bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delayed Hemorrhage Followed by Vertebral Artery Injury during Cervical Anterior Controllable Antedisplacement and Fusion Surgery: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Yongjun Tong , Yaming Xie , Biao Chen , Yonghong Yang , Xinhua Zhao 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundVertebral artery injury (VAI) during cervical spine surgery is rare. Anterior controllable ante‐displacement and fusion (ACAF) surgery is a novel technique for treating degenerative cervical spine disorders, especially ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. To date, there have been no reports of VAI during cervical ACAF surgery. Here, we report a rare case of perioperative complication of VAI during ACAF surgery. The available English literature that provides treatment instructions were reviewed.Case PresentationA patient diagnosed with mixed ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) underwent ACAF surgery from C2–C6. Two level transverse foramina were ruptured, and severe bleeding was encountered during ACAF osteotomy. Hemostatic tamponade was performed using bone waxes. The patient had delayed hemorrhage on postoperative day 6. Emergence angiography revealed two vertebral artery pseudoaneurysms in the ruptured transverse foramina. A balloon‐expandable covered stent was deployed to treat the pseudoaneurysm. The patient recovered without complications.ConclusionACAF surgery is a good choice for multiple‐level OPLL disease, but special attention should be paid to VAI in the perioperative period. Intraoperative tamponade with bone wax and postoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) are effective in preventing disaster‐related hemorrhage.
Loss of cardiac synchronization due to automatic sense testing
Authors: Römers Hans , Liebregts Max , Koyak Zeliha , Balt Jippe C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the latest generation Biotronik cardiac resynchronization devices, cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) may be inadvertently interrupted due to automatic sense testing. This issue can easily be recognized during device interrogation by the “CRT interrupt warning.”To avoid CRT interruption, both understanding of the algorithm and correct device programming are critical.The automatic sense testing algorithm has no built‐in protection to avoid CRT interrupted pacing. When implanting this generation of devices programming needs to be adequate to avoid the occurrence of this phenomenon.
From Brad to worse: Rule‐consequentialism and undesirable futures
Authors: Mulgan Tim 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper asks how rule‐consequentialism might adapt to very adverse futures, and whether moderate liberal consequentialism can survive into broken futures and/or futures where humanity faces imminent extinction. The paper first recaps the recent history of rule‐consequentialist procreative ethics. It outlines rule‐consequentialism, extends it to cover future people, and applies it to broken futures. The paper then introduces a new thought experiment—the “ending world”—where humanity faces an extinction that is unavoidable and imminent, but not immediate. The paper concludes by explaining why this thought experiment challenges rule‐consequentialism's commitment to procreative liberty, and briefly asking how rule‐consequentialism might respond to that challenge.
Unusual cases of peritonitis: A case series of five patients
Authors: Billah Marzuq , Uribarri Jaime , Charen Elliot , Sharma Shuchita 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroduction: Peritonitis is a complication in patients on peritoneal dialysis that frequently results from touch contamination. Most cases of peritoneal dialysis‐related peritonitis are caused by skin organisms. Herein, we are presenting a series of peritonitis cases with unusual organisms in a single home dialysis center at an academic hospital in New York City. Methods: The records of five patients with an unusual cause of peritonitis were reviewed by a clinician. We have chronologically tabulated the cell count of the dialysate, microbiologic cultures, and antibiotics received by each patient. Additionally, both a table and figure detail the microbiologic organisms that our dialysis unit encountered over the 3‐year period concurrent with the infections reported. Results: The first patient presented with refractory polymicrobial peritonitis due to a liver abscess. Another patient presented with diverticulitis and developed enteric peritonitis with various organisms. The following patient had peritonitis in the setting of bowel pathologies and from Rhizobium after exposure to plants. The next patient developed Pasteurella peritonitis from his cat. The final patient developed multiple episodes of peritonitis from organisms including flora native to soil and water. Conclusion: These uncommon cases of peritonitis with unusual circumstances bring awareness to various elements that can lead to peritonitis.
Digital agriculture killjoy: Happy objects and cruel quests for the good life
Authors: Carolan Michael 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article brings together phenomena not often connected in the rural studies cannon to show an underlying relationality connecting digital agriculture, conceptions of the good life and pursuits of happiness. Drawing from the scholarship of Sara Ahmed and Lauren Berlant, Agriculture 4.0 technologies are described as ‘cruel’ happiness pointers. These platforms are shown to direct actors towards happiness while potentially accelerating the very conditions that produced the problems they are promising to solve. Highlighting conceptions of the good life that are fluid, contested and multiple, which have connections to sayings and doings associated with these platforms, the analysis makes visible norms and values animating the so‐called digital revolution. At the same time, the article interrogates what these changing affective politics means for the future of farming and farm‐based identities, at least in Western countries. The data analysed, from individuals who had adopted smart farming applications in the US, were collected from focus groups and personal interviews, the latter conducted pre (2019) and post coronavirus (COVID‐19) outbreak (2020 and 2021).
Impact of early diagnosis of impaired glucose regulation in tuberculosis: Comparison of clinical outcomes in people with tuberculosis in Tanzania
Authors: Byashalira Kenneth C. , Chamba Nyasatu G. , Alkabab Yosra , Mbelele Peter M. , Mpolya Emmanuel A. , Ntinginya Nyanda E. , Shayo PendoMartha J. , Ramaiya Kaushik L. , Lillebaek Troels , Heysell Scott K. , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Bygbjerg Ib C. , Mpagama Stellah G. , Christensen Dirk L. ,   the ADEPT consortium
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveDiabetes mellitus (DM) has been known to compromise tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes. Association data are limited for early hyperglycaemia detection and TB treatment outcomes. Thus, we assessed treatment outcomes including time to sputum conversion and death in TB participants with or without hyperglycaemia.MethodsA prospective cohort study recruited TB participants receiving anti‐TB treatment at health facilities in Tanzania between October 2019 and September 2020. Hyperglycaemia was defined as having pre‐existing DM or pre‐treatment random blood glucose of ≥7.8 mmol/L, in combination categorised as impaired glucose regulation (IGR). Those with IGR were further screened for hyperglycaemia severity using glycated haemoglobin. In case of unknown status, participants were tested for HIV. Time to death was determined at 6 months of TB treatment.ResultsOf 1344 participants, 187 (13.9%) had IGR, of whom 44 (23.5%) were HIV co‐infected. Overall treatment success was 1206 (89.7%), and was similar among participants with or without IGR (p > 0.05). Time to death for participants with and without IGR was 18 versus 28 days (p = 0.870), respectively. Age ≥ 40 years (p = 0.038), bacteriological positive (p = 0.039), HIV (p = 0.009), or recurrent TB (p = 0.017) predicted death or treatment success during TB treatment in adjusted multivariable models.ConclusionIGR did not influence clinical outcomes in TB patients with or without IGR in a programme of early IGR diagnosis and integration TB, HIV and DM care. Early detection and co‐management of multi‐morbidities among people diagnosed with TB may reduce likelihood of poor treatment outcomes in a programmatic setting.
An RxLR effector from Plasmopara viticola suppresses plant immunity in grapevine by targeting and stabilizing VpBPA1
Authors: Yin Xiao , Fu Qingqing , Shang Boxing , Wang Yunlei , Liu Ruiqi , Chen Tingting , Xiang Gaoqing , Dou Mengru , Liu Guotian , Xu Yan 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARYGrapevine downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara viticola, is one of the most devastating diseases in viticulture. Plasmopara viticola secretes RxLR effectors to modulate immune responses in grapevine. Here, we report an RxLR effector RxLR50253 from P. viticola that can interfere with plant immune response and thus promote pathogen colonization. RxLR50253 was induced at an early stage of P. viticola infection and could suppress elicitor (INF1 and Bax)‐triggered cell death. RxLR50253 promote pathogen colonization in both tobacco and grapevine leaves. VpBPA1 was found to be the host target of RxLR50253 by yeast two‐hybrid screening, and interaction between RxLR50253 and VpBPA1 was confirmed by multiple in vivo and in vitro assays. Further analysis revealed that VpBPA1 promoted pathogen colonization and decreased H2O2 accumulation in transgenic tobacco and grapevine, while there was enhanced resistance and H2O2 accumulation in NbBPA1‐silenced Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Moreover, transient expression of VpBPA1 in NbBPA1‐silenced N. benthamiana leaves could reduce the accumulation of H2O2. Experiments in vivo demonstrated that RxLR50253 inhibits degradation of VpBPA1. Taken together, our findings showed that RxLR50253 targets and stabilizes VpBPA1 to attenuate plant immunity through decreasing H2O2 accumulation during pathogen infection.
The mitotic regulator polo‐like kinase 1 as a potential therapeutic target for c‐Myc‐overexpressing canine osteosarcomas
Authors: Gola Cecilia , Licenziato Luca , Accornero Paolo , Iussich Selina , Morello Emanuela , Buracco Paolo , Modesto Paola , Aresu Luca , De Maria Raffaella 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOsteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumour in dogs, characterized by a locally aggressive and highly metastatic behaviour. Despite the current standards of care, most dogs succumb to the disease, indicating the need for novel treatment strategies. Polo‐like kinase 1 (PLK1) is dysregulated in a variety of human cancer types, including osteosarcoma, and induces c‐Myc accumulation. The crosstalk between the two molecules coordinates cell proliferation, differentiation, self‐renewal and apoptosis. Therefore, PLK1 has recently emerged as a potential therapeutic target, mainly in tumours overexpressing c‐Myc. BI 2536 is a selective PLK1 inhibitor promoting mitotic arrest and apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells. This research aimed at evaluating PLK1 and c‐Myc protein expression in 53 appendicular canine osteosarcoma (cOSA) samples and the in vitro effects of BI 2536 on a c‐Myc and PLK1‐overexpressing cOSA cell line (D17). PLK1 and c‐Myc expression in cOSA samples showed no correlation with clinicopathological data. However, c‐Myc overexpression was associated with a significantly reduced overall survival (p = .003). Western Blot and RT‐qPCR assays revealed that D17 expressed high protein and transcript levels of both PLK1 and MYC. When treated with BI 2536 (range 2.5–15 nM) for 24 h, D17 showed a substantial decrease in cell growth, inducing apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Interestingly, under BI 2536 treatment, D17 showed decreased c‐Myc protein levels. Consistent with human OSA, these preliminary data outline the prognostic value of c‐Myc expression in cOSA and highlight the potential role of PLK1 as an antiproliferative therapeutic target for tumours overexpressing c‐Myc.
Cell‐free therapy based on stem cell‐derived exosomes: A promising approach for wound healing
Authors: Azaryan Ehsaneh , Karbasi Samira , Zarban Asghar , Naseri Mohsen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThere are several successive and overlapping phases in wound healing as a complex process. By the disruption of each of these phases, chronic non‐healing wounds are resultant. Despite the present soothing surgeries, standard wound dressings and topical gels, the wound is often not completely closed. Today, stem cells have attracted a huge deal of attention therapeutically and pharmaceutically considering their unique features. However, they have some restrictions. Moreover, it is hoped to eliminate the limitations of cellular therapies based on their derivatives known as exosomes. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted from cells. They have a diameter of almost 30–150 nm and miRNAs, mRNAs, and proteins that are possibly different from the source cell are included in exosomal contents. Such nanovesicles have a key role in the intercellular communication of pathological and physiological procedures. Exosome‐based therapy is a new significant method for wound healing. By exosomes effects, wound management may be improved and a new therapeutic model may be highlighted for cell‐free therapies with reduced side effects for the wound repair.
Constrained for G1 cubic trigonometric spline curve interpolation
Authors: Munir Nur Azliana Azlin , Abdul Hadi Normi , Nasir Mohd Agos Salim 
Published: August 2022

This paper presented the G1 cubic trigonometric spline function with three shape parameters that generate a constrained curve that interpolates 2D data. The purpose of this research is to ensure the generated curve passes through all data point yet satisfied the three cases of line constraints given. The three cases are: the data must lie above line Li the data must lie below line Li and lastly, the data must lie between two lines Li,1 and Li,2. A simpler theorem is implemented involving the roles of shape parameters. Two of the shape parameters are set free, while another parameter is fixed to fulfil all the three cases stated. The results show that a smooth curve of the G1 cubic trigonometric spline function can be produced within the constrained line by using the theorem developed while the hereditary shape of the data is preserved. Numerical examples are illustrated and discussed.
Acute neuromuscular and hormonal responses to 20 versus 40% velocity loss in males and females before and after 8 weeks of velocity‐loss resistance training
Authors: Walker Simon , Häkkinen Keijo , Virtanen Roosa , Mane Shashank , Bachero‐Mena Beatriz , Pareja‐Blanco Fernando 
Published: August 2022

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Do males and females differ in fatiguability during dynamic loadings, and what are the acute neuromuscular and hormonal responses to 20 versus 40% velocity‐loss resistance loadings? How does an 8‐week velocity‐loss resistance training period modify acute neuromuscular and hormonal responses in males and females?
What is the main finding and its importance?
Using resistance training methods that regulated the within‐set fatigue limit, males appeared to be more susceptible to fatigue than females before the training period. This between‐sex difference was diminished after training. The predominant mechanisms of fatigue from 20 and 40% velocity‐based resistance training appear to be within the musculature.
AbstractScientific examination of velocity‐based resistance training (VBRT) has increased recently, but how males and females respond to different VBRT protocols or how these acute responses are modified after a period of training is unknown. Habitually resistance‐trained males and females followed either a 20 or 40% velocity‐loss programme for 8 weeks. Acute squat loading tests (five sets, 70% one‐repetition maximum load, 3 min rest) were performed before and after the training period. Tests of maximum neuromuscular performance and blood sampling were conducted before, within 10 min of completion (POST) and 24 h after each acute loading test. Testing included countermovement jump, resting femoral nerve electrical stimulation and bilateral isometric leg press. Blood samples were analysed for whole‐blood lactate, serum testosterone, cortisol, growth hormone and creatine kinase concentrations. Countermovement jump height, maximum isometric bilateral leg‐press force and the force from a 10 Hz doublet decreased in all groups at POST after 20 and 40% velocity loss. Only males showed reduced force from the 100 Hz doublet and voluntary force over 100 ms at POST before training. The 40% velocity loss led to increased blood lactate and growth hormone responses before training in both males and females. After training, more systematic and equivalent responses in force over 100 ms, force from a 100 Hz doublet and blood lactate were observed regardless of sex/VBRT protocol. Overall, acute responses were greater from 40% VBRT, and males were more susceptible to acute loss in force production capacity before the training period. These VBRT protocol‐ and sex‐related differences were diminished after training.
Near‐infrared spectroscopy estimation of combined skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and O2 diffusion capacity in humans
Authors: Pilotto Andrea M. , Adami Alessandra , Mazzolari Raffaele , Brocca Lorenza , Crea Emanuela , Zuccarelli Lucrezia , Pellegrino Maria A. , Bottinelli Roberto , Grassi Bruno , Rossiter Harry B. , Porcelli Simone 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe final steps of the O2 cascade during exercise depend on the product of the microvascular‐to‐intramyocyte difference and muscle O2 diffusing capacity (). Non‐invasive methods to determine in humans are currently unavailable. Muscle oxygen uptake (m) recovery rate constant (k), measured by near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) using intermittent arterial occlusions, is associated with muscle oxidative capacity in vivo. We reasoned that k would be limited by when muscle oxygenation is low (kLOW), and hypothesized that: (i) k in well oxygenated muscle (kHIGH) is associated with maximal O2 flux in fibre bundles; and (ii) ∆k (kHIGH – kLOW) is associated with capillary density (CD). Vastus lateralis k was measured in 12 participants using NIRS after moderate exercise. The timing and duration of arterial occlusions were manipulated to maintain tissue saturation index within a 10% range either below (LOW) or above (HIGH) half‐maximal desaturation, assessed during sustained arterial occlusion. Maximal O2 flux in phosphorylating state was 37.7 ± 10.6 pmol s−1 mg−1 (∼5.8 ml min−1 100 g−1). CD ranged 348 to 586 mm–2. kHIGH was greater than kLOW (3.15 ± 0.45 vs. 1.56 ± 0.79 min–1, P < 0.001). Maximal O2 flux was correlated with kHIGH (r = 0.80, P = 0.002) but not kLOW (r = –0.10, P = 0.755). Δk ranged –0.26 to –2.55 min–1, and correlated with CD (r = –0.68, P = 0.015). m k reflects muscle oxidative capacity only in well oxygenated muscle. ∆k, the difference in k between well and poorly oxygenated muscle, was associated with CD, a mediator of . Assessment of muscle k and ∆k using NIRS provides a non‐invasive window on muscle oxidative and O2 diffusing capacity.
imageKey points
We determined post‐exercise recovery kinetics of quadriceps muscle oxygen uptake (m) measured by near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in humans under conditions of both non‐limiting (HIGH) and limiting (LOW) O2 availability, for comparison with biopsy variables.
The m recovery rate constant in HIGH O2 availability was hypothesized to reflect muscle oxidative capacity (kHIGH) and the difference in k between HIGH and LOW O2 availability (∆k) was hypothesized to reflect muscle O2 diffusing capacity.
kHIGH was correlated with phosphorylating oxidative capacity of permeabilized muscle fibre bundles (r = 0.80).
∆k was negatively correlated with capillary density (r = −0.68) of biopsy samples.
NIRS provides non‐invasive means of assessing both muscle oxidative and oxygen diffusing capacity in vivo.
A Set of Estimation and Decision Preference Experiments for Exploring Risk Assessment Biases in Engineering Students
Authors: Gernand Jeremy M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Engineering decisions that have the greatest effect on worker and public safety occur early in the design process. During these decisions, engineers rely on their experience and intuition to estimate the severity and likelihood of undesired future events like failures, equipment damage, injuries, or environmental harm. These initial estimates can then form the basis of investment of limited project resources in mitigating those risks. Behavioral economics suggests that most people make significant and predictable errors when considering high consequence, low probability events. Yet, these biases have not previously been studied quantitatively in the context of engineering decisions. This paper describes results from a set of computer-based engineering assessment and decision experiments with undergraduate engineering students estimating, prioritizing, and making design decisions related to risk. The subjects included in this experiment overestimated the probability of failure, deviated significantly from anticipated risk management preferences, and displayed worsening biases with increasing system complexity. These preliminary results suggest that considerably more effort is needed to understand the characteristics and qualities of these biases in risk estimation and understand what kinds of interventions might best ameliorate these biases and enable engineers to more effectively identify and manage the risks of technology.
Evaluation of Risk and Uncertainty for Model-Predicted NOAELs of Engineered Nanomaterials Based on Dose-Response-Recovery Clusters
Authors: Ramchandran Vignesh , Gernand Jeremy M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Experimental toxicology studies for the purposes of setting occupational exposure limits for aerosols have drawbacks including excessive time and cost which could be overcome or limited by the development of computational approaches. A quantitative, analytical relationship between the characteristics of emerging nanomaterials and related in vivo toxicity can be utilized to better assist in the subsequent mitigation of exposure toxicity by design. Predictive toxicity models can be used to categorize and define exposure limitations for emerging nanomaterials. Model-based no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) predictions were derived for toxicologically distinct nanomaterial clusters, referred to as model-predicted no observed adverse effect levels (MP-NOAELs). The lowest range of MP-NOAELs for the polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) response observed by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was found to be 21–35 μg/kg (cluster “A”), indicating that the CNT belonging to cluster A showed the earliest signs of adverse effects. Only 25% of the MP-NOAEL values for the CNTs can be quantitatively defined at present. The lowest observed MP-NOAEL range for the metal oxide nanoparticles was Cobalt oxide nanoparticles (cluster III) for the macrophage (MAC) response at 54–189 μg/kg. Nearly 50% of the derived MP-NOAEL values for the metal oxide nanoparticles can be quantitatively defined based on current data. A sensitivity analysis of the MP-NOAEL derivation highlighted the dependency of the process on the shape and type of the fitted dose-response model, its parameters, dose selection and spacing, and the sample size analyzed.