bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integral‐based averaging with spatial symmetries for non‐local damage modelling
Authors: Shutov Alexey V. , Klyuchantsev Vladislav S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSimulations utilizing local constitutive equations for strain‐softening materials are known to be pathologically mesh‐dependent. The rational solution to this problem is to use nonlocal material models. In this paper, we discuss the application of the integral‐based approach to the simulation of non‐local damage accumulation and fracture. Various combinations of non‐localities with common spatial symmetries are analysed analytically and numerically. The symmetries include the plane strain and the axisymmetric cases, as well as the presence of symmetry planes and cyclic symmetries. Although not a symmetry, the practically important case of thin plates is also analysed. We show that the delocalization procedure should be executed using symmetry‐adapted averaging kernels. For the considered spatial symmetries, analytical closed‐form expressions are obtained. Moreover, a new easy‐to‐use averaging kernel is suggested, the same for 3D, plane strain and plane stress applications. To showcase the delocalization procedures, we consider a ductile damage model, based on the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient, as well as hyperelastic relations between stresses and strains. FEM solutions for a series of problems are presented, including graduate damage accumulation, crack initiation and fracture.
Free vibration analysis of graded porous circular micro/nanoplates with various boundary conditions based on the nonlocal elasticity theory
Authors: Li Qinglu , Wang Siyao , Zhang Jinghua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this article, the free vibrations of graded porous circular nanoplates subjected to various boundary conditions have been investigated. It is assumed that the performance of graded porous materials varies continuously in the whole thickness, and two cosine forms of non‐uniform porosity distribution along its thickness are considered. In order to capture the size effect, the Eringen's nonlocal elastic theory is applied. Then, Mindlin plate theory, combined with Hamilton's principle, is utilized to derive the governing equations of motion. Various types of boundary conditions are assumed for the plate with a combination of clamped, simply supported and free edges. Finally, the governing equations of motion are solved numerically using the shooting technique. The effects of various factors such as porosity coefficient, porosity distribution pattern, thickness‐diameter ratio, and the nonlocal scale effect and boundary conditions on the natural frequencies of grade porous circular nanoplates are discussed in detail.
Invariant representation driven neural classifier for anti-QCD jet tagging
Authors: Cheng Taoli , Courville Aaron 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We leverage representation learning and the inductive bias in neural-net-based Standard Model jet classification tasks, to detect non-QCD signal jets. In establishing the framework for classification-based anomaly detection in jet physics, we demonstrate that, with a well-calibrated and powerful enough feature extractor, a well-trained mass-decorrelated supervised Standard Model neural jet classifier can serve as a strong generic anti-QCD jet tagger for effectively reducing the QCD background. Imposing data-augmented mass-invariance (and thus decoupling the dominant factor) not only facilitates background estimation, but also induces more substructure-aware representation learning. We are able to reach excellent tagging efficiencies for all the test signals considered. In the best case, we reach a background rejection rate of 51 and a significance improvement factor of 3.6 at 50% signal acceptance, with the jet mass decorrelated. This study indicates that supervised Standard Model jet classifiers have great potential in general new physics searches.
The quasi-static plasmonic problem for polyhedra
Authors: de León-Contreras Marta , Perfekt Karl-Mikael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe characterize the essential spectrum of the plasmonic problem for polyhedra in $${\mathbb {R}}^3$$

R

3

. The description is particularly simple for convex polyhedra and permittivities $$\epsilon < - 1$$

ϵ
<
-
1

. The plasmonic problem is interpreted as a spectral problem through a boundary integral operator, the direct value of the double layer potential, also known as the Neumann–Poincaré operator. We therefore study the spectral structure of the double layer potential for polyhedral cones and polyhedra.
Time periodic motion of temperature driven compressible fluids
Authors: Feireisl Eduard , Gwiazda Piotr , Świerczewska-Gwiazda Agnieszka 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe consider the Navier–Stokes–Fourier system describing the motion of a compressible viscous fluid in a container with impermeable boundary subject to time periodic heating and under the action of a time periodic potential force. We show the existence of a time periodic weak solution for arbitrarily large physically admissible data.
Patient‐Reported Outcomes in Patients with Low‐Risk Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Cross‐Sectional Study to Compare Active Surveillance and Immediate Surgery
Authors: Kazusaka Hiroko , Sugitani Iwao , Toda Kazuhisa , Sen Masaomi , Saito Marie , Nagaoka Ryuta , Yoshida Yusaku 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis cross‐sectional study compared patient‐reported outcomes of low‐risk papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC, T1N0M0) between patients who underwent active surveillance (AS) and those who received immediate surgery,MethodsUsing the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory, Short‐Form 36 version 2, and a visual analog scale for neck symptoms, 249 patients under AS and 32 patients underwent immediate surgery were compared. To match the difference in time from the onset of treatment to the survey, we conducted propensity score matching. We also investigated factors affecting anxiety in patients under AS in multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsIn the entire group, patients under AS had significantly longer time from the onset to the survey than patients underwent immediate surgery (7.9 vs. 4.0 years). After matching, AS group showed significantly better trait anxiety and mental component summary (MCS) compared to surgery group, while surgery group showed better role‐social component summary. AS group also had significantly better MCS than the Japanese norm‐based score. Surgery group displayed worse neck symptoms than AS group. Among AS group, trait anxiety and time from the onset were significant predictors of state anxiety. Compared with the group with < 5 years since starting AS, the group with ≥ 5 years of follow‐up showed a significantly better state anxiety only in patients with better trait anxiety.ConclusionsLow‐risk PTC patients under AS showed better trait anxiety and mental health than surgery group. After a certain period, the anxiety of patients under AS seems to be improved, especially in patients with better trait anxiety.
Analysis of Outpatient Adherence in 45,237 Patients Referred by an Emergency Department to Surgical Clinics
Authors: Cheema Fareed , Lima Diego L. , Iqbal Niloy , Friedmann Patricia , Camacho Diego , Malcher Flavio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis study examines referral patterns to surgical clinics from the emergency department and the impact of sociodemographic factors on adherence.MethodsPatients from 2017 to 2021 were identified who had a referral placed to surgical specialties from the ED. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who had a referral to surgery placed during an ED visit but who showed up to surgery clinic visit within 60 days of referral placement. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed.ResultsReferrals were made for 45,237 patients overall and 4130 for general surgery specifically. 44% showed up to general surgery clinic visit. In univariate and multivariate analysis, those who showed up to clinic were older, tended to be female, had a lower social economic status, had Medicaid or Medicare insurance and had more comorbidities compared to those who did not show up. Asians and Hispanics were more likely to show up to clinic compared to Whites.ConclusionsAssigning navigators in the ED to follow‐up with patients who are younger and healthier, with private insurances who have existing PCPs to ensure they follow up as advised is a potential targeted intervention to improve clinic adherence.
The (human) respiratory rate at rest
Authors: Schramm Wolfgang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAll schoolchildren know how often they breathe, but even experts don’t know exactly why. The aim of this publication is to develop a model of the resting spontaneous breathing rate using physiological, physical and mathematical methods with the aid of the principle that evolution pushes physiology in a direction that is as economical as possible. The respiratory rate then follows from an equation with the parameters $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$

CO
2

-production rate of the organism, resistance, static compliance and dead space of the lungs, the inspiration duration: expiration duration - ratio and the end-expiratory $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$

CO
2

fraction. The derivation requires exclusively secondary school mathematics. Using the example of an adult human or a newborn child, data from the literature then result in normal values for their breathing rate at rest. The reason for the higher respiratory rate of a newborn human compared to an adult is the relatively high $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$

CO
2

-production rate together with the comparatively low compliance of the lungs. A side result is the fact that the common alveolar pressure throughout the lungs and the common time constant is a consequence of the economical principle as well. Since the above parameters are not human-specific, there is no reason to assume that the above equation could not also be applicable to many animals breathing through lungs within a thorax, especially mammals. Not only physiology and biology, but also medicine, could benefit: Applicability is being discussed in pulmonary function diagnostics, including pathophysiology. However, the present publication only claims to be a theoretical concept of the spontaneous quiet breathing rate. In the absence of comparable animal data, this publication is intended to encourage further scientific tests.
Chest radiograph classification and severity of suspected COVID-19 by different radiologist groups and attending clinicians: multi-reader, multi-case study
Authors: Nair Arjun , Procter Alexander , Halligan Steve , Parry Thomas , Ahmed Asia , Duncan Mark , Taylor Magali , Chouhan Manil , Gaunt Trevor , Roberts James , van Vucht Niels , Campbell Alan , Davis Laura May , Jacob Joseph , Hubbard Rachel , Kumar Shankar , Said Ammaarah , Chan Xinhui , Cutfield Tim , Luintel Akish , Marks Michael , Stone Neil , Mallet Sue 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To quantify reader agreement for the British Society of Thoracic Imaging (BSTI) diagnostic and severity classification for COVID-19 on chest radiographs (CXR), in particular agreement for an indeterminate CXR that could instigate CT imaging, from single and paired images.

Methods
Twenty readers (four groups of five individuals)—consultant chest (CCR), general consultant (GCR), and specialist registrar (RSR) radiologists, and infectious diseases clinicians (IDR)—assigned BSTI categories and severity in addition to modified Covid-Radiographic Assessment of Lung Edema Score (Covid-RALES), to 305 CXRs (129 paired; 2 time points) from 176 guideline-defined COVID-19 patients. Percentage agreement with a consensus of two chest radiologists was calculated for (1) categorisation to those needing CT (indeterminate) versus those that did not (classic/probable, non-COVID-19); (2) severity; and (3) severity change on paired CXRs using the two scoring systems.

Results
Agreement with consensus for the indeterminate category was low across all groups (28–37%). Agreement for other BSTI categories was highest for classic/probable for the other three reader groups (66–76%) compared to GCR (49%). Agreement for normal was similar across all radiologists (54–61%) but lower for IDR (31%). Agreement for a severe CXR was lower for GCR (65%), compared to the other three reader groups (84–95%). For all groups, agreement for changes across paired CXRs was modest.

Conclusion
Agreement for the indeterminate BSTI COVID-19 CXR category is low, and generally moderate for the other BSTI categories and for severity change, suggesting that the test, rather than readers, is limited in utility for both deciding disposition and serial monitoring.

Key Points
• Across different reader groups, agreement for COVID-19 diagnostic categorisation on CXR varies widely.
• Agreement varies to a degree that may render CXR alone ineffective for triage, especially for indeterminate cases.
• Agreement for serial CXR change is moderate, limiting utility in guiding management.
Influence of kinematic alignment on femorotibial kinematics in medial stabilized TKA design compared to mechanical alignment
Authors: Bauer L. , Woiczinski M. , Thorwächter C. , Müller P. E. , Holzapfel B. M. , Niethammer T. R. , Simon J.-M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Worldwide more and more primary knee replacements are being performed. Kinematic alignment (KA) as one of many methods of surgical alignment has been shown to have a significant impact on kinematics and function. The aim of the present study was to compare KA and mechanical alignment (MA) with regard to femorotibial kinematics.

Materials and methods
Eight fresh frozen human specimens were tested on a knee rig during active knee flexion from 30 to 130°. Within the same specimen a medial stabilized (MS) implant design was used first with KA and then with MA.

Results
The femorotibial kinematics showed more internal rotation of the tibia in KA compared to MA. At the same time, there was a larger medial rotation point in KA. Both alignment methods showed femoral rollback over the knee bend.

Conclusion
Relating to an increased internal rotation and a more precise medial pivot point, it can be concluded that KA combined with a MS implant design may partially support the reproduction of physiological knee joint mechanics.
Basal cell carcinomas in organ transplant recipients versus the general population: clinicopathologic study
Authors: Pandeya Nirmala , Huang Nancy , Jiyad Zainab , Plasmeijer Elsemieke I. , Way Mandy , Isbel Nicole , Campbell Scott , Chambers Daniel C. , Hopkins Peter , Soyer H. Peter , Whiteman David C. , Olsen Catherine M. , Green Adele C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOrgan transplant recipients (OTRs) are at greater risk of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) than non-OTRs, but histopathologic differences between BCCs in OTRs and the general population are largely unknown. We compared clinicopathologic features of BCCs in OTRs vs the general population in Queensland, Australia. Details of BCC tumors (site, size, level of invasion, subtype, biopsy procedure) were collected from histopathology reports in two prospective skin cancer studies, one in OTRs and one general-population-based. We used log-binomial regression models to estimate age- and sex-adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for BCC features. Overall, there were 702 BCCs in 200 OTRs and 1725 BCCs in 804 population cases. Of these, 327 tumors in 128 OTRs were higher risk BCCs (any head and neck BCC; ≥ 2 cm on trunk/extremities), more per person than 703 higher risk BCCs in 457 cases in the general population (chi-square p = 0.008). Among head/neck BCCs, OTRs were more likely than general population cases to have BCCs on scalp/ear than on face/lip/neck (PR = 1.5, 95%CI 1.2–1.8). Although aggressive subtypes were less common among higher risk BCCs in OTRs, BCCs invading beyond the dermis were almost twice as prevalent in OTRs (PR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.3–2.6) than the general population.
A refashioned foley catheter: novel cost-effective available stent in pediatric laryngotracheal reconstruction
Authors: El-Sobki Ahmed , Elkahwagi Mohamed , El-Deeb Mohamed E. , Habaza Fedaey R. , Salem Mohammed Abdelbadie , Hemdan Ahmed , El-Kholy Noha Ahmed , Alsobky Mahmoud Elsaid Ibrahim 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Pediatric laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR) for laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) mandates stenting in certain situations. This study presents a novel commercially available and cost-effective stent, a refashioned foley catheter.

Methods
This prospective clinical study was performed on pediatric cases with LTS up to 8 years. The study was performed in a tertiary referral center. The selection of the proper foley catheter size for age was explained. The atraumatic insertion maneuver of the stent was also shown in detail in different situations of LTS. The endoscopic removal of the stent was also described. The mean follow-up was 6.45 ± 1.3 months.

Results
The study included 31 cases using the refashioned foley catheter stents. The study included 17 males and 14 females with a mean age of 3.45 ± 1.09. Subglottic stenosis was the most common cause of LTR in the study (74.2%) cases. The mean duration of stenting was 40.5 ± 3.7 days. Decannulation was achieved in 96.8% of cases. No stent complications were encountered like stent migration, excess granulation tissue, intractable aspiration, or pressure necrosis.

Conclusion
The refashioned foley catheter is a novel, available, and inexpensive stent that can be utilized for LTR cases for pediatric LTS. The newly described stent is soft, pliable with atraumatic insertion and easy endoscopic removal with minimal complications.
The 2020 MELODI workshop on the effects of spatial and temporal variation in dose delivery
Authors: Madas Balázs G. , Wojcik Andrzej 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA key activity of MELODI is to organise annual European meetings where scientific results and future directions and strategies of relevant research are discussed. The annual meetings, previously organised solely under the auspices of MELODI are, since 2016, jointly organised by the European platforms and referred to as European Radiation Protection Weeks (ERPW). In addition to ERPW meetings, MELODI organises and finances annual workshops dedicated to specific topics. Outputs and recommendations from the meetings are published as review articles. The 2020 workshop focussed on one of the cross cutting topics: the effects of spatial and temporal variation in dose delivery on disease risk. The current issue of REBS includes five review articles from the workshop on the effects of spatial and temporal variation in dose delivery and this editorial is a short summary of their content.
Risk factors for chronic postsurgical pain in visceral surgery: a matched case–control analysis
Authors: Perrodin Stéphanie F. , Trinh Win-Hua , Streitberger Konrad , Di Pietro Martinelli Claudine , Harnik Michael Alexander , Holzgang Melanie , Candinas Daniel , Beldi Guido 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) after abdominal visceral surgery is an underestimated long-term complication with relevant impact on health-related quality of life and socioeconomic costs. Early identification of affected patients is important. We aim to identify the incidence and risk factors for CPSP in this patient population.

Methods
Retrospective case–control matched analysis including all patients diagnosed with CPSP after visceral surgery in our institution between 2016 and 2019. One-to-two case–control matching was based on operation category (HPB, upper-GI, colorectal, transplantation, bariatric, hernia and others) and date of surgery. Potential risk factors for CPSP were identified using conditional multivariate logistic regression.

Results
Among a cohort of 3730 patients, 176 (4.7%) were diagnosed with CPSP during the study period and matched to a sample of 352 control patients. Independent risk factors for CPSP were age under 55 years (OR 2.64, CI 1.51–4.61), preexisting chronic pain of any origin (OR 3.42, CI 1.75–6.67), previous abdominal surgery (OR 1.99, CI 1.11–3.57), acute postoperative pain (OR 1.29, CI 1.16–1.44), postoperative use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (OR 3.73, OR 1.61–8.65), opioid use on discharge (OR 3.78, CI 2.10–6.80) and length of stay over 3 days (OR 2.60, CI 1.22–5.53). Preoperative Pregabalin intake was protective (OR 0.02, CI 0.002–0.21).

Conclusion
The incidence of CPSP is high and associated with specific risk factors, some of them modifiable. Special attention should be given to sufficient treatment of preexisting chronic pain and acute postoperative pain.
Enhancement of recombinant human IL-24 (rhIL-24) protein production from site-specific integrated engineered CHO cells by sodium butyrate treatment
Authors: Hua Jilei , Xu Hanli , Zhang Yao , Ge Jianlin , Liu Mengzhe , Wang Yuqi , Wei Yuexian , Shi Yinan , Hou LingLing , Jiang Hong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInterleukin-24 (IL-24) has specific inhibitory effects on the proliferation of various tumor cells with almost no toxicity to normal cells. The antitumor activity of recombinant human IL-24 protein produced in mammalian cells is much higher than that of bacteria, but its expression level is extremely low. Sodium butyrate (NaBu) was utilized as a media additive to increase protein expression in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The site-specific integrated engineered cells FCHO/IL-24 were treated with NaBu under different culture conditions (10% and 0.5% serum adherent culture, 0.5% serum suspension culture). First, 3 days of 1 mmol/L NaBu treatment significantly increased rhIL-24 expression level in FCHO/IL-24 cells by 119.94 ± 1.5% (**p < 0.01), 57.49 ± 2.4% (**p < 0.01), and 20.17 ± 3.03% (*p < 0.05) under the above culture conditions. Second, NaBu has a time- and dose-dependent inhibitory effect on FCHO/IL-24 proliferation and induces G0/G1 phase arrest. Under 10% and 0.5% serum adherent culture, G0/G1 phase cells were increased by 11.3 ± 0.5% (**p < 0.01) and 15.0 ± 2.6% (**p < 0.01), respectively. No induction of apoptosis was observed under a high dosage of NaBu treatment. These results suggest that NaBu increases rhIL-24 secretion via inhibiting cell cycle progression, thereby trapping cells in the highly productive G0/G1 phase. Finally, with increasing NaBu dose, glucose concentration increased (**p < 0.01) while lactic acid and ammonia concentrations reduced significantly (**p < 0.01) in 10% and 0.5% serum adherent culture supernatant. RNA-seq showed that NaBu treatment affected multiple tumor and immune-related pathways. In conclusion, NaBu treatment dramatically promoted rhIL-24 production in engineered FCHO/IL-24 cells by altering downstream pathways and inducing G0/G1 cell arrest with little effect on apoptosis.