bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polypharmacy occurrence and the related risk of premature death among older adults in Denmark: A nationwide register-based cohort study
Authors: Jørring Pallesen Anna Vera , Kristiansen Maria , Westendorp Rudi G. J. , Mortensen Laust Hvas 
Published: February 2022

Background
Polypharmacy, defined as the concurrent use of ≥5 medications, increases the risk of drug-drug and drug-disease interactions as well as non-adherence to drug therapy. This may have negative health consequences particularly among older adults due to age-related pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes. This study aims to uncover the occurrence of polypharmacy among older adults in Denmark and investigate how polypharmacy relates to mortality.

Method
This nationwide register-based study included 1,338,058 adults aged 65+ years between January 2013 and December 2017 in Denmark. Polypharmacy prevalence was measured at time of inclusion while incidence and the association between polypharmacy and mortality were measured over the five-year follow-up using Cox regression. In an attempt to adjust for confounding by indication, propensity scores with overlap weighting were introduced to the regression model.

Results
At time of inclusion, polypharmacy prevalence was 29% and over the five years follow-up, 47% of the remaining adults transitioned into polypharmacy. Identified risk factors included multimorbidity (2+ morbidities: HR = 3.51; 95% CI = 3.48–3.53), age (95+ years: HR = 2.85; 95% CI = 2.74–2.96), socioeconomic factors (Highest income quartile: HR = 0.81; 95% CI = 0.80–0.81), region of birth region (Non-western migrants: HR = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.75–0.79), marital status (Divorced: HR = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.10–1.12) and year of inclusion (2017: HR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.19–1.22). Further analyses showed that polypharmacy involves many different drug cocktails with medication for the cardiovascular system (95%), blood and blood-forming organs (69%), alimentary tract and metabolism (61%) and nervous system (54%) contributing the most. After adjustment for propensity scores with OW, both polypharmacy (HR = 3.48, CI95% = 3.41–3.54) and excessive polypharmacy (HR = 3.48, CI95% = 3.43–3.53) increased the risk of death substantially.

Conclusion
A considerable proportion of older adults in Denmark were exposed to polypharmacy dependent on health status, socio-economic status, and societal factors. The associated three- to four-fold mortality risk indicate a need for further exploration of the appropriateness of polypharmacy among older adults.
Obesidad como factor de riesgo de severidad en Covid-19 en pediatría: a propósito de un caso
Authors: Prieto Andrea Carolina , Marín Castro Alejandra Soledad , Quintero Altare Alejandro , Baquero Castañeda Olga Lucia 
Published: February 2022

Antecedentes: la pandemia por coronavirus representa un desafío sin antecedentes para la salud pública mundial, como causa de morbimortalidad sustancial que ha impactado negativamente en todos los campos de la sociedad. La obesidad se ha identificado como factor de riesgo para diferentes patologías especialmente cardiovasculares, no obstante, la evidencia en adultos también la ha asociado con severidad de COVID-19. Reporte de caso: presentamos el caso de un paciente de 12 años, obeso (IMC 34 kg/m2), quien curso con neumonía severa por COVID-19. Se realizó la revisión de la literatura disponible de la relación entre severidad de infección por SARS-CoV-2 y obesidad en el paciente pediátrico. Conclusión: la obesidad es un factor de riesgo modificable prevalente en nuestra sociedad, que se asocia a mayor tasa de mortalidad y complicaciones durante la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes pediátricos.
Produção da laranja no principal cinturão citrícola brasileiro: perfil e a concorrência com outras culturas
Authors: Guerreiro Neto Gerônimo , Rangel Fernandes Figueira Sérgio 
Published: February 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar dentro do principal cinturão citrícola brasileiro – estado de São Paulo e o Triangulo/Sudoeste Mineiro – a percepção do produtor de laranja com relação a substituição da cultura por outra dentro de sua propriedade. Em 922 propriedades, estratificadas em número de plantas: até 20.000; 20.001 a 100.000 e mais que 100.000, divididas em 12 regiões e 5 setores, foram realizadas 260 entrevistas – uma em cada propriedade. Com 93 % de nível de confiança e 5 % de erro amostral, foi identificado que: a produção de laranja dentro da região pesquisada, é composta em sua maioria por produtores ainda de pequeno porte (menor que 20.000 plantas), com baixa produtividade por hectare, e pouca sofisticação nos métodos de controle dos custos de produção. A pesquisa identificou equilíbrio na presença da laranja com outras culturas nas propriedades, além do que, o produtor tem a percepção que a laranja, foi nas últimas safras, mais rentável que as culturas presentes em sua região, e, por isso, não pretende, substituir a cultura cítrica por outra. Em caso de troca, a cana- de- açúcar é a cultura preferida por parte dos produtores – sobretudo nas regiões ao centro e norte do cinturão citrícola brasileiro.
Palavras- chave: regiões. setores. propriedades citrícolas. laranja. cana-de- açúcar
diversidade do espaço rural e a influência das relações de produção na educação
Authors: Cruz Abigail Bruna da , De Castro de Azevedo Sandra 
Published: February 2022

Resumo
Este artigo objetiva mostrar como a diversidade dentro da categoria Agricultura Familiar pode impactar a educação nas escolas rurais. Para tanto, realizou-se uma caracterização socioespacial das propriedades rurais do distrito de Barranco Alto, do município de Alfenas em Minas Gerais, que é marcadamente composta pelo modo de produção da agricultura familiar. Depois, foram criados quadros mostrando as principais diferenças entre os sete grupos em análise, buscando combinar as informações coletadas e organizadas nos quadros às teorias que tratam a respeito de questões pertinentes aos temas produção, cultura e relações de poder, para depois adentrar ao tema específico de ensino. Embora seja consideravelmente restrito o espaço rural estudado, esse espaço apresenta grande diversidade em suas dinâmicas socioespaciais já que cada sujeito desempenha um papel diferente nessa teia e isso reflete diretamente no ensino, que por vez tem que ser pensado de forma crítica para lançar luz às contradições existentes na sociedade e vivenciadas pelos alunos.
Palavras-chave: Meio Rural. Produção. Diversidade. Relações sociais. Ensino.
Sensitivity of CNOSSOS-EU sound propagation model to digital surface components
Authors: Balogh Edina Anna , Schmelz Tamás , Orosz László 
Published: February 2022

The accuracy of input data is a key issue in sound propagation model calculations. This paper aimed to assess the effect of building and land cover input data accuracy on CNOSSOS-EU sound propagation model outputs. Calculations were performed for a study site with a quite diverse land cover structure, located along a major road in Monor, Hungary. Nine test cases were defined based on building and land cover datasets with different accuracy. Comparing the results of the test cases to each other, it was found that in residential areas, the sound propagation model is more sensitive to the building data than to the land cover data. Therefore, it is recommended to use more detailed building input data in those areas, while using a land cover database with higher resolution than CORINE land cover data does not provide significantly better results. In non-residential areas, the influence of land cover input data on model results increases significantly.
The DSGE model and the optimal monetary rule
Authors: Habiby Salwa 
Published: February 2022

Inflation targeting policy is a monetary policy framework that ensures a low inflation rate, close to an objective that is usually 2%. Due to deterioration of the relationship between monetary variables and aggregates in many economies, this policy is emerging as a new monetary strategy. Bank Al-Maghrib is part of this process, and thus Morocco has taken the first step in this direction by adopting a more flexible exchange rate regime. Nevertheless, the transition to this regime requires knowledge of the transmission of the interest rate on inflation and output.
In this article, we determine the optimal monetary rule to accomplish Morocco's transition to inflation targeting. We evaluate this rule by first constructing a DSGE model for a closed economy and then estimating through Bayesian estimation four sub-models (four monetary rules).
The comparison between models shows that the rule associated with inflation and output targeting with interest rate smoothing allows for better transmission of monetary policy. It is therefore the optimal monetary rule for the eventual implementation of inflation targeting policy in Morocco.
Keywords: inflation targeting, credibility, economic growth, Neo Keynesian model, monetary rule.
Deconstructing Cutting: An Evidence-Based Coaching Framework to Reduce Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Risk
Authors: Davies William T. , Read Paul J. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTFew evidence-based guides exist to support coaches in delivering technical elements of cutting that may reduce the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. In isolation, balance exercises, jump landing, cutting movements, as well as modifying the penultimate step, may alter biomechanics favorably during this maneuver. By breaking this serial skill into its constituent parts, the coach is afforded an opportunity to observe trainable deficits, and allows the player more opportunity for practice. In addition, factors such as specificity to the direction of load during landings, alongside building capacity, and using externally focused cues may be crucial for adaptation and transference into open sporting scenarios.
Morpho-Electric Properties and Diversity of Oxytocin Neurons in Paraventricular Nucleus of Hypothalamus in Female and Male Mice
Authors: Chen Saiyong , Xu Hao , Dong Shun , Xiao Lei 
Published: February 2022

Oxytocin (OXT) neurons in paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVN) are involved in modulating multiple functions, including social, maternal, feeding, and emotional related behaviors. PVN OXT neurons are canonically classified into magnocellular (Magno) and parvocellular (Parvo) subtypes. However, morpho-electric properties and the diversity of PVN OXT neurons are not well investigated. In this study, we profiled the morpho-electric properties of PVN OXT neurons by combining transgenic mice, electrophysiological recording, morphologic reconstruction, and unsupervised clustering analyses. Total 224 PVN OXT neurons from 23 mice were recorded and used for analyses in this study, and 29 morpho-electric parameters were measured. Magno and Parvo OXT neurons have prominent differences in their morpho-electric features, and PVN OXT neurons in male and female mice share similar neuronal properties. Some morpho-electric features of PVN OXT neurons, especially Magno neurons, exhibit significant diverse changes along the rostral–caudal axis. Furthermore, we find that PVN OXT neurons are classified into at least six subtypes based on their morpho-electric properties via unsupervised clustering. Only one Magno-Parvo mixed subtype in posterior PVN subregion, but not the other five subtypes, showed significant neuronal activity change in different feeding conditions. Our study supports the diversity of PVN OXT neurons and subtle neuron classification will promote excavating the functions of oxytocinergic system.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOxytocin (OXT) is well known for its function in labor induction, but it also plays multiple roles in social, feeding, and emotional behaviors via modulating different brain regions. Paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVN) OXT neurons are traditionally classified into magnocellular and parvocellular. However, functional and single-cell transcriptomic studies indicate that OXT neurons should be further classified. Here, we thoroughly investigated the morpho-electric properties and spatial distribution of PVN OXT neurons, and find that OXT neurons have at least six subtypes based on their morpho-electric features. Among these six subtypes, only one magnocellular-parvocellular mixed subtype, which are distributed in the posterior PVN subregion, change their activities with different feeding states. Our study uncovers the diversity of PVN OXT neurons and suggests the necessary of subtle neuronal classification.
Pembaharuan Sistem KUPVA BB Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Pencuci Uang
Authors: Jaya Alvian Dwiangga , Nurifanti Ersya Dwi 
Published: February 2022

Pertumbuhan perekonomian, pariwisata dan infrastruktur Indonesia yang masif menyebabkan banyaknya wisatawan asing berkunjung ke Indonesia, hal ini menimbulka suatu kebutuhan untuk disediakannya fasilitas penukaran valuta asing atau money changer. Namun, pada implementasinya money changer ternyata menjadi sarana Tindak Kejahatan Pencucian Uang. Dalam hal ini pemerintah sebenarnya telah menjerat pelaku TPPU tersebut dalam Pasal 3 UU Nomor 8 Tahun 2010 tentang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang. Namun, masih ditemukan banyak kelemahan dalam sistem pengawasan dan penerapan sistem anti money laundering dalam mekanisme transaksi money changer tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab problematika money changer saat ini dengan mengkaji BSPI 2025 terhadap pemberantasan TPPU yang terjadi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian normatif dengan menganalisis aspek hukum dan melakukan penelusuran bahan kepustakaan. Penegakan hukum dan pengawasan yang ada saat ini belum mampu menjawab persoalan KUPVA BB dalam TPPU baik secara preventif maupun represif karena masih tingginya angka TPPU dalam KUPVA BB saat ini. BSPI 2025 hadir sebagai solusi untuk menjawab tantangan di era digital khususnya dalam hal ini adalah untuk penanganan masalah KUPVA BB. Kelemahan dalam sistem KUPVA BB sebelum adanya SPI 2025 ini adalah mekanisme transaksi dan pengawasan pemerintah. BI melalui BSPI 2025, akan membentuk sistem yang memuat struktur, pendelegasian pengaturan, dan pembaharuan mekanisme transaksi, hal ini dapat dinilai efektif dalam menangani KUPVA BB dalam TPPU.
Formulasi Yuridis Terhadap Urgensi Perancangan Kebijakan Pajak Karbon Sebagai Pendorong Transisi Energi Baru Terbarukan Berdasarkan Pancasila
Authors: Harris Rahadyan Fajar , Ramadhan Muhammad Fariz Adhyaksa 
Published: February 2022

Abstrak
Mitigasi perubahan iklim setelah pandemi Covid-19 telah menjadi masalah global yang vital. Salah satu alasannya adalah sektor industri yang terus tumbuh pasca perlambatan ekonomi selama pandemi dan menjadi ancaman besar bagi lingkungan. Menanggapi memburuknya perubahan iklim, "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change" (UNFCCC) telah merumuskan kebijakan untuk memitigasi perubahan iklim dengan mengurangi emisi karbon. Sebagai anggota, Indonesia telah menyatakan komitmennya untuk mengurangi emisi karbon sebesar 29% hingga 41% pada tahun 2030 melalui kerja sama internasional yang dituangkan dalam Perjanjian Paris. Mengikuti komitmen internasional tersebut, Indonesia harus merancang kebijakan pajak karbon yang efektif mengurangi emisi karbon. Selain itu, pajak karbon dapat menjadi langkah awal dalam pelaksanaan transisi energi fosil ke energi baru dan terbarukan. Namun faktanya, akibat kenaikan biaya produksi, penerapan pajak karbon disinyalir menyebabkan kenaikan harga, yang berujung pada penurunan tenaga kerja dan peningkatan pengangguran. Selain itu, daya beli masyarakat juga akan melemah. Sehingga berdampak besar pada tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun rencana pajak karbon yang akan mengurangi emisi karbon dengan tetap menitikberatkan pada kesejahteraan masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif untuk melakukan penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rancangan pajak karbon harus sejalan dengan nilai Pancasila, agar kesejahteraan masyarakat dapat sejalan dengan komitmen pemerintah.
Kata Kunci: Emisi Karbon, Energi Baru Terbarukan; Kesejahteraan Masyarakat; Mitigasi Perubahan Iklim; Transisi Energi.
Association of Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential with Worse Kidney Function and Anemia in Two Cohorts of Patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Vlasschaert Caitlyn , McNaughton Amy J.M. , Chong Michael , Cook Elina K. , Hopman Wilma , Kestenbaum Bryan , Robinson-Cohen Cassianne , Garland Jocelyn , Moran Sarah M. , Paré Guillaume , Clase Catherine M. , Tang Mila , Levin Adeera , Holden Rachel , Rauh Michael J. , Lanktree Matthew B. 
Published: February 2022

Significance Statement
Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), a premalignant expansion of clonal leukocytes caused by acquired somatic mutations in myeloid stem/progenitor cells, occurs in 10%–15% of the general population aged 65 years or older. This proinflammatory condition appears causally associated with cardiovascular disease and death. The authors found that 43 of 172 (25%) individuals with advanced CKD had CHIP. Those with CHIP had a 2.2-fold greater risk of kidney failure over 5 years of follow-up and were more likely to have complications of CKD (including anemia) compared with those without CHIP. More research, including studies in animal models, is needed to understand the relationship between CHIP and CKD. CHIP-related inflammation might offer a novel therapeutic target for those with CHIP and CKD.

Background
Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is an inflammatory premalignant disorder resulting from acquired genetic mutations in hematopoietic stem cells. This condition is common in aging populations and associated with cardiovascular morbidity and overall mortality, but its role in CKD is unknown.

Methods
We performed targeted sequencing to detect CHIP mutations in two independent cohorts of 87 and 85 adults with an eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73m2. We also assessed kidney function, hematologic, and mineral bone disease parameters cross-sectionally at baseline, and collected creatinine measurements over the following 5-year period.

Results
At baseline, CHIP was detected in 18 of 87 (21%) and 25 of 85 (29%) cohort participants. Participants with CHIP were at higher risk of kidney failure, as predicted by the Kidney Failure Risk Equation (KFRE), compared with those without CHIP. Individuals with CHIP manifested a 2.2-fold increased risk of a 50% decline in eGFR or ESKD over 5 years of follow-up (hazard ratio 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 3.8) in a Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for age, sex, and baseline eGFR. The addition of CHIP to 2-year and 5-year calibrated KFRE risk models improved ESKD predictions. Those with CHIP also had lower hemoglobin, higher ferritin, and higher red blood cell mean corpuscular volume versus those without CHIP.

Conclusions
In this exploratory analysis of individuals with preexisting CKD, CHIP was associated with higher baseline KFRE scores, greater progression of CKD, and anemia. Further research is needed to define the nature of the relationship between CHIP and kidney disease progression.
A Révay család könyvtárának feltárt kötetei az Esztergomi Főszékesegyházi Könyvtárban
Authors: Dobó Judit 
Published: February 2022

A Révay család több tagja is az esztergomi székeskáptalan javadalmasa volt, így az Esztergomi Főszékesegyházi Könyvtárban jelentős azoknak a könyveknek a száma, amelyek a Révayakhoz köthetők. Az ő köteteiken kívül a család nem egyházi pozícióban lévő tagjaitól is több kötetet őriz a gyűjtemény. A jelenlegi közlemény a 16–17. században élt családtagok újonnan azonosított köteteit írja le, hivatkozva a korszak már korábban ismertetett könyveire. A család könyvtárát, a gyűjtemény bizonyos darabjainak jelenlegi helyét ismeri a szakirodalom. Az eddig ismert kötetek igen alacsony száma viszont megnehezíti egyes kérdések megválaszolását. A Révay Ferenc (?–1670) turóci főispán szklabinyai könyvtáráról készült 1651-es könyvjegyzék ugyan rendelkezésünkre áll, de a rövid, pontatlan leírások nem segítik a művek azonosítását. Így a könyvtár összetételéről, illetve arról, hogy mely családtagok köteteit tartalmazhatjamég a jegyzék, nem kapunk pontos képet. Az Esztergomi Főszékesegyházi Könyvtár gyűjteményében folyó katalogizálási munka során az utóbbi időben számos olyan kötet került feldolgozásra, melyeket eddig nem ismert a szakirodalom. A példányok jelentős részét sikerült azonosítani az 1651-es könyvjegyzék tételeivel, így ezek a kötetek segítséget nyújthatnak olyan kérdések megválaszolásában, pontosításában, amelyekre eddig nem volt lehetőség, ugyanakkor számos új problémát is felvetnek.
Impact of Mulberry Leaf Extract and Mulberry Leaf Powder on Serum Nesfatin-1 Level in Nicotinamide/Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetic Rats
Authors: Eskandari Mehrabadi M , Salemi Z , Fallah S 
Published: February 2022

Background & Objective: In traditional medicine, leaves of white mulberry (Morus alba L.) are used as antidiabetic agents. Considering the presence of flavonoids, this plant exhibits insulin mimetic activities. Nesfatin-1 is described as an anorexigenic regulatory peptide, which can influence glucose metabolism via insulin sensitivity enhancement. This study examined the effects of both mulberry leaf powder and extract (MLP and MLE) on fasting blood glucose (FBG), nesfatin-1, and insulin in diabetic Wistar rats.
Materials & Methods: Five groups of rats (n, 40) were included and examined in this study. A group was selected as the healthy control (I), while the other groups received streptozotocin and nicotinamide (55 and 110 mg/kg bw, respectively) for diabetes induction. Diabetic rats were then grouped as follows: control group (II); sham group (receiving ethanol) (III); treatment group receiving 600 mg/kg/day of MLE (IV); and treatment group receiving 25% MLP (V). After 6 weeks, we measured insulin, nesfatin-1, and FBG in the groups.
Results: The FBG level decreased in the treatment groups, while serum insulin increased in comparison with the diabetic controls. In addition, serum level of nesfatin-1 improved significantly (to an almost normal level) in MLP rats in comparison with the diabetic controls. (pvalue<0.05) The effects of MLE on serum nesfatin-1 was similar to MLP but not significant. (pvalue>0.05)
Conclusion: Considering the reduction in insulin level and the rise in blood glucose, the diabetic control group showed an increase in serum nesfatin-1 with a compensatory mechanism, while hyperglycemia improved in the MLE and MLP groups, and the level of nesfatin-1 reduced. MLP showed greater efficacy than MLE in the improvement of nesfatin-1, which might be related to the presence of ethanol in MLE.