bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MICROPLASTICS IN SOIL: IMPACTS ON ECOSYSTEMS, POTENTIAL SOURCES AND ANALYTICAL RESEARCH METHODS (REVIEW)
Authors: Носова А.О. , Успенская М.В. 
Published: September 2022

Повсеместное использование пластмассы привело к увеличению количества пластикового мусора, накапливающегося в окружающей среде и разрушающегося на мелкие фрагменты, в том числе размером <5 мм – микропластик. За последнее десятилетие все большее количество исследований посвящается потенциальной опасности и методам анализа пластиковых частиц в водной среде. Однако, почвы могут быть загрязнены намного сильнее, при этом мало известно о накоплении микропластика в почве, возможных источниках, последствиях, взаимодействии пластиковых частиц с почвенными организмами и эффективных методах анализа. В данной статье представлен обзор, направленный на представление имеющейся информации о потенциальном экологическом воздействии микрочастиц пластика, возможных источниках и путях попадания в почвы, а также о предлагаемых методах аналитического контроля данного загрязнителя. Обзор позволяет наметить основные методологические проблемы, задачи и перспективы исследований в данной области.
The ubiquitous use of plastics has led to an increase in the amount of plastic debris that accumulates in the environment and breaks down into small fragments, including <5 mm microplastics. Over the past decade, an increasing amount of research has focused on the potential hazards and methods for analyzing plastic particles in the aquatic environment. However, soils can be much more heavily contaminated, and little is known about the accumulation of microplastics in soil, possible sources, consequences, interactions of plastic particles with soil organisms, and effective methods of analysis. This article provides an overview aimed at presenting the available information on the potential environmental impacts of microplastics, possible sources and routes of entry into soils, and proposed methods for the analytical control of this pollutant. The review allows to outline the main methodological problems, tasks and prospects for research in this area.
UMA PROPOSTA PARA ANÁLISE DE COMPONENTES PRINCIPAIS NA PRESENÇA DE VARIÁVEIS NÃO ALEATÓRIAS
Authors: GOMES Juliana Vieira , DIAS Camila Rafaela Gomes , RIBEIRO JUNIOR José Ivo 
Published: September 2022

Para análise exploratória dos componentes principais (CPs), não é exigida a pressuposição de normalidade multivariada das variáveis e, nem necessariamente, que elas sejam aleatórias. Isso significa que variáveis que não se comportam aleatoriamente também podem ser incluídas nessa análise. Desse modo, a fim de realizar a análise dos CPs com variáveis aleatórias ou não, foi proposta uma correção da matriz baseada nos coeficientes de variação (Campana et al., 2010) por meio da aplicação do método de Lenth (1989), cuja nova matriz foi denominada. Para verificar a sua viabilidade, foram simulados dez conjuntos de dados das variáveis aleatórias Y1, Y2, Y3 e Y4, com 10.000 valores cada e que seguiram distribuição normal multivariada. Após a simulação, foram substituídos 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% e 4% dos valores aleatórios de Y4 pelos mesmos e respectivos percentuais de outliers, com o objetivo de quebrar a aleatoriedade da mesma. Posteriormente, foram realizadas análises de superfícies de respostas para oito diferentes erros percentuais médios absolutos obtidos em relação a oito parâmetros relacionados ao desempenho da análise dos CPs, em função dos percentuais de substituição por outliers de Y4 (0, 1, 2, 3 e 4) e das matrizes utilizadas na análise dos CPs. De acordo com os resultados, concluiu-se que, na presença de apenas variáveis aleatórias normais, é a melhor matriz. Por outro lado, quando há a presença de outliers é a mais recomendada.
Strategi Guru Dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pembelajaran Alqur’an Hadits Kelas 4 Di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Musthofa Nusa Tunggal
Authors: Sutikno Muhammad , Sari Resti Septika 
Published: September 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan bagaimana strategi guru dalam meningkatkan mutu pembelajaran Alqur’an Hadits kelas 4 di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Musthofa Nusa Tunggal. Penelitian ini menggunakan data kualititatif. Data penelitian diperoleh observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah dengan teknik kajian isi (content analysis) dan deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik ini dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi data yang diperoleh, diolah kemudian dianalisis secara konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi yang digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran Alqur’an Hadits kelas 4 MI Al-Musthofa Nusa Tunggal. Guru menggunakan strategi pembelajaran tidak langsung / berpusat pada siswa. Dalam meningkatkan mutu pembelajaran Alqur’an Hadits yang dilaksanakan oleh guru mata pelajaran Alqur’an Hadits di kelas 4 MI Al-Musthofa Nusa Tunggal, yaitu pertama, seorang guru harus bisa membuat RPP, Kedua, guru harus mempunyai sikap profesional dan kreatifitas (kreatif, inovatif, aktif), Ketiga, kesadaran guru akan tujuan pembelajaran, Keempat, guru menganjurkan peserta didik untuk mempunyai sumber belajar lain selain LKS.
Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berbicara Siswa Melalui Teknik Debat
Authors: Tatik  
Published: September 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan peningkatan keterampilan berbicara siswa dengan menggunakan metode debat di kelas VI MIN 2 OKU Timur. Jenis penelitian adalah PTK, pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Subjek penelitian 27 siswa kelas VI MIN 2 OKU Timur. Perencanaan siklus I memperoleh persentase sebesar 82,14%, siklus II 92,85%. Pelaksanaan siklus I sebesar 81,25%, siklus II sebesar 95%. Keterampilan berbicara pada siklus I 78,54%, siklus II 93,15%. Dengan demikian, metode debat dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara siswa kelas VI MIN 2 OKU Timur.
Sociocultural Information Gap in the Dive Tourism Industry: Evidence from Komodo National Park
Authors: Berto Agustinus Rusdianto , Murwani Endah 
Published: September 2022

Through the perspective of partnership for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 17th), this study aims to identify and describe the information gaps among stakeholders of the dive tourism industry of Komodo National Park as one of the super-priority tourism destinations in Indonesia. Researchers studied documents, performed field observation, and conducted in-depth interviews with 20 stakeholders. Qualitative content analysis revealed several notable findings. First, the information gaps among stakeholders are generally linked to knowledge disparity about tourism-technical and local sociocultural issues. Sociocultural information, particularly on environment preservation issues, shows the tendency to predominate everyday discourse rather than tourism technical information. Second, the foreigner community appears to be better than local stakeholders at mastering the sociocultural information discourse, particularly in terms of collaboration on environment preservation information. Further studies are needed to examine the interaction among actors predominating the sociocultural information management and their strategies to collaborate in maximizing the role of Destination Management Organization-Destination Governance (DMO-DG).
Pengaruh Komunikasi Interpersonal, Kampanye Sosial Media dan Citra Organisasi terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen di Bea Cukai Surakarta
Authors: Sunardiyah Fina , Pawito Pawito , Isrun Naini Albert Muhammad 
Published: September 2022

Komunikasi interpersonal merupakan teknik komunikasi kerap kali dipergunakan untuk memudahkan pelayanan kepada konsumen serta dapat meningkatkan citra organisasi sebuah organisasi. Komunikasi interpersonal masih dianggap kurang penting dalam pengelolaan organisasi, karena kurangnya pemahaman pimpinan atau SDM yang terdapat di dalamnya. Tujuan pembuatan riset ini ialah memastikan dampak dari upaya atau kontribusi Kantor Bea Cukai Surakarta melalui komunikasi interpersonal, kampanye media sosial terhadap kepuasan konsumen melalui citra organisasi sebagai variabel intervening. Metode penelitian ini ialah kuantitatif dengan perolehan data melalui 100 responden menggunakan purposive sampling. Data didapat melalui kuesioner. Analisis penelitian menggunakan smart PLS. Hasil Penelitian menyebutkan citra organisasi berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan konsumen dan citra organisasi mampu memediasi hubungan komunikasi interpersonal dan kampanye media sosial terhadap kepuasan konsumen. Kontribusi penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komunikasi interpersonal, kampanye media sosial berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan konsumen, komunikasi interpersonal dan kampanye media sosial berpengaruh terhadap citra organisasi. Substansi penelitian memberikan kontribusi kepada kantor bea cukai berupa komunikasi interpersonal dan citra organisasi serta kampanye sosial media akan memberikan dampak yang penting bagi keberhasilan lembaga dalam mencapai tujuannya untuk menertibkan pemungutan bea dan cukai. Kantor bea cukai diharapkan dapat memberikan sebuah kontribusi yang mampu untuk memajukan lembaga melalui komunikasi interpersonal, kampanye media sosial yang dimulai dari pihak internal organisasi.
Insulated Piston Fire Face for Diesel Engines
Authors: Tricoire A. , Kjellman B. , Wigren J. , Vanvolsem M. , Aixala L. , Serrano J.R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Widely studied in the 1980s, the insulation of pistons in engines aimed at reducing the heat losses and thus increasing the indicated efficiency. However, those studies stopped in the beginning of the 1990s due to NOx emission legislation, and also due to acceptable oil prices. Nowadays, with the improvement of exhaust after treatment systems (Diesel Particulate Filter, Selective Catalytic Reduction, and Diesel Oxidation Catalyst) and engine technologies (Exhaust Gas Recirculation), there are more trade-offs for NOx reduction. Besides, the fast rise of the oil prices tends to come back to insulation technologies in order to save fuel. This paper deals with the realization of a 1 mm thick plasma sprayed thermal barrier coating with a graded transition between the topcoat and the bondcoat on top of a serial piston for heavy-duty truck engines (11L displacement – Exhaust Gas recirculation – Single Stage Turbocharger with Variable Geometry Turbine and intercooler). The effects of the insulated pistons on the engine performance are also discussed.
Increase in Graphite Carbon in Plasma-Sprayed Cast Iron Coatings Based on Flying Droplet Diagnostic
Authors: Tsunekawa Y. , Kozaki T. , Iwata K. , Okumiya M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cast iron coatings containing solid lubricant of graphite are an attractive candidate for wear resistant applications of an aluminum alloy substrate. It is difficult to generate a graphite structure in coatings sprayed with as-atomized cast iron powder which contains a few graphite owing to their high solidification rate. Although a graphite structure is remained in coatings sprayed with fully annealed cast iron powder, graphite carbon becomes lower than that in the annealed powder because of the in-flight oxidation and dissolution of graphite into molten iron. The present study is focused on an increase in graphite carbon through flying droplet diagnostic at a certain spray distance, that is, in-situ measurements of droplet temperature and velocity. Water-atomized cast iron powder which was annealed at 900°C for 3.6ks, was supplied as a spray material. The fully annealed powder was plasma-sprayed onto an aluminum alloy substrate, as well as carrying out flying droplet diagnostic. The amount of graphite carbon can be estimated by flying droplet temperature and velocity, which are controlled by spray parameters such as plasma gas flow rate and plasma current. It is confirmed that droplet velocity exhibits stronger influence on graphite carbon compared with droplet temperature. High velocity causes an increase in graphite carbon, so that it is possible to fabricate graphite-graded cast iron coatings with high amount at the surface and low at the interface.
A Microstructural Study of Cold Sprayed Cu Coatings on 2017 Al Alloy
Authors: Triantou K.I. , Sarafoglou Ch.I. , Pantelis D.I. , Christoulis D.K. , Guipont V. , Jeandin M. , Zaroulias A. , Vardavoulias M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the microstructure (including surface roughness, microstructure and microhardness) of cold sprayed copper coatings on 2017 Al alloy, before and after annealing at 350°C for 1h. It seemed that keeping constant the powder flow rate and increasing the gas pressure from 2.0 to 2.5 MPa, the surface roughness of the coating tended to decrease, while the thickness of the coating tended to increase. Also, it seemed that keeping constant the pressure and increasing the powder flow rate from 22 to 130 g/min, the surface roughness and the thickness of the coating tended to increase. The microstructural study of the coatings after etching revealed particle interfaces and in some cases grain boundaries. Twins were observed in some of the coatings. Negligible porosity, absence of cracks and good adhesion of the coatings to the substrate were observed. The microhardness of the coatings varied between 95 HV0.3 and 150 HV0.3 for the different employed cold sprayed conditions. After coatings’ annealing the microhardness of all the coatings (cold sprayed and HVOF sprayed) decreased. The aforementioned results were compared with those of HVOF coating.
Development of Coatings and the Influence of Industrial Gases on the Thermal Spray Process
Authors: Krömmer W. , Heinrich P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Equipment engineering, materials, gases and know-how are integral to the smooth operation of any system. The user often focuses on the attributes of the individual systems, but it is only in conjunction with all their components that the merits of the process can be exploited to the full. Here, industrial gases serve as essential building blocks which positively affect the process in an endless variety of ways. The optimization of costs, extended lifetime of systems and tailoring of coating properties to suit specific applications are just some of these influencing variables. Gas producers test countless facilities and thermal spray systems in their own laboratories and are therefore always in a position to provide the right solution for existing and new applications.
Effects of Plasma Spray Distance on Properties of Ni-Al Intermetallic Coating by Utilizing of Mechanically Alloyed Powders
Authors: Moshref Javadi M. , Edris H. , Salehi M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this research mechanically alloyed Ni-Al powders were used for production of plasma sprayed coatings and effect of spray distance on the phases, microstructure and hardness of the coatings are examined. Three types of Ni-Al powder were made by METCO, LobaChemi and mechanical alloying, were used for comparing coating properties. Coatings are examined by XRD, SEM, EDAX and microhardness measurements. However intermetallic phases were not found in mechanically alloyed powder, but coatings contained these phases. This shows that heat energy of plasma spray caused formation of NiAl phases during flying of particles to substrate or after reaching to substrate. Comparison of coatings properties indicated that mechanical alloying of powders caused improving mechanical properties and decreasing porosity percentage of coatings. Change of spray distance caused changing in phases, porosity percentage and microhardness of coatings. Best spray distance for spraying of the made powder determined as 11cm.
Development of Wear Resistant Ceramic Coatings by HFPD
Authors: Parco M. , Barykin G. , Fagoaga I. , Vaquero C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The high frequency pulse detonation (HFPD) process has shown to be a cost effective spray technique for the deposition of highly dense and erosion resistant YSZ ceramic coatings. In comparison to the coatings produced by conventional APS, a significant improvement of the wear performance can be achieved by the HFPD process as result of the high coating compactness. This work deals with the deposition of different ZrO2 and Al2O3 based ceramic powders by the HFPD technique, for the development of highly dense and wear resistant ceramic layers. During this development, the gun configuration and the process parameters (gas flows, explosion frequency, spray distance and cinematic conditions) have been optimised to get the best deposition performance. The resulting coatings have been characterised in terms of the microstructure, the microhardness and the sliding wear performance under dry conditions. In comparison to the plasma sprayed coatings produced with equivalent process conditions, the coatings deposited with the HFPD process are significantly harder and their sliding wear resistance is two–three-fold higher for YSZ coatings and five-six-fold higher for Al2O3 coatings. Furthermore, the HFPD process is able to produce highly dense and hard functional coatings in one spray pass, suitable for wear protective applications.
Gas Permeability of Porous Plasma Sprayed Coatings
Authors: Wittmann-Ténèze K. , Pereira J.-M. , Tourenne P. , Caron N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
For different applications, it is on interest to understand the relationship between the microstructure and the transverse permeability of a plasma sprayed coating. In the SOFC field, for example, the electrodes are very often characterized in term of porosity, particularly when they are elaborated by sintering. This can’t be applied to thermally sprayed coatings because of their very singular microstructure, lamellar and isotropic, depending strongly on the initial material and plasma conditions. In this study, coatings were manufactured by plasma spraying using different spraying parameters, many proportion of a porous agent, metallic or ceramic powders and two particles size in order to obtain various microporous structure. Measurements of their permeation with the pressure drop method and their open porosity just as the observation of the morphology and the structure by optical microscopy were achieved. The different data show that the evolution of the transverse permeability with the open porosity follows the Kozeny-Carman equation. This result correlated with the microstructural observation highlights the relationship between the permeability and the physical properties of porous plasma sprayed layers.
Co-Deposited Ceramic/Polymer Coatings for Tailored Insulation
Authors: Gulizia S. , Jahedi M.Z. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The application of ceramic die coatings on tool steel dies in the casting industry has been common practice for many decades. The main function of these coatings is to provide a thermal barrier to prevent premature solidification during die filling, and protect the tool steel die from the effects of molten metal during casting with aluminium alloys. Although these coatings provide good insulation they are fragile and require on-going in-situ maintenance by machine operators. These inherent poor qualities makes the die casting process difficult to control and to maintain cast product quality because the solidification pattern and porosity changes and leads to increased cast product rejects. To overcome the limitations a novel die coat has been developed for the light metal casting industry utilising thermal spraying of co-deposited MgZrO2 and polymer particles. The coating is then thermally treated to reveal a fine network of porosity that has been found by heat transfer coefficient testing to enhance the thermal properties and overall coating durability during casting. This paper describes the porosity control system which was used to tailor the heat transfer coefficient of co-deposited MgZrO2 and polymer coatings and compare them with the heat transfer coefficient of commercially available die coats. The inherent porosity and the overall coating thickness were found to have a large effect on the heat transfer coefficient. Results of industrial trials are also presented and show that co-deposited MgZrO2 and polymer coatings provide considerable improvements to productivity and enhanced coating life in Gravity and Low Pressure Die casting of aluminium alloys.
Suspension HVOF Spraying of Reduced Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Electrolytes
Authors: Oberste Berghaus J. , Legoux J.-G. , Moreau C. , Hui R. , Decès-Petit C. , Qu W. , Yick S. , Wang Z. , Maric R. , Ghosh D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) composed of a Ce0.8Sm0.2O2-δ (SDC) electrolyte layer and Ni- Ce0.8Sm0.2O2-δ (Ni-SDC) cermet anode were fabricated by suspension thermal spraying on Hastelloy X substrates. The cathode, a Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3 (SSCo)-SDC composite, was screen-printed and fired in-situ. The anode was produced by suspension plasma spraying (SPS) using an axial injection plasma torch. The SDC electrolyte was produced by high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spraying of liquid suspension feedstock, using propylene fuel (DJ- 2700). The emerging technology of HVOF suspension spraying was here explored to produce thin and low-porosity electrolytes in an effort to develop a cost-effective and scalable fabrication technique for high-performance, metal-supported SOFCs. In-flight particle temperature and velocity was measured for a number of different gun operating conditions and standoff distances and related to the resulting microstructures. At optimized conditions, this approach was found to limit material decomposition, enhance deposition efficiency and reduce defect density in the resulting coating, as compare to previous results reported with SPS. Produced button cells showed highly promising performance with a maximum power density (MPD) of 0.5 Wcm-2 at 600°C and above 0.9 Wcm-2 at 700°C, with humidified hydrogen as fuel and air as oxidant. The potential of this deposition technique to scale-up the substrate size to 50 X 50 mm was demonstrated.
Characterizations of Cold-Sprayed Nickel-Alumina Composite Coating with Relatively Large Nickel-Coated Alumina Powder
Authors: Li W.-Y. , Li J.L. , Zhang C. , Liao H. , Coddet C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The previous studies indicate that the fabrication of metal matrix composites (MMCs) by cold spraying is effective and promising. When light materials, such as SiC and Al2O3, were used as reforcements, it is difficult to obtain a high volume fraction of hard phase in the composite just through the simple powder mixture. Therefore, in this study, a Ni-coated Al2O3 powder, which was produced through hydrothermal hydrogen reduction method, was employed aiming at increasing the volume fraction of ceramic particles in the deposited composite coating. It was found that a dense Ni-Al2O3 composite coating could be deposited with the Ni-coated Al2O3 powder under the present spray conditions. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the composite coating had the same phase structures as the feedstock. The volume fraction of Al2O3 in the composite was about 29±6%, which is less than that in the feedstock (nominal: 40-45%) due to the rebound of some Al2O3 particulates upon kinetic impacting. The microhardness of the composite coating was about 173±33Hv0.2.