bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ÇALIŞMAKTAN KAÇINMA HAKKI
Authors: ÖNOL Gürcan 
Published: October 2022

İş sağlığı ve güvenliği günümüzde temel insan haklarından biri olarak sayılmaktadır. Nitekim İnsan Hakları Evrensel Bildirgesinde, herkesin adil ve elverişli koşullarda çalışma hakkı olduğu kabul edilmiştir. Bu anlayış Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasasının 49’uncu maddesine de dâhil edilmiş ve devlete, çalışanları korumak için gerekli tedbirleri alma zorunluluğu getirilmiştir. Uluslararası antlaşmalar ve Anayasa ile güvence alınan sağlıklı ve güvenli koşullarda çalışma olanağının bulunmadığı işyerlerinde, çalışanlar da doğal olarak çalışmaktan kaçınmak isteyecektir.
Uluslararası antlaşmalardan esinlenilerek, Türk iş hukuku mevzuatına dâhil edilen çalışmaktan kaçınma hakkı, 6331 Sayılı İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Kanununun 13’üncü maddesinde düzenlenmiştir. Buna göre çalışanlar, ciddi ve yakın bir tehlike ile karşı karşıya kalmaları durumunda, çalışmaktan kaçınma haklarını kullanabilecektir. Ancak mevcut düzenlemelere göre, çalışanların çalışmaktan kaçınma haklarını kullanmaları neredeyse olanaksızdır.
Bu çalışmada öncelikle çalışmaktan kaçınma hakkının ne olduğu üzerinde durulmuş ve ardından bu hakkın tanımı, kapsamı ve yasal dayanağı anlatılmıştır. Daha sonra, çalışmaktan kaçınma hakkın kullanılması için gerekli olan koşullar açıklanmıştır. Son olarak ise, çalışmaktan kaçınma hakkının kullanılmasının önünde yer alan zorluklar ele alınmış ve bir değerlendirme yapılarak, çalışmaktan kaçınma hakkının kullanılmasının önünde yer alan zorlukların üstesinden nasıl gelinebileceğine ilişkin öneriler getirilmiştir.
TÜRK İŞ HUKUKUNDA ASIL İŞVEREN-ALT İŞVEREN İLİŞKİSİNDE MÜTESELSİL SORUMLULUK
Authors: ÖZGÜL EKİZ Seda 
Published: October 2022

3008 sayılı Yasa ile 1936 yılından itibaren hukukumuza konu olan asıl işveren-alt işveren ilişkisine, çalışma hayatındaki kötü niyetli kullanımlar nedeniyle, 4857 sayılı Kanunla birlikte önemli düzenlemeler getirilmiştir.
4857 sayılı İş Kanunu’nun 2’nci maddesinde düzenlenen asıl işveren- alt işveren ilişkisinin unsurları; asıl işveren ve alt işveren olmak üzere iki ayrı işverenin olması, alt işverene verilen işin mal ve hizmet üretimine ilişkin yardımcı iş ya da asıl işin işletmenin ve işin gereği ile teknolojik nedenlerle uzmanlık gerektiren bir bölümü olması, alt işverenin işçilerinin asıl işverene ait iş yerinde çalıştırılması ile alt işverenin işçilerinin sadece asıl işverenden alınan işe özgülenerek çalıştırılması şeklinde sayılmaktadır.
İş Kanunu’nda alt işverenlik hususunda özel bir muvazaa düzenlenmiştir. Buna göre, asıl işverenin işçileri alt işveren tarafından işe alınarak hakları kısıtlanmış bir biçimde çalıştırılıyorsa, ya da asıl işveren kendi eski çalışanı ile alt işveren ilişkisi kurduysa, asıl işveren-alt işveren ilişkisinin muvazaalı işleme dayandığı kabul edileceği Kanun hükmünde belirtilmiştir.
Asıl işveren-alt işveren ilişkisi, asıl işverenin sorumluluğu açısından geniş bir bakış açısı getirmiştir. İşçi alacaklarından asıl işveren, alt işveren ile birlikte sorumlu tutularak işçilere istediği işverene ya da her ikisine birden başvurma hakkı sağlanmıştır.
Bu çalışmada; ilk olarak asıl işveren, alt işveren kavramları ile asıl işveren-alt işveren ilişkisinin unsurlarına yer verilmiştir. Ardından asıl işveren-alt işveren ilişkisinde muvazaa halleri incelenmiştir. Son olarak asıl işveren-alt işveren ilişkisinde müteselsil sorumluluk durumları ele alınmıştır.
DESIGN OF MODERN ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL IN SEMARANG PERANCANGAN PESANTREN MODERN DI SEMARANG
Authors: Listyawati Mentari , Mandaka Mutiawati 
Published: October 2022

Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman, tuntutan mayarakat akan kebutuhan pendidkan umum kian meningkat, hal ini mendorong banyak pesantren yang menyediakan pendidikan umum di dalam pesantren. Kemudian muncul istilah pesantren modern, pesantren modern adalah pesantren dengan proses pembelajaran agama menyatu dengan pembelajaran umum berdasarkan kurikulum modern dan diajarkan di kelas-kelas dengan teratur. Perancangan Pesantren Modern di Semarang merupakan sekolah formal dan non formal yang berbasis asrama yang di harapkan dapat memenuhi standar kualitas pendidikan keagamaan secara optimal serta menciptakan kriteria deasin yang modern. Perancangan kawasan Pesantren Modern bertujuan untuk memaksimalkn pengolahan ruang dan tampilan yang lebih sederhana sehingga dapat menghemat waktu dan biaya. Arsitektur modern merupakan gaya arsitektur yang megutamakan bentuk dan fungsi dibandingkan ornamen hias serta menjamin kesederhanaan.
Online panelonderzoek als panacee voor dalende respons in surveyonderzoek?
Authors: Luiten Annemieke 
Published: October 2022

Online panelonderzoek als panacee voor dalende respons in surveyonderzoek?
Dalende responscijfers en oplopende kosten laten onderzoekers nadenken over alternatieven voor traditioneel surveyonderzoek. Panels van inwoners zouden een alternatief kunnen zijn. In dit artikel wordt beschreven dat er verschillende soorten panels zijn, die verschillende implicaties hebben voor de inzetbaarheid en de kosten: panels waarmee bevindingen gegeneraliseerd kunnen worden naar de bevolking, zullen waarschijnlijk niet goedkoper zijn dan surveyonderzoek. Vrijwilligerspanels of panels op basis van river sampling kunnen goedkoper zijn, maar laten generalisatie waarschijnlijk niet toe. Wat voor soort panels waarvoor inzetbaar zijn, hangt af van wat het precieze doel is van een onderzoek: moet het de populatie (zoals alle personen van 16 jaar en ouder in een bepaalde gemeente) beschrijven, of moet het snel inzicht bieden in de mening van bewoners die zich hebben aangemeld voor dat doel?Het artikel beschrijft tevens de responstrends in officieel surveyonderzoek en het onderzoek dat het CBS heeft verricht naar de inzetbaarheid van een CBS-panel.
Copper Toxicity in Plants: Nutritional, Physiological, and Biochemical Aspects
Authors: José Rodrigues Cruz Flávio , Leone da Cruz Ferreira Raphael , Silva Conceição Susana , Ugulino Lima Edson , Ferreira de Oliveira Neto Cândido , Rodrigues Galvão Jessivaldo , da Cunha Lopes Sebastião , de Jesus Matos Viegas Ismael 
Published: October 2022

Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient for plants because it participates in several redox reactions and the structural constitution of the Fe–Cu cluster. Although it is required in small concentrations at toxic levels, Cu triggers physiological and biochemical disorders that reduce plant growth. In higher plants, the normal range of Cu concentration is in the range of 2–20 mg Cu kg−1 DW. Above the upper limit of this range, Cu toxicity may occur if the plants are not tolerant to the stress caused by toxic levels of Cu. In view of the growing agricultural and industrial activity that are the main sources of Cu addition in nature, understanding the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of Cu toxicity in plants constitutes an important tool for the selection of more tolerant genotypes based on biochemical and physiological indicators to heavy metal stresses. In this chapter, we propose a systematic review of plants grown under toxic levels of Cu, based on the responses of physiological, biochemical, and nutritional variables. Understanding these responses will contribute to improving the understanding of the basic mechanisms of stress tolerance by toxic levels of Cu in higher plants, providing valuable information for the improvement of genotypes resistant to toxic levels of Cu in the plant culture medium.
The Effects of Blade Configurations on Performance of a Tidal Vertical Axis Turbine
Authors: Amiri Tavasoli Sepideh , Jalal Hemmati Seyed , Niazi Saeed , Jalali Ali 
Published: October 2022

Hydrokinetic energy contains the major uncontrolled source of renewable marine energy. The highest level of converter technology readiness offered in the last three decades is TRL8–9, which is related to the first-generation horizontal axis converters. In low-depth calm waters, one of the best options to harvest tidal energy is vertical axis turbines. About 16% of the conceptual designs presented in the last 30 years apply this type of converter, which does not have a high level of technological readiness. In this study, a laboratory-designed vertical axis turbine has been introduced in which the effects of the number of blades, the blade profile, and attack angle on the performance of the turbine were analyzed. A 3D incompressible viscous turbulent computational finite volume approach is applied, with the spatial second-order and temporal first-order accuracies. The turbulent model k-ω SST was used to obtain the flow inside the turbine. Rotors include two, three, and six blades with three different profiles, including NACA2421, NACA16021, and NACA0020. Computational results reveal that the turbine with three blades and an angle of attack of +8 using the NACA2421 profile has a maximum generation capacity of about 4 kW, with a strength factor of 0.4 and a power factor of about 20%. The capacity, however, was lower for a higher number of blades.
Research Innovation: Advancing Arts-based Research Methods to Make Sense of Micro-moments Framed by Dementia
Authors: Mittner Lilli , Gjærum Rikke Gürgens 
Published: October 2022

In this article we discuss how to develop methodological tools to guide social innovation in the arts and health movement. We approach this question by making research within Artful Dementia Research Lab as transparent as possible by 1) describing study designs 2) presenting arts-based datasets, and 3) giving insight into what we define as aesthetic analysis. We outline four premisses of situated art intervention research and what it can add to practice-led research. We close with an invitation to the reader to further discuss how to make arts-based research methods more visible and bringing them to the table of established research standards.
A trajectory data compression algorithm based on spatio-temporal characteristics
Authors: Zhong Yanling , Kong Jinling , Zhang Juqing , Jiang Yizhu , Fan Xiao , Wang Zhuoyue 
Published: October 2022

Background
With the growth of trajectory data, the large amount of data causes a lot of problems with storage, analysis, mining, etc. Most of the traditional trajectory data compression methods are focused on preserving spatial characteristic information and pay little attention to other temporal information on trajectory data, such as speed change points or stop points.

Methods
A data compression algorithm based on the spatio-temporal characteristics (CASC) of the trajectory data is proposed to solve this problem. This algorithm compresses trajectory data by taking the azimuth difference, velocity difference and time interval as parameters in order to preserve spatial-temporal characteristics. Microsoft’s Geolife1.3 data set was used for a compression test to verify the validity of the algorithm. The compression results were compared with the traditional Douglas-Peucker (DP), Top-Down Time Ratio (TD-TR) and Opening Window (OPW) algorithms. Compression rate, the direction information of trajectory points, vertical synchronization distance, and algorithm type (online/offline) were used to evaluate the above algorithms.

Results
The experimental results show that with the same compression rate, the ability of the CASC to retain the forward direction trajectory is optimal, followed by TD-TR, DP, and then OPW. The velocity characteristics of the trajectories are also stably retained when the speed threshold value is not more than 100%. Unlike the DP and TD-TR algorithms, CASC is an online algorithm. Compared with OPW, which is also an online algorithm, CASC has better compression quality. The error distributions of the four algorithms have been compared, and CASC is the most stable algorithm. Taken together, CASC outperforms DP, TD-TR and OPW in trajectory compression.
Research on melanoma image segmentation by incorporating medical prior knowledge
Authors: Zhao Hong , Wang Aolong , Zhang Chenpeng 
Published: October 2022

Background
Melanoma image segmentation has important clinical value in the diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases. However, due to the difficulty of obtaining data sets, and the sample imbalance, the quality of melanoma image data sets is low, which reduces the accuracy and the effectiveness of computer aided diagnosis of melanoma image.

Objective
In this work, a method of melanoma image segmentation by incorporating medical prior knowledge is proposed to improve the fidelity of melanoma image segmentation.

Methods
Anatomical analysis of the melanoma image reveal the star shape of the melanoma image, which can be encoded into the loss function of the UNet model as a prior knowledge.

Results
Our experimental results on the ISIC-2017 data set demonstrate that the model by incorporating medical prior knowledge obtain a mIoU (Mean Intersection over Union) of 87.41%, a Dice Similarity Coefficient of 93.49%.

Conclusion
Therefore, the model by incorporating medical prior knowledge achieve the first rank in the segmentation task comparing to other models and has high clinical value.
Genome-wide identification, phylogenetic and expression pattern analysis of Dof transcription factors in blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)
Authors: Li Tianjie , Wang Xiaoyu , Elango Dinakaran , Zhang Weihua , Li Min , Zhang Fan , Pan Qi , Wu Ying 
Published: October 2022

Background
DNA binding with one finger (Dof) proteins are plant-specific transcription factor (TF) that plays a significant role in various biological processes such as plant growth and development, hormone regulation, and resistance to abiotic stress. The Dof genes have been identified and reported in multiple plants, but so far, the whole genome identification and analysis of Dof transcription factors in blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) have not been reported yet.

Methods
Using the Vaccinium genome, we have identified 51 VcDof genes in blueberry. We have further analyzed their physicochemical properties, phylogenetic relationships, gene structure, collinear analysis, selective evolutionary pressure, cis-acting promoter elements, and tissue and abiotic stress expression patterns.

Results
Fifty-one VcDof genes were divided into eight subfamilies, and the genes in each subfamily contained similar gene structure and motif ordering. A total of 24 pairs of colinear genes were screened; VcDof genes expanded mainly due to whole-genome duplication, which was subjected to strong purifying selection pressure during the evolution. The promoter of VcDof genes contains three types of cis-acting elements for plant growth and development, phytohormone and stress defense responsiveness. Expression profiles of VcDof genes in different tissues and fruit developmental stages of blueberry indicated that VcDof2 and VcDof45 might play a specific role in anthesis and fruit growth and development. Expression profiles of VcDof genes in different stress indicated that VcDof1, VcDof11, and VcDof15 were highly sensitive to abiotic stress. This study provides a theoretical basis for further clarifying the biological function of Dof genes in blueberry.
Effects of artificially-simulated acidification on potential soil nitrification activity and ammonia oxidizing microbial communities in greenhouse conditions
Authors: Zhang Xiaolan , Shan Xuan , Fu Hongdan , Sun Zhouping 
Published: October 2022

Background
Nitrification can lead to large quantities of nitrate leaching into the soil during vegetable production, which may result in soil acidification in a greenhouse system. A better understanding is needed of the nitrification process and its microbial mechanisms in soil acidification.

Materials and Methods
A simulated acidification experiment with an artificially manipulated pH environment (T1: pH 7.0; T2: pH 6.5; T3: pH 6.0; T4: pH 5.5; T5: pH 4.5) was conducted in potted tomatoes grown in greenhouse conditions. The abundance and community structures of ammonia oxidizers under different pH environment were analyzed using q-PCR and high-throughput sequencing methods, respectively.

Results and discussions
Soil acidification was accompanied by a reduction of soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), NH3 concentration, and enzyme activities. The abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) in the soil was higher than that of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in soils with a pH of 6.93 to 5.33. The opposite trend was observed when soil pH was 4.21. In acidified soils, the dominant strain of AOB was Nitrosospira, while the dominant strain of AOA was Nitrososphaera. The abundance and community structure of ammonia oxidizers were mainly affected by soil pH, NH4+ content, and microbial biomass. Soil nitrification activity (PNA) has a relationship with both AOA and AOB, in which the abundance of AOA was the crucial factor affecting PNA.

Conclusions
PNA was co-dominated by AOA and AOB in soils with simulated acidification. Changes of soil pH, NH4+, and microbial biomass caused by acidification were the main factors for the differences in the ammonia-oxidizing microbial community in greenhouse soils. Under acidic conditions (pH < 5), the pH significantly inhibited nitrification and had a strong negative effect on the production of tomatoes in greenhouse conditions.
Association of UV Radiation Exposure, Diagnostic Scrutiny, and Melanoma Incidence in US Counties
Authors: Adamson Adewole S. , Welch Heather , Welch H. Gilbert 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceAlthough UV radiation exposure is the conventionally reported risk factor for cutaneous melanoma, an alternative exposure is diagnostic scrutiny: the more physicians look for and biopsy moles, the more melanoma they find.ObjectiveTo assess the association of proxies for UV radiation exposure and diagnostic scrutiny with geographical patterns of melanoma incidence.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a cross-sectional ecological analysis of the 727 continental US counties reporting to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program (among a total of 3108 counties). Environmental data relevant to UV radiation exposure (from a variety of sources), Health Resources and Services Administration data relevant to diagnostic scrutiny, and SEER data on melanoma incidence among the non-Hispanic White population diagnosed with melanoma from 2012 through 2016 were combined. Data analysis was performed between January 2020 and July 2022.ExposuresThree UV radiation proxies (UV daily dose, cloud variability, and temperature variability) and 3 diagnostic scrutiny proxies (median household income, dermatologists, and primary care physician supply).Main Outcomes and MeasuresMelanoma incidence (in situ and invasive cancers).ResultsIn total, 235 333 melanomas were diagnosed. Proxies for UV radiation exposure changed gradually across geography, while melanoma incidence and proxies for diagnostic scrutiny changed abruptly across contiguous counties. The UV daily dose, a variable the National Cancer Institute specifically developed for melanoma analyses, was uncorrelated with incidence (r = 0.03; P = .42). For context, smoking prevalence was highly correlated with lung cancer incidence in the same counties (r = 0.81; P &amp;lt; .001). Melanoma incidence was correlated with median household income (r = 0.43; P &amp;lt; .001). Counties with no dermatologists and shortages of primary care physicians had the lowest incidence, while counties amply supplied with both had the highest, despite having lower mean UV daily dose. There was little association between melanoma incidence and melanoma mortality (r = 0.09; P = .05), while the analogous association in lung cancer was strong (r = 0.96; P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional ecological study, the current geographical pattern of melanoma incidence across US counties was less associated with proxies for UV radiation exposure and more so with proxies for diagnostic scrutiny. Incidence—the fundamental epidemiologic measure of disease frequency—now had little association with the feared outcome of melanoma: death.
Comparison of a Target Trial Emulation Framework vs Cox Regression to Estimate the Association of Corticosteroids With COVID-19 Mortality
Authors: Hoffman Katherine L. , Schenck Edward J. , Satlin Michael J. , Whalen William , Pan Di , Williams Nicholas , Díaz Iván 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceCommunication and adoption of modern study design and analytical techniques is of high importance for the improvement of clinical research from observational data.ObjectiveTo compare a modern method for statistical inference, including a target trial emulation framework and doubly robust estimation, with approaches common in the clinical literature, such as Cox proportional hazards models.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study used longitudinal electronic health record data for outcomes at 28-days from time of hospitalization within a multicenter New York, New York, hospital system. Participants included adult patients hospitalized between March 1 and May 15, 2020, with COVID-19 and not receiving corticosteroids for chronic use. Data were analyzed from October 2021 to March 2022.ExposuresCorticosteroid exposure was defined as more than 0.5 mg/kg methylprednisolone equivalent in a 24-hour period. For target trial emulation, exposures were corticosteroids for 6 days if and when a patient met criteria for severe hypoxia vs no corticosteroids. For approaches common in clinical literature, treatment definitions used for variables in Cox regression models varied by study design (no time frame, 1 day, and 5 days from time of severe hypoxia).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was 28-day mortality from time of hospitalization. The association of corticosteroids with mortality for patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 was assessed using the World Health Organization (WHO) meta-analysis of corticosteroid randomized clinical trials as a benchmark.ResultsA total of 3298 patients (median [IQR] age, 65 [53-77] years; 1970 [60%] men) were assessed, including 423 patients who received corticosteroids at any point during hospitalization and 699 patients who died within 28 days of hospitalization. Target trial emulation analysis found corticosteroids were associated with a reduced 28-day mortality rate, from 32.2%; (95% CI, 30.9%-33.5%) to 25.7% (95% CI, 24.5%-26.9%). This estimate is qualitatively identical to the WHO meta-analysis odds ratio of 0.66 (95% CI, 0.53-0.82). Hazard ratios using methods comparable with current corticosteroid research range in size and direction, from 0.50 (95% CI, 0.41-0.62) to 1.08 (95% CI, 0.80-1.47).Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that clinical research based on observational data can be used to estimate findings similar to those from randomized clinical trials; however, the correctness of these estimates requires designing the study and analyzing the data based on principles that are different from the current standard in clinical research.