bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth response and mycoremediation of heavy metals by fungus Pleurotus sp.
Authors: Mohamadhasani Fereshteh , Rahimi Mehdi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHeavy metal contamination (HMs) in water and soil is the most serious problem caused by industrial and mining processes and other human activities. Mycoremediation is a biotechnology that employs fungi to remove toxic contaminants from the environment in an efficient and cost-effective manner. Pleurotus spp. have been shown to either increase plant growth on metal-contaminated soils by providing more nutrients or by reducing metal toxicity. Pleurotus species (J. Lange), a mushroom that can be eaten, has been observed growing on plantations of wood trees in Kerman's orchards. P. sp. was the subject of this study, which examined the effects of different concentrations of various heavy metals Cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu), and Nickel (Ni) (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 mg/L) on fungal colony diameters, mycelial dry weights, accumulation of heavy metals, and antioxidative enzymes. The findings revealed that P. sp. was more tolerant of Co than other metals, so the fungus grew more in the presence of low concentrations of Co and Cu. However, even at concentrations as low as 15 mg/L, Ni greatly inhibited the growth of biomass and colony diameter. Heavy metals increased the activity of superoxide dismutases (SOD) and catalase (CAT) up to 45 mg/L, but an increase in metal concentration above 45 mg/L resulted in a significant decrease in SOD. Metals in mycelium also increased as the concentrations of these heavy metals increased.
Relaxation electrodynamics of superinsulators
Authors: Mironov A. , Diamantini M. C. , Trugenberger C. A. , Vinokur V. M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSuperinsulators offer a unique laboratory realizing strong interaction phenomena like confinement and asymptotic freedom in quantum materials. Recent experiments evidenced that superinsulators are the mirror-twins of superconductors with reversed electric and magnetic field effects. Cooper pairs and Cooper holes in the superinsulator are confined into neutral electric pions by electric strings, with the Cooper pairs playing the role of quarks. Here we report the non-equilibrium relaxation of the electric pions in superinsulating films. We find that the time delay $$t_{\mathrm {sh}}$$

t
sh

of the current passage in the superinsulator is related to the applied voltage V via the power law, $$t_{\mathrm {sh}}\propto (V-V_{\mathrm p})^{-\mu }$$

t
sh

∝

(
V
-

V
p

)

-
μ

, where $$V_{\mathrm p}$$

V
p

is the effective threshold voltage. Two distinct critical exponents, $$\mu =1/2$$

μ
=
1
/
2

and $$\mu =3/4$$

μ
=
3
/
4

, correspond to jumps from the electric Meissner state to the mixed state and to the superinsulating resistive state with broken charge confinement, respectively. The $$\mu =1/2$$

μ
=
1
/
2

value establishes a direct experimental evidence for the electric strings’ linear potential confining the charges of opposite signs in the electric Meissner state and effectively rules out disorder-induced localization as a mechanism for superinsulation. We further report the memory effects and their corresponding dynamic critical exponents arising upon the sudden reversal of the applied voltage. Our observations open routes for exploring fundamental strong interaction charge confinement via desktop experiments.
Strong anti-viral nano biocide based on Ag/ZnO modified by amodiaquine as an antibacterial and antiviral composite
Authors: Dolatyari Mahboubeh , Rostami Ali 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we synthesized Ag/ZnO composite colloidal nanoparticles and the surface of nanoparticles was improved by amodiaquine ligand. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using the XRD diffraction pattern, FT-IR Spectroscopy, TEM image, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral effects of the synthesized colloid were examined on E.coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus hirae bacteria, and Candida Albicans and form spore aspergillus fungi, also influenza, herpes simplex, and covid 19 viruses. The results indicate more than 7 log removal of the bacteria, fungi, and viruses by synthesized colloid with a concentration of 15 μg/L (Ag)/50 µg/ml (ZnO). This removal for covid 19 virus is from 3.2 × 108 numbers to 21 viruses within 30 s. Also, irritation and toxicity tests of the synthesized colloid show harmless effects on human cells and tissues. These colloidal nanoparticles were used as mouthwash solution and their clinical tests were done on 500 people infected by the coronavirus. The results indicate that by washing their mouth and nose three times on day all patients got healthy at different times depending on the depth of the disease. Almost all people with no signs of infection and using this solution as a mouthwash didn’t infect by the virus during the study.
Evolution and morphology of a contourite depositional system based on new evidence from 3D-seismic data offshore Madagascar (Paleogene, Morondava Basin)
Authors: Hernández-Molina F. Javier , Tari Gabor , Scarselli Nicola , Raharisolofo Hoby , Rahajarivelo Sophie F. , Kirby Adam , de Weger Wouter , Llave Estefania , Mergnat Adrien 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNumerous bottom current-controlled depositional and erosional features, which together form Contourite Depositional Systems (CDS), have been recognized in deep-water settings over the past decade. Most of these systems are described based on two-dimensional (2D) seismic data, whereas only a few CDS have been characterised from high-resolution 3D data. Here we document a newly identified CDS that formed during the Paleocene within the Morondava Basin, offshore west Madagascar, through analysis of a depth-migrated 3D seismic survey, enhanced by the implementation of seismic attributes. Three seismic units (SU) mark the main evolutionary stages of the CDS: (a) the onset (SU1), (b) drift growth (SU2), and (c) burial (SU3) stages. The growth stage documents lateral upslope migration of a mounded drift and its associated moat. The increasing, long-term influence of bottom currents along the foot of the slope occurred simultaneously with plate tectonic, climatic and oceanographic changes. Evidence amassed from the CDS highly erosive bounding discontinuities, internal discontinuities, and moat architecture all indicate the intermittent behaviour of the currents over shorter time frames during its formation. Drift deposits form under the influence of weaker currents, while discontinuities appear to record the most vigorous currents, producing the large-scale morphology of the system.
Secondary organic aerosol formation from mixed volatile organic compounds: Effect of RO2 chemistry and precursor concentration
Authors: Chen Tianzeng , Zhang Peng , Chu Biwu , Ma Qingxin , Ge Yanli , Liu Jun , He Hong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSecondary organic aerosol (SOA) plays a significant role in contributing to atmospheric fine particles, as well as in global air quality and climate. However, the current understanding of the atmospheric formation of SOA and its simulation is still highly uncertain due to the complexity of its precursor VOCs. In our study, SOA formation in different mixed VOC scenarios was investigated using a 30 m3 indoor smog chamber. By comparing SOA formation in individual VOC scenarios, it was found that SOA yield from anthropogenic VOCs (AVOCs) can be positively (+83.9%) affected by coexisting AVOCs, while inhibited (−51.4%) by the presence of isoprene, via the OH scavenging effect. The cross-reactions of peroxyl radical (RO2) generated from different AVOCs were proved to be the main contributor (up to 39.0%) to SOA formation, highlighting the importance of RO2 + RʹO2 reactions in mixed VOC scenarios. Meanwhile, the formation of gas-phase organic intermediates of different volatility categories from the RO2 reactions was also affected by the precursor concentration, and a higher SOA yield was found at lower precursor concentrations due to the larger contribution of intermediates with lower volatility. Our study provides new insights into SOA formation by considering the interactions between intermediate products from mixed VOCs.
Exciton spectroscopy and unidirectional transport in MoSe2-WSe2 lateral heterostructures encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Beret Dorian , Paradisanos Ioannis , Lamsaadi Hassan , Gan Ziyang , Najafidehaghani Emad , George Antony , Lehnert Tibor , Biskupek Johannes , Kaiser Ute , Shree Shivangi , Estrada-Real Ana , Lagarde Delphine , Marie Xavier , Renucci Pierre , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Weber Sébastien , Paillard Vincent , Lombez Laurent , Poumirol Jean-Marie , Turchanin Andrey , Urbaszek Bernhard 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChemical vapor deposition (CVD) allows lateral edge epitaxy of transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures. Critical for carrier and exciton transport is the material quality and the nature of the lateral heterojunction. Important details of the optical properties were inaccessible in as-grown heterostructure samples due to large inhomogeneous broadening of the optical transitions. Here we perform optical spectroscopy of CVD grown MoSe2-WSe2 lateral heterostructures, encapsulated in hBN. Photoluminescence (PL), reflectance contrast and Raman spectroscopy reveal optical transition linewidths similar to high quality exfoliated monolayers, while PL imaging experiments uncover the effective excitonic diffusion length of both materials. The typical extent of the covalently bonded MoSe2-WSe2 heterojunctions is 3 nm measured by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Tip-enhanced, sub-wavelength optical spectroscopy mapping shows the high quality of the heterojunction which acts as an excitonic diode resulting in unidirectional exciton transfer from WSe2 to MoSe2.
Mito-SiPE is a sequence-independent and PCR-free mtDNA enrichment method for accurate ultra-deep mitochondrial sequencing
Authors: Walsh Darren J. , Bernard David J. , Pangilinan Faith , Esposito Madison , Harold Denise , Parle-McDermott Anne , Brody Lawrence C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe analysis of somatic variation in the mitochondrial genome requires deep sequencing of mitochondrial DNA. This is ordinarily achieved by selective enrichment methods, such as PCR amplification or probe hybridization. These methods can introduce bias and are prone to contamination by nuclear-mitochondrial sequences (NUMTs), elements that can introduce artefacts into heteroplasmy analysis. We isolated intact mitochondria using differential centrifugation and alkaline lysis and subjected purified mitochondrial DNA to a sequence-independent and PCR-free method to obtain ultra-deep (>80,000X) sequencing coverage of the mitochondrial genome. This methodology avoids false-heteroplasmy calls that occur when long-range PCR amplification is used for mitochondrial DNA enrichment. Previously published methods employing mitochondrial DNA purification did not measure mitochondrial DNA enrichment or utilise high coverage short-read sequencing. Here, we describe a protocol that yields mitochondrial DNA and have quantified the increased level of mitochondrial DNA post-enrichment in 7 different mouse tissues. This method will enable researchers to identify changes in low frequency heteroplasmy without introducing PCR biases or NUMT contamination that are incorrectly identified as heteroplasmy when long-range PCR is used.
Magnetoencephalography recordings reveal the spatiotemporal dynamics of recognition memory for complex versus simple auditory sequences
Authors: Fernández-Rubio Gemma , Brattico Elvira , Kotz Sonja A. , Kringelbach Morten L. , Vuust Peter , Bonetti Leonardo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAuditory recognition is a crucial cognitive process that relies on the organization of single elements over time. However, little is known about the spatiotemporal dynamics underlying the conscious recognition of auditory sequences varying in complexity. To study this, we asked 71 participants to learn and recognize simple tonal musical sequences and matched complex atonal sequences while their brain activity was recorded using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Results reveal qualitative changes in neural activity dependent on stimulus complexity: recognition of tonal sequences engages hippocampal and cingulate areas, whereas recognition of atonal sequences mainly activates the auditory processing network. Our findings reveal the involvement of a cortico-subcortical brain network for auditory recognition and support the idea that stimulus complexity qualitatively alters the neural pathways of recognition memory.
Keratin-mediated hair growth and its underlying biological mechanism
Authors: An Seong Yeong , Kim Hyo-Sung , Kim So Yeon , Van Se Young , Kim Han Jun , Lee Jae-Hyung , Han Song Wook , Kwon Il Keun , Lee Chul-Kyu , Do Sun Hee , Hwang Yu-Shik 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHere we show that intradermal injection of keratin promotes hair growth in mice, which results from extracellular interaction of keratin with hair forming cells. Extracellular application of keratin induces condensation of dermal papilla cells and the generation of a P-cadherin-expressing cell population (hair germ) from outer root sheath cells via keratin-mediated microenvironmental changes. Exogenous keratin-mediated hair growth is reflected by the finding that keratin exposure from transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGFβ2)-induced apoptotic outer root sheath cells appears to be critical for dermal papilla cell condensation and P-cadherin-expressing hair germ formation. Immunodepletion or downregulation of keratin released from or expressed in TGFβ2-induced apoptotic outer root sheath cells negatively influences dermal papilla cell condensation and hair germ formation. Our pilot study provides an evidence on initiating hair regeneration and insight into the biological function of keratin exposed from apoptotic epithelial cells in tissue regeneration and development.
Surface modifications of eight-electron palladium silver superatomic alloys
Authors: Barik Subrat Kumar , Chen Chih-Yuan , Chiu Tzu-Hao , Ni Yu-Rong , Gam Franck , Chantrenne Isaac , Kahlal Samia , Saillard Jean-Yves , Liu C. W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAtomically precise thiolate-protected coinage metal nanoclusters and their alloys are far more numerous than their selenium congeners, the synthesis of which remains extremely challenging. Herein, we report the synthesis of a series of atomically defined dithiophosph(in)ate protected eight-electron superatomic palladium silver nanoalloys [PdAg20{S2PR2}12], 2a–c (where R = OiPr, a; OiBu, b; Ph, c) via ligand exchange and/or co-reduction methods. The ligand exchange reaction on [PdAg20{S2P(OnPr)2}12], 1, with [NH4{Se2PR2}12] (where R = OiPr, or OnPr) leads to the formation of [PdAg20{Se2P(OiPr)2}12] (3) and [PdAg20{Se2P(OnPr)2}12] (4), respectively. Solid state structures of 2a, 2b, 3 and 4 unravel different PdAg20 metal frameworks from their parent cluster, originating from the different distributions of the eight-capping silver(I) atoms around a Pd@Ag12 centered icosahedron with C2,D3,Th and Th symmetries, respectively. Surprisingly ambient temperature crystallization of the reaction product 3 obtained by the ligand exchange reaction on 1 has resulted in the co-crystallization of two isomers in the unit cell with overall T (3a) and C3 (3b) symmetries, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first ever characterized isomeric pair among the selenolate-protected NCs. Density functional theory (DFT) studies further rationalize the preferred geometrical isomerism of the PdAg20 core.
Modeling the dynamics and spatial heterogeneity of city growth
Authors: Reia Sandro M. , Rao P. Suresh C. , Ukkusuri Satish V. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe propose a systems model for urban population growth dynamics, disaggregated at the county scale, to explicitly acknowledge inter and intra-city movements. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of cities are well captured by the model parameters estimated from empirical data for 2005–2019 domestic migration in the U.S. for 46 large cities. Model parameters are narrowly dispersed over time, and migration flows are well-reproduced using time-averaged values. The spatial distribution of population density within cities can be approximated by negative exponential functions, with exponents varying among cities, but invariant over the period considered. The analysis of the rank-shift dynamics for the 3100+ counties shows that the most and least dense counties have the lowest probability of shifting ranks, as expected for ‘closed’ systems. Using synthetic rank lists of different lengths, we find that counties shift ranks gradually via diffusive dynamics, similar to other complex systems.
Slab-derived fluid storage in the crust elucidated by earthquake swarm
Authors: Mukuhira Yusuke , Uno Masaoki , Yoshida Keisuke 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSlab-derived fluids control crustal dynamics in the subduction zone. However, the slab-derived fluid budget has never been quantified beyond a geophysical and geological spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we target an intense earthquake swarm associated with the M9 Tohoku earthquake, which represented the critical dynamic behavior of slab-derived fluid. The fluid volume involved has been quantified, with a plausible range of 106−108 m3, by utilizing injection-induced seismicity insights. Comparisons with geological proxies suggest that the estimated fluid volume can be accumulated via supply from the lower crust within 102–104 y. Our study demonstrated such amount of aqueous fluid stored at the midcrustal level, which triggered consecutive swarm activity for ~2 y with the Tohoku earthquake, suggesting a possible link between earthquake swarms to M9 class earthquakes (103 y cycle) and mineral veins and deposits. This study has shed light on the quantitative understanding of the dynamic slab-derived fluid budget.
Influence of short and long term processes on SAR11 communities in open ocean and coastal systems
Authors: Bolaños Luis M , Tait Karen , Somerfield Paul J , Parsons Rachel J , Giovannoni Stephen J , Smyth Timothy , Temperton Ben 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
SAR11 bacteria dominate the surface ocean and are major players in converting fixed carbon back to atmospheric carbon dioxide. The SAR11 clade is comprised of niche-specialized ecotypes that display distinctive spatiotemporal transitions. We analyzed SAR11 ecotype seasonality in two long-term 16S rRNA amplicon time series representing different North Atlantic regimes: the Sargasso Sea (subtropical ocean-gyre; BATS) and the temperate coastal Western English Channel (WEC). Using phylogenetically resolved amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), we evaluated seasonal environmental constraints on SAR11 ecotype periodicity. Despite large differences in temperature and nutrient availability between the two sites, at both SAR11 succession was defined by summer and winter clusters of ASVs. The summer cluster was dominated by ecotype Ia.3 in both sites. Winter clusters were dominated by ecotypes Ib and IIa.A at BATS and Ia.1 and IIa.B at WEC. A 2-year weekly analysis within the WEC time series showed that the response of SAR11 communities to short-term environmental fluctuations was variable. In 2016, community shifts were abrupt and synchronized to environmental shifts. However, in 2015, changes were gradual and decoupled from environmental fluctuations, likely due to increased mixing from strong winds. We demonstrate that interannual weather variability disturb the pace of SAR11 seasonal progression.
LSUnetMix: Fuse channel feature information with long–short term memory
Authors: Yuan Chao , Wang Yanbo , Xiao Yunxuan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMedical image segmentation based on deep learning is becoming popular. To improve the segmentation accuracy of medical images such as cells and vessels, we propose the LSUnetMix model, which can effectively enhance the ability to extract channel information and capture image details better. It surpasses both traditional and latest models on medical datasets. This model is mainly based on Unet, and three modules have been added. The first is the Channel Information Transmission module, which uses long–short term memory to get the sequential features of layers and unidirectionally transfer the channel information of the upper layer to the lower layer, which combines multiple layers of information while avoiding information redundancy. The second is the Prospect Enhancement module, which activates the channel information of the image and enhances the ability to recognise the segmentation targets. The third is the Multiscale Dilated Convolution module, which uses multi‐scale dilated convolution to strengthen the ability and to extract the image details. After experiments, their model performs best on GlaS and MoNuseg datasets, which can segment image details better and avoid redundant information, and the Dice coefficient reaches 91.92% on GlaS and 81.8% on MoNuSeg.
Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles in the fruiting body of enoki mushrooms (Flammulina velutipes) under Pb2+ induction
Authors: Mo Jingang , Jin Jun , Yu Han , Ai Mingjun , Hu Die , Li Linlin , Song Kai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFungi can produce many compounds, such as proteins, enzymes, amino acids, and polysaccharides, which are internalised and enriched for metals, and are widely used as reducing and stabilising agents for the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). Almost all fungal sources used in the synthesis of the Au NPs are in the form of cell filtrates or mycelial suspensions. However, the culture of cell‐free fungal filtrate and mycelium is not comparable to the propagation of fungal substrates in input and operation. Here, we evaluated in vivo biosynthesis of Au NPs in enoki mushrooms (Flammulina velutipes). HAuCl4 was reduced in the fruiting body of the enoki mushrooms via induction by Pb2+, resulting in the generation of Au NPs. We then employed UV‐Vis absorption spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscope, and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer to characterise various shapes of the Au NPs. The elemental analysis indicated that the Au NPs were mainly concentrated in organelles of the stalk and cap cells. We also demonstrated that 0.3–0.5 mM HAuCl4 was the optimal stress treatment concentration based on the changes in physiological indicators of the enoki mushrooms. This work reveals that fungi can be utilised well as nanomaterial bioreactors.
An interleaved non‐isolated high gain soft switching DC–DC converter with small input current ripple
Authors: Abbasian Sohrab , Farsijani Mohammad , Tavakoli Bina Mohammad , Abrishamifar Adib , Hosseini Arya , Shahirinia Amir 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article suggests a non‐isolated high step‐up interleaved DC–DC topology for renewable energy applications. Two three‐winding coupled‐inductors along with two voltage multiplier cells are used to enhance the voltage gain significantly. One interesting aspect of this new topology is that high duty cycles are not required to achieve high voltage gains; this is done by adjusting the turn ratio of the coupled inductors. Moreover, the presented interleaved converter enjoys not only having less current stress due to the interleaving structure, but also showing 16% increase in voltage gain compared to the best similar boost topologies. Additional elements are designed for the purpose of soft switching and gain increase, which have little effect on the cost, weight and size of the proposed converter. Interestingly, the voltage stresses both on the switching devices and passive elements are much less than the output voltage. Furthermore, the coupled inductor's leakage inductance energy is recovered by employing a passive clamp circuit to minimize stresses across the semiconductors; therefore, efficiency is improved. The suggested converter is analyzed in the steady state, and a 400 W experimental setup was implemented; the outcomes verify the practicality of the proposed boost converter in accordance with the analysis.