bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional differences in healthcare costs further explained: The contribution of health, lifestyle, loneliness and mastery
Authors: Meisters Rachelle , Westra Daan , Putrik Polina , Bosma Hans , Ruwaard Dirk , Jansen Maria 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHealthcare costs in the Netherlands are rising and vary considerably among regions. Explaining regional differences in healthcare costs can help policymakers in targeting appropriate interventions in order to restrain costs. Factors usually taken into account when analyzing regional differences in healthcare costs are demographic structure and socioeconomic status (SES). However, health, lifestyle, loneliness and mastery have also been linked to healthcare costs. Therefore, this study analyzes the contribution of health, lifestyle factors (BMI, alcohol consumption, smoking and physical activity), loneliness, and mastery to regional differences in healthcare costs. Analyses are performed in a linked dataset (n = 334,721) from the Dutch Public Health Services, Statistics Netherlands, the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (year 2016), and the healthcare claims database Vektis (year 2017) with Poisson and zero-inflated binomial regressions. Regional differences in general practitioner consult costs remain significant even after taking into account health, lifestyle, loneliness, and mastery. Regional differences in costs for mental, pharmaceutical, and specialized care are less pronounced and can be explained to a large extent. For total healthcare costs, regional differences are mostly explained through the factors included in this study. Hence, addressing lifestyle factors, loneliness and mastery can help policymakers in restraining healthcare costs. In this study, the region of Zuid-Limburg represents the reference region. Use compare regions for health and healthcare costs (Regiovergelijker gezondheid en zorgkosten) in order to select all other Dutch regions as reference region.
Performance evaluation of amino-functionalized mesoporous/PES nanofiltration membrane in anionic dye removal from aqueous solutions
Authors: Samari Mahya , Zinadini Sirus , Zinatizadeh Ali Akbar , Jafarzadeh Mohammad , Gholami Foad 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this study, the FSM-16 and FSM-16 modified by metformin (FSM-16-met) additives were applied as modifiers for polyethersulfone-based membranes. The modified membranes were evaluated in terms of morphology, surface roughness, hydrophilicity, pure water flux, pore size and porosity, and resistance ability. The obtained experimental data indicated promising enhancement in permeated flux and hydrophilicity after introducing the FSM-16-met nanomaterials into the membrane texture. In the case assessment of the fabricated membranes, dye removal capability was performed using the direct red-16 and methyl orange (30 mg/L). The modified membranes showed significantly higher dye rejection ability (> 97% for direct red-16 and 95% for methyl orange) compared to the bare membrane (76% for direct red-16 and 74% for methyl orange). The antifouling evaluations were run for milk powder (1000 mg/L) filtration and the best performance was obtained for the modified membrane with 0.1wt.% FSM-16-met (FRR = 95.55 ± 1.91%, Rir = 4.45 ± 0.089%). Also, the effect of the feed pH and concentration, temperature, and membrane driving force was considered on the membrane behavior. High stability in long-term performance was also observed for the modified membrane after 25 h re-running.
Analysis of car parking industry from social community perspective
Authors: Arhab Nabil , Oussalah Mourad , Kokkonen Henna , Ollakka Ari 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the era of web 2.0, social media has reshaped several industries nowadays, putting citizen’s view at the heart of their strategy and business model. This paper put forward a new approach to examine car parking industry ecosystem from social media perspective as revealed by the structure and insights inferred from hashtags network analysis. Starting with initial car-parking leading hashtags, Twitter data were collected with a special focus on monitoring various hashtags generated as part of this data collection process. An original approach that exploits social network attributes and a set of rational interpretation principles is devised to infer a set of explainable communities. Each community is next analyzed in terms of industry sector interactions, user’s engagement and presence of bots and global trends. The findings reveal useful insights in terms of comprehending the car-parking ecosystem as well as user’s parking behavior. Especially, the results indicate the prevalence of social, economical and technological aspects that impact all detected communities at various degree.
Genetic variation of Cerastium alpinum L. from Babia Góra, a critically endangered species in Poland
Authors: Milarska Sylwia Eryka , Androsiuk Piotr , Bednarek Piotr Tomasz , Larson Keith , Giełwanowska Irena 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBabia Góra massif is the only site of occurrence of the Cerastium alpinum L. in Poland, an arctic-alpine perennial plant with a wide distribution in North America, northwestern Asia, and Europe. To determine whether the isolated Polish populations are genetically distinct, we have performed an evaluation of C. alpinum from Babia Góra with the use of iPBS markers. A total number of 133 individuals of C. alpinum from seven populations representing four localizations of the species were analyzed, i.e., from Babia Góra (Poland), Alps (Switzerland), Nuolja massif (Sweden), and Kaffiøyra (Svalbard, Norway). Genetic analysis of all C. alpinum samples using eight PBS primers identified 262 bands, 79.4% of which were polymorphic. iPBS markers revealed low genetic diversity (average He = 0.085) and high population differentiation (FST = 0.617). AMOVA results confirmed that the majority of the genetic variation (62%) was recorded among populations. The grouping revealed by PCoA showed that C. alpinum from Svalbard is the most diverged population, C. alpinum from Switzerland and Sweden form a pair of similar populations, whereas C. alpinum from the Babia Góra form a heterogeneous group of four populations. Results of isolation by distance analysis suggested that the spatial distance is the most probable cause of the observed differentiation among populations. Although significant traces of a bottleneck effect were noted for all populations of C. alpinum from Babia Góra, the populations still maintain a low but significant level of genetic polymorphism. These results are of great importance for developing conservation strategies for this species in Poland.
Field evaluation of CRISPR-Cas9-driven brachytic and jointless pedicel tomatoes identifies an association between the high extra-large-sized fruit yield of the brachytic-mediated shortened tomato and the jointless2
Authors: Lee Tong Geon , Klee Harry , Tieman Denise 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFresh-market tomato is one of the most important vegetables in the United States (US), and novel, cost-effective labor solutions are an important issue in current fresh-market tomato production. The shortened stem driven by the brachytic (br) and the jointless pedicel driven by the jointless2 (j2) are two important traits that would contribute to knowledge-based breeding; based on these traits, an appropriate plant architecture can be designed for ground cultivation systems that will ultimately enable mechanical harvesting. We aimed to evaluate the effect of CRISPR-Cas9-driven shortened plant architecture and jointless pedicel on the yield and horticultural performance of fresh-market tomatoes using a ground cultivation system in an open field. We conducted field trials during three successive seasons in 2020 and 2021 using the fresh-market tomato variety Fla. 8059 (a non-brachytic jointed pedicel tomato; BR/BR:J2/J2; wild-type) and its three different CRISPR-Cas9-driven mutants, a brachytic jointed pedicel Fla. 8059 (br/br:J2/J2), a non-brachytic jointless pedicel Fla. 8059 (BR/BR:j2/j2), and a brachytic jointless pedicel Fla. 8059 (br/br:j2/j2). Field evaluations confirmed that the total yield of the mutants was not significantly different from the yield of the wild-type. However, there was a significant association between the high extra-large-sized fruit yield of the br mutant and the j2 mutation. Field evaluations also revealed a clear positive impact of the br mutation on the high proportion of fruits laying on the raised plastic bed. Our results contribute to the optimization of fresh-market tomato architecture for developing shortened jointless pedicel varieties and the adoption of low input management practices.
Assessment of ecological quality in Northwest China (2000–2020) using the Google Earth Engine platform: Climate factors and land use/land cover contribute to ecological quality
Authors: Wang Jinjie , Ding Jianli , Ge Xiangyu , Qin Shaofeng , Zhang Zhe 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe ecological quality of inland areas is an important aspect of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs). The ecological environment of Northwest China is vulnerable to changes in climate and land use/land cover, and the changes in ecological quality in this arid region over the last two decades are not well understood. This makes it more difficult to advance the UN SDGs and develop appropriate measures at the regional level. In this study, we used the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products to generate remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform to examine the relationship between ecological quality and environment in Xinjiang during the last two decades (from 2000 to 2020). We analyzed a 21-year time series of the trends and spatial characteristics of ecological quality. We further assessed the importance of different environmental factors affecting ecological quality through the random forest algorithm using data from statistical yearbooks and land use products. Our results show that the RSEI constructed using the GEE platform can accurately reflect the ecological quality information in Xinjiang because the contribution of the first principal component was higher than 90.00%. The ecological quality in Xinjiang has increased significantly over the last two decades, with the northern part of this region having a better ecological quality than the southern part. The areas with slightly improved ecological quality accounted for 31.26% of the total land area of Xinjiang, whereas only 3.55% of the land area was classified as having a slightly worsen (3.16%) or worsen (0.39%) ecological quality. The vast majority of the deterioration in ecological quality mainly occurred in the barren areas Temperature, precipitation, closed shrublands, grasslands and savannas were the top five environmental factors affecting the changes in RSEI. Environmental factors were allocated different weights for different RSEI categories. In general, the recovery of ecological quality in Xinjiang has been controlled by climate and land use/land cover during the last two decades and policy-driven ecological restoration is therefore crucial. Rapid monitoring of inland ecological quality using the GEE platform is projected to aid in the advancement of the comprehensive assessment of the UN SDGs.
Covid-19 detection using chest X-rays: is lung segmentation important for generalization?
Authors: Bassi Pedro R. A. S. , Attux Romis 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
We evaluated the generalization capability of deep neural networks (DNNs) in the task of classifying chest X-rays as Covid-19, normal or pneumonia, when trained in a relatively small and mixed datasets.

Methods
We proposed a DNN to perform lung segmentation and classification, stacking a segmentation module (U-Net), an original intermediate module and a classification module (DenseNet201). To evaluate generalization capability, we tested the network with an external dataset (from distinct localities) and used Bayesian inference to estimate the probability distributions of performance metrics. Furthermore, we introduce a novel evaluation technique, which uses layer-wise relevance propagation (LRP) and Brixia scores to compare the DNN grounds for decision with radiologists.

Results
The proposed DNN achieved 0.917 AUC (area under the ROC curve) on the external test dataset, surpassing a DenseNet without segmentation, which showed 0.906 AUC. Bayesian inference indicated mean accuracy of 76.1% and [0.695, 0.826] 95% HDI (high-density interval, which concentrates 95% of the metric’s probability mass) with segmentation and, without segmentation, 71.7% and [0.646, 0.786].

Conclusion
Employing an analysis based on LRP and Brixia scores, we discovered that areas where radiologists found strong Covid-19 symptoms are the most important for the stacked DNN classification. External validation showed smaller accuracies than internal, indicating difficulty in generalization, which is positively affected by lung segmentation. Finally, the performance on the external dataset and the analysis with LRP suggest that DNNs can successfully detect Covid-19 even when trained on small and mixed datasets.
Association patterns and community structure among female bottlenose dolphins: environmental, genetic and cultural factors
Authors: Marfurt Svenja M. , Allen Simon J. , Bizzozzero Manuela R. , Willems Erik P. , King Stephanie L. , Connor Richard C. , Kopps Anna M. , Wild Sonja , Gerber Livia , Wittwer Samuel , Krützen Michael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSocial structuring from assortative associations may affect individual fitness, as well as population-level processes. Gaining a broader understanding of social structure can improve our knowledge of social evolution and inform wildlife conservation. We investigated association patterns and community structure of female Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) in Shark Bay, Western Australia, assessing the role of kinship, shared culturally transmitted foraging techniques, and habitat similarity based on water depth. Our results indicated that associations are influenced by a combination of uni- and biparental relatedness, cultural behaviour and habitat similarity, as these were positively correlated with a measure of dyadic association. These findings were matched in a community level analysis. Members of the same communities overwhelmingly shared the same habitat and foraging techniques, demonstrating a strong homophilic tendency. Both uni- and biparental relatedness between dyads were higher within than between communities. Our results illustrate that intraspecific variation in sociality in bottlenose dolphins is influenced by a complex combination of genetic, cultural, and environmental aspects.
From Linear to Circular Value Chains: A Role for Tort Liability in Recycling Practices?
Authors: Ulfbeck Vibe 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article examines the extent to which tort law can be used to incentivise the creation of the circular value chain and the design of products that live up to the requirements of the circular economy. In doing so, this article focuses in particular on the concepts of product liability and value chain liability. It shows that whereas the product liability framework has clearly been thought out to fit the linear value chain, central product liability concepts are also sufficiently flexible to be able to take in circularity considerations. The same goes for the concept of value chain liability. This article also shows how both types of liability become intertwined in the circular value chain.
Anaemia and associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in agrarian community of Bale zone: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Tegegne Mekonnen , Abate Kalkidan Hassen , Belachew Tefera 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Anaemia remains among the most prevalent nutritional problems among children in developing countries. In Ethiopia, more than half of children <5 years of age are anaemic. In the early stages of life, it leads to poor cognitive performance, delay psychomotor development and decreases working capacity in later life. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of anaemia among children aged 6–23 months in the Bale zone. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 to 30 June 2021. Multistage stratified sampling and simple random sampling techniques were employed to select 770 samples. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic, child health and feeding practices. Haemoglobin levels were estimated using a portable Hemosmart machine. Children with haemoglobin values below 11 g/dl were considered anaemic. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with anaemia. Statistical significance was set at P < 0⋅05. The prevalence of anaemia was 47⋅9 % (95 % CI (44⋅4, 51⋅5)). The multivariate analysis showed that child age (6–11 months) (AOR 1⋅47; 95 % CI (1⋅06, 2⋅03)), household food insecurity (AOR 1⋅44; 95 % CI (1⋅01, 2⋅04)), having diarrhoea and cough in the past 2 weeks (AOR 1⋅70; 95 % CI (1⋅18, 2⋅44)) and (AOR 1⋅97; 95 % CI (1⋅28, 3⋅04), respectively), not consuming the recommended dietary diversity (AOR 2⋅72; 95 % CI (1⋅96, 3⋅77)) and stunting (AOR 1⋅88; 95 % CI (1⋅31, 2⋅70)) were significantly associated with anaemia. Anaemia in children aged 6–23 months was a severe public health problem in the study area. Integrated nutritional interventions combined with iron fortification and supplementation is recommended.
Maternal nutritional status, decision-making autonomy and the nutritional status of adolescent girls: a cross-sectional analysis in the Mion District of Ghana
Authors: Agaba Monicah , Azupogo Fusta , Brouwer Inge D. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A mother's nutritional status and participation in household decision-making, a proxy for empowerment, are known determinants of improved nutrition and health outcomes for infants and young children; however, little is known about the association among adolescents. We examined the association between maternal nutritional status, decision-making autonomy and adolescent girls’ nutritional status. We analysed data of 711 mother–adolescent girl pairs aged 10–17 years from the Mion District, Ghana. Maternal nutritional status and decision-making autonomy were the independent variables while the outcomes were adolescent girls’ nutritional status as defined by anaemia, stunting and body mass index-for-age Z-score categories. Girl-level (age, menarche status and the frequency of animal-source food consumption), mother-level (age, education level, and monthly earnings) and household-level (wealth index, food security status and family size) covariates were adjusted for in the analysis. All associations were examined with hierarchical survey logistic regression. There was no association between maternal height and adolescent girls being anaemic, underweight or overweight/obese. Increasing maternal height reduced the odds of being stunted [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0⋅92, 95 % CI (0⋅89, 0⋅95)] for the adolescent girl. Maternal overweight/obesity was positively associated with the girl being anaemic [OR 1⋅35, 95 % CI (1⋅06, 1⋅72)]. The adolescent girl was more than five times likely to be thin [OR 5⋅28, 95 % CI (1⋅64–17⋅04)] when the mother was underweight. Maternal decision-making autonomy was inversely associated with stunting [OR 0⋅88, 95 % CI (0⋅79, 0⋅99)] among the girls. Our findings suggest that intergenerational linkages of a mother's nutritional status are not limited to childhood but also during adolescence.
Crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) patterns in uniaxially compressed deuterated ice: quantitative analysis of historical data
Authors: Hunter Nicholas J. R. , Wilson Christopher J. L. , Luzin Vladimir 
Published: November 2022

AbstractStrain, temperature and strain rate are crucial factors governing the development of crystallographic preferred orientations (CPO) in ice. To better understand how CPO patterns change in response to these variables, we performed quantitative analyses on neutron diffraction data between 2010 and 2019, collected in situ during uniaxial compression experiments on deuterium ice. At strains >10% and temperatures <−10°C, thec-axis pattern switches from a single maximum (‘cluster’) to small circle (‘cone’), both oriented parallel to shortening. The diameter and mean width of the cone pattern decrease as strain and/or strain rate increases. Prismatic axis (aandm) patterns are characterised by great circles parallel to the pole figure margin and may be distinguishable from the patterns in ice deformed under simple shear. While strain has the main influence on the degree of preferred orientation (or CPO ‘strength’), both temperature and strain rate have minor influences, which limits the extent to which CPOs can be used to measure strain. As cluster patterns can be observed in thec-axes of ice deformed under both pure and simple shear settings, this may complicate interpretations of flow geometry in terrestrial ice unless the prismatic axis patterns are also considered.
Working memory modulates the effect of music on word learning
Authors: Ong Jia Hoong , Chan Alice H. D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhile anecdotal evidence suggests that music may facilitate verbal memory, empirical evidence for this is less clear. Here, we examined whether learners’ characteristics such as age, working memory (WM), and musical training may influence the effect of music on word learning. Young and older adults learned novel word-referent mappings presented in three music conditions (spoken in the presence of background music, sung in-key, and sung out-of-key) and a control condition (spoken in quiet) and their performance was assessed immediately after learning. We found that whereas age and, to an extent, musical training had a general effect on word learning, WM modulated the effect of music: performance was worse in the music conditions relative to the control condition for learners with lower WM whereas the opposite pattern was observed for those with higher WM. Our results thus highlight the importance of considering individual characteristics in determining the effect of music on verbal memory.
Ecosystem natural capital accounting: The landscape approach at a territorial watershed scale
Authors: Argüello Jazmin , Weber Jean-Louis , Negrutiu Ioan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMost approaches to estimate ecological value use monetary valuation. Here, we propose a different framework accounting ecological value in biophysical terms. More specifically, we are implementing the ecosystem natural capital accounting framework as an operational adaptation and extension of the UN System of Economic and Environmental Accounting/Ecosystem Accounting. The proof-of-concept study was carried out at the Rhône river watershed scale (France). Four core accounts evaluate land use, water and river condition, bio-carbon content of various stocks of biomass and its uses, and the state of ecosystem infrastructure. Integration of the various indicators allows measuring ecosystems overall capability and their degradation. The 12-year results are based on spatial–temporal geographic information and local statistics. Increasing levels of intensity of use are registered over time, that is, the extraction of resources surpasses renewal. We find that agriculture and land artificialisation are the main drivers of natural capital degradation.