bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anticoagulant activity analysis and origin identification of Panax notoginseng using HPLC and ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy
Authors: Cui Zhi‐Ying , Liu Chun‐Lu , Li Dan‐Dan , Wang Yuan‐Zhong , Xu Fu‐Rong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionPanax notoginseng is one of the traditional precious and bulk‐traded medicinal materials in China. Its anticoagulant activity is related to its saponin composition. However, the correlation between saponins and anticoagulant activities in P. notoginseng from different origins and identification of the origins have been rarely reported.ObjectivesWe aimed to analyze the correlation of components and activities of P. notoginseng from different origins and develop a rapid P. notoginseng origin identification method.Materials and methodsPharmacological experiments, HPLC, and ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy (variable selection) combined with chemometrics methods of P. notoginseng main roots from four different origins (359 individuals) in Yunnan Province were conducted.ResultsThe pharmacological experiments and HPLC showed that the saponin content of P. notoginseng main roots was not significantly different. It was the highest in main roots from Wenshan Prefecture (9.86%). The coagulation time was prolonged to observe the strongest effect (4.99 s), and the anticoagulant activity was positively correlated with the contents of the three saponins. The content of ginsenoside Rg1 had the greatest influence on the anticoagulant effect. The results of spectroscopy combined with chemometrics show that the variable selection method could extract a small number of variables containing valid information and improve the performance of the model. The variable importance in projection has the best ability to identify the origins of P. notoginseng; the accuracy of the training set and the test set was 0.975 and 0.984, respectively.ConclusionThis method is a powerful analytical tool for the activity analysis and identification of Chinese medicinal materials from different origins.
Risks of serious adverse events and kidney injury in patients treated with ibandronate: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mitsuboshi Satoru , Kotake Kazumasa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeveral reports suggest that adverse events caused by ibandronate are less serious than those associated with the other bisphosphonates. The purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to determine whether ibandronate has low rates of serious adverse events and kidney injury.MethodsRandomized controlled trials were selected, and the study populations consisted of adult patients with osteoporosis. The primary outcome was all serious adverse events and the secondary outcome was kidney injury. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to assess the quality of evidence.ResultsNineteen studies were eligible for inclusion. No significant difference in the rate of serious adverse events or that of kidney injury was found between ibandronate and placebo or between ibandronate and other bisphosphonates. However, a sensitivity analysis, which excluded studies at “high risk” of detection bias, found that the risk of serious adverse events was significantly lower for ibandronate than for the other bisphosphonates (risk ratio 0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.66–0.94, p < 0.01). This finding was assessed as high‐quality evidence when the GRADE criteria were applied. Only five studies (26%) reported kidney injury as an adverse event.ConclusionsLimited evidence was found to suggest that ibandronate may carry a lower risk of serious adverse events compared with other bisphosphonates. Further high‐quality randomized controlled trials are needed to compare the risk of kidney injury associated with the various bisphosphonates.
The rolB‐transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants exhibit upregulated ARF7 and ARF19 gene expression
Authors: Bose Rahul , Sengupta Mainak , Basu Debabrata , Jha Sumita 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAgrobacterium rhizogenes root oncogenic locus B (rolB) is known to induce hairy roots along with triggering several physiological and morphological changes when present as a transgene. However, it is still unknown how this gene triggers these changes within the plant system. In this study, the effect of rolB in‐planta, when present as a transgene, was assessed on the gene expression levels of auxin response factors (ARFs)—transcription factors which are key players in auxin‐mediated responses. The goal was to uncover Auxin/ARF‐driven transcriptional networks potentially active and working selectively, if any, in rolB transgenic background, which might potentially be associated with hairy root development. Hence, the approach involved establishing rolB‐transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants, selecting ARFs (NtARFs) for context‐relevance using bioinformatics followed by gene expression profiling. It was observed that out of the chosen NtARFs, NtARF7 and NtARF19 exhibited a consistent pattern of gene upregulation across organ types. In order to understand the significance of these selective gene upregulation, ontology‐based transcriptional network maps of the differentially and nondifferentially expressed ARFs were constructed, guided by co‐expression databases. The network maps suggested that NtARF7‐NtARF19 might have major deterministic, underappreciated roles to play in root development in a rolB‐transgenic background—as observed by higher number of “root‐related” biological processes present as nodes compared to network maps for similarly constructed other non‐differentially expressed ARFs. Based on the inferences drawn, it is hypothesized that rolB, when present as a transgene, might drive hairy root development by selective induction of NtARF7 and NtARF19, suggesting a functional link between the two, leading to the specialized and characteristic rolB‐associated traits.
Use of mechanical insufflation exsufflation and manual techniques in an intubated adult with COVID‐19 positioned in prone—A case study
Authors: Apps Chloe , Morris Kelly , Allum Laura , Shah Neeraj , Mylott Laura , Hinton Isobel , Spencer Danielle , Farley Rachel , Mitchell Hannah , Osman Leyla 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe therapeutic benefits of prone positioning have been described over the last 50 years culminating in a systematic review supporting this management strategy for patients with severe hypoxaemic respiratory failure. Early work detailing treatment approaches for COVID‐19 have advocated the use of prone positioning. Limited data exists regarding physiotherapy intervention in patients with COVID‐19 owing to the recent emergence of this novel disease. Despite the acknowledged beneficial effects of physiotherapy on secretion clearance and lung recruitment in the general critical care population, there is a lack of evidence pertaining to physiotherapeutic intervention for acutely unwell intubated adults in prone lying.MethodsThis case study report follows the CARE case report guidelines. One patient with COVID‐19 pneumonitis who underwent physiotherapy intervention in prone lying is discussed. Informed consent was gained from next of kin for data to be published.ResultsTreatment techniques including mechanical insufflation‐exsufflation in prone were feasible and well tolerated by this patient with only transient adverse effects noted. Treatment techniques assisted with secretion clearance.DiscussionFurther work on safety, feasibility, and efficacy of physiotherapy intervention in patients with and without COVID‐19 in prone will contribute to the evidence base on this subject.
Preparation and performance characteristics of spider venom peptide nanocapsules
Authors: Wei Zheng , Xu Junhu , Peng Xinya , Yuan Zitong , Zhao Chenchen , Guo Kunyan , Zhang Xuqian , He Ying , Zhang Zan , Wu Yan , Shen Guangmao , Qian Kun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundω‐hexatoxin‐Hvn1b is an insecticidal toxin produced by the Tasmanian funnel‐web spider (Hadronyche venenata), that can be exploited for development of novel bioinsecticides. Due to its larger size and low membrane permeability, this toxin usually has a slower mode of action compared to conventional small molecule insecticides. Nanoscale materials have unique optical, electrical, mechanical and biological properties, and show great application prospects for pesticide delivery.ResultsThe physical and chemical properties of nanocapsules were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, laser particle size analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, contact angle testing and with a fluorescence spectrophotometer. The results indicated that the nanocapsules were spherical, with an average particle size of 197.70 nm, the encapsulation efficiency rate was 75.82% and the Zeta potential was −32.90 mV. Penetration experiments showed that the nanocapsules could promote protein passage through the intestinal tract of Spodoptera litura and reach the body fluid. Then we expressed ω‐hexatoxin‐Hvn1b by prokaryotic expression. Bioassay results showed that the oral toxicity of ω‐hexatoxin‐Hvn1b nanocapsules to S. litura was higher than that of the ω‐hexatoxin‐Hvn1b.ConclusionIn this paper, we reported a construction method of spider venom peptide nanocapsules based on polylactic‐co‐glycolic acid by multiple emulsion for delivery of protein to improve the insecticidal effect and oral activity of ω‐hexatoxin‐Hv1a. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
The effect of UVB‐blocking plastics on the efficacy of Beauveria bassiana and a conventional product against Lygus lineolaris on low tunnel strawberry
Authors: Willden Samantha A , Ugine Todd A , Loeb Gregory M 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDEffective, safe and practical biocontrol options are greatly needed for combating Lygus lineolaris on protected culture strawberry. This study demonstrated how ultaviolet (UV)‐selective plastics can improve the efficacy of the fungal biocontrol agent Beauveria bassiana (Mycotrol) compared to the conventional insecticide acetamiprid (Assail) against L. lineolaris on low tunnel strawberry.RESULTSWe found that UVB‐blocking treatments improved B. bassiana spore viability in both in vitro and in vivo laboratory experiments. In the field, survival of Mycotrol‐treated sentinel L. lineolaris was lowest under UVB‐blocking low tunnels, but this did not translate into significant differences among covering treatments in local L. lineolaris density or fruit damage. In contrast, applying the product Assail resulted in the lowest L. lineolaris density and highest quality yield compared to Mycotrol sprays. This was especially pronounced under low tunnels of any UV‐limiting plastic.CONCLUSIONSThis study indicates that growing under low tunnels is a useful tool to improve the efficacy of conventional products and biopesticides containing microbial biocontrol agents. The efficacy of both products was improved under low tunnels, and specifically under UVB‐blocking plastics for Mycotrol containing B. bassiana. However, there was little evidence that UVB plastics resulted in lower L. lineolaris densities and proportion of damaged fruit for either product in the field. Therefore we conclude that growing under any plastic covering is likely to benefit growers, but the economic value of growing under UVB tunnels is unclear. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Identification and RNAi‐based functional analysis of chitinase family genes in Agrotis ipsilon
Authors: Li Daqi , Zhang Jianqin , Yang Yang , Liu Jiao , Lu Junjiao , Ren Meifeng , Abbas Mureed , Zhu Kun Yan , Zhang Jianzhen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDChitin is a major component in the extracellular matrix of insects, and its metabolism largely affects insect development and molting. As essential degradative enzymes, chitinases are encoded by multiple genes that differ in size, expression pattern and function in insects. However, our limited knowledge on the functions of different chitinases in Agrotis ipsilon has prevented our application of new technologies to target these genes as new pest management strategies.RESULTSWe revealed 11 full‐length complementary DNA sequences of chitinase genes (AiChts) from A. ipsilon transcriptome. Although the domain architecture of these chitinases varied greatly, they all contained at least one chitinase catalytic domain. Developmental stage‐ and tissue‐dependent expression profiles showed that most AiChts had the highest expression in the pupal stage. Furthermore, AiCht2, AiCht6, AiCht7 and AiCht10 were mainly expressed in the integument, whereas AiCht8 and AiCht‐h had the highest expression in the midgut. The RNA interference (RNAi) experiment revealed that knockdown of AiCht10 or the imaginal disc growth factor gene (AiIDGF) induced high larval mortality. Larvae failed to shed the old cuticle during molting after the injection of double‐stranded RNA targeting AiCht10 (dsAiCht10), whereas the larval bodies shrunk and blackened after the injection of dsRNA targeting AiIDGF (dsAiIDGF).CONCLUSIONOur results revealed for the first time the important functions of AiCht10 and AiIDGF in A. ipsilon. These genes are essential for larval development, and can potentially serve as new targets for RNAi‐based pest management. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Towards intelligent and integrated pest management through an AIoT‐based monitoring system
Authors: Rustia Dan Jeric Arcega , Chiu Lin‐Ya , Lu Chen‐Yi , Wu Ya‐Fang , Chen Sheng‐Kuan , Chung Jui‐Yung , Hsu Ju‐Chun , Lin Ta‐Te 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDMain bottleneck in facilitating integrated pest management (IPM) is the unavailability of reliable and immediate crop damage data. Without sufficient insect pest and plant disease information, farm managers are unable to make proper decisions to prevent crop damage. This work aims to present how an integrated system was able to drive farm managers towards sustainable and data‐driven IPM.RESULTSA system called Intelligent and Integrated Pest and Disease Management (I2PDM) system was developed. Edge computing devices were developed to automatically detect and recognize major greenhouse insect pests such as thrips (Frankliniella intonsa, Thrips hawaiiensis, and Thrips tabaci), and whiteflies (Bemisia argentifolii and Trialeurodes vaporariorum), to name a few, and measure environmental conditions including temperature, humidity, and light intensity, and send data to a remote server. The system has been installed in greenhouses producing tomatoes and orchids for gathering long‐term spatiotemporal insect pest count and environmental data, for as long as 1368 days. The findings demonstrated that the proposed system supported the farm managers in performing IPM‐related tasks. Significant yearly reductions in insect pest count as high as 50.7% were observed on the farms.CONCLUSIONIt was concluded that novel and efficient strategies can be achieved by using an intelligent IPM system, opening IPM to potential benefits that cannot be easily realized with a traditional IPM program. This is the first work that reports the development of an intelligent strategic model for IPM based on actual automatically collected long‐term data. The work presented herein can help in encouraging farm managers, researchers, experts, and industries to work together in implementing sustainable and data‐driven IPM. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Studies on Synthesis of Porphyrins – β‐Substituted with Multiple Nitrogen‐containing Groups
Authors: Rosa Mariusz , Ostrowski Stanisław 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of porphyrins with up to four nitrogen substituents at the β‐positions is described. meso‐Tetraarylporphyrin chelates (CuII, ZnII) upon reaction with nitric acid (yellow fuming HNO3, d=1.52, diluted to 30–50 %) in chloroform, under argon, gave mainly dinitro‐derivatives with combined yields of up to 57 %. These intermediates in the reaction with N,N,N‐trimethylhydrazinium iodide (TMHI) in the presence of a base (potassium methoxide, potassium hydroxide) formed β,β‐diamino‐β,β‐dinitro‐porphyrinates via vicarious nucleophilic substitution (VNS). The obtained products were characterized using 1H NMR, UV‐Vis, MS, and HR‐MS methods. Some attempts of further transformations (diazotisation followed by subsequent reactions, cyclizations, oxidation) were undertaken. At every stage of this investigation a number of various by‐products were identified. This type of highly nitrogen‐substituted β,β‐diamino‐β,β‐dinitro‐porphyrinates, practically not accessible by other methods, are attractive starting materials for synthesis of potential anticancer PDT agents.
Synthesis of Substituted Tropones and Advancement for the Construction of Structurally Significant Skeletons
Authors: Pradhan Priyankar , Das Ipsita , Debnath Saradindu , Parveen Syaleena , Das Tapas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTropones are commercially available and extremely valuable non‐benzenoid aromatic compounds. Tropone and its derivatives are very important building blocks that are immensely used in synthetic organic chemistry and other mechanistic studies. In the broad realm of cycloaddition reactions, tropones behave as versatile cycloaddition partners. In these reactions, they act as 4π, 6π or, 8π synthons. The cycloaddition products derived from tropone play a noticeable role in the synthesis of bioactive molecules. Tropone is a veritable example as a precursor for the synthesis of natural products.. Tropones are one of the major scaffolds in pharmaceutical chemistry. This review is focused on a few protocols for the synthesis of substituted tropones, tropolones and the racemic, asymmetric reactions of tropones that occurred in the last decade (2012–2021).
Green and Non‐Conventional Materials for Membrane Synthesis: A Review
Authors: Mir Fasil Qayoom , Hameed Faheem , Sajad Yamir , Mukhdoomi Bushra 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMembrane separation has been an upgrade in our quest for eco‐friendly processes because of its minimal energy usage and lesser waste generation. However, the most widely used membranes are polymeric membranes. Most of these membranes are non‐biodegradable and are replaced after deterioration/fouling and then discarded. Dumping without treatment on a large scale is a significant environmental problem. Green polymers only make up a limited percentage of all the new materials that are reported every year. We require more research in developing renewable, inexpensive membranes from waste materials to ensure progress with the least toll on the environment. Several reported green methods can partially achieve green synthesis. This ensures the least use of non‐biodegradable polymers in membranes. This review will emphasize the exploration of more natural materials given the target is to fabricate membranes in a way, where both raw material and membrane preparation are green.
A Facile and Inexpensive Way to Synthesize N‐trifluoromethyl Compounds
Authors: Schaub Stefan , Becker Jonathan , Schindler Siegfried 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA facile way to introduce CF3 groups on a large variety of secondary amines has been developed, avoiding expensive and hazardous reagents. The advantage of the method could be demonstrated by obtaining crystalline tert‐butyl 4‐(trifluoromethyl)piperazine‐1‐carboxylate, a compound that previously only had been obtained as an oil. A major problem is the extreme sensitivity of these compounds towards moisture.
Restoring force model of square tubular columns filled with extra‐high‐performance reactive powder concrete
Authors: Hao Wenxiu , Wei Xingna , Yu Wanli , Jiang Ruinian , Xu Xiao 
Published: June 2022

SummarySquare tubular column filled with extra‐high‐performance reactive powder concrete (RPC) is a novel composite structure that takes advantage of strong bending resistance of steel tubes and high compressive strength and toughness of RPC. To study the seismic performance of square tubular columns filled with RPC, a series of low‐cycle lateral loading tests were performed on four square tubular columns filled with RPC. The steel content and steel fiber content were selected as test parameters. Experimental results show that a higher steel content and 1% steel fiber result in good energy dissipation and deformation performance of specimens. To establish the restoring force model of square tubular columns filled with RPC, 18 column models with different steel content, axial compression ratio, and slenderness ratio were simulated and analyzed using ABAQUS. The simulation results show that a larger steel content and smaller slenderness ratio can improve the column bearing capacity, but the influence of axial compression ratio is negligible. A restoring force model considering stiffness degradation is proposed using a regression analysis method, which is in good agreement with the experimental results.
Dibutyl phthalate causesMC3T3‐E1cell damage by increasingROSto promote thePINK1/Parkin‐mediated mitophagy
Authors: Cui Yilong , Li Bo , Du Jiayu , Huo Siming , Song Miao , Shao Bing , Wang Ben , Li Yanfei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDibutyl phthalate (DBP) is a plasticizer widely used in daily production, which causes serious environmental pollution, and damage to brain, liver, kidney, and lung by producing excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) after entering the body. DBP can also cause skeletal dysplasia, but it is unclear whether ROS is involved. In addition, overproduction of ROS can activate mitophagy, which is an important mechanism for regulating mitochondrial quality and cell homeostasis. In order to investigate whether DBP can damage MC3T3‐E1 cells (osteoblast cell line) and whether ROS and mitophagy are involved, DBP toxicity experiment, Parkin gene silencing experiment, and N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) intervention experiment were performed on MC3T3‐E1 cells in turn. First, we found that DBP caused MC3T3‐E1 cell viability decline and osteogenic dysfunction, accompanied by the overproduction of ROS and the activation of mitophagy. Then, we found that silencing Parkin expression alleviated DBP‐induced apoptosis and osteogenic dysfunction of MC3T3‐E1 cells. In addition, NAC treatment inhibited the PINK1/Parkin‐mediated mitophagy and alleviated the apoptosis and osteogenic dysfunction of MC3T3‐E1 cells caused by DBP. Our research results showed that DBP could cause MC3T3‐E1 cell damage by increasing ROS to promote the PINK1/Parkin‐mediated mitophagy.
Recent progress of electroactive interface in neural engineering
Authors: Shan Yizhu , Cui Xi , Chen Xun , Li Zhou 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNeural tissue is an electrical responsible organ. The electricity plays a vital role in the growth and development of nerve tissue, as well as the repairing after diseases. The interface between the nervous system and external device for information transmission is called neural electroactive interface. With the development of new materials and fabrication technologies, more and more new types of neural interfaces are developed and the interfaces can play crucial roles in treating many debilitating diseases such as paralysis, blindness, deafness, epilepsy, and Parkinson's disease. Neural interfaces are developing toward flexibility, miniaturization, biocompatibility, and multifunctionality. This review presents the development of neural electrodes in terms of different materials for constructing electroactive neural interfaces, especially focus on the piezoelectric materials‐based indirect neuromodulation due to their features of wireless control, excellent effect, and good biocompatibility. We discussed the challenges we need to consider before the application of these new interfaces in clinical practice. The perspectives about future directions for developing more practical electroactive interface in neural engineering are also discussed in this review.This article is categorized under:
Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants
Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement