bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal variations in fire conditions are important drivers in the trend of aerosol optical properties over the south-eastern Atlantic
Authors: Che Haochi , Segal-Rozenhaimer Michal , Zhang Lu , Dang Caroline , Zuidema Paquita , Sedlacek III Arthur J. , Zhang Xiaoye , Flynn Connor 
Published: July 2022

Abstract. From June to October, southern Africa produces one-third of the global
biomass burning (BB) emissions by widespread fires. BB aerosols are
transported westward over the south-eastern Atlantic with the mid-tropospheric winds,
resulting in significant radiative effects. Ascension Island (ASI) is
located midway between Africa and South America. From June 2016 to October 2017, a 17-month in situ observation campaign on ASI found a low
single-scattering albedo (SSA) as well as a high mass absorption
cross-section of black carbon (MACBC), demonstrating the strong
absorbing marine boundary layer in the south-eastern Atlantic. Here we
investigate the monthly variations of critical optical properties of BB
aerosols, i.e. SSA and MACBC, during the BB seasons and the driving
factors behind these variations. Both SSA and MACBC increase from
June to August and decrease in September and October. The average SSA during
the BB seasons is 0.81 at 529 nm wavelength, with the highest mean
∼ 0.85 in October and the lowest ∼ 0.78 in
August. The absorption enhancement (Eabs) derived from the MACBC
shows similar trends with SSA, with the average during the whole of the BB seasons
at ∼ 1.96 and ∼ 2.07 in 2016 and 2017, respectively. As the
Eabs is higher than the ∼ 1.5 commonly adopted value by
climate models, this result suggests the marine boundary layer in the
south-eastern Atlantic is more absorbing than model simulations. We find the
enhanced ratio of BC to CO (ΔBC/ΔCO, equal to BC/ΔCO
as the BC background concentration is considered to be 0) is well correlated
with SSA and MACBC, providing a simple way to estimate the aerosol
optical characteristics in the south-eastern Atlantic. The exponential
function we proposed can approximate SSA and MACBC with BC/ΔCO, and when BC/ΔCO is small it can capture the rapid growth of SSA
as BC/ΔCO decreases. BC/ΔCO is influenced by combustion
conditions and aerosol scavenging. From the analysis of the location of BB, the primary source fuel, the water content in the fuel, combined
with the mean cloud cover and precipitation in the transport areas of the BB
plume, we conclude that the increase in BC/ΔCO from June to August
is likely to be caused by burning becoming more flaming. The reduction in
the water content of fuels may be responsible for the change in the burning
conditions from June to August. The decrease in BC/ΔCO in September
and October may be caused by two factors, one being a lower proportion of
flaming conditions, possibly associated with a decrease in mean surface wind
speed in the burning area, and the other being an increase in precipitation
in the BB transport pathway, leading to enhanced aerosol scavenging, which
ultimately results in an increase in SSA and MACBC.
Contrasting vertical distributions of recent planktic foraminifera off Indonesia during the southeast monsoon: implications for paleoceanographic reconstructions
Authors: Tapia Raúl , Ho Sze Ling , Wang Hui-Yu , Groeneveld Jeroen , Mohtadi Mahyar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Planktic foraminifera are widely used in paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic studies. The accuracy of such reconstructions depends on our understanding of the organisms' ecology. Here we report on field observations of planktic foraminiferal abundances (>150 µm) from five depth intervals between 0–500 m water depth at 37 sites in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean. The total planktic foraminiferal assemblage here comprises 29 morphospecies, with 11 morphospecies accounting for 90 % of the total assemblage. Both species composition and dominance in the net samples are broadly consistent with the published data from the corresponding surface sediments. The abundance and vertical distribution of planktic foraminifera are low offshore western Sumatra and increase towards offshore southern Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands (LSI). Average living depth of Trilobatus trilobus, Globigerinoides ruber, and Globigerina bulloides increases eastward, while that of Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, Pulleniatina obliquiloculata, and Globorotalia menardii remains constant. We interpret the overall zonal and vertical distribution patterns in planktic foraminiferal abundances as a response to the contrasting upper-water-column conditions during the southeast monsoon, i.e., oligotrophic and stratified offshore Sumatra (non-upwelling) vs. eutrophic and well mixed offshore Java–LSI (upwelling).
Overall, the inferred habitat depths of selected planktic foraminifera species show a good agreement with those from sediment trap samples and from surface sediments off Sumatra, but not with those from surface sediments off Java–LSI. The discrepancy might stem from the different temporal coverage of these sample types. Our findings highlight the need to consider how foraminiferal assemblages and ecology vary on shorter timescales, i.e., from “snapshots” of the water column captured by a plankton net to seasonal and interannual variability as recorded in sediment traps, and how these changes are transferred and preserved in deep-sea sediments.
A physical concept in the press: the case of the jet stream
Authors: Fonseca Xavier , Miguez-Macho Gonzalo , Cortes-Vazquez José A. , Vaamonde Antonio 
Published: July 2022

Abstract. In recent years, science has hardened the discourse on
the emergency of global warming, pointing out that the next decades will be
decisive to maintaining the stability of the climate system and, thus, avoiding a cascade effect of events that increase the average temperature above safe limits. The scientific community warns that there are different tipping points that could produce a chain reaction in the global climate. One of them is related
to the jet stream. However, despite the importance of this air current in
atmospheric dynamics in the Northern Hemisphere and the changes it is
experiencing in the context of global warming, the public is still not
familiar with this kind of physical concept nor with other much simpler concepts.
As concerns about the climate crisis rise, climate literacy remains
stagnant. To advance the learning of the science of climate change, in
general, and of concepts such as the jet stream, in particular, specific
scientific communication formats are required that can successfully tackle
the difficult task of explaining such complex problems to the general
public. These formats should be included in the media, as the characteristics of the formats (daily section, scientific dissemination, historic perspective, teleconnections and specialization) make them well suited to taking on the
challenge of explaining the complexity of climate science. In this article,
we present a communication proposal existent in a newspaper published in
Spain. We argue that this communication format represents a good model to
disseminate climate science, educate readers and even to make physical
concepts such as the jet stream accessible. We believe that this format
conforms to and complies with the enunciation of Article 12 of the Paris
Agreement, which calls on the signatory countries to promote education and
training on climate change.
Evaluation of a forest parameterization to improve boundary layer flow simulations over complex terrain. A case study using WRF-LES V4.0.1
Authors: Quimbayo-Duarte Julian , Wagner Johannes , Wildmann Norman , Gerz Thomas , Schmidli Juerg 
Published: July 2022

Abstract. We evaluate the influence of a forest parametrization on the simulation of the boundary layer flow over moderate complex terrain in the context of the Perdigão 2017 field campaign. The numerical simulations are performed using the Weather Research and Forecasting model in large eddy simulation mode (WRF-LES). The short-term, high-resolution (40 m horizontal grid spacing) and long-term (200 m horizontal grid spacing) WRF-LES are evaluated for an integration time of 12 h and 1.5 months, respectively, with and without forest parameterization. The short-term simulations focus on low-level jet events over the valley, while the long-term simulations cover the whole intensive observation period (IOP) of the field campaign. The results are validated using lidar and meteorological tower observations. The mean diurnal cycle during the IOP shows a significant improvement of the along-valley wind speed and the wind direction when using the forest parametrization. However, the drag imposed by the parametrization results in an underestimation of the cross-valley wind speed, which can be attributed to a poor representation of the land surface characteristics. The evaluation of the high-resolution WRF-LES shows a positive influence of the forest parametrization on the simulated winds in the first 500 m above the surface.
A comparison of hydrological models with different level of complexity in Alpine regions in the context of climate change
Authors: Carletti Francesca , Michel Adrien , Casale Francesca , Burri Alice , Bocchiola Daniele , Bavay Mathias , Lehning Michael 
Published: July 2022

Abstract. This study compares the ability of two degree-day models (Poli-Hydro and a hybrid degree-day implementation of Alpine3D) and one full energy-balance melt model (Alpine3D) to predict the discharge on two partly glacierized Alpine catchments of different size and intensity of exploitation, under present conditions and climate change as projected at the end of the century. For the present climate, the magnitude of snowmelt predicted by Poli-Hydro is sensibly lower than the one predicted by the other melt schemes, and the melting season is delayed by 1 month. This difference can be explained by the combined effect of the reduced complexity of the melting scheme and the reduced computational temporal resolution. The degree-day implementation of Alpine3D reproduces a melt season closer to the one obtained with its full solver; in fact, the onset of the degree-day mode still depends upon the full energy-balance solver, thus not bringing any particular benefit in terms of inputs and computational load, unlike with Poli-Hydro. Under climate change conditions, Alpine3D is more sensitive than Poli-Hydro, reproducing discharge curves and volumes shifted by 1 month earlier as a consequence of the earlier onset of snowmelt. Despite their benefits, the coarser temporal computational resolution and the fixed monthly degree days of simpler melt models like Poli-Hydro make them controversial to use for climate change applications with respect to energy-balance ones. Nevertheless, under strong river regulation, the influence of calibration might even overshadow the benefits of a full energy-balance scheme.
A tectonic-rules-based mantle reference frame since 1 billion years ago – implications for supercontinent cycles and plate–mantle system evolution
Authors: Müller R. Dietmar , Flament Nicolas , Cannon John , Tetley Michael G. , Williams Simon E. , Cao Xianzhi , Bodur Ömer F. , Zahirovic Sabin , Merdith Andrew 
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Understanding the long-term evolution of Earth's plate–mantle
system is reliant on absolute plate motion models in a mantle reference
frame, but such models are both difficult to construct and controversial. We
present a tectonic-rules-based optimization approach to construct a plate
motion model in a mantle reference frame covering the last billion years and
use it as a constraint for mantle flow models. Our plate motion model
results in net lithospheric rotation consistently below 0.25∘ Myr−1, in agreement with mantle flow models, while trench motions are
confined to a relatively narrow range of −2 to +2 cm yr−1 since 320 Ma, during
Pangea stability and dispersal. In contrast, the period from 600 to 320 Ma, nicknamed the “zippy tricentenary” here, displays twice the trench
motion scatter compared to more recent times, reflecting a predominance of
short and highly mobile subduction zones. Our model supports an orthoversion
evolution from Rodinia to Pangea with Pangea offset approximately
90∘ eastwards relative to Rodinia – this is the opposite sense of
motion compared to a previous orthoversion hypothesis based on paleomagnetic
data. In our coupled plate–mantle model a broad network of basal mantle
ridges forms between 1000 and 600 Ma, reflecting widely distributed
subduction zones. Between 600 and 500 Ma a short-lived degree-2 basal mantle
structure forms in response to a band of subduction zones confined to low
latitudes, generating extensive antipodal lower mantle upwellings centred at
the poles. Subsequently, the northern basal structure migrates southward and
evolves into a Pacific-centred upwelling, while the southern structure is
dissected by subducting slabs, disintegrating into a network of ridges
between 500 and 400 Ma. From 400 to 200 Ma, a stable Pacific-centred
degree-1 convective planform emerges. It lacks an antipodal counterpart due
to the closure of the Iapetus and Rheic oceans between Laurussia and
Gondwana as well as due to coeval subduction between Baltica and Laurentia
and around Siberia, populating the mantle with slabs until 320 Ma when
Pangea is assembled. A basal degree-2 structure forms subsequent to Pangea
breakup, after the influence of previously subducted slabs in the African
hemisphere on the lowermost mantle structure has faded away. This succession
of mantle states is distinct from previously proposed mantle convection
models. We show that the history of plume-related volcanism is consistent
with deep plumes associated with evolving basal mantle structures. This
Solid Earth Evolution Model for the last 1000 million years (SEEM1000) forms
the foundation for a multitude of spatio-temporal data analysis approaches.
Родиаполь и внутренняя Ликия в римско-ранневизантийское время
Authors: Веретенникова Екатерина Павловна 
Published: July 2022

Город Родиаполь расположен во внутренних районах юго-восточной части Ликии. Его археологический комплекс хорошо сохранился и в значительной мере исследован, что позволяет сделать выводы о его состоянии и развитии в римско-ранневизантийское время (от образования римской провинции Ликия в I в. до массовых миграций и арабских набегов в VII в.). Как и повсеместно в империи, период великого благоденствия (II – начало III вв.) привел к расцвету города и строительству его основного археологического комплекса. В римское время здесь и в остальной Ликии действовал Опрамоас (Опрамой) – один из крупнейших частных благотворителей (эвергетов) Римской империи. В ранневизантийское время начинается византинизация города, изменения в его топографии, связанные с глобальными историческими процессами. Город просуществовал без катастрофических потрясений до арабских набегов VII в. В настоящее время Родиаполь привлек внимание современных археологов и историков. На памятнике ведутся активные археологические исследования. Издана надпись Опрамоаса – один из крупнейших памятников римской эпиграфики.
Благодарности: работа выполнена под научным руководством профессора кафедры всеобщей истории НИУ «БелГУ», доктора исторических наук Болгова Николая Николаевича.
Венецианский посол Джакомо Соранцо о парламентах Франции 50-х гг. XVI в.
Authors: Третьякова Марина Владимировна 
Published: July 2022

В работе анализируется итоговый отчет (Relazione) венецианского посла Джакомо Соранцо, аккредитованного при дворе французского короля Генриха II в 1554–1558 гг. В центре внимания автора находится сюжет итогового отчета, посвященный парламентам Франции. Особое внимание в отчетах венецианских послов и, в частности, Джакомо Соранцо занимало освещение осуществления правосудия в тех странах, где они были аккредитованы. Донося своему правительству о ситуации во Франции в 1554–1558 гг., Джакомо Соранцо затронул и такой институт политической системы этой страны, как парламенты – высшие суды во Франции XV–XVIII вв. По его сведениям, их десять, среди них главным является Парижский парламент. Венецианец характеризует структуру парламента, его состав, полномочия, функции. Эта информация, приводимая послом, можно полагать, помогала венецианскому правительству быть в курсе специфики политического развития французского государства.
KAJIAN KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA SISWA PADA MATERI PERSAMAAN GARIS LURUS DI KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 6 PALANGKA RAYA
Authors: Hidayat Dina Damiyanti , Punding Walter , . Sugiharto 
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi rendahnya kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal persamaan garis lurus. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa pada materi persamaan garis lurus di kelas VIII-9 SMP Negeri 6 Palangka Raya. Jenis penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Pelaksanaan penelitian ini pada semester ganjil tahun 2021/2022. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII-9 SMP Negeri 6 Palangka Raya dari 33 siswa hanya 26 siswa yang mengikuti tes sedangkan 7 siswa lainnya tidak merespon dan sebagian beralasan tidak bisa menjawab soal tes kemudian dari 26 siswa diambil 3 siswa berkemampuan tinggi, sedang, dan rendah untuk diwawancarai. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes dan wawancara. Proses pengambilan data tes dan wawancara dilakukan secara daring menggunakan aplikasi WhatsApp Messanger. Tes berupa 5 butir soal cerita yang telah ditelaah oleh tiga orang raters yang terdiri dari dua orang dosen Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika Universitas Palangka Raya dan satu orang guru Matematika SMP Negeri 6 Palangka Raya dengan hasil bahwa semua butir soal dapat digunakan. Analisis data yang digunakan dengan cara reduksi, penyajian, dan penarikan kesimpulan.
Berdasarkan hasil analisis data kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal persamaan garis lurus dari 26 orang siswa diperoleh sebanyak 2 orang siswa memiliki kemampuan pemecahan masalah yang termasuk dalam kategori “tinggi”, 3 orang siswa termasuk dalam kategori “sedang”, dan 21 orang siswa termasuk ke dalam kategori “rendah”. Hasil yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini adalah: 1) kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa kategori tinggi, masalah dapat dipahami dan rencana penyelesaian dapat disusun dengan baik, dapat melaksanakan rencana penyelesaian dengan tepat, serta melihat kembali jawabannya; 2) kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa kategori sedang, masalah dapat dipahami dengan baik, rencana penyelesaian dapat disusun dengan baik namun kurang tepat melaksanakan rencana penyelesaian dan dapat melihat kembali jawabannya; 3) kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa kategori rendah, masalah dapat dipahami, belum dapat membuat rencana penyelesaian, dan tidak dapat melaksanakan rencana penyelesaian, serta tidak melihat kembali jawabannya.
Kata Kunci: Kajian Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah, Soal Cerita, Persamaan Garis Lurus.
Colonial Imaginations: Solitude in theCartas y Relacionesof Hernán Cortés
Authors: Valdivia Fernando Ismael Quiñones 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTCritiques leveled at epistemic decolonization call for a reorientation in theories of colonialism. The colonial imagination, a rhetorical tool that normalizes a sensible order of dispossession and appropriation, can be a reoriented site of contestation. By imagining an identity whose only means of relating is through opposition, the colonial imagination renders identities that inhabit a state of solitude. Two letters from Hernán Cortés to King Carlos V of Spain show how this colonial imagining aims to normalize dispossession and appropriation of the relations Originary peoples have with lands, waters, airs, and other-than-human relatives. Considering this argument, rhetorical studies needs to readjust its analytical timeframe beyond the times of settler-colonial nation-states and colonization.
Orchestrating Difference: The Address of Composite Audiences as Pluralist Rhetoric
Authors: Bruhn Tommy 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTSpeakers may argue in ways that facilitate cooperation, without really establishing unity. If emphasis is put on the word “composite” in composite audience, then the complementary act of addressing such an audience can be understood as an orchestration of different people, who may cooperate toward a conclusion. This brings attention to the multidimensionality of issues in pluralistic communities and the range of consequences proposals may have. Following Perelman’s and Olbrechts-Tyteca’s New Rhetoric, I discuss how the compositeness of such argumentation can be fruitfully approached pluralistically. I argue that proposals on practical issues imply concomitant situations, wherein audiences are assigned different roles to play toward the ends of argumentation. This means that rhetorical argumentation performs implicit diplomacy, with implications for different audiences and the relationships between them. I conclude this article by discussing what this pluralistic and interactional account means for the analysis and evaluation of arguments and their rhetoric.
Effectiveness of BASNEF model based intervention program on knowledge and self-care behaviors among hypertensive patients
Authors: Aly Azza Anwar , Sayed Hanaa Ibrahim. El , Gaballah Samia , Ibrahim Noha Mohammed Ibrahim 
Published: July 2022

Background: Hypertension is the major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases that recently increased in Egypt and African regions has the highest prevalence of hypertension which can be controlled by self-care. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of belief, attitude, subjective norm, and enabling factors (BASNEF) model on knowledge and self-care behaviours for hypertensive patients. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was conducted for this study (experimental /control group). Setting: The study was conducted at Damanhur University Hospital, Egypt. Sample: A purposive sample of 100 patients with hypertension was divided randomly and assigned into two groups (50 intervention groups and 50 control groups) from the beginning of September 2021 to the end of February 2022. Tools: two tools were used for data collection, tool I: A structured questionnaire designed based on the BASNEF model components. Tool II: checklist about patient's self-control behaviors concerning blood pressure control. Results: The mean total scores of all BASNEF Model components were significantly improved post-intervention in the experimental group compared to the control group (P < 0.001).