bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced colloidal transport in twisted magnetic patterns
Authors: Stuhlmüller Nico C. X. , Fischer Thomas M. , de las Heras Daniel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBilayers of two-dimensional materials twisted at specific angles can exhibit exceptional properties such as the occurrence of unconventional superconductivity in twisted graphene. We demonstrate here that novel phenomena in twisted materials emerges also in particle-based classical systems. We study the transport of magnetic colloidal particles driven by a drift force and located between two twisted periodic magnetic patterns with either hexagonal or square symmetry. The magnetic potential generated by patterns twisted at specific magic angles develops flat channels, which increase the mobility of the colloidal particles compared to that in single patterns. We characterize the effect of the temperature and that of the magnitude of the drift force on the colloidal mobility. The transport is more enhanced in square than in hexagonal twisted patterns. Our work extends twistronics to classical soft matter systems with potential applications to lab-on-a-chip devices.
AI‐driven user aesthetics preference prediction for UI layouts via deep convolutional neural networks
Authors: Xing Baixi , Cao Hanfei , Shi Lei , Si Huahao , Zhao Lina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLeveraging the power of computational methods, AI can perform effective strategies in intelligent design. Researchers are pushing the boundaries of AI, developing computational systems to solve complex questions. The authors investigate the association of user preference for UI and deep image features, aiming to predict user preference level using deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) trained on a UI design image dataset. A total of 12,186 UI design images were collected from UI.cn and DOOOOR.com. Users' views and likes can help understand the implicit user preference level, which is set as the ground‐truth annotation for the dataset. Six DCNNs, including VGG‐19, InceptionNet‐V3, MobileNet, EfficientNet, ResNet‐50 and NASNetLarge were trained to learn the user preference of UI images. The experiment achieves an optimal result with a mean‐squared error of 0.000214 and a mean absolute error of 0.0103 based on EfficientNet, which indicates that the proposed method provides the possibility in learning the pattern of user aesthetics preference for UI design. On the basis of the prediction model, a mobile application named ‘HotUI’ was developed for UI design recommendations.
LDPC decoding with locally informed dynamic scheduling based on the law of large numbers
Authors: Liang Shuo , Xie Suipeng , Liu Xingcheng , Wang Zhongfeng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe informed dynamic scheduling (IDS) strategies, in which the edge message with the maximum message‐residual is updated preferentially, achieve remarkable error‐correction performance when applied to low‐density parity‐check (LDPC) codes. However, the IDS strategies incur inferior convergence in iterative decoding owing to the greedy problem, which is called the update‐relayed trend here. In order to solve the greediness, two locally informed dynamic scheduling algorithms based on the law of large numbers are proposed. The proposed decoding algorithms use random select of check nodes over a predefined update range (RSPUR) which effectively suppresses the propagation of the update‐relayed trend and accordingly restrains the forming of multi‐update cycles. Moreover, the decoding algorithm is further improved based on random select of check nodes over an adjustable update range (RSCAR). The update ranges are selected based on the law of large numbers. Therefore, the computational resources can be allocated more equitably by increasing iterations. Simulation results show that both the proposed algorithms achieve excellent performance in terms of throughput and convergence with low decoding complexity over the Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and the fading channels compared to the previous IDS strategies. Hence, the proposed algorithms behave excellently over the wireless channels.
A new braking torque distribution strategy based on braking actuator characteristics and a command signal for a blended braking system
Authors: Li Wenfei , Li Huiyun , Huang Zhejun , Liu Jia , Dang Shaobo , Du Haiping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBraking torque distribution strategy is not only related to the tracking performance of the blended braking system in commanding the braking signal, but is also related to the energy utilization efficiency of the blended braking system. In this paper, a new braking torque distribution strategy is designed for a blended braking system consisting of a motor braking system and a friction braking system. In contrast to the classic braking torque distribution strategy, which adjusts the braking torque distribution ratio based on the braking strength, the newly designed braking torque distribution strategy adjusts the braking torque that is allocated to the motor braking system and friction braking system, according to the command braking torque signal, the braking actuators’ dynamic characteristics and the motor's electrical characteristics. In addition, a three‐layer controller is designed to ensure the execution of the proposed braking torque distribution strategy and the stability of the blended braking system. Compared to the classic distribution strategy, based on braking strength, numerical simulation results show that the braking energy recovery of the blended braking system has been improved by 16% in normal braking conditions and has been improved by 84% in emergency braking conditions under the new braking torque distribution strategy.
A quantitative harmonics analysis approach for sinusoidal pulse‐width‐modulation based Z‐source inverters
Authors: Xu Wenzheng , Chan Chi Ho , Chan Ka Wing , Or Siu Wing , Ho Siu Lau , Liu Ming 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe shoot‐through (ST) states are essential for the operation of sinusoidal pulse‐width‐modulation (SPWM) based Z‐source inverters. However, the insertion of shoot‐through state unavoidably leads to output harmonics which is greatly affected by its distribution, especially for bipolar modulation schemes. With quantitative analysis, this paper investigates the mathematical relationship between the output harmonics and shoot‐through states for single‐phase Z‐source inverters. A modified double‐Fourier‐transformation‐based calculation scheme is proposed to estimate the output harmonics with different shoot‐through states insertion methods. Simulations and hardware experiments with a 200 W single‐phase Z‐source converter under two bipolar modulation control methods verified the accuracy of the proposed theory. The quantitative analysis would be helpful for the design of Z‐source converter's control strategy and modulation scheme.
Extended Poincaré model and non‐linear analysis of permanent‐magnet synchronous motor scalar drive system
Authors: Babaei Mojtaba , Feyzi Mojtaba , Nazari Marashi Abbas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, bifurcation diagrams, modified Poincaré map and Lyapunov exponents characteristic are developed for studying non‐linear phenomenon in dynamics of permanent‐magnet synchronous machine scalar drive systems (PMSMSDS). For this, extended Poincaré model of the system is introduced analytically taking into account voltage saturation effects. Using this proposed discrete map model, chaotic and stable region of the PMSMSDS in voltage frequency plane of the system are determined. Furthermore, bifurcation diagram of the system is derived when reference command speed is considered as a bifurcation parameter. Lyapunov exponents are calculated numerically in order to prove the chaotic response of the system and evaluate the accuracy of simulation and numerical results. Experimental test is implemented to investigate the occurrence of chaotic behaviour in the system. It is shown that the proposed map model of the PMSMSDS is capable to predict the chaotic behaviour of the system at any conditions.
Bacteriological investigation of milk samples and biopsies from the mammary gland of healthy sows
Authors: Spiegel Florian , Spiegel Sebastian , von Altrock Alexandra , Verspohl Jutta , Seehusen Frauke , Wendt Michael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjective Milk samples from clinically healthy sows often contain a similar bacterial content as samples from mastitic sows. To verify whether contamination during sample collection is a possible reason for this or bacterial content in the mammary gland postpartum is a regular finding, the aim of the present study was to compare the suitability of milk samples and mammary gland biopsies for assessing the bacteriological status of healthy sows.Material and methods Twenty-five clinically healthy sows of different parities were selected. The mammary skin and teats were cleaned and disinfected before biopsies and milk samples were taken from the second mammary gland on the left udder side one day postpartum. Needle biopsies were performed after local anaesthesia. Samples were investigated bacteriologically for aerobic bacteria and a semi-quantitative classification of bacterial growth was carried out. Additionally, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsies from 18 of the healthy sows were stained and scored for inflammatory cells.Results A low bacterial content could be found in 96 % of milk samples and in 92 % of biopsies from the healthy sows. Both Gram-positive (mostly streptococci and staphylococci) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) were detected. Histopathological examination revealed mild inflammatory cell infiltration with mainly plasma cells and lymphocytes, in rare cases neutrophilic granulocytes.Conclusion Biopsies of the mammary gland provided similar results with regard to bacteriological investigation compared to milk sampling although these were collected under aseptic conditions. Therefore, it is assumed that ubiquitous bacteria are regularly present in the colostrum and in the mammary gland tissue of clinically healthy sows after parturition. Histopathological findings were not entirely uneventful.Clinical relevance Milk samples and biopsies from the thoroughly cleaned and disinfected mammary gland indicate a regular bacterial load of the gland postpartum; biopsies do not provide advantages with regard to hygienic conditions.
Reliability of the Mismatch Negativity in the Responses of Individual Listeners
Authors: Dalebout Susan D. , Fox Lisa G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe mismatch negativity (MMN) was recorded from 12 normal adults during four biweekly sessions. Responses were elicited by a synthetically generated speech contrast (/dα/-/gα/) that all listeners discriminated with at least 90 percent accuracy. Standard and deviant waveforms were replicable across sessions for all listeners; however, replicability of the derived difference waveforms was poor. Of greater importance, the MMN identification rate was too low (29%) to allow reliability to be evaluated. The implications that these findings may have on clinical applicability are discussed.
Abbreviations: ALR = auditory late response, MMN = mismatch negativity, VOT = voice onset time
Listeners Who Prefer Monaural to Binaural Hearing Aids
Authors: Carter Anne Strouse , Noe Colleen M. , Wilson Richard H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFour patients who preferred monaural as compared with binaural amplification were evaluated. For these patients, audiometric data, recognition performance on a dichotic digit task, and monaural and binaural hearing aid performance using four amplification strategies (National Acoustic Laboratories-Revised, a speech in noise algorithm, multiple-microphone arrays, and frequency modulated [FM]) are described. The results of dichotic testing using a one-, two-, and three-pair dichotic digit task in free- and directed-recall conditions indicated a left-ear deficit for all subjects that could not be explained by peripheral auditory findings or by a cognitive-based deficit. The results of soundfield testing using a speech in multitalker babble paradigm indicated that when listening in noise, there was little difference between aided and unaided word-recognition performance, suggesting that the binaural hearing aids originally fit for each patient were not providing substantial benefit when listening in a competing babble background. Word-recognition performance when aided monaurally in the right ear was superior to performance when aided monaurally in the left ear and when aided bin- aurally. The only successful binaural amplification strategy was the FM system. The results indicate that listeners with an auditory-based deficit in dichotic listening may function better with a monaural hearing aid fitting or with an assistive listening device such as an FM system. The findings also suggest that a test of dichotic listening is an important component in the evaluation of patients being considered for amplification.
Abbreviations: ALD = assistive listening device, BTE = behind the ear, DM = directional microphone, FM = frequency modulated, ITE = in the ear, NAL-R = National Acoustic Laboratories-Revised, NU-6 = Northwestern University Auditory Test No. 6, S/B = signal-to-babble ratio, S/N - signal-to-noise ratio
Wireless Telephone-Hearing Aid Electromagnetic Compatibility Research at the University of Oklahoma
Authors: Schlegel Robert E. , Ravindram A. Ravi , Raman Shivakumar , Grant Hank 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA multiphase study examining electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) between wireless digital telephones and hearing aids has been under way at the University of Oklahoma EMC Center since May 1995. In a phase 1 clinical study involving 68 hearing aid wearers, interference varied significantly by telephone technology, hearing aid type, and hearing loss characteristics. More than 80 percent of the tests resulted in either no interference or a detection threshold distance less than 1 meter. Metallic shielding of the units yielded positive results. Various elements of phase 2 involved instrument-based tests of hearing aid interference using telephones in a sound-isolation chamber and radio frequency signals in a waveguide, along with clinical studies of speech-to-interference ratios, all leading to the development of standards of measurement and performance criteria for telephone emissions and hearing aid immunity. Results to date confirm that bystander interference is of less concern than user interference, which is the focus of continuing research.
Abbreviations: ASC = Accredited Standards Committee, AMPS = advanced mobile telephone system, ANSI = American National Standards Institute, BTE = behind the ear, CDMA = code division multiple access, CIC = completely in the canal, EMC = electromagnetic compatibility, GSM = Global System for Mobile Communications, IRIL = input referenced interference level, IRIS = input referenced interference spectrum, IS = international standard, ITC = in the canal, ITE = in the ear, J-STD = “J” standard, NAL = National Acoustic Laboratories, PCS = personal communication services, RF = radio frequency, TDMA = time division multiple access
The Australian Experience: Global System for Mobile Communications Wireless Telephones and Hearing Aids
Authors: Byrne Denis , Burwood Eric 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA digital, wireless telephone system, the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), was introduced in Australia in 1993. Studies were conducted at the National Acoustic Laboratories to determine how the use of GSM mobile telephones (i.e., wireless telephones) causes interference in hearing aids and how hearing aids could be made more immune to such interference. A measurement system was developed, and measurements are presented for a variety of standard and treated hearing aids. Effective treatments include the addition of shunt capacitors to the hearing aid circuit and shielding by applying a conductive coating to the hearing aid case. Some recently produced microphones also increase immunity. High immunity levels can be achieved in future hearing aids, sufficient to prevent interference from other people’s use of a wireless telephone and that often permit use of digital mobile telephones by hearing aid users. Audiologists will have an increasing role in advising hearing aid wearers on the use of wireless telephones or other communications equipment.
Abbreviations: BTE = behind the ear, EMI = electromagnetic interference, GSM = Global System for Mobile Communications, IEC = International Electrotechnical Commission, ITE = in the ear, NAL = National Acoustic Laboratories
Beyond lobbying: the political determinants of adopting corporate social responsibility frameworks in the European Union and the USA
Authors: Bernhagen Patrick , Kollman Kelly , Patsiurko Natalka 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper explores the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) as an element in a corporation’s political action repertoire. Previous research has studied lobbying and CSR as a distinct means by which corporations seek to manage their non-market environment. Analyzing CSR as a political activity, we argue that corporations engage in CSR for the same reasons that prompt them to engage in lobbying. More specifically, we expect corporations to adopt CSR frameworks that are suitable to enhance their reputation in a given political arena. To evaluate this argument, we analyze the lobbying and CSR behavior in the EU and USA of over 2000 corporations from around the world. Our results show that lobbying and adopting CSR frameworks can be predicted by similar empirical models. Moreover, controlling for common predictors and endogeneity, lobbying in the EU is associated with an increased likelihood of a corporation adopting an appropriate CSR framework. However, corporations that lobby in Washington DC become less likely to engage in CSR the more they spend on lobbying. These findings shed new light on the relationship between lobbying and CSR while highlighting important differences in corporate non-market behavior across political arenas.
Co-condensation of proteins with single- and double-stranded DNA
Authors: Renger Roman , Morin Jose A. , Lemaitre Regis , Ruer-Gruss Martine , Jülicher Frank , Hermann Andreas , Grill Stephan W. 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Biomolecular condensates are intracellular organelles that are not bounded by membranes and often show liquid-like, dynamic material properties. They typically contain various types of proteins and nucleic acids. How the interaction of proteins and nucleic acids finally results in dynamic condensates is not fully understood. Here we use optical tweezers and fluorescence microscopy to study how the prototypical prion-like protein Fused-in-Sarcoma (FUS) condenses with individual molecules of single- and double-stranded DNA. We find that FUS adsorbs on DNA in a monolayer and hence generates an effectively sticky FUS–DNA polymer that collapses and finally forms a dynamic, reversible FUS–DNA co-condensate. We speculate that protein monolayer-based protein–nucleic acid co-condensation is a general mechanism for forming intracellular membraneless organelles.
Purging of deleterious burden in the endangered Iberian lynx
Authors: Kleinman-Ruiz Daniel , Lucena-Perez Maria , Villanueva Beatriz , Fernández Jesús , Saveljev Alexander P. , Ratkiewicz Mirosław , Schmidt Krzysztof , Galtier Nicolas , García-Dorado Aurora , Godoy José A. 
Published: March 2022

SignificanceThe dynamics of deleterious variation under contrasting demographic scenarios remain poorly understood in spite of their relevance in evolutionary and conservation terms. Here we apply a genomic approach to study differences in the burden of deleterious alleles between the endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) and the widespread Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx). Our analysis unveils a significantly lower deleterious burden in the former species that should be ascribed to genetic purging, that is, to the increased opportunities of selection against recessive homozygotes due to the inbreeding caused by its smaller population size, as illustrated by our analytical predictions. This research provides theoretical and empirical evidence on the evolutionary relevance of genetic purging under certain demographic conditions.
Dual-field-of-view high-spectral-resolution lidar: Simultaneous profiling of aerosol and water cloud to study aerosol–cloud interaction
Authors: Wang Nanchao , Zhang Kai , Shen Xue , Wang Yuan , Li Jing , Li Chengcai , Mao Jietai , Malinka Aleksey , Zhao Chuanfeng , Russell Lynn M. , Guo Jianping , Gross Silke , Liu Chong , Yang Jing , Chen Feitong , Wu Lingyun , Chen Sijie , Ke Ju , Xiao Da , Zhou Yudi , Fang Jing , Liu Dong 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Aerosol–cloud interaction affects the cooling of Earth’s climate, mostly by activation of aerosols as cloud condensation nuclei that can increase the amount of sunlight reflected back to space. But the controlling physical processes remain uncertain in current climate models. We present a lidar-based technique as a unique remote-sensing tool without thermodynamic assumptions for simultaneously profiling diurnal aerosol and water cloud properties with high resolution. Direct lateral observations of cloud properties show that the vertical structure of low-level water clouds can be far from being perfectly adiabatic. Furthermore, our analysis reveals that, instead of an increase of liquid water path (LWP) as proposed by most general circulation models, elevated aerosol loading can cause a net decrease in LWP.
Suppression of toxicity of the mutant huntingtin protein by its interacting compound, desonide
Authors: Song Haikun , Wang Cen , Zhu Chenggang , Wang Ziying , Yang Huiya , Wu Peng , Cui Xiaotian , Botas Juan , Dang Yongjun , Ding Yu , Fei Yiyan , Lu Boxun 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Classical drug discovery identifies inhibitors that block the activities of pathogenic proteins. This typically relies on a measurable biochemical readout and accessible binding sites whose occupancy influences the activity of the target protein. These requirements make many pathogenic proteins “undruggable.” Here, we report a strategy to target these undruggable proteins: screening for compounds that directly bind to the undruggable target and rescue disease-relevant phenotypes. These compounds may suppress the target’s pathogenic functions via direct binding to it. We applied this strategy to the mutant HTT protein, which is an undruggable protein that causes Huntington’s disease (HD). We revealed desonide, an FDAapproved drug, as a possible lead compound for HD drug discovery.
Reciprocal regulation of IL-33 receptor–mediated inflammatory response and pulmonary fibrosis by TRAF6 and USP38
Authors: Yi Xue-Mei , Li Mi , Chen Yun-Da , Shu Hong-Bing , Li Shu 
Published: March 2022

Significance
IL-33R mediates local inflammatory responses and plays crucial roles in the pathogenesis of immune diseases. In this study, we identified USP38, which negatively regulates IL-33-triggered signaling by mediating K27-linked deubiquitination of IL-33R at K511 and its autophagic degradation. USP38 deficiency aggravates IL-33–induced lung inflammatory response and bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. We further show that the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAF6 catalyzes K27-linked polyubiquitination of IL-33R at K511, and that deficiency of TRAF6 inhibits IL-33–mediated signaling. Our findings reveal an important mechanism regarding how IL-33R is precisely regulated to ensure its inactivation in rest cells and proper activation following IL-33 stimulation.