bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technology for mining of complex-structured bodies of stable and unstable ores
Authors: Pysmennyi Serhii , Fedko Mykhailo , Chukharev Serhii , Rysbekov Kanay , Kyelgyenbai Khavalbolot , Anastasov Dimitar 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The object of the study is a rock massif represented by complex-structured ore bodies mined by underground systems with open stoping or systems with bulk caving. Deposits of Kryvyi Rih iron ore basin are represented by different types of ferruginous quartzite, which enables application of a great number of mining systems to mining blocks. There are also barren rock inclusions within the block which are extracted from the block along with ore, and this reduces the iron content of the mined ore mass. Findings of the comprehensive study enable concluding that application of the selective method when mining a deposit can enhance recovery rates. Analysis of methods for determining rock stability results in ascertaining that in case of a 4–7 m thick inclusion of barren rocks it is advisable to use a system with bulk caving at a single stage, and in case of a 7–12 m thick inclusion – in two stages. The first stage involves mining the hanging wall reserves, the footwall reserves are mined at the second stage. This method is distinguished by leaving a barren rock inclusion in the block. The developed options of the mining system allow increasing the iron content in the mined ore mass by 2–4% and obtaining the expected economic effect from 3.0 M to 30.2 M USD depending on mining and geological conditions.
Heading set of equipment for underground development galleries drivage in rocks prone to gas-dynamic phenomena
Authors: Minieiev Serhii , Vasyliev Leonid , Trokhymets Mykola , Maltseva Vira , Vialushkin Yehor , Moskalova Tetiana 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The article presents the design of the heading set of equipment for drivage of development galleries in rocks prone to gas-dynamic phenomena. This equipment can carry out the full technological cycle of rock excavation. The use of the P-110 roadheader of Ukrainian PJSC “Novokramatorskyi Machine Building Plant” with an operating device on a telescopic boom is offered for the aggregation of the heading set of equipment for underground development galleries drivage in emission-hazardous rocks. The device for mechanized boreholes drilling in an emission-hazardous coal seam has been devised based on the EBGP-1 M drilling machine of the Ukrainian SPA “Chervonyi Metalist Co Ltd”. This device is placed on the telescopic boom of the roadheader. For mechanized drilling of explosive, degassing, unloading and injection boreholes, a rock-breaking tool has been proposed that can perform an effective vibratory and rotary loading method of drilling in medium-hard and hard rocks. Safe methods for underground development galleries drivage in gas-bearing emissionhazardous rocks have been worked out. The effectiveness of these methods was determined in industrial conditions. It is possible to conclude that this new heading set of equipment and technology can be recommended for implementation in the mining coal industry.
Energy of low-temperature plasma in the processes of thermal conversions of carbon-containing medium
Authors: Bulat Anatolii , Kholiavchenko Leonid , Oparin Serhii , Davydov Serhii , Zhevzhyk Oleksandr , Potapchuk Iryna 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
One alternative for solving negative environmental impact is to use alternative renewable energy sources. However, technology is evolving and nowadays it cannot meet the needs of emerging economies. A promising direction in the field of clean technologies is the preliminary preparation of carbon-containing media of various origins by thermoconverting them into a gaseous state in high temperature fields. The analysis of the existing autothermal and allottermic technologies of gasification of carbonaceous media is given in the work. The advantages of allottermic technologies of high-temperature transformations under the action of arc plasma with steam oxidizing medium are presented. This method includes plasma formation processes, which combine in time and space thermal transformations and the generation of oxidant from water. The results of theoretical studies of the carbon-containing media plasma transformation process is presented in the article. The regularities of the temperature of steam-plasma transformation process influence on the qualitative and quantitative indicators of the obtained gas phase taking into account the medium elemental composition are established. Comparison of the cost indicators of production of synthetic motor fuel from natural gas by the known companies and from coal by steam-plasma conversion to gas is carried out.
Bioprinted microvasculature: progressing from structure to function
Authors: Seymour Alexis J , Westerfield Ashley D , Cornelius Vincent C , Skylar-Scott Mark A , Heilshorn Sarah C 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting seeks to unlock the rapid generation of complex tissue constructs, but long-standing challenges with efficient in vitro microvascularization must be solved before this can become a reality. Microvasculature is particularly challenging to biofabricate due to the presence of a hollow lumen, a hierarchically branched network topology, and a complex signaling milieu. All of these characteristics are required for proper microvascular—and, thus, tissue—function. While several techniques have been developed to address distinct portions of this microvascularization challenge, no single approach is capable of simultaneously recreating all three microvascular characteristics. In this review, we present a three-part framework that proposes integration of existing techniques to generate mature microvascular constructs. First, extrusion-based 3D bioprinting creates a mesoscale foundation of hollow, endothelialized channels. Second, biochemical and biophysical cues induce endothelial sprouting to create a capillary-mimetic network. Third, the construct is conditioned to enhance network maturity. Across all three of these stages, we highlight the potential for extrusion-based bioprinting to become a central technique for engineering hierarchical microvasculature. We envision that the successful biofabrication of functionally engineered microvasculature will address a critical need in tissue engineering, and propel further advances in regenerative medicine and ex vivo human tissue modeling.
Uniaxial strain-induced electronic property alterations of MoS2 monolayer
Authors: Setiawan A , Handayani I P , Suprayoga E 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has attracted interests owing to its strain-tuned electronic and optical properties, making it a promising candidate for applications in strain engineering devices. In this study, we investigate the effect of uniaxial strain on the electronic properties of MoS2 monolayer using first-principles calculations. Results show that a crossover of the K–K direct to Γ–K indirect bandgap transitions occurs at a strain of 1.743%. Moreover, a strong correlation is observed between the modified bandgap and the density of states (DOS) of the Mo–4d and S-3p orbitals at the valence band maximum and conduction band minimum. The uniaxial strain–tuned interatomic distance along the a-crystallographic axis not only alters the bandgap at different rates but also affects the DOS of the Mo–4d orbital and possible electronic transitions. This study clarifies the mechanism of the electronic structural modification of two-dimensional MoS2 monolayer, which may affect intervalley transitions.
The Portevin-Le Chatelier effect and strain-rate-induced plasticity enhancement in Mg-4Li and Mg-4Li-1Al alloys
Authors: Sha Guiying , Liu Teng , Yin Miao , Na Yuduo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The effects of strain rate on deformation behavior of the Mg-4Li and Mg-4Li-1Al alloys were investigated through tension testing and microstructure analysis. The Portevin-Le Chatelier effect was detected in tension testing of Mg-4Li alloy in the strain rate range of 5 × 10–4 s−1 ∼ 1 × 10–2 s−1, and the effect was enhanced by the addition of 1% Al. The mechanism of Portevin-Le Chatelier effect was ascribed to the interaction between primary dislocations and pre-existing secondary forest dislocations. The strain rate sensitivity indexes of both Mg-4Li and Mg-4Li-1Al alloys were found as negative. With increasing strain rate, the yield strength and tensile strength of both alloys decreased, while the elongation increased.
Dehydrochlorination study of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) contianing modified titanium dioxide, cerium stearate, organotin and β-diketone complex after long-term storage
Authors: Ma Long-juan , Lu Yi-heng , Chen Yan , Lu Yu-wei , Yuan Gang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the influence of additives on the dehydrochlorination of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) from the source and long-term storage is an attractive topic. In this work, the effects of folic acid modified nano titanium dioxide (FANT), cerium stearate, organotin andβ-diketone compound additives on the dehydrochlorination of plasticized PVC and long-term storage were investigated using conductivity measurements. The results showed that the induction time of hydrogen chloride removal of plasticized PVC (C-1) containing composite stabilizer at 200 °C were 243% higher than those of the control (S1). After storage, the heat stability of the control decreased significantly. Instead, the induction time and stability time of plasticized PVC containing FANT, cerium stearate, organotin andβ- diketone composites were significantly enhanced at 200 °C. The thermal stability sequence from difficult to easy for removal of hydrogen chloride was : 3.0 phr (1.90% wt) (C2) >1.0 phr (0.64% wt) (C1) > 5.0 phr (3.17% wt) (C3) with FANT. It is inferred that this is due to the FANT’s hydrogen bonding van der Waals force and the complexation reaction of variable valence metal Ce+3/Ce+4with C-Cl bond in PVC polymer molecule. The induction time (min) of hydrogen chloride removal at 200 °C before and after storage is as follows: C-20 (71.9) > C-10 (70.6) > C-1 (60.7) > C-3 (57.2) > C-30 (52.7) > C-2 (49.9) > S1 (25.3) > S10 (19.7). The critical temperature for hydrogen chloride removal by the composite film is around 210 °C. If the content of FANT increased to 3.17%, the intermolecular force and repulsive force in PVC system offset each other, indicating that the increase of FANT content will lead to the increase of repulsive force with PVC. A certain amount of FANT, cerium stearate, organotin andβ- diketone composites has a significant synergistic effect on the thermal stability of PVC.
Experimental investigation of the tensile and modal properties of epoxy based symmetric interlayer glass/carbon hybrid composites
Authors: V Pujar Nagabhushan , Nanjundaradhya N V , Sharma Ramesh S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Interlayer hybrid composites can be tailored for enhanced strength and stiffness. Research on enhancing the mechanical properties of Interlayer hybrid composites is being explored by varying fiber orientations, layup sequence, different type of fiber materials. The objective of this work is to investigate the effect of stacking sequence of the high modulus carbon fibers on the tensile and modal properties of symmetric glass/carbon fiber interlayer composite. The interlayer hybrid composites were fabricated for different stacking sequence of carbon fibers using hand layup technique. Tensile strength and modulus were evaluated as per ASTM 3039 standard. Experimental modal analysis was carried out for two boundary conditions (Free-Free and Cantilever). The modal properties such as natural frequency, mode shapes and damping were studied. The results show that interlayer hybridizations by using low & high modulus fibers along with their stacking sequence about the neutral axis of the laminate have significant influence on the tensile and modal properties. Interlayer hybridization technique offers the potential to provide better mechanical and modal properties in design of high-performance composites.
Encapsulation and on-demand release of functional materials from conductive nanofibers via electrical signals
Authors: Chen Yijun , Boyd James G , Naraghi Mohammad 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe goal of this research is to establish a highly compact on-demand release platform for functional materials where porous nanofibers serve as the host, heat-based release trigger and temperature controller for regulated release. The ability to store functional materials in fibers and release them on demand via external signals may open up new frontiers in areas such as smart textiles and autonomous composites. The host material was porous carbon nanofibers (CNFs), which encapsulated functional materials, protected by a thin polymeric coating to thermally regulate the release. This platform was used to store Gentian violet (GV), an antibacterial material, and release it with highly controllable rates in aqueous environment. The high porosity of the CNF yarns, both inter- and intra-fiber porosity, resulted in a mass loading of as high as ∼50 wt%. The active release was triggered via passing electrical signals through CNF yarn backbone, thereby heating the coating. The rate of release as a function of temperature was measured. It was concluded that the release mechanism is via thermally augmented and reversible diffusion rates of GV and water through the coating. By applying electric current, the diffusion coefficient of the coating was increased, and the release rate dramatically increased in a reversible fashion by as much as 39×.
Trends and drivers of recent summer drying in Switzerland
Authors: Scherrer S C , Hirschi M , Spirig C , Maurer F , Kotlarski S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The Alpine region recently experienced several dry summers with important and adverse impacts on economy, society and ecology. Here, we analyse drought indicators, evapotranspiration and meteorological data from point observations, reanalyses and regional climate model data to assess trends and drivers of summer drought in Switzerland in the period 1981–2020. The drought indicators from station observations and ERA5-Land and ERA5 reanalyses show a tendency towards drier summer half-years (climatic water balance: −39 mm decade−1, 0–1 m integrated soil water content: −5 to −7 mm decade−1) with a drying in most months from March to October. Both, increasing evapotranspiration (potential evapotranspiration: +21 mm decade−1 or +7% K−1 warming; actual evapotranspiration: +8 to +15 mm decade−1) and a non-significant precipitation decrease of 17 mm decade−1 are identified as important and roughly equivalent drivers. The reanalyses show considerable differences for soil water and actual evapotranspiration, especially in drought summers. The ERA5 soil is clearly drier than the one in ERA5-Land. ERA5 evapotranspiration is smallest and partly soil moisture-limited in drought years while evapotranspiration in ERA5-Land is highest, still mainly energy-limited and scales well with temperature (+4% K−1 warming). ERA5-Land seems to better match with in situ measurements of soil water and evapotranspiration than ERA5, but considerable differences with in situ measurements remain. Variability and trends of the drought drivers temperature and precipitation are also investigated in the EURO-CORDEX regional climate model ensemble. Most simulations considerably underestimate the recent warming and the ensemble shows a large possible range of precipitation changes with a mean change near zero. The summer precipitation-temperature scaling and the correlation between summer temperature and precipitation on the interannual time scale are mostly overestimated. Our results highlight that the analysis of Central European summer drought evolution and its drivers remains challenging especially with regional climate model data, but considerable uncertainties also exist in reanalyses.
Numerical simulation of roughened solar air heater on heat transfer augmentation and frictional flow characteristics in turbulent flow region
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Kumar Arun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper works on the numerical simulation of heat transfer augmentation and frictional flow characteristics in roughened Solar Air Heaters by using two-Dimensional CFD for a different type of rib shapes arrangement. The numerical simulation was performed with the RNG k-ε turbulence model in ANSYS 15 software. Aluminum and the air were expressed as absorber plate material and working fluid in the present analysis, respectively. The ‘second-order upwind’ approach was used for the momentum and energy equations. To couple velocity–pressure, the SIMPLE algorithm was used. For all residuals, a low convergence criterion was preferred to accurately predict different parameters. An investigation was done for different Relative roughness pitches (p/e) values and Reynolds numbers (Re) ranging from 4000 to 16000 in turbulent flow areas. The result reveals that the rectangular rib with a triangular end provides the highest Nusselt number (Nu). The Nusselt number has been discovered to have a maximum value of 58.35 at Re 16000 for the rectangular rib with a triangular end. The heat transfer augmentation ratio or Nusselt number ratio is maximum in the case of a rectangular rib with a triangular end.
Precision of bit slicing with in-memory computing based on analog phase-change memory crossbars
Authors: Le Gallo Manuel , Nandakumar S R , Ciric Lazar , Boybat Irem , Khaddam-Aljameh Riduan , Mackin Charles , Sebastian Abu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In-memory computing is a promising non-von Neumann approach to perform certain computational tasks efficiently within memory devices by exploiting their physical attributes. However, the computational accuracy achieved with this approach has been rather low, owing to significant inter-device variability and inhomogeneity across an array as well as intra-device variability and randomness from the analog memory devices. Bit slicing, a technique for constructing a high precision processor from several modules of lower precision, is a promising approach for overcoming this accuracy limitation. However, a systematic study to assess the precision ultimately achieved by bit slicing with analog in-memory computing has so far been lacking. In this work, we assess the computational error from bit slicing when performing in-memory matrix-vector multiplications. Using accurate models of phase-change memory crossbar arrays, we demonstrate that unlike in digital processors where bit slicing is used to extend the dynamic range of the number representation, bit slicing with in-memory computing should aim at minimizing the error from the analog matrix representation through averaging within a given dynamic range. The results are validated using a prototype phase-change memory chip and the impact on the neural network inference accuracy on CIFAR-10 and ImageNet benchmarks is evaluated.
Novel development strategies and challenges for anti-Her2 antibody-drug conjugates
Authors: Zhang Xinling , Huang Andrew C , Chen Fahai , Chen Hu , Li Lele , Kong Nana , Luo Wenting , Fang Jianmin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) combining potent cytotoxicity of small-molecule drugs with the selectivity and excellent pharmacokinetic profile of monoclonal antibody (mAb) are promising therapeutic modalities for a diverse range of cancers. Owing to overexpression in a wide range of tumors, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2) is one of the most utilized targeting antigens for ADCs to treat Her2-positive cancers. Owing to the high density of Her2 antigens on the tumor cells and high affinity and high internalization capacity of corresponding antibodies, 56 anti-Her2 ADCs which applied &gt;10 different types of novel payloads had entered preclinical or clinical trials. Seven of 12 Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved ADCs including Polivy (2019), Padcev (2019), EnHertu (2019), Trodelvy (2020), Blenrep (2020), Zynlonta (2021), and Tivdak) (2021) have been approved by FDA in the past three years alone, indicating that the maturing of ADC technology brings more productive clinical outcomes. This review, focusing on the anti-Her2 ADCs in clinical trials or on the market, discusses the strategies to select antibody formats, the linkages between linker and mAb, and effective payloads with particular release and action mechanisms for a good clinical outcome.
Jane Austen: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Keymer Tom 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Jane Austen: A Very Short Introduction combines critical introductions to each of Jane Austen’s major novels with an exploration of the themes of Austen’s writing. Austen wrote six of the best-loved novels in the English language, as well as a smaller corpus of works unpublished in her day. She pioneered new techniques for representing voices, minds, and hearts in narrative prose, and was a penetrating satirist of social tensions and trends. This VSI considers how Austen reveals the literary, social, and political tensions from which the novels emerge. It also analyses how her writing continues to charm and impact readers to the present day.
Afterword
Authors: Keymer Tom 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
‘Afterword’ reflects on Jane Austen’s legacy. With four of her six novels in print, Austen’s reputation was on the rise when she died on 18 July 1817. The chapter looks at her unfinished novel ‘Sanditon’, which shows numerous thematic continuities with the existing novels, including courtship and the complicating obstacles of rank and wealth, even as it points in new directions: real-estate speculation; medical consumerism; race. Technically, with the eloquent economy of her satirical insinuations and psychological hints, Austen was a pioneer of the novel genre whose impact continues to be felt. Thematically, she probed what her era called the recesses of the heart and mind, while also exploring the consequences for heart and mind of overarching circumstances, structures, and interactions.
Consciousness
Authors: Montero Barbara Gail 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
‘Consciousness’ asks: what is consciousness? The concept of consciousness is the subject of much discussion and there is much debate over whether it can be defined at all. Is it possible for a human to know what it is like to be a bat, a creature whose conscious experience is radically different from ours? There are various different forms of consciousness: creature consciousness, state consciousness, phenomenal consciousness, and access consciousness. The ‘hard problem’ is the problem of providing a scientific explanation of consciousness. What is the purpose of consciousness?