bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flammability in tropical savannas: Variation among growth forms and seasons in Cerrado
Authors: Zanzarini Vagner , Andersen Alan N. , Fidelis Alessandra 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe herbaceous layer is the dominant fuel for fire in tropical savannas, the world's most fire‐prone biome. However, little is known about variation in flammability among different growth forms, as well as how flammability varies seasonally. Here, we describe such variation in Brazilian Cerrado, the world's most phytodiverse tropical savanna. We measured three components of flammability (maximum burning temperature, burning rate, and burnt biomass) and morphophysiological traits (dead biomass percentage, moisture content, and specific leaf area) of five species of each of grasses, forbs, and shrubs throughout the wet and dry season. We found that grasses were the most flammable growth form and that their flammability was highest in the middle of the dry season when the percentage of dead biomass was highest (60%), and moisture content was low (25%). Flammability did not vary across seasons for either forbs or shrubs. Dead biomass, moisture content, and specific leaf area were all strongly correlated with flammability. These findings explain the dominant role played by grasses as drivers of flammability in tropical savannas, and they improve our understanding of how savanna flammability varies across space and time depending on the composition of the grass layer and its level of seasonal curing. This enables a better prediction of fire spread and behavior in different savanna types based on grass‐layer composition.
Group creativity in the wild: When building on ideas enhances the generation and selection of creative ideas
Authors: Gillier Thomas , Bayus Barry L. 
Published: June 2022

Long‐standing wisdom holds that building on ideas is beneficial for group creativity. We empirically verify this recommended practice. We analyse creativity sessions of nine groups of professionals tasked to synthesize new ideas into one final creative concept. Linkography and quantitative analysis are used for analysing the impact of building on ideas on group creativity. First, the results indicate that building on ideas does not lead to more novel, feasible, or useful ideas. Second, our study shows that building on ideas is beneficial only if the ideators build upon the “right” ideas. Ideators generate more novel ideas only when they build on novel ideas. Moreover, our research reveals a trade‐off: Building on novel ideas leads to more novel but less feasible ideas while building on familiar ideas leads to less novel but more feasible ideas. Finally, we find that stimulus ideas (i.e., ideas that are built upon) are more likely to be selected and integrated into the final concept. Taken together, our results indicate that building on novel ideas enhances the generation and selection processes. Implications for theory and research on creativity in organizations are discussed.
Therapeutic advantage of targeting lysosomal membrane integrity supported by lysophagy in malignant glioma
Authors: Jing Yongwei , Kobayashi Masahiko , Vu Ha Thi , Kasahara Atsuko , Chen Xi , Pham Loc Thi , Kurayoshi Kenta , Tadokoro Yuko , Ueno Masaya , Todo Tomoki , Nakada Mitsutoshi , Hirao Atsushi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLysosomes function as the digestive system of a cell and are involved in macromolecular recycling, vesicle trafficking, metabolic reprogramming, and progrowth signaling. Although quality control of lysosome biogenesis is thought to be a potential target for cancer therapy, practical strategies have not been established. Here, we show that lysosomal membrane integrity supported by lysophagy, a selective autophagy for damaged lysosomes, is a promising therapeutic target for glioblastoma (GBM). In this study, we found that ifenprodil, an FDA‐approved drug with neuromodulatory activities, efficiently inhibited spheroid formation of patient‐derived GBM cells in a combination with autophagy inhibition. Ifenprodil increased intracellular Ca2+ level, resulting in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species–mediated cytotoxicity. The ifenprodil‐induced Ca2+ elevation was due to Ca2+ release from lysosomes, but not endoplasmic reticulum, associated with galectin‐3 punctation as an indicator of lysosomal membrane damage. As the Ca2+ release was enhanced by ATG5 deficiency, autophagy protected against lysosomal membrane damage. By comparative analysis of 765 FDA‐approved compounds, we identified another clinically available drug for central nervous system (CNS) diseases, amoxapine, in addition to ifenprodil. Both compounds promoted degradation of lysosomal membrane proteins, indicating a critical role of lysophagy in quality control of lysosomal membrane integrity. Importantly, a synergistic inhibitory effect of ifenprodil and chloroquine, a clinically available autophagy inhibitor, on spheroid formation was remarkable in GBM cells, but not in nontransformed neural progenitor cells. Finally, chloroquine dramatically enhanced effects of the compounds inducing lysosomal membrane damage in a patient‐derived xenograft model. These data demonstrate a therapeutic advantage of targeting lysosomal membrane integrity in GBM.
Investigation of epidemiological characteristics and development of a nomogram to predict survival in primary ocular adnexal lymphoma
Authors: Peng Fei , Su Wei , Zhang Anqi , Huo Bingyue , Song Tianyu , Wei Zheng , Geng Zhenxi , Wang Liang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundStudies on the epidemiology and prognosis of primary ocular adnexal lymphoma (POAL) are scarce for its low occurrence. The goal of our research was to assess the epidemiologic characteristics, prognostic variables and survival of POAL patients.MethodsThe Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database was used to collect data on patients identified with POAL from 1975 to 2011 and the incidence rate of POAL from 1975 to 2017. To discover independent predictive markers for overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS), multivariable Cox regression analysis was utilised. The independent prognostic factors found by multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to generate a nomogram.ResultsA total of 2839 patients were diagnosed with POAL, with an average age of 64.1 years. The total incidence of POAL was 2.51/1000000 (according to the overall adjustment of the 2000 American standard) from 1975 to 2017, and the annual percentage change (APC) was 2.47 (95% confidence interval 1.64–3.32, p < 0.05), showing a sharp upward trend. After multivariate Cox regression analysis, age, gender, year of diagnosis, marital status, primary site, laterality, pathological type and treatment strategy were evaluated as independent prognostic factors of OS or DSS (p < 0.05). A nomogram was constructed to forecast the DSS of 1, 3, 5 and 10 years. The concordance index (C‐index) and the calibration plots demonstrated the robustness and accuracy of the nomogram.ConclusionsAlthough POAL is sporadic, the incidence has generally increased in the past 36 years. In recent years, survival rates have risen, and radiotherapy can render better OS and DSS. The nomogram specially made for POAL is robust and precise in predicting the DSS of 1, 3, 5 and 10 years.
Has network meta‐analysis resolved the controversies related to bowel preparation in elective colorectal surgery?
Authors: Woodfield John C. , Clifford Kari , Schmidt Barry , Thompson‐Fawcett Mark 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimThere are discrepancies in the guidelines on preparation for colorectal surgery. While intravenous antibiotics (IV) are usually administered, the use of mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) and/or oral antibiotics (OA) is controversial. A recent network meta‐analysis (NMA) demonstrated that the addition of OA reduced incisional surgical site infections (iSSIs) by more than 50%. We aimed to perform a NMA including only the highest quality randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in order to determine the ranking of different treatment strategies and assess these RCTs for methodological problems that may affect the conclusions of the NMAs.MethodA NMA was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. RCTs of adult patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery with appropriate antibiotic cover and with at least 250 participants recruited, clear definition of endpoints and duration of follow‐up extending beyond discharge from hospital were included. The search included Medline, Embase, Cochrane and SCOPUS databases. Primary outcomes were iSSI and anastomotic leak (AL). Statistical analysis was performed in Stata v.15.1 using frequentist routines.ResultsTen RCTs including 5107 patients were identified. Treatments compared IV (2218 patients), IV + OA (460 patients), MBP + IV (1405 patients), MBP + IV + OA (538 patients) and OA (486 patients). The likelihood of iSSI was significantly lower for IV + OA (rank 1) and MBP + IVA + OA (rank 2), reducing iSSIs by more than 50%. There were no differences between treatments for AL. Methodological issues included differences in definition, assessment and frequency of primary endpoint infections and the limited number of participants included in some treatment options.ConclusionWhile this NMA supports the addition of OA to IV to reduce iSSI it also highlights unanswered questions and the need for well‐designed pragmatic RCTs.
Predictors of operative difficulty in robotic low anterior resection for rectal cancer
Authors: Yuval Jonathan B. , Thompson Hannah M. , Fiasconaro Megan , Patil Sujata , Wei Iris H. , Pappou Emmanouil P. , Smith J. Joshua , Guillem Jose G. , Nash Garrett M. , Weiser Martin R. , Paty Philip B. , Garcia‐Aguilar Julio , Widmar Maria 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimThis study evaluates the relationship of tumour and anatomical features with operative difficulty in robotic low anterior resection performed by four experienced surgeons in a high‐volume colorectal cancer practice.MethodsData from 382 patients who underwent robotic low anterior resection by four expert surgeons between January 2016 and June 2019 were included in the analysis. Operating time was used as a measure of operative difficulty. Univariate and multivariate mixed models were used to identify associations between baseline characteristics and operating time, with surgeon as a random effect, thereby controlling for variability in surgeon speed and proficiency. In an exploratory analysis, operative difficulty was defined as conversion to laparotomy, a positive margin or an incomplete mesorectum.ResultsMedian operating time was 4.28 h (range 1.95–11.33 h) but varied by surgeon from 3.45 h (1.95–6.10 h) to 5.93 h (3.33–11.33 h) (P < 0.001). Predictors of longer operating time in multivariate analysis were male sex, higher body mass index, neoadjuvant radiotherapy, low tumour height, greater sacral height and larger mesorectal area at the S5 vertebral level. Conversion occurred in two cases (0.5%), and incomplete mesorectum and positive margins were found in nine (2.4%) and 19 (5.0%) patients, respectively. Neoadjuvant radiotherapy and larger pelvic outlet were the only characteristics associated with the exploratory measure of difficulty.ConclusionPredicting operative difficulty based on easy to identify, preoperative radiological and clinical variables is feasible in robotic anterior resection.
Cutaneous reactive B‐cell lymphoid proliferations
Authors: Khalil Shadi , Donthi Deepak , Gru Alejandro A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia (CLH), also known as cutaneous pseudolymphoma, is a spectrum of benign conditions characterized by reactive B‐ and T‐cell cutaneous lymphocytic infiltrates. B‐cell lymphoid proliferations are a heterogenous group of non‐neoplastic cutaneous diseases that must be histopathologically distinguished from cutaneous B‐cell lymphomas. These proliferations can be observed as reactive phenomena to infections, medications, allergens, neoplasms, and more. Furthermore, there are many inflammatory conditions that present with reactive B‐cell infiltrates, including actinic prurigo, Zoon balanitis, Rosai‐Dorfman disease, and cutaneous plasmacytosis. This review summarizes multiple cutaneous B‐cell lymphoid proliferations within the major categories of reactive and disease‐associated CLH. Further we discuss major discriminating features of atypical CLH and malignancy. Understanding the specific patterns of B‐cell CLH is essential for the proper diagnosis and treatment of patients presenting with such lesions.
S1 Guidelines for the Kaposi Sarcoma
Authors: Esser Stefan , Schöfer Helmut , Hoffmann Christian , Claßen Johannes , Kreuter Alexander , Leiter Ulrike , Oette Mark , Becker Jürgen C. , Ziemer Mirjana , Mosthaf Franz , Sirokay Judith , Ugurel Selma , Potthoff Anja , Helbig Doris , Bierhoff Erhard , Schulz Thomas F. , Brockmeyer Norbert H. , Grabbe Stephan 
Published: June 2022

SummaryKaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a rare, malignant, multilocular vascular disease originating from lymphatic endothelial cells that can primarily affect the skin and mucous membranes, but also the lymphatic system and internal organs such as the gastrointestinal tract, lungs or liver. Five epidemiological subtypes of KS with variable clinical course and prognosis are distinguished, with increased incidence in specific populations: (1) Classical KS, (2) Iatrogenic KS in immunosuppression, (3) Endemic (African) lymphadenopathic KS, (4) Epidemic, HIV‐associated KS and KS associated with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), and (5) KS in men who have sex with men (MSM) without HIV infection. This interdisciplinary guideline summarizes current practice‐relevant recommendations on diangostics and therapy of the different forms of KS. The recommendations mentioned in this short guideline are elaborated in more detail in the extended version of the guideline (online format of the JDDG).
Efficacy of peroral endoscopic myotomy for esophageal motility disorders after gastric surgery: Japan Achalasia Multicenter Study
Authors: Nakamura Jun , Sato Hiroki , Onimaru Manabu , Abe Hirofumi , Shiwaku Hironari , Shiota Junya , Sato Chiaki , Sakae Hiroyuki , Ominami Masaki , Hata Yoshitaka , Fukuda Hisashi , Ogawa Ryo , Tatsuta Tetsuya , Ikebuchi Yuichiro , Yokomichi Hiroshi , Takuto Hikichi , Inoue Haruhiro 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesPatients with esophageal motility disorders (EMDs) including achalasia after gastric surgery have not been thoroughly characterized. Furthermore, the efficacy of peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) in this population should be clarified.MethodsIn this retrospective multicenter study of 3707 patients with EMDs, 31 patients (0.8%) had a history of gastric surgery. Patient characteristics and POEM efficacy were compared between patients with and without previous gastric surgery.ResultsIn patients with EMD after gastric surgery, age at EMD diagnosis was higher (72.0 years), male sex was predominant (90.3%), and the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status score was higher (≥II, 48.4%). High‐resolution manometry (HRM) findings did not reveal significant differences. In patients who underwent gastric surgery, atrophic gastritis was common (80.6%), and gastric cancer was the primary surgical indication (32.3%). Distal gastrectomy was performed in 28 patients (90.3%). POEM was effective (3.3% adverse events; 100% treatment success). The incidence rates of reflux esophagitis (RE) and symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) were 60.0% and 16.7%, respectively, without significant intergroup differences, and severe RE was not observed in the long‐term follow‐up. Extended gastric myotomy was a risk factor for RE.ConclusionPatients with gastric surgery often present severe disease manifestations; the surgical indication is mainly gastric cancer. HRM findings can be similarly used for diagnosis in patients with and without gastric surgery. POEM maintains safety and efficacy with acceptable RE and symptomatic GERD rates. To prevent RE, extended myotomy should be avoided.
An Actor‐Partner interdependence model of parenting difficulties over time in stepfamilies
Authors: Crapo J. Scott , Turner Joshua J. , Bradford Kay , Higginbotham Brian J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLittle research has examined the potential spillover of parenting difficulties in the coparental stepfamily subsystem. Using family systems theory as a guide, we longitudinally examined: (a) whether early parenting difficulties within stepfamilies persist 1 year later and (b) whether the parenting difficulties experienced by one partner impact the parenting difficulties of the other partner within remarriages. Copies of marriage licenses were used to identify remarried individuals. Surveys were mailed out, with follow‐up surveys mailed a year later, resulting in a sample of 676 remarried couples (the majority of which were White and college educated). The sample was split into three groups, according to stepfamily constellation: (a) families with a stepfather and biological mother; (b) families with a biological father and a stepmother; and (c) families with both stepfathers and stepmothers. We estimated three different actor‐partner interdependence models (APIM), one for each group. Consistent with family systems theory, our findings showed that parenting and stepparenting difficulties were interrelated, though gendered in effect. All parenting and stepparenting difficulties displayed actor effects, suggesting that parenting difficulties persist 1 year later. However, the only cross‐spouse influences (partner effects) were such that the mother's parenting difficulties (of her own biological children) were predicted by the father's parenting and stepparenting difficulties, and these differed by stepfamily constellation. Implications regarding gendered expectations, the importance of the coparenting subsystem in stepfamilies, early establishment of parental boundaries, and the (potentially important) inclusion of the stepfather in the parenting dynamics are discussed.
The division of housework and re‐partnering in Europe: Is there a West/East divide?
Authors: Lozano Mariona , Garcia‐Roman Joan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis paper explores if re‐partnering leads to less traditional divisions of domestic work by comparing men and women in different European countries.BackgroundDivorce and re‐partnering have become more common, and we question if they are opening the scope for more gender‐balanced arrangements at home and new theoretical approaches.MethodUsing the two available waves of the Gender and Generation Survey for Western (France, Germany, and Austria) and Eastern European countries (Bulgaria, Lithuania, and the Czech Republic) for dual‐earner couples, we ran a series of logistic regressions to measure the probability of having traditional divisions of housework.ResultsWe found less traditional arrangements among re‐partnered individuals, although we observed different patterns in each country. Respondents in Western Europe were less likely to have traditional divisions after separation than those who never experienced a breakup, suggesting that men's and women's successive unions differ from the previous ones in terms of housework sharing. However, in Eastern Europe, this association was only significant for men and not for women.ConclusionsWe provided empirical support for a less traditional division of housework among re‐partnered individuals, but the West/East divide was only observed among females.ImplicationsOur results support the three classic theories that attempted to explain the division of housework between men and women. Nonetheless, they also suggest that among re‐partnered couples, we can consider the additional hypothesis of adaptative strategy, especially among men. This has implications for gender equality and family theories, as it opens the door to consider new theoretical perspectives to explain gender dynamics after union dissolution.
Determining the incidence of postpartum haemorrhage among Ontario women with and without inherited bleeding disorders: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Hews‐Girard Julia C. , Galica Jacqueline , Goldie Catherine , James Paula , Tranmer Joan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionAt a population level, there is a poor understanding of the incidence and pre‐disposing risk factors of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) among women with inherited bleeding disorders (IBD).AimTo determine the incidence of PPH, and identify maternal factors associated with risk of PPH among women with IBD.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using data housed within ICES (formerly known as the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences). The cohort included women with an in‐hospital, live or stillborn delivery, between January 2014 and December 2019. The primary outcome was PPH (identified by ICD‐10 code O72). PPH incidence and risk factors were compared between women with and without IBD. Temporal trends were assessed using the Cochrane‐Armitage test. Between group differences were assessed using standardised differences (std. difference).ResultsTotal 601,773 women were included; 2002 (.33%) had an IBD diagnosis. PPH incidence was 1.5 times higher (7.3 vs. 4.9 cases/100 deliveries, std. difference .1) among women with IBD compared to women without. Women with IBD were slightly older (31.7 vs. 30.7 years), had higher rates of hypertension, previous PPH, and induction of labour. Women with IBD were more frequently diagnosed with anaemia (4.8% vs. 1.8%; std difference .17) and had lower haemoglobin levels at admission for delivery compared to women without IBD.ConclusionsThis study contributes to the literature regarding obstetric bleeding among women with IBD, showing that anaemia at delivery may be an important risk factor for PPH. Given their predisposition to anaemia, clarifying this relationship will optimise management and outcomes.
Retos de seguridad y salud en el trabajo para la gente de mar en actividades esenciales durante la pandemia mundial de COVID‐19
Authors: SHAN Desai 
Published: June 2022

ResumenLa pandemia de COVID‐19 ha transformado el mundo del trabajo, pero el comercio mundial sigue considerándose una esfera de actividad esencial y el transporte marítimo, como motor de la globalización, no puede detenerse. En este contexto, pocos Gobiernos han permitido a la gente de mar —que transporta más del 90 por ciento de las mercancías mundiales— abandonar sus barcos y regresar a casa. Las restricciones de viaje relacionadas con la COVID‐19 han provocado una crisis de seguridad y salud en el trabajo marítimo. Este artículo, basado en 29 entrevistas, explora los retos de SST que ha afrontado la gente de mar de todo el mundo durante la pandemia.
Unique aspects of IFN‐γ/STAT1 signaling in neurons
Authors: Clark Danielle N. , Begg Lauren R. , Filiano Anthony J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe IFN‐γ/STAT1 immune signaling pathway impacts many homeostatic and pathological aspects of neurons, beyond its canonical role in controlling intracellular pathogens. Well known for its potent pro‐inflammatory and anti‐viral functions in the periphery, the IFN‐γ/STAT1 pathway is rapidly activated then deactivated to prevent excessive inflammation; however, neurons utilize unique IFN‐γ/STAT1 activation patterns, which may contribute to the non‐canonical neuron‐specific downstream effects. Though it is now well‐established that the immune system interacts and supports the CNS in health and disease, many aspects regarding IFN‐γ production in the CNS and how neurons respond to IFN‐γ are unclear. Additionally, it is not well understood how the diversity of the IFN‐γ/STAT1 pathway is regulated in neurons to control homeostatic functions, support immune surveillance, and prevent pathologies. In this review, we discuss the neuron‐specific mechanisms and kinetics of IFN‐γ/STAT1 activation, the potential sources and entry sites of IFN‐γ in the CNS, and the diverse set of homeostatic and pathological effects IFN‐γ/STAT1 signaling in neurons has on CNS health and disease. We will also highlight the different contexts and conditions under which IFN‐γ‐induced STAT1 activation has been studied in neurons, and how various factors might contribute to the vast array of downstream effects observed.