bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifidelity Computer Model Emulation with High-Dimensional Output: An Application to Storm Surge
Authors: Ma Pulong , Karagiannis Georgios , Konomi Bledar A. , Asher Taylor G. , Toro Gabriel R. , Cox Andrew T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHurricane-driven storm surge is one of the most deadly and costly natural disasters, making precise quantification of the surge hazard of great importance. Surge hazard quantification is often performed through physics-based computer models of storm surges. Such computer models can be implemented with a wide range of fidelity levels, with computational burdens varying by several orders of magnitude due to the nature of the system. The threat posed by surge makes greater fidelity highly desirable, however, such models and their high-volume output tend to come at great computational cost, which can make detailed study of coastal flood hazards prohibitive. These needs make the development of an emulator combining high-dimensional output from multiple complex computer models with different fidelity levels important. We propose a parallel partial autoregressive cokriging model to predict highly accurate storm surges in a computationally efficient way over a large spatial domain. This emulator has the capability of predicting storm surges as accurately as a high-fidelity computer model given any storm characteristics over a large spatial domain.
Memes, Misinformation, and Political Meaning
Authors: Lynch Michael P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAre most people sincere when they share misinformation and conspiracies online? This question, while natural and important, is difficult to answer for obvious reasons. But it also applies poorly to one of the main vehicles for misinformation—memes. And it can be ambiguous; as a result, we should be mindful of two distinctions. First, a distinction between belief and a related propositional attitude, commitment. And second, the distinction between the propositional content of an attitude and what I will call its political meaning. I will suggest that these distinctions not only can help us understand how we communicate online, but they also suggest a lesson about what we should be focusing on when fighting misinformation.
Effects of integrative neuromuscular training on the gait biomechanics of children with overweight and obesity
Authors: Molina‐Garcia Pablo , Molina‐Molina Alejandro , Smeets Annemie , Migueles Jairo H. , Ortega Francisco B. , Vanrenterghem Jos 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo analyze whether 13 weeks of integrative neuromuscular training can benefit spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters of gait in children with overweight/obesity.MethodsThis is a non‐randomized controlled trial. Fifty children (10.77 ± 1.24 years, 31 girls) with overweight/obesity were allocated to an exercise group (EG) (n = 25) that carried out a 13‐week exercise program based on fundamental movement skills, strength activities and aerobic training, and a control group (CG) (n = 25) that followed their normal lifestyle. Spatiotemporal (i.e., cadence, stance and support times, step length, and stride width) and kinematic (i.e., hip, pelvis, knee, and ankle angles) parameters were evaluated under laboratory conditions through a 3D analysis. ANCOVA was used to test raw and z‐score differences between the EG and CG at post‐exercise, adjusting for pre‐exercise values.ResultsThe EG maintained their baseline stance and single‐limb support times while the CG increased them during walking (groups’ difference: 3.1 and 1.9 centiseconds). The EG maintained baseline maximum foot abduction angle during the stance phase whereas the CG showed an increase (groups’ difference: 3.9º). Additional analyses on kinematic profiles demonstrated that the EG walked with similar pelvic tilt and ankle abduction angles at post‐exercise, while the CG increased the pelvic anterior tilt in the whole stance phase (mean groups’ difference: 7.7º) and the ankle abduction angles in early‐ and mid‐stance phases (mean groups’ difference: 4.6º). No changes were observed in the rest of spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters.ConclusionsThe integrative neuromuscular training stopped the progression of some biomechanical alterations during walking in children with overweight/obesity. These findings could contribute to preventing common movement‐derived musculoskeletal disorders in this population, as well as preserving an optimal mechanical efficiency during walking.
Voting with Their Feet by Staying? The Political Drivers of Noncitizens' (Im‐)mobility
Authors: Bennour Salomon , Manatschal Anita 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhile research documents that some migrants leave their country of origin for political reasons, we do not know how the political factors in the host‐country matter to explain immigrants' (im‐)mobility behaviours after an initial migration. Addressing this gap, this study explores noncitizens' (im‐)mobility responses to regional integration policies. Building on the evidence that inclusive policies foster immigrants' ties to the host‐country over time, the paper argues that effective exposure to inclusive policies decreases inter‐cantonal and international mobility, i.e. increases noncitizens' immobility. To test this, we run multilevel analyses using STATPOP register data on the entire immigrant resident population of Switzerland, and cantonal integration policy data. Findings reveal that inclusive policies do indeed amplify the sedentary effect of time spent in Switzerland, and, thus, increase noncitizens' immobility. This pattern holds true for international and inter‐cantonal mobility, and is most pronounced among vulnerable immigrants, i.e. non‐EU citizens holding a less‐stable legal permit.
Soil microbial inoculants for sustainable agriculture: Limitations and opportunities
Authors: O'Callaghan Maureen , Ballard Ross A. , Wright David 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe burgeoning global market for soil microbial inoculants for use in agriculture is being driven by pressure to increase sustainable crop production by managing pests and diseases without environmental impacts. Microbial inoculants, based predominantly on bacteria and fungi, are applied to soil as alternatives to conventional inorganic fertilizers (biofertilizers) or to carry out specific functions including biocontrol of pests and diseases (biopesticides), or for bioremediation and enhancement of soil characteristics. While some soil inoculants such as rhizobia have a long and successful history of use, others have performed inconsistently in the field and failed to live up to their promise suggested by laboratory testing. A more precise understanding of the ecology and modes of action of inoculant strains is key to optimizing their efficacy and guiding their targeted use to situations where they address key limitations to crop production. This will require greater collaboration between science disciplines, including microbiology, plant and soil science, molecular biology and agronomy. Inoculants must be produced and formulated to ensure their effective establishment in the soil and practicality of implementation alongside existing cropping practices. New approaches to strain selection and construction of beneficial microbial consortia should lead to more efficacious inoculant products. Extensive and rigorous field evaluation of inoculants under a range of soil and environmental conditions has rarely been undertaken and is urgently needed to validate emerging inoculant products and underpin successful implementation by growers, especially in a market that is largely unregulated at present.
Detecting spatial variability of soil compaction using soil apparent electrical conductivity and maize traits
Authors: Ren Lidong , D'Hose Tommy , Borra‐Serrano Irene , Lootens Peter , Hanssens Daan , De Smedt Philippe , Cornelis Wim M. , Ruysschaert Greet 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSoil compaction is one of the main limiting factors for sustainable agriculture. Efficient methods for detecting the distribution of soil compaction at a field scale are urgently needed in precision agriculture. We evaluated the possibility to detect soil compaction from measurements of apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) by using electromagnetic induction (EMI) and maize traits at a ~1 ha field parcel. The soil was Luvisol, and soil compaction‐related properties, such as bulk density (BD), penetration resistance (PR), soil texture, soil salinity, soil moisture and maize traits, were measured at ten locations across the field based on ECa variability. In this site‐specific study, no good correlation between soil compaction properties (i.e. BD and PR) and ECa was found but soil clay content was positively related to ECa in the sublayer (P = 0.08). The variation in the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)‐derived maize canopy height was significantly negatively correlated with soil compaction and a negative relationship between dry above‐ground biomass and BD and PR existed at 25–50 cm layer. In addition, ECa and UAV‐derived maize canopy height was negatively correlated (Spearman's rank correlation coefficients of −0.67 in the 0–25 cm layer) under the rather dry conditions prevailing during this study. Overall, as could be expected, detecting soil compaction with ECa was challenging under heterogeneous terrains, while maize traits had a better correlation with spatial variability of soil compaction. Owing to its sensitivity to the integral variation of multiple soil properties, ECa was a good indicator of maize canopy height.
Using the T‐EFA method in a cellular automata‐based urban growth simulation's calibration step
Authors: Ayazli Ismail Ercument , Yakup Ahmet Emir , Bilen Omer 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChanges in land cover driven by urban sprawl increase the threat of urbanization of forests and agricultural lands. Therefore, monitoring urban sprawl by creating simulation models is frequently carried out to understand sustainable city management. Cellular automata‐based models are mostly preferred to reduce the damage led by urban sprawl, and the SLEUTH model is the most well known. Several methods have been developed for the SLEUTH model calibration step, such as optimum SLEUTH metrics and total exploratory factor analysis (T‐EFA), to improve the model accuracy. This study aims to create a high‐accuracy urban growth simulation model using low‐resolution data, investigate the T‐EFA method's success in the calibration step, and find the urban sprawl effects on land cover change. Istanbul was selected as our study area due to witnessing its tremendous urban sprawl since the 1950s. According to our results, the urban growth that occurred between 2000 and 2018 could be defined more closely to reality using the T‐EFA method, and Istanbul will continue to grow until 2040, with approximately 428.7 km2of agricultural lands, 553.4 km2of forests, and 0.1 km2of wetlands being transformed to urban. In addition, the geologically risky areas under threat of urbanization will increase by 60% between 2018 and 2040.
Acquiring Complex Communicative Systems: Statistical Learning of Language and Emotion
Authors: Ruba Ashley L. , Pollak Seth D. , Saffran Jenny R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDuring the early postnatal years, most infants rapidly learn to understand two naturally evolved communication systems: language and emotion. While these two domains include different types of content knowledge, it is possible that similar learning processes subserve their acquisition. In this review, we compare the learnable statistical regularities in language and emotion input. We then consider how domain‐general learning abilities may underly the acquisition of language and emotion, and how this process may be constrained in each domain. This comparative developmental approach can advance our understanding of how humans learn to communicate with others.
Phenylhydrazine‐induced anaemia reduces subcutaneous white and brown adipose tissues in hypothalamic obese rats
Authors: de Souza Domwesley Wendreo , Ceglarek Vanessa Marieli , Siqueira Bruna Schumaker , Volinski Caroline Zanella , Nenevê Juliane Zanon , Arruda João Paulo de Amorin , Vettorazzi Jean Franciesco , Grassiolli Sabrina 
Published: April 2022

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Can an anaemic state modify adiposity and metabolic parameters in hypothalamic obese rats?
What is the main finding and its importance?
Hypothalamic obese rats do not display iron deficiency. However, the pharmacological induction of anaemia in hypothalamic obese rats resulted in reduced adiposity, characterized by a decrease in subcutaneous white and brown adipose tissue depots. These findings suggest that iron imbalance in obesity may elevate lipolysis.AbstractIron imbalance is frequent in obesity. Herein, we evaluated the impact of anaemia induced by phenylhydrazine on adiposity and metabolic state of hypothalamic obese rats. Hypothalamic obesity was induced by high doses of monosodium glutamate (MSG; 4 g/kg) administered to neonatal male rats (n = 20). Controls (CTL; non‐obese rats) received equimolar saline (n = 20). Rats were weaned at 21 days of life. At 70 days, half of the rats received three intraperitoneal doses of phenylhydrazine (PHZ; 40 mg/kg/dose) or saline solution. Body weight and food intake were followed for 4 weeks after PHZ administration. At 92 days, rats were killed and blood was collected for microcapillary haematocrit (Hct) analysis and plasma quantification of glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and iron levels. The liver, the spleen, and the white (WAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissues were excised, weighed and used for histology. MSG‐treated rats developed obesity, hypertriglyceridaemia and insulin resistance, compared to CTL rats, without changes in iron levels and Hct. PHZ administration reduced plasma iron levels and promoted similar tissue injuries in the spleen and liver from MSG and CTL rats. However, in MSG‐treated rats, PHZ decreased fasting glucose levels and Hct, as well as diminishing the subcutaneous WAT and BAT mass. Although MSG‐obesity does not affect plasma iron levels and Hct by itself, PHZ‐induced anaemia associated with obesity induces a marked drop in subcutaneous WAT and BAT mass, suggesting that iron imbalance may lead to increased lipolytic responses in obese rats, compared to lean rats.
Connectedness Efficiency Analysis of Weighted U.S. Freight Railroad Networks
Authors: Hamed Majed , Mao Yujie , Ayyub Bilal M. , Elsibaie Magdy , Omar Tarek 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Freight rail networks serve a key role in transporting bulk goods to accommodate changing market demands and to serve public needs. Network analyses of such systems can provide important insights into enhancing transportation efficiency and system resilience. This paper develops and investigates a topological analysis model for network efficiency, which is associated with the connectedness of a network's nodes by its links and their corresponding network attributes. This model allows analyzing network topologies with or without assigned weights to their nodes and links based on different attributes. Key attributes may include physical length of links, commodity types and volume of goods transported through links, and dwell-time at nodes, and origination termination volumes of goods, types of goods moved, and origins and destination of goods. The model presented here enables (1) defining distinctions that may be employed for the assignment of node and link weights, (2) gaining an understanding of node and link criticality, and (3) providing methods for objectively maintaining and enhancing network performance. Such analyses can inform rail managers and executives in planning expansions, route or freight changes, or preparations for potential node or link failures. A case study of an aggregate U.S. freight rail network along with other example topologies is presented to demonstrate the use of selected network attributes and their influence on connectedness efficiency and the impacts of node and link failures on the overall transport efficiency.
Modified Friedmann equations from Kaniadakis entropy and cosmological implications on baryogenesis and $${}^7 Li$$-abundance
Authors: Luciano Giuseppe Gaetano 
Published: April 2022

AbstractModified Friedmann equations have been recently derived by implementing the gravity-thermodynamics conjecture in Kaniadakis statistics, which is a relativistic self-consistent generalization of the classical Boltzmann–Gibbs theory. The ensuing cosmological scenario exhibits new extra corrections depending on the model parameter K. In this work we apply Kaniadakis statistics to the horizon entropy of the FRW Universe and explore implications on baryogenesis and primordial Lithium abundance problems. This framework is motivated by the fact that physics of the early Universe is fundamentally relativistic, suggesting that a relativistic description might also involve the statistical properties of horizon degrees of freedom. By requiring consistency with observational data on baryogenesis and Lithium abundance, we constrain the Kaniadakis parameter. We also speculate on the possibility that a running K be allowed to trace the usual thermal history of the Universe in Kaniadakis statistics.
Generalized Maxwell–Higgs vortices in models with enhanced symmetry
Authors: Bazeia D. , Liao M. A. , Marques M. A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTopological vortices in relativistic gauge theories in flat three-dimensional spacetime are investigated. We consider the symmetry$$\mathrm {U(1)}\times \cdots \times \mathrm {U(1)}$$U(1)×⋯×U(1), and for each$$\mathrm {U(1)}$$U(1)subgroup, a complex scalar field transforming under its action is introduced, as well as generalized permeabilities through which the subsystems are coupled. We investigate in detail the features of static, finite energy solutions within this class of generalized Maxwell–Higgs models, and study the effect of the winding numbers in the magnetic properties of each subsystem. A BPS bound and the related first order equations are introduced for a large class of models. Finally, we present some specific models and solve their equations of motion to find solutions engendering many distinct features in relation to each other and to the standard Nielsen–Olesen vortex.
Nuclear magnetic resonance thermosensing properties of holmium(III) and thulium(III) tris(tetra-15-crown-5-phthalocyaninato) complexes
Authors: Babailov Sergey P. , Polovkova Marina A. , Zapolotsky Evgeny N. , Kirakosyan Gayane A. , Martynov Alexander G. , Gorbunova Yulia G. 
Published: April 2022

Temperature dependences of paramagnetic chemical shifts in NMR spectra of lanthanide tris-phthalocyaninates Ln2[(15C5)4Pc]3(where [(15C5)4Pc][Formula: see text] is 2,3,9,10,16,17,24,25-tetrakis(15-crown-5)phthalocyaninate dianion, Ln = Ho(III), Tm(III)) have been studied in the physiological temperature range (from 303 to 323 K). The observed maximum temperature sensitivity [Formula: see text]/dT turns out to be 0.25 ppm/K for the signals of the thulium complex and 0.16 ppm/K for the holmium complex. By the example of Tm2[(15C5)4Pc]3, it has been shown that the use of temperature sensitivities normalized to signal half-widths (∣CT∣/[Formula: see text] is expedient to judge the applicability of the observed temperature dependences of LISs of analogous lanthanide complexes (Ln = Tb, Dy, Ho, Tm) for determining temperatures. The investigated kinetically and thermodynamically stable Ln2[(15C5)4Pc]3complexes can be considered promising for the design of thermosensitive NMR probes for determination of the local temperature in nonpolar solutions.
PD-1 Blockade in Solid Tumors with Defects in Polymerase Epsilon
Authors: Rousseau Benoit , Bieche Ivan , Pasmant Eric , Hamzaoui Nadim , Leulliot Nicolas , Michon Lucas , de Reynies Aurelien , Attignon Valerie , Foote Michael B. , Masliah-Planchon Julien , Svrcek Magali , Cohen Romain , Simmet Victor , Augereau Paule , Malka David , Hollebecque Antoine , Pouessel Damien , Gomez-Roca Carlos , Guimbaud Rosine , Bruyas Amandine , Guillet Marielle , Grob Jean-Jacques , Duluc Muriel , Cousin Sophie , de la Fouchardiere Christelle , Flechon Aude , Rolland Frederic , Hiret Sandrine , Saada-Bouzid Esma , Bouche Olivier , Andre Thierry , Pannier Diane , El Hajbi Farid , Oudard Stephane , Tournigand Christophe , Soria Jean-Charles , Champiat Stephane , Gerber Drew G. , Stephens Dennis , Lamendola-Essel Michelle F. , Maron Steven B. , Diplas Bill H. , Argiles Guillem , Krishnan Asha R. , Tabone-Eglinger Severine , Ferrari Anthony , Segal Neil H. , Cercek Andrea , Hoog-Labouret Natalie , Legrand Frederic , Simon Clotilde , Lamrani-Ghaouti Assia , Diaz Luis A. , Saintigny Pierre , Chevret Sylvie , Marabelle Aurelien 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Missense mutations in the polymerase epsilon (POLE) gene have been reported to generate proofreading defects resulting in an ultramutated genome and to sensitize tumors to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. However, many POLE-mutated tumors do not respond to such treatment. To better understand the link between POLE mutation variants and response to immunotherapy, we prospectively assessed the efficacy of nivolumab in a multicenter clinical trial in patients bearing advanced mismatch repair–proficient POLE-mutated solid tumors. We found that only tumors harboring selective POLE pathogenic mutations in the DNA binding or catalytic site of the exonuclease domain presented high mutational burden with a specific single-base substitution signature, high T-cell infiltrates, and a high response rate to anti–PD-1 monotherapy. This study illustrates how specific DNA repair defects sensitize to immunotherapy. POLE proofreading deficiency represents a novel agnostic biomarker for response to PD-1 checkpoint blockade therapy.

Significance:
POLE proofreading deficiency leads to high tumor mutational burden with high tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and predicts anti–PD-1 efficacy in mismatch repair–proficient tumors. Conversely, tumors harboring POLE mutations not affecting proofreading derived no benefit from PD-1 blockade. POLE proofreading deficiency is a new tissue-agnostic biomarker for cancer immunotherapy.
See related video: https://vimeo.com/720727355
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