bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectrum of Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases in Patients Presenting with Dyspepsia—A First Report from Myanmar
Authors: Aye Than Than , Tin Thiri , Aye Mya Thida , Win Thet Mar , Kyaw Aye Mya Mya , Aye Khin San , Tun Myint Naychi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundDyspepsia is associated with a variety of benign and malignant gastrointestinal diseases. The aim of the study was to evaluate the spectrum of upper gastrointestinal endoscopic findings in patients presenting with dyspepsia.MethodsThis is a retrospective study on consecutive patients with dyspepsia undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at the gastroenterology department of Thingangyun General Hospital, University of Medicine 2, Yangon, from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2019.ResultsIn this study, 1650 patients were recruited retrospectively. Forty‐nine patients were excluded due to incomplete data entry. There were 883 female (55%) out of 1601 patients. The mean age was 50.5 ± 15.82 years. The endoscopic findings were gastric/duodenal erosion (10.8%), erosive esophagitis (5.1%), duodenal ulcer (3.5%), gastric ulcer (4.4%), gastroesophageal varices (3.49%), esophageal cancer (0.8%), and gastric cancer (5.3%); in which early‐onset gastric cancer contributed for 17.6%. Miscellaneous diagnoses were 4.2%, and findings were normal at 62.5%. Significant endoscopy findings were diagnosed in patients over 45 years of age. Helicobacter pylori infection was found in 40.6% of the total study population, 52% of gastric cancers, 50% of gastric ulcers, 51.2% of duodenal ulcers, and 49.3% of gastric/duodenal erosions.ConclusionSignificant endoscopic findings in dyspeptic patients are frequent in our data. A considerable number of gastric cancer were diagnosed in patients under 45 years of age. H. pylori is prevalent in our dyspepsia population. The age threshold of 40–45 years for both males and females could be reasonable for the use of endoscopy in patients with dyspepsia in our population.
Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis: Rising incidence, diagnostic delays, and the impact of SGLT2 inhibitors in hospitalized patients
Authors: Schutte Bryce , Savage Kalie , Merwin Matthew , Morris Matthew , Geringer Rage , Dilsaver Danielle B. , Plambeck Robert W. , Jagan Nikhil 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn the setting of growing use of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), little is known about the prevalence and impact of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (eDKA). We performed a retrospective analysis on patients with DKA in the Catholic Health Initiatives‐Omaha Health system from 2018 to 2023. Among the 510 patients meeting inclusion criteria; 455 (89.2%) had traditional DKA and 55 (10.8%) had eDKA. SGLT2i use was more likely in eDKA patients (44.4% vs. 0.03%). Compared with traditional DKA, those with eDKA had a significantly longer time to diagnosis (388 vs. 166 min, p < .001) and duration of DKA (2772 vs. 2005 min, p = .007). However, intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital length of stay (LOS) were similar between both DKA groups (171 vs. 170 h; 3.43 vs. 3.37 days, respectively). The unique biochemical profile of eDKA likely delays diagnosis and treatment, ultimately leading to similar LOS despite eDKA patients having lower Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores. Because the proportion of eDKA is rising, hospitalists must have a heightened awareness of eDKA as SGLT2i use increases.
Corporate Social Responsibility Expenditure and Financial Performance: The Case of Optional Spending and Mandatory Reporting in India
Authors: Mazumdar Smita , Bhattacharyya Som Sekhar , Krishnamoorthy Bala , Mukherjee Sujata , Rego Shailaja 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study examined the correlation between Indian firms’ Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) expenditure and their financial performance (FFP) using disclosure data from 479 firms between 2014 and 2020. This period was notable for mandatory CSR reporting but optional spending. A panel regression analysis was employed to assess firm behavior from the perspectives of institutional, signaling, and value creation theories. This study found that firms’ CSR expenditure was notably lower than mandated spending in all sectors, except in the energy, material, and consumer‐staples sectors. Overall, CSR spending was associated with improved margins, supporting value creation theory. However, the impact varied across industries: the energy, material, industrial, consumer‐discretionary, and healthcare sectors exhibited a negative association, whereas the consumer‐staples sector showed a significant positive association. Thus, promoting CSR spending in sectors that benefit the most may be more effective than adopting a uniform approach across all sectors. Regulatory bodies should consider developing industry‐specific intervention plans to integrate CSR more effectively into mainstream business practices.
Impact of early enteral nutrition in critically ill children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Benjamin Ana Cristina Assumpção , Silva Humberto Magalhães , Uzun Raísa Sanches , Ventura Andrea Maria Cordeiro , Ferraz Isabel de Siqueira , Nogueira Roberto José Negrão , De Souza Tiago Henrique 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to evaluate the impact of early enteral nutrition (EEN) compared with late enteral nutrition on clinical outcomes in critically ill children.MethodsPubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched until December 2024. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality, with secondary outcomes including duration of mechanical ventilation and length of stay in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and hospital. The meta‐analysis used a random‐effects model with inverse variance weighting.ResultsTwenty‐one studies (10,006 children) were included. Definitions of EEN varied across studies, ranging from 24 to 72 h. EEN was associated with decreased mortality in both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (odds ratio [OR] = 0.64; 95% CI, 0.43–0.96; P = 0.03) and observational studies (OR = 0.38; 95% CI, 0.23–0.62; P < 0.001). A sensitivity analysis was conducted by combining studies with similar EEN definitions. EEN initiated within 24 h of PICU admission was not significantly associated with mortality (OR = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.43–1.20; P = 0.21). However, EEN within 48 h was significantly associated with reduced mortality (OR = 0.37; 95% CI, 0.25–0.56; P < 0.001). The certainty of evidence (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) from RCTs was evaluated as low, whereas that from observational studies was evaluated as very low.ConclusionThe evidence from this study suggests that EEN benefits critically ill children by reducing mortality and shortening hospital stays. However, the high risk of bias and very low certainty of the evidence highlight the need for further research.
Fabrication of composite gels based on soy protein isolate and κ‐carrageenan and delivery of riboflavin: insights into microstructure, gel properties and digestive characteristics
Authors: Tan Xiangyun , Song Yao , Shang Baiyu , Geng Mengjie , Teng Fei 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDRiboflavin, a water‐soluble vitamin, is not synthesized in the human body. Hence, developing riboflavin carriers that can be retained in the gastrointestinal system for longer periods can facilitate riboflavin supplementation.RESULTSThe present study aimed to prepare a soy protein isolate (SPI)–κ‐carrageenan composite gel‐mediated riboflavin delivery model. Additionally, the effects of different concentrations of κ‐carrageenan on the micromorphology, gel strength and rheological properties of SPI gels were investigated. The results showed that incorporating high‐ concentration of κ‐carrageenan (0.4 g kg−1) effectively enhanced the interactions among SPI aggregates, increasing the gel frontal strength to 128.65 g and water‐holding capacity up to 81.67%. Additionally, κ‐carrageenan incorporation enhanced the gel network structure, reduced gel porosity and increased the density of the gel network structure. Compared with SPI gels, SPI–κ‐carrageenan composite gel facilitated the targeted release and in vivo degradation of riboflavin, at the same time as delaying the biodegradation of riboflavin in stored gels.CONCLUSIONAltogether, the findings of the present study provide insights into SPI–κ‐carrageenan composite gels regarding gel properties and interaction mechanisms, as well as a strategy for the slow release of riboflavin in the gastrointestinal tract. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Predictors of Thyroglossal Duct Cyst Recurrence and Complications Following Sistrunk Procedure
Authors: Campbell Brett A. , Kelly Zachary , Kim Hae‐Young , Cunningham Michael Joseph , Choi Sukgi S. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveRecurrence is the primary complication of the Sistrunk procedure performed for the resection of thyroglossal duct cysts (TGDC). We aim to more confidently identify patients who may be predisposed to recurrence or other postoperative complications based on their clinical presentation and (or) perioperative course.MethodsOur institution's electronic medical record was queried over a 23‐year period (2000–2023) for patients with TGDC who underwent a Sistrunk procedure. Demographics, clinical presentation, and outcomes data were collected and analyzed. The primary outcome was the factors associated with postoperative TGDC recurrence. The secondary outcomes were the factors associated with Sistrunk procedure complications.ResultsA total of 357 patients underwent a Sistrunk procedure for TGDC at a mean age of 5.75 years and an average duration of follow‐up of 26.5 months. Age, gender, race, cutaneous tracts, tongue base findings, pre‐operative infection, number of pre‐operative infections, incision and drainage, needle aspiration, placement of a post‐operative drain, and the type of drain placed were unassociated with recurrence. The two factors associated with recurrence were postoperative infection (adjusted OR = 11.98 [95% CI: 3.38, 42.49], p = < 0.001) and postoperative seroma (adjusted OR = 5.03 [95% CI: 1.17, 21.62], p = −0.030). Male sex was significantly associated with postoperative complications (adjusted OR = 3.26 [95% CI: 1.55, 6.89], p = 0.002).ConclusionRecurrence of TGDC after a Sistrunk procedure is an ongoing challenge that occurs in approximately 5% of cases. Recurrence is likely due to two factors: inadequate surgical technique and (or) histological factors like remnant arborizing microscopic ductules. Postoperative infection and seroma do not cause recurrence but may be predictors of residual disease due to one of these two factors and warrant closer surveillance.Level of Evidence3.
Combining Selective Laser Sintering and Fused Deposition Modeling of Pharmaceutical Polymers: A Novel Approach to Prepare Intestine‐Targeted Tablets
Authors: Tranová Thao , Matzick Kevin , Loskot Jan , Macháčková Jana , Nevyhoštěná Marie , Macho Oliver , Trnčáková Vladimíra , Komersová Alena , Mužíková Jitka 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study introduces a novel approach to prepare an intestine‐targeting transport system with a controlled drug release profile, combining two 3D printing techniques: selective laser sintering (SLS) and fused deposition modeling (FDM). Material evaluations indicate that a mixture of Kollidon® VA64 with 20% of Kollicoat® IR and 0.2% of Aeroperl® has the best flow behavior and exhibits optimal printability at a laser speed of 90 mm s−1. The formulation is subsequently drug‐loaded and the printed cores are coated using the FDM technique. The core serves as a drug carrier and the FDM coating shell, consisting of 95% HPMC and 5% pectin, provides modified drug release and enhanced mechanical resistance of the tablet. The coating exhibits acid‐resistant properties, with no drug release in the pH of 1.2 during the first 120 min of dissolution testing. In the pH of 6.8, the release profile shows zero‐order kinetics with a constant release rate of 0.249% min−1 (in the time interval from 255 to 480 min). At the time point of 720 min, 92% of the drug is released. Dissolution testing thus demonstrates delayed and prolonged drug release. Combining both 3D printing methods shows great potential for personalized treatment of intestinal inflammatory diseases.
Electrospinning in Drug Delivery: Progress and Future Outlook
Authors: Halim Nurfitrah , Nallusamy Nithiskanna , Lakshminarayanan Rajamani , Ramakrishna Seeram , Vigneswari Sevakumaran 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThere is intense research during the past few decades to design and fabricate drug delivery systems using the electrospinning system. Electrospinning is an efficient technique to produce nanofiber materials with different dimensions and morphologies by adjusting the processing parameters. Electrospinning is becoming an innovative technology that promotes the pursuit and maintenance of human health. Herein, the review discusses the contribution of electrospinning technology in drug delivery systems, summarising the modification of the various electrospinning system configurations and the effects of the process parameters on fibers, their application in drug delivery including carrier materials, loaded drugs and their release mechanisms and illustrates their various medical applications. Finally, this review discusses the challenges, bottlenecks, and development prospects of electrospinning technology in the field of drug delivery in terms of scaling up for clinical use and exploring potential solutions to pave the way to establish electrospinning for future drug delivery systems.
Tensile Strength of Continuous and Disordered Fibrous Mats: A Tale of Two‐Length Scales
Authors: Rawal Amit , Singh Danvendra , Maurya Alok , Szenti Imre , Kukovecz Akos , Kudisonga Christian , Heitzmann Michael 
Published: February 2025

AbstractContinuous and disordered fibrous mats are ubiquitous multi‐scalar materials endowed with diverse functionalities and nonlinear mechanical properties. Gaining deeper insights into mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and breaking elongation, can broaden the scope of potential applications for these fibrous mats across various fields. Here, a unified tensile strength model applicable to electrospun and melt‐blown mats is presented that hinges on the tensile strength of constituent fibers, fiber orientation, fiber volume fraction, and the specimen dimensions considered during uniaxial tensile testing. Espoused by the established body of literature, fiber stretching has been considered a key deformation mechanism for predicting the tensile strength of these fibrous mats. Regardless of inconsistencies and anomalies in fiber morphology, a good agreement has been obtained between the theoretical and experimental values of tensile strengths of polylactic acid (PLA)‐based electrospun and polypropylene‐based melt‐blown mats. The model's robustness is evident in its successful prediction of a nearly two‐order magnitude reduction in tensile strength for electrospun mats compared to their constituent fibers. A roadmap to enhance the tensile strength of fibrous mats has been developed by analyzing key fiber and structural parameters. Further, higher‐order nematic orientation parameters quantified anisotropy in the fibrous mats before and after tensile loading.
Polymerization in Living Organisms for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Yun Xin , Dong Yansong , Ge Zhishen 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIntra‐tissue polymerization as a kind of polymerization reaction in biological tissues has the advantages of good biocompatibility, accurate localization, and dynamic response. In this review, the progress and applications of intra‐tissue polymerization technologies in biomedicine are summarized. The biomedical applications of polymerization in different tissues are discussed, including living neural tissues to improve neural device performance, preparation of electronic devices in plants and animals, polymerization in tumor tissues for therapeutic and monitoring purposes, and polymerization in skin tissues for wound monitoring and therapy. Various polymerization strategies, including electrochemical polymerization, enzymatic polymerization, photopolymerization, and free radical polymerization, are used and described in the different intra‐tissue polymerization methods. Moreover, the challenges in this field are discussed, such as the precise control of polymerization reactions and the development of biocompatible materials, and the future development direction of this field is also prospected.
From Reduction To Remediation: Sustainable Use of Algal Fibrous Mats for Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis and Dye Removal
Authors: Karaduman Fatma Rabia , Köksal Betül Öztürk , Metin Ayşegül Ülkü , Horzum Nesrin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBiogenic synthesis of metal nanoparticles offers a sustainable alternative to traditional methods that often rely on toxic reducing agents, offering an environmentally friendly approach to nanoparticle production. The use of nanofibrous substrates, algal nanofibers (Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/Cystoseira barbata (Cb)), for the reduction process enhances the efficiency of nanoparticle formation, providing a larger surface area for reaction and ensuring uniform distribution of the synthesized nanoparticles. Following the biogenic synthesis of Ag nanoparticles and their stabilization with xanthan gum (XG), the resulting PAN/Cb/Ag@XG nanofibrous catalyst demonstrates excellent reusability, maintaining its activity and structural integrity even after multiple cycles of use. The stabilization with XG also ensures long‐term shelf life by preventing nanoparticle aggregation. Additionally, the nanofibrous material exhibits antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. Its dual functionality—targeting harmful pathogens while avoiding secondary pollution—positions them as a sustainable and eco‐friendly solution for advanced water purification and disinfection systems.
Differential expression of the MYC‐Notch axis drives divergent responses to the front‐line therapy in central and peripheral extensive‐stage small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Luo Libo , Xia Rui , Mao Shiqi , Liu Qian , Du He , Jiang Tao , Yang Shuo , Wang Yan , Li Wei , Zhou Fei , Yu Jia , Gao Guanghui , Li Xuefei , Zhao Chao , Cheng Lei , Shi Jingyun , Chen Xiaoxia , Zhou Caicun , Chen Luonan , Ren Shengxiang , Wu Fengying 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCentral and peripheral extensive‐stage small‐cell lung cancer (ES‐SCLC) are reported to be two distinct tumor entities, but their responses to the front‐line therapies and underlying biological mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we first compared the outcomes of central and peripheral ES‐SCLC receiving front‐line chemotherapy or chemo‐immunotherapy with a cohort of 265 patients. Then we performed single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) on nine treatment‐naïve ES‐SCLC samples to investigate potential mechanisms underlying the response differences. Under chemotherapy, the peripheral type had a lower objective response rate (44.8% vs. 71.2%, p = 0.008) and shorter progression‐free survival (median 3.4 vs. 5.1 months, p = 0.001) than the central type. When comparing chemo‐immunotherapy with chemotherapy, the peripheral type showed a greater potential to reduce progression (HR, 0.18 and 0.52, respectively) and death (HR, 0.44 and 0.91 respectively) risks than the central type. Concerning the scRNA‐seq data, the peripheral type was associated with chemo‐resistant and immune‐responsive tumoral and microenvironmental features, including a higher expression level of MYC‐Notch‐non‐neuroendocrine (MYC‐Notch‐non‐NE) axis and a more potent antigen presentation and immune activation status. Our results revealed that central and peripheral ES‐SCLC had distinct responses to front‐line treatments, potentially due to differential activation statuses of the MYC‐Notch‐non‐NE axis.
Review on Uniaxial Negative Thermal Expansion of Tr‐Zr Superconductors
Authors: Watanabe Yuto , Mizuguchi Yoshikazu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThermal expansion is one of the most fundamental properties of materials, and control of thermal expansion is a key technology to provide productions such as electronic devices with high performance and high robustness to thermal shock. Studying negative thermal expansion (NTE) materials has been a hot issue in modern physics and material science because mechanisms of NTE cannot be understood by general thermal expansion theory, and NTE materials have the potential to fabricate zero thermal expansion materials by combination with positive thermal expansion (PTE) materials. NTE materials with a wide working temperature range are mainly ceramics or insulators. However, in 2022, uniaxial NTE along the c‐axis in a wide temperature range was observed in CuAl2‐type tetragonal CoZr2 superconductor. Since superconductors with a wide temperature range of NTE are quite rare, the discovery has attracted attention and plays an important role in leading further studies. In this article, we review the recent progress of the study on transition metal (Tr) zirconide TrZr2 with its unique NTE phenomena. We discuss how to control the uniaxial NTE along the c‐axis and the mechanisms of the NTE for TrZr2. We also introduce similar compounds TrZr3 exhibiting uniaxial NTE along the c‐axis even though crystal structures are different from TrZr2.
Maximal Operators Associated With Walsh‐Paley Systems on Dyadic Hardy Spaces
Authors: Goginava Ushangi , Memić Nacima , Mukhamemdov Farrukh 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe concept of a critical point of the maximum operator associated with the Walsh‐Paley system is the focus of this study. Namely, a point is called critical
with respect to , if is bounded from to , for all and it is not bounded from to . The main result of the this paper states that if serves as a critical point, then is bounded from to . Additionally, we demonstrate that for every value , there exists a sequence of operators even over subset that is not uniformly bounded from to .
Wide Stopband Bandpass Filter With Higher‐Order Mode Suppression
Authors: Xu Ruofeng , Tang Wei , Xu Yinfang , Kong Xianglin , Wang Jun , Zhao Lei 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTTo meet the requirement of band selection performance and low loss in wireless communication system, a wide stopband bandpass filter with higher‐order mode suppression is proposed in this paper. The filter utilizes the high‐pass characteristic of the Half Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide (HMSIW) to produce a lower stop‐band. A quarter‐wavelength resonator is used to generate a transmission zero at the upper band. Thus, the bandpass effect is realized from 3.4 to 5.6 GHz. The 3 dB relative bandwidth reaches 46.7%, the in‐band insertion loss is less than 0.7 dB, and the return loss is better than −15 dB. The transverse slots of the resonant part cut the surface current flow and effectively suppress the higher‐order TE mode; the additional metal vias near the electric wall are equivalent to the inductors for storing magnetic energy, which reduce the harmonic interference of higher‐order TM modes. The −25dB stopband of the filter is from 6.5 to 17 GHz, thus a wide stopband of 3.7 times of center frequency is realized. The measured results are well matched with simulated ones. The filter has the characteristics of simple structure, low profile, low loss, and easy fabrication, which provides a novel concept for the design of high‐performance filtering devices in radar and aerospace systems.