bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperlactataemia and acid–base disturbances in normotensive patients with acute heart failure
Authors: Bar Omer , Aronson Doron 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Aims
Acute heart failure (AHF) may be associated with low-tissue perfusion and/or hypoxaemia leading to increased lactate levels and acid–base perturbations. Few data are available on the clinical significance of elevated lactate levels and primary acid–base disorders in the setting of AHF.

Methods and results
Arterial blood gas was obtained at admission in 4012 normotensive (systolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg) patients with AHF. The association between lactate levels and acid–base status and in-hospital mortality was determined using multivariable logistic regression. Hyperlactataemia (&gt;2 mmol/L) was present in 38.0% of patients and was strongly associated with markers of sympathetic activation, such as hyperglycaemia. Hyperlactataemia was present in 31.0%, 43.7%, and 42.0% of patients with normal pH, acidosis, and alkalosis, respectively. In-hospital mortality occurred in 16.4% and 11.1% of patients with and without hyperlactataemia [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.49; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22–1.82, P &lt; 0.0001]. Compared with normal pH, the OR for in-hospital mortality was 2.48 (95% CI 1.95–3.16, P &lt; 0.0001) in patients with acidosis and 1.77 (95% CI 1.32–2.26, P &lt; 0.0001) in patients with alkalosis. The risk for in-hospital mortality was high with acidosis (18.1%) or alkalosis (10.4%) even with normal lactate. The most common primary acid–base disturbances included metabolic acidosis, respiratory acidosis, and metabolic alkalosis with respiratory acidosis having the highest risk for in-hospital mortality.

Conclusion
Hyperlactataemia was common in patients without hypotension and was associated with increased risk for in-hospital mortality. Hyperlactataemia is not associated with any specific acid–base disorder. Acute heart failure patients also present with diverse acid–base disorders portending increased in-hospital mortality.
Survey Research Among Older Migrants: Age-Related Differences in Contact and Cooperation
Authors: Seibel Verena , Haan Marieke 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Given the increasing academic interest in older migrants, this study aims at examining the likelihood of establishing contact and cooperation in a survey among first-generation migrants in Germany, comparing migrants of age 50 and older with younger migrants (aged 16–49).

Research Design and Methods
We analyze data from the Migrants’ Welfare State Attitudes (MIFARE) study collected in Germany, which contains information about first-generation migrants from 9 different origin groups living in private households. Potential survey participants were contacted via mail and invited to participate in a paper- or online-based survey. In addition, an incentive experiment was implemented and age-dependent response rates were analyzed. Using logistic regression analyses, we compare older and younger migrants with regard to their likelihood of contact, cooperation, reaction to incentives, and mode choice.

Results
Within the MIFARE study, older migrants are more likely to be contacted than younger ones. Older migrants are also more likely to cooperate in survey research than younger migrants. Both groups respond equally positively to the use of unconditional incentives. Lastly, older migrants show a strong preference to fill out the questionnaire on paper, rather than online.

Discussion and Implications
Older first-generation migrants living in private households are easier to contact and are more likely to cooperate in survey research than younger first-generation migrants. Offering unconditional incentives and surveys on paper are likely to increase response rates among older migrants.
Aerial detection of beached marine plastic using a novel, hyperspectral short-wave infrared (SWIR) camera
Authors: Cocking Jennifer , Narayanaswamy Bhavani E , Waluda Claire M , Williamson Benjamin J 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Plastic pollution in the marine environment is a pervasive, global problem that threatens wildlife and human health. Routine monitoring is required to determine pollution hotspots, focus clean-up efforts, and assess the efficacy of legislation implemented to reduce environmental contamination. The shoreline represents an accessible area, relative to open water, from which to monitor this. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) offer a low-cost platform for remote sensing that operates below cloud coverage, which can interfere with satellite imagery. Detection of plastic using visible light is limited however, and results may be improved by using short-wave infrared (SWIR) imagery to collect chemical information. Within the commercial recycling industry, plastic items are sorted successfully based on their composition using SWIR instrumentation that measures the chemical spectra of waste items under controlled illumination. Here, proof of concept is established for aerial detection of domestic and shoreline-harvested plastic items on a beach under natural sunlight with a lightweight (800 g), hyperspectral SWIR camera deployed at an altitude of ∼ 5 m over ∼ 30-m transects. The results of spectral correlation mapping to compare imagery spectra to polyethylene and polypropylene reference spectra demonstrate that these two polymers can be successfully detected with this novel method.
Calanus finmarchicus basin scale life history traits and role in community carbon turnover during spring
Authors: Jónasdóttir Sigrún H , Naustvoll Lars , Teglhus Frederik Wolff , Agersted Mette Dalgaard , Grenwald Julie C , Melle Webjørn , Nielsen Torkel Gissel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The copepod Calanus finmarchicus was investigated in four Subpolar Basins, Labrador, Irminger, Iceland, and Norwegian Seas, during spring, covering the time of ascent, grazing, and initiation of reproduction in the area. Lipid content, spawning activity, and stage composition and vital rates, such as egg and faecal pellet production were measured and linked to environmental parameters. Specific egg- and faecal pellet production rates varied with diatom biomass and were negatively correlated with temperature. Comparison of the various biological indicators revealed different life history traits C. finmarchicus has adopted in the different basins. In Labrador Sea, the females have invested in large eggs compared to the remaining basins. Labrador and Irminger Sea C. finmarchicus invest in size that we propose to be adaptation to cope with warmer overwintering habitats resulting in larger potential lipid storage capacity, while the Iceland and Norwegian Sea females can invest their remaining lipid storage in spring to fuel lipid-driven egg production. Grazing pressure on the phytoplankton community was estimated and compared between copepod and two dominating groups of protozooplankton; ciliates and heterotrophic dinoflagellates. Despite approximately the same biomass in the upper 100 m, the grazing impact of the protozoan grazers was an order of magnitude higher than the C. finmarchicus dominated mesozooplankton. This illustrates the importance to also include the smallest grazers when studying the spring bloom in high latitude marine ecosystems if the fate of the primary production should be fully understood.
Being able is not necessarily being willing: governance implications of social, policy, and science-related factors influencing uptake of selective gear
Authors: Steins Nathalie A , Mattens Alessa L , Kraan Marloes 
Published: January 2022

AbstractImproving the selectivity of fishing gear and practices has been a challenge for fishers, scientists, and policy-makers for decades. In Europe, urgency increased with the introduction of the landing obligation. Voluntary uptake of proven selective gears has been poor across the globe. To increase uptake levels, a move from science-led to industry-led development of selective gears has been advocated. In the Netherlands, gear innovation has, since the mid-2000s, been fisher-led. Nevertheless, this did not result in the assumed increase in uptake. Our qualitative study amongst Dutch demersal fishers shows that decisions to voluntarily adopt proven fishing gear are driven by a complex interplay of social, policy, and science-related factors. These can be attributed to two behavioural components: Willingness and Ability. Willingness, our study showed, is closely linked to: (i) intrinsic motivations and beliefs about sustainable fishing as well as perceptions about the motivations and behaviour of other fishers; (ii) the extent to which fishers consider policy goals and regulations as legitimate; and (iii) strong normative beliefs amongst fishers about the presence (or absence) of a level playing field, in terms of both the same rules applying to all and trust in compliance and enforcement. Ability is associated with knowledge, skills, economic, and legal possibilities to enable voluntary uptake, and tends to be the focus of science and policy. We conclude that a narrow focus on Ability as a driver for encouraging selective fishing is unlikely to result in real changes, and recommend a stronger emphasis on addressing social, policy- and science-related factors associated with Willingness in encouraging more selective fisheries.
Splitting schemes for a Lagrange multiplier formulation of FSI with immersed thin-walled structure: stability and convergence analysis
Authors: Annese Michele , Fernández Miguel A , Gastaldi Lucia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe numerical approximation of incompressible fluid–structure interaction problems with Lagrange multiplier is generally based on strongly coupled schemes. This delivers unconditional stability, but at the expense of solving a computationally demanding coupled system at each time step. For the case of the coupling with immersed thin-walled solids, we introduce a class of semi-implicit coupling schemes that avoids strongly coupling without compromising stability and accuracy. A priori energy and error estimates are derived. The theoretical results are illustrated through numerical experiments in an academic benchmark.
Combination of genetically engineered T cells and immune checkpoint blockade for the treatment of cancer
Authors: Rossetti Rafaela , Brand Heloísa , Lima Sarah Caroline Gomes , Furtado Izadora Peter , Silveira Roberta Maraninchi , Fantacini Daianne Maciely Carvalho , Covas Dimas Tadeu , de Souza Lucas Eduardo Botelho 
Published: January 2022

AbstractImmune checkpoint (IC) blockade using monoclonal antibodies is currently one of the most successful immunotherapeutic interventions to treat cancer. By reinvigorating antitumor exhausted T cells, this approach can lead to durable clinical responses. However, the majority of patients either do not respond or present a short-lived response to IC blockade, in part due to a scarcity of tumor-specific T cells within the tumor microenvironment. Adoptive transfer of T cells genetically engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) or engineered T-cell receptors (TCRs) provide the necessary tumor-specific immune cell population to target cancer cells. However, this therapy has been considerably ineffective against solid tumors in part due to IC-mediated immunosuppressive effects within the tumor microenvironment. These limitations could be overcome by associating adoptive cell transfer of genetically engineered T cells and IC blockade. In this comprehensive review, we highlight the strategies and outcomes of preclinical and clinical attempts to disrupt IC signaling in adoptive T-cell transfer against cancer. These strategies include combined administration of genetically engineered T cells and IC inhibitors, engineered T cells with intrinsic modifications to disrupt IC signaling, and the design of CARs against IC molecules. The current landscape indicates that the synergy of the fast-paced refinements of gene-editing technologies and synthetic biology and the increased comprehension of IC signaling will certainly translate into a novel and more effective immunotherapeutic approaches to treat patients with cancer.
Transcriptome analyses indicate that heat stress-induced inflammation in white adipose tissue and oxidative stress in skeletal muscle is partially moderated by zilpaterol supplementation in beef cattle
Authors: Reith Rachel R , Sieck Renae L , Grijalva Pablo C , Swanson Rebecca M , Fuller Anna M , Diaz Duarte E , Schmidt Ty B , Yates Dustin T , Petersen Jessica L 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHeat stress (HS) triggers oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and disrupts growth efficiency of livestock. β-adrenergic agonists supplemented to ruminant livestock improve growth performance, increase skeletal muscle mass, and decrease carcass fat. The objective of this study was to understand the independent and interacting effects of HS and zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) supplementation on the transcriptome of subcutaneous white adipose tissue and the longissimus dorsi muscle in steers. Twenty-four Red Angus-based steers were assigned to thermoneutral (TN; Temperature Humidity Index [THI] = 68) or HS (THI = 73–85) conditions and were not supplemented or supplemented with ZH (8.33 mg/kg/d) for 21 d in a 2 × 2 factorial. Steers in the TN condition were pair-fed to the average daily feed intake of HS steers. RNA was isolated from adipose tissue and skeletal muscle samples collected via biopsy on 3, 10, and 21 d and sequenced using 3ʹ Tag-Seq to an achieved average depth of 3.6 million reads/sample. Transcripts, mapped to ARS-UCD1.2, were quantified. Differential expression (DE) analyses were performed in DESeq2 with a significance threshold for false discovery rate of 0.05. In adipose, 4 loci (MISP3, APOL6, SLC25A4, and S100A12) were DE due to ZH on day 3, and 2 (RRAD, ALB) were DE due to the interaction of HS and ZH on day 10 (Padj &lt; 0.05). In muscle, 40 loci (including TENM4 and OAZ1) were DE due to ZH on day 10, and 6 loci (HIF1A, LOC101903734, PDZD9, HNRNPU, MTUS1, and TMCO6) were DE due to environment on day 21 (Padj &lt; 0.05). To explore biological pathways altered by environment, supplement, and their interaction, loci with DE (Praw &lt; 0.05) were evaluated in Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. In adipose, 509 pathways were predicted to be altered (P &lt; 0.01): 202 due to HS, 126 due to ZH, and 181 due to the interaction; these included inflammatory pathways predicted to be upregulated due to HS but downregulated due to the interaction of HS and ZH. In muscle, 113 pathways were predicted to be altered (P &lt; 0.01): 23 due to HS, 66 due to ZH, and 24 due to the interaction of HS and ZH. Loci and pathway data in muscle suggest HS induced oxidative stress and that the stress response was moderated by ZH. Metabolic pathways were predicted to be altered due to HS, ZH, and their interaction in both tissues. These data provide evidence that HS and ZH interact to alter expression of genes in metabolic and immune function pathways and that ZH moderates some adverse effects of HS.
A leaderless mRNA including tRNA-like sequence encodes a small peptide that regulates the expression of GcvB small RNA inEscherichia coli
Authors: Muto Akira , Goto Simon , Kurita Daisuke , Ushida Chisato , Soma Akiko , Himeno Hyota 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA tRNA-like sequence conserved in the genomes of all Escherichia coli strains was found. The sequence resembles arginine-tRNA, which is present in E. coli pathogenic islands and phages. Expression experiments revealed that this sequence is a part of a leaderless mRNA encoding a short peptide (60 amino acids: XtpA). A deletion mutant of this gene is more sensitive than wild-type cell to several aminoglycoside antibiotics at low concentrations. Further analyses indicated that XtpA positively regulates the expression of GcvB small RNA, which is involved in the intrinsic resistance to aminoblycosides in E. coli.
Pruritus in the Pediatric Burn Population
Authors: Zuccaro Jennifer , Budd Diandra , Kelly Charis , Fish Joel S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Postburn pruritus is a significant issue that can have a devastating impact on patient quality of life. Despite its known negative impact, few studies have focused on the pediatric population. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the incidence of pruritus among pediatric burn patients as well as identify its predictive factors and commonly used treatments, including the novel use of laser therapy. A retrospective analysis of all burn patients treated at our pediatric burn center from 2009 to 2017 was conducted. The primary outcome measure was the presence or absence of pruritus at any point following the burn. One thousand seven hundred and eighty-three patients met the inclusion criteria for this study. The mean age at injury was 3.67 years (SD = 4.02) and the mean burn TBSA was 3.48% (SD = 4.81) with most burns resulting from scalds (66%). In total, 665 patients (37.3%) experienced pruritus. Following multivariable logistic regression, TBSA, age &gt;5 years, burns secondary to fire/flame, and burn depth, were identified as significant predictors of pruritus (P &lt; .05). Pruritus was treated with diphenhydramine (85.0%), hydroxyzine (37.3%), and gabapentin (4.2%) as well as massage (45.7%), pressure garments (20.0%), and laser therapy (8.6%). This study addresses the knowledge gap in the literature related to postburn pruritus among pediatric patients and includes one of the largest patient cohorts published to date. Moreover, the results further contribute to our understanding of postburn pruritus in children and may help us to predict which patients are most likely to be affected, so that treatment can be initiated as soon as possible.
Cost-Effectiveness of Tight Control for Crohn’s Disease With Adalimumab-Based Treatment: Economic Evaluation of the CALM Trial From a Canadian Perspective
Authors: Lakatos Peter L , Kaplan Gilaad G , Bressler Brian , Khanna Reena , Targownik Laura , Jones Jennifer , Rahal Yasmine , McHugh Kevin , Panaccione Remo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCrohn’s disease (CD) is associated with reduced quality of life, increased absenteeism and high direct medical costs resulting from frequent hospitalizations and surgeries. Tumor necrosis factor–alpha inhibitors (TNFi’s) have transformed the therapeutic landscape and enabled a shift from a symptom control to a treat-to-target strategy. The Effect of Tight Control Management on Crohn’s Disease (CALM) trial demonstrated tight control (TC), with TNFi dose changes informed by biochemical markers of inflammation, achieved higher mucosal healing rates compared with conventional management (CM) based on symptoms. A Markov model compared TC and CM strategies from the perspective of the Canadian public payer using patient-observation data from the CALM trial. A regression model estimated weekly CD Activity Index–based transition matrices over a 5-year horizon and included covariates to improve extrapolation of outcomes beyond the 48-week trial assessment period. Costs of CD-related hospitalizations, biomarker tests and adalimumab injections were sourced from public data. Other direct medical costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated. Absenteeism was monetized and included in a sensitivity analysis. Over the 5-year time horizon, TC reduced hospitalization costs by 64% compared with CM. Other direct medical costs were reduced by 22%; adalimumab costs increased by 38%, generating an ICER of $35,168 per QALY gained. Absenteeism costs were reduced by 54%, and, when that was included in the model, TC became dominant compared with CM. Management of CD with TC is cost-effective compared with CM in Canada and is dominant if indirect costs associated with absenteeism are included. Trial registration number: NCT01235689.
Covert Qualitative Research as a Method to Study Human Rights Under Authoritarian Regimes
Authors: Hopman Marieke J 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article considers whether covert research methods may be an ethically acceptable method for doing human rights research in areas under control of authoritarian regimes, and, if so, how this research can and should be conducted. The author’s study on the rights of children living in Western Sahara under Moroccan control, where a covert qualitative research method was employed, is taken as a central case study. The article concludes that covert qualitative research in authoritarian zones is ethically acceptable, and sometimes even necessary, under three conditions: 1) the research aims to contribute to the protection of human rights; 2) research subjects remain anonymous; 3) there is no other, overt way to obtain the necessary data. The article aims to present a challenging yet sometimes necessary and valuable method for studying human rights in areas that otherwise may be inaccessible to human rights researchers. It contributes to a longer standing debate on the ethical acceptability of covert research methods, as well as to provide practical guidance to researchers (both academic and non-academic) who are considering using this method to study human rights violations.
Overseas immigration liaison officers: ‘Knowledge brokers’ and transnational spaces of mid-level negotiations shaping extraterritorial migration control practices
Authors: Ostrand Nicole 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA significant yet overlooked aspect in many states’ extraterritorial migration control efforts is their immigration liaison officers (ILOs) posted to foreign jurisdictions, who make decisions and take actions abroad to support their country’s immigration goals. Importantly, this occurs within an interconnected system of nation-states, requiring mid-level officials from multiple states to co-operate. Yet, there is very little analysis on what happens in these foreign jurisdictions where officials from across national and organisational boundaries interact and negotiate the management of migration flows. This article aims to fill this gap by drawing on empirical research on the UK’s overseas immigration liaison network. Analysis is based on original interviews with Home Office officials, Freedom of Information requests, and documentary research. I find that UK ILOs are a main contact point between the country they represent, local authorities in the host state, and Global North counterparts from other states, making them key sites for the transnational exchange of information, ‘intelligence’ and ‘know-how’. In this way, they are like ‘knowledge brokers’, contributing to a ‘global–local diffusion’ of ideas. Despite power hierarchies, this is not a one-way transfer from the Global North to the South. Instead, I find Global South actors are also key subjects in this process. By going beyond policies on paper and formal inter-state agreements, this study offers important insight into a largely hidden yet central part of a state’s extraterritorial migration control: informal spaces of negotiation between mid-level officials from across national and organisational boundaries who negotiate and contest migration control practices.