bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative 96% ethanol as an adjuvant in Pterygium (Pt) surgery
Authors: Gancedo Maria Luisa Perez , Reina Alfonso Rubio , Martin Laura Alonso , De Los Angeles Leal González Maria , Leon Maria Mercedes Cabezas , Vazquez Maria Platero , Diaz Oier Perez , Cardeñosa Nuria Cuenca , De Paz Sergio Pérez , Quiroz Nolvis Marina Alvarez , Lozano María Belén Morcillo , Rodríguez Beatriz González , Serrano Famara Doblado , Lopez Fernando Sellers , Silva Bruno Casco , García Maria Josefa Fernández , Carranza Maria Zulema Hernandez 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeThe aim of the study is to present how we use ethanol on the cornea next to the pterygium head to remove the corneal epithelium and create a dissection plane to remove the fibrovascular tissue in a more controlled way leaving a more regular corneal surface.MethodsTopical tetracaine + oxybuprocaine as topical anaesthetic, povidone iodine 5% is instilled and mepivacaine 2% is injected under the body of the pterygium. A cellulose sponge soaked in 96% ethanol is placed over the corneal surface 1‐2 mm around the head of the fibrovascular tissue for 10 seconds, then washed. Blunt lifting of the epithelium towards the head of the pterygium allows identification of the surgical plane for dissection of the underlying corneal adhesions. Excision of the corneal encroaching tissue, tennon's capsule over the bare sclera and under the conjunctival wound was followed by conjunctival autograft sealed with fibrin (tisseel).ResultsA retrospective review of all pterygium procedures performed at our institution from January 2017 to January 2020 was performed to find out if there were any intra‐ or post‐surgical complications related to the use of 96% ethanol. All patients had completed epithelialisation within 1 week and none had limbal deficiency. The recurrence rate was very low.ConclusionsIntrasurgical application of 96% ethanol on the cornea next to the pterygium head for 10 seconds just before surgical removal of the pterygium is an inexpensive, safe and effective adjuvant to the procedure. It may even be of more interest in recurrent pterygium where firm adhesions need to be addressed and creating a new smooth surface may prevent recurrences.BibliographyKaufman SC, Jacobs DS, Lee WB, Deng SX, Rosenblatt MI, Shtein RM. Options and adjuvants in surgery for pterygium: a report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology. 2013 Jan;120(1):201‐8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.06.066. Epub 2012 Oct 11. PMID: 23062647.Chen KH, Hsu WM. Intraoperative ethanol treatment as an adjuvant therapy of pterygium excision. Int J Biomed Sci. 2006 Dec;2(4):414‐21. PMID: 23675010; PMCID: PMC3614651.Tsumi E, Levy J, Pitchkhadze A, Baidousi A, Lifshitz T. New approach for pterygium removal using 20 % ethanol. Int Ophthalmol. 2012 Oct;32(5):443‐8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792‐012‐9597‐2. Epub 2012 Jun 21. PMID: 22717949.
Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) in an 84‐year‐old female patient
Authors: Vera Luisa Fernanda , Gallarate Gabriella , Pagano Marco 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo report a case of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia, in an 84 years old woman. The patient referred 4 months of red vascularized elevated corneal lesion.MethodsOur proposal was an exportation of the conjunctival corneal neoformation and histological examination. During the surgical procedure, we found an elevated lesion with feeder vessels, the surgical excision biopsy was done and the specimen was sent for histopathological evaluation, which revealed an invasive, poorly differentiated carcinoma extending to subcutis. Immunohistochemical staining for p63 gave dubious results on the integrity of the basement membrane. These findings associated with the incomplete excision of the lesion did not allow us to express a possible invasiveness in the lateral margin affected.ResultsIn the post‐operative, we used Mitomycin C 0.04% topical treatment, 4 times a day for a week, then 3 weeks off for a total of 3 cycles. During this period the patient did not display any adverse systemic or ocular reactions. At the end of the treatment, we found a complete regression of the disease. During the control at 6 months and 1 year, the patient was asymptomatic.ConclusionsDiagnosis of invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma mainly rests on the histopathological examination of the excised lesion. No serious ocular or systemic side effects were observed during the Mitomycin C 0.04% eye drops treatment. Mitomycin C 0.04% seems to be a safe and effective treatment for ocular surface squamous neoplasia.
The suppressive role of sex steroids in inflammatory response and viability of limbal mesenchymal stem cells under stress condition
Authors: Kuşan Eda , Zibandeh Noushin , Şahin Afsun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo investigative the regulatory role of sex steroids on mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway, autophagy pathway, and cell survival of Limbal Mesenchymal Stem Cells (LMSCs) under serum starvation induced stress conditions.MethodsThe L‐MSCs were isolated from cadaver corneal tissues and were characterized by flow cytometry and were differentiated into 3 lineages. The L‐MSCs in passage 3 were cultured with low glucose DMEM completed with fetal bovine serum (FBS) and penicillin‐streptomycin until reaching 80% confluency. After confluency, cells were trypsinized and cultured with charcoal FBS containing medium either with 10‐8 M dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or 10‐8 M 17‐β‐estradiol. After 48 hours, the medium was changed to only DMEM without any serum supplement for the purpose of serum starvation. Serum starvation treated cells for all conditions were lysed and western blot analysis was applied for phosphorylated forms of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38 kinase, c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK1/2) and as an autophagic marker, Beclin‐1 ATG‐7 and LC3I‐II. The LMSCs viability was measured with Annexin V/propidium iodide.ResultsP‐JNK and P‐ERK were inhibited only by 17‐β‐estradiol pretreated groups while pretreatment LMSCs with DHT and 17‐β‐estradiol suppressed the upregulation of p‐p38 up to 4 hours of serum starvation stress. The expression of Beclin‐1 was not significantly changed in both groups, while expression of ATG7 was significantly inhibited in the 17‐β‐estradiol group for up to 4 hours. The conversion of the LC3‐I to LC3‐II was found to be suppressed in both groups compared to the control group. DHT and 17‐β‐estradiol pretreated L‐MSCs were increased cell survival compared to untreated conditions.ConclusionAccording to our results, DHT and 17‐β‐estradiol especially 17‐β‐estradiol suppressed the mitogen‐activated protein kinase signalling pathway and autophagic pathway. These findings may help to explain the function of sex hormones in various ocular surface illnesses, as well as their implications for treatment.
IFNγ reduces viability in human conjunctival goblet cells in vitro
Authors: Rævdal Pernille , Nagstrup Anne Hedengran , Thyssen Jacob Pontoppidan , Heegaard Steffen , Kolko Miriam 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeConjunctival goblets cells play an important role in the homeostasis of the ocular surface and are known to be affected by inflammatory cytokines in diseases of the ocular surface. An understanding of the role of interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐13, IL‐17, and interferon (IFN)γ in conjunctival goblet cell survival and function is necessary to explore the pathogenesis of ocular surface diseases. Previous studies have shown that IFNγ reduces the survival of the goblet cells, whereas IL‐13, IL‐4 and IL‐17A induce proliferation in mouse and rat models (1). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of IL‐4, IL‐13, IL‐17A and IFNγ on human goblet cell survival assessed by LDH analysis.MethodsHuman goblet cell cultures were grown from cultured donor conjunctiva. The goblet cells were seeded into wells and stimulated with IL‐4, IL‐13, IL‐17A and IFNγ with 100 ng/mL for 48 hours, respectively. Cell viability was evaluated by LDH assays.ResultsStimulation with IFNγ showed significant decrease in goblet cell viability with LDH assay (p<0.01). Stimulation with IL‐4, IL‐13 and IL‐17A showed no significant decrease in cell survival compared to control. Significant differences in cell survival were observed between stimulation with IFNγ and IL‐4 (p<0.001) and IL‐13 (p<0.05), respectively.ConclusionsOur study indicates that IFNγ reduces human conjunctival goblet cell survival in contrast to the Th2‐associated cytokines IL‐4 and IL‐13.ReferenceGarcía‐Posadas L, Contreras‐Ruiz L, Soriano‐Romaní L, Dartt DA, Diebold Y. Conjunctival Goblet Cell Function: Effect of Contact Lens Wear and Cytokines. Eye Contact Lens 2016;42(2): 83–90.Conflict of InterestThis work was supported by a research grant from LEO Pharma.
Importance of monitoring the ocular surface of patients with Kearns‐Sayre syndrome: a case report
Authors: Rivasés Guillermo Pérez , Diaz Barreda Maria Dolores , Murillo Ana Boned , El Bakkali Ismael Bakkali , De Rivas Marta Orejudo , Moscarda Eva Josefina Nuñez , Arias Pablo Cisneros , Puyuelo Javier Ascaso , Alvarez Constanza Maria Caramello 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeKearns‐Sayre Syndrome (KSS) is a congenital mitochondrial myopathy initially described by the triad: Progressive external ophthalmoplegia, pigmentary retinopathy, heart block. Surgical procedures to alleviate ptosis can cause corneal injury from exposure. The lack of blinking can lead to a difficult contraction of the muscles responsible for squeezing the meibomian glands causing their dysfunction (MGD). Therefore, the follow‐up is of special interest in those cases where we suspect KSS due to the probable appearance of complications.MethodsWe present the case of a male of 9 years old who presented a sudden‐onset ptosis and bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia. Initially, he was diagnosed with Myasthenia. At the age of 12, resection of the elevator upper eyelid was performed in both eyes (BE). In the successive visits: negative Bell's sign, a progressive MGD and significant corneal thinning in the lower half of the BE were observed, and the right eye (RE) was affected with an infiltrated ulcer.ResultsTreatment with high hydration in BE and RE was treated with antibiotics eye drops and antibiotic ophthalmic ointment. After reviewing the history and given the high suspicion of KSS, genetic tests were requested to confirm it. Maintenance treatment was settled in BE with high hydration, 20% autologous serum and therapeutic contact lens. After a year of exhaustive monthly follow‐up, the patient remains stable and there is no progression of the corneal thinning.ConclusionsIt is important to take care of the ocular surface in these cases of KSS due to the corneal exposure after ptosis surgery. We must achieve stability in terms of symptoms and visual acuity without incurring other complications such as infections or perforation.
Descemet’s membrane rupture due to forceps injury: macroscopic aspect by anterior segment optical coherence tomography
Authors: El Bakkali Ismael Bakkali , Arias Pablo Cisneros , Rivasés Guillermo Pérez , Murillo Ana Boned , Barreda María Dolores Díaz , Moscarda Eva Josefina Núñez , de Rivas Marta Orejudo , Del Buey Sayas María Ángeles , Puyuelo Francisco Javier Ascaso 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo describe corneal changes after birth trauma from forceps delivery, using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT), in order to reduce the risk of potential anisometropic amblyopia.MethodsA 73‐year‐old female patient came to the ocular surface section consulting for dry eye disease symptoms. At the slit lamp examination, a vertical endothelial stria was observed in the right eye. After an exhaustive anamnesis, the patient referred having a traumatic birth in which forceps had been used.ResultsAn AS‐OCT was performed, showing a vertical rupture in the Descemet membrane secondary to traumatic birth with forceps.ConclusionsDescemet’s membrane rupture can cause corneal oedema which usually clears over time, but those ruptures often persist. The residual corneal changes can result in anisometropia and the main cause of vision loss after such injury is anisometropic amblyopia. The AS‐OCT is a useful diagnostic tool to detect these alterations at early stages.BibliographySarma P, Borgohain M, Tayab S, Sangma CA. Descemet's membrane rupture secondary to forceps‐induced birth injury. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2020;68(10):2253. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.IJO_149_20Alobaidy R, Srinivasan S. Forceps‐induced birth injury to the cornea. BMJ Case Rep. 2014;2014:bcr2013201786. Published 2014 Apr 9. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr‐2013‐201786
Blinking rate with connected glasses in non‐dry eye and dry eye anomalies in healthy volunteers
Authors: Bremond‐Gignac Dominique , Candice Olsak , Sébastien Darmon , Christophe Caquineau , Philippe Peyrard 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeBlinking rate is an essential physiopathological mechanism aiming to maintain a quality tear film layer for ocular surface. The blinking rate may vary with age, environment, medications, ocular surface conditions or anomalies and individuals. Various studies demonstrated how dry eye the most common ocular surface anomaly affects the blinking rate. As we know dry eye is a common pathology in general population, we included healthy volunteers. Our aim is to study blinking rate with connected glasses in healthy volunteers with dry eye and non‐dry eye anomalies.MethodsIn our study, we selected and included 20 healthy volunteers with 40 eyes (of 25) with signed informed consent, from 10 to 40 yo (mean age 25,5 yo) assessing some of the volunteers may present dry eye anomalies. A signed consent was obtained according to legal regulation. A complete ocular examination was performed including automated NIBUT and Meibography with Lacrydiag (Quantel). The volunteers accepted to wear the connected glasses “Prudensee” (Ellcie Healthy) during one hour in practical day life. Then the collected data were analyzed with an algorithm. The connected glasses integrate an infrared oculometer that measures blinking rate. They also integrate a gyroscope and an accelerometer useful for head speed however mt used in the study.ResultsOf the 20 subjects, 9 were diagnosed with mild to moderate dry eye anomalies. The blinking rate was significantly increased of 36% comparing to the 11 subjects with no ocular surface anomalies. Blinking rate measured was increased statistically significative in the 3 groups of age 10–20 yo, 20–30 yo and 30–40 yo and a marked trend in dry eye subjects.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated an increase in blinking rate in subjects with dry eye anomalies. Further studies with connected glasses are needed to evaluate blinking rate in various anomalies of ocular surface with larger number of subjects.
Anterior segment optical coherence tomography findings after penetrating keratoplasty
Authors: Meriem Ouederni , Ammar Hamdi Ben , Fehmy Nafaa , Maamouri Rym , Hela Sassi , Monia Cheour 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to assess the contribution of early anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT) after penetrating keratoplasty (PK) by analyzing the appositions of posterior graft‐host junction (GHJ), the tomographic aspect of the graft and the iridocorneal angle (ICA).MethodsA prospective cross‐sectional study including 33 eyes of 32 patients treated with penetrating keratoplasty for various preoperative diagnosis (hydrops, keratoconus, bullous keratopathy, infectious keratitis, ocular trauma, corneal perforation, corneal dystrophy and graft failure). All patients underwent complete ophthalmic examination. Early AS‐OCT (Day 1‐10 postoperative) was done to assess the posterior GHJ, the central corneal thickness, the posterior graft corrugations and the ICA. GHJ patterns were classified as well‐apposed, and mal‐apposed (gap, step, and protrusion). Tomographic features were correlated to best‐corrected visual acuity, and postoperative complications.ResultsThe mean early postoperative central corneal thickness was 643.63 μm. Posterior corrugations were found in 47% of cases, in patients with graft thickness higher than 590 μm. ICA was open except in 4 eyes, among them, two eyes presented anterior synechia, and developed ocular hypertension and graft rejection. A total of 132 graft‐ host cross‐sections were analyzed. 67% were well‐apposed and 33% were mal‐apposed. Steps have been noted in 8 eyes, followed by Gapes in 3 eyes, and Protrusion in 2 cases. Graft‐steps were present in 4 GHJ and all of these patients had keratoconus as a preoperative diagnosis. Among them, one eye underwent surgical revision for persistent graft edema. Host‐steps were detected in 4 mal‐apposed junctions. Best‐corrected visual acuity showed significant difference with the gap and step patterns of malapposition junctions.ConclusionsAS‐OCT is a non‐invasive imaging tool offering high‐resolution corneal imaging. It visualizes the posterior GHJ and ICA beyond a non‐transparent cornea. It is useful for evaluating and monitoring the PK outcomes allowing early detection and management of postoperative complications.
Association between physical activity/exercise and dry eye disease: a scoping review
Authors: Navarro‐Lopez Sergio , Moya‐Ramón Manuel , Gallar Juana , Aracil‐Marco Adolfo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo find evidences of the potential association between physical activity/exercise (PA/E) and dry eye disease (DED).MethodsA literature search was performed according to PRISMA guidelines on PubMed and Scopus, covering all the papers published up to May 2021. An extensive series of descriptors related to both, PA/E and dry eye were combined. The quality of the reports was analyzed according to the PEDro scale.ResultsA very limited number of publications related to the topic could be found. Most were observational and cross‐sectional studies. In most of them, PA/E was self‐reported using non‐validated instruments or questionnaires asking for PA/E characteristics (frequency, duration, intensity, etc.) below the recommendations on PA/E for health by the World Health Organization. Many studies focused on video‐display terminals or sedentary time, rather than on PA/E itself, and only in one of them the potential association between PA/E and DED was clearly analyzed. A cross‐sectional, interventional study was also found. In some works, the reverse association, that is, the impact of DED‐associated pathologies, such as Sjögren syndrome on PA/E was reported.ConclusionsPublished literature relating PA/E and DED is scarce and its quality is limited to extract clear associations between PA/E and DED. Better study design and instruments are needed for future works. Given the current prevalence of DED and the efforts of health administrations to promote PA/E among the general population, the potential association between these two variables deserves further and deeper analysis.
Plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF ‐ENDORET®) to rescue necrotized orbital dermis‐fat grafts
Authors: Soares Ricardo Machado , Prazeres Sandra 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo report the clinical course of three patients treated with topical plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) to rescue Dermal‐fat grafts (DFG) with graft ulceration (GU).MethodsRetrospective, case‐series study of three patients diagnosed with GU in DFG and treated with PRGF. Drops were applied 4 times per day and treatment was maintained until the GU resolved. Data were collected from medical records and anterior segment photos.ResultsAll patients showed a favorable response to topical PRGF having accomplished full resolution of the GU within a mean of 30 days of treatment (range: 21–35 days). During the full extent of follow‐up, no side‐effects, signs of rejection or necrosis were reported and every patient was pleased with the final aesthetic result.ConclusionsOur results suggest that PRGF could be an effective treatment for dermal graft ulceration in patients who underwent DFG surgery/implantation, mainly due to its low morbidity when compared to traditional procedures.
Evaluation of corneal backscatter using Scheimpflug imaging in Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy
Authors: Moscarda Eva Josefina Núñez , Boned‐Murillo Ana , Díaz‐Barreda Mª Dolores , El Bakkali Ismael Bakkali , Rivasés Guillermo Pérez , Cisneros Pablo , deRivas Marta Orejudo , Karlsruher Gisela , Del Buey Sayas María Ángeles 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo compare corneal densitometry obtained using Scheimpflug imaging in the eyes of patients with Fuchs' Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy (FECD) versus the eyes of controls without corneal pathology.MethodsAn observational cross‐sectional case‐control study was carried out on 26 eyes of 14 patients with FECD, and 20 eyes of 11 controls in which corneal pathology had previously been ruled out. All patients underwent a Scheimpflug corneal tomography with Pentacam HR. An analysis of the corneal densitometry results is performed by corneal layers divided into anterior (120 µm), central and posterior (60 µm) and in different areas of concentric circumferences: 0–2 mm; 2–6 mm; 6–10 mm; 10–12 mm.ResultsIn the FECD group, the mean backscatter of light was higher than the control group in the circumferences of 0–2 and 2‐6 mm in the anterior, central and posterior layers (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found in the 6–10 and 10–12 mm circumferences. In the posterior layer, the total backscatter average was higher in the FECD group (p < 0.05).ConclusionsPatients with FECD present higher corneal densitometry values than subjects without corneal pathology in the posterior layer of the cornea and in the central circumferences of the anterior, central and posterior layers.
Development of superimposing electroretinogram for identifying the retinal layer causing a decline in visual sensitivity at arbitrary points on the retina
Authors: Suzuki Naoto 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeAlthough the decline in visual sensitivity of the retina can be measured by microperimetry, it is difficult to identify the retinal layer causing this decline. We investigated cryptogenic diseases, such as macular dystrophy, by developing an electroretinogram (ERG) superimposing seven multifocal hexagonal stimulus arrays on the background of a multifocal array.MethodsThis apparatus is made of illumination and photographic optical systems separated by a mirror with a hole. In addition, it is made of a microperimetry optical system and an ERG optical system separated by a cold mirror. The device consists of an Edmund infrared camera EO‐50231, a lens with a 25‐mm focal length, a halogen lamp, an objective lens with a 50‐mm focal length, 4 double convex lenses with a 100‐mm focal length, 2 aperture stops, a mirror, a 45° cold mirror, an 8‐inch monitor and an artificial eye. We deployed a differential amplifier with gain 10, high‐pass filter with a 21.2‐Hz cut‐off frequency, 60‐Hz notch filter and two non‐inverting amplifiers with gains 1001 and 11. Moreover, we used the National Instruments' I/O device USB‐6212, the Nihon Kohden's plate electrode NE‐113A, the Nihon Kohden's electromagnetic shield sheet Y049 and the LabVIEW 2018 software for data retrieval. The background of the ERG software consists of 11 layers and 330 arrays and uses seven arrays as the examination target. The centre of these seven arrays has the same area, with an array directly placed under it on the background; and the system superimposes these arrays. We developed the ERG software, which was able to display the adjusted background from 18.0 to 30.0 mm and it almost did not have the delay time of a flicker stimulation as the frequency was changed from 10 to 100 Hz. The ERG software was shown on an HP Pavilion 32‐inch HDR display.ResultsAt the arbitrary position on the fundus, the superimposing ERG was able to measure all waveforms: a wave, b wave, c wave, and photopic negative response. Cone ERG and bright flash ERG were good.ConclusionsIt is expected that the superimposing ERG function would identify the retinal layer causing visual alterations at specific points throughout the retina. Further work towards pre‐clinical animal testing and clinical evaluation are required.