bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Independent Directors and Team Production in Japanese Corporate Governance
Authors: Johnston Andrew , Miyamoto Kohei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIndependent directors (IDs) in listed Japanese companies have gradually increased with the transplant of the Western model of the monitoring board. In practice, however, IDs act more like the mediating hierarch in team production theory than the agent of the shareholders, albeit with a number of differences from Blair and Stout’s seminal model. Japanese IDs mediate formally and informally, resolving vertical disputes between groups of executives as they contest control of the company. Given the norm of lifetime employment, such vertical disputes are common in Japanese companies and are economically significant, since failure to resolve them can result in destruction of firm-specific human capital. The article explores the scope for mediating hierarchy in Japanese law and corporate governance practice, then develops three case-studies which highlight the role played by IDs. Their practice is shaped by and supports social norms that emphasize the importance of continuity in team production.
Optimal stopping under g-Expectation with -integrable reward process
Authors: Kim Mun-Chol , O Hun , Hwang Ho-Jin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper we study a class of optimal stopping problems under g-expectation, that is, the cost function is described by the solution of backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs). Primarily, we assume that the reward process is
$L\exp\bigl(\mu\sqrt{2\log\!(1+L)}\bigr)$
-integrable with
$\mu>\mu_0$
for some critical value
$\mu_0$
. This integrability is weaker than
$L^p$
-integrability for any
$p>1$
, so it covers a comparatively wide class of optimal stopping problems. To reach our goal, we introduce a class of reflected backward stochastic differential equations (RBSDEs) with
$L\exp\bigl(\mu\sqrt{2\log\!(1+L)}\bigr)$
-integrable parameters. We prove the existence, uniqueness, and comparison theorem for these RBSDEs under Lipschitz-type assumptions on the coefficients. This allows us to characterize the value function of our optimal stopping problem as the unique solution of such RBSDEs.
Flight Simulation Group Half-Day Symposium
Authors: Rolfe J. M. 
Published: September 2022

We are concerned with the training of Simulator Instructors, and to consider this matter we need to define the boundaries of knowledge within which the instructor must work.I would suggest that there are four major areas which identify the boundaries. Firstly, there is the extent to which the instructor must be familiar with the handling and operation of the aircraft being simulated. On a reciprocal heading to that boundary is the extent of the knowledge he must have about the operation and function of the simulator itself.
Intergenerational transmission of birth weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Oliveira Riceli Rodeghiero , da Silva Eloisa Porciúncula , Flores Thaynã Ramos , Gigante Denise Petrucci 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe objectives of this study were (1) to systematically review the literature on the association between birth weight in children born in the first and second generation and (2) to quantify this association by performing a meta-analysis. A systematic review was carried out in six databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL and LILACS), in January 2021, for studies that recorded the birth weight of parents and children. A meta-analysis using random effects to obtain a pooled effect of the difference in birth weight and the association of low birth weight (LBW) between generations was performed. Furthermore, univariable meta-regression was conducted to assess heterogeneity. Egger’s tests were used to possible publication biases. Of the 9878 identified studies, seventy were read in full and twenty were included in the meta-analysis (ten prospective cohorts and ten retrospective cohorts), fourteen studies for difference in means and eleven studies for the association of LBW between generations (twenty-three estimates). Across all studies, there was no statistically significant mean difference (MD) birth weight between first and second generation (MD 19·26, 95 % CI 28·85, 67·36; P = 0·43). Overall, children of LBW parents were 69 % more likely to have LBW (pooled effect size 1·69, 95 % CI (1·46, 1·95); I2:85·8 %). No source of heterogeneity was identified among the studies and no publication bias. The average birth weight of parents does not influence the average birth weight of children; however, the proportion of LBW among the parents seems to affect the offspring’s birth weight.
The role of negative emotions in learning music: qualitative understanding of Australian undergraduate students’ listening experience of unfamiliar music
Authors: Matsunobu Koji , Davidson Robert , Lo Khin Yee 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the experience and role of negative emotions in facilitating university students’ learning in world music courses. Based on a review of literature in music psychology and music education, we posit that negative emotions can engender a meaningful learning context. In this project conducted in an Australian university, we created a condition in which students were engaged in repeated listening to recordings of music from cultures different from their own, which they reported as sounding “unpleasant.” We then analysed how they overcame emotional responses through a listening exercise. The findings suggest that the students developed enhanced motivation and cognitive reflection by facing their own negative emotions through repeated listening. The article finishes with a discussion about the positive side of negative emotions and the negative side of positive emotions as they relate to music education.
Pulmonary artery banding: still a role for staged bi-ventricular repair of intracardiac shunts?
Authors: Afifi Ahmed R. S. A. , Seale Anna N. , Chaudhari Milind , Khan Natasha E. , Jones Timothy J. , Stumper Oliver , Botha Phil 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectives:Although pulmonary artery banding remains a useful palliation in bi-ventricular shunting lesions, single-stage repair holds several advantages. We investigate outcomes of the former approach in high-risk patients.Methods:Retrospective cohort study including all pulmonary artery banding procedures over 9 years, excluding single ventricle physiology and left ventricular training.Results:Banding was performed in 125 patients at a median age of 41 days (2–294) and weight of 3.4 kg (1.8–7.32). Staged repair was undertaken for significant co-morbidity in 81 (64.8%) and anatomical complexity in 44 (35.2%). The median hospital stay was 14 days (interquartile range 8–33.5) and 14 patients (11.2%) required anatomical repair before discharge. Nine patients died during the initial admission (hospital mortality 7.2 %) and five following discharge (inter-stage mortality 4.8%). Of 105 banded patients who survived, 19 (18.1%) needed inter-stage re-admission and 18 (14.4%) required unplanned re-intervention. Full repair was performed in 93 (74.4%) at a median age of 13 months (3.1–49.9) and weight of 8.5 kg (3.08–16.8). Prior banding, 54% were below the 0.4th weight centile, but only 28% remained so at repair. Post-repair, 5/93 (5.4%) developed heart block requiring permanent pacemaker, and 11/93 (11.8%) required unplanned re-intervention. The post-repair mortality (including repairs during the initial admission) was 6/93 (6.5%), with overall mortality of the staged approach 13.6% (17/125).Conclusions:In a cohort with a high incidence of co-morbidity, pulmonary artery banding is associated with a significant risk of re-intervention and mortality. Weight gain improves after banding, but heart block, re-intervention, and mortality remain frequent following repair.
Topographic Gravity Waves Observed in the Martian Thermosphere: A Statistical Perspective From a 1‐D Full‐Wave Model
Authors: Huang Jianping , Wu Zhaopeng , Cui Jun , Hao Yongqiang , Cao Wei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGravity waves (GWs) are significant dynamical processes in planetary atmospheres due to their efficient transport of momentum and energy from the lower to the upper atmosphere. Recent observations from in‐situ measurements by spacecraft like Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) also reveal ubiquitous GW activity in the Martian thermosphere. As a critical parameter for characterizing GWs, the wavelength spectrum has been studied for years. However, most of the current observations for the Martian thermosphere can only determine the apparent GW wavelength because they usually take one‐dimensional measurements within a typical GW period. In this work, we adopt a full‐wave GW model to statistically investigate the upward propagation of the topographic‐generated GWs and how their wavelength spectrum apparently looks in the thermosphere when observed by a spacecraft like MAVEN. We find that the wind significantly modifies the vertical wavelengths of GWs in the Martian atmosphere. Considering the GWs generated from topographic sources, we calculate their wavelength distribution in the thermosphere, with a most probable apparent vertical wavelength of around 14 km, consisting with the MAVEN observation. However, our theoretical wavelength spectrum is mainly concentrated in the low wavelength part (10–20 km), while the observed result contains a long‐tailed component in the long wavelength part. The mismatch between our model and observations indicates that at least 72% of the observed GWs in the thermosphere are not generated from topographic sources.
Highly pathogenic coronavirus N protein aggravates inflammation by MASP-2-mediated lectin complement pathway overactivation
Authors: Gao Ting , Zhu Lin , Liu Hainan , Zhang Xiaopeng , Wang Tingting , Fu Yangbo , Li Hongzhen , Dong Qincai , Hu Yong , Zhang Zhang , Jin Jing , Liu Zijing , Yang Weihong , Liu Yaoning , Jin Yanwen , Li Kaitong , Xiao Yongjiu , Liu Junli , Zhao Huailong , Liu Yue , Li Ping , Song Jibo , Zhang Lu , Gao Yuwei , Kang Sisi , Chen Shoudeng , Ma Qingjun , Bian Xiuwu , Chen Wei , Liu Xuan , Mao Qing , Cao Cheng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExcessive inflammatory responses contribute to the pathogenesis and lethality of highly pathogenic human coronaviruses, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the N proteins of highly pathogenic human coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), were found to bind MASP-2, a key serine protease in the lectin pathway of complement activation, resulting in excessive complement activation by potentiating MBL-dependent MASP-2 activation, and the deposition of MASP-2, C4b, activated C3 and C5b-9. Aggravated inflammatory lung injury was observed in mice infected with adenovirus expressing the N protein. Complement hyperactivation was also observed in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. Either blocking the N protein:MASP-2 interaction, MASP-2 depletion or suppressing complement activation can significantly alleviate N protein-induced complement hyperactivation and lung injury in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, these data suggested that complement suppression may represent a novel therapeutic approach for pneumonia induced by these highly pathogenic coronaviruses.
CRISPR FISHer enables high-sensitivity imaging of nonrepetitive DNA in living cells through phase separation-mediated signal amplification
Authors: Lyu Xin-Yuan , Deng Yuan , Huang Xiao-Yan , Li Zhen-Zhen , Fang Guo-Qing , Yang Dong , Wang Feng-Liu , Kang Wang , Shen En-Zhi , Song Chun-Qing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe dynamic three-dimensional structures of chromatin and extrachromosomal DNA molecules regulate fundamental cellular processes and beyond. However, the visualization of specific DNA sequences in live cells, especially nonrepetitive sequences accounting for most of the genome, is still vastly challenging. Here, we introduce a robust CRISPR-mediated fluorescence in situ hybridization amplifier (CRISPR FISHer) system, which exploits engineered sgRNA and protein trimerization domain-mediated, phase separation-based exponential assembly of fluorescent proteins in the CRISPR-targeting locus, conferring enhancements in both local brightness and signal-to-background ratio and thus achieving single sgRNA-directed visualization of native nonrepetitive DNA loci in live cells. In one application, by labeling and tracking the broken ends of chromosomal fragments, CRISPR FISHer enables real-time visualization of the entire process of chromosome breakage, separation, and subsequent intra- or inter-chromosomal ends rejoining in a single live cell. Furthermore, CRISPR FISHer allows the movement of small extrachromosomal circular DNAs (eccDNAs) and invading DNAs to be recorded, revealing substantial differences in dynamic behaviors between chromosomal and extrachromosomal loci. With the potential to track any specified self or non-self DNA sequences, CRISPR FISHer dramatically broadens the scope of live-cell imaging in biological events and for biomedical diagnoses.
Plate osteosynthesis combined with bone cement provides the highest stability for tibial head depression fractures under high loading conditions
Authors: Heilig Philipp , Faerber Lars-Christopher , Paul Mila M. , Kupczyk Eva , Meffert Rainer H. , Jordan Martin C. , Hoelscher-Doht Stefanie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOlder patients sustaining tibial head depression fractures often cannot follow the post-operative rehabilitation protocols with partial weight-bearing of the affected limb, leading to osteosynthesis failure, cartilage step-off and arthritis development. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the biomechanical performance of different types of osteosyntheses alone and in combination with bone cement simulating cyclically high loading conditions of tibial head depression fractures. Lateral tibial head depression fractures (AO: 41-B2.2; Schatzker type III) were created in synthetic bones and stabilized using three different osteosyntheses alone and in combination with a commonly used bone cement (chronOS™): 2 screws, 4 screws in the jail technique and a lateral angle-stable buttress plate. After fixation, the lateral tibial plateau was axially loaded in two, from each other independent testing series: In the first test protocol, 5000 cycles with 500 N and in the end load-to-failure tests were performed. In the second test protocol, the cyclic loading was increased to 1000 N. Parameters of interest were the displacement of the articular fracture fragment, the stiffness and the maximum load. The osteosyntheses revealed a higher stiffness in combination with bone cement compared to the same type of osteosynthesis alone (e.g., 500 N level: 2 screws 383 ± 43 N/mm vs. 2 screws + chronOs 520 ± 108 N/mm, increase by 36%, p < 0.01; 4 screws 368 ± 97 N/mm vs. 4 screws + chronOS 516 ± 109 N/mm, increase by 40%, p < 0.01; plate: 509 ± 73 N/mm vs. plate + chronOs 792 ± 150 N/mm, increase by 56%, p < 0.01). Bone cement reduced the displacement of the plate significantly (500 N level: plate: 8.9 ± 2.8 mm vs. plate + chronOs: 3.1 ± 1.4 mm, reduction by 65%, p < 0.01; 1000 N level: 16.9 ± 3.6 mm vs 5.6 ± 1.3 mm, reduction by 67%, p < 0.01). Thus, the highest stiffness and lowest displacement values were found when using the plate with bone cement in both loading conditions (500 N level: 2 screws + chronOs 3.7 ± 1.3 mm, 4 screws + chronOs 6.2 ± 2.4 mm; 1000 N level: 2 screws + chronOs 6.5 ± 1.2 mm, 4 screws + chronOs 5.7 ± 0.8 mm). From a biomechanical perspective, plate osteosynthesis of tibial head depression fractures should always be combined with bone cement, provides higher stability than 2-screw and 4-screw fixation and is a valid treatment option in cases where extraordinary stability is required.
Highly efficient dual-level grating couplers for silicon nitride photonics
Authors: Vitali Valerio , Lacava Cosimo , Domínguez Bucio Thalía , Gardes Frederic Y. , Petropoulos Periklis 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe propose and numerically demonstrate a versatile strategy that allows designing highly efficient dual-level grating couplers in different silicon nitride-based photonic platforms. The proposed technique, which can generally be applied to an arbitrary silicon nitride film thickness, is based on the simultaneous optimization of two grating coupler levels to obtain high directionality and grating-fibre mode matching at the same time. This is achieved thanks to the use of two different linear apodizations, with opposite signs, applied to the two grating levels, whose design parameters are determined by using a particle swarm optimization method. Numerical simulations were carried out considering different silicon nitride platforms with 150, 300, 400 and 500 nm thicknesses and initially employing silicon as the material for the top level grating coupler. The use of Si-rich silicon nitride with a refractive index in the range 2.7–3.3 for the top layer material enabled to obtain similar performance (coupling efficiency exceeding − 0.45 dB for the 400 nm thick silicon nitride platform) with relaxed fabrication tolerances. To the best of our knowledge, these numerical results represent the best performance ever reported in the literature for silicon nitride grating couplers without the use of any back-reflector.
Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells may be drivers of tissue destruction in Sjögren’s syndrome
Authors: Kaneko Naoki , Chen Hu , Perugino Cory A. , Maehara Takashi , Munemura Ryusuke , Yokomizo Shiho , Sameshima Junsei , Diefenbach Thomas J. , Premo Katherine R. , Chinju Akira , Miyahara Yuka , Sakamoto Mizuki , Moriyama Masafumi , Stone John H. , Nakamura Seiji , Pillai Shiv 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSjögren’s syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disorder whose pathogenesis is poorly understood and that lacks effective therapies. Detailed quantitative and spatial analyses of tissues affected by Sjögren’s syndrome were undertaken, including the quantitation of the frequency of selected cell–cell interactions in the disease milieu. Quantitative analyses of CD4+T cell subsets and of CD8+T cells in the labial salivary glands from untreated patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome revealed that activated CD8+cytotoxic T cells (CD8+CTLs) were the most prominent T cells in these infiltrates. An accumulation of apoptotic glandular epithelial cells, mainly ductal and acinar cells, was observed, consistent with the impaired salivary secretion often observed in patients with this disease. FasL expressing activated CD8+T cells were seen to accumulate around Fas expressing apoptotic epithelial cells. Quantitative analyses of apoptotic cell types and of conjugates between cytotoxic T cells and epithelial cells undergoing apoptosis suggest that Sjögren’s syndrome is primarily driven by CD8+CTL mediated execution of epithelial cells mainly represented by ductal and acinar cells.
Altered spontaneous brain activity in Down syndrome and its relation with cognitive outcome
Authors: Cañete-Massé Cristina , Carbó-Carreté Maria , Peró-Cebollero Maribel , Cui Shi-Xian , Yan Chao-Gan , Guàrdia-Olmos Joan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlthough Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of neurodevelopmental delay, few neuroimaging studies have explored this population. This investigation aimed to study whole-brain resting-state spontaneous brain activity using fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) strategies to find differences in spontaneous brain activity among young people with DS and controls and to correlate these results with cognitive outcomes. The sample comprised 18 persons with DS (age mean = 28.67, standard deviation = 4.18) and 18 controls (age mean = 28.56, standard deviation = 4.26). fALFF and ReHo analyses were performed, and the results were correlated with other cognitive variables also collected (KBIT-2 and verbal fluency test). Increased activity was found in DS using fALFF in areas involving the frontal and temporal lobes and left cerebellum anterior lobe. Decreased activity in DS was found in the left parietal and occipital lobe, the left limbic lobe and the left cerebellum posterior lobe. ReHo analysis showed increased activity in certain DS areas of the left frontal lobe and left rectus, as well as the inferior temporal lobe. The areas with decreased activity in the DS participants were regions of the frontal lobe and the right limbic lobe. Altered fALFF and ReHo were found in the DS population, and this alteration could predict the cognitive abilities of the participants. To our knowledge, this is the first study to explore regional spontaneous brain activity in a population with DS. Moreover, this study suggests the possibility of using fALFF and ReHo as biomarkers of cognitive function, which is highly important given the difficulties in cognitively evaluating this population to assess dementia. More research is needed, however, to demonstrate its utility.
Modeling effective thermal conductivity enhanced by surface waves using the Boltzmann transport equation
Authors: Yun Kuk Hyun , Lee Bong Jae , Lee Seong Hyuk 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe thermal management of semiconductors at the device level has become a crucial issue owing to the high integration density and miniaturization of microelectronic systems. Because surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs) exhibit long propagation lengths, they are expected to contribute significantly to the heat dissipation in microelectronic systems. This study aims to numerically estimate the heat transfer due to SPhPs in a thin SiO2film. The one-dimensional Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) is solved using the estimated propagation length based on the SPhP dispersion curves. The temperature profiles and heat fluxes are predicted and demonstrate the size effect of the film on the effective in-plane thermal conductivity of the SiO2film. The results indicate that the temperature distribution was constant regardless of the film length and thickness because the propagation length was much longer than the film length. In addition, the heat flux increased with decreasing film thickness owing to the depth-averaged energy transfer. The effective thermal conductivities predicted using the BTE differed by ~ 16.5% from the values obtained from the analytical expression. The numerical results of this study can provide valuable data when studying the thermal behavior of SPhPs.