bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Inventive Method for Graphene-Based Optofluidic Tweezer to Actively Detection, Sorting, and Manipulation of Nano-bioparticles below 2.5 nm
Authors: Gholizadeh Elnaz , Jafari Behnam , Golmohammadi Saeed 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This work proposes a novel design composed of graphene nanoribbons-based optofluidic tweezers to manipulate and sort bio-particles with radii below 2.5 nm. The suggested structure has been numerically investigated by the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method employing Maxwell's stress tensor analysis (MST). The finite element method (FEM) has been used to obtain the electrostatic response of the proposed structure. The tweezer main path is a primary channel in the center of the structure, where the microfluidic flow translates the nanoparticle toward this channel. Concerning the microfluid's drag force, the nanoparticles tend to move along the length of the main channel. The graphene nanoribbons are fixed near the main channel at different distances to exert optical forces on the moving nanoparticles in the perpendicular direction. In this regard, sub-channels embedding in the hBN layer on the Si substrate deviate bio-particles from the main path for particular nanoparticle sizes and indices. Intense hotspots with electric field enhancements up to 900 times larger than the incident light are realized inside and around the graphene ribbons. Adjusting the gap distance between graphene nanoribbon and the main channel allows us to separate the individual particle with a specific size from others, thus guiding that in the desired sub-channel. Furthermore, we demonstrated that in a structure with a large gap between channels, particles experience weak field intensity, leading to a low optical force that is insufficient to detect, trap, and manipulate nanoparticles. By varying the chemical potential of graphene associated with the electric field intensity variations in the graphene ribbons, we realized tunability in sorting nanoparticles while structural parameters remained constant. In fact, by adjusting the graphene Fermi level via the applied gate voltage, nanoparticles with any desired radius will be quickly sorted. Moreover, we exhibited that the proposed structure could sort nanoparticles based on their refractive indices. Therefore, the given optofluidic tweezer can detect bio-particles with immense accuracies, such as cancer cells and viruses of tiny size.
WITHDRAWN: Causal Strength Account for Violations of the Screening-off Rule in Causal Reasoning
Authors: Liang Yuan , Duan Xu , Wu Guoqiang , Cao Chenqian , Yan Hao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
As a core of Causal Bayes networks, Screening-off rule is usually violated by people. Two experiments were conducted to investigate causal strength’s role in the violations of screening-off rule. Experiment 1 tested whether participants would follow the screening-off rule by examining the probability judgment of target nodes which would be influenced by the state of non-target nodes in common cause and chain models. Experiment 2 examined whether the probability judgment of target nodes would be influenced by causal strength judgment of their common cause in the common cause model (or of the middle node in the chain model). Both experiments used binary variables. Results showed that participants’ causal inferences increased with their perceived causal strength which grew with the presence proportion of other causal-related variables. Findings suggested that the causal strength explanation could offer the best prediction for people’s causal inferences, indicating people were sensitive to explicit causal strength of events and made causal inferences according to the strength. Thus, people’s causal inferences may not violate the screening-off rule.
Mendelian Randomization Identified CHRNE as a Potential Drug Target for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Li Ming-Li , Yang Yang , Song Bo , Yang Jing , Fan Li-Yuan , Xu Yuming 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Since clinical trials of novel therapeutics for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have been largely disappointing, drug repurposing may provide an effective approach to identifying therapeutics to treat AD. In this study, two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was employed to evaluate brain and blood transcriptomic data for 1263 actionable proteins targeted by approved drugs or in the clinical phase of drug development. The genome-wide association studies included 17008 patients with AD and 37154 controls to predict the potential target gene for AD. CHRNE (Cholinergic Receptor Nicotinic Epsilon Subunit) mRNA expression increased the risk for AD in both the brain and the blood. Bayesian colocalization analysis confirmed that this was not coincidentally due to linkage disequilibrium. Furthermore, the proteins encoded by CHRNE were mainly expressed on the surface of microglia. The trials of drugs targeting CHRNE should be prioritized to design future functional studies and therapy for AD.
Predator-induced phenotypic plasticity during early biological evolution and ROS suppression in the brain of Xenopus tropicalis
Authors: Mori Tsukasa , Machida Kazumasa , Kudou Yuki , Kimishima Masaya , Sassa Kaito , Goto-Inoue Naoko , Minei Ryuhei , Ogura Atsushi , Kobayashi Yui , Kamiya Kentaro , Nakaya Daiki , Yamamoto Naoyuki , Kashiwagi Akihiko , Kashiwagi Keiko 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Predator-induced adaptive phenotypic plasticity is essential for evolution. However, Xenopus tropicalis tadpoles do not exhibit distinct phenotypes when exposed to new predation threats. Here, we investigated adaptions within their brain. Principal component analysis using morphological parameters indicated that short-term predation threats (24 hr) altered tadpole morphology unlike the control or 5 day-out treatment (exposure to predation for 5 days and then no exposure for 5 days). Whole-brain ingenuity pathway and metabolome analyses revealed that free radicals, superoxide dismutase, glycogenesis, and pyruvate were elevated after 6 hr of predation pressure. Hemoglobin was also synthesized in the brain, forming oxyhemoglobin in the midbrain and hindbrain to reduce radical production. Furthermore, ATP production through glycolysis was promoted, while β-oxidation and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were downregulated. We also predicted increases in microtubule dynamics, neuronal branching, and neuritogenesis. Therefore, X. tropicalis tadpoles can adapt to predation stress through changes within their central nervous system.
Influence of alkyl chain length on the tribological performance of choline ionic liquids as water-based lubricating additives under electric field conditions
Authors: Wang Ruozheng , Yan Xiaoyan , Zhao Shuping , Sun Chufeng , Yang Zhaozhao , Xiang Wenjun , Wang Xingwei , Zhou Chunyu , Yu Qiangliang , Yu Bo , Cai Meirong , Zhou Feng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
To develop green lubricants and improve the lubricating properties of water, three choline-type ionic liquids with different alkyl chain lengths were designed and synthesised as water-based additives. The tribological behaviour of these ionic liquids as a water-based lubricating additives in an ethylene glycol system was systematically studied under an external electric field. The results show that under current-carrying lubrication, the [Ch][SA] ionic liquid exhibits excellent anti-friction and anti-wear properties with increasing alkyl chain length. Mechanistic analysis showed that the [Ch][SA] ionic liquid could strongly adsorb on the metal surface to form a physical adsorption film. At the same time, during the friction process, the [Ch][SA] ionic liquid forms a dense tribochemical reaction film with the metal substrate, which effectively blocks direct contact between the friction pairs. The excellent anti-friction and anti-wear properties are the result of the synergistic effect of the physical adsorption film and the chemical reaction film.
The relationship between serum C-reactive protein and senile hypertension
Authors: He Le , Fan Chenyang , Li Gang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Hypertension has become an important health risk factor in the 21st century, especially for the elderly. Studies have confirmed that inflammation is involved in the development of hypertension and that the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein(CRP) is significantly associated with hypertension. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to explore the CRP correlation with hypertension in the elderly. Methods: Serum CRP levels were measured in 196 hospitalized patients, and the CRP level was used as a criterion to divide them into the group with elevated CRP (>10 mmol/L, n=120) and the group with normal CRP (0 < CRP ≤ 10 mmol/L, n=76). and the patient's baseline characteristics were collected and compared between the groups, and the correlation between CRP and other factors and hypertension in the elderly was analyzed by multi-factor logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of hypertension, coronary artery disease and joint reactive inflammation was significantly higher in the group with elevated CRP. There was also a significant association between the use of alcohol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and steroids and elevated CRP; logistic regression showed that elevated CRP (OR=2.13, 95% CI: 1.14-3.99, p=0.019), body mass index (BMI) (OR= 1.10, 95% CI:1.01-1.90, p=0.030), diabetes (OR=2.68, 95% CI:1.24-5.79, p=0.012) were positively associated with hypertension, while statins use was negatively associated with hypertension (OR=0.49, 95% CI: 0.25-0.94, p=0.013).Conclusions: Elevated CRP, BMI, and diabetes are positively associated with hypertension in the elderly, and early screening for CRP and initiation of treatment may help prevent further inflammatory responses in hypertension.
Effect of Tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP) on neurobehavior of Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Tang Jielin , Qin Jinyan , Kuerban Guzailinuer , Li Jiayi , Zhou Qinyu , Zhang Hongdan , Sun Rongli , Yin Lihong , Pu Yuepu , Zhang Juan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
As an emerging flame retardant, organic phosphate flame retardants have been extensively used worldwide. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of TnBP on neurobehavior of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and its mechanisms. L1 larvae of wild-type C. elegans N2 and transgenic nematodes (BZ555, DA1240 and EG1285) were exposed to TnBP of 0, 0.1, 1, 10 and 20 mg/L for 72 hours, respectively. Then, we observed that TnBP inhibited the body length and body width, increased the head swings and body bends, reduced the pump contraction times and chemical trend index, and increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), altered the expression of genes (mev-1 and gas-1) related to mitochondrial oxidative stress, increased the expression of genes (pmk-1, sek-1 and nsy-1) related to p38 MAPK signal pathway, increased the production of dopamine, glutamate and Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid (GABA). When changes of motor behaviors were taken as the endpoint of toxicity evaluation, we found that the pmk-1 mutants led to the sensitivity of nematodes to TnBP. Therefore, the results showed that TnBP had harmful effects on the neurobehavior of nematodes, oxidative stress might be one of the mechanisms of neurotoxicity, and the activation of p38 MAPK signal pathway might play a protective role for nematodes against the harmful effects induced by TnBP. The research results revealed the potential effects of TnBP on the neurobehavior of C. elegans, put forward new expectations for the study of environmental hygiene and human survival risks of organic phosphate flame retardants.
Crust Macrofracturing as the Evidence of the Last Deglaciation
Authors: Aleshin Igor , Kholodkov Kirill , Kozlovskaya Elena , Malygin Ivan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Machine learning methods were applied to reconsider the results of several passive seismic experiments in Finland. We created datasets from different stages of the receiver function technique and processed them with one of basic machine learning algorithms. All the results were obtained uniformly with the k-nearest neighbors algorithm. The first result is the Moho depth map of the region. Another result is the delineation of the near-surface low S-wave velocity layer. There are three such areas in the Northern, Southern, and central parts of the region. The low S-wave velocity in the Northern and Southern areas can be linked to the geological structure. However, we attribute the central low S-wave velocity area to a large number of water-saturated cracks in the upper 1-5 km. Analysis of the structure of this area leads us to the conclusion that macrofracturing was caused by the last deglaciation.
Leukocyte CH25H is a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker for lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Jun , Xu Lidong , Gao Jun , Li Jieyi , Zhao Xiaokai , Yang Pengmin , Ge Yujun , Guo Dawei , Liu Zhonghua , Wang Xiyong , Gu Wenchao , Wang Pengli , Hu Xun , Gong Ziying , Zhang Daoyun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
ObjectivesMetastasis, a major challenge during the treatment of lung cancer, causes deterioration in patient health outcomes. Thus, to address this problem, this study aimed to explore the role and contribution of Cholesterol 25-Hydroxylase (CH25H) as a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker in lung cancer. Materials/methodsOnline public databases were used to analyze the differential expression, prognostic value, gene-pathway enrichment, and immune infiltration of CH25H in lung cancer patients. The Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to analyze and detect the CH25H expression levels in leukocytes from lung cancer patients. ResultsThe expression level of CH25H was significantly reduced in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), which is associated with a higher disease stage, but not in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis indicated that LUAD patients with low CH25H expression had a worse prognosis. Mechanistically, our results showed that in LUAD, CH25H may be a regulatory factor affecting the immune cell infiltration level, and the resultant tumor development. Experimental data showed that low expression of CH25H in leukocytes was significantly associated with LUAD metastasis (P < 0.01). ConclusionOur study suggests that CH25H may function as a prognostic and risk stratification biomarker for LUAD.
FTD-tau S320F mutation stabilizes local structure and allosterically promotes amyloid motif-dependent aggregation
Authors: Chen Dailu , Wosztyl Aleksandra , Mullapudi Vishruth , Bali Sofia , Vacquer-Alicea Jaime , Melhem Shamiram , Seelaar Harro , Swieten John van , Diamond Marc , Joachimiak Lukasz 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Amyloid deposition of the microtubule-associated protein tau is a unifying theme in a multitude of neurodegenerative diseases. Disease-associated missense mutations in tau are associated with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and enhance tau aggregation propensity. However, the molecular mechanism of how mutations in tau promote tau assembly into amyloids remains obscure. There is a need to understand how tau folds into pathogenic conformations to cause disease. Here we describe the structural mechanism for how an FTD-tau S320F mutation drives spontaneous aggregation. We use recombinant protein and synthetic peptide systems, computational modeling, cross-linking mass spectrometry, and cell models to investigate the mechanism of spontaneous aggregation of the S320F FTD-tau mutant. We discover that the S320F mutation drives the stabilization of a local hydrophobic cluster which allosterically exposes the 306VQIVYK311 amyloid motif. We identify a suppressor mutation that reverses the S320F aggregation phenotype through the reduction of S320F-based hydrophobic clustering in vitro and in cells. Finally, we use structure-based computational design to engineer rapidly aggregating tau sequences by optimizing nonpolar clusters in proximity to the S320 site revealing a new principle that governs the regulation of tau aggregation. We uncover a mechanism for regulating aggregation that balances transient nonpolar contacts within local protective structures or in longer-range interactions that sequester amyloid motifs. The introduction of a pathogenic mutation redistributes these transient interactions to drive spontaneous aggregation. We anticipate deeper knowledge of this process will permit control of tau aggregation into discrete structural polymorphs to aid design of reagents that can detect disease-specific tau conformations.
Impact of preoperative white blood cell count on long-term outcome in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Wang Bei , Li Lihong , Wang Shilai , Zhou Changming , Sun Zhirong , Weng Meilin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to explore the correlation between preoperative white blood cell (WBC) count and the outcome in patients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC) and the potential marker to predict the outcome.Patients and methods: A total of 8121 Chinese patients at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) undergoing colectomy, Dixon’s or Mile’s, for CRC from January 2008 to December 2014 were enrolled in present study. Based on that the WBC optimal cut-off value was ﻿7*109, the patients were divided into two groups, the moderate leukocytosis group (the leukocytosis group) and non-leukocytosis group. The impact of preoperative WBC count on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) was investigated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard models.Results: Moderate leukocytosis (≥﻿7*109) was recognized as a prognostic factor for survival independently. Moderate leukocytosis was significantly associated with male sex (P﻿＜0.001), advanced T stage (P﻿＜0.001), TNM stage (P﻿＜0.001), and no preoperative chemotherapy (P﻿＜0.001). Moderate leukocytosis group was corelated with poorer overall survival (OS) (P﻿＜0.001) and disease-free survival (DFS) (P=0.024) than non-leukocytosis group. In the multivariate analysis, the moderate leukocytosis group had a 19.6% higher risk in OS (HR=1.196, 95CI%:1.088-1.314, P<0.001) and had a 13.1% higher risk in DFS (HR=1.131, 95CI%:1.016-1.259, P=0.024) than the non-leukocytosis group. We found that the association with preoperative moderate leukocytosis and poorer OS (P﻿＜0.001) or DFS (P﻿=0.001) in patients with no preoperative chemotherapy in subgroup analysis.Conclusions: Preoperative moderate leukocytosis is associated with shorter OS, DFS indicating poor outcome in CRC patients after surgery.
Combined treatment with ruxolitinib and MK-2206 inhibits the JAK2/STAT5 and PI3K/AKT pathways via apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells
Authors: Celik Esin Guvenir , EROGLU Onur 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Due to deficiencies in the expression of hormone receptors, such as PR, ER and HER2, it is challenging to treat triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which does not respond to single targeted therapy. Ruxolitinib is a Janus kinase (JAK)1/JAK2 inhibitor. MK-2206 is an allosteric AKT inhibitor. Due to the limited activities of ruxolitinib and MK-2206 for monotherapy, the need for cotreatment with other drugs has emerged. This study is the first to examine the effects of ruxolitinib and MK-2206 cotreatment on apoptosis and JAK2/STAT5 and PI3K/AKT signaling in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Additionally, this work aimed to decrease the side effects of ruxolitinib and increase its anticancer effects with MK-2206 cotreatment.Methods and Results: Cell viability was reduced in a dose- and time-dependent manner after exposure to ruxolitinib, MK-2206 or both for 48 h, as shown by MTT assay. Ruxolitinib had a synergistic antiproliferative effect, as demonstrated by colony formation and wound healing assays. The effects of ruxolitinib, MK-2206 and their combination on apoptosis, as well as PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT signaling, were examined by western blot analyses. Cotreatment with ruxolitinib and MK-2206 reduced proliferation with the dual inhibition of JAK2/STAT5 and PI3K/AKT signaling by decreasing PI3K, AKT, JAK2, STAT5, Caspase-9, Caspase-7, PARP, c-Myc, and Bcl-2 and increasing P53 and PTEN protein expression.Conclusions: Our results revealed the roles of P53 and PTEN in the regulation of apoptosis and the PI3K/AKT and JAK2/STAT5 signaling pathways. The dual inhibition of JAK2/STAT5 and PI3K/AKT may reduce metastasis by decreasing tumor cell survival.
Impacts of Lysinibacillus sphaericus on mosquito larval community composition and larval competition between Culex pipiens and Aedes albopictus
Authors: McMillan Joseph R. , Olson Michael , Petruff Tanya , Shepard John J. , Armstrong Philip 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Effectiveness of mosquito larvicide active ingredients (AI), such as Lysinibacillus sphaericus, varies between species. To examine how differential effectiveness of L. sphaericus influences larval community dynamics, we performed two experiments. We performed a field experiment in which containers were seeded with a standardized nutrient treatment, mosquitoes colonized the containers, and then containers received one of three L. sphaericus applications. We then performed competition assays between Culex pipiens and Aedes albopictus in low nutrient environments using multiple interspecific ratios and the presence/absence of a low dose of L. sphaericus. Field results demonstrated elimination of Culex spp. from the treated containers while container breeding Aedes spp. proliferated across all treatments. Lysinibacillus sphaericus did not influence competition between Cx. pipiens and Ae. albopictus, and the L. sphaericus application eliminated Cx. pipiens in all treatment replicates while survival of Ae. albopictus was similar between treated and untreated containers across interspecific ratios. Lysinibacillus sphaericus is an effective AI for control of Culex spp. However, different AIs should be utilized in habitats containing non-Culex genera while a mix of AIs should be utilized where coexistence of multiple genera is expected or confirmed.