bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficiency enhancement of ultrathin CIGS solar cells by optimal bandgap grading. Part II: finite-difference algorithm and double-layer antireflection coatings
Authors: Ahmad Faiz , Civiletti Benjamin J. , Monk Peter B. , Lakhtakia Akhlesh 
Published: October 2022

In Part I [Appl.
Opt. 58, 6067
(2019)APOPAI003-693510.1364/AO.58.006067], we used a coupled
optoelectronic model to optimize a thin-film

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(CIGS) solar cell with a
graded-bandgap photon-absorbing layer and a periodically corrugated
backreflector. The increase in efficiency due to the periodic
corrugation was found to be tiny and that, too, only for very thin
CIGS layers. Also, it was predicted that linear bandgap-grading
enhances the efficiency of the CIGS solar cells. However, a
significant improvement in solar cell efficiency was found using a
nonlinearly (sinusoidally) graded-bandgap CIGS photon-absorbing layer.
The optoelectronic model comprised two submodels: optical and
electrical. The electrical submodel applied the hybridizable
discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) scheme directly to equations for the
drift and diffusion of charge carriers. As our HDG scheme sometimes
fails due to negative carrier densities arising during the solution
process, we devised a new, to the best of our knowledge, computational
scheme using the finite-difference method, which also reduces the
overall computational cost of optimization. An unfortunate
normalization error in the electrical submodel in Part I came to
light. This normalization error did not change the overall conclusions
reported in Part I; however, some specifics did change. The new
algorithm for the electrical submodel is reported here along with
updated numerical results. We re-optimized the solar cells containing
a CIGS photon-absorbing layer with either (i) a homogeneous
bandgap, (ii) a linearly graded bandgap, or (iii) a
nonlinearly graded bandgap. Considering the meager increase in
efficiency with the periodic corrugation and additional complexity in
the fabrication process, we opted for a flat backreflector. The new
algorithm is significantly faster than the previous algorithm. Our new
results confirm efficiency enhancement of 84% (resp. 63%) when the
thickness of the CIGS layer is 600 nm (resp. 2200 nm),
similarly to Part I. A hundredfold concentration of sunlight can
increase the efficiency by an additional 27%. Finally, the currently
used 110-nm-thick layer of

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performs almost as well as optimal
single- and double-layer antireflection coatings.
Implementation approaches for leprosy prevention with single-dose rifampicin: A support tool for decision making
Authors: ter Ellen Fleur , Tielens Kaat , Fenenga Christine , Mieras Liesbeth , Schoenmakers Anne , Arif Mohammad A. , Veldhuijzen Nienke , Peters Ruth , Ignotti Eliane , Kasang Christa , Quao Benedict , Steinmann Peter , Banstola Nand Lal , Oraga Joshua , Budiawan Teky 
Published: October 2022

Background
In the past 15 years, the decline in annually detected leprosy patients has stagnated. To reduce the transmission of Mycobacterium leprae, the World Health Organization recommends single-dose rifampicin (SDR) as post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for contacts of leprosy patients. Various approaches to administer SDR-PEP have been piloted. However, requirements and criteria to select the most suitable approach were missing. The aims of this study were to develop an evidence-informed decision tool to support leprosy programme managers in selecting an SDR-PEP implementation approach, and to assess its user-friendliness among stakeholders without SDR-PEP experience.

Methodology
The development process comprised two phases. First, a draft tool was developed based on a literature review and semi-structured interviews with experts from various countries, organisations and institutes. This led to: an overview of existing SDR-PEP approaches and their characteristics; understanding the requirements and best circumstances for these approaches; and, identification of relevant criteria to select an approach. In the second phase the tool’s usability and applicability was assessed, through interviews and a focus group discussion with intended, inexperienced users; leprosy programme managers and non-governmental organization (NGO) staff.

Principal findings
Five SDR-PEP implementation approaches were identified. The levels of endemicity and stigma, and the accessibility of an area were identified as most relevant criteria to select an approach. There was an information gap on cost-effectiveness, while successful implementation depends on availability of resources. Five basic requirements, irrespective of the approach, were identified: stakeholder support; availability of medication; compliant health system; trained health staff; and health education. Two added benefits of the tool were identified: its potential value for advocacy and for training.

Conclusion
An evidence-informed SDR-PEP decision tool to support the selection of implementation approaches for leprosy prevention was developed. While the tool was evaluated by potential users, more research is needed to further improve the tool, especially health-economic studies, to ensure efficient and cost-effective implementation of SDR-PEP.
Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a third dose of BNT162b2 vaccine for COVID-19 after a primary regimen with BBIBP-CorV or BNT162b2 vaccines in Lima, Peru
Authors: Vargas-Herrera Natalia , Fernández-Navarro Manuel , Cabezudo Nestor E. , Soto-Becerra Percy , Solís-Sánchez Gilmer , Escobar-Agreda Stefan , Silva-Valencia Javier , Pampa-Espinoza Luis , Bado-Pérez Ricardo , Solari Lely , Araujo-Castillo Roger V. 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundThe administration of a third (booster) dose of COVID-19 vaccines in Peru initially employed the BNT162b2 (Pfizer) mRNA vaccine. The national vaccination program started with healthcare workers (HCW) who received BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) vaccine as primary regimen and elderly people previously immunized with BNT162b2. This study evaluated the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of the “booster” dose in these two groups in Lima, Peru.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study, recruiting participants from November to December of 2021 in Lima, Peru. We evaluated immunogenicity and reactogenicity in HCW and elderly patients previously vaccinated with either two doses of BBIBP-CorV (heterologous regimen) or BTN162b2 (homologous regimen). Immunogenicity was measured by anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels immediately before boosting dose and 14 days later. IgG geometric means (GM) and medians were obtained, and modeled using ANCOVA and quantile regressions.ResultsThe GM of IgG levels increased significantly after boosting: from 28.5±5.0 AU/mL up to 486.6±1.2 AU/mL (p<0.001) which corresponds to a 17-fold increase. The heterologous vaccine regimen produced higher GM of post-booster anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels, eliciting a 13% increase in the geometric mean ratio (95%CI: 1.02–1.27) and a median difference of 92.3 AU/ml (95%CI: 24.9–159.7). Both vaccine regimens were safe and well tolerated. Previous COVID-19 infection was also associated with higher pre and post-booster IgG GM levels.ConclusionAlthough both boosting regimens were highly immunogenic, two doses of BBIBP-CorV boosted with BTN162b2 produced a stronger IgG antibody response than the homologous BNT162b2 regimen in the Peruvian population. Additionally, both regimens were mildly reactogenic and well-tolerated.
New Evidence of Oral Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation on the Prognosis of Patients With Advanced Liver Disease
Authors: Lee Hankil , Yoo Jeong-Ju , Ahn Sang Hoon , Kim Beom Kyung 
Published: October 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Oral branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) might benefit patients with advanced liver disease. We assess its effects on prognosis compared with control from the meta-analysis.

METHODS:
Study end points were development of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), mortality, and overall liver-related events (LREs). Risk ratios (RRs) and hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using random effects model and heterogeneity using I2 statistic.

RESULTS:
Twenty-eight studies were included in this meta-analysis; 1,578 and 1,727 patients in oral BCAAs and control groups, respectively. From studies using RRs as outcome measures, oral BCAAs were better in preventing HE and LRE than controls, with RRs 0.684 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.497–0.941; P = 0.019) and 0.788 (95% CI 0.585–0.810; P < 0.001), respectively. Oral BCAAs had marginal effect on preventing HCC compared with control, with RR 0.791 (95% CI 0.619–1.011; P = 0.061); no significant difference in mortality was detected. From studies using HRs as outcome measures, oral BCAAs were superior to control in preventing LRE with adjusted HR 0.497 (95% CI 0.321–0.770; P = 0.002). In subgroups undergoing HCC resection, oral BCAAs had beneficial effect in preventing HE (RR 0.716, 95% CI 0.514–0.996; P = 0.047) and LRE (RR 0.716, 95% CI 0.595–0.860; P < 0.001).

DISCUSSION:
Oral BCAAs could afford clinical benefits in reducing HE and LRE risks, especially among patients undergoing HCC resection.
A Scholar in Foreign Warfare: Characterizing Dislocation in For Whom the Bell Tolls
Authors: Zamzami M Irfan 
Published: October 2022

This paper is aimed at analyzing literary devices used to establish the sense of dislocation in Ernest Hemingway’s For Whom the Bell Tolls. The research study uses objective approach to literature using E.M. Forster’s analytical tool and nomenclature to novel that is formulated in Aspects of the Novel. As the results demonstrated, dislocation is established through: 1) juxtaposition of the character’s history and 2) Hispanicization of the main character’s identity. The character’s “history” emphasizes the contrast of the main character’s life prior to the narrated events. Contradictions are apparent in the main character’s internal dialectic between being a scholar and becoming a soldier. The second approach to dislocation is caused by linguistic and cultural barrier barrier between Anglophone and Hispanophone characters demonstrated through deliberate Hispanicization. Keywords: dislocation; novel; Ernest Hemingway; character analysis.
Learning Folklore Using English Language Teaching (ELT) Materials for Students
Authors: Ellisafny Cut Aja Puan 
Published: October 2022

Folklore is a medium in learning English because it has a context of stories that are close to language learners to make it easier to understand. This study aims to determine and correct errors in learning English based on folklore. The method used in this research is English Language learning using a descriptive and evaluation method. researchers use descriptive and evaluative methods. In the use of descriptive methods, the research process begins with drafting basic assumptions and thought rules to be used in research. In the evaluative method, the process of using this method is to evaluate the teaching materials in the use of folklore. The results obtained from this study are knowing weaknesses and errors in learning, especially writing, reading, and speaking to 20 students. Researchers also provide guidance to correct errors in writing, reading and speaking. Keywords: English Language Teaching (ELT), Folklore, Research and Development.
Javanese Culture Maintenance by Keeping Traditional Javanese Food and Beverage Name in Tegal Regency Traditional Culinary Tourism
Authors: Atrinawati Atrinawati 
Published: October 2022

Culture is human being creation as a gift from God. One of ways of maintaining culture is keeping the tradition such as the traditional culinary. As part of the traditional culinary, keeping the traditional name of food and beverage becomes an important part of culture and language maintenane since many food and beverage today were named using international name to sound more hype. Furthermore, those traditional food and beverage name is also beneficial in supporting culinary tourism promotion, especially the traditional culinary tourism. This research shows how Tegal Regency local people supported by Tegal Regency local government through Tegal Regency Tourism Office preserves the old-traditional [1] and introduces the new-traditional [2] food and beverage names in Tegal Regency traditional culinary tourism promotion such as Kupat Glabed, Sega Lengko, Sate Blengong, Rujak Teplak, Pilus, Kacang Bogares, Teh Poci, and Es Lontrong. The result shows that using Tegal Regency old-traditional and new-traditional food and beverage name is beneficial for maintaining Javanese culture and language, particularly Tegal culture and Javanese language with Tegal Dialect as well as gaining more profit for local people and local government from culinary tourism business.
Javanese Language Maintenance Through Javanese Traditional and Modern (Folk) Songs
Authors: Sundari Wiwiek 
Published: October 2022

Javanese Language is learnt and studied by many people throughout the world as it has a complex system of language covering the letters (Javanese Language Orthography), the politeness level, and also the history and the culture behind the language. However, there is a concern on Javanese Language shift by its young speakers because they tend to use Indonesian Language as Indonesia’s Official Language, English as the world’s international language, or another popular language in the world like Korean with its K-Pop phenomenon. Javanese Language maintenance is then needed to keep these young generation as the language users who will pass it to the next generation. One of the ways to do it is embracing their world so that the language is considered good and beneficial for them as the young generation. Since music and song is very close to the young generation as they are very up to date with the latest trend of it, the language maintenance can be done through exposing Javanese kinds of music and songs. Recently, a kind of Javanese music called Campursari along with its songs are gaining popularity with the fame of The Godfather of The Brokenheart, Didi Kempot, who creates thousands of Campursari songs full of love stories in the lyric, particularly the brokenheart storied. Out of nowhere, the young generation, who are Javanese, who are Javanese but do not understand Javanese Language or even who are not Javanese and not understand Javanese Language are joining the crowd and becoming his fans that previously filled with the old generation. This research shows how Junior Highschool Students maintain the Javanese Language usage by liking the music, singing the songs and understanding the Javanese Language in the lyric. This research also observes whether they still know or able to sing traditional Javanese songs they exposed from their family, environment (neighbourhood) or Javanese Language class at school that shows their Javanese Language maintenance. Keywords: language maintenance, Javanese Language, students, Junior Highschool, Campursari, Javanese music and song
An Analysis of Translation Shift in Novel Shine by Jessica Jung and Its Translation
Authors: Latifah Nita Wardatul , Baharuddin Baharuddin , Udin Udin 
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze the translation shift and translation quality of novel shine. The objectives of this research are to (1) classify and describe types of level shifts in novel Shine, and (2) determine which type of level shift has the highest level of translation quality. The instrument used in this study is an indicator of translation quality which consists of indicators of accuracy, acceptability, and readability. This research employs both quantitative and qualitative methods. The data are collected through documentation and analyzed using comparative techniques. The researcher revealed that there are 18 cases of level shift found in novel Shine, with 11 cases of case shift and 7 cases of aspect shift. Based on the result of the calculation, it was found that case shift received 99% score of translation quality consisting 31 (100%) scores of accuracy, 30 (97%) scores of acceptability, and 31 (100%) scores of readability. Meanwhile, aspect shift received 97% scores of translation quality, consisting 19 (90%) scores of accuracy, 21 (100%) scores of acceptability, and 21 (100%) scores of readability. From the result of the calculation above it can be concluded that case shift received the highest score of translation quality.Keywords: level shift, translation quality, novel
Parabatai Bond’s Attachment Styles In Cassandra Clare’s Lady Midnight
Authors: Al Fitra Luvila , Jati Ariya 
Published: October 2022

Lady Midnight is an urban fantasy novel which centralizes around the special bond of the main characters, Emma Carstairs and Julian Blackthorn called parabatai. Parabatai designates a distinctive type of characterization, and the type ignites the writer’s interest to study further. This study intends to describe the characteristics of urban fantasy and attachment styles of the parabatai bond present in the novel. This study would be carried out as a library study. The analysis would come in two parts: the characteristics of urban fantasy and the attachment styles between Emma Carstairs and Julian Blackthorn. This study would be beneficial for those who wish to understand more about urban fantasy and attachment styles in a novel. As one of the most well-known works of Cassandra Clare, this novel discloses a broad description of urban fantasy and attachment styles.Keywords: urban fantasy; attachment styles; parabatai; shadowhunter; community law
Force dynamics as the path to the Spanish subjunctive
Authors: García Yanes Francisco Javier 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe causative construction poses a challenge to all mainstream approaches to Spanish mood. Mejías-Bikandi, Errapel. 2014. A cognitive account of mood in complements of causative predicates in Spanish.Hispania97(4), 651–665, elaborating on his previous approach (Mejías-Bikandi, Errapel. 1998. Presupposition and old information in the use of the subjunctive mood in Spanish.Hispania81(4), 941–948), which associates the indicative to information that is pragmatically asserted (i.e., presented as both true and new), claims that the use of the subjunctive in the complements of volitive and causative verbs results from the fact that these complements are not independently grounded and so cannot be asserted. His proposal, though, raises some serious objections. In this paper, an alternative account is presented, whereby the use of the subjunctive in this context is understood as reflecting the antagonist’s viewpoint and epistemic assessment on the goal process within a force dynamics pattern.
A billion times smaller than us: helping students comprehend the molecular scale
Authors: Sidhu Jaspreet , McIndoe J. Scott 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Comprehension of molecular scale is an essential component of a chemistry student’s education. However, it is especially difficult for most to wrap their heads around just how small the nanometer scale is at which the molecules they are taught about exist. Using 3D printing techniques to aid in visualization, we can model spherical molecules, namely buckminsterfullerene (C60) and the cuboctahedral gold cluster Au55, and scale them up by eight orders of magnitude. The new size of these molecules is comparable to a globe 13 cm in diameter, a model of the Earth scaled down by eight orders of magnitude. Seeing and holding both of these objects resized to similar dimensions, students are able to get a sense of how the molecular scale compares to the handheld scale. The fact that the molecule is scaled up by a factor of 1024 in volume also nicely contextualizes the magnitude of Avogadro’s number (∼0.6 × 1024), the constant of proportionality that converts the molecular scale to the handheld scale.
Wehrlite xenoliths and petrogenetic implications, Hosséré Do Guessa volcano, Adamawa plateau, Cameroon
Authors: Nkouandou Oumarou Faarouk , Bardintzeff Jacques-Marie , Ndassa Zénab Nouraan Njankouo , Mefire Aminatou Fagny , Haman Adama 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Peridotite xenoliths of wehrlite composition, scarcely known in Adamawa plateau, Cameroon, were sampled by Mio-Pliocene basanites from Hosséré Do Guessa volcano. Their origins are discussed and elucidated trough petrography and mineral chemistry. Studied wehrlites exhibit poikilitic or protogranular textures and are composed of four main mantle phases (high Mg-olivine, augite, enstatite and Al-spinel). Petrographic and microprobe (Camebax SX100) chemical data (Fo90.8-91.4 olivine, Wo39.4-42.0 augite, En90.5-91.1 enstatite and Al-spinel) suggest a mantle origin for the Hosséré Do Guessa wehrlites. Hence, these rocks could not be considered cumulate. They have been equilibrated between 1,140 and 1,220°C, at pressures of 1.5–2.0 GPa, at 50–66 km deep, below the crust-mantle boundary. Wehrlites might result in reactions with carbonate/carbonatite melt, accompanying CO2 degassing and metasomatism by fluid phases. They suffered transpressional tectonics, during movement at Tertiary times of Pan-African strike-slip-faults, after solid-state tectonic relaxation.
Effect of water/moisture migration in wood preheated by hot press on sandwich compression formation
Authors: Huang Rongfeng , Feng Shanghuan , Gao Zhiqiang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
By regulating preheating time, effects of water/moisture immigration and distribution in wood on sandwich compression formation were investigated in this study. Kiln-dried poplar wood was first immersed in water to result in high moisture content (MC) layers on wood surfaces. These wood specimens were then conditioned at room temperature in sealed plastic bags and preheated with hot press platens at 180 °C to drive water/moisture into wood. Wood preheated for 10–600 s contained one to two high MC layers all the time. Extended preheating time moved the high MC layers from wood surfaces to the center. Mechanical pressure on preheated wood specimens resulted in sandwich compressed wood with the compressed layer(s) position(s) consistent to that of the high MC layer(s) before compression. The positions of compressed layer(s) and MC peak(s) both increased exponentially as a function of the logarithm of preheating time. Wood preheating by platens led to water/moisture migration and therefore controlled water/moisture distribution, thus promoting the softening of specific wood layer(s), which is mainly responsible for sandwich compression. A logarithmical model that can be used for predicting the position(s) of the compressed layer(s) was developed.
Power minimization of gas transmission network in fully transient state using metaheuristic methods
Authors: Moetamedzadeh Hamid Reza , Rafsanjani Hossein Khodabakhshi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In gas transmission networks, the pressure drop caused by friction is one of the main operation costs that is compensated through consuming energy in the compressors. In the competitive market of energy, considering the demand variation is inevitable. Hence, the power minimization should be carried out in transient state. Since the minimization problem is severely nonlinear and nonconvex subjected to nonlinear constraints, utilizing a powerful minimization tool with a straightforward procedure is very helpful. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed based on metaheuristic algorithms for power minimization of a gas transmission network in fully transient conditions. The metaheuristic algorithms, unlike the gradient dependent method, can solve the complicated minimization problem without simplification. In the proposed strategy, the cost function is not expressed explicitly as a function of minimization variables; therefore, the transient minimization can be as precise as possible. The minimization is carried out by a straightforward methodology in each time sample, which leads to more precise solutions as compared to the quasi transient minimization. The metaheuristic minimizer, called the particle swarm optimization gravitational search algorithm (PSOGSA), is utilized to find the optimum operating set points. The numerical results also confirm the accuracy and well efficiency of the proposed method.