bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contributions of roads to surface temperature: evidence from Southern California
Authors: Engel Ruth A , Millard-Ball Adam , Turner V Kelly 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Planners often regard streets as targets for mitigating urban heat across cities by virtue of being abundant, publicly-owned, low-albedo, low-vegetation surfaces. Few studies, however, have assessed the role streets play in contributing to urban heat, and the scale of their effect relative to the built environment around them. We examine the relationship between road area and land surface temperature across a variety of biophysical regions through the urban areas of Los Angeles and San Bernardino Counties in Southern California. Our results show that wide streets have no consistent, detectable effect on urban heat. Rather, vegetation is the primary cooling mechanism for urban areas. In the absence of trees, concrete highways are the coolest surfaces, though particular hot or cool pockets (e.g., airports, industrial centers, parks) can dominate neighborhood temperature signatures. In considering LST mitigation strategies, these hotspots might outweigh the cumulative effects of road surface changes.
Increased risk of type 3c diabetes mellitus after acute pancreatitis warrants a personalized approach including diabetes screening
Authors: Walker Alexander , O’Kelly James , Graham Catriona , Nowell Sian , Kidd Doug , Mole Damian J 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcute pancreatitis (AP) is a frequent cause of hospitalization with long-term health consequences, including type 3c diabetes mellitus (DM). The incidence and risk factors for new-onset morbidities after AP need to be clarified to inform a personalized medicine approach.MethodsUsing a longitudinal electronic healthcare record-linkage analysis, all patients admitted to hospital in Scotland with a first episode of AP between 1 April 2009 and 31 March 2012 and followed for a minimum of 5 years after their index AP admission were identified. All new-onset morbidity with specific focus on type 3c DM were analysed and, using time-split multiple regression.ResultsA total of 2047 patients were included. AP requiring critical care was followed by 2 years of heightened risk (HR 5.24) of developing type 3c DM, increased risk of new-onset cardiac disease (HR 1.61), and renal disease (HR 2.96). The additional risk conferred by critical care AP had a negative interaction with time, whereas additional risk associated with male sex and a non-gallstone aetiology was long lasting.ConclusionBased on these findings, a personalized approach to include type 3c DM screening for a minimum of 2 years for individuals who required critical care when hospitalized with AP is recommended.
Indocyanine green for radical lymph node dissection in patients with sigmoid and rectal cancer: randomized clinical trial
Authors: Wan Jinliang , Wang Shijie , Yan Botao , Tang Yuting , Zheng Jixiang , Ji Hongli , Hu Yaowen , Zhuang Baoxiong , Deng Haijun , Yan Jun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
D3 lymph node dissection is recommended for patients with advanced sigmoid and rectal cancer in Japan. This trial aimed to investigate the feasibility of indocyanine green (ICG) as a tracer to increase the nodal harvest during D3 lymph node dissection in patients with sigmoid and rectal cancer.

Methods
This prospective randomized clinical trial was performed between May 2021 and April 2022. The inclusion criteria were patients with stage I–III sigmoid or rectal cancer eligible for laparoscopic resection. Patients were 1: 1 randomized to either the ICG group (endoscopic ICG injection at the tumour site and intraoperative imaging to guide dissection) or the control group (routine laparoscopic white-light imaging). All patients were treated with D3 dissection, and the primary outcome was the number of harvested lymph nodes at the D3 level.

Results
Out of 210 patients screened, a total of 66 patients were enrolled and randomized. Patients in the two groups presented similar ages and clinical stages (ICG group versus control group, median age of 58.0 versus 58.5 years; stage III 36.4 per cent versus 36.4 per cent, whereas the rate of rectal cancer was 27.3 per cent versus 48.5 per cent respectively). ICG imaging was helpful for completely dissecting D3 lymph nodes and could identify a median of more than 2 (range 1–6) D3 lymph nodes neglected by routine laparoscopic white-light imaging during surgery. The median number of D3 lymph nodes harvested in the ICG group was significantly higher than that in the control group (7.0 versus 5.0, P = 0.003); however, there was no significant difference in the median numbers of positive D1, D2, and D3 lymph nodes between the two groups.

Conclusion
ICG is safe and feasible to guide D3 lymph node dissection and can increase the number of harvested D3 lymph nodes in patients with sigmoid and rectal cancer.
Registration number: NCT04848311 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Novel correlative analysis identifies multiple genomic variations impacting ASD with macrocephaly
Authors: Fu Chen , Ngo Justine , Zhang Shanshan , Lu Leina , Miron Alexander , Schafer Simon , Gage Fred H , Jin Fulai , Schumacher Fredrick R , Wynshaw-Boris Anthony 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) display both phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity, impeding the understanding of ASD and development of effective means of diagnosis and potential treatments. Genes affected by genomic variations for ASD converge in dozens of gene ontologies (GOs), but the relationship between the variations at the GO level have not been well elucidated. In the current study, multiple types of genomic variations were mapped to GOs and correlations among GOs were measured in ASD and control samples. Several ASD-unique GO correlations were found, suggesting the importance of co-occurrence of genomic variations in genes from different functional categories in ASD etiology. Combined with experimental data, several variations related to WNT signaling, neuron development, synapse morphology/function and organ morphogenesis were found to be important for ASD with macrocephaly, and novel co-occurrence patterns of them in ASD patients were found. Furthermore, we applied this gene ontology correlation analysis method to find genomic variations that contribute to ASD etiology in combination with changes in gene expression and transcription factor binding, providing novel insights into ASD with macrocephaly and a new methodology for the analysis of genomic variation.
Osteopontin (OPN)/SPP1: from its biochemistry to biological functions in the innate immune system and the central nervous system (CNS)
Authors: Lin Elliot Yi-Hsin , Xi Wen , Aggarwal Nupur , Shinohara Mari L 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOsteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional protein, initially identified in osteosarcoma cells with its role of mediating osteoblast adhesion. Later studies revealed that OPN is associated with many inflammatory conditions caused by infections, allergic responses, autoimmunity and tissue damage. Many cell types in the peripheral immune system express OPN with various functions, which could be beneficial or detrimental. Also, more recent studies demonstrated that OPN is highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), particularly in microglia during CNS diseases and development. However, understanding of mechanisms underlying OPN’s functions in the CNS is still limited. In this review, we focus on peripheral myeloid cells and CNS-resident cells to discuss the expression and functions of OPN.
Stomatal conductance in rice leaves and panicles responds differently to abscisic acid and soil drought
Authors: Zhang Qiangqiang , Tang Wei , Xiong Zhuang , Peng Shaobing , Li Yong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractImprovement of photosynthesis in non-foliar green tissues is beneficial for enhancing crop yield. Recently, we have demonstrated that panicle stomatal conductance is a major limiting factor for photosynthesis. However, mechanisms underlying the responses of panicle stomatal conductance (gs,panicle) and photosynthesis (Apanicle) to environmental stimuli remain unknown. In the present study, the responses of gs,panicle and leaf stomatal conductance (gs,leaf) to exogenous application of abscisic acid and step-changes in vapor pressure deficit were investigated at the anthesis stage in pot-grown rice plants. Furthermore, the effects of drought on Apanicle and leaf photosynthesis (Aleaf) were examined. Smearing and xylem feeding of abscisic acid significantly decreased gs,leaf. In contrast, while smearing of abscisic acid substantially increased gs,panicle, its xylem feeding dramatically decreased gs,panicle. In addition, both gs,leaf and gs,panicle effectively responded to step changes in vapor pressure deficit. Furthermore, both Aleaf and Apanicle were sensitive to plant dehydration; however, given the lower sensitivity of panicle water potential than leaf water potential to drought, Apanicle was less sensitive to soil drought than Aleaf. These findings indicate that gs,panicle is hydropassively regulated, while panicle photosynthesis is less sensitive to drought.
Race, Politics, and Irish America
Authors: Burke Mary M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Figures from the Scots-Irish Andrew Jackson to the Caribbean-Irish Rihanna, as well as literature, film, caricature, and beauty discourse, convey how the Irish racially transformed multiple times: in the slave-holding Caribbean, on America’s frontiers and antebellum plantations, and along its eastern seaboard. This cultural history of race and centuries of Irishness in the Americas examines the forcibly transported Irish, the eighteenth-century Presbyterian Ulster Scots, and post-1845 Famine immigrants. Their racial transformations are indicated by the designations they acquired in the Americas: ‘Redlegs,’ ‘Scots-Irish’, and ‘black Irish’. In literature by Fitzgerald, O’Neill, Mitchell, Glasgow, and Yerby (an African-American author of Scots-Irish heritage), the Irish are both colluders and victims within America’s racial structure. Depictions range from Irish encounters with Native and African Americans to competition within America’s immigrant hierarchy between the ‘Saxon’ Scots-Irish and ‘Celtic’ post-Famine Irish Catholic. Irish-connected presidents feature, but attention to queer and multiracial authors, public women, beauty professionals, and performers complicates the ‘Irish whitening’ narrative. Thus, ‘Irish Princess’ Grace Kelly’s globally broadcast ascent to royalty paves the way for ‘America’s royals’, the Kennedys. The presidencies of the Scots-Irish Jackson and Catholic-Irish Kennedy signalled their respective cohorts’ assimilation. Since Gothic literature particularly expresses the complicity that attaining power (‘whiteness’) entails, subgenres named ‘Scots-Irish Gothic’ and ‘Kennedy Gothic’ are identified: in Gothic by Brown, Poe, James, Faulkner, and Welty, the violence of the colonial Irish motherland is visited upon marginalized Americans, including, sometimes, other Irish groupings. History is Gothic in Irish-American narrative because the undead Irish past replays within America’s contexts of race.
International Dimensions of Anti-Nuclear Activism
Authors: Peterson Christian Philip , Harvey Kyle , Knoblauch William M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores how opposition to nuclear weapons has evolved since 1945. Looking at local, national, and international efforts of anti-nuclear activists, it investigates the various ways civil society has lobbied, educated, and protested as they advocated solutions to the dangers of the development, testing, and potential use of nuclear weapons. This is a history rooted in the national and international politics of the Cold War; yet the impact of nuclear weapons extends to the present. Canvassing national and transnational activism in the United States, western Europe, India, New Zealand, and Australia, this chapter considers how individuals, organizations, and campaigns engaged in various forms of activism as they sought different solutions to the dangers of nuclear weapons. It looks at how campaigners explored the political, diplomatic, military, economic, technological, and social influences that shape how nuclear weapons have been perceived around the world, and how solutions to their control have been campaigned for, dissected, and abandoned. Over time, individuals from a wide variety of backgrounds have explored how to confront the world’s nuclear powers; largely, thus far, most have been unable to dismantle our nuclear arsenals.
What Was James’s Theory of Truth?
Authors: Donaldson Tom 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In Pragmatism, William James promised his readers a theory of truth. However, many of his readers (even those sympathetic with other parts of James’s work) have concluded that his “theory” was little more than a tangle of mistakes. This chapter begins with a presentation of the standard objections to James’s discussion. It is then argued that James did have a coherent theory of truth, which must be understood in combination with his metaphysics of pure experience. James’s pluralism about truth is emphasized. It is concluded that (while James’s metaphysical views will not appeal to the typical reader today) his theory of truth is not refuted by the standard objections.
Optimal allocation of vaccines in a pandemic
Authors: Gans Joshua S 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of approaches to the allocation of scarce vaccine doses during a pandemic. Price and non-price methods are outlined to determine whom to prioritize. It is argued that depending on viral and vaccine properties, it may be superior to use epidemiological criteria than health risk criteria for prioritization. The paper concludes by noting that the key trade-offs between health risk and epidemiological properties have received too little study to systematically inform allocation during a public health emergency. Moreover, the evaluation criteria for vaccines themselves need to be adjusted to take potential short-term scarcity into account.
Reserve system design for allocation of scarce medical resources in a pandemic: some perspectives from the field
Authors: Pathak Parag , Persad Govind , Sönmez Tayfun , Utku Ünver M 
Published: December 2022

AbstractReserve systems are a tool to allocate scarce resources when stakeholders do not have a single objective. This paper introduces some basic concepts about reserve systems for pandemic medical resource allocation. At the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic, we proposed that reserve systems can help practitioners arrive at compromises between competing stakeholders. More than a dozen states and local jurisdictions adopted reserve systems in initial phases of vaccine distribution. We highlight several design issues arising in some of these implementations. We also offer suggestions about ways practitioners can take advantage of the flexibility offered by reserve systems.
A plea for standardisation in the duration of training in anaesthesiology and intensive care medicine across Europe
Authors: Scudellari Alessandro , Bubenek Serban , Goldik Zeev , Bilotta Federico 
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND
Anaesthesiologists and intensive care doctors have become progressively more mobile across Europe. The standardisation of training systems has been recommended by the European Union of Medical Specialist (UEMS) to facilitate the mutual recognition of professionals.

OBJECTIVE
We aimed to assess the level of compliance with the 2018 European training requirements (ETR) for the specialty of anaesthesiology, pain and intensive care medicine.

METHODS
An electronic questionnaire on the duration of the training and assessment methods in anaesthesiology and intensive care medicine was circulated via e-mail to the National Anaesthesia Societies Committee (NASC) representatives of all 41 European countries as defined by the WHO.

RESULTS
All 41 countries replied. The average duration of training was 4.7 years; in 29% of the countries, it was less than 5 years. In 78% of the countries, a mandatory written examination was required, and the most common form was a national test (44%), with only 27% using the European Diploma of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care. In the subgroup of the 26 EU countries investigated, the average duration of the training was 5 years and in 19% was less than 5 years. In the subgroup of the 15 non-EU countries, the average duration of training was 4.25 years, with 46% of the countries having a duration shorter than 5 years.

CONCLUSIONS
This survey highlighted the diversity in the training in anaesthesiology and intensive care medicine in Europe despite the recommendations advocated by the EBA-UEMS. The findings on the duration of training demonstrated that the target of 5 years has not been universally achieved yet with a substantial difference between EU and non-EU countries. The presented evidence suggests the need for initiatives dedicated to implement compliance with the advocated duration and competence requirements reported in the European Training Requirement for anaesthesiology and intensive care by UEMS.
Coronary artery disease among patients admitted with atrial fibrillation and chest pain
Authors: Perelshtein Brezinov Olga , Vorotilina Natalya , Vasilenko Lubov , Kogan Yonatan , Lev Eli I , Laish-Farkash Avishag 
Published: December 2022

Introduction
Patients who present to the emergency department with chest pain during an episode of atrial fibrillation (AF) impose a clinical challenge regarding the source of pain – being coronary artery disease (CAD) or AF in origin. The aim of this study was to identify clinical, imaging or laboratory markers which can predict significant CAD among patients with an AF episode and chest pain.

Methods
We included 57 consecutive patients admitted to our hospital with AF and chest pain. All patients underwent coronary evaluation. Significant CAD was defined as >50% stenosis in a major coronary artery by coronary angiography or cardiac CT. We compared CAD and non-CAD groups and analyzed risk factorsby regression analysis.

Results
Twenty-four patients (42%) were diagnosed with- and 33 patients (58%) without obstructive CAD. In a multivariate analysis of regional wall motion abnormality (RWMA), elevated troponin and hypertension were found to be predictors for CAD [odds ratio (OR), 22.4 (confidence interval (CI), 1.8–272.4; P = 0.02); OR, 5.6 (CI, 1–31.0; P = 0.05) and OR, 21.4 (CI, 1.6–284.6; P = 0.02), respectively]. There were no significant differences regarding the rate of typical chest pain at presentation in the CAD vs. the non-CAD group [13 (54%) vs. 20 (60%), P = 0.374], or in ECG ST-changes [12 (50%) vs.9 (27%), respectively; P = 0.08].

Conclusion
In patients who present acutely with chest pain and AF, troponin elevation and RWMA appear to be highly predictive of obstructive CAD, whereas clinical symptoms and ECG changes are not predictive. These findings may be helpful for guiding the management of patients admitted with AF and chest pain.
The Association of Depression With QT Duration: A Comparison Between Individuals Younger or Older Than 65 Years
Authors: Theofilis Panagiotis , Oikonomou Evangelos , Lazaros George , Vogiatzi Georgia , Niarchou Panagioula , Goliopoulou Athina , Anastasiou Maria , Mistakidi Vasiliki Chara , Tsalamandris Sotirios , Fountoulakis Petros , Papamikroulis George A. , Tousoulis Dimitris 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective
The electrocardiogram-derived corrected QT (QTc) interval is an indicator of cardiac autonomic activity that has been proposed as a biological measure to investigate the interplay between depression and cardiovascular diseases. This study assesses whether depression is associated with a longer QTc interval across age groups.

Methods
Assessment of depressive symptoms was performed in 1637 participants of the cross-sectional Corinthia study with the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale in those younger than 65 years (group 1) and with the Geriatric Depression Scale in elderly individuals (≥65 years, group 2). The QT interval was obtained from electrocardiogram recordings and corrected for heart rate (QTc).

Results
Individuals in group 1 with depression were predominantly women and had a higher prevalence of coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus. Group 1 individuals with depression had longer QTc duration (no depression versus depression, 389.3 [27.0] versus 401.1 [32.9] milliseconds; p < .001) and percentage of abnormal QTc (no depression versus depression, 2.0% versus 10.8%; p = .001) compared with those without depression. Elderly individuals (group 2) had similar values of QTc and percentage of abnormal QTc irrespective of depression status. Even after adjustment for known QT-prolonging factors, the presence of depression in younger individuals was associated with an increased QTc by 11.1 milliseconds and with an approximately 10.6-fold higher prevalence of abnormal QTc duration.

Conclusions
Depression was associated with a longer QTc interval especially in individuals younger than 65 years. These findings may indicate an interrelationship between depression and autonomic dysregulation as potential risk factors for cardiovascular disease and sudden cardiac death.
Symptom Perception in Pathological Illness Anxiety: Tactile Sensitivity and Bias
Authors: Wolters Carolin , Slotta Timo , Ratayczak Judith , Witthöft Michael , Gerlach Alexander L. , Pohl Anna 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective
Symptom perception in pathological illness anxiety (PIA) might be biased so that somatic signals are overreported. In the somatic signal detection task (SSDT), performance in detecting weak tactile stimuli gives information on overreporting or underreporting of stimuli. This task has not yet been applied in PIA.

Methods
Participants with PIA (n = 44) and healthy controls (n = 40) underwent two versions of the SSDT in randomized order. In the original version, tactile and auxiliary light-emitting diode (LED) stimuli were each presented in half of the trials. In the adapted version, illness or neutral words were presented alongside tactile stimuli. Participants also conducted a heartbeat mental tracking task.

Results
We found significantly higher sensitivity and a more liberal response bias in LED versus no-LED trials, but no significant differences between word types. An interaction effect showed a more pronounced increase of sensitivity from no LED to LED trials in participants with PIA when compared with the adapted SSDT and control group (F(1,76) = 5.34, p = .024, η
2 = 0.066). Heartbeat perception scores did not differ between groups (BF01 of 3.63).

Conclusions
The increase in sensitivity from no LED to LED trials in participants with PIA suggests stronger multisensory integration. Low sensitivity in the adapted SSDT indicates that attentional resources were exhausted by processing word stimuli. Word effects on response bias might have carried over to the original SSDT when the word version was presented first, compromising group effects regarding bias.

Trial Registration
The study was preregistered on OSF (https://osf.io/sna5v/).