bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Inhibitory Effect of Cyperus rotundus L Crude Extracts on Mouth Isolates of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans
Authors: A. M. Najah 
Published: April 2022

Streptococcus mutans is a normal flora bacteria found in human oral cavity, which cause dental caries and bad breathe oder. This project considered as an explorer study for the inhibitory effect of Cyperus rotundus L. crude extract on S. mutans and Candida albicans by agar well diffusion method.Extract of plant with three concentrations (8,16and 32 fold dilution of the MIC) were prepared and investigated for antibacterial activity. The minimal inhibitoryconcentration (MIC) against S. mutans of crude extract was 5 mg/ml. Crude extract also tested for antimicrobial susceptibility compared with standard antibiotic kanamycin. The three concentrations of the extract showed high effect on the growth of Streptococcus mutans. The means of inhibition zone diameters were 20.1, 23.4, and 25.2 mm for Streptococcus mutans. The largest inhibition zone 25.2 mm in diameter was observed in crude concentration 32 X MIC comparing to 17.3 mm in kanamycin.There was moderate effect of the three concentration of extract on the growth of Candida albicans, the means of inhibition zone diameters were 15.3, 20.1, and 21.0mm. The largest inhibition zone 21.0 mm in diameter was observed in crude 32 x MIC comparing to 16.7 mm in amphotreicin B.Although those results support the traditional use of Cyperus rotundus L. for the treatment of dental caries, further study is required for this medicinal plant.
Incidence and Risk Factors of Pre-eclampsia Among Iraqi Pregnant women
Authors: Altaei Anmar , Mohammad Jumah Masoud 
Published: April 2022

Pre-eclampsia is one of the most important gestational disorders that lead to both maternal and fetal bad outcomes. There are many risk factors that areassociated and augment the disease process of pre-eclampsia. Many hypotheses have been introduced to explain why such condition is obviously seen after 20 weeks¢ gestation. The most accepted of these relies on both immunological and vascular involvement. This clinical study was designed to evaluate and report the incidence of the most common risk factors that were associated with preeclampsia. One hundred pre-eclamptic patients and (60) normal pregnant women as controls were collected where all pregnant women received a detailed inquiry about their pregnancies, medical histories and antenatal cares. The study showed that there were certain risk factors significantly associated with pre-eclampsia incidence P<0.05 and these were gestational age (P-0.002), family history (P<0.001), multifetal pregnancy (P-0.009), previous abortion (P<0.001), medical history including UTI and DM (P<0.001) and social status (P-0.002),where as maternal age (P-0.81) and Rh factor (P-0.985) were insignificant risk factors for pre-eclampsia incidence.These findings suggest that gestational age, family history, multifetal pregnancy , previous abortion , medical history including UTI and DM and social status should be considered as important determent risk factors in the evaluation and diagnosis of pre-eclampsia by obstetricians
Comparative study between Metformin, Glibenclamide and their combination in newly diagnosed diabetic (type II) patients in Hawler City
Authors: D. S. Sazan , J.S. Kassim , N.H. Ansam 
Published: April 2022

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complex progressive disorder characterized by impaired insulin sensitivity, reduced insulin secretion and progressive failureof pancreatic β – cells. Type 2 diabetes therapies are initiated with lifestyle changes (diet, exercise) and pharmacologic agents, including oral antidiabeticdrug, among them: sulphonylurea (glibenclamide), Biguanide (metformin) and combination of them.The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy of the drugs, both as monotherapy and in combination, and discussed evidence – based treatment.forty patients with (FPG of 167.9±3.5mg/dl; PPG of 276.3±5.4mg/dl; HbAlcof 8.1±0.2%) were received metformin (500mg tid), and 15 patients with (FPG of 165.1±4.3; PPG of 273.6±5.5; HbAlc of 7.9±0.2) were received glibenclamide (5mg once daily) monotherapy, 35 patients with (FPG of 179±4.1; PPG of 304.4±5.6; HbAlc of 7.9±0.1) were received glibenclamide/metformin (2.5mg/500mg bid) as combination therapy. Blood samples were withdrawn from the patients at pretreatment, then monthly for three months. After 3 months of treatment, patients who received glibenclamide/metformin combination (2.5/500mg) had greater reductions in FPG, PPG and HbAlc (-70.6mg/dl, - 125.3mg/dl, and -2.0% respectively), compared with metformin (-48.8mg/dl, and -88.5mg/dl, -1.6% respectively), or glibenclamide (-52.3mg/dl, -63.5mg/dl, 0.8% respectively). Metformin and glibenclamide/metformin combination had approximately similar effect in reduction of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low – density lipoprotein cholesterol, compared with glibenclamide alone which showed elevation.Metformin significantly increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol where as glibenclamide/metformin combination or glibenclamide alone did notshow that, also metformin reduces body weight significantly in contrast to glibenclamide/metformin and glibenclamide alone ( which is associated withweight gain).Metformin monotherapy and glibenclamide/metformin combination both are effective as an initial treatment of newly diagnosed diabetic patients in Kurdistan region (Hawler city). These two strategies reduced plasma glucose and HbAlc significantly, and both have favorable effect on serum lipid profile,but only metformin had a significant reduction of body weight in diabetic patients.
Identification the Effect of Some Antibiotics on the Activities of Brucella melitensis that Isolated from Patients in Baghdad
Authors: Ibraheem Sumayah Abdul-Hussein 
Published: April 2022

Brucellosis constitutes a major health problem around the world, especially in developing countries. The sensitivity pattern of the Brucella isolates encountered in the most countries, numerous studies were indicated the sensitivity of Brucella melitensis to some antibiotics and resistance to another. The aim of this study to evaluated, in vitro, the effect of single and combination of some antibiotics on the activities of Brucella melitensis.
This study included collection of (100) clinical sample of blood from different hospital in Baghdad. Six isolates of Brucella melitensis were identified and determine according to their biotypes. The susceptibility to different antibiotics was evaluated by disk diffusion method and MICs for some antibiotics used for brucellosis treatment were applied. Some antibiotics combination affect at concentrations of sub MIC on the growth of Brucella melitensis.
Results showed that isolates of Brucella melitensi were sensitive completely to gentamycin, kanamycin and naldixic acid while it’s resistant to lincomycin, rifampicin, ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin and doxycyline.
The MIC to doxycycline and rifampicin were (40 and 5) μg/ml. respectively. There was an important effect on bacterial growth when the following antibiotics were mixed as (doxycyline+ rifampicin). The doxycycline changed the colonies from growth phase )pathogen phase( to intermediate phase while the rifampicin had no effect on colonies. The mixed of doxycycline with rifampicin have effect that change the pathogen phase to non pathogen phase (no growth phase).
By this study, we can conclude a combination of antibiotics should be used to treat Brucellosis, tetracyclines, quinolones, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, rifampicin, and streptomycin are commonly used preparations for this treatment.
Comparing &Evaluating the Effect of Air-Powder Polishing System on the Hot Cure Acrylic Denture Base Material Cured by Different Methods
Authors: Al-Jorani Lateef E , Al–Azzawi Sundus Ismail , Yaseen Ihab Nafea 
Published: April 2022

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of an air-powder polishing system on the hot cure acrylic denture base material, which was cured in the water bath and microwave method, and comparing it with a conventional dental lathe polishing specimens.
Thirty samples were made from the hot cure acrylic resin denture base after being cured in water bath and microwave oven; all samples are condition and then polished. The samples were numbered and divided into two groups (according to the types of curing method), each group consists of 15 specimens and sub divided into three subgroups: airflow polishing in (30 sec.), airflow polishing in (10 sec.) and conventional dental lathe polishing in (2 min.). The average surface roughnesses of the samples have been determined with using the profilometer (surface roughness tester) before and after polishing procedures.
All samples were weighted by using the precision electronic balance before and after polishing procedures to obtain the results. The statistical analysis of the results before polishing procedures showed that there were no statistically significant difference in the surface roughness and weight loss of the hot cure acrylic denture base material for both curing methods, while after polishing treatment by conventional dental lathe polishing (2 min.) and air-powder polishing (10 sec. and 30 sec.), the statistical analysis of the results showed that there were a decrease in the surface roughness and weight loss of the hot cure acrylic resin in the water bath method more than in the microwave method and the best result shown with 2 minutes pumice. The weight loss of the acrylic in the (10 seconds) group polished surfaces was best for the (30 seconds) group when using an air-powder polishing system. So, it is preferred when using this polishing technique especially on the microwave cure method and the air-powder, to be used effectively to polish the acrylic denture base materials using a short period time.
Anti-Neutrophil Antibodies (ANCA) Level in Psoriatic Patients with Different Degree of Severity
Authors: Abd-Ali Al-Hashemi Esra Hassan 
Published: April 2022

Psoriasis is a chronic, autoimmune skin disease with cutaneous manifestations; association of several factors including environmental, genetics and immunological abnormalities with psoriasis is documented.
The acronym ANCA (Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibodies) is defined by an accumulation of autoantibodies with specificity against different granulocytic, monocyte and probably endothelial cytoplasmic antigens include (elastase, lactoferrin, lysozyme and Cathpsin G ), are most commonly found in systemic vasculitis, necrotizing vasculitis and in active generalized wegener's granulomatosis.
The objective of this study is to assess the anti-neutrophil antibody level (ANCA) as inflammatory markers in patients with psoriasis with different degree of severity, correlate the results with the degree of severity and compare the level of these antibodies with those of control group.
This study was conducted from Feb. 2014 to Feb. 2015, blood samples were collected from thirty two persons attending to Al-Karama Teaching Hospital, Baghdad Teaching Hospital and private clinics, sixteen of them having psoriasislabelled as study groups and the rest were free of the disease labelled as control group. The psoriatic patients were classified into three groups according to the degree of severity of the disease as mild (four patients), moderate (four patients) and sever (eight patients), the Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) were used to assess the severity of the disease. Thepatient’sgroup distributed as male (31.2%) and female (62.8%), the serum level of ANCA antibody was measured in thepatient’s serum of different degree of severity and in control group by using EnzymeLinked Immunosorbent Assay technique (ELISA) in laboratory of Al-karama Teaching Hospital.
The results proved that the serum levels of ANCA in psoriatic patients were significantly higher than that of control group in all degree of disease severity when ANOVA test used to analyze the data, also the results reported that the level of anti- elastase and ant-lactoferrin were significantly higherin sever degree group of psoriatic patients than mild and moderate degree groups (p≤0.05)when tested by LSD test, no significant difference was noted between mild and moderate degree groups (p >0.05).
From that we can conclude that autoantibodies against neutrophil antigens are generally associated with inflammatory psoriatic disorder; In addition, the autoantibodies levels were related to the degree of severity of the disease especially antielastase and antilactoferrin
Detection of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumonia using two Sensitivity Methods
Authors: Abdulhasan Ghusoon Ali , Jasim Suzan Yousif , Fadhil Hula Younis 
Published: April 2022

Carbapenems, potent β-lactams antibiotics, were initially used as last-resort treatments for severe Gram-negative bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumonia. These bacteria were considered one of Enterbacteriaceae family associated with pneumonia and urinary tract infection. In the current research, Carbapenems were studied to identify the resistant K. pneumonia isolates and identifying the relation with some β-lactam resistance to avoid their abuse for treatment.
A urine sample got from 80 infected female with chronic urinary tract infection, these samples tested for K. pneumonia and their carbapenemase production. The procedure was based on disc diffusion and Landman e,t al. methods.
The results pointed out that Klebsiella pneumonia is significantly present in patients with urinary tract infection, the carbapenem resistance in disc diffusion and Landman procedure was 100% and 88.5% for meropenem (MEM), while it was 57.2% and 65.4% for imipenem (IPE), respectively. Regarding the carbapenem resistance in same isolate for both (MEM and IPE), 69.23% (18/26) were coincidence and 30.77% (8/26) were mismatch in both methods. In addition, the Landman procedure more accurate than disc diffusion for carbapenem resistance and there is a strong association with Beta-lactam resistance.
It can be conclude that there is a high incidence of carbapenem resistance in local isolates of Klebsiella pneumonia. We recommend to use the supercarba media in diagnoses of bacteria routine work because it is more specific along with disc diffusion method for patients with urinary tract infection and the use of other treatments to decrease the level of resistance.
Study of Hepcidin Level in Samples of Iraqi Patients With Iron Overload and Iron Deficiency Disorders
Authors: AL-Saidi Dahlia Nayeef , ZubairAlqasim Alauldeen Mudhafar 
Published: April 2022

Hepcidin, a regulator of iron recycling and absorption, is a small peptide created by the hepatocytes when there is an increase in body iron and inflammation. It is regarded as a master regulator for the metabolism of iron. Hepcidin decreases iron absorption from food by decreasing the transportation of iron across the enterocytes in the gut mucosa. Hepcidin decreases iron escape from macrophages, which are considered as the main site for storage of iron and decreases iron escape from the liver.
The aim of the study is to determine the properties of hepcidin as a diagnostic test of iron deficiency and to focus on its properties as a diagnostic test in iron overload.
Thirty-four patients with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and thirty patients with beta - thalassemia major were collected randomly from the National center of Hematology and from thalassemia center in Al-Karama Hospital respectively. Together with thirty age and sex matched healthy volunteers were collected as a control.History was taken and physical examination was done. Blood samples were taken; hematological parameters were estimated for all three groups.
High hepcidin level was detected in 30 out of 34 patients with iron deficiency anemia with a mean range of (205.3 ng/ml). High hepcidin level is due to inflammatory conditions. In four patients with iron deficiency anemia, hepcidin levels were low and this is due to anemia and hypoxia. These stimulations decrease hepcidin production. In 30 patients with iron overload, hepcidin concentration was of low level with a mean range of (6.7 ng/ml) and this is due to stress erythropoiesis.
These results suggest that serum hepcidin in iron deficiency anemia patients is high in spite of that the patients were not receiving iron supplement while in iron overload (IOL) patients serum hepcidin level is low mainly because of stress erythropoiesis due to their poor management.
Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts Bacillus Species Isolated From Baghdad Soil Against Some Human Pathogenic Microorganisms
Authors: Ibraheem Khalida Jhalil 
Published: April 2022

Bacillus species are the predominant soil bacteria because of their resistant endospore formation and can produce many different antimicrobial substances.
The main aim of this study was to isolate Bacillus species from soil and investigate their antimicrobial activity against some pathogenic bacteria and fungi isolated from human.
48 soil samples were collected from different region of Baghdad city (Rashidiya, Mahmudiyah, Alkraat and Aldora) during December 2015 and analyzed for the presence of Bacillus species. Bacterial isolates were identified by using different microscopical examination, cultural characteristics, biochemical tests and confirmed by VITEK 2 bacterial identification system. The antimicrobial effects of Bacillus species extracts against some pathogenic bacteria (Gram-positive, Gram-negative) and fungi were examined. The identified Bacillus species included B. polymyxa, B. cereus, B. licheniformis, B. mycoides, B. firmus and B. subtilis.
The results indicate that the bacterial isolates showed antimicrobial activity against all tested pathogenic bacteria and fungi. B. polymyxa showed best activity against most test organisms compare to other Bacillus isolates, follow by B. subtilis, B. cereus, B. licheniformis, B. firmus and B. mycoides.
This study reveals that some Bacillus species have the ability to produce antimicrobial compounds that can be used to control microbial infections in future.
Leptin Level in Newly Diagnosed Iraqi Acromegaly Patients
Authors: Tahir Noor Thair 
Published: April 2022

Acromegaly is a serious endocrine disease resulting from an increase of growth hormone in the blood. Excessive growth hormone secretion may be caused by an adenoma of the pituitary. This study was designed to assess the effect of serum leptin concentration on acromegaly patients with both gender and its relation with some biochemical analysis. The study conducted 96 subjects (48 acromegaly patients and 48 controls) aged between (30-70) years who were attending the National Diabetic Center/ Al-Mustansirya University and AlYarmuk Teaching Hospital. Fasting blood sugar, lipid profile, growth hormone, insulin like growth factor-1, and serum leptin concentrations were measured for each individual. The results explained a significant increased in body mass index, triacylglycerol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, (P<0.05) in acromegaly patients when compared with control group. Fasting blood sugar, serum growth hormone and serum insulin like growth factor-1 concentrations explained a highly significant increased, (P<0.01). While serum leptin concentration was significantly decreased. Fasting blood sugar, triacylglycerol, low density lipoprotein, serum growth hormone, serum insulin like growth factor-1, and serum leptin concentrations showed a significant increased in female patients when compared with male acromegaly patients, (P<0.05). This study showed that higher serum leptin levels with higher concentrations of triacylglycerol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol might play a vital function in the progress of acromegaly disease. Also, high serum leptin levels observed in female acromegaly patients when compared with male acromegaly patients, the present study suggested the role of leptin hormone as one of the biomarkers affecting in acromegaly patients..
Cadmium , nickel and lead in chocolates and candies from Baghdad markets in Iraq.
Authors: Shkhaier Samir Laybi 
Published: April 2022

Background:Foods and food related products are imported or entered to the country by illegal ways , these foods may contain potential contaminants such as heavy metals . Among the most imported foods are chocolates and candieswhich consumed frequently by children. Objective:In this study, selected heavy metals; Cadmium (Cd) , Nickel (Ni) and Lead (Pb) were evaluated in commercial candies and chocolates products that are commonly consumed by children in Iraq. The chocolates which studied were Twix (Germany) , Mars and Galaxy (Emirates)and the candies were Melody Pops (Iraq), Caretos and Lip-Top (India) . Methods:Prospective study was done in Baghdad from January to April 2017. 60 samples of three brands of chocolates and threebrands of candies (10 samples for each brand) were analyzed for their content of Cd , Ni and Pb. Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (ETAAS) was used for determination of metals under study . Results:Mean levels of Cd in three types of chocolates were 0.3282± 0.0203 µg/g in Twix chocolate , 0.323± 0.03199 µg/g in Mars chocolate and 0.329± 0.01912µg/g in Galaxy chocolate whereas mean levels of Cd in three types of candies were 0.0947± 0.00386 µg/g in Lip-Top candy , 0.093± 0.00368 µg/g in Melody – Pops candy and 0.0935± 0.003837 µg/g in Caretose candy, while mean levels of Ni in same types of chocolates were 4.38 ± 0.1109 µg/g , 4.23± 0.2111µg/g and 4.24± 0.2675µg/g respectively whereas mean levels of Ni in same types of candies were 1.417± 0.1µg/g , 1.376± 0.05461 µg/g and 1.422 ±0.0968µg/g respectively , in addition , mean levels of Pb in three types of chocolates were 2.212 ± 0.1398µg/g , 2.185± 0.200 µg/g and 2.305± 0.2166 µg/g respectively , whereas mean levels of Pb in three types of candies were 1.17 ± 0.1149 µg/g , 1.138± 0.08626µg/g and 1.159±0.07156 µg/g respectivelyConclusion:Contamination of chocolates and candies with these elements leads to health problems for citizens, especially children, and may lead to cancerous tumors. Therefore, children should be reduced to eating these foods. The government must strictly control the importation and entry of these foods