bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fungicide dissipation kinetics and dietary exposure risk assessment in squash fruit and leaf
Authors: An Dai , Ko Rakdo , Kim Jinchan , Lee Kwanghun , Lee Jiho 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Dissipation behavior and dietary exposure risk assessment of four pesticides (dimethomorph, mandipropamid, myclobutanil, and metalaxyl) were studied in fruits and leaves of squash grown under greenhouse conditions. Squash fruit and leaf samples were collected randomly at 0, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days after the last pesticide application. The analytical method was set up using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method (QuEChERS) was performed for sample preparation. Recovery rates at two spiked levels (0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg) were in the range of 76.4–101.9% for the analyzed pesticides and their relative standard deviations were ≤ 4%.Pesticide half-lives were 2.1 and 4.9 days for dimethomorph, 4.6 and 8.1 days for mandipropamid, 4.7 and 8.2 days for myclobutanil, and 2.7 and 5 days for metalaxyl in squash fruit and leaf, respectively. Regarding total surveyors, hazard quotient values for squash fruit and leaf were ≤ 1.03 × 10− 3and ≤ 2.39 × 10− 3, respectively. These values in the case of true consumers were ≤ 3.14 × 10− 3and ≤ 3.91 × 10− 1, respectively.
Structural Finite Element Model Updating Considering Soil- Structure Interaction Using Ls-dyna in Loop
Authors: Park Gun , Jung Jongwon , Yoon Hyungchul 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this study, a finite element model updating method which can consider soil-structure interaction was developed to analyze the effect of soil properties on the structural response while considering interaction between the soil and the structure. Additionally, LS-DYNA, a commercial finite element program, was included in the loop of the proposed technique using MATLAB to conveniently utilize the complex structures updated by the model. To validate the performance of the proposed method, a large-scale shake table test was conducted. The objective of the validation test was to seek how accurately the proposed model updating method can detect the change in the stiffness. To compare the result of the proposed method with the conventional method, the model updating procedure was conducted with and without considering soil-structure interaction. The proposed finite element model updating method which considers the soil-structure interaction estimated the stiffness of the structure with maximum accuracy of 91%, while the conventional finite element model updating without considering the soil-structure interaction showed maximum accuracy of 88%. By comparing the proposed method with the conventional method without considering the soil-structure interaction, it was confirmed that the proposed method had an 3% higher accuracy on average.
High-order Compact Gas-kinetic Schemes for Three-dimensional Flow Simulation on Tetrahedral Mesh
Authors: Zhao Fengxiang , Ji Xing , Shyy Wei , Xu Kun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A general framework for the development of high-order compact schemes has been proposed recently. The core steps of the schemes are composed of the following. 1). Based on a kinetic model equation, from a generalized initial distribution of flow variables construct a timeaccurate evolution solution of gas distribution function at a cell interface ; 2). Introduce the WENO-type weighting functions into the timederivative of the cell interface flux function in the multistage multiderivative time stepping scheme to cope with the possible impingement of a shock wave on a cell interface within a time step; 3). Take moments of interface gas distribution function to obtain the time-accurate flow variables and the corresponding fluxes at the cell interface, and update the cell-averaged flow variables and their gradients inside each control volume; 4). Within the physical domain of dependence of the reconstructed cell, based on the cell-averaged flow variables and their gradients develop compact initial data reconstruction to get initial flow distributions at the beginning of next time step. A compact gas-kinetic scheme (GKS) up to sixth-order accuracy in space and fourth-order in time has been constructed on 2D unstructured mesh before. In this paper, the compact GKS up to fourth-order accuracy on 3D tetrahedral mesh will be further constructed with the focus on the WENO-type initial data reconstruction. Nonlinear weights are designed to achieve high-order accuracy for the smooth Navier-Stokes solution and keep super robustness in 3D computation with strong shock interactions. The fourth-order compact GKS can use a large time step with CFL number 0.6 in the simulations from subsonic to hypersonic flow. A series of test cases are used to validate the scheme. The high-order compact GKS is ready for 3D applications with complex geometry.
Spatiotemporal Changes in Hourly Wet Bulb Globe Temperature in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Houmsi Mohamad Rajab , Ismail Zulhilmi , Othman Khairanis , Ishak Daeng Siti Maimunah , Hamed Mohammed Magdy , Iqbal Zafar , Syamsunur Deprizon , Shahid Shamsuddin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Global warming causes a temperature rise and alteration of other meteorological variables that directly or indirectly affect human comfort. The wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) incorporates the effects of multiple meteorological variables to provide a reliable measure of human thermal stress. This study assessed the characteristics and changes in hourly, daily, monthly, seasonal and annual outdoor WBGT over peninsular Malaysia (PM) for the period 1959–2021 using the Liljegren method. The WBGT values were classified into five categories to assess the human thermal stress levels. The mean daily WBGT in PM varies from 21.5°C in the central south elevated region to 30.5°C in the western coastal region. It always reaches a heat-related illness risk level (31.20°C) in the afternoon during monsoon and extreme stress conditions during inter-monsoonal periods. The trend analysis revealed an increase in WBGT for all the time scales. The higher increase in the mean and maximum WBGT was estimated in the coastal and south regions, nearly by 0.10 to 0.25°C/decade. The increase in mean nighttime WBGT was 0.24°C/decade, while in mean daytime WBGT was 0.11°C/decade. The increase in WBGT caused a gradual expansion of areas experiencing daily WBGT exceeding a high-risk level for 5 hours (11 am to 3 pm). The information and maps generated in this study can be used for mitigation planning of heat-related stress risk in PM, where temperature extremes have grown rapidly in recent years.
COVID-19 and layoffs in US start-ups
Authors: Ollo Joseph Stévy Mba , Assoumou-Ella Giscard , Impawe Augustin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The double negative shock on supply and demand following the COVID-19 health crisis has strongly impacted the labor market with an unequal distribution. Unlike earlier empirical works that explain the unequal exposure to layoffs following the crisis by socioeconomic and geographic factors, while distinguishing between core and non-core industries, we focus our analysis on layoffs in Start-ups in the United States of America (USA) by branch of activity. We compute the probability of a start-up worker being laid off according to the branch of activity in which he or she works, using a binary logistic regression. The result shows that the health shock did not impact all the branch of activities in the same way and with the same extent. The “Media” activity is by far the most affected by the layoffs. The “Infrastructure”, “Construction”, “Transportation”, “Product”, “Support”, “Education”, “Finance”, “Travel” and “Marketing” activities were also affected, while the “Food” activity was spared due to the fact that it was maintained during the crisis.
Potential supplies of fuel-grade canola oil for low-carbon fuel production in Alberta, Canada: GIS analysis using an improved service-area approach
Authors: Zhang Wenbei , Qiu Feng , Luckert MK (Marty) , Anderson Jay , McPhee Alexander 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Our study investigates prospects for a fuel-grade canola oil supply chain that prioritizes the use of non-No. 1 Canola as a biofuel feedstock. Using low-grade canola oil to produce biofuels can reduce feedstock costs and offers the opportunity to utilize existing petroleum infrastructure to transport and store canola oil, thereby reducing capital costs for biorefinery investments. We conduct a township-level GIS analysis to assess the availability of canola seed in Alberta and identify potential fuel-grade crushing sites based on the amount of annually accessible non-No. 1 Canola. Using an improved service-area approach, we identify three potential sites for fuel-grade crushers, all of which had sufficient seed to produce, on average, over 65 thousand tonnes of oil per year (from 2016–2019). Northwestern Alberta appears to be especially suitable for a fuel-grade canola crushing plant, since it has the highest average amounts of non-No. 1 seed, and there are no existing food-grade crushers to compete with. Results further show that spatial and temporal variation in canola harvests impacts how much non-No.1 seed is available, and could therefore influence investment decisions on where to locate fuel-grade canola crushing plants. New fuel-grade crushing plants could also stimulate regional development and boost incomes for local canola producers. Our analysis is relevant to policy and business decisions related to fuel-grade canola oil supply chain investments.
Stimuli-responsive Hydrogels: Smart State of-the-art Platforms for Cardiac Tissue Engineering
Authors: El-Husseiny Hussein M. , Mady Eman A. , El-Dakroury Walaa A. , Doghish Ahmed S. , Tanaka Ryou 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Biomedicine and tissue regeneration have made significant advancements recently, positively affecting the whole healthcare spectrum. This opened the way for them to develop their applications for revitalizing damaged tissues. Thus, their functionality will be restored. cardiac tissue engineering (CTE) using curative procedures that combine biomolecules, biomimetic scaffolds, and cells plays a critical part in this path. Stimuli-responsive hydrogels (SRHs) are excellent three-dimensional (3D) biomaterials for tissue engineering (TE) and various biomedical applications. They can mimic the intrinsic tissues' physicochemical, mechanical, and biological characteristics in a variety of ways. They also provide for 3D setup, adequate aqueous conditions, and the mechanical consistency required for cell development. Furthermore, they function as competent delivery platforms for various biomolecules. Many natural and synthetic polymers were used to fabricate these intelligent platforms with innovative enhanced features and specialized capabilities that are appropriate for CTE applications. In the present review, different strategies employed for CTE were outlined. The light was shed on the limitations of the use of conventional hydrogels in CTE. Moreover, diverse types of SRHs, their characteristics, assembly and exploitation for CTE were discussed. To summarize, recent development in the construction of SRHs increases their potential to operate as intelligent, sophisticated systems in the reconstruction of degenerated cardiac tissues.
Enhanced Security using Multiple paths routine scheme in Cloud-MANETs
Authors: Hai Tao , Zhou Jincheng , Lu Ye , Jawawi Dayang , Wang Dan , Onyema Edeh Michael , Biamba Cresantus 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Cloud Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (Cloud-MANETs) is a framework that can access and deliver cloud services to MANET users through their smart devices. MANETs is a pool of self-organized mobile gadgets that can communicate with each other with no support from a central authority or infrastructure. The main advantage of MANETs is its ability to manage mobility while data communication between different users in the system occurs. In MANETs, clustering is an active technique used to manage mobile nodes. The security of MANETs is a key aspect for the fundamental functionality of the network. Addressing the security-related problems ensures that the confidentiality and integrity of the data transmission is secure. MANETs are highly prone to attacks because of their properties. In clustering schemes, the network is broken down to sub-networks called clusters. These clusters can have overlapping nodes or be disjointed. An enhanced node referred to as the Cluster Head (CH) is chosen from each set to oversee tasks related to routing. It decreases the member nodes’ overhead and improves the performance of the system. The relationship between the nodes and CH may vary randomly, leading to re-associations and re-clustering in a MANET that is clustered. An efficient and effective routing protocol is required to allow networking and to find the most suitable paths between the nodes. The networking must be spontaneous, infrastructure-less, and provide end-to-end interactions. The aim of routing is the provision of maximum network load distribution and robust networks. This study focused on the creation of a maximal route between a pair of nodes, and to ensure the appropriate and accurate delivery of the packet. The proposed solution ensured that routing can be carried out with the lowest bandwidth consumption, least packet loss, and control overhead, thereby enhancing the output of the network. Our result shows that multipath routing enables the network to identify alternate paths connecting the destination and source. Routing is required to conserve energy and for optimum bandwidth utilization.
Bioinformatics analysis of the primary molecular mechanism in lymphatic vascular space invasion and parametrial invasion of cervical cancer
Authors: He Xuan-ming , Cui Ya-qiong , He Di-liang , Zhao Jian-xin , Zhao Lian-ping , Huang Gang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Purpose: Our study aims to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism between Lymphatic vascular space invasion (LVSI) and parametrial invasion (PMI) patients, and we screen biomarkers for patients with LVSI+ and PMI+.Methods: The main molecular mechanism of the LVSI+ and PMI+ groups was observed by using differential expression analysis and GO enrichment. Based on the results of Go enrichment, the distribution of immune infiltration was compared between the LVSI+ group and the PMI+ group by using ssGSEA analysis. Then we identified immunological differentially expressed genes (IDGs) by taking the intersection of DEGs and immune-related genes. The prognostic IDGs were screened by univariate Cox regression analysis. The Cox model was constructed by multivariate Cox regression. The prognostic ability of the two subgroups’ models was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the curve (AUC) values. Based on the genes chosen for the LVSI and PMI models, the drug sensitivity was determined on the ImmPort website.Results: The immune-related pathway differentiate LVSI from PMI in cervical cancer. The ssGSEA result showed that adaptive immunity was suppressed in LVSI+ patients, whereas in PMI+ patients, innate immunity was suppressed. The Cox model was constructed using interaction genes EREG and IL-9R for LVSI+ patients, and NODAL and IL-12A for PMI+ patients, respectively. The LVSI model and the PMI model all had better prediction power in the TCGA and GEO cohorts. we found difference in drug sensitivity between the LVSI and the PMI group.Conclusion: We proposed that the distribution of immune infiltration was the fundamental distinction in the molecular mechanism between LVSI and PMI. This study identified four metastasis mode-specific genes related to the immune infiltration, these genes strongly influenced the prognosis of LVSI+ and PMI+ cervical cancer patients, respectively.
Anatomy of the greater palatine foramen and canal and their clinical significance in relation to the greater palatine artery – a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kim Dong Woon , Tempski Jonasz , Surma Jan , Ratusznik Jakub , Raputa Wiktor , Świerczek Izabella , Pękala Jakub R. , Tomaszewska Iwona M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Accurate knowledge of greater palatine foramen (GPF) and greater palatine canal (GPC) anatomy is necessary to avoid injury to the greater palatine artery (GPA) when performing a variety of anesthesiologic, dental or surgical procedures. The aim of this paper was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of literature on the anatomy and localization of bony structures associated with the GPA, namely the GPF and GPC. A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science databases. Sixty-seven studies were included in the meta-analysis (n = 11,101 subjects). The meta-analysis showed that the GPF is positioned 17.21 mm (95% CI = 16.34–18.09 mm) from the posterior nasal spine, 2.56 mm (95% CI = 1.90–3.22 mm) from the posterior border of the hard palate, 46.24 mm (95% CI = 44.30–48.18 mm) from the anterior nasal spine, 15.22 mm (95% CI = 15.00–15.43 mm) from the midline maxillary suture, 37.32 mm (95% CI = 36.19–38.45 mm) from the incisive foramen, and opposite the third maxillary molar (M3) in 64.9% (58.7–70.7%) of the total population.
Thermoplastic elastomer composite strips with damage detection capabilities for self-healing elastomers
Authors: Georgopoulou Antonia , Korhonen Henry , Bosman Anton W. , Clemens Frank 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Self-healing materials can increase the lifetime of products and improve their sustainability. However, the detection of damage in an early stage is essential to avoid damage progression and ensure a successful self-healing process. In this study, self-healing sensor composite strips were developed with the embedding of a thermoplastic styrene-based co-polymer (TPS) sensor in a self-healing matrix. Piezoresistive TPS sensor fibers composites (SFCs) and 3D printed sensor element composites (SECs) were fabricated and embedded in a self-healing matrix by lamination process to detect damage. In both cases, the value of the initial resistance was used to detect the presence of damage and monitor the efficiency of healing. A higher elongation at fracture could be achieved with the extruded sensor fibers. However, for the composite strips the SECs could achieve a higher elongation at fracture. The SFCs had significantly lower drift of the sensor signal during cyclic mechanical analysis. Nevertheless, on a tendon-based soft robotic actuator, the SECs obtained a drift below 1%. This was explained by the lower deformation (e.g.) strain in comparison to the tensile test experiments.
Application value of transcranial direct current Stimulation In stroke patients
Authors: Haq Usman , Aftab Alishba , Malik Mohammad Hamza Bin Abdul , Haq Ali , Malik Muhammad Awais Bin Abdul , Rashid Amna 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objectives
The main objective of the study is to analyze the aapplication value of transcranial direct current Stimulation (TDCS) In stroke patients.
Material and methods
This pilot study was conducted in Rawal Institute of Health Sciences during June 2019 to June 2020. The components required for TDCS include a Constant Current Stimulator and surface electrodes soaked in normal saline. A Constant Current Stimulator provides a steady flow of direct current (e.g., 0–4mA) while constantly monitoring the resistance in the system.
Results
The study was completed by 136 patients. Their mean age was 53.2 ± 8.4 years (range: 36–61 years). There were more males than females (60% vs. 40%). Their demographic and clinical characteristics are summarized in table 1.
Conclusion
It is concluded that TDCS combined with VR can reduce motor impairment, improve function, increase ADL in the affected upper limb in patients with subacute or chronic ischemic stroke than VR alone.
Identification of the composition, stability, and origin of blood microbiome in humans
Authors: Rozenberga Maija , Saksis Rihards , Elbere Ilze , Birzniece Liga , Briviba Monta , Konrade Ilze , Klovins Janis 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
BackgroundAn increasing number of research studies observe that human blood is not a completely sterile environment and has its own representative microbiome. This study aimed to determine the blood microbiome's composition, potential origin, and dynamics in humans.ResultsTo detect the origin of exogenous bacterial nucleic acids in the blood, we determined taxonomic composition based on 16S rRNA gene analysis in samples obtained from skin, vaginal, oral, and faecal swabs along with whole blood samples in a group of 10 volunteers. We observed a presence of bacterial DNA with variable taxonomic composition in all blood samples strongly dominated by members of the Pseudomonas genus. In addition, we detected identical bacterial Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASV) that overlapped between blood and other locations in all participants. Overall, 27.4% median of all ASVs from blood were also found in various locations, with the highest number found in the samples collected from skin swabs. Overall, 25.3% of the ASV found in blood overlapped between the baseline and three-month blood samples, indicating the blood microbiome's relative stability.ConclusionsWe have presented for the first time a remarkable overlap between the bacterial composition of blood and other locations of the same individuals, allowing us to propose the skin microbiota as the primary source of blood-related exogenous DNA. Furthermore, our results add a piece of new knowledge on the stability of the blood microbiome, providing the basis for future studies to identify the potential effect of the blood microbiome on the phenotype or disease.
Returns to Education in the Public and Private Sectors: Europe and Central Asia
Authors: Montenegro Claudio M. , Patrinos Harry 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The returns to schooling are estimated for 28 European and Central Asian countries using the Mincerian function. Our results show that while the public sector pays on average more than the private sector, the effect of education on earnings is stronger in the private sector. However, the returns to tertiary education are higher in the private sector.Subject classification codes: JEL I21, J31
Studies of Air - Layering Pecans: Effect of Date of Propagation, Wounding, and Indol-3-Butyric Acid on Rooting of Air-Layered Pecan Terminals, Carya Illinoensis
Authors: Stuart Koch Cv. , Pokorny F. A. , Sparks Darrell 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Commercially, pecan cultivars are grafted onto seedling rootstocks, resulting in considerable variability in the scion cultivar. Mature trees vary greatly in size and nut yields. Significant differences occur in the mineral content of leaves from individual trees receiving equal amounts of fertilizer (4). Such variability makes it difficult to conduct meaningful nutritional studies.
The Use of Nitrate Reductase Activity for the Appraisal of Nitrogen Status and Productivity of Grapefruit Orchard Trees
Authors: Bar-Akiva A. , Shaked A. , A. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Mature Marsh seedless grapefruit trees on Sour orange stock planted in a loamy soil were subjected to three levels of nitrogen fertilization with and without phosphate or chicken manure added. The details of the experimental plan and tree responses during the five-year experimental period will be described elsewhere. Briefly, the phosphate and manure treatments resulted in a significant increase in yield and in improved fruit quality. As far as the leaf composition is concerned, the phosphate and manure treatments caused an increase in the P and a decrease in the N content of the leaves, thus producing a completely inverse relationship between leaf N concentration and the yield of the corresponding trees. This situation served as an opportunity to test—under orchard. conditions—the validity of NaR (nitrate reductase) assay in leaves as a measure for some “active fraction” of leaf nitrogen and as a parameter for tree productivity. The use of the NaR assay has been suggested for the determination of N requirements of citrus trees (1).