bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transpyloric propagation and liquid gastric emptying in children with foregut dysmotility
Authors: Rochira Ilaria , Chanpong Atchariya , Biassoni Lorenzo , Easty Marina , Morris Elizabeth , Saliakellis Efstratios , Lindley Keith , Thapar Nikhil , Rybak Anna , Borrelli Osvaldo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesGastric emptying (GE) requires precise antropyloroduodenal coordination for effective transpyloric flow, the mechanisms of which are still unclear. We aimed to correlate gastric antral function assessed by antroduodenal manometry (ADM) with GE scintigraphy (GES) for liquid feeds in children with suspected gastrointestinal dysmotility.MethodsChildren who underwent both ADM and GES over a five‐year period were reviewed. ADM tracings were re‐analyzed to assess antral frequency, amplitude, and motility index (MI) pre‐prandially and postprandially. Transpyloric propagation (TPP) was defined as antegrade propagated antral activity preceding duodenal phase III of the migrating motor complex (MMC). TPP was defined as “poor” if occurring in <50% of all presented duodenal phases III. For GES, regions of interest over the whole stomach, fundus, and antrum were drawn to calculate GE half‐time (GE‐T1/2) and retention rate (RR) in each region at 1 and 2 h.ResultsForty‐seven children (median age: 7.0 years) were included. Twenty‐two had PIPO, 14 functional GI disorders, and 11 gastroparesis. Children with poor TPP had longer GE‐T1/2 (113.0 vs 66.5 min, p = 0.028), higher RR of the whole stomach and fundus at 1 h (79.5% vs 63.5%, p = 0.038; 60.0% vs 41.0%, p = 0.022, respectively) and 2 h (51.0% vs 10.5%, p = 0.005; 36.0% vs 6.5%, p = 0.004, respectively). The pre‐prandial antral amplitude of contractions inversely correlated with GE‐T1/2, RR of the whole stomach, and fundus at 2 h.ConclusionsTPP during phase III of the MMC correlated with gastric emptying of liquid and its assessment on ADM might predict abnormalities in postprandial gastric function.
Research in Brief: Survey of hair care practices in various ethnic and racial pediatric populations
Authors: Hollins Lauren Claire , Butt Melissa , Hong Julie , Taylor Susan C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMedicated shampoos are part of the standard care of seborrheic dermatitis (SD), yet hair‐washing practices can vary in frequency, which could impact treatment effectiveness and therapeutic benefit. The goal of this study is to understand common hair‐washing practices in pediatric patients, with focus on Black children with SD, through online survey. Patients identifying as Black or mixed race were more likely to use medicated washes weekly or less frequently than White patients (62.5% vs. 30.8%). It is important that clinicians understand Black‐ and mixed‐race hair care practices to provide better clinical guidance on the usage of medicated shampoos, especially for the treatment of SD.
Potential quantitative effect of a laboratory‐based approach to Lyme disease surveillance in high‐incidence states
Authors: Kugeler Kiersten J. , Cervantes Kim , Brown Catherine M. , Horiuchi Kalanthe , Schiffman Elizabeth , Lind Leah , Barkley Jonathan , Broyhill James , Murphy Julia , Crum David , Robinson Sara , Kwit Natalie A. , Mullins Jocelyn , Sun Jianxin , Hinckley Alison F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHistorically, public health surveillance for Lyme disease has required clinical follow‐up on positive laboratory reports for the purpose of case classification. In areas with sustained high incidence of the disease, this resource‐intensive activity yields a limited benefit to public health practice. A range of burden‐reducing strategies have been implemented in many states, creating inconsistencies that limit the ability to decipher trends. Laboratory‐based surveillance, or surveillance based solely on positive laboratory reports without follow‐up for clinical information on positive laboratory reports, emerged as a feasible alternative to improve standardization in already high‐incidence areas. To inform expectations of a laboratory‐based surveillance model, we conducted a retrospective analysis of Lyme disease data collected during 2012–2018 from 10 high‐incidence states. The number of individuals with laboratory evidence of infection ranged from 1302 to 20,994 per state and year. On average, 55% of those were ultimately classified as confirmed or probable cases (range: 29%–86%). Among all individuals with positive laboratory evidence, 18% (range: 2%–37%) were determined to be ‘not a case’ upon investigation and 23% (range: 2%–52%) were classified as suspect cases due to lack of associated clinical information and thus were not reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The number of reported cases under a laboratory‐based approach to surveillance in high‐incidence states using recommended two‐tier testing algorithms is likely to be, on average, 1.2 times higher (range: 0.6–1.8 times) than what was reported to CDC during 2012–2018. A laboratory‐based surveillance approach for high‐incidence states will improve standardization and reduce burden on public health systems, allowing public health resources to focus on prevention messaging, exploration of novel prevention strategies and alternative data sources to yield information on the epidemiology of Lyme disease.
Docentes frente al covid-19: cambios percibidos en Chile y Perú
Authors: Mateus Julio-César , Andrada Pablo 
Published: March 2022

Este artículo de investigación busca describir la percepción de los docentes sobre sus condiciones y los cambios en sus prácticas pedagógicas a partir de la emergencia sanitaria causada por el covid-19. Participaron del estudio una muestra de 541 profesores chilenos y peruanos de todos los niveles educativos (preescolar, primaria, secundario y superior) a través de un cuestionario estructurado virtual. Los hallazgos confirman el impacto de las desigualdades sociales, demográficas e históricas presentes en ambos países.
Good Pedagogical Practices in Science Teaching
Authors: Sotomayor-Soloaga Pedro Aurelio 
Published: March 2022

Enfatizando la importancia de las ciencias y de la educación en ciencias como pilares del desarrollo y progreso social, se presenta un estudio de caso de tres profesoras de ciencias evaluadas como destacadas por el Programa de Enseñanza en Ciencias Basado en la Indagación, cuyo objetivo era responder la pregunta: ¿Qué caracteriza las buenas prácticas pedagógicas en educación en ciencias? Basado en un enfoque cualitativo y técnicas como la observación de aula y entrevistas en profundidad, los resultados muestran una caracterización de las prácticas pedagógicas que llevan a cabo las docentes, destacando tanto su dimensión práctica como reflexiva.
Percepciones de futuras educadoras de párvulos hacia la educación ciudadana
Authors: Carrillo-Mardones Olga Aurora , Pinochet-Pinochet Sixtina , Muñoz-Labraña Carlos , Leal-Burgos Dorama Elisa 
Published: March 2022

Se presentan los resultados de una investigación realizada con estudiantes en práctica profesional de la carrera de Educación Parvularia en una universidad de la Araucanía,Chile. El objetivo fue indagar las percepciones de educadoras en formación sobre el desarrollo de la noción de ciudadanía en la educación infantil. La investigación,cualitativa e interpretativa,se realizó mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas a las estudiantes que efectuaban prácticas pedagógicas en jardines infantiles y escuelas rurales y urbanas de la región. Los resultados evidencian una falta de claridad en el tema, que repercute en las estrategias para abordarlo, lo cual hace prevalecer una visión normativa de la educación ciudadana.
Simulation of All-Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries With Fastening Stress and Volume Expansion
Authors: Nunoshita Keita , Hirata Ryusei , So Magnus , Park Kayoung , Liu Xuanchen , Kimura Naoki , Inoue Gen , Tsuge Yoshifumi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The volume expansion of anode active materials in all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries strongly affects the dynamic change in the electrode structure and its activity in electrochemical reactions and mass transport. Thus, understanding the mechanisms and internal phenomena during the charging process with volume expansion is important. In addition, clarifying these phenomena contributes to the selection of the active material when creating the electrode structure. This study aimed to verify the effect of volume expansion of the active material in a porous electrode layer on the charging performance using a numerical simulation. In this calculation, for the electrochemical reaction transport analysis, equations were applied based on the porous electrode theory; for the structural deformation due to expansion, we expressed the change by controlling the structural parameters and built a model for simulation. From the simulation results, when the fastening pressure was small, the active material with a large volume expansion ratio exhibited a larger capacity. However, for a large fastening pressure, active materials with a large volume expansion ratio seemed not to be used. Although the volume expansion of the active material should be suppressed from the viewpoint of ion conduction network rupture, these results demonstrate that the influence of volume expansion effectively depends on the electrode creation conditions. This model will help to optimize the design of all-solid-state batteries and can be the key to further performance improvement.
Characterizing the Mechanical and Viscoelastic Response of the Porcine Facet Joint Capsule Ligament in Response to a Simulated Impact
Authors: Fewster Kayla M. , Barrett Jeff M. , Callaghan Jack P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The facet capsule ligament (FCL) is a structure in the lumbar spine that constrains motions of the vertebrae. Subfailure loads can produce microdamage resulting in increased laxity, decreased stiffness, and altered viscoelastic responses. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to determine the mechanical and viscoelastic properties of the FCL under various magnitudes of strain from control samples and samples that had been through an impact protocol. Two hundred FCL tissue samples were tested (20 control and 180 impacted). Impacted FCL tissue samples were obtained from functional spinal units that had been exposed to one of nine subfailure impact conditions. All specimens underwent the following loading protocol: preconditioning with five cycles of 5% strain, followed by a 30 s rest period, five cycles of 10% strain, and 1 cycle of 10% strain with a hold duration at 10% strain for 240 s (4 min). The same protocol was followed for 30% and 50% strain. Measures of stiffness, hysteresis, and force-relaxation were computed. No significant differences in stiffness were observed for impacted specimens in comparison to control. Impacted specimens from the 8 g flexed and 11 g flexed and neutral conditions exhibited greater hysteresis during the cyclic-30% and cyclic-50% portion of the protocol in comparison to controls. In addition, specimens from the 8 g and 11 g flexed conditions resulted in greater stress decay for the 50%-hold conditions. Results from this study demonstrate viscoelastic changes in FCL samples exposed to moderate and highspeed single impacts in a flexed posture.
Use of and barriers to maternal health services in southeast Chad: results of a population-based survey 2019
Authors: Marquis Adine , O’Keeffe Jennifer , Jafari Yalda , Mulanda Winston , Carrion Martin Antonio Isidro , Daly Maura , van der Kam Saskia , Ariti Cono , Bow Gamaou Allafi , Baharadine Cherif , Pena Sibyl Jade , Ringtho Lucia , Kuehne Anna 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesChad reports the second highest maternal mortality worldwide. We conducted a survey in Sila region in southeast Chad to estimate the use of maternal health services (MHS) and to identify barriers to access MHS.DesignRetrospective cross-sectional, population-based survey using two-stage cluster sampling methodology. The survey consisted of two strata, Koukou Angarana and Goz Beida district in Sila region. We conducted systematic random sampling proportional to population size to select settlements in each strata in the first sampling stage; and in the second stage we selected households in the settlements using random walk procedure. We calculated survey-design-weighted proportions with 95% CIs. We performed univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression to identify impact factors associated with the use of MHS.SettingWe interviewed women in selected households in Sila region in 2019.ParticipantsWomen at reproductive age, who have given birth in the previous 2 years and are living in Koukou Angarana and Goz Beida district.Primary outcomesUse of and access barriers to MHS including antenatal care (ANC), delivery care in a health facility (DC), postnatal care (PNC) and contraceptive methods.ResultsIn total, 624 women participated. Median age was 28 years, 95.4% were illiterate and 95.7% married. Use of ANC, DC and PNC was reported by 57.6% (95% CI: 49.3% to 65.5%), 22.5% (95% CI: 15.7% to 31.1%) and 32.9% (95% CI: 25.8% to 40.9%), respectively. Use of MHS was lower in rural compared with urban settings. Having attended ANC increased the odds of using DC by 4.3 (1.5–12.2) and using PNC by 6.4 (3.7–11.1). Factors related to transport and to culture and belief were the most frequently stated access barriers to MHS.ConclusionIn Sila region, use of MHS is low and does not meet WHO-defined standards regarding maternal health. Among all services, use of ANC was better than for other MHS. ANC usage is positively associated with the use of further life-saving MHS including DC and could be used as an entry point to the community. To increase use of MHS, interventions should include infrastructural improvements as well as community-based approaches to overcome access barriers related to culture and belief.
Patient safety culture improvements depend on basic healthcare education: a longitudinal simulation-based intervention study at two Danish hospitals
Authors: Schram Anders , Paltved Charlotte , Lindhard Morten Søndergaard , Kjaergaard-Andersen Gunhild , Jensen Hanne Irene , Kristensen Solvejg 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundA growing body of evidence supports the existence of an association between patient safety culture (PSC) and patient outcomes. PSC refers to shared perceptions and attitudes towards norms, policies and procedures related to patient safety. Existing literature shows that PSC varies among health professionals depending on their specific profession and specialty. However, these studies did not investigate whether PSC can be improved. This study investigates whether length of education is associated with improvements in PCS following a simulation intervention.MethodsFrom April 2017 to November 2018, a cross-sectional intervention study was conducted at two regional hospitals in Denmark. Two groups with altogether 1230 health professionals were invited to participate. One group included nurses, midwives and radiographers; the other group included doctors. A train-the-trainer intervention approach was applied consisting of a 4-day simulation instructor course that emphasised team training, communication and leadership. Fifty-three healthcare professionals were trained as instructors. After the course, instructors performed in situ simulation in their own hospital environment.OutcomesThe Safety Attitude Questionnaire (SAQ), which has 6 dimensions and 32 items, was used to collect main outcome variables. All employees from both groups were surveyed before the intervention and again four and nine months after the intervention.ResultsMean baseline scores were higher among doctors than among nurses, midwives and radiographers for all SAQ dimensions. At the second follow-up, four of six dimensions improved significantly (p ≤ 0.05) among nurses, midwives and radiographers, whereas no dimensions improved significantly among doctors.ConclusionOver time, nurses, midwives and radiographers improved more in PSC attitudes than doctors did.
Is there an association between previous infection withNeisseria gonorrhoeaeand gonococcal AMR? A cross-sectional analysis of national and sentinel surveillance data in England, 2015–2019
Authors: Allen Hester , Merrick Rachel , Ivanov Zdravko , Pitt Rachel , Mohammed Hamish , Sinka Katy , Hughes Gwenda , Fifer Helen , Cole Michelle Jayne 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesQuarterly STI screening is recommended for high-risk gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (MSM) in the UK, but frequent antibiotic exposure could potentially increase the risk of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) developing inNeisseria gonorrhoeae. We investigated whether repeat diagnosis of gonorrhoea in those attending sexual health services (SHS) was associated with reduced antimicrobial susceptibility.MethodsAntimicrobial susceptibility data relating to the most recent gonorrhoea diagnosis for each individual included in the Gonococcal Resistance to Antimicrobials Surveillance Programme (2015–2019) were matched to their historical records in the national GUMCAD STI surveillance data set (2012–2019). The number of gonorrhoea diagnoses in the previous 3 years was calculated for each SHS attendee. Logistic regression was used to examine the associations between the number of diagnoses and reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) >0.03 mg/L), cefixime (MIC >0.06 mg/L) and azithromycin (MIC >0.25 mg/L) at the time of the latest diagnosis.ResultsOf 6161 individuals included in the analysis, 3913 (63.5%) were MSM, 1220 (19.8%) were heterosexual men and 814 (13.2%) were women. Among MSM, 2476 (63.3%) had 1 past gonorrhoea diagnosis, 1295 (33.1%) had 2–4, 140 (3.6%) 5–9, and 2 (0.1%) ≥10. Most women and heterosexual men (91.7%) had one past gonorrhoea diagnosis; none had more than four. Reduced ceftriaxone and cefixime susceptibility was more common among MSM with two to four gonorrhoea diagnoses (3.8% and 5.8%, respectively) compared with those with one (2.2% and 3.9%, respectively). After adjusting for potential confounding, this association remained (adjusted OR: 1.59, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.37, p=0.02; adjusted OR: 1.54, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.14, p=0.01). No evidence was found for any other associations.ConclusionsAmong MSM, repeat diagnosis of gonorrhoea may be associated with reduced ceftriaxone and cefixime susceptibility. As these are last-line therapies for gonorrhoea, further research is needed to assess the impact of intensive STI screening on AMR.
Temporal trends of phosphorus in urban atmospheric aerosols
Authors: Furdui Vasile I. , Duric Mark , Eskander Hany , Stacey Natalie 
Published: March 2022

Air particulate samples collected from a Canadian urban area station showed the seasonal trend of the phosphorus with peak levels observed for April–June periods and levels not significantly changed between 2007 and 2015. The phosphorus measured as total phosphorus (TP) in digested aqueous extracts showed an exponential increase with daily temperature (R2 = 0.544, N = 474), with the best correlation observed for the 2010 subset (R2 = 0.727, N = 55). The temperature correlation was not observed with the total suspended particles (TSP). Longer dry periods during spring to summer months favored a higher P level on aerosols. The temperature and precipitation pattern dependence indicate a possible climate change influence on the aerosol P levels. The unchanged yearly aerosol TP content does not directly reflect the dropping trend observed in surface water after 1990s from the same area during spring to summer period.
Quantum power: a Lorentz invariant approach to Hawking radiation
Authors: Good Michael R. R. , Linder Eric V. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractParticle radiation from black holes has an observed emission power depending on the surface gravity $$\kappa = c^4/(4GM)$$

κ
=

c
4

/

(
4
G
M
)

as $$\begin{aligned} P_{\text {black hole}} \sim \frac{\hbar \kappa ^2}{6\pi c^2} = \frac{\hbar c^6}{96\pi G^2 M^2}, \end{aligned}$$

P

black hole

∼

ħ

κ
2

6
π

c
2

=

ħ

c
6

96
π

G
2

M
2

,

while both the radiation from accelerating particles and moving mirrors (accelerating boundaries) obey similar relativistic Larmor powers, $$\begin{aligned} P_{\text {electron}}= \frac{q^2\alpha ^2}{6\pi \epsilon _0 c^3}, \quad P_{\text {mirror}} =\frac{\hbar \alpha ^2}{6\pi c^2}, \end{aligned}$$

P
electron

=

q
2

α
2

6
π

ϵ
0

c
3

,

P
mirror

=

ħ

α
2

6
π

c
2

,

where $$\alpha $$
α
is the Lorentz invariant proper acceleration. This equivalence between the Lorentz invariant powers suggests a close relation that could be used to understand black hole radiation. We show that an accelerating mirror with a prolonged metastable acceleration plateau can provide a unitary, thermal, energy-conserved analog model for black hole decay.
Two-way unclonable encryption with a vulnerable sender
Authors: Leermakers Daan , Škorić Boris 
Published: March 2022

Unclonable Encryption, introduced by Gottesman in 2003 [Quantum Inform. Comput. 3 (2003) 581], is a quantum protocol that guarantees the secrecy of a successfully transferred classical message even when all keys leak at a later time. We propose an Unclonable Encryption protocol with the additional property that the sender’s key material is allowed to leak even in the case of an unsuccessful run. This extra feature makes it possible to achieve secure quantum encryption even when one of the parties is unable to protect its keys against after-protocol theft. Such an asymmetry occurs e.g. in case of server–client scenarios, where the client device is resource constrained and/or located in a hostile environment. Our protocol makes use of a bidirectional quantum channel in a manner similar to the two-way protocol LM05 [Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 (2005) 140501]. Bob sends random qubit states to Alice. Alice flips the states in a way that depends on the message and a shared key, and sends the resulting states back to Bob. Bob recovers Alice’s message by measuring the flips. We prove that our protocol satisfies the definition of unclonable encryption and additionally that the message remains secure even if all of Alice’s keys leak after the protocol. Furthermore, we show that some of the key materials can be safely re-used. Our security proof is formulated in terms of diamond norms, which makes it composable, and allows for noisy quantum channels. We work out the details only for the asymptotics in the limit of long messages. As a side result, we construct a two-way QKD scheme with a high key rate. We show that its key rate is higher than the rate of the two-way QKD scheme LM05 proven by Beaudry et al. [Phys. Rev. A 88 (2013) 062302] for the case of independent channel noise.