bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered neural cell junctions and ion-channels leading to disrupted neuron communication in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Choudhury Saptamita Paul , Bano Sarika , Sen Srijon , Suchal Kapil , Kumar Saroj , Nikolajeff Fredrik , Dey Sanjay Kumar , Sharma Vaibhav 
Published: June 2022

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurological disorder that affects the movement of the human body. It is primarily characterized by reduced dopamine levels in the brain. The causative agent of PD is still unclear but it is generally accepted that α-synuclein has a central role to play. It is also known that gap-junctions and associated connexins are complicated structures that play critical roles in nervous system signaling and associated misfunctioning. Thus, our current article emphasizes how, alongside α-synuclein, ion-channels, gap-junctions, and related connexins, all play vital roles in influencing multiple metabolic activities of the brain during PD. It also highlights that ion-channel and gap-junction disruptions, which are primarily mediated by their structural-functional changes and alterations, have a role in PD. Furthermore, we discussed available drugs and advanced therapeutic interventions that target Parkinson’s pathogenesis. In conclusion, it warrants creating better treatments for PD patients. Although, dopaminergic replenishment therapy is useful in treating neurological problems, such therapies are, however, unable to control the degeneration that underpins the disease, thereby declining their overall efficacy. This creates an additional challenge and an untapped scope for neurologists to adopt treatments for PD by targeting the ion-channels and gap-junctions, which is well-reviewed in the present article.
Automatic language analysis identifies and predicts schizophrenia in first-episode of psychosis
Authors: Figueroa-Barra Alicia , Del Aguila Daniel , Cerda Mauricio , Gaspar Pablo A. , Terissi Lucas D. , Durán Manuel , Valderrama Camila 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAutomated language analysis of speech has been shown to distinguish healthy control (HC) vs chronic schizophrenia (SZ) groups, yet the predictive power on first-episode psychosis patients (FEP) and the generalization to non-English speakers remain unclear. We performed a cross-sectional and longitudinal (18 months) automated language analysis in 133 Spanish-speaking subjects from three groups: healthy control or HC (n = 49), FEP (n = 40), and chronic SZ (n = 44). Interviews were manually transcribed, and the analysis included 30 language features (4 verbal fluency; 20 verbal productivity; 6 semantic coherence). Our cross-sectional analysis showed that using the top ten ranked and decorrelated language features, an automated HC vs SZ classification achieved 85.9% accuracy. In our longitudinal analysis, 28 FEP patients were diagnosed with SZ at the end of the study. Here, combining demographics, PANSS, and language information, the prediction accuracy reached 77.5% mainly driven by semantic coherence information. Overall, we showed that language features from Spanish-speaking clinical interviews can distinguish HC vs chronic SZ, and predict SZ diagnosis in FEP patients.
Realizing the symmetry-protected Haldane phase in Fermi–Hubbard ladders
Authors: Sompet Pimonpan , Hirthe Sarah , Bourgund Dominik , Chalopin Thomas , Bibo Julian , Koepsell Joannis , Bojović Petar , Verresen Ruben , Pollmann Frank , Salomon Guillaume , Gross Christian , Hilker Timon A. , Bloch Immanuel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTopology in quantum many-body systems has profoundly changed our understanding of quantum phases of matter. The model that has played an instrumental role in elucidating these effects is the antiferromagnetic spin-1 Haldane chain1,2. Its ground state is a disordered state, with symmetry-protected fourfold-degenerate edge states due to fractional spin excitations. In the bulk, it is characterized by vanishing two-point spin correlations, gapped excitations and a characteristic non-local order parameter3,4. More recently it has been understood that the Haldane chain forms a specific example of a more general classification scheme of symmetry-protected topological phases of matter, which is based on ideas connected to quantum information and entanglement5–7. Here, we realize a finite-temperature version of such a topological Haldane phase with Fermi–Hubbard ladders in an ultracold-atom quantum simulator. We directly reveal both edge and bulk properties of the system through the use of single-site and particle-resolved measurements, as well as non-local correlation functions. Continuously changing the Hubbard interaction strength of the system enables us to investigate the robustness of the phase to charge (density) fluctuations far from the regime of the Heisenberg model, using a novel correlator.
Quantum computational advantage with a programmable photonic processor
Authors: Madsen Lars S. , Laudenbach Fabian , Askarani Mohsen Falamarzi. , Rortais Fabien , Vincent Trevor , Bulmer Jacob F. F. , Miatto Filippo M. , Neuhaus Leonhard , Helt Lukas G. , Collins Matthew J. , Lita Adriana E. , Gerrits Thomas , Nam Sae Woo , Vaidya Varun D. , Menotti Matteo , Dhand Ish , Vernon Zachary , Quesada Nicolás , Lavoie Jonathan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA quantum computer attains computational advantage when outperforming the best classical computers running the best-known algorithms on well-defined tasks. No photonic machine offering programmability over all its quantum gates has demonstrated quantum computational advantage: previous machines1,2 were largely restricted to static gate sequences. Earlier photonic demonstrations were also vulnerable to spoofing3, in which classical heuristics produce samples, without direct simulation, lying closer to the ideal distribution than do samples from the quantum hardware. Here we report quantum computational advantage using Borealis, a photonic processor offering dynamic programmability on all gates implemented. We carry out Gaussian boson sampling4 (GBS) on 216 squeezed modes entangled with three-dimensional connectivity5, using a time-multiplexed and photon-number-resolving architecture. On average, it would take more than 9,000 years for the best available algorithms and supercomputers to produce, using exact methods, a single sample from the programmed distribution, whereas Borealis requires only 36 μs. This runtime advantage is over 50 million times as extreme as that reported from earlier photonic machines. Ours constitutes a very large GBS experiment, registering events with up to 219 photons and a mean photon number of 125. This work is a critical milestone on the path to a practical quantum computer, validating key technological features of photonics as a platform for this goal.
Discovery of non-squalene triterpenes
Authors: Tao Hui , Lauterbach Lukas , Bian Guangkai , Chen Rong , Hou Anwei , Mori Takahiro , Cheng Shu , Hu Ben , Lu Li , Mu Xin , Li Min , Adachi Naruhiko , Kawasaki Masato , Moriya Toshio , Senda Toshiya , Wang Xinghuan , Deng Zixin , Abe Ikuro , Dickschat Jeroen S. , Liu Tiangang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAll known triterpenes are generated by triterpene synthases (TrTSs) from squalene or oxidosqualene1. This approach is fundamentally different from the biosynthesis of short-chain (C10–C25) terpenes that are formed from polyisoprenyl diphosphates2–4. In this study, two fungal chimeric class I TrTSs,Talaromyces verruculosustalaropentaene synthase (TvTS) andMacrophomina phaseolinamacrophomene synthase (MpMS), were characterized. Both enzymes use dimethylallyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate or hexaprenyl diphosphate as substrates, representing the first examples, to our knowledge, of non-squalene-dependent triterpene biosynthesis. The cyclization mechanisms of TvTS and MpMS and the absolute configurations of their products were investigated in isotopic labelling experiments. Structural analyses of the terpene cyclase domain of TvTS and full-length MpMS provide detailed insights into their catalytic mechanisms. An AlphaFold2-based screening platform was developed to mine a third TrTS,Colletotrichum gloeosporioidescolleterpenol synthase (CgCS). Our findings identify a new enzymatic mechanism for the biosynthesis of triterpenes and enhance understanding of terpene biosynthesis in nature.
The longitudinal dynamics and natural history of clonal haematopoiesis
Authors: Fabre Margarete A. , de Almeida José Guilherme , Fiorillo Edoardo , Mitchell Emily , Damaskou Aristi , Rak Justyna , Orrù Valeria , Marongiu Michele , Chapman Michael Spencer , Vijayabaskar M. S. , Baxter Joanna , Hardy Claire , Abascal Federico , Williams Nicholas , Nangalia Jyoti , Martincorena Iñigo , Campbell Peter J. , McKinney Eoin F. , Cucca Francesco , Gerstung Moritz , Vassiliou George S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractClonal expansions driven by somatic mutations become pervasive across human tissues with age, including in the haematopoietic system, where the phenomenon is termed clonal haematopoiesis1–4. The understanding of how and when clonal haematopoiesis develops, the factors that govern its behaviour, how it interacts with ageing and how these variables relate to malignant progression remains limited5,6. Here we track 697 clonal haematopoiesis clones from 385 individuals 55 years of age or older over a median of 13 years. We find that 92.4% of clones expanded at a stable exponential rate over the study period, with different mutations driving substantially different growth rates, ranging from 5% (DNMT3A and TP53) to more than 50% per year (SRSF2P95H). Growth rates of clones with the same mutation differed by approximately ±5% per year, proportionately affecting slow drivers more substantially. By combining our time-series data with phylogenetic analysis of 1,731 whole-genome sequences of haematopoietic colonies from 7 individuals from an older age group, we reveal distinct patterns of lifelong clonal behaviour. DNMT3A-mutant clones preferentially expanded early in life and displayed slower growth in old age, in the context of an increasingly competitive oligoclonal landscape. By contrast, splicing gene mutations drove expansion only later in life, whereas TET2-mutant clones emerged across all ages. Finally, we show that mutations driving faster clonal growth carry a higher risk of malignant progression. Our findings characterize the lifelong natural history of clonal haematopoiesis and give fundamental insights into the interactions between somatic mutation, ageing and clonal selection.
C﻿ommunicating doctors’ consensus persistently increases COVID-19 vaccinations
Authors: Bartoš Vojtěch , Bauer Michal , Cahlíková Jana , Chytilová Julie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe reluctance of people to get vaccinated represents a fundamental challenge to containing the spread of deadly infectious diseases1,2, including COVID-19. Identifying misperceptions that can fuel vaccine hesitancy and creating effective communication strategies to overcome them are a global public health priority3–5. Medical doctors are a trusted source of advice about vaccinations6, but media reports may create an inaccurate impression that vaccine controversy is prevalent among doctors, even when a broad consensus exists7,8. Here we show that public misperceptions about the views of doctors on the COVID-19 vaccines are widespread, and correcting them increases vaccine uptake. We implement a survey among 9,650 doctors in the Czech Republic and find that 90% of doctors trust the vaccines. Next, we show that 90% of respondents in a nationally representative sample (n = 2,101) underestimate doctors’ trust; the most common belief is that only 50% of doctors trust the vaccines. Finally, we integrate randomized provision of information about the true views held by doctors into a longitudinal data collection that regularly monitors vaccination status over 9 months. The treatment recalibrates beliefs and leads to a persistent increase in vaccine uptake. The approach demonstrated in this paper shows how the engagement of professional medical associations, with their unparalleled capacity to elicit individual views of doctors on a large scale, can help to create a cheap, scalable intervention that has lasting positive impacts on health behaviour.
GriddingMachine, a database and software for Earth system modeling at global and regional scales
Authors: Wang Yujie , Köhler Philipp , Braghiere Renato K. , Longo Marcos , Doughty Russell , Bloom A. Anthony , Frankenberg Christian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLand and Earth system modeling is moving towards more explicit biophysical representations, requiring increasing variety of datasets for initialization and benchmarking. However, researchers often have difficulties in identifying and integrating non-standardized datasets from various sources. We aim towards a standardized database and one-stop distribution method of global datasets. Here, we present the GriddingMachine as (1) a database of global-scale datasets commonly used to parameterize or benchmark the models, from plant traits to vegetation indices and geophysical information and (2) a cross-platform open source software to download and request a subset of datasets with only a few lines of code. The GriddingMachine datasets can be accessed either manually through traditional HTTP, or automatically using modern programming languages including Julia, Matlab, Octave, Python, and R. The GriddingMachine collections can be used for any land and Earth modeling framework and ecological research at the regional and global scales, and the number of datasets will continue to grow to meet the increasing needs of research communities.
Effect of sample density in prompt γ-ray analysis
Authors: Maeda Makoto , Segawa Mariko , Toh Yosuke , Endo Shunsuke , Nakamura Shoji , Kimura Atsushi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA high-accuracy analytical method is broadly required to obtain reliable research results. Thus, prompt γ-ray analysis (PGA), one of the most accurate non-destructive analytical methods, has been employed in various fields. However, the measurement accuracy of PGA is also known to degrade in hydrogenous samples. The degradation is caused by variation in the measurement sensitivity (counts per milligram) following the change in neutron energy due to scattering with hydrogen nucleus. Number of scatterings is well known to depend on the hydrogen content in a sample. However, considering multiple scatterings, hydrogen density, which has not been taken into account as yet, may also lead to the accuracy degradation. Here, we show the effect of the hydrogen density in PGA by evaluating the measurement sensitivity of samples with the same hydrogen content and different densities. We find that the measurement sensitivity varies by more than 30% depending on the hydrogen density even at the same hydrogen content. The variation is a particularly serious problem for PGA requiring a few percent accuracy in most cases. Additionally, although the variation is apparently observed in hydrogenous samples, the similar phenomenon can occur in other nuclides with a large scattering cross section; it may affect nuclear cross-section measurements using neutrons in such fields as astrophysics and nuclear energy.
Mini-open carpal tunnel release: technique, feasibility and clinical outcome compared to the conventional procedure in a long-term follow-up
Authors: Schwarz Angelika M. , Lipnik Georg , Hohenberger Gloria M. , Krauss Aurel , Plecko Michael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe sought to evaluate the findings of our anatomically landmarks based mini-open procedure (MCTR) through a palmar approach and to compare its outcome and practicability to the conventional method (OCTR). The study consisted of 100 matched patients (n = 50 MCTR, n = 50 OCTR) with a minimum follow-up of three years. The outcome was characterized via the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand Score (DASH), Symptom Severity Scale (SSS), Functional Status Scale (FSC), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). All adverse events were observed. An alpha of 0.05 and a confidence level of 95% were set for statistical analyses. Both techniques showed comparable functional results in a long-term period (mean follow-up MCTR: 60 months and OCTR: 54 months). MCTR versus OCTR at mean: DASH: 4.6/8.3 (p = 0.398), SSS: 1.3/1.2 (p = 0.534), FSC: 1.3/1.2 (p = 0.617), VAS: 0.4/0.7 (p = 0.246). The MCTR convinced through a lower rate of scar sensibility (MCTR: 0% vs. OCTR: 12%, 0/50 vs. 6/50; p = 0.007) and pillar pain, as well as a shortened recovery period and surgical time relative to the OCTR. Low complication rates were observed in both groups, no recurrences had to be documented. The MCTR procedure revealed a similar good clinical outcome as the conventional technique. MCTR is a minimally-invasive, reliable, fast and simple procedure with an obvious benefit regarding scar sensibility.
A novel environmental nano-catalyst of zeolite amended with carbon nanotube/silver nanoparticles decorated carbon paste electrode for electro-oxidation of propylene glycol
Authors: Abdel-Gawad Soha A. , Fekry Amany M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA novel environmental nano-catalyst based on zeolite (ZE) adjusted with carbon nanotube/silver nanoparticles (Ag/CNT) ornamented carbon paste electrode (CPE) is used for electrochemical oxidation of propylene glycol (PG) in 0.5 M H2SO4solution. The techniques like cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are utilized to achieve the catalytic activity performance. Surface characteristics are achieved by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) techniques. Enhancing the loading magnitude of CNT into catalyst's ingredient can meaningfully develop the catalytic activity of the electrocatalyst towards propylene oxidation. The impact of altering the concentration of propylene glycol and the scanning rate on the resulting electrocatalyst performance during the oxidation cycle is considered. Chronoamperograms present an amplify of the steady state oxidation current density values after addition of these nano-catalysts. A promising catalytic stability of nano-catalyst has been achieved in electing its use for propylene glycol electro-oxidation in fuel cells applications.
Personality and fatigue: meta-analysis of seven prospective studies
Authors: Stephan Yannick , Sutin Angelina R. , Luchetti Martina , Canada Brice , Terracciano Antonio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe present study examined the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between the five major personality traits and fatigue. Participants were adults aged 16–104 years old (N > 40,000 at baseline) from the Health and Retirement Study, the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study graduate and sibling samples, the National Health and Aging Trends Survey, the Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Personality traits, fatigue, demographic factors, and other covariates were assessed at baseline, and fatigue was assessed again 5–20 years later. Across all samples, higher neuroticism was related to a higher risk of concurrent (meta-analytic OR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.62–1.86) and incident (OR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.29–1.48) fatigue. Higher extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness were associated with a lower likelihood of concurrent (meta-analytic OR range 0.67–0.86) and incident (meta-analytic OR range 0.80–0.92) fatigue. Self-rated health and physical inactivity partially accounted for these associations. There was little evidence that age or gender moderated these associations. This study provides consistent evidence that personality is related to fatigue. Higher neuroticism and lower extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness are risk factors for fatigue.
Population density mediates induced immune response, but not physiological condition in a well-adapted urban bird
Authors: Kamiński Maciej , Chyb Amelia , Minias Piotr 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThriving under high population density is considered a major feature of urban exploiter species. Nevertheless, population density appears to be a surprisingly overlooked factor in urban ecology studies. High population numbers observed in urban species might promote pathogen transmission and negatively affect health or condition, thus requiring investments in immunocompetence. The feral pigeonColumba livia domesticais an example of a successful city-dweller, found in great abundance in large cities across the globe. We investigated the effects of population density on induced immune response (phytohaemagglutinin skin test) and body condition (blood haemoglobin concentration and size-corrected body mass) in 120 feral pigeons, captured along population density gradient in Łódź (central Poland). We found that stronger immune response was associated with higher population density, but was not related to physiological condition and physiological stress (heterophil/lymphocyte ratio). Moreover, condition indices were not associated with population density. However, since pigeon population density was highly correlated with the level of habitat urbanization, we cannot exclude that any density-dependent effects may be mediated by habitat variation. Our results indicate that urban environment, via population density, might exert different selective pressures on immunocompetence and body condition in this successful urban exploiter.
Impacts of the properties heterogeneity on 3D magnetic dusty nanofluids flow in porous enclosures with cylinders
Authors: Rashed Z. Z. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the controlling of the three dimensional dusty nanofluid flow using the two circular cylinders having different thermal conditions. The cylinders are located in the middle area while the location of the right cylinder is changeable. The 3D (three dimensional) cubic flow domain is filled by a non-Darcy porous medium and a magnetic field in Z-direction is taken place. The non-homogeneous two phase model of the nanofluid is applied while the permeability and thermal conductivity of the porous medium are assumed heterogonous. The current situation is represented by two systems of the equations for the nanofluid and dusty phases. The solutions methodology is depending on the 3D SIMPLE scheme together with the finite volume method. Here, It is focused on the distance between the cylinders $$\delta\, (0.3\le \delta \le 0.6)$$

δ

(
0.3
≤
δ
≤
0.6
)

, the Darcy number $$Da\, ({10}^{-2}\le Da\le {10}^{-5})$$

D
a

(

10

-
2

≤
D
a
≤

10

-
5

)

, the dusty parameter $${\alpha }_{d}\,(0.001\le {\alpha }_{d}\le 0.1)$$

α
d

(
0.001
≤

α
d

≤
0.1
)

, the average nano-parameter $${\phi }_{av}\,(0.01\le {\phi }_{av}\le 0.03)$$

ϕ

av

(
0.01
≤

ϕ

av

≤
0.03
)

. The major outcomes indicating to that the flow can be well controlled using the inner isothermal cylinders. Also, the cases of the heterogeneity in $$X{-}Y$$

X
-
Y

and $$X{-}Z$$

X
-
Z

directions give the lowest values of $${Nu}_{av}$$

Nu

av

. Both the flow and heat transfer rate are enhanced as $$\delta $$
δ
is increased.