bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of exogenous Ca on the physiology and growth indicators of pakchoi under foliar and root fluorine stress.
Authors: Liu Rui , Cui Si-fan , Gan Chun-dan , Yang Jinyan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Fluorine (F) is not an essential element for vegetation and excessive F can be phytotoxic to plant growth, which can cause fluorosis to human beings by ingesting F-contaminated plant. Although there have been some studies focusing on the toxicity of F to plants and propose that some substance which have calcium (Ca) as its principal component could be a retardant, atmospheric F contamination to vegetation and the role of the application of foliar Ca are scantly reported. This study deals with F exposure approaches of roots and leaves of pakchoi, together with the foliar application of Ca(NO3)2, and analyses some biochemical parameters to evaluate F toxicity under both exposure and the remedial effects of foliar Ca. The results showed that F concentration of pakchoi leaves (LF) was correlated with exogenous F level positively in both foliar and root exposure series, and F concentration of pakchoi roots (RF) was only changed under root exposure treatments. Ca supplement (0.5, 1 g/L) significantly decreased plant F concentration. Both exposure treatments caused lipid peroxidation in plants and exogenous Ca alleviated the toxity of Fto pakchoi. Meanwhile, chlorophyll-a concentration was decreased by foliar and root F, whereas chlorophyll-b concentration was only affected by foliar F, and chlorophyll-a concentration could be elevated by exogenous Ca but chlorophyll-b could not. It was concluded that both atmospheric and root F can impaire pakchoi growth and disturb photosynthesis, and foliar Ca showed a retarder effect to F toxicity of plants through alleviating chlorophyll decomposition, increasing protein content and alleviating oxidative damage.
Survival benefit of radiotherapy and surgery in lung cancer brain metastases with poor prognosis factors
Authors: Liang Lun , Wang Zhenning , Duan Hao , He Zhenqiang , Lu Jie , Jiang Xiaobing , Hu Hongrong , Li Chang , Yu Chengwei , Zhong Sheng , Cui Run , Guo Xiaoyu , Deng Meiling , Chen Yuanyuan , Du Xiaojing , Wu Shaoxiong , Chen Likun , Mou Yonggao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Radiotherapy and surgery are the standard local treatments for lung cancer brain metastases (BMs). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of radiotherapy and surgery in lung cancer BMs with poor prognosis factors.
Methods
We analyzed retrospectively 714 patients with lung cancer BMs. Analyses of overall survival (OS) and risk factors for OS were assessed by log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard model.
Results
Age ≥ 65 years, Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score ≤ 70, anaplastic large-cell lymphoma kinase (ALK)/epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) wild type and extracranial metastases were related to poor prognosis. Patients were stratified according to these poor prognosis factors. In patients with ALK/EGFR wild type, whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT), stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and surgery improved the OS of patients (p = 0.028, p = 0.044, p = 0.014). WBRT (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.49–0.92; p = 0.01) and SRS (HR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.43–0.99; p = 0.04) were the independent protective factors for OS in the multivariate analyses. In patients with extracranial metastases, patients who received WBRT plus SRS or WBRT alone had longer OS than those who did not receive radiotherapy (p = 0.019, p = 0.024). WBRT plus SRS (HR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.29–0.87; p = 0.01) and WBRT (HR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.58–0.95; p = 0.02) were the independent protective factors for OS in the multivariate analyses.
Conclusions
Radiotherapy and surgery provide survival benefits for lung cancer BMs with ALK/EGFR wild type, suggesting local treatments may be alternatives to targeted therapy for patients with ALK/EGFR wild type.
Neutrophil extracellular traps formation and citrullinated histones 3 level in patients with Kawasaki disease
Authors: Hu Jing , Qian Wei , Ling Jingjing , Xu Tao , Wang Tianhe , Shi yingzuo , Ju Liang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a vasculitis associated with vascular injury and autoimmune response. Vascular endothelial injury plays a key role in the occurrence and development of vasculitis in Kawasaki disease. In this study, we sought to determine the change of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and Citrullinated histone 3(H3Cit )in KD.
Methods: The children with KD in our hospital were recruited,2ml of peripheral venous blood was taken before accept treatment, and sent for examination of NETs by flow cytometry. The level of H3Cit was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results: Compared to the healthy control group, the count of NETs in acute KD group were significantly increased (P<0.01). The level of H3Cit was significantly higher in acute KD group than that in healthy control subjects. Of note, in comparation with acute KD group, the counts of NETs and the level of H3Cit were both decreased in KD patients treated with IVIG (P<0.01).
Conclusions: Acute KD is characterized by increased formation of NETs and high level of H3Cit. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG )significantly inhibited NETs formation and also reduce the level of plasma H3Cit in children with KD
Gradient-Boosted Convolutional Neural Network Malware Detection Technique for Android Smartphones
Authors: Chimeleze Collins U. , Jamil Norziana , Teh Je Sen , Rahim Fiza Abdul , Cob Zaihisma Che 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Malware is malicious software designed to damage or infiltrate a computer system without the user's knowledge. Malware detection includes the process of detecting the presence of malware on the host system or determining whether the type of program is malicious or benign. Recently, machine learning (ML) algorithms have been used to detect malware effectively. Unfortunately, the core techniques require extensive feature learning, engineering and representation, which increases the computational time, error rate ratio and improves recall. The feature engineering phase of these methods can be alleviated by using more advanced ML approaches during the detection phase. In this article, we propose a gradient-boosted convolutional neural network (GB-CNN) to detect malware in Android smartphones. This proposed technique uses entropy-based feature selection technique to select relevant Android features and APKs. These selected features are fed to deep learning for classification. The classification results are then optimized by gradient boost machine learning. Comparative results show that GB-CNN outperforms other existing deep learning –based detection techniques, and is especially suitable for malware detection on Android devices, with improvements in terms of accuracy (3%), precision (1%) ,F-measure (1%), runtime (1.415SI), AUC (3.5%), recall (2%),TNR (2%),TPR (5%),FNR (15%), error rate (35%), and FPR (52%) on Android application sets. These improvements stem from optimizing the convolutional network with gradient boosting machine during the malware detection phase.
An implementation of the matrix method using Chebyshev grid
Authors: Shen Shui-Fa , Qian Wei-Liang , Guo Hong , Zhang Shao-Jun , Li Jin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this work, we explore the properties of the matrix method for black hole quasinormal modes on the nonuniform grid.In particular, the method is implemented to be adapted to the Chebyshev grid, aimed at effectively suppressing Runge's phenomenon.It is found that while such an implementation is favorable from a mathematical point of view, in practice, the increase in precision does not necessarily compensate for the penalty in computational time.On the other hand, the original matrix method, though subject to Runge's phenomenon, is shown to be reasonably robust and suffices for most applications with a moderate grid number.In terms of computational time and obtained significant figures, we carried out an analysis regarding the trade-off between the two aspects.The implications of the present study are also addressed.
Limnoperna fortuneias an invasive biofouling bivalve species in freshwater: a review of its occurrence, biological traits, risks, and control strategies
Authors: Zhang Ruihua , Zhang Yunhui , Fei Xiali , Hou Yingna , Shi Jun , Li Enchao , Chu Wenhai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConcerns have been raised about the significant biofouling and environmental problems caused by the large numbers of Limnoperna fortunei clinging to water intake facilities. This review first provides a summary of the occurrence of L. fortunei in typical regions including China, South America, and Japan. Furthermore, this article provides a comprehensive overview of the biological traits, risks, and control of L. fortunei. Importantly, the planktonic larval stage is a critical period for the expansion of L. fortunei. Its biofouling process mainly relies on the adhesion of byssus to substrates. Various physical and chemical methods have been proposed and used to control L. fortunei. Among these methods, sodium hypochlorite has been shown to be effective in preventing the adhesion of L. fortunei by dissolving its byssus at much lower concentrations. Overall, effective and environmental-friendly antifouling strategies are still rare, particularly in drinking water treatment systems, and are encouraged to develop in future studies. This review not only provides a comprehensive understanding of L. fortunei but also helps to guide the prevention and control of L. fortunei.
O mundo-fronteira
Authors: Arantes Paulo Eduardo 
Published: November 2022

Paulo Arantes explora a imagem original de fronteira que nasce com a modernidade e reflete sobre seus desdobramentos na atualidade geopolítica. O ponto de partida é a tese do sociólogo polonês Zygmunt Bauman de que os atentados de 11 de setembro de 2001 teriam marcado o fim simbólico da “era do espaço” e inaugurado uma era de vulnerabilidade permanente que ele denomina “terra de fronteira global”. Arantes recupera a teoria schmittiana de “nomos da terra” para explicar a transformação em curso. Interessa-lhe sobretudo o poder de desmistificação do pensamento liberal moderno que a franqueza do jurista alemão reacionário oferece. Afinal, sua teoria da vinculação intrínseca entre ordenamento jurídico e enraizamento espacial permite reconhecer na descoberta do Novo Mundo e na experiência colonial a precondição da instauração do jus publicum eruropaeum, do reconhecimento mútuo de Estados soberanos europeus e da consequente racionalização e descriminalização da guerra próprios da constituição do capitalismo. Na contramão da euforia globalizante da ideologia contemporânea, a teoria de Schmitt revela como o núcleo orgânico do capitalismo e sua periferia colonial surgem juntos e devem terminar separados, pois o fosso entre ambas seria constitutivo. A segunda consequência extraída é de que se o fundamento do estado de direito na Europa é seu avesso no ultramar, esse processo também é coetâneo de um pensamento por linhas globais. É nesse contexto que Arantes procura refletir sobre a novidade identificada por Bauman e já intuída por Schmitt no pós-guerra com o surgimento de uma potência nacional fora da Europa e que passa a reivindicar autoridade sobre um espaço já não é mais nacional. Demarcando uma nova linha global denominada “hemisfério ocidental”, os EUA inaugurariam também um novo conceito de soberania que despreza a antiga noção de anexação territorial e desarticula a relação intrínseca entre direito, Estado e territorialidade – processo que remonta tanto ao esgotamento da sangrenta expansão na frontier estadunidense quanto à vitória bélica avassaladora da jovem nação americana no desfecho das guerras mundiais às portas da Era Atômica. Os atentados contra o World Trade Center e os desmandos da política externa do Governo Bush aparecem assim como apenas as manifestações mais recentes e vistosas desse novo paradigma histórico em que tudo tornou-se fronteira e cuja marca é a generalização do estado de sítio. (Resenha por Artur Renzo)
Alternative Approach of Nutraceuticals in Management of Diabetes
Mellitus
Authors: Kumar Virender , Bajaj Ridhi , Shekhawat Manisha , Rani Anu , Singh Gajendra 
Published: November 2022

Background:
High mortality and shortened lifespan are two of the major concerns associated
with diabetes mellitus. Sedentary lifestyles and unhealthy diets play a significant role in
the alarming rise in diabetes prevalence. Bringing this under control can be significantly helped
by nutritional intervention and increased physical activity. Mainly, nutraceuticals are gaining the
interest of people of all age groups as they benefit the population with various health benefits and
are a suitable fit in today’s changing lifestyle.

Objective:
In this study, nutraceuticals will be evaluated in the context of diabetes.

Methods:
The literature survey was executed using PubMed, Elsevier, and Google Scholar. The
keywords used for searching the literature are diabetes, herbal, nutraceuticals, protein, vitamin
and food.

Results:
The review addresses the role of the nutraceuticals in treatment of diabetes.

Conclusion:
In this review, we summarize nutraceuticals with anti-diabetic properties and investigate
the possibility of a different approach of polypathy in managing diabetes.
The Experiences of Parents of Youth Abusing Substances in the Selected Hospitals in Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Hlahla L.S. , Nurs M. , Mothiba T. M. 
Published: November 2022

Background:
It is in the parents’ interest to protect their youth and keep them away from substance abuse. It can be particularly disturbing for them to learn that their youth child abuses substances. When a youth abuses the substance, it is normal for parents to experience feelings of guilt and sadness. Stress levels can increase when caring for a youth abusing substances.

Methods:
A qualitative approach was used in the study. The explorative, descriptive, and contextual design was adopted to explore the experiences of parents of youth abusing substances. Purposive sampling was used to identify the participants for the study. Data was collected through Semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using Tesch’s steps for qualitative data analysis.

Results:
Results indicated that the parents go through various experiences, including poor physical health, poor emotional health, lack of knowledge related to substance abuse, lack of knowledge on where to get help, and inability to assist their youth out of substances. They also lack knowledge of substances abuse.

Conclusion:
The study findings indicated that the parents of youth abusing substances have diverse experiences when dealing with their youth abusing substances. Parents should be equipped with knowledge and skills to manage different situations as they arise. This can be achieved through substance abuse awareness campaigns for the parents.
Prevalence of Smoking and its Associated Factors among Adolescent Males in Bangladesh: A Community Survey
Authors: Imamuzzaman Muhammad , Muhammad Faisal , Haque Imdadul , Ahmed Kawsar , Mukta Kanij Fatema , Reuben Rine Christopher , Chowdhury A.B.M. Alauddin , Basher Shahidul 
Published: November 2022

Background:Smoking is considered the symbol of adulthood and a “friend” during stress and loneliness to many adolescent people. It is well established that most adults start tobacco use in late childhood or adolescence. This study aimed to determine the smoking prevalence and its influencing factors among Adolescent males in a selected community in Bangladesh.Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December 2019 among adolescent males in Savar Upazila, Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 472 adolescent males were recruited through the household survey using a proportional probability sampling (P.P.S.) procedure. The sociodemographic and smoking information was collected using an interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire. Various statistical analyses were performed.Results:The Prevalence of smoking was 25.0%. The bivariate analysis showed that age, religion, education, occupation, peer influence, and social stigma for the attraction were all associated (P<0.05) with smoking among adolescents. The multivariate analysis revealed that the smoking risk was six times higher (OR=6.46, 95% CI: 3.49-11.98) among the participants who see the smoking habit makes people more attractive and happier, about forty-two times (OR=41.9, 95% CI: 10.1-173.3) among those with a friend who smokes, about twenty times higher (OR=19.89, 95% CI: 9.2-42.8) among those who had a smoker in the family and more than two times higher (OR=2.721, 95% CI: 1.16-6.4) among respondents who had higher secondary & above level of education.Conclusion:In Bangladesh, particularly in rural regions, little is known regarding the incidence of adolescent smoking and associated risk factors. Peer pressure, stress, anxiety, weight loss, copying popular culture, celebrity influence, and tobacco product availability were critical factors in the study participants' decision to smoke. As a result, special regulations and actions should be implemented to curb current adolescent smoking patterns.
Use of General Practitioner Telehealth Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Regional Victoria, Australia: Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Savira Feby , Orellana Liliana , Hensher Martin , Gao Lan , Sanigorski Andrew , Mc Namara Kevin , Versace Vincent L , Szakiel John , Swann Jamie , Manias Elizabeth , Peeters Anna 
Published: November 2022

Background
In March 2020, the Australian Government expanded general practitioner (GP) telehealth services in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective
This study sought to assess use patterns of GP telehealth services in response to changing circumstances (before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and with or without a lockdown) in regional Victoria, Australia.

Methods
We conducted a secondary analysis of monthly Medicare claims data from July 2019 to June 2021 from 140 regional GP practices in Western Victoria. The longitudinal patterns of proportion of GP telehealth consultations stratified by type of consultation (ie, videoconference vs telephone) and by geographical, consumer, and consultation characteristics were analyzed.

Results
Telehealth comprised 25.8% (522,932/2,025,615) of GP consultations over the 2-year period. After the introduction of the Australian telehealth expansion policy in March 2020, there was a rapid uptake in GP telehealth services (including telephone and video services), from 0% before COVID-19 to 15% (11,854/80,922) of all consultations in March 2020, peaking at 55% (50,828/92,139) in August 2020. Thereafter, the use of telehealth declined steadily to 31% (23,941/77,344) in January 2021 and tapered off to 28% (29,263/103,798) in June 2021. Telephone services and shorter consultations were the most dominant form, and those aged 15-64 years had higher telehealth use rates than younger or older age groups. The proportion of video consultations was higher during periods with government-imposed lockdowns and higher in the most socioeconomically advantaged areas compared to less socioeconomically advantaged areas.

Conclusions
Our findings support the continuation of telehealth use in rural and regional Australia post pandemic. Future policy must identify mechanisms to reduce existing equity gaps in video consultations and consider patient- and system-level implications of the dominant use of short telephone consultations.
Implementation of a Hardware-Assisted Bluetooth-Based COVID-19 Tracking Device in a High School: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Li Dan , Shelby Tyler , Brault Marie , Manohar Rajit , Vermund Sten , Hagaman Ashley , Forastiere Laura , Caruthers Tyler , Egger Emilie , Wang Yizhou , Manohar Nathan , Manohar Peter , Davis J Lucian , Zhou Xin 
Published: November 2022

Background
Contact tracing is a vital public health tool used to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. However, traditional interview-format contact tracing (TCT) is labor-intensive and time-consuming and may be unsustainable for large-scale pandemics such as COVID-19.

Objective
In this study, we aimed to address the limitations of TCT. The Yale School of Engineering developed a Hardware-Assisted Bluetooth-based Infection Tracking (HABIT) device. Following the successful implementation of HABIT in a university setting, this study sought to evaluate the performance and implementation of HABIT in a high school setting using an embedded mixed methods design.

Methods
In this pilot implementation study, we first assessed the performance of HABIT using mock case simulations in which we compared contact tracing data collected from mock case interviews (TCT) versus Bluetooth devices (HABIT). For each method, we compared the number of close contacts identified and identification of unique contacts. We then conducted an embedded mixed methods evaluation of the implementation outcomes of HABIT devices using pre- and postimplementation quantitative surveys and qualitative focus group discussions with users and implementers according to the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance framework.

Results
In total, 17 students and staff completed mock case simulations in which 161 close contact interactions were detected by interview or Bluetooth devices. We detected significant differences in the number of close contacts detected by interview versus Bluetooth devices (P<.001), with most (127/161, 78.9%) contacts being reported by interview only. However, a significant number (26/161, 16.1%; P<.001) of contacts were uniquely identified by Bluetooth devices. The interface, ease of use, coherence, and appropriateness were highly rated by both faculty and students. HABIT provided emotional security to users. However, the prototype design and technical difficulties presented barriers to the uptake and sustained use of HABIT.

Conclusions
Implementation of HABIT in a high school was impeded by technical difficulties leading to decreased engagement and adherence. Nonetheless, HABIT identified a significant number of unique contacts not reported by interview, indicating that electronic technologies may augment traditional contact tracing once user preferences are accommodated and technical glitches are overcome. Participants indicated a high degree of acceptance, citing emotional reassurance and a sense of security with the device.