bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic association of agronomic traits with partial resistance to gray leaf spot in elite maize germplasm
Authors: Nyanapah James O. , Ayiecho Patrick O. , Nyabundi Julius O. , Otieno Washington , Ojiambo Peter S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStudies on gray leaf spot (GLS) of maize have reported inconsistencies in the relationship between partial disease resistance and agronomic traits. Understanding this variation could facilitate the use of agronomic traits as a basis for selection to improve partial resistance to GLS. Coinheritance of nine agronomic traits with partial resistance to GLS was examined among 48 maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines artificially infected with Cercospora zeina in field evaluations across nine environments in western Kenya in 2013 and 2014. Five measures of disease severity and two disease resistance components were evaluated for their association with agronomic traits. Standardized area under disease progress curve (SAUDPC) was the most efficient in delineating differences in GLS severity between genotypes, whereas latent period (LP) was the least effective. Among maize genotypes, values of SAUDPC ranged from 29.3 to 97.9 across environments. Genotypic and phenotypic correlations were strongest between SAUDPC and the absolute rate of disease increase (ρ; r = .71), final percent diseased leaf area (r = .66) and International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) disease severity grade (r = .60), but weakest between SAUDPC and LP (r = −.19). Correlations of SAUDPC were significant (P = .05) with eight of the 11 agronomic traits examined, with the strongest being between SAUDPC and the stay‐green characteristic (SGR; r = −.87), days to maturity (DTM; r = −.60) and ear/plant height ratio (r = −.52). Genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of correlation of SAUDPC with agronomic traits were all negative. Overall, absolute genotypic correlations were numerically larger than the corresponding coefficients of phenotypic correlation with the magnitude and direction of coheritability estimates mimicking trends in genotypic and phenotypic correlations. Causal mediation analysis indicated that covariation of GLS resistance with agronomic traits was mainly due to direct effects of days to anthesis and DTM and indirect effects of SGR and silking–maturity interval.
Electrocatalytic Conversion of CO2 to Formate at Low Overpotential by Electrolyte Engineering in Model Molecular Catalysis
Authors: Vichou Elli , Solé‐Daura Albert , Mellot‐Draznieks Caroline , Li Yun , Gomez‐Mingot Maria , Fontecave Marc , Sánchez‐Sánchez Carlos M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAn electrolyte engineering strategy was developed for CO2 reduction into formate with a model molecular catalyst, [Rh(bpy)(Cp*)Cl]Cl, by modifying the solvent (organic or aqueous), the proton source (H2O or acetic acid), and the electrode/solution interface with imidazolium‐ and pyrrolidinium‐based ionic liquids (ILs). Experimental and theoretical density functional theory investigations suggested that π+‐π interactions between the imidazolium‐based IL cation and the reduced bipyridine ligand of the catalyst improved the efficiency of the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) by lowering the overpotential, while granting partial suppression of the hydrogen evolution reaction. This allowed tuning the selectivity towards formate, reaching for this catalyst an unprecedented faradaic efficiency (FEHCOO−) ≥90 % and energy efficiency of 66 % in acetonitrile solution. For the first time, relevant CO2 conversion to formic acid/formate was reached at low overpotential (0.28 V) using a homogeneous catalyst in acidic aqueous solution (pH=3.8). These results open up a new strategy based on electrolyte engineering for enhancing carbon balance in CO2RR.
Analysis of distillation characteristics via CFD (computational fluid dynamics) of Korean traditional ‘Sojutgori’ and study on structure for distillation efficiency enhancement
Authors: Kim Ung‐soo , Kim Jin‐ho , Kim Tae‐Wan , Choi Jung‐hoon 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe design of the Korean traditional distiller ‘sojutgori’ was extracted as a digital sketch, and the internal fluid flow in the distillation process was tracked through computer simulation. Based on this, a new design was derived to improve distillation efficiency and its changes were researched. The ethanol particles vaporized inside the distiller were stagnated or their discharge was accelerated according to the magnitude and frequency of vortex. If the center is narrow and the fluid rotates, the vortex decreases or changes to a regular form. To effectively control the vortex, six simple models and two materialized models were designed and the optimal design was derived. When compared with the traditional distiller, the outlet fluid speed of the final design increased by 78% and the residence time dispersion of ethanol particles decreased by 39%. Furthermore, to suppress the temperature spread of fermented wash, a streamlined blade structure that can promote convection current was added. This structure had the effect of reducing the temperature spread of fermented wash by 57%. In addition, a reflux ring structure that can control the recondensed fermented wash caused by heat loss at the inner wall of the distiller was designed and applied. The reflux ring structure minimized the temperature change of the fermented wash and decreased temperature change by 23% compared to the condition without the reflux ring structure.
Preventing early harsh parenting and toddler behavior problems: The role of neighborhood collective efficacy among low‐income Latine families
Authors: Martoccio Tiffany L. , Berlin Lisa J. , Harden Brenda Jones 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHarsh parenting behaviors are alarmingly prevalent during infancy and toddlerhood. From an ecological perspective, predicting and preventing harsh parenting requires probing not only micro‐ and exosystem‐level processes but also the interactions among them. In the current longitudinal study, we examined associations among maternal depressive symptoms, harsh parenting, and neighborhood collective efficacy in 142 low‐income Latina mothers and their infants (Mchild age = 14.11 months, SD = 3.60). We hypothesized that there would be a mediated pathway from maternal depressive symptoms to harsh parenting to toddler behavior problems, and that neighborhood collective efficacy would moderate this pathway. As predicted, maternal depressive symptoms predicted toddler behavior problems, and harsh parenting significantly mediated this association. Moreover, neighborhood collective efficacy was a significant moderator such that this indirect pathway was maintained in the context of low neighborhood collective efficacy only. When collective efficacy was high, this pathway was not significant. Results are discussed in terms of the buffering potential of neighborhood collective efficacy. Tentative implications for leveraging neighborhood supports to prevent early harsh parenting are suggested.
The impact of stakeholder orientation on tax avoidance: Evidence from a natural experiment
Authors: Chen Gary , Mathers Ani Manakyan , Wang Bin , Wang Xiaohong (Sara) 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe study the effect of stakeholder orientation on corporate tax avoidance. Using the staggered passage of constituency statutes across U.S. states between 1983 and 2006, we show that greater stakeholder orientation results in increased tax avoidance. We further find greater tax avoidance among firms with limited financial resources and that employees benefit from the change. Our results are consistent with stakeholder salience theory that resource‐constrained managers prioritize the claims of salient stakeholders, such as employees, at the expense of secondary stakeholders, such as the government.
Systematic review on spheroids from adipose‐derived stem cells: Spontaneous or artefact state?
Authors: Di Stefano Anna Barbara , Urrata Valentina , Trapani Marco , Moschella Francesco , Cordova Adriana , Toia Francesca 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) cell cultures represent the spontaneous state of stem cells with specific gene and protein molecular expression that are more alike the in vivo condition. In vitro two‐dimensional (2D) cell adhesion cultures are still commonly employed for various cellular studies such as movement, proliferation and differentiation phenomena; this procedure is standardized and amply used in laboratories, however their representing the original tissue has recently been subject to questioning. Cell cultures in 2D require a support/substrate (flasks, multiwells, etc.) and use of fetal bovine serum as an adjuvant that stimulates adhesion that most likely leads to cellular aging. A 3D environment stimulates cells to grow in suspended aggregates that are defined as “spheroids.” In particular, adipose stem cells (ASCs) are traditionally observed in adhesion conditions, but a recent and vast literature offers many strategies that obtain 3D cell spheroids. These cells seem to possess a greater ability in maintaining their stemness and differentiate towards all mesenchymal lineages, as demonstrated in in vitro and in vivo studies compared to adhesion cultures. To date, standardized procedures that form ASC spheroids have not yet been established. This systematic review carries out an in‐depth analysis of the 76 articles produced over the past 10 years and discusses the similarities and differences in materials, techniques, and purposes to standardize the methods aimed at obtaining ASC spheroids as already described for 2D cultures.
An updated climatology of atmospheric blocking in the eastern Atlantic‐European region
Authors: Toumpos Michalis , Flocas Helena A. , Kouroutzoglou John , Hatzaki Maria 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAtmospheric blocking is an important aspect of weather in middle latitudes. Stationary, long‐lasting weather patterns can lead to extreme conditions, such as very high temperatures or heavy rainfall. This study provides an updated climatology of blocking in the eastern Atlantic‐European region, with the aid of a modified PV‐θ wave‐breaking index at the latitude of the climatological storm track. The seasonal and spatial variability of the blocking index, the blocking frequency, duration, and strength of blocking episodes are examined for the period 1979–2019 using ECMWF ERA5 datasets. The blocking index, a measure of possible reversals of potential temperature field, is characterized by a high day‐to‐day variability, especially in the vicinity of the Atlantic jet. Despite the different methodology, the higher spatial resolution and the most recent period covered by ERA5 data, no considerable differences in blocking frequencies were found with previous analyses. The longest events coincide with blocking frequency maxima while the strength of blocking episodes is generally independent of the blocking frequency. Indeed, the strongest blocking episodes were found over the eastern Atlantic where blocking is less frequent. A small decrease in mean strength of blocking episodes was found compared to previous studies for all longitudes. Finally, regarding the evolution of daily intensities of blocking episodes, no evidence is found that a typical evolution of strength during a blocking event exists.
Foliar application of phosphite reduces grain weight of soybean facing postflowering phosphorus deficiency
Authors: Duarte Fernando C. N. , Cipriano Matheus A. P. , Andrade Sara A. L. , Zambrosi Fernando C. B. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and aimWe aimed to contribute with the foundation to adopt foliar P fertilization on soybean.MethodsTreatments were a combination of contrasting postflowering root P supply versus foliar application of phosphate (Pi) or phosphite (Phi).ResultsPi improved grain yield of P‐limited plants, while Phi was detrimental because of negative effects on grain weight.ConclusionsThus, cautions should be taken with foliar application of Phi during the generative phase of soybean under low‐P stress, as Phi impairs grain filling process.
Remote sensing of plastic‐covered greenhouses and plastic‐mulched farmlands: Current trends and future perspectives
Authors: Veettil Bijeesh Kozhikkodan , Van Dong Doan , Quang Ngo Xuan , Hoai Pham Ngoc 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe application of intensive plasticulture farming has resulted in an increased yield of horticulture crops during the last few decades in the world, particularly in China, Spain, and Italy. Proper monitoring of plastic‐covered greenhouse (PCG) farming areas and plastic‐mulched farmlands (PMF) is necessary for the sustainable development of horticulture, including high‐quality agricultural production in limited areas with cost‐effectiveness, and reduced pollution. The development of sophisticated image processing algorithms, such as pixel‐based, object‐based, and machine learning approaches, for mapping landscape and land use changes have revolutionized monitoring plasticulture areas in recent decades. Even though a complex task, remote sensing offers cost‐effective, large‐scale monitoring of plasticulture areas. Advancements in UAV technology are expected to improve the mapping and monitoring accuracy of PCGs and PMFs in the future in addition to high resolution optical data combined with digital surface models (DSM) with high vertical accuracy.
Holistic sleep improvement strategies for frontline nurses served during a public health emergency (COVID‐19) in Wuhan, China: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Zhang Yanli , Tang Manli , Zhou Yanrong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimTo examine effects of holistic sleep improvement strategies on frontline nurses who served in Wuhan, China, during a public health emergency (COVID‐19).DesignA pre–post‐test design with single group was conducted with a convenience sample applied the Transparent Reporting of Evaluations with Non‐randomized Designs statement.MethodsFifty‐two nurses were recruited from a COVID‐19 designated hospital, receiving holistic sleep improvement intervention, which concentrated on scientific human resource management, comfortable sleep environment establishment, self‐relaxation and self‐adjustment training and humanistic care. Data was collected at baseline and 4‐week follow‐up post intervention using self‐reported questionnaires.ResultsThe total score of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scale was 8.69 ± 4.346 at baseline. After 4 weeks of follow‐up, the score statistically significantly decreased to 7.48 ± 3.691. Subjective sleep quality (p = .016), sleep efficiency (p = .015), sleep disturbances (p = .007) were statistically significantly improved after the intervention, while there were no statistically significant differences in sleep latency (p = .205), sleep duration (p = .375), sleep medication (p = .723) or daytime dysfunction (p = .747).
Seed treatment with chlorantraniliprole and carbaryl mixture for managing fall armyworm on maize: systemic synergism, control efficiency and synergistic mechanism
Authors: Wang Qinqin , Yang Daibin , Rui Changhui , Zhou Lin , Li Runan , Wang Li , Huang Weiling , Ji Xuejiao , Yang Qingjie , Liang Pei , Yuan Huizhu , Cui Li 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDFall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is one of the major invasive pests in China, and has been widely controlled by labor‐intensive foliar sprays of agrochemicals in maize (Zea mays L.).RESULTSSystemic bioassay showed that mixtures of chlorantraniliprole (Chlor) and carbaryl (Carb) had dramatically synergistic effect on toxicity to S. frugiperda. Particularly, a mixture of Chlor with Carb at a mass ratio of 2:1 (MCC) exhibited the highest toxicity to S. frugiperda. Therefore, seed treatment of Chlor mixed with Carb was studied as a simple, accurate, efficient and low‐cost control technology. Our results showed that MCC treatment shortened the median lethal time and 90% lethal time to S. frugiperda compared to Chlor‐ and Carb‐alone treatments. Meanwhile, smaller leaf consumption by S. frugiperda was recorded under MCC treatment compared to Chlor‐ and Carb‐alone treatments. In field trial, maize‐seed treatment with MCC showed efficacy up to 39 days post‐emergence in preventing S. frugiperda foliar damage at a low infestation pressure. Moreover, chemical quantification by ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) showed that Chlor residues were more absorbed and concentrated in maize leaves of MCC treatment, compared to that of Chlor‐alone treatment.CONCLUSIONThese results suggested that seed treatment with MCC can be applied to increase the control efficacy and reduce the cost of Chlor‐alone treatment for controlling S. frugiperda. The present study provided evidence of an enhanced translocation and accumulation of Chlor residues in maize leaves under MCC treatment, which likely contributed to a synergistic effect against S. frugiperda. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Azole fungicide sensitivity and molecular mechanisms of reduced sensitivity in IrishPyrenopeziza brassicaepopulations
Authors: Bucur Diana E. , Huang Yong‐Ju , Fitt Bruce D. L. , Kildea Steven 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDLight leaf spot, caused byPyrenopeziza brassicae, is amongst the most damaging diseases of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus), and currently the sterol 14α‐demethylase (CYP51) inhibitors (azoles) represent the main class of fungicides used to control light leaf spot development. However, a shift in sensitivity to azole fungicides inP. brassicaepopulations has been observed in different European countries, including Ireland.RESULTSTo assess the sensitivity status of IrishP. brassicaepopulations to azole fungicides, three collections ofP. brassicaefrom 2018–2020 were testedin vitroagainst tebuconazole and prothioconazole‐desthio, and thePbCYP51gene targeted by this class of fungicides was genotyped in different isolates. A change in sensitivity to azole fungicides was observed and differences in sensitivity to tebuconazole between Irish populations were present. There were two substitutions withinPbCYP51(G460S and S508T) and inserts of different sizes in its promoter region. The presence of the G460S/S508T double mutant was reported for the first time, and the diversity in insert size was greater than previously known. Compared to wild type isolates, those carrying G460S or S508T were less sensitive to both fungicides and, where inserts were also identified, they further reduced sensitivity to azole fungicides.CONCLUSIONSThe results of this study suggest that azole fungicides are still very effective in controlling light leaf spot in Ireland. However, using azole fungicides in mixtures of fungicides with different modes of action is recommended. © 2022 The Authors.Pest Management Sciencepublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
The role of IL‐1β during human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
Authors: Yaseen Mahmoud M. , Abuharfeil Nizar M. , Darmani Homa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInterleukin (IL)‐1β is a key innate cytokine that is essential for immune activation and promoting the inflammatory process. However, abnormal elevation in IL‐1β levels has been associated with unwanted clinical outcomes. IL‐1β is the most extensively studied cytokine among the IL‐1 family of cytokines and its role in pathology is well established. During the course of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) infection, the level of this proinflammatory cytokine is increased in different anatomical compartments, particularly in lymphatic tissues, and this elevation is associated with disease progression. The aim of this review is to address the pathological roles play by IL‐1β in the light of enhancing HIV‐1 replication, driving immune cell depletion, and chronic immune activation. The role of IL‐1β in HIV‐1 transmission (sexually or vertically ‘from mother‐to‐child’) will also be discussed. Additionally, the impact of the available antiretroviral therapy regimens on the levels of IL‐1β in HIV‐1 treated patients is also discussed. Finally, we will provide a glance on how IL‐1β could be targeted as a therapeutic strategy.
Charge Transfer Doping of Carbon Nitride Films through Noncovalent Iodination for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance: Combined Experimental and Computational Insights
Authors: Tian Haoran , Zhao Yanling , Oo May Thawda , Huang Fei , Huang Miaoyan , Xiong Wei , Yu Yaoguang , Zhang Rui‐Qin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo improve the photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of photocatalysts, the doping strategy through covalent functionalization is often adopted to adjust material electronic structures. By contrast, this work demonstrates that the noncovalent interaction in the case of iodinated graphitic carbon nitride (g‐CN) film can also enhance the PEC performance. Through a facile synthesis method of rapid thermal vapor condensation (RTVC), the prepared iodinated g‐CN film shows a significantly improved photocurrent density (38.9 µA cm−2), three times that of pure g‐CN film (13.0 µA cm−2) at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. Computations reveal that the noncovalent attachment of iodine anion (I−) on g‐CN plays a crucial role in modulating the bandgap states and broadening of the visible‐light absorption range as well as the charge carrier separation with the photo‐induced hole confined to I− and electron to g‐CN film. The fully filled valence orbitals (4d105s25p6) of I− determine its noncovalent attachment on the g‐CN film and so do the iodine species of I3−, I5−, etc. This work offers a favorable synthesis method to achieve efficient doping through noncovalent charge transfer between thin film and certain dopants and provides a useful modification strategy for the establishment of multi‐channel transportation of charge carriers in general photocatalysts.
A Precipitation‐Enhanced Emission (PEE) Strategy for Increasing the Brightness and Reducing the Liver Retention of NIR‐II Fluorophores
Authors: Li Jinwei , Pu Ruihua , He Xiaoyan , Chen Qimingxing , Liu Suhong , Liu Weimin , Li Jianfeng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe lack of organic fluorophores with high quantum yields (QYs) and low liver retention in the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) window has become a bottleneck in the bioimaging field. An approach to address these problems is proposed by encapsulating phosphorylated fluorescent dyes into biodegradable calcium phosphate nanoparticles. First, an NIR‐II molecule, LJ‐2P, is designed with increased water solubility by introducing two phosphate groups. Meanwhile, LJ‐2P co‐precipitates with calcium ions to form LJ‐2P nanoparticles (NPs). The QYs of LJ‐2P NPs in aqueous solution is increased by 36.57‐fold to 5.12% compared with that of LJ‐2P. This unique phenomenon is named as precipitation‐enhanced emission (PEE), whose detailed mechanism is explored by femtosecond transient absorption. It is demonstrated that co‐precipitation of LJ‐2P with calcium ions changes the micro‐environment, which restricts the molecular rotation and reduces the interaction of water molecules, especially the excited‐state proton transfer. In addition, due to the pH‐sensitive nature, more than 80% of the LJ‐2P NPs are metabolized in the liver within 24 h. Based on the excellent optical properties and good biocompatibility, high‐contrast vascular visualization and breast tumor detecting are achieved. This strategy can apply to other NIR‐II fluorophores to achieve high QYs and low liver retention.