bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulation of surface CD11c expression tracks plasticity in murine intestinal tissue eosinophils
Authors: Larsen Leigha D , Dockstader Karen , Olbrich Courtney L , Cartwright Ian M , Spencer Lisa A 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntestinal eosinophils are implicated in the inflammatory pathology of eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases and inflammatory bowel diseases. Eosinophils also contribute to intestinal immunologic and tissue homeostasis and host defense. Recent studies in allergic airway disease suggest functional subphenotypes of eosinophils may underly their pathogenic versus protective roles. However, subphenotypes of intestinal eosinophils have not been defined and are complicated by their constitutive expression of the putative eosinophil inflammatory marker CD11c. Here, we propose a framework for subphenotype characterization of intestinal eosinophils based on relative intensity of surface CD11c expression. Using this flow cytometry framework in parallel with histology and BrdU tracing, we characterize intestinal eosinophil subphenotypes and monitor their plasticity at baseline and within the context of acute allergic and chronic systemic inflammation. Data reveal a conserved continuum of CD11c expression amongst intestinal eosinophils in health and acute disease states that overall tracked with other markers of activation. Oral allergen challenge induced recruitment of eosinophils into small intestinal lamina propria surrounding crypts, followed by in situ induction of CD11c expression in parallel with eosinophil redistribution into intestinal villi. Allergen challenge also elicited eosinophil transepithelial migration and the appearance of CD11cloCD11bhi eosinophils in the intestinal lumen. Chronic inflammation driven by overexpression of TNFα led to a qualitative shift in the relative abundance of CD11c-defined eosinophil subphenotypes favoring CD11chi-expressing eosinophils. These findings provide new insights into heterogeneity of intestinal tissue eosinophils and offer a framework for measuring and tracking eosinophil subphenotype versatility in situ in health and disease.
Early summer surface air temperature variability over Pakistan and the role of El Niño–Southern Oscillation teleconnections
Authors: Rashid Irfan Ur , Abid Muhammad Adnan , Almazroui Mansour , Kucharski Fred , Hanif Muhammad , Ali Shaukat , Ismail Muhammad 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEarly summer (May–June) is the season where the surface air temperature (SAT) variability is largest and may result in extreme temperature conditions over Pakistan. Therefore, we analysed the early summer interannual SAT variability over Pakistan for the period 1981–2018 using observational dataset and model simulations. We noted that upper‐level anticyclonic circulation anomalies over Pakistan, which are associated with upper to the middle tropospheric descending motion, favour clear skies with an increase in net shortwave radiation that leads to extreme surface warming over the region. Moreover, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) based on Niño3.4 SST index is negatively associated with SAT anomalies over Pakistan. The cold ENSO phase favours the positive geopotential height anomalies due to the strengthening of the Walker circulation that enhance the sinking motion and result in less cloudiness leading to the extreme higher surface temperature conditions over Pakistan, while the opposite happens in the warm ENSO phase. Moreover, the Saudi‐KAU Atmospheric Global Climate Model (AGCM) simulated large‐scale patterns that are in good agreement with the observations. Sensitivity experiments with the AGCM confirm that cold SST anomalies in the ENSO region significantly favour above‐normal SAT anomalies over Pakistan, while the opposite happens in the warm ENSO phase. These results are important to understand and potentially predict regional heatwaves over the South Asian region, particularly over Pakistan.
A Taguchi design approach for the enhancement of a detergent‐biocompatible alkaline thermostable protease production by Streptomyces mutabilis strain TN‐X30
Authors: Mechri Sondes , Bouacem Khelifa , Chalbi Taha‐Bilel , Khaled Marwa , Allala Fawzi , Bouanane‐Darenfed Amel , Hacene Hocine , Jaouadi Bassem 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe ability of microorganisms to grow at high temperature, alkaline pH, and high salinity makes them an attractive target for enzyme‐production with several industrial applications. One strain TN‐X30 has been selected as protease producer and identified as Streptomyces mutabilis after a phenotypic and molecular study. Its production of protease was improved using Taguchi L27 design. The strategy was carried out to identify the optimum levels and the interaction of the screened factors. Following this step, maximum protease activity (10,895 U/ml) was achieved after 6‐days of incubation. The TN‐X30 protease activity had an optimum of pH and temperature of 10 and 65°C, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters at 60°C were enthalpy 14.26 kJ/mol, entropy −220 J/mol/K, and Gibbs free energy 90.53 kJ/mol. TN‐X30 protease production displayed a 16‐fold increase reaching 175,000 U/ml in a 100‐L fermentor. Furthermore, the lyophilization in presence of sorbitol enhanced the stability of the TN‐X30 protease which remained active at 75% after 24‐months of storage. The lyophilized TN‐X30 protease exhibited exceptional stability indexes in presence of some known commercialized detergent components as NEODOL® 25‐7, Dehydol® LT 7, Na2 CMC, Galaxy LAS, Galaxy LES 70, Galaxy 110, Galaxy CAPB Plus, and Sulfacid K. The lyophilized enzyme also displayed high stability with respect to both solid and liquid detergents. Finally, TN‐X30 protease exhibited remarkable destaining of blood, egg, and chocolate stained cloth pieces. These findings may promote TN‐X30 protease for use as bioadditive in detergent formulation, thereby reducing environmental chemical threat.
Cover Image
Authors: Gui Jia‐Ying , Rao Shen , Gou Yuanyuan , Xu Feng , Cheng Shuiyuan 
Published: February 2022

The front cover image is based on the Original Article Comparative study of the effects of selenium yeast and sodium selenite on selenium content and nutrient quality in broccoli florets by Feng Xu et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.11511.image
Corrosion behaviour of point‐by‐point wire and arc additively manufactured steel bars
Authors: Michel Lucas , Sanchez Asel M. A. , Silvestru Vlad‐Alexandru , Ariza Inés , Taras Andreas , Angst Ueli 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRobot‐assisted point‐by‐point wire and arc additive manufacturing is considered a promising technology for optimising the production of metallic connections used in complex nodes, space trusses or grid shells. While mechanical properties of such elements were proved suitable for structural applications, a lack of knowledge exists concerning their durability. We investigate the corrosion performance of low carbon steel bars produced by point‐by‐point wire and arc additive manufacturing. Metallurgical analyses show uniform microstructure along the length of the steel bars. Corrosion initiation tests in simulated atmospheric exposure reveal the influence of geometry on corrosion, in particular, the presence of concave areas. The surface state and postprinting cleaning processes were investigated with microscopy and electrochemical techniques. These experiments indicate a detrimental effect of oxide scales due to the wire and arc additive manufacturing process on the corrosion behaviour of the steel. The results of the study show that special care must be given to the geometry and surface state of wire and arc additively produced low carbon steel components in case of long‐term use.
Poly(β‐trimethylsilyloxy ester): A Degradable Polymer Based on Retro Mukaiyama Aldol Reaction
Authors: Li Yanping , Pan Ke , Chen Yougen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHerein, a new type of degradable poly(β‐trimethylsilyloxy ester) prepared by the organocatalyzed Mukaiyama aldol polyaddition between bis(silyl ketene acetal)s and dialdehydes is reported. Specifically, the t‐Bu‐P4‐catalyzed polyaddition between 1,2‐bis[2‐methyl‐1‐(trimethylsiloxy)prop‐1‐enyloxy]ethane (MTS2) and 4,4′‐biphenyldicarboxaldehyde (BPDA) or butane‐1,4‐diyl bis(4‐formylbenzoate) (BDA) can produce poly(β‐trimethylsilyloxy ester)s with number‐average molar mass greater than 10 kg mol−1. For the first time, it is found that these poly(β‐trimethylsilyloxy ester)s are degradable in solution in the presence of nucleophiles such as fluoride and cyanide anions. It is also found that the degradation behavior of poly(β‐trimethylsilyloxy ester)s is highly dependent on the nature of the used catalyst and the bond scission in polymer is fundamentally rooted in the retro Mukaiyama aldol reaction mechanism.
Hydrophilic Gold Nanoparticles as Anti‐PD‐L1 Antibody Carriers: Synthesis and Interface Properties
Authors: Venditti Iole , Cartoni Antonella , Cerra Sara , Fioravanti Raoul , Salamone Tommaso Alberto , Sciubba Fabio , Tabocchini Maria Antonella , Dini Valentina , Battocchio Chiara , Iucci Giovanna , Carlini Laura , Faccini Riccardo , Collamati Francesco , Mancini Terracciano Carlo , Solfaroli Camillocci Elena , Morganti Silvio , Giordano Alessandro , Scotognella Teresa , Maccora Daria , Rotili Dante , Marchese Cinzia , Anastasiadou Eleni , Trivedi Pankaj , Fratoddi Ilaria 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAmino and sulfonate ending groups thiols are used as functionalizing agents to stabilize of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), obtaining hydrophilic AuNPs with a 10–20 nm diameter range and tunable surface charge. The nanomaterial is extensively characterized from a physicochemical point of view by UV–Vis and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, synchrotron radiation X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and dynamic light scattering to investigate the bonding between the two thiols and the metal surface. Systems are also biologically characterized on human multiforme glioblastoma T98G cells to understand their behavior in cell culture for biomedical applications. NMR and XPS studies evidence the presence of amino ending thiols with different chain lengths, 6‐amino‐1‐hexanethiol hydrochloride (6EA) or cysteamine (CY) and sodium 3‐mercapto‐1‐propanesulfonate (3MPS) on the metal surface: the relative molar ratio between the thiols bound to the AuNPs (3MPS/6EA or 3MPS/CY) is measured. On selected samples, the anti‐PD‐L1 antibody is loaded using AuNPs/antibody combination in a 2:1 weight ratio. Comparing different AuNPs concentrations (10 and 50 µg mL−1), the effect on colony‐forming capacity after 24 h exposure is evaluated. The synthesized AuNPs are nontoxic, and they do not affect cell proliferation. These small particles can be used for targeting, opening tangible and interesting perspectives for further biomedical studies.
mTOR inhibition by TAK‐228 is effective against growth, survival and angiogenesis in preclinical retinoblastoma models
Authors: Tang Lanlan , Fu Yu , Song Jiarun , Hu Taibing , Li Kun , Li Zhi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe and others have shown that aberrant activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling is essential for retinoblastoma progression and has potential therapeutic value. TAK‐228 is a potent inhibitor of mTOR1 and 2 with preclinical activity in a variety of cancers. In this study, we report that TAK‐228 is a dual inhibitor of retinoblastoma and angiogenesis. TAK‐228 inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in a panel of retinoblastoma cell lines, with IC50 at ~0.2 μM. Under the same experimental conditions, TAK‐228 was less effective in inhibiting growth and survival in normal retinal and fibroblast cells than retinoblastoma cells. In addition, TAK‐228 inhibited retinal endothelial cell capillary network formation, migration, growth and survival. We further demonstrate that TAK‐228 inhibits retinoblastoma and retinal angiogenesis through inhibiting mTOR signalling. Rescue studies confirm that mTOR is the target of TAK‐228 in both retinoblastoma and retinal endothelial cells. Finally, we confirm the inhibitory effects of TAK‐228 on tumor and angiogenesis in retinoblastoma xenograft mouse model. Our findings provide a preclinical rationale to explore TAK‐228 as a strategy to treat retinoblastoma and highlight the therapeutic value of targeting mTOR in retinoblastoma.
Pros and cons of non‐sparking tools
Authors: Britton Laurence G. , Willey Ronald J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn explosion occurred on December 23, 2021 at the ExxonMobil Baytown Complex, Baytown, TX., USA. Within a week, a lawsuit was filed claiming that a contractor “using a wrench essentially as a hammer, created a spark causing the flammable gas to ignite.” This event served as an incentive to remind readers of Process Safety Progress of situations where non‐sparking tools are required by Code for work in specific flammable environments, along with the pros and cons surrounding their more general use. The potential for metal impact sparks can be overlooked by inexperienced maintenance workers, contractors, engineers, and other personnel unaware of all the hazards of working in flammable atmospheres. The debate about whether a truly “non‐sparking” tool exists or whether a metal–metal impact spark is a significant ignition hazard, other than for easily ignitable gases and other special cases, is beyond the scope of this article. Instead, we provide a discussion of potential and recognized hazards with reference to applicable Codes and Regulations.
An analytical instrument for coding and assessing argumentative dialogues in science teaching contexts
Authors: Martins Marina , Macagno Fabrizio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMost of the tools developed in the area ofScience Educationaimed at analyzing either the product or the process of argumentation do not consider the following: (a) arguments are a part of dialogues, (b) dialogues present different objectives, (c) dialogues start from different assumptions, and (d) dialogues shape the roles and moves of interlocutors. This paper intends to address the analysis of argumentative exchanges within educational science dialogues considering several aspects of argumentation that have neglected to be investigated in the field of education, such as the relations among individual moves and the dialogues they are part of, and the influence of such moves on knowledge construction. Toward this purpose, a proposed tool is presented, which describes argumentative dialogues in science teaching contexts across the varied and interrelated dimensions. This tool, consisting of six analytical aspects, is applied to high school chemistry students' argumentative dialogues taking place during modeling activities. Data collection (involving audio and video recording plus observations made by the researchers) revealed the main affordances of this tool as follows: (a) favoring an understanding of the individual and collective students' intentions; (b) enabling the characterization of argumentative discourse beyond the moves of refuting, questioning and providing support; (c) enabling the identification of whether knowledge construction has occurred; and (d) the possibility of analyzing teaching situations across different contexts. Thus, the tool supports the descriptions and analyses of the scientific argumentation process and the associated knowledge construction by students.
Leaf‐Like CuCo2O4@CuCo2O4 Core‐Shell Nanowires as Binder‐Free Electrode for High‐Performance Flexible Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Ping , Yang Zhihui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA reasonable electrode structure is important to improve the performance of supercapacitors. In this work, Leaf‐like CuCo2O4@CuCo2O4 nanowires grown erectly on Ni foam substrate were prepared by two‐step hydrothermal method to form a mutually perpendicular core–shell nanostructure. The binder‐free CuCo2O4@CuCo2O4 nanowires were more likely to benefit from multidimensional synergistic effect and better conductivity, revealing a high specific capacitance of 5.86 F cm−2 at 5 mA cm−2 and good cycle stability (90.2 % after 8000 cycles). In addition, the SC based on CuCo2O4@CuCo2O4 battery‐type electrodes exhibited good flexible properties. The environment friendly and low cost CuCo2O4@CuCo2O4//AC flexible SCs perform a high energy density of 0.35 mWh cm−2 at a power density of 8 mW cm−2. The results indicated that CuCo2O4@CuCo2O4 core‐shell materials have high application value, thus providing a new type of advanced electrode for flexible SCs.
A Nanostructured Mo2C‐rGO Heterostructure as a stable Anode with ultra‐high capacity for Lithium‐Ion Battery**
Authors: Kanade Sandeep C. , Ambalkar Anuradha A. , Sethi Yogesh A. , Thotiyl Musthafa Ottakam , Kale Bharat B. , Gambhire Anil B. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the present work, we have demonstrated the synthesis of Molybdenum Carbide‐reduced graphene oxide (Mo2C‐rGO) heterostructure. Uniquely, the in‐situ formation of rGO using D‐glucose in the heterostructure and its battery performance has been discussed. The High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR‐TEM) study clearly shows the growth of Mo2C nanoparticles along with rGO confers a unique integrated layered heterostructure. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman study exhibits the formation of graphene oxide (GO) followed by multi‐layers of rGO along with hexagonal Mo2C. The electrochemical study of Mo2C‐rGO heterostructure demonstrates stable cycling performance and excellent rate capabilities. The heterostructure showed the initial capacity (1st discharge) around 632.23 mAh/g and specific capacity i. e., 537.91 mAh/g @ 0.5 A/g with 99–100 % columbic efficiency. The reversible capacities of 521.56 mAh/g, and 400.76 mAh/g were observed at current densities of 1 A/g and 2 A/g for 300 cycles, respectively, which justifies the stability of heterostructure. The cycled cell was investigated by using Electrochemical Imepedance Spectroscopy (EIS), ex‐situ XRD, and Field Emmision Scanning Electron microscopy (FESEM), which shows the negligible change in the ionic conductivity, structure, and morphology after 300 cycles. It shows the excellent stability of Mo2C‐rGO heterostructure.
Near‐Infrared II Nanoadjuvant‐Mediated Chemodynamic, Photodynamic, and Photothermal Therapy Combines Immunogenic Cell Death with PD‐L1 Blockade to Enhance Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Xiang Qinyanqiu , Yang Chao , Luo Yuanli , Liu Fan , Zheng Jun , Liu Weiwei , Ran Haitao , Sun Yang , Ren Jianli , Wang Zhigang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibition in inducing death of cancer cells is affected by the immunosuppressive “cold” tumor microenvironment, which results in a poor response by the patient's antitumor immune system. However, the immunomodulatory effects of immunogenic cell death in response to irritation by heat energy and reactive oxygen species (ROS) can switch the tumor microenvironment from “cold” to “hot.” This study has developed a nanoadjuvant for immune therapy using iron tungsten oxide (FeWOx)‐based nanosheets with surface PEGylation (FeWOx‐PEG). This FeWOx‐PEG nanoadjuvant serves as a chemodynamic reagent via the Fenton reaction and acts as a photosensitizer for photodynamic and photothermal therapy under near‐infrared II laser irradiation; however, it could also be used to augment tumor‐infiltrating T‐cells and provoke a systemic antitumor immune response by combining the immunogenic cell death triggered by ROS and photothermal therapy with the immune checkpoint blockade. This research demonstrates that application of the FeWOx‐PEG nanoadjuvant under the guidance of magnetic resonance/computed tomography/photoacoustic imaging can eliminate the primary tumor and suppress the growth of distant tumors.
Anti‐bloater class restructuring: An exploratory study
Authors: Machado João Paulo L. , Paula‐Sobrinho Elder V. P. , Maia Marcelo A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractProper software modularization still poses challenges to developers. One of the symptoms of inappropriate modularization is the large size of object‐oriented classes. In that case, a possible solution would be class restructuring with refactorings, such asExtract Class,Extract Super‐Class, orMove Method. However, class refactoring is challenging because of the possible side effects of improper changes. In this context, more effective decision support systems on which classes are worthwhile for restructuring to improve modularity are still lacking. This work focuses on exploring possible alternatives for supporting decision on class restructuring. A prospective study was performed on selected kinds of restructuring, aiming at determining what types of strategies are typically adopted to restructure bloated classes and which classes developers decided to restructure. Then, we proposed and evaluated a predictive model for indicating which classes to restructure, aiming at delivering a restructuring guide on those classes. Finally, we conducted a qualitative study to evaluate the perception of developers on such guides based on predictions for real software. The results have shown situations in which the proposed predictions could help the restructuring process but also elucidated possible improvements and limitations.
Thermal Characteristics, Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Thermal Degradation Reaction, and Hydrophobicity of Corn Starch Affected by Chemical and Physical Modifications
Authors: Rasouli Sajad , Raveshtian Amin , Fasihi Mohammad 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this work, glacial‐acetic (A) and citric (C) acids from organic acids “family with one and three functional groups, respectively", oleic acid (O) from the fatty acids family and sodium acetate (S) are used for esterification of corn starch in solution in the absence and the presence of 15%wt glycerin as a physical modifier. Discoloration test using CIELAB and as well as thermal gravimetric analysis shows that the glacial‐acetic acid leads to lower reduction in thermal characteristics of the modified starch. The variations of thermal properties start from T > 112 °C, T>136 °C, T>100 °C, and T> 124 °C for the modified starches with C, A, O, and S reagents, respectively, and the changes are constant beyond the amount of 4%wt reagent. The evaluations of kinetics and thermodynamics of thermal degradation reaction for the modified starches via a Coats–Redfern (CR) model prove that the acetic acid causes more activation energy for degradation compared to other reagents. Also, acetic acid‐modified starch demonstrates the highest hydrophobicity among other modified starches – even native starch – in the moisture sorption examination at 75% relative humidity (RH). The results illustrate that glycerin has the worst effect on the thermal and hydrophobicity properties of the modified starches.