bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Social Divide of Social Distancing: Shelter-in-Place Behavior in Santiago During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Carranza Aldo , Goic Marcel , Lara Eduardo , Olivares Marcelo , Weintraub Gabriel Y. , Covarrubia Julio , Escobedo Cristian , Jara Natalia , Basso Leonardo J. 
Published: January 2022

Voluntary shelter-in-place directives and lockdowns are the main nonpharmaceutical interventions that governments around the globe have used to contain the Covid-19 pandemic. In this paper, we study the impact of such interventions in the capital of a developing country, Santiago, Chile, that exhibits large socioeconomic inequality. A distinctive feature of our study is that we use granular geolocated mobile phone data to construct mobility measures that capture (1) shelter-in-place behavior and (2) trips within the city to destinations with potentially different risk profiles. Using panel data linear regression models, we first show that the impact of social distancing measures and lockdowns on mobility is highly heterogeneous and dependent on socioeconomic levels. More specifically, our estimates indicate that, although zones of high socioeconomic levels can exhibit reductions in mobility of around 50%–90% depending on the specific mobility metric used, these reductions are only 20%–50% for lower income communities. The large reductions in higher income communities are significantly driven by voluntary shelter-in-place behavior. Second, also using panel data methods, we show that our mobility measures are important predictors of infections: roughly, a 10% increase in mobility correlates with a 5% increase in the rate of infection. Our results suggest that mobility is an important factor explaining differences in infection rates between high- and low-incomes areas within the city. Further, they confirm the challenges of reducing mobility in lower income communities, where people generate their income from their daily work. To be effective, shelter-in-place restrictions in municipalities of low socioeconomic levels may need to be complemented by other supporting measures that enable their inhabitants to increase compliance. This paper was accepted by David Simchi Levi, healthcare management.
Shapley Meets Uniform: An Axiomatic Framework for Attribution in Online Advertising
Authors: Singal Raghav , Besbes Omar , Desir Antoine , Goyal Vineet , Iyengar Garud 
Published: January 2022

One of the central challenges in online advertising is attribution, namely, assessing the contribution of individual advertiser actions such as emails, display ads, and search ads to eventual conversion. Several heuristics are used for attribution in practice; however, most do not have any formal justification. The main contribution in this work is to propose an axiomatic framework for attribution in online advertising. We show that the most common heuristics can be cast under the framework and illustrate how these may fail. We propose a novel attribution metric, which we refer to as counterfactual adjusted Shapley value (CASV), which inherits the desirable properties of the traditional Shapley value while overcoming its shortcomings in the online advertising context. We also propose a Markovian model for the user journey through the conversion funnel, in which ad actions may have disparate impacts at different stages. We use the Markovian model to compare our metric with commonly used metrics. Furthermore, under the Markovian model, we establish that the CASV metric coincides with an adjusted “unique-uniform” attribution scheme. This scheme is efficiently implementable and can be interpreted as a correction to the commonly used uniform attribution scheme. We supplement our theoretical developments with numerical experiments using a real-world large-scale data set. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, revenue management and market analytics.
Effects of non-pharmacological coping strategies for reducing labor pain: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Chang Ching-Yi , Gau Meei-Ling , Huang Chi-Jung , Cheng Hao-min 
Published: January 2022

Background
Facilitating the childbirth process is a global issue. Many strategies have been developed to cope with labor pain and improve the delivery experience and satisfaction of pregnant women. The results of different types of medical intervention on women’s expectant pain have been varied. Therefore, this systematic review was aimed at summarizing the body of evidence regarding the effects of various non-pharmacological coping strategies for reducing labor pain.

Methods
The review was conducted according to guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). We systematically searched the articles published between 1989 and 2020 in six electronic databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, WOS, PsycARTICLES, and Airiti Library, and the reference lists of the Clinical Trial Registry. Twenty studies were identified, with eight eligible studies included in the Bayesian network meta-analysis.

Results
Eight studies with 713 participants were included in the meta-analysis with nine different non-pharmacological strategies for reducing labor pain. The traditional meta-analysis demonstrated that the non-pharmacological coping strategies were effective in reducing labor pain. Of these interventional strategies, the ranking probabilities analysis of the network meta-analysis suggested that the Bonapace Method may be the most effective strategy in reducing labor pain, followed by acupressure.

Conclusions
Non-pharmacological coping strategies can reduce labor pain while maintaining an effective and satisfactory delivery experience. This systematic review, by synthesizing the body of evidence, demonstrated that non-pharmacological coping strategies are effective in reducing labor pain. Furthermore, as demonstrated in the network meta-analysis, the Bonapace Method, modulating birth pain by involving the father, is the most effective non-pharmacological intervention for reducing labor pain.
The experience of urgent dialysis patients with end-stage renal disease: A qualitative study
Authors: Lin Min-Ling , Chu Kuei-Hui 
Published: January 2022

PurposeTaiwan is among the countries with the highest global prevalence of chronic renal disease. However, when advised to undergo dialysis therapy, patients with end-stage renal disease often hesitate. Attitudes toward medication and Taiwanese cultures are the main reasons for this delay, and delay conditioning requires urgent dialysis. This study aimed to explore the experience of urgent dialysis patients with end-stage renal disease.MethodsThis study used a purposive sampling strategy with semi-structured interviews leading to in-depth interviews. Patients were recruited from the nephrology ward and hemodialysis center of a northern Taiwanese hospital. All participants were aged over 20 years with end-stage renal disease. Although advised by doctors to undergo dialysis, these patients delayed their treatment and later suffered severe complications. After emergency hospitalization, the patients’ condition improved. Data were analyzed by content analysis.ResultsInterviews with five participants suffering from end-stage renal disease identified six themes: “experiencing a sudden jolt,” “silent organ brings the most pain,” “feeling angry: why me?,” “facing a dilemma,” “taking risks,” and “facing consequences.”ConclusionThese patients delayed their treatment and later suffered severe complications, even though doctors advised them to undergo dialysis. Health professionals play an important role in communication and coordination, assisting patients in coping with their situation. The analysis of the reasons for the delay in undergoing dialysis, therefore, should help health professionals provide proper guidance and care to patients who are faced with the decision to accept dialysis treatment.
Agreement between upper and lower limb measures to identify older adults with low skeletal muscle strength, muscle mass and muscle quality
Authors: Phillipe de Lucena Alves Charles , Câmara Marcyo , Dantas Macêdo Geovani Araújo , Freire Yuri Alberto , de Melo Silva Raíssa , Paulo-Pereira Ronildo , Farias-Junior Luiz Fernando , Fayh Ana Paula Trussardi , Mortatti Arnaldo Luis , Costa Eduardo Caldas 
Published: January 2022

Background
Identifying low skeletal muscle strength (SMS), skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and skeletal muscle quality (SMQ) is pivotal for diagnosing sarcopenia cases. Age-related declines in SMS, SMM, and SMQ are dissimilar between the upper (UL) and lower limbs (LL). Despite this, both UL and LL measures have been used to assess SMS, SMM and SMQ in older adults. However, it is not clear whether there is agreement between UL and LL measures to identify older adults with low SMS, SMM and SMQ.

Objective
To investigate the agreement between UL and LL measures to identify older adults with low SMS, SMM and SMQ.

Methods
Participants (n = 385; 66.1 ± 5.1 years; 75,4% females) performed the handgrip strength test (HGS) and the 30-s chair stand test (CST) to assess UL- and LL-SMS, respectively. The SMM was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The UL-SMQ was determined as: handgrip strength (kgf) ÷ arm SMM (kg). LL-SMQ was determined as: 30-s CST performance (repetitions) ÷ leg SMM (kg). Results below the 25th percentile stratified by sex and age group (60–69 and 70–80 years) were used to determine low SMS, SMM and SMQ. Cohen’s kappa coefficient (κ) was used for the agreement analyses.

Results
There was a slight and non-significant agreement between UL and LL measures to identify older adults with low SMS (κ = 0.046; 95% CI 0.093–0.185; p = 0.352). There was a moderate agreement to identify low SMM (κ = 0.473; 95% CI 0.371–0.574; p = 0.001) and a fair agreement to identify low SMQ (κ = 0.206; 95% CI 0.082 to 0.330; p = 0.005).

Conclusion
The agreement between UL and LL measures to identify older adults with low SMS, SMM and SMQ is limited, which might generate different clinical interpretations for diagnosing sarcopenia cases.
Comportamento de estacas sob acções horizontais estáticas e dinâmicas
Authors: Santos Jaime 
Published: January 2022

Neste trabalho investiga-se o comportamento de estacas sob acções horizontais estáticas e dinâmicas. A análise baseia-se fundamentalmente na aplicação de modelos do meio discreto. Para o caso das acções estáticas, é proposta uma nova metodologia para a construção das curvas p-y. Para as acções sísmicas, investiga-se o efeito de interacção cinemática solo-estaca recorrendo ao modelo BDWF (Beam on Dynamic Winkler Foundation). Os modelos do meio discreto são aferidos através de comparações com formulações tridimensionais do meio contínuo, bem como com os resultados de um ensaio estático de carga horizontal na cabeça de duas estacas.
Safety and Efficacy of Nonoperative Treatment in Esophageal Perforation Caused by Foreign Bodies
Authors: Liao Foqiang , Zhu Zhenhua , Pan Xiaolin , Li Bimin , Zhu Yin , Chen Youxiang , Shu Xu 
Published: January 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Esophageal foreign bodies are often treated by endoscopy, but the treatment of esophageal perforation caused by foreign bodies remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of nonoperative treatment of esophageal perforation caused by foreign bodies.

METHODS:
We retrospectively analyzed 270 patients admitted to our hospital for esophageal perforation caused by foreign bodies from January 2012 to December 2020, all of whom received nonoperative treatment.

RESULTS:
The mean age of the patients was 56 ± 17 years, and fish bones were the most common type of foreign body. A total of 61.2% of the perforations were in the cervical esophagus. All patients received nonoperative treatment initially, and the foreign body removal rate using endoscopy reached 97%. The perforation healing rate reached 94.8%, whereas 3 patients (1.1%) died during hospitalization. The median (range) duration of hospitalization was 4 days (3–6). Multivariable analysis showed age ≥ 66 years (odds ratio [OR]: 2.196; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.232–3.916; P = 0.008), men (OR: 1.934; 95% CI: 1.152–3.246; P = 0.013), and time to treatment (OR: 1.126; 95% CI: 1.027–1.233; P = 0.011) were independent risk factors for infection, whereas the risk of infection was lower when the foreign body type was fish bone (OR: 0.557; 95% CI: 0.330–0.940; P = 0.028).

DISCUSSION:
Nonoperative treatment is safe and effective for esophageal perforation caused by foreign bodies. Even if perforation is combined with infection, active nonoperative treatment can still achieve a good effect. Early intervention can effectively reduce the risk of infection and improve patient outcomes.
PENGARUH BUKTI FISIK, KEANDALAN, DAYA TANGGAP, JAMINAN DAN EMPATI TERHADAP KEPUASAN BUMDES
Authors: Amalia Neli Muna , DWP Sucihatiningsih , Santoso Jarot Tri Bowo 
Published: January 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh bukti fisik, keandalan, daya tanggap, jaminan dan empati terhadap kepuasan pelanggan Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) Sumber Arto Desa Kenteng Kecamatan Bandungan Kabupaten Semarang, baik secara simultan maupun parsial. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pelanggan BUMDesSumber Arto yang berjumlah 114 orang, dan sampel diambil sebanyak 88 orang dengan teknik proporsional random sampling. Metode pengumpulan data dengan dokumentasi dan kuesioner. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil uji regresi yang dilakukan menunjukan bahwa Y = 4,975 + 0,184X1 + 0,357X2 +0,163X3 + 0,480X4 + 0,107X5 + e. Penelitian menyatakan bukti fisik berpengaruh positif sebesar 2,236, keandalan berpengaruh positif sebesar 3,938, daya tanggap berpengaruh positif sebesar 3,507, jaminan berpengaruh positif sebesar 6,801 dan empati berpengaruh positif sebesar 2,207.Sedangkan secara simultan bukti fisik, keandalan, daya tanggap, jaminan dan empati berpengaruh sebesar 92,5% terhadap kepuasan pelanggan dan sisanya dipengaruhi faktor lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah terdapat pengaruh bukti fisik, keandalan, daya tanggap, jaminan, empati baik secara parsial maupun secara simultan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan BUMDesSumber ArtoDesa Kenteng
Philosophy and classic psychedelics: A review of some emerging themes
Authors: Letheby Chris , Mattu Jaipreet 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSerotonergic (or “classic”) psychedelics have struck many researchers as raising significant philosophical questions that, until recently, were largely unexplored by academic philosophers. This paper provides an overview of four emerging lines of research at the intersection of academic philosophy and psychedelic science that have gained considerable traction in the last decade: selfless consciousness, psychedelic epistemology, psychedelic ethics, and spiritual/religious naturalism. In this paper, we highlight philosophical questions concerning (i) psychedelics, self-consciousness, and phenomenal consciousness, (ii) the epistemic profile of the psychedelic experience; (iii) ethical concerns about the appropriate use of psychedelics; and (iv) whether spiritual or religious dimensions of psychedelic use are compatible with a naturalistic worldview.
Design of Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Generating Power over a Range of Excitation Frequencies Using
Authors: Amer A. Khadim, Waleed K. Al-Ashtrai  
Published: January 2022

Today, there is a real desire to develop the piezoelectric ‎power harvester to enhance the performance of Wi-Fi sensors ‎and low-power devices to use them in heavy weather for longer times. In this study, the harvester model built from piezoelectric bimorphs called; “Piezo Bending ‎Actuators 427.0085.11Z” from Johnson Matthey, N42 ‎magnets, and some electrical parts such as; accelerometer, ‎shaker, HP 54601B oscilloscope used ‎in the ‏experimental setup‎. ‎
The results show, that the system frequency has ‎an inverse relationship with a gap between magnets, where the ‎frequency increases 100% as the distance decreases from 4.6mm ‎to 0.7 mm‏.‏‎ In addition, the amplitude of increases by 104% as ‎the gap decreases from 4.6mm to 0.7 mm. Also, the ‎production power and amplitude have an inverse relation ‎with the magnet distance. ‎Keywords: power harvester, magnetic gap, tuned magnetic force, piezoelectric, resonances.
Problems of Legal Regulation as in the Case of the Concept of “Artificial Intelligence”
Authors: Tarasov I. N. 
Published: January 2022

Numerous uses of the phrase “artificial intelligence” both in science and in legal regulation makes it impossible to carelessly and arbitrarily use this category when regulating public relations. It is this circumstance that forces us to address the problems of the conceptual and categorical apparatus and legal regulation of this category. In the paper, the author analyzes the existing approaches to the concept of artificial intelligence presented in the legal literature. The author shows that the genesis of any concept in law and outside of it is primarily related to our knowledge of the object, and concludes that it is impossible to reason about artificial intelligence in law until it is clearly defined in the technical fields of science.The author concludes that the incorporation of artificial intelligence into the ontology of law is possible within the framework of two main approaches. The conceptualist approach involves understanding the properties and knowledge about artificial intelligence as an object of the real world and the subsequent derivation of a legal definition based on this knowledge about the object. The regulatory approach is attributed to the fact that the legislator will assign artificial intelligence a certain legal status regardless of its actual properties and characteristics (by analogy with the assignment of real estate status to aircraft and ships). At the same time, without defining the approach, without analyzing the properties and characteristics of artificial intelligence as a technical and cultural phenomenon, discussions about preventive regulation are, in the author’s opinion, unfounded and not based on either science or law.
An analytical study of decomposed bodies during forensic autopsies
Authors: Rao Dinesh 
Published: January 2022

Decomposition is a Physico Chemical Changes are Naturally Occurring in the Dead Bodies, however there are many Human Factors which Facilitate the Process of Decomposition posing a Challenge to the forensic Pathologist in Identifying the cause of death and Manner of Death. To understand the Factors Responsible for Decomposition of Bodies and the Challenges posed to forensic pathologist from Decomposition of Bodies. This is a Retrospective Study done on Decomposed Bodies referred for Autopsy, in Two Regions, Jamaica and India ,over a period of Twelve years on 620cases. A Total of 620 cases of Decomposed bodies were Referred during this period of study out of 7456 cases. MalesContributed to 82.6%[n-512] of Decomposition cases. Maximum cases reported were in the 5th to 6th Decade.62.9% of the bodies were recovered from their pace of residence and they were lonely living individuals. in 88.4% of cases the Cause of Death was Natural. In 55.8% cases the Cause of Death were Undetermined due to effects of Decomposition. In 50.6% of Cases the Bodies showed Advanced Stage of Decomposition.
An autopsy study of ligature mark in 634 cases of suicidal hanging
Authors: Rao Dinesh 
Published: January 2022

In All Cases of Suspension Deaths, The Study of Ligature Mark form the Important Aspect of External Examination During Autopsy. The Character of Ligature Mark of Self Suspension is not well-defined. To Understand the Characteristic features of Ligature Marks in suicidal Hanging. The parameters studied were gender of victim, Knot Type and Its Position, the ligature mark with reference to its site, level, number, continuity and its Shape. Only Suicidal Hanging were included in the study. In Partial Hanging, The Major Position of the Ligature Mark, in 86% [n-153] cases was across the Thyroid Cartilage and was Nearly Horizontal in the Front. Wheras, In Complete Hanging Majority of the Ligature Mark, 92% [n-420], were situated above the Thyroid Cartilage. In 81% [n-369] of cases of Complete Hanging and 73% [n-130] of Partial Hanging, the Ligature Mark was Incomplete. In 38% [n-68] of Partial Hanging the Ligature Mark was Limited to the Front of the Neck whereas in 13% [n-59] of Complete Hanging it was limited to the Front of Neck. The Petechial Hemorrhages in Ligature Mark due to Complete hanging were Absent. A Slip Knot was used on 97.73% [n-620] of suspensions. In 78% [n-494] of Suspension the Position of the Knot was situated over the [Typical Hanging] Nape of Neck. This Study Highlights the Importance of Characteristic Features of Ligature Mark in Suicidal Hanging, with particular reference to Complete and Incomplete Hanging. The High Number of Cases Studied adds up to the Relevance of the Study.
The correlation between teacher's personality and level of student's anxiety
Authors: Rad Fetemeh Farahmand , Ferdosipour Atefeh 
Published: January 2022

School is one of the most important social-educational institutions and the main pillar of formal education. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between teachers’ personality and anxiety level of female students in Isar Elementary School, District 12, Tehran. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The population of this study included all-female teachers (N = 6) and all-female students (N = 180). Tehran during 2018–2019. 60 students answered the Spence Children Anxiety Scale and all teachers answered the Neo personality inventory through a simple random sampling method. Spss16 software was used for data analysis. The correlation test results indicated a correlation between teachers’ personality traits and students' anxiety, personality traits can predict anxiety. Furthermore, there was a significant inverse relationship between student agreeableness and anxiety. The paper concluded that as the level of conscientiousness increases, the students’ anxiety decreases.
Keywords: Personality traits, anxiety, teachers, female students, correlation.
SHARIA INSURANCE COMPANY BUSINESS MANAGEMENT MODEL IN THE DIGITAL 4.0 ERA
Authors: Oktafia Renny 
Published: January 2022

This study aims to determine how the business management model of Islamic insurance companies in the digital era 4.0. The research method used is a qualitative research method using the Grounded Theory approach. The results of this study explain that, in running the insurance business in the era of revolution 4.0 implementing a supporting system, it is a combination of four components, namely: insurance / financial literacy, network marketing, human technology, and digital technology. The four components are driven by three mechanisms, namely: digital funneling, learning models, gamification systems, to achieve targeted business results.
Keywords: Insurance Business, Sharia Insurance, Digital Technology
Digitalization and change in the global division of labor
Authors: Krzywdzinski Martin 
Published: January 2022

The contribution discusses the impact of digitalization approaches in industrial companies and their implications for the global division of labour and work. It proceeds by investigating the scope and character of automation and its impact on the relationship between production locations in high and low wage countries. Contrary to expectations frequently voiced in public discourse the author does not identify a major push in automation in manufacturing industries (that would make a reshoring of production viable), because digitalization strategies rather concern new paths of flexibilization than automation. The effects on the geographies of production of technological change, however, result in new strategies of specialization and modifications of industrial governance, namely a refined division of labour between innovation-intensive production sites and their counterparts in the periphery.
(The contribution is submitted in German language)