure prediction for monomer proteins has achieved great progress with the advent of advanced deep learning algorithms like AlphaFold, the structure prediction for protein–protein complexes remains an open question. Taking advantage of the Transformer model of ESM-MSA, we have developed a deep learning-based model, named DeepHomo2.0, to predict protein–protein interactions of homodimeric complexes by leveraging the direct-coupling analysis (DCA) and Transformer features of sequences and the structure features of monomers. DeepHomo2.0 was extensively evaluated on diverse test sets and compared with eight state-of-the-art methods including protein language model-based, DCA-based and machine learning-based methods. It was shown that DeepHomo2.0 achieved a high precision of &gt;70% with experimental monomer structures and &gt;60% with predicted monomer structures for the top 10 predicted contacts on the test sets and outperformed the other eight methods. Moreover, even the version without using structure information, named DeepHomoSeq, still achieved a good precision of &gt;55% for the top 10 predicted contacts. Integrating the predicted contacts into protein docking significantly improved the structure prediction of realistic Critical Assessment of Protein Structure Prediction homodimeric complexes. DeepHomo2.0 and DeepHomoSeq are available at http://huanglab.phys.hust.edu.cn/DeepHomo2/.
Changes in publicly and privately funded care in England following a national programme to reduce provision of low-value elective surgery
Authors: Anderson Michael 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
This study assessed whether there is an association between changes in publicly and privately funded care for procedures classified as low value by the National Health Service (NHS) in England following implementation of the Evidence-Based Intervention (EBI) programme. Category 1 procedures should not be conducted and are no longer reimbursed by the NHS. Category 2 procedures are only reimbursed by the NHS in certain circumstances.

Methods
Changes in volumes of publicly and privately funded procedures per month in 2019–2020 compared with the previous year were analysed in private hospitals and local healthcare markets, and adjusted for volume of procedures and patient case mix including age, sex, co-morbidities, and deprivation. Supplementary analyses focused on the self-pay and insurance funding mechanisms.

Results
There was a statistically significant association between changes in publicly and privately funded care for category 2 procedures at the hospital (−0.19, 95 per cent c.i. −0.25 to −0.12) and local healthcare market level of analysis (−0.24, −0.32 to −0.15). A statistically significant association for category 1 procedures only existed at the hospital level of analysis (−0.19, −0.30 to −0.08). Findings were similar for patients accessing care through self-pay and insurance funding mechanisms.

Conclusion
Stronger associations between changes in publicly and privately funded care for category 2 procedures may exist as they are clinically indicated in certain circumstances. Reductions in publicly funded care were likely a combined result of the EBI programme and growing NHS waiting lists, whereas increases in privately funded care were influenced by both patient and supplier-induced demand.
An Asynchronous Maximum Independent Set Algorithm By Myopic Luminous Robots On Grids
Authors: Kamei Sayaka , Tixeuil Sébastien 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We consider the problem of constructing a maximum independent set with mobile myopic luminous robots on a grid network whose size is finite but unknown to the robots. In this setting, the robots enter the grid network one by one from a corner of the grid, and they eventually have to be disseminated on the grid nodes so that the occupied positions form a maximum independent set of the network. We assume that robots are asynchronous, anonymous, silent and they execute the same distributed algorithm. In this paper, we propose two algorithms: The first one assumes that the number of light colors of each robot is three and the visible range is two, but uses the additional assumption that a local edge-labeling exists for each node. To remove this assumption, the second one assumes that the number of light colors of each robot is seven, and that the visible range is three. In both algorithms, the number of movements is $O(n(L+l))$ steps, where $n$ is the number of nodes and $L$ and $l$ are the grid dimensions.
Comparing the number and length of primary care consultations in people with and without intellectual disabilities and health needs: observational cohort study using electronic health records
Authors: Tyrer Freya , Morriss Richard , Kiani Reza , Gangadharan Satheesh K , Kundaje Harish , Rutherford Mark J 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
In the United Kingdom, 15-min appointments with the general practitioner (GP) are recommended for people with complex health conditions, including intellectual disabilities and health needs, but we do not know whether this happens.

Aims
We compared number and length of primary care consultations (GP, nurse, other allied health, other) for people with and without intellectual disabilities and health needs.

Methods
Linked primary care data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) in England were used to investigate face-to-face and telephone primary care consultations in 2017–2019. Health needs investigated were: epilepsy; incontinence; severe visual/hearing impairments; severe mobility difficulties; cerebral palsy; and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding. Age and gender-standardized consultation rates per year (Poisson), duration of consultations, and the proportion of “long consultations” (≥15 min) were reported.

Results
People with intellectual disabilities (n = 7,794) had 1.9 times as many GP consultations per year as those without (n = 176,807; consultation rate ratio = 1.87 [95% confidence interval 1.86–1.89]). Consultation rates with nurses and allied healthcare professionals were also twice as high. Mean GP consultation time was 9–10 min regardless of intellectual disability/health need status. Long GP consultations were less common in people with intellectual disabilities (18.2% [17.8–18.7] vs. 20.9% [20.8–21.0]). Long consultations with practice nurses were more common in people with health needs, particularly severe visual loss.

Conclusions
People with intellectual disabilities and/or health needs tend to have more, rather than longer, GP consultations compared with the rest of the population. We recommend further investigation into the role of practice nurses to support people with intellectual disabilities and health needs.
Adult Life-Span Development Is Largely Missing From the PK-12 Health Standards: A Risk Factor for U.S. Society
Authors: Levy Sheri R , Gu Danan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Scholars have lamented that the PK-12 system in the United States does not provide instruction about development across the life span. Indeed, graduates of the U.S. system tend to perform poorly on knowledge tests concerning middle and older adulthood and to agree with false information about aging (negative stereotypes of older adults). This study systematically reviewed for the first time the health education standards (HES) set by the board of education of all 50 states and the District of Columbia.

Research Design and Methods
HES were downloaded from each state’s department of education website between September 25, 2021 and December 17, 2021 and then systematically coded.

Results
Almost all states (47–49) mentioned each of the 8 National Health Education Standards, suggesting compliance with national guidelines which are not specific to adult life-span development. Whereas all states’ HES referred to instruction concerning childhood (n = 51) and adolescence (n = 51), few states’ HES referred to instruction about early adulthood (n = 22), middle adulthood (n = 9), and late adulthood (n = 11). Only 23 states mentioned an intention, broadly-speaking, to cover instruction concerning all of life-span development.

Discussion and Implications
These findings reveal a hole in U.S. HES concerning early to late adulthood and a risk factor for society. These findings signal an alarm on the significant, overdue need for PK-12 education about life-span development, especially with rapid population aging and the far-reaching negative effect of poor aging knowledge on ageism as well as the health and well-being of all age individuals.
Feasibility of using health and wellbeing data for school planning: the SHINE pilot in Scotland
Authors: Chambers Stephanie , Haughton Dawn , Mabelis Judith , Brown Judith , Inchley Jo 
Published: November 2022

Summary
Child and adolescent mental health and wellbeing (MHWB) have received greater attention in recent years due to increases in mental ill health and reports of decreasing subjective wellbeing. The School Health and Wellbeing Improvement Research Network (SHINE) was established to create a national infrastructure to support Scottish schools to collect and use health and wellbeing (HWB) data to inform school improvement action planning. This study aimed to evaluate a pilot of SHINE’s provision of school-level HWB data reports from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey and their impact on school action planning. Using a qualitative case study design, we collected data in four local authorities across Scotland via pupil and school staff focus groups (n = 23 groups), and from interviews with senior leaders, school SHINE Leads, other relevant school-level stakeholders, local authority (LA) HWB and data leads (n = 30 interviews). Data analysis was supported using Normalisation Process Theory as a guiding framework. Implementation was at an early stage. Participants indicated that the data reports were an accessible and valuable source of local information to support the improvement agenda. SHINE’s expertise supported the lack of research capacity and strengthened HWB data literacy skills in schools. At the point of interview, data reports had not been shared widely within the school community, but there was some limited use of the reports to inform action planning around HWB. Through close working and further engagement with schools, SHINE has the potential to support them to deliver national commitments to improving HWB.
A systematic review of the association of diet quality with the mental health of university students: implications in health education practice
Authors: Solomou Solomis , Logue Jennifer , Reilly Siobhan , Perez-Algorta Guillermo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
University students are at risk of experiencing mental health problems during the transition from home to university. This transition can also adversely affect their diet quality. This review aims to examine bidirectional associations from observational studies regarding the influence of diet quality on the mental health of university students, and vice versa. The databases PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, The Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched using relevant search terms. The searches were last updated on 15 July 2022. Majority of studies (36 out of 45) found that good diet quality of students was associated with better mental health in terms of depression, anxiety, stress and overall general mental well-being. Moreover, majority of studies (19 out of 23) found that stress and anxiety of students were associated with poorer diet quality. The effect sizes observed were generally small–moderate. Healthy diets of students have been associated with better mental health in terms of depression, anxiety, stress or other mental health issues. Stress experienced by university students has been associated with unhealthy diets. There are implications for health education research, as interventions to improve diet quality at the university level could reduce mental health issues; additionally, interventions to support students under stress may lead to healthier dietary habits when living on campuses. Randomized controlled trials and intervention studies are needed to further investigate these implications.
PRDM10directsFLCNexpression in a novel disorder overlapping with Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome and familial lipomatosis
Authors: van de Beek Irma , Glykofridis Iris E , Oosterwijk Jan C , van den Akker Peter C , Diercks Gilles F H , Bolling Maria C , Waisfisz Quinten , Mensenkamp Arjen R , Balk Jesper A , Zwart Rob , Postma Alex V , Meijers-Heijboer Hanne E J , van Moorselaar R Jeroen A , Wolthuis Rob M F , Houweling Arjan C 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBirt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome (BHD) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by fibrofolliculomas, pulmonary cysts, pneumothoraces and renal cell carcinomas. Here, we reveal a novel hereditary disorder in a family with skin and mucosal lesions, extensive lipomatosis and renal cell carcinomas. The proband was initially diagnosed with BHD based on the presence of fibrofolliculomas, but no pathogenic germline variant was detected in FLCN, the gene associated with BHD. By whole exome sequencing we identified a heterozygous missense variant (p.(Cys677Tyr)) in a zinc-finger encoding domain of the PRDM10 gene which co-segregated with the phenotype in the family. We show that PRDM10Cys677Tyr loses affinity for a regulatory binding motif in the FLCN promoter, abrogating cellular FLCN mRNA and protein levels. Overexpressing inducible PRDM10Cys677Tyr in renal epithelial cells altered the transcription of multiple genes, showing overlap but also differences with the effects of knocking out FLCN. We propose that PRDM10 controls an extensive gene program and acts as a critical regulator of FLCN gene transcription in human cells. The germline variant PRDM10Cys677Tyr curtails cellular folliculin expression and underlies a distinguishable syndrome characterized by extensive lipomatosis, fibrofolliculomas and renal cell carcinomas.
The development of a semisynthetic diet deficient in methionine for adult cats for controlled feline nutrition studies: effects on acceptability, preference, and behavior responses
Authors: Pezzali Julia Guazzelli , Bullerwell Asha , Dancy Kaitlyn , DeVries Trevor J , Shoveller Anna K 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Chemically defined diets are commonly used in amino acid (AA) requirement studies to allow for tight control of AA delivery. However, those diets are not representative of commercial diets in the market and are unpalatable. Methionine (Met) is usually the first limiting AA in cat diets, but little is known about its requirement for adult cats. Thus, the objectives of this study were: 1) to develop a semisynthetic diet limiting in Met and evaluate its effect on acceptance and feeding behavior in cats; and 2) to evaluate the effect of different sources and inclusions of Met on preference in cats fed the semisynthetic diet. A semisynthetic diet deficient in Met and total sulfur AA (TSAA) was developed. Healthy adult male cats (n = 9) were fed (0800 and 1600 h) the semisynthetic diet top dressed with DL-Met solution (T-DLM), to meet 120% of the TSAA requirement, for 8 d. Feed intake was measured and a 30-min video recording was taken at the 0800 h feeding to evaluate feeding behavior of the cats. Following the acceptability trial, two bowl tests were performed where first choice was recorded and intake ratio was calculated as consumed food (A/A + B). Three combinations were tested: semisynthetic diet deficient in Met (T-BASAL) vs. T-DLM; T-BASAL vs. diet sufficient in Met provided 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid (T-MHA); and T-DLM vs. T-MHA. Average feed intake remained high throughout the acceptability period (94.5% intake of total offered), but some cats decreased intake, resulting in a decrease in BW (≤2.5% of initial BW) over time (P &lt; 0.05). Behaviors were similar among days (P &gt; 0.05) with the exception of grooming the chest and body (P &lt; 0.05). No preferences were observed towards a specific treatment (Met source and level) during the two-bowl tests (P &gt; 0.05) and agreed with the cats expressing similar feeding behaviors during the preference tests (P &gt; 0.05). In conclusion, a semisynthetic diet deficient in Met was successfully developed and can be used in studies to evaluate the effects of low protein and AA supplemented diets. Cats seem to show no preference for Met source and/or inclusion level in a semisynthetic diet application, which is of benefit for future studies aiming to determine the Met requirement in this species.