bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat flux assumptions contribute to overestimation of wildfire smoke injection into the free troposphere
Authors: Thapa Laura H. , Ye Xinxin , Hair Johnathan W. , Fenn Marta A. , Shingler Taylor , Kondragunta Shobha , Ichoku Charles , Dominguez RoseAnne , Ellison Luke , Soja Amber J. , Gargulinski Emily , Ahmadov Ravan , James Eric , Grell Georg A. , Freitas Saulo R. , Pereira Gabriel , Saide Pablo E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInjections of wildfire smoke plumes into the free troposphere impact air quality, yet model forecasts of injections are poor. Here, we use aircraft observations obtained during the 2019 western US wildfires (FIREX-AQ) to evaluate a commonly used smoke plume rise parameterization in two atmospheric chemistry-transport models (WRF-Chem and HRRR-Smoke). Observations show that smoke injections into the free troposphere occur in 35% of plumes, whereas the models forecast 59–95% indicating false injections in the simulations. False injections were associated with both models overestimating fire heat flux and terrain height, and with WRF-Chem underestimating planetary boundary layer height. We estimate that the radiant fraction of heat flux is 0.5 to 25 times larger in models than in observations, depending on fuel type. Model performance was substantially improved by using observed heat flux and boundary layer heights, confirming that models need accurate heat fluxes and boundary layer heights to correctly forecast plume injections.
The premetazoan ancestry of the synaptic toolkit and appearance of first neurons
Authors: Colgren Jeffrey , Burkhardt Pawel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Neurons, especially when coupled with muscles, allow animals to interact with and navigate through their environment in ways unique to life on earth. Found in all major animal lineages except sponges and placozoans, nervous systems range widely in organization and complexity, with neurons possibly representing the most diverse cell-type. This diversity has led to much debate over the evolutionary origin of neurons as well as synapses, which allow for the directed transmission of information. The broad phylogenetic distribution of neurons and presence of many of the defining components outside of animals suggests an early origin of this cell type, potentially in the time between the first animal and the last common ancestor of extant animals. Here, we highlight the occurrence and function of key aspects of neurons outside of animals as well as recent findings from non-bilaterian animals in order to make predictions about when and how the first neuron(s) arose during animal evolution and their relationship to those found in extant lineages. With advancing technologies in single cell transcriptomics and proteomics as well as expanding functional techniques in non-bilaterian animals and the close relatives of animals, it is an exciting time to begin unraveling the complex evolutionary history of this fascinating animal cell type.
Functional amyloid in a lipid-like environment: a merry dance of many steps
Authors: Otzen Daniel E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Functional amyloid, which unlike its pathological counterpart serves a biological purpose, is produced in a carefully orchestrated sequence of events. In bacteria, the major amyloid component is transported over the periplasm and through the outer membrane to assemble on the bacterial cell surface. During its life time, the amyloid protein may be exposed to both membrane lipids and extracellular surfactant, making it relevant to study its interactions with these components in vitro. Particularly for charged surfactants, the interaction is quite complex and highly dependent on the surfactant:protein molar ratio. Low ratios typically promote aggregation, likely by binding the proteins to micelles and thus increasing the local concentration of proteins, while higher concentrations see an inhibition of the same process as the protein is diluted out and immobilized on individual micelles. This is particularly pronounced for strongly anionic surfactants like SDS; the naturally occurring biosurfactant rhamnolipid interacts more weakly with the protein, which still not only allows aggregation but also leads to less detrimental effects at higher ratios. Similarly, anionic vesicle-forming lipids largely stimulate aggregation likely because of weaker interactions. Anionic lysolipids, thanks to their micelle-forming properties, resemble SDS in their impact on fibrillation. There are also examples of systems where membrane binding sequesters an otherwise amyloidogenic sequence and prevents fibrillation or—quite the opposite— liberates another part of the protein to engage in self-assembly. Thus, membranes and surfactants have very varied roles to play in the biogenesis and function of bacterial amyloid.
Communication and Social Interaction Experiences of Youths With Congenital Motor Speech Disorders
Authors: Connaghan Kathryn P. , Baylor Carolyn , Romanczyk Megan , Rickwood Jessica , Bedell Gary 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to explore the communication and social interaction experiences of adolescents with congenital motor speech disorders due to cerebral palsy or Down syndrome, with the aim of identifying clinical and research needs to support the development and implementation of speech-language interventions.Method:Five male youths (ages 14–18 years) with congenital motor speech disorders and one of their parents participated in face-to-face, semistructured interviews designed to understand communication and social experiences in daily life. Interviews were audio-recorded and orthographically transcribed offline. Content was coded according to topic areas emerging in the data. Themes were developed to illustrate the most salient and representative aspects of participants' experiences according to the phenomenological tradition that recognizes that participants are experts in their “lived experience.”Results:Participants described the youths' day-to-day communication experiences, including facilitators and barriers to successful social interactions. Thematic analysis revealed three main themes: (a) strong core relationships amidst sparse, superficial interactions in daily life; (b) the complicated picture of why; and (c) how speech-language pathologists can help.Conclusions:Participants reported that the impact of congenital motor speech disorders on social interactions and experiences became more apparent in adolescence than in earlier childhood. Addressing communication challenges to meet the unique social demands of this period requires tailored interventions that target multiple contributing factors beyond speech impairment, such as social communication skills, negative communication partner attitudes, and participation opportunities. Shifting practice toward a life participation approach to communication intervention stands to substantially improve the long-term social outcomes of adolescents with motor speech disorders.
Distributed Bragg reflector lasers emitting between 696 and 712 nm
Authors: Wenzel Hans , Arar Bassem , Maaßdorf André , Fricke Jörg , Martin Dominik , Zink Christoph , Schiemangk Max , Wicht Andreas , Weyers Markus , Knigge Andrea 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe authors report on design, fabrication, and electro‐optical characterization of single‐frequency diode lasers emitting around 696, 707, and 712 nm. This has been achieved by a variation of the periods of the 10th order surface Bragg gratings implemented on a single epitaxial wafer. Depending on the wavelength, the devices achieved an optical output power of up to 60 mW at a current of 150 mA and spectral linewidths of about 400 kHz (full width at half maximum (FWHM)) and 20 kHz (Lorentzian).
Probe pulse design in Brillouin optical time‐domain reflectometry
Authors: Li Mupeng , Xu Tianhua , Wang Shuang , Hu Wenxiu , Jiang Junfeng , Liu Tiegen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBrillouin optical time‐domain reflectometry (BOTDR) is a branch of distributed fibre‐optic sensors, and it can measure the strain and the temperature information, localised by the return time of the probe pulse, along the fibre based on the spontaneous Brillouin scattering process. Parameters of the BOTDR system, including the spatial resolution, the signal‐to‐noise ratio, the measurement speed, and the sensing range, have a mutually restrictive relationship. In order to improve the performance of the BOTDR system, researchers have focussed on improving the design of the probe pulse, for example, transforming the shape, the sequence, and the spectral properties of the pulse. This study summarises the recent progress in the design of detection pulses in BOTDR systems, and comprehensively demonstrates the improvement effects of various pulse modulation formats on the system performance.
3D chemical structure of the diffuse turbulent interstellar medium
Authors: Godard B. , Pineau des Forêts G. , Hennebelle P. , Bellomi E. , Valdivia V. 
Published: October 2022

Aims. The high abundances of CH+ in the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) are a long-standing issue of our understanding of the thermodynamical and chemical states of the gas. We investigate here the formation of CH+ in turbulent and multiphase environments, where the heating of the gas is almost solely driven by the photoelectric effect.
Methods. The diffuse ISM is simulated using the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code RAMSES which self-consistently computes the dynamical and thermal evolution of the gas along with the time-dependent evolutions of the abundances of H+, H, and H2. The rest of the chemistry, including the abundance of CH+, is computed in post-processing, at equilibrium, under the constraint of out-of-equilibrium H+, H, and H2. The comparison with the observations is performed taking into account an often neglected yet paramount piece of information, namely the length of the intercepted diffuse matter along the observed lines of sight.
Results. Almost all of the mass of CH+ originates from unstable gas, in environments where the kinetic temperature is higher than 600 K, the density ranges between 0.6 and 10 cm−3, the electronic fraction ranges between 3 × 10−4 and 6 × 10−3, and the molecular fraction is smaller than 0.4. Its formation is driven by warm and out-of-equilibrium H2 initially formed in the cold neutral medium (CNM) and injected in more diffuse environments, and even the warm neutral medium (WNM) through a combination of advection and thermal instability. The simulation that displays the closest agreement with the HI-to-H2 transition and the thermal pressure distribution observed in the solar neighborhood is found to naturally reproduce the observed abundances of CH+, the dispersion of observations, the probability of occurrence of most of the lines of sight, the fraction of nondetections of CH+, and the distribution of its line profiles. The amount of CH+ and the statistical properties of the simulated lines of sight are set by the fraction of unstable gas rich in H2, which is controlled on Galactic scales by the mean density of the diffuse ISM (or, equivalently, its total mass), the amplitude of the mean UV radiation field, and the strength of the turbulent forcing.
Conclusions. This work offers a new and natural solution to an 80-yr-old chemical riddle. The almost ubiquitous presence of CH+ in the diffuse ISM likely results from the exchange of matter between the CNM and the WNM induced by the combination of turbulent advection and thermal instability, without the need to invoke ambipolar diffusion or regions of intermittent turbulent dissipation. Through two-phase turbulent mixing, CH+ might thus be a tracer of the H2 mass loss rate of CNM clouds.
Bewertung des Rotweinkonsums im Rahmen der mediterranen
Ernährung – Eine systematische Literaturanalyse
Authors: Seethaler Benjamin , Fuchs Mirjam , Schumacher Julia , Basrai Maryam , Kiechle Marion , Bischoff Stephan C. 
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die mediterrane Ernährung (MedE) zeigte in mehreren
Studien einen präventiven Effekt hinsichtlich Typ 2 Diabetes,
kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen und Tumorerkrankungen. Zur MedE wird in
der Regel ein mäßiger Konsum von Wein, speziell Rotwein,
empfohlen, dem selbst ein kardioprotektiver Effekt zugesprochen wird. Jedoch
zeigen zahlreiche Studien, dass schon kleine Mengen Alkohol das Krebsrisiko
erhöhen können. In der vorliegenden Arbeit soll eine
Übersicht zur aktuellen Datenlage zum Zusammenhang zwischen dem
Alkoholkonsum im Rahmen einer MedE, dem Krebsrisiko sowie dem Risiko für
kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen erstellt werden.
Methoden Im Rahmen einer systematischen Literaturrecherche in den
Datenbanken PubMed und Scopus wurde nach den Schlagwörtern
„diet, mediterranean“ und „alcohol drinking“
gesucht. Voraussetzung war, dass Angaben zur Art und Menge des konsumierten
Alkohols im Rahmen der MedE vorlagen.
Ergebnisse Die Umsetzung der MedE kann sowohl das Risiko
kardiometabolischer Erkrankungen als auch das Krebsrisiko u. a.
für Brustkrebs senken. Moderater Alkoholkonsum zeigt protektive Effekte
auf das Herz-Kreislauf-System, ist jedoch mit einem erhöhten Risiko
für diverse Krebserkrankungen assoziiert. Mehrere Studien beschreiben
eine Assoziation zwischen Alkoholkonsum und Brustkrebsinzidenz, wobei die
Ergebnisse zwischen den Studien nicht einheitlich waren. Dabei kommt dem
täglichen Glas Rotwein mit ca. 10–15 g Ethanol als
vorherrschendem alkoholischen Getränk der Mittelmeerregion eine
risikosenkende Wirkung zu.
Schlussfolgerung Moderater Konsum von Rotwein hat nach der vorliegenden
systematischen Literaturanalyse, anders als andere alkoholische
Getränke, einen protektiven Effekt auf kardiometabolische Erkrankungen
und möglicherweise auch auf genetisch bedingten Brustkrebs,
während der Konsum von anderen Alkoholgetränken die
schützende Wirkung einer MedE möglicherweise reduziert.
Ein ultrakurzer Test zur Erfassung von Sensation Seeking:
Psychometrische Evaluation der deutschen Version der Brief Sensation Seeking
Scale
(BSSS-4)
Authors: Müller Sascha , Spitzer Carsten , Wichardt Philipp , Kemper Fynn 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDas Persönlichkeitsmerkmal des Sensation Seeking (SS) spielt eine
prominente Rolle bei gesundheitsbezogenem Risikoverhalten und steht im
Zusammenhang mit Psychopathologie, Emotionsregulation und Delinquenz. Trotz
dieser hohen Relevanz existieren kaum ultrakurze, d. h.
anwendungsökonomische Selbstbeurteilungsverfahren zur orientierenden
Erfassung von SS. Eine Ausnahme stellt die aus vier Items bestehende Brief
Sensation Seeking Scale (BSSS-4) dar, die international zunehmend
Verbreitung findet. In dieser Studie wurde die deutsche Version der BSSS-4
erstmals an einer studentischen Stichprobe (N=419) psychometrisch
evaluiert. Ein eindimensionales konfirmatorisches Messmodell wies eine
adäquate Anpassungsgüte auf und die interne Konsistenz lag im
zufriedenstellenden Bereich (ω=0,73). Als erste Hinweise auf
eine adäquate Konstruktvalidität fanden sich hypothesenkonform
Assoziationen der BSSS-4 mit dem männlichen Geschlecht,
selbsteingeschätzter Risikobereitschaft und Risikoverhalten
(operationalisiert über ein lotteriebasiertes Verhaltensparadigma),
jedoch erwartungsgemäß nicht mit aktueller
Depressivität. Die Prüfung der Messinvarianz für
Männer und Frauen mittels Multigruppen-CFA legte nahe, dass für
die BSSS-4 von partiell skalarer Messinvarianz ausgegangen werden kann, sofern
auf Gleichheitsrestriktionen für Ladungen und Intercepts von Item 1
verzichtet wird. Angesichts ihrer zunehmenden internationalen Verbreitung kann
die deutsche Fassung der BSSS-4 insgesamt empfohlen werden: Für ein
ultrakurzes Instrument ist sie ausreichend intern konsistent und vermutlich
geeignet für Geschlechtsvergleiche. Diesbezüglich ergaben sich
jedoch Hinweise darauf, dass für die Facette Experience Seeking
geschlechtsabhängige Unterschiede in den Messeigenschaften bestehen
könnten. Angesichts bisher ungenügend rigoroser
teststatistischer Überprüfungen von Instrumenten zur Erfassung
von SS sind entsprechende Ergebnisse von Vergleichen zwischen Frauen und
Männern dahingehend möglicherweise mit Vorsicht zu
genießen.
Impact of changing diagnostic criteria on the diagnosis of serrated polyposis syndrome
Authors: McWhinney Connor D. , Lahr Rachel E. , Lee Christopher J. , El-Rahyel Ahmed , Rex Douglas K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims The World Health Organization criteria for serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS) were established in 2010 and modified in 2019. Neither set of criteria have been validated against genetic markers or proven to be the optimal criteria for defining colorectal cancer risk in patients with serrated colorectal lesions. In this study, we sought to gain insight into how frequently the change in SPS criteria in 2019 impacted the diagnosis of SPS.
Patients and methods We reviewed 279 patients with SPS diagnosed between 2010 and 2019 using the 2010 criteria (n = 163) or since 2019 using the 2019 criteria (n = 116). We reviewed whether patients in each group met the diagnosis of SPS by the alternative criteria.
Results Of those diagnosed using 2010 criteria, 5.5 % did not meet 2019 criteria. Of those diagnosed by 2019 criteria, 10.3 % did not meet 2010 criteria.
Conclusions Most patients with SPS in our database met the diagnosis of SPS by both 2010 and 2019 criteria, with only 5 % to 10 % of patients in each cohort not meeting the alternative diagnostic criteria.
Effectiveness of Management of Skeletal Class III Malocclusion during Primary, Mixed, and Permanent Dentition Period – A Literature Review
Authors: Usman Amina , Hegde Amitha M. , Shetty Rajmohan , R. Manju 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSkeletal class III malocclusion is one of the most challenging conditions in clinical dental practice. Various treatment options are available for the management of the condition such as reverse twin block appliance, facemask appliance, chin cup therapy, bone anchorage maxillary protraction device, and tandem traction bow appliance. However, treatment timing is controversial. There are various advantages and disadvantages following the correction of skeletal class III malocclusion during primary, mixed and permanent dentition period. Hence, this review aims to compile the available literature regarding the effectiveness of correction of skeletal class III malocclusion during primary, mixed, and permanent dentition.
Breastfeeding—An Essential Newborn Nutrient
Authors: Nayak Sabitha , Fernandes Philomena 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBreastfeeding is an art/skill. Globally, it is gaining a steady prominence as World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) have specified exclusive breastfeeding for the initial half year. They have likewise offered significance to initiation of breastfeeding within half an hour to 1 hour after birth that has a critical effect on the developing infant as the colostrum in the breast milk supports immunity in the developing baby and newborn child, following birth helps in invigorating the posterior pituitary, release of Oxytocin and thus helps in uterine contraction and forestalls postpartum hemorrhage in postnatal mothers.Analysis of data from 123 countries shows that babies are breastfed at some point in their lives. However, the rate shifts between low-income, middle-income and high-income countries. It is evaluated that in low- and middle-income countries, approximately 4% of children are never breastfed, while in high-income countries it is 21%. As indicated by the WHO, in excess of 20 million infants are born weighing under 2.5 kg and unfortunately developing nations are facing the brunt of this.One of the WHO Global Targets 2025 is to increase the rate of exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months up to at least 50% to improve maternal, infant, and young child nutrition. Unfortunately, only 38% of infants aged 0 to 6 months are exclusively breastfed globally.Numerous factors contribute to produce a positive situation for breastfeeding. Within the health care organizations, mothers need information and support to breastfeed immediately after birth and beyond. Indeed, studies have discovered that implementation of breastfeeding interventions within the health care organizations and community can possibly expand the rates by 2.5 times.In India, government has implemented 6 months maternity leave that benefit many working mothers to exclusive breast feed their newborns.Breastfed children perform better intelligence tests, and are less likely to be overweight and diabetic in later life. If the breastfeeding rate improves in compared to the current rates, then additional 20,000 deaths can be prevented due to breast and ovarian cancer. Studies have found that exclusive breastfeeding can have influence on development of milestones. An ability that a child must achieve by a certain age is developmental milestone. The milestones can be physical, social, emotional, cognitive and communication skills like walking, sharing, expressing emotions, identifying familiar sounds, and talking.·
Screen Time and Its Association with Body Adiposity and Hypertension among the School-Going Adolescents of Manipur, Northeast India
Authors: Singh Aheibam Robertson , Devi Leiphrakpam Roma , Devi Chingangbam Basanti , Chanu Salam Leishembi , Singh Laitonjam Greatson , Meitei Sanjenbam Yaiphaba 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objectives The objective of the study was to examine the association of screen time with body adiposity and hypertension among the school-going adolescents of Manipur.
Methods Data were collected from 728 school-going adolescents of both sexes aged between 15 and 19 years. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and self-response to screen time were collected. Chi-squared test and odds ratio were done to check the association between screen time and overweight/obesity and hypertension.
Results About 78.8% of males spent less than or equal to 6 hours at the screen, while 21.3% spent more than 6 hours at the screen. Eighty-six percent of females spent less than or equal to 6 hours at the screen, and 14% spent more than 6 hours at the screen. Chi-squared analysis shows a significant association between abdominal obesity (waist circumference, WC) and screen time in males (p < 0.05), while no association is observed in females. However, screen time shows no correlation with body mass index, weight-to-height ratio, and hypertension.
Conclusion This study highlights a high percentage of adolescents engaged in longer screen time, more than 6 hours. Furthermore, the study put forth the association of abdominal obesity as measured by WC with the screen time among the adolescents of Manipur. Longer screen time may deteriorate adolescents' health status as it reduces physical activity time.
Calcifying Pseudoneoplasm of the Neuraxis Presenting with Vasogenic Edema and a Perilesional Cyst
Authors: Gamblin Austin , Gropp Jarom , Fredrickson Vance L. , Baradaran Hediyeh , Couldwell William T. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCalcifying pseudoneoplasms of the neuraxis (CAPNONs) are uncommon benign lesions that are rarely diagnosed radiographically. We report an unusual case of a left middle cerebellar peduncle CAPNON with vasogenic edema and a perilesional cyst. The patient was a 36-year-old woman with a 20-year history of left-sided hearing loss that had recently progressed. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed a heterogenous calcified lesion with vasogenic edema and a perilesional cyst in the left middle cerebellar peduncle. Although it is a rare radiographic feature of CAPNON, vasogenic edema should be included as a possible feature of this uncommon tumefactive lesion.