bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A population-based study of administrative data linkage to measure melanoma surgical and pathology quality
Authors: McKay Douglas R. , Nguyen Paul , Wang Ami , Hanna Timothy P. 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundContinuous quality improvement is important for cancer systems. However, collecting and compiling quality indicator data can be time-consuming and resource-intensive. Here we explore the utility and feasibility of linked routinely collected health data to capture key elements of quality of care for melanoma in a single-payer, universal health care setting.MethodThis pilot study utilized a retrospective population-based cohort from a previously developed linked administrative data set, with a 65% random sample of all invasive cutaneous melanoma cases diagnosed 2007–2012 in the province of Ontario. Data from the Ontario Cancer Registry was utilized, supplemented with linked pathology report data from Cancer Care Ontario, and other linked administrative data describing health care utilization. Quality indicators identified through provincial guidelines and international consensus were evaluated for potential collection with administrative data and measured where possible.ResultsA total of 7,654 cases of melanoma were evaluated. Ten of 25 (40%) candidate quality indicators were feasible to be collected with the available administrative data. Many indicators (8/25) could not be measured due to unavailable clinical information (e.g. width of clinical margins). Insufficient pathology information (6/25) or health structure information (1/25) were less common reasons. Reporting of recommended variables in pathology reports varied from 65.2% (satellitosis) to 99.6% (body location). For stage IB-II or T1b-T4a melanoma patients where SLNB should be discussed, approximately two-thirds met with a surgeon experienced in SLNB. Of patients undergoing full lymph node dissection, 76.2% had adequate evaluation of the basin.ConclusionsWe found that use of linked administrative data sources is feasible for measurement of melanoma quality in some cases. In those cases, findings suggest opportunities for quality improvement. Consultation with surgeons offering SLNB was limited, and pathology report completeness was sub-optimal, but was prior to routine synoptic reporting. However, to measure more quality indicators, text-based data sources will require alternative approaches to manual collection such as natural language processing or standardized collection. We recommend development of robust data platforms to support continuous re-evaluation of melanoma quality indicators, with the goal of optimizing quality of care for melanoma patients on an ongoing basis.
Predictors of HIV testing among youth aged 15–24 years in The Gambia
Authors: Sonko Ismaila , Chung Min-Huey , Hou Wen-Hsuan , Chen Wei-Ti , Chang Pi-Chen 
Published: February 2022

Background
Worldwide, an estimated 38.0 million people lived with the human immunodeficiency virus in 2019, and 3.4 million young people aged 15~24 years were living with HIV. Sub-Saharan Africa carries a significant HIV burden with West and Central Africa most affected with HIV. Among the young people living with HIV in West and Central Africa, an estimated 810,000 were aged 15~24 years. This study aimed to assess predictors that influence the uptake of HIV testing among youth aged 15~24 years in The Gambia.

Methods
The 2013 Gambia Demographic and Health Survey data for youth aged 15~24 years was used. The Andersen behavioral model of health service use guided this study. A cross-sectional study design was used on 6194 subjects, among which 4730 were female. The analysis employed Chi-squared tests and hierarchical logistic regression.

Results
Less than one-quarter of the youth 1404 (22.6%) had ever been tested for HIV. Young people aged 20~24 years (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.98), who were females (aOR: 1.13), married youth (aOR: 3.89), with a primary (aOR: 1.23), secondary or higher education (aOR: 1.46), and who were from the Jola/Karoninka ethnic group (aOR: 1.81), had higher odds of having been tested for HIV. Those with adequate HIV knowledge and those who were sexually active and had aged at first sex ≥15 years (aOR: 3.99) and those <15 years (aOR: 3.96) were more likely to have been tested for HIV compared to those who never had sex.

Conclusion
This study underscores the low level of model testing on HIV testing among youth (15~24 years) in The Gambia. Using Anderson’s Model of Health Service Utilization, the predisposing factors (socio-demographic and HIV knowledge) and the need-for-care factors (sexual risk behaviors) predict healthcare utilization services (HIV testing) in our study; however, only socio-demographic model explained most of the variance in HIV testing. The low effect of model testing could be related to the limited number of major variables selected for HIV knowledge and sexual risk behavior models. Thus, consideration for more variables is required for future studies.
Age-specific effectiveness of a tuberculosis screening intervention in children
Authors: Brooks Meredith B. , Dubois Melanie M. , Malik Amyn A. , Ahmed Junaid F. , Siddiqui Sara , Khan Salman , Brohi Manzoor , Das Valecha Teerath , Amanullah Farhana , Becerra Mercedes C. , Hussain Hamidah 
Published: February 2022

Objective
To apply a cascade-of-care framework to evaluate the effectiveness—by age of the child—of an intensified tuberculosis patient-finding intervention.

Design
From a prospective screening program at four hospitals in Pakistan (2014–2016) we constructed a care cascade comprising six steps: screened, positive screen, evaluated, diagnosed, started treatment, and successful outcome. We evaluated the cascade by each year of age from 0 to 14 and report the age-specific mean proportion and standard deviation.

Results
On average across all ages, only 12.5% (standard deviation: 2.0%) of children with a positive screen were not evaluated. Among children who had a complete evaluation, the highest percentages of children diagnosed with tuberculosis were observed in children 0–4 (mean: 31.9%; standard deviation: 4.8%), followed by lower percentages in children 5–9 (mean: 22.4%; standard deviation: 2.2%), and 10–14 (mean: 26.0%; standard deviation:5.4%). Nearly all children diagnosed with tuberculosis initiated treatment, and an average of 93.3% (standard deviation: 3.3%) across all ages had successful treatment outcomes.

Conclusions
This intervention was highly effective across ages 0–14 years. Our study illustrates the utility of applying operational analyses of age-stratified cascades to identify age-specific gaps in pediatric tuberculosis care that can guide future, novel interventions to close these gaps.
A family of asymptotically independent statistics in polynomial scheme containing the Pearson statistic
Authors: Savelov Maxim P. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We consider a polynomial scheme with N outcomes. The Pearson statistic is the classical one for testing the hypothesis that the probabilities of outcomes are given by the numbers p
1, …, pN
. We suggest a couple of N − 2 statistics which along with the Pearson statistics constitute a set of N − 1 asymptotically jointly independent random variables, and find their limit distributions. The Pearson statistics is the square of the length of asymptotically normal random vector. The suggested statistics are coordinates of this vector in some auxiliary spherical coordinate system.
Conversion of bleached soda bagasse paper-grade pulp to dissolving-grade pulp using different hemicelluloses removing post-treatments with emphasis on IONCELL-P process
Authors: Gilan Kajal Moradian , Hedjazi Sahab , Lê Huy Quang , Abdolkhani Ali , Ceccherini Sara , Viljanen Mira , Sixta Herbert 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Paper-grade pulp, rich in hemicellulose content, is a cheap source for producing dissolving pulps. The main challenge in the conversion of a cheap paper-grade pulp to a higher-valued dissolving pulp is the selective removal of hemicelluloses, while maintaining the pulp reactivity. This paper presents a comparison of different hemicellulose extraction methods such as cold caustic extraction, IONCELL-P(ulp) and xylanase treatment on converting fully bleached soda bagasse paper-grade pulp to dissolving pulp. IONCELL-P(ulp) treatment, using an optimized1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate/water as the extraction medium, yielded 85% xylan removal, which is comparable to the cold caustic extraction or a combination of xylanase treatment and cold caustic extraction. A complete separation of the two polymers by IONCELL-P(ulp) is not possible due to the overlap of the molecular masses of the cellulose and xylan molecules, an inherent characteristic of sugarcane bagasse pulp. All the investigated methods effectively removed xylan, with differences in the selectivity and the reactivity of the remaining pulp.
Preparation and characterization of electrospun sulfonated polysulfone/ZrO2 composite nanofiber membranes
Authors: Karanfil Gamze 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this study, polysulfone (PSF) polymer, which is primarily intended to be used as a proton exchange membrane (PEM) was selected and sulfonated to increase proton conductivity. In order to improve the water uptake (WU) and ion exchange capacity (IEC) of the produced membranes, zirconium oxide (ZrO2) inorganic additive was added at different ratios and composite nanofiber membranes were produced by electrospinning. The electrospinning parameters were optimized to obtain the sulfonated polysulfone (sPSF)–ZrO2 nanofiber composite membranes and the optimum conditions were determined as 70 % polymer concentration, 26 kV voltage, 0.25 mL h−1 feed rate, and 15 cm needle–collector distance. Structural characterizations of the produced nanofiber composite membranes were carried out and their swelling behavior was investigated. When the results were examined, it was observed that the IEC values decreased with the increase in the amount of ZrO2 and it was thought that the inorganic additive would affect the continuity of the sulfone groups by blocking the pores. Similarly, according to the swelling behavior results, there was a decrease in the WU capacity and swelling ratio (SR) due to the blocking effect of ZrO2 in nanofiber composite membranes with an additive ratio of more than 5 %. Compared with the literature, the results showed that sPSF–ZrO2 nanofiber composite membranes show potential for applications as PEMs.
Dualism and superposition in the analysis of English synthetic compounds ending in-er
Authors: Mattiello Elisa , Dressler Wolfgang U. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article studies the role of synthetic-compound families, both formal families and their semantic (or rather conceptual) subfamilies, in the analysis of synthetic compounds (SCs). For this purpose, four formal families of English non-Latinate synthetic compounds sharing their second base and three Latinate families have been investigated. Unlike previous approaches ranging from a purely syntactic treatment of SCs to a more lexical treatment, this study aims at providing a novel explanation for these complex formations. First, it argues that SCs have an ambiguous nature, hovering between (a) morphological suffixation of a verb/word group and (b) morphological derivation and subsequent compounding. Second, it emphasizes the importance of compound families and subfamilies in SCs’ formation and interpretation. By combining a corpus-based analysis with a qualitative synchronic and diachronic investigation of seven compound families – namelyX-breaker,X-holder,X-killer,X-maker,X-manager,X-producer, andX-provider – the article provides a fine-grained semantic categorization of their subfamilies. Results show that (a) a homogeneous approach to SCs is not sufficient to account for observations in corpus data and (b) there are different types of SCs reflecting different constructional types. Nearly all results from questionnaires completed by native speakers confirm, or are at least compatible with our results. From a theoretical viewpoint, these results suggest a novel addition to the definition of productivity in word-formation: i.e., the ability to create new (sub-)families. The basic ambiguity between a derivational and compositional analysis of SCs can be resolved by assuming dualism and superposition of suffixing and compounding, similar to Albert Einstein’s assumption of duality and superposition of waves and particles (photons) for light. Thus, several subfamilies (clearly or predominantly) consist of derivations, others of compounds, still others show superposition of both, and at least partial superposition seems to be possible for most of the other subfamilies.
The crystal structure of 7-Bromo-2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-quinoxaline, C14H9BrClN2
Authors: Zhang Lilei , Cheng Tianyu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
C14H8BrClN2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 17.1347(11) Å, b = 3.8441(2) Å, c = 18.4127(12) Å, β = 97.861(2)°, V = 1201.40(13) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0388, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1302, T = 170 K.
Increased serum cystatin C levels and responses of pancreatic α- and β-cells in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Yuan Hui-qing , Miao Jia-xi , Xu Jia-ping , Zhu Su-xiang , Xu Feng , Wang Xiao-hua , Wang Chun-hua , Yu Chao , Wang Xue-qin , Su Jian-bin , Zhang Dong-mei 
Published: February 2022

Background
Increased serum cystatin C (CysC) can predict the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Meanwhile, impaired pancreatic α- and β-cell functions get involved in the pathophysiological processes of T2D. So this study was to explore the relationships between serum CysC levels and pancreatic α- and β-cell functions in T2D.

Methods
In this cross-sectional observational study, a total of 2634 patients with T2D were consecutively recruited. Each recruited patient received a serum CysC test and oral glucose tolerance test for synchronous detection of serum C-peptide and plasma glucagon. As components of pancreatic β-cell function, insulin secretion and sensitivity indices were evaluated by C-peptide area under the curve (AUC-CP) and C-peptide-substituted Matsuda’s index (Matsuda-CP), respectively. Fasting glucagon (F-GLA) and post-challenge glucagon calculated by glucagon area under the curve (AUC-GLA) were used to assess pancreatic α-cell function. These skewed indices and were further natural log-transformed (ln).

Results
With quartiles of serum CysC levels ascending, AUC-CP, F-GLA and AUC-GLA were increased, while Matsuda-CP was decreased (P for trend <0.001). Moreover, serum CysC levels were positively related to lnAUC-CP, lnF-GLA and lnAUC-GLA (r= 0.241, 0.131 and 0.208, respectively, P < 0.001), and inversely related to lnMatsuda-CP (r= –0.195, P  < 0.001). Furthermore, after controlling for other relevant variables via multivariable linear regression analysis, serum CysC levels were identified to account for lnAUC-CP (β= 0.178, t= 10.518, P  < 0.001), lnMatsuda-CP (β= –0.137, t= –7.118, P  < 0.001), lnF-GLA (β= 0.049, t= 2.263, P = 0.024) and lnAUC-GLA (β= 0.121, t= 5.730, P  < 0.001).

Conclusions
Increased serum CysC levels may be partly responsible for increased insulin secretion from β-cells, decreased systemic insulin sensitivity, and elevated fasting and postprandial glucagon secretion from α-cells in T2D.
The role of information sources and characteristics of children in the acceptance of Japanese encephalitis (JE) mass immunization in Bali Province
Authors: Suardani Nyoman , Wirawan Dewa Nyoman , Sawitri Anak Agung Sagung 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTBackground and purpose: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a public health issue that can be prevented by immunization programs. Indonesia began the JE immunization campaign in Bali through simultaneous immunization for children aged 9 months to 15 years. Although information dissemination has been carried out, knowledge, perceptions and characteristics of mother and child can influence the acceptance and uptake of immunization for children. This study aims to determine the factors that influence acceptance of JE mass immunization in Bali Province.Methods: Secondary data analysis was performed on the results of the JE Supplementary Immunization Activities (SIA) Udayana University survey which consisted of 1,284 mothers and 2,107 children. The survey was conducted from June-August 2018 in nine districts/cities in Bali Province. The association between knowledge, perception and respondentsâ€™ characteristics with acceptance of JE mass immunization was analyzed with chi square test and multivariate analysis was conducted using logistic regression.Results: The proportion of children who received immunization was 93.9% (95%CI: 92.8-94.9). The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant association between acceptance of JE mass immunization with the childâ€™s age, sex, educational status, complete basic immunization history, motherâ€™s perception of severity, benefits, barriers, knowledge and sources of information (p<0.05). Multivariate analysis shows that the variables which significantly increase JE mass immunization acceptance are information from a combination of media and face to face education (AOR=3.95; 95%CI: 2.01-7.77), schooling children (AOR=2.43; 95%CI: 1.23-4.79), living outside of Denpasar City (AOR=2.32; 95%CI: 1.49-3.62), children who have received complete basic immunization (AOR=2.22; 95%CI:1.42-3.49), face to face information only (AOR=2.11; 95%CI: 1.21-3.70) and girls (AOR=1.68; 95%CI: 1.15-2.46).Conclusion: Information disseminated via a combination of media and face to face is the strongest variable influencing JE mass immunization acceptance. Providing appropriate information through a combination of media and face to face education by health or non-health workers needs to be considered.Â Keywords: Catch-up campaign, immunization campaign, Japanese encephalitis
Association between husband support and compliance with post-cryotherapy requirements among mothers in Tabanan District, Bali
Authors: Upadana Gede Ngurah , Karmaya I Nyoman Mangku , Sawitri Anak Agung Sagung 
Published: February 2022

Background and purpose: Cervical cancer is a major global health problem for women, with most of cases occurring in developing countries. Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) is one method for screening precancerous cervical lesions which can then be followed up with cryotherapy. The success of cryotherapy is influenced by many factors including maternal compliance to meet the clinical requirements after cryotherapy. This study aims to determine the association between husband's support and mother's compliance with post-cryotherapy requirements.Â Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 142 mothers with positive VIA test results and had received cryotherapy in six Tabanan public health centers (PHCs) consisting of four PHCs in urban areas and two PHCs in rural areas. All mothers who underwent cryotherapy during 2017 were selected as samples. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews in each respondent's home using a questionnaire. The information collected was four post-cryotherapy requirements consisting of sexual abstinence, on schedule follow-up examinations, finishing the entire antibiotic regimen, not using topical vaginal medication and husband's support. Husband's support was measured by 11 questions including social, psychological and environmental supports. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were performed with chi-square test and logistic regression respectively.Â Results: This study shows that only 39.4% of respondents were compliant to meet the four post cryotherapy requirements. As many as 32.4% of mothers had sex within 4 weeks after cryotherapy and 40.1% did not have the follow up examinations on schedule. Husband's support was significantly associated with maternal compliance in the form of asking about respondentâ€™s health condition with AOR=6.658 (95%CI: 1.794-24.702) and not asking for coitus with AOR=4.151 (95%CI: 1.491-11.556).Â Conclusion: Mother's compliance in carrying out the four requirements after cryotherapy remains low and the husband's support has a role in increasing maternal compliance. Education about post cryotherapy requirements needs to be improved including involving the role of the husband.
The impact of National Health Insurance online referral system on the access and quality of health services in Gianyar District, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Sawitri Ida Ayu Agung Dewi , Januraga Pande Putu , Nopiyani Ni Made Sri 
Published: February 2022

Background and purpose: The introduction of an online referral system aims to improve the quality and costs control of the National Health Insurance (NHI) or Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional. This study aims to determine the impact of the NHI online referral system implementation on access and quality of health services in Gianyar District.Methods: This is an explorative qualitative study conducted in Gianyar, Bali, Indonesia. Data was collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews to a total of 26 informants recruited purposively. They were including policy makers in the health office and the NHI implementing organization (BPJS), heads of public health centres (puskesmas), private health facilities and referral healthcare facilities; and 13 NHI participants. Data collection was undertaken from May to August 2019. The interview results were thematically analysed based on the Health Care Reform Control Knobs Framework.Results: The study identifies several positive impacts of the online referral system, which include: the closer distance of patients accessing services, the easier it is to obtain information on services at referral health facilities, and the easier the hospital to promote its service products, the higher assurance of patients being accepted by the referral hospitals, patients with special conditions are better accommodated, the easier the administrative procedure, improved time, cost and working procedure efficiencies, increased punctuality of the services, and guaranteed data security that reduces the risk of lost or damaged referral documents. On the other hand, the online referral system has also resulted in negative impacts, some of them were system inconsistencies, information and communication technology (ICT) constraints, service discontinuity, service injustices and loss of patientsâ€™ loyalty.Â Â Conclusion: NHI online referral system generally have positive impacts on access and quality of health services, however, it is necessary to improve several aspects of the online referral system to better accommodate user needs and to optimize service.