bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of blanching on the bioactive compounds of Terminalia ferdinandiana Exell fruit during storage
Authors: Bobasa Eshetu M. , Srivarathan Sukirtha , Phan Anh Dao Thi , Netzel Michael E. , Cozzolino Daniel , Sultanbawa Yasmina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChanges in quality of fruits and vegetables during processing and storage might impact on the nutritional and economical value of food products. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of blanching on the content of vitamin C and ellagic acid (EA) as the main bioactive compounds present in Kakadu plum (KP) fruits (Terminalia ferdinandiana) during storage at 40oC to mimic typical temperature when wild harvested. Changes in the profile of fatty acids, malondialdehyde (MDA) production, as a biomarker for lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant properties of KP fruits were evaluated. The results revealed that vitamin C decreased between 25 and 52% over the storage period. Statistically significant differences in the concentration of vitamin C were associated with temperature (p < 0.05) and blanching (p < 0.05), whereas no significant differences in EA during storage were observed. DPPH radical scavenging capacity and total phenolic content of both blanched and control samples decreased by 80% and 35%, respectively, at the end of the storage period compared to day 0. In addition, the change in DPPH activity is significantly correlated (Pearson R2 = 0.829, p ˂ 0.01) with the breakdown of ellagitannins. Furthermore, KP fruit demonstrated excellent antioxidative properties by reducing MDA production. It was concluded that blanching causes significant vitamin C loss whereas neither blanching nor long-term storage at elevated temperature affect the EA content. The results also indicate that the antioxidant compounds present in the KP fruits provided considerable protection against fatty acid oxidation during storage.
Impact of Silicon Foliar Application on the Growth and Physiological Traits of Carthamus tinctorius L. Exposed to Salt Stress
Authors: Jam Bahareh Jamshidi , Shekari Farid , Andalibi Babak , Fotovat Reza , Jafarian Vahab , Najafi Javad , Uberti Daniela , Mastinu Andrea 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlthought safflower is a tolerant crop against many environmental stresses, but its yield and performance reduce under stress. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of silicon (Si) application on the possibility of increasing salinity resistance and related mechanisms in safflower. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Si spraying (0, 1.5 and 2.5 mM) on safflower plants grown under salt stress condition (non-saline and 10 dS m−1). Salinity reduced seedling emergence percent and rate, growth parameters and disrupted ion uptake but increased emergence time and specifc leaf weight. Spraying of Si increased plant height, fresh and dry weight, leaf area, relative water content (RWC), potassium, calcium and silicon content, while sodium absorption was decreased. As a result, the K+/Na+ and Ca2+/Na+ ratios were increased. Elevated ion contents and ratios indicate an enhanced selectivity of ion uptake following silicon application and may increase ion discrimination against Na+. Treatment with 2.5 mM Si showed the most positive effect on the measured growth traits. Decrement in leaf area ratio under salinity indicates a more severe effect of salinity on leaf area compared to biomass production. On the other hand, silicon reduced the specific leaf weight under stress and non-stress conditions, which revalues the positive effects of silicon on leaf area expansion. Improvement of RWC may a reason for the icrease in leaf area and biomass production. Data shows that spraying with Si especialy with 2.5 mM can reduce salinity stress damage to safflower and increase biomass production.
Identification of representative dairy cattle and fodder crop production typologies at regional scale in Europe
Authors: Díaz de Otálora Xabier , Dragoni Federico , Del Prado Agustín , Estellés Fernándo , Wilfart Aurélie , Krol Dominika , Balaine Lorraine , Anestis Vasileios , Amon Barbara 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEuropean dairy production faces significant economic, environmental, and social sustainability challenges. Given the great diversity of dairy cattle production systems in Europe, region-specific concepts to improve environmental and socioeconomic sustainability are needed. Regionally integrated dairy cattle-crop systems emerge as a more resilient and sustainable alternative to highly specialized farming systems. Identifying different dairy cattle production typologies and their potential interactions with fodder crop production is presented as a step in transitioning to optimized agricultural systems. Currently existing typologies of integrated systems are often insufficient when characterizing structural, socioeconomic, and environmental components of farms. We fill this gap in the literature by identifying, describing, and comparing representative dairy cattle production system typologies and their interrelation with regional fodder crop production at the European regional scale. This is a necessary step to assess the scope for adapted mitigation and sustainability measures in the future. For this purpose, a multivariate statistical approach is applied. We show how different land-use practices, farm structure characteristics, socio-economic attributes, and emission intensities condition dairy production. Furthermore, the diversity of regional fodder crop production systems is demonstrated by analyzing their distribution in Europe. Together with identified typologies, varying degrees of regional specialization in milk production allow for identifying future strategies associated with the application of integrated systems in key European dairy regions. This study contributes to a better understanding of the existing milk production diversity in Europe and their relationship with regional fodder crop production. In addition, we discuss the benefits of integrated systems as a clear, viable, and resilient alternative to ongoing livestock intensification in the European context. Identifying interactions between components of integrated systems will facilitate decision-making, the design and implementation of measures to mitigate climate change, and the promotion of positive socio-economic and environmental interactions.
Assessment and validation of SPH modeling for nano-indentation
Authors: Shen Hao , Brousseau Emmanuel , Kulasegaram Sivakumar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNano-indentation tests are important techniques in material science. Over the past two decades, many numerical approaches have been proposed to model and simulate the nano-indentation process. In this paper, the possibility of modeling the process using a meshless numerical technique, known as smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH), is explored. In particular, the SPH modeling of nano-indentation is conducted using the ANSYS/LS-DYNA software using three different published studies as benchmarks. More specifically, SPH results reported by Guo et al. (J Semicond 36:083007, 2015) when nano-indenting a KPD crystal were used first to verify the validity of the SPH model established in this work. Following this, the outcomes of further SPH simulations were found to compare well against finite element modeling and experimental results reported in Dao et al. (Acta Mater 49:3899–3918, 2001) and Karimzadeh et al. (Comput Mater Sci 81:595–600, 2014) for both micro- and nano-indentation, respectively. These observations suggest that SPH is a technique with the potential to be considered more widely by researchers investigating high strain, or strain rate, deformation phenomena on the nanoscale. For example, the presented research on the development of a SPH-based nano-indentation model lays the foundations toward formulating a comprehensive model for the accurate simulation of nanoscale tool-based machining processes.
Multi-scale progressive blind face deblurring
Authors: Zhang Hao , Shi Canghong , Zhang Xian , Wu Linfeng , Li Xiaojie , Peng Jing , Wu Xi , Lv Jiancheng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBlind face deblurring aims to recover a sharper face from its unknown degraded version (i.e., different motion blur, noise). However, most previous works typically rely on degradation facial priors extracted from low-quality inputs, which generally leads to unlifelike deblurring results. In this paper, we propose a multi-scale progressive face-deblurring generative adversarial network (MPFD-GAN) that requires no facial priors to generate more realistic multi-scale deblurring results by one feed-forward process. Specifically, MPFD-GAN mainly includes two core modules: the feature retention module and the texture reconstruction module (TRM). The former can capture non-local similar features by full advantage of the different receptive fields, which facilitates the network to recover the complete structure. The latter adopts a supervisory attention mechanism that fully utilizes the recovered low-scale face to refine incoming features at every scale before propagating them further. Moreover, TRM extracts the high-frequency texture information from the recovered low-scale face by the Laplace operator, which guides subsequent steps to progressively recover faithful face texture details. Experimental results on the CelebA, UTKFace and CelebA-HQ datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed network, which achieves better accuracy and visual quality against state-of-the-art methods.
Earth’s gradients as the engine of plate tectonics and earthquakes
Authors: Zaccagnino Davide , Doglioni Carlo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe processes occurring on the Earth are controlled by several gradients. The surface of the Planet is featured by complex geological patterns produced by both endogenous and exogenous phenomena. The lack of direct investigations still makes Earth interior poorly understood and prevents complete clarification of the mechanisms ruling geodynamics and tectonics. Nowadays, slab-pull is considered the force with the greatest impact on plate motions, but also ridge-push, trench suction and physico-chemical heterogeneities are thought to play an important role. However, several counterarguments suggest that these mechanisms are insufficient to explain plate tectonics. While large part of the scientific community agreed that either bottom-up or top-down driven mantle convection is the cause of lithospheric displacements, geodetic observations and geodynamic models also support an astronomical contribution to plate motions. Moreover, several evidences indicate that tectonic plates follow a mainstream and how the lithosphere has a roughly westerly drift with respect to the asthenospheric mantle. An even more wide-open debate rises for the occurrence of earthquakes, which should be framed within the different tectonic setting, which affects the spatial and temporal properties of seismicity. In extensional regions, the dominant source of energy is given by gravitational potential, whereas in strike-slip faults and thrusts, earthquakes mainly dissipate elastic potential energy indeed. In the present article, a review is given of the most significant results of the last years in the field of geodynamics and earthquake geology following the common thread of gradients, which ultimately shape our planet.
Convex–concave and anterior–posterior spinal length discrepancies in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with major right thoracic curves versus matched controls
Authors: de Reuver Steven , de Block Nick , Brink Rob C. , Chu Winnie C. W. , Cheng Jack C. Y. , Kruyt Moyo C. , Castelein René M. , Schlösser Tom P. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The apical deformation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a combination of rotation, coronal deviation and passive anterior lengthening of the spine. In AIS surgery, posterior–concave lengthening or anterior–convex shortening can be part of the corrective maneuver, as determined by the individual surgeon’s technique. The magnitude of convex–concave and anterior–posterior length discrepancies, and how this needs to be modified to restore optimal spinal harmony, remains unknown.

Methods
CT-scans of 80 pre-operative AIS patients with right convex primary thoracic curves were sex- and age-matched to 80 healthy controls. The spinal length parameters of the main thoracic curves were compared to corresponding levels in controls. Vertebral body endplates and posterior elements were semi-automatically segmented to determine the length of the concave and convex side of the anterior column and along the posterior pedicle screw entry points while taking the 3D-orientation of each individual vertebra into account.

Results
The main thoracic curves showed anterior lengthening with a mean anterior–posterior length discrepancy of + 3 ± 6%, compared to a kyphosis of − 6 ± 3% in controls (p < 0.01). In AIS, the convex side was 20 ± 7% longer than concave (0 ± 1% in controls; p < 0.01). The anterior and posterior concavity were 7 and 22 mm shorter, respectively, while the anterior and posterior convexity were 21 and 8 mm longer compared to the controls.

Conclusions
In thoracic AIS, the concave shortening is more excessive than the convex lengthening. To restore spinal harmony, the posterior concavity should be elongated while allowing for some shortening of the posterior convexity.
HOW DO EXCAVATED MANUSCRIPTS AND TRANSMITTED CANONS AND COMMENTARIES SHED LIGHT ON EACH OTHER? AN OUTLOOK FROM MATHEMATICS
Authors: Chemla Karine 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBefore the mathematical manuscript titledWritings on Mathematical Procedures(Suanshu shu筭數書) was found at Zhangjiashan, historians of mathematics could trace mathematics in early imperial China only on the basis of the received canonical literature, notablyThe Nine Chapters on Mathematical Procedures(Jiuzhang suanshu九章算術). After the Zhangjiashan and other mathematical manuscripts were found, they were mainly compared withThe Nine Chapters, in the belief that these were all early imperial mathematical works and therefore adequate objects of comparison. As such,The Nine Chapterswas transmitted with layers of commentaries and subcommentaries. This article argues thatWritings on Mathematical Procedurespresents important parallels with the commentarial literature onThe Nine Chapters. This sheds light on how such exegeses were composed. The article further demonstrates that examination of these commentaries and subcommentaries allows us to perceive parallels betweenWritings on Mathematical ProceduresandThe Nine Chaptersthat to date have not been considered.
Past, present, and future of the Italian memory of Fascism. Interviews with Luisa Passerini, Filippo Focardi, John Foot, Robert Gordon, and Philip Cooke
Authors: Bartolini Guido 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article consists of interviews with five world experts on the memory of Fascism. Taking the centenary of the March on Rome as an opportunity to rethink the development of Italian collective memory, the five interviewees were asked to reflect on different aspects of the Italian memory of Fascism, addressing the dominant conceptualisations, limits, and transformations of the discourses used to narrate Fascism in Italian culture. The result of these conversations, which touch upon issues related to the memory of the Resistance, the Second World War, the Holocaust, and colonialism, is a rich overview of the main trends and current trajectories of Italian memory culture, which can help us imagine the future directions of the Italian memory of Fascism and enhance interventions in this field by memory scholars and memory activists.
Models of gene–culture evolution are incomplete without incorporating epigenetic effects
Authors: Ragsdale Gillian , Foley Robert Andrew 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Epigenetics impacts gene–culture coevolution by amplifying phenotypic variation, including clustering, and bridging the difference in timescales between genetic and cultural evolution. The dual inheritance model described by Uchiyama et al. could be modified to provide greater explanatory power by incorporating epigenetic effects.
Genetic solutions to cultural problems?
Authors: Newson Lesley , Richerson Peter J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In theory, observed correlations between genetic information and behaviour might be useful to members of the WEIRD (western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic) populations. Guiding young people to choose educational opportunities that best match their abilities would benefit both the individual and society. In practice, however, such choices are far more profoundly limited by the culture people have inherited than their genes.
The many geographical layers of culture
Authors: Götz Friedrich M. , Ebert Tobias , Rentfrow Peter J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Uchiyama et al. present a dual inheritance framework for conceptualizing how behavioural genetics and cultural evolution interact and affect heritability. We posit that to achieve a holistic and nuanced representation of the cultural environment and evolution against which genetic effects should be evaluated, it is imperative to consider the multiple geographic cultural layers impacting individuals and genetic heritability.
Rye-soybean double-crop: planting method and N fertilization effects in the North Central US
Authors: Malone Robert W. , O'Brien Peter L. , Herbstritt Steph , Emmett Bryan D. , Karlen Douglas L. , Kaspar Tom C. , Kohler Keith , Radke Anna , Lence Sergio H. , Wu Huaiqing , Richard Tom L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDouble-cropping winter rye cover crops (CC) with soybean in the North Central US could help with the global effort to sustainably intensify agriculture. Studies addressing the management of these systems are limited. Therefore, a field study was conducted from 2017 to 2019 in Central Iowa, US to evaluate winter rye CC biomass production, aboveground N accumulation, estimated economics, estimated within-field energy balance and estimated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions under three N application rates (0, 60, 120 kg N ha−1) and three planting methods (pre- and post-harvest broadcast and post-harvest drilling). Averaged over N rates, all planting methods resulted in >5.0 Mg ha−1 year−1 rye aboveground biomass dry matter. Averaged over the 2-year study and compared with unfertilized treatments, applying 60 kg N ha−1 produced 1.1 Mg ha−1 more aboveground biomass (6.1 vs 5.0 Mg ha−1), accumulated 30 kg ha−1 more N in aboveground biomass (88 vs 58 kg N ha−1), and led to 20 GJ ha−1 more net energy. Biomass production was not significantly higher with 120 kg N ha−1 compared with the 60 kg N ha−1 rate. Even when accounting for an estimated 0.75 Mg ha−1 of above ground rye biomass left in the field after harvesting, more N was removed than applied at the 60 kg N ha−1 rate. The minimum rye prices over the 2-year study needed for double-cropping winter rye CC to be profitable (breakeven prices) averaged $117 and $104 Mg−1 for the 0 and 60 kg N ha−1 rates, which factors in estimated soybean yield reductions in 2019 compared with local averages but not off-site transportation. GHG emissions were estimated to increase approximately threefold between the unfertilized and 60 kg N ha−1 rates without considering bioenergy offsets. While environmental tradeoffs need further study, results suggest harvesting fertilized rye CC biomass before planting soybean is a promising practice for the North Central US to maximize total crop and net energy production.
Agronomic cover crop management supports weed suppression and competition in California orchards
Authors: Haring Steven C. , Hanson Bradley D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCover crops enhance the biodiversity of cropping systems and can support a variety of useful ecosystem services, including weed suppression. In California orchards, cover crops are typically implemented as annual plants that can replace resident vegetation in orchard alleyways during the rainy winter season. Our research objective was to evaluate cover crop management factors that support a competitive, weed-suppressing cover crop in the unique orchard systems of central California. We conducted two experiments: an experiment evaluating cover crop management intensification in walnuts (Juglans regia L.) and an experiment evaluating multispecies cover crop mixes and planting date in almonds [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb]. These experiments demonstrate that timely cover crop planting is important for producing an abundant cover crop, and a variety of cover crop management programs can produce weed-suppressing cover crops. However, cover crops do not result in weed-free orchards and should be considered within the context of integrated management programs. The apparent flexibility of orchard cover crop management provides an opportunity to promote other agroecosystem services, with vegetation management and weed suppression as complementary management goals.
Observational Investigation of the Low‐Level Jets in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Sánchez Maciel Piñero , Pereira de Oliveira Amauri , Varona Ramón Pérez , Tito Janet Valdés , Codato Georgia , Ynoue Rita Yuri , Ribeiro Flávia Noronha Dutra , Marques Filho Edson Pereira , da Silveira Lucas Cardoso 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe main features of low‐level jet (LLJ) in the metropolitan region of São Paulo (MRSP), Brazil, are assessed using rawinsondes carried out: (a) every 3‐hr during 10‐consecutive days in summer and winter field campaigns of the MCITY BRAZIL Project in 2013, (b) at 0900 and 2100 local time, from September 2009 to August 2013. These observations indicate that the LLJ is a typical feature of the MRSP, observed in 85% of the 20 days of the field‐campaigns and 77.6% of the 1,446 days of regular rawinsonde period. The fine temporal and spatial resolution soundings indicate that most of the LLJs occur during nighttime and early in the morning, with mean intensity of 8.5 ± 0.3 m s−1, height of 539 ± 26 m, and mostly (52.5%) from east and north. The coarse resolution soundings indicate the LLJ display a seasonal variation with maximum intensity in October (8.6 ± 0.3 m s−1) and a minimum in February (7.1 ± 0.2 m s−1), a maximum height in March (703 ± 151 m) and a minimum in June (577 ± 151 m). During MCITY campaigns about 76.4% of LLJ events show inertial oscillation and 35.3% of them are combined with sea breeze. Only 17.6% of LLJ events are associated with cold fronts and post‐frontal high pressure system. The urban heat island intensity, surface inversion layer strength, particulate matter 2.5 and carbon monoxide concentrations are negatively correlated with the LLJ intensity, suggesting the jet‐induced turbulent mixing may contribute to reduce them.