bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
White matter disconnection and decreased functional connectivity between orbitofrontal cortex and the contralateral temporo-occipital cortex in adults with obsessive compulsive disorder
Authors: Queiroz J. , Oliveira J. , Maia A. , Fonseca C. , Quendera T. , Oliveira-Maia A. , Barahona-Correa B. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionObsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) affects 2-3% of the general population. The neurobiology of OCD has been linked to dysfunction of cortico-striatal circuits connecting the orbitofrontal (OFC) to the striatum. Recently, this loop has become an approved target for non-invasive neuromodulatory treatment of OCD.ObjectivesTo explore structural and functional connectivity of the OFC in OCD subjects and healthy controls.Methods14 OCD patients and 12 age/sex-matched controls underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (3T-Philips scanner) for diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and resting state functional connectivity (rsFC). DTI images were brain extracted and corrected for movement and eddy currents. A diffusion tensor model was fitted to each voxel and used to generate Fractional Anisotropy (FA) maps. Voxel-wise statistical analysis of FA was performed using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics. RsFC images were preprocessed and seed-based correlation (SBC) analysis was performed using Data Processing Assistant for Resting-State fMRI.ResultsWe found decreased values of FA in the body of the Corpus Callosum bilaterally (MNI_coordinates: x= 16, y= -16, z= 33 and x= -19, y= -16, z= 42) and left superior longitudinal fasciculus in OCD patients (fig 1, left), as well as decreased rsFC of the right superior orbitofrontal seed with the left inferior frontal gyrus and left middle occipital gyrus (fig 2, right).ConclusionsUsing an exploratory multimodal approach we found evidence of abnormal structural and functional long-range connectivity of the OFC in OCD. If confirmed in a larger sample these connectivity abnormalities could be explored as potential predictors of response to OFC-targeted non-invasive neuromodulatory interventions.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Pet imaging of receptor occupancy
Authors: Knudsen G. 
Published: February 2022

The discovery and development of drugs for treatment of brain disorders is an extremely challenging process requiring large resources, timelines, and associated costs. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) enables in vivo neuroimaging of various components of receptors, transporters, enzymatic activity and other types of proteins. PET also allows for studying the response to physiological or drug interventions in experimental medicine studies. Moreover, PET neuroimaging can assist to establish diagnoses in certain brain disorders and thereby improve patient selection and stratification for clinical trials. Over the past couple of decades, PET neuroimaging has thus become a central component of the evaluation of novel drugs for brain disorders, enabling decision-making in phase I studies, where early discharge of risk provides increased confidence to progress a candidate to a later phase testing at the right dose level or alternatively to kill a compound through failure to meet key criteria. The so called "3 pillars" of drug survival, namely; tissue exposure, target engagement, and pharmacologic activity, are particularly well suited for evaluation by PET imaging. Molecular neuroimaging has thus increasingly established itself as a unique tool that not only can demonstrate drug penetration and kinetics in the brain, but also identify pharmacodynamic effects, e.g., changes in glucose metabolism. It can also quantitate therapeutic action in vivo by determining, e.g., drug occupancy whereby the relevant dose ranges to be used in clinical efficacy trials can be determined.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Pharmacogenetics and adhd treatment outcomes in the danish population-based IPSYCH sample
Authors: Lunenburg C. , Ishtiak-Ahmed K. , Thirstrup J. , Gasse C. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPharmacogenetics (PGx) studies genetic variance and related differences in drug outcomes. The aim of PGx testing is to increase therapy efficacy and safety, by applying e.g. dose adjustments in patients with a specific geno- or phenotype. PGx guidelines for psychotropic drugs are available (PGx drugs), including atomoxetine used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In Denmark, broad implementation of PGx is currently still low, possibly due to the lack of population-based studies investigating the real-world impact of PGx variability.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to investigate the association of PGx variability (patients’ genotype/phenotype) in users of atomoxetine and different treatment outcomes in a large population-based sample of individuals with ADHD.MethodsThis study will use data of the large Danish population-based iPSYCH case-cohort study sample including information on genetic variants, prescription drug use and outcome data, e.g. psychiatric and somatic hospitalizations and death. The study population comprises all individuals diagnosed with ADHD born 1981-2005 with at least one prescription for atomoxetine between 1995 and 2016. All individuals will be categorized according to their CYP2D6 phenotypes. We will perform Cox regression analysis to estimate the hazard ratios comparing the rates of the different outcomes in people with different phenotypes adjusted for a number of confounding factors.ResultsWe have identified approximately 20,000 individuals with ADHD, of whom an estimated 10-20% have filled at least one prescription of atomoxetine.ConclusionsWe expect results in the beginning of 2021.DisclosureWe thank the iPSYCH consortium, in specific the iPSYCH PI’s (Merete Nordentoft, Anders Børglum, Preben B. Mortensen, Ole Mors, Thomas Werge and David M. Hougaard). The iPSYCH project is funded by the Lundbeck Foundation Denmark and the universities and un
Can atypical antipsychotic drugs cause hepatotoxicity?
Authors: André R. , Sereijo C. , Abreu M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionNeuropsychiatric drugs account for 16% of drugs that can lead to hepatotoxicity and psychiatric patients can have multiple comorbidities that can increase the incidence of liver disorders such as alcoholism, drug abuse and polymedication. The continuous use of atypical antipsychotic drugs (AAD) has raised questions over their tolerability over endocrine, metabolic and cardiovascular systems. They are also associated with mild elevation of aminotransferases and occasionally cause idiosyncratic liver injury with varying phenotypes. Hepatotoxicity is defined based on biological parameters such as elevation of alkaline phosphatase enzyme, SGPT, SGOT and GGT or clinical abnormalities (jaundice and hepatitis).ObjectivesThis work reviewed the current available evidence on the hepatic damage produced by AAD.MethodsNon-systematic review of the literature with selection of scientific articles published in the past 10 years; by searching Pubmed and Medscape databases using the combination of MeSH descriptors. The following MeSH terms were used: atypical antipsychotic drugs; hepatotoxicity; hepatic; Olanzapine; Clozapine; Risperidone; Aripiprazol; Paliperidone.ResultsAtypical Antipsychotic Drugs are generally well tolerated and hepatic alterations are in general very low or rare. The cases published were observed with Clozapine, Olanzapine and Risperidone. Atypical Antipsychotic drugs have a better profile than Chlorpromazine.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the hepatic injury generally occurs within the first weeks of treatment and is usually reversible with drug withdrawal. Hepatic check-ups may be relevant, especially in the beginning of treatment.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Critical analysis of the electroconvulsive therapy unit of centro hospitalar lisboa norte
Authors: Da Silva C. Perestrelo , Cordeiro A.C. , Chendo I. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionElectroconvulsivotherapy (ECT) one of the oldest treatments in biological psychiatry, is used nowaday mainly due to safety, efficacy and tolerability. Can be first-line treatment for mood disorders with catatonic or psychotic symptoms, and a second-line tretament to pharmacoherapy resistance or intolerable side effects.ObjectivesTo analyze the number of ECTs done, the number of patients submitted to this procedure in the ECT Unit in Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte (CHULN) comparing their diagnosis. To evaluate the number of patients that underwent maintenance and/or continuation treatment.MethodsRetrospective study involving patients submitted to ECT from 1 of January to 31 of December of 2019. A literature review exploring the use of ECT in psychiatry was conducted.ResultsDuring the 12-month period were performed 179 sessions, corresponding to 18 patients. The diagnosis were schizophrenia, 55%, bipolar disorder, 39% and 6% with major depression. Only 28% underwent continuation and/or maintenance treatment.ConclusionsIn this sample, of those diagnosed with schizophrenia, 90% were submitted to ECT due to oral therapy failure and 10% due to catatonia. Of those diagnosed with bipolar disorder 42.9% had a depressive episode and of these 14.2% had psychotic symptoms. This Unit is integrated in the biggest hospital of Portugal, it is import to understand the small number of patients submitted to this treatment and identify factors that may be preventing the referral of patients to this treatment. Clinicians may have the impression that ECT should be left as a last resort treatment which may explain the low percentage of major depression among our patients.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Ethno-psychopharmacological aspects of treatment response in patients with delusional syndrome: A systematic review
Authors: Guàrdia A. , González-Rodríguez A. , Seeman M.V. , Pedrero A. Alvarez , Betriu M. , Monreal J.A. , Vidal D. Palao , Labad J. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionTreatment response in schizophrenia can be influenced by cultural and ethno-biological factors. However, in delusional disorder (DD), these potential influences have been poorly investigated.ObjectivesThis review aims to synthesize what is known about the influence that cultural and biological factors may have on treatment response in DD.MethodsA systematic review was performed on PubMed from inception to 2020 in keeping with PRISMA directives. Search terms: [(cultural OR ethnic* OR ethno*) AND (treatment OR therap* OR antipsychotic response) AND (delusional disorder)]. We included all studies whose objective was to explore ethno-psychopharmacological aspects of treatment response in DD.ResultsA total of 182 papers were retrieved. Four studies tested ethno-biological factors and 10 reported cultural aspects of treatment response in DD. 1. Cultural hypothesis: 3 studies reported cultural differences in diagnostic practices; in 2 studies, culturally-determined long durations of untreated psychosis (DUP) and comorbidity with mood disorders was associated with response to both antipsychotics (AP) and antidepressants (AD); 3 studies reported that response and AP dose were similar among cultures and that culturally-sensitive psychotherapy improved adherence; 2 studies showed that, where women had poor access to health care, mortality rates were high. 2. Ethno-biological hypothesis: 1 study reviewed moderators and mediators of ethno-specific treatment response; 1 study presented a culture-bound syndrome (Taijin kyofusho) for which AD were found effective; 2 studies in diverse populations found that DD and schizophrenia were both significantly linked to HLA genes.ConclusionsThe sociodemographic profile of DD is consistent across various cultures and, when treated appropriately, responds, but in an ethno-culturally-specific manner.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Efficacy and safety of lurasidone in adolescents and young adults with schizophrenia: Pooled analysis of double-blind, placebo-controlled 6-week studies
Authors: Calisti F. , Costamagna I. , Hsu J. , Tocco M. , Pikalov A. , Goldman R. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionOnset of schizophrenia commonly occurs during late adolescence or early adulthood and is often characterized by greater symptom severity and impairment.ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of lurasidone in the treatment of acute schizophrenia in adolescents and young adults.MethodsThe 4 studies in this pooled analysis used similar study designs. Patients (ages 13-25 years) were randomized to 6 weeks of double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment with once-daily lurasidone (37 mg, 74 mg, 111 mg, 148 mg). The primary outcome was endpoint change in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score; secondary measures included the Clinical Global Impression, Severity scale (CGI-S).ResultsThe safety population consisted of 537 patients; 79.1% completed the studies. Treatment with lurasidone was significant (P<0.001) at Week 6 endpoint for change in the PANSS total score, with higher effect sizes (ES) at higher doses (37 mg, 0.53; 74 mg, 0.57; 111 mg, 0.67; 148 mg, 1.35); significance was also observed for change in the CGI-S (37 mg, 0.51; 74 mg, 0.49; 111 mg, 0.57; 148 mg, 1.75). For lurasidone (combined doses), 3 adverse events occurred with a frequency ≥5% (nausea, 13.5%; somnolence, 12.1%; akathisia, 10.1%); 4.8% of patients discontinued due to an adverse event. At LOCF-endpoint, 3.6% of patients had weight gain ≥7%, and 1.5% had weight loss ≥7%. Minimal median changes were observed at endpoint in metabolic lab values.ConclusionsIn adolescents and young adults with schizophrenia, treatment with lurasidone in doses of 37-148 mg/d was a safe, well-tolerated, and effective treatment.DisclosurePresenter is an employee of Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc. The study summarized in this Abstract was supported by Funding from Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Possible relationships of addictive disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Authors: Krupa M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionOne of the most recent topics in addictive disorders is videogame-use disorder which is continuously under research, especially in adolescents. The specific structure of digital games (immortality, infinity, etc.) can sensitize adolescents to the development of problematic use. The number of researches about problematic video game use has increased significantly during the last decade. In 2013, this problem was included among “Disorders requiring further research” in DSM-5, and it was also included in ICD-11 as a separate diagnostic category in 2019.ObjectivesWe review studies investigating the association between the co-occurrence of ADHD and video game use in adolescents. We attempt to summarize new theoretical approaches to video game use disorder and the areas of present research.MethodsWe conducted a literature search in 4 databases (PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, Web of Science) using keywords (ADHD, adolescents, video game use disorder, internet addiction, game addiction) over the past 5 years. Exclusion criteria were the following: publication date before 2014, adult population, or comorbidity beside ADHD.ResultsThe comorbidity of video game use disorder and ADHD was frequent. Primarily cross-sectional studies examined the presence of hyperactivity, attention deficit, and impulsivity symptoms separately. The presence of attention deficit clearly showed an association with the development of video game use disorder.ConclusionsAdolescents diagnosed with ADHD have a greater possibility of developing video game use disorder and/or problematic psychoactive substance users. More attention should be paid to this comorbidity in not only the diagnostic process, but also in the development of prevention programs.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Life stressors and resources as predictors of adolescent suicide attempt
Authors: Plessis E. Du 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAdolescent suicide poses a serious public health challenge. Several factors, such as early losses, discordant relationships, poverty, abuse and other life crises have previously been associated with the rise in adolescent suicides. However, a dearth of information exists regarding South African research on adolescent suicide.ObjectivesThis study investigated the role of gender, race and psychosocial stressors and resources in attempted suicide among 1033 South African adolescents.MethodsUsing a cross-sectional research design, participants completed a biographical questionnaire and the Life Stressors and Social Resources Inventory, Youth Form. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify which stressors, resources and demographic variables, best predicted attempted suicide among the sample.ResultsThe findings suggest that 12.5% (129) of the sample had previously attempted suicide. Being of mixed race (p ≤ .01) and female (p ≤ .01) significantly increased the likelihood of attempting suicide. Stressors associated with the increased likelihood of attempting suicide were Parents (p ≤ .05), Extended Family (p ≤ .01), Home and Money (p ≤ .05), and Negative Life Events (p ≤ .01). Resources associated with the reduced likelihood of attempting suicide were supportive relationships with Parents (p ≤ .01), with Boyfriend/Girlfriend (p ≤ .01) and Positive Life Events (p ≤ .01).ConclusionsThese findings highlight the importance of supportive relationships and stable home conditions for the well being of adolescents.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Trends in suicides among italian youth aged 10 to 25: A nationwide register study
Authors: Forte A. , Vichi M. , Ghirini S. , Orri M. , Pompili M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSuicide continues to be a significant cause of mortality in most countries worldwide, especially among youth. Documenting current trends and sources of variation in youth suicide rates is critical to inform prevention strategies.ObjectivesWe aimed to 1. document suicide mortality trends among Italian youth from 1981 to 2016 2. describe age, sex, and urbanization specific suicide rates in this period, and 3. describe suicide methods and their change over time.MethodsWe relyed on official mortality data for the period 1981-2016 for adolescents and young adults (ages 10-25 years). We estimated standardized all-cause and suicide mortality rates per 100,000 individuals and used Joinpoint regression analysis to determine annual mortality trends and statistically significant changes in rate trends. Analyses were reported by sex, age group, urbanization level and suicide method.ResultsFrom 1981 to 2016, 1,752 suicides were identified among youth aged 10-17 (boys/girls ratio in 2016, 5.3) and 9,897 among youth aged 18-25 years (boys/girls ratio in 2016, 4.0). While the all-cause mortality rate decreased over time for both boys and girls, overall suicide rates remained stable for boys and showed a small decrease for girls. For boys, suicide was most common in rural than to metropolitan areas, while it was the opposite for girls. The most common method for boys was hanging, while for girls was fall.ConclusionsDifferently from other countries, youth suicides were stable (boys) or slightly declining (girls). We found differences according to the urban vs. rural areas. Factors influencing these trends and sex differences are crucial in delivering prevention strategies.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Rational suicide: The paradigm of survival
Authors: Torres S. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSuicide is an intriguing act of the human being. The reasons behind the violation of an instinct for survival is far from being understood. Besides, the emergence of assisted dying is raising even more questions about the concept of rational suicide, defined as a well-thought-out decision to die by whom is mentally competent.ObjectivesUnderstand the concept of rational suicide, in parallel with suicide, by exploring the views on this debate over the years and elucidating the relationship with mental disorders, mental capacity and patient’s rights.MethodsLiterature review performed on PubMed and Google Scholar databases, using the keywords “rational suicide”, “assisted death”, “suicide”, “phenomenology”, “mental capacity” and “responsibility for life”.ResultsThe theological condemnations of suicide – as sin or crime – were put aside with psychiatric development in the last century. Durkheim was the first important precursor of the contemporary view - suicide is a form of mental illness (psychosis or depression) not compatible with rational deliberation. With the increasingly open debate on assisted dying, this vision is being tested by cases of terminally ill patients subjected to experiences that many wouldn’t choose to tolerate. Moral right to self-determination and needless suffering are examples of arguments in favor of rational suicide.ConclusionsThe need for an open discussion about rational suicide is raising, specifically in relation to psychiatric disorders, mainly to resolve the conflict between the duty of care of psychiatrists and the autonomy of patients.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Screening for suicide risk in medical settings: From research to implementation
Authors: Horowitz L. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSuicide is an international public health problem and a leading cause of death for youth and adults, worldwide. Prevention efforts in health care systems create opportunities for identifying medical patients with occult suicidality. Detecting suicide risk among patients in medical settings can be a challenge, but successful suicide risk screening programs have been demonstrated in hospital settings.ObjectivesThis presentation will discuss how a suicide risk screening tool that was developed for the pediatric emergency department was tested and then implemented in other medical settings in order to leverage healthcare providers as partners in combating the public health crisis of youth suicide..MethodsImplementation and quality improvement projects in various medical settings that have adapted the ASQ will be described. Effective management of pediatric patients that screen positive for suicide risk and how mental health clinicians can best be utilized in efficient ways will also be discussed.ResultsAverage time to administer the ASQ was 20 seconds. Positive screen rates across ED, inpatient and outpatient settings ranging from 2-14% equating to one additional psychiatric consultation per week. The ASQ Toolkit was developed to help medical providers implement screening including scripts for nurses, flyers for parents and a brief suicide safety assessment (ASQ BSSA) to operationalize next steps for patients at risk.ConclusionsThe medical setting is a key venue for youth suicide risk detection and linking patients with effective interventions. Mental health clinicians have a role in guiding non-mental health providers in the identification and management of patients found to be at risk.DisclosureNo significant relationships.