bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La situation économique du Congo belge
Authors: Masoin Maurice 
Published: August 2022

La dernière analyse de la situation économique du Congo belge publiée au mois d’août 1948 dans ce bulletin, s’exprimait en ces termes : « L’économie congolaise offre à la crise des points faibles et des facteurs de résistance. Point faible est sa dépendance étroite de l’evolution des cours des matières premières. Facteur de résistance est le mouvement fondamental d’expansion qui emporte la Colonie du stade d’exploitation à celui de peuplement, avec les activités que comporte cette transformation et les débouchés qu’elle promet.« L’expansion fondamentale suffirait-elle à compenser les répecussions d’une crise conjoncturelle ? Cela dépendra des rapports de force de l’une et de l’autre ».L’on pourrait placer l’évolution des derniers mois sous le signe de cette réponse. Certains prix agricoles ont marqué un fléchissement, tandis que les prix des matières métalliques continuaient à faire preuve d’une certaine fermeté. Cependant, la production a continué à se développer ou s’est tout au moins stabilisée dans la plupart des secteurs de la production.Dans l’ensemble, les revenus coloniaux enregistrèrent de nouveaux progrès.Le fait est particulièrement marqué par l’évolution de la balance commerciale.Quant à la balance des paiements, elle bénéficie en outre d’apports de capitaux assez importants.Tous les indices financiers reflètent cette évolution favorable : les résultats budgétaires, le volume de la circulation monétaire.Telle est la note générale qui se dégagera de l’analyse de la situation
Le commerce extérieur de la Belgique en 1948 et au début de 1949
Authors: Jussiant Jean 
Published: August 2022

L’évolution du commerce extérieur de la Belgique, comme celle de toute l’économie belge, a été bien meilleure, durant l’année 1948, que l’on ne pouvait s’y attendre au début de celle-ci. A ce moment, en effet, les perspectives paraissaient peu favorables pour notre pays.Les difficultés pour obtenir le payement de nos ventes à l’étranger ne faisaient que s’aggraver et le rythme de nos exportations dans de nombreuses directions s’en trouvait affecté.Le manque de devises « dures » entravait les achats de nos principaux clients, car la politique d’assainissement monétaire que nous avions suivie n’avait pas seulement assuré la solidité du franc belge, elle l’avait classé parmi les monnaies rares. D’autre part, nous nous trouvions dans l’impossibilité d’accorder de nouveaux crédits à nos principaux acheteurs, sous peine d’abandonner la logique de la politique suivie. Avec 13 milliards de francs, soit 7 % de notre revenu national de l’année, le montant de ces crédits avait en effet atteint la limite de nos possibilités. Toute augmentation des exportations sans paiement, qui correspondent à ces crédits, aurait fait renaître la pression vers l’inflation dans le pays, tout en permettant à des économies étrangères de procéder à des investissements que nous refusions à nos propres activités, pour éviter cette même inflation.Les importations, de leur côté, demeuraient aux chiffres élevés correspondant au redressement de notre économie et au rétablissement du standard de vie de la population à un niveau équivalent à celui d’avant-guerre.
A scoping review of best practices in home enteral tube feeding
Authors: Byrnes Cliona , Mockler David , Lyons Linda , Loane Dorothy , Russell Edel , Bennett Annemarie E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims:
To review the experiences of healthcare professionals (HCPs) and service users on the provision and receipt of home enteral nutrition (HEN) in primary care settings, respectively.

Backgrounds:
HEN supports the nutritional needs of service users in primary care settings who are unable to meet their nutritional requirements through oral intake alone. While HEN supports service users to remain in their home, the provision of HEN services can be variable. The prevalence of HEN is increasing as health systems shift delivery of care from acute to primary care settings, and therefore the evolving needs of HCPs and service users in relation to HEN deserve exploration.

Methods:
Quantitative and qualitative studies were included if they described (1) practices that support best outcomes in adults on HEN and residing in their own homes and/or (2) service user and HCP experiences of HEN. Studies on the economics of HEN were included. Databases searched included MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CINAHL. Publications up to March 2021 were included. A descriptive analytical approach was used to summarise the findings.

Findings:
Key themes included the importance of initial education to enable service users to adapt to HEN and the need for support from knowledgeable HCPs. Access to support from HCPs in primary care was limited, and some HCPs felt their knowledge of HEN was inadequate. Service users highlighted the significant impact of HEN on daily living and emphasised the need for support from a HEN team. HEN services were also associated with reduced hospital admissions, lengths of stay in hospital, and costs of hospitalisation.

Conclusions:
A specialist HEN service can manage enteral nutrition-related complications, reduce unnecessary hospital admissions, and improve quality of care and patient satisfaction. Further education of HCPs is needed on the provision of HEN.
A longitudinal qualitative study of the UK general practice workforce experience of COVID-19
Authors: Burn Emily , Fisher Rebecca , Locock Louise , Smith Judith 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background:
The COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to significant re-organisation of general practice in the United Kingdom and around the world. The general practice workforce has led changes to their services, often dealing with high levels of uncertainty. The way in which many practitioners consult has shifted significantly, and there has been an increase in the number of phone and online consultations. We know very little about how those working in general practice experienced the service reorganisation introduced in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Aim:
The aim of this project was to describe the changes in the delivery of general practice in the United Kingdom in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, to explore primary care practitioners’ and managers’ experiences of change within general practice during this time and investigate shifts in perceptions of professional identities.

Method:
We conducted a longitudinal qualitative study that captured narrative accounts from 17 primary care practitioners and managers across England and Scotland. Each participant submitted narrative accounts in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic using self-recorded or written contributions, or via an interview if preferred. These were analysed using a grounded theory approach, with thematic coding used to construct common themes.

Findings:
Participants’ narratives describe the challenges COVID-19 presented to general practice. Responses mirror the shifts in the pandemic and its management – from an initial sense of autonomy but uncertainty, to a period of stability and patients’ increasing frustration. The re-organisation of general practice has affected practitioners’ views of their work and their role as clinicians. Participants’ narratives were framed profoundly by the importance of their relationships with patients. This analysis of practitioners’ and managers’ narratives highlights the need for further exploration of how to support the general practice workforce’s well-being longer term in a context of increased demand and significant change.
In Search of the ‘Oriental Origin’: Rameau, Rousseau and Chinese Music in Eighteenth-Century France
Authors: Jiang Qingfan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article offers a fresh perspective on the study of the eighteenth-century musical dialogue between China and France, not as an episode of exotic encounter but as an intellectual movement that profoundly shaped how scholars conceived of music and the study of its theories within an increasingly integrated world. Taking Jean-Philippe Rameau's and Jean-Jacques Rousseau's explorations into the origins of music as an example, I foreground the importance of Chinese music in the formation of their influential concepts of the corps sonore and of the unity of music and language respectively. While these two thinkers made two opposing claims about the origins of music, both used Chinese music as key evidence to support their arguments. Moreover, certain Jesuit missionaries, particularly Jean-Joseph-Marie Amiot, played a crucial role in the global transmission of musical knowledge that enabled French thinkers like Rameau and Rousseau to incorporate music beyond Western Europe. Ultimately, this article reverses the Eurocentric narrative that tends to trace the influence of ‘Western music’ on other parts of the world by showing how Chinese music exerted a major impact on musical debates in France. Situating the study of eighteenth-century music in a global context, I demonstrate what we commonly recognize as ‘Western music theory’ was shaped by knowledge from the East.
Henry Adams’s Protean Views of the American Empire, 1890–1905
Authors: de Jesús Cortés Ángel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the history of the Gilded Age and its geopolitics, Henry Adams has a reputation for being an imperialist. While not universally subscribed to by historians, this characterization has waxed sufficiently as to eclipse Adams’s more complex, even contradictory, record on the American Empire. The evidence I will marshal will not prove that Adams was actually an anti-imperialist, but it will reveal the protean nature of Adams’s views of the American Empire. To get a grip on this relatively unexamined aspect of Adams’s thought, I will analyze his correspondence during the last decade of the nineteenth century in which he criticized the extension of American power across the Pacific, particularly in regard to its political economy, religion, and civilization. With the onset of the American Filipino War, Adams raged at the news of American atrocities. This paper shows that Adams’s outrage was part of an incipient civilizational ideology, one that neither materialized into an attachment to the anti-imperialist cause nor accepted the vaunted superiority of the West. Even though Adams possessed no principle to guide his thinking on the empire, his pessimistic evaluation of the extension of American power is enough to reconsider his reputation as an imperialist.
Teaching Queer History in the GAPE Classroom
Authors: Trump Brian M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDigitization of archival materials has made it easier not only to analyze queer history during the Gilded Age and Progressive Era, but also to include these sources in the classroom. For instructors interested in incorporating queer history into their classrooms, this piece highlights specific examples of these queer primary sources and what they reveal about the queer past. Focusing specifically on criminal statutes, legal records, newspaper articles, medical discourse, and firsthand accounts, this introduction to queer archival sources emphasizes how these sources can be incorporated into class lectures and discussions, as well as directing attention to where similar examples can be found online in digital archives and databases.
L’évolution économique de la sidérurgie belge de 1830 à 1913
Authors: Wibail Amé 
Published: August 2022

On sait que la courbe de la production sidérurgique reflète assez fidèlement la situation générale de la conjoncture économique tant au point de vue de la rapidité qu’à celui de l’amplitude de ses oscillations. Ce fait seul suffirait à justifier l’objet de cette étude; mais pour notre pays en particulier il s’y ajoute le fait que la sidérurgie est une industrie de base de notre économie par son ancienneté aussi bien que par son importance propre et l’élan qu’elle a maintes fois donné à d’autres industries comme les charbonnages et même les transports.L’histoire nous apprend que le fer était connu des Gaulois avant les invasions romaines et employé par eux sur une assez grande échelle. Notre sol était en effet très riche en matières premières : on y trouvait en abondance le minerai de fer sous forme de filons, de couches épaisses ou de grands amas facilement exploitables. L’immense forêt qui recouvrait notre région fournissait le combustible (bois, puis charbon de bois) à tel point que le « charbon de mine » qui était connu et exploité depuis longtemps ne servait encore chez nous en 1825, dans la métallurgie du fer, que comme source de chaleur pour le travail de la forgerie.
Leveraging Pre‐Storm Soil Moisture Estimates for Enhanced Land Surface Model Calibration in Ungauged Hydrologic Basins
Authors: Crow Wade T. , Dong Jianzhi , Reichle Rolf H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDespite long‐standing efforts, hydrologists still lack robust tools for calibrating land surface model (LSM) streamflow estimates within ungauged basins. Using surface soil moisture estimates from the Soil Moisture Active Passive Level 4 Soil Moisture (L4_SM) product, precipitation observations, and streamflow gauge measurements for 617 medium‐scale (200–10,000 km2) basins in the contiguous United States, we measure the temporal (Spearman) rank correlation between antecedent (i.e., pre‐storm) surface soil moisture (ASM) and the storm‐scale runoff coefficient (RC; the fraction of storm‐scale precipitation accumulation converted into streamflow). In humid and semi‐humid basins, this rank correlation is shown to be sufficiently strong to allow for the substitution of storm‐scale RC observations (available only in basins that are both lightly regulated and gauged) with high‐quality ASM values (available quasi‐globally from L4_SM) in streamflow calibration procedures. Using this principle, we define a new, basin‐wise LSM streamflow calibration approach based on L4_SM alone and successfully apply it to identify LSM configurations that produce a high rank correlation with observed RC. However, since the approach cannot detect RC bias, it is less successful in identifying LSM configurations with low mean‐absolute error.
P Waves Emerged From Ambient Noise Cross‐Correlation Post the 2018 Kı̄lauea Eruption Revealing Middle Crust Velocity Discontinuities Beneath the Island of Hawai'i
Authors: Wei XiaoZhuo , Shen Yang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEmpirical Green Functions (EGFs) obtained from ambient noise cross‐correlation are important for imaging and monitoring underground structures. The EGFs on the Island of Hawai'i in different years are similar at low frequencies (0.1–0.4 Hz), but very different at high frequencies (0.4–1.0 Hz): Only the EGFs after the 2018 Kı̄lauea eruption show clear P waves. Grid search reveals a strong noise source near the Kı̄lauea summit before the eruption, which contaminated the EGFs but became silent after the eruption. Modeling of the P waves identifies the direct arrival and post‐critical reflections from two velocity discontinuities at 4.7 and 7.2 km depth beneath the island, which we interpret as the base of volcanic edifices and deposits and the boundary between basaltic dikes and gabbros, respectively. The P waves in EGFs could provide valuable high‐resolution constraints for monitoring deep magmatic changes and imaging the volcano structures.
Evaluation of Polar Winter Mesopause Wind in WACCMX+DART
Authors: Harvey V. Lynn , Pedatella Nick , Becker Erich , Randall Cora 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis work evaluates zonal winds in both hemispheres near the polar winter mesopause in the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) with thermosphere‐ionosphere eXtension combined with data assimilation using the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART) (WACCMX+DART). We compare 14 years (2006–2019) of WACCMX+DART zonal mean zonal winds near 90 km to zonal mean zonal winds derived from Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) geopotential height measurements during Arctic mid‐winter. 10 years (2008–2017) of WACCMX+DART zonal mean zonal winds are compared to SABER in the Antarctic mid‐winter. It is well known that WACCM, and WACCM‐X, zonal winds at the polar winter mesopause exhibit a strong easterly (westward) bias. One explanation for this is that the models omit higher order gravity waves (GWs), and thus the eastward drag caused by these GWs. We show for the first time that the model winds near the polar winter mesopause are in closer agreement with SABER observations when the winds near the stratopause are weak or reversed. The model and observed mesosphere and lower thermosphere winds agree most during dynamically disturbed times often associated with minor or major sudden stratospheric warming events. Results show that the deceleration of the stratospheric and mesospheric polar night jet allows enough eastward GWs to propagate into the mesosphere, driving eastward zonal winds that are in agreement with the observations. Thus, in both hemispheres, the winter polar night jet speed and direction near the stratopause may be a useful proxy for model fidelity in the polar winter upper mesosphere.
Patterns and Regulation of Hypolimnetic CO2 and CH4 in a Tropical Reservoir Using a Process‐Based Modeling Approach
Authors: Soued C. , Prairie Y. T. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHypolimnetic waters and sediments of lakes and reservoirs are active sites of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) production and accumulation. These potent carbon greenhouse gases (C‐GHG) can be emitted to the atmosphere during water column mixing and, for hydropower reservoirs, through deep water discharge from the outflow. Deep CO2 and CH4 concentrations are regulated by sediment‐water flux, aerobic respiration, methanogenesis, CH4 oxidation, and vertical diffusion. These processes are interlinked but have mostly been studied individually, making their relative importance and interactions difficult to disentangle. In this study, we combined empirical observations with an integrative process‐based modeling to examine ecosystem‐scale dynamics of CO2 and CH4 in the deep layer of a permanently stratified reservoir located on the tropical Borneo Island (Malaysia). Oxygen (O2) was a key modulator of deep CO2 and CH4 metabolism, and shaped their spatial and temporal patterns within the reservoir. Our model reproduced the shape of the vertical profiles of gas concentration and isotopic signature, and suggested that deep C‐GHG stocks reached a steady‐state about 10 years after impoundment. Vertical gas diffusivity was the most determinant parameter controlling reservoir deep C‐GHG accumulation through its direct effect on gas transport and its interaction with water column metabolism through O2 regulation. Model results highlighted the interactions, relative importance, and uncertainties of processes controlling deep C‐GHG fluxes. This case study offers an in‐depth comprehension of C‐GHG storage and emissions in a tropical system, as well as a mechanistic framework transferable to other lakes and reservoirs.
Manipulation of single cells via a Stereo Acoustic Streaming Tunnel (SteAST)
Authors: Yang Yang , Pang Wei , Zhang Hongxiang , Cui Weiwei , Jin Ke , Sun Chongling , Wang Yanyan , Zhang Lin , Ren Xiubao , Duan Xuexin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAt the single-cell level, cellular parameters, gene expression and cellular function are assayed on an individual but not population-average basis. Essential to observing and analyzing the heterogeneity and behavior of these cells/clusters is the ability to prepare and manipulate individuals. Here, we demonstrate a versatile microsystem, a stereo acoustic streaming tunnel, which is triggered by ultrahigh-frequency bulk acoustic waves and highly confined by a microchannel. We thoroughly analyze the generation and features of stereo acoustic streaming to develop a virtual tunnel for observation, pretreatment and analysis of cells for different single-cell applications. 3D reconstruction, dissociation of clusters, selective trapping/release, in situ analysis and pairing of single cells with barcode gel beads were demonstrated. To further verify the reliability and robustness of this technology in complex biosamples, the separation of circulating tumor cells from undiluted blood based on properties of both physics and immunity was achieved. With the rich selection of handling modes, the platform has the potential to be a full-process microsystem, from pretreatment to analysis, and used in numerous fields, such as in vitro diagnosis, high-throughput single-cell sequencing and drug development.
M2-like tumor-associated macrophages transmit exosomal miR-27b-3p and maintain glioblastoma stem-like cell properties
Authors: Zhao Guifang , Ding Lijuan , Yu Hongquan , Wang Weiyao , Wang Huan , Hu Yao , Qin Lingsha , Deng Guangce , Xie Buqing , Li Guofeng , Qi Ling 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThere is growing evidence supporting the implications of exosomes-shuttled microRNAs (miRs) in the phenotypes of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), whilst the role of exosomal miR-27b-3p remains to be established. Herein, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of M2 tumor-associated macrophage (TAM)-derived exosomal miR-27b-3p on the function of GSCs. Clinical glioblastoma (GBM) specimens were obtained and GSCs and M2-TAMs were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), and exosomes were separated from M2-TAMs. It was observed that M2-TAM-derived exosomes promoted the stem-like properties of GSCs. Gain- and loss- of function assays were then conducted to explore the effects of exosomal miR-27b-3p and the miR-27b-3p/MLL4/PRDM1 axis on GSC phenotypes. A xenograft tumor model of GBM was further established for in vivo substantiation. Inhibition of miR-27b-3p in M2-TAMs reduced exosomal miR-27b-3p transferred into GSCs and consequently diminished GSC viability in vitro and tumor-promoting effects of GSCs in vivo. The interaction among miR-27b-3p, mixed linked leukemia 4 (MLL4), positive regulatory domain I (PRDM1) was validated by dual-luciferase and ChIP assays. MLL4 positively regulated PRDM1 expression by inducing methylation in the PRDM1 enhancer region and ultimately reduced IL-33 expression. miR-27b-3p targeted MLL4/PRDM1 to activate IL-33 and maintain the stem-like function of GSCs. In conclusion, our study elucidated that M2-TAM-derived exosomal miR-27b-3p enhanced the tumorigenicity of GSCs through the MLL4/PRDM1/IL-33 axis.