bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into the regulation of podocyte and glomerular function by lactate and its metabolic sensor G‐protein‐coupled receptor 81
Authors: Grochowalska Klaudia , Pikul Piotr , Piwkowska Agnieszka 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPodocytes and their foot processes are an important cellular layer of the renal filtration barrier that is involved in regulating glomerular permeability. Disturbances of podocyte function play a central role in the development of proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy. The retraction and effacement of podocyte foot processes that form slit diaphragms are a common feature of proteinuria. Correlations between the retraction of foot processes and the development of proteinuria are not well understood. Unraveling peculiarities of podocyte energy metabolism notably under diabetic conditions will provide insights into the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Intracellular metabolism in the cortical area of podocytes is regulated by glycolysis, whereas energy balance in the central area is controlled by oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. High glucose concentrations were recently reported to force podocytes to switch from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, resulting in lactic acidosis. In this review, we hypothesize that the lactate receptor G‐protein‐coupled receptor 81 (also known as hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 81) may contribute to the control of podocyte function in both health and disease.
Innovative dual‐function protective scope mask and filtration system for aerosol generating ENT scope procedures
Authors: Chew Hui Sing , Tan Marcus , Sanchalika Acharyya , Tan Gabriel , Ho Eu Chin , Ang Brenda Sze Peng , Agrawal Rupesh , Yeo Seng Beng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundAerosol‐generating procedures (AGPs), such as nasoendoscopy, are considered high‐risk during the COVID‐19 pandemic due to risk of virus aerosol transmission. We aim to evaluate the efficacy of an innovative system in reduction of aerosol contamination.MethodsPilot study involving 15 healthy volunteers performing aerosol‐generating activities with the prototype, compared with and without a standard surgical mask.ResultsWe found an increased frequency of smaller‐sized particle emissions for all four expiratory activities. The particle emission rate with the prototype mask was significantly slower over time for the smallest sized particle (0.3 μm) during breathing, speaking and singing compared with similar activities without the mask (p < .05). We found similar trends for coughing for larger particles but that did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionThe innovation offers good protection against aerosol transmission through the physical barrier of the mask, the negative pressure environment within the mask, and the unit's dual filtration function.Level of evidenceLevel 2b.
Extensive Molecular Dynamics Simulations Disclosed the Stability of mPGES‐1 Enzyme and the Structural Role of Glutathione (GSH) Cofactor
Authors: Di Micco Simone , Lauro Gianluigi , Bifulco Giuseppe 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA deep in silico investigation of various microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase‐1 (mPGES‐1) protein systems is here reported using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Firstly, eight different proteins models (Models A−H) were built, starting from the active enzyme trimer system (Model A), namely that bound to three glutathione (GSH) cofactor molecules, and then gradually removing the GSHs (Models B−H), simulating each of them for 100 ns in explicit solvent. The analysis of the obtained data disclosed the structural role of GSH in the chemical architecture of mPGES‐1 enzyme, thus suggesting the unlikely displacement of this cofactor, in accordance with experimentally determined protein structures co‐complexed with small molecule inhibitors. Afterwards, Model A was submitted to microsecond‐scale molecular dynamics simulation (total simulation time=10 μs), in order to shed light about the dynamical behaviour of this enzyme at atomic level and to obtain further structural features and protein function information. We confirmed the structural stability of the enzyme machinery, observing a conformational rigidity of the protein, with a backbone RMSD of ∼3 Å along the simulation time, and highlighting the strong active contribution of GSH molecules due to their active role in packing the protein chains through a tight binding at monomer interfaces. Furthermore, the focused analysis on R73 residue disclosed its role in solvent exchange events, probably excluding its function as route for GSH to enter towards the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, in line with the recently reported function of cap domain residues F44‐D66 as gatekeeper for GSH entrance into catalytic site.
Determinants of burnout among nurses and midwives at a tertiary hospital in Ghana: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Opoku Douglas Aninng , Ayisi‐Boateng Nana Kwame , Mohammed Aliyu , Sulemana Alhassan , Gyamfi Abigail Owusuwaa , Owusu Dominic Kwabena , Yeboah Dorothy , Spangenberg Kathryn , Ofosu Hilda Maria , Edusei Anthony Kwaku 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimThis study determined the prevalence and key determinants of burnout among nurses and midwives in Kumasi, Ghana.DesignHospital‐based cross‐sectional study.MethodA questionnaire was used to obtain data from 391 nurses and midwives at a tertiary hospital in Kumasi, Ghana using simple random sampling.ResultsAbout 84.4% of the participants were females. The majority of the study participants experienced low burnout for all dimensions (58% in emotional exhaustion, 55.5% poor personal accomplishment and 38.3% depersonalization). Multiple regression analysis revealed that high emotional exhaustion was independently predicted by post‐graduate education (β = 6.42, p = .003), lack of support from management (β = 2.07, p = .024), dislike for leadership style, (β = 3.54, p < .001) and inadequate number of staff (β = 2.93, p = .005). Age (β = 0.35, p = .004), lack of support from management (β = 1.60, p = .012), and inadequate number of staff (β = 1.49, p = .034) independently predicted high depersonalisation. Female sex (β = 4.36, p < .001) and years of practice (β = −0.26, p < .001) independently predicted low personal accomplishment.
Spatial distribution of Annonaceae across biomes and anthromes: Knowledge gaps in spatial and ecological data
Authors: Erkens Roy H. J. , Blanpain Laetitia M. P. , Carrascosa Jara Inma , Runge Katharina , Verspagen Nadja , Cosiaux Ariane , Couvreur Thomas L. P. 
Published: September 2022

Societal Impact StatementThe United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration underlines the importance of understanding how different taxa are affected by human induced, global changes in ecosystems. Here, we investigate if this impact can be quantified for the globally distributed tropical plant group Annonaceae (Soursop family) using distributional data and International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List assessments. We find that even for a taxonomically well‐studied tropical plant family such as Annonaceae, little is known about the true distribution and ecological requirements of, and threats to, species in this group. We discuss several improvements in data collection that should enable more in‐depth analyses in the future.Summary

The Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations (UN), formulated with the overarching aims to end poverty and protect the planet, are also aimed at implementing sustainable management of all types of forests, to stop deforestation and to restore degraded forests. This led to the declaration of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. To meaningfully restore ecosystems, it is important to increase our understanding on the distribution of taxa and obtain insight in how different taxa are affected by human induced, global changes in ecosystems.
Here, we investigate if this impact can be quantified for the globally distributed tropical plant group Annonaceae (Soursop family) using spatial data and International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List assessments. Insight is gained in how Annonaceae are distributed over biomes and anthropogenic biomes (anthromes) and how threatened Annonaceae are based on their distribution.
We find that even for a taxonomically well‐studied group such as Annonaceae, very little is known about the true distribution and ecological requirements of, and threats, to species.
We urge to invest in (1) the exploration of ecological requirements of species in relation to their genetic patterns, in order to understand the impact of ecosystems changes, (2) research on distributional patterns in a temporal framework as the available data collected over decades might not reflect current distributions over biomes and anthromes well and (3) high‐quality spatial data collection that should adhere to the Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability and Reuse (FAIR) data principles, so that the quality of spatial analyses as well as IUCN Red List assessments will increase.
Highly Efficient Heterogeneous Photo‐Fenton‐Like Catalyst of e‐Fe2O3/SiO2/Attapulgite with Rich Oxygen Vacancies for Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants
Authors: Zhang Lijing , Ding Rui , Mao Chen , Guo Tan , Xue Xiaoxiang , Bi Lingling , Yan Bin , Zhang Zhihao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHeterogeneous photo‐Fenton oxidation is a promising solution to solve the problem of environmental pollution. Due to the low efficiency of the Fe2O3 photo‐Fenton catalyst, we loaded Fe2O3 on the catalyst carrier of attapulgite (ATP) to obtain more active sites. Oxygen vacancies were introduced on the surface of the catalyst to improve the separation efficiency of photogenerated charges. The oxygen‐vacancy‐rich e‐Fe2O3/SiO2/ATP Fenton‐like photocatalyst was successfully synthesized by simple strategies. The oxygen vacancies were successfully introduced to the surface of the e‐Fe2O3/SiO2/ATP catalyst by a solvothermal method, and verified by XPS, Raman and EPR spectra. The e‐Fe2O3/SiO2/ATP Fenton‐like photocatalyst shows excellent photocatalytic degradation activity of MB and RhB. 96 % of RhB was degraded by e‐Fe2O3/SiO2/ATP with light in 60 min, and 95 % of MB was degraded by e‐Fe2O3/SiO2/ATP with light in 60 min. Therefore introducing surface oxygen vacancies is an effective strategy to future improve the catalytic activity of photo‐Fenton like catalysts.
Water‐dispersible Gadolinium Oxide Nanoplates as an Effective Positive Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent
Authors: Thi Thuy Khue Nguyen , Thanh Tam Le Thi , Thanh Dung Ngo , The Tam Le , Xuan Chung Nguyen , Thi Ngoc Linh Nguyen , Dinh Vinh Nguyen , Minh Quy Bui , Trong Lu Le 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) nanoplates have been successfully synthesized by thermal decomposition method in the presence of oleic acid and oleylamine as surfactants. As a result, the nanoplates have average edge length and thickness around 10 nm and 1.1 nm, respectively. The hydrophobic OA/OM capped Gd2O3 nanoplates were encapsulated with amphiphilic poly (maleic anhydride‐alt‐1‐octadecene) polymer (PMAO) for phase transfer into aqueous media. The obtained Gd2O3@PMAO showed a hydrodynamic size of 32 nm with good dispersion in water solvent and stable in wide range of pH (pH=2÷11) and at electrolyte concentrations as high as NaCl 380 mM. In addition, the in vitro toxicity tests confirmed the biocompatibility of Gd2O3@PMAO nanoplates. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) result exhibited the r1 of Gd2O3@PMAO nanoplates (16.95 mM−1s−1) is four times higher than that of clinically used Gd‐DTPA. These results suggest that the PMAO coated ‐Gd2O3 nanoplates are potential T1 contrast agents for in vivo MRI application.
Release Characteristic and Antioxidant Activity of 4‐Hydroxybenzoic Acid (4HB) from Sodium Alginate and Polyvinyl Alcohol‐based Hydrogel
Authors: Muangsri Rapeepan , Chuysinuan Piyachat , Thanyacharoen Thanyaluck , Techasakul Supanna , Sukhavattanakul Pongpat , Ummartyotin Sarute 
Published: September 2022

Abstract1, 3 and 5 %wt of 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid (4HB) was successfully loaded into sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol‐based hydrogel composite for enhancement of antioxidant activities. Hydrogel was prepared by freeze thaw technique. No crosslinking agents were employed. Fourier transform infrared and X‐ray diffraction technique revealed that no significant change of functional group and crystallinity was observed when 4HB was loaded. By using freeze thaw technique, microstructural properties were well packed as reported by scanning electron microscope. Due to small amount of 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid, thermal characteristic was presented in the similar feature compare to pristine hydrogel. Differential scanning calorimetry exhibited that the glass transition and melting temperatures were reported to be 90 °C and 225 °C, respectively. However, tensile strength was slightly reduced by loading 4HB. The swelling behavior was very rapidly increased at the initial stage and then it was stable. Antioxidant activities were observed by means of DPPH assay. It was important to note that 4HB loaded into sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol‐based hydrogel exhibited outstanding properties to be candidate as food additives to help prevent food deterioration.
An enhanced reversible image steganography using distributive Tian's method
Authors: Malarvizhi N , Priya R , Bhavani R 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the concept of image encryption and data concealing has become a major area of research that significantly improves the secure communication of images with hidden data in them. The usage of the cloud has been outstanding in several aspects so as its security to ensure privacy over the data stored in it. The concept of reversible image steganography is one such stream where the cloud users are highly relying upon the privacy of the data, they store in the cloud servers. The reversible image steganography has the potential to recover the original image from the stego‐image once the embedded data is extracted. In this research work, an effective distributive Tian's method is proposed to embed the data onto an encrypted image without degrading the performance of the encrypted image. The cross‐verification of lossless image steganography can be identified when the original image is getting extracted from the encrypted image. The result of the proposed method ensures that the distributive Tian's method outperforms the recent state‐of‐art methods. The proposed method is deployed onto six different images in different aspects to ensure its significance.
Comparison of Properties of Films Prepared from Potato Starch Modified by Annealing and Heat–Moisture Treatment
Authors: Dutta Ditimoni , Sit Nandan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study modified potato starches using hydrothermal treatment, i.e., annealing (ANN) and heatmoisture treatment (HMT). ANN in the ratio (1:2) of potato starch and water at 60 °C is performed for a day. For HMT, native starch is exposed to 110 °C maintained at 20% moisture content (M.C.) for 8 h. Potato bio‐films (native and modified) are prepared by solution casting method using glycerol as a plasticizer. The properties of native and modified starches along with developed films are evaluated. HMT‐modified starches showed lower solubility (10.5%), lower swelling power (21.2 g g−1), lower freeze‐thaw stability, and exhibited non‐Newtonian fluid behavior. Films produced from HMT starch have decreased solubility (13.57%), WVP (0.20 g mm m−2 h−1 kPa−1), and enhanced mechanical properties (7.62 MPa tensile strength, elongation of 11.36%, and seal strength 4.06 MPa) compared to annealed and native starch films. ANN starch increased the elongation (9.36%) with lower solubility (17.31%) and WVP (0.65 g mm m−2 h−1 kPa−1) of the starch films compared to the native starch. Also, the result shows that the potato starch‐based films biodegraded within 15 days. The developed biodegradable packaging films could meet various packaging requirements using physically modified potato starch which has better film forming properties and is also eco‐friendly.
Applicability of the diffusion of innovation theory to accelerate model‐based systems engineering adoption
Authors: Call Daniel R. , Herber Daniel R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSystems engineering (SE) is an interdisciplinary domain that can benefit from incorporating contributions from fields not typically associated with technical disciplines, including integrating relevant research from social sciences. The study of innovation has produced the diffusion of innovation theory, which identifies variables that affect the adoption rate of innovations. Of these variables, the perceived attributes of the innovation have been shown to have the most significant impact on the adoption rate of innovations. Shaping the innovation attributes of relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, and observability and how they are perceived can accelerate its adoption rate. This theory has the potential to accelerate the adoption rate of SE innovations. Model‐based systems engineering (MBSE) is an SE innovation that, despite its benefits, has not been adopted generally. An evaluation of the attributes of MBSE as defined by the diffusion of innovation theory can aid in understanding its slow diffusion and inform methods to accelerate its adoption. Since there is some evidence to suggest that this theory is applicable to SE and MBSE, additional research should be conducted to determine the best way to utilize its principles.
First detection and characterisation of sub‐genotype XIII.2.1 Newcastle disease virus isolated from backyard chickens in Iran
Authors: Hejazi Zahra , Tabatabaeizadeh Seyed‐Elias , Toroghi Reza , Farzin Hamidreza , Saffarian Parvaneh 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundNewcastle disease (ND) is an economically significant poultry disease worldwide. During field surveillance for ND in 2010 in Iran, a backyard chicken flock showed clinical signs of ND with 100% mortality.ObjectivesWe aimed to characterise genetically, biologically and epidemiologically an exotic virulent ND virus (NDV) detected in Iran.MethodsAfter observing high mortality, dead birds were sampled and then disposed of by burial, and the chicken house was disinfected. Tissue samples were molecularly tested for NDV. The genetic homogeneity of the isolate RT30/2010 was tested by plaque assay, and then a large virus plaque was used for the second step of plaque purification. Fusion and matrix complete genes were sequenced and used for genotyping and epidemiological tracing. We tested biological pathotypes using mean death time (MDT) and intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) assays.ResultsThe isolate formed heterogeneous plaques in chicken embryo fibroblast cells. The second step of plaque purification produced homogeneous and large plaques. Phylogenetic analysis using both genes classified the virus into sub‐genotype XIII.2.1. Nucleic acid and amino acid identities of RT30/2010 fusion gene with the closest available isolate SPVC/Karachi/NDV/43 are 97.95% and 98.73%, respectively. Isolate has 112RRRKRF117 motif at the fusion cleavage site, and pathogenicity tests showed MDT of 56.4 h and ICPI of 1.85.ConclusionsThis study presents the first detection and characterisation of a velogenic NDV of sub‐genotype XIII.2.1 from Iran. Our follow‐up surveillance for ND shows that timely virus detection and carcass management have led to the cessation of virus transmission in Iran.
Phylogenetic analysis and genotyping of Iranian infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) based on the glycoprotein gene
Authors: Ziafati Kafi Zahra , Ghalyanchilangeroudi Arash , Nikaein Donya , Marandi Amin , Rahmati‐Holasoo Hooman , Sadri Naser , Erfanmanesh Ahmad , Enayati Ala 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundInfectious haematopoietic necrosis (IHN) is known as one of the most contagious systemic viral diseases in salmonids which can lead to significant mortality rates and negative impacts on the salmonid farming industry. Infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) was first detected in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farms in Iran in 2003.ObjectivesWe conducted the present study to determine the detection of IHN genotypes in rainbow trout (O. mykiss) in farms in the central parts of Iran, using molecular and phylogenetic techniques.MethodsSamples were collected from fries exhibiting clinical signs such as darkening of the skin, abdominal swelling, and loss of appetite. Phylogenetic analysis was performed by the neighbour‐joining method, using MEGA 5.1 software. For phylogenetic analysis and genotyping of IHNV from central parts of Iran, the sequences of the glycoprotein gene were determined for two Iranian isolates (Jahad‐UT1 and Jahad‐UT2).ResultsPhylogenetic analysis revealed that the detected strains (Jahad‐UT1 and Jahad‐UT2 isolates) are closely related (97.23%–100%) to European isolates within genogroup ‘E’.ConclusionsThis finding indicates that Jahad‐UT1 and Jahad‐UT2 isolates have been widely transferred to Iran from European countries. Moreover, the nucleotide diversity of these Iranian isolates showed a close relationship with the North American and Asian isolates, although the Iranian isolates were collected from a smaller geographical area and within a shorter time period between 2014 and 2015.
Nerve root signature in a cat: Presentation and treatment following acetabular fracture stabilisation and sacral fracture displacement
Authors: Pilot Mariette A. , Langley‐Hobbs Sorrel J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNerve root signature presents as discomfort and lameness in a single limb related to disease involving the spinal nerve roots or spinal nerve itself. It has been well described in dogs with disc protrusion or herniation. In this case, a 10‐month‐old, female, entire Bengal cat presented with nerve root signature and deterioration in ability to ambulate following acetabular fracture repair. The cat was reluctant to move and markedly uncomfortable on even gentle manipulation of the pelvic limb. A right sacral wing fracture was suspected to be compressing the right L7–S1 nerve root on computed tomography. Revision surgery was performed to remove the fragment, and the cat gradually made a full recovery. Compression of nerve roots L7–S1 by sacral fractures causing nerve root signature should be considered in cats presenting non‐ambulatory and exquisitely uncomfortable after surgery.