bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conflict settlement and identity in territorial claims
Authors: Macaulay Christopher 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTerritorial claims with an ethnic or identity component have been recognized as one of the most enduring and intractable sources of international conflict. Building on previous research which recognized the role of issue indivisibility in making compromise more difficult, this article focuses on the management of territorial claims with an identity or ethnic component. Utilizing the latest Issue Correlates of War (ICOW) dataset, the frequency, success, and qualitative content of negotiations over territorial claims are analyzed. The newest version of the ICOW dataset expands the spatial domain of Hensel and Mitchell's previous work that included the Americas and Western Europe, expanding this domain to include the entire world, and more closely examines the role of concessions in the negotiations process. The results support the contention that issue indivisibility hampers compromise behavior and negotiation success in identity‐based territorial claims. Negotiations are less likely to occur, but surprisingly, more likely to succeed. Successful agreements are also more likely to see major concessions and territorial change. Identity‐based claims are also less likely to end through compromise outcomes like negotiations, and more likely to terminate through unilateral action and violence. The results suggest that identity claims are punctuated by rare bouts of significant negotiations—much of which is driven by conquest, violence, and unilateral action.Related ArticlesAyelet, Harel‐Shalev. 2009. “Lingual and Educational Policy toward ‘Homeland Minorities’ in Deeply Divided Societies: India and Israel as Case Studies.” Politics & Policy 37(5): 951–70. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2009.00206.x.Hae, Kim. 2009. “The Complexities of Internal Conflict in the Third World: Beyond Ethnic and Religious Conflict.” Politics & Policy 37(2): 395–414. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2009.00177.x.Tusalem, Rollin F. 2015. “Ethnic Minority Governments, Democracy, and Human Rights.” Politics & Policy 43(4): 502–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12125.
The suitability of investor‐State dispute settlement and host State counterclaims for implementing climate change international responsibility
Authors: Mejía‐Lemos Diego 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article examines the suitability of investor‐State dispute settlement (ISDS) for implementing international responsibility arising out of breaches of climate change obligations, based on a comprehensive review of literature, international decisions and instruments, with a particular focus on counterclaims by host States in ISDS arbitral proceedings. ISDS may prove suitable for these purposes, notably by virtue of the flexibility and hybridity of ISDS arbitral proceedings and the enforceability of ISDS arbitral awards. The flexibility of ISDS results in procedural frameworks more adaptable than other forms of international dispute settlement. The hybridity of ISDS, combining both internal and international legal rules, provides grounds for climate change claims or counterclaims not afforded by national or international law operating separately. And crucially, notwithstanding limitations inherent in the ad hoc nature of ISDS, the enforceability of ISDS arbitral awards furnishes unparalleled opportunities to effectively implement international responsibility for breaches of climate change obligations.
Bilateral mastocytic and fibroblastic nodular proliferative dermatosis affecting ear margins in three domestic cats
Authors: Lefrançois Julie , Sauvé Frédéric , Benoit‐Biancamano Marie‐Odile , Dallaire André , Bernardi de Souza Lucilene 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis case series describes the clinical appearance, histopathological findings and therapeutic trials of proliferative nodular lesions on bilateral ear margins of three domestic cats including two littermates. All therapeutic trials were unsuccessful. While the aetiology remains unclear, this report highlights different hypotheses in presenting this unusual inflammatory and fibroblastic dermatosis in cats.
Modified toggle pin technique combined with prosthetic capsular reconstruction for surgical stabilization of coxofemoral luxation in a Shetland pony
Authors: Müller Eva M. T. , Ehrle Anna , Pozzi Antonio , Lasarzik de Ascurra Juliane , Lischer Christoph J. , Kümmerle Jan M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe open reduction and surgical stabilization of a coxofemoral luxation in a pony using a modified toggle pin technique and prosthetic joint capsule reconstruction without osteotomy of the greater trochanter.AnimalA 2‐year‐old Shetland pony with a bodyweight of 167 kg.Study designCase report.MethodsRadiographic examination confirmed craniodorsal luxation of the left coxofemoral joint. An open reduction with the aid of a pulley system was performed. A toggle pin was inserted through a bone tunnel extending from the level of the femoral shaft through the femoral head and the center of the acetabulum for the pin to be positioned on the medial wall of the acetabulum. FiberWire was subsequently passed through the cranial and caudal aspects of the acetabulum as well as a transverse tunnel in the femoral neck in a figure of 8 to facilitate capsular reconstruction. The pony was placed in a sling for 8 weeks and gradually returned to normal activity over 2 months.ResultsPostoperative radiographic examination confirmed the position of the femoral head in the acetabulum with the implants in place. On 2‐year follow‐up the pony was sound at walk and trot.ConclusionA combined intra‐ and extra‐articular stabilization technique for coxofemoral luxation in a pony resulted in successful long‐term reduction and excellent outcome.
Opioid-prescribing considerations in patients with cancer and substance misuse or substance use disorder: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Jones Katie Fitzgerald , Malinowski Jennifer , Paice Judith , Childers Julie , Bulls Hailey W. , Morrison Jeni , Ho J. Janet , Alsbrook Karen , Nugent Shannon , Broglio Kathleen , Nickels Katrina , Holbein Monika , Parajuli Jyotsana , Merlin Jessica S. 
Published: November 2022

Objective:
This scoping review aims to describe factors in the existing literature that may inform opioid-prescribing decisions for patients with a past or present history of cancer and past or present substance misuse or substance use disorder.

Introduction:
Opioids and opioid-related decisions are critical components of cancer care. Most individuals with cancer will experience pain during cancer care, and over half of patients will receive an opioid prescription. Opioid-prescribing decisions require weighing the benefits and harms. The presence of substance misuse or substance use disorder may elevate the risk of opioid-related harms, but there is a lack of consensus on managing patients at this intersection.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider studies that include adult patients with a past or present history of cancer who also have pain and current or historical substance misuse or substance use disorder. The pain may be cancer-related or non-cancer-related. Studies of patients with all types of cancer will be eligible for inclusion, with the exception of non-melanoma skin cancers. Eligible studies will explore factors that inform opioid-prescribing decisions in this patient population.

Methods:
The review will be conducted according to JBI methodology for scoping reviews. Studies written in English since database inception will be included. The databases to be searched include MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), Embase, APA PsycINFO, and Google Scholar. Eligible studies will undergo data extraction by 2 independent reviewers using a data extraction tool created by the authors. A narrative summary will describe study characteristics, population details, and strategies used to determine appropriate pain management in the patient population.
Proximal dendritic localization of NALCN channels underlies tonic and burst firing in nigral dopaminergic neurons
Authors: Hahn Suyun , Um Ki Bum , Kim So Woon , Kim Hyun Jin , Park Myoung Kyu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn multipolar nigral dopamine (DA) neurons, the highly excitable proximal dendritic compartments (PDCs) and two Na+‐permeable leak channels, TRPC3 and NALCN, play a key role in pacemaking. However, the causal link between them is unknown. Here we report that the proximal dendritic localization of NALCN underlies pacemaking and burst firing in DA neurons. Our morphological analysis of nigral DA neurons reveals that TRPC3 is ubiquitously expressed in the whole somatodendritic compartment, but NALCN is localized within the PDCs. Blocking either TRPC3 or NALCN channels abolished pacemaking. However, only blocking NALCN, not TRPC3, degraded burst discharges. Furthermore, local glutamate uncaging readily induced burst discharges within the PDCs, compared with other parts of the neuron, and NALCN channel inhibition dissipated burst generation, indicating the importance of NALCN to the high excitability of PDCs. Therefore, we conclude that PDCs serve as a common base for tonic and burst firing in nigral DA neurons.
imageKey points
Midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons are slow pacemakers that can generate tonic and burst firings, and the highly excitable proximal dendritic compartments (PDCs) and two Na+‐permeable leak channels, TRPC3 and NALCN, play a key role in pacemaking.
We find that slow tonic firing depends on the basal activity of both the NALCN and TRPC3 channels, but that burst firing does not require TRPC3 channels but relies only on NALCN channels.
We find that TRPC3 is ubiquitously expressed in the entire somatodendritic compartment, but that NALCN exists only within the PDCs in nigral DA neurons.
We show that NALCN channel localization confers high excitability on PDCs and is essential for burst generation in nigral DA neurons.
These results suggest that PDCs serve as a common base for tonic and burst firing in nigral DA neurons.
Heating the Skin Over the Knee Improves Kinesthesia During Knee Extension
Authors: Lamers Meghan , Howe Erika E. , Power Geoffrey A. , Bent Leah R. 
Published: November 2022

To determine how heating affects dynamic joint position sense at the knee, participants (n = 11; F = 6) were seated in a HUMAC NORM dynamometer. The leg was passively moved through extension and flexion, and participants indicated when the 90° reference position was perceived, both at baseline (28.74 ± 2.43 °C) and heated (38.05 ± 0.16 °C) skin temperatures. Day 2 of testing reduced knee skin feedback with lidocaine. Directional error (actual leg angle–target angle) and absolute error (AE) were calculated. Heating reduced extension AE (baseline AE = 5.46 ± 2.39°, heat AE = 4.10 ± 1.97°), but not flexion. Lidocaine did not significantly affect flexion AE or extension AE. Overall, increased anterior knee-skin temperature improves dynamic joint position sense during passive knee extension, where baseline matching is poorer. Limited application of lidocaine to the anterior thigh, reducing some skin input, did not influence dynamic joint position sense, suggesting cutaneous receptors may play only a secondary role to spindle information during kinesthetic tasks. Importantly, cutaneous input from adjacent thigh regions cannot be ruled out as a contributor.
Startling Acoustic Stimulation Has Task-Specific Effects on Intracortical Facilitation and Inhibition at Rest and During Visually Guided Isometric Elbow Flexion in Healthy Individuals
Authors: Chen Yen-Ting , Li Shengai , Zhang Yingchun , Zhou Ping , Li Sheng 
Published: November 2022

Startling acoustic stimulation (SAS) causes a transient effect on the primary motor cortex (M1) nonreflexively. It reduces the cortical excitability at rest, but not during voluntary contraction. However, the effect of SAS on intracortical activity is not clear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the SAS effect on short-interval intracortical inhibition and intracortical facilitation using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Eleven healthy individuals performed isometric elbow flexion at 10% of maximum voluntary contraction on the dominant side with a real-time visual target (i.e., M1 preactivation) or at rest. TMS was delivered to the M1 ipsilateral to elbow flexion without or with SAS delivered 90 ms prior to TMS. There were three TMS delivery conditions: (a) single pulse, (b) short-interval intracortical inhibition, and (c) intracortical facilitation. TMS-induced motor-evoked potential (MEP) was compared between predetermined TMS and SAS conditions at rest and during ipsilateral voluntary contraction. We confirmed that SAS decreased the MEP amplitude at rest, but not during M1 preactivation. SAS caused task-specific effects on intracortical excitability. Specifically, SAS increased intracortical facilitation at rest and during voluntary contraction. However, SAS decreased short-interval intracortical inhibition only during M1 preactivation. Collectively, our results suggest that SAS transiently influences the motor cortex excitability, possibly via its activation of higher centers, to achieve a visually guided goal-directed task.
Introduction of the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy at the booking visit and the midwives’ perspective
Authors: Cheney Kate , Black Kirsten , Pelosi Marilena , Dorney Edwina 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundPregnancy planning and preconception care benefit women, their children, and future generations. The London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy (LMUP) is a tool that can be used in antenatal care to identify women with unintended pregnancies who require improved access to such services. This tool was recently implemented into routine antenatal care in two maternity centres in New South Wales, Australia. This study explores midwives’ attitudes to the LMUP 12 months after it was introduced into the booking visit and their understanding of its application to their scope of practice.MethodsThis is a qualitative study using in-depth semi-structured interviews with midwives from two maternity care centres in Australia. All midwives performing antenatal booking visits were eligible to take part. Interviews were transcribed, analysed, and coded to define key themes. Recruitment ceased when thematic saturation was reached.ResultsTen midwives from two maternity centres were interviewed. Midwives support the inclusion of the LMUP into the booking visit and felt it was in their scope of practice to be using the tool. Time constraints, the impact of COVID-19 and the lack of structured referral pathways were identified as barriers to the implementation of the LMUP in routine care.ConclusionsMidwives support the inclusion of the LMUP into the antenatal booking visit and see that it falls within their scope of practice. Service barriers were identified at the individual, organisational and external context levels. These need to be addressed to enhance the potential of this tool.
Why women choose self-managed telemedicine abortion in the Netherlands during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national mixed methods study
Authors: Cui Nanke , Gemzell-Danielsson Kristina , Gomperts Rebecca 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has imposed strict lockdown restrictions that have introduced barriers to in-person abortion clinic visits in the Netherlands. Women on Web (WoW) is a global medical abortion telemedicine service operating outside the formal health sector.AimTo understand the motivations and perceived barriers women faced when choosing telemedicine abortion outside the formal health sector, and how this was affected by the pandemic.Methods178 women who completed an online consultation on the Dutch WoW website during the period 6 March 2020 to 5 March 2021 were included in this cross-sectional cohort study and exploratory qualitative study. Patient characteristics and motivations were analysed and associated with the severity of COVID-19 restrictions. Email exchanges in which women could further describe their requests were also examined for recurrent clarification of motivations.ResultsWomen experienced barriers to regular abortion care due to COVID-19 restrictions and had the preference to (1) self-manage their abortion, (2) stay in the comfort of their own home, and (3) keep their abortion private. In particular, women who did not live in the cities where abortion clinics were located experienced barriers to abortion services. As COVID-19 restrictions tightened, it was more frequently mentioned that women sought help from WoW because COVID-19 restrictions and abortion care were not accessible to them in the Netherlands. In the qualitative analysis of email exchanges, the reasons of COVID-19, privacy concerns, and domestic violence were particularly evident.ConclusionsIn the Netherlands, barriers to receiving adequate abortion care were exacerbated for women in vulnerable positions such as being geographically farther away from an abortion clinic, being in a deprived socioeconomic position, or being in an unsafe home situation. Similar to other medical care, abortion care should be deliverable online.
Improving access to quality contraceptive counselling in community pharmacy: examining the knowledge, attitudes and practices of community pharmacists in Australia
Authors: Buckingham Pip Louise Maria , Hussainy Safeera , Soon Judith , Norman Wendy V , Bateson Deborah , Mazza Danielle 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundAcross most of Australia, the role of community pharmacists in contraceptive care has been unchanged since 2004. To understand their current scope of practice and potential for practice advancements, we examined community pharmacists’ contraceptive knowledge and their attitudes, practices and perceived barriers to and benefits of contraceptive counselling provision.MethodsA nationwide postal survey was conducted between September and December 2020. We contacted a state/territory-stratified sample of 2149 community pharmacies and limited eligibility to one pharmacist per pharmacy. Summary statistics of respondent characteristics and parametric (χ2, linear regression) and non-parametric (Mann-Whitney, logistic regression) tests were computed for the outcomes: practices, knowledge (reported and tested), confidence, attitudes, barriers and benefits.ResultsEligible responses were received from 366 pharmacies (19%). Pharmacists’ median age was 34. Most (85% of) pharmacists agreed that contraceptive counselling fits within their current professional activities and emphasised benefits to their patients, including improved access to contraceptive decision support (80%), as being key motivators of counselling. A lack of payment mechanisms (66%), training opportunities (55%) and technical assistance tools (54%) were the most important barriers. Self-rated knowledge and confidence were highest for combined oral contraceptive pills and lowest for the copper intrauterine device (IUD). When tested, pharmacists were very knowledgeable about method, dosage, frequencies and costs, and relatively less knowledgeable about side-effects and IUD suitability for adolescents.ConclusionsCommunity pharmacists provide contraceptive information and counselling but lack the necessary resources and support to be able to consistently provide quality, person-centred care. Remuneration mechanisms, training opportunities and pharmacy-specific professional resources need to be explored.
An investigation of machine learning techniques in speech emotion recognition
Authors: Saini Anu , Ramesh Khaparde Amit , Kumari Sunita , Shamsher Salim , Joteeswaran Jeevanandam , Kadry Seifedine 
Published: November 2022

<span lang="EN-US">The natural languages are medium of communication from the inception of civilization. As the technology improves, the text messages, voice messages and videos are the addons in medium of communication. In long distance communication, the analysis of expression is modern area of research. The parameters of assessment are subjective hence the emotion recognition is challenging task. This article furnishes the investigation of various machine learning techniques and novel methods for speech emotion recognition (SER) to determine the feeling/sentiments in a speech. Here, we investigate the three machine learning methods named multinominal Naive Bayes (MNB), logistic regression (LR), and linear support vector machine (LSVM). Further, these techniques are incorporated with the proposed method. The performance of these machine learning techniques is investigated on two different datasets. The datasets consist of voice and text data samples. The prosed method is trained and tested on these datasets. As per the experimentation, it has been observed that the LSVM has outperformed the other two machine learning techniques.</span>
Speusippus on God as Mind
Authors: Vassallo Christian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a new edition of Speusippus’ fr. 57 Tarán (= 100 Isnardi Parente), transmitted by Philodemus’ On Piety. The improved text sheds new light on the early Academy’s debate on cosmology and theology and on the already known doxographical accounts (especially Aëtius’) on Speusippus’ view of who the Deity is.
Discovery of the male of Tethysbaena tarsiensis Wagner, 1994 (Peracarida, Thermosbaenacea, Monodellidae)
Authors: Wagner H. P. , Bou C. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The male of Tethysbaena tarsiensis Wagner, 1994 is described from the Guadalquivir drainage in southern Spain. The original description was based on a sample containing only female specimens. As males of this species were unknown thus far, additional descriptive notes are added to the original diagnosis by Wagner (1994). Additional remarks on the habitat of the species are made as well.
Biochemical composition of the hepatopancreas from the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis with different signs of hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (Brachyura, Varunidae)
Authors: Chang Guoliang , Pan Jie , Zhang Qianqian , Cheng Yongxu , Wu Xugan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis is an important aquaculture species in China. Recently, hepatopancreatic albinism and necrosis have become important issues that affect the crab farming industry. In this study, live crab samples were collected from a local farm, which were further classified into four groups based on their hepatopancreatic colour, i.e., I, yellow; II, yellow-white; III, white; and, IV, shrunken and necrotic. The four groups were compared with respect to hepatosomatic index (HSI), hepatopancreas histology, as well as proximate and fatty acid compositions in the hepatopancreas. The results showed that the severity of hepatopancreatic lesions was gradually aggravated, and the HSI of Eriocheir sinensis gradually decreased as the colour of the hepatopancreas changed from normal yellow to necrosis. With changes of the hepatopancreatic colour from normal yellow to necrotic, also, the contents of total lipid, carbohydrate and some fatty acids (14:0, 16:0 and 16:1) decreased significantly, especially in group III and group IV. Also, with the increase of vacuolarization and atrophy in the hepatopancreas, the water content and the percentages of highly unsaturated fatty acids (20:5n3, 20:4n6 and 22:6n3) increased significantly. These results suggest that hepatopancreatic necrosis is closely related to the HSI, histology and biochemical composition in the hepatopancreas, which might become important indicators for the prediction of hepatopancreatic albinism and necrosis in E. sinensis.