bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative NMR (qNMR) spectroscopy based investigation of the absolute content, stability and isomerization of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2/D3 and 24(R),25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 in solution phase
Authors: Singh Neeraj , Taibon Judith , Pongratz Stephan , Geletneky Christian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVitamin D is an important parameter, in serum/plasma based diagnostic analysis, for the determination of optimal regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostases in the human body, vital for the monitoring/progression of osteomalacia and rickets. Particularly, the quantification of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in blood is an excellent indicator for the vitamin D status of a patient. For this purpose, LC–MS/MS methods, based on appropriate vitamin D reference standards, are considered to be ‘gold standard’ for such measurements. We have utilized quantitative NMR spectroscopy to determine the absolute content of these molecules, available as non-certified chemicals, and have determined the stability of these callibrators in borderline polar solvents at room temperature. We have observed significant isomerization of the analytes, which can play a big role in quantification of these analytes by hyphenated LC and GC analytical techniques. Appropriate explanations are given for the observation of new impurities with time in solution phase. The spin system selected for quantitation was determined using relevant 1D and 2D NMR pulse sequences. The advantage of the qNMR approach is that it is based on the quantification of atoms rather than molecular properties (e.g., quantitation by LC/UV, GC, etc.). Since the signals in an NMR spectrum are different nuclear spin-systems dispersed precisely in a magnetic environment, with the intensity being directly proportional to the amount of a particular type of nuclear spin, this technique delivers unparalleled information about the chemical structure and the absolute content.
Effect of clonal testing on the efficiency of genomic evaluation in forest tree breeding
Authors: Stejskal J. , Klápště J. , Čepl J. , El-Kassaby Y. A. , Lstibůrek M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThrough stochastic simulations, accuracies of breeding values and response to selection were assessed under traditional pedigree-(BLUP) and genomic-based evaluation methods (GBLUP) in forest tree breeding. The latter provides a methodological foundation for genomic selection. We evaluated the impact of clonal replication in progeny testing on the response to selection realized in seed orchards under variable marker density and target effective population sizes. We found that clonal replication in progeny trials boosted selection accuracy, thus providing additional genetic gains under BLUP. While a similar trend was observed for GBLUP, however, the added gains did not surpass those under BLUP. Therefore, breeding programs deploying extensive progeny testing with clonal propagation might not benefit from the deployment of genomic information. These findings could be helpful in the context of operational breeding programs.
Validity and risk of adopting PGA ≤ 2 as a remission criteria of Boolean in clinical practice in patient with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Yoshii Ichiro , Chijiwa Tatsumi , Sawada Naoya 
Published: February 2022

AbstractValidity and risk of setting patient’s global assessment (PGA) ≤ 2 as a Boolean remission criteria substituting PGA ≤ 1 in treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was investigated. Patients were recruited from an area cohort, of whom attained Boolean remission (Boolean-1) or near remission with PGA ≤ 2 and the rest components were ≤ 1 (Boolean-2). Simplified disease activity index (SDAI) score was compared according to the criteria variations. A total of 517 patients were studied. Mean SDAI score of patients with Boolean-1 was significantly lower than that of patients with Boolean-2 at acquisition. The trend was evident in the patients who attained Boolean-1 remission. Mean SDAI score at acquisition, 6 months after, and 1 year after of patients who attained Boolean-2 first and then Boolean-1, was significantly inferior to that of patients who attained the remissions at the same time. The mean SDAI score at month 6 in the Boolean-2 was not SDAI remission at all. We concluded that setting PGA ≤ 2 as a remission criteria may not have statistical difference in disease activity from PGA ≤ 1, however, there was an determinant risk to misread that includes patient who losses clinical remission after acquisition.
Smooth velocity fields for tracking climate change
Authors: Gaponenko Iaroslav , Rohat Guillaume , Goyette Stéphane , Paruch Patrycja , Kasparian Jérôme 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDescribing the spatial velocity of climate change is essential to assessing the challenge of natural and human systems to follow its pace by adapting or migrating sufficiently fast. We propose a fully-determined approach, “MATCH”, to calculate a realistic and continuous velocity field of any climate parameter, without the need for ad hoc assumptions. We apply this approach to the displacement of isotherms predicted by global and regional climate models between 1950 and 2100 under the IPCC-AR5 RCP 8.5 emission scenario, and show that it provides detailed velocity patterns especially at the regional scale. This method thus favors comparisons between models as well as the analysis of regional or local features. Furthermore, the trajectories obtained using the MATCH approach are less sensitive to inter-annual fluctuations and therefore allow us to introduce a trajectory regularity index, offering a quantitative perspective on the discussion of climate sinks and sources.
A durable half-metallic diatomic catalyst for efficient oxygen reduction
Authors: Li Hongguan , Di Shuanlong , Niu Ping , Wang Shulan , Wang Jing , Li Li 
Published: February 2022

By elaborately constructing a Fe–Zn based diatomic catalyst, the active center is changed from FeN4–ZnN4 to FeN4–Zn–N2 after protonation, leading to the well-maintained FeN4 structure and thus high stability of ORR.
Interrupting Ableism in Stuttering Therapy and Research: Practical Suggestions
Authors: Gerlach-Houck Hope , Constantino Christopher D. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
The purposes of this tutorial are (a) to critically review the ways in which stuttering therapy and research are both constrained by and resistant to ableism and (b) to offer practical suggestions for further interrupting stuttering-related ableism in the discipline of speech-language pathology.

Method:
At the beginning of the tutorial, the concept of ableism is introduced and the effects of ableism on people who stutter are discussed. Following an overview of the discipline's current strengths in resisting ableism associated with stuttering, five practical suggestions for further interrupting ableism are provided. To illustrate how these suggestions might be enacted, real and hypothetical clinical and research scenarios are presented throughout. Although this tutorial draws heavily on the experiences of adults who stutter, many of the concepts are also relevant to kids and teens who stutter.

Conclusion:
Speech-language pathologists can be change agents in interrupting ableism associated with stuttering and powerful allies to people who stutter.
Short‐circuit current constrained unit commitment and transmission switching model for improving renewable integration: An MILP formulation
Authors: Zhang Xi , Liu Youbo , Zhao Junbo , Liu Junyong , Korkali Mert , Chen Xiao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe increased penetration of large‐scale renewable energy resources results in the significant reduction of the system short‐circuit current (SCC) level, challenging current protection systems. In real‐time operation, several conventional synchronous generators are committed to maintaining the SCC level at a range that can be identified by the protection system. This limits the hosting capacity of renewable energy integration. This paper investigates the impacts of transmission switching (TS) and unit commitment (UC) on SCC magnitude and derives several linear expressions of SCC constraints for optimal control to restrain the SCC level to the desired range. Besides, an error compensation algorithm is developed to mitigate the linearization error. Numerical results carried out on the standard IEEE test systems show that the proposed method can effectively confine the SCC magnitude to the desired range while increasing the penetration of renewable energy. Comparison results with other methods highlight that the proposed method can achieve a higher level of renewable energy integration without violating SCC constraints.
Thorough characterisation of the 16 Cygni system
Authors: Buldgen G. , Farnir M. , Eggenberger P. , Bétrisey J. , Pezzotti C. , Pinçon C. , Deal M. , Salmon S. J. A. J. 
Published: February 2022

Context. The advent of space-based photometry observations provided high-quality asteroseismic data for a large number of stars. These observations enabled the adaptation of advanced analyses techniques, until then restricted to the field of helioseismology, to study the best asteroseismic targets. Amongst these, the 16Cyg binary system holds a special place, as they are the brightest solar twins observed by the Kepler mission. For this specific system, modellers have access to high-quality asteroseismic, spectroscopic and interferometric data, making it the perfect testbed for the limitations of stellar models.
Aims. We aim to further constrain the internal structure and fundamental parameters of 16CygA&B using linear seismic inversion techniques of both global indicators and localised corrections of the hydrostatic structure.
Methods. We start from the models defined by detailed asteroseismic modelling in our previous paper and extend our analysis by applying variational inversions to our evolutionary models. We carried out inversions of so-called seismic indicators and attempted to provide local corrections of the internal structure of the two stars.
Results. Our results indicate that linear seismic inversions alone are not able to discriminate between standard and non-standard models for 16CygA&B. We confirm the results of our previous studies that used linear inversion techniques, but consider that the observed differences could be linked to small fundamental parameters variations rather than to a missing process in the models.
Conclusions. We confirm the robustness and reliability of the results of the modelling we performed in our previous paper. We conclude that non-linear inversions are likely required to further investigate the properties of 16CygA&B from a seismic point of view, but that these inversions have to be coupled to analyses of the depletion of light elements such as lithium and beryllium to constrain the macroscopic transport of chemicals in these stars and also to constrain potential non-standard evolutionary paths.
Spectroscopic observation of a transition region network jet
Authors: Gorman J. , Chitta L. P. , Peter H. 
Published: February 2022

Aims.Ubiquitous transition region (TR) network jets are considered to be substantial sources of mass and energy to the corona and solar wind. We conduct a case study of a network jet to better understand the nature of mass flows along its length and the energetics involved in its launch.Methods.We present an observation of a jet with the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS), while also using data from the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) to provide further context. The jet was located within a coronal hole close to the disk center.Results.We find that a blueshifted secondary component of TR emission is associated with the jet and is persistent along its spire. This component exhibits upward speeds of approximately 20–70 km s−1and shows enhanced line broadening. However, plasma associated with the jet in the upper chromosphere shows downflows of 5–10 km s−1. Finally, the jet emanates from a seemingly unipolar magnetic footpoint.Conclusions.While a definitive magnetic driver is not discernible for this event, we infer that the energy driving the network jet is deposited at the top of the chromosphere, indicating that TR network jets are driven from the mid-atmospheric layers of the Sun. The energy flux associated with the line broadening indicates that the jet could be powered all the way into the solar wind.
NaOH ist nicht NaCl – ulzeröse Reaktion auf Natronlauge bei der Epikutantestung der Inhaltsstoffe einer Sonnenschutzcreme
Authors: Scherer Hofmeier Kathrin , Bircher Andreas J. 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungBei der Epikutantestung mit patienteneigenem Material oder Einzelsubstanzen von komplexen Zubereitungen sind die Auswahl der Testsubstanzen und die Bedingungen, zu denen diese Substanzen getestet werden, von besonderer Wichtigkeit. Wir berichten über eine Patientin, bei der eine allergische Kontaktdermatitis nach Applikation einer Sonnencreme entstanden war. Im Rahmen der diagnostischen Epikutanteste wurden auch die einzelnen Inhaltstoffe der Sonnencreme, die vom Hersteller zur Verfügung gestellt worden waren, getestet. Dabei kam es zu einem folgenschweren Fehler, indem diese Inhaltsstoffe ohne ausreichende Überprüfung getestet wurden und u. a. Natronlauge appliziert wurde. Die entstandene Kolliquationsnekrose am Testort heilte erst innerhalb von ca. 2,5 Monaten spontan ab und gab Anlass für einen Haftpflichtfall. Die Aufarbeitung dieser Fehlleistung und die Konsequenzen, die in unserer Abteilung getroffen wurden, um dergleichen Probleme in Zukunft sicher vermeiden zu können, werden besprochen.
Teledermatologie: Fluch oder Segen?
Authors: Nikolakis Georgios , Baroud Sumer , Georgopoulos Ioannis , Appel Lena , Zouboulis Christos C. 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungTeledermatologische Dienste haben sich insbesondere während der COVID-19-Pandemie als Alternative zu „Echt“visiten verbreitet. Der Mangel an Dermatologen und die Möglichkeit einer präzisen Diagnose auch bei unterversorgten Regionen macht diese Alternative für alle Beteiligten besonders attraktiv. Trotzdem ist der Bedarf an Schulungen des Personals und der Anwender hoch. Ebenfalls können Implementierungs-, Instandhaltungs- und Wartungskosten der notwendigen Ausrüstung und die Heterogenität der unterschiedlichen Anbieter nachteilig für Patient und Arzt sein. In diesem Artikel werden wesentliche Vorteile und Nachteile der Teledermatologie zusammengefasst.
Intrastromale keratolimbale Epithelzysten: kongenital und postoperativ
Authors: Schoelles Kristina Joana , Auw-Hädrich Claudia , Maier Philip Christian , Reinhard Thomas 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungZwei ungewöhnliche Fälle von intrastromalen keratolimbalen Epithelzysten werden präsentiert: Im 1. Fall handelt es sich um eine progredient wachsende kongenitale Zyste eines 9-jährigen
Jungen, im 2. Fall um eine rezidivierende postoperative Zyste einer 18-jährigen Patientin. Beide Patienten zeigten eine limbale Zyste, die sich als weißliche Masse in das Hornhautstroma
fortsetzte und bis zur optischen Achse reichte. Die Indikation zur Operation war im 1. Fall die Stabilisierung der Sehschärfe und im 2. Fall die Verbesserung des kosmetischen Aspekts. Im 1.
Fall wurde ein kleiner Teil der Zyste am Limbus eröffnet und das weißliche Material aus der Zyste herausgespült. Im 2. Fall wurde eine anteriore lamelläre Keratektomie über die gesamte Zyste
mit anschließender Mitomycin-C-Applikation durchgeführt. Die immunhistochemische Analyse zeigte in beiden Zysten Zytokeratin-19-positive Epithelzellen. Somit scheint eine Implantation von
Bindehautepithel in die Sklera für die Entstehung der jeweiligen keratolimbalen Zyste verantwortlich zu sein. Postoperativ wurden in beiden Fällen kosmetisch und funktionell
zufriedenstellende Ergebnisse erzielt mit einem Follow-up von 4 und 9 Monaten. Keratolimbale Zysten wurden in der Literatur bisher selten beschrieben. In den meisten Fällen handelt es sich
um eine konjunktivale Epithelimplantation nach einer Operation oder einem Trauma und nur sehr selten um eine angeborene Zyste. Nach einfacher Aspiration des Zysteninhalts wird oft ein
schnelles Rezidiv beobachtet, sodass eine teilweise oder möglichst vollständige Entfernung der vorderen Zystenwand empfohlen wird, wie in unseren Fällen erfolgt.
Synthetic Studies towards Pyrido[1,2-a]azepine Stemona Alkaloids
Authors: Morgenstern Martin , Mayer Camilla , Bach Thorsten , Pöthig Alexander 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe carbon skeleton of the Stemona alkaloids stemokerrin and cochinchistemonine was assembled from three building blocks (a piperidine, a furan, and a tetronate). Key steps linking the fragments included a Stille cross-coupling (piperidine/furan) and an aldol-type addition of a tetronate. The furan served as a latent 1,4-difunctional compound which was converted into a γ-ketolactone by a type II photooxygenation. Attempts to construct the C12–C13 double bond of stemokerrin by a late-stage oxidation or by an elimination remained unsuccessful. The non-natural products dihydrostemokerrin and furostemokerrin were obtained instead.
4b-Aryltetrahydroindeno[1,2-a]indenes by Acid-Catalyzed Trans­annular Cyclization of Benzannulated Cyclooctene Alcohols
Authors: Ploypradith Poonsakdi , Songthammawat Poramate , Phumjan Tanawat , Ruchirawat Somsak 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBy starting from two simple building blocks, benzannulated cyclooctenones were obtained in three steps. Subsequent Grignard/aryl lithium addition to the ketone yielded the corresponding tertiary alcohols that underwent stereoselective acid-catalyzed transannular cyclization to provide a cis-fused 5/5 bicyclic indanylindane framework exclusively. Subsequent stereoselective nucleophilic addition to the indanyl cation by hydride, water, or electron-rich aromatics furnished the 4b-aryltetrahydroindano[1,2-a]indenes in good to excellent yields (up to 92%) in the trans-C9–C9a form in up to a >99:1 diastereomeric ratio.
Coinheritance of HbO Arab/β0-thalassemia with Severe Manifestation in Newborn
Authors: Kalai Miniar , Moumni Imen , Ouragini Houyem , Chaouechi Dorra , Boudriga Imen , Menif Samia 
Published: February 2022

Objective In this study, we report a Tunisian newborn boy referred for neonatal hemolytic anemia with yellowish skin and enlarged spleen due to coinheritance of hemoglobin O (HbO) Arab and β-thalassemia.
Study Design Hematological parameters were collected using an automated blood cell counter. The amounts of Hb fractions were measured by capillary electrophoresis of Hb. Amplification and sequencing of the HBB gene were performed by Sanger's method.
Results Family study and genetic analysis revealed that the proband was a carrier of two hemoglobinopathies: HbO Arab and β0-thalassemia.
Conclusion The coexistence of these two pathologies complicated the general state of the newborn boy and led to a severe anemia at birth.
Key Points
A β-NMR study of the depth, temperature, and molecular-weight dependence of secondary dynamics in polystyrene: Entropy–enthalpy compensation and dynamic gradients near the free surface
Authors: McKenzie Iain , Fujimoto Derek , Karner Victoria L. , Li Ruohong , MacFarlane W. Andrew , McFadden Ryan M. L. , Morris Gerald D. , Pearson Matthew R. , Raegen Adam N. , Stachura Monika , Ticknor John O. , Forrest James A. 
Published: February 2022

We investigated the depth, temperature, and molecular-weight (MW) dependence of the γ-relaxation in polystyrene glasses using implanted 8Li+ and β-detected nuclear magnetic resonance. Measurements were performed on thin films with MW ranging from 1.1 to 641 kg/mol. The temperature dependence of the average 8Li spin–lattice relaxation time (T1avg) was measured near the free surface and in the bulk. Spin–lattice relaxation is caused by phenyl ring flips, which involve transitions between local minima over free-energy barriers with enthalpic and entropic contributions. We used transition state theory to model the temperature dependence of the γ-relaxation, and hence T1avg. There is no clear correlation of the average entropy of activation (Δ‡S̄) and enthalpy of activation (Δ‡H̄) with MW, but there is a clear correlation between Δ‡S̄ and Δ‡H̄, i.e., entropy–enthalpy compensation. This results in the average Gibbs energy of activation, Δ‡Ḡ, being approximately independent of MW. Measurements of the temperature dependence of T1avg as a function of depth below the free surface indicate the inherent entropic barrier, i.e., the entropy of activation corresponding to Δ‡H̄ = 0, has an exponential dependence on the distance from the free surface before reaching the bulk value. This results in Δ‡Ḡ near the free surface being lower than the bulk. Combining these observations results in a model where the average fluctuation rate of the γ-relaxation has a “double-exponential” depth dependence. This model can explain the depth dependence of 1/T1avg in polystyrene films. The characteristic length of enhanced dynamics is ∼6 nm and approximately independent of MW near room temperature.
Cassava wastewater can be safely used in the diet of feedlot lambs
Authors: Silva Paula A. , Pires Aureliano J. V. , Pina Douglas dos S. , Silva Robério R. , Santos Stefanie A. , Rodrigues Carlindo S. , Matos Luís H. A. , Eiras Carlos E. , Eiras Daiane Novais , Pereira Taiala C. de J. , de Carvalho Gleidson G. P. 
Published: February 2022

Cassava wastewater is a potential environmental pollutant, which can become a serious issue when improperly disposed into water bodies due to the toxic effects of cyanogenic glycoside. However, the presence of organic nutrients (starch and soluble sugars, mainly) supports the possibility of using this by-product in animal feeding. This study was conducted to examine the intake, apparent digestibility, performance, and carcass characteristics of feedlot lambs fed diets with increasing concentrations of cassava wastewater. The experiment involved 35 uncastrated Santa Inês crossbred lambs at approximately 3 months old, with an average bodyweight of 20 kg (standard deviation ± 3.4 kg). Diets were formulated with hay of cassava shoots (roughage), a maize- and soybean-based concentrate (50:50 roughage-to-concentrate ratio), and cassava wastewater at 0, 12, 24, 36 or 48 g kg−1 of the total diet (as-fed basis). Dietary inclusion of cassava wastewater led to a linear decrease (P < 0.05) in the intakes of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre, non-fibrous carbohydrates, and total digestible nutrients. Ether extract intake was not significantly (P > 0.05) influenced by cassava wastewater inclusion in the diets. There was no influence of cassava wastewater on the apparent digestibility of the nutritional components or on any parameter related to animal performance or carcass characteristics. Depending on the quantity, the use of cassava wastewater does not affect the feedlot performance of lambs. Cassava wastewater can be included in feedlot finishing diets at a level of up to 48 g kg−1 (as-fed basis).