bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein Expression of Amino Acid Transporters Is Altered in Isolated Cerebral Microvessels of 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Puris Elena , Saveleva Liudmila , de Sousa Maciel Izaque , Kanninen Katja M. , Auriola Seppo , Fricker Gert 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMembrane transporters such as ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) transporters expressed at the neurovascular unit (NVU) play an important role in drug delivery to the brain and have been demonstrated to be involved in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. However, our knowledge of quantitative changes in transporter absolute protein expression and functionality in vivo in NVU in AD patients and animal models is limited. The study aim was to investigate alterations in protein expression of ABC and SLC transporters in the isolated brain microvessels and brain prefrontal cortices of a widely used model of familial AD, 5xFAD mice (8 months old), using a sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry-based quantitative targeted absolute proteomic approach. Moreover, we examined alterations in brain prefrontal cortical and plasmatic levels of transporter substrates in 5xFAD mice compared to age-matched wild-type (WT) controls. ASCT1 (encoded by Slc1a4) protein expression in the isolated brain microvessels and brain prefrontal cortices of 5xFAD mice was twice higher compared to WT controls (p = 0.01). Brain cortical levels of ASCT1 substrate, serine, were increased in 5xFAD mice compared to WT animals. LAT1 (encoded by Slc7a5) and 4F2hc (encoded by Slc3a2) protein expressions were significantly altered in the isolated brain microvessels of 5xFAD mice compared to WT controls (p = 0.008 and p = 0.05, respectively). Overall, the study provides important information, which is crucial for the optimal use of the 5xFAD mouse model in AD drug development and for investigating novel drug delivery approaches. In addition, the findings of the study shed light on the novel potential mechanisms underlying AD pathogenesis.
Voice Over Body? Older Adults’ Reactions to Robot and Voice Assistant Facilitators of Group Conversation
Authors: Seaborn Katie , Sekiguchi Takuya , Tokunaga Seiki , Miyake Norihisa P. , Otake-Matsuura Mihoko 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntelligent agents have great potential as facilitators of group conversation among older adults. However, little is known about how to design agents for this purpose and user group, especially in terms of agent embodiment. To this end, we conducted a mixed methods study of older adults’ reactions to voice and body in a group conversation facilitation agent. Two agent forms with the same underlying artificial intelligence (AI) and voice system were compared: a humanoid robot and a voice assistant. One preliminary study (total n = 24) and one experimental study comparing voice and body morphologies (n = 36) were conducted with older adults and an experienced human facilitator. Findings revealed that the artificiality of the agent, regardless of its form, was beneficial for the socially uncomfortable task of conversation facilitation. Even so, talkative personality types had a poorer experience with the “bodied” robot version. Design implications and supplementary reactions, especially to agent voice, are also discussed.
Mechanical behavior and constitutive model of shale under real-time high temperature and high stress conditions
Authors: Guo Wuhao , Guo Yintong , Cai Zhenhua , Yang Hanzhi , Wang Lei , Yang Chunhe , Zhao Guokai , Bi Zhenhui 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe high temperature and high in-situ stress geological environment can significantly affect the mechanical properties, failure modes, and deformation characteristics of deep shale reservoirs. In this study, real-time high temperature triaxial compressive tests simulating the deep shale formation environment (temperature: 25–150 °C, confining pressure: 0–100 MPa) are carried out. The GSI-strength degradation and constitutive models are derived based on the Hoek–Brown criterion. The results show that in low confining pressure conditions, the mechanical behavior of shale is greatly influenced by temperature. Compared with shale at 25 °C, the compressive strength of shale at 150 °C decreases by up to 13.7%, and the elastic modulus decreases by up to 36.9%. The peak strain was increased by a factor of up to 1.4, and the yield stress level was advanced by as much as 7.4%. However, in high confining pressure conditions, the shale plasticity characteristics are significantly enhanced and the failure mode is relatively single. The GSI-strength degradation model can well characterize the variation law of shale strength with confining pressure under high temperature conditions. The statistical damage constitutive model matches the actual stress–strain curve very well, and it can fully reflect the deformation and failure characteristics of deep shale. The findings of this study can help us better understand the variation of mechanical properties of deep shale.
Bacterial Metabolism-Initiated Nanocatalytic Tumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Wu Wencheng , Pu Yinying , Gao Shuang , Shen Yucui , Zhou Min , Yao Heliang , Shi Jianlin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe low immunogenicity of tumors remains one of the major limitations of cancer immunotherapy. Herein, we report a bacterial metabolism-initiated and photothermal-enhanced nanocatalytic therapy strategy to completely eradicate primary tumor by triggering highly effective antitumor immune responses. Briefly, a microbiotic nanomedicine, designated as Cu2O@ΔSt, has been constructed by conjugating PEGylated Cu2O nanoparticles on the surface of an engineered Salmonella typhimurium strain (ΔSt). Owing to the natural hypoxia tropism of ΔSt, Cu2O@ΔSt could selectively colonize hypoxic solid tumors, thus minimizing the adverse effects of the bacteria on normal tissues. Upon bacterial metabolism within the tumor, Cu2O@ΔSt generates H2S gas and other acidic substances in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which will in situ trigger the sulfidation of Cu2O to form CuS facilitating tumor-specific photothermal therapy (PTT) under local NIR laser irradiation on the one hand. Meanwhile, the dissolved Cu+ ions from Cu2O into the acidified TME enables the nanocatalytic tumor therapy by catalyzing the Fenton-like reaction of decomposing endogenous H2O2 into cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals (·OH) on the other hand. Such a bacterial metabolism-triggered PTT-enhanced nanocatalytic treatment could effectively destroy tumor cells and induce a massive release of tumor antigens and damage-associated molecular patterns, thereby sensitizing tumors to checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. The combined nanocatalytic and ICB therapy results in the much-inhibited growth of distant and metastatic tumors, and more importantly, induces a powerful immunological memory effect after the primary tumor ablation.
Assessing neophobia and exploration while accounting for social context: an example application in scimitar-horned oryx
Authors: Mertes Katherine , Ressijac Catherine A. , Moraes Rosana N. , Hughey Lacey F. , Alegre Luisa H. Porto , Horning Megan , Buk Tara , Harwood Arielle , Layman Lawrence , Mathews Christopher , Vance Morgan , Reed Dolores , Stabach Jared A. , Goldenberg Shifra Z. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSpatial neophobia and exploration are often assessed in nonhuman animals by measuring behavioral responses to novel environments. These traits may especially affect the performance of individuals translocated to novel environments for conservation purposes. Here, we present methods to administer and analyze a minimally invasive novel environment test that accounts for the social context of focal individuals. We used an aerial platform to capture video footage of a captive herd of scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah) entering an unfamiliar enclosure. We analyzed footage for seven individually identifiable oryx, scoring their behavioral responses (i.e., latency to enter the enclosure, and movement and posture after entering the enclosure) and social context (i.e., relative position and number of nearby animals). We performed a principal components analysis (PCA) to explore individual traits and responses, and used generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) to determine the effect of individual traits and social context on individual posture and movement behaviors. Both PCA and GLMMs supported our expectation that social context affects individual behavior: high neighbor density and relative position were negatively related to individual movement, and variation in social context was positively related with head-up postures and movement. Oryx were well differentiated along two principal components that reflected (1) vigilance or caution, and (2) changing social context and age. These methods provide a framework for assessing individual responses to a novel environment in a group setting, which can inform reintroduction and wildlife management efforts, while minimizing interference with animal behavior and management operations.
Syed Ross Masood and a Japanese Model for Education, Nationalism, and Modernity in Hyderabad
Authors: Hanaoka Mimi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSyed Ross Masood (1889-1937), grandson of the Muslim modernist Syed Ahmad Khan and former principal of Osmania University, traveled in 1922 from India to Japan as Director of Public Instruction for Hyderabad to assess Japan's educational system. In Japan and Its Educational System, a report published in 1923, Masood concluded that education had been key to Japan's rapid modernization and recommended that Hyderabad follow the country's model of modernization and educational reform: transmit Western knowledge through widespread vernacular education, and focus on the imperial tradition, freedom from foreign control, and patriotic nationalism. Masood sought to use mass vernacular education to create in Hyderabad a nationalist subject, loyal to the ruling Muslim dynasty, who absorbed modern scientific knowledge with its Western epistemic foundations but who remained untainted by Western norms. This study contextualizes and historicizes Masood's attempt to create in Hyderabad a new nationalist subject, focusing on his 1923 report about Japan.
From the Periphery to Center Stage: The Mainstreaming of Italian in the Australian Education System (1960s to 1990s)
Authors: Hajek John , Aliani Renata , Slaughter Yvette 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article examines the complex drivers of change in language education that have resulted in Australia having the highest number of students learning Italian in the world. An analysis of academic and non-academic literature, policy documents, and quantitative data helps trace the trajectory of the Italian language in the Australian education system, from the 1960s to the 1990s, illustrating the interaction of different variables that facilitated the shift in Italian's status from a largely immigrant language to one of the most widely studied languages in Australia. This research documents the factors behind the successful mainstreaming of Italian into schools, which, in addition to the active support it received from the Italian community and the Italian government, also included, notably, the ability of different Australian governments to address societal transformation and to respond to the emerging practical challenges in scaling up new language education initiatives in a detailed and comprehensive manner.
Asymptotic behavior and quasi-limiting distributions on time-fractional birth and death processes
Authors: Littin Curinao Jorge 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this article we provide new results for the asymptotic behavior of a time-fractional birth and death process
$N_{\alpha}(t)$
, whose transition probabilities
$\mathbb{P}[N_{\alpha}(t)=\,j\mid N_{\alpha}(0)=i]$
are governed by a time-fractional system of differential equations, under the condition that it is not killed. More specifically, we prove that the concepts of quasi-limiting distribution and quasi-stationary distribution do not coincide, which is a consequence of the long-memory nature of the process. In addition, exact formulas for the quasi-limiting distribution and its rate convergence are presented. In the first sections, we revisit the two equivalent characterizations for this process: the first one is a time-changed classic birth and death process, whereas the second one is a Markov renewal process. Finally, we apply our main theorems to the linear model originally introduced by Orsingher and Polito [23].
RECENT SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF RADIOCARBON IN URBAN TREE LEAVES AT GYEONGJU, SOUTH KOREA
Authors: Lee Sang-Hun , Kong Min-Ji , Lee Seung-Gyu , Park Sae-Hoon , Kim Yu-Seok 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTRadiocarbon (14C) in natural samples undergoes changes due to variations in atmospheric CO2 resulting from anthropogenic activities. To analyze the variation of the 14C ratio in atmospheric CO2, deciduous tree leaves were collected in Gyeongju, a popular tourist city in South Korea. Leaf samples were collected from Prunus subg. Cerasus trees at five different sampling points throughout the city over 3 years (2018, 2020, and 2021). The 14C data of the samples were categorized into three groups (downtown, rural, and tourist sites) and analyzed for variations among the different years. The 14C ratio at downtown sites was stable after 2018, the rural site ratio increased between 2018 and 2020 and then decreased between 2020 and 2021, and the tourist site ratio increased after 2018. We theorize that the increased 14C ratio at the tourist site was caused by a decrease in tourism after 2018.
OHNO–ZAGIER TYPE RELATIONS FOR MULTIPLE t-VALUES
Authors: LI ZHONGHUA , SONG YUTONG 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe study Ohno–Zagier type relations for multiple t-values and multiple t-star values. We represent the generating function of sums of multiple t-(star) values with fixed weight, depth and height in terms of the generalised hypergeometric function
$\,_3F_2$
. As applications, we get a formula for the generating function of sums of multiple t-(star) values of maximal height and a weighted sum formula for sums of multiple t-(star) values with fixed weight and depth.
Monolingual comparative normativity in bilingualism research is out of “control”: Arguments and alternatives
Authors: Rothman Jason , Bayram Fatih , DeLuca Vincent , Di Pisa Grazia , Duñabeitia Jon Andoni , Gharibi Khadij , Hao Jiuzhou , Kolb Nadine , Kubota Maki , Kupisch Tanja , Laméris Tim , Luque Alicia , van Osch Brechje , Pereira Soares Sergio Miguel , Prystauka Yanina , Tat Deniz , Tomić Aleksandra , Voits Toms , Wulff Stefanie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHerein, we contextualize, problematize, and offer some insights for moving beyond the problem of monolingual comparative normativity in (psycho) linguistic research on bilingualism. We argue that, in the vast majority of cases, juxtaposing (functional) monolinguals to bilinguals fails to offer what the comparison is supposedly intended to do: meet the standards of empirical control in line with the scientific method. Instead, the default nature of monolingual comparative normativity has historically contributed to inequalities in many facets of bilingualism research and continues to impede progress on multiple levels. Beyond framing our views on the matter, we offer some epistemological considerations and methodological alternatives to this standard practice that improve empirical rigor while fostering increased diversity, inclusivity, and equity in our field.
Herbicides in unexpected places: non-target impacts from tree root exudation of aminopyralid and triclopyr following basal bark treatments of invasive chokecherry (Prunus padus) in Alaska
Authors: Graziano Gino , Tomco Patrick , Seefeldt Steven , Mulder Christa P. H. , Redman Zachary 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBasal bark treatment of invasive trees is an approach designed to limit damage to non-target vegetation in the vicinity, but non-target injury is still documented. No study of basal bark treatments has examined the release of herbicide residues from roots of treated plants and resulting non-target impacts. Studies were conducted in Alaska interior and coastal boreal forests on basal bark treatments with aminopyralid and triclopyr on active-growth and dormant invasive chokecherry (Prunus padus L.). The study assessed non-target damage and soil herbicide residue using a combination of visual evaluations, bioassays, and soil residue analyses. Non-target damage from herbicide residues were identified in 40% of treatments containing aminopyralid with triclopyr, 60% of treatments containing aminopyralid alone, and 5% of treatments containing only triclopyr. Laboratory studies of aminopyralid treatments to saplings isolated the effects of herbicide exudation from roots, which was found to be significant, and the magnitude was dependent on dose. Herbicide soil residues in field and laboratory experiments were quantified with analytical detection and plant bioassays. Aminopyralid soil residues were identified in 57% of field treatments receiving 8 to 60 ml of herbicide solution (2% ai) and 70% of laboratory treatments receiving 10 µl of herbicide solution (2% to 16% ai). Triclopyr residues were found from one field treatment following dosage with 28 ml of herbicide solution (18.5% ai). Anatomically, plants grown in soils associated with herbicide-treated trees, both in the field and lab, grew less dry mass than non–herbicide treated controls. This study provides the first evidence that root exudation of herbicide following basal bark treatments contributes to non-target damage of adjacent vegetation and to accumulation of soil herbicide residues. This is an important new factor for integrated pest management within basal bark treatment systems and has implications for other herbicide application types such as injections and frill, as well as determining whether root exudation is species or herbicide specific.
Measurement Invariance of the Satisfaction With Life Scale in South	Korea
Authors: Joshanloo Mohsen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract: This study examined the cross-group and temporal measurement invariance of the Satisfaction With Life Scale in Korea. A nationally representative sample ( N = 13,824) and a convenience sample collected at four-time points over approximately 14 months ( N = 338) were used. Full measurement invariance (i.e., equal factor loadings and intercepts) was supported across groups based on gender, age, education, data collection method (face-to-face versus non-face-to-face), and two alternative translations of the scale. Temporal measurement invariance was also supported. Accordingly, the same underlying construct is measured, and the items of the scale are understood and answered similarly across groups and across time in Korea. Supplemental analysis revealed that Item 5 was not invariant between Korea and Japan, with Korean respondents tending to rate this item higher than Japanese respondents.
Homework Approach Scale for Middle School Students
Authors: Yang Fuyi , Xu Jianzhong , Gallo Kasia , Núñez José Carlos 
Published: November 2022

Abstract: This investigation assessed the psychometric properties of the Homework Approach Scale (HAS) using 1,072 students in Grades 7 and 8. Having randomly divided the sample ( n = 1,072) into two subsamples, we conducted exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on subsample 1 and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on subsample 2. Factorial results indicated that the HAS contained two factors: Deep Approach and Surface Approach. Provided with sufficient measurement invariance, the factor means were tested across gender and grade levels. Males scored significantly lower in Deep Approach yet higher in the Surface Approach. There were nonsignificant differences in Deep Approach and Surface Approach across the grade level. Congruent with theoretical predictions, homework completion and mathematics achievement were related positively to Deep Approach and negatively to Surface Approach. This investigation offers robust evidence that the HAS is a valid measure for assessing students’ approaches to homework.
Moored Observations of the Timor Passage Currents in the Indonesian Seas
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhang Zhengbei , Li Xiang , Wang Zheng , Li Yao , Hao Jiajia , Zhao Xia , Corvianawatie Corry , Surinati Dewi , Yuan Dongliang , Xu Tengfei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe structure and variability of the currents in the Timor Passage are studied based on the measurements from a subsurface mooring deployed in the center of the passage from September 2017 to December 2019. The annual mean currents are found to flow westward into the Indian Ocean in the upper 1,400 m, with a maximum velocity core at ∼50 m. The mean volume transport through the Timor Passage into the Indian Ocean is estimated to be −9.9 ± 1.0 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3 s−1) in the upper 1,400 m with much of this transport concentrated in the upper 480 m (−8.9 Sv). This value contrasts with the estimate of −7.5 Sv above 1,890 m based on INSTANT measurements. The transport during the 2019 positive Indian Ocean Dipole event was only slightly larger than that during the 2018 normal year in the upper 480 m. The variability in the along‐strait velocity in the Timor Passage is dominated by an annual cycle in the upper 150 m and a semiannual cycle in the lower layer. The annual cycle in the upper layer is mainly driven by local monsoonal forcing. Downward energy propagation is observed below 200 m, which is shown to be mainly driven by remote Kelvin waves from the Indian Ocean. The transport variability through the Timor Passage is dominated by a semiannual cycle, associated with the semiannual circulation over the equatorial Indian Ocean, with the transport in the upper and lower layers largely canceling each other in the annual cycle.
Incidence of anxiety and depression in children and young people with life-limiting conditions
Authors: Barker Mary M. , Beresford Bryony , Fraser Lorna K. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of anxiety and depression in children and young people with life-limiting conditions.

Methods
A comparative cohort study was conducted, using primary and secondary care data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) in England. Anxiety and depression codes were identified using diagnostic, symptom and prescription codes. Incidence rates of anxiety and depression were compared across condition groups using Poisson regression, adjusting for sex, age, ethnicity, and deprivation status.

Results
A total of 25,313 children and young people were included in the study: 5527 with life-limiting conditions, 6729 with chronic conditions, and 13,057 with no long-term conditions. The incidence of anxiety (IRRadj: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.09–1.77) and depression (IRRadj: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.08–1.83) was significantly higher in children and young people with life-limiting conditions, compared to children and young people with no long-term conditions.

Conclusions
The higher incidence of anxiety and depression observed among children and young people with life-limiting conditions highlights the need for psychological support in this population, including further efforts to prevent, identify, and treat anxiety and depression.

Impact

The analysis of primary and secondary healthcare data from England revealed that the incidence of anxiety and depression was higher among children and young people with life-limiting conditions, compared to those with no long-term conditions.

This is the first study to investigate the incidence of anxiety and depression in children and young people with a wide range of life-limiting conditions.

The higher incidence of anxiety and depression observed in children and young people with life-limiting conditions highlights the need for psychological support aiming to prevent, identify, and treat anxiety and depression in this population group.