bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genres in Interpretation
Authors: Gelbart Matthew 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
One way that Romantic genres connect to the present day is through the question of interpretation. This excursion into the traditions of hermeneutics and criticism considers the ways in which generic awareness may open up, but may also narrow, how people make and listen to music. The focus here is on reading intertextual allusions in the music of a particularly generically “reverent” composer, Brahms, whose music has, precisely because of his reverence, provoked difficult interpretive questions. Three different types of allusion work differently in relation to genre: topical allusion, formal allusion, and melodic allusion. Brahms often blurred these, but the last has been the focus of most modern work on Brahmsian allusions. Reinforcing the idea that genre is primarily determined as a field of intertextual references in the mind of an audience community, this chapter considers which allusions Brahms might have expected his target audiences to perceive in the pieces he wrote and named a certain way. It argues that except in the most intimate private genres, and especially in large public genres, claims of melodic allusions in Brahms are most convincing and interpretively fruitful when they tell publicly perceptible stories about genres themselves and their relationships. Generally such allusions reference pieces in closely related but not “identical” genres, and help position these familial genres in relation to each other.
The Cooperative, Transformative Organization of Human Action and Knowledge
Authors: Goodwin Charles 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFocusing on a range of features that are central to the constitution of action, this chapter is an empirically based theoretical contribution to the field of research attempting to understand how human sociality is established and sustained. Human action is intensely, perhaps uniquely, cooperative. Individual actions are constructed by assembling diverse materials, including language structure, prosody, and visible embodied displays. Semiotically charged objects, such as maps, when included within local action, incorporate ways of knowing and acting upon the world that have been inherited from predecessors. New action is built by performing systematic, selective operations on these public configurations of resources. The way in which a single action encompasses different kinds of resources makes possible (1) distinctive forms of cooperative social organization as alternatively positioned actors contribute different kinds of structure to a single shared action (e.g., the talk of a speaker and the silent visible displays of hearer work together to construct a turn-at-talk and the utterance emerging within it); and (2) the accumulation and differentiation through time within local cooperative transformation zones of dense substrates that create a multiplicity of settings for action. Each setting for action must be inhabited by competent members who have mastered the culturally specific practices required to perform the activities that animate the lifeworld of a particular community. Through the progressive development of, and apprenticeship within, diverse epistemic ecologies, communities invest their members with the resources required to understand each other in just the ways that make possible the accomplishment of ongoing, situated action. Human beings inhabit each other's actions.
Sex and the Sociological Dope
Authors: Schilt Kristen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Harold Garfinkel’s case study of “Agnes,” a young woman assigned male at birth who sought medical treatment at the University of California at Los Angeles in the late 1950s, is widely characterized as the first sociological case study of a person who might today identify as transgender. While myriad scholars have reinterpreted his written case material over the years, less attention has been paid to locating his theoretical insights about “sex status” within the context of the social sciences of the late 1950s and early 1960s. Drawing on published works and archival materials, the author situates Garfinkel’s writing about Agnes within the then-dominant strands of sociological and psychoanalytic thinking about sex and gender. In particular, the chapter focuses on the distinctive sociological lens through which Garfinkel interpreted Agnes’s life history through a juxtaposition of Garfinkel’s work with that of his collaborator on Agnes’s case, psychiatrist Robert J. Stoller.
Garfinkel, Social Problems, and Deviance
Authors: Weinberg Darin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGarfinkel and his earliest colleagues in ethnomethodology rejected the then conventional marginalization of the myriad forms of social knowledge, skill, and reason possessed by members of society themselves, and their derogation in the face of scientific sociology. Indeed, they installed the fine-grained analyses of members’ methods at sociology’s very core. Nowhere were these revolutionary initiatives more vividly displayed than in the study of social problems and deviance. This chapter traces the origins, expansion, and diffusion of ethnomethodological contributions to the study of social problems and deviance. More specifically, the chapter provides occasion to reflect on whether efforts to reconcile tensions within ethnomethodology between its own evaluative and value-neutral tendencies may contribute to overcoming the long-standing tensions between evaluative and value-neutral tendencies in the sociological subdiscipline of social problems and deviance. The chapter is divided into four sections. The first briefly reviews the historical development of social problems and deviance as a distinctive subdiscipline of sociology. The second section discusses various ways in which Garfinkel and other ethnomethodologists intervened in the study of deviance and social problems. The third section focuses on Garfinkel’s enduring legacy. The final section provides some concluding remarks.
The Sherlock Experiment
Authors: Livingston Eric , Heritage John 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn psychology experiments on reasoning, the experimental subjects typically are given a number of logical or mathematical problems; the subjects’ individual responses are aggregated and compared with mathematically-correct solutions; inferences based on such comparisons are then made about the underlying mechanisms of human reasoning. In contrast, the Sherlock Experiment was designed to force the members of an experimental group to talk about and work toward a common solution to a given crime puzzle thereby, hopefully, making observable how the members of the group cultivated and assessed the adequacy of their own reasoning. Unexpectedly, the central resource for the group members was not the textual descriptions of the crime and the clues that had been given to them beforehand; instead, the fundamental grounds for their collaboration were what they themselves had said and were saying about the crime. Their task and problem, for themselves, was to find a solution to the crime by discovering the coherence of their own developing discussion of it. The material suggests not only the use of such experimental settings to examine how people observably reason together, but the possibility of investigating the congregational origins of reasoning’s phenomena.
Ethnomethodology and Atypical Interaction
Authors: Maynard Douglas W. , Turowetz Jason J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite its dependency on common-sense knowledge, sociology as a field has yet to confront the fact that there simply is no time out from its use at any level of practical endeavor, including the most sophisticated theoretical and methodological efforts of scientific activity itself. The theme of this chapter is to suggest why the wider discipline could benefit from increased ethnomethodological inquiry, and to demonstrate just how such inquiry and its offshoot, conversation analysis (CA), contribute to the profession and larger society. Such endeavors were well within the realm of Garfinkel’s own ambitions. To get at the devices of commonsense, Garfinkel’s (1967: 37) stated preference was to “start with familiar scenes and ask what can be done to make trouble”—for example, directing his students to question what their friends, acquaintances, or partners meant by the most commonplace remarks. However, that strategy leaves uninvestigated more naturalistic breaches and the forms of reasoning on the part of so-called trouble-makers—i.e., those whose conduct threatens what we otherwise take for granted. Ethnomethodological studies of disability and atypical interaction may provide access to forms of reasoning that have an integrity in their own right. This chapter, with a specific focus on autism spectrum disorder, shows how the actions of children being tested and diagnosed may challenge the commonsense order of clinical reasoning. Such conduct provides opportunities for common-sense actors, whether professional or lay, to alter or expand their repertoires of reasoning. Entering and comprehending the world of the “other” also expands the parameters of local social arrangements themselves.
Hold Your Friends Close
Authors: Logan Sarah 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Holding Your Friends Close: Countering Radicalization in Britain and America examines counterradicalization policies in the UK and United States, informed by both history and theory. The book traces the evolution of the threat of jihadi homegrown extremism and outlines a history of the counterradicalization policies that emerged globally in response. It takes the UK and United States as case studies within this broader analysis and provides a detailed policy history for each jurisdiction, interrogating policy measures, legislation, and the policies’ broader historical and political context. The book situates counterradicalization policies and homegrown extremism itself in the context of citizenship theory, transnationalism, and the concept of political community.
Softly Softly
Authors: Logan Sarah 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter introduces the puzzle underpinning this book’s analysis. It identifies counterradicalization measures as different to traditional counterterrorism measures in that they are concerned with integration and persuasion rather than coercion. It highlights the fact that these types of policies exist in a range of different states, and asks why such measures appear to have emerged in the post-9/11 era. The chapter goes on to define key terms used in the book, including radicalization, homegrown extremism, and political community, and symbolic power. It also outlines relevant literatures and theoretical frameworks, including constructivist counterterrorism studies, citizenship theory, transnationalism, and critical terrorism studies.
To form a more perfect union
Authors: Logan Sarah 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDiscourses about “American values” pervade American CVE policy. This chapter interrogates the meaning of “American values” in three ways. First, it provides a brief history of US citizenship and integration policies—the means by which immigrants are encouraged to become American. Second, it outlines the history of US citizen violence against the state and pre-9/11 responses to it, from the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 to the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996. Third, it gives a brief history of the emergence of the threat of homegrown extremism in the post-9/11 era, prior to the introduction of federal CVE programs.
Conclusion
Authors: Logan Sarah 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter summarizes the arguments made in the book. The bulk of the chapter is dedicated to outlining the argument that both counterradicalization and homegrown extremism are concerned with ideas of political community. In particular, counterradicalization policies are concerned with integration as a counterradicalization measure and with persuasive rather than coercive approaches. The chapter goes on to summarize similarities and differences between UK and US approaches to the issue, situating the analysis in the context of constructivist counterterrorism literature. It ends by integrating broader literatures on transnationalism and citizenship theory and by briefly offering lessons for policymakers.
Psychophysiological Responses to Mobile News Videos
Authors: Soroka Stuart N. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Building on the results from Chapter 5, this chapter lends additional support to both the physical and cognitive access model and the post-exposure processing model by using a second set of psychophysiological measures, skin conductance levels (SCL) and heart rate variability (HRV), to replicate the effects of mobile devices on attention to news content. This chapter additionally supplements our eye-tracking experiments by using video stimuli instead of text stimuli, manipulating story tone, and isolating the effect of screen size as a possible mechanism for the effects. These differences between the experiments presented in Chapter 5 and herein lend robustness to our results and permit us to test the effect of screen size as an influential feature of mobile technology. HRV and SCL results show that screen size does indeed curb cognitive access to online video news, and even more so for negative online video news.
The French Invention of Menopause and the Medicalisation of Women's Ageing
Authors: Downham Moore Alison M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Doctors writing about menopause in France vastly outnumbered those in other cultures throughout the entire nineteenth century. The concept of menopause was invented by Frenchmen medical students in the aftermath of the French Revolution, becoming an important pedagogic topic and a common theme of doctors’ professional identities in postrevolutionary biomedicine. Older women were identified as an important patient cohort for the expanding medicalisation of French society and were advised to entrust themselves to the hygienic care of doctors in managing the whole era of life from around and after the final cessation of menses. However, menopause owed much of its conceptual weft to earlier themes of women as the sicker sex, of vitalist crisis, of the vapours, and of astrological climacteric years. This book is the first comprehensive study of the origins of the medical concept of menopause, richly contextualising its role in nineteenth-century French medicine and revealing the complex threads of meaning that informed its invention. It tells a complex story of how women’s ageing featured in the demographic revolution in modern science, in the denigration of folk medicine, in the unique French field of hygiène, and in the fixation on women in the emergence of modern psychiatry. It also reveals the nineteenth-century French origins of the still-current medical and alternative-health approaches to women’s ageing as something to be managed through gynaecological surgery, hormonal replacement, and lifestyle intervention.
Crises, Critical Ages, and the ‘Invention’ of la Ménopause, c.1770–1812
Authors: Downham Moore Alison M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In the period of crisis, chaos, competition, and the collapse of tradition in French medicine following the 1789 revolution, the first specialist French medical theses were written on women’s final cessation of menses, depicting it as a ‘critical time’ in the female life cycle. Central to such ideas was the vitalist view of women’s nature espoused especially in the Montpellier medical faculty, which characterised menstrual changes as ‘critical times’, emphasising Hippocratic concepts of crisis as a form of positive adaptation of the organism to a new mode of vital organisation. Post-revolutionary Paris medical interpretations of such ideas influenced by the work of Bordeu, Vigarous, Cabanis, and Pinel instead fixated on the neologism la ménopause for the performance of a new kind of anti-pathological insistence that marked trainee doctors as scientific moderns. Inter-institutional rivalries helped to drive the proliferation of menopause medical theses, as indicated by the wave of new Montpellier dissertations on women’s ‘critical age’ over the four decades following Charles-Paul-Louis de Gardanne’s thesis and other Paris works after 1812. Paris scholars responded in turn with a veritable flood of at least forty new books and theses focused on menopause throughout the period between 1813 and 1865, slightly less than one every year. Crucial in the spread of vitalist ideas about women’s ageing was the influence of the Aquitaine-born and Montpellier-trained Parisian medical writer and journalist Pierre Roussel (1742-1802), who had so sharply differentiated the biology and psychology of the sexes. Section Headings: • The Meaning of Crisis in Montpellier Vitalism • The First Specialist Medical Works on Women’s Critical Age
Menstruation, Vapours, Hypochondria, and Hysteria
Authors: Downham Moore Alison M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The final cessation of menses became medicalised in part through its marginal association with three categories of nervous pathologies which flourished in medical writing from the end of the seventeenth century, enduring into the nineteenth century: the vapours, hysteria, and hypochondria. These pathologies were not particularly thought to affect older women. Nonetheless, because nervous diseases were increasingly discussed in relation to young women’s menstruation, plethora, pre-menstrual times, pregnancy, and suppressed menses, post-menstruating women were sometimes also included in the grouping of states of uterine change which made women more susceptible to nervous and mental illness. Nervous diseases, it was thought, were a product of luxury and civilisation—urban life, stale air, sedentary lifeways, overeating, exotic foods and beverages, licentiousness, and corporeal laziness. Menopause medicine absorbed ideas about the confluence of uterine change with the effects of modern affluent lifeways previously elaborated in earlier works describing hysteria, hypochondria, and the vapours. A medical view emerged of urban elite women in modern France as generally more prone to nervous diseases during times of uterine change, including around the final cessation of menses, via the ‘sympathies’ of the uterus with the nervous system and the brain.Section Headings: • Uterine and Ovarian Reductionism • Vapours, Hysteria, and the Assemblage of Menopause • The Nineteenth-Century Assimilation of Vapours and Hysteria to Emerging Discourses of Menopause • The Emergence of Menopausal Nervous Pathology • Menopausal Hypochondria and Hysteria • The Longevity of Menopausal Nervous Pathologies
Instrumentalising the Ancient Past and Folk Traditions
Authors: Downham Moore Alison M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
French doctors in the nineteenth century were exquisitely conscious of themselves as modern subjects in the history of medicine and told a variety of historical stories about their place in the development of science. Their accounts of folk medicine, and of both continuity and rupture with the ‘ancients’ and with early modern medicine, misattributed ideas to these concurrent and earlier traditions in order variously to lean upon them, or to posture against them. The first half of this chapter considers doctors’ use of the ancient and early modern medical past in formulating ideas about menopause. The second part focuses on doctors’ claims about folk healers, empirics, charlatans, midwives, and commères giving purgative remedies to women as a treatment for menopause. In developing a symptomatology of menopause, French doctors claimed to be resisting traditional popular assumptions, while in fact introducing a novel reductionist account of women’s entire physiology as dominated by the uterus, which they characterised as traditionally Hippocratic. Section Headings: • Menopause and the Invention of Hippocratic Tradition • Inventing Ancient Traditions of Menopause Pathology • Androgynous Ageing • Charlatans, Empirics, Midwives, and Commères in the Medical Reclamation of Women’s Health • Purgatives, Empirics, and Menopause
Menopause, Erotomania, and Degeneration in French Psychiatry
Authors: Downham Moore Alison M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The role of French psychiatric ideas between 1850 and 1912 in pathologising menopause was significant in developing the cultural stigma associated with this stage of women’s lives, and for medical ideas about the need to treat menopause in general. Alienists and psychiatrists were entranced by the notion of women’s generative organs exerting a negative ‘sympathetic’ influence on their nervous systems and minds, and with the idea that moments of physiological change (such as puberty, pregnancy, lactation, menstruation, and menopause) produced madness, effectively accounting for most of women’s lives between the end of childhood and old age. They also characterised many forms of older women’s sexuality as necessarily perverse and degenerate, focused on the concept of menopausal ‘erotomania’. From the 1870s until around 1920, French psychiatric and neurological writers discussing menopause began increasingly to use the term involution to describe the tissue changes in the uterus and ovaries following the cessation of menses. Like the words dégénération or dégénérescence, involution suggested a reversal of progress, and was used in French works to refer to the ageing process in which the sex-specific traits of women after puberty reverted to the pre-pubescent state, where menstruation did not occur and conception was not possible. Section Headings: • Sexual Ageing as Degeneration • The Absorption of Women’s Ageing into French Degenerationist Psychiatry • Menopausal Erotomania and Degeneration
Women Writers’ Fictional, Autobiographical, and Epistolary Responses to Medical Discourses About Women’s Ageing, 1900–1930
Authors: Downham Moore Alison M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter considers how other kinds of women writers, who were not medical researchers, doctors, or midwives, responded to medical discourses about their ageing during the period of particular French fascination with women’s reproductive ageing in the late nineteenth century and up to 1930. For the generation of educated women born in the second half of the nineteenth century, reaching midlife between 1880 and 1930, the medical concepts of their ‘critical age’ around the ages of 45–50 years—when their ageing suddenly began but which they should also not worry about, because that too would make them sick—was now widely disseminated in French society. The chapter compares four women writers who were all born and raised in the nineteenth century and who wrote about ageing in fictional, epistolary, or autobiographical ways through the peak period of French medical discourses of the critical age, the âge de retour and menopause. Section Headings: • Yvette Guilbert, Les Demi-vieilles, 1902 •Comtesse de Tramar (Marie-Fanny de Lamarque de Lagarrigue), L’Amour obligatoire, 1900 • Marthe Bertheaume (Anne Darcanne-Mouroux), L’Âge mystique, 1928 • Colette, La Naissance du jour, 1928