bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthetic Strategies for Versatile Thioester Building Blocks
Authors: Pal Amit , Prasad Mondal Pinku , Niloofar Fathima , Sahoo Basudev 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThioester constitutes a fundamentally unique intermediate, engaged in various biosynthesis processes in living systems as well as a versatile synthon in modern organic synthesis. Transition metal catalysis and radical reaction manifolds have enabled to enrich the repertoire of synthetic methods for thioesters. In this review, we have accommodated the recent reports on modern strategies towards thioester synthesis from a plethora of readily available feedstocks, such as alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, phenols or commodity chemicals/synthetic building blocks like organic aldehydes, halides or organoboron reagents under various catalysis domains. Furthermore, the momentous advancements of employing progenitors of odorous thiols as well as CO‐surrogates have contextually been emphasized, alongside the utilization of native free thiols and CO gas.
Visible‐Light‐Mediated Self‐Sensitized Oxidative and Regioselective C(sp2)−H Selenylation and Sulfenylation of Substituted 2‐Amino‐1,4‐Naphthoquinones
Authors: Nayek Nayana , Brahmachari Goutam 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA photochemical method based on visible‐light (white LEDs/sunlight) irradiation has been developed for the regioselective and oxidative C(sp2)−H selenylation and sulfenylation of substituted 2‐amino‐1,4‐naphthoquinones under oxygen atmosphere. The photochemical process does not require any external photoredox catalysts. The other notable advantages of this protocol are metal‐free synthesis, visible light/sunlight as energy sources, good substrate scope, and moderate to good yields (41–91 %) with high regioselectivity.
Simultaneous electrochemical determination of hydrazine and nitrite based on Au nanoparticles decorated on the poly(Nile Blue) modified carbon nanotube
Authors: Hatip Müge , Koçak Süleyman , Dursun Zekerya 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this study, simultaneous determination of toxic hydrazine and nitrite was performed on composite electrodes of poly(Nile blue)(NB), carbon nanotube(CNT) and gold nanoparticles(AuNPs). The prepared AuNPs/CNT/poly(NB)/GCE was used for as a sensor platform for individual and simultaneous determination of hydrazine and nitrite. Electrodes were characterized by HRTEM, SEM, XPS, EIS. The LOD for nitrite and hydrazine was 5.0 μM and 3.1 μM at AuNP/CNT/poly(NB)/GCE, respectively. Also, sensitive amperometric determinations of hydrazine and nitrite were performed and LOD were calculated as 0.33 μM and 0.68 μM, respectively. The method was applied to sausage and river water samples and recovery results were obtained in the range 85–115 %.
Theoretical and experimental analyses of structures with supplemental clutching inertia devices
Authors: Liang Qigang , Li Luyu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractClutching inertia device (CID) is a novel device that incorporates the function of an inerter and the clutching effect that can be provided by a ratchet. In this paper, the performance of an SDOF system with supplemental clutching inertia is investigated through theoretical analyses and experimental tests. First, the dynamic equation for a structure with a CID is built in the form of multi‐body motion. Second, an inertia device (ID), a CID, and an inertia‐enhanced CID (ECID) by reducers are designed for dynamic testing in a small‐scale steel structure. Third, the influence of clutching effect, flywheel inertia and accessory damping of the CID on the structural response is analyzed through a comparative study of numerical simulation and shaking table tests under harmonic and seismic excitation. The results confirm previous predictions that the clutching effect helps to reduce the resonant response of the structure and that the increase in flywheel inertia can further mitigate the resonant response when considering certain accessory damping in the CID. The increase in accessory damping, either viscous damping or friction damping, will obviously reduce the resonant response and resonant frequency of the controlled structure, and the structure with the ECID shows better performance than that of CID when considering the same accessory damping. It is confirmed that the tested CIDs improved the structural seismic performance by slightly prolonging the fundamental structural period and prominently controlling the response in resonant frequency and high frequency owing to the effect of supplemental clutching inertia and accessory damping.
Managing dyke retreat: Importance of century‐scale channel network evolution on storm surge modification over salt marshes under rising sea levels
Authors: Pinton Daniele , Canestrelli Alberto , Xu Sheng Zhuo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA hybrid coastal defense consisting of a salt‐marsh system at the seaward side and dykes on the landward side has been globally implemented to improve coastal resilience. In this approach, marshes are valuable ecosystems that dampen storm surges and have an intrinsic ability to keep up with sea‐level rise (SLR). Dykes instead, prevent the surge from penetrating inland. Therefore, dyke retreat is now considered a valuable option that allows the creation of new marshland in front of the relocated dyke, thus maximizing surge damping. The studies investigating the effect of dyke retreat on surge modification do not incorporate the morphodynamic expansion of tidal networks in the de‐reclaimed land, which is modeled as an unchannelized marsh. Here, we use the morphodynamic model Delft3D and a marsh evolution module to study the formation of tidal networks in a de‐reclaimed land after dyke retreat and evaluate their effect on surge modification (damping or amplification), and thus, the maximum water level reached at the dyke during a storm surge event. For this purpose, we consider different combinations of hydrodynamic (storm surge peak and duration, SLR), and morphodynamic (sediment input, dyke retreat distance, and de‐reclaimed land slope) parameters. Our results suggest that an increase in tidal prism, which depends on retreat distance, de‐reclaimed land slope, and SLR, drives the century‐scale morphodynamic evolution of the marsh. Results also show that surge damping is overestimated if the morphodynamic evolution of the tidal network after dyke retreat is neglected since the new creeks favor the landward propagation of the surge. Finally, a genetic algorithm is used to determine a relationship between surge modification, marsh morphology, and the morphodynamic and hydrodynamic parameters of the simulations. The relationship indicates that relative surge damping increases for shallower tidal networks, smaller surge peaks, higher marsh platforms, and smaller percentages of channelized area.
Analysis of cofermentation characteristics of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus based on microrheology
Authors: Yang Shujuan , Li Weicheng , Bai Mei , Wang Jicheng , Sun Zhihong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe fermented milk mainly consists of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. This research was aimed to investigate the cofermentation characteristics of different L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus strains. Three strains of L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus ST‐2 were mixed and prepared into the starter (A, B, and C) and applied to milk fermentation for screening of optimal combination, and the commercial starter (D) was used as the reference. The microrheological properties during fermentation were analyzed by using multifrequency diffusion spectroscopy. Meanwhile, the fermented milk's stability, texture, and sensory characteristics were also observed during storage. Microrheology analysis revealed that the time to reach the fermentation endpoint of starters A, B, and C was almost the same during fermentation. Groups A, B, and C showed more elastic solid‐state properties and groups A and C had higher elastic factors, indicating that the gel structure of the sample was relatively strong. During storage, the pH value of fermented milk in each group D, A, C, and B was in sequence from high to low, and the titratable acidity was also in sequence from high to low in B, C, A, and D groups, respectively. The viscosity of group A was significantly higher than that of groups B and C (p < 0.05), and there was no change in group D (p > 0.05). The sensory score of fermented milk in group A was higher, and the overall texture was good. Results concluded that group A starter culture produced fermented milk with a firm gel structure and excellent texture and flavor. This study will provide data support and methodology for developing and screening compound starters applied for milk fermentation in the future.
Diels–Alder Additions to 2,2’‐Biaceanthrylene
Authors: Du Yachu , Pandey Krishna , Plunkett Kyle N. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA series of Diels–Alder reactions between the diene 2,2’‐biaceanthrylene and several dienophiles is presented. The diene is a cyclopenta‐fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with anthracene units linked by two cyclopentene rings. Depending on the dienophile, the major product was the result of a single addition (dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate) or double addition (quinone, benzyne) to the diene. Single crystal X‐ray analysis of the quinone‐derivative shows a propeller‐like structure composed of mixed enantiomers. The synthesis and photophysical properties of these compounds are presented.
Guide to manual positive pressure ventilation (bagging) in companion animal practice
Authors: Cantó Lucía Torres , Auckburally Adam , Pernet Nicolas 
Published: December 2022

Background: Squeezing the reservoir bag on the anaesthetic breathing system to inflate the lungs (colloquially known as bagging) is a technique commonly used during general anaesthesia in veterinary practice. Despite being straightforward to perform, the physiological implications are important to understand. Furthermore, catastrophic consequences can occur and staff must be vigilant and trained correctly when using this technique to manage ventilation during anaesthesia.Aim of the article: This article provides an overview of the indications and contraindications of manual bagging, and reviews relevant literature from human medicine.
PPI-Induced Changes in Plasma Metabolite Levels Influence Total Hip Bone Mineral Density in a UK Cohort
Authors: Zhang Xinyuan , Adebayo Adewale S. , Wang Dongmeng , Raza Yasrab , Tomlinson Max , Dooley Hannah , Bowyer Ruth C.E. , Small Kerrin S. , Steves Claire J. , Spector Tim D. , Duncan Emma L. , Visconti Alessia , Falchi Mario 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most used drugs in the UK. PPI use has been associated with decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture risk, although these results have been inconsistent. We hypothesized that PPI could modulate BMD by altering gut and/or host systemic metabolic environments. Using data from more than 5000 British male and female individuals, we confirmed that PPI use is associated with decreased lumbar spine and total hip BMD. This effect was not mediated through the gut microbiome. We suggest here that PPI use may influence total hip BMD, both directly and indirectly, via plasma metabolites involved in the sex hormone pathway. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Greater lifetime stressor exposure is associated with poorer mental health among sexual minority people of color
Authors: Parra Luis A. , Spahr Chandler M. , Goldbach Jeremy T. , Bray Bethany C. , Kipke Michele D. , Slavich George M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundResearch has shown that sexual minority people of color experience pervasive and sometimes severe life stressors that increase their risk of experiencing mental health problems, and that can contribute to lifelong health disparities. However, no studies in this population have investigated stressor exposure occurring over the entire lifespan. Moreover, it remains unknown whether these stressor‐health effects differ based on the timing or types of stressors experienced.PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine how cumulative lifetime stressor exposure is associated with mental health among Black, Latinx, and biracial Black‐Latinx sexual minority persons.MethodParticipants were 285 ethnic/racial minority young adults (Mage = 25.18 years old, SD = 1.94, age range = 19–29 years), who completed the Stress and Adversity Inventory for Adults to assess for retrospective reports of lifetime stressor count and severity. The Brief Symptom Inventory was used to assess participants' symptoms of anxiety, depression, and somatization, which were the main outcomes. Most participants identified as cisgender male (94.7%) and gay (74.2%), with the remaining participants identifying as transgender or genderqueer/nonbinary for gender and bisexual/pansexual, queer, or another sexual orientation.ResultsMultiple regression analyses indicated that experiencing more—and more severe—stressors across the lifespan was related to greater anxiety, depressive, and somatization symptoms. These effects were robust while controlling for race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, education, and employment status, and they differed based on stressor exposure timing, type, primary life domain, and core social–psychological characteristic.ConclusionGreater cumulative lifetime stressor exposure is related to poorer mental health among sexual minority people of color. Screening for lifetime stressors may thus help identify at‐risk persons and provide an opportunity to intervene to help mitigate or prevent mental health disparities in multiply stigmatized adults.
Modification of Vancomycin Dosing in Cardiac Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Wang Lei , Yu Xu‐ben , Zhou Zi‐Ye , Wang Jue , Zheng Liu‐Pu , Dai Ying , Wang Yu‐Zhen , Zhang Xiao‐Shan , Chen Chuang , Shi Da‐Wei , Zhang Chun‐Hong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study aims to assess the risk factors for insufficient vancomycin concentrations for its prophylactic use in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and to modify the dosing regimen to achieve appropriate plasma concentrations. A total of 27 patients with vancomycin dosing of 1 to 1.5 g based on a weight cutoff of 67 kg were included, of which only 13 (48.15%) had vancomycin plasma concentration >15 mg/L at surgical closure. Risk factors of vancomycin concentration <15 mg/L at surgical‐site closure were confirmed by multivariate logistic regression analysis, which showed that CPB duration was an independent predictor. Patients with CPB duration >4 hours had significantly lower vancomycin concentrations and lower proportion in achieving target vancomycin concentration at the end of CPB and surgical closure. For patients with CPB >4 hours, the modified dosing regimen that a second dose of 0.5 to 0.75 g added at 4 hours since the onset of CPB improved the target achievement of vancomycin concentration at surgical closure. Taken together, CPB duration >4 hours was the risk factor for insufficient vancomycin concentration at surgical closure, while our modified dosing could improve the vancomycin concentrations for its prophylactic use in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB.
MicroRNA profiling of different exercise interventions for alleviating skeletal muscle atrophy in naturally aging rats
Authors: Liang Jiling , Zhang Hu , Zeng Zhengzhong , Lv Jun , Huang Jielun , Wu Xiaowen , Wang Minghui , Xu Jiahao , Fan Jingjing , Chen Ning 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundExercise is an affordable and practical strategy to alleviate several detrimental outcomes from the aging process, including sarcopenia. The elucidation of molecular mechanisms to alleviate sarcopenia is one of the most important steps towards understanding human aging. Although microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate muscle growth, regeneration and aging, the potential role of exercise‐mediated miRNAs during the prevention and rehabilitation of skeletal muscle atrophy upon exercise interventions remains unclear.MethodsA miRNA profile by miRNA sequencing for gastrocnemius muscle of a 24‐month‐old aged male rat model mimicking the naturally aging process was established through screening the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) for alleviating aging‐induced skeletal muscle atrophy upon optimal exercise intervention. The screened miRNAs and hub genes, as well as biomarkers with the most significantly enriched pathways, were validated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.ResultsThe sarcopenia index (SI) value and cross‐sectional area (CSA) of rats from the old control (OC) group significantly decreased when compared with the youth control (YC) group (P < 0.001, P < 0.01), whereas an increased SI value and an enlarged CSA of rats from the old‐aerobic exercise (OE), old‐resistance exercise (OR) and old‐mixed exercise (OM) groups were determined (P < 0.01, P < 0.001, P < 0.05; P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Our results demonstrate that 764 known miRNAs, 201 novel miRNAs and 505 miRNA–mRNA interaction networks were identified to be related to aging‐induced muscular atrophy. Among them, 13 miRNAs were differentially expressed (P < 0.05 and log2|fold change| > 1) between the YC group and the OC group. Compared with the OC group, 7, 2 and 11 miRNAs were differentially expressed in the OE, OR and OM groups after exercise interventions, respectively. Meanwhile, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed that the identified DEMs were primarily related to apoptosis, autophagy and the NF‐κB/MuRF1 signalling pathways (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, four DEMs (miR‐7a‐1‐3p, miR‐135a‐5p, miR‐151‐5p and miR‐196b‐5p), six hub genes (Ar, Igf1, Hif1a, Bdnf, Fak and Nras) and several biomarkers (LC3, Beclin1, p62, Bax, Bcl‐2 and NF‐κB/MuRF1) with the most significantly enriched pathways were confirmed, which may play a key role in muscular atrophy during the aging process.ConclusionsThese findings are closely correlated with the progression of sarcopenia and could act as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and interventional monitoring of aging‐induced skeletal muscle atrophy.
Acute pancreatitis after nitrous oxide abuse: A case report
Authors: Chen Shanshan , Guo Linjie , Wang Yufang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe recreational use of nitrous oxide (N2O) is sharply increasing among young adults. N2O abuse can cause serious complications. However, the association between acute pancreatitis and N2O is rarely reported. Here we report a case of a young and previously healthy female with widespread cutaneous lesions, neurologic symptoms, and abdominal pain. Acute pancreatitis was the patient's primary diagnosis when she was admitted to the gastroenterology unit. We added the diagnosis of N2O intoxication after an additional inquiry into the patient's personal history revealed that she had abused N2O for 1 month. With the application of mecobalamin and other symptomatic treatments, the symptoms and laboratory indexes improved gradually. In this case, we highlight that acute pancreatitis may be a rare complication induced by N2O.
The fate of donor‐type ABO blood group antigen expression in liver grafts in ABO‐incompatible adult living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Oh Moon Young , Kim Haeryoung , Yi Nam‐Joon , Hong Suyoung , Lee Jeong‐Moo , Lee Sola , Hong Suk Kyun , Choi YoungRok , Lee Kwang‐Woong , Suh Kyung‐Suk 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground/PurposeDonor‐type ABO blood group antigens (dABOAgs) have been detected in ABO‐incompatible adult living donor liver transplantation (ABOi ALDLT) grafts, but their fate and role in ABOi ALDLT rejection remain uncertain.MethodsThe 0‐day, <1‐month, and 1‐year serial liver graft biopsies from 30 ABOi ALDLT recipients were retrospectively evaluated. ABO antigen expression was quantitatively and serially measured by the mean number of positively stained vascular structures (endothelium of the capillaries, arteries, hepatic veins, and portal veins) within the portal tracts (sS).ResultsThe dABOAg sS counts of 0‐day, <1‐month, and 1‐year liver graft biopsies (32.3, 20.8, and 20.6, respectively) decreased significantly (p < .001). Early rejection in the <1‐month biopsy was observed in 8/30 (26.7%) recipients, four (13.3%) of whom showed antibody‐mediated rejection. The sS counts tended to rebound in grafts showing early rejection, with minimal changes from the 0‐day to <1‐month period, but increased to pre‐transplantation levels after 1 year, compared to that in grafts without early rejection (36.0, 20.4, 19.6 vs. 23.7, 21.9, 23.0, respectively; p = .040).ConclusionsWhile dABOAg expression decreased after ABOi ALDLT, recipients showing early rejection showed sustained graft dABOAg expression. Therefore, dABOAg expression may be involved in the mechanism of accommodation in ABOi transplantation.
Green multicomponent approach to novel 5‐[(2H‐Pyran‐3‐yl)(aryl)methyl]‐1,3‐dimethylpyrimidines
Authors: Ryzhkova Yuliya E. , Kalashnikova Varvara M. , Fakhrutdinov Artem N. , Elinson Michail N. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe multicomponent green methodologies are an ideal instrument in organic synthesis. Environmentally benign, facile, and efficient multicomponent synthesis of [(2H‐pyran‐3‐yl)(aryl)methyl]‐1,3‐dimethylpyrimidines by the reaction of aromatic aldehydes, N,N′‐dimethylbarbituric acid and 4‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one employing simple and eco‐friendly catalyst and solvent—sodium acetate and ethanol is reported. The reaction proceeds at reflux conditions with good and excellent yields (65%–97%). The isolation of final compounds does not require complex purification procedures. All novel synthesized compounds are characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, FT‐IR and mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The [(2H‐pyran‐3‐yl)(aryl)methyl]‐1,3‐dimethylpyrimidine structure was proven using 2D NMR spectroscopy methods.
Multigram‐scale concise synthesis of the ring A of bilirubin and related compounds
Authors: Chen Fapu , Gong Jingxu , Chen Fakai , Luo Zhanglong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA multigram‐scale concise synthesis of the ring A of bilirubin, a pyrrolinone bearing a vinyl group, was achieved, from cheap and available cis‐2‐butene‐1,4‐diol in 40% overall yield in four steps. The key step involved the intramolecular cyclization of aldehyde with amide and the rearrangement of the ethylidene group.