bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 in French nursing homes during the second pandemic wave: a mixed-methods cross-sectional study
Authors: Dujmovic Morgane , Roederer Thomas , Frison Severine , Melki Carla , Lauvin Thomas , Grellety Emmanuel 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionFrench nursing homes were deeply affected by the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, with 38% of all residents infected and 5% dying. Yet, little was done to prepare these facilities for the second pandemic wave, and subsequent outbreak response strategies largely duplicated what had been done in the spring of 2020, regardless of the unique needs of the care home environment.MethodsA cross-sectional, mixed-methods study using a retrospective, quantitative data from residents of 14 nursing homes between November 2020 and mid-January 2021. Four facilities were purposively selected as qualitative study sites for additional in-person, in-depth interviews in January and February 2021.ResultsThe average attack rate in the 14 participating nursing facilities was 39% among staff and 61% among residents. One-fifth (20) of infected residents ultimately died from COVID-19 and its complications. Failure to thrive syndrome (FTTS) was diagnosed in 23% of COVID-19-positive residents. Those at highest risk of death were men (HR=1.78; 95% CI: 1.18 to 2.70; p=0.006), with FTTS (HR=4.04; 95% CI: 1.93 to 8.48; p<0.001) or in facilities with delayed implementation of universal FFP2 masking policies (HR=1.05; 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.07; p<0.001). The lowest mortality was found in residents of facilities with a partial (HR=0.30; 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.51; p<0.001) or full-time physician on staff (HR=0.20; 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.53; p=0.001). Significant themes emerging from qualitative analysis centred on (1) the structural, chronic neglect of nursing homes, (2) the negative effects of the top-down, bureaucratic nature of COVID-19 crisis response, and (3) the counterproductive effects of lockdowns on both residents and staff.ConclusionDespite high resident mortality during the first pandemic wave, French nursing homes were ill-prepared for the second, with risk factors (especially staffing, lack of medical support, isolation/quarantine policy, etc) that affected case fatality and residents’ and caregivers’ overall well-being and mental health.
Effect of intensive care unit-specific virtual reality (ICU-VR) to improve psychological well-being in ICU survivors: study protocol for an international, multicentre, randomised controlled trial—the HORIZON-IC study
Authors: Vlake Johan Hendrik , van Bommel Jasper , Wils Evert-Jan , Korevaar Tim IM , Taccone Fabio , Schut Anna FC , Elderman Jan H , Labout Joost AM , Raben Adrienne MTJ , Dijkstra Annemieke , Achterberg Sefanja , Jurriens Amber L , Van Mol Margo MC , Gommers Diederik , Van Genderen Michel E 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionA substantial proportion of intensive care unit (ICU) survivors develop psychological impairments after ICU treatment, part of the postintensive care syndrome, resulting in a decreased quality of life. Recent data suggest that an ICU-specific virtual reality intervention (ICU-VR) for post-ICU patients is feasible and safe, improves satisfaction with ICU aftercare, and might improve psychological sequelae. In the present trial, we firstly aim to determine whether ICU-VR is effective in mitigating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-related symptoms and secondly to determine the optimal timing for initiation with ICU-VR.Methods and analysisThis international, multicentre, randomised controlled trial will be conducted in 10 hospitals. Between December 2021 and April 2023, we aim to include 300 patients who have been admitted to the ICU ≥72 hours and were mechanically ventilated ≥24 hours. Patients will be followed for 12 consecutive months. Patients will be randomised in a 1:1:1 ratio to the early ICU-VR group, the late ICU-VR group, or the usual care group. All patients will receive usual care, including a mandatory ICU follow-up clinic visit 3 months after ICU discharge. Patients in the early ICU-VR group will receive ICU-VR within 2 weeks after ICU discharge. Patients in the late VR group will receive ICU-VR during the post-ICU follow-up visit. The primary objective is to assess the effect of ICU-VR on PTSD-related symptoms. Secondary objectives are to determine optimal timing for ICU-VR, to assess the effects on anxiety-related and depression-related symptoms and health-related quality of life, and to assess patient satisfaction with ICU aftercare and perspectives on ICU-VR.Ethics and disseminationThe Medical Ethics Committee United, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands, approved this study and local approval was obtained from each participating centre (NL78555.100.21). Our findings will be disseminated by presentation of the results at (inter)national conferences and publication in scientific, peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNL9812.
Impact of prolonged isolation on adolescents with drug-susceptible tuberculosis in Lima, Peru: a qualitative study
Authors: Oliva Rapoport Victoria Elena , Altamirano Elmer , Senador Liz , Wong Milagros , Beckhorn Catherine B , Coit Julia , Roche Stephanie D , Lecca Leonid , Galea Jerome T , Chiang Silvia S 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesPatients with tuberculosis (TB) generally are instructed to isolate at the beginning of treatment in order to prevent disease transmission. The duration of isolation varies and may be prolonged (ie, lasting 1 month or more). Few studies have examined the impact of isolation during TB treatment on adolescents, who may be more vulnerable to its negative effects.MethodsThis study took place from 2018 through 2019 in Lima, Peru, where the Ministry of Health mandates the exclusion of patients with TB from educational institutions for at least 2 months. Using semi-structured guides, we conducted individual in-depth interviews with adolescents who received treatment for drug-susceptible TB, their primary caregivers and health providers. We performed thematic analysis of the transcribed interviews.ResultsWe interviewed 85 participants: 34 adolescents, 36 caregivers and 15 healthcare workers. At the time of their TB diagnoses, 28 adolescents were in secondary, postsecondary, vocational or military school. Adolescents with drug-susceptible TB were prescribed home isolation usually for 2 (and occasionally for 1) months. Consequently, they could neither attend school nor socialise with family members or friends. Two primary themes emerged from the interviews. First, as a result of their exclusion from school, most adolescents fell behind academically and had to repeat a semester or academic year. Second, absence from school, separation from friends and loved ones, and reinforcement of TB-related stigma (arising from fear of TB transmission) harmed adolescents’ mental health.ConclusionProlonged isolation led to educational setbacks and emotional trauma among adolescents with TB. Prolonged isolation is not supported by current evidence on TB transmission and is problematic from a human rights perspective, as it violates adolescents’ rights to education and freedom of movement. Isolation recommendations should be re-evaluated to align with data on TB transmission and the principles of patient-centred care.
Police officers’ work–life balance, job satisfaction and quality of life: longitudinal effects after changing the shift schedule
Authors: Rohwer Elisabeth , Velasco Garrido Marcial , Herold Robert , Preisser Alexandra Marita , Terschüren Claudia , Harth Volker , Mache Stefanie 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesTo evaluate mental health-related outcomes of police officers 5.5 years after implementing a new alternating shift schedule which was supposed to improve their health and work–life balance.DesignPre–post study design with a baseline survey at the beginning of the piloting of the new shift schedule in 2015 and another survey 5.5 years later in 2020.SettingPolice departments of a German metropolitan police force piloting the new shift schedule.Participants116 shift-working police officers out of a population of 1673 police officers at the follow-up date.InterventionsNew shift schedule based on occupational health recommendations.Outcomes measuresWork–life balance, job satisfaction and quality of life.MethodsMixed analyses of variances were used to test the hypotheses of within-subject and between-subject differences regarding time and gender.ResultsWe found partly significant differences between the baseline and follow-up survey for work–life balance (F(1, 114) = 6.168, p=0.014, ηp² = 0.051), job satisfaction (F(1, 114) = 9.921, p=0.002, ηp² = 0.080) and quality of life (F(1, 114) = 0.593, p=0.443, ηp² = 0.005). Neither significant differences between male and female police officers nor interaction effects of time and gender were found.ConclusionAn increase was found for each of the three outcomes 5.5 years after implementing the new shift schedule. The results contribute to the current state of research on mental health-related outcomes of working conditions in shift work. On this basis, recommendations for designing shift schedules can be deduced to promote mental health and job satisfaction for employees in shift work.
What are the characteristics of excellent physicians and residents in the clinical workplace? A systematic review
Authors: Khawar Abdullah , Frederiks Femke , Nasori Mana , Mak Marianne , Visser Mechteld , van Etten-Jamaludin Faridi , Diemers Agnes , Van Dijk Nynke 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesIn order to recognise and facilitate the development of excellent medical doctors (physicians and residents), it is important to first identify the characteristics of excellence. Failure to recognising excellence causes loss of talent, loss of role models and it lowers work ethos. This causes less than excellent patient care and lack of commitment to improve the healthcare system.DesignSystematic review performed according to the Association for Medical Education in Europe guideline.Information sourcesWe searched Medline, Embase, Psycinfo, ERIC and CINAHL until 14 March 2022.Eligibility criteriaWe included original studies describing characteristics of excellent medical doctors, using a broad approach as to what is considered excellence. Assuming that excellence will be viewed differently depending on the interplay, and that different perspectives (peers, supervisors and patients) will add to a complete picture of the excellent medical doctor, we did not limit this review to a specific perspective.Data extraction and synthesisData extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two researchers. We used the Quality Assessment Tool for Different Designs for quality assessment.ResultsEleven articles were eligible and described the characteristics from different perspectives: (1) physicians on physicians, (2) physicians on residents, (3) patients on physicians and (4) mixed group (diverse sample of participants on physicians). The included studies showed a wide range of characteristics, which could be grouped into competencies (communication, professionalism and knowledge), motivation (directed to learning and to patient care) and personality (flexibility, empathy).ConclusionsIn order to define excellence of medical doctors three clusters seem important: competence, motivation and personality. This is in line with Renzulli’s model of gifted behaviour. Our work adds to this model by specifying the content of these clusters, and as such provides a basis for definition and recognition of medical excellence.
The Australian and New Zealand Fontan Registry Quality of Life Study: Protocol for a population-based assessment of quality of life among people with a Fontan circulation, their parents, and siblings
Authors: Marshall Kate H , d’Udekem Yves , Winlaw David S , Dalziel Kim , Woolfenden Susan R , Zannino Diana , Costa Daniel S J , Bishop Rachel , Celermajer David S , Sholler Gary F , Kasparian Nadine A 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAdvances in the care of patients with single-ventricle congenital heart disease have led to a new generation of individuals living with a Fontan circulation. For people with Fontan physiology, physical, psychological and neurodevelopmental challenges are common. The objective of this study is to describe and develop a deeper understanding of the factors that contribute to quality of life (QOL) among children, adolescents and adults living with a Fontan circulation across Australia and New Zealand, their parents and siblings.Methods and AnalysisThis article presents the protocol for the Australian and New Zealand Fontan Registry (ANZFR) QOL Study, a cross-sectional, population-based study designed to examine QOL among people of all ages with a Fontan circulation, their parents and siblings. Study eligibility criteria includes (1) individuals with a Fontan circulation aged ≥6 years, at least 12 months post-Fontan procedure and enrolled in the ANZFR; (2) parents of individuals enrolled in the ANZFR; and (3) siblings aged ≥6 years of an individual enrolled in the ANZFR. A novel, online research platform is used to distribute personalised assessments tailored to participant age and developmental stage. A suite of validated psychometric self-report and parent-proxy report instruments capture potential correlates and predictors of QOL, including symptoms of psychological distress, personality attributes, coping and cognitive appraisals, family functioning, healthcare experiences and costs, access to emotional support and socioeconomic factors. Clinical characteristics are captured via self-report and parent-proxy report, as well as the ANZFR. Descriptive analyses and multilevel models will be used to examine QOL across groups and to investigate potential explanatory variables.Ethics and DisseminationApproval has been obtained from all relevant Human Research Ethics Committees (HRECs), including the Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network and the Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne HRECs. Study findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international meetings and seminars.
Relationship between hyperglycaemia at admission and prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Linlin , Qian Jun , Yan Wenwen , Liu Xuebo , Zhao Ya , Che Lin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
The optimal threshold of hyperglycaemia at admission for identifying high-risk individuals in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and its impact on clinical prognosis are still unclear.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 2027 patients with AMI admitted from June 2001 to December 2012 in the ‘Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III’ database. The significant cut-off values of admission blood glucose (Glucose_0) for predicting hospital mortality in patients with AMI with and without diabetes were obtained from the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, then patients were assigned to hyperglycaemia and non-hyperglycaemia groups based on corresponding cut-off values. The primary endpoints were the hospital and 1-year mortality.

Results
Among 2027 patients, death occurred in 311 patients (15.3%). According to the ROC curve, the significant cut-off values of Glucose_0 to predict hospital mortality were 224.5 and 139.5 mg/dL in patients with diabetes and without diabetes, respectively. The crude hospital and 1-year mortality of the hyperglycaemia subgroup were higher than the corresponding non-hyperglycaemia group (p&lt; 0.01). After adjustment, regardless of the state of diabetes, hyperglycaemia at admission was related to significantly increased hospital mortality in patients with AMI. For patients with AMI without diabetes, hyperglycaemia at admission was positively correlated with the increase of 1-year mortality (HR, 1.47; 95% CI 1.18 to 1.82; p=0.001). Nevertheless, this trend disappeared in those with diabetes (HR, 1.35; 95% CI 0.93 to 1.95; p=0.113).

Conclusion
Hyperglycaemia at admission was an independent predictor for mortality during hospitalisation and at 1-year in patients with AMI, especially in patients without diabetes.
Monitoring real-time junior doctor sentiment from comments on a public social media platform: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Sirkis Tamir , Maitland Stuart 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate whether sentiment analysis and topic modelling can be used to monitor the sentiment and opinions of junior doctors.

Design
Retrospective observational study based on comments on a social media website.

Setting
Every publicly available comment in r/JuniorDoctorsUK on Reddit from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2021.

Participants
7707 Reddit users who commented in the r/JuniorDoctorsUK subreddit.

Main outcome measure
Sentiment (scored −1 to +1) of comments compared with results of surveys conducted by the General Medical Council.

Results
Average comment sentiment was positive but varied significantly during the study period. Fourteen topics of discussion were identified, each associated with a different pattern of sentiment. The topic with the highest proportion of negative comments was the role of a doctor (38%), and the topic with the most positive sentiment was hospital reviews (72%).

Conclusion
Some topics discussed in social media are comparable to those queried in traditional questionnaires, whereas other topics are distinctive and offer insight into what themes junior doctors care about. Events during the coronavirus pandemic may explain the sentiment trends in the junior doctor community. Natural language processing shows significant potential in generating insights into junior doctors’ opinions and sentiment.
Poliovirus returns to the UK after nearly 40 years: current efforts and future recommendations
Authors: Uwishema Olivier , Eneh Stanley Chinedu , El Jurdi Elissa , Olanrewaju Omotayo Faith , Abbass Zahraa , Jolayemi Mubarak Mustapha , Mina Nour , Kseiry Lea , Adanur Irem , Onyeaka Helen , Wellington FGMS Jack 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOn 22 June 2022, the UK Health Security Agency declared a ‘rare national incidence’ after finding poliovirus in sewage in London for the first time in nearly 40 years. Although no cases of the disease or accompanying paralysis have been documented, the general public's risk is considered minimal. However, public health experts recommend that families are up to date on their polio vaccines to decrease the chance of harm. This article discusses the epidemiology of poliovirus by examining the aetiology of the disease and current mitigation policies implemented to prevent the spread of type 2 vaccine-deceived poliovirus in the UK. Finally, by examining the clinical features of polio, which range from mild gastroenteritis episodes, respiratory sickness, malaise and severe paralysis type, this article offers an advice on particular therapies and tactics to avoid poliovirus outbreaks and other future outbreaks.
Plasma miR-151-3p as a Candidate Diagnostic Biomarker for Head and Neck Cancer: A Cross-sectional Study within the INHANCE Consortium
Authors: Pastorino Roberta , Sassano Michele , Danilo Tiziano Francesco , Giraldi Luca , Amore Rosarita , Arzani Dario , Abiusi Emanuela , Ahrens Wolfgang , Vilches Laia Alemany , Canova Cristina , Healy Claire Mary , Holcatova Ivana , Lagiou Pagona , Polesel Jerry , Popovic Maja , Nygård Ståle , Cadoni Gabriella , Znaor Ariana , Boffetta Paolo , Matsuo Keitaro , Oze Isao , Brennan Paul , Boccia Stefania 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background:
Identification of screening tests for the detection of head and neck cancer (HNC) at an early stage is an important strategy to improving prognosis. Our objective was to identify plasma circulating miRNAs for the diagnosis of HNC (oral and laryngeal subsites), within a multicenter International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology consortium.

Methods:
A high-throughput screening phase with 754 miRNAs was performed in plasma samples of 88 cases and 88 controls, followed by a validation phase of the differentially expressed miRNAs, identified in the screening, in samples of 396 cases and 396 controls. Comparison of the fold changes (FC) was carried out using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and the Dunn multiple comparison test.

Results:
We identified miR-151-3p (FC = 1.73, P = 0.007) as differentially expressed miRNAs in the screening and validation phase. The miR-151-3p was the only overexpressed miRNA in validation sample of patients with HNC with early stage at diagnosis (FC = 1.81, P = 0.008) and it was confirmed upregulated both in smoker early-stage cases (FC = 3.52, P = 0.024) and in nonsmoker early-stage cases (FC = 1.60, P = 0.025) compared with controls.

Conclusions:
We identified miR-151-3p as an early marker of HNC. This miRNA was the only upregulated in patients at early stages of the disease, independently of the smoking status.

Impact:
The prognosis for HNC is still poor. The discovery of a new diagnostic biomarker could lead to an earlier tumor discovery and therefore to an improvement in patient prognosis.
Tumor Mutational Burden by Whole-Genome Sequencing in Resected NSCLC of Never Smokers
Authors: Ruel Louis-Jacques , Li Zhonglin , Gaudreault Nathalie , Henry Cyndi , Saavedra Armero Victoria , Boudreau Dominique K. , Zhang Tongwu , Landi Maria Teresa , Labbé Catherine , Couture Christian , Desmeules Patrice , Joubert Philippe , Bossé Yohan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground:Data are scarce about tumor mutational burden (TMB) as a biomarker in never smokers with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods:TMB was assessed by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and compared with in silico reduced whole-exome sequencing (WES) and targeted commercial next-generation sequencing (NGS) gene panels in 92 paired tumor-normal samples from never smokers who underwent NSCLC resection with curative intent. Analyses were performed to test for association with survival after surgery and to identify the optimal prognostic TMB cutoff.Results:Tumors of never smokers with NSCLC had low TMB scores (median 1.57 mutations/Mb; range, 0.13–17.94). A TMB cutoff of 1.70 mutations/Mb was associated with a 5-year overall survival of 58% in the high-TMB (42% of cases) compared with 86% in low-TMB patients (Wald P = 0.0029). TMB scores from WGS and WES were highly correlated (Spearman ρ = 0.93, P &lt; 2.2e−16). TMB scores from NGS panels demonstrated high intraindividual fluctuations and identified high-TMB patients with 65% concordance in average compared with WGS.Conclusions:In resected NSCLC of never smokers, high TMB was associated with worse prognosis. WES provided a good estimate of TMB while targeted NGS panels seem to lack adequate depth and resolution in the setting of low mutation burden.Impact:TMB is a prognostic indicator of survival in resected NSCLC from individuals who never smoked. In this setting of low mutation counts, TMB can be accurately measured by WGS or WES, but not NGS panels.