bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing fishery-dependent information in data-poor fisheries; integrating gear-in–gear-out sensors and mobile reporting technology in a mixed Irish Sea static-gear fishery
Authors: Emmerson J A , Coleman M T , Bloor I S M , Jenkins S R 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Inshore static gear fisheries such as those targeting predominately shellfish play an import socio-economic role across the northeast Atlantic. Despite this, assessment techniques are heavily reliant on fishery dependent data which is typically aggregated over large spatial scales and lacking in key environmental and biotic data. In this study, we trialled the implementation of an enhanced electronic reporting system (EERS) and gear-in–gear-out (GIGO) technology in a data-limited, mixed species, static gear fishery for brown crab Cancer pagurus and European lobster Homarus gammarus. EERS/GIGO systems were deployed on two commercial vessels for 12 months and collected data from 812 strings, equating to 29826 pots, with precise geo-located landings per unit effort (LPUE) and environmental data. Cluster analysis identified spatially distinct patterns in fishing activity, corresponding to different target species. Generalized additive modelling was used to investigate the effect of environmental variables, inter-specific interactions and geo-location on LPUE in both species. Sea bottom temperatures had a significant positive effect on LPUE in both C. pagurus and H. gammarus. In addition, GAM analysis showed the importance of inter-specific interactions; increases in capture of competing non-target commercial species (H. gammarus/C. pagurus) resulted in the decreases in target species LPUE (C. pagurus/H. gammarus).The significant effect of environmental variables and inter-specific interactions demonstrate the value of understanding these interactions in order to produce robust standardized LPUE metrics. The EERS/GIGO system successfully demonstrated its application, and value in collecting geospatially defined fishery dependent data in historically data limited fisheries. Co-development of such an approach between fisheries administrations and industry has the potential to significantly enhance data collection and management in many data poor fisheries.
When everyday-life troubles get even bigger: Being a young woman with a disability during Covid times
Authors: Fama Ada 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
One day I found myself in the middle of thousands of people crowded into a stadium to watch a match. The next day. . . a roaring silence. This was my beginning of it all. On February 21, 2020, Italy experienced the first Covid-positive case. Everything changed within hours; the entire country was frozen in sheer dread. After almost eighty days of lockdown, I started evaluating the implications that the pandemic was going to have in my life of a young, visually impaired woman. Though the long-term consequences of Covid-19 require time to fully process, in this article I examine two main changes that I can already qualify as a direct result of the hard times we have just lived through. First, the repeated lockdowns determined an abrupt halt in hiring. At the time of the Spring 2020 lockdown, I was seeking employment, as were many fellow fresh graduates. However, both public and private recruitment was suspended. Therefore, most of us had to wait months before finally getting a job. But one year of (forced) gap can be very detrimental to the career of a young person. Second, technology has proved to be very useful in times of isolation. I argue, however, that technology, itself, can determine isolation. For people with a disability, in particular, there is a hidden risk in relying too much on technology, as the hard, real life is gradually replaced by a virtual life, with fewer challenges but, at the same time, with fewer socialization and integration opportunities.
Mind the compensation gap: towards a new European regime addressing civil liability in the age of AI
Authors: Whittam Sadie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
As artificial intelligence (‘AI’) becomes pervasive, it is inevitable that there will be a corresponding increase in AI disputes. However, it is often no easy task to determine liability in AI-related disputes due to the unique features of many AI systems, including their complexity, opacity, and the ability of some AI systems to self-adapt. This paper considers the existing EU liability framework and concludes that, at present, it is not adequate to ensure that injured parties can be compensated for damage caused by AI. The argument presented is that Product Liability Directive 85/374/EEC should be amended to provide greater protection for claimants that suffer harm caused by AI, and proposals for revision are suggested. In addition, this paper argues that there are cogent reasons to design sector specific legislation and identify ex ante which party should be held strictly liable for certain classes of AI.
The earth–space alliance in preventing and punishing mass murder crimes: documenting and prosecuting international crimes through aerial satellite evidence
Authors: Qerimi Qerim 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article explores and articulates contemporary discourse, reflective of the most recent practice in the domain of relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and discrete fields of international law, primarily concerning the use of such machinery to prevent and punish crime. It looks into the hitherto unforeseen context of the use of satellite imagery and other AI-generated data as evidence before international courts and tribunals in order to document and prosecute the commission of internationally prohibited crimes. Taking as a lead example the curious case of Al-Werfalli before International Criminal Court (ICC), while examining other relevant cases from the practice of the ICC, International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and International Court of Justice (ICJ) in some exhaustive fashion, the underlying philosophy is to explore the benefits and limits of the AI, with a view of ascertaining the distinct role and place for courts in shaping stable standards in the face of challenges posed by modern technology. The larger objective is indeed three-fold: to ascertain the role and probative value of aerially derived evidence, to explore some of the challenges associated with the use of such evidence, and to understand the role of courts in determining the applicable standards and developing the law. The existing judicial praxis reveals the acceptance of the satellite-based or aerially derived evidence in judicial proceedings and sets forth the requisite operational criteria, which should serve both as guidance and an inspiration for exploring their further development and specification.
On an inverse photoacoustic tomography problem of small absorbers with inhomogeneous sound speed
Authors: Al Jebawy Hanin , El Badia Abdellatif 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This work is devoted to the study of the inverse photoacoustic tomography (PAT) problem. It is an imaging technique similar to TAT studied in El Badia & Ha-Duong (2000); however, in this case, a high-frequency radiation is delivered into the biological tissue to be imaged, such as visible or near infra red light that are characterized by their high frequency compared with that of radio waves that are used in TAT. As in the case of TAT El Badia & Ha-Duong (2000), the inverse problem we are concerned in is the reconstruction of small absorbers in an open, bounded and connected domain $\Omega \subset{\mathbb{R}}^3$. Again, we follow the algebraic algorithm, initially proposed in El Badia & Jebawy (2020), that allows us to resolve the problem from a single Cauchy data and without the knowledge of the Grüneisen’s coefficient. However, the high-frequency radiation used in this case makes some changes in the context of the problem and allows us to give our results using partial boundary observations and in both cases of constant and variable acoustic speed. Finally, we establish the corresponding Hölder stability result.
Maximal regularity of backward difference time discretization for evolving surface PDEs and its application to nonlinear problems
Authors: Kovács Balázs , Li Buyang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Maximal parabolic $L^p$-regularity of linear parabolic equations on an evolving surface is shown by pulling back the problem to the initial surface and studying the maximal $L^p$-regularity on a fixed surface. By freezing the coefficients in the parabolic equations at a fixed time and utilizing a perturbation argument around the freezed time, it is shown that backward difference time discretizations of linear parabolic equations on an evolving surface along characteristic trajectories can preserve maximal $L^p$-regularity in the discrete setting. The result is applied to prove the stability and convergence of time discretizations of nonlinear parabolic equations on an evolving surface, with linearly implicit backward differentiation formulae characteristic trajectories of the surface, for general locally Lipschitz nonlinearities. The discrete maximal $L^p$-regularity is used to prove the boundedness and stability of numerical solutions in the $L^\infty (0,T;W^{1,\infty })$ norm, which is used to bound the nonlinear terms in the stability analysis. Optimal-order error estimates of time discretizations in the $L^\infty (0,T;W^{1,\infty })$ norm is obtained by combining the stability analysis with the consistency estimates.
Plücker-Type Inequalities for Mixed Areas and Intersection Numbers of Curve Arrangements
Authors: Averkov Gennadiy , Soprunov Ivan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Any collection of $n$ compact convex planar sets $K_1,\dots , K_n$ defines a vector of ${n\choose 2}$ mixed areas ${\operatorname {V}}(K_i,K_j)$ for $1\leq i&lt;j\leq n$. We show that for $n\geq 4$ these numbers satisfy certain Plücker-type inequalities. Moreover, we prove that for $n=4$, these inequalities completely describe the space of all mixed area vectors $({\operatorname {V}}(K_i,K_j)\,:\,1\leq i&lt;j\leq 4)$. For arbitrary $n\geq 4$, we show that this space has a semialgebraic closure of full dimension. As an application, we show that the pairwise intersection numbers of any collection of $n$ tropical curves satisfy the Plücker-type inequalities. Moreover, in the case of four tropical curves, any homogeneous polynomial relation between their six intersection numbers follows from the corresponding Plücker-type inequalities.
Completing the A2 Andrews–Schilling–Warnaar Identities
Authors: Kanade Shashank , Russell Matthew C 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We study the Andrews–Schilling–Warnaar sum-sides for the principal characters of standard (i.e., integrable, highest weight) modules of ${\operatorname {A}}_2^{(1)}$. These characters have been studied recently by Corteel, Dousse, Foda, Uncu, Warnaar, and Welsh. We prove complete sets of identities for moduli $5$ through $8$ and $10$. The cases of moduli $6$ and $10$ are new. Our proofs use Corteel–Welsh recursions for cylindric partitions and certain relations satisfied by the Andrews–Schilling–Warnaar sum-sides. We further show that at all moduli, a complete set of conjectures may be deduced using certain explicit “seed” conjectures. These seed conjectures are obtained by appropriately truncating our conjectures for the “infinite” level. Additionally, for moduli $3k$, we use an identity of Weierstraß to deduce new sum-product identities starting from the results of Andrews–Schilling–Warnaar.
Deformations of Hypersurfaces with Nonconstant Alexander Polynomial
Authors: Kloosterman Remke 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Let $X \subset \mathbf {P}^n$ be an irreducible hypersurface of degree $d\geq 3$ with only isolated semi-weighted homogeneous singularities, such that $\exp (\frac {2\pi i}{k})$ is a zero of its Alexander polynomial. Then we show that the equianalytic deformation space of $X$ is not $T$-smooth except for a finite list of triples $(n,d,k)$. This result captures the very classical examples by B. Segre of families of degree $6m$ plane curves with $6m^2$, $7m^2$, $8m^2$, and $9m^2$ cusps, where $m\geq 3$. Moreover, we argue that many of the hypersurfaces with nontrivial Alexander polynomial are limits of constructions of hypersurfaces with not $T$-smooth deformation spaces. In many instances, this description can be used to find candidates for Alexander-equivalent Zariski pairs.
Changing Epidemiology of Varicella Outbreaks in the United States During the Varicella Vaccination Program, 1995–2019
Authors: Leung Jessica , Lopez Adriana S , Marin Mona 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe describe the changing epidemiology of varicella outbreaks informed by past and current active and passive surveillance in the United States by reviewing data published during 1995–2015 and analyzing new data from 2016 to 2019. Varicella outbreaks were defined as ≥5 varicella cases within 1 setting and ≥1 incubation period. During the 1-dose varicella vaccination program (1995‒2006), the number of varicella outbreaks declined by 80% (2003–2006 vs 1995–1998) in 1 active surveillance area where vaccination coverage reached 90.5% in 2006. During the 2-dose program, in 7 states with consistent reporting to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the number of outbreaks declined by 82% (2016–2019 vs 2005–2006). Over the entire program (1995–2019), outbreak size and duration declined from a median of 15 cases/outbreak and 45 days duration to 7 cases and 30 days duration. The proportion of outbreaks with &lt;10 cases increased from 28% to 73%. During 2016‒2019, most (79%) outbreak cases occurred among unvaccinated or partially vaccinated persons eligible for second-dose vaccination, highlighting the potential for further varicella control.
The Impact of Universal Varicella Vaccination on Herpes Zoster Incidence in the United States: Comparison of Birth Cohorts Preceding and Following Varicella Vaccination Program Launch
Authors: Leung Jessica , Dooling Kathleen , Marin Mona , Anderson Tara C , Harpaz Rafael 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
When the US varicella vaccination program was introduced in 1995, its impacts on the epidemiology of herpes zoster (HZ) were not precisely known. We used a large claims database to examine HZ incidence in the US during 1998–2019 among persons aged ≥30 years (the prevaccine cohort, born before 1990), and aged 1–29 years (includes the postvaccine cohort, born since 1990). We defined incident HZ as the first instance of an outpatient or emergency department (ED) claim with an HZ diagnostic code. Additionally, we examined the proportion of HZ visits among all ED visits as a complementary method to assess for healthcare-seeking artifacts in the findings. In persons aged ≥30 years (prevaccine cohort), we observed age-specific increases in HZ incidence during the earlier study years, with decelerations in later years, starting in 2007 with oldest age groups. Similar patterns were seen when we examined HZ visits as a proportion of all ED visits. For persons aged 1–29 years, age-specific HZ incidence increased early in the study period for the oldest age groups who were born prevaccine, but later declined in a stepwise pattern once each age group was comprised of persons born in the postvaccine period. Our results, corroborated with previously published studies, do not support prior modeling predictions that the varicella vaccination program would increase HZ incidence among adult cohorts who previously experienced varicella. Our findings also suggest that continued declines in age-specific HZ incidence as varicella-vaccinated cohorts age are likely.
Merck/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Varicella Vaccine Pregnancy Registry: 19-Year Summary of Data From Inception Through Closure, 1995–2013
Authors: Willis English D , Marko Ann M , Rasmussen Sonja A , McGee Maureen , Broder Karen R , Marin Mona 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
The VARIVAX® Pregnancy Registry was established in 1995 to monitor pregnancy outcomes of women who received varicella vaccine (ie, VARIVAX) inadvertently while pregnant.

Methods
Health care providers and consumers sent voluntary reports about women who received VARIVAX 3 months before or during pregnancy. Follow-up occurred to evaluate pregnancy outcomes for birth defects. Outcomes from prospectively reported pregnancy exposures (ie, reports received before the outcome of the pregnancy was known) among varicella-zoster virus (VZV)-seronegative women were used to calculate rates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results
From 17 March 1995 through 16 October 2013, 1601 women were enrolled—966 prospectively—among whom there were 819 live births. Among 164 infants born to women who were VZV seronegative at the time of vaccination, no cases of congenital varicella syndrome (CVS) were identified (rate, 0 per 100, 95% CI, 0.0–2.2) and the birth prevalence of major birth defects was 4.3 per 100 liveborn infants (95% CI 1.7–8.6) with no pattern suggestive of CVS. No defects consistent with CVS were identified in any registry reports.

Conclusions
Data collected through the VARIVAX pregnancy registry do not support a relationship between the occurrence of CVS or major birth defects and varicella vaccine exposure during pregnancy, although the small numbers of exposures cannot rule out a low risk. VARIVAX remains contraindicated during pregnancy.
Introduction: The Bauhaus Centennial and Design History
Authors: Aynsley Jeremy , Cleven Esther 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Bauhaus is possibly the most famous school of art, design, and architecture of the first half of the twentieth century. It holds an enduring reputation as one of the most influential sources for the origins of modern design. In response to the centenary of its foundation in 1919, this special issue offers critical perspectives on the school’s reputation from a range of international scholars. The Introduction reviews selected events and publications planned to coincide with the Bauhaus 100 anniversary year in order to place them in relation to broader developments within design history. The three articles consider how the identities, reputation, and legacies of the Bauhaus were constructed, both at the time of its existence and in the years following its closure. As a further record of the impact of this centenary, we include a Selected Bibliography drawn from the international attention given to the Bauhaus in its anniversary year, as well as Book Reviews devoted to some of the most significant publications from 2019.
On CAR-Ts, decentralized in-house models, and the hospital exception. Routes for sustainable access to innovative therapies
Authors: Arnaudo Luca 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cells, or CAR-Ts, are a novel class of gene and cell ‘one-shot’ therapies based upon collecting, reprogramming, and using patients’ own immune cells to treat their cancer. The article discusses the status, prospects, and some relevant legal issues of this frontier of personalized medicine. In particular, it explores the legitimacy of ‘in-house’ CAR-Ts, ie treatments manufactured and delivered to patients within the same clinical center by relying upon automated cell processing systems, a decentralized model which is very different from the one currently adopted for manufacturing existing commercial CAR-Ts. A few legal routes are envisioned for legitimately developing CAR-Ts within decentralized, non-commercial operational sets. In more detail, the article explores, firstly, the issue of ‘academic’ CAR-Ts (ie therapies developed and administered to patients as experimental drugs). A focus is then provided on what is known as the ‘hospital exception’ (HE), a special feature of current EU pharmaceutical regulation for non-routine preparations of custom-made advanced therapy medicinal products. Conclusions support a regulatory convergence on shared models of decentralized manufacturing, also through a broader and clearer application of the HE, to enhance a virtuous complementarity between in-house autologous and commercial allogeneic CAR-Ts, for the benefit of patients, pharmaceutical R&D, and sustainable healthcare systems.
The overview of neutron-induced 56Mn radioactive microparticle effects in experimental animals and related studies
Authors: Hoshi Masaharu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Investigation into the risks associated with radiation exposure has been carried out on those exposed to radiation in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Semipalatinsk and other parts of the world. These risks are used as a guidance standard for the protection for radiation workers and the general public when exposed to radiation, and it sets upper regulatory limits for the amount of radiation exposure. However, the effects of internal exposure to radioactive microparticles have not been considered in these studies. These effects cannot be ignored since the exposure dose increases are inversely proportional to the square of the distance to the vicinity of the particles and can exceed tens of thousands of mGy. So far, only retrospective studies of people who have been exposed to radiation have been conducted, therefore we hypothesized that animal experiments would be necessary to investigate these effects. As a result, we found specific effects of radioactive microparticles. One particularly noteworthy finding was that internal exposure to radioactive microparticles resulted in pathological changes that were more than 20 times greater than those caused by the same level of external exposure. In contrast, there were other results that showed no such effects, and the reasons for this discrepancy need to be clarified. We also conducted RNA expression experiments and found that there was a difference between external exposure to 60Co gamma rays and internal exposure to 56Mn microparticles. In the future, we will need to study the mechanisms behind these findings. If the mechanism can be confirmed, it is expected to lead to the development of protective and therapeutic methods.
Estimation of ‘dose-depth’ profile in the surface layers of a quartz-containing tile from the former Hiroshima University building indicates the possible presence of beta-irradiation from residual radioactivity after A-bombing
Authors: Stepanenko Valeriy , Kaprin Andrey , Ivanov Sergey , Shegay Peter , Sato Hitoshi , Toyoda Shin , Kawano Noriyuki , Fujimoto Nariaki , Endo Satoru , Bogacheva Viktoria , Kolyzhenkov Timofey , Khailov Artem , Zhumadilov Kassym , Zhumalina Aidana , Yerimbetova Dana , Hoshi Masaharu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The problem of differentiating between primary irradiation and exposure due to residual radioactivity following A-bombing (including beta-exposure), is the subject of special attention and discussions in order to understand the health effects following the Hiroshima and Nagasaki A-bombings, especially among newcomers to cities soon after the detonations. In this work, the method of single quartz grain luminescence retrospective dosimetry was applied for a retrospective estimation of the ‘dose-depth’ profile in a quartz-containing tile extracted from the building of former Hiroshima University (HU), which was a ‘witness’ of the Hiroshima atomic bombing on the 6 August 1945. It has been shown that results of retrospective estimates of the ‘dose-depth’ profile using the method of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) from inclusions of quartz grains in very thin layers of the sample, in combination with the calculations of the ‘dose-depth’ profile using the Monte Carlo method, indicates the possible presence of beta irradiation of thin layers of the sample located near the surface of the tile facing the air, where there is no electronic equilibrium from gamma radiation.