bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does the Size of Microgels Influence the Toughness of Microgel‐Reinforced Hydrogels?
Authors: Kessler Michael , Nassisi Quentin , Amstad Esther 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRapid advances in the biomedical field increasingly often demand soft materials that can be processed into complex 3D shapes while being able to reliably bear significant loads. Granular hydrogels have the potential to serve as artificial tissues because they can be 3D printed into complex shapes and their composition can be tuned over short length scales. Unfortunately, granular hydrogels are typically soft such that they cannot be used for load‐bearing applications. To address this shortcoming, individual microgels can be connected through a percolating network, such that they introduce the double network toughening mechanism into granular hydrogels. However, the influence of the microgel size and concentration on the processing and toughness of microgel‐reinforced hydrogels (MRHs) remains to be elucidated. Here, it is demonstrated that processing and toughness depend on the inter‐microgel connectivity, while the stress at break is solely dependent on the microgel size. These findings offer an in‐depth understanding of how liquid‐ and paste‐like precursors containing soft, deformable microgels can be processed into bulk microstructured soft materials and how the size and concentration of these microgels influence the mechanical properties of microgel‐reinforced hydrogels.
Tracking of rigid head motion duringMRIusing an EEGsystem
Authors: Laustsen Malte , Andersen Mads , Xue Rong , Madsen Kristoffer H. , Hanson Lars G. 
Published: April 2022

PurposeTo demonstrate a novel method for tracking of head movements during MRI using electroencephalography (EEG) hardware for recording signals induced by native imaging gradients.Theory and MethodsGradient switching during simultaneous EEG–fMRI induces distortions in EEG signals, which depend on subject head position and orientation. When EEG electrodes are interconnected with high‐impedance carbon wire loops, the induced voltages are linear combinations of the temporal gradient waveform derivatives. We introduce head tracking based on these signals (CapTrack) involving 3 steps: (1) phantom scanning is used to characterize the target sequence and a fast calibration sequence; (2) a linear relation between changes of induced signals and head pose is established using the calibration sequence; and (3) induced signals recorded during target sequence scanning are used for tracking and retrospective correction of head movement without prolonging the scan time of the target sequence. Performance of CapTrack is compared directly to interleaved navigators.ResultsHead‐pose tracking at 27.5 Hz during echo planar imaging (EPI) was demonstrated with close resemblance to rigid body alignment (mean absolute difference: [0.14 0.38 0.15]‐mm translation, [0.30 0.27 0.22]‐degree rotation). Retrospective correction of 3D gradient‐echo imaging shows an increase of average edge strength of 12%/−0.39% for instructed/uninstructed motion with CapTrack pose estimates, with a tracking interval of 1561 ms and high similarity to interleaved navigator estimates (mean absolute difference: [0.13 0.33 0.12] mm, [0.28 0.15 0.22] degrees).ConclusionMotion can be estimated from recordings of gradient switching with little or no sequence modification, optionally in real time at low computational burden and synchronized to image acquisition, using EEG equipment already found at many research institutions.
Selective excitation localized by the Bloch–Siegert shift and a B1+ gradient
Authors: Martin Jonathan B. , Srinivas Sai Abitha , Vaughn Christopher E. , Sun Heng , Griswold Mark A. , Grissom William A. 
Published: April 2022

PurposeTo perform ‐selective excitation using the Bloch–Siegert shift for spatial localization.Theory and MethodsA ‐selective excitation is produced by an radiofrequency (RF) pulse consisting of two summed component pulses: an off‐resonant pulse that induces a ‐dependent Bloch–Siegert frequency shift and a frequency‐selective excitation pulse. The passband of the pulse can be tailored by adjusting the frequency content of the frequency‐selective pulse, as in conventional gradient‐localized excitation. Fine magnetization profile control is achieved by using the Shinnar–Le Roux algorithm to design the frequency‐selective excitation pulse. Simulations analyzed the pulses' robustness to off‐resonance, their suitability for multi‐echo spin echo pulse sequences, and how their performance compares to that of rotating‐frame selective excitation pulses. The pulses were evaluated experimentally on a 47.5 mT MRI scanner using an RF gradient transmit coil. Multiphoton resonances produced by the pulses were characterized and their distribution across predicted.ResultsWith correction for varying across the desired profile, the proposed pulses produced selective excitation with the specified profile characteristics. The pulses were robust against off‐resonance and RF amplifier distortion, and suitable for multi‐echo pulse sequences. Experimental profiles closely matched simulated patterns.ConclusionThe Bloch–Siegert shift can be used to perform ‐gradient‐free selective excitation, enabling the excitation of slices or slabs in RF gradient‐encoded MRI.
Musculoskeletal mimics of cervical radiculopathy
Authors: Chiou‐Tan Faye Y. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMusculoskeletal mimics of cervical radiculopathy will be explored in this AANEM monograph. A review of the literature and textbooks was conducted. Musculoskeletal cervical radiculopathy mimics include: (1) head/neck pain, such as neck tension, cervicogenic headache, and temporomandibular disorder; (2) referred pain from shoulder pathology, such as rotator cuff tears/impingement; (3) elbow region abnormalities, including medial/lateral epicondylitis; (4) wrist/hand conditions, such as DeQuervain′s tenosynovitis and intersection syndrome; (5) muscle connective tissue disorders, including myofascial trigger points; (6) conditions that have decreased range of motion, including frozen shoulder and rounded shoulders with tight pectoral/scalene muscles; (7) conditions with joint hyperlaxity and instability, as seen in post‐stroke shoulder subluxation; (8) vascular conditions, such as thoracic outlet syndrome; and (9) autonomic controlled soft tissue changes associated with complex regional pain syndrome. Formulating a differential diagnosis and recognizing mimics of cervical radiculopathy can decrease the time between symptom onset and diagnosis/treatment plan.
Demonstration gardens as informal education strategies in rehabilitation efforts
Authors: Bechtold Rachel , Shoulders Catherine , Popp Jennie , Johnson Don , Wood Lisa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUse of demonstration plots showcasing native forbs and grasses in public greenspaces or along well‐traveled paths can be helpful in increasing awareness of beneficial plant species. Signage can be used as an educational delivery method—such as that used in arboretums and museums—to bring awareness of the importance of biodiversity, pollinators, and native species. Additionally, using species that are considered aesthetic, or which create positive feelings in the viewer, may influence local trail users to further incorporate the same plants in their community. This study evaluated the process and efficacy of installing a demonstration plot along a multiuse trail in Southeast Kansas to educate the community on rehabilitative plots. While many demonstration and community gardens use an active approach to learning, evaluating more passive or informal techniques is also useful. The greatest perceived challenges for this case study were the allotment of time and money for initial costs of the demonstration plot as well as addressing methodology for plant blindness in viewers.
Flame‐retardant, thermal and mechanical properties ofPLA/ramie fiber composites
Authors: Zhan Jianghu , Wang Jiachang , Lin Jun , Zhao Guoqun , Ji Shengcheng , Li Xiaoling , Li Jiao , Wang Guilong , Chen Liang , Guan Yanjin , Naceur Hakim 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlthough the natural fiber composites are preferable for sustainable and green product due to the environmental friendliness, they suffer from the high flammability. In this study, the flame retardant ramie fiber reinforced poly(lactic acid) composites were prepared and the synergistic barrier effect of aluminum diethylphosphinate, melamine cyanurate and silica was investigated. When the mass ratio of each flame retardant was 10%, the composites reached UL‐94 V0 rating with the limiting oxygen index of 30.1%. The excellent flame retardancy was resulted from the formation of high‐quality char layers, the chain reaction of free radicals as well as the dilute effect of inert gases generated during the combustion process. Besides, the cone calorimeter test showed that the peak heat release rate and total heat release decreased by 22.5% and 15.0%, respectively. Importantly, the flame retardants did not deteriorate the mechanical properties, thanks to the fiber reinforcement and high‐adhesion work between the flame retardants and the matrix which was demonstrated by the contact angle test.
Study on properties of gelatin–silica mineralized wood composite
Authors: Li Hang , Wang Chi , Wang Zhaohui , Zhang Mengying , Liu Da , Yuan Guangming 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWood is a natural organic composite material that has abundant sources, is renewable, and exhibits an organized structure. However, the fast‐growing poplar tree is loose in texture and has poor physical, mechanical, and flame retardant properties. Inspired by the biomineralization mediated by the natural organic matrix, a biocompatible and mineral‐inducible gelatin solution is impregnated into the wood. Subsequently, the sol–gel method is used for the in‐situ mineralization of silica in wood pores and cell cavities using silica to prepare mineralized wood composite materials with excellent mechanical and flame retardancy properties. Fourier transform spectroscopy shows that wood and silica form an organic–inorganic hybrid structure, and scanning electron microscopy shows that gelatin coordinates with silica to form a dense microstructure. Compared with untreated wood, the compressive strength parallel to the grain, bending strength, and elasticity modulus of the mineralized wood were higher by 59.3%, 52.2%, and 46.2%, respectively. The peak heat release rate associated with cone calorimetry decreased by 45.8%. This effective and environment‐friendly method can improve the properties of wood. Furthermore, the preparation process is simple, green, and environment‐friendly, providing an alternative approach to wood modification research.
Study on preparation of highly dispersed graphite composite expandable polystyrene foam by homogeneous dissolution‐suspension polymerization with waste polystyrene
Authors: Zhao Zhi Feng , Wang Xin Lei , Wang Jia , Li Junfeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGraphite expandable polystyrene (GEPS) has the advantage of low thermal conductivity, however, the disadvantage of the low compatibility with styrene and a tendency to agglomerate, which limits the application of GEPS in the thermal insulation industry. In this article, the high‐dispersion GEPS beads were prepared by homogeneous dissolution‐suspension polymerization method. Then, the GEPS beads were foamed, molded, and cured to form GEPS foam boards. The characterization results of IR, scanning electron microscope, X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analyzer of GEPS beads, the microporous structure, water absorption, flexural strength, compressive strength, and oxygen index of GEPS foam board show that the performance is equal to or exceeds corporate expandable polystyrene. In particular, the thermal conductivity of GEPS foam (0.034 W/(mk)) is 10.5% lower than that of corporate EPS (0.038 W/(mk)). In addition, it is noteworthy that the dissolution of waste expandable polystyrene or polystyrene beads reaches up to 45% of the styrene monomer mass, while the enterprise can dissolve only 5.2%.
Photovoltaic fleet degradation insights
Authors: Jordan Dirk C. , Anderson Kevin , Perry Kirsten , Muller Matthew , Deceglie Michael , White Robert , Deline Chris 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the PV Fleet Performance Data Initiative, high‐frequency data from commercial and utility‐scale photovoltaic (PV) systems have been collected to examine performance loss rates (PLRs) at a fleet scale. To date, performance data from more than 7.2‐gigawatt (GW) capacity, 1700 sites and 19,000 inverters—approximately equivalent to 6% to 7% of the entire US PV market—have been collected. An overall PLR of −0.75%/year was found, which is in line with historical and recent findings. Tracked silicon (Si) and cadmium telluride (CdTe) performed comparably with all fixed‐tilt systems. Higher PLRs were found for hotter temperature zones; cooler climates exhibit a median −0.48%/year loss, which increases to −0.88%/year in hotter climates. High‐efficiency module technologies showed median PLRs in line with conventional Si technologies but demonstrated markedly different PLR behavior when filtered only for low‐light conditions <600 W/m2. Causes for this technology‐dependent behavior are under investigation.
Reaching underserved domestic and international populations through Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Residency training: A survey of residents and program directors
Authors: Malik G. Ross , Jayabalan Prakash 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionIn 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that over 400 million individuals worldwide lack access to medical care. In addition, clinicians are more likely to treat underserved patients during their careers if they have exposure to these populations during their training.ObjectivesTo analyze what forms of didactic experiences are available and which opportunities are the most valuable with domestic/international underserved populations in Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (PM&R) residency programs in the United States.DesignCross‐sectional survey using REDCap software.SettingPM&R residency programs in the United States.ParticipantsA total of 137 participants in Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)‐accredited PM&R residencies in the United States (24 program directors and 113 residents).InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresSurveys collected information regarding demographic data, prior global health training experiences, current residency training experiences involving domestic/international underserved populations being offered, participants' perceived importance of training experiences with domestic/international underserved population, barriers that impede these experiences, and if availability of these opportunities affected resident recruitment.ResultsParticipants reported that their PM&R programs did not offer global health simulations (91.2%), educational tracks (75.2%), international electives (71.5%), or rotations with domestic underserved populations (48.9%). Residents viewed exposure to simulation labs (3.25/5), educational tracks (3.42/5), and electives (4.02/5) more importantly than attending physicians. Conversely, attending physicians viewed lectures (3.92/5), journal clubs (3.58), and rotations treating domestic underserved populations (4.42/5) more favorably. Both residents and attending physicians endorse lack of financial support and mentorship as barriers to these opportunities. Participants from all regions outside the Midwest reported that these educational opportunities would affect residency recruitment (56% vs. 31%).ConclusionsThis is the first study assessing the current state of global health training opportunities for PM&R residents as well as the perceived value of such experiences. Many PM&R medical trainees desire exposure to global health medicine curriculum, and many would alter their residency selection based on its availability.
Sequence‐defined Pareto frontier of a copolymer structure
Authors: Bale Ashwin A. , Gautham Sachin M. B. , Patra Tarak K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe correlations between the sequence of monomers in a macromolecule and its three‐dimensional (3D) structure is a grand challenge in polymer science. The properties and functions of macromolecules depend on their 3D shape that has appeared to be dictated by their monomer sequence. However, the progress towards understanding the sequence–structure‐property correlations and their utilization in materials engineering are slow because it is almost impossible to characterize an astronomically large number of possible sequences of a copolymer using traditional experimental and simulation methods. To address this problem, here, we combine evolutionary computing and coarse‐grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) simulation and study the sequence‐structure correlations of a model AB‐type copolymer in a solution and assess the impact of sequence on the packing density in its bulk phase. The CGMD‐based evolutionary algorithm (EA) screens the sequence space of a single chain copolymer efficiently and identifies a wide range of single‐molecule structures including extremal radii of gyration. The data are utilized to estimate the Pareto front of the structure‐space of a binary copolymer as a function of its composition. The monomer packings in single‐molecule solution phase and multimolecular bulk phase are found to be identical. The work highlights the opportunities of sequence‐specific control of macromolecular structure for designing target materials.
Current and projected number of years of life lost due to prostate cancer: A global study
Authors: Withrow Diana , Pilleron Sophie , Nikita Nikita , Ferlay Jacques , Sharma Swapnil , Nicholson Brian , Rebbeck Timothy R. , Lu‐Yao Grace 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundProstate cancer is an important cause of death worldwide. The number of years of life lost (YLL) due to prostate cancer is a metric of the toll of prostate cancer and using projections of demographic changes, can be used to measure future burden.MethodsProstate cancer mortality data by country and world region was retrieved from the Global Cancer Observatory and the World Health Organization mortality data set, and life expectancy was from the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. We estimated YLL as the difference between age at death in people with prostate cancer and remaining life expectancy for people of the same age in the general population. We also estimated the age‐standardized YLL rates per 100,000 males over 50 and the average annual percentage change in YLL rates over the period 2000–2019 and the number of YLL for the year 2040 by applying population projections to the 2020 YLL rates.ResultsIn 2020, 3.5 million person‐years of life were lost due to prostate cancer in males over 50, and 40% of YLL were in those aged over 75. Age‐standardized rates varied greatly between and within regions. Over the last two decades, rates of YLL have increased in many Asian and African countries while they have decreased in northern American and European countries. Globally, YLL are anticipated to double by 2040 to reach 7.5 million, with the greatest increases in Africa, Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean.ConclusionThere are wide variations in the burden of prostate cancer globally as measured by YLL. The burden of prostate cancer is projected to increase over time and appears to be highest in Sub‐Saharan Africa, Eastern Europe, and Latin America and the Caribbean. It will be critical to plan and implement programs to reduce the burden of prostate cancer globally.
Docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid strongly inhibit prostanoid TP receptor‐dependent contractions of guinea pig gastric fundus smooth muscle
Authors: Xu Keyue , Shimizu Miyuki , Murai Chika , Fujisawa Miki , Ito Daichi , Saitoh Noboru , Nakagome Yutaka , Yamashita Mio , Murata Azusa , Oikawa Shunya , Ou Guanghan , Yoshioka Kento , Obara Keisuke , Tanaka Yoshio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe inhibitory effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and linoleic acid (LA) on the contractions induced by five prostanoids and U46619 (a TP receptor agonist) were examined in guinea pig gastric fundus smooth muscle (GFSM). Tension changes were isometrically measured, and the mRNA expression of prostanoid receptors was measured by RT‐qPCR. DHA and EPA significantly inhibited contractions induced by the prostanoids and U46619, whereas LA inhibited those induced by prostaglandin D2and U46619. The mRNA expression levels of the prostanoid receptors were TP ≈ EP3 >> FP > EP1. The inhibition by DHA, EPA, and LA was positively correlated with that by SQ 29,548 (a TP receptor antagonist) but not with that by L‐798,106 (an EP3receptor antagonist). DHA and EPA suppressed high KCl‐induced contractions by 35% and 25%, respectively, and the contractions induced by the prostanoids and U46619 were suppressed by verapamil, a voltage‐dependent Ca2+channel (VDCC) inhibitor, by 40%–85%. Although LA did not suppress high KCl‐induced contractions, it suppressed U46619‐induced contractions in the presence of verapamil. However, LA did not show significant inhibitory effects on U46619‐induced Ca2+increases in TP receptor‐expressing cells. In contrast, LA inhibited U46619‐induced contractions in the presence of verapamil, which was also suppressed by SKF‐96365 (a store‐operated Ca2+channel [SOCC] inhibitor). These findings suggest that the TP receptor and VDCC are targets of DHA and EPA to inhibit prostanoid‐induced contractions of guinea pig GFSM, and SOCCs play a significant role in LA‐induced inhibition of U46619‐induced contractions.
Depression in patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Ma Tianjiao , Geng Yingying , Li Ping 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAnkylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory spondyloarthropathy that can cause severe physical and functional damage. The risk of depression is higher in AS patients than in the general population. Depression in AS patients affects disease prognosis and is receiving greater attention. By mining the literature on depression in AS patients in China and other countries, we analyzed research gaps and flaws in this area. In this review, we describe current knowledge regarding depression status, pathogenesis, disease relevance, and treatment of depression in AS patients. The findings may help to prevent depression, improve treatment, and enhance chronic disease management in AS patients.
Long‐Circulating Theranostic 2D Metal‐Organic Frameworks with Concurrent O2 Self‐Supplying and GSH Depletion Characteristic for Enhanced Cancer Chemodynamic Therapy
Authors: Xu Rui , Saw Phei Er , Xu Lei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have attracted increasing attention in cancer theranostics due to their ultrahigh specific surface area resulting in more radicals and/or reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in chemodynamic therapy (CDT). However, their biomedical prospects are greatly limited by poor biocompatibility, low dispersion, weak stability, and the potential threat of their high immunogenicity. Moreover, rapid depletion of ROS by the high level of antioxidants (e.g., glutathione) in cancer cells severely limits the therapeutic effects of cancer CDT. Herein, a robust method is developed to improve the biomedical application of 2D nanomaterials via constructing a 2D nanomaterials delivery nanoplatform with hemoglobin‐based minerals biological coat for the safe encapsulation, long blood circulation, and controlled release of 2D nanomaterials. After intravenous administration and then internalization by cancer cells, the acidic microenvironment and high concentration of H2O2 can trigger rapid release of Cu‐T nanoscale metal‐organic frameworks (nMOFs) from Cu‐T@MH. Then, the released Cu‐T nMOFs with simultaneous high ROS production and GSH depletion endow the Cu‐T@MH nanoplatform with enhanced cancer CDT. Besides, the fluorescence recovery of tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl) porphyrin in Cu‐T nMOFs during the GSH depletion process can accurately visualize the cancer therapeutic action.