bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thymomectomy versus complete thymectomy in early-stage non-myasthenic thymomas: a multicentric propensity score-matched study
Authors: Voulaz Emanuele , Perroni Gianluca , Russo Anna , Patirelis Alexandro , Mangiameli Giuseppe , Alloisio Marco , Ambrogi Vincenzo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Thymomectomy is gaining consensus over complete thymectomy in early-stage thymoma without myasthenia gravis. This is due both to the difficulty of establishing prospective and randomized controlled studies and to the lack of well-defined selection criteria. This bicentric, retrospective propensity score-matched study aims at comparing oncological outcomes, measured in terms of overall survival and thymoma-related survival, in patients undergoing either thymomectomy or complete thymectomy.

METHODS
We retrospectively analysed medical records of patients with clinical early-stage (I and II) thymoma undergoing thymomectomy or complete thymectomy. Exclusion criteria were the presence of myasthenia gravis, clinical advanced tumours and thymic carcinoma. A propensity score-matching analysis was applied to reduce potential preoperative selection biases such as comorbidity (Charlson score), tumour maximal diameter and surgical approach (open versus minimal). All variables were dichotomized.

RESULTS
A total of 255 patients were enrolled from 2 different Hospitals, 126 underwent complete thymectomy and 129 a thymomectomy. Disease-free and thymoma-related survivals showed a 5-year rate of 87.7% and 96.0% and a 10-year rate of 82.2% and 91.9%, respectively. Propensity score-matching analysis selected a total of 176 patients equally divided between the 2 groups. No difference was found for both disease-free (P = 0.11) and thymoma-related (P = 0.37) survival in the 2 groups of resection. Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that histology (P &lt; 0.001), residual disease (P &lt; 0.001) and adjuvant chemotherapy (P &lt; 0.001) were the only predictors of shorter disease-free survival. Whereas there was no evidence to confirm that disease-free and thymoma-related survivals were influenced by resection extent.

CONCLUSIONS
Thymomectomy is an adequate surgical resection for non-myasthenic thymoma, achieving disease-free and thymoma-related survivals comparable to those after complete thymectomy.
Omicron Breakthrough Infection After Heterologous Prime-Boost Vaccination Induces a Vigorous Antibody Response
Authors: Varese Augusto , Mazzitelli Bianca , Erra Díaz Fernando , Kjolhede María Victoria , Ojeda Diego , Vellicce Alejandra , Arto Penélope , Cicero Carla , Pascowsky María , Figueras Laura , Broese Bárbara , Dávila Rosa , Zarlenga Rocío , Rivelli Federico , Verruno Camila , Silenzi Valeria , Beltrán Ivana , Gamarnik Andrea , Ceballos Ana , Zala Carlos , Badolati Adelina , Geffner Jorge 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant is usually asymptomatic or mild and appears to be poorly immunogenic at least in unvaccinated individuals. Here, we found that health care workers vaccinated with 2 doses of Sputnik V and a booster dose of ChAdOx1 mount a vigorous neutralizing-antibody response after Omicron breakthrough infection.
Traditional remedies and other characteristics among human snakebite survivors in Baringo county, Kenya, 2010–2020: a case series
Authors: Kung'u Peris N , Chweya Reagan N , Gachohi John M 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Seeking traditional remedies following snakebites leads to avoidable deaths in rural settings in developing countries.

Methods
In this case series study, we identified and recruited 169 snakebite survivors in Baringo county, a hard-to-reach region in northwestern Kenya, who experienced snakebites from 2010 to 2020 using a snowballing technique. We explored associations between traditional and hospital care in managing snakebites and other characteristics. χ2 tests assessed these categorical differences.

Results
Fifty-four (33%) of the survivors used traditional remedies to manage snakebites. The majority (56%) were men and aged &gt;18 y (72%); 59% had low education levels and income. They sourced water from rivers or lakes (93%) and used charcoal as an energy source (74%). These survivors (&gt;67%) resided in households practicing free-range and stall-feeding animal husbandry systems and in houses with thatch roofing or an earthen floor structure. Also, &gt;62% reported muscle tremors, fever and chills, while 80% visited health facilities for further treatment.

Conclusion
Community sensitization covering the risks of non-effective remedies and escalation of training to traditional healers could improve the speed of referrals in hard-to-reach snakebite hotspots. Medical anthropology studies could explore the enablers of continued use of traditional remedies in snakebite management in rural communities.
Observational Study of Receptor Binding Domain Spike Antibody Responses to 3 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinations in Noninfected Subjects: Parallel Neutralizing Antibody and Cardiac Troponin I and T Observations
Authors: Apple Fred S , Bothwell Bryan , Koti Jaya , Bauer Westley , Dwyer Robert , Chen Haode , Wu Heng , Li Pu , Lindgren Britanny , Gottlieb Sydney , Okeson Brynn , Schulz Karen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Our goals were to demonstrate receptor binding domain spike 1 (RBD S1) protein antibody (Ab) kinetic responses to multiple vaccines over approximately 180 days, neutralizing Ab effectiveness, and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) and T (hs-cTnT) responses in postvaccinated, non-SARS-CoV-2–infected subjects.

Methods
Blood specimens were collected pre- and postvaccinations from seronegative subjects. RDB S1 Abs were measured by the novel Qorvo Biotechnologies Omnia platform. Neutralizing Abs and hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT were measured on the ET Healthcare Pylon 3D.

Results
Two-dose vaccines (Pfizer, Moderna) had peak RBD S1 Ab concentrations about 45 to 55 days after both doses and showed declines over the next 50 to 70 days. The Janssen vaccine showed lower RBD S1 Ab peak concentrations, continued to increase over time, and plateaued after 60 days. There was strong neutralizing Ab response post vaccinations, with only 3 specimens, shortly before and shortly after vaccination, not showing a response. Specimens showed no hs-cTnI (all &lt; 3 ng/L) and hs-cTnT (all &lt; 6 ng/L) increases or changes over time.

Conclusions
We demonstrate in seronegative SARS-CoV-2 subjects that Pfizer and Moderna vaccinations provide strong, neutralizing RBD S1 Ab effectiveness, based on 2 different assays after 2 doses, with the Janssen single-dose vaccine showing a lower RBD S1 Ab response over 4 to 6 months. No myocardial injury was associated with the Pfizer postvaccination. The Qorvo Biotechnologies RBD S1 Ab assay measured on the Omnia platform has potential as a point-of-care platform.
Outcomes of Canceled Tomosynthesis-Guided Biopsy of Architectural Distortion Due to Nonvisualization
Authors: Myers Kelly S , Oluyemi Eniola T , Mullen Lisa A , Panigrahi Babita , Di Carlo Philip A , Nguyen Derek L , Ambinder Emily B 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective
Architectural distortion without a sonographic correlate is an indication for digital breast tomosynthesis–guided vacuum-assisted biopsy (DBT-VAB). However, when the finding is not visualized on the day of biopsy, the procedure is canceled. This study reports the outcomes of canceled DBT-VAB of architectural distortion due to nonvisualization.

Methods
In this IRB-approved retrospective study, chart review was performed to identify DBT-VABs of architectural distortion at our institution between June 1, 2017, and November 1, 2020, that were canceled because of nonvisualization at the time of biopsy. Cases without follow-up imaging were excluded. Statistical analysis, including the frequency of cases yielding malignancy by the end of the study period, was performed.

Results
In total, 7.2% (39/544) of architectural distortions recommended for biopsy during the study period were canceled because of nonvisualization, 30 of which had follow-up imaging and were included in the study. Mean patient age was 56 years (standard deviation [SD], 9.6 years) and mean follow-up time was 26.7 months (SD, 11.2 months; range, 8.4–50.9 months). During the follow-up period, 16.7% (5/30) underwent repeat biopsy attempt, with one malignant result (1/30, 3.3%; SD, 18%; 95% confidence interval: 0.6%–16.7%). In total, 86.7% (26/30) of cases were declared benign during the follow-up period and 10% (3/30) remained stable with a BI-RADS 3 assessment category.

Conclusion
During available follow-up, there was a low likelihood that distortions not visualized at the time of DBT-VAB represented malignancy (3.3%, 1/30). While this low malignancy rate is reassuring, imaging follow-up is warranted.
Convergent loss of anthocyanin pigments is controlled by the same MYB gene in cereals
Authors: Li Yan , Fang Xiaojian , Lin Zhongwei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Loss of anthocyanin pigments is a common transition during cereal domestication, diversification, and improvement. However, the genetic basis for this convergent transition in cereal remains largely unknown. Here, we identified a chromosomal syntenic block across different species that contained R2R3-MYB genes (c1/pl1) responsible for the convergent decoloring of anthocyanins in cereals. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping identified a major QTL for aerial root color corresponding to pl1 and a major QTL for spikelet color corresponding to c1 on maize chromosomes 6 and 9, respectively. One insertion in the regulatory region that led to transcriptional down-regulation was present in maize pl1, and several insertions in the coding region resulting in loss of function occurred in maize c1. A transposable element insertion in the third exon of c1, leading to three new non-functional transcripts, was responsible for decoloring in foxtail millet. The c1/pl1 genes enhanced the transcription of the core enzyme-encoding genes, including pr1, fht1, a1, a2, bz1, and aat1 in the anthocyanin pathway, while they repressed the expression of fnsii1 in flavones, sm2 in maysin, and bx3, bx4, bx5, and bx10 in DIMBOA. Our results indicated that the convergent decoloring of these plants shared the same genetic basis across different cereal species.
Rational domestication of a plant-based recombinant expression system expands its biosynthetic range
Authors: Jackson Mark A , Chan Lai Yue , Harding Maxim D , Craik David J , Gilding Edward K 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Plant molecular farming aims to provide a green, flexible, and rapid alternative to conventional recombinant expression systems, capable of producing complex biologics such as enzymes, vaccines, and antibodies. Historically, the recombinant expression of therapeutic peptides in plants has proven difficult, largely due to their small size and instability. However, some plant species harbour the capacity for peptide backbone cyclization, a feature inherent in stable therapeutic peptides. One obstacle to realizing the potential of plant-based therapeutic peptide production is the proteolysis of the precursor before it is matured into its final stabilized form. Here we demonstrate the rational domestication of Nicotiana benthamiana within two generations to endow this plant molecular farming host with an expanded repertoire of peptide sequence space. The in planta production of molecules including an insecticidal peptide, a prostate cancer therapeutic lead, and an orally active analgesic is demonstrated.
The Ownership and Sale of Manuscripts of John Gower’s Confessio Amantis in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
Authors: Edwards A S G 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article examines the evidence for the circulation and ownership of manuscripts of John Gower’s Middle English poem, Confessio Amantis, in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The records of booksellers’ and auction catalogues indicate frequent sales of copies coupled with a generally limited commercial appeal. These records also suggest that some copies were in circulation in this period that cannot be identified with those that now survive. It has also proved possible to add information from sale records about the history of the ownership of individual copies of Gower’s poem.
The late-time light curves of Type Ia supernovae: confronting models with observations
Authors: Tiwari Vishal , Graur Or , Fisher Robert , Seitenzahl Ivo , Leung Shing-Chi , Nomoto Ken’ichi , Perets Hagai Binyamin , Shen Ken 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) play a crucial role as standardizable candles in measurements of the Hubble constant and dark energy. Increasing evidence points towards multiple possible explosion channels as the origin of normal SNe Ia, with possible systematic effects on the determination of cosmological parameters. We present, for the first time, a comprehensive comparison of publicly available SN Ia model nucleosynthetic data with observations of late-time light curve observations of SN Ia events. These models span a wide range of white dwarf (WD) progenitor masses, metallicities, explosion channels, and numerical methodologies. We focus on the influence of 57Ni and its isobaric decay product 57Co in powering the late-time (t &gt; 1000 d) light curves of SNe Ia. 57Ni and 57Co are neutron-rich relative to the more abundant radioisotope 56Ni, and are consequently a sensitive probe of neutronization at the higher densities of near-Chandrashekhar (near-MCh) progenitor WDs. We demonstrate that observations of one SN Ia event, SN 2015F is only consistent with a sub-Chandrasekhar (sub-MCh) WD progenitor. Observations of four other events (SN 2011fe, SN 2012cg, SN 2014J, and SN2013aa) are consistent with both near-MCh and sub-MCh progenitors. Continued observations of late-time light curves of nearby SNe Ia will provide crucial information on the nature of the SN Ia progenitors.
The local universe in the era of large surveys - II. multi-wavelength characterization of activity in nearby S0 galaxies
Authors: Jiménez-Palau C , Solanes J M , Perea J D , del Olmo A , Tous J L 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
This is the second paper in a series using data from tens of thousands S0 galaxies of the local Universe (z ≲ 0.1) retrieved from the NASA-Sloan Atlas. It builds on the outcomes of the previous work, which introduced a new classification scheme for these objects based on the principal component analysis (PCA) of their optical spectrum and its projections on to the first two eigenvectors or principal components (the PC1–PC2 diagram). We provide a comprehensive characterization of the activity of present-day S0s throughout both the broad-band PC1–PC2 spectral classifier and the conventional narrow-line BPT/WHAN ones, contrasting the different types of activity classes they define, and present an alternative diagram that exploits the concordance between WHAN and PCA demarcations. The analysis is extended to the mid-infrared, radio and X-ray wavelengths by crossmatching our core sample with data from the WISE, FIRST, XMM–Newton, and Chandra surveys. This has allowed us to carry out a thorough comparison of the most important activity diagnostics in the literature over different wavebands, discuss their similarities and differences, and explore the connections between them and with parameters related to star formation and black hole accretion. In particular, we find evidence that the bulk of nebular emission from radio and X-ray detected S0–Seyfert and LINER systems is not driven by star birth, while the dominant ionising radiation for a number of LINERs might come from post-AGB stars. These and other outcomes from the present work should be transferable to other morphologies.
Statistical properties of the population of the Galactic centre filaments – II. The spacing between filaments
Authors: Yusef-Zadeh F , Arendt R G , Wardle M , Boldyrev S , Heywood I , Cotton W , Camilo F 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
We carry out a population study of magnetized radio filaments in the Galactic centre using MeerKAT data by focusing on the spacing between the filaments that are grouped. The morphology of a sample of 43 groupings containing 174 magnetized radio filaments are presented. Many grouped filaments show harp-like, fragmented cometary tail-like, or loop-like structures in contrast to many straight filaments running mainly perpendicular to the Galactic plane. There are many striking examples of a single filament splitting into two prongs at a junction, suggestive of a flow of plasma along the filaments. Spatial variations in spectral index, brightness, bending, and sharpening along the filaments indicate that they are evolving on a 105−6-yr time-scale. The mean spacings between parallel filaments in a given grouping peaks at ∼16 arcsec. We argue by modeling that the filaments in a grouping all lie on the same plane and that the groupings are isotropically oriented in 3D space. One candidate for the origin of filamentation is interaction with an obstacle, which could be a compact radio source, before a filament splits and bends into multiple filaments. In this picture, the obstacle or sets the length scale of the separation between the filaments. Another possibility is synchrotron cooling instability occurring in cometary tails formed as a result of the interaction of cosmic ray driven Galactic centre outflow with obstacles such as stellar winds. In this picture, the mean spacing and the mean width of the filaments are expected to be a fraction of a parsec, consistent with observed spacing.
The hierarchical structure of galactic haloes: generalizedN-dimensional clustering with C luSTAR-ND
Authors: Oliver William H , Elahi Pascal J , Lewis Geraint F 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTWe present C luSTAR-ND, a fast hierarchical galaxy/(sub)halo finder that produces Clustering Structure via Transformative Aggregation and Rejection in N-Dimensions. It is designed to improve upon H alo-OPTICS – an algorithm that automatically detects and extracts significant astrophysical clusters from the 3D spatial positions of simulation particles – by decreasing run-times, possessing the capability for metric adaptivity, and being readily applicable to data with any number of features. We directly compare these algorithms and find that not only does C luSTAR-ND produce a similarly robust clustering structure, it does so in a run-time that is at least 3 orders of magnitude faster. In optimizing C luSTAR-ND’s clustering performance, we have also carefully calibrated 4 of the 7 C luSTAR-ND parameters which – unless specified by the user – will be automatically and optimally chosen based on the input data. We conclude that C luSTAR-ND is a robust astrophysical clustering algorithm that can be leveraged to find stellar satellite groups on large synthetic or observational data sets.
Forecasting cosmic acceleration measurements using the Lyman-α forest
Authors: Dong Chenxing , Gonzalez Anthony , Eikenberry Stephen , Jeram Sarik , Likamonsavad Manunya , Liske Jochen , Stelter Deno , Townsend Amanda 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
We present results from end-to-end simulations of observations designed to constrain the rate of change in the expansion history of the Universe using the redshift drift of the Lyman-α forest absorption lines along the lines of sight towards bright quasars. For our simulations, we take Lyman-α forest lines extracted from Keck/HIRES spectra of bright quasars at z &gt; 3, and compare the results from these real quasar spectra with mock spectra generated via Monte Carlo realizations. We use the results of these simulations to assess the potential for a dedicated observatory to detect redshift drift, and quantify the telescope and spectrograph requirements for these observations. Relative to Liske et al. (2008), two main refinements in the current work are inclusion of quasars from more recent catalogs and consideration of a realistic observing strategy for a dedicated redshift drift experiment that maximizes $\dot{v}/\sigma _{\dot{v}}$. We find that using a dedicated facility and our designed observing plan, the redshift drift can be detected at 3σ significance in 15 yr with a 25 m telescope, given a spectrograph with long-term stability with R = 50 000 and 25 per cent total system efficiency. To achieve this significance, the optimal number of targets is four quasars, with observing time weighted based upon $\dot{v}/\sigma _{\dot{v}}$ and object visibility. This optimized strategy leads to a 9 per cent decrease in the telescope diameter or a 6 per cent decrease in the required time to achieve the same S/N as for the idealized case of uniformly distributing time to the same quasars.
The past, current and future epidemiological dynamic of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Balloux François , Tan Cedric , Swadling Leo , Richard Damien , Jenner Charlotte , Maini Mala , van Dorp Lucy 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSARS-CoV-2, the agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, emerged in late 2019 in China, and rapidly spread throughout the world to reach all continents. As the virus expanded in its novel human host, viral lineages diversified through the accumulation of around two mutations a month on average. Different viral lineages have replaced each other since the start of the pandemic, with the most successful Alpha, Delta and Omicron variants of concern (VoCs) sequentially sweeping through the world to reach high global prevalence. Neither Alpha nor Delta was characterized by strong immune escape, with their success coming mainly from their higher transmissibility. Omicron is far more prone to immune evasion and spread primarily due to its increased ability to (re-)infect hosts with prior immunity. As host immunity reaches high levels globally through vaccination and prior infection, the epidemic is expected to transition from a pandemic regime to an endemic one where seasonality and waning host immunization are anticipated to become the primary forces shaping future SARS-CoV-2 lineage dynamics. In this review, we consider a body of evidence on the origins, host tropism, epidemiology, genomic and immunogenetic evolution of SARS-CoV-2 including an assessment of other coronaviruses infecting humans. Considering what is known so far, we conclude by delineating scenarios for the future dynamic of SARS-CoV-2, ranging from the good—circulation of a fifth endemic ‘common cold’ coronavirus of potentially low virulence, the bad—a situation roughly comparable with seasonal flu, and the ugly—extensive diversification into serotypes with long-term high-level endemicity.
ESTABLISHMENT OF LOCAL DIAGNOSTIC REFERENCE LEVEL FOR ROUTINE PAEDIATRIC COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY EXAMINATIONS IN BAFOUSSAM WEST CAMEROON
Authors: Kamdem Eddy Fotso , Samba Odette Ngano , Manemo Cedric Tetchoka , Kouam Brice Bertrand Foubi , Abogo Serge , Tambe Joshua , Amougou Jean Claude Mballa , Guegang Emilienne , Zeh Odile Fernande , Moifo Boniface , Nguemgne Célestine , Nana Narcisse Fidèle Nwedjiwe , Fotue Alain Jervé 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to determine local diagnostic reference level (LDRL) for routine computed tomography (CT) examination in Bafoussam, western Cameroon. The exposure parameters and dose quantities were collected manually. This retrospective, evaluative and comparative study was conducted to determine LDRLs for routine head CT examination in Bafoussam, to optimize these procedures in the region. The 75th percentile values of the calculated volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) were proposed as LDRL. The sample was classified in four age groups: &lt; 1, 1–5, 5–10 and 10–15 y. The LDRLs obtained for the four age groups were: 24 mGy and 381.32 mGy.cm, 42.5 mGy and 875.55 mGy.cm, 45.85 mGy and 939.62 mGy.cm, 57.12 mGy and 1222.3 mGy.cm, respectively. The 75th percentile CTDIvol and DLP dose values for this study are higher than international values. We propose a coordinating discussions and collaboration about patient’s and specific equipment’s change information’s, between radiologists, medical imaging technicians and medical physicist, which can reduce absorbed doses and improved medical practice in hospitals.