bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indicators of caesium 137 concentration in forest litter and health status of pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) in the Chernobyl zone
Authors: Osipova Valentina , Benin Dmitrii , Semenycheva Irina , Volkova Irina 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We analyse the concentration of caesium-137 (137Cs) in forest litter in relation to forest site conditions. The research was carried out in 2004–2019 in the Krasnogorsk district of the Bryansk region (the Russian Federation). It covered three areas corresponding to the exclusion zone, compulsory resettlement zone, and the zone of residence of the population with the right to resettlement. In all these areas, the concentration of 137Cs in forest litter and the condition of pine stands was studied. We revealed that the forest litter contains more than 90% of 137Cs in all combustible materials. The content of 137Cs in fallen branches, bark, cones, and needles varies from 10 to 15%. More than 50% of the specific activity, which is an indicator of 137Cs content, accounts for needles of pine phytocenoses. In 2019, the best state of pines was recorded for older trees. At the age of 60–80 years, 13% of the studied forest stands were classified as weakened, 87% – as very weakened, and 0% as dying. In the 40–56 age group, dying out and very weakened stands accounted for 50% each, whereas weakened ones were not revealed at all. The interaction between 137Cs and tree age was not identified.
Population genetic diversity in Quercus robur and Ulmus laevis in Southern Urals (Russia): a comparatively study of adults and progeny in localities with contrast forest cover
Authors: Ianbaev Ruslan , Boronnikova Svetlana , Yanbaev Yulai , Gainanov Salavat , Kulagin Aleksey 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Extensive forest areas decreased and fragmented during anthropogenic development of the zone of broad-leaved forest tree species in Russia. The pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) and the European white elm (Ulmus laevis Pall.), important key components of these ecosystems, suffered last few centuries of extreme climate events, attacks of insects and diseases. Using ISSR genetic markers, we compared expected heterozygosity and allelic diversity of these two species in natural and artificial stands, planted and naturally regenerated progeny. Weak differences in the genetic diversity in Q. robur and U. laevis were revealed in areas with different forest cover and participation of the species in a stand composition. Overall, we found that the genetic diversity of parent natural and artificial stands is well reproducing in natural offspring and planted saplings. But the tree species studied express both higher and lower heterozygosity in planted trees in comparison to natural stands.
Natural aldose reductase inhibitors for treatment and prevention of diabetic cataract: A review
Authors: Daoudi Nour Elhouda , Bouziane Omar , Bouhrim Mohamed , Bnouham Mohamed 
Published: May 2022

Summary

Introduction: Aldose reductase (AR) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of glucose to sorbitol responsible for the development of diabetic complications like cataracts. Medicinal plants contain several phytocompounds that can inhibit this enzyme.

Objective: The purpose of this review is to cite medicinal plants that have been tested for their ability to inhibit aldose reductase and consequently prevent cataracts and classify the major isolated compounds that have this activity.

Methods: We reviewed 154 articles published between 1954 and 2020 in English via three databases: ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and PubMed. We have classified the plants that showed a significant anti-cataract effect, in the form of a list including the scientific and family names of each plant. Also, we have cited the IC50 values and the active constituents of each plant that showed inhibitory activity towards AR.

Results: We have described 38 herbs belonging to 29 families. Besides, 47 isolated compounds obtained from the cited herbs have shown an AR inhibitory effect: luteolin, luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, apigenin, 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl-epi-quinic acid, delphinidin 3-O-β-galactopyranoside-3’-O-β-glucopyranoside, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester, andrographolide, 1,2,3,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, 1,2,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, 7-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3-methyl-8-β-O-D-glucoside-2H-chromen-2-one, E-4-(60-hydroxyhex-30-en-1-yl)phenyl propionate, delphinidin 3-O-β-galactopyranoside-3’,5’-di-O-β-glucopyranoside, 1,2,3-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, 1,2,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethanol, (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methanol, trans-anethole, gallic acid 4-O-β-D-(6’-O-galloyl)-glucoside, β-glucogallin, puerariafuran, quercetin, gallic acid 4-O-β-D-glucoside, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-butanone, protocatechuic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, gallic acid, p-coumaric acid and syringic acid.

Conclusion: natural therapy becomes an interesting alternative in the treatment and prevention of cataract by using medicinal plants rich in active compounds considered as AR inhibitors.
A Systems Approach to the Development of Educational Standards for Fostering Personal Values
Authors: Shulhina Liudmyla , Dąbrowska Anna 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This article proposes to consider the education system as a factor in the formation of people’s personal values. We examine students’ perceptions of the degree to which existing educational standards are oriented towards the formation and development of personal values, as well as formulate proposals for the implementation of a systems approach to the development of educational standards as a factor in improving the existing complex of personal values. The methodology applied included: desk analysis by comparison, deduction, and induction; a questionnaire study; variance, discriminant, factor and morphological analysis. Respondents were segmented according to the criteria “presence of groups of values” — “conjugation of groups of values with variables.” University students, i.e., the part of society that is considered the most active and progressive, were found to have a low level of moral and ethical values. After considering the place of education in the macro-environment of the country was substantiated, we propose a number of measures to address the problem of raising the level of values among all participants in the educational process, in order to reduce the gap between the pace of technical advancement and humanitarian development of society.
Testing Polish Secondary-School Students’ Written Social Communication Competence Based on a Timed Composition Task
Authors: Gołata Krzysztof 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study experimentally evaluated Polish school students’ competence at written communication, understood as one of the forms of social communication. The task, performed online, was designed to see if the students were able to select the most important information from a given base text and to compose new texts on this basis to comply with three different length requirements, and how they behaved under the pressure of the time allocated to complete the sub-tasks. Results from an overall pool of 500 secondary school students from a diverse sample of schools (in the city of Poznań and the surrounding Wielkopolska province) that differed in terms of type and ranking suggest an overall poor competence at various composite skills involved in written social communication: information selection, summarization, logical structuring, and cohesive embellishment. Participants clearly exhibited various problems with concisely formulating thoughts, properly complying with instructions, etc. Composing a short, written message (based on a provided base text) and/or freely embellishing and reformulating information clearly caused them considerable difficulty. The article closes with some suggestions for how the methods used could potentially be improved in future studies of this type.
Contemporary ceremonial media events – time and temporalities of liveness
Authors: Jerslev Anne 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This article discusses media events and liveness as ways live is performed in and by the media. Understanding the workings of contemporary media events entails understanding how they are embedded in complex patterns of temporalities; hence, the article deploys the notion of temporality of liveness to contemplate different ways in which time is entangled and made salient as particular forms of temporality in the unfolding of media events. Analysing the Danish queen's 2020 New Year's speech, the Danish prime minister's Covid-19 speech of 11 March 2020, and the broadcasting of the inauguration of Joe Biden on 20 January 2021, the article shows that liveness can be approached analytically. The analysis unfolds the diversity and changeability of temporalities of liveness, and argues that contemporary ceremonial events may be local or global, small or large, but still reach a substantial portion of a population. Thus, a point in the article is to call attention to the enduring importance of broadcast media and television for the creation of media events that gather and “enthrall” large audiences, to quote Daniel Dayan and Elihu Katz, even in a time of global digital network communication.
The Aristotelian Conception of Natural Law and Its Reception in Early Protestant Commentaries on the Nicomachean Ethics
Authors: Svensson Manfred 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The Protestant reception both of Aristotle and of the concept of natural law have been the object of renewed attention. The present article aims at a cross-fertilization of these two recoveries: did a specifically Aristotelian approach to natural law (among other important sources) play a significant role in classical Protestant thought? The article answers this question by means of a review of the Protestant commentaries on Aristotle’s natural law-passage in Nicomachean Ethics V, 7. Reformation and post-Reformation scholars sometimes offered original readings of this text, but above all they cultivated the various approaches to the passage that had been developed during the medieval period.
John Calvin on the Intersection of Natural, Roman, and Mosaic Law
Authors: Sytsma David S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Although there are many studies on John Calvin’s teaching on natural law, the relation between natural law and Roman law has received relatively less attention. This essay examines the relation between natural law and Roman law in Calvin’s exegetical writing on the Mosaic law. I argue that Calvin regarded Roman law as an exemplary, albeit imperfect, witness to the natural law, and he used Roman law to aid in his interpretation of the Mosaic law. Since he assumed that Roman law embodies principles of natural law, Calvin drew on Roman law as an aid in order to distinguish natural from positive law within the Mosaic law. He also broadened the scope of commandments in the second table of the Decalogue by comparison with natural and Roman law. Yet although Calvin drew many continuities between Mosaic and Roman laws, he remained critical of the Roman system due to various failings in comparison with Scripture and principles of natural law.
Pagans and Theologians: An Examination of the Use of Christian Sources in Niels Hemmingsen’s De Lege Naturae
Authors: Hutchinson Eric J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
At the conclusion of his De lege naturae apodictica methodus, a treatise on the law of nature, how it is grasped by the human mind, and how it coheres with the Decalogue, Niels Hemmingsen claims to have eschewed the use of theological sources in his argument, claiming instead to have demonstrated ‘how far reason is able to progress without the prophetic and apostolic word’. Yet the reader of the treatise will notice several citations of theologians alongside those of pagan poets and philosophers. This essay demonstrates that there is less here than meets the eye, that is, that Hemmingsen quotes theologians only to buttress what one can know from natural reason or the classical tradition, even when he is discussing God, and thus he does not violate his own stated principle.
Snapshot of resistance and virulence features in ESCAPE strains frequently isolated from surgical wound infections in a Romanian hospital
Authors: Rayyif Sajjad Mohsin I , Alwan Wathek N. , Mohammed Hamzah B. , Barbu Ilda Czobor , Holban Alina M. , Gheorghe Irina , Banu Otilia , Shalal Omar S. , Chifiriuc Mariana C. , Mihaescu Grigore 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the phenotypic features (adherence, biofilm formation, virulence, antibiotic susceptibility) and the genetic background of antibiotic resistance in nosocomial ESCAPE strains consecutively isolated from surgical wound infections in hospitalized patients.

Methods: 86 bacterial strains consecutively isolated from various wound infections were analysed by their antibiotic resistance (antibiotic susceptibility testing and PCR for certain antibiotic resistance genes), virulence, biofilm formation and cellular adherence.

Results: The bacterial isolates were identified as: Enterobacterales (n = 39) including Escherichia coli (n = 9), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 14) Proteus mirabilis (n = 7), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (n = 26) and Enterococcus faecalis (n = 20). Compared to other isolates, S. aureus strains exhibited the highest capacity to produce soluble virulence factors and to develop biofilms in vitro, with significant differences between methicillin resistant and methicillin susceptible isolates. Among enterobacterial isolates, K. pneumoniae strains expressed the highest capacity to develop biofilms. The assessment of bacterial adherence to HeLa cells revealed that all bacterial strains adhered to the cellular substrata, showing various adherence patterns. E. faecalis strains exhibited a low soluble virulence factors profile, a lower capacity to adhere to epithelial cells and to develop biofilms.

Conclusions: The present study could contribute to the understanding of the pathology of infected wounds, depending on the etio-logical agents, providing data with positive impact on the therapeutic management of surgical wounds infections.
Crinum latifolium extract inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in human macrophages
Authors: Köktürk Sibel , Cetinkol Yeliz , Cirrik Selma 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction: Crinum latifolium is a natural plant showing the anti-inflammatory effects. We aimed to evaluate the effects of Crinum latifolium extract on proinflammatory cytokine production and maturation of early and late endosomes in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human macrophages at light microscopic and biochemical levels.

Material and Methods: The effects of Crinum latifolium extract in human macrophages stimulated with LPS was evaluated to optic densities of the lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP-1) and early endo-some antigen 1 (EEA1) by immunohistochemistry staining and to level of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results: Crinum latifolium group exhibited a significant decreased in the levels of IL-6 in the supernatant as compared to the LPS group for 2 and 72 hours (p<0.0001). Crinum latifolium group exhibited a significant increased in the optic density of the EEA1 and LAMP-1 in coverslips as compared to the control and lipopolysaccharide groups after 2 and 72 hours (p<0.0001).

Conclusions: Crinum latifolium may a therapeutic plant in the inflammatory diseases, such as sepsis, through anti-inflammatory effects, such as decrease in production of the proinflammatory cytokine and increase in maturations of the early and late endosomes in macrophages.
Effect of Moisture of Pharmaceutical Material MCC Avicel PH102 and Tablet Diameter on the Compression Process and Tablet Strength
Authors: Guštafík Adam , Jezsó Kristian , Vaľková Karolína , Macho Oliver , Peciar Peter 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper focuses on the effect of moisture of powder material on the process of tablet compression and on tablet mechanical strength. The powder used in the experiments was Avicel PH102 microcrystalline cellulose, as it is the most widely used excipient in direct tablet compression. The compression process is described using the Heckel equation and the strength of the tablets was determined using a Brazilian test. To introduce the reader to the issue, the first part of the paper is devoted to a theoretical introduction. The second part of the work is devoted to the description of experimental equipment and work procedure. The last part of the paper presents the results of the experiment and their evaluation. The reason for this experiment was the assumption that the moisture of the raw material significantly affects the compression process and the mechanical strength of the tablet. A series of experiments demonstrated this effect, which can be seen in the respective graphs.
Effusions Witty and Romantic
Authors: McMaster Juliet 
Published: May 2022

It is only by undertaking comparative work that one can begin to study juvenilia as a genre. Hence my project here of linking two young writers of the same period, Jane Austen and Anna Maria Porter.
These two girl authors were roughly the same age when they were writing: in their teens. Jane was born in 1775, Maria (as she was known in the Porter family) in 1780. (I call them “Jane” and “Maria” as girls, and reserve the last names for reference to their mature works.) Jane Austen’s life, 1775 to 1817, is already well known. Anna Maria Porter’s’ dates are 1780 to 1832. Her older sister Jane Porter, author of The Scottish Chiefs among other things, is perhaps better known. But Anna Maria Porter published a number of historical romances, not unlike some of Scott’s – and Scott was a neighbour and friend of the Porter family. They include, for instance, The Lake of Killarney (1804), The Knight of St. John (1817), and Octavia (1833). They were popular at home and abroad, and were often reprinted.
Gujarat and 1857 (With reference to Dahod
Authors: Bhabhor Rajeshkumar 
Published: May 2022

British rule was established in Gujarat in 1818. After that, one territory after another gradually came under British rule. By 1861, the whole of Gujarat came under the monopoly of British power. Throughout the process of administrative transfer, the British regime faced many obstacles, big and small. In which the British rule had to face the most obstacles from the tribes. There were economic, religious and social reasons behind it. After the establishment of British rule, the tribes of Gujarat came up with new administrative and political structures. The tribes became more and more entangled in the levels of power skillfully devised by the British. The atrocities and Johukami in the name of maintaining forest rights, new revenue system, law and order situation proved to be awkward for the freedom loving tribal people. By 1861, the British had a strong hold on the tribal areas. A series of tribal revolts against British policies. The earliest evidence of this was provided by the Nayaka tribes of Panchmahal. (1) In the present article, there is an attempt to discuss the contribution of Dahod district in the freedom struggle.
Abstract in Gujarati Language:
ઈ.સ. 1818માં બ્રિટીશ સત્તાની સ્થાપના ગુજરાતમાં થઈ. તે પછી ધીરે ધીરે એક પછી એક પ્રદેશો બ્રિટીશ હસ્તક આવતા ગયા. ઈ.સ.1861 સુધી સમગ્ર ગુજરાત બ્રિટીશ સત્તાના એકાધિકારમાં આવ્યું. વહીવટી હસ્તાંતરણની સમગ્ર પ્રક્રિયામાં બ્રિટીશ શાસને નાના-મોટા અનેક વિરોધોનો સામનો કરવો પડ્યો હતો. જેમાં આદિવાસીઓ તરફથી બ્રિટીશ શાસને સૌથી વધુ અવરોધોનો સમાનો કરવો પડ્યો હતો. તેની પાછળ આદિવાસીઓના આર્થિક, ધાર્મિક અને સામાજિક કારણો રહેલા હતા. બ્રિટીશ સત્તાની સ્થાપના પછી ગુજરાતના આદિવાસીઓ નવી વહીવટી તથા રાજકીય વ્યવસ્થાના માળખા આવ્યા. બ્રિટીશરોએ કુશળતાથી તૈયાર કરેલા સત્તાના સ્તરોમાં આદિવાસીઓ વધુને વધુ જકડાતા ગયા. જંગલના હક્કો, નવી મહેસુલ વ્યવસ્થા, કાયદો અને વ્યવસ્થાની સ્થિતિ જાળવવાના નામે થતા અત્યાચારો અને જોહુકમીથી સ્વાતંત્ર્યપ્રિય આદિવાસી પ્રજા માટે અકળાવનારું સાબિત થયું. ઈ.સ. 1861 સુધી બ્રિટીશ સત્તાએ, આદિવાસી વિસ્તારો ઉપર પણ મજબૂત કબજો જમાવ્યો. બ્રિટીશ નીતિરીતિઓ સામે આદિવાસી વિદ્રોહોની શૃંખલા સર્જાઈ. તેનો સૌ પ્રથમ પૂરાવો પંચમહાલના નાયકા આદિવાસીઓએ પૂરો પાડ્યો હતો. (1) પ્રસ્તુત લેખમાં સ્વાતંત્ર્ય સંગ્રામમાં દાહોદ જિલ્લાના યોગદાન વિશે ચર્ચા કરવાનો અત્રે ઉપક્રમ છે.
Keywords: બ્રિટિશ શાસન, ગુજરાત, એકાધિકાર, વહીવટી ટ્રાન્સફર, ધાર્મિક, આર્થિક
Contemporary perception of Narendra Kohli in the context of Ram Katha and Krishna Katha: General Analysis
Authors: Singh Jitendra 
Published: May 2022

The existence of the creator is attracted, repelled or influenced in many dimensions by the triangles of character, time and country and as a result the 'self-conscious' sensibility of the creator has to face the shocks or pressures of ambushes and is filled with reactions of the individual. . He tries to recognize his time, place or country or the characters due to which his senses are shaken in the true sense, so he suffers internal and external suffocation on many levels. It is expected from the contemporary work that it should not deny the demands of Yugbodh, but should ruthlessly analyze inhuman situations, persons, demonic forces and play its active role in destroying the Ravana Empire. Thus, contemporaneity is not merely the realization of the fall or participation in the fall, but the contemporaneity in the rise and active struggle against vested interests.

Abstract in Hindi Language:
रचनाकार का अस्तित्व पात्र, काल और देश के त्रिकोणों से कई आयामों में आकर्षित, विकर्षित अथवा प्रभावित होता है और इसके परिणामस्वरूप रचनाकार की ‘स्वचेतन’ संवेदनशीलता को घात-प्रतिघातों के झटकों या दबावों का सामना करना पड़ता है और व्यक्तिमन प्रतिक्रिया से भर उठता है। वह अपने काल, स्थान अथवा देश को या कि जिन पात्रों के कारण उसकी संवेदना झकझोरी जाती है उन्हें सही अर्थों में पहचानने की चेष्टा करता है अतः कई स्तरों पर आंतरिक और बाह्य घुटन को वह झेलता है। समकालीन रचना से यह अपेक्षा की जाती है कि वह युगबोध के तकाजे को नकारे नहीं, अपितु अमानवीय स्थितियों, व्यक्तियों, दानवी शक्तियों का निर्मम विश्लेषण करे और रावणी साम्राज्य को ध्वस्त करने में अपनी सक्रिय भूमिका निर्वाहित करे। इस प्रकार समकालीनता मात्र पतन का साक्षात्कार या पतन में भागीदारी नहीं है, बल्कि निहित स्वार्थों के विरूद्ध उठ खड़े होने और सक्रिय संघर्ष में समकालीनता है।
Keywords: रामकथा, कृष्णकथा, समकालीनता, युगबोध।