bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the climate benefits of a virtual versus an in-person format for an international conference
Authors: Lewy Jacqueline R. , Patnode Casey D. , Landrigan Philip J. , Kolars Joseph C. , Williams Brent C. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BackgroundAcademic institutions across the globe routinely sponsor large conferences. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many conferences have used all- or partially virtual formats. The conversion of the 2021 Consortium of Universities for Global Health (CUGH) conference, originally planned in-person for Houston, TX USA to an all-virtual format provided an opportunity to quantify the climate-related impacts of in-person versus virtual conferences. MethodsFrom the 2021 CUGH conference registration data, we determined each registrant’s distance from Houston. Using widely available, open-source formulas, we calculated the carbon footprint of each registrant’s round-trip drive or flight had they traveled to Houston. We assumed that registrants traveling more than 300 miles would have flown, with the remainder traveling by automobile. ResultsOf 1,909 registrants, 1,447 would have traveled less than 4,000 miles, and 389 would have traveled more than 10,000 miles round trip. Total travel-related carbon emissions were estimated at 2,436 metric tons of CO2, equivalent to preserving 2,994 acres of forest for a year.ConclusionsOrganizations can now readily quantify the climate cost of annual conferences. CUGH’s annual international conference, when held in-person, contributes significantly to carbon emissions. With its focus on promoting global health equity, CUGH may play a lead role in understanding the pros and cons for planetary health of in-person versus virtual conferences. CUGH and other organizations could routinely measure and publish the climate costs of their annual conferences.
Characterizing Intrinsic Molecular Features of the Immune Subtypes of Salivary Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
Authors: Kang Hyundeok , Seo Mi-Kyoung , Park BeumJin , Yoon Sun Och , Koh Yoon Woo , Kim Dahee , Kim Sangwoo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Characterising the tumor microenvironment (TME) and immune landscape of cancer has been a promising step towards discovering new therapeutic biomarkers and guiding precision medicine; however, its application in mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) has been sparse. Here, we conducted a comprehensive study to understand the properties of the TME and immune profiles of MEC.
Method
We collected primary tumor tissue samples from 20 patients with MEC who presented at the Yonsei Head and Neck Cancer Centre, Yonsei University, South Korea. Total RNA sequencing was conducted to determine gene expression profiles. Bioinformatic and immunoinformatic analyses were applied to characterise the TME and identify immunophenotypic subgroups, and to investigate the molecular features that explain the distinct phenotypes.
Results
The MEC samples were subdivided into two groups, immune hot and immune cold, based on the heterogenous immune cell-infiltration and activation level. The immune-hot subgroup exhibited a higher level of immune activity, including T cell infiltration, cytolytic score, IFN-γ, antigen-presenting machinery, and immune modulator genes. Further characterizing molecular features of two subgroups, downregulation of lipid metabolic regulators, including MLXIPL and FASN, and the migration of chemokines and leukocytes were observed, respectively. And, Group-specific expression of immune checkpoint molecules, such as TIGIT, PD-L2, and CTLA-4, was observed in the immune-hot group, which can be exploited as a potential immunotherapeutic biomarker.
Conclusions
Immunophenotypically heterogeneous MEC subgroups analysis have shown distinctive molecular characteristics and provided potential treatment options. These findings yield new insights into TME of MEC and may help next step to study this uncharted cancer
Predicting the outcome of open type IIIC tibial fractures regarding union, osteomyelitis, and amputation: A retrospective study
Authors: Chen Shih-Heng , Lien Po-Hao , Lan Ching-Yu , Hsu Chung-Cheng , Lin Cheng-Hung , Lin Yu-Te , Lin Chih-Hung , Yu Yi-Hsun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to assess factors that affect union time and complications in Gustilo IIIC tibial fractures.
Methods
This retrospective analysis included patients with IIIC open tibial fractures who visited our center from January 2000 to October 2020. Patient demographics, fracture characteristics, timing, numbers, and type of surgical intervention were documented. Outcomes included union time, occurrence of osteomyelitis, and amputation.
Results
Fifty-eight patients were enrolled and grouped by fracture type: eight as union on time (13.8%); 27 late union (46.6%); eight delayed union (13.8%); three nonunion (5.2%); and 12 amputations (20.7%). Nine fractures (15.5%) were complicated by osteomyelitis. Union time was prolonged in cases of triple arterial injury, distal third fractures, multiple trauma with Injury Severity Score ≥ 16, and increased length of bone defect. A bone gap > 50 mm, diabetes mellitus, low body mass index, and triple arterial injury in the lower leg were significant risk factors for amputation. Time from injury to definitive soft tissue coverage that was longer than 22 days was the major risk factor for osteomyelitis. The predicted probability of union within 2 years was stratified based on a scoring system predicting union time.
Conclusions
Gustilo IIIC tibial fractures involving the distal third of the tibia, fractures with bone defects, triple arterial injury, and multiple trauma with ISS ≥ 16 demonstrated delayed union, and an effective system predicting union time was built. Early soft tissue coverage reduces the risk of osteomyelitis, while diabetes and severe bone and soft tissue defects increase the risk of amputation.
Gender influence on Musculoskeletal Ultrasound (MSUS) finding among patients on maintenance haemodialysis. An Egyptian single centre study.
Authors: Besar Marwa Abo Elmaaty , Wahab Ass. prof. Ahmed Mohammed Abd EL , Nahhas Mohammed El 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Musculoskeletal disorders remain a major problem in long term hemodialysis patients. Objectives: Assessment the difference of MSUS finding among male and female haemodialysis patients. Methods: Musculoskeletal ultrasound assessment of articular and extraarticular tissues. Result: Fifty patients, mean age 52±16 years, 31 (62%) male and 19 (38%) female, maintained on regular hemodialysis (three times/ week) for 4.4 ± 3.8 years. Knee osteophytes with prepatellar effusion was the most common MSUS finding in 15/31 (48.4%) male patients while Subacromial subdeltoid bursa (SASD)bursa and planter fasciitis were evident in 2/19 (10.5%) female patients, successfully ultrasound guided corticosteroid injection. Conclusion: Soft tissue affection (SASD bursa, planter fasciitis and prepatellar effusion) more MSUS manifestation in female than male where knee osteophytes with prepatellar effusion is evident.
Sepsis modulates cortical excitability and alters the local and systemic hemodynamic response to seizures
Authors: ferlini lorenzo , Nonclercq Antoine , Su Fuhong , Creteur Jacques , Taccone Fabio Silvio , Gaspard Nicolas 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Non-convulsive seizures and status epilepticus are frequent and associated with increased mortality in septic patients. However, the mechanism through which seizures impact outcome in these patients is unclear. As previous studies yielded an alteration of neurovascular coupling (NVC) during sepsis, we hypothesized that non-convulsive seizures, might further impair NVC, leading to brain tissue hypoxia and to secondary brain injury. In an ovine model, seizures were induced by cortical application of penicillin. Animals were allocated to sham procedure or sepsis; septic animals were studied either during the hyperdynamic phase (sepsis group) or after septic shock occurrence (septic shock group). We recorded a greater seizure-induced increase in the EEG gamma power in the sepsis group than in sham. Using a neural mass model, we also showed that the activity of the inhibitory interneurons, crucial to induce gamma oscillations, were relatively greater in the sepsis group. However, the NVC was impaired in sepsis animals, despite a normal brain tissue oxygenation. In septic shock animals, it was not possible to induce seizures. Cortical activity declined in case of septic shock, but it did not differ between sham or sepsis animals. As the alteration in NVC preceded cortical activity reduction, we suggest that, during sepsis progression, the NVC inefficiency could be partially responsible for the alteration of brain function, which might prevent seizure occurrence during septic shock. Moreover, we showed that cardiac output decreased during seizures in sepsis animals instead of increasing as in shams. The alteration of the seizure-induced systemic hemodynamic variations in sepsis might further affect cerebrovascular response to neuronal activation. Our findings support the hypothesis that anomalies in the cerebral blood flow regulation may contribute to the sepsis-associated encephalopathy and that seizures might be dangerous in such a vulnerable setting.
Temporal sequencing in multimorbidity using population-scale linked data for 1.7 million individuals with 20-year follow-up
Authors: Owen Rhiannon , Lyons Jane , Akbari Ashley , Guthrie Bruce , Agrawal Utkarsh , Alexander Daniel , Azcoaga-Lorenzo Amaya , Brookes Anthony , Denaxas Spiros , Dezateux Carol , Fagbamigbe Adeniyi , Harper Gill , Kirk Paul , Özyiğit Eda , Richardson Sylvia , Staniszewska Sophie , McCowan Colin , Lyons Ronan , Abrams Keith 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Multimorbidity is defined as the coexistence of two or more chronic health conditions in an individual. The objective of this study was to examine how diseases in a cluster of physical-mental health multimorbidity with a high all-cause mortality (psychosis, diabetes, and congestive heart failure) develop and coexist over time, and to assess the associated impact of different temporal sequences on mortality. Population-scale, individual-level, anonymised, linked, demographic, administrative and electronic health record data were modelled using multi-state models for 1,675,585 individuals over a 20-year period (2000–2019). Cox regression models were used to estimate baseline hazards for transitions between states, adjusted for gender, age, and area-level deprivation. Our findings suggest that the order of disease acquisition in physical-mental health multimorbidity had an important impact and complex relationship on patient mortality. Individuals developing diabetes, psychosis, and congestive heart failure, in that order, had an increased all-cause mortality rate compared to the development of the same conditions in a different order, resulting in the highest loss in expectation of life of 13 years at age 50 compared to the general population. Congestive heart failure as a single condition and in combination with psychosis had an equally high loss in expectation of life. Identification and therapeutic targets for psychosis and congestive heart failure may be beneficial within 5 years following an initial diagnosis of diabetes. The use of multi-state models offers a flexible framework to assess temporal sequences of diseases and associated patient outcomes, and allows identification of potential risk factors, screening opportunities, and therapeutic targets in multimorbidity.
Implication of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes in the resistance of Holotrichia parallela larvae to EPN-Bt infection
Authors: Li Ertao , Wu Hanjia , Wang Zhimin , Li Kebin , Zhang Shuai , Cao Yazhong , Yin Jiao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Combining the entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), Heterorhabditis beicherriana LF strain and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) HBF-18 strain is a practical strategy to manage the larvae of Holotrichia parallela Motschulsky. However, the intrinsic resistance mechanism between H. parallela larvae and the EPN-Bt combination is unknown. Herein, antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT)] and detoxifying enzymes [carboxylesterase (CarE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)] of H. parallela larvae showed an activation-inhibition trend throughout the EPN-Bt exposure time course. Eight potentially key antioxidant and detoxifying enzyme genes in response to EPN-Bt infection were identified from the midgut of H. parallela larvae through RNA-seq. Spatiotemporal analysis showed they were ubiquitously expressed in all development stages and tissues. After silencing CAT, CarE, and GST1, the enzyme activities were significantly decreased by 30.29%, 68.80%, and 34.63%, respectively. Meanwhile, the mortality of grubs was increased by 18.40%, 46.30%, and 42.59% after exposure to EPN-Bt for 1 day. The expression level change trends of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), cap ‘n’ collar isoform-C (CncC), kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), and CarE were consistent when exposed to EPN-Bt. Furtherly, RNAi-mediated PI3K silencing showed a similar downregulated trend between PI3K/Akt/CncC and CarE. Furthermore, silencing PI3K rendered grubs more susceptible to EPN-Bt and accelerated symbiotic bacteria multiplication in grubs. Overall, these results suggest that PI3K/Akt/CncC pathway mediates the expression of CarE and participates in the resistance of H. parallela larvae to EPN-Bt infection.
Analysis of clinical features and prognostic factors associated with Hepatic Hydrothorax: A single center study from China
Authors: Ma Bo , Shang Tianling , Huang Jianjie , Tu Zhixin , Wang Yan , Han Yujin , Wen Xiaoyu , Jin Qinglong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: The clinical features and factors affecting prognostic survival of Hepatic Hydrothorax (HH) are currently unknown.Aims: We aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors associated with patients with HH.Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 131 patients with HH, using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional risk regression analysis to assess factors influencing the prognosis of HH.Results: A total of 131 patients were collected, male: female 80:51 (1.59:1), mean age 52.76±11.88 years, 30 survived and 101 died. Hepatitis B cirrhosis was the main cause of HH, accounting for 42% of cases. Abdominal distention and dyspnea were the most common clinical signs, present in 82.4% and 67.9% of patients, respectively. Ascites was present in varying amounts in all patients and was the most common decompensated complication, with pleural effusions mostly seen on the right side (107/131; 82%), followed by the left side (16/131; 12%) and bilateral effusions (8/131; 6%); 20 (15%) were treated with drug management alone, 111 (75%) patients were treated with drugs and thoracic intubation, with one patient treated with TIPS and three patients treated with liver transplantation at a later stage of treatment. Mortality rates were significantly higher in men than in women at all time points, with an overall 2-year mortality rate of 70.3% and a 5-year mortality rate of 100%. Univariate Cox proportional risk models indicating that gender, liver failure, hepatic encephalopathy, hyponatraemia, total bilirubin (TBIL), MELD score, and MELD-Na score were associated with survival (P < 0.05), and multifactorial Cox proportional risk models indicating that hepatic encephalopathy, hyponatraemia, and MELD score (P < 0.05) were independent risk factors for prognostic survival in patients with HH. Patients with HH had a worse prognosis with higher MELD scores and an even worse prognosis once combined with hyponatraemia, with a mean survival time difference of nearly two times.Conclusion: HH patients have a high mortality rate, and liver encephalopathy, hyponatremia, and the MELD score are significantly associated with their condition and prognosis.
The effect of 3-nitrooxypropanol, a potent methane inhibitor, on ruminal microbial gene expression profiles in dairy cows
Authors: Pitta Dipti W. , Indugu Nagaraju , Melgar Audino , Hristov Alexander , Challa Krishna , Vecchiarelli Bonnie , Hennessy Meagan , Narayan Kapil , Duval Stephane , Kindermann Maik , Walker Nicola 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Enteric methane emissions from dairy cows are an environmental problem as well as a gross feed energy loss to the animal. Methane is generated in the rumen by methanogenic archaea from hydrogen (H2) + carbon dioxide and from H2 + methanol or methylamines. The methanogenic substrates are provided by non-methanogens during feed fermentation. Methane mitigation approaches have yielded variable results, partially due to an incomplete understanding of the contribution of hydrogenotrophic and methylotrophic archaea to methanogenesis. Research indicates that 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) reduces enteric methane formation in dairy cows by inhibiting methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR), the enzyme responsible for methane formation. The purpose of this study was to utilize metagenomic and metatranscriptomic approaches to investigate the effect of 3-NOP on the rumen microbiome and to determine the fate of H2 that accumulates less than expected under inhibited methanogenesis.
Results
The inhibitor 3-NOP was more inhibitory on Methanobrevibacter species than methanol-utilizing Methanosphaera and tended to reduce the gene expression of MCR. Under inhibited methanogenesis by 3-NOP, fluctuations in H2 concentrations were accompanied by changes in the expression of [FeFe] hydrogenases in H2-producing bacteria to regulate the amount of H2 production. No previously reported alternative H2 sinks increased under inhibited methanogenesis except for a significant increase in gene expression of enzymes involved in the butyrate pathway.
Conclusion
By taking a metatranscriptomic approach, this study provides novel insights on the contribution of methylotrophic methanogens to total methanogenesis and regulation of H2 metabolism under normal and inhibited methanogenesis by 3-NOP in the rumen.
Predictors of Death for Hospitalized Patents with COVID-19 in the First Year of the Pandemic in Northern Brazil - A Retrospective Study
Authors: Sardinha Daniele Melo , Rodrigues Yan Corrêa , Ferreira Ana Lúcia da Silva , Lima Karla Valéria Batista , Guimarães Ricardo José de Paula Souza e , Lima Luana Nepomuceno Gondim Costa 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective
Identified predictors of death for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in the First Year of the Pandemic in Northern Brazil.
Methods
A longitudinal retrospective cohort study was carried out, using data from the Brazilian Ministry of Health's COVID-19 severe case and hospitalization notification forms, considering the period from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020. The extracted variables were related to the epidemiological profile and outcome of the disease. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, with chi-square test by contingency table, binary logistic regression, and survival analysis.
Results
Those vaccinated against influenza were associated with survivors in univariate and multivariate analysis, as well as survival analysis. The predictors of lethality were invasive ventilation (OR 6.627; CI 5.780–7.597), other pneumopathy (OR 1.901; CI 1.439–2.510), dyspnea (OR 1.899; CI 1.737–2.076), immunodeficiency (OR 1.905; CI 1.493–2.431), hospitalized in ICU (OR 1.764; CI 1.588–1.959), chronic kidney disease (OR 1.753; CI 1.396–2.203), diabetes mellitus (OR 1.210; CI 1.108–1.321), and male sex (OR 1.198; CI 1.111–1.293).
Conclusion
Those vaccinated against influenza were associated with survival; namely, they showed a lower risk of death in the regression and showed longer survival in the survival analysis, when compared to those who were not vaccinated. The lethality was higher than the other studies, while the predictors were similar. Evidencing that COVID-19 had more impact on deaths, which may be associated with the vulnerability factors of the region.
Empowering EFL Teachers for Scientific Writing in PPG Workshop: Writing Classroom Action Research Proposal
Authors: Suhirman Lalu , Rahayu Budi 
Published: April 2022

The aims of this paper are (1) to Enhance EFL teachers’ professional competence and skill in writing scientific papers of research results; (2) to produce scientific articles of EFL teachers’ investigation (minimally produce an action research proposal). This workshop was given to Pendidikan Profesi Guru - PPG (Teacher Professional Education). There were 33 EFL English teachers actively participating in the workshop. The content of the materials was how to discover themes and topics, how to write a proposal of classroom action research (CAR), and how to compose research of CAR, then how to create it into a scientific article. By having these skills, it was expected that they were able to report or write their own CAR and how to create it into a scientific article so that raise their position and prosperity. The PPG workshop for CAR took 10 hours and at the end of the workshop, the participants (the EFL teachers) are obliged to submit a classroom action research. After evaluating each CAR proposal project submitted by the EFL teachers, almost all of them wrote the CAR proposal well. But, in certain components, not all participants’ CAR proposals were categorized good, as well as the bibliography and language components, for bibliography, the participants must include a minimum of 17 to 20 reference lists derived from books and journals which cited as references in the body of the proposal. There were 45.45% of participants who listed 17 references and 45.45% of participants listed 20 references, and the remaining 9.9% included less than 17 references. For language, all participants used Indonesian, their reasoning was to make them easier to express thoughts and ideas in the proposal. It was also found that 87,87% of EFL teachers stated that they were able to identify the research problems, themes, and topics well. While there were 66,66% of EFL teachers described that they were able to decide CAR design, theory, quote, and paraphrase experts’ ideas well and 90,90% of them stated 17 to 20 titles of references.