bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ERIM: An ensemble of rare itemset mining and its application in the automotive industry
Authors: Akdas Devrim Naz , Birant Derya , Yildirim Taser Pelin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDiscovering previously unknown anomalies that are rare and dramatically differ from the majority of the data is a critical need for the automotive industry. Rare itemset mining (RIM), one of the pattern‐based methods, has been used for anomaly detection due to providing successful analysis results. However, several aspects still need to be explored, such as improving the mining process by identifying more targeted, valuable and reliable rare itemsets. Motivated by this fact, this study proposes a novel approach, named ensemble of rare itemset mining (ERIM), which investigates weak rare itemsets (WRIs) using different algorithms and aggregates these rules to obtain strong rare itemsets (SRIs). This study also combines four different RIM algorithms (Apriori Rare, Apriori Inverse, CORI and RP‐Growth) as base learners for the first time. The proposed ERIM approach is a general methodology that can be applied to any field, but, in this study, it was used in the automotive industry as a case study. In the experiments, ERIM was applied to a real‐world gear manufacturing dataset to discover anomalies in machine downtimes. The experimental results were evaluated in terms of the number of itemsets and the length of itemsets by giving some samples, as well. The results showed that the proposed ERIM approach gives more reliable common knowledge by jointly considering the relation between WRIs discovered by the base learners. The findings indicated that the proposed ERIM technique was successful in detecting anomalies whose support values are below 7.12. Furthermore, it is clear from the experimental results that the ERIM discovered the highest number of SRIs, 1403, each of which is a 3‐itemset. Finally, the results showed that our method performed 43.37% better on average than state‐of‐the‐art methods on the same dataset.
Urbanization causes biotic homogenization of woodland bird communities at multiple spatial scales
Authors: Sidemo‐Holm William , Ekroos Johan , Reina García Santiago , Söderström Bo , Hedblom Marcus 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUrbanization is a major contributor to biodiversity declines. However, studies assessing effects of urban landscapes per se (i.e., disentangled from focal habitat effects) on biodiversity across spatial scales are lacking. Understanding such scale‐dependent effects is fundamental to preserve habitats along an urbanization gradient in a way that maximizes overall biodiversity. We investigated the impact of landscape urbanization on communities of woodland‐breeding bird species in individual (local scale) and across multiple (regional scale) cities, while controlling for the quality of sampled habitats (woodlands). We conducted bird point counts and habitat quality mapping of trees, dead wood, and shrubs in 459 woodlands along an urban to rural urbanization gradient in 32 cities in Sweden. Responses to urbanization were measured as local and regional total diversity (γ), average site diversity (α), and diversity between sites (β). We also assessed effects on individual species and to what extent dissimilarities in species composition along the urbanization gradient were driven by species nestedness or turnover. We found that landscape urbanization had a negative impact on γ‐, α‐, and β‐diversity irrespective of spatial scale, both regarding all woodland‐breeding species and red‐listed species. At the regional scale, dissimilarities in species composition between urbanization levels were due to nestedness, that is, species were lost with increased landscape urbanization without being replaced. In contrast, dissimilarities at the local scale were mostly due to species turnover. Because there was no difference in habitat quality among woodlands across the urbanization gradient, we conclude that landscape urbanization as such systematically causes poorer and more homogeneous bird communities in adjacent natural habitats. However, the high local turnover and the fact that several species benefited from urbanization demonstrates that natural habitats along the entire urbanization gradient are needed to maintain maximally diverse local bird communities.
Cardiovascular medications and long‐term mortality among stroke survivors in the Brazilian Study of Stroke Mortality and Morbidity (EMMA)
Authors: Souza Karla AS , Varella Ana C , Olmos Rodrigo D , Romagnolli Carla , Gooden Tiffany E , Thomas G Neil , Lip Gregory YH , Santos Itamar S , Lotufo Paulo A , Benseñor Isabela M , Goulart Alessandra C ,   NIHR Global Health Research Group on Atrial Fibrillation Management
Published: August 2022

AimTo investigate the association between medication use and long‐term all‐cause mortality in a Brazilian stroke cohort.MethodsBoth ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke were evaluated. Medication use was assessed as: never, only pre‐stroke, only post‐stroke, and continuous use. We evaluated anti‐hypertensives, anti‐diabetics, lipid‐lowering drugs, anti‐platelets, and anti‐coagulants. Cox regression models were adjusted for sociodemographic and cardiovascular risk factors.ResultsAmong 1173 incident stroke cases (median age: 68; 86.8% were ischemic, 70% first‐ever stroke), medication use was low (overall: 17.5% pre‐stroke, 26.4% post‐stroke, and 40% were under continuous use). Anti‐hypertensives and anti‐platelets (aspirin) were the continuous cardiovascular medications used most often, at 83.5% and 72%, respectively, while statins (39.7%) and anti‐diabetics (31.3%) were the least used. Medication use (pre‐stroke, post‐stroke and continuous use) was associated with a reduction in all‐cause mortality risk, particularly among those under continuous use (multivariable hazard ratio, 0.52; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.46–0.66) compared with never‐users. Among ischemic stroke patients, this effect was similar (multivariable hazard ratio, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.40–0.68). No significant associations were evident among hemorrhagic stroke patients.ConclusionsThe risk of all‐cause mortality was reduced by 48% among those with ischemic stroke under continuous use of medications. Secondary prevention should be emphasized more strongly in clinical practice.Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 715–722.
Predictive ability of the total score of the Kihon checklist for the incidence of functional disability in older Japanese adults: An 8‐year prospective study
Authors: Matsuzaki Hideaki , Kishimoto Hiro , Nofuji Yu , Chen Tao , Narazaki Kenji 
Published: August 2022

AimTo investigate the association between the total score of the Kihon checklist (t‐KCL score) and functional disability over an 8‐year follow‐up period, and to examine whether the t‐KCL score in the basic model with risk factors contributes to the incremental predictive ability for functional disability among older adults.MethodsWe followed 2209 older adults aged ≥65 years without functional disability at baseline. The t‐KCL score was determined using a baseline survey questionnaire. Functional disability was defined based on information from long‐term care certifications. The association between the t‐KCL score and functional disability was examined using the Cox proportional hazards model. The incremental predictive ability of the t‐KCL score for functional disability was evaluated by the difference of the C‐statistic, category‐free net reclassification improvement (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI).ResultsThe median follow‐up period was 7.8 years, and 557 participants developed functional disability. The adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]) of functional disability for a 1‐point increase of the t‐KCL score was 1.08 (1.06–1.10). Adding the t‐KCL score to the basic model significantly improved the C‐statistic (95% CI) from 0.747 (0.728–0.768) to 0.760 (0.741–0.781). When the t‐KCL score was added to the basic model, the NRI and IDI were 0.187 (95% CI: 0.095–0.287) and 0.020 (95% CI: 0.012–0.027), respectively.ConclusionsThe t‐KCL score had an independent positive association with functional disability over an 8‐year follow‐up. Furthermore, adding the t‐KCL score to the basic model improved the predictive ability for functional disability. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 723–729.
An improved method to assess skeletal muscle mass in patients with liver cirrhosis based on computed tomography images
Authors: Sugiyama Yoshiaki , Ishizu Yoji , Ando Yusuke , Yokoyama Shinya , Yamamoto Kenta , Ito Takanori , Imai Norihiro , Nakamura Masanao , Honda Takashi , Kawashima Hiroki , Ishikawa Tetsuya , Ishigami Masatoshi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimConventionally, the skeletal muscle area with computed tomography (CT) attenuation ranging from −29 to +150 Hounsfield unit (HU) divided by height squared (the conventional skeletal muscle index [SMI]) was used as an index of skeletal muscle mass. However, it includes fat‐infiltrated skeletal muscle, which is known to have poor function. This study aims to determine whether the low‐fat SMI, which uses skeletal muscle mass with CT attenuation ranging from +30 to +150 HU, or conventional SMI appropriately reflects the function of skeletal muscle.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 120 patients with cirrhosis whose handgrip strength was measured. Among them, 48 patients underwent a physical performance assessment such as liver frailty index (LFI) and short physical performance battery (SPPB), and 80 underwent quality of life (QOL) assessment. The relationships between each SMI and handgrip strength, LFI, SPPB, and QOL were evaluated.ResultsLow‐fat SMI was significantly correlated with handgrip strength (males, R = 0.393, p = 0.002; females, R = 0.423, p < 0.001) and LFI (males, R = −0.535, p = 0.035; females, R = −0.368, p = 0.039), whereas conventional SMI was not. When using low‐fat SMI, patients with low skeletal muscle mass had significantly low handgrip strength, LFI, SPPB, and physical and social‐related QOL score than those without. By contrast, no significant differences were found for any items when using conventional SMI.ConclusionsLow‐fat SMI is a good index of skeletal muscle mass that appropriately reflects skeletal muscle function.
Effectiveness of root resection techniques compared with root canal retreatment or apical surgery for the treatment of apical periodontitis and tooth survival: A systematic review
Authors: Corbella Stefano , Walter Clemens , Tsesis Igor 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo manage apical periodontitis in root filled maxillary and mandibular molars, root resection techniques may be employed to avoid the loss of the tooth.ObjectivesThe objectives of the study were to systematically analyse the effectiveness of root resection techniques (root resection/crown resection/root amputation) for the management of apical periodontitis with non‐surgical root canal retreatment or apical surgery by the evaluation of clinical and patient‐related outcomes (PROMS), in human experimental studies and longitudinal studies.MethodsAn electronic literature search in PubMed, MEDLINE via OVID interface, EMBASE and Cochrane Central, supplemented by a manual hand search of the grey literature, was performed up to 25th September 2021. Randomized controlled trials, comparative clinical trials and observational studies reporting on the outcome (tooth survival and patient‐reported outcome measures with a minimum follow‐up of 1 year) of root resection techniques for treating apical periodontitis were identified. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale.ResultsFrom a total of 2098 reports, 36 were considered for further screening. Three retrospective studies, published between 2018 and 2020, were included in this systematic review. A high heterogeneity in terms of protocols, study design and the reported outcomes were observed. The risk of bias was scored as low to moderate. These three studies consisted of data from 305 resected teeth, from 254 patients, with a follow‐up period of 1–16.8 years. Overall, 151 teeth were extracted during the follow‐up period. In these studies, root resection treatment was carried out on 42 teeth exclusively for endodontic reasons. One of these studies reported 12 out of 23 teeth lost at follow‐up. None of the studies reported on PROMS.DiscussionAlthough root resection techniques may be used for treating teeth with apical periodontitis, the data are limited. Furthermore, the studies are very heterogeneous and associated with high risk of bias.ConclusionsGiven the current level of available evidence, it is not possible to recommend, or dismiss, root resection techniques for managing apical periodontitis.RegistrationPROSPERO database (CRD42021260306).
A critical review of bioactive glasses and glass–ceramics in cancer therapy
Authors: Moeini Ali , Hassanzadeh Chinijani Turan , Malek Khachatourian Adrine , Vinicius Lia Fook Marcus , Baino Francesco , Montazerian Maziar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThere is an ongoing profound shift in using glass as a primarily passive material to one that instills active properties. We believe and demonstrate that bioactive glasses (BGs) and glass–ceramics (BGCs) as functional biomaterials for cancer therapy can transform the world of healthcare in the 21st century. Melt/gel‐derived BGs and BGCs can carry many exotic elements, including less common rare‐earth, and trigger highly efficient anticancer properties via the combination of radiotherapy, photothermal therapy, magnetic hyperthermia, along with drug or therapeutic ions delivery. The addition of these dopants modifies the bioactivity, imparts novel functionalities, and induces specific biological effects that are not achievable using other classes of biomaterials. In this paper, we have briefly reviewed and discussed the current knowledge on promising compositions, processing parameters, and applications of BGs and BGCs in treating cancer. We also envisage the need for further research on this particular, unique class of BGs and BGCs.
A metaheuristic for the double traveling salesman problem with partial last‐in‐first‐out loading constraints
Authors: Mardones Blas , Gatica Gustavo , Contreras‐Bolton Carlos 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper addresses the double traveling salesman problem with partial last‐in‐first‐out (LIFO) loading constraints. A vehicle picks up items in the pickup area and loads them into its container, a horizontal stack. Once all the pickup operations are done, the vehicle can deliver the items to the delivery area because pickup‐and‐delivery areas are geographically separated. Additionally, the loading and unloading operations also follow a partial LIFO policy. The aim is to find a Hamiltonian cycle that satisfies the loading and unloading policy described above in order to minimize the distance traveled by the vehicle in both areas and the cost of the rearrangements that are performed across the routes. The state‐of‐the‐art algorithm finds good solutions to the existing instances. However, finding good‐quality solutions in large instances requires longer computing times. Therefore, we propose an iterated local search that considers two additional components to the classical components, the intensification and restart procedure. The first helps in a more thorough examination of promising neighborhoods, while the second helps in the complete diversity of the solutions in the hopes of escaping the local optima. Moreover, a new unique decoding approach for the solution representation is proposed to effectively generate feasible solutions. The proposed algorithm's performance is evaluated on an existing set of instances and in two new additional sets of larger instances that are proposed. The computational results obtained on the three test sets show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art algorithm in terms of computing time required to find good‐quality solutions.
Super‐response to guselkumab treatment in patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis: age, body weight, baseline Psoriasis Area and Severity Index, and baseline Investigator's Global Assessment scores predict complete skin clearance
Authors: Reich K. , Gordon K.B. , Strober B. , Langley R.G. , Miller M. , Yang Y.‐W. , Shen Y.‐K. , You Y. , Zhu Y. , Foley P. , Blauvelt A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is a chronic immune‐mediated inflammatory skin disease that often leads to a diminished quality of life. Goals of treating patients with psoriasis have shifted with more focus on achieving near or complete clearance of the skin. Guselkumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin‐23, is effective in treating moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis.ObjectiveTo describe the baseline characteristics of patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis achieving super‐response (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index [PASI] 100 response at Weeks 20 and 28) after commencing guselkumab treatment.MethodsPooled data from VOYAGE 1 and VOYAGE 2 studies identified super‐response; baseline demographic, disease and pharmacokinetic characteristics were compared with non‐super‐response. A stepwise logistic regression analysis identified which factors were potentially predictive of super‐response status, with significance level of 0.1.ResultsA subset of patients randomized to guselkumab comprised this post hoc analysis (n = 664); 271 patients achieved super‐response vs. 393 with non‐super‐response. Patient age at study entry and baseline body weight (≤90 kg vs. >90 kg), PASI, and Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) score were significant predictors of super‐response status, with odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 0.98 (0.967–0.993; P = 0.003), 1.42 (1.026–1.977; P = 0.034), 0.97 (0.955–0.993; P = 0.007) and 0.66 (0.433–0.997; P = 0.048), respectively. More patients with super‐response achieved an early response: Week 2 PASI 75 (5.5% vs. 1.8%) and Week 8 PASI 100 (22.5% vs. 3.3%) vs. non‐super‐response. Median serum guselkumab concentrations through Week 28 were slightly greater in patients with super‐response vs. non‐super‐response.ConclusionGuselkumab was more likely to achieve early clinical responses (complete skin clearance) in younger patients, less obese patients and patients with less severe psoriasis.
Systematic literature review assessing the overall costs and societal impacts of moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis in Europe
Authors: Augustin M. , Misery L. , von Kobyletzski L. , Mealing S. , Redding M. , Chuang C.C. , Massey R. , Cawkwell M. , Bego Le‐Bagousse G. , Haddy L. , Rout R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory disease, driven by type 2 inflammation. The condition manifests as moderate‐to‐severe disease in approximately 20% of adults with AD across Europe and is associated with a substantial burden on patients, society and healthcare systems. However, systematic assessments capturing the totality of disease burden associated with moderate‐to‐severe AD are limited; therefore, the overall impacts of the disease may be underestimated. A systematic literature review (SLR) was carried out to assess the overall costs of moderate‐to‐severe AD across Europe, including the financial, societal and humanistic impacts. PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched to identify relevant studies published between 1 January 2010 and 2 June 2020. Scientific conference proceedings, health technology assessment websites and patient association group websites were also searched for relevant information. Twenty‐seven publications, corresponding to 22 unique studies, were included in the analysis. Total costs (direct and productivity losses) reached €20 695 per‐person‐per‐year (PPPY) for adults with uncontrolled symptoms of moderate‐to‐severe AD. Direct medical costs ranged between €307 and €6993 PPPY; prescription medications and specialist dermatologist visits were the main contributors. Costs increased with disease severity or with uncontrolled disease. Patients with AD also incurred personal costs of €927 per year for healthcare items not reimbursed, which increased by 9% for those with moderate‐to‐severe forms. Annual work productivity losses comprised most of the total costs reported for adults with moderate‐to‐severe AD (up to 60.8% of the total burden) and were highest in those with uncontrolled disease (€13 702 PPPY). Patients with moderate‐to‐severe disease also experienced physical, emotional, and social impacts. The overall costs of moderate‐to‐severe AD greatly impact on healthcare systems, patients and society. Sustained control of moderate‐to‐severe AD, through effective treatment and care management, is essential to limit the burden caused by the disease.
Nano‐injection method for micro‐insects without sedation using the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis
Authors: Raffin Catherine Lee , Price Briana Elizabeth , Yun Seung Hwan , Choi Man‐Yeon 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMicro‐injection techniques are invaluable in entomological research as they allow for direct delivery of biological compounds into the hemocoel of specimens at controlled volumes. Despite its prevalent use among embryonic, larval, and adult stages of insects, most current micro‐injections for live insects are restricted to insects over 3 mm in size. Nearly all micro‐injection methods utilize immobilization tactics that may affect specimen fitness and physiology. This alteration can cause an inconclusive interpretation of phenotypic reactions post‐injection. In this study, we detail an improved nano‐volume injection technique for micro‐insects (<3 mm) using the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentallis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), as a model. By constructing and using a modified vacuum stage, injections were performed on live thrips, without sedation and physical injury. A simple survivorship assay in which the thrips were injected with 10 nl of pure water into the thorax or abdomen demonstrated that thoracic injections yield similar survival rates to control thrips that were not injected, while abdominal injections severely limited survivorship. Here we present an integrative method that customizes the vacuum stage, nano‐injection tools, injection volume and site, and other specifications for live micro‐insects (<3 mm).