bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do animal personalities promote species coexistence? A test with sympatric boreal rodents
Authors: Morris Douglas W. , Palmer Sommer 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe coexistence of competing species requires density feedbacks that have a larger effect on their own species' population growth than they do on others in the assembly. The feedbacks are often associated with behavioral tradeoffs that enable species to differentially exploit underlying axes of heterogeneity. Conjoining theories of species coexistence with foraging behavior and density‐dependent habitat selection reveals that such tradeoffs impinge on invasion probabilities and equilibrium dynamics emerging from species' differences in habitat use. The resulting habitat separation promotes coexistence by reducing the overall interaction among species. Differential habitat selection depends on the behavioral abilities of organisms to identify and exploit the most profitable habitats and resource patches. One might thus expect that each species will evolve behavioral types distinct from those of other potential competitors. Accordingly, we exposed four coexisting species in four genera of boreal rodents to open‐field tests. We used principal components (PC) to summarize their behaviors along three independent axes corresponding with clines of exploratory, vigilant, and apprehensive personalities. We confirmed that the axes represented repeatable behaviors (personalities) and assessed differences among species with a general linear model (GLM). The GLM revealed highly distinct differences among species, and between pairs of species, on each PC. Even so, it is difficult to infer the adaptive advantages of personality to the habitat segregation that reduces otherwise high interactions among species. Rather, personalities are best interpreted as co‐adaptive behaviors reflecting the complex of morphological, physiological and behavioral attributes that dictate tradeoffs and enable coexistence.
Circulating differentiated and senescent lymphocyte subsets and incident diabetes risk in older adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Authors: Olson Nels C. , Doyle Margaret F. , Buzkova Petra , Huber Sally A. , de Boer Ian H. , Sitlani Colleen M. , Tracy Russell P. , Psaty Bruce M. , Mukamal Kenneth J. , Delaney Joseph A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionCellular senescence is a feature of aging implicated in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus (DM). Whether senescent lymphocytes are associated with the future occurrence of DM is uncertain.MethodsWe used cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from 1860 Cardiovascular Health Study participants (average age 80.2 years) and flow cytometry immunophenotyping to evaluate the longitudinal relationships of naive (CD45RA+), memory (CD45RO+), senescent (CD28−), and T effector memory RA+ (TEMRA) (CD28−CD57+CD45RA+) CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and memory B cells (CD19+CD27+), with the risk of incident DM. In exploratory analyses we evaluated the relationships of 13 additional innate lymphocyte and CD4+ and CD8+ subsets with incident DM risk.ResultsOver a median follow‐up time of 8.9 years, 155 cases of incident DM occurred. In Cox models adjusted for demographic variables (age, sex, race, study site and flow cytometry analytical batch) or diabetes risk factors (demographic variables plus education, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol use, systolic blood pressure, hypertension medication use and physical activity), no significant associations were observed for any CD4+, CD8+ or CD19+ cell phenotypes with incident DM.ConclusionsThese results suggest the frequencies of naive, memory and senescent T cells and memory B cells are not strongly associated with incident DM risk in older adults.
In‐line sample trap columns with diatomite for large‐volume injection in CZE–IM–MS
Authors: Hooijschuur Kevin , Liu Xiufen , Grootendorst Anna , Pieterman Ines , Sastre Toraño Javier 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe analysis of low‐abundant compounds with capillary zone electrophoresis–drift‐tube ion mobility spectrometry–mass spectrometry (CZE–DTIMS–MS) is compromised due to the low injectable sample volumes in CZE and low duty cycle in DTIMS. Fritless packed in‐line trap columns, using solid‐phase extraction sorbent particles, have been used to increase injection volumes in CZE, but these columns are difficult to prepare and exhibit rapidly increasing back pressures. To provide smooth and complete filling of trap columns as well as to ensure higher and sustained flow rates though the columns, blends of cation and anion exchange particles with diatomite were used. The application of diatomite blends ensured the use of trap columns for at least 100 injections, with maximum injection volumes over 10 µl, which corresponds to an enrichment factor of more than 1000 over conventional injections in CZE–MS, enabling the detection of low nM concentrations of N‐glycans with CZE–IMS–MS.
Evaluating vacant middle seats and masks as Coronavirus exposure reduction strategies in aircraft cabins using particle tracer experiments and computational fluid dynamics simulations
Authors: Bennett James S. , Mahmoud Seif , Dietrich Watts , Jones Byron , Hosni Mohammad 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAircraft cabins have high‐performance ventilation systems, yet typically hold many persons in close proximity for long durations. The current study estimated airborne virus exposure and infection reductions when middle seats are vacant compared to full occupancy and when passengers wear surgical masks in aircraft. Tracer particle data reported by U.S. Transportation Command (TRANSCOM) and CFD simulations reported by Boeing were used along with NIOSH data, to build nonlinear regression models with particle exposure and distance from particle source as variables. These models that estimate exposure at given distances from the viral source were applied to evaluate exposure reductions from vacant middle seats. Reductions averaged 54% for the seat row where an infectious passenger is located and 36% for a 24‐row cabin containing one infectious passenger, with middle seats vacant. Analysis of the TRANSCOM data showed that universal masking (surgical masks) reduced exposures by 62% and showed masking and physical distancing provide further reductions when practiced together. For a notional scenario involving 10 infectious passengers, compared with no intervention, masking, distancing, and both would prevent 6.2, 3.8, and 7.6 secondary infections, respectively, using the Wells–Riley equation. These results suggest distancing alone, masking alone, and these practiced together reduce SARS CoV‐2 exposure risk in increasing order of effectiveness, when an infectious passenger is present.
Use of photogrammetry to determine spruce and OSB char bulk density
Authors: Dupal Ondřej , Hasalová Lucie , Šálek Vojtěch , Hejtmánek Petr , Jahoda Milan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper deals with the bulk density determination of char, which is an important input parameter for numerical simulations of pyrolysis. The aim was to develop a time and cost‐effective, non‐destructive, and repeatable method capable to determine the bulk density of highly porous, fragile wood and engineered wood samples of various shapes, namely char of spruce and oriented strand board. Char samples were prepared in a cone calorimeter under various heat flux exposures. Photogrammetry was chosen for this purpose. A detailed photogrammetric measurement procedure consisting of sample preparation, sample measurement and software reconstruction was designed and validated. It was found that the bulk density of char depends on the virgin material and the way char was formed. The spruce and oriented strand board char bulk density value is provided to be used in pyrolysis modeling and compared to literature.
Rhizosphere soil nitrification ability controls nitrogen‐use efficiency in rice growth period
Authors: Zhang Haipeng , Liao Fuxing , Li Wanyi , Li Yunlong , Yang Shuo , Zhang Hongcheng , Yang Yanju , Shan Yuhua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNitrification in the rhizosphere is a crucial process in controlling nitrogen‐use efficiency (NUE) in flooded paddy soils. To understand the relationship between the nitrification ability of the rhizosphere and NUE, pot experiments using 15N tracer technique were conducted to investigate the impacts of the rhizosphere soil net nitrification rate on NUE and denitrification losses at different rice growth stages in two paddy soils, which were sampled from Jurong (JR) and Yancheng (YC) in Jiangsu Province in China. The results showed that the nitrification rate in JR rhizosphere soil was lower than in YC rhizosphere soil at all rice growth stages. The abundance of ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia‐oxidizing archaea (AOA), and pH in YC rhizosphere soils were always higher than in JR rhizosphere soils. Rice yield, biomass, NUE, leaf glutamine synthetase (GS) activity, and nitrate reductase (NR) activity were higher in JR soils with low nitrification rates than in YC soils with high nitrification rates (p < 0.05). In contrast, denitrification loss from JR soil (12.69%–23.41%) was lower than that from YC soil (26.83%–40.98%; p < 0.05) for each rice growth stage. The biomass and NUE decreased significantly as the net nitrification rate, the abundance of AOA and AOB of both the JR and YC rhizosphere soils increased (p < 0.05), and the denitrification loss was enhanced as the rhizosphere nitrification rate increased in the JR and YC soils (p < 0.05) during the rice growth period. The rhizosphere‐dominant AOB community Nitrosospira is the key factor affecting the nitrification rate and then decreasing rice NUE. In general, the rhizosphere nitrification rate in paddy soils is a primary factor controlling the rice NUE and denitrification loss.
Novel porous electrode designs for reversible solid oxide hydrogen planar cell through multi‐physics modeling
Authors: Zhou Zhu , Xing Lei , Venkatesan Vijay , Xu Haoran , Chen Wenhua , Xuan Jin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA comprehensive multiphysics 3D model of an anode‐supported planar reversible solid oxide cell (rSOC) with a half‐channel‐unit‐cell geometry is created and validated. The physical phenomena that are modeled include reversible electrochemistry/charge transport, coupled with momentum/mass/heat transport. Several electrode microstructures comprising the homogeneous and functionally graded porosity distributions are applied to the validated model, to evaluate and compare the current‐voltage (j‐V) performance in both fuel cell mode and electrolysis mode. The results indicate that increasing the porosity in a homogeneous porous electrode does not always promote the cell's j‐V performance. An optimal porosity emerges where the effect of porosity on the mass transport is maximized, which ranges between 0.5 and 0.7 in the working conditions of the present study. Compared with homogeneous porous electrodes, the heterogeneous porous electrode design with a functionally graded porosity distribution is found to be a potential option to better the overall j‐V performance of the rSOC. Furthermore, it is discovered that theoretically grading the porosity in the width direction (i.e., increasing porosity from the center of each gas channel to the center of each adjacent rib) brings an outsize benefit on the cell's performance, compared to the traditional way of improving the porosity along the cell thickness direction.
Geochemistry of meta‐mafic and meta‐tonalite‐trondhjemite intrusives from Jaintia and Karbi Anglong hills of Shillong Plateau, North East India: Implications on the evolution of the Proterozoic Shillong Basin
Authors: Khonglah Medard Augustine , Kumar A. Anil , Haokip Lalboi , Sougrakpam Sujata , Imchen Imlishila 
Published: November 2022

We present the whole‐rock and mineral chemical data of the Khasi meta‐mafic/basic‐trondhjemite intrusives (KMI) and meta‐tonalite‐trondhjemite (MTT) that coevally emplaced the Proterozoic Shillong Group (SG) of Shillong Plateau, northeast (NE) India and discuss their petrogenetic‐tectonic origin. The calc‐alkaline to tholeiite KMI are compositionally transitional between hornblende‐gabbro; hornblende‐diorite and minor‐hornblendite. They show Ta–Nb troughs and strong decoupling large‐ion lithophile/high field strength elements (HFSE) signature consistent with subduction zone‐related basic magmas. The calcic to calc‐alkaline, low‐Al2O3, and I‐type metaluminous Fe‐hedenbergite‐trondhjemite (KMT) exhibits similar trace and rare earth elements (REE) distribution to the KMI. The MTT on the other hand are depleted in trace elements and REE, and correspond with the I‐type granitoids, and are comparable to Proterozoic to Phanerozoic tonalite‐trondhjemite‐granodiorites. Gentle negative sloping of REE in KMI ([La/Lu]CN = 4.04 to 6.35) with moderate LREE, suggests partial melting or, fractional crystallization from a transitional source between garnet and spinel lherzolite. Although almost a flat pattern ([La/Lu]CN = 3.70 to 4.05) for MTT entails a high degree of partial melting from sources similar to Archaean Mafic Composite or Archaean Tholeiite. Trace elemental modellings ([Sr/Y] vs. Y and [La/Yb]N vs. YbN) for MTT infer low pressure (<15 kbar) and high degree partial melting of >50% in equilibrium with 10% garnet +90% amphibole residue. A relatively flat REE pattern with some elevated HREE of MTT compared to KMI suggests for depleted source. Bimodal plutonism and the prevalence of meta‐dacite‐rhyolite in SG invokes for tonalite‐trondhjemite‐dacite setting of a continental arc or, active continental margin tectonic setting. Emplacement of KMI initiated in a temporary relax‐extensional phase and MTT in a compressional regime. This is possibly caused by an over‐thickened crust later subjected to orogenic collapse, exhumation‐metamorphism, and decompressional melting. This event might have taken place between 1.0 to 0.5 Ga during the Pan‐African Orogenic crustal growth, linked to the amalgamation of Gondwana.
Common and unique dysconnectivity profiles of dorsal and median raphe in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Wang Junling , Sun Junyan , Gao Linlin , Zhang Dongling , Chen Lili , Wu Tao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe serotonergic (5‐HT) system, which undergoes degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD), is involved in the pathogenesis of motor and nonmotor symptoms. The dorsal raphe (DR) and median raphe (MR) nuclei are the main source of 5‐HT neurons, however, brain connectivity changes in these two nuclei have not been delineated in PD. Here we used resting‐state fMRI (rs‐fMRI) to characterize functional connectivity profiles of DR and MR and further examine the associations between dysconnectivity of raphe nuclei and clinical phenotypes of PD. We found that DR and MR commonly hypo‐connected with the sensorimotor, temporal, and occipital cortex, limbic system, left thalamus, putamen, and cerebellum in PD. DR had unique decreased connectivity with the bilateral prefrontal and cingulate cortices, while MR had lower connectivity with the pons. Moreover, reduced connectivity of DR correlated with depression, drowsiness, and anxiety, whereas dysconnectivity of MR correlated with depression, cognitive deficits, sleep disturbances, and pain. Our findings highlight the complex roles of raphe nuclei in motor and nonmotor symptoms, providing novel insights into the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying pathogenesis of PD.
Ruptured cystic endometriosis within degenerated leiomyoma mimicking intra‐abdominal malignancy: An unusual case report
Authors: Hsieh Ping‐Lin , Li Yao‐Feng , Chang Fung‐Wei , Yu Mu‐Hsien , Ke Jyun‐Cheng , Su Kuo‐Min 
Published: November 2022

SynopsisAn unusual case of ruptured cystic endometriosis within degenerated leiomyoma showing surged serum CA‐125 together with CA‐199 levels mimicking intra‐abdominal malignancy.
Obesity in pregnancy in a resource‐constrained setting: Complications and cost implications — a retrospective cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ngatiane Logic S. , Naidoo Thinagrin D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the complications and costs associated with managing obese pregnant women in a resource‐constrained environment.MethodsThe files were randomly sampled for women that delivered at the tertiary level public sector Greys Hospital in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; of the retrieved files, 206 met the inclusion criteria (January–June 2020). Patients were stratified by body mass index (normal, overweight, obese). The main outcomes being the prevalence of obesity, we conducted a logistic regression to compare the incidence of associated obstetric complications, and a direct costs comparison.ResultsOf the 206 patients, 117 (57%) were obese and at higher risk for fetal and maternal adverse outcomes. The obese/overweight group had higher incidence of pre‐pregnancy complications; history of macrosomia and obstetric complications; and increased risk of failed induction, fetal anomalies, unscheduled prenatal care visits, and postpartum hemorrhage. Neonates born to obese/overweight women were at increased need for neonatal unit admission. The mean cost estimates were 49575.3 South African Rand (ZAR) for normal weight, 49310.5 ZAR for overweight, and 54444.2 ZAR for obese women.ConclusionThe high levels of obesity were associated with feto‐maternal complications; the association increased healthcare use, resulting in a substantial increase in direct cost to the healthcare system.
Secular trend in prevalence and socioeconomic correlates of diabetes in pregnancy in Taiwan
Authors: Lu Chin‐Li , Wu Jia‐Ling , Li Hung‐Yuan , Martini Santi , Li Chung‐Yi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the trend in prevalence and socioeconomic correlates of diabetes in pregnancy (DIP) in Taiwan from 2007 to 2014.MethodsIn all, 1 606 344 pregnancies, including 199 383 DIP (1693 with pre‐pregnancy type 1 diabetes [T1DM], 17 171 with pre‐pregnancy type 2 diabetes [T2DM], and 180 519 with gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM]) were investigated. Logistic regression models were performed to identify the covariates significantly associating with DIP.ResultsOver the study period, the prevalence of pre‐pregnancy T2DM increased by 568.44%; the prevalence of T1DM and GDM also increased but with a smaller magnitude. However, only the prevalence of pre‐pregnancy T2DM showed an increase after socioeconomic variables were considered. Compared with immigrant mothers, native‐born mothers had a significantly higher adjusted odds ratio of DIP, particularly pre‐pregnancy T1DM (3.33, 95% confidence interval 1.57–7.05). Additionally, indigenous mothers and those from rural areas had a higher prevalence of pre‐pregnancy T2DM but lower prevalence of GDM. Lower maternal education and income were associated with higher prevalence of pre‐pregnancy T1DM but lower prevalence of pre‐pregnancy T2DM and GDM.ConclusionSocioeconomic variables largely accounted for the increased secular trend in pre‐pregnancy T1DM and GDM, but the prevalence of pre‐pregnancy T2DM still doubled, which was independent of socioeconomic covariates.
The influence of maternal respiratory allergy on obstetrics and perinatal outcomes: A nested case–control study
Authors: Bartha Irene , de la Fuente Miguel , de la Calle Maria , Martin Boado Elena , Martinez‐Sanchez Nuria , Bartha Jose Luis 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of respiratory allergy on obstetrics and perinatal outcomes.MethodsA nested case–control retrospective study on 41 035 pregnant women. Obstetrics and perinatal outcomes of women with or without respiratory allergy were compared. Rates of preterm delivery (<37 weeks of gestation), low birth weight (<2500 g), neonatal acidosis (pH < 7.20), low 5‐min APGAR score (<7), cesarean section rate and indications, and perinatal morbidity and mortality were analyzed. Results are expressed as number and percentages. χ2 and Fisher exact tests were used for comparisons. Logistic regression was used. Statistical significance was set at 95% level (P < 0.05).ResultsA total of 724 (1.8%) patients had respiratory allergy, and their rates of preterm delivery and low birth weight were significantly higher than those of control women (both P < 0.001). Nevertheless, analyzing the causes, multiple gestation rate was significantly higher in this group, and adjusting by this, no statistical difference was found in any of the perinatal outcomes studied. In addition, in vitro fertilization and sterility were also significantly higher in the respiratory allergy group (both P < 0.001).ConclusionWomen with respiratory allergy are at higher risks of prematurity and low birth weight but these results are mediated by sterility, in vitro fertilization, and multiple gestation rate. Nonetheless, participation of inflammatory mechanisms should be further studied.
Human resource development AS a contributor to industry 4.0 implementation IN Albania
Authors: Gjika Ira , Pano Nikollaq 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe increasing popularity of Industry 4.0 and the premises to apply it in different industries are obvious in the Albanian business environment. The role of new technologies, which stay at the center of this paradigm, is unseparated from the whole management systems in the framework of companies and value chains. Introducing new technologies should be supported by new or adapted business models, organizational systems, and human resources capable to manage them. Preparing the present and future human resources to execute their roles in compliance with the requirements of Industry 4.0 enabling technologies is a challenge for all actors involved. It requires recognition, acceptance, and development of the relationship between technology advancement and management. Our paper deals with human resource development and management in the context of Industry 4.0 introduction and implementation in the Albanian economy. It intends to highlight the role of education and management in preparing the workforce, the companies, and other stakeholders to understand and commit to new technological development, which brings manifold benefits to the country. The method used for the above analysis is a combination of a desk study and an empirical survey. The data analysis enables to point out the key factors influencing human resources development in Albanian companies. Their discussion can modestly bring some theoretical and practical implications regarding the human resources that will implement I4.0 enabling technologies in the country.
The effects of the Affordable Care Act on seasonal agricultural workers
Authors: Donkor Kwabena B. , Perloff Jeffrey M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) policies (Medicaid expansion, health insurance premium subsidy, and tax penalty) on farmworkers' health insurance coverage and healthcare utilization. Using the National Agricultural Worker Survey, we find that the ACA policies substantially raised the share of seasonal farmworkers with medical insurance. It significantly increased workers' use of preventive medical services and decreased the use of hospitals, including emergency rooms, which was a goal of the law's proponents. These effects did not significantly differ between workers with and without a pre‐existing medical condition.