bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐Temperature Isolation of a Labile Silylated Hydrazinium‐yl Radical Cation, [(Me3Si)2N−N(H)SiMe3].+
Authors: Reiß Fabian , Villinger Alexander , Brand Harald , Baumann Wolfgang , Hollmann Dirk , Schulz Axel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe oxidation of silylated hydrazine, (Me3Si)2N−N(H)SiMe3, with silver salts led to the formation of a highly labile hydrazinium‐yl radical cation, [(Me3Si)2N−N(H)SiMe3].+, at very low temperatures (decomposition > −40 °C). EPR, NMR, DFT and Raman studies revealed the formation of a nitrogen‐centered radical cation along the N−N unit of the hydrazine. In the presence of the weakly coordinating anion [Al{OCH(CF3)2}4]−, crystallization and structural characterization in the solid state were achieved. The hydrazinium‐yl radical cation has a significantly shortened N−N bond and a nearly planar N2Si3 framework, in contrast to the starting material. According to DFT calculations, the shortened N−N bond has a total bond order of 1.5 with a π‐bond order of 0.5. The π bond can be regarded as a three‐π‐electron, two‐center bond.
Stereochemical study on planar‐chiral cyclic molecules using polysaccharide‐based column chromatography
Authors: Igawa Kazunobu , Uehara Kazuhiro , Kawasaki Yuuya , Tomooka Katsuhiko 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe presence of planar chirality of a variety of medium‐sized heterocycles, along with nine‐membered cyclic ketone and its enol ester, was revealed by observation of isolable enantiomers by analytical high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a chiral stationary phase with a polysaccharide‐based chiral selector. Several tens of milligrams of enantiomers of the planar‐chiral molecules were successfully separated by preparative‐scale HPLC, leading to the preparation of an enantioenriched sample. This in turn enabled detailed stereochemical studies, including measurement of half‐lives of the optical activity and X‐ray crystallography for elucidation of stereochemistry.
“From Dieselgate to nitrogen” – An experimental setting (not only) for chemistry education
Authors: Brockhage Frauke , Amel Henning , Lüsse Mientje , Pietzner Verena , Beeken Marco 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStickstoff ist ein überlebenswichtiges Element – in Verbindung mit anderen Elementen ist es Grundlage für pflanzliche und tierische Lebensformen, beispielsweise als Bestandteil von Proteinen und Enzymen. Durch anthropogene Einflüsse wurde der Stickstoffkreislauf jedoch maßgeblich destabilisiert, wodurch Risiken für erhebliche Folgen auf Mensch und Umwelt entstehen. Eine Ursache des übermäßigen Eintrags reaktiver Stickstoffverbindungen in die Umwelt sind Verbrennungsprozesse im Verkehr und in der Industrie, wodurch hohe Stickoxidbelastungen insbesondere in städtischen und verkehrsreichen Gebieten auftreten. Die Chemie liefert mit dem SCR‐Verfahren zur Reduzierung der Stickoxidemissionen eine Lösung, welche jedoch von mehreren Automobilherstellern manipuliert wurde. In diesem Beitrag wird unter dem Kontext des VW‐Abgasskandals anhand innovativer Experimente dargestellt, wie die Stickstoffproblematik Einzug in die schulische Bildung erhalten kann.
DFT Study of the BH4− Hydrolysis on Au(111) Surface
Authors: Raju Karimadom Basil , Varshney Shalaka , Zidki Tomer , Meyerstein Dan , Kornweitz Haya 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe mechanism of the catalytic hydrolysis of BH4− on Au(111) as studied by DFT is reported. The results are compared to the analogous process on Ag(111) that was recently reported. It is found that the borohydride species are adsorbed stronger on the Au0‐NP surface than on the Ag0‐NP surface. The electron affinity of the Au is larger than that of Ag. The results indicate that only two steps of hydrolysis are happening on the Au(111) surface and the reaction mechanism differs significantly from that on the Ag(111) surface. These remarkable results were experimentally verified. Upon hydrolysis, only three hydrogens of BH4− are transferred to the Au surface, not all four, and H2 generation is enhanced in the presence of surface H atoms. Thus, it is proposed that the BH4− hydrolysis and reduction mechanisms catalyzed by M0‐NPs depend considerably on the nature of the metal.
Successful endoscopic sclerotherapy with bile duct stenting for a vascular malformation neighboring the duodenal papilla in blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome
Authors: Unoura Shingo , Toya Yosuke , Kasugai Satoshi , Kumei Tomo , Yamazato Masanao , Sasaki Yutaka , Eizuka Makoto , Oizumi Tomofumi , Morishita Toshifumi , Tagane Seiya , Shiohata Takeshi , Yanai Shunichi , Akasaka Manami , Matsumoto Takayuki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA 14‐year‐old girl, who had been diagnosed with blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome, was referred to our hospital because of iron deficiency anemia. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a dark and red‐colored vascular malformation occurring just above the duodenal papilla. Because the lesion was regarded as the cause of the anemia, we performed polidocanol injection therapy with bile duct stenting. Since esophagogastroduodenoscopy performed a month later revealed a scarred ulcer, the bile duct stent was removed. She has been under observation as an outpatient without any symptoms.
Pest management in future climates: Warming reduces physical weed management effectiveness
Authors: Keller Joseph A. , Shea Katriona 
Published: April 2022

AbstractClimate change alters many aspects of weed performance and may also alter the effectiveness of management practices to control pests. Despite this concern, entire categories of widely used management practices, such as physical control, remain understudied in this context. We conducted a field experiment growing the invasive pest musk thistle (Carduus nutans) at ambient and experimentally elevated temperatures. We tested mowing management strategies that varied in the timing of a single mowing event relative to thistles' stem elongation phenology and compared these with an unmowed control. Results from this experiment informed demographic models to project population growth rates for different warming/mowing scenarios. Compared to plants grown under ambient conditions, warmed thistles were more likely to survive the same mowing treatment, flowered earlier in the season, grew to taller heights, and produced more flowering capitula. Proportional reductions in plant height and capitulum production caused by mowing were smaller under warming. Warming did not change the relative ranking of mowing treatments; mowing late in the growing season (2 weeks after individuals first reached a height of 40 cm) was most effective at ambient temperatures and under warming. Warming caused significant increases in projected local population growth rate for all mowing treatments. For invasive musk thistle, warmed individuals outperformed individuals grown at ambient temperatures across all the mowing treatments we considered. Our results suggest that to achieve outcomes comparable to those attainable at today's temperatures, farmers will need to apply supplemental management, possibly including additional mowing effort or alternative practices such as chemical control. We recommend that scientists test management practices under experimental warming, where possible, and that managers monitor ongoing management to identify changes in effectiveness. Information about changes in managed weeds' mortality, fecundity, and phenology can then be used to make informed decisions in future climates.
Does egg carotenoid improve larval quality in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus)?
Authors: Egeland Torvald Blikra , Egeland Einar Skarstad , Nordeide Jarle Tryti 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFemales in mutually ornamented species are often less conspicuously ornamented than their male conspecifics. It has been hypothesized that offspring quality may decrease if females invest more resources into ornaments at the expense of resources in eggs. An experiment was carried out to test whether natural variation in carotenoid in the eggs from a wild population of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) was associated with survival and growth of their offspring until hatching. Wild Arctic charr were caught at a spawning ground during the spawning period. Eggs from two different females, one female with yellowish carotenoid‐rich eggs and one with paler eggs, were fertilized by sperm from the same male. This was repeated until gametes were collected from 42 females and 21 males, giving a total of 21 groups. After fertilization, the zygotes from each of the two females were reared in four replicated groups. These 168 groups were reared separately until hatching when the surviving larvae were counted and their body length measured. For the two response variables survival and body length at hatching, no effect was demonstrated of any of the predictors (i) amount of carotenoid in the unfertilized eggs, (ii) the mothers' body condition, or (iii) ornament intensity of their red carotenoid‐based abdominal ornament. Thus, this study gives no support for the hypothesis that females investing less carotenoid into their eggs suffer from decreased offspring quality until hatching. This lack of association between female ornament intensity and their fitness is not as expected if female ornaments evolved due to direct sexual selection from males on the more ornamented females (“direct selection hypothesis”).
Joint effect of cognitive decline and walking ability on incidence of wandering behavior in older adults with dementia: A cohort study
Authors: Murata Shunsuke , Takegami Misa , Ogata Soshiro , Ono Rei , Nakatsuka Kiyomasa , Nakaoku Yuriko , Iihara Koji , Hagihara Akihito , Nishimura Kunihiro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesWandering behavior is one of the most troublesome behavioral disturbances in dementia. Inconsistent associations between physical function and wandering behavior were reported, and the effect of cognitive decline may be different according to walking ability. The purposes of this study are to investigate whether high walking ability is a risk factor for wandering behavior and to investigate the interaction of walking ability and cognitive function with wandering behavior in older adults with dementia.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 3979 elderly adults with dementia. The association of cognitive function and walking ability with incidence of wandering behavior during a 5‐year follow‐up period were examined using a generalized linear model, and relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) was calculated.ResultsSevere cognitive decline and high walking ability were associated with a higher risk for wandering behavior. Additionally, some joint effects of cognitive decline and walking ability decline were higher than the sum of its individual effects (RERI [95% confidence interval], severe cognitive decline × ‘walk with help’: 1.58 [0.35, 2.81]; severe cognitive decline × ‘independent’: 3.09 [1.05, 5.14]).ConclusionsEffects of cognitive decline and walking ability on incidence of wandering behavior were observed, and the effects varied depending on their combination.
Coping with the consequences of short‐term illness shocks: The role of intra‐household labor substitution
Authors: Dureja Abhishek , Negi Digvijay S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn developing countries where medical infrastructure, service delivery systems, and the markets for health insurance are underdeveloped, one important mechanism to cope with the consequences of health shocks is the intra‐household substitution of labor. This paper studies the impact of short‐term illness shocks on labor supply and wage earnings of prime‐aged individuals using data from agricultural households in India. It also documents the compensating intra‐household labor supply responses of other non‐ill members of the household. We find that an illness shock reduces an individual's monthly wage earnings by 7.1% via the decline in the individual's days of employment in the labor market. Further, an illness shock to the household head causes a compensating increase in the wage labor supply of the wife. An illness shock to the wife, however, induces the household head to devote more time to domestic activities. The compensating labor supply responses are only partially able to insure the loss in total wage income of the household. Our results indicate that the gender‐based specialization of labor weakens in the event of an illness shock.
Bone marrow metastasis in a patient with non‐seminomatous testicular germ cell tumor
Authors: Ueda Takashi , Takada Ippei , Shimizu Teruki , Ito Saya , Fujihara Atsuko , Shiraishi Takumi , Nakamura Terukazu , Ukimura Osamu 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionMetastasis to the bone marrow is rare in testicular germ cell tumor patients. We report a case of a patient with a non‐seminomatous testicular germ cell tumor who presented with bone marrow metastases after intensive chemotherapy.Case presentationA 36‐year‐old man was admitted to the hospital with pancytopenia. Previously, he had received intensive care for an advanced left testicular germ cell tumor. Although multidisciplinary treatments including several regimens of salvage chemotherapy, desperation retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, and focal radiotherapy were performed, the serum tumor marker alfa‐fetoprotein was not normalized and there were no findings of relapse by several imaging modalities. Bone marrow aspirate, conducted to diagnose a cause of pancytopenia, revealed metastatic germ cell tumors in the bone marrow.ConclusionBone marrow metastasis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with germ cell tumors whose serum tumor makers are not normalized without any radiographic finding of recurrence.
Therapeutic plasma exchange for multiorgan dysfunction among critically ill pediatric patients with leukemia: A single‐institutional experience
Authors: Mc Dermott Sarah , Dargan Chandni , Gonzalez Dominguez Elizabeth , Music Aplenc Lejla , Flatt Terrie , Iqbal Nazia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionTherapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) has well‐documented applications in the adult population, outlined by the American Society for Apheresis (ASFA) 2019 guidelines. Limited data exist regarding the use of TPE in critically ill pediatric patients; however, these reports rarely include patients with oncological diseases.MethodsWe highlight the use of TPE in the acute management of seven pediatric patients with leukemia treated at Children's Mercy Hospital ICU from 2015 to 2020, including TPE specifications, baseline and interval laboratory evaluation, and outcome measures. Analysis compared those who did (n = 4) and did not (n = 3) survive 30 days post‐TPE.ResultsMultiorgan failure (MOF) prompted the initiation of TPE in 85.7% of patients, 57.1% of whom were also diagnosed with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Baseline laboratory evaluations prior to initiation of TPE were similar between the two groups. With subsequent TPE treatments, C‐reactive protein (CRP) and lactic acid decreased. CRP and lactic acid following the last TPE treatment were significantly higher for those deceased 30 days post‐TPE (P = .023 and .031, respectively). No TPE‐associated adverse events necessitated discontinuation of TPE treatment. Several surviving patients required chemotherapy dose reductions or alterations.ConclusionOur cohort demonstrated MOF and HLH consistently as indications for TPE, currently ASFA category III indications (optimal role of apheresis is not yet established). Recognition of this treatment modality earlier in the clinical course for critically ill oncological patients may lead to the development of formal protocols that may result in earlier initiation of TPE and improved outcomes.
FASB ASC § 740 simplification of income taxes: An evaluation of the effects on U.S. corporate financial statements from 2015‐present
Authors: Green Hunter , Mason Carter , Boyer‐Davis Stacy 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe FASB Codification is a key document in financial accounting as it serves the role of authoritative guidance for a majority of the field. The main problem associated with the Codification comes from its unwieldly complexity, which can give rise to corruption in financial reporting, compliance issues, and general difficulty in application. To combat such issues, FASB has undertaken several projects, referred to as the simplification initiative, to reduce complexity in order to provide better cost‐benefit usage of the guidance. Simplification of the Codification also provides several supplemental benefits, such as closer guidance to IFRS standards and reduced corruption activities. An examination of the impacts of the simplification initiative on corporate financial accounting relating to accounting standards update (ASC) § 740, accounting for income taxes demonstrates the benefits of simplification, as well as any detriments that may exist. By looking at the history of simplification and taxes, certain estimations of the effects of future changes may be determined.
ZZS similarity tool: The online tool for similarity screening to identify chemicals of potential concern
Authors: Wassenaar Pim N. H. , Rorije Emiel , Vijver Martina G. , Peijnenburg Willie J. G. M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractScreening and prioritization of chemicals is essential to ensure that available evaluation capacity is invested in those substances that are of highest concern. We, therefore, recently developed structural similarity models that evaluate the structural similarity of substances with unknown properties to known Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC), which could be an indication of comparable effects. In the current study the performance of these models is improved by (1) separating known SVHCs in more specific subgroups, (2) (re‐)optimizing similarity models for the various SVHC‐subgroups, and (3) improving interpretability of the predicted outcomes by providing a confidence score. The improvements are directly incorporated in a freely accessible web‐based tool, named the ZZS similarity tool: https://rvszoeksysteem.rivm.nl/ZzsSimilarityTool. Accordingly, this tool can be used by risk assessors, academia and industrial partners to screen and prioritize chemicals for further action and evaluation within varying frameworks, and could support the identification of tomorrow's substances of concern.
E2f4 is required for intestinal and otolith development in zebrafish
Authors: Jin Xiaolin , Liu Junjun , Wang Shuo , Shi Jiale , Zhao Chengtian , Xie Haibo , Kang Yunsi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractE2f4 is a multifunctional transcription factor that is essential for many cellular processes. Although the role of E2f4 during cell cycle progression has been investigated in great detail, less is known about E2f4 during embryonic development. Here, we investigated the role of E2f4 during zebrafish development. Zebrafish e2f4 mutants displayed ectopic otolith formation due to abnormal ciliary beating in the otic vesicle. The beating defects of motile cilia were caused by abnormal expression of ciliary motility genes. The expression of two genes, lrrc23 and ccdc151, were significantly decreased in the absence of E2f4. In addition to that, e2f4 mutants also displayed growth retardation both in the body length and body weight and mostly died at around 6 months old. Although food intake was normal in the mutants, we found that the microvilli of the intestinal epithelia were significantly affected in the mutants. Finally, the intestinal epithelia of e2f4 mutants also displayed reduced cell proliferation, together with an increased level of cell apoptosis. Our data suggested a tissue‐specific role of E2f4 during zebrafish development, which is distinct from the traditional views of this protein as a transcription repressor.
Consumption of cowpea‐based dishes in Benin: Main motives and barriers, and spatial and temporal changes
Authors: Akissoé Lorène , Icard‐Vernière Christèle , Madodé Yann E. , Hemery Youna M. , Kpossilande Claudia E. , Mouquet‐Rivier Claire , Hounhouigan D. Joseph 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn Benin, cowpea products are commonly consumed traditional dishes. Urbanization and income changes contribute to eating habit modifications in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Therefore, the aims of this study were (i) to identify factors influencing cowpea consumption and (ii) to document generational changes in cowpea consumption in rural and urban areas. A Food Frequency Questionnaire, which considered nine cowpea‐based dishes classified in three groups (doughnuts, stews, and mixed dishes), was filled in by 1,217 adults in Cotonou (urban area) and in Adjohoun and Allada (rural areas). Sixteen focus group discussions (n = 7–13 participants/each) were also carried out. Cowpea‐based dishes were consumed by 90%–95% of respondents. Socioeconomic and demographic factors had little or no influence on cowpea‐based dish consumption. The main motivations for their consumption were health benefits and satiety provided at low cost. The main barriers to cowpea consumption, identified by participants, were preference for other foods, lack of availability as street food, and ignorance of some traditional dishes. Digestive discomfort was also identified as a factor that reduced the frequency of cowpea‐based dish consumption, but not as a factor of non‐consumption. Changes in cooking methods and consumption patterns were pointed out by the respondents for some of these cowpea‐based dishes with the aim to reduce cooking time or improve the dish attractiveness. Our findings bring knowledge on cowpea consumption in urban and rural areas in the south of Benin that could help to develop strategies for limiting the nutritional transition‐linked decrease of cowpea consumption in the future.
On the Neumann problem for fractional semilinear elliptic equations arising from Keller–Segel model
Authors: Jin Zhen‐Feng , Sun Hong‐Rui 
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we study the following fractional semilinear Neumann problem arising from Keller–Segel model:

where
is a smooth bounded domain and
is the outward unit normal to
. First, under the superlinear and subcritical growth assumptions on
, we prove that there exists at least one positive nonconstant solution
for small
and the family of solutions
is uniformly bounded. Moreover, we build a Pohozaev‐type identity for the (
‐) Neumann harmonic extension of the following problem:

where
is a
function such that
. As a direct application of this identity, when
satisfies
, where
, we deduce the nonexistence of weak bounded solution in star‐shaped domains.
Exenatide for weight‐loss maintenance in adolescents with severe obesity: A randomized, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Fox Claudia K. , Clark Justin M. , Rudser Kyle D. , Ryder Justin R. , Gross Amy C. , Nathan Brandon M. , Sunni Muna , Dengel Donald R. , Billington Charles J. , Bensignor Megan O. , Kelly Aaron S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study sought to evaluate the effect of 52 weeks of exenatide extended release (XR) on the maintenance of meal replacement therapy (MRT)‐induced BMI reduction in adolescents with severe obesity.MethodsIn this randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial, 100 participants aged 12 to 18 years with BMI ≥ 1.2 × 95th percentile were enrolled in a short‐term MRT run‐in phase. Those who achieved ≥5% BMI reduction during the run‐in were then randomized to 52 weeks of exenatide XR 2.0 mg or placebo weekly. Both groups also received lifestyle therapy. The prespecified primary end point was mean percent change in BMI from randomization (post run‐in) to 52 weeks in the intention‐to‐treat population.ResultsA total of 100 participants were enrolled, and 66 (mean age 16 = [SD 1.5] years; 47% female) achieved ≥5% BMI reduction with MRT and were randomized (33 to exenatide XR and 33 to placebo). From randomization (post run‐in) to 52 weeks, mean BMI increased 4.6% and 10.1% in the exenatide XR and placebo groups, respectively. The placebo‐subtracted exenatide XR treatment effect was −4.1% (95% CI: −8.6% to 0.5%, p = 0.078).ConclusionsAlthough not achieving statistical significance, exenatide XR, compared with placebo, may partly mitigate the propensity toward BMI rebound in adolescents who achieved initial weight loss with dietary intervention.