bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between intestinal microbiotal imbalance and 5‐HT metabolism, immune inflammation in chronic unpredictable mild stress male rats
Authors: Li Huawei , Wang Peng , Zhou Yunping , Zhao Fei , Gao Xue , Wu Chunfeng , Wu Tianxia , Jiang Liping , Zhang Dianliang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo explore the role of intestinal microbiota on the occurrence of depression‐like behavior. Twenty male adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. Depression‐like behavior of the rats was validated using sucrose preference test (SPT) and forced swimming test (FST) after chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for 3 weeks. Fecal microbiota was analyzed through 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The levels of 5‐HT and inflammatory factors in the colon, brain and sera were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative PCR (qPCR) and western blotting analyses. The percentage of different types of immune cells in the peripheral blood was determined through flow cytometry. CUMS caused depression‐like symptoms, including anhedonia and desperate behavior. Significant differences were found in the structure and abundance of intestinal microbiota. CUMS intervention significantly increased the levels of 5‐HT and Tph1 in the colon and decreased the level of Scl6a4. The concentrations of 5‐HT and Tph2 in the prefrontal and hippocampal tissues were lower, while IDO1 was higher. Certain cytokines, such as IL‐6, IL‐1 and TNF‐ɑ, were significantly elevated in peripheral blood, while the percentage of CD3+ CD4+ double‐positive cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were downregulated in the CUMS group. Pearson correlation analysis showed that intestinal microbiota was significantly associated with not only the metabolism of 5‐HT in intestinal and brain tissues, but also with the proportion of immune cells and certain cytokines. Stress can lead to disturbances in the intestinal microbial structure, which may contribute to depression by interfering with 5‐HT metabolism and immune inflammatory responses.
The efficacy of an oscillating‐rotating power toothbrush compared to a high‐frequency sonic power toothbrush on parameters of dental plaque and gingival inflammation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: van der Sluijs Eveline , Slot Dagmar Else , Hennequin‐Hoenderdos Nienke Lisette , Valkenburg Cees , van der Weijden Fridus (G. A.) 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo establish the efficacy of oscillating‐rotating power toothbrush (OR‐PTB) compared to high‐frequency sonic power toothbrush (HFS‐PTB) on improving parameters of plaque and gingival inflammation. Safety and participants' preference were secondary interests.Materials and methodsMEDLINE‐PubMed and Cochrane‐CENTRAL databases were searched, up to April 2021. Inclusion criteria were (randomized)controlled clinical trials that evaluated healthy humans brushing with an OR‐PTB compared to a HFS‐PTB. Evaluation for a minimum of 4 weeks, of one or more of the following parameters: plaque index scores (PI), bleeding scores (BS), number of bleeding sites (NoB) and gingival index scores (GI).ResultsThirty two publications involving 38 comparisons were included after the independent screening. The descriptive analysis showed that in 54% of the comparisons, a significant difference in favour of the OR‐PTB was found for PI, BS and GI scores. The Quigley and Hein index showed a significant difference of means (DiffM) between the end scores (DiffM 0.13, 95% CI [0.05;0.21] p < 0.001), as well as for the Rustogi‐modified Navy index (DiffM 0.01, 95% CI [0.01;0.03] p = 0.002). This is in line with the meta‐analysis for BS (DiffM 0.09, 95% CI [0.03;0.14] p = 0.003), for which the results were in favour of the OR‐PTB and considered potentially clinically relevant. NoB showed a significant difference in favour of the OR‐PTB for the end scores (DiffM 3.61, 95% CI [2.63;4.58] p < 0.00001). No difference in safety was indicated, 78% of participants preferred the OR‐PTB.ConclusionFor patients to maintain good plaque control and improve gingival health, there is a small but significant difference based on longer‐term studies between OR‐PTB and HFS‐PTB. This difference is potentially clinically relevant.
Valuing less and guarding more: Consumption stewardship in restricted contexts
Authors: Barrios Andrés , Blocker Christopher P. , Upadhyaya Shikha 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper advances the conceptual understanding of consumption stewardship, defined here as a moral commitment to safeguard, nurture and use consumption resources to create consumer value. We delineate consumption stewardship from related consumption variables and articulate its underlying assumptions, conceptual distinctiveness and application areas. To create new theoretical and practical insights, the paper explores how consumption stewardship unfolds when a person enters into and lives in restricted consumption. A 2‐year qualitative study, which included observation, casual conversations, and interviews, was implemented. Findings illustrate the nature and trajectory of consumption stewardship across latent, vigilant, submissive and shared modes. Our conceptual development of consumption stewardship and empirical evidence of the homeless experiences makes two main contributions. First, we show how the demands of stewarding material objects operate as a powerful determinant for individual (re)valuation of various possessions. Second, we identify how consumption stewardship drives different ways of consumption for value seeking. Findings offer insights for debates in the marketplace about protecting one's possessions, policies around consumption adequacy and social services' role for addressing space‐related needs of vulnerable consumers.
Genomic integration to identify molecular biomarkers associated with indicator traits of gastrointestinal nematode resistance in sheep
Authors: Berton Mariana Piatto , da Silva Rosiane Pereira , Banchero Georgget , Mourão Gerson Barreto , Ferraz Jose Bento Sterman , Schenkel Flavio Schramm , Baldi Fernando 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to integrate GWAS and structural variants to propose possible molecular biomarkers related to gastrointestinal nematode resistance traits in Santa Inês sheep. The phenotypic records FAMACHA, haematocrit, white blood cell count, red blood cell count, haemoglobin, platelets and egg counts per gram of faeces were collected from 700 naturally infected animals, belonging to four Brazilian flocks. A total of 576 animals were genotyped using the Ovine SNP12k BeadChip and were imputed using a reference population with Ovine SNP50 BeadChip. The GWAS approaches were based on SNPs, haplotypes, CNVs and ROH. The overlapping between the significant genomic regions detected from all approaches was investigated, and the results were integrated using a network analysis. Genes related to the immune system were found, such as ABCB1, IL6, WNT5A and IRF5. Genomic regions containing candidate genes and metabolic pathways involved in immune responses, inflammatory processes and immune cells affecting parasite resistance traits were identified. The genomic regions, biological processes and candidate genes uncovered could lead to biomarkers for selecting more resilient sheep and improving herd welfare and productivity. The results obtained are the start point to identify molecular biomarkers related to indicator traits of gastrointestinal nematode resistance in Santa Inês sheep.
Atypical action updating in a dynamic environment associated with adolescent obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Marzuki Aleya A. , Vaghi Matilde M. , Conway‐Morris Anna , Kaser Muzaffer , Sule Akeem , Apergis‐Schoute Annemieke , Sahakian Barbara J. , Robbins Trevor W. 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundComputational research had determined that adults with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) display heightened action updating in response to noise in the environment and neglect metacognitive information (such as confidence) when making decisions. These features are proposed to underlie patients’ compulsions despite the knowledge they are irrational. Nonetheless, it is unclear whether this extends to adolescents with OCD as research in this population is lacking. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the interplay between action and confidence in adolescents with OCD.MethodsTwenty‐seven adolescents with OCD and 46 controls completed a predictive‐inference task, designed to probe how subjects’ actions and confidence ratings fluctuate in response to unexpected outcomes. We investigated how subjects update actions in response to prediction errors (indexing mismatches between expectations and outcomes) and used parameters from a Bayesian model to predict how confidence and action evolve over time. Confidence–action association strength was assessed using a regression model. We also investigated the effects of serotonergic medication.ResultsAdolescents with OCD showed significantly increased learning rates, particularly following small prediction errors. Results were driven primarily by unmedicated patients. Confidence ratings appeared equivalent between groups, although model‐based analysis revealed that patients’ confidence was less affected by prediction errors compared to controls. Patients and controls did not differ in the extent to which they updated actions and confidence in tandem.ConclusionsAdolescents with OCD showed enhanced action adjustments, especially in the face of small prediction errors, consistent with previous research establishing ‘just‐right’ compulsions, enhanced error‐related negativity, and greater decision uncertainty in paediatric‐OCD. These tendencies were ameliorated in patients receiving serotonergic medication, emphasising the importance of early intervention in preventing disorder‐related cognitive deficits. Confidence ratings were equivalent between young patients and controls, mirroring findings in adult OCD research.
Effects of web‐based learning for nurses on their care for pregnant women with hiesho (sensitivity of hands or feet to cold): A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nakamura Sachiyo , Takeuchi Shoko , Hoshino Takahiro , Okubo Naoko , Horiuchi Shigeko 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimHiesho is a condition characterized by having a cold sensation in the hands or feet (i.e., sensitivity of the hands or feet to cold). This condition is common among Japanese women and is an important health problem. In this study, we aimed to evaluate a hiesho intervention program for nurses called “Preventing Hiesho: Intervention Program for Educating Nurses” in terms of its effectiveness in improving the knowledge and perceptions of nurses about the importance of hiesho care.MethodsA total of 130 nurses from Japanese hospitals and clinics providing prenatal care participated in our randomized controlled trial. Sixty‐eight nurses participated in the “Preventing Hiesho: Intervention Program for Educating Nurses” for 2 weeks (intervention group). Sixty‐two nurses received a pamphlet on hiesho care (control group). The responses of the participants to the questionnaire survey were collected by postal mail. An intention‐to‐treat analysis of the results was conducted.ResultsOne week after the implementation of the web‐based learning program, the scores of knowledge and perceptions of the importance of administering hiesho care were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group.ConclusionsA 2‐week web‐based learning program for educating nurses on preventing hiesho significantly improved their knowledge and perceptions of the importance of hiesho care.
Steroid profiling in brain and plasma of adult zebra finches following traumatic brain injury
Authors: Gray Sofia L. , Soma Kiran K. , Duncan Kelli A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious health concern and a leading cause of death. Emerging evidence strongly suggests that steroid hormones (estrogens, androgens, and progesterone) modulate TBI outcomes by regulating inflammation, oxidative stress, free radical production, and extracellular calcium levels. Despite this growing body of evidence on steroid‐mediated neuroprotection, very little is known about the local synthesis of these steroids following injury. Here, we examine the effect of TBI on local neurosteroid levels around the site of injury and in plasma in adult male and female zebra finches. Using ultrasensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), we examined estrogens, androgens, and progesterone in the entopallium and plasma of injured and uninjured animals. Three days after injury, elevated levels of 17β‐estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), and testosterone (T) were detected near injured brain tissue with a corresponding increase in E2 also detected in plasma. Taken together, these results provide further evidence that TBI alters neurosteroid levels and are consistent with studies showing that neurosteroids provide neuroprotection following injury.
Association between placental location and neonatal outcomes in manual fundal pressure‐assisted vaginal deliveries: A retrospective single‐center study in Japan
Authors: Kamijo Kyosuke , Shigemi Daisuke , Kaszynski Richard H. , Nakajima Mikio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimManual fundal pressure (MFP) is still used to assist vaginal deliveries during the second stage of labor in predominantly lower‐middle income countries; however, there is insufficient evidence on the risk factors in MFP‐assisted vaginal deliveries for adverse neonatal outcomes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between placental location and neonatal outcomes in MFP‐assisted vaginal deliveries.MethodsThe present study was a single‐center retrospective cohort study in patients with all MFP‐assisted vaginal singleton deliveries from January 2016 to December 2020. Placental location was divided into two categories: posterior‐lateral and anterior‐fundal. The primary outcome was a neonatal adverse composite including umbilical artery blood pH <7.2, Apgar score <7 at 5 min, neonatal intensive care unit admission and neonatal resuscitation. We used multivariable logistic regression models to investigate the association between placental location and neonatal outcomes.ResultsWe extracted 522 MFP‐assisted deliveries among 5053 vaginal deliveries. The proportion of posterior‐lateral and anterior‐fundal placentation was 239 (45.8%) and 283 (54.2%), respectively. The crude prevalence of neonatal composite outcome in the anterior‐fundal group was significantly higher than that in the posterior‐lateral group (39.6% vs. 28.9%; p = 0.013). Multivariable logistic regression analysis found that the prevalence of neonatal adverse outcome in the anterior‐fundal group was significantly higher compared with the posterior‐lateral group (adjusted odds ratio, 1.52; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–2.23).ConclusionAnterior‐fundal placentation was significantly associated with an increased risk of neonatal adverse outcomes compared to posterior‐lateral placentation in MFP‐assisted vaginal deliveries.
Round ligament suspension and vaginal purse‐string suture: Newly optimized techniques to prevent tumor spillage in laparoscopic radical trachelectomy for cervical cancer
Authors: Xu Miaochun , Huo Chuying , Huang Chunxian , Liu Yunyun , Ling Xiaoting , Xu Guocai , Lin Zhongqiu , Lu Huaiwu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to investigate the surgical techniques and clinical feasibility of nonuterine manipulator and enclosed colpotomy to avoid cancer cell spillages in laparoscopic radical trachelectomy (LRT) for patients with early‐stage cervical cancer.MethodsWe performed the newly optimized surgical techniques of round ligament suspension and vaginal purse‐string suture in LRT in 12 patients with early‐stage cervical cancer from May 2019 to October 2020. Surgical information and postoperative results were recorded.ResultsAll 12 patients successfully underwent LRT with round ligament suspension and vaginal purse‐string suture, and no conversion to laparotomy was required. The median operation time was 268.5 min (range 200–320 min), including 5 min of round ligament suspension, and the median blood loss was 20 mL (range 5–50 mL). The median number of pelvic lymph nodes removed was 27 (range 19–35), and median amounts of paracervical tissue was 24 mm (range 21–26 mm) and vaginal tissue was 18 mm (range 16–26 mm). No intraoperative complication or serious postoperative complications were reported.ConclusionRound ligament suspension and vaginal purse‐string suture techniques are feasible and effective in LRT. They can replace uterine manipulator and unprotected colpotomy with satisfactory perioperative outcomes.
Antitrust Limits on Patent Settlements: A New Approach*
Authors: Hovenkamp Erik , Lemus Jorge 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPatent settlements between rivals restrain competition in many different ways. Antitrust requires that their anticompetitive effects are reasonably commensurate with the firms' expectations about (counterfactual) patent litigation. Because these expectations are private and non‐verifiable, this standard is hard to administer; to date, it has been successfully applied only within a very narrow class of agreements. We show that it can be applied universally by policing the economic structure of the firms' contract. This approach determines whether settlement outcomes will be antitrust‐compliant for any private beliefs the firms might have, thus avoiding the need to speculate about such beliefs.
What will it take to increase breastfeeding?
Authors: Hernández‐Cordero Sonia , Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe introduction for the Supplement in Maternal & Child Nutrition: What will it take to increase breastfeeding? describes the contribution of each of the articles included in this Supplement to the current evidence about the major structural challenges in place to overcome to improve breastfeeding practices, as well as the evidence‐based policies and interventions that can be effective at advancing breastfeeding on a large scale to promote, protect and support breastfeeding.
Isavuconazole therapeutic drug monitoring in critically ill ICU patients: A monocentric retrospective analysis
Authors: Höhl Rainer , Bertram Ralph , Kinzig Martina , Haarmeyer Golo‐Sung , Baumgärtel Matthias , Geise Arnim , Muschner Dorothea , Prosch Doris , Reger Mira , Naumann Hans‐Theodor , Ficker Joachim H. , Kubitz Jens , Steinmann Joerg , Sörgel Fritz 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe broad‐spectrum triazole isavuconazole is used for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis. Data regarding human plasma concentrations in clinical routine of the drug are rare.ObjectivesPlasma concentrations of isavuconazole were determined in critically ill ICU patients while considering different patients' characteristics.MethodsRetrospective analysis of isavuconazole plasma concentrations were obtained as part of routine therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of ICU patients with invasive aspergillosis or other fungal infections treated with isavuconazole. Plasma levels 0–4 h after last dosing were defined as peak levels (Cmax), those 20–28 h after last dosing as trough levels (Cmin).ResultsOverall, 223 isavuconazole levels of 41 patients were analysed, divided into 141 peak levels and 82 trough levels. The overall median Cmax was 2.36 μg/ml (mean 2.43 μg/ml, range 0.41–7.79 μg/ml) and the overall median Cmin was 1.74 μg/ml (mean 1.77 μg/ml, range 0.24–4.96 μg/ml). In total, 31.7% of the Cmin values of the total cohort were below the plasma target concentrations of 1 μg/ml, defined as EUCAST antifungal clinical breakpoint for Aspergillus fumigatus. Both peak and trough plasma levels of isavuconazole were significantly lower among patients with a body mass index (BMI) ≥25. In addition, a significant correlation was observed between isavuconazole trough levels and sepsis‐related organ failure assessment (SOFA) score.ConclusionsThis study shows that isavuconazole plasma concentrations vary in critical ill ICU patients. Significantly lower isavuconazole levels were associated with elevated BMI and higher SOFA score indicating a need of isavuconazole TDM in this specific patient population.
Mindful eating: what we know so far
Authors: Tapper Katy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMindful eating is increasingly being used to try to promote healthy eating and weight management. However, the term refers to a diverse set of practices that could have quite different effects on behaviour. This narrative review provides a guide to the concept of mindful eating as well as a comprehensive overview of research in the area. This includes the ways in which mindful eating has been operationalised and measured as well as evidence for effects and potential mechanisms of action. The research reviewed suggests that multi‐component mindfulness‐based interventions may be beneficial for disordered eating and weight management, but it is unclear whether these benefits exceed those obtained by alternative treatments. Some studies suggest that specific mindful eating strategies may have immediate effects on eating, but more research is needed to reach any definitive conclusions. These studies also suggest that effects may vary depending on the characteristics of the individual and/or the specific eating context. As such, research may ultimately point towards a more personalised approach to the application of mindful eating in order to maximise benefits. Finally, mindful eating interventions for children represent a relatively new area of research and there is currently insufficient evidence to draw any firm conclusions about their value. To advance both our understanding and effective application of mindful eating, more experimental research with high levels of methodological rigour is needed as well as research that explores underpinning mechanisms of action.
Children with functional abdominal pain disorders successfully decrease FODMAP food intake on a low FODMAP diet with modest improvements in nutritional intake and diet quality
Authors: Narayana Vishnu , McMeans Ann R. , Levy Rona L. , Shulman Robert J. , Chumpitazi Bruno P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe sought to determine how a low fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide, and polyol (FODMAP) diet (LFD) affected high FODMAP food intake, nutrient intake, and diet quality in children with functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPD).MethodsChildren (ages 7–13 years) with Rome IV FAPD began a dietitian‐guided LFD. Three‐day food records were captured at baseline and 2–3 weeks into the LFD. Intake of high FODMAP foods, energy, macronutrients, micronutrients, food groups, and ultra‐processed foods were determined.Key resultsMedian age of participants was 11 years, and 19/31 (61%) were female. Twenty‐eight (90%) decreased high FODMAP food intake on the LFD: overall median (25–75%) high FODMAP foods/day decreased from 5.7 (3.6–7.3) to 2 (0.3–3.7) (p < 0.001). A more adherent subset (n = 22/71%) of participants consumed on average ≤3 high FODMAP foods per day during the LFD. Baseline nutritional intake and quality were generally poor with several micronutrient deficiencies identified. Diet quality improved on the LFD with increased servings of vegetables and protein and decreased consumption of ultra‐processed foods, trans‐fatty acids, and added sugars. On the LFD, there were significant decreases in total carbohydrates and thiamin (remained within recommended intake) and significant increases in vitamin B6 (p = 0.029), vitamin C (p = 0.019), and vitamin E (p = 0.009). Children more adherent to the LFD further increased vitamin D, magnesium, potassium, and fat servings.Conclusions and InferencesThe majority of children with FAPD on a dietitian‐led LFD successfully decreased high FODMAP food intake. Children with FAPD on the LFD (vs. baseline) modestly improved micronutrient intake and diet quality.