bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone mineral density and risk of breast cancer: A cohort study and Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Zhang Yanyu , Mao Xinhe , Yu Xingxing , Huang Xiaoxi , He Wei , Yang Haomin 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUNDEstrogen is involved in both bone metabolism and breast cancer proliferation. However, evidence about the risk of breast cancer according to women's bone mineral density (BMD) is scarce, and little is known about their causal associations.METHODSWomen participating in the UK Biobank cohort were used to investigate the association between BMD and the risk of breast cancer using Cox regression models. Instrumental variants associated with estimated BMD (eBMD) were extracted from genome‐wide association studies with European ancestry. Logistic regression was used to calculate the genetic association with breast cancer in the UK Biobank and 2‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to assess their causal associations with breast cancer. Finally, the pleiotropic conditional false discovery rate (cFDR) method was conducted to further detect common genetic variants between BMD and breast cancer.RESULTSCompared with the general population, postmenopausal women with BMD T scores <−2.5 had a lower risk of breast cancer (hazard ratio [HR], 0.77; 95% CI, 0.59‐1.00), and this effect was stronger in women with fracture (HR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.12‐0.82). In MR analysis, no causal associations between eBMD and breast cancer were observed. The cFDR method identified 63 pleiotropic loci associated with both BMD and breast cancer, of which CCDC170, ESR1, and FTO might play crucial roles in their pleiotropy.CONCLUSIONSAn association between BMD and the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in the UK Biobank was observed, whereas no evidence supported their causal association. Instead, their association could be explained by pleiotropic genetic variants leading to the pathology of osteoporosis and breast cancer.
COSAC's Only Gas Chromatogram Taken on Comet 67P/Churyumov‐Gerasimenko
Authors: Leseigneur Guillaume , Bredehöft Jan Hendrik , Gautier Thomas , Giri Chaitanya , Krüger Harald , MacDermott Alexandra J. , Meierhenrich Uwe J. , Muñoz Caro Guillermo M. , Raulin François , Steele Andrew , Szopa Cyril , Thiemann Wolfram , Ulamec Stephan , Goesmann Fred 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Philae lander of the Rosetta space mission made a non‐nominal landing on comet 67P/Churyumov‐Gerasimenko on November 12, 2014. Shortly after, using the limited power available from Philae's batteries, the COSAC instrument performed a single 18‐minutes gas chromatogram, which has remained unpublished until now due to the lack of identifiable elution. This work shows that, despite the unsuccessful drilling of the comet and deposition of surface material in the SD2 ovens, the measurements from the COSAC instrument were executed nominally. We describe an automated search for extremely small deviations from noise and discuss the possibility of a signal from ethylene glycol at m/z 31. Arguments for and against this detection are listed, but the results remain inconclusive. Still, the successful operations of an analytical chemistry laboratory on a cometary nucleus gives great hope for the future of space exploration.
Modulation of Intersystem Crossing by Chemical Composition and Solvent Effects: Benzophenone, Anthrone and Fluorenone
Authors: Metz Simon , Marian Christel M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCombined density functional theory and multireference configuration interaction methods including spin‐orbit coupling and spin‐vibronic interactions have been used to elucidate the photophysical pathways of benzophenone (BP), anthrone (A) and fluorenone (FL). Our results reveal that the slower S1(1nπ*)
T1(3ππ*) passage of FL in the gas phase, as compared to BP and A, originates from the different electronic structures of the T1(3ππ*) states in these compounds and is not related to the planarity of the nuclear arrangement. Temperature eﬀects on the rate constants of intersystem‐crossing (ISC), reverse ISC (rISC) and fluorescence have been investigated for FL in solvents of diﬀerent polarity. Experimentally observed trends for rate constants are well reproduced. A nearly temperature‐ and solvent‐independent, slower down‐hill ISC component is attributed to the El‐Sayed‐forbidden S1(1ππ*) T1(3ππ*) transition in these environments. The faster El‐Sayed‐allowed S1(1ππ*) T2(3nπ*) ISC requires thermal activation in tetrahydrofuran and acetonitrile solution so that fluorescence may compete against triplet formation. In cyclohexane solution, S1(1ππ*) and T2(3nπ*) are nearly degenerate according to our calculations. Hence S1 T2 ISC and S1
T2 rISC have similar rate constants. If T2 T1 internal conversion could be slowed down by deuteration or perfluorination, for example, FL‐derivatives might show delayed fluorescence.
Volatiles profiling in heated cheese as analyzed using headspace solid‐phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry
Authors: El‐Shamy Sherine , Farag Mohamed A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCheese is one of the most common fermented dairy foods consumed worldwide. Despite being extensively used, the heating effect on cheese flavor and chemistry has yet to be reported. The impact of heat on cheese aroma profile was assessed using headspace solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). A total of 50 volatiles were identified to encompass fatty acid‐derived compounds (82%, 75%, and 87%), nitrogenous (7%, 12%, and 10%), aromatics (6%, 2%, and 0.8%), amino acids derived volatiles (1%, 5%, and 0.7%), sugar derived volatile organic compounds (1%–3%), and terpenes (0.5%–3%) in the heated edam, emmental, and gouda cheese, respectively. The fatty acid‐derived volatiles (methyl ketones and fatty acids) are likely to contribute to its flavor amounting to 75%–87% in heated gouda, edam, and emmental cheese aroma profile. Nitrogenous compounds amounted for the second abundant class in all heated cheese at 7%–12% represented by alkyl pyrazines, whereas N‐nitrosopiperidine a toxic chemical was found only in heated emmental cheese. This study provides the first approach for the use of cold extraction techniques such as SPME coupled with GC‐MS to characterize the aroma profile of three major heated cheese, that is, edam, emmental, and gouda analyzed using chemometric tools in comparison to cold cheese. This study is the first to discuss the generation or not of hazardous compounds (N‐nitrosopiperidine) in heated cheese that could negatively affect human health upon consumption.
Experimental performance of a multi‐storey braced frame structure with non‐structural industrial components subjected to synthetic ground motions
Authors: Nardin Chiara , Bursi Oreste S. , Paolacci Fabrizio , Pavese Alberto , Quinci Gianluca 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe seismic risk assessment of industrial facilities mainly relies on historical data and the analysis and design of uncoupled secondary components. Accordingly, the dynamic interaction between primary structures and process equipment is overlooked. The SPIF project – Seismic Performance of Multi‐Component Systems in Special Risk Industrial Facilities – was carried out to respond to this gap, within the European H2020 SERA framework. Its objective regarded the investigation of the seismic behaviour of an archetype industrial multi‐storey steel moment resisting frame (MRF) structure equipped with non‐structural components (NSCs) by means of shaking table tests. The goal of the proposed study was to extend the interaction analysis between a primary multi‐storey braced frame (BF) steel structure and NSCs in a performance‐based earthquake engineering (PBEE) perspective. Along this vein, to excite the vibration periods of the NSCs and thus enhance possible coupling with the primary structure, a synthetic site‐based ground motion model (GMM) was employed. More precisely, the proposed research intended: (i) to severely excite the process equipment and supplement the scarcity of real records with a specific frequency content by means of a stochastic GMM; (ii) to quantify seismic‐induced force and displacement demands of secondary components and their effects on the primary BF structure. The evaluation of the experimental data clearly shows buckling in the bracing system of the BF configuration and a strong interaction between vertical tanks and floor crossbeams of the BF. At the very least, the favourable performance of the archetype BF under strong seismic records is demonstrated.
Raising thermal efficiency of solar water‐pump using Oldroyd‐B nanofluids' flow: An optimal thermal application
Authors: Shahzad Faisal , Jamshed Wasim , Devi. S Suriya Uma , Safdar Rabia , Prakash M. , Ibrahim Rabha W. , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Eid Mohamed R. , Alanazi Meznah M. , Yahia Ibrahim S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIt is well known that solar energy is the main source of thermal energy coming from the sun responsible for huge operations in engineering studies. It can be seen in the technology of photovoltaic cells, solar streetlights, solar energy plates, and solar water pumping. This study is for investigating solar radiation as well as a method to improve the performance of the solar water pump (SWP) with the use of solar radiation along with nanotechnology. The thermal transfer performance of the pump is checked for the case of many impacts including heat radiations and variable thermal conductivity. An Oldroyd‐B nanofluid with entropy production analysis has been scrutinized as a working coolant liquid in the system. Graphene oxide (GO) and Cu nanoparticles have been employed in engine oil (EO) as the base liquid. It is noticed that the heat transfer performance of SWP increases in the case of amplification in thermal radiation and temperature‐dependent thermal conductivity characteristics. In comparison to low thermal conductivity nanofluid, high thermal conductivity nanofluid provides the best capability for heat transmission. The thermal efficiency of the used (GO/EG) nanofluid has been enhanced by between 7.70% and 26.68% than (Cu/EO) nanofluid.
The heavy LIFT: An approach to retention for HBCUs
Authors: Lyn Jamila S. , Winfield James K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn campus environments where resources are low and demand for student and institutional success are high, there is an increased need to build a collaborative network and team aimed at advancing advising practices that promote retention, persistence, and navigation of resources for students. This chapter illustrates the use of a team‐based approach, known as the LIFT framework, at Benedict College, a small private HBCU in Columbia, South Carolina. This framework allowed the institution to leverage campus resources, innovate the faculty advising model in collaboration with practices from a centralized Student Success Center, focus on barriers to campus resource navigation, and tailor best practices to institutional needs and priorities. The LIFT framework is not only important to HBCUs but also transferable to any institutions that want to center the needs of underserved students.
Intraoperative delineation of p16+ oropharyngeal carcinoma of unknown primary origin with fluorescence lifetime imaging: Preliminary report
Authors: Weyers Brent W. , Birkeland Andrew C. , Marsden Mark A. , Tam Athena , Bec Julien , Frusciante Roberto P. , Gui Dorina , Bewley Arnaud F. , Abouyared Marianne , Marcu Laura , Farwell Donald Gregory 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluated whether fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIm), coupled with standard diagnostic workups, could enhance primary lesion detection in patients with p16+ head and neck squamous cell carcinoma of the unknown primary (HNSCCUP).MethodsFLIm was integrated into transoral robotic surgery to acquire optical data on six HNSCCUP patients' oropharyngeal tissues. An additional 55‐patient FLIm dataset, comprising conventional primary tumors, trained a machine learning classifier; the output predicted the presence and location of HNSCCUP for the six patients. Validation was performed using histopathology.ResultsAmong the six HNSCCUP patients, p16+ occult primary was surgically identified in three patients, whereas three patients ultimately had no identifiable primary site in the oropharynx. FLIm correctly detected HNSCCUP in all three patients (ROC‐AUC: 0.90 ± 0.06), and correctly predicted benign oropharyngeal tissue for the remaining three patients. The mean sensitivity was 95% ± 3.5%, and specificity 89% ± 12.7%.ConclusionsFLIm may be a useful diagnostic adjunct for detecting HNSCCUP.
Medical device related pressure ulcers in Jordan: Prevalence study among critically ill patients
Authors: Najjar Yahya W. , Saleh Mohammad Y. , Hassan Zeinab M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundMedical device‐related pressure ulcers are increasingly common in critical care units. These ulcers can be complicated due to the necessity of the device for diagnosis or treatment.PurposeTo determine the prevalence of and risk for medical device‐related pressure ulcers in critical care units in Jordan in addition to identifying the preventive measures for those ulcers as well as identifying the most frequently used medical devices that cause ulcers and to assess the relationships between prevention measures and developing ulcers.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was used to assess ulcers among 318 patients who were elder than 18 years old. Data collection was based on an outline published by the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, Braden Scale, and an author‐developed specific checklist.ResultsThe prevalence rate of medical device‐related pressure ulcers was 38.1%. Most affected sites were sacrum and heel, and most affected were those with old age, being admitted to public hospitals, and with a prolonged hospital stay. About half of the patients (46.3%) had severe risk. Only 17% of the patients who were at risk got adequate preventive measures. Face masks, endotracheal tubes, pulse oximetry probes, and intravenous catheters were associated with almost half of the ulcers.ConclusionMedical device‐related pressure ulcers are threats to patient safety and quality of nursing care in hospitals, which require determining appropriate preventive measures. Key messages:Medical device‐related pressure ulcers are common among patients in critical care units, which raise the need to evaluate the prevalence of such type of ulcers in those patients.Three hundred and eighteen patients were investigated for the prevalence of medical device‐related pressure ulcers through a cross‐sectional survey.Patients in critical care units in Jordan had a high prevalence rate for medical device‐related pressure ulcers, which require the need to apply appropriate preventive measures.
Swimming of microbes in entropy optimized nano‐bioconvective flow of Prandtl–Erying fluid
Authors: Rana B. M. Jewel , Arifuzzaman S. M. , Islam Saiful , Reza‐E‐Rabbi Sk. , Hossain Khan Enaet , Ahmmed Sarder Firoz , Khan Md. Shakhaoath 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMicrobes swimming in a fluid that contains nanoparticles is an intriguing characteristic having ramifications in biomedicine, petroleum science, biofuels, and biotechnology applications. This study gives a theoretical evaluation of the bioconvection phenomena with swimming microorganisms in a Prandtl–Erying nanofluid constructed by an exponential stretched surface, given the amazing applications of bioconvection and nanoparticles. Additionally, the problem is modeled by considering intriguing phenomena such as thermophoretic particle deposition, Darcy–Forchheimer medium, exothermic/endothermic process, and activation energy vitality. The leading problem comprises nonlinear, coupled, partial differential expressions. To run the appraisal process, the controlling problem is transfigured into dimensionless patterns through the usual transformations. A computational finite difference approach is used to quantify the numerical evaluation of fabricated flow problems. To obtain the parametric constraints, stability and convergency were also assessed. Improved visualizations (streamlines, isothermal line, iso‐concentration, iso‐microorganisms) of ongoing flow fields are also illustrated. It is unveiled that the augmentation in velocity ratio factor improves nanofluid velocity and its related boundary layer wideness. The concentration of microbes and nanoparticles is reduced against the bio‐Lewis number and Lewis number precisely. The rate of change in heat transfer is the highest for the presence/absence of the thermophoresis factor. Moreover, Entropy production and Bejan number display the reverse impact for the Brinkman number. The change in entropy rate is 30.60% for the presence/absence of microbes' diffusion parameter. This evaluation could help reduce energy waste and improve the performance and efficiency of industrial and engineering appliances like nuclear power plants, and solar energy production.
A novel DeepML framework for multi‐classification of breast cancer based on transfer learning
Authors: Sharma Mukta , Mandloi Ayush , Bhattacharya Mahua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the automated diagnosis of breast cancer (BC), microscopic images based on multi‐classification play a prominent role. Multi‐classification of BC means to differentiate among the sub‐categories of BC (papillary carcinoma, ductal carcinoma, fibroadenoma, etc.). However, unpretentious contrasts in various sub‐categories of BC occur due to the wide fluctuation of 1) excessive coherency of malignant cells, 2) high definition image appearance, and 3) excessive heterogeneity in color distribution, which makes the task more crucial. Therefore, the automated sub‐category discrimination using microscopic images has great medical diagnostic significance yet has not much explored. Thus, the present paper proposes a framework based on machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) to multi‐classify BC cells into 8 sub‐categories. These 8 sub‐categories comprise four kinds that delineate benigncy, and the other four portray malignancy. More appropriately, both the ML and DL models with the concept of transfer learning have been proposed as DeepML framework to achieve multi‐classification of BC using histopathological images. The DeepML framework has achieved distinguished performance (approx. 98% & 89% average accuracy for 90–10% and 80–20% train‐test split, respectively) on a wide scale dataset, which intimate the quality of the proposed framework among existing approaches.
Evaluation of sugarcane irrigation using AquaCrop model and remote sensing
Authors: Rahimi Jamnani Mostafa , Mirzaei Farhad , Liaghat Abdolmajid 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIran has an arid to semi‐arid climate where water resources are limited. Irrigation planning plays an essential role in the growth and development of crops. This study aims to enhance the current status of irrigation scheduling and improve farm water management on sugarcane farms in Khuzestan province, Iran. The AquaCrop model and the surface energy balance algorithm for land (SEBAL) were used to simulate sugarcane growth and performed well in estimating actual evapotranspiration and final yield based on the calibration and validation results. Four irrigation scenarios were considered: scenario 1, irrigation according to the current situation; scenario 2, irrigation based on maximum allowable depletion (40%–55%); scenario 3, irrigation based on field capacity; and scenario 4, deficit irrigation (causes 5% reduction in yield). Water efficiency based on water consumption (WPIR), transpiration rate (WPTr), and evapotranspiration rate (WPET) were estimated to compare the scenarios in terms of water consumption. Scenario 3 was the selected scenario in which WPIR, WPTr, and WPET were increased about 108.3%, 2.1%, and 1.0%, respectively. Finally, the scenarios were evaluated economically, and the results showed that improving irrigation management slightly increased the benefit.
Neonatal subchronic toxicity and in vitro genotoxicity studies of the human‐identical milk oligosaccharide 3‐fucosyllactose
Authors: Phipps Kirt R. , Lozon Dayna , Stannard Diane R. , Gilby Ben , Baldwin Nigel , Mikš Marta Hanna , Lau Annette , Röhrig Christoph H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHuman milk oligosaccharides, such as 3‐fucosyllactose (3‐FL), are bioactive components of breast milk associated with benefits for infant growth and development. Structurally identical compounds (human‐identical milk oligosaccharides—HiMOs) can be produced using microbial fermentation, allowing their use in infant formula to increase its similarity with human milk. Toxicological studies are required to demonstrate safety of HiMOs and that of any impurities potentially carried over from the manufacturing process. Biotechnologically produced 3‐FL was tested for potential genotoxicity (bacterial reverse mutation test and in vitro mammalian micronucleus test) and subchronic toxicity (90‐day study with neonatal rats). In the 90‐day study, 3‐FL was administered by gavage to rats once daily from Day 7 of age, at doses up to 4000 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day (the maximum feasible dose), followed by a 4‐week recovery period. Reference controls received 4000 mg/kg bw/day of oligofructose, an ingredient permitted for use in infant formula. Results for the genotoxicity studies were negative. In the 90‐day study, there were no adverse effects of 3‐FL on any of the parameters measured; thus, the no‐observed‐adverse‐effect level (NOAEL) was 4000 mg/kg bw/day (the highest dose tested). These results support the safety of biotechnologically produced 3‐FL for use in infant formula and other foods.
“Buy, wear, return, repeat”: Investigating Chinese consumers' attitude and intentions to engage in wardrobing
Authors: Phau Ian , Akintimehin Olamide Oluwabusola , Shen Bin , Cheah Isaac 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSocial factors are the major antecedents to attitude and intention to engage in wardrobing among Chinese luxury‐fashion consumers within an e‐commerce context. Fraudulent product returns (wardrobing) are most common within the e‐commerce retail luxury‐fashion sector. Western retail luxury‐fashion consumers attribute their attitude and wardrobing intentions to various personality and social factors, while the motivations of Chinese consumers to engage in wardrobing is mainly linked to key social factors like experience and knowledge of return policy. From a practical and managerial perspective, the fundamental role of cultural differences emerging from our findings compared to previous studies offers retail executives a greater understanding of product return strategy.