bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti‐neurochondrin antibody as a biomarker in primary autoimmune cerebellar ataxia—a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Schwarzwald Anina , Salmen Anke , León Betancourt Alejandro Xavier , Diem Lara , Hammer Helly , Radojewski Piotr , Rebsamen Michael , Kamber Nicole , Chan Andrew , Hoepner Robert , Friedli Christoph 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeNeuronal autoantibodies can support the diagnosis of primary autoimmune cerebellar ataxia (PACA). Knowledge of PACA is still sparce. This article aims to highlight the relevance of anti‐neurochondrin antibodies and possible therapeutical consequences in people with PACA.MethodsThis is a case presentation and literature review of PACA associated with anti‐neurochondrin antibodies.ResultsA 33‐year‐old man noticed reduced control of the right leg in May 2020. During his first clinic appointment at our institution in September 2021, he complained about gait imbalance, fine motor disorders, tremor, intermittent diplopia and slurred speech. He presented a pancerebellar syndrome with stance, gait and limb ataxia, scanning speech and oculomotor dysfunction. Within 3 months the symptoms progressed. An initial cerebral magnetic resonance imaging, June 2020, was normal, but follow‐up imaging in October 2021 and July 2022 revealed marked cerebellar atrophy (29% volume loss). Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed lymphocytic pleocytosis of 11 x 103/L (normal range 0–4) and oligoclonal bands type II. Anti‐neurochondrin antibodies (immunoglobulin G) were detected in serum (1:10,000) and cerebrospinal fluid (1:320, by cell‐based indirect immunofluorescence assay and immunoblot, analysed by the EUROIMMUN laboratory). After ruling out alternative causes and neoplasia, diagnosis of PACA was given and immunotherapy (steroids and cyclophosphamide) was started in January 2022. In March 2022 a stabilization of disease was observed.ConclusionCerebellar ataxia associated with anti‐neurochondrin antibodies has only been described in 19 cases; however, the number of unrecognized PACAs may be higher. As anti‐neurochondrin antibodies target an intracellular antigen and exhibit a mainly cytotoxic T‐cell‐mediated pathogenesis, important therapeutic implications may result. Because of the severe and rapid clinical progression, aggressive immunotherapy was warranted. This case highlights the need for rapid diagnosis and therapy in PACA, as stabilization and even improvement of symptoms are attainable.
Bycatch in the Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) trawl fishery
Authors: Krafft Bjørn A. , Lowther Andrew , Krag Ludvig A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBycatch of nontarget species can contribute to overfishing and slow efforts to rebuild fish stocks. Controlling bycatch is fundamental to sustainable fishing and maintaining healthy populations of target species. The Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) fishery is the largest volume fishery in the Southern Ocean. Understanding the significance of bycatch and its diversity is critical to managing this keystone species. Registered bycatch data from the Antarctic krill fishery in the southwest Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean were analysed. Observers collected data following an internationally agreed method during the 2010–2020 fishing seasons, with a 20 (± 9) % coverage of fishing activity of Total catch of Antarctic krill which increased from 200,000 tonnes to 450,000 tonnes, with the greatest increase over the last 3 years. Except in 2010 (2.2%), the bycatch ratio was stable and ranged 0.1–0.3%. Fish dominated the bycatch, followed by tunicates and other crustaceans. Observer coverage was high, and bycatch levels were generally low across gear types. Given that accurate information on bycatch is important for sustaining developing fisheries, maintaining high observer coverage of this fishery will be important for detecting impacts from a warming climate and for moving back into historical fishing grounds.
UV index and climate seasonality explain fungal community turnover in global drylands
Authors: Egidi Eleonora , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel , Berdugo Miguel , Guirado Emilio , Albanese Davide , Singh Brajesh K. , Coleine Claudia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimFungi are major drivers of ecosystem functioning. Increases in aridity are known to negatively impact fungal community composition in dryland ecosystems globally; yet, much less is known on the potential influence of other environmental drivers, and whether these relationships are linear or nonlinear.Time period2017–2021.LocationGlobal.Major taxa studiedFungi.MethodsWe re‐analysed multiple datasets from different dryland biogeographical regions, for a total of 912 samples and 1,483 taxa. We examined geographical patterns in community diversity and composition, and spatial, edaphic and climatic factors driving them.ResultsUV index, climate seasonality, and sand content were the most important environmental predictors of community shifts, showing the strongest association with the richness of putative plant pathogens and saprobes. Important nonlinear relationships existed with each of these fungal guilds, with increases in UV and temperature seasonality above 7.5 and 900 SD (standard deviation x 100 of the mean monthly temperature), respectively, being associated with an increased probability of plant pathogen and unspecified saprotroph occurrence. Conversely, these environmental parameters had a negative relationship with litter and soil saprotroph richness. Consequently, these ecological groups might be particularly sensitive to shifts in UV radiation and climate seasonality, which is likely to disturb current plant–soil dynamics in drylands.Main conclusionsOur synthesis integrates fungal community data from drylands across the globe, allowing the investigation of fungal distribution and providing the first evidence of shifts in fungal diversity and composition of key fungal ecological groups along diverse spatial, climatic and edaphic gradients in these widely distributed ecosystems. Our findings imply that shifts in soil structure and seasonal climatic patterns induced by global change will have disproportionate consequences for the distribution of fungal groups linked to vegetation and biogeochemical cycling in drylands, with implications for plant–soil interactions in drylands.
Power laws and plant trait variation in spatio‐temporally heterogeneous environments
Authors: Hulshof Catherine M. , Umaña María Natalia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA challengeVariation is ubiquitous in nature across all spatial and temporal scales and underlies prominent ecological and evolutionary theories. Although understanding the causes and consequences of trait variation is a central goal of trait‐based ecology, the scaling of trait variance across space and time (variance scaling) is unresolved.A solutionWe argue that characterizing trait variance across spatio‐temporal scales using a combination of prominent power laws can elucidate the role of environmental variability in trait variation and potential mechanisms driving trait patterns. In particular, the species–time–area relationship and Taylor's power law help to establish a generalizable framework for developing and testing variance scaling theory. Finally, we outline priority research questions and tractable systems for answering them. Successional forests, long‐term forest monitoring networks and censuses of short‐lived taxa are ideal for coupling high‐resolution environmental data with measurements of trait variance across scales to test the models proposed here.Main conclusionsCharacterizing the behaviour of variance across spatio‐temporal scales is feasible and a prerequisite for developing a predictive theory of trait‐based ecology.
From local champions to global players: A long‐term perspective on Swiss companies’ connections across territorial scales
Authors: Strebel Michael Andrea , Mach André 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCorporate interlocking at the national and transnational scale has received substantive scholarly attention. Less is known about companies’ ties to the cities and regions in which they have their seats. In this paper, we conduct a long‐term analysis of the multilevel ties that companies maintain with the local and the national context they are embedded in. To do so, we adopt a positional approach and identify the directors of the major companies in the three largest Swiss cities (Basel, Geneva, and Zurich) and study company directors’ ties to local and national organizations in seven benchmark years between 1890 and 2020. Our analysis documents the rise and fall of company directors’ ties to national organizations over the course of the 20th century, and it highlights the continued persistence of companies’ ties to the local level and their region until the new millennium, when companies’ ties with national and local organizations vanish, coinciding with the transnationalization of company boards.
Treatment of multiple sclerosis–related trigeminal neuralgia with onabotulinumtoxinA
Authors: Asan Furkan , Gündüz Ayşegül , Tütüncü Melih , Uygunoğlu Uğur , Savrun Feray Karaali , Saip Sabahattin , Siva Aksel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe effectiveness of onabotulinumtoxinA (BTX‐A) has been established in primary trigeminal neuralgia (TN). However, to the best of our knowledge, the efficacy of BTX‐A in secondary TN has not yet been studied.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the efficacy of BTX‐A treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis–related trigeminal neuralgia (TN‐MS) and compare the efficacy of BTX‐A treatment between patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia (TN‐P) and patients with TN‐MS.MethodsThis was a retrospective medical record–review study. Demographic and clinical features and severity and frequency of pain before and 2 weeks after the BTX‐A administration were extracted from the patient files. BTX‐A was injected into the painful area subcutaneously and/or submucosally. BTX‐A injections were performed by the same physician using the same methods. A reduction in severity and/or frequency of pain ≥50% was considered therapeutic efficacy.ResultsFifty‐three patients were included in this study. We classified 22 (42%) as TN‐P and 31 (58%) as TN‐MS. Treatment with BTX‐A was effective in 16 of 31 (52%) patients with TN‐MS and 10 of 22 (45%) with TN‐P. BTX‐A treatment was less effective in patients with a history of interventional treatments and more effective in patients with concomitant continuous pain (p = 0.007; odds ratio [OR]: 0.020–0.53 and p = 0.047; OR: 0.046–0.98, respectively).ConclusionThe BTX‐A treatment was found to be effective in at least half of our cohort with TN‐MS. Concomitant continuous pain and history of interventional treatments to the trigeminal nerve or ganglion might be predictive factors for the efficacy of BTX‐A treatment.
Evaluation of different parameters of zinc oxide nanoparticles on bionanocomposite film properties: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Aji Afifah Iswara , Suyatma Nugraha Edhi , Arpah Muhammad , Jayanegara Anuraga 
Published: November 2022

SummaryStudies on biopolymer‐based films incorporating ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO‐NPs) have been widely developed. However, results vary between studies, with some studies showing positive outcomes that may improve film properties and others showing opposite results. Moreover, the differences in the parameters of ZnO‐NPs, such as shape, size, concentration level and synthesis method, can affect the properties of bionanocomposite films. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of different parameters of ZnO‐NPs on the characteristics of bionanocomposite films through a meta‐analysis. A database was developed from forty seven articles for the film characteristics such as water vapour permeability, tensile strength and elongation. The results showed that adding ZnO‐NPs improved all the observed film characteristics significantly (P < 0.05) by using 1–100 nm ZnO synthesised commercially, physically or chemically with the rod morphology and the concentration level <8.4%. This study reveals that using ZnO‐NPs with the appropriate parameters can produce the best film properties to extend the shelf life of food products.
Evaluation of taste and aroma compounds in oven‐roasted broccoli floret and stem as affected by different times using electronic tongue and electronic nose
Authors: Hong Seong Jun , Jeong Hyangyeon , Yoon Sojeong , Jo Seong Min , Lee Youngseung , Park Sung‐Soo , Shin Eui‐Cheol 
Published: November 2022

SummaryRoasting processing was commonly applied to enhance flavour characteristics, and thus this study was to investigate the taste and aroma compounds between broccoli floret and stem during oven‐roasting processes. In electronic tongue analysis, sourness, saltiness, umami, and sweetness in florets showed an increasing tendency during the roasting, however, decreasing bitterness. Besides, In electronic nose analysis, methanethiol was reduced after the roasting processes and other sulfur compounds were generated in oven‐roasted florets and stems. Furthermore, furans were generated after the roasting. Pyridine and pyrazines were only identified in oven‐roasted florets, however, pyrrole was only identified in oven‐roasted stems. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were conducted based on combined taste and aroma profiles. Broccoli floret roasted at 15 min was affected by numerous variables compared with the others, and broccoli stems roasted at 15 and 20 min were affected by numerous variables. Additionally, the floret roasted at 15 min was the highest dissimilarity amongst all florets, and the stems roasted at 15 and 20 min were the highest dissimilarity amongst all stems. Accordingly, oven‐roasting induced higher changes in taste and aroma characteristics with increasing times. In addition, this research may provide a basis for enhancing the flavour characteristics of broccoli.
Using learning analytics to investigate learning processes and behavioural patterns in an augmented reality language learning environment
Authors: Geng Xuewang , Yamada Masanori 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAugmented reality has been widely applied in various fields, and its benefits in language learning have been increasingly recognized. However, the investigation of effective learning behaviours and processes in augmented reality learning environments, taking into account temporality and analysis of differences in learning behaviours between learning achievements from the perspective of learning strategies, is still a topic that requires further research.ObjectivesThe goal of this research is to explore effective learning processes in AR language learning environments and learning behavioural patterns of learners with different performance levels via LA taking into account temporality.MethodsWe used the learning application designed and developed in previous studies to understand the learning process and behavioural patterns of acquiring Japanese compound verbs with augmented reality. Lag sequential analyses were conducted to analyse the learning behavioural transitions using learning data. Additionally, frequent sequences were analysed using frequent sequence mining to compare the learning behavioural patterns of learners with different learning performances.Results and ConclusionsWe investigated the learning process and behavioural patterns and discussed the language learning strategies employed in the augmented reality learning environment. The results indicated that learners primarily performed strategies of performed expressions, recombining, and structured reviewing in AR compound verb learning activities. Furthermore, the results revealed the different types of strategies applied by different learning performance learners, whereby the low group learners used the least variety of strategies, and the middle and high group learners employed repeating and deductive reasoning strategies that were not followed by the low group.
Calreticulin in renal fibrosis: A short review
Authors: Politis Panagiotis K. , Charonis Aristidis S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFibrosis is a common denominator of several pathological conditions. Over the last decade, Calreticulin has emerged as a critical player in the fibrotic processes in many tissues and organs. Here we review the recent advances in our understanding of the regulatory roles of Calreticulin in renal fibrosis. In particular, a proteomic screen that we performed more than 15 years ago, for the identification of novel components involved in the mechanisms of renal fibrosis, led to the observation that Calreticulin is associated with the initiation and progression of kidney fibrosis in a rodent model. We also showed that altered expression levels of Calreticulin in vitro and in vivo are significantly affecting the fibrotic phenotype in cellular systems and animal models, respectively. We also identified an upstream regulatory mechanism that mediates the transcriptional control of Calreticulin expression during the progression of renal fibrosis, by showing that the druggable orphan nuclear receptor NR5A2 and its SUMOylation is involved in this action. These data provide novel targets for future pharmacological interventions against fibrosis. In addition, further proteomic analysis uncovered a correlation between the up‐regulation of Calreticulin and that of 14‐3‐3σ protein. Collectively, our previous observations suggest that Calreticulin is a central node in a regulatory axis that controls the initiation and progression of renal fibrosis.
Transcriptome analysis of the muscle of fast‐ and slow‐growing phoenix barb (Spinibarbus denticulatus denticulatus)
Authors: Xie Xi , Liao Xianping , Xu Zhengsheng , Liang Wenlang , Su Yilin , Lin Li , Xie Jungang , Lin Weiqiang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGrowth rate is a commercial trait in aquaculture that is influenced by multiple factors, among which genetic composition plays a fundamental role in the growth rate of species. The phoenix barb (Spinibarbus denticulatus denticulatus) is a widely distributed freshwater fish species in South China. Although S. d. denticulatus is reared in South China, the molecular mechanisms underlying the growth rate of the species remain unclear. Here, the authors performed transcriptome analysis of muscle tissues from fast‐growing (FG) and slow‐growing (SG) S. d. denticulatus at 90, 150, and 300 days after hatch (DAH) to elucidate its growth mechanism. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two groups were enriched in pathways related to muscle growth, glycolysis, and energy and lipid metabolism. Nonetheless, a higher number of DEGs were identified in the FG vs. SG groups at 90 and 300 DAH compared with 150 DAH. DEGs identified at 90 DAH were mainly enriched in the GH/IGF axis, PI3K‐Akt signalling pathway, AMPK signalling pathway and lipid metabolism highly expressed in FG individuals. DEGs identified at 300 DAH were mainly enriched in PI3K‐Akt signalling pathway, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, gene translation and lipid metabolism. In addition, some genes were expressed during the early growth stage in FG individuals but expressed during the late stage in SG individuals, indicating considerable variations in the expression profiles of growth‐related genes at different developmental stages. Overall, these findings contribute to the understanding of the growth mechanism of S. d. denticulatus, which would be useful for the propagation of fast‐growing breeds.
Unique profile of academic learning difficulties in Wiedemann–Steiner syndrome
Authors: Ng R. , Bjornsson H. T. , Fahrner J. A. , Harris J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundWiedemann–Steiner syndrome (WSS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by heterozygous variants in KMT2A. To date, the cognitive profile associated with WSS remains largely unknown, although emergent case series implicate increased risk of non‐verbal reasoning and visual processing deficits. This study examines the academic and learning concerns associated with WSS based on a parent‐report screening measure.Participants and MethodsA total of 25 parents of children/adults with a molecularly‐confirmed diagnosis of WSS (mean age = 12.85 years, SD = 7.82) completed the Colorado Learning Difficulties Questionnaire (CLDQ), a parent‐screening measure of learning and academic difficulties. Parent ratings were compared to those from a normative community sample to determine focal areas in Math, Reading and Spatial skills that may be weaker within this clinical population.ResultsOn average, parent ratings on the Math (mean Z = ‐3.08, SD = 0.87) and Spatial scales (mean Z = ‐2.52, SD = 0.85) were significantly more elevated than that of Reading (mean Z = ‐1.31, SD = 1.46) (Wilcoxon sign rank test Z < −3.83, P < 0.001), reflecting relatively more challenges observed in these areas. Distribution of parent ratings in Math items largely reflect a positively skewed distribution with most endorsing over three standard deviations below a community sample. In contrast, distributions of parent ratings in Reading and Spatial domains were more symmetric but flat. Ratings for Reading items yielded much larger variance than the other two domains, reflecting a wider range of performance variability.ConclusionsParent ratings on the CLDQ suggest more difficulties with Math and Spatial skills among those with WSS within group and relative to a community sample. Study results are consistent with recent case reports on the neuropsychological profile associated with WSS and with Kabuki syndrome, which is caused by variants in the related gene KMT2D. Findings lend support for overlapping cognitive patterns across syndromes, implicating potential common disease pathogenesis.
Determinants of the influence and experiences of cosmetic and aesthetics profiling on interpersonal relationships among Indian patients
Authors: Shome Debraj , Kumar Vaibhav , Van Der Hulst René R. W. J. , Booi Darren I. , Tandel Harshal , Male Shiva Ram , Kapoor Rinky 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe notion of facial beauty is a fast‐expanding field in many different disciplines. The determinants and the nature of inter‐personal relationships remain a controversial issue. Here, we tackle such questions proposing a novel experimental approach by analyzing first‐hand experiences and quality of life among Indian patients, who underwent cosmetic procedures and the subsequent impact of these aesthetic treatments on interpersonal relationships.MethodsThe data collection tool consisted of questions pertaining to the relations between the human face and facial image, relations between the race and facial image and interpersonal relationships and facial image. The tool consisted of 27 questions that were descriptive and closed ended without alternate choices.ResultsThe study gauged the perception of an ideal facial image among both genders also highlighting the multifaceted nature of a persons' beauty and how its perception is affected by peers, society, and race.ConclusionThough there was a gender‐based difference found in the opinions on facial image, majority of the people experienced an ameliorated experience in their relationships with family and peers.