bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new approach to the determination of tubular membrane capacitance: passive membrane electrical properties under reduced electrical conductivity of the extracellular solution
Authors: Šimurda Jiří , Šimurdová Milena , Švecová Olga , Bébarová Markéta 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe transverse-axial tubular system (tubular system) of cardiomyocytes plays a key role in excitation–contraction coupling. To determine the area of the tubular membrane in relation to the area of the surface membrane, indirect measurements through the determination of membrane capacitances are currently used in addition to microscopic methods. Unlike existing electrophysiological methods based on an irreversible procedure (osmotic shock), the proposed new approach uses a reversible short-term intermittent increase in the electrical resistance of the extracellular medium. The resulting increase in the lumen resistance of the tubular system makes it possible to determine separate capacitances of the tubular and surface membranes. Based on the analysis of the time course of the capacitive current, computational relations were derived to quantify the elements of the electrical equivalent circuit of the measured cardiomyocyte including both capacitances. The exposition to isotonic low-conductivity sucrose solution is reversible which is the main advantage of the proposed approach allowing repetitive measurements on the same cell under control and sucrose solutions. Experiments on rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (n = 20) resulted in the surface and tubular capacitance values implying the fraction of tubular capacitance/area of 0.327 ± 0.018. We conclude that the newly proposed method provides results comparable to the data obtained by the currently used detubulation method and, in addition, by being reversible, allows repeated evaluation of surface and tubular membrane parameters on the same cell.
PAX5 P80R-mutated B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with transformation to histiocytic sarcoma: clonal evolution assessment using NGS-based immunoglobulin clonality and mutation analysis
Authors: Kroeze Leonie I. , Scheijen B. , Hebeda K. M. , Rijntjes J. , Luijks J. A. C. W. , Evers D. , Hobo W. , Groenen P. J. T. A. , van den Brand M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Clonality assessment by the detection of immunoglobulin (IG) gene rearrangements is an important method to determine whether two concurrent or subsequent lymphoid malignancies in one patient are clonally related. Here, we report the detailed clonality analysis in a patient with a diagnosis of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) followed by a histiocytic sarcoma (HS), in which we were able to study clonal evolution by applying next generation sequencing (NGS) to identify IG rearrangements and gene mutations. Using the sequence information of the NGS-based IG clonality analysis, multiple related subclones could be distinguished in the PAX5 P80R-mutated B-ALL. Notably, only one of these subclones evolved into HS after acquiring a RAF1 mutation. This case demonstrates that NGS-based IG clonality assessment and mutation analysis provide clear added value for clonal comparison and thereby improves clinicobiological understanding.
Evaluating the Therapeutic Application of Neuromodulation in the Human Swallowing System
Authors: Cheng Ivy , Sasegbon Ayodele , Hamdy Shaheen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In the last two decades, the focus of neurogenic dysphagia management has moved from passive compensatory strategies to evidence-based rehabilitative approaches. Advances in technology have enabled the development of novel treatment approaches such as neuromodulation techniques, which target the promotion of neurological reorganization for functional recovery of swallowing. Given the rapid pace of development in the field, this review aims to summarize the current findings on the effects of neuromodulation techniques on the human swallowing system and evaluate their therapeutic potential for neurogenic dysphagia. Implications for future clinical research and practical considerations for using neuromodulation in clinical practice will also be discussed.
Outcome of endoscopic vacuum therapy for duodenal perforation
Authors: Chevallay Mickael , Lorenz Florian , Bichard Philippe , Frossard Jean-Louis , Schmidt Thomas , Goeser Tobias , Bruns Christiane Josephine , Mönig Stefan P. , Chon Seung-Hun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Duodenal defects are complex clinical situations, and their management is challenging and associated with high mortality. Besides surgery, endoscopic treatment options exist, but the size and location of the perforation can limit their application. We present a retrospective study, demonstrating a successful application of endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) for duodenal leaks.

Methods
We performed a retrospective study of all patients who underwent EVT for duodenal perforations between 2016 and 2021 at two tertiary centers. We analyzed demographic and clinical patient characteristics, surgical outcomes, leak characteristics, sponge-related complications, and success rate.

Results
Indications for treatment with EVT in the duodenum consisted of leak after duodenal suture of a perforated ulcer (n = 4), iatrogenic perforation after endoscopic resection (n = 2), iatrogenic perforation during surgery (n = 2), and anastomotic leak after upper gastrointestinal surgery (n = 2). EVT was used as a first-line treatment in seven patients and as a second-line treatment in three patients. EVT was successfully applied in all interventions (n = 10, 100%). Overall, EVT lead to definitive closure of the defects in eight out of ten patients (80%). No severe EVT-related adverse events occurred.

Conclusion
EVT is safe and technically feasible, so it emerges as a promising endoscopic treatment option for duodenal leaks. However, multidisciplinary collaboration and management are important to reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications, and to improve recovery rates.
Regularity for nonlocal problems with non-standard growth
Authors: Chaker Jamil , Kim Minhyun , Weidner Marvin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe study robust regularity estimates for local minimizers of nonlocal functionals with non-standard growth of (p, q)-type and for weak solutions to a related class of nonlocal equations. The main results of this paper are local boundedness and Hölder continuity of minimizers and weak solutions. Our approach is based on the study of corresponding De Giorgi classes.
There is a great variety of orthopaedic conditions presenting to a large hospital in Sierra Leone: a 3-year prospective study
Authors: Howard Anthony , Bolton William , Wood Alexander , Hodgson Harry , Scott Julian , Jayne David , Bundu Ibrahum 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
In Sierra Leone there is a large void in orthopaedic research into the type of orthopaedic injuries, both acute and chronic. Improved data collection is essential in providing insight to guide health care planning and research. This study aims to outline the types of orthopaedic injury sustained.

Method
Data were prospectively collected by local surgeons in the Orthopaedic outpatient department at a large hospital between January 2016 and January 2019.

Results
The orthopaedic department saw a mean 728 patients per year, with mean age 24.0 years. The workload comprised of 64.92% acute orthopaedic conditions or their complications, with 35.08% elective orthopaedics. Fractures made up the largest proportion of clinical appointments, annually 244.33 fractures; however there was a high incidence of osteomyelitis.

Conclusion
The study gives an important insight into the types and distribution of elective and trauma orthopaedic injuries sustained in Sierra Leone, which has not been previously reported, and highlights key areas where resources may be focused in order to improve clinical outcomes.
I-European research, the cradle of the discovery of the antidiabetic hormone: the pioneer roles and the relevance of Oskar Minkowski and Eugène Gley
Authors: de Leiva-Hidalgo Alberto , de Leiva-Pérez Alejandra 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Aims
The introduction of hormonal treatment in severe diabetes in 1922 represented a clinical and social impact similar to that of antibiotic therapy. In October 1923, the Assembly of the Karolinska Institute decided to award the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to the Canadian Frederick Grant Banting and the Scottish John James Rickard Macleod, researchers at the University of Toronto (UT), for "the discovery of insulin a year before". A few weeks later, European and American researchers protested the decision. The controversy remains to this day.

Methods
We have conducted a comprehensive review of primary and critical sources focused on the
organotherapy of animal and human diabetes mellitus since 1889, when Oskar Minkowski demonstrated the induction of experimental diabetes by total pancreatectomy in the dog, until the spring of 1923, when the Nobel Foundation had already received all the nominations for the award in Physiology or Medicine.

Results
The in-depth analysis of all these sources revealed that Europe was the cradle of the discovery of the antidiabetic hormone. The discovery involved multiple research steps headed by a long list of key investigators, mainly European.

Conclusion
Marcel Eugène Émile Gley was the first to demonstrate the presence of the “antidiabetic principle” in extracts from “sclerosed” pancreas. The French physiologist pioneered the successful reduction of glycosuria and diabetic symptoms by the parenteral administration of pancreatic extracts to depancreatized dogs in experiments developed between 1890 and 1905, antedating insulin in two decades.
Macro- and microphysical characteristics of snowfall and non-snowfall clouds in the West Tianshan Mountains of China based on cloud radar
Authors: Zhang Jinru , Li Haoran , Zeng Yong , Yang Lianmei , Li Jiangang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe macro- and microphysical characteristics of wintertime precipitating clouds and non-precipitating clouds over the West Tianshan Mountains, China, were analyzed with the use of Ka-band radar and weighing rain gauge observations. The data were collected from January to February 2019, December 2019, and from December 2020 to February 2021. Snowfall clouds mainly ranged from 0.15 ~ 2.50 km and had a reflectivity (Z) of mostly 10 ~ 33 dBZ. Non-snowfall clouds were primarily distributed within the height range of 2 ~ 8 km, and the Z values were within the range of − 22 ~ 15 dBZ. Compared with non-snowfall clouds, snowfall clouds have a higher particle water content (M) but a similar radial velocity (V). Light and moderate snowfall clouds were mainly located at heights of 0.15 ~ 3.50 km and had Z values concentrated from 5 ~ 24 dBZ. Heavy snowfall clouds were characterized by a Z of 5 ~ 30 dBZ below 3.5 km. The proportion of clouds with an M value > 0.1 g·m−3 below 2 km was noticeably higher for heavy snow events than for light and moderate snow events. The differences in the distributions and values of snowfall cloud V values were small among the different snow types, and descending motions occurred below 6 km, with V ranging − 1.4 ~ − 0.3 m·s−1. The heights of the non-snowfall cloud top and base during the day were lower than those at night. The snowfall cloud top did not show noticeable diurnal variations. The cloud top and base heights of the non-snowfall clouds both showed a single-peak distribution. The cloud top values of snowfall clouds exhibited bimodal distributions.
Performance of a regional climate model with interactive vegetation (REMO-iMOVE) over Central Asia
Authors: Rai P. , Ziegler K. , Abel D. , Pollinger F. , Paeth H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The current study evaluates the regional climate model REMO (v2015) and its new version REMO-iMOVE, including interactive vegetation and plant functional types (PFTs), over two Central Asian domains for the period of 2000–2015 at two different horizontal resolutions (0.44° and 0.11°). Various statistical metrices along with mean bias patterns for precipitation, temperature, and leaf area index have been used for the model evaluation. A better representation of the spatial pattern of precipitation is found at 0.11° resolution over most of Central Asia. Regarding the mean temperature, both model versions show a high level of agreement with the validation data, especially at the higher resolution. This also reduces the biases in maximum and minimum temperature. Generally, REMO-iMOVE shows an improvement regarding the temperature bias but produces a larger precipitation bias compared to the REMO conventional version with interannually static vegetation. Since the coupled version is capable to simulate the mean climate of Central Asia like its parent version, both can be used for impact studies and future projections. However, regarding the new vegetation scheme and its spatiotemporal representation exemplified by the leaf area index, REMO-iMOVE shows a clear advantage over REMO. This better simulation is caused by the implementation of more realistic and interactive vegetation and related atmospheric processes which consequently add value to the regional climate model.
Short- and long-term outcomes in ypT2 rectal cancer patients after neoadjuvant therapy and local excision: a multicentre observational study
Authors: Peltrini Roberto , Castiglioni Simone , Imperatore Nicola , Ortenzi Monica , Rega Daniela , Romeo Valentina , Caracino Valerio , Liberatore Edoardo , Basti Massimo , Santoro Emanuele , Bracale Umberto , Delrio Paolo , Mucilli Felice , Guerrieri Mario , Corcione Francesco 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Although local excision (LE) after neoadjuvant treatment (NT) has achieved encouraging oncological outcomes in selected patients, radical surgery still remains the rule when unfavorable pathology occurs. However, there is a risk of undertreating patients not eligible for radical surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of patients with pathological incomplete response (ypT2) in a multicentre cohort of patients undergoing LE after NT and to compare them with ypT0-is-1 rectal cancers.

Methods
From 2010 to 2019, all patients who underwent LE after NT for rectal cancer were identified from five institutional retrospective databases. After excluding 12 patients with ypT3 tumors, patients with ypT2 tumors were compared to patients with ypT0-is-1 tumors). The endpoints of the study were early postoperative and long-term oncological outcomes.

Results
A total of 177 patients (132 males, 45 females, median age 70 [IQR 16] years) underwent LE following NT. There were 46 ypT2 patients (39 males, 7 females, median age 72 [IQR 18.25] years) and 119 ypT0-is-1 patients (83 males, 36 females, median age 69 [IQR 15] years). Patients with pathological incomplete response (ypT2) were frailer than the ypT0-is-1 patients (mean Charlson Comorbidity Index 6.15 ± 2.43 vs. 5.29 ± 1.99; p = 0.02) and there was a significant difference in the type of NT used for the two groups (long- course radiotherapy: 100 (84%) vs. 23 (63%), p = 0.006; short-course radiotherapy: 19 (16%) vs. 17 (37%), p = 0.006). The postoperative rectal bleeding rate (13% vs. 1.7%; p = 0.008), readmission rate (10.9% vs. 0.8%; p = 0.008) and R1 resection rate (8.7% vs. 0; p = 0.008) was significantly higher in the ypT2 group. Recurrence rates were comparable between groups (5% vs. 13%; p = 0.15). Five-year overall survival was 91.3% and 94.9% in the ypT2 and ypT0-is-1 groups, respectively (p = 0.39), while 5-year cancer specific survival was 93.4% in the ypT2 group and 94.9% in the ypT0-is-1 group (p = 0.70). No difference was found in terms of 5-year local recurrence free-survival (p = 0.18) and 5-year distant recurrence free-survival (p = 0.37).

Conclusions
Patients with ypT2 tumors after NT and LE have a higher risk of late-onset rectal bleeding and positive resection margins than patients with complete or near complete response. However, long-term recurrence rates and survival seem comparable.
Plastic-inhabiting fungi in marine environments and PCL degradation activity
Authors: Kim Sung Hyun , Lee Jun Won , Kim Ji Seon , Lee Wonjun , Park Myung Soo , Lim Young Woon 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPlastic waste has a negative impact on marine ecosystems and the quantity of this source of anthropogenic pollution continues to increase. Several studies have investigated plastic biodegradation using various microorganisms. In this study, we isolated fungi from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste on Korean seacoasts and evaluated their ability to degrade plastic by comparing the diameters of the clear zones they formed on polycaprolactone (PCL) agar. We isolated 262 strains from 47 plastic waste sources and identified 108 fungal species via molecular methods. The PCL agar assay revealed that 87 species presented with varying degrees of PCL degradation capacity. Among them, certain fungal species were strong PCL degraders. The present study demonstrated the possibility that some fungi inhabiting plastic could potentially degrade it in the marine environment. We believe that the discoveries made herein lay theoretical and practical foundations for the development of novel bioremediation systems for marine plastispheres and help mitigate the environmental pollution issues related to plastic wastes.
Planar Equilibria of an Elastic Rod Wrapped Around a Circular Capstan
Authors: Singh Harmeet 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe present a study on planar equilibria of a terminally loaded elastic rod wrapped around a rigid circular capstan. Both frictionless and frictional contact between the rod and the capstan are considered. We identify three cases of frictionless contact – namely where the rod touches the capstan at one point, along a continuous arc, and at two points. We show that, in contrast to a fully flexible filament, an elastic rod of finite length wrapped around a capstan does not require friction to support unequal loads at its two ends. Furthermore, we classify rod equilibria corresponding to the three aforementioned cases in a limit where the length of the rod is much larger than the radius of the capstan. In the same limit, we incorporate frictional interaction between the rod and the capstan, and compute limiting equilibria of the rod. Our solution to the frictional case fully generalizes the classic capstan problem to include the effects of finite thickness and bending elasticity of a flexible filament wrapped around a circular capstan.
Chinese universities’ special programs supporting talents to seek a United Nations career: a center-periphery-model analysis
Authors: Liu Suyu , Ding Wenjun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn recent years, China’s higher education sector has started to establish special programs to train and support talents to seek career opportunities in the United Nations (UN). To explore these special programs and understand their relationship with China’s internationalization strategies and its higher education, we used the center-periphery model as the theoretical framework. We analyzed 53 institutional documents and conducted semi-structured interviews among 5 university staff members and 21 students/recent graduates who were involved in these special programs. The analysis on the special programs implied Chinese higher education’s peripheral position in supporting talents to work in the UN. This was reflected by the conforming practice, including accepting current UN recruitment regulations and English’s dominance in the UN recruitment practice. However, we also identified alternative dynamics that China and its higher education do not simply obey the center-periphery model and accept their peripheral status. Instead, special programs were established to achieve China’s global strategy of moving to the center of international arena via multilateralism and international organizations such as the UN. This study sheds light on further explorations of the state-university relationship in China in the globalization era, especially from the perspective of cultural diplomacy and soft power.
The expansion of doctoral education and the changing nature and purpose of the doctorate
Authors: Sarrico Cláudia S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDoctorate level attainment has increased significantly in developed economies. In 2019, the average share of 25–64-year-olds with a doctorate across the OECD was around 1%. However, if current trends continue, 2.3% of today’s young adults will enter doctoral studies at some point in their life. This essay starts by describing the expansion of doctoral education. It then reflects on the causes of this growth and the consequences for the nature and purpose of the doctorate. This reflection is mostly based on published research in Higher Education in the last 50 years and the author’s work on policy analysis for the OECD on this topic. The paper finishes with a research agenda on doctoral education and the career of doctorate holders.
Trait related aberrant connectivity in clinically stable patients with schizophrenia: A seed based resting state fMRI study
Authors: Lalousis Paris Alexandros , Malaviya Aanya , Upthegrove Rachel , Heinze Kareen , Diukova Ana , Auer Dorothee , Liddle Peter , Mallikarjun Pavan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAberrant resting-state connectivity within and between the Default Mode Network, the Executive Control Network, and the Salience Network is well-established in schizophrenia. Meta-analyses have identified that bilateral lingual gyrus is as the only region showing hyperactivity in schizophrenia and there are reports of increased connectivity between the lingual gyrus and other brain regions in schizophrenia. It is not clear whether these abnormalities represent state or trait markers of the illness, i.e., if they are only present during the acute phase of the illness (state) or if they reflect a predisposition to schizophrenia (trait). In this study, we used a seed-based functional connectivity analysis to investigate brain networks in schizophrenia patients who are in the stable phase of their illness and assess functional connectivity using seeds in the lingual gyrus, the posterior cingulate, the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), the right anterior insula (rAI) and the right orbital frontoinsula. Twenty patients with schizophrenia in a stable phase of their illness (as defined by the course of illness and Signs and Symptoms of Psychotic Illness (SSPI) scores) and 20 age and sex-matched healthy controls underwent resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rs-fMRI). Data was analysed using the Data Processing Assistant for Resting-State fMRI Advanced Edition (DPARSFA) V3.1 (http://rfmri.org/DPARSF) and the statistical parametric mapping software 8 (SPM8). Compared with healthy controls, patients with schizophrenia showed increased connectivity between the left lingual gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus, and the cingulate cortex. Lingual gyrus hyper-connectivity may be a stable trait neuroimaging marker for schizophrenia. Our findings suggest that aberrant connectivity in major resting-state networks may not be present after the acute illness has stabilised.