bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 2D Nanoradiosensitizer Enhances Radiotherapy and Delivers STING Agonists to Potentiate Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Luo Taokun , Nash Geoffrey T. , Jiang Xiaomin , Feng Xuanyu , Mao Jianming , Liu Jianqiao , Juloori Aditya , Pearson Alexander T. , Lin Wenbin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDespite potent preclinical antitumor activity, activation of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) has shown modest therapeutic effects in clinical studies. Many STING agonists, including 2′,3′‐cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP), show poor pharmacokinetic properties for sustaining STING activation in tumors and achieving optimal antitumor efficacy. Improved delivery of STING agonists and their effective combination with other treatments are needed to enhance their therapeutic effects. Herein, a 2D nanoplatform, cGAMP/MOL, is reported via conjugating cGAMP to a nanoscale metal–organic layer (MOL) for simultaneous STING activation and radiosensitization. The MOL not only exhibits strong radiosensitization effects for enhanced cancer killing and induction of immunogenic cell death, but also retains cGAMP in tumors for sustained STING activation. Compared to free cGAMP, cGAMP/MOL elicits stronger STING activation and regresses local tumors upon X‐ray irradiation. Further combination with an immune checkpoint inhibitor bridges innate and adaptive immune systems by activating the tumor microenvironment to elicit systemic antitumor responses.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of Chromenopyrrole Derivative Enabled by Multicomponent Reaction of Isocyanide, Allenoate, and Phenol
Authors: Li Dong , Wang Zhishuang , Zhang Hualin , Lu Ningyi , Cui Lei , Wu Ningmin , Li Chunju , Li Jian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe report here an isocyanide‐based multicomponent reaction to assemble a number of tricyclic chromenopyrrole derivatives with diastereoselectivity. Mechanistically, this protocol employs phenol as electron‐rich species, thus following bicyclization process to approach a series of diverse structures.magnified image
Two‐Dimensional Covalent Heptazine‐Based Framework Enables Highly Photocatalytic Performance for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Zhao Yingnan , Wang Cong , Han Xingqi , Lang Zhongling , Zhao Congcong , Yin Liying , Sun Huiying , Yan Likai , Ren Hongda , Tan Huaqiao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractScreening high‐efficiency 2D conjugated polymers toward visible‐light‐driven overall water splitting (OWS) is one of the most promising but challenging research directions to realize solar‐to‐hydrogen (STH) energy conversion and storage. “Mystery molecule” heptazine is an intriguing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) building block. By covalently linking with the electron‐rich alkynyl and phenyl oxygen evolution reaction (OER) active units, 10 experimentally feasible 2D covalent heptazine‐based frameworks (CHFs) are constructed and screened four promising visible‐light‐driven OWS photocatalysts, which are linked by p‐phenyl (CHF‐4), p‐phenylenediynyl (CHF‐7), m‐phenylenediynyl (CHF‐8), and phenyltriynyl (CHF‐9), respectively. Their HER and OER active sites achieve completely spatially separated, where HER active sites focus on heptazine units and OER active sites located on alkynyl or phenyl units. Their lower overpotentials allow them to spontaneously trigger the surface OWS reaction under their own light‐induced bias without using any sacrificial agents and cocatalysts. Among them, CHF‐7 shows the best photocatalytic performance with an ideal STH energy conversion efficiency estimated at 12.04%, indicating that it is a promising photocatalyst for industrial OWS. This work not only provides an innovative idea for the exploration of novel polymer photocatalysts for OWS but also supplies a direction for the development of heptazine derivatives.
A behaviorally anchored assessment tool for bedside teaching in the emergency department
Authors: Ijaz Hamza , Stull Matthew , McDonough Erin , Paulsen Robbie , Hill Jeffrey 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEvaluating a resident's development as a bedside educator in the emergency department (ED) is challenging. Teaching consults, where trainees are observed and assessed in their teaching skills, have been used to improve bedside teaching. Within emergency medicine, there are a few assessment tools to evaluate a clinician's bedside teaching, with the majority focusing on faculty. A user‐friendly assessment tool adapted to the ED that emphasizes behaviorally anchored, milestone‐based evaluations for residents has yet to be developed. We sought to develop such an assessment tool for evaluating residents' bedside teaching in the ED. Using a nominal‐group consensus‐building technique, we derived the bedside teaching assessment tool. The consensus‐building panel was composed of clinician‐educators with extensive experience in resident education. The teaching consult process consisted of the consultant, a faculty member with a focus in medical education, directly observing a resident's bedside teaching throughout their shift while filling out the evaluation form based on observed behaviors. A total of 35 consults were provided to 30 individual residents. The mean (±SD) scores for the 35 consults for the learning climate, content teaching, supervision, feedback and evaluation, and self‐assessment were 3.84 (±0.75), 3.56 (±0.58), 3.70 (±0.60), 3.64 (±0.77), and 3.92 (±0.45), respectively. The median scores for the above domains were 4, 3.5, 4, 3.5, and 4, respectively. The tool has acceptable internal consistency with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.723 (95% CI 0.469–0.839). Eleven of 13 (85%) residents who provided feedback agreed or strongly agreed that the quantitative feedback provided by the assessment tool was useful. Twelve of 13 (92%) residents found the consultation process to be unobtrusive to their clinical performance. In conclusion, this novel behaviorally anchored assessment tool for bedside teaching can serve as a useful adjunct to a teaching consult and provide useful feedback for the development of residents' bedside teaching skills.
The simulated newsroom: A novel educational innovation to teach advocacy skills to resident physicians
Authors: Bigham Blair L. , Lavelle Conor , Hulme Jennifer , Hayman Kate 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNeed for InnovationAdvocacy is a key competency of Canadian residency education, yet physicians seldom engage with supraclinical advocacy efforts upon completion of training.Objective of innovationThe objective was to equip participants with the knowledge and skills required to engage as physician‐advocates in their communities using opinion writing as a tool.Developmental processWe used Kern's six‐step framework to leverage a common medical training method, simulation, to teach journalistic skills related to advocacy in our novel “simulated newsroom.” Two emergency physicians with journalism training and workplace experience developed simulated newsroom workshops. The simulated newsroom consisted of participants acting as journalists and the expert facilitator acting as a news editor over two workshops. The participants were encouraged to write and workshop an article with colleagues.EvaluationParticipants were invited to participate in a semistructured focus group and to submit their article for qualitative analysis. Focus group transcripts and written work were qualitatively analyzed to understand acceptability and feasibility and how participants might engage as future health advocates.OutcomesTwelve participants registered for the workshops and six attended. All six participated in the focus group; four submitted written work. The innovation bolstered participants' confidence in advocacy through the popular press and provided demonstrable skills in opinion writing. Participants valued the workshop as a voluntary component of residency education led by physicians with journalism expertise.DiscussionThe simulated newsroom may be an effective mechanism for increasing confidence and competence in advocacy writing.
The role of the University of Padua medical school in the study of conjoined twins between 18th and early 19th century
Authors: Magno Giovanni , Boer Lucas L. , Oostra Roelof‐Jan , Zanatta Alberto 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Medical School of Padua (Italy) contributed profoundly to the study of teratology. Many famous physicians and professors of medicine, such as Liceti, Vallisneri, Morgagni, and Malacarne, have studied and investigated these anomalies to better understand the causes and to find a potential explanation, often preserving the specimens for future studies. The present study highlights some historical cases of conjoined twins and a conjoined triplet preserved at the Morgagni Museum of Human Anatomy to show the development of medical theories in the teratological field between the 18th and early 19th century. This approach will provide insights into different study methods and ideas of some of the most famous scholars working in Padua at that time. The current article focuses on rare cases, both human and animal, that were encountered by physicians who worked in the Veneto area in the late 18th and early 19th century. Their detailed descriptions are not only of historical but also of contemporary dysmorphological value.
Formation of a Strong Heterogeneous Aluminum Lewis Acid on Silica
Authors: Samudrala Kavyasripriya K. , Huynh Winn , Dorn Rick W. , Rossini Aaron J. , Conley Matthew P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAl(OC(CF3)3)(PhF) reacts with silanols present on partially dehydroxylated silica to form well‐defined ≡SiOAl(OC(CF3)3)2(O(Si≡)2) (1).27Al NMR and DFT calculations with a small cluster model to approximate the silica surface show that the aluminum in1adopts a distorted trigonal bipyramidal coordination geometry by coordinating to a nearby siloxane bridge and a fluorine from the alkoxide. Fluoride ion affinity (FIA) calculations follow experimental trends and show that1is a stronger Lewis acid than B(C6F5)3and Al(OC(CF3)3)(PhF) but is weaker than Al(OC(CF3)3) andiPr3Si+. Cp2Zr(CH3)2reacts with1to form [Cp2ZrCH3][≡SiOAl(OC(CF3)3)2(CH3)] (3) by methide abstraction. This reactivity pattern is similar to reactions of organometallics with the proposed strong Lewis acid sites present on Al2O3.
Excited State Charge‐Transfer Complexes Enable Fluorescence Color Changes in a Supramolecular Cyclophane Mechanophore
Authors: Thazhathethil Shakkeeb , Muramatsu Tatsuya , Tamaoki Nobuyuki , Weder Christoph , Sagara Yoshimitsu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMechanochromic mechanophores are reporter molecules that indicate mechanical events through changes of their photophysical properties. Supramolecular mechanophores in which the activation is based on the rearrangement of luminophores and/or quenchers without any covalent bond scission, remain less well investigated. Here, we report a cyclophane‐based supramolecular mechanophore that contains a 1,6‐bis(phenylethynyl)pyrene luminophore and a pyromellitic diimide quencher. In solution, the blue monomer emission of the luminophore is largely quenched and a faint reddish‐orange emission originating from a charge‐transfer (CT) complex is observed. A polyurethane elastomer containing the mechanophore displays orange emission in the absence of force, which is dominated by the CT‐emission. Mechanical deformation causes a decrease of the CT‐emission and an increase of blue monomer emission, due to the spatial separation between the luminophore and quencher. The ratio of the two emission intensities correlates with the applied stress.
Bismuth‐Mediated α‐Arylation of Acidic Diketones with ortho‐Substituted Boronic Acids
Authors: Ruffell Katie , Argent Stephen P. , Ling Kenneth B. , Ball Liam T. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe α‐arylation of cyclic and fluoroalkyl 1,3‐diketones is made challenging by the highly stabilized nature of the corresponding enolates, and is especially difficult for sterically demanding aryl partners. As a general solution to this problem, we report the Bi‐mediated oxidative coupling of acidic diones and ortho‐substituted arylboronic acids. Starting from a bench‐stable bismacycle precursor, a sequence of B‐to‐Bi transmetallation, oxidation and C−C bond formation furnishes the arylated diones. Development of methodology that tolerates both sensitive functionality and steric demand is supported by interrogation of key reactive intermediates. Application of our strategy to cyclic diones enables the concise synthesis of important agrochemical intermediates which were previously prepared using toxic Pb reagents. This methodology also enables the first ever arylation of fluoroalkyl diones which, upon condensation with hydrazine, provides direct access to valuable fluoroalkyl pyrazoles.
Nearly‐Unity Quantum Yield and 12‐Hour Afterglow from a Transparent Perovskite of Cs2NaScCl6:Tb
Authors: Wang Xiaojia , Zhang Xiangzhou , Yan Shao , Liu Hong , Zhang Yuhai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUnlike afterglow phosphors, transparent crystals free of scattering issues hold great potential in applications such as volumetric displays and three‐dimensional encryption. Here, a double‐perovskite host of ca. 85 % transparency, a Cs2NaScCl6 single crystal, was grown in aqueous solution. Through heavy doping of Tb ions, the crystal exhibited a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY) up to 98.2 %. Both steady‐state and transient PL spectroscopic investigation revealed a cross‐relaxation efficiency (ηCR≈99 %) between Tb ions, greatly mitigated the electron saturation on the 5D3 level and encouraged the radiative route against quenching. The doped crystal displayed an intense afterglow of up to 12 h after ceasing the X‐ray excitation, allowing it to be used in a radiation‐storage battery which has a linear scaling capacity with loading weight. Our work opens possibilities in photo‐stimulated volumetric display and three‐dimensional information storage.
Nearly‐Unity Quantum Yield and 12‐Hour Afterglow from a Transparent Perovskite of Cs2NaScCl6:Tb
Authors: Wang Xiaojia , Zhang Xiangzhou , Yan Shao , Liu Hong , Zhang Yuhai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUnlike afterglow phosphors, transparent crystals free of scattering issues hold great potential in applications such as volumetric displays and three‐dimensional encryption. Here, a double‐perovskite host of ca. 85 % transparency, a Cs2NaScCl6single crystal, was grown in aqueous solution. Through heavy doping of Tb ions, the crystal exhibited a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY) up to 98.2 %. Both steady‐state and transient PL spectroscopic investigation revealed a cross‐relaxation efficiency (ηCR≈99 %) between Tb ions, greatly mitigated the electron saturation on the5D3level and encouraged the radiative route against quenching. The doped crystal displayed an intense afterglow of up to 12 h after ceasing the X‐ray excitation, allowing it to be used in a radiation‐storage battery which has a linear scaling capacity with loading weight. Our work opens possibilities in photo‐stimulated volumetric display and three‐dimensional information storage.
The impact of COVID‐19 on patients with neurological disorders and their access to healthcare in Africa: A review of the literature
Authors: Uwishema Olivier , Frederiksen Kristian Steen , Correia Inês F. Silva , Mahmoud Ashraf , Onyeaka Helen , Dost Burhan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has hampered the progress of neurological healthcare services for patients across Africa. Before the pandemic, access to these services was already limited due to elevated treatment costs among uninsured individuals, shortage of medicines, equipment, and qualified personnel, immense distance between residing areas and neurological facilities, and a limited understanding of neurological diseases and their presentation by both the health workers and the African population.MethodologyThe databases PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and the National Library of Medicine were searched for literature. All articles on neurological disorders in Africa were considered.AimThis review article explores the challenges of providing the best services for patients suffering from neurological disorders in Africa amid the COVID‐19 pandemic and provides evidence‐based recommendations.ResultsAs Africa's governments made more resources available to support patients affected by COVID‐19, neurological care received less priority and the capacity and competency to treat patients with neurological disorders thus suffered substantially. Both short‐term and long‐term strategies are needed to improve the quality of neurological services after the pandemic in the region.ConclusionTo strengthen Africa's neurological services capability during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic, African governments must ensure appropriate healthcare resource allocation, perform neurology management training, and increase health security measures in medication supply. Long‐term strategies include incorporating responsible finance and resource procurement and advancement of tele‐neurology. International collaboration is essential to promote the sustainable improvement of neurological services in Africa.
Molecular genetic and clinical characteristic analysis of primary signet ring cell carcinoma of urinary bladder identified by a novel OR2L5 mutation
Authors: Alradhi Mohammed , Wen Shuang , Safi Mohammed , Al‐danakh Abdullah , Wang Honglong , Shopit Abdullah , Sun Min , Fan Bo , Li Xiancheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo get a better understanding of the genetic basis of primary signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) of the bladder, which is highly rare and not yet explored. First, by using immunohistochemistry to find histological pathological characteristics. Second, a massively parallel whole‐exome sequencing (WES) was performed on a 58‐year‐old male patient who had painless macroscopic hematuria and was pathologically diagnosed with primary SRCC of the bladder, followed by comparing with genes of ordinary urothelial cancer (UC) from TCGA. Furthermore, a population‐based analysis using the SEER database was performed to investigate the prognosis (SRCC vs. UC). We identified 63 copy number variations (CNVs) with gain counts and 181 CNVs with loss counts. Totally 4515 mutations were discovered in C > T with a success rate of greater than 89%. The most frequently mutated pathway was RTK‐RAS which has 85 genes involved in carcinogenic signaling. Final screening on predisposing genes is performed after filtering based on ACMG. Moreover, several driver genes, including NBN, KCTD18, SPATA13, ANKRD36, OR2L5, MALRD1, and LSMEM1, were detected. Sanger sequencing of germline DNA revealed the presence of a mutant base A/G of OR2L5 in the sequence, which was discovered for the first time in primary SRCC of the bladder. Furthermore, the immunohistochemical profile showed that primary SRCC of the bladder were positive for CK7, CK20, GATA‐3, and expression of CK(AE1/AE2), EMA, and Ki67. In the SEER‐based study, the patients with primary SRCC of the bladder got a worse prognosis compared to those with UC with median months overall survival (OS) 14 vs. 41, respectively, P = 0001, even after adjusting the variables in the Cox regression model, the SRCC of the bladder showed worse survival HR = 1.119, 95% CI = (1.081–1.328), P = 0.0001. These results imply that suppression of potential driver mutations may be a viable adjuvant treatment approach for primary SRCC in the bladder in place of standard chemotherapy, a possibility that warrants further clinical investigation.
Primary malignant epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the pleura: A review and report of a novel case
Authors: Rezvani Alireza , Shahriarirad Reza , Erfani Amirhossein , Ranjbar Keivan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEpithelioid hemangioendothelioma is considered an uncommon tumor originating from vascular tissues. Although this disease is an extremely rare malignant cancer, its pleural subtype is even less common. We discuss a 68‐year‐old man with isolated pleural epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, along with a literature review of all similar cases.
Peanut response to a commercial blend of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and fulvic acid
Authors: Jordan David L. , Hare Andrew T. , Wells Randy 
Published: August 2022

Core Ideas
A commercial blend of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and fulvic acid did not affect peanut yield.
Lack of response to the foliar product was consistent across diverse environments.
A commercial blend of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and fulvic acid is not recommended.
YfeX – A New Platform for Carbene Transferase Development with High Intrinsic Reactivity
Authors: Sosa Alfaro Victor , Waheed Sodiq O. , Palomino Hannah , Knorrscheidt Anja , Weissenborn Martin , Christov Christo Z. , Lehnert Nicolai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCarbene transfer biocatalysis has evolved from basic science to an area with vast potential for the development of new industrial processes. In this study, we show that YfeX, naturally a peroxidase, has great potential for the development of new carbene transferases, due to its high intrinsic reactivity, especially for the N−H insertion reaction of aromatic and aliphatic primary and secondary amines. YfeX shows high stability against organic solvents (methanol and DMSO), greatly improving turnover of hydrophobic substrates. Interestingly, in styrene cyclopropanation, WT YfeX naturally shows high enantioselectivity, generating the trans product with 87 % selectivity for the (R,R) enantiomer. WT YfeX also catalyzes the Si−H insertion efficiently. Steric effects in the active site were further explored using the R232A variant. Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics (QM/MM) calculations reveal details on the mechanism of Si−H insertion. YfeX, and potentially other peroxidases, are exciting new targets for the development of improved carbene transferases.
Capturing a Pentacyclic Fragment‐Based Library Derived from Perophoramidine: Their Design, Synthesis and Evaluation as Anticancer Compounds by DNA Double‐Strand Breaks (DSB) and PARP‐1 Inhibition
Authors: Guha Souvik , Yussif El‐Deeb Ibrahim , Yadav Shalini , Das Ranajit , Dutta Dubey Kshatresh , Baruah Mousumi , Gremaud Ludovic , Sen Subhabrata 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHerein we have reported the discovery of a pentacyclic building block comprised of fused indole‐quinoline and piperidinone from the natural product perophoramidine as a formidable anticancer agent. The compounds were synthesized in six steps where the key steps involved a blue LED mediated intramolecular cyclopropanation of the indole intermediates and concomitant reduction of the associated aryl nitro moiety to nitroso in the molecule. Cytotoxicity screening of the compounds against an array of cancer cells that is, MCF7, HCT116 and A549 demonstrated 0.6 to 9 μM IC50s by few of the compounds. γH2AX immunofluorescence assay of the two most potent molecules from the phenotypic screening with anti‐γ‐H2AX Alexa Fluor 488 antibody revealed extensive DNA damage of the A549 cells which indicated probable PARP inhibition (similar to Perophoramidine). Through molecular docking and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation studies the binding efficiency of our compounds with poly(ADP‐ribose)polymerase 1 (PARP 1) enzyme was determined. Chemiluminescent PARP Assay with Histone‐coated strips indicated that the most active compounds from the phenotypic screening induced PARP‐1 inhibition with IC50s of 1.3→1.5 μM.