bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified Urethral Graciloplasty Cross-Innervated by the Pudendal Nerve for Postprostatectomy Urinary Incontinence: Cadaveric Simulation Surgery and a Clinical Case Report
Authors: Sakuma Hisashi , Yazawa Masaki , Hikosaka Makoto , Uchikawa-Tani Yumiko , Takayama Masayoshi , Kishi Kazuo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAn artificial sphincter implanted in the bulbous urethra to treat severe postprostatectomy urinary incontinence is effective, but embedding-associated complications can occur. We assessed the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of urethral graciloplasty cross-innervated by the pudendal nerve. A simulation surgery on three male fresh cadavers was performed. Both ends of the gracilis muscle were isolated only on its vascular pedicle with proximal end of the obturator nerve severed and transferred to the perineum. We examined whether the gracilis muscle could be wrapped around the bulbous urethra and whether the obturator nerve was long enough to suture with the pudendal nerve. In addition, surgery was performed on a 71-year-old male patient with severe urinary incontinence. The postoperative 12-month outcomes were assessed using a 24-hour pad test and urodynamic study. In all cadaveric simulations, the gracilis muscles could be wrapped around the bulbous urethra in a γ-loop configuration. The length of the obturator nerve was sufficient for neurorrhaphy with the pudendal nerve. In the clinical case, the postoperative course was uneventful. The mean maximum urethral closure pressure and functional profile length increased from 40.7 to 70 cm H2O and from 40.1 to 45.3 mm, respectively. Although urinary incontinence was not completely cured, the patient was able to maintain urinary continence at night. Urethral graciloplasty cross-innervated by the pudendal nerve is effective in raising the urethral pressure and reducing urinary incontinence.
Dorsal Scapholunate Ligament Reconstruction by Using Palmaris Longus Tendon Graft in Chronic Static Scapholunate Dissociations: Does It Yield Favorable Radiographic and Functional Results?
Authors: Erdag Yigit , Pehlivanoglu Tuna 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background Scapholunate (SL) instability is the most common dissociative carpal instability, and the most frequent cause of wrist osteoarthritis (OA), termed as scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC). The aim of this study was to present the mid-term clinical and radiographic results of dorsal SL ligament reconstruction by utilizing free palmaris longus tendon graft in patients with symptomatic, chronic, static SL dissociation; while assessing the safety and efficacy of this technique,
Materials and Methods In total, 42 patients with a mean age of 44.1 (range 26–53) and mean follow-up duration of 69.4 months (range 60–72) with a diagnosis of chronic, static, and reducible SL instabilities with no chondral damage were enrolled. They all underwent dorsal SL ligament reconstruction with the exam same technique.
Results At the last follow-up, patients' mean preoperative SL gap improved from 4.7 (range 4–6) to 2.1 (range 2–3), as did SLA from 84 degrees (range 67–101 degrees) to 66 degrees (range 49–72 degrees)(p <0.001 for both). Preoperative mean VAS (visual analog score), DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand), Mayo wrist scores and SF-36 scores showed significant improvements in the last follow-up visit (p <0.001, for all). No major complications were acquired in either of the patients.
Conclusion Dorsal SL ligament reconstruction by using free PL tendon graft was detected to provide successful restoration of the normal carpal alignment together with SL joint stability. This procedure, by significantly reducing pain and improving grip strength was detected to yield significantly improved clinical and functional outcomes, together with high patient satisfaction indicated by improved health-related quality of life (HRQOL) scores.
Level of Evidence IV.
Characterising a unique recreational hunting method: hound hunting of sambar deer (Cervus unicolor) in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Hampton Jordan O. , Bengsen Andrew J. , Comte Sebastien , Flesch Jason S. , Toop Simon D. , Davies Christopher , Forsyth David M. 
Published: December 2022

Context Scent-trailing dogs (‘hounds’) are used to hunt introduced sambar deer (Cervus unicolor) in south-eastern Australia, but little is known about this recreational hunting technique. Aim The aim of this study was to characterise hound hunting of sambar deer in Victoria, Australia. Our study had three objectives as follows: (1) to report the hunting success of the technique; (2) to estimate pursuit times and distances; and (3) to investigate the landscape features associated with kill sites. Methods Data were collected from four hound-hunting crews during 2020–2021. GPS data from collars fitted to hounds were used to quantify hunt duration (min) and hunt distance (m). Logistic regression was used to estimate the effects of deer sex and hound pack size on the probability of hunting success. We used a Bayesian multinomial regression resource selection function (RSF) to identify the characteristics of sites where deer were killed (elevation, aspect, and distances to water and roads). Key results The four hunting teams ranged in size from 2 to 10 people and from one to eight hounds. Of 136 hunts, most (88%) harvested a deer, with pursued deer escaping on the other 12% of occasions. Pursuit times and distances were highly variable, with pursuit time >60 min for 46% of hunts and pursuit distance >5 km for 30% of hunts. The probability of killing a pursued male and female deer were similar, and there was not a positive relationship between pack size and hunt success. The RSF showed that both male and female deer were more likely to be killed on steeper slopes and closer to roads. Conclusions Successful hound hunting of sambar deer involves pursuits of considerable duration and requires a network of roads, with geographical features associated with deer kills sites being related to hunter access. Implications Hound hunting may be a useful wildlife management tool for land managers, but further studies are needed to assess its efficacy for achieving management goals.
A quantitative framework for analyzing distinctive features of typography
Authors: Johannessen Christian Mosbæk , Qwist Mads Nedergård , Buch Anders Glent 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The ability to quantify and compare typography has potential in many disciplines such as marketing, branding, education, and literacy studies. However, formal features of typography have been difficult to operationalize for quantitative analysis. The article proposes a quantitative, distinctive feature-based framework for describing and comparing fonts. The analyses made using the framework yield a clear and quantifiable separation of well-established typographical categories. It is also sensitive enough to pick up even small variations between fonts. The framework can aid in developing a more generally accepted typographical meta-language that allows for comparison and cross-fertilization of typographical knowledge across disciplines.
Investigation of the mechanical behaviour of hybrid fiber reinforced composite with aluminium laminates
Authors: R Ramesh , M Nalla Mohamed 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe present study investigates the mechanical characteristics of a hybrid fiber-reinforced composite with aluminium laminates (HFRCAL). The hybrid composite specimens were fabricated by hand layup method including the epoxy as a Matrix material, with Al6061-T6 as the outer layers, while Kevlar-29, carbon fiber, basalt fiber, and E-glass fiber act as hybrid reinforcing laminates with varying order of arrangement. The prepared laminate composites were tested for performance under tensile, flexural, and impact loading conditions. Three combinations of the laminate composites were tested, namely the Al/K/C/E/B/K/Al (Al+5KH+Al), Al/C/B/E/K/C/Al (Al+5CH+Al), and Al/B/C/E/K/B/Al (Al+5BH+Al) composition laminates. Among the tested specimens, it was found that the Al+5KH+Al laminate composite exhibited the highest yield strength of 220 MPa, and Ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 245 MPa. These were 11.53% and 11.2% higher than those of Al+5CH+Al, while Al+5BH+Al exhibited the lowest UTS of 202 MPa. During flexural loading, the Al+5CH+Al showed the highest flexural strength of 305.6 MPa which was 35.5% higher than that of Al+5BH+Al and 38.33% higher than the flexural strength of Al+5KH+Al. The impact strength of Al+5KH+Al was higher by 5.74% and 11.73% of Al+5CH+Al and Al+5BH+Al respectively.
An at-scale tailless flapping wing hummingbird robot: II. Flight control in hovering and trajectory tracking
Authors: Fei Fan , Tu Zhan , Deng Xinyan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFlight control such as stable hovering and trajectory tracking of tailless flapping-wing micro aerial vehicles is a challenging task. Given the constraint on actuation capability, flight control authority is limited beyond sufficient lift generation. In addition, the highly nonlinear and inherently unstable vehicle dynamics, unsteady aerodynamics, wing motion caused body oscillations, and mechanism asymmetries and imperfections due to fabrication process, all pose challenges to flight control. In this work, we propose a systematic onboard control method to address such challenges. In particular, with a systematic comparative study, a nonlinear flight controller incorporating parameter adaptation and robust control demonstrates the preferred performances. Such a controller is designed to address time-varying system uncertainty in flapping flight. The proposed controller is validated on a 12-g at-scale tailless hummingbird robot equipped with two actuators. Maneuver experiments have been successfully performed by the proposed hummingbird robot, including stable hovering, waypoint and trajectory tracking, and stabilization under severe wing asymmetries.
Multiple Sclerosis and Depression: Translation and Adaptation of the Spanish Version of the Chicago Multiscale Depression Inventory and the Study of Factors Associated with Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Sanchis-Segura Carla , Cruz-Gómez Álvaro Javier , Esbrí Sónia Félix , Tirado Alba Sebastián , Arnett Peter A , Forn Cristina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveDepressive disorder occurs in up to 50% of persons with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS). Accurate assessment of depression in MS is essential in clinical settings because depressive symptomatology can affect the clinical course of the disease.MethodsWe translated, adapted, and tested the Spanish version of the Chicago Multiscale Depression Inventory (CMDI), a specific test to assess depression in neurological disorders. We compare our results with those obtained with previous versions of the questionnaire (English and Italian). Finally, we also analyze the relationship between the results obtained on the CMDI and demographic, clinical, and cognitive variables.ResultsThe results obtained with the Spanish version of the CMDI were similar to those observed in previous published versions. We also observed higher depression scores in PwMS (especially in progressive forms) compared with healthy controls. Moreover, depression symptomatology was related to higher disability and fatigue and worse cognitive performance in PwMS.ConclusionsThe results support the validity of the CDMI in the Spanish population, as well as the association between depression and other characteristic symptoms of MS. These findings also emphasize the importance of good assessment and multidisciplinary treatment of depression in PwMS.
GLUT-1/PKM2 loop dysregulation in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction promotes metainflammation
Authors: Canonico Francesco , Pedicino Daniela , Severino Anna , Vinci Ramona , Flego Davide , Pisano Eugenia , d’Aiello Alessia , Ciampi Pellegrino , Ponzo Myriana , Bonanni Alice , De Ciutiis Astrid , Russo Sara , Di Sario Marianna , Angelini Giulia , Szczepaniak Piotr , Baldi Alfonso , Kapelak Boguslaw , Wierzbicki Karol , Montone Rocco A , D’Amario Domenico , Massetti Massimo , Guzik Tomasz J , Crea Filippo , Liuzzo Giovanna 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Aims
The functional capacity of the immune cells is strongly dependent on their metabolic state and inflammatory responses are characterized by a greater use of glucose in immune cells. This study is aimed to establish the role of glucose metabolism and its players [glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1) and pyruvate kinase isozyme M2 (PKM2)] in the dysregulation of adaptive immunity and inflammation observed in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).

Methods and results
We enrolled 248 patients allocated to three groups: NSTEMI patients, chronic coronary syndromes (CCS) patients, healthy subjects (HSs). NSTEMI patients showed higher expression of GLUT-1 and an enhanced glucose uptake in T cells when compared with CCS patients (P &lt; 0.0001; P = 0.0101, respectively) and HSs (P = 0.0071; P = 0.0122, respectively). PKM2 had a prevalent nuclear localization in T lymphocytes in NSTEMI (P = 0.0005 for nuclear vs. cytoplasm localization), while in CCS and HS, it was equally distributed in both compartments. In addition, the nuclear fraction of PKM2 was significantly higher in NSTEMI compared with HS (P = 0.0023). In NSTEMI patients, treatment with Shikonin and Fasentin, which inhibits PKM2 enzyme activity and GLUT-1-mediated glucose internalization, respectively, led to a significant reduction in GLUT-1 expression along with the down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression.

Conclusion
NSTEMI patients exhibit dysregulation of the GLUT-1/PKM2 metabolic loop characterized by nuclear translocation of PKM2, where it acts as a transcription regulator of pro-inflammatory genes. This detrimental loop might represent a new therapeutic target for personalized medicine.
Mapping dead understoreyBuxus hyrcana Pojarkusing Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-1 data
Authors: Saba Fatemeh , Latifi Hooman , Valadan Zoej Mohammad Javad , Esmaili Rohollah 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Hyrcanian Forests comprise a continuous 800-km belt of mostly deciduous broadleaf forests and are considered as Iran’s most important vegetation region in terms of density, canopy cover and species diversity. One of the few evergreen species of the Hyrcanian Forests is the box tree (Buxus), which is seriously threatened by box blight disease and box tree moth outbreaks. Therefore, information on the spatial distribution of intact and infested box trees is essential for recovery monitoring, control treatment and management. To address this critical knowledge gap, we integrated a genetic algorithm (GA) with a support vector machine (SVM) ensemble classification based on the combination of leaf-off optical Sentinel-2 and radar Sentinel-1 data to map the spatial distribution of box tree mortality. We additionally considered the overstorey species composition to account for a potential impact of overstory stand composition on the spectral signature of understorey defoliation. We consequently defined target classes based on the combination of dominant overstorey trees (using two measures including the relative frequency and the diameter at breast height) and two defoliation levels of box trees (including dead and healthy box trees). Our classification workflow applied a GA to simultaneously derive optimal vegetation indices (VIs) and tuning parameters of the SVM. Then the distribution of box tree defoliation was mapped by an SVM ensemble with bagging using GA-optimized VIs and radar data. The GA results revealed that normalized difference vegetation index, red edge normalized difference vegetation index and green normalized difference vegetation index were appropriate for box tree defoliation mapping. An additional comparison of GA-SVM (using GA-optimized VIs and tuning parameters) with a simple SVM (using all VIs and user-based tuning parameters) showed that our suggested workflow performs notably better than the simple SVM (overall accuracy of 0.79 vs 0.74). Incorporating Sentinel-1 data to GA-SVM, marginally improved the performance of the model (overall accuracy: 0.80). The SVM ensemble model using Sentinel-2 and -1 data yielded high accuracies and low uncertainties in mapping of box tree defoliation. The results showed that infested box trees were mostly located at low elevations, low slope and facing north. We conclude that mortality of evergreen understorey tree species can be mapped with good accuracies using freely available satellite data if a suitable work-flow is applied.
Best Management Practices, Erosion, Residual Woody Biomass, and Soil Disturbances Within Biomass and Conventional Clearcut Harvests in Virginia’s Coastal Plain
Authors: Hawks Eric M , Chad Bolding M , Michael Aust W , Barrett Scott M 
Published: December 2022

AbstractForest residue utilization for energy has increased in the southeastern United States and additional increases are anticipated. However, such removals generate concerns regarding potential accelerated erosion and nutrient drains, which could affect site productivity and stream water quality. To address erosion and water quality concerns, postharvest erosion rates, operational feature areas, best management practice (BMP) implementation, residual ground cover, soil disturbance, and forest residue concentrations were evaluated on ten biomass and ten conventional clearcut harvests in Virginia’s Coastal Plain. No significant differences in erosion rates (P = 0.4727) were observed between biomass (0.71 tons ac-1 yr-1) and conventional (0.61 tons ac-1 yr-1) harvests. BMP compliance percentages were similar (P = 0.6776) for both biomass (88.54%) and conventional (90.99%) harvests. BMP implementation scores were determined to be a significant predictor of erosion rates (P &lt; 0.0001). A significant reduction (28%) in postharvest residue concentrations was observed for biomass (10.22 tons ac-1) versus conventional harvests (14.24 tons ac-1) (P = 0.0173). Scores for BMP implementation and erosion rates were not significantly different between treatments, indicating that sufficient residual biomass exists for appropriate implementation of BMPs. BMPs provided similar erosion protection on both biomass and conventional clearcut harvests.Study Implications: Forest residues are widely used to cover and stabilize bare soil as best management practices (BMPs) for erosion control. The expanding bioenergy market has raised concerns that overutilization of forest residues may occur. Comparisons of biomass and conventional harvests in the Coastal Plain of Virginia revealed few significant postharvest differences. Implementation of existing water quality BMPs is important for minimizing erosion on biomass harvests; however, the development of biomass harvesting guidelines in addition to current state BMPs appears unnecessary under current harvesting practices. Harvest residue management should be conducted to ensure adequate supplies of woody debris remain for site protection.
Evaluating the safety and efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes for treatment of refractory perianal fistula in IBD patients: clinical trial phase I
Authors: Nazari Hojjatollah , Alborzi Foroogh , Heirani-Tabasi Asieh , Hadizadeh Alireza , Asbagh Reza Akbari , Behboudi Behnam , Fazeli Mohammad Sadegh , Rahimi Mojgan , Keramati Mohammad Reza , Keshvari Amir , Kazemeini Alireza , Soleimani Masoud , Ahmadi Tafti Seyed Mohsen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Exosome administration is a novel medical approach that promises excellent immunomodulatory properties without the conventional side effects of current antitumor necrosis factor drugs and stem cells. This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of using mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) exosomes to treat refractory fistulas in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Methods
MSCs were derived from the umbilical cords and their exosomes were isolated. Five patients with refractory perianal Crohn’s disease fistulas with a median age of 35 years (range 31–47 years) were enrolled in the study. Exosome injections were administered in the operating room to patients with refractory fistula (fistulas that are irresponsive to anti-tumor necrosis factor-α administration within 6 months). Six months later, a physical examination, face-to-face interviews, and magnetic resonance imaging were employed to evaluate the therapy responses of patients.

Results
The outcomes within 6 months after initiation of therapy showed that four patients had responded to therapy. Three patients who received exosome injections exhibited complete healing, while one reported no improvement and active discharge from the fistula site. In addition, five patients (100%) reported neither systemic nor local adverse effects.

Conclusions
Injection of exosomes extracted from MSCs demonstrates safety and a satisfactory therapeutic effect, as evidenced in this and other studies, and may play a significant role in the future treatment of gastrointestinal fistulas.
IBD Journal Editorial Fellowship: A Practical Guide for Future Fellows
Authors: Kurdi Ahmed T , Noor Nurulamin M , Gold Stephanie L 
Published: December 2022

Lay Summary
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases offers an editorial fellowship for GI and IBD fellows with a background in clinical, translational, and basic research and who are interested to experience the editorial process. Herein, the inaugural fellows compile their experience as a guide for future applicants on the fellowship’s responsibilities and highlights.
Validation of the CompactDryTM “Nissui” TCR for Rapid Enumeration of Aerobic Bacteria in a Variety of Matrixes: AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM 082201
Authors: Hosokawa Shuhei , Yamazaki Tomoki , Toyota Katsuya 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
CompactDry™ “Nissui” TCR are ready-to-use dry media sheets using a chromogenic medium for the enumeration of mesophilic aerobic bacteria in foods in as little as 24 h.

Objective
The CompactDry “Nissui” TCR method was validated to achieve AOAC Performance Tested MethodsSM certification.

Method
The performance of the CompactDry “Nissui” TCR was compared to that of USDA/FSIS MLG 3.02, FDA BAM Chapter 3, and SMEDP Chapter 6 for 11 matrixes. All 11 matrixes were tested by CompactDry incubation at 35 ± 1°C for 24 ± 2 and 48 ± 3 h. The three dairy matrixes were also evaluated by CompactDry incubation at 32 ± 1°C for 24 ± 2 and 48 ± 3 h and additionally at 72 ± 3 h for nonfat dry milk.

Results
After log10 transformation of the data, the standard deviation of repeatability (sr) was similar between CompactDry “Nissui” TCR and the respective reference methods, and method equivalence based on the 90% confidence interval of the difference of means being within (−0.5, 0.5) was demonstrated for all matrixes, incubation temperatures, and incubation times in the method developer and independent laboratory studies. The method was shown to be robust, and data are presented supporting product consistency and 18-month shelf life.

Conclusions
The CompactDry “Nissui” TCR method was validated for the determination of mesophilic aerobic bacteria in a variety of matrixes with incubation at 35 ± 1°C for 24 ± 2 and 48 ± 3 h and for dairy matrixes also at 32 ± 1°C for 24 ± 2, 48 ± 3, and 72 ± 3 h.

Highlights
The CompactDry “Nissui” TCR method is equivalent to the USDA/FSIS MLG 3.02, FDA BAM Chapter 3, and SMEDP Chapter 6 reference methods and is suitable for Performance Tested MethodsSM certification for the matrixes tested.