bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of large-scale grid-connected solar photovoltaic system for voltage stability improvement of weak national grids
Authors: Adetokun Bukola Babatunde , Ojo Joseph Olorunfemi , Muriithi Christopher Maina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the application of large-scale solar photovoltaic (SPV) system for voltage stability improvement of weak national grids. Large-scale SPV integration has been investigated on the Nigerian power system to enhance voltage stability and as a viable alternative to the aged shunt reactors currently being used in the Nigerian national grid to mitigate overvoltage issues in Northern Nigeria. Two scenarios of increasing SPV penetration level (PL) are investigated in this work, namely, centralized large-scale SPV at the critical bus and dispersed large-scale SPV across the weak buses. The voltage stability of the system is evaluated using the active power margin (APM) also called megawatt margin (MWM) derived from Active Power–Voltage (P–V) analysis, the reactive power margin (RPM) and the associated critical voltage–reactive power ratio (CVQR) index obtained from Reactive Power–Voltage (Q–V) analysis. All simulations are carried out in DIgSILENT PowerFactory software and result analyses done with MATLAB. The results show that with centralized SPV generation for the case study system, the highest bus voltage is able to fall within acceptable limits at 26.29% (1000 MW), while the dispersed SPV achieves this at 21.44% (800 MW). Also, the dispersed SPV scenario provides better voltage stability improvement for the system as indicated by the MWM, RPM and the CVQR index of the system. Therefore, this work provides a baseline insight on the potential application of large-scale SPV in weak grids such as the Nigerian case to address the voltage stability problems in the power system while utilizing the abundant solar resource to meet the increasing energy demand.
Mitochondrial function influences expression of methamphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization
Authors: Calma I. Daphne , Persons Amanda L. , Napier T. Celeste 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRepeated methamphetamine use leads to long lasting brain and behavioral changes in humans and laboratory rats. These changes have high energy requirements, implicating a role for mitochondria. We explored whether mitochondrial function underpins behaviors that occur in rats months after stopping methamphetamine self-administration. Accordingly, rats self-administered intravenous methamphetamine for 3 h/day for 14 days. The mitochondrial toxin rotenone was administered as (1 mg/kg/day for 6 days) via an osmotic minipump starting at 0, 14 or 28 days of abstinence abstinence. On abstinence day 61, expression of methamphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization was obtained with an acute methamphetamine challenge in rotenone-free rats. Rotenone impeded the expression of sensitization, with the most robust effects obtained with later abstinence exposure. These findings verified that self-titration of moderate methamphetamine doses results in behavioral (and thus brain) changes that can be revealed months after exposure termination, and that the meth-initiated processes progressed during abstinence so that longer abstinence periods were more susceptible to the consequences of exposure to a mitochondrial toxin.
Power allocation with QoS satisfaction in mmWave beamspace MIMO‐NOMA
Authors: Shili Maroua , Hajjaj Moufida , Ammari Mohamed Lassaad 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme is considered for downlink millimeter‐wave (mmWave) transmissions over beamspace massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) channels. To improve the NOMA detection and reduce its complexity, it is assumed that users are grouped in clusters. The major benefit of the NOMA depends on the power allocation (PA) among users. In this context, to ensure the quality of service (QoS) of users, a threshold rate for each user is defined. The aim of this work is to propose a new PA strategy that takes into account the pre‐defined threshold rates and maximizes the achievable sum rate. Thereafter, considering the Karush‐Kuhn‐Tucker (KKT) conditions, a closed‐form solution for the PA issue under perfect and imperfect channel state information (CSI) assumptions is derived. Through simulation results, it is shown that the proposed scheme outperforms the conventional orthogonal multiple access techniques in terms of spectral efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE). In addition, the proposed robust PA scheme for the imperfect CSI case reduces the performance loss due to the channel uncertainty.
Selective part‐based correlation filter tracking algorithm with reinforcement learning
Authors: Lu Zhengzhi , Yang Guoan , Liu Deyang , Yang Junjie , Yang Yong , Zhou Chuanbo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn visual object tracking methods, improving both the run time and the accuracy in the face of complex situations has always been an important issue. Many complex tracking algorithms, such as part‐based algorithms, have better accuracy when facing occlusions, but they have much greater computational complexity. In response to the above problems, this paper proposes a selective part‐based correlation filter (SPCF) tracking algorithm with a reinforcement learning to achieve more stable and efficient tracking of targets. First, according to the conditions of the response map of the correlation filter (CF), the entire tracking process is divided into three states: simple environments, complex environments, and harsh environments. Second, this paper uses reinforcement learning to determine the states of frames in different situations to improve the tracking effect of the algorithm. Third, the process of the online selection of states is transformed into a Markov decision process (MDP), where the policy learning of the MDP is achieved by reinforcement learning. Additionally, different strategies are used to track a target in different states: the overall filter is used to increase the speed in simple environments; part‐based filters are used to improve the accuracy in complex environments; and in harsh environments where the target completely disappears, a redetection algorithm is used to find the target when it reappears. Finally, the performance of the tracking algorithm is verified on the VOT2018, OTB‐2015, and LaSOT datasets.
ArH+ and H2O+ absorption towards luminous galaxies
Authors: Jacob Arshia M. , Menten Karl M. , Wyrowski Friedrich , Winkel Benjamin , Neufeld David A. , Koribalski Bärbel S. 
Published: December 2021

Context. Along several sight lines within the Milky Way ArH+ has been ubiquitously detected with only one detection in extragalactic environments, namely along two sight lines in the redshift z = 0.89 absorber towards the lensed blazar PKS 1830-211. Being formed in predominantly atomic gas by reactions between Ar+, which were initially ionised by cosmic rays and molecular hydrogen, ArH+ has been shown to be an excellent tracer of atomic gas as well as the impinging cosmic-ray ionisation rates.
Aims. In this work, we attempt to extend the observations of ArH+ in extragalactic sources to examine its use as a tracer of the atomic interstellar medium (ISM) in these galaxies.
Methods. We report the detection of ArH+ towards two luminous nearby galaxies, NGC 253 and NGC 4945, and the non-detection towards Arp 220 observed using the SEPIA660 receiver on the APEX 12 m telescope. In addition, the two sidebands of this receiver allowed us to observe the NKaKc = 11,0 − 10,1 transitions of another atomic gas tracer p-H2O+ at 607.227 GHz with the ArH+ line, simultaneously. We modelled the optically thin spectra of both species and compared their observed line profiles with that of other well-known atomic gas tracers such as OH+ and o-H2O+ and diffuse and dense molecular gas tracers HF and CO, respectively.
Results. Assuming that the observed absorption from the ArH+, OH+, and H2O+ molecules are affected by the same flux of cosmic rays, we investigate the properties of the different cloud layers. Based on a steady-state analysis of the chemistry of these three species and using statistical equilibrium calculations, we estimate the molecular fraction traced by ArH+ to be ∼​10−3 and find that ArH+ resides in gas volumes with low electron densities. We further study the ortho-to-para ratio of H2O+ and find that the derived ratios do not significantly deviate from the equilibrium value of three with spin temperatures greater than 15 and 24 K.
Prevalence of Molecular Subtypes of Breast Carcinoma and Its Comparison between Two Different Age Groups: A Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Care Center of Northeast India
Authors: Sharma Jagannath Dev , Khanna Sachin , Ramchandani Shubhra , Kakoti Lopa Mudra , Baruah Argha , Mamidala Vinay 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective The aim of the study is to see the prevalence of different molecular subtypes in breast cancer patients among two different age groups: ≤40 years and >40 years.
Materials and Methods Retrospective study was conducted from January 2019 to December 2019. We studied 568 cases of breast carcinoma and classified them into four molecular subtypes—luminal A, luminal B, human epidermal growth factor-2 (HER 2), and triple negative. Cases were divided into two different groups: (1) ≤40 years and (2) >40 years.
Statistical Analysis was done by using SPSS software version 20.0.
Results Out of 568 cases, 151 (26.6%) were ≤40 years of age and 417 (73.4%) were >40 years of age. The most common histological subtype of breast cancer was ductal carcinoma in 548 cases and the most common grade was grade III. Immunohistochemistry was done in 432 patients. In younger age group, the most common molecular subtype was luminal B (31%) followed by triple negative (20%), luminal A (14%), and then HER 2 (5.3%), while in the older age group most common molecular subtype was luminal B (27.8%) followed by triple negative (14%), HER 2 (12.2%), and then luminal A (12%).
Conclusion Luminal B is found to be the most common subtype in Northeast Indian women with breast cancer, as compared with other studies in which luminal A was the most common subtype. This could be due to the reason that Ki-67 was not done in most of the other studies.
Functional Preserving Sublobectomy: A Novel Method for Sublobectomy
Authors: Zhang Min , Chen Liang , Wu Qingchen , Ge Mingjian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe introduce a new method for sublobectomy. It utilizes the easiness and rapidity of wedge resection, and the accuracy and functional preserving of anatomical segmentectomy. It can preserve lung function with less sacrifice of lung parenchyma.
Advantages of Screening for Glucose Tolerance in the Sequential Weeks of Gestation
Authors: Seshiah Veeraswamy , Balaji Vijayam , Chandrasekar Anjalakshi , Das Ashok Kumar , Banerjee Samar , Paneerselvam A. , Jain Rajesh , Bhavatharani N. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrelife exposure relates to development during the time preceding the first appearance of life, a time course from “conception to confinement.” From single cell zygote to finally formed fetus at confinement, a remarkable change occurs due to maternal fuels and hormonal influence on the fetal development. The crucial period in the fetal development is the first trimester. Early exposure to aberrant maternal metabolism in the embryonic developmental stage would result in congenital malformation and fetal wastage. Maintaining maternal glucose at the recommended level of fasting 80 to 90 mg and 2 hours postprandial plasma glucose 110 to 120 mg/dL during preconceptional period and throughout pregnancy is the assurance for the healthy offspring with ideal birth weight of 2.5 to 3.5 kg and prevention of noncommunicable diseases in the future.
Evidence-Based Homoeopathic Treatment of Acute Herpes Zoster (Shingles): A Case Report
Authors: Gupta Yogeshwari , Pandey Khushbu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHerpes zoster (HZ), also known as shingles, occurs due to reactivation of varicella zoster. It is manifested by unilateral, painful, vesicular rashes following a dermatome. Homoeopathy is well known for its tremendous results in chronic cases. This article presents the evidence-based significant result of single homoeopathic remedy in an acute case of HZ within a short time period without any post-herpetic neuralgia which usually follows the HZ for months. Three to four doses of Hypericum 30 CH provided significant relief within a day and complete recovery within 10 days. Modified Naranjo score is 9, indicating definite causal attribution. This case proves that by selecting appropriate similimum, promising and positive results are achieved by homoeopathy, be it acute or chronic cases in a safe and gentle way. No such existing homoeopathic literature provides any characteristic information particularly related to HZ in Hypericum. So, future research and clinical trials could be beneficial for better validation of Hypericum as a therapeutic for HZ.
Optimal Hair Transplant Recipient Site Slit Design: Minimizing Vascular Damage
Authors: Atodaria Pradipkumar R. , Venkataram Aniketh , Mysore Venkataram , Atodaria Kuldeepsinh P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAn often overlooked aspect of hair transplantation is the art of recipient site design and slit creation. There is also a lack of consensus on which technique provides the optimum coverage while minimizing vascular damage. This paper aims to provide logical arguments to determine the optimal instrument and method of slit creation, in order to ensure maximum density, optimal survival, minimal pop-out, and minimal damage to scalp vascularity.The use of semiconical blades reduces the damage to the dermis and vascular plexus as compared with rectangular blades and needles, as the depth of penetration required is lower. The use of acute angle reduces the depth of penetration for the same length of slit and decreases damage to deep plexus. Coronal slits produce less vascular damage than that of sagittal slits with the same size blades.We believe that these recommendations provide the optimum volume slits while causing minimal vascular damage.
Human Versus Machine: How Do We Know Who Is Winning? ROC Analysis for Comparing Human and Machine Performance under Varying Cost-Prevalence Assumptions
Authors: Merry Michael , Riddle Patricia Jean , Warren Jim 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis is commonly used for comparing models and humans; however, the exact analytical techniques vary and some are flawed.
Objectives The aim of the study is to identify common flaws in ROC analysis for human versus model performance, and address them.
Methods We review current use and identify common errors. We also review the ROC analysis literature for more appropriate techniques.
Results We identify concerns in three techniques: (1) using mean human sensitivity and specificity; (2) assuming humans can be approximated by ROCs; and (3) matching sensitivity and specificity. We identify a technique from Provost et al using dominance tables and cost-prevalence gradients that can be adapted to address these concerns.
Conclusion Dominance tables and cost-prevalence gradients provide far greater detail when comparing performances of models and humans, and address common failings in other approaches. This should be the standard method for such analyses moving forward.
Hair Transplant with Strip Harvest: Indications, Contraindications, and Technique
Authors: Khanna Manoj 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe evolutionary process of modern hair transplantation began with the plug era and, transitioning through a period of minigrafting and micrografting, finally led to follicular unit transplantation (FUT). Apart from the expansion of donor:recipient ratio, this technique produces an excellent esthetic result, indistinguishable from the natural hair. The merit of strip harvest lies in the maximum amount of follicular unit harvest, minimizing the amount of hair follicle transection, and producing a single scar, irrespective of number of sessions. This article summarizes the prerequisites, indications, contraindications, and technique of strip harvest.
Practical Consensus Recommendations for Optimizing Risk versus Benefit of Chemotherapy in Patients with HR Positive Her2 Negative Early Breast Cancer in India
Authors: Parikh Purvish M. , Bhattacharyya Gouri Shankar , Biswas Ghanshyam , Krishnamurty Arvind , Doval Dinesh , Heroor Anil , Sharma Sanjay , Deshpande Ramakant , Chaturvedi Harit , Somashekhar S. P. , Babu Govind , Reddy G. Krishna , Sarkar Diptendra , Desai Chirag , Malhotra Hemant , Rohagi Nitesh , Bapna Ajay , Alurkar S. S. , Krishna Prasad , Deo S. V.S. , Shrivastava Anurag , Chitalkar Prakash , Majumdar Saroj Kumar , Vijay Devanhalli , Thoke Aniket , Udupa K. S. , Bajpai Jyoti , Rath G. K. , Dattatreya Palanki Satya , Bondarde Shailesh , Patil Shekhar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBreast cancer is a public health challenge globally as well as in India. Improving outcome and cure requires appropriate biomarker testing to assign risk and plan treatment. Because it is documented that significant ethnic and geographical variations in biological and genetic features exist worldwide, such biomarkers need to be validated and approved by authorities in the region where these are intended to be used. The use of western guidelines, appropriate for the Caucasian population, can lead to inappropriate overtreatment or undertreatment in Asia and India. A virtual meeting of domain experts discussed the published literature, real-world practical experience, and results of opinion poll involving 185 oncologists treating breast cancer across 58 cities of India. They arrived at a practical consensus recommendation statement to guide community oncologists in the management of hormone positive (HR-positive) Her2-negative early breast cancer (EBC). India has a majority (about 50%) of breast cancer patients who are diagnosed in the premenopausal stage (less than 50 years of age). The only currently available predictive test for HR-positive Her2-negative EBC that has been validated in Indian patients is CanAssist Breast. If this test gives a score indicative of low risk (< 15.5), adjuvant chemotherapy will not increase the chance of metastasis-free survival and should not be given. This is applicable even during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Exploring electrospun nanofibers for physically unclonable functions: a scalable and robust method toward unique identifiers
Authors: Bai Jing , Tian Ye , Wang Yinjing , Fu Jiangyu , Cheng Yanyan , Qiang Shunfei , Yu Daoming , Zhang Wenkai , Yuan Ke , Chai Xiuli 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Optical physically unclonable functions (PUFs) have great potential in the security identification of the internet of things. In this work, electrospun nanofibers are proposed as a candidate for a nanoscale, robust, stable and scalable PUF. The dark-field reflectance images of the polymer fibers are quantitatively analyzed by the Hough transform. We find that the fiber length and orientation distribution reach an optimal point as the fiber density (number of fibers detected by Hough ttansform) grows up over 850 in 400 × 400 pixels for a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanofiber-based PUF device. Subsequently, we test the robustness and randomness of the PUF pattern by using the fiber amount as an encoding feature, generating a reconstruction success rate of over 80% and simultaneously an entropy of 260 bits within a mean size of 4 cm2. A scale-invariant algorithm is adopted to identify the uniqueness of each pattern on a 256-sensor device. Furthermore, the thermo-, moisture and photostability of the authentication process are systematically investigated by comparing the polyacrylonitrile to the PVP system.
Dual-band all-dielectric chiral photonic crystal
Authors: Du Lianlian , Liu Yahong , Zhou Xin , Tao Liyun , Li Meize , Ren Huiling , Ji Ruonan , Song Kun , Zhao Xiaopeng , Navarro-Cía Miguel 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We present an all-dielectric chiral photonic crystal that guides the propagation of electromagnetic waves without backscattering for dual bands. The chiral photonic crystal unit cell is composed of four dielectric cylinders with increasing inner diameter clockwise or anticlockwise, which leads to chirality. It is demonstrated that the proposed chiral photonic crystal can generate dual band gaps in the gigahertz frequency range and has two types of edge states, which is similar to topologically protected edge states. Hence, the interface formed by the proposed 2D chiral photonic crystal can guide the propagation of electromagnetic waves without backscattering, and this complete propagation is immune to defects (position disorder or frequency disorder). To illustrate the applicability of the findings in communication systems, we report a duplexer and a power divider based on the presented all-dielectric chiral photonic crystal.
Piezoelectricity in two-dimensional aluminum, boron and Janus aluminum-boron monochalcogenide monolayers
Authors: Choopani Saeed , Alyörük Mustafa Menderes 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Piezoelectricity is a property of a material that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy or vice versa. It is known that group-III monochalcogenides, including GaS, GaSe, and InSe, show piezoelectricity in their monolayer form. Piezoelectric coefficients of these monolayers are the same order of magnitude as the previously discovered two-dimensional (2D) piezoelectric materials such as boron nitride and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) monolayers. Considering a series of monolayer monochalcogenide structures including boron and aluminum (MX, M = B, Al, X = O, S, Se, Te), we design a series of derivative Janus structures (AlBX2, X = O, S, Se, Te). Ab-initio density functional theory and density functional perturbation theory calculations are carried out systematically to predict their structural, electronic, electromechanical and phonon dispersion properties. The electronic band structure analysis indicate that all these 2D materials are semiconductors. The absence of imaginary phonon frequencies in phonon dispersion curves demonstrate that the systems are dynamically stable. In addition, this study shows that these materials exhibit outstanding piezoelectric properties. For AlBO2 monolayer with the relaxed-ion piezoelectric coefficients, d
11 = 15.89(15.87) pm V−1 and d
31 = 0.52(0.44) pm V−1, the strongest piezoelectric properties were obtained. It has large in-plane and out-of-plane piezoelectric coefficients that are comparable to or larger than those of previously reported non-Janus monolayer structures such as MoS2 and GaSe, and also Janus monolayer structures including: In2SSe, Te2Se, MoSeTe, InSeO, SbTeI, and ZrSTe. These results, together with the fact that a lot of similar 2D systems have been synthesized so far, demonstrate the great potential of these materials in nanoscale electromechanical applications.