bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishing a multistakeholder research agenda: lessons learned from a James Lind Alliance Partnership
Authors: Jongsma Karin Rolanda , Milota Megan M 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveThe James Lind Alliance (JLA) offers a method for better aligning health and care agenda’s with the needs of patients, carers and clinicians by bringing them together in a Priority Setting Partnership (PSP). In this paper, we draw attention to crucial lessons learnt when establishing such a shared research agenda.Key argumentsHaving specific strategies and plans in place for maximising dialogic processes in a PSP can help facilitate and maintain trust, innovation and equal inclusion.ConclusionEight lessons learnt have been formulated, based on our observations and reflections on the JLA PSP and our expertise on patient participation and participatory research.
Factors associated with preferred place of death among older adults: a qualitative interview study in Tama City, Tokyo, Japan
Authors: Tsuchida Tomoya , Onishi Hirotaka , Ono Yoshifumi , Machino Aco , Inoue Fumiko , Kamegai Manabu 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesTo analyse the cognitive processes involved in the decision-making of older adults who are not in the end-of-life stage regarding the selection of a preferred place of death.DesignA qualitative cross-sectional study based on semistructured in-depth interviews. The interview scripts were sectioned by context, then summarised, conceptualised and categorised. Post-categorisation, the relationships between the conceptual factors were examined.SettingTama City, Tokyo, Japan, from November 2015 to March 2016.Participants20 long-term care users and their families or care providers were interviewed about their preferred places of death and the factors behind their decisions.ResultsThree categories based on the preferred place of end-of-life care and death were extracted from the interview transcripts: (A) discouraging the decision of a preferred place of death, (B) enhancing the desire for home death and (C) enhancing the desire for a hospital/long-term care facility death. Category A consists of concerns about the caregiver’s health, anxiety about solitary death, and constraints of and concerns about the household budget. Both categories B and C consist of subcategories of reinforcing and inhibiting factors of whether to desire a home death or a hospital/long-term care facility death. If their previous experiences with care at home, a hospital or a care facility were positive, they preferred the death in the same setting. If those experiences were negative, they tend to avoid the death in the same setting.ConclusionsOne’s mindset and decision regarding a preferred place of death include the consideration of economic factors, concerns for caregivers, and experiences of care at home or in a hospital/long-term care facility. Furthermore, health professionals need to be aware of the ambivalence of senior citizens to support their end-of-life decisions.
Development and validation of a diabetes mellitus and prediabetes risk prediction function for case finding in primary care in Hong Kong: a cross-sectional study and a prospective study protocol paper
Authors: Dong Weinan , Cheng Will Ho Gi , Tse Emily Tsui Yee , Mi Yuqi , Wong Carlos King Ho , Tang Eric Ho Man , Yu Esther Yee Tak , Chin Weng Yee , Bedford Laura Elizabeth , Ko Welchie Wai Kit , Chao David Vai Kiong , Tan Kathryn Choon Beng , Lam Cindy Lo Kuen 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a major non-communicable disease with an increasing prevalence. Undiagnosed DM is not uncommon and can lead to severe complications and mortality. Identifying high-risk individuals at an earlier disease stage, that is, pre-diabetes (pre-DM), is crucial in delaying progression. Existing risk models mainly rely on non-modifiable factors to predict only the DM risk, and few apply to Chinese people. This study aims to develop and validate a risk prediction function that incorporates modifiable lifestyle factors to detect DM and pre-DM in Chinese adults in primary care.Methods and analysisA cross-sectional study to develop DM/Pre-DM risk prediction functions using data from the Hong Kong’s Population Health Survey (PHS) 2014/2015 and a 12-month prospective study to validate the functions in case finding of individuals with DM/pre-DM. Data of 1857 Chinese adults without self-reported DM/Pre-DM will be extracted from the PHS 2014/2015 to develop DM/Pre-DM risk models using logistic regression and machine learning methods. 1014 Chinese adults without a known history of DM/Pre-DM will be recruited from public and private primary care clinics in Hong Kong. They will complete a questionnaire on relevant risk factors and blood tests on Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and haemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) on recruitment and, if the first blood test is negative, at 12 months. A positive case is DM/pre-DM defined by OGTT or HbA1c in any blood test. Area under receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the models in detecting DM/pre-DM will be calculated.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been received from The University of Hong Kong/Hong Kong Hospital Authority Hong Kong West Cluster (UW19-831) and Hong Kong Hospital Authority Kowloon Central/Kowloon East Cluster (REC(KC/KE)-21-0042/ER-3). The study results will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberUS ClinicalTrial.gov: NCT04881383; HKU clinical trials registry: HKUCTR-2808; Pre-results.
Joint trajectories of body mass index and waist circumference in early-life to mid-life adulthood and incident hypertension: the China Health and Nutrition Survey
Authors: Qu Yanlin , Li Chunxia , Lv Jiali , Fan Bingbing , Liu Ying , Su Chang , Zhao Xiangjuan 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveThis longitudinal study aims to identify distinct trajectories of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) during 20–60 years old, and explore their joint effect on incident hypertension.DesignA longitudinal cohort study.SettingChina Health and Nutrition Survey, 1993–2011.ParticipantsThe longitudinal cohort included 6571 participants (3063 men) who had BMI and WC repeatedly measured 3–7 times before incident hypertension or loss to follow-up.OutcomesHypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure/diastolic blood pressure>140/90 mm Hg or diagnosis by medical records or taking antihypertensive medication.ResultsTwo distinct trajectories were characterised for both BMI and WC: low-increasing and high-increasing. Jointly, subjects were divided into four groups: normal (n=4963), WC-increasing (n=620), BMI-increasing (n=309) and BMI&WC-increasing (n=679). Compared with the normal group, the adjusted HRs and 95% CIs for hypertension were 1.43 (1.19 to 1.74), 1.51 (1.19 to 1.92) and 1.76 (1.45 to 2.14) for WC-increasing, BMI-increasing and BMI&WC-increasing groups, respectively. The model-estimated levels and slopes of BMI and WC were calculated at each age point in 1-year interval according to the model parameters and their first derivatives, respectively. The associations between model-estimated levels and hypertension increased with age, with adjusted ORs and 95% CIs ranging from 0.92 (0.86 to 0.98) to 1.57 (1.47 to 1.67) for BMI and 0.98 (0.92 to 1.05) to 1.44 (1.35 to 1.53) for WC. Conversely, the ORs (95% CIs) of level-adjusted linear slopes decreased with age, ranging from 1.47 (1.38 to 1.57) to 0.97 (0.92 to 1.03) for BMI and 1.36 (1.28 to 1.45) to 0.99 (0.93 to 1.06) for WC.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that the joint trajectories of BMI and WC have significant effect on future hypertension risk, and the changing slopes of BMI and WC during young adulthood are independent risk factors. Both BMI and WC should be paid more attention to prevent hypertension, and young adulthood may be a crucial period for intervention.
Risk of COVID-19 re-infection and its predictors (CORES): protocol for a community-based longitudinal cohort study in Vellore, India
Authors: Madhavan Ramya , Paul Jackwin Sam , Babji Sudhir , Kumar Dilesh , Prabhu Savit B , Pulleri Harsha Kandi , Annadorai Ravikiran , Gowda Sampreeth Ravi , John Jacob , Kang Gagandeep 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionThe incidence of SARS-CoV-2 re-infection has not been widely evaluated in low-income and middle-income countries. Understanding immune responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2 natural infection and factors that lead to re-infection in a community setting is important for public health policy. We aim to investigate the risk of primary infection and re-infection among those without and with evidence of prior infection as defined by the presence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.Methods and analysisA baseline seroprevalence survey will test for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among healthy adults in Vellore, India. Based on an expected seropositivity rate of 50% in the general population, with annual attack rates of 12%, 6%, 4.8% and 4% among those unvaccinated and seronegative, vaccinated and seronegative, unvaccinated and seropositive, and vaccinated and seropositive, respectively, we will recruit 1200 adults who will be followed up for a total of 24 months. Weekly self-collected saliva samples will be tested by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) to detect SARS-CoV-2 infections, for a period of 1 year. For any person testing RT-PCR positive, blood samples will be collected within 2 days of RT-PCR positivity and on days 30 and 90 to assess the kinetics and longevity of the antibody responses, B cell memory and T cell memory post-infection. The data will be analysed to estimate seroprevalence at baseline and over time, the risk factors for infection, rates of primary infection and re-infection, and provide a comparison of the rates across groups based on infection and vaccination status.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB No: 13585) of Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore. The results of the study will be made available through journal publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberCentral Trial Registry of India: CTRI/2020/11/029438.
Sleep quality and patterns of young West Balkan adults during the third wave of COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Šljivo Armin , Juginović Alen , Ivanović Katarina , Quraishi Iman , Mulać Ahmed , Kovačević Zorana , Ivanović Stefan , Vuković Miro , Aranza Ivan , Biloš Valentina , Ljuhar Kenan , Drašković Doris , Ćetković Asja , Abdulkhaliq Arian , Dadić Ilma , Begić Edin , Mujičić Ermina , Kulo Ćesić Aida 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesTo evaluate the sleep patterns among young West Balkan adults during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.Design and settingCross-sectional study conducted using an anonymous online questionnaire based on established sleep questionnaires Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) (February–August 2021).ParticipantsYoung adults of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Serbia.ResultsOf 1058 subjects, mean age was 28.19±9.29 years; majority were women (81.4%) and students (61.9%). Compared with before the pandemic, 528 subjects (49.9%) reported a change in sleeping patterns during the pandemic, with 47.3% subjects reporting sleeping less. Mean sleeping duration during the COVID-19 pandemic was 7.71±2.14 hours with median sleep latency of 20 (10.0–30.0) min. Only 91 (8.6%) subjects reported consuming sleeping medications. Of all, 574 (54.2%) subjects had ISI score >7, with majority (71.2%) having subthreshold insomnia, and 618 (58.4%) PSQI score ≥5, thus indicating poor sleep quality. Of 656 (62.0%) tested subjects, 464 (43.9%) were COVID-19 positive (both symptomatic and asymptomatic) who were 48.8%, next to women (70%), more likely to have insomnia symptoms; and 66.9% were more likely to have poor sleep quality. Subjects using sleep medication were 44 times, and subjects being positive to ISI 15.36 times more likely to have poor sleep quality. In contrast, being a student was a negative independent predictor for both insomnia symptoms and poor sleep quality, and mental labour and not working were negative independent predictors for insomnia symptoms.ConclusionsDuring the third wave of the pandemic, sleep patterns were impaired in about half of young West Balkan adults, with COVID-19-positive subjects and being women as positive independent predictors and being a student as negative independent predictor of impaired sleep pattern. Due to its importance in long-term health outcomes, sleep quality in young adults, especially COVID-19-positive ones, should be thoroughly assessed.
Patients’ experiences of being treated for acute illness at home as an alternative to hospital admission: a qualitative study in Denmark
Authors: Bove Dorthe Gaby , Christensen Pernille Edelgaard , Gjersøe Peter , Lavesen Marie 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the experiences of Danish patients treated at home for an acute illness instead of being hospitalised.DesignThis study had a qualitative design inspired by the methodology of interpretive description. Data were collected through semistructured interviews.SettingHome treatment was conducted by a team of nurses (n=10–15) supported by physiotherapists and physicians, all affiliated with an emergency department, located in the capital region of Denmark. Interviews were conducted between August 2020 and April 2021.ParticipantsTwenty-one patients, aged 34–94 years, narrated their experiences of being treated at home for an acute illness.ResultsThe overarching theme in our analyses was that ‘being the centre of the nurses’ attention provided safety, patient involvement and quality of life during home treatment’. The following six themes emerged from analyses: (1) exclusive attention facilitates involvement and activity; (2) hospitals are for the sick; (3) maintaining a meaningful everyday life; (4) the hospital exudes productivity and busyness; (5) family relations and roles are maintained; (6) and concerns of deterioration.ConclusionsFrom a patient’s perspective, home treatment made sense and was perceived as a quality improvement. Being the centre of nurses’ attention induced a sense of safety, involvement and enhanced quality of life among patients during the treatment course for an acute illness.
Vitamin D status in the active duty Navy military personnel: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Henriques Moisés , Rodrigues Diogo , Sacadura-Leite Ema , Viegas Susana , Serranheira Florentino 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionVitamin D is critical for bone health and its deficiency has been linked to increased incidence and severity of multiple diseases. Even so, vitamin D inadequacy is a major public health problem worldwide. The main source of vitamin D is endogenous cutaneous synthesis through exposure to solar ultraviolet B radiation, which is influenced by several factors, including occupational. The active duty Navy military personnel may be prone to vitamin D inadequacy, but a worldwide overview of vitamin D status in this specific population is still lacking.Methods and analysisThe CoCoPop mnemonic will be used for determining the inclusion criteria. Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed/Medline will be searched for all studies including 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations of the active duty Navy military personnel. Data extraction and quality assessment (Joanna Briggs Institute’s and Downs and Black checklists) will be performed by two reviewers and data will be synthesised in narrative, tabular and map formats.Ethics and disseminationThis study will not involve human or animal subjects and, thus, does not require ethics approval. The outcomes will be disseminated via publication in a peer-reviewed scientific journal and presentation at a scientific conference.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022287057.
Embedded emergency department physical therapy versus usual care for acute low back pain: a protocol for the NEED-PT randomised trial
Authors: Kim Howard S , Muschong Kayla M , Fishman Ivy L , Schauer Jacob M , Seitz Amee L , Strickland Kyle J , Lambert Bruce L , McCarthy Danielle M , Vu My H , Ciolino Jody D 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionLow back pain is a common problem and a substantial source of morbidity and disability worldwide. Patients frequently visit the emergency department (ED) for low back pain, but many experience persistent symptoms at 3 months despite frequent receipt of opioids. Although physical therapy interventions have been demonstrated to improve patient functioning in the outpatient setting, no randomised trial has yet to evaluate physical therapy in the ED setting.Methods and analysisThis is a single-centre cluster-randomised trial of an embedded ED physical therapy intervention for acute low back pain. We used a covariate-constrained approach to randomise individual physicians (clusters) at an urban academic ED in Chicago, Illinois, USA, to receive, or not receive, an embedded physical therapist on their primary treatment team to evaluate all patients with low back pain. We will then enrol individual ED patients with acute low back pain and allocate them to the embedded physical therapy or usual care study arms, depending on the randomisation assignment of their treating physician. We will follow patients to a primary endpoint of 3 months and compare a primary outcome of change in PROMIS-Pain Interference score and secondary outcomes of change in modified Oswestry Disability Index score and patient-reported opioid use. Our primary approach will be a modified intention-to-treat analysis, whereby all participants who complete at least one follow-up data time point will be included in analyses, regardless of their or their physicians’ adherence to their assigned study arm.Ethics and disseminationThis trial is funded by the US Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (R01HS027426) and was approved by the Northwestern University Institutional Review Board. All physician and patient participants will give written informed consent to study participation. Trial results will be submitted for presentation at scientific meetings and for publication in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04921449)
How common is patient and public involvement (PPI)? Cross-sectional analysis of frequency of PPI reporting in health research papers and associations with methods, funding sources and other factors
Authors: Lang Iain , King Angela , Jenkins Georgia , Boddy Kate , Khan Zohrah , Liabo Kristin 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesPatient and public involvement (PPI) in health research is required by some funders and publications but we know little about how common it is. In this study we estimated the frequency of PPI inclusion in health research papers and analysed how it varied in relation to research topics, methods, funding sources and geographical regions.DesignCross-sectional.MethodsOur sample consisted of 3000 research papers published in 2020 in a general health-research journal (BMJ Open) that requires a statement on whether studies included PPI. We classified each paper as ‘included PPI’ or ‘did not include PPI’ and analysed the association of this classification with location (country or region of the world), methods used, research topic (journal section) and funding source. We used adjusted regression models to estimate incident rate ratios of PPI inclusion in relation to these differences.Results618 (20.6%) of the papers in our sample included PPI. The proportion of papers including PPI varied in relation to location (from 44.5% (95% CI 40.8% to 48.5%) in papers from the UK to 3.4% (95% CI 1.5% to 5.3%) in papers from China), method (from 38.6% (95% CI 27.1% to 50.1%) of mixed-methods papers to 5.3% (95% CI –1.9% to 12.5%) of simulation papers), topic (from 36.9% (95% CI 29.1% to 44.7%) of papers on mental health to 3.4% (95% CI –1.3% to 8.2%) of papers on medical education and training, and funding source (from 57.2% (95% CI 51.8% to 62.6%) in papers that received funding from the UK’s National Institute for Health Research to 3.4% (95% CI 0.7% to 6.0%) in papers that received funding from a Chinese state funder).ConclusionsMost research papers in our sample did not include PPI and PPI inclusion varied widely in relation to location, methods, topic and funding source.
IL-20 subfamily cytokines impair the oesophageal epithelial barrier by diminishing filaggrin in eosinophilic oesophagitis
Authors: Kaymak Tanay , Kaya Berna , Wuggenig Philipp , Nuciforo Sandro , Göldi Andreas ,   Swiss EoE Cohort Study Group (SEECS), Oswald Franz , Roux Julien , Noti Mario , Melhem Hassan , Hruz Petr , Niess Jan Hendrik 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveDisruption of the epithelial barrier plays an essential role in developing eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE), a disease defined by type 2 helper T cell (Th2)-mediated food-associated and aeroallergen-associated chronic inflammation. Although an increased expression of interleukin (IL)-20 subfamily members, IL-19, IL-20 and IL-24, in Th2-mediated diseases has been reported, their function in EoE remains unknown.DesignCombining transcriptomic, proteomic and functional analyses, we studied the importance of the IL-20 subfamily for EoE using patient-derived oesophageal three-dimensional models and an EoE mouse model.ResultsPatients with active EoE have increased expression of IL-20 subfamily cytokines in the oesophagus and serum. In patient-derived oesophageal organoids stimulated with IL-20 cytokines, RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry revealed a downregulation of genes and proteins forming the cornified envelope, including filaggrins. On the contrary, abrogation of IL-20 subfamily signalling inIl20R2−/−animals resulted in attenuated experimental EoE reflected by reduced eosinophil infiltration, lower Th2 cytokine expression and preserved expression of filaggrins in the oesophagus. Mechanistically, these observations were mediated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK); extracellular-signal regulated kinases (ERK)1/2) pathway. Its blockade prevented epithelial barrier impairment in patient-derived air–liquid interface cultures stimulated with IL-20 cytokines and attenuated experimental EoE in mice.ConclusionOur findings reveal a previously unknown regulatory role of the IL-20 subfamily for oesophageal barrier function in the context of EoE. We propose that aberrant IL-20 subfamily signalling disturbs the oesophageal epithelial barrier integrity and promotes EoE development. Our study suggests that specific targeting of the IL-20 subfamily signalling pathway may present a novel strategy for the treatment of EoE.