bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
System vicarious calibration of GCOM-C/SGLI visible and near-infrared channels
Authors: Murakami Hiroshi , Antoine David , Vellucci Vincenzo , Frouin Robert 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVicarious calibration coefficients (kv) of Second-generation GLobal Imager (SGLI) for ocean color processing were derived using in-situ radiometric buoy measurements from the Marine Optical BuoY (MOBY) and the BOUée pour l'acquiSition d'une Série Optique à Long termE (BOUSSOLE). Two aerosol-model look up tables (LUTs) used in the GCOM-C aerosol retrieval algorithm (LUT-A) and in the previous version of ocean color atmospheric correction algorithm (LUT-B) were tested in the procedures to calculate kv and retrieve remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) and aerosol optical thickness (AOT). Bias of the processed Rrs compared to AERONET-OC Rrs was reduced by applying the determined kv (i.e., corrected SGLI radiance = original SGLI radiance/kv). LUT-A yielded smaller AOT bias compared to AERONET-OC AOT; on the other hand, LUT-B gave smaller Rrs noise due to gentle slope of the aerosol reflectance even though it caused AOT overestimation. When kv was derived by adjusting to the AOT measurements, kv was about 1.1 by LUT-A and 1.2 by LUT-B in the near-infrared (NIR) channel. However, the kv in the NIR channel was close to 1.0 when AOT and land surface reflectance measurements of Radiometric Calibration Network (RadCalNet) were used. The LUT-A with kv from MOBY and BOUSSOLE are currently adopted for the SGLI standard ocean color processing. Improvement is needed, however, to design an optimal LUT suitable for both aerosol and ocean color purposes.
Characterization Method of the V-shaped High-Temperature Superconducting Maglev Module for Transport System Applications
Authors: Lanzara Giovanni , D’Ovidio Gino 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIt is now recognized that high-temperature superconducting (HTS) technology has a significant potential for future magnetic levitation (Maglev) transit system applications due to the advantages of self-stable levitation, being free of electric power and magnetic drag to the vehicle motion, and system simplicity. This article provides a characterization method of the experimental transport system Maglev levitation module developed at the University of L’Aquila (Italy). More specifically, the lifting and guiding behavior of a single V-shaped Maglev module, which is unique for this type of application, is analyzed and tested. Its working principle is based on the interaction between HTS “skate” onboard of the vehicle and the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnets distributed on the guideway (PMG). A single scaled levitation module was built and tested under quasi-static conditions using dedicated measuring equipment by varying system parameters such as vertical gap, lateral offset, and field cooling height. The latter determines the amount of interacting magnetic field that is trapped in the HTS core during its transition from the resistive to the superconducting state and which, in turn, interacts with the field generated by the PMG to create the suspension phenomenon. The Maglev module’s dual behavior due to the double phenomenon of repulsion and attraction has been verified and tested in terms of vertical and lateral forces by varying system parameters. The dual “push and pull” force allows the phenomenon of vehicle driving to be enhanced.
Development of a liquid phase radioimmunoassay for the measurement of serum ferritin levels for the detection of Covid-19 in patients
Authors: Riad Emil Michael , Emam Manal Asem , Ebeid Nahed Hassan , El-bayoumy Ahmed Sami , Sallam Khaled Mohamed , Mehany Nagy Lahzy , Fathy Shadia Abdel-Hamid 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was the development and analytically validation of a radioimmunoassay system for the measurement of the serum ferritin concentration as one of the laboratory biomarkers for infection by Covid-19. The main components of the system were prepared in our laboratories. The first component ferritin was extracted and purified from human spleen with high purity. The second component was the 125I-labelled ferritin tracer, prepared using Chloramine-T method. Furthermore anti-ferritin antibodies and ferritin standards were provided. The developed system is sensitive, precise, reproducible and.can be translated into a kit formulation suitable for measuring serum ferritin for the detection of Covid-19 in patients at low costs and high efficiency.
Human Coxsackie- and adenovirus receptor is a putative target of neutrophil elastase-mediated shedding
Authors: Herrmann Leonie , Schelletter Louise , Hoffrogge Raimund , Niehaus Karsten , Rudolph Volker , Farr Martin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundDuring viral-induced myocarditis, immune cells migrate towards the site of infection and secrete proteases, which in turn can act as sheddases by cleaving extracellular domains of transmembrane proteins. We were interested in the shedding of the Coxsackie- and adenovirus receptor (CAR) that acts as an entry receptor for both eponymous viruses, which cause myocarditis. CAR shedding by secreted immune proteases could result in a favourable outcome of myocarditis as CAR’s extracellular domain would be removed from the cardiomyocytes’ surface leading to decreased susceptibility to ongoing viral infections.Methods and resultsIn this work, matrix metalloproteinases and serine proteinases were screened for their proteolytic activity towards human CAR. Whereas matrix metalloproteinases, proteinase 3, and cathepsin G did not cleave human recombinant CAR or only within long incubation times, neutrophil elastase showed a distinct cleavage pattern of CAR’s extracellular domain that was time- and dose-dependent. Neutrophil elastase cleaves CAR at its membrane-proximal immunoglobulin domain as we determined by nanoLC-MS/MS. Furthermore, neutrophil elastase treatment of cells reduced CAR surface levels as seen by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy.ConclusionsWith this study, we show that CAR might be a target for shedding by neutrophil elastase.
Cascade Forward Artificial Neural Network based Behavioral Predicting Approach for the Integrated Satellite-terrestrial Networks
Authors: Yang Mingchuan , Xie Bingyu , Dou Yingzhe , Xue Guanchang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn order to reduce the risk of authorized users being interrupted in the cognitive satellite wireless network, a multi-step prediction approach based on a cascaded forward artificial neural network is proposed to predict user behavior in the designed scenario. This approach uses the powerful learning ability of the cascaded forward network to analyze the historical spectrum occupancy records of licensed users, and then predict the user behavior in the next few time slots. The prediction result can help the base station in the cognitive network to schedule the dynamic access process of the cognitive users, and reduce the interference caused by the cognitive user to the authorized users. Finally, compared with traditional prediction algorithms, it is verified that the proposed multi-step prediction algorithm can effectively reduce the probability of spectrum conflicts.
Assessing Indices Tracking Changes in River Geochemistry and Implications for Monitoring
Authors: Gozzi Caterina , Buccianti Antonella 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn geochemical data analysis, assessing the potential of new techniques to identify compositional time–space changes is of great interest for monitoring purposes. This work aims to evaluate, in the light of the compositional data analysis perspective, the performance of different statistical indices in tracing the evolution of a geochemical composition and the relationships among its parts. To reach this goal, source-to-sink chemical changes in water and stream sediment composition of the Tiber river (central Italy) are analyzed using three indices: (i) the cumulative sum of unclosed perturbation factors of each composition (row sum) with respect to a reference composition; (ii) the robust Mahalanobis distance, describing the compositional differences from the same reference and, (iii) the geometric mean of each composition as a measure able to capture the interactions among the parts. The results highlight the major compositional changes downriver, allowing to explore geochemical footprints’ propagation and their natural or anthropogenic origin. The tested indices are consistent in most cases, particularly if high-variability species are treated separately and low values are rare. Under this latter condition, the geometric mean of the composition shows a close connection with the cumulative sum of unclosed perturbation factors. This indicates that both indices inherit the complex history of the changes, well capturing the interactions among the parts under the influence of environmental drivers. With this awareness, the application of these methods in monitoring and applied geochemical studies could offer new insights into the inner workings of river systems and their resilience to environmental pressures.
The European 2030 climate and energy package: do domestic strategy adaptations precede EU policy change?
Authors: Ollier Lana , Metz Florence , Nuñez-Jimenez Alejandro , Späth Leonhard , Lilliestam Johan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe European Union’s 2030 climate and energy package introduced fundamental changes compared to its 2020 predecessor. These changes included a stronger focus on the internal market and an increased emphasis on technology-neutral decarbonization while simultaneously de-emphasizing the renewables target. This article investigates whether changes in domestic policy strategies of leading member states in European climate policy preceded the observed changes in EU policy. Disaggregating strategic change into changes in different elements (goals, objectives, instrumental logic), allows us to go beyond analyzing the relative prioritization of different goals, and to analyze how policy requirements for reaching those goals were dynamically redefined over time. To this end, we introduce a new method, which based on insights from social network analysis, enables us to systematically trace those strategic chances. We find that shifts in national strategies of the investigated member states preceded the shift in EU policy. In particular, countries reframed their understanding of supply security, and pushed for the internal electricity market also as a security measure to balance fluctuating renewables. Hence, the increasing focus on markets and market integration in the European 2030 package echoed the increasingly central role of the internal market for electricity supply security in national strategies. These findings also highlight that countries dynamically redefined their goals relative to the different phases of the energy transition.
TeknoAssistant : a domain specific tech mining approach for technical problem-solving support
Authors: Garechana Gaizka , Río-Belver Rosa , Zarrabeitia Enara , Alvarez-Meaza Izaskun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper presents TeknoAssistant, a domain-specific tech mining method for building a problem–solution conceptual network aimed at helping technicians from a particular field to find alternative tools and pathways to implement when confronted with a problem. We evaluate our approach using Natural Language Processing field, and propose a 2-g text mining process adapted for analyzing scientific publications. We rely on a combination of custom indicators with Stanford OpenIE SAO extractor to build a Bernoulli Naïve Bayes classifier which is trained by using domain-specific vocabulary provided by the TeknoAssistant user. The 2-g contained in the abstracts of a scientific publication dataset are classified in either “problem”, “solution” or “none” categories, and a problem–solution network is built, based on the co-occurrence of problems and solutions in the abstracts. We propose a combination of clustering technique, visualization and Social Network Analysis indicators for guiding a hypothetical user in a domain-specific problem solving process.
Isolated Calmness and Sharp Minima via Hölder Graphical Derivatives
Authors: Kruger Alexander Y. , López Marco A. , Yang Xiaoqi , Zhu Jiangxing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe paper utilizes Hölder graphical derivatives for characterizing Hölder strong subregularity, isolated calmness and sharp minimum. As applications, we characterize Hölder isolated calmness in linear semi-infinite optimization and Hölder sharp minimizers of some penalty functions for constrained optimization.
Mixing Controlled Adsorption at the Liquid-Solid Interfaces in Unsaturated Porous Media
Authors: Markale Ishaan , Velásquez-Parra Andrés , Alcolea Andrés , Jiménez-Martínez Joaquín 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe unsaturated zone, located between the soil surface and the phreatic level, plays an important role in defining the fate of any substance entering the subsoil. In addition to the processes of flow and transport taking place in the liquid phase, surface reactions such as adsorption to the solid phase may occur and increase the residence time of the substance entering the system. In this study, we aim to understand the pore-scale mechanisms that control adsorption in unsaturated systems. We combine 2D pore-scale experimental images with numerical simulations to analyze flow, transport, and adsorption under different liquid saturation degrees. We demonstrate the role of mixing on adsorption at the liquid-solid interfaces by analyzing the deformation in time of a pulse-injected surfactant. We also analyze the impact of the isotherm functional shape and the inclusion of the liquid-gas interfaces as adsorption sites on this surface reaction. The enhancement of mixing as saturation decreases is accompanied by a reduction in the amount of adsorbed mass, located mainly along preferential flow paths, where the solute is primarily transported. For the same isotherm, a nonlinear behavior of adsorption as a function of liquid saturation has been observed. This is explained by the nonlinear variation of the volume fraction of liquid behaving as preferential path or stagnation zone as liquid saturation decreases, despite the linear decrease in the surface area of solids accessible for adsorption.
Evaluation of the Impact of Best Management Practices on Streamflow, Sediment and Nutrient Yield at Field and Watershed Scales
Authors: Risal Avay , Parajuli Prem B. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEvaluating Best Management Practices (BMPs) in watersheds using hydrologic and water quality models can help to establish an effective watershed water management. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was applied to Big Sunflower River Watershed (BSRW) and the Stovall Sherard Watershed (SSW) to evaluate BMP’s impact at watershed and field scale watersheds respectively. SWAT was calibrated and validated for streamflow, sediment yield, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorous (TP) at outlets of three sub-basins of the BSRW, and within the SSW. BMP scenarios of check-dam, tail water pond, vegetative filter strips (VFS), nutrient management, and tillage management were evaluated for their efficacy in reducing streamflow, sediment yield, and nutrient loads at field and watershed scales. The VFS was determined as the most effective BMP in decreasing sediment yield, TN, and TP at both field and watershed scales. At field scale, reduction of sediment yield, TN, and TP by VFS ranged from 8 to 12%, 71% to 98%, and 72% to 99% respectively and at watershed scale, reduction of sediment yield, TN, and TP by VFS ranged from 12 to 38%, 29% to 87%, and 42% to 99% respectively. The application of conservation and zero tillage operation showed reduction in sediment yield by 1% to 2% respectively but increased TN and TP by 2% to 25% at field and watershed scale watersheds. This study will help in managing water at field and watershed scale watersheds regarding BMPs selection and implementation.
Graphical Abstract
Optimal application of soft-palate webbing flap pharyngoplasty combined with nasal surgery for surgical treatment of primary snoring and obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Park Jin-A , Cha Hyunkyung , Kim Su Keun , Woo Hyunjun , Han Seung Cheol , Kim Do Won , Han Doo Hee , Kim Dong-Young , Rhee Chae-Seo , Kim Hyun Jik 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Excessive collapse of the soft palate and lateral pharyngeal wall narrowing are established causes of loud snoring and sleep apnea in subjects with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Therefore, delicate surgical techniques are needed to reshape the soft palate and create sufficient tension in the lateral pharyngeal wall. This study aimed to determine the therapeutic outcome and favorable indications of soft-palate webbing flap pharyngoplasty in subjects with OSA and primary snoring.

Methods
A total of 174 subjects who underwent soft-palate webbing flap pharyngoplasty combined with uvulopalatal flap and septoturbinoplasty from August 2015 to February 2020 were included in this study. Medical records, including pre- and postoperative sleep parameters, were retrospectively reviewed. The primary outcome measure was the degree of improvement in AHI after surgery. Other outcomes were differences in surgical response rates, subjective visual analog score (VAS) for snoring, sleep quality, and complications.

Results
Polysomnographic results showed that apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) scores were significantly reduced from 39.6 ± 6.1 to 22.9 ± 3.6 following soft-palate webbing flap pharyngoplasty in 59 subjects, and overall success and response rates of this technique were analyzed with 71%. We found that the successful outcomes were observed in 50% of mild (n = 12) and 56% of moderate (n = 16) subjects with OSA subjects due to lateral pharyngeal wall collapse. The success rate of soft-palate webbing flap pharyngoplasty was relatively higher in subjects with mild and moderate OSA than those with severe OSA. Additionally, the mean VAS snoring scale was 4.7 and subjects’ primary snoring intensity significantly improved to 2.9 after soft-palate webbing flap pharyngoplasty. Subjective symptoms such as daytime sleepiness and sleep quality also showed improvement. Most complications were found to be minimal and improved by 1 month after the operation.

Conclusion
Our data demonstrate that soft-palate webbing flap pharyngoplasty is an effective treatment for OSA and primary snoring and may be a promising technique to reduce lateral pharyngeal wall collapse.
Yawning and airway physiology: a scoping review and novel hypothesis
Authors: Doelman Christiaan Jacob , Rijken Johannes Adriaan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeYawning is a stereotypical complex muscular movement and is commonly executed by most vertebrates. In seconds, the entire airway is fully dilated and surrounding muscles are powerfully stretched, most prominently around the pharynx. To date, yawning has been rarely studied, and as of yet there is no consensus on its main function.Material and methodsTo investigate a mechanical airway function for yawning, a literature search was conducted to relate the frequency of yawning and obstructive airway conditions.ResultsThe results show that changes in obstructive airway conditions and alteration of the frequency of yawning are temporally related.InterpretationThese relationships, however, cannot be interpreted as causal, nor can they be extrapolated to explain the function of yawning. Yet airway management and yawning share many physiological characteristics. We therefore propose a novel hypotheses: yawning plays a significant role in airway physiology by muscle repositioning and widening the airway lumen, thereby securing long-term oxygenation.
Pesticide concentrations in agricultural storm drainage inlets of a small Swiss catchment
Authors: Schönenberger Urs T. , Beck Birgit , Dax Anne , Vogler Bernadette , Stamm Christian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAgricultural pesticides transported to surface waters pose a major risk for aquatic ecosystems. Modelling studies indicate that the inlets of agricultural storm drainage systems can considerably increase the connectivity of surface runoff and pesticides to surface waters. These model results have however not yet been validated with field measurements. In this study, we measured discharge and concentrations of 51 pesticides in four out of 158 storm drainage inlets of a small Swiss agricultural catchment (2.8 km2) and in the receiving stream. For this, we performed an event-triggered sampling during 19 rain events and collected plot-specific pesticide application data. Our results show that agricultural storm drainage inlets strongly influence surface runoff and pesticide transport in the study catchment. The concentrations of single pesticides in inlets amounted up to 62 µg/L. During some rain events, transport through single inlets caused more than 10% of the stream load of certain pesticides. An extrapolation to the entire catchment suggests that during selected events on average 30 to 70% of the load in the stream was transported through inlets. Pesticide applications on fields with surface runoff or spray drift potential to inlets led to increased concentrations in the corresponding inlets. Overall, this study corroborates the relevance of such inlets for pesticide transport by establishing a connectivity between fields and surface waters, and by their potential to deliver substantial pesticide loads to surface waters.
Hypofunction of directed brain network within alpha frequency band in depressive patients: a graph-theoretic analysis
Authors: Liu Shuang , Chen Sitong , Huang Zhenni , Liu Xiaoya , Li Meijuan , Su Fangyue , Hao Xinyu , Ming Dong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDirected brain networks may provide new insights into exploring physiological mechanism and neuromarkers for depression. This study aims to investigate the abnormalities of directed brain networks in depressive patients. We constructed the directed brain network based on resting electroencephalogram for 19 depressive patients and 20 healthy controls with eyes closed and eyes open. The weighted directed brain connectivity was measured by partial directed coherence for α, β, γ frequency band. Furthermore, topological parameters (clustering coefficient, characteristic path length, and et al.) were computed based on graph theory. The correlation between network metrics and clinical symptom was also examined. Depressive patients had a significantly weaker value of partial directed coherence at alpha frequency band in eyes-closed state. Clustering coefficient and characteristic path length were significantly lower in depressive patients (both p < .01). More importantly, in depressive patients, disruption of directed connectivity was noted in left-to-left (p < .05), right-to-left (p < .01) hemispheres and frontal-to-central (p < .01), parietal-to-central (p < .05), occipital-to-central (p < .05) regions. Furthermore, connectivity in LL and RL hemispheres was negatively correlated with depression scale scores (both p < .05). Depressive patients showed a more randomized network structure, disturbed directed interaction of left-to-left, right-to-left hemispheric information and between different cerebral regions. Specifically, left-to-left, right-to-left hemispheric connectivity was negatively correlated with the severity of depression. Our analysis may serve as a potential neuromarker of depression.