bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative epicardial echocardiography or transoesophageal echocardiography in CHD: how much does it matter?
Authors: Stauffer Katie J. , Brabender Jerrid , Reddy Charitha D. , Selamet Tierney Elif Seda , Lopez Leo , Maeda Katsuhide , Navaratnam Manchula , Punn Rajesh 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground:Intraoperative imaging determines the integrity of surgical repairs. Transoesophageal echocardiography represents standard care for intraoperative imaging in CHD. However, some conditions preclude its use, and epicardial echocardiography is used alternatively. Minimal literature exists on the impact of epicardial echocardiography versus transoesophageal echocardiography. We aimed to evaluate accuracy between the two modalities and hypothesised higher imaging error rates for epicardial echocardiography.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed all epicardial echocardiograms performed over 16 years and compared them to an age- and procedure-matched, randomly selected transoesophageal echocardiography cohort. We detected un- or misidentified cardiac lesions during the intraoperative imaging and evaluated patient outcomes. Data are presented as a median with a range, or a number with percentages, with comparisons by Wilcoxon two-sample test and Fisher’s exact test.Results:Totally, 413 patients comprised the epicardial echocardiography group with 295 transoesophageal echocardiography matches. Rates of imaging discrepancies, re-operation, and incision infection were similar. About 13% of epicardial echocardiography patients had imaging discrepancies versus 16% for transoesophageal (p = 0.2352), the former also had smaller body sizes (p < 0.0001) and more genetic abnormalities (33% versus 19%, p < 0.0001). Death/mechanical support occurred more frequently in epicardial echocardiography patients (16% versus 6%, p < 0.0001), while hospitalisations were longer (25 versus 19 days, p = 0.0003).Conclusions:Diagnostic accuracy was similar between patients undergoing epicardial echocardiography and transoesophageal echocardiography, while rates of death and mechanical support were increased in this inherently higher risk patient population. Epicardial echocardiography provides a reasonable alternative when transoesophageal echocardiography is not feasible.
Why non-native speakers sometimes outperform native speakers in agreement processing
Authors: Lee Eun-Kyoung Rosa , Phillips Colin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIt is well-known that native English speakers sometimes erroneously accept subject-verb agreement violations when there is a number-matching attractor (e.g., *The key to the cabinets were…). Whether bilinguals whose L1 lacks number agreement are prone to such interference is unclear, given previous studies that report conflicting findings using different structures, participant groups, and experimental designs. To resolve the conflict, we examined highly proficient Korean–English bilinguals’ susceptibility to agreement attraction, comparing prepositional phrase (PP) and relative clause (RC) modifiers in a speeded acceptability judgment task and a speeded forced-choice comprehension task. The bilinguals’ judgments revealed attraction with RCs but not with PPs, while reaction times indicated attraction with both structures. The results therefore showed L2 attraction in all measures, with the consistent exception of judgments for PPs. We argue that this supports an overall native-like agreement processing mechanism, augmented by an additional monitoring mechanism that filters explicit judgments in simple structures.
Fast Noninvasive Morphometric Characterization of Free Human Sperms Using Deep Learning
Authors: Liu Guole , Shi Hao , Zhang Huan , Zhou Yating , Sun Yujiao , Li Wei , Huang Xuefeng , Jiang Yuqiang , Fang Yaliang , Yang Ge 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The selection of high-quality sperms is critical to intracytoplasmic sperm injection, which accounts for 70–80% of in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments. So far, sperm screening is usually performed manually by clinicians. However, the performance of manual screening is limited in its objectivity, consistency, and efficiency. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a fast and noninvasive three-stage method to characterize morphology of freely swimming human sperms in bright-field microscopy images using deep learning models. Specifically, we use an object detection model to identify sperm heads, a classification model to select in-focus images, and a segmentation model to extract geometry of sperm heads and vacuoles. The models achieve an F1-score of 0.951 in sperm head detection, a z-position estimation error within ±1.5 μm in in-focus image selection, and a Dice score of 0.948 in sperm head segmentation, respectively. Customized lightweight architectures are used for the models to achieve real-time analysis of 200 frames per second. Comprehensive morphological parameters are calculated from sperm head geometry extracted by image segmentation. Overall, our method provides a reliable and efficient tool to assist clinicians in selecting high-quality sperms for successful IVF. It also demonstrates the effectiveness of deep learning in real-time analysis of live bright-field microscopy images.
Balanced quasi-elliptic-type dual-passband filters using planar transversal coupled-line sections and their digital modeling
Authors: Yang Li , Malki Mohamed , Muñoz-Ferreras José-María , Gómez-García Roberto 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA class of balanced dual-band bandpass filters (BPFs) with planar transversal-signal-interference coupled-line sections is reported. In their building balanced dual-band BPF stage under differential-mode excitation, a second-order quasi-elliptic-type dual-band bandpass filtering transfer function is obtained. Specifically, from the transversal interaction among their two open-ended and virtually-short-ended half-wavelength coupled-line paths, sharp-rejection differential-mode dual passbands with several out-of-band transmission zeros at both sides are realized. To attain high common-mode suppression levels within the differential-mode passbands, two open-ended line segments are connected at the symmetry plane of the devised balanced dual-band BPF stage. Moreover, higher-order schemes based on in-series-cascaded multi-stage designs to further increase differential-mode selectivity and in-band common-mode rejection are illustrated. The operational principles and parametric-analysis design rules of the engineered transversal-coupled-line-based balanced dual-band BPF approach are detailed. Additionally, for a rigorous interpretation of their zero/pole characteristics, a digital-modeling framework is applied to them to connect RF balanced filters with their discrete-time versions. For practical-validation purposes, a microstrip prototype of two-stage/fourth-order balanced dual-band BPF is built and tested. It exhibits measured differential-mode dual passbands with center frequencies of 1.464 GHz and 2.294 GHz, 3-dB fractional bandwidths of 8.74% and 9.68%, and in-band common-mode rejection levels above 23.16 dB and 31.36 dB, respectively.
The Approach of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf to Submissions Involving Unresolved Disputes: Should It Be Modified?
Authors: TRAN Huu Duy Minh 
Published: June 2022

AbstractParagraph 5(a) of Annex I to the Rules of Procedure of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf has been invoked by states to block the Commission's consideration of several submissions made by coastal states. The paragraph introduces several new factors into the delineation process of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles, which had not been envisaged by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. In addition, this has had significant consequences in respect of the completion of the delineation process, and thus the realization of one of the key objects and purposes of the Convention – that is, to create certainty about the extent of the continental shelf and the limits of the area. This article examines whether Paragraph 5(a) is in accordance with the Convention, and whether there is an alternative approach that may have a more limited impact on the delineation process.
The amino acid substitution Phe-255-Ile in thepsbAgene confers resistance to hexazinone in hair fescue (Festuca filiformis) plants from lowbush blueberry fields
Authors: Laforest Martin , Soufiane Brahim , Bisaillon Katherine , Bessette Marianne , Page Eric R. , White Scott N. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCultivation of lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifoliumAiton), an important crop in the eastern part of North America, is unique, as it is carried out over the course of two consecutive growing seasons. Pest management, particularly weed management, is impacted by this biennial cultural practice. The choice of methods to control weeds is narrow, and such a system relies heavily on herbicides for weed management. Availability of unique herbicide active ingredients for weed management is limited, and available herbicides are used repeatedly, so the risk of developing resistance is acute. Hair fescue (Festuca filiformisPourr.), a perennial grass weed, has evolved resistance to hexazinone, a photosystem II inhibitor frequently used in lowbush blueberry production. We show that substitution of phenylalanine to isoleucine at position 255 is responsible for a decreased sensitivity to hexazinone by a factor of 6.12. Early diagnosis of resistance based on the detection of the mutation will alert growers to use alternative control methods and thus help to increase the sustainability of the cropping system.
Low polyphenol intake among highly scholarity population: CUME cohort
Authors: Diniz Amanda Popolino , Bressan Josefina , de Deus Mendonça Raquel , Coletro Hillary Nascimento , Carraro Júlia Cristina Cardoso , Pimenta Adriano Marçal , Hermsdorff Helen Hermana Miranda , Meireles Adriana Lúcia 
Published: June 2022

Abstract: In the absence of a recommendation for daily intake of phenolic compounds, to compare the intake of the main dietary polyphenols between populations is a really challenge. This study aimed to estimate the total dietary intake of polyphenols, classes and their food sources among Brazilian graduates and postgraduates. This was a cross-sectional study using baseline data from the Cohort of Universities of Minas Gerais (CUME project). Food consumption was assessed using a quantitative food frequency questionnaire with 144 food items. Polyphenol intake was estimated from the Phenol-Explorer and US Department of Agriculture database, and previous studies that evaluated the phenolic content of specific foods. A total of 4130 individuals of both sexes with a median age of 34 (18–86) years old were finally included. The median intake of total polyphenols adjusted for energy was 753.41 mg/day (interquartile range – IQR=461.80; p<0.001), and the most consumed classes were phenolic acids and flavonoids, with median intakes of 552.30 mg/d (IQR=429.78; p<0.001) and 154.70 mg/day (IQR=108.70; p<0.001), respectively. The main food sources of polyphenols were coffee, peanuts, beans, and fruits. A lower intake of total polyphenols and their classes was observed in a population with similar characteristics to those from developed countries. The results demonstrate the importance of disseminating nutritional information about foods, so that the consumption of natural foods is prioritized. New studies that evaluate the consumption of polyphenols and their impact on human health are recommended to establish a daily recommendation for the consumption of such compounds.
The Correspondence Between Sudden Commencements and Geomagnetically Induced Currents: Insights From New Zealand
Authors: Smith A. W. , Rodger C. J. , Mac Manus D. H. , Forsyth C. , Rae I. J. , Freeman M. P. , Clilverd M. A. , Petersen T. , Dalzell M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVariability of the geomagnetic field induces anomalous Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs) in grounded conducting infrastructure. GICs represent a serious space weather hazard but are not often measured directly and the rate of change of the magnetic field is often used as a proxy. We assess the correlation between the rate of change of the magnetic field and GICs during Sudden Commencements (SCs) at a location in New Zealand. We observe excellent correlations (r2 ∼0.9) between the maximum 1‐min rate of change of the field and maximum GIC. Nonetheless, though SCs represent a relatively simple geomagnetic signature, we find that the correspondence systematically depends on several factors. If the SC occurs when New Zealand is on the dayside of the Earth, then the magnetic changes are linked to 30% greater GICs than if New Zealand is on the nightside. We investigate the finding that the orientation of the strongest magnetic deflection is important: changes predominantly in the east‐west direction drive 36% stronger GICs. Dayside SCs are also associated with faster maximum rates of change of the field at a resolution of 1 s. Therefore, while the maximum rates of change of the magnetic field and GICs are well correlated, the orientation and sub‐1‐min resolution details of the field change are important to consider when estimating the associated currents. Finally, if the SC is later followed by a geomagnetic storm, then a given rate of change of the magnetic field is associated with 22% larger GICs, compared to if the SC is isolated.
Synchronous Retreat of Southeast Greenland's Peripheral Glaciers
Authors: Liu Julia , Enderlin Ellyn , Marshall Hans‐Peter , Khalil Andre 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecently, scientific attention has focused on estimating Greenland's dynamic mass loss through changes to flow speeds, thickness, and length on its marine outlet glaciers. For the ice sheet outlet glaciers, dynamic mass loss has been found to be highly sensitive to changes in climate and individual glacier geometry. For the ice‐sheet‐independent marine glaciers around Greenland's periphery, dynamic mass loss is presently overlooked. Here, we apply an open‐source, automated method of measuring glacier length changes using satellite imagery, to produce highly detailed records of length changes for 135 peripheral marine glaciers in southeast Greenland. We find evidence for anomalous retreat across 56 glaciers coincident with elevated surface melt in 2016, with melt 22% above the 2013–2019 average. Our detailed observations resolve the widespread, rapid, and synchronous response of these independent marine glaciers to increased meltwater input in 2016, indicating that their dynamics may be more sensitive to atmospheric warming than currently thought.
Wavefield Migration Imaging of Moho Geometry and Upper Mantle Structure Beneath Southern New England
Authors: Luo Yantao , Long Maureen D. , Rondenay Stéphane , Karabinos Paul , Kuiper Yvette D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe crust and upper mantle beneath the New England Appalachians exhibit a large offset of the Moho across the boundary between Laurentia and accreted terranes and several dipping discontinuities, which reflect Paleozoic or younger tectonic movements. We apply scattered wavefield migration to the SEISConn array deployed across northern Connecticut and obtain insights not previously available from receiver function studies. We resolve a doubled Moho at a previously imaged Moho offset, which may reflect westward thrusting of rifted Grenville crust. The migration image suggests laterally variable velocity contrasts across the Moho, perhaps reflecting mafic underplating during continental rifting. A west‐dipping feature in the lithospheric mantle is further constrained to have a slab‐like geometry, representing a relict slab subducted during an Appalachian orogenic event. Localized low seismic velocities in the upper mantle beneath the eastern portion of the array may indicate that the Northern Appalachian Anomaly extends relatively far to the south.
Experimental Evidence Supporting an Overturned Iron‐Titanium‐Rich Melt Layer in the Deep Lunar Interior
Authors: Xu Man , Jing Zhicheng , Van Orman James A. , Yu Tony , Wang Yanbin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDense Fe‐Ti‐rich cumulates, formed as the last dregs of the lunar magma ocean, are thought to have driven a large‐scale overturn of the lunar mantle over 4 Ga ago. Analysis of lunar seismic data has implied that some of the overturned bodies may have reached the lunar core‐mantle boundary and remained there until the present day as a partially molten layer. However, whether such a molten layer could be stable during >4 Ga of post‐magma‐ocean lunar history and explain lunar seismic observations remains poorly constrained. Here, we report the first sound velocity measurements on a Fe‐Ti‐rich lunar melt up to conditions of the lowermost lunar mantle. Our results suggest that a partial melt layer with at least 20% overturned Fe‐Ti‐rich melt can be trapped atop the lunar core‐mantle boundary until the present day, strongly influencing the thermochemical evolution of the lunar interior.
Impacts of Emergent Vegetation on Hyporheic Exchange
Authors: Huang S. , Yang J. Q. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHyporheic exchange, or the exchange of water and solutes between surface and subsurface water at the sediment‐water interface, regulates water quality and biogeochemical cycle in aquatic ecosystems. Vegetation, which is ubiquitous in nature, is known to impact hyporheic exchange; yet how vegetation impacts hyporheic exchange remains to be characterized. Here, we show that at the same spatially and temporally‐averaged flow velocity , vegetation increases the rate of hyporheic exchange by a factor of four. By tracking the movement of fluorescent dye in a flume with the refractive‐index‐matched sediment and translucent vegetation dowels, we demonstrate that the vegetation‐induced hyporheic exchange can be characterized by an effective hyporheic exchange velocity, . We further demonstrate that correlates with the total near‐bed turbulent kinetic energy rather than , when , indicating that turbulent kinetic energy is a better metric than flow velocity for predicting hyporheic exchange in regions with vegetation.
Tropical Oceanic Influences on Observed Global Tropical Cyclone Frequency
Authors: Patricola Christina M. , Cassidy Daniel J. , Klotzbach Philip J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe global tropical cyclone (TC) number has historically been relatively constant from year‐to‐year, however, the reason remains unknown. Furthermore, climate projections are inconclusive regarding future global TC frequency changes. Here, we investigated years in which observed global TC activity deviated from the mean and potential links to ocean drivers from 1980 to 2021. We found that the annual global number of named storm days and accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) were significantly linked with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM). La Niña and positive AMM are associated with the bottom percentiles of both TC metrics, and vice versa for El Niño and negative AMM. The ENSO Longitude Index explains variability in annual global named storm days and ACE as well as the Niño 3.4 index. This research reveals that reliable future projections of ENSO are necessary, but not sufficient, to understand future changes in global TC frequency.
North‐South Differences in Under‐Ice Primary Production in the Chukchi Sea From 1988 to 2018
Authors: Payne C. M. , van Dijken G. L. , Arrigo K. R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs Arctic sea ice has thinned and begun to retreat earlier in the year, there have been substantial changes in the timing and magnitude of regional net primary production (NPP). Most notably, field, remote sensing, and model‐based studies have demonstrated that massive under‐ice phytoplankton blooms (UIBs) contribute substantially to annual NPP and can even drive increases in sedimentary nitrogen recycling and loss through coupled partial nitrification‐denitrification. In this study, we used a 1‐D biogeochemical model (CAOS‐GO) to compare the magnitude of NPP associated with UIBs in the northern and southern Chukchi Sea between 1988 and 2018. While UIBs were critical in driving interannual variation and secular increases in annual NPP and sedimentary nitrification and denitrification in the northern Chukchi Sea, UIBs were far less important at our southern site. As the length of the under‐ice (UI) period diminished between 1988 and 2018 in the southern Chukchi Sea, there was a decrease in the amount of NPP produced during the UI period. Despite higher rates of both annual NPP and denitrification at the southern site, there were no secular trends in these rates over time. Our results indicate that, as sea ice continues to retreat earlier, the impact of UIBs on the biogeochemistry of the Chukchi Sea is likely to diminish.
An Empirical Model of the Equatorial Electron Pitch Angle Distributions in Earth's Outer Radiation Belt
Authors: Smirnov Artem , Shprits Yuri Y. , Allison Hayley , Aseev Nikita , Drozdov Alexander , Kollmann Peter , Wang Dedong , Saikin Anthony 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this study, we present an empirical model of the equatorial electron pitch angle distributions (PADs) in the outer radiation belt based on the full data set collected by the Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer (MagEIS) instrument onboard the Van Allen Probes in 2012–2019. The PADs are fitted with a combination of the first, third and fifth sine harmonics. The resulting equation resolves all PAD types found in the outer radiation belt (pancake, flat‐top, butterfly and cap PADs) and can be analytically integrated to derive omnidirectional flux. We introduce a two‐step modeling procedure that for the first time ensures a continuous dependence on L, magnetic local time and activity, parametrized by the solar wind dynamic pressure. We propose two methods to reconstruct equatorial electron flux using the model. The first approach requires two uni‐directional flux observations and is applicable to low‐PA data. The second method can be used to reconstruct the full equatorial PADs from a single uni‐ or omnidirectional measurement at off‐equatorial latitudes. The model can be used for converting the long‐term data sets of electron fluxes to phase space density in terms of adiabatic invariants, for physics‐based modeling in the form of boundary conditions, and for data assimilation purposes.
CB1R-stabilized NLRP3 inflammasome drives antipsychotics cardiotoxicity
Authors: Li Liliang , Gao Pan , Tang Xinru , Liu Zheng , Cao Mengying , Luo Ruoyu , Li Xiaoqing , Wang Jing , Lin Xinyi , Peng Chao , Li Zhihong , Zhang Jianhua , Zhang Xian , Cao Zhonglian , Zou Yunzeng , Jin Li 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLong-term use of antipsychotics is a common cause of myocardial injury and even sudden cardiac deaths that often lead to drug withdrawn or discontinuation. Mechanisms underlying antipsychotics cardiotoxicity remain largely unknown. Herein we performed RNA sequencing and found that NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis contributed predominantly to multiple antipsychotics cardiotoxicity. Pyroptosis-based small-molecule compound screen identified cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) as an upstream regulator of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Mechanistically, antipsychotics competitively bond to the CB1R and led to CB1R translocation to the cytoplasm, where CB1R directly interacted with NLRP3 inflammasome via amino acid residues 177–209, rendering stabilization of the inflammasome. Knockout of Cb1r significantly alleviated antipsychotic-induced cardiomyocyte pyroptosis and cardiotoxicity. Multi-organ-based investigation revealed no additional toxicity of newer CB1R antagonists. In authentic human cases, the expression of CB1R and NLRP3 inflammasome positively correlated with antipsychotics-induced cardiotoxicity. These results suggest that CB1R is a potent regulator of the NLRP3 inflammsome-mediated pyroptosis and small-molecule inhibitors targeting the CB1R/NLRP3 signaling represent attractive approaches to rescue cardiac side effects of antipsychotics.