bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Five‐year trends in induction of labour in a large Australian metropolitan maternity service
Authors: O’ Sullivan Caoimhe , Wilson Erin , Beckmann Michael 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThe World Health Organisation recommends that induction of labour (IOL) be performed only with a clear medical indication. Australian rates of IOL appear to be rising, with more than one‐third of women having labour induced. This may reflect changing clinician and consumer perceptions of the benefits and potential harms of term IOL.AimsTo understand recent trends in the rates and indications for IOL.Materials and MethodsA retrospective cohort study was undertaken in a Level 6 maternity facility, in metropolitan South‐East Queensland, Australia. Routinely collected data were gathered between 2015 and 2020. Exclusion criteria were multiple pregnancies, stillbirth and pre‐labour rupture of membranes. Pre‐labour rupture of membranes was excluded due to inability to assess if IOL for this indication was a true induction or augmentation of labour. Indications for induction were grouped into maternal, fetal, elective indications, ‘post‐dates’ and decreased fetal movements (DFM). Rates of IOL and frequency of the various indications were compared over time.ResultsAbout 46 530 livebirths occurred during the study period, with labour induced in 31.7%. The proportion of women undergoing IOL increased from 29.8% in 2015 to 33.4% in 2019 (P < 0.001). The proportion of inductions for DFM and elective indications increased over time, with a substantial decrease in ‘post‐dates’ IOL.ConclusionsThis large contemporary analysis of IOL trends in Australia has demonstrated rising rates and changing indications for IOL. There remain large knowledge gaps in areas such as care of women with DFM, definitions and management of ‘post‐term pregnancy’, and the economic and service impacts of rising trends in the rate of IOL.
Anti‐KIT monoclonal antibody CDX‐0159 induces profound and durable mast cell suppression in a healthy volunteer study
Authors: Alvarado Diego , Maurer Marcus , Gedrich Richard , Seibel Scott B. , Murphy Michael B. , Crew Linda , Goldstein Joel , Crocker Andrea , Vitale Laura A. , Morani Pamela A. , Thomas Lawrence J. , Hawthorne Thomas R. , Keler Tibor , Young Diane , Crowley Elizabeth , Kankam Martin , Heath‐Chiozzi Margo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundMast cells (MC) are powerful inflammatory immune sentinel cells that drive numerous allergic, inflammatory, and pruritic disorders when activated. MC‐targeted therapies are approved in several disorders, yet many patients have limited benefit suggesting the need for approaches that more broadly inhibit MC activity. MCs require the KIT receptor and its ligand stem cell factor (SCF) for differentiation, maturation, and survival. Here we describe CDX‐0159, an anti‐KIT monoclonal antibody that potently suppresses MCs in human healthy volunteers.MethodsCDX‐0159‐mediated KIT inhibition was tested in vitro using KIT‐expressing immortalized cells and primary human mast cells. CDX‐0159 safety and pharmacokinetics were evaluated in a 13‐week good laboratory practice (GLP)‐compliant cynomolgus macaque study. A single ascending dose (0.3, 1, 3, and 9 mg/kg), double‐blinded placebo‐controlled phase 1a human healthy volunteer study (n = 32) was conducted to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of CDX‐0159.ResultsCDX‐0159 inhibits SCF‐dependent KIT activation in vitro. Fc modifications in CDX‐0159 led to elimination of effector function and reduced serum clearance. In cynomolgus macaques, multiple high doses were safely administered without a significant impact on hematology, a potential concern for KIT inhibitors. A single dose of CDX‐0159 in healthy human subjects was generally well tolerated and demonstrated long antibody exposure. Importantly, CDX‐0159 led to dose‐dependent, profound suppression of plasma tryptase, a MC‐specific protease associated with tissue MC burden, indicative of systemic MC suppression or ablation.ConclusionCDX‐0159 administration leads to systemic mast cell ablation and may represent a safe and novel approach to treat mast cell‐driven disorders.
Camp methodologies: The “how” of studying camps
Authors: Weima Yolanda , Brankamp Hanno 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis special section contributes to the growing interdisciplinary field of camp studies by examining the ways in which scholars methodologically approach and study camps and camp‐like spaces. The characteristics of camps, which render them of interest to scholarship in the first place, simultaneously generate methodological, ethical, and practical questions for research. Yet comparatively few studies have explicitly addressed the methods and methodologies in camp research. How do camp contexts shape our underlying research philosophies and how do particular ways of doing research impact our conceptualisations of camps? The contributors to this special section provide a variety of answers to these questions, drawing on empirical research in/on current and historical camp settings. Overall, we gesture towards “camp methodologies” not as a set of prescribed tools, techniques, or epistemologies to be followed when studying camps but as a shorthand for approaches that consider first, how camp geographies delimit research activities and second, how methodological choices in turn (re)construct the camp conceptually in different ways. Ultimately, this collection aims to encourage critical debates and reflections to shed more light on the methodological effects, positionalities, responsibilities, complicities, and continuing necessities of studying camps.
How to measure flower ultraviolet reflectance using digital photography
Authors: Napoleone Francesca , Manzini Davide , Burrascano Sabina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsFlower ultraviolet (UV) reflectance strongly influences insects’ ability to detect flowers and locate pollen/nectar sources. Although included in the TRY database, the lack of a cost‐effective standardised method of measurement hampers the availability of information on this key floral trait. Digital photography and image processing allow for a novel approach to flower UV reflectance measurement that is both accessible and accurate.LocationEuropean semi‐natural grasslands.MethodsWe used a UV‐LED light and a mirrorless camera with a filter, which represents a low‐cost equipment for narrow emission/reflection photography (350–380 nm). Flowers were photographed with two standards of known reflection, and UV reflectance values were obtained using open‐source image processing software. We measured UV reflectance for 57 plant species typical of European semi‐natural grasslands.ResultsOur values substantially matched the categorical classes obtained by analogue photography available in TRY and showed a highly significant relationship with spectrophotometric measures.ConclusionsThe method proposed here overcomes the one based on analogue photography and subjective visual estimates, and represents an easy and low‐cost alternative to spectrophotometry. It may promote the standardised measurement of flower UV reflectance and broaden the information of this trait globally, meeting the needs of functional ecology and trait‐based community assembly studies.
Do experimental drought stress and species' drought sensitivity influence herbivory in tropical tree seedlings?
Authors: Muehleisen Andrew J. , Manzané‐Pinzón Eric , Engelbrecht Bettina M. J. , Jones F. Andrew , Comita Liza S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn tropical forests, drought and herbivory represent two potent stresses on seedlings. Climate change is expected to increase the frequency of severe droughts in many tropical forests, which may influence seedling vulnerability to herbivores if drought stress affects seedling palatability. Furthermore, contrasting selective pressures in wetter vs drier forests could mean that species well‐adapted to herbivores are less drought resistant and vice versa. In this study, we measured seedling performance and herbivory in a common garden experiment where seedlings of 15 tree species were subjected to irrigation or rainfall exclusion treatments across two dry seasons in Panama. Water manipulation had no effects on foliar herbivory during the experiment for all species combined and for 14 of the 15 focal species when analyzed separately. There was large variation among species in herbivore damage, but no relationship between the sensitivity of species to drought and the amount of herbivory they experienced. Altogether, our findings suggest that increasing drought stress is unlikely to directly alter tropical tree seedling susceptibility to herbivore attack in this forest. Additional studies are needed to determine whether drought alters tropical plant‐herbivore interactions via other mechanisms, such as through changes in herbivorous insect communities and/or increases in fitness costs of herbivory.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
SARS‐CoV‐2 and its variants of concern including Omicron: A never ending pandemic
Authors: Mohapatra Ranjan K. , Kuppili Satwik , Kumar Suvvari Tarun , Kandi Venkataramana , Behera Ajit , Verma Sarika , Kudrat‐E‐Zahan  , Biswal Susanta K. , Al‐Noor Taghreed H. , El‐ajaily Marei M. , Sarangi Ashish K. , Dhama Kuldeep 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 is associated with high morbidity and mortality. This zoonotic virus has emerged in Wuhan of China in December 2019 from bats and pangolins probably and continuing the human‐to‐human transmission globally since last two years. As there is no efficient approved treatment, a number of vaccines were developed at an unprecedented speed to counter the pandemic. Moreover, vaccine hesitancy is observed that may be another possible reason for this never ending pandemic. In the meantime, several variants and mutations were identified and causing multiple waves globally. Now the safety and efficacy of these vaccines are debatable and recommended to determine whether vaccines are able to interrupt transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 variant of concern (VOC). Moreover, the VOCs continue to emerge that appear more transmissible and less sensitive to virus‐specific immune responses. In this overview, we have highlighted various drugs and vaccines used to counter this pandemic along with their reported side effects. Moreover, the preliminary data for the novel VOC “Omicron” are discussed with the existing animal models.
Metastatic risk profile of microscopic lymphatic and venous invasion in papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Machens Andreas , Lorenz Kerstin , Dralle Henning 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to define the suitability of microscopic lymphatic and venous invasion for prediction of lymph node and distant metastases in papillary thyroid cancer.DesignStratification by microscopic lymphatic and venous invasion, and multivariable analyses on lymph node and distant metastases including microscopic lymphatic and venous invasion as independent variables.SettingTertiary referral centre.Participants422 patients who had ≥5 lymph nodes removed at initial thyroidectomy.Main outcome measuresLymph node and distant metastases.ResultsPatients with microscopic lymphatic invasion had larger primary tumours than patients without and more often revealed microscopic venous invasion, multifocal tumour growth and lymph node metastases. Patients with microscopic venous invasion exhibited larger primary tumours than patients without and more commonly had microscopic lymphatic invasion, poor tumour differentiation, lymph node metastases and distant metastases. Prediction of lymph node metastases by microscopic lymphatic invasion was better than prediction of distant metastases by microscopic venous invasion regarding sensitivity (61.0 vs. 33.3%) and positive predictive value (92.6 vs. 20.9%), comparable regarding specificity (89.6 and 93.4%), and worse regarding negative predictive value (51.9 vs. 95.3%) and accuracy (70.1 vs. 87.7%). On multivariable logistic regression analysis, microscopic lymphatic invasion was associated with lymph node metastasis (odds ratio [OR] 11.1) and multifocal tumour growth (OR 2.4), whereas primary tumour size (OR 5.8 for tumours >40 mm relative to tumours ≤20 mm) and multifocal tumour growth (OR 3.1) were associated with distant metastasis.ConclusionStricter histopathological criteria are warranted to enhance the utility of microscopic vascular invasion for prediction of distant metastases in papillary thyroid cancer.
Outbreak of occupational allergic contact dermatitis from a smartphone screen protector glue
Authors: Herreros‐Montejano Francisca , Mowitz Martin , Heras‐Mendaza Felipe , Sanz‐Sánchez Tatiana , Gatica‐Ortega María Elena , López‐Mateos Ana , Valenzuela‐Oñate Cristian , Faura‐Berruga Cristina , Zaragoza‐Ninet Violeta , Bruze Magnus , Svedman Cecilia , Pastor‐Nieto María Antonia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundSensitization to acrylates is a concern in the occupational/environmental dermatology field.ObjectiveTo describe an occupational allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) outbreak from a smartphone screen protector glue.MethodsThirteen affected workers of a chain store selling phone screen protectors were investigated in five Spanish dermatology departments. The glue datasheet and label were assessed. A chemical analysis of the glue was performed. Based on this, some patients underwent additional testing.ResultsAll patients (all female, mean age: 25) had severe fingertip dermatitis.The datasheet/label indicated that the glue contained isobornyl acrylate (IBOA), a “photoinitiator” and polyurethane oligomer. The company informed us that the ingredients were polyurethane acrylate, “methacrylate” (unspecified), acrylic acid, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, propylmethoxy siloxane, and photoinitiator 184. Isobornyl acrylate (or IBOA) and N,N‐dimethylacrylamide (DMAA) were patch tested in eight and two cases, respectively, with negative results.A chemical analysis revealed 4‐acryloylmorpholine (ACMO); isobornyl methacrylate (IBMA), and lauryl acrylate in one glue sample. Seven patients were patch tested with dilutions of the identified substances and six of seven were positive for ACMO 0.5% pet.ConclusionAn outbreak of occupational ACD, likely from ACMO in a glue is described. Further investigations are needed to corroborate the role played by each compound identified in the chemical analyses.
Pregnancy outcomes after stoma surgery for inflammatory bowel disease: The results of a retrospective multicentre audit
Authors:   The PAPooSE Study Group*
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimThere is a paucity of data on pregnancies in women with stomas due to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study was to assess stoma, IBD, obstetric and neonatal outcomes in pregnant patients with IBD and a stoma.MethodMulticentre retrospective audit in 15 UK hospitals. Pregnancy, stoma and neonatal outcomes were elicited from routinely collected hospital records.ResultsData on 82 pregnancies from 77 patients (mean age 31.4 years, 60.9% Crohn's disease, 35.4% ulcerative colitis, 3.6% IBD‐U) were included. Stoma types included ileostomy in 72 (88%) and colostomy in 10 (12%) women. There was one reported miscarriage, one still birth and 80 live births. Delivery occurred in 58 cases by caesarean section (CS), of which 44 were performed electively and 14 as emergency CS. The overall CS rate was 73%. Premature delivery before week 37 occurred in 19% and birth weight <2,500 g in 17%. Significant stoma related complications occurred during 20 (24%) pregnancies and included stoma prolapse in nine cases (2 required surgery), parastomal hernias in three cases (2 required surgery) and small bowel obstructions in seven cases (3 required surgery).ConclusionsPregnancy for women who previously had stoma formation for IBD is associated with higher rates of caesarean section and stoma complications. Future prospective studies should capture data, including patient reported outcomes, to gather a full picture on the impact of pregnancy after stoma surgery for IBD.
Donor‐reported barriers to living kidney donor follow‐up
Authors: Orandi Babak J. , Reed Rhiannon D. , Qu Haiyan , Owens Grace , Brooks Sydney , Killian A. Cozette , Kumar Vineeta , Sheikh Saulat S. , Cannon Robert M. , Anderson Douglas J. , Lewis Cora E. , Locke Jayme E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite regulations mandating follow‐up laboratory testing for living kidney donors, less than half of transplant centers are in compliance. We sought to understand barriers to follow‐up testing from the donors’ perspective.MethodsWe surveyed our center's living kidney donors. Binary logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with follow‐up testing completion.ResultsOf 185 living kidney donors, 110 (59.4%) participated. Among them, 82 (74.5%) completed 6‐month laboratory testing, 76 (69.1%) completed 12‐month testing, 68 (61.8%) completed both, and 21 (19.0%) completed neither. Six‐month testing completion was strongly associated with 12‐month testing completion (OR 9.74, 95%CI: 2.23‐42.50; p = .002). Those who disagreed with the statements, “Getting labs checked wasn't a priority for me,” (OR for completing 6‐month testing: 15.05, 95%CI: 3.70‐61.18; p < .001; OR for completing 12‐month testing: 5.85, 95%CI: 1.94‐17.63; p = .002); and, “I forgot to get labs drawn [until I was reminded]” (OR for completing 6‐month testing: 6.93, 95%CI: 1.59‐30.08; p = .01; OR for completing 12‐month testing: 6.55, 95%CI: 1.98‐21.63; p = .002) were more likely to complete testing.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the only study providing perspective on donor insights regarding the need for follow‐up testing post donation. Interventions to influence living donor attitudes toward follow‐up testing may improve follow‐up.
Risk of multiple myeloma and other malignancies among first‐ and second‐degree relatives of patients with multiple myeloma: A population‐based study
Authors: Langseth Øystein O. , Myklebust Tor Å. , Johannesen Tom B. , Hjertner Øyvind , Waage Anders 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesWe conducted a population‐based study to assess the risk for multiple myeloma (MM) and other cancers in first‐ and second‐degree relatives of MM patients, and to investigate whether evidence of anticipation is present in familial MM.MethodsWe retrieved 24 845 first‐degree relatives and 41 008 second‐degree relatives of 7847 MM patients, and 86 984 first‐degree relatives, and 138 660 second‐degree relatives of 26 511 matched controls. A Cox model was used to assess the risk for MM and other cancers in relatives of MM patients. Anticipation was assessed by a Cox model, where all parents and offspring of MM patients were included in the risk set.ResultsIn second‐degree relatives of MM patients, no overall significant association with an MM diagnosis was observed (HR 1.99; 95%CI:0.86–4.57). In parents and offspring of MM patients, we found no significant difference in the ages at onset of MM (HR 1.28;95% CI:0.50–3.28). In affected parent‐offspring pairs, we observed no statistically significant difference in overall survival between the generations (HR 0.74; 95%CI:0.20–2.69).ConclusionsOverall, second‐degree relatives of MM patients were not associated with an increased risk for MM. Our study supports that genetic anticipation is not present in familial MM.
Stiripentol inhibits spike‐and‐wave discharges in animal models of absence seizures: A new mechanism of action involving T‐type calcium channels
Authors: Riban Veronique , Heulard Isabelle , Reversat Lucie , Si Hocine Hakim , Verleye Marc 
Published: February 2022

SummaryObjectiveStiripentol (STP; Diacomit®) is an antiepileptic drug indicated for Dravet syndrome that has been identified as a γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABAergic) positive allosteric modulator. Dravet syndrome is characterized by multiple seizure types: generalized tonic–clonic, focal, myoclonic, and absence seizures. In addition to its antiepileptic effects on tonic–clonic seizures, STP has also been reported to reduce the frequency of atypical absence seizures in patients. Our study focused on STP potential effects on absence seizures, to better characterize its full spectrum of mechanisms of action.MethodsSTP effects on absence seizures were quantified by electroencephalographic recording in two animal models: rats treated with a low dose of pentylenetetrazol (20 mg/kg ip) and rats from the WAG/Rij strain. In addition, we characterized STP effects on T‐type calcium channel activity. Peak currents were recorded with manual patch clamp on cells transfected with cDNA encoding for the human isoform for Cav3.1, Cav3.2, and Cav3.3.ResultsSTP administered before pentylenetetrazol almost completely abolished the generation of spike‐and‐wave discharges (SWDs) at the dose of 300 mg/kg. At this dose, STP also statistically significantly decreased SWD cumulated duration and number in WAG/Rij rats. Its antiepileptic effect was maintained in WAG/Rij rats, whose seizures were aggravated by the GABA agonist THIP (gaboxadol hydrochloride). Furthermore, electrophysiological recordings showed that STP inhibits T‐type calcium channel peak activity, with a higher specificity for the Cav3.3 subtype.SignificanceIn addition to its previously characterized anticonvulsive properties, these data highlight a new mechanism of action of STP on abnormal thalamocortical activity. This strong antiabsence effect on seizures is correlated with an inhibition of T‐type calcium channels. This new mechanism of action could be implicated in the specificity of STP therapeutic effects in Dravet syndrome.
Structure and function of language networks in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Binding Lawrence P. , Dasgupta Debayan , Giampiccolo Davide , Duncan John S. , Vos Sjoerd B. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIndividuals with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) may have significant language deficits. Language capabilities may further decline following temporal lobe resections. The language network, comprising dispersed gray matter regions interconnected with white matter fibers, may be atypical in individuals with TLE. This review explores the structural changes to the language network and the functional reorganization of language abilities in TLE. We discuss the importance of detailed reporting of patient's characteristics, such as, left‐ and right‐sided focal epilepsies as well as lesional and nonlesional pathological subtypes. These factors can affect the healthy functioning of gray and/or white matter. Dysfunction of white matter and displacement of gray matter function could concurrently impact their ability, in turn, producing an interactive effect on typical language organization and function. Surgical intervention can result in impairment of function if the resection includes parts of this structure‐function network that are critical to language. In addition, impairment may occur if language function has been reorganized and is included in a resection. Conversely, resection of an epileptogenic zone may be associated with recovery of cortical function and thus improvement in language function. We explore the abnormality of functional regions in a clinically applicable framework and highlight the differences in the underlying language network. Avoidance of language decline following surgical intervention may depend on tailored resections to avoid critical areas of gray matter and their white matter connections. Further work is required to elucidate the plasticity of the language network in TLE and to identify sub‐types of language representation, both of which will be useful in planning surgery to spare language function.