bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Neuroimaging Data Model Linear Regression Tool (nidm_linreg): PyNIDM Project
Authors: Kumar Ashmita , Crowley Albert , Queder Nazek , Poline JB , Ghosh Satrajit S. , Kennedy David , Grethe Jeffrey S. , Helmer Karl G. , Keator David B. 
Published: July 2022

The Neuroimaging Data Model (NIDM) is a series of specifications for describing all aspects of the neuroimaging data lifecycle from raw data to analyses and provenance. NIDM uses community-driven terminologies along with unambiguous data dictionaries within a Resource Description Framework (RDF) document to describe data and metadata for integration and query. Data from different studies, using locally defined variable names, can be retrieved by linking them to higher-order concepts from established ontologies and terminologies. Through these capabilities, NIDM documents are expected to improve reproducibility and facilitate data discovery and reuse. PyNIDM is a Python toolbox supporting the creation, manipulation, and querying of NIDM documents. Using the query tools available in PyNIDM, users are able interrogate datasets to find studies that have collected variables measuring similar phenotypic properties. This, in turn, facilitates the transformation and combination of data across multiple studies. The focus of this manuscript is the linear regression tool which is a part of the PyNIDM toolbox and works directly on NIDM documents. It provides a high-level statistical analysis that aids researchers in gaining more insight into the data that they are considering combining across studies. This saves researchers valuable time and effort while showing potential relationships between variables. The linear regression tool operates through a command-line interface integrated with the other tools (pynidm linear-regression) and provides the user with the opportunity to specify variables of interest using the rich query techniques available for NIDM documents and then conduct a linear regression with optional contrast and regularization.
Prevalence of Fabry disease in Iraq
Authors: Younus Naji Al Atbee Mohammed , Allawi Ali Abdulmajid Dyab , Almukhtar Safa E. , Ibrahim Rasheed Jawad , Hammoudi Faten Abdulghani , Sami Tuama Hala , Esam Mohammed Al Baldawi Mohammed , Al Farhan Hasan , Ali Ala Sh. 
Published: July 2022

Background: Fabry disease occurs due to mutations in the α-galactosidase A (GLA) gene present in the X-chromosome, which results in α-galactosidase A (α-GAL A) enzyme deficiency, leading to the intracellular accumulation of glycosphingolipids like globotriaosylceramide (Gb3). It involves multiorgan dysfunction, particularly affecting kidneys, heart, and central and peripheral nervous system. We intended to evaluate the prevalence of Fabry disease in various regions of Iraq along with the clinical manifestations. Methods: This cross-sectional multi-center study was conducted in Iraq with 1148 patients with variable presentations from January 2018 to June 2022. The demography, patient medical and family history were recorded. Routine clinical investigations were performed along with some specific assessments. Lysosomal α-GAL A enzyme activity was determined using the dried blood spot test followed by tandem mass spectrometry, where values between 200–2000 pmol/spot*20 h were considered normal. Any patient with α-GAL A activity <100 pmol/spot*20h was sent for genetic testing for confirmation of the diagnosis. Statistical analysis of data involved Pearson’s chi-squared test. Results: In total, 17 patients had Fabry disease, with a 16:1 male:female ratio. The disorder was predominant in the 10–30-year age group. Renal dysfunction was the dominant clinical manifestation (82.3%), followed by peripheral neuropathy (35.3%), angiokeratoma (29.4%), corneal verticillate (23.5%), and left ventricular hypertrophy (17.6%). The prevalence of Fabry disease was highest in north Iraq, followed by middle and south regions. Conclusions: A prompt and timely diagnosis of Fabry disease is the cornerstone for preventing complications, especially renal and cardiac involvement.
Effects of vaccination against COVID-19 on the emotional health of older adults
Authors: Alarcon-Ruiz Christoper A. , Romero-Albino Zoila , Soto-Becerra Percy , Huarcaya-Victoria Jeff , Runzer-Colmenares Fernando M. , Romani-Huacani Elisa , Villarreal-Zegarra David , Maguiña Jorge L. , Apolaya-Segura Moises , Cuba-Fuentes Sofía 
Published: July 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the mental and emotional health of the elderly, especially those from low to middle-income countries. However, COVID-19 vaccination may reduce this influence. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the effect of vaccination against COVID-19 on the emotional health of older adults. Methods: We selected a national, random, and stratified sample of non-hospitalized adults aged 60 to 79 years from Peru who intended to receive or had already received the COVID-19 vaccine during recruitment. During June and July 2021, the assessed outcomes were the fear, anxiety, and worry about COVID-19, general anxiety, and depression at baseline and after a month. We estimated the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for each altered emotional health outcomes in those who had one and two doses, compared with those who were not vaccinated using multilevel logistic regression with mixed effects. Results: We recruited 861 older adults with 20.8% of loss to follow-up. At baseline, 43.9% had received only one dose of the vaccine, and 49.1% had two doses. In the analysis during follow-up, those who had two doses had less fear (aOR: 0.19; CI 95%: 0.07 to 0.51) and anxiety to COVID-19 (aOR: 0.45; CI 95%: 0.22 to 0.89), compared to unvaccinated. We observed no effects in those with only one dose. Conclusions: Two doses of COVID-19 vaccination in older adults improves their perception of COVID-19 infection consequences. This information could be integrated into the vaccination campaign as an additional beneficial effect.
Effect of Aloe vera extract in post-burn skin repair in rats
Authors: Aulia Lusiana , Pane Yunita Sari 
Published: July 2022

Background: Burn injury is a global health problem that is most often caused by heat. A burn injury can cause high morbidity and mortality and requires high cost. Therefore, the use of plants as an herbal medicine has the potential to be developed in Indonesia. Aloe vera contains various active ingredients that help the wound healing process, such as glucomannan and acemannan which have the effects on the proliferation of macrophages, fibroblasts, and re-epithelialization. This study aimed to determine the effect of Aloe vera extract in repairing post-burn skin in rats that were analyzed from the number of macrophages, fibroblasts, and epidermal thickness. Methods: This is an experimental study with a posttest-only control group design using 54 Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain rats. The sampling method was simple random sampling consisting of 3 groups, i.e., I. standard group, which were normal rats; II. negative control group, which were given second-degree burns and treated with gel base (without Aloe vera extract); III. treatment groups, which were given second-degree burns and treated with Aloe vera extract gel. Each group was subdivided into three smaller groups (n = 6) according to the time the lesions were evaluated. Skin tissue samplings were carried out on days 3, 14, and 21 after injury to observe the number of macrophages, fibroblasts, and epidermal thickness. Results: There were significant differences in the mean number of macrophages, number of fibroblasts, and epidermal thickness in all groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Aloe vera extract could accelerate the healing process of burns in rats.
Artificial intelligence to improve antimicrobial prescribing: A protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Amin Doaa , Garzón-Orjuela Nathaly , Garcia Pereira Agustin , Parveen Sana , Vornhagen Heike , Vellinga Akke 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: The inappropriate use of antimicrobials is a threat to their effectiveness and often results in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and difficult to treat infections. Different methods have been implemented to control AMR, and in recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has been used to improve antimicrobial prescribing. However, there is insufficient information about the contribution of AI in improving antimicrobial prescribing. This systematic review aims to determine whether the use of AI can improve antimicrobial prescribing for human patients. Methods: Observational studies that examine the potential or actual use of AI in improving antimicrobial prescribing cited in IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, OVID, EMBASE and ACM will be included in this systematic review. There will be no restriction on language, nor the setting (i.e.: primary care or hospital) nor the time when the studies included were conducted. The primary outcome of this systematic review is the relative reduction in prescribed antimicrobials, while the secondary outcome is the relative reduction in patients’ consultations, whether for infection recurrence or worsening of symptoms. Data will be meta-analyzed with a Random Effects Model. The I2 statistic for heterogeneity will be calculated and the Newcastle Ottawa Scale Tool will be used to assess risk of bias. Dissemination: The results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication and scientific sessions. PROSPERO Registration: This protocol has been registered in PROSPERO online database (CRD42022329049; 14 May 2022).
When Do Security Markets Aggregate Dispersed Information?
Authors: Corgnet Brice , Deck Cary , DeSantis Mark , Hampton Kyle , Kimbrough Erik O. 
Published: July 2022

We attempt to replicate a seminal paper that offered support for the rational expectations hypothesis and reported evidence that markets with certain features aggregate dispersed information. The original results are based on only a few observations, and our attempt to replicate the key findings with an appropriately powered experiment largely fails. The resulting poststudy probability that market performance is better described by rational expectations than the prior information (Walrasian) model under the conditions specified in the original paper is very low. As a result of our failure to replicate, we investigate an alternate set of market features that combines aspects of the original experimental design. For these markets, which include both contingent claims and homogeneous dividend payments (as in many prediction markets), we do find robust evidence of information aggregation in support of the rational expectations model. In total, our results indicate that information aggregation in asset markets is fragile and should only be expected in limited circumstances.This paper was accepted by Bruno Biais, finance.Supplemental Material: The data and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4463 .
Differential rater function over time (DRIFT) during student simulations
Authors: Diebel Sebastian , Boissonneault Eve , Perreault Luc , Lapierre René 
Published: July 2022

Background: The field of paramedicine continues to advance in scope. Simulation training is frequently used to teach and evaluate students. Simulation examinations are often evaluated using a standardised global rating scale (GRS) that is reliable and valid. However, differential rater function over time (DRIFT) has not been evaluated when using the GRS during simulations. Aims: This study aimed to assess if DRIFT arises when applying the GRS. Methods: Data were collected at six simulation evaluations. Raters were randomly assigned to evaluate several students at the same station. Each station lasted 12 minutes and there was a total of 11 stations. A model to test DRIFT scores was created and was tested against both a leniency and perceptual model. Findings: Of the models explored, one that included students, the rater, and the dimensions had the greatest evidence (−3151 Bayes factors). This model was then tested against leniency (K=−9.1 dHart) and perceptual models (K=−7.1 dHart). This suggests a substantial finding against DRIFT; however, the tested models used a wide parameter so the possibility of a minor effect is not fully excluded. Conclusion: DRIFT was not found; however, further studies with multiple centres and longer evaluations should be conducted.
Pancreatoduodenectomy for suspected malignancy: nonmalignant histology confers increased risk of serious morbidity
Authors: Mavroeidis VK , Russell TB , Clark J , Adebayo D , Bowles M , Briggs C , Denson J , Aroori S 
Published: July 2022

Background/Aims A tissue diagnosis is not always obtained prior to pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) and a proportion of patients are found to have noncancerous histology postoperatively. It is unknown if these patients have different outcomes when compared with those who have malignancy confirmed. Methods A retrospective paired case matched control study was undertaken. Patients who underwent PD for suspected malignancy but ultimately had nonmalignant histology were identified. Each was matched to a confirmed malignant control using the following criteria: age, gender, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, neoadjuvant treatment, preoperative serum bilirubin, preoperative biliary stenting and type of pancreatic anastomosis. Matching was blinded to the measured outcomes, which included perioperative morbidity and mortality. Results Forty-five cases were compared with 45 well-matched controls. There was no difference in 30- or 90-day mortality, or length of stay. While overall morbidity rates were the same, patients with nonmalignant disease were more likely to experience major (Clavien–Dindo grade III–IV) morbidity (40.0% versus 17.8%, p = 0.0352). Independently, rates of clinically relevant pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF) were higher in the nonmalignant group (22.2% versus 4.44%, p = 0.0131). Conclusions In our study, PD patients with nonmalignant histology had significantly higher incidence of major morbidity and CR-POPF when compared with those who had malignancy confirmed. This should be considered when planning the management of patients with known or presumed benign/premalignant disease.
Spinal infections in the north-east of Scotland: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Veljanoski D , Tonna I , Barlas R , Abdel-Fattah AR , Almoosawy SA , Bhatt P 
Published: July 2022

Introduction Spinal infection (SI) is uncommon and patients present with varied clinical features. In this review, the presentation, investigation, treatment and outcome of patients with SI in the north-east of Scotland were assessed. Methods Electronic medical records of adult patients with SI hospitalised at a health board in the north-east of Scotland between 2014 and 2018 were analysed retrospectively. Collected variables included demographics, presenting clinical features, risk factors, comorbidities, admission blood results, microbiological investigations, imaging, treatment and outcomes. Results Seventy-two patients were included. Mean age (±sd) was 63.3 years (±14.5). The lumbar spine was the most commonly involved region (51.4%). Back pain (84.7%), altered mobility (33.3%) and fever (29.2%) were the most frequent presenting features. Thoracic spine involvement (p = 0.041), urinary symptoms (p = 0.033), cauda equina syndrome (CES) (p = 0.027) and limb weakness (p = 0.026) were associated with poorer outcome. A better outcome was associated with back pain at presentation (p = 0.03) and underlying malignancy (p = 0.045). Diabetes (15.3%), recent falls (15.3%) and immunosuppression (12.5%) were common. A likely causative organism was found in 54 patients (75.0%) and Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 41.7% of patients. Penicillins were used in 56.3% of patients and 20.8% underwent surgery. Outcomes were full recovery (38.2%), residual symptoms or neurological deficits (50.0%), paraplegia (4.4%) and death (7.4%). Conclusions Poorer outcomes occurred in patients with thoracic disease, limb weakness, urinary symptoms or CES, whereas better outcomes were associated with the presence of back pain on presentation and malignancy. This analysis highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of SI, alerting clinicians to key factors associated with prognosis.
Experimental study on the aero-optical effects of a supersonic mixing
layer controlled by the ramp vortex generator array
Authors: Xia Zihao , Ding Haolin , Xu Xiwang , Yi Shihe 
Published: July 2022

As the main
structure that induces
aero-optical effects, the supersonic mixing layer is an essential
structure in hypersonic flight vehicles with optical windows. The
aero-optical effects of a

M
c
=

0.17

supersonic mixing layer controlled by
the ramp vortex generator array (RVGA) were investigated in detail
using the nano-tracer-based planar laser scattering technique and ray
tracing method. The incident locations and angles of the beam, and the
mounting position of the RVGA, act as variables. In different cases,
the optical path difference (OPD), Strehl ratio (SR), imaging
displacement (ID), and bore sight error (BSE) are taken as evaluation
parameters. Surprisingly, the length of the laminar section of the
supersonic mixing layer varies little when the RVGA is applied. To
reduce the aero-optical effects under our experimental conditions, the
best incident angle is between 90º and 100º, and the position of the
aperture should be carefully chosen to avoid the region of transition.
A 10.75%–25.22% reduction of the average

O
P
D

r
m
s

and a 15.30%–33.99% reduction of the
standard deviation of the

O
P
D

r
m
s

are achieved when the RVGA is
applied, as well as an overall improvement of the SR, ID, and BSE. In
our experimental circumstances, the supersonic mixing layer’s
aero-optical effects are suppressed to the full extent if the RVGA is
mounted right at the trailing edge of the splitter.
Performance of HIV rapid testing algorithm in Nigeria: Findings from a household-based Nigeria HIV/AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey (NAIIS)
Authors: Patel Hetal K. , Ikpe Sunday , Bronson Megan , Birhanu Sehin , Abimiku Alash’le , Jahun Ibrahim , Detorio Mervi , Lupoli Kathryn , Yavo Daniel , Bassey Orji O. , Jelpe Tapdiyel D. , Kagurusi Brian , Iriemenam Nnaemeka C. , Patel Divya , Okoye McPaul I. , Dalhatu Ibrahim T. , Ohakanu Stephen , Voetsch Andrew C. , Aliyu Sani , Ashefor Gregory , Gambo Aliyu , Ikwulono Gabriel O. , Nzelu Charles , Adewole Isaac F. , Swaminathan Mahesh , Parekh Bharat 
Published: July 2022

Background
The Nigeria AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey (NAIIS), a cross-sectional household survey, was conducted in 2018 with primary objectives to estimate HIV prevalence, HIV-1 incidence, and status of UNAIDS 90-90-90 cascade. We conducted retrospective analysis of the performance of HIV rapid tests and the national HIV testing algorithm used in Nigeria.

Methods
The national algorithm included Determine HIV-1/2 as test 1 (T1), Unigold HIV-1/2 as test 2 (T2), and StatPak HIV-1/2 as the tie-breaker test (T3). Individuals reactive with T1 and either T2 or T3 were considered HIV-positive. HIV-positive specimens from the algorithm were further confirmed for the survey using supplemental test Geenius HIV-1/2. If Geenius did not confirm HIV-positive status, HIV-1 Western blot was performed. We calculated the concordance between tests and positive predictive value (PPV) of the algorithm on unweighted data.

Results
Of 204,930 participants (ages ≥18 months) 5,103 (2.5%) were reactive on T1. Serial testing of T1 reactive specimens with T2 or if needed by tiebreaker T3 identified 2958 (1.44%) persons as HIV-positive. Supplemental testing confirmed 2,800 (95%) as HIV-positive (HIV-1 = 2,767 [98.8%]; HIV-2 = 5 [0.2%]; dual infections = 22 [0.8%]). Concordance between T1 and T2 was 56.6% while PPV of the national algorithm was 94.5%.

Conclusions
Our results show high discordant rates and poor PPV of the national algorithm with a false-positive rate of about 5.5% in the NAIIS survey. Considering our findings have major implications for HIV diagnosis in routine HIV testing services, additional evaluation of testing algorithm is warranted in Nigeria.
Reporting of mycetoma cases from skin and soft tissue biopsies over a period of ten years: A single center report and literature review from Pakistan
Authors: Zeeshan Mohammad , Fatima Saira , Farooqi Joveria , Jabeen Kauser , Ahmed Arsalan , Haq Afreen , Arif Muhammad Omer , Zafar Afia 
Published: July 2022

Background
Mycetoma is an important neglected tropical disease associated with debilitation, disfigurement and death if not diagnosed and treated adequately. In Pakistan, mycetoma cases have frequently been diagnosed in histopathology and microbiology laboratories. However, there is scarcity of published data from this country. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the frequency and type of mycetoma reported in skin and soft tissue biopsies from a single center over 10 years and review of published literature from Pakistan.

Method
This descriptive observational retrospective study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital laboratory, Karachi, Pakistan. Laboratory data from 2009–2018 of skin and soft tissue biopsies with positive findings of mycetoma were retrieved from hospital information system. The variables for statistical analysis were age and gender of patient, anatomical site of lesion, residence of patient (geographical location) in the country, etiologic agents of mycetoma and significant gross and microscopic histopathological findings. The data was entered, and descriptive epidemiologic assessment was carried out using MS excel 2013. Geographical information system was used for mapping the location. Literature review of mycetoma cases reported from Pakistan was done on PubMed, Google search and PakMediNet from 1980 till April 2019.

Result
During ten years of study period, 89 skin and soft tissue biopsies were reported as mycetoma, majority were eumycetoma [n = 66/89 (74%)] followed by actinomycetoma [n = 23/89 (26%)]. Involvement of lower limb was predominantly observed [n = 74/89 (83%)] in which foot had significant contribution [n = 65/74 (88%)]. Only 18 specimens were submitted for microbiological assessment and six grew agents of mycetoma, with Madurella mycetomatis reported in only three. Well-formed granuloma formation was observed in only 26%[n = 23/89] of cases. Specific geographical location was not identified, and cases were reported from across the country. From Pakistan, only two original papers and 7 case reports were available in published literature.

Conclusion
This single center study reports a handful of cases of mycetoma from Pakistan. We conclude that the index of suspicion should remain high among treating surgeons and physicians and clinical laboratories should improve their diagnostic capacity and skills. This will have a great impact on disease outcome and patient’s life.