bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel application of intravascular lithotripsy in stent under‐expansion: A single‐center experience
Authors: Hinton Jonathan , Mariathas Mark , Chan Elizabeth , Patel Amit , Singh Satnam , Konstantinou Klio , Din Jehangir , Kodoth Vivek , Levy Terry , Swallow Rosie , Talwar Suneel , O'Kane Peter 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionStent under‐expansion due to calcification is associated with a less durable result. The development of intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) has provided clinicians with a readily available, simple‐to‐use treatment option for coronary calcification, but the use of IVL within a previously stented segment is currently off‐license. There are, however, developing data suggesting that the use of IVL can be an effective treatment option for patients with calcific stent under‐expansion.MethodThis was a single‐center study of all patients treated with IVL for calcific stent under‐expansion between January 2019 and June 2021. The impact of IVL on quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) stenosis and on the minimal stent area (MSA) derived from intracoronary imaging were recorded. The presence of periprocedural complications and adverse cardiovascular events was obtained from the clinical record during the study timeframe.ResultsThirty‐nine patients underwent IVL for calcific stent under‐expansion during the study time frame with one patient treated with more than one lesion in the same session. In all lesions, there was an improvement in the QCA stenosis with 37 (92.5%) having a residual stenosis of ≤30%. The mean QCA stenosis pre‐IVL was 68 ± 21% and following IVL the mean QCA was 18 ± 9% (p < 0.001). In all lesions, there was an improvement in the MSA, with 26 (92.9%) achieving an MSA of more than 4.5 mm2. The mean MSA pre‐IVL was 3.88 ± 1.51 mm2 and following IVL the mean MSA was 7.41 ± 2.34 mm2 (p < 0.001). There were no major procedural complications. Over a mean follow‐up of 506 ± 277 days, one patient died from ventricular arrhythmia but there were no other major adverse cardiovascular events.ConclusionThis single‐center study demonstrates that IVL is a safe and effective treatment for calcific stent under‐expansion with good medium‐term results.
Short‐term dual antiplatelet therapy for 1–3 months after percutaneous coronary intervention using drug eluting stents: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Rout Amit , Sharma Abhishek , Ikram Sohail , Garg Aakash 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) duration and regimen in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using current generation drug eluting stents (DES) is still unclear.AimsTo compare the safety and efficacy of short‐term DAPT (S‐DAPT) with longer duration DAPT (l‐DAPT) after contemporary PCI.MethodsWe searched for studies comparing S‐DAPT (≤3 months) followed by single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT) with aspirin or a P2Y12 inhibitor against L‐DAPT (6−12 months) after PCI with current generation DES. Primary end‐points of interest were major bleeding and stent thrombosis (ST) at 1 year. Random‐effects meta‐analyses were performed to calculate odds ratios with 95% CIs.ResultsEleven RCTs (n = 48,946) were included in the primary analysis. Major bleeding was significantly lower with S‐DAPT (n = 24,424) (odd ratio [OR 0.65; 95% confidence interval, CI 0.52−0.80]) compared with L‐DAPT (n = 24,486). There were no differences in ST between the two groups [OR 1.26; 95% CI 0.97−1.63]. There were no significant differences in risks of all‐cause death, cardiovascular death or myocardial infarction between S‐DAPT and L‐DAPT groups. In a subgroup analysis, there was borderline significantly higher ST with 1 month S‐DAPT [1.39; 1.0–1.92], but not with 3 months S‐DAPT [1.07; 0.70−1.64], when compared to L‐DAPT. Finally, there were no significant treatment interactions observed when trials using SAPT with aspirin were compared with those using P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy.ConclusionAmong patients undergoing current generation DES implantation, S‐DAPT for 1−3 months reduces major bleeding without an increase in ischemic events compared with L‐DAPT. Three months S‐DAPT might provide a better risk‐benefit profile based on current analysis. Further study is needed to define the SAPT of choice after 1−3 months DAPT.
Porous heterostructure of graphene/hexagonal boron nitride as an efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen peroxide generation
Authors: Fan Mengmeng , Wang Zeming , Zhao Yuying , Yuan Qixin , Cui Jian , Raj Jithu , Sun Kang , Wang Ao , Wu Jingjie , Sun Hao , Li Bei , Wang Liang , Jiang Jianchun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCompared with the traditional heteroatom doping, employing heterostructure is a new modulating approach for carbon‐based electrocatalysts. Herein, a facile ball milling‐assisted route is proposed to synthesize porous carbon materials composed of abundant graphene/hexagonal boron nitride (G/h‐BN) heterostructures. Metal Ni powder and nanoscale h‐BN sheets are used as a catalytic substrate/hard template and “nucleation seed” for the formation of the heterostructure, respectively. As‐prepared G/h‐BN heterostructures exhibit enhanced electrocatalytic activity toward H2O2 generation with 86%–95% selectivity at the range of 0.45–0.75 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and a positive onset potential of 0.79 versus RHE (defined at a ring current density of 0.3 mA cm−2) in the alkaline solution. In a flow cell, G/h‐BN heterostructured electrocatalyst has a H2O2 production rate of up to 762 mmol gcatalyst−1 h−1 and Faradaic efficiency of over 75% during 12 h testing, superior to the reported carbon‐based electrocatalysts. The density functional theory simulation suggests that the B atoms at the interface of the G/h‐BN heterostructure are the key active sites. This research provides a new route to activate carbon catalysts toward highly active and selective O2‐to‐H2O2 conversion.
PtSnBi Nanoplates Enable Photoacoustic Imaging‐Guided Highly Efficient Photothermal Tumor Ablation
Authors: Li Xinhao , Hu Huijun , Shi Yu , Liu Yongchun , Zhou Min , Huang Zhaoxin , Li Jingchao , Ke Guoliang , Chen Mei , Zhang Xiao‐Bing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe development of photothermal agents (PTAs) with robust photostability and high photothermal conversion efficiency is of great importance for cancer photothermal therapy. Herein, a novel PTA was created using two‐dimensional intermetallic PtSnBi nanoplates (NPs), which demonstrated excellent photostability and biocompatibility with a high photothermal conversion efficiency of ∼61 % after PEGylation. More importantly, PtSnBi NPs could be employed as photoacoustic imaging contrast agents for tumor visualization due to their strong absorbance in the NIR range. In addition, both in vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that PtSnBi NPs had a good photothermal efficacy under NIR laser irradiation. Therefore, the remarkable therapeutic characteristics of PtSnBi NPs make them a most promising candidate for cancer theranostics.
Im Wettlauf mit den Energiepreisen
Authors: Wettring Marcel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBesonders hohe Potenziale, um Energiekosten zu senken, bietet die Optimierung thermischer Prozesse. Durch gezielte Optimierungsmaßnahmen im Zuge der Leading‐Eco‐Solutions von Allgaier Process Technology können Energieeffizienz und Umweltverträglichkeit von thermischen Trocknungsprozessen deutlich verbessert werden.
Effizienz prüfen kann Kosten sparen
Authors: Reisner Timo , Strebel Maike 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGerade in jüngster Zeit gewinnt die Frage der Energieeffizienz durch den Anstieg der Energiepreise zusätzlich massiv an Fahrt. Der Industrie kommt bei der Einsparung von Energie neben den Privathaushalten, dem Gewerbe und dem Verkehrssektor eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Welche Bedeutung hat die Energieeffizienz von Prozesskühlern für die chemische Industrie? Und wie wird sie gemessen?
Liquid–liquid equilibrium and mechanism study on separation of short carbon chain hydrocarbon mixtures by Cyrene
Authors: Geng Chuanqi , Li Xinyu , Wu Xiaojia , Yu Hui , Zhang Fan , Zhou Zhiyong , Ren Zhongqi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe separation of short‐chain hydrocarbon mixtures is of great significance for the efficient utilization of fossil energy. Liquid–liquid extraction, as one of the commonly used treatment methods, has significant advantages in terms of operation conditions and energy consumption. As a new dipolar aprotic solvent developed in recent years, dihydrolevoglucosenone (Cyrene) has a wide range of sources and a green composition. In this paper, the liquid–liquid equilibrium and extraction mechanism of Cyrene and five hydrocarbon mixtures with short carbon chains, including toluene/n‐heptane, toluene/cyclohexane, n‐hexane/cyclohexane, n‐pentane/pentene, and n‐hexane/hexene, have been studied by combining experiments and quantum chemical calculations, and the extraction effects under different conditions have been investigated. The results showed that the forces between Cyrene and the different solutes are mainly van der Waals (VDW) forces dominated by dispersion forces, with some weak hydrogen bonds present. Due to the difference in interaction energy, the order of extraction selectivity was toluene‐n‐heptane > toluene‐cyclohexane > n‐hexane‐hexene > n‐hexane‐cyclohexane > n‐pentane‐pentene, and the order of distribution coefficients of the extracted components (aromatics, olefins, and cycloalkanes) was toluene > pentene > hexene > cyclohexane. The dissolution processes of all systems were heat‐absorbing, and they all reached the extraction equilibrium within 60 s. The reliability of the experimental data was verified using the Othmer–Tobias equation and the Hand equation, and the binary interaction parameters of all systems were obtained by the non‐random two liquid (NRTL) model, providing basic data and references for the subsequent studies on the separation of Cyrene and short‐chain hydrocarbons.
Coronary artery calcium and cystatin C for risk stratification of MACCEs and all‐cause death in symptomatic patients
Authors: Luo Fan , Luo Jun‐Yi , Liu Fen , Qiu Ya‐Jing , Tian Xin‐Xin , Zeng Lu , Zhang Zhuo‐Ran , Li Xiao‐Mei , Yang Yi‐Ning 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine the independent and joint associations of baseline coronary artery calcium score (CACS) and cystatin C (Cys‐C) with the risk of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) and all‐cause death in symptomatic populations.MethodsThe study included 7140 patients with symptom of chest pain who underwent cardiac computerized tomography examinations to measure CACS. All of them had serum Cys‐C results. Endpoints were set for MACCEs and all‐cause death events.ResultsA total of 7140 participants were followed for a median of 1106 days. A total of 305 patients had experienced MACCEs and 191 patients had experienced all‐cause death. CACS ≥ 100 and Cys‐C ≥ 0.995 mg/L were independently associated with an increased risk of MACCEs (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15–1.85; p = .002 and adjusted HR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.24–2.00; p < .001, respectively). Compared with CACS < 100 and Cys‐C < 0.995 mg/L patients, CACS ≥ 100 and Cys‐C ≥ 0.995 mg/L patients had the highest risk of MACCEs and all‐cause death (adjusted HR: 2.33; 95% CI: 1.64–3.29; p < .001 and adjusted HR: 2.85; 95% CI: 1.79–4.55; p < .001, respectively). Even in patients with CACS < 100, Cys‐C ≥ 0.995 mg/L was also associated with a higher risk of MACCEs and all‐cause death than Cys‐C < 0.995 mg/L (adjusted HR: 1.76; p = .003 and adjusted HR: 2.02; p = .007, respectively).ConclusionsThe combined stratification of CACS and Cys‐C showed an incremental risk of MACCEs and all‐cause death, reflecting complementary prognostic value. Our results support the combination of the two indicators for risk stratification and event prediction.
Baseline extracellular vesicle TGF‐β is a predictive biomarker for response to immune checkpoint inhibitors and survival in non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: de Miguel‐Perez Diego , Russo Alessandro , Gunasekaran Muthukumar , Buemi Francesco , Hester Lisa , Fan Xiaoxuan , Carter‐Cooper Brandon A. , Lapidus Rena G. , Peleg Ariel , Arroyo‐Hernández Marisol , Cardona Andres F. , Naing Aung , Hirsch Fred R. , Mack Philip C. , Kaushal Sunjay , Serrano Maria Jose , Adamo Vincenzo , Arrieta Oscar , Rolfo Christian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundImmune‐checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are an effective therapeutic strategy, improving the survival of patients with lung cancer compared with conventional treatments. However, novel predictive biomarkers are needed to stratify which patients derive clinical benefit because the currently used and highly heterogenic histological PD‐L1 has shown low accuracy. Liquid biopsy is the analysis of biomarkers in body fluids and represents a minimally invasive tool that can be used to monitor tumor evolution and treatment effects, potentially reducing biases associated with tumor heterogeneity associated with tissue biopsies. In this context, cytokines, such as transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), can be found free in circulation in the blood and packaged into extracellular vesicles (EVs), which have a specific delivery tropism and can affect in tumor/immune system interaction. TGF‐β is an immunosuppressive cytokine that plays a crucial role in tumor immune escape, treatment resistance, and metastasis. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the predictive value of circulating and EV TGF‐β in patients with non–small‐cell lung cancer receiving ICIs.MethodsPlasma samples were collected in 33 patients with advanced non–small‐cell lung cancer before and during treatment with ICIs. EV were isolated from plasma by serial ultracentrifugation methods and circulating and EV TGF‐β expression levels were evaluated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsBaseline high expression of TGF‐β in EVs was associated with nonresponse to ICIs as well as shorter progression‐free survival and overall survival, outperforming circulating TGF‐β levels and tissue PD‐L1 as a predictive biomarker.ConclusionIf validated, EV TGF‐β could be used to improve patient stratification, increasing the effectiveness of treatment with ICIs and potentially informing combinatory treatments with TGF‐β blockade.Plain language summary

Treatment with immune‐checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has improved the survival of some patients with lung cancer. However, the majority of patients do not benefit from this treatment, making it essential to develop more reliable biomarkers to identify patients most likely to benefit.

In this pilot study, the expression of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) in blood circulation and in extracellular vesicles was analyzed.

The levels of extracellular vesicle TGF‐β before treatment were able to determine which patients would benefit from treatment with ICIs and have a longer survival with higher accuracy than circulating TGF‐β and tissue PD‐L1, which is the currently used biomarker in clinical practice.
Associations of low sex hormone‐binding globulin and androgen excess in early pregnancy with fasting and post‐prandial hyperglycaemia, gestational diabetes, and its severity
Authors: Mustaniemi Sanna , Morin‐Papunen Laure , Keikkala Elina , Öhman Hanna , Surcel Heljä‐Marja , Kaaja Risto , Gissler Mika , Eriksson Johan G. , Laivuori Hannele , Kajantie Eero , Vääräsmäki Marja 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsWe studied whether androgen excess and low sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) measured in early pregnancy are independently associated with fasting and post‐prandial hyperglycaemia, gestational diabetes (GDM), and its severity.Materials and MethodsThis nationwide case–control study included 1045 women with GDM and 963 non‐diabetic pregnant controls. We measured testosterone (T) and SHBG from biobanked serum samples (mean 10.7 gestational weeks) and calculated the free androgen index (FAI). We first studied their associations with GDM and secondly with the type of hyperglycaemia (fasting, 1 and 2 h glucose concentrations during the oral glucose tolerance test), early‐onset GDM (<20 gestational weeks) and the need for anti‐diabetic medication.ResultsAfter adjustments for gestational weeks at sampling, pre‐pregnancy BMI, and age, women with GDM had 3.7% (95% CI 0.1%–7.3%) lower SHBG levels, 3.1% (95% CI 0.1%–6.2%) higher T levels, and 4.6% (95% CI 1.9%–7.3%) higher FAI levels than controls. SHBG was inversely associated with fasting glucose, whereas higher FAI and T were associated with higher post‐prandial glucose concentrations. Women with early‐onset GDM had 6.7% (95% CI 0.7%–12.7%) lower SHBG levels and women who needed insulin for fasting hyperglycaemia 8.7% (95% CI 1.8%–14.8%) lower SHBG levels than other women with GDM.ConclusionsLower SHBG levels were associated especially with early‐onset GDM, higher fasting glucose and insulin treatment, whereas androgen excess was associated with higher post‐prandial glucose values. Thus, a low SHBG level may reflect the degree of existing insulin resistance, while androgen excess might impair post‐prandial insulin secretion.
Evolution of weedy giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida): Multiple origins and gene expression variability facilitates weediness
Authors: Li Bo , Gschwend Andrea R. , Hovick Stephen M. , Gutek Amanda , McHale Leah , Harrison S. Kent , Regnier Emilie E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAgricultural weeds may originate from wild populations, but the origination patterns and genetics underlying this transition remain largely unknown. Analysis of weedy‐wild paired populations from independent locations may provide evidence to identify key genetic variation contributing to this adaptive shift. We performed genetic variation and expression analyses on transcriptome data from 67 giant ragweed samples collected from different locations in Ohio, Iowa, and Minnesota and found geographically separated weedy populations likely originated independently from their adjacent wild populations, but subsequent spreading of weedy populations also occurred locally. By using eight closely related weedy‐wild paired populations, we identified thousands of unique transcripts in weedy populations that reflect shared or specific functions corresponding, respectively, to both convergently evolved and population‐specific weediness processes. In addition, differential expression of specific groups of genes was detected between weedy and wild giant ragweed populations using gene expression diversity and gene co‐expression network analyses. Our study suggests an integrated route of weedy giant ragweed origination, consisting of independent origination combined with the subsequent spreading of certain weedy populations, and provides several lines of evidence to support the hypothesis that gene expression variability plays a key role in the evolution of weedy species.
Effects of climate‐change scenarios on the distribution patterns of Castanea henryi
Authors: Xie Chunping , Tian Erlin , Jim Chi Yung , Liu Dawei , Hu Zhaokai 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCastanea henryi, with edible nuts and timber value, is a key tree species playing essential roles in China's subtropical forest ecosystems. However, natural and human perturbations have nearly depleted its wild populations. The study identified the dominant environmental variables enabling and limiting its distribution and predicted its suitable habitats and distribution. The 212 occurrence records covering the whole distribution range of C. henryi in China and nine main bioclimatic variables were selected for detailed analysis. We applied the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) and QGIS to predict potentially suitable habitats under the current and four future climate‐change scenarios. The limiting factors for distribution were accessed by Jackknife, percent contribution, and permutation importance. We found that the current distribution areas were concentrated in the typical subtropical zone, mainly Central and South China provinces. The modeling results indicated temperature as the critical determinant of distribution patterns, including mean temperature of the coldest quarter, isothermality, and mean diurnal range. Winter low temperature imposed an effective constraint on its spread. Moisture served as a secondary factor in species distribution, involving precipitation seasonality and annual precipitation. Under future climate‐change scenarios, excellent habitats would expand and shift northwards, whereas range contraction would occur on the southern edge. Extreme climate change could bring notable range shrinkage. This study provided a basis for protecting the species' germplasm resources. The findings could guide the management, cultivation, and conservation of C. henryi, assisted by a proposed three‐domain operation framework: preservation areas, loss areas, and new areas, each to be implemented using tailor‐made strategies.
Interspecific differences in microhabitat use expose insects to contrasting thermal mortality
Authors: Vives‐Ingla Maria , Sala‐Garcia Javier , Stefanescu Constantí , Casadó‐Tortosa Armand , Garcia Meritxell , Peñuelas Josep , Carnicer Jofre 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEcotones linking open and forested habitats contain multiple microhabitats with varying vegetal structures and microclimatic regimes. Ecotones host many insect species whose development is intimately linked to the microclimatic conditions where they grow (e.g., the leaves of their host plants and the surrounding air). Yet microclimatic heterogeneity at these fine scales and its effects on insects remain poorly quantified for most species. Here we studied how interspecific differences in the use of microhabitats across ecotones lead to contrasting thermal exposure and survival costs between two closely‐related butterflies (Pieris napiandP. rapae). We first assessed whether butterflies selected different microhabitats to oviposit and quantified the thermal conditions at the microhabitat and foliar scales. We also assessed concurrent changes in the quality and availability of host plants. Finally, we quantified larval time of death under different experimental temperatures (thermal death time [TDT] curves) to predict their thermal mortality considering both the intensity and the duration of the microclimatic heat challenges in the field. We identified six processes determining larval thermal exposure at fine scales associated with butterfly oviposition behavior, canopy shading, and heat and water fluxes at the soil and foliar levels. Leaves in open microhabitats could reach temperatures 3–10°C warmer than the surrounding air while more closed microhabitats presented more buffered and homogeneous temperatures. Interspecific differences in microhabitat use matched the TDT curves and the thermal mortality in the field. Open microhabitats posed acute heat challenges that were better withstood by the thermotolerant butterfly,P. rapae, where the species mainly laid their eggs. Despite being more thermosensitive,P. napiwas predicted to present higher survivals thanP. rapaedue to the thermal buffering provided by their selected microhabitats. However, its offspring could be more vulnerable to host‐plant scarcity during summer drought periods. Overall, the different interaction of the butterflies with microclimatic and host‐plant variation emerging at fine scales and their different thermal sensitivity posed them contrasting heat and resource challenges. Our results contribute to setting a new framework that predicts insect vulnerability to climate change based on their thermal sensitivity and the intensity, duration, and accumulation of their heat exposure.