bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Before the Gold: Connecting Aspirations, Activism, and BIPOC Excellence Through Olympic Skateboarding
Authors: Williams Neftalie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Although scholars have focused on the racial politics of popular and Olympic sports (particularly in the US context), few have addressed issues of race in action sports like skateboarding. Those who do consider race in elite skateboarding broadly frame skaters of color (SOC) as “tokens” with little to no agency. Furthermore, the scholarly literature theorizes skateboarding culture as a space of whiteness, with a limited capacity to act as a contested site of racial politics and fails to include and consider the voices and experiences of elite SOC. This article's interviews with SOC offer firsthand accounts and analysis of the racial politics encountered by elite SOC from the 2020–2021 US Olympic team ahead of skateboarding's Olympic debut in Tokyo. Informed by the activism of critical race theory (CRT), this article gives voice to the previously voiceless. Privileging the stories of elite SOC at the formation or nexus of Olympic skateboarding, the Black Lives Matter Movement (BLM), and rising Asian American Pacific Islander (AAPI) violence, this research clarifies how elite US Olympic SOC contest racism and stereotypes while navigating “otherness” and “double consciousness” in their role as historic spokespeople for skateboarding, their families, and US communities of color.
An Olympian on Display: Museums and the Commemoration of Jesse Owens
Authors: Linden Andrew D. , Pieper Lindsay Parks 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Representations of Olympian Jesse Owens are on display in Le Musée Olympique (LMO), Switzerland, and the National Museum of African American History and Culture (NMAAHC), United States. At both museums, visitors learn about Owens's life through specific institutional lenses that intentionally diminish certain aspects of his life and legacy. LMO uses Owens to propagate Olympism, while the NMAAHC sidesteps some of his post-career stances to bolster support for athlete activism. The inclusions and exemptions of certain pieces of Owens's life at both museums are purposeful and part of their broader missions. Therefore, Owens's story at LMO and the NMAAHC is both partial and selective, demonstrating the constraints of cultural memory in museums.
Fighting Colonialism: Olympic Boxing and Australian Race Relations
Authors: Osmond Gary , Phillips Murray G. , Harvey Alistair 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Australian Aboriginal boxer Adrian Blair was one of three Indigenous Australians to compete in the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games. To that point, no Indigenous Australians had ever participated in the Olympics, not for want of sporting talent but because the racist legislation that stripped them of their basic human rights extended to limited sporting opportunities. The state of Queensland, where Blair lived, had the most repressive laws governing Indigenous people of any state in Australia. The Cherbourg Aboriginal Settlement, a government reserve where Blair grew up as a ward of the state, epitomized the oppressive control exerted over Indigenous people. In this article, we examine Blair's selection for the Olympic Games through the lens of government legislation and changing policy toward Indigenous people. We chart a growing trajectory of boxing in Cherbourg, from the reserve's foundation in 1904 to Blair's appearance in Tokyo sixty years later, which corresponds to policy shifts from “protection” to informal assimilation and, finally, to formal assimilation in the 1960s. The analysis of how Cherbourg boxing developed in these changing periods illustrates the power of sport history for analyzing race relations in settler colonial countries.
Studies of fair weather atmospheric electrical potential gradient in the free atmosphere over Poona during IQSY
Authors: HUDDA BB , SRIVASTAVA GP , MANI A 
Published: May 2022

The results of upper air soundings made during the IQSY (1964-65) at Poona to study the fair weather potential gradient in the free atmosphere are presented. The variations in the troposphere are large and shown to be mainly meteorological in origin. Small but significant variations are also noticed in the stratosphere. Values of ionosphere potential integrated from vertical profiles of the electric field, range from 260 360 kv, with a maximum during December-February and a minimum during June-August
Surface radiation balance measurements in India during the IQSY
Authors: CHACKO O , THOMAS CT , MANI A 
Published: May 2022

Results of surface radiation balance measurements at Poona, Calcutta and Delhi during the IQSY are presented. The diurnal, seasonal and spatial variation of net radiation are discussed with reference to solar elevation, cloudiness albedo and surface moisture and temperature. Net radiation during day is a maximum during the clear summer months and least during cloudy monsoon and winter months. At night net radiation negative and generally very small or zero. Marked differences are present in the magnitude and the distribution of net radiation at Poona, Calcutta and Delhi.
A transistorized Rocketsonde for measurement of upper atmosphere temperature
Authors: SRIVASTAVA SN , NIRANJAN S 
Published: May 2022

This note gives description of & pulse modulated transistorized rocketsonde instrument package, working on 1680 Mc/s for telemetering temperature information from meteorological sounding rockets. Currently used ground equipments like GMD-1 or WBRT-57 can be used to receive the signals. The package is completely transistorized except for the final transmitting stage which has a sub-miniature tube. H.T. battery, however, is not required for this tube. The change in resistance of the thermistor due to variation in tempernture changes the p.r.f. of the modulator between 10 to 200 cps.
Article: The Interest Limitation Rule in the Light of European Constitutional Law
Authors: Heber Caroline 
Published: May 2022

At the European level, the Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive (ATAD) introduced an interest limitation rule. The European legislature followed the recommendations of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), according to which interest limitation rules are a suitable instrument to address schemes that aim to shift profits to other jurisdictions and thereby erode tax bases of Member States. The existing German interest limitation rule and the case law of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) had a tremendous impact on the drafting of the European rule and thus the European legislature decided to expose both cross-border and purely domestic interest payments to the interest barrier. The article shows that the extension of the interest limitation rule to purely domestic situations violates the European principle of equal treatment. Against this background, the article proves that the European internal market allows the application of a European interest limitation rule only in cross-border situations.
Interest limitation rule, principle of equal treatment, ATAD, internal market, fundamental freedoms, ability-to-pay principle, market neutrality, economic efficiency, principle of subsidiarity, internal market competence
The Interplay Between EU Law and Regional Sea Conventions: Shaping Environmental Protection in Relation to Offshore Energy Production Across Europe?
Authors: Giannopoulos Nikolaos 
Published: May 2022

Despite the EU’s ambitious goals regarding the expansion of marine renewables as a promising climate mitigation and energy security measure, the majority of hydrocarbon exploitation continues occurring offshore with more than 500 oil and gas installations operating in European seas. Given the grave environmental risks these activities pose, the EU has developed secondary rules with implications for the regulation of offshore energy generation. These normative developments have added an extra layer of regional, supra-national regulation of ocean energy production across European seas, which necessarily interacts with the simultaneously applicable rules under regional sea agreements. The article examines the implications of the normative interplay between EU law and regional sea agreements in terms of shaping the environmental regulation of offshore energy production across Europe. In that respect, it explores whether EU law instruments and the EU’s sophisticated institutional framework can enhance the rules and standards under the regional sea agreements, in terms both of adding normative content to them and supporting their enforcement. In light of the mutual cross-fertilization between the two applicable regimes, the article equally looks into the normative impact of regional sea conventions on the EU legal framework and its implementation in the context of offshore energy production.
Offshore energy, regional sea agreements, normative interactions, marine environmental protection
A Justice-Driven Approach to EU Power Sector Decarbonization
Authors: Makuch Zen , Coghlan Callum , Bricout Aymeric , Velasco Lidia Ruiz , Trottier-Chi Calvin 
Published: May 2022

As a leading industrialized block of Member States and a global trendsetter of climate policy and law, the EU has a particular responsibility to rapidly decarbonize. With energy forming 75% of current emissions and decarbonization being driven in part by mass electrification, transitioning the EU’s power system from predominantly fossil fuel-based to being principally powered by renewable energy sources (RES) (‘the Transition’) is a key first step. Particularly on the necessary speed of fossil fuel phase-out, however, the Transition is falling short of 1.5°C compatibility. Here, we advocate for a justice-driven, holistic approach to the Transition, with appreciation for the interconnectivity of the four major pillars of environmental, social, economic, and governance justice. Promoting governance as an integrated justice dimension offers a more robust and comprehensive framework for decision-making across different legislative levels. To demonstrate how this framework could deliver a more effective and equitable Transition, we apply it across sixteen ‘Rules’, under these four pillars. Each is designed for EU-wide transposition and the implementation by Member States as a means of filling a gap in the EU’s legislative framework, including the newly released ‘Fit for 55’ proposals package. We consider directly and comprehensively the interaction between new rules and existing and proposed EU legislation, the synergies across pillars, the compromises which might be necessitated, and the limitations of our high-level approach.
EU, Energy, policy, law, climate change, power sector, just transition
China and the WTO, Redux: Making Sense of Two Decades of Membership
Authors: Scott James , Wilkinson Rorden 
Published: May 2022

2021 marked the twentieth anniversary of China entering the WTO. Those first two decades have been far from smooth with multiple trade tensions arising between China and other members, both within the WTO and beyond. This article uses the twenty-year milestone as an opportunity to assess China’s role within the global trade system and the impact it has had on broader trade relations. We argue that while there are areas of China’s trade-related practices that are worrying and present severe challenges to the system, claims that it is consistently behaving outside of the WTO’s established rules and norms are exaggerated. While China is certainly using all the latitude available within the rules and is at times transgressing WTO law, its behaviour remains similar to that of other great powers within the system and is consistent with what is expected within any inherently competitive system wherein conflict and contestation are normal features of engagement.
WTO, China, trade
Who Uses the Special and Differential Treatment Provisions of the WTO?
Authors: Lee Hyo Won , Kim Youngwan 
Published: May 2022

Why do some countries promptly implement free trade rules, whereas others opt for slow adaptation? The Special and Differential Treatment (SDT) provisions serve as a tool for the developing and least-developed countries to delay the implementation of World Trade Organization (WTO) free trade rules. SDT supporters point out the positive impacts of the provisions in facilitating free trade in the long term. In their view, developing countries may improve their economic status by increasing their chances of participating in free trade. SDT provisions can play a positive role, although they prolong the prompt implementation of free trade rules. However, not all poor WTO members utilize SDT provisions when implementing free trade rules. Some poor members accept the rules without requesting SDT. This study attempts to answer why some such member countries of the WTO use SDT provisions more than others. We found that member countries’ (1) domestic policy implementation capabilities and (2) international socialization determine the utilization of the provisions. When countries lack these factors, they are more likely to request provisions. Our argument is supported by evidence from the implementation of the WTO’s Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA).
World Trade Organization, Special and Differential Treatment, Trade Facilitation Agreement, policy implementation capability, international socialization
ICT Standards Bodies and International Trade: What Role For The WTO?
Authors: Kanevskaia Olia 
Published: May 2022

Standardization of information and communication technologies (ICT) has become essential for the global economic activity. ICT standards provide for coordination between devices, interfaces, and networks; they support technical infrastructure, bolster e-commerce and rule digital markets. ICT standards also have a profound effect on global trade regulation since they serve both as enablers and barriers for transboundary commercial transactions. Because ICT standards are generally produced by the private sector, their trade-restrictive effects have so far largely managed to escape the purview of the World Trade Organization (WTO). However, due to their growing normative consequences, the status quo of ICT standards and ICT standards bodies in multilateral trade cannot be maintained any longer. This Article argues that the WTO has powerful tools to address trade-restrictive effects of ICT standards, at the very least by giving a normative account to institutional characteristics of ICT standards bodies, but that these tools are not effectively used by Members. Conversely, the current application of the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) instruments privileges powerful economic actors, expanding the gap between the developed and developing countries. A new, rule-based approach is required to re-establish the WTO’s relevance in standard setting and address power imbalances brought by technological convergence.
ICT standards, TBT Agreement, TBT Committee Decision, TBT Code of Good Practice, technical standardization
Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Waiver at the World Trade Organization: A BIT of a Challenge
Authors: Ranjan Prabhash 
Published: May 2022

To augment the global production and distribution of Covid-19 medical products such as vaccines, drugs, and other therapeutics, countries are negotiating temporarily waiving certain provisions of the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement at the World Trade Organization (WTO). Depending on the conditions that will govern the waiver, countries will amend their domestic intellectual property (IP) laws to effectively implement the waiver. While the waiver will provide immunity to IP-related regulatory measures from legal claims at the WTO, multinational pharmaceutical companies can use the investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS) mechanism under bilateral investment treaties (BITs) to challenge such IP-related regulatory measures. In case of such a challenge to IP-related regulatory measures, will the host State be able to defend these measures? The article answers this question by dividing the investment treaty practice into those BITs that contain carve-out for IP and those that don’t. The former set of treaties provides greater regulatory autonomy to implement the TRIPS waiver. However, given the fragmented and incoherent nature of the ISDS mechanism, the outcome will depend on arbitral discretion.
TRIPS waiver, WTO, bilateral investment treaties, intellectual property, investor-state dispute settlement
Creating More Public Value in the EU Competition Law by Reaching a Higher Level of Prevention in the Particular Context of the Digital Markets
Authors: Tóth András 
Published: May 2022

The problem-solving mechanism developed by Sparrow in the field of social regulation could also be implemented in competition law in order to prevent the recurrence of competition problems in a given industry. The aim of competition authorities (as a protection-type agency) is to create public value. This is measured in terms of their ability to solve social problems by preventing or controlling harms. In the case of competition authorities, public value is achieved by ensuring a competitive market environment through the curtailment of market power and the removal of barriers to entry. The public value of prevention is especially important when markets have a tendency to become concentrated. In order to achieve the maximum preventive effect, all prevention tools must be operated effectively. This includes imposing structural remedies or switching to ex-ante prevention (regulation) when ex-post enforcement proves ineffective.
concentration, deterrence, divestitures, ex-ante regulation, prevention
PELATIHAN MENGENAL POTENSI DIRI DAN KUALITAS PRIBADI BAGI SISWA SMK
Authors: Kartianti Sahrestia , Asgar Sukitman 
Published: May 2022

Pemahaman diri adalah penting bagi setiap individu untuk memahami dirinya secara realistis, baik kekuatannya maupun kelemahannya. Tujuan akhir pemahaman diri adalah menerima dirinya, dirinya seperti apa adanya. Pemahaman diri didasarkan pada adanya informasi tentang diri yang akurat dan sahih. Informasi diri yang akurat akan dapat digunakan untuk bahan pertimbangan dalam pengarahan diri, penentuan dan pengambilan keputusan terkait dengan karir atau pekerjaan yang akan dimasukinya. Mengenal potensi diri dan kualitas pribadi sangat penting dalam upaya untuk memahami diri, mengarahkan diri dan juga mengembangkan diri. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah menggunakan metode ceramah untuk memaparkan materi dan latihan kepada peserta dengan menggunakan instrumen berupa lembar kerja / lembar tugas. Berdasarkan hasil kegiatan tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa setalah mengikuti pelatihan, siswa sudah mampu mengenal potensi diri dan kualitas pribadinya sendiri yang dilihat dari tingkat pemahaman sebesar 75%.
Structural Impediments to Tax Reform: The Environment as Case Study
Authors: Martinez Leo P. 
Published: May 2022

“Things shouldn’t be so hard.”While the goal of any system of taxation is to be fair, however elusive the concept of fairness, there are two kinds of obstacles that impede or affect our ability to be fair. I categorize these two kinds of obstacles as those that resound in politics and those that are structural. This article deals with the structural aspects of how we go about taxing ourselves. The politics of taxation I leave for another day.Because the United States Internal Revenue Code (the Code) is vast and complicated, I examine the structural problems of taxation in the single context of the Code — the environment — as the vehicle to evaluate the prospects for reform. This focus on a single area is undertaken with two underlying observations. First, the Code is necessarily complex. A focus on a single area is manageable and serves as a useful case study. Second, the problems we all face from a degraded environment allow for the possibility that attention will be paid. The paper will move from the general to the specific, first highlighting the strengths and the weaknesses of the Code, and second, highlighting structural problems that affect tax policy. The aim will be to guide legislators and policymakers toward a sane tax policy.
An intention-to-treat-analysis of the efficacy of immunotherapy using Mycobacterium w vaccine and Purified Protein Derivative of Tuberculin for warts with assessment of improvement in quality of life
Authors: Mohta Alpana , Sharma Manoj  Kumar , Kumari Pramila , Ghiya Bhikam Chand , Soni Prasoon , Metha Rajesh Dutt 
Published: May 2022

INTRODUCTION: Lately, immunotherapy has evolved as a safe and reliable management option for treatment of warts. Various antigens in use included vaccines and antigens like BCG, MMR, candida, trichophyton, purified Protein Derivative of Tuberculin (PPD) and mycobacterium w (Mw) or mycobacterium indicum prani vaccines to name a few.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This prospective, randomized open label study was aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety profile of intralesional Mw vaccine against intralesional PPD for the management of multiple warts with assessment of the improvement in quality of life using the DLQI questionnaire.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients aged above 12 years with ≥2 warts were recruited for the study. These individuals were randomized into groups A and B, namely Mw vaccine (group A) and PPD Tuberculin (group B). At each visit 0.1-0.2 ml of active antigen was infiltrated intralesionally into the largest/mother wart. The injections were repeated after ever 4 weeks, for the next 12 weeks. Quality of life improvement was measured.
RESULTS: This intention to treat analysis was completed by 102 patients, of which 55 were in group A and 47 in group B. The rate of complete clearance was comparable in group A (76.3%) than group B (65.9%) pvalue=0.064. Prior to treatment initiation, the most severely impacted domain of life by warts was ‘symptoms and feelings’. There was a statistically significant improvement in quality of life at the end of the treatment (p<0.01).
CONCLUSION: Mw vaccine and PPD are equally effective and safe in treatment of warts., however, Mw vaccine holds leverage over PPD with a marginally higher rate of clearance and lesser adverse events.
Apremilast survival and reasons for discontinuation in psoriasis: five-year experience from a Greek tertiary care centre
Authors: Sotiriou Elena , Tsentemeidou Aikaterini , Sideris Nikolaos , Lallas Aimilios , Kougkas Nikolaos , Ioannides Dimitrios , Vakirlis Efstratios 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Drug survival is an indirect measure of efficacy and safety and its post-marketing assessment using real-life data is invaluable.
Objectives: To investigate the survival of apremilast in a cohort of psoriasis patients treated with apremilast in a Greek hospital.
Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study examined adult psoriasis patients receiving apremilast (March 2016 to January 2021). Primary endpoint was the cumulative survival probability at 52 weeks. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to calculate survival probability. Cox regression analysis was performed to investigate potential risk factors for apremilast discontinuation.
Results: 102 patients (29.4% females) with a mean age of 55.94 years (Standard Deviation 15.21) were included. 65 patients (63.7%) had discontinued treatment by lock date: 19 (18.6%) due to lack of efficacy, 24 (23.5%) due to loss of efficacy, 15 (14.7%) due to adverse reactions, and 7 (6.86%) due to other reasons. Cumulative survival probability at 52 weeks was 52.1%. Median survival time for all reasons for discontinuation was 58 weeks 95%Confidence Interval (40.02, 75.98).
Conclusions: Approximately half of patients remained on apremilast after a year of treatment. Secondary drug failure was the most common reason for discontinuation.