bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the Power Law Relationship Between Absorption and Frequency Using Spectral Riometer Data
Authors: Fiori R. A. D. , Kero A. , Gillies R. , Cameron T. G. , Cully C. , Ghaffari R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHigh frequency radio wave propagation is sensitive to absorption in the D and lower E‐region ionosphere. Absorption models typically characterize attenuation expected at 30 MHz, meaning scaling relationships are required to map to absorption expected at other frequencies. This is important when evaluating absorption at <20 MHz, as these frequencies are typically used for communication, and are highly sensitive to ionospheric disturbances. Typically, a power law relationship between absorption and frequency with a coefficient of n = −2 is used. This relationship can be demonstrated through consideration of the Appleton‐Hartree equation. This paper examines the performance of this relationship using data from the Kilpisjärvi Atmospheric Imaging Receiver Array for 13–14 November 2012. Using absorption measured at 30 MHz as a baseline, the power law relationship was used to calculated absorption at frequencies of 10–80 MHz. For this event, the power law relationship performed well when the measured absorption at 30 MHz was <1–2 dB, but strongly overestimated measurements as absorption increased. Performance improved when n was allowed to vary as a function of the overall level of absorption at 30 MHz. This accounts for local ionospheric changes associated with absorption events that change the balance of parameters in the Appleton‐Hartree equation causing deviation from n = −2. To further accommodate deviations associated with both local ionospheric disturbances and ambient electromagnetic noise contributions, an empirical relationship relating the logarithm of absorption to frequency was evaluated as a function of overall absorption. Compared to the simplified n = −2 power law relationship between absorption and frequency, the new relationship better represents measured absorption for the event studied.
TIE‐GCM ROPE ‐ Dimensionality Reduction: Part I
Authors: Mehta Piyush M. , Licata Richard J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPhysics‐based models of the ionosphere‐thermosphere system have been touted as the next big thing in the context of drag modeling and space operations for decades. However, the computational complexity of such models have primarily kept them being used operationally. We recently demonstrated a proof‐of‐concept for developing what we call a reduced order probabilistic emulator (ROPE) for the thermosphere using the thermosphere ionosphere electrodynamics ‐ general circulation model (TIE‐GCM). The methodology uses a page out of dynamical systems theory to first reduce the order of the state using dimensionality reduction and then modeling the temporal dynamics in the reduced state space. The methodology uses an ensemble of temporal dynamic models to provide uncertainty estimates in the prediction. This work focuses on the dimensionality reduction step of the ROPE development process and addresses three limitations of the proof‐of‐concept: (a) extending the altitude upper boundary from 450 km to nearly 1000 km, (b) employing deep learning for nonlinear dimensionality reduction over principal component analysis (PCA) for improved performance during storm periods, and (c) maintaining the spatial resolution of the physical TIE‐GCM model, without down‐sampling, to preserve the spatial scales and variations. Results show overall performance boost over PCA for the high‐resolution and extrapolated data set as well as reduced reconstruction errors during storm‐time conditions. This work represents a major step toward operationalization.
Temperature Overshoot Would Have Lasting Impacts on Hydrology and Water Resources
Authors: Marshall Adrienne , Grubert Emily , Warix Sara 
Published: January 2025

AbstractModels of climate change impacts could be missing significant risks to hydrologic and water infrastructure systems through a shared feature: the idea that temperatures rise monotonically. By contrast, temperature overshoot pathways describe non‐monotonic warming trajectories, in which global temperatures first exceed a given target before declining to that target. Risks from overshoot pathways are qualitatively different from risks associated with monotonic warming trajectories, and are likely underestimated in current research and policy. Models suggest overshoot may be almost unavoidable if the more stringent Paris Agreement target limiting warming to 1.5°C over preindustrial levels is to be met by 2100. While overshoot has been relatively widely described in the climate literature, the impacts of overshoot on individual system characteristics have not. We suggest that failure to consider disparities between monotonic and overshoot warming impacts on hydrology and water resources presents particular risks due to divergent adaptation needs. Processes with decadal hysteresis are especially vulnerable. These include glacial contributions to streamflow; hydrologic consequences of vegetation change; altered groundwater; higher water use for fossil fuel combustion and carbon dioxide removal; and water infrastructure and policy that depends on climate conditions. We argue that risks of overshoot cannot be fully captured in current integrated assessment models and that overshoot needs to be specifically evaluated to adequately characterize risk in the water system. We consider how current modeling tools could be adapted to evaluate overshoot consequences, but also recognize that decisions must be made even without perfect knowledge.
Experiences of perinatal genetic screening for people from migrant and refugee backgrounds: a scoping review
Authors: Kanga-Parabia Anaita , Archibald Alison D. , Biggs Laura J. , Lewis Sharon , Tutty Erin , Dawson-McClaren Belinda 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPeople from refugee and migrant backgrounds often face poor experiences and outcomes in healthcare, and genetic healthcare is no exception. Understanding whether and how these health inequities manifest is an important step towards equitable perinatal genetic screening for genetic or chromosomal conditions (offered preconception, prenatally, or during the newborn period). A scoping review was conducted to review international evidence of perceptions and experiences of perinatal genetic screening for people from migrant and refugee backgrounds. Search strategies were applied to Medline, Embase, and CINAHL databases to identify articles meeting eligibility criteria. Evidence was synthesised using descriptive and content analysis, with theoretical frameworks of proportionate universality and relational autonomy used to interpret findings. Of 11,046 unique articles identified, twenty-six met inclusion criteria and underwent full-text review. Most studies were set in Western countries, and participants were primarily born in Asia, South America, or Africa. Studies indicated varying awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and uptake of screening. Several studies highlighted a lack of adequate in-language resources, the use of concepts that were unrecognised in particular communities, and poor interactions with healthcare providers. Strategies to address the above issues included person-centred counselling, increased consultation time, access to interpreters, and training for relevant providers. Other recommendations included addressing structural, financial, and geographical barriers to improve access to screening and associated care. Whilst additional research is required, we propose evidence and theory-informed strategies to improve perinatal genetic screening services for people from migrant and refugee backgrounds.
Ab initio machine-learning unveils strong anharmonicity in non-Arrhenius self-diffusion of tungsten
Authors: Zhang Xi , Divinski Sergiy V. , Grabowski Blazej 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe knowledge of diffusion mechanisms in materials is crucial for predicting their high-temperature performance and stability, yet accurately capturing the underlying physics like thermal effects remains challenging. In particular, the origin of the experimentally observed non-Arrhenius diffusion behavior has remained elusive, largely due to the lack of effective computational tools. Here we propose an efficient ab initio framework to compute the Gibbs energy of the transition state in vacancy-mediated diffusion including the relevant thermal excitations at the density-functional-theory level. With the aid of a bespoke machine-learning interatomic potential, the temperature-dependent vacancy formation and migration Gibbs energies of the prototype system body-centered cubic (BCC) tungsten are shown to be strongly affected by anharmonicity. This finding explains the physical origin of the experimentally observed non-Arrhenius behavior of tungsten self-diffusion. A remarkable agreement between the calculated and experimental temperature-dependent self-diffusivity and, in particular, its curvature is revealed. The proposed computational framework is robust and broadly applicable, as evidenced by first tests for a hexagonal close-packed (HCP) multicomponent high-entropy alloy. The successful applications underscore the attainability of an accurate ab initio diffusion database.
Continental drift triggered the Early Permian aridification of North China
Authors: Ren Qiang , Zhang Shihong , Hou Mingcai , Zheng Dongyu , Wu Huaichun , Yang Tianshui , Li Haiyan , Chen Anqing , Ogg James G. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe boundary between wet and arid climate zones in the Tethys Ocean remains challenging to trace, complicating our understanding of global aridification pattern during the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian transition. The North China Block (NCB), situated in the Tethys Ocean, underwent a transition from humid to arid climate during the Early Permian, providing a rare opportunity to trace this climate boundary across this region. Here, we present paleomagnetic evidence indicating that the NCB underwent rapid northward drift between 290 and 281 million years ago. The NCB’s movement from a tropical wet to a subtropical arid zone corresponds to a lithological change from coal-bearing to red-bed deposits, demonstrating tectonic drift into a subtropical arid zone as the main driver of aridification in the NCB during this period. This drift also delineates the wet–dry boundary over the Tethys Ocean, consistent with modern climatic zonation patterns.
Analysis of full length transcriptome and resistance characteristics of Atraphaxis bracteata under drought
Authors: He Cai , Liu Wei , Jin Min , Li Yi , Wu Yuan , Shan Lishan , Chong Peifang , Wei Meiying , Hu Fang , Liu Yuan , Li Chaoqun , Zhang Qinde 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDrought is one of the main environmental factors affecting plant survival and growth. Atraphaxis bracteata is a common desert plant mainly utilized in afforestation and desertification control. This study analyzed the morphological, physiological and molecular regulatory characteristics of different organs of A. bracteata under drought stress. The results showed that with the intensification of drought stress, the height, root length and leaf area of A. bracteata seedlings decreased, while the content of osmotic substances and antioxidant enzyme activity increased. Furthermore, a total of 63 907 non-redundant transcript sequences, of which 55 574 transcripts were annotated, 248 178 FLNC sequences, 107 112 high-quality consistent sequences and 291 314 CCSs were obtained from Iso-Seq. Meanwhile, a total of 2 039 AS events, 22 919 SSR, 40 404 CDS and 5 902 lncRNA were also obtained. The RNA-Seq analysis results revealed that a total of 2 821, 3 907 and 5 532 DETs were identified from roots, stems and leaves, respectively, and which had significantly enrichment in “circadian rhythm-plant” and “starch and sucrose metabolism” pathway. These results would be great significance for further research on the stress resistance of A. bracteata and these DETs function.
Integrated approach for estimating climate change impacts on CO2 sink capacity of inland waterbodies using hydrodynamic modelling and GIS analysis
Authors: Khalil Hanady H. , Abdrabo Mohamed A. , Hassaan Mahmoud A. , Elshemy Mohamed M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAs one of their key regulatory ecosystem functions, inland lakes serve as CO2 sinks. The CO2 sink capacity of inland lakes depends on their water temperature and salinity as well as their water volume which are all highly sensitive to climate conditions. This paper aims to quantitatively estimate the change in the CO2 sink capacity of Wadi El-Rayan Lakes under climate change scenarios. For this purpose, an integrated approach combining CO2 solubility modelling, hydrodynamic simulations (Delft3D-FLOW) and GIS analysis was employed. According to the developed approach, CO2 solubility under variable temperature and salinity is mathematically modelled and this model is further used with the developed hydrodynamic model data for Wadi El-Rayan Lakes (temperature, salinity and water depth) to estimate their CO2 sink capacities. CO2 sink capacity is estimated for 2014 and 2050 under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 2.6 and 8.5. Afterwards, the alteration in CO2 sink capacities due to climate change is determined using the modified hydrodynamic model. The results revealed that by 2050, the lakes would lose about 23–25% of their capacities compared to that of 2014 according to RCP 2.6 and 8.5, respectively.
Carboxymethyl hemicellulose hydrogel as a fluorescent biosensor for bacterial and fungal detection with DFT and molecular docking studies
Authors: Tohamy Hebat-Allah S. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA new method was developed to quickly produce carboxymethyl hemicellulose (CM-Hemi) and fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N–CDs) from sugarcane bagasse (SB). These materials were then combined with calcium chloride (CaCl₂) to create hydrogel sensors with antibacterial and antifungal properties. The CM-Hemi@Ca-N–CDs hydrogel was effective against both Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria compared to CM-Hemi@Ca which give no antibacterial activity. Both hydrogels also exhibited antifungal properties against Candida albicans. Molecular docking studies revealed that the CM-Hemi@Ca-N–CDs hydrogel had strong binding interactions with the protein from Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans (1.92 A°) compard to Escherichia coli (2.01 A°), which was aligned with the inhibition zone measurements from the antibacterial test. The fluorescence microscope revealed differences in the emitted light color when the hydrogel interacted with different types of microorganisms, likely due to variations in their cell walls. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the incorporation of N–CDs into the CM-Hemi@Ca hydrogel enhances its stability and rigidity. This is evidenced by the lower energy gap (Eg), higher electron affinity (μ), and lower softness (S) of the CM-Hemi@Ca-N–CDs compared to the CM-Hemi@Ca hydrogel. Additionally, the formation of amide bonds between the N–CDs and CM-Hemi contributes to the increased rigidity of the hydrogel.These findings supporting th effectiveness of CM-Hemi@Ca-N–CDs as an antibacterial/antifungal sensor.
Nanobody-based indirect competitive ELISA for the detection of aflatoxin M1 in dairy products
Authors: Yi Li , Liu Haiyuan , Liu Yingda , Aiyisi  , He Jing , Ming Liang , Jirimutu  
Published: January 2025

AbstractAflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is known to be carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic and poses a serious threat to food safety and human health, which makes its surveillance critical. In this study, an indirect competitive ELISA (icELISA) based on a nanobody (Nb M4) was developed for the sensitive and rapid detection of AFM1 in dairy products. In our previous work, Nb M4 was screened from a Bactrian-camel-immunized phage-displayed library. It exhibits VH-like features, possesses higher thermal stability than monoclonal antibody (mAb 1E6) and tightly binds to AFM1–BSA with a KD value of 2.5 nM. Under the optimal conditions, its half-maximal inhibitory concentration was 0.338 ng/mL, the limit of detection was 0.051 ng/mL, and linearity was noted in the range of 0.168–0.679 ng/mL. Nb M4 displayed almost no cross-reactivity with other mycotoxins. No matrix effect was observed in milk and milk powder samples, and the matrix effect in yogurt samples could be weakened by 2-fold dilution. Furthermore, validation studies in spiked samples (milk, yogurt, and milk powder) resulted in good recoveries of 95.40–111.33%, with a low coefficient of variation (2.89–6.78%). High-performance liquid chromatography was used to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the developed icELISA, which indicated a satisfactory consistent correlation (R2 = 0.9722). This study highlights the potential of Nb M4 as a promising component for detecting AFM1 in dairy products.
Supercontinuum generation in scintillator crystals
Authors: Marčiulionytė Vaida , Tamošauskas Gintaras , Šutovas Matas , Dubietis Audrius 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe present a comparative experimental study of supercontinuum generation in undoped scintillator crystals: bismuth germanate (BGO), yttrium orthosilicate (YSO), lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO), lutetium yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) and gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG), pumped by 180 fs fundamental harmonic pulses of an amplified Yb:KGW laser. In addition to these materials, experiments in yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG), potassium gadolinium tungstate (KGW) and lithium tantalate (LT) were performed under identical experimental settings (focusing geometry and sample thickness), which served for straightforward comparison of supercontinuum generation performances. The threshold and optimal (that produces optimized red-shifted spectral extent) pump pulse energies for supercontinuum generation were evaluated from detailed measurements of spectral broadening dynamics. The measured cut-off wavelengths at the short-wavelength side are in line with the general trend of blue-shifted spectral broadening on the bandgap of nonlinear material. All the nonlinear materials produced reasonable red-shifted spectral broadenings under conditions of optimal pump pulse energies, with the largest red-shift exceeding 2000 nm measured in GGG crystal. Our results revealed that GGG and BGO (which also had the lowest supercontinuum generation threshold) offer durable, optical damage-free performance at a laser repetition rate of 200 kHz, suggesting that these materials are good alternatives to YAG and KGW for low threshold, high average power supercontinuum generation in the near- and short-wave infrared spectral ranges. We also demonstrated that scintillating properties of bulk materials could be readily studied in the filamentation regime, via multiphoton excitation using near-infrared femtosecond laser pulses.
A disintegrin and metallopeptidase domain (ADAM) 12, ADAM 17 mRNA and ADAM10 protein hold potential as biomarkers for detection of early gastric cancer
Authors: Oh Sooyeon , Lee Sang-Soo , Jin Hoeyoung , Choi Seo-Hyeon , Cha Choong-Keun , Lee Jooho , Kwack KyuBum , Kim Sang Gyun , Choi Sang-Woon 
Published: January 2025

AbstractNo biomarker can effectively screen for early gastric cancer (EGC). Players in the A disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM)-natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) receptor axis may have a role for that. As a proof-of-concept pilot study, the expression of ADAM8, ADAM9, ADAM10, ADAM12, ADAM17, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I chain-related sequence A (MICA), a ligand for NKG2D, in gastric cancer was investigated in silico using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Subsequently, the mRNA and protein expression levels of these markers except ADAM8 were tested in blood samples from patients with EGC and healthy controls. In the TCGA data analyses, EGC tissues (n = 57) expressed significantly higher mRNA levels of ADAM8, ADAM9, ADAM10, ADAM12, and ADAM17 than normal tissues (n = 35) (p < 0.005). In human blood sample analyses, ADAM12 (p = 0.0007), ADAM17 mRNA (p < 0.0001) and ADAM10 (p < 0.0017) protein were significantly elevated in patients with EGC (n = 27 for mRNA and n = 25 for protein) compared to the controls (n = 30 for mRNA and n = 26 for protein). Areas under the curves calculated by receiver-operating characteristic analysis for ADAM12, ADAM17 mRNA and ADAM10 protein were 0.7568 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.6334 to 0.8802), 0.8062 (95% CI: 0.6889 to 0.9234; p < 0.0001), and 0.8108 (95% CI: 0.6895 to 0.9320; p = 0.0001), respectively. Thus, ADAM12, ADAM17 mRNA and ADAM10 protein levels in peripheral blood could hold potential as biomarkers for screening EGC, and further investigations are required.
An integrated DEA-fuzzy AHP method for prioritization of renewable energy sources in India
Authors: Luhaniwal Jyoti , Agarwal Shivi , Mathur Trilok 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAs India’s population grows and urbanization accelerates, energy demand is increasing sharply while conventional sources fall behind. To tackle energy shortages and climate change, India must prioritize renewable energy sources (RES), which offer sustainable solutions. The country is rich in RES, which can enhance fuel mix for electricity generation. This study analyzes various RES in India-solar, geothermal, hydro, biomass, wave, onshore, and offshore wind energy -using an integrated data envelopment analysis (DEA) and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (Fuzzy AHP) methodology. Four main parameters-technical, economic, environmental, and socio-political -are identified and supported by 19 criteria, with environmental parameters including both desirable and undesirable criteria. In first phase, undesirable criteria are transformed into desirable criteria using Modified Ratio model. DEA is then applied to calculate initial efficiency score of RES under each parameter category. Fuzzy AHP determines weights for each parameter. The weights and initial efficiency scores are then combined to calculate overall efficiency score and ranking of RES. Sensitivity analysis shows that results obtained from proposed methodology are significant, and robust. Offshore wind ranks highest in efficiency, followed by hydro and onshore wind, while geothermal scores lowest. This methodology could benefit developing nations and guide policymakers in adopting RES.
N2GNet tracks gait performance from subthalamic neural signals in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Choi Jin Woo , Cui Chuyi , Wilkins Kevin B. , Bronte-Stewart Helen M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAdaptive deep brain stimulation (DBS) provides individualized therapy for people with Parkinson’s disease (PWP) by adjusting the stimulation in real-time using neural signals that reflect their motor state. Current algorithms, however, utilize condensed and manually selected neural features which may result in a less robust and biased therapy. In this study, we propose Neural-to-Gait Neural network (N2GNet), a novel deep learning-based regression model capable of tracking real-time gait performance from subthalamic nucleus local field potentials (STN LFPs). The LFP data were acquired when eighteen PWP performed stepping in place, and the ground reaction forces were measured to track their weight shifts representing gait performance. By exhibiting a stronger correlation with weight shifts compared to the higher-correlation beta power from the two leads and outperforming other evaluated model designs, N2GNet effectively leverages a comprehensive frequency band, not limited to the beta range, to track gait performance solely from STN LFPs.