bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of depression, syndemic factors and their impact on viral suppression among female sex workers living with HIV in eThekwini, South Africa
Authors: Bhardwaj Anvita , Comins Carly A. , Guddera Vijay , Mcingana Mfezi , Young Katherine , Phetlhu Rene , Mulumba Ntambue , Mishra Sharmistha , Hausler Harry , Baral Stefan , Schwartz Sheree 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Over half of female sex workers (FSW) in South Africa are living with HIV and clinical depression has been frequently documented among FSW. Data characterizing structural determinants of depression and the role of syndemic theory, an aggregation of multiple risk factors, on viral suppression among FSW in South Africa are limited. Methods: Between July 2018-March 2020, non-pregnant, cisgender women (≥ 18 years), reporting sex work as their primary income source, and diagnosed with HIV for ≥ 6 months were enrolled into the Siyaphambili trial in eThekwini, South Africa. Using baseline data, robust Poisson regression models were used to assess correlates of depression and associations between depression and syndemic factors on viral suppression. Results: Of 1,384 participants, 459 (33%) screened positive for depression, defined as a score of ≥ 10 on the PHQ-9. Physical and sexual violence, drug use, alcohol use, anticipated stigma and internalized stigma were univariately associated with depression and included the multivariate model. In the multivariate regression, prevalence of depression was higher among participants experiencing sexual violence (PR = 1.47 95% CI:1.24,1.73), physical violence 5 times or more in < 6 months (PR = 1.38 95% CI:1.07, 1.80), using illicit drugs in the last month (PR = 1.23 95%:CI 1.04, 1.48), and reporting higher levels of internalized stigma (PR = 1.11, 95% CI:1.04,1.18). Depression in the absence of the Substance Abuse, Violence and AIDS SAVA syndemic factors was associated with increased prevalence of non-viral suppression (aPR 1.24; 95% CI:1.08,1.43), and the SAVA substance use and violence syndemic was associated with an increase in non-viral suppression among non-depressed FSW (aPR 1.13; 95% CI:1.01, 1.26). Compared to those experiencing neither factors, those jointly experiencing depression and the SAVA syndemics were at increased risk for non-viral suppression (aPR 1.15; 95% CI:1.02,1.28). Conclusion: Substance use, violence, and stigma were all associated with depression. Depression and syndemic factors (substance use + violence) were related to non-viral suppression; we did not observe higher non-suppression amongst those experiencing both depression and syndemic factors. Training for non-mental health providers in screening for depression and its risk factors among FSW, along with proactive referral to support may help to address unmet mental health needs and HIV treatment outcomes. Trial registration: Clinical Trial Number: NCT03500172
The synergistic effect of sepiolite-LDH hybrid nanofiber and phytic-based nanosheet towards improving the fire retardancy, heat resistance, and mechanical properties of epoxy resin
Authors: Zhang Su-Hua , Wu Zhen-Zhong , Han Shi-Hu , Wang Yi-Qing , Qian Li-Jun , Hu Xiao-Ping 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Usually, it is difficult to achieve satisfactory fire retardancy of epoxy resin at low addition by adding inorganic nano-fillers alone. Herein, sepiolite nanofibers loaded with layered double metal hydroxide (a-SEP@LDH) and P/N-containing flame retardant nanosheet (PAMA) were prepared via hydrothermal method, respectively. The UL-94 V-0 rating and an LOI value of 31.6% were achieved for EP by loading 1wt% a-SEP@LDH and 2wt% PAMA. Compared to adding sole a-SEP@LDH, the thermal stability of EP/a-SEP@LDH/PAMA was improved significantly, the total heat release (THR) and peak heat release rate (pHRR) decreased by 10.2% and 28.8%, respectively. Additionally, the total CO2 production decreased by 12.5% and the char residue yield increased to 19.9wt%. Moreover, the tensile strength and impact strength of the EP composites were remarkably improved owing to the incorporation of PAMA. To sum up, this work provides an environmentally benign, low-cost and efficient way for EP to achieve outstanding fire retardance, excellent thermal stability and high mechanical properties at a low addition.
Forkhead box P3 gene polymorphisms predispose to type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy in the Han Chinese populations: a genetic-associated and gender-based evaluation study
Authors: Wang Xiaorong , Liu Xinyue , Liu Zejing , Zhang Shangdi , Yang Yinfeng , Wu Xue 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Functional mutations or polymorphisms affecting FOXP3 could lead to abnormal FOXP3 gene expression and/or defective Treg cells generation, thus resulting in autoimmune disease and inflammation disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications, chronic and low-grade inflammatory disorders associated with long-term immune system imbalance. This study aimed to investigate the association of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and type 2 diabetes nephropathy (T2DN) susceptibility with FOXP3 polymorphisms in the Han Chinese populations.
Methods
Polymorphisms of rs3761548C/A and rs2294021C/T were examined in 400 patients (including an equal number of T2DM and T2DN groups) and 200 healthy controls using PCR-HRM and sequence analysis.
Conclusions
Significant differences between the two SNPs in terms of genotype, allelic frequencies of T2DM, and progression of diabetes developing to T2DN. The further gender-based evaluation showed that, as for female subjects, rs3761548C/A was associated with around 3-fold higher hazards for T2DM and 4.5-fold for T2DN, respectively, while no noticeable association with rs2294021C/T; as for males, the promoter polymorphism showed an increased risk of 5.4-fold and 3.4-fold predisposition to T2DM and T2DN, respectively, and another polymorphism could impart a nearly 2-fold risk of developing T2DN. Additional analysis of combined genotypes revealed that CC-CC and CC-CT could be considered protective combinations in the predisposition towards T2DN among males with diabetes, while AA-CC and AA-TT did the opposite effect.
Results
This study provides the first evidence for the genetic association of rs3761548C/A and rs2294021C/T polymorphisms with the susceptibility to diabetes and diabetic nephropathy in the Han Chinese population, as well as assessing gender differences.
Investigation on the Behavior Factor of Leaning Masonry Wall Structures
Authors: Choi Youngjun , Park Dawon , Kim Sun Woo , Hong Jung-Wuk 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In force-based seismic design, the behavior factor \(q\) (or response modification factor \(R\) ) is devised to prevent overdesign by reducing the design force. Different values of the behavior factor $q$ are available for various structure types. However, masonry fence walls are not categorized in the current seismic design codes. These walls are of poor quality due to the absence of proper quality assurance and maintenance, and most of those structures are inclined. In this study, the behavior factor $q$ of leaning masonry fence walls is experimentally estimated. We fabricate three masonry wall structures that are inclined with three different wall angles of 1.5 \(\degree\) , 3.0$\degree$, and 6.0$\degree$, respectively. Monotonically increasing biaxial lateral loads are applied to the walls using a shaking table. The value $q$ of each leaning wall is calculated by analyzing the dynamic load-displacement relationship. A relationship between the factor $q$ and wall angle is discussed, and a new empirical formula representing $q$ as a function of a wall angle is proposed. The proposed empirical formula would be useful in seismic design for severely leaning masonry walls.
Numerical study on the nonlinear characteristics of shock induced two-dimensional panel flutter in inviscid flow
Authors: Zhou Hao , Wang Gang , Li QuanZheng , Liu Yi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
For an aeroelastic system of a two-dimensional elastic panel subjected to an impinging inviscid oblique shockwave, the nonlinear flutter characteristics are affected by many factors such as shock impingement location, cavity pressure and initial perturbation. The effects of the above factors on the variation of system bifurcation type and dynamic behaviors are investigated numerically. A low-fidelity computational method coupled with local piston theory and van Karman plate model, and a high-fidelity computational method coupled with Euler equations and finite element model are used for fluid-structure interaction simulations. Two sets of new findings are unveiled. First, either the variation of shock impingement location or cavity pressure can induce the aeroelastic system to transition between a subcritical bifurcation and a supercritical bifurcation. For some cases, the system bifurcation characteristics exhibit strong sensitivity to these two factors. Second, it is found that in addition to the limit cycle oscillation (LCO) in the form of a combination of the second and third structural modes, multiple stable LCOs due to the coupling of higher-order modes can be triggered by proper initial perturbations. These LCOs are attributed with high frequencies and some of them even have high amplitudes, which indicates the higher risk of structural fatigue failure.
Predicting use of Intensive Care Units during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Perez Kathyana , Slater José M. , Pradenas Lorena , Parada Victor , Scherer Robert F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
With the prevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, sudden planning needs emerged in intensive care units of health care centers in many countries, particularly in Chile. In such units, the most severe COVID-19 patient requires specific treatment. This fact stressed decision-making at the operational level. It then became necessary to understand the dynamics of patient arrival to predict the number of additional units required for the future. We propose ten approaches to represent the dynamics and predict the number of additional ICU beds required in the future. Machine learning models and classical time series analysis algorithms allow upper and lower bounds to be set for the number of units needed. Evaluating the predictions with 2020 and 2021 data in three representative geographic regions produces lower errors in the largest of the regions. The low errors produced by the classic Holt-Winters model suggest that the data series have seasonality and trend characteristics. Although the models were only evaluated in three regions, extension to other similar situations requires the training of models with the region's data.
Ten-month follow-up of patients with Covid-19 temporally related Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: an early window of opportunity is a good treatment strategy? The experience of the Children Hospital of Palermo
Authors: Maggio Maria Cristina , Giordano Salvatore , Failla Maria Concetta , Campione Martina Gioacchina , Alaimo Annalisa , Corsello Giovanni 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: In Sicily, the first wave of COVID-19 showed a low epidemic impact in paediatric population, while the second and the third waves had a higher impact on clinical presentation of COVID-19 in children and a significantly higher severe outcome in patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), with a frequent life-threatening progression.
Methods: We describe a cohort of 22 Sicilian children (11 M; 11 F; age: 1.4-14 years), presenting with clinical features compatible with MIS-C. Patients with negative swab had a history of recent personal or parental infection.
Results: The following diagnostic criteria were detected: fever (100%); cheilitis and/or pharyngeal hyperaemia (86%); latero-cervical lymphadenitis (82%); rash (73%); abdominal pain and/or vomiting and/or diarrhoea (64%); conjunctivitis (64%); hands and feet oedema (18%). 59% showed cardiac involvement (6 pericardial effusion; 8 mitral valve insufficiency; 4 insufficiency of two valves; 3 coronary artery lesions CAL)). In all the patients, treatment was started within 72 hours after the admission, with IVIG (2 g/Kg/dose), methylprednisolone (2mg/Kg/day in 73% of patients; 30 mg/Kg/day for 3 days, followed by 2 mg/Kg/day in 27% of patients). 2 patients were treated with enoxaparin. TSS was described in 2 patients, who received additionally vasoactive drugs, albumin, diuretics. Cardiac involvement evolved into the complete resolution of lesions in most of the patients. All the patients were included in a follow-up, to investigate on clinical outcome and resolution of organ involvement. Cardiac valve insufficiency persisted only in 18% of children, CAL persisted only in 33% of children with coronary involvement, however without the evolution into aneurisms.
Conclusions: The preferred treatment strategy was more aggressive at the diagnosis of MIS-C, to block the cytokine cascade. Most of our patients, in fact, received a first-line treatment with IVIG and steroids. This approach could explain the favourable prognosis, the rapid restoring of cardiac function also in patients with MAS or shock, and the good outcome during the 10 months follow-up in all the patients.
Assessment of 24-hour moving average PM2.5 concentrations in Bangkok, Thailand against WHO guidelines
Authors: Sooktawee Sirapong , Kanchanasuta Suwimon , Bunplod Natthaya 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Currently, the particulate matter with diameter less than 2.5 micron (PM2.5) pollutant has gained more concerned as can be seen from the WHO revised the air quality guideline value. The 24-hour average concentration has been strengthened from 25 µg m-3 to 15 µg m-3. However, the continuous PM2.5 monitoring system provides data on an hourly basis, which can be averaged at a 24-hour value compare with the WHO air quality guidelines. The value given by the moving average technique can be stored at the leftmost, center or rightmost hour. Three moving average PM2.5 time series would differ from the hourly observed PM2.5 data. Similarity testing by cross-correlation and Euclidean distance was performed to present a suitable 24-hour moving average time series for hourly data. The 24-hour moving average time series recorded at center is more suitable than the leftmost and rightmost 24-hour moving average time series in terms of shape and distance. It has less time lag and distance to the hourly PM2.5 time series. Comparing the 24-hour moving average time series to the WHO interim targets and the guideline value reveals PM2.5 concentration level lower than the guideline value (15 µg m-3) about 40% during the nighttime, whereas the proportion during daytime is around 28%. Also, the NAAQS of Thailand for 24-hour PM2.5 was changed from 50 µg m-3 to 37.5 µg m-3 corresponding to the interim targets 3 and 2, respectively. From this study, concentrations higher than the NAAQs level will increase from 10 to about 22%. The increase in the number of exceedances based on the same data means the state of air quality is similar. Therefore, residents may misunderstand and know the air quality becomes more severe. The government should spend more effort to reduce emissions and ambient air concentrations than earlier endeavors.
Rapid viable seedbank fosters resilience via pyrosilviculture in serotinous bishop pine
Authors: Bisbing Sarah , Urza Alexandra K. , York Robert A. , Hankin Lacey E. , Putz Tessa R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background In ecosystems where fire has been excluded, pyrosilviculture can restore fire regimes while mitigating risk where fire is inevitable. Pyrosilviculture in crown fire-adapted forests is, however, limited by insight into the temporal window of fire return matching canopy seedbank development. Here, we characterized demographic responses to fire and non-native pine pitch canker infection in a chronosequence of serotinous bishop pine stands burned at high-severity to quantify: (1) temporal patterns of seedbank development given seed viability and density, cone production, and tree density, and (2) pine pitch canker incidence across tree ages and sizes to assess how infection might influence pyrosilviculture. Stands were burned to promote resilience while mitigating WUI wildfire, and we use to our findings to elucidate pyrosilvicuture as a means of meeting these objectives in crown-fire adapted forests. Results Bishop pine produces an abundant, viable seedbank within six years, with high production and viability persisting across developmental stages and age classes. Seed abundance and viability are exceptionally high at even the earliest age (median > 600,000 seeds ha− 1& 97% viability at 6 years) and remain high, with the oldest stands (36 years) maintaining median densities of > 500,000 seeds ha− 1and viability of 95%. We additionally learned that pine pitch canker infection is most severe during the sapling stage (8–10 years post-fire), potentially shifting the timing and development of fuel structure to earlier successional stages as well as limiting recruitment into the canopy. Conclusions In bishop pine and equally-fecund serotinous species, burning at short fire return intervals is feasible given early development of a robust, viable seedbank, addressing two common management challenges in fire-adapted forests - restoring fire to promote resilience while mitigating wildfire risk to the WUI. Moreover, frequent fire in pine pitch canker infected stands may also provide disease mitigation. Although the long-term effects of pine pitch canker infection remain unknown, bishop pines’ viable and persistent seedbank suggests that managers can ignite prescribed fire across a broad return interval – as short as six to eight years and as long as several decades – to promote ongoing bishop pine resilience, mitigate disease infection rates, and reduce wildfire risk in WUI-adjacent ecosystems.
Is being childless associated with a woman’s risk of overweight and obesity during young adulthood? Results from a national longitudinal study
Authors: Jin Chuyao , Tooth Leigh , Xu Xiaolin , Mishra Gita 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAim:To examine the association between motherhood status (mothers, voluntarily childless, involuntarily childless) and overweight and obesity over 22 years.Methods:A total of 4,092 women aged 18-23 years were followed from 1996 to 2018. Motherhood status was defined by women’s reports on their fertility, attempts to conceive, use of in vitro fertilisation and fertility hormones, and number of biological children. Associations between motherhood status and overweight and obesity were examined using generalized estimating equations models, adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, depressive symptoms, early life factors, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Results:At age 40-45 years, 12% of women were voluntarily childless and 5% were involuntarily childless. The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased with age and women who were voluntarily or involuntarily childless had higher prevalence of obesity than mothers in all surveys. After adjusting for covariates, compared with mothers, women who were voluntarily childless had higher odds of being overweight (odds ratio [OR], 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29, 1.09-1.52) and obese (OR, 95% CI: 1.67, 1.30-2.13). Involuntary childlessness was not associated with overweight, and its association with obesity was attenuated after adjusting for PCOS in the final model (OR, 95% CI: 1.39, 0.98-1.96).Conclusions:Around one in nine Australian women remained voluntarily childless by their late reproductive years. On average, they had higher odds of being overweight and obese than mothers, suggesting that overweight and obesity prevention programs should consider tailoring their advice by motherhood status.
Uncommon activation of SynDLP, the fusogenic Dynamin-like protein of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
Authors: Gewehr Lucas , Junglas Benedikt , Jilly Ruven , Franz Johannes , Zhu Wenyu , Weidner Tobias , Bonn Mischa , Sachse Carsten , Schneider Dirk 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Dynamin-like proteins are membrane remodeling GTPases with well-understood functions in eukaryotic cells. However, bacterial Dynamin-like proteins are still poorly investigated. SynDLP, the Dynamin-like protein of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, forms ordered oligomers in solution. The 3.7 Å resolution cryo-EM structure of SynDLP oligomers reveals the presence of oligomeric stalk interfaces typical for eukaryotic Dynamin-like proteins. The bundle signaling element domain shows distinct features, such as an intramolecular disulfide bridge that affects the GTPase activity, or an expanded intermolecular interface with the GTPase domain. Such atypical GTPase domain interfaces might be a GTPase activity regulating tool in oligomerized SynDLP. Furthermore, we show that SynDLP interacts with and intercalates into membranes containing negatively charged thylakoid membrane lipids. SynDLP is able to fuse membranes in a nucleotide-independent process in vitro. Thus, we assign SynDLP to the subclass of fusogenic Dynamin-like proteins.
Single-port robot-assisted perineal radical prostatectomy with the da Vinci XI system: initial experience and learning curve using the cumulative sum method
Authors: Yu Chenhao , Xu Li , Ye Liyin , Hu Haiyi , Ni Kangxin , Zhou Chenghao , Xue Dingwei , Cheng Sheng , Wang Hui , Pak Raymond Wei , Li Gonghui 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the early functional and oncological outcomes of single-port robot-assisted perineal radical prostatectomy (sp-pRARP) using the da Vinci XI system, and analyze its learning curve using the cumulative sum (CUSUM) method.
Methods
The clinical data of 50 patients who underwent sp-pRARP for localized prostate cancer between May 2020 and May 2022 in our center by a single surgeon were analyzed retrospectively. Demographic information, preoperative and postoperative variables, complications, early functional and oncological outcomes of patients were recorded. The CUSUM method was used to illustrate the learning curve based on operation time.
Results
All surgeries were completed without conversion. The median (interquartile range, IQR) operation time was 205.0 (82.5) min, whereas the median (IQR) docking time was 30.0 (15.0) min and the console time was 120.0 (80.5) min. The median (IQR) estimated blood loss (EBL) was 50.0 (137.5) mL. Positive surgical margins were detected in five patients (10.0%). The continence rate was 40.9%, 63.6%, 88.4%, 97.7% at the 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. According to the CUSUM plot, the inflection points of the learning curve were 20 cases, splitting the case series into "early phase" and "late phase." In "late phase" cases, there was less time spent on each step of the operation and less EBL.
Conclusions
Sp-pRARP using the da Vinci XI system was verified to be a feasible and reliable surgical approach. According to the CUSUM plot, 20 cases was considered the turning point for surgeons to master the novel technique.