bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational imaging without a computer: seeing through random diffusers at the speed of light
Authors: Luo Yi , Zhao Yifan , Li Jingxi , Çetintaş Ege , Rivenson Yair , Jarrahi Mona , Ozcan Aydogan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractImaging through diffusers presents a challenging problem with various digital image reconstruction solutions demonstrated to date using computers. Here, we present a computer-free, all-optical image reconstruction method to see through random diffusers at the speed of light. Using deep learning, a set of transmissive diffractive surfaces are trained to all-optically reconstruct images of arbitrary objects that are completely covered by unknown, random phase diffusers. After the training stage, which is a one-time effort, the resulting diffractive surfaces are fabricated and form a passive optical network that is physically positioned between the unknown object and the image plane to all-optically reconstruct the object pattern through an unknown, new phase diffuser. We experimentally demonstrated this concept using coherent THz illumination and all-optically reconstructed objects distorted by unknown, random diffusers, never used during training. Unlike digital methods, all-optical diffractive reconstructions do not require power except for the illumination light. This diffractive solution to see through diffusers can be extended to other wavelengths, and might fuel various applications in biomedical imaging, astronomy, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, security, robotics, autonomous vehicles, among many others.
A New Approach to Improve the Validity of Doubly Labeled Water to Assess CO2 Production during High-Energy Turnover
Authors: VAN HOOREN BAS , MOST JASPER , COLLOMBON ELINE , NIEMINEN HENRIETTA , PLASQUI GUY 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Accurate measurement of energy expenditure (EE) using doubly labeled water depends on the estimate of total body water (TBW). The aims of this study were to 1) assess the accuracy of a new approach for estimating TBW and EE during high-energy turnover and 2) assess the accuracy of day-to-day assessment of EE with this new approach.

Methods
EE was measured in six healthy subjects (three male) for 5 consecutive days using three doubly labeled water methods: 1) the plateau, 2) slope-intercept, and 3) overnight-slope method, with whole-room indirect calorimetry as reference method. Urine samples were collected every evening and morning. High EE (physical activity level of >2.5) was achieved by cycling 4 h·d−1.

Results
Physical activity level was 2.8 ± 0.1. TBW values were 41.9 ± 6.1, 38.4 ± 5.7, and 40.4 ± 5.8 L for the plateau, slope-intercept, and overnight-slope methods, respectively. The overnight-slope method showed the highest accuracy in estimated CO2 production, when compared with indirect calorimetry over the complete 5-d period (mean ± SD difference, 0.9% ± 1.6%). The plateau method significantly overestimated CO2 production by 4.7% ± 2.6%, whereas the slope-intercept method underestimated CO2 production (−3.4% ± 2.3%). When CO2 production was assessed per day, the overnight-slope method showed an average difference of 9.4% ± 4.5% to indirect calorimetry.

Conclusions
The overnight-slope method resulted in a more accurate estimation of CO2 production and EE compared with the plateau or slope-intercept method over a 5-d period in high physical activity conditions. Day-to-day determination of EE using the overnight-slope method was more accurate than diet recall and several standard prediction equations in athletes.
Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations of Lifestyle Behaviors with Pericardial Adipose Tissue: The MESA Study
Authors: OH MINSUK , JACOBS DAVID R. , GABRIEL KELLEY PETTEE , BAO WEI , PIERCE GARY L. , CARR LUCAS J. , DING JINGZHONG , WHITAKER KARA M. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
We examined associations of sedentary behavior (SB), light-intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) with pericardial adipose tissue (PAT).

Methods
Adults from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis were included from exam years 1 (2000–2002; N = 6057; mean age, 62.2 yr; 52.9% female, 38.0% White; 12.8% Chinese American, 26.7% African American, 22.5% Hispanic American), 2 (2002–2004), and 3 (2004–2005). Weekly volume of SB, LPA, and MVPA (in MET-hours per week) was reported using a questionnaire. PAT volume (in cubic centimeters) was quantified using computed tomography, analysis of covariance, and repeated-measures linear mixed models with adjustment for covariates (sociodemographics, cardiovascular disease risk factors, inflammation, waist circumference) tested cross-sectional and longitudinal associations, respectively.

Results
In cross-sectional analysis, the highest tertile of SB (β = 2.71; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.69 to 4.73; P < 0.01) and the middle tertile of MVPA (β = −1.97; 95% CI, −3.92 to −0.02; P < 0.05) were associated with PAT, whereas no association was observed for LPA in fully adjusted models. In longitudinal models, SB, LPA, and MVPA were not associated with PAT in the full study sample; however, LPA was inversely associated with PAT among Whites in stratified analysis (β = −0.54; 95% CI, −0.95 to −0.13; P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Lower SB and higher LPA (among Whites only) and MVPA may be associated with lower PAT, but additional longitudinal research is needed.
Postconcussion Dizziness Severity Predicts Daily Step Count during Recovery among Adolescent Athletes
Authors: SMULLIGAN KATHERINE L. , WINGERSON MATHEW J. , SEEHUSEN CORRINE N. , WILSON JULIE C. , HOWELL DAVID R. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Physical activity (PA) after concussion is an important aspect of appropriate clinical management. However, symptoms or functional deficits may reduce patient propensity toward PA, thereby negatively affecting recovery. Our purpose was to examine whether postconcussion dizziness, total symptom severity, or postural stability predicts PA level in the 2 wk after initial evaluation.

Methods
We evaluated adolescent athletes within 14 d of concussion on assessments of symptoms, dizziness, and postural stability. Athletes were provided an activity monitor to track PA for 2 wk after the evaluation. Our primary outcome was step count (mean steps per day). Potential predictor variables included sex, Post-Concussion Symptom Inventory (PCSI) total symptom severity, individual PCSI ratings of dizziness and balance impairment, and postural stability assessments (single- and dual-task tandem gait, modified Balance Error Scoring System). To examine predictors of PA, we calculated correlation coefficients between steps per day and each potential predictor and included significantly correlated variables in a multivariable regression model.

Results
Participants were ages 12–18 yr (n = 35, 15.2 ± 1.7 yr, 49% female) and initially evaluated 7.3 ± 3.0 d after concussion. Upon univariable evaluation, PCSI dizziness rating (Pearson R = −0.49, P = 0.003) and sex (mean difference, 2449 steps per day; P = 0.05) were associated with steps per day. Within the multivariable regression analysis, PCSI dizziness rating (β = −1035; 95% confidence interval, −191 to −1880; P = 0.018), but not sex, predicted average steps per day in the 2 wk after initial evaluation.

Conclusions
Self-reported dizziness, but not overall symptom severity or postural stability, assessed within 14 d of concussion predicted daily step count in the subsequent 2 wk. Given the importance of PA for concussion recovery, treating acute postconcussion dizziness can potentially reduce a barrier to PA and improve recovery trajectories.
Trained Integrated Postexercise Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis Rates Correlate with Hypertrophy in Young Males and Females
Authors: ABOU SAWAN SIDNEY , HODSON NATHAN , MALOWANY JULIA M. , WEST DANIEL W. D. , TINLINE-GOODFELLOW CASSIDY , BROOK MATTHEW S. , SMITH KENNETH , ATHERTON PHILIP J. , KUMBHARE DINESH , MOORE DANIEL R. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Resistance training induces skeletal muscle hypertrophy via the summated effects of postexercise elevations in myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) that persist for up to 48 h, although research in females is currently lacking. MyoPS is regulated by mTOR translocation and colocalization; however, the effects of resistance training on these intracellular processes are unknown. We hypothesized that MyoPS would correlate with hypertrophy only after training in both sexes and would be associated with intracellular redistribution of mTOR.

Methods
Recreationally active males and females (n = 10 each) underwent 8 wk of whole-body resistance exercise three times a week. Fasted muscle biopsies were obtained immediately before (REST) and 24 and 48 h after acute resistance exercise in the untrained (UT) and trained (T) states to determine integrated MyoPS over 48 h (D2O ingestion) and intracellular mTOR colocalization (immunofluorescence microscopy).

Results
Training increased (P < 0.01) muscle strength (~20%–126%), muscle thickness (~8%–11%), and average fiber cross-sectional area (~15%–20%). MyoPS increased above REST in UT (P = 0.032) and T (P < 0.01), but to a greater extent in males (~23%; P = 0.023), and was positively (P < 0.01) associated with muscle thickness and fiber cross-sectional area at T only in both males and females. mTOR colocalization with the cell periphery increased (P < 0.01) in T, irrespective of sex or acute exercise. Training increased (P ≤ 0.043) total mTOR, LAMP2 (lysosomal marker), and their colocalization (P < 0.01), although their colocalization was greater in males at 24 and 48 h independent of training status (P < 0.01).

Conclusions
MyoPS during prolonged recovery from exercise is greater in males but related to muscle hypertrophy regardless of sex only in the trained state, which may be underpinned by altered mTOR localization.
Intermediate frequency electrotherapy stimulation to the medial femoris muscle for functional recovery of knee joint after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Song Dejun , Ma Yubao , Zhang Lihua , Ma Quansheng 
Published: January 2022

Objectives: To compare the effect of medial femoral muscle stimulation with medium frequency electrotherapy and conventional rehabilitation therapy on knee function recovery after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.
Methods: Medical records of 50 patients with ACL reconstruction, treated in our hospital between July 2019 and December 2020, were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into control group and study group (n=25, 18 males and 7 females in each group), based on the rehabilitation method used. The control group included patients that received conventional rehabilitation therapy, active quadriceps femoris exercise, traction, and acupuncture. The study group included patients that received medium frequency electrotherapy to stimulate the medial femoris muscle in addition to conventional rehabilitation therapy. The limb circumference recorded before and after the treatment was compared between the two group. The Lysholm scores of the two groups were compared to assess knee function, knee range of motion, and knee motor comfort assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS).
Results: We found similar thigh circumferences, Lysholm scores, knee motion ranges and VAS scores between the patients in both groups before the treatment (P > 0.05). After the treatment, the thigh circumferences and motion ranges were larger, the Lysholm scores higher, and the VAS scores lower in patients of the study group than those in patients of the control group (all Ps < 0.05).
Conclusion: Intermediate frequency electrotherapy to stimulate the medial femoris muscle can improve knee function and motion range and reduce the patient’s pain after ACL reconstruction.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.3.5298
How to cite this:Song D, Ma Y, Zhang L, Ma Q. Intermediate frequency electrotherapy stimulation to the medial femoris muscle for functional recovery of knee joint after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(3):652-656. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.3.5298
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Students’ Satisfaction Of Online Learning In Oman
Authors: AL-OMAIRI ALHAM RASHID AAMIR , HEW SOON HIN 
Published: January 2022

Background: Due to the development facilitated by modern technology, the world has become a small village with instantly changing methods of education. Online education has become an alternative method for course delivery used by colleges and universities globally. Methods: The population of this study was N=564 students enrolled in asynchronous online learning at the College of Sharia Sciences in the Sultanate of Oman for the academic year 2020-2021. The survey instruments from “The Student Satisfaction Survey” developed by Strachota (2006) were utilized in this study. The survey included items in the following categories: demographics, learner instructor's interaction, learner-peer interaction, and lastly general satisfaction. The researcher reformulated the questions to suit the target group and some questions were changed to suit the target audience. Results: Remarkably, the data show that there is no direct relationship between demographic factors and student satisfaction with asynchronous online learning. On the other hand, there is a strong and noticeable relationship between students' satisfaction with asynchronous online learning and student-instructor interaction. There is also a correlation between students' satisfaction with asynchronous online learning and student-peer interaction. Conclusions: The students of the College of Sharia Sciences are on the whole very satisfied with asynchronous online learning; they consider it a very successful experience and recommend its use by students in other educational institutions.
‘The great publication race’ vs ‘abandon paper counting’: Benchmarking ECR publication and co-authorship rates over past 50 years to inform research evaluation
Authors: Kendal Dave , Lee Kate E. , Soanes Kylie , Threlfall Caragh G. 
Published: January 2022

Background: Publication and co-authorship rates have been increasing over decades. In response, calls are being made to restrict the number of publications included in research evaluations. Yet there is little evidence to guide publication expectations and inform research evaluation for early career researchers (ECRs). Methods: Here we examine the early career publication and co-authorship records between 1970 and 2019 of >140,000 authors of 2.8 million publications, to identify how publication and co-authorship rates have changed over the last 50 years. This examination is conducted in order to develop benchmarks of median publication rates for sensibly evaluating ECR research productivity, and to explore success in meeting these benchmarks with different co-authorship strategies using regression models. Results: Publication rates of multidisciplinary ECRs publishing in Nature, Science and PNAS have increased by 46% over the last 50 years and that publications rates in a set of disciplinary journals have increased by 105%. Co-authorship rates have increased even more, particularly for the multidisciplinary sample which now has 572% more co-authors per publication. Benchmarks based on median publication rates for all authors increased from one publication per year at the start of a career, to four publications per year after 10 years of publishing, and one first-author publication across all years. The probability of meeting these benchmarks increases when authors publish with different co-authors, and first authorship rates decrease for ECRs with many co-authors per publication. Conclusion: This evidence could be used to inform sensible publishing expectations for ECRs and the institutions they work for, and to inform calls to limit the number of publications produced by researchers and those used in research evaluations.
Dry textile electrode for ambulatory monitoring after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: A pilot study of simultaneous comparison to the Holter electrocardiogram
Authors: Machino Takeshi , Aonuma Kazutaka , Komatsu Yuki , Yamasaki Hiro , Igarashi Miyako , Nogami Akihiko , Ieda Masaki 
Published: January 2022

Background: Holter electrocardiogram (ECG) is the gold standard for ambulatory monitoring of atrial fibrillation (AF) but it is insufficient because of its limited recording time. A wearable ECG with a medical-grade dry textile electrode is a promising technology to remedy this limitation. This pilot study aimed to simultaneously compare the wearable and Holter ECGs for ambulatory monitoring in a clinical setting. Methods: This prospective observational study enrolled 18 patients who underwent AF ablation. One day after AF ablation, ambulatory ECG was obtained for three hours simultaneously using both the wearable and Holter ECG devices. Automatic ECG interpretations between devices were compared with correlation and agreement analyses. Results: Simultaneous ECG monitoring demonstrated a comparable analysis time and total heart beats between the two devices. Almost complete correlation and agreement were also demonstrated in all clinically relevant testing aspects except in R-wave amplitude (r = 0.743, p < .001). AF was detected in three patients. AF duration was the same in both ECG devices in two patients with continuous AF. In the remaining patient with intermittent AF, AF duration was shortened by 0.6% with the wearable ECG as compared to that with the Holter ECG. Conclusions: Simultaneous ECG comparison revealed a high consistency between the wearable and Holter ECG devices. The results of this study warrant further clinical studies for long-term monitoring of ambulatory ECG after AF ablation.
THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO RESEARCH THE ROLLING PROCESS OF THE DRIVEN WHEEL SIDE DRAWER ON A WINTER ROAD
Authors: Gergenov Sergey M. 
Published: January 2022

The stability of the movement of motor vehicles in the cold season is ensured by the ability of car tires to create lateral reactions on winter roads. The lateral adhesion of the tire to the support surface is evaluated by its lateral withdrawal characteristics, which determine the coefficient of lateral adhesion and the critical angle of the tire withdrawal. With the use of chemical deicing materials, the coupling properties of tires have significantly deteriorated, especially in the lateral direction. The lack of knowledge about the processes of movement of a tire with lateral withdrawal on a winter road covered with chemical deicing materials determines the relevance of scientific research.
The article discusses the non-stationary characteristics of the lateral withdrawal of Amtel NordMaster175/70R13 passenger friction tires, obtained from the results of their tests on a winter public road covered with rolled snow and sand-salt mixture. The graphs show that the use of sodium chloride reduces the lateral grip of friction tires and the stability of motor vehicles.
Purpose – obtaining non-stationary characteristics of lateral withdrawal of passenger friction tires on a road covered with rolled snow and sand-salt mixture, and estimated parameters of lateral traction.
Methodology: a road test method using the methodology and tire tester developed by the author to study the unsteady lateral withdrawal of automobile tires.
Results: The unsteady characteristics of the lateral withdrawal of Amtel NordMaster 175/70R13 passenger friction tires were obtained, the coefficients of lateral adhesion and critical withdrawal angles were determined.
Practical implications: the obtained results are necessary to correct the mathematical model that allows performing an analytical study of the processes of lateral withdrawal of automobile tires on roads with winter slipperiness.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE TRANSPORT SYSTEM THROUGH THE CREATION OF A REGIONAL TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS CLUSTER
Authors: Mirkina Olga N. 
Published: January 2022

The transport system is an important branch of the country’s economy. The direction and objectives of its development are determined by the state that is developing the Transport Strategy. The current Transport Strategy determines the need to increase the volume and speed of transit of goods and the development of multimodal logistics technologies. A slowdown in the development of the transport industry in Russia has been revealed. The stimulus for its development may be the creation of multimodal transport and logistics centers at the federal, regional and territorial levels. Transport and logistics clusters can be a form of implementation of such centers. On the territory of the Smolensk region, one of these centers of the regional level can be organized - to create a transport and logistics cluster. This will have a positive impact on the transport system, the economy of the region and the country.
The goal is to consider ways to develop the transport system by creating a transport and logistics cluster in the region.
Method or methodology of work: the study used a systematic approach and general scientific methods - statistical, comparative analysis, expert assessments and logical generalizations.
Results – Shows how to create transportation and logistics centers using the example of a region.
The scope of the results: it is advisable to apply the results to regional authorities, economic entities engaged in investment activities in the field of transport and logistics.
MILESTONES IN THE HISTORY OF THE KAMAZ FOOTBALL CLUB: FROM PLANT FOOTBALL TO PROFESSIONAL SPORT
Authors: Kornilova Irina V. , Usupova Vladislava R. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: The aim of the research is to trace the key milestones in the history of the football club “KamAZ” – from the emergence of a unique workshop team in the early 80s of the XX century up to today, being one of the strongest football clubs in Russia.
Methodology: The article involves of materials from the local press (“Echo Tribune”, “Chelninskye Izvestiya”, “Vesti of KAMAZ”), which are stored in local funds and allow to restore the unique flavor of the sports life of the town associated with the grandiose construction of the twentieth century – the construction of an automobile giant.
Results: It accentuates that KAMAZ football team played an important role in creating the sports image of the plant after the same name, becoming a kind of a symbol of the town and laying the foundation of football life as an integral part of the social and cultural image of Naberezhnye Chelny.
Practical implications: The field of application of the results: the research allows you to contribute to the study of the history of football as a phenomenon of the mass culture of residents of the autograd, which has not only sports results, but also accumulated traditions, the names of the best players, the established system for training football players.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SYSTEM FOR ANALYSIS AND UNLOADING OF ROAD TRAFFIC USING INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Authors: Akhmetov Linar M. , Bikov Danir I. , Khamidullin Marat R. , Gareeva Gulnara A. 
Published: January 2022

Greenhouse technology has improved significantly in recent years and the cost of associated electronic components has been steadily declining. The growing popularity of open-source software platforms and microcontrollers such as the Arduino are making major contributions to making assembly and programming easy and affordable.
Purpose – development of a system for monitoring indicators and irrigation of agricultural crops.
Method or methodology of work: the article considers a project for the automation of a greenhouse.
Results: an intelligent plant watering system based on the Arduino UNO microcontroller was developed and configured.
Scope of the results: It is advisable to apply the results obtained in agriculture.