bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of presentation, treatment and outcome in hypertensive emergency in dogs and cats: 15 cases (2003‐2019)
Authors: Beeston D. , Jepson R. , Cortellini S. 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesHypertensive emergency is well recognised in human medicine, yet there is limited veterinary evidence. This study aimed to determine the presentation, treatment and outcome in dogs and cats with hypertensive emergency.Materials and MethodsA retrospective case series of dogs and cats with hypertensive emergency identified as follows: acute history with non‐invasive Doppler systolic blood pressure greater than 180 mmHg and target organ damage including acute onset seizures, altered mentation with or without lateral recumbency or blindness. Data collected included signalment, history, physical examination and clinicopathological findings, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive treatment and outcome.ResultsSeven dogs and eight cats were included presenting with seizures (n=9), blindness (n=4), altered mentation with (n=2) or without (n=2) lateral recumbency. Median age was 9 years (range 1 to 15) and duration of clinical signs before presentation was 1.5 days (range 1 to 15). Median systolic blood pressure on presentation was 230 mmHg (range 190 to 300). Amlodipine was the most common first‐line agent (n=10), followed by hydralazine (n=4) and hypertonic saline (n=1). Aetiology of hypertensive emergency was acute kidney injury (n=9), idiopathic hypertension (n=3), hyperthyroidism (n=1), lymphoma (n=1) and suspected cutaneous and renal glomerular vasculopathy (n=1). Five cats and three dogs survived to discharge with an overall survival of 53.3%.Clinical SignificanceHypertensive emergencies had various presenting signs in this series. AKI was considered to be the cause of hypertension in the majority of patients. Further evaluation of treatment for hypertensive emergencies is warranted, considering almost half of the cases did not survive to discharge.
How much does sleep vary from night‐to‐night? A quantitative summary of intraindividual variability in sleep by age, gender, and racial/ethnic identity across eight‐pooled datasets
Authors: Messman Brett A. , Wiley Joshua F. , Yap Yang , Tung Yan Chi , Almeida Isamar M. , Dietch Jessica R. , Taylor Daniel J. , Slavish Danica C. 
Published: July 2022

SummaryHabitual sleep duration and efficiency vary widely by age, gender, and racial/ethnic identity. Despite growing research on the importance of night‐to‐night, intraindividual variability (IIV) in sleep, few studies have examined demographic differences in sleep IIV. The present study describes typical sleep IIV overall and by demographics among healthy sleepers. Eight datasets of healthy sleepers (N = 2,404; 26,121 total days of sleep data) were synthesised to examine age, gender, and racial/ethnic identity differences in sleep IIV measured via diaries, actigraphy, and electroencephalography (EEG). Sleep IIV estimates included the intraindividual standard deviation (iSD), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), coefficient of variation (CV), and a validated Bayesian Variability Model (BVM). There was substantial IIV in sleep across measurement types (diary, actigraphy, EEG) for both sleep duration (iSD: 85.80 [diary], 77.41 [actigraphy], 67.04 [EEG] minutes; RMSSD: 118.91, 108.89, 91.93 minutes; CV: 19.19%, 19.11%, 18.57%; BVM: 60.60, 58.20, 48.60 minutes) and sleep efficiency (iSD: 5.18% [diary], 5.22% [actigraphy], 6.46% [EEG]; RMSSD: 7.01%, 7.08%, 8.44%; CV: 5.80%, 6.27%, 8.14%; BVM: 3.40%, 3.58%, 4.16%). Younger adults had more diary and actigraphy sleep duration IIV. Gender differences were inconsistent. White and non‐Hispanic/Latinx adults had less IIV in sleep duration and efficiency compared to racial/ethnic minority groups. Even among healthy sleepers, sleep varies widely from night‐to‐night. Like mean sleep, there also may be disparities in IIV in sleep by demographic characteristics. Study results help characterise normative values of sleep IIV in healthy sleepers.
A novel mutation of the CLCN1 gene in a cat with myotonia congenita: Diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Woelfel Christian , Meurs Kathryn , Friedenberg Steven , DeBruyne Nicole , Olby Natasha J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCase DescriptionA 10‐month‐old castrated male domestic longhair cat was evaluated for increasing frequency of episodic limb rigidity.Clinical FindingsThe cat presented for falling over and lying recumbent with its limbs in extension for several seconds when startled or excited. Upon examination, the cat had hypertrophied musculature, episodes of facial spasm, and a short‐strided, stiff gait.DiagnosticsElectromyography (EMG) identified spontaneous discharges that waxed and waned in amplitude and frequency, consistent with myotonic discharges. A high impact 8‐base pair (bp) deletion across the end of exon 3 and intron 3 of the chloride voltage‐gated channel 1 (CLCN1) gene was identified using whole genome sequencing.Treatment and OutcomePhenytoin treatment was initiated at 3 mg/kg po q24 h and resulted in long‐term improvement.Clinical RelevanceThis novel mutation within the CLCN1 gene is a cause of myotonia congenita in cats and we report for the first time its successful treatment.
Googling for a veterinary diagnosis: A replication study using Google as a diagnostic aid
Authors: Allen E. Carley , Alpi Kristine M. , Schaaf George W. , Marks Steven L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to replicate in the veterinary context a BMJ study using Google to assist in diagnosis of complex cases.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo assess percentage of diagnoses identified using Google as a diagnostic aid in veterinary medicine.AnimalsNone; 13 cases in cats and 17 in dogs published in JAVMA.MethodsCross‐sectional survey of Google results from searches using keywords generated independently by a generalist and a specialist veterinarian who reviewed the published case history and diagnostic components while blind to the diagnosis. They offered diagnoses and generated up to 5 search strategies for each case. The top 30 Google results for each search were reviewed by the generalist to inform a final Google‐aided diagnosis. Both veterinarians' initial diagnoses and the Google‐aided diagnoses were compared with the published diagnoses.ResultsGoogle searching led to 52 diagnoses out of 60 possible. Twenty‐two (42%, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 29%‐55%) Google‐aided diagnoses matched the JAVMA diagnosis. This accuracy rate does not differ significantly from 58% (n = 15/26, 95% CI 38%‐77%) identified in the BMJ study. Google‐aided results were not statistically different from those achieved unaided by each veterinarian (33%, 95% CI 16%‐50%).Conclusions and Clinical ImportancePublished information found searching Google using keywords related to complicated or unusual cases could assist veterinarians to reinforce their initial diagnosis or consider other differential diagnoses. Search strategies using words representing either signs or the preliminary diagnoses can yield results useful to confirming a correct diagnosis.
A Genus/Species Account of Scale‐Degree Qualia
Authors: BRUSCHI MICHAEL 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTScale‐degree qualia are the fundamental building blocks of tonal cognition. Despite the recent flurry of scholarly activity surrounding their nature, certain conceptual entanglements persist. I argue that when scholars (and pedagogues) invoke the notion of scale degrees, they typically conflate two subcomponents of scale‐degree experience – which I call ‘generic scalar position’ and ‘specific modal character’ – and treat them as if they were one composite thing. In response, I propose an ordered‐triple notation for labelling scale degrees that insists on the representational separation of these two subcomponents, and I demonstrate through a series of analytical vignettes that conceiving of scale degrees in this manner can shed new light on a variety of common musical scenarios, from local tonicisations to large‐scale modulations to moments of tonal/modal ambiguity. This ordered‐triple notation is intentionally designed for a flexible domain of application, not just to European tonal music but also to Western popular music and more generally to any music in any of the seven diatonic modes.
When and how do we stop antifungal treatment for an invasive mould infection in allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplant recipients?
Authors: Roth Romain Samuel , Masouridi‐Levrat Stavroula , Giannotti Federica , Mamez Anne‐Claire , Morin Sarah , van Delden Christian , Chalandon Yves , Neofytos Dionysios 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundLimited data exist to describe end‐of‐treatment (EOT) parameters of antifungal therapy for invasive mould infections (IMI).MethodsIn a 10‐year cohort of consecutive adult allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplant recipients with proven/probable IMI, we describe treatment duration and patient profile at EOT.ResultsThere were 61 patients with 66 proven/probable IMI identified: 47/66 (71%) invasive aspergillosis (IA), 11/66 (17%) mucormycosis, and 8/66 (12%) other‐IMI. Excluding 5 (8%) patients lost to follow‐up, treatment was prematurely discontinued due to death or palliative care in 29/56 (51.8%) patients. Antifungal treatment was completed in 27 (48.2%) patients, for a median duration of 280 days (IQR: 110, 809): 258 (IQR: 110, 1905) and 307.5 (99, 809) days in IA and non‐IA IMI, respectively. Treatment was continued after 90 and 180 days in 43/56 (76.8%) and 30/56 (53.6%) patients, respectively. At EOT, most patients were not neutropenic (ANC: 2.12 G/L, IQR: 0.04, 5.3), with CD4+ counts at 99 cells/μl (IQR: 0, 759) and immunoglobulins at 5.6 g/L (IQR: 2.3, 10.6). Most patients (16/27, 59.3%) were not receiving steroids at EOT, while 14/27 (53.9%) were on another type of immunosuppression. Amongst 15 patients with imaging at EOT, 12 (80%) had complete/partial radiologic response. Any chart documentation or an infectious disease consultation on treatment discontinuation was observed in 12/56 (21%) and 11/56 (20%) patients, respectively.ConclusionsLong treatment courses are observed in patients with IMI, due to prolonged immunosuppression. Although immune reconstitution and radiological response were frequently observed at EOT, consistent documentation of treatment discontinuation based on well‐defined parameters is lacking.
Orthorexia nervosa is a concern in gastroenterology: A scoping review
Authors: Tuck Caroline J. , Sultan Nessmah , Tonkovic Matilda , Biesiekierski Jessica R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThere is concern that use of restrictive therapeutic diets, such as those used in disorders of the gut‐brain interaction (DGBI), may increase disordered eating. In this issue of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Burton Murray et al. and Peters et al. both demonstrate a high prevalence of disordered eating in patients with gastrointestinal conditions, particularly those with DGBI. Given these findings, it is likely that orthorexia is common in this patient group, although this was not directly examined in these studies. Orthorexia nervosa is described as an obsessive and unsafe focus on eating foods perceived as healthy. This mini‐review therefore focuses on orthorexia by conducting a scoping review, as per the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews, aimed to assess the prevalence of orthorexia, and associations between orthorexia and restrictive eating practices. While a wide range of orthorexia prevalence has been reported (0%–97%) across the 57 studies included, no studies assessed prevalence specifically in gastrointestinal conditions. Four of eight studies describing diseases associated with specific dietary patterns suggested that participants who followed a diet for “digestive issues” or “food intolerances” were at higher orthorexia risk. These results suggest that dietary modifications may be a factor contributing to orthorexia. Additionally, we provide a commentary on the clinical implications of the findings for gastrointestinal conditions including a clinical flow chart. Clinicians should consider if a restrictive diet is appropriate for individuals with DGBI and include screening for disordered eating prior to implementation of dietary modifications. Future prospective studies should evaluate orthorexia within this patient group.
Biogeographic history of a large clade of ectomycorrhizal fungi, the Russulaceae, in the Neotropics and adjacent regions
Authors: Hackel Jan , Henkel Terry W. , Moreau Pierre‐Arthur , De Crop Eske , Verbeken Annemieke , Sà Mariana , Buyck Bart , Neves Maria‐Alice , Vasco‐Palacios Aída , Wartchow Felipe , Schimann Heidy , Carriconde Fabian , Garnica Sigisfredo , Courtecuisse Régis , Gardes Monique , Manzi Sophie , Louisanna Eliane , Roy Mélanie 
Published: July 2022

Summary
The biogeography of neotropical fungi remains poorly understood. Here, we reconstruct the origins and diversification of neotropical lineages in one of the largest clades of ectomycorrhizal fungi in the globally widespread family Russulaceae.
We inferred a supertree of 3285 operational taxonomic units, representing worldwide internal transcribed spacer sequences. We reconstructed biogeographic history and diversification and identified lineages in the Neotropics and adjacent Patagonia.
The ectomycorrhizal Russulaceae have a tropical African origin. The oldest lineages in tropical South America, most with African sister groups, date to the mid‐Eocene, possibly coinciding with a boreotropical migration corridor. There were several transatlantic dispersal events from Africa more recently. Andean and Central American lineages mostly have north‐temperate origins and are associated with North Andean uplift and the general north–south biotic interchange across the Panama isthmus, respectively. Patagonian lineages have Australasian affinities. Diversification rates in tropical South America and other tropical areas are lower than in temperate areas.
Neotropical Russulaceae have multiple biogeographic origins since the mid‐Eocene involving dispersal and co‐migration. Discontinuous distributions of host plants may explain low diversification rates of tropical lowland ectomycorrhizal fungi. Deeply diverging neotropical fungal lineages need to be better documented.
Sucrose rather than GA transported by AtSWEET13 and AtSWEET14 supports pollen fitness at late anther development stages
Authors: Wang Jiang , Xue Xueyi , Zeng Houqing , Li Jiankun , Chen Li‐Qing 
Published: July 2022

Summary

Both sugar and the hormone gibberellin (GA) are essential for anther‐enclosed pollen development and thus for plant productivity in flowering plants. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) AtSWEET13 and AtSWEET14, which are expressed in anthers and associated with seed yield, transport both sucrose and GA. However, it is still unclear which substrate transported by them directly affects anther development and seed yield.

Histochemical staining, cross‐sectioning and microscopy imaging techniques were used to investigate and interpret the phenotypes of the atsweet13;14 double mutant during anther development. Genetic complementation of atsweet13;14 using AtSWEET9, which transports sucrose but not GA, and the GA transporter AtNPF3.1, respectively, was conducted to test the substrate preference relevant to the biological process.

The loss of both AtSWEET13 and AtSWEET14 resulted in reduced pollen viability and therefore decreased pollen germination. AtSWEET9 fully rescued the defects in pollen viability and germination of atsweet13;14, whereas AtNPF3.1 failed to do so, indicating that AtSWEET13/14‐mediated sucrose rather than GA is essential for pollen fertility.

AtSWEET13 and AtSWEET14 function mainly at the anther wall during late anther development stages, and they probably are responsible for sucrose efflux into locules to support pollen development to maturation, which is vital for subsequent pollen viability and germination.
Testing the association of relative growth rate and adaptation to climate across natural ecotypes of Arabidopsis
Authors: Fletcher Leila R. , Scoffoni Christine , Farrell Colin , Buckley Thomas N. , Pellegrini Matteo , Sack Lawren 
Published: July 2022

Summary

Ecophysiologists have reported a range of relationships, including intrinsic trade‐offs across and within species between plant relative growth rate in high resource conditions (RGR) vs adaptation to tolerate cold or arid climates, arising from trait‐based mechanisms. Few studies have considered ecotypes within a species, in which the lack of a trade‐off would contribute to a wide species range and resilience to climate change.

For 15 ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana in a common garden we tested for associations between RGR vs adaptation to cold or dry native climates and assessed hypotheses for its mediation by 15 functional traits.

Ecotypes native to warmer, drier climates had higher leaf density, leaf mass per area, root mass fraction, nitrogen per leaf area and carbon isotope ratio, and lower osmotic potential at full turgor. Relative growth rate was statistically independent of the climate of the ecotype native range and of individual functional traits.

The decoupling of RGR and cold or drought adaptation in Arabidopsis is consistent with multiple stress resistance and avoidance mechanisms for ecotypic climate adaptation and would contribute to the species’ wide geographic range and resilience as the climate changes.
Parasitic universes: Organisational and technological meddling in the social
Authors: Bailey Simon , Lenglet Marc , Lord Gemma , Pierides Dean , Tischer Daniel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDebates about technology theorising ‘the social’ solely ondyadicandfixed positionalterms fail to grasp important ways that new financial technologies participate in work organisations. As an alternative, we build on the work of Michel Serres to propose that these technologies already inhabittriadicandrelationalparasitic universes in which they introduce interruptions that do much more than mediate between degrees of technological and social determinism. To understand the forms of agency this affords, we analyse two contrasting studies of workplaces where financial technologies were introduced. In a UK non‐profit social care organisation, relations of care were fundamentally disrupted by disorderly, dysfunctional forms of agency, whereas in UK retail banking, management used disorder to strategically obscure their own agency. Technological innovation and ‘future of work’ narratives are shown to feed each other, in service to interests that benefit from the repurposing of technologies, people and organisations.
Advances in the observation and understanding of changes in sea level and tides
Authors: Woodworth Philip L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractClimate change, of which sea level change is one component, is seldom out of the news. This paper reviews developments in the measurement and understanding of changes in sea level and tides, focusing on the changes during the past century. The main aim has been to demonstrate how sea level and tidal science are now connected intimately with the fields of climate change and geodesy.
Computational study of ion permeation through claudin‐4 paracellular channels
Authors: Berselli Alessandro , Alberini Giulio , Benfenati Fabio , Maragliano Luca 
Published: July 2022

AbstractClaudins (Cldns) form a large family of protein homologs that are essential for the assembly of paracellular tight junctions (TJs), where they form channels or barriers with tissue‐specific selectivity for permeants. In contrast to several family members whose physiological role has been identified, the function of claudin 4 (Cldn4) remains elusive, despite experimental evidence suggesting that it can form anion‐selective TJ channels in the renal epithelium. Computational approaches have recently been employed to elucidate the molecular basis of Cldns’ function, and hence could help in clarifying the role of Cldn4. In this work, we use structural modeling and all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations to transfer two previously introduced structural models of Cldn‐based paracellular complexes to Cldn4 to reproduce a paracellular anion channel. Free energy calculations for ionic transport through the pores allow us to establish the thermodynamic properties driving the ion‐selectivity of the structures. While one model shows a cavity permeable to chloride and repulsive to cations, the other forms barrier to the passage of all the major physiological ions. Furthermore, our results confirm the charge selectivity role of the residue Lys65 in the first extracellular loop of the protein, rationalizing Cldn4 control of paracellular permeability.
Defensive mutualists affect outcross pollen transfer and male fitness in their host plant
Authors: Villamil Nora , Boege Karina , Stone Graham N. 
Published: July 2022

Ant guards can increase plant fitness by deterring herbivores, but they may also reduce it by interfering with pollination. While ant impacts on herbivory have been well‐studied, much less is known about their impacts on pollinators and associated consequences for plant pollination, particularly pollen transfer dynamics and outcrossing/selfing rates. We used field experiments to quantify the effect of ant guards on pollinator community composition, frequency and duration of flower visits, and cascading effects on outcrossing pollen transfer and pollen exports in Turnera velutina (Passifloraceae). Although ant patrolling did not affect pollinator community composition or visitation frequency, it decreased flower visit duration and the time pollinators spent foraging inside flowers. Such behavioural changes resulted in reduced pollen deposition on stigmas, decreased pollen exports (a proxy for male fitness) and significantly doubled outcross pollen transfer. This study contributes to our understanding of how non‐pollinator mutualists can shape plant reproductive processes. We discuss the downstream effects that variation in biotic defences, such as rewards for guarding ants, can have on plant pollen transfer patterns and fitness.In conclusion, guarding ants influence pollen transfer patterns in Turnera velutina, increasing outcrossing in a self‐compatible species at the cost of male fitness. We show how non‐pollinators, such as defensive ant mutualists, can shape plant reproductive traits and discuss the consequences these interactions may have for plant mating systems.
Anesthetic considerations in Dravet syndrome
Authors: Macdonald‐Laurs Emma , Corlette Sebastian , Davidson Andrew , Howell Katherine B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe describe a two‐year‐old boy with Dravet syndrome, a severe genetic epilepsy, who developed a generalized tonic–clonic seizure immediately following an intravenous bolus of lidocaine given for propofol pain amelioration during induction of anesthesia for emergency gastroscopy. Although lidocaine has not specifically been reported as potentiating seizures in Dravet syndrome, it is well‐established that sodium channel blockers can worsen seizures in this population.