bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change impacts on linkages between atmospheric blocking and North American winter cold spells in CanESM2 and CanESM5
Authors: Jeong Dae Il , Yu Bin , Cannon Alex J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study investigates changes in linkages between atmospheric blocking and winter (December–February) cold spells over the Pacific-North America region in two large-ensembles of Canadian Earth System Models (CanESM2 and CanESM5 under high-emission scenarios). The two ensembles show decreases in winter blocking frequency over the North Pacific from 1981–2010 baseline to 2071–2100, with larger decreases in CanESM5 (− 3.08%/decade) than CanESM2 (− 1.73%/decade). Using a time-invariant (stationary) threshold estimated from the baseline to define cold days, the two ensembles project a decline in cold spell events as future air temperature increases; the occasional occurrence of cold spell events is still projected to occur at the end of the century. Using a time-dependent (nonstationary) climatological threshold, CanESM2 and CanESM5 ensembles project modest decreases in cold spell days over North America (− 2.0 and − 2.3%/decade). With the nonstationary threshold, the two ensembles project decreases in winter cold spell frequency during blocking, with larger decreases in CanESM5 (13%) than CanESM2 (3%) for 2071–2100 period compared to the baseline. The two ensembles display similar blocking-cold spell linkages between the baseline and future periods; however, the linkage is weaker and exhibits larger uncertainty in the future. Moreover, temperature advection and net heat flux anomalies during blocking are generally weaker for the future period, resulting in weaker impacts on North American cold spells with larger uncertainty associated with increases in internal-variability.
Estimating future rainfall distributions in a changing climate for water resource planning: Victoria, Australia
Authors: Rauniyar Surendra P. , Power Scott B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHere we use observations and simulations from 40 global climate models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), under preindustrial, historical, and a high emission scenario (RCP8.5) to provide estimates of Victorian cool season (April–October) rainfall for the coming century. This includes a new method which exploits recent research that estimated the relative contribution of external forcing and natural variability to the observed multidecadal decline in cool season rainfall in Victoria from 1997. The new method is aimed at removing the influence of external forcing on Victoria’s cool-season rainfall, effectively rendering a stationary time-series. The resulting historical record is then modified by scaling derived from the mean projected change evident in climate models out to 2100. The results suggest that the median value of the All-Victoria rainfall PDF will decrease monotonically over the remainder of the twenty-first century under RCP8.5. The likelihood that All-Victoria rainfall in any given year from 2025 onward will be below the observed 5th percentile of the observations (291 mm) increases monotonically, becoming three times larger by the end of the century. The new method is assessed using cross-validation and its ability to hindcast observed multidecadal rainfall change. The latter indicates that CMIP5 models poorly replicate recent interdecadal rainfall change. So, while we have more confidence in the new method because it accounts for the non-stationarity in the observed climate, limitations in the CMIP5 models results in us having low confidence in the reliability of the estimated future rainfall distributions.
Individually tailored nutritional guidance improved dietary intake of older family caregivers: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Koponen Sohvi , Nykänen Irma , Savela Roosa-Maria , Välimäki Tarja , Suominen Anna Liisa , Schwab Ursula 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Older family caregivers (FCs) are vulnerable to insufficient dietary intake and risk of malnutrition. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of individually tailored nutritional guidance on the dietary intake and nutritional status of older FCs and their care recipients’ (CRs’) nutritional status.

Methods
This study was a randomized controlled 6-month nutrition intervention in Eastern Finland. The inclusion criteria for FCs were having a home-living CR aged 65 or above and a valid care allowance. The exclusion criterion was CR receiving end-of-life care at baseline. Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention (FCs n = 63, CRs n = 59) and a control (FCs n = 50, CRs n = 48) group. Individually tailored nutritional guidance targeted to FCs was given to an intervention group by a clinical nutritionist. The main outcomes were dietary intake (3-day food record).

Results
After the 6-month intervention, 63 FCs and 59 CRs in the intervention group and 50 FCs and 48 CRs in the control group were analyzed. In the intervention group of FCs, the intakes of protein, riboflavin, calcium, potassium, phosphorus, and iodine differed significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. In addition, the intake of vitamin D supplementation improved in the intervention group of the FCs and CRs (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Individually tailored nutrition guidance improves the intake levels of crucial nutrients, such as the intake levels of protein, vitamin D, and calcium of the FCs. Further studies are warranted to optimize the methods to improve the nutrition of FCs.
Registration number of Clinical Trials: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04003493 (1 July 2019).
Rho GTPase-activating protein 10 (ARHGAP10/GRAF2) is a novel autoantibody target in patients with autoimmune encephalitis
Authors: Jarius Sven , Komorowski Lars , Regula Jens U. , Haas Jürgen , Brakopp Stefanie , Wildemann Brigitte 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
In 2010, we described a novel immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibody (termed anti-Ca after the index case) targeting Rho GTPase-activating protein 26 (ARHGAP26, also termed GTPase regulator associated with focal adhesion kinase [GRAF], or oligophrenin-like protein 1 [OPHN1L]) in autoimmune cerebellar ataxia (ACA). Later, ARHGAP26-IgG/anti-Ca was reported in patients with limbic encephalitis/cognitive decline or peripheral neuropathy. In several of the reported cases, the syndrome was associated with cancer. ARHGAP10/GRAF2, which is expressed throughout the central nervous system, shares significant sequence homology with ARHGAP26/GRAF. Mutations in the ARHGAP10 gene have been linked to cognitive and psychiatric symptoms and schizophrenia.

Objective
To assess whether ARHGAP26-IgG/anti-Ca co-reacts with ARHGAP10.

Methods
Serological testing for ARHGAP10/GRAF2 autoantibodies by recombinant cell-based assays and isotype and IgG subclass analyses.

Results
26/31 serum samples (84%) from 9/12 (75%) ARHGAP26-IgG/anti-Ca-positive patients and 4/6 ARHGAP26-IgG/anti-Ca-positive CSF samples from four patients were positive also for ARHGAP10-IgG. ARHGAP10-IgG (termed anti-Ca2) remained detectable in the long-term (up to 109 months) and belonged mainly to the complement-activating IgG1 subclass. Median ARHGAP26-IgG/anti-Ca and median ARHGAP10-IgG/anti-Ca2 serum titres were 1:3200 and 1:1000, respectively, with extraordinarily high titres in some samples (ARHGAP26-IgG/anti-Ca: up to 1:1000,000; ARHGAP10-IgG: up to 1:32,000). ARHGAP26/anti-Ca serum titres exceeded those of ARHGAP10-IgG in all samples but one. A subset of patients was positive also for ARHGAP10-IgM and ARHGAP10-IgA. CSF/serum ratios and antibody index calculation suggested intrathecal production of ARHGAP26-IgG/anti-Ca and anti-ARHGAP10. Of 101 control samples, 100 were completely negative for ARHGAP10-IgG; a single control sample bound weakly (1:10) to the ARHGAP10-transfected cells.

Conclusions
We demonstrate that a substantial proportion of patients with ARHGAP26-IgG/anti-Ca-positive autoimmune encephalitis co-react with ARHGAP10. Further studies on the clinical and diagnostic implications of ARHGAP10-IgG/anti-Ca2 seropositivity in patients with autoimmune encephalitis are warranted.
Climate change and physical activity: ambient temperature and urban trail use in Texas
Authors: Lanza Kevin , Gohlke Julia , Wang Suwei , Sheffield Perry E. , Wilhelmi Olga 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Individuals in the USA are insufficiently active, increasing their chronic disease risk. Extreme temperatures may reduce physical activity due to thermal discomfort. Cooler climate studies have suggested climate change may have a net positive effect on physical activity, yet research gaps remain for warmer climates and within-day physical activity patterns. We determined the association between ambient temperatures (contemporary and projected) and urban trail use in a humid subtropical climate. At a trail in Austin, TX, five electronic counters recorded hourly pedestrian and cyclist counts in 2019. Weather data were acquired from World Weather Online. Generalized additive models estimated the association between temperature and trail counts. We then combined the estimated exposure–response relation with weather projections from climate models for intermediate (RCP4.5) and high (RCP8.5) emissions scenarios by NASA NEX-GDDP. From summer to autumn to spring to winter, hourly trail counts shifted from bimodal (mid-morning and early-evening peaks) to one mid-day peak. Pedestrians were more likely to use the trail between 7 and 27 °C (45–81°F) with peak use at 17 °C (63°F) and cyclists between 15 and 33 °C (59–91°F) with peak use at 27 °C (81°F) than at temperature extremes. A net decrease in trail use was estimated by 2041–2060 (RCP4.5: pedestrians =  − 4.5%, cyclists =  − 1.1%; RCP8.5: pedestrians =  − 6.6%, cyclists =  − 1.6%) and 2081–2100 (RCP4.5: pedestrians =  − 7.5%, cyclists =  − 1.9%; RCP8.5: pedestrians =  − 16%, cyclists =  − 4.5%). Results suggest climate change may reduce trail use. We recommend interventions for thermal comfort at settings for physical activity.
Spontaneous empyema and brain abscess in an intensive care population: clinical presentation, microbiology, and factors associated with outcome
Authors: Dietler Sabeth , Willms Jan , Brandi Giovanna , Wang Sophie , Burkerth Astrid , Keller Emanuela 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Data on critically ill patients with spontaneous empyema or brain abscess are limited. The aim was to evaluate clinical presentations, factors, and microbiological findings associated with the outcome in patients treated in a Neurocritical Care Unit.

Methods
In this retrospective study, we analyzed 45 out of 101 screened patients with spontaneous epidural or subdural empyema and/or brain abscess treated at a tertiary care center between January 2012 and December 2019. Patients with postoperative infections or spinal abscess were excluded. Medical records were reviewed for baseline characteristics, origin of infection, laboratory and microbiology findings, and treatment characteristics. The outcome was determined using the Glasgow outcome scale extended (GOSE).

Results
Favorable outcome (GOSE 5–8) was achieved in 38 of 45 patients (84%). Four patients died (9%), three remained severely disabled (7%). Unfavorable outcome was associated with a decreased level of consciousness at admission (Glasgow coma scale < 9) (43% versus 3%; p = 0.009), need of vasopressors (71% versus 11%; p = 0.002), sepsis (43% versus 8%; p = 0.013), higher age (65.1 ± 15.7 versus 46.9 ± 17.5 years; p = 0.014), shorter time between symptoms onset and ICU admission (5 ± 2.4 days versus 11.6 ± 16.8 days; p = 0.013), and higher median C-reactive protein (CRP) serum levels (206 mg/l, range 15–259 mg/l versus 17.5 mg/l, range 3.3–72.7 mg/l; p = 0.036). With antibiotics adapted according to culture sensitivities in the first 2 weeks, neuroimaging revealed a progression of empyema or abscess in 45% of the cases.

Conclusion
Favorable outcome can be achieved in a considerable proportion of an intensive care population with spontaneous empyema or brain abscess. Sepsis and more frequent need for vasopressors, associated with unfavorable outcome, indicate a fulminant course of a not only cerebral but systemic infection. Change of antibiotic therapy according to microbiological findings in the first 2 weeks should be exercised with great caution.
Diagnostic value of micrographia in Parkinson’s disease: a study with [123I]FP-CIT SPECT
Authors: Eklund Mikael , Nuuttila Simo , Joutsa Juho , Jaakkola Elina , Mäkinen Elina , Honkanen Emma A. , Lindholm Kari , Vahlberg Tero , Noponen Tommi , Ihalainen Toni , Murtomäki Kirsi , Nojonen Tanja , Levo Reeta , Mertsalmi Tuomas , Scheperjans Filip , Kaasinen Valtteri 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMicrographia is a common symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD), and it may precede other motor symptoms. Despite the high prevalence of micrographia in PD, its neurobiological mechanisms are not known. Given that levodopa may alleviate consistent micrographia and that nondopaminergic essential tremor (ET) is not associated with micrographia, micrographia could possibly be used as an ancillary diagnostic method that reflects nigrostriatal dopamine function. We evaluated the usefulness of micrographia as a simple one-sentence writing test in differentiating PD from ET. A total of 146 PD patients, 42 ET patients and 38 healthy controls provided writing samples and were scanned with brain [123I]FP-CIT dopamine transporter (DAT) SPECT imaging with ROI-based and voxelwise analyses. The diagnostic accuracy of micrographia was evaluated and compared to that of DAT binding. Compared to ET and healthy controls, PD patients showed micrographia (consistent, 25.6% smaller area of handwriting sample in PD compared to ET, p = 0.002, and 27.2% smaller area of handwriting compared to healthy controls, p = 0.004). PD patients showed 133% more severe progressive micrographia compared with ET patients (median b =  − 0.14 in PD, b =  − 0.06 in ET, p = 0.021). In early unmedicated cognitively normal patients, consistent micrographia showed 71.2% specificity and 87.5% sensitivity in PD versus ET differentiation, but micrographia had no correlation with striatal or extrastriatal [123I]FP-CIT binding in patients with PD. The one-sentence micrographia test shows moderately good accuracy in PD versus ET differentiation. The severity of micrographia has no relationship with DAT binding, suggesting nondopaminergic mechanism of micrographia in PD.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02650843 (NMDAT study).
Round Goby (Neogobius melanostomus) impacts on benthic fish communities in two tributaries of the Great Lakes
Authors: McAllister Keith , Drake D. Andrew R. , Power Michael 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNumerous fish species in the Laurentian Great Lakes have been negatively impacted by the establishment of the invasive Round Goby (Neogobius melanostomus). However, limited understanding exists as to how Round Goby has impacted small-bodied native benthic fishes after its secondary invasion into tributaries of the Laurentian Great Lakes. To investigate Round Goby impacts on darter species (family Percidae) in tributary ecosystems, catch per unit area (CPUA) of native and non-native fishes from two riverine ecosystems in Southwestern Ontario (Ausable River, Big Otter Creek) were analyzed. Spatial analyses indicated Round Goby CPUA was highest proximate to the Great Lakes, with a sharp decline in CPUA at sites upstream from each lake (Round Goby CPUA approached zero after 18 and 14 km in the Ausable River and Big Otter Creek, respectively). There was some evidence of a negative relationship between the CPUA of Round Goby and several darter species along the tributary gradients, with moderately negative co-occurrence between Round Goby and Rainbow Darter in the Ausable River and Johnny Darter and Percidae species overall in Big Otter Creek. However, overwhelming evidence of negative associations between Round Goby and all darter species was not found. The negative relationship between the CPUA of Round Goby and some darter species was observed over similar time periods since establishment but greater spatial scales than in previous studies, and therefore has important implications for understanding the ecological impacts of Round Goby in tributary ecosystems.
Blockchain for sustainable supply chain management: trends and ways forward
Authors: Sahoo Saumyaranjan , Kumar Satish , Sivarajah Uthayasankar , Lim Weng Marc , Westland J. Christopher , Kumar Ashwani 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBlockchain operates on a highly secured framework, and its decentralized consensus has benefits for supply chain sustainability. Scholars have recognized the growing importance of sustainability in supply chains and studied the potential of blockchain for sustainable supply chain management. However, no study has taken stock of high-quality research in this area. To address this gap, this paper aims to provide a state-of-the-art overview of high-quality research on blockchain for sustainable supply chain management. To do so, this paper conducts a systematic literature review using a bibliometric analysis of 146 high-quality articles on blockchain for sustainable supply chain management that have been published in journals ranked “A*”, “A”, and “B” by the Australian Business Deans Council and retrieved from the Scopus database. In doing so, this paper unpacks the most prominent journals, authors, institutions, and countries that have contributed to three major themes in the field, namely blockchain for sustainable business activities, decision support systems using blockchain, and blockchain for intelligent transportation system. This paper also reveals the use of blockchain for sustainable supply chain management across four major sectors, namely food, healthcare, manufacturing, and infrastructure, and concludes with suggestions for future research in each sector.
A tutorial comparing different covariate balancing methods with an application evaluating the causal effects of substance use treatment programs for adolescents
Authors: Markoulidakis Andreas , Taiyari Khadijeh , Holmans Peter , Pallmann Philip , Busse Monica , Godley Mark D. , Griffin Beth Ann 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRandomized controlled trials are the gold standard for measuring causal effects. However, they are often not always feasible, and causal treatment effects must be estimated from observational data. Observational studies do not allow robust conclusions about causal relationships unless statistical techniques account for the imbalance of pretreatment confounders across groups and key assumptions hold. Propensity score and balance weighting (PSBW) are useful techniques that aim to reduce the observed imbalances between treatment groups by weighting the groups to look alike on the observed confounders. Notably, there are many methods available to estimate PSBW. However, it is unclear a priori which will achieve the best trade-off between covariate balance and effective sample size for a given application. Moreover, it is critical to assess the validity of key assumptions required for robust estimation of the needed treatment effects, including the overlap and no unmeasured confounding assumptions. We present a step-by-step guide to the use of PSBW for estimation of causal treatment effects that includes steps on how to evaluate overlap before the analysis, obtain estimates of PSBW using multiple methods and select the optimal one, check for covariate balance on multiple metrics, and assess sensitivity of findings (both the estimated treatment effect and statistical significance) to unobserved confounding. We illustrate the key steps using a case study examining the relative effectiveness of substance use treatment programs and provide a user-friendly Shiny application that can implement the proposed steps for any application with binary treatments.
Measuring biofoam anisotropy using optical coherence tomography
Authors: Mac Intyre Jonatan R. , Raka Doruntina , Aydin Mehmet , Viitanen Leevi , Koivisto Juha 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Optical coherence tomography enables quick scans of translucent objects in a simple environment. Here, we apply this technique to wood-based biofoam. We measure the geometrical properties of the foam, such as bubble eccentricity and density fluctuations, in addition to characterising the possible orientation of fibres. We find that the wood-based foams are extremely suitable for optical coherence tomography due to their translucent nature and large changes of optical density between air-filled bubbles and solid films. Measurement of bubble eccentricity revealed a reasonably high aspect ratio of 1:2, enabling the orientation of long cellulose fibres if added to the mixture. The results demonstrate an effective method to characterise foamlike metamaterials. Furthermore, focusing on eccentricity enables the adjustment of the foam’s manufacturing method and, in turn, helps to produce anisotropic structures.

Graphical abstract
The dynamics of poverty in Europe: what has changed after the great recession?
Authors: Mussida Chiara , Sciulli Dario 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper provides novel evidence on the importance of the phenomenon of poverty and its heterogeneity across European countries. We analyze the determinants of poverty in Europe and their evolution over time by disentangling the role of genuine state dependence and heterogeneity.We apply alternative dynamic probit models accounting for endogenous initial conditions and correlated random effects to the pre-Great Recession period of 2005–2008 and the post- Great Recession period of 2015–2018 using EU-SILC longitudinal datasets for a sample of European countries in order to estimate genuine state dependence and uncover the role of observable and unobservable factors in determining the risk of poverty. Our findings suggest that the degree of genuine state dependence is relevant in Europe and that it increased slightly from pre- to post-Great Recession. This suggests that measures aimed at lifting individuals out of poverty, including cash transfers, have become even more important during the Europe 2020 decade. Our analysis also reveals that Europe is characterized by an increasing scarring effect of poverty, the trend of which has been exacerbated in the post-recession period. The analysis at the country level clarifies why the evolution of genuine state dependence was heterogeneous. While a clear pattern within macro-regions does not emerge, we find an association between country-level variation in genuine state dependence and some macroeconomic indicators. Finally, our results suggest that the protective role of higher education has diminished over time, while the role of employment stability and of childcare provision during early childhood has become even more important in the post-recession period.