bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jewellery and precious objects in the formation of Habsburg family relationships: Anne of Bohemia and Hungary (1503–1547) and her inventories
Authors: Hausenblasová Jaroslava , Kubíková Blanka 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Queen Anne of Bohemia and Hungary (1503–1547), wife of Ferdinand I of Austria, assembled a remarkable collection of jewellery and valuables. Analysis of her collection is aided by the survival of four inventories, as well as household accounts, which not only reveal its origins, development and structure during the queen’s lifetime, but also its fate after her death. The complex distribution of the artefacts involved Anne’s children and other Habsburg family members, as well as other European female rulers and noblewomen. Some of the jewels have been identified in portraits of Queen Anne and her daughters. The present study seeks to shed light on the role of jewellery in establishing personal bonds within the Habsburg family and within the cultural and political networks that linked European elites during the Renaissance.
The State of the International Human Rights System—Normativity and Compliance: Introduction
Authors: Kleinlein Thomas , Steiger Dominik 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis introduction presents a special issue of the Journal of Human Rights Practice on the state of the international human rights system. It places the challenges and shortcomings of the 2020 Human Rights Treaty Body Review in the context of the broader discussion on human rights normativity and compliance. The unwillingness of member states to fulfil their budgetary commitments, as well as the ignorance with which some reform proposals were met, reflect a lack of understanding of the significance of legal procedures in the human rights treaty bodies. The main focus of reform efforts is to facilitate reporting obligations for states parties by simplifying procedures to make them more manageable for both states parties and treaty bodies. However, lack of compliance with human rights constitutes the severest shortcoming of international human rights protection today. Therefore, current reform ambitions risk losing sight of the rights holders and of actual human rights implementation on the ground. This fear explains the focus of this special issue on the normativity of human rights and compliance: treaty bodies play a continuous and crucial role for the normative force of human rights as well as their continuous development. They should be perceived as agents of social change and tools to turn rhetoric to action. At the same time, the normative meaning of human rights commitments and its (re-)construction depend on social practices in the states parties. After explaining the dialogical approach and framework of the special issue, the introduction provides an overview of individual contributions (articles and comments) and highlights the key messages of the human rights practitioners involved in the special issue against the background of the ongoing treaty body review.
The Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights—The Power of Subjective Rights?
Authors: Kędzia Zdzisław 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe perception of the nature and standing of economic, social, and cultural rights (ESCR) has significantly changed and more than ever corresponds to the spirit and letter of the 1993 Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action. However, it would be difficult to overlook the residual impact of the scepticism towards these rights. From the very beginning of its existence, the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights has devoted continuous efforts to address said scepticism, focusing, inter alia, on three fundamental issues: the dependence of the implementation of ESCR on the resources available to states; the general articulation of relevant standards; and the related denial of subjectivity and justiciability of these rights. This article sketches out the Committee’s interpretation of some of the provisions of the International Covenant on ESCR and its Optional Protocol that are key to the legal standing of the Covenant rights, such as the obligation to use the maximum of available resources, the principle of progressive realization of ESCR, the standard of reasonableness, and the essential (core) content of rights and the minimum core obligations of states. The article concludes that the Committee has made a considerable contribution to the recognition of the subjective nature and justiciability of ESCR. Looking at the Committees approach over the years since its creation, it can be seen that it has consistently developed its doctrine of interpretation of the Covenant and its standards. The case law under the OP not only serves the protection of victims but has also enabled the Committee to expand its interpretation of ESCR and apply them as subjective and justiciable rights.
Enhancing Compliance and Fostering Normativity by Institutionalizing Dialogue—The Optional Protocol to the United Nations Convention Against Torture: A Comment
Authors: Steiger Dominik 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Optional Protocol to the United Nations Convention Against Torture (OPCAT) differs from other human rights treaties, especially because it follows a new approach by establishing a system of on-site visits as well as a dual supervisory mechanism, which consists of an international committee—the Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture—and the National Prevention Mechanisms. The aim of this comment is to analyse these particularities in the light of the broader academic discussion on norm compliance. Furthermore, the effect of OPCAT’s characteristics on the normativity of the prohibition of torture will be examined.The comment shows that the need for institutions and a dialogue between them is acknowledged by compliance theory and OPCAT’s design and practice alike. OPCAT is one of the prime examples of how a dialogue can function between different actors, be they international, national, governmental, or non-governmental. Moreover, it is shown that OPCAT fosters the normativity of the prohibition of torture by institutionalizing dialogue and cooperation. OPCAT is an example of how compliance—as well as normativity—can be strengthened through smart legal design. Thus, OPCAT complements the retrospective and international approach of the United Nations Convention against Torture.
Are We a Bigger Problem Than We Realize?
Authors: Hale Christopher ‘Kip’ 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The impact of social media — in particular Twitter — on the field of international criminal justice cannot be overstated. Thanks to an active community of online commentators made up primarily of academics, researchers, staff of non-governmental organizations and journalists, Twitter is a vibrant place to monitor the pulse of international criminal law generally and the International Criminal Court specifically. Twitter, thus, uniquely elevates a comparatively small commentator class and amplifies their narratives about the field of international criminal justice. Yet with an apparent lack of voices from across the diverse community of practitioners, or the input of diplomats and technocrats who make the field possible, commentators may exert a disproportionate influence over public perceptions of international criminal justice. Cognisant of the stark interplay between politics and law in international criminal justice — often including powerful forces with nefarious agendas — and an abundance of individuals motivated by a desire to be seen and heard, this community may at times exhibit problematic behaviours (unwittingly or otherwise). This article dissects these issues of online communication, and argues that greater care with commentary may be the best salve to these cultural flaws in the formation of public perception.
Free choice permission, legitimization and relating semantics
Authors: Glavaničová Daniela , Jarmużek Tomasz , Klonowski Mateusz , Kulicki Piotr 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we apply relating semantics to the widely discussed problem of free choice between permitted actions or situations in normative systems. Leaving aside contexts in which the free choice principle is obviously unacceptable (weak permission understood as an absence of prohibition) or uncontroversially valid (strong permission within systems with a closed repertoire of actions or situations), we concentrate on free choice for explicit permissions. In order to construct a formal representation of explicit permissions, we introduce a special constant, $\texttt {permit}$, which is analogous to the constant $\texttt {violation}$ used in the Andersonian–Kangerian approach to deontic logic with respect to prohibition and obligation. Consequently, we define a permission operator on the basis of the $\texttt {permit}$ constant and a relation of legitimization. The general idea is that $P \varphi $ is true if and only if $\texttt {permit}$ is true, which means that a permission is actually issued and $\varphi $ is legitimized by $\texttt {permit}$. The intuitive notion of legitimization is formally represented by an operator of relating implication: a non-classical implication that is semantically defined by adding a constraint to the classical meaning of implication to the effect that arguments are related by a special relation. The properties of this relation are based on an informal, intuitive meaning of legitimization and determine the properties of the permission operator. We show that the resulting permission operator possesses the free choice property and avoids certain unwanted consequences that follow from alternative approaches.
Functoriality of the Schmidt construction
Authors: Climent Vidal Juan , Cosme Llópez Enric 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAfter proving, in a purely categorial way, that the inclusion functor $\textrm {In}_{\textbf {Alg}(\varSigma )}$ from $\textbf {Alg}(\varSigma )$, the category of many-sorted $\varSigma $-algebras, to $\textbf {PAlg}(\varSigma )$, the category of many-sorted partial $\varSigma $-algebras, has a left adjoint $\textbf {F}_{\varSigma }$, the (absolutely) free completion functor, we recall, in connection with the functor $\textbf {F}_{\varSigma }$, the generalized recursion theorem of Schmidt, which we will also call the Schmidt construction. Next, we define a category $\textbf {Cmpl}(\varSigma )$, of $\varSigma $-completions, and prove that $\textbf {F}_{\varSigma }$, labelled with its domain category and the unit of the adjunction of which it is a part, is a weakly initial object in it. Following this, we associate to an ordered pair $(\boldsymbol {\alpha },f)$, where $\boldsymbol {\alpha }=(K,\gamma ,\alpha )$ is a morphism of $\varSigma $-completions from ${{\mathscr {F}}}=(\textbf {C},F,\eta )$ to $\mathscr {G}= (\textbf {D},G,\rho )$ and $f$ a homomorphism of $\textbf {D}$ from the partial $\varSigma $-algebra $\textbf {A}$ to the partial $\varSigma $-algebra $\textbf {B}$, a homomorphism $\varUpsilon ^{\mathscr {G},0}_{\boldsymbol {\alpha }}(f)\colon \textbf {Sch}_{\boldsymbol {\alpha }}(f)\longrightarrow \textbf {B}$. We then prove that there exists an endofunctor, $\varUpsilon ^{\mathscr {G},0}_{\boldsymbol {\alpha }}$, of $\textbf {Mor}_{\textrm {tw}}(\textbf {D})$, the twisted morphism category of $\textbf {D}$, thus showing the naturalness of the previous construction. Afterwards, we prove that, for every $\varSigma $-completion $\mathscr {G}=(\textbf {D},G,\rho )$, there exists a functor $\varUpsilon ^{\mathscr {G}}$ from the comma category $(\textbf {Cmpl}(\varSigma )\!\downarrow \!\mathscr {G})$ to $\textbf {End}(\textbf {Mor}_{\textrm {tw}}(\textbf {D}))$, the category of endofunctors of $\textbf {Mor}_{\textrm {tw}}(\textbf {D})$, such that $\varUpsilon ^{\mathscr {G},0}$, the object mapping of $\varUpsilon ^{\mathscr {G}}$, sends a morphism of $\varSigma $-completion of $\textbf {Cmpl}(\varSigma )$ with codomain $\mathscr {G}$, to the endofunctor $\varUpsilon ^{\mathscr {G},0}_{\boldsymbol {\alpha }}$.
On intermediate justification logics
Authors: Pischke Nicholas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe study arbitrary intermediate propositional logics extended with a collection of axioms from (classical) justification logics. For these, we introduce various semantics by combining either Heyting algebras or Kripke frames with the usual semantic machinery used by Mkrtychev’s, Fitting’s or Lehmann and Studer’s models for classical justification logics. We prove unified completeness theorems for all intermediate justification logics and their corresponding semantics using a respective propositional completeness theorem of the underlying intermediate logic. Further, by a modification of a method of Fitting, we prove unified realization theorems for a large class of intermediate justification logics and accompanying intermediate modal logics.
Arthropod and Disease Management in Boxwood Production
Authors: Dhakal Kripa , Bika Ravi , Ghimire Bhawana , Parajuli Madhav , Neupane Sandhya , Neupane Krishna , Addesso Karla M , Baysal-Gurel Fulya 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Boxwood (Buxus spp.) is the most commonly cultivated woody ornamental shrubs in landscape settings and nursery production. Boxwood is grown for its attractive evergreen foliage and versatility in both formal and informal gardens. Meeting the high demand for boxwood plants worldwide has become challenging in recent years as the boxwood industry has been negatively impacted by a growing number of serious diseases and arthropod pests. Globally, the most common arthropods of concern are boxwood leafminer (Monarthropalpus flavus, Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), boxwood psyllid (Psylla buxi; Hemiptera; Psyllidae), Eurytetranychus buxi (Acari: Tetranychidae) and the invasive moth, Cydalima perspectalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Moreover, major diseases of boxwood include boxwood blight (Calonectria pseudonaviculata, Hypocreales: Nectriaceae), Volutella blight (Pseudonectria buxi, Hypocreales: Nectriaceae), and Phytophthora root and crown rot (Phytophthora spp., Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae). These pests and diseases can lead to significant economic losses to growers and can decimate plants in landscape settings. Here we have reviewed recent research advances focused on the description and management of boxwood arthropod pests and diseases. Boxwood arthropod pests and diseases can be managed by implementing integrated arthropod pest and disease management strategies such as sanitary and cultural practices, genetic resistant cultivars, biological and chemical control methods. This information is provided to aid nursery producers, landscape industry professionals, and other stakeholders in developing integrated arthropod pest and disease management plans for boxwood.
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Molecular Insights in Overwintering Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Authors: Li Hui , Xia Xiaohong , He Xuanyu , Li Shouyin , Dai Lulu , Ye Jianren , Hao Dejun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Monochamus alternatus, the dominant vector of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoididae), has caused immense damage to forest resources. In China, this vector was native to the southern regions but has spread northward recently. To adapt to more challenging environments in the northern winter, M. alternatus has evolved an intricate strategy for overwintering, which remains largely unknown. Herein, we compared the transcriptome data of the overwintering and non-overwintering larvae of M. alternatus larvae to investigate the molecular mechanisms in overwintering. A total of 53.10 GB clean bases and 28, 245 unigenes were obtained by RNA-seq. Analysis of 2597 upregulated and 2429 downregulated unigenes, as well as the enrichment of DEGs showed that many genes and pathways were jointly involved in the overwintering period. Besides, the accuracy of the RNA-seq data was tested by using qPCR experiment involving 13 selected genes. The results revealed that the overwintering process relied largely on the energy allocation trade-off. Specifically, overwintering M. alternatus inhibited energy-intensive activities, such as growth and molting, detoxification, and trehalose transport, and the reserved energy was skewed towards the synthesis of antifreeze compounds and immune response to cope with the deleterious effects of winter.
A randomized phase III trial of denosumab before curettage for giant cell tumor of bone. JCOG1610
Authors: Urakawa Hiroshi , Nagano Akihito , Machida Ryunosuke , Tanaka Kazuhiro , Kataoka Tomoko , Sekino Yuta , Nishida Yoshihiro , Takahashi Mitsuru , Kunisada Toshiyuki , Kawano Masanori , Yoshida Yukihiro , Takagi Tatsuya , Sato Kenji , Hiruma Toru , Hatano Hiroshi , Tsukushi Satoshi , Sakamoto Akio , Akisue Toshihiro , Hiraoka Koji , Ozaki Toshifumi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of JCOG1610 (randomized controlled phase III trial) was to confirm the superiority of preoperative denosumab to curettage with adjuvant local therapy for patients with giant cell tumor of bone without possible post-operative large bone defect.

Methods
The primary endpoint was relapse-free survival and the total sample size was set at 106 patients. Patient accrual began in October 2017. However, the accrual was terminated in December 2020 due to a recommendation from the Data and Safety Monitoring Committee because of poor patient accrual. Now, we report the descriptive results obtained in this study.

Results
A total of 18 patients had been registered from 13 Japanese institutions at the time of termination on December 2020. Eleven patients were assigned to Arm A (curettage and adjuvant local therapy) and 7 to Arm B (preoperative denosumab, curettage and adjuvant local therapy). Median follow-up period was 1.6 (range: 0.5–2.8) years. Protocol treatment was completed in all but one patient in Arm A who had a pathological fracture before surgery. All patients in Arm B were treated with five courses of preoperative denosumab. Relapse-free survival proportions in Arm A and B were 90.0% (95% confidence interval: 47.3–98.5) and 100% (100–100) at 1 year, and 60.0% (19.0–85.5) and 62.5% (14.2–89.3) at 2 years, respectively [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.51 (0.24–9.41)].

Conclusion
In terms of relapse-free survival, the superiority of preoperative denosumab was not observed in patients with giant cell tumor of bone without possible post-operative large bone defect.
Timing of Medicaid Enrollment, Late-Stage Breast Cancer Diagnosis, Treatment Delays, and Mortality
Authors: Xie Evaline , Colditz Graham A , Lian Min , Greever-Rice Tracy , Schmaltz Chester , Lucht Jill , Liu Ying 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Disrupted and delayed Medicaid coverage has been consistently associated with lower rates of cancer screening and early-stage cancer diagnosis compared with continuous coverage. However, the relationships between Medicaid coverage timing, breast cancer treatment delays, and survival are less clear.

Methods
Using the linked Missouri Cancer Registry-Medicaid claims data, we identified 4583 women diagnosed with breast cancer between 2007 and 2016. We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of late-stage diagnosis and treatment delays for prediagnosis (&gt;30 days, &gt;90 days, and &gt;1 year before diagnosis) vs peridiagnosis enrollment. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of breast cancer-specific mortality for pre- vs postdiagnosis enrollment.

Results
Patients enrolled in Medicaid more than 30 days before diagnosis were less likely to be diagnosed at a late stage compared with those enrolled in Medicaid peridiagnosis (OR = 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.60 to 0.79). This result persisted using enrollment 90-day (OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.56 to 0.74) and 1-year thresholds (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.47 to 0.65). We did not observe a difference in the likelihood of treatment delays between the 2 groups. After adjustment for sociodemographic factors, there was no statistically significant difference in the risk of breast cancer mortality for patients enrolled more than 30 days prediagnosis relative to patients enrolled peridiagnosis (HR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.83 to 1.14), but a lower risk was observed for patients enrolled prediagnosis when using 90 days (HR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.72 to 0.999) or 1 year (HR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.66 to 0.96) as the threshold.

Conclusions
Women with breast cancer who enroll in Medicaid earlier may benefit from earlier diagnoses, but only longer-term enrollment may have survival benefits.
A Coat of Many Colours—New Concepts and Metrics of Economic Power in Competition Law and Economics
Authors: Lianos Ioannis , Carballa-Smichowski Bruno 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The digital economy has brought new business models that rely on zero-price markets and multi-sided platforms nested in business ecosystems. The traditional concept of market power used by competition authorities cannot engage with this new reality in which (economic) power manifests beyond price and output within a relevant market. These developments have culminated in multiple recent calls for a more multidimensional concept of power. Consequently, suggestions over new concepts of power triggering antitrust/regulatory intervention, such as ‘strategic market status’, ‘conglomerate market power’, ‘intermediation power’, ‘structuring digital platforms’, or ‘gatekeepers’ have proliferated to complete, or even substitute, the archetypical concept of market or monopoly power in competition law. However, a theoretical framework for this multidimensional concept of power that can set the basis for new metrics is missing. This article makes three contributions in that direction. First, we conceptualize different forms of (economic) power that go beyond competition within a single relevant market in terms of competition law and economics. Second, we propose new metrics to measure two forms of power: panopticon power and power based on differential dependency between value co-creators. Third, we test the latter and show how they could reduce false positives and false negatives when assessing dominance.
Who and What DoWhoandWhatRange Over Cross-Linguistically?
Authors: Elliott Patrick D , Nicolae Andreea C , Sauerland Uli 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDayal’s (1996) account of the presuppositions of wh-questions makes faulty predictions for languages which draw number distinctions in the domain of simplex wh-expressions: (Dayal, 1996) predicts that a singular wh-expression should always give rise to a Uniqueness Presupposition; the Anti-Singleton Inference associated with its plural counterpart is expected to be parasitic on the uniqueness presupposition. Using data from Spanish, Greek, and Hungarian, where simplex wh-expressions inflect for number, we claim that singular simplex wh-expressions do not give rise to a Uniqueness Presupposition, but plural simplex wh-expressions nonetheless give rise to an Anti-Singleton Inference. We provide an analysis of these facts that is consistent with Dayal’s (1996) account of constituent questions, by assigning simplex wh-expressions a type-ambiguous denotation.