bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD147 Targeting by AC-73 Induces Autophagy and Reduces Intestinal Fibrosis Associated with TNBS Chronic Colitis
Authors: Butera Alessia , Quaranta Maria Teresa , Crippa Luca , Spinello Isabella , Saulle Ernestina , Di Carlo Nazzareno , Campanile Doriana , Boirivant Monica , Labbaye Catherine 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Intestinal fibrosis is a common complication of inflammatory bowel diseases. Medical treatment of intestinal fibrosis is an unmet therapeutic need. CD147 overexpression can induce myofibroblast differentiation associated with extracellular matrix deposition, favouring the development of fibrosis. To understand whether CD147 may promote intestinal fibrosis, we analysed its expression and blocked its function by using its specific inhibitor AC-73 [3-{2-[([1,1’-biphenyl]-4-ylmethyl) amino]-1-hydroxyethyl} phenol] in the murine TNBS [trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid]-chronic colitis model associated with intestinal fibrosis.

Methods
TNBS chronic colitis was induced by weekly intrarectal administration of escalating doses of TNBS. Ethanol-treated and untreated mice were used as controls. Separated groups of TNBS, ethanol-treated or untreated mice received AC-73 or vehicle administered intraperitoneally from day 21 to day 49. At day 49, mice were killed, and colons collected for histological analysis, protein and RNA extraction. CD147, α-SMA and activated TGF-β1 protein levels, CD147/ERK/STAT3 signalling pathway and autophagy were assessed by Western blot, collagen and inflammatory/fibrogenic cytokines mRNA tissue content by quantitative PCR.

Results
In mice with chronic TNBS colitis, CD147 protein level increased during fibrosis development in colonic tissue, as compared to control mice. CD147 inhibition by AC-73 treatment reduced intestinal fibrosis, collagen and cytokine mRNA tissue content, without significant modulation of activated TGF-β1 protein tissue content. AC-73 inhibited CD147/ERK1/2 and STAT3 signalling pathway activation and induced autophagy.

Conclusions
CD147 is a potential new target for controlling intestinal fibrosis and its inhibitor, AC-73, might represent a potential new anti-fibrotic therapeutic option in IBD.
Guidelines for the management of male urinary tract infections in primary care: a lack of international consensus—a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Soudais Benjamin , Ribeaucoup Florian , Schuers Matthieu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
The management of adult male urinary tract infections (mUTIs) in primary care lacks international consensus. The main objective of this study was to describe the different guidelines for the diagnosis and management of mUTIs in primary care, to assess their methodological quality, and to describe their evidence-based strength of recommendation (SoR).

Methods
An international systematic literature review of the electronic databases Medline (PubMed) and EMBASE, and gray-literature guideline-focused databases was performed in 2021. The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) assessment tool was used by 2 independent reviewers to appraise each guideline.

Results
From 1,678 records identified, 1,558 were screened, 134 assessed for eligibility, and 29 updated guidelines met the inclusion criteria (13 from Medline, 0 from EMBASE, and 16 from gray literature). Quality assessment revealed 14 (48%) guidelines with high-quality methodology. A grading system methodology was used in 18 (62%) guidelines. Different classifications of mUTIs are described, underlining a lack of international consensus: an anatomic classification (cystitis, prostatitis, pyelonephritis) and a symptomatic classification (approach based on the intensity and tolerance of symptoms). The duration of antibiotic treatment for febrile mUTIs has been gradually reduced over the last 20 years from 28 days to 10–14 days of fluoroquinolones (FQ), which has become the international gold standard. Guidelines from Scandinavian countries propose short courses (3–5 days) of FQ-sparing treatments: pivmecillinam, nitrofurantoin, or trimethoprim. Guidelines from French-speaking countries use a watchful waiting approach and suggest treating mUTIs with FQ, regardless of fever.

Conclusions
This lack of scientific evidence leads to consensus and disagreement: 14 days of FQ for febrile mUTIs is accepted despite a high risk of antimicrobial resistance, but FQ-sparing treatment and/or short treatment for afebrile mUTIs is not. The definition of afebrile UTIs/cystitis is debated and influences the type and duration of antibiotic treatment recommended.
New Non-native PseudocrypticCyclorhipidionSpecies (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini) Found in the United States as Revealed in a Multigene Phylogeny
Authors: Smith Sarah M , Cognato Anthony I 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPseudocryptic species, those that are difficult to diagnose using traditional taxonomic methods, are serious impediments for recognizing the introduction of non-native species. Rapid identification of species facilitates a rapid response to newly introduced species which can lessen their damaging effects. This situation is acute for known pest species such as xyleborine ambrosia beetles which are difficult to identify given minute morphological, often variable, diagnostic characters. These beetles have been introduced into non-native temperate regions and have caused economic and ecological havoc. In this study, we produced DNA-based phylogenies using four genes for individuals of Cyclorhipidion bodoanum (Reitter, 1913), C. distinguendum (Eggers, 1930), and C. pelliculosum (Eichhoff, 1878) sampled from their introduced and native Asian ranges and as well as other Cyclorhipidion species. In addition, we review subtle morphological characters for diagnostic potential for these similar species. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis produced well-resolved and supported phylogeny that provided evidence for multiple introductions of C. bodoanum and C. distinguendum into the United States and the occurrence of pseudocryptic species. The ambrosia beetles Cyclorhipidion tenuigraphum (Schedl, 1953) and C. nemesis Smith & Cognato, sp. nov. are reported in North America for the first time. We find that the pattern of elytral interstrial setae is an unrealized source for the identification of Cyclorhipidion species. This study resulted in the recognition of six species adventive to the United States with the revised status of C. californicum (Wood, 1975). All species known from North American are diagnosed, illustrated and a key is provided.
The Control Theory as Multidimensional Concept
Authors: Cupido Marjolein 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The judgment in Ntaganda constitutes a landmark decision in which the Appeals Chamber of the International Criminal Court (ICC) for the first time accepted an accused’s criminal liability based on indirect co-perpetration. And yet, the concept of indirect co-perpetration continues to remain heavily contested. In this article, I use the Ntaganda Trial and Appeals Chamber judgments as a starting point for disentangling the control theory. I argue that the concept of control is a multidimensional theory. It is based on both empirical and normative considerations and constitutes a mixture of individual and collective liability. The meaning of control is not uniform: it varies along several dimensions that are applied depending on the facts of the case. The ICC’s flexible application of the notion of control does not fit well with the uniform framework it has drawn up in establishing the liability of indirect co-perpetrators. There is a gap between the law in the books and the law in action, which triggers questions about the possibilities and limitations of judicial creativity at the ICC. To enable better public accountability, transparency and legal certainty, I propose a model of factor-based reasoning at the ICC that can streamline and better justify what currently is a very fluid liability theory generating problematic case law.
Reconsidering International Compensation in Historical Context
Authors: Barnes Ashley 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
There is growing interest in the push for individuals to seek direct remedies, notably compensation, for violations of international law. Yet, there is more for scholars to glean from the historical antecedents of compensation for individuals as a recurring idea in international law. The notion of ‘international claims’ can be traced back to the late 18th century. International claims commissions began as ad hoc arrangements that tended to follow wars. In contrast to existing historical accounts, however, the author shows there is more at work in the international law precedents for present-day mass claims than a simple rise and fall of a single idea of compensation, with the occasional isolated contemporary resurfacing. The author contends instead that the history of compensation is deeply linked to its context—meaning different things in different periods—and reflected in four models of compensation (Collateral Private Claims, Arbitration–Diplomatic Protection, Reparations and Institutional-Transition).
Assessing the effects of fiscal policy news under imperfect information
Authors: Corrado Luisa , Silgado-Gómez Edgar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe study the transmission of fiscal policy under imperfect information where government spending is composed of permanent and transitory components. Agents learn about the previous processes by only observing overall public spending and a noisy signal. Under this theoretical setting, we construct a novel measure of fiscal policy news and show that the estimated variable agrees with the historical narrative evidence for the US economy. Our measure captures sluggish information shocks rather than revisions with the benefit of being generated by a theoretical model. We then document the effects of this proxy on economic activity by using local projection methods. The results indicate that real activity indicators exhibit delayed positive effects. We also notice that public debt shrinks and tax revenues increase after 2 years due to the delayed output expansion in the aftermath of the fiscal news shock.
Comparison of Sequential Dalbavancin With Standard-of-Care Treatment for Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections
Authors: Molina Kyle C , Lunowa Cali , Lebin Madelyn , Segerstrom Nunez Andrea , Azimi Sara F , Krsak Martin , Mueller Scott W , Miller Matthew A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Dalbavancin (DAL) is a long-acting lipoglycopeptide with activity against Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). This study investigates DAL as sequential therapy in S. aureus bloodstream infections (BSIs).

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study from 2014 to 2021 comparing sequential DAL with standard-of-care therapy (SoC) for S. aureus BSI. The primary outcome was 90-day clinical failure (90-day all-cause mortality or 90-day recurrence). Secondary outcomes were incidence of acute kidney injury, creatinine phosphokinase elevations, catheter-related thrombosis, and hospital-acquired infections. Analyses were adjusted using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW).

Results
Overall, 225 patients (45 DAL, 180 SoC) were included. DAL patients had a higher incidence of community-acquired infection and persons who use drugs; SoC patients had more comorbidities and a longer duration of bacteremia. MRSA incidence was similar between the DAL and SoC groups. The median length of stay was 16 days among DAL recipients compared with 24 days among SoC recipients. Central catheter placement was 17.8% compared with 57.2% in the SoC group. Ninety-day clinical failure occurred in 13.3% and 18.3% of participants in the DAL and SOC groups, respectively. In IPTW-adjusted analysis, sequential DAL was not associated with 90-day clinical failure (adjusted odds ratio, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.333–2.32).

Conclusions
This study provides preliminary evidence that select patients with S. aureus BSI treated with sequential DAL have similar clinical failure rates, with significant reductions in catheter placement and hospital length of stay compared with SoC. Further prospective evaluation is needed.
In Praise of Hunter v Moss—“Not ‘Turmoil’ At All”
Authors: Wai Ronald 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Hunter v Moss has been viewed with sizable scorn. Its judgement has been described as “confused”, “meaningless”, and “doctrinally wrong”. I disagree with this view—quite emphatically, in fact. In my view, the Hunter judgement is extremely profound. My article investigates what Hunter’s critics have argued, outlines their arguments’ failings, and pinpoints the outstanding contribution Hunter made to equity and trust law.
The Antepsoas (ATP) Surgical Corridor for Lumbar and Lumbosacral Arthrodesis: A Radiographic, Anatomic, and Surgical Investigation
Authors: Tannoury Chadi , Das Avilash , Saade Aziz , Bhale Rahul , Chen Kathleen , Tannoury Tony 
Published: July 2022

Study Design.
Retrospective review of prospectively collected data.

Objective.
To investigate the size of prepsoas surgical corridors, developed between the iliopsoas and prespinal vessels, at all disk levels between L1 and S1 granted by left and right lateral antepsoas (ATP) approaches. Secondary aims include evaluation of presurgery radiographic prepsoas windows between L1 and S1 with respect to the intraoperative findings.

Summary of Background Data.
The ATP technique is an evolving alternative to the transpsoas and direct anterior exposures for lumbar fusion. However, the vascular morphometric data of the ATP approach remain underexplored, especially at L5–S1.

Materials and Methods.
Patients indicated for ATP lumbar-lumbosacral fusion between September 2018 and February 2020 were enrolled (n=121). Data were collected prospectively, including the following (in mm): intraoperative manual measurements of the premobilization psoas-vessel (pre-PV) window, the final postmobilization psoas-vessel (post-PV) window, and the preoperative radiographic psoas-to-vessel distance at the respective studied disk levels.

Results.
A total of 121 patients (75 female, mean age: 55.3 yr, 81.8% right-sided approach) underwent a total of 279 levels of spinal fusion. Irrespective of the ATP access laterality, we noted ample postmobilization psoas-vessel (post-PV differential) corridors: largest at L4–L5 (36–38 mm) followed by L5–S1 (31–35 mm), L3–L4 (32–33 mm), L2–L3 (28–30 mm), and L1–L2 (20–24 mm). Similarly, the relative increases of the psoas-vessel corridors (post-PV and pre-PV differentials, averaged: 31 mm at L5–S1, 32 mm at L4–L5, 26 mm at L3–L4, 25 mm at L2–L3, and 14 mm at L1–L2) were also significant in both lateral approaches. In right flank approaches, the right vascular structures projected more dorsally compared with left-sided vasculature (P<0.05).

Conclusion.
The ATP access offers generous bilateral prepsoas surgical windows to L1–S1 intervertebral disks, allowing for a safe anterior column release, decompression, instrumentation, and fusion.
Anatomical Basis for Malar Augmentation Injection With the Zygomatic Ligamentous System
Authors: Duan Jing , Zhao Wei-Rui , Luo Cheng-En , Luo Sheng-Kang 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND
The malar augmentation injection has gained popularity in recent years, but the exact location of each injection site has not been clearly identified.

OBJECTIVE
To discover ideal injection sites by comprehensively considering the distributions of ligaments, muscles, and vessels.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Eighteen cadaver heads were dissected to investigate the zygomatic ligamentous system and to measure the position of muscles. Sixty-six cadaver heads were subjected to computed tomographic scanning and three-dimensional vessel reconstruction. Radiological evaluation of the fillers was performed before and after experimental injection in one hemiface and dissected to confirm safe delivery. Five patients were enrolled in a prospective clinical study. 2D and 3D photographs were taken before and after the injections for comparison.

RESULTS
Site 1 was defined along the zygomatic arch, except the first 1/4 length and the midline of the arch. Site 2 was on the body of the zygoma, superior to the level of the infraorbital foramen and medial to the jugale. Site 3 was defined in the anteromedial midface approximately 30 mm below the lateral canthus.

CONCLUSION
Injections at these 3 sites can be performed within the range of the ligaments to achieve effective lifting effects and minimize potential complications.
High-Frequency Ultrasound for Long-term Safety Assessment of Poly-L-Lactic Acid Facial Filler
Authors: Li Anqi , Long Anyin , Fang Rouyu , Mao Xuming , Sun Qiuning 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND
Injectable poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) is a new type of biodegradable dermal filler that has been utilized for soft tissue filling. However, there is no convenient and reliable method to assess the long-term safety of PLLA filler.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the long-term safety of PLLA injection into nasolabial folds by high-frequency ultrasound and to select the ultrasonic probes with the most appropriate frequency.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
After a 30-month PLLA injection into the deep dermis of the nasolabial fold, subjects were examined by high-frequency ultrasound with the 20 MHz and 50 MHz probes.

RESULTS
Twenty subjects with nasolabial fold contour deficiency were enrolled in this study. After a 30-month PLLA injection in nasolabial folds, PLLA degraded entirely in 16 subjects (16/20, 80%), and abnormal echo in the skin was observed in 4 subjects (4/20, 20%) caused by undegraded PLLA microparticles, PLLA microparticles deposition, fibrous nodules, and granuloma. The 20-MHz probe is more appropriate than the 50-MHz probe for evaluating the adverse effects of PLLA injection.

CONCLUSION
High-frequency ultrasound is a rapid, reliable, and noninvasive method to monitor the degradation condition of PLLA and the formation of papules and nodules associated with PLLA injection.
Reduced Tripartite Motif-Containing Protein 29 Deteriorates the Severity of Severe Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Ji Suzhen , Wang Leilei 
Published: July 2022

Objectives
Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is the most serious subtype of acute pancreatitis, manifested as multiple-organ failure resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Based on the role of tripartite motif-containing protein 29 (TRIM29) in immune responses, we aimed to explore its effect on SAP.

Methods
Peripheral blood monocyte cells from the SAP or non-SAP patients, as well as bone marrow–derived macrophages from wild-type, TRIM29−/−, or stimulator of interferon genes (STING)−/− mice after injecting 50 mg/kg of cerulein to induce SAP, were isolated to analyze the role of TRIM29 and STING in the SAP.

Results
Tripartite motif-containing protein 29 was significantly reduced in SAP patients. Compared with wild-type mice, TRIM29 deficiency mice displayed more severe symptom of acute pancreatitis after cerulein injection, which were lost in TRIM29−/−STING−/− mice. Moreover, interferon and its related genes, as well as STING degradation, were decreased in TRIM29−/− mice.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrated that TRIM29 negatively regulated the severity of SAP by degrading STING at its downstream, suggesting that TRIM29 and STING might serve as therapeutic targets for SAP.
Long-Term Follow-Up and Immunomonitoring of Relapsing Type 1 Autoimmune Pancreatitis Treated With Rituximab
Authors: Le Cosquer Guillaume , Ribes David , Faguer Stanislas , Jeune Muriel , Alric Laurent , Bournet Barbara , Buscail Louis 
Published: July 2022

Objectives
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of rituximab in relapsing type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis  especially the long-term clinical and immunologic impacts.

Methods
All consecutive patients with type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis were retrospectively included. The rituximab protocol was induction therapy of 375 mg·m−2 intravenous weekly for 4 weeks, followed by 500 mg intravenous every 6 months for 2 years. The follow-up included clinical examinations, biological tests, positron emission tomography scan, and immunomonitoring of lymphocyte CD 19+.

Results
Among the 43 patients included, 15 received rituximab induction therapy, followed by maintenance in 10 cases because of 1 or more relapses after steroids (whether or not followed by immunosuppressants) and multiple organ involvement. All patients had a clinical, biological and morphological response, a deep and persistent drop in serum immunoglobulin G4 levels, an extinction of both pancreatic and extra pancreatic hypermetabolic positron emission tomography scan signals, and a depletion of B lymphocyte CD19+. No relapse occurred during the follow-up (62.8 ± standard error of the mean of 11.1 months).

Conclusions
Rituximab is an effective treatment for type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis that provides a rapid strong clinical, biological, and morphological response, which persists after discontinuation without any safety issues.
The Landscape of Acute Pancreatitis Trials Registered in ClinicalTrials.gov
Authors: Jiang Jiao , Huang Shu , Xia Huifang , Zou Kang , Zeng Xinyi , Zhang Han , Zhong Chunyu , Tan Shali , Peng Yan , Lü Muhan , Tang Xiaowei 
Published: July 2022

Objectives
Clinical studies are important in informing evidence-based practice for patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). To determine whether registered studies adequately meet this need, we leveraged the ClinicalTrials.gov database to provide an overview of studies pertaining to AP.

Methods

ClinicalTrials.gov was searched and the search term used was AP. Analysis was restricted to studies registered before January 12, 2021.

Results
Of 363,632 trials overall, 234 (0.06%) were eventually included for analysis. Interventional studies and observational studies comprised 67.5% and 32.5% of these studies respectively. Most studies were initiated 2007 or later. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was the single most frequent cause of AP specified in these studies (16.7%). Nearly 72% of these studies had a sample size greater than 50. With respect to study design, 87.3% of interventional studies were randomized, 53.5% were blinded. The top 3 countries with the largest number of registered studies were China (n = 59), followed by the United States (n = 53) and India (n = 12).

Conclusions
Our results indicate that the research activity falls short of what is needed in terms of the burden of AP. The distribution of these AP-related studies by global regions indicates that there exists regional disparities.
Comparing Outcomes and Cost Between Pancreas Transplant and Standard of Care in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Jarmi Tambi , Thao Viengneesee , Borah Bijan J. , Brennan Emily , Moriarty James P. , Spaulding Aaron C. 
Published: July 2022

Objectives
Pancreas transplant is the only treatment that establishes normal glucose levels for patients diagnosed with diabetes. We analyzed the outcome of pancreas transplant alone (PTA) versus standard of care in the United States from 2008 to 2018. We also developed an economic model to analyze the cost-effectiveness of pancreas transplant versus continuing standard of care.

Methods
We used the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients database and analyzed PTA recipient survival. Using those results, we developed a Markov model that followed a cohort of 40-year-old patients with type 1 diabetes over a 10-year time horizon. The primary outcomes were (i) the survival benefit of a pancreas transplant, (ii) quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and (iii) total costs.

Results
We found no difference in survival advantage of PTA compared with standard of care (hazard ratio, 1.09; 95% confidence interval, 0.56–2.14). However, pancreas transplant ($172,823, 6.87 QALY) was cost-saving compared with standard of care ($232,897, 6.04 QALY) for type 1 diabetes. Pancreas transplantation was cost-effective in 95% of 10,000 simulations in probabilistic sensitivity analysis, using a $100,000/QALY willingness-to-pay threshold.

Conclusions
Although there is no difference in survival for PTA compared with standard of care, PTA is a cost-saving therapy for type 1 diabetes.