bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Common Germline Risk Variants Impact Somatic Alterations and Clinical Features across Cancers
Authors: Namba Shinichi , Saito Yuki , Kogure Yasunori , Masuda Tatsuo , Bondy Melissa L. , Gharahkhani Puya , Gockel Ines , Heider Dominik , Hillmer Axel , Jankowski Janusz , MacGregor Stuart , Maj Carlo , Melin Beatrice , Ostrom Quinn T. , Palles Claire , Schumacher Johannes , Tomlinson Ian , Whiteman David C. , Okada Yukinori , Kataoka Keisuke 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Aggregation of genome-wide common risk variants, such as polygenic risk score (PRS), can measure genetic susceptibility to cancer. A better understanding of how common germline variants associate with somatic alterations and clinical features could facilitate personalized cancer prevention and early detection. We constructed PRSs from 14 genome-wide association studies (median n = 64,905) for 12 cancer types by multiple methods and calibrated them using the UK Biobank resources (n = 335,048). Meta-analyses across cancer types in The Cancer Genome Atlas (n = 7,965) revealed that higher PRS values were associated with earlier cancer onset and lower burden of somatic alterations, including total mutations, chromosome/arm somatic copy-number alterations (SCNA), and focal SCNAs. This contrasts with rare germline pathogenic variants (e.g., BRCA1/2 variants), showing heterogeneous associations with somatic alterations. Our results suggest that common germline cancer risk variants allow early tumor development before the accumulation of many somatic alterations characteristic of later stages of carcinogenesis.

Significance:
Meta-analyses across cancers show that common germline risk variants affect not only cancer predisposition but the age of cancer onset and burden of somatic alterations, including total mutations and copy-number alterations.
Políticas culturais em tempos de pandemia: da Lei Aldir Blanc à Lei Paulo Gustavo e suas aplicações no estado e município de São Paulo
Authors: Almeida José Renato Fonseca de 
Published: October 2022

Este artigo se debruça sobre a construção das leis emergenciais para a cultura, durante a pandemia de covid-19, em especial a Lei Aldir Blanc 1, buscando mostrar como, em tempos de guerra, exceção e pandemia, o que temos é a emergência. Trataremos com mais detalhes das experiências vivenciadas no estado e município de São Paulo, onde o autor participou da comissão municipal de elaboração dos projetos a serem implementados, fazendo apontamentos da Lei Aldir Blanc 2 e da Lei Paulo Gustavo, que, no momento de elaboração deste artigo, ainda se encontram no momento de análise e derrubada do veto presidencial para poderem ser implantadas.
Chronic E-Cigarette Use Impairs Endothelial Function on the Physiological and Cellular Levels
Authors: Mohammadi Leila , Han Daniel D. , Xu Fengyun , Huang Abel , Derakhshandeh Ronak , Rao Poonam , Whitlatch Adam , Cheng Jing , Keith Rachel J. , Hamburg Naomi M. , Ganz Peter , Hellman Judith , Schick Suzaynn F. , Springer Matthew L. 
Published: October 2022

Background:
The harmful vascular effects of smoking are well established, but the effects of chronic use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) on endothelial function are less understood. We hypothesized that e-cigarette use causes changes in blood milieu that impair endothelial function.

Methods:

Endothelial function was measured in chronic e-cigarette users, chronic cigarette smokers, and nonusers. We measured effects of participants’ sera, or e-cigarette aerosol condensate, on NO and H
2
O
2
release and cell permeability in cultured endothelial cells (ECs).

Results:

E-cigarette users and smokers had lower flow-mediated dilation (FMD) than nonusers. Sera from e-cigarette users and smokers reduced VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)-induced NO secretion by ECs relative to nonuser sera, without significant reduction in endothelial NO synthase mRNA or protein levels. E-cigarette user sera caused increased endothelial release of H
2
O
2
, and more permeability than nonuser sera. E-cigarette users and smokers exhibited changes in circulating biomarkers of inflammation, thrombosis, and cell adhesion relative to nonusers, but with distinct profiles. E-cigarette user sera had higher concentrations of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) ligands S100A8 and HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1) than smoker and nonuser sera, and receptor for advanced glycation end product inhibition reduced permeability induced by e-cigarette user sera but did not affect NO production.

Conclusions:
Chronic vaping and smoking both impair FMD and cause changes in the blood that inhibit endothelial NO release. Vaping, but not smoking, causes changes in the blood that increase microvascular endothelial permeability and may have a vaping-specific effect on intracellular oxidative state. Our results suggest a role for RAGE in e-cigarette-induced changes in endothelial function.
Length of Anticoagulation in Provoked Venous Thromboembolism: A Multicenter Study of How Real‐World Practice Mirrors Guideline Recommendations
Authors: Joyce Elizabeth , Haymart Brian , Kong Xiaowen , Ali Mona A. , Carrigan Mara , Kaatz Scott , Shah Vinay , Kline‐Rogers Eva , Kozlowski Jay , Froehlich James B. , Barnes Geoffrey D. 
Published: October 2022

Background
For more than a decade, guidelines have recommended a limited 3 months of anticoagulation for the treatment of provoked venous thromboembolism (VTE). How closely real‐world practice follows guideline recommendations is not well described.

Methods and Results

In our multicenter, retrospective cohort study, we evaluated trends in anticoagulation duration for patients enrolled in the MAQI
2
(Michigan Anticoagulation Quality Improvement Initiative) registry who were receiving anticoagulation for a provoked VTE. The MAQI
2
registry comprises 6 centers in Michigan that manage patients' long‐term anticoagulation. We identified 474 patients on warfarin and 302 patients on direct oral anticoagulants who were receiving anticoagulation for a primary indication of provoked VTE between 2008 and 2020. Using a predefined threshold of 120 days (3 months plus a buffer period), predictors of extended anticoagulant use were identified using multivariable logistic regression. Most patients received >120 days of anticoagulation, regardless of which medication was used. The median (25th–75th percentile) length of treatment for patients taking warfarin was 142 (91–234) days and for direct oral anticoagulants was 180 (101–360) days. Recurrent VTE (odds ratio [OR], 2.75 [95% CI, 1.67–4.53]), history of myocardial infarction (OR, 3.92 [95% CI, 1.32–11.7]), and direct oral anticoagulant rather than warfarin use (OR, 2.22 [95% CI, 1.59–3.08]) were independently associated with prolonged anticoagulation.

Conclusions
In our cohort of patients with provoked VTE, most patients received anticoagulation for longer than the guideline‐recommended 3 months. This demonstrates a potential opportunity to improve care delivery and reduce anticoagulant‐associated bleeding risk.
Early Midlife Cardiovascular Health Influences Future HDL Metrics in Women: The SWAN HDL Study
Authors: Nasr Alexis , Matthews Karen A. , Brooks Maria M. , Barinas‐Mitchell Emma , Orchard Trevor , Billheimer Jeff , Wang Norman C. , McConnell Dan , Rader Daniel J. , El Khoudary Samar R. 
Published: October 2022

Background
Utility of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) in assessing the antiatherogenic properties of HDL may be limited in midlife women. Novel metrics of HDL function, lipid contents, and subclasses may better reflect the atheroprotective capacities of HDL, supporting the need to evaluate how cardiovascular health affects these metrics in women. We assessed the relationship of early midlife Life's Simple 7 (LS7) score and its health behavior components with future HDL function (HDL–cholesterol efflux capacity), HDL‐phospholipid, HDL‐triglyceride, HDL particles (HDL‐P) and size, and the relationship between LS7 score and changes in HDL metrics over time.

Methods and Results
We analyzed 529 women (baseline age: 46.4 [2.6] years, 57% White) from the SWAN HDL (Study of Women's Health Across the Nation HDL) study who had baseline LS7 followed by future repeated HDL metrics. Multivariable linear mixed models were used. Higher LS7 score was associated with favorable future HDL profile (higher HDL‐phospholipid, total HDL‐P and large HDL‐P, lower HDL‐triglyceride, and larger overall HDL size). Ideal body mass index was associated with higher HDL–cholesterol efflux capacity, HDL‐phospholipid, and large HDL‐P, lower HDL‐triglyceride and small HDL‐P, and larger overall HDL size. Ideal physical activity was associated with higher HDL‐phospholipid, and total, large, and medium HDL‐P. Ideal smoking was associated with less HDL‐triglycerides. Diet was not related to HDL metrics. Higher LS7 score and ideal body mass index were associated with slower progression of HDL size over time.

Conclusions
Novel HDL metrics may better reflect the clinical utility of HDL. Improving lifestyle at midlife, particularly maintaining ideal body mass index, is associated with better future HDL phenotype.
Circulating Androgen Concentrations and Risk of Incident Heart Failure in Older Men: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Authors: Njoroge Joyce N. , Tressel William , Biggs Mary L. , Matsumoto Alvin M. , Smith Nicholas L. , Rosenberg Emily , Hirsch Calvin H. , Gottdiener John S. , Mukamal Kenneth J. , Kizer Jorge R. 
Published: October 2022

Background
Circulating androgen concentrations in men decline with age and have been linked to diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). A similar relationship has been reported for low total testosterone and incident heart failure (HF) but remains unstudied for free testosterone or the more potent androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT). We hypothesized that total/free testosterone are inversely related, sex hormone–binding globulin is positively related, and total/free DHT bear a U‐shaped relationship with incident HF.

Methods and Results
In a sample of men from the CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study) without atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or HF, serum testosterone and DHT concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, and sex hormone–binding globulin by immunoassay. Free testosterone or DHT was calculated from total testosterone or total DHT, sex hormone–binding globulin, and albumin. We used Cox regression to estimate relative risks of HF after adjustment for potential confounders. In 1061 men (aged 76±5 years) followed for a median of 9.6 years, there were 368 HF events. After adjustment, lower calculated free testosterone was significantly associated with higher risk of HF (hazard ratio [HR], 1.14 [95% CI, 1.01–1.28]). Risk estimates for total testosterone (HR, 1.12 [95% CI, 0.99–1.26]), total DHT (HR, 1.10 [95% CI, 0.97–1.24]), calculated free dihydrotestosterone (HR, 1.09 [95% CI, 0.97–1.23]), and sex hormone–binding globulin (HR, 1.07 [95% CI, 0.95–1.21]) were directionally similar but not statistically significant.

Conclusions
Calculated free testosterone was inversely associated with incident HF, suggesting a contribution of testosterone deficiency to HF incidence among older men. Additional research is necessary to determine whether testosterone replacement therapy might be an effective strategy to lower HF risk in older men.
Skeletal morphology and fluctuating asymmetry of the European green toad, Bufotes viridis, in contrasting habitats
Authors: Vargová Viktória , Balogová Monika , Figurová Mária , Bočkay Andrej , Pipová Natália , Kaňuch Peter , Uhrin Marcel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Current environment changes and global amphibian decline suggest specific responses assuming urbanisation potential of the species. Amphibians are generally considered to be suitable bio-indicators of environmental health due to their ecological requirements. Therefore, fluctuating asymmetry (FA), a measure of small random deviations from bilateral symmetry is used for assessing morphological disruptions and parallelly the environment health. We measured the snout-vent length and lengths of five skeletal traits of limbs (humerus, radioulna, femur, tibiofibula, calcaneus) among the five European green toad populations from two contrasting habitats (urban and rural). We did not confirm our hypothesis that urban populations would exhibit higher level of FA as an indicator of higher environmental stress comparing to rural populations. However, asymmetry measured on forelimb bones was significantly larger than on hindlimbs. In addition, one urban population had significantly longer limbs comparing to the other sites.
Self, World, and God in Michel Henry and Dumitru Stăniloae
Authors: Nemes Steven 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Christianity proposes that God can be accessed both in the subjectivity of the human self and in the World. This admittedly strange idea can be understood by drawing certain insights from Michel Henry and Dumitru Stăniloae. For Henry, the connection between God and the human self in subjectivity is understood as the generation of the human as a living self in the absolute Life which is God. For Stăniloae, the connection between God and the World is understood through the interpretation of the cosmos as an intelligible medium by which the dialog between God and the human being takes place. These two thinkers have certain lacunae, but their proposals can be fruitfully combined through the supposition that the World is the “body” of God, i.e. His inner life as seen from the outside.
Methodological Atheism Considered
Authors: DeLay Steven 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Thirty years after the publication of Dominique Janicaud’s criticism of what he termed the “theological turn” of phenomenology in France, what is the state of the debate? This paper addresses that question, by examining the phenomenology of revelation in Marion, Lacoste, and others, in turn replying to various arguments that have been advanced against the theological turn and on behalf of methodological atheism. Not only is revelation a viable topic of phenomenological analysis, the attempts to formulate a methodologically atheist phenomenology fail.
Fantastic Fountains and Where to Find Them: A Re-examination of the Textual and Material Evidence on Liquid Architecture from the Medieval Islamicate World
Authors: Broilo Federica A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Tracking the circulation and exchange of ideas, models, and technology in the Mediterranean during the Middle Ages allows for easier comparison between cultural systems, and although different, were not kept in sealed boxes. This is undoubtedly the case with zoomorphic fountains in Byzantium and the Islamicate Mediterranean. Much has been written on the history of fountains from varying perspectives, resulting in literature that is comprehensive and diverse. However, this contribution uniquely employs sources never used before, including poetry, tales from The Arabian Nights, and other fantastic literature, to understand better fountains and their zoomorphic fountainheads, and present a fresh perspective on the subject.
An Interdisciplinary Approach to Evaluate Public Comprehension of the “Cone of Uncertainty” Graphic
Authors: Evans Scotney D. , Broad Kenneth , Cairo Alberto , Majumdar Sharanya J. , McNoldy Brian D. , Millet Barbara , Rauk Leigh 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The accurate interpretation of hurricane risk graphics is expected to benefit public decision-making. To investigate public interpretation and suggest improvements to graphical designs, an interdisciplinary, mixed-methods approach is being undertaken. Drawing on a series of focus groups with Miami residents that focused on understanding interpretations of the National Hurricane Center’s (NHC) track forecast cone or “Cone of Uncertainty,” we developed an online survey targeting a much larger sample of Florida residents (n = 2,847). The findings from this survey are the primary focus of this short article. We attempt to answer three questions: 1) What are the most frequent and trusted sources of information that Florida residents use when they learn that a hurricane is coming their way? 2) How accurately are Florida residents able to interpret risk based on the NHC Cone of Uncertainty graphic? 3) What is the relationship, if any, between the number of correct interpretations and income, age, education, housing location, housing type, or “most trusted” sources of information? Unlike previous public surveys that focused more on evacuation decisions, forecast usage, and perception of hurricane risk, our approach specifically pays attention to the details of design elements of the forecast graphics with the long-term goal of minimizing misinterpretation of future graphics. Our analysis suggests that many residents have difficulty interpreting several aspects, suggesting a rethink on how to graphically communicate aspects such as uncertainty, the size of the storm, areas of likely damage, watches and warnings, and wind intensity categories. Graphical communication strategies need to be revised to better support the different ways in which people understand forecast products, and these strategies should be tested for validity in real world settings.
Causes of the Extreme Drought in Late Summer–Autumn 2019 in Eastern China and Its Future Risk
Authors: Chen Lin , Li Yuqing , Ge Zi-An , Lu Bo , Wang Lu , Wei Xiaojun , Sun Ming , Wang Ziyue , Li Tim , Luo Jing-Jia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Eastern China (EC) suffered an extreme drought with long-lasting duration and record-breaking intensity in late summer–autumn 2019. Our diagnosed results show that the central Pacific (CP) El Niño, in tandem with warm sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) over the Kuroshio Extension (KE) region, induces the meridionally elongated cyclonic circulation anomalies stretching from the western North Pacific (WNP) to the Yellow Sea. Its western flank corresponds to overwhelming low-level northerly wind anomalies over EC, which result in deficient moisture and anomalous descent over EC and hence cause the extreme drought in 2019. To investigate the relative contributions of SSTAs over different regions, we performed sensitivity experiments, and analyzed the relationship between extreme drought like what occurred in 2019 (a 2019Drought-like event) and the SSTAs in CMIP6 historical simulations. Modeling evidences reveal that both warm SSTAs over the central equatorial Pacific and the KE region are indispensable for shaping the meridionally elongated cyclone anomaly. Specifically, the cyclone anomaly over the WNP induced by CP El Niño aligns with the cyclone anomaly over the Yellow Sea induced by the warm SSTAs over the KE region, merging into a meridionally stretched cyclone anomaly to the east of EC. Consequently, the northerly anomalies stretch across EC, leading to unfavorable atmospheric conditions and the rainfall deficit there. Projection results show that the occurrence probability of a 2019Drought-like event will increase by 20% (decrease by 40%–50%) under a high (medium-low) emission scenario compared to present-day climate, indicating the nonlinear response of extreme drought to different emission scenarios and the urgency of carbon emission reduction.

Significance Statement
An extreme drought hit the Eastern China (EC) region in 2019 and caused tremendous losses. This study proposed that both the 2019 CP El Niño and the warm SST anomalies over the Kuroshio Extension (KE) region induce the meridionally elongated circulation anomalies and the resultant extreme drought. We showed that the typical circulation anomalies induced by central Pacific (CP) El Niño cannot totally explain the meridionally elongated circulation anomalies in 2019. Our modeling evidences confirmed the indispensable role of warm SST anomalies over KE region in the 2019 extreme drought’s formation. The projection results show that extreme drought like that in 2019 will occur more (less) frequently under a high (medium-low) emission scenario compared to modern-day level, indicating the urgency of carbon emission reduction.
To the Origin of a Wintertime Screen-Level Temperature Bias at High Altitude in a Kilometric NWP Model
Authors: Gouttevin Isabelle , Vionnet Vincent , Seity Yann , Boone Aaron , Lafaysse Matthieu , Deliot Yannick , Merzisen Hugo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
High-resolution numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems present a strong potential to provide meteorological information in alpine terrain for diverse applications. However, they still suffer from biases highly detrimental for practical purposes. In this study, we investigate the origin of a significant wintertime screen-level temperature bias in forecasts of the AROME-France NWP system in high-altitude, snow-covered alpine terrain. For this purpose, a thorough set of meteorological and snow observations from two high-altitude instrumental sites is used. Targeted numerical simulations are carried out to disentangle the contributions to this bias coming from atmospheric fields, from the snow scheme, and from the coupling between the snowpack and the atmosphere. At both sites, the wind speed and incoming longwave radiation appear significantly negatively biased in AROME in the winter season. Using targeted offline simulations, we show that the simulation errors in these screen-level fields contribute to an average of 67% of the screen-level temperature bias of AROME, while the contribution of errors in the incoming shortwave radiation is negligible. Additionally, the screen-level temperature of AROME is not majorly impacted by changes in the complexity and especially the vertical layering of the snow model. However, it appears particularly sensitive to the parameterization of turbulent fluxes in stable conditions. Evidence suggest that these findings could at least partially be generalized to the whole AROME-France alpine domain. Hence, reducing the high-altitude, winter screen-level temperature bias in AROME may in great part proceed from improving the simulation of atmospheric fields and eliminating some bias compensations in the model.
Reabsorption of Lee-Wave Energy in Bottom-Intensified Currents
Authors: Wu Yue , Kunze Eric , Tandon Amit , Mahadevan Amala 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
While lee-wave generation has been argued to be a major sink for the 1-TW wind work on the ocean’s circulation, microstructure measurements in the Antarctic Circumpolar Currents find dissipation rates as much as an order of magnitude weaker than linear lee-wave generation predictions in bottom-intensified currents. Wave action conservation suggests that a substantial fraction of lee-wave radiation can be reabsorbed into bottom-intensified flows. Numerical simulations are conducted here to investigate generation, reabsorption, and dissipation of internal lee waves in a bottom-intensified, laterally confined jet that resembles a localized abyssal current over bottom topography. For the case of monochromatic topography with |kU0| ≈ 0.9N, where k is the along-stream topographic wavenumber, |U0| is the near-bottom flow speed, and N is the buoyancy frequency; Reynolds-decomposed energy conservation is consistent with linear wave action conservation predictions that only 14% of lee-wave generation is dissipated, with the bulk of lee-wave energy flux reabsorbed by the bottom-intensified flow. Thus, water column reabsorption needs to be taken into account as a possible mechanism for reducing the lee-wave dissipative sink for balanced circulation.