bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Auxiliary social governance system based on knowledge graph: application in carbon reduction
Authors: Lyu Shun , Zhang Tianle , Zhang Junting 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
As Chinese socialism evolves into a new era, the government’s concept of social governance has undergone profound and significant changes. Since the planned economy’s inception, relying entirely on the government to implement a top-down, all-inclusive administrative management model has gradually proven incapable of adapting fully to the time requirements for development. Notably, the fourth plenary session of the party’s 19th Central Committee adopted a major strategic decision to advance the country’s governance system and capabilities for modernization, informatization and intelligence. This manuscript aims to integrate social events based on encyclopedias, national standards, social events extracted from social networks and social events discovered by the general public in order to realize modern social governance. By establishing a massive knowledge network, it is possible to analyze and manage the hierarchical classification of events, things and organizations, as well as make flexible decisions about social events through a combination of automation, semi-automation and manual processes, ensuring that events are quickly and accurately pushed to appropriate staff for survey, processing and real-time feedback. This study is expected to be more effective in assisting social governance and facilitating the simultaneous transfer of urban management information among all participants. Simultaneously, the system will be used for carbon emission reduction management, enabling intelligent carbon emission reduction management, enhancing carbon emission reduction management efficiency and injecting new impetus into the world’s new path of green development in the post-epidemic era, thereby affecting international carbon emission reduction action, global industrial development patterns and even geopolitical economic ecology.
Investigating community pharmacists’ perceptions of delivering chlamydia screening to young people: a qualitative study using normalisation process theory to understand professional practice
Authors: Ahmaro Lara , Lindsey Laura , Forrest Simon , Whittlesea Cate 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Some community pharmacies in England provide free chlamydia testing to young people, yet testing activity in the setting is low. This study aims to increase understanding of why that is, by investigating community pharmacists’ perceptions of barriers to delivering the service, and the reasons why some do not offer testing.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 community pharmacists in North East England between November 2018 and May 2019. The sample comprised both those who provided and did not provide chlamydia testing at the time of the interview. Data were subjected to thematic analysis, utilising the constructs of the normalisation process theory.

Key findings
Pharmacists found it challenging to sustain delivery of chlamydia testing, as very few young people either requested the test or accepted it when it was offered during consultations on other sexual health services. Pharmacists were cautious about offering the test, having concerns about making clients feel uncomfortable. They identified the value of training to enable them to communicate confidently with clients about testing. Pharmacists supported the suggestion that treatment for chlamydia be offered as part of a ‘test and treat’ package, as they felt that it aligned to their role in the provision of medicines advice.

Conclusions
Community pharmacies are well-placed to deliver chlamydia testing but are not operating as effectively as they might do. The provision of training on communicating with young people, integrating testing with more sexual health services, and providing ‘test and treatment’ for chlamydia could contribute to greater testing activity.
Extemporaneous compounding confidence progression from undergraduate to practice: a pharmacy education perspective
Authors: Duong Quang Hung , Xin Charles Wei-Dong , Pang Gabrielle Jin Rou , Roy Rachel , Caliph Suzanne 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective
This study examined how undergraduate students, graduate interns and registered pharmacists perceived their competence in extemporaneous compounding.

Methods
A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using a self-administered survey and participants ranked how confident they felt about compounding certain products using a Likert’s scale and free-text responses.

Key findings
Pharmacy students perceived to be as confident as the interns and pharmacists in preparing ‘simple’ products, such as solutions, suspensions, creams and ointments. A lack of frequent practice was related to poor confidence by all three groups.

Conclusion
Integration of theoretical, legal and ethical and patient counselling aspects in extemporaneous compounding curriculum could enhance learning and outcomes.
Representations and Tensor Product Growth
Authors: Larsen Michael , Shalev Aner , Tiep Pham Huu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe deep theory of approximate subgroups establishes three-step product growth for subsets of finite simple groups $G$ of Lie type of bounded rank. In this paper, we obtain two-step growth results for representations of such groups $G$ (including those of unbounded rank), where products of subsets are replaced by tensor products of representations. Let $G$ be a finite simple group of Lie type and $\chi $ a character of $G$. Let $|\chi |$ denote the sum of the squares of the degrees of all (distinct) irreducible characters of $G$ that are constituents of $\chi $. We show that for all $\delta&gt;0$, there exists $\epsilon&gt;0$, independent of $G$, such that if $\chi $ is an irreducible character of $G$ satisfying $|\chi | \le |G|^{1-\delta }$, then $|\chi ^2| \ge |\chi |^{1+\epsilon }$. We also obtain results for reducible characters and establish faster growth in the case where $|\chi | \le |G|^{\delta }$. In another direction, we explore covering phenomena, namely situations where every irreducible character of $G$ occurs as a constituent of certain products of characters. For example, we prove that if $|\chi _1| \cdots |\chi _m|$ is a high enough power of $|G|$, then every irreducible character of $G$ appears in $\chi _1\cdots \chi _m$. Finally, we obtain growth results for compact semisimple Lie groups.
Torsion Subgroups of Modular Jacobian Varieties Over Splitting Fields of Cuspidal Subgroups
Authors: Ren Yuan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
For any positive integer $N$, let $J_0(N)$ be the Jacobian variety of the modular curve $X_0(N)$ over ${\mathbb {Q}}$ and ${\mathcal {C}}_N$ its cuspidal subgroup. Let $F_N$ denote the splitting field of ${\mathcal {C}}_N$, which is the smallest number field whose absolute Galois group acts trivially on ${\mathcal {C}}_N$. Let ${\mathcal {J}}_N=J_0(N)(F_{N})_{\textrm {tor}}$ be the torsion subgroup of the group of $F_N$-rational points on $J_0(N)$. We prove that ${\mathcal {J}}_N$ coincides with ${\mathcal {C}}_N$ outside $6N[F_N:{\mathbb {Q}}]$.
The Boko Haram Conflict and Food Insecurity: Does Resilience Capacity Matter?
Authors: Agwu George Abuchi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Drawing from a robust identification strategy and household panel data collected before and after households were exposed to the Boko Haram conflict, this paper addresses the question of whether resilience capacity is an important factor in mitigating household risks of food insecurity due to conflict shocks. Using the non-parametric difference-in-differences framework, the paper identifies that the shocks negatively affect food security, but resilience capacity attenuates the effects. While resilience actively protects households from the adverse stressors, the paper observes that the pillars of resilience were also significantly decimated by the conflict, thereby weakening households’ long-run capacity to withstand future shocks. The results are prescriptively unchanged after adjusting the operating spatial distance of exposure or switching the measure of conflict exposure to conflict intensity represented as battle fatalities. These estimates align well with the various hypotheses of the resilience approach to sustainable development. It is, therefore, recommended that conflict intervention programs incorporate rebuilding resilience, which might help restore households’ ability to overcome future shocks.
Optimizing the dynamic treatment regime of in-hospital warfarin anticoagulation in patients after surgical valve replacement using reinforcement learning
Authors: Zeng Juntong , Shao Jianzhun , Lin Shen , Zhang Hongchang , Su Xiaoting , Lian Xiaocong , Zhao Yan , Ji Xiangyang , Zheng Zhe 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective
Warfarin anticoagulation management requires sequential decision-making to adjust dosages based on patients’ evolving states continuously. We aimed to leverage reinforcement learning (RL) to optimize the dynamic in-hospital warfarin dosing in patients after surgical valve replacement (SVR).

Materials and Methods
10 408 SVR cases with warfarin dosage–response data were retrospectively collected to develop and test an RL algorithm that can continuously recommend daily warfarin doses based on patients’ evolving multidimensional states. The RL algorithm was compared with clinicians’ actual practice and other machine learning and clinical decision rule-based algorithms. The primary outcome was the ratio of patients without in-hospital INRs &gt;3.0 and the INR at discharge within the target range (1.8–2.5) (excellent responders). The secondary outcomes were the safety responder ratio (no INRs &gt;3.0) and the target responder ratio (the discharge INR within 1.8–2.5).

Results
In the test set (n = 1260), the excellent responder ratio under clinicians’ guidance was significantly lower than the RL algorithm: 41.6% versus 80.8% (relative risk [RR], 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48–0.55), also the safety responder ratio: 83.1% versus 99.5% (RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.81–0.86), and the target responder ratio: 49.7% versus 81.1% (RR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.58–0.65). The RL algorithms performed significantly better than all the other algorithms. Compared with clinicians’ actual practice, the RL-optimized INR trajectory reached and maintained within the target range significantly faster and longer.

Discussion
RL could offer interactive, practical clinical decision support for sequential decision-making tasks and is potentially adaptable for varied clinical scenarios. Prospective validation is needed.

Conclusion
An RL algorithm significantly optimized the post-operation warfarin anticoagulation quality compared with clinicians’ actual practice, suggesting its potential for challenging sequential decision-making tasks.
Association between state payment parity policies and telehealth usage at community health centers during COVID-19
Authors: Erikson Clese , Herring Jordan , Park Yoon Hong , Luo Qian , Burke Guenevere 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective
We study the association between payment parity policies and telehealth utilization at community health centers (CHCs) before, during, and after the onset of the pandemic.

Materials and Methods
We use aggregated, de-identified data from FAIR Health for privately insured patients at CHC sites. Descriptive statistics and time trends are calculated. Logistic regression models were used to quantify the factors associated with telehealth utilization for each of our time periods: 1) pre-pandemic (March-June 2019), 2) immediate pandemic response (March-June 2020), and 3) sustained pandemic response (March-June 2021).

Results
Telehealth usage rates at CHC sites surged to approximately 61% in April 2020. By April 2021, only 29% of CHC sites in states without payment parity policies used telehealth versus 42% in states with payment parity policies. Controlling for other characteristics, we find that CHC sites in states with payment parity were more likely to utilize telehealth one year after the onset of the pandemic (OR:1.740, p&lt;0.001) than states without, but did not find this association in 2019 or 2020.

Discussion
The public health emergency drove widespread use of telehealth, making the virtual care environment inherently different in 2021 than in 2019. Due to the unique fiscal constraints facing CHCs, the financial sustainability of telehealth may be highly relevant to the relationship between telehealth utilization and payment parity we find in this paper.

Conclusion
Supportive payment policy and continued investments in broadband availability in rural and undeserved communities should enable CHCs to offer telehealth services to populations in these areas.
Substantial impact of mobility restrictions on reducing COVID-19 incidence in Italy in 2020
Authors: Vinceti Marco , Balboni Erica , Rothman Kenneth J , Teggi Sergio , Bellino Stefania , Pezzotti Patrizio , Ferrari Fabrizio , Orsini Nicola , Filippini Tommaso 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Italy was the first country after China to be severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, in early 2020. The country responded swiftly to the outbreak with a nationwide two-step lockdown, the first one light and the second one tight. By analyzing 2020 national mobile phone movements, we assessed how lockdown compliance influenced its efficacy.

Methods
We measured individual mobility during the first epidemic wave with mobile phone movements tracked through carrier networks, and related this mobility to daily new SARS-CoV-2 infections, hospital admissions, intensive care admissions and deaths attributed to COVID-19, taking into account reason for travel (work-related or not) and the means of transport.

Results
The tight lockdown resulted in an 82% reduction in mobility for the entire country and was effective in swiftly curbing the outbreak as indicated by a shorter time-to-peak of all health outcomes, particularly for provinces with the highest mobility reductions and the most intense COVID-19 spread. Reduction of work-related mobility was accompanied by a nearly linear benefit in outbreak containment; work-unrelated movements had a similar effect only for restrictions exceeding 50%. Reduction in mobility by car and by airplane was nearly linearly associated with a decrease in most COVID-19 health outcomes, while for train travel reductions exceeding 55% had no additional beneficial effects. The absence of viral variants and vaccine availability during the study period eliminated confounding from these two sources.

Conclusions
Adherence to the COVID-19 tight lockdown during the first wave in Italy was high and effective in curtailing the outbreak. Any work-related mobility reduction was effective, but only high reductions in work-unrelated mobility restrictions were effective. For train travel, there was a threshold above which no further benefit occurred. These findings could be particular to the spread of SARS-CoV-2, but might also apply to other communicable infections with comparable transmission dynamics.
In vitro and in vivo efficacies of Dectin-1-Fc(IgG)(s) fusion proteins against invasive fungal infections
Authors: Ruiz Mendoza Susana , Liedke Susie Coutinho , Rodriguez de La Noval Claudia , Ferreira Marina da Silva , Gomes Kamilla Xavier , Honorato Leandro , Nimrichter Leonardo , Peralta José Mauro , Guimarães Allan Jefferson 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Fungal infections have increased in the last years, particularly associated to an increment in the number of immunocompromised individuals and the emergence of known or new resistant species, despite the difficulties in the often time-consuming diagnosis. The controversial efficacy of the currently available strategies for their clinical management, apart from their high toxicity and severe side effects, has renewed the interest in the research and development of new broad antifungal alternatives. These encompass vaccines and passive immunization strategies with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), recognizing ubiquitous fungal targets, such as fungal cell wall β-1,3-glucan polysaccharides, which could be used in early therapeutic intervention without the need for the diagnosis at species level. As additional alternatives, based on the Dectin-1 great affinity to β-1,3-glucan, our group developed broad antibody-like Dectin1-Fc(IgG)(s) from distinct subclasses (IgG2a and IgG2b) and compared their antifungal in vitro and passive immunizations in vivo performances. Dectin1-Fc(IgG2a) and Dectin1-Fc(IgG2b) demonstrated high affinity to laminarin and the fungal cell wall by ELISA, flow cytometry, and microscopy. Both Dectin-1-Fc(IgG)(s) inhibited Histoplasma capsulatum and Cryptococcus neoformans growth in a dose-dependent fashion. For Candida albicans, such inhibitory effect was observed with concentrations as low as 0.098 and 0.049 μg/ml, respectively, which correlated with the impairment of the kinetics and lengths of germ tubes in comparison to controls. Previous opsonization with Dectin-1-Fc(IgG)(s) enhanced considerably the macrophage antifungal effector functions, increasing the fungi macrophages interactions and significantly reducing the intraphagosome fungal survival, as lower CFUs were observed. The administration of both Dectin1-Fc(IgG)(s) reduced the fungal burden and mortality in murine histoplasmosis and candidiasis models, in accordance with previous evaluations in aspergillosis model. These results altogether strongly suggested that therapeutic interventions with Dectin-1-Fc(IgG)(s) fusion proteins could directly impact the innate immunity and disease outcome in favor of the host, by direct neutralization, opsonization, phagocytosis, and fungal elimination, providing interesting information on the potential of these new strategies for the control of invasive fungal infections.

Lay Summary
Mycoses have increased worldwide, and new efficient therapeutics are needed. Passive immunizations targeting universally the fungal cell would allow early interventions without the species-level diagnosis. Lectins with affinity to carbohydrates could be used to engineer ‘antibody-like’ strategies.
Long-term X-ray spectral variation of the Wolf–Rayet binary WR 102-1 in the Galactic bulge: evidence for wind distortion in the binary
Authors: Nagatsuka Tomoki , Sugawara Yasuharu , Ebisawa Ken 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
WR 102-1 was detected by Suzaku as a conspicuous point source in the 6.7 keV intensity map of the central region of the Milky Way. The source was suggested as a possible Wolf–Rayet binary based on its X-ray and infrared spectral characteristics. The iron line emission is expected to originate in the Wolf–Rayet star’s dynamic stellar wind when colliding the companion’s mild stellar wind. Here, we report the result of a long-term X-ray monitoring of WR 102-1 since 1998 using archival data of ASCA, XMM–Newton, Chandra, Suzaku, and Swift to reveal variations of the iron K-emission line and the circumstellar absorption. Consequently, we have detected significant redshifts of the iron K-emission line from the XMM–Newton observation in 2003 March and the Suzaku observation in 2006 September. Furthermore, when the redshift was observed, which suggests that the Wolf–Rayet star was in front of the companion star, the circumstellar absorption values were smaller than other periods. These results appear contrary to the expectation if the Wolf–Rayet’s stellar wind is spherically symmetric, but may be understood if the Wolf–Rayet star’s stellar wind is significantly distorted due to the rapid orbital motion near the periastron.
TeraHertz desorption emission spectroscopy (THz DES) of space relevant ices
Authors: Auriacombe Olivier , Rea S , Ioppolo S , Oldfield M , Parkes S , Ellison B , Fraser H J 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
We present an experimental instrument that performs laboratory-based gas-phase Terahertz Desorption Emission Spectroscopy (THz-DES) experiments in support of astrochemistry. The measurement system combines a terahertz heterodyne radiometer that uses room temperature semiconductor mixer diode technology previously developed for the purposes of Earth observation, with a high-vacuum desorption gas cell and high-speed digital sampling circuitry to enable high spectral and temporal resolution spectroscopy of molecular species with thermal discrimination. During use, molecules are condensed on to a liquid nitrogen cooled metal finger to emulate ice structures that may be present in space. Following deposition, thermal desorption is controlled and initiated by means of a heater and monitored via a temperature sensor. The ‘rest frequency’ spectral signatures of molecules released into the vacuum cell environment are detected by the heterodyne radiometer in real-time and characterized with high spectral resolution. To demonstrate the viability of the instrument, we have studied Nitrous Oxide (N2O). This molecule strongly emits within the terahertz (sub-millimetre wavelength) range and provide a suitable test gas and we compare the results obtained with more traditional techniques such as quadrupole mass spectrometry. The results obtained allow us to fully characterize the measurement method and we discuss its potential use as a laboratory tool in support of astrochemical observations of molecular species in the interstellar medium and the Solar System.
Dark Energy Survey Year 3 results: Imprints of cosmic voids and superclusters in the Planck CMB lensing map
Authors: Kovács A , Vielzeuf P , Ferrero I , Fosalba P , Demirbozan U , Miquel R , Chang C , Hamaus N , Pollina G , Bechtol K , Becker M , Carnero Rosell A , Carrasco Kind M , Cawthon R , Crocce M , Drlica-Wagner A , Elvin-Poole J , Gatti M , Giannini G , Gruendl R A , Porredon A , Ross A J , Rykoff E S , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Sheldon E , Yanny B , Abbott T , Aguena M , Allam S , Annis J , Bacon D , Bernstein G , Bertin E , Bocquet S , Brooks D , Burke D , Carretero J , Castander F J , Costanzi M , da Costa L N , Pereira M E S , De Vicente J , Desai S , Diehl H T , Dietrich J , Ferté A , Flaugher B , Frieman J , Garcia-Bellido J , Gaztañaga E , Gerdes D , Giannantonio T , Gruen D , Gschwend J , Gutierrez G , Hinton S , Hollowood D L , Honscheid K , Huterer D , Kuehn K , Lahav O , Lima M , March M , Marshall J , Melchior P , Menanteau F , Morgan R , Muir J , Ogando R , Palmese A , Paz-Chinchon F , Pieres A , Plazas Malagón A , Rodriguez Monroy M , Roodman A , Sanchez E , Schubnell M , Serrano S , Smith M , Suchyta E , Tarle G , Thomas D , To C-H , Varga T N , Weller (The DES Collaboration) J 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
The CMB lensing signal from cosmic voids and superclusters probes the growth of structure in the low-redshift cosmic web. In this analysis, we cross-correlated the Planck CMB lensing map with voids detected in the Dark Energy Survey Year 3 (Y3) data set (∼5000 deg2), expanding on previous measurements that used Y1 catalogues (∼1300 deg2). Given the increased statistical power compared to Y1 data, we report a 6.6σ detection of negative CMB convergence (κ) imprints using approximately 3600 voids detected from a redMaGiC luminous red galaxy sample. However, the measured signal is lower than expected from the MICE N-body simulation that is based on the ΛCDM model (parameters Ωm = 0.25, σ8 = 0.8), and the discrepancy is associated mostly with the void centre region. Considering the full void lensing profile, we fit an amplitude $A_{\kappa }=\kappa _{{\rm DES}}/\kappa _{{\rm MICE}}$ to a simulation-based template with fixed shape and found a moderate 2σ deviation in the signal with Aκ ≈ 0.79 ± 0.12. We also examined the WebSky simulation that is based on a Planck 2018 ΛCDM cosmology, but the results were even less consistent given the slightly higher matter density fluctuations than in MICE. We then identified superclusters in the DES and the MICE catalogues, and detected their imprints at the 8.4σ level; again with a lower-than-expected Aκ = 0.84 ± 0.10 amplitude. The combination of voids and superclusters yields a 10.3σ detection with an Aκ = 0.82 ± 0.08 constraint on the CMB lensing amplitude, thus the overall signal is 2.3σ weaker than expected from MICE.