bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease on immunosuppressive and biological therapy: Prospective observational study
Authors: Wasserbauer Martin , Hlava Stepan , Trojanek Milan , Stovicek Jan , Milota Tomas , Drabek Jiri , Koptová Petra , Cupkova Andrea , Pichlerová Dita , Kucerova Barbora , Coufal Stepan , Keil Radan 
Published: September 2022

Background and aims
SARS-CoV-2 is a worldwide serious health problem and vaccination seems to have a crucial role in managing the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this prospective observational study was to monitor the trend of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 after vaccination with BNT162b2 (COMIRNATY) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated by immunosuppressive and/or biological therapy, demonstrate whether any type of this therapy is associated with poorer production of antibodies against COVID-19 and evaluate the safety of vaccination against COVID-19 in these patients.

Methods
Eighty-seven eligible patients from one tertiary gastroenterological center with inflammatory bowel disease (60 with CD, 27 with UC) treated by immunosuppressive and/or biological therapy from the antiTNFα group were indicated to vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Effectiveness of vaccination was evaluated by the values of antibodies before and 4 weeks after 2nd dose of vaccine. Additional goal was to evaluate adverse events of vaccination.

Results
Before the 2nd dose of vaccine, geometric mean of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were 40.7 U/ml in the biological therapy group, 34.8 U/ml in the azathioprine group and 44.8 U/ml in the combination therapy group of patients. The geometric means were 676.5.7 U/ml in the biological therapy group, 614.4 U/ml in the azathioprine group and 500.1 U/ml in the combination therapy group of patients four weeks after 2nd dose. Statistically significant differences between these groups were not proved. Several non-severe local and general adverse events were present in our patients with a majority of these events on the day of vaccine administration and the day after, no anaphylactic reactions were present.

Conclusions
Our measurements proved the efficacy and safety of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated by immunosuppressive and/or biological therapy. Statistically significant differences between our groups of patients were not proved.
The diagnostic value of native kidney biopsy in low grade, subnephrotic, and nephrotic range proteinuria: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: de Fallois Jonathan , Schenk Soeren , Kowald Jan , Lindner Tom H. , Engesser Marie , Münch Johannes , Meigen Christof , Halbritter Jan 
Published: September 2022

Background
In nephrotic range proteinuria of adult-onset, kidney biopsy is the diagnostic gold standard in determining the underlying cause of disease. However, in low grade or subnephrotic proteinuria the diagnostic value of kidney biopsy as first-line diagnostics is less well established.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of all native kidney biopsies at our institution (n = 639) between 01/2012 and 05/2021 for comparison of histological diagnoses and clinical outcomes stratified by amount of proteinuria at the time of kidney biopsy: A: <300mg/g creatinine (low grade), B: 300-3500mg/g creatinine (subnephrotic), C >3500mg/g creatinine (nephrotic).

Results
Nephrotic range proteinuria was associated with the highest frequency (49.3%) of primary glomerulopathies followed by subnephrotic (34.4%) and low grade proteinuria (37.7%). However, within the subnephrotic group, the amount of proteinuria at kidney biopsy was linearly associated with renal and overall survival (HR 1.05 per Δ100mg protein/g creatinine (95% CI: 1.02–1.09, p = 0.001)) independent of present histological diagnoses and erythrocyturia.

Conclusion
Frequency of primary glomerulopathies supports to perform kidney biopsy in patients with subnephrotic proteinuria. These patients have a substantial risk of ESKD and death upon follow-up. Therefore, diagnostic accuracy including histopathology is essential to guide personalized treatment and avert detrimental courses.
The impact of the demographic shift on limb amputation incidence in Saskatchewan, Canada, 2006–2019
Authors: Essien Samuel Kwaku , Zucker-Levin Audrey 
Published: September 2022

Background
Changing demographics in a population may have an inevitable influence on disease incidence including limb amputation. However, the extent to which these changes affect limb amputation (LA) is unknown. Understanding the impact of changing demographics on LA would provide the best opportunity to plan for the future. We assessed the impact of changes in age and sex on limb amputation in Saskatchewan between 2006 and 2019.

Methods
Retrospective linked Saskatchewan’s LA cases, and demographic characteristics and residents population from 2006–2019 was used. The amputation rate was calculated by dividing the total number of LA cases recorded each year by the annual Saskatchewan resident population and the results expressed per 100,000 populations. Furthermore, decomposition analysis was used to assess the impact of changes in age and sex on LA in a decade (2008–2017) and the Generalized Additive Model (GAM) was employed to examine the linear and non-linear effect of age.

Results
We found that in the ten years (2008–2017), the absolute LA rate difference was 9.0 per 100,000 population. Changes in age structure alone contributed 7.7% to the LA rate increase and 92.3% to changes in age-specific LA rates. The decade witnessed a marginal population difference between males and females, but the LA rate was 2.1–2.2 times higher in males than in females. The GAM revealed a non-linear relationship between LA and age, and further indicates that the risk of LA significantly increased as age increases.

Conclusions
In a decade, we found that changes in age distribution and age-specific rate substantially impacted the increase in the LA rate observed in the province. This highlights the urgent need for strategized programs to respond to these changes as both the population and diabetes, which is age-dependent and a leading cause of LA, are expected to increase in the province by 2030. As changes in population and demographic factors are inevitable, this study provides data for policy makers on the need for continuous incorporation of the shift in population in the design of future health services.
Patterns of homelessness and housing instability and the relationship with mental health disorders among young people transitioning from out-of-home care: Retrospective cohort study using linked administrative data
Authors: Chikwava Fadzai , O’Donnell Melissa , Ferrante Anna , Pakpahan Eduwin , Cordier Reinie 
Published: September 2022

Objectives
The study examined the relationship between mental health, homelessness and housing instability among young people aged 15–18 years old who transitioned from out-of-home in 2013 to 2014 in the state of Victoria, Australia with follow-up to 2018. We determined the various mental health disorders and other predictors that were associated with different levels of homelessness risk, including identifying the impact of dual diagnosis of mental health and substance use disorder on homelessness.

Methodology
Using retrospective de-identified linked administrative data from various government departments we identified various dimensions of homelessness which were mapped from the European Topology of Homelessness (ETHOS) framework and associated mental health variables which were determined from the WHO ICD-10 codes. We used ordered logistic regression and Poisson regression analysis to estimate the impact of homelessness and housing instability respectively.

Results
A total homelessness prevalence of 60% was determined in the care-leaving population. After adjustment, high risk of homelessness was associated with dual diagnosis of mental health and substance use disorder, intentional self-harm, anxiety, psychotic disorders, assault and maltreatment, history of involvement with the justice system, substance use prior to leaving care, residential and home-based OHC placement and a history of staying in public housing.

Conclusions
There is clearly a need for policy makers and service providers to work together to find effective housing pathways and integrated health services for this heterogeneous group of vulnerable young people with complex health and social needs. Future research should determine longitudinally the bidirectional relationship between mental health disorders and homelessness.
(Un)Blurred Concept of Sovereign Rights at Sea : Implementation Context
Authors: Afriansyah Arie , Paruna Dila , Andiani Rania 
Published: September 2022

The term “sovereign rights” has been used on many occasions in referring to coastal states’ actions in exploring and exploiting the ocean’s natural resources beyond their sovereign territory. Not to mention the lack of comprehension between “sovereignty” and “sovereign rights” of the general public, it appears that the last term is also lacking clear definition available for a legal basis. This clarity is crucial to give the legal certainty for states’ entitlement to conduct actions within their jurisdictions. This paper tries to clarify the legal definition of “sovereign rights” under international dan national practice. It concludes that no single universally accepted definition of sovereign rights. The explanation of rights and duties of such a definition is mostly practiced both internationally and nationally. The finding is based on the survey of the implementation of international rules, international judgments, and Indonesian court decisions.
The Implementation of Establishing Marine Protected Area: Lessons Learned From Raja Ampat to Achieve Sustainable Fishery
Authors: Wartini Sri 
Published: September 2022

Raja Ampat has one of the world’s richest coral reef, because it is located in the heart of the coral triangle. However, due to human activities, such as overfishing, shipping as well as climate change has caused serious impacts to the existence of the coral reef and its habitats. As the member of the United Nations Law of the Sea Convention and the Biodiversity Convention, Indonesia has obligation to establish Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). The research aims to analyze comprehensively the implementation of establishing the MPA in Indonesia based on international and national law perspective and to examine whether the existence of the MPA in Raja Ampat can be used as a model to develop MPA in other area to achieve sustainable fishery. This study is a normative juridical research by applying conceptual and statutory approaches. The result of the research finds that the establishing of MPA in Raja Ampat has been successfully achieved sustainable Fishery as part of sustainable development. However, there are some challenges that have to be addressed, such as lack of monitoring in the MPAs due to the limitation of the budget as well as the illegal unreported and unregulated fishing conducted by the people outside indigenous community Thus, it is necessary to conduct monitoring cooperation among the MPAs.
Explainable AI: introducing trust and comprehensibility to AI engineering
Authors: Burkart Nadia , Brajovic Danilo , Huber Marco F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Machine learning (ML) rapidly gains increasing interest due to the continuous improvements in performance. ML is used in many different applications to support human users. The representational power of ML models allows solving difficult tasks, while making them impossible to be understood by humans. This provides room for possible errors and limits the full potential of ML, as it cannot be applied in critical environments. In this paper, we propose employing Explainable AI (xAI) for both model and data set refinement, in order to introduce trust and comprehensibility. Model refinement utilizes xAI for providing insights to inner workings of an ML model, for identifying limitations and for deriving potential improvements. Similarly, xAI is used in data set refinement to detect and resolve problems of the training data.
Evaluation of methods for 3D imaging and analysis of vascularisation in biopreparations
Authors: Zöller Nora , Franke Lisa , Claussen Joelle , Gerth Stefan , Rauh Cornelia , Radlanski Ralf J. , Hiller Karl-Heinz , Hildenbrand Markus F. , Wittenberg Thomas , Hufnagel Eva 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Motivation: Within the field of bio-implants one topic deals with the in-vitro production of 3D tissues from cell cultures. A major challenge in the cultivation of biopreparations is the imitation of the vascular system with its surrounding tissue. Additiv manufacturing of such vascularisation could be supported with an adequate template from high-resolution 3D radiographs. Goals: Evaluation of highresolution 3D-imaging methods and 3D-analysis approaches to extract the vascularisation from tissue samples. Methods: To provide such template, vascular structure of small tissues samples (partially treated with contrast medium) were recorded and compared using high-resolution CT and MRI imaging modalities. Optimal measurement parameters were selected for the acquisition of very small vessels. Interactive and semi-automated segmentation of the vessel system were investigated and compared. Results: MRI scans yield a higher contrast than CT scans, but are much slower. Duration of interactive segmentation ranges between 1 to 12 hours. Runtime of the (semi) automatic method was between 5 and 20 minutes, not counting manual adjustment of the parameters. Correlation between manual and automatic segmentation yield Hausdorff distances of 0.024 (CT) and 0.74 (MRI) and Dice coefficients of 0.7 (CT) and 0.39 (MRI). Conclusion: Both imaging methods are appropriate for high-resolution vessel detection and segmentation, nevertheless, MRI with no contrast agent seems preferable if the imaging time can be reduced.
“Are you breathing?” – Design, build and testing of a low-cost, portable respiratory rate monitor
Authors: Dawood Junaid , Muller Matthew , Carlson Craig S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A patient’s respiratory rate is one of the critical vital signs that is a determinant of patient well-being. However, it is all too often neglected or misreported by health care professionals. This study presents the design, build and testing of a low-cost, portable monitor to facilitate accurate reporting of respiratory rate. The monitor comprised a thermistor-based transducer to capture the breath cycle of patients based on the temperature differential created across the thermistor. The signal was conditioned and processed such that the signal could be analysed to identify the peaks and ultimately determine the respiratory rate. For a total cost at the time of development of less than C40, the integrated system demonstrated a modest average error of 5.6% across a range of different ambient temperatures, rate and depth of breathing, and orifice of breathing. This is comparable with other commercial and custom devices. The presented monitor may be of interest for use in an emergency room or clinical setting, especially in severely resource-constrained countries.
Improving Equine Intramedullary Nail Osteosynthesis via Fracture Adjacent Polymer Reinforcement
Authors: Lang Jan J. , Baylacher Veronika , Micheler Carina M. , Wilhelm Nikolas J. , Hinterwimmer Florian , Schwaiger Benedikt , Barnewitz Dirk , Eisenhart-Rothe Rüdiger von , Grosse Christian U. , Burgkart Rainer 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Osteosynthesis of the equine femur is still a challenge for veterinary medicine. Even though intramedullary fracture fixation is possible nowadays, the varying geometry of the medullary cavity along the bone axis is a critical factor. Limited contact area between implant and bone can cause insufficient primary stability. In this study, it was investigated whether the osteosynthesis stability can be improved with a form-adaptive reinforcement for the diaphyseal part of the proximal fragment. Material and Methods: Eight equine femora were fitted with intramedullary nail osteosynthesis and analyzed by 4-point bending. Virtual position planning of the ex-vivo implantation using CT-data increased comparability. For five femora the proximal fragment was reinforced with a flexible polymer mixture. Longterm stability was tested via cyclic loading. Bending stiffness and its development due to cyclic loading was evaluated before and after reinforcement procedure. Finally, load-to-failure was tested in the same setup. Results and Discussion: The application of the polymer reinforcement increased the maximum torque in the load-tofailure measurement by 26%. Bending stiffness was not affected in the measured loading range by the reinforcement. Cyclic loading increased bending stiffness for a conditioned state but showed to be reversible for the most part. Conclusion: The fracture adjacent reinforcement showed to be beneficial to the osteosynthesis stability, but further investigation is necessary for surgical application.
Refining the Eikonal Model to Reproduce the Influence of Atrial Tissue Geometry on Conduction Velocity
Authors: Skupien Nils , Barrios Espinosa Cristian , Dössel Olaf , Loewe Axel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Atrial fibrillation is responsible for a significant and steadily rising burden. Simultaneously, the treatment options for atrial fibrillation are far from optimal. Personalized simulations of cardiac electrophysiology could assist clinicians in the risk stratification and therapy planning for atrial fibrillation. However, the use of personalized simulations in clinics is currently not possible due to either too high computational costs or non-sufficient accuracy. Eikonal simulations come with low computational costs but cannot replicate the influence of cardiac tissue geometry on the conduction velocity of the wave propagation. Consequently, they currently lack the required accuracy to be applied in clinics. Biophysically detailed simulations on the other hand are accurate but associated with too high computational costs. To tackle this issue, a regression model is created based on biophysically detailed bidomain simulation data. This regression formula calculates the conduction velocity dependent on the thickness and curvature of the heart wall. Afterwards the formula was implemented into the eikonal model with the goal to increase the accuracy of the eikonal model without losing its advantage of computational efficiency. The results of the modified eikonal simulations demonstrate that (i) the local activation times become significantly closer to those of the biophysically detailed bidomain simulations, (ii) the advantage of the eikonal model of a low sensitivity to the resolution of the mesh was reduced further, and (iii) the unrealistic occurrence of endo-epicardial dissociation in simulations was remedied. The results suggest that the accuracy of the eikonal model was significantly increased. At the same time, the additional computational costs caused by the implementation of the regression formula are neglectable. In conclusion, a successful step towards a more accurate and fast computational model of cardiac electrophysiology was achieved.
A Six Degree of Freedom Extrusion Bioprinter
Authors: Budde Leon , Ihler Sontje , Spindeldreier Svenja , Lücking Tobias , Meyer Tim , Bodenschatz Eberhard , Zimmermann Wolfram-Hubertus 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Motivated by a high demand, the research interest in personalized artificial tissues is steadily increasing. Combining knowledge of additive manufacturing and tissue engineering, the research field of 3D bioprinting emerged. This work presents a six-degree-of-freedom mechanically actuated extrusion bioprinter within a sterile working environment. The system is based on an off-the-shelf robot arm and a custom modular printhead end-effector. Advanced dexterity is achieved by the six degrees of freedom, enabling printing on non-planar surfaces. The printhead is designed for co-axial extrusion of three fluids but can easily be adapted for different number of fluids or different extrusion flows. The custom controller of the system is implemented within the Robot Operating System (ROS) framework and plans the trajectory based on a path given in a custom GCode dialect. Since the robot is clean-room-certified, can be sterilized using hydrogen peroxide steam, and is placed within a sterile hood, the setup enables working under sterile conditions.
A participatory approach to redesign a tube connecting system for home parental nutrition
Authors: Volz Diana , Benderoth Gunther , Erol Serkan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Patients receiving parenteral nutrition at home suffer from a lower quality of life as they receive continuous therapy for up to 16 hours a day. It is not possible to interrupt nutriton therapy for everyday activities, as any interruption poses a health risk to the patient. Therefore, a ambulatory care services comes twice a day to connect and disconnect. The aim of this project is to develop a system that makes it manageable for patients to interrupt their feeding therapy in a self-determined way. In order to achieve this, enginners and social scientists collaborated to conduct an ergonomics study using the Design of Experiments(DoE) method to compare three commonly used connection systems. Analysis of variance(ANOVA) was used to secure the tests. In parallel, the probands were asked about their subiective feelings during the closure process. The results provided indications for the redesign of a home parenteral nutrition system. As safety is a crucial issue, the opening and closing process of the system was virtually simulated with the min. and max. finger force of the test persons in order to ensure a safe connection and disconnection with the system at all times. Overall, this participatory approach enable the design of the closure system to take account patients'fears wishes.
Cost-utility Analysis of Home Mechanical Ventilation Compared to Hospital Settings in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Gajdoš Ondřej , Rožánek Martin , Donin Gleb , Kamenský Vojtěch 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a progressive neuromuscular disease. Mechanical ventilation delays death and use at home can reduce costs and increase quality of life. The aim of the study is comparison of home mechanical ventilation with mechanical ventilation in a healthcare facility for adult patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis from the societal perspective in the Czech Republic. The Markov model from a previous Czech study was used and updated with data revelant to the societal perspective, which was obtained from the literature and opinions of experts from companies dealing with home mechanical ventilation. The cost-utility analysis was carried out over a time horizont of 10 years and results were presented in incremental cost-utility ratio. Accuracy and validity were verified by probabilistic sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis. The cumulative costs of home mechanical ventilation are CZK 6,116,394 and the cumulative utilities of home mechanical ventilation are CZK 8,195,848. The cumulative utilities of home mechanical ventilation are 3.55 QALY and the cumulative utilities of mechanical ventilation are 3.78 QALY. The incremental cost-utility ratio is CZK 9,094,042. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis do not show significant changes. Home mechanical ventilation may be considered cost-effective for patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis from the societal perspective.