bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Role of Whistler‐Mode Waves in Electron Interaction With Dipolarizing Flux Bundles
Authors: Artemyev A. V. , Neishtadt A. I. , Angelopoulos V. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe magnetotail is the main source of energetic electrons for Earth’s inner magnetosphere. Electrons are adiabatically heated during flow bursts (rapid earthward motion of the plasma) within dipolarizing flux bundles (concurrent increases and dipolarizations of the magnetic field). The electron heating is evidenced near or within dipolarizing flux bundles as rapid increases in the energetic electron flux (10–100 keV); it is often referred to as injection. The anisotropy in the injected electron distributions, which is often perpendicular to the magnetic field, generates whistler‐mode waves, also commonly observed around such dipolarizing flux bundles. Test‐particle simulations reproduce several features of injections and electron adiabatic dynamics. However, the feedback of the waves on the electron distributions has been not incorporated into such simulations. This is because it has been unclear, thus far, whether incorporating such feedback is necessary to explain the evolution of the electron pitch‐angle and energy distributions from their origin, reconnection ejecta in the mid‐tail region, to their final destination, and the electron injection sites in the inner magnetosphere. Using an analytical model we demonstrate that wave feedback is indeed important for the evolution of electron distributions. Combining canonical guiding center theory and the mapping technique we model electron adiabatic heating and scattering by whistler‐mode waves around a dipolarizing flux bundle. Comparison with spacecraft observations allows us to validate the efficacy of the proposed methodology. Specifically, we demonstrate that electron resonant interactions with whistler‐mode waves can indeed change markedly the pitch‐angle distribution of energetic electrons at the injection site and are thus critical to incorporate in order to explain the observations. We discuss the importance of such resonant interactions for injection physics and for magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling.
The GOES‐R Solar UltraViolet Imager
Authors: Darnel Jonathan M. , Seaton Daniel B. , Bethge Christian , Rachmeler Laurel , Jarvis Alison , Hill Steven M. , Peck Courtney L. , Hughes J. Marcus , Shapiro Jason , Riley Allyssa , Vasudevan Gopal , Shing Lawrence , Koener George , Edwards Chris , Mathur Dnyanesh , Timothy Shelbe 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe four Solar Ultraviolet Imagers (SUVI) on board the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)‐16 and GOES‐17 and the upcoming GOES‐T and GOES‐U weather satellites serve as National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's operational solar coronal imagers. These four identically designed solar Extreme UltraViolet instruments are similar in design and capability to the Solar Dynamics Observatory‐Atmospheric Imaging Assembly suite of solar telescopes, and are planned to operationally span two solar cycles or more, from 2017 through 2040. We present the concept of operations for the SUVI instruments, operational requirements, and constraints. The reader is also introduced to the instrument design, testing, and performance characteristics. Finally, the various data products are described along with their potential utility to the operational user or researcher.
3‐D Regional Ionosphere Imaging and SED Reconstruction With a New TEC‐Based Ionospheric Data Assimilation System (TIDAS)
Authors: Aa Ercha , Zhang Shun‐Rong , Erickson Philip J. , Wang Wenbin , Coster Anthea J. , Rideout William 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA new TEC‐based ionospheric data assimilation system (TIDAS) over the continental US and adjacent area (20°–60°N, 60°–130°W, and 100–600 km) has been developed through assimilating heterogeneous ionospheric data, including dense ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Total Electron Content (TEC) from 2,000+ receivers, Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate radio occultation data, JASON satellite altimeter TEC, and Millstone Hill incoherent scatter radar measurements. A hybrid Ensemble‐Variational scheme is utilized to reconstruct the regional 3‐D electron density distribution: a more realistic and location‐dependent background error covariance matrix is calculated from an ensemble of corrected NeQuick outputs, and a three‐dimensional variational (3DVAR) method is adopted for measurement updates to obtain an optimal state estimation. The spatial‐temporal resolution of the reanalyzed 3‐D electron density product is as high as 1° × 1° in latitude and longitude, 20 km in altitude, and 5 min in universal time, which is sufficient to reproduce ionospheric fine structure and storm‐time disturbances. The accuracy and reliability of data assimilation results are validated using ionosonde and other measurements. TIDAS reanalyzed electron density is able to successfully reconstruct the 3‐D morphology and dynamic evolution of the storm‐enhanced density (SED) plume observed during the St. Patrick's day geomagnetic storm on 17 March 2013 with high fidelity. Using TIDAS, we found that the 3‐D SED plume manifests as a ridge‐like high‐density channel that predominantly occurred between 300 and 500 km during 19:00–21:00 UT for this event, with the F2 region peak height being raised by 40–60 km and peak density enhancement of 30%–50%.
Image‐level dataset synthesis with an end‐to‐end trainable framework
Authors: Xue Zhenfeng , Mao Weijie , Liu Yong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDataset synthesis via virtual engines like Unity is attracting much more attention in recent years due to its low cost at obtaining ground‐truth labels. For this kind of work, virtual environments are constructed within the engine to mimic the real‐world, either with great manual efforts or learning‐based methods. The latter shows superiority over the former when the target real‐world scenes are changeable, from which the attributes of environments can be automatically adjusted based on the distribution difference between the synthetic and real‐world datasets. However, the non‐differentiability of whole pipeline hinders the efficiency of attribute optimization. To this end, this paper proposes to simulate synthetic datasets from a fine‐grained perspective, such that the system can be trained at an end‐to‐end manner. Specifically, it is converted into an image‐level data synthesis problem, and designs a constraint using the content loss between two images. As the rendering process of virtual engine is mathematically unknown, which blocks the back propagation of the gradients, a generative model is trained to approximate the engine. As a result, the whole framework becomes fully differentiable and the attributes can be optimized efficiently by gradient descent. Experimental result shows the efficiency of our method in obtaining useful synthetic training datasets. Besides, it is found that the image‐level method enables to learn the potential distribution of real‐world data, which is hard to be achieved by existing methods. As far as we know, it is the first attempt to finish this task with a differentiable process.
Design of transmitarray compact antenna test range at millimetre wave band
Authors: Zhao Yongheng , Huo Peng , Wu Jianhua , Li Zhiping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a novel compact antenna test range based on transmitarray (TA), transmitarray compact antenna test range (TACATR), is proposed. A non‐negligible parameter, central cell reference phase (CRP), is defined to harmonize the disturbance field. The CRP not only determines the physical structure of TA, but also can adjust the phase of the desired plane wave field of the quiet zone (QZ). Several strategies are proposed to enhance the performance of QZ of TACATR. The strategies include selecting CRP and the layout of TACATR. To validate the feasibility of TACATR, a 169.6 mm × 169.6 mm TA working at 28 GHz is designed, simulated and fabricated. The measured amplitude peak to peak value (P2P) of the middle QZ plane field is 1.5 dB and the phase P2P is 9.4°.
Complex queries over decentralised systems for geodata retrieval
Authors: Zichichi Mirko , Serena Luca , Ferretti Stefano , D'Angelo Gabriele 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDecentralised systems have been proved to be quite effective to allow for trusted and accountable data sharing, without the need to resort to a centralised party that collects all the information. While complete decentralisation provides important advantages in terms of data sovereignty, absence of bottlenecks and reliability, it also adds some issues concerned with efficient data lookup and the possibility to implement complex queries without reintroducing centralised components. In this paper, we describe a system that copes with these issues, thanks to a multi‐layer lookup scheme based on Distributed Hash Tables that allows for multiple keyword‐based searches. The service of peer nodes participating in this discovery service is controlled and rewarded for their contribution. Moreover, the governance of this process is completely automated through the use of smart contracts, thus building a Decentralised Autonomous Organization (DAO). Finally, we present a use case where road hazards are collected in order to test the goodness of our system for geodata retrieval. Then, we show results from a performance evaluation that confirm the viability of the proposal.
Modelling and controlling A new PV/FC/battery DC–DC converter suitable for DC motor
Authors: Asl Amin Alizadeh , Asl Ramin Alizadeh , Kurdkandi Naser Vosoughi , Hosseini Seyed Hossein 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHere, a new hybrid DC–DC converter is presented to enable controlling a DC motor. Since renewable energy sources, including PV, FC, and batteries, are projected to be used extensively in the future, using interface converters becomes essential. Firstly, these converters must have a suitable voltage gain because PV and FC have a low voltage at the output. Secondly, such converters must be controlled correctly because PV and FC do not provide a constant voltage, they have different characteristics, and they may work in any operating point instead of the maximum power point. Therefore, a suitable controller is essential for extracting maximum power values from these energy sources. In this paper, the decentralized control method, as a multivariable control technique, has been used to control a PV/FC/battery DC–DC converter.
Einsatz von Video Online Seminaren im klinischen Abschnitt des
Medizinstudiums aus Sicht von Lehrenden und Studierenden
Authors: Kurz Sandra , Vieth Thomas , Stieglitz Verena , Buggenhagen Holger 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Die vorliegende Untersuchung stellt die Chancen und
Herausforderungen des Einsatzes von Video Online Seminaren (VOS) im klinischen
Bereich des Humanmedizinstudiums aus der Sicht der Lehrenden und Studierenden
dar.
Methodik Lehrende und Medizinstudierende des 5. bis 10. Semesters wurden
anhand von Fragebögen zu ihren Einstellungen und Erfahrungen mit VOS
befragt. Aus den Ergebnissen wurden Empfehlungen zum Einsatz von VOS
abgeleitet.
Ergebnisse 19 Lehrende und 108 Studierende nahmen teil. VOS helfen
67% der Studierenden beim Lernen im klinischen Abschnitt des
Medizinstudiums. Kognitive Lernziele (91% Zustimmung) sollen laut
Studierenden häufiger in VOS vermittelt werden als affektive Lernziele
(71% Zustimmung). 83% geben allerdings an, durch VOS allein
nicht auf spätere praktische Tätigkeiten vorbereitet zu sein.
Lehrende berichten, dass kognitive Lernziele (77% Zustimmung) deutlich
besser vermittelt werden können als affektive (nur 27%
Zustimmung). Für 2/3 der Lehrenden sind Unterstützungen
bzw. Schulungen im Umgang mit VOS wichtig. Gute technische Voraussetzungen sind
für beide Gruppen wichtig.
Diskussion/Schlussfolgerung Als Vorteil der VOS unterstreicht die
Studie die Option des ortsunabhängigen individuellen Lernens. Das
Lehrformat wird als besonders hilfreich angesehen, wenn eine Interaktion
zwischen Lehrenden und Studierenden gelingt. Im Rahmen von Blended Learning
Konzepten mit vorausgehenden Vorlesungen und nachfolgenden praktischen
Übungen ist der Lernerfolg durch VOS am größten.
Kognitive und teilweise auch affektive Lernziele können gut durch diese
Methode abgebildet werden. VOS können auf praktische
Übungseinheiten vorbereiten, allerdings sind sie in der medizinischen
Lehre nicht ausreichend, um praktische Lernziele umfassend zu lehren.
Mander’s Reagent for the Deoxycyanation of β-Diketones: A Direct Synthesis of Oxoalkenenitriles
Authors: Lujan-Montelongo J. Armando , Cruz-Jiménez Alicia E. , Mateus-Ruiz Jeferson B. , Silva-Cuevas Carolina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEthyl cyanoformate and methyl cyanoformate (Mander’s reagent) are both routinely used to perform C-selective ketone alkoxycarbonylations. Interestingly, both reagents were found to yield oxoalkenenitriles through an unprecedented deoxycyanation of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds (e.g., 2-methylcyclohexane-1,3-dione). Although this method is not general, this is the first time that both Mander’s reagent and ethyl cyanoformate have been used for the deoxycyanation of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds for the preparation of synthetically useful oxoalkenenitriles. Limitations on the substrate scope of the present method are discussed.
WormBase single-cell tools
Authors: da Veiga Beltrame Eduardo , Arnaboldi Valerio , Sternberg Paul W 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

We present two web apps for interactively performing common tasks with single-cell RNA sequencing data: scdefg for differential expression and wormcells-viz for visualization of gene expression. We deployed these tools with public Caenorhabditis elegans datasets curated by WormBase at https://single-cell.wormbase.org. Source code for deploying these tools with other datasets is available at https://github.com/WormBase/scdefg and https://github.com/WormBase/wormcells-viz.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
Digital Migration Practices and the Everyday
Authors: Ponzanesi Sandra , Leurs Koen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis special issue explores the role that digital technology plays in the lives of migrants. It does so by paying close attention to governmental and supranational organizations as well as to subjective and affective dimensions of the everyday. Digital migration practices emerge as complex negotiations in the digital media sphere between infrastructural bias and agential opportunities, contesting racial practices as well as enabling digitally mediated bonds of solidarity and intimacy. The issue offers nuanced critical perspectives ranging from surveillance capitalism, extractive humanitarianism, datafication, and border regimes to choreographies of care and intimacy in transnational settings, among other aspects. Renowned international scholars reflect on these issues from different vantage points. The closing forum section provides state-of-the-art commentaries on digital diaspora, affect and belonging, voice and visibility in the digital media sphere, queer migrant interventions in non-academic settings, and datafication and media infrastructures in “deep time.”
Spatiotemporal Distribution of Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Across a Fruit and Tree Nut Agricultural Ecosystem
Authors: Grabarczyk Erin E , Cottrell Ted E , Tillman P Glynn 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The invasive brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is a mobile, polyphagous agricultural pest that feeds on a variety of plants. In orchard systems, seasonal monitoring of adults and nymphs in fruit and nut trees and noncrop host plants in surrounding habitat can be used to identify, in time and space, areas of high-density aggregations to develop targeted pest management strategies. We explored the spatiotemporal distribution of H. halys adults and nymphs and assessed whether seasonal distribution patterns varied according to habitat. From 2018 to 2021, pheromone-baited traps were placed in orchard and noncrop plants to first document the establishment of H. halys at this site and to describe seasonal development. In addition, stink bugs were monitored weekly during 2019–2020 across a grid of baited traps placed within the orchard ecosystem. Based on grid data, we used Spatial Analysis by Distance Indices (SADIE) to identify significant clusters of H. halys and visualized aggregations with interpolated maps. Overall, the distribution of H. halys adults and nymphs were similar; both aggregated primarily in peach and adjacent woodlands followed by pecan. Timing of aggregations was consistent across years and reached the highest levels in July and August. Moreover, we document that H. halys is an established pest within this orchard ecosystem, and that noncrop host plants likely play an important role in maintaining populations of H. halys. To manage H. halys in southeastern orchard systems, growers may need to account for host plants in habitats that surround fruiting trees.
Identifying vulnerability to poverty and its determinants among older adults in empty-nest households: an empirical analysis from rural Shandong Province, China
Authors: Jing Zhengyue , Li Jie , Gao Tingting , Wang Yi , Chen Zhuo , Zhou Chengchao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough extreme poverty has been eradicated in China, older adults in empty-nest households may risk falling into or returning to poverty in the future. Previous studies on poverty alleviation had focused on the measurement of ex-post poverty at a particular time. Few studies have assessed households’ vulnerability to poverty from a forward-looking perspective. This study aims to identify the vulnerability to poverty and its determinants among rural empty-nest households with older adults. A total of 1951 rural empty-nest households with older adults followed for 1 year were included in the analysis. The three-stage Feasible Generalized Least Square method was used to estimate the vulnerability to poverty in 2019 and 2020. A regression model was used to explore the effect of different factors on vulnerability to poverty, and Shapley values were used to decompose each factor’s contribution and the attributable percentage. With the increase of the poverty threshold, the success rate of predicting poverty status in 2020 based on poverty vulnerability in 2019 increased from 33.00% to 63.71%. Regardless of the poverty threshold, the vulnerability to poverty incidence decreased from 2019 to 2020. For example, under the Shandong province poverty line, the estimated proportion of rural empty-nest households with older adults vulnerable to poverty had decreased from 15.63% in 2019 to 11.17% in 2020. The Shapley decomposition results suggested that the number of the household labour force, the interviewees’ education and age and household size were the four most influential factors that contributed significantly to the poverty vulnerability. This study reveals that a portion of rural empty-nest households with older adults are still vulnerable to poverty. The formulation of future anti-poverty policies should prioritize these groups and adopt targeted poverty prevention and poverty alleviation measures based on the driving factors of poverty vulnerability among rural empty-nest households with older adults.
Donaldson Functional in Teichmüller Theory
Authors: Huang Zheng , Lucia Marcello , Tarantello Gabriella 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we define a Donaldson type functional whose Euler–Lagrange equations are a system of differential equations, which corresponds to Hitchin’s self-duality equations for a suitable choice of Higgs bundle on closed Riemann surfaces. The main challenge of this functional is its lack of regularity and lack of compactness when defined in its natural domain of definition. Though a standard variational approach cannot directly be applied, we provide the appropriate analytical tools that make Donaldson functional treatable by a variational viewpoint. We prove that this functional admits a unique critical point corresponding to its global minimum. As an immediate consequence, we find that this system of self-duality equations admits a unique solution. Among the applications in geometry of this fact, we obtain a parametrization of closed constant mean curvature immersions in hyperbolic manifolds (possibly incomplete), and their moduli spaces.
Detrimental Effect ofTrypanosoma brucei bruceiInfection on Memory B Cells and Host Ability to Recall Protective B-cell Responses
Authors: Moon Sangphil , Janssens Ibo , Kim Kyung Hyun , Stijlemans Benoit , Magez Stefan , Radwanska Magdalena 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundTrypanosoma brucei brucei evades host immune responses by multiple means, including the disruption of B-cell homeostasis. This hampers anti-trypanosome vaccine development. Because the cellular mechanism underlying this pathology has never been addressed, our study focuses on the fate of memory B cells (MBCs) in vaccinated mice upon trypanosome challenge.MethodsA trypanosome variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) and fluorescent phycoerythrin were used as immunization antigens. Functional and cellular characteristics of antigen-specific MBCs were studied after homologous and heterologous parasite challenge.ResultsImmunization with AnTat1.1 VSG triggers a specific antibody response and isotype-switched CD73+CD273+CD80+ MBCs, delivering 90% sterile protection against a homologous parasite challenge. As expected, AnTat1.1 VSG immunization does not protect against infection with heterologous VSG-switched parasites. After successful curative drug treatment, mice were shown to have completely lost their previously induced protective immunity against the homologous parasites, coinciding with the loss of vaccine-induced MBCs. A phycoerythrin immunization approach confirmed that trypanosome infections cause the general loss of antigen-specific splenic and bone marrow MBCs and a reduction in antigen-specific immunoglobulin G.ConclusionsTrypanosomosis induces general immunological memory loss. This benefits the parasites by reducing the stringency for antigenic variation requirements.
Overview of the ethical guidelines for medical and biological research involving human subjects in Japan
Authors: Eba Junko , Nakamura Kenichi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The new national guidelines for clinical research, the Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Biological Research Involving Human Subjects, were implemented in Japan in June 2021. The guidelines were developed by integrating two ethical guidelines: Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Health Research Involving Human Subjects and Ethical Guidelines for Human Genome/Gene Analysis Research. The Ethical Guidelines for Clinical Research were originally developed as three separate guidelines: Ethical Guidelines for Human Genome/Gene Analysis Research formulated in 2001, Ethical Guidelines for Epidemiological Research in 2002 and Ethical Guidelines for Clinical Research in 2003. They have undergone several amendments and integration in response to the government’s policy changes, such as the protection of personal information, conflicts of interest and reliability of clinical research. The three major changes introduced in the New Integrated Guidelines in 2021 are centralized review, electromagnetic informed consent and research cooperating organization. These are expected to be used as tools to facilitate the conduct of research. This review discusses the regulations of academic clinical research in Japan, the history of ethical guidelines and the three major changes introduced in the New Integrated Guidelines.