bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mucormycosis co-infection in COVID-19 patients: An update
Authors: Alkhamiss Abdullah S. , Ahmed Ahmed A. , Rasheed Zafar , Alghsham Ruqaih , Shariq Ali , Alsaeed Thamir , Althwab Sami A. , Alsagaby Suliman , Aljohani Abdullah S. M. , Alhumaydhi Fahad A. , Alduraibi Sharifa K. , Alduraibi Alaa K. , Alhomaidan Homaidan T. , Allemailem Khaled S. , Alharbi Raya A. , Alamro Samar A. , Alqusayer Arwa M. , Alharbi Sahim A. , Alharby Thekra A. , Almujaydil Mona S. , Mousa Ayman M. , Alghaniam Sultan A. , Alghunaim Abdulrhman A. , Alghamdi Rana , Fernández Nelson , Al Abdulmonem Waleed 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Mucormycosis (MCM) is a rare fungal disorder that has recently been increased in parallel with novel COVID-19 infection. MCM with COVID-19 is extremely lethal, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. The collection of available scientific information helps in the management of this co-infection, but still, the main question on COVID-19, whether it is occasional, participatory, concurrent, or coincidental needs to be addressed. Several case reports of these co-infections have been explained as causal associations, but the direct contribution in immunocompromised individuals remains to be explored completely. This review aims to provide an update that serves as a guide for the diagnosis and treatment of MCM patients’ co-infection with COVID-19. The initial report has suggested that COVID-19 patients might be susceptible to developing invasive fungal infections by different species, including MCM as a co-infection. In spite of this, co-infection has been explored only in severe cases with common triangles: diabetes, diabetes ketoacidosis, and corticosteroids. Pathogenic mechanisms in the aggressiveness of MCM infection involves the reduction of phagocytic activity, attainable quantities of ferritin attributed with transferrin in diabetic ketoacidosis, and fungal heme oxygenase, which enhances iron absorption for its metabolism. Therefore, severe COVID-19 cases are associated with increased risk factors of invasive fungal co-infections. In addition, COVID-19 infection leads to reduction in cluster of differentiation, especially CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts, which may be highly implicated in fungal co-infections. Thus, the progress in MCM management is dependent on a different strategy, including reduction or stopping of implicit predisposing factors, early intake of active antifungal drugs at appropriate doses, and complete elimination via surgical debridement of infected tissues.
β-Hydroxybutyrate upregulates FGF21 expression through inhibition of histone deacetylases in hepatocytes
Authors: Yan Aili , Zhao Yanyan , Zhang Lijun , Liang Xiangyan , Zhang Xiaochun , Liang Fenli , Nian Shen , Li Xinhua , Sun Zhuo , Li Ke , Zhao Yu-Feng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is secreted by hepatocytes as a peptide hormone to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. FGF21 promotes hepatic ketogenesis and increases ketone body utilization in starvation. Histones are the target molecules of nutrients in regulating hepatic metabolic homeostasis. However, the effect of ketone bodies on FGF21 expression and the involvement of histones in it is not clear yet. The present study observed the effects of β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB), the main physiological ketone body, on FGF21 expression in human hepatoma HepG2 cells in vitro and in mice in vivo, and the role of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in β-OHB-regulated FGF21 expression was investigated. The results showed that β-OHB significantly upregulated FGF21 gene expression and increased FGF21 protein levels while it inhibited HDACs’ activity in HepG2 cells. HDACs’ inhibition by entinostat upregulated FGF21 expression and eliminated β-OHB-stimulated FGF21 expression in HepG2 cells. Intraperitoneal injections of β-OHB in mice resulted in the elevation of serum β-OHB and the inhibition of hepatic HDACs’ activity. Meanwhile, hepatic FGF21 expression and serum FGF21 levels were significantly increased in β-OHB-treated mice compared with the control. It is suggested that β-OHB upregulates FGF21 expression through inhibition of HDACs’ activity in hepatocytes.
Mechanical, thermal, and tribological characterization of bio-polymeric composites: A comprehensive review
Authors: Hayajneh Mohammed T. , Al-Shrida Mu’ayyad M. , AL-Oqla Faris M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The current review extensively discusses the effects of various natural fillers on mechanical, thermal, and tribological characteristics of polypropylene, polyethylene, poly(vinyl chloride), and polyester resin matrices. The discussion has considered all of the tensile, flexural, and impact properties along with the wear rate and thermogravimetric analysis of a wide range of natural reinforcements. Detailed comparative studies about the factors that influence the fillers’ performance in the polymeric composites were also conducted to give the reader a comprehensive understanding to enable a better selection of the optimized characteristics to develop a more sustainable design. This systematic review indicates that the majority of green fillers had an adverse effect on the tensile strength of the considered matrices, but generally improved the tensile modulus. Moreover, the studied fillers enhanced the flexural modulus property for all mentioned matrices. The impact strength was dramatically influenced by the intrinsic characteristic of the filler type.
A ternary hybrid nucleating agent for isotropic polypropylene: Preparation, characterization, and application
Authors: Li Juan , Yang Chunping , Liu Nan , He Shengbao , Sun Tianwei , Zhang Jing 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A ternary hybrid nucleating agent (THNA) powder was prepared by co-spray drying the fluid mixture of Si-MP/SNa slurry. The THNA was characterized by Fourier transform infrared and thermogravimetric analyses; the results showed that THNA was prepared successfully. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that THNA was ring-shaped or mushroom cap-shaped and it was uniformly dispersed in the iPP matrix. With the incorporation of THNA (0.2 wt%), the crystallization peak temperature of iPP/THNA increased effectively. The nucleation efficiency and crystallinity were improved to 69% and 58%, respectively. Moreover, the flexural strength, flexural modulus, tensile strength, and impact toughness of iPP/THAN were enhanced to 49.3 MPa, 1,988 MPa, 42 MPa, and 4.93 kJ·m−2, respectively. The transparency was increased to 77.7%, and the haze was reduced to 14.1%. The compound of sodium laurate and inorganic silica/aromatic phosphate had an obvious synergistic effect.
Occurrence of yttrium in the Zhijin phosphorus deposit in Guizhou Province, China
Authors: Chen Jiyan , Yang Ruidong , Zhang Jie , Chao Jinxing 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Zhijin phosphorite (P)-bearing rare earth element (REE) deposit in Guizhou Province (China) hosts vast ore resources (P: 1.348 billion tonnes; REE: 1.44 Mt). Up to date, the Zhijin phosphorite resource has not been exploited because of the uncertain occurrence of the associated REEs, which hampers mineral processing and extraction. In this study, the structure, the valence state, and the coordination position of Y in the REE-yttrium-rich bioclastic samples from Zhijin were revealed by means of synchrotron radiation X-ray absorption fine structure analysis. The results show that the Y occurs as Y(iii) in the samples, and that the form of Y is different from the Y2O3 form in standard xenotime samples. Yttrium in the samples was in a complex coordination position without Y–O–Y bonding, and the Y–O bond lengths range widely without clear patterns. We suggest that Y in the samples is surrounded by organic or macro-molecular compounds, rather than in inorganic ones. Thus, Y in collophanite is unlikely to be in the form of isomorphism.
Nitazoxanide inhibits osteosarcoma cells growth and metastasis by suppressing AKT/mTOR and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways
Authors: Ye Caihong , Wei Mengqi , Huang Huakun , Wang Yuping , Zhang Lulu , Yang Chunmei , Huang Yanran , Luo Jinyong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most prevalent malignant bone tumor with poor prognosis. Developing new drugs for the chemotherapy of OS has been a focal point and a major obstacle of OS treatment. Nitazoxanide (NTZ), a conventional anti-parasitic agent, has got increasingly noticed because of its favorable antitumor potential. Herein, we investigated the effect of NTZ on human OS cells in vitro and in vivo. The results obtained in vitro showed that NTZ inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion, arrested cell cycle at G1 phase, while induced apoptosis of OS cells. Mechanistically, NTZ suppressed the activity of AKT/mTOR and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways of OS cells. Consistent with the results in vitro, orthotopic implantation model of 143B OS cells further confirmed that NTZ inhibited OS cells growth and lung metastasis in vivo. Notably, NTZ caused no apparent damage to normal cells/tissues. In conclusion, NTZ may inhibit tumor growth and metastasis of human OS cells through suppressing AKT/mTOR and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways.
Functional waveform pulse variable speed stirring to improve mechanistic analysis and experimental study on the purification efficiency of zinc sulfate solution
Authors: Wang Mengmeng , Wang Shibo , Wang Hua , Li Chunlin , Qi Xianjin , Xu Jianxin , Xiao Qingtai 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper builds a wireless precision control function waveform pulse variable speed stirring device with point-to-point data transmission between the host computer and the microcontroller, which uses a programmable STM32 microcontroller as the system controller, superimposed with a single closed-loop static differential-free speed control system and a pulse broadband modulation (PWM) system to control the DC brush motor driving the stirring paddle based on arbitrary waveform function variable speed stirring respectively. The effects of different pulse waveform stirring systems on the purification effect of Cadmium ions (Cd2+) from zinc sulfate solution were studied under the same pulse period and maximum speed. The experimental results show that when K
P = 0.012 and T
i = 100, the anti-disturbance of the motor during the variable speed stirring process can be effectively improved, and the speed adjustment time is short and robust; when the Cd2+ purification rate reaches 92%, the purification time of the variable sine function stirring system is shortened by about 40% compared with that of the uniform speed stirring system, and that of the variable trapezoidal function stirring system is shortened by about 33.3% compared with that of the uniform speed stirring system. When the reaction is finished, the Cd2+ concentration is reduced to 6 mg/L by the variable sinusoidal stirring system only, and the Cd2+ concentration is lower than 10 mg/L in a shorter time compared with the time required for cadmium removal in the actual industrial production line.
Experimental study on direct contact condensation of saturated steam at low mass flux in subcooled quiescent water
Authors: Kaleem Muhammad Ahsan , Shah Ajmal , Iqbal Mazhar , Quddus Abdul , Mehmood Atif , Riaz Ali , Ayub Muhammad Khawar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The phenomenon of saturated steam jet injection in subcooled quiescent water has many practical applications including in heat exchangers, steam jet pumps, steam dumping systems in nuclear plants, etc. The experimental setup is designed and fabricated indigenously to investigate this phenomenon at lower mass fluxes ∼120 and 150 kg/m2 s. The steam jet of conical shape has been observed for all the test conditions. The recorded axial temperature distribution showed that near the nozzle region, the temperature is governed by the saturated condition of steam while the later region is dependent on the water pool temperature. The maximum temperature is observed to be at the center of the jet. It has been found that the dimensionless penetration length of the steam jet in water is directly dependent on both the temperature of the water pool and the mass flux of steam. The dimensionless jet length has been found in the range ∼1.54–2.02 and 2.07–2.19 for mass fluxes ∼120 and 150 kg/m2 s, respectively. The average heat transfer coefficient has been found in the range ∼1.97–2.37 MW/m2 K.
Uncertainty and realized jumps in the pound-dollar exchange rate: evidence from over one century of data
Authors: Gkillas Konstantinos , Gupta Rangan , Vortelinos Dimitrios I. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We study the importance of economic uncertainty so as to predict realized jumps (hereafter jumps) in the pound-dollar exchange rate. The empirical analysis covers the time period from February 1900 to May 2018 on a monthly basis, incorporating several market states, including various booms and crashes. First, we apply a standard linear Granger causality test in order to identify causal effects from economic uncertainty to jumps. We show that the standard linear Granger causality test fails to capture such casual effects. Providing the misspecification of the linear model, we next make use of a nonparametric causality-in-quantiles test. This test allows us to take into account the substantial evidence of nonlinearity along with the structural breaks between economic uncertainty and jumps. In applying this data-driven robust procedure, we find strong evidence of uncertainty causing jumps of the dollar-pound exchange rate. These results are robust over the entire conditional distribution of jumps, exhibiting the strongest impact at the lowest conditional quantiles considered. In addition, our results are generally found to be robust to alternative measures of uncertainty, jumps generated at a daily frequency based on shorter samples of intraday data, and across three other dollar-based exchange rates.
Wert mit Abfall befragen. Eine soziomaterielle Perspektive auf die Erzeugung von Wert mit Einsichten aus ethnographischer Forschung zu Elektroschrott
Authors: Laser Stefan 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungBewertungen sind an der Hervorbringung sozialer Ordnungen beteiligt. Wenngleich als Leitunterscheidung benannt, wird im Forschungsfeld der Bewertungssoziologie die Unterscheidung von wertvoll und wertlos jedoch häufig übergangen und die Rolle von destruktiven Praktiken unterbeleuchtet; das Feld kann profitieren von den instruktiven, aber disziplinär fragmentierten Beiträgen der Abfallforschung. Der vorliegende Beitrag entwickelt eine soziologische Perspektive, in der Abfälle als werterzeugende Instanzen im Zentrum stehen. Wie können Abfall und Wert in ihrer Relation und im Sinne einer Überschneidung von Sozialität und Materialität näher bestimmt werden? Inwiefern wirken abfallspezifische Praktiken ordnungsstiftend?Teilnehmende Beobachtungen aus einem Recyclingbetrieb und die Ethnographie einer gescheiterten digitalen Innovation von Google haben die Untersuchung angeregt. Mit den zwei qualitativen Fallstudien wird die Grundunterscheidung von Bewertung und Wertung weiterentwickelt, als fruchtbar erweist sich dabei, eine wirtschaftssoziologisch geläufigen Optik von „Wertschöpfung“ umzustellen auf soziomaterielle Prozesse von „Deformation“ und „Entsorgung“.
Veggie-Renate und Merci-Jens
Authors: Belosevic Milena 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper investigates personal name compounds (PN compounds) with a personal name in the second position and a lexeme or a proper name as a modifier (cf. Veggie-Renate). Based on 1194 types from the web corpus of the Digitales Wörterbuch der Deutschen Sprache (DWDS) and Twitter, the paper aims at testing the following hypotheses from the previous studies (Wildgen 1981, Kürschner 2020): PN compounds are infrequent, irregular and bear mainly an evaluative function. By drawing on the semantic relations holding between the components of nominal compounds in German (cf. Ortner et al. 1991), we provide evidence for 15 regular semantic patterns underlying PN compounds. However, these patterns cannot fully account for the properties of PN compounds as the patterns are too abstract and neglect the contextual factors and extra-linguistic knowledge about the name bearer. Therefore, to arrive at the properties of PN compounds, semantic patterns must be pragmatically enriched in the context by taking into account the linguistic knowledge about the modifier, the linguistic context and knowledge about the name bearer that is not included in the semantic pattern. Furthermore, apart from their evaluative function, PN compounds also evoke knowledge about the name bearer’s appearance, function, occupation, origin or participation in a social event. Finally, the analysis indicates a large frequency of PN compounds in DWDS and Twitter compared to the German Reference Corpus (DeReKo).
Valenzorientierung und Valenzmarkierung in der Sprachgeschichte des Deutschen
Authors: Schäfer Lea 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Valence orientation is a phenomenon much discussed and debated in typology. Diachronic tendencies of individual languages have so far only been considered en passant in typological approaches such as Comrie (2006). This paper presents a preliminary pilot study on the expression and marking of the causative anticausative alternation in the history of German in a microtypological comparison with data from two other continental West-Germanic varieties, i. e. Dutch and Yiddish. This is intended to highlight possibilities, limitations, and difficulties for a research program of diachronic analysis of a possible language change process of valence orientation and valence marking.
Die Mehrdeutigkeit der Gottgleichheitsaussage in Phil 2,6 und ihr argumentationsstrategisches Potential
Authors: Blumenthal Christian 
Published: August 2022

Zusammenfassung
Die vorliegende Untersuchung fragt nach dem argumentationsstrategischen Potential der Mehrdeutigkeit der Gottgleichheitsaussage in Phil 2,6b. Es wird die Annahme durchgespielt, dass Paulus diese Mehrdeutigkeit strategisch in seiner Argumentation in 1,27–2,18 einsetzt und seine Adressaten durch die elliptische Formulierung von 2,5b auf diese Mehrdeutigkeit vorbereitet. Auf inhaltlicher Ebene ist die Mehrdeutigkeit von 2,6 in besonderer Weise geeignet, gleichzeitig zwei Handlungsorientierungen vom Christusereignis her für die Menschen in der Jesusnachfolge grundlegend auszuschließen: Den Menschen „in Christus“ darf es weder zentral um Statusbewahrung noch um Statusverbesserung gehen.
Can the 1-Leg Standing Test Be Replaced by Self-reported Balance in the First-Time Injurious Fall Screening Tool?
Authors: Frisendahl Nathalie , Ek Stina , Rosendahl Erik , Franzén Erika , Boström Anne-Marie , Welmer Anna-Karin 
Published: August 2022

Background and Purpose:
The First-time Injurious Fall (FIF) screening tool was created to identify fall risk in community-living older men and women, who may be targets for primary preventive interventions. The FIF tool consists of 3 self-reported questions and 1 physical test (1-leg standing balance). The purpose of this study was to examine the predictive ability of the FIF tool and a modified FIF tool (in which 1-leg standing is replaced by self-reported balance) for first-time injurious falls.

Methods:
A cohort of 1194 community-living people 60 years and older from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K), Sweden, was followed longitudinally for 5 years. Data on injurious falls were collected from registered data and were defined as receipt of care after a fall. The predictive ability of the FIF tool and the m-FIF tool was explored using Harrell's C statistic, stratified by sex.

Results and Discussion:
The injurious fall rate per 1000 person-years was 54.9 (95% CI: 47.22-63.78) for women and 36.3 (95% CI: 28.84-45.78) for men. The predictive ability for women and men according to Harrell's C statistic was 0.70 and 0.71 for the FIF tool and the m-FIF tool. The predictive ability was 0.70 and 0.69 for 1-leg standing, and 0.65 and 0.60 for self-reported balance problems.

Conclusions:
The m-FIF tool presented similar predictive ability as the FIF tool regarding first-time injurious falls. This finding could extend the usefulness of the tool to other settings, such as to electronic health (eHealth). A quickly and easily administered screening tool can help physical therapists to identify people with a high risk of falling who may need to undergo a more comprehensive fall risk assessment.
Classification of Children and Adolescents With Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder
Authors: Katzman Debra K. , Guimond Tim , Spettigue Wendy , Agostino Holly , Couturier Jennifer , Norris Mark L. 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESEvidence suggests that children and adolescents with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) have heterogeneous clinical presentations. To use latent class analysis (LCA) and determine the frequency of various classes in pediatric patients with ARFID drawn from a 2-year surveillance study.METHODSCases were ascertained using the Canadian Pediatric Surveillance Program methodology from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2017. An exploratory LCA was undertaken with latent class models ranging from 1 to 5 classes.RESULTSBased on fit statistics and class interpretability, a 3-class model had the best fit: Acute Medical (AM), Lack of Appetite (LOA), and Sensory (S). The probability of being classified as AM, LOA, and S was 52%, 40.7%, and 6.9%, respectively. The AM class was distinct for increased likelihood of weight loss (92%), a shorter length of illness (&lt;12 months) (66%), medical hospitalization (56%), and heart rate &lt;60 beats per minute (31%). The LOA class was distinct for failure to gain weight (97%) and faltering growth (68%). The S class was distinct for avoiding certain foods (100%) and refusing to eat because of sensory characteristics of the food (100%). Using posterior probability assignments, a mixed group AM/LOA (n = 30; 14.5%) had characteristics of both AM and LOA classes.CONCLUSIONSThis LCA suggests that ARFID is a heterogeneous diagnosis with 3 distinct classes corresponding to the 3 subtypes described in the literature: AM, LOA, and S. The AM/LOA group had a mixed clinical presentation. Clinicians need to be aware of these different ARFID presentations because clinical and treatment needs will vary.
Zur Ökonomik von Spitzenleistungen im internationalen Sport
Authors: Baade Robert A. , Schmitz Uschi , Schwank Bernhard , Du Bois Cindy , Heyndels Bruno , Leitão João , Weinbach Andrew P. , Swart Kamilla , Bob Urmilla , Késenne Stefan , Yuen Belinda , Daumann Frank , Hofmeister Hannes , Matheson Victor A. , Paul Rodney 
Published: August 2022

Sport – insbesondere der Hochleistungssport – ist ein Faszinosum, das als Plattform für gesellschaftliche Anliegen genutzt wird. Hierauf gründen die unterschiedlichen Interessen am aktiven und passiven Sport und das staatliche Interesse am Spitzensport. In den meisten Ländern ist der Spitzensport nationales Anliegen: So bilden Staaten in nationalen Trainingszentren ihre Athleten aus, unterstützen ihre Sportverbände bei internationalen Wettbewerben oder fördern Bewerbungen für Sportgroßveranstaltungen.
Die Beiträge dieses Bandes geben einen fundierten Einblick in die Organisation des Hochleistungssports und zeigen die unterschiedlichen Wege ausgewählter Staaten auf.