bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluently specifying taint-flow queries with fluentTQL
Authors: Piskachev Goran , Späth Johannes , Budde Ingo , Bodden Eric 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPrevious work has shown that taint analyses are only useful if correctly customized to the context in which they are used. Existing domain-specific languages (DSLs) allow such customization through the definition of deny-listing data-flow rules that describe potentially vulnerable or malicious taint-flows. These languages, however, are designed primarily for security experts who are expected to be knowledgeable in taint analysis. Software developers, however, consider these languages to be complex. This paper thus presents fluent TQL, a query specification language particularly for taint-flows. fluentTQL is internal Java DSL and uses a fluent-interface design. fluentTQL queries can express various taint-style vulnerability types, e.g. injections, cross-site scripting or path traversal. This paper describes fluentTQL’s abstract and concrete syntax and defines its runtime semantics. The semantics are independent of any underlying analysis and allows evaluation of fluent TQL queries by a variety of taint analyses. Instantiations of fluentTQL, on top of two taint analysis solvers, Boomerang and FlowDroid, show and validate fluent TQL expressiveness. Based on existing examples from the literature, we have used fluentTQL to implement queries for 11 popular security vulnerability types in Java. Using our SQL injection specification, the Boomerang-based taint analysis found all 17 known taint-flows in the OWASP WebGoat application, whereas with FlowDroid 13 taint-flows were found. Similarly, in a vulnerable version of the Java Spring PetClinic application, the Boomerang-based taint analysis found all seven expected taint-flows. In seven real-world Android apps with 25 expected malicious taint-flows, 18 taint-flows were detected. In a user study with 26 software developers, fluentTQL reached a high usability score. In comparison to CodeQL, the state-of-the-art DSL by Semmle/GitHub, participants found fluentTQL more usable and with it they were able to specify taint analysis queries in shorter time.
A Systematic Review of Autistic People and the Criminal Justice System: An Update of King and Murphy (2014)
Authors: Collins J. , Horton K. , Gale-St. Ives E. , Murphy G. , Barnoux M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this paper was to determine whether recommendations made by King & Murphy (Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 44:2717–2733, 2014) in their review of the evidence on autistic people in contact with the criminal justice system (CJS) have been addressed. Research published since 2013 was systematically examined and synthesised. The quality of 47 papers was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Findings suggest a limited amount of good quality research has been conducted that has focused on improving our understanding of autistic people in contact with the CJS since 2013. Methodological limitations make direct comparisons between autistic and non-autistic offenders difficult. Autistic people commit a range of crimes and appear to have unique characteristics that warrant further exploration (i.e., vulnerabilities, motivations for offending).
A new knowledge discovery approach for mining business trade barriers
Authors: Bounab Yazid , Oussalah Mourad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCross-border trade barriers introduced by national authorities to protect local business and labor force cause substantial damage to international economical actors. Therefore, identifying such barriers beyond regulator’s audit reporting is of paramount importance. This paper contributes towards this goal by proposing a novel approach that uses natural language processing and deep learning method for uncovering Finnish-Russian trade barriers in the fish industry from selected business discussion forums. Especially, the approach makes use i) a three-leg ontology for data collection, ii) a BERT architecture for mapping Onkivisit-Shaw-Kananen trade barrier ontology to negative polarity posts and, iii) a new reverse-engineering clustering approach to identify the causes of individual trade-barrier types. A comparison with official statistical reports has been carried out to identify the salient aspects of trade-barriers that hold regardless of the time difference. The findings reveal the dominance of the Time-length barrier type in the Finnish discussion forum dataset and import vs export tariff discrepancy and product requirement barrier types in the Russian forum dataset. The developed framework can serve as a tool to assist companies or regulators in providing business-related recommendations to overcome the detected trade barriers.
Eating Problems in Youths with Type 1 Diabetes During and After Lockdown in Italy: An 8-Month Follow-Up Study
Authors: Troncone Alda , Chianese Antonietta , Cascella Crescenzo , Zanfardino Angela , Piscopo Alessia , Rollato Serena , Iafusco Dario 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEighty-five youths with T1D and 176 controls aged 8–19 years were asked to complete online questionnaires (ChEAT and EAT-26) measuring disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) during (baseline) and after (8-month follow-up) the lockdown. DEB symptoms in all participants (especially younger than 13 years), glycemic control, and zBMI were found unchanged from baseline to follow-up (all p > .05). After 8 months, the ChEAT/EAT-26 critical score frequency decreased significantly in controls (p = .004), as was the score for the ChEAT/EAT-26’s Oral Control subscale in both groups (T1D: p = .005; controls: p = .01). Participants with T1D, especially those older than 13 years, had higher ChEAT/EAT-26 Dieting scores (p = .037) and lower ChEAT/EAT-26 Oral Control scores (p = .046) than controls. Unchanged DEB symptoms suggest that the COVID-19 restrictions did not significantly affect participants’ eating behaviors and that a general adaptation to the challenges of lockdown and other pandemic containment measures occurred in both T1D and control participants.
Co-simulation with variable approximation order: order control algorithm for solver coupling approaches
Authors: Kraft J. , Schweizer B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractConsidering co-simulation and solver coupling approaches, the coupling variables have to be approximated within a macro-time step (communication-time step), e.g., by using extrapolation/interpolation polynomials. Usually, the approximation order is assumed to be fixed. The efficiency and accuracy of a co-simulation may, however, be increased by using a variable approximation order. Therefore, a technique to control the integration order is required. Here, an order control algorithm for co-simulation and solver coupling methods is presented. The order controller is incorporated into the control algorithm for the macro-step size so that co-simulations with variable integration order and variable macro-step size can be carried out. Different numerical examples are presented, which illustrate the applicability and benefit of the proposed order control strategy. This contribution mainly focuses on mechanical systems. The presented techniques may, however, also be applied to nonmechanical dynamical systems.
London congestion charge: the impact on air pollution and school attendance by socioeconomic status
Authors: Conte Keivabu Risto , Rüttenauer Tobias 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAir pollution negatively affects individuals’ health and human capital accumulation. For example, students’ school performance is hampered by air pollution as it decreases cognitive abilities and increases absences. Moreover, low-income students are the most exposed and vulnerable to the negative effects of air pollution as they lack protective resources and suffer from pre-existing health conditions. Here, we inquire how more stringent traffic regulations implemented in Central London from late 2015 affected pollution levels and school absences. First, we observe a substantive decrease in pollution in the area affected by the regulations from 2016 onwards. Secondly, we use a difference in differences approach to estimate the causal effect of the policy on school absences. For all schools combined, findings do not show any substantive improvement in attendance. However, when looking at the heterogeneous effects of the policy, we observe a significant decrease in absences for schools with a high share of students with low socioeconomic status (SES). Consequently, the findings highlight the efficacy of environmental policy in diminishing pollution levels and to benefit the poor.
Disentangling (new) labour market divides: outsiders’ and globalization losers’ socio-economic risks in Europe
Authors: Natili Marcello , Negri Fedra 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn post-industrial and globalized economies, socio-economic risks have become ubiquitous for workers. Two segments of the labour force seem particularly exposed: namely, outsiders (atypical workers and unemployed individuals) and globalization losers (unskilled workers in offshorable employment sectors), with relevant consequences for party competition in Europe. The coexistence of these two segments of vulnerable workers has brought conceptual ambiguity. Using the original 2019 REScEU Mass Survey on ten European countries, we firstly clarify that outsiders and globalization losers do not constitute the same socio-economic group. Secondly, we look into the micro-foundations of outsiders’ and globalization losers’ redistributive preferences and political behaviours by showing that outsiderness, rather than exposure to international competition, constitutes a significant driver of income and employment insecurities, and of dependency on social protection and family financial aid.
Original position arguments and social choice under ignorance
Authors: De Coninck Thijs , Van De Putte Frederik 
Published: May 2022

AbstractJohn Rawls famously argued that the Difference Principle would be chosen by any rational agent in the original position. Derek Parfit and Philippe Van Parijs have claimed, contra Rawls, that it is not the Difference Principle which is implied by Rawls’ original position argument, but rather the more refined Lexical Difference Principle. In this paper, we study both principles in the context of social choice under ignorance. First, we present a general format for evaluating original position arguments in this context. We argue that in this format, the Difference Principle can be specified in three conceptually distinct ways. We show that these three specifications give the same choice recommendations, and can be grounded in an original position argument in combination with the well-known maximin rule. Analogously, we argue that one can give at least four plausible specifications of the Lexical Difference Principle, which however turn out to give different recommendations in concrete choice scenarios. We prove that only one of these four specifications can be grounded in an original position argument. Moreover, this one specification seems the least appealing from the viewpoint of distributive justice. This insight points towards a general weakness of original position arguments.
Knocking down Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence by oral hypoglycemic metformin nano emulsion
Authors: Gomaa Salwa E. , Shaker Ghada H. , Mosallam Farag M. , Abbas Hisham A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLong-term antibiotic treatment results in the spread of multi-drug resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa that complicates treatment. Anti-virulence agents can be viewed as alternative options that cripple virulence factors of the bacteria to facilitate their elimination by the host immunity. The use of nanoparticles in the inhibition of P. aeruginosa virulence factors is a promising strategy. This study aims to study the effect of metformin (MET), metformin nano emulsions (MET-NEs), silver metformin nano emulsions (Ag-MET-NEs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on P. aeruginosa virulence factors’ expression. The phenotypic results showed that MET-NEs had the highest virulence inhibitory activity. However, concerning RT-PCR results, all tested agents significantly decreased the expression of quorum sensing regulatory genes of P. aeruginosa; lasR, lasI, pqsA, fliC, exoS and pslA, with Ag-MET-NEs being the most potent one, however, it failed to protect mice from P. aeruginosa pathogenesis. MET-NEs showed the highest protective activity against pseudomonal infection in vivo. Our findings support the promising use of nano formulations particularly Ag-MET-NEs as an alternative against multidrug resistant pseudomonal infections via inhibition of virulence factors and quorum sensing gene expression.
Studium Soziale Arbeit 2035
Authors: Mangold Katharina , Schröer Wolfgang 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungEinleitung in den Schwerpunkt „Studium 2035“, die die Hauptaspekte der Beiträge kurz skizziert und zudem drei studentische Zukunftsszenarien in Form fiktiver Tagebucheinträge präsentiert.
Adult content image recognition by Boltzmann machine limited and deep learning
Authors: Karamizadeh Sasan , Shojae Chaeikar Saman , Jolfaei Alireza 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAdult content images have a detrimental effect on Internet users, a significant number of whom are minors. Therefore, it is essential to control and detecting adult content images using multimedia processing and computer vision techniques. Previous studies have typically focused on manual-engineered visual features that may be difficult to detect and analyze. This paper presents a new model that employs deep convolutional neural networks within a Gaussian-Bernoulli limited-time, for adult content image recognition of a wide variety in a precise and effective manner. There are various layers within Convolutional Neural Networks for feature extraction and classification. Gaussian-Bernoulli limited-time was used for feature extraction to describe the images, and these features were summarized using the Boltzmann machine limited in the feature summary phase. The benefit of such an approach is convenience in carrying out feature extraction. Additionally, when tested on the most modern criterion dataset, this finding is believed to be more precise compared to other state-of-the-art approaches. The results obtained prove that the proposed approach leads to a higher efficiency.
Torus Actions on Alexandrov 4-Spaces
Authors: Corro Diego , Núñez-Zimbrón Jesús , Zarei Masoumeh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe obtain an equivariant classification for orientable, closed, four-dimensional Alexandrov spaces admitting an isometric torus action. This generalizes the equivariant classification of Orlik and Raymond of closed four-dimensional manifolds with torus actions. Moreover, we show that such Alexandrov spaces are equivariantly homeomorphic to 4-dimensional Riemannian orbifolds with isometric $${T^{2}}$$

T
2

-actions. We also obtain a partial homeomorphism classification.
Two new species of Gondwanaspis (Trilobita, Odontopleurida) from the Givetian-Frasnian transition of the northern Rhenish Massif (Germany)
Authors: Helling Stephan , Becker Ralph Thomas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe cosmopolitan genus Gondwanaspis is one of two post-Taghanic (late Givetian to Frasnian) odontopleurid genera and the only genus of the Odontopleurida surviving the Lower Kellwasser Event, finally disappearing at the Upper Kellwasser Event. Although it is known from the Frasnian of Australia, Germany, France, Morocco, and Russia, findings of the genus are comparatively rare. Here we present Gondwanaspis eisbornensis n. sp. from the probable lower Frasnian of the Beul section near Eisborn (northern Sauerland) and Gondwanaspis schloesseri n. sp. from possibly top-Givetian strata of the Hofermühle South Quarry of the Bergisches Land (Velbert Anticline), both in the northern Rhenish Massif. Gondwanaspis schloesseri n. sp. represents one of the few species of which both the cephalon and pygidium are known, while the holotype of G. eisbornensis n. sp. is one of the largest known specimens within the genus.
A broken market: can increased access to broken rice decrease food insecurity in Haiti?
Authors: Richardson Matthew , Nalley Lawton L. , Durand-Morat Alvaro , Crandall Phil , Scruggs Andrew , Joseph Lesly , Chouloute Jérôme , Yang Wei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHaiti is a unique rice market in the sense that, despite the high poverty rates and dependency on rice as a staple, it relies on imports (80% of total consumption) of high-quality milled rice for which it pays a premium price. Haiti requires that all imported rice have a maximum of 4% broken kernels, which results in Haiti importing one of the most expensive non-fragrant long grain rice in the world. This study implements a non-hypothetical field experiment (300 observations) to elicit which rice attributes Haitians valued as revealed by their purchasing behavior in an open-air market setting. Specifically, we set out to estimate if Haitians would discount broken rice in such a manner that strict import regulations, which keeps cheaper imported broken rice out of domestic markets, continue to be warranted. Our findings suggest consumers (across locations and income groups) were not found to pay more for a reduced amount of broken rice, with the exception of the highest income group. This should signal to policy makers in Haiti that consumers are willing to consume rice with a higher percentage of brokens than the 4% importation standard. This is important from a food security standpoint as rice with a higher broken percentage provides the same nutritional value as rice with a lower broken rate, and can be sourced globally at a discounted price. Allowing imports of rice with higher broken rate could help alleviate food insecurity in Haiti by providing a cheaper alternative to relatively expensive domestic rice and imported rice, which currently has an inflated price due to its high-quality standards imposed by Haitian importers.
Psychological effects of 50-meter swimming: does tempo manipulation matter?
Authors: Ábel Krisztina , Szabó Rausz Attila , Szabo Attila 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSwimming is one of the world’s most popular recreational exercises and sports. Scholastic writings consistently demonstrate their physical and mental benefits. In contrast to earlier works, the current field experiment examined whether an ultrashort 50 m bout of swimming could yield positive changes in affect. It also tested whether swimming aided by steady and augmenting tempo (drumbeats) could generate additional psychological benefits, abbreviate swim time, and increase heart rate and perceived effort. Forty-eight adults completed freestyle or breaststroke 50 m laps in three counterbalanced conditions. The tempo manipulation did not influence any of the measures. However, simmers’ core affect increased as manifested in higher self-reported feeling states and arousal, regardless of the experimental condition. Similarly, participants’ positive affect was also increased after 50 m laps, and it was higher in breaststroke than freestyle swimmers throughout the study. No changes emerged in negative affect due to floor effects. These results show that core and positive affect improve afterless than one minuteof swimming, which might be the shortest ever exercise interval associated with positive psychological changes in recreational exercise. Several possible explanations could account for these findings. Therefore, further research is needed to identify the specific mechanism(s) responsible for the current results.
Pancreatic cancer, stroma, and exosomes
Authors: Closa Daniel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the pathogenesis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, tumor stroma plays a key role in both aggressiveness, immune evasion, resistance to chemotherapy, and the ability to metastasize. Among the elements that characterize the behavior of the stroma, extracellular vesicles and, in particular, exosomes play an important role. These extracellular vesicles carry a wide range of bioactive molecules, from transcription factors to microRNAs, which can substantially alter the phenotype of the cellular components of the stroma. Exosomes are involved in the exchange of signals between tumor cells, tumor-associated macrophages, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and also with the healthy cells surrounding the tumor. They can transfer resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs, promote the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, modify the phenotype of macrophages, or induce the expression of molecules that alter the extracellular matrix to facilitate migration and metastasis. On the other hand, all these characteristics make these vesicles first-rate therapeutic targets, as controlling their functionality could greatly enhance the effectiveness of treatments that, today, are still far from be satisfactory.
Enhancing biogas production in anaerobic digestion by the addition of oxidized and non-oxidized biochars
Authors: Rosi Luca , Cenni Marco , Ciuffi Benedetta , Casini David , Maria Rizzo Andrea , Chiaramonti David 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a well-known biological conversion process to obtain a gaseous biofuel from organic matter: in fact, upgrading biogas to biomethane is a mean to substitute conventional natural gas. It is also known that biochar can improve the biogas production in AD processes. In this work, different biochars have been produced from various feedstocks at different process conditions. Biochars obtained from the carbonization of wheat straw (WS) and poplar (P) were produced in a Thermo Gravimetric Analyser at lab scale, at a temperature of 400 °C and 2 h of retention time at the maximum temperature, with a heating rate of 20 °C min−1. Another biochar from poplar (Pc) was also produced in a pilot plant (CarbOn, RE-CORD) working in oxidative pyrolysis conditions, at a temperature range between 500 and 600 °C. Biochars were oxidized with Oxone® using two different methods (ball-milling and simple aqueous solution mixing) to increase the amount of functional groups on their surface. Oxidized biochars (Ws_Ox and P_Ox) were characterized by FTIR, BET, and CEC, and their impact on biogas production was investigated through a lab scale biochemical methane potential (BMP) test using maize silage as substrate. 0.33 g of biochar was used for each treatment. BMP test shows that all batches containing biochar as additive produced more biogas than control (C). WS_Ox and P_Ox produced respectively a + 7.7% and + 11.3% of biogas than C, obtaining the higher productivities with respect to not oxidized biochars. The addition of P and Pc biochars were similar performances in AD, thus highlighting that no significant differences are due to different biochar production scales and process parameters from the same feedstock. This study highlights how in addition to the various examined parameters (nature of the feedstock, pyrolysis parameters, size of biochar and its concentration in AD), also the presence of specific functional groups on the biochar surface influences the AD performance.