bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The miR151 and miR5100 Transfected Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Increase Myoblast Fusion in IGFBP2 Dependent Manner
Authors: Mierzejewski Bartosz , Michalska Zuzanna , Jackowski Daniel , Streminska Władysława , Janczyk-Ilach Katarzyna , Koblowska Marta , Iwanicka-Nowicka Roksana , Gromadka Agnieszka , Ciemerych Maria Anna , Brzoska Edyta 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) form a perivascular cell population in the bone marrow. These cells do not present naïve myogenic potential. However, their myogenic identity could be induced experimentally in vitro or in vivo. In vivo, after transplantation into injured muscle, BMSCs rarely fused with myofibers. However, BMSC participation in myofiber reconstruction increased if they were modified by NICD or PAX3 overexpression. Nevertheless, BMSCs paracrine function could play a positive role in skeletal muscle regeneration. Previously, we showed that SDF-1 treatment and coculture with myofibers increased BMSC ability to reconstruct myofibers. We also noticed that SDF-1 treatment changed selected miRNAs expression, including miR151 and miR5100.

Methods
Mouse BMSCs were transfected with miR151 and miR5100 mimics and their proliferation, myogenic differentiation, and fusion with myoblasts were analyzed.

Results
We showed that miR151 and miR5100 played an important role in the regulation of BMSC proliferation and migration. Moreover, the presence of miR151 and miR5100 transfected BMSCs in co-cultures with human myoblasts increased their fusion. This effect was achieved in an IGFBP2 dependent manner.

Conclusions
Mouse BMSCs did not present naïve myogenic potential but secreted proteins could impact myogenic cell differentiation. miR151 and miR5100 transfection changed BMSC migration and IGFBP2 and MMP12 expression in BMSCs. miR151 and miR5100 transfected BMSCs increased myoblast fusion in vitro.

Graphical abstract
Enzyme-assisted extraction of red seaweed Solieria chordalis (C.Agardh) J. Agardh 1842—the starting point for the production of biostimulants of plant growth and biosorbents of metal ions
Authors: Spain Olivia , Hardouin Kevin , Bourgougnon Nathalie , Michalak Izabela 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe underexploited biomass of red seaweed Solieria chordalis (C.Agardh) J.Agardh 1842 represents a potential source for biotechnological development. Extracts obtained from S. chordalis by enzyme-assisted extraction using Protamex® and Neutrase® were evaluated as potential biostimulants of plant growth. Additionally, this alga, as well as post-extraction residues, were examined as biosorbents of metal ions. The biostimulant properties of different concentrations of algal extracts (20, 40, 60, 80, 100%) were tested in vitro on radish seeds. Chlorophyll content, plant weight, and height were measured for each experimental group. For all tested concentrations, the plants demonstrated higher chlorophyll content and were higher and heavier than the control group, showing that enzyme extracts could be used as efficient biostimulants. The biosorption properties of seaweed and post-extraction residues were tested on Cr(III) ions for different experimental conditions—pH, initial metal ion concentration, and biosorbent dosage. The maximum biosorption capacity of S. chordalis was 48.1 mg/g, for the post-extraction residue obtained with Protamex®, 47.6 mg/g, and Neutrase®, 50.5 mg/g. The binding of Cr(III) ions to the surface of biosorbents was confirmed by FT-IR analysis. Good biosorption properties of tested materials can be used in the production of novel components of fertilizers or biosorbents for wastewater treatment. In this paper, it was shown that waste biomass of S. chordalis can be turned into valuable bio-products using environmental-friendly technologies.
The association between micronutrients and the SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in convalescent patients
Authors: Panahibakhsh Maryam , Amiri Faramarz , Doroudi Taher , Sadeghi Mostafa , Kolivand Pirhossein , Alipour Fatemeh , Gorji Ali 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Various micronutrients play key roles in the immune responses to viral infection, antibody synthesis, and susceptibility to infection. This study aimed to investigate the role of micronutrients on the immune responses following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods
To evaluate humoral immunity following SARS-CoV-2 infection, the levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM and IgG, as well as the concentrations of different micronutrients, were determined in 36 convalescent COVID-19 patients 60 days after infection. Furthermore, the correlation between biochemical and hematological parameters, clinical features, and the changes in adiposity with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was evaluated.

Results
Serum IgM and IgG antibodies were detected in 38.8% and 83.3% of recovered patients after 60 days of COVID-19 infection, respectively. The values of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG were negatively correlated with the number of the platelet. Moreover, the values of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM were positively correlated with LDH and the vitamin B12 concentration. Furthermore, a gender-specific association of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG and IgM with vitamins D as well as with B9 and zinc was observed. A significant negative correlation was observed between the values of IgG with vitamin D in male participants and a positive correlation was detected between IgG values and B9 in female participants. Moreover, IgM levels with serum zinc values in females were negatively correlated.

Conclusion
Our study suggests the potential role of micronutrients in gender-specific humoral immunity following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further studies are required with a greater sample of subjects to substantiate the validity and robustness of our findings.
Inhibitors Incorporated Into Water-Based Epoxy Coatings on Metals for Corrosion Protection: A Review
Authors: Jomy Jilna , Prabhu Deepa , Prabhu P. R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCorrosion and its protection are one of the major challenges that are faced by the industries. To overcome this, new coatings with characteristic properties which are environmentally friendly are introduced. A cost-effective and most reliable way of corrosion protection is via barrier coatings, in which water-based epoxy coatings showed significant corrosion resistance. Although the epoxy coating creates a barrier between the metal and the corroding ions, there is a chance of leakage due to mechanical rupture and the formation of micropores during the curing time of the epoxy. This leads to the incorporation of inhibitors into the epoxy coatings which in turn increase the corrosion resistance. This review discusses the different types of inhibitors that are incorporated into the epoxy coating to prevent corrosion. The use of Nano/micro containers for the encapsulation of the inhibitors leads to the discovery of self-healing smart coatings. Such water-based epoxy smart coatings are also discussed.
Short-Term Subway Inbound Passenger Flow Prediction Based on AFC Data and PSO-LSTM Optimized Model
Authors: Liu Jiaxin , Jiang Rui , Zhu Dan , Zhao Jiandong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMaking accurate predictions of subway passenger flow is conducive to optimizing operation plans. This study aims to analyze the regularity of subway passenger flow and combine the modeling skills of deep learning with transportation knowledge to predict the short-term subway passenger flow in the scenarios of workdays and holidays. The processed data were collected from two months of Automated Fare Collection (AFC) data from Xizhimen station of Beijing metro. The data were first cleaned by the established cleansing rules to delete malformed and abnormal logic data. The cleaned data were used to analyze the spatial characteristics in passenger flow. Second, a short-term subway passenger flow prediction model was built on the basis of long short-term memory (LSTM). Determining that the error will be relatively high in peak hours, we proposed gradual optimizations from data input by dividing one whole day into different time periods, and then used particle swarm optimization (PSO) to search for the optimal hyperparameters setting. Finally, inbound passenger flow of Beijing Xizhimen subway station in 2018 was selected for numerical experiments. Predictions of the LSTM-based model had higher accuracy than the traditional machine learning support vector regression (SVR) model, with mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 21.97% and 4.80% in the scenarios of workdays and holidays, respectively, which are both lower than those of the SVR model. The optimized PSO-LSTM model has been verified for its effectiveness and accurateness by the AFC data.
Comparison of biochar properties from 5 kinds of halophyte produced by slow pyrolysis at 500 °C
Authors: Xiao Hongyang , Lin Qimei , Li Guitong , Zhao Xiaorong , Li Jianzhong , Li Erzhen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGlycophyte biomass-derived biochars are currently concerned in most studies. However, little attention is given to the characteristics of halophyte-derived biochars. In this study, five typical halophytes of euhalophytes (Suaeda altissima, Suaeda salsa, and Kalidium foliatum), recretohalophytes (Phragmites australis), and pseudohalophytes (Tamarix chinensis) which are widely distributed in the arid and semiarid regions of northwestern China were selected for producing biochars with a slow pyrolysis process at 500 °C for 1 h. The harvested biochars were characterized in elemental content, pores, surface area, and surface charges, and then their potential value as a soil conditioner was evaluated. The results showed that the halophyte-derived biochars had variable ash and Na+ contents, ranging from 7.26 to 23.64% and 1.06 to 33.93 g kg−1 respectively. The EC value of the biochars ranged from 1.76 to 23.45 mS cm−1. The biochar derived from Suaeda altissima had a very low specific surface area (SSA), 3.50 m2 g−1, while that derived from Phragmites australis (BPA) had a very high SSA, 344.02 m2 g−1. All the biochars carried both positive and negative charges. Kalidium foliatum biochar (BKF) possessed more negative charges, while Suaeda altissima biochar (BSA) contained more positive charges. In general, the halophyte biochars had a higher ash content and lower point of zero net charge (PZNC) value, compared with the biochars derived from glycophytes, which would imply their higher potential value as an acidic soil conditioner.
Spatial panel count data: modeling and forecasting of urban crimes
Authors: Glaser Stephanie , Jung Robert C. , Schweikert Karsten 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe steadily growing access to high-quality spatio-temporal crime count data with a high level of spatial detail allows to uncover interesting relationships between crime types within and between small regional units. Data coherent forecasting of such counts has to take the integer and non-negative nature of the data into account. Spatial panel data models that meet the criterion of coherency are relatively sparse. This paper proposes a new spatial panel regression framework with fixed effects to overcome these shortcomings. Depending on whether time dynamic effects are included in the model specification, estimation and inference are based either on a pseudo maximum likelihood method or on quasi-differenced generalized methods of moments. The models’ usefulness is demonstrated in a forecasting exercise of monthly crime counts at census tract level from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2021
Authors: Barnes P. W. , Robson T. M. , Neale P. J. , Williamson C. E. , Zepp R. G. , Madronich S. , Wilson S. R. , Andrady A. L. , Heikkilä A. M. , Bernhard G. H. , Bais A. F. , Neale R. E. , Bornman J. F. , Jansen M. A. K. , Klekociuk A. R. , Martinez-Abaigar J. , Robinson S. A. , Wang Q.-W. , Banaszak A. T. , Häder D.-P. , Hylander S. , Rose K. C. , Wängberg S.-Å. , Foereid B. , Hou W.-C. , Ossola R. , Paul N. D. , Ukpebor J. E. , Andersen M. P. S. , Longstreth J. , Schikowski T. , Solomon K. R. , Sulzberger B. , Bruckman L. S. , Pandey K. K. , White C. C. , Zhu L. , Zhu M. , Aucamp P. J. , Liley J. B. , McKenzie R. L. , Berwick M. , Byrne S. N. , Hollestein L. M. , Lucas R. M. , Olsen C. M. , Rhodes L. E. , Yazar S. , Young A. R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Environmental Effects Assessment Panel of the Montreal Protocol under the United Nations Environment Programme evaluates effects on the environment and human health that arise from changes in the stratospheric ozone layer and concomitant variations in ultraviolet (UV) radiation at the Earth’s surface. The current update is based on scientific advances that have accumulated since our last assessment (Photochem and Photobiol Sci 20(1):1–67, 2021). We also discuss how climate change affects stratospheric ozone depletion and ultraviolet radiation, and how stratospheric ozone depletion affects climate change. The resulting interlinking effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and climate change are assessed in terms of air quality, carbon sinks, ecosystems, human health, and natural and synthetic materials. We further highlight potential impacts on the biosphere from extreme climate events that are occurring with increasing frequency as a consequence of climate change. These and other interactive effects are examined with respect to the benefits that the Montreal Protocol and its Amendments are providing to life on Earth by controlling the production of various substances that contribute to both stratospheric ozone depletion and climate change.
A 3D Grouped Convolutional Network Fused with Conditional Random Field and Its Application in Image Multi-target Fine Segmentation
Authors: Yin Jian , Zhou Zhibo , Xu Shaohua , Yang Ruiping , Liu Kun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAiming at the utilization of adjacent image correlation information in multi-target segmentation of 3D image slices and the optimization of segmentation results, a 3D grouped fully convolutional network fused with conditional random fields (3D-GFCN) is proposed. The model takes fully convolutional network (FCN) as the image segmentation infrastructure, and fully connected conditional random field (FCCRF) as the post-processing tool. It expands the 2D convolution into 3D operations, and uses a shortcut-connection structure to achieve feature fusion of different levels and scales, to realizes the fine-segmentation of 3D image slices. 3D-GFCN uses 3D convolution kernel to correlate the information of 3D image adjacent slices, uses the context correlation and probability exploration mechanism of FCCRF to optimize the segmentation results, and uses the grouped convolution to reduce the model parameters. The dice loss that can ignore the influence of background pixels is used as the training objective function to reduce the influence of the imbalance quantity between background pixels and target pixels. The model can automatically study and focus on target structures of different shapes and sizes in the image, highlight the salient features useful for specific tasks. In the mechanism, it can improve the shortcomings and limitations of the existing image segmentation algorithms, such as insignificant morphological features of the target image, weak correlation of spatial information and discontinuous segmentation results, and improve the accuracy of multi-target segmentation results and learning efficiency. Take abdominal abnormal tissue detection and multi-target segmentation based on 3D computer tomography (CT) images as verification experiments. In the case of small-scale and unbalanced data set, the average Dice coefficient is 88.8%, the Class Pixel Accuracy is 95.3%, and Intersection of Union is 87.8%. Compared with other methods, the performance evaluation index and segmentation accuracy are significantly improved. It shows that the proposed method has good applicability for solving typical multi-target image segmentation problems, such as boundary overlap, offset deformation and low contrast.
Relative Basic Uncertain Information in Preference and Uncertain Involved Information Fusion
Authors: Jin Le-Sheng , Xu Ya-Qiang , Chen Zhen-Song , Mesiar Radko , Yager Ronald R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBasic uncertain information is a newly proposed normative formulation to express and model uncertain information. This study further generalizes this concept by introducing the concept of refined interval of discourse in which the true value is known to be included. Hence, we define some new definitions of relative basic uncertain information, relative certainty/uncertainty degree and comprehensive certainty/uncertainty with some related measurements and analysis. With the introduced uncertain data type, we define two corresponding aggregation operators, namely, the relative basic uncertain information valued weighted arithmetic mean operator and the interval-induced relative basic uncertain information valued ordered weight averaging operator. An application of the proposed concepts and methods in multi-agents evaluation is provided.
Gevrey regularity and analyticity for the modified Camassa–Holm equation
Authors: Zhou Qingyu , Pan Xiaolin , Zhou Shouming 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper deals with the analyticity and Gevrey regularity for the Cauchy problem of a modified Camassa–Holm (mCH) equation in Sobolev–Gevrey space $$G_{r,s}^\delta$$

G

r
,
s

δ

with $$s>\frac{1}{2}$$

s
>

1
2

, $$r\ge 1$$

r
≥
1

and $$0<\delta <1$$

0
<
δ
<
1

, and a lower bound of lifespan and continuity of the data-to-solution map was also obtained.
Design of simulation-based pilot training systems using machine learning agents
Authors: Källström J. , Granlund R. , Heintz F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe high operational cost of aircraft, limited availability of air space, and strict safety regulations make training of fighter pilots increasingly challenging. By integrating Live, Virtual, and Constructive simulation resources, efficiency and effectiveness can be improved. In particular, if constructive simulations, which provide synthetic agents operating synthetic vehicles, were used to a higher degree, complex training scenarios could be realised at low cost, the need for support personnel could be reduced, and training availability could be improved. In this work, inspired by the recent improvements of techniques for artificial intelligence, we take a user perspective and investigate how intelligent, learning agents could help build future training systems. Through a domain analysis, a user study, and practical experiments, we identify important agent capabilities and characteristics, and then discuss design approaches and solution concepts for training systems to utilise learning agents for improved training value.
Four levers of reciprocity across human societies: concepts, analysis and predictions
Authors: Lehmann Laurent , Powers Simon T. , van Schaik Carel P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper surveys five human societal types – mobile foragers, horticulturalists, pre-state agriculturalists, state-based agriculturalists and liberal democracies – from the perspective of three core social problems faced by interacting individuals: coordination problems, social dilemmas and contest problems. We characterise the occurrence of these problems in the different societal types and enquire into the main force keeping societies together given the prevalence of these. To address this, we consider the social problems in light of the theory of repeated games, and delineate the role of intertemporal incentives in sustaining cooperative behaviour through the reciprocity principle. We analyse the population, economic and political structural features of the five societal types, and show that intertemporal incentives have been adapted to the changes in scope and scale of the core social problems as societies have grown in size. In all societies, reciprocity mechanisms appear to solve the social problems by enabling lifetime direct benefits to individuals for cooperation. Our analysis leads us to predict that as societies increase in complexity, they need more of the following four features to enable the scalability and adaptability of the reciprocity principle: nested grouping, decentralised enforcement and local information, centralised enforcement and coercive power, and formal rules.
Physiological significance of vitamin D produced in skin compared with oral vitamin D
Authors: Fraser David R. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Since the discovery of vitamin D, it has been accepted that its physiological supply is either from food or by endogenous synthesis in skin exposed to solar UV light. Yet vitamin D is a component of very few foods and its supply as a natural nutrient is unable to maintain good vitamin D status for human populations. One aspect of vitamin D physiology that has been ignored is that the mechanisms for its transport and processing from these two sources are quite different. Excess intake of vitamin D causes hypercalcaemic toxicity. However, experiments with different animal species have shown that long-term supply of oral vitamin D in apparently non-toxic amounts causes atherosclerosis in large arteries. A mechanism for this toxicity is proposed. Alternative strategies for addressing widespread vitamin D deficiency by food fortification should be considered in light of the angiotoxicity caused by oral vitamin D in animal experiments.
Evaluating tolerability of resistant starch 2, alone and in combination with minimally fermented fibre for patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a pilot randomised controlled cross-over trial
Authors: So Daniel , Yao Chu K. , Gibson Peter R. , Muir Jane G. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Resistant starch 2 (RS2) may offer therapeutic value to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients particularly in combination with minimally fermented fibre, but tolerability data are lacking. The present study evaluated the tolerability of RS2, sugarcane bagasse and their combination in IBS patients and healthy controls. Following baseline, participants consumed the fibres in escalating doses lasting 3 d each: RS2 (10, 15 and 20 g/d); sugarcane bagasse (5, 10 and 15 g/d); and their combination (20, 25 and 30 g/d). Gastrointestinal symptoms were assessed daily. Six IBS patients and five controls were recruited. No differences in overall symptoms from baseline were found across the fibre doses (IBS, P = 0⋅586; controls, P = 0⋅687). For IBS patients, all RS2 doses led to increased bloating. One IBS patient did not tolerate the low combination dose and another the high sugarcane bagasse dose. Supplementation of RS2 ≤ 20 g/d caused mild symptoms and was generally tolerated in IBS patients even when combined with minimally fermented fibre.