bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of an Uncontrolled, Real‐World Task: Vocabulary Learning Opportunities and Students’ Perceptions
Authors: KIM YOUJIN , KANG SANGHEE , D'ARIENZO MEREDITH 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTask‐based research has shown the benefits of using tasks in various instructional contexts across different age groups. Although task‐based language teaching promotes language learning through authentic real‐world tasks, previous research has mainly used controlled pedagogic tasks. The current exploratory, intact‐classroom, multi‐case study examined the extent to which 13 Korean adolescent learners of English used and learned new English lexical items while carrying out an uncontrolled, real‐world, multimodal, video‐creation task. It further investigated students’ perceptions of performing such a task. Target items included 93 English lexical items that appeared in realia at a historical site in Korea. The video‐creation task was carried out over 5 days and included pretask planning, a field trip to the Korean historical site, and creation of a travel guide video for the site in a computer lab. Students’ interactions were recorded digitally. Results revealed that the degree of target‐item production varied by participant, but overall target lexical items were not greatly used by students. Students’ perceptions of the benefits of the uncontrolled, real‐world task seemed to relate to task‐as‐process, which was directly influenced by learner‐generated workplans. Pedagogical implications for designing and implementing real‐world tasks requiring task performance inside and outside of the classroom are discussed.
Adverse pregnancy outcomes and occlusal traits in the primary dentition: A prospective cohort (BRISA)
Authors: Silva Júnior Antonio Carlos , Alves Cláudia Maria Coelho , Martins Rafiza Félix Marão , Rodrigues Vandílson Pinheiro , Souza Soraia de Fátima Carvalho , Ribeiro Cecília Cláudia Costa , Thomaz Erika Barbara Abreu Fonseca 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to analyse the relationship between adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO) and occlusal traits in the primary dentition, checking for different mediation paths.Setting and Sample PopulationChildren evaluated at birth (T1), between 12 and 24 months (T2), and between 24 and 36 months (T3) were included. Two hundred and seventeen children who participated in T1 and T2 were randomly selected to perform the occlusion examination.Materials and MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study (BRISA). The theoretical model was tested by structural equation modelling (SEM), estimating standardized coefficients (Coeff.) (α = 0.05). The primary exposure was APO—a latent variable manifested from three health problems at birth: low birthweight (LBW), pre‐term birth (PTB) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), evaluated in T1. The outcomes were four different occlusal traits assessed in T3: overjet, anterior and posterior crossbite, and crowding. Each outcome's direct and indirect effects were tested, mediated by growth, breathing, breastfeeding, and pacifier use.ResultsThere was no direct association between APO and any of the outcomes: overjet (Coeff. = −0.163,P = .241), anterior crossbite (Coeff. = −0.696,P = .065), posterior crossbite (Coeff. = −0.087,P = .589) and crowding (Coeff. = 0.400,P = .423). The indirect (total and specifics) effects tested also showed no association (P > .05). However, APO was associated with lower child growth in all models; breastfeeding was associated with higher child growth in all models, and pacifier use was associated with overjet (Coeff. = 0.184,P < .001) and posterior crossbite (Coeff. = 0.373,P = .011).ConclusionAPO was not a risk factor for overjet, crossbite and crowding in an early stage of the primary dentition by direct and indirect pathways. However, growth has been lower in children with APO and higher in children breastfed. Also, the harmful effects of using a pacifier in dental occlusion are highlighted.
Prognostic biomarkers of cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Ding Liang , Gosh Alexandra , Lee Delphine J. , Emri Gabriella , Huss Wendy J. , Bogner Paul N. , Paragh Gyorgy 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground/purposeMelanomas account for only approximately 4% of diagnosed skin cancers in the United States but are responsible for the majority of deaths caused by skin cancer. Both genetic factors and ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure play a role in the development of melanoma. Although melanomas have a strong propensity to metastasize when diagnosed late, melanomas that are diagnosed and treated early pose a low mortality risk. In particular, the identification of patients with increased metastatic risk, who may benefit from early adjuvant therapies, is crucial, especially given the advent of new melanoma treatments. However, the accuracy of classic clinical and histological variables, including the Breslow thickness, presence of ulceration, and lymph node status, might not be sufficient to identify such individuals. Thus, there is a need for the development of additional prognostic melanoma biomarkers that can improve early attempts to stratify melanoma patients and reliably identify high‐risk subgroups with the aim of providing effective personalized therapies.MethodsIn our current work, we discuss and assess emerging primary melanoma tumor biomarkers and prognostic circulating biomarkers.ResultsSeveral promising biomarkers show prognostic value (eg, exosomal MIA (ie, melanoma inhibitory activity), serum S100B, AMLo signatures, and mRNA signatures); however, the scarcity of reliable data precludes the use of these biomarkers in current clinical applications.ConclusionFurther research is needed on several promising biomarkers for melanoma. Large‐scale studies are warranted to facilitate the clinical translation of prognostic biomarker applications for melanoma in personalized medicine.
Prediction of 2000‐m on‐water rowing performance with measures derived from instrumented boats
Authors: Holt Ana C. , Siegel Rodney , Ball Kevin , Hopkins William G. , Aughey Robert J. 
Published: January 2022

PurposeRowing instrumentation systems provide measures of stroke power, stroke rate, and boat velocity during rowing races, but how well these measures predict race performance has not been reported previously.MethodsData were collected per stroke from 45 2000‐m races using Peach PowerLine and OptimEye S5 GPS units. The boat classes assessed were nine male singles, eight female singles, three male pairs, and six female pairs. Random effects and residuals from general linear mixed modeling of stroke velocity adjusted for stroke power, stroke rate, and mean headwind provided measures interpreted as technical efficiency, race conditions, and stroke‐velocity variability. These measures, along with mean race power, mean stroke rate, and mean headwind were then included in multiple linear regressions to predict race velocity from official race times. Effects were assessed for 2 SD changes in predictors and interpreted using interval hypothesis tests.ResultsEffects of mean race power, mean stroke rate, and mean headwind on race velocity ranged from small to extremely large and were mostly decisively substantial. Effects of technical efficiency and race conditions ranged from trivial to extremely large but were generally unclear, while stroke‐velocity variability had trivial‐small and mostly unclear effects. Prediction error was small to moderate and decisively substantial. Men's pairs lacked sufficient data for analysis.ConclusionOn‐water rowing race performance can be predicted with mean race values of power, stroke rate, and headwind. Estimates from stroke data are potentially useful predictors but require impractical numbers of boats and races to reduce their uncertainty.
HIV self‐testing and repeat testing in pregnancy and postpartum in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Iliyasu Zubairu , Galadanci Hadiza S. , Musa Abubakar H. , Iliyasu Bilkisu Z. , Nass Nafisa S. , Garba Rayyan M. , Jibo Abubakar M. , Okekenwa Sonia C. , Salihu Hamisu M. , Aliyu Muktar H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveIncident HIV infections in pregnant and breastfeeding mothers pose significant challenges to prevention of mother‐to‐child HIV transmission efforts in sub‐Saharan Africa. We identified the predictors of willingness to self‐test for HIV when retesting in pregnancy and postpartum among antenatal clients in a tertiary hospital in Northern Nigeria.MethodsStructured and validated questionnaires were administered to a cross section of antenatal attendees (n = 370) in March 2021. Willingness to self‐test and adjusted odds ratios of potential predictors were generated from logistic regression models.ResultsOf the 317 respondents who agreed to repeat HIV test during pregnancy, 29.3% (n = 93) were willing to self‐test. Similarly, of those (n = 350) willing to retest after delivery, 27.4% (n = 96) were willing to self‐test. Willingness to self‐test during pregnancy was higher among respondents who were multiparous (2–4 births) (adjusted odds ratio, aOR = 2.40, 95% confidence interval CI, 1.14–6.43), employed (aOR = 1.49, 95% CI, 1.13–4.53) and those with at least secondary education (aOR = 2.96, 95% CI, 1.43–11.47). In contrast, willingness to self‐test was lower among those who were unaware of the husband's HIV status (aOR = 0.05, 95% CI, 0.02–0.13). Willingness to self‐test after delivery was higher among respondents who were married (aOR = 15.41, 95% CI, 3.04–78.2), multiparous (aOR = 2.01, 95% CI, 1.27–5.63), employed (aOR = 1.59, 95% CI, 1.08–2.35) and had at least to secondary education (aOR = 6.12, 95% CI, 1.36–27.47). In contrast, willingness to self‐test postpartum was lower among those who booked late (≥29 weeks) (aOR = 0.11, 95% CI, 0.022–0.52), those who were unaware of the risk of HIV transmission during breastfeeding (aOR = 0.29, 95% CI, 0.12–0.68) and participants who were unaware of the husband's HIV status (aOR = 0.076, 95% CI, 0.03–0.19).ConclusionWillingness to self‐test for HIV in pregnancy and postpartum was low in this population and was influenced by risk perception, socio‐demographic and obstetric attributes. Communication interventions and training of potential mentor mothers among early adopters could improve self‐testing in this group and similar settings.
Effects of Individualized Versus Traditional Power Training on Strength, Power, Jump Performances, and Body Composition in Young Male Nordic Athletes
Authors: Prieske Olaf , Chaabene Helmi , Kullmann Niclas , Granacher Urs 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:This study aimed to examine the effects of individualized-load power training (IPT) versus traditional moderate-load power training (TPT) on strength, power, jump performance, and body composition in elite young Nordic athletes.Methods:In a randomized crossover design, 10 young male athletes (ski jumpers, Nordic combined athletes) age 17.5 (0.6) years (biological maturity status: +3.5 y postpeak height velocity) who competed on a national or international level performed 5 weeks of IPT (4 × 5 repetitions at 49%–72% 1-repetiton maximum [RM]) and TPT (5 × 5 repetitions at 50%–60% 1-RM) in addition to their regular training. Testing before, between, and after both training blocks comprised the assessment of muscle strength (loaded back squat 3-RM), power (maximal loaded back squat power), jump performance (eg, drop-jump height, reactive strength index), and body composition (eg, skeletal muscle mass).Results:Significant, large-size main effects for time were found for muscle strength (P < .01;g = 2.7), reactive strength index (P = .03;g = 1.6), and drop-jump height (P = .02;g = 1.9) irrespective of the training condition (IPT, TPT). No significant time-by-condition interactions were observed. For measures of body composition, no significant main effects of condition and time or time-by-condition interactions were found.Conclusions:Our findings demonstrate that short-term IPT and TPT at moderate loads in addition to regular training were equally effective in improving measures of muscle strength (loaded back squat 3-RM) and vertical-jump performance (reactive strength index, drop jump, and height) in young Nordic athletes.
Kinetics and Stabilization of the Tuck Jump Assessment
Authors: Kember Lucy S. , Lloyd Rhodri S. , Myer Gregory D. , Moore Isabel S. 
Published: January 2022

Context: Kinetic profiles of athletes performing the tuck jump assessment (TJA) are unknown and may provide insight into the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury. Design: The purpose of this study was to (1) analyze vertical kinetics of the TJA and (2) determine the stabilization of the kinetics across successive jumping cycles. Methods: Twenty-five healthy female athletes (age = 22.0 [4.6] y; height = 1.69 [0.07] m; body mass = 69.3 [10.3] kg) completed one trial of repeated tuck jumps on a force plate for 10 seconds. Results: Vertical ground reaction force data were used to calculate the following variables across all jump cycles: time of jump cycle (0.65 [0.04] s), ground contact time (0.22 [0.03] s), flight time (0.43 [0.04] s), duty factor (0.34 [0.05]), jump height (0.23 [0.04] m), peak vertical force (5.52 [0.91] body weight [BW]), peak center of mass displacement (0.15 [0.02] m), vertical leg stiffness (27.09 [7.06] BW·m−1), vertical average loading rate (105.94 [28.43] BW·s−1), vertical instantaneous loading rate (140.90 [28.49] BW·s−1), and net impulse (0.43 [0.03] BW·s). A sequential averaging technique indicated a minimum of 11 jumps were required for stabilization of the kinetics. Conclusions: The TJA exposes athletes to high magnitudes of vertical force. Based on the high variability of performance during early repetitions and the potential to miscategorize high-risk landing in female athletes, practitioners should consider scoring the TJA after 11 successive cycles and using kinetic profiling to support landing assessments.
Protein supplementation versus standard feeds in underweight critically ill children: a pilot dual-centre randomised controlled trial protocol
Authors: Wong Judith Ju Ming , Ong Jacqueline Soo May , Ong Chengsi , Allen John Carsen , Gandhi Mihir , Fan Lijia , Taylor Ryan , Lim Joel Kian Boon , Poh Pei Fen , Chiou Fang Kuan , Lee Jan Hau 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionProtein–energy malnutrition, increased catabolism and inadequate nutritional support leads to loss of lean body mass with muscle wasting and delayed recovery in critical illness. However, there remains clinical equipoise regarding the risks and benefits of protein supplementation. This pilot trial will determine the feasibility of performing a larger multicentre trial to determine if a strategy of protein supplementation in critically ill children with body mass index (BMI) z-score ≤−2 is superior to standard enteral nutrition in reducing the length of stay in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU).Methods and analysisThis is a randomised controlled trial of 70 children in two PICUs in Singapore. Children with BMI z-score ≤−2 on PICU admission, who are expected to require invasive mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours, will be randomised (1:1 allocation) to protein supplementation of ≥1.5 g/kg/day in addition to standard nutrition, or standard nutrition alone for 7 days after enrolment or until PICU discharge, whichever is earlier. Feasibility outcomes for the trial include effective screening, satisfactory enrolment rate, timely protocol implementation (within first 72 hours) and protocol adherence. Secondary outcomes include mortality, PICU length of stay, muscle mass, anthropometric measurements and functional outcomes.Ethics and disseminationThe trial protocol was approved by the institutional review board of both participating centres (Singhealth Centralised Institutional Review Board and National Healthcare Group Domain Specific Review Board) under the reference number 2020/2742. Findings of the trial will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences.Trial registration numberNCT04565613.
Improving Skin cancer Management with ARTificial Intelligence (SMARTI): protocol for a preintervention/postintervention trial of an artificial intelligence system used as a diagnostic aid for skin cancer management in a specialist dermatology setting
Authors: Felmingham Claire , MacNamara Samantha , Cranwell William , Williams Narelle , Wada Miki , Adler Nikki R , Ge Zongyuan , Sharfe Alastair , Bowling Adrian , Haskett Martin , Wolfe Rory , Mar Victoria 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionConvolutional neural networks (CNNs) can diagnose skin cancers with impressive accuracy in experimental settings, however, their performance in the real-world clinical setting, including comparison to teledermatology services, has not been validated in prospective clinical studies.Methods and analysisParticipants will be recruited from dermatology clinics at the Alfred Hospital and Skin Health Institute, Melbourne. Skin lesions will be imaged using a proprietary dermoscopic camera. The artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm, a CNN developed by MoleMap Ltd and Monash eResearch, classifies lesions as benign, malignant or uncertain. This is a preintervention/postintervention study. In the preintervention period, treating doctors are blinded to AI lesion assessment. In the postintervention period, treating doctors review the AI lesion assessment in real time, and have the opportunity to then change their diagnosis and management. Any skin lesions of concern and at least two benign lesions will be selected for imaging. Each participant’s lesions will be examined by a registrar, the treating consultant dermatologist and later by a teledermatologist. At the conclusion of the preintervention period, the safety of the AI algorithm will be evaluated in a primary analysis by measuring its sensitivity, specificity and agreement with histopathology where available, or the treating consultant dermatologists’ classification. At trial completion, AI classifications will be compared with those of the teledermatologist, registrar, treating dermatologist and histopathology. The impact of the AI algorithm on diagnostic and management decisions will be evaluated by: (1) comparing the initial management decision of the registrar with their AI-assisted decision and (2) comparing the benign to malignant ratio (for lesions biopsied) between the preintervention and postintervention periods.Ethics and disseminationHuman Research Ethics Committee (HREC) approval received from the Alfred Hospital Ethics Committee on 14 February 2019 (HREC/48865/Alfred-2018). Findings from this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, non-peer reviewed media and conferences.Trial registration numberNCT04040114.
Effectiveness and scalability of an electronic patient-reported outcome measure and decision support tool for family-centred and participation-focused early intervention: PROSPECT hybrid type 1 trial protocol
Authors: Kaelin Vera , Villegas Vivian , Chen Yi-Fan , Murphy Natalie , Papautsky Elizabeth , Litfin Jodi , Leland Natalie , Maheshwari Varun , McManus Beth , Khetani Mary 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionEarly intervention (EI) endorses family-centred and participation-focused services, but there remain insufficient options for systematically enacting this service approach. The Young Children’s Participation and Environment Measure electronic patient-reported outcome (YC-PEM e-PRO) is an evidence-based measure for caregivers that enables family-centred services in EI. The Parent-Reported Outcomes for Strengthening Partnership within the Early Intervention Care Team (PROSPECT) is a community-based pragmatic trial examining the effectiveness of implementing the YC-PEM e-PRO measure and decision support tool as an option for use within routine EI care, on service quality and child outcomes (aim 1). Following trial completion, we will characterise stakeholder perspectives of facilitators and barriers to its implementation across multiple EI programmes (aim 2).Methods and analysisThis study employs a hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation study design. For aim 1, we aim to enrol 223 caregivers of children with or at risk for developmental disabilities or delays aged 0–3 years old that have accessed EI services for three or more months from one EI programme in the Denver Metro catchment of Colorado. Participants will be invited to enrol for 12 months, beginning at the time of their child’s annual evaluation of progress. Participants will be randomised using a cluster-randomised design at the EI service coordinator level. Both groups will complete baseline testing and follow-up assessment at 1, 6 and 12 months. A generalised linear mixed model will be fitted for each outcome of interest, with group, time and their interactions as primary fixed effects, and adjusting for child age and condition severity as secondary fixed effects. For aim 2, we will conduct focus groups with EI stakeholders (families in the intervention group, service coordinators and other service providers in the EI programme, and programme leadership) which will be analysed thematically to explain aim 1 results and identify supports and remaining barriers to its broader implementation in multiple EI programmes.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the institutional review boards at the University of Illinois at Chicago (2020-0555) and University of Colorado (20-2380). An active dissemination plan will ensure that findings have maximum reach for research and practice.Trial registration numberNCT04562038.
Quality of life of adolescents with menstrual problems in Klang Valley, Malaysia: a school population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Mariappen Uma , Chew Kah Teik , Zainuddin Ani Amelia , Mahdy Zaleha Abdullah , Abdul Ghani Nur Azurah , Grover Sonia 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveTo describe the prevalence of menstrual problems (heavy menses bleeding, dysmenorrhoea and oligomenorrhoea) and its impact towards quality of life among adolescents in Klang Valley, Malaysia.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingAdolescent girls at secondary schools in the Klang Valley, Malaysia.Population729 adolescents aged between 13 and 18 years.MethodA questionnaire survey using Menorrhagia Questionnaire and Paediatric Quality of Life-Teen Report Ages 13–18 (PedsQL).Main outcome measuresSelf reports of menstrual bleeding patterns, morbidities and effect on quality of life.ResultsThe prevalence of menstrual problems among adolescents was 63.9% in the Klang Valley. Adolescents with menstrual problems had significant lower mean total score of PedsQL (70.23±13.53 vs 76.36±14.93, p=0.001), physical health summary score (74.10±16.83 vs 79.00±15.86, p<0.001) and psychosocial health summary score (68.05±14.27 vs 73.21±13.09, p=0.001) compared with those without menstrual problem. Adolescents experiencing heavy menses bleeding had the lowest physical and emotional function. Those with oligomenorrhoea had the lowest social function, whereas those with dysmenorrhoea had the lowest school function. Cigarette smoking, alcohol and medical illness had lower health-related quality of life, whereas taking oral contraceptive pills for menstrual problems was associated with higher scores in these adolescents.ConclusionMenstrual problems among adolescents have a significant impact on their quality of life. It is probably wise to screen them at the school level, to identify those with low functional scores and to refer them for proper management at a tertiary adolescent gynaecology centre.