bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Valve‐in‐valve transcatheter aortic valve replacement or re‐surgical aortic valve replacement in degenerated bioprostheses: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of short and midterm results
Authors: Bruno Francesco , Elia Edoardo , D'Ascenzo Fabrizio , Marengo Giorgio , Deharo Pierre , Kaneko Tsuyoshi , Cuisset Thomas , Fauchier Laurent , De Filippo Ovidio , Gallone Guglielmo , Andreis Alessandro , Fortuni Federico , Salizzoni Stefano , La Torre Michele , Rinaldi Mauro , De Ferrari Gaetano M. , Conrotto Federico 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionDespite limited to short and midterm outcomes, valve‐in‐valve (ViV) transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has emerged as a valid alternative to re‐surgical aortic valve replacement (re‐SAVR) for high‐ and intermediate‐risk patients with degenerated surgical bioprosthesis.MethodsAll studies comparing multivariate adjustment between ViV TAVI and re‐SAVR were screened. The primary end‐points were all‐cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality at 30 days and at Midterm follow‐up. Short‐term complications were the secondary endpoints.ResultsWe obtained data from 11 studies, encompassing 8570 patients, 4224 undergoing ViV TAVI, and 4346 re‐SAVR. Four studies included intermediate‐risk patients and seven high‐risk patients. 30‐day all‐cause and CV mortality were significantly lower in ViV (odds ratio [OR] 0.43, 95% confidence intervals [CIs] 0.29–0.64 and OR 0.44, 0.26–0.73 respectively), while after a mean follow‐up of 717 (180–1825) days, there was no difference between the two groups (OR 1.04, 0.87–1.25 and OR 1.05, 0.78–1.43, respectively). The risk of stroke (OR 1.03, 0.59–1.82), MI (OR 0.70, 0.34–1.44), major vascular complications (OR 0.92, 0.50–1.67), and permanent pacemaker implantation (OR 0.67, 0.36–1.25) at 30 days did not differ, while major bleedings and new‐onset atrial fibrillation were significantly lower in ViV patients (OR 0.41, 0.25–0.67 and OR 0.23, 0.12–0.42, respectively, all 95% CIs).ConclusionsIn high‐ and intermediate‐risk patients with degenerated surgical bioprostheses, ViV TAVI is associated with reduced short‐term mortality, compared with re‐SAVR. Nevertheless, no differences were found in all‐cause and CV mortality at midterm follow‐up. PROSPERO CRD42021226488.
SupraFit – An Open Source Qt Based Fitting Application to Determine Stability Constants from Titration Experiments**
Authors: Hübler Conrad 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA novel application to determine stability constants from supramolecular titration experiments is presented. The focus lies on NMR titration and ITC experiments for pure 1 : 1 systems, as well as mixed 2 : 1/1 : 1, 1 : 1/1 : 2 and 2 : 1/1 : 1/1 : 2 systems.SupraFitprovides global and local fitting and a global search tool. Statistical methods are implemented and can be applied to analyse the results of nonlinear regression. Monte Carlo simulations, combined with the percentile methods and F‐Test approaches to calculate confidence intervals are supported. The implemented statistical approaches are illustrated and discussed on model functions. All methods are accessible through an intuitive user interface, providing charts for all (kind of) data produced.SupraFitis written in C++, using the Qt Toolkit for the Graphical User Interface (GUI) and the Eigen library for nonlinear regression and is released under the GNU Public License (GPL).
Numerical modeling and development of a dual lung simulator using partitioned fluid–structure interaction approach for ventilator testing
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Tokas Sulekh , Hadda Vijay , Rakshit Dibakar , Sarkar Jayati 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNew designs of mechanical ventilators require extensive testing before utilizing the ventilator on a patient. Test lungs are commonly used to understand the behavior of new designs of ventilators and the lung mechanics. The current study aims to develop a numerical model of dual test lungs utilizing the partitioned fluid–structure interaction (FSI) approach and test it against the available experimental data of volume‐controlled ventilation. Two breathing rates of 12 and 18 bpm were studied at two different tidal volumes of 500 and 600 ml for spontaneous breathing. It is found that with an increase in the compliance (tidal volume/pressure rise) of the lung, the peak pressure rise inside the test lung decreases irrespective of the breathing rate. The maximum average pressure of 44.73, 27.45, and 14 cm H2O is observed for static lung compliances of 10, 21 , and 39 ml/cm H2O, respectively at a tidal volume of 600 ml. Similarly, the maximum von‐misses stress was higher (498 kPa) for the lung with lower compliance (10 ml/cm H2O) as compared to the lung with higher compliance (39 ml/cm H2O) at the end of inspiration. This study forms a basis for using computational methods to model simple lung simulators that can effectively investigate the lung mechanics for both spontaneous and ventilated breathing. Thus, it can be utilized as a reference to test novel designs of mechanical ventilators.
Presence of Five Chemotherapeutic Drugs in Breast Milk as a Guide for the Safe Use of Chemotherapy During Breastfeeding: Results From a Case Series
Authors: Damoiseaux David , Calpe Silvia , Rosing Hilde , Beijnen Jos H. , Huitema Alwin D. R. , Lok Christianne , Dorlo Thomas P. C. , Amant Frédéric 
Published: April 2022

Little is known about infant’s safety of chemotherapy during breastfeeding where evidence is limited to a few case reports. This lack of knowledge has led to a general tendency to advise against breastfeeding during cytotoxic therapy despite the overwhelming benefits that breastfeeding offers to both the mothers and their children. In this case series, the presence of five chemotherapies in breast milk was determined. The aim was to obtain insight into the presence of these drugs in breast milk to inform and help clinicians in making informed decisions for women who want to breastfeed. Three patients collected 24‐hour samples of breast milk every day for 1, 2, or 3 weeks after chemotherapy, 210 in total. After determination of drug concentrations, the infant daily dose, relative daily infant dose (RID%) and cumulative RID were calculated. Cumulative RIDs in patients varied from 10% to values lower than 1%. Rich data allowed us to design a table which gives predictions on the amount of days that breast milk has to be discarded to reach cumulative RIDs below 5, 1, and 0.1% for each compound. For cyclophosphamide, paclitaxel, and carboplatin, cumulative RIDs below 1 or 0.1% are reached if breast milk is discarded for 1–3 days after administration. This might suggest that breastfeeding in between cycles is an option. However, other pharmacological parameters should also be taken into consideration. For doxorubicin, also the levels of the active metabolite doxorubicinol need quantification. Similarly, breastfeeding during treatment with cisplatin might give substantial exposure and we advise caution.
Influence of pulse duration and water/air cooling ratio on the efficiency of Er:YAG 2940 nm laser in debonding of porcelain laminate veneers: An in vitro study
Authors: AlBalkhi Mohand , Hamadah Omar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effectiveness of different pulse durations (PD) and the water/air (W/A) cooling ratio of the Er:YAG 2940 nm laser that are required for debonding porcelain laminate veneers (PLV), by investigation of the needed time for PLV debonding (DT) and the changes in dental pulp temperature.Materials and MethodsThirty‐six extracted noncarious human maxillary premolars were prepared for receiving PLV. Samples were randomly assigned to six different groups, based on PD and the W/A ratio: Groups A (50 µs, 1:1), B (50 µs, 3:3), C (100 µs, 1:1), D (100 µs, 3:3), E (300 µs, 1:1), and F (300 µs, 3:3). Veneers were debonded using laser irradiation by the same parameters (270 mJ, 15 Hz) with noncontact application mode.ResultsAll 36 veneers were debonded. Samples of the 50 and 100 µs PDs showed significantly shorter DT (7.4−17 s) than that of the 300 µs which showed significantly the longest DT (104 s) among all other groups (p < .001). However, the highest elevation of pulp temperature was observed in Group E (300 µs, 1:1) which reached (3.4°C).ConclusionUsing the 50 or 100 µs PD of the Er:YAG laser was more efficient than 300 µs in reducing DT of PLVs with minimal change in pulp temperature. W/A cooling ratio had minimal influence on the DT of PLV.
Biomechanical properties of masticatory balance in cases with RPDs—The influence of preferred and nonpreferred chewing side: A pilot study
Authors: Eberhard Lydia , Rues Stefan , Bach Lea , Lenz Jürgen , Schindler Hans J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesRemovable partial dentures (RPDs) are inserted with the aim to restore masticatory function. There is however inconsistent evidence supporting the alleged improvements, posterior occlusal contacts being one of the decisive factors. We hypothesized that the distribution of abutment teeth in RPDs influences masticatory performance and functional parameters. To evaluate the masticatory performance and functional parameters in patients with a RPD using a single mathematical parameter (tilting index [TI]) for both jaws that predicts biomechanical behavior on the basis of the distribution of abutment teeth.Materials and MethodsMasticatory performance was measured in patients wearing long‐time adapted RPDs using the standardized test food optocal, yielding the mean particle size (X50). Mastication on the preferred and nonpreferred chewing sides was analyzed. Total muscle work (TMW) was calculated using bipolar electromyographic recordings of the masseter and anterior temporalis muscle. Functional parameters were subjected to multiple linear regression analysis including X50 as a dependent variable and functional units (FU), the number of teeth, bite forces, and sagittal and frontal components of TI (TI α and TI β) as independent variables.ResultsWhen the preferred chewing side was tested, none of the investigated parameters correlated significantly with X50. In contrast, chewing on the nonpreferred side was correlated significantly with performance for most variables (p < .05). This means that increased dental support improved chewing performance with RPDs under these conditions.ConclusionsIn well‐adapted RPDs, the distribution of abutment teeth as expressed by the tilting index seems to be of subordinate importance for masticatory performance.
Climate change, migration and farmer–herder conflict in Ghana
Authors: Issifu Abdul Karim , Darko Francis Diawuo , Paalo Sebastian Angzoorokuu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractClimate change, migration, and conflict have been featured prominently in academic and policy literature. While Africa remains the major reference point, studies on key conflict hotspots fail to adequately examine empirical demonstrations of how climate change forces migration, and consequently major conflicts. Drawing on semi‐structured interviews, focus group discussions, and employing the scarcity theory in a study of Agogo (Ghana), we illustrate how regional and local climate/environmental variability and scarcity trigger and sustain migration and farmer–herder conflicts. The findings offer insights into how other non‐climatic and ecological conditions reinforce the so‐called climate‐induced conflicts, exposing the limitations of the scarcity‐theory. Importantly, this study has provided an illustrative argument centered around the contextual dynamics of the nexus between climate change and farmer–herder conflict in Agogo to contribute to national, regional, and continental discussion on this critical topic.
Temporal dynamics of range expander and congeneric native plant responses during and after extreme drought events
Authors: Yang Qiang , Veen G. F. (Ciska) , Wagenaar Roel , Manrubia Marta , ten Hooven Freddy C. , van der Putten Wim H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractClimate change is causing range shifts of many species to higher latitudes and altitudes and increasing their exposure to extreme weather events. It has been shown that range‐shifting plant species may perform differently in new soil than related natives; however, little is known about how extreme weather events affect range‐expanding plants compared to related natives. In this study we used outdoor mesocosms to study how range‐expanding plant species responded to extreme drought in live soil from a habitat in a new range with and without live soil from a habitat in the original range (Hungary). During summer drought, the shoot biomass of the range‐expanding plant community declined. In spite of this, in the mixed community, range expanders produced more shoot biomass than congeneric natives. In mesocosms with a history of range expanders in the previous year, native plants produced less biomass. Plant legacy or soil origin effects did not change the response of natives or range expanders to summer drought. During rewetting, range expanders had less biomass than congeneric natives but higher drought resilience (survival) in soils from the new range where in the previous year native plant species had grown. The biomass patterns of the mixed plant communities were dominated by Centaurea spp.; however, not all plant species within the groups of natives and of range expanders showed the general pattern. Drought reduced the litter decomposition, microbial biomass, and abundances of bacterivorous, fungivorous, and carnivorous nematodes. Their abundances recovered during rewetting. There was less microbial and fungal biomass, and there were fewer fungivorous nematodes in soils from the original range where range expanders had grown in the previous year. We concluded that in mixed plant communities of range expanders and congeneric natives, range expanders performed better, under both ambient and drought conditions, than congeneric natives. However, when considering the responses of individual species, we observed variations among pairs of congenerics, so that under the present mixed‐community conditions there was no uniformity in responses to drought of range expanders versus congeneric natives. Range‐expanding plant species reduced soil fungal biomass and the numbers of soil fungivorous nematodes, suggesting that the effects of range‐expanding plant species can trickle up in the soil food web.
Universal programs to prevent eating disorders in children and adolescents: A scoping review of ethical, legal, organizational and social impacts
Authors: Torres‐Castaño Alezandra , Delgado‐Rodríguez Janet , Pino‐Sedeño Tasmania del , Estaña Malaret Daniel , de Pascual Ana Maria , Toledo‐Chávarri Ana , Serrano‐Aguilar Pedro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAppropriate and timely consideration of ethical, legal, organizational, and social issues in universal preventive programs for eating disorders (UPPED) are relevant for the approval, funding and implementation of health‐policy decision making.ObjectiveTo identify and analyse the ethical, legal, organizational, and social aspects involved in interventions aimed at the universal prevention of eating disorders (ED) in children, pre‐adolescents and adolescents in the school settings.MethodA scoping review of the literature was carried out. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, and Social Science Citation Index were searched for studies published in English or Spanish. The quality of the studies was assessed using specific scales for each study design.ResultsFourteen studies were included: one scoping review; four narrative reviews, six observational studies, two qualitative studies, and one mixed methods study. Results were narratively synthesised according to: (1) equity; (2) gender perspective; (3) potential harm; (4) participants and facilitators profile; (5) feasibility; and (6) acceptability.ConclusionsInteractive programs with relevant contents for participants have greater acceptability. Programs focussed on developing competencies can reduce the risk of potential harm. Incorporating a gender perspective contributes to improving equity. Teachers with prior training in ED are well suited as facilitators of these programs.
Intrusion detection: A model based on the improved vision transformer
Authors: Yang Yu‐Guang , Fu Hong‐Mei , Gao Shang , Zhou Yi‐Hua , Shi Wei‐Min 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe propose an intrusion detection model based on an improved vision transformer (ViT). More specifically, the model uses an attention mechanism to process data, which overcomes the flaw of the short‐term memory in recurrent neural network (RNN) and the difficulty of learning remote dependency in convolutional neural network. It supports parallelization and has a faster computing speed than RNN. A sliding window mechanism is presented to improve the capability of modeling local features for ViT. The hierarchical focal loss function is used to improve the classification effect, and solve the issue of the data imbalance. The public intrusion detection dataset NSL‐KDD is used for experimental simulations. By experimental simulations, the accuracy is up to 99.68%, the false‐positive rate is 0.22%, and the recall rate is 99.57%, which show that the improved ViT has better accuracy, false positive rate, and recall rate than existing intrusion detection models.
Healthcare performance management using integrated FUCOM‐MARCOS approach: The case of India
Authors: Abdullah Ahmad , Ahmad Shafi , Athar Mohd. Adnan , Rajpoot Nishant , Talib Faisal 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsThe goal of this research is to propose a simpler and more efficient model for evaluating healthcare establishments (HCEs). With this motivation, this study aims to discover key performance indicators (KPIs) that affect HCE performance, present a ranking model for KPIs in Indian HCEs, and evaluate Indian HCEs using the identified and prioritised KPIs.Material and MethodsThrough extensive literature review and expert opinions, this research identifies the various KPIs in HCEs, classifies them into six main categories, and prioritises them using the full consistency method (FUCOM). Further, well‐known HCEs across northern India were evaluated and ranked using Measurement Alternatives and Ranking according to Compromise Solution.ResultsThe ‘technology adoption related indicators’ is found as the most important main KPIs, whereas ‘adequate number of hospital beds and bathrooms (IE5)' as the most dominating sub‐category KPIs. Also, amongst the 20 evaluated Indian HCEs ‘healthcare establishment‐1 (HCE1)’ was found to be the best performing HCE while ‘healthcare establishment‐12 (HCE12)’ was found to be the worst‐performing HCE. The stability and consistency of the results are ascertained by performing sensitivity analysis and comparing the results with other existing methodologies.ConclusionThe findings of this study are quite important for HCEs management to fully comprehend the key areas to improve upon so that managers can improve medical standards in a targeted manner. The developed prioritisation model and methodology shown in this paper will help and motivate managers and intellectuals of HCEs to evaluate and improve the HCE's performance.
Nonsimilar solution of a boundary layer flow of a Reiner–Philippoff fluid with nonlinear thermal convection
Authors: Tijani Yusuf O. , Oloniiju Shina D. , Kasali Kazeem B. , Akolade Mojeed T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe thermodynamics modeling of a Reiner–Philippoff‐type fluid is essential because it is a complex fluid with three distinct probable modifications. This fluid model can be modified to describe a shear‐thinning, Newtonian, or shear‐thickening fluid under varied viscoelastic conditions. This study constructs a mathematical model that describes a boundary layer flow of a Reiner–Philippoff fluid with nonlinear radiative heat flux and temperature‐ and concentration‐induced buoyancy force. The dynamical model follows the usual conservation laws and is reduced through a nonsimilar group of transformations. The resulting equations are solved using a spectral‐based local linearization method, and the accuracy of the numerical results is validated through the grid dependence and convergence tests. Detailed analyses of the effects of specific thermophysical parameters are presented through tables and graphs. The study reveals, among other results, that the buoyancy force, solute and thermal expansion coefficients, and thermal radiation increase the overall wall drag, heat, and mass fluxes. Furthermore, the study shows that amplifying the space and temperature‐dependent heat source parameters allows fluid particles to lose their cohesive force and, consequently, maximize flow and heat transfer.
Changing patterns of the prevalence of burnout and secondary traumatic stress in health‐system pharmacists throughout the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Mohammad Rima A. , Jones Adam M. , Clark John S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe demands posed during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic have led to greater stress and frustration, which in turn can fuel exhaustion, cynicism, secondary traumatic stress (STS), and burnout. More evidence is needed regarding the prevalence of burnout and STS throughout the pandemic.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to describe the changing pattern of the prevalence of burnout and STS in health‐system pharmacists throughout the pandemic (early to 20 months into the pandemic).MethodsA cross‐sectional, listserv‐based online survey was conducted in health‐system pharmacists. The survey was administered between April and May 2020 (early group) and again between October and December 2021 (20‐month group). The survey questionnaire included demographics, employment characteristics, COVID‐19‐related questions, survey of respondent's perceptions of prevalence and severity of burnout, and Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL) which assessed compassion satisfaction and fatigue (burnout and STS).ResultsA total of 1126 health‐system pharmacists completed the survey (484 in the early group and 642 in the 20‐month group). Based on respondents' self‐rating of burnout, significantly more respondents reported feeling burned out in the 20‐month group vs the early group (69% vs 47.7%; P < .001). Based on ProQOL, significantly more respondents were identified with moderate–high likelihood of burnout (83.8% vs 65.3%; P < .001) and moderate–high probability of STS (63.2% vs 51.4%; P < .001) in the 20‐month group vs the early group. Approximately 99% of respondents in both groups were identified with moderate–high probability of compassion satisfaction.ConclusionTwenty months into the COVID‐19 pandemic, almost 83% of health‐system pharmacist respondents were identified with burnout, 63% with STS, and 99% with compassion satisfaction. These rates are significantly higher compared with rates early in the pandemic. Unfortunately, the development of burnout and STS in these pharmacists may lead to several work‐related consequences (eg, increase risk of medical errors); therefore, further studies are critical to develop and assess effective interventions to address the long‐term effects of the pandemic and well‐being of health‐system pharmacists.