bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cow-level factors associated with colostrum yield and quality of Holstein dairy cows
Authors: Aghakhani M. , Foroozandeh Shahraki Amir Davar , Tabatabaei S. N. , Toghyani M. , Rafiee H. 
Published: June 2022

Context Colostrum feeding and hence transfer of sufficient immunoglobulin G (IgG) is vital for protecting against disease in the neonatal calf. A wide range of variations exists in colostrum yield, IgG concentration and many factors that affect colostrum quality. Aims The current study aimed to determine the cow-level factors associated with colostrum yield, IgG concentration, and somatic cell score (SCS) in dairy cows. Methods Colostrum weight from 152 Holstein dairy cows from a commercial dairy herd was recorded, and SCS and IgG concentration were analysed. Cow-level factors were obtained from the on-farm computer software. The mixed linear model (PROC MIXED) was used to analyse the colostrum quality and production. Key results A calving body condition score (BCS) of <3 was associated with higher colostrum production and a lower colostrum IgG concentration. Furthermore, cows that lost their BCS during the dry period (DP) produced less colostrum IgG concentration than did cows that maintained or gained BCS. Cows with BCS of >3.5 at dry-off and calving had greater colostrum SCS. Cows that gained or lost BCS during the DP had the greatest and lowest colostrum SCS. Moreover, colostrum yield was highest in second-lactation cows, and cows with <45 day DP length (DPL) produced more colostrum with a higher IgG concentration. Higher-parity cows produced higher IgG-concentration colostrum. Colostrum SCS increased with increasing parity, and cows with >75 day DPL had the greatest SCS. Cows with >12 500 kg energy-corrected milk in previous lactation produced colostrum with the greatest IgG concentration and lowest SCS. Also, colostrum production was greater in singleton cows than in twinning cows, while colostrum SCS was lower. Moreover, cows that experienced clinical mastitis in the previous lactation had greater colostrum SCS than did cows without mastitis. Conclusions The results indicated that cow-level factors affect colostrum yield, quality, and SCS and highlighted the importance of routine colostrum testing. Finally, these results may help producers and advisers make decisions to improve colostrum production and quality. Implications Future research should focus on the effect of BCS change during the DP on colostrum yield and quality.
Spatio-temporal measurement of one-dimensional surface potential distributions using a surface voltmeter and a slit plate
Authors: Chada Tomoki , Zhang Guangwei , Yoshimoto Shunsuke , Yamamoto Akio 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Fine parallel electrodes with an electrode pitch ranging from sub-mm to mm have been utilized in electrostatic devices. Evaluating the surface potential distributions of those electrodes are essential in characterizing the electrostatic devices. However, the spatial resolution of commercially available surface voltmeters are insufficient for the evaluations. Targeting at one-dimensional distributions, this work improves the spatial resolution of a voltmeter using a slit plate. A slit plate narrows the field-of-view and realizes a higher resolution in measurement of one-dimensional potential distributions created by parallel electrodes. Field simulations showed that a thin and narrow slit can improve the spatial resolution. Experiments using a slit with a thickness of 0.02 mm and a slit opening of 0.2 mm confirmed the improvement in measurement of a potential distribution produced by parallel electrodes with an electrode pitch of 1 mm. The method was extended for visualizing time variations of surface potential distributions, in which the slit plate was oscillated for scanning. Using the extended method, a potential distribution was scanned at 40 frames per second. The method was applied to evaluation of surface potential distributions of an electrostatic film motor that has three-phase electrodes with an electrode pitch of 0.2 mm. The result of the potential measurement coincided with the force measurement in terms of their break frequencies.
An improved chaotic recognition method for weak signal frequency and its application to fault diagnosis of planetary gearboxes
Authors: Cao Shunxin , Li Hongkun , Zhang Kongliang , Yang Chen , Sun Fubiao , Wang Zibo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Planetary gearboxes are very prone to failure when they are used in low-speed and heavy-load conditions for a long time. Due to strong background noise in the industrial field and the signal decay in the process of fault signal transmission, the weak fault characteristics of planetary gearboxes are submerged by noise and difficult to extract and identify. Aiming at this problem, an improved chaos detection method for weak signal frequency recognition is proposed. In this paper, the maximum weighted kurtosis is selected as the fitness function, and the Aquila optimizer algorithm is used to find the optimal modal number K and penalty factor α of variational modal decomposition. According to the grey relational degree, an inherent modal function (IMF) containing rich fault features is selected to reduce the noise of the original signal. Further, a double-coupled Duffing oscillator equation is constructed, and a quantitative criterion for chaotic oscillator phase transition based on the standard deviation weighted-average Euclidean distance is proposed. Based on the reverse detection method, the sideband growth of the most sensitive IMF after standardization is detected to determine the health state of the planetary gearbox. Detecting the fault characteristic frequency in the most sensitive IMF after normalization and Hilbert transform processing is based on the forward detection method in order to determine the fault type of the planetary gearbox. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation and experiment. The results show that the proposed method successfully identifies the weak fault characteristics of the planetary gearbox, which fully shows that this method has an excellent diagnostic effect for planetary gearbox faults with rich frequency fault characteristics, and provides a new method for the diagnosis and identification of weak faults in planetary gearboxes in engineering practice.
Deep learning versus iterative reconstruction on image quality and dose reduction in abdominal CT: a live animal study
Authors: Zhang Jason Z , Ganesh Halemane , Raslau Flavius D , Nair Rashmi , Escott Edward , Wang Chi , Wang Ge , Zhang Jie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective. While simulated low-dose CT images and phantom studies cannot fully approximate subjective and objective effects of deep learning (DL) denoising on image quality, live animal models may afford this assessment. This study is to investigate the potential of DL in CT dose reduction on image quality compared to iterative reconstruction (IR). Approach. The upper abdomen of a live 4 year old sheep was scanned on a CT scanner at different exposure levels. Images were reconstructed using FBP and ADMIRE with 5 strengths. A modularized DL network with 5 modules was used for image reconstruction via progressive denoising. Radiomic features were extracted from a region over the liver. Concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) was applied to quantify agreement between any two sets of radiomic features. Coefficient of variation was calculated to measure variation in a radiomic feature series. Structural similarity index (SSIM) was used to measure the similarity between any two images. Diagnostic quality, low-contrast detectability, and image texture were qualitatively evaluated by two radiologists. Pearson correlation coefficient was computed across all dose-reconstruction/denoising combinations. Results. A total of 66 image sets, with 405 radiomic features extracted from each, are analyzed. IR and DL can improve diagnostic quality and low-contrast detectability and similarly modulate image texture features. In terms of SSIM, DL has higher potential in preserving image structure. There is strong correlation between SSIM and radiologists’ evaluations for diagnostic quality (0.559) and low-contrast detectability (0.635) but moderate correlation for texture (0.313). There is moderate correlation between CCC of radiomic features and radiologists’ evaluation for diagnostic quality (0.397), low-contrast detectability (0.417), and texture (0.326), implying that improvement of image features may not relate to improvement of diagnostic quality. Conclusion. DL shows potential to further reduce radiation dose while preserving structural similarity, while IR is favored by radiologists and more predictably alters radiomic features.
Chandrasekhar–Kendall–Woltjer–Taylor state in a resistive plasma
Authors: Zhai Ze-Yu , Yang Yang-Guang , Xia Xiao-Liang , Wang Qun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We give a criterion for the Chandrasekhar–Kendall–Woltjer–Taylor (CKWT) state in a resistive plasma. We find that the lowest momentum (longest wavelength) of the initial helicity amplitudes of magnetic fields are the key to the CKWT state, which can be reached if one helicity is favored over the other. This indicates that the imbalance between two helicities at the lowest momentum or longest wavelength in the initial conditions is essential to the CKWT state. A few examples of initial conditions for helicity amplitudes are taken to support the above statement both analytically and numerically.
Assessing the impact of parametric uncertainty on tipping points of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
Authors: Lux Kerstin , Ashwin Peter , Wood Richard , Kuehn Christian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVarious elements of the Earth system have the potential to undergo critical transitions to a radically different state, under sustained changes to climate forcing. The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is of particular importance for North Atlantic heat transport and is thought to be potentially at risk of passing such a tipping point (TP). In climate models, the location and likelihood of such TPs depends on model parameters that may be poorly known. Reducing this parametric uncertainty is important to understand the likelihood of tipping behaviour. In this letter, we develop estimates for parametric uncertainty in a simple model of AMOC tipping, using a Bayesian inversion technique. When applied using synthetic (‘perfect model’) salinity timeseries data, the technique drastically reduces the uncertainty in model parameters, compared to prior estimates derived from previous literature, resulting in tighter constraints on the AMOC TPs. To visualise the impact of parametric uncertainty on TPs, we extend classical tipping diagrams by showing probabilistic bifurcation curves according to the inferred distribution of the model parameter, allowing the uncertain locations of TPs along the probabilistic bifurcation curves to be highlighted. Our results show that suitable palaeo-proxy timeseries may contain enough information to assess the likely position of AMOC (and potentially other Earth system) TPs, even in cases where no tipping occurred during the period of the proxy data.
Polymeric Encapsulation of Mint Oil: Effect of Oil Load on the Physical Properties
Authors: Yuliani S , Wahyuningsih K , Widayanti S , Asnan T A W 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Mint oil has many applications including foods, perfumes and fragrances, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and pest control. This essential oil is easily damaged because of its high sensitivity to environmental conditions such as heat, oxygen, light and reactions with other compounds. Encapsulation provides protection of the oil against these undesirable conditions. This study was aimed at evaluating the characteristics of mint oil encapsulated in polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) as influenced by mint oil load. Mint oil was encapsulated in polyethylene glycol at four different percentages (5.0, 7.5, 10 and 12.5%) using a melt dispersion technique. The experiment was done in two replicates. The encapsulates were characterized for their morphology, size attributes and thermal properties. Particulate sizes ranged from 281.4 – 569.5 nm and tended to increase with the increase in oil load. Microstructure of the particles examined under scanning electron microscope showed irregular flakes with sizes around 10 μm. These particles contained oil droplets in the sizes of about 200 – 500 nm as confirmed by observation with a transmission electron microscope. The enthalpy of melting of encapsulates were higher than that of mint oil, describing the enhancement of oil stability under thermal conditions. This study provides useful information in developing essential oil encapsulation for use in wider applications.
The Characteristics of Low Sugar Jelly Made From Porang Flour and Agar
Authors: Herawati H , Kamsiati E 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Jelly is a food product with a chewy and soft texture, so widely used as a dessert ingredient and a mixture in drinks. Jelly could be produced from konjac or glucomannan flour that is formulated with other additives to give the desired texture. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum proportion of porang flour as a gelling agent in producing jelly powder and to determine the effect of adding low-calorie sweeteners on the characteristics of the product. The study was arranged in a completely randomized design. The formulations to be carried out in the first stage are: konjac: agar (60:40); porang flour : agar (40:60); konjac: agar: guar gum (40:40:20); konjac: agar: guar gum (40:30:30); konjac: guar gum (40:60) and commercial product. The potential formula from the previous stage were optimized to get the optimum formula of porang jelly powder. The optimum formula then mixes with low-calorie sweetener, i.e stevia; sorbitol-erythritol-steviol glycoside mix that compared with sucrose. The results showed that the proportion of porang flour: agar (40:60) produced jelly with the optimum texture characteristics and the lowest syneresis. The use of stevia increases the texture characteristics and decreases the syneresis of jelly. The sugar total of jelly powder was quite low, namely 9.5 g for 100 g jelly powder, which is equivalent to 0.18% w/v of jelly.
Quality Evaluation of Robusta Coffee Bean from Four Superior Clones with Semi-Wet Processing in Lampung Province
Authors: Yani A , Novitasari E 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate several superior clones of Robusta coffee through semi-wet processingg. The research was conducted at the Lampung AIAT Experimental Garden in Natar, Way Haron Village, the Lampung AIAT Laboratory and the Polinela Food Laboratory from April 2019 to October 2019. The clones used in the study were BP 534, BP 939, BP 436 and SA 203. Harvesting was carried out by red picking and then the berries were sorted. Analysis of the quality of coffee beans refers to Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 01-2907-2008 and SNI 01-3542-2004 for ground coffee. The results showed that clones BP 534 and BP 939 were classified as quality I, BP 436 and SA 203 clones were classified as quality II. The BP 534 have the highest protein, ash and carbohydrate content with the lowest fat content, while the fiber value is 17,389%. The color values (L) of coffee beans were ranged from 42.907 to 47.250. There was an increase in the L value from roasted coffee to ground coffee for all clones. The quality of ground coffee from four Robusta coffee clones meets the quality standards based on SNI 01-3542-2004. Ground coffee from clone BP 534 was the best compared to other clones.
Characteristics of Tempeh Prepared from Several Varieties of Indonesian Soybeans: Correlations between Soybean Size and Tempeh Quality Properties
Authors: Yuliani S , Juniawati  , Ratnaningsih  , Suryana EA 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Tempeh is a fermented soybean-based food that has long been an important protein source in Indonesia. In this study, tempeh was made from several varieties of soybeans to evaluate the differences in the characteristics of the tempeh produced. The soybean varieties used consisted of Anjasmoro, Grobogan, Dena, Dega and Biosoy, as well as imported soybeans. Characterization was carried out on both the soybeans and tempeh, including proximate composition, fatty acids, amino acids and textural properties. Pierce correlations were evaluated between seed sizes and quality parameters of soybean seed and tempeh. Dega and Biosoy had seed size closed to those of imported soybeans, which were favored by tempe producers. Different varieties of soybeans produced different characteristics of tempeh. Local soybean had superior quality of proximate composition, both in seed and tempeh. Sizes of soybean seeds had strong correlations with their dimension (length, height, thickness) (0.61, 0.59 and 0.58, respectively), but had weak correlations with proximate compositions, both for the soybean seed and their tempeh produced. Negative strong correlations were found in size of soybean seed and tempeh texture, showing a stronger and more compact texture of tempeh made from smaller seeds of soybean (-0.73). This study showed that soybean size had low correlations with the superior proximate characteristics of local soybean, providing useful information in expanding the choice of local soybean varieties as raw material for tempeh.
Shelf-Life Prediction of Peanut Oil (Arachis hypogaea L.) Using an Accelerated Shelf-Life Testing (ASLT) Method in the Polypropylene Packaging
Authors: Nurhasanah S , Setyadi A , Munarso S J , Subroto E , Filianty F 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Peanut oil has fairly low oxidation stability compared to some other vegetable oils, so it is easily damaged. The Accelerated Shelf-Life Testing (ASLT) method can be used to determine the shelf life of peanut oil due to oxidative damage. The purpose of this study was to determine the shelf life of cold-pressed and hot-pressed peanut oil in polypropylene (PP) bottles based on the peroxide value at room temperature (25 °C). The research method used was a simple linear regression method followed by an approach through the Arrhenius equation to determine the shelf life. The storage temperature variations used were 30 °C, 40 °C, and 50 °C with a frequency of testing 5 times for 14 days of incubation. The results showed that the shelf life of peanut oil was 23 days for cold pressing and 18 days for hot pressing.
Morphology, Extraction Yield, and Properties of Biogenic Silica Nanoparticles from Indonesian Rice Husk as Influenced by Solvent Type and Aging Time
Authors: Hoerudin  , Setyawan N , Suismono  , Purwaningsih H , Apriliani N 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Rice husk is a rich source of biogenic silica nanoparticles (SNPs) having excellent physico-chemical properties and numerous potential applications. Extraction yield of the biogenic SNPs may be influenced by many factors. In this study, morphology and the influence of solvent type (sodium hydroxide/NaOH, potassium hydroxide/KOH) and aging time (0, 6, 12, 18, 24h) on extraction yield and properties of selected biogenic SNPs from Indonesian rice husk were investigated. The biogenic SNPs were produced by a simple sol-gel method. The presence of biogenic SNP aggregates in the rice husk tissues was successfully identified by SEM-EDX micrographs. NaOH produced better SNPs extraction results than KOH. Aging time for 6h was the optimum condition for production of SNPs. The TEM image showed that SNPs from the best treatment were approximately spheroidal with particle sizes in the range of 20–50nm. The XRD patterns revealed the amorphous nature of the SNPs. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis showed that the SNPs had BET surface area of 235,78m2/g, total pore volume of 0.58cc/g, and average pore radius of 4.91nm. The SNPs exhibited a type IV isotherm and H1 hysteresis loop indicating a characteristic of mesoporous materials. The results suggest that the sol-gel method developed could provide a simple and relatively fast extraction technique producing biogenic amorphous mesoporous SNPs that could extend their potential applications and increase the economic benefits of utilizing rice husk.
The role of plant–soil feedback in long-term species coexistence cannot be predicted from its effects on plant performance
Authors: Dostálek Tomáš , Knappová Jana , Münzbergová Zuzana 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite many studies on the importance of competition and plants’ associations with mutualists and pathogens on plant performance and community organization, the joint effects of these two factors remain largely unexplored. Even less is known about how these joint effects vary through a plant’s life in different environmental conditions and how they contribute to the long-term coexistence of species.MethodsWe investigated the role of plant–soil feedback (PSF) in intra- and interspecific competition, using two co-occurring dry grassland species as models. A two-phase PSF experiment was used. In the first phase, soil was conditioned by the two plant species. In the second, we assessed the effect of soil conditioning, competition and drought stress on seedling establishment, plant growth in the first and second vegetation season, and fruit production. We also estimated effects of different treatments on overall population growth rates and predicted the species’ potential coexistence.ResultsSoil conditioning played a more important role in the early stages of the plants’ life (seedling establishment and early growth) than competition. Specifically, we found strong negative intraspecific PSF for biomass production in the first year in both species. Although the effects of soil conditioning persisted in later stages of plant’s life, competition and drought stress became more important. Surprisingly, models predicting species coexistence contrasted with the effects on individual life stages, showing that our model species benefit from their self-conditioned soil in the long run.ConclusionsWe provide evidence that the effects of PSF vary through plants’ life stages. Our study suggests that we cannot easily predict the effects of soil conditioning on long-term coexistence of species using data only on performance at a single time as commonly done in PSF studies. We also show the importance of using as realistic environmental conditions as possible (such as drought stress experienced in dry grasslands) to draw reasonable conclusions on species coexistence.