bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asthma-COPD overlap
Authors: Jarrell Lynda 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) presents in persons, especially adults, with persistent airflow limitation along with clinical symptoms reflective of both asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It includes multiple clinical phenotypes with different underlying pathophysiology. Patients with ACO typically have a worse clinical course than those with asthma or COPD alone. This article provides an overview of diagnosis and management of this underrecognized condition.
Review of publications evaluating opioid use in patients with inflammatory rheumatic disease
Authors: Anastasiou Christine , Yazdany Jinoos 
Published: January 2022

Purpose of review
This article discusses publications assessing the prevalence, efficacy, and safety of opioid analgesics in patients with rheumatic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and systemic sclerosis.

Recent findings
Recent studies show long-term opioid use is common in patients with inflammatory rheumatic disease. We did not find any studies demonstrating improved function or pain control with long-term opioid use in people with rheumatic diseases. Some data shows potential adverse effects including increased risk for fractures and opioid poisoning hospitalizations. There is evidence demonstrating an association of opioid use with mental health disorders, fibromyalgia, obesity, and disability, although causative links have not been established. Only minimal reductions in opioid use were observed after initiation of biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Studies have shown delayed DMARD initiation and reduced DMARD use in patients on opioids, raising concerns that these analgesics may delay care or initially mask symptoms of active disease.

Summary
Available literature highlights high levels of opioid use in people with rheumatic disease, without scientific evidence to support efficacy for chronic pain control and increasing evidence of adverse events. These findings strongly suggest that opioids do not have a routine role in the chronic management of inflammatory rheumatic diseases.
Retrospective analysis: risk factors predicting failure of closed reduction in pediatric diaphyseal forearm fractures treated with elastic stable intramedullary nails (ESINs)
Authors: Tay Ling Hui Gracia Mercy , Tan Wen Xi Tessa , Lee Nicole Kim Luan , Chew Ee Ming , Mahadev Arjandas , Wong Kenneth Pak Leung 
Published: January 2022

Paediatric forearm fractures are extremely common among children. Surgical treatment instead of casting is necessitated in highly unstable forearm fractures. A widely accepted technique of operative fixation today is via the elastic stable intramedullary nail (ESIN), which was first introduced in 1977. Closed reduction with the ESIN is often attempted first, failure of which may warrant the need for open reduction. However, multiple attempts at closed reduction not only increase the incidence of tissue trauma but also lead to severe postoperative complications such as compartment syndrome. Yet, little information exists to help surgeons anticipate when a child is more likely to require an open reduction. This study aims to determine certain risk factors that would point toward a greater likelihood of open reduction, and thus help surgeons avoid too many unnecessary endeavors at closed reduction. A total of 144 cases of forearm fractures fixated using ESINs between 2014 and 2019 were retrospectively identified in the institution of study. Patient factors, fracture characteristics and surgery details were also gathered from the institution’s database. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS and comparison was then done between the two groups of patients who underwent closed and open reductions. Results showed that the statistically significant risk factors for predicting unsuccessful closed reduction in forearm fractures were the amount of fractured bone overlap at presentation (P < 0.001) and whether the bones were fractured at different levels (P = 0.032). Other variables examined, including the patient’s biological age, skeletal age, BMI, fractured bone-angulation, site of fracture, fracture pattern and surgical circumstances did not contribute to differentiating between the likelihood of a closed versus open reduction. Children with a higher degree of fractured bone overlap at presentation or if the radius and ulnar bones were fractured at different levels, should be adequately forewarned regarding the increased chances of conversion to an open reduction. Surgeons should also avoid excessive attempts at closed reduction of forearm fractures with the ESIN in such circumstances.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Evolution of socioeconomic inequalities in cancer incidence between 2006 and 2016 in France: a population-based study
Authors: Derette Krystaelle , Rollet Quentin , Launay Ludivine , Launoy Guy , Bryere Joséphine ,   the French Network of Cancer Registries (FRANCIM group)
Published: January 2022

Objective
The existence of socioeconomic inequalities in cancer incidence is now well established and their reduction is a priority in many countries. This study aimed to measure the evolution of socioeconomic inequalities in the incidence of the most common cancers in France, over an 11-year period.

Methods
The study focused on 19 cancer entities (16 solid tumors and 3 hematological malignancies). Data are obtained from the French Network of Cancer Registries, representing 604 205 cancer cases. Each patient address was geolocalized and assigned to an IRIS, the smallest geographic unit in France. The French version of the European Deprivation Index was used to measure the level of deprivation in each IRIS. A generalized linear mixed model was used to account for the longitudinal nature of the data and to assess the evolution of socioeconomic inequalities.

Results
A significant evolution of the social gradient of incidence over time was highlighted for five cancer entities and all entities combined. For lung cancer for both sexes and bladder cancer in men, more frequent in deprived areas, the social gradient in incidence tended to decrease over time. For breast cancer in women and lymphocytic leukemia in men, more frequent in affluent areas, the gap continues to widen.

Conclusion
Cancer entities with large disparities continued to present social inequalities in incidence without exacerbation with time. The few temporal evolutions observed do not show a worsening of the social gradient of incidence to the disadvantage of the most deprived areas, but rather an increase in incidence that is greater in the most affluent areas.
Intra-abdominal aortic balloon occlusion in the management of placenta percreta
Authors: Zheng Weiran , Dou Ruochong , Yan Jie , Yang Xinrui , Zhao Xianlan , Chen Dunjin , Ma Yuyan , Zhang Weishe , Ding Yiling , Fan Ling , Yang Huixia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background:
Massive bleeding is the main concern for the management of placenta percreta (PP). Intra-abdominal aortic balloon occlusion (IABO) is one method for pelvic devascularization, but the efficacy of IABO is uncertain. This study aims to investigate the outcomes of IABO in PP patients.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of PP cases from six tertiary centers in China between January 2011 and December 2015. PP cases with/without the use of IABO were analyzed. Propensity score matching analysis was performed to reduce the effect of selection bias. Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and the rate of hysterectomy, as well as neonatal outcomes, were analyzed.

Results:
One hundred and thirty-two matched pairs of patients were included in the final analysis. Compared with the control group, maternal outcomes, including PPH (68.9% vs. 87.9%, χ
2 = 13.984, P < 0.001), hysterectomy (8.3% vs. 65.2%, χ
2 = 91.672, P < 0.001), and repeated surgery (1.5% vs. 12.1%, χ
2 = 11.686, P = 0.001) were significantly reduced in the IABO group. For neonatal outcomes, Apgar scores at 1 minute (8.67 ± 1.79 vs. 8.53 ± 1.68, t = −0.638, P = 0.947) and 5 minutes (9.43 ± 1.55 vs. 9.53 ± 1.26, t = 0.566, P = 0.293) were not significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusions:
IABO can significantly reduce blood loss, hysterectomies, and repeated surgeries. This procedure has not shown harmful effects on neonatal outcomes.
Multidisciplinary Approach to Emergent Sexual Abuse in a Pediatric Emergency Department: A Simulated Child Advocacy Center Model of Care
Authors: Hornor Gail , Anderson Avery M. , Baumeyer Stacy , Daniels Alicia , Doughty Katharine , Hollar Jessica , Prince Celeste , Skeens Micah , Wilkinson Kerri 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The purpose of this study was to compare child sexual abuse interview disclosures and judicial outcomes for cases of child and adolescent sexual abuse/assault seen in a pediatric emergency department (PED) before and after the implementation of a simulated child advocacy center (CAC) multidisciplinary model of care.

Method
A retrospective chart and legal records review was conducted from both the PED model of care group and the simulated CAC multidisciplinary model of care for judicial outcomes, child sexual abuse interview disclosures, and sexual abuse case characteristics.

Results
The simulated CAC multidisciplinary model of care did not result in increased indictments, pleas, trials, or disclosure of sexual abuse in the sexual abuse interview when compared with the PED model of care. The simulated CAC multidisciplinary model of care did result in a significantly higher rate of sexual abuse interview completion.

Discussion
Demographic risk factors for sexual abuse victimization as well as perpetration have been identified in the literature and were supported by this study. Law enforcement and child protective services were more frequently present in the PED under the simulated CAC multidisciplinary model allowing for improved protection of children.
Differences in Two Multiarticulating Myoelectric Hands for Facilitating Activities of Daily Living in Individuals with Transradial Amputation: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kannenberg Andreas , Lundstrom Russell , Hibler Karl D. , Johnson Shawn Swanson 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Research with multiarticulating prosthetic hands on patient-reported ease of activities of daily living (ADLs) and usefulness is still limited. This study aimed at comparing ease of ADL performance and usefulness of two common multiarticulating prosthetic hands.

Methods
Twenty subjects with transradial amputation wearing the bebionic (n = 10) or i-Limb (n = 10) hands were assessed with a hybrid Orthotics and Prosthetics User Survey–Upper Extremity Functional Status (OPUS-UEFS)/Prosthetic Upper Extremity Functional Index (PUFI) outcome measure previously used in a study with another multigrip prosthetic hand.

Results
There were no significant differences between the bebionic and i-Limb hands. However, the analysis of individual activities revealed that each multiarticulating hand had specific strengths and weaknesses compared with a historic control group with conventional myoelectric hands.

Discussion
Both multiarticulating hands may improve ease of performing ADLs compared with conventional myoelectric hands. However, more grip types available do not necessarily result in greater ease or usefulness compared with advanced hands with fewer grip types.

Conclusions
Clinicians must match the patients' functional needs with the differential functional profiles of the available multiarticulating hands.

Clinical Relevance
The present study is the first to provide comparative patient-reported outcomes on 3 multigrip prosthetic hands as well as standard myoelectric hands in 23 common ADLs. The distinct patient-reported ease and usefulness profiles of the different hands may inform and support clinicians' decision-making on hand selection for individual patients with transradial amputation.
Single-nucleotide polymorphism of ADRβ2 and CDKN1B genes in Egyptian patients with coronary artery in-stent restenosis
Authors: Abdelaziz Tarek A. , Mohamed Randa H. , Gad Marwa M. , Ghareeb Mohamed G. , Saadawy Sara F. 
Published: January 2022

Background
In-stent restenosis is a common complication after percutaneous coronary intervention. The purpose of the current study is to look for associations of genetic variation in adrenergic beta-2 receptor (ADRβ2), and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B) genes in patients diagnosed with in-stent restenosis (ISR) after percutaneous coronary intervention in the Egyptians.

Methods
Polymorphisms in ADRβ2 and CDKN1B were determined using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 200 Egyptian patients who underwent coronary angioplasty and stent placement of whom 100 patients developed ISR.

Results
We found that the GG genotype of ADRβ2 and CC genotype of CDKN1B were more likely to develop restenosis after stenting (odds ratio = 3.7 and 3.2; P = 0.001, respectively). Our study considered that male sex, diabetes, obesity, bare-metal stents type of implanted stents, longer stents, GG genotype of ADRβ2, and CC genotype of CDK1B were significant independent predictors for ISR.

Conclusion
our results indicate that ADRβ2 (rs1042713) and CDKN1B (rs36228499) could be associated with the development of ISR in Egyptians.
Prediction of medial damage by rotational atherectomy using intravascular ultrasound
Authors: Hashimoto Kenta , Fujii Kenichi , Shibutani Hiroki , Tsujimoto Satoshi , Otagaki Munemitsu , Morishita Shun , Hirose Takato , Shiojima Ichiro 
Published: January 2022

Objective
This study evaluated whether intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) images before rotational atherectomy (RA) can predict medial injury caused by RA burr passage in advance.

Methods
Thirty-three patients with de-novo lesions located in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) who underwent IVUS before and immediately after RA were enrolled. The spatial axes of the two matched pre- and post-RA IVUS cross-sectional images were merged. The segment was considered to have medial damage when the continuity of the intimal layer was disrupted and the medial layer was in direct contact with the lumen on post-RA IVUS.

Results
Medial injuries on post-RA IVUS were identified in seven segments of five patients. All segments with medial injury were located near the bifurcation of the LAD and the diagonal branch, and the spatial orientations of the medial injury region were mostly distributed in the lateral side with a diagonal branch take-off. The lumen area was significantly smaller in segments with medial injury than in those without medial injury (P < 0.01). The IVUS catheter was in contact with the healthy side of the arterial wall on pre-RA IVUS images for more than 1 mm in length in all segments with medial injury.

Conclusion
When the guidewire and IVUS catheter are close to the healthy side of the arterial wall on pre-RA IVUS images, there is a higher risk of medial injury due to the RA procedure, especially near the bifurcation of the LAD and diagonal branch.
Randomized control trial on the efficacy of Limosilactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 4659 in reducing inflammatory markers in acute uncomplicated diverticulitis
Authors: Ojetti Veronica , Saviano Angela , Brigida Mattia , Petruzziello Carmine , Caronna Martina , Gayani Gunawardena , Franceschi Francesco 
Published: January 2022

Introduction
Recent guidelines suggest treating acute uncomplicated diverticulitis (AUD) without antibiotics. We tested the efficacy of Limosilactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 4659 in AUD. Primary outcome was the reduction of abdominal pain and inflammatory markers [C-reactive protein (C-RP) and calprotectin]. Secondary outcome was the reduction of hours of hospitalization.

Patients and methods
A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted in 119 patients with AUD. The probiotic group (61 patients) was treated with fluids, bowel rest and L. reuteri/b.i.d. for 10 days. The placebo group (58 patients) was treated with the same therapy and placebo/b.i.d. for 10 days. All patients completed a daily visual analogue scale (VAS) for abdominal pain.

Results
Both groups showed a mean VAS score of 7 at enrolment and a reduction of 4 points after 3 days. C-RP value, after 72 h, decreased by 58.8% in the probiotic group and by only 40% in the placebo group (P < 0.05). Calprotectin levels, after 72 h, decreased by 17% in the probiotic group and by only 10.6% in the control group (P < 0.05). In the probiotic group, the hospitalization was done for 75.5 h compared to 83.5 in the placebo group.

Conclusions
The supplementation with L. reuteri 4659 together with bowel rest and fluids significantly reduced both blood and faecal inflammatory markers compared to the placebo group.
Evaluation of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography and human epithelial growth factor receptor 2 expression in treatment-naive patients with lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Yuan , Wu Xiaodong , Fang Juanjuan , Zhao Qingping , Huang Yan , Jiang Lei 
Published: January 2022

Objective
Human epithelial growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in several types of cancers. The correlation between tumor glucose activity and HER2 expression can vary. This study is a retrospective investigation of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) and HER2 expression status in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.

Methods
The maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) of 18F-FDG PET/CT was compared with the HER2 expression status in pretreated patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Moreover, clinicopathological characteristics, including age, gender, smoking, serum tumor markers, tumor location, size, stage and genetic mutation, were also evaluated in groups with different HER2 expressions. Patients’ progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were also analyzed.

Results
Ninety-six patients with HER2 expression, including 54 patients with HER2 overexpression and 30 patients without HER2 expression were enrolled in this study. The primary pulmonary lesion was single in all patients, and all lesions were FDG-avid on PET/CT. SUVmax had no significant association with HER2 expression or overexpression in lung adenocarcinoma. Moreover, elevated serum CYFRA211 levels were obviously associated with HER2 expression but not associated with HER2 overexpression. There were no significant differences in other clinicopathological characteristics in groups with different HER2 expressions. Furthermore, multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that SUVmax, HER2 expression and tumor node metastasis stage were independent predictors of PFS, and SUVmax, CYFRA211 and epidermal growth factor receptor mutation were independent predictors of OS.

Conclusion
SUVmax had no significant association with the HER2 expression status in lung adenocarcinoma. 18F-FDG PET/CT and HER2 expression could provide valuable prognostic information for treatment-naive patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
Support Seeking in the Context of Self-Injury Recovery
Authors: Meheli Saha , Lewis Stephen P. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A sample of 229 university students responded to open-ended questions for the present study, which aimed to gain a deeper understanding of lived experiences of support seeking in the context of self-injury recovery. Inductive thematic analysis of the responses indicated themes from two domains: the benefits of support seeking and the barriers to support seeking. The first domain highlighted benefits from both professional sources (such as receiving diagnosis and referrals to therapy, learning emotion regulation strategies, and developing an improved understanding of self) and informal sources (such as receiving tangible aid, having a support system, and having a compassionate space). The second domain indicated that barriers could be both intrapersonal (such as desire to continue nonsuicidal self-injury, embarrassment and shame, establishing agency without others' support, and minimizing self-injury) and interpersonal (such as fear of being stigmatized, concern for others, and unhelpful prior experiences) in nature. Implications for future research, outreach efforts, and clinical practice are discussed.
Is Tailoring of PrEP Programs Needed to Overcome Racial Disparities in PrEP Uptake in Local Health Departments? A Mixed-Methods Evaluation of PrEP Implementation in Virginia
Authors: Schexnayder Julie , Elamin Fatima , Mayes Eric , Cox Lauren , Martin Elaine , Webel Allison R. 
Published: January 2022

Context:
African American and Hispanic adults share a disproportionate burden of HIV infections in the United States but continue to experience suboptimal uptake of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Increasing PrEP accessibility in nontraditional care settings is a potential strategy to increase PrEP uptake in these high-risk groups. PrEP implementation in local health departments (LHDs) is not well characterized.

Objective:
To evaluate HIV PrEP implementation for African American and Hispanic adults receiving medical care in Virginia's LHDs.

Design:
We conducted a retrospective, mixed-methods evaluation of PrEP services implementation at LHDs completing their first PrEP program year between June 1, 2016, and June 30, 2019. Using pharmacy records, we estimated PrEP coverage and adherence using PrEP to need ratios (PnRs) and medication possession ratios (MPRs), respectively. Thematic analysis was used to identify barriers to PrEP delivery in interviews with 6 multidisciplinary LHD workers.

Results:
Of the 433 PrEP clients receiving an emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Truvada) prescription in year 1, 52.0% self-identified as African American and 8.9% self-identified as Hispanic. PnRs were greater for White adults in 50.0% of clinics. The average MPR (0.79) was consistent with protective medication adherence levels; however, 25.0% of clients filled only one prescription in the program year. Qualitative findings suggest incompatibilities between health PrEP services delivery and community preferences for African American and Hispanic adults; however, LHDs in one health region were able to link communities of color to PrEP at similar rates as Whites.

Conclusions:
Incorporating a metric sensitive to racial/ethnic differences in the burden of HIV infection improved recognition of PrEP disparities; however, population-specific targets are needed to enhance use of the PnR for program evaluation. Tailoring of PrEP services to communities with the greatest local PrEP burden may be needed to optimize the effectiveness of PrEP programs in LHDs.