bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptomics in advancing portunid aquaculture: A systematic review
Authors: Waiho Khor , Ikhwanuddin Mhd , Afiqah‐Aleng Nor , Shu‐Chien Alexander Chong , Wang Youji , Ma Hongyu , Fazhan Hanafiah 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe rapid advancement of next‐generation sequencing technologies has promoted the use of transcriptomics in non‐model organisms, including species in the aquaculture sector. Compared to that of other crustacean species, portunid crab aquaculture is impeded by the insufficient knowledge of their biological and physiological processes. This systematic review summarised the advances in transcriptomics in cultured portunid crabs using a systematic literature review methodology. The filtered transcriptome dataset comprised 66 articles from four genera: Scylla, Portunus, Callinectes and Charybdis. At the species level, Scylla paramamosain and Portunus trituberculatus were the two most studied species, highlighting their importance in the aquaculture sector. The affordable cost of RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) led to an increase in transcriptome‐related research in portunid crabs and made available a huge repertoire of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We further discussed the transcriptomic advances based on six main functional categories, that is, ‘growth and moulting’, ‘gonadal development and reproduction’, ‘nutrition metabolism’, ‘disease and immunity’, ‘toxicology and stress’ and ‘general transcriptomic profiling’. In general, transcriptomic studies of portunid crabs, specifically the DEGs and pathways allow an in‐depth understanding of the biological and physiological processes involved at different growth stages or under various conditions based on the difference in gene transcriptional activity. SNPs obtained from the transcriptome data are useful in many genetic improvement‐related downstream applications, including the construction of genetic linkage maps and as population genetic markers. Future directions, such as hybrid approaches of long‐read and common RNA‐Seq, and the incorporation of other omics were also discussed.
Expert network interaction in the European Medicines Agency
Authors: Schrama Reini 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe need for supranational regulatory capacity and the drive for governmental control are two colliding forces in international governance. As a solution to this governance dilemma, European administrative networks need to simultaneously fulfill the demand for supranational institutions and maintain governmental control. The assessment of risks associated with medicines authorized on the European market is carried out by such a network of national regulators as part of the European Medicines Agency. To uncover how these double‐hatted experts navigate the opportunity structures created by supranational and intergovernmental forces, this study employs social network analysis. Developing exponential random graph models, this study tests to what extent members can act as professional experts in service of the supranational administration and to what extent national features shape interaction. The results indicate that while PRAC members are socialized as professionals in service of supranational deliberation on pharmacovigilance, intergovernmental forces do structure their interactions.
Palliative care delivery at nursing homes before and after an educational intervention from professionals' perspective: A pre–post design
Authors: Åvik Persson Helene , Ahlström Gerd , Årestedt Kristofer , Behm Lina , Drevenhorn Eva , Sandgren Anna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe principles of palliative care were developed in hospices and specialised palliative care units and have not been sufficiently adapted to and evaluated in nursing homes. Therefore, an educational intervention from an interprofessional education perspective was performed within the project Implementation of Knowledge‐Based Palliative Care in Nursing Homes. The aim of this study was to evaluate professionals' experience of palliative care delivery before and after the educational intervention.MethodsThe educational intervention for nursing home professionals consisted of five 2‐h seminars over 6 months at 20 nursing homes. The intervention and control groups consisted of 129 and 160 professionals from 30 nursing homes respectively. The questionnaire ‘Your experience of palliative care’ was completed 1 month before (baseline) and after (follow‐up) the intervention. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated.ResultsThe positive effects at follow‐up concerned the use of a valid scale for grading symptoms, attendance to the needs of next of kin (including bereavement support), documentation of older persons' wishes regarding place to die and conversations about their transition to palliative care and about how they were treated.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates a promising interprofessional educational model. However, the paucity of improvements brought to light at follow‐up indicates a need for research directed towards a revision of this model. Supervision of professionals during palliative care delivery is one suggestion for change.
Feasibility of an evidence‐based educational intervention in screening immigrant mothers for postpartum depression: A pretest‐posttest experimental design
Authors: Skoog Malin , Rubertsson Christine , Kristensson Hallström Inger 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundScreening immigrant mothers for postpartum depression has been shown to be challenging for health care professionals in handling cultural implications of postpartum depression, communicating through interpreter and applying translated versions of the screening scale.AimThe aim of the study was to test the feasibility of an evidence‐based educational intervention for Child Health Services nurses in screening non‐native‐speaking immigrant mothers for postpartum depression.EthicsThe approval was obtained from Swedish Ethical Review Authority, 2018/1063.MethodThirty Child Health Services nurses who conducted screening with assistance of interpreter at least three times per year participated. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04167709) and a one‐group pretest‐posttest experimental design was applied. Data on the participants' acceptability and response to outcomes of the intervention were collected by an evaluation questionnaire, the Clinical Cultural Competency Training Questionnaire, the General Self‐efficacy Scale and by self‐reported data on general performance of the task. Descriptive statistics were used to present the results of the evaluation questionnaire and general performance of the task. Paired t‐test were used to compare the scores on the General Self‐efficacy scale, while Wilcoxon signed‐ranked test was used to compare the scores on the Clinical Cultural Competency Training Questionnaire. Qualitative data were analysed by content analysis.ResultsAll 30 participants stated that they found the content of the intervention satisfying. The intervention was shown to provide new knowledge and improved their ability to meet the requirements linked to the screening procedure. The intervention affected their self‐estimated cultural competence in some aspects but not their self‐efficacy or general performance of the task.ConclusionsThe intervention was found feasible but require adjustment in the design of the practical training sessions. The use of the provided material, a comic strip on parental support and interpreter information needs further evaluation.
Wage‐setting coordination in a small open economy*
Authors: Juvonen Petteri 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper studies wage‐setting coordination in a two‐sector, open economy dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model. Two large sectoral unions anticipate the effects of their wage demands on aggregate variables. In an open economy, there are externalities that the unions can take into account to increase aggregate welfare, but the strategic interaction between the sectoral unions tends to erode this gain. When wage coordination takes place through a wage norm set by either of the sectors, this minimizes the strategic interaction. However, wage norms create welfare losses as sector‐specific wage adjustment is required to make an efficient adjustment to shocks.
Beyond measurement of the motherhood penalty: How social locations shape mothers' work decisions and stratify outcomes
Authors: Deming Sarah Morgan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDespite the shrinking of the gender wage gap, women with children continue to experience earnings and career disadvantages that women without children do not experience. This review first summarizes how the severity of the “motherhood penalty” is influenced by a woman's marital status and class in ways that perpetuate existing inequalities. Next, it outlines how the same factors also play salient roles in determining women's workforce behaviors upon transitioning to motherhood, largely dictating the extent to which women's earnings and careers are negatively impacted by the arrival of children. After establishing the stratified lines upon which mothers' decisions are made, and the disparate financial ramifications of their decisions, the paper concludes with a call for future research into the mechanisms that propel mothers' labor market decisions.
Endorsing: An illustrative non‐example of responsive teaching
Authors: Gruver John , Hawthorne Casey 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe further conceptualize the work of responsive teaching by contrasting it with a type of teaching we call endorsing. We define responsive teaching as a type of teaching in which the teacher: (a) ensures students' ideas are the genesis of ways of reasoning that are eventually taken up by the classroom community and (b) continually assesses and adjusts the focus of class discussions to meet the evolving intellectual needs of the students. In contrast, endorsing occurs when a teacher uses student thinking to advance the mathematical agenda by selectively developing ideas that align with their goals and vision of how the ideas should be developed in class. This type of teachings lacks the second key feature of responsive teaching. We argue that endorsing can be problematic for students' individual learning and discuss implications for teacher development.
Present status and advances in bladder pain syndrome: central sensitisation and the urinary microbiome
Authors: Offiah Ifeoma , Campbell Rosie , Dua Anupreet , Bombieri Luigi , Freeman Robert 
Published: May 2022

Key content
Bladder pain syndrome (BPS) presents as a spectrum of urological symptoms with poorly understood pathophysiology. Bladder mucosal injury secondary to low grade sub‐clinical infection is a possible trigger, leading to nociceptive upregulation and, subsequently, central sensitisation.
Brain abnormalities associated with BPS suggest that neuropathological brain alterations exist, which may contribute to the perceived pain.
Central sensitisation plays a role in the disease pathophysiology via an augmentation in the responsiveness of the central pain signalling neurons.
The urinary microbiome is implicated as a trigger for the development and maintenance of BPS.
Future directions to improve treatment strategies include stratification of patients with BPS into subtypes such as peripheral or central disease and investigation of the urinary microbiome and bladder barrier replacement.
Learning objectives
To update clinicians’ knowledge of current research into the urinary microbiome and pain sensitisation in BPS pathophysiology.
To understand the biodiversity and abundance of urinary microbes and the role of peripheral and central pain sensitisation, which will help identify future management techniques for BPS.
Ethical issues
What are the consequences of long‐term antibiotics use for BPS management on bacterial resistance?
Arthroscopic removal of osteochondral fragments located within the condylar fossa of the third metacarpus/metatarsus in Thoroughbred yearlings
Authors: Barton Charlotte K. , Sandow Cole B. , Rodgerson Dwayne H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe an arthroscopic technique for the removal of osteochondral fragments located within the condylar fossa of the third metacarpal/tarsal bone.Study designRetrospective study.AnimalsThoroughbred yearlings (n = 11).MethodsOsteochondral fragments located within the condylar fossa of the third metacarpal/tarsal bone identified during presale radiographic examination were removed via arthroscopy, assisted with ultrasonography in select cases. Complete fragment removal was confirmed by intraoperative radiography.ResultsFragments were successfully removed using rongeurs following dissection of soft tissue attachments using a bipolar radiofrequency probe. No postoperative complications occurred.ConclusionsAn ipsilateral arthroscopic and instrument portal coupled with ultrasound assistance and a radiofrequency probe allowed for successful removal of fragments located within the condylar fossa of the third metacarpal/tarsal bone. The technique allowed for the removal of the unstable osteochondral fragment and associated physical debris.Clinical significanceThe described surgical technique enables the removal of osteochondral fragments located within the condylar fossa of the third metacarpal/tarsal bone with minimal disruption to the surrounding soft tissues.
Fine‐scale prevalence and genetic diversity of urban small mammal‐borne pathogenic Leptospira in Africa: A spatiotemporal survey within Cotonou, Benin
Authors: Dossou Henri‐Joël , Le Guyader Marine , Gauthier Philippe , Badou Sylvestre , Etougbetche Jonas , Houemenou Gualbert , Djelouadji Zouheira , Dobigny Gauthier 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLeptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that is caused by spirochete bacteria of the genus Leptospira. Around the world, one million people each year are infected, leading to 60,000 deaths. Infection occurs through contact with environmental pathogens excreted by mammals (notably rodents). Data on Leptospira and leptospirosis in Africa are rather scarce, especially in urban habitats though these appear to be favourable environments for the pathogen circulation and human contamination. Using qPCR, DNA sequencing as well as MST/VNTR approaches, we examined Leptospira occurrence and genetic diversity in 779 commensal small mammals that were sampled over 2 years in the city centre of Cotonou, Benin, from three neighbourhoods with contrasting socio‐environmental conditions. Overall prevalence reached 9.1%. However, very marked variations in both space and time were observed, with local peaks of high prevalence but no clear seasonal pattern. In most sites that could be regularly sampled, Leptospira‐positive rodents were found at least once, thus confirming the widespread circulation of the pathogen within small mammal communities of Cotonou. Interestingly, an unusual diversity of small mammal‐borne Leptospira species and genotypes was retrieved, with up to four species and three different genovars within the same neighbourhood, and even instances of two species and two genovars identified simultaneously within the same household. To our knowledge, such a high genetic diversity has never been described at such a fine scale, a fortiori in Africa and, more generally, within an urban environment. Altogether, our results underline that much remains unknown about leptospirosis as well as the associated infectious risk in African cities where the disease may be massively over‐looked.
Lack of renoprotective effects of targeting the endothelin A receptor and (or) sodium glucose transporter 2 in a mouse model of Type 2 diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Stuart Deborah , Peterson Caitlin S. , Hu Chunyan , Revelo Monica P. , Huang Yufeng , Kohan Donald E. , Ramkumar Nirupama 
Published: May 2022

Two recent clinical trials, using sodium glucose cotransporter (SGLT2) or endothelin-A receptor (ET-A) blocker, reported the first efficacious treatments in 18 years to slow progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). We hypothesized that combined inhibition of SGLT2 and ET-A receptor may confer greater protection against renal injury than either agent alone. Uninephrectomized male db/db mice were randomized to four groups: vehicle, SGLT2 inhibitor (dapagliflozin (dapa), 1 mg/kg/day), ET-A blocker (atrasentan (atra), 5 mg/kg/day), or dual treatment from 10 weeks until 22 weeks of age. At 10 weeks of age, no differences were observed in body weight, blood glucose or urinary albumin excretion among the four groups. At 16 and 22 weeks of age, body weight was lower and blood glucose levels higher in the vehicle and atra groups compared with dapa- and dual-treated groups. No notable differences were observed among the four groups in urinary albumin excretion at weeks 16 and 22. Histological analysis showed mild glomerulosclerosis and tubular injury (<5%) in all four groups with reduced glomerulosclerosis in the dual treatment group compared with vehicle. Individual or combined treatment with an SGLT2 inhibitor and (or) an ET-A antagonist did not confer renoprotective effects in this model.
Parton splitting scales of reclustered large-radius jets in high-energy nuclear collisions
Authors: Zhang Shan-Liang , Yang Meng-Quan , Zhang Ben-Wei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe carry out the first theoretical investigation on yields and the hardest parton splitting of large-radius jets reclustered from small radius ($$R=0.2$$

R
=
0.2

) anti-$$k_t$$

k
t

jets in Pb + Pb collisions, and confront them with the recent ATLAS measurements. The Linear Boltzmann Transport (LBT) model is employed for jet propagation and jet-induced medium excitation in the hot-dense medium. We demonstrate that, with their complex structures, the medium suppression of the reclustered large radius jets at $$R=1$$

R
=
1

is larger than that of inclusive $$R=0.4$$

R
=
0.4

jets defined conventionally. The large radius jet constituents are reclustered with the $$k_t$$

k
t

algorithm to obtain the splitting scale $$\sqrt{d_{12}}$$

d
12

, which characterizes the transverse momentum scale for the hardest splitting in the jet. The large-radius jet production as a function of the splitting scale $$\sqrt{d_{12}}$$

d
12

of the hardest parton splitting is overall suppressed in Pb + Pb relative to p + p collisions due to the reduction of jets yields. A detailed analyses show that the alterations of jet substructures in Pb + Pb also make significant contribution to the splitting scale $$\sqrt{d_{12}}$$

d
12

dependence of the nuclear modification factor $$R_{AA}$$

R

AA

. Numerical results for the medium modifications of the jet splitting angle $$\Delta R_{12}$$

Δ

R
12

and the splitting fraction z are also presented.
EPPS21: a global QCD analysis of nuclear PDFs
Authors: Eskola Kari J. , Paakkinen Petja , Paukkunen Hannu , Salgado Carlos A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe present an updated global analysis of collinearly factorized nuclear parton distribution functions (PDFs) at next-to-leading order in perturbative QCD. In comparison to our previous fit, EPPS16, the present analysis includes more data from proton-lead collisions at the Large Hadron Collider: 5 TeV double-differential CMS dijet and LHCb D-meson data, as well as 8 TeV CMS W$$^\pm $$

±

data. These new data lead to significantly better-constrained gluon distributions at small and intermediate values of the momentum fraction x, confirming the presence of shadowing and antishadowing for gluons in large nuclei. In addition, we include Jefferson Lab measurements of deeply inelastic scattering which probe nuclear PDFs at large x and low virtualities. For the first time within the Hessian framework, we now also explore the uncertainties of nuclear PDFs due to the errors in the baseline proton PDFs. We release the results of our analysis as a new public parametrization of nuclear PDFs called EPPS21.
Dietary L-Carnitine Alleviates the Adverse Effects Caused by Reducing Protein and Increasing Fat Contents in Diet Juvenile Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)
Authors: Liu Yi-Chan , Limbu Samwel M. , Wang Jin-Gang , Ren Jiong , Qiao Fang , Zhang Mei-Ling , Du Zhen-Yu 
Published: May 2022

Protein ingredients for formulation of fish feeds are expensive and have limited availability. Therefore, reducing dietary protein while increasing dietary fat content is a common practice in rearing carnivorous fish species. However, the ability of dietary L-carnitine to alleviate adverse effects in such diets is currently unknown. This study investigated the role of L-carnitine supplementation in alleviating adverse effects on growth performance, energy metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and inflammation response in juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed on a low protein and high fat diet. Three diets were formulated to contain low protein and high fat (LPHF: 420 g kg-1 protein and 150 g kg-1 lipid), LPHF supplemented with L-carnitine (LPHFC: 420 g kg-1 protein and 150 g kg-1 lipid), and a control diet (CON: 480 g kg-1 protein and 130 g kg-1 lipid). The diets were fed to 30 largemouth bass (

10.75
±
0.01

g) juveniles in triplicates for eight weeks. The results showed that the fish feed on LPHF diet increased hepatosomatic index, visceral somatic index, mesenteric fat index, whole-body crude fat content, serum and liver triglyceride concentrations, and serum non-esterified fatty acid level than those fed on CON diet. Moreover, the fish fed on LPHF diet increased serum alanine aminotransferase activity and liver malondialdehyde content and reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the serum and liver. Furthermore, the fish fed on LPHF diet reduced the whole-body crude protein content. Interestingly, feeding the fish on the LPHFC diet decreased fat deposition and liver damage by downregulating the expression of genes related to lipogenesis, inflammation, and increased SOD activity. This study indicates that L-carnitine supplementation in largemouth bass alleviates the adverse effects caused by LPHF diet by decreasing lipogenesis and increasing lipid catabolism. Our study provides novel knowledge on strategies to improve utilization of LPHF diet in cultured aquatic animals.