bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adherence to COVID-19 preventive practice and associated factors among pregnant women in Gondar city, northwest Ethiopia, 2021: Community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Temesgan Wubedle Zelalem , Aklil Mastewal Belayneh , Yacob Henok Solomon , Mekonnen Esubalew Tsega , Tegegne Elias Derso , Tesfa Esubalew Binega , Melese Eshetie Melkie , Seyoum Tewodros 
Published: March 2022

Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes more than five million deaths worldwide. Pregnant women are at high risk for infection due to the physiologic change in the immune and cardiopulmonary system and also it increases the risk of severe disease, intensive care unit admission, and receive mechanical ventilation when compared with non-pregnant women. It is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. So pregnant women need to have adhered to preventive measures to prevent COVID-19 related consequences. Therefore, this study aimed to assess adherence toCOVID-19 preventive practice and associated factors among pregnant women in Gondar city, northwest Ethiopia.

Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July 1st to 30th, 2021, in Gondar city. A cluster sampling technique was employed to select 678 pregnant women. Data were collected using a pre-tested, face-to-face interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were entered into EPI DATA version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was fitted to identify associated factors. Adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to report the association between covariates and the outcome variable.

Results
The prevalence of good adherence to COVID-19 preventive practice was 44.8% (95% CI: 41.3, 48.7). Maternal age (≤24 years) [AOR = 2.89, 95% CI: 1.37, 6.10], maternal education (secondary school) [AOR = 2.95, 95% CI: 1.58, 5.53] and (college and above) [AOR = 4.57,95% CI: 2.42, 8.62], having ANC follow up [AOR = 2.95, 95% CI: 1.35, 6.46] and adequate knowledge towards COVID-19 [AOR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.20, 2.41] were significantly associated with good adherence to COVID-19 preventive practice.

Conclusion
In this study, adherence towards COVID-19 preventive practice in pregnant women is low. Hence, it is important to strengthen women’s awareness about COVID-19 through different media and health education. In addition, empowering women to attain ANC and special consideration should be given to women who had no formal education.
Erythrocyte sodium buffering capacity status correlates with self-reported salt intake in a population from Livingstone, Zambia
Authors: Masenga Sepiso K. , Pilic Leta , Malumani Malani , Hamooya Benson M. 
Published: March 2022

Background
Salt impairs endothelial function and increases arterial stiffness independent of blood pressure. The mechanisms are unknown. Recent evidence suggests that there is a possible link between salt consumption and sodium buffering capacity and cardiovascular disease but there is limited evidence in the populations living in Sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of our study was to explore the relationship between erythrocyte sodium buffering capacity and sociodemographic, clinical factors, and self-reported salt consumption at Livingstone Central Hospital.

Methods
We conducted a cross sectional study at Livingstone Central hospital among 242 volunteers accessing routine medical checkups. Sociodemographic and dietary characteristics were obtained along with clinical measurements to evaluate their health status. Sodium buffering capacity was estimated by erythrocyte sodium sensitivity (ESS) test. We used descriptive and inferential statistics to describe and examine associations between erythrocyte sodium sensitivity and independent variables.

Results
The median age (interquartile range) of the study sample was 27 (22, 42) years. 54% (n = 202) and 46% (n = 169) were males and females, respectively. The majority (n = 150, 62%) had an ESS of >120%. High salt intake correlated positively with ESS or negatively with vascular sodium buffering capacity.

Conclusions
Self-reported high salt intake was associated with poor vascular sodium buffering capacity or high ESS in the majority of middle-aged Zambians living in Livingstone. The poor vascular sodium buffering capacity implies a damaged vascular glycocalyx which may potentially lead to a leakage of sodium into the interstitium. This alone is a risk factor for the future development of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. However, future studies need to validate vascular function status when using ESS testing by including established vascular function assessments to determine its pathophysiological and clinical implications.
Sobolev spaces on p.c.f. self-similar sets II: Boundary behavior and interpolation theorems
Authors: Cao Shiping , Qiu Hua 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We study the Sobolev spaces

H
σ

⁢

(
K
)

{H^{\sigma}(K)}

and

H
0
σ

⁢

(
K
)

{H^{\sigma}_{0}(K)}

on p.c.f. self-similar sets.
First, for

σ
∈

ℝ
+

{\sigma\in\mathbb{R}^{+}}

, we make an exact description of the tangents of functions in

H
σ

⁢

(
K
)

{H^{\sigma}(K)}

at the boundary, and introduce a countable set of critical orders that arises naturally in the boundary behavior of functions. These critical orders are just

1
2

+

ℤ
+

{\frac{1}{2}+\mathbb{Z}_{+}}

in the Euclidean case, but become complicated on fractals. Second, we characterize

H
0
σ

⁢

(
K
)

{H_{0}^{\sigma}(K)}

as the space of functions in

H
σ

⁢

(
K
)

{H^{\sigma}(K)}

with tangents of appropriate order, that depend on σ and critical orders, being 0. Last, we extend

H
σ

⁢

(
K
)

{H^{\sigma}(K)}

to

σ
∈
ℝ

{\sigma\in\mathbb{R}}

, and obtain various interpolation theorems with

σ
∈

ℝ
+

{\sigma\in\mathbb{R}^{+}}

or

σ
∈
ℝ

{\sigma\in\mathbb{R}}

. The interpolation space presents a critical phenomenon when the resulted order

σ
θ

{\sigma_{\theta}}

is critical. Moreover, for the interpolation couple

(

H
0
σ

⁢

(
K
)

,

H
0

σ
′

⁢

(
K
)

)

{(H^{\sigma}_{0}(K),H^{\sigma^{\prime}}_{0}(K))}

, more than the classical theorem, our interpolation theorem fully covers the teratological case that

{
σ
,

σ
′

}

{\{\sigma,\sigma^{\prime}\}}

contains at least one critical order.
Theoretical Analysis of Tubular Film Extrusion and its Applications for HMW-HDPE
Authors: Kanai Toshitaka 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Theoretical analysis of the tubular film extrusion using computer simulation presented has been used to preduct bubble shapes, velocity profiles and stretching stresses. From the theoretical analysis, maximum stretching stresses, which are closely related to film physical properties, were predicted under various process conditions.
This theoretical analysis was applied to high molecular weight HDPE tubular film process. It was found that high strength HDPE film can be produced by maintaining high stretching stress, which is obtained on the conditions of high out-put rate, high take-up speed and low temperature by reducing the heat generated by viscous dissipation.
Further, the processability of HDPE film produced using bubble stabilizing equipment was discussed.
Rheological Behavior of HEUR Mixtures in Aqueous Media
Authors: Barmar M. , Kaffashi B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three S-G HEUR thickeners were synthesized by a step growth polymerization technique of poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) and dicyclohexylmethane – 4,40-diisocyanate (H12MDI) and then end capped with two monofunctional aliphatic alcohols. These polymers were mixed together according to the hydrophilic and hydrophobic nature of their segments. Based on this, two sets of associating polymers were introduced. In one set, the samples had identical hydrophobic segments while in the other one, hydrophilic segments were similar. The steady shear viscosity profiles of aqueous solutions of all models were determined. In addition, aqueous binary mixtures with various ratios of the S-G HEUR models were studied using steady state and dynamic rheometry. It is suggested that combinations of associating polymers with different size of hydrophobic segments and similar hydrophilic segments produce an associative polymer-like behavior. However, the combination of those with similar long hydrophobic segments and different hydrophilic segments at similar weight ratio in solution falls short of displaying an associative polymer – like behavior.
Prenatal dexamethasone treatment for classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency in Europe
Authors: Nowotny Hanna , Neumann Uta , Tardy-Guidollet Véronique , Ahmed S Faisal , Baronio Federico , Battelino Tadej , Bertherat Jérôme , Blankenstein Oliver , Bonomi Marco , Bouvattier Claire , Brac de la Perrière Aude , Brucker Sara , Cappa Marco , Chanson Philippe , Claahsen-van der Grinten Hedi L , Colao Annamaria , Cools Martine , Davies Justin H , Dörr Helmut-Günther , Fenske Wiebke K , Ghigo Ezio , Giordano Roberta , Gravholt Claus H , Huebner Angela , Husebye Eystein Sverre , Igbokwe Rebecca , Juul Anders , Kiefer Florian W , Léger Juliane , Menassa Rita , Meyer Gesine , Neocleous Vassos , Phylactou Leonidas A , Rohayem Julia , Russo Gianni , Scaroni Carla , Touraine Philippe , Unger Nicole , Vojtková Jarmila , Yeste Diego , Lajic Svetlana , Reisch Nicole 
Published: March 2022

Objective
To assess the current medical practice in Europe regarding prenatal dexamethasone (Pdex) treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency.

Design and methods
A questionnaire was designed and distributed, including 17 questions collecting quantitative and qualitative data. Thirty-six medical centres from 14 European countries responded and 30 out of 36 centres were reference centres of the European Reference Network on Rare Endocrine Conditions, EndoERN.

Results
Pdex treatment is currently provided by 36% of the surveyed centres. The treatment is initiated by different specialties, that is paediatricians, endocrinologists, gynaecologists or geneticists. Regarding the starting point of Pdex, 23% stated to initiate therapy at 4–5 weeks postconception (wpc), 31% at 6 wpc and 46 % as early as pregnancy is confirmed and before 7 wpc at the latest. A dose of 20 µg/kg/day is used. Dose distribution among the centres varies from once to thrice daily. Prenatal diagnostics for treated cases are conducted in 72% of the responding centres. Cases treated per country and year vary between 0.5 and 8.25. Registries for long-term follow-up are only available at 46% of the centres that are using Pdex treatment. National registries are only available in Sweden and France.

Conclusions
This study reveals a high international variability and discrepancy in the use of Pdex treatment across Europe. It highlights the importance of a European cooperation initiative for a joint international prospective trial to establish evidence-based guidelines on prenatal diagnostics, treatment and follow-up of pregnancies at risk for CAH.
Biallelic POC1A variants cause syndromic severe insulin resistance with muscle cramps
Authors: Mericq Veronica , Huang-Doran Isabel , Al-Naqeb Dhekra , Basaure Javiera , Castiglioni Claudia , de Bruin Christiaan , Hendriks Yvonne , Bertini Enrico , Alkuraya Fowzan S , Losekoot Monique , Al-Rubeaan Khalid , Semple Robert K , Wit Jan M 
Published: March 2022

Objective
To describe clinical, laboratory, and genetic characteristics of three unrelated cases from Chile, Portugal, and Saudi Arabia with severe insulin resistance, SOFT syndrome, and biallelic pathogenic POC1A variants.

Design
Observational study.

Methods
Probands’ phenotypes, including short stature, dysmorphism, and insulin resistance, were compared with previous reports.

Results
Cases 1 (female) and 3 (male) were homozygous for known pathogenic POC1A variants: c.649C>T, p.(Arg217Trp) and c.241C>T, p.(Arg81*), respectively. Case 2 (male) was compound heterozygous for p.(Arg217Trp) variant and the rare missense variant c.370G>A, p.(Asp124Asn). All three cases exhibited severe insulin resistance, acanthosis nigricans, elevated serum triglycerides and decreased HDL, and fatty liver, resembling three previously reported cases. All three also reported severe muscle cramps. Aggregate analysis of the six known cases with biallelic POC1A variants and insulin resistance showed decreased birth weight and length mean (s.d.): −2.8 (0.9) and −3.7 (0.9) SDS, respectively), severe short stature mean (s.d.) height: −4.9 (1.7) SDS) and moderate microcephaly (mean occipitofrontal circumference −3.0 (range: −4.7 to −1.2)). These findings were similar to those reported for patients with SOFT syndrome without insulin resistance. Muscle biopsy in Case 3 showed features of muscle involvement secondary to a neuropathic process.

Conclusions
Patients with SOFT syndrome can develop severe dyslipidaemic insulin resistance, independent of the exonic position of the POC1A variant. They also can develop severe muscle cramps. After diagnosis, patients should be regularly screened for insulin resistance and muscle complaints.
Improving Pneumococcal Vaccination Rates in High-risk Children in Specialty Clinics
Authors: Harris Julia G. , Harris Luke A. , Olarte Liset , Elson E. Claire , Moran Rachel , Blowey Douglas L. , El Feghaly Rana E. 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Pediatric patients with immunocompromising or certain chronic medical conditions have an increased risk of acquiring invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) is recommended for patients ≥2 years at high risk for IPDs. The aim of this project was to improve PPSV23 vaccination rates for children at high risk for IPD who were seen in 3 specialty clinics from ∼20% to 50% over a 12-month period.

METHODS
The project team included quality improvement champions from the divisions of rheumatology, infectious diseases, and pulmonology in addition to leaders from our population health management subsidiary. Several initiatives were implemented, starting with review of patient inclusion criteria per the vaccination recommendations, that led to the design and deployment of an automated weekly previsit planning report. Additionally, we implemented a process to stock pneumococcal vaccines and shared best practices among the divisions. We monitored improvement through times series and run charts of PPSV23 vaccination rates.

RESULTS
The initial PPSV23 vaccination rate for applicable high-risk patients was ∼20%. There was an increase in vaccination rate to ∼60%. All 3 divisions showed improvements in their individual PPSV23 vaccination rates.

CONCLUSIONS
Using quality improvement methodology, we increased PPSV23 vaccination rates in 3 pediatric specialty clinics, and this improvement was sustained. We will continue to identify best practices and actively recruit additional divisions because we have the opportunity to reach &gt;9000 high-risk patients.
Resistance Through Language Appropriation to Create a Reality for Oneself in the Postcolonial Nigeria
Authors: Brown Magdelene H. , S. Patchainayagi 
Published: March 2022

the paper explores the reasons behind appropriating the English Language to carry the native's experiences and the strategies deployed by the authors of Nigeria to reconstruct Africa's taunted imageries and cultures through their use of language. This article also examines the pattern that has been documented in Nigeria and re-evaluates some of the identified resistant strains that authors consciously or unconsciously integrate to ensure that their works are authentic. Author/Character/community or a nation is built through an indigenous choice of vocabularies that reflect the meanings of native society. Creative authors, especially with the postcolonial attitude, employ narrative strategies by using indigenous phrases and other signifiers to deviate from the standard variety to foreground the indigenized realities of the marginalized. Appropriations in the English Language help the colonized reconstruct their culture and history's lost and hidden truths. These strategies give the text an authentic identity representing the bare realities of the indigenous community. The indigenized medium of expression is also considered a form of resistance towards Eurocentric linguistic hegemony. The colonized writers articulate their native ideologies and beliefs without depending on the medium of a foreigner. The collection of criticisms in this paper will enable the upcoming writers to know and discover the elegance and inestimable elements in their native Nigerian literature than foreign literature with an alien culture that is hardly incomprehensive. The work also confirms the mimetic nature of Language and its interdependence with society.
Peranan Penting Sejarah Lokal sebagai Objek Pembelajaran untuk Membangun Kesadaran Sejarah Siswa
Authors: Syahputra Muhammad Afrillyan Dwi , Sariyatun Sariyatun , Ardianto Deny Tri 
Published: March 2022

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peranan penting sejarah lokal sebagai objek pembelajaran sejarah untuk membangun kesadaran sejarah yang rumusan masalahnya meliputi : (1) Bagaimana sejarah lokal dapat menjadi objek pembelajaran sejarah? (2) Bagaimana sejarah lokal dapat membentuk kesadaran sejarah? Untuk menjawab permasalahan di atas, penulis menggunakan metode studi literatur dengan mengumpulkan beberapa artikel dari hasil penelitian yang sesuai dengan tema kajian penelitian serta sumber-sumber tertulis lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sejarah lokal sangat beperan penting sebagai pembentuk kesadaran sejarah terutama di era digital. Sejarah lokal disuatu daerah dapat diimplementasikan pada pembelajaran sejarah di sekolah maupun di perguruan tinggi. Pemanfaatan sejarah lokal ini di anggap efektif membentuk kesadaran sejarah peserta didik dan bahkan masyarakat karena sejarah lokal merupakan media atau sarana sebagai pembentuk identitas bangsa melalui kesadaran sejarah, serta sebagai acuan tepat bagi tenaga pendidik untuk memperkenalkan peserta didik tentang sejarah lokal yang ada di lingkungan sekitar mereka dengan menyajikan peninggalan-peninggalan sejarah sebagai wujud budaya. Dengan memanfaatkan peninggalan sejarah disekitar kita dapat lebih menumbuhkan kesadaran sejarah yang berujung kepada timbulnya rasa cinta tanah air serta mengokohkan identitas Indonesia sebagai bangsa yang besar dan bangsa yang tidak akan pernah melupakan sejarahnya.
Comparing Effects of Two Different Explicit–Reflective Instructions on Pre-School Prospective Teachers’ View about Nature of Science and Scientific Knowledge
Authors: Metin Mustafa 
Published: March 2022

This study aims to compare the effect of formative assessment with explicit-reflective instruction and explicit-reflective on pre-school prospective teachers' views about the nature of science and scientific knowledge. In this study, it was used a pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design and the sample of the study consists of 66 pre-school prospective teachers in the 2nd grade. There are 33 of them were assigned control group and the others were assigned as the experimental group. Since the students could not be randomly grouped in the study, a quasi-experimental design was used. In this study, the nature of science scale (NOSS) and the attitude scale towards scientific knowledge (SKS) were used as pre-test, post-test and retention test. In order to teach the students by using nature of science (NOS) and scientific knowledge (SK), open-reflective instruction was used in the control group, and open-reflective instruction and embedded formative assessment were applied in the experimental group. NOSS and SKS were used as a pre-test, post-test and retention-test in this study. In order to teach the students NOSS and SK, while Explicit-reflective instruction was applied in the control group, formative assessment embedded with Explicit-reflective instruction was applied experimental group.As a result of the study, it was determined that the formative assessment embedded with Explicit-reflective instruction was more positively and permanently changed on pre-school prospective teachers' view about NOS and SK than the other method
The scientific and technological revolution and the formation of ecological thinking among doctors
Authors: Chikin S. Ya. 
Published: March 2022

The scientific and technological revolution and social progress have led to the development of productive forces in many countries, including our own, but at the same time have had consequences that have had a deleterious effect on nature and all living things.
According to WHO, improving the environment is a task that is beyond the capacity and power of health authorities. Such a conclusion is quite logical. Many bodies should be involved in this problem, and the goal is that they should effectively make a difference in improving human health while using the resources at their disposal.
New methodological approaches to surgical treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers
Authors: Kuznetsov V. A. , Elyashevich B. L. , Ageev A. F. , Fedorov I. V. 
Published: March 2022

We analyzed the experience of surgical treatment of 2000 patients with peptic ulcer since 1965. The main result of the study can be reduced to two main statements:
1) the problem of surgical treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers cannot be solved by a single unified surgical technique;
2) further progress in surgical treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers should be expected in the way of objectification of indications for early surgery, intensification of preoperative preparation, improvement of methodical approaches to surgical interventions and their technical solution.
Digestive function of the stomach in diphyllobothriosis
Authors: Kozlova I. V. 
Published: March 2022

Diphyllobothriosis is a chronic intestinal helminthiasis in which all parts of the gastrointestinal tract are involved in the pathological process. Experimental diphyllobotriose observed violation of digestion of food substances in the small intestine, in clinical studies - disorders of absorption.
The works of several researchers found that acid formation and motility of the stomach, the absorptive function of the small intestine are not restored immediately after deworming. This requires a period longer than the two-month observation accepted in polyclinics. An important task is to determine the optimal timing of the follow-up.
Mobility of large joints of the lower extremities and the spine in patients with lumbar osteochondrosis
Authors: Vasilevskaya O. V. 
Published: March 2022

In degenerative, traumatic and orthopedic diseases of the joints and spine, their motor function suffers above all. The amplitude of active and passive movements in the joints and spine, in addition to other clinical parameters, must be taken into account when formulating a treatment plan. A special protractor is still used for this purpose, but the accuracy of measurement by this method is extremely low (error of 5-6).
We determined mobility of large joints of lower limbs and spine in patients with various syndromes of lumbar osteochondrosis using a domestic UB-XL4 angle gauge. This device is used to measure surface deviations from the vertical and horizontal.
Swimming pool and sauna in comprehensive spa treatment of hypertensive patients
Authors: Pimenov L. T. , Sviridova L. K. , Shinkareva I. A. , Kalinnikova Z. A. , Veselkova E. V. , Sviridova L. M. 
Published: March 2022

The problem of non-pharmacological treatment of arterial hypertension is receiving more and more attention, but many of its aspects and, moreover, specific recommendations for targeted prescription of certain therapeutic agents remain poorly studied. Sauna and balneo-procedures play a certain role among different variants of nonmedicamental treatment. The positive influence of sauna on the state of central hemodynamics in arterial hypertension is marked by a number of authors, but only single reports contain references (without detailed factual data) about the positive effect of simultaneous use of the swimming pool and sauna.
The aim of the work was to study the influence of the courses of the swimming pool and sauna on the parameters of central hemodynamics in hypertensive patients in the recreation center of an industrial enterprise, that is without discontinuing daily labor activity.