bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐linear time‐series analysis of the interaction between the citrus whitefly and the whitefly‐specialist ladybird
Authors: Noriyuki Suzuki , Kawatsu Kazutaka , Kaneko Shuji 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA comprehensive understanding of the top‐down effects of natural enemies on agricultural pests is essential for achieving effective biological control in integrated pest management. However, it is typically difficult to identify causal effects between the interacting species from time‐series data, which have often been monitored for pest forecasting purposes in agricultural ecosystems, as it is likely to involve non‐linear (state‐dependent) population dynamics. In this study, we applied a recently developed framework of non‐linear time‐series analysis (empirical dynamic modelling) to determine top‐down and bottom‐up effects between the citrus whitefly Dialeurodes citri and the whitefly‐specialist ladybird Serangium japonicum. We used weekly monitoring data for the two species collected over 4 years in pesticide‐free citrus groves located in Shizuoka Prefecture, central Japan. Although we were able to identify time‐delayed positive effects of D. citri abundance on S. japonicum abundance, we failed to detect any significant causal effects of S. japonicum abundance on D. citri abundance. Moreover, weather variables (temperature and rainfall) were found to have only a negligible effect on the population dynamics of the two species. Our findings indicate that bottom‐up rather than top‐down effects predominate in the weekly dynamics of this predator–prey system. On the basis of these observations, we discuss whether S. japonicum would be an effective agent for the biological control of D. citri in open‐field systems.
Copper ore material footprints and transfers embodied in domestic and international trade of provinces in China
Authors: Liu Lin , Schandl Heinz , West James , Jiang Meng , Ren Zijian , Chen Dingjiang , Zhu Bing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCopper is a critical material for development and plays a profound role in transitioning to a low‐carbon future. China is the main copper consumer in recent decades that has a fast‐growing domestic market accompanied by active international trade. Given the large regional differences within China, it is relevant to understand the domestic driving forces of copper demands and the cascading effects on international regions. Here we combine the newly developed copper ore extraction datasets and the Chinese interprovincial nested global multi‐regional input–output models to explore the copper ore material footprints (CuMF), the interprovincial CuMF transfers, and the international CuMF transfers of provinces. Results show that at the initial stage of clean energy development (2007–2012), most provinces in China are, to a great degree (∼50%), relatively reliant on international copper inputs. The manufacturing sector is the main driving force of international CuMF transfers while the construction sector drives most interprovincial CuMF transfers, with the total volume of international CuMF transfers recently tripling. The central provinces in the industrial transition period and the northwestern provinces in the initial development stage saw the fastest growth in international and interprovincial CuMF transfers, respectively. The economic growth and low‐carbon transition will further advance copper‐related manufacturing and construction activities while other evidences indicate that the degree of foreign inputs to meet copper demand may peak and the interprovincial supply may rise continuously. Targeted governance of these sectors may effectively reduce high dependence on the international copper supply and ensure an efficient interprovincial CuMF transfer pattern.
Developmental, neurochemical, and behavioral analyses of ErbB4 Cyt‐1 knockout mice
Authors: Erben Larissa , Welday Jacqueline P. , Cronin Marie E. , Murphy Ricardo , Skirzewski Miguel , Vullhorst Detlef , Carroll Steven L. , Buonanno Andres 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNeuregulins (NRGs) and their cognate neuronal receptor ERBB4, which is expressed in GABAergic and dopaminergic neurons, regulate numerous behaviors in rodents and have been identified as schizophrenia at‐risk genes. ErbB4 transcripts are alternatively spliced to generate isoforms that either include (Cyt‐1) or exclude (Cyt‐2) exon 26, which encodes a cytoplasmic domain that imparts ErbB4 receptors the ability to signal via the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. Although ErbB4 Cyt‐1/2 isoforms have been studied in transfected cultured cells, their functions in vivo remain unknown. Here, we generated ErbB4‐floxed (ErbB4‐Cyt1fl/fl) mice to investigate the effects of germline (constitutive) and conditional (acute) deletions of the Cyt‐1 exon. Overall receptor mRNA levels remain unchanged in germline ErbB4 Cyt‐1 knockouts (Cyt‐1 KOs), with all transcripts encoding Cyt‐2 variants. In contrast to mice lacking all ErbB4 receptor function, GABAergic interneuron migration and number are unaltered in Cyt‐1 KOs. However, basal extracellular dopamine (DA) levels in the medial prefrontal cortex are increased in Cyt‐1 heterozygotes. Despite these neurochemical changes, Cyt‐1 heterozygous and homozygous mice do not manifest behavioral abnormalities previously reported to be altered in ErbB4 null mice. To address the possibility that Cyt‐2 variants compensate for the lack of Cyt‐1 during development, we microinjected an adeno‐associated virus expressing Cre‐recombinase (AAV‐Cre) into the DA‐rich ventral tegmental area of adult ErbB4‐Cyt1fl/fl mice to acutely target exon 26. These conditional Cyt‐1 KOs were found to exhibit behavioral abnormalities in the elevated plus maze and startle response, consistent with the idea that late exon 26 ablations may circumvent compensation by Cyt‐2 variants. Taken together, our observations indicate that ErbB4 Cyt‐1 function in vivo is important for DA balance and behaviors in adults.

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Efficacy of autologous platelet‐rich plasma in the treatment of vitiligo: A 10‐patient prospective study
Authors: Rekik Mariem , Mseddi Madiha , Kammoun Nadine , Sellami Khadija , Turki Hamida 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionVitiligo is an autoimmune disorder characterized by loss of epidermal melanocytes. It has cosmetic and psychosocial impact. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the interest of platelet‐rich‐plasma in the treatment of vitiligo.Material and methodsWe conducted a prospective study between January 2019 and September 2021.ResultsOur descriptive study included 10 patients followed‐up for vitiligo refractory to conventional therapies. The mean age was 36.2 years. Sex ratio was 0.25. Prior to platelet‐rich‐plasma treatment, vitiligo was stable in all cases. The mean number of platelet‐rich‐plasma sessions received by our patients was 2.6 (1–6). A visible improvement of lesions was obtained after a mean of 1.5 sessions. 40% of patients had obtained repigmentation of more than 50% for at least one lesion. An improvement of more than 75% (grade 4) was noted in 2 cases after a mean duration of 5.5 sessions. 40% of patients had obtained repigmentation of more than 50% for at least one lesion. A percentage of improvement between 50 and 74% (grade 3) was obtained for 2 patients. Four patients had an improvement of less than 25% (grade 1) after a mean of 1.75 sessions. There was no recurrence of depigmentation after a mean follow‐up of 6 months (1 to 24 months).ConclusionOur series proves the benefit of platelet‐rich‐plasma in the treatment of vitiligo. It is a safe and promising option for stable lesions in different body sites with few side effects.
Calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) is a key molecule released in acute migraine attacks—Successful translation of basic science to clinical practice
Authors: Edvinsson Lars 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMigraine is a highly prevalent neurovascular disorder afflicting more than 15% of the global population. Nearly three times more females are afflicted by migraine in the 18–50 years age group, compared to males. Migraine attacks are most often sporadic, but a subgroup of individuals experience a gradual increase in frequency over time; among these, up to 1%–2% of the global population develop chronic migraine. Although migraine symptoms have been known for centuries, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Two theories have dominated the current thinking—a neurovascular theory and a central neuronal theory with the origin of the attacks in the hypothalamus. During the last decades, the understanding of migraine has markedly advanced. This is supported by the early seminal demonstration of the trigeminovascular reflex 35 years ago and the insight that calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) is a key molecule released in acute migraine attacks. The more recent findings that gepants, small molecule CGRP receptor blockers, and monoclonal antibodies generated against CGRP, or its canonical receptor are useful for the treatment of migraine, are other important issues. CGRP has been established as a key molecule in the neurobiology of migraine. Moreover, monoclonal antibodies to CGRP or the CGRP receptor represent a breakthrough in the understanding of migraine pathophysiology and have emerged as an efficacious prophylactic treatment for patients with severe migraine with excellent tolerability. This review describes the progression of research to reach the clinical usefulness of a large group of molecules that have in common the interaction with CGRP mechanisms in the trigeminal system to alleviate the burden for individuals afflicted by migraine.
Structural racism, family structure, and Black–White inequality: The differential impact of the legacy of slavery on poverty among single mother and married parent households
Authors: Baker Regina S. , O'Connell Heather A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether an indicator of structural racism—the legacy of slavery—impacts racial inequality in poverty among individuals within the same family structure.BackgroundFamily structure is a dominant explanation for racial inequality in poverty. This overemphasis on an “individual‐level” variable results in relatively less attention to the role of structural factors. Yet, structural factors, like the legacy of slavery, may be key to understanding how race and family structure intersect in the context of poverty.MethodThe authors use data from the Luxembourg Income Study, the American Community Survey, and the Historical 1860 Census. Multilevel models link individual‐ and state‐level data and separate models focus on counties. The authors assess whether a proxy of the legacy of slavery (i.e., the historical concentration of enslaved people in 1860) relates to Black–White inequality in poverty among single mother households and among married with children households in the US South.ResultsThere is an impact of the legacy of slavery on Black–White inequality in poverty even within‐family type, but the legacy of slavery appears to be more consequential for married with children households than single mother households. Among married parent households, the racial gap in poverty is more pronounced where the legacy of slavery is stronger.ConclusionResults suggest the link between family structure and racial inequality in poverty is overstated and more indirect, operating—at least partially—through structural racism.ImplicationsThis study challenges the perception of marriage as an anti‐poverty mechanism. It also underscores the limitations of viewing family structure from an individual‐level perspective when explaining racial inequality. Local manifestations of structural racism are part of how family structure matters for inequality in poverty.
Nonresident social fathering in African American single‐mother families
Authors: Cross Christina J. , Zhang Xing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the prevalence of nonresident social fathering among African American youth from single‐mother families and their reports of subjective closeness, frequency of contact, and financial support from social fathers during young adulthood.BackgroundResearch on African American families has overwhelmingly focused on single motherhood and the mother–child dyad. The perceived deficits of single‐mother families are emphasized, while their assets frequently go unnoticed. One potential resource available to offspring in these families are nonresident social fathers (men who act as fathers to children).MethodUsing Add Health (n = 728), we document the share of youth who had a nonresident social father serve as their main father figure and examine key indicators of their long‐term relationships with these men: closeness, contact, and receipt of financial support during young adulthood. We also consider whether relationships with social fathers differ by type (stepfather versus male relative) and from those with biological fathers.ResultsTwenty‐five percent of respondents identified a nonresident social father as their main father figure; 44% indicated a nonresident biological father. Nearly 70% of participants reported strong feelings of closeness and regular contact with social fathers. Over 40% received financial assistance. Respondents were more likely to report feeling closer to a social than a biological father; there were no other differences by father figure type.ConclusionMost African American young adults from single‐mother families have close and consistent ties with a nonresident father figure. While underexplored, their sustained engagement with these men may have positive implications for their downstream outcomes.
Child support debt and the well‐being of disadvantaged fathers of color
Authors: Robbins Nathan L. , Waller Maureen R. , Nepomnyaschy Lenna , Miller Daniel P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveUsing a survey sample comprised of predominantly low‐income fathers of color, we examine whether child support debt (arrears) is associated with fathers' poor physical health, depression, and material hardship 9 years after their child's birth.BackgroundAbout 70% of the $113.5 billion in outstanding arrears is held by men earning $10,000 or less, and an emerging body of research suggests arrears can negatively impact economically disadvantaged fathers of color and their families.MethodDrawing on fathers' data from the first five waves of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS; N = 1614), we use multivariate regressions to assess the relationship between child support arrears and fathers' physical health, depression, and material hardship. We examine three different measures of arrears and assess the robustness of our results to model specifications that account for selection into arrears.ResultsFathers with arrears and with higher arrears are more likely to experience poor physical health, depression, and material hardship, and these associations are more pronounced for fathers with high arrears burdens relative to their incomes. Results are robust to different measurements of arrears, who reports them (father or mother), and across model specifications (lagged dependent variables and inverse probability weighted analyses).ConclusionDisadvantaged fathers with arrears fare far worse physically, psychologically, and economically than those with no arrears. Findings from our study add to growing research documenting harmful consequences of child support debt and point to an important avenue through which ostensibly race neutral family policies may disadvantage low‐income men of color.
Digital vs Conventional Full‐Arch Implant Impressions: A Retrospective Analysis of 36 Edentulous Jaws
Authors: Papaspyridakos Panos , De Souza Andre , Finkelman Matthew , Sicilia Elena , Gotsis Sotirios , Chen Yo‐wei , Vazouras Konstantinos , Chochlidakis Konstantinos 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeThere is a paucity of comparative clinical studies assessing the accuracy of full‐arch digital scans versus conventional implant impressions. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the three‐dimensional (3D) deviations between full‐arch digital scans and conventional implant impressions for edentulous maxillae and mandibles.Materials and methodsTwenty‐seven patients (36 edentulous jaws) were treated with one‐piece, screw‐retained implant‐supported fixed complete dental prostheses (IFCDPs). Twenty‐one jaws were maxillary, and 15 were mandibular. Full‐arch conventional impressions and intraoral digital scans with scan bodies and an intraoral scanner had been taken during the impression phase. Following verification of the conventional stone casts, the casts were digitized. The generated standard tessellation language (STL) files from both impression techniques were merged and analyzed with reverse engineering software. The primary aim was to evaluate the accuracy between conventional and digital full‐arch scans, while the effect of the edentulous jaw in 3D accuracy was the secondary aim.ResultsThe cumulative 3D (mean ± SD) deviations between virtual casts from intraoral full‐arch digital scans and digitized stone casts generated from conventional implant impressions were found to be 88 ±24 μm. In the maxillary group, the mean ± SD 3D deviation was 85 ±25 μm, compared to 92 ±23 μm for the mandibular group (p = 0.444).ConclusionThe 3D implant deviations found between the full‐arch digital and conventional impressions lie within the clinically acceptable threshold. No statistically significant difference was identified between maxillary and mandibular jaws in terms of 3D deviations.
Comparison of Dimensional Changes Between CAD‐CAM Milled Complete Denture Bases and 3D Printed Complete Denture Bases: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Helal Mohamed Ahmed , Abdelrahim Ramy Abdallah , Zeidan Ahmed Abd El‐latif 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeThis study compared the dimensional changes between computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD‐CAM) milled complete denture bases (CDBs) and three‐dimensional (3D) printed CDBs.Materials and methodsOne maxillary completely edentulous stone model was fabricated with three reference points at the incisive papilla, right molar, and left molar areas marked as X, Y, and Z, respectively. It was scanned to produce a standard tessellation language (STL) file, which was imported to a metal milling machine software to produce the metal model. This metal model was used to fabricate 30 CDBs for analysis. The CDBs were divided into three groups (n = 10 each) according to the fabrication method used as follows: Group 1, CAD‐CAM milled CDBs; Group 2, 3D printed CDBs; and Group 3, conventional compression molded CDBs. The CDBs of all groups were scanned after fabrication, and the dimensional changes in each were evaluated by two methods. The first was the two‐dimensional evaluation method that involved linear measurement of the distances between the reference points (X‐Y, X‐Z, and Y‐Z) of the scanned reference cast and dentures. The second method was the 3D evaluation method that involved the superimposition of the STL files of the dentures on the STL file of the reference cast. Data were calculated and were statistically analyzed using one‐way analysis of variance and Tukey's pairwise post hoc tests.ResultsThere was a significant difference in the dimensional accuracy between the CAD‐CAM milled, 3D printed, and conventional compression molded CDBs (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe dimensional accuracy of the CAD‐CAM milling system in complete denture fabrication is superior to that of the compression molding and 3D printing systems.
Evaluation of adverse events in small‐breed dogs treated with maropitant and a single dose of doxorubicin
Authors: Matsuyama Fukiko , Harada Kei , Fukazawa Eri , Ichimata Masanao , Nakano Yuko , Kobayashi Tetsuya 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe recommended doxorubicin (DOX) dose for small dogs is 1 mg/kg. Recent data suggest that DOX‐induced gastrointestinal (GI) toxicosis can be reduced with maropitant treatment.ObjectivesTo investigate the incidence of adverse events (AEs) in small‐breed dogs administered a single 25 mg/m2DOX followed by administration of maropitant (DOX25). The primary aim was to assess myelo‐ and GI toxicoses for 2 weeks after DOX administration. The secondary aim was to compare the incidence and grades of AEs found in the DOX25 group with a historical control group (DOX 1 mg/kg without administration of antiemetic or antidiarrheal medications).AnimalsNineteen small‐breed tumor‐bearing dogs.MethodsA prospective, observational study of tumor‐bearing dogs, weighing 5 to 10 kg, administered a single 25 mg/m2dose of DOX IV, followed by administration of maropitant for the next 5 days.ResultsInappetence, vomiting, and diarrhea were found in 7/19, 2/19, and 6/19 of the DOX25 dogs, respectively. Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia was 12/19 and 3/19, respectively. Most AEs were grades 1 and 2, except for grades 3 and 4 inappetence and neutropenia in 3 and 4 dogs, respectively. Furthermore, febrile neutropenia occurred in 3/19 dogs in the DOX25 group. All AEs between the DOX25 and historical control groups were not significantly different.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceVomiting and diarrhea were deemed acceptable with 25 mg/m2DOX followed by maropitant treatment in 5 to 10 kg dogs; however, additional supportive care might be needed for dogs with inappetence and neutropenia.
Online radicalization: Profile and risk analysis of individuals convicted of extremist offences
Authors: Kenyon Jonathan , Binder Jens F. , Baker‐Beall Christopher 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeThis study explores socio‐demographic profiles and offence histories of 235 individuals convicted of extremist offences in England and Wales who have shown different levels of Internet engagement in their pathway towards radicalization.MethodsA comprehensive database of those convicted of extremist offences was developed by reviewing and coding content of specialist Structured Risk Guidance (SRG) and Extremism Risk Guidance (ERG22+) assessment reports, authored by professionals with access to a range of restricted information sources and direct contact with the individual concerned. This enabled a comparison of socio‐demographic profiles and offence histories for those who radicalized online, those who radicalized offline and those exposed to both online and offline influences. The analyses further integrated formal risk assessments contained in the reports.ResultsFindings show a comparatively small prevalence of exclusive online radicalization, but some online influence for the majority of all cases. Pronounced variations in the socio‐demographic profiles and offence histories for members of each radicalization pathway group were found. In addition, convicted extremists who radicalized online are assessed as having the lowest overall level of engagement with an extremist group or cause, along with the lowest levels of intent and capability to commit violent extremist acts.ConclusionsGaining a better understanding of the prevalence of online radicalization, and the profiles associated with it, informs the debate on whether extremist content and activities online influence violent extremist behaviour offline and helps to guide counter‐terrorism approaches and future policy in this area.