bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Philanthrocapitalism and the State: Mapping the Rise of Venture Philanthropy in Public Education in Australia
Authors: Rowe Emma E. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose This article maps the rise of venture philanthropy in public education in Australia, exploring how policy networks mobilize high-level systemic reform and governance technologies. This is philanthrocapitalism, a fundamental shift for policy mobility and modes of redistribution. Design/Approach/Methods Drawing upon network ethnography, I focus on a node called Social Ventures Australia (SVA), an organization committed to revolutionizing venture philanthropy in Australian education reform. SVA, the brainchild of McKinsey & Company and multinational corporations, is a useful example to map how venture philanthropy leverages resources and, in the process, fundamentally changes the shape, functionality, and form of traditional government. Findings SVA has successfully advocated for several intermediaries, such as an evidence broker (Evidence for Learning), a national charity (Schools Plus), and a national education research institute (Australian Education Research Organisation). Overlapping philanthropy and state, the intermediaries stand as a critical assemblage and technology of governance. Originality/Value Venture philanthropy and the way in which these networks achieve high-level systemic reform is under-researched in Australia. It stands as a critical lever of policy reform in public education. This article will scrutinize and map the way these networks mobilize reform and function as an identifiable form of economic exchange.
Evaluation of Health Care Disparities in Patients With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: Does Race and Insurance Matter?
Authors: Farrow Lutul D. , Scarcella Michael J. , Wentt Christa L. ,   Cleveland Clinic OME Sports Medicine, Jones Morgan H. , Spindler Kurt P. , Briskin Isaac , Leo Brian M. , McCoy Brett W. , Miniaci Anthony A. , Parker Richard D. , Rosneck James T. , Sabo Frank M. , Saluan Paul M. , Serna Alfred , Stearns Kim L. , Strnad Gregory J. , Williams James S. 
Published: September 2022

Background: It is unknown whether race- or insurance-based disparities in health care exist regarding baseline knee pain, knee function, complete meniscal tear, or articular cartilage damage in patients who undergo anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Hypothesis: Black patients and patients with Medicaid evaluated for ACLR would have worse baseline knee pain, worse knee function, and greater odds of having a complete meniscal tear. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A cohort of patients (N = 1463; 81% White, 14% Black, 5% Other race; median age, 22 years) who underwent ACLR between February 2015 and December 2018 was selected from an institutional database. Patients who underwent concomitant procedures and patients of undisclosed race or self-pay status were excluded. The associations of race with preoperative Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) Pain subscale, KOOS Function subscale, and intraoperatively assessed complete meniscal tear (tear that extended through both the superior and the inferior meniscal surfaces) were determined via multivariate modeling with adjustment for age, sex, insurance status, years of education, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), meniscal tear location, and Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey Mental Component Score (VR-12 MCS). Results: The 3 factors most strongly associated with worse KOOS Pain and KOOS Function were lower VR-12 MCS score, increased BMI, and increased age. Except for age, the other two factors had an unequal distribution between Black and White patients. Univariate analysis demonstrated equal baseline median KOOS Pain scores (Black, 72.2; White, 72.2) and KOOS Function scores (Black, 68.2; White, 68.2). After adjusting for confounding variables, there was no significant difference between Black and White patients in KOOS Pain, KOOS Function, or complete meniscal tears. Insurance status was not a significant predictor of KOOS Pain, KOOS Function, or complete meniscal tear. Conclusion: There were clinically significant differences between Black and White patients evaluated for ACLR. After accounting for confounding factors, no difference was observed between Black and White patients in knee pain, knee function, or complete meniscal tear. Insurance was not a clinically significant predictor of knee pain, knee function, or complete meniscal tear.
Risk Factors Affecting Return to Sports and Patient-Reported Outcomes After Opening-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy in Active Patients
Authors: Katagiri Hiroki , Shioda Mikio , Nakagawa Yusuke , Ohara Toshiyuki , Ozeki Nobutake , Nakamura Tomomasa , Sekiya Ichiro , Koga Hideyuki 
Published: September 2022

Background: Although opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) is favored for active patients who expect to return to sports, there is still a lack of robust evidence for factors affecting their recovery. Purpose: To identify (1) risk factors leading to a decreased level of return to preoperative sports after OWHTO and (2) patient characteristics and intraoperative factors influencing patient-reported outcomes after return to sports. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Included were 69 patients who underwent OWHTO and who expected to return to their preoperative level of sports, measured as a Tegner activity level ≥2. All included patients had a minimum of 1 year of follow-up data. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the effect of independent variables on the level of return to preoperative sports after surgery; the independent variables were age, sex, body mass index, preoperative Tegner score, preoperative Kellgren-Lawrence grade, preoperative percentage of mechanical axis (%MA), opening gap width, concomitant meniscal treatment, postoperative %MA, postoperative medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), and postoperative posterior tibial slope. Univariate and multiple regression analyses were performed to assess for influencing factors on postoperative International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective scores in patients who were able to return to sports. Results: Of the 69 patients, 51 (73.9%) returned to sports after OWHTO. High preoperative Tegner scores were statistically associated with a decrease in return to sports (odds ratio, 1.494; P = .033). Multiple regression analysis (n = 46 patients) identified that a higher postoperative MPTA was associated with a decreased IKDC subjective score after return to sports ( r = –0.345; P = .019). Conclusion: Higher postoperative MPTA was associated with the worsening of patient-reported outcomes among those patients who did return to their preoperative sports after OWHTO. Also, participation in high-activity sports was confirmed to be a significant risk factor for a decreased rate of return to preoperative sports. These findings can support preoperative planning and intraoperative decision making, particularly for active patients.
Evaluation of Radiographic Changes 5 Years After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Furuhata Ryogo , Matsumura Noboru , Matsuo Tomoki , Kimura Hiroo , Suzuki Taku , Nakamura Masaya , Iwamoto Takuji 
Published: September 2022

Background: Radiographic changes in the glenohumeral joint often occur after rotator cuff repair; however, the details of the progression and underlying causes remain unknown. Purpose: To retrospectively evaluate the timing and frequency of radiographic changes after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair and to clarify the predictive factors that affect the onset of such changes using multivariate analysis. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 100 patients with 5 years of follow-up after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair and evaluated the postoperative shift in radiographic findings on plain radiographs every year during follow-up. Factors related to osteoarthritis, acromial spur re-formation, and greater tuberosity resorption at 5 years after surgery were evaluated using logistic regression analyses. Explanatory variables included preoperative factors, intraoperative factors, and postoperative retear. Baseline variables significant in the univariate analyses were included in the multivariate models. Results: Of the 100 patients, 12 developed osteoarthritis, 26 developed acromial spur formation, and 16 developed greater tuberosity resorption at 5 years after surgery. The incidence and grade of osteoarthritis and acromial spur gradually increased over time postoperatively. On the other hand, greater tuberosity resorption developed within 2 years after surgery but did not progress later. Multivariate analysis showed that a larger anteroposterior tear size (odds ratio [OR], 1.09; 95% CI, 1.01-1.17; P = .037) was a risk factor for postoperative osteoarthritis. Early retear (OR, 10.26; 95% CI, 1.03-102.40; P = .047) was a risk factor for acromial spur re-formation. Roughness of the greater tuberosity (OR, 9.07; 95% CI, 1.13-72.82; P = .038) and larger number of suture anchors (OR, 3.34; 95% CI, 1.66-6.74; P = .001) were risk factors for greater tuberosity resorption. Conclusion: Our study showed that radiographic changes occurred in 40% of patients within 5 years after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. While the osteoarthritic changes and acromial spur re-formation gradually progressed postoperatively, the greater tuberosity resorption stopped within 2 years after surgery. Tear size, morphology of the greater tuberosity, and the number of suture anchors can affect radiographic changes. Furthermore, this study suggested that acromial spur re-formation may be an indicator of early retears.
Complications and Functional Outcome Following Operative Treatment of Talus Neck and Body Fractures: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wijers Olivier , Posthuma Jelle J. , Engelmann Esmee W. M. , Schepers Tim 
Published: September 2022

Background: Central talar fractures are rare and often associated with impaired functional outcome. Despite recent advances in diagnosis and management of talus fractures, complications rates remain high and functional outcome is generally poor. This study aims to provide an overview of complication rates and functional outcome following operative treatment of talar neck and body fractures. This may help in clinical decision making by improving patients’ expectation management and tailored treatment strategies. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted of studies published from January 2000 to July 2021 reporting functional outcome and/or complications following operative treatment of talar neck, body, or combined neck and body fractures. Keywords used were (Talar fracture) or (Talus fracture). Data on complication rates and functional outcome was extracted from selected articles. Results: A total of 28 articles were included in our analysis reporting 1086 operative treated talar fractures (755 neck [70%], 227 body fractures [21%], and 104 combined body and neck fractures [9%]). The mean follow-up was 48 (range 4-192) months. Complications occurred frequently with; 6% surgical site infection, 8% nonunion, 29% avascular necrosis, 64% osteoarthritis, and in 16% a secondary arthrodesis was necessary. A wide variety in functional outcome was reported; however, there seems to be a correlation between fracture classification and postoperative complications. Conclusion: Operative treatment of central talar fractures is associated with a high incidence of early and late complications and often leads to an impaired functional outcome. Standardization of talar fracture classification and scoring systems in combination with large sample-sized prospective studies are warranted to detect further predictive factors influencing tailormade treatment strategies and patient expectation management. Level of Evidence: Level III, Systematic review of case series and case-control studies.
Histological Spectrum of Post Covid Debridement Tissues: Salient Histomorphological Features With Respect to Identification Fungal Elements
Authors: Agarwal Preeti , Dubey Devanshi Brajesh , Kumar Madhu , Verma Pratima , Mishra Menka , Rawat Shalini , Singh Damini , Verma Virendra , Garg Ravindra Kumar 
Published: September 2022

Background: Secondary bacterial and fungal infections in COVID patients have been documented during current pandemic. The present study provides detailed account of histomorphology of debridement tissue received for suspected fungal infections. The primary objective was to determine the morphological characteristics that must be recognized for the identification of fungal hyphae. Methods: The detailed histological examination of debridement tissue was performed. Demographic and clinical findings with treatment provided was recorded. Presence or absence of necrosis and lecocytoclasis was noted. Results: A total of 110 cases of debrided tissues were included in the study. Eosinophilic granular necrosis with lecocytoclasis was observed in 103cases; fungal elements were identified in 89.3% (92/103) of these. Eleven cases where necrosis was observed, strong suspicion of fungus was reported, 6 of them displayed fungus on KOH preparation, 3 on repeat biopsy. However, in 2 of these cases, neither KOH nor repeat biopsies identified the fungus. Mucor with aspergillus was observed in 7 cases and actinomyces in 3. In all these 10 cases dense fungal colonies were evident. In 7 cases careful observation revealed fruiting bodies of aspergillus. Cotton ball appearance of actinomyces was evident. Mucor infection in current disease was so rampant that aseptate ribbon like branching mucor hyphae were evident on H&E sections. Diabetes was significantly associated with fungal infection (97.2%; 70/72; P < .005). 90% [19/21] of the patients who were on room air and diagnosed with fungal infection were diabetic. Conclusions: Eosinophilic granular necrosis with the presence of neutrophilic debris in a case of suspected fungal disease suggests the presence of fungal elements. This warrants processing of the entire tissue deposited for examination, careful observation, application of fungal stains, and repeat biopsy if clinical suspicion is strong. Moreover, uncontrolled diabetes is more frequently associated with secondary fungal infection in COVID patients as compared to oxygen therapy.
Long-term follow-up of telehealth-enabled behavioral treatment for challenging behaviors in boys with fragile X syndrome
Authors: Hall Scott S. , Rodriguez Arlette Bujanda , Jo Booil , Pollard Joy S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
A significant proportion of boys with fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common known genetic cause of intellectual disability, exhibit challenging behaviors such as aggression and self-injury that can cause significant distress to families. Recent evidence suggests that coaching caregivers to implement functional communication training (FCT) with their child via telehealth can help to ameliorate these behaviors in FXS. In the present study, we followed families who had participated in our previous randomized controlled trial of FCT to evaluate the longer-term effects of FCT on challenging behaviors in this population.

Methods
In study 1, follow-up emails, phone calls, text messages, and letters were sent to caregivers of 48 boys with FXS who had completed our previous study conducted between 2016 and 2019. The main outcome measures administered at follow-up were the Aberrant Behavior Checklist–Community (ABC-C) and the Parenting Stress Index, 4th Edition (PSI-4). In study 2, families who had received FCT treatment but whose child exhibited challenging behaviors daily at follow-up received a 1-h parent training booster session to determine whether the intervention effect could be recovered.

Results
Sixteen (66.7%) of 24 families who had received FCT treatment and 18 (75.0%) of 24 families who had received treatment as usual were traced and consented between March and August 2021. The mean follow-up time was 3.1 years (range, 1.4 to 4.2 years). Longitudinal mixed effects analyses indicated that boys who had received FCT were more likely to show improvements on the irritability and lethargy/social withdrawal subscales of the ABC-C over the follow-up interval compared to boys who had continued with treatment as usual. Four of the six boys who had received the booster parent training session via telehealth were reported to exhibit fewer forms of challenging behavior at a 4-week follow-up.

Conclusions
Empowering parents to implement behavior analytic treatments with their child in their own home can have durable effects on maintaining low levels of challenging behaviors in boys with FXS. These data further support the need to implement parent-mediated interventions for challenging behaviors in this population at an early age.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03510156. Registered 27 April 2018
Small protein complex prediction algorithm based on protein–protein interaction network segmentation
Authors: Lyu Jiaqing , Yao Zhen , Liang Bing , Liu Yiwei , Zhang Yijia 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Identifying protein complexes from protein-protein interaction network is one of significant tasks in the postgenome era. Protein complexes, none of which exceeds 10 in size play an irreplaceable role in life activities and are also a hotspot of scientific research, such as PSD-95, CD44, PKM2 and BRD4. And in MIPS, CYC2008, SGD, Aloy and TAP06 datasets, the proportion of small protein complexes is over 75%. But up to now, protein complex identification methods do not perform well in the field of small protein complexes.

Results
In this paper, we propose a novel method, called BOPS. It is a three-step procedure. Firstly, it calculates the balanced weights to replace the original weights. Secondly, it divides the graphs larger than MAXP until the original PPIN is divided into small PPINs. Thirdly, it enumerates the connected subset of each small PPINs, identifies potential protein complexes based on cohesion and removes those that are similar.

Conclusions
In four yeast PPINs, experimental results have shown that BOPS has an improvement of about 5% compared with the SOTA model. In addition, we constructed a weighted Homo sapiens PPIN based on STRINGdb and BioGRID, and BOPS gets the best result in it. These results give new insights into the identification of small protein complexes, and the weighted Homo sapiens PPIN provides more data for related research.
The rhizosphere bacterial community contributes to the nutritional competitive advantage of weedy rice over cultivated rice in paddy soil
Authors: Wu Yue , Sun Jian , Yu Pengcheng , Zhang Weiliang , Lin Youze , Ma Dianrong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Weedy rice competes for nutrients and living space with cultivated rice, which results in serious reductions in rice production. The rhizosphere bacterial community plays an important role in nutrient competition between species. It is therefore important to clarify the differences in the diversities of the inter rhizosphere bacterial community between cultivated rice and weedy rice. The differences in compositions and co-occurrence networks of the rhizosphere bacterial community of cultivated rice and weedy rice are largely unknown and thus the aim of our study.

Results
In our study, the different rhizosphere bacterial community structures in weedy rice (AW), cultivated rice (AY) and cultivated rice surrounded by weedy rice (WY) were determined based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The majority of the WY rhizosphere was enriched with unique types of microorganisms belonging to Burkholderia. The rhizosphere bacterial community showed differences in relative abundance among the three groups. Network analysis revealed a more complex co-occurrence network structure in the rhizosphere bacterial community of AW than in those of AY and WY due to a higher degree of Microbacteriaceae and Micrococcaceae in the network. Both network analysis and functional predictions reveal that weedy rice contamination dramatically impacts the iron respiration of the rhizosphere bacterial community of cultivated rice.

Conclusions
Our study shows that there are many differences in the rhizosphere bacterial community of weedy rice and cultivated rice. When cultivated rice was disturbed by weedy rice, the rhizosphere bacterial community and co-occurrence network also changed. The above differences tend to lead to a nutritional competitive advantage for weedy rice in paddy soils.
The hidden burden of medical testing: public views and experiences of COVID-19 testing as a social and ethical process
Authors: Street Alice , Lee Shona J. , Bevan Imogen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn May 2020, the Scottish Government launched Test and Protect, a test, trace and isolate programme for COVID-19 that includes a PCR testing component. The programme’s success depended on the willingness of members of the public to seek out testing when they experienced symptoms and to comply with guidelines on isolation should they test positive. Drawing on qualitative interview-based research, this paper analyses public understandings, expectations, and experiences of COVID-19 testing during the early stages of the programme. ﻿Through anthropological and sociological analysis of the findings we aim to contribute to social understandings of COVID-19 testing practices; and to inform the design of population level testing programmes for future pandemics.MethodsBetween 7 July and 24 September 2020, 70 semi-structured interviews were conducted with members of the general public (aged 19–85) living in the Lothian region of Scotland. Interviews were held online or by telephone, were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis informed by anthropological and sociological theories of medical testing.FindingsSocial relationships and ethical considerations shape testing practices at every stage of the testing process. Members of the public viewed testing as a civic duty to society and moral duty to friends, family, and colleagues. However, the testing process also placed a significant social, economic, and practical burden on the individual and sometimes generated competing obligations. Many participants experienced a disconnect between the government’s portrayal of testing as easy and the everyday burden of testing.ConclusionsCOVID-19 testing is experienced as a social process shaped by multiple relationships and ethical considerations. The full burden of testing should be considered in the design of future testing programmes.