bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil‐dwelling Bacillus spp. affects aphid infestation of calabrese and natural enemy responses in a context‐specific manner
Authors: Gadhave Kiran R. , Gange Alan C. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria in the genus Bacillus have been shown to reduce growth and increase parasitism of some aphids, but the generality of these interactions is unknown. All previous studies have taken place in temperate conditions.
We studied the effects of seed application of three Bacillus species, singly and in mixture, on three aphid pests and their natural enemies, on field‐grown calabrese (green sprouting broccoli) in the subtropical climate of South West India.
All three bacteria reduced populations of Brevicoryne brassicae and Myzus persicae, but had no effect on numbers of Lipaphis erysimi. Chewing insects (flea beetles and diamondback moth larvae) were also unaffected by the treatments. However, parasitism rates of aphids were higher on plants treated with the bacteria.
We conclude that Bacillus spp. shape above ground interactions in a context‐specific manner, directly via altered field infestations of some pests and indirectly via natural enemy responses.
Inadvertent malposition of a permanent ventricular lead into the middle cardiac vein was misdiagnosed as lead perforation
Authors: Chen Mingxian , Wu Zhihong , Liu Zhenjiang , Hu Lin , Li Xuping , Liu Qiming , Zhou Shenghua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA 54‐year‐old man had a dual‐chamber pacemaker implantation 9 years ago because of sick sinus syndrome at a different facility. The patient did not undergo any evaluation of his pacemaker for a long time with cardiologist. The patient was admitted to another hospital manifesting dyspnea and palpitation with atrial fibrillation for 1 month, and he was diagnosed with ventricular lead perforation. For further treatment, he was referred to our hospital, and an elective replacement indicator (ERI) of the battery state and a malpositioned ventricular lead into the middle cardiac vein were found. Finally, the pacing lead was left in the primary place and the pacemaker was replaced.
Bjarne K. H. Semb: The contriver of the first implantation of a total artificial heart in Europe
Authors: Kvitting John‐Peder Escobar , Koul Bansi , Geiran Odd R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn 1985, the surgical team led by Bjarne Semb implanted the first total artificial heart (TAH) in Europe, and the following year the first successful bridge to transplant in Europe using the Symbion J‐7/100 TAH. Together with the clinical experiences of colleagues in the United States, these early cases preceded the subsequent development of scores of mechanical assist devices to treat advanced heart failure. Semb proved to have the pioneering spirit needed to use the early generation of a TAH, but these early implants also generated much controversy in the medical community as well as the general public.
Beyond ‘do no harm’? On the need for a dynamic approach to research ethics
Authors: Hammett Daniel , Jackson Lucy , Bramley Ryan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDespite ongoing critical engagements with the remit and functioning of research ethics boards and review processes – not least in the limitations of transposing medico‐scientific ethics approaches to the social sciences – the need for ethical practice in research is well established and accepted. Consequently, we see the ubiquitous requirement for academic social science research – whether by an undergraduate student, a PhD candidate, or an established professor – to undergo ethical review. Despite (or perhaps because of) this ubiquity in expectation, engagement with research ethics often remains perfunctory, formulaic, and procedural. Too often research ethics is reduced to a bureaucratic hurdle, a singular moment of approval that overlooks the dynamic, messy, and complex realities of the research journey. Moreover, this reductionist approach to research ethics is often replicated in teaching and training and reinforced as review duties are subsumed into the general administrative burden of academic life. How, then, might we move beyond the procedural and static to a substantive and dynamic research ethics process? Building on existing debates, we set out a number of possible strategies for realising this aim – not only in individual practice but linked to institutional processes in the set‐up and management of ethics review, and opportunities for promoting the teaching of research ethics in a dynamic manner.
Propagation distance thresholds of woody Cerrado species in a pasture matrix
Authors: Issii Thais M. , Pereira‐Silva Erico F. L. , Furquim Sheila A. C. , Vallejo V. Ramon , de Pablo Carlos T. López , Hardt Elisa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractQuestionIs there a decrease in the richness, structural variables and composition similarity of woody Cerrado species with habitat–matrix distance, potentially influenced by soil compaction and propagule dispersal strategies in the pasture matrix?LocationWe studied three landscapes of a pasture matrix in areas of the Cerrado biome in southwestern São Paulo, Brazil.MethodsWe sampled 110 plots of 2 m × 2 m in the matrix, stratified in ranges perpendicular to the edge of the habitat, and 10 plots in the forest with no edge effect (60 m from the edge). We undertook soil sampling and collected information about the plants (taxonomy, height, circumference and establishment form by germination or resprouting). We defined habitat distance as the predictor variable for the following response variables: abundance, richness, establishment form, mean height, mean diameter at soil height and dispersal syndrome of the individuals sampled; in addition to the porosity and bulk density of the sampled soil.ResultsWe found significant differences between habitat and matrix for abundance, richness, mean height and germination number, but non‐significant differences for resprouting number and mean diameter at soil height. There was no relationship regarding matrix–habitat distances for structural variables, and habitat species composition was similar only for the first 10 m distance from the habitat edge.ConclusionPasture did not prevent plant establishment but might act as an environmental filter. Pasture matrices modify the composition and diversity of the plant community compared with the Cerrado community. Pastures are dominated by resprouting, autochory and grassland species. Regenerating plants from the propagule bank of the matrix showed the potential for natural regeneration of Cerrado areas in pasture as a restoration strategy.
Perinatal outcomes of women with gestational breast cancer in Australia and New Zealand: A prospective population‐based study
Authors: Sullivan Elizabeth , Safi Nadom , Li Zhuoyang , Remond Marc , Chen Tina Y. T. , Javid Nasrin , Dickinson Jan E. , Ives Angela , Hammarberg Karin , Anazodo Antoinette , Boyle Frances , Fisher Jane , Halliday Lesley , Duncombe Greg , McLintock Claire , Wang Alex Y. , Saunders Christobel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the epidemiology, clinical management, and outcomes of women with gestational breast cancer (GBC).MethodsA population‐based prospective cohort study was conducted in Australia and New Zealand between 2013 and 2014 using the Australasian Maternity Outcomes Surveillance System (AMOSS). Women who gave birth with a primary diagnosis of breast cancer during pregnancy were included. Data were collected on demographic and pregnancy factors, GBC diagnosis, obstetric and cancer management, and perinatal outcomes. The main outcome measures were preterm birth, maternal complications, breastfeeding, and death.ResultsForty women with GBC (incidence 7.5/100 000 women giving birth) gave birth to 40 live‐born babies. Thirty‐three (82.5%) women had breast symptoms at diagnosis. Of 27 women diagnosed before 30 weeks' gestation, 85% had breast surgery and 67% had systemic therapy during pregnancy. In contrast, all 13 women diagnosed from 30 weeks had their cancer management delayed until postdelivery. There were 17 preterm deliveries; 15 were planned. Postpartum complications included the following: hemorrhage (n = 4), laparotomy (n = 1), and thrombocytopenia (n = 1). There was one late maternal death. Eighteen (45.0%) women initiated breastfeeding, including 12 of 23 women who had antenatal breast surgery. There were no perinatal deaths or congenital malformations, but 42.5% of babies were preterm, and 32.5% were admitted for higher‐level neonatal care.ConclusionsGestational breast cancer diagnosed before 30 weeks' gestation was associated with surgical and systemic cancer care during pregnancy and planned preterm birth. In contrast, cancer treatment was deferred to postdelivery for women diagnosed from 30 weeks, reflecting the complexity of managing expectant mothers with GBC in multidisciplinary care settings.
Anti‐CD20 therapeutic options in immune‐mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Maitta Robert W. 
Published: April 2022

SummaryImmunosuppression with rituximab in immune‐mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura helps decrease production of autoantibody mediating ADAMTS13 clearance from circulation. Failure to respond to rituximab in a satisfactory way or made difficult by adverse events to the medication does not represent a reason to stop considering anti‐CD20 therapies to control antibody production. Therefore, both of atumumab and obinutuzumab with specificity to CD20, represent potentially valuable therapeutic tools in patients who are not candidates for rituximab.Commentary on: Doyle et al. The use of obinutuzumab and ofatumumab in the treatment of immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Br J Haematol. 2022;198:391‐396.1
Moving beyond narrative archetypes among children with cancer
Authors: Neville Alyssa R. , Campbell Sydney , Moola Fiona J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChildren's narrations of their experiences with cancer provide researchers/clinicians with an understanding of their lived experiences. Arthur Frank's illness narrative framework—restitution, quest, and chaos—was used to explore 11 children's experiences with cancer. Several participants identified with the restitution narrative of “overcoming” an illness, whereas others identified with the quest narrative of a changed identity after an illness. Two participants voiced emotional struggles with cancer, identifying with the chaos narrative. The Medical Agency theme encompassed children who appeared to be experts on their own illness experiences. These findings highlight the importance of centring children's voices and stories in clinical and research settings.
Prognostic implications of traditional and non‐traditional cardiovascular risk factor profiles in patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Bhat Aditya , Gan Gary C. H. , Chen Henry H. L. , Nawaz Sumreen , Khanna Shaun , Dobbins Timothy , Tan Timothy C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is a prevalent disease with associated mortality risk, mediated in large part through its associated cardiovascular risk factors. Standard modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (SMuRFs; hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension, diabetes and smoking) are established drivers of cardiovascular disease; however, the importance of non‐traditional mediators of cardiovascular risk (NTRFs) such as chronic renal impairment, obstructive sleep apnoea and obesity is emerging. The differential impact of these risk factors on outcomes in patients with AF is not well studied.MethodsConsecutive patients admitted to our service between January 2013 and January 2018 with a primary diagnosis of non‐valvular AF were assessed. Assessment of demographic, anthropometric, risk factor profile and pharmacotherapeutics was performed. The clinical course of these patients was followed for up to five years for the composite outcome of all‐cause death and major adverse cardiovascular events.ResultsOf the 1010 patients (62.29 ± 16.81 years, 51% men) included, 154 (15%) had no risk factors, 478 (47%) had only SMuRFs, 59 (6%) had only NTRFs and 319 (32%) had both SMuRFs and NTRFs. Over a mean follow‐up period of 33.18 ± 21.27 months, a total of 288 patients met the composite outcome. On Cox regression, the coexistence of SMuRFs and NTRFs was an independent predictor of the composite outcome (HR 1.40; 95%CI 1.09–1.82, p = .01). Other independent predictors included age, heart failure, CHA2DS2VASc score, persistent AF and anaemia.ConclusionsThe presence of both SMuRFs and NTRFs has prognostic implications in patients with non‐valvular AF.
Optimization of the application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in Mythimna separata
Authors: Tang Rui , Li Sali , Liang Junhao , Yi Hao , Jing Xiangfeng , Liu Tong‐Xian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMythimna separata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the most destructive phytophagous pests. Here we present detailed instructions to achieve successful application of CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated genome editing on M. separata. We optimized procedures, including egg collection and incubation. We further successfully conducted microinjection on the washed eggs by applying water on the egg surface. We then evaluated the effects of injection timing on both egg viability and genome editing efficiency using NPC1b as the target gene. We observed that Cas9 protein injection had significantly less effect on the viability of the eggs at the earlier stage (<2 h old) than at later stages, although no significant effect was observed on the postembryonic development between different egg ages. All larvae were edited when the eggs were <6 h old, and the editing efficiency decreased when older eggs were used. Moreover, mutants were detected among G1 progenies, which demonstrated that the mutation generated by the Cas9/sgRNAs system on M. separata was heritable. As far as we know, this is the first report of CRISPR/Cas9 for this important pest. The successful application of genome editing on M. separata is essential to understanding its biology and developing novel control methods.
Haematology Outcomes Network in Europe (HONEUR)—A collaborative, interdisciplinary platform to harness the potential of real‐world data in hematology
Authors: Bardenheuer Kristina , Van Speybroeck Michel , Hague Clare , Nikai Enkeleida , Price Martin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionThere remains a need to optimize treatments and improve outcomes among patients with hematologic malignancies. The timely synthesis and analysis of real‐world data could play a key role.ObjectivesThe Haematology Outcomes Network in Europe (HONEUR) is a federated data network (FDN) that aims to overcome the challenges of heterogenous data collected from different registries, hospitals, and other databases in different countries. It has the functionality required to analyze data from various sources in a time efficient manner, while preserving local data security and governance. With this, research studies can be performed that can increase knowledge and understanding of the management of patients with hematologic malignancies.MethodsHONEUR uses the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) common data model, which allows analysis scripts to be run by multiple sites using their own data, ultimately generating aggregated results. Furthermore, distributed analytics can be used to run statistical analyses across multiple sites, as if data were pooled. The external governance model ensures high‐quality standards, while data ownership is retained locally. Twenty partners from nine countries are now participating, with data from more than 26 000 patients available for analysis. Research questions that can be addressed through HONEUR include assessments of natural disease history, treatment patterns, and clinical effectiveness.ConclusionsThe HONEUR FDN marks an important step forward in increasing the value of information routinely captured by individual hospitals, registries and other database holders, thus enabling larger‐scale studies to be undertaken rapidly and efficiently.
Circulating endothelial cells and endothelial progenitor cells as potential predictors of acute GVHD after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Takamatsu Akiko , Nakashima Yasuhiro , Haji Shojiro , Tsuda Mariko , Masuda Toru , Kimura Daisaku , Shiratsuchi Motoaki , Ogawa Yoshihiro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveAcute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD) is a major cause of treatment‐related mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Endothelial cell damage may trigger the initiation of aGVHD.MethodsEndothelial damage and repair were evaluated by counting circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in 17 allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients at pre‐conditioning, day 0, day 7, day 14, day 30, and day 60 by multicolor flow cytometry. Von Willebrand factor activity was simultaneously measured.ResultsEight patients developed aGVHD and were compared to non‐aGVHD patients. Patients' characteristics were not different, except for previous treatment courses. There was no difference in von Willebrand factor activity between the two groups. Both CEC and EPC counts were decreased on day 7 and day 14 and then increased thereafter. The CEC count on day 7 was significantly lower in the aGVHD group than in the non‐aGVHD group (p = .0401). Restoration of the EPC count on day 60 was significantly suppressed in the aGVHD group (p = .0464). The CEC count on day 7 could predict aGVHD development (AUC 0.8214, p = .0372).ConclusionThe present results showed that CEC count on day 7 could be a predictor of aGVHD.
Myeloneuropathy induced by recreational nitrous oxide use with variable exposure levels
Authors: Largeau Bérenger , Karam Arnaud , Potey Camille , Caous Anne‐Sylvie , Tard Céline , Carton Louise , Kuchcinski Grégory , Gautier Sophie , Deheul Sylvie , Bordet Régis 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeAlthough several case series have described nitrous‐oxide‐associated neurological disorders, a comprehensive assessment of exposure characteristics (e.g., time to onset, level of exposure) in substance abusers has not been performed. The aim of this study was to describe the onset patterns of recreational use of nitrous‐oxide‐induced neurological disorders.MethodsAll cases of neurological disorders related to nitrous oxide recreational use reported to the Hauts‐de‐France addictovigilance center between January 2019 and August 2020 were selected. Only cases requiring hospitalization with informative data to perform the nitrous oxide causality assessment were included.ResultsA total of 20 cases from five hospitals were included. The male‐to‐female ratio was 6:1 and the median age was 19 years (range 16–34). The neurological presentation (myeloneuropathy 64%, 7/11; sensorimotor neuropathy 36%, 4/11) included for all patients gait disorders due to proprioceptive ataxia and limb hypoesthesia. The median dose used per occasion was 100 cartridges (range 5–960; n = 19). The median time from the start of nitrous oxide use to the onset of neurological symptoms was 6 months (range 0.7–54; n = 16). The cumulative dose was significantly higher in patients with damage to all four limbs than in patients with lower limb symptoms only (p = 0.042).ConclusionsA low intermittent exposure may be sufficient to cause neurological damage in some subjects, suggesting that, at the population level, there is no safe exposure to nitrous oxide in recreational settings. The severity of neurological impairment could increase once used at high doses and for prolonged durations of nitrous oxide.
A combined low‐ and high‐cycle life prediction model considering the closure effect of micro‐defects
Authors: Ding Xin , Yan Xiaojun , Guo Zixu , Guo Kaimin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this study, a combined low‐ and high‐cycle fatigue (CCF) life prediction model, which considers the crack closure effect (CCE) of micro‐defects, is proposed based on the continuous damage mechanics. The model is decomposed into three submodels: the low‐cycle fatigue (LCF), high‐cycle fatigue (HCF) under the maximum stress of LCF (HCFML), and their coupled damage models. The experimental CCF data of K403 full‐scale turbine blades are used to verify the accuracy. The prediction life falls within the ±2.62 times of scatter band compared with the experimental results. Further, there are the different damage evolution forms at different vibration stresses. When the vibration stress is below 29 MPa, the CCF damage mainly is caused by the LCF. However, while the vibration stress is above 29 MPa, the HCFML damage plays a major role. The CCF damage of the first stage serration of K403 turbine blades is mainly from HCFML.
Serving quarreling masters: Frontline workers and policy implementation under pressure
Authors: Hinterleitner Markus , Wittwer Stefan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHow do frontline workers implement policy when it is politically contested and they face strong pressure from politicians and the media? Based on original data and a multi‐method analysis of juvenile justice policy and child protection policy in Switzerland, we show that political conflict can change policy implementation when frontline workers adapt their implementation practices in response to political and media pressure. We demonstrate that frontline workers seek to limit the influence of political pressure on policy implementation to safeguard their professional autonomy and reputation. However, we observe that they may also occasionally engage in what we call “blame‐avoiding policy implementation.” While formally complying with the policy mandate, frontline workers exploit their street‐level discretion to make policy implementation less scandal‐prone and blameworthy, thereby lowering the likelihood of blame attacks. The findings have important implications for our understanding of policy implementation and the functioning of bureaucracy in more conflictual times.
“Without support, victims do not report”: The Co‐creation of a workplace sexual harassment risk assessment survey tool
Authors: Gómez‐González Aitor , Girbés‐Peco Sandra , González José Miguel Jiménez , Casado María Vieites 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWorkplace sexual harassment (WSH) remains a common experience for many women worldwide. European policies and guidelines point to the need to establish comprehensive WSH prevention programs and strategies. One of the strategies contemplated is establishing risk assessment and monitoring systems to prevent and identify WSH situations. However, few WSH risk assessment tools are currently available to European organizations and companies. This article analyses the co‐creation process that has led to developing an evidence‐based risk assessment survey tool (ST) to prevent in a wide diversity of work contexts. This process has involved experts, survivors, activists, and other relevant stakeholders. The research has been carried out based on the communicative methodology through the implementation of qualitative fieldwork. Furthermore, an extensive review of scientific literature and international guidelines has been carried out. The established co‐creation process has led to the inclusion of the Isolating Gender Violence approach in a risk assessment ST to prevent WSH for the first time.