bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malaria positivity rate trend analysis from 2013-2021 at water resources development project of Wonji Sugar Estate Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Lelisa Kidane , Hailemeskel Elifaged , Bekele Damtew , Dugassa Sisay 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Evidence on the trends of proportion of malaria infections detected by routine passive case detection at health facilities is important for public health decision making especially in areas moving towards elimination. This study assessed nine years trends of clinical malaria infections detected at health facility and its associated climate factors, in water resource development set up of Wonji sugar estate, Oromia, Ethiopia.
Methods: From January, 2013 to December, 2021, retrospective data was collected from malaria suspected patient recording logbook at Wonji sugar factory’s primary hospital. Monthly average mereological data were obtained from the estate meteorological station.
Results: Over the last nine years, 34,388 cases were legible for analysis with complete data. Of these, 11.75% (4,039/34,388) were positive for clinical malaria. Plasmodium vivaxtest positivity was the highest proportion (8.2%, n=2,820) followed by Plasmodium falciparum (3.48%, n=1,197) and mixed infections (P. falciparumand P. vivax, 0.06%, n=21). The odds of being positive for malaria was highest in males (AOR = 1.46; 95%CI: 1.36-1.52; P<0.001) compared to females, in older individuals of above 15 years old (AOR=4.55, 95%CI=4.01-5.17, P<0.001) followed by school-age children (5–15 years old) (AOR=2.16; 95%CI: 1.88–2.49, P<0.001). There was no significant variation in the proportion of malaria positive cases in the dry and wet seasons (P=0.059). Malaria test positivity rates were associated with average monthly rainfall (AdjIRR=1.00; 95%CI=1.00-1.001, P<0.001) while negatively associated with average monthly minim temperature (adjIRR=0.94; 95%CI=0.94–0.95; P<0.001) and average monthly relative humidity (adjIRR=0.99, 95%CI=0.99- 1.00, P=0.023).
Conclusion: There was year-round malaria transmission, adults especially males and school children were frequently tested malaria positive. Hence, alternative vector management tools like larval source management have to be deployed besides ITNs and IRS in such water development areas to achieve the malaria elimination goals.
Third-Grade Academic Performance and Episodes of Care among Children with Congenital Heart Defects
Authors: Watkins Stephanie , Kemper Alex R. , D’Ottavio Alfred , Hoffman Timothy M. , Hartman Robert J. , Sang Charlie J. , Sarno Lauren , Paolillo Joseph , Welke Karl F. , Walsh Michael J. , Forestieri Nina , Li Jennifer 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Children with congenital heart defects (CHDs) are at risk for poor academic performance. The degree to which receipt of health care services is associated with adverse academic outcomes is not known. We examined the association between episodes of cardiac care and third-grade performance in children with CHD.
Methods: We identified subjects between 1/1/2008 and 4/30/2012 among 5 centers in North Carolina. We classified children by CHD type and linked subjects to the state educational records. Any inpatient or outpatient cardiac encounter on a date of service was considered an encounter. We calculated the number of encounters by adding the number of inpatient or outpatient cardiac visits prior to the date of the end of grade (EOG) tests.
We estimated the odds of failing third-grade reading or math EOG tests by episodes of care stratified at the 50thpercentile, controlling for CHD type, maternal education, sex, race/ethnicity, birth weight and gestational age.
Results: A total of 184 children had third-grade EOG scores linked to health care records. The median number of episodes of care was 4 (range: 1-60). Those with visits ˃50th percentile (>4 encounters over 4.3 years) had 2.09 (95% CI: 1.04, 4.21) greater odds of failing the math EOG compared to those ≤50th percentile (1-4 encounters). The third-grade math score declined by 1.5 points (p<0.008) for every 10 episodes of care. There was no association of episodes of care on third-grade reading performance.
Conclusion: Children with CHD with >4 episodes of cardiac care over 4.3 years may be at risk for delays in third-grade academic performance. Strategies to minimize school absenteeism may improve academic success in this population.
Rectification of a Slanted Box-Girder Bridge Caused by Unbalanced Soil Load
Authors: Song Yongsheng , Wang Yanwen , Lu Yijing , Jia Huijuan , Chen Zhiyuan , Song Ruiqi 
Published: September 2022

Aims:
Rectification of a slanted continuous concrete box-girder bridge is presented in this paper.

Background:
Several bridge piers slanted due to uneven ground settlement, inducing excessive width of some expansion joints and oversize sliding displacement of some bridge bearings. The uneven ground settlement occured due to the unbalanced soil load on the ground.

Methods:
In this project, reverse ground loading was first applied to produce opposite-direction deformation of the bending bridge piles, thereby rectifying the slanted bridge piers rigidly connected to the piles. The procedure was accelerated by constructing several stress release holes on the opposite side of the reverse ground loading.

Results:
To stabilize foundation and prevent landsides of riverbank, combimationn of jet grouting piles and deep mixed piles was apliied to reinforce foundation soil, providing lateral restraint on the bridge piles as well. Finally, a hydraulic power system was used to reset the bridge piers, girders, and expansion joints. A similar system and additional equipment were used to replace the damaged bridge bearings.

Conclusion:
The recommended rectification techniques are suitable for rectifying bridges with similar geotechnical conditions and structure types and for replacing damaged bridge bearings.
CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF LOW ALLOY Ni-Cr-Mo STEEL AFTER HOT FORGING FOLLOWED BY INTERCRITICAL HEATING FOR WEATHERED RESISTANT FASTENER
Authors: Rohmah Miftakhur , Pandhita Gusti Galih , Chandra Septian Adi 
Published: September 2022

Low Ni-Cr-Mo alloys is developed by thermomechanical process to obtain high strength, toughness, and great hardenability properties. the aim of this study is to determine the correlation between the microstructure and corrosion properties after hot forging and followed by intercritical heating with cooling rate variation. Low Ni-Cr-Mo steel was homogenized, hot forgings at 950℃, and heat treated at 880℃ with three cooling variations by water, oil, and air. Intercritical heating makes a dual-phase structure. Metallorgaphy and hardness test is confirmed a mechanical properties. OCP and cyclic polarization test is confirmed a corrosion behavior. As the fast-cooling (water quenchant) show the lath martensite, bainite, and a few of acicular ferrite. The hardness of the 75-ton result is slightly lower than the 50-ton load, is reached 591±9.4 VHN for 75-ton and 597±15.6 VHN for 50-ton. Polarization test resulted corrosion resistance sample with 100 ton forging water quench has a high corrosion rate 0.8 mpy, higher than air quench 0.01 mpy.
KARAKTERISTIK POLA ALIRAN DUA FASE GAS-CAIRAN NON-NEWTONIAN DI DALAM MICROCHANNELS BERPENAMPANG PERSEGI
Authors: Kusumaningsih Haslinda , Madani M. Rian Alif , Alfath Muhammad Fakhri , Ritonga Aldy Franstanata , Deendarlianto Deendarlianto , Indarto Indarto 
Published: September 2022

The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics of gas-non-Newtonian liquids flow patterns in square microchannels. The microchannels that used in this study was made by acrylic material with horizontal orientation and the side length of 8x10-4 m. Water, Air, Carboxymethyl Cellulose 0.2%wt (CMC 0.2%wt) aquoeus solution, and Xanthan Gum 0.2%wt (XG 0.2%wt) aquoeus solution were used in this study as the liquid test. Moreover, nitrogen gas was used as gas test. The liquid superficial velocity was varied of 0.1-1 m/s. Then, the gas superficial velocity variation of 0.26-7.8 m/s. The differential pressure transducer was used in this study to measure the pressure drop, which is occurs in square microchannels. Whereas, The flow patterns were recorded by using the high-speed camera. Furthermore the flow pattern video was analyzed by using image processing method to obtain the flow pattern charcteristics. The two-phase flow pressure drop of all gas-Newtonian/non-Newtonian liquids two-phase flows in this study increase by increasing JL in the same JG. The flow patterns that occur in this study are bubbly, slug, slug-annular and churn. The viscosity and rheological parameter of liquids test influenced the characteristic of flow patterns. The flow patterns in this study were plotted in the flow patterns map and suitable with the flow patterns transisiton lines based on the previous study. Likewise, the experimental pressure drop shows the good agreement with the pressure drop prediction correlation by Kawahara et al. (2011).
INVESTIGATION OF 2548G>A LEPTINE GENE POLYMORPHIC VARIANT IMPACT ON RISK OF NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Tyzhnenko Tetiana , Misiura Kateryna , Kravchun Nonna , Gorshunska Maryana , Pochernyaev Artem , Krasova Nataliya , Gladkih Alexander , Leshchenko Zhanna , Fedorova Ganna , Plohotnichenko Olga , Hromakovska Olena , Kolesnikova Alla , Jansen Eugene , Karachentsev Yurii , Poltorak Viktoriia 
Published: September 2022

Background. It is known that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in adipokine genes can influence the development of pathological conditions associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and their complications. In this study, we aimed to investigate the link between common -2548G>A (rs7799039) promoter variant of the human leptin gene (LEP) with leptin levels in type 2 diabetes patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver diseasese. Materials and methods. 61 patients with T2D aged from 28 to 80 years old (34 men/27 women, age 56.40±0.62 yrs, diabetes duration 7.72±0.45 yrs, BMI 32.20±0.43 kg/m2, WHR 1,00 ±0,01, HbA1c 7.80±0.19 %) with varying degrees of glycemic control and overweight, without renal insufficiency and 51 sex and age-match control subjects were examined. Genotyping according to SNP LEP 2548G>A was performed using the polymerase chain reaction method with appropriate primers and HhaI endonuclease. Results. In our study of T2DM patients with NAFLD compared to T2DM patients without NAFLD features of dyslipidemia i.e. significant increase in triglycerides (p <0,001), LDL cholesterol (p <0,1), lower HDL cholesterol ( p <0.001) were found. Stratification of the diabetic patients in the presence and absence of NAFLD showed more pronounced increase in circulating leptin levels in the presence of NAFLD (84.73 ± 13.80 vs. 52.57 ± 6.86 ng / ml, respectively), (p <0.01), which justifies the feasibility of using this indicator for further needs as a diagnostic parameter of the above complication. In our study in GG carriers genotype of the G2548A LEP gene polymorphic locus type 2 diabetes patients with NAFLD the highest level of leptin was observed (159.15 ng/ml), compared to other genotypes. Thus, it can be assumed that the G allele is associated with increased leptin levels in the blood of patients with NAFLD. This study showed that women with type 2 diabetes mellitus carrying the GG genotype with the G-2458A polymorphic variant of the LEP gene have 3.4 times higher leptin levels than men carrying the same genotype (p<0.03). The data obtained regarding the 2548G>A polymorphic variant of the LEP gene can be used as a basis for personalized prevention and the formation of risk groups for the development of NAFLD.
ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЕ ОБГРУНТУВАННЯ ПРОФІЛАКТИКИ ПОРУШЕНЬ МЕТАБОЛІЗМУ КІСТКОВОЇ ТКАНИНИ ЩЕЛЕП ЩУРІВ ПРИ ГІПОТИРЕОЗІ
Authors: Макаренко Ольга , Задерей Олександра , Зубачик Мирослава 
Published: September 2022

Тиреоїдна недостатність призводить до тяжких наслідків у всіх органах та системах, у тому числі і у кістковій тканині. Порушення процесів ремоделювання у кістках при цій патології досліджено недостатньо. Між тим, своєчасна профілактика має велике значення для попередження прогресування втрати кісткової маси щелеп та розвитку пародонтиту у регіонах з йододефіцитом.
Тому метою роботи було дослідження ефективності профілактики порушень ремоделювання у кістковій тканині альвеолярного відростка щелеп щурів з гіпотиреозом.
Матеріали та методи. Дослідження були проведені на 36 самках та самцях щурів лінії Wistar, яких поділили на три групи (по 6 самок і 6 самців): 1) інтактні, 2) модель гіпотиреозу 3) профілактика гіпотиреозу комплексом вітамінів та мінералів. Гіпотиреоз моделювали шляхом перорального введення 1 % розчину перхлорату калію. Тривалість експерименту склала 4 місяці. Після евтаназії в щелепах тварин оцінювали ступінь атрофії альвеолярного відростка, показники руйнування (активність еластази та кислої фосфатази) та остеогенезу (активність лужної фосфатази), стан антиоксидантної системи (активність каталази, супероксиддисмутази і глутатіонредуктази) та перекисного окиснення ліпідів (вміст малонового діальдегіду) у кістковій тканині щелеп. Склад профілактичного засобу представлений комплексом макро- та мікроелементів (селен, марганець, мідь, магній та кальцій), вітамінами С та D, кверцетином.
Результати. Проведені дослідження встановили, що гіпотиреоз призводить до збільшення ступеню атрофії альвеолярного відростка, посилення резорбції кісткової тканини щурів (збільшення активності кислої фосфатази та еластази) та гальмування остеосинтезу (зменшення активності лужної фосфатази). Також виявлено порушення стану антиоксидантно-прооксидантної системи кісткової тканини щелеп щурів: активність супероксиддисмутази і глутатіонредуктази кісткової тканини компенсаторно підвищувалась, а каталази, навпаки, знижувалась. Внаслідок цього в кістковій тканині щелеп при гіпотиреозі нагромаджувалась значна кількість токсичного малонового діальдегіду. Введення щурам з гіпотиреозом профілактичного комплексу призвело до гальмування ступеню атрофії альвеолярного відростка, зниження активності кісткової кислої фосфатази та еластази, підвищення активності лужної фосфатази та нормалізації активності антиоксидантних ферментів і вмісту малонового діальдегіду.
Висновок. Отримані результати свідчать про виражені остеопротекторні та антиоксидантні властивості комплексу вітамінів та мінералів в умовах тиреоїдної недостатності.
Development of a Digital Assistant to Support Teleconsultations Between Remote Physicians and Frontline Health Workers in India: User-Centered Design Approach
Authors: Verma Neha , Lehmann Harold , Alam Amal Afroz , Yazdi Youseph , Acharya Soumyadipta 
Published: September 2022

Background
Many low- and middle-income countries have adopted telemedicine programs that connect frontline health workers (FHWs) such as nurses, midwives, or community health workers in rural and remote areas with physicians in urban areas to deliver care to patients. By leveraging technology to reduce temporal, financial, and geographical barriers, these health worker–to-physician telemedicine programs have the potential to increase health care quality, expand the specialties available to patients, and reduce the time and cost required to deliver care.

Objective
We aimed to identify, validate, and prioritize unmet needs in the health care space of health worker–to-physician telemedicine programs and develop and refine a solution that addresses those needs.

Methods
We collected information regarding user needs through ethnographic research, direct observation, and semistructured interviews with 37 stakeholders (n=5, 14% physicians; n=1, 3% public health program manager; n=12, 32% community health workers; and n=19, 51% patients) at 2 telemedicine clinics in rural West Bengal, India. We used the Spiral-Iterative Innovation Model to design and develop a prototype solution to meet these needs.

Results
We identified 74 unmet needs through our immersion in health worker–to-physician telemedicine programs. We identified a critical unmet need that achieving optimal teleconsultations in low- and middle-income countries often requires shifting tasks such as history taking and physical examination from high-skilled remote physicians to FHWs. To meet this need, we developed a prototype digital assistant that would allow FHWs to assume some of the tasks carried out by remote clinicians. The user needs of multiple stakeholder groups (patients, FHWs, physicians, and health organizations) were incorporated into the design and features of the task-shifting tool. The final prototype was shared with the health workers, physicians, and public health program managers who expressed that the tool would be useful and valuable.

Conclusions
The final prototype that was developed was released as an open-source digital public good and may improve the quality and efficiency of care delivery in health worker–to-physician telemedicine programs.
High-Dimensional Analysis of Finger Motion and Screening of Cervical Myelopathy With a Noncontact Sensor: Diagnostic Case-Control Study
Authors: Koyama Takafumi , Matsui Ryota , Yamamoto Akiko , Yamada Eriku , Norose Mio , Ibara Takuya , Kaburagi Hidetoshi , Nimura Akimoto , Sugiura Yuta , Saito Hideo , Okawa Atsushi , Fujita Koji 
Published: September 2022

Background
Cervical myelopathy (CM) causes several symptoms such as clumsiness of the hands and often requires surgery. Screening and early diagnosis of CM are important because some patients are unaware of their early symptoms and consult a surgeon only after their condition has become severe. The 10-second hand grip and release test is commonly used to check for the presence of CM. The test is simple but would be more useful for screening if it could objectively evaluate the changes in movement specific to CM. A previous study analyzed finger movements in the 10-second hand grip and release test using the Leap Motion, a noncontact sensor, and a system was developed that can diagnose CM with high sensitivity and specificity using machine learning. However, the previous study had limitations in that the system recorded few parameters and did not differentiate CM from other hand disorders.

Objective
This study aims to develop a system that can diagnose CM with higher sensitivity and specificity, and distinguish CM from carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), a common hand disorder. We then validated the system with a modified Leap Motion that can record the joints of each finger.

Methods
In total, 31, 27, and 29 participants were recruited into the CM, CTS, and control groups, respectively. We developed a system using Leap Motion that recorded 229 parameters of finger movements while participants gripped and released their fingers as rapidly as possible. A support vector machine was used for machine learning to develop the binary classification model and calculated the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC). We developed two models, one to diagnose CM among the CM and control groups (CM/control model), and the other to diagnose CM among the CM and non-CM groups (CM/non-CM model).

Results
The CM/control model indexes were as follows: sensitivity 74.2%, specificity 89.7%, and AUC 0.82. The CM/non-CM model indexes were as follows: sensitivity 71%, specificity 72.87%, and AUC 0.74.

Conclusions
We developed a screening system capable of diagnosing CM with higher sensitivity and specificity. This system can differentiate patients with CM from patients with CTS as well as healthy patients and has the potential to screen for CM in a variety of patients.
Analisis Variabel Yang Mempengaruhi Alih Fungsi Lahan Kota Batu
Authors: Karerarena  
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which the success of economic development in Batu city and the influence of agriculture, production of holticultural, hotel accommodation labor and open of unemployment rate in Batu city. The method used in this study using mutiple regression and classic assump analysis method. The results of this study indicate that the area of agricultural that have been converted to tourism. Especiallyy in hotel accommodation, has no impact on the economy of human resources. This can be caused by the phenomenon of urbanization and th equality of community independence in improving skill is very good. While the results of the mutiple regression research show that partially, Hotel Accommodation have a negative and significant effect on agriculture. Meanwhile, iproduction of holticultural, labor and open of unemployment rate has a negative and insignificant effect on agriculture. Simultaneously, production of holticultural, hotel accommodation, labor and open of unemployment rate have a significant positive effect on agricultural of Batu City in 2003-2020.
Numerical analysis of blood flow in abdominal aortic aneurysm using finite volume method
Authors: Fatahillah Arif , Anggraini Azza Liarista , Setiawani Susi 
Published: September 2022

There is a deadly cardiovascular disease that can cause swelling of the Abdominal Aorta. This disease is known as Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA). AAA is believed to be a degenerative process caused by genetic factors, gender, body weight, and age. Changes in collagen and elastin in the aortic wall are the cause of the degeneration process. Therefore, it will cause dilatation of the aortic wall. Swelling of the aortic blood vessels will affect the blood flow velocity in the aortic blood vessels. This research aims to analyze the velocity of blood flow in the Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm based on swelling diameter, proximal neck length, and aneurysm channel length using Computational Fluids Dynamics (CFD). The blood flow velocity was modeled using mathematical language based on mass continuity equations and momentum equations. Then the finite volume method was one method to solve the mathematical model. MATLAB and ANSYS FLUENT software were used to simulate the velocity of blood flow analysis. The results of the research were shown that the larger the diameter and swelling channel length, the smaller the velocity of blood flow produced. Then, the greater the length of the proximal neck, the faster the resulting blood flow will be.