bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MO092: Prevalence and Renal Prognosis of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Nondialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients With Preserved Systolic Function
Authors: Borrelli Silvio , De Nicola Luca , Garofalo Carlo , Lembo Eugenio , Netti Antonella , Lucà Sergio , Lucà Stefano , Chiodini Paolo , Paoletti Ernesto , Stanzione Giovanna , Conte Giuseppe , Minutolo Roberto 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction is common in nondialysis chronic kidney disease (ND-CKD) patients; however, the prevalence estimated according to the new diagnostic criteria as well as the prognostic role of diastolic dysfunction on CKD progression remain unknown.

METHOD
We longitudinally evaluated consecutive ND-CKD patients and preserved systolic function (LV ejection fraction &gt; 50%). According to the recently updated guidelines, LV diastolic dysfunction was assessed by four echocardiographic variables (annular e’ velocity, average mitral valve E-wave/e’ ratio, left atrial volume index and tricuspid regurgitation). Patients were classified as diastolic dysfunction, indeterminate and normal. Time-dependent eGFR change was assessed by mixed-effects regression model. Cumulative incidence of composite renal outcome (eGFR decline &gt; 50% or chronic dialysis) was also estimated.

RESULTS
Among 140 patients (age 66.2 ± 14.5 years; 61% males; eGFR 39.8 ± 21.8 mL/min/1.73 m2; 43.6% diabetics), diastolic dysfunction occurred in 22.9%, indeterminate in 45.7% and normal in 31.4%. Prevalence of diastolic dysfunction was much lower than that estimated with older criteria (62.1%). Logistic regression (OR, 95%CI) showed that diastolic dysfunction was associated with lower eGFR (0.97, 0.94–0.99), older age (1.08, 1.01–1.06) and nighttime systolic blood pressure (1.04, 1.00–1.07). Across 1702 eGFR measurements collected during a median follow-up of 4.6 years, eGFR decline (mL/min/1.73 m2/year) was faster in patients with diastolic dysfunction (−2.12, 95%CI from −2.68 to −1.56) and in the indeterminate (11.2/100 pts/year) as compared with normal (−1.14, 95%CI from −1.64 to −0.63) (Figur 2). Incidence of composite renal outcome was significantly higher in diastolic dysfunction (13.8/100 pts/year) than in normal group (3.5/100 pts/year).

CONCLUSION
In ND-CKD population, LV diastolic dysfunction is less frequent than previously described and acts as independent predictor of CKD progression.
Mixed-effect regression was adjusted for age, gender, diabetes, prior cardiovascular disease, log(proteinuria), systolic office blood pressure (BP), diurnal and nocturnal systolic ambulatory BP and left ventricular hypertrophy.
MO352: The Effect and Mechanism of Renal Targeted Delivery of MSC Exosomes in the Treatment of AKI
Authors: Jiang Wei , Wang Bin , Liu Bicheng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
AKI occurs in ∼15% hospitalized patients and over 50% intensive care unit patients. However, effective therapeutic strategies for AKI are urgently needed. The exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-exos) have achieved great focus as a cell-free therapy. As foremost metabolic organs, MSC-exos mainly collect in the liver and spleen. More attention should be considered how to induce more exosomes targeted to the injured kidney. In addition, the potential role of MSC-exos in injured kidney and the underlying mechanisms still need further research.

METHOD
Transmission electron microscopy, western blotting and nanoparticle tracking analysis were used to identify the properties of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs) derived exosomes. Kidney targeting peptide was chosen by the IVIS spectrum imaging system. Moreover, kidney targeting peptide (peptide-CGA) and CD63 targeting peptide were loaded to the MSC-exos by co-incubated (CGA-exos). Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining were utilized to confirm this. IVIS spectrum imaging system was used to assess MSC-exos distribution in vivo.

RESULTS
In vivo imaging showed that Peptide-CGA was efficiently homing to the ischemic kidney and predominantly accumulated in proximal tubules. Further Immunoprecipitation study showed that Peptide- CGA treatment group produced a specific stripe in silver staining compared with other groups. CGA-exos was successfully constructed. MSC-exos could alleviate murine ischemic kidney injury and reduced the renal tubules injury. Furthermore, in vivo imaging showed CGA-exos treatment group could attract more MSC-exos into the injured kidney, and its therapeutic effect was significantly better than that of the MSC-exos treatment group. without causing significant organ side effects.

CONCLUSION
Novel kidney targeting MSC-exos was constructed. It exhibited a preferential tendency to injured kidney and was localized to proximal tubules in AKI. We demonstrate that MSC-exos ameliorate ischemic AKI. But its further mechanisms need more insight. All in all, this highlights the potential of MSC-exos as a promising therapeutic strategy for AKI.
MO356: Protective Effects of Remote Ischemic Per-Conditioning Against Heart Injury Induced by Renal Ischemic/Reperfusion: The Role of Apelin
Authors: Karimi Zeinab , Masjedi Fatemeh , Janfeshan Sahar , Roozbeh Jamshid 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Apelin is an endogenous hormone defined as a ligand for G-protein-coupled (APJ) receptor. Apelin and APJ are produced in the peripheral tissues, including the heart and renal tissues. Renal ischemia outcomes in distant effects and the alterations observed in the heart may be important in the morbidity and mortality observed clinically. This study is designed to investigate the possible protective effect of remote ischemic per-conditioning on heart injury induced by renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) through the apelin-RAS axis.

METHOD
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into three (n = 10) groups. (1) Sham group; (2) BIR (bilateral ischemic-reperfusion) group, renal ischemia was applied for 60 min by followed with reperfusion for 24 h; and (3) BIR+RIPerC (remote ischemic per-conditioning) group, four cycles of 5-min ischemia of the left femoral artery followed by 5-min reperfusion were applied at the starting of renal ischemia. The concentrations of BUN, Cr, Troponin-I, nitrite, nitrate and the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity from plasma samples were measured. Gene expression of iNOS and ACE2 was determined in the renal and heart tissue samples. Renal and heart pathological studies were done by H&E staining.

RESULTS
Renal ischemia-reperfusion induced significant renal and cardiac structural disturbance. The plasma levels of BUN, Cr, Troponin-I, nitritem nitrate and ACE activity increased in the BIR group. Here, we have shown that ACE2 and apelin were downregulated, and iNOS was upregulated in the renal and heart tissue of the BIR group. Renal ischemia along with ischemic per-conditioning of the left femoral artery upregulated gene expression of apelin and ACE2, but not iNOS. Functional and structural biomarkers of kidney and heart, plasma content of nitrite and nitrate, and ACE activity decreased in the BIR+RIPeRC group.

CONCLUSION
Remote ischemic per-conditioning had a protective effect on kidney and heart lesions through apelin. These data confirm that the apelin-ACE2 (a negative regulator of the renin–angiotensin system) axis is a therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases.
FC 133: Knockout Of ZEB2 Ameliorates Progression of Renal Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis in a Mouse Model of Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Terada Yohsio , Inotani Satoxhi , Horino Taro , Taginiguchi Yoshinori , Sano Shigetoshi , Yanagita Motoko , Fujimoto Shimpei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Zeb2, a zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox transcription factor, reportedly regulates transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway. However, its role in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI) and AKI to chronic kidney disease (CKD) transition is unclear.

METHOD
We evaluated Zeb2 function in a bilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI)-induced AKI model using proximal tubule-specific Zeb2 conditional knockout (Zeb2-cKO) and wild-type (WT) mice. In Zeb2-cKO mice, plasma creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels post-IRI were significantly lower than those in WT mice. Immunohistological analysis revealed mild tubular injury, less fibrotic changes, and reduced expression of fibrotic proteins, such as collagen type IV, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), at 3–14 days post-IRI in Zeb2-cKO mice. We also evaluated Zeb2 expression in human renal biopsy samples, including AKI to CKD patients, by immunohistological methods.

RESULTS
Zeb2 expression was mainly upregulated in proximal tubular cells post-IRI in WT mice. Zeb2 siRNA transfection reduced TGF-β-stimulated mRNA and protein expression of collagen type IV, α-SMA, fibronectin and CTGF in cultured renal tubular cells. Notably, patients with AKI to CKD transition showed high Zeb2 expression in renal tubules, as determined by evaluation of their renal biopsy samples. Furthermore, hypoxia and CoCl2-treatment upregulated Zeb2 promoter activity and mRNA and protein expression in cultured renal tubular epithelial cells, suggesting regulatory role of hypoxia.

CONCLUSION
Thus, we demonstrated Zeb2 upregulation in renal tissues in both mice and humans with AKI and showed that Zeb2 regulates fibrotic pathways in pathogenesis of AKI and AKI to CKD transition. Our findings suggest that Zeb2 blockage could serve as a potential therapeutic strategy in AKI.
Going, but Where? The Resettlement of Japanese Americans from the Heart Mountain Relocation Center
Authors: Kekki Saara 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1942, the United States incarcerated (interned) 120,000 people of Japanese descent, two thirds of whom were U.S. citizens. Half of the incarcerated people returned to the West Coast, while the rest were dispersed across the country through the government's resettlement program. In this article, I study the resettlement of Japanese Americans away from the Heart Mountain, Wyoming, incarceration camp through historical big data and network analysis. The overarching goal of this article is to understand post-camp resettlement and its driving forces—or its obstacles—in light of the networks the inmates created at Heart Mountain. In particular, I draw attention to the ways in which resettlement choices could be seen to reflect individual agency: how resettlement decisions and actions mirror a person’s position in the incarceration community. I will uncover a variety and depth of networks that at times are indicative of compliance with authorities, while at times they may enforce separation from the dominant, i.e. White, society. This separation should not automatically be seen as negative or alienating, but rather as resistance to White expectations. Overall, these strategies highlight individual choice and agency.
Increased Residential Clustering of COVID-19 Cases Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern B.1.1.7
Authors: Flannagan Joe , Twohig Katherine A. , Carter Emma , Chudasama Dimple Y. , Lamagni Theresa , Dabrera Gavin 
Published: May 2022

Background:
The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) B.1.1.7 variant in England in 2020 and subsequent global spread emphasized the need to understand epidemiologic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 variants. A diagnostic proxy for this variant, referred to as S-gene target failure, provided a rich dataset to assess transmissibility of the variant in an analysis of clustering in residential settings.

Methods:
We used a pair-matched case–control study design to estimate odds of onward transmission within households with S-gene target failure index cases versus nontarget failure index cases. We defined cases as the index in a household cluster (clustered case) and controls as a case with no subsequent household cluster (sporadic). We matched clustered and sporadic cases one-to-one on specimen week, geography, and property type. We used conditional logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, and symptom status, to assess odds of residential clustering.

Results:
Our study population comprised 57,244 individuals with specimen dates from 23 November 2020 to 4 January 2021. Crude analysis yielded 54% increased odds (odds ratio [OR] = 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5, 1.6) of residential clustering associated with S-gene target failure; the association remained in the fully adjusted model (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.5, 1.6). Stratified analyses by region showed increased odds of residential clustering associated with target failure in all regions apart from the Southwest, where we observed lower precision. Similar adjusted odds ratios with precise confidence intervals remained in stratified analyses by property category.

Conclusion:
We observed increased odds in all property types, consistent with greater transmissibility of the B.1.1.7 variant in this high-risk setting.
The role of CYP2B6 516G>T polymorphism on efavirenz/nevirapine toxicity. Implications on treatment outcomes
Authors: Maseng Monkgomotsi J. , Tawe Leabaneng , Thami Prisca K. , Moyo Sikhulile , Kasvosve Ishmael , Novitsky Vladimir , Essex Max , Russo Gianluca , Gaseitsiwe Simani , Paganotti Giacomo M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The two non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), efavirenz (EFV) and nevirapine (NVP), are currently the core antiretroviral drugs for treatment of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa including Botswana. The drugs are metabolized by Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) liver enzyme. The CYP2B6 gene that encodes for metabolism of these drugs is known to be highly polymorphic. One of the polymorphism in the CYP2B6 gene, 516G>T, particularly the 516T allele, is known to confer poor metabolism of EFV and NVP. This may lead to high levels of plasma drug concentrations and development of treatment toxicities, like central nervous system toxicities, and cutaneous and hepatic toxicities, for EFV and NVP, respectively. The CYP2B6 516G allele on the other hand is associated with an extensive metabolism of the two NNRTIs drugs. We sought to establish association between possible developments of NNRTIs toxicities with CYP2B6 516G>T variation in Botswana.
A total of 316 peripheral blood mononuclear cells samples were used in a retrospective view. All the samples were from participants on EFV/NVP-containing regimen with known toxicity output. TaqMan Real-Time PCR approach was applied for assessing CYP2B6 516 allele variation in cases with treatment toxicity and those without. Analysis was performed by chi-square statistics and logistic regression analysis.
The rate of poor metabolizers among participants with toxicity and those without toxicity was 18.4% and 15.1%, respectively. The CYP2B6 516 genotype distribution comparisons between the participants with toxicity and those without were not statistically different (chi-square = .326; P = .568).

CYP2B6 516 variation was not associated with NNRTI toxicity. No other factors were associated with toxicity when considering age, baseline body mass index, baseline CD4, baseline HIV viral load and adherence. The results were discussed in the context of all the studies done in Botswana to date.
Pancreatic safety of DPP-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes millitus
Authors: Yang Fan , Dong Youzi , Li Baohua , Ning Bobiao , Zhao Quanlin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background:
Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitor (DPP-4i) is a common hypoglycemic medication in treating type 2 diabetes millitus. It has become widely utilized in clinical practice due to its ability to effectively manage blood glucose while posing a low risk of hypoglycemia and weight gain. However, there is no consensus on DPP-4i's pancreatic safety due to a paucity of clinical evidence. The safe event appears to be easily overlooked. This review aims to evaluate the pancreatic safety of DPP-4i in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using the standard pairwise and network meta-analysis methods.

Methods:
MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials will be used to search for published literature on the pancreatic safety of DPP-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes millitus, and clinical trial registries will be used to look for unpublished trials. Two independent reviewers will screen literature for eligibility, extract available data, and assess the risk of bias. All divergences will be resolved after rechecking the source papers and further discussion among the reviewers with a complete consensus before inclusion. The risk of bias will be assessed by the Cochrane bias risk tool, and the quality of evidence will be interpreted by the GRADE Working Group approach. We will use STATA16.0 and WinBUGS1.4.3 for paired meta-analysis and Bayesian network meta-analysis.

Results:
This study will evaluate the pancreatic safety of DPP-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes millitus.

Conclusion:
This systematic review and network meta-analysis will evaluate the pancreatic safety of DPP-4i in patients with type 2 diabetes millitus. The findings of this study may supplement the evidence-based information on DPP-4i, improve existing understanding of this issue, and assist patients and clinicians in making better treatment decisions by raising their awareness of the problem.

Protocol registration number:
INPLASY202230014.
Fertility preservation techniques in cervical carcinoma
Authors: Silvestris Erica , Paradiso Angelo Virgilio , Minoia Carla , Daniele Antonella , Cormio Gennaro , Tinelli Raffaele , D’Oronzo Stella , Cafforio Paola , Loizzi Vera , Dellino Miriam 
Published: May 2022

Astract
The usefulness of this review is to highlight how a fertility preservation (FP) approach is currently feasible for patients diagnosed with uterine cervical cancer. To this regard, a fertility sparing surgery has just overcome its traditional limits, gained acceptance within the major gynecologic oncology societies thanks to the ability to identify the “ideal” candidates to this conservative treatment. On the other hand, the use of other FPs for oocyte and ovarian cortex cryopreservation is still extremely debated. In fact, the existing risk of tumor spreading during oocyte retrieval necessary for oocyte cryostorage for patients’ candidates for neo-adjuvant therapy, as well as the potential hazard of cancer cell dissemination after ovarian tissue replacement in cases of non-squamous type cervical carcinomas should not be underestimated. Therefore, in consideration of the encountered limitations and the need to ensure adequate reproductive health for young uterine cervical cancer survivors, translational research regarding the FP has progressively collected innovative insights into the employment of stemness technology. In this context, the property of ovarian stem cells obtained from the ovarian cortex to generate functional oocytes in women could represent a promising therapeutic alternative to the current procedures for a novel and safer FP approach in cancer survivors.
Prognostic factors for acute posterior circulation cerebral infarction patients after endovascular mechanical thrombectomy
Authors: Gao Jun , Wen Changming , Sun Jun , Chen Di , Zhang Donghuan , Wang Ning , Liu Yifeng , Wang Jie , Zhang Baochao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This article was to analyze the factors influencing the prognosis of posterior circulation cerebral infarction (PCCI) patients, retrospectively.
One hundred forty five patients diagnosed with PCCI in Nanyang Central Hospital between June 25, 2016 and October 14, 2019 were included and underwent cerebral vascular mechanical thrombectomy. The clinical data of those patients were collected. The patients were followed up for 3 months to observe the prognostic efficacy and explore the influencing factors for poor prognosis. The potential prognostic factors for PCCI patients after emergency endovascular mechanical thrombectomy were analyzed by univariate and multivariable logistic regression. The thermodynamic diagram was drawn to explore the associations between the prognostic factors.
The risk of poor prognosis in PCCI patients receiving emergency endovascular mechanical thrombectomy was reduced by 0.552 time with every 1-point increase of the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT in posterior circulation score (odds ratio [OR] = 0.448, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.276–0.727). The risk of poor prognosis was increased by 0.827 time for each additional grade in the digital subtraction angiography-American Society of Intervention and Therapeutic Neuroradiology grading (OR = 1.827, 95% CI: 1.221–2.733, P = .003) and increased by 0.288 time for every 1-point increase in National Institutes of Health Stroke scale at 24 hours (OR = 1.288, 95% CI: 1.161–1.429). All P < .05.
Alberta Stroke Program Early CT in posterior circulation score, digital subtraction angiography-American Society of Intervention and Therapeutic Neuroradiology grading, National Institutes of Health Stroke scale score at 24 hours were factors affecting the prognosis of PCCI patients undergoing emergency endovascular mechanical thrombectomy, which might provide evidence for endovascular treatment of PCCI.
Effect of varicocelectomy on detailed sperm morphology parameters
Authors: Yaris Mehmet , Kilinc Rifat 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Although many studies suggest that varicocelectomy leads to improvement in semen parameters and morphology, its clinical efficacy remains controversial. The detailed morphological parameters described in the World Health Organization guidelines are important in terms of showing the effect of microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy on morphological changes.
An observational, retrospective clinical cohort study was conducted with patients followed up from January 2018 to August 2021. This study included the data of 79 patients who met the criterion of undergoing at least 2 detailed morphological evaluations before and after surgery. All operations were performed by the same surgical team using the microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy technique.
The mean age of the patients was 30.25 years. Of the patients, 63 underwent left-sided varicocelectomy and 16 underwent bilateral surgery. The sperm analysis revealed statistically significant increases in sperm volume (P = .006), sperm concentration (P = .003), total sperm count (P = .001), progressive sperm motility (P < .001), and normal morphology (P < .001). In the detailed morphological evaluation, except for the elongated head anomaly (P = .037), no other statistically significant changes were found in relation to sperm head, tail, and neck anomalies after surgery.
This study makes an important contribution to the literature, being the first to use the subinguinal microscopic varicocelectomy technique in detailed morphological semen evaluation. We consider that detailed morphology examination in the selection and treatment of infertile patients may be useful in evaluating the efficacy of varicocelectomy.