bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐calibrated through‐time spiral GRAPPA for real‐time, free‐breathing evaluation of left ventricular function
Authors: Franson Dominique , Ahad James , Liu Yuchi , Fyrdahl Alexander , Truesdell William , Hamilton Jesse , Seiberlich Nicole 
Published: October 2022

PurposeThrough‐time spiral GRAPPA is a real‐time imaging technique that enables ungated, free‐breathing evaluation of the left ventricle. However, it requires a separate fully‐sampled calibration scan to calculate GRAPPA weights. A self‐calibrated through‐time spiral GRAPPA method is proposed that uses a specially designed spiral trajectory with interleaved arm ordering such that consecutive undersampled frames can be merged to form calibration data, eliminating the separate fully‐sampled acquisition.Theory and MethodsThe proposed method considers the time needed to acquire data at all points in a GRAPPA calibration kernel when using interleaved arm ordering. Using this metric, simulations were performed to design a spiral trajectory for self‐calibrated GRAPPA. Data were acquired in healthy volunteers using the proposed method and a comparison electrocardiogram‐gated and breath‐held cine scan. Left ventricular functional values and image quality are compared.ResultsA 12‐arm spiral trajectory was designed with a temporal resolution of 32.72 ms/cardiac phase with an acceleration factor of 3. Functional values calculated using the proposed method and the gold‐standard method were not statistically significantly different (paired t‐test, p < 0.05). Image quality ratings were lower for the proposed method, with statistically significantly different ratings (Wilcoxon signed rank test, p < 0.05) for two of five image quality aspects rated (level of artifact, blood‐myocardium contrast).ConclusionsA self‐calibrated through‐time spiral GRAPPA reconstruction can enable ungated, free‐breathing evaluation of the left ventricle in 71 s. Functional values are equivalent to a gold‐standard cine technique, although some aspects of image quality may be inferior due to the real‐time nature of the data collection.
Axisymmetric diffusion kurtosis imaging with Rician bias correction: A simulation study
Authors: Oeschger Jan Malte , Tabelow Karsten , Mohammadi Siawoosh 
Published: October 2022

PurposeTo compare the estimation accuracy of axisymmetric diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and standard DKI in combination with Rician bias correction (RBC).MethodsAxisymmetric DKI is more robust against noise‐induced variation in the measured signal than standard DKI because of its reduced parameter space. However, its susceptibility to Rician noise bias at low signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNR) is unknown. Here, we investigate two main questions: first, does RBC improve estimation accuracy of axisymmetric DKI?; second, is estimation accuracy of axisymmetric DKI increased compared to standard DKI? Estimation accuracy was investigated on the five axisymmetric DKI tensor metrics (AxTM): the parallel and perpendicular diffusivity and kurtosis and mean of the kurtosis tensor, using a noise simulation study based on synthetic data of tissues with varying fiber alignment and in‐vivo data focusing on white matter.ResultsRBC mainly increased accuracy for the parallel AxTM in tissues with highly to moderately aligned fibers. For the perpendicular AxTM, axisymmetric DKI without RBC performed slightly better than with RBC. However, the combination of axisymmetric DKI with RBC was the overall best performing algorithm across all five AxTM in white matter and axisymmetric DKI itself substantially improved accuracy in axisymmetric tissues with low fiber alignment.ConclusionCombining axisymmetric DKI with RBC facilitates accurate DKI parameter estimation at unprecedented low SNRs () in white matter, possibly making it a valuable tool for neuroscience and clinical research studies where scan time is a limited resource. The tools used here are available in the open‐source ACID toolbox for SPM.
Association between functional recovery and medication adherence in schizophrenia
Authors: Ishii Junpei , Kodaka Fumitoshi , Miyata Hisatsugu , Yamadera Wataru , Seto Hikaru , Higuchi Hidejiro , Tsuruoka Yoshiaki , Shigeta Masahiro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimMedication adherence is important for achieving functional recovery from schizophrenia and is commonly assessed using the Drug Attitude Inventory‐30 (DAI‐30). Subscales of the DAI‐30, including “awareness of the need for medication,” “awareness of the effects of psychiatric drugs,” and “impression of medication,” have been used to assess medication adherence. To determine which of these subscales are associated with the prognosis of schizophrenia, this study followed patients with schizophrenia to identify the prognosis and examine the subscales related to “recovery.”MethodsIn total, 89 patients were recruited, 78 of whom were registered in the study. After assessing adherence using the DAI‐30, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and Global Assessment of Functioning scores were assessed at 0 and 24 week to define the functional prognosis.ResultsAt the end of the 24‐week follow‐up period, 36% of patients showed recovery from schizophrenia. A comparison of subscales revealed that the score for “impression of medication” was significantly higher in the recovery than in the non‐recovery group. Logistic regression analysis identified only the “impression of medication” score as being predictive of recovery.ConclusionThe results indicated that among the three DAI‐30 subscales, “impression of medication” was the most closely associated with recovery in patients with schizophrenia.
Prolonged phloem feeding by the spotted lanternfly, an invasive planthopper, alters resource allocation and inhibits gas exchange in grapevines
Authors: Harner Andrew D. , Leach Heather L. , Briggs Lauren , Centinari Michela 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSpotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula White; SLF) is a phloem‐feeding planthopper invasive to the Eastern United States that can feed on a range of wild and cultivated plant species. Since its 2014 introduction in the United States, large infestations and subsequent economic damage have been reported in cultivated grapevines, but no studies have detailed grapevine physiological responses to SLF phloem feeding. This study investigated grapevine‐SLF interactions, detailing how different infestation densities affect leaf gas exchange and end‐season concentrations of nonstructural carbohydrates and nitrogen in vegetative and perennial tissues of two Vitis species. Effects on fruit ripeness parameters and dormant bud freeze tolerance were examined, in addition to other year‐after effects. Phloem feeding by low densities (≤4 SLF shoot−1) had minimal effects, whereas greater densities (5–15 SLF shoot−1) increasingly affected carbohydrate and nitrogen dynamics in both Vitis species. Phloem feeding substantially affected starch and, to a lesser extent, total nitrogen concentrations of woody roots. Prolonged exposure strongly reduced leaf gas exchange. We conclude that intensive late‐season phloem feeding by large adult SLF population densities (≥8 SLF shoot−1) can induce carbon limitation, with the potential for negative year‐after effects in cases of severe belowground carbon depletion. This work presents novel insights into SLF‐grapevine interactions, identifies avenues of future SLF‐plant research, and assists the development of action thresholds for SLF management in vineyards.
Effect of curcumin on regulatory B cells in chronic colitis mice involving TLR/MyD88 signaling pathway
Authors: Huang Jie , Wu Tiantian , Zhong Youbao , Huang Jiaqi , Kang Zengping , Zhou Bugao , Zhao Haimei , Liu Duanyong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCurcumin (Cur) is a natural active phenolic compound extracted from the root of Curcuma Longa L. It has anti‐inflammatory, anti‐tumor and other pharmacological activities, and is commonly used to treat ulcerative colitis (UC). However, it is not clear whether curcumin regulates the function and differentiation of Breg cells to treat UC. In this study, mice with chronic colitis were induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), and treated with curcumin for 12 days. Curcumin effectively improved the body weight, colonic weight, colonic length, decreased colonic weight index and pathological injury score under colonoscopy in mice with chronic colitis, and significantly inhibited the production of IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐33, CCL‐2, IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, and promoted the secretion of IL‐4, IL‐10, IL‐13 and IgA. Importantly, curcumin markedly upregulated CD3−CD19+CD1d+, CD3−CD19+CD25+, CD3−CD19+Foxp3+Breg cells level and significantly down‐regulated CD3−CD19+PD‐L1+, CD3−CD19+tim‐1+, CD3−CD19+ CD27+ Breg cells level. In addition, our results also showed that curcumin observably inhibited TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, MyD88, IRAK4, p‐IRAK4, NF‐κB P65, IRAK1, TRAF6, TAB1, TAB2, TAK1, MKK3, MKK6, p38MAPK, p‐p38MAPK and CREB expression in TLR/MyD88 signaling pathway. These results suggest that curcumin can regulate the differentiation and function of Breg cell to alleviate DSS‐induced colitis, which may be realized by inhibiting TLR/MyD88 pathway.
Frequentist model averaging for zero‐inflated Poisson regression models
Authors: Zhou Jianhong , Wan Alan T. K. , Yu Dalei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper considers frequentist model averaging for estimating the unknown parameters of the zero‐inflated Poisson regression model. Our proposed weight choice procedure is based on the minimization of an unbiased estimator of a conditional quadratic loss function. We prove that the resulting model average estimator enjoys optimal asymptotic property and improves finite sample properties over the two commonly used information‐based model selection estimators and their model average estimators via simulation studies. The proposed method is illustrated by a real data example.
Modified silica to strengthening and toughening soft polyvinyl chloride
Authors: Han Kehui , Shi Xinyan , Su Yupeng , Chen Yanlu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractModifying nanoparticles for polymer nanocomposites is important for multifunctional and low‐cost developmental direction. However, nanoparticles have several deficiencies, such as dispersion, agglomeration, and poor binding ability with most polymers. This work used soft polyvinyl chloride (PVC with 33.1% plasticizer volume) as the matrix. Polycaprolactone (PCL) was synthesized on the surface of SiO2 by the bridging effect of silane coupling agent (SiO2‐PCL), which was expected to improve the bond strength between SiO2 and soft PVC matrix. Moreover, it enhanced the dispersion of SiO2 in the PVC matrix. The results revealed that SiO2‐PCL was nanodispersed in a soft PVC matrix and played a plasticizer role in the composite, which enhanced the tensile strength and elongation at break of PVC composites. The thermal stability and solvent extraction stability of PVC composites elevated with the increase of SiO2‐PCL content. When the content of SiO2‐PCL was 8 wt%, the tensile strength (14.54 MPa) and elongation at break (149.47%) of PVC composites were the highest, 64.36% and 60.48% higher than those of unfilled PVC, respectively. It was indicated that PVC composites were dramatically toughened and strengthened by modified SiO2, improving their overall performance.
The Stacking Faulted Nature of the Narrow Gap Semiconductor Sc2Si2Te6
Authors: Pielnhofer Florian , Bette Sebastian , Eger Roland , Duppel Viola , Nuss Jürgen , Dolle Christian , Dinnebier Robert E. , Lotsch Bettina V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCrystals of Sc2Si2Te6 have been grown and its crystal, micro‐ and electronic structures were investigated. The layered character of the title compound exhibits stacking faults that impede a full structural characterization by single crystal X‐ray diffraction due to diffuse scattering. Based on high resolution transmission electron micrographs and diffraction patterns, the stacking faulted nature of the real structure of Sc2Si2Te6 has been revealed. Different stacking models were derived from the idealized, faultless structure and the stacking disorder was quantitatively analyzed by Rietveld refinement of powder X‐ray diffraction patterns. An energetic comparison of the stacking models by density functional theory is in line with the experimental observations. Further, the bonding situation was investigated by electronic structure calculations. Sc2Si2Te6 is a narrow gap semiconductor with an indirect band gap of 0.65 eV.
Elmer the Elephant in the Zoom Room? Reflections on Parenting, Book Accessibility, and Screen Time in a Pandemic
Authors: Norrick-Rühl Corinna 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected children and their families. One of the many challenges families faced was limited or no access to age-appropriate reading material. On the one hand, sales data show that sales of children’s books, in particular activity books, increased markedly during lockdowns. On the other hand, spaces which grant children and families free access to books, such as daycare centers, schools, and public libraries, were closed for weeks at a time. This chapter sketches out the central role of books and reading in families as a pathway to literacy, education, and general well-being and draws on concepts such as book deserts and “book hunger” (Shaver 2020), before discussing the repercussions of limited book accessibility for families during the pandemic. Educational experts have hypothesized that children will experience a “COVID slide” in reading and that existing inequalities in reading progress will be exacerbated by prolonged shutdowns. The contribution also shows, however, how institutions and foundations, as well as individuals, have made books available to children and families in creative and pragmatic ways despite COVID-induced restrictions.
Accelerated In Vitro Propagation of Sweetpotato Clones (Ipomoea batatas L.)
Authors: Vollmer R. , Espirilla J. , Sánchez J. C. , Arroyo L. , Flores G. , Rojas A. , Anglin N. L. , Kreuze J. , Ellis D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFast and reliable propagation of plant material is an important need in different stages of breeding programs and production systems. In vitro propagation ensures that pathogen- and virus-free plants stay phytosanitary clean over time while providing high multiplication rates. Using liquid instead of solid culture medium can reduce the interval of individual propagation cycles and contributes to speeding up of the process (1.5–2.5 times), especially during the initial growth phase of the plants. Sophisticated immersion systems have been developed for many plant species, but they are difficult to apply when hundreds or thousands of different genotypes are propagated simultaneously. Additionally, these systems require a high input of technical equipment, know-how and experience to avoid bacterial or fungal contamination during the propagation process. The following protocol describes a low-input suspension technique that combines the use of liquid and solid medium, and permits the successful propagation of genetically diverse sweetpotato genotypes [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] with a high multiplication rate. As sweetpotato is an important staple crop in low-income/technology countries of Africa, Asia, and South America, the described method may find valuable application for the breeding programs in these regions.
Theory for Invisible Thermal Sensors: Optimization Scheme
Authors: Xu Liu-Jun , Huang Ji-Ping 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMetamaterial-based devices have been extensively explored for their intriguing functions, such as cloaking, concentrating, rotating, and sensing. However, they are usually achieved by employing metamaterials with extreme parameters, critically restricting engineering preparation. In this chapter, we propose an optimization model with particle swarm algorithms to simplify parametric designs to realize bilayer thermal sensors composed of bulk isotropic materials (circular structure). For this purpose, the fitness function is defined to evaluate the difference between the actual and expected temperatures. By choosing suitable materials for different regions and treating the sensor, inner shell, and outer shell radii as design variables, we finally minimize the fitness function via particle swarm optimization. The designed scheme is easy to implement in applications and shows excellent performances in detective accuracy and thermal invisibility, which are confirmed by finite-element simulations and laboratory experiments. The optimization model can also be flexibly extended to a square case. This method can calculate numerical solutions for difficult analytical theories (circular structure) and optimal solutions for problems without analytical theories (such as square structure), providing new inspiration for simplifying the design of metamaterials in various communities.
Theory for Thermal Wave Refraction: Advection Regulation
Authors: Xu Liu-Jun , Huang Ji-Ping 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, we study thermal waves of conduction and advection and further design advection-assisted metamaterials to realize the positive, vertical, and negative refraction of thermal waves. These results have a phenomenological analog of electromagnetic wave refraction despite different mechanisms. The negative refraction of thermal waves means that the incident and refractive thermal waves are on the same side of the normal, but the wave vector and energy flow are still in the same direction. As a model application, we apply the refractive behavior to design a thermal wave concentrator that can increase wave numbers and energy flows. This work provides insights into thermal wave manipulation, which may have potential thermal imaging applications.
Theory for Thermal Edge States: Graphene-Like Convective Lattice
Authors: Xu Liu-Jun , Huang Ji-Ping 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, we reveal that edge states are not necessarily limited to wave systems but can also exist in convection-diffusion systems that are essentially different from wave systems. For this purpose, we study heat transfer in a graphene-like (or honeycomb) lattice to demonstrate thermal edge states with robustness against defects and disorders. Convection is compared to electron cyclotron, which breaks space-reversal symmetry and determines the direction of thermal edge propagation. Diffusion leads to interference-like behavior between opposite convections, preventing bulk temperature propagation. We also display thermal unidirectional interface states between two lattices with opposite convection. These results extend the physics of edge states beyond wave systems.
Double holography in string theory
Authors: Karch Andreas , Sun Hao-Yu , Uhlemann Christoph F. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We develop the notion of double holography in Type IIB string theory realizations of braneworld models. The Type IIB setups are based on the holographic duals of 4d BCFTs comprising 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM on a half space coupled to 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SCFTs on the boundary. Based on the concrete BCFTs and their brane construction, we provide microscopic realizations of the intermediate holographic description, obtained by dualizing only the 3d degrees of freedom. Triggered by recent observations in bottom-up models, we discuss the causal structures in the full BCFT duals and intermediate descriptions. This confirms qualitative features found in the bottom-up models but suggests a refinement of their interpretation.
Localization vs holography in 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 quiver theories
Authors: Billò M. , Frau M. , Lerda A. , Pini A. , Vallarino P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We study 4-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superconformal quiver gauge theories obtained with an orbifold projection from $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM, and compute the 2- and 3-point correlation functions among chiral/anti-chiral single-trace scalar operators and the corresponding structure constants. Exploiting localization, we map the computation to an interacting matrix model and obtain expressions for the correlators and the structure constants that are valid for any value of the ’t Hooft coupling in the planar limit of the theory. At strong coupling, these expressions simplify and allow us to extract the leading behavior in an analytic way. Finally, using the AdS/CFT correspondence, we compute the structure constants from the dual supergravity theory and obtain results that perfectly match the strong-coupling predictions from localization.
Double brane holographic model dual to 2d ICFTs
Authors: Baig Saba Asif , Karch Andreas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A minimal single brane holographic model can be used as a dual to 2d conformal interfaces (ICFTs) to calculate the transmission coefficient $$ \mathcal{T} $$
T
of energy transported across the defect as well as boundary entropy log g, the additional entanglement entropy for some sub-region that encloses the defect. Both $$ \mathcal{T} $$
T
and log g are uniquely determined by the tension characterizing the brane. In contrast, in field theory defects typically the transmission coefficient can be dialed from 0 to 1 independently for each allowed value of log g. To address this discrepancy, we look at a double brane (3-region bulk) holographic model. Merger of two single brane interfaces creates genuinely new interfaces which indeed allow a range of accessible transmission coefficients for a fixed value of log g. In particular, the $$ \mathcal{T} $$
T
= 0 limit of two completely decoupled BCFTs can be achieved.
Crystal plasticity model of induction heating-assisted incremental sheet forming with recrystallisation simulation in cellular automata
Authors: Li Weining , Li Sheng , Li Xuexiong , Xu Dongsheng , Shao Yinghui , Attallah Moataz M. , Essa Khamis 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
To relate the thermomechanical behaviour and microstructural evolution of the heat-assisted incremental sheet forming (SPIF) for Ti–6Al–4 V sheet, multi-scale models based on crystal plasticity finite element model (CPFEM), representative elementary volume (RVE), and cellular automaton (CA) were established in this article. An experimental-scale CPFEM was built in advance to provide macrograin level strain, strain rate, and temperature output data, which were then used in RVE and CA as inputs to simulate the microstructural evolution throughout the SPIF process. The output results include the pole figures, dynamic recrystallisation (DRX) maps, and statistics results of the alpha (α) phase of the Ti–6Al–4 V (α-Ti) alloy from stage to stage throughout the 700 $$^\circ{\rm C}$$

∘

C

SPIF. The obtained statistics results of dislocation density, grain orientation angles, and grain size were verified with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The CA analysis of the DRX progress at the upper, centre, and lower regions of the deformed workpiece has discovered that the incremental increase of the strain rate has significant effects on the dislocation density that produced a proportional relationship to the DRX percentage. The results revealed that the strain rate has strong domination in affecting the slip of grains orientation, which overcomes the effect of temperature increase in this SPIF process. Furthermore, it was found that a large amount of DRXed grains were generated at the grain boundaries, which reduced the mean grain size and increased the DRX percentage, which produced an inversely proportional relationship to the dislocation density. The thermomechanical behaviour on the SPIF workpiece was increased incrementally, which is insufficient for DRX initiation in the upper region, and the behaviour was enhanced at the centre and lower region, which can be corresponded to the microstructural evolution throughout the process.