bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two-dimensional graphyne–graphene heterostructure for all-carbon transistors
Authors: Huang Jing , Kang Jun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Semiconducting graphyne is a two-dimensional (2D) carbon allotrope with high mobility, which is promising for next generation all-carbon field effect transistors (FETs). In this work, the electronic properties of van der Waals heterostructure consists of 2D graphyne and graphene (GY/G) were studied from first-principles calculations. It is found that the band dispersion of isolated graphene and graphyne remain intact after they were stacked together. Due to the charge transfer from graphene to graphyne, the Fermi level of the GY/G heterostructure crosses the VB of graphene and the CB of graphyne. As a result, n-type Ohmic contact with zero Schottky barrier height (SBH) is obtained in GY/G based FETs. Moreover, the electron tunneling from graphene to graphyne is found to be efficient. Therefore, excellent electron transport properties can be expected in GY/G based FETs. Lastly, it is demonstrated that the SBH in the GY/G heterostructure can be tune by applying a vertical external electric field or doping, and the transition from n-type to p-type contact can be realized. These results show that GY/G is potentially suitable for 2D FETs, and provide insights into the development of all-carbon electronic devices.
CAD-based x-ray CT calibration and error compensation
Authors: Fragnaud Cédric , Remacha Clément , Betancur Julián , Roux Stéphane 
Published: February 2022

AbstractArtifacts due to imperfect determination of the scanner geometry, beam hardening (BH), and diffuse Compton scattering, limit the quantitative exploitation of radiographs or tomographies for non-destructive evaluation. Exploiting the computer-aided design (CAD) model of an industrial part, a methodology is proposed to refine the estimation of the computed tomography (CT)-scanner geometry up to a scale factor, to correct or account for artifacts, and to assess the metrology of the part. A projective model describing the formation of x-ray images in CT-scanners is first introduced. The optimal parameters of the projective model are identified using a novel CAD-based calibration method that relies on the registration of simulated projections onto experimental ones. A metrological analysis based on the comparison between acquired and simulated x-ray images is proposed. A turbine blade, for which an automatic inspection procedure from few views is under development, is used as an example to illustrate the proposed methodology. The parametrization accounts for the refinement of the projection geometry, the calibration of BH, and the estimation of scattering. It is shown that, using the proposed procedure, the differences between acquired and simulated radiographic images are significantly reduced, indicating that the optimal parameters are properly identified. These differences are then exploited to detect flaws in the part.
Resolution enhanced statistically optimal cylindrical near-field acoustic holography based on equivalent source method
Authors: Cheng Wei , Zhang Peng , Song Chao , Chen Xuefeng , Ou Kai , Ahsan Muhammad Mubashir 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
For the sound field reconstruction of large cylindrical surfaces, statistically optimal cylindrical near-field acoustic holography (SOCNAH) has high reconstruction accuracy but low resolution. To solve this problem, resolution enhanced SOCNAH (RE-SOCNAH) based on equivalent source method (ESM) is proposed. Firstly, near-field measurements are used to acquire the complex sound pressures on the holographic surface. Secondly, with the sound field on all measurement points as boundary conditions, single-layer potential ESM is used to reconstruct the sound pressure on corresponding interpolation points. Finally, with the sound pressure on all holographic points after interpolation, SOCNAH is used to reconstruct the sound pressure on the large cylindrical surface. Furthermore, arrangement of equivalent sources and performance of RE-SOCNAH are studied according to typical numerical and experimental studies on a cylindrical test bed. Generally, this paper provides an accurate and RE-NAH method for large cylindrical surfaces, which can provide significant evidences for noise monitoring and control.
Nanostructure of the laser-modified transition metal nanocomposites for water splitting
Authors: Wawrzyniak Jakub , Karczewski Jakub , Coy Emerson , Ryl Jacek , Grochowska Katarzyna , Siuzdak Katarzyna 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Although hydrogen is considered by many to be the green fuel of the future, nowadays it is primarily produced through steam reforming, which is a process far from ecological. Therefore, emphasis is being put on the development of electrodes capable of the efficient production of hydrogen and oxygen from water. To make the green alternative possible, the solution should be cost-efficient and well processable, generating less waste which is a huge challenge. In this work, the laser-based modification technique of the titania nanotubes containing sputtered transition metal species (Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) was employed. The characteristics of the electrodes are provided both for the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions, where the influence of the laser treatment has been found to have the opposite effect. The structural and chemical analysis of the substrate material provides insight into pathways towards more efficient, low-temperature water splitting. Laser-assisted integration of transition metal with the tubular nanostructure results in the match-like structure where the metal species are accumulated at the head. The electrochemical data indicates a significant decrease in material resistance that leads to an overpotential of only +0.69 V at 10 mA cm−2 for nickel-modified material.
Multi-view learning for lymph node metastasis prediction using tumor and nodal radiomics in gastric cancer
Authors: Yang Jing , Wang Li , Qin Jiale , Du Jichen , Ding Mingchao , Niu Tianye , Li Rencang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurpose.This study aims to develop and validate a multi-view learning method by the combination of primary tumor radiomics and lymph node (LN) radiomics for the preoperative prediction of LN status in gastric cancer (GC).Methods.A total of 170 contrast-enhanced abdominal CT images from GC patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. After data preprocessing, two-step feature selection approach including Pearson correlation analysis and supervised feature selection method based on test-time budget (FSBudget) was performed to remove redundance of tumor and LN radiomics features respectively. Two types of discriminative features were then learned by an unsupervised multi-view partial least squares (UMvPLS) for a latent common space on which a logistic regression classifier is trained. Five repeated random hold-out experiments were employed.Results.On 20-dimensional latent common space, area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), precision, accuracy, recall and F1-score are 0.9531 ± 0.0183, 0.9260 ± 0.0184, 0.9136 ± 0.0174, 0.9468 ± 0.0106 and 0.9362 ± 0.0125 for the training cohort respectively, and 0.8984 ± 0.0536, 0.8671 ± 0.0489, 0.8500 ± 0.0599, 0.9118 ± 0.0550 and 0.8882 ± 0.0440 for the validation cohort respectively (reported as mean ± standard deviation). It shows a better discrimination capability than single-view methods, our previous method, and eight baseline methods. When the dimension was reduced to 2, the model not only has effective prediction performance, but also is convenient for data visualization.Conclusions.Our proposed method by integrating radiomics features of primary tumor and LN can be helpful in predicting lymph node metastasis in patients of GC. It shows multi-view learning has great potential for guiding the prognosis and treatment decision-making in GC.
Fast gas heating and kinetics of electronically excited states in a nanosecond capillary discharge in CO2
Authors: Pokrovskiy G V , Popov N A , Starikovskaia S M 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Fast gas heating in a pulsed nanosecond capillary discharge in pure CO2 under the conditions of high specific deposited energy (around 1.2 eV/molecule) and high reduced electric fields (150–250 Td) has been studied experimentally and numerically. Specific deposited energy, reduced electric field and gas temperature have been measured as functions of time. The radial distribution of the electron density has been analyzed experimentally. The role of quenching of O(1D), O(1S) and CO(a3Π) excited atoms and molecules leading to heat release at sub-microsecond time scale have been analyzed by numerical modeling in the framework of 1D axial approximation.
I–V Characteristics of E-mode GaN-based transistors under gate floating
Authors: Qin Zhen-Wei , Tsai Wen-Hsuan , Chen Wei-Chia , Lo Hao-Hsuan , Hsin Yue-Ming 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This study investigates the I–V behaviors of various E-mode GaN-based transistors under gate floating and zero gate bias. The p-GaN gate high electron mobility transistor (HEMTs), gate injection transistors, and Cascode GaN FETs have been adopted and compared. The high off-state drain current is observed under gate floating except for Cascode GaN FETs based on the measured I–V characteristics. The off-state drain current of p-GaN gate HEMT is up to 0.8 mA under gate floating at a drain bias of 6 V, which is about 107 times larger than zero gate bias. The devices will induce false-turn-on and reverse conduction loss during switching under gate floating due to the capacitance charging effect between the drain and the gate electrodes. The mechanism of the capacitance charging effect is discussed using the equivalent circuit of p-GaN gate HEMTs and confirmed by Silvaco TCAD simulation.
Enhanced electromechanical resilience and mechanism of the composites-coated fabric sensors with crack-induced conductive network for wearable applications
Authors: Wang Xi , Li Qiao , Tao Xiaoming 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Conductive composites-coated fabric sensors are favorable sensing elements for wearable applications. However, rheology of composites ingredients has been causing inaccuracy due to high hysteresis and low instantaneity in real-time measurements. To address this problem, a composites-coated fabric-based strain sensor was fabricated and studied. A physical pretreatment scheme was designed to produce cracked surface morphology on the conductive composites film, yielding a stable conductive network. Results showed that this scheme can significantly lower the electrical hysteresis of the sensors by about 35% and effectively reduce electrical and mechanical relaxation, hence notably improved electromechanical resilience of the sensors. It is also found that the linear strain-resistance property of the sensors was largely retained after pretreatment. Sensing mechanism of the cracked sensors was further derived to understand the results. Through all the observations and application prospect demonstrated by two sensing belts, it is suggested that cracking can be considered to improve sensing performance for other coated fabric flexible sensors.
Development of modular multi-degree-of-freedom hybrid joints and robotic flexible legs via fluidic elastomer actuators
Authors: Dong Xuguang , Wang Yixin , Liu Xin-Jun , Zhao Huichan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Soft actuators with high safety, adaptivity, and energy-to-weight ratio have the potential to be used in developing more adaptive legged robots. In this work, we incorporate soft actuators into rigid parallel mechanisms and develop multi-degree-of-freedom (multi-DOF) soft-rigid hybrid joints that can actively achieve 1, 2, and 3 DOFs actuated by 2, 4, and 8 bellows-type fluidic elastomer actuators (FEAs), respectively. The FEAs exhibit large axial strain (ϵ
e max = 176%, ϵ
c max = 25%), small radial expansion (ϵ
r max = 12%) at 70 kPa, and are light weight, and the rigid parallel mechanisms constrain motions of the joints to the desired DOFs. We characterize the proposed joints’ kinematic and static performances by measuring their range of motion and blocked torque upon actuation. Results show that these joints successfully achieve all desired DOFs and are of high torque to weight ratio (4.07 N·m·kg−1). A bucking prediction model is established to evaluate the critical buckling pressure. As a demonstration for legged robots, we use the proposed joints and develop two types of multi-DOF legs based on inspirations from the DOF configuration of legged mammals’ musculoskeletal systems. Preliminary results demonstrate that FEAs-based multi-DOF legs can perform fundamental biomimetic movements (e.g. leg swing) through pressure adjustment, and high-speed tasks (e.g. ball kicking and jumping) through high-pressure and short-pulse actuation.
Optical properties of 87Rb atomic vapor near the 1D photonic crystal bandgap and all-optical switching of transmitted light
Authors: Shiri J , Khalilzadeh J , Asadpour SH 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We investigate the steady-state and dynamic behavior of the optical properties of the laser pulse in a GaAs/AlAs 1D photonic crystal (1DPC) with an atomic vapor defect layer. We chose the atomic vapor of the 87Rb as a defect layer by driving the probe field on the D2 transition between 52P3/2 - 52S1/2 levels through the 1DPC. The effect of the photonic bandgap (PBG) on the absorption and dispersion properties of the probe field is discussed. Moreover, the transmission and reflection coefficient of the 1DPC is controlled by applying the various value of the intensity of the coupling field. By comparing these results in the vacuum and near the PBG, we find that the absorption/dispersion and transmission/reflection properties are strongly affected by the PBG. We find that all-optical properties of atomic vapor in the surrounding of 1DPC are improved due to PBG. Furthermore, the effect of the intensity of the coupling field on the all-optical switching is studded. The proposed model may provide some new possibilities for technological applications as an all-optical device based on the photonic crystal in quantum information science, quantum computing, signal processing, and quantum communications.
Observation and interpretation of tornado modes coupled to near-axis Alfvén cascade eigenmodes in JET sawtoothing plasmas
Authors: Calado R. , Nabais F. , Sharapov S.E. , Bizarro João P.S. , JET Contributors  
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The coupling between upwards frequency sweeping modes and tornado modes observed in a set of JET sawtoothing discharges is investigated. The frequency sweeping modes are identified as near-axis Alfvén cascade (AC) eigenmodes. These ACs are associated with a very flat but monotonic q-profile near the magnetic axis, in contrast to the usual reversed-shear scenarios. The frequency evolution of the modes during gradual decrease of the q-profile is numerically reproduced and the transition from cascade modes to tornado modes is demonstrated. The transition occurs for specific values of q on-axis given by q
0 = (n − 1/2)/n and is marked by the characteristic tip of the tornado modes’ frequency evolution pattern observed in spectrograms. Based on this result a novel MHD spectroscopy technique is proposed to track the evolution of q
0 in the post sawtooth crash regime with high accuracy by using tornado mode tips as MHD markers, the only requirement being that the toroidal mode numbers are measured. Additionally, calculation of the resonant interaction between the modes and an ICRH-heated hydrogen minority population shows the ions transferring their energy to the modes, thus contributing to the mode drive.
Performance of a radial time projection chamber with electroluminescence in liquid xenon
Authors: Wei Y. , Qi J. , Shockley E. , Xu H. , Ni K. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The dual-phase xenon time projection chamber (TPC) is a leading detector technology in rare event searches for dark matter and neutrino physics. The success of this type of detector technology relies on its capability to detect both primary scintillation and ionization signals from particle interactions in liquid xenon (LXe). The ionization electrons are converted into electroluminescence in the gas xenon (GXe), where a single electron can be amplified by more than 100 times in number of photons in a strong electric field. Maintaining a strong and uniform electric field in the small gas gap in large diameter TPCs is challenging. One alternative solution is to produce the electroluminescence in the LXe directly to overcome the gas gap uniformity problem. Here we report on the design and performance of a single-phase Radial TPC (RTPC) which can create and detect the electroluminescence directly in LXe. It simplifies the design and operation of the LXe TPC by using a single wire in the axial center to create the strong electric field. We present the performance of such an RTPC and discuss its limitations for potential applications.
Advanced plastic scintillation detectors for low-background experiments
Authors: Hodák R. , Burešová H. , Fajt L. , Pjatkan R. , Štekl I. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Many international low-background experiments are showing increasing interest in the use of different plastic scintillation detectors. Based on our experience in the field of quality improvement of the polystyrene (PS) based plastic scintillation detectors, this work is focusing on a further enhancement of the scintillator light output and the associated energy resolution crucial for the detection of a very rare nuclear processes. To produce PS scintillators from liquid styrene various stabilization additives and conditions of polymerization process are commonly used. These factors, i.e. stabilization additives and atmospheric oxygen, have a negative impact on above mentioned optical properties of the scintillation detectors. Within this study, several samples under different conditions, e.g. concentrations of luminescent additives; presence of stabilization additives; air and inert atmosphere, were prepared and tested using a unique tunable electron spectrometer providing a monoenergetic electron beam ranging from 200 keV to 1.5 MeV.
Development of a 105 GHz fast ion collective Thomson scattering diagnostic on HL-2A tokamak
Authors: Deng W.C. , Shi Z.B. , Shi P.W. , Yang Z.C. , Chen W. , Huang M. , Zhang F. , Yu X. , Fang K.R. , Jiang M. , Wen J. , Tong R.H. , Zhong W.L. , Xu M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Collective Thomson Scattering (CTS) diagnostic technique has great potential in measuring velocity distribution of fast ions in magnetically confined fusion devices. Here we present design and development of a 105 GHz fast ion CTS system on HL-2A tokamak. The gyrotron with high power transmission/antenna is used to generate a probe beam. To better focus the scattering beam and effectively avoid the stray contamination, a W-band Cassegrain antenna is utilized to receive the scattering beam from the central chord. The scattering signal is estimated at 10–30 eV and the frequency broadening is less than 2 GHz for typical HL-2A plasmas. To pick out the weak signals, a multi-channel receiver system with working frequency of 103–107 GHz is developed. The steerable direction of probe beam enables that the scattering volume can move from core to edge, with which the spatial resolution range varies from 70 mm at low field side to 260 mm at high field side.
Neutron imaging based on transfer foil activation and COTS CMOS image sensors
Authors: Pérez M. , Abbate O.I. , Lipovetzky J. , Alcalde Bessia F. , Sánchez F.A. , Sofo Haro M. , Longhino J. , Gómez Berisso M. , Blostein J.J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this paper we present a method for obtention of neutron
images with Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) CMOS image sensors
through the activation of indium foils. This detection method has
been designed specifically for the acquisition of thermal and
epitermal neutron images in mixed beams with a high gamma flux, and
also for the study of high radioactive samples that are usually
placed into research reactor pools. We also present a technique to
obtain multi-spectral neutron images taking advantage of the high
neutron absorption cross-section of this material in the thermal
energy range, as well as around the 1.45 eV resonance. Measurements
performed in a neutron beam of the RA6 nuclear research reactor
located in Bariloche, Argentina, confirm the capability of the
proposed technique.
Bacterial biofilm infections, their resistance to antibiotics therapy and current treatment strategies
Authors: Singh Anirudh , Amod Ayush , Pandey Priyanshu , Bose Pranay , Pingali M Shivapriya , Shivalkar Saurabh , Varadwaj Pritish Kumar , Sahoo Amaresh Kumar , Samanta Sintu Kumar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Nearly 80% of human chronic infections are caused due to bacterial biofilm formation. This is the most leading cause for failure of medical implants resulting in high morbidity and mortality. In addition, biofilms are also known to cause serious problems in food industry. Biofilm impart enhanced antibiotic resistance and become recalcitrant to host immune responses leading to persistent and recurrent infections. It makes the clinical treatment for biofilm infections very difficult. Reduced penetration of antibiotic molecules through EPS, mutation of the target site, accumulation of antibiotic degrading enzymes, enhanced expression of efflux pump genes are the probable causes for antibiotics resistance. Accordingly, strategies like administration of topical antibiotics and combined therapy of antibiotics with antimicrobial peptides are considered for alternate options to overcome the antibiotics resistance. A number of other remediation strategies for both biofilm inhibition and dispersion of established biofilm have been developed. The metallic nanoparticles (NPs) and their oxides have recently gained a tremendous thrust as antibiofilm therapy for their unique features. This present comprehensive review gives the understanding of antibiotic resistance mechanisms of biofilm and provides an overview of various currently available biofilm remediation strategies, focusing primarily on the applications of metallic NPs and their oxides.