bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical Feminist Justpeace
Authors: Riddle Karie Cross 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Critical Feminist Justpeace draws on field research conducted in Manipur, India, among women’s peacebuilding groups between 2013 and 2015 to produce a gender-sensitive, grounded theory of change for local-level peace work. Employing tools from Brooke Ackerly’s approach to critical feminist methodology, this work treats women peacebuilders as political theorists who revise John Paul Lederach’s ideas about conflict transformation and its goal, justpeace, to better suit their experiences and their context. Critical feminist justpeace is an intersectional orientation toward conflict transformation that reduces structural power hierarchies and direct forms of violence, increases equitable justice outcomes across public and private life, and targets historically marginalized participants. This theory contributes to two scholarly literatures and aims to guide practice. It engages first with the feminist scholars and practitioners who work on the United Nations’ Women, Peace, and Security (WPS) agenda. While it represents a landmark international achievement, the WPS agenda is not appropriate for all contexts in which women pursue peace, for reasons ranging from global power relations to national political constraints to local and cultural differences. Peacebuilders in Manipur demonstrate what women can accomplish outside of the WPS agenda. Second, the theory engages with peace studies literatures on the local turn, away from top-down peacebuilding and toward ordinary people’s contributions to peace. The theory of critical feminist justpeace serves as a flexible guide for the women’s local work, helping them to address local hierarchies through their own ideas while they push for peace across difference.
Mapping Biblical Assemblages
Authors: Strømmen Hannah M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter introduces the theoretical underpinnings of the book by proposing a multidimensional approach to biblical reception more generally. Offering a critique of the idea that the Bible is the privileged centre for the study of biblical reception, it addresses the way Bible-use is significant—though not always obviously central—to the contemporary far-right ideology and practice that is the topic of ensuing chapters. By drawing on Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s concept of assemblage, the chapter argues that the “mapping” of “biblical assemblages” is a key task for biblical scholars. Mapping biblical assemblages allows for the analysis of diverse forms of Bible-use. Such mapping goes beyond the notion of the Bible as a text to be read and interpreted, to address questions of agency, affect, and materiality.
Deterritorialising Biblical Assemblages
Authors: Strømmen Hannah M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter returns to Deleuze and Guattari’s notion of mapping as more than a descriptive task. As the analysis in this study has demonstrated, biblical reception as an exercise in mapping contributes to the identification of territorialisations of Bibles. But mapping also consists in setting in motion deterritorialisations of Bibles. By drawing on postcolonial scholarship on Bible-use, the chapter argues that biblical assemblages should be analysed as major or minor assemblages. In this process, biblical scholars can pay attention to the stabilisation of dominant biblical assemblages, diagnose how they work and their resistance to change, but also make visible the emergence of minor biblical assemblages that resist and challenge dominant assemblages. Turning to Brian Massumi and Erin Manning’s SenseLab projects, the chapter ultimately proposes “BibleLab” as a collaborative practice for experimenting with Bibles that open up for change.
Why Religion Went Obsolete
Authors: 9780197800744  , Smith Christian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This book explores the decline and obsolescence of traditional American religion, particularly among post-Boomers, attributing that to major societal shifts over time in technology, economics, culture, and beyond. It highlights the role of long-term trends in the particular American context, rather than “secularization” as an inevitable or uniform result of modernization. While traditional religion has diminished, new spiritual and occult practices have also re-emerged. It also challenges the idea of cyclical religious revivals, arguing that contemporary forces continue to accelerate religious decline. Struggling to adapt, religious institutions face no-win situations where their efforts appear insincere or outdated. Factors like higher education, evolving family dynamics, and economic changes have further eroded religion’s influence. Rather than validating received secularization theory, however, this book argues for a re-enchantment of American culture that presents complications both for religion and secularism.
The 2000s
Authors: Smith Christian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter discusses the growing obsolescence of traditional American religion in the 2000s, a trend exacerbated by the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. These events deepened negative perceptions by linking religion generally with violence. Despite efforts to separate Islam from terrorism, media coverage reinforced this connection. The New Atheism movement, led by figures like Sam Harris and Richard Dawkins, further discredited religion, portraying it as irrational and harmful, which influenced the views of some. The third sexual revolution and increased LGBTQ+ visibility also challenged traditional religious values as younger generations embraced more liberal attitudes, identities, and practices. Religious pluralism and immigration exposed Millennials to diverse beliefs, leading them to see religions as human constructs and weakening the authority of any particular faith. Additionally, the rise of belief in “good without God” and a “spiritual but not religious” identity reflected a broader cultural shift away from organized religion.
Currency
Authors: Graham Aaron 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The quantity and quality of the currency were of vital concern to the colonial state, both for economic reasons and to support taxation. Initially the assembly used its power to uphold the local coinage, but increasingly it took measures to circulate its paper debt as a form of currency. This was institutionalized in 1821 with the creation of island cheques, a form of paper money which enjoyed widespread circulation even though they rested on little more than the credibility of the assembly’s unenforceable commitment. Before, during and immediately after the Baptist War they played an important role in supporting the colonial state until the assembly could obtain funds from Britain. The island cheques collapsed instead in 1839, after a combination of financial interests in Britain and Jamaica undermined for their own ends the credibility of the informal political commitment which had underpinned them, and forced the colonial state to withdraw them from circulation.
Enhancing General Resilience in Forests
Authors: Burton Philip J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
General principles explaining resilience in complex adaptive systems can be applied to the management of forest ecosystems and to forest management policies and enterprises. Promoting diversity at all levels is a key strategy, with resilience variously promoted through mechanisms such as functional redundancy, dilution effects, spatial disruption, and higher-level ecosystem effects. Risk and uncertainly can be buffered through preparedness, contingency planning, and the implementation of reserves, maintaining sufficient capacity and flexibility to cope with disruptions. The “Precautionary Principle” has wide applications, with the long-term benefits of conservation generally preferable to any short benefits of overexploitation of resources, especially under conditions of uncertainty. Maintaining a modular structure facilitates responsive place-specific planning and isolation from contagious threats. Modularity, however, must be balanced with the networking benefits of connectedness, especially important for information exchange and response to local disruptions. Broadly scoped situational awareness, both internally and externally focused, is important in order to guide management responses as part of an overall program of adaptive management.
Climatic Influences and Forest Vulnerabilities
Authors: Burton Philip J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The warming atmosphere is having direct and indirect effects on forests today. Heatwaves, droughts, windstorms, and extreme rainfall events are contributing to tree mortality, wildfires, floods, and landslides. Global circulation models (GCMs) are used to project future climates under a range of scenarios describing the degree to which greenhouse gases (GHGs) are controlled. Those projections are then downscaled to inform bio-envelope modeling of the potential range of species and ecosystems, the growth and yield of forests, and other applications. Localized projections of potential future climates also inform vulnerability assessments of forests and the socioeconomics of forest uses and forest communities. Vulnerability can be considered the product of exposure and sensitivity, minus the adaptive capacity of the element or system under consideration. Forest productivity and the distribution of species and ecosystems are partially constrained by prevailing regimes of temperature and precipitation. Those parameters are changing to different degrees around the world at a pace unprecedented in the recent history of the planet. Forest ecosystems may not be able to adjust smoothly to such changes, owing to inertia of mature trees and the pace of climate change, and because forests are fragmented by human land uses. A changing climate is but one expression of global change faced by forests.
Southern Yauyos Quechua
Authors: Shimelman Aviva 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter sketches the major phonological and morphosyntactic features of the southern dialects of Yauyos [ISO 369-3: qux, Glottocode: yauy1235], a critically endangered Quechuan language spoken in the Peruvian Andes. Yauyos is of particular interest to the study of Quechuan languages because the region in which it is spoken is located on the border of the two large, contiguous zones where the languages of the two major branches of the Quechuan language family are spoken, and the various dialects of SYQ share features with both branches. Yauyos is additionally of interest to the study of evidentials, as it employs a set of three evidential modifiers.
Jaqaru
Authors: Coler Matt 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter offers a grammatical description of Jaqaru [ISO 639-3: jqr, Glottocode: jaqa1244]. Jaqaru is an is agglutinative, suffix-only Aymaran language, spoken in the Peruvian Andes. After providing an overview of the Aymaran family, this contribution describes the complex phonology and phonotactics before moving on to the morphology. The morphology begins with an outline of parts of speech and the transcategorical operations in the language. Thereafter, readers will find descriptions of nouns and nominal morphology followed by verbs and verbal morphology prior to outlining other suffixes which are neither nominal or verbal. After this morphological description, there is an overview of syntax, including grammatical relations, constituent order, clause types, coordination and negation, among other topics. The chapter concludes with an overview of the literature. Throughout this description, there are frequent comparisons made with Jaqaru’s sister language, Aymara, to better facilitate comparison between Andean languages.
Kallawaya
Authors: Muysken Pieter 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter gives an overview of the main properties of Kallawaya [ISO 639-3: caw, Glottocode: call1235], and tries to provide a scenario for its genesis. Kallawaya is a language or language variety spoken by wandering healers from around Charazani in the provinces of Bautista Saavedra and Muñecas, department of La Paz, Bolivia. It functions above all as a language accompanying healing rituals, used by the healers (all men) of the community. Kallawaya is a mixed language which combines a Quechuan morphosyntactic matrix with words from other languages. Many of these come from Puquina, a language spoken in the region earlier.
Language diffusion and state agency
Authors: Itier César 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Research on the social history of Andean languages has traditionally de-emphasized the role of states in language spread processes. This chapter deals with the spread of the Quechuan family in Inca and colonial times. It first reconstructs the communicative functions performed by different Quechuan varieties in the Inca empire and carves out the factors that determined the formation of koine varieties and their rapid diffusion. It then shows how the colonial regime drastically intensified the centrifugal dynamics that have been exerted on Andean communities since the Inca era, making the Spanish economic sphere (cities, mines, and haciendas) the focus of a new expansion and vernacularization of Quechuan speech. Finally, it compares the historical-linguistic evolution of the northern and southern Central Andes in colonial times.
The Late Antique and Byzantine Context to Early Islamic Mercantile Activity
Authors: Sarris Peter 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter begins with a discussion of the early Islamic conquests and the effect these had on breaking down barriers to trade, which had previously been maintained by the Sasanian Empire. It then goes on to challenge the widely held argument that the early Islamic elite was trade- and commerce-orientated in contrast to a late Roman elite whose focus was on office and landownership. In this period, bureaucrats and soldiers often had commercial interests in trade and banking and the legal systems of the Empire permitted and even encouraged the operations of lending and credit. The contrast with the early Islamic elite is more a reflection of the different evidence available to us than of a historical reality.
Introduction
Authors: Kennedy Hugh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter argues for a model of the early Islamic economy in which a number of forces and processes interact to create what might be described as a virtuous circle. The structure of demand, generated at first by the tax revenues collected by the government and dispersed in the form of cash salaries, encouraged the expansion of agriculture in the marginal lands of Greater Mesopotamia. At the same time it generated a widespread demand for semi-luxury goods, textiles, ceramics, glass, and paper which in turn led to the development of industries, not just in the heartlands of the caliphate but in more distant provinces like Armenia, Khurāsān, and even the distant Comoro Islands.
Power and Money on the Ḥajj
Authors: Webb Peter 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The early Abbasid Caliphs (750–800 ce) lavishly patronized the Hajj though the funding of pilgrim roads, embellishing the Meccan sanctum, and personally leading the pilgrimage. Whereas leadership of the Hajj was evidently central to Abbasid political legitimacy, their Umayyad predecessors afforded the Hajj markedly less attention. We can explore the status of Hajj in nascent Islam by investigating and seeking explanations for the contrast between Abbasid and Umayyad patronage, and this chapter approaches the issue with an economic lens that investigates the specifics of early Caliphal expenditure allocated to Hajj patronage, and augments the findings via critical analysis of the Hajj expressed in contemporary poetry composed for the Caliphal court.
The Imams as Economic Actors
Authors: Hayes Edmund 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This contribution explores the institutional link that tied the Imami Shiʿi community to their Imams from the mid-eighth century until the late ninth century ce. It is argued that the collection of what the Shiʿa referred to as God’s money (māl allāh) or the Imams’ dues (ḥuqūq) and the redistribution of wealth was a key part of the social framework that allowed an Imam to act as an Imam. Within this ‘sacred economy’, different types of value (economic, ritual, and theological) overlapped and were exchanged. Through it, the Imam demonstrated his generosity, exerted his moral influence and maintained a physical connection with far-flung communities through the circulation of objects associated with him.
The Islamic Trade Network in the Indian Ocean (Ninth to Eleventh Centuries)
Authors: Ducène Jean-Charles 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Persian Gulf served as the main departure point for Muslim merchants up until the beginning of the eleventh century, when the focus shifted to the Red Sea. For travel to East Africa, India, and South-East Asia, the key starting points were Sīrāf and the Oman ports. The merchants would sail as far as Sofāla in Africa, with coastal towns serving as stop-off points along the way. These towns became city-states and served as the interface between the Swahilian-language communities and the Arab Muslim traders. Travelling beyond Sri Lanka, out towards the East, the main destinations were first Kalah and then the port of Srivijaya, where Palembang now lies. The merchants traded under Sunni or ibāḍīte Muslim law, and trade partnerships were based on shares in limited partnerships. In India and South-East Asia, there were local Muslim representatives who were able to join the local trade guilds. Transactions were carried out either by bartering or using currency. The wrecks that have been found beyond the Strait of Malacca show the ‘triangular’ aspect of trade during this period.
Defining Religion
Authors: Spencer Nick , Waite Hannah 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter outlines a number of higher profile and influential attempts to define religion over the last hundred years or so, drawing on various legal, anthropological, philosophical, and sociological contributions. There has been a significant shift in the Western conception of religion over this period, moving from something that resembles Christian monotheism to something much more capacious and amorphous. While the law has, necessarily, tried to home in on workably tight definitions, the work of anthropologists, sociologists, and religious studies academics has broadened the category, and generated a widening wake in which the courts have eventually followed. The result is an extensive, variegated, and sometimes confusing definition, from which, nonetheless, certain features can be discerned, and thus we can start to build up a Wittgensteinian ‘family resemblance’.
Introduction
Authors: Pulignano Valeria , Domecka Markieta 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Introduction presents the book’s main object and it unveils its main argument around the politics of unpaid labour. It brings out the principal themes (i.e., stigma and resilience) at the core of the book, it sheds light on the underpinning research questions, and it initiates its analytical contributions. In sum, the Introduction paves the way for the book’s central aim, that is to address inequality in precarious work for both waged (i.e., employees) and non-waged (i.e., self-employed workers) labour by an approach examining the politics of unpaid labour, delving into the dynamics and processes surrounding its occurrence and the extent to which individuals sustain it.
The Paid/Unpaid Labour Dichotomy
Authors: Pulignano Valeria , Domecka Markieta 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The chapter develops the critique stated in Chapter 1, discussing the implications of unpaid labour and precarious work for socially reproductive and gendered labour. It argues that precarious work is a complex and constantly evolving process requiring sophisticated analyses of the increasing reliance of workers and individuals on unpaid labour inside and outside the market. Unpaid labour inside the market accounts for new interdependencies as it requires resources—including socially reproductive (unpaid) labour outside the market—for it to be sustained as being how people build resilience. As access to such resources to build resilience is dependent on individual, household, and institutional circumstances, class-based inequality may arise, to the extent that certain occupations become out of reach for those less endowed with such resources.
Dance ‘for the Sake of Art’
Authors: Pulignano Valeria , Domecka Markieta 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The chapter empirically illustrates the politics of unpaid labour in dance (ballet) in Sweden and the Netherlands. Dance is a field that has suffered from sweeping austerity-driven funding cuts, especially in the Netherlands where it has become increasingly difficult to build up resilience against precarious work. These cuts have led to a decline in permanent employment and a rise in freelancing in the form of project work. Young people enter creative dance not for financial gain but for the sake of art. As much of the work is un- or underpaid, survival in dance relies heavily on having access to family resources, whether financial or social. Consequently, the sector has become class based, meaning that an individual’s social position and opportunities within this field are strongly influenced by their inherited socio-economic status, leading to the perpetuation of prestige and advantage through family connections and access to resources.
Care ‘for the Sake of Others’
Authors: Pulignano Valeria , Domecka Markieta , Riemann Me-linh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The chapter empirically illustrates the politics of unpaid labour in residential care in the United Kingdom and Germany. Women—generally with a working-class background—enter the sector knowing full well that it is easy to enter and poorly paid. Motivated by a work ethos characterized by sacrifice for the sake of care, they find themselves exploited, with working schedules dictated by the stopwatch, and performing unpaid labour. This unpaid labour in turn impinges on their private lives, forcing them to choose whether to prioritize their poorly paid but emotionally fulfilling work or family life. Carers often resort to part-time or unconventional working hours in their pursuit of a satisfactory work-life balance. This comes at a cost, with meagre precarity-engendering financial resources and compromised social well-being and health.
Reading and the mind’s eye
Authors: Thomas Julia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter identifies a key Victorian debate about the role of illustration: how illustrative images affected the mind’s eye and the mental visualization that was said to accompany the reading of literature. The chapter breaks down these debates into two oppositional experiences of reading that were described in Victorian discourses, including in the work of Francis Galton and contemporary psychologists. On the one hand, illustration was regarded as a hindrance to mental visualization because the concrete image either prevented the mind’s eye from functioning or ‘moulded’ the mental image of the words. On the other hand, illustration was seen to come to the aid of a weak or non-functioning mind’s eye (a condition recently diagnosed as ‘aphantasia’) by presenting concrete pictures of the text. The chapter argues that these Victorian debates were bound up in ideas about the relation between the author and the reader and the cultural politics of gender, class, and labour.