bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coalescence, the thermal model and multi-fragmentation: the energy and volume dependence of light nuclei production in heavy ion collisions
Authors: Hillmann Paula , Käfer Katharina , Steinheimer Jan , Vovchenko Volodymyr , Bleicher Marcus 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We present results of a phase space coalescence approach within the UrQMD transport and -hybrid model for a very wide range of beam energies from SIS to LHC. The coalescence model is able to qualitatively describe the whole range of experimental data with a fixed set of parameters. Some systematic deviations are observed for very low beam energies where the role of feed down from heavier nuclei and multi-fragmentation becomes relevant. The coalescence results are mostly very close to the thermal model fits. However, both the coalescence approach as well as thermal fits are struggling to simultaneously describe the triton multiplicities measured with the STAR and ALICE experiment. The double ratio of tp/d
2, in the coalescence approach, is found to be essentially energy and centrality independent for collisions of heavy nuclei at beam energies of E
lab > 10A GeV. On the other hand the clear scaling of the d/p
2 and t/p
3 ratios with the systems volume is broken for peripheral collisions, where a canonical treatment and finite size effects become more important.
Research on the deformed halo in 29F with a complex momentum representation method
Authors: Zhai Shu-Yuan , Cao Xue-Neng , Guo Jian-You 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The weakly bound nucleus 29F locates near the neutron drip line. Experiments have confirmed that it is the heaviest two-neutron halo nucleus discovered up to now. To understand the halo structure in 29F, we explore the weakly bound and resonant levels close to the Fermi surface with the complex momentum representation method. Not only the narrow resonances and the broad resonances. Since the broad resonance 2p
3/2 is disclosed, the p − f inversion and N = 20 shell gap quenching are found. The last valence neutron can occupy the weakly bound level 1/2[310], composed mainly of p
3/2–component, or the 1/2[211], composed mainly of s
1/2–component. Since the wavefunctions of p and s–components extend to a large range in the coordinate space, which results in the density distributions of the levels 1/2[310] and 1/2[211] being considerably diffuse. This is the most likely cause of halo formation in 29F and the halo may be formed by the p–component, s–component, or their mixtures by pairing correlations.
Comparison of heavy ion transport simulations: Ag + Ag collisions at E
lab = 1.58A GeV
Authors: Reichert Tom , Elz Alexander , Song Taesoo , Coci Gabriele , Winn Michael , Bratkovskaya Elena , Aichelin Jörg , Steinheimer Jan , Bleicher Marcus 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We compare the microscopic transport models UrQMD, PHSD, PHQMD, and SMASH to make predictions for the upcoming Ag + Ag data at E
lab = 1.58A GeV (

s

NN

=
2.55

GeV) by the HADES collaboration. We study multiplicities, spectra and effective source temperatures of protons, π
±,0, K
±, the η, Λ + Σ0 and the Ξ− within these models. Despite variations in the detailed implementation of the dynamics in the different models, the employed transport approaches all show consistent multiplicities of the bulk of investigated hadrons. The main differences are in the Ξ− production, which is treated differently between UrQMD/SMASH on one side employing high mass resonance states with explicit decays to Resonance → Ξ + K + K in contrast to PHSD/PHQMD which account only non-resonant Ξ production channels. A comparison of the spectra, summarized by effective source temperatures, shows that all models provide similar source temperatures around T
source = 80–95 MeV, and show substantial radial flow on the order of ⟨v

T
⟩ = 0.18c − 0.24c even for such a small system.
The effect of metal–insulator interface interactions on electrical transport in granular metals
Authors: Gilbert Simeon J , Rosenberg Samantha G , Kotula Paul G , Kmieciak Thomas G , Biedermann Laura B , Siegal Michael P 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We present an in-depth study of metal–insulator interfaces within granular metal (GM) films and correlate their interfacial interactions with structural and electrical transport properties. Nominally 100 nm thick GM films of Co and Mo dispersed within yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), with volumetric metal fractions (φ) from 0.2–0.8, were grown by radio frequency co-sputtering from individual metal and YSZ targets. Scanning transmission electron microscopy and DC transport measurements find that the resulting metal islands are well-defined with 1.7–2.6 nm average diameters and percolation thresholds between φ = 0.4–0.5. The room temperature conductivities for the φ = 0.2 samples are several orders of magnitude larger than previously-reported for GMs. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy indicates both oxygen vacancy formation within the YSZ and band-bending at metal–insulator interfaces. The higher-than-predicted conductivity is largely attributed to these interface interactions. In agreement with recent theory, interactions that reduce the change in conductivity across the metal–insulator interface are seen to prevent sharp conductivity drops when the metal concentration decreases below the percolation threshold. These interface interactions help interpret the broad range of conductivities reported throughout the literature and can be used to tune the conductivities of future GMs.
Thickness dependent band structure of α-bismuthene grown on epitaxial graphene
Authors: Takahashi Kazutoshi , Imamura Masaki , Yamamoto Isamu , Azuma Junpei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Along with the great interest in two-dimensional elemental materials that has emerged in recent years, atomically thin layers of bismuth have attracted attention due to physical properties on account of a strong spin–orbit coupling. Thickness dependent electronic band structure must be explored over the whole Brillouin zone in order to further explore their topological electronic properties. The anisotropic band structures along zig-zag and armchair directions of α-bismuthene (α-Bi) were resolved using the two-dimensional mapping of angle-resolved photoemission spectra. An increase in the number of layers from 1- to 2-bilayers (BLs) shifts the top of a hole band on

Γ

¯

–

X

¯

1

line to high wavenumber regions. Subsequently, an electron pocket on

Γ

¯

–

X

¯

1

line and a hole pocket centred at

Γ

¯

point appears in the 3 BL α-Bi. Gapless Dirac-cone features with a large anisotropy were clearly resolved on

X

¯

2

point in the 1-BL and 2-BL α-Bi, which can be attributed to the strong spin–orbit coupling and protection by the nonsymmorphic symmetry of the α-Bi lattice.
An underwater moving dipole tracking method of artificial lateral line based on intelligent optimization and recursive filter
Authors: Liu Yu , Hu Qiao , Yang Qian , Li Yixin , Fu Tongqiang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Inspired by the lateral line system of fish, an artificial lateral line system is proposed for underwater target detection. The dipole is treated as a standard and simplified target. In previous studies, most researchers focused on the dipole at a fixed position and the trajectory tracking of a moving dipole was barely considered. In this paper, a new trajectory tracking method for a moving dipole is proposed. First, based on the instant pressure amplitude and loss function, the dipole trajectory is tracked by particle swarm optimization (PSO). Then, the PSO-tracked trajectory is optimized by using recursive filters such as a Kalman filter (KF) and a particle filter (PF) to reduce the tracking error. The experiment result showed that when the trajectory of the dipole was rectangular, the target tracking accuracy of PSO was competitive compared with the Gauss–Newton method. The mean error distance (MED) of PSO was 12.51 mm. The PF showed better optimization performance than the KF in this study, and the corresponding MED of the PF was 7.064 mm. The main factor that caused tracking errors was pressure mismatch. In the simulation, when pressure mismatch was not considered, the performance of the proposed dipole tracking method was highly improved.
A neural network with nuisance attribute projection: a novel method for bearing fault diagnosis under variable speed
Authors: Ma Huijie , Li Shunming , Lu Jiantao , Gong Siqi , Yu Tianyi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Rolling bearings are a widely used component in rotating machinery, and deterioration of their performance may lead to machine breakdown and accidents. However, because rolling bearings often work under time-varying working conditions it is a great challenge to accurately separate fault features from working condition features. This paper presents a new neural network framework for variable speed fault diagnosis. The proposed neural network can eliminate the influence of condition information during training. Firstly, samples of the same category under different working conditions are distinguished. Secondly, a projection matrix is designed at the last layer of the neural network to project the features extracted through forward propagation to a hyperplane of the same latitude, so that the fault features are more obvious. Finally, a network model that can distinguish fault features from working conditions is obtained through back propagation training. In addition, we propose a multi-loss function, which can reduce the within-class distance and enlarge the between-class distance. The method is validated using bearing datasets under time-varying rotation speeds. The results show that our method has higher accuracy with a simple structure, and is a great improvement on the traditional method of bearing fault diagnosis.
Statistics of internal stress fluctuations in dislocated crystals and relevance to density-based dislocation dynamics models
Authors: Vivekanandan Vignesh , Anderson Joseph Pierre , Pachaury Yash , Mohamed Mamdouh S , El-Azab Anter 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A statistical analysis of internal stress fluctuations, defined as the difference between the local mean stress and stress on dislocations, is presented for deforming crystals with 3D discrete dislocation systems. Dislocation realizations are generated using dislocation dynamics simulations and the associated stress field is computed as a superposition of a regularized stress field of dislocation lines within the domain of the solution and a complementary stress field computed via a finite-element boundary value problem. The internal stress fluctuations of interest are defined by an ensemble of the difference between the stress on dislocation lines and the local mean field stress in the crystal. The latter is established in a piecewise fashion over small voxels in the crystal thus allowing the difference between the local average stress and stress on segments to be easily estimated. The results show that the Schmid stress (resolved shear stress) and Escaig stress fluctuations on various slip systems sampled over a random set of points follow a Cauchy (Lorentz) distribution at all strain levels, with the amplitude and width of the distribution being dependent on the strain. The implications of the Schmid and Escaig internal stress fluctuations are discussed from the points of view of dislocation cross-slip and the dislocation motion in continuum dislocation dynamics.
Electrospun PAN-HNTs composite nanofiber membranes for efficient electrostatic capture of particulate matters
Authors: Hu Shiqian , Chen Ruowang , Lu Peng , Zheng Zida , Gu Gangwei , Wang Mingyuan , Zhang Xiaowei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The fine particulate matter (PM) pollution has become a serious concern to public health. As the core part of PM air filters, high-performance electrostatic nanofiber membranes are urgently needed. However, the existing air filters remain challenging to further decrease the pressure drop to improve the wearer comfort. On the other hand, the rapidly disappearing static electricity of the existing electrostatic nanofiber inevitably gives rise to a relatively short service life. Here, we demonstrate a novel and enhanced electrostatic nanofiber membrane by introducing the halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) to the traditional electrospun PAN nanofiber membrane. The optimal PAN-HNTs nanofiber membrane shows a high removal efficiency of 99.54%, a low pressure drop of 39 Pa, and a high quality factor of 0.89 Pa−1. This greatly improved filtration performance can be attributed to the increased surface area and diameter of nanofiber after introducing the HNTs as additives with suitable doping concentrations. More importantly, compared with the pure PAN nanofiber membrane, the electrostatic capacity of the PAN-HNTs nanofiber membrane is significantly enhanced, which is confirmed by the leaf electroscope. After introducing the HNTs as additives, the surface of the PAN-HNTs nanofiber membrane becomes hydrophilic, which benefits for preventing foulants from attaching to the surface. We anticipate that the PAN-HNTs nanofibers as high-performance membrane air filters will bring great benefits to public health.
Self-powered topological insulator Bi2Te3/Ge heterojunction photodetector driven by long-lived excitons transfer
Authors: Yin Qin , Si Guoxiang , Li Jiao , Wali Sartaj , Ren Junfeng , Guo Jiatian , Zhang Hongbin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Due to the wide spectral absorption and ultrafast electron dynamical response under optical excitation, topological insulator (TI) was proposed to have appealing application in next-generation photonic and optoelectronic devices. Whereas, the bandgap-free speciality of Dirac surface states usually leads to a quick relaxation of photoexcited carriers, making the transient excitons difficult to manipulate in isolated TIs. Growth of TI Bi2Te3/Ge heterostructures can promote the specific lifetime and quantity of long-lived excitons, offering the possibility of designing original near-infrared optoelectronic devices, however, the construction of TI Bi2Te3/Ge heterostructures has yet to be investigated. Herein, the high-quality Bi2Te3/Ge heterojunction with clear interface was prepared by physical vapor deposition strategy. A significant photoluminescence quenching behaviour was observed by experiments, which was attributed to the spontaneous excitation transfer of electrons at heterointerface via theoretical analysis. Then, a self-powered heterostructure photodetector was fabricated, which demonstrated a maximal detectivity of 1.3 × 1011 Jones, an optical responsivity of 0.97 A W−1, and ultrafast photoresponse speed (12.1 μs) under 1064 nm light illumination. This study offers a fundamental understanding of the spontaneous interfacial exciton transfer of TI-based heterostructures, and the as-fabricated photodetectors with excellent performance provided an important step to meet the increasing demand for novel optoelectronic applications in the future.
Validation of the smooth step model by particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collisions simulations
Authors: Klich Maximilian , Löwer Jan , Wilczek Sebastian , Mussenbrock Thomas , Brinkmann Ralf Peter 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bounded plasmas are characterized by a rapid but smooth transition from quasi-neutrality in the volume to electron depletion close to the electrodes and chamber walls. The thin non-neutral region, the boundary sheath, comprises only a small fraction of the discharge domain but controls much of its macroscopic behavior. Insights into the properties of the sheath and its relation to the plasma are of high practical and theoretical interest. The recently proposed smooth step model (SSM) provides a closed analytical expression for the electric field in a planar, radio-frequency modulated sheath. It represents (i) the space charge field in the depletion zone, (ii) the generalized Ohmic and ambipolar field in the quasi-neutral zone, and (iii) a smooth interpolation for the transition in between. This investigation compares the SSM with the predictions of a more fundamental particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collisions simulation and finds good quantitative agreement when the assumed length and time scale requirements are met. A second simulation case illustrates that the model remains applicable even when the assumptions are only marginally fulfilled.
Electrical transport properties of highly doped N-type GaN materials
Authors: Konczewicz L , Litwin-Staszewska E , Zajac M , Turski H , Bockowski M , Schiavon D , Chlipała M , Iwinska M , Nita P , Juillaguet S , Contreras S 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a comparative study of electron transport phenomena in n-type gallium nitride strongly doped, above the Mott transition, with silicon and germanium. The samples under study were grown by molecular beam epitaxy, metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy and halide vapor phase epitaxy. The temperature dependence of resistivity and Hall Effect was investigated at temperatures ranging from 10 K up to 650 K. The measurements at sub-room temperatures allow the study of scattering mechanisms related to extrinsic material properties. The observed temperature dependences of the electrical transport properties were analyzed in the frame of the model taking into account a typical scattering mechanism and degree of degeneracy of free carrier electron gas. The limitations of the applied models will be presented.
Tests of gluino-driven radiative breaking of the electroweak symmetry at the LHC
Authors: Aboubrahim Amin , Klasen Michael , Nath Pran , Syed Raza M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The recent muon g − 2 result from Fermilab combined with the Brookhaven result, strongly points to new physics beyond the Standard Model which can be well described by the electroweak sector of supersymmetry if the masses of the sleptons and some of the electroweak gauginos are in the few hundred GeV range. However, the Higgs boson mass measurement at 125 GeV indicates a mass scale for squarks which lies in the few TeV region indicating a split mass spectrum between squarks and sleptons. This apparent puzzle is resolved in a natural way in gluino-driven radiative breaking of the electroweak symmetry where radiative breaking is driven by a large gluino mass and the gluino color interactions lead to a large splitting between the squarks and the sleptons. We show that an analysis without prejudice using an artificial neural network also leads to the gluino-driven radiative breaking. We use a set of benchmarks and a deep neural network analysis to test the model for the discovery of light sleptons and sneutrinos at HL-LHC and HE-LHC.
Variance reducing and noise correction in protein quantification by measuring fluctuations in fluorescence due to photobleaching
Authors: Gelber Itay 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Quantifying the absolute protein number using the ratio between the variance and the mean of the protein Fluorescence intensity is a straightforward method for microscopy imaging. Recently, this method has been expanded to fluorescence decaying processes due to photobleaching with binomial distribution. The article examines the method proposed and shows how it can be adapted to the case of variance in the initial number of proteins between the cells. The article shows that the method can be improved by the implementation of the information processing of each frame independently from other frames. By doing so, the variance in determining the protein number can be reduced. In addition, the article examines the management of unwanted noises in the measurement, offers a solution for the shot noise and background noise, examines the expected error caused by the decay constant inaccuracy, and analyzes the expected difficulties in conducting a practical experiment, which includes a non-exponential decay and variance in the photobleaching rate of the cells. The method can be applied to any superposition of n
0 discrete decaying processes. However, the evaluation of expected errors in quantification is essential for early planning of the experimental conditions and evaluation of the error.
Nonextensive effects on QCD chiral phase transition with a chiral chemical potential*
Authors: Zhao Ya-Peng , Zuo Shu-Yu , Li Cheng-Ming 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the QCD chiral phase diagram in the presence of a chiral chemical potentialbased on nonextensive statistical mechanics. A feature of this new statistic is a dimensionless nonextensivity parameterq, which summarizes all possible effects violating the assumptions of Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG) statistics (when, it returns to the BG case). Within the nonextensive Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, we find that asincreases, the critical end point (CEP) in theplane continues toin theplane, and nonextensive effects have a significant impact on the evolution from the CEP to. Generally, with an increase inq, both the CEP andmove in the direction of a lower temperatureTand larger chemical potentialμ(). In addition, we find that chiral charge densitygenerally increases withT,μ,, andq. Our study may provide useful hints about lattice QCD and relativistic heavy-ion collision experiments.
Fibre-coupled tunable source based on a supercontinuum laser for the spectral characterisation of fibre optics components and systems
Authors: Castagna Natascia , Morel Jacques 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We present a measurement system, traceable to the International System of Units, for the calibration of the spectral responsivity (SR) of fibre-coupled photodetectors and power meters, as well as for the measurement of the spectral properties of fibre optics components. The system, based on a supercontinuum laser combined with a two-stage tunable filter, is continuously tunable in a spectral range spanning from 700 nm to 1800 nm. The typical full width half maximum (FWHM) spectral width is of about 1.3 nm, with an in-fibre power level of up to 1 mW. In a single mode geometry, the expanded uncertainty is as low as 0.7% for the SR calibration and 0.6% for the spectral properties calibration. Uncertainties of about 1% were estimated for both types of measurements in a multi mode geometry. Application fields of this versatile system range from telecommunication to sensors and to rapidly growing domains like quantum communication and cryptography.
Development of an automated Moon observation system using the ALTS-07 Robotic Telescope: 2. Progress report on standard contrast enhancement of Moon crescent image with OpenCV
Authors: Muztaba Robiatul , Malasan Hakim L. , Djamal Mitra 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Vision is a continuous two-dimensional (2-D) image that can be perceived by human visual system. Mathematically, image is a 2-D function that expresses the intensity of light. This research introduces the fundamental ideas of computer vision. We used OpenCV (Open-Source Computer Vision) to solve automatic image processing techniques, especially enhancement of contrast crescent visibility. We described an image using feature vectors to characterize and numerically to quantify the contents of an image. Then, we compared several techniques for increasing image quality, such as Basic contrast, Binary thresholding, Otsu thresholding, Histogram equalization, and Adaptive Histogram equalization. Finally, we calculated the statistical features of the image before and after enhancement process, and also decided to choose the best enhancement technique that will be implemented on a self-constructed cascade classifier in the future.