bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS KUALITAS SOAL PREDIKSI UJIAN NASONAL BAHASA INGGRIS HASIL KERJA PESERTA DIKLAT TEKNIS SUBSTANTIF UJIAN NASIONAL BAHASA INGGRIS MADRASAH ALIYAH TAHUN 2019
Authors: Wachidun Wachidun 
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Validitas, Reliabilitas, Tingkat Kesukaran, Daya Pembeda, dan Efektivitas Pengecoh soal prediksi Ujian Nasional Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris Hasil Kerja Peserta Diklat Teknis Substantif Ujian Nasional Bahasa Inggris Madrasah Aliyah tahun 2019. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode dokumentasi untuk mendapatkan data yang meliputi soal, kunci jawaban, kisi-kisi soal dan lembar jawab siswa. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ditinjau dari: (1) Validitas, soal yang valid berjumlah 22 butir (44%), dan tidak valid 28 butir (56%). (2) Reliabilitas, soal memiliki Reliabilitas tinggi dengan koefisien Reliabilitas sebesar 0,77 (3) Tingkat Kesukaran, soal yang tergolong sangat sukar berjumlah 3 butir (6%), sukar berjumlah 11 butir (22%), sedang 28 butir (56%), mudah 4 butir (8%), dan sangat mudah 4 butir (8%). (4) Daya Pembeda, butir soal dengan Daya Pembeda sangat jelek 18 butir (36%), Daya Pembeda jelek 4 butir (8%), Daya Pembeda sedang 12 butir (24%), Daya Pembeda baik 12 butir (24%) dan Daya Pembeda sangat baik 4 butir (8%). (5) Efektivitas Pengecoh, Butir soal dengan Efektivitas Pengecoh sangat baik 6 butir (12%), Efektivitas Pengecoh baik 5 butir (10%), Efektivitas Pengecoh buruk 18 butir (26%), dan Efektivitas Pengecoh sangat buruk 21 butir (42%).
This study aims to determine the validity, reliability, level of difficulty, item discrimination, and distracter effectiveness of the prediction of the National Examination for English subjects made by the participants of Substantive Technical Training in the National Madrasah Aliyah English Language Examination in 2019. Data collection methods were carried out using the documentation method to collect the data that includes the test questions, key answers, and student answer sheets. The data analysis technique used is quantitative descriptive technique. The results of this study indicate that in terms of: (1) Validity, valid questions are 22 items (44%), and 28 items are invalid (56%). (2) Reliability, questions have a high reliability with a reliability coefficient of 0.77 (3) Difficulty level, questions that are classified as very difficult amounted to 3 items (6%), difficult amounted to 11 items (22%), moderate were 28 items (56%), easy 4 items (8%), and very easy 4 items (8%). (4) Item discrimination, items with very poor discrimination index are 18 items (36%), poor discrimination index 4 items (8%), moderate discrimination index 12 (24%), good discrimination index 12 (24%) and very good discrimination 4 items (8%). (5) Distracter Effectiveness, items with very good distracter effectiveness are 6 items (12%), the good ones are 5 items (10%), the poor ones are 18 items (26%), and the poorest ones are 21 items (42%) ).
PELATIHAN DAN PENDAMPINGAN PEMBUATAN BLOG INTERAKTIF UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KREATIVITAS GURU PENDIDIKAN AGAMA KRISTEN DI ERA INDUSTRI 4.0
Authors: Ambarita Jenri 
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) Mengetahui proses pelaksanaan kegiatan pelatihan dan pendampingan pembuatan blog interakti; 2) Mengetahui efektivitas pelaksanaan kegiatan pelatihan terhadap peningkatan kreativitas guru melalui pembuatan blog interaktif. Dalam kegiatan ini peneliti menggunakan metode action research yaitu metode yang digunakan dengan cara melakukan kegiatan sambil memecahkan masalah yang dihadapi oleh setiap peserta. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian dilakukan melalui observasi, dokumentasi, pretest dan postest. Data yang diperoleh akan dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis tematik dan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Dari kegiatan penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa proses kegiatan dilaksanakan secara online menggunakan zoom, youtube dan telegram. Proses kegiatan melalui 8 tahapan, yaitu: Pembuakaan, Materi umum, pretest, pelatihan, pendampingan, penugasan, postest, dan penutupan. Kegiatan yang dilaksanakan selama 4 hari dengan melibatkan 214 orang guru PAK telah terlaksana dengan kategori efektif dengan persentase keberhasilan 89,7%.
CoolSkin
Authors: Greiner Andreas , Böckmann Olaf , Weber Simon , Ostermann Martin , Schaefer Micha 
Published: December 2022

The article investigates the dependencies of façade design and construction in the integration of a sustainable solar-powered cooling system based on closed adsorption. The presented work focuses on the possible design variants of the envelope surface of the façade -integrated adsorber. The principle of adsorption cooling is presented and, based on this, architectural options for façade integration are investigated. This is done both constructively and visually. For each variant, the solar gains are summed up and compared with each other. A functionally designed adsorber, similar to a flat plate collector, serves as a reference and starting point for the modifications. It provides the comparative value for the energy evaluation. The modification is limited to the visible surface of the absorber. The texture of the solar adsorbing sheet was changed and the glazing used was replaced by ETFE cushions and by a novel ETFE vacuum panel. Finally, the solar simulation results were integrated into the higher-level system simulation to evaluate the resulting gain in cooling capacity. The results show that the system could generate more than 100 W per installed square metre of adsorber façade. Furthermore, higher solar gains compared to the reference case can be obtained at particular times of the day due to geometry and material changes. However, the modifications always lead to a reduction of the total cooling power. In conclusion, the simulation results reveal that design flexibility is possible, but currently the studied design variants have a lower cooling capacity compared to the solely functionally designed adsorber.
A Pragmatic Study of Apology Strategies in Akan (Twi)
Authors: Anane Job 
Published: December 2022

As human interact with each other there is propensity of stepping on the toes of one another, when this happens it is incumbent on the parties involved to try as much as possible to sort out their differences. One of the most effective ways of breaking this barrier is apologizing. The person apologizing creates the impression that he is remorseful for the harm caused. The purpose of the study is to examine the realization of apology speech act, which inclines to be more situation-dependent and less frequently occurring than other speech acts. It also examines how the patterns of apology strategies are varied in relation to contextual factors (social status, social distance, and severity of offence) as used by the Akan (Twi) speakers. Discourse completion Task (DCT) in a form of interview and role play was chosen for the current study. The researcher created scenes for the DCT that required apologies based on situations occurring in real life. The researcher explained the DCT thoroughly to the participants and told them to put themselves in the situation and render an apology. The findings revealed that some Akan (Twi) speakers acknowledge responsibility, some tried to justify their actions whilst others shift the blame on others. It was revealed that some people also combine different strategies when apologizing.
COLISTIN AGAR; EVALUATION OF A NOVEL DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH TO DETECTION OF COLISTIN RESISTANCE
Authors: Ali Saad , Hussain Wajid , Ahmad Farooq , Afzal Raja Kamran , Mirza Irfan Ali , Sarwar Mariam 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of Colistin agar for detection of Colistin resistance in clinical isolates of MultiDrug Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli.
Study Design: Cross-sectional validation study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Feb to Aug 2019.
Methodology: A total of 100 Multi-Drug Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli in clinical isolates were included. Isolates were identified using Gram stain, Catalase, Oxidase, API 20E, and API 20NE. After approval from the institutional ethical review committee, Colistin susceptibility was determined simultaneously by Colistin agar and Broth Micro Dilution Minimum Inhibitory Concentration method as per CLSI. For susceptibility criteria, EUCAST guidelines were followed. Results were validated with the gold standard test, i.e., Broth Micro Dilution.
Results: Out of 100 Multi-Drug Resistant clinical isolates, the distribution was K. pneumoniae n=60, E.coli n=16, A. baumannii n=11, C. freundii n=8, and E. cloacae n=5. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of Colistin agar for detection of Colistin resistance, keeping Broth Micro Dilution Minimum Inhibitory Concentration method as the gold standard was 96.67%, 97.14%, 93.55%, 98.55%, and 97%, respectively.
Conclusion: Colistin agar has excellent diagnostic accuracy for the detection of colistin resistance with standardized inoculum density. Due to its ease of use, cost-effectiveness, and accurate results, it can be used in lab setups deficient in manpower and advanced equipment for Broth Micro Dilution or genetic sequencing.
Red Cell Antibodies Against High Frequency Antigens, A Two Year Experience At A Regional Transfusion Institute
Authors: Khurshid Ayesha , Alam Maqbool , Mahmood Asad , Khan Aysha , Khan Nabeela , Yazdani Sajid 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To assess the clinicohaematological presentation and outcome of patients with antibodies to high frequency antigen(HFA) in our setup.Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Transfusion, Rawalpindi, from Jan 2016 to Jan 2018.
Methodology: We diagnosed 29 cases of uncommon red cell antibodies including antibodies to HFA, in a span of two years (2016-2018). Information regarding patient’s age, diagnosis, transfusion history, incompatible cross match and history of pregnancy was obtained. Venous blood sample of 3ml was taken in EDTA for grouping, red cell phenotyping and Direct AntiGlobulin Test (DAT) and 5 ml venous blood was taken for Indirect Antiglobulin Test (IAT), antibody screening and identification. Tube method was used for forward and reverse blood grouping, DAT and IAT. Column Agglutination Technique (CAT) was used for antibody screening, identification and red cell phenotyping.
Results: Out of a total of 29 cases, 24 (83%) were of anti H antibody (Bombay blood group). Rest of 5 (17%) included one each of anti Rh 17, anti Rh 29 (Rh null), anti P1Pk, anti-ENA/WRB and anti P antibodies. Anti H Lectin (Ulexeuropaeus) was used for confirmation of H antigen absence, while rest of antibodies were confirmed by IBGRL Bristol, UK.
Conclusion: The sources of antigen negative blood are family members, rare donor registry, autologous donations and frozen blood banks. Finding compatible blood for patients with an antibody to HFA may be a challenge.
Review of Level III Maternal Care in The Patients of Placenta Previa and Its Optimal Outcome: One-Year Experience at Combined Military Hospital Lahore
Authors: Sajjad Rabia , Ashraf Viqar , Ali Chaudhry Amjad 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To review the cases of placenta previa with its optimal outcome, presented at Combined Military Hospital Lahore.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Combined Military Hospital, Lahore Pakistan, from Jul 2018 to Jun 2019.
Methodology: Total forty-six women, with singleton pregnancy and cephalic presentation were included. Women with placental abruption, having some local cause of antepartum haemorrhage, bleeding disorders, with severe medical disorder were excluded. Doppler ultrasound and MRI pelvis were performed to confirm the placenta previa and morbid adhered placenta (MAP).
Results: Mean age of patients was 31.6 ± 3.5 years. Risk factors like previous scar and curettage was observed in 41 (89.1%) and 15(32.6%) patients respectively. On antenatal examination, placenta previa was diagnosed in 38 patients. Obstetrical hysterectomy was performed in 30 (65.2%) cases whereas lower segment caesarean was performed in 16 (34.7%) cases.
Conclusion: Placenta previa is leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Tremendous increase in the cesarean section rate is responsible for increased frequency of abnormally implanted placenta and such cases should be managed at tertiary care hospital to get optimal outcome.
Histopathological Evaluationof Appendectomy Specimens in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Noreen Fozia , Ghazal Lubna , Ambreen Salma , Malik Tariq Masood , Iqbal Anjum , Tehseen Tahira 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To find out the histopathological findings in appendectomy specimens, negative appendectomy rate (NAR) and the association of gender and age groups which underwent negative appendectomies in our set up.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: POF Hospital, Wah Cantt, from Jan to Aug 2017.
Methodology: The records of 1050 patients were assessed for the relevant clinical history, age, gender and date of their presentation in hospital. The appendectomy specimens were classified as positive specimens which contained fecoliths, worms, granulomatous inflammation, foreign body reaction, mucocele, or appendiceal tumors. All the data were entered and analyzed in SPSS-21.
Results: Among the 1050 patients with suspicion of acute appendicitis, 458 (43.6%) were cases of acute appendicitis followed by acute suppurative appendicitis 100 (9.5%) and fecolith 79 (7.5%) in appendiceal lumen. The negative appendectomy rate was calculated as 248 (23.6%). A significant association of normal appendices was found with female gender (p=0.002) and young age group (p=0.02).
Conclusion: Acute appendicitis was the most frequent histopathological finding in our study. The negative appendectomy rate was significantly associated with the females of young age.
Prevalence of Blood Group A2 in Northern Pakistan
Authors: Yazdani Muhammad Sajid , Khalid Zeeshan , Rathore Muhammad Ali , Fatimah Sarah 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To determine the prevalence of A1 and A2 subgroups of blood group A in healthy blood donors of northern Pakistan.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Transfusion, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Sep to Dec 2017.
Methodology: The blood samples of donors reported during the study period at Armed Forces Institute of Transfusion were collected. ABO typing was performed and those in group A and AB were further subtyped using anti-A1 lectin and thus the individuals were labelled as A1 (and A1B) or A2 (and A2B). The serum of individuals with groups A2 and A2B was tested for anti-A1 based on the reaction with A1 red cells.
Results: Out of total 4485 donors, 1116 (24.88%) were of blood group A and 422 (9.41%) individuals were of AB group. Out of 146 (13.08%) individuals among 1116 blood group A donors were of subgroup A2. While out of 422 of blood group AB, 80 (18.95%) were A2B. 21 (14.38%) out of 146 individuals of A2 blood group, had anti-A1 antibody while among 80 individuals with A2B blood group only 2 (2.50%) had anti-A1 antibody in their serum.
Conclusion: Blood group A2 is quite prevalent in our population. Although anti-A1 is present in significant fraction of A2 blood group individuals, the routine testing is not needed to identify the A2 group and cross match compatibility is the only requirement as anti-A1 is rarely active at 37° C.
Association of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Rafique Babar , Amir Muhammad , Khaskheli Abdul Jabbar , Arshad Abdul Rehman , Aslam Ayaz , Irfan Muhammad 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To determine the association of type 2 diabetes mellitus with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.
Study Design: Case control study.
Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Peshawar Pakistan, from Jun 2017 to Jun 2018.
Methodology: After fulfilling the inclusion criteria, 190 patients were enrolled in the study and divided into two equal groups. The patients of either gender with positive anti-hepatitis C antibodies/PCR for HCV, ribonucleic acid (RNA) were included as cases and apparently healthy individuals reporting for blood donation were included as controls. Plasma glucose was tested by hexokinase enzymatic method using Advia 1800 after 8 hours fast. Then the association between the two major diseases was observed.
Results: Patients in the case and control groups had the mean age of 40.26 ± 8.05 and 40.29 ± 8.89 years respectively whereas body mass index in the case group was 26.60 ± 1.67 kg/m2 and 26.05 ± 1.49 kg/m2 in the control group. Mean duration of HCV infection was 7.03 ± 2.21 months in the case group. Mean serum ALT level was 46.81 ± 7.25 U/L in the case group and 28.43 ± 4.66 U/L in the control group. A total of 76.8% of patients in case group had been treated for HCV infection previously. Type 2 diabetes was seen in 38 (40%) cases and 19 (20%) controls (Odd Ratio=2.60; p=0.002).
Conclusion: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is more frequent amongst HCV positive patients as compared to HCV negative patients.
Association of Abnormal Coagulation Tests in Dengue Fever with Clinical Outcomes of The Patients
Authors: Irshad Zareen , Jaffar Nazish , Zehra Talat , Zeeshan Faiza , Tashfeen Sunila , Sheikh Asma 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To assess the coagulation test abnormalities (prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and fibrin degradation products) in dengue fever patients and its impact on clinical outcomes of the patient.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Hematology Department, Pakistan Naval Ship Shifa Hospital, Karachi Pakistan, from Aug 2016 to Feb 2017.
Methodology: A total of 135, serologically proven positive dengue-infected IgM cases, based on enzyme-linked immunesorbent assay, were included in the study. Prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and fibrin degradation products levels were measured on STA Compact Max® (STAGO) and SysmexCA-1500. Clinical Outcomes of the patient were noted.
Results: At the time of admission, elevated prothrombin time was observed in 8(5.6%) cases and remained high at the time of discharge (p-value 0.008). Elevated activated partial thromboplastin time was observed in 57 (42.2%) cases at admission whereas, at discharge, it was observed in 56 (41.5%) cases. Increased level (>5) of fibrin degradation products was seen in 30 (22.2%) cases while at the time of discharge increased level of fibrin degradation products was observed in 25 (18.5%) cases (pvalue 0.007). Out of 135 patients, mortality was observed in two cases and the remaining 133 (98.52%) survived and were discharged.
Conclusion: In conclusion, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and fibrin degradation products can be labeled as early predictors of disease severity and their derangements are associated with clinical outcome in dengue infection.
Comparison of Effect of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter-2 (SGLT-2) Inhibitors with Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Inhibitors on HBA1c Level in Type 2 Diabetes in Pakistani Population
Authors: Amir Misbah ul Qamar Muhammad , Sumreen Tahira , Khan Andaleeb , Butt Kamil Rehman , Ali Ejaz , Rehman Ayesha 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To compare the effect of SGLT-2 inhibitors with DPP-4 inhibitors as the add on therapy to Metformin on HBA1c level in type 2 diabetes patients in Pakistani population.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Sialkot, Pakistan from Nov to Apr 2020.
Methodology: The study population comprised of 300 type-II diabetes patients with poorly controlled diabetes on Metformin managed at Combined Military Hospital Sialkot, Pakistan. Patients were divided into two groups via lottery method. GroupA received the SGLT-2 inhibitors at standard dose while group-B received the DPP-4 inhibitors at the usual standard does as recommended by the consultant medical specialist. Values of glycosylated hemoglobin were compared three months after the start of study.
Results: Mean age of the patients was 44.31 ± 5.841 years. Mean duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the study participants was 4.18 ± 6.369 years. HBA1c after three months of treatment in the SGLT-2 inhibitors-group was 7.01 ± 0.14 mmol/L while in the DPP-4 inhibitors-group was 7.89 ± 0.99 mmol/L. Difference between the two groups was statistically significant (pvalue <0.01). The result showed SGLT-2 inhibitors as the better option for add on therapy to Metformin as compared to DPP-4 inhibitors.
Conclusion: SGLT-2 inhibitors emerged as better option to lower the HBA1c level as compared to DPP-4 inhibitors as the add on therapy to Metformin as there was statistically significant difference in HBA1c levels after three months of therapy in both the groups.
Perinatal Stroke; Risk Factors and Outcome. A Study from Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi
Authors: Baloch Fozia , Abro Falak , Khalid Qurat-Ul-Ain , Chand Prem 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency, risk factors and the outcomes of a perinatal stroke.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi Pakistan, from Jan to Dec 2019.
Methodology: Neonates with perinatal stroke confirmed on the neuroimaging, were included in the study. The primary outcomes were risk factors, divided into 3 groups, maternal, placental and neonatal. The secondary outcome was the condition at the time of the discharge.
Results: A total of 58 patients were included in the study. Maternal risk factors identified in the study, were intrauterine infections 10 (17.2%), anti-phospholipid syndrome, gestational diabetes 8 (13.8%) and preeclampsia 7 (12.1%). Chorioamnionitis 9 (15.5%), antepartum hemorrhage 6 (10.3%), and placenta previa 4 (6.9%) were the placental risk factors. Neonatal risk factors were birth asphyxia 35 (60.3%), sepsis/meningitis 8 (13.8%), premature birth 6 (10.3%) and fetal bradycardia 4 (6.9%). Resuscitation was needed in 35 (60.3%) neonates with birth asphyxia. Haemorrhagic stroke was observed in 38 (65.5%) cases, ischemic stroke in 14 (24.1%) cases and mixed type of stroke was found in 6 (10.3%) patients. The total mortality rate in our study was13.8%.
Conclusion: Haemorrhagic stroke was more common than ischemic or mixed stroke among the patients of perinatal stroke at our healthcare facility. Patients with low APGAR score at 5 minutes, birth asphyxia and male gender, were most affected.