bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging analysis of ischemic strokes due to blunt cerebrovascular injury
Authors: Abraham Peter J. , Black Jonathan A. , Griffin Russell L. , Abraham Mackenzie N. , Liptrap Elizabeth J. , Thaci Bart , Holcomb John B. , Kerby Jeffrey D. , Harrigan Mark R. , Jansen Jan O. 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND
The timing of stroke onset among patients with blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) is not well understood. All blunt trauma patients at our institution undergo a screening computed tomographic angiography (CTA) of the neck. Most patients with CTA evidence of BCVI are treated with aspirin, and all patients with clinical evidence of stroke are treated with aspirin and undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. We conducted a retrospective review to determine the incidence of stroke upon admission and following admission.

METHODS
All neck CTAs and head MRIs obtained in blunt trauma patients were reviewed from August 2017 to August 2019. All CTAs that were interpreted as showing BCVI were individually reviewed to confirm the diagnosis of BCVI. Stroke was defined as brain MRI evidence of new ischemic lesions, and each MRI was reviewed to identify the brain territory affected. We extracted the time to aspirin administration and the timing of stroke onset from patients' electronic health records.

RESULTS
Of the 6,849 blunt trauma patients, 479 (7.0%) had BCVIs. Twenty-four patients (5.0%) with BCVI had a stroke on admission. Twelve (2.6%) of the remaining 455 patients subsequently had a stroke during their hospitalization. The incidence of stroke among patients with BCVI was 7.5%; 2.6% were potentially preventable. Only 5 of the 12 patients received aspirin before the onset of stroke symptoms. All 36 patients with BCVI and stroke had thromboembolic lesions in the territory supplied by an injured vessel.

CONCLUSION
With universal screening, CTA evidence of BCVI is common among blunt trauma patients. Although acute stroke is also relatively common in this population, two thirds of strokes are already evident on admission. One third of BCVI-related strokes occur after admission and often relatively early, necessitating rapid commencement of preventative treatment. Further studies are required to demonstrate the value of antithrombotic administration in preventing stroke in BCVI patients.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and Epidemiologic; Level IV.
Systematic Evaluation of Research Priorities in Critical Care Electroencephalography
Authors: Sheikh Zubeda , Selioutski Olga , Taraschenko Olga , Gilmore Emily J. , Westover M. Brandon , Cohen Adam B. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
The Critical Care EEG Monitoring Research Consortium (CCEMRC) is an international research group focusing on critical care EEG and epilepsy. As CCEMRC grew to include 50+ institutions over the past decade, members met to establish research priorities.

Methods:
The authors used an analytical hierarchy process–based research prioritization method, adapted from an approach previously applied to a Department of Defense health-related research program. Forty-six CCEMRC members identified and scored a set of eight clinical problems (CPs) and 15 research topic areas (RTAs) at an annual CCEMRC meeting. Members scored CPs on three criteria using a five-point ordinal scale: Incidence, Impact, and Gap Size; and RTAs on four additional criteria: Niche, Feasibility, Scientific Importance, and Medical Importance, each of which was assigned a weight. The first three RTA criteria were scored using a five-point scale, and CPs were mapped to RTAs using a four-point scale. The Medical Importance score was a weighted average of its mapping scores and the CP score. Finally, a Priority score was calculated for each RTA as a product of the four RTA criteria scores.

Results:
The CPs with the highest scores were “Altered mental status” and “Long-term neurologic disability after hospital discharge.” The RTAs with the highest priority scores were “Development of risk prediction tools,” “Multicenter observational studies,” and “Outcome prediction.”

Conclusions:
Research prioritization helped CCEMRC evaluate its current research trajectory, identify high-priority near-term research pursuits, and create a roadmap for future research plans aligned with its mission. This approach may be helpful to other academic consortia and research programs.
Niche breadth and elevational range size: a comparative study on Middle-European Brassicaceae species
Authors: Maccagni Alessio , Willi Yvonne 
Published: January 2022

High-elevation species are predicted to have larger elevational ranges compared with species of lower elevations. The reasoning is that temperature variability is greater at higher elevation, selecting for wider niche breadth and more plastic genotypes. We used macroevolutionary comparisons involving 90 Brassicaceae species of the central Alps to test for associations among median elevation of occurrence, elevational range size and thermal variability over space and time on the one hand, and their associations with performance breadth or trait plasticity on the other hand. Performance breadth and trait plasticity were estimated by raising replicate plants per species under three temperature treatments (mild, recurrent frost, recurrent heat). Against prediction, we found that mid-elevation species had the largest elevational ranges, and their ranges were associated with increased spatial thermal variability. Nevertheless, variability in the thermal regime was positively associated neither with niche breadth nor with plasticity. Evidence for adaptive constraints was limited to a trade-off between acclimation-based increases in frost and heat resistance, and phylogenetic niche conservatism for median elevation of occurrence and temporal thermal variability. Results suggest that large elevational range size is associated with divergent adaptation within species, but not with more niche breadth or trait plasticity.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Species’ ranges in the face of changing environments (part I)’.
Genetic load and extinction in peripheral populations: the roles of migration, drift and demographic stochasticity
Authors: Sachdeva Himani , Olusanya Oluwafunmilola , Barton Nick 
Published: January 2022

We analyse how migration from a large mainland influences genetic load and population numbers on an island, in a scenario where fitness-affecting variants are unconditionally deleterious, and where numbers decline with increasing load. Our analysis shows that migration can have qualitatively different effects, depending on the total mutation target and fitness effects of deleterious variants. In particular, we find that populations exhibit a genetic Allee effect across a wide range of parameter combinations, when variants are partially recessive, cycling between low-load (large-population) and high-load (sink) states. Increased migration reduces load in the sink state (by increasing heterozygosity) but further inflates load in the large-population state (by hindering purging). We identify various critical parameter thresholds at which one or other stable state collapses, and discuss how these thresholds are influenced by the genetic versus demographic effects of migration. Our analysis is based on a ‘semi-deterministic’ analysis, which accounts for genetic drift but neglects demographic stochasticity. We also compare against simulations which account for both demographic stochasticity and drift. Our results clarify the importance of gene flow as a key determinant of extinction risk in peripheral populations, even in the absence of ecological gradients.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Species’ ranges in the face of changing environments (part I)’.
Biophysical models of dispersal contribute to seascape genetic analyses
Authors: Jahnke Marlene , Jonsson Per R. 
Published: January 2022

Dispersal is generally difficult to directly observe. Instead, dispersal is often inferred from genetic markers and biophysical modelling where a correspondence indicates that dispersal routes and barriers explain a significant part of population genetic differentiation. Biophysical models are used for wind-driven dispersal in terrestrial environments and for propagules drifting with ocean currents in the sea. In the ocean, such seascape genetic or seascape genomic studies provide promising tools in applied sciences, as actions within management and conservation rely on an understanding of population structure, genetic diversity and presence of local adaptations, all dependent on dispersal within the metapopulation. Here, we surveyed 87 studies that combine population genetics and biophysical models of dispersal. Our aim was to understand if biophysical dispersal models can generally explain genetic differentiation. Our analysis shows that genetic differentiation and lack of genetic differentiation can often be explained by dispersal, but the realism of the biophysical model, as well as local geomorphology and species biology also play a role. The review supports the use of a combination of both methods, and we discuss our findings in terms of recommendations for future studies and pinpoint areas where further development is necessary, particularly on how to compare both approaches.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Species’ ranges in the face of changing environments (part I)’.
Managing human-mediated range shifts: understanding spatial, temporal and genetic variation in marine non-native species
Authors: Holman Luke E. , Parker-Nance Shirley , de Bruyn Mark , Creer Simon , Carvalho Gary , Rius Marc 
Published: January 2022

The use of molecular tools to manage natural resources is increasingly common. However, DNA-based methods are seldom used to understand the spatial and temporal dynamics of species' range shifts. This is important when managing range shifting species such as non-native species (NNS), which can have negative impacts on biotic communities. Here, we investigated the ascidian NNSCiona robusta,Clavelina lepadiformis,Microcosmus squamigerandStyela plicatausing a combined methodological approach. We first conducted non-molecular biodiversity surveys for these NNS along the South African coastline, and compared the results with historical surveys. We detected no consistent change in range size across species, with some displaying range stability and others showing range shifts. We then sequenced a section of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) from tissue samples and found genetic differences along the coastline but no change over recent times. Finally, we found that environmental DNA metabarcoding data showed broad congruence with both the biodiversity survey and the COI datasets, but failed to capture the complete incidence of all NNS. Overall, we demonstrated how a combined methodological approach can effectively detect spatial and temporal variation in genetic composition and range size, which is key for managing both thriving NNS and threatened species.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Species’ ranges in the face of changing environments (part I)’.
Potential for emergence of foodborne and waterborne trematodiases in California
Authors: Metz Daniel C.G. , Turner Andrew V. , Nelson Alexandria P. , Hechinger Ryan F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe document that three human-pathogenic zoonotic trematodes are introduced and widespread throughout southern California in their first intermediate host snail (Melanoides tuberculata). We highlight the need to consider these introductions from a public health perspective in California and elsewhere in the United States the snail has invaded.
Stochastic resonance and bifurcations in a heterogeneous neuronal population explain intrinsic oscillatory patterns in entorhinal cortical stellate cells
Authors: Mittal Divyansh , Narayanan Rishikesh 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTStellate cells in the medial entorhinal cortex manifest peri-threshold oscillatory patterns in their membrane voltage. Although different theoretical frameworks have been proposed to explain these activity patterns, these frameworks do not jointly account for heterogeneities in intrinsic properties of stellate cells and stochasticity in ion-channel and synaptic physiology. In this study, we first performedin vitropatch-clamp electrophysiological recordings from rat MEC stellate cells and found pronounced cell-to-cell variability in their characteristic physiological properties. We demonstrate that stochasticity introduced into either a simple nonlinear dynamical system (Hopf bifurcation) or into heterogeneous biophysical models yielded activity patterns that were qualitatively similar to peri-threshold oscillations in stellate cells. We developed five quantitative metrics for identification of valid oscillatory traces and confirmed that these metrics reliably captured the variable amplitude and non-rhythmic oscillatory patterns observed in our electrophysiological recordings. We analyzed traces from a stochastic Hopf bifurcation system for further confirmation on the reliability of these quantitative metrics in detecting oscillatory patterns. Apart from providing confirmation, these analyses provided a key insight about the manifestation of stochastic resonance in the stochastic bifurcation system, but not with theta-filtered noise. We then validated peri-threshold activity patterns obtained from a heterogeneous population of stellate cell models, with each model assessed with multiple trials of different levels and forms of noise (ion-channel, synaptic, and additive) at different membrane depolarizations. Strikingly, the validation process confirmed the manifestation of heterogeneous stochastic bifurcations across all models and revealed the detection of the highest number of valid oscillatory traces at an optimal level of each form of noise. The manifestation of stochastic resonance in this heterogeneous model population explained why intrinsic theta oscillations might not be observed underin vivoconditions where noise levels are typically high. Together, we provide several lines of evidence that demonstrate heterogeneous stochastic bifurcations as a unifying framework that fully explains peri-threshold oscillatory patterns in stellate cells and argue for state-dependence in the manifestation of these oscillations.
Lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles utilize B cells and dendritic cells to elicit distinct antigen-specific CD4+and CD8+T cell responses
Authors: Zhang Michael H. , Scotland Brianna L. , Jiao Yun , Slaby Emily M. , Truong Nhu , Stephanie Georgina , Pearson Ryan M. , Szeto Gregory L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAntigen presenting cells (APCs) have been extensively studied for treating cancers and autoimmune diseases. Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent APCs that uptake and present antigens (Ags) to activate immunity or tolerance. Despite their active use in cellular immunotherapies, DCs face several challenges that hinder clinical translation, such as inability to control Ag dosing for tuning immune responses and low abundance in peripheral blood. B cells are a potential alternative to DCs, but their poor non-specific Ag uptake capabilities compromise controllable priming of T cells. We developed phospholipid-conjugated Ags (L-Ags) and lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (L/P-Ag NPs) as Ag delivery platforms to expand the range of accessible APCs for use in priming CD4+and CD8+T cells. These delivery platforms were evaluated using DCs, CD40-activated B cells, and resting B cells as a diverse set of APCs to understand the impact of various Ag delivery mechanisms for generation of Ag-specific T cell responses. L-Ag delivery (termed depoting) of MHC class I and II-restricted Ags successfully loaded all APC types in a tunable manner and primed both Ag-specific CD8+and CD4+T cells, respectively. Incorporating L-Ags and polymer-conjugated Ags (P-Ag) into NPs can direct Ags to different uptake pathways to engineer the dynamics of presentation and shape T cell responses. DCs were capable of processing and presenting Ag delivered from both L- and P-Ag NPs yet B cells could only utilize Ag delivered from L-Ag NPs. Multivariate analysis of cytokines secreted from APC:T cell co-cultures indicated that L-Ag NPs primed different T cell responses than P-Ag NPs. Altogether, we show that L-Ags and P-Ags can be rationally paired within a single NP to leverage distinct delivery mechanisms to access multiple Ag processing pathways in two APC types, offering a modular delivery platform for engineering immunotherapies.
On taming the effect of transcript level intra-condition count variation during differential expression analysis: a story of dogs, foxes and wolves
Authors: Lobo Diana , Godinho Raquel , Archer John Patrick 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe evolution of RNA-seq technologies has yielded datasets of high scientific value that are often generated as condition associated biological replicates within differential expression studies. As the number of replicates increase, so to does confidence in identifying differentially expressed transcripts. With rapidly expanding RNA-seq data archives there is opportunity to augment replicate numbers when conditions of interest overlap at an inter-study level. Despite correction procedures for estimating transcript abundance, a remaining source of error is transcript level intra-condition count variation; as partially indicated by the disjointed results between differential expression analysis tools. Such variation is amplified at an inter-study level. Here, we present TVscript, a tool that removes reference-based transcripts associated with intra-condition variation above specified thresholds. With this tool we explore the effects of removing transcripts associated with varying degrees of intra-condition variation on differential expression analysis. This is done in relation to inter- and intra-study datasets representing brain samples of dogs, wolves and foxes (wolves vs. dogs and aggressive vs. tame foxes). We demonstrate that 20% of the transcripts identified as being differentially expressed are associated with high levels of intra-condition variation. This is an over-representation relative to the reference set. As transcripts harbouring such variation are removed from the reference prior to differential expression analysis a discordance from 26 to 40% in the lists of differentially expressed transcripts is observed when compared to those obtained using the non-filtered reference. For our data, the removal of transcripts possessing intra-condition variation values within (and above) the 97th and 95th percentiles, for wolves vs. dogs and aggressive vs. tame foxes, maximized the detection of differentially expressed transcripts as a result of alterations within gene-wise dispersion estimates. Through this analysis the support for seven genes with potential for being involved with selection for tameness is provided. TVscript is available at: https://sourceforge.net/projects/tvscript/.
Consumer behaviour in relation to food waste: a systematic literature review
Authors: dos Santos Joina Ijuniclair Arruda Silva , da Silveira Denis Silva , da Costa Marconi Feitas , Duarte Rafael Batista 
Published: January 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this systematic literature review (SLR) is to analyse which consumer behaviours are more evident in relation to food waste, in addition to seeking to identify which types of food are most wasted in homes and the methods which have been used by studies for such particularities. In this paper, it was possible to identify the universe of consumer characteristics covering the main contributions to the development of this theme with different points of view.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve this goal, the authors performed a SLR according to well-established guidelines set. The authors used tools to partially support the process, which relies on a four-member research team.FindingsThe authors report on 49 primary studies that deal the lack of planning, excessive purchases and the non-reuse of food leftovers by the consumer as the characteristics most evidenced as a consequence of food waste. Furthermore, fruits, vegetables and bread are the most wasted food. Regarding the most used research methods, some studies in this SLR use the qualitative method, but mostly food waste is analysed using the quantitative method.Originality/valueThis SLR is different because it seeks to group different aspects of food waste, mapping not only the consumer’s behavioural characteristics but also seeking to identify the most wasted food. The research contributed to finding theoretical gaps on the subject in favour of reducing waste, based on the findings that demonstrate causing food waste.
Noise analysis of electrical circuits on fractal set
Authors: Banchuin Rawid 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to originally present noise analysis of electrical circuits defined on fractal set.

Design/methodology/approach
The fractal integrodifferential equations of resistor-inductor, resistor-capacitor, inductor-capacitor and resistor-inductor-capacitor circuits subjected to zero mean additive white Gaussian noise defined on fractal set have been formulated. The fractal time component has also been considered. The closed form expressions for crucial stochastic parameters of circuit responses have been derived from these equations. Numerical simulations of power spectral densities based on the derived autocorrelation functions have been performed. A comparison with those without fractal time component has been made.

Findings
We have found that the Hausdorff dimension of the middle b Cantor set strongly affects the power spectral densities; thus, the average powers of noise induced circuit responses and the inclusion of fractal time component causes significantly different analysis results besides the physical measurability of electrical quantities.

Originality/value
For the first time, the noise analysis of electrical circuit on fractal set has been performed. This is also the very first time that the fractal time component has been included in the fractal calculus-based circuit analysis.
The role of organisational commitment in knowledge sharing amongst academics: an insight into the critical perspectives for higher education
Authors: Fayda-Kinik F. Sehkar 
Published: January 2022

Purpose This study investigates the interrelationships between the components of perceived organisational commitment (affective, continuance and normative commitment) and knowledge sharing (KS) intentions, attitudes and contributions amongst academics. It was hypothesised that organisational commitment has a positive mediating role in KS behaviours.Design/methodology/approach To reveal the interrelationships between the components of perceived organisational commitment and KS, a correlational research design through path analysis was employed.Findings There were significant correlations between organisational commitment components and KS. Participants with higher perceived affective commitment had higher levels of KS intentions. Similarly, participants with higher perceived normative commitment had higher levels of attitudes towards KS. However, higher levels of perceived continuance commitment were related to lower levels of expected contributions to KS.Research limitations/implications The study was limited to participants working for a state university in Turkey. In Turkish state universities, continuance and normative commitment may be regarded differently due to unique working conditions.Practical implications The results revealed that commitment to an organisation facilitates KS in higher education institutions, which suggests that administrators and practitioners should increase organisational commitment to create a working environment with more KS.Originality/value Although organisational commitment and KS have been investigated in educational settings previously, this study contributes to the literature by discovering the specific interrelationships between these factors, offering a more complete picture that could be beneficial for practice.