bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
94 Common Social Determinants of Health as Independent Predictors of Adverse Childhood Experiences and the Derivation of a Clinical Prediction Rule: Findings from a Longitudinal Quality Improvement Study
Authors: Carwana Matthew , Oberg Sara , Loock Christine 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are a group of early life events that lead to toxic stress and adverse adult health outcomes. Screening for ACEs can be challenging due to sensitivity and re-traumatization. There is a paucity of evidence regarding whether other social determinants of health (SDoH) might be independent predictors of an ACE score &gt;=4. Likewise, no effective prediction rule exists for an elevated ACE score based on SDoH in children.

Objectives
1) Identify independent predictors of elevated ACE score from commonly screened SDoH.
2) Derive a clinical prediction rule based on the available data.

Design/Methods
Data were drawn from a longitudinal quality improvement SDoH study in pediatric surgical clinics at a provincial children’s hospital. Primary outcome of interest was an ACE score &gt;=4. Multivariable logistic regression was utilized to identify independent predictors among other SDoH. Prediction methods and ROC analyses were completed to derive a prediction rule.

Results
515 respondents answered ACE screening; 63 (12.2%) reported &gt;=4 ACEs. SDoH that were strong independent predictors of ACE score &gt;=4 included poverty (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.19-4.91), parental education (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.17-6.54), and household income (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.09-4.32). Housing status, Indigenous status, and disability status were not associated with elevated ACE score. A clinical prediction rule derived using four SDoH questions with a cut-off score of 1 had 96.67% sensitivity but only 21.54% specificity for an ACE score &gt;=4 (AROC 0.75, 95% CI 0.69-0.81).

Conclusion
Several adverse SDoH were identified as independent predictors of an ACE score &gt;=4 in children. A clinical prediction rule based on SDoH screening was sensitive but poorly specific for ACE &gt;=4. Further research is required.
95 Prevalence and Characterization of Food Insecurity in a Canadian Paediatric Emergency Department
Authors: MacBain Elspeth , Marjerrison Stacey , Wahi Gita , Eltorki Mohamed , Pardhan Alim , Ngo Quang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Food insecurity (FI), defined as inadequate or insecure access to food, is a key determinant of child health. FI is associated with a number of adverse physical, psychological and developmental health outcomes and increased emergency department (ED) use. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated financial hardship faced by many families with an unprecedented rise in use of charitable food programs.

Objectives
We sought to determine the prevalence of FI among pediatric ED visits during the COVID-19 pandemic, compare this to pre-pandemic rates, and describe associated risk factors.

Design/Methods
From September to December 2021, families presenting to a tertiary Canadian paediatric ED were asked to complete a survey screening for FI with a validated two-item questionnaire, along with socio-demographic and child health information. Results were compared to data collected in 2012. Multivariable logistic regression was used to measure associations with FI.

Results
In 2021, 26% (n=173/665) of families identified as food insecure compared to 22.7% in 2012 (n=146/644), which was not statistically different (3.3%, 95% CI [-1.4%, 8.1%]). When the definition of FI is expanded to include use of charitable food assistance, the prevalence increased to 29.2%.
In univariate analysis, FI was significantly associated with lack of primary care, caregivers born outside of Canada, status other than Canadian citizenship, having a child with a chronic medical condition, having financial strain related to medical expenses and reason for the ED visit being the child’s chronic condition.
In multivariable analysis, only having more children in the home (OR 1.19, 95% CI [1.01, 1.41]), financial strain from medical expenses (OR 5.31, 95% CI [3.45, 8.18]) and lack of primary care access (OR 1.27, 95% CI [1.08, 1.51]) remained independent predictors of FI.
Approximately half (48.5%) of food insecure families reported use of food charity, most commonly food banks (31.7%), while one-quarter (26%) received help from family or friends. Food insecure families indicated their preferred means of support in hospital would be free/low cost meals and financial assistance with medical expenses.

Conclusion
Greater than one in four families attending a Canadian tertiary pediatric ED screened positive for FI. FI was independently associated with lack of access to primary care, financial strain related to medical expenses, and greater number of children in the household. Further research is necessary to examine the effect of support interventions for families admitted to medical care facilities and financial support for chronic conditions.
Mild allergic airways responses to an environmental mixture increase cardiovascular risk in rats
Authors: Farraj Aimen K , Martin Brandi L , Schladweiler Mette C , Miller Colette N , Smoot Jacob , Williams Wanda , Fisher Anna , Oshiro Wendy , Tennant Alan , Martin W Kyle , Henriquez Andres R , Grindstaff Rachel , Gavett Stephen H , Gilmour M Ian , Kodavanti Urmila P , Hazari Mehdi S , Dye Janice A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Recent epidemiological findings link asthma to adverse cardiovascular responses. Yet, the precise cardiovascular impacts of asthma have been challenging to disentangle from the potential cardiovascular effects caused by asthma medication. The purpose of this study was to determine the impacts of allergic airways disease alone on cardiovascular function in an experimental model. Female Wistar rats were intranasally sensitized and then challenged once per week for 5 weeks with saline vehicle or a mixture of environmental allergens (ragweed, house dust mite, and Aspergillus fumigatus). Ventilatory and cardiovascular function, measured using double-chamber plethysmography and implantable blood pressure (BP) telemetry and cardiovascular ultrasound, respectively, were assessed before sensitization and after single and final allergen challenge. Responses to a single 0.5 ppm ozone exposure and to the cardiac arrhythmogenic agent aconitine were also assessed after final challenge. A single allergen challenge in sensitized rats increased tidal volume and specific airways resistance in response to provocation with methacholine and increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and keratinocyte chemoattract-growth-related oncogene characteristic of allergic airways responses. Lung responses after final allergen challenge in sensitized rats were diminished, although ozone exposure increased BALF IL-6, IL-13, IL-1 β, and interferon-γ and modified ventilatory responses only in the allergen group. Final allergen challenge also increased systolic and mean arterial BP, stroke volume, cardiac output, end-diastolic volume, sensitivity to aconitine-induced cardiac arrhythmia, and cardiac gene expression with lesser effects after a single challenge. These findings demonstrate that allergic airways responses may increase cardiovascular risk in part by altering BP and myocardial function and by causing cardiac electrical instability.
Adverse Surgical Outcomes Linked to Co-occurring Smoking and Risky Alcohol Use Among General Surgery Patients
Authors: Fernandez Anne C. , Bohnert Kipling M. , Bicket Mark C. , Weng Wenjing , Singh Kushal , Englesbe Michael 
Published: October 2022

Objective:
To assess associations between co-occurring preoperative smoking and risky alcohol use on the likelihood of adverse surgical outcomes.

Background:
Risky alcohol use and smoking are the known surgical risk factors with a high co-occurrence and additive adverse effects on multiple organ systems that impact surgical health, yet no research has evaluated the impact of co-occurrence on surgical outcomes.

Methods:
This investigation analyzed 200,816 patients from the Michigan Surgical Quality Collaborative database between July 1, 2012, to December 31, 2018. Patients were classified based on past year risky alcohol use (>2 drink/day) and cigarette smoking into 4 groups: (1) risky alcohol and smoking, (2) risky alcohol only, (3) smoking only, and (4) no risky alcohol/smoking. We fitted logistic regression models, applying propensity score weights incorporating demographic, clinical, and surgical factors to assess associations between alcohol and smoking and 30-day postoperative outcomes; surgical complications, readmission, reoperation, and emergency department (ED) visits.

Results:
Risky alcohol and smoking, risky alcohol only, and smoking only were reported by 2852 (1.4%), 2840 (1.4%), and 44,042 (22%) patients, respectively. Relative to all other groups, the alcohol and smoking group had greater odds of surgical complications, readmission, and reoperation. Relative to the no alcohol and smoking group, the alcohol only group higher odds of reoperation and smoking only group had higher odds of emergency department visits.

Conclusions:
The combination of smoking and risky drinking conferred the highest likelihood of complications, readmission, and reoperation before surgery. Co-occurring alcohol and smoking at the time of surgery warrants special attention as a patient risk factor and deserves additional research.
Hephaestia mangrovi sp. nov., a novel endophytic bacterium isolated from Aegiceras corniculatum
Authors: Ma Xiao , Tuo Li , Yan Xiaorui , Gao Xinghong , Chen Mingsheng 
Published: October 2022

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated CMS5P-6T, was isolated from a surface-sterilized bark of Aegiceras corniculatum collected from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China, and investigated by a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. Strain CMS5P-6T was found to grow optimally with 0–1 % (w/v) NaCl, at 30 °C and pH 6.0–7.0. Substrate mycelia and aerial mycelia were not formed, and no diffusible pigments were observed on the media tested. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain CMS5P-6T showed high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.7 % to

Hephaestia caeni

DSM 25527T and Sphingomonas colocasiea CC-MHH0539T. The average nucleotide identity, digital DNA–DNA hybridization and average amino acid identity values between strain CMS5P-6T and

H. caeni

DSM 25527T were 78.0, 21.7 and 70.8 %, respectively. The average nucleotide identity, digital DNA–DNA hybridization and average amino acid identity values between strain CMS5P-6T and S. colocasiea JCM 31229T were 74.0, 19.9 and 61.4 %, respectively. Phylogenomic analyses based on genome sequences showed that strain CMS5P-6T and

H. caeni

DSM 25527T formed a distinct cluster within the family

Sphingomonadaceae

and far away from S. colocasiea JCM 31229T. The DNA G+C content of strain CMS5P-6T was determined to be 65.6 mol%. The cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and ubiquinone Q-10 was identified as the respiratory lipoquinone. The polar lipids were found to comprise diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingoglycolipid and two unidentified aminolipids, and the major fatty acids were identified as C18 : 1
ω7c, C19 : 0 cycloω8c and C16 : 0. On the basis of phylogenetic, genomic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain CMS5P-6T can be concluded to represent a novel species of the genus

Hephaestia

, for which the name Hephaestia mangrovi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CMS5P-6T (=JCM 33125T=CGMCC 1.13868T).
Limibaculum sediminis sp. nov., isolated from mangrove sediment
Authors: Huang Yuhan , Liu Lirui , Li Jiayi , Pan Jie , LI Meng 
Published: October 2022

A Gram-stain-negative, cream-coloured, aerobic, motile and ovoid- to rod-shaped bacterium, designated as FT325T, was isolated from mangrove sediment collected in Shenzhen, PR China. The taxonomic position of strain FT325T was established by phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic analyses. Strain FT325T grew optimally at 37–40 °C and pH 6.0 in the presence of 0 % (w/v) NaCl. Results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain FT325T was most similarly related to

Limibaculum halophilum

CAU 1123T (96.2 %),

Phaeovulum vinaykumarii

DSM 18714T (93.9%) and

Amaricoccus solimangrovi

HB 172011T (93.7 %). The major fatty acids (>10 %) were C18 : 1
ω7c (60.0 %) and 11-methyl C18 : 1
ω7c (16.7 %). The sole respiratory quinone was Q-10. The polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified glycolipid, three unidentified aminolipids and three unidentified phospholipids. Its estimated genome size was 4 318 768 bp and the genomic DNA G+C content was 69.6 mol%. Based on its distinct phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain FT325T represents a novel species of the genus

Limibaculum

, for which the name Limibaculum sediminis sp. nov. is proposed (=MCCC 1K07397T=KCTC 92313T).
IL-21, inflammatory cytokines and hyper polarized CD8+T cells are central players in Lupus immune pathology
Authors: Sengupta Soumya , Bhattacharya Gargee , Mohanty Subhasmita , Shaw Shubham K , Jogdand Gajendra M , Jha Rohila , Barik Prakash K , Parida Jyoti R , Devadas Satish 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSystemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder, broadly characterized by systemic inflammation along with heterogeneous clinical manifestations, severe morbidity, moribund organ failure and eventual mortality. In our study, SLE patients displayed higher percentage of activated, inflamed and hyper polarized CD8+T cells, dysregulated CD8+T cell differentiation, significantly elevated serum inflammatory cytokines, higher accumulation of cellular ROS when compared to healthy controls. Importantly, these hyper inflammatory/hyper polarized CD8+T cells responded better to an anti-oxidant than to an oxidant. Terminally differentiated Tc1 cells also showed plasticity upon Oxidant/antioxidant treatment but was in contrast to the SLE CD8+T cell response. Our studies suggest that the differential phenotype and redox response of SLE CD8+T cells and Tc1 cells could be attributed to their cytokine environs during their respective differentiation and eventual activation environs. Polarisation of Tc1 cells with IL-21 drove hyper cytoxicity without hyper polarisation suggesting that SLE inflammatory environment could drive the extreme aberrancy in SLE CD8+T cell.
Prediction of Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Hospitalized Patients Using Machine Learning
Authors: Mintz Igor , Chowers Michal , Obolski Uri 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundCiprofloxacin is a widely used antibiotic that has lost efficiency due to extensive resistance. We developed machine learning (ML) models that predict the probability of ciprofloxacin resistance in hospitalized patients.MethodsData were collected from electronic records of hospitalized patients with positive bacterial cultures, during 2016-2019. Susceptibility results to ciprofloxacin (n=10,053 cultures) were obtained forE. coli, K. pneumoniae, M. morganii, P.aeruginosa, P. mirabilisandS. aureus. An ensemble model, combining several base models, was developed to predict ciprofloxacin resistant cultures, either with (gnostic) or without (agnostic) information on the infecting bacterial species.ResultsThe ensemble models’ predictions were well-calibrated, and yielded ROC-AUCs (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) of 0.763 (95%CI 0.634-0.785) and 0.849 (95%CI 0.799-0.921) on independent test-sets for the agnostic and gnostic datasets, respectively. Shapley additive explanations analysis identified that influential variables were related to resistance of previous infections, where patients arrived from (hospital, nursing home, etc.), sex, and recent resistance frequencies in the hospital. A decision curve analysis revealed that implementing our models can be beneficial in a wide range of cost-benefits considerations of ciprofloxacin administration.ConclusionsThis study develops ML models to predict ciprofloxacin resistance in hospitalized patients. The models achieved high predictive ability, were well calibrated, had substantial net-benefit across a wide range of conditions, and relied on predictors consistent with the literature. This is a further step on the way to inclusion of ML decision support systems into clinical practice.
Entrepreneurship and innovation efficiency: the moderating role of absorptive capacity
Authors: Qian Furong , Hong Jin , Yang Nana , Yuan Xiaoyong 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the relationship between entrepreneurship and innovation efficiency (IE), as well as the moderating role of absorptive capacity.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a sample of industrial enterprises from Chinese provinces from 2005 to 2016, and it tests the research questions using the method of stochastic frontier analysis.

Findings
The results of this study indicate that entrepreneurship promotes IE, and that absorptive capacity plays a positive moderating role. In addition, the effect of entrepreneurship on IE differs between the central and eastern regions and the western region.

Originality/value
This research provides direct policy implications by demonstrating the role of entrepreneurship and absorptive capacity in IE, thereby guiding corporate management practices and the formulation of government innovation and entrepreneurship policies.
Stakeholder experiential knowledge as evidence in redesigning health-care facilities for improved usability
Authors: Kpamma Zoya Evans , Agyefi-Mensah Stephen , Sadick Abdul-Manan 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
Evidence-based design (EBD) is traditionally limited to using empirical research findings based on randomized controlled trials. The purpose of this study is to explore stakeholder experiential knowledge as alternate credible evidence in redesigning health-care facilities for improved usability.

Design/methodology/approach
This research, based on critical participatory action research, involved a case study of redesign and post-occupancy evaluation (POE) of an emergency department (ED) at Holy Family Hospital, Techiman, Ghana. Observation, interviews and document analysis were used to collect data in the redesign and POE. The data was analyzed through directed content analysis.

Findings
Findings indicate that the redesign interventions, generated from stakeholder experiential knowledge, led to improved effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in the ED. This presents stakeholder experiential knowledge as alternate credible evidence in EBD. Furthermore, the POE revealed that open and flexible spatial arrangement, zoning care areas according to severity, and providing staff-support amenities are some redesign interventions for improving ED usability.

Practical implications
Compared to the hard and controlled nature of experimental research knowledge, the soft and fluid experiential knowledge of stakeholders could be more useful for health-care redesign process, especially in iteratively structuring design thinking and making choices.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to theory by validating and illustrating stakeholder experiential knowledge as credible evidence for EBD. Practically, it provides strategies, based on POE findings, for designing EDs to improve usability.
The colonization of Wikipedia: evidence from characteristic editing behaviors of warring camps
Authors: Morris-O'Connor Danielle A. , Strotmann Andreas , Zhao Dangzhi 
Published: October 2022

PurposeTo add new empirical knowledge to debates about social practices of peer production communities, and to conversations about bias and its implications for democracy. To help identify Wikipedia (WP) articles that are affected by systematic bias and hopefully help alleviate the impact of such bias on the general public, thus helping enhance both traditional (e.g. libraries) and online information services (e.g. Google) in ways that contribute to democracy. This paper aims to discuss the aforementioned objectives.Design/methodology/approachQuantitatively, the authors identify edit-warring camps across many conflict zones of the English language WP, and profile and compare success rates and typologies of camp edits in the corresponding topic areas. Qualitatively, the authors analyze the edit war between two senior WP editors that resulted in imbalanced and biased articles throughout a topic area for such editorial characteristics through a close critical reading.FindingsThrough a large-scale quantitative study, the authors find that winner-take-all camps exhibit biasing editing behaviors to a much larger extent than the camps they successfully edit-war against, confirming findings of prior small-scale qualitative studies. The authors also confirm the employment of these behaviors and identify other behaviors in the successful silencing of traditional medicinal knowledge on WP by a scientism-biased senior WP editor through close reading.Social implicationsWP sadly does, as previously claimed, appear to be a platform that represents the biased viewpoints of its most stridently opinionated Western white male editors, and routinely misrepresents scholarly work and scientific consensus, the authors find. WP is therefore in dire need of scholarly oversight and decolonization.Originality/valueThe authors independently verify findings from prior personal accounts of highly power-imbalanced fights of scholars against senior editors on WP through a third-party close reading of a much more power balanced edit war between senior WP editors. The authors confirm that these findings generalize well to edit wars across WP, through a large scale quantitative analysis of unbalanced edit wars across a wide range of zones of contention on WP.
Model of boron diffusion in silicon used for solar cell fabrication based on boric acid solutions
Authors: Filipowski Wojciech 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a model that allows determining the boron concentration profile in silicon based on duration and temperature of the diffusion process.

Design/methodology/approach
The model was developed on the basis of the Fick’s second law, which is fundamental for describing the diffusion process. The explicit scheme of the finite difference method was used in the conducted simulations. Results of measurements made using the secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) were used as template dopant concentration profiles. Solution of boric acid in ethanol is the dopant source for which this model was developed.

Findings
Based on the conducted simulations, it was proposed that besides the influence of electric field of ionized dopants, which is already described in literature, an appropriate factor reflecting the influence of the threshold concentration on the coefficient of diffusion of boron in silicone should also be introduced.

Originality/value
The developed model enables determination of the boron concentration profile in silicon consistent with the results of SIMS measurements. A factor taking into account the influence of threshold concentration on the coefficient of diffusion was introduced. The influence of concentration of boric acid in the dopant solution on the concentration profile was also considered.