bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An electrophoretic e‐paper device with stretchable, washable, and rewritable functions
Authors: Qiu Zhiguang , Zhu Simu , Lu Hao , Gu Yifan , Wu Ziyi , Zhang Gaofan , Deng Shaozhi , Yang Bo‐Ru 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA self‐cracking structure is introduced to construct a stretchable electrophoretic e‐paper display device. Unlike the conventional sandwich structure, the proposed device directly forms electrodes upon the display layer without laminating an extra layer. This structure avoids layer‐to‐layer mismatch under the long‐term loading cycles and exhibits high stretchability and robustness. A prototype is demonstrated to simultaneously have stretchable, washable, and rewritable features, which provides a new paradigm for future wearable electronics.
The acute physiological response of polar bears to helicopter capture
Authors: Whiteman John P. , Harlow Henry J. , Durner George M. , Regehr Eric V. , Amstrup Steven C. , Pagano Anthony M. , Ben‐David Merav 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMany wildlife species are live captured, sampled, and released; for polar bears (Ursus maritimus) capture often requires chemical immobilization via helicopter darting. Polar bears reduce their activity for approximately 4 days after capture, likely reflecting stress recovery. To better understand this stress, we quantified polar bear activity (via collar‐mounted accelerometers) and body temperature (via loggers in the body core [Tabd] and periphery [Tper]) during 2–6 months of natural behavior, and during helicopter recapture and immobilization. Recapture induced bouts of peak activity higher than those that occurred during natural behavior for 2 of 5 bears, greater peak Tper for 3 of 6 bears, and greater peak Tabd for 1 of 6 bears. High body temperature (>39.0°C) occurred in Tper for 3 of 6 individuals during recapture and 6 of 6 individuals during natural behavior, and in Tabd for 2 of 6 individuals during recapture and 3 of 6 individuals during natural behavior. Measurements of Tabd and Tper correlated with rectal temperatures measured after immobilization, supporting the use of rectal temperatures for monitoring bear response to capture. Using a larger dataset (n = 66 captures), modeling of blood biochemistry revealed that maximum ambient temperature during recapture was associated with a stress leukogram (7–26% decline in percent lymphocytes, 12–21% increase in percent neutrophils) and maximum duration of helicopter operations had a similar but smaller effect. We conclude that polar bear activity and body temperature during helicopter capture are similar to that which occurs during the most intense events of natural behavior; high body temperature, especially in warm capture conditions, is a key concern; additional study of stress leukograms in polar bears is needed; and additional data collection regarding capture operations would be useful.
The impact of stress factors on riparian and drawdown zones degradation around dams and reservoirs
Authors: Arif Muhammad , Jie Zheng , Tahir Muhammad , Xin Hu , Changxiao Li 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThere is currently a lack of evidence about changes in the health of riparian and drawdown zones under different land‐use patterns within mega‐reservoirs, below and around dams. Scientific evidence for the quantitative effects of stress indicators is vague and varies significantly among reservoirs and dams worldwide. In this study, we used a field‐based approach to evaluate riparian and drawdown zones health changes—influenced by pressure indicators—across 274 transects from three land‐use areas (rural, rural–urban transitional, and urban) in the Three Gorges Dam Reservoir (TGDR) in China during 2019. Multivariate statistical techniques were applied to test for riparian and drawdown zones (termed riparian zones in this paper) changes under these variant land‐use patterns. Our results showed that 13 pressure indicators significantly influenced 27 health indicators (including parameters for habitat, plant cover, regeneration, erosion, and exotics) of the riparian zones from the three land‐use areas differently. Our results also showed that parameters for plant cover, erosion, and exotics were major contributors within the selected riparian health indicators, whereas land‐use designs, farming systems, and pollutant activity variables were the pressure indicators with the strongest impact. Pearson correlation (with r ranging from −0.731 to 0.989) showed that urban transects exhibited the strongest comparative interaction, whereas rural–urban transitional transects formed the weakest association. Furthermore, the agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis revealed similarities between rural and rural–urban transitional sites while confirming substantial dissimilarity in urban locations. These comprehensive and relevant results provide essential information for reservoir administrators to implement functional changes suited to TGDR land‐use scenarios.
Identifying a suitable revegetation method for soil organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus sequestration: A 16‐year in situ experiment on abandoned farmland in a semiarid area of the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Song Xin , Fang Chao , Lal Rattan , Yuan Zi‐Qiang , Ke Wen‐Bin , Huang Fu‐Qiang , Wei Yong‐Xian , Li Feng‐Min , Sardans Jordi , Penuelas Josep 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLegume pasture species have been widely used to re‐establish vegetation cover and control soil erosion in semiarid degraded ecosystems. Nevertheless, the long‐term effects of revegetation on aboveground biomass (AB) and the soil properties under different topographies remain unclear. We conducted a 16‐year in situ experiment to evaluate soil properties and biomass dynamics under fallow, sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), in northeast‐facing, southeast‐facing, and horizontal landscapes from 2003 to 2018. After 16 years of revegetation, soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total nitrogen (TN), soil total phosphorus (TP) concentrations were higher in alfalfa fields in the northeast‐ and southeast‐facing landscapes and greater in sweet clover fields in the horizontal landscape alongside soil profiles. In the 0–20 cm, the SOC, TN, and TP concentrations in alfalfa fields increased at rates of 0.322, 0.034, and 0.010 g kg−1 yr−1 in the northeast‐facing landscape and at rates of 0.189, 0.022, and 0.011 g kg−1 yr−1 in the southeast‐facing landscape. The SOC, TN, and TP concentrations in sweet clover fields increased at rates of 0.129, 0.023, and 0.009 g kg−1 yr−1 in the horizontal. Alfalfa introduction is recommended for northeast‐facing landscapes whereas alfalfa and fallow are recommended in southeast‐facing landscapes, introduce sweet clover is recommended in a horizontal landscape to improve the soil nutrient concentrations at mid‐long time. These results suggest that topography influences vegetation restoration by affecting plant growth and soil nutrient and should be considered during the revegetation process to ensure revegetation success and sustainable land use.
Co‐occurrences of soil nitrogen cycling and human‐disease genes following spent mushroom substrate and nitrification inhibitor applications: A strategy for decreasing health risk
Authors: Zou Dongsheng , Wang Jiuxiang , Wang Weijin , Ye Xiaoxin , Yang Chenming , He Fuqing , Zhang Manyun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSpent mushroom substrates can be utilized as organic fertilizer in agricultural production but may pose a health risk. Nitrification inhibitors dicyandiamide and 3,4‐dimethylpyrazole phosphate have been used to enhance fertilizer nitrogen utilization efficiency. However, the changes of soil abiotic properties, microbial activities, nitrogen cycling and human‐disease genes, and their comprehensive relationships after the spent mushroom substrate and nitrification inhibitor applications were still unknown. In this study, the spent mushroom substrate and nitrification inhibitor were applied into the agricultural soils at the rates of 2.5% (w/w) and 1.0% of nitrogen content in the spent mushroom substrate, respectively, and then lettuce was planted. Compared with the control, spent mushroom substrate application significantly increased the lettuce biomass, soil enzyme activities and chitinase, protease, nitric‐oxide reductase, nitrogenase, and urease gene abundances. However, the antibiotic resistance and human‐disease gene abundances were also significantly enhanced following the spent mushroom substrate application. Relative to spent mushroom substrate alone, the dicyandiamide application significantly decreased the soil pH and human‐disease gene abundances, although extra dicyandiamide and 3,4‐dimethylpyrazole phosphate enhanced 61.4% and 45.0% of dry biomass of aboveground lettuce. The human‐disease gene abundances were positively correlated with soil pH but were negatively correlated with the Acidobacteria and Streptomyces ratios in soils. Spent mushroom substrate application could generate double‐edged sword effects, and the health risk should be considered in the spent mushroom substrate applications. Extra dicyandiamide application could further promote crop growth while decrease the human‐disease risk from the spent mushroom substrate.
Laser Ablated Janus Hydrogel Composite Membrane for Draining Excessive Blood and Biofluid around Wounds
Authors: Zhang Juan , Liu Bingrui , Liu Xiaoling , Wang DaWei , Dong Bin , Zhang Yiyuan , Xu Bing , Chen Chao , Shen Zuojun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn order to avoid bacterial infection and mechanical damage to minor skin wounds, a bandage is usually put on the surface of the wound. The existing textile bandage can quickly absorb biofluids on the wound surface, but these absorbed biofluids remain in the interface between the wound and the bandage, which may not avoid the infection caused by these biofluids. Herein, a hydrophobic/hydrophilic Janus hydrogel composite membrane (JHCM) with a commercial band‐aid to achieve efficient cleaning of the biofluids on the wound surface is combined. By using the UV curing and femtosecond laser perforation method to fabricate the JHCM, the unidirectional biofluid transport performance of this JHCM is investigated. The JHCM can pump this biofluid to the hydrophilic layer through the hydrophilic inner wall of conical micropores and hydrogel layer driven. Also, this JHCM can weaken undesired wet adhesion and heat loss due to the removal of liquid while maintaining excellent antibacterial properties. Compared to the commercial band‐aid, there is significantly better in vivo wound healing effects for the JHCM@ band‐aid. This study is valuable for designing and fabricating next‐generation bandages with high performance for clinical applications.
Pathway‐Specific Remodeling of Thalamostriatal Synapses in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Tanimura Asami , Shen Weixing , Wokosin David , Surmeier D. James 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe network pathophysiology underlying the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) is poorly understood. In models of late‐stage PD, there is significant cell‐specific remodeling of corticostriatal, axospinous glutamatergic synapses on principal spiny projection neurons (SPNs). Neurons in the centrolateral nucleus (CLN) of the thalamus that relay cerebellar activity to the striatum also make axospinous synapses on SPNs, but the extent to which they are affected in PD has not been definitively characterized.ObjectiveTo fill this gap, transgenic mice in which CLN neurons express Cre recombinase were used in conjunction with optogenetic and circuit mapping approaches to determine changes in the CLN projection to SPNs in a unilateral 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) model of late‐stage PD.MethodsAdeno‐associated virus vectors carrying Cre‐dependent opsin expression constructs were stereotaxically injected into the CLN of Grp‐KH288 mice in which CLN, but not parafascicular nucleus neurons, expressed Cre recombinase. The properties of this projection to identify direct pathway spiny projection neurons (dSPNs) and indirect pathway spiny projection neurons (iSPNs) were then studied in ex vivo brain slices of the dorsolateral striatum from control and 6‐OHDA lesioned mice using anatomic, optogenetic, and electrophysiological approaches.ResultsOptogenetically evoked excitatory synaptic currents in both iSPNs and dSPNs were reduced in lesioned mice; however, the reduction was significantly greater in dSPNs. In iSPNs, the reduction in evoked responses was attributable to synaptic pruning, because synaptic channelrhodopsin assisted circuit mapping (sCRACm) revealed fewer synapses per cell after lesioning. In contrast, sCRACm mapping of CLN inputs to dSPNs failed to detect any change in synapse abundance in lesioned mice. However, the ratio of currents through α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid receptors to those through N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors was significantly reduced in dSPNs. Moreover, the distribution of currents evoked by optical stimulation of individual synapses shifted toward smaller amplitudes by lesioning, suggesting that they had undergone long‐term depression.ConclusionsTaken together, our results demonstrate that the CLN projection to the striatum undergoes a pathway‐specific remodeling that could contribute to the circuit imbalance thought to drive the hypokinetic features of PD. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Functional outcome after transfer of brachialis on anterior interosseous and supinator on posterior interosseous nerves: A preliminary report
Authors: Sacco Carlo , Olivi Silvia , Visani Jacopo , Donati Roberto , Veronesi Vanni , Mencarani Camilla , Capone Crescenzo , Bizzocchi Gianluca , Kiekens Carlotte , De Bonis Pasquale , Scerrati Alba , Staffa Guido 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTraumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) resulting in tetraplegia is a leading cause of morbidity among young adults worldwide and its management remains challenging. Restoring hand function in these patients must be considered a top priority with great impact on their quality of life (QOL); although nerve and tendon transfer have been extensively described, type of procedure to be chosen is not standardized and few studies have determined the functional outcome of those procedure and their impact on QOL is still poorly assessed. We report a preliminary retrospective study regarding feasibility and functional outcomes of nerve transfer procedures including bilateral brachialis nerve on anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) and supinator branch on posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) for hand reanimation following SCI focusing on the impact of these procedures on QOL.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study involving patient sustained SCI and underwent nerve transfer of brachialis branch from musculocutaneous nerve on AIN and supinator branch from the trunk of the radial nerve on the PIN. We included 11 patients (14 limbs) with traumatic SCI resulting in C4 level tetraplegia in five patients, C5 in four and C6 and C7 in one case each, with a median age of 31.5 years underwent surgery at a median of 10 months after injury; including both transfers in 10 cases and AIN reanimation only in one. Functional assessment including medical research council (MCR) grade, graded redefined assessment of strength sensation and prehension (GRASSP) and spinal cord independence measure (SCIM) were performed at least 12 months follow up.ResultsThirteen PIN innervated muscles achieved an MRC score ≥3/5 whereas AIN supplied muscles in 5 out of 15. GRASSP qualitative measure improved from a baseline value of 1 to 2, while quantitative measure passed from 1 to 3 after 12 months; the difference was statistically significant (p = .005 and p = .008, respectively). SCIM self‐care sub‐score also statistically significant improved from 3 to 4 at 12 months (p = .016). No complication or donor morbidity occurred.ConclusionsFunctional performance has been significantly improved by nerve transfer procedures 1 year after surgery. Nerve transfers may represent a valuable option for the restoration of the hand function in patients with tetraplegia with minor or no morbidity.
Cobalt‐doped Cu6Sn5 lithium‐ion battery anodes with enhanced electrochemical properties
Authors: Tan Xin F. , Tao Shiwei , Ran Lingbing , Knibbe Ruth , Nogita Kazuhiro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSn‐based lithium‐ion battery anodes show improved capacities over commercial carbon‐based anodes. Furthermore, their higher lithiation potentials reduce the risks of Li dendrite formation. A simple Cu6Sn5 fabrication method has been previously demonstrated, but the resultant anode shows a poor reversible capacity of 470 mAh g–1. This study investigates the effects of Co in modifying the microstructure, crystal structure and electrochemical properties of Cu6Sn5 to improve the electrochemical performances of the electrode. Significant enhancement in the electrochemical properties were obtained in the Co‐doped Cu6Sn5 electrodes, where a cycling capacity as high as 830 mAh g–1 was observed during the early cycles, and a 35% increase in capacity over the pristine electrode is retained over 50 cycles. In addition, the pristine electrode does not function at a current of 0.64 mA cm–2 and above, while the Co‐doped electrode can retain a capacity of 410 mAh g–1 at a current of 1.28 mA cm–2 (2.4C). Detailed characterization of the electrodes revealed that the improved electrochemical performances are due to the refined microstructure and a higher reaction voltage during the second stage of the lithiation reaction which promotes a deeper lithiation.
SAturation‐recovery and Variable‐flip‐Angle–based three‐dimensional free‐breathing cardiovascular magnetic resonance T1 mapping at 3 T
Authors: Guo Rui , Si Dongyue , Chen Zhensen , Dai Erpeng , Chen Shuo , Herzka Daniel A. , Luo Jianwen , Ding Haiyan 
Published: April 2022

The purpose of the current study was to develop and validate a three‐dimensional (3D) free‐breathing cardiac T1‐mapping sequence using SAturation‐recovery and Variable‐flip‐Angle (SAVA). SAVA sequentially acquires multiple electrocardiogram‐triggered volumes using a multishot spoiled gradient‐echo sequence. The first volume samples the equilibrium signal of the longitudinal magnetization, where a flip angle of 2° is used to reduce the time for the magnetization to return to equilibrium. The succeeding three volumes are saturation prepared with variable delays, and are acquired using a 15° flip angle to maintain the signal‐to‐noise ratio. A diaphragmatic navigator is used to compensate the respiratory motion. T1 is calculated using a saturation‐recovery model that accounts for the flip angle. We validated SAVA by simulations, phantom, and human subject experiments at 3 T. SAVA was compared with modified Look‐Locker inversion recovery (MOLLI) and saturation‐recovery single‐shot acquisition (SASHA) in vivo. In phantoms, T1 by SAVA had good agreement with the reference (R2 = 0.99). In vivo 3D T1 mapping by SAVA could achieve an imaging resolution of 1.25 × 1.25 × 8 mm3. Both global and septal T1 values by SAVA (1347 ± 37 and 1332 ± 42 ms) were in between those by SASHA (1612 ± 63 and 1618 ± 51 ms) and MOLLI (1143 ± 59 and 1188 ± 65 ms). According to the standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation (CV), T1 precision measured by SAVA (SD: 99 ± 14 and 60 ± 8 ms; CV: 7.4% ± 0.9% and 4.5% ± 0.6%) was comparable with MOLLI (SD: 99 ± 25 and 46 ± 12 ms; CV: 8.8% ± 2.5% and 3.9% ± 1.1%) and superior to SASHA (SD: 222 ± 89 and 132 ± 33 ms; CV: 13.8% ± 5.5% and 8.1% ± 2.0%). It was concluded that the proposed free‐breathing SAVA sequence enables more efficient 3D whole‐heart T1 estimation with good accuracy and precision.
Implementation of balancing domain decomposition method for parallel finite element analysis involving inactive elements
Authors: Yusa Yasunori , Kobayashi Hiroaki , Murakami Yuma , Okada Hiroshi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe present study developed a numerical method to implement domain decomposition (DD) solvers with the diagonal‐scaling preconditioner, the balancing domain decomposition (BDD) preconditioner and the BDD with diagonal scaling (BDD‐DIAG) preconditioner, for inactive elements. The inactive element, which is a finite element having zero stiffness, is used in several fields such as multi‐pass welding analysis, additive manufacturing analysis, damage analysis, and topology optimization. For this sort of analysis, we adopted the one‐time decomposition approach, in which the DD process is performed once at the beginning of the analysis. Based on this approach, we formulated the matrix–vector multiplication, the preconditioning and the vector operations in the algorithm of the conjugate gradient method, along with the inactive elements and floating degrees of freedom caused by the inactive elements. Consideration of the inactive elements is enabled by the slight modifications of matrices and vectors in the algorithm. Numerical examples confirmed the scalability of the BDD and BDD‐DIAG preconditioners with the present implementation method. Moreover, the capability of the present method for damage analysis, topology computation, and thermal elastic–plastic analysis of metal additive manufacturing problems was demonstrated.
High strength and anti‐freezing piezoresistive pressure sensor based on a composite gel
Authors: Tie Jianfei , Mao Zhiping , Zhang Linping , Zhong Yi , Sui Xiaofeng , Xu Hong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPiezoresistive sensors constructed by functionalized elastic gel have received broad research by virtue of the visible advantages, such as low‐cost, stability of signal collection, and excellent compress strain. Herein, a new method about improved in situ polymerization of pyrrole monomer coated on polyurethane (PU) sponge was developed, which endowed the sponge with high and homogeneous conductivity. Then, a conductive polypyrrole@polyurethane‐polyacrylamide (PPy@PU‐PAM) composite gel was constructed by filling the PPy@PU sponges with PAM gel. The composite gel showed favorable compression performance attributed to the excellent elasticity of the PAM gel and porosity of the elastic PU sponge. The obtained elastomer exhibited excellent compressibility (869 kPa). Moreover, the addition of glycerin endowed the elastomer with excellent frost resistance and compression resilience at −20°C, which could greatly broaden the application in extreme environments. The piezoresistive sensor established by the composite elastomer can withstand and sense high pressure both at 25 and −20°C. Therefore, the pressure sensor shows potential applications in various fields, such as, health‐care monitoring system, motion signal collection, and robotic control.
68Ga‐DOTATATE PET and functional imaging in pediatric pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma
Authors: Krokhmal Aleksandra A. , Kwatra Neha , Drubach Laura , Weldon Christopher B. , Janeway Katherine A. , DuBois Steven G. , Kamihara Junne , Voss Stephan D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumors in childhood. Up to 40% of PPGL are currently thought to be associated with a hereditary predisposition. Nuclear medicine imaging modalities such as fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F‐FDG PET), 68Ga‐DOTATATE PET, and 123I‐metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I‐MIBG) scintigraphy play an essential role in the staging, response assessment, and determination of suitability for targeted radiotherapy in patients with PPGL. Each of these functional imaging modalities targets a different cellular characteristic and as such can be complementary to anatomic imaging and to each other. With the recent US Food and Drug Administration approval and increasing use of 68Ga‐DOTATATE for imaging in children, the purpose of this article is to use a case‐based approach to highlight both the advantages and limitations of DOTATATE imaging as it is compared to current radiologic imaging techniques in the staging and response assessment of pediatric PPGL, as well as other neuroendocrine malignancies.