bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The stability of oncologic MRI radiomic features and the potential role of deep learning: a review
Authors: Scalco Elisa , Rizzo Giovanna , Mastropietro Alfonso 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The use of MRI radiomic models for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment response prediction of tumors has been increasingly reported in literature. However, its widespread adoption in clinics is hampered by issues related to features stability. In the MRI radiomic workflow, the main factors that affect radiomic features computation can be found in the image acquisition and reconstruction phase, in the image pre-processing steps, and in the segmentation of the region of interest on which radiomic indices are extracted. Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), having shown their potentiality in the medical image processing and analysis field, can be seen as an attractive strategy to partially overcome the issues related to radiomic stability and mitigate their impact. In fact, DNN approaches can be prospectively integrated in the MRI radiomic workflow to improve image quality, obtain accurate and reproducible segmentations and generate standardized images. In this review, DNN methods that can be included in the image processing steps of the radiomic workflow are described and discussed, in the light of a detailed analysis of the literature in the context of MRI radiomic reliability.
A new tool for modelling lattices of organic polaritons
Authors: Sturges Thomas J , Stobińska Magdalena 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Microcavity-polaritons in lattice geometries have been used to study a wide range of interesting physics. Meanwhile, organic materials have shown great promise on the road towards polaritonic devices, as the strong binding energy of their Frenkel excitons permits room temperature condensation and lasing. Whilst there are theoretical treatments of the condensation processes in planar organic microcavities, models of lattice geometries are lacking. Here, we introduce a model for describing the dynamics of lattices of zero-dimensional organic microcavities, where the dominant condensation mechanism involves the emission of a vibrational phonon. We also provide an open source software module that can be easily modified for any lattice geometry or dimension. The vibronic transition provides a tool for targeted condensation in a particular eigenmode of the system, which we highlight by examining a dimer and a dimerised chain. For the dimer, we observe a double resonance in the condensation efficiency that arises from tuning the condensate-reservoir detuning into resonance with either the symmetric or antisymmetric mode. This mechanism was also exploited in the dimerised chain, to selectively condense the system in to either the bulk states or the topological edge states, under homogeneous pumping of all cavities. We also showed an interesting signature of chiral transport when pumping a single cavity in the chain, where the direction of propagation depends on the sublattice being pumped.
Less is more: a new machine-learning methodology for spatiotemporal systems
Authors: Feng Sihan , Wang Kang , Wang Fuming , Zhang Yong , Zhao Hong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Machine learning provides a way to use only portions of the variables of a spatiotemporal system to predict its subsequent evolution and consequently avoids the curse of dimensionality. The learning machines employed for this purpose, in essence, are time-delayed recurrent neural networks with multiple input neurons and multiple output neurons. We show in this paper that such kinds of learning machines have a poor generalization ability to variables that have not been trained with. We then present a one-dimensional time-delayed recurrent neural network for the same aim of model-free prediction. It can be trained on different spatial variables in the training stage but initiated by the time series of only one spatial variable, and consequently possess an excellent generalization ability to new variables that have not been trained on. This network presents a new methodology to achieve fine-grained predictions from a learning machine trained on coarse-grained data, and thus provides a new strategy for certain applications such as weather forecasting. Numerical verifications are performed on the Kuramoto coupled oscillators and the Barrio−Varea−Aragon−Maini model.
Improving the performance of a gaze independent P300-BCI by using the expectancy wave
Authors: Xu Wei , Gao Pin , He Feng , Qi Hongzhi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective. A P300-brain computer interface (P300-BCI) conveys a subject’s intention through recognition of their event-related potentials (ERPs). However, in the case of visual stimuli, its performance depends strongly on eye gaze. When eye movement is impaired, it becomes difficult to focus attention on a target stimulus, and the quality of the ERP declines greatly, thereby affecting recognition efficiency. Approach. In this paper, the expectancy wave (E-wave) is proposed to improve signal quality and thereby improve identification of visual targets under the covert attention. The stimuli of the P300-BCI described here are presented in a fixed sequence, so the subjects can predict the next target stimulus and establish a stable expectancy effect of the target stimulus through training. Features from the E-wave that occurred 0 ∼ 300 ms before a stimulus were added to the post-stimulus ERP components for intention recognition. Main results. Comparisons of ten healthy subjects before and after training demonstrated that the expectancy wave generated before target stimulus could be used with the P300 component to improve character recognition accuracy (CRA) from 85% to 92.4%. In addition, CRA using only the expectancy component can reach 68.2%, which is significantly greater than random probability (16.7%). The results of this study indicate that the expectancy wave can be used to improve recognition efficiency for a gaze-independent P300-BCI, and that training contributes to induction and recognition of the potential. Significance. This study proposes an effective approach to an efficient gaze-independent P300-BCI system.
Non-parametric inference of impurity transport coefficients in the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak
Authors: Nishizawa T. , Dux R. , McDermott R.M. , Sciortino F. , Cavedon M. , Schuster C. , Wolfrum E. , von Toussaint U. , Van Vuuren A.Jansen , Cruz-Zabala D.J. , Cano-Megias P. , Moon C. , the ASDEX Upgrade Team  
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We present a non-parametric inference of impurity transport coefficients by using charge exchange recombination spectroscopy measurements of Ne X, Ne VIII, O VIII, and C VI lines. Due to their close atomic numbers, neon, oxygen and carbon impurity ions are assumed to have the same diffusion coefficient D and convection velocity v. Unlike conventional techniques that modulate or perturb the impurity contents, we employ a quasi-stationary plasma with static impurity profiles. Since the ratio of v to D only describes the equilibrated profile of the sum of all impurity charge states, steady-state measurements can still decouple D and v if different charge states are simultaneously observed. We have formulated a non-parametric analysis framework based on the Bayesian probability theory and conducted transport coefficient measurements for a Type III ELMy H-mode plasma at ASDEX Upgrade. The charge exchange reactions with the background neutrals, which are known to affect the impurity charge state balance, are taken into account by introducing additional free parameters. While D at the pedestal is close to the neoclassical level (

<

1 m s−2), a large diffusion coefficient and a strong outward convection are inferred right inside the pedestal top.
The lpGBT production testing system
Authors: Guettouche N. , Baron S. , Biereigel S. , Hernandez Montesinos D. , Kulis S. , Vicente Leitao P. , Mendez J. , Moreira P. , Porret D. , Wyllie K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Low Power GigaBit Transceiver (lpGBT) is a radiation-tolerant Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) designed to implement versatile high-speed bi-directional serial links in the experiments and environment of the Large Hadron Collider. With 336 programmable registers and 11 configuration pins, this ASIC is highly configurable. The current version of the chip, the lpGBTv1, is now under test. The project will then produce chips to equip the phase-2 experiment upgrades starting in 2025. More than 180000 components will be produced, tested and distributed to the users. The test involves validation of a wide variety of features and will be achieved at three different supply voltages, at −30 °C and at room temperature. Given the number of components and the complexity of the test, one of the biggest challenges was to minimize the execution time while maximizing coverage. This paper presents the new lpGBTv1 production test system, its development stages and some of the challenges which were met during its implementation.
Record-breaking rain falls at Greenland summit controlled by warm moist-air intrusion
Authors: Xu Min , Yang Qinghua , Hu Xiaoming , Liang Kaixin , Vihma Timo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On 14 August 2021, rain fell on the peak of Greenland for the first time on record. The atmospheric circulation and water vapour transport responsible for the rain were investigated. A high-pressure ridge favoured southwesterly advection of warm and moist air, the intrusion of which contributed to the rainfall. At the same time, Summit station observed above-freezing temperatures, which was the third time in a decade, after summers 2012 and 2019. The previous two warm events also included influxes of moisture, but no rainfall. Comparison between them and the 2021 event show different atmospheric pressure fields and water vapour transports. In 2021, the moisture from the southwest ascended the sloping ice sheet, whereas in the prior events moisture was transported from the southeast in smaller amounts. The sufficient supply of warm and moist air was the key factor in the 2021 rain event.
Exploring pathways to deep de-carbonization and the associated environmental impact in China’s ammonia industry
Authors: Zhao Fu , Fan Ying , Zhang Shaohui , Eichhammer Wolfgang , Haendel Michael , Yu Songmin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
China is the largest producer of synthetic ammonia, accounting for one-third of the world’s total production. Ammonia is mainly used to produce fertilizer and is also considered as a potential fuel and new energy carrier for the future. Concomitantly, the ammonia industry is the largest energy consumer and CO2 emitter in China’s chemical industry. In this study, we developed the MESSAGEix-ammonia model with detailed process descriptions to evaluate the energy-saving and emission reduction potential that can be generated by energy efficiency (EE) improvement, as well as the transition path and emission characteristics in the context of deep emission reduction. Results show that the cost-effective EE measures implemented under the EE scenario could reduce fresh water, fuel coal, and electricity consumptions by 7%, 25%, and 16%, as well as reduce CO2, PM2.5, SO2, and NOx emissions by 33%, 24%, 24%, and 24%, respectively, by 2060. Regarding the exploration of the deep de-carbonization path, carbon capture and storage technology (CCS) increases the CO2 reduction potential to 62%, but it requires additional electricity. Meanwhile, electrolysis technology not only saves additional fresh water and fuel coal, but also reduces CO2, PM2.5, SO2, and NOx by 80%, 84%, 86%, and 84%, respectively. Furthermore, the integration of electrolysis technology and CCS can bring 98% carbon emission reduction, which is close to net-zero emission status. With the development of renewable electricity, sufficient, clean, and affordable electricity can be provided for electrolysis devices. Our recommendation to policy makers is that electrolysis of water to produce ammonia using renewable electricity is a feasible deep de-carbonization pathway.
Testis on a chip—a microfluidic three-dimensional culture system for the development of spermatogenesis in-vitro
Authors: AbuMadighem Ali , Shuchat Sholom , Lunenfeld Eitan , Yossifon Gilad , Huleihel Mahmoud 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This research presents a novel testis-on-a-chip (ToC) platform. Testicular cells are enzymatically isolated from the seminiferous tubules of sexually immature mice, seeded in a methylcellulose gel and cultured in a microfluidic chip. The unique design sandwiches the soft methylcellulose between stiffer agar support gels. The cells develop into spheroids continuing to proliferate and differentiate. After seven weeks of culture the cells have over 95% viability. Confocal microscopy of the developed spheroids reveals a structure containing the various stages of spermatogenesis up to and including meiosis II: premeiotic, meiotic and post-meiotic germ cells. The spheroid structure also contains the supporting Sertoli and peritubular cells. The responsiveness of the system to the addition of testosterone and retinoic acid to the culture medium during the experiment was also investigated. As a benchmark, the ToC is compared to a conventional three-dimensional methylcellulose cell culture system in a well plate. Analysis via fluorescence-activated cell sorting shows more haploid cells in the chip as compared to the plates. Immunofluorescence staining after seven weeks of culture shows more differentiated cells in the chip as compared to the well plate. This demonstrates the feasibility of our platform as well as its advantages. This research opens new horizons for the study and realization of spermatogenesis in-vitro. It can also enable the implementation of microfluidic technologies in future therapeutic strategies for pre-pubertal male fertility preservation and adults with maturation arrest. Lastly, it can serve as a platform for drug and toxin testing.
In vitro breast cancer model with patient-specific morphological features for personalized medicine
Authors: Han Jonghyeuk , Jeon Seunggyu , Kim Min Kyeong , Jeong Wonwoo , Yoo James J , Kang Hyun-Wook 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

In vitro cancer models that can simulate patient-specific drug responses for personalized medicine have attracted significant attention. However, the technologies used to produce such models can only recapitulate the morphological heterogeneity of human cancer tissue. Here, we developed a novel 3D technique to bioprint an in vitro breast cancer model with patient-specific morphological features. This model can precisely mimic the cellular microstructures of heterogeneous cancer tissues and produce drug responses similar to those of human cancers. We established a bioprinting process for generating cancer cell aggregates with ductal and solid tissue microstructures that reflected the morphology of breast cancer tissues, and applied it to develop breast cancer models. The genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of the ductal and solid cancer aggregates bioprinted with human breast cancer cells (MCF7, SKBR3, MDA-MB-231) were respectively similar to those of early and advanced cancers. The bioprinted solid cancer cell aggregates showed significantly higher hypoxia (>8 times) and mesenchymal (>2–4 times) marker expressions, invasion activity (>15 times), and drug resistance than the bioprinted ductal aggregates. Co-printing the ductal and solid aggregates produced heterogeneous breast cancer tissue models that recapitulated three different stages of breast cancer tissue morphology. The bioprinted cancer tissue models representing advanced cancer were more and less resistant, respectively, to the anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin and the hypoxia-activated prodrug tirapazamine; these were analogous to the results in human cancer. The present findings showed that cancer cell aggregates can mimic the pathological micromorphology of human breast cancer tissue and they can be bioprinted to produce breast cancer tissue in vitro that can morphologically represent the clinical stage of cancer in individual patients.
Sensitive electrochemical sensor based on gold nanoparticles assembled ferrocene-functionalised graphene oxide modified glassy carbon electrode for simultaneous determination of dopamine and acetaminophen
Authors: Changsan Nirankan , Chairam Sanoe , Jarujamrus Purim , Amatatongchai Maliwan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this article, a novel electron transfer mediator based on the ferrocene-functionalised graphene oxide (Fc-GO) was successfully synthesised by the amide linkage between amino (–NH2) in m-ferrocenylaniline (FcAni) and carboxylic (–COOH) in GO sheet through coupling reagents. This novel electroactive Fc-GO can effectively prevent the ferrocene mediator leaking from the electrode surface. Then, gold nanoparticles assembled ferrocene-functionalised graphene oxide (AuNPs@Fc-GO) was prepared and further confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD). The AuNPs@Fc-GO was modified on the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to construct an electrochemical sensor for sensitively simultaneous determination of dopamine (DA) and acetaminophen (AC). The characteristics toward DA and AC were investigated by the cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) methods. Simultaneous determination of both analytes was accomplished under the optimum condition. The oxidation peak potential of DA and AC was 0.20 and 0.43 V, respectively. The linear current response was obtained in the concentration range of 2–200 μM with the detection limit (S/N = 3) of 0.32 μM for DA and 2–200 μM with the detection limit of 0.21 μM for AC, respectively. Finally, the AuNPs@Fc-GO modified GCE was applied for the determination of DA and AC in human urine samples with satisfactory results. Therefore, the AuNPs@Fc-GO was a novel promising candidate for fabricating an electrochemical sensor for the determination of DA and AC in real biological samples.
On the symplectic type of isomorphisms of the 𝑝-torsion of elliptic curves
Authors: Freitas Nuno , Kraus Alain 
Published: March 2022

Let

p
≥
3

p \geq 3

be a prime. Let

E

/

Q

E/\mathbb {Q}

and

E
′

/

Q

E’/\mathbb {Q}

be elliptic curves with isomorphic

p
p

-torsion modules

E
[
p
]

E[p]

and

E
′

[
p
]

E’[p]

. Assume further that either (i) every

G

Q

G_\mathbb {Q}

-modules isomorphism

ϕ
:
E
[
p
]
→

E
′

[
p
]

\phi : E[p] \to E’[p]

admits a multiple

λ
⋅
ϕ

\lambda \cdot \phi

with

λ
∈

F

p
×

\lambda \in \mathbb {F}_p^\times

preserving the Weil pairing; or (ii) no

G

Q

G_\mathbb {Q}

-isomorphism

ϕ
:
E
[
p
]
→

E
′

[
p
]

\phi : E[p] \to E’[p]

preserves the Weil pairing. This paper considers the problem of deciding if we are in case (i) or (ii).

Our approach is to consider the problem locally at a prime

ℓ
≠
p

\ell \neq p

. Firstly, we determine the primes

ℓ
\ell

for which the local curves

E

/

Q

ℓ

E/\mathbb {Q}_\ell

and

E
′

/

Q

ℓ

E’/\mathbb {Q}_\ell

contain enough information to decide between (i) or (ii). Secondly, we establish a collection of criteria, in terms of the standard invariants associated to minimal Weierstrass models of

E

/

Q

ℓ

E/\mathbb {Q}_\ell

and

E
′

/

Q

ℓ

E’/\mathbb {Q}_\ell

, to decide between (i) and (ii). We show that our results give a complete solution to the problem by local methods away from

p
p

.

We apply our methods to show the non-existence of rational points on certain hyperelliptic curves of the form

y
2

=

x
p

−
ℓ

y^2 = x^p - \ell

and

y
2

=

x
p

−
2
ℓ

y^2 = x^p - 2\ell

where

ℓ
\ell

is a prime; we also give incremental results on the Fermat equation

x
2

+

y
3

=

z
p

x^2 + y^3 = z^p

. As a different application, we discuss variants of a question raised by Mazur concerning the existence of symplectic isomorphisms between the

p
p

-torsion of two non-isogenous elliptic curves defined over

Q

\mathbb {Q}

.
Revisiting the Wald Test in Small Case-Control Studies With a Skewed Covariate
Authors: Gnona Komla M , Stewart William C L 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Wald test is routinely used in case-control studies to test for association between a covariate and disease. However, when the evidence for association is high, the Wald test tends to inflate small P values as a result of the Hauck-Donner effect (HDE). Here, we investigate the HDE in the context of genetic burden, both with and without additional covariates. First, we examine the burden-based P values in the absence of association using whole-exome sequence data from 1000 Genomes Project reference samples (n = 54) and selected preterm infants with neonatal complications (n = 74). Our careful analysis of the burden-based P values shows that the HDE is present and that the cause of the HDE in this setting is likely a natural extension of the well-known cause of the HDE in 2 × 2 contingency tables. Second, in a reanalysis of real data, we find that the permutation test provides increased power over the Wald, Firth, and likelihood ratio tests, which agrees with our intuition since the permutation test is valid for any sample size and since it does not suffer from the HDE. Therefore, we propose a powerful and computationally efficient permutation-based approach for the analysis and reanalysis of small case-control association studies.
Higher Pulse Pressure Is Associated With Increased Risk of Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality: A Korean National Cohort Study
Authors: Lee Jae-woo , Shin Sang-Jun , Kim Joungyoun , Kang Hee-Taik 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

BACKGROUND
This study aimed to investigate the association of pulse pressure (PP) with the cardio-cerebrovascular disease (CCVD) risk and all-cause mortality according to blood pressure level using Korean national cohort data.

METHODS
This study was retrospectively designed and based on the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort. Participants aged 40–69 years at baseline were categorized into normal, elevated, stage 1, and stage 2 groups according to blood pressure. Each group was further classified into 5 groups separated by 10-mm Hg increments in PP. The primary composite outcome was defined as CCVDs and all-cause mortality. Cox proportional hazards regression models were adopted after stepwise adjustment for confounders to investigate the composite outcome.

RESULTS
During the follow-up period (median follow-up period, 12.0 years), the primary composite outcome occurred in 18,444 (15.0%) of 122,783 men and 10,096 (11.4%) of 88,550 women. After complete adjustment for confounders, in the stage 1 hypertensive men, the hazard ratio (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of the 31–40, 41–50, 51–60, and &gt;60 mm Hg PP groups was 1.112 (1.013–1.221), 1.035 (0.942–1.137), 1.009 (0.907–1.123), and 1.324 (1.130–1.551) in comparison with the ≤30 mm Hg PP group. In the stage 2 hypertensive men, the HRs (95% CIs) were 1.069 (0.949–1.204), 1.059 (0.940–1.192), 1.123 (0.999–1.263), and 1.202 (1.061–1.358) compared to the ≤30 mm Hg PP group. However, these associations were not significant in women.

CONCLUSIONS
Hypertensive men with an increased PP have an increased risk of CCVDs and all-cause mortality.