bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amplitude enhancement of short period GPS-TEC oscillations over rainfall area
Authors: Iyemori Toshihiko , Yamada Akiyasu , Aoyama Tadashi , Hozumi Kornyanat , Yokoyama Yoshihiro , Odagi Yoko , Sano Yasuharu , Pangsapa Vijak , Jarupongsakul Thanawat , Saito Akinori , Iguchi Masato 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCorrelation between rainfall and short period GPS-TEC (total electron content) variations are investigated by using the precipitation data obtained on the ground and estimated from satellite observations (JAXA/GSMaP) as a proxy of lower atmospheric wave activity. The GPS-TEC data obtained at a tropical station, PHIM, in Phimai, Thailand, for 2014–2020, and the data obtained at a mid-latitude station, NAKG, in Tokara Nakanoshima Island, Japan, for 2017–2019, are examined. A statistical analysis of MEM (maximum entropy method) power spectral density (PSD) in the period range from 50 to 1200 s over PHIM clearly shows an enhancement in the cases of rainfall from that in no-rainfall cases, in particular, on the dusk side. The enhancement is observed both acoustic wave periods less than 5–6 min and internal gravity wave periods more than 10 min. The enhancement after sunset could be an effect of strong rainfall more frequent on the dusk side than that in other local time, or it could suggest the importance of ionospheric electron density profile change for the TEC variation. On the other hand, the PSD does not show such clear enhancement over NAKG on the dusk side, although it shows a small enhancement on both dayside and night-side. A clear PSD bulge near the main vertical acoustic resonance periods, i.e., around 275 s, appears in the average PSD profile of the TEC at PHIM, which suggests that the resonance effect contribute to some extent the PSD enhancement under rainy condition. An event analysis also suggests the contribution of acoustic resonance to the enhancement of the short period TEC variation. A complicated spatial distribution of TEC oscillation over a rainfall area around PHIM, where the TEC oscillations with various periods co-exist, is presented.
Graphical Abstract
Pulpotomy for the Management of Irreversible Pulpitis in Mature Teeth (PIP): a feasibility study
Authors: Clarkson Jan E. , Ramsay Craig R. , Mannocci Francesco , Jarad Fadi , Albadri Sondos , Ricketts David , Tait Carol , Banerjee Avijit , Deery Chris , Boyers Dwayne , Marshman Zoe , Goulao Beatriz , Hamilton Alice R. , Banister Katie , Bell Rosanne , Brown Lori , Conway David I. , Donaldson Pina , Duncan Anne , Dunn Katharine , Fee Patrick , Forrest Mark , Glenny Anne-Marie , Gouick Jill , Gupta Ekta , Jacobsen Elisabet , Kettle Jennifer , MacLennan Graeme , Macpherson Lorna , McGuff Tina , Mitchell Fiona , van der Pol Marjon , Moazzez Rebecca , Roberston Douglas , Wojewodka Gabriella , Young Linda , Lamont Thomas 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Progression of dental caries can result in irreversible pulpal damage. Partial irreversible pulpitis is the initial stage of this damage, confined to the coronal pulp whilst the radicular pulp shows little or no sign of infection. Preserving the pulp with sustained vitality and developing minimally invasive biologically based therapies are key themes within contemporary clinical practice. However, root canal treatment involving complete removal of the pulp is often the only option (other than extraction) given to patients with irreversible pulpitis, with substantial NHS and patient incurred costs. The European Society of Endodontology’s (ESE 2019) recent consensus statement recommends full pulpotomy, where the inflamed coronal pulp is removed with the goal of keeping the radicular pulp vital, as a more minimally invasive technique, potentially avoiding complex root canal treatment. Although this technique may be provided in secondary care, it has not been routinely implemented or evaluated in UK General Dental Practice.

Method
This feasibility study aims to identify and assess in a primary care setting the training needs of general dental practitioners and clinical fidelity of the full pulpotomy intervention, estimate likely eligible patient pool and develop recruitment materials ahead of the main randomised controlled trial comparing the clinical and cost-effectiveness of full pulpotomy compared to root canal treatment in pre/molar teeth of adults 16 years and older showing signs indicative of irreversible pulpitis. The feasibility study will recruit and train 10 primary care dentists in the full pulpotomy technique. Dentists will recruit and provide full pulpotomy to 40 participants (four per practice) with indications of partial irreversible pulpitis.

Discussion
The Pulpotomy for the Management of Irreversible Pulpitis in Mature Teeth (PIP) study will address the lack of high-quality evidence in the treatment of irreversible pulpitis, to aid dental practitioners, patients and policymakers in their decision-making. The PIP feasibility study will inform the main study on the practicality of providing both training and provision of the full pulpotomy technique in general dental practice.

Trial registration
ISRCTN Registry, ISRCTN17973604. Registered on 28 January 2021.
Protocol version
Protocol version: 1; date: 03.02.2021
A closed-form pricing formula for European options in an illiquid asset market
Authors: Pasricha Puneet , Zhu Song-Ping , He Xin-Jiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article addresses the problem of pricing European options when the underlying asset is not perfectly liquid. A liquidity discounting factor as a function of market-wide liquidity governed by a mean-reverting stochastic process and the sensitivity of the underlying price to market-wide liquidity is firstly introduced, so that the impact of liquidity on the underlying asset can be captured by the option pricing model. The characteristic function is analytically worked out using the Feynman–Kac theorem and a closed-form pricing formula for European options is successfully derived thereafter. Through numerical experiments, the accuracy of the newly derived formula is verified, and the significance of incorporating liquidity risk into option pricing is demonstrated.
Self-handicapping strategies in educational context: construction and validation of the Brazilian Self-Handicapping Strategies Scale (EEAPREJ)
Authors: Boruchovitch Evely , Rufini Sueli Edi , Ganda Danielle Ribeiro , Miranda Lucia Cerqueira , de Almeida Leandro Silva 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSelf-handicapping strategies refer to the set of choices and attitudes adopted to minimize blame for failure and increase the value of success in achievement situations. This paper aims to describe the stages of construction and the psychometric analysis of a scale to measure the self-handicapping strategies of university students. In study 1, the major steps for the construction of the scales and initial results are reported. The internal consistency indices were acceptable and the principal component analysis revealed factors with little explanation of data variance. In study 2, data from a sample of 834 students from several undergraduate courses of different Brazilian universities were subjected to exploratory factor analysis using the minimum rank factor analysis (MRFA) method and the matrix of polychoric correlations. The parallel analysis criterion for factor retention indicated the one-factor solution as the best fit to data. The importance of having a valid and reliable measure to assess self-handicapping strategies in educational contexts and the promising use of the scale in actions to improve learning in higher education are discussed.
Sample selection bias with multiple dependent selection rules: an application to survey data analysis with multilevel nonresponse
Authors: Rezaee Alireza , Ganjali Mojtaba , Bahrami Samani Ehsan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe microdata of surveys are valuable resources for analyzing and modeling relationships between variables of interest. These microdata are often incomplete because of nonresponses in surveys and, if not considered, may lead to model misspecification and biased results. Nonresponse variable is usually assumed as a binary variable, and it is used to construct a sample selection model in many researches. However, this variable is a multilevel variable related to its reasons of occurring. Missing mechanism may differ among the levels of nonresponse, and merging the levels of nonresponse may cause bias in the results of the analysis. In this paper, a method is proposed for analyzing survey data with respect to reasons for the nonresponse based on sample selection model. Each nonresponse level is considered as a selection rule, and classical Heckman model is extended. Simulation studies and an analysis of a real data set from an establishment survey are presented to demonstrate the performance and practical usefulness of the proposed method.
Targeting mTOR in the Context of Diet and Whole-body Metabolism
Authors: Koundouros Nikos , Blenis John 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The mechanistic target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is the central regulator of cell growth and proliferation by integrating growth factor and nutrient availability. Under healthy physiological conditions, this process is tightly coordinated and essential to maintain whole-body homeostasis. Not surprisingly, dysregulated mTOR signaling underpins several diseases with increasing incidence worldwide, including obesity, diabetes, and cancer. Consequently, there is significant clinical interest in developing therapeutic strategies that effectively target this pathway. The transition of mTOR inhibitors from the bench to bedside, however, has largely been marked with challenges and shortcomings, such as the development of therapy resistance and adverse side effects in patients. In this review, we discuss the current status of first-, second-, and third-generation mTOR inhibitors as a cancer therapy in both preclinical and clinical settings, with a particular emphasis on the mechanisms of drug resistance. We focus especially on the emerging role of diet as an important environmental determinant of therapy response, and posit a conceptual framework that links nutrient availability and whole-body metabolic states such as obesity with many of the previously defined processes that drive resistance to mTOR-targeted therapies. Given the role of mTOR as a central integrator of cell metabolism and function, we propose that modulating nutrient inputs through dietary interventions may influence the signaling dynamics of this pathway and compensatory nodes. In doing so, new opportunities for exploiting diet/drug synergies are highlighted that may unlock the therapeutic potential of mTOR inhibitors as a cancer treatment.
Breastfeeding experiences and support: identifying factors influencing breastfeeding behaviour
Authors: Norman Alyson , Mortimer Samantha , Baptie Grace , Percuklievska Nena , Ferrario Hannah 
Published: April 2022

Background Breastfeeding rates at 6 months in the UK have remained low in recent years, highlighting a need to better understand the factors that influence breastfeeding behaviour. Aim To investigate factors that influence breastfeeding behaviour in the UK and to understand the role of health professionals in promoting and facilitating breastfeeding. Methods Participants with breastfeeding experience (n=1505) completed an online survey, with 30 agreeing to be interviewed. Survey data were analysed using quantitative content analysis and a mixed thematic approach was employed to analyse interview data. Themes were derived from triangulation of survey and interview data. Results The survey identified a range of feeding complications. Thematic analysis identified four themes related to factors influencing breastfeeding: attitudes, availability of information, birthing experience and maternal mental health. Conclusions Healthcare professionals play an important role in the decision to breastfeed. It is essential that appropriate support and information is made available from early in pregnancy and throughout the breastfeeding journey. Particular support and advice is needed for those who have experienced traumatic births or are struggling with poor mental health.
Gender inclusive language on public-facing maternity services websites in England
Authors: Jennings Leifa , Goût Beatrice , Whittaker Paula J 
Published: April 2022

Background Growing numbers of transgender and non-binary people are becoming gestational parents. It is important that patient-facing maternity websites reflect this. This study aimed to assess whether NHS maternity websites in England were inclusive to people of all genders. Methods A total of 130 maternity websites were examined for gender-inclusive language. Websites were categorised as ‘fully inclusive’ if no gender-specific pronouns or terminology was used, ‘inclusive’ if no gendered terminology or pronouns were used but ‘woman/women’ or ‘mothers/mums’ was used to describe patients, or ‘not inclusive’ if gender-specific terms were used, such as ‘she/her’ or ‘ladies’. Results Overall, 71.5% (n=93) of NHS services websites used language that was either inclusive or fully inclusive, but 28.5% (n=37) of providers analysed used language that was not inclusive. Conclusions Increasing language inclusivity in maternity services may help to reduce discrimination experienced by transgender and non-binary patients and contribute to a fulfilled and more diverse workforce.
Three Tier Multiple Choice Test Instrument Design For Analysis Of Student Misconceptions In The Subject Of PPkn
Authors: Widiyana Suci , Rusilowati Ani , Priyanto Agustinus Sugeng 
Published: April 2022

Weaknesses and strengths of mastery of the material students in the learning process can be identified using diagnostic tests. This study aims to determine the appropriateness of the contents of the test instrument three tier multiple choice (3TMC) for students' misconceptions analysis. The method used is Research and Development (R&D) with a 4D model consisting of define, design, development and desemination. The analysis technique used is the content validity, content reliability, different power and difficulty level. Analysis of the content validity of the 3TMC test instrument uses the Aiken formula, the reliability test of the 3TMC test instrument uses Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), while the difference power test and difficulty level use Anates. Content validation data was obtained from 5 validators consisting of 3 expert lecturers and 2 PPKn teachers. The results of expert validation of the 3TMC test instruments obtained 20 valid 3TMC items with 19 items having a value of v of 1.00, 1 item with a value of v of 0.60 in item 14. The results of inter-rater reliability analysis showed an Alpha value of 0.938 with avalue Single Measures of 0.750 â‰¥ 0.5, so it can be seen that the rater agreed in providing an assessment with the criteria of High Reliability. Based on the results of the study it was found that the developed 3TMC test products are valid with little revision and are reliable for use, so that the 3TMC test instrument can be used for the analysis of students' misconceptions on PPKn subjects.
Servant Leadership, Organizational Culture and Organizational Citizenship Behavior on Innovative Work Behavior
Authors: Baety Nur , Rojuaniah Rojuaniah 
Published: April 2022

This study aims to identify the relationship between servant leadership and organizational culture with innovative work behavior through organizational citizenship behavior . This research was conducted through a survey of 179 employees at one of the consumer goods industrial companies in Bekasi, Indonesia in November 2021, who had worked for more than one year from staff to management positions, by distributing questions electronically. The Smart PLS structural equation model is used to analyze the data. The results of the analysis show that servant leadership and organizational culture had positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior, servant leadership has an indirect relationship in increasing innovative work behavior, organizational culture and organizational citizenship behavior had positive effect to increase innovative work behavior in consumer goods industry employees. It is hoped that this research can be used as a reference in developing further research on the influence of servant leadership and organizational culture to increase innovative work behavior through organizational citizenship behavior and can be used as a consideration in implementing effective human resources.
Analysis of the extranucleolar ribonucleoprotein particles of Cycas revoluta Thunb. (Cycadaceae) and Ceratozamia mexicana Brongn. (Zamiaceae)
Authors: Agredano-Moreno Lourdes-Teresa , Segura-Valdez María de Lourdes , Jiménez-Ramírez Jaime , Jiménez-García Luis-Felipe 
Published: April 2022

Background: Nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles play a key role in RNA processing and in the gene expression pathway. Interchromatin granules (GICs) involved in the metabolism of pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) were described in Allium cepa and Chiranthodendron pentadactylon . Other particles as Lacandonia granules (LGs) were found in Lacandonia schismatica as well as Ginkgo biloba and Welwitschia mirabilis . LGs are structures equivalent to perichromatin granules (PCGs) described in mammals and to Balbiani ring granules (BRGs) described in the midge Chironomus tentans . PCGs and BRGs are involved in the metabolism of messenger RNA (mRNA). Here, we analyze the extranucleolar particles from Cycas revoluta and Ceratozamia mexicana and compare them to GICs and LGs using conventional electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy.
Species study: Cycas revoluta (Cycadaceae) and Ceratozamia mexicana (Zamiaceae)
Hypothesis: The extranucleolar ribonucleoprotein particles in the nuclei of C. revoluta and C. mexicana are equivalent to GICs or GLs.
Methods: Fragments of young leaves of C. revoluta and C. mexicana were processed for standard transmission electron microscopy. Thin sections were stained with the EDTA technique preferential for ribonucleoproteins and osmium amine specific for DNA. From the semithin sections the samples were studied with the AFM and images of them were obtained.
Results: Ribonucleoprotein particles 32 nm in diameter are present in the interchromatin and perichromatin space in C. revoluta and C. mexicana .
Conclusion: Ribonucleoprotein particles present in the cell nuclei of C. mexicana and C. revoluta are ultrastructurally equivalent to LGs .

Translate
stop

Translate
stop

Translate
stop
Olfactory neuroblastoma: A case report
Authors: Kathuria Sunil , Sunny Chikku 
Published: April 2022

Olfactory neuroblastoma (ON) is a rare malignant neuroectodermal tumor of the nasal cavity. The malignancy accounts for &#60;3% of tumours originating in the nasal cavity. Through the nasal cavity, ON may infiltrate the sinuses, the orbit and the cranium. The tumour is characterized by a pattern of slow growth and local recurrences. Olfactory neuroblastoma is a neoplasm that can histologically mimic many tumours within the sinonasal tract. Treatment options are surgical excision combined with a radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy combination treatment.The present study reports the case of a 45 year-old male patient with a mass in the nasal cavity who was treated by combined surgical excision and radiotherapy. The literature for ON and the treatment of the tumour are also discussed.
Self-development as a factor of professional growth of future teachers
Authors: Madina Zhilgildinova , Aubakirova Rakhila Zh , Manyapova Tina , Rakhmetollauly Berikbol Rakhat , Anatolyevna Kostyunina Alyona , Mishchenko Ekaterina Vitalevna 
Published: April 2022

The problem of improving the professionalism of teaching staff for higher education is certainly important in the Kazakhstan education system. In modern conditions of constant changes in the content of education, the graduate model, the teacher must be ready for constant professional growth, freely orient in his profession and related fields of activity. The article is devoted to an important problem, the study of personal and professional self-development of a future teacher. The purpose of the study is to theoretically study aspects of self-development in the context of the professional growth of future teachers. The sample of respondents was 104 people. Data was collected using a questionnaire adapted from renowned researchers. The article considers the factors of professional and personal self-development of teachers and reveals the possibilities of psychological support for the formation of a pedagogical position. Support is interpreted as assistance and support of a future teacher in the process of his professional and personal development.
Keywords: Competencies; professional development; personal self-development; self-development; stimulation.
Opinions of postgraduate students in Northern Cyprus towards distant education during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Üstün Aksoy Yeşim 
Published: April 2022

In this research, the "case study" model was used to determine the views of university students in Northern Cyprus on distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic process. The population of this research consists of students studying in the districts of Nicosia, Famagusta, Girne and Lefke in Northern Cyprus. The study group was used as an easily accessible case sample and 20 students were studied in the study group. As a data collection tool in this study, a semi-structured interview form consisting of 6 open-ended questions was used, developed by the researchers regarding the views of higher education students in Northern Cyprus on distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic process. In the study, "content analysis" was used in the evaluation of the data. The collected data were organized within the framework of themes and concepts and presented in the findings. According to the results of the research, it has been determined that the online teaching of the courses during the pandemic process has various advantages and disadvantages that the students have some difficulties while using the online education system and some suggestions have been developed to make the system more useful by eliminating the disadvantages and difficulties.

Keywords: Online education, blended education, synchronous education, asynchronous education
Interactive multimedia based on cultural diversity to improve the understanding of civic concepts and learning motivation
Authors: Sartono E. Kus Eddy , Sekarwangi Tunjung , Herwin Herwin 
Published: April 2022

This study aims to produce appropriate interactive multimedia for elementary school students and determine the effectiveness of interactive multimedia to improve understanding of civic concepts and learning motivation of elementary school students. This study applies the research and development steps of the Borg and Gall model. The subjects in this study were fourth-grade elementary school students. Data collection in the initial study was carried out through interviews, observations and questionnaires. Product validation was carried out by material experts and media experts, as well as teacher and student responses. Data analysis used independent samples t-test and paired samples t-test with prerequisite tests, namely normality and homogeneity tests, and continued with the MANOVA test with multivariate normality test prerequisites and covariance variance homogeneity test, with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that interactive multimedia was feasible to use, based on the results of validation by material and media experts as well as the results of teacher and student response questionnaires. Interactive multimedia is effective in increasing the understanding of civic concepts and learning motivation of elementary school students.

Keywords: Interactive multimedia, motivation, understanding civic concepts.