bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Archaeomagnetism in the Levant and Mesopotamia Reveals the Largest Changes in the Geomagnetic Field
Authors: Shaar Ron , Gallet Yves , Vaknin Yoav , Gonen Lilach , Martin Mario A. S. , Adams Matthew J. , Finkelstein Israel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOur understanding of geomagnetic field intensity prior to the era of direct instrumental measurements relies on paleointensity analysis of rocks and archaeological materials that serve as magnetic recorders. Only in rare cases are absolute paleointensity data sets continuous over millennial timescales, in sub‐centennial resolution, and directly dated using radiocarbon. As a result, fundamental properties of the geomagnetic field, such as its maximum intensity and rate of change have remained a subject of lively discussion. Here, we place firm constraints on these two quantities using Bayesian modeling of well‐dated archaeomagnetic intensity data from the Levant and Upper Mesopotamia. We report new data from 23 groups of pottery collected from 18 consecutive radiocarbon‐dated archaeological strata from Tel Megiddo, Israel. In the Near East, the period of 1700–550 BCE is represented by 84 groups of archaeological artifacts, 55 of which were dated using radiocarbon or a direct link to clear historically dated events, providing unprecedented sub‐century resolution. Moreover, stratigraphic relationships between samples collected from multi‐layered sites enable further refinement of the data ages. The Bayesian curve shows four geomagnetic spikes between 1050 and 600 BCE, with virtual axial dipole moment (VADM) reaching values of 155–162 ZAm2, much higher than any prediction from geomagnetic field models. Rates of change associated with the four spikes are ∼0.35–0.55 μT/year (∼0.7–1.1 ZAm2/year), at least twice the maximum rate inferred from direct observations spanning the past 180 years. The increase from 1750 to 1030 BCE (73–161 ZAm2) depicts the Holocene's largest change in field intensity.
Physical Controls on the Hydrology of Perennially Ice‐Covered Lakes, Taylor Valley, Antarctica (1996–2013)
Authors: Cross J. M. , Fountain A. G. , Hoffman M. J. , Obryk M. K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, are a polar desert populated with numerous closed‐watershed, perennially ice‐covered lakes primarily fed by glacial melt. Lake levels have varied by as much as 8 m since 1972 and are currently rising after a decade of decreasing. Precipitation falls as snow, so lake hydrology is dominated by energy available to melt glacier ice and to sublimate lake ice. To understand the energy and hydrologic controls on lake level changes and to explain the variability between neighboring lakes, only a few kilometers apart, we model the hydrology for the three largest lakes in Taylor Valley. We apply a physically based hydrological model that includes a surface energy balance model to estimate glacial melt and lake sublimation to constrain mass fluxes to and from the lakes. Results show that lake levels are very sensitive to small changes in glacier albedo, air temperature, and wind speed. We were able to balance the hydrologic budget in two watersheds using meltwater inflow and sublimation loss from the ice‐covered lake alone. A third watershed, closest to the coast, required additional inflow beyond model uncertainties. We hypothesize a shallow groundwater system within the active layer, fed by dispersed snow patches, contributes 23% of the inflow to this watershed. The lakes are out of equilibrium with the current climate. If the climate of our study period (1996–2013) persists into the future, the lakes will reach equilibrium starting in 2300, with levels 2–17 m higher, depending on the lake, relative to the 2020 level.
Saturated, Suffocated, and Salty: Human Legacies Produce Hot Spots of Nitrogen in Riparian Zones
Authors: Inamdar Shreeram P. , Peck Erin K. , Peipoch Marc , Gold Arthur J. , Sherman Melissa , Hripto Johanna , Groffman Peter M. , Trammell Tara L. E. , Merritts Dorothy J. , Addy Kelly , Lewis Evan , Walter Robert C. , Kan Jinjun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe compounding effects of anthropogenic legacies for environmental pollution are significant, but not well understood. Here, we show that centennial‐scale legacies of milldams and decadal‐scale legacies of road salt salinization interact in unexpected ways to produce hot spots of nitrogen (N) in riparian zones. Riparian groundwater and stream water concentrations upstream of two mid‐Atlantic (Pennsylvania and Delaware) milldams, 2.4 and 4 m tall, were sampled over a 2 year period. Clay and silt‐rich legacy sediments with low hydraulic conductivity, stagnant and poorly mixed hydrologic conditions, and persistent hypoxia in riparian sediments upstream of milldams produced a unique biogeochemical gradient with nitrate removal via denitrification at the upland riparian edge and ammonium‐N accumulation in near‐stream sediments and groundwaters. Riparian groundwater ammonium‐N concentrations upstream of the milldams ranged from 0.006 to 30.6 mgN L−1 while soil‐bound values were 0.11–456 mg kg−1. We attribute the elevated ammonium concentrations to ammonification with suppression of nitrification and/or dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA). Sodium inputs to riparian groundwater (25–1,504 mg L−1) from road salts may further enhance DNRA and ammonium production and displace sorbed soil ammonium‐N into groundwaters. This study suggests that legacies of milldams and road salts may undercut the N buffering capacity of riparian zones and need to be considered in riparian buffer assessments, watershed management plans, and dam removal decisions. Given the widespread existence of dams and other barriers and the ubiquitous use of road salt, the potential for this synergistic N pollution is significant.
Method of Distributions for Two‐Phase Flow in Heterogeneous Porous Media
Authors: Yang Hyung Jun , Tchelepi Hamdi A. , Tartakovsky Daniel M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMultiscale heterogeneity and insufficient characterization data for a specific subsurface formation of interest render predictions of multi‐phase fluid flow in geologic formations highly uncertain. Quantification of the uncertainty propagation from the geomodel to the fluid‐flow response is typically done within a probabilistic framework. This task is computationally demanding due to, for example, the slow convergence of Monte Carlo simulations (MCS), especially when computing the tails of a distribution that are necessary for risk assessment and decision‐making under uncertainty. The frozen streamlines method (FROST) accelerates probabilistic predictions of immiscible two‐phase fluid flow problems; however, FROST relies on MCS to compute the travel‐time distribution, which is then used to perform the transport (phase saturation) computations. To alleviate this computational bottleneck, we replace MCS with a deterministic equation for the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of travel time. The resulting CDF‐FROST approach yields the CDF of the saturation field without resorting to sampling‐based strategies. Our numerical experiments demonstrate the high accuracy of CDF‐FROST in computing the CDFs of both saturation and travel time. For the same accuracy, it is about 5 and 10 times faster than FROST and MCS, respectively.
Neuron devices: emerging prospects in neural interfaces and recognition
Authors: Wang Yang , Liu Shuangjie , Wang Hao , Zhao Yue , Zhang Xiao-Dong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNeuron interface devices can be used to explore the relationships between neuron firing and synaptic transmission, as well as to diagnose and treat neurological disorders, such as epilepsy and Alzheimer’s disease. It is crucial to exploit neuron devices with high sensitivity, high biocompatibility, multifunctional integration and high-speed data processing. During the past decades, researchers have made significant progress in neural electrodes, artificial sensory neuron devices, and neuromorphic optic neuron devices. The main part of the review is divided into two sections, providing an overview of recently developed neuron interface devices for recording electrophysiological signals, as well as applications in neuromodulation, simulating the human sensory system, and achieving memory and recognition. We mainly discussed the development, characteristics, functional mechanisms, and applications of neuron devices and elucidated several key points for clinical translation. The present review highlights the advances in neuron devices on brain-computer interfaces and neuroscience research.
Different probiotic strains alter human cord blood monocyte responses
Authors: Rückle Xenia , Rühle Jessica , Judd Leonie , Hebel Janine , Dietz Stefanie , Poets Christian F. , Gille Christian , Köstlin-Gille Natascha 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Probiotics have a protective effect on various diseases. In neonatology, they are predominantly used to prevent necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), a severe inflammatory disease of the neonatal intestine. The mechanisms by which probiotics act are diverse; little is known about their direct effect on neonatal immune cells.

Methods
In this study, we investigated the effect of probiotics on the functions of neonatal monocytes in an in vitro model using three different strains (Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR), Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) and Bifidobacterium bifidum (BB)) and mononuclear cells isolated from cord blood.

Results
We show that stimulation with LR induces proinflammatory effects in neonatal monocytes, such as increased expression of surface molecules involved in monocyte activation, increased production of pro-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Similar effects were observed when monocytes were stimulated simultaneously with LPS. Stimulation with LA and BB alone or in combination also induced cytokine production in monocytes, with BB showing the least effects.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that probiotics increase the defence functions of neonatal monocytes and thus possibly favourably influence the newborn’s ability to fight infections.

Impact

Probiotics induce a proinflammatory response in neonatal monocytes in vitro.

This is a previously unknown mechanism of how probiotics modulate the immune response of newborns.

Probiotic application to neonates may increase their ability to fight off infections.
Reliability and validity of Foot Posture Index (FPI-6) for evaluating foot posture in participants with low back pain
Authors: Yang Jiaman , Ou Zhiwen , Mao Zhitao , Wang Yi , Zhong Yiheng , Dong Wei , Shen Zhen , Chen Zehua 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated that Foot Posture Index (FPI-6) is a valid and moderately reliable tool to evaluate foot posture. However, data about reliability and validity of FPI-6 in the assessment of foot posture in people with low back pain (LBP) is lacking. To investigate reliability and validity of FPI-6 in the assessment of foot posture in people with LBP. Thirty volunteers with LBP, aged 20–64 years, were recruited for the research and assessed by two raters. The data measured by different raters on the same day were used to calculate the inter-rater reliability. The data measured by the same rater on different dates were used to calculate the test–retest reliability. The reliability of FPI-6 was tested with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and absolute reliability with standard error of measurement (SEM), minimal detectable change (MDC) and Bland–Altman analysis. The validity of FPI-6 was tested with Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Spearman's correlation coefficients. The FPI-6 indicated excellent inter-rater and test–retest reliability in the evaluation of foot posture in people with LBP (ICC = 0.97 and 0.95). The agreement for inter-rater and test–retest was excellent based on the SEM (SEM = 0.12) and MDC value (MDC = 0.33). Bland–Altman plots showed that there was no significant systematic bias for the agreement on the ground of low mean difference (< 1). The EFA suggested that the fit indices were considered acceptable according to the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) value (KMO = 0.620) and Bartlett's sphericity test (P < 0.01). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between each item and total score of FPI-6 because the Spearman’s correlation coefficient of six items were all > 0.3 (P < 0.01). The inter-rater and test–retest reliability and validity of FPI-6 on people with LBP were proved reliable. It might be considered a reliable and valid adjunctive tool to detect possible changes of foot posture after interventions in patients with LBP.
A novel time-lapse imaging method for studying developing bacterial biofilms
Authors: Futo Momir , Široki Tin , Koska Sara , Čorak Nina , Tušar Anja , Domazet-Lošo Mirjana , Domazet-Lošo Tomislav 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn nature, bacteria prevailingly reside in the form of biofilms. These elaborately organized surface-bound assemblages of bacterial cells show numerous features of multicellular organization. We recently showed that biofilm growth is a true developmental process, which resembles developmental processes in multicellular eukaryotes. To study the biofilm growth in a fashion of eukaryotic ontogeny, it is essential to define dynamics and critical transitional phases of this process. The first step in this endeavor is to record the gross morphological changes of biofilm ontogeny under standardized conditions. This visual information is instrumental in guiding the sampling strategy for the later omics analyses of biofilm ontogeny. However, none of the currently available visualizations methods is specifically tailored for recording gross morphology across the whole biofilm development. To address this void, here we present an affordable Arduino-based approach for time-lapse visualization of complete biofilm ontogeny using bright field stereomicroscopy with episcopic illumination. The major challenge in recording biofilm development on the air–solid interphase is water condensation, which compromises filming directly through the lid of a Petri dish. To overcome these trade-offs, we developed an Arduino microcontroller setup which synchronizes a robotic arm, responsible for opening and closing the Petri dish lid, with the activity of a stereomicroscope-mounted camera and lighting conditions. We placed this setup into a microbiological incubator that maintains temperature and humidity during the biofilm growth. As a proof-of-principle, we recorded biofilm development of five Bacillus subtilis strains that show different morphological and developmental dynamics.
Location of mechanically-evoked referred sensations within the trigeminal region are not altered following a heterotopic painful stimulus
Authors: Exposto Fernando G. , Huang Miranda , Haasnoot Talita , Koutris Michail , Lobbezoo Frank , Bendixen Karina H. , Svensson Peter 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo investigate whether the location, area and frequency of referred sensations occurring during palpation of the masseter muscle can be influenced by application of a conditioning painful stimulus to the temporalis muscle. Thirty healthy participants were included in this cross-over study, performed in two sessions with > 48 h in between. At each session, palpation of the masseter muscle was performed before and after 0.2 ml of glutamate (1 mol/L) or isotonic saline (control) were injected into the anterior portion of the temporalis muscle. Palpation of the masseter muscle was done using four different forces (0.5 kg, 1 kg, 2 kg and 4 kg). Participants rated the perceived intensity of the palpation and any referred sensations on a 0–50–100 numeric rating scale, the perceived pain intensity following the injections on an electronic visual analogue scale and drew any referred sensations they experienced. No difference in referred sensations location, area and frequency was shown r during palpation either before or after injections (P > 0.05). A moderate correlation was found between perceived sensation scores and referred sensations intensity for the temporalis muscle following glutamate injection (r = 0.407, P < 0.05). Moreover, significantly more participants reported referred sensations for glutamate injections into the temporalis muscle when compared to isotonic saline (P < 0.05). Finally, a significant decrease in the perceived intensity of palpation of the masseter muscle was seen after glutamate injection in the temporalis muscle (P < 0.05). In the current study, location, area and frequency of referred sensations following mechanical stimulation of the masseter muscle were not altered by the application of a painful stimulus to the temporalis muscle. In addition, there seems to be a positive relationship between painful stimuli and referred sensations frequency and intensity elicited from the temporalis muscle.
Potential in vitro anti-periodontopathogenic, anti-Chikungunya activities and in vivo toxicity of Brazilian red propolis
Authors: Silva Nagela Bernadelli Sousa , de Souza Jonathan Henrique , Santiago Mariana Brentini , da Silva Aguiar Jhennyfer Rodrigues , Martins Daniel Oliveira Silva , da Silva Rafael Alves , de Andrade Santos Igor , Aldana-Mejía Jennyfer A. , Jardim Ana Carolina Gomes , dos Santos Pedroso Reginaldo , Ambrósio Sergio Ricardo , Veneziani Rodrigo Cássio Sola , Bastos Jairo Kenupp , Pires Regina Helena , Martins Carlos Henrique Gomes 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBacterial and viral infections are serious public health issue. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial, antibiofilm and antiviral potential of the Brazilian Red Propolis (BRP) crude hydroalcoholic extract, fractions, and isolated compounds, as well as their in vivo toxicity. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and the antibiofilm activity by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Biofilm (MICB50). The viable bacteria count (Log10 UFC/mL) was also obtained. The antiviral assays were performed by infecting BHK-21 cells with Chikungunya (CHIKV) nanoluc. The toxicity of the BRP was evaluated in the Caenorhabditis elegans animal model. The MIC values for the crude hydroalcoholic extract sample ranged from 3.12 to 100 μg/mL, while fractions and isolated compounds the MIC values ranged from 1.56 to 400 μg/mL.The BRP crude hydroalcoholic extract, oblongifolin B, and gutiferone E presented MICB50 values ranging from 1.56 to 100 μg/mL against monospecies and multispecies biofilms. Neovestitol and vestitol inhibited CHIKV infection by 93.5 and 96.7%, respectively. The tests to evaluate toxicity in C. elegans demonstrated that the BRP was not toxic below the concentrations 750 μg/mL. The results constitute an alternative approach for treating various infectious diseases.
Replicative bypass studies of l-deoxyribonucleosides in Vitro and in E. coli cell
Authors: Kan Yuhe , Jin Zhaoyang , Ke Yongqi , Lin Dao , Yan Liang , Wu Li , He Yujian 
Published: December 2022

Abstractl-nucleosides were the most important antiviral lead compounds because they can inhibit viral DNA polymerase and DNA synthesis of many viruses, whereas they may lead to mutations in DNA replication and cause genomic instability. In this study, we reported the replicative bypass of l-deoxynucleosides in recombinant DNA by restriction enzyme–mediated assays to examine their impact on DNA replication in vitro and in E. coli cells. The results showed that a template l-dC inhibited Taq DNA polymerase reaction, whereas it can be bypassed by Vent (exo-) DNA polymerase as well as in cell replication, inserting correct nucleotides opposite l-dC. l-dG can be bypassed by Taq DNA polymerase and in E. coli cells, maintaining insertion of correct incoming nucleotides, and l-dG induced mutagenic replication by Vent (exo-) DNA polymerase. In contrast, l-dA can induced mutagenic replication in vitro and in E. coli cells. MD simulations were performed to investigate how DNA polymerase affected replicative bypass and mutations when d-nucleosides replaced with l-nucleosides. This study will provide a basis for the ability to assess the cytotoxic and mutagenic properties of the l-nucleoside drugs.
SnO2@ZnO nanocomposites doped polyaniline polymer for high performance of HTM-free perovskite solar cells and carbon-based
Authors: Arjmand Faezeh , Golshani Zahra , Maghsoudi Shahab , Naeimi Atena , Fatemi S. Jamiladin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHerein, at first, green SnO2@ZnO nanocomposites were synthesized using Calotropis plant extract as an electron transfer material (ETM) to fabricate low-temperature-processed perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Then, the polyaniline (PANI) polymer was applied as an efficient additive to improve perovskite film quality. Under the effects of the small content of PANI additive, the quality of perovskite films is enhanced, which showed higher crystallinity in (110) crystal plane; also, the perovskite grains were found to be enlarged from 342 to 588 nm. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the prepared PSCs with SnO2@ZnO.PANI nanocomposites electron transfer layer (ETL) increased by 3.12%, compared with the PCE of SnO2@ZnO nanocomposites. The perovskite devices using SnO2@ZnO.PANI nanocomposites ETL have shown good stability during 480 h of tests. Furthermore, the optimal PSCs were fabricated by the mp-TiO2/SnO2@ZnO.PANI nanocomposites as ETL, which has a power conversion efficiency of 15.45%. We expect that these results will boost the development of low-temperature ETL, which is essential for the commercializing of high-performance, stable, and flexible perovskite solar cells.