bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peritoneal antiseptic irrigation to prevent surgical site infection after laparotomy for hepatobiliary or gastrointestinal surgery (PAISI) – Study protocol for a double-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mueller Tara Catharina , Kehl Victoria , Egert-Schwender Silvia , Friess Helmut , Novotny Alexander , Reim Daniel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Postoperative surgical site infections (SSI) remain common after laparotomy for resections of the gastrointestinal or hepatobiliary tract. Especially CDC class III SSIs (organ/space) can be life-threatening, require relaparotomy, intensive care or interventional drainage of intraabdominal abscesses. The PAISI study aims to investigate whether the use of prophylactic peritoneal irrigation with NaOCl/HOCl solution can reduce the SSI rates following laparotomy for resections of the gastrointestinal or hepatobiliary tract, compared to standard irrigation with physiological electrolyte solution (Ringer’s solution). Secondarily, to evaluate whether the use of prophylactic peritoneal irrigation with NaOCl/HOCl solution can reduce postoperative morbidity and mortality as well as the rate of re-operations and length of hospital stay.Methods: PAISI is a prospective, randomized, observer- and patient-blinded, monocentric, two-arm surgical study in an adaptive parallel groups design, comparing peritoneal and wound irrigation with NaOCl/HOCl (50/50ppm) solution to irrigation with Ringer’s solution. The primary endpoint of the study is the SSI rate within 30 days postoperatively. Since there is no data on incidence rates from randomized clinical trials, the rates for sample size calculation were estimated according to the clinical experience at our institution. Therefore, the study design includes one unblinded look at the data by a second statistician, which will be performed after half of the patients reached the primary endpoint. This interim information will be used to check the assumptions and if needed, the sample size will be adjusted. The O’Brien-Fleming spending function is used to determine the efficacy test boundary and the non-binding futility boundary. The one-sided z-test (Group sequential test of two proportions) at the 2.5% significance level with a total of two looks at the data will have overall 80% power.Discussion: The results of this study will provide high-level evidence for future research and clinical recommendations regarding the use of NaOCl/HOCl solution in abdominal surgery and provide the participating patients the opportunity of a potentially improved treatment.Trial registration: The study was registered at the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) on the 27.05.2022, number DRKS00028037.
Performance and Design analysis of High Speed Charge Shared Dynamic Comparator for ADC Architecture in VLSI Application
Authors: Yadav Anurag , Wairya Subodh 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
An ultimate requirement of the less power, high speed and energy efficient analog to digital converters (ADCs) have given immense popularity to dual stage positive feedback based dynamic regenerative clocked comparators. In this paper, a dynamic comparator based on shared charge logic is proposed. The latch of the proposed comparator uses a PMOS transistor, which greatly reduces delay and power consumption. This, design can operate at maximum frequency of 2GHz at supply voltage of 0.8V. This circuit is designed with CMOS 90nm and 45-nm technology along with implementation in CNTFET 10-nm technology. The proposed architecture consumes power of 3.3 µW and delay of 58.4ps at 0.8V supply voltage, 5mV input difference voltage, 0.7V common mode voltage. The power consumption is 81.4% less when compared with CNTFET based proposed architecture. Thus, CNTFET technology is proving to be power efficient and can operate at supply voltage as low as 0.4V.The Monte Carlo simulation of proposed architecture for power, delay, PDP and energy efficiency is also demonstrated in this paper along with process corner analysis. Monte Carlo simulations for mismatch analysis and input offset voltage for proposed comparator are done. Mathematical analysis is done for the delay of the proposed comparator. A high performing 3-bit Flash ADC architecture is implemented using proposed dynamic comparator. This Flash ADC architecture is simulated on 90nm technology which results in large reduction in static power consumption.
Effects of enzalutamide, apalutamide, and darolutamide in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer with or without docetaxel: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Zhuofan , Zhang Yifan , Luo Mayao , Lv Shidong , wei qiang , dang qiang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Recently, treatment of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) has been significantly advanced. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) was the standard of care for decades. However, as the primary mHSPC treatment, several next-generation androgen receptor inhibitors (NGARIs), such as enzalutamide, apalutamide, and darolutamide are increasingly used. Methods: A systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) was designed to compare the effects of enzalutamide, apalutamide, and darolutamide with or without docetaxel, a taxoid antineoplastic chemotherapy. We searched three databases (Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane) until March 2022 for patients with mHSPC who were treated with ADT in combination with one of three NGARIs. Docetaxel was administered to few patients. Overall survival (OS) was the primary endpoint.Results: Survival data were extracted from four trials. It was selected after careful review of 1517 articles. Comparison with ADT monotherapy, combination therapy with enzalutamide, apalutamide, or darolutamide significantly increased OS. Enzalutamide was ranked the first, with an estimated 70.08% probability, followed by apalutamide (66.97%) and darolutamide (62.80%). When administered in combination with docetaxel, darolutamide had the lowest hazard ratio (HR) compared to ADT monotherapy (HR: 0.85, 95% credible interval [CrI]: 0.79–0.91). However, enzalutamide (HR: 0.96, 95% CrI: 0.81–1.1) and apalutamide (HR: 1.1, 95% CrI: 0.75–1.6) did not significantly prolong the OS time. Conclusion: The results of this systematic review and NMA suggest that enzalutamide may be the preferred therapy for mHSPC, followed by apalutamide and darolutamide. Furthermore, NGARIs have been shown to be more effective in patients with mHSPC than ADT. However, only darolutamide may increases OS when combined with docetaxel. Further, there were some potentially critical differences between these trials, such as study design, exist that might affect the outcome. Therefore, when choosing treatment options for different patients with mHSPC, these differences should be considered prior to deciding the best therapy for the patient.
Determination of Anti-aging Effect of Comfrey Cell Suspension Culture Extract on Human Normal Fibroblast Cells
Authors: Çallı Ayşenur , Bodurlar Yıldız , Korkut Senay Vural 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study was a purpose to investigate the anti-aging activity of Comfrey cell suspension culture (CCSC) extract. The effects of CCSC extract on human normal fibroblast cells (CRL-2076) were examined. Comfrey callus and suspension culture were obtained in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium including 1 mg/L 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2.4-D). Total phenolic contents were determined in CCSC lyophilizes, the highest phenolic content was found to be 1181 µM gallic acid equivalent in the extract prepared with 70% ethanol solvent. The half-life concentration (IC50 value) of the extract was determined as 83 µg/ml with 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity. It was found that CCSC extract incubated for 48 h did not reduce cell viability on CRL-2076 cells at doses of 100 and 200 µg/mL. The addition of the CCSC extract at 100 µg/mL concentration to aged CRL-2076 cells increased the collagen type 1 alpha 1 (COL1A1) gene expression level 1.2-fold, elastin (ELN) gene expression level 1.4-fold, and hyaluronan synthase 3 (HAS3) gene expression level 1.4-fold. However, the addition of the CCSC extract at 200 µg/mL concentration to aged CRL-2076 cells increased the COL1A1 gene expression level 1.3-fold, ELN gene expression level 2.7-fold, and HAS3 gene expression level 1.7-fold. In the study, CCSC extract was shown to have anti-aging properties on CRL-2076 cells, suggesting that CCSC extract can be used as active raw material in natural anti-aging cosmetic products.
Low Back Pain and Motor Control Dysfunction After Pregnancy- The Possible Role of Abdominal Rectus Muscle Diastasis
Authors: Tuominen Reetta , Jahkola Tiina , Mikkonen Jani , Luomajoki Hannu , Arokoski Jari , Vironen Jaana 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
PURPOSE Pregnancy-related low back pain is common. Persistent postpartum abdominal diastasis recti may cause back pain and motor control dysfunction. The role of diastasis in pregnancy-related back pain is under debate. The aim of this study was to compare participants with increased symptoms after index pregnancy with those reporting no change in back pain or subjective movement control and analyzed their inter rectus distance (IRD).METHODS: This study is a case-control study of a cohort of women who had delivered a year earlier. We recruited participants with increased symptoms (n=14) after index pregnancy and controls (n=41) and recorded their inter rectus distance with ultrasound. A questionnaire was filled, and an ultrasound was performed two times for the study groups.RESULTS: At the baseline there was no significant difference in IRD between cases and controls (mean 2.45±1.01 cm and 2.09±1.03 cm respectively). A year after index pregnancy cases had significantly wider IRD than controls (mean 3.45±0.90 cm and 2.40±0.79 cm respectively). Motor control dysfunction tests were not associated with core stability problems or back pain in this cohort. There was a difference in sit-up test between cases and controls (mean 4.7±4.2 and 8.2±3.9 respectively).CONCLUSION Women who reported increased back pain and core instability after index pregnancy had wider inter rectus diameter compared to controls. In case group with more symptom after pregnancy the classification of ARD changed from mild abdominal rectus diastasis (2-3cm) to moderate (>3-5cm). Abdominal rectus diastasis may have a role in persistent pregnancy related lumbopelvic pain.
Subcritical Water Treatment of Nigerian Cassava Peels for Liquefaction and Characterization
Authors: Ogbonna Jane Chizie , Nakajima Mitsutoshi , Neves Marcos , Ogbonna James Chukwuma 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cassava peels are currently underutilized with about 23 million metric tons discarded annually in Africa as by-products, causing environmental pollution. However, cassava peels have been reported to consist about 50% total polysaccharides including fibers. Subcritical water treatment also referred to as hydrothermal liquefaction, which is a green technology using only water as solvent for liquefaction of compounds was employed in this study to liquefy the cassava peel. The liquefied solid was further characterized by determining the liquefaction yield, total carbohydrate, total phenol and cyanide contents. Cassava peels liquefaction yield reached 68.4% at a treatment temperature of 140°C but decreased to 38.4% at 200°C. Cassava peels liquefied at 140°C also had the highest total phenol contents. High temperature denatures total phenolic compounds, hence the resulting maximum concentration of 0.23 mg/g was obtained at 140°C. The cyanide content decreased sharply from 5.58 µg/ml at 25°C to 2.1 µg/ml at 200°C.The total carbohydrate content was also highest at a treatment temperature of 140°C. The liquefied cassava peel showed good emulsification property. These results suggest that subcritical water treatment of cassava peel can be used for liquefaction as an environmentally friendly technology and that the liquefied solid have some potential industrial applications.
Correlation of Helicobacter pylori infection with atherosclerosis and its risk factors
Authors: Huang Xishun , Qiu Yaohui , Zheng Xuan , Luo Meixuan , Wang Yitao , Yi Jiao , Luo Xiaohua 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective
The correlation of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) with atherosclerosis (AS) was investigated, and its risk factors were analyzed to provide theoretical references for clinical treatment.
Methods
From August 2018 to July 2021, 12560 physical examiners were involved in a physical examination conducted at our center. Herein, some physical examiners were randomly selected as the research objects. Among the subjects, 72 were diagnosed with coronary AS(AS group), 48 with thrombotic stroke (CT group), and 58 with cerebral infarction (CI group). Meanwhile, 100 healthy examiners were assigned to the control group. The enrolled objects were exposed to 13C urea breath test to detect Hp infection. In addition, all subjects were exposed to fasting hemospasia for the detection of the levels of homocysteine (Hcy), uric acid (UA), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG); and their correlations with Hp infection were also analyzed.
Result
The detection rates of Hp in the AS,CI,CT, and control groups were 56.94% (41/72), 60.34% (35/58), 58.33% (28/48), and 27.0% (27/100), respectively. The detection rates of Hp in the AS, CI, and CT groups were significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05); the levels of LDL-C, TC, and TG of the AS,CI, and CT groups were higher than those of the control group, while the HDL-C level of the AS ,CI,and CT groups was lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05); The levels of LDL-C, TC, and TG of the 3 Hp infection groups was higher than those of the Hp-negative group, while the level of HDL of the 3 Hp infection groups was lower than that of the Hp negative group (P < 0.05). When compared with the Hp-negative group, UA, LDL-C, TG, Hcy, and age of the Hp positive group were higher than those of the negative group, while HDL-C of the Hp-positive group was lower than that of the Hp-negative group (P < 0.01). Logical univariate analysis revealed that TC, LDL-C, and age are the risk factors for Hp infection (OR > 1, P < 0.01), while HDL-C is a protection factor against Hp infection (OR < 1, P < 0.01). Logistic multivariate analysis revealed that HDL -C acted as a protective factor against Hp infection (P < 0.01).
Conclusions
Hp and AS exhibited a correlation. Indeed, Hp infection can significantly damage lipid metabolism, and high HDL cholesterol levels can reduce Hp infection, and hence has the potential for use as a vascular protective factor.
Self-stigma in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 40 studies from 25 high- and low-to-middle income countries
Authors: FOND Guillaume , Vidal Martin , joseph morgane , etchecopar-etchart damien , Solmi Marco , Correll Cristoph , Boyer Laurent 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In schizophrenia, it is currently thought that stigma experience is increased by psychotic and depressive symptomatology, exposure to stigma at the workplace, and that self-stigma levels vary across countries without knowing the factors explaining these variations. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to synthetize the data of observational studies comprehensively exploring multiple self-stigma dimensions and associated factors. A systematic literature search without language or time restrictions was conducted in Medline, Google Scholar and Web of Science for studies, last 09/2021. Eligible studies that included ≥ 80% of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and used a validated scale measuring self-stigma dimensions were meta-analyzed using random-effects models, followed by subgroup and meta-regression analyses. Study registration: PROSPERO CRD42020185030. Across 40 studies (n = 7,717) from 25 countries (5 continents), with 20 studies conducted in high-income countries, published between 2007 and 2020 using two scales with total scores ranging 1–4. The mean estimate of perceived stigma was 2.76 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.60–2.94], experienced stigma 2.29 [95%CI = 2.18,2.41], alienation 2.40 [95%CI = 2.29,2.52], stereotype endorsement 2.06 [95%CI = 1.88,2.26], social withdrawal 2.28 [95%CI = 2.17,2.39] and stigma resistance: 2.53 [95%CI = 2.43,2.63]). Self-stigma levels did not reduce over time. Living outside urban areas, low income, singleness, unemployment, high antipsychotic dose and low functioning were associated with different stigma dimensions. Some stigma dimensions were lower in studies carried out in Europe compared to other regions. Most studies published since 2007 report that self-stigma is a particular concern for a specific subgroup of patients. This subgroup is characterized by singleness, unemployment, repeated psychiatric hospitalizations and is also probably more depressed, but data are imprecise to confirm this point. We identified important other missing factors that should be explored to improve the effectiveness of public policies and personalized interventions to reduce self-stigma. Importantly, classical illness severity indices (psychotic severity, age at illness onset, illness duration) and sociodemographic variables (age, sex and education) were not associated with self-stigma, moderating previous findings.
Proteomic analysis demonstrates that Bidens pilosa root exudates differentially impact Pteris multifida gametophyte growth
Authors: Zhang Kaimei , Fan Likun , White Jason , Shen Yu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Novel Weapon Hypothesis (NWH) implicates root exudates as a primary factor for successful take over and destruction of native flora by invasive species. However, the precise mechanisms by which invasive species root exudates mediate this impact are unclear. This study compares and evaluates specific allelochemical impacts on native plants under invasive pressure. Specifically, after 10 days’ exposure, a label-free proteomics was applied to analyze the proteins and responsive pathway in Pteris multifida gametophyte upon exposure to two Bidens pilosa root exudates, undecane and palmitic acid. And each treatment has three biological replicates. The data show that 2183 proteins were detected in the untreated P. multifida gametophyte; 1911 proteins in the gametophyte treated with the undecane, and 2148 proteins in the gametophyte treated with palmitic acid. After exposure for 10 days, undecane treated gametophytes exhibited morphological anomalies and exhibited chlorosis; palmitic acid exposure induced no such effects, although development was delayed relative to the control. Using GO functional protein analysis and KEGG pathways detection, we found that the root exudates played different roles on gammopathy growth. Undecane down regulated fatty acid biosynthesis, damaging the cell and chloroplast membrane, and ultimately leading to cell death. Palmitic acid down regulated flavonoid biosynthesis, compromising the gametophyte photosystem and increasing oxidative stress risk. These findings align with NWH, indicating that the exudate release profile is important to the invasion of non-native species, and have implications for the successful management and control of invasive plant species in agriculture and environment.
Degenerative characteristics of multifidus at different vertebral levels of scoliosis in patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis and relationship of these degenerative characteristics with surface electromyography activity
Authors: Xie Hongru , Liu Jianan , He Yinchuan , Zhang Zepei , Meng Lin , Miao Jun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Previous studies have investigated the imaging changes of the paravertebral muscles (PVM) in patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS); however, most of these studies focused on the apical vertebra (AV) level or compared with the average of the whole-segment measurement. In this study, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with surface electromyography (sEMG) was used to analyze the degenerative characteristics of the multifidus (MF) in patients with DLS at three levels of scoliosis ( upper end vertebra [UEV], AV, and lower end vertebra [LEV]).
Methods
Forty patients with DLS (DLS group) and 40 healthy individuals without lumbar scoliosis (control group) were evaluated. The percentage of fat infiltration area (%FIA) and muscle relative cross-sectional area (rCSA) of the MF at the three levels of scoliosis were measured on MRI, whereas the sEMG activity of the participants in both groups was recorded during action tasks. The imaging parameters, sEMG activity, and relationship between them were analyzed.
Results
In the control group, there were no significant differences in the %FIA, rCSA, or sEMG activation of the MF between the bilateral sides at the three measured levels. In the DLS group, measurement of the MF at the UEV and AV levels showed that the %FIA was larger on the concave than convex side and that the rCSA was smaller on the concave than convex side, but there was no difference between the two parameters at the LEV level. In the standing flexion and extension tasks, the sEMG activation of the MF was higher on the concave than convex side. The coronal Cobb angle was correlated with the difference in the measurement data of the MF at the UEV and AV levels, but not with the difference at the LEV level.
Conclusion
The MF in patients with DLS has the same degenerative features at the UEV and AV levels, with the concave side showing greater degeneration; however, there are different degenerative manifestations at the LEV level. The MF degeneration at the UEV and AV levels is the result of spinal deformity, while the muscle changes at the LEV level are more consistent with natural degeneration.
GSK3 inhibitor suppresses cell growth and metabolic process in FLT3-ITD leukemia cells
Authors: Li Tianyu , Xia Jing , Feng Shuxian , Zhou Jian , Zhang Lin , Shi Dingfang , Wang Mengjie , Zhu Yi , Bu Chaozhi , Xu Daming 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3) was recently implicated in the dysregulated biology of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Low concentrations of GSK-3 inhibitors, SB216763 and BIO, suppressed the proliferation of AML cells with FLT3-ITD as early as 24 h after treatment. BIO was used in subsequent assays since it exhibited higher inhibitory effects than SB216763. BIO induced G1 cell cycle arrest by regulating the expression of cyclin D2 and p21 in MV4-11 cells, and promoted apoptosis by regulating the cleaved-caspase3 and AKT signaling pathways. In vivo assays demonstrated that BIO suppressed tumor growth, while metabolomics assay showed that BIO reduced the levels of ATP and pyruvate in MV4-11 cells suggesting that it inhibited glycolysis. BIO markedly suppressed cell growth and induced apoptosis of AML cells with FLT3-ITD by partially inhibiting glycolysis, suggesting that BIO may be a promising therapeutic candidate for AML.