bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Técnicas de machine learning aplicadas a la evaluación del rendimiento y a la predicción de la deserción de estudiantes universitarios, una revisión.
Authors: Cruz Edmanuel , González Marvin , Rangel Jose Carlos 
Published: March 2022

En los últimos años, técnicas de Inteligencia Artificial (IA) como el aprendizaje automático o Machine Learning (ML) y el Aprendizaje profundo o Deep Learning (DL), han impactado de forma positiva el avance de distintos campos del conocimiento entre ellos la educación. La educación es un importante motor de todas las sociedades, permite a los individuos ser más productivos y resolver problemas con mayor efectividad aplicando generalmente enfoques creativos. En la educación se ha utilizado las técnicas de ML antes mencionadas para distintas tareas entre ellas predicción de deserción y ayuda al rendimiento del estudiante. En este estudio analizaremos los trabajos más relevantes en estos campos, otorgando una perspectiva de cómo han influenciado los algoritmos de ML y DL en la educación.
Зміст моделювання оперативно-службової діяльності прикордонного загону в умовах виникнення ситуацій техногенного характеру під час особливого періоду
Authors: Polonchuk Vasil , Sinishin Mikhail , Torichnyi Vadym 
Published: March 2022

Мета роботи: полягає в аналізі змісту моделювання у секторі безпеки та оборони для українського суспільства.
Дизайн/Метод/Підхід дослідження: основними методами дослідження виступали: пошуково-бібліографічний (з метою систематизації та впорядкування інформаційної основи); системний та предметний аналіз (для уточнення змісту ключових понять з проблеми дослідження); аналіз стану проблеми у Державній прикордонній службі України; аналіз наукової та методичної літератури, словниково-довідникової літератури; аналіз змісту (суттєвих ознак) у визначенні понять “модель” (відображення певного факту, об’єкту та відносини певного середовища у вигляді дещо спрощеного, унаочненого матеріального представлення), “моделювання” (процедура створення певного аналітичного опису щодо вивчення окремих сторін, частин об’єкту у певних взаємозв’язках і відношеннях, що полегшує об’єднання одиничних та загальних елементів), “надзвичайна ситуація” (ситуація, що виступає викликом соціальним уявленням про певний (припустимий) стан справ, цінності, безпеку держави).
Результати дослідження: підтверджено що моделювання є передовий метод оптимізації оперативно-службової діяльності прикордонного загону у мирний та воєнний час, сутність понять моделювання та надзвичайна ситуація.
Теоретична цінність полягає у компіляції популярних наукових поглядів із проблеми дослідження.
Практична цінність визначено особливості моделювання оперативно-службової діяльності прикордонного загону в умовах виникнення ситуації техногенного характеру під час особливого періоду.
Майбутні дослідження: аналіз специфіки імітаційного моделювання у Державній прикордонній службі України.
Тип статті: теоретична.
The Amplitude of Diaphragm Compound Muscle Action Potential Correlates With Diaphragmatic Excursion on Ultrasound and Pulmonary Function After Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block
Authors: Bao Xiuxia , Liu Tao , Feng Haorong , Zhu Yeke , Wu Yingying , Wang Xianghe , Kang Xianhui 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveThis prospective, double-blind, randomized study assessed (1) the associations between diaphragm compound muscle action potential (CMAP), hemidiaphragmatic excursion, and pulmonary function after supraclavicular brachial plexus block (SCBPB) and (2) diagnostic efficacy of pulmonary function for hemidiaphragmatic paralysis evidenced by diaphragm CMAP as an assessment of diaphragm strength was evaluated.MethodsEighty-six patients were scheduled for the removal of hardware after healing of a right upper limb fracture distal to the shoulder who were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to two groups: Group A (diaphragmatic excursion), or Group B (pulmonary function). Phrenic nerve conduction studies (PNCSs), M-mode ultrasonography of the diaphragm, and pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were performed before and 30 min after SCBPB. PNCSs were used to determine the latency and amplitude of diaphragm CMAP. Ultrasonography of the diaphragm was performed with patients in a supine position using a low-frequency probe over the subcostal space at the midclavicular line. The diaphragmatic excursion was measured during quiet breathing and deep breathing. Pulmonary function, i.e., forced vital capacity (FVC), predicted value of FVC, and forced expiratory flow in the first second (FEV1), was measured with spirometry. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the diagnostic efficacy of pulmonary function for hemidiaphragmatic paralysis evidenced by diaphragm CMAP as an assessment of diaphragm strength.ResultsThere were significant associations between the reduction in amplitude of diaphragm CMAP and reductions in diaphragmatic excursion during quiet breathing (r = 0.70, p &lt; 0.01) and deep breathing (r = 0.63, p &lt; 0.01) when expressed as a percentage of baseline values. There were significant associations between the reduction in amplitude of diaphragm CMAP and reductions in FVC (r = 0.67, p &lt; 0.01), FVC% (r = 0.67, p &lt; 0.01), and FEV1 (r = 0.62, p &lt; 0.01), when expressed as percentage of baseline values. The area under the ROC curve for FVC was 0.86. A decrease of &gt;8.4% in FVC compared to pre-block predicted hemidiaphragmatic paralysis (determined by diaphragm CMAP) with sensitivity and specificity of 79.2 and 100%, respectively.ConclusionsThe relative reduction in diaphragm CMAP amplitude after SCBPB was correlated with relative reductions in diaphragmatic excursion and pulmonary function. FVC has potential as a useful diagnostic indicator of hemidiaphragmatic paralysis, evidenced by diaphragm CMAP, after SCBPB. These data establish diaphragm CMAP as a direct and objective index of diaphragmatic paralysis after SCBPB.
Immune Subtypes Characterization Identifies Clinical Prognosis, Tumor Microenvironment Infiltration, and Immune Response in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Lu Weihong , Zhang Fei , Zhong Xiaolin , Wei Jinhua , Xiao Hongyang , Tu Ruiqin 
Published: March 2022

Objective: Because of the modest immunotherapeutic response among ovarian carcinoma (OC) patients, it is significant to evaluate antitumor immune response and develop more effective precision immunotherapeutic regimens. Here, this study aimed to determine diverse immune subtypes of OC.Methods: This study curated the expression profiles of prognostic immunologically relevant genes and conducted consensus clustering analyses for determining immune subtypes among OC patients in TCGA cohort. With Boruta algorithm, characteristic genes were screened for conducting an immune scoring system through principal component analysis algorithm. The single-sample gene set enrichment analysis and ESTIAMTE methods were adopted for quantifying the immune infiltrates and responses to chemotherapeutic agents were estimated with pRRophetic algorithm. Two immunotherapeutic cohorts were used for investigating the efficacy of immune score in predicting therapeutic benefits.Results: Two immune subtypes were conducted among 377 OC patients. Immune subtype 2 was characterized by worse clinical prognosis, more frequent genetic variations and mutations, enhanced immune infiltrates, and increased expression of MHC molecules and programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1). In total, 30 prognosis-relevant characteristic immune subtype–derived genes were identified for constructing the immune score of OC patients. High immune score was linked with more dismal prognosis, decreased immune infiltrations, and expression of MHC molecules. High immune score presented favorable sensitivity to doxorubicin and vinorelbine and reduced sensitivity to cisplatin. In addition, immune score possessed the potential in predicting benefits from anti–PD-1/PD-L1 therapy.Conclusion: Collectively, our findings propose two complex and diverse immune subtypes of OC. Quantitative assessment of immune subtypes in individual patients strengthens the understanding of tumor microenvironment features and promotes more effective immunotherapeutic regimens.
Automated Pupillometry for Prediction of Electroencephalographic Reactivity in Critically Ill Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Peluso Lorenzo , Ferlini Lorenzo , Talamonti Marta , Ndieugnou Djangang Narcisse , Gouvea Bogossian Elisa , Menozzi Marco , Annoni Filippo , Macchini Elisabetta , Legros Benjamin , Severgnini Paolo , Creteur Jacques , Oddo Mauro , Vincent Jean-Louis , Gaspard Nicolas , Taccone Fabio Silvio 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundElectroencephalography (EEG) is widely used to monitor critically ill patients. However, EEG interpretation requires the presence of an experienced neurophysiologist and is time-consuming. Aim of this study was to evaluate whether parameters derived from an automated pupillometer (AP) might help to assess the degree of cerebral dysfunction in critically ill patients.MethodsProspective study conducted in the Department of Intensive Care of Erasme University Hospital in Brussels, Belgium. Pupillary assessments were performed using the AP in three subgroups of patients, concomitantly monitored with continuous EEG: “anoxic brain injury”, “Non-anoxic brain injury” and “other diseases”. An independent neurologist blinded to patient's history and AP results scored the degree of encephalopathy and reactivity on EEG using a standardized scale. The mean value of Neurologic Pupil Index (NPi), pupillary size, constriction rate, constriction and dilation velocity (CV and DV) and latency for both eyes, obtained using the NPi®-200 (Neuroptics, Laguna Hills, CA, USA), were reported.ResultsWe included 214 patients (mean age 60 years, 55% male). EEG tracings were categorized as: mild (n = 111, 52%), moderate (n = 65, 30%) or severe (n = 16, 8%) encephalopathy; burst-suppression (n = 19, 9%) or suppression background (n = 3, 1%); a total of 38 (18%) EEG were classified as “unreactive”. We found a significant difference in all pupillometry variables among different EEG categories. Moreover, an unreactive EEG was associated with lower NPi, pupil size, pupillary reactivity, CV and DV and a higher latency than reactive recordings. Low DV (Odds ratio 0.020 [95% confidence intervals 0.002–0.163]; p &lt; 0.01) was independently associated with an unreactive EEG, together with the use of analgesic/sedative drugs and high lactate concentrations. In particular, DV values had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.86 [0.79–0.92; p &lt; 0.01] to predict the presence of unreactive EEG. In subgroups analyses, AUC of DV to predict unreactive EEG was lower (0.72 [0.56–0.87]; p &lt; 0.01) in anoxic brain injury than Non-anoxic brain injury (0.92 [0.85–1.00]; p &lt; 0.01) and other diseases (0.96 [0.90–1.00]; p &lt; 0.01).ConclusionsThis study suggests that low DV measured by the AP might effectively identify an unreactive EEG background, in particular in critically ill patients without anoxic brain injury.
Diagnosis of Serosal Invasion in Gastric Adenocarcinoma by Dual-Energy CT Radiomics: Focusing on Localized Gastric Wall and Peritumoral Radiomics Features
Authors: Yang Li , Sun Junyi , Yu Xianbo , Li Yang , Li Min , Liu Jing , Wang Xiangming , Shi Gaofeng 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo build a radiomics model and combined model based on dual-energy CT (DECT) for diagnosing serosal invasion in gastric adenocarcinoma.Materials and methods231 gastric adenocarcinoma patients were enrolled and randomly divided into a training (n = 132), testing (n = 58), and independent validation (n = 41) cohort. Radiomics features were extracted from the rectangular ROI of the 120-kV equivalent mixed images and iodine map (IM) images in the venous phase of DECT, which was manually delineated perpendicularly to the gastric wall in the deepest location of tumor infiltration, including the peritumoral adipose tissue within 5 mm outside the serosa. The random forest algorithm was used for radiomics model construction. Traditional features were collected by two radiologists. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to construct the clinical model and combined model. The diagnostic efficacy of the models was evaluated using ROC curve analysis and compared using the Delong’s test. The calibration curves were used to evaluate the calibration performance of the combined model.ResultsBoth the radiomics model and combined model showed high efficacy in diagnosing serosal invasion in the training, testing and independent validation cohort, with AUC of 0.90, 0.90, and 0.85 for radiomics model; 0.93, 0.93, and 0.89 for combined model. The combined model outperformed the clinical model (AUC: 0.76, 0.76 and 0.81).ConclusionThe radiomics model and combined model constructed based on tumoral and peritumoral radiomics features derived from DECT showed high diagnostic efficacy for serosal invasion in gastric adenocarcinoma.
Intracranial Rosai Dorfman Disease Presented With Multiple Huge Intraventricular Masses: A Case Report
Authors: Jamali Elena , Sharifi Guive , Ghafouri-Fard Soudeh , Bidari Zerehpoosh Farahnaz , Yazdanpanahi Mahmood , Taheri Mohammad 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionRosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) usually presents with painless cervical lymphadenopathy during the two first decades of life, with or without extranodal involvement. Exclusive extranodal manifestation, and especially central nervous system (CNS) involvement, is uncommon. The etiology remains unknown and definitive diagnosis is based on characteristic histopathological and immunohistochemical features showing S100(+) CD1a(−) RDD type histiocytes with emperipolesis. Most CNS cases are dural-based masses.Case PresentationHerein, we present a case of RDD in an 8-year-old boy, who presented with multiple huge intraventricular masses.ConclusionRegarding rare CNS involvement and lack of established evidence-based therapeutic approaches, reports of any individual case can supply further beneficial data concerning treatment approaches and long-term effectiveness of therapeutic strategies.
Maintenance of Sertoli Cell Number and Function in Immature Human Testicular Tissues Exposed to Platinum-Based Chemotherapy—Implications for Fertility Restoration
Authors: Matilionyte Gabriele , Tharmalingam Melissa D. , Sanou Iris , Lopes Federica , Lane Sheila , Stukenborg Jan-Bernd , Spears Norah , Anderson Richard A. , Mitchell Rod T. 
Published: March 2022

Background: Retrospective studies in adult survivors of childhood cancer show long-term impacts of exposure to alkylating chemotherapy on future fertility. We recently demonstrated germ cell loss in immature human testicular tissues following exposure to platinum-based chemotherapeutic drugs. This study investigated the effects of platinum-based chemotherapy exposure on the somatic Sertoli cell population in human fetal and pre-pubertal testicular tissues.Methods: Human fetal (n = 23; 14–22 gestational weeks) testicular tissue pieces were exposed to cisplatin (0.5 or 1.0 μg/ml) or vehicle for 24 h in vitro and analysed 24–240 h post-exposure or 12 weeks after xenografting. Human pre-pubertal (n = 10; 1–12 years) testicular tissue pieces were exposed to cisplatin (0.5 μg/ml), carboplatin (5 μg/ml) or vehicle for 24 h in vitro and analysed 24–240 h post-exposure; exposure to carboplatin at 10-times the concentration of cisplatin reflects the relative clinical doses given to patients. Immunohistochemistry was performed for SOX9 and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) expression and quantification was carried out to assess effects on Sertoli cell number and function respectively. AMH and inhibin B was measured in culture medium collected post-exposure to assess effects on Sertoli cell function.Results: Sertoli cell (SOX9+ve) number was maintained in cisplatin-exposed human fetal testicular tissues (7,647 ± 459 vs. 7,767 ± 498 cells/mm2; p &gt; 0.05) at 240 h post-exposure. No effect on inhibin B (indicator of Sertoli cell function) production was observed at 96 h after cisplatin (0.5 and 1.0 μg/ml) exposure compared to control (21 ± 5 (0.5 μg/ml cisplatin) vs. 23 ± 7 (1.0 μg/ml cisplatin) vs. 25 ± 7 (control) ng/ml, p &gt; 0.05). Xenografting of cisplatin-exposed (0.5 μg/ml) human fetal testicular tissues had no long-term effect on Sertoli cell number or function (percentage seminiferous area stained for SOX9 and AMH, respectively), compared with non-exposed tissues. Sertoli cell number was maintained in human pre-pubertal testicular tissues following exposure to either 0.5 μg/ml cisplatin (6,723 ± 1,647 cells/mm2) or 5 μg/ml carboplatin (7,502 ± 627 cells/mm2) compared to control (6,592 ± 1,545 cells/mm2).Conclusions: This study demonstrates maintenance of Sertoli cell number and function in immature human testicular tissues exposed to platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents. The maintenance of a functional Sertoli cell environment following chemotherapy exposure suggests that fertility restoration by spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) transplant may be possible in boys facing platinum-based cancer treatment.
Bullying, Mental Health, and the Moderating Role of Supportive Adults: A Cross-National Analysis of Adolescents in 45 Countries
Authors: Kim Samuel Seunghan , Craig Wendy Marion , King Nathan , Bilz Ludwig , Cosma Alina , Molcho Michal , Qirjako Gentiana , Gaspar De Matos Margarida , Augustine Lilly , Šmigelskas Kastytis , Pickett William 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: Relationships with supportive adults during adolescence may be a protective factor that lowers the risks associated with bullying. The current study aimed to examine the moderating role of supportive adults in the associations between bullying involvement (in-person and cyber) and mental health problems (psychological symptoms and low life satisfaction).Methods: Data from 45 countries and regions taking part in the 2017/18 Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children study (N = 230,757) were used. Multivariable Poisson regression models were used to estimate relative risks of bullying on mental health. Effect estimates were compared across the number of supportive adults to examine a possible cumulative protective effect of relationships with supportive adults.Results: Bullying involvement was consistently associated with poor mental health across the 45 countries. Risk of mental health problems associated with bullying involvement was greatest among students reporting relationships with multiple supportive adults. This was true for all indicators of bullying involvement.Conclusion: Bullying remains a prevalent and harmful experience for youth worldwide. Merely having supportive adults is not sufficient in protecting youth from experiencing the mental health risks associated with bullying.
Factors Associated to Psychological Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Healthcare Workers in Ecuador
Authors: Ruiz-Frutos Carlos , Arias-Ulloa Cristian Arturo , Ortega-Moreno Mónica , Romero-Martín Macarena , Escobar-Segovia Kenny F. , Adanaque-Bravo Ingrid , Gómez-Salgado Juan 
Published: March 2022

Objective: The global COVID-19 pandemic has challenged health systems. Healthcare professionals had to face harsh conditions that have caused psycho-emotional consequences. Ecuador has been one of the countries hit hardest by the pandemic in Latin America. The objective of this study was to analyse the levels of psychological distress among healthcare workers in Ecuador during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with a convenience sample of 1,056 healthcare professionals, assessing their psychological distress, physical symptoms of COVID-19, state of health, the preventive measures adopted, and the history of contact with people infected with the SARS-CoV2 virus.Results: showed that 66.0% of the participants manifested psychological distress, with significantly higher levels in women with symptoms of COVID-19 and previous contact with infected people or objects (p &lt; 0.001). However, adherence to preventive measures and perception of health were associated with less psychological distress (p &lt; 0.001).Conclusions: The importance of monitoring the mental health of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed, having identified factors associated with the development of psychological distress among professionals in Ecuador.
Desarrollo de programa computacional para la verificación de corte por punzonamiento en losas de hormigón armado
Authors: Dorado Saucedo Ricardo , Ugarte Lucuy Bernardo 
Published: March 2022

El objetivo del estudio fue diseñar un programa computacional que automatice la verificación de corte por punzonamiento en losas planas, tanto macizas como aligeradas, para columnas rectangulares, circulares, u otra geometría. Además, se propuso un procedimiento para calcular esfuerzos de punzonamiento en columnas situadas en la posición de “esquina invertida”. El código fuente fue desarrollado y compilado en el entorno de programación Visual Studio, utilizando el lenguaje de programación VisualBasic. Para el análisis de la columna en esquina invertida, procedimientos similares a los descritos por las normas internacionales de concreto reforzado vigentes fueron utilizados. Como resultado del proyecto se obtuvo el programa computacional en formato ejecutable para el entorno de Windows, acompañado de la formulación y descripción del procedimiento para realizar la verificación de esfuerzos por punzonamiento en la posición mencionada. El desarrollo de dicha formulación queda sujeto a un análisis más detallado, respaldado por modelos matemáticos y físicos.
القانون الجنائي والحاجة الى الفلسفة
Authors: عبد الله فراس عبد المنعم 
Published: March 2022

هذهِ دراسة في استكشافية لأوجه الفائدة العملية التي يمكن للمنهج الفلسفي ان يقدمها في مجال القانون عموماً – والجنائي بشكل خاص.
لقد ساهمت الفلسفة بمدارسها المختلفة في تأصيل وتوجيه مسارات البحث في العلوم الأخرى الإنسانية والطبيعية، ولكننا نعتقد انها لم تقدم كل ما لديها في مجال القانون. وهو الأمر الذي يعود الى طبيعة القانون المعيارية، وصعوبة الفصل بين النسق القانوني والانسان والمؤسسات الاجتماعية والأخرى والتي ما زالت تؤثر سلباً في الكشف عن طبيعة القانون الحقيقية وتؤخر عملية اكتسابه لصفات العلم الحقيقي.
ولذلك فقد تم التركيز على اثبات قيمة الفلسفة العملية في تحديد طبيعة الظاهرة القانونية والفرز بينها وبين الظاهرة السياسية.
وصولاً الى تحليل الصلة بين العدالة الجنائية والقانون الجنائي ورد كلاهما الى الأصل المشترك وهو العدالة الاجتماعية.
ويتمثل الجانب التطبيقي للبحث في دراسة مفهوم العنف وتمييزه عن مفهوم القسر الجنائي واعتبار ذلك من أهم مظاهر ذاتية القانون الجنائي وفقاً للمقاربة الفلسفية.
التحديات الإسرائيلية والأمريكية لعودة اللاجئين الفلسطينيين والآليات المقترحة لمواجهتها "دراسة تحليلية في ضوء أحكام القانون الدولي الإنساني"
Authors: شتيه محمد عبد الفتاح 
Published: March 2022

تُعد قضية اللاجئين جوهر القضية الفلسطينية باعتبارها قضية سياسية وقانونية وإنسانية تؤرق كل فلسطيني، ويتم توارث تداعياتها عبر الأجيال، نظرا لما خلفته من معاناة وتشرد وبؤس وحرمان مازال اللاجئون يعيشونه حتى الآن. تحول إسرائيل دون عودتهم وهي مسؤولية عن نكبتهم وتهجيرهم بسبب ما تفرضه وتسنه من تشريعات عنصرية ، إضافة إلى انحياز الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية إلى جانب إسرائيل في ظل وهن المجتمع الدولي وسياسة القطب الواحد. إن هذا يقتضي البحث عن بدائل وحلول لتمكين اللاجئين الفلسطينيين من حقهم المشروع، مما يساهم في تعزيز السلم والأمن الدوليين.
الكلمات المفتاحية: تحديات عودة اللاجئين، حق العودة، اللاجئون، آليات تنفيذ القرار194، حق العودة في القانون الدولي.