bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Harvesting of Tatura Trellis Fruit Trees1
Authors: van Heek L. A. G. , Adem H. H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A low cost single sided harvester with a multi-level catching device was designed to harvest fruit from Tatura Trellis trees planted at 6 × 1 m. Limb Shakers were used to remove cling peaches (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) and the machine-harvested fruit showed fewer injuries than fruit picked by contract labor. Although the machine harvested peaches had a greater proportion of cut fruit, the percentage of bruised fruit was significantly lower. Bruising was shown to be a function of flesh firmness for both harvesting methods. ‘Williams’ Bon Chretien’ (‘Bartlett’) pears (Pyrus communis L.) were harvested with a trunk shaker from single trellis type limbs in a standard orchard which had been modified for mechanical harvesting. Comparisons between the trellis harvester, a 2-unit Catchall harvester and fruit picked by contract labor showed that the proportion of bruised fruit was lowest for the trellis harvester. Relationships were established between the location of pears within the canopy of trellis type limbs and damage to fruit. Trunk shaking caused displacement of fruit and branches resulting in damage to fruit. Results show that trellis pear trees may be suitable for mechanical harvesting if fruit is used for processing.
Cabbage Glucosinolates: Correspondence of Patterns in Seeds and Leafy Heads1
Authors: Tookey H. L. , Daxenbichler M. E. , VanEtten C. H. , Kwolek W. F. , Williams P. H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Seeds of cabbage (Brassica oleracea (Capitata group) contain 10-fold more glucosinolates than do cabbage heads (dry basis). Seeds give rise to relatively greater amounts of goitrin and lesser amounts of SCN ion than do heads. In spite of these differences, seeds of 50 cabbage cultivars are shown to have fair predictive value for glucosinolate patterns in the corresponding heads.
Fruit Growth of Loquat1
Authors: Blumenfeld Amos 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fruit of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) grew slowly after set in autumn and quickly toward ripening in spring. A positive correlation was found between seed weight and fruit or pulp wieght, but there was only a weak or no positive correlation between number of seeds and fruit weight. The pattern of fruit growth was similar in ‘Tanaka’ and ‘Akko 1’. Thinning increased fruit size.
Germination of Lettuce Seeds at High Temperature after Seed Priming1
Authors: Guedes A. C. , Cantliffe D. J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The effects of water or 1% K3PO4 priming at 5°, 15° and 25°C for short durations on ‘Minetto’ lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seed germination at high temperatures were studied. Germination percentage and rate at 35° of seeds primed in K3PO4 were significantly higher than that of seeds soaked in water. Aeration improved the results of priming at 15° and 25°. A priming temperature of 15° was generally best. The effects of light during priming of ‘Mesa 659’, ‘Minetto’ and ‘Ithaca’ seeds in water, K3PO4, polyethylene glycol (PEG) or PEG + K3PO4 solutions at 15° for 6 or 9 hr and drying methods for primed seeds were also studied. Imbibition rates were higher with K3PO4. Primed seeds germinated more rapidly at 35° with K3PO4 alone or in combination with PEG. Air drying of primed seeds was better than oven drying. Seed priming in light increased germination percentage and rate of ‘Minetto’ and ‘Ithaca’, although neither cultivar is photosensitive.
Alterations in Abscisic Acid Content of Ficus benjamina Leaves Resulting from Exposure to Water Stress and its Relationship to Leaf Abscission1
Authors: Peterson John C. , Sacalis John N. , Durkin Dominic J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Relationships were examined among water deficits, ABA content of leaf tissue, and leaf abscission in intact Ficus benjamina L. (weeping fig). Water deficits were imposed by withholding water from plants growing in sand and by raising the osmotic potential of water culture solutions through the addition of PEG 6000. Unconjugated ABA was quantitatively analyzed using gas chromatography. A strong inverse linear correlation existed between ABA content of leaves and plant water potential. No relationships between ABA content and leaf abscission were observed. ABA content in leaves collected from plants growing in a greenhouse, having a plant water potential of −0.5 bar, was about 75 fold greater than the ABA content of leaves collected from plants maintained in a controlled environment room, having plant water potentials of −8.0 bar. Results indicate that ABA does not independently regulate leaf abscission in Ficus benjamina.
Carboxylase Activity and Seasonal Changes in CO2 Assimilation Rates in Three Cultivars of Pecan1
Authors: Crews C. E. , Worley R. E. , Syvertsen J. P. , Bausher M. G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Carbon dioxide assimilation and ribulose-l,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylase activity were measured in 3 cultivars of pecan (Carya illinoensis (Wang) K. Koch cvs. Brooks, Stuart, and Mobile). Optimum leaf temperatures (27°C) and saturating irradiances (675 μEm−2s−1) were uniform among cultivars. Carbon dioxide assimilation was significantly higher in ‘Brooks’ and ‘Stuart’ than in ‘Mobile’ between April and June, but no differences were apparent among cultivars for the remainder of the season. The maximum rate observed was 13.5 mg CO2 dm−2hr−1. A lower rate occurred between mid-August and mid-September, which may limit available carbohydrate reserves for the following growing season. A significant decrease in RuBP carboxylase activity between May and August may have been a result of leaf senescence.
Influence of Photoperiod and Light Quality on Lateral Branching and Flowering of Selected Vegetatively-propagated Plants1
Authors: Healy W. E. , Heins R. D. , Wilkins H. F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Alternanthra amoena Voss, Coleus × hybridus Voss., Hedra helix L., Pelargonium × hortorum Bailey, Peperomia obtusifolia L.,Pilea cadierei Gagnep. & Guillaum, Pilea ‘Moon Valley’ and Pilea involucrata ‘Panamegia’ Sims were grown under normal photoperiods (ND), short photoperiods (SD) and several night lighting regimes using red, incandescent, or far red light. Lateral branching and cutting production was promoted on P. ‘Moon Valley’ under SD while flowering was inhibited. P. ‘Moon Valley’ and P. involucrata flowered under long days. The remaining plant species produced more cuttings under ND or the night lighting treatments when compared to SD. Cycling P. ‘Moon Valley’ and P. involucrata between SD and day continuation red lighting treatments every 20 days significantly increased cutting production on plants compared to plants grown continuously under SD or ND.
Light and Gibberellic Acid Enhancement of Lowbush Blueberry Seed Germination1
Authors: Smagula John M. , Michaud Michael , Hepler Paul R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A light requirement for improved seed germination of lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) was partially overcome by GA treatments; GA at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 ppm stimulated early germination of seeds kept in the dark. The germination rate of seeds exposed to an 8 hour light period was also enhanced by GA treatments. Continuous exposure to concentrations above 1000 ppm resulted in abnormally curled seedlings with necrotic root tips.
Polyethylene Glycol Induced Water Stress Effect on Apple Seedlings. II. 45Calcium Uptake1
Authors: Gergely I. , Korcak R. F. , Faust M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced water stress in nutrient solutions decreased both water consumption and 45Ca uptake by apple seedlings (Malus domestica Borkh.) The decrease in water uptake was more severe than the decrease in 45Ca uptake. When 45Ca uptake was calculated on the basis of water consumption, it was found that 45Ca uptake was not dependent on water uptake although water was necessary for movement of 45Ca. In split-root experiments, PEG and 45Ca were either applied to the same half of the root or to separate halves. Calcium uptake decreased in plants subjected to water stress. The results indicated that the site of this decrease was at the root, not the aerial portion of the plant which, indirectly, may affect root function and thus 45Ca uptake. Split-root experiments also indicated that the unstressed half of the root cannot fully compensate for the stressed half of the root in either water or 45Ca uptake. Water use of plants with half of their root under a −5.0 bar water stress was decreased by 30%. Urea-nitrogen pretreatment did not modify the effect of osmotic stress on leaf Ca, Mg and K concentrations, water use or dry matter production during the period of applied water stress. All these parameters decreased with increasing solution osmotic stress.
Inheritance of Fire Blight Resistance in Malus in Relation to Rootstock Breeding1
Authors: Gardner Randolph G. , Cummins James N. , Aldwinckle Herb S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Seedling progenies from controlled crosses involving Malus sp. clones were tested for resistance to Erwinia amylovora (Burrill) Winslow et al. by shoot tip inoculation. In progenies from crosses between fire blight-susceptible M. pumila selections, over 90% of the seedlings were killed. In most progenies from crosses between resistant and susceptible selections, regardless of species source, few resistant seedlings occurred. Progenies from crosses between resistant parents generally had the most resistant seedlings, but segregated some highly susceptible offspring. Distribution patterns suggested quantitative control of resistance, with resistant parents heterozygous for resistance genes. In progenies from crosses of the highly resistant M. × robusta No. 5 (R5) and M. × sublobata PI 286613 (613) with susceptible parents, about 1/8 of the seedlings exhibited the fire blight reaction of the highly resistant parent. All progenies of 613 and R5, including those obtained by selfing and by crossing the two with each other, segregated some susceptible offspring. In a replicated nursery test involving seedlings of a 613 progeny, various fire blight resistance classes in the population were distinguished statistically. Resistance in 613 and R5 was interpreted as oligogenic (conditioned by few genes), with dominant, additive genes carried in the heterozygous condition.
Constant Fertilization of Foliage Plants1
Authors: Poole Richard T. , Henley Richard W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fertilizer levels of 500-220-400 and 750-330-600 mg/liter N-P-K reduced growth of Brassaia, Chamaedorea and Peperomia when compared to 250-110-200 mg/liter but had no effect on Philodendron and Maranta. As fertilization level increased, pH of the leachate decreased and soluble salts increased. As fertilizer level increased, leachate increased from pots with Brassaia and Peperomia and to a lesser extent from Maranta and leachate from Philodendron and Chamaedorea were similar. Fertilizer of 800-360-680 mg/liter N-P-K reduced fresh weight and root grade of Peperomia and Brassaia. Amount of leachate doubled as fertilizer and volume of water applied increased.
Effects of Selected Putative Inhibitors of Ribonucleic Acid or Protein Synthesis on Adventitious Root Formation in Mung Bean Cuttings1
Authors: Blazich Frank A. , Heuser Charles W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Selected putative inhibitors of ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis (actinomycin D and 6-methylpurine) or protein synthesis (cycloheximide and puromycin) were examined for their effects on root formation in mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilcz.) cuttings in the presence or absence of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Only 6-methylpurine completely inhibited root formation at concentrations that did not cause visible injury. Cycloheximide was most inhibitory when applied at the same time as NAA. Application of 6-methylpurine up to 12 hours after NAA uptake completely blocked root formation; thereafter its effect declined with time. This decline in response was correlated with enlargement of the nucleus and nucleolus in hypocotyl cells preparatory to cell division.
Seasonal and Chemical Influences on the Flowering of Gypsophila paniculata ‘Bristol Fairy’ Selections1,2
Authors: Kusey William E. , Weiler T. C. , Hammer P. Allen , Harbaugh Brent K. , Wilfret Gary J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Gypsophila paniculata L. cv. Bristol Fairy flowered only under long photoperiods. Neither 5°C storage up to 8 weeks nor weekly GA3 sprays at concentration from 50 to 2,000 mg/liter induced flowering at short photoperiods. Established shoots with 12 nodes flowered after 3 weeks of 24 hours photoperiod induction, but young shoots with 5 nodes (newly pinched plants) did not flower after 3 weeks of induction. Critical photoperiod of several selections of ‘Bristol Fairy’ ranged from 12-18 hours. Inadvertent selection of clones with longer critical photoperiods appears to be responsible for poor winter flowering in Florida.
Producing Pot Chrysanthemums at Low Night Temperature1
Authors: Kohl Harry C. , Mor Yoram 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Three cultivars of Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat. were grown as pot plants in a greenhouse at either normal (15.6°C minimum) night temperature (NNT). or at lower (5.0° minimum and 7.1° average) night temperature (LNT) during the period of flower development. The leaf area index was kept at or above the critical for both groups following original pot-to-pot spacing by a gradual increase in spacing to the final commercial spacing. The LNT plants took longer to become salable plants. Increased spacing for the LNT plants purposely proceeded more slowly, resulting in less average space being occupied per day, so that the total bench space cost per pot was essentially the same for the LNT and NNT plants. Under the above conditions, it was found that dry weight gain per pot at LNT was as great as or greater than at NNT. The quality of the plants, which were harvested when commercially salable, was satisfactory at both LNT and NNT for ‘Mandarin’ and ‘Yellow Mandalay’. The quality of ‘Tip’ was poor at both LNT and NNT. The accumulation of dry matter as a function of photosynthetically active radiation was more efficient at LNT than at NNT.
Horticultural Evaluation of Eight Foliage Types of Peas Near-isogenic for the Genes af, tl and st1
Authors: Wehner T. C. , Gritton E. T. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Eight foliage types of pea (Pisum sativum L.) were tested as near-isogenic lines of 8 cultivers and experimental lines for 2 years at 2 locations. Three blends of those foliage types were also tested at 1 location. Modifications of the pea foliage were determined by the action of the genes af (leaflets changed to tendrils), tl (tendrils changed to leaflets), and st (reduced stipule size). Shelled pea yields of the altered foliage types in pure stands were similar to normal except for the afaf TITI stst and afaf tltl stst types, which had reduced yields. The afaf TITl StSt and afaf TITI stst types had superior standing ability, and had less blonding of shelled peas. Yield was positively correlated with leaf area and harvest index. Blonding of shelled peas was positively correlated with leaf area. One of 2 foliage types with the most favorable performance for the 23 horticultural characteristics measured had many small leaflets (afaf tltl StSt), while the other had tendrils instead of leaflets (afaf TITI StSt). The all-tendril foliage type (afaf TITI StSt), either in pure stand or in a blend with another type, appears to have the most potential for replacing the normal foliage type.
Current Photosynthate as a Limiting Factor in Adventitious Root Formation on Leafy Pea Cuttings1
Authors: Davis Tim D. , Potter John R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Root formation on leafy cuttings of Pisum sativum L. ‘Alaska’ was reduced by about 50% when net photosynthesis was adjusted to the compensation point by reducing the light intensity, reducing the CO2 concentration, or by blocking CO2 exchange with an antitranspirant. Rooting was also reduced by 50% when cuttings were given only enough photoperiod at saturating light to maintain a carbon balance similar to that of the treatments which reduced net photosynthesis to the compensation point. In addition to decreasing rooting, these treatments lowered sucrose and glucose levels in the basal portion of the cuttings compared to controls. Our photosynthesis and carbohydrate data indicate that the supply of current photosynthate to the base of pea cuttings is important to rooting.
Influence of Magnesium Concentrations in Nutrient Solution on Growth, Tissue Concentration, and Nutrient Uptake of Peach Seedlings1
Authors: Edwards J. H. , Horton B. D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Seedlings of ‘Babygold 5’ peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] were grown for 50 days in nutrient solutions with 0.4, 21, 42, 125, 250, 500 μm Mg. Magnesium deficiency symptoms were observed 19 days after initiation of the Mg treatments in the seedlings in 0.4 μm Mg solutions. The relative growth rate was significantly increased for the first increment of Mg concentration with no further increases at higher Mg concentrations. Increasing Mg in the nutrient solution significantly increased Mg concentration in the leaves, stems, and roots, but Mg tissue concentration decreased at all levels of Mg in the nutrient solution as physiological age increased. Visible Mg deficiency symptoms were observed on mature leaves at the 125 μm Mg treatment, but when the Mg concentration exceeded 250 μm, Mg concentration in mature leaves was increased above the threshold for appearance of Mg deficiency symptoms. No Mg deficiencies were observed on ‘Babygold 5’ seedlings when the Mg concentrations in the leaves exceeded 2000 μg/g dry weight and Mg uptake rate was 2.5 μmoles/g fresh wt./day.
Resistance of Red Raspberry Fruit and Canes to Botrytis1
Authors: Daubeny Hugh A. , Pepin H. S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivars and selections with resistance to preharvest fruit rot, caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex. Fr., were identified in a year in which its incidence was much higher than usual in British Columbia. Cultivars and selections with postharvest resistance were also identified. The correlation coefficients between preharvest and postharvest reactions were not particularly strong. Neither cane reactions to the organism nor fruit firmness were associated with fruit reactions.
Effects of Storage Temperatures on Endogenous Growth Substances and Shoot Emergence in Freesia hybrida corms1
Authors: Gilbertson-Ferriss T. L. , Brenner M. L. , Wilkins H. F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Corms of Freesia hybrida Bailey ‘Moya’ and F. hybrida ‘Maria’ were stored at 2°, 13°, or 30°C immediately after harvest and sampled at 0, 6, or 13 weeks for fresh weight, sprouting ability, free indoleacetic acid (IAA), free abscisic acid (ABA) and conjugated ABA (conj-ABA). High performance liquid and gas-liquid chromatography methods were used for identification and quantification of the extractable IAA, ABA, and conj-ABA. Shoots from corms planted immediately after harvest emerged in 33 to 57 days. It is suggested that freshly harvested F. hybrida corms exhibit physiological dormancy for not more than 4 to 6 weeks and subsequently enter a state of imposed dormancy in storage at 30° or 2°. Physiological dormancy was released more rapidly and corm shoots emerged more rapidly during imposed dormancy when stored at 30° versus 2°. The 30° treatment did not appear to be mandatory for shoot emergence since corms stored at 2° or 13° for 6 weeks emerged within 5 or 20 days, respectively. Extended storage at 13° promoted pupation whereas storage at 30° and 2° prevented pupation. Pupated corms did not emerge when planted. The IAA, ABA, and conj-ABA levels in the corms during storage did not correspond with growth inhibition but rather appeared to relate to the formation of the new corm during pupation.
Genetic System for the Reaction of Field Beans to Beta, Gamma, and Delta Races of Colletotrichum Iindemuthianum1
Authors: Muhalet C. S. , Adams M. W. , Saettler A. W. , Ghaderi A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Five cultivars and one breeding line of field bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were evaluated for their differential reactions to beta, gamma, and delta races of anthraenose (Collectotrichum lindemuthianum [Sacc. and Magn.] Scrib.). Parental, F1 and F2 plants from 10 crosses involving anthraenose resistant and susceptible parents were inoculated with the 3 races. Inoculated plants were maintained in a mist chamber for 8 to 10 days until plants could be classified into resistant and susceptible groups on the basis of their reactions to the pathogen. The F2 segregation patterns suggested that independent and complementary gene action at 1 or 2 different loci produced a resistant reaction to all races of the pathogen. In addition, an allelomorphic series of three alleles was assumed to be controlling resistance to the beta race. A breeding scheme, involving alternate generations of back-crossing to the recurrent parent and selfing is an effective method to develop resistant cultivars.
Determination of Flowering Time and Vegetative Habit of Tagetes patula through Response Surface Techniques1
Authors: Armitage A. M. , Carlson W. H. , Cress C. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Flowering time, dry weight, total leaf area, and vegetative height of Tagetes patula L. were predicted on the basis of day temperature, night temperature, and quantum flux density (QFD). High temperatures (30°C) decrease flowering time regardless of QFD and greatest leaf surface area was caused by high QFD. As night temperatures increased, maximum leaf area occurred at lower day temperatures than those necessary for fastest flowering time. Each response was characterized by response surface technique.
Carbohydrate Changes in Various Organs of Bearing and Nonbearing Pecan Trees1
Authors: Wood B. W. , McMeans J. L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Starch and sugars were generally higher in bearing than in nonbearing shoots (wood and bark) of pecan (Carya illinoensis (Wang.) Koch). Decreases in shoot starch were reflected by generally simultaneous increases in either shoot or kernel sugars. Shoot starch fell to its lowest level during the liquid stage of ovule development. Leaf starch generally declined as the growing season progressed. Total sugar levels rose in the kernel, shuck, and shell during fruit enlargement and declined during kernel growth. Mature kernels had less sugar than mature shucks. Ovule sugar was highest during the liquid stage and decreased to very low levels at maturity. Ovule starch generally increased as kernels matured.