bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Substrate‐Selective Macrocyclic Ring Closing Metathesis
Authors: Phatake Ravindra S. , Nechmad Noy B. , Reany Ofer , Lemcoff N. Gabriel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA selective ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) reaction for the formation of large macrocycles by using latent sulfur chelated ruthenium iodide benzylidenes, readily activated by thermal and photochemical (UV‐A and visible light) stimuli, is reported. For dienes having one terminal alkene and one internal double bond, the specific affinity of diiodo ruthenium alkylidenes for the unhindered terminus, combined with their reluctance to react with internal olefins, favors RCM over oligomerization, providing high macrocyclic yields even at relatively high concentrations. Alternatively, for substrates containing two internal double bonds, a sacrificial methylene donor can be used to obtain the desired products. With this methodology, lactones, lactams, and macrocyclic ketones ranging from 13‐ to 22‐membered rings could be synthesized in moderate to high yields. In addition, synthetic applications for a one‐pot cyclization/reduction sequence to produce Exaltolide, a natural macrolide (commercial musk), Dihydrocivetone, and other saturated macrocycles have been explored. Thus, we disclose herein an important advantage for diiodo ruthenium benzylidene catalysts over their less selective dichloro counterparts and provide a more profound understanding of the mechanisms that provide the enhanced cyclization outcome.magnified image
Thin‐Film Solar Cells by Silicon‐Based Nano‐Pyramid Arrays
Authors: Huang Zhisen , Wang Bo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a high‐efficiency silicon‐based thin‐film solar cell is proposed based on double‐layer nano‐pyramid (DNP) arrays. In the model, the surface and bottom of the silicon photovoltaic layer are embedded with silicon nano‐pyramid array and aluminum nano‐pyramid array, respectively. The optical and electrical parameters of the DNP solar cell are presented by using the 3D finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method. The short‐circuit current density (Jsc), integrated absorption (α) and photoelectric conversion efficiency (η) of the optimized DNP solar cell are 43.61 mA cm−2, 95.20% and 27.12%, respectively. Compared with the planar solar cell, the α and η of the DNP solar cell are increased by 45.31% and 15.77%, respectively. To investigate the performance of the proposed solar cell, the principle of light absorption enhancement is analyzed by spectrum and field strength distributions for the DNP structure. Furthermore, the carrier recombination and manufacturing of the DNP solar cell, and compared the structures of different arrays is studied. Further results show that the DNP structure has excellent light absorption and tolerance, which has positive significance for the development of silicon‐based thin‐film solar cells.
Designing a Network of Crystalline Polymers for a Scalable, Nonfluorinated, Healable and Amphiphobic Solid Slippery Interface
Authors: Dhar Manideepa , Das Avijit , Parbat Dibyangana , Manna Uttam 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe fluorinated‐liquid infused amphiphobic slippery interfaces exhibiting superior sliding of the beaded oil/water droplets, often suffer from durability and contamination issues. Here, the ability of 1) hexagonal packing of hydrocarbon sides in a selected “comb‐like” polymer and 2) its reversible phase transition at 51 °C was rationally exploited to achieve temperature‐assisted rapid (<1 minute) and repetitive (50 times) self‐healable amphiphobic solid‐slippery coating on both planar and geometrically‐complex substrates. The selected “comb‐like” polymer was strategically infused in a porous, hydrophilic and thick (≈4.8 μm) polymeric coating. The resultant solid and smooth interface exhibited sliding of beaded droplets of various liquids, including droplets of water, polar (ethanol, 1‐propanol, 1‐hexanol, DMSO, DMF), and non‐polar (decane, dodecane, diiodomethane) organic solvents, edible (vegetable oil), motor, engine (petrol, diesel, kerosene) and crude oils.
Spatially Resolved, Error‐Robust Multiplexed MicroRNA Profiling in Single Living Cells
Authors: Wei Wei , Dai Wenhao , Yang Fan , Lu Huiting , Zhang Kai , Xing Yi , Meng Xiangdan , Zhou Liping , Zhang Yiyi , Yang Qiqi , Cheng Yaru , Dong Haifeng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSimultaneous imaging of multiple microRNAs (miRNAs) in individual living cells is challenging due to the lack of spectrally distinct encoded fluorophores and non‐cytotoxic methods. We describe a multiplexed error‐robust combinatorial fluorescent label‐encoding method, termed fluorophores encoded error‐corrected labels (FluoELs), enabling multiplexed miRNA imaging in living cells with error‐correcting capability. The FluoELs comprise proportional dual fluorophores for encoding and a constant quantitative single fluorophore for error‐corrected quantification. Both are embedded in 260 nm core–shell silica nanoparticles modified with molecular beacon detection probes. The FluoELs are low cytotoxic and could accurately quantify and spatially resolve nine breast‐cancer‐related miRNAs and evaluate their coordination. The FluoELs enabled a single‐cell analysis platform to evaluate miRNA expression profiles and the molecular mechanisms underlying miRNA‐associated diseases.
Taphonomic‐forensic analysis of the hominin skulls from the Sima de los Huesos
Authors: Sala Nohemi , Pantoja‐Pérez Ana , Gracia Ana , Arsuaga Juan Luis 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Sima de los Huesos (SH) hominin assemblage is composed of thousands of fossil fragments, including pieces of crania and mandibles. The main objective of this work is to address the main taphonomic features of the cranial and mandibular remains from the SH sample, including antemortem, perimortem, and postmortem skeletal disturbances. We present an updated assessment of healed cranial trauma, first described in 1997 and now including new skulls. In addition, this study reviews the perimortem fractures in relation to their location and features of the affected individuals. Finally, this paper deals with the modifications affecting the cranial sample from the SH at the postmortem stage, including physical and biological postdepositional modifications. The SH collection provides a unique opportunity for conducting a complete forensic‐taphonomic study on a Middle Pleistocene population.
The power of the (imperfect) palindrome: Sequence‐specific roles of palindromic motifs in gene regulation
Authors: Datta Rhea R. , Rister Jens 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn human languages, a palindrome reads the same forward as backward (e.g., ‘madam’). In regulatory DNA, a palindrome is an inverted sequence repeat that allows a transcription factor to bind as a homodimer or as a heterodimer with another type of transcription factor. Regulatory palindromes are typically imperfect, that is, the repeated sequences differ in at least one base pair, but the functional significance of this asymmetry remains poorly understood. Here, we review the use of imperfect palindromes in Drosophila photoreceptor differentiation and mammalian steroid receptor signaling. Moreover, we discuss mechanistic explanations for the predominance of imperfect palindromes over perfect palindromes in these two gene regulatory contexts. Lastly, we propose to elucidate whether specific imperfectly palindromic variants have specific regulatory functions in steroid receptor signaling and whether such variants can help predict transcriptional outcomes as well as the response of individual patients to drug treatments.
Benefits and challenges in the implementation of virtual laboratory simulations (vLABs) for medical biochemistry in Indonesia
Authors: Soraya Gita Vita , Astari Dian Ekayanti , Natzir Rosdiana , Yustisia Ika , Kadir Syahrijuita , Hardjo Marhaen , Nurhadi Asty Amalia , Ulhaq Zulvikar Syambani , Rasyid Haerani , Budu Budu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe pandemic caused major shifts in the delivery of education worldwide. In the teaching of medical biochemistry, the greatest impact was towards the delivery of traditional laboratory simulations. In this study, we highlight the benefits and barriers encountered in the use of virtual laboratories (vLABs) to substitute traditional laboratory practicals. The subjects were a class of 271 medical students at the Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, all freshman undergoing the Biomedicine Block. The study assessed the use of a commercial vLAB on antibodies and blood typing procedures, which were implemented using our four‐step model of vLAB implementation. Collected data include the lecturer‐assigned pre‐ and post‐test result, built‐in vLAB assessment result of the student first and best attempts, a student perception questionnaire based on a 5‐point Likert scale, and an open ended questionnaire regarding student perceptions of the advantages and disadvantages of the vLAB. We observed a remarkable increase of lecturer assigned pre‐ and post‐test scores and built‐in first and best attempt scores (p < 0.0001, Wilcoxon signed rank test). A majority of students reported increased motivation when using the vLABs, and favored the ability of mastery through repetition. However, technical and language barriers were highlighted by students during the vLAB implementation. We demonstrate a successful implementation of commercial vLABs in a cohort of non‐native English speakers using our four‐step approach. Implementation requires strong support from faculty to address technical and language barriers that arise during use of vLABs.
RETRACTED: COVID‐19 and cognitive impairment: A cross‐sectional clinic‐based study
Authors: Siddig Amira , Abbasher Hussien Mohamed Ahmed Khabab , Abdelrahman Ahmed , Abbasher AlHussien , Abbasher Abubaker Alsedig , Abbasher Mohammed , Hussien Abbasher 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients with dementia are more prone to acquire COVID‐19 infection. Patients with COVID‐19 showed a tendency to develop cognitive impairment.ObjectivesWe aimed to study the clinical manifestations of COVID‐19 infection among adult Sudanese demented patients and the prevalence of cognitive impairment among adult Sudanese nondemented patients.MethodologyThis is a descriptive cross‐sectional study that took place in Sudan, Khartoum state in the period (September to December 2021) in a private neurology/psychiatry clinic. A total of 135 adult Sudanese patients were included in this study and were divided into two groups. The first group consists of 100 patients with a known history of dementia that got infected recently with COVID‐19, while the second group consists of 35 patients who developed some sort of cognitive impairment after recovering from COVID‐19 infection. Regarding the second group, cognitive functions were assessed by senior consultant neurologist and senior consultant psychiatrist using a well validated neuropsychological measure.ResultsOut of 100 patients in the first group, females were 60 and males were 40. Age distribution is between 63 and 98. The common presenting symptoms of COVID‐19 among this group were cough and fever (90 patients), diarrhea and vomiting (5 patients), breathlessness (4 patients), coughing of blood (5 patients), convulsions (1 patient), paraplegia (1 patient), and hemiplegia (1 patient). Regarding the second group, age distribution varied from 30 to 80 years. Cognitive functions impairment was noticed as follows: memory recall (22%), memory recognition (23%), memory encoding (24%), processing speed (16%), executive functioning (19%), phonemic fluency (17%), and category fluency (17%).ConclusionPatients with dementia are more susceptible to develop COVID‐19 infection. Patients with COVID‐19 Infection are at risk of developing some sort of cognitive impairment after recovery.
Losing the lottery of life: Examining intuitions of desert toward the socially and genetically “unlucky” in criminal punishment contexts
Authors: Berryessa Colleen M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis research presents three experiments that examine how natural “luck” (social and genetic luck) may affect lay intuitions toward desert‐based criminal punishment. Study 1 examined if intuitions surrounding desert‐based rewards in relation to good qualities/advantages ascribed to natural luck would extend to desert‐based punishments in relation to bad qualities/disadvantages ascribed to natural luck. Study 2 examined how both social and genetic luck affect support for desert‐based punishment across different criminal offenses and tests the relevance of immanent justice reasoning to such support. Study 3 examined whether findings in the prior studies are specific to desert‐based punishment and immanent justice reasoning, or if natural luck elicits broader punishment judgments and types of justice reasoning. Results showed that known intuitions surrounding desert‐based rewards do extend to desert‐based punishments in instances of natural luck. Immanent justice reasoning was strongly associated with support for desert‐based punishment in instances of both social and genetic luck. However, genetic luck, as compared to social luck, significantly increased support for desert‐based punishment, with imminent justice reasoning mediating this increased support. Implications are discussed in relation to capital sentencing and better understanding lay intuitions toward the punishment of criminal offenders who may have qualities ascribed to the “natural lottery.”
A 20‐year follow‐up survey of police officers' experience with Tarasoff warnings: How law enforcement reacts to clinicians' duty to protect
Authors: Guina Jeffrey , Dornfeld Bradleigh , Pinals Debra A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSince the Tarasoff case of 1976, mental health professionals are recognized to have a “duty to protect” third‐party targets from violence‐threatening patients, but little is known about what happens after clinicians warn law enforcement. In 2000, Huber et al. published a study that surveyed Michigan police about “Tarasoff warnings.” We conducted a 20‐year follow‐up study, inviting all Michigan police and sheriff departments to participate. There were no significant differences between studies about knowledge of Tarasoff‐related policies, which was low in both surveys. We found significant decreases in the number of officers who had ever intervened due to warning calls. Of the survey respondents, 83% supported documenting warning calls. For those who received warnings, 96% followed up with at least one intervention. In both studies, notifying other officers was the most common action taken. 56% said they would take action to remove a firearm. We identified opportunities for training law enforcement.
A systematic and comprehensive analysis of colorectal squamous cell carcinoma: Implication for diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Yang Yang , Yu Jiarui , Hu Jitao , Zhou Chaoxi , Niu Jian , Ma Hongqing , Han Jiaxu , Fan Shaoqing , Liu Youqiang , Zhao Yalei , Zhao Lianmei , Wang Guiying 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study was aimed at establishing a nomogram for survival prediction of Colorectal squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC), understanding the molecular pathogenesis, exploring a better treatment, and predicting the potential therapeutic agents.MethodsSurveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to obtained CSCC patients and the nomogram was performed. Propensity score matching (PSM), Kaplan–Meier analysis, subgroup analysis, and interaction test were used to explore the better treatment strategy for CSCC. Bioinformatics were used to explore the molecular mechanism and potential therapeutic drugs of CSCC.ResultsA total of 3949 CSCC patients were studied. The nomogram was constructed and evaluated to have a good performance. We found that the radiotherapy had a better effect than surgery, and the difference between radiotherapy and combined therapy was not significant. 821 differentially expressed genes in CSCC were obtained from GSE6988 dataset. DNA damage repair, mismatch repair, and cell cycle pathways might contribute to CSCC occurrence as indicated by KEGGpathway and GSEA analysis. Transcription factors analysis revealed that TP63 and STAT1 may have an important role in occurrence and development of CSCC. 1607 potential drugs against CSCC were found using the CMAP database, and molecular docking was carried out to show the binding energy between TP63 and drugs.ConclusionsA good prognosis nomogram was constructed for CSCC. We also have a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of occurrence and development of CSCC and predicted potential therapeutic drugs, providing a theoretical basis for the treatment of CSCC.
Primary leiomyosarcoma of the middle ureter: A rare case report with literature review
Authors: Aboutaleb Hamdy A. , Khurana Praphool , El‐Shahat Yassin M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLeiomyosarcoma is a rarely seen neoplasm of the ureter. Malignant tumors of smooth muscle of the ureter are extremely rare, and about 22 cases of leiomyosarcoma of ureter have been reported to date. A 57‐year‐old diabetic Pakistani man presented with a dull ache pain in the right flank. Past surgical history was three ureteroscopic surgeries for a ureteric stricture. Computed tomography showed a stricture with a peri‐ureteral soft tissue mass of 11 mm x 5 mm at the middle third of the ureter at the level of common iliac vessels. laparoscopic excision with safety margin and right ureterovesical reimplantation is performed. Diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma of the right ureter was made, and one iliac lymph node was excised and was positive for tumor by pathologic examination. Although leiomyosarcoma is rarely seen in urinary tract, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of ureteral stricture disease and retroperitoneal tumors.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia presenting with limping in a young adult
Authors: Habib Mhd Baraa , Tannos Bashar , Abdelrazek Mohamed , Yassin Mohamed A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAcute lymphoblastic leukemia is one of the rare malignancies in adult. We report a 29‐year‐old man presented with progressive limping followed a chronic back pain. Imaging showed reduced vertebral body height and diffuse lytic skeletal infiltration. Bone marrow aspiration confirmed B‐acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma, and the patient was treated with chemotherapy.
Unexpected discovery of Clonorchis sinensis by common bile duct exploration
Authors: Shao Ping , Chen Qing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCoexisting choledocholithiasis and Clonorchis sinensis infection are relatively rare. We report a 39‐year‐old patient with choledocholithiasis who inadvertently found Clonorchis sinensis during common bile duct exploration. Our experience suggests that if preoperative imaging reveals nonspecific changes associated with choledocholithiasis, the possibility of biliary parasite infection should be suspected.
Unexpected difficult airway due to an undiagnosed congenital lingual thyroglossal duct cyst in a neonate without stridor: A case report
Authors: Kohashi Yoshiki , Yamamoto Tomohiro , Igarashi Miki , Nishimaki Hironobu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLingual thyroglossal duct cysts can be a rare cause of feeding difficulties in infants. Here, we describe a case of an infant with vomiting and feeding difficulty diagnosed with Hirschsprung's disease. However, she developed an unexpected difficult airway during anesthesia induction due to an undiagnosed lingual thyroglossal duct cyst.
Incompetent saphenous vein in patients with lower leg dermatitis and cramps
Authors: Iwama Eimei , Yokoyama Kae , Ikeda Takaharu , Kawakami Tamihiro 
Published: February 2022

We recruited lower leg dermatitis patients at our department between 2018 and 2021. The patients were divided into two groups, those with incompetent great saphenous vein and/or small saphenous vein (Group 1; n = 8) and those without (Group 2; n = 22). The prevalence of cramps and/or aching in Group 1 patients was significantly higher than that in Group 2 patients.
Enantioselectivity Tunable Gold‐Catalyzed Intermolecular [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of N‐Allenamides with Nitrones
Authors: Xu Bing , Zhang Zhan‐Ming , Han Jie , Gu Guangxin , Zhang Junliang 
Published: February 2022

Comprehensive SummaryA highly enantioselective gold‐catalyzed intermolecular [3 + 2] cycloaddition of N‐allenamides with nitrones was realized by the application of Ming‐Phos M6 as a chiral ligand. Both enantiomers of the cycloadducts with opposite configuration could be obtained in high yields with high regio‐ and enantioselectivity by the employment of either diastereomer of the chiral ligand. The acidic N—H bond (hydrogen bonding) of sulfinamide moiety of Ming‐Phos and pentaflurophenyl substituent (fluorine effect) may play important roles in enhancement of enantioselectivity, that is, Ming‐Phos is a multifunctional ligand in this transformation.
Obstructive sleep apnea in patients with acute aortic dissection
Authors: Friend Evan J. , Leinveber Pavel , Orban Marek , Hochhold John , Svatikova Anna , Somers Virend K. , Pressman Gregg S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) imposes an afterload burden on the left ventricle and increases the pressure gradient across the aortic wall. Thus, OSA may increase the risk for aortic dissection (AD).MethodsThis study enrolled 40 subjects with acute AD from four institutions; 37 completed the modified Berlin Questionnaire and 31 underwent attended overnight polysomnography. Aortic diameter was measured on a computed tomography scan at seven locations from the sinotubular junction to the diaphragm.ResultsTwenty‐seven subjects had type A dissection; 13 had type B. In those who had polysomnography apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) ranged from 0.7 to 89. Prevalence of OSA (AHI ≥ 5) was 61%. Nocturnal presentation (10 p.m.–7 a.m.) did not differ by presence/absence of OSA. The modified Berlin Questionnaire was not predictive of the presence of OSA. Among type A subjects with polysomnography (n = 23), aortic diameters at all locations were greater in the OSA group though differences were not statistically significant. Summating aortic diameters at the seven locations also yielded a numerically larger mean value in the OSA group versus the non‐OSA group.ConclusionsIn this sample of patients with acute dissection, OSA was prevalent but was not associated with a nocturnal presentation. The presence of underlying OSA may be associated with larger aortic diameters at the time of dissection compared to patients without OSA. Though differences did not meet statistical significance the current series is limited by small numbers.
Extended particle swarm optimization for feature selection of high‐dimensional biomedical data
Authors: Al‐Shammary Dhiah , Albukhnefis Adil L. , Alsaeedi Ali Hakem , Al‐Asfoor Muntasir 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel Extended Particle Swarm Optimization model (EPSO) that potentially enhances the search process of PSO for optimization problem. Evidently, gene expression profiles are significantly important measurement factor in molecular biology that is used in medical diagnosis of cancer types. The challenge to certain classification methodologies for gene expression profiles lies in the thousands of features recorded for each sample. A modified Wrapper feature selection model is applied with the aim of addressing the gene classification challenge by replacing its randomness approach with EPSO and PSO, respectively. EPSO is initializing the random size of the population and dividing them into two groups in order to promote the exploration and reduce the probability of falling in stagnation. Experimentally, EPSO has required less processing time to select the optimal features (average of 62.14 s) than PSO (average of 95.72 s). Furthermore, EPSO accuracy has provided better classification results (start from 54% to 100%) than PSO (start from 52% to 96%).