bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismology Perspectives on Integrated, Coordinated, Open, Networked (ICON) Science
Authors: Li Lei , Wong Wing Ching Jeremy , Schwarz Benjamin , Lau Tsz Lam 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSeismology focuses on the study of earthquakes and associated phenomena to characterize seismic sources and Earth structure, which both are of immediate relevance to society. This article is composed of two independent views on the state of the integrated, coordinated, open, networked (ICON) principles (Goldman et al., 2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021eo153180) in seismology and reflects on the opportunities and challenges of adopting them from a different angle. Each perspective focuses on a different topic. Section 1 deals with the integration of multiscale and multidisciplinary observations, focusing on integrated and open approaches, whereas Section 2 discusses computing and open‐source algorithms, reflecting coordinated, networked, and open principles. In the past century, seismology has benefited from two co‐existing technological advancements—The emergence of new, more capable sensory systems and affordable and distributed computing infrastructure. Integrating multiple observations is a crucial strategy to improve the understanding of earthquake hazards. However, current efforts in making big datasets available and manageable lack coherence, which makes it challenging to implement initiatives that span different communities. Building on ongoing advancements in computing, machine learning algorithms have been revolutionizing the way of seismic data processing and interpretation. A community‐driven approach to code management offers open and networked opportunities for young scholars to learn and contribute to a more sustainable approach to seismology. Investing in new sensors, more capable computing infrastructure, and open‐source algorithms following the ICON principles will enable new discoveries across the Earth sciences.
Improving the Thermosphere Ionosphere in a Whole Atmosphere Model by Assimilating GOLD Disk Temperatures
Authors: Laskar F. I. , Pedatella N. M. , Codrescu M. V. , Eastes R. W. , McClintock W. E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGlobal‐Scale Observations of Limb and Disk (GOLD) disk measurements of far ultraviolet molecular nitrogen band emissions are used to retrieve column integrated disk temperatures (Tdisk), which are representative of the lower‐and‐middle thermosphere. The present work develops a new approach to assimilate the Tdisk in the whole atmosphere community climate model with thermosphere‐ionosphere eXtension using the data assimilation research testbed ensemble adjustment Kalman filter. Nine days of data, 1–9 November 2018, are assimilated. Analysis state variables such as thermospheric effective temperature (Teff, airglow layer integrated temperature), ratio of atomic oxygen to molecular nitrogen column densities (O/N2), and column electron content are compared with a control simulation that is only constrained up to ∼50 km. It is observed that assimilation of the GOLD Tdisk improves the analysis states when compared with the control simulation. The analysis and model states, particularly, Teff, O/N2, and electron column density (ECD) are compared with their measurement counterparts for a validation of the assimilation. Teff and O/N2 are compared with GOLD Tdisk and O/N2. While, the ECD is compared with ground based total electron content measurements from global navigational satellite system receivers. Root mean square error (RMSE) improvements in Teff and O/N2 are about 10.8% and 22.6%, respectively. The RMSE improvement in analyses ECD is about 10% compared to the control simulation.
A Library of Large‐Eddy Simulations Forced by Global Climate Models
Authors: Shen Zhaoyi , Sridhar Akshay , Tan Zhihong , Jaruga Anna , Schneider Tapio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAdvances in high‐performance computing have enabled large‐eddy simulations (LES) of turbulence, convection, and clouds. However, their potential to improve parameterizations in global climate models (GCMs) is only beginning to be harnessed, with relatively few canonical LES available so far. The purpose of this paper is to begin creating a public LES library that expands the training data available for calibrating and evaluating GCM parameterizations. To do so, we use an experimental setup in which LES are driven by large‐scale forcings from GCMs, which in principle can be used at any location, any time of year, and in any climate state. We use this setup to create a library of LES of clouds across the tropics and subtropics, in the present and in a warmer climate, with a focus on the transition from stratocumulus to shallow cumulus over the East Pacific. The LES results are relatively insensitive to the choice of host GCM driving the LES. Driven with large‐scale forcing under global warming, the LES simulate a positive but weak shortwave cloud feedback, adding to the accumulating evidence that low clouds amplify global warming.
Late Cretaceous to Late Eocene Exhumation in the Nima Area, Central Tibet: Implications for Development of Low Relief Topography of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Xue Weiwei , Najman Yani , Hu Xiumian , Persano Cristina , Stuart Finlay M. , Li Wei , Ma Anlin , Wang Ying 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMuch of the interior of the Tibetan Plateau is characterized by internal drainage, low relief topography, and high altitude. How and when this landscape formed is controversial. In this study, we use new zircon U‐Pb data and low‐temperature thermochronological data (apatite and zircon [U‐Th/He], apatite fission track [AFT]) from the Late Cretaceous to Cenozoic Nima Basin sedimentary rocks and Xiabie granite in the adjacent Muggar Thrust hanging wall (part of the regional Shiquanhe‐Gaize‐Amdo thrust system), to determine the paleodrainage and timing of exhumation in the region. Individual AHe and ZHe cooling ages range from 9 to 60 Ma and 58 to 118 Ma, and the AFT ages range from 30 to 90 Ma. The thermal history derived from the Northern Nima Basin sediments and Xiabie granite require a period of exhumation between 70 and 40 Ma in the thrust fault hanging wall, and 40 and 30 Ma in the Nima Basin. Across the region, this event was followed by low rates of exhumation and the deposition of locally sourced sediment, lacustrine, and evaporitic deposits that are indicative of an internal drainage system. We suggest that the exhumation event is associated with development of thrust‐elevated relief that may have disrupted the drainage network favoring the development of an endorheic system. This system, sediment accumulation, and/or post‐30 Ma tectonic quiescence led to the generation of low relief topography.
Magnetic Local Time and Latitude Distribution of Ionospheric Large‐Spatial‐Scale EMIC Wave Events: Swarm Observations
Authors: Wang Hui , Sun Luyuan , Lühr Hermann , Liu Yiwen , He Yangfan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the present work, the magnetic local time and latitude (MLT and MLat) distributions of ionospheric large‐spatial‐scale (>20° MLat) electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves were investigated using high‐resolution 50‐Hz geomagnetic field data from Swarm A and B satellites. Both parallel and transverse waves were studied in a comparative manner for different geomagnetic activities and seasons. Frequent occurrences of large‐spatial‐scale waves in the South Atlantic Anomaly and North America, where the parallel waves propagate over the longest distance, were observed. Waves appear mostly in the 02–10 MLT sector wherein the pre‐noon parallel waves propagate farthest in latitudinal range. With the enhancement of geomagnetic activity, both transverse and parallel waves increase in occurrence. The dayside occurrence rate is higher during weak geomagnetic activity, whereas the situation is reversed on the nightside and duskside. The dayside waves are located outside the mid‐latitude trough, and the nightside waves are located near (inside) the equatorward boundary of the mid‐latitude trough. Large‐spatial‐scale waves tend to occur at the equinoxes when the absolute value of the dipole tilt angle is less than 10°, while the long‐distance transmission in the waveguide occurs in the pre‐noon in summer. Parallel waves propagate in the region where the electron density is higher than that of the transverse waves. There is a close relationship between EMIC wave and electron density oscillation.
Pivotal role of O-antigenic polysaccharide display in the sensitivity against phage tail-like particles in environmental Pseudomonas kin competition
Authors: Heiman Clara Margot , Maurhofer Monika , Calderon Sandra , Dupasquier Mélanie , Marquis Julien , Keel Christoph , Vacheron Jordan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Environmental pseudomonads colonize various niches including insect and plant environments. When invading these environments, bacteria are confronted with the resident microbiota. To oppose with closely related strains, they rely on narrow-spectrum weaponry such as tailocins, i.e., phage tail-like particles. Little is known about the receptors for these tailocins especially among phylogenetically closely related species. Here, we studied the interaction between an R-tailocin from Pseudomonas protegens CHA0 and a targeted kin, Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5. Using genome-wide transposon insertion sequencing, we identified that lipopolysaccharides are involved in the sensitivity of Pf-5 towards the tailocin of CHA0. By generating Pf-5 lipopolysaccharide mutants and exposing them to extracted tailocin, we specified the two O-antigenic polysaccharides (O-PS) targeted by the tailocin. We affirmed the role of these O-PS through competition assays in vitro as well as in insects. Further, we demonstrate that O-PS are double-edge swords that are responsible for the sensitivity of P. protegens towards tailocins and phages produced by their kin, but shield bacteria from the immune system of the insect. Our results shed light on the trade-off that bacteria are confronted with, where specific O-PS decorations can both be of benefit or disadvantage depending on the host environment and its bacterial inhabitants.
Insidious Insights: Implications of viral vector engineering for pathogen enhancement
Authors: Sandbrink Jonas B. , Alley Ethan C. , Watson Matthew C. , Koblentz Gregory D. , Esvelt Kevin M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOptimizing viral vectors and their properties will be important for improving the effectiveness and safety of clinical gene therapy. However, such research may generate dual-use insights relevant to the enhancement of pandemic pathogens. In particular, reliable and generalizable methods of immune evasion could increase viral fitness sufficient to cause a new pandemic. High potential for misuse is associated with (1) the development of universal genetic elements for immune modulation, (2) specific insights on capsid engineering for antibody evasion applicable to viruses with pandemic potential, and (3) the development of computational methods to inform capsid engineering. These risks may be mitigated by prioritizing non-viral delivery systems, pharmacological immune modulation methods, non-genetic vector surface modifications, and engineering methods specific to AAV and other viruses incapable of unassisted human-to-human transmission. We recommend that computational vector engineering and the publication of associated code and data be limited to AAV until a technical solution for preventing malicious access to viral engineering tools has been established.
Structure of the decoy module of human glycoprotein 2 and uromodulin and its interaction with bacterial adhesin FimH
Authors: Stsiapanava Alena , Xu Chenrui , Nishio Shunsuke , Han Ling , Yamakawa Nao , Carroni Marta , Tunyasuvunakool Kathryn , Jumper John , de Sanctis Daniele , Wu Bin , Jovine Luca 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGlycoprotein 2 (GP2) and uromodulin (UMOD) filaments protect against gastrointestinal and urinary tract infections by acting as decoys for bacterial fimbrial lectin FimH. By combining AlphaFold2 predictions with X-ray crystallography and cryo-EM, we show that these proteins contain a bipartite decoy module whose new fold presents the high-mannose glycan recognized by FimH. The structure rationalizes UMOD mutations associated with kidney diseases and visualizes a key epitope implicated in cast nephropathy.
Path loss modelling based on path profile in urban propagation environments
Authors: Juang Rong‐Terng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a path loss model based on path profile in urban propagation environments for 5G systems. Although deep learning approaches are indeed powerful in tasks involving prediction or classification, they often lack transparency and suffer from high computational complexity. The proposed model combines the log‐distance path loss model for line‐of‐sight propagation scenarios and a machine‐learning‐based model for non‐line‐of‐sight (NLOS) cases. This paper uses the principal component analysis algorithm to extract relevant features out of some selected attributes of the path profile for NLOS cases. Then, the path loss model can be constructed based on the approach of polynomial regression. Simulation results show that the proposed model outperforms the conventional models when operating in the 3.5 GHz frequency band. The standard deviation of prediction error was reduced by about 22.2–37.2% dB when compared to the conventional models. Furthermore, the prediction performance was also evaluated in a non‐standalone 5G New Radio network in the urban environment of Taipei city. The real‐world measurements show that the standard deviation of prediction error can be reduced by 3.33–6.13 dB when compared to the conventional models.
Effect of 12-wk Training in Ovariectomised Rats on PGC-1α, NRF-1 and Energy Substrates
Authors: Pejon Taciane Maria Melges , Faria Vinicius Silva , Gobatto Claudio Alexandre , Manchado-Gobatto Fúlvia Barros , Scariot Pedro Paulo Menezes , Cornachione Anabelle Silva , Beck Wladimir Rafael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMetabolic diseases are associated with hypoestrogenism owing to their lower energy expenditure and consequent imbalance. Physical training promotes energy expenditure through PGC-1α and NRF-1, which are muscle proteins of the oxidative metabolism. However, the influence of physical training on protein expression in individuals with hypoestrogenism remains uncertain. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine the effect of 12 weeks of moderate-intensity swimming training on the muscle expression of PGC-1α, NRF-1, glycogen and triglyceride in ovariectomised rats. OVX and OVX+TR rats were subjected to ovariectomy. The trained animals swam for 30 minutes, 5 days/week, at 80% of the critical load intensity. Soleus was collected to quantify PGC-1α and NRF-1 expressions, while gastrocnemius and gluteus maximus were collected to measure glycogen and triglyceride. Blood glucose was also evaluated. Whereas ovariectomy decreased PGC-1α expression (p<0.05) without altering NRF-1 (p=0.48), physical training increased PGC-1α (p<0.01) and NRF-1 (p<0.05). Ovariectomy reduced glycogen (p<0.05) and triglyceride (p<0.05), whereas physical training increased glycogen (p<0.05) but did not change triglyceride (p=0.06). Ovariectomy increased blood glucose (p<0.01), while physical training reduced it (p<0.01). In summary, 12 weeks of individualized and moderate-intensity training were capable of preventing muscle metabolic consequences caused by ovariectomy.
Ethnolinguistic diversity and urban agglomeration
Authors: Eberle Ulrich J. , Henderson J. Vernon , Rohner Dominic , Schmidheiny Kurt 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Urbanization and agglomeration of economic activity are key drivers of economic development. Many factors underlying city sizes and locations continue to be well studied. However, a key factor has so far been generally ignored: the role of the ethnolinguistic composition of local populations. We address this gap, drawing on a very detailed dataset on local urban agglomeration and ethnolinguistic diversity. We find that, in multiethnic areas, social tensions arise more easily, discouraging the move to bigger cities. Ethnolinguistically diverse regions feature less urbanization and agglomeration, with potentially profound economic consequences.
Endogenous cannabinoids are required for MC4R-mediated control of energy homeostasis
Authors: Yong Yu , Cakir Isin , Lining Pan Pauline , Biddinger Jessica E. , Bluett Rebecca J. , Mackie Ken , Bingham Nathan , Patel Sachin , Ghamari-Langroudi Masoud 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Cannabis is well known to regulate food intake, and cannabinoids increase the value of caloric and non-caloric rewards, while also regulating homeostatic feeding. Here, we show that tonic endogenous cannabinoid signaling regulates the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) expressing paraventricular hypothalamic neurons through modulation of their presynaptic inhibitory inputs in an energy state–dependent manner. Specifically, this tonic 2-AG signal is maximal during fasting and collapses in satiation. Impairing 2-AG synthetic capacity from MC4R neurons reduces body weight and confers resistance to diet-induced obesity via increased energy expenditure and reduced food intake. This mode of regulation of MC4R neurons could offer a new therapeutic avenue to modulate food intake and energy metabolism.
Oxygen hole content, charge-transfer gap, covalency, and cuprate superconductivity
Authors: Kowalski Nicolas , Dash Sidhartha Shankar , Sémon Patrick , Sénéchal David , Tremblay André-Marie 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Modern theoretical methods solve a long-standing mystery of cuprate high-temperature superconductivity, identifying crucial quantities that optimize the transition temperature. Superconducting cuprates have very different transition temperatures, and even if the optimal value of the superconducting transition temperature is obtained for a given parent compound by varying doping, there is no correlation between optimal doping and transition temperature. Instead, it has been found experimentally that the optimal transition temperature is controlled by oxygen hole content or by the size of the charge-transfer gap. Our calculations show that these two quantities are correlated and that together with covalency they lead to an effective superexchange interaction between copper atoms that ultimately controls the optimal superconducting order parameter.
Clinically-derived oscillatory biomarker predicts optimal subthalamic stimulation for Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Rao Akshay T , Lu Charles W , Askari Asra , Malaga Karlo A , Chou Kelvin L , Patil Parag G 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective. Choosing the optimal electrode trajectory, stimulation location, and stimulation amplitude in subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) for Parkinson’s disease remains a time-consuming empirical effort. In this retrospective study, we derive a data-driven electrophysiological biomarker that predicts clinical DBS location and parameters, and we consolidate this information into a quantitative score that may facilitate an objective approach to STN DBS surgery and programming. Approach. Random-forest feature selection was applied to a dataset of 1046 microelectrode recordings (MERs) sites across 20 DBS implant trajectories to identify features of oscillatory activity that predict clinically programmed volumes of tissue activation (VTAs). A cross-validated classifier was used to retrospectively predict VTA regions from these features. Spatial convolution of probabilistic classifier outputs along MER trajectories produced a biomarker score that reflects the probability of localization within a clinically optimized VTA. Main results. Biomarker scores peaked within the VTA region and were significantly correlated with percent improvement in postoperative motor symptoms (Part III of the Movement Disorders Society revision of the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale, R = 0.61, p = 0.004). Notably, the length of STN, a common criterion for trajectory selection, did not show similar correlation (R = −0.31, p = 0.18). These findings suggest that biomarker-based trajectory selection and programming may improve motor outcomes by 9 ± 3 percentage points (p = 0.047) in this dataset. Significance. A clinically defined electrophysiological biomarker not only predicts VTA size and location but also correlates well with motor outcomes. Use of this biomarker for trajectory selection and initial stimulation may potentially simplify STN DBS surgery and programming.
On the Influence of Viscosity and Density of a Liquid Medium on Efficiency of Magnetophoresis. Role of Temperature
Authors: Sandulyak Anna A , Sandulyak Alexander V , Ershova Vera A , Sandulyak Darya A , Pamme Nicole , Sleptsov Vladimir V 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Significant, but usually insufficiently disclosed and analyzed, parameters of magnetophoresis of magnetoactive particles of liquid-dispersed media are the dynamic viscosity and density of the medium, as well as its temperature, which usually significantly affects the viscosity. The role of viscosity and density is analyzed using the example of such a variant of magnetophoresis as filtration magnetic separation (FMS). This role is reflected in the basic expressions for filtration efficiency and rate limiting. To legalize the role of temperature in these expressions, an approach was used to obtain phenomenological temperature dependences of the viscosity of a number of liquid media by identifying these dependences (or their characteristic sections), amenable to quasi-linearization in semi-logarithmic coordinates. Thus, the possibility of their description by functions of the logarithmic and exponential form is shown, and therefore - an alternative representation of expressions for the efficiency and limiting speed of FMS.
BOD5, COD, and Surfactants in Discharge Water in the Vicinity of a Tannery in Salcedo, Ecuador
Authors: Urrutia-Goyes Ricardo , Molina Clara , Moscoso Daniela , Montaluisa Katherine 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Water is one of the most important resources in the world, but its contamination has remained a serious environmental problem due to advances in industrialization, agriculture, urbanization and overpopulation. The present work is focused on recognizing environmental parameters in the sewage of a tannery industry located in Salcedo, Ecuador and hopefully avoid the effects that could be caused by it in the future. A total of 20 water samples were collected and transported according to Ecuadorian standards and regulations. Three different sampling points were chosen (located approximately 100 m apart) as well as three different days and two different times as factors for the experimental design. Water samples were transported to an independent laboratory for analysis. Parameters COD, BOD5, dissolved oxygen, and surfactants were analyzed by volumetry techniques and UV-VIS spectrophotometry. Parameters pH, flow and temperature were measured in situ. Analysis of variance was run on the resulting data (95% confidence). It was concluded that all parameters exceed official Ecuadorian thresholds, except for temperature and flow. This information is expected to be used as an alert for local regulators.