bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
C‐H Activation of 2‐Arylbenzoxazinones in Aqueous Medium: Synthesis of Fused Isoindolinones Using a Heterogeneous Magnetic Pd‐Catalyst
Authors: Patra Debabrata , Saha Amit 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe have developed a C−H activation protocol of 2‐arylbenzoxazinones in aqueous medium under open aerial atmosphere at close to room temperature (40 °C) using magnetic Pd‐catalyst. 2‐Arylbenzoxazinones react with phenylglyoxylic acidsviadecarboxylative C−H acylation followed by cyclization reaction to produce the isoindolinone compounds. The reaction can be arrested at the intermediate step to obtain theortho‐acylated derivative at a certain lower temperature. The heterogeneous Pd‐catalyst is easy to separate magnetically and shows good recyclability.
Five Triisopropylsilyl Substituents in Ara‐β‐(1→2)‐Ara Disaccharide Glycosyl Donor Make Unselective Glycosylation Reaction Stereoselective
Authors: Abronina Polina I. , Malysheva Nelly N. , Stepanova Elena V. , Shvyrkina Julia S. , Zinin Alexander I. , Kononov Leonid O. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFormation of 1,2‐trans‐arabinofuranoside linkage in arabinans fromMycobacterium tuberculosisusing differently protected Ara‐β‐(1→2)‐Ara disaccharide glycosyl donors in the absence of a participating group at O‐2 was studied. The influence of the nature of the protective and leaving groups in glycosyl donors on the efficiency and stereoselectivity of the 1,2‐trans‐arabinofuranosylation was investigated. The efficiency of Ara‐β‐(1→2)‐Arap‐tolyl thioglycoside containing five triisopropylsilyl groups in 1,2‐trans‐stereoselective synthesis of a protected tetrasaccharide corresponding to a fragment of theM. tuberculosisarabinan was shown for the first time. On the contrary, the use of glycosyl donors based on Ara‐β‐(1→2)‐Ara containing only benzoyl or both silyl and benzoyl groups led to the loss of stereocontrol.
Entropy optimization analysis of Marangoni convective flow over a rotating disk moving vertically with an inclined magnetic field and nonuniform heat source
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Sharma Kushal 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe present study investigates the Marangoni convective fluid flow over a rotating disk with an inclined magnetic field and in the presence of a nonuniform heat source when the disk moves upward/downward with nonconstant velocity with the incorporation of the second law of thermodynamics. The Keller‐box method is applied to the reduced system of equations to draw graphical illustrations. The study of these illustrations to examine the effects of involved pertinent parameters, like, magnetic field, Marangoni number, angle of inclination, vertical disk movement parameter, heat source, and disk rotation, on velocity and temperature profiles, reveals some interesting findings. From the analysis, it can be concluded that the skin friction coefficient increases with more angle of inclination and the Marangoni number with the reverse trend in case of vertical disk movement. Also, the Marangoni number and vertical disk motion diminish the Nusselt number with a positive effect in the case of more angle of inclination. The rate of entropy generation is enhanced with the temperature ratio parameter while it diminishes with the inclined magnetic field of any strength. The current study in its reduced form is in excellent agreement with earlier published work to ensure the validity of the used numerical scheme.
Intra‐amniotic umbilical vein varix: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Nasser Basel H. , Hamid Daher , Zakharian Yacoub , Jadaon Jimmy E. 
Published: November 2022

SynopsisAn umbilical vein varix is a rare fetal condition and is defined as a focal dilatation of the umbilical vein.
Intragroup contact with other mothers living in the same neighborhood benefits mothers' life satisfaction: The mediating role of group identification and social support
Authors: Seppälä Tuija , Riikonen Reetta , Stevenson Clifford , Paajanen Paula , Repo Katja , Finell Eerika 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBecoming a mother is often accompanied by a loss of social connections, which can reduce the availability of social support. This can increase maternal stress with negative health outcomes. Therefore, we examined how mothers' social contact with other mothers living in the same neighborhood can form a compensative source of social support and wellbeing. Data was collected from mothers (N = 443) of a child under school age while visiting the public maternity and child health clinics located in two neighborhoods in Helsinki, Finland. We found that mothers' frequent and positive contact with other local mothers was positively related with their life satisfaction through identification‐based social support. Contact also had a specific indirect effect on life satisfaction through social support. Frequent positive contact with other local mothers can serve to scaffold the emergence of social identification, which in turn unlocks further social support with positive health effects.
Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome and functional abdominal pain disorders in children with inflammatory bowel disease in remission
Authors: Limbri Lydia F , Wilson Thomas G , Oliver Mark R 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDespite evidence of an increased prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) compared with the general population, the prevalence of IBS in children with IBD is unclear. In this review, we aimed to identify the reported prevalence of IBS or functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) in children with IBD in remission. A search of three databases (MEDLINE, Embase, and PubMed) was performed to identify studies reporting the prevalence of IBS or FAPDs in pediatric patients with IBD in remission. A total of 60 studies were identified, with four eligible studies remaining following abstract screening. In children with IBD in remission, the overall prevalence of IBS ranged between 3.9 and 16.1%, and the overall prevalence of FAPDs ranged between 9.6 and 29.5%. The prevalence of FAPDs in patients in biomarker‐based remission was generally higher than those in clinical remission (range 16–22.5% vs 9.6–16.7%, respectively). There is a paucity of literature reporting on the prevalence of IBS or FAPDs in children with IBD in remission. Despite the differences in criteria used to define IBD remission in the included articles, there seems to be an increased overall prevalence of IBS or FAPDs in children with IBD.
Evidence of An Association Between Cerebral Blood Flow and Microstructural Integrity in Normative Aging Using a Holistic MRI Approach
Authors: Kiely Matthew , Triebswetter Curtis , Gong Zhaoyuan , Laporte John P. , Faulkner Mary E. , Akhonda Mohammad A. B. S. , Alsameen Maryam H. , Spencer Richard G. , Bouhrara Mustapha 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundCerebral tissue integrity decline and cerebral blood flow (CBF) alteration are major aspects of motor and cognitive dysfunctions and neurodegeneration. However, little is known about the association between blood flow and brain microstructural integrity, especially in normal aging.PurposeTo assess the association between CBF and cerebral microstructural integrity.Study TypeCross sectional.PopulationA total of 94 cognitively unimpaired adults (mean age 50.7 years, age range between 22 and 88 years, 56 Men).Field Strength/SequenceA 3 T; pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), Bayesian Monte Carlo analysis of multicomponent driven equilibrium steady‐state observation of T1 and T2 (BMC‐mcDESPOT).AssessmentLobar associations between CBF derived from pCASL, and longitudinal relaxation rate (R1), transverse relaxation rate (R2) and myelin water fraction (MWF) derived from BMC‐mcDESPOT, or radial diffusivity (RD), axial diffusivity (AxD), mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) derived from DTI were assessed.Statistical TestsMultiple linear regression models were used using the mean region of interest (ROI) values for MWF, R1, R2, FA, MD, RD, or AxD as the dependent variable and CBF, age, age2, and sex as the independent variables. A two‐sided P value of <0.05 defined statistical significance.ResultsR1, R2, MWF, FA, MD, RD, and AxD parameters were associated with CBF in most of the cerebral regions evaluated. Specifically, higher CBF values were significantly associated with higher FA, MWF, R1 and R2, or lower MD, RD and AxD values.Data ConclusionThese findings suggest that cerebral tissue microstructure may be impacted by global brain perfusion, adding further evidence to the intimate relationship between cerebral blood supply and cerebral tissue integrity.Evidence Level4Technical EfficacyStage 4
Postexposure‐vaccine‐prophylaxis against COVID‐19
Authors: Shmuelian Zohar , Warszawer Yehuda , Or Omri , Arbel‐Alon Sagit , Giladi Hilla , Avgil Tsadok Meytal , Cohen Roy , Shefer Galit , Shlomi Dekel , Hoshen Moshe , Maruotti Antonello , Jona‐Lasinio Giovanna , Galun Eithan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, postexposure‐vaccine‐prophylaxis is not a practice. Following exposure, only patient isolation is imposed. Moreover, no therapeutic prevention approach is applied. We asked whether evidence exists for reduced mortality rate following postexposure‐vaccine‐prophylaxis. To estimate the effectiveness of postexposure‐vaccine‐prophylaxis, we obtained data from the Israeli Ministry of Health registry. The study population consisted of Israeli residents aged 12 years and older, identified for the first time as PCR‐positive for SARS‐CoV‐2, between December 20th, 2020 (the beginning of the vaccination campaign) and October 7th, 2021. We compared “recently injected” patients—that proved PCR‐positive on the same day or on 1 of the 5 consecutive days after first vaccination (representing an unintended postexposure‐vaccine‐prophylaxis)s—to unvaccinated control group. Among Israeli residents identified PCR‐positive for SARS‐CoV‐2, 11 687 were found positive on the day they received their first vaccine injection (BNT162b2) or on 1 of the 5 days thereafter. In patients over 65 years, 143 deaths occurred among 1412 recently injected (10.13%) compared to 255 deaths among the 1412 unvaccinated (18.06%), odd ratio (OR) 0.51 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.41–0.64; p < 0.001). A significant reduction in the death toll was observed among the 55–64 age group, with 8 deaths occurring among the 1320 recently injected (0.61%) compared to 24 deaths among the 1320 unvaccinated control (1.82%), OR 0.33 (95% CI: 0.13–0.76; p = 0.007). Postexposure‐vaccine‐prophylaxis is effective against death in COVID‐19 infection.
A procedure for determining the number and pattern of digestible starch fractions in multiphasic food digestograms
Authors: Li Cheng , Li Songnan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlant‐based foods are frequently heterogenous systems, containing multiple starch fractions with distinct digestion rate constants. An unbiased determination of the number and digestion pattern of these fractions is a prerequisite for understanding the digestive characteristics of food.RESULTSA non‐linear least‐squares procedure based on a conditional selection of simple first‐order kinetics or a combination of parallel and sequential kinetics models was developed. The procedure gave robust results fitting manually generated data, and was applied to in vitro experimental digestion data of retrograded rice starches. By correlating fitting parameters with starch structural parameters, it showed that rice starches with a lower amylose content, longer amylose chains, and amylopectin intermediate chains had more digestible starch fractions after long‐term retrogradation.CONCLUSIONThis procedure enables the structural basis of starch digestibility and the development of food products with slow starch digestibility to be better understood. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
CircBFAR correlates with poor prognosis and promotes laryngeal squamous cell cancer progression through miR‐31‐5p/COL5A1 axis
Authors: Gong Hengcui , Wu Wei , Fang Chuankai , He Di 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionLaryngeal squamous cell cancer (LSCC) is a highly malignant tumor originating from the respiratory system. Circular RNAs have been reported to be associated with the treatment and prognosis of a variety of cancers, including LSCC.MethodsThe expression of circBFAR, miR‐31‐5p, and collagen type V alpha 1 chain (COL5A1) in LSCC tissues and cells was detected by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Cell counting kit 8 and 5‐Ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine assays were used to detect cell proliferation. Wound healing assay and transwell assay were used to test cell migration and invasion, respectively. The protein expression in LSCC cells was detected with western blot. The relationships between miR‐31‐5p and circBFAR or COL5A1 were identified by dual‐luciferase reporter assay, RNA‐pull down assay, and immunoprecipitation assay. The effect of circBFAR on tumor growth in vivo was detected by tumor xenograft mice experiment. The protein expression of COL5A1 and KI‐67 in LSCC tissues was measured by immunohistochemistry assay.ResultsCircBFAR was increased in LSCC tissues and cells, and was related to advanced clinical stage and overall survival of LSCC patients. The cell viability and proliferation were inhibited by circBFAR knockdown and silencing of circBFAR blocked migration and invasion of LSCC cells. CircBFAR knockdown suppressed cell tube formation, and the protein expression of KI‐67, matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in LSCC cells. MiR‐31‐5p was the target of circBFAR, and the inhibitory effects of circBFAR deficiency on viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, tube formation and the protein expression of KI‐67, MMP2, and VEGFA in LSCC cells were rescued by miR‐31‐5p downregulation. COL5A1 was negatively regulated by miR‐31‐5p, and was boosted in LSCC tissues and cells. COL5A1 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effects of miR‐31‐5p on LSCC cells. CircBFAR insufficiency hindered tumor growth in vivo.ConclusionCircBFAR, miR‐31‐5p, and COL5A1 in LSCC progression might provide novel therapeutic targets for LSCC clinical intervention.
Comparison of one‐step with two‐step production of Bacillus atrophaeus spores for use as bioindicators
Authors: Stier Philipp , Kulozik Ulrich 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe production method of spores significantly influences the resistance of spores used as bioindicators (BI) in the validation of sterilization of packaging material surfaces in aseptic food manufacturing. Therefore, the standardization of the spore production method represents an important and desirable goal in industrial BI production to ensure reliable validation test results. Previously, we recommended a two‐step production approach for submerged spore production, in which the cultivation phase to obtain high cell mass was separate from the sporulation phase. In this work, a one‐step manufacturing process was investigated to reduce production complexity and facilitate standardization of spore production. It was found that one‐step BI production is technically possible but at the expense of spore yield. The two‐step manufacturing process can realize almost 10‐fold higher spore yields.
A correlated sampling‐based Monte Carlo simulation for fast CBCT iterative scatter correction
Authors: Qin Peishan , Lin Guoqin , Li Xu , Piao Zun , Huang Shuang , Wu WangJiang , Qi Mengke , Ma Jianhui , Zhou Linghong , Xu Yuan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) has played an important role in medical imaging. However, the applications of CBCT are limited due to the severe scatter contamination. Conventional Monte Carlo (MC) simulation can provide accurate scatter estimation for scatter correction, but the expensive computational cost has always been the bottleneck of MC method in clinical application.PurposeIn this work, an MC simulation method combined with a variance reduction technique called correlated sampling is proposed for fast iterative scatter correction.MethodsCorrelated sampling exploits correlation between similar simulation systems to reduce the variance of interest quantities. Specifically, conventional MC simulation is first performed on the scatter‐contaminated CBCT to generate the initial scatter signal. In the subsequent correction iterations, scatter estimation is then updated by applying correlated MC sampling to the latest corrected CBCT images by reusing the random number sequences of the task‐related photons in conventional MC. Afterward, the corrected projections obtained by subtracting the scatter estimation from raw projections are utilized for FDK reconstruction. These steps are repeated until an adequate scatter correction is obtained. The performance of the proposed framework is evaluated by the accuracy of the scatter estimation, the quality of corrected CBCT images and efficiency.ResultsOverall, the difference in mean absolute percentage error between scatter estimation with and without correlated sampling is 0.25% for full‐fan case and 0.34% for half‐fan case, respectively. In simulation studies, scatter artifacts are substantially eliminated, where the mean absolute error value is reduced from 15 to 2 HU in full‐fan case and from 53 to 13 HU in half‐fan case. Scatter‐to‐primary ratio is reduced to 0.02 for full‐fan and 0.04 for half‐fan, respectively. In phantom study, the contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) is increased by a factor of 1.63, and the contrast is increased by a factor of 1.77. As for clinical studies, the CNR is improved by 11% and 14% for half‐fan and full‐fan, respectively. The contrast after correction is increased by 19% for half‐fan and 44% for full‐fan. Furthermore, root mean square error is also effectively reduced, especially from 78 to 4 HU for full‐fan. Experimental results demonstrate that the figure of merit is improved between 23 and 43 folds when using correlated sampling. The proposed method takes less than 25 s for the whole iterative scatter correction process.ConclusionsThe proposed correlated sampling‐based MC simulation method can achieve fast and accurate scatter correction for CBCT, making it suitable for real‐time clinical use.
An anisotropic plastic‐damage model for 3D nonlinear simulation of masonry structures
Authors: Chisari Corrado , Macorini Lorenzo , Izzuddin Bassam A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPredicting the structural response of masonry structures with acceptable accuracy is paramount to safeguard the historical heritage and build new constructions with safety margins adequate to modern standards. However, due to the heterogeneous nature and anisotropic response of masonry, such prediction is still difficult to achieve, where most current masonry representations are based upon homogeneous isotropic material models or even more simplified masonry macro‐elements. In this article, a novel anisotropic constitutive model to be used in detailed 3D continuum FE representations is described. This is based upon the application of the transformed‐tensor method to an isotropic uncoupled plastic‐damage model, which is further enhanced by additional novel features enabling the proper definition of the shear behavior both in terms of yielding surface and damage evolution while increasing local computational robustness. Illustrative examples at different scales are presented, highlighting the characteristics and potential of the developed masonry material model. Focus is placed on the mechanical behavior under uniaxial and biaxial stress states considering pure compression on wallets with varying inclination of the material principal axes and the out‐of‐plane response of wall components. The numerical results confirm the ability of the proposed constitutive model to predict typical masonry anisotropic response characteristics, which cannot be accurately represented by standard isotropic representations commonly used in professional practice and research.
Fracture modeling by the eigenfracture approach for the implicit material point method framework
Authors: Chihadeh Ahmad , Storm Johannes , Kaliske Michael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe material point method (MPM) is efficiently applied for the simulation of structures undergoing large deformations where fracture and crack initiation are expected. The eigenfracture approach is introduced in the paper at hand for the implicit MPM to model crack development and propagation in static and dynamic fracture of brittle elastic materials. Eigenfracture is an energetic fracture formulation applied in the postprocessing step of the implicit MPM, making its implementation relatively straightforward. Furthermore, the driving energy used to check crack propagation is evaluated using the representative crack elements (RCE), by which the crack is modeled as a discrete phenomenon. The RCE approach shows more realistic results compared to other split models. Additionally, the fracture description of reinforced materials within the MPM is also presented in this article by coupling truss finite elements to the MPM, considering the bond stress‐slip constitutive model. Two‐ and three‐dimensional problems in static and dynamic applications are presented to assess the efficacy of the approach.
Clinical response to lifestyle counseling for dyslipidemia and elevated blood pressure in childhood cancer survivors
Authors: Javalkar Karina , Huang Yisong , Lyon Shannon M. , Palfrey Hannah , Hartz Jacob , Chen Ming Hui , de Ferranti Sarah 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundChildhood cancer survivors (CCS) have increased risk of premature cardiovascular disease. Whether they respond similarly to lifestyle changes for elevated blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), and dyslipidemia to those without history of childhood cancer is unknown.ProcedureThis retrospective cohort study included CCS and 3:1 age‐ and sex‐matched controls treated at Boston Children's Hospital Preventive Cardiology (2010–2019) using lifestyle management based on National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) guidelines. Change in BMI, BP, and lipids were analyzed.ResultsWe included 52 CCS and 162 controls with a median age of approximately 16 years. More CCS (84.3%) had elevated baseline fasting triglycerides (TG) than controls (49.4%) (p < .001). More CCS (62.5%) also had abnormal baseline high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) compared to controls (35.2%) (p = .001). Baseline BMI, BP, total cholesterol (TC), and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) were similar between groups. Over 15 weeks [IQR: 10.5–26], CCS had greater decrease in TG than controls (72.5 vs. 17 mg/dl decrease, p = .095). BP improved in 5% of CCS versus 38% of controls (p = .008). For both, BMI, TC, LDL‐C, and HDL‐C remained stable. CCS with stem cell transplantation (SCT) had a TC increase of 5% (6 mg/dl) compared to a decrease of 9% (19 mg/dl) among CCS without SCT (p = .02).ConclusionsCCS demonstrated similar improvement in lipids, but impaired BP lowering in response to lifestyle management compared to controls. Further prospective studies are needed to determine if earlier pharmaceutical treatment is warranted in this higher risk population and for the long‐term risk reductions of these approaches.