bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of underutilization of preventive dental care by adult Medicaid participants
Authors: Okunev Ilya , Tranby Eric P. , Jacob Matt , Diep Vuong K. , Kelly Abigail , Heaton Lisa J. , Frantsve‐Hawley Julie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo ascertain the financial impact associated with the underutilization of preventive dental care for adults enrolled in Medicaid.MethodsWe used adult claims data for patients aged 21–64 in the IBM Watson Marketscan Medicaid database. Enrollees were included if they had at least one dental claim in 2019 and were continuously enrolled between 2014 and 2019. We then evaluated the costs of their dental care in 2019, based on the number of years of preventive dental care they received between 2014 and 2018. We also assessed Emergency Department (ED) utilization for dental conditions, oral surgeries, and dental‐related opioid prescriptions.ResultsThe average Medicaid enrollee with five continuous years of preventive care prior to 2019 experienced 43% lower costs than an individual who received no preventive dental care at all. Most of the savings were a result of fewer oral surgeries. A Medicaid enrollee with no preventive dental visits was eight times more likely to have an ED visit for a nontraumatic dental condition (NTDC), seven times more likely to have oral surgery and six times more likely to receive a dental‐related opioid prescription compared to those who had a dental prevention visit every year in the 5‐year lookback period.ConclusionsRegular preventive dental care in the lookback period was associated with significant savings in overall dental care costs when compared to dental care costs for those individuals who received no or few preventive visits. Prior preventive dental care was also associated with lower rates of ED‐NTDC utilization, oral surgery, and dental‐related opioid prescriptions.
Undoing structural racism in dentistry: Advocacy for dental therapy
Authors: Bianchi Tera , Wilson Kasey , Yee Albert 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLike other areas of health, structural racism has a deep impact on oral health and is a key driver of racial inequities in access to care and outcomes. Racism also structures the relationship between oral health and access to economic opportunities. As a result, communities of color, American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities, and low‐income populations experience the highest rates of the health, social, and economic costs of dental disease. This is compounded by issues of community‐level dental fear/trauma resulting from receiving itinerate care. Dentistry has long struggled to equitably distribute care and diversify its overwhelmingly white and affluent workforce, resulting in many communities not having access to providers who represent their identity and/or live in their community. While multi‐generational lack of access to dental care is not unique to Alaska, Alaska Native communities are the home to a reimagined, community‐centered care delivery system that is improving health outcomes. For almost two decades, AI/AN leaders have recruited and trained community members to serve as dental therapists—dental team members who offer routine and preventive care responsive to local geographic and cultural/community norms. As members of the communities they serve, dental therapists are fluent in the language and cultural norms of their patients, improving patient‐provider trust, access to care, and oral health outcomes. The communities that dental therapists serve are also now investing money and training in their community members, building educational opportunities, and professional wage jobs and directly countering the economic impact structural racism has on oral health.
Artificial urethral sphincter in male dogs with urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence: 19 cases (2010–2017)
Authors: Bohlen M. , Nickel R. 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveTo assess the outcome and safety of surgically placed artificial urethral sphincters in male dogs with urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence.Materials and MethodsWe included dogs with urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence treated by placing an artificial urethral sphincter from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2017. The continence score (scale 1 to 5, with 5 indicating complete continence) was evaluated before and after implantation. Follow‐up information was obtained from the institution's medical records (short‐term up to 12 months) and questionnaires were completed by telephone (long‐term ≥12 months) for evaluation.ResultsMedical therapy was unsuccessful in 18 dogs and unknown in one dog before the artificial urethral sphincter placement. Short‐term continence improved in 16 of the 19 (84%) dogs. Four patients were lost to follow‐up. Nine of 15 (60%) dogs showed long‐term continence improvement, eight of 15 (53%) remained completely continent. The median follow‐up was 1785 (range 2 to 3234) days. The complication rate was 56% (9/16). Minor complications, including haematoma, stranguria/temporary dyssynergia and mild inflammation at the port, were reported in four of 16 (25%) dogs. Five of 16 (31%) experienced major complications, including stranguria/mechanical urethral obstruction, persistent dyssynergia, fistula at the port and port rotation.Clinical SignificanceArtificial urethral sphincter placement is a valid option for treating incontinent male dogs that show an insufficient response or become refractory to medical or other prior surgical management. A high‐complication rate is associated with this procedure.
Tackling discrimination and systemic racism in academic and workplace settings
Authors: Cooper Brathwaite Angela , Versailles Dania , Juüdi‐Hope Daria , Coppin Maurice , Jefferies Keisha , Bradley Renee , Campbell Racquel , Garraway Corsita , Obewu Ola , LaRonde‐Ogilvie Cheryl , Sinclair Dionne , Groom Brittany , Grinspun Doris 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRacism against Black people, Indigenous and other racialized people continues to exist in healthcare and academic settings. Racism produces profound harm to racialized people. Strategies to address systemic racism must be implemented to bring about sustainable changes in healthcare and academic settings. This quality improvement initiative provides strategies to address systemic racism and discrimination against Black nurses and nursing students in Ontario, Canada. It is part of a broader initiative showcasing Black nurses in action to end racism and discrimination. We have found that people who have experienced racism need healing, support and protection including trauma‐related services to facilitate their healing. Implementing multi‐level, multi‐pronged interventions in workplaces will create healthy work environments for all members of society, especially Black nurses who are both clients/patients and providers of healthcare.
Maternal pre‐pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, and pubertal timing in daughters: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Zhou Jixing , Zhang Fu , Zhang Shanshan , Li Peixuan , Qin Xiaoyun , Yang Mengting , Teng Yuzhu , Huang Kun 
Published: January 2022

SummaryThe timing of daughter's puberty onset is constantly earlier. It is still unclear about the maternal pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) as important prenatal factors that may affect offspring's onset of puberty. Thus, we evaluated the association among maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI, GWG, and daughters' early pubertal development based on the existing literature. Literature review was conducted in different databases, including Web of Science, Pubmed, Wiley, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases up to June 2021. We selected random effects model or fixed effects model for meta‐analysis according to the I2 statistics value to obtain the summary measurement. A total of 12 cohort studies were included. Compared to maternal pre‐pregnancy normal weight, maternal pre‐pregnancy overall overweight/obesity (RR = 1.24; 95% CI 1.17 to 1.32), obesity (RR = 1.35; 95% CI 1.23 to 1.48), and overweight (RR = 1.17; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.26) were significantly associated with the increased risk of earlier timing of pubertal onset in daughters. Daughters born of mothers with pre‐pregnancy overall overweight/obesity, obesity, and overweight had earlier pubertal onset compared to those born of mothers with normal weight ([mean difference = −3.03, 95% CI: −3.97 to −2.10], [mean difference = −3.50, 95% CI: −5.38 to −1.62], and [mean difference = −2.89, 95% CI: −4.07 to −1.71], respectively). The effects were also significant in the assessed three milestones (menarche, breast development, and pubic hair development). Maternal excessive GWG increased the risk of early pubertal timing in daughters (RR = 1.19; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.30).
Living systematic review to assess the analgesic undertreatment in cancer patients
Authors: Roberto Anna , Greco Maria T. , Uggeri Sara , Cavuto Silvio , Deandrea Silvia , Corli Oscar , Apolone Giovanni 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and aimsThis living and systematic review aimed to provide an updated summary of the available evidence on pain undertreatment prevalence in patients with cancer; correlations with some potential determinants and confounders were also carried out.Materials and methodsWe updated a systematic review published on 2014, including observational and experimental studies reporting the use of the pain management index (PMI) in adults with cancer and pain, from 2014 to 2020. We conducted searches in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Google Scholar. We performed univariate and multivariable regression analyses to describe the relationship between PMI and a list of potential explanatory variables.ResultsTwenty new papers were identified, yielding a total sample size of 66 studies. The proportion of patients classified as undertreated according to the year of study publication shows a higher decrease from 1994 to 2013 (−13% as relative change) than the most recent years 2014–2020 (−11%). The quality of the included studies has increased over the years (from 80% to 93%). At the multivariable analysis, a statistically significant relationship was confirmed between undertreatment and the year of the publication of the study and with a low–medium economic level of the countries, where the studies were conducted.DiscussionDespite the improvement when compared to the period 1994–2000, still about 40% of the cases identified received an analgesic treatment inadequate to the intensity of pain, according to the PMI. Despite its intrinsic limitations, PMI continues to be widely used, and it could allow a continuous monitoring of pain management across a different mix of studies and patients.
Bullous impetigo‐like irritant contact dermatitis caused by perfume
Authors: Zhong Lian‐Sheng , Huang Bing‐Qing , Tang Wen‐Tao , Zhuo Zhi‐Qiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractContact dermatitis usually presents as erythematous macules, papules, and vesicles. Sometimes, unusual clinical presentations of contact dermatitis are reported, including pustular, lymphomatoid, lichenoid, and pigmented variants. We describe the first patient with bullous irritant contact dermatitis caused by perfume, mimicking impetigo lesions. We report this case to raise awareness concerning the possibility of serious cutaneous reactions, such as bullous impetigo‐like irritant contact dermatitis due to perfumes which are ubiquitous, especially after direct contact with the solution. Perfume ingredients, such as fragrance, solvents, and preservatives all may cause or contribute to irritant contact dermatitis.
Procedural Rationality in Westminster Systems: HowDe‐SeparationAffects the Decision Premise
Authors: Dowding Keith , Taflaga Marija 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWestminster administrative systems were characterized by a clear separation between the political careers and roles of elected ministers and career civil servants. The former set the values or aims of the organization; the latter utilize those values when generating policy ideas. This separation provides what H.A. Simon calls “procedural rationality.” The decision premise of public servants is (1) an apolitical commitment to government service, and (2) a commitment to advise on and implement the current government values, including expert advice using their personal and institutional memory and procedural knowledge. Using evidence from Australia and the United Kingdom, we track the de‐separation of political careers. Policy advice increasingly comes from outside the career public service, including politically appointed special advisors. Furthermore, senior politicians are increasingly drawn from the world of special and external advisors. De‐separation changes the decision premise of all actors, which we argue deleteriously affects the nature of policy formation.
Environmental norm diffusion and domestic legal innovation: The case of specialized environmental courts and tribunals
Authors: Angstadt J. Michael 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs international environmental law grows decentralized, it is increasingly important to understand how norms promoting new environmental law institutions diffuse. This article identifies the actor classes that are promoting a norm supporting the establishment of specialized environmental courts and tribunals. It first surveys existing literature on environmental and institutional norm diffusion for foundational insight. Using document review, expert surveys and elite interviews, the article identifies key actors who have sought to promote environmental court establishment. The findings affirm that environmental courts have been promoted by widely recognized agents of environmental norm diffusion, including intergovernmental organizations, regional organizations and nongovernmental organizations. However, the results also emphasize that global environmental norms reflect active engagement by domestic judges, courts and judicial networks. This finding holds broad theoretical relevance for legal transfer and norm dynamics research in global environmental governance. First, while domestic judges are widely recognized for implementing international environmental legal norms and contributing to the governance of specific environmental regimes, this study demonstrates a case where domestic judges' norm entrepreneurship has actively supported the global diffusion of an emergent institutional norm. Second, while institutional actors including intergovernmental organizations, regional organizations, nongovernmental organizations and judicial networks are known to directly advocate new environmental institutions, this article emphasizes that they also catalyse normative dialogue, intentionally facilitating exchanges among domestic judges and actors. Collectively, these insights support ongoing research examining what values domestic environmental courts may reflect and how domestic judges and courts support environmental norm diffusion, broadly. Finally, the interdisciplinary nature of these findings underscores the benefit and practice‐relevance of further integrating norm diffusion scholarship in international environmental law and global environmental politics.
Understanding and Addressing Gender‐Based Inequities in STEM: Research Synthesis and Recommendations for U.S. K‐12 Education
Authors: Kuchynka Sophie L. , Eaton Asia , Rivera Luis M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe draw from ecological systems and social psychological theories to elucidate macrosystem‐ and microsystem‐level variables that promote and maintain gender inequities in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). Because gender‐STEM stereotypes undermine girls’ (and women's), but boosts boys’ (and men's), STEM interest and success, we review how they operate in STEM learning environments to differentially socialize girls and boys and undermine gender integroup relations. We propose seven practice recommendations to improve STEM K‐12 education: (1) design relational classrooms, (2) teach the history of gender inequality and bias, (3) foster collaborative and cooperative classrooms, (4) promote active learning and growth mindset strategies, (5) reframing STEM as inclusive, (6) create near‐peer mentorship programs, and (7) re‐imagine evaluation metrics. To support these practice recommendations, three policy recommendations are posited: (1) increase teacher autonomy, training, and representation, (2) re‐evaluate standardized testing, and (3) reallocate and increase government funding for public schools.
Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Boudinot Brendon E. , Borowiec Marek L. , Prebus Matthew M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWithin the Formicidae, the higher classification of nearly all subfamilies has been recently revised given the findings of molecular phylogenetics. Here, we integrate morphology and molecular data to holistically address the evolution, classification, and identification of the ant genus Lasius, its tribe Lasiini, and their subfamily Formicinae. We find that the crown Lasiini originated around the end of the Cretaceous on the Eurasian continent and is divisible into four morphologically distinct clades: Cladomyrma, the Lasius genus group, the Prenolepis genus group, and a previously undetected lineage we name Metalasius gen.nov., with one extant species M. myrmidon comb. nov. and one fossil species, †M. pumilus comb. nov. The crown of the Lasius genus group is considerably younger than that of the Prenolepis genus group, indicating that extinction has played a major role in the evolution of the former clade. Lasius itself is divided into two well‐supported monophyletic groups, which are approximately equally speciose. We present evidence that temporary social parasitism and fungiculture arose twice independently in Lasius. In addition, we recover the paraphyly of three Lasius subgenera and propose replacing all subgenera with an informal species group classification: Lasius = Acanthomyops syn.rev., = Austrolasius syn.nov., = Cautolasius syn.nov., = Chthonolasius syn.nov., = Dendrolasius syn.nov. Total‐evidence analysis reveals that the Baltic‐region amber fossil species †Lasius pumilus and †Pseudolasius boreus are misplaced to genus; we, therefore, create Sussuido gen. nov. to accomodate †S. boreus comb. nov. and transfer †L. pumilus to Metalasius. Further, we transfer †Sussudio and †Glaphyromyrmex out of the Lasiini, considering the former to be incertae sedis in the subfamily, and the latter a member of the Formicini (tribal transfer). Two final taxonomic actions are deemed necessary: synonymy of Lasius escamole with Liometopum apiculatum syn.nov. (subfamilial transfer), and transfer of Paratrechina kohli to Anoplolepis (tribal transfer, forming A. kohli comb.nov.).ZooBank Article LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:016059BA‐33C3‐43B2‐ADAD‐6807DC5CB6D8Author ZooBank LSIDs: Borowiec: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:411B711F‐605B‐4C4B‐ABDB‐D4D96075CE48. Boudinot: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:919F03B0‐60BA‐4379‐964D‐A56EB582E16D. Prebus: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:1A6494C7‐795E‐455C‐B66F‐7F6C32F76584
Phylogeny and phylogeography of Diestramima cave crickets (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae): speciation driven by multiple dispersal and vicariance events
Authors: Zhu Qidi , Zhou Zhijun , Zheng Xiang , Wang Tao , Ma Lan , Shi Fuming 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCave crickets (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae) are an understudied family with poor dispersal abilities and broad distributions, which makes them ideal for investigations of historical biogeography. Within Rhaphidophoridae, Diestramima is the largest genus of the tribe Diestramimini, and most species are endemic to China. It was divided into three subgenera based only on morphological characteristics, and no molecular evidence has been previously reported. Here, we reconstruct the phylogeny and phylogeography of Diestramima based on three mitochondrial (COI, 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA) and two nuclear fragments (18S rRNA and 28S rRNA). A total of 114 samples representing 28 morphological species were sampled from China. Molecular phylogenies were reconstructed using Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood and four approaches (ABGD, jMOTU, GMYC and bPTP) were employed to delimit species. Phylogenetic analyses highly supported the monophyly of Diestramima, but did not support the classification system consisting of three subgenera. Species delimitation methods suggested 28 species, among which six new species were described: Diestramima furcata Zhu & Shi sp. n., Diestramima spinata Zhu & Shi sp. n., Diestramima qionglaiensis Zhu & Shi sp. n., Diestramima taiwanensis Zhu & Shi sp. n., Diestramima longifolia Zhu & Shi sp. n., Diestramima sichuanensis Zhu & Shi sp. n. Divergence time estimation and reconstruction of ancestral areas indicated that Diestramima may have originated from Southern Yunnan at 17.72 Ma (95% highest probability density: 14.71–21.05 Ma) in the early Miocene. The initial divergence within the genus was likely to be correlated with geographical isolation. Most speciation events have occurred since the Pliocene, possibly driven by multiple dispersal and vicariance events and influenced by the uplift of the Himalaya–Tibetan plateau and climate change.ZooBank URL:
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D461A536‐6728‐4547‐9EC4‐AF56D3BB9000.
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5FA4075B‐4CD2‐43A5‐B109‐D32882CCF369.
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C3D02B4E‐1442‐456F‐BD59‐C811716F0704.
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E022BD2C‐8A69‐4C00‐B008‐129DE9ABB229.
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4E5552E4‐78CB‐498F‐ABB6‐98D56BEC6FBC.
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:480E002C‐4B82‐4F0D‐B421‐2AFD9F333333.
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:220EE409‐293B‐4ACC‐B853‐090EF226123D.
Oral vancomycin for Clostridioides difficile prophylaxis in allogenic hematopoietic cell transplant
Authors: Altemeier Olivia J. , Konrardy Kelsey T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundNeutropenia and antibiotic use put patients at risk for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) following allogenic hematopoietic cell transplant (alloHCT). CDI following alloHCT has been associated with acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD), a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in this population. We sought to evaluate if prophylactic oral vancomycin reduces the incidence of CDI in alloHCT recipients.MethodsWe conducted a single‐center retrospective chart review to compare the effectiveness of oral vancomycin prophylaxis versus no prophylaxis in alloHCT recipients at the University of Kansas Health System. Vancomycin for CDI prophylaxis was implemented in March of 2018 at the University of Kansas Health System. Review of 100 consecutive alloHCT patients before and after this implementation was used to compare outcomes. Patients received oral vancomycin 125 mg twice daily, starting on the day of inpatient admission for alloHCT and continued until discharge. The primary outcome is the incidence of CDI in patients with oral vancomycin prophylaxis compared to those who did not receive prophylaxis during hospital admission for alloHCT. The secondary endpoints include the incidence of acute grades 2–4 GVHD, and event‐free survival for each arm.ResultsEleven percent of patients developed CDI in the control group versus 2% of patients in the intervention group (p = .018). Oral vancomycin was not associated with a higher risk of acute GVHD grades 2–4 (36% vs. 38%; p = .77) at day 100 post transplant. No difference was seen in event‐free survival.ConclusionsOral vancomycin was associated with reduced CDI incidence in patients that underwent an alloHCT without negatively affecting posttransplant outcomes. The contribution of confounders cannot be excluded.