bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic performance of oral swabs for non-sputum based TB diagnosis in a TB/HIV endemic setting
Authors: LaCourse Sylvia M. , Seko Evans , Wood Rachel , Bundi Wilfred , Ouma Gregory S. , Agaya Janet , Richardson Barbra A. , John-Stewart Grace , Wandiga Steve , Cangelosi Gerard A. 
Published: January 2022

Objective
We evaluated diagnostic performance of oral swab analysis (OSA) for tuberculosis (TB) in a high HIV/TB burden setting in Kenya.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, buccal swabs and sputum were collected from 100 participants with suspected TB in outpatient clinics in Kenya at enrollment and subsequent morning visits. Buccal swabs underwent IS6110-targeted qPCR analysis. Sputum was evaluated by Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) and culture. Diagnostic performance of OSA for TB diagnosis was evaluated relative to a combined reference of sputum Xpert and culture.

Results
Among 100 participants, 54% were living with HIV (PLHIV). Twenty percent (20/100) of participants had confirmed TB (19/20 [95%] culture-positive, 17/20 [85%] Xpert-positive). Overall buccal swab sensitivity was 65.0% (95% CI 40.8–84.6%) vs. sputum Xpert/culture and 76.5% (95% CI 50.1–93.2%) vs. sputum Xpert alone. Specificity was 81.3% (95% CI 71.0–89.1%) and 81.9% (95% CI 72.0–89.5%) compared to sputum Xpert/culture and Xpert alone, respectively. Sensitivity among PLHIV (n = 54) with suspected TB was 83.3% (95% CI 35.9–99.6%) vs. sputum Xpert/culture and 100% (95% CI 47.8–100.0%) vs. sputum Xpert alone. Among participants with TB, mean OSA threshold quantitation cycle (Cq) value was lower (stronger signal) at subsequent morning compared to enrolment visit (33.4 SD ± 3.7 vs. 35.2 SD ± 2.9, p = 0.009).

Conclusions
In this pilot study, results confirm M. tuberculosis DNA is detectable in oral swabs including among PLHIV with fair diagnostic performance. Further work is needed to optimize OSA and evaluate its utility in diverse settings.
Comparative analysis of DNA extraction and PCR product purification methods for cervicovaginal microbiome analysis using cpn60 microbial profiling
Authors: Shvartsman Elinor , Richmond Meika E. I. , Schellenberg John J. , Lamont Alana , Perciani Catia , Russell Justen N. H. , Poliquin Vanessa , Burgener Adam , Jaoko Walter , Sandstrom Paul , MacDonald Kelly S. 
Published: January 2022

Background
The microbiota of the lower female genital tract plays an important role in women’s health. Microbial profiling using the chaperonin60 (cpn60) universal target (UT) improves resolution of vaginal species associated with negative health outcomes compared to the more commonly used 16S ribosomal DNA target. However, the choice of DNA extraction and PCR product purification methods may bias sequencing-based microbial studies and should be optimized for the sample type and molecular target used. In this study, we compared two commercial DNA extraction kits and two commercial PCR product purification kits for the microbial profiling of cervicovaginal samples using the cpn60 UT.

Methods
DNA from cervicovaginal secretions and vaginal lavage samples as well as mock community standards were extracted using either the specialized QIAamp DNA Microbiome Kit, or the standard DNeasy Blood & Tissue kit with enzymatic pre-treatment for enhanced lysis of gram-positive bacteria. Extracts were PCR amplified using well-established cpn60 primer sets and conditions. Products were then purified using a column-based method (QIAquick PCR Purification Kit) or a gel-based PCR clean-up method using the QIAEX II Gel Extraction Kit. Purified amplicons were sequenced with the MiSeq platform using standard procedures. The overall quality of each method was evaluated by measuring DNA yield, alpha diversity, and microbial composition.

Results
DNA extracted from cervicovaginal samples using the DNeasy Blood and Tissue kit, pre-treated with lysozyme and mutanolysin, resulted in increased DNA yield, bacterial diversity, and species representation compared to the QIAamp DNA Microbiome kit. The column-based PCR product purification approach also resulted in greater average DNA yield and wider species representation compared to a gel-based clean-up method. In conclusion, this study presents a fast, effective sample preparation method for high resolution cpn60 based microbial profiling of cervicovaginal samples.
An evidence-based definition of anemia for singleton, uncomplicated pregnancies
Authors: Zofkie Amanda C. , Garner W. Holt , Schell Rachel C. , Ragsdale Alexandra S. , McIntire Donald D. , Roberts Scott W. , Spong Catherine Y. 
Published: January 2022

Background
The definition for anemia in pregnancy is outdated, derived from Scandinavian studies in the 1970’s to 1980’s. To identity women at risk of blood transfusion, a common cause of Severe Maternal Morbidity, a standard definition of anemia in pregnancy in a modern, healthy United States cohort is needed.

Objective
To define anemia in pregnancy in a United States population including a large county vs. private hospital population using uncomplicated patients.

Materials and methods
Inclusion criteria were healthy women with the first prenatal visit before 20 weeks. Exclusion criteria included preterm birth, preeclampsia, hypertension, diabetes, short interval pregnancy (<18 months), multiple gestation, abruption, and fetal demise. All women had iron fortification (Ferrous sulfate 325 mg daily) recommended. The presentation to care and pre-delivery hematocrits were obtained, and the percentiles determined. A total of 2000 patients were included, 1000 from the public county hospital and 1000 from the private hospital. Each cohort had 250 patients in each 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2018. The cohorts were compared for differences in the fifth percentile for each antepartum epoch. Student’s t-test and chi-squared statistical tests were used for analysis, p-value of ≤0.05 was considered significant.

Results
In the public and private populations, 777 and 785 women presented in the first trimester while 223 and 215 presented in the second. The women at the private hospital were more likely to be older, Caucasian race, nulliparous, and present earlier to care. The fifth percentile was compared between the women in the private and public hospitals and were clinically indistinguishable. When combining the cohorts, the fifth percentile for hemoglobin/hematocrit was 11 g/dL/32.8% in the first trimester, 10.3 g/dL/30.6% in the second trimester, and 10.0 g/dL/30.2% pre-delivery.

Conclusions
Fifth percentile determinations were made from a combined cohort of normal, uncomplicated pregnancies to define anemia in pregnancy. Comparison of two different cohorts confirms that the same definition for anemia is appropriate regardless of demographics or patient mix.
Analysis of critical report notification from musculoskeletal radiology in a tertiary academic medical institution with a regional trauma center
Authors: Ahn Tae Ran , Jeong Yu Mi , Park So Hyun , Jeon Ji Young , Lee Sheen-Woo , Shim Young Sup 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
We aimed to analyze the prevalence, causes, and clinical settings of 4-year critical radiologic reports (CRRs) notified from the musculoskeletal section of the radiology department. Then, we investigated the communication outcomes.

Methods
This study was approved by our institutional review board. We retrospectively included 175 musculoskeletal CRRs from our database between January 2017 and December 2020. The CRRs were analyzed by two musculoskeletal radiologists, who categorized the CRRs by clinical setting (emergency department(ED) patient, outpatient, and inpatient), body part, type of image modality, reason for CRR, incidental lesion, and clinical outcome. The clinical outcome was retrieved from the electronic medical records.

Results
The 175 musculoskeletal CRRs accounted for 5.4% of the CRRs (n = 3217) available in the study period. Most CRRs (94.9%, 166/175) corresponded to the musculoskeletal system, while the remaining ones (5.1%, 9/175) corresponded to the non-musculoskeletal system. In addition, the spine, extremities, and thoracic cage accounted for 52.6%, 40.6%, and 1.7% of the musculoskeletal CRRs, respectively. Moreover, most patients presented to the ED (50.3%, 88/175), followed by inpatients (30.9%, 54/175), and outpatients (18.9%, 33/175). The CRR reasons included missed fracture (54.3%), suspected malignancy (16%), clinical emergency (10.3%), unexpected infection/inflammation (11.4%), and others (8%). Furthermore, 11 (6.3%) incidental lesions were not related to the primary imaging purpose. Referring clinicians actively acknowledged 80% of the CRRs. The loss to follow-up action was the highest in the ED patients (35.2%, 31/88; p < 0.001), being significantly higher than that in outpatients (6.1%, 2/33) and inpatients (3.7%, 2/54).

Conclusion
Missed fractures were the most common cause of musculoskeletal CRRs. ED showed prevalence in musculoskeletal CRRs and reflected the highest loss to follow-up action. ED physicians should pay more attention to CRRs to enhance patient care.
Oral anticoagulant treatment after bioprosthetic valvular intervention or valvuloplasty in patients with atrial fibrillation—A SWEDEHEART study
Authors: Christersson Christina , Held Claes , Modica Angelo , Westerbergh Johan , Batra Gorav 
Published: January 2022

Aims
To describe the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF), use of oral anticoagulants (OAC) and change in antithrombotic treatment patterns during follow-up after valve intervention with a biological prosthesis or valvuloplasty.

Methods and results
All patients with history of AF or new-onset AF discharged alive after valvular intervention (biological prosthesis or valvuloplasty) between 2010–2016 in Sweden were included (n = 7,362). Information about comorbidities was collected from national patient registers. Exposure to OAC was based on pharmacy dispensation data. In total 4,800 (65.2%) patients had a history of AF, and 2,562 (34.8%) patients developed new-onset AF, with 999 (39.0%) developing new-onset AF within 3 months after intervention. The proportion of patients with biological valve prosthesis was higher in patients with new-onset AF compared to history of AF (p<0.001). CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2 was observed in 83.1% and 75.5% patients with history of AF and new-onset AF, respectively. Warfarin was more frequently dispensed than NOAC at discharge in patients with history of AF (43.9% vs 7.3%), and in patients with new-onset AF (36.6% vs 17.1%). Almost half of the AF population was not dispensed on any OAC at discharge (48.8% in patients with history of AF and 46.3% in patients with new-onset AF).

Conclusion
In this real world study of patients with AF and recent valvular intervention, risk of new-onset AF after valvular intervention is high emphasizing need for frequent rhythm monitoring after intervention. A considerable undertreatment with OAC was observed despite being indicated for the majority of the patients. Warfarin was the OAC most frequently dispensed.
Comparing the timeliness and adequacy of antenatal care uptake between women who married as child brides and adult brides in 20 sub-Saharan African countries
Authors: Adedini Sunday A. , Abatan Sunday Matthew , Ogunsakin Adesoji Dunsin , Alex-Ojei Christiana Alake , Babalola Blessing Iretioluwa , Shittu Sarafa Babatunde , Odusina Emmanuel Kolawole , Ntoimo Lorretta Favour C. 
Published: January 2022

Context
Considering the persistent poor maternal and child health outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), this study undertook a comparative analysis of the timing and adequacy of antenatal care uptake between women (aged 20–24 years) who married before age 18 and those who married at age 18 or above.

Method
Data came from Demographic and Health Surveys of 20 SSA countries. We performed binary logistic regression analysis on pooled data of women aged 20–24 (n = 33,630).

Results
Overall, the percentage of child brides in selected countries was 57.1%, with the lowest prevalence found in Rwanda (19.1%) and the highest rate in Chad (80.9%). Central and West African countries had the highest prevalence of child marriage compared to other sub-regions. Bivariate results indicate that a lower proportion of child brides (50.0%) had 4+ ANC visits compared to the adult brides (60.9%) and a lower percentage of them (34.0%) initiated ANC visits early compared to the adult brides (37.5%). After controlling for country of residence and selected socio-economic and demographic characteristics, multivariable results established significantly lower odds of having an adequate/prescribed number of ANC visits among women who married before age 15 (OR: 0.63, CI: 0.57–0.67, p<0.001), and women who married at ages 15–17 (OR: 0.81, CI: 0.75–0.84, p<0.001) compared to those who married at age 18+. Similar results were established between age at first marriage and timing of first ANC visit. Other interesting results emerged that young women who married earlier than age 18 and those who married at age 18+ differ significantly by several socio-economic and demographic characteristics.

Conclusion
Efforts to improve maternal and child health outcomes in SSA must give attention to address the underutilization and late start of antenatal care uptake among child brides.
lucha contra el terrorismo en Argentina: a propósito de la causa por el atentado a la AMIA y conexas
Authors: Saráchaga Gonzalo 
Published: January 2022

El terrorismo constituye un flagelo que acapara la atención mundial, y se ha convertido en una de las grandes amenazas en este siglo XXI. Dadas las características que presenta el terrorismo internacional, y los compromisos y obligaciones asumidos por los diversos países a través de la firma de acuerdos al respecto, a ninguno de ellos les resulta ajeno este problema. Argentina ha sufrido, por ejemplo, dos atentados de tamaña importancia como han sido el ataque terrorista a la embajada de Israel y a la AMIA en la década del 90, aún impunes.
Por ello, partiendo de la notoria importancia que posee este tema tanto en el plano internacional como en Argentina, en el presente trabajo intentaremos centrar el estudio del terrorismo en este país, ciñéndolo a algunas cuestiones relevantes que se derivan de una de las causas por el atentado a la AMIA. Más precisamente, aquella vinculada con la denuncia incoada por el Ex Fiscal Alberto Nisman por intento de encubrimiento de la investigación a los imputados del atentado.
Strategi Manajemen Pemeliharaan untuk Mengoptimalkan Kontribusi Pada Kinerja Perusahaan (Studi Kasus pada PT Indonesia Power UP.Semarang)
Authors: Alfian Sabila Dandy , Mahfudz Mahfudz 
Published: January 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi kinerja pemeliharaan dalam memberikan kontribusi menjaga kesiapan, kehandalan, dan effisiensi unit Pembangkit Listrik. Narasumber dalam studi ini adalah Manajer Pemeliharaan, Supervisor Senior Perencanaan, Pengendalian dan Evaluasi Pemelihraan, Kepala Divisi. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode kualitatif wawancara mendalam dan observasi. Data dianalisis menggunakan Fishbone Diagram. Berdasarkan analisa yang dilakakuan ditemukan bahwa faktor penyebab utama gangguan operasi pembangkit dibagi menjadi dua, penyebab yang pertama diluar kendali management UP Semarang seperti life time machine, pola operasi start-stop, anggaran pemeliharaan yang terbatas. Faktor yang kedua sebenarnya masih dapat dikendalikan management UP Semarang dari aspek people dan methode. kontribusi manajemen pemeliharaan terhadap kinerja perusahaan belum optimal untuk mencapai perbaikan substansial, kelemahannya ada pada tata kelola WPC karena kurang konsisten dalam pelaksanaannya, sedangkan upaya yang telah dilakukan belum maksimal untuk mencapai optimalisasi terhadap kinerja perusahaan karena setiap elemen proses masih kurang sinergi. Berdasarkan hasil kesimpulan, dapat dilakukan impikasi kebijakan dengan meningkatkan metode pemeliharaan dan membenahi kualitas SDM serta leadership.
Pengaruh Website, Ewom, E-Trust Terhadap E-Repurchase Pemesanan Hotel Melalui Pegipegi di Kota Semarang
Authors: Lesmanawati Diana , Farida Naili 
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi e-repurchase. Website, E-WOM dan E-trust adalah faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhinya. Responden yang merupakan konsumen yang melakukan pemesanan hotel melalui Pegipegi di Kota Semarang akan diteliti melalui faktor website, E-WOM dan e-trust yang akan mempengaruhi e-repurchase.Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian eksplanatif, dengan populasi sebanyak 100 responden yang melakukan pemesanan hotel melalui Pegipegi di Kota Semarang dengan cara purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dengan pengukuran skala Likert. Metode analisis data menggunakan PLS.Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah karakteristik website mempengaruhi e-WOM dan e-trust dengan hubungan positif. Dan e-WOM memiliki pengaruh yang positif pula terhadap e-trust. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa e-WOM dan e-trust memiliki pengaruh yang positif terhadap e-repurchase.
Meningkatkan Kinerja Pemasaran Melalui Entrepreneurial Marketing (Studi Pada UKM Makanan dan Minuman di Semarang Jawa Tengah)
Authors: Muafa Irfan Wildzan , Ferdinand Augusty Tae , Indriani Farida 
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji pengaruh dari variabel Pemasaran Kewirausahaan terhadap Kinerja Pemasaran pada UKM makanan dan minuman di Kota Semarang, Jawa Tengah melalui variabel Kecepatan Inovasi, Nilai Layanan, dan Keunggulan Posisi. Penelitian ini mengambil sebanyak 150 responden pemilik UKM makanan dan minuman di Semarang, Jawa Tengah.Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah SEM (Structural Equation Modelling) versi 21. Hasil analisis data untuk keseluruhan model telah memenuhi kriteria Goodness Of Fit dengan nilai chi square = 172,114, derajat kebebasan = 165, probabilitas = 0,336, CMIN/DF = 1,043, GFI = 0,887, AGFI = 0,856, TLI = 0,990, CFI = 0,991 dan RMSEA = 0,017. Dengan demikian dapat dikatakan bahwa model penelitian yang diajukan dapat diterima.Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara Pemasaran Kewirausahaan dengan Kecepatan Inovasi, Pemasaran Kewirausahaan dengan Nilai Layanan, Kecepatan Inovasi dengan Keunggulan Posisi, Nilai Layanan dengan Keunggulan Posisi, dan Keunggulan Posisi dengan Kinerja Pemasaran.
The crystal structure of 1-(2-bromoethane)-4-amine-3,5-dinitropyrazole, C5H6Br1N5O4
Authors: Jiaxiang Zhao , Pengbao Lian , Jun Chen , Chong Li , Jianlong Wang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
C5H6Br1N5O4, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 11.4370(4) Å, b = 6.9921(2) Å, c = 22.8443(9) Å, β = 90°,
V = 1826.83(11) Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0357, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1062, T = 100 K.
Recent applications of quantitative analytical FTIR spectroscopy in pharmaceutical, biomedical, and clinical fields: A brief review
Authors: Fahelelbom Khairi Mustafa , Saleh Abdullah , Al-Tabakha Moawia M. A. , Ashames Akram A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractQualitative Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has long been established and implemented in a wide variety of fields including pharmaceutical, biomedical, and clinical fields. While the quantitative applications are yet to reach their full potential, this technique is flourishing. It is tempting to shed light on modern engaging and the applicability of analytical quantitative FTIR spectroscopy in the aforementioned fields. More importantly, the credibility, validity, and generality of the application will be thoroughly demonstrated by reviewing the latest published work in the scientific literature. Utilizing FTIR spectroscopy in a quantitative approach in pharmaceutical, biomedical, and interdisciplinary fields has many undeniable advantages over traditional procedures. An insightful account will be undertaken in this regard. The technique will be introduced as an appealing alternative to common methods such as high performance liquid chromatography. It is anticipated that the review will offer researchers an update of the current status and prospect on the subject among the pharmacy and biomedical sciences both in academic and industrial fields.
Quantifying External Load and Injury Occurrence in Women's Collegiate Volleyball Players Across a Competitive Season
Authors: Taylor Jeffrey B. , Barnes Haley C. , Gombatto Sara P. , Greenwood Daniel , Ford Kevin R. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Taylor, JB, Barnes, HC, Gombatto, SP, Greenwood, D, and Ford, KR. Quantifying external load and injury occurrence in women’s collegiate volleyball players across a competitive season. J Strength Cond Res 36(3): 805–812, 2022—Volleyball demands repetitive jumping, with high loads linked to risk of injury. The purpose of this study was to examine jumping demands and injury patterns throughout a women's volleyball season. Sixteen Division-I female volleyball players wore an accelerometer to record jump count (JC) and jump height during every practice and match throughout the season. Physical health was documented using a weekly modified Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Overuse Injury Questionnaire (OSLO) and time-loss injuries were recorded. Multivariate analyses of variance were used to compare measures across phases of the season, between types of session (practice vs. match), and between injured and noninjured players (α = 0.05). Results showed the greatest training demands in the preseason with larger jump counts than during the nonconference, conference schedule, and postseason schedules (p < 0.001). Performance increased throughout the season with greater jump heights in the nonconference and conference schedule than in the preseason (p = 0.01). There were no significant differences in JC between practices (65.5 ± 30.5) and matches (67.5 ± 46.4). An injury incidence of 5.49 injures per 1,000 athletic exposures was identified, with injuries accounting for 31 days lost, or 2.1% of total exposures. Injuries affected performance throughout the season, as noted by an average weekly OSLO score of 15.1 ± 13.9%. Injured players had significantly lower jump counts per exposure (p = 0.03) and a larger variation in training load than uninjured players (coefficient of variation: injured = 54%, uninjured = 41%; p = 0.006). These data help provide coaches and clinicians for training and rehabilitation program designs.