bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The favela effect: Spatial inequalities and firm strategies in disadvantaged urban communities
Authors: Pongeluppe Leandro S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractResearch summaryE‐commerce firms make fewer products available and charge higher delivery prices to customers inside Brazilian favelas than they do to customers immediately outside favelas, despite the absence of infrastructure impediments at the favela borders. This phenomenological study uses mixed methods to investigate firm heterogeneity in these practices. The analysis shows that some firms treat favela consumers more equitably than their competitors. These firms (i) invest in physical stores inside and outside favelas, which are complementary to their online marketplaces, and (ii) engage genuinely with employees and consumers, which reflects their stakeholder orientation. By examining how firms operate in disadvantaged communities, scholars can enrich core theoretical constructs in strategic management, particularly by integrating insights from the fields of critical geography and urban economics.Managerial summaryThis study investigates whether firms operate differently in disadvantaged communities compared to co‐located nondisadvantaged areas. Findings show that operations in disadvantaged communities, such as favelas (Brazilian urban slums), demand specific investments that support transactions and contribute to realizing the underdeveloped potential of those communities. Firms succeed in commercial endeavors within disadvantaged communities by redeploying their resources and cultivating a stakeholder culture concomitantly. This strategy enables superior performance and the change‐making of structural inequalities to help alleviate poverty and develop urban communities.
Evaluation of anisotropic mechanical behaviour of 316L parts realized by metal fused filament fabrication using digital image correlation
Authors: Pellegrini Alessandro , Palmieri Maria Emanuela , Guerra Maria Grazia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecently, metals have been processed with fused filament fabrication (FFF) printers, in the form of mixture of metal powder and a polymeric binder. This new area of additive manufacturing is called metal-fused filament fabrication (metal FFF), and it is characterized by several advantages: low cost of manufacturing for small batches, ease of use, lower cost of energy and lower risks compared to the main metal additive manufacturing technologies. Being a novel technique, it is of great importance to understand the mechanical behaviour of the fabricated parts to reach the potential applications. In this work, the mechanical response of parts printed by metal FFF was analysed by means of digital image correlation (DIC) technique. This latter allowed to better highlight the anisotropic mechanical behaviour of the FFF parts when varying some 3D printing parameters, such as building orientation and number of wall layers and enabled a complete characterization of material useful for numerical calculation and finite element analysis. With this aim, 316L stainless steel filament and a consumer 3D printer were used for the fabrication of tensile test specimens. Three different building orientations and three different numbers of wall layers were evaluated. Results obtained from the tensile tests conducted with the DIC system highlighted the anisotropy of the strain behaviour when varying building orientation and printing strategy. More in details, flatwise and sideways configurations returned higher values of tensile strength, elongation at break and Poisson’s ratio compared to upright one, while the increase of number of wall layers, in some cases, caused a decrease of the mechanical properties.
Choice models in Nordic long-term care: care managers' experiences of privilege and disadvantage among older adults
Authors: Erlandsson Sara , Brodin Helene , Graff Lea , Karsio Olli 
Published: May 2022

AbstractConsumer choice models have been introduced in eldercare services in several Western welfare societies. Choice models in eldercare emphasise the importance of individuals’ abilities to make informed choices and therefore entail a risk for increased inequalities among older adults with care needs. In the Nordic countries, such inequality risks are in stark contrast to universal policy ambitions of equal access to care services. Care managers, who are responsible for needs assessment for eldercare services, have a central role in implementing policies and, thus, have first-hand experience of their impact on older adults’ access to care. The aim of this study was to explore care managers’ experiences of how user choice affects older adults’ access to care services in three Nordic cities: Copenhagen, Tampere, and Stockholm. These cities were purposely selected as forerunners in marketisation, with different ways of implementing choice models. Semi-structured interviews with care managers were conducted in Copenhagen, Tampere, and Stockholm and analysed thematically. The findings indicate there are difficulties related to older adults’ ability to access information needed to make informed choices, as well as limitations in choice related to available services and personal finances. Further, care managers find that older adults’ abilities to overcome these difficulties are shaped by their health, education, language skills, and assistance from relatives. In order to reduce the risk of choice models increasing the gap between older adults with different resources and capabilities, there is a need to develop accessible information, as well as models for professional guidance.
Heterogenität in motivationalen Entwicklungsverläufen in Mathematik und Deutsch in Abhängigkeit von Schulform und Geschlecht
Authors: Gaspard Hanna , Nagengast Benjamin , Trautwein Ulrich , Jaekel Ann-Kathrin , Göllner Richard 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Motivationsforschung zeigt konsistent eine Abnahme der Motivation mit zunehmendem Alter sowie Geschlechterunterschiede in der Motivation für verschiedene Schulfächer. Weniger erforscht wurde bislang, wie solche Unterschiede mit der besuchten Schulform zusammenhängen. In dieser Studie wurde daher Heterogenität in Fähigkeitsselbstkonzept und Wertüberzeugungen in Mathematik und Deutsch in Abhängigkeit von Jahrgangsstufe, Geschlecht und Schulform untersucht. Hierzu wurden Schülerinnen und Schüler (N = 8080) der Jahrgangsstufen 5 bis 10 an Gymnasien, Realschulen und Gemeinschaftsschulen in Baden-Württemberg zwei Mal im Abstand eines Schuljahres befragt. Schülerinnen und Schüler in höheren Jahrgangsstufen berichteten geringere Ausprägungen im Fähigkeitsselbstkonzept und in den Wertüberzeugungen. Zudem fanden sich Geschlechterunterschiede zugunsten der Jungen in Mathematik und zugunsten der Mädchen in Deutsch. Unter Kontrolle der Leistungen und des familiären Hintergrundes zeigten Schülerinnen und Schüler an weniger selektiven Schulformen höhere Ausprägungen in Fähigkeitsselbstkonzept und Wertüberzeugungen als Schülerinnen und Schüler am Gymnasium. Zudem variierten Jahrgangsstufen- und Geschlechterunterschiede zwischen Schulformen, was auf deren Bedeutsamkeit als Lern- und Entwicklungsmilieu in Bezug auf die Motivation der Schülerinnen und Schüler verweist.
An approximation to determine the source of the WOW! Signal
Authors: Caballero Alberto 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper it is analysed which of the thousands of stars in the WOW! Signal region could have the highest chance of being the real source of the signal, providing that it came from a star system similar to ours. A total of 66 G and K-type stars are sampled, but only one of them is identified as a potential Sun-like star considering the available information in the Gaia Archive. This candidate source, which is named 2MASS 19281982-2640123, therefore becomes an ideal target to conduct observations in the search for techno-signatures. Another two candidate stars have a luminosity error interval that includes the luminosity of the Sun, and 14 candidates more are also identified as potential Sun-like stars, but the estimations on their luminosity were unknown.
Dual Influence of Climate Change and Anthropogenic Activities on the Spatiotemporal Vegetation Dynamics Over the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau From 1981 to 2015
Authors: Wei Yanqiang , Lu Haiyan , Wang Jinniu , Wang Xufeng , Sun Jian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractClimate change and human activities have already caused degradation in a large fraction of vegetation on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau (QTP). Many studies report that climate variability instead of overgrazing has been the primary cause for large‐scale vegetation cover changes on the QTP, for example, Lehnert et al., 2016, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep24367. However, it remains unclear how human activities (mainly livestock grazing) regulate vegetation dynamics under climate change. This paper takes the AVHRR/GIMMS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) as an indicator to analyze the growth status of vegetation zones in the QTP, which has highly sensitive to climate change. The spatiotemporal dynamics of vegetation growth between 1981 and 2015 were analyzed. The dual effects of climate change and human activities were examined by correlation analyses of data from 87 meteorological stations and economic statistical data of the QTP. Results show that: (a) The vegetation in central and southwestern QTP with high altitudes was improving due to the warm‐humid climate trend. An increase in temperature and a reduction in the harsh frigid climate at high altitudes due to global warming has resulted in expansions of the vegetated areas, with the NDVI showing a concordant increase. (b) The degraded areas were mainly confined to the northern and eastern QTP, which have high human and livestock population densities. In comparison to gently changing climate regimes, anthropogenic activities such as chronic concentration of population and livestock in the valleys with a less harsh climate exerts a much stronger pressure on vegetation. The study indicates that the anthropogenic pressures are much more intensive than the impact of climate change and are critical for the conservation and sustainable management of the QTP vegetation.
Phytoplankton Bloom in the Gulf of Elat/Aqaba: Physical Versus Ecological Forcing
Authors: Berman Hadar , Gildor Hezi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPhytoplankton bloom in the Gulf of Elat/Aqaba (the Gulf) was studied before, mainly using one‐dimensional models and observations from the northern Gulf. Thus, the spatial variability within the Gulf and the contribution of physical processes such as horizontal advection to the bloom have not yet been studied. Moreover, various factors such as the effect of light limitation on phytoplankton growth in the Gulf are still debated. Here, we used a three‐dimensional coupled physical‐ecological model for the Gulf to study the mechanisms for phytoplankton bloom throughout the Gulf. We found the southern surface bloom to be higher than the northern surface bloom. In contrast, southern integrated bloom is lower than the northern integrated bloom. These differences result from spatial variations in the mixed layer depth, which is much deeper in the northern Gulf compared with the south. Moreover, horizontal advection controls phytoplankton integrated biomass during the northern bloom, a process often neglected when dealing with phytoplankton blooms. Finally, we found that light limits growth in the northern integrated bloom. The results from the northern Gulf are compared to the North Atlantic bloom, while those from the southern Gulf are compared to the bloom in subtropical oceans due to similarities in mixing depth and consequently in nutrient versus light limitation on phytoplankton growth.
Shallow Calcium Carbonate Cycling in the North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Subhas Adam V. , Dong Sijia , Naviaux John D. , Rollins Nick E. , Ziveri Patrizia , Gray William , Rae James W. B. , Liu Xuewu , Byrne Robert H. , Chen Sang , Moore Christopher , Martell‐Bonet Loraine , Steiner Zvi , Antler Gilad , Hu Huanting , Lunstrum Abby , Hou Yi , Kemnitz Nathaniel , Stutsman Johnny , Pallacks Sven , Dugenne Mathilde , Quay Paul D. , Berelson William M. , Adkins Jess F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe cycling of biologically produced calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in the ocean is a fundamental component of the global carbon cycle. Here, we present experimental determinations of in situ coccolith and foraminiferal calcite dissolution rates. We combine these rates with solid phase fluxes, dissolved tracers, and historical data to constrain the alkalinity cycle in the shallow North Pacific Ocean. The in situ dissolution rates of coccolithophores demonstrate a nonlinear dependence on saturation state. Dissolution rates of all three major calcifying groups (coccoliths, foraminifera, and aragonitic pteropods) are too slow to explain the patterns of both CaCO3 sinking flux and alkalinity regeneration in the North Pacific. Using a combination of dissolved and solid‐phase tracers, we document a significant dissolution signal in seawater supersaturated for calcite. Driving CaCO3 dissolution with a combination of ambient saturation state and oxygen consumption simultaneously explains solid‐phase CaCO3 flux profiles and patterns of alkalinity regeneration across the entire N. Pacific basin. We do not need to invoke the presence of carbonate phases with higher solubilities. Instead, biomineralization and metabolic processes intimately associate the acid (CO2) and the base (CaCO3) in the same particles, driving the coupled shallow remineralization of organic carbon and CaCO3. The linkage of these processes likely occurs through a combination of dissolution due to zooplankton grazing and microbial aerobic respiration within degrading particle aggregates. The coupling of these cycles acts as a major filter on the export of both organic and inorganic carbon to the deep ocean.
Circumpolar Variations in the Chaotic Nature of Southern Ocean Eddy Dynamics
Authors: Hogg Andrew McC. , Penduff Thierry , Close Sally E. , Dewar William K. , Constantinou Navid C. , Martínez‐Moreno Josué 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCirculation in the Southern Ocean is unique. The strong wind stress forcing and buoyancy fluxes, in concert with the lack of continental boundaries, conspire to drive the Antarctic Circumpolar Current replete with an intense eddy field. The effect of Southern Ocean eddies on the ocean circulation is significant—they modulate the momentum balance of the zonal flow, and the meridional transport of tracers and mass. The strength of the eddy field is controlled by a combination of forcing (primarily thought to be wind stress) and intrinsic, chaotic, variability associated with the turbulent flow field itself. Here, we present results from an eddy‐permitting ensemble of ocean model simulations to investigate the relative contribution of forced and intrinsic processes in governing the variability of Southern Ocean eddy kinetic energy. We find that variations of the eddy field are mostly random, even on longer (interannual) timescales. Where correlations between the wind stress forcing and the eddy field exist, these interactions are dominated by two distinct timescales—a fast baroclinic instability response; and a multi‐year process owing to feedback between bathymetry and the mean flow. These results suggest that understanding Southern Ocean eddy dynamics and its larger‐scale impacts requires an ensemble approach to eliminate intrinsic variability, and therefore may not yield robust conclusions from observations alone.
7000-year-old evidence of fruit tree cultivation in the Jordan Valley, Israel
Authors: Langgut Dafna , Garfinkel Yosef 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study provides one of the earliest examples of fruit tree cultivation worldwide, demonstrating that olive (Olea europaea) and fig (Ficus carica) horticulture was practiced as early as 7000 years ago in the Central Jordan Valley, Israel. It is based on the anatomical identification of a charcoal assemblage recovered from the Chalcolithic (7200–6700 cal. BP) site of Tel Tsaf. Given the site’s location outside the wild olive’s natural habitat, the substantial presence of charred olive wood remains at the site constitutes a strong case for horticulture. Furthermore, the occurrence of young charred fig branches (most probably from pruning) may indicate that figs were cultivated too. One such branch was14C dated, yielding an age of ca. 7000 cal. BP. We hypothesize that established horticulture contributed to more elaborate social contracts and institutions since olive oil, table olives, and dry figs were highly suitable for long-distance trade and taxation.
Patterns of Use and Self-reported Effectiveness of Cannabis for Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Authors: First Olivia K. , MacGibbon Kimber W. , Cahill Catherine M. , Cooper Ziva D. , Gelberg Lillian , Cortessis Victoria K. , Mullin Patrick M. , Fejzo Marlena S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction There is limited research on effective treatment of Hyperemesis Gravidarum (HG), the most extreme version of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP). This paper
examines current patterns of use and self-reported effectiveness of cannabis/cannabis-based products (CBP) to treat HG.
Materials/Methods The study employed a 21-question survey to gather information on demographics, antiemetic prescription use, and experience with cannabis/CBPs among individuals who
experienced extreme nausea and vomiting or HG during their pregnancy. Age-adjusted unconditional logistic regression was used to compare odds of symptom relief and weight gain between
respondents who used prescription antiemetics and those who used cannabis.
Results Of the 550 survey respondents, 84% experienced weight loss during pregnancy; 96% reported using prescription antiemetics and 14% reported cannabis use for HG. Most
respondents reported using cannabis/CBPs (71%) because their prescribed antiemetics were self-reported to be ineffective. More than half of cannabis/CBP users reported using products daily
or multiple times per day (53%), primarily via smoke inhalation (59%), and mainly either delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) only or THC dominant preparations (57%). Eighty-two percent of
cannabis/CBP users reported symptom relief, compared to 60% of prescription antiemetic users. Among patients who reported weight loss during pregnancy, 56% of cannabis users reported gaining
weight within two weeks of treatment, compared to 25% of prescription antiemetic users.
Conclusions Respondents reported using cannabis primarily because prescribed medications were self-reported to be ineffective. Although the survey approach has inherent limitations
so results should be interpreted with caution, in this sample, cannabis was self-reported to be more effective than prescription medications in alleviating HG symptoms and enabling pregnancy
weight gain. Therefore, depending on the safety profiles, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials of cannabis compared to other antiemetics are warranted to determine whether
cannabinoids may provide an effective alternative treatment for HG.
Antibody Response and Maternofetal Antibody Transfer in SARS-CoV-2-Positive Pregnant Women: A Multicenter Observational Study
Authors: Enengl Sabine , Pecks Ulrich , Oppelt Peter , Stelzl Patrick , Trautner Philip Sebastian , Shebl Omar , Lamprecht Bernd , Longardt Ann Carolin , Eckmann-Scholz Christel , Keil Corinna , Mand Nadine , von Kaisenberg Constantin Sylvius , Jegen Magdalena , Doppler Stefan , Lastinger Julia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction Awareness of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women and the potential risk for infection of their neonates is increasing. The aim of this study was to examine the immune
status of affected women and evaluate the dynamics of placental antibody transfer.
Materials and Methods The study included 176 women with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy who delivered between April 2020 and December 2021 at eight obstetric maternity sites.
Demographic data, maternal and neonatal characteristics were summarized. Antibody testing for IgA and IgG in maternal blood sera and umbilical cord samples was evaluated and IgG transfer
ratios were calculated. Values were related to the time of infection during pregnancy and birth.
Results The percentage of IgG positive women increased from 29.0% (95% CI 23.8 – 37.8) at presentation with a positive PCR test result to 75.7% (95% CI 71.6 – 79.8), the percentage
of IgG positive umbilical cord blood samples increased from 17.1% (95% CI 13.0 – 21.3) to 76.4% (95% CI 72.2 – 80.7) at more than six weeks after infection. Regression lines differed
significantly between maternal and fetal IgG responses (p < 0.0001). Newborns react with a latency of about one week; umbilical cord blood antibody concentrations are highly correlated
with maternal concentration levels (ρ = 0.8042; p < 0.0001). IgG transplacental transfer ratios were dependent on infection-to-birth interval. Two of the umbilical cord blood samples
tested positive for IgA.
Conclusions These findings confirm vertical SARS-CoV-2 transmission is rare; however, antibodies are transferred to the fetus soon after infection during pregnancy. Since
transplacental antibody transfer might have a protective value for neonatal immunization this information may be helpful when counseling affected women.
Übermäßiges Körpergewicht und Krebsrisiko
Authors: Scherübl Hans 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungÜbermäßiges Körpergewicht (ÜKG) stellt derzeit die zweitwichtigste vermeidbare Krebsursache in Deutschland dar. Für viele Karzinome ist eine Dosis-Wirkungs-Beziehung belegt, d. h. je ausgeprägter das ÜKG, desto größer ist das Krebsrisiko. Bedenklich: Etwa 60 % der erwachsenen Bundesbürger weisen ein ÜKG auf und mehr als 23 % sind adipös. Mittlerweile sind von ÜKG-assoziierten Tumoren immer öfter 20–40-Jährige betroffen.
X-ray nanodiffraction imaging reveals distinct nanoscopic dynamics of an ultrafast phase transition
Authors: Ahn Youngjun , Cherukara Mathew J. , Cai Zhonghou , Bartlein Michael , Zhou Tao , DiChiara Anthony , Walko Donald A. , Holt Martin , Fullerton Eric E. , Evans Paul G. , Wen Haidan 
Published: May 2022

Significance
Phase transitions, the changes between states of matter with distinct electronic, magnetic, or structural properties, are at the center of condensed matter physics and underlie valuable technologies. First-order phase transitions are intrinsically heterogeneous. When driven by ultrashort excitation, nanoscale phase regions evolve rapidly, which has posed a significant experimental challenge to characterize. The newly developed laser-pumped X-ray nanodiffraction imaging technique reported here has simultaneous 100-ps temporal and 25-nm spatial resolutions. This approach reveals pathways of the nanoscale structural rearrangement upon ultrafast optical excitation, different from those transitions under slowly varying parameters. The spatiotemporally resolved structural characterization provides crucial nanoscopic insights into ultrafast phase transitions and opens opportunities for controlling nanoscale phases on ultrafast time scales.
Structural insights into Ras regulation by SIN1
Authors: Zheng Yuyuan , Ding Lei , Meng Xianhui , Potter Meg , Kearney Alison L. , Zhang Jie , Sun Jie , James David E. , Yang Guang , Zhou Chun 
Published: May 2022

SignificanceBoth the mTORC2 and Ras-ERK pathways respond to growth factor stimulation and play critical roles in cell growth and proliferation, disarray of these pathways leads to many diseases, especially cancer. These two signaling pathways crosstalk at many levels; recently it's become clear that the SIN1 component of mTORC2 could interact with Ras family small GTPases, but how these two proteins interact at the molecular level and the functional outcomes of this interaction remain to be addressed. In this work we determined the high-resolution structure of Ras-SIN1 complexes and revealed the detailed interaction mechanism. We also showed that Ras-SIN1 association inhibits insulin-induced ERK activation. Insights from this work could improve our understanding of the disease-causing mechanism of errant mTORC2 or Ras proteins.