bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Augmenting low‐order finite element method with partial nodal strain smoothing for flow‐deformation analysis of geomechanical problems
Authors: Shafee Ashkan , Khoshghalb Arman 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, the application of a numerical technique referred to as partial node‐based smoothed finite element method (PNS‐FEM) in flow‐deformation analysis of problems in geomechanics is presented. The PNS‐FEM is developed by augmenting the computation of the stiffness and permeability matrices of the domain in the linear finite element method (FEM) with partial nodal strain smoothing. The PNS‐FEM takes advantage of contradicting errors of the solutions of the linear FEM and the node‐based smooth point interpolation method (NSPIM) to yield close‐to‐exact solutions. The formulation of the PNS‐FEM and the steps required to develop a PNS‐FEM code from an FEM code are thoroughly presented. The performance of the PNS‐FEM is then examined through five numerical examples concerning linear and nonlinear porous materials undergoing various types of loading. The results show that partial nodal smoothing is a very simple, yet effective, technique to considerably improve the performance of the linear FEM in coupled problems of geomechanics.
Dystrophic Calcinosis Cutis in a Patient with Cutaneous Sarcoidosis in Remission
Authors: Yoshikawa Miyuki , Akasaka Eijiro , Nakano Hajime , Sawamura Daisuke 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A 65-year-old Japanese woman was referred to our department because of a 5-month history of asymptomatic papules on the face. She was diagnosed with cutaneous sarcoidosis on the face 20 years ago. All of the lesions had completely disappeared with oral corticosteroids. Twenty years after the diagnosis of sarcoidosis, small papules developed in areas where the cutaneous sarcoidosis had been located. Physical examination revealed four yellow-white papules on the face. Dermoscopy revealed a homogenous, round, and yellow-white lesion. Serum levels of calcium and phosphorus were normal. Histopathology demonstrated calcium deposits in the dermis surrounded by inflammatory infiltrates without sarcoid granulomas. We made a diagnosis of calcinosis cutis. Basal cell carcinoma with calcinosis cutis, milia-like calcinosis cutis, and subcutaneous calcified nodule should be differentiated. Calcinosis cutis can be classified into four subtypes based on pathogenesis: dystrophic, metastatic, idiopathic, and iatrogenic. Dystrophic calcinosis cutis is caused by local tissue damage or abnormalities. Whereas, metastatic calcinosis cutis is often associated with hypercalcaemia, hyperphosphatemia, or hyperparathyroidism. There are reported cases of metastatic calcinosis cutis associated with sarcoidosis because patients with sarcoidosis often present with hypercalcaemia. However, dystrophic calcinosis cutis associated with sarcoidosis has been rarely reported. In the present case, systemic treatment for sarcoidosis may have degraded sarcoid granulomas and yielded necrotic tissue and dermal fibrosis, which might have induced ectopic calcification. Thus, we thought the present case consisted of dystrophic calcinosis cutis that developed in areas with cutaneous sarcoidosis in remission.
Vascular phenotype at 35–37 weeks' gestation in women with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Mansukhani T. , Arechvo A. , Cecchini F. , Breim M. , Wright A. , Nicolaides K. H. , Charakida M. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo examine the vascular phenotype at 35–37 weeks' gestation of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and compare it to that in women without GDM, using ophthalmic artery Doppler and carotid–femoral pulse‐wave velocity.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study of women attending for a routine hospital visit at 35 + 0 to 37 + 6 weeks' gestation. This visit included recording of maternal demographic characteristics and medical history, ophthalmic artery Doppler for calculation of the peak systolic velocity (PSV) ratio and assessment of cardiac output, stroke volume, total peripheral resistance, central systolic and diastolic blood pressure, carotid–femoral pulse‐wave velocity and augmentation index. All measurements were standardized to remove the effects of maternal characteristics and elements from the medical history, and the adjusted values in the GDM group were compared with those in the non‐GDM group.ResultsThe study population of 2018 pregnancies contained 218 (10.8%) that developed GDM, including 78 (35.8%) that were treated with diet alone, 81 (37.2%) treated with metformin and 59 (27.1%) treated with insulin with or without metformin. In the GDM group, compared with the non‐GDM group, there were significantly higher ophthalmic artery PSV ratio, carotid–femoral pulse‐wave velocity and central systolic blood pressure, but there was no significant difference in cardiac output, stroke volume, total peripheral resistance, central diastolic blood pressure or augmentation index. In the GDM group, women treated with metformin or insulin had a higher ophthalmic artery PSV ratio compared with those treated with diet alone. Additionally, compared with the diet group, the metformin group had higher central systolic blood pressure and the insulin group had a higher carotid–femoral pulse‐wave velocity.ConclusionWomen with GDM have evidence of early vascular disease, and this may contribute to their long‐term cardiovascular risk. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Cholecystoduodenostomy for biliary obstruction treatment in a white‐collared lemur (Eulemur cinereiceps)
Authors: Vonfeld Irène , Ferreira Xavier , Gay Aline , Cornu Laurence , Gravet Alain , Brunet Julie , Lefaux Brice , Quintard Benoit 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA 16‐year‐old male, white‐collared lemur (Eulemur cinereiceps) was presented for lethargy, anorexia and nausea. General examination showed dehydration and icterus. Blood analysis revealed neutrophilic leucocytosis and elevated hepatic enzyme concentrations. Abdominal CT scan revealed two biliary calculi and a dilatation of the pancreatic and common bile ducts, indicating biliary obstruction. Due to lack of response to supportive treatment (intravenous fluid therapy, long‐acting amoxicillin, tramadol, omeprazole, methionine, silybin), cholecystoduodenostomy was performed, and a hepatic granuloma and gallstone were removed. The animal recovered from the surgery within a week and blood parameters were within normal range 3 weeks later. Microbiological evaluation of the calculus revealed an Enterococcus casseiflavus biliary infection, and hepatic cysticercosis by Taenia martis was diagnosed by histology and PCR. Cholelithiasis has been described in primates, but successful surgical treatment is rare. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first description of an obstructive cholelithiasis treated successfully by cholecystoduodenostomy in a primate.
The Italian Forest Inventory in Brief
Authors: Gasparini Patrizia , Papitto Giancarlo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLarge-scale forest inventories are important sources of forest information at the national level in individual countries. These surveys have undergone strong development in recent times, driven by new information needs and by advances in statistical-mathematical theory and in survey methods and techniques. In Italy, the first national forest inventory was carried out in the mid-1980s. A thorough review of the sampling design and survey protocols was carried out in the second inventory, and the third survey has just been completed. This chapter briefly describes the history and organisational structure of the Italian National Forest Inventory and summarises its content and products.
Changes of Italian Forests Over Time Captured by the National Forest Inventories
Authors: Gasparini Patrizia , Tabacchi Giovanni 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn order to effectively compare the results of different surveys, they should share the study domain, and the definitions and the classification and measurement criteria of the observed variables should be consistent. The inventory domain in the two Italian forest inventories, INFC2005 and INFC2015, has remained unchanged. The two surveys adopt a common classification system and common stratification criteria, by region and forest category, as well as the same measurement thresholds for quantitative and qualitative variables. This chapter illustrates the results of the comparisons between the estimates obtained from the two surveys for some features considered relevant for the analysis of the current dynamics of the Italian forests, such as the extension of the areas, the growing stock volume, the aboveground tree biomass, the annual volume increment and removals, and the number of trees. The results of the comparisons are sufficiently clear at the national level, while the estimates disaggregated by region or forest category sometimes show very limited variations and are associated with high standard errors of estimates.
Forest Management and Productive Function
Authors: Di Cosmo Lucio , Gasparini Patrizia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractForestry originated as a science under the need to manage forests for timber production in a sustainable way. Since then, sustainability has been broadened to include a variety of values and services recognised as important for human well-being, while at maintaining a relevant productive function. Hence, silviculture exists as a need of humankind and not as a need of forests for their continued existence. Sustainability is obtained by adopting correct silvicultural practices and adjusting the planning in view of the most suitable management able to ensure the goals, for example, carbon balance under climate warming scenarios. National forest inventories provide reliable information that is needed for effective forest policies. This chapter shows area estimates on some variables important for production, such as forest accessibility, presence of roads or tracks, terrain roughness and availability for wood supply (Sect. 8.2). Silviculture practices are actualised by forest utilisation modes, which are also related to timber logging modes. Section 8.3 shows the statistics on these variables as well as those on the growing stock and the biomass annually removed from the forest. Section 8.4 shows the estimates on presence of forest planning or regulations that influence productive aspects of forests. The type of planning may vary consistently due to overlapping authorities protecting forests in Italy, so the presence of planning at different levels was emphasised.
Environmental Ethics: Modelling for Values and Choices
Authors: Fang Wei-Ta , Hassan Arba’at , LePage Ben A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe framework of environmental ethics is built, challenging the way we view or interpret environmental education through the eyes of different stakeholders. In this chapter we consider aspects of land and ecological ethics as well as pedagogy as they relate to environmental ethics to form modelling. We classify that environmental ethics are “anthropocentrism,” or the human-centeredapproach; “biocentrism,” or the life-centered approach; and “ecocentrism,” or the ecosystem-centered approach. Environmental paradigms are explored, which include the theories and practices regarding to environmental ethics, new environmental, ecological and behavioral paradigms, and paradigm shifts. Regarding to our choices from environmental values and concerns, we may use a model to detect our problem-solving approach to identify environmental problems we face and, find our practical needs and implement solutions toward sustainability.
Mechatronic stiffness of cable-driven mechanisms: a study on production machine model
Authors: Neusser Zdeněk , Nečas Martin , Pelikán Jan , Karlíček Jindřich , Pawlik Vít , Beneš Petr , Machálka Martin , Šika Zbyněk , Valášek Michael 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPosition control of the mechanical structure with naturally limited stiffness is a common problem. Moreover, the system is usually exposed to random exciting by the external force effects and yet it is needed to hold the system in the desired position. Such an example in engineering practice can be the machine tool quill slim structure, which determines the machining accuracy and the machined surface quality. The limited structure stiffness can be overcome by suitable support structure solution. In principle, it is a matter of introducing the necessary force effect in the place where it is necessary to ensure the required position. A promising means how to apply control force to the flexible structure tip can be a thin cable structure with the force actuation and proper force control. The resulting system is characterized by increased stiffness achieved in a mechatronic manner. Therefore, the introduced concept is called mechatronic stiffness. The article describes selected mechanical arrangement of the mechatronic stiffness concept, its features, behaviour and control results. The proposed approach offers a solution for precise position control of the flexible structure. An experimental device was created in parallel with the simulation experiment and preliminary simulation results are obtained. The described concept is transferable to other flexible structures such as various manipulators.
Relating the magnetic coercivity to the L10 ordered FePd phase in annealed FexPd100-x nanoparticles
Authors: Luong Nguyen Hoang , Trung Truong Thanh , Hong Tran Thi , Nam Nguyen Hoang , Phan Manh-Huong , Jenei Péter , Lábár János L. , Gubicza Jenő 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRare-earth-free or iron-based permanent nanomagnets are emerging as promising candidates for energy-conversion and information technologies. In this interest, FexPd100-xnanoparticles (x = 50, 55, 60, and 63) were prepared from iron acetate and palladium acetate by sonoelectrodeposition. After annealing the nanoparticles at various temperatures from 450 to 700 °C for 1 h, structural changes were observed, and the samples exhibit hard magnetic properties that depend strongly on chemical composition and annealing temperature. The major phase in the as-prepared nanoparticles has a disordered face-centered cubic structure, which, upon annealing, transforms into a multi-phase material containing a L10ordered FePd phase. The fractions of different phases present in the annealed samples, including that of the L10phase as functions of chemical composition and annealing temperature, are quantified by means of X-ray diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy. Magnetic measurements show the desirable hard magnetic properties for the samples annealed at 550–600 °C. A correlation between the magnetic coercivity and the L10ordered FePd phase fraction is established for the first time in the FexPd100-xnanoparticles.
The role of resource orchestration in humanitarian operations: a COVID-19 case in the US healthcare
Authors: Baltas Konstantinos , Jayasekera Ranadeva , Uddin Gazi Salah , Papadopoulos Thanos 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the role of resource allocation in alleviating the impact on from disruptions in healthcare operations. We draw on resource orchestration theory and analyse data stemming from US healthcare to discuss how the US healthcare system structured, bundled and reconfigured resources (i.e. number of hospital beds, and vaccines) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Following a comprehensive and robust econometric analysis of two key resources (i.e. hospital beds and vaccines), we discuss its effect on the outcomes of the pandemic measured in terms of confirmed cases and deaths, and draw insights on how the learning curve effect and other factors might influence in the efficient and effective control of the pandemic outcomes through the resource usage. Our contribution lies in revealing how different resources are orchestrated (‘structured’, ‘bundled’, and ‘leveraged’) to help planning responses to and dealing with the disruptions to create resilient humanitarian operations. Managerial implications, limitations and future research directions are also discussed.
Beyond Homicide? The Feasibility of Extending the Doctrine of Partial Excuse across all Offence Categories
Authors: Kennefick Louise 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHarboured between full excuses and mitigatory factors, with its application restricted to murder only, the doctrine of partial excuse presents as both a procedural irregularity and a theoretical outlier. Perhaps owing to its problematic nature and limited reach, the site and scope of the doctrine has received scant scholarly attention. This paper signals the potential of partial excuse as a means of addressing criticisms pertaining to moral injustice at the heart of responsibility attribution. In particular, it aims to set the scene for future theoretical development in this area by dismantling the three familiar arguments against expanding partial defences beyond homicide. First, it clarifies the nature of partial excuse by questioning the apparent dependency of the doctrine on the mandatory life sentence for murder, arguing that partial excuse can function independently of both penalty and offence. Next, it considers the conceptual challenge posed by the notion of “partial responsibility”, before attending finally to the practical obstacles facing an expansion of the doctrine. Ultimately, the paper concludes that the doctrine can apply to all offence categories, and that deeper consideration is needed on the question of whether or not it ought to apply universally.
“How to meme it”: reverse engineering the creative process of mathematical Internet memes
Authors: Bini Giulia , Bikner-Ahsbahs Angelika , Robutti Ornella 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMathematical Internet memes are examples of how the creative thrust characterising the Web 2.0 environment reaches the field of mathematics, translating mathematical statements into a new digital form endowed with an epistemic potential that is capable of initiating a process of mathematical argumentation. The research presented in this paper aims to shed light on the creative process of mathematical memes, contributing to building a body of knowledge on mathematical memes that, prospectively, could enable educators to profit from these objects in their teaching. Theoretically, this is based on a widened concept of creativity that focuses on the connection linking digital culture with mathematics, and on distinguishing and merging three perspectives to disclose the meanings of mathematical memes. Methodologically, the process of mathematical memes’ creation is investigated through a reverse engineering approach on a dataset of about 2100 items collected in a 3-year-long ethnographic observation within online communities. The result is a heuristic action model of the creation process, that is validated by creating two new mathematical Internet memes that are shared online within the observed communities to explore if they retain the mathematical and epistemic characteristics of Web-found ones.
The fate of phosphorus from bone char-based fertilizers in soil pools in a 5-year crop rotation
Authors: Kruse Jens , Panten Kerstin , Siebers Nina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBone char (BC) is a promising P-recycling fertilizer but with rather low P-solubility, which can be increased by modifying the BC surface with elemental sulfur (BCplus), but effects on the soil P status have not been tested under field conditions yet. Hence, a long-time field experiment was started 2013 to track the fate of BC and BCplus P into different soil P pools compared to a control and triple superphosphate (TSP) treatment for severely P deficient (iSPTC-A) vs. sufficiently P fertilized (iSPTC-C) soil. The fingerprint of the recent land-use history (six years grassland prior arable land) was reflected by elevated labile-Po and NaOH-Po concentrations at the beginning of the experiment. However, after 3 years, labile Po concentrations converged and stabilized in both soils at a similar level. The formation of this new equilibrium of labile Po suggests that the rate of Po mineralization was, to some extent, controlled by the amount of available legacy P. After the first crop rotation, the effect of P fertilization on soil-P budgets and fractions were small and mostly insignificant. Only TSP increased the available-P pools in the soil. The other pools were not affected by treatments except stable-P increased significantly after BC application in iSPTC-A. The former laboratory results of higher P solubility of BCplus over BC could not be confirmed within the duration of the field trial. However, to prove that BC and BCplus are capable of maintaining adequate long-term crop P supply, the continuation of this unique field trial is highly recommended.
Penrose’s 1965 singularity theorem: from geodesic incompleteness to cosmic censorship
Authors: Landsman Klaas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSupplementing earlier literature by e.g. Tipler et al. (1980), Israel (1987), Thorne (1994), Earman (1999), Senovilla and Garfinkle (2015), Curiel (2019) and Landsman (2021), I provide a historical and conceptual analysis of Penrose’s path-breaking 1965 singularity (or incompleteness) theorem. The emphasis is on the nature and historical origin of the assumptions and definitions used in—or otherwise relevant to—the theorem, as well as on the discrepancy between the (astro)physical goals of the theorem and its actual content: even if its assumptions are met, the theorem fails to prove the existence or formation of black holes. Penrose himself was well aware of this gap, which he subsequently tried to overcome with his visionary and influential cosmic censorship conjectures. Roughly speaking, to infer from (null) geodesic incompleteness that there is a “black” object one needs weak cosmic censorship, whereas in addition a “hole” exists (as opposed to a boundary of an extendible space-time causing the incompleteness of geodesics) if strong cosmic censorship holds.
Determinants of Ph.D. progression: student’s abilities and lab local environment
Authors: Yoshioka-Kobayashi Tohru , Shibayama Sotaro 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ph.D. training is an important mechanism for developing scientists who will serve our knowledge-based society. Because the quality of students who join Ph.D. programs significantly impacts the outcome of Ph.D. training, students’ career choices at this initial stage—whether to proceed to Ph.D. or not—are of crucial interest. This study investigates how students’ attributes and the local lab environment influence their career choices using a unique empirical design in the Japanese graduate education context. The results show that students with high scientific abilities are more likely to proceed to Ph.D., and that students are more likely to proceed to Ph.D. if the lab has a favorable local environment for research and for training. Importantly, the findings suggest that students’ abilities and local environments interactively shape their career choices. In particular, high-ability students are drawn to local environments with high training capacities, whereas low-ability students are attracted to local environments with high research capacities.