bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Era of E-learning from the Perspectives of Jordanian Medical Students: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Barakat Muna , Farha Rana Abu , Muflih Suhaib , Al-Tammemi Ala’a B. , Othman Bayan , Allozi Yasmin , Fino Leen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background: Online learning is becoming a crucial part of the educational process worldwide, especially after the recent COVID-19 pandemic. This study was designed to assess medical students' perception toward online learning and their perceived preparedness and barriers during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: An electronic-based cross-sectional survey was used to recruit eligible participants, including Bachelor of Pharmacy, Pharm.D., medicine, Nurse, dentist, veterinary medicine at different Jordanian universities (public and private). Descriptive and linear regression analysis were conducted using S.P.S.S. software. The perception score was calculated based on a 5-point Likert scaleResults: A total of 939 students agreed to participate in this study. The prominent category was females (n=691, 73.6%), the median age of 22.0 years (IQR= 2.0), and around 56% of the study in private universities (n= 520, 55.6%). More than half of the students reported that their experiences were unsatisfactory or very unsatisfactory (n= 510, 54.3%). The majority of students preferred face-to-face communication with their professors and colleagues and considered it more effective (n= 682, 72.6%). The median of the mean perception score was 2.4 (IQR= 1.1). Regarding challenges and barriers, more than 70% reported weak internet connection, E-learning boredom, and lack of motivation (n= 723, 77.0%).Conclusion: This study reported inadequate satisfaction and perception towards the current experience in E-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also discussed the barriers and challenges hindering this transition, such as weak internet connection and the lack of motivation, indicating a need for implementing new pedagogies to enhance students' experiences regarding online education.
Genetic Mapping of Tolerance to Iron Deficiency Chlorosis in Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L.)
Authors: Tayade Ankur D. , Motagi Babu N. , Jadhav Mangesh P. , Nadaf Anjum S. , Koti Rajshekar V. , Gangurde Sunil S. , Sharma Vinay , Varshney Rajeev K. , Pandey Manish K. , Bhat Ramesh S. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) under calcareous and alkaline soils is a significant abiotic stress affecting the growth and yield of peanut. In this study, the genomic regions governing IDC tolerance were mapped using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from TMV 2 (susceptible to IDC) and TMV 2-NLM (tolerant to IDC), which was phenotyped during the rainy seasons of 2019 and 2020 in the iron-deficient calcareous plots. The best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) values for IDC tolerance traits like visual chlorotic rating (VCR), and SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR) were used for QTL analysis along with a genetic map carrying 700 GBS-derived SNP, AhTE and SSR markers. In total, 11 and 12 main-effect QTLs were identified for VCR and SCMR, respectively. Among them three QTLs were major with the phenotypic variance explained (PVE) of 10.3-34.4% for VCR, and two QTL were major for SCMR with PVE of 11.5-11.7%. A region (159.3-178.3 cM) on chromosome Ah13 carrying two QTLs (one each for VCR and SCMR) was consistent with the previous report. A SNP marker, Ah14_138037990 identified from single marker analysis for VCR was located in the intronic region of the gene Arahy.QA0C1, which is important for protein-binding. Overall, this study identified new QTLs and also validated QTL for IDC tolerance. These genomic resources could be useful for genomics-assisted breeding of peanut for IDC tolerance.
Does hypoxia and stress erythropoiesis compromise cardiac function in healthy adults? A randomized trial
Authors: Arrebola Antonio L , Casuso Rafael A , Bejder Jacob , Bonne Thomas Christian , Andersen Andreas B. , Aragón-Vela Jerónimo , Nordsborg Nikolai B. , Huertas Jesus R. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate whether recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) injections during an altitude training camp impact heart function.
Methods
Thirty-nine (16 women) moderately trained subjects stayed at 2,320 m altitude for 4 weeks while training. Subjects were randomized to placebo (isotonic saline) or rHuEPO (20 IU/kg body weight) i.v. injections. Transthoracic echocardiography imaging was acquired 3 days after arrival to altitude and prior to the first placebo or rHuEPO injection as well as one day after the last rHuEPO injection three weeks later.
Results
rHuEPO did not alter cardiovascular morphology parameters, systolic or diastolic function. In the placebo group, altitude exposure improved left ventricle (LV) systolic function due to an increased twist angle but rHuEPO had no additional effects. Pulmonary arterial systolic pressure was unaffected in either group. Notably, rHuEPO hampered LV untwist rate without affecting LV early filling.
Conclusion
rHuEPO alters LV twist rate during a high altitude training camp in a mechanism likely mediated by impaired restorative forces and/or by the haematological and metabolic effects induced rHuEPO outside the cardiovascular system. However, this alteration in heart mechanics is unlikely to have a meaningful clinical effect.
C2 Fracture Operative and Non-Operative Management Outcomes in Large Database Review
Authors: Foote Christopher Wayne , Doan Xuan-Lan , Vanier Cheryl , Betancourt Alejandro J , Palacio Carlos H 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Odontoid fractures are common and projected to increase. Comorbidities compound risk of surgery and balancing the risk of non-operative management is controversial. Stable fractures are managed based on patient comorbidity with suspected clinical prognosis. Type I and III fractures are typically managed safely with cervical orthoses. Management decisions of type II fractures however, come under frequent debate. This paper evaluates overall morbidity and mortality, and outcomes of operative and non-operative management.
Methods: We performed national database review of C2 fractures from January 2014 to December 2019. Patients were divided into categories based on Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Injury Severity Score (ISS). Outcomes data considered hospital admission, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission, hospital length of stay (LOS), ICU LOS, and mortality. Logistic regression was used for mortality, hospital admission, and ICU admission. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated from the logistic regression models. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the hospital and ICU LOS based on surgery overall, and by GCS and ISS.
Results: 42,003 patients were identified, 9,187 had surgery with overall mortality rate of 0.7%. There was a younger operative median age (67) and interquartile range (IQR: 47, 78) than non-operative group (73, IQR: 56, 83). Both had the same median ISS score (10). Surgery was associated with lower rates of mortality, from 0.1% to 0.9% mortality for non-operative. Mild or moderate GCS mortality improved operative (0.07%) to non-operative (0.23%). Severe GCS patients with surgery had significantly improved mortality rates patients without (0.29% vs 7.69%, respectively). Surgery increased ICU admissions for every ISS category. Severe GCS had higher chances of ICU admission, but no interaction with surgery. Operative patients had longer hospital and ICU stays. For all GCS and ISS categories, hospital and ICU LOS was longer for operative patients.
Conclusions: This review demonstrates significant improvement in mortality with operative management. Standard non-operative management of type I and III C2 fractures is appropriate. Surgeons should consider operating on type II odontoid fractures unless patient cannot undertake the surgical risks of induction with general anesthesia.
Level of evidence: Level IV
Bathing Newborns within 36 Hours after Birth Temporarily Alters the Skin Barrier Function and May Increase the Risk of Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Xiong Ying , Zhou He , Chen Lijie , Zhu Shening , Chen Ting , Yang Xiaohong , Sun Wenwen , Li Sujun , Wu Bo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate whether bathing newborns within 36 hours after birth has a temporary negative impact on skin barrier metrics and relates to atopic dermatitis (AD) development.Methods: 55 newborns were bathed with water at 24-36 hours after birth, while 102 newborns did not have bath. Skin barrier metrics, including facial and underarm transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum hydration (SCH), and skin humidity, were evaluated 1 hour before and after bath (T0 and T1, respectively), as well as on the next day (T2). A follow-up questionnaire via telephone was conducted 12-month later (T3). AD screening was determined based on the questionnaire.Results: In the non-bathed newborns, no significant alteration in skin barrier function was observed. In the bathed newborns, the underarm SCH significantly deteriorated from 16.60±21.74 at T0 to 8.16±12.27 at T2 (51% deterioration, p=0.009). Deteriorations were also observed for the facial and underarm humidity right after bath (-5%, p=0.017 and -4%, p=0.012) as well as on the next day (-6%, p=0.003 and -5%, p=0.001). At T3, 5% non-bathed newborns were determined to have developed AD during the past 12-month, while this number increased by 4-fold (21%) in the bathed newborns (p=0.010).Conclusion: This study demonstrated a temporary negative impact on newborn’s skin barrier function caused by bathing within 36 hours after birth. Deteriorated skin barrier function in the temporary window may still leave the newborn susceptible to infection and allergy, increasing the risk of triggering AD onset.
Which trap is best? Alternatives to human landing catches for malaria vector surveillance: a meta-analysis
Authors: Eckert Jordan , Oladipupo Seun , Wang Yifan , Jiang Shanshan , Patil Vivek , McKenzie Ben , Lobo Neil , Zohdy Sarah 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Human landing catches (HLC) are an entomological collection technique in which humans are used as attractants to capture medically relevant host-seeking mosquitoes. The use of this method has been a topic of extensive debate for decades mainly due to ethical concerns. Many alternatives to HLC have been proposed; however, no quantitative review comparing HLC to alternative trapping methods has been conducted. Here, we present a meta-analysis of published literature on HLC and alternative trapping methods for outdoor Anopheles spp. collections.
Methods: A total of 58 comparisons across 12 countries were identified. We conducted a meta-analysis comparing treatment effects of HLC against alternative traps. To explain heterogeneity, three moderators were chosen for analysis: trap type, location of study, and species captured.
Results : According to our model, tent-based traps captured significantly more Anopheles than HLC (95% CI: [-.9065, -.0544]). Alternative traps in Africa captured more mosquitoes than outdoor HLC ([-2.8750, -.0294]) and alternative traps overall captured significantly more Anopheles gambiae s.l. than HLC ([-4.4613, -.2473]). A meta-regression showed that up to 55.77% of the total heterogeneity found can be explained by a linear combination of the three moderators included in our model and the interaction between trap type and species . Subset analysis on An. gambiae s.l. showed that light traps specifically captured more of this species than HLC ([-18.3751, -1.0629]).
Discussion: Alternative traps captured more An. gambiae than HLC, however, we found no differences for capture of An. funestus s.l. Publication bias was found with an overrepresentation in the literature of results indicating that alternative traps are superior to HLC. Trap comparisons in the literature most commonly use total Anopheles collected/night as a metric for comparison, which may not be the optimal. These results identify trends in the literature which can be used to identify Anopheles collection alternatives to HLC. However, significant heterogeneity suggests a broader challenge with the literature. Further standardization and specific question-driven trap evaluations that consider target vector species and the vector control landscape are needed toallow for robust meta-analyses with less heterogeneity and to develop data-driven decision-making tools for malaria vector surveillance and control.
PIKAChU: a Python-based Informatics Kit for Analysing Chemical Units
Authors: Terlouw Barbara , Vromans Sophie , Medema Marnix 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
As efforts to computationally describe and simulate the biochemical world become more commonplace, computer programs that are capable of in silico chemistry play an increasingly important role in biochemical research. While such programs exist, they are often dependency-heavy, difficult to navigate, or not written in Python, the programming language of choice for bioinformaticians. Here, we introduce PIKAChU (Python-based Informatics Kit for Analysis CHemical Units): a light-weight cheminformatics toolbox implemented in Python. PIKAChU builds comprehensive molecular graphs from SMILES strings, which allow for easy downstream analysis and visualisation of molecules. While the molecular graphs PIKAChU generates are extensive, storing and inferring information on aromaticity, chirality, charge, hybridisation and electron orbitals, PIKAChU limits itself to applications that will be sufficient for most casual users and downstream Python-based tools and databases, such as Morgan fingerprinting, similarity scoring, substructure matching and customisable visualisation. In addition, it comes with a set of functions that assists in the easy implementation of reaction mechanisms. Its minimalistic design makes PIKAChU straightforward to use and install, in stark contrast to many existing toolkits, which are more difficult to navigate and come with a plethora of dependencies that may cause compatibility issues with downstream tools. As such, PIKAChU provides a perfect alternative for researchers for whom basic cheminformatic processing suffices, and can be easily integrated into downstream bioinformatics and cheminformatics tools. PIKAChU is available at https://github.com/BTheDragonMaster/pikachu.
The Anti-Angiogenesis Mechanism of Geniposide on Rheumatoid Arthrits is Related to the Regulation of PTEN
Authors: Bu Yanhong , Wu Hong , Deng Ran , Wang Yan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic immune disease characterized by joint inflammation and pannus. The nascent pannus contributes to synovial hyperplasia, cartilage and tissue damage in RA. Based on the previous study on the anti-inflammatory effect of Geniposide (GE) on arthritis rats, this study aims to explore the therapeutic effect and potential mechanism of GE on RA angiogenesis, involving the participation of phosphate and tension homology deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) and downstream pathways. Clinical manifestations, synovial pathomorphology, microvessel density and the level of angiogenesis-related factors were used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of GE on adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) rats. The proliferation, migration, tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) indicate the degree of angiogenesis in vitro. Lentivirus overexpression of PTEN was employed to elucidate the potential mechanism. The results showed that GE improved the degree of arthritis and angiogenesis in AA rats. PTEN was decreased significantly in vivo and in vitro, and over-expression of PTEN improved the biological function of HUVECs to inhibit angiogenesis. GE inhibited the proliferation, migration and tubule formation of HUVECs and plays an anti-angiogenesis role in vitro. Mechanism study showed that PTEN expression was increased and p-PI3K and p-Akt expression was decreased with GE treatment. It suggests that GE up-regulated the expression of PTEN and inhibited the activation of PI3K-Akt signal, which plays a role in inhibiting angiogenesis in RA in vivo and in vitro.
Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence for grading of ophthalmology imaging modalities
Authors: Cao Jessica , Katsnelson Glen , Chang-Kit Brittany , Far Parsa Merhraban , Uleryk Elizabeth , Ogunbameru Adeteju , Miranda Rafael Neves , Felfeli Tina 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
BackgroundWith the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) in ophthalmology, the need to define its diagnostic accuracy is increasingly important. The review aims to elucidate the diagnostic accuracy of AI algorithms in screening for all ophthalmic conditions in patient care settings that involve digital imaging modalities, using the reference standard of human graders.MethodsThis is a systematic review and meta-analysis. A literature search will be conducted on Ovid Medline, Ovid EMBASE, and Wiley Cochrane CENTRAL from January 1, 2000 to December 20, 2021. Studies will be selected via screening titles and abstracts, followed by full-text screening. Articles that compare the results of AI-graded ophthalmic images with results from human graders as a reference standard will be included. Systematic review software DistillerSR will be used to automate part of the screening process as an adjunct to human reviewers. After full text screening, data will be extracted from each study via the categories of study characteristics, patient information, AI methods, intervention, and outcomes. Risk of bias will be scored using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) by two trained independent reviewers. Disagreements at any step will be addressed by a third adjudicator. Study results will include summary receiver operating characteristic (sROC) curve plots as well as pooled sensitivity and specificity of artificial intelligence for detection of any ophthalmic conditions based on imaging modalities compared to the reference standard. Statistics will be calculated in R statistical software.DiscussionThis study will provide novel insights on diagnostic accuracy of AI in new domains of ophthalmology that have not been previously studied. The protocol also outlines the use of an AI-based software to assist article screening, which may serve as a reference for improving efficiency and accuracy of future large systematic reviews.Systematic Review Registration: This study is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021274441).
Stability of Clockwise Rotation of The Maxillary Occlusal Plane By Two-Jaw Surgery In Patients With Skeletal Class III Malocclusion
Authors: Kang Soon-young , Kim Young Ho , Baek Seung-Hak , Kim Dong Woo , Shin Jeong Won , Chae Hwa Sung 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction: To investigate the post-surgical stability of clockwise rotation of the maxillary occlusal plane (MXOP) after Le Fort I osteotomy for posterior impaction and advancement in skeletal Class III patients who had undergone two-jaw orthognathic surgery (2J-OGS).Materials and methods: Sample set consisted of 46 patients [18 males and 28 females]. Using lateral cephalograms taken at the initial (T0), before 2J-OGS (T1), after (T2), and at debonding (T3), The amount of MXOP change (criterion: 2° in ΔMXOP between T2-T3) was used to assign patients to Group1[G1, high relapse, 3.09°] or Group2 [G2, low relapse, -0.99°]. Statistical analyses were then performed.Results: Compared to G2, G1 exhibited more severe skeletal Class III relationships and a flatter MXOP at T0, a greater increase in ΔANB, and more clockwise rotation of ΔMXOP and ΔFMA during T1-T2, as well as a greater decrease in ΔANB, higher counterclockwise rotation of ΔMXOP, and upward movement of U1 during T2-T3. Regression analysis resulted in formulation of the following equation: MXOP(ΔT2-T3) = -0.37 X MXOP(ΔT1-T2) -0.43. Conclusions: The higher the clockwise rotation of the MXOP during 2J-OGS in skeletal Class III patients, the greater the relapse (counterclockwise rotation) in the MXOP.
The effect of COVID certificates on vaccine uptake, health outcomes, and the economy
Authors: Oliu-Barton Miquel , Pradel Bary SR , Woloszko Nicolas , Guetta-Jeanrenaud Lionel , Aghion Philippe , Artus Patrick , Fontanet Arnaud , Martin Philippe , Wolff Guntram B 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the COVID-19 pandemic, governments have, among other measures,1,2 mandated the use of COVID certificates to prove vaccination, recovery, or a recent negative test, and have required them to access shops, restaurants, schools, universities, or workplaces.3 While arguments for and against COVID certificates have focused on reducing transmission and ethical concerns,4,5 the incentive effect of COVID certificates on vaccine uptake, health outcomes, and the economy has not yet been investigated. To estimate this effect, we construct counterfactuals based on innovation diffusion theory6 for France, Germany, and Italy. We estimate that the announcement of COVID certificates during summer 2021 led to increased vaccine uptake in France of 13.0 (95% CI 9.7–14.9) percentage points (p.p.) of the total population up to the end of the year, in Germany 6.2 (2.6–6.9) p.p., and in Italy 9.7 (5.4–12.3) p.p. Further, this averted an additional 3,979 (3,453–4,298) deaths in France, 1,133 (-312–1,358) in Germany, and 1,331 (502–1,794) in Italy; and prevented gross domestic product (GDP) losses of €6.0 (5.9–6.1) billion in France, €1.4 (1.3–1.5) billion in Germany, and €2.1 (2.0–2.2) billion in Italy. Notably, the application of COVID certificates substantially reduced the pressure on intensive care units (ICUs) and, in France, averted occupancy levels being exceeded where prior lockdowns were instated. Varying government communication efforts and restrictions associated with COVID certificates may explain country differences, such as the smaller effect in Germany. Overall, our findings are more sizeable than predicted.7 This analysis may help inform decisions about when and how to employ COVID certificates to increase vaccine uptake and thus avoid stringent interventions, such as closures, curfews, and lockdowns, with major social and economic consequences.