bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reading about Race
Authors: Davies Ben , Lupton Christina , Gormsen Schmidt Johanne 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Chapter 8 explores the more problematic case of reading about race in 2020, a year when political protest was both urgent and impeded. In the wake of the murder of George Floyd and the Black Lives Matter protests that his murder inspired, readers reported changes to their reading material. The popularity of novels like Girl, Woman, Other in 2020 exemplifies the tension involved when the leisure time, financial means, and educational opportunity that undergird mainstream novel reading are themselves propped up by the forms of structural inequality that the novels expose—areas of inequality that increased during the pandemic. Those who read in safety tended by definition to rely more heavily on those who worked in danger. Is it still ethically correct, then, to read novels if doing so exposes Amazon workers to Covid-19? Reading readers’ accounts of these changes alongside Claudia Rankine’s Just Us, the analysis in this chapter looks at the tension between good reading intentions and the ethnographic realities of so many readers being white women. The task in this chapter is to recognize such tensions as basic to reading while also testifying to some of the richest and world altering engagements with books that we heard about in our interviews. This chapter asks just how much reading can ever be a means for political engagement.
Long Reads
Authors: Davies Ben , Lupton Christina , Gormsen Schmidt Johanne 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The final chapter of the book circles back to the opening question of time and reading. It returns to one kind of reading that was associated with lockdown from the beginning: of long, weighty books, often classics, whose reading is easily deferred, but whose very length supports the idea of engagement with a novel as a serious commitment; a conversation lasting many weeks. The chapter explores more closely the realities of the pandemic long read and the forms of attention given to long novels, asking in hindsight whether early predictions about pandemic novel reading have come true. Have long reads really been compatible with life under these new conditions of crisis and confinement? What does sustained engagement with a book offer that reading shorter or ‘quicker’ texts doesn’t? The second aim of this chapter is to review, by way of a conclusion to this book, some of the different ideas about the relationship of fiction reading to time that we have explored. Throughout, the book has touched in passing on the idea that novels might fill time, or help pass it, redeem it, economize on it, or slow it down. Some of these uses of literature, this chapter will suggest, come out in particular as we see readers reckoning with the long book, the medium in which they read it, and the ways in which a narrative and its promise of duration interweave with the more immediate pressures of daily life during crisis.
Alternative Family Models in Space
Authors: Berman Anna A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The English conceived of the family as a bounded sphere (“every man’s house is his castle”), while the Russians allowed and encouraged family to expand by treating ever wider circles as kin. Given widespread negative perceptions of the normative Russian family, “intentional family”—literally choosing to make others kin—was often the model for successful family creation at the end of the Russian novel. In England, by contrast, alternative models most often arise as a way to accommodate queer desires that did not have a place in the standard nuclear family model. When the possibility of reproductive futurity is removed in an English novel (due to disability, hereditary illness, or queer desire), the same types of alternative family configurations appear as in the Russian novel. In both traditions, the embrace of alternative kin leads to a liberalizing of the family and to plotlines of inclusion in the present, rather than a line of descent.
Socialism plus Temperament
Authors: Bonnell Andrew G. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter traces Michels’ involvement with Italian socialists and syndicalists, initially as an interested observer and increasingly as a sympathetic interpreter mediating between the German and Italian socialist parties. As Michels became increasingly closely involved with Italian socialist politics, he developed strong sympathies for the left wing of the Italian Socialist Party, especially the revolutionary syndicalists such as Arturo Labriola, while also maintaining collegial relations with more reformist socialist intellectuals. Michels did not become as personally involved in socialist agitation in Italy as he did in Germany, despite contributing to a range of Italian socialist newspapers and periodicals. After Michels took up an academic position at the University of Turin in 1907, his involvement in Italian socialist politics started to wane.
Feminism and the Sexual Politics of a New Century
Authors: Bonnell Andrew G. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Michels is not usually remembered as a feminist, however, he was particularly interested in the ‘woman question’, feminism, and the implications of changing sexual mores as a feature of modern society. He wrote frequently on women’s issues, contributed to a wide range of feminist publications, from Clara Zetkin’s left-Marxist Die Gleichheit, to Die Frau, on the moderate right wing of the German feminist movement, and published a book of essays on the ‘sexual question’ in 1911. He was active in the radical feminist ‘sex reform’ group, the Bund für Mutterschutz (League for Protection of Mothers), and supported the involvement in feminist activities of his wife, Gisela Michels-Lindner. In many ways, Michels’ involvement in feminism and the sex reform movement was remarkably progressive, but it was also characterized by some limitations and contradictions, and his advocacy of collaboration between middle-class and socialist feminists was curiously at odds with his support of militant class struggle in the more masculine spheres of politics, suggesting an implicitly gendered understanding of politics.
Conclusions
Authors: Bonnell Andrew G. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Both the common argument that Michels was a disillusioned believer in pure democracy and the view that Michels’ extremist tendencies catapulted him from revolutionary syndicalist positions to fascism stand in need of correction in the light of a close analysis of Michels’ evolution and the diverse intellectual influences to which he responded. In part, Michels’ career up to the publication of his Political Parties in 1911 was marked by the tension between his ambitions for an academic career in imperial Germany and his political activism. In his political activism, Michels displayed a belief in an agonistic conception of politics in which superior individuals were able to show their ethical qualities, a view of politics that was increasingly at odds with both Marxist theory and the realities of organizing a modern mass party. Michels became increasingly pessimistic about the masses and mass politics, a pessimism influenced both by elite theory and by Michels’ openness to ideas of racial and biological determinism.
La Forge’s Partial Occasionalism
Authors: Roux Sandrine 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Louis de La Forge is recognized as playing a major role in the development of Cartesian occasionalism. Yet, there is still no consensus on the nature and extent of his occasionalism. The question currently debated is whether La Forge is an occasionalist only with respect to body-body relations, or also with respect to minds and mind-body relations? This chapter shows that La Forge’s occasionalism cannot be limited to bodies, but extends to mind-to-body action, God being the sole cause of bodily motions. However, the chapter does not defend the extreme interpretation that La Forge is, or should be, a complete occasionalist. Rather, it argues that his occasionalism is partial, because it leaves unimpaired the mind’s internal causal powers, by which it can efficaciously cause its own ideas and volitions, but not the corresponding voluntary motions in the body.
Risk Management Theory
Authors: Lie Erik 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter explains why risk management can create value for firms. It shows that risk management creates value if a cash shortage prevents firms from investing in value-enhancing projects. An exception is if the risk factors and investment opportunities are correlated. The chapter further shows that debtholders, equityholders, and managers have different preferences for risk and risk management. Managers are also prone to behavioral bias stemming from their own overconfidence, which leads to selective hedging.
Managing Idiosyncratic Risk
Authors: Lie Erik 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Most firm risk is idiosyncratic, but its uniqueness makes it hard to manage. Insurance can mitigate some idiosyncratic risk, including property and liability risk. But insurance comes with inherent challenges, including adverse selection and moral hazard. Self-insurance and corporate diversification are other alternatives for mitigating idiosyncratic risk. Credit risk (a category of idiosyncratic risk) can be mitigated by assessing the creditworthiness and default probability of trading partners, or by purchasing credit default swaps on their bonds.
Hedging with Options
Authors: Lie Erik 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The chapter shows how calls and puts can be used to reduce risk. The option value can be decomposed into intrinsic value and time value. To hedge a long position, a firm can purchase a put option, sell a call option, or both. To hedge a short position, a firm can purchase a call option, sell a put option, or both. The chapter also shows how to use delta hedging with options and discusses how option hedging differs from insurance and hedging with forwards/futures contracts.
Hedging-Simulations
Authors: Lie Erik 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The chapter shows how simulations of future cash holdings can be used as a tool when making risk management decisions. It does so primarily by discussing an extensive example of a gold mine exposed to gold price risk. The example shows how forward contracts and options reduce the risk exposure. Rolling forward contracts introduce modest basis risk. Investment opportunities that rise with the gold price reduces the need for hedging.
Remaking a Nation
Authors: Shattuck, Jr. Gardiner H. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter covers the period from the end of World War I through the 1920s, when the Episcopal Church, like many other American organizations, sought to extend its influence into the post-Ottoman Middle East. Beginning with a discussion of the disappointment felt by Anglican missionaries in Jerusalem with regard to the Balfour Declaration, it then pivots to the efforts of Episcopalians in supporting Armenian aspirations for an independent homeland, including the involvement of two prominent church leaders, William Manning and Charles Henry Brent, in the extended national controversy over ratification of the proposed Lausanne Treaty between the United States and the newly formed Republic of Turkey. In addition to these topics, the chapter discusses the Episcopal Church’s response to the burning of Smyrna (Izmir) in 1922 and its decision to send a representative to serve permanently on the staff of the Anglican bishop in Jerusalem.
Extinction in the Land of Its Birth
Authors: Shattuck, Jr. Gardiner H. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Concluding the book’s main narrative, this chapter examines how Charles Bridgeman and others concerned about the Middle East came to terms with the reality of a Jewish state in the Holy Land. In addition to the existential threat that Israel posed to the evangelistic aspirations of Western missionaries, the Palestinian Nakba left a humanitarian disaster similar to what had occurred in the Middle East following World War I. Responding to this new crisis Episcopalians, including Arabists such as William A. Eddy and other lay men and women knowledgeable about the region and its oil resources, were active in forming organizations that lobbied for the Palestinian cause. In this effort they sought not only to inspire churchgoers to alleviate the suffering of refugees in biblical lands, but also to demonstrate to all Americans the need to court Arab nations as allies in the budding Cold War against the Soviet Union.
Bloch and Latent Utopia
Authors: Goldman Loren 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines Ernst Bloch as a theorist of political hope. It presents Bloch in light of his respective engagements with Kant, Hegel, and Marx, and proceeds methodically through his borrowings from each thinker. It argues that Bloch’s famous notion of concrete utopia is predicated on an idiosyncratic vital materialist ontology, such that the not-yet that is central to his work is oriented toward the emergence of novel possibilities that are always already latent in the world. As such, it argues that Bloch aims to overcome what he perceives to be the shortcomings of Kant’s overly subjective account of hope, yet strays toward an equally problematic postulate of natural teleology in the process.
Brief Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is Associated with Faster Recovery in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Pilot Clinical Trial
Authors: Pester Bethany D , Wilson Jenna M , Yoon Jihee , Lazaridou Asimina , Schreiber Kristin L , Cornelius Marise , Campbell Claudia M , Smith Michael T , Haythornthwaite Jennifer A , Edwards Robert R , Meints Samantha M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective
To assess whether brief mindfulness-based cognitive behavioral therapy (MBCBT) could enhance the benefits of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in improving pain and pain-related disability. Specifically, to determine 1) whether patients who received MBCBT differed from matched controls who received treatment-as-usual with regard to postsurgical pain outcomes and 2) whether changes in pain catastrophizing, depression, or anxiety explained the potential effects of MBCBT on pain outcomes.

Design
Pilot clinical trial.

Setting
An academic teaching hospital serving a large urban and suburban catchment area surrounding the Boston, Massachusetts metropolitan region.

Subjects
Sample of 44 patients undergoing TKA. Patients who completed a brief MBCBT intervention (n = 22) were compared with age-, race-, and sex-matched controls who received treatment-as-usual (n = 22).

Methods
The MBCBT intervention included four 60-minute sessions delivered by a pain psychologist in person and via telephone during the perioperative period. Participants were assessed at baseline and at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery.

Results
Compared with matched controls, patients who received MBCBT had lower pain severity and pain interference at 6 weeks after surgery. Group differences in outcomes were mediated by changes in pain catastrophizing but not by changes in depression or anxiety. The MBCBT group had similar reductions in pain severity and interference as the control group did at 3 and 6 months after surgery.

Conclusions
This work offers evidence for a safe and flexibly delivered nonpharmacological treatment (MBCBT) to promote faster recovery from TKA and identifies change in pain catastrophizing as a mechanism by which this intervention could lead to enhanced pain-related outcomes.
Systemic lupus erythematosus phenotypes formed from machine learning with a specific focus on cognitive impairment
Authors: Barraclough Michelle , Erdman Lauren , Diaz-Martinez Juan Pablo , Knight Andrea , Bingham Kathleen , Su Jiandong , Kakvan Mahta , Grajales Carolina Muñoz , Tartaglia Maria Carmela , Ruttan Lesley , Wither Joan , Choi May Y , Bonilla Dennisse , Appenzeller Simone , Parker Ben , Goldenberg Anna , Katz Patricia , Beaton Dorcas , Green Robin , Bruce Ian N , Touma Zahi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective
To phenotype SLE based on symptom burden (disease damage, system involvement and patient reported outcomes), with a specific focus on objective and subjective cognitive function.

Methods
SLE patients ages 18–65 years underwent objective cognitive assessment using the ACR Neuropsychological Battery (ACR-NB) and data were collected on demographic and clinical variables, disease burden/activity, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), depression, anxiety, fatigue and perceived cognitive deficits. Similarity network fusion (SNF) was used to identify patient subtypes. Differences between the subtypes were evaluated using Kruskal–Wallis and χ2 tests.

Results
Of the 238 patients, 90% were female, with a mean age of 41 years (s.d. 12) and a disease duration of 14 years (s.d. 10) at the study visit. The SNF analysis defined two subtypes (A and B) with distinct patterns in objective and subjective cognitive function, disease burden/damage, HRQoL, anxiety and depression. Subtype A performed worst on all significantly different tests of objective cognitive function (P &lt; 0.03) compared with subtype B. Subtype A also had greater levels of subjective cognitive function (P &lt; 0.001), disease burden/damage (P &lt; 0.04), HRQoL (P &lt; 0.001) and psychiatric measures (P &lt; 0.001) compared with subtype B.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates the complexity of cognitive impairment (CI) in SLE and that individual, multifactorial phenotypes exist. Those with greater disease burden, from SLE-specific factors or other factors associated with chronic conditions, report poorer cognitive functioning and perform worse on objective cognitive measures. By exploring different ways of phenotyping SLE we may better define CI in SLE. Ultimately this will aid our understanding of personalized CI trajectories and identification of appropriate treatments.
Two New Drugs Approved for Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Aschenbrenner Diane S. 
Published: November 2022

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved capmatinib (Tabrecta) for the treatment of metastatic non–small cell lung cancer in adults whose tumors have a mutation leading to mesenchymal-epithelial transition exon 14 skipping.Nurses should monitor patients for serious adverse effects such as interstitial lung disease/pneumonitis, hepatotoxicity, pancreatic toxicity, photosensitivity, and embryo–fetal toxicity.The FDA has granted accelerated approval to fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki (Enhertu) for the treatment of unresectable or metastatic non–small cell lung cancer in adults whose tumors have activating human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 mutations and who have received a prior systemic therapy.Enhertu carries a boxed warning regarding the risk of interstitial lung disease and embryo–fetal toxicity.
A Nursing School on Reservation Land
Authors: Wilson Deborah , Werk Alicia , Hemmer Brigit 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
An associate degree in nursing program was established six years ago at the tribal college of the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation, home of the Aaniiih and Nakoda people. As this program continues to evolve and grow, it offers a successful example of how to increase diversity in nursing and potentially improve the health outcomes of Native Americans living on and nearby reservation communities.
Oxygen Uptake Efficiency Slope as a Predictor of Mortality Risk
Authors: Peterman James E. , Novelli Dominic S. , Fleenor Bradley S. , Whaley Mitchell H. , Kaminsky Leonard A. , Harber Matthew P. 
Published: November 2022

Purpose:
Oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES), defined as the slope of the linear relationship between oxygen uptake and the semilog transformed ventilation rate measured during an incremental exercise test, may have prognostic utility. The objective of this investigation was to examine the relationship between assessments of OUES and all-cause mortality in a cohort of apparently healthy adults.

Methods:
The sample included 2220 apparently healthy adults (48% females) with a mean age of 44.7 ± 12.9 yr who performed cardiopulmonary exercise testing. The OUES was calculated from the entire test, using data from the initial 50% (OUES50) and 75% (OUES75) of test time, and normalized to body surface area. Cox proportional hazard models assessed the relationship between measures of OUES and mortality. Prognostic peak oxygen uptake (V˙o
2peak) and OUES models were compared using the concordance index.

Results:
There were 310 deaths (29% females) over a follow-up period of 19.8 ± 11.1 yr. For males, OUES, OUES75, and normalized OUES had an inverse association with mortality, even after adjusting for traditional risk factors (P < .05). For females, only the unadjusted OUES, OUES75, and normalized OUES models were associated with mortality (P < .05). The concordance index values indicated that unadjusted OUES50 and OUES75 models had lower discrimination than the unadjusted OUES and V˙o
2peak models (P < .05). Furthermore, OUES did not complement the fully adjusted V˙o
2peak model (P≥ .32).

Conclusions:
Assessments of OUES are related to all-cause mortality in males but not in females. These findings suggest that OUES can have prognostic utility in apparently healthy males. Moreover, submaximal determinations of OUES could have value when measuring V˙o
2peak is not feasible.
LONG-TERM TREATMENT OUTCOMES AFTER BEVACIZUMAB THERAPY FOR MACULAR NEOVASCULARIZATION IN WHITE PATIENTS WITH HIGH MYOPIA
Authors: Ravenstijn Monica , Klaver Caroline C. W. , Yzer Suzanne 
Published: November 2022

Purpose:
To report long-term treatment outcomes of intravitreal bevacizumab in myopic macular neovascularization (MNV).

Methods:
Retrospective analysis of longitudinal, clinical data of patients with high myopic MNV treated with intravitreal bevacizumab. One-hundred and seventeen eyes of 106 patients were followed from first injection up to 12 years. Outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity change during follow-up and myopic MNV recurrence.

Results:
Mean (±SD) baseline best-corrected visual acuity (0.56 ± 0.46 logMAR, 20/80) significantly improved after first treatment (0.33 ± 0.33, 20/50, P < 0.001). At 4 years (n = 86), best-corrected visual acuity was no longer significantly better than at baseline (0.55 ± 0.57, P = 0.30) and continued to deteriorate to 0.84 ± 0.76 (20/125) at 10 years (n = 27). Of the 27 eyes (23%) who reached 10 years of follow-up, 53% developed MNV-related chorioretinal atrophy. The cumulative incidence of recurrent myopic MNV was 34% at 2 years and 59% at 5 years. Best-corrected visual acuity decrease in eyes with or without recurrent MNV was similar (P = 0.58). Patchy chorioretinal atrophy (hazard ratio 3.0, P = 0.02) and subfoveal MNVs (hazard ratio 2.5, P = 0.048) were significantly associated with recurrent MNV.

Conclusion:
This retrospective myopic MNV study revealed that visual improvement after intravitreal bevacizumab injections was not maintained over time. Macular neovascularization recurrences occurred frequently but did not alter the already poor visual prognosis.