bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Book Heritage in Monasteries: The State of Monastic Libraries in Switzerland
Authors: Holenstein A. 
Published: May 2022

Today, there are 65 active monasteries in Switzerland that were founded before 1800. They include women’s and men’s convents of 13 different orders of the Roman Catholic Church. These monasteries preserve a significant part of the written cultural heritage (manuscripts and prints) in Switzerland. Almost all monasteries are facing great challenges because of today’s major social and structural changes, which also have an impact on the book heritage of religious communities. The project Handbook of Monastic Libraries in Switzerland intends to create a survey of the current state of Swiss monastic libraries. The articles of this handbook describe the scope, content, condition and challenges of all monastic libraries. Well-known abbeys such as Einsiedeln, Engelberg or Saint Maurice as well as a large number of smaller women’s monasteries with less renowned book collections will be covered. The handbook aims at raising awareness for the preservation of monastic book heritage among politicians and the public.The paper will present first results from the work on the Handbook of Monastic Libraries in Switzerland and provide insight into actual conservation issues and research opportunities in Swiss monastic libraries.
Desain Pitch Angle dengan Tunning Bat Algorithm (BA) pada Wind Turbine Menggunakan PID Controller
Authors: Rukslin  , Ali Machrus 
Published: April 2022

Peningkatan pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional berdampak pada meningkatnya konsumsi listrik di Indonesia setiap tahunnya. Bila dalam penyediaan listrik kurang terpenuhi dan tidak sejalan dengan kebutuhan masyarakat yang begitu besar maka akan menjadi masalah. Negara harus memenuhi tuntutan kebutuhan energi listrik yang terus-menerus dan berkualitas. Secara umum batu bara merupakan sumber energy primer yang digunakan sebagai bahan dasar pembangkit listrik yang beroperasi di Indonesia, batu bara merupakan sember energi fosil yang tidak bisa di perbaharui dan suatu saat akan mengalami pengurangan, maka dari itu sember energi alternatif untuk pembangkit listrik perlu dipikirkan. Sumber energi alternatif misalnya energi matahari, energi bio gas, energi aliran Air, energi angin. Angin merupakan sumber daya alam yang dapat diperbaharui, dengan menggunakan prinsip konversi energi yaitu dengan mengkonversi energi angin menjadi energi listrik. Kendali cerdas berbasis Artificial Intelligent (AI) banyak berkembang untuk memperbaiki kendali konvensional untuk mengontrol agar tegangan keluaran selalu berada dinilai konstan pada beban yang berubah-rubah. Dari uji coba yang dilakukan hasil running program bahwa sistem tunning menggunakan metode BA didapatkan nilai torsi yang paling optimal dan stabil yaitu sebesar 1.04 – 4.75 Nm A_Peak jika dibandingkan dengan metode PID standar dan PID_ZN
Planning and Manufacturing of Four Axis Solar Panels With Reflector Angle Adjustments
Authors: Ulum Miftachul , Adi Kurniawan Saputro  , Koko Joni  , Riza Alfita  , Rosida Vivin Nahari  , Siti A’isya  , Achmad Ubaidillah  
Published: April 2022

Solar thermal energy is one type of renewable energy, so this type of energy can be converted into other energy. This study uses a four-axis solar tracker with angle settings on the reflector to get optimal sunlight, scanning to determine the optimal lighting angle, measurement results are stored in real-time in the data logger. This study uses an LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) as a sunlight detector, equipped with several sensors, namely: current, voltage and power sensor (INA219), light sensor (MAX4409), and temperature sensor (DS18B20), and reflector angle as a parameter of solar efficiency panels. . The results showed that a four-axis solar tracker equipped with a reflector was able to increase the output power. The maximum power production produced by solar panels is: At a reflector angle of 300, the maximum power generated by a static panel is 143.43 W while a solar tracker is 175.15 W. At a reflector angle of 450 the maximum power generated by a static panel is 170.01 W and solar tracker 236.36 W. At an angled reflector of 600 the full power generated by a static panel is 87.77 W, and a solar tracker is 123.36 W. This study concludes that a solar tracker panel with an angle setting of 300 is more capable of maximizing power output than a static solar panel.

Keyword : Solar Tracker, Four Axist, Reflektor
Analytic Solutions Help Predict Sucker-Rod-Pump Failure
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: April 2022

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 200825, “Failure Prediction for SRP Using Analytic Solutions,” by Viorica Sirghii, SPE, Rudolf Konrad Fruhwirth, and Herbert Hofstaetter, University of Leoben, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
A method for prediction of sucker-rod-pump (SRP) failure based on improved, completely connected perceptron (ICCP) artificial neural networks (ANNs) is presented. Results are compared with historical wellbore data. The validity of the ANN model is proved to meet SRP failure prediction with a ±5% error, helping identify and prevent potential damage, reduce costs and risks, and optimize production.

SRP Diagnosis
To evaluate the performance of SRPs, dynamometer cards are used. The load on the top rod is measured and plotted in relation to the polished rod position as the pumping unit moves through each stroke cycle. The result is a surface card that illustrates the polished rod load vs. position (downhole diagnostics).
To determine above-pump liquid accumulation, pump-filling efficiency, and displacement, the well’s producing and lifting efficiencies can be analyzed and quantified. Depending on the results, operational and equipment changes can be made to improve efficiency and production optimization. How the plunger picks up, holds, and releases the fluid load at each stroke can be seen in a dynamometer card’s shape. The most-common and most-harmful pump states are fluid pound, gas interference, and tagging. When the pump is not completely full, the rod string is damaged because of an excessive number of strokes.
Electric Parameters Assist Rod-Pump Condition Diagnosis, Production Metering
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: April 2022

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 204785, “Research and Application of Rod-Pump Working Condition Diagnosis and Virtual Production Metering Based on Electric Parameters,” by Ruidong Zhao, SPE, Cai Wang, and Hanjun Zhao, SPE, PetroChina, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
The conventional configurations of the Internet of Things (IoT) related to pumping wells include an electric parameter indicator and dynamometer. If working-condition diagnosis and virtual production metering of well pumping can be realized through electrical parameters, the need for dynamometers can be eliminated or reduced, with a potentially major effect on reducing investment and improving coverage of the IoT in oil wells. In the complete paper, an integrated multimodel diagnosis method is proposed. The diagnostic and virtual-production-metering method and software based on electrical parameters have been applied in many of the operator’s oil fields.

Introduction
In China, more than 90% of the more than 400,000 oil wells are sucker-rod-pump (SRP) wells. At present, with the popularity of IoT in the oil field, SRP wells have accumulated massive amounts of production and operation data such as polished rod load, displacement, and electric-motor-power parameters. The working performance diagnosis and production calculation for these wells mostly are based on dynamometer cards, whose IoT costs are relatively high and whose widespread applications are limited. In contrast, the acquisition of electric parameters is much cheaper and easier than is the case with dynamometer cards, but a lack of corresponding theories and efficient methods to make use of electric parameters persists.
If a power curve can be transformed to a dynamometer card accurately in the same well working condition, well diagnosis and production calculation can be realized by the generated card. At present, few reports on transforming power curves to dynamometer cards exist. The approach to generate a dynamometer card from an electric power curve is to convert 1D timeseries data to 2D load and displacement-series data. Building the mathematical transformation model to generate cards from power curves is difficult because of uncertainties related to pumping units during working. Thus, transformation methods, by virtue of deep learning, seem more promising—specifically, transforming electric power to dynamometer cards by deep learning.
Technology Focus: Formation Damage (March 2022)
Authors: Singh Amit 
Published: April 2022

The adage “prevention is better than cure” is the first thing we consider regarding formation damage, but how prepared are we for the treatment and cure to allow a well to perform to its full productivity or injectivity potential? And how can digital tools
be an effective enabler? Our industry has made significant progress to improve our understanding of key formation-damage mechanisms and has developed best practices of laboratory studies and data evaluation to predict the formation-damage risk. These result in the development of preventive practices during various field operation (e.g., selection of suitable and compatible drilling and completion fluid system and additives). Despite all preventive efforts, some wells still experience formation damage that necessitates remedial treatment to restore production performance.
An effective and economic treatment of formation damage is critical, and we have observed great examples in the past few years of achieving these goals through development and application of innovative solutions by our industry experts and practitioners. Some highlighted efforts are immobile proppant systems for injector wells
as damage prevention, inhibitors with extended effectiveness to provide treatment longevity, and single-step sandstone matrix acid systems for operational simplification. While these technology advancements are delivering economic and effective solutions, there is opportunity to further improve prediction, prevention, and readiness for treatment with application and support of digital tools and solutions such as the following:
- Capture and application of learnings from historical laboratory studies to improve prediction capability of potential formation damage (fluid/fluid and fluid/rock interaction on the basis of their composition)
- Real-time data analysis and faster decisions with support from artificial intelligence during field operation to prevent and treat formation damage (e.g., intelligent real-time lost-circulation-event identification during drilling)
- Integrated information collection of all well-related data from laboratory studies to field operation for well life to enable efficient identification of sources of formation damage and effective treatment selection
Enjoy the papers chosen this year, some of which highlight my comments and encourage us to be proactive—not reactive—and better prepared for formation-damage treatment and cure.
Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.
SPE 207643 - A Change Point Detection Approach for Intelligent Real-Time Identification of Lost-Circulation Events During Drilling Operations by Francesco Cannarile, Eni, et al.
SPE 199263 - Analysis of Time-Lapse Formation-Damage Evolution Throughout the Life of a Well by Sofiane Bellabiod, Sonatrach, et al.
SPE 199252 - Evaluating Formation Damage and Remediation Methods: Physical Simulation of Leakoff and Flowback by Son Tran, et al.
A multi-model assessment of the interplay between fossil-extraction bans and demand-side policies in ambitious mitigation scenarios
Authors: Andreoni Pietro , Reis Lara Aleluia , Drouet Laurent , Dessens Olivier , Fragkos Panagiotis , Pietzcker Robert , Pye Steve , Rodrigues Renato , Tavoni Massimo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Given concerns about the ambition and effectiveness of current climate pledges, a case has been made for the integration of demand-side policies such as carbon pricing with supply-side bans on fossil fuel extraction. However, little is known about their interplay in the context of climate stabilization strategies. Here, we present the first multi-model assessment quantifying the effectiveness of supply-side policies and their interactions with demand-side ones. We design narratives of fossil fuel bans and explore a variety of scenarios with four integrated assessment models, to find that widespread international supply side policies significantly reduce emissions but not at sufficient levels to stabilize temperature increase to well below 2°C. When combined with demand-side policies, supply side policies reduce the required carbon price to meet the Paris goals, dampen reliance on CO2 removal and increase investment in renewable energy. The results indicate the opportunity to introduce fossil fuel bans alongside price-based, demand-focused policies when exploring climate neutrality pathways.
Non-Invasive Estimation of Clinical Severity of Anemia using Hierarchical Ensemble Classifiers
Authors: Chakraborty Sushovan , Kansara Krity , Rayaroth Dinesh Kumar , Swaminathan Dhivya , Aatre Kiran R , Acharya Soumyadipta 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Current techniques of anemia classification are either invasive or inaccurate, making them ill-suited for community-based screening programs. We propose an Artificial Intelligence (AI) based anemia classification method using a multi wavelength non-invasive photometry device. A finger mounted photo-plethysmogram (PPG) device was designed to acquire PPG signals at four wavelengths (590, 660, 810, and 940 nm). A set of features extracted from the PPG signals were used to develop a three-way classification scheme using a machine-learning. In a study conducted on 1583 women of childbearing age, subjects were classified into either healthy (Hemoglobin, Hb >11 g/dL), anemic (Hb: 7-11 g/dl) or severely anemic (Hb <7g/dL). We report classification sensitivity of 92% (p<0.05) and specificity of 84% (p<0.05) in differentiating anemic and non-anemic women. We also report a sensitivity of 76% (p<0.05), and specificity of 74% (p<0.05) in identifying severe anemia. The proposed anemia classification algorithm, along with the associated sensor has the potential to be productized as a low-cost non-invasive rapid anemia screening device for community interventions.
Ultra-low-velocity anomaly inside the Pacific Slab near the 410-km discontinuity
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Ferrand Thomas , Zhou Tong , Ritsema Jeroen , Stixrude Lars , Chen Min 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Under equilibrium conditions, the mineral olivine (α) transforms to wadsleyite (β) near 410 km depth1,2. The phase transition is a global boundary known as the “410-km discontinuity”, where seismic wave speed and density increase by 3–10 percent3-6. We present new observations of triplicated P-waves from dense seismic arrays in northeastern China that constrain the structure of the Pacific slab near the 410-km discontinuity beneath the northern Sea of Japan. Our analysis of P-wave travel times and waveforms at periods as short as T = 2 s indicates the presence of an ultra-low-velocity layer within the cold slab, with a P-wave velocity that is at least 20% lower than in the ambient mantle and an apparent thickness of ~ 16 km along the wave path. This ultra-low-velocity layer could contain unstable material (e.g., poirierite) with reduced grain size where diffusionless transformations are favored7-12
Divergence of tropical cyclone hazard based on wind-weighted track distributions in the Coral Sea, over 50 years
Authors: Miller John , Silva Guilherme Vieira da , Strauss Darrell 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Tropical Cyclones (TCs) with genesis in the Coral Sea present significant hazards to coastal regions in their surroundings. In addition, the erratic nature of TC tracks is not well understood in this region. Therefore, this study grouped Coral Sea TC tracks over the last fifty years based on K-means clustering of the maximum wind-weighted centroids. This was done in order to extract valuable new cyclone power, track curvature and location related information from their historical track records and to predict their behaviour in the light of a changing climate. TC track variance and curvature (sinuosity) were assessed. Three well defined clusters of TC tracks were identified, and the results showed differing predominant directions of TC movement by cluster. Track sinuosity was shown to increase from east to west. Only one cluster showed a statistically significant trend (decreasing) in TC frequency. The TC power dissipation index (PDI) was used to reveal that two of the clusters have diverging trends for PDI post 2004. Based on the location of cyclone maximum intensity (LMI), only one cluster showed a statistically significant trend (towards the equator). All these findings demonstrated a clear variance in between-cluster hazard and show that TC trends discovered for the southwest Pacific are not manifest or consistent across all clusters - the results indicate differences in cyclone trends depending on their tracking area (cluster) which may help in predicting their behaviour as they evolve, ultimately aiding in assigning specific and location-based risk mitigation for coastal communities.
A Clinical Study of Liposuction combined with Lymphovenous Anastomosis for Treatment of Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema
Authors: Chang Kun , Xia Song , Liang Chen , Sun Yuguang , Xin Jianfeng , Shen Wenbin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective
In this work, we studied the clinical effect of liposuction combined with lymphovenous Anastomosis (LVAs) for treatment of breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL).
Methods
We studied 158 patients with unilateral upper limb BCRL underwent liposuction combined with LVAs. Arm circumferences before and 7 days after the combined treatments were prospectively recorded. Circumferences of different upper extremities were measured before the procedure, 7 days after LVAs and during the follow-ups. Volumes were calculated with the frustum method. During the follow-ups, the conditions of patients’ treated arms, i.e. the frequency of erysipelas episodes and dependence on compression garments, were recorded.
Results
The mean circumference difference between two upper limbs decreased significantly from M (P25, P75) 5.3 (4.1, 6.9) preoperatively to 0.5 (-0.8, 1.0) 7 days after treatments, while at follow-up 0.3 (-0.4,1.0). The mean volume difference decreased significantly from M (P25, P75) 838.3(662.4, 1129.0)preoperatively to 7.8 (-120.3, 151.4) 7 days after treatments, while at follow-up 43.7 (-59.4,161.1). The incidence of erysipelas also significantly decreased. 6.3% patients were already independent of compression garments during the past six months or even more.
Conclusion
Liposuction combined with LVAs is an effective method for the treatment of BCRL.
Three-dimensional Spheroid Culture Combined with Hypoxic Preconditioning Can Promote the Proliferation and Osteogenic Differetiation of BMSCs in Low-oxygen Environment in Vitro
Authors: Qiu Xiaoning , Feng Zhuozhuo , Liu Gang , Miao Rong , Tan Xinzhi , Tao Junming , Yang Baohua , Jing Wei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Presently, it is difficult to use BMSCs in bone regeneration because the cells are severely weakened or even die after transplantation into the body after in vitro culture. This is due to the difference between the living environment of cells cultured in vitro and in vivo. This study explored a fast and efficient method for developing BMSCs with stronger survival and osteogenesis ability in a harsh environment through hypoxic preconditioning and three-dimensional (3D) culture to transform BMSCs into cell therapy. Methods: BMSCs were treated with various hypoxic preconditioning processes in vitro, including sustained hypoxia, intermittent hypoxia, and sustained normoxia, in planar culture and 3D spheroid culture. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, apoptosis determination assay, and live-dead staining were used to evaluate the proliferation and survival abilities of BMSCs. Alkaline phosphatase, alizarin red staining, and osteogenic-related proteins were used to assess the osteogenic differentiation abilities of BMSCs. Meanwhile, the proliferation, survival, and osteogenesis abilities of BMSCs between planar culture and 3D spheroid culture were compared. Results: BMSCs showed stronger proliferation and survival abilities after intermittent hypoxic preconditioning and 3D spheroid culture. Moreover, cells cultured based on intermittent hypoxic preconditioning and 3D spheroid culture showed less apoptosis and higher osteogenic differentiation abilities than those cultured via conventional treatment in the hypoxic microenvironment simulated by matrix gel placed in a three-gas incubator, including alkaline phosphatase activity, cell calcium content, and expression of osteogenic-related molecules. Conclusions: Intermittent hypoxic preconditioning and 3D spheroids culture at specific stages of BMSCs significantly increase the proliferation, survival, and osteogenic differentiation abilities of BMSCs, thus improving the application potential of seed cells in bone regeneration.
Periapical status and quality of root canal fillings and different coronal restorations
Authors: Abramov Denys , Kaniewski Roman , Abadi Meital , Lvovsky Alex 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction: The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of the quality of root canal treatment and different coronal restoration materials on the periapical status of endodontically treated teeth.Methodology: 2498 radiographs were included in this study. For each radiograph, the quality of the root canal treatment was judged as adequate or faulty and the periapical status was judged as healthy or diseased according to a study by Ray & Trope (1995). Radiographs with Fixed Partial Dentures, temporary coronal restoration, a post and core type of restoration, or teeth with caries lesions were excluded from the study. Cases, where no definitive diagnosis could be made, were excluded from the study. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software.Results: The results showed that teeth with a good endodontic filling (GE) were more likely to have an absence of periradicular Inflammation (API) regardless of the core material OR=2.00 (95% CI 1.78-2.26). Teeth with an amalgam core were more likely to have an API, regardless of the quality of root canal treatment OR=1.11 (95% CI 1.03-1.2). Teeth with an amalgam core and GE had an OR of 1.16 (95% CI 1.04-1.29) to have an API, whilst teeth with a composite core and an GE had an OR of 0.83 (95% CI 0.74-0.94) (p<0.05).Conclusions: GE was found as the major contributing factor for the lack of periradicular pathosis, whilst the core material made little difference in teeth with PE. Teeth with GE and good restoration (GR) seem to benefit from an amalgam core.