bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The electroretinography and optical coherence tomography data matching in patients with advanced stages of glaucoma
Authors: Kotelin Vladislav , Petrov Sergey , Zueva Marina , Zhuravleva Anastasiya , Tsapenko Irina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo determine the specific changes in the parameters of electroretinography (ERG), reflecting various aspects of retinal ganglion cell (GC) function, and optical coherence tomography (OCT), and their correlations in patients with advanced stages of primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG).MethodsThe study included 35 people (55 eyes) with stages II and III POAG, divided into two subgroups, and 28 healthy age‐matched individuals (32 eyes). Transient and stationary pattern‐electroretinograms (PERG) and photopic negative response (PhNR) were recorded according to the ISCEV Standards (RETIport/scan, Roland Consult). The thickness of the GC complex (GCC) of the macular region was assessed (Heidelberg Spectralis OCT). The correlation analysis of the GCC indicators and the ERG data was performed. Validation for normal data distribution was performed using the Shapiro‐Wilk test. The Student's t‐test was used to compare normally distributed independent samples. Correlation analysis was performed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.ResultsWe found a reduction in the amplitude of N95 and P50 waves of transient PERG, the stationary PERG, PhNR, and PhNR/b index, and an increase in the peak latency of the N95 and P50 in both patient groups (p < 0.05). A statistically significant thinning of all layers of the GCC was noted in all the studied sectors (p < 0.01). The most essential morphological/functional correlations we determined between the amplitude of stationary PERG and the thickness of the GCC (r > 0.8; p < 0.01). The results showed moderate correlation relationships between parameters of the transient PERG and GCC (r > 0.4; p < 0.01) and between the PhNR amplitude and GCC thickness (r > 0.5; p < 0.01).ConclusionsWe documented specific changes in the morphological and functional parameters of the inner retina in patients with advanced stages of POAG. The detected regularities can be used as clinical markers of the disease and monitor the efficiency of a chosen therapeutic strategy.
Treatment outcomes of Mitomycin‐C (MMC) augmented bleb needling in failing trabeculectomy blebs in NHS Tayside
Authors: Lim Qi Xun , Vellisaris Stavros , Garnavou‐Xirou Christina , Cobb Caroline 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTrabeculectomy is the gold standard surgical option in managing glaucoma when intraocular pressure (IOP) is uncontrolled with topical anti‐hypertensive. Bleb failure is not uncommon in trabeculectomy. Bleb needling is a relatively straightforward procedure that can be conducted to re‐establish flow from the trabeculectomy.1,2 We aim to investigate treatment outcomes of MMC augmented needling of failing trabeculectomy blebs in NHS Tayside.MethodsRetrospective cohort study was performed by reviewing clinical notes of all MMC‐augmented bleb needling procedure after trabeculectomy performed in NHS Tayside from May 2012 to June 2016, patients were identified from surgical records. Data were analysed using IBM® SPSS software and R software (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria).Results111 patients were identified, 34 excluded as they were lost to follo‐ ups or did not have clinical notes.86 eyes (77 patients) were included in this study. Median number of months between index filtration surgery and the first needling was 23 months. Mean IOP was reduced by 32.6% by the end of Year 1 (23.94 vs 16.14) and 40.4% by the end of Year 3 (23.94 vs 14.28).This was statistically significant at the 0.05 level.28 eyes (32.6%) required further surgical procedures to control IOP (repeat trabeculectomy, glaucoma drainage device, cyclodiode). 9 eyes (10.5%) had complications related to needling with 3 hyphema, 2 post‐operative needling spike,and 1 each had bleb leak, aqueous misdirection, choroidal effusion and hypotony respectively.ConclusionsBleb needling is a safe procedure that can be carried out re‐establish flow in failing trabeculectomy to achieve satisfactory control.Bibliography1. Lin S, Byles D, Smith M. Long‐term outcome of mitomycin C‐augmented needle revision of trabeculectomy blebs for late trabeculectomy failure. Eye. 2018;32(12):1893‐1899.2. Panarelli J, Vinod K, Huang G, Sidoti P. Transconjunctival Revision With Mitomycin‐C Following Failed Trabeculectomy. Journal of Glaucoma. 2016;25(7):618‐622.
Neuroprotection in a glaucoma model by Saffron extract oral supplementation
Authors: Fernández‐Albarral José A. , López‐Cuenca Inés , Salobrar‐Garcia Elena , Elvira‐Hurtado Lorena , Lozano María Pilar Rojas , Ramírez Ana I. , Ramirez Jose Manuel , De Hoz Rosa , Corral Juan José Salazar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo study whether saffron extract supplementation can decrease microglial activation signs and reduce retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) loss in a glaucoma model.MethodsAlbino Swiss mice groups; naïve (NG n = 6), saffron naïve (SNG n = 8), laser 3 days (LG3d n = 8), laser 7 days (LG7d n = 6), saffron laser 3 days (SLG3d n = 8) and saffron laser 7 days (SLG7d n = 6). In laser groups, unilateral ocular hypertension (OHT) was induced by OI laser photocoagulation. OHT and contralateral eyes were analysed. Retinal whole‐mounts were processed: (1) Anti Iba‐1 to quantify: Iba‐1 + cells number (Ibacn) in outer segments (OS), outer plexiform layer (OPL) and inner plexiform layer (IPL); Area of retina occupied by Iba‐1 + cells (Iba‐1 RA) in the nerve fiber layer‐ganglion cell layer (NFL‐GCL); Cell body area of Iba‐1+ cells (CbIbac) in OPL, IPL and NFL‐GCL; and Arbor area of Iba‐1+ cells (AAIbac) in OPL and IPL. (2) Anti‐P2RY12 for resident microglia. 3) Anti‐Brn3a to quantify Brn3a+ RGCs number.ResultsNo differences were found between naïve groups. LG3d OHT eyes showed significant: increase of Ibacn, Iba‐1 RA and CbIbac and decrease of AAIbac compared to NG. In SLG3d, OHT and contralateral eyes showed a significant reduction of microglial activation signs compared to LG3d. In NG all Iba‐1 + cells were P2RY12+. Compared to NG, in LG3d OHT eyes, the P2RY12 expression was down‐regulated. In SLG3d OHT eyes, saffron extract led to a smaller decrease. In contralateral eyes of LG3d and SLG3d, P2RY12 expression was similar to NG. In LG7d OHT eyes, a significant reduction in the number of Brn3a+ RGCs compared to NG was observed. Saffron extract counteracted this reduction and a significant different were found in SLG7d OHT eyes respect to LG7d OHT eyes. No differences were found between LG7d and SLG7d contralateral eyes.ConclusionsSaffron extract decreases the morphological signs of microglial activation, down‐regulation of P2RY12 and counteract the RCGs loss. Thus, they reduce neuroinflammation associated with IOP increase and protect RGCs.
Determination of the tonographic effect in the human eye using a pneumatic pressure modulator
Authors: Link Dietmar , Krauss Benedikt , Stodtmeister Richard , Nagel Edgar , Vilser Walthard , Klee Sascha 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeThe tonographic effect has been observed in several studies in occulopression, repeated tonometry or ophthalmodynamometry. It describes an intraocular pressure (IOP) decrease caused by an artifical IOP increase. In healthy eyes, an IOP drop of 2–3 mmHg/min was reported. However, there are studies that show a reduced decrease of the IOP drop for instance in glaucoma patients. In this work, we present a proof of principle to determine the tonographic effect in healthy eyes by utilizing a novel pneumatic pressure modulator.MethodsThe study was conducted on 8 healthy subjects (4 m, 4 f, 1 eye each, mean age 27.4 ± 7.1 yr). All subjects passed an ophthalmic examination procedure, including visual acuity determination, tonometry, objective refraction, slit lamp examination. Exclusion criteria were myopia < ‐8 dpt, anamnestic surgeries, corneal scars, eye diseases, ocular hypertension, and ongoing ocular local therapy. No anaesthetics were used. A pressure modulator (IOPstim, Imedos Systems GmbH, Jena, Germany) was used to increase the IOP to initially pathologic IOP values of about 35 mmHg (36.6 ± 2.5 mmHg). The applied pressure was kept constant for 2 minutes. The IOP was measured 4 times (at 0s, 40s, 80s, and 120s) using a rebound tonometer (Icare PRO, Icare Finland Oy, Helsinki, Finland). Linear regression was performed to calculate the average IOP decrease within the 2‐minutes interval.ResultsFor all 8 subjects, a typical decrease of the IOP was observed during a 2 min constant pressure stimulation. The mean decrease of the pressure profiles was 2.77 mmHg/min (R2 = 0.94).ConclusionsWe successfully applied a pneumatic pressure modulator to determine the tonographic effect in the human eye. For 2 min we measured the mean decrease of the IOP drop with similar values known by the literature. Application of the pneumatic pressure modulator allows the investigation of pathological reduced IOP drops that differ from normal values as shown in this study.
The relationship between 24‐hour mean, peak, trough and clinic intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients
Authors: Ong Zun Zheng , Sharma Rohit 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeFor years, ophthalmologists have been relying on clinic intraocular pressure (IOP) to manage glaucoma patients. There are studies which have shown that IOP can vary substantially throughout the day. This prospective observational study is to evaluate the relationship between the 24‐hr mean IOP, peak IOP, trough IOP and clinic IOP and the timing of peak and trough IOP in glaucoma patients.Methods23 patients diagnosed with glaucoma were recruited and all of them were fitted with a contact lens sensor for 24 hours. The 24‐hr mean IOP of each patient was recorded. The peak, trough and clinic IOP of each patient were recorded as well. The Pearson correlation coefficient between 24‐hr mean IOP and peak IOP, trough IOP and clinic IOP were calculated and analysed. The circadian IOP pattern of glaucoma patients was constructed and analysed to determine the peak and trough.ResultsThe Pearson correlation coefficient of 24‐hr mean IOP and peak IOP among our subjects are r(23) = 0.8419 (p < 0.00001). The correlation coefficient between 24‐hr mean IOP and trough IOP is r(23) = 0.8258 (p < 0.00001). However, the correlation coefficient between 24‐hr mean IOP and clinic IOP is r(23) = 0.3608 (p = 0.091). The overall circadian IOP pattern showed peak IOP at 0730 and 1730 and showed trough IOP at 2130.ConclusionsThe 24‐hr mean IOP showed significantly strong positive correlation with peak and trough IOP among glaucoma patients. However, the 24‐hour mean IOP only showed weak positive correlation with the clinic IOP. We can possibly predict the 24‐hour mean IOP in patients based on single peak or single trough IOP reading but measuring a single IOP in clinic might not tell us the 24‐hour mean IOP of glaucoma patients. The best time to pick up peak or trough IOP to correlate with the 24‐hour mean IOP is at 0730/1730 and 2130 respectively.
Study of office hour and non‐office hour intraocular pressure
Authors: Ong Zun Zheng , Sharma Rohit 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeOne‐off measurements of IOP in clinic by using standard method such as Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) are used by clinicians to monitor the progression of glaucoma. It is long known that IOP have fluctuations throughout the 24‐hour period and some studies have shown that IOP values are higher during late evening which is during non‐office hours. We performed a prospective observational study to evaluate the differences of IOP measurement between office hours and non‐office hours and the circadian IOP changes.Methods23 patients with glaucoma were invited and their eyes were examined. They were fitted with a contact lens sensor (CLS) and their IOP data were collected for 24 hours. They were allowed to carry on with their normal activities. The differences of the IOP readings during office and non‐office hours of each patient were compared. The peak and trough IOP were also identified.Results14 patients (60.9%) had their office hour IOP significantly higher than non‐office hour IOP. The overall mean difference between office and non‐office hour is ‐31.6 mVeq (95% CI: ‐88.3 to 25.1 mVeq, p = 0.27). There are 12 (52.2%) patients who demonstrated peak IOP value in non‐office hour vs 11 (47.8%) patients in office hours. In contrary, 20 (87.0%) patients have their trough level during non‐office hours (late evening).ConclusionsThere is no significant difference between the mean IOP readings during office and non‐office hours but it varies among individuals. Conventional measurement of IOP in clinic is likely to miss peak IOP values in half of the patients and miss trough IOP values in most patients. We need to monitor 24‐hr circadian IOP patterns with contact lens sensor to provide individualised treatment for glaucoma.
Comparison of Goldmann applanation tonometry and Icare tonometry
Authors: Yu Zhaohua , Edenteg Johan , Raeme Faisal , Söderberg Per 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo compare the variation of intraocular pressure (IOP) measured with Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) and Icare tonometry, and further determine if the two methods were calibrated to each other.MethodsTotally 20 subjects within normal IOP range were evenly divided into two method groups. In one group the IOPs were measured only with GAT and in another group only with Icare. With each method, the IOPs were measured at two occasions and at each occasion 3 measurements were performed.ResultsThe estimated variance of IOP among occasions with GAT was 7 times lower than that with Icare. The estimated variance among measurements with GAT was 3 times lower than with Icare. The 95% confidence intervals for mean IOPs were 11.9 ± 1.0 mmHg for GAT and 14.2 ± 1.4 mmHg for Icare.ConclusionsThe lower variations among both measurements and occasions with GAT than with Icare, indicate the reliability is different between the methods. The two methods are not calibrated to each other.
Treatment of open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension with preservative‐free tafluprost/timolol fixed dose combination in a real‐world clinical practice setting: a cross‐country subanalysis
Authors: Oddone Francesco , Fassari Claudia , Iester Michele , Lopez‐Lopez Fernando , Holló Gabor 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeThe VISIONARY study assessed, in a real‐world clinical practice setting, the efficacy of preservative‐free tafluprost/timolol fixed‐dose combination (PF tafluprost/timolol FC) in adults with open‐angle glaucoma (OAG) or ocular hypertension (OHT) who did not achieve an adequate response to initial prostaglandin (PGA) or beta‐blocker (BB) monotherapy. This analysis examined the results reported by 7 countries (Italy, Hungary, Spain, Russia, UK, Latvia and Norway) enrolling >10 patients.MethodsBaseline measurements of IOP were recorded in adults (≥18 years) receiving topical PGA or BB monotherapy for OAG/OHT and treatment was switched to PF tafluprost/timolol FC. IOP was measured at Weeks 4, 12 and 24 during routine ophthalmology visits. The primary endpoint was mean absolute change in IOP from baseline at Month 6, post‐treatment switch. Secondary endpoints included adverse event (AE) reporting and tolerability.ResultsChange in the mean IOP from baseline at Month 6 was 5.7 mmHg (24.9% reduction) for the overall population. Percentage reduction in IOP for the individual countries ranged from 22.3–31.8%. A statistically significant reduction in IOP from baseline was observed at all time points among patients from all countries. The highest percentage reduction in IOP was seen in Latvia at Month 6 (31.8%). Patient‐assessed tolerability was very good/good in 94% of patients. Most reported AEs were mild/moderate in severity and had resolved by the end of the study period.ConclusionsIn a real‐world clinical practice setting, PF tafluprost/timolol FC provided effective and well‐tolerated treatment for OAG/OHT patients insufficiently controlled on BB or PGA monotherapy. Results were consistent across all countries included in the study.BibliographyOddone F, et al. Treatment of Open‐Angle Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension with Preservative‐Free Tafluprost/Timolol Fixed‐Dose Combination Therapy: The VISIONARY Study. Adv Ther.2020;37(4):1436‐51
Evaluating variance in the medical and surgical management of neovascular glaucoma
Authors: Lee Elsa , Ansari Abdus Samad , Nagi Gurnoor , Ramji Saajan , Jackson Timothy , Kailani Obeda 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeThere remains a significant paucity in data on the epidemiology and management of neovascular glaucoma (NVG). We aimed to describe NVG incidence rates and establish variance in the medical and surgical management of NVG over a 6‐year period, in the context of pathway modifications implemented in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsPatients diagnosed with and treated for NVG at our centre between January 2015 and April 2021 were identified. Data on patient demographics, co‐morbidities, aetiology and intervention were extracted. Crude incidence rates were calculated. Variation in the form of intervention and severity of disease practice was studied. Multivariate regression modelling was used to look for associations with disease potentially influencing practice.ResultsFive‐hundred seventy seven patients (M:F 327:250) were included with mean age (SD) 70.26 (12.62), baseline cup‐to‐disc ratio (CDR) 0.75 (0.23), and intraocular pressure (IOP) 28.08 mmHg (14.01). Majority of patients were diabetic (63.9% n = 368). Retinal vein occlusion was identified in 35.0% (n = 203). NVG incidence in the 5 years pre‐COVID were 2.5/100 000 (2015), 4.9/100 000 (2016), 7.8/100 000 (2017), 11.5/100 000 (2018) and 15.8/100 000 (2019) (p < 0.0001), and during COVID 11.8/100 000 (2020). Between 2018–2019 and 2020–21, there appeared to be an increasing trend towards implementing anti‐VEGF therapy and alternate forms of glaucoma surgery. Diabetes was associated with higher rates of surgical intervention (OR = 3.69, 95% CI 1.40–9.67, p = 0.008). Conversely, patients aged 50–74 were less likely to undergo surgery (OR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.21–0.99, p = 0.048).ConclusionIncidence rates of NVG appear to have increased, with a larger proportion of patients requiring surgical intervention. Discrepancies in these rates suggest a cohort of patients lost during the pandemic; these delayed presentations are likely due to patient reluctance and pandemic workforce redeployment.
Glaucoma clinical research: Trends in treatment strategies and drug discovery
Authors: Freiberg Josefine Clement , Storgaard Line , Tran Thuy Linh , Hauser Alexander S. , Kolko Miriam 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo investigate trends and progresses in glaucoma research.MethodsAll clinical trials with glaucoma covered by Clinicaltrials.gov and Australianclinicaltrials.gov initiated before 1 January 2021 were included. Trials evaluating glaucoma treatment were separated from non‐treatment trials and divided into three major categories: laser‐, surgical‐ and medical treatment. New medical treatment compounds and targets were identified and subcategorized according to treatment strategy; intraocular pressure (IOP)‐lowering, neuroprotective or vascular. The phase transition success rates were calculated.Results1537 trials were identified. 63% (n = 971) evaluated glaucoma treatment, of which medical treatment accounted for the largest proportion (53%). Most of the medical trials evaluated IOP‐lowering compounds, while trials evaluating neuroprotective or vascular compounds accounted for only 5% and 3%, respectively. 88 unique new compounds were identified. Phase I, II and III transition success rates were 63%, 26% and 47%, respectively.ConclusionsClinical trials in glaucoma have increased significantly over the last 30 years. All three main treatment strategies were represented among the recently evaluated compounds, but clinical trials in neuroprotection and vascular modalities are still sparse. In addition to traditional medicines, dietary supplements and growth factors are also evaluated for a potential anti‐glaucomatous effect. Phase II and III success rates were below previously reported success rate for all diseases and ophthalmology in general. A stricter phenotyping of patients can improve the success rates in glaucoma and ophthalmology research and gain a better understanding of treatment responders and non‐responders.
Light‐field fundus imaging under astigmatism – An eye model study
Authors: Schramm Stefan , Dietzel Alexander , Blum Maren‐Christina , Link Dietmar , Klee Sascha 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeOne strong risk factor for glaucoma is a suspicious optic nerve head appearance and an increase in depth. With the upcoming light‐field (LF) technology one‐shot 3D retinal imaging and measuring is possible. Due to optical aberrations such as astigmatism, the imaged depth can be distorted. The study presented here investigated the influence of astigmatism on LF image quality and depth estimation using an eye model.MethodsWe developed a new eye model that added astigmatism by integrating an additional cylindrical lens between the cornea and lens. We used cylindrical lenses from −4 to 0 dpt in 1 dpt steps in vertical and horizontal orientations. The fundus was modelled as a half hollow sphere with a radius of 10 mm and a central papilla with 0.8 mm depth. The fundus was coated with red acrylic lacquer, and vessels were drawn with a thin brush with black acrylic lacquer. LF fundus images (15 for each cylindrical lens and orientation) were taken with a fundus camera (FF450, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Germany) equipped with an industrial LF camera (RX12, Raytrix GmbH, Germany). Depth measurements were performed with the Raytrix LF software (RxLive 5.0.046.0) as difference from a vertical vessel to a horizontal orientated vessel. The same measuring point was used for all images.ResultsThe LF images taken with a cylindrical lens show a visually poorer image quality. Depth estimates were only possible in the central image area. The fundus images show increasing depth differences between vertical and horizontal vessels with increasing astigmatism up to 0.37 mm at −4 dpt in contrast to the flat imaged fundus without cylindrical lens. The sign of the depth differences changes when the orientation of the inserted cylindrical lens is changed.ConclusionsThe imaged LF of a fundus of an astigmatic eye model is measurably distorted and affects vertical and horizontal structures differently. This must be taken into account when evaluating and interpreting LF depth measurements.