bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging a microfocus X-ray focal spot with a thin coded aperture
Authors: Davis Graham R. , Beckenbach Thomas , Meyer Pascal 
Published: November 2022

AbstractImaging of the focal spot size in X-ray generators can be achieved by means of a pinhole in a highly attenuating material, such as gold. For microfocus generators with spot sizes of only around 10 microns or less, the material must be very thin to avoid an impractical aspect ratio. With a 90 kV source, only 11% attenuation is attained with 5 µm gold. For a pinhole that is smaller than the focal spot, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) may be less than 1. To image the focal spot of a medical X-ray generator, a coded aperture has been used previously to reduce the exposure time required, however the same technique does not appear to have been used to increase the SNR when the attenuation is very low. Such a method is used here, using a no-two-holes-touching variation of a modified uniformly redundant array (MURA). In a prototype sample, with only 5 µm gold having 2.75 µm holes, the focal spot of a microfocus X-ray generator used in a micro-CT system could be clearly visualised and quantified. Directionality of the aberrations made focussing of the X-ray spot more intuitive and reduced the time required to obtain an optimal, quantifiable focus.
Topographical anatomy of the albino rat’s ischiotrochanteric muscle group
Authors: Pretterklieber Bettina , Pretterklieber Michael L. , Kerschan-Schindl Katharina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe obturator internus, gemelli, and quadratus femoris muscles are thought to be postural muscles. Thus, they are in the focus of research. Although these muscles are described in other species, detailed descriptions are still lacking for the albino rat. We hypothesized that the rat’s ischiotrochanteric muscle group is comparable to that of humans. We aimed to provide a detailed description, and to compare the rat’s condition with other species including humans. Both hind limbs of 30 adult male formalin-fixed albino rats were carefully dissected and photo documented. Our results were then compared with data for other species and descriptions of human anatomy. The gemellus muscle was one single muscle mass, originating from the lesser sciatic notch and an unnamed groove on the dorsal aspect of the ischium. The obturator internus muscle arose from the inner aspect of the tabula of ischium. Both muscles formed a continuum and inserted as one complex on the medial aspect of the greater trochanter. The quadratus femoris muscle originated from the outer aspect of the tabula of ischium and inserted on the distal portion of the intertrochanteric crest, and the dorsal aspect of the lesser trochanter. Despite minor differences, the topographical conditions of these muscles are comparable between rats and other mammals including humans.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor levels are associated with disease activity and possible complications in membranous nephropathy
Authors: Ding Na , Li Peng-Lei , Wu Kai-Li , Lv Tie-Gang , Yu Wen-Lu , Hao Jian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMembranous nephropathy (MN) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the deposition of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and complementary components in the epithelium of the glomerular capillary wall. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an inflammatory mediator released by macrophages. MIF plays a key regulatory function in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated glomerulonephritis. This study aimed to investigate whether MIF level could be associated with the activity of MN. Plasma and urine samples from 57 MN patients and 20 healthy controls were collected. The MIF levels in plasma and urine were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The expression of MIF in the renal specimens from 5 MN patients was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The associations of the plasma and urinary levels of MIF and glomerular MIF expression with clinical and pathological characteristics were analyzed. It was revealed that with the increase of MIF levels in plasma and urine, the severity of renal pathological injury in MN patients gradually increased. Correlation analysis showed that the MIF levels in plasma were positively correlated with the platelet (PLT) count (r = 0.302, P = 0.022), and inversely correlated with the prothrombin time (PT) (r =  − 0.292, P = 0.028) in MN patients. The MIF levels in plasma were positively correlated with the C-reactive protein (CRP) level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (r = 0.651, P < 0.0001; r = 0.669, P < 0.0001) in MN patients. The urinary levels of MIF were positively correlated with ESR (r = 0.562, P < 0.0001). IHC suggested that MIF was expressed in glomerular basement membrane and tubulointerstitial areas. MIF levels in plasma and urine could reflect the severity of MN, and MIF levels in plasma and urine could be associated with venous thrombosis and infectious complications in MN patients. The glomerular MIF expression could be used to indicate the activity of MN.
Prevalence, risk factors, and potential symptoms of hyponatremia after spinal surgery in elderly patients
Authors: Kinoshita Yuki , Tamai Koji , Oka Makoto , Habibi Hasibullah , Terai Hidetomi , Hoshino Masatoshi , Toyoda Hiromitsu , Suzuki Akinobu , Takahashi Shinji , Nakamura Hiroaki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOld age and spinal surgery significantly increase the risk of postoperative hyponatremia. However, detailed analyses of postoperative hyponatremia after spinal surgery in elderly patients are lacking. Therefore, we retrospectively reviewed the records of 582 consecutive patients aged > 60 years who underwent spinal surgery to evaluate the frequency, risk factors, and symptoms of postoperative hyponatremia after spinal surgery in the elderly population. Postoperative hyponatremia was defined as a postoperative blood sodium level < 135 meq/L at postoperative day (POD)1, POD3, and/or after POD6. A total of 92 (15.8%) patients showed postoperative hyponatremia. On a multivariate analysis, a diagnosis of a spinal tumor/infection, decompression and fusion surgery, and lower preoperative sodium levels were significant independent factors of postoperative hyponatremia (p = 0.014, 0.009, and < 0.001, respectively). In total, 47/92 (51%) cases could have been symptomatic; vomiting was noted in 34 cases (37%), nausea in 19 cases (21%), headache in 14 cases (15%), and disturbances in consciousness, including delirium, in ten cases (21%); all incidences of these symptoms were significantly higher in elderly patients with postoperative hyponatremia than in the matched control group without postoperative hyponatremia (p < 0.05, respectively). Additionally, the length of stay was 2 days longer in patients than in the matched controls (p = 0.002).
Object‐meta and MSGAE‐MP: Multi‐dimensional video anomaly detection
Authors: Zhang Shunyao , Song Xuehua , Wang Changda , Gu Yinwu , Ma Yiming , Ma Hailiang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAutoencoders have been widely used in video anomaly detection, and there are many variants. However, since these Autoencoders use frames as the input of the reconstruction network, they can only learn the pixel information in the frame and lack other key information. In addition, complete reconstruction of the frame will lead to memory consumption and waste of resources. In order to learn multi‐dimensional information and reduce memory usage, we propose to use the Object‐meta instead of video frames, and the Memory Search Guided Autoencoder with Memory Pools (MSGAE‐MP) to reconstruct. Every Object‐meta comes from the object and is composed of the type mask, position mask, optical flow, and pixels of the object. In this way, the multi‐dimensional information carried by the input can be strengthened. After generating Object‐meta, the MSGAE‐MP will use the high‐dimensional information to guide search in memory modules during the reconstruction, and it will construct multi‐level memory pools, so as to reconstruct Object‐meta in different dimensions. Experiments show that our method is feasible and has achieved excellent results.
Research on optimization strategy of urban medium voltage direct current distribution network construction considering application scenarios
Authors: Ouyang Sen , Xin Xi , Wang Fengxue , Huang Yi , Yang Moyuan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the distribution network planning work, taking into account the constraints of funds and construction annual plan, there is always the prioritization problem of multiple MVDC distribution networks. Aiming at the problem, this paper proposes a method for the optimization analysis of MVDC distribution network planning objects. Firstly, a comprehensive evaluation index system of urban MVDC distribution network planning and optimization is established from three aspects of improving power supply reliability and the quality of voltage, MVDC distribution network scenario types and distribution network social benefits. Then, the qualitative indexes are quantified based on the cloud model, and the comprehensive evaluation values of each distribution network are calculated and sorted by the hierarchical additive weighting of Delphi entropy weight method. Taking the maximum comprehensive evaluation value of the scheme as objective function and the annual total investment as constraint, the construction priority of multiple MVDC distribution networks is determined. Finally, taking several distribution networks in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China as examples, the simulation results show that the optimal objects of distribution network based on the urban scenario demands are X4, X8 and X1, with the lowest total investment cost of 19,180 yuan, thus verifying the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Distributed model predictive control of all‐dc offshore wind farm for short‐term frequency support
Authors: Zhang Zhihao , Kou Peng , Zhang Yuanhang , Liang Deliang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFrom technical and economical viewpoints, an all‐dc offshore wind farm (OWF) with a high‐voltage direct‐current (HVDC) connection, which is also known as HVDC‐connected all‐dc OWF, is the future trend for offshore wind energy applications. However, due to the decoupling effect of power converters, all‐dc OWF cannot directly provide short‐term frequency support for the onshore ac gird, that is, primary frequency response and inertia support. To address this issue, this paper presents a distributed model predictive control (DMPC) scheme for all‐dc OWF. By directly suppressing the voltage deviation and the rate of change of voltage of the offshore dc collection network, this scheme indirectly decreases the frequency deviation and the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) of the onshore ac grid. Meanwhile, the scheme ensures the stability of wind turbines in all‐dc OWF during the frequency events. Considering a large number of wind turbines in the OWF, the corresponding optimization problem is solved in a distributed way using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), thus reducing the computational burden. Simulations including the performance comparison with droop control validate the effectiveness of this scheme.
Optimising the Hα index for the identification of activity signals in FGK stars
Authors: Gomes da Silva J. , Bensabat A. , Monteiro T. , Santos N. C. 
Published: November 2022

Context. The Ca II H&K and Hα lines are two of the most used activity diagnostics for detecting stellar activity signals in the optical regime, and for inferring possible false positives in exoplanet detection with the radial velocity method. The flux in the two lines is known to follow the solar activity cycle, and to correlate well with sunspot number and other activity diagnostics. However, for other stars, the flux in these lines is known to have a wide range of correlations, increasing the difficulty in the interpretation of the signals observed with the Hα line.
Aims. In this work we investigate the effect of the Hα bandpass width on the correlation between the Ca II and Hα indices with the aim of improving the Hα index to better identify and model the signals coming from activity variability.
Methods. We used a sample of 152 FGK dwarfs observed with HARPS for more than 13 yr with enough cadence to be able to detect rotational modulations and cycles in activity proxies. We calculated the Ca II and Hα activity indices using a range of bandwidths for Hα between 0.1 and 2.0 Å. We studied the correlation between the indices’ time series at long and short timescales, and analysed the impact of stellar parameters, activity level, and variability on the correlations.
Results. The correlation between Ca II and Hα, both at short and long timespans, is maximised when using narrow Hα bandwidths, with a maximum at 0.6 Å. For some inactive stars, as the activity level increases, the flux in the Hα line core increases, while the flux in the line wings decreases as the line becomes shallower and broader. The balance between these fluxes can cause stars to show the negative correlations observed in the literature when using a wide bandwidth on Hα. These anti-correlations may become positive correlations if using the 0.6 Å bandwidth. We demonstrate that rotationally modulated signals observed in SCa II, which appear flat or noisy when using 1.6 Å on SHα, can become more evident if a 0.6 Å bandpass is used instead. Low activity variability appears to be a contributing factor for the cases of weak or no correlations.
Conclusions. Calculating the Hα index using a bandpass of 0.6 Å maximises the correlation between Ca II and Hα, both at short and long timescales. On the other hand, the use of the broader 1.6 Å, generally used in exoplanet detection to identify stellar activity signals, degrades the signal by including the flux in the line wings. In view of these results, we strongly recommend the use of a 0.6 Å bandwidth when computing the Hα index for the identification of activity rotational modulation and magnetic cycle signals in solar-type stars.
A novel through-the-scope helix tack-and-suture device for mucosal defect closure following colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection: a multicenter study
Authors: Farha Jad , Ramberan Hemchand , Aihara Hiroyuki , Zhang Linda Y. , Mehta Amit , Hage Camille , Schlachterman Alexander , Kumar Anand , Shinn Brianna , Canakis Andrew , Kim Raymond E. , DʼSouza Lionel S. , Buscaglia Jonathan M. , Storm Andrew C. , Samarasena Jason , Chang Kenneth , Friedland Shai , Draganov Peter V. , Qumseya Bashar J. , Jawaid Salmaan , Othman Mohamed O. , Hasan Muhammad K. , Yang Dennis , Khashab Mouen A. , Ngamruengphong Saowanee ,   ESD-Closure working group
Published: November 2022

Background Complete closure of large mucosal defects following colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) with through-the-scope (TTS) clips is oftentimes not possible. We aimed to report our early experience of using a novel TTS suturing system for the closure of large mucosal defects after colorectal ESD.
Methods We performed a retrospective multicenter cohort study of consecutive patients who underwent attempted prophylactic defect closure using the TTS suturing system after colorectal ESD. The primary outcome was technical success in achieving complete defect closure, defined as a < 5 mm residual mucosal defect in the closure line using TTS suturing, with or without adjuvant TTS clips.
Results 82 patients with a median defect size of 30 (interquartile range 25–40) mm were included. Technical success was achieved in 92.7 % (n = 76): TTS suturing only in 44 patients (53.7 %) and a combination of TTS suturing to approximate the widest segment followed by complete closure with TTS clips in 32 (39.0 %). Incomplete/partial closure, failure of appropriate TTS suture deployment, and the need for over-the-scope salvage closure methods were observed in 7.3 % (n = 6). One intraprocedural bleed, one delayed bleed, and three intraprocedural perforations were observed. There were no adverse events related to placement of the TTS suture.
Conclusion The TTS suture system is an effective and safe tool for the closure of large mucosal defects after colorectal ESD and is an alternative when complete closure with TTS clips alone is not possible.
Chelation-Assisted Rhodium-Catalyzed Alkylation of a 1-Arylpyrazole C–H Bond with Cyclopropanols
Authors: Anbarasan Pazhamalai , Ramachandran Kuppan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA general and efficient rhodium-catalyzed ortho-alkylation of N-arylpyrazoles has been accomplished with cyclopropanols as coupling partners. The reaction involves cleavage of both a C–H bond of the arene and a C–C bond of the cyclopropanol, and it offers access to a diversity of substituted 1-(ortho-alkylaryl)-1H-pyrazoles in good to excellent yields. In addition, nonsymmetrical dialkylation and a preliminary mechanistic investigation are also discussed.
Ultra-compact x-ray spectrometer for high-repetition-rate laser–plasma experiments
Authors: Zeraouli G. , Mariscal D. , Grace E. , Scott G. G. , Swanson K. K. , Simpson R. , Djordjevic B. Z. , Nedbailo R. , Song H. , Morrison J. , Park J. , Hollinger R. , Wang S. , Rocca J. J. , Ma T. 
Published: November 2022

We present in this work the development of an ultra-compact, multi-channel x-ray spectrometer (UCXS). This diagnostic has been specially built and adapted to perform at high-repetition-rate (&gt;1 Hz) for high-intensity, short-pulse laser plasma experiments. X-ray filters of varying materials and thicknesses are chosen to provide spectral resolution up to ΔE ≈ 1 keV over the x-ray energy range of 1–30 keV. These filters are distributed over a total of 25 channels, where each x-ray filter is coupled to a single scintillator. The UCXS is designed to detect and resolve a large variety of laser-driven x-ray sources such as low energy bremsstrahlung emission, fluorescence, and betatron radiation (up to 30 keV). Preliminary results from commissioning experiments at the ABL laser facility at Colorado State University are provided.
A large-format streak tube for compressed ultrafast photography
Authors: Li Hang , Xue Yanhua , Tian Jinshou , Li Shaohui , Wang Junfeng , Chen Ping , Tian Liping , He Jianping , Zhang Minrui , Liu Baiyu , Gou Yongsheng , Xu Xiangyan , Li Yahui , Xin Liwei 
Published: November 2022

Streak cameras are powerful imaging instruments for studying ultrafast dynamics with the temporal resolution ranging from picosecond to attosecond. However, the confined detection area limits the information capacity of streak cameras, preventing them from fulfilling their potential in lidar, compressed ultrafast photography, etc. Here, we designed and manufactured a large-format streak tube with a large-size round-aperture gate, a spherical cathode, and a spherical screen, leading to an expanded detection area and a high spatial resolution. The simulation results show that the physical temporal resolution of the streak tube is better than 45 ps and the spatial resolutions are higher than 14 lp/mm in the whole area of 24 × 28 mm2 on the cathode. The experiments demonstrate the streak tube’s application potential in weak light imaging benefiting from the imaging magnification of 0.79, a photocathode radiance sensitivity of 37 mA/W, a radiant emitting gain of 11.6 at the wavelength of 500 nm, and a dynamic range higher than 512:1. Most importantly, in the photocathode area of Φ35 mm, the static spatial resolutions at the center and the edge along the slit (R = 16 mm) reach 32 and 28 lp/mm, respectively, and are higher than 10 lp/mm in the whole area of 24 × 28 mm2 on the cathode, allowing for a considerable capacity for spatial information.
Probing drift velocity dispersion in MAPbI3 photovoltaic cells with nonlinear photocurrent spectroscopy
Authors: Ouyang Zhenyu , Yan Liang , You Wei , Moran Andrew M. 
Published: November 2022

Conventional time-of-flight (TOF) measurements yield charge carrier mobilities in photovoltaic cells with time resolution limited by the RC time constant of the device, which is on the order of 0.1–1 µs for the systems targeted in the present work. We have recently developed an alternate TOF method, termed nonlinear photocurrent spectroscopy (NLPC), in which carrier drift velocities are determined with picosecond time resolution by applying a pair of laser pulses to a device with an experimentally controlled delay time. In this technique, carriers photoexcited by the first laser pulse are “probed” by way of recombination processes involving carriers associated with the second laser pulse. Here, we report NLPC measurements conducted with a simplified experimental apparatus in which synchronized 40 ps diode lasers enable delay times up to 100 µs at 5 kHz repetition rates. Carrier mobilities of ∼0.025 cm2/V/s are determined for MAPbI3 photovoltaic cells with active layer thicknesses of 240 and 460 nm using this instrument. Our experiments and model calculations suggest that the nonlinear response of the photocurrent weakens as the carrier densities photoexcited by the first laser pulse trap and broaden while traversing the active layer of a device. Based on this aspect of the signal generation mechanism, experiments conducted with co-propagating and counter-propagating laser beam geometries are leveraged to determine a 60 nm length scale of drift velocity dispersion in MAPbI3 films. Contributions from localized states induced by thermal fluctuations are consistent with drift velocity dispersion on this length scale.
The lexicon and creole formation
Authors: Fernández Mauro , Sippola Eeva M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
There is disagreement as to the formation period of Chabacano, Philippine Creole Spanish. This article examines
lexical items that have been claimed to stem from an early period of formation of Chabacano (Jacobs & Parkvall 2020). As a response to these claims, we show with ample dialectological and diachronic evidence
that Chabacano items ansina ‘this way, like this,’ endenantes ‘a little while ago’,
onde ‘where,’ and vos ‘2sg’ are compatible with any period of formation for the Creole.
Consequently, the presence of these lexical items in the Chabacano varieties does not link their formation to a hypothetical
proto-Creole created before 1640, nor does it lend proof to the hypothesis that the current varieties descend directly from it. In
general, we argue that creoles require as rigorous diachronic and diatopic studies as their lexifiers to show the maturity of
Creole Studies as a field of inquiry.
‘My brother from another mother’
Authors: Sousa Silvio Moreira De , Tan Raan-Hann 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Studies in linguistics and anthropology have demonstrated that kinship systems and cultural practices change upon
contact with other languages and cultures; however, creole kinship systems are generally overlooked. This paper examines the
kinship terminology used by the Portuguese Settlement community in Malacca, Malaysia. The mapping of this kinship terminology is based
on the division into terms of address and terms of reference, using three theoretical frameworks (‘identity alignment’, ‘language
as an act of identity’, and ‘partial reciprocal diffusion’), while also taking into account Malacca Creole Portuguese, the
standard variety of Malay, Baba Malay, Chetti Malay, Dutch, and English. The findings point to the existence of parallel kinship
systems within the same language and indicate lexical connections to the other creole communities in Malacca (namely, Chettis and
Baba-Nyonya). Accordingly, the terminology is divided into two segments: one oriented to the Portuguese superstrate and one toward
the substrates and adstrates.