bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of antioxidant capacity of amino acids using the Fe(II)/1-nitroso-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic complex and the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent: application in blood serum
Authors: de Carvalho Luísa Menezes , de Souza Maryane Woth , Fonseca Fernando Luiz Affonso , Moya Horacio Dorigan 
Published: September 2022

The oxidation of 20 amino acids (AA; alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine (Cys), glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine) by Fe(III) in a buffered aqueous solution (pH 8.0, Tris) containing 1-nitroso-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid (H2NRS) was spectrophotometrically evaluated. Under the employed conditions, Fe(III) was reduced to Fe(II) to afford greenish Fe(NRS)34−, the absorbance of which at λmax = 730 nm was correlated to AA reducing capacity and expressed as ascorbic acid equivalents (ASE). Comparison of the thus obtained ASE values with those determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) revealed that all analyzed AA preferentially reacted with Fe(III)–H2NRS rather than with the FCR. The obtained insights were utilized to develop a spectrophotometric procedure for the quantitation of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of blood serum samples in solution containing Fe(III) and H2NRS (pH 8.0, Tris). The TAC values (in mgCys mL−1 serum) of 22 serum samples determined by the Fe(III)–NRS method were well correlated with those determined using the FCR method ( r = 0.788), which suggested that the proposed procedure can be used to quantify the TAC of other protein-rich biological samples.
BL-global representations
Authors: Vaggione D. 
Published: September 2022

A subdirect product [Formula: see text] is global if there is a topology on [Formula: see text] which makes of [Formula: see text] the algebra of all global sections of a sheaf whose stalks are the algebras [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text]. A quasivariety [Formula: see text] has BL-global representations if there is a class [Formula: see text] containing but close to the class of all relatively subdirectly irreducible members of [Formula: see text], satisfying that every member of [Formula: see text] is isomorphic to a global subdirect product whose factors are in [Formula: see text]. The adjective “BL” refers to “Birkhoff-like” since this type of representations are analogous to the classical Birkhoff subdirect representation by relatively subdirectly irreducibles. This paper has two main contributions. The first one is a generalization of a theorem proved in [D. Vaggione, Sheaf representation and Chinese remainder theorems, Algebra Universalis 29 (1992) 232–272] which characterizes the existence of a global representation of an algebra in terms of the solvability of certain congruence systems. The second one is a theorem assuring the existence of BL-global representations for quasivarieties with a near unanimity term.
Some convergent subseries of the harmonic series
Authors: Saha Sudip , Pal Amit Kumar , Chakraborty Bikash 
Published: September 2022

The harmonic series diverges. But, Kempner [A curious convergent series, Amer. Math Monthly 21 (1914) 48–50] proved that by removing those terms from the harmonic series whose denominators contain a digit [Formula: see text] anywhere, the resulting sub-series converges. Thus, Kempner allowed no 9’s at all, but in this short note, we allow 9’s with some restrictions and without tampering the convergence of the resultant series. Some results of our note generalize a recent note of Mukherjee and Sarkar [A short note on a curious convergent series, Asian-Eur. J. Math. 14(09) (2021) 2150158, doi:10.1142/S1793557121501588 ].
An Exercise-Induced Metabolic Shield in Distant Organs Blocks Cancer Progression and Metastatic Dissemination
Authors: Sheinboim Danna , Parikh Shivang , Manich Paulee , Markus Irit , Dahan Sapir , Parikh Roma , Stubbs Elisa , Cohen Gali , Zemser-Werner Valentina , Bell Rachel E. , Ruiz Sara Arciniegas , Percik Ruth , Brenner Ronen , Leibou Stav , Vaknine Hananya , Arad Gali , Gerber Yariv , Keinan-Boker Lital , Shimony Tal , Bikovski Lior , Goldstein Nir , Constantini Keren , Labes Sapir , Mordechai Shimonov , Doron Hila , Lonescu Ariel , Ziv Tamar , Nizri Eran , Choshen Guy , Eldar-Finkelman Hagit , Tabach Yuval , Helman Aharon , Ben-Eliyahu Shamgar , Erez Neta , Perlson Eran , Geiger Tamar , Ben-Zvi Danny , Khaled Mehdi , Gepner Yftach , Levy Carmit 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Exercise prevents cancer incidence and recurrence, yet the underlying mechanism behind this relationship remains mostly unknown. Here we report that exercise induces the metabolic reprogramming of internal organs that increases nutrient demand and protects against metastatic colonization by limiting nutrient availability to the tumor, generating an exercise-induced metabolic shield. Proteomic and ex vivo metabolic capacity analyses of murine internal organs revealed that exercise induces catabolic processes, glucose uptake, mitochondrial activity, and GLUT expression. Proteomic analysis of routinely active human subject plasma demonstrated increased carbohydrate utilization following exercise. Epidemiologic data from a 20-year prospective study of a large human cohort of initially cancer-free participants revealed that exercise prior to cancer initiation had a modest impact on cancer incidence in low metastatic stages but significantly reduced the likelihood of highly metastatic cancer. In three models of melanoma in mice, exercise prior to cancer injection significantly protected against metastases in distant organs. The protective effects of exercise were dependent on mTOR activity, and inhibition of the mTOR pathway with rapamycin treatment ex vivo reversed the exercise-induced metabolic shield. Under limited glucose conditions, active stroma consumed significantly more glucose at the expense of the tumor. Collectively, these data suggest a clash between the metabolic plasticity of cancer and exercise-induced metabolic reprogramming of the stroma, raising an opportunity to block metastasis by challenging the metabolic needs of the tumor.

Significance:
Exercise protects against cancer progression and metastasis by inducing a high nutrient demand in internal organs, indicating that reducing nutrient availability to tumor cells represents a potential strategy to prevent metastasis.
See related commentary by Zerhouni and Piskounova, p. 4124
Facts and Hopes on the Use of Artificial Intelligence for Predictive Immunotherapy Biomarkers in Cancer
Authors: Ghaffari Laleh Narmin , Ligero Marta , Perez-Lopez Raquel , Kather Jakob Nikolas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Immunotherapy by immune checkpoint inhibitors has become a standard treatment strategy for many types of solid tumors. However, the majority of patients with cancer will not respond, and predicting response to this therapy is still a challenge. Artificial intelligence (AI) methods can extract meaningful information from complex data, such as image data. In clinical routine, radiology or histopathology images are ubiquitously available. AI has been used to predict the response to immunotherapy from radiology or histopathology images, either directly or indirectly via surrogate markers. While none of these methods are currently used in clinical routine, academic and commercial developments are pointing toward potential clinical adoption in the near future. Here, we summarize the state of the art in AI-based image biomarkers for immunotherapy response based on radiology and histopathology images. We point out limitations, caveats, and pitfalls, including biases, generalizability, and explainability, which are relevant for researchers and health care providers alike, and outline key clinical use cases of this new class of predictive biomarkers.
Development and Validation of a Noninvasive Risk Score Model for Liver Cirrhosis in At-Risk Alcohol Drinkers Without HBV/HCV Infection
Authors: Liu Yin , Guo Lan-Wei , Xu Hui-Fang , Kang Rui-Hua , Zheng Li-Yang , Zhang Lu-Yao , Chen Qiong , Sun Xi-Bin , Qiao You-Lin , Zhang Shao-Kai 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

At-risk alcohol consumption is the established most important risk factor for cirrhosis in people without HBV/HCV infection. We aimed to develop and validate a simple and non-invasive tool for triaging cirrhosis risk in at-risk alcohol drinkers without HBV/HCV infection. A large-sample size, cross-sectional study within the framework of a population-based Cancer Screening Program in Urban China (CanSPUC) was conducted. Data on the liver cancer screening in Henan province, China were used. At-risk alcohol drinkers were those who currently drink one or more alcohol units per week for at least six months. A total of 6,581 eligible participants enrolled from October 1, 2013 to December 31, 2016 were included into the derivation dataset, and 2,096 eligible participants enrolled from January 1, 2017 to October 31, 2018 were included into the external validation dataset, respectively. Using the derivation dataset, a 20-point scale risk score model was developed, based on sex, education background, dietary intake of vegetables, dietary intake of roughage, smoking index, length of secondhand smoke exposure, history of fatty liver, history of diabetes, and first-degree family history of liver cancer. The model showed excellent discrimination (AUC  =  0.787; 95% CI, 0.7603–0.812) and calibration (Hosmer–Lemeshow test: P = 0.123) in the derivation dataset and an optimal cut-off value of 12 yield sensitivity of 61.3%, specificity of 82.7%. The model also had achieved similar performance in the external validation dataset. In conclusion, this model can be a practical tool to identify and triage population at high risk of cirrhosis in at-risk alcohol drinkers without HBV/HCV infection.

Prevention Relevance:
The risk model we developed will not only be used as a practical tool to triage high risk groups for liver cirrhosis, but also have implications for public health measures, such as guidelines for the prevention of liver cancer, in at-risk alcohol drinkers without HBV/HCV infection.
Cancer Immunotherapies Based on Genetically Engineered Macrophages
Authors: Cannac Marion , Nikolic Jovan , Benaroch Philippe 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Anticancer immunotherapies are therapeutics aimed at eliciting immune responses against tumor cells. Immunotherapies based on adoptive transfer of engineered immune cells have raised great hopes of cures because of the success of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in treating some hematologic malignancies. In parallel, advances in detailed analyses of the microenvironment of many solid tumors using high-dimensional approaches have established the origins and abundant presence of tumor-associated macrophages. These macrophages have an anti-inflammatory phenotype and promote tumor growth through a variety of mechanisms. Attempts have been made to engineer macrophages with chimeric receptors or transgenes to counteract their protumor activities and promote their antitumor functions such as phagocytosis of cancer cells, presentation of tumor antigens, and production of inflammatory cytokines. In this review, we cover current breakthroughs in engineering myeloid cells to combat cancer as well as potential prospects for myeloid-cell treatments.
Half‐Dose (45 mg Twice Daily) Ticagrelor Versus Clopidogrel in Neuroendovascular Dual Antiplatelet Therapy: A Single‐Center Cohort Study
Authors: Mehta Tapan , Topiwala Karan , Masood Kamaran , Grande Andrew , Tummala Ramachandra , Jagadeesan Bharathi 
Published: September 2022

Background
Cardiovascular literature has found aspirin‐based dual antiplatelet therapy using half‐dose ticagrelor (45 mg BID [T45]) to be superior to standard‐dose clopidogrel (75 mg once daily) in achieving lower P2Y12 reaction units without resulting in an increased incidence of intracranial hemorrhage. We present the first neuroendovascular experience based on T45 versus standard‐dose clopidogrel dual antiplatelet therapy in patients undergoing stent‐assist coiling/flow diversion as treatment for unruptured intracranial aneurysms.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study comparing patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy with T45+aspirin 81 mg daily (group 1) with those receiving standard‐dose clopidogrel+aspirin 325 mg daily (group 2). The primary outcome was ischemic stroke occurring intraoperatively or within 48 hours postoperatively. The secondary outcomes were delayed ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, and 6‐month angiographic result.

Results

A total of 111 patients met the final inclusion criteria: group 1/T45 (37.8%, n=42) and group 2/standard‐dose clopidogrel (62.2%, n=69). The median (interquartile range) P2Y12 reaction units was significantly lower in group 1 (69; 37–124) versus group 2 (135; 75.5–175.5;
P
=0.027). However, there was no significant difference in the number of patients achieving therapeutic preprocedural P2Y12 reaction units (<194 at our institution's laboratory; 85.3% versus 81.2%;
P
=0.643). Primary outcome was comparable: group 1, 7.1% (n=3) versus group 2, 1.5% (n=1;
P
=0.149). All secondary outcomes were also comparable: delayed ischemic stroke (9.8% versus 4.4%;
P
=0.270), intracranial hemorrhage (4.1% versus 0%;
P
=0.129), access‐site bleeding requiring transfusion (0% versus 2.9%;
P
=0.526), and 6‐month Raymond–Roy score (
P
=0.642).

Conclusions
T45‐based dual antiplatelet therapy may be feasible in neuroendovascular interventions with comparable ischemic and hemorrhagic outcomes. This hypothesis needs to be further explored in larger prospective clinical trials.
Trois figures de l’adab ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd al-Kātib, Ibn al-Muqaffaʿ et al-Ǧāḥiẓ : une étude comparative
Authors: Natij Salah 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In an approach which aims at reconstructing the concept of adab, we evoke in this study three figures of the thought of the adab (ʿAbdallah b. al-Muqaffaʿ m. 142/759, ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd al-Kātib m. 132/750 and Abū ʿUtman b. Baḥr al-Ǧāḥiz m. 255/868), by comparing their styles of thought and their intellectual attitudes at the same time in the field of the adab and in the political system of their times. Our objective is to show how each of three studied figures takes care of the thought of the adab and updates it. We speak about figures of the adab because we think that through these three personalities, the concept of adab is not only developed and expressed, but also acted, that is, brought to realization and actualization in different ways, depending on the sense of commitment of each of the three thinkers both intellectually and politically.
Diagnosing Scale-Dependent Energy Cycles in a High-Resolution Isopycnal Ocean Model
Authors: Loose Nora , Bachman Scott , Grooms Ian , Jansen Malte 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Energy exchanges between large-scale ocean currents and mesoscale eddies play an important role in setting the large-scale ocean circulation but are not fully captured in models. To better understand and quantify the ocean energy cycle, we apply along-isopycnal spatial filtering to output from an isopycnal 1/32° primitive equation model with idealized Atlantic and Southern Ocean geometry and topography. We diagnose the energy cycle in two frameworks: 1) a non-thickness-weighted framework, resulting in a Lorenz-like energy cycle, and 2) a thickness-weighted framework, resulting in the Bleck energy cycle. This paper shows that framework 2 is more useful for studying energy pathways when an isopycnal average is used. Next, we investigate the Bleck cycle as a function of filter scale. Baroclinic conversion generates mesoscale eddy kinetic energy over a wide range of scales and peaks near the deformation scale at high latitudes but below the deformation scale at low latitudes. Away from topography, an inverse cascade transfers kinetic energy from the mesoscales to larger scales. The upscale energy transfer peaks near the energy-containing scale at high latitudes but below the deformation scale at low latitudes. Regions downstream of topography are characterized by a downscale kinetic energy transfer, in which mesoscale eddies are generated through barotropic instability. The scale- and flow-dependent energy pathways diagnosed in this paper provide a basis for evaluating and developing scale- and flow-aware mesoscale eddy parameterizations.

Significance Statement
Blowing winds provide a major energy source for the large-scale ocean circulation. A substantial fraction of this energy is converted to smaller-scale eddies, which swirl through the ocean as sea cyclones. Ocean turbulence causes these eddies to transfer part of their energy back to the large-scale ocean currents. This ocean energy cycle is not fully simulated in numerical models, but it plays an important role in transporting heat, carbon, and nutrients throughout the world’s oceans. The purpose of this study is to quantify the ocean energy cycle by using fine-scale idealized numerical simulations of the Atlantic and Southern Oceans. Our results provide a basis for how to include unrepresented energy exchanges in coarse global climate models.
Hurricanes Laura and Sally: A Case Study of Evacuation Decision-Making in the Age of COVID-19
Authors: Collins Jennifer , Polen Amy , Dunn Elizabeth , Jernigan Isabelle , McSweeney Killian , Welford Mark , Lackovic Michelle , Colón-Burgos Delián , Zhu Yi-Jie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study examines risk perceptions and evacuation planning for those residents affected by Hurricane Laura—the first major hurricane evacuation during the COVID-19 pandemic—and Hurricane Sally, prior to the widespread availability of vaccines. Research on hurricane evacuation behavior and risk perceptions during a pandemic is critical for quantifying the intersect of these compounding threats. Analyses captured how people perceive public shelters and whether evacuation choices changed in light of the pandemic. Many study participants considered themselves vulnerable to COVID-19 (39.4%), and two-thirds believed it would be “very serious” if they or their loved ones contracted COVID-19, but this had no impact on their actual evacuation decision-making. Approximately 75% of the sample stayed at home during Hurricanes Laura or Sally, and, of these, just over 80% indicated that COVID-19 was a somewhat important deciding factor. This reflects the partial role that COVID-19 played in balancing individual and household protective action decision-making during complex disasters, whereas 15.5% wanted to evacuate but waited until it was too late. For those who evacuated to a hotel, many found that staff and guests wore masks and socially distanced in common spaces. Of particular interest is that individuals have a continued negative perception of public shelters’ ability to safeguard against COVID-19 that was coupled with a significant decrease in the number of respondents that would potentially use shelters in 2020 as compared with before the COVID-19 pandemic. These results have informed and will inform future hazard mitigation planning during the current pandemic or future pandemics or infectious disease outbreaks.
Coexpression of lymphocyte-activation gene 3 and programmed death ligand-1 in tumor infiltrating immune cells predicts worse outcome in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Lee Chan Ho , Jung Soo Jin , Seo Won Ik , Chung Jae Il , Lee Dae Sim , Jeong Dae Hoon , Jeon Youkyoung , Choi Inhak 
Published: September 2022

Objectives Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) represents a potential immune checkpoint target for cancer treatment. We investigated LAG-3 expression and its prognostic value in patients with surgically treated clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and correlated LAG-3 expression with programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1). Methods We evaluated LAG-3 and PD-L1 expression using immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays incorporating 134 primary excision specimens of clear cell RCC (ccRCC). The patients were analyzed as two groups: the whole cohort and those with metastatic RCC (mRCC). The cancer genome atlas (TCGA) data analysis of LAG-3 was done through UALCAN web servers. Results Using the UALCAN cancer transcriptional data analysis, we found that LAG-3 was overexpressed in ccRCC. LAG-3 expression was significantly correlated with PD-L1 expression in the whole cohort and in the mRCC group (all, p < 0.05). Both LAG-3⁺ RCC and PD-L1⁺ RCC presented with a higher TNM stage and higher Fuhrman nuclear grade (all, p < 0.05). PD-L1⁺/LAG-3⁺ RCC and PD-L1⁻/LAG-3⁺ RCC showed poorer cancer-specific survival (CSS) than PD-L1⁻/LAG-3⁻ RCC (all, p = 0.01). Similarly, PD-L1⁺/LAG-3⁺ mRCC and PD-L1⁻/LAG-3⁺ mRCC showed poorer CSS than PD-L1⁻/LAG-3⁻ mRCC (all, p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that PD-L1⁺/LAG-3⁺ mRCC (hazard ratio: 3.19; 95% CI: 0.77–13.67; p = 0.033) was a predictor of poor CSS. Conclusion Both LAG-3⁺ and PD-L1⁺ RCC have adverse pathological features, and their coexpression predicts worse clinical outcomes. Our findings suggest LAG-3 blockade in combination with programmed cell death 1/PD-L1 blockade as a potential therapeutic approach for RCC.
Sleep Deprivation Among School-Going Adolescents in an Urban Setting in Kerala (India); Descriptive Study
Authors: Zacharia George , Sreenivasan Priya , Iyer Gayathri S. , Reghunath Anakha , Shajahan Muhammod Rishad 
Published: September 2022

Objectives: To study the prevalence of sleep deprivation (SLD) and associated risk factors among school-going adolescents of 9th to 12th grades (13-18 years) in an urban setting in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. Study Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Methodology: The participants were selected through random sampling. Self-administered structured questionnaire focusing on sleep habits, study habits, before bed screen-time, and parental sleep habits was administered to them. Weight and height were measured to calculate Body Mass Index. Results: Out of the 426 students, 29 were excluded and 302 students (76.07%) had SLD. Mean age was 15.79 years (standard deviation: 1.23). Univariate analysis showed adolescents above 15 years (odds ratio [OR] = 2203, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.380-3.517), students of 11th and 12th (OR = 2.205, 95% CI: 1.380-3.523), sleeping after 10 PM (OR = 19.617, 95% CI: 10.586-36.355), waking up before 6 AM (OR = 2.586, 95% CI: 1.554-4.304), sleeping after parents (OR = 2.356, 95% CI: 1.415-3.922) had significant risk. On multivariate analysis, students of 11th and 12th (adjusted OR [aOR] = 3.197, 95% CI: 1.107-9.234), going to bed after 10 PM(aOR = 51.49, 95% CI: 20.211-131.180), waking up before 6 AM (aOR = 51.49, 95% CI: 20.211-131.180), and sleeping after parents (aOR = 1.927, 95% CI: 1.011-3.673) were significant. Conclusion: Prevalence of SLD among adolescents aged 13 to 18 years was 76.07%. Higher secondary classes, going to sleep after 10 PM, waking up before 6 AM, and sleeping after parents had significant SLD. Good sleep habits can be promoted by including their importance in school curriculum.
Lumbar intervertebral foraminal disc extrusion in a cat
Authors: Ryan Daniel , Cherubini Giunio Bruto 
Published: September 2022

Case summary A 10-year-old domestic longhair cat was presented for investigations into a 4-day history of acute-onset lethargy, hyporexia and right pelvic limb lameness. Based upon the neurological examination, a right femoral nerve localisation was suspected. Pelvic radiographs identified a dorsally displaced L5–L6 intervertebral disc, with subsequent MRI suggestive of a right L5–L6 neuritis secondary foraminal intervertebral disc extrusion. Medical management, consisting of rest and analgesia, resulted in near-complete resolution of clinical signs in 37 days. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, this is the first report of a lumbar foraminal intervertebral disc extrusion in a cat and should be considered on the differential list for acute-onset pelvic limb lameness in the absence of neurological deficits.