bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Mediating Role of Illness Cognitions in the Relationship Between Caregiving Demands and Caregivers’ Psychological Adjustment
Authors: Akbari Fatemeh , Mohammadi Somayyeh , Dehghani Mohsen , Sanderman Robbert , Hagedoorn Mariёt 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
The present study investigated whether illness cognitions mediated the relationship between caregiving demands and positive and negative indicators of adjustment in partners of patients with chronic pain.

Methods:
The sample of this cross-sectional study consisted of 151 partners (mean age=61.4 y, SD=13.6 y, 57% male) of patients with chronic pain (eg, back pain). The study was conducted in the Pain Centre of the University Medical Centre Groningen, The Netherlands, during November 2014 to June 2015. Participants completed questionnaires that assessed caregiving demands, illness cognitions, perceived burden, distress, positive affect, and life satisfaction.

Results:
The results showed that among illness cognitions, acceptance of the illness mediated the association between caregiving demands and burden (b=0.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.05-0.28) and positive affect (b=−0.21, CI: −0.41 to −0.06). Helplessness mediated the association between caregiving demands and burden (b=0.46, CI: 0.26-0.69) and distress (b=0.35, CI: 0.19-0.53). Perceived benefits did not mediate any of these associations. The findings indicate that partners who experience more demands tend to appraise the consequences of the patients’ pain condition more negatively, which in turn is associated with their emotional adjustment.

Discussion:
The results suggest that illness cognitions play an important role in the psychological adjustment of partners. Enhancing acceptance of the illness and reducing feelings of helplessness could form the basis of interventions aiming at promoting psychological adjustment in partners, especially when it is difficult to reduce the demands.
Trends and Contributing Factors in Medicolegal Cases Involving Spine Surgery
Authors: Calder Lisa A. , Whyte Eileen M. , Neilson Heather K. , Zhang Cathy , Barry Tricia K. , Barry Sean P. 
Published: February 2022

Study Design.
Retrospective descriptive study.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to describe closed medicolegal cases involving physicians and spine surgery in Canada from a trend and patient safety perspective.

Summary of Background Data.
Spine surgery is a source of medicolegal complaints against surgeons partly owing to the potential severity of associated complications. In previous medicolegal studies, researchers applied a medicolegal lens to their analyses without applying a quality improvement or patient safety lens.

Methods.
The study comprised a 15-year medicolegal trend analysis and a 5-year contributing factors analysis of cases (civil legal and regulatory authority matters) from the Canadian Medical Protective Association (CMPA), representing an estimated 95% of physicians in Canada. Included cases were closed by the CMPA between 2004 and 2018 (trends) or 2014 and 2018 (contributing factors). We fit a linear trend line to the annual rates of spine surgery cases per 1000 physician-years of CMPA membership for physicians in a neurosurgery or orthopedic surgery specialty. We then applied an ANOVA type III sum of squares test to determine the statistical significance of the annualized change rate over time. For the contributing factors analysis, we reported descriptive statistics for patient and physician characteristics, patient harm, and peer expert criticisms in each case.

Results.
Our trend analysis included 340 cases. Case rates decreased significantly at an annualized change rate of −4.7% (P
= 0.0017). Our contributing factors analysis included 81 civil legal and 19 regulatory authority cases. Most patients experienced health care-related harm (89/100, 89.0%). Peer experts identified intraoperative injuries (29/89, 32.6%), diagnostic errors (14/89, 15.7%), and wrong site surgeries (16/89, 18.0%) as the top patient safety indicators. The top factor contributing to medicolegal risk was physician clinical decision-making.

Conclusion and Relevance.
Although case rates decreased, patient harm was attributable to health care in the majority of recently closed cases. Therefore, crucial opportunities remain to enhance patient safety in spine surgery.

Level of Evidence: 4
From surviving to thriving: the current status of the behavioral, social, and psychological issues of aging with HIV
Authors: Ruiz Erik L. , Greene Karah Y. , Galea Jerome T. , Brown Brandon 
Published: February 2022

Purpose of review
Despite significant advances in knowledge regarding the biological and clinical issues related to aging with HIV, significantly less research has centered on related psychological, behavioral, and social issues, which are increasingly recognized as important for successfully aging with HIV.

Recent findings
Barriers to successful aging include physical challenges from a sociobehavioral perspective, psychosocial challenges, and system-level challenges. In contrast, several resiliencies and interventions that help facilitate healthy aging with HIV are also emerging. Comprehensive interventions to address the physical, mental, and psychosocial needs of older people living with HIV (OPLWH) are necessary.

Conclusion
To promote healthy aging with HIV, we must utilize both clinical and biopsychosocial interventions. The lack of data on the needs of OPLWH is an important barrier to healthy aging in this population.
Detection rates of urogenital cancers and benign pathology in men presenting with hematospermia
Authors: Satchi Maria , Katelaris Athos , Smekal Martina , Alnajjar Hussain M. , Muneer Asif 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background:
Hematospermia, although often found to be a benign condition, can be an alarming sign. Consequently, patients can undergo multiple investigations with no current standardized pathway based on data from large series. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of an underlying pathology and the value of diagnostic investigations performed in patients presenting with hematospermia.

Materials and methods:
A retrospective review of 393 consecutive men who underwent investigations for hematospermia was performed in a single tertiary center. Patient demographics, radiological and microbiological results were recorded together with symptoms of concomitant hematuria and clinical outcomes.

Results:
In this cohort, the overall prostate cancer detection rate was 5.3% and 7.2% in the ≥40 years group. One patient was diagnosed with testicular seminoma detected on scrotal ultrasound scan and one with G1pTa urothelial carcinoma of the bladder detected on flexible cystoscopy. In addition, 5.6% of patients were found to have a significant benign pathology for which intervention was proposed. A total of 288 patients underwent a transrectal ultrasound scan and 58.7% (n = 169) of these patients were found to have a positive finding. One hundred ten patients underwent a multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and 73.6% (n = 81) had a positive finding.

Conclusions:
Apart from transrectal ultrasound and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, the remaining investigations have a low diagnostic yield. Prostate cancer detection was 5.3%; 7.2% in the ≥40 years group, and two further patients were diagnosed with testicular and bladder malignancy. Based on our results, we propose an algorithm for the management of hematospermia to limit unnecessary investigations with the majority requiring reassurance.
Treatment of Horizontal Wrinkles of the Neck Using a Hyaluronic Acid Filler: Results From a Prospective Study
Authors: Renga Monica , Ryder Timothy J. 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND
VYC-12 is a hyaluronic acid filler with low cohesivity.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of VYC-12 for aesthetic improvement of horizontal neck lines.

METHODS
This was a prospective study of consecutive women undergoing neck treatment using VYC-12. All had a baseline score of 1 to 4 on the Allergan Transverse Neck Lines Scale (ATNLS). Individuals with an ATNLS score of 1 to 3 were treated with VYC-12 alone; those with a score of 4 received filler combined with high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). Total VYC-12 volumes were ∼1 mL per patient. Follow-up lasted ≤30 months.

RESULTS
Fifty women were enrolled (mean age: 55.0 ± 5.7 years; n = 42 VYC-12 alone, n = 8 VYC-12 + HIFU). Forty-six patients (92%) achieved a ≥ 1-grade improvement on ATNLS 1 month post-treatment; the mean ATNLS score decreased from 2.64 ± 0.83 to 1.44 ± 0.81 (p < .0001). Rasch-transformed scores on the FACE-Q “Appraisal of the Neck” questionnaire improved from 31.0 ± 14.2 at baseline to 49.7 ± 14.4 at 1 month (p < .0001). Repeat injections at 9- to 12-month intervals led to progressive improvements. There were no treatment-related adverse events.

CONCLUSION
Treatment of the neck using VYC-12 was safe and effective in reducing the appearance of horizontal lines.
Hyaluronic Acid Filler Incidentally Found During Mohs Micrographic Surgery: Observations in 36 Patients Regarding Skin Depth, Degradation Size, and Estimated Persistence Time
Authors: Chow Kingsley V. , Urman Danielle S. , Cabral Erik S. , Shim Elisabeth K. , Bennett Richard G. 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND
Although its clinical effect is reported to last up to 2 years, how long hyaluronic acid filler (HAF) histologically persists in the skin is unknown.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the approximate persistence time of HAF in the skin and to correlate persistence time with HAF histological appearance, size, depth, and location.

METHODS
Retrospective review of patient data and available frozen sections from 2003 to 2021 in which HAF was identified in 36 Mohs micrographic surgery patients.

RESULTS
Incidental HAF histologically persisted in the skin for as long as 10.75 years in 1 patient and 3 years or more in 36.8% (7/19) of the patients who remembered the time of implantation. HAF is more apparent in frozen sections stained with toluidine blue than those stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Although HAF volume tended to be less with time, fragmentation was present both early at 3 months and at 3 years or more. There was no correlation of persistence time with anatomic location or depth. In 90.3% of the cases (28/31), HAF was located in the subcutaneous fat. There was no granulomatous or giant cell response at any time period.

CONCLUSION
Hyaluronic acid filler may be seen histopathologically in the skin, usually in the subcutaneous fat, up to 10.75 years after implantation.
Clinical Implication of the Regional Thickness of the Lower Facial Skin, Superficial Fat, and Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System on High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Treatment
Authors: Kwon Soon-Hyo , Ahn Gun Young , Lew Bark-Lynn , Shin Jung-Won , Na Jung-Im , Huh Chang-Hun 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND
Knowledge of the topographic thickness of the skin and soft tissues is necessary when performing a high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) procedure. Thermal tissue injury to the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) or deeper can injure the facial nerve and its branches.

OBJECTIVE
To demonstrate the topographic thickness of the lower facial skin, superficial fat, and SMAS.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The ultrasound data of 200 healthy patients who underwent lower facial rejuvenation were retrospectively reviewed.

RESULTS
The mean age was 41.1 ± 13.7 years (range, 19–76 years). The jowl had thinner skin, thicker superficial fat, and deeper superficial and deep margins of the SMAS than the preauricle or lower cheek. The thickness of the superficial fat decreased with age, especially on the preauricle, lower cheek, and jowl. Women had thicker superficial fat than men on the preauricle and lower cheek. The superficial and deep margins of the SMAS were located more superficially in old and male patients with a slim facial figure than in young and female patients with a chubby facial figure.

CONCLUSION
The present findings provide anatomical information regarding the superficial fat and SMAS, which is useful in determining the focal penetration depth of HIFU treatment for lower face rejuvenation.
Computerized Analysis of Antepartum Cardiotocography: A Review
Authors: Jones Gabriel Davis , Cooke William R. , Vatish Manu , Redman Christopher W.G. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Cardiotocography measures the human fetal heart rate and uterine activity using ultrasound. While it has been a mainstay in antepartum care since the 1960s, cardiotocograms consist of complex signals that have proven difficult for clinicians to interpret accurately and as such clinical inference is often difficult and unreliable. Previous attempts at codifying approaches to analyzing the features within these signals have failed to demonstrate reliability or gain sufficient traction. Since the early 1990s, the Dawes-Redman system of automated computer analysis of cardiotocography signals has enabled robust analysis of cardiotocographic signal features, employing empirically-derived criteria for assessing fetal wellbeing in the antepartum. Over the past 30 years, the Dawes-Redman system has been iteratively updated, now incorporating analyses from over 100,000 pregnancies. In this review, we examine the history of cardiotocography, signal processing methodologies and feature identification, the development of the Dawes-Redman system, and its clinical applications.
Everolimus Concentration in Saliva to Predict Stomatitis: A Feasibility Study in Patients with Cancer
Authors: Molenaar-Kuijsten Laura , Verheijen Remy B. , Jacobs Bart A. W. , Thijssen Bas , Rosing Hilde , Dorlo Thomas P. C. , Beijnen Jos H. , Steeghs Neeltje , Huitema Alwin D. R. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Most patients with cancer treated with everolimus experience stomatitis, which seriously affects the quality of life. The salivary concentrations of everolimus may predict the incidence and severity of stomatitis. The authors aimed to examine whether it was feasible to quantify the everolimus concentration in saliva and subsequently use it to predict stomatitis.

Methods:
Saliva and whole blood samples were taken from patients with cancer, who were treated with everolimus in the dosage of either 10 mg once a day or 5 mg twice a day. Everolimus concentrations in saliva samples were measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. A published population pharmacokinetic model was extended with the everolimus concentration in saliva to assess any association between everolimus in the blood and saliva. Subsequently, the association between the occurrence of stomatitis and the everolimus concentration in saliva was studied.

Results:
Eleven patients were included in this study; saliva samples were available from 10 patients, including 3 patients with low-grade stomatitis. Everolimus concentrations were more than 100-fold lower in saliva than in whole blood (accumulation ratio 0.00801 and relative standard error 32.5%). Interindividual variability (67.7%) and residual unexplained variability (84.0%) were high. The salivary concentration of everolimus tended to be higher in patients with stomatitis, 1 hour postdose (P = 0.14).

Conclusions:
Quantification of the everolimus concentration in saliva was feasible and revealed a nonsignificant correlation between everolimus concentration in the saliva and the occurrence of stomatitis. If future research proves this relationship to be significant, the everolimus concentration in the saliva may be used as an early predictor of stomatitis without invasive sampling. Thereby, in patients with high salivary everolimus concentrations, precautions can be taken to decrease the incidence and severity of stomatitis.
Development and Validation of a Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) Assay for the Determination of Total and Unbound Ciprofloxacin Concentrations in Human Plasma
Authors: de Vroom Suzanne L. , Pistorius Marcel C. M. , Bijleveld Yuma A. , Geerlings Suzanne E. , Mathôt Ron A. A. , van Hest Reinier M. , Jager Nynke G. L. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Although unbound ciprofloxacin is responsible for antibacterial effects, assays measuring the unbound drug plasma concentrations are scarce. This study aimed to develop and validate a rapid, reproducible, and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry assay for the determination of total and unbound ciprofloxacin plasma concentrations.

Methods:
The determination of total ciprofloxacin concentrations required a 10 μL sample, while for unbound ciprofloxacin concentrations, it was 100 μL. Unbound ciprofloxacin was separated from protein-bound ciprofloxacin through ultrafiltration. A deuterated internal standard was used, and the sample preparation involved protein precipitation. The method was fully validated over a concentration range of 0.02–5.0 mg/L, according to the US Food and Drug Administration guidelines. In addition, its clinical application was demonstrated.

Results:
The total run time was 1.5 minutes. For total ciprofloxacin plasma concentrations, the mean accuracy ranged from 94.5% to 105.0% across the validated range, the intraday imprecision was ≤7.6%, and the interday imprecision was ≤9.8%. For unbound ciprofloxacin plasma concentrations, the mean accuracy ranged from 92.8% to 102.1% across the validated range, the intraday imprecision was ≤7.0%, and the interday imprecision was ≤9.6%. Ciprofloxacin in plasma and ultrafiltrate remained stable for at least 96 hours at room temperature, at least 4 years at −80°C, and at least 3 freeze/thaw cycles (−80°C), with a minimum interval of 24 hours.

Conclusions:
The presented method is precise and accurate. It has been implemented in clinical care and research projects at a university hospital, permitting rapid determination of total and unbound ciprofloxacin.
The Dorsal Scapular Artery Perforator Flap: A Complete Muscle-sparing Technique
Authors: Marr Kirsten L. , Varga Aaron , Dumestre Danielle O. 
Published: February 2022

Summary:
Cervical and thoracic spine reconstruction can be a difficult area to provide stable soft tissue coverage. Historically, trapezius myocutaneous flaps and trapezius muscle turnover flaps have proven to be reliable and versatile methods for the reconstruction of these areas. However, sequelae such as restriction of shoulder movement have been reported, as well as unsightly “humpback” contour deformities from turnover flap bulk. The use of the trapezius muscle for coverage has evolved to include descriptions of a trapezius perforator flap to address some of the issues of donor site morbidity, as it is described as a muscle-sparing technique. Although described as “muscle-sparing,” these approaches nonetheless involve sacrifice of trapezius muscle overlying the pedicle as that musculature is “deroofed” and divided off the pedicle during dissection. In this article, we present a detailed technical description of our novel technique to the trapezius perforator flap using a dorsal scapular artery flap for spinal reconstruction that is truly, completely muscle-sparing. This technique may prove useful for those patients in which even minimal disruption of trapezius muscle fibers is undesirable.
Public Awareness of Breast Implant-associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mrad Mohamed Amir , Alharthi Sawsan A. , Alyousef Loujain A. , Kattan Abdullah E. , Shah Mardan Qutaiba N.M. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) was first reported in 1997. Since then, the number of reported cases has been increasing, and patients’ knowledge and perceptions about this condition are unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the public knowledge and perceptions toward BIA-ALCL and its association with cosmetic/reconstructive breast implants in Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional, online survey–based study, women aged 18–60 years in Saudi Arabia were the target population on social media platforms. Questions included data on demographics, experience of implants, and knowledge and concerns regarding BIA-ALCL.

Results:
A total of 543 women participated in this study, with a mean age of 34 years. Only 1.9% had breast implants due to cosmetic or reconstructive reasons, whereas 9.8% expressed their desire of having implants in the future. More than half (57.3%) of the respondents had never heard of BIA-ALCL in comparison with 21.7% who had an established background. After reading the highlights on BIA-ALCL, 60% of the women with breast implants still wanted to keep their implants and 42.5% of the ones who desired breast implants would still aim to have them. Almost all the sample stated that BIA-ALCL should be included in the written consent.

Conclusions:
Nearly half of Saudi women have not heard of BIA-ALCL, and report that it is an important part of the surgical consultation and informed consent. Our role as plastic surgeons is to raise the awareness of BIA-ALCL through social media and health care settings to maximize the safety of women with breast implants.
Performance of Targeted Congenital Cytomegalovirus Screening in Newborns Failing Universal Hearing Screening: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Fourgeaud Jacques , Boithias Claire , Walter-Nicolet Elisabeth , Kermorvant Elsa , Couderc Sophie , Parat Sophie , Pol Christine , Mousset Carole , Bussières Laurence , Guilleminot Tiffany , Ville Yves , Nkam Lionelle , Grimaldi Lamiae , Parodi Marine , Leruez-Ville Marianne 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most frequent cause of congenital infection and ≈20% of all infected neonates present or will develop sensorineural hearing loss. Targeted congenital CMV (cCMV) screening in newborns who failed universal newborn hearing screening has been proposed as a strategy to identify neonates with both hearing loss and cCMV infection who could benefit from antiviral treatment implemented within the first month of life.

Objectives:
To evaluate the feasibility and performance of cCMV targeted screening in a French setting.

Methods:
Neonates were recruited in 5 maternity centers in greater Paris. A saliva sample for CMV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing was collected in neonates who failed newborn hearing screening. Outcomes including CMV PCR result and confirmation of hearing loss by an otorhinolaryngologist specialist were documented.

Results:
Two-hundred thirty-six newborns were included and a saliva sample was collected in 98% (231/236) of them. The result of CMV PCR was available at a median of 9 days (7–10 days) of life and in 96% of cases within the first month of life. Two neonates were infected with CMV. The result of the otorhinolaryngologist assessment was available in 75% (178/236) of cases at a median of 16 days (9–26 days). Hearing loss was confirmed in 2.8% (5/178). The 2 infected neonates had hearing loss confirmed at 5 and 8 days of life and were treated with valganciclovir at days 9 and 16, respectively.

Conclusions:
The result of this study confirms that targeted cCMV screening is feasible in these French settings.