bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bondage to Passion
Authors: LeBuffe Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter offers detailed accounts of Part 4 of Spinoza’s Ethics. It includes four sections, reflecting four major parts of Spinoza’s argument. The first section describes Spinoza’s formal definitions of good and evil in terms of a model of human nature. The second section emphasizes Spinoza’s intellectualism in ethics, which culminates in the claim that the knowledge of God is the highest good, and the relation of this intellectualism to different, strong claims about the value of perseverance in being. The third section concerns Spinoza’s accounts of human society and the state, including his social contract theory. The fourth section presents particular claims about value that Spinoza introduces in Ethics 4, including the dictates of reason and the propositions concerning the free man.
Introduction
Authors: Van De Mieroop Marc 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWriting: throughout world history from its invention some 5000 years ago until today people using this technology have left behind a massive number of sources for the historian. Yet, it is clear that they did not write down every language spoken across the world. Instead, they consciously selected only a number of languages to do so, sometimes using shared scripts, sometimes with scripts specific for one language only. The topic of this book is to investigate the choices of languages and scripts people made when writing in the long and richly-documented history of the ancient Near East and the eastern Mediterranean, from the invention of script there sometime before 3000 bc to the first centuries of the Common Era. It will show how we can see a radical change from an initial use of a single, cosmopolitan system with its roots in Babylonian cuneiform to one using a profusion of vernacular languages with their own, mostly alphabetic, scripts. It will explore how we can understand the development of the latter in relationship to the cosmopolitan system and the consequences of that shift on the literate cultures of the region.
Imagining the World from Behind the Iron Curtain
Authors: Fidelis Malgorzata 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
During the long sixties, powerful political and cultural movements engulfed the world, many of them rooted in transnational exchanges across borders and continents. How did the sixties look in the seemingly isolated Eastern bloc? This book explores this question by centering on young people in Poland and their everyday engagement with a dynamically changing world, from popular media and consumption to counterculture and protest movements. Drawing on archival documents, youth magazines, sex education manuals, and personal testimonies, this book follows jazz lovers, students, hippies, and young rural rebels, delineating both the antiauthoritarian solidarities and the competing visions of transnationalism. This book repositions young people in Eastern Europe, long seen as subjects of an isolationist and totalitarian regime, as active participants of global conversations. The communist state unwittingly facilitated such youth dissent, as Poland’s leaders did not entirely reject international youth culture, be it music, fashion, or new forms of sociability, but selectively incorporated these trends into their official vision of socialist modernity. Ultimately, this book shows how local manifestations of international youth culture shifted worldviews behind the Iron Curtain, creating new ways of self-understanding and a cultural space in which ideas of alternative social and political organization became imaginable.
Window to the World
Authors: Fidelis Malgorzata 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A new genre of youth magazines that covered a range of cultural developments in the West while also building connections between the Second World and the Third World is the topic of this chapter. These magazines were products of a socialist conception of mass culture that combined moderate entertainment with education and knowledge of the world. Through analyzing several youth magazines such as Radar, Around the World, and ITD, this chapter traces the specific ways domestic forms of modernity interacted with international youth culture. It examines youth magazines not as state-produced propaganda but as a site of conversation for different actors, including editors, journalists, censors, and readers. Youth magazines commanded extensive readership in all parts of Poland. Rather than “normalizing” society through creating a socialist culture of consumption, these magazines helped readers imagine themselves as part of a global community beyond the Iron Curtain.
Temples of Wind and Rain
Authors: Pauketat Timothy R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
From Mexico to the American Southwest and the Mississippi valley, circular platforms of earth or stone were built to the Wind-That-Brings-Rain during a period of climate change. That same god was also associated with the stars, snakes, chipped-stone daggers, and ocean shells as seen at the great Mesoamerican city of Teotihuacan. People traveled great distances to understand the Wind-That-Brings-Rain and returned home with things and understandings in some ways connected to it. As a result, the artwork, architecture, and artifacts of precolonial peoples thousands of miles apart, from Tula and Tenochtitlan to Paquime, Chaco, and Cahokia, share key attributes. They are the best reasons to suspect that medieval-period Americans journeyed far and wide.
Mesoamerican Cults and Cities
Authors: Pauketat Timothy R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Religious movements are led by visionaries who draw together supernatural powers to advance a cause. In an era of climate change, the Maya, Toltecs, and Huastecs of the ninth century turned to various cults of the Wind-That-Brings-Rain, whose principal temple was circular in shape. Some Maya migrated north into the well-watered land of the Huastecs, the descendants of whom still practice the pole ceremonialism of their medieval-era forebearers. In the meantime, a Toltec horizon spread across Mesoamerica into the Maya heartland, establishing cities such as Tula, Tamtoc, and Chichen Itza as mythical places of origins to which living people returned to become right with the world.
A Place Beyond the Horizon
Authors: Pauketat Timothy R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The survivors of the Pánfilo de Narváez expedition skirted the Pueblo world of the 1500s. Had they turned north up the Rio Grande, they would have met descendants of a momentous medieval-era history defined by climatic forces as much as people. For all intents and purposes, that world began at Chaco Canyon just after the year 800 ce. The Chacoan culture that fluoresced there paralleled the Postclassic era Maya, Toltecs, Huastecs, Caddos, and other Mississippians thanks to the favorable climatic conditions on the Colorado Plateau. The Chacoans were attuned to the animistic forces of their world. Their circular great kivas and tri-wall structures were built during waves of religious change involving the worship of a Wind-That-Brings-Rain god.
America's Theologian Beyond America
Authors: Zhu Victor , Sweeney Douglas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study addresses the subject of Jonathan Edwards’s millennialism from his redemptive-historical vision. By situating him in the Reformation and post-Reformation contexts, taking into consideration his interaction with the intellectual challenges posed by the Enlightenment thinkers, it provides a more nuanced investigation of Edwards’s anticipation of the millennium. His millennialism is neither America-centric nor politically utopian. And he is not the one who originated or advocated the notion of the redeemer nation, as is frequently thought. His vision of the millennium is a Christ-reigning, Judeo-centric, and cosmic kingdom arriving on earth in a distant future. While some of his Protestant predecessors and Puritan contemporaries tended to centralize their own present times and nations, Edwards noticeably decentralized England and New England in terms of time, space, and people. This study sheds new light on the following issues. First, it extensively reviews Edwards’s millennial theology and provides another outlook on his continuity in and departures from the Reformed tradition. Second, it explores Edwards’s artful communication of his Christology in his millennialism. Third, this study highlights the Judeo-centric and cosmic nature as an innovative interpretive key to his millennialism, which provides a useful background to the current debates on Israel and the end times. Finally, this project ventures into two less well-known subjects—Israel and China in Edwards’s millennial vision—in order to revisit his conviction of Israel’s restoration to the Promised Land and his eschatological hope for China and the rest of heathen world.
“Christ in All Things Has the Preeminence”
Authors: Zhu Victor 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
As an artful theologian, Edwards expressed his Christological focus in his millennialism with both literary and typological strategies. He intentionally structured his HWR to communicate his Christocentric concerns in the whole process of the establishment, expansion, and consummation of the millennial kingdom. Edwards applied both a Christological and natural typology to communicate his Christology in the preparation and realization of the millennial kingdom. He was both traditional and innovative in the literary and typological expressions of his Christology. While Edwards was deeply embedded in the Reformed tradition, he often developed an innovative way of expressing his unique and creative insights into Christ’s centrality in his millennialism. In his literary and typological readings of Scripture, nature, and history, Edwards enriched and enlarged the Reformed tradition rather than breaking with it.
Fields
Authors: Seligson Kenneth E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the agricultural adaptations that sustained gradual population growth in the Maya lowlands up through the demographic explosion of the Late Classic Period. At the heart of Maya agriculture is a cultivated field system known as the milpa that incorporates several crops at once. Traditional milpa systems were supplemented by a wide range of land-modification strategies that included extensive terrace networks and wetland raised-field systems. Underpinning these intensification strategies was an in-depth knowledge of all aspects of the natural environment and how they could best sustain growing human populations. Farmers developed intimate understandings of precipitation and growth cycles, plant and animal roles, and soil compositions. They knew which species grew well together at which points of the rainy season, in which types of soils, and with which types of fertilization. The question of how Classic Maya communities sustained such high populations for so many centuries in such a challenging tropical environment no longer perplexes researchers. The multitude of techniques that farmers used to sustainably and efficiently manage food production across the mosaic of lowland microenvironments for over seven centuries are becoming increasingly clear through the application of paleoenvironmental, paleobotanical, and lidar-based analyses.
Looking Forward
Authors: Seligson Kenneth E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The final chapter summarizes the main points discussed in the earlier chapters and brings them together to paint a comprehensive picture of Classic Maya civilization as an environmentally conscious and socio-ecologically adaptive society. The specific natural resource-management strategies developed by Classic Maya communities do not in and of themselves provide specific blueprints for resilience that we can follow today. Most were so successful because they were tailored to individual microenvironments, species, and rainfall patterns. Contemporary Maya communities continue to demonstrate the cultural and socio-ecological resilience that has been a key characteristic of Maya culture since the earliest agroforesters began shaping the lowland landscapes. Just as they have at many points in the past, Maya communities face numerous climatic, ecological, and social challenges in the present. The main factors that have consistently allowed Maya communities to survive through periods of turmoil and transmit cultural practices to succeeding generations are their capacities, abilities, and willingness to adapt to the changing circumstances. Thus, the main lessons we can learn from the Classic Maya are the importance of knowledge, planning, and structural flexibility.
The Historical Context of the Cleisthenian Law about Ostracism
Authors: Węcowski Marek 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chapter Four discusses the historical context of the introduction of the law of ostracism in a more general framework of the scholarly debate between those who more traditionally ascribe the Athenian reforms of the late sixth century bc to the political genius of the far-sighted reformer Cleisthenes and the proponents of the hypothesis of the ‘Athenian revolution’ due to the political actions of the politically self-aware demos. It is argued that whereas these are not necessarily true alternatives, one ought in the first place to focus on the original intentions and political plans of Cleisthenes, but also on his personal experience of the political struggles in which he participated in Athens.
The Prisoner’s Dilemma—Ostracism and Competition among Athenian Political Élites
Authors: Węcowski Marek 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chapter Five offers a tentative interpretation of the original purpose of ostracism in Athens, namely that Athenian ostracism was in fact a mechanism devised to impose compromise on the main political players of the Athenian political life. Once the preliminary vote proved positive, one or another among the powerful political leaders was doomed to banishment and nobody could feel truly safe. Cleisthenes’ idea was to make the leading Athenian politicians to meet backstage and strike a deal before this happens. They only needed to make a unanimous stand against ostracism during the preliminary vote. But to reach a reliable agreement there must have been a minimum of mutuial trust all year long, which must have kept the temperature of the Athenian political life under (some) control. Accordingly, as long as the mechanism was effective, ostrakophoriai were not implemented, because the initial vote was usually negative. It took extremely intransigent and self-assured leaders (such as Themistocles and Pericles) and/or unusually tense situations (such as the external danger of the Persian Wars) to hold one. To support this hypothesis, the author refers to the theory of the ‘evolution of cooperation’ by the American mathematician and political scientist Robert Axelrod based on the ‘iterated prisoner’s dilemma’ in game theory. By introducing the two-stage procedure of ostracism, Cleisthenes put the Athenian political elites in the position we would identify with the ‘iterated prisoner’s dilemma’.
In Search of Gender in Historical Political Economy
Authors: Teele Dawn L. , Grosjean Pauline A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter summarizes the quantitative literature on the origins and manifestations of women’s political and economic progress over the last two hundred years. It discusses key critical junctures that durably changed women’s economic roles, such as the Industrial Revolution, the introduction of the contraceptive pill, and large-scale conflict, as well as some of the institutionally imposed constraints on women’s social, economic, and political roles, and how these were overcome. To conclude, the chapter calls for more empirical evidence from underresearched areas and for a new and coherent theoretical paradigm that would not only account for the stubborn persistence of gender inequality but also incorporate the progress made by related disciplines on the understanding and definition of gender, masculinity, and intersectionality.
Increased sensitivity to chemically induced colitis in mice harboring a DNA-binding deficient aryl hydrocarbon receptor
Authors: Alvik Karoline , Shao Peng , Hutin David , Baglole Carolyn , Grant Denis M , Matthews Jason 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a transcription factor best known for mediating toxic responses of environmental pollutants, also integrates metabolic signals to promote anti-inflammatory responses, intestinal homeostasis, and maintain barrier integrity. AHR regulates its target genes through direct DNA-binding to aryl hydrocarbon response elements (AHREs) but also through tethering to other transcription factors in a DNA-binding independent manner. However, it is not known if AHR’s anti-inflammatory role in the gut requires its ability to bind to AHREs. To test this, we determined the sensitivity of Ahrdbd/dbd mice, a genetically modified mouse line that express an AHR protein incapable of binding to AHREs, to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Ahrdbd/dbd mice exhibited more severe symptoms of intestinal inflammation than Ahr+/+ mice. None of the Ahrdbd/dbd mice survived after the 5-day DSS followed by 7-day washout period. By day 6, the Ahrdbd/dbd mice had severe body weight loss, shortening of the colon, higher disease index scores, enlarged spleens, and increased expression of several inflammation genes, including interleukin 1b (Il-1b), Il-6, Il-17, C-x-c motif chemokine ligand 1 (Cxcl1), Cxcl2, Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (Ptgs2), and lipocalin-2. Our findings show that AHR’s DNA-binding domain and ability to bind to AHREs are required to reduce inflammation, maintain a healthy intestinal environment, and protect against DSS-induced colitis.
Recall of delirium and related distress in elderly hospitalized patients: A prospective study
Authors: Moura Maria Leonor , Martins Sónia , Correia Raquel , Pinho Elika , Paulo Cristiana , Silva Maria João , Teixeira Ana , Fontes Liliana , Lopes Luís , Paiva José Artur , Azevedo Luís Filipe , Fernandes Lia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background: Delirium is a very common neuropsychiatric disorder in the elderly, with a significant physical and psychological burden. Much is still unknown about its psychological effects. This study aims to identify the proportion of patients who recall delirium and to analyze the distress caused by it. In addition, this study aims to analyze the association between delirium recall and related distress and global psychological distress regarding hospitalization.

Methods: This is a prospective study with elderly hospitalized patients in level-2 units of intensive care medicine department of a university hospital. Exclusion criteria were a Glasgow Coma Scale total ≤11, brain injury, blindness, deafness, or inability to communicate. Delirium was daily assessed with the Confusion Assessment Method. Delirium recall and related distress in patients were measured using the Delirium Experience Questionnaire. Global psychological distress was assessed with the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale.

Results: From 105 patients, 38 (36.2%) developed delirium. Most patients did not remember the delirium episode (64.7%). Among those who remembered (35.3%), most described delirium as a distressing experience (75%). Delirium recall was associated with high global psychological distress (P = .029).

Conclusions: Distress related to delirium is high, namely in patients who recall the episode. Global psychological distress during hospitalization is associated with delirium recall. This study highlights the need to assess the experience of delirium in these patients, as well as the importance of providing support and psychological interventions to minimize the associated distress.
A 20-Year Review of Recumbent Pedestrian Fatalities (2001–2020)
Authors: Tiemensma Marianne , Byard Roger W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A retrospective study was performed in the Northern Territory of Australia of all cases of pedestrian fatalities where the decedents had been sitting, crouching, sleeping, or lying on or next to a road, over a 20-year period (January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2020). Of the 865 road traffic fatalities, 161 (19%) were pedestrians, and 42 of these were recumbent at the time of the incident (26% of all pedestrians). The most common age range was 30 to 39 years with a male to female ratio of 25:17. No individuals younger than 15 years were involved. Acute alcohol intoxication played a role in death in all of the cases with medium to high range blood alcohol concentrations. In addition, cannabis or its metabolites were detected in 6 cases, and methylamphetamine in 1 case. A history of chronic alcohol use or dependence was known in 6 (14%) of cases. In no case was an underlying medical condition contributory to death. The majority of incidents occurred at night. This study has shown a very high incidence of recumbent pedestrian deaths in an Australian subpopulation related to acute alcohol intoxication, decreased visibility, and vulnerability because of their position on or proximate to a road.
Genome-wide Associations, Polygenic Risk, and Mendelian Randomization Reveal Limited Interactions between John Henryism and Cynicism
Authors: Chapleau Richard R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractChronic occupational stress and an individual’s reaction to that stress often lead to burnout syndrome. We sought to use genetics to evaluate what, if any, interactions exist between John Henryism (JH) and cynicism in hopes of clarifying holistic risk factors of burnout syndrome. We performed genome-wide association studies in a discover phase with 1,852 samples and validated associations in a replication phase of 465 samples, both from the CARDIA study, and used supervised machine learning to developing genetic risk algorithms. We identified 933 genetic associations and developed a classification algorithm for high cynicism using machine learning with areas under the receiver operator characteristics curve greater than 0.7. We found significant genetic components to these traits but no evidence of an interaction between JH and cynicism, so while there may be a genetic risk component, JH does not appear to contribute to burnout risk.