bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using homosoils for quantitative extrapolation of soil mapping models
Authors: Nenkam Andree M. , Wadoux Alexandre M. J.‐C. , Minasny Budiman , McBratney Alex B. , Traore Pierre C. S. , Falconnier Gatien N. , Whitbread Anthony M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSince the early 2000s, digital soil maps have been successfully used for various applications, including precision agriculture, environmental assessments and land use management. Globally, however, there are large disparities in the availability of soil data on which digital soil mapping (DSM) models can be fitted. Several studies attempted to transfer a DSM model fitted from an area with a well‐developed soil database to map the soil in areas with low sampling density. This usually is a challenging task because two areas have hardly ever the same soil‐forming factors in two different regions of the world. In this study, we aim to determine whether finding homosoils (i.e., locations sharing similar soil‐forming factors) can help transferring soil information by means of a DSM model extrapolation. We hypothesize that within areas in the world considered as homosoils, one can leverage on areas with high sampling density and fit a DSM model, which can then be extrapolated geographically to an area with little or no data. We collected publicly available soil data for clay, silt, sand, organic carbon (OC), pH and total nitrogen (N) within our study area in Mali, West Africa and its homosoils. We fitted a regression tree model between the soil properties and environmental covariates of the homosoils, and applied this model to our study area in Mali. Several calibration and validation strategies were explored. We also compared our approach with existing maps made at a global and a continental scale. We concluded that geographic model extrapolation within homosoils was possible, but that model accuracy dramatically improved when local data were included in the calibration dataset. The maps produced from models fitted with data from homosoils were more accurate than existing products for this study area, for three (silt, sand, pH) out of six soil properties. This study would be relevant to areas with very little or no soil data to carry critical soils and environmental risk assessments at a regional level.Highlights
Soil mapping models were fitted with soil data within the homosoils of Mali.
The fitted models were applied to our study area.
Model accuracy dramatically improved when including local data.
Homosoil maps were more accurate for 3 out of 6 soil properties compared to global and continental maps.
New opportunity to map the regional soil pattern of areas with limited soil data coverage.
Strategic targeting of the temporal lobe with orthogonal placement of responsive neurostimulation leads
Authors: Ho Victoria M. , Dewar Sandra , Salamon Noriko , Fried Itzhak , Eliashiv Dawn 
Published: July 2022

AbstractResponsive neurostimulation (RNS) is an effective treatment modality for refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). However, the optimal placement of RNS leads is not known. We use an orthogonal approach to lead placement instead of the more common longitudinal approach to target the entorhinal cortex (EC), given its potential for modulating activity entering and leaving the hippocampus. An orthogonal approach allows for coverage of the EC as well as the anterior lateral temporal cortex, which may be particularly beneficial for patients with mesial–lateral TLE and may also enable greater modulation of the limbic network. The objective of this study was to determine treatment outcomes for orthogonally placed RNS depth leads targeting the EC. We performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on a cohort of 13 patients. Mean follow‐up duration was 57.3 months, and the 50% responder rate was 76.9%. These results show that orthogonally placed RNS leads are safe and effective for the treatment of refractory TLE. Larger cohorts are needed to further delineate the clinical utility of this novel targeting strategy.
Low‐field MRI findings and follow‐up of central tarsal bone fractures in four non‐racehorses
Authors: Zimmerman Marieke , Schramme Michael , Eberlé Olivia , Drumond Bianca , Carter Joe , Carter‐Arnold Jessica , Thomas‐Cancian Aurelie , Ségard‐Weisse Emilie 
Published: July 2022

SummaryBackgroundCentral tarsal bone fractures in non‐racehorses are uncommon and their MRI appearance and follow‐up have not been described.ObjectivesTo describe the clinical and MRI characteristics and follow‐up of central tarsal bone fractures in non‐racehorses.Study designRetrospective descriptive case series.MethodsThe low‐field MRI appearance of central tarsal bone fractures in sports horses identified over a 9‐year period, was reviewed. Follow‐up MRI examinations, treatment and clinical outcome were included.ResultsFour horses with five vertical fractures of the central tarsal bone were included. There were three Warmbloods, of which two were showjumpers and one a dressage horse, and one Quarter Horse used for western performance. All fractures could consistently be visualised on low‐field standing MRI and were associated with marked sclerosis in the surrounding bone, with little to no associated bone marrow lesion of the central tarsal bone. One horse had bilateral fractures. Three fractures were complete (full‐thickness) slab fractures and two were incomplete (partial‐thickness) slab fractures. Fractures occurred in a consistent dorsomedial to plantarolateral oblique orientation and were non‐displaced. Incomplete fractures occurred at the dorsomedial proximal aspect of the central tarsal bone. All horses were treated conservatively initially. The dressage horse with bilateral fractures and the Quarter Horse remained lame after conservative treatment and were subsequently treated surgically. Three horses returned to their previous level of performance, one horse in spite of persistent MRI evidence of a fracture line (non‐union), while the Quarter Horse returned to a lower level of reining.Main limitationsSmall number of horses.ConclusionsStanding low‐field MRI is helpful in the diagnosis of central tarsal bone fractures. Central tarsal bone fractures occur in a dorsomedial to plantarolateral orientation in sports horses, can be complete or incomplete, unilateral or bilateral and remain non‐displaced. The prognosis is good for return to performance.
The future of public audit
Authors: Ferry Laurence , Radcliffe Vaughan S. , Steccolini Ileana 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPublic sector audit is a vital activity within democratic states, which underpins the relationship between the government and the governed, the executive and the legislature, and different parts of the government. While there has been a lot of exceptional work in recent years on public sector audit, the sector faces new challenges. These challenges include regulatory space considerations, digitalization, the impact of service delivery design change, how audit and accountability arrangements address crises such as austerity, Brexit, black lives matter, climate change, disease in the form of COVID‐19 and war, and increased skepticism about the role of audit in society more generally. In this special issue, a group of scholars came together to describe this crisis in public audit, how the current literature addresses different facets of it and show how future research can contribute to analyzing it. This introductory article provides a brief summary of the current context of the “what, why, when, how, where and who” of public audit, before considering the contribution of each individual paper in this special issue to assisting in understanding the crisis of public audit, and finally setting out a conclusion and future directions.
Early childhood income instability, food insecurity, and adolescents' behavioral health
Authors: Zhang Liwei , Shimizu Rei , Zhang Yiwei , Simmel Cassandra 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis research examines the associations of early childhood income instability with subsequent behavioral outcomes in adolescence, paying attention to the mediating role of food insecurity.BackgroundExisting research has documented the rise in income instability in recent decades. Yet, few studies have addressed how income instability during early childhood may shape subsequent behavioral health outcomes in adolescence, beyond the effect of income levels. Furthermore, the mechanism underlying the longitudinal link remains unexplored.MethodStructural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted with the Fragile Families and Child Well‐being Study, a longitudinal data set following families with children in 20 large cities in the United States (N = 3,422).ResultsIndependent from average income levels, both incidence and frequency of negative income changes were significantly indirectly associated with higher levels of internalizing and externalizing behaviors in adolescence. Food insecurity operated as a mediator of the association.ConclusionThe results suggest cumulative associations between income instability and children's behavioral outcomes and the substantial role of food insecurity in linking the two.ImplicationsPolicies and programs need to promote economic stability during early childhood and to ensure food security in nurturing children's short‐ and long‐term well‐being.
Metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease directly related to liver fibrosis independent of insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and alcohol intake in morbidly obese patients
Authors: Inamine Susumu , Kage Masayoshi , Akiba Jun , Kawaguchi Takumi , Yoshio Sachiyo , Kawaguchi Machiko , Nakano Dan , Tsutsumi Tsubasa , Hashida Ryuki , Oshiro Kouichi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimHepatic fibrosis is associated with various factors, including metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), insulin resistance, and alcohol intake in patients with morbid obesity. We investigated factors directly associated with hepatic fibrosis in patients with morbid obesity using a graphical model.MethodsWe enrolled 134 consecutive patients with morbid obesity who underwent liver biopsy during sleeve gastrectomy (median age 43.5 years; MAFLD 78.4%; homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA‐IR] 5.97; >20 g/day alcohol intake 14.2%). Patients were classified into none/mild (F0/1; n = 77) or significant/advanced fibrosis (F2/3; n = 57) groups, based on histology. Factors associated with F2/3 were analyzed using logistic regression analysis and a graphical model.ResultsF2/3 was observed in 42.5% of the enrolled patients. The prevalence of MAFLD and HOMA‐IR values were significantly higher in the F2/3 group than in the F0/1 group; however, no significant difference in alcohol intake was observed between the two groups. On logistic regression analysis, MAFLD, but not HOMA‐IR or alcohol intake, was the only independent factor associated with F2/3 (odds ratio 7.555; 95% confidence interval 2.235–25.544; p = 0.0011). The graphical model revealed that F2/3 directly interacted with MAFLD, diabetes mellitus, HOMA‐IR, and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. Among these factors, MAFLD showed the strongest interaction with F2/3.ConclusionsWe determined that MAFLD was more directly associated with significant/advanced fibrosis than insulin resistance or hyperlipidemia, and alcohol intake was not directly associated with hepatic fibrosis. Metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease could be the most important factor for hepatic fibrosis in patients with morbid obesity.
Evaluation of an immersive simulation programme for mental health clinicians to address aggression, violence, and clinical deterioration
Authors: Young Jeanne , Fawcett Kylie , Gillman Lucia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the effectiveness of high‐fidelity immersive simulation education to support inter‐professional hospital clinical staff in recognizing and responding to aggression, violence, and clinical deterioration of patients admitted with mental health issues. Increased incidents of aggression and violence have been reported in many clinical hospital settings, especially in mental health wards. Patients experiencing severe psychological distress/agitation can result in the escalation of physiological symptoms such as chest pain, difficulty breathing, traumatic injury, etc. Mental health staff do receive aggression prevention training and medical emergency team training. However, there is added complexity when dealing with a mental health patient who is exhibiting aggressive, violent behaviour while also experiencing a medical or psychological emergency. Therefore, mental health staff needed a combined training programme that enhanced their delivery of recovery focussed care, de‐escalation, and medical emergency crisis resource management skills. This study used a prospective quasi experimental research design with repeated measures. Hospital clinical staff were immersed in two mental health emergency response and clinical deterioration scenarios and debriefing sessions. Self‐efficacy was evaluated using a 10‐item validated tool which addressed non‐technical skills of Leadership, Management, Communication, and Teamwork. The sample consisted of 122 clinical staff, with the majority from mental health wards (52%; n = 63) who were nurses (68%; n = 83). Mean self‐efficacy scores increased significantly across the three time points (F = 11.555; df = 2; P = 0.000). Post hoc pairwise comparisons showed that self‐efficacy scores increased between pretest (mean 62.9; n = 122) and posttest 1 (mean 83.2; n = 122) and follow up, 3 months later (posttest 2; mean 81.9; n = 24). Between pre‐ and posttest 1, significant improvements in self‐efficacy were observed for both the Leadership/Management domain (t = 8.2; df 119; P < 0.000; 95% CI 13.3–21.7) and the Communication/Teamwork domain (t = 8.0; df 119; P < 0.000; 95% CI 11.1–18.4). Immersive simulation with high fidelity education was found to be effective in improving hospital nursing and medical staffs' confidence, when responding to incidents of aggression/violence and clinical deterioration of a mental health patient.
Plant dispersal characteristics shape the relationship of diversity with area and isolation
Authors: Walentowitz Anna , Troiano Claudia , Christiansen Julie B. , Steinbauer Manuel J. , Barfod Anders S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimThe relation of plant dispersal syndromes with insular species richness patters remains one of the challenges in island biogeography, especially as people have affected species distribution patterns. This study disentangles how dispersal syndromes influence the relationship of richness with area and isolation while also accounting for the human impact on island biodiversity. It builds on the potential of islands at the mesoscale and of similar origin to contribute to the ongoing discussion in island biogeography on what determines species richness and filtering.LocationDenmark, 54 islands in the North and Baltic Sea.TaxonVascular plants, including pteridophytes.MethodsGeneralized linear models (GLMs) and linear regressions are used to analyse how dispersal syndromes influence the relationships of species numbers with island area and isolation, as well as island inhabitation and human density, respectively.ResultsSpecies numbers, seed mass and the proportion of zoochore and anemochore species are positively related to island area while the share of water‐dispersed species decreases with increasing area. Isolation is weakly related to mean seed mass but has no explaining power for species numbers and the presence of specific dispersal syndrome on the target islands. Species richness and seed mass were positively related to human presence.Main conclusionsHuman impact for centuries has not overwritten the strong relationship of species richness with area on the Danish Islands but is affecting the shape of this relationship. Island area constitutes a strong filter for different dispersal syndromes and leads to the assumption that heavier and animal‐dispersed seeds are positively related to area due to the presence of more bird and mammal species. Human‐induced loss of isolation caused by ongoing traffic and the connection of landmasses by bridges and ferries may be a reason for the overall low explanatory power of island isolation.
Three Decades on: Still a Capability–Expectations Gap? Pragmatic Expectations towards the EU from Asia in 2020
Authors: Lai Suetyi , Bacon Paul , Holland Martin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper uses Hill's seminal ‘Capability–Expectations Gap’ framework (CEG) to analyse EU capabilities and expectations of the EU, from the perspectives of four key Asia‐Pacific states, China, Indonesia, Japan and South Korea. Intensive analysis of domestic print media shows that all four states have low perceptions of EU capability, particularly EU ability to reach agreement on common action. Indonesia and South Korea also have low overall expectations of the EU. Japan has some expectations of the EU, but mostly related to EU internal and neighbourhood action, confirming findings of previous research identifying a Japanese ‘expectations deficit’ regarding EU external action. China however had many expectations of EU external action, on bilateral relations, but also multilateral governance and management of the international economy. Therefore, from the Chinese perspective a significant EU capability–expectations gap is identified.
The efficacy of culture‐guided versus empirical therapy with high‐dose proton pump inhibitor as third‐line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection: A real‐world clinical experience
Authors: Wang Jiunn‐Wei , Hsu Ping‐I , Lin Ming‐Hong , Kao John , Tsay Feng‐Woei , Wu I‐Ting , Shie Chang‐Bih , Wu Deng‐Chyang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and AimMost consensuses recommend culture‐guided therapy as third‐line Helicobacter pylori treatment. This study aimed to investigate the efficacies of culture‐guided therapy and empirical therapy with high‐dose proton pump inhibitor (PPI) in the H. pylori third‐line treatment.MethodsBetween August 2012 and October 2021, H. pylori‐infected patients with at least two failed eradication attempts received anti‐H. pylori therapy according to the results of antimicrobial sensitivity tests plus high‐dose rabeprazole and/or bismuth. They were categorized into three groups: patients who had positive results of culture with equal to or more than three susceptible antibiotics were treated by culture‐guided non‐bismuth quadruple therapy, patients who had positive results of culture with one or two susceptible antibiotics were treated by culture‐guided bismuth‐containing therapy, and patients who had a negative result of culture were treated by an empirical therapy with high‐dose rabeprazole plus amoxicillin, tetracycline and levofloxacin. A post‐treatment assessment was conducted at week 8.ResultsWe recruited 126 patients. The eradication rates of culture‐guided non‐bismuth quadruple therapy (n = 50), culture‐guided bismuth‐containing therapy (n = 46) and empirical therapy (n = 30) were 84.0%, 87.0%, and 66.7% (95% confidence interval: 73.8–94.2%, 77.3–96.7%, and 49.8–83.6%), respectively. Overall, culture‐guided therapy achieved a higher eradication rate than empirical therapy (85.4% vs 66.7%; 95% confidence interval, 0.4% to 37.0%, P = 0.022).ConclusionsCulture‐guided therapy with high‐dose PPI achieves a higher eradication rate than empirical therapy with high‐dose PPI in the third‐line treatment of H. pylori infection. The eradication rate of rescue therapy with bismuth plus two susceptible antibiotics is not inferior to that with three susceptible antibiotics.
Hesperetin attenuates UVA‐induced photodamage in human dermal fibroblast cells
Authors: Lu Zhiyu , Xia Qingyue , Cheng Yuxin , Lu Qian , Li Yueyue , Zeng Ni , Luan Xingbao , Li Yuan , Fan Lipan , Luo Dan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundUltraviolet A (UVA) radiation causes skin damage. Recently, natural compounds have become an interest to protect skin from UV‐induced photodamages.MethodsIn this study, we investigated the protective effects of hesperetin, a citrus flavonoid, on UVA‐induced oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and photoaging.ResultsOur results showed that hesperetin increased the cell viability, suppressed the intracellular ROS levels, and decreased the expression of MMPs including MMP‐1 and MMP‐3, pro‐inflammatory cytokines including IL‐6 and COX‐2 in UVA‐irradiated HDFs. Besides, hesperetin exerted an anti‐apoptotic effect by increasing expression of anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl‐2 and decreasing expression of pro‐apoptotic protein Bax. Moreover, these anti‐photodamage effects were mediated by inhibition of ERK, p38/AP‐1, and NF‐κb/p65 phosphorylation.ConclusionTherefore, hesperetin may be useful in the prevention of UVA‐induced skin damage.
The effect of Medicago sativa extract and light on skin hypopigmentation disorders in C57/BL6 mice
Authors: Ubaydee Azal Hussein Najm , Issa Reem , Hajleh Maha N. Abu , Ghanim Bayan Y. , Al‐Akayleh Faisal , Qinna Nidal A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundVitiligo is a common depigmentation skin disease that affects the quality of life in many patients.AimsThis study aims to investigate the effect of Medicago sativa methanol extract on the treatment of skin hypopigmentation disorders.MethodsAntioxidant activity and phytochemical constituents of the extract were determined using DDPH assay, Folin–Ciocalteu, AlCl3, and HPLC‐MS/MS analysis. Oil in water (o/w) creams were prepared to contain the methanolic extract, and applied to hydroquinone‐induced depigmentation in vivo model and further challenged in combination with UVA light exposure. Skin and hair colors were visually scored and evaluated at different time intervals, and histopathological examinations of skin layers and hair follicles were performed.ResultsA total phenolic content of 187.70 mg/g, equivalent to gallic acid, and total flavonoid content of 21.97 mg/g, equivalent to quercetin, were recorded. Extract showed 71% antioxidant activity. Moreover, the HPLC‐MS/MS detection revealed the presence of 18 compounds including P‐coumaric acid and antioxidants flavonoids, of those are seven compounds not previously detected in this species. The in vivo study showed a remarkable skin and hair pigmentation effect on plant extract‐treated groups, compared to the reference, placebo, and control groups. Histopathological examinations showed the growth of colored hair follicles in the dermis and epidermis layers of the extract‐treated mice.ConclusionThe study suggests the use of M. sativa extract in enhancing the pigmentation process in hypopigmented skin and hair if combined with UVA light. Therefore, M. sativa extract can be considered a potential treatment for vitiligo.