bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors Associated with Low Back Pain among Pregnant Women in Pakistan
Authors: Amjad Farwa , Awais Mubeen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background: Low back pain is a common musculoskeletal condition characterized by axial or parasagittal pain in the lower lumbar region that can occur during pregnancy. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the risk factors related to low backache among women during pregnancy. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 148 pregnant women. A questionnaire used to gather demographic information, patients’ characteristics, standard of living and incidence was designed for the study. Visual analogue scale was used to measure the severity of pain while the Roland Morris disability questionnaire was used to determine the effects of low back pain on activities of daily life in pregnant women. Results: Low back pain in previous pregnancies has a strong association with the onset of low back pain (p=0.001). Women who experienced backache during menstruation was least expected to have low back pain. (p<0.001). Women who were younger at age were more prone to have low backache (p=0.001). According to the Roland-Morris disability questionnaire 60% of pregnant women with LBP experienced mild disability, 30% of pregnant women with low back pain experienced moderate disability and only 10% of them experienced severe disability. Conclusion: Factors that have great impact on occurrence of backache during pregnancy are lack of physical activity, back pain during menstruation, younger age, and occurrence of low back pain in previous pregnancies. Most women with low back pain experienced mild to moderate disability during pregnancy.
*Corresponding Author: Farwa Amjad, University Institute of Physical Therapy, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; Email: 70101376@student.uol.edu.pk
Citation: Amjad F. 2021. Risk factors associated with low back pain among pregnant women in Pakistan. The healer Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, 1(2):49-57.
La Estrategia Competitiva en la Cadena de Comercialización de Productos Agroexportables
Authors: Alponte Montoya Alberto Miguel 
Published: April 2022

Resumen
El sector de agricultura del país carece de herramientas de gestión para lograr sostenibilidad de abastecer mercados internacionales ante este panorama se ve conveniente que los agricultores o productores, deben aplicar estrategias para mejorar la producción con la visión de exportación. En la actualidad el sector de agricultura, presentan carencias	de	estrategias competitivas orientadas para afrontar a las actividades que se presenta en la cadena de comercialización para exportación. Por los siguientes motivos: i) el agricultor no recibe información confiable para desarrollar el cultivo, solo se guía por el precio que tiene en el mercado, teniendo el pensamiento “si tiene buen precio, siembro el producto”; ii) el agricultor no tiene herramientas ni conocimientos para negociar con el mercado nacional e internacional; iii) el agricultor no prioriza la calidad de la producción; iv) el agricultor recién muestra interés de vender la producción, justo antes de la cosecha. El mercado internacional solicita producto en donde enfatizan elementos como son la calidad y volumen, ante ello solo las grandes empresas agroexportadoras pueden cumplir con la exigencia, pero el resto de la agricultura que desea exportar se les dificulta poder llegar a ese requerimiento. Al aplicar una estrategia como es el caso específico de homogenizar los cultivos en una determinada época del año, con el objetivo de incrementar el volumen de producción y de esta manera ofertar en el mercado internacional, por consecuencia abarcando más mercados potenciales se podría cumplir con un elemento que es el volumen de exportación que el mercado demanda. Por lo tanto, es importante que las empresas o el sector agrícola busquen aplicar mecanismos para concretar la calidad de la producción, respaldado por un adecuado asesoramiento permanente de profesional especialista en gestionar y controlar un adecuado manejo del cultivo, el elemento de la calidad es una cualidad que tiene injerencia en el precio, en consecuencia, también en la oportunidad de mercado que puede tener el agricultor.
FEMINICÍDIO E LEI MARIA DA PENHA: UMA ANÁLISE DOS INSTRUMENTOS DE ENFRENTAMENTO À VIOLÊNCIA DE GÊNERO NO BRASIL
Authors: Silva Monise Priscila 
Published: April 2022

A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar os instrumentos de enfrentamento à violência de gênero no Brasil, com base no contexto atual, marcado pelo aumento da violência contra a mulher e grande número de casos de feminicídio, embora a Lei nº 11.340/2006 – Lei Maria da Penha – seja considerada uma das melhores e mais eficientes do mundo no que se refere ao tema. Assim, buscou-se compreender o objeto de pesquisa através da revisão bibliográfica, realizada em artigos científicos publicados sobre o assunto, doutrina jurídica e legislações atinentes ao tema. O método qualitativo foi empregado para discussão dos dados encontrados e o método dedutivo foi utilizado para chegar às conclusões, partindo-se das informações gerais analisadas até as específicas. Em um primeiro momento, pretende-se apresentar um contexto histórico com breves apontamentos sobre a violência de gênero no Brasil. Posteriormente, o objetivo é tecer uma discussão teórica sobre aspectos relevantes da Lei Maria da Penha e seu impacto nos casos de feminicídio na atualidade, fazendo uma análise dos dados encontrados. Por fim, a partir da discussão apresentada e levando em consideração os direitos fundamentais das mulheres, são propostas soluções para melhoria do atual cenário de violência de gênero que tanto assola a sociedade e vitimiza inúmeras mulheres diariamente.

Palavras-chave: Violência de gênero. Lei Maria da Penha. Feminicídio.
New built-in tools for extending the Planning C language
Authors: Pekunov Vladimir Viktorovich 
Published: April 2022

In this paper, the problem of developing language extensions of Planning C (a dialect of C++) is considered. The review of existing external programs and solutions built into languages that allow translating new constructions introduced into the language into the output code is carried out. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that the most natural solution built into the language will be some combination of improved regular expressions (to highlight new constructions) with code generators based on procedural and syntactic macros. At the same time, it is advisable to use elements of direct logical programming (both in macros and in regular, more precisely, regular-logical expressions). The proposed approach makes it possible to more flexibly allocate replaceable constructs in comparison with template approaches and more simply replace them with output code in comparison with approaches based on manipulations with the syntax tree. The syntax and semantics of the proposed solutions are described. A preprocessing scheme is proposed that implements the selection of initial constructions by scanners (groups of parameterized regular logical expressions) and their replacement with output code implemented by deductive macromodules (with possible multiple matching). This scheme allows you to work with arbitrary input and output syntaxes and provides prompt input of new constructions into Planning C, which is especially valuable, for example, when prototyping new extensions. The paper contains information about the successful testing of the proposed approaches (on the development of a number of syntactically non-trivial extensions of Planning C).
Effect of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertigation Schedules on Plant Growth Parameters and Fertilizer Use Efficiency of Sunflower
Authors: Preethika Reddy K. , Uma Devi M. , Ramulu V. , Madhavi M. 
Published: April 2022

A field experiment was conducted at Water Technology Centre, College farm, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad with sunflower (variety DRSH-1) during rabi 2017-18 in a randomized block design with three replications and the treatments were nine with combinations of N (75 kg ha-1) and K (30 kg ha-1) fertilizers applied by fertigation through ventury at different intervals viz., 3 days and 4 days. Drip irrigation was scheduled once in 2 days at 0.8 E pan. Fertigation was imposed at 16 DAS to 88 DAS and completed in 19 and 10 splits in 4 and 8 days interval respectively. The source of N and K fertilizers was urea and potassium sulphate respectively. The soil was sandy clay loam in texture, alkaline in reaction, non saline, low in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and potassium. The amount of total irrigation water applied was 3188 m3 and 4666 m3 in drip irrigation and furrow irrigation treatments, respectively. The N and K fertigation (75-30 kg N-K2O ha-1) at 4 days interval has recorded relatively higher plant growth parameters like number of leaves plant-1 (25.5), plant height (208 cm), SPAD Chlorophyll Meter Reading (55.7), leaf area index (3.5) and dry matter (158.1 g m-2) which were on par with N and K at 8 days interval.
Higher N-FUE (12.8 kg seed yield / nutrient applied) and K-FUE (25.6 kg seed yield / kg nutrient applied) was recorded in application of N+K at 4 days interval.
Stable α‐FAPbI3 in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency Exceeding 22% via a Self‐Passivation Strategy
Authors: Zhang Diwei , Zhang Huidong , Guo Huanxin , Ye Fangyuan , Liu Shuaijun , Wu Yongzhen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFormamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) has endowed power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) up to 25.5% in regular‐structured perovskite solar cells (PSCs) because of its optimal bandgap and enhanced thermal stability. However, the performance of FAPbI3‐based inverted‐structured PSCs is unsatisfactory. Herein, four kinds of commonly used hole transport materials (HTMs) are selected, including PEDOT:PSS, PTAA, NiOx, and MeO‐2PACz, to study their impact on the methylamine chloride (MACl)‐assisted one‐step deposition of FAPbI3 films. It is found that MeO‐2PACz is the optimal substrate for stabilizing black‐phase FAPbI3 and the corresponding inverted‐structured PSCs show the best photovoltaic performance. Nonetheless, the PCE is restricted by low open‐circuit voltage (VOC) due to non‐radiative recombination caused by MACl residues. Therefore, homologous PbI2 in situ passivation is implemented to passivate defects at grain boundaries. The addition of excess PbI2 in precursor solution remarkably decreases charge trap densities and elongates carrier lifetimes. As a result, the optimized device achieves an impressive PCE of 22.13%, which is the highest efficiency of FAPbI3 based on inverted‐structured PSCs. Moreover, the best device exhibits free hysteresis and excellent long‐term stability, maintaining 92% of the initial PCEs after 800 h aging under ambient conditions.
Smart Shape‐Memory Polymeric String for the Contraction of Blood Vessels in Fetal Surgery of Sacrococcygeal Teratoma
Authors: Fulati Ailifeire , Uto Koichiro , Iwanaga Masanobu , Watanabe Miho , Ebara Mitsuhiro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractShape‐memory polymers (SMPs) are promising materials in numerous emerging biomedical applications owing to their unique shape‐memory characteristics. However, simultaneous realization of high strength, toughness, stretchability while maintaining high shape fixity (Rf) and shape recovery ratio (Rr) remains a challenge that hinders their practical applications. Herein, a novel shape‐memory polymeric string (SMP string) that is ultra‐stretchable (up to 1570%), strong (up to 345 MPa), tough (up to 237.9 MJ m−3), and highly recoverable (Rf averagely above 99.5%, Rr averagely above 99.1%) through a facile approach fabricated solely by tetra‐branched poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) is reported. Notably, the shape‐memory contraction force (up to 7.97 N) of this SMP string is customizable with the manipulation of their energy storage capacity by adjusting the string thickness and stretchability. In addition, this SMP string displays a controllable shape‐memory response time and demonstrates excellent shape‐memory‐induced contraction effect against both rigid silicone tubes and porcine carotids. This novel SMP string is envisioned to be applied in the contraction of blood vessels and resolves the difficulties in the restriction of blood flow in minimally invasive surgeries such as fetoscopic surgery of sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT).
Halide Perovskite Crystallization Processes and Methods in Nanocrystals, Single Crystals, and Thin Films
Authors: Gao Qiaojiao , Qi Jianhang , Chen Kai , Xia Minghao , Hu Yue , Mei Anyi , Han Hongwei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHalide perovskite semiconductors with extraordinary optoelectronic properties have been fascinatedly studied. Halide perovskite nanocrystals, single crystals, and thin films have been prepared for various fields, such as light emission, light detection, and light harvesting. High‐performance devices rely on high crystal quality determined by the nucleation and crystal growth process. Here, the fundamental understanding of the crystallization process driven by supersaturation of the solution is discussed and the methods for halide perovskite crystals are summarized. Supersaturation determines the proportion and the average Gibbs free energy changes for surface and volume molecular units involved in the spontaneous aggregation, which could be stable in the solution and induce homogeneous nucleation only when the solution exceeds a required minimum critical concentration (Cmin). Crystal growth and heterogeneous nucleation are thermodynamically easier than homogeneous nucleation due to the existent surfaces. Nanocrystals are mainly prepared via the nucleation‐dominated process by rapidly increasing the concentration over Cmin, single crystals are mainly prepared via the growth‐dominated process by keeping the concentration between solubility and Cmin, while thin films are mainly prepared by compromising the nucleation and growth processes to ensure compactness and grain sizes. Typical strategies for preparing these three forms of halide perovskites are also reviewed.
Flexible Supercapacitor with a Pure DNA Gel Electrolyte
Authors: Mitta Sekhar Babu , Harpalsinh Rana , Kim Jeonghun , Park Ho Seok , Um Soong Ho 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDue to the demand for next‐generation green wearable and flexible energy storage devices, gel‐based electrolytes are attracting much attention as a key part of this system, but existing materials are problematic because of their low performance. It is necessary to maintain the function of the material by allowing it to be bent in the form of amorphous gels, easily manufactured in large quantities without toxic chemical binders used in everyday life. Here, a new storage device driven by a genetic DNA gel electrolyte is presented. The DNA gel is amorphous and intrinsically high‐electrostatic. The separator‐free device for a supercapacitor exhibits a high ionic conductivity with excellent mechanical integrity and demonstrates a maximum specific capacitance superior to liquid and other gel electrolytes. In LED lighting, the DNA gel supercapacitor (D‐gel‐SC) with higher flexibility delivers maximum energy and power density. It can even survive harsh environmental conditions without further degradation in performance. This material is promising for use as a core material for new energy storage devices.
Bioinspired Sialic Acid Regulated Ion Nanochannel
Authors: Lu Wenqi , Li Minmin , Xiong Yuting , Sun Wenjing , Yang Hang , Qin Haijuan , Xiao Jie , Zhang Fusheng , Song Mengyuan , Wang Xue , Qing Guangyan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHuman perception is inextricably linked to numerous ion channels, and sodium channel is one of the important ion channels. Sialic acid‐terminated glycan chains are commonly found on the surface of the sodium channel, which can induce the channel surface depolarization and thus contribute a regulation mechanism for the closing and opening (i.e., “ON” and “OFF”) of the sodium channel. However, the development of artificial ion channel to achieve precise regulation remains a challenging task. In this work, taking advantage of the conformational change of smart polymer from a contracted state to a swollen one, a functional polymer‐modified ion nanochannel is demonstrated that shows the free sialic acid‐responsive “ON” to “OFF” regulation in ion flow through the nanochannel. Furthermore, the distinct recognition interactions of the polymer toward different sialic acids allow for the nanochannel to exhibit the highly selective and sensitive recognition of them. This work provides a biomimetic perspective to understand the regulation of biological ion channel, but also presents the application scenarios in the analysis of sialic acids and sialylated glycans, as well as the capture of metastatic tumor cells.
Printable Electrolytes: Tuning 3D‐Printing by Multiple Hydrogen Bonds and Added Inorganic Lithium‐Salts
Authors: Rupp Harald , Bhandary Rajesh , Kulkarni Amit , Binder Wolfgang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHere, the 3D‐printing of supramolecular polymer electrolytes is reported, able to be manufactured via 3D‐printing processes, additionally dynamically compensating for volume changes. A careful mechanical design, in addition to rheological effects observed for different additives to the electrolyte, is investigated and adjusted, in order to achieve printability via an extrusion process to generate a conductive electrode material. Qudruple‐hydrogen bonds (UPy) act as supramolecular entities for the desired dynamic properties to adjust printability, in addition to added LiTFSi‐salts to achieve ionic conductivities of ≈10–4 S cm–1 at T = 80 °C. Three different telechelic UPy‐PEO/PPO‐UPy‐polymers with molecular weights ranging from Mn = 600–1500 g mol−1 were investigated in view of their 3D‐printability by FDM‐processes. It is found that there are three effects counterbalancing the rheological properties of the polymers: besides temperatures, which can be used as a known tool to adjust melt‐rheology, also the addition of lithium‐salts in junction with the polymers crystallinity exerts a major toolbox to 3D‐print these electrolytes. Using specific compositions with Li/EO‐ratios from 20:1, 10:1, and 5:1, the rheological profile can be adjusted to reach the required printability window. AT‐IR‐investigations clearly indicate a weakening of the UPy‐bonds by the added Li+ ions, in addition to a reduction of the crystallinity of the PEO‐units, further changing the rheological profile. The so generated electrolytes are printable systems for novel electrolytes.
In‐Plane Twinning Defects in Hexagonal GeSb2Te4
Authors: Wang Jiang‐Jing , Zhang Hang‐Ming , Wang Xu‐Dong , Lu Lu , Jia Chunlin , Zhang Wei , Mazzarello Riccardo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGe–Sb–Te (GST) alloys are an important family of phase‐change materials employed in non‐volatile memories and neuromorphic devices. Conventional memory cells based on GST rely on the switching between an amorphous state and a metastable, disordered rocksalt‐like phase. Recently, however, it has been proposed that a special type of defect in layer‐structured GST—the so called “swapped bilayer” defect—is responsible for a novel phase‐change mechanism observed in GST‐based superlattices. Thus, disorder appears to play an important role in both types of switching mechanisms. Here, the observation of a new in‐plane twinning defect in hexagonal GeSb2Te4 by direct atomic‐scale imaging experiments is reported, which serves as the key ingredient to account for the abundance of inverted stacking faults in hexagonal GST and superlattices. Ab initio simulations reveal a low energy cost for these extended defects, and indicate that such defects can affect the electrical properties by inducing electron localization. This work provides additional insight into the nature and effects of structural disorder in GST phase‐change materials.
Chemiexcitation‐Triggered Prodrug Activation for Targeted Carbon Monoxide Delivery
Authors: Min Qingqiang , Ni Zihui , You Meng , Liu Miao , Zhou Zhou , Ke Hengte , Ji Xingyue 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPhotolysis‐based prodrug strategy can address some critical drug delivery issues, which otherwise are very challenging to tackle with traditional prodrug strategy. However, the need for external light irradiation significantly hampers its in vivo application due to the poor light accessibility of deep tissue. Herein, we propose a new strategy of chemiexcitation‐triggered prodrug activation, wherein a photoresponsive prodrug is excited for drug payload release by chemiexcitation instead of photoirradiation. As such, the bond‐cleavage power of photolysis can be employed to address some critical drug delivery issues while obviating the need for external light irradiation. We have established the proof of concept by the successful development of a chemiexcitation responsive carbon monoxide delivery platform, which exhibited specific CO release at the tumor site and pronounced tumor suppression effects. We anticipate that such a concept of chemiexcitation‐triggered prodrug activation can be leveraged for the targeted delivery of other small molecule‐based drug payloads.
Rational Design of Silicon‐Based Zinc Ionophores
Authors: Yamada Kei , Deb Arghya , Shoba Veronika M. , Lim Donghyun , Maji Basudeb , Modell Ashley E. , Choudhary Amit 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIonophores transport ions across biological membranes and have wide‐ranging applications, but a platform for their rapid development does not exist. We report a platform for developing ionophores from metal‐ion chelators, which are readily available with wide‐ranging affinities and specificities, and structural data that can aid rational design. Specifically, we fine‐tuned the binding affinity and lipophilicity of a ZnII‐chelating ligand by introducing silyl groups proximal to the ZnII‐binding pocket, which generated ionophores that performed better than most of the currently known ZnII ionophores. Furthermore, these silicon‐based ionophores were specific for ZnII over other metals and exhibited better antibacterial activity and less toxicity to mammalian cells than several known ZnII ionophores, including pyrithione. These studies establish rational design principles for the rapid development of potent and specific ionophores and a new class of antibacterial agents.