bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A dielectric Kinoform zone plate with 15 nm resolution and high efficiency for soft X-ray optics
Authors: Tong Xujie , Chen Yifang , Mu Chengyang , Chen Qiucheng , Zhang Xiangzhi , Zeng Guang , Li Yu-Chun , Xu Zijian , Zhao Jun , Zhen Xiangjun , Mao Chengwen , Lu Hongliang , Tai Renzhong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
X-ray microscope as an important nanoprobing tool is expected to play a powerful role in nano-inspections of materials. Despite the fast advances of high resolution focusing/imaging reported, the diffraction efficiency of existing binary zone plates as the lenses in the microscope is mostly around 5% in practice and rapidly goes down to 1-2% when the resolution approaches 10 nm, failing its applications in advanced scientific research. Zone plates with Kinoform profile are supposed to be high efficient, little progress for achieving both high resolution and high efficiency has been reported. The conflict between the resolution and the efficiency in X ray optics has become a long-lasting bottleneck in the further development of X-ray microscope. Based on our earlier success in developing high efficiency Kinoform zone plates by greyscale electron beam lithography, we proposed, in this work, a new zone plate structure by combing a dielectric Kinoform zone plate with an atomic layer deposited HfO2 zone plate to achieve high resolution focusing/imaging with high efficiency. Beam propagation method was applied in designing and optimizing Kinoform shapes of the zones, greyscale and/or binary electron beam lithography was carried out for generating both 3D Kinoform as well as rectangular zones with aspect ratio of 23/1 in dielectric resist, and finally high-quality atomic layer deposition of HfO2 was conducted to form the 15-nm wide outermost zone. Optical characterizations by an in-house developed soft X ray microscope demonstrated 15-nm resolution focusing/imaging with over 7% efficiency, which is the highest with such a resolution as far as our awareness. The origin of such an improvement behind the proposed novel lenses is interpreted by our BMP calculation results and the comparisons with existing performances by other reports in literature was discussed.
Effect of Mouthwashes on the Force Decay of Orthodontic Elastomeric Chains: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Castelló Carolina Andrés , Zamora-Martínez Natalia , Paredes-Gallardo Vanessa , Tarazona-Álvarez Beatriz 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Orthodontic elastomeric chains are used in many orthodontic treatments. However, their activation or the action of external factors such as the daily use of mouthwashes can contribute to the increase of force decay causing a loss of effectiveness. The objective of this systematic review and a meta-analysis was to analyse the influence of the most widely used mouthwashes and their mainly components on the force decay of the orthodontic elastomeric chains.Material and Methods: A systematic search of the literature was performed in the electronic databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), Scopus, EMBASE and Web of Science, as well as grey literature (Opengrey). No limit was placed on publication year and research was done up to June 2021. Controlled clinical trials, randomized clinical trials (RCTs), cohort studies, case–control studies, cross-sectional studies, multicentre studies, and in vitro studies were there was an exposure of orthodontic elastomeric chains to certain mouthwashes and their main components were included. For the quantitative analysis, studies were analysed with a mixed-effect (random effect) meta-regresion model, with beta coefficients and R2 values. I2 index and Q and Egger tests were used to find heterogeneity among studies. Results: 14 articles met the inclusion criteria and were selected for qualitative analysis. The same 14 articles were selected for the quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis). The results of the meta-analysis showed that, in general, all the mouthwashes were associated with a greater force decay than the control agents at 24 hours, at 7, 14, 21 and at 28 days. When comparing the different mouthwashes, the results showed that at 7 days (p=0.005) significant differences were found in the force decay among them. Mouthwashes containing alcohol had a significantly higher percentage of degradation than those containing chlorhexidine 0.2%, sodium fluoride (NaF) or Persica. On the contrary, in the measurements performed at 24 hours (p=0.200), 14 days (p=0.076), 21 days (p=0.120) and 28 days (p=0.778) no differences in the strength among the different mouthwashes were found.Conclusion: In general, mouthwashes tend to increase the speed of force decay and have a negative impact in the physical properties of orthodontic elastomeric chains, resulting in a loss of effectiveness. For mouthwashes such as Listerine® and those containing alcohol this difference can be higher than for mouthwashes containing chlorhexidine, NaF or bleaching agents.
Clinical value of YKL-40 in patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis: a cross-sectional study and a systematic review
Authors: Cui Beibei , Chen Yuehong , Luo Fengming , Lin Sang , Liu Huan , Huang Yupeng , Zhou Yueyuan , Tian Yunru , Yin Geng , Xie Qibing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction: We performed a cross-sectional study to investigate the clinical usefulness of YKL-40 in patients with dermatomyositis (DM) and conducted a systematic review to summarize the clinical value of YKL-40 in patients with polymyositis (PM)/DM.Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study and a systematic review were performed to study the clinical value of YKL-40 in patients with PM/DM. In the cross-sectional study, a total of 65 DM patients with mean age 47.71 years and 30 healthy controls with mean age 47.73 years were included. Serum YKL-40 level was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and its association with clinical and laboratory parameters was analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis. The diagnostic value of serum YKL-40 in patients with DM was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. In the systematic review, electronic databases of OVID Embase, OVID Medline, and web of science were searched to collect studies that reported clinical use of YKL-40 in patients with PM/DM. Results: In the cross-sectional study, serum YKL-40 level was higher in patients with DM than in healthy controls (median [interquartile range]: 84.09 [52.72–176.4] ng/mL vs 27.37 [12.30–53.58] ng/mL, p<0.0001). Serum levels of YKL-40 were associated with the course of DM (r=-0.469, p<0.001), CRP (r=0.303, p=0.043), CK (r=0.263, p=0.037), and global disease activity (r=0.628, p<0.001). The area under the ROC curve was 0.835 (95% confidence interval 0.751–0.920). In the systematic review, a total of 4 studies were included with moderate to high quality. Serum level of YKL-40 has the possibility for diagnosing PM/DM, identifying PM/DM patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) or rapid progress ILD, and predicting death.Conclusion: Serum YKL-40 level is a possible useful biomarker for PM/DM diagnosis and may be used to predict prognosis.
Toll interacting protein (TOLLIP) increases in fibrotic lung tissue of connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease and is associated with clinical outcome
Authors: Cui Beibei , Li Shuang , Lyu Xiafei , Cai Shenyang , Zou Yan , Jiang Lili 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective
There is a lack of Toll interacting protein (TOLLIP) histological data in the lung tissue of patients with connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD). We aim to demonstrate the features of TOLLIP expression in the lung tissue of CTD-ILD patients and to associate TOLLIP expression with polymorphisms and clinical characteristics.
Methods
Sixteen patients diagnosed with CTD-ILD who underwent lung transbronchial cryobiopsy (TBCB) at our institution between 2015 and 2021 were recruited. TOLLIP was localized in lung TBCB specimens. Rs3750920 was genotyped. Clinical characteristics, CT and pathological scores, and follow-up data were recorded.
Results
TOLLIP expressed in both alveolar and bronchiolar epithelial cells in patients with CTD-ILD. TOLLIP expression significantly increased in fibrotic areas. The distribution of rs3750920 was C/C: 43.7%, C/T:56.3%, T/T: 0%. There was no significant difference in clinical characteristics between C/C and C/T groups. The average follow-up time was 39.61 ± 16.78 months. During the follow-up, the change in G-score of chest thin-section CT (HRCT) was moderately negatively correlated with TOLLIP expression level in alveolar epithelial cells (r=-0.596, P = 0.024) and strongly negatively correlated with TOLLIP expression level in bronchiolar epithelial cells (r=-0.739, P = 0.004).
Conclusions
TOLLIP might play an important role in the regulation of pulmonary fibrosis in CTD-ILD. Patients with higher TOLLIP expression show greater improvement of ground glass opacity on HRCT, which implies TOLLIP expression is associated with prognosis. Further research is warranted to reveal the pathophysiologic mechanisms of TOLLIP in CTD, and identify potential therapeutic strategies to mitigate these diseases.
Cervical Cancer Knowledge and Facilitators and Barriers to Screening Among Women in Two Rural Communities in Guatemala: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Bevilacqua Kristin G. , Gottschlich Anna , Murchland Audrey R. , Alvarez Christian S. , Rivera-Andrade Alvaro , Meza Rafael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background Approximately 80% of deaths due to cervical cancer occur in the developing world. In Guatemala, limited access to effective screening and treatment has resulted in an alarmingly high cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates. Despite access to free-of-cost screening women continue to face significant barriers in obtaining screening for cervical cancer. Methods In-depth interviews (N=21) were conducted among women in two rural communities in Guatemala. Qualitative IDIs followed semi-structured guide to explore knowledge related to cervical cancer and barriers and facilitators to cervical cancer screening. Results Cervical cancer knowledge was variable across sites and across women. Women reported barriers to screening including ancillary costs, control by male partners, poor provider communication and systems-level resource constraints. Facilitators to screening included a desire to know one’s own health status, conversations with other women including community health workers and extra-governmental health fairs. Conclusions Findings speak to the many challenges women face in obtaining screening for cervical cancer in their communities as well as existing facilitators. Future interventions must focus on improving cervical cancer-related knowledge as well as mitigating barriers and leveraging facilitators to promote screening.
Improvement in Bladder Function in Children With Functional Constipation After a Bowel Management Program
Authors: Knaus Maria E. , Ahmad Hira , Bourgeois Tran , Dajusta Daniel G. , Wood Richard J. , Fuchs Molly E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose We sought to determine if children with functional constipation (FC) would have an improvement in bladder function with treatment of constipation with a bowel management program (BMP). Methods A single-institution review was performed in children aged 3-18 with FC who underwent a BMP from 2014-2020. Clinical characteristics, bowel management details, and the Vancouver Symptom Score for Dysfunctional Elimination Syndrome (VSS), Baylor Continence Scale (BCS), and Cleveland Clinic Constipation Score (CCCS) were collected. Data were analyzed using linear mixed effect modeling with random intercept.Results 241 patients were included with a median age of 9 years. Most were White (81%) and 47% were female. Univariate tests showed improvement in VSS (-3.6, P<0.0001), BCS (-11.96, P<0.0001), and CCCS (-1.9, P<0.0001) among patients having undergone one BMP. Improvement was noted in VSS and CCCS among those with more than one BMP (VSS: -1.66, P=0.023; CCCS: -2.69, P<0.0001). Multivariate tests indicated undergoing a BMP does result in significant improvement in VSS, BCS, and CCCS (P<0.0001).Conclusions There is significant improvement in bladder function in children with FC who undergo a BMP. For patients with bowel and bladder dysfunction and FC, a BMP is a reasonable treatment strategy for lower urinary tract symptoms.
Noninvasive stimulation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex increases rationality of human decision-making
Authors: Kroker Thomas , Wyczesany Miroslaw , Rehbein Maimu , Roesmann Kati , Wessing Ida , Junghoefer Markus 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The framing-effect is a bias that affects decision-making depending on whether the available options are presented with positive or negative connotations. Even when the outcome of two choices is equivalent, people have a strong tendency to avoid the negatively framed option because losses are perceived about twice as salient as gains of the same amount (i.e. loss-aversion). The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is crucial for rational decision-making, and dysfunctions in this region have been linked to cognitive biases, impulsive behavior and gambling addiction. Using a financial decision-making task in combination with magnetoencephalographic neuroimaging, we show that excitatory compared to inhibitory non-invasive transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the vmPFC reduces framing-effects while improving the assessment of loss-probabilities, ultimately leading to increased overall gains. Behavioral and neural data consistently suggest that this improvement in rational decision-making is predominately a consequence of reduced loss-aversion. These findings recommend further research towards clinical applications of vmPFC-tDCS in addictive disorders.
Genome Sequence of Pineapple Secovirus B, a Second Sadwavirus Reported Infecting Ananas Comosus
Authors: Larrea-Sarmiento Adriana , Geering Andrew D.W. , Olmedo-Velarde Alejandro , Wang Xupeng , Borth Wayne , Matsumoto Tracie K , Suzuki Jon Y , Wall Marisa M. , Melzer Michael J , Moyle Richard , Sharman Murray , Hu John , Thomas John E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The complete genome sequence of a member of a novel species of Sadwavirus (family Secoviridae) infecting pineapple on the island of Oahu, Hawaii was determined by high throughput sequencing. The genome comprised two RNA molecules of 5,956 nt and 3,808 nt in length, excluding the poly-A tails at the 3’ end and each encoding a single large polyprotein. The RNA-1 polyprotein contained five conserved domains, all associated with replication, while the RNA-2 polyprotein is cleaved into the movement protein and coat protein. Analysis of the Pro-Pol region revealed less than 75% amino acid identity with pineapple secovirus A, chocolate lily virus A, and Dioscorea mosaic-associated virus, all members and candidate members of the proposed subgenus Cholivirus. Two specific primer sets derived from HTS data were used in RT-PCR assays, confirming the presence of this new virus infecting pineapple. The name “pineapple secovirus B” is proposed for this putative new virus.
Patterns of premenstrual syndrome in collegiate women: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Morino Saori , Hirata Hinako , Egawa Miho , Matsumoto Daisuke , Yokota Isao , Aoyama Tomoki 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) has a wide variety of symptoms. The classification of these symptoms into several patterns is useful for more effective tailor-made treatment. Therefore, our study aimed to examine the patterns of PMS by analyzing multiple factors to identify the characteristics of each pattern.
Methods
This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 165 women (18.9 ± 1.0 years) was investigated by using of questionnaire about PMS, nutrition, physical activity, and other lifestyle traits. Then, the factor analysis was performed to classify the premenstrual symptoms, that is, the pattern of PMS. Additionally, logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the characteristics of each pattern, adjusted for age, body mass index, sleep duration, and caffeine intake.
Results
As the result, PMS was classified into three patterns. The type related to psychological symptoms such as depression, physiological symptoms such as abdominal pain, and intermingled type were labeled as affected, somatic, and mixed types, respectively. From the result of logistic regression analysis, self-rating depression scale scoring was marginally associated with affective type (p = 0.067), physical activity was significantly associated with the mixed type (p = 0.049), and physical activity (OR = 0.006) and some nutrients (OR = 0.015–0.041) were significantly associated with the somatic type.
Conclusions
To understand of PMS and management of these complicated symptoms has been difficult. From the results of this study, the complicated symptoms were categorized into simpler patterns. Our findings may contribute to the understanding and possible management adjusted for each categorized case of PMS.
Feasibility and Application of Machine Learning Enabled Fast Screening of Poly-Beta- Amino-Esters for Cartilage Therapies
Authors: Perni Stefano , Prokopovich Polina 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Despite the large prevalence of diseases affecting cartilage (with knee osteoarthritis affecting 16% of population globally), no curative treatments are available because of the limited capacity of drugs to localise in such tissues caused by the low vascularisation and electrostatic repulsion. While an effective delivery system is sought, the only option is using high drug doses that can lead to systemic side effects. We introduced poly beta amino esters (PBAEs) polymers to effectively deliver drugs into cartilage tissues. PBAEs are copolymer of amines and di-acrylates further end-capped with other amine, therefore encompassing a very large research space for the identification of optimal candidates. In order to accelerate the screening of all possible PBAEs, the results of a small pool of polymers (n = 90) were used to train a variety of Machine learning (ML) methods using only polymers properties available in public libraries or estimated from the chemical structure. Bagged MARS returned the best performance and was used on the remaining (n = 3915) possible PBAEs resulting in the recognition of pivotal features; further refinements of such characteristics (n = 150) enabled the identification of a leading candidate predicted to improve drug uptake > 20 folds over conventional clinical treatment. This work highlights the potential of ML to accelerate biomaterials development by efficiently extracting information from a limited experimental dataset thus allowing patients to benefit earlier from a new technology and at a lower price. Such roadmap could also be applied for other drug/materials development where optimisation would normally be approached through combinatorial chemistry.
Subclinical Myocardial Damage after Anthracycline Chemotherapy in Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Nakatsuma Kenji , Ozasa Neiko , Ohno Mikiko , Ishiguro Hiroshi , Minami Manabu , Nishi Eiichiro , Toi Masakazu , Ono Koh , Kimura Takeshi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Data on the incidence, timing, and prediction of myocardial damage after anthracycline-based chemotherapy (AC) in patients with breast cancer are limited. We assessed myocardial damage in these patients following AC, using the high-sensitivity troponin I (TnI) assay. Methods: We prospectively assessed TnI levels in women with breast cancer (n=51) at baseline (before the first AC), 1 week, and 1, 2, 3, 6, 9,12, and 15 months after low-to-moderate doses of AC. Subclinical myocardial damage was diagnosed when TnI levels exceeded the 99th percentile (26 pg/mL). Echocardiograms were obtained at baseline and 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 months post-AC. Results: Subclinical myocardial damage was detected in 43% of the patients: in 0%, 3.9%, 7.8%, 33%, 29%, 6.7%, 2.3%, and 2.3% of patients at 1 week and 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 months after starting AC, respectively. From baseline to 1 week post-AC, median absolute change in TnI levels was 1.6 (interquartile range: 0.1–3.5) pg/mL. Absolute change in TnI levels ≥1.6 pg/mL at 1 week was associated with a higher peak TnI level during follow-up (p=0.042).Conclusions: Approximately half of the patients had subclinical myocardial damage, frequently observed at 3 or 6 months post-AC. TnI level changes at 1 week after the first AC may predict subsequent myocardial damage.
The Interaction Between Autophagy and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition via NICD/ULK1 is Involved in the Formation of Diabetic Cataracts
Authors: Ma Jiyuan , Ye Wei , Yang Yunshu , Wu Tong , Wang Yafen , Li Ji , Pei Rui , He Mengmei , Zhang Luning , Zhou Jian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BackgroundCataracts are the leading cause of blindness and a common ocular complication of diabetes. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lens epithelial cells (LECs) and altered autophagic activity occur during the development of diabetic cataracts. The disturbed interaction of autophagy with EMT in LECs stimulated by high glucose may participate in cataract formation.MethodsWe employed a diabetic rat model induced by streptozotocin (STZ) and human lens epithelial HLE-B3 cells stimulated with high glucose to observe the interaction of autophagy and EMT. Lens opacification was observed by slit-lamp bio-microscope, and the histological changes of lenses were detected under light microscope through paraffin section staining with hematoxylin-eosin. The autophagosomes in lens epithelial cells in vivo and in vitro were quantified under a transmission electron microscopy. The expression of EMT and autophagy markers were measured by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Cell migration was determined by transwell and scratch wound assays. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) was performed to verify protein-protein interactions. Overexpression of proteins were induced by cell transfection. ResultsIn LECs, high glucose induces EMT by activating Jagged1/Notch1/NICD/Snail and inhibits autophagy through the AKT/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathways in vivo and in vitro, resulting in diabetic cataracts. Enhanced autophagic activity by rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, suppressed EMT by degrading Notch1 through SQSTM1/p62 and LC3 in LECs, while inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway by DAPT, an inhibitor of γ-secretase, not only prevented EMT but also activated autophagy by downregulating the expression of NICD, which binds to ULK1, phosphorylates it, and then inhibits autophagic initiation.ConclusionsWe demonstrated a new interaction of autophagy and EMT involving NICD/ULK1, which mediates crosstalk between these two important events in the formation of diabetic cataracts. Activating autophagy and suppressing EMT mutually promote each other, identifying a potential target and strategy for the prevention of diabetic cataracts.