bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Experiences of Social Scientists in Medical Education Research: A Narrative Inquiry
Authors: Kang Nia , McMurtry Angus , Moreau Katherine 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Although medical education research (MER) has been gaining recognition as an important area of research, the need for a social sciences perspective in such research is not always well understood. Available literature on the career progression of researchers in MER - with regards to factors like academic promotion and job satisfaction - have been largely limited to clinician or biomedical researchers. Thus, this narrative study aimed to explore and describe the experiences of social scientists developing careers within MER units housed in Canadian medical schools. It included semi-structured interviews with six faculty members of MER units in three Canadian medical departments. The data was then thematically analyzed, revealing the following themes: 1) challenges are systematic in nature but rewards tend to be interpersonal; 2) the development of MER units have helped improve social scientists’ experiences in MER; 3) interdisciplinary and interprofessional interactions act as both the greatest challenge and reward of a social scientist’s career in MER; 4) social scientists’ perceived experiences in MER are influenced by their perceived impact on institutional change; and 5) social scientists in MER retain and advocate for their identity as social scientists, but individual differences exist in the perceived gratification of advocacy work. The findings suggest the need for more interprofessional collaborations within and outside of MER to support systematic change in favour of an inclusive research environment, especially in departmental leadership and decision-making roles. Furthermore, there is a pressing need to implement standards within medical departments to recognize the contributions of social scientists to knowledge translation and mentorship.
Determinants of Non-Oil Import in Nigeria From 1981 – 2016
Authors: Quadri Salisu Temitope 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study investigated the determinant of non-oil import in Nigeria from 1981 – 2016 using Hechscher Ohlin theory. Different diagnostic test was carried out which include unit root test, co-integration test and Error correction model. The Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Philip-Peron unit root test was also carried out to check the long run and short run relationship of the variables. Co-integration test was carried out to determine if there is the existence of a long-run association between the variables. The ECM method was used to provide the relationship between the explanatory variables and the dependent variable. The ECM results revealed that factor abundance, gross domestic product and inflation are statistically significant while exchange rate and total reserve are statistically insignificant. Also, the result of the study revealed that all the explanatory variables are positively related to non-oil import in Nigeria except gross domestic product which is negatively related to non-oil import.
Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor of the uterine cervix identified on the liquid-based cytology: a case report
Authors: Tang Xiao , Feng Min , Shen Yangmei , Chen Qijun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Perivascular epithelioid cell tumours (PEComa) occurring in the female genital tract are rare, typically found in the uterine corpus. PEComa occurring in the cervix are extremely rare, and very few cases have been reported till now.Cytological diagnosis of cervical PEComa is even rarer. So far, only two cases of PEComa diagnosed by conventional cervical smears have been reported.
Case presentation: A 55-year-old postmenopausal women presented with abnormal vagina discharges for three months. Then, a liquid-based cytology test was performed. Microscopically, some loosely cohesive epithelioid cells were uniform with abundant clear cytoplasm, showed predominantly round or oval nuclei with finely stippled chromatin, and distinct round nucleoli were visible in some cells, notably with numerous melanin pigments in the cytoplasm. The cytopathological features were well correlated with cell blocks and histopathological findings. Upon immunohistochemistry, the tumor cells were positive for HMB45, TFE3, focally positive for MelanA, while negative for muscle marker. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) confirmed TFE3 gene rearrangement. The final pathological diagnosis was PEComa identified by the liquid-based cytology, cell blocks, immunohistochemistry and FISH. The patient underwent a total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and was followed up for two years with no evidence of disease.
Conclusion: The cytologic characteristics of the tumor may provide sufficient clues for diagnosing a PEComa, including loosely cohesive, epithelioid morphology with abundant clear cytoplasm or eosinophilic cytoplasm, low-grade nuclear atypia, cytoplasmic melanin pigment. That will help cytopathologists recognize this rare tumor that occurred in the cervix, combined with results of other detection methods, can achieve the definitive diagnosis of PEComa.
Persistent bacteremia predicts poor outcomes among neutropenic patients with carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bloodstream infections receiving appropriate therapy
Authors: S Abi Manesh , George Mithun Mohan , Bhanuprasad Kundakarla , John Grace Mary , Korula Anu , Abraham Aby , Mathews Vikram , Kulkarni Uday Prakash , Shankar Chaitra , Premkumar Prasanna Samuel , Chacko Binila , Subramani K , Varghese George M , Balaji V , George Biju 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Identifying persistent bacteremia early in patients with neutropenia may improve outcome. This study evaluated the role of follow-up blood cultures (FUBC) positivity in predicting outcomes among patients with neutropenia and carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bloodstream infections (CRGNBSI).
Methods
This retrospective cohort study conducted between December 2017 and April 2022 included patients more than 15 years old with neutropenia and CRGNBSI, who survived for ≥ 48 hours, receiving appropriate antibiotic therapy and had FUBCs. Patients with polymicrobial bacteremia within 30 days were excluded. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Persistent bacteremia, septic shock, recovery from neutropenia, prolonged or profound neutropenia, requirement of intensive care and dialysis, and initiation of appropriate empirical therapy were also studied.
Results
The 30-day mortality rate was 47.7%. Persistent bacteremia was common in our patient cohort (43.8%). The median time for sending a FUBC was 2 days (IQR, 1–3 days). Patients with persistent bacteremia had higher mortality than those without (56.76% versus 32.1%; p < 0.001). Appropriate initial empirical therapy was given to 70.9%. Recovery from neutropenia occurred in 57.4% while 25.8% had prolonged or profound neutropenia. Sixty-nine percent had septic shock and needed intensive care; 12.2% of patients required dialysis. Non-recovery from neutropenia (aHR, 4.28; 95% CI, 2.53–7.23), presence of septic shock (aHR, 4.42; 95%CI, 1.47–13.28), requirement of intensive care (aHR,3.12;95%CI, 1.23–7.93), and persistent bacteremia (aHR,1.74; 95%CI, 1.05–2.89) significantly predicted poor outcomes in multivariable analysis.
Conclusion
FUBC showing persistent bacteremia predicted poor outcomes among neutropenic patients with carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bloodstream infections (CRGNBSI) and should be routinely reported.
Bile metabolites as diagnostic biomarkers for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang DengYong , Zhao GuanRu , Sun Wanliang , Wang Dongdong , Zhou Shuo , Liu Zhong , Lu Zheng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
It is difficult to directly obtain pathological diagnosis of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA). Analysis of bile in the pCCA microenvironment, based on metabolomics and statistical methods, can help in clinical diagnosis. Clinical information, bile samples, blood liver function, blood CA199, CEA, and other indicators were collected from 33 patients with pCCA and 16 patients with gallstones. Bile samples were analyzed using non-targeted metabolomics methods, and a clinical diagnosis model was constructed using multivariate analysis technology. Through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment and differential metabolite remodeling, we explored changes in the pCCA pathway and potential therapeutic targets. There were significant differences in patient blood TBIL, ALT, AST, TBA, CA19-9, and CEA indices (p<0.05, |log2(fc)|≥1) between two groups. A significant correlation was found between these different indicators by Spearman's analysis. The clinical parameters were correlated with mass-to-charge ratios of 305 (Positive Ion Mode, POS) and 246 (Negative Ion Mode, NEG) in the metabolic group (| r | ≥ 0.7, P ≤ 10–7). Cross-validation and external validation results showed that the recognition accuracy of the multivariate receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) discriminant model for pCCA was 0.991 (POS) and 1 (NEG). The differential metabolites significantly affected bile secretion, cofactor biosynthesis, and amino-acid metabolism. Bile metabolomics combined with statistical analysis techniques can be used to accurately diagnose pCCA.
A Latent Class Analysis of Health Behavior Changes after Cancer Diagnosis among Hispanic/Latino Cancer Survivors
Authors: Esqu Blanca Noriega , George Sara St. , Moreno Patricia , Lee Tae , Munoz Edgar , Lad Thomas , Pollack Allan , Hollowell Courtney , Ramirez Amelie , Penedo Frank 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
We aimed to identify subgroups of Hispanic/Latino (H/L) cancer survivors with distinct health behavior patterns and their associated sociodemographic, medical, and psychosocial characteristics.
Methods
Baseline data was used from a randomized clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of an enhanced patient navigation intervention in H/L cancer survivors. Participants (n = 278) completed the Lifestyle Behavior Scale and validated questionnaires on health-related quality of life (HRQOL), supportive care needs, distress, and satisfaction with cancer care. Latent class analysis was used to determine the latent classes and associated characteristics.
Results
Three latent classes emerged: Class 1 (survivors who increased health behaviors [e.g., exercising and eating healthy] since diagnosis); Class 2 (no changes in health behaviors since diagnosis); and Class 3 (a “mixed class,” with a higher or lower engagement across various health behaviors since diagnosis). Participants in class 1 were significantly more educated and less likely to be foreign born. Participants in class 2 were significantly older and more likely to have prostate cancer. H/L cancer survivors in class 3 had a significantly lower income, were less educated, and reported greater unmet supportive care needs, more distress, and poorer HRQOL.
Conclusions
Survivors who report engaging in health behaviors less frequently since diagnosis may be experiencing psychosocial challenges and health disparities.
Implications for Cancer Survivors:
Hispanic/Latino cancer survivors may benefit from screening for social determinants of health and mental health needs, prompt referral to supportive care services, community resources and public services, and participating in culturally-informed psychosocial interventions to address their unique needs.
Fast and simple evaluation of the chemical composition and macroelements of xylem and bark of sweet cherry branches based on FTIR and XPS
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Jiang Yahua , Liu Yu , Li Quan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe branch waste of sweet cherry trees is an organic byproduct that is inevitably produced during the pruning process. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to analyze and compare the differences in the chemical composition and the presence of macroelements of sweet cherry branches. The FTIR absorption spectra were analyzed, and the following absorption peaks were found: 1632 cm-1 for lignin, 1740 cm-1and 1244 cm-1 for hemicellulose, and 1316 cm-1 for holocellulose. The results showed that the lignin content in the bark was higher than that in the xylem, and the content of hemicellulose and holocellulose in the xylem was higherthan that in the bark. The XPS survey showed that the contents of C-C (9.89% and 15.59%, respectively) and C=O (31.52% and 15.59%, respectively) in xylem and bark were quite different; the xylem had a higher cellulose content, while the bark had a higher lignin content. In the xylem, the proportion of C-O was the largest (12.55%), while in the bark, the proportion of C=O was the highest (5.93%). The research results are significant for revealing the chemical composition and structural morphology of the xylem and bark of sweet cherry branches.
Assessing the state of rainwater for consumption in a community in dire need of clean water: Human and health risk using HERisk
Authors: Tenebe Imokhai Theophilus , Emenike PraiseGod C. , Babatunde E.O. , Neris J. B. , Fred-Ahmadu Omowunmi H. , Dede-Bamfo Nathaniel , Etu Egbe-Etu , Ogarekpe Nkpa M. , Emakhu Joshua , Benson Nsikak U. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study examines the case of Ekpoma community, Edo State, Nigeria, where roof-harvested rainwater is the primary source of water for drinking and domestic purposes. Eight potentially toxic elements (PTEs), namely aluminum, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, lead, and zinc, were detected in rainwater samples, collected and analyzed from 54 sampling locations across the community. The elemental concentrations were quantified using atomic absorption spectrophotometry and compared using the regulatory standards of the World Health Organization, United States Environmental Protection Agency, and Nigerian Drinking Water Quality Standards. The PTEs detected in the rainwater samples can be attributed to the nature of the materials used in the roof catchment systems, storage tank conditions, anthropogenic effects from industrial and agricultural processes, and fossil fuel emissions. However, only 20% of the evaluated samples contained PTE concentrations below the allowable regulatory limits. Spatio-temporal health risk analysis conducted using HERisk software showed that children in the development phase (1–18 years) are most vulnerable to health risks in the community. After age 18, the risk increased by approximately 10% and remained constant until old age. In addition, the evaluation of the studied sites showed that 33% of the evaluated sites had negligible carcinogenic risks, while the other 61% were sites with low carcinogenic risks to residents.
Modelling Parkinson's Disease in C. elegans: Strengths and Limitations
Authors: Ma Liang , Li Xi , Liu Chengyu , Yan Wanyao , Ma Jinlu , Petersen Robert B. , Peng Anlin , Huang Kun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease that affects the motor system and
progressively worsens with age. Current treatment options for PD mainly target symptoms, due to our limited
understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of PD. A variety of preclinical models have been developed
to study different aspects of the disease. The models have been used to elucidate the pathogenesis and for testing
new treatments. These models include cell models, non-mammalian models, rodent models, and non-human
primate models. Over the past few decades, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) has been widely adopted as a
model system due to its small size, transparent body, short generation time and life cycle, fully sequenced
genome, the tractability of genetic manipulation and suitability for large scale screening for disease modifiers.
Here, we review studies using C. elegans as a model for PD and highlight the strengths and limitations of the
C. elegans model. Various C. elegans PD models, including neurotoxin-induced models and genetic models,
are described in detail. Moreover, methodologies employed to investigate neurodegeneration and phenotypic
deficits in C. elegans are summarized.
Characteristics of BAY 2599023 in the Current Treatment Landscape of
Hemophilia A Gene Therapy
Authors: Pipe Steven W. , Arruda Valder R. , Lange Claudia , Kitchen Stephen , Eichler Hermann , Wadsworth Samuel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
Hemophilia A, a single gene disorder leading to deficient Factor VIII (FVIII), is a suitable candidate for gene therapy. The aspiration is for single administration of a genetic therapy that would allow production of endogenous FVIII sufficient to restore hemostasis and other biological processes. This would potentially result in reliable protection from bleeding, and its associated physical and emotional impacts. Gene therapy offers the possibility of a clinically relevant improvement in disease phenotype and transformational improvement in quality of life, including an opportunity to engage in physical activities more confidently. Gene therapy products for hemophilia A in advanced clinical development use adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors and a codon optimized B-domain deleted FVIII transgene. However, the different AAV-based gene therapies have distinct design features such as choice of vector capsid, enhancer and promoter regions, FVIII transgene sequence and manufacturing processes (summarized in the graphic abstract). These, in turn, impact patient eligibility, safety and efficacy. Ideally, gene therapy technology for hemophilia A should offer bleed protection, durable FVIII expression, broad eligibility and limited response variability between patients, and long-term safety. However, several limitations and challenges must be overcome. Here, we introduce the characteristics of the BAY 2599023 (AAVhu37.hFVIIIco, DTX 201) gene therapy product, including the low prevalence in the general population of anti-AAV-hu37 antibodies, as well as other gene therapy AAV products and approaches. We will examine how these can potentially meet the challenges of gene therapy, with the ultimate aim of improving the lives of patients with hemophilia A.
Boosting Mitochondrial Potential: An Imperative Therapeutic Intervention in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Dhasmana Swati , Dhasmana Anupam , Kotnala Sudhir , Mangtani Varsha , Narula Acharan S. , Haque Shafiul , Jaggi Meena , Yallapu Murali M. , Chauhan Subhash C. 
Published: September 2022

Background:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and terminal neurodegenerative disorder. Mitochondrial dysfunction, imbalance of cellular bioenergetics, electron chain transportation and calcium homeostasis are deeply associated with the progression of this disease. Impaired mitochondrial functions are crucial in rapid neurodegeneration. The mitochondria of ALS patients are associated with deregulated Ca2+ homeostasis and elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress. Overload of mitochondrial calcium and ROS production leads to glutamatereceptor mediated neurotoxicity. This implies mitochondria are an attractive therapeutic target.Objective:The aim of this review is to brief the latest developments in the understanding of mitochondrial pathogenesis in ALS and emphasize the restorative capacity of therapeutic candidates.Results:In ALS, mitochondrial dysfunction is a well-known phenomenon. Various therapies targeted towards mitochondrial dysfunction aim at decreasing ROS generation, increasing mitochondrial biogenesis, and inhibiting apoptotic pathways. Some of the therapies briefed in this review may be categorized as synthetic, natural compounds, genetic materials, and cellular therapies.Conclusion:The overarching goals of mitochondrial therapies in ALS are to benefit ALS patients by slowing down the disease progression and prolonging overall survival. Despite various therapeutic approaches, there are many hurdles in the development of a successful therapy due to the multifaceted nature of mitochondrial dysfunction and ALS progression. Intensive research is required to precisely elucidate the molecular pathways involved in the progression of mitochondrial dysfunctions that ultimately lead to ALS. Because of the multifactorial nature of ALS, a combination therapy approach may hold the key to cure and treat ALS in the future.
Association between Some Helminths and Tumorigenesis through
Immunological and Biochemical Factors
Authors: Fasihi-Karami Maryam , Afrisham Reza , Karami Saina , Beigzadeh Ehsan , Kazemi Forough 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
It has been reported that more than 20% of malignancies in the developing countries are
induced by some infections. However, helminth infections related to malignancies have been less
appreciated. Since, helminths sometimes infect their hosts for over decades, the host’s immune responses
get modulated Several studies have shown that there are many similarities between the persistence
of parasite infection and the progression of tumors in terms of biochemical and immune
responses. Thus, this review was designed to evaluate the association between some helminths and
tumorigenesis through immunological and biochemical factors. The results of the current study
showed that helminth infections could be implicated in the pathogenesis of some cancers. Several
factors contribute to tumorigenesis of these helminth-stimulated tumors. These helminth infections
increase the proportions of CD19+ B cells and F4/80+ macrophages as well as reduce the proportions
of CD8+ lymphocytes, and increase the levels of VEGF, IL-10, and IL-4. In addition, this parasitestimulated
inflammation may encourage neoplasia. Also, catechol-estrogens and oxysterols related to
some helminths can play a key role in tumorigenesis. Thus, the effects of parasitic helminth infections
on the development of tumor are very important. However, the investigation on these issues
requires further study, which can be helpful in preventing parasitic helminth infections-related cancers.
Strategies for the Separation and Quantification of Non-Steroidal Anti-
Inflammatory Drugs Using ZIC-HILIC-HPLC with UV Detection
Authors: Rasheed Ashraf S. , Waheb Ali Amer , Hassan Mohammed Jasim M. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used
worldwide for their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.

Objective:
The article highlights the development of zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction liquid
chromatography (ZIC-HILIC) methods to quantify three NSAIDs as active ingredients in pharmaceutical
formulations simultaneously.

Method:
For NSAIDs analysis, two homemade ZIC-HILIC stationary phases were carried out by
adding sulfobetaine monomers to polystyrene-divinylbenzene particles. The methods were developed
by examining the effect of HILIC mode parameters like the kind of organic modifier (methanol
or acetonitrile), acetonitrile content, pH and concentration of the acetate buffer in the eluent.

Results:
The experimental data exhibit the predominant mechanism of NSAIDs with two ZICHILIC
stationary phases. The different chain lengths in the two ZIC-HILIC stationary phases are
employed to investigate NSAIDs retention behaviour. The strategies were evaluated for their
specificity, linearity, accuracy, and precision. The linear ranges were 0.01-5.0, 0.05-17.5 and
0.12-13.5 μg ml-1, LOD 0.005. 0.015 and 0.046 μg ml-1 and LOQ 0.015, 0.045 and 0.139 μg ml-1
for nimesulide, tenoxicam and diclofenac, respectively.

Conclusion:
They represent interactions with three NSAIDs, ZIC-HILIC columns, and mobile
phase in a mixed-mode of hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions. In contrast to the ZICHILIC-
1 stationary phase with a shorter chain length, the ZIC-HILIC-4 stationary phase with a
longer chain length exhibited a longer retention time, lower detection and limit of quantitation for
three NSAIDs.The verification findings demonstrate the suitability of the proposed ZIC-HILIC
methods for quantifying NSAIDs in pharmaceutical formulations.