bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion (RSA)
Authors: W. Ahmed Dhamraa 
Published: March 2022

Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion (RSA) is the most painful experience for couples expecting a child. This study aimed to determine the relevance of IL-2 and IL-6 in recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). Serum samples were collected from 90 women attend Al Kadhmiya teaching hospital in Baghdad. 60 women (first group) had recurrent abortion the women were negative for rubella virus, herpes simplex virus and toxplasma gondii. And they were negative from bacterial infection eg. Niesseria gonorrhea and Chlamydia trachomatis. The histopathological tests for fetus abnormalities were negative in this group, and 30 women (second group) with successful pregnancy (normal delivery). All samples were analyzed for IL-2 and IL-6 by commercially available Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kits. The data showed highly significant increase in the serum level of IL-2 in group 1 compared with group 2 (P<0.001). However, IL-6 showed highly significant increase level in group 2 compared with group 1. In addition, there was no significant correlation between these two markers in studied groups. The data of this study strengthen the possibility that high level of IL-2 and low level of IL-6 may explain the role of type-1 cytokines in the pathogenicity of recurrent spontaneous abortion.
Key words: - interleukin 2, interleukin 6 and recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA)
Morphometric indicators for selection of dual endobronchial tube in thoracic anesthesiology
Authors: Usenko O. Yu. , Sydiuk A. V. , Sydiuk O. Ye. , Klimas A. S. , Savenko G. Yu. , Teslia O. T. 
Published: March 2022

For the purpose of single-lung ventilation, various methods of lung isolation are used in the world, which is a prerequisite for many thoracic, cardiac and esophageal surgeries. Numerous studies have reported various methods for determining the optimal suitability between the diameter of the tube and the diameter of the left main bronchus for adequate ventilation and gas exchange during operations on the thoracic cavity. However, there is no consensus among anesthesiologists on the choice of tube size for effective lung ventilation and isolation. We have developed a new mathematical formula for determining the appropriate size of the left bilateral luminal endobronchial tube (LDT). The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of the developed standardized mathematical formula for determining the appropriate size of LDT for use in thoracic anesthesiology. The study was performed on 192 patients with diseases of the thoracic cavity (esophagus, lungs, mediastinum), operated on in the thoracoabdominal department of the Shalimov National Institute of Surgery and Tranplantology. A retrospective comparison group – 96 patients after thoracic surgery, which used the choice of LDT size according to the well-known Slinger method “according to the patient’s height”. The study group consisted of 96 patients after thoracic surgery, in which the choice of the size of the bifurcated endobronchial tube was used according to the developed method (according to the formula that evaluates morphometric indicators of height, sex and diameter of the left main bronchus). The application of the proposed method reduces (p = 0.001) the risk of pulmonary complications, HR = 0.39 (95 % CI 0.22-0.70) compared to traditional methods. The risk decreased 2.5 times.
Implementasi Microcontroller Arduino Dalam Rancang Bangun Pendeteksi Naiknya Darah Pada Selang Infus
Authors: Syauqi Muhammad Fuad , . Japeri , Zaini Muhammad , . Nurachman 
Published: March 2022

Sistem yang dibangun merupakan sebuah rancang bangun dari pendeteksi naiknya darah pada selang infus yang diaplikasikan terhadap semua bidang yang berkaitan dengan microncontroller dan sensor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi naiknya darah pada selang infus dalam kondisi tertentu. Penelitian ini menggunakan batasan variabel mendeteksi naiknya darah pada selang infus dan memberikan sinyal analog LED dan BUZZER sebagai penanda. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif ekspirement dengan pendekatan penelitian research dan development. Pada penelitian ini metode analisis yang digunakan menggunakan sensor warna TCS3200 sebagai input data yang digunakan pada acuan-acuan yang beredar mengenai sensor microcontrolle. Sebagai pengatur sistem menggunakan Microcontroller arduino uno yang menerima datam mengolah data, dan melakukan instruksi terhadap sinyal output analog berupa LED dan Buzzer ketika terdeteksi ada objek tertangkap sensor warna TCS3200. Dari hasil percobaan 10 kali yang dilakukan menghasilkan angka prosentasi keberhasilan (99,5%) sedangkan prosentasi tingkat kegagalan (0,5%). Dari data-data hasil percobaan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa sistem pendeteksi naiknya darah pada selang infus dapat berfungsi dengan baik.
The Semantic Arrangement of Antonyms in Clear and Ambiguous Vocabulary in the Qur'an
Authors: Al-hawawsha Sayel Hazza , Meqdad Saad Abdullah , Aburahme Mohammed Omar 
Published: March 2022

This study seeks to investigate the phenomenon of antonyms that are used to convey clear and hidden meanings in the Qur’an, with the aim of discovering more about the juxtapositional use of two words with opposing meaning, and the reasons for the use of one specific word over another – specifically the phenomenon of lexical items that carry a clear, unambiguous meaning presented in juxtaposition with those that indicate a hidden meaning, and vice versa. The paper begins by clarifying the notion of thanāʾiyyāt ḍiddiyya (antonyms) and explaining their significance for accessing textual meaning, and their power to create a clear image in the mind of the reader, and to create a sense of wonder and amazement that leads to conviction. Following this, the paper will then present a number of ‘clear’ and ‘hidden’ antonyms in the Qur’an and examine the overall structure of the verse in which they occur in order to attain an understanding of their intended meaning and, from this, the structural function of antonyms in the Qur’an. This study does not restrict itself to a descriptive-analytical methodology that is founded in extracting meaning from where it is expected and thereby arriving at the same interpretations as exegetes, or in linking lexicographical meanings and interpretations to the Qur’anic context in accordance with historical understanding. Instead, a variety of approaches are applied subject to context, so they can be assessed and then validated or rejected. The study reveals that the structural function of antonyms in both clear and obscure vocabulary can be incorporated into the holistic meaning in order to arrive at textual coherence in accordance with the rules of waḥdat al-khiṭāb (‘discourse unity’) and murāʿat al-maqām (‘observation of context’).
PERAN PEMERINTAH UNTUK MENCAPAI TUJUAN BANGSA DENGAN PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI
Authors: Nurrahman Agung 
Published: March 2022

There are three primary aims of this paper. Firstly, it is to analyse proper role theory, especially in government sector. Secondly, this study would examine the role of Indonesian government, according to relevant role theory, in order to achieve nation’s goal. Thirdly, this paper would examine the use of technology by Indonesia government in order to achieve that goal. Furthermore, this research using qualitative data collecting methods with descriptive approach and case study strategy.
There are some findings of this study. First, there are four main elements in the theory aspect of the role of the government, especially in Indonesia, namely: One, the political and social contract. Two, the process of deliberation or formulation of public policy that becomes the main point before entering into other points as derivatives. Three, the concept of implementation of public policy, in which there is a dimension of rights and obligations, both for the government and society, as both parties agree on social and political contracts, where both aspects become the fourth and fifth points.
Secondly, the Indonesian government's policy in case studies that researchers use, namely the issue of radicalism, is considered to be contrary to the contract value of the nation and state. This can be further seen in pancasila related to national unity and unity and social justice. Furthermore, the dynamics of the issue are also contrary to the vision of the ministry of religion, in terms of maintaining intra-religious harmony. Even in the process of drafting a Joint Decree of the ministry related to this issue, not through an appropriate process of public policy formulation.
Thirdly, even if the policy must be taken by the government, it is necessary to take appropriate public policy formulation measures. Moreover, it is beyond the vision and mission of the ministry, campaign promises and the constitution. Therefore, one of the efforts that must be taken to produce good public policy is to provide public spaces availability to participate in the formulation. Where in this case, technology, especially the presence of virtual space as an extension of physical space, has a big part in that. Unfortunately the government does not provide access for the public in this virtual space, and seems to separate certain spaces which creating divsion of personality.
Keywords: The role of government, the theory of the role of government, technology.
A Clinically Applicable Nomogram for Predicting the Risk of Invasive Mechanical Ventilation in Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia
Authors: Wan Rongjun , Bai Lu , Yan Yusheng , Li Jianmin , Luo Qingkai , Huang Hua , Huang Lingmei , Xiang Zhi , Luo Qing , Gu Zi , Guo Qing , Pan Pinhua , Lu Rongli , Fang Yimin , Hu Chengping , Jiang Juan , Li Yuanyuan 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivePneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is a life-threatening disease associated with a high mortality rate among immunocompromised patient populations. Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is a crucial component of treatment for PCP patients with progressive hypoxemia. This study explored the risk factors for IMV and established a model for early predicting the risk of IMV among patients with PCP.MethodsA multicenter, observational cohort study was conducted in 10 hospitals in China. Patients diagnosed with PCP were included, and their baseline clinical characteristics were collected. A Boruta analysis was performed to identify potentially important clinical features associated with the use of IMV during hospitalization. Selected variables were further analyzed using univariate and multivariable logistic regression. A logistic regression model was established based on independent risk factors for IMV and visualized using a nomogram.ResultsIn total, 103 patients comprised the training cohort for model development, and 45 comprised the validation cohort to confirm the model’s performance. No significant differences were observed in baseline clinical characteristics between the training and validation cohorts. Boruta analysis identified eight clinical features associated with IMV, three of which were further confirmed to be independent risk factors for IMV, including age (odds ratio [OR] 2.615 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.110–6.159]; p = 0.028), oxygenation index (OR 0.217 [95% CI 0.078–0.604]; p = 0.003), and serum lactate dehydrogenase level (OR 1.864 [95% CI 1.040–3.341]; p = 0.037). Incorporating these three variables, the nomogram achieved good concordance indices of 0.829 (95% CI 0.752–0.906) and 0.818 (95% CI 0.686–0.950) in predicting IMV in the training and validation cohorts, respectively, and had well-fitted calibration curves.ConclusionsThe nomogram demonstrated accurate prediction of IMV in patients with PCP. Clinical application of this model enables early identification of patients with PCP who require IMV, which, in turn, may lead to rational therapeutic choices and improved clinical outcomes.
Bone Density and Structure in Overweight Men With and Without Diabetes
Authors: Starup-Linde Jakob , Ornstrup Marie Juul , Kjær Thomas Nordstrøm , Lykkeboe Simon , Handberg Aase , Gregersen Søren , Harsløf Torben , Pedersen Steen Bønløkke , Vestergaard Peter , Langdahl Bente Lomholt 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveMetabolic syndrome (MetS), type 1 diabetes (T1D), and type 2 diabetes, are associated with an increased risk of fractures; however, the impact of obesity on bone deficits in diabetes is unknown. We aimed to compare markers of bone structure, bone density, and bone turnover in non-diabetic overweight men with MetS and overweight men with T1D or T2D.Methods and Research DesignIn this cross-sectional study we included participants from two previously described study cohorts consisting of participants with diabetes and participants with MetS. Participants underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measuring areal bone mineral density (aBMD) at the hip and lumbar spine, High Resolution peripheral Quantitative (HRpQCT) scan of the tibia and radius and measurement of circulating bone turnover markers. We compared groups with unpaired t test and performed multiple linear regression with adjustment for age, body mass index, and smoking.ResultsWe included 33 participants with T1D, 25 participants with T2D, and 34 participants with MetS. Bone turnover markers levels were comparable between T1D and MetS. aBMD at the hip was lower in T1D compared to MetS, also after adjustment. P1NP and Osteocalcin levels were lower among individuals with T2D compared to MetS, whereas aBMD were similar between the groups after multiple adjustments. We observed no difference in volumetric BMD at the tibia or radius between MetS and T1D and T2D, respectively. Participants with T2D had a higher trabecular number and lower trabecular separation compared to individuals with MetS at the tibia, which remained signficant after multiple adjustments.ConclusionIn conclusion, we observed no clinically important differences in bone density or structure between men with T2D, T1D, or MetS. However, men with T2D displayed lower bone turnover compared to MetS highlighting that T2D per se and not obesity, is associated with low bone turnover.
The Application Value of the Central Lymph Node Metastasis Risk Assessment Model in Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma of Stage cN0: A Study of 828 Patients
Authors: Wang Jinqiu , Sheng Xianneng , Dai Yongping , Zhang Jiabo , Song Lihua , Guo Yu 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe aim of this study is to build a risk assessment system for central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) of stage cN0 and to explore its application value in clinical practice.MethodsA total of 500 patients with PTMC who underwent thyroid operation from 2013 to 2015 in Ningbo First Hospital were selected as the model group. Independent risk factors related to CLNM in PTMC were analyzed and determined, and a risk assessment system for CLNM was preliminarily established. Furthermore, the clinicopathological data from 328 PTMC patients with the same conditions as the model group from 2016 to 2017 were further collected as the validation group to verify the diagnostic value of the risk assessment system.ResultsThe risk assessment system was based on the score rating (score ≤ 5 was classified as low risk, 6–8 was classified as medium risk, and ≥9 was classified as high-risk). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was 0.687 (95% CI: 0.635–0.783). According to the risk assessment system, 328 PTMC patients in the validation group were scored. Among the low-risk group, the moderate-risk group, and the high-group, 96.8%, 58.1%, and 43.2% were the CLNM (-) patients, and 3.1%, 41.9%, and 65.8% were CLNM (+) patients, respectively. The area under ROC was 0.837 (95% CI: 0.778–0.869).ConclusionsThe risk assessment system in this study is of diagnostic value and can provide a theoretical foundation for intraoperative decision-making of prophylactic central neck dissection (pCND).
Case Report: Lessons Learned From Subsequent Autologous and Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantations in a Pediatric Patient With Relapsing Polychondritis
Authors: Veldkamp Saskia R. , Jansen Marc H. A. , Swart Joost F. , Lindemans Caroline A. 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundAutologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (autoHSCT) is increasingly being recognized as a treatment option for severe refractory autoimmune diseases (AD). However, efficacy is hampered by high relapse rates. In contrast, allogeneic HSCT (alloHSCT) has high potential to cure AD, but is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and data in AD are limited. Experience with autoHSCT in relapsing polychondritis, a rare episodic inflammatory disorder characterized by destruction of cartilage, is scarce and alloHSCT has not been described before.Case PresentationHere, we present a case of a 9-year-old girl who was diagnosed with relapsing polychondritis, with severe airway involvement requiring a tracheostomy. The disease proved to be steroid-dependent and refractory to a wide array of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and biologicals. After an autoHSCT procedure, the disease became inactive for a short period of time, until the patient experienced a relapse after 31 days, accompanied by repopulation of effector/memory CD8+ T cells. Because of persistent inflammation and serious steroid toxicity, including severe osteoporosis, growth restriction, and excessive weight gain, the patient was offered an alloHSCT. She experienced transient antibody-mediated immune events post-alloHSCT, which subsided after rituximab. She ultimately developed a balanced immune reconstitution and is currently still in long-term disease remission, 8 years after alloHSCT.ConclusionThis case adds to the few existing reports on autoHSCT in relapsing polychondritis and gives new insights in its pathogenesis, with a possible role for CD8+ T cells. Moreover, it is the first report of successful alloHSCT as a treatment for children with this severe autoimmune disease.
A Metabolism-Related Gene Landscape Predicts Prostate Cancer Recurrence and Treatment Response
Authors: Zhou Lijie , Fan Ruixin , Luo Yongbo , Zhang Cai , Jia Donghui , Wang Rongli , Zeng Youmiao , Ren Mengda , Du Kaixuan , Pan Wenbang , Yang Jinjian , Tian Fengyan , Gu Chaohui 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundProstate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignant tumor in men. Although clinical treatments of PCa have made great progress in recent decades, once tolerance to treatments occurs, the disease progresses rapidly after recurrence. PCa exhibits a unique metabolic rewriting that changes from initial neoplasia to advanced neoplasia. However, systematic and comprehensive studies on the relationship of changes in the metabolic landscape of PCa with tumor recurrence and treatment response are lacking. We aimed to construct a metabolism-related gene landscape that predicts PCa recurrence and treatment response.MethodsIn the present study, we used differentially expressed gene analysis, protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks, univariate and multivariate Cox regression, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression to construct and verify a metabolism-related risk model (MRM) to predict the disease-free survival (DFS) and response to treatment for PCa patients.ResultsThe MRM predicted patient survival more accurately than the current clinical prognostic indicators. By using two independent PCa datasets (International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) PCa and Taylor) and actual patients to test the model, we also confirmed that the metabolism-related risk score (MRS) was strongly related to PCa progression. Notably, patients in different MRS subgroups had significant differences in metabolic activity, mutant landscape, immune microenvironment, and drug sensitivity. Patients in the high-MRS group were more sensitive to immunotherapy and endocrine therapy, while patients in the low-MRS group were more sensitive to chemotherapy.ConclusionsWe developed an MRM, which might act as a clinical feature to more accurately assess prognosis and guide the selection of appropriate treatment for PCa patients. It is promising for further application in clinical practice.
The Interplay Between Cervicovaginal Microbial Dysbiosis and Cervicovaginal Immunity
Authors: Wang Ya , Wang Xiaoli , Zhu Meiling , Ge Li , Liu Xiaochen , Su Kaikai , Chen Zhengzheng , Zhao Weidong 
Published: March 2022

The cervicovaginal microbiota plays a key role in the health and reproductive outcomes of women. In reality epidemiological studies have demonstrated that there is an association between the structure of cervicovaginal microbiota and reproductive health, although key mechanistic questions regarding these effects remain unanswered and understanding the interplay between the immune system and the structure of the cervicovaginal microbiota. Here, we review existing literature relating to the potential mechanisms underlying the interaction between vaginal microbes and the immune system; we also describe the composition and function of the microbiome and explain the mechanisms underlying the interactions between these microbial communities and various aspects of the immune system. Finally, we also discuss the diseases that are caused by disorders of the reproductive tract and how the immune system is involved. Finally, based on the data presented in this review, the future perspectives in research directions and therapeutic opportunities are explored.
Hyperopia-Correcting Phototherapeutic Keratectomy and Its Comparison With Conventional Phototherapeutic Keratectomy
Authors: Hayakawa Hideki , Kamiya Kazutaka , Tsujisawa Tatsuhiko , Takahashi Masahide , Shoji Nobuyuki 
Published: March 2022

PurposeTo evaluate hyperopia-correcting phototherapeutic keratectomy (HC-PTK) and to compare the visual and refractive outcomes of HC-PTK and conventional PTK.MethodsThis study comprised a total of 72 eyes of 72 consecutive patients who underwent HC-PTK and conventional PTK for granular corneal dystrophy or band-shaped keratopathy. Preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively, we assessed visual acuity, manifest refraction, and mean keratometry, as well as postoperative corneal higher-order aberrations and adverse events in each PTK group, and compared these metrics between the two groups.ResultsLogMAR BSCVA significantly improved from 0.43 ± 0.47 preoperatively to 0.21 ± 0.38 postoperatively in the HC-PTK group (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, p &lt; 0.001). It was also significantly improved from 0.22 ± 0.21 preoperatively to 0.15 ± 0.12 postoperatively in the conventional PTK group (p = 0.031). Mean refraction significantly changed from 0.27 ± 1.55 diopter (D) preoperatively to 0.50 ± 1.77 D postoperatively, in the HC-PTK group (p = 0.313). By contrast, it was significantly hyperopic from −0.15 ± 2.41 D preoperatively to 1.45 ± 2.46 D postoperatively, in the conventional PTK group (p &lt; 0.001). No significant complications occurred in any case during the follow-up period.ConclusionBoth HC-PTK and conventional PTK showed a significant improvement of BSCVA and no vision-threatening complications at any time in this series. HC-PTK significantly reduced a hyperopic shift in refraction compared with conventional PTK, suggesting its viability for patients requiring PTK, especially in consideration of preventing this hyperopic issue.