bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Convex Reformulation and an Outer Approximation for a Large Class of Binary Quadratic Programs
Authors: Rostami Borzou , Errico Fausto , Lodi Andrea 
Published: February 2022

Binary Quadratic Program with Variable Partitioning Constraints The binary quadratic program with variable partitioning constraints is a very general class of optimization problems that is very difficult to solve because of the nonconvexity and integrality of the variables and is ubiquitous, among others, in network design, computer vision, and transportation and logistics. In their article, “A convex reformulation and an outer approximation for a large class of binary quadratic programs,” Rostami et al. show how to transform such a nonconvex challenging problem into a convex bilinear program with decomposable structure. The authors develop a branch-and-cut algorithm based on outer approximation cuts, in which the cuts are generated on the fly by efficiently solving separation subproblems. The results of their computational experiments on different problems confirm the efficacy of the solution methods in solving large-scale problem instances.
Photon transport mediated by a trimer QED system with PT-symmetry
Authors: Li Haozhen , Zeng Ran , Zhou Xuefang , Hu Miao , Xia Xiuwen , Cheng Mu-Tian , Xu Jingping , Yang Yaping 
Published: February 2022

The photon transport in a pair of parallel waveguides mediated by a parity-time- (PT-) symmetric trimer QED system is investigated. We demonstrate that the transport behaviors of the incident photons transferring between different waveguides can be actively controlled by the PT symmetry. The efficiency of such photon transport can be tuned to be much larger than 100% when the optical gain is introduced, and the transfer intensity is robust against the weak coupling among the atom, the cavity modes, their corresponding coupling mismatch, as well as the atomic dissipation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that when the system is excited by two input fields, the relative phase of the two input signals can serve as a sensitive control parameter for manipulating the photon transport, and controllable directional amplification of the incident signal photons with a fixed frequency can be realized by modulating the relative phase. The obtained results can be useful for designing phase-dependent active nonreciprocal devices, i.e., a phase-sensitive directional amplifier.
Widely tunable and switchable multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber laser based on a single ring cavity
Authors: Mirza Jawad , Ghafoor Salman , Atieh Ahmad , Kanwal Benish , Qureshi Khurram Karim 
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we propose and demonstrate through numerical simulations a novel, to the best of our knowledge, widely tunable and switchable multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) operating in the 1524–1650 nm wavelength range covering the C-, L-, and U-bands. The EDFL is based on a single ring cavity and a single forward pump source operating at 980 nm wavelength. The length of the erbium-doped fiber and pumping configuration is optimized, enabling a wide tuning of 126 nm with an average lasing power of 15 dBm. Switchable multiple wavelengths are generated from the EDFL through an intracavity tunable optical filter (TOF) and a specially designed out-of-cavity comb filter (CF). Forty-nine wavelengths having average optical power and linewidth of around −10 dBm and 0.01 nm, respectively, are obtained at the output of the CF. Moreover, the free spectral range among the multiple wavelengths is adjusted easily by simply varying the frequency of sinusoidal radio frequency signal used to modulate the lasing signal obtained by tuning the intracavity TOF at a particular wavelength with the help of a dual-drive Mach–Zehnder modulator. The proposed EDFL is low cost, efficient, and highly stable with an average output power of around 15 dBm for 10% output coupling ratio over a 126 nm wide tuning range covering C-, L- and U-bands.
Reducing the noise of fiber supercontinuum sources to its limits by exploiting cascaded soliton and wave breaking nonlinear dynamics
Authors: Sierro Benoît , Hänzi Pascal , Spangenberg Dirk , Rampur Anupamaa , Heidt Alexander M. 
Published: February 2022

The low-noise and phase-coherent nonlinear transformation of a narrowband laser into a broadband supercontinuum (SC) in an optical fiber forms the basis of extremely precise applications ranging from optical frequency comb technology to ultrafast photonics and biomedical imaging. A major challenge of this process is the avoidance of incoherent nonlinear effects that amplify random quantum noise, requiring careful birefringence and dispersion engineering of the fiber. However, fundamental trade-offs exist between working in normal or anomalous dispersion regimes. Here, we combine the benefits of nonlinear dynamics in both regimes by cascading soliton compression and optical wave breaking in a hybrid fiber, formed by joining two widely available, commercial, polarization-maintaining step-index fibers exhibiting anomalous and all-normal dispersion, respectively. We experimentally demonstrate that this hybrid approach results in an ultra-low-noise fiber SC source covering the 930–2130 nm range with phase coherence near unity, spectrally resolved relative intensity noise (RIN) as low as 0.05%, and averaging 0.1% over a bandwidth of 750 nm, approaching the theoretical limits close to the pump laser noise. This corresponds to a doubling of the generated spectral bandwidth and a decrease of RIN by up to 1 order of magnitude compared to direct pumping of the individual fibers, where modulational polarization instabilities play a limiting role. Owing to its simplicity and its scalability to high repetition rates, our hybrid scheme is readily applicable to various laser platforms and could enhance the performance of applications such as hyperspectral nonlinear microscopy, coherent optical communications, and photonic signal processing.
From viability to cell death: Claims with insufficient evidence in high-impact cell culture studies
Authors: Özkaya Ali Burak , Geyik Caner 
Published: February 2022

Background
Reliability of preclinical research is of critical concern. Prior studies have demonstrated the low reproducibility of research results and recommend implementing higher standards to improve overall quality and robustness of research. One understudied aspect of this quality issue is the harmony between the research hypotheses and the experimental design in published work.

Methods and findings
In this study we focused on highly cited cell culture studies and investigated whether commonly asserted cell culture claims such as viability, cytotoxicity, proliferation rate, cell death and apoptosis are backed with sufficient experimental evidence or not. We created an open access database containing 280 claims asserted by 103 different high-impact articles as well as the results of this study. Our findings revealed that only 64% of all claims were sufficiently supported by evidence and there were concerning misinterpretations such as considering the results of tetrazolium salt reduction assays as indicators of cell death or apoptosis.

Conclusions
Our analysis revealed a discordance between experimental findings and the way they were presented and discussed in the manuscripts. To improve quality of pre-clinical research, we require clear nomenclature by which different cell culture claims are distinctively categorized; materials and methods sections to be written more meticulously; and cell culture methods to be selected and utilized more carefully. In this paper we recommend a nomenclature for selected cell culture claims as well as a methodology for collecting evidence to support those claims.
Manifestations, responses, and consequences of mistreatment of sick newborns and young infants and their parents in health facilities in Kenya
Authors: Abuya Timothy , Warren Charlotte E. , Ndwiga Charity , Okondo Chantalle , Sacks Emma , Sripad Pooja 
Published: February 2022

Background
Despite efforts to incorporate experience of care for women and newborns in global quality standards, there are limited efforts to understand experience of care for sick newborns and young infants. This paper describes the manifestations, responses, and consequences of mistreatment of sick young infants (SYIs), drivers, and parental responses in hospital settings in Kenya.

Methods
A qualitative formative study to inform the development of strategies for promoting family engagement and respectful care of SYI was conducted in five facilities in Kenya. Data were collected from in-depth interviews with providers and policy makers (n = 35) and parents (n = 25), focus group discussions with women and men (n = 12 groups), and ethnographic observations in each hospital (n = 64 observation sessions). Transcribed data were organized using Nvivo 12 software and analyzed thematically.

Results
We identified 5 categories of mistreatment: 1) health system conditions and constraints, including a) failure to meet professional standards, b) delayed provision of care; and c) limited provider skills; 2) stigma and discrimination, due to provider perception of personal hygiene or medical condition, and patient feelings of abandonment; 3) physically inappropriate care, including providers taking blood samples and inserting intravenous lines and nasogastric tubes in a rough manner; or parents being pressured to forcefully feed infants or share unsterile feeding cups to avoid providers’ anger; 4) poor parental-provider rapport, expressed as ineffective communication, verbal abuse, perceived disinterest, and non-consented care; and 5) no organized form of bereavement and posthumous care in the case of infant’s death. Parental responses to mistreatment were acquiescent or non-confrontational and included feeling humiliated or accepting the situation. Assertive responses were rare but included articulating disappointment by expressing anger, and/or deciding to seek care elsewhere.

Conclusion
Mistreatment for SYIs is linked to poor quality of care. To address mistreatment in SYI, interventions that focus on building better communication, responding to the developmental needs of infants and emotional needs for parents, strengthen providers competencies in newborn care, as well as a supportive, enabling environments, will lead to more respectful quality care for newborns and young infants.
Personal attributes and attitudes to substance use disorder: A study among Jordanian undergraduate medical majors students
Authors: Abuhammad Sawsan , Hatamleh Reem , Alrawashdeh Mohammad , Alrabadi Nasr , Mukattash Tareq , Abuhammad Mai , Howard Kimberly 
Published: February 2022

Background
Emerging health professionals in undergraduate programs should be equipped to provide care to people with substance use disorder (SUD). The students’ personal attributes may impact their attitude toward those with SUD. This study aims to evaluate the impact of personal attributes of Jordanian undergraduate health students on their attitudes toward SUD and examine the relationship between the personal attributes and their devaluation and discriminatory (stigmatory) behaviour toward those with SUD.

Method
A cross-sectional descriptive design was used to examine the attitudes and stigmatory behaviours. The data were collected between May to October 2017 with a structured questionnaire that consisted of three parts: 1) a data sheet to collect the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants, 2) the Acute Mental Health Scale (ATAMHS), and 3) the Devaluation-Discrimination Scale (DDS).

Findings
Younger and females demonstrated a positive attitude toward those with SUD compared to older or male students. Age, gender, and previous experience with SUD are significant factors that affect their attitude.

Conclusion
Identifying the attitude to people with SUD and personal attributes of emerging health professionals in Jordan will help identify the need to educate them prior to their entry into practice.
Household decision-making and the mental well-being of marriage-based immigrant women in South Korea
Authors: Lee Eunji , Kim Soo In , Jung-Choi Kyunghee , Kong Kyoung Ae 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveWe assessed the association between household decision-making and mental well-being among Asian immigrant women residing in Korea. We also investigated if the impact varies by the regional origin and examined potential factors for joint decision-making.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study using the Korean National Survey of Multicultural Families 2015 and logistic regression. We analyzed data from 11,188 married immigrant women ages 20 to 59 who were originally from East Asia or Southeast/South Asia and co-living with their spouses. We defined households as joint-decision, wife-decision, or husband-decision based on who decides how living expenses are spent. Mental well-being encompassed a depressive mood for two consecutive weeks, and life and marital satisfaction.ResultsAfter controlling for covariates, we showed that immigrant women in husband-decision households were more likely to have depressive mood (odds ratio [OR] 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14–1.38), poorer life satisfaction (OR 1.49, 95% CI: 1.24–1.78), and poorer marital satisfaction (OR 1.81, 95% CI: 1.47–2.22) than women in joint-decision households. Immigrant women in wife-decision households had a similar but slightly lower odds of poor mental well-being. This association was less prominent for Southeast/South Asian origin than East Asian origin, while the age-adjusted prevalence rates of poor mental well-being among them were higher than their East Asian counterparts. Factors that restricted the odds of husband-decision did not necessarily guarantee wife-decision.ConclusionsThis study suggests one-sided decision-making can be a risk factor for immigrant women’s poor mental well-being, while joint decision-making is protective. Differences across regional origins suggest domestic decision-making might be a less important predictor for mental well-being in immigrants more occupied with adapting to the host society. Factors for joint decision-making should be addressed to improve the mental well-being of immigrant women.
Association between living in municipalities with high crowding conditions and poverty and mortality from COVID-19 in Mexico
Authors: Ríos Viridiana , Denova-Gutiérrez Edgar , Barquera Simón 
Published: February 2022

Background
The World Health Organization stated a pandemic by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus SARS-Cov2 (COVID-19) on March, 2020 with devastating implications for populations, healthcare systems, and economies globally.

Objective
The present study explores the association between patients living in municipalities with crowding conditions and poverty and mortality from COVID-19 in Mexico; specifically evaluating the socioeconomic characteristics of the municipality in which the patients reside and some individual characteristics.

Methods
In the present study, we examined public information collected from the National Epidemiological Surveillance System informing all persons tested for SARS-CoV-2 and published by the Ministry of Health. The present analysis was restricted to those with the date of registration to October 12, 2021. The association between the main exposures (overcrowded conditions and poverty) and the outcomes of interest (death by COVID-19) was explored using Cox proportional hazard regression models, including frailty penalties to accommodate multilevel data and random effects for the municipality of case occurrence.

Results
A total of 9619917 subjects were included in the Epidemiological Surveillance System for viral respiratory disease platform. Of those for which results were available, 6141403 were negative for COVID-19 and 3478514 were positive for COVID-19; with a total of 273216 deaths in those who tested positive. Among those positive to COVID-19 mean age was 46.9. Patients living in municipalities with high rates of crowding conditions increased the risk of dying from COVID-19 by 8% (95% CI: 1.03, 1.14). Individuals living in municipalities with indigenous background was associated with an increased risk of dying from COVID-19 (HR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.17). Individuals living in municipalities with illiteracy (HR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.11), poverty (HR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.19), food insecurity (HR = 1.094; 95% CI 1.02, 1.06), limited access to social security (HR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.13) and health services (HR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.08) had a higher risk of mortality from COVID-19.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that patients living in municipalities with higher rates of crowding conditions and higher rates of poverty had elevated risk of mortality from COVID-19. In Mexico, the COVID-19 pandemic is a systemic crisis linked to human development since we have seen that it affects less developed and more vulnerable municipalities. Policies to reduce vulnerabilities and develop strategies to deal with health crises like the current one needs to be considered.
Serum uric acid level and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Kang Ting , Hu Youchun , Huang Xuemin , Amoah Adwoa N. , Lyu Quanjun 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThe association between serum uric acid (SUA) and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients is controversial. Therefore, we aimed to determine the relationship between SUA and all-cause and CVD mortality in PD patients.MethodWeb of Science, EMBASE, PubMed and the Cochrane Library databases were searched from their inception to 7 April 2021. Effect estimates were presented as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) and pooled using random effects model.ResultThirteen cohort studies with 22418 patients were included in this systematic review, of which 9 were included in the meta-analysis. Before switching the reference group, pooled result for the highest SUA category was significantly greater than the median for all-cause mortality (HR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.37–4.26). After switching the reference group, the highest SUA category did not demonstrate an increased all-cause (HR = 1.40, 95% CI: 0.95–2.05) or CVD (HR = 1.30, 95% CI: 0.72–2.34) mortality compared with the lowest SUA category. Dose-response analysis suggested a nonlinear association between SUA and all-cause mortality risk (Pnonlinearity= 0.002).ConclusionThis meta-analysis didn’t find the relationship between SUA levels and all-cause and CVD mortality risk in PD patients. More rigorously designed studies are warranted in the future.
Imaging visuospatial memory in temporal lobe epilepsy—Results of an fMRI study
Authors: Schmidbauer Victor , Nenning Karl-Heinz , Schwarz Michelle , Foesleitner Olivia , Mayr-Geisl Gudrun , Yildirim Mehmet Salih , Pirker Susanne , Moser Doris , Denk Daniela , Prayer Daniela , Trimmel Karin , Langs Georg , Baumgartner Christoph , Pataraia Ekaterina , Kasprian Gregor , Bonelli Silvia 
Published: February 2022

Purpose
Impairment of cognitive functions is commonly observed in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The aim of this study was to assess visuospatial memory functions and memory-related networks using an adapted version of Roland’s Hometown Walking (RHWT) functional MRI (fMRI) task in patients with TLE.

Methods
We used fMRI to study activation patterns based on a visuospatial memory paradigm in 32 TLE patients (9 right; 23 left) and also within subgroups of lesional and non-lesional TLE. To test for performance, a correlational analysis of fMRI activation patterns and out-of-scanner neuropsychological visuospatial memory testing was performed. Additionally, we assessed memory-related networks using functional connectivity (FC).

Results
Greater contralateral than ipsilateral mesiotemporal (parahippocampal gyrus/hippocampus) activation was observed in left (n = 23)/right (n = 9) TLE. In lesional left TLE (n = 17), significant activations were seen in right more than left mesiotemporal areas (parahippocampal gyrus), while non-lesional left TLE patients (n = 6) showed significant bilateral (left>right) activations in mesiotemporal structures (parahippocampal gyrus). In left TLE, visuospatial cognitive testing correlated with fMRI activations in left (parahippocampal gyrus) and right mesiotemporal structures (hippocampus), characterized by greater fMRI activation being associated with better memory scores. In right TLE, higher scores in visuospatial memory testing were associated with greater fMRI activations in left and right insular regions. FC patterns of memory-related networks differ in right and left TLE.

Conclusion
While TLE in general leads to asymmetrical mesiotemporal activation, lesion-induced and non-lesional TLE patients reveal different memory fMRI activation patterns. In right TLE, insular regions try to compensate for impaired right mesiotemporal structures during the performance of visuospatial tasks. Underlying functional visuospatial memory networks differ in right and left TLE.
ALTERIDADE, DIFFERÁNCE E MINISTÉRIO PÚBLICO EM TEMPOS DE CORONAVÍRUS
Authors: Souza Cruz Álvaro Ricardo de , Nogueira Bernardo G. B. , Silva Diogo Bacha e 
Published: February 2022

O artigo apresenta a atuação do Ministério Público em meio à pandemia do coronavírus e busca uma reinterpretação dos princípios constitucionais da unidade institucional e independência funcional que estruturam a atuação ministerial na Constituição de 1988. A partir da fenomenologia derridiana, a interpretação fechada dos princípios tanto pode ser considerada como veneno ou remédio para o Estado Democrático de Direito. Então, a saída é para o infinito, o Outro, o Rosto. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Ministério Público, Unidade institucional, Independência funcional, Estado Democrático de Direito.
O DIÁLOGO ENTRE PODERES E O REEQUILÍBRIO INSTITUCIONAL: A (IN)EFICIÊNCIA DO DIÁLOGO NO COMBATE AO EMPODERAMENTO JUDICIAL
Authors: Britto Melina Carla de Souza , Erzinger Fernanda Huss , Barbosa Claudia Maria 
Published: February 2022

Investiga-se a interação dialógica entre Legislativo e Judiciário e se tal diálogo pode ser um instrumento para combater o empoderamento judicial ou se acaba servindo de disfarce para o exercício do poder decisório sobre questões políticas, sociais e econômicas pelo Judiciário. Indaga-se se o diálogo institucional conseguiria romper a supremacia estabelecida pelo Judiciário. Averígua-se se o diálogo, por si só, é capaz de restabelecer o equilíbrio necessário entre o Legislativo e o Judiciário. O que se constata, por intermédio do método dedutivo de análise e de um estudo de revisão bibliográfica é que podem existir argumentos a favor e contrários ao diálogo institucional e que ele pode servir para combater a supremacia judicial e o sufocamento dos demais poderes. Percebe-se que o que lhe falta é a eficiência no diálogo aberto e entre iguais, bem como a participação popular, prezando pelo prevalecimento da democracia e do constitucionalismo. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Separação de poderes, Poder Judiciário, reequilíbrio institucional, diálogo institucional.