bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attributes of host-specificity better explains the diversified wood-boring longhorn beetles in tropical SW China
Authors: Luo Fang , Rather Shabir A. , Bibi Farkhanda 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A long-debated question in ecology is whether the hyper-diversity of tropical plant-feeding insects is a direct consequence of high tropical plant diversity or should be attributed to increases in host plant specialization. In this study, we used Cerambycidae (the wood-boring longhorn beetles whose larval stages feed on the xylems of trees and lianas) and plants as study materials to explore which hypothesis is more favoured. Multiple analyses were used to show the differences in host specificity of Cerambycidae in tropical and subtropical forests. From these analyses, we found that the alpha diversity of beetles in tropical forests was significantly higher than that in subtropical forests, but not in plants. And the relationship of plants and beetles is closer in the tropical areas compared with subtropical areas. Our results imply that the wood-boring longhorn beetles show higher degrees of niche conservatism and host-specificity in tropical forests than in subtropical forests. The high diversity of wood-boring longhorn beetles in tropical forests might be explained to a large extent by their more finely partitioned diet-breadth.
Associations between perceived stress and health outcomes in adolescents
Authors: Frida Thorsén , Carl Antonson , Karolina Palmér , Rada Berg , Jan Sundquist , Kristina Sundquist 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Adolescents are reporting increasing symptoms of anxiety, depression and somatization and an increase in perceived stress is a plausible explanation. The first aim of this study was to examine the occurrence of perceived stress and health outcomes in adolescents, and to evaluate if there are any sex differences. The second aim was to investigate if there is an association between perceived stress and the health outcomes and, if so, possible gender differences in this association. The third aim was to compare samples of adolescent girls and boys from two different European countries to enhance the generalizability of potential findings.
Methods
The sample included 636 students from Sweden and Bulgaria, aged 15–16, 164 (58% males, 41% females, 1% not specified) from Sweden and 472 (71% males, 28% females, 1% not specified) from Bulgaria. Perceived stress and health outcomes were measured by the 14-item “Perceived Stress Scale” (PSS-14), and a shorter version of the questionnaire "Children and Young People in Skåne" (Folkhälsoenkäten, FHE), respectively. T-test and Chi2 and/or Fisher’s exact test was used to compare results between boys and girls from the PSS-14 and health outcomes. The association between PSS and the health outcomes was assessed using Spearman’s rank correlation and comparisons between boys and girls were calculated using linear regression.
Results
There were significant associations between perceived stress and psychiatric symptoms in all groups. Adolescent girls in both Sweden and Bulgaria consistently reported higher levels of perceived stress and more psychiatric and somatic symptoms than the boys.
Conclusions
The findings support the idea that increased perception of stress might be a possible explanation for the observed increase in psychiatric symptoms. Evaluating methods for lessening the perception of stress, and their clinical presentation, should be considered in order to reduce the occurrence of psychiatric symptoms in adolescents.
Genetic inhibition of CARD9 accelerates the development of experimental atherosclerosis through CD36 dependent-defective autophagy
Authors: Zhang Yujiao , Vandestienne Marie , Lavillegrand Jean-Rémi , Joffre Jeremie , Santos-Zas Icia , Lavelle Aonghus , Zhong Xiadan , Goff Wilfried Le , Guerin Maryse , Lenoir Olivia , Laurans Ludivine , Bruneval Patrick , Guérin Coralie , Diedisheim Marc , Migaud Melanie , Puel Anne , Lanternier Fanny , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Cochain Clement , Zernecke Alma , Saliba Antoine-Emmanuel , Lavillegrand Jean-sebastien , Tedgui Alain , Mallat Ziad , Taleb Soraya , Vindis Cécile , Camus Stephane , Sokol Harry , Ait-Oufella Hafid 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Macrophage-mediated innate immune responses contribute to the initiation, progression and complications of atherosclerosis. However, the underlying pathways linking activation of macrophages to atherosclerotic plaque develoment are still poorly understood. We hypothesized that activation of caspase recruitment-domain containing protein 9 (CARD9) plays a determinant role in pro-atherogenic responses in macrophages. We showed that global deletion of Card9 in male Apoe−/− mice as well as hematopoietic deletion of Card9 in female Ldlr−/− mice increased atherosclerosis. Card9−/− chimeric animals displayed more inflammatory atherosclerotic plaques and decreased systemic Th17 responses when compared to Card9+/+ chimeric mice. The acceleration of atherosclerosis was also observed in Apoe−/−Rag2−/−Card9−/− mice lacking T, B, and NKT cells, ruling out a role for the adaptive immune system in the pro-atherogenic effect of Card9 deficiency. Card9 deficiency altered macrophage phenotype with increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, improved lipid uptake, higher cell death susceptibility and defective autophagy. Rapamycin or metformin, two autophagy inducers, abolished intracellular lipid overload, restored macrophage survival and autophagy flux in vitro and finally abolished the pro-atherogenic effects of Card9 deficiency in vivo. Card9 deficiency up-regulated Cd36 expression in macrophages, which blocked AMPK phosphorylation, a key inducer of autophagy. In the absence of Cd36, the pro-atherogenic effects of Card9 deficiency were blunted both in vitro and in vivo. Transcriptomic analysis of human monocytes isolated from CARD9-deficient patients confirmed the pathogenic signature identified in murine models. In summary, we identified CARD9 signaling as a key protective pathway in atherosclerosis, modulating macrophage CD36-dependent inflammatory responses, lipid uptake and autophagy.
Diagnostic Performance of Quantitative Ga-SPECT/CT for Patients with Lower-limb Osteomyelitis
Authors: Nishikawa Yoshito , Fukushima Yoshimitsu , Kirinoki Sonoko , Takagi Gen , Suda Masaya , Maki Toshio , Kumita Shinichiro 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Patients with lower-limb osteomyelitis (LLOM) may experience major adverse events, such as lower-leg amputations or death; therefore, early diagnosis and risk stratification are essential to improve outcomes. Ga-scintigraphy is commonly used for diagnosing inflammatory diseases. Until fairly recently, conventional imaging and SPECT were the most common; however, the diagnostic performance of planar and SPECT imaging for localized lesions is limited. While localized imaging using Ga-SPECT/CT is an emerging approach to improve diagnoses, its diagnostic performance has not been sufficiently evaluated to date. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of Ga-SPECT/CT with quantitative analyses for patients with LLOM.
Methods
A total of 103 consecutive patients suspected of LLOM between April 2012 and October 2016 were analyzed. All patients underwent Ga-scintigraphy with SPECT/CT imaging. Findings were assessed visually, with higher than background accumulation considered positive, and quantitatively, using Ga-SPECT/CT images to calculate the inflammation-to-background ratio (IBR), the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), and total lesion uptake (TLU). Diagnoses were confirmed using pathological examinations and patient outcomes, and diagnostic performances of planar, SPECT, and SPECT/CT images were compared. To evaluate prognostic performance, all patients were observed for 5 years for occurrences of major adverse events (MAE), defined as recurrence of osteomyelitis, major leg amputation, or fatal event. Multivariate Cox regression was performed to evaluate outcome factors.
Results
The overall diagnoses indicated that 54 out of 103 patients had LLOM. IBR, SUVmax, and TLU were significantly higher in patients with LLOM (12.23 vs. 1.00, 4.85 vs. 1.34, and 68.77 vs. 8.63, respectively; p < 0.001). Sensitivity and specificity were 91% and 96% for SPECT/CT with IBR, 89% and 94% for SPECT/CT with SUVmax, and 91% and 92% for SPECT/CT with TLU, respectively. MAE occurred in 23 of 54 LLOM patients (43%). TLU was found to be an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.047).
Conclusions
Ga-SPECT/CT using quantitative parameters, namely, IBR and TLU, had better diagnostic and prognostic performances for patients with LLOM compared to conventional imaging. The results suggest that Ga-SPECT/CT is a good alternative for diagnosing LLOM in countries where FDG-PET/CT is not commonly available.
Women’s values and preferences on low-molecular-weight heparin and pregnancy: a mixed-methods systematic review
Authors: LEÓN-GARCÍA MONTSERRAT , HUMPHRIES BRITTANY , MARABOTO ANDREA , RABASSA MONTSERRAT , BOEHMER KASEY R. , PERESTELO-PEREZ LILISBETH , XIE FENG , PELAYO IRENE , ECKMAN MARK , BATES SHANNON , SELVA ANNA , COELLO PABLO ALONSO- 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) in pregnancy is an important cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is the cornerstone of prophylaxis and treatment of thrombotic events during pregnancy. LMWH has fewer adverse effects than other anticoagulants, does not cross the placenta, and is safe for the fetus. However, the use of LMWH during pregnancy is sensitive to womens’ underlying preferences. The objective of this review is to systematically assess women’s values and preferences research evidence on this topic.Methods: We searched four electronic databases from inception to March 2022, and included studies examining values and preferences of using LMWH among pregnant women at risk of VTE. We followed a convergent integrated mixed-methods design to compare and contrast quantitative (utility and non-utility measures) and qualitative findings. We assessed the certainty of the values and preferences evidence with the GRADE approach for quantitative findings, and with GRADE-CERqual for qualitative evidence. Results were presented in a conjoint display.Results: We screened 3,393 references and identified seven eligible studies. The mixed methods analysis resulted in four themes. Datasets confirmed each other in that: 1) the majority of women consider that benefits of treatment outweigh the inconveniences of daily injections; and 2) main concerns around medication are safety and injections administration. Quantitative outcomes expanded on the qualitative findings in that: 3) participants who perceived a higher risk of VTE were more willing to take LMWH. Finally, we found a discrepancy between the datasets around: 4) the amount of information preferred to make the decision; however, qualitative data expanded to clarify that women prefer making informed decisions and receive support from their clinician in their decision-making process.Conclusions: We are moderately confident that in the context of pregnancy, using LMWH is preferred by women given its net beneficial balance. Integrating data from different sources of evidence, and representing them in a jointly manner helps to identify patient’s values and preferences. Our results may inform clinical practice guidelines and support shared decision-making process in the clinical encounter for the management of VTE in the context of pregnancy.
A real-world pharmacovigilance study of FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) events for Niraparib
Authors: Guo Menglin , Shu Yamin , Chen Guosong , Li Juan , Li Feie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Niraparib was approved for the treatment of platinum-sensitive recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer, fallopian tube and primary peritoneal cancer. The authors retrospectively investigated niraparib-related adverse events (AEs) through data mining of the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).
Methods
Four algorithms were employed to quantify the signals of niraparib associated AEs, using data from the FAERS between 2017 and 2021. MYSQL 8.0, Navicat Premium 15, Microsoft EXCEL 2019 and the GraphPad Prism 8 (GraphPad Software, CA, USA) were used to conduct statistical analysis.
Results
There are 7238157 reports collected from the FAERS database, of which 11701 reports listed niraparib as the ‘primary suspected (PS)’ drug. A total of 97 significant disproportionality PTs conforming to the four algorithms were simultaneously retained. Unexpected significant AEs such as neuropathy peripheral, photosensitivity reaction, gastrooesophageal reflux disease might also occur. The median onset time of niraparib-associated AEs was 18 days (interquartile range [IQR] 4–66 days), and most of the cases occurred within the first months after niraparib initiation. This indicated the need to actively identify and manage AEs during the early stages of niraparib treatment.
Conclusion
Analysis of FAERS data identified niraparib-associated AEs, which supported continuous clinical monitoring, risk evaluations, and further studies.
Relationship between Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) levels of periapical tissue fluid to the levels in in gingival crevicular fluid and serum: A pilot study
Authors: Tee Yin Suan , Ooi Poh Yee , Sultan Omer Sheriff , Rawal Swati Yeshwant , Tan Yen Yee , Soh Jue Ann , Davamani Fabian Amalraj 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective(s): This study evaluated the relationship between periapical interleukin-1β level with the levels of this inflammatory marker in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum after root canal instrumentation procedure. Materials and Methods: Samples were collected from the apical region of teeth, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum from 10 subjects with pulp necrosis and symptomatic apical periodontitis. IL-1β levels were measured using the BioLegend® Legend Max™ ELISA kit. The association between apical, gingival and serum IL-1β levels were analyzed using the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. Results: The mean concentrations of IL-1β from the apical region of teeth, GCF and serum, were 10.2912 pg/mL, 13.1748 pg/mL, and 13.6538 pg/mL, respectively. No significant correlation was observed between the levels of IL-1β in the periapical region of teeth, GCF and serum (P>0.05).Conclusion: It may be concluded that the inflammatory processes in the apical region of teeth may not influence the levels of inflammatory mediators in GCF or serum. Clinical Relevance: IL-1β has been known as a central mediator of periradicular and pulpal inflammation. This assessment is carried out to further understand the inflammatory process via chemokine expression in the apical, GCF and serum.
Exosome-derived miR-128 is decreased in Parkinson’s patient plasma that maintains synaptic integrity and protects against both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of neuronal apoptosis in models of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Bhattacharyya Pallabi , Biswas Atanu , Biswas Subhas C. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder resulting mainly from the death of dopaminergic neurons and a consequent reduction of dopamine levels in the mid-brain. Although itis the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the world, any effective cure or biomarkers for its early detection are not available till date. To address the issue, in this study we have focused on brain-enriched non-coding small RNAs called microRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression and may be released into the circulating body fluids packaged into membrane-bound extracellular micro-vesicles called exosomes. We identified a particular brain- and neuron-enriched miRNA, miR-128, which was significantly altered in the exosomes derived from the PD patient plasma. This observation was also substantiated by bioinformatics-based data. Furthermore, mechanistic studies on neurotoxin (6-OHDA) based in vitro models revealed an integral role of miR-128 in preventing activation of the transcription factor FoxO3a, thereby inhibiting both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis via down-regulating the pro-apoptotic proteins PUMA and FasL respectively. Known to be highly localized at the synapse, miR-128 was also instrumental in attenuating PD-associated dysregulation of synaptic proteins like PSD-95 and synaptophysin. Additionally, it helped to restore neurite lengths and mitochondrial health, thereby maintaining the overall integrity of neurons. Thus, our study depicts for the first time the mechanistic significance of the altered expression of brain-enriched miR-128 in the exosomes of PD patient plasma and we believe characterization of such exosomal brain-enriched miRNAs as miR-128, is the key to proper understanding, detection and diagnosis of degenerative brain disorders like PD.
CAPRIN1 P512L causes aberrant protein aggregation and associates with early-onset ataxia
Authors: Vedove Andrea Delle , Natarajan Janani , Zanni Ginevra , Eckenweiler Matthias , Bühl Anixa Muiños , Storbeck Markus , Boixet Jordina Guillén , Barresi Sabina , Pizzi Simone , Hölker Irmgard , Körber Friederike , Franzmann Titus Marcellus , Bertini Enrico Silvio , Kirschner Janbernd , Alberti Simon , Tartaglia Marco , Wirth Brunhilde 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
CAPRIN1 is a ubiquitously expressed protein, abundant in the brain, where it regulates the transport and translation of mRNAs of genes involved in synaptic plasticity. Here we describe two unrelated children, who developed early-onset ataxia, dysarthria, cognitive decline and muscular weakness. Trio exome sequencing unraveled the identical de novo c.1535C>T (p.Pro512Leu) missense variant in CAPRIN1, affecting a highly conserved residue. In silico analyses predict an increased aggregation propensity of the mutated protein. Indeed, overexpressed CAPRIN1P512L forms insoluble ubiquitinated aggregates, sequestrating proteins associated with neurodegenerative disorders (ATXN2, GEMIN5, SNRNP200 and SNCA). Moreover, the CAPRIN1P512L mutation in isogenic iPSC-derived cortical neurons causes reduced neuronal activity and altered stress granule dynamics. Furthermore, nano-differential scanning fluorimetry reveals that CAPRIN1P512L aggregation is strongly enhanced by RNA in vitro. These findings associate the gain-of-function Pro512Leu mutation to early-onset ataxia and neurodegeneration, unveiling a critical residue of CAPRIN1 and a key role of RNA-protein interactions.
Typologies of women’s abortion trajectories in Burkina Faso: findings from qualitative study
Authors: Bazié Fiacre , Thomas Haley L. , Byrne Meagan E. , Kindo Boukary , Bell Suzanne O. , Moreau Caroline 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Abortion is a legally restricted, yet common reproductive life event among women in Burkina Faso; however, women’s abortion experiences vary greatly depending on their social and economic capital, partner involvement, and level of knowledge. Using qualitative data collected from women who reported a recent abortion experience, we used a process of typological construction to classify women’s abortion care-seeking experiences across the lifecourse and social conditions. Methods: An initial quantitative survey among a nationally representative sample of women 15-49 years collected information on women’s induced abortion experiences. Women who reported an abortion in the last 10 years were asked if they agreed to participate in a subsequent in-depth interview (IDI) to learn more about their abortion experience. Twenty-five women were purposively sampled and completed an IDI. Using a process of typology construction, we identified attributes of the women’s condition at the time of abortion and aspects of her abortion experience, created a matrix of attributes and cases, and identified emerging relationships. Three types were identified through this process. Results: Twenty-three IDIs were analyzed and grouped into three types: abortion to delay childbearing in adolescence; abortion to space childbirth among women in union; abortion to avoid childbearing among single mothers. Two cases were identified as outliers. Cases were grouped based on the context of their pregnancy, the reason for the abortion and involved decision-makers, and their patterns of care-seeking, including methods and source used. Conclusions: Structural inequities related to gender and wealth were prominent forces shaping women’s abortion experiences. Comprehensive sexuality education coupled with community-based interventions to promote gender equitable relationships and address social stigma related to women’s sexuality could reduce reproductive coercion and unintended pregnancies.
Screening for lactic acid bacterial strains with potential as probiotics exhibiting anti-inflammatory and antioxidative characteristics in the gut-skin axis
Authors: Shin Min Jae , Lee Chul Sang , Kim Sae Hun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this study, the basic probiotic characteristics and functional properties of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were investigated using two in vitro models of inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and H2O2. Fifteen strains were prescreened out of 60 LAB candidates based on their radical scavenging activity to determine the antioxidant capacity of the strains. The top 15 candidates were further investigated to evaluate their survival rate under low pH and bile salt conditions that mimic the intestinal environment. Three strains, Lactobacillus brevis D70, Lactobacillus pentosus S16, and Lactobacillus fermentum MF10, were capable of scavenging free radicals and survived under artificial intestinal conditions. Therefore, Lact. brevis D70, Lact. pentosus S16, and Lact. fermentum MF10 were selected for further antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and mitochondrial activity examinations via cell models of inflammation and oxidative stress) Among the three strains, Lact. fermentum MF10 showed the highest anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities by downregulating the relative mRNA expression levels of inflammatory biomarkers induced by LPS and upregulating the gene expression levels of antioxidative mediators induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in both human HT-29 epithelial cells and human HaCaT keratinocytes. Lactobacillus fermentum MF10 was also capable of regulating mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), which plays a key role in the mitochondrial activity of HaCaT cells. As a result, Lact. fermentum MF10 showed the highest potential for probiotic properties and impacts the immune-related gut-skin axis by altering proinflammatory cytokines, antioxidative biomarkers, and MMP.