bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A COMPARATIVE LENS ON ΚΡΑΤΥΣ ΑΡΓΕΪΦΟΝΤΗΣ: MEANING, ETYMOLOGY AND PHRASEOLOGY
Authors: Massetti Laura 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGreek κρατύς and cognates (κράτος, κρατερός, etc.) are related to Vedic krátu- ‘resolve’ and Avestan xratu- ‘[guiding] intellect’. The cumulative phraseological evidence supports this etymological proposal: in at least ten cases, Greek personal names and phrasemes exhibiting a cognate of κρατύς (that is, κράτος and compounds with first member κρατ[α]ι-) combine with terms whose Indo-Iranian linguistic cognates are joined with Vedic krátu- and Avestan xratu-. Furthermore, Indo-Iranian expressions, in which Vedic krátu- and its compounds are referred to a god as attributes, are structurally comparable to Greek κρατὺς Ἀργεϊφόντης. Since Ἀργεϊφόντης is likely to reflect ‘shining (cf. Greek φαίνω) with whiteness/brightness (ἀργει-)’, it is possible to identify Vedic phraseological matches for the Greek formula, namely expressions in which Vedic krátu- and its derivative krátumant- combine with the notion of ‘shining widely’, Vedic ví-bhā (Vedic bhā being a linguistic congener of φαίνω). The phraseological correspondence between Vedic krátu- … agní- ‘Agni, [endowed with] resolve’, and κρατὺς Ἀργεϊφόντης ‘Argeiphontes, endowed with superior might (κράτος)’ may be added to the dossier of common phraseology which the Greek god shares with the Old Indic fire-deity.
Parental Leave Take-up and its Intensity. Do Partners’ Workplace Characteristics Matter?
Authors: Valentova Marie , Amjahad Anissa , Genevois Anne-Sophie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the current article, we explore the effect of partners’ workplace characteristics on the take-up and intensity of parental leave by mothers and fathers. We use social security records data from 2004 to 2015 for Luxembourg. The results of the analysis reveal that the probability of taking full-time leave is substantially lower among mothers and fathers working in very small companies than among their counterparts in larger firms, whereas working in a small-sized company is related to higher probability of taking part-time leave. Mothers working in companies in predominantly female-dominated sectors, such as education, health, and social services, are more likely to take parental leave than their counterparts employed in other sectors. With regard to the effect of partners’ workplace characteristics, fathers’ take-up of parental leave is associated with the economy sector of their partner, whereas mothers’ take-up correlates with their partners’ workplace size.
COVID-19 isolation/quarantine rules in home care patients
Authors: Gasperini Beatrice , Sarti Donatella , Rondina Tommaso , Moretti Margherita , Pelusi Gilda , Peconi Chiara , Prospero Emilia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 new variants increased the number of subjects in home isolation and quarantine. The aim of this study was to assess the compliance with coronavirus disease 2019 home isolation rules for 32 subjects in home care in Marche Region, Italy. The results showed that subjects in home isolation were better informed about isolation rules (P = 0.007) than those who were in quarantine. They had lower educational level (P < 0.001) and none/single income (P < 0.001) and higher rate of clinical manifestation. The education for a safe quarantine should be strengthened widely, especially among disadvantaged subjects.
Midlife: A Philosophical Guide by Kieran Setiya, Princeton University Press, 2017.
Authors: Ridge Michael 
Published: December 2022

CQ ReviewThe main goal of the Book Review Section of Cambridge Quarterly is to cultivate a place where scholars can share their thoughts on broad philosophical topics sparked by noteworthy books. Instead of focusing narrowly on works in healthcare ethics, our reviews cast a wider net so that we may reflect on diverse ideas. Please email dien.ho@mcphs.edu if you have book recommendations or if you are interested in writing a review.
Ambulance Service in Kathmandu, Nepal: Service Delivery Constraints, Challenges, and Achievements during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Regmi Prativa , Paneru Damaru Prasad , Oli Pratibha , Baral Upama , Poudel Durga , Khadka Thapa Deepa 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroduction:An Emergency Medical Service (EMS) is defined as a complete system that responds to public medical and surgical emergencies with prompt and adequate emergency care. Ambulance services are also classified as EMS in modern medical history. In the Nepalese context, prehospital care is very limited, and the EMS system is still a new concept in Nepal. In a study in the emergency room at Patan Hospital in Kathmandu, only 9.9% of patients came by ambulance, 53.6% by taxi, 11.4% by private car, 13.5% by bus, 5.4% by bicycle, and another 6.2% came with alternative routes.Objectives:This study aims to investigate the constraints, challenges, and achievements made by ambulances services during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Methods:The study design was phenomenological and the method was qualitative. In-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted with six human resources working from the COVID-19 first wave pandemic in the ambulance service of Nepal Ambulance Service (NAS), Kathmandu.Result:Four themes were generated from IDIs: (1) challenges in service delivery; (2) constraints on service delivery; (3) working experiences; and (4) achievements of ambulatory service providers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Under these four themes, 12 sub-themes were constructed. The new nature of disease (COVID-19) in the first wave led to fear and anxiety, which also forced them to think about quitting the job; however, later on with proper training and safety measures, it led to working for COVID-19 patient transfers from home to hospital, as well as hospital to hospital, and proper prehospital care services were provided. The major challenges faced by ambulatory service providers were long working hours, wearing a single personal protective equipment (PPE) for long hours, confusing locations to pick up patients, and both stigma and discrimination.Conclusion:From IDIs, it was concluded that although constraints and challenges arise during a pandemic, from proper guidance and support through NAS, they are able to provide proper prehospital care for the patient. Challenges like fear, heavy workload, PPE, and other material barriers do not hamper in service delivery.
Confirmation of dicamba-resistant Palmer amaranth in Tennessee
Authors: Foster Delaney C. , Steckel Lawrence E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPalmer amaranth has a long history of evolving resistance to herbicides to the point at which it has become a significant obstacle to row crop production. A survey of Palmer amaranth escapes in dicamba-resistant cotton and soybean fields in Tennessee was conducted in fall 2021 with the objective of determining whether poor control was due to environmental phenomena or the development of dicamba resistance. A greenhouse dicamba dose-response screen was conducted on 15 Tennessee accessions. Three accessions were identified with a relative resistance factor between 1.85 and 2.49, and one accession from Lauderdale County was found with a relative resistance factor of 14.25. The Lauderdale County 1 accession developed a higher dicamba resistance level than all others evaluated and can no longer be effectively controlled using dicamba. The history of Palmer amaranth escaping dicamba in the Lauderdale County 1 location from 2019 to 2021 in the field and in preliminary greenhouse screens would suggest that the dicamba resistance has passed between generations. This research documents the first findings of Palmer amaranth control failures in cotton and soybean fields due to the evolution of dicamba resistance.
Evolution of Rift Architecture and Fault Linkage During Continental Rifting: Investigating the Effects of Tectonics and Surface Processes Using Lithosphere‐Scale 3D Coupled Numerical Models
Authors: Wolf Lorenz , Huismans Ritske S. , Wolf Sebastian G. , Rouby Delphine , May Dave A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractContinental rifts grow by propagation, overlap and linkage of individual fault segments. These processes are influenced by erosion and sedimentation and generate complex three‐dimensional fault‐interaction patterns. We use a 3D thermo‐mechanical model of lithosphere deformation coupled with surface processes to investigate the coupling between erosion and tectonics, fault interaction and rift linkage, and evaluate the respective characteristics of crustal strength, inherited structures and erosional efficiency. We find that (a) weaker crust limits interactions between individual rift segments, (b) inherited structures are a major control for fault overlap and linkage except if they are too far apart and prevent interaction, and (c) efficient surface processes prolong fault activity, increase accommodated offset and in doing so, limit fault segment propagation and interactions. From these individual feedbacks, we identify five types of characteristic rift architectures: (a) for strong crust and intermediate erosional efficiency, fault segments link and form a horst between the propagating rifts. (b) Decreasing notch offset leads to segmentation of the central horst. (c) In case of reduced crustal strength no fault linkage occurs and a continuous central horst is promoted. (d) If inherited structures are too far apart, irrespective of crustal strength and erosional efficiency, rift basins do not link and a wide plateau‐like horst forms between the propagating rifts. (e) In case of efficient erosion, fault linkage is achieved by the formation of strike‐slip faults connecting the individual rift segments. Several of these simulated rift architectures can be identified in the western branch of the East African Rift.
Meltwater Pulse1A Triggered an Extreme Cooling Event: Evidence From Southern China
Authors: Wang Luo , Hao Qingzhen , Zhang Deguo , Zou Yafei , Rioual Patrick , Zhang Enlou , Li Jingjing , Luo Hai , Li Jie , Chu Guoqiang , Gu Zhaoyan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMeltwater Pulse 1A injection into the North Atlantic coincided with the Bølling warming event, despite climate model simulations indicating that the Meltwater Pulse 1A should have inevitably lead to an extreme cooling in the northern hemisphere. However, so far no cooling event has been found in paleoclimate records responding to Meltwater Pulse 1A. Here we reconstruct winter temperature based on sedimentary diatoms from Huguangyan Maar Lake in tropical China. The results show that winter temperature dropped by at least 6°C within ∼100 years at 14.8 ± 0.02 ka BP, coeval with the onset of Meltwater Pulse 1A, within dating uncertainty. We argue that Meltwater Pulse 1A weakened the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), resulting in abrupt severe cooling in the Northern Hemisphere that caused a severe winter temperature drop in East Asia by strengthening the winter monsoon. We propose that extreme cooling in winter temperature triggered the Bølling warming by stopping the freshwater release from the ice‐sheet, triggering the AMOC to recover quickly and causing the Bølling event as an overshoot under gradual forcing.
Double Coherent Scatter Radars Observations of the Daytime F‐Region Irregularities in Low‐Latitudes on 29 May 2017
Authors: Hu Pengfei , Chen Gang , Li Guozhu , Yan Chunxiao , Zhang Shaodong , Yang Guotao , Li Yaxian , He Zhiqiu , Jia Wei , Zhang Min 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the morning on 29 May 2017, the Sanya very‐high‐frequency Radar and the Hainan COherent Scatter Phased Array Radar (HCOPAR) at Fuke were cooperated with similar operating frequencies to investigate the dissipation of the daytime F‐region Field‐Aligned Irregularities (FAIs). The two radars are located on south and north sides of the Hainan island of China, and the distance between them is about 140 km. The Sanya VHF radar recorded the FAIs between 00:12 and 02:42 UT (07:12 and 09:42 LT), and the FAIs observed by the HCOPAR appeared more than 10 min later at lower altitudes and suffered severe dissipation. The echoes emerged in all the beams simultaneously, and their Doppler velocities were close to zero, implying that the daytime FAIs were traveling along the magnetic field lines downward and northward with almost no zonal velocity. The front and bottom edges of the irregularities decayed earlier, and the parts in the FAIs with steeper density gradient lasted longer. The dissipation mechanism is attributed primarily to the photoionization and diffusing across the geomagnetic field in different period and gradient of the irregularities.
Geomagnetically Induced Current Modeling in New Zealand: Extreme Storm Analysis Using Multiple Disturbance Scenarios and Industry Provided Hazard Magnitudes
Authors: Mac Manus D. H. , Rodger C. J. , Dalzell M. , Renton A. , Richardson G. S. , Petersen T. , Clilverd M. A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGeomagnetically induced currents (GICs) are induced in electrical power transmission networks during geomagnetic disturbances. Understanding the magnitude and duration of the GIC expected during worst‐case extreme storm scenarios is vital to estimate potential damages and disruptions to power networks. In this study we utilize the magnetic field waveforms measured during three large geomagnetic storms and scale them to expected worst case extreme storm magnitudes. Multiple methods are used to simulate the varying magnitude of the magnetic field across the different latitudes of New Zealand. Modeled GIC is produced for nine extreme storm scenarios, each covering 1–1.5 days in duration. Our industry partners, Transpower New Zealand Ltd provided GIC magnitude and duration levels which represent a risk to their transformers. Using these thresholds various extreme storm scenarios predict between 44 and 115 New Zealand transformers (13%–35%) are at risk of damaging levels of GIC. The transformers at risk are largely independent of the extreme storm time‐variations, but depend more on the latitude variation scenario. We show that these at‐risk transformers are not localized to any specific region of New Zealand but extend across all regions and include most of the major population centers. A peak mean absolute GIC over a 60‐min window of 920–2,210 A and an instantaneous 1‐min time resolution maximum GIC of 1,590–4,920 A occurs for a worst‐case extreme storm scenario. We believe this is one of the first studies to combine a reasonable worst‐case extreme geomagnetic storm with validated GIC modeling and industry‐provided GIC risk thresholds.
Small molecules in the treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Lei Sibei , Chen Xiaohua , Wu Jieping , Duan Xingmei , Men Ke 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe outbreak of COVID-19 has become a global crisis, and brought severe disruptions to societies and economies. Until now, effective therapeutics against COVID-19 are in high demand. Along with our improved understanding of the structure, function, and pathogenic process of SARS-CoV-2, many small molecules with potential anti-COVID-19 effects have been developed. So far, several antiviral strategies were explored. Besides directly inhibition of viral proteins such as RdRp and Mpro, interference of host enzymes including ACE2 and proteases, and blocking relevant immunoregulatory pathways represented by JAK/STAT, BTK, NF-κB, and NLRP3 pathways, are regarded feasible in drug development. The development of small molecules to treat COVID-19 has been achieved by several strategies, including computer-aided lead compound design and screening, natural product discovery, drug repurposing, and combination therapy. Several small molecules representative by remdesivir and paxlovid have been proved or authorized emergency use in many countries. And many candidates have entered clinical-trial stage. Nevertheless, due to the epidemiological features and variability issues of SARS-CoV-2, it is necessary to continue exploring novel strategies against COVID-19. This review discusses the current findings in the development of small molecules for COVID-19 treatment. Moreover, their detailed mechanism of action, chemical structures, and preclinical and clinical efficacies are discussed.
Seeded free-electron laser driven by a compact laser plasma accelerator
Authors: Labat Marie , Cabadağ Jurjen Couperus , Ghaith Amin , Irman Arie , Berlioux Anthony , Berteaud Philippe , Blache Frédéric , Bock Stefan , Bouvet François , Briquez Fabien , Chang Yen-Yu , Corde Sébastien , Debus Alexander , De Oliveira Carlos , Duval Jean-Pierre , Dietrich Yannick , El Ajjouri Moussa , Eisenmann Christoph , Gautier Julien , Gebhardt René , Grams Simon , Helbig Uwe , Herbeaux Christian , Hubert Nicolas , Kitegi Charles , Kononenko Olena , Kuntzsch Michael , LaBerge Maxwell , Lê Stéphane , Leluan Bruno , Loulergue Alexandre , Malka Victor , Marteau Fabrice , Guyen Manh Huy N. , Oumbarek-Espinos Driss , Pausch Richard , Pereira Damien , Püschel Thomas , Ricaud Jean-Paul , Rommeluere Patrick , Roussel Eléonore , Rousseau Pascal , Schöbel Susanne , Sebdaoui Mourad , Steiniger Klaus , Tavakoli Keihan , Thaury Cédric , Ufer Patrick , Valléau Mathieu , Vandenberghe Marc , Vétéran José , Schramm Ulrich , Couprie Marie-Emmanuelle 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFree-electron lasers generate high-brilliance coherent radiation at wavelengths spanning from the infrared to the X-ray domains. The recent development of short-wavelength seeded free-electron lasers now allows for unprecedented levels of control on longitudinal coherence, opening new scientific avenues such as ultra-fast dynamics on complex systems and X-ray nonlinear optics. Although those devices rely on state-of-the-art large-scale accelerators, advancements on laser-plasma accelerators, which harness gigavolt-per-centimetre accelerating fields, showcase a promising technology as compact drivers for free-electron lasers. Using such footprint-reduced accelerators, exponential amplification of a shot-noise type of radiation in a self-amplified spontaneous emission configuration was recently achieved. However, employing this compact approach for the delivery of temporally coherent pulses in a controlled manner has remained a major challenge. Here we present the experimental demonstration of a laser-plasma accelerator-driven free-electron laser in a seeded configuration, where control over the radiation wavelength is accomplished. Furthermore, the appearance of interference fringes, resulting from the interaction between the phase-locked emitted radiation and the seed, confirms longitudinal coherence. Building on our scientific achievements, we anticipate a navigable pathway to extreme-ultraviolet wavelengths, paving the way towards smaller-scale free-electron lasers, unique tools for a multitude of applications in industry, laboratories and universities.
Evidence that direct inhibition of transcription factor binding is the prevailing mode of gene and repeat repression by DNA methylation
Authors: Kaluscha Sebastian , Domcke Silvia , Wirbelauer Christiane , Stadler Michael B. , Durdu Sevi , Burger Lukas , Schübeler Dirk 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCytosine methylation efficiently silences CpG-rich regulatory regions of genes and repeats in mammalian genomes. To what extent this entails direct inhibition of transcription factor (TF) binding versus indirect inhibition via recruitment of methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD) proteins is unclear. Here we show that combinatorial genetic deletions of all four proteins with functional MBDs in mouse embryonic stem cells, derived neurons or a human cell line do not reactivate genes or repeats with methylated promoters. These do, however, become activated by methylation-restricted TFs if DNA methylation is removed. We identify several causal TFs in neurons, including ONECUT1, which is methylation sensitive only at a motif variant. Rampantly upregulated retrotransposons in methylation-free neurons feature a CRE motif, which activates them in the absence of DNA methylation via methylation-sensitive binding of CREB1. Our study reveals methylation-sensitive TFs in vivo and argues that direct inhibition, rather than indirect repression by the tested MBD proteins, is the prevailing mechanism of methylation-mediated repression at regulatory regions and repeats.
Structural insights into the regulation of Cas7-11 by TPR-CHAT
Authors: Ekundayo Babatunde , Torre Davide , Beckert Bertrand , Nazarov Sergey , Myasnikov Alexander , Stahlberg Henning , Ni Dongchun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe CRISPR-guided caspase (Craspase) complex is an assembly of the target-specific RNA nuclease known as Cas7-11 bound to CRISPR RNA (crRNA) and an ancillary protein known as TPR-CHAT (tetratricopeptide repeats (TPR) fused with a CHAT domain). The Craspase complex holds promise as a tool for gene therapy and biomedical research, but its regulation is poorly understood. TPR-CHAT regulates Cas7-11 nuclease activity via an unknown mechanism. In the present study, we use cryoelectron microscopy to determine structures of the Desulfonema magnum (Dm) Craspase complex to gain mechanistic insights into its regulation. We show that DmTPR-CHAT stabilizes crRNA-bound DmCas7-11 in a closed conformation via a network of interactions mediated by the DmTPR-CHAT N-terminal domain, the DmCas7-11 insertion finger and Cas11-like domain, resulting in reduced target RNA accessibility and cleavage.
Impact of beverage temperature on consumer preferences for black coffee
Authors: Ristenpart William D. , Cotter Andrew R. , Guinard Jean-Xavier 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe recently performed a systematic investigation of consumer preferences for black coffee versus key brewing parameters, including total dissolved solids, extraction yield, and brewing temperature (Cotter et al. in J Food Sci 86(1):194–205, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.15561). An experimental goal in that work was for participants to taste the coffee at a beverage temperature of 65 °C, but the large sample size of more than 3000 individual tastings, combined with natural variations in the brewing and cooling processes, meant that coffees were assessed over a normally distributed range of temperatures between 56 and 71 °C. Here we use those data to provide a more detailed analysis of the impact of beverage temperature on consumer acceptance of the coffee, with a key objective of identifying beverage temperatures at which no consumers assess the coffee either as too hot or too cold. Using a 5-point just-about-right (JAR) scale, we find that a majority of consumers (> 50%) assessed the temperature as JAR at all temperatures tested up to 70 °C. A substantial fraction of consumers, approximately 6–12%, assessed the coffee as too cold over the range 56–68 °C. Only above 70 °C did a majority of consumers assess the coffee as too hot and none assessed it as too cold, albeit with 40% still assessing it as JAR. Complementary analyses indicate that beverage temperature over this range had little impact on assessments of the adequacy of flavor intensity, acidity, and mouthfeel, but did correlate slightly with overall liking and purchase intent. Overall, the results suggest that temperatures over the range of 58–66 °C maximize consumer acceptance, and that 68–70 °C is the minimum temperature range at which no consumers will assess black coffee as too cold.