bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgeon preference for treatment allocation in older people facing major gastrointestinal surgery: an application of the discrete choice experiment methodology
Authors: Daniels Sarah L. , Morgan Jenna , Lee Matthew J. , Wickramasekera Nyantara , Moug Susan , Wilson Tim R. , Brown Steven R. , Wyld Lynda 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimVariation in major gastrointestinal surgery rates in the older population suggests heterogeneity in surgical management. A higher prevalence of comorbidities, frailty and cognitive impairments in the older population may account for some variation. The aim of this study was to determine surgeon preference for major surgery versus conservative management in hypothetical patient scenarios based on key attributes.MethodA survey was designed according to the discrete choice methodology guided by a separate qualitative study. Questions were designed to test for associations between key attributes (age, comorbidity, urgency of presentation, pathology, functional and cognitive status) and treatment preference for major gastrointestinal surgery versus conservative management. The survey consisting of 18 hypothetical scenarios was disseminated electronically to UK gastrointestinal surgeons. Binomial logistic regression was used to identify associations between the attributes and treatment preference.ResultsIn total, 103 responses were received after 256 visits to the questionnaire site (response rate 40.2%). Participants answered 1847 out of the 1854 scenarios (99.6%). There was a preference for major surgery in 1112/1847 (60.2%) of all scenarios. Severe comorbidities (OR 0.001, 95% CI 0.000–0.030; P = 0.000), severe cognitive impairment (OR 0.001, 95% CI 0.000–0.033; P = 0.000) and age 85 years and above (OR 0.028, 95% CI 0.005–0.168; P = 0.000) were all significant in the decision not to offer major gastrointestinal surgery.ConclusionThis study has demonstrated variation in surgical treatment preference according to key attributes in hypothetical scenarios. The development of fitness‐stratified guidelines may help to reduce variation in surgical practice in the older population.
Evaluating changes in pulse transit time drop index in patients with obstructive sleep apnea before and during CPAP therapy
Authors: Kalantari Elham , Kalantari Forough , Edalatifard Maryam , Rahimi Besharat 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAirflow limitation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) leads to arousal, increased sympathetic nervous system activity, and elevated blood pressure, which causes a decrease in pulse transit time (PTT). The present study aims to evaluate the effect of CPAP therapy on PTT in patients with moderate to severe OSA. This was a cross‐sectional study. Split‐night polysomnography (PSG) study was performed for each participant with apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 15 before and during CPAP therapy. The PTT was calculated as the time interval between the R wave of the electrocardiogram and the following arrival point in fingertip photoplethysmography. PTT drop was defined as a fall in the PTT curve of ≥15 ms lasting at least for 3 s and at most for 30 s. PTT drop index was defined as the number of drops in PTT that occur per hour of sleep. A total of 30 patients were included. PTT significantly increased, and PTT drop index significantly decreased during CPAP therapy (P < 0.001). PTT was significantly correlated to sleep efficiency (rs = −0.376, P = 0.049) and oxygen desaturation index (ODI) (rs = −0.428, P = 0.018). PTT drop index was strongly correlated to AHI (rs = 0.802, P < 0.001), respiratory disturbance index (RDI) (rs = 0.807, P < 0.001), ODI (rs = 0.693, P < 0.001), arousal index (rs = 0.807, P < 0.001), and periodic leg movement (PLM) index (rs = 0.400, P = 0.035). Overall, the findings from this study indicated that the PTT drop index is a non‐invasive and useful marker for evaluating the severity of OSA and the effectiveness of treatment in patients with moderate to severe OSA.
Evidence for a theta‐band behavioural oscillation in rapid face detection
Authors: Liu Xiaoyi , Balestrieri Elio , Melcher David 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTheories of rhythmic perception propose that perceptual sampling operates in a periodic way, with alternating moments of high and low responsiveness to sensory inputs. This rhythmic sampling is linked to neural oscillations and thought to produce fluctuations in behavioural outcomes. Previous studies have revealed theta‐ and alpha‐band behavioural oscillations in low‐level visual tasks and object categorization. However, less is known about fluctuations in face perception, for which the human brain has developed a highly specialized network. To investigate this, we ran an online study (N = 179) incorporating the dense sampling technique with a dual‐target rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) paradigm. In each trial, a stream of object images was presented at 30 Hz and participants were tasked with detecting whether or not there was a face image in the sequence. On some trials, one or two (identical) face images (the target) were embedded in each stream. On dual‐target trials, the targets were separated by an interstimulus interval (ISI) that varied between 0 to 633 ms. The task was to indicate the presence of the target and its gender if present. Performance varied as a function of ISI, with a significant behavioural oscillation in the face detection task at 7.5 Hz, driven mainly by the male target faces. This finding is consistent with a high theta‐band‐based fluctuation in visual processing. Such fluctuations might reflect rhythmic attentional sampling or, alternatively, feedback loops involved in updating top‐down predictions.
RETRACTED: SVM‐based generative adverserial networks for federated learning and edge computing attack model and outpoising
Authors: Manoharan Poongodi , Walia Ranjan , Iwendi Celestine , Ahanger Tariq Ahamed , Suganthi S. T. , Kamruzzaman M. M. , Bourouis Sami , Alhakami Wajdi , Hamdi Mounir 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMachine learning are vulnerable to the threats. The Intruders can utilize the malicious nature of the nodes to attack the training dataset to worsen the process and manipulate the learning and make the over all system with less efficiency and performance. The optimized poison attack procedures are already introduced to estimate the overall bad scenario, design the intrusion as bi‐level optimization and it is considered computational complexity is high and demanding, in contrary the applicability is limited such models deep neural networks. In this research papers, we have proposed, novel proposed system, poisoning attacks against the Machine learning training dataset, including the genuine data points that reduce the accuracy of the classifier in the process of training. The proposed system have 3 components of Generative Adverserial networks (GAN) generator, discriminator, and the target classifier. The proposed system allows to detect the vulnerability easy and it can be found as similar as realistic attacks to detect the area where the underlying data distribution have more possibility of poising attack which cause vulnerability to the network. Our experimentation, proves the claim our that the proposed model is effective on compromising the classifiers uses the machine learning algorithms and also deep learning networks.
Low oxygen levels with high redox heterogeneity in the late Ediacaran shallow ocean: Constraints from I/(Ca + Mg) and Ce/Ce* of the Dengying Formation, South China
Authors: Ding Yi , Sun Wei , Liu Shugen , Xie Jirong , Tang Dongjie , Zhou Xiqiang , Zhou Limin , Li Zhiwu , Song Jinmin , Li Zeqi , Xu Hongyuan , Tang Pan , Liu Kang , Li Wenjun , Chen Daizhao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMost previous studies focused on the redox state of the deep water, leading to an incomplete understanding of the spatiotemporal evolution of the redox‐stratified ocean during the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition. In order to decode the redox condition of shallow marine environments during the late Ediacaran, this study presents I/(Ca + Mg), carbon and oxygen isotope, major, trace, and rare earth element data of subtidal to peritidal dolomite from the Dengying Formation at Yangba, South China. In combination with the reported radiometric and biostratigraphic data, the Dengying Formation and coeval successions worldwide are subdivided into a positive δ13C excursion (up to ~6‰) in the lower part (~551–547 Ma) and a stable δ13C plateau (generally between 0‰ and 3‰) in the middle‐upper part (~547–541 Ma). The overall low I/(Ca + Mg) ratios (<0.5 μmol/mol) and slightly negative to no Ce anomalies (0.80 < [Ce/Ce*]SN < 1.25), point to low‐oxygen levels in shallow marine environments at Yangba. Moreover, four pulsed negative excursions in (Ce/Ce*)SN(between 0.62 and 0.8) and the associated two positive excursions in I/(Ca + Mg) ratios (up to 2.02 μmol/mol) are observed, indicative of weak oxygenations in the shallow marine environments. The comparison with other upper Ediacaran shallow water successions worldwide reveals that the (Ce/Ce*)SNand I/(Ca + Mg) values generally fall in the Precambrian range but their temporal trends differ among these successions (e.g., Ce anomaly profiles significantly different between Yangba and the Yangtze Gorge sections), which point to low oxygen levels with high redox heterogeneity in the surface ocean. This is consistent with the widespread anoxia as revealed by low δ238U values reported by previous studies. Thus, the atmospheric oxygen concentrations during the late Ediacaran are estimated to be very low, similar to the case during the most Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic period.
Machine learning approach identifies prominent codons from different degenerate groups influencing gene expression in bacteria
Authors: Sen Piyali , Kurmi Annushree , Ray Suvendra Kumar , Satapathy Siddhartha Sankar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUnequal usage of synonymous codons is known as codon usage bias (CUB), which is generally different between the high‐expression genes (HEG) and low‐expression genes (LEG) in organisms is not yet adequately reported across different bacteria. In this study, a machine learning‐based approach was implemented initially to find out codons that are significantly different between the HEG and LEG in Escherichia coli. It identified Cys codons such as UGU and UGC, Lys codons such as AAA and AAG that were least influenced by gene expression. Codons such as UCU (Ser), CUG (Leu), GGG (Gly), CGG (Arg) etc. were identified to be influenced maximum by the gene expression. The study was extended to analyze codon usage in 683 other bacterial species. Cys (UGU/UGC) and Ser (AGU/AGC) codons were identified being the least different between the two groups of genes across these bacterial species. Codons such as CGA, CUG, GGG, GCC, ACC, AUA, and AUC were identified to be influenced by the gene expression across majority of these species. This study supports the role of CUB on gene expression across bacteria and demonstrates a commonality among bacteria regarding behavior of certain codons with regard to gene expression.
Synthesized HMGB1 peptide prevents the progression of inflammation, steatosis, fibrosis, and tumor occurrence in a non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis mouse model
Authors: Ishii Yui , Tsuchiya Atsunori , Natsui Kazuki , Koseki Youhei , Takeda Nobutaka , Tomiyoshi Kei , Yamazaki Fusako , Yoshida Yuki , Shimbo Takashi , Tamai Katsuto , Terai Shuji 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimNon‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with fibrosis eventually leads to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, the development of therapies other than dietary restriction and exercise, particularly those that suppress steatosis and fibrosis of the liver and have a long‐term beneficial effect, is necessary. We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of the HMGB1 peptide synthesized from box A using the melanocortin‐4 receptor‐deficient (Mc4r‐KO) NASH model mouse.MethodsWe performed short‐ and long‐term administration of this peptide and evaluated the effects on steatosis, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis using Mc4r‐KO mice. We also analyzed the direct effect of this peptide on macrophages and hepatic stellate cells in vitro and performed lipidomics and metabolomics techniques to evaluate the effect.ResultsAlthough this peptide did not show direct effects on macrophages and hepatic stellate cells in vitro, in the short‐term administration model, we could confirm the reduction of liver damage, steatosis, and fibrosis progression. The results of lipidomics and metabolomics suggested that the peptide might ameliorate NASH by promoting lipolysis via the activation of fatty acid β‐oxidation and improving insulin resistance. In the long‐term administration model, this peptide prevented progression to cirrhosis but retained the steatosis state, that is, the peptide prevents the progression to “burnt‐out NASH.” This peptide inhibited carcinogenesis by about one‐third.ConclusionThis HMGB1 peptide can reduce liver damage, improve fibrosis and steatosis, and inhibit carcinogenesis, suggesting that the peptide would be a new treatment candidate for NASH and can contribute to the long‐term prognosis for patients with NASH.
Melanoma arising in extracutaneous cellular blue naevus: report of two cases with comparison to cutaneous counterparts and uveal melanoma
Authors: Jo Vickie Y , Russell‐Goldman Eleanor , Yoon Charles H , Doyle Leona A , Hanna John 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsBlue naevi are benign melanocytic lesions that typically occur in the dermis. Melanoma arising in blue naevus is rare, and shows a molecular profile distinct from conventional forms of cutaneous melanoma and more similar to uveal melanoma and central nervous system (CNS) melanocytomas. In contrast to conventional cutaneous melanoma, these tumour types typically show activating driver mutations in GNAQ or GNA11, a low mutational burden without evidence of a UV signature and a reproducible pattern of chromosomal copy number changes. Blue naevi can also occur at extracutaneous sites. Here we report two cases of melanoma arising in extracutaneous blue naevus and compare their molecular features to cohorts of melanoma arising in cutaneous blue naevus (five patients) and uveal melanoma (six patients).Methods and resultsWe describe the clinical, histomorphological, immunohistochemical and molecular findings in these two cases of melanoma arising in extracutaneous blue naevus. We compare their molecular profiles to melanomas arising in cutaneous blue naevus and uveal melanoma using a targeted next‐generation DNA sequencing platform and find striking similarities between all three groups.ConclusionsThe close relationship between blue naevus‐associated melanomas, regardless of their anatomical site, supports and validates the concept of melanoma arising in extracutaneous blue naevus and suggests that the two groups share common pathogenic mechanisms. The similarity of both groups to uveal melanoma in turn supports the close relationship between blue naevus‐associated melanoma, uveal melanoma and CNS melanocytoma, and their distinction from conventional UV‐associated melanoma. These findings have important implications for prognosis and therapy.
Effector Th1 cells under PD‐1 and CTLA‐4 checkpoint blockade abrogate the upregulation of multiple inhibitory receptors and by‐pass exhaustion
Authors: Horzum Utku , Yanik Hamdullah , Taskiran Ekim Z. , Esendagli Gunes 
Published: August 2022

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapy relies on the restoration of T‐cell functions. The ICI receptors are not only found on exhausted T cells but also upregulated upon activation and reach high levels on effector T cells. In an ex vivo model, this study explored the consequences of PD‐1 and cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen (CTLA‐4) blockade applied during specific time frames of T‐cell stimulation that coincide with distinct functional phases in type 1 helper T (Th1) cells. When applied at an early stimulation stage, the checkpoint blockade interfered with the upregulation of multiple inhibitory receptors such as PD‐1, LAG3, TIM‐3 and CTLA‐4. Moreover, extension of the blockade period restricted the hyporesponsiveness in T cells. Alternatively, a short‐term ICI treatment was advantageous when applied at late time frames of Th1 cell stimulation. Here, a transition phase from effector to exhausted state, which coincided with the late time frames of Th1 stimulation, was clearly determined together with the transcriptomics data demonstrating the initiation of significant alterations in metabolic pathways, genetic information processes, effector and exhaustion specific pathways. Applied in this transition phase, PD‐1 and/or CTLA‐4 blockade downregulated the inhibitory receptors which were already present on the effector Th1 cells, potentially through endocytic pathways. Therefore, the efficacy of ICI therapy was modulated by the functional status of T cells and can be improved by modifying the timing and duration of PD‐1 and CTLA‐4 blockade. In conclusion, the ICI therapy not only supports the reactivation of T cells but can also constrain de novo exhaustion.
Relationships among social support, coping style, self‐stigma, and quality of life in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: A multicentre, cross‐sectional study
Authors: Luo Ruzhen , Ji Yunan , Liu Yan‐hui , Sun Hongyu , Tang Siyuan , Li Xuechun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPatients with diabetic foot ulcer have a significantly lower quality of life. Quality of life could be connected to other psychological or social processes. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between social support, decision regret, self‐stigma, and quality of life in patients with diabetic foot ulcers. The sample of the study consisted of 229 diabetic foot ulcer patients. Data were collected from September 2019 to March 2020. The demographic and clinical information, the Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness, Medical Coping Scale, Social Support Scale, and Quality of Life scale were used to assess the quality life for diabetic foot ulcer. Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modelling were used for data analysis. The quality of life was negatively correlated with self‐stigma, positively correlated with social support, giving up coping, and not significantly correlated with confrontation coping and avoidance coping. Self‐stigma has significant indirect effects on quality of life through social support and coping style. Further clinical intervention strategies for decreasing self‐stigma as well as strengthening social support and positive coping styles are needed to inform diabetic foot ulcer patients, thus improving their quality of life.
Wild vegetation and ‘farming with alternative pollinators’ approach support pollinator diversity in farmland
Authors: Sentil Ahlam , Reverté Sara , Lhomme Patrick , Bencharki Youssef , Rasmont Pierre , Christmann Stefanie , Michez Denis 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSeveral management practices have been suggested to mitigate the global pollinator decline in agro‐ecosystems, including wildflower strips and Farming with Alternative Pollinators (FAP). FAP proposes to dedicate 25% of the field area to seed Marketable Habitat Enhancement Plants (MHEP) around the main crop, occupying 75% of the field. However, wild pollinators may not rely fully on the resources that fields provide due to differences in flying period and host‐plant preferences, and need additional resources from wild flowering plant communities. Here we aim to compare wild pollinator communities between FAP fields, monoculture of pollinator dependent crops and the nearby wild flowering plants. We developed two experimental trials with two main crops (faba bean and eggplant) in 16 fields in North‐West Morocco and we compared wild pollinator richness and wild pollinator specialization between FAP fields, control fields and the nearby wild flowering plants. We recorded a significantly higher pollinator richness in FAP fields compared to wild flowering plants and monoculture. Pollinator specialization index (i.e. degree of interaction specialization at the species level) did not differ significantly between the three treatments in faba bean trial (i.e. FAP, control and wild plants), whilst in eggplant trial, wild plants harboured significantly more specialist species than FAP fields. Yet, no significant differences in pollinator specialization index were reported between the other treatments in eggplant trial (i.e. FAP vs. control and control vs. wild plants). Moreover, 28% of the pollinator species collected, were only observed on wild plants, particularly thistles. These results highlight the potential of FAP approach as a tool for pollinator conservation in farmlands. However, the FAP approach alone is not sufficient to cater the diverse pollinators present in the agro‐ecosystem, and hence, the maintenance of the surrounding wild flowering plants is necessary to support pollinators in farmlands.
Circles in the sea: annual courtship “torus” behaviour of basking sharks Cetorhinus maximus identified in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Sims David W. , Berrow Simon D. , O'Sullivan Ken M. , Pfeiffer Nicholas J. , Collins Richard , Smith Kev L. , Pfeiffer Brianna M. , Connery Paul , Wasik Shane , Flounders Lois , Queiroz Nuno , Humphries Nicolas E. , Womersley Freya C. , Southall Emily J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGroups of basking sharks engaged in circling behaviour are rarely observed, and their function remains enigmatic in the absence of detailed observations. Here, underwater and aerial video recordings of multiple circling groups of basking sharks during late summer (August and September 2016–2021) in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean showed groups numbering between 6 and 23 non‐feeding individuals of both sexes. Sharks swam slowly in a rotating “torus” (diameter range: 17–39 m), with individuals layered vertically from the surface to a maximum depth of 16 m. Within a torus, sharks engaged in close‐following, echelon, close‐flank approach or parallel‐swimming behaviours. Measured shark total body lengths were 5.4–9.5 m (mean LT: 7.3 m ± 0.9 s.d.; median: 7.2 m, n = 27), overlapping known lengths of sexually mature males and females. Males possessed large claspers with abrasions that were also observed on female pectoral fins. Female body colouration was paler than that of males, similar to colour changes observed during courtship and mating in other shark species. Individuals associated with most other members rapidly (within minutes), indicating toroidal behaviours facilitate multiple interactions. Sharks interacted through fin–fin and fin–body contacts, rolling to expose the ventral surfaces to following sharks, and breaching behaviour. Toruses formed in late summer when feeding aggregations in zooplankton‐rich thermal fronts switched to non‐feeding following and circling behaviours. Collectively, the observations explain a courtship function for toruses. This study highlights northeast Atlantic coastal waters as a critical habitat supporting courtship reproductive behaviour of endangered basking sharks, the first such habitat identified for this species globally.