bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boosting the electronic and catalytic properties of 2D semiconductors with supramolecular 2D hydrogen-bonded superlattices
Authors: Wang Can , Furlan de Oliveira Rafael , Jiang Kaiyue , Zhao Yuda , Turetta Nicholas , Ma Chun , Han Bin , Zhang Haiming , Tranca Diana , Zhuang Xiaodong , Chi Lifeng , Ciesielski Artur , Samorì Paolo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe electronic properties of two-dimensional semiconductors can be strongly modulated by interfacing them with atomically precise self-assembled molecular lattices, yielding hybrid van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs). While proof-of-concepts exploited molecular assemblies held together by lateral unspecific van der Waals interactions, the use of 2D supramolecular networks relying on specific non-covalent forces is still unexplored. Herein, prototypical hydrogen-bonded 2D networks of cyanuric acid (CA) and melamine (M) are self-assembled onto MoS2 and WSe2 forming hybrid organic/inorganic vdWHs. The charge carrier density of monolayer MoS2 exhibits an exponential increase with the decreasing area occupied by the CA·M unit cell, in a cooperatively amplified process, reaching 2.7 × 1013 cm−2 and thereby demonstrating strong n-doping. When the 2D CA·M network is used as buffer layer, a stark enhancement in the catalytic activity of monolayer MoS2 for hydrogen evolution reactions is observed, outperforming the platinum (Pt) catalyst via gate modulation.
Low CCR5 expression protects HIV-specific CD4+ T cells of elite controllers from viral entry
Authors: Claireaux Mathieu , Robinot Rémy , Kervevan Jérôme , Patgaonkar Mandar , Staropoli Isabelle , Brelot Anne , Nouël Alexandre , Gellenoncourt Stacy , Tang Xian , Héry Mélanie , Volant Stevenn , Perthame Emeline , Avettand-Fenoël Véronique , Buchrieser Julian , Cokelaer Thomas , Bouchier Christiane , Ma Laurence , Boufassa Faroudy , Hendou Samia , Libri Valentina , Hasan Milena , Zucman David , de Truchis Pierre , Schwartz Olivier , Lambotte Olivier , Chakrabarti Lisa A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHIV elite controllers maintain a population of CD4 + T cells endowed with high avidity for Gag antigens and potent effector functions. How these HIV-specific cells avoid infection and depletion upon encounter with the virus remains incompletely understood. Ex vivo characterization of single Gag-specific CD4 + T cells reveals an advanced Th1 differentiation pattern in controllers, except for the CCR5 marker, which is downregulated compared to specific cells of treated patients. Accordingly, controller specific CD4 + T cells show decreased susceptibility to CCR5-dependent HIV entry. Two controllers carried biallelic mutations impairing CCR5 surface expression, indicating that in rare cases CCR5 downregulation can have a direct genetic cause. Increased expression of β-chemokine ligands upon high-avidity antigen/TCR interactions contributes to autocrine CCR5 downregulation in controllers without CCR5 mutations. These findings suggest that genetic and functional regulation of the primary HIV coreceptor CCR5 play a key role in promoting natural HIV control.
Optimising genomic approaches for identifying vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium transmission in healthcare settings
Authors: Higgs Charlie , Sherry Norelle L. , Seemann Torsten , Horan Kristy , Walpola Hasini , Kinsella Paul , Bond Katherine , Williamson Deborah A. , Marshall Caroline , Kwong Jason C. , Grayson M. Lindsay , Stinear Timothy P. , Gorrie Claire L. , Howden Benjamin P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractVancomycin-resistantEnterococcus faecium(VREfm) is a major nosocomial pathogen. Identifying VREfm transmission dynamics permits targeted interventions, and while genomics is increasingly being utilised, methods are not yet standardised or optimised for accuracy. We aimed to develop a standardized genomic method for identifying putative VREfm transmission links. Using comprehensive genomic and epidemiological data from a cohort of 308 VREfm infection or colonization cases, we compared multiple approaches for quantifying genetic relatedness. We showed that clustering by core genome multilocus sequence type (cgMLST) was more informative of population structure than traditional MLST. Pairwise genome comparisons using split k-mer analysis (SKA) provided the high-level resolution needed to infer patient-to-patient transmission. The more common mapping to a reference genome was not sufficiently discriminatory, defining more than three times more genomic transmission events than SKA (3729 compared to 1079 events). Here, we show a standardized genomic framework for inferring VREfm transmission that can be the basis for global deployment of VREfm genomics into routine outbreak detection and investigation.
Global climate-driven trade-offs between the water retention and cooling benefits of urban greening
Authors: Cuthbert M. O. , Rau G. C. , Ekström M. , O’Carroll D. M. , Bates A. J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUrban greening can potentially help mitigate heat-related mortality and flooding facing the >4 billion urban population worldwide. However, the geographical variation of the relative combined hydrological and thermal performance benefits of such interventions are unknown. Here we quantify globally, using a hydrological model, how climate-driven trade-offs exist between hydrological retention and cooling potential of urban greening such as green roofs and parks. Using a Budyko framework, we show that water retention generally increases with aridity in water-limited environments, while cooling potential favors energy-limited climates. Our models suggest that common urban greening strategies cannot yield high performance simultaneously for addressing both urban heat-island and urban flooding problems in most cities globally. Irrigation, if sustainable, may enhance cooling while maintaining retention performance in more arid locations. Increased precipitation variability with climate change may reduce performance of thinner green-infrastructure more quickly compared to greened areas with thicker soils and root systems. Our results provide a conceptual framework and first-order quantitative guide for urban development, renewal and policymaking.
Bioinspired elastomer composites with programmed mechanical and electrical anisotropies
Authors: Ling Yun , Pang Wenbo , Liu Jianxing , Page Margaret , Xu Yadong , Zhao Ganggang , Stalla David , Xie Jingwei , Zhang Yihui , Yan Zheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractConcepts that draw inspiration from soft biological tissues have enabled significant advances in creating artificial materials for a range of applications, such as dry adhesives, tissue engineering, biointegrated electronics, artificial muscles, and soft robots. Many biological tissues, represented by muscles, exhibit directionally dependent mechanical and electrical properties. However, equipping synthetic materials with tissue-like mechanical and electrical anisotropies remains challenging. Here, we present the bioinspired concepts, design principles, numerical modeling, and experimental demonstrations of soft elastomer composites with programmed mechanical and electrical anisotropies, as well as their integrations with active functionalities. Mechanically assembled, 3D structures of polyimide serve as skeletons to offer anisotropic, nonlinear mechanical properties, and crumpled conductive surfaces provide anisotropic electrical properties, which can be used to construct bioelectronic devices. Finite element analyses quantitatively capture the key aspects that govern mechanical anisotropies of elastomer composites, providing a powerful design tool. Incorporation of 3D skeletons of thermally responsive polycaprolactone into elastomer composites allows development of an active artificial material that can mimic adaptive mechanical behaviors of skeleton muscles at relaxation and contraction states. Furthermore, the fabrication process of anisotropic elastomer composites is compatible with dielectric elastomer actuators, indicating potential applications in humanoid artificial muscles and soft robots.
Vertical graphene on flexible substrate, overcoming limits of crack-based resistive strain sensors
Authors: Na Hong Ryeol , Lee Hyun Joo , Jeon Jae Ho , Kim Han-Jin , Jerng Sahng-Kyoon , Roy Sanjib Baran , Chun Seung-Hyun , Lee Sunghun , Yun Yong Ju 
Published: January 2022

AbstractResistive strain sensors (RSS) with ultrasensitivity have attracted much attention as multifunctional sensors. However, since most ultrasensitive RSS are designed by cracked conductive metals, the sensing performance is severely degraded due to accumulated structural deformation with consecutive cycles. To overcome such limitation, newly designed structures have been suggested, but the development of mechanosensors exhibiting superior stability and ultrasensitivity still remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrate that vertical graphene (VG) RSS with high sensitivity (gauge factor greater than 5000), remarkable durability (>10,000 cycles), and extraordinary resilience can serve multifunctional applications. We find that well-defined cracks on tufted network structure result in highly reversible resistance variation, especially revivable status even after broken current path, confirmed by microscopic in situ monitoring. The VG integrated with a wireless sensing system exhibits excellent timbre recognition performance. Our findings provide inspirable insights for mechanosensing system, making VG a promising component for future practicable flexible sensor technologies.
Intestinal gluconeogenesis shapes gut microbiota, fecal and urine metabolome in mice with gastric bypass surgery
Authors: Vily-Petit Justine , Barataud Aude , Zitoun Carine , Gautier-Stein Amandine , Serino Matteo , Mithieux Gilles 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntestinal gluconeogenesis (IGN), gastric bypass (GBP) and gut microbiota positively regulate glucose homeostasis and diet-induced dysmetabolism. GBP modulates gut microbiota, whether IGN could shape it has not been investigated. We studied gut microbiota and microbiome in wild type and IGN-deficient mice, undergoing GBP or not, and fed on either a normal chow (NC) or a high-fat/high-sucrose (HFHS) diet. We also studied fecal and urine metabolome in NC-fed mice. IGN and GBP had a different effect on the gut microbiota of mice fed with NC and HFHS diet. IGN inactivation increased abundance ofDeltaproteobacteriaon NC and ofProteobacteriasuch asHelicobacteron HFHS diet. GBP increased abundance ofFirmicutesandProteobacteriaon NC-fed WT mice and ofFirmicutes,BacteroidetesandProteobacteriaon HFHS-fed WT mice. The combined effect of IGN inactivation and GBP increased abundance ofActinobacteriaon NC and the abundance ofEnterococcaceaeandEnterobacteriaceaeon HFHS diet. A reduction was observed in the amounf of short-chain fatty acids in fecal (by GBP) and in both fecal and urine (by IGN inactivation) metabolome. IGN and GBP, separately or combined, shape gut microbiota and microbiome on NC- and HFHS-fed mice, and modify fecal and urine metabolome.
Machine-learning techniques for quantifying the protolith composition and mass transfer history of metabasalt
Authors: Matsuno Satoshi , Uno Masaoki , Okamoto Atsushi , Tsuchiya Noriyoshi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe mass transfer history of rocks provides direct evidence for fluid–rock interaction within the lithosphere and is recorded by compositional changes, especially in trace elements. The general method adopted for mass transfer analysis is to compare the composition of the protolith/precursor with that of metamorphosed/altered rocks; however, in many cases the protolith cannot be sampled. With the aim of reconstructing the mass transfer history of metabasalt, this study developed protolith reconstruction models (PRMs) for metabasalt using machine-learning algorithms. We designed models to estimate basalt trace-element concentrations from the concentrations of a few (1–9) trace elements, trained with a compositional dataset for fresh basalts, including mid-ocean ridge, ocean-island, and volcanic arc basalts. The developed PRMs were able to estimate basalt trace-element compositions (e.g., Rb, Ba, U, K, Pb, Sr, and rare-earth elements) from only four input elements with a reproducibility of ~ 0.1 log10units (i.e., ± 25%). As a representative example, we present PRMs where the input elements are Th, Nb, Zr, and Ti, which are typically immobile during metamorphism. Case studies demonstrate the applicability of PRMs to seafloor altered basalt and metabasalt. This method enables us to analyze quantitative mass transfer in regional metamorphic rocks or alteration zones where the protolith is heterogeneous or unknown.
Characterisation of Temnocephalidae flatworms in common Australian freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium australiense
Authors: Shamsi Shokoofeh , Sibraa Lachlan , Zhu Xiaocheng , Barton Diane P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMacrobrachium australiense, is one of Australia’s most widespread freshwater invertebrates. Although a significant amount of research has been conducted to understand the diversity of crustacean species in Australia, there has been considerably less effort focused on their Temnocephalidae symbionts. The present study aims to identify Temnocephalidae species found in M. australiense, along with determining their impacts on the fitness of their hosts. A total of 54 M. australiense (common Australian river prawn) were examined for evidence of infection with Temnocephalidae species, of which 96.3% showed at least one sign of infection with Temnocephalidae. Due to damage and immaturity of the worms collected from, they have been referred to as Temnocephalidae sp. based on the presence of tentacles on the anterior margin of the body, and pedunculate sucker located dorsally on the ventral surface. Possible mechanical damage to gill lamellae resulting from either egg deposition or autolysis is evident. In the phylogenetic tree built based on sequences of the 28S rRNA gene, specimens in the present study grouped separately from other Temnocephalidae species reported from Australia.
Mitochondrial-nuclear epistasis underlying phenotypic variation in breast cancer pathology
Authors: Bushel Pierre R. , Ward James , Burkholder Adam , Li Jianying , Anchang Benedict 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe interplay between genes harboring single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is vital to better understand underlying contributions to the etiology of breast cancer. Much attention has been paid to epistasis between nuclear genes or mutations in the mitochondrial genome. However, there is limited understanding about the epistatic effects of genetic variants in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes jointly on breast cancer. We tested the interaction of germline SNPs in the mitochondrial (mtSNPs) and nuclear (nuSNPs) genomes of female breast cancer patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) for association with morphological features extracted from hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained pathology images. We identified 115 significant (q-value < 0.05) mito-nuclear interactions that increased nuclei size by as much as 12%. One interaction between nuSNP rs17320521 in an intron of the WSC Domain Containing 2 (WSCD2) gene and mtSNP rs869096886, a synonymous variant mapped to the mitochondrially-encoded NADH dehydrogenase 4 (MT-ND4) gene, was confirmed in an independent breast cancer data set from the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC). None of the 10 mito-nuclear interactions identified from non-diseased female breast tissues from the Genotype-Expression (GTEx) project resulted in an increase in nuclei size. Comparisons of gene expression data from the TCGA breast cancer patients with the genotype homozygous for the minor alleles of the SNPs in WSCD2 and MT-ND4 versus the other genotypes revealed core transcriptional regulator interactions and an association with insulin. Finally, a Cox proportional hazards ratio = 1.7 (C.I. 0.98–2.9, p-value = 0.042) and Kaplan–Meier plot suggest that the TCGA female breast cancer patients with low gene expression of WSCD2 coupled with large nuclei have an increased risk of mortality. The intergenomic dependency between the two variants may constitute an inherent susceptibility of a more severe form of breast cancer and points to genetic targets for further investigation of additional determinants of the disease.
Deep learning-based school attendance prediction for autistic students
Authors: Jarbou Mohammed , Won Daehan , Gillis-Mattson Jennifer , Romanczyk Raymond 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAutism Spectrum Disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and interaction as well as the presence of repetitive, restricted patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. Many autistic students experience difficulty with daily functioning at school and home. Given these difficulties,
regular school attendance is a primary source for autistic students to receive an appropriate range of needed educational and therapeutic interventions. Moreover, school absenteeism (SA) is associated with negative consequences such as school drop-out. Therefore, early SA prediction would help school districts to intervene properly to ameliorate this issue. Due to its heterogeneity, autistic students show within-group differences concerning their SA. A comprehensive statistical analysis performed by the authors shows that the individual and demographic characteristics of the targeted population are not predictive factors of SA. So, we used the students’ recent previous attendance to predict their future attendance. We introduce a deep learning-based framework for predicting short-and long-term SA of autistic students using the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) algorithms. The adopted algorithms outperform other machine learning algorithms. In detail, LSTM increased the accuracy and recall of short-term SA prediction by 20% and 13%, while the same scores of long-term SA prediction increased by 5% using MLP.
Entropy generation and thermal analysis of nanofluid flow inside the evacuated tube solar collector
Authors: Tabarhoseini S. Mojtaba , Sheikholeslami M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the current investigation, the thermal and thermodynamic behavior of a buoyancy-driven evacuated tube solar collector (ETSC) has undergone precise evaluation, and the efficacy of nanoparticle dispersion in the testing fluid was scrutinized. The natural convection process was analyzed in different vertical sections of the absorber tube. The outputs for water and the utilized nanofluid were compared at various cutting planes along the tube during the simulation time. In this problem, CuO nanoparticles with optimum thermal properties were distributed in the base fluid. According to the surveyed results, the temperature distribution analysis illustrates that the mean wall temperature experiences more enhancement when the nanofluid is used. The comparison of the heat transfer coefficient between the two simulated cases show the competency of utilizing CuO-$${\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$$

H
2

O

nanofluid and highlight its crucial character in improving the thermal treatment of the operate fluid through the collector pipe. Based on irreversibility assessment, the irreversibility due to fluid friction rises when the nanofluid is applied during the flow time. In contrast, the entropy generation of pure water owing to heat transfer surpasses the case with nanofluid. More specifically, the heat transfer entropy generation experience a reduction of about 6.3% (0.143–0.134 W/K) by utilization of CuO with a volume fraction of 5% after 1 h of flow time, whereas the entropy generation by fluid viscosity enhances up to 23% when the nanofluid is applied in the system. The irreversibility originated from heating and fluid viscosity has significant difference in value, owing to the fluid’s low-velocity range in the natural convection process.
Reduced decline of lung diffusing capacity in COPD patients with diabetes and metformin treatment
Authors: Kahnert Kathrin , Andreas Stefan , Kellerer Christina , Lutter Johanna I. , Lucke Tanja , Yildirim Önder , Lehmann Mareike , Seissler Jochen , Behr Jürgen , Frankenberger Marion , Bals Robert , Watz Henrik , Welte Tobias , Trudzinski Franziska C. , Vogelmeier Claus F. , Alter Peter , Jörres Rudolf A. ,   COSYCONET Study Group, Andreas Stefan , Bals Robert , Behr Jürgen , Kahnert Kathrin , Bahmer Thomas , Bewig Burkhard , Ewert Ralf , Stubbe Beate , Ficker Joachim H. , Grohé Christian , Held Matthias , Henke Markus , Herth Felix , Kirsten Anne-Marie , Watz Henrik , Koczulla Rembert , Kronsbein Juliane , Kropf-Sanchen Cornelia , Herzmann Christian , Pfeifer Michael , Randerath Winfried J. , Seeger Werner , Studnicka Michael , Taube Christian , Timmermann Hartmut , Alter Peter , Schmeck Bernd , Vogelmeier Claus , Welte Tobias , Wirtz Hubert 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe studied whether in patients with COPD the use of metformin for diabetes treatment was linked to a pattern of lung function decline consistent with the hypothesis of anti-aging effects of metformin. Patients of GOLD grades 1–4 of the COSYCONET cohort with follow-up data of up to 4.5 y were included. The annual decline in lung function (FEV1, FVC) and CO diffusing capacity (KCO, TLCO) in %predicted at baseline was evaluated for associations with age, sex, BMI, pack-years, smoking status, baseline lung function, exacerbation risk, respiratory symptoms, cardiac disease, as well as metformin-containing therapy compared to patients without diabetes and metformin. Among 2741 patients, 1541 (mean age 64.4 y, 601 female) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In the group with metformin treatment vs. non-diabetes the mean annual decline in KCO and TLCO was significantly lower (0.2 vs 2.3, 0.8 vs. 2.8%predicted, respectively; p < 0.05 each), but not the decline of FEV1 and FVC. These results were confirmed using multiple regression and propensity score analyses. Our findings demonstrate an association between the annual decline of lung diffusing capacity and the intake of metformin in patients with COPD consistent with the hypothesis of anti-aging effects of metformin as reflected in a surrogate marker of emphysema.