bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current approaches to management of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: Goel Utkarsh , Usmani Saad , Kumar Shaji 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMajor developments in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) over the past decade have led to a continued improvement in survival. Significant progress has been made with deeper and longer remissions seen with newer treatment approaches—both for induction as well as maintenance therapy. The treatment approach to MM is guided by several factors including patient age, frailty, comorbidities, eligibility for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), and risk stratification into standard‐risk or high‐risk MM. High‐risk MM is defined by the presence of t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20), del (17p), TP53 mutation, or gain (1q). Transplant eligible patients should receive 4–6 cycles of induction followed by stem cell collection. Patients can then undergo ASCT, or continue induction therapy and shift to maintenance, delaying ASCT till first relapse. Transplant ineligible patients should receive induction therapy followed by maintenance. For induction therapy prior to ASCT, a proteasome inhibitor‐IMiD combination remains standard with monoclonal antibody‐based quadruplets preferred in high‐risk patients. Among transplant ineligible patients, those with standard‐risk MM should receive DRd continued until disease progression, while bortezomib containing regimens (VRd or VRd lite) can be considered for high‐risk patients. Finally, standard‐risk patients should receive lenalidomide maintenance after induction/ASCT, while proteasome inhibitor‐IMiD combinations should be used for high‐risk patients.
Using advanced racial and ethnic identity demographics to improve surveillance of work‐related conditions in an occupational clinic setting
Authors: Montoya‐Barthelemy Andre G. , Leniek Karyn , Bannister Emily , Rushing Marcus , Abrar Fozia A. , Baumann Tobias E. , Manly Madeleine , Wilhelm Jonathan , Niece Ashley , Riester Scott , Kim Hyun , Sellman Jonathan , Desai Jay , Anderson Paul J. , Bovard Ralph S. , Pronk Nicolas P. , McKinney Zeke J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough racial and ethnic identities are associated with a multitude of disparate medical outcomes, surveillance of these subpopulations in the occupational clinic setting could benefit enormously from a more detailed and nuanced recognition of racial and ethnic identity.MethodsThe research group designed a brief questionnaire to capture several dimensions of this identity and collected data from patients seen for work‐related conditions in four occupational medicine clinics from May 2019 through March 2020. Responses were used to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of extant racial/ethnic identity data within our electronic health records system, and were compared to participants' self‐reported industry and occupation, coded according to North American Industry Classification System and Standard Occupational Classification System listings.ResultsOur questionnaire permitted collection of data that defined our patients' specific racial/ethnic identity with far greater detail, identified patients with multiple ethnic identities, and elicited their preferred language. Response rate was excellent (94.2%, n = 773). Non‐White participants frequently selected a racial/ethnic subcategory (78.1%–92.2%). Using our race/ethnicity data as a referent, the electronic health record (EHR) had a high specificity (>87.1%), widely variable sensitivity (11.8%–82.2%), and poorer response rates (75.1% for race, 82.5% for ethnicity, as compared to 93.8% with our questionnaire). Additional analyses revealed some industries and occupations disproportionately populated by patients of particular racial/ethnic identities.ConclusionsOur project demonstrates the usefulness of a questionnaire which more effectively identifies racial/ethnic subpopulations in an occupational medicine clinic, permitting far more detailed characterization of their occupations, industries, and diagnoses.
A Bayesian perspective on Biogen's aducanumab trial
Authors: Temp Anna G. M. , Ly Alexander , van Doorn Johnny , Wagenmakers Eric‐Jan , Tang Yi , Lutz Michael W. , Teipel Stefan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis perspective is a companion to a recent editorial on the use of Bayesian analysis in clinical research. We aim to introduce and highlight the relevance and advantages that Bayesian inference offers to clinical trials using the data on the amyloid antibody aducanumab presented at a Food and Drug Administration hearing in November 2020 as an applied example. We apply Bayesian analysis of model plausibility and effect sizes based on simulated data of the two phase 3 trials of aducanumab in prodromal and mild dementia stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Bayesian analysis can quantify evidence in favor of, or against, the presence of an effect (i.e., provide evidence of absence), as well as assess the strength of the effect. This is in contrast to the binary conclusions provided by frequentist tests.
Photoluminescence and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Revealing Visible Emission of ZnO Quantum Dots
Authors: Kim Hong Hee , Lee Heebin , Kang Jeung Ku , Choi Won Kook 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBoth PL and EPR are simultaneously adopted to systematically elucidate the defect centers of green luminescence (GL) as well as the EPR peak g = 1.96 of ZnO and the relationship between them. The PL of ZnO QDs reveals that GL of 2.21–2.31 eV disappears at excitation wavelengths > 400 nm. This is related to the electronic transition from conduction band (CB), or shallow donor defect centers, to deep defects of VZn‐H complexes at ≈0.9 eV above the valence band (VB). The EPR peak g = 1.96 emerged only when irradiated with light shorter than 400 nm, which is explicitly correlated with the electrons trapped in the CB or the shallow donors participating in the GL. A spin‐spin relaxation time (T2) estimated from the peak‐to‐peak line width ΔHpp in the EPR signal is ≈17.5–52.5 ns, which is two orders of magnitude longer than known values for bulk or thin‐film ZnO.
Controllable Dispersive Wave Radiation from Pearcey Gaussian Pulses
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Li Haozhe , Wang Zhiteng , Chen Changshui , Zhang Lifu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe process of dispersive waves (DWs) emitted from unique Pearcey Gaussian (PG) pulses with both temporal and spectral asymmetric shapes in the anomalous dispersion region of optical fiber is investigated. In contrast to symmetric pulses such as fundamental soliton (Sech) or Gaussian, the radiation amplitude and energy conversion efficiency of DWs are significantly improved by adjusting the asymmetry of the spectral distribution and the temporal oscillation structure of PG pulses. It is shown that, for the case of PG pulses, the minimum value of third‐order dispersion parameter required for the emergence of DWs emission is nearly reduced 50% compared with the case of symmetric pulses. It is also shown that the radiation frequency of DWs emitted from PG pulses can be predicted by a modified phase matching condition. The theoretical predictions are in good agreement with the numerical simulations. The impact of Raman scattering effects on the DWs emission is also disclosed. The results of this study clearly reveal the impact of the inherent behaviors of PG pulses on the DWs emission, which should be relevant for applications requiring broadband light sources based on the mechanism of DWs emission.
Structural Basis for the Prenylation Reaction of Carbazole‐Containing Natural Products Catalyzed by Squalene Synthase‐Like Enzymes
Authors: Nagata Ryuhei , Suemune Hironori , Kobayashi Masaya , Shinada Tetsuro , Shin‐ya Kazuo , Nishiyama Makoto , Hino Tomoya , Sato Yusuke , Kuzuyama Tomohisa , Nagano Shingo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSome enzymes annotated as squalene synthase catalyze the prenylation of carbazole‐3,4‐quinone‐containing substrates in bacterial secondary metabolism. Their reaction mechanisms remain unclear because of their low sequence similarity to well‐characterized aromatic substrate prenyltransferases (PTs). We determined the crystal structures of the carbazole PTs, and these revealed that the overall structure is well superposed on those of squalene synthases. In contrast, the stacking interaction between the prenyl donor and acceptor substrates resembles those observed in aromatic substrate PTs. Structural and mutational analyses suggest that the Ile and Asp residues are essential for the hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions with the carbazole‐3,4‐quinone moiety of the prenyl acceptor, respectively, and a deprotonation mechanism of an intermediary σ‐complex involving a catalytic triad is proposed. Our results provide a structural basis for a new subclass of aromatic substrate PTs.
Hierarchically Nanostructured Solid‐State Electrolyte for Flexible Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Xu Mi , Dou Haozhen , Zhang Zhen , Zheng Yun , Ren Bohua , Ma Qianyi , Wen Guobin , Luo Dan , Yu Aiping , Zhang Luhong , Wang Xin , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe construction of safe and environmentally‐benign solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) with intrinsic hydroxide ion‐conduction for flexible zinc–air batteries is highly desirable yet extremely challenging. Herein, hierarchically nanostructured CCNF‐PDIL SSEs with reinforced concrete architecture are constructed by nanoconfined polymerization of dual‐cation ionic liquid (PDIL, concrete) within a robust three‐dimensional porous cationic cellulose nanofiber matrix (CCNF, reinforcing steel), where plenty of penetrating ion‐conductive channels are formed and undergo dynamic self‐rearrangement under different hydrated levels. The CCNF‐PDIL SSEs synchronously exhibit good flexibility, mechanical robustness, superhigh ion conductivity of 286.5 mS cm−1, and decent water uptake. The resultant flexible solid‐state zinc–air batteries deliver a high‐power density of 135 mW cm−2, a specific capacity of 775 mAh g−1 and an ultralong cycling stability with continuous operation of 240 hours for 720 cycles, far outperforming those of the state‐of‐the‐art solid‐state batteries. The marriage of biomaterials with the diversity of ionic liquids creates enormous opportunities to construct advanced SSEs for solid‐state batteries.
Modification of Nitrate Ion Enables Stable Solid Electrolyte Interphase in Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Hou Li‐Peng , Yao Nan , Xie Jin , Shi Peng , Sun Shu‐Yu , Jin Cheng‐Bin , Chen Cheng‐Meng , Liu Quan‐Bing , Li Bo‐Quan , Zhang Xue‐Qiang , Zhang Qiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe lifespan of high‐energy‐density lithium metal batteries (LMBs) is hindered by heterogeneous solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The rational design of electrolytes is strongly considered to obtain uniform SEI in working batteries. Herein, a modification of nitrate ion (NO3−) is proposed and validated to improve the homogeneity of the SEI in practical LMBs. NO3−is connected to an ether‐based moiety to form isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) to break the resonance structure of NO3−and improve the reducibility. The decomposition of non‐resonant −NO3in ISDN enriches SEI with abundant LiNxOyand induces uniform lithium deposition. Lithium–sulfur batteries with ISDN additives deliver a capacity retention of 83.7 % for 100 cycles compared with rapid decay with LiNO3after 55 cycles. Moreover, lithium–sulfur pouch cells with ISDN additives provide a specific energy of 319 Wh kg−1and undergo 20 cycles. This work provides a realistic reference in designing additives to modify the SEI for stabilizing LMBs.
Quasi‐2D Bilayer Surface Passivation for High Efficiency Narrow Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yu Danni , Wei Qi , Li Hansheng , Xie Junhan , Jiang Xianyuan , Pan Ting , Wang Hao , Pan Mengling , Zhou Wenjia , Liu Weimin , Chow Philip C. Y. , Ning Zhijun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe combination of comprehensive surface passivation and effective interface carriers transfer plays a critical role in high‐performance perovskite solar cells. A 2D structure is an important approach for surface passivation of perovskite film, however, its large band gap could compromise carrier transfer. Herein, we synthesize a new molecule 2‐thiopheneethylamine thiocyanate (TEASCN) for the construction of bilayer quasi‐2D structure precisely on a tin‐lead mixed perovskite surface. This bilayer structure can passivate the perovskite surface and ensure effective carriers transfer simultaneously. As a result, the open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of the device is increased without sacrificing short‐circuit current density (Jsc), giving rise to a high certified efficiency from a credible third‐party certification of narrow band gap perovskite solar cells. Furthermore, theoretical simulation indicates that the inclusion of TEASCN makes the bilayer structure thermodynamically more stable, which provides a strategy to tailor the number of layers of quasi‐2D perovskite structures.
Recent Progress of Cyanine Fluorophores for NIR‐II Sensing and Imaging
Authors: Zhou Hui‐Jie , Ren Tian‐Bing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe cyanine fluorophores, a kind of classic organic fluorophores, are famous for their high extinction coefficient, simple synthetic route, and relatively long absorption and emission wavelengths. Moreover, the excellent biocompatibility and low toxicity in biological samples make cyanine fluorophores show excellent application value in the biomedical field, especially in Near‐Infrared II (NIR‐II) sensing and imaging. In this review, we briefly outline the history, characteristics, and current state of development of cyanine fluorophores. In particular, we described the application of cyanine fluorophores in NIR‐II sensing and imaging. We hope this review can help researchers grab the latest information in the fast‐growing field of cyanine fluorophores for NIR‐II sensing and imaging.
Do subseasonal forecasts take advantage of Madden–Julian oscillation windows of opportunity?
Authors: Specq Damien , Batté Lauriane 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study proposes an objective methodology to highlight windows of opportunity in a numerical subseasonal forecasting system. The methodology is based on a contingency table and is applied to the prediction of heavy tropical precipitation by the European Centre for Medium‐range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) subseasonal‐to‐seasonal (S2S) reforecasts in the November‐to‐April season, in relation with the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO). As a slowly propagating signal of enhanced convection, the MJO may indicate favorable conditions for heavy precipitation a few weeks ahead in some tropical areas. The combined knowledge of these climatological impacts and the current phase of the MJO at initialization defines observation‐based “climatological windows of opportunity.” We then investigate whether the ECMWF S2S forecasts are indeed more performant when there is increased likelihood of heavy rainfall, that is, whether the model converts “climatological windows of opportunity” into “model windows of opportunity.” Our results show that, by Week 2, this is only verified for a limited number of tropical areas, mostly located in the western Pacific and Africa. Meanwhile, failures to seize the opportunities lie in misplaced MJO impacts, signal loss, or too many false alarms.
Importance of Mass Transport in High Energy Density Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries Under Lean Electrolyte Conditions
Authors: Li Shanglin , Ishikawa Shota , Liu Jiali , Ueno Kazuhide , Dokko Kaoru , Inoue Gen , Watanabe Masayoshi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe operation of a lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) battery under lean electrolyte conditions is essential for enhancing the energy density to a practical level. It is rather challenging to reduce the amount of electrolyte in Li−S cells because the discharge reactions of sulfur (Li2Sx formation: x=8−1) occur via a fully dissolution/precipitation conversion mechanism in conventional electrolyte solutions. Therefore, the use of sparingly solvating electrolytes has been reported as an effective method to reduce the electrolyte content in Li−S cells. However, the majority of related research to date has been based on the use of an excess amount of electrolyte and low S loading. In this study, we investigated the performance of Li−S cells using cathodes with a relatively high S loading (>4 mg cm−2) under lean electrolyte conditions of sparingly solvating electrolytes. The products of inhomogeneous discharge reactions occurring at the separator side in the Li−S cell cathodes blocked the void spaces of the cathode, and the porosity of the cathode decreased due to the expansion of the active material. In addition, the ion pathway toward the interior parts of the electrode (close to the current collector) was hindered, and further discharge reactions were inhibited. The inhomogeneous discharge reactions could be alleviated by enhancing the transport properties of the electrolyte and adequately maintaining the porous structure of the cathode by incorporating an additive in it. The effects of these changes on the Li−S cell performance were also further confirmed by numerical simulations.
Default mode network connectivity and treatment response in geriatric depression
Authors: Kilpatrick Lisa A. , Krause‐Sorio Beatrix , Siddarth Prabha , Narr Katherine L. , Lavretsky Helen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesDefault mode network (DMN) connectivity is altered in depression. We evaluated the relationship between changes in within‐network DMN connectivity and improvement in depression in a subsample of our parent clinical trial comparing escitalopram/memantine (ESC/MEM) to escitalopram/placebo (ESC/PBO) in older depressed adults (NCT01902004).MethodsTwenty‐six participants with major depression (age > 60 years) and subjective memory complaints underwent treatment with ESC/MEM (n = 13) or ESC/PBO (n = 13), and completed baseline and 3‐month follow‐up resting state magnetic resonance imaging scans. Multi‐block partial least squares correlation analysis was used to evaluate the impact of treatment on within‐network DMN connectivity changes and their relationship with symptom improvement at 3 months (controlling for age and sex).ResultsA significant latent variable was identified, reflecting within‐network DMN connectivity changes correlated with symptom improvement (p = .01). Specifically, although overall group differences in within‐network DMN connectivity changes failed to reach significance, increased within‐network connectivity of posterior/lateral DMN regions (precuneus, angular gyrus, superior/middle temporal cortex) was more strongly and positively correlated with symptom improvement in the ESC/MEM group (r = 0.97, 95% confidence interval: 0.86–0.98) than in the ESC/PBO group (r = 0.36, 95% confidence interval: 0.13–0.72).ConclusionsIncreased within‐network connectivity of core DMN nodes was more strongly correlated with depressive symptom improvement with ESC/MEM than with ESC/PBO, supporting an improved engagement of brain circuitry implicated in the amelioration of depressive symptoms with combined ESC/MEM treatment in older adults with depression and subjective memory complaints.
Circadian rhythms of blood pressure in hypertensive patients with cerebral microbleeds
Authors: Chen Yang‐Kun , Liang Wen‐Cong , Yuan Shu‐Lan , Ni Zhuo‐Xin , Li Wei , Liu Yong‐Lin , Qu Jian‐Feng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhether the circadian rhythms of blood pressure (BP) contribute to the presence of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) remains unknown. This study aimed to assess the relationship between nocturnal BP and CMBs in hypertensive patients.MethodsThis prospective case‐control study recruited 51 hypertensive patients with CMBs and 51 hypertensive patients without CMBs, matched with age and gender, serving as controls. A 24‐h ambulatory BP monitoring was conducted in all subjects. Differences in ambulatory BP parameters between the two groups were compared. Logistic regression analyzes were conducted to investigate the relationship between the ambulatory BP parameters and presence of CMBs.ResultsPatients with CMBs had a significant higher nocturnal mean SBP and lower relative nocturnal SBP dipping rate. Two logistic models were constructed to explore the association between ABPM indices and the presence of CMBs, adjusted with history of ischemic stroke and smoking. In model 1, higher nocturnal mean SBP positively correlated with presence of CMBs [standardized β = 0.254, odds ratio (OR) = 1.029, p = .041]. In model 2, the relative nocturnal SBP dipping rate was negatively correlated with CMBs (standardized β = −.363, OR = 0.918, p = .007). Only patients with deep CMBs had significant higher nocturnal mean SBP and lower relative nocturnal SBP dipping rate in comparison with those without CMBs.ConclusionsHigher nocturnal SBP and lower relative nocturnal SBP dipping rate may be associated with CMBs in hypertensive patients.
The Fibrillin‐1/VEGFR2/STAT2 signaling axis promotes chemoresistance via modulating glycolysis and angiogenesis in ovarian cancer organoids and cells
Authors: Wang Ziliang , Chen Wei , Zuo Ling , Xu Midie , Wu Yong , Huang Jiami , Zhang Xu , Li Yongheng , Wang Jing , Chen Jing , Wang Husheng , Sun Huizhen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundChemotherapy resistance is a primary reason of ovarian cancer therapy failure; hence it is important to investigate the underlying mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance and develop novel potential therapeutic targets.MethodsRNA sequencing of cisplatin‐resistant and ‐sensitive (chemoresistant and chemosensitive, respectively) ovarian cancer organoids was performed, followed by detection of the expression level of fibrillin‐1 (FBN1) in organoids and clinical specimens of ovarian cancer. Subsequently, glucose metabolism, angiogenesis, and chemosensitivity were analyzed in structural glycoprotein FBN1‐knockout cisplatin‐resistant ovarian cancer organoids and cell lines. To gain insights into the specific functions and mechanisms of action of FBN1 in ovarian cancer, immunoprecipitation, silver nitrate staining, mass spectrometry, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and Fӧrster resonance energy transfer‐fluorescence lifetime imaging analyses were performed, followed by in vivo assays using vertebrate model systems of nude mice and zebrafish.ResultsFBN1 expression was significantly enhanced in cisplatin‐resistant ovarian cancer organoids and tissues, indicating that FBN1 might be a key factor in chemoresistance of ovarian cancer. We also discovered that FBN1 sustained the energy stress and induced angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, which promoted the cisplatin‐resistance of ovarian cancer. Knockout of FBN1 combined with treatment of the antiangiogenic drug apatinib improved the cisplatin‐sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells. Mechanistically, FBN1 mediated the phosphorylation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) at the Tyr1054 residue, which activated its downstream focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/protein kinase B (PKB or AKT) pathway, induced the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2) at the tyrosine residue 690 (Tyr690), promoted the nuclear translocation of STAT2, and ultimately altered the expression of genes associated with STAT2‐mediated angiogenesis and glycolysis.ConclusionsThe FBN1/VEGFR2/STAT2 signaling axis may induce chemoresistance of ovarian cancer cells by participating in the process of glycolysis and angiogenesis. The present study suggested a novel FBN1‐targeted therapy and/or combination of FBN1 inhibition and antiangiogenic drug for treating ovarian cancer.