bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-Booking For Antenatal Care And Risks For Vertical HIV Transmission Among Women In Chitungwiza, Zimbabwe: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Authors: Mandima Patricia , Schaay Nikki , Ngara Bernard , Lembani Martina 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: The success of prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT ) dependents on pregnant women accessing antenatal care (ANC) services. Failure to book for ANC through the course of pregnancy presents a missed opportunity for PMTCT and a high risk for maternal HIV transmission. Whilst unbooking was about 6% in Zimbabwe, it is important to determine the local burden of women both un-booked for ANC and living with HIV among pregnant women. in Chitungwiza city This study aimed at determining the proportion of women un-booked for antenatal care and among them, the proportion of women who were with HIV and to identify risk factors associated with un-booking in Chitungwiza city in Zimbabwe, Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving a review of clinic records for 4400 women who received postnatal care at all 4 maternity clinics in Chitungwiza city between 01 January 2017 and 31 December 2017. The Chi-square test was used to determine association between participants’ booking status and socio-demographic variables. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine risk factors associated with booking status while adjusting for other study variables. All statistics tests’ decisions were concluded at 5% level of significance. All data analysis was performed using STATA (version 13) statistical package. Results: A total of 19% of pregnant women were un-booked for ANC, while a total of 3% of the women were both un-booked and living with HIV. The women with HIV were 0.24 times less likely to book for ANC than HIV negative women, adjusted OR 0.76, 95% CI (0.61-0.98) P=0. 037. Women aged 20-34 years were 1.3 times more likely to book than the teenagers, adjusted OR 1.3, 95% CL (1.04-1.62), P=0.022. Conclusion: Not booking for ANC is a problem in the city of Chitungwiza, affecting access to PMTCT services. The results from this study illustrate the need to use local data for local planning rather than national data.
Facile Fabrication of Quaternized Sisal Fiber by Electron Beam Radiation and its Effective Adsorption for Indigo Carmine from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Du Jifu , Fan Dongcheng , Dong Zhen , Yang Xin , Zhao Long 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The removal of Indigo carmine (IC) from the aquatic environment is necessary due to its high toxicity. In this study, methacryloxy ethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC) modified sisal fiber (SF-DMC) was prepared by a one-step process using radiation induced grafting polymerization. The adsorption performance of SF-DMC toward IC dye was investigated by batch adsorption experiments. The adsorption kinetic studies shows that adsorption equilibrium reached within 30 min, and it can be well described by pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption isotherms are well described by Langmuir model, and the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity are 709.22 to 892.86 mg/g at different temperature. The adsorption of IC onto SF-DMC is a spontaneous and exothermic reaction and low temperature is favorable for adsorption. Besides, SF-DMC has good selective adsorption for IC in the mixed anionic dyes and in high-salt solution. The dyes on SF-DMC can be desorbed by 2mol/L HCl solution. Therefore, the SF-DMC exhibits excellent adsorption performance, which is suitable for IC removal from high-salt wastewater.
Myopia in Bulgarian school children: prevalence, risk factors, and health care coverage
Authors: Dragomirova Mila , Antonova Albena , Stoykova Slavena , Mihova Gergana , Grigorova Denitsa 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: The prevalence of myopia has increased in recent years, with changes being dynamic and uneven in different regions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of visual impairment caused by myopia in Bulgarian school children, associated risk factors, and health care coverage.Methods: A cross-sectional study among 1401 children (mean age 10.38, standard deviation 2.70) is conducted in three locations in Bulgaria from 2016 to 2020. Refractive error is measured with an auto-refractor in the absence of cycloplegia, the visual acuity is assessed without refractive error correction. A paper-based preliminary questionnaire is used to collect data on previous eye examinations, prescribed optical vision correction, regularity of wearing corrective glasses and risk factors.Results: Children with myopic objective refraction ≤ -0.75 D and decimal VA≤0.8 on at least one of the eyes are 236 out of 1401 or 16.85%. The prevalence of myopia varies depending on age, geographical location, and school profile. The rate of myopic children at primary schools is 14.3% compared to 19.9% at secondary schools. The prevalence of myopic children in Sofia (the capital) is 31.4% compared to 19.9% in Veliko Tarnovo (medium-sized town) and 8.4% in Devnya (small town). Only 8.8% are the myopic children in the sport school. The health care coverage of all myopic pupils shows that 71.6% have a previous eye examination, 43.2% have prescribed corrective glasses, 27.5% wear their glasses regularly. Risk factors for higher odds of myopia are gender (female), age (adolescence), and parents with impaired vision. Residence in a small town and daily sport activities correspond to lower odds for myopia. The screen time (time in front of the screen calculated in hours per day) is self-reported and is not associated with increased odds of myopia when accounted for the other risk factors.Conclusions: The prevalence of myopia in this study is higher compared to previous studies in Bulgaria. The reported low levels of health care coverage indicate the need to update health policies and improve awareness of the issues of all stakeholders.
Plasma-assisted synthesis of noble nanoparticles coated with hyaluronan: chemico-physical characterization and safety assessment
Authors: Caruso Viviana , Merche Delphine , Baneton Joffrey , Ozkan Alp , Greco Valentina , Cucci Lorena , Amico Pietro , Caputo Michele , Inturri Rosanna , Vaccaro Susanna , Renier François , Satriano Cristina 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Nanosystems are gaining attention rapidly in the biomedical, chemical, material, computer, and catalysis field. Recent researches have been focused on synthetic methods to decrease toxicity and side effects respect to classic formulations. Although, the harmonization in interpretative criteria of biological activity is limited as well as the strategies to improve the scalability of synthetic technologies. The present work described the use of atmospheric plasma as a promising strategy to produce size-controlled and safe noble nanoparticles, which could not show surface toxicity due to absorption of chemicals during the synthesis reaction. The physisorption with Hyaluronic Acid was used to modulate nanoparticles aggregation kinetic and improve biological properties. Physico-chemical characterization has been conducted using NMR spectroscopy, UV-visible and dynamic light scattering. Cytotoxicity on bacterial and HUVEC cells has been tested. The results demonstrated the efficiency of plasma synthetic method to control nanoparticles size and toxicity, improving selectively antibacterial activity against Gram-negative.
Roles of Anion Sites in High-performance GeTe Thermoelectrics
Authors: Li Meng , Xu Shengduo , Hong Min , Lyu Wan-Yu , Wang Yuan , Dargusch Matthew , Zou Jin , Cheng Hui-Ming , Chen Zhi-Gang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Cation doping has been mainly used to enhance the performance of rocksalt GeTe thermoelectric materials. However, its counterpart, anion doping, is still in infancy. Here, we provide a theoretical insight into modifying the anion sites of GeTe for obtaining a better thermoelectric performance, envisaging its coordinate-based bonding mechanisms accounting for carrier and phonon transport characteristics. To support our point, we experimentally synthesized anion I doped GeTe samples, which show comparably optimized electrical and thermal properties compared to Sb or Bi doped GeTe samples. The (Bi, I) co-doped GeTe samples further obtain an enhanced figure-of-merit from 0.8 to 2.5 at 675 K, which can be assembled as an 8-couple thermoelectric generator to yield a conversion efficiency of ~11.6% under a temperature difference of 500 K. This work rationalizes the potential of anion doping for high-performance GeTe thermoelectrics.
Is Traction Spur, Modic Changes And Vacuum Phenomenon Really An Indicator of Segmental Instability In The Lumbar Spine?
Authors: Tsukamoto Masatsugu , Morimoto Tadatsugu , Kobayashi Takaomi , Muranaka Kazuki , Yoshihara Tomohito , Maeda Kazumasa , Sonohata Motoki , Kasai Yuichi , Otani Koji , Mawatari Masaaki 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A thorough understanding of lumbar segmental motion is valuable to treat patients with degenerative lumbar disease, but kinematics associated with indicators of lumbar intervertebral instability (traction spur, Modic changes (MCs) and vacuum phenomenon (VP)) in the lumbar spine have not been well understood. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationships between traction spur, MCs and VP to radiographic measurements in the lumbar spine.A total of 525 lumbar discs from L1-2 to L5-S1 of 105 patients were evaluated. The sagittal translation (ST) and sagittal angulation (SA) were measured from the radiographs taken flexion-extension. The anterior disc height (ADH) was measured from the lateral radiographs, and AADH was measured as the difference from supine to sitting position. Logistic regression analyses were used to detect the association between the existence of traction spur, MCs and VP and related factors. Multivariate analysis showed that the traction spur was significantly related to translational motion (ST>2mm, OR 4.74) and the VP were significantly related to vertical motion ( ADH >3mm, OR 1.94). These results suggest that the segments with traction spur and VP should be evaluated carefully because these may be a sign of lumbar intervertebral instability.
Synchrony In Triadic Jumping Performance Under The Constraints of Virtual-Reality
Authors: Naito Ayana , Go Kentaro , Shima Hiroyuki , Kijima Akifumi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The development of an immersive virtual reality system, available as a work space for both sports and physical education, would be beneficial considering the current state of high-risk virus infection. In this study, we confirm this possibility by reproducing the mathematical ordered pattern of “triadic jumping” in a virtual space. Three jumpers were asked to move together in a cramped space that was insufficient to pass each other. Within this restricted space, the ordered pattern of the jumpers’ synchrony systematically transits to another state depending on the geometrical configuration of the work space. Although the temporal rigidity of the synchrony was partially lost, the ordered pattern of the “triadic jumping” synchrony that emerged in the virtual space was qualitatively equivalent to that emerging in real space. If the sensory feedback of the collision successfully improves the temporal rigidity of the joint action ordered pattern, the idea of expanding the work space for physical education to a virtual one, could turn into a reality.
Pathways for Dolutegravir Transformation
from a Daily Oral to a Once-a-Year Parenteral Medicine
Authors: Deodhar Suyash , Sillman Brady , Bade Aditya , McMillan JoEllyn , Gautam Nagsen , Hanson Brandon , Shetty Bhagya L Dyavar , Szlachetka Adam , Johnston Morgan , Thurman Michellie , Munt Daniel , Dash Alekha , Markovic Milica , Dahan Arik , Alnouti Yazen , Kevadiya Bhavesh , BYRAREDDY SIDDAPPA , Cohen Samuel , Edagwa Benson , Gendelman Howard 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
An “ultra” long-acting (LA) integrase strand transfer inhibitor was created by screening a library of monomeric and dimeric dolutegravir (DTG) prodrug nanoformulations. This led, to the best of our knowledge, a “first in class” 18-carbon chain modified prodrug nanocrystal (coined as NM2DTG). Ideal physiochemical and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties facilitated slow drug release from tissue macrophage prodrug depot stores for up to one year after a single intramuscular injection. Both the muscle injection site and secondary lymphoid tissues were depots of prodrug hydrolysis; dependent on nanocrystal dissolution and prodrug release rates, drug-depot volume, perfusion, and cell-tissue pH. Each affected an extended NM2DTG apparent half-life by recorded PK parameters. The NM2DTG LA product can impact therapeutic adherence, tolerability, and access to a widely used integrase inhibitor in resource-limited and rich settings to reduce HIV-1 transmission and achieve optimal treatment outcomes.
Validation of the Arabic Version of the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI-Ar) Among a Sample of Lebanese University Students
Authors: Hallit Souheil , Bitar Zeinab , Rogoza Radoslaw , Obeid Sahar 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Mindfulness presents a self-regulation tool allowing the individual to recognize and accept mental experiences. We chose to validate the short form of FMI called FMI-14, since it contains all aspects of the original long version and it can be used among various general population. Interests in including mindfulness techniques in medical and psychological fields has been increasing recently. Accordingly, it is important to validate FMI-14-Ar to help professionals living in the Arabic speaking countries. Thus, the main objective of this study was to validate the Arabic version of the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI-Ar) among a sample of Lebanese university students.
Methods
This study is a cross-sectional one carried out between July and September 2021 and enrolling 363 Lebanese university students recruited through convenience sampling through several Lebanese universities. The questionnaire included socio-demographic characteristics and the following scales: Lebanese Anxiety Scale (LAS-10) to assess anxiety, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to assess depression and Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI) to assess mindfulness. To estimate categorical confirmatory factor analysis of the FMI scale the Mplus was used and SPSS software version 23 was used for data analysis.
Results
Participants mean age was 22.65 ± 3.48 years, and the majority 61.7% were females. The fit indices of the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the one-factor model of the FMI came out as follows: χ2/df= 218.33/77=2.83, RMSEA= 0.071 [0.060-0.082], CFI=0.92 and TLI= 0.90. The Cronbach’s alpha value for the total scale was excellent (0.92). Additionally, the FMI score was negatively associated with anxiety (r=-0.48; p<0.001) and depression (r=-0.51; p=0.001).
Conclusion
All hypotheses (factor, convergent, and divergent validity) related to the FMI-Ar were verified in our study. Therefore, professionals can now benefit from the FMI-Ar, a suitable scale to measure mindfulness among Lebanese university students.
Financial Toxicity in Female Patients with Breast Cancer: A National Cross-Sectional Study in China
Authors: Liu Meicen , Hu Linlin , Han Xueyan , Cao Man , Sun Jing , Liu Yuanli 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To quantify financial toxicity of female patients with breast cancer in China and investigate its factors and patients’ coping strategies.Methods: The Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity (COST) is defined by using a structured questionnaire containing 12 items measuring perceived affordability of healthcare services, with the range of scoring of which being from 0 to 44 (higher score indicates lower financial toxicity). From January to March 2021, a total of 664 female patients diagnosed with stage 0-Ⅳ breast cancer were recruited from 33 public tertiary cancer hospitals located in 31 provinces of China. Multivariate linear regression models were used.Results: The median age of patients was 48 years (range: 26-84 years), and 62.04% lived in urban areas. The median COST score was 21.00 (Interquartile Range: 15-26). Older age, higher household income, and better self-reported health status were associated with lower financial toxicity, while a bigger household size, being retired or unemployed, stage Ⅳ cancer, and a history of targeted therapy were associated with higher financial toxicity (all P<0.05). Nearly half of the patients reported using at least one coping strategy, including considering quitting treatment, delaying treatment, failing to take medicine or attend medical visits as instructed. The people with increased financial toxicity seem to adopt more coping strategies.Conclusion: Financial toxicity and coping strategies are common among Chinese women with breast cancer. An understanding of the factors regarding financial toxicity may help identify at-risk patients and develop targeted interventions.
Muscle Synergies of The Butterfly Stroke: Comparison Between A History of Shoulder Pain During Swimming
Authors: Matsuura Yuiko , Matsunaga Naoto , Akuzawa Hiroshi , Kojima Tsuyoshi , Oshikawa Tomoki , Iizuka Satoshi , Okuno Keisuke , Kaneoka Koji 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether muscle coordination differs between swimmers with and without a history of swimmer's shoulder (SS). Muscle synergies, which can assess muscle coordination, in young elite male swimmers were analyzed using surface electromyography (EMG). Twenty elite swimmers who swam the butterfly stroke were included in this study (SS n=8; control n=12). Four muscle synergies in both groups were identified. Synergy #1, which is involved in the early pull, and Synergy #3, which is involved in the early recovery, were shown to be different synergies in both groups. In the SS group, the contribution of the internal oblique, external oblique, and rectus abdominis, which are involved in stabilizing the trunk, was low during the early pull. In the early recovery, the SS group had lower contributions of the serratus anterior, upper trapezius, and lower trapezius involved in stabilizing the shoulder girdle, and a lower contribution of the erector spinae presenting in the control group. In the rehabilitation is desirable to introduce exercises to obtain coordination of the upper limb and abdominal muscles in the early pull phase, and coordination of the periscapular muscles and erector spinae in the early recovery phase.
Thiomicrorhabdus immobilis sp. nov., a mesophilic sulfuroxidizing bacterium isolated from sediment of a brackish lake
Authors: Kojima Hisaya , Mochizuki Jun , Kanda Mamoru , Watanabe Tomohiro , Fukui Manabu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A novel sulfur-oxidizing bacterium, strain Am19T , was isolated from sediment of a brackish lake. Strain Am19T grew chemolithotrophically on inorganic sulfur compounds, and heterotrophic growth was not observed. Cells were rod-shaped with length of 1.1–3.0 μm and width of 0.5–0.8 μm. Growth was observed at 5–37°C with an optimum growth temperature of 30°C. The pH range for growth was 5.6–8.5 with an optimum pH of 6.6–7.0. Major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), summed feature 8 (C18 : 1w7c and/or C18 : 1w6c) and C16 : 0. The sole respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8. The complete genome of strain Am19T is composed of a circular chromosome with length of 2.5 Mbp and G + C content of 42.7 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on genomic data indicated that strain Am19 T belongs to the genus Thiomicrorhabdus but is distinct from any existing species. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene supported creation of a new species to accommodate strain Am19T . On the basis of genomic and phenotypic characteristics, strain Am19T (= NBRC 114602T = BCRC 81336T ) is proposed as the type strain of a new species, with name of Thiomicrorhabdus immobilis sp. nov.
Chk1/2 inhibitor AZD7762 blocks the growth of preantral follicles by inducing apoptosis, suppressing proliferation, and interfering with the cell cycle in granulosa cells
Authors: Liu Xiao-ming , Chen Fang , Zhang Fan , Zhao Jun-Zhao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

Checkpoint kinases 1/2 (Chk1/2) has an important role in somatic cells development and oocyte meiotic maturation. However, the role of Chk1/2 in folliculogenesis has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of Chk1/2 inhibition on ovarian folliculogenesis and granulosa cells development in mice.
Methods

Preantral follicles (100 µm- 120 µm) and granulosa cells from pre-ovulatory follicles (pre-GCs) of mice were isolated and cultured with or without Chk1/2 inhibitor AZD7762. Preantral follicles were cultured for 96 h. Then, follicle morphology and follicular growth were assessed every 48 h. Granulosa cells were cultured for 48 h with or without AZD7762, after which cell apoptosis, cell proliferation, and cell cycle analysis were assessed; meanwhile, the mRNA expression of PCNA and Bax were measured by real-time RT-PCR, and PCNA and Bax protein were measured by Western blot.
Results

Compared with control follicles, AZD7762 inhibited growth of preantral follicles. Furthermore, inhibition of Chk1/2 significantly induced apoptosis and inhibited the proliferation of granulosa cells, arrested cell cycle at S and G2/M phases, and decreased G1 phase fraction. Also, the expression of PCNA mRNA and protein were significantly reduced, while Bax mRNA and protein were significantly increased post AZD7762 treatment in granulosa cells.
Conclusions

This study revealed that Chk1 and Chk2 have a crucial role during preantral follicular development by regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of granulosa cells.
Statistical analysis for water quality index for Shatt-Al-Hilla river in Babel city
Authors: Al-Kareem Shahad Abd , ALKizwini Rasha Salah 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe work aims to investigate the Water Quality Index (WQI) of the Shatt-al-Hilla River, a branch of the Euphrates river in Babel city, Iraq. Twelve important and influential parameters were taken into account to evaluate the WQI, namely the temperature of water (Temp), total hardness (TH), electrical conductivity (EC), acidity (PH), total dissolved solids (TDS), sulfate (So4−2), calcium (Ca+2), magnesium (Mg+2), sodium (Na+1), biological oxygen demand (BOD), potassium (K) and turbidity. Raw and treated water quality was evaluated using two models, Weighted Calculation and Canadian Cabinet for the Environmental Water Quality Index (CCME WQI). The study area included three water treatment plants, namely New Hilla (NH), Al-Hussein (HE), and Al- Hashimyah (HA), which discharge their treated water into the Shatt-al-Hilla river. Raw and treated water samples were collected and tested regularly for nine months, from October 2020 to June 2021. The results showed all chemical and physical parameters (for both raw and treated water) met the Iraqi standards except Ca+2, turbidity and EC for raw water and temperature for treated water.