bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the effect of social capital on rural household poverty
Authors: Wu Yichao , Guo Zhenli , Qi Di 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFocusing on rural household poverty in China, this article takes social capital as an entry point and uses the 2018 CFPS database to study the effects and mechanisms of social capital on absolute income, relative income, absolute poverty, and relative poverty of rural households. The results find that social capital can significantly increase the income of rural households and reduce the probability of poverty; also, the householder's education has a certain substitution effect on social capital, which can significantly weaken the income increasing effect of social capital; social capital has a more significant role in increasing the income of poor families and helps to narrow the income gap; social capital can promote income diversification, however, income diversification shows a negative impact on household income and poverty; poverty acceptance has a significant mediating effect in the process of social capital's influence on household poverty, and social capital can further promote household income increase and poverty reduction by suppressing poverty acceptance. In this regard, the government can strengthen rural infrastructure construction, inclination of educational resources and labour skills training, and promote positive rural culture, to increase the social capital of rural households, help them increase their income, achieve poverty alleviation, and prevent them from returning to poverty again.
Neural Network Approaches for Soft Biological Tissue and Organ Simulations
Authors: Sacks Michael S. , Motiwale Shruti , Goodbrake Christian , Zhang Wenbo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGiven the functional complexities of soft tissues and organs, it is clear that computational simulations are critical in their understanding and for the rational basis for the development of therapies and replacements. A key aspect of such simulations is accounting for their complex, nonlinear, anisotropic mechanical behaviors. While soft tissue material models have developed to the point of high fidelity, in-silico implementation is typically done using the finite element (FE) method, which remains impractically slow for translational clinical time frames. As a potential path toward addressing the development of high fidelity simulations capable of performing in clinically relevant time frames, we review the use of neural networks (NN) for soft tissue and organ simulation using two approaches. In the first approach, we show how a NN can learn the responses for a detailed meso-structural soft tissue material model. The NN material model not only reproduced the full anisotropic mechanical responses but also demonstrated a considerable efficiency improvement, as it was trained over a range of realizable fibrous structures. In the second approach, we go a step further with the use of a physics-based surrogate model to directly learn the displacement field solution without the need for raw training data or FE simulation datasets. In this approach we utilize a finite element mesh to define the domain and perform the necessary integrations, but not the finite element method (FEM) itself. We demonstrate with this approach, termed neural network finite element (NNFE), results in a trained NNFE model with excellent agreement with the corresponding “ground truth” FE solutions over the entire physiological deformation range on a cuboidal myocardium specimen. More importantly, the NNFE approach provided a significantly decreased computational time for a range of finite element mesh sizes. Specifically, as the FE mesh size increased from 2744 to 175,615 elements, the NNFE computational time increased from 0.1108 s to 0.1393 s, while the “ground truth” FE model increased from 4.541 s to 719.9 s, with the same effective accuracy. These results suggest that NNFE run times are significantly reduced compared with the traditional large-deformation-based finite element solution methods. We then show how a nonuniform rational B-splines (NURBS)-based approach can be directly integrated into the NNFE approach as a means to handle real organ geometries. While these and related approaches are in their early stages, they offer a method to perform complex organ-level simulations in clinically relevant time frames without compromising accuracy.
Solderability and Reliability of Sintered Nano-Ag Bond Pads of Printed Re-Distribution Layer
Authors: Lo J. C. C. , Jiang Q. , Qiu X. , Tu N. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Redistribution layer (RDL) is one key enabling technology for advanced packaging. RDL is usually fabricated at wafer level by a photolithography process. An alternative approach for implementing RDL by additive manufacturing (AM) method is proposed in this study. This allows RDL to be fabricated on a singulated chip. Nanosilver (nano-Ag) ink is printed on the silicon chip to form routing traces and bond pads. However, the Ag pad may be consumed by the solder quickly if the reflow process is not properly controlled. The mechanical integrity of the solder joint was evaluated by both solder ball shear and die shear tests. A high temperature storage test and humidity test were carried out to evaluate the solder joint reliability. Experiment results showed that the Ag pad fabricated by AM is compatible with surface mount technology (SMT). Reliable solder joints on the Ag pad were achieved. There was no significant change in the Ag3Sn intermetallic compound (IMC) layer thickness and mechanical strength after aging at high temperature and high humidity conditions. There was no early solder joint failure observed. The finding of the present study will serve as a very useful reference for the future practice of forming solder joints on sintered nano-Ag pads.
A new genus and two new species of Tegonotini (Prostigmata: Eriophyoidea) from Guangxi, China with a redescription of Gongella carpini Kuang, 2005
Authors: Tan Meng-Chao , Huang Jing-Hui , Wei Guang-Ren , Li Kong-Ling , Yang Qing-Lian 
Published: October 2022

A new genus and two new species of Tegonotini (Acari: Eriophyidae) from China are described and illustrated. They are Latuannulus engelhardiae gen. nov. and sp. nov. on Engelhardia roxburghiana Wall. (Juglandaceae) and Phyllocoptacus nepalensus sp. nov. on Alnus nepalensis D. Don (Betulaceae). Additionally, we provided more generic characters to Gongella Kuang, 2005 and redescribed Gongella carpini Kuang, 2005. All three species are vagrant on the lower leaf surface and no symptom to the host was observed.
Using continuous surveys to evaluate precision and bias of inferences from design-based reach-scale sampling of stream habitat
Authors: Clark Christopher , Al-Chokhachy Robert , Ross Kai 
Published: October 2022

Accurately estimating stream channel characteristics is essential for managing and restoring populations and aquatic ecosystems. Reach-based sampling designs have been used extensively to collect fisheries related data; however, few studies have examined accuracy and precision of scaling up reach-based sampling designs to stream habitat assessments. Here, we used continuous habitat surveys across multiple reaches to census stream attributes in tributaries in the upper Lewis River, Washington and better understand the potential bias and precision of reach-based designs. We used these continuous data to create simulated outcomes from three different random sampling designs. We found precision of estimates of stream-level habitat attributes (large woody debris, residual pool depth, and grain size) increased with the number of reaches sampled (i.e., sampling intensity); however, effort needed to achieve reasonable precision (coefficient of variation = 0.20) varied across streams, attributes, and designs. Bias (i.e., estimate—the truth) was relatively low, but also varied across streams and attributes. Our findings illustrate the challenges of using reach-based designs for stream-level habitat assessments and the need for novel approaches for broader data collection.
Molecular Characterization and In Silico Analyses of Maurolipin Structure as a Secretory Phospholipase

A

2

(

sPLA

2

) from Venom Glands of Iranian Scorpio maurus (Arachnida: Scorpionida)
Authors: Soltan-Alinejad Parisa , Alipour Hamzeh , Soltani Aboozar , Asgari Qasem , Ramezani Amin , Mehrabani Davood , Azizi Kourosh 
Published: October 2022

The venom is a mixture of various compounds with specific biological activities, such as the phospholipase

A

2

(

PLA

2

) enzyme present in scorpion venom.

PLA

2

plays a key role in inhibiting ryanodine receptor channels and has neurotoxic activity. This study is the first investigation of molecular characterization, cloning, and in silico analyses of

PLA

2

from Iranian Scorpio maurus, named Maurolipin. After RNA extraction from S. maurus venom glands, cDNA was synthesized and amplified through RT-PCR using specific primers. Amplified Maurolipin was cloned in TA cloning vector, pTG19. For in silico analyses, the characterized gene was analyzed utilizing different software. Maurolipin coding gene with 432 base pair nucleotide length encoded a protein of 144 amino acid residues and 16.34 kilodaltons. Comparing the coding sequence of Maurolipin with other characterized

PLA

2

from different species of scorpions showed that this protein was a member of the

PLA

2

superfamily. According to SWISS-MODEL prediction, Maurolipin had 38.83% identity with bee venom

PLA

2

with 100% confidence and 39% identity with insect phospholipase

A

2

family, which Phyre2 predicted. According to the three-dimensional structure prediction, Maurolipin with five disulfide bonds has a very high similarity to the structure of

PLA

2

that belonged to the group III subfamily. The in silico analyses showed that phospholipase

A

2

coding gene and protein structure is different based on scorpion species and geographical condition in which they live.
New Design Knowledge and the Fifth Order of Design
Authors: Mortati Marzia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this article, I examine the foundations of design knowledge and how they have been disrupted as the design discipline moves progressively away from industrial production. I consider design knowledge as a collection of different cognitive processes for developing artifacts for the human-made world. Adopting David Kolb's (1984, p.38) definition of learning as “the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience,” I discuss the change in design knowledge by examining how the characteristics of designed items have changed. Building on theories by Neri Oxman and Richard Buchanan, I identify relevant areas of design practice in which creativity is breaking free from disciplinary silos to flow between physical, digital, metaphysical, and biological layers. I then propose an updated map of the orders of design as a thinking tool and compass. I read the evolutions of design as it enters the Fifth Order of concerns, characterized by the centrality of data both as input and as output to a design process. Today, design deals with relationships and perceptions; it dialogues with people and all species ranging from machines to micro-organisms, all of which actively participate in reaching objectives. Here, design creates conversations to achieve several goals, including engagement, discovery, and decision making. Finally, I propose a shift in the traditional principles of designing, moving away from the idea of perfect solutions and toward learning systems that are good enough for now.
Using Motor Tempi to Understand Rhythm and Grammatical Skills in Developmental Language Disorder and Typical Language Development
Authors: Ladányi Enikő , Novakovic Michaela , Boorom Olivia A. , Aaron Allison S. , Scartozzi Alyssa C. , Gustavson Daniel E. , Nitin Rachana , Bamikole Peter O. , Vaughan Chloe , Fromboluti Elisa Kim , Schuele C. Melanie , Camarata Stephen M. , McAuley J. Devin , Gordon Reyna L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) show relative weaknesses on rhythm tasks beyond their characteristic linguistic impairments. The current study compares preferred tempo and the width of an entrainment region for 5- to 7-year-old typically developing (TD) children and children with DLD and considers the associations with rhythm aptitude and expressive grammar skills in the two populations. Preferred tempo was measured with a spontaneous motor tempo task (tapping tempo at a comfortable speed), and the width (range) of an entrainment region was measured by the difference between the upper (slow) and lower (fast) limits of tapping a rhythm normalized by an individual’s spontaneous motor tempo. Data from N = 16 children with DLD and N = 114 TD children showed that whereas entrainment-region width did not differ across the two groups, slowest motor tempo, the determinant of the upper (slow) limit of the entrainment region, was at a faster tempo in children with DLD vs. TD. In other words, the DLD group could not pace their slow tapping as slowly as the TD group. Entrainment-region width was positively associated with rhythm aptitude and receptive grammar even after taking into account potential confounding factors, whereas expressive grammar did not show an association with any of the tapping measures. Preferred tempo was not associated with any study variables after including covariates in the analyses. These results motivate future neuroscientific studies of low-frequency neural oscillatory mechanisms as the potential neural correlates of entrainment-region width and their associations with musical rhythm and spoken language processing in children with typical and atypical language development.
Auditory Word Comprehension Is Less Incremental in Isolated Words
Authors: Gaston Phoebe , Brodbeck Christian , Phillips Colin , Lau Ellen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Partial speech input is often understood to trigger rapid and automatic activation of successively higher-level representations of words, from sound to meaning. Here we show evidence from magnetoencephalography that this type of incremental processing is limited when words are heard in isolation as compared to continuous speech. This suggests a less unified and automatic word recognition process than is often assumed. We present evidence from isolated words that neural effects of phoneme probability, quantified by phoneme surprisal, are significantly stronger than (statistically null) effects of phoneme-by-phoneme lexical uncertainty, quantified by cohort entropy. In contrast, we find robust effects of both cohort entropy and phoneme surprisal during perception of connected speech, with a significant interaction between the contexts. This dissociation rules out models of word recognition in which phoneme surprisal and cohort entropy are common indicators of a uniform process, even though these closely related information-theoretic measures both arise from the probability distribution of wordforms consistent with the input. We propose that phoneme surprisal effects reflect automatic access of a lower level of representation of the auditory input (e.g., wordforms) while the occurrence of cohort entropy effects is task sensitive, driven by a competition process or a higher-level representation that is engaged late (or not at all) during the processing of single words.
The Politics of Language Choice in Haredi Communities in Israel
Authors: Munro Heather L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Based on ethnographic fieldwork in Israel, this article explores the politics of language choice as a part of the negotiation of Haredi identity. Yiddish choice can be a subtle resistance to the Zionist project, of which Israeli Hebrew is a part. Certain Hasidic groups, and some very strict Lithuanian Haredi Jews, speak Yiddish, while others have adopted Israeli Hebrew. These choices illuminate ideologies of these groups, attitudes towards the State, and the levels of the community’s and individual’s civic-mindedness. Haredi attitudes towards the State exist on a spectrum, which may or may not correlate to the community’s language choice. Instead, language choice illuminates how Haredi individuals negotiate their minority identity and their relationship with the State and Zionist ideology. Language choice clarifies how internal divisions are negotiated, identities are formed and reformed, and how these choices impact the Haredi world’s interaction with the State of Israel.
Some Refinements to the Most Recent Simple Time-Dependent Theory of Tropical Cyclone Intensification and Sensitivity
Authors: Wang Yuqing , Tan Zhe-Min , Li Yuanlong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Several key issues in the simple time-dependent theories of tropical cyclone (TC) intensification developed in recent years remain, including the lack of a closure for the pressure dependence of saturation enthalpy at sea surface temperature (SST) under the eyewall and the definition of environmental conditions, such as the boundary layer enthalpy in TC environment and the TC outflow-layer temperature. In this study, some refinements to the most recent time-dependent theory of TC intensification have been accomplished to resolve those issues. The first is the construction of a functional relationship between the surface pressure under the eyewall and the TC intensity, which is derived using the cyclostrophic wind balance and calibrated using full-physics axisymmetric model simulations. The second is the definition of TC environment that explicitly includes the air–sea temperature difference. The third is the TC outflow-layer temperature parameterized as a linear function of SST based on global reanalysis data. With these refinements, the updated time-dependent theory becomes self-contained and can give both the intensity-dependent TC intensification rate (IR) and the maximum potential intensity (MPI) under given environmental thermodynamic conditions. It is shown that the pressure dependence of saturation enthalpy at SST can lead to an increase in the TC MPI and IR by about half of that induced by dissipative heating due to surface friction. Results also show that both MPI and IR increase with increasing SST, surface enthalpy exchange coefficient, environmental air–sea temperature difference, and decreasing environmental boundary layer relative humidity, but the maximum IR is insensitive to surface drag coefficient.

Significance Statement
A new advancement in the recent decade is the development of simple time-dependent theories of tropical cyclone (TC) intensification, which can provide quantitative understanding of TC intensity change. However, several key issues in these simple time-dependent theories remain, including the lack of a closure for the pressure dependence of saturation enthalpy at sea surface temperature under the eyewall and the definition of environmental conditions. These are resolved in this study with several refinements, which make the most recent time-dependent theory of TC intensification self-contained and practical.
Sea Ice Motion Vector Retrievals from AMSR2 89-GHz Data: Validation Algorithm with Simultaneous Multichannel Observations
Authors: Yoshizawa Eri , Kamoshida Takashi , Shimada Koji 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In retrievals of sea ice motion vectors (SIMVs) based on passive microwave observations, the use of the high-resolution 89-GHz channel of the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) has the advantage of enhancing the theoretical precision of correlation-based motion tracking. However, its higher sensitivity to atmospheric moisture than lower-frequency channels links maximum cross-correlation peaks to outlier vectors and obscures signals of valid vectors. This study develops an algorithm to select valid vectors from candidates detected by multiple cross-correlation peaks based on validations with large-scale sea ice displacements extracted from 19- and 37-GHz data after questionable vectors are prefiltered by comparing them with reanalysis surface wind and neighboring vectors. The algorithm selects a vector corresponding to large-scale motion as the optimal vector. The retrieved results from 2013 to 2020 show that by replacing outlier vectors with valid ones detected by second or third cross-correlation peaks, validation with simultaneous observations enables retrieval of more than 60% of the Arctic motion field from 89-GHz data in winter but only 10% in summer; therefore, lower-frequency data are employed for retrievals. The uncertainty assessment using in situ data from acoustic measurements from ocean moorings shows that the algorithm provides daily SIMVs with root-mean-square errors of only 1–2 cm s–1 in idealized winter conditions with the absence of diurnal brightness temperature (Tb) changes that make tracking of the similarity of Tb fields difficult. The analysis also illustrates the applicability limit of the algorithm for summer retrievals.

Significance Statement
An algorithm was developed to validate sea ice motion vectors retrieved from AMSR2 89-GHz data by those from lower-frequency data. The validation via simultaneous observations enabled that valid vectors are sorted from invalid ones resulting from weather effects.
Chitosan: A biopolymer for textile processes and products
Authors: Elamri Adel , Zdiri Khmais , Hamdaoui Mohamed , Harzallah Omar 
Published: October 2022

Chitosan is a biopolymer obtained from deacetylation of the abundant natural chitin polymer. It has found its use in many applications due to its unique solubility as well as chemical and biological properties. In addition to its biodegradability and biocompatibility, it has many reactive amino side groups that offer the possibilities of chemical modification and formation of a large variety of beneficial derivatives. Numerous researchers have published works outlining the physical and chemical properties of chitosan, as well as its use in several industries, such as medical, environmental and food. Due to its excellent absorption and biological properties, chitosan present a myriad of opportunities in eco-friendly textile processes. Chitosan is able to confer antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-odor and other biological activities to textile fibers and fabrics. In this review, the first part is dedicated to developing the physio-chemical and biological characteristics of chitosan. Then, we present chitosan applications in the textile industry over the past decade. Literature works on chitosan usage along with different textile production steps (fiber formation, functional treatments, dyeing and effluent treatment) are extensively discussed.