bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Rolle des Internets als medizinische Informationsquelle für orthopädische Patienten
Authors: Hertling Stefan , Matziolis Georg , Graul Isabel 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungEinführungDer Vormarsch der digitalen Revolution im Medizin- und Gesundheitsbereich wird als „e-health“ bezeichnet. Das Internet dient als digitale Gesundheitsinformationsplattform, da eine medizinische Informationsquelle unverzichtbar ist. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, orthopädische Patienten auf ihr Informationsverhalten über ihre Erkrankungen zu untersuchen. Dabei werden die Rolle und Bedeutung des Internets als informative Gesundheitsanwendung für diese Patienten beleuchtet.Materialen und MethodenGrundlage dieser prospektiven Querschnittsstudie war eine Patientenbefragung in Deutschland bei orthopädischen Patienten von Juli 2019 bis Juli 2020. Es wurden deskriptive Statistiken berechnet und Regressionsanalysen durchgeführt, um Zusammenhänge aufzuzeigen.ErgebnisseWir analysierten die Antworten von 1262 orthopädischen Patienten. Die meisten von ihnen nutzen das Internet als digitale Gesundheitsinformationsplattform. Ihre Internetkenntnisse bewerteten die Patienten unabhängig von Alter oder Bildungsstand als gut bis sehr gut. Die meisten Befragten gaben an, dass sie derzeit mindestens einmal pro Woche das Internet nutzen, um sich über ihre orthopädische Erkrankung zu informieren. Patienten berichteten, dass sich ihre Einstellung zum Internet als digitale medizinische Informationsquelle positiv verändert und dessen Nutzung in den letzten 12 Monaten zugenommen hat.SchlussfolgerungDas Internet als informative digitale Gesundheitsanwendung in der Orthopädie wird intensiv genutzt und von den Patienten weitgehend akzeptiert. Während das Misstrauen gegenüber orthopädischen Gesundheitsinformationen aus dem Internet abgenommen hat, stieg aus Patientensicht das Vertrauen in digitale Gesundheitsinformationsplattformen. Das Internet wurde neben der ärztlichen Beratung als hilfreiche Gesundheitsinformationsplattform gesehen.
Solving continuous set covering problems by means of semi-infinite optimization
Authors: Krieg Helene , Seidel Tobias , Schwientek Jan , Küfer Karl-Heinz 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article introduces the new class of continuous set covering problems. These optimization problems result, among others, from product portfolio design tasks with products depending continuously on design parameters and the requirement that the product portfolio satisfies customer specifications that are provided as a compact set. We show that the problem can be formulated as semi-infinite optimization problem (SIP). Yet, the inherent non-smoothness of the semi-infinite constraint function hinders the straightforward application of standard methods from semi-infinite programming. We suggest an algorithm combining adaptive discretization of the infinite index set and replacement of the non-smooth constraint function by a two-parametric smoothing function. Under few requirements, the algorithm converges and the distance of a current iterate can be bounded in terms of the discretization and smoothing error. By means of a numerical example from product portfolio optimization, we demonstrate that the proposed algorithm only needs relatively few discretization points and thus keeps the problem dimensions small.
Spatial shifts in swiping actions, the impact of “left” and “right” verbalizations
Authors: Olthuis Raimey , van der Kamp John , Lemmink Koen , Caljouw Simone 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMovements are often modulated by the meaning of cue words. We explore the interaction between verbal and visual constraints during a movement by investigating if spoken words during movement execution bias late movement control of swiping actions on a tablet when vision of the target is removed during the movement. Verbalization trials required participants to vocalize the spatial directions ‘LEFT’, ‘MIDDLE’, or ‘RIGHT’ of the active target, relative to the other presented targets. A late influence of semantics emerged on movement execution in verbalized trials with action endpoints landing more in the direction of the spoken word than without verbalization. The emergence of the semantic effect as the movement progresses reflects the temporal unfolding of the visual and verbal constraints during the swiping action. Comparing our current results with a similar task using a variant verbalization, we also conclude that, larger semantic content effects are found with spatial direction than numerical magnitude verbalization.
Pulmonary cement embolism is frequently observed but not a contributing factor for death in patients with cemented total hip and knee arthroplasty: a postmortem study
Authors: Ritter Jacob , Hubert Jan , Kniep Inga , Beil Frank Timo , Rolvien Tim , Püschel Klaus 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Bone cement is frequently used for implant fixation in orthopaedic surgery. The occurrence of pulmonary cement embolism (PCE) in hip and knee arthroplasty has been described previously, but the exact extent and frequency have not been adequately studied. A postmortem cohort provides a unique opportunity for a more detailed analysis of this phenomenon.

Methods
Through retrospective analysis of whole-body computed tomography (CT) scans and autopsy protocols, we identified 67 cases with previous cemented total hip or knee arthroplasties. A grading system originally developed for PCE after cemented spine procedures was used. Findings were compared with two control groups: 35 individuals with previous cementless total joint arthroplasty as well as 25 individuals without evidence of prostheses.

Results
PCE was detected in 46.3% of the cases: grade 1 (31.3%), grade 2 (10.5%), and grade 3 (4.5%). No statistically significant difference was found between hip and knee arthroplasties in terms of PCE frequency. Importantly, none of the autopsy reports listed PCE as a cause of death or a contributing factor for the patients’ death. In the two control groups, only one case per group was classified as grade 1 PCE, while the remaining cases did not show any evidence of PCE.

Conclusion
The presented data reveal a high frequency of PCE in hip and knee arthroplasties, which is almost identical to previous findings in patients with cement-augmented interventions in the spine. This way, our results underline the relevance of PCE after arthroplasty, suggesting an adaptation of surgical methods to minimize this complication.
A Pragmatic Approach for Developing Landbase Cumulative Effects Assessments with Aggregated Impacts Crossing Multiple Ecological Values
Authors: Sutherland Glenn D. , Smith Jason , Louise Waterhouse F. , Saunders Sari C. , Paige Kathy 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn strategic cumulative effects assessments, significant methodological challenges exist for classifying and aggregating impacts when using multiple indicators to determine relative risks upon ecological values from anthropogenic developments. We present a strategic spatial modeling case study CEA (2012–2112) in a 909,000 ha forested landscape of Southwestern British Columbia. We explore decisions needed to calculate and aggregate modeled indicators of cumulative anthropogenic footprints on landscape conditions by examining the choice of quantitative methods. We compare how aggregated impact conclusions may differ for seven indicators grouped in two ways to represent three ecological values (Forest Ecosystems, Riparian Ecosystems and Species at Risk): four expert-defined policy-driven valued components (VCs) or three analytically derived environmental resource factors (ERFs). By explicitly demonstrating methodological choices at each step of impact estimation and aggregation, we outline a practical systematic approach to customize strategic CEAs of this type and retain transparency for interpreting impacts among values. Aggregated impacts for VCs appeared dominated by those estimated from “condition” indicators describing the degree of expected deviations in indicator states from desired conditions; aggregated impacts of ERFs were dominated by “pressure” indicators linked to underlying causal processes assumed important for describing changes in future ecological conditions. High spatial congruence occurred between impact statements for some VCs compared to ERFs representing the same ecological value; poor congruence between others likely occurred because they represented different ecological processes. Aggregated impact classifications may usefully signal impact severity and risk but are dependent on indicator grouping, hence choices for aggregation are integral to the assessment process.
Effects of grid spacing on high-frequency precipitation variance in coupled high-resolution global ocean–atmosphere models
Authors: Light Charles X. , Arbic Brian K. , Martin Paige E. , Brodeau Laurent , Farrar J. Thomas , Griffies Stephen M. , Kirtman Ben P. , Laurindo Lucas C. , Menemenlis Dimitris , Molod Andrea , Nelson Arin D. , Nyadjro Ebenezer , O’Rourke Amanda K. , Shriver Jay F. , Siqueira Leo , Small R. Justin , Strobach Ehud 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHigh-frequency precipitation variance is calculated in 12 different free-running (non-data-assimilative) coupled high resolution atmosphere–ocean model simulations, an assimilative coupled atmosphere–ocean weather forecast model, and an assimilative reanalysis. The results are compared with results from satellite estimates of precipitation and rain gauge observations. An analysis of irregular sub-daily fluctuations, which was applied by Covey et al. (Geophys Res Lett 45:12514–12522, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL078926) to satellite products and low-resolution climate models, is applied here to rain gauges and higher-resolution models. In contrast to lower-resolution climate simulations, which Covey et al. (2018) found to be lacking with respect to variance in irregular sub-daily fluctuations, the highest-resolution simulations examined here display an irregular sub-daily fluctuation variance that lies closer to that found in satellite products. Most of the simulations used here cannot be analyzed via the Covey et al. (2018) technique, because they do not output precipitation at sub-daily intervals. Thus the remainder of the paper focuses on frequency power spectral density of precipitation and on cumulative distribution functions over time scales (2–100 days) that are still relatively “high-frequency” in the context of climate modeling. Refined atmospheric or oceanic model grid spacing is generally found to increase high-frequency precipitation variance in simulations, approaching the values derived from observations. Mesoscale-eddy-rich ocean simulations significantly increase precipitation variance only when the atmosphere grid spacing is sufficiently fine (< 0.5°). Despite the improvements noted above, all of the simulations examined here suffer from the “drizzle effect”, in which precipitation is not temporally intermittent to the extent found in observations.
Diagnostic value of open incisional biopsies in suspected, difficult-to-diagnose periprosthetic hip joint infection prior to revision surgery
Authors: Simon M. J. K. , Beyersdorff J. , Strahl A. , Rolvien T. , Rüther W. , Niemeier Andreas 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Prior to revision of total hip arthroplasty (THA), low-grade chronic periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is often difficult to diagnose. We aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of open incisional tissue biopsy for the prediction of PJI prior to THA revision in cases with culture-negative or dry tap joint aspirates.

Materials and methods
This retrospective single-center study includes 32 consecutive THA revision cases with high clinical suspicion of low-grade chronic PJI of the hip with culture-negative or dry tap joint aspirates and without systemic signs of infection. Open incisional biopsy (OIB) was performed prior to revision surgery. Periprosthetic tissue samples were analyzed by microbiology and histopathology for PJI. During definitive revision arthroplasty, identical diagnostics were repeated. Results from both procedures were compared and sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of OIB for the final diagnosis were calculated.

Results
Average age at revision was 69.3 ± 13.5 years. The sensitivity of the OIB procedure was 80% (microbiology), 69% (histology) and 82% for combined analyses (microbiology and histology). Specificity of OIB was 80% (microbiology), 94% (histology) and 60% for combined analyses.

Conclusions
Open tissue biopsy performed in cases with culture-negative or inconclusive synovial fluid aspirates prior to revision of THA has limited diagnostic accuracy for the prediction of PJI. The procedure does not reliably close the diagnostic gap in a substantial number of cases. In this difficult patient population, risk of an open procedure may outweigh benefits and alternative less invasive methods should be considered for the preoperative diagnosis of PJI.
Identifying Patients with Group 3 Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with COPD or ILD Using an Administrative Claims Database
Authors: Heresi Gustavo A. , Dean Bonnie B. , Castillo Howard , Lee Henry F. , Classi Peter , Stafkey-Mailey Dana , Kantorovich Alexander , Morland Kellie , Sketch Margaret R. , Wu Benjamin S. , King Christopher S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Group 3 pulmonary hypertension (PH) describes a subpopulation of patients with PH due to chronic lung disease and/or hypoxia, with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and interstitial lung disease (ILD) being two large subgroups. Claims database studies provide insights into the real-world treatment patterns and outcomes among these patients. However, claims data do not provide sufficient detail to assign the clinical subtype of PH required for identifying these patients.

Methods
A panel of PH clinical experts and researchers was convened to discuss methodologies to identify patients with Group 3 PH associated with COPD or ILD in retrospective claims databases. To inform the discussion, a literature review was conducted to identify claims-based studies of Group 3 PH associated with COPD or ILD published from 2010 through June 2020.

Results
Targeted title and abstract review identified 11 claims-based studies and two conference abstracts (eight based in the United States [US] and five conducted outside the US) that met search criteria. Based on insights from the panel and literature review, the following components were detailed across studies in the identification of Group 3 PH associated with COPD and ILD: (a) COPD or ILD identification, (b) PH identification, (c) defining the sequence between COPD/ILD and PH, and (d) other PH Group and Group 3 PH exclusions.

Conclusion
This article provides recommended approaches and considerations for identifying and studying patients with Group 3 PH associated with COPD or ILD using administrative claims data that provide the foundation for future validation studies.
Novel hybrid informational model for predicting the creep and shrinkage deflection of reinforced concrete beams containing GGBFS
Authors: Faridmehr Iman , Shariq Mohd , Plevris Vagelis , Aalimahmoody Nasrin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study investigates a Novel Hybrid Informational model for the prediction of creep and shrinkage deflection of reinforced concrete (RC) beams containing different percentages of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) at different ages, varying from 1 to 150 days. The percentage of cement replacement by GGBFS varies from 20 to 60%. In order to examine the effects of the applied load and tensile reinforcement on creep behavior, the magnitude of two-point loading was varied from 200 kg to a maximum of 350 kg while the percentage of tensile reinforcement (ρ) was selected as either 0.77% or 1.2%. The current situation about short-term and long-term deflections due to creep and shrinkage available in the international standards, including ACI, BS and Eurocode 2, is discussed. The results indicate that RC beams containing GGBFS have larger deflections than the ones with conventional concrete (i.e., ordinary Portland cement concrete). After 150 days, the average creep deflection of RC beams containing 20, 40, and 60% GGBFS was 30, 70, and 100% higher than the ones for conventional concrete beams, respectively. A hybrid artificial neural network coupled with a metaheuristic Whale optimization algorithm has been developed to estimate the overall deflection of concrete beams due to creep and shrinkage. Several statistical metrics, including the root mean square error and the coefficient of variation, revealed that the generalized model achieved the most reliable and accurate prediction of the concrete beam’s deflection in comparison with international standards and other models. This novel informational model can simplify the design processes in computational intelligence structural design platforms in future.
The contralateral progression in a cohort of Chinese adult patients with unilateral moyamoya disease after revascularization: a single-center long-term retrospective study
Authors: Tian Xiao , Hu Miao , Zhang Jianjian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a chronic progressive cerebrovascular disease mainly existing in the Asian population, which can be divided into unilateral and bilateral types. Contralateral progression has been reported in pediatric patients with unilateral MMD, while large series about contralateral progression in Chinese adult patients were rare. The goal of this study is to elucidate the clinical features and incidence of contralateral progression in Chinese MMD adult patients.

Methods
One hundred one Chinese adult patients with unilateral MMD who received surgery treatments between January 2015 and January 2017 in our hospital were enrolled in this study. This study contained 89 patients. Digital subtraction angiography was performed in all patients for initial diagnosis, and magnetic resonance angiography was repeated 6 months from the initial operation and then annually. Clinical characteristics, contralateral progression, and risk factors were studied. Previous related studies were also reviewed and meta-analyzed.

Results
Of these 89 patients, contralateral progression was identified in 8 patients (9.0%) within a median follow-up period of 63 months, which was lower than that in previous studies (25.9%). Single-factor analysis and multivariate analysis did not reveal significant risk factors related to the contralateral progression.

Conclusion
The progress rate in this cohort of Chinese adult patients with unilateral MMD after revascularization was 9.0%, which indicates that some of the unilateral MMD were an early form of bilateral MMD rather than a separate condition.
Trial registration.
This work was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University (approval number: Kelun-2017005).
Karst aquifers and water resource contamination in Haiti
Authors: Wampler Peter J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractShallow alluvial and karst aquifers and widespread inadequate sanitation practices combine to impact water resources in Haiti. The vulnerability of aquifers is complicated by complex cultural, ecological, geological, hydrological, and hydrogeological considerations. Roughly 84% of the rocks exposed in Haiti consist of calcareous rocks and alluvium. These lithologies serve as an efficient reservoir and transport mechanism for water-borne pathogens, which negatively impact the health of many Haitians. Data from 9,837 water points indicate that 75% of the water sources in the Centre, 55% in the Nord (North), and 12% in the Ouest (West) departments are considered unsafe or high risk based on World Health Organization standards. Inadequate sanitation and, in some cases, improper siting and installation of pit latrines contribute to poor water quality. Numerous safe-water intervention technologies exist and are effective at removing pathogens that contaminate water sources; however, many Haitians lack the means to obtain these solutions. Future regional precipitation and climate trends will have important implications for selecting appropriate water sources and safe-water interventions. Additional efforts to collect and compile regional water quality data are needed to better understand country-wide contamination trends and patterns.
Risk-neutral PDE-constrained generalized Nash equilibrium problems
Authors: Gahururu Deborah B. , Hintermüller Michael , Surowiec Thomas M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA class of risk-neutral generalized Nash equilibrium problems is introduced in which the feasible strategy set of each player is subject to a common linear elliptic partial differential equation with random inputs. In addition, each player’s actions are taken from a bounded, closed, and convex set on the individual strategies and a bound constraint on the common state variable. Existence of Nash equilibria and first-order optimality conditions are derived by exploiting higher integrability and regularity of the random field state variables and a specially tailored constraint qualification for GNEPs with the assumed structure. A relaxation scheme based on the Moreau-Yosida approximation of the bound constraint is proposed, which ultimately leads to numerical algorithms for the individual player problems as well as the GNEP as a whole. The relaxation scheme is related to probability constraints and the viability of the proposed numerical algorithms are demonstrated via several examples.
Joint-preservation surgery for bone sarcoma in adolescents and young adults
Authors: Yamamoto Norio , Araki Yoshihiro , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBone sarcoma often occurs in childhood, as well as in adolescents and young adults (AYAs). AYAs differ from pediatric patients in that their bone is skeletally mature and the physis has almost disappeared with the completion of growth. Although AYAs spend less time outside, they often participate in sports activities, as well as driving, working, and raising a family, which are natural activities in daily living. Multidisciplinary approaches involving imaging, multi-agent chemotherapy, surgical procedures, and careful postoperative care has facilitated an increase in limb-sparing surgery for bone sarcoma. In addition, recent advances in imaging modalities and surgical techniques enables joint-preservation surgery, preserving the adjacent epiphysis, for selected patients following the careful assessment of the tumor margins and precise tumor excision. An advantage of this type of surgery is that it retains the native function of the adjacent joint, which differs from joint-prosthesis replacement, and provides excellent limb function. Various reconstruction procedures are available for joint-preserving surgery, including allograft, vascularized fibula graft, distraction osteogenesis, and tumor-devitalized autografts. However, procedure-related complications may occur, including non-union, infection, fracture, and implant failure, and surgeons should fully understand the advantages and disadvantages of these procedures. The longevity of the normal limb function for natural activities and the curative treatment without debilitation from late toxicities should be considered as a treatment goal for AYA patients. This review discusses the concept of joint-preservation surgery, types of reconstruction procedures associated with joint-preservation surgery, and current treatment outcomes.