bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El español de la zona cafetalera de Puerto Rico y sus narrativas orales como expresión identitaria
Authors: Oliver Rajan Julia 
Published: October 2022

Es común oír en los pueblos costeros de Puerto Rico que un ejemplo del habla campestre o jíbara es “La genti di Laris toma lechi di puti” (La gente de Lares toma leche de pote). Lares, un pueblo rural situado en las montañas al oeste de la isla, tiene como rasgo fonológico el ascenso vocálico de las vocales medias /e/ y /o/. Este fenómeno se encuentra en casi toda la zona cafetalera del oeste, y las personas que tienen este rasgo sufren discriminación lingüística al emigrar a las municipalidades costeras o áreas metropolitanas. A pesar de eso, las comunidades caficultoras gozan de un vasto léxico, expresiones centenarias, historias y memorias que son un patrimonio cultural. El estudio analiza varias historias orales de cuatro participantes del archivo digital Coffee Zone: Del cafetal al futuro. El análisis se hace en un contexto cultural integrado a un marco lingüístico, psicológico y sociológico transdisciplinario. El estudio contribuye al conocimiento y al entendimiento de las narrativas orales como expresión identitaria y comunitaria. Las narrativas identitarias individuales reflejan el viaje histórico-cultural de esta zona y la cohesión social que ha creado la industria del café en Puerto Rico.
Palabras claves: el español de Puerto Rico, narrativas identitarias, ascenso vocálico
Analysis of Transverse Loading on a Beam Utilizing the Beltrami-Michell Equations
Authors: Guido Nathan A. , Li Luo , Khraishi Tariq 
Published: October 2022

The stress field of a beam with a circular cross-section have been developed in the current work. One end of the beam is fixed while the other end is under traverse load at its center. The Beltrami-Michell compatibility equations were utilized to obtain coefficients in an assumed stress function which can be used to derive the stress field. To visualize the stress distribution in the beam, one can use MATLAB to generate surface plots and contour plots for the developed stress field. According to the plots, the maximum can be found at the center area of the cross-section while the minimum is captured at the same area. The maximum shear stress in the section occurs at points along the perimeter of the section. Moreover, the goal of this paper is to prove that any stress function with higher order terms always converge to the same stress solution for the beam utilizing lower order terms.
Interventions Associated With Reduced Loneliness and Social Isolation in Older Adults
Authors: Hoang Peter , King James A. , Moore Sarah , Moore Kim , Reich Krista , Sidhu Harman , Tan Chin Vern , Whaley Colin , McMillan Jacqueline 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceLoneliness and social isolation are public health concerns faced by older adults due to physical, cognitive, and psychosocial changes that develop with aging. Loneliness and social isolation are associated with increased morbidity and mortality.ObjectiveTo evaluate interventions, targeting older adults, associated with a reduction in loneliness and social isolation.Data SourcesOVID, CINAHL, CENTRAL, Embase, PsychINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from inception to March 2020.Study SelectionPeer-reviewed randomized clinical trials measuring loneliness and social isolation or support in adults aged 65 years or older. Only English language articles were included.Data Extraction and SynthesisTwo independent reviewers screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. Random-effects models were performed to pool the overall effect size by intervention. Statistical heterogeneity was evaluated with the I2 statistic and by estimating prediction intervals. Data were analyzed from November 2021 to September 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresQuantitative measures of loneliness, social isolation, or social support based on an effect size of standardized mean differences.ResultsSeventy studies were included in the systematic review (8259 participants); 44 studies were included in the loneliness meta-analysis (33 in the community with 3535 participants; 11 in long-term care with 1057 participants), with participants’ ages ranging from 55 to 100 years. Study sizes ranged from 8 to 741 participants. Interventions included animal therapy, psychotherapy or cognitive behavioral therapy, multicomponent, counseling, exercise, music therapy, occupational therapy, reminiscence therapy, social interventions, and technological interventions. Most interventions had a small effect size. Animal therapy in long-term care, when accounting for studies with no active controls, had the largest effect size on loneliness reduction (−1.86; 95% CI, −3.14 to −0.59; I2 = 86%) followed by technological interventions (videoconferencing) in long-term care (−1.40; 95% CI, −2.37 to −0.44; I2 = 70%).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, animal therapy and technology in long-term care had large effect sizes, but also high heterogeneity, so the effect size’s magnitude should be interpreted with caution. The small number of studies per intervention limits conclusions on sources of heterogeneity. Overall quality of evidence was very low. Future studies should consider measures of social isolation in long-term care and identify the contextual components that are associated with a reduction in loneliness.
Incidence of Kawasaki Disease Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan
Authors: Ae Ryusuke , Makino Nobuko , Kuwabara Masanari , Matsubara Yuri , Kosami Koki , Sasahara Teppei , Nakamura Yosikazu 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceGlobal studies have reported that the incidence of Kawasaki disease (KD) declined during the COVID-19 pandemic. These studies suggest that the global pandemic and its accompanying mitigation measures may provide an important opportunity to explore the hypothesis of a KD pathogenesis.ObjectiveTo compare changes in KD incidence in Japan before and after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study was conducted using the data set from Japan’s 26th nationwide KD survey that obtained information on patients who were diagnosed with KD in Japan from January 1, 2019, through December 31, 2020.Main Outcomes and MeasuresKawasaki disease incidence rates were calculated by referring to the national population data in the vital statistics data for Japan.ResultsA total of 28 520 patients were identified (16 236 male individuals [56.9%]; median [IQR] age, 26 [14-44] months). A total of 17 347 patients were diagnosed with KD in 2019 and 11 173 were diagnosed in 2020, representing a 35.6% reduction in the number of patients diagnosed in 2020 compared with the previous year. Patient distributions for days of illness at the first hospital visit were almost identical in 2019 and 2020, suggesting that the decrease in KD incidence likely was not associated with pandemic-related delays in seeking treatment. The proportion of patients diagnosed with KD who were younger than 12 months was significantly larger in 2020 than in 2019 (21.6% vs 19.4%; P &amp;lt; .001). Compared with KD incidence among younger patients, the incidence among those 24 months and older declined rapidly after initiation of COVID-19 special mitigation measures, with a greater percentage reduction (58.3% reduction in July), but rebounded faster after the end of the special mitigation period. By contrast, the incidence among patients younger than 12 months declined moderately after the initiation of the special mitigation period, with a lower percentage reduction (40.3% reduction in October), and rebounded at a later phase.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, the number of patients diagnosed with KD decreased by approximately one-third across Japan in 2020, with no indication that parents avoided a hospital visit. Differences in KD incidence reduction patterns before and after the initiation of COVID-19 pandemic mitigation measures were found in patients with KD aged younger than 12 months compared with those 24 months or older, suggesting a potential KD pathogenesis involving transmission among children.
Popular epistemically unwarranted beliefs inventory (PEUBI): A psychometric instrument for assessing paranormal, pseudoscientific and conspiracy beliefs
Authors: Huete‐Pérez Daniel , Morales‐Vives Fabia , Gavilán José M. , Boada Roger , Haro Juan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStudying epistemically unwarranted beliefs (EUB) is relevant at basic, applied, and social levels. However, EUB scales validated in Spain are scare. Consequently, we aimed to develop and validate a scale of this kind. One thousand four hundred and sixty participants answered to a preliminary version of the questionnaire. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed the final form of PEUBI: a 36‐item instrument with five related factors (Superstitions, Occultism and Pseudoscience, Traditional Religion, Extraordinary Life Forms, and Conspiracy Theories). The results showed that the items were little affected by social desirability bias. PEUBI factor scores showed good internal consistency (estimates between .85 and .97), test–retest reliability (estimates between .75 and .93), and convergent‐divergent validity. Sociodemographic differences were also explored, observing lower levels of EUB in men, elders, from pure sciences and technology, and atheists. In conclusion, PEUBI is a valid and reliable psychometric instrument to assess paranormal, pseudoscientific and conspiracy beliefs in Spanish adults.
Identifying Inflammation in Knee Osteoarthritis: Relationship of Synovial Fluid White Blood Cell Count to Effusion‐Synovitis on Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: MacFarlane Lindsey A. , Arant Kaetlyn R. , Kostic Aleksandra M. , Mass Hanna , Jones Morgan H. , Collins Jamie E. , Losina Elena , Katz Jeffrey N. 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveInflammation is a potential pain generator and treatment target in knee osteoarthritis (OA). Inflammation can be detected on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and by synovial fluid white blood cell count (WBC). However, the performance characteristics of synovial fluid WBC for the detection of synovitis have not been established. This study was undertaken to determine the sensitivity and specificity of synovial fluid WBC in identifying inflammation in knee OA using MRI effusion‐synovitis as the gold standard.MethodsWe identified records of patients seen at an academic center with a diagnosis code for knee OA, a procedural code for knee aspiration, and a laboratory order for synovial fluid WBC in the same encounter, as well as an MRI within 12 months of the aspiration. MRIs were read for effusion‐synovitis using the MRI OA Knee Score (MOAKS). We dichotomized effusion‐synovitis as 1) none or small, or 2) medium or large. We calculated the sensitivity and specificity of synovial fluid WBC using MRI effusion‐synovitis (medium/large) as the gold standard. We used the Youden index to identify the best cut point.ResultsWe included 75 patients. Mean ± SD age was 63 ± 12 years, and 69% were female. The synovial fluid WBC was higher in the medium/large effusion‐synovitis group (median 335 [interquartile range (IQR) 312]) than in the none/small group (median 194 [IQR 272]). The optimal cut point was 242, yielding a sensitivity of 71% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 56–83%) and specificity of 63% (95% CI 41–81%).ConclusionThe sensitivity and specificity of synovial fluid WBC in identifying effusion‐synovitis on MRI were limited. Further research is needed to better understand the association between MRI and effusion‐synovitis measured by synovial fluid and to determine which measure more strongly relates to synovial histopathology and patient outcomes.
Liquid–Liquid Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Harvesting Distributed Energy
Authors: Zhang Ruotong , Lin Haisong , Pan Yi , Li Chang , Yang Zhenyu , Tian Jingxuan , Shum Ho Cheung 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAs one of the most widely distributed water resources, rainwater contains tremendous energy that cannot be effectively utilized by the conventional electromagnetic generators. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) represent a distributed method to convert trivial mechanical energy into electricity based on contact electrification. Benefiting from the large and replenishable contact interfaces in liquid–liquid systems, liquid–liquid TENG further promises efficient charge transfer. However, the limited understanding of liquid–liquid contact electrification has restricted its development. In this study, the mechanisms of contact electrification in various liquid–liquid systems is comprehensively investigated and thus a liquid–liquid TENG with optimized materials and structures to harvest energy from rainwater is demonstrated. The proposed liquid–liquid TENG generates a high charge density (3.63 µC L−1) with high output stability (crest factor ≈1.1) and long effective contact electrification time. Based on the direct current characteristics, energy harvested from rainwater can be fed directly to electronic devices and a self‐powered rainfall sensor can also be implemented. This study highlights the promise of all‐liquid systems in distributed green energy and passive sensors, offering a new perspective on self‐powered devices.
Selective Area Growth of PbTe Nanowire Networks on InP
Authors: Jung Jason , Schellingerhout Sander G. , Ritter Markus F. , ten Kate Sofieke C. , van der Molen Orson A.H. , de Loijer Sem , Verheijen Marcel A. , Riel Heike , Nichele Fabrizio , Bakkers Erik P.A.M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHybrid semiconductor–superconductor nanowires are promising candidates as quantum information processing devices. The need for scalability and complex designs calls for the development of selective area growth techniques. Here, the growth of large scale lead telluride (PbTe) networks is introduced by molecular beam epitaxy. The group IV‐VI lead‐salt semiconductor is an attractive material choice due to its large dielectric constant, strong spin‐orbit coupling, and high carrier mobility. A crystal re‐orientation process during the initial growth stages leads to single crystalline nanowire networks despite a large lattice mismatch, different crystal structure, and diverging thermal expansion coefficient to the indium phosphide (InP) substrate. The high quality of the resulting material is confirmed by Hall bar measurements, indicating mobilities up to 5600 cm2 (Vs)−1, and Aharonov–Bohm experiments, indicating a low‐temperature phase coherence length exceeding 21 µm. Together, these properties show the high potential of the system as a basis for topological networks.
All‐Ceramic Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvester
Authors: Liu Yang , Ding Libo , Dai Le , Gao Xuan , Wu Hanzhou , Wang Shuhao , Zhuang Chenggang , Cai Ling , Liu Zhen , Liu Lisha , Zhang Ji , Wang Yaojin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWith the rapid development of self‐powered electronics such as wearables, implantable devices, and sensor networks, there is an increasing demand for power sources that have a high power density and a long lifespan to keep the entire system operational. Flexible piezoelectric materials with the capability of mechanical‐to‐electrical energy conversion have attracted significant interest because of their immense potential for harvesting human biomechanical energy. Herein, 3 mol.% yttrium stabilized zirconia ribbon ceramic is selected as a unique substrate to manufacture a large‐scale and all‐ceramic flexible Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 piezoelectric energy harvester via the cost‐effective one‐step process. The flexible piezoelectric energy harvester delivers excellent performance with an open‐circuit voltage of ~105 V and short‐circuit current of ~0.58 µA under mechanical strain equivalent to human movement. Moreover, the output voltage of a flexible piezoelectric energy harvester varies linearly with strain, allowing it a promising candidate as a self‐powered strain sensor. Of particular importance is that a large‐scale piezoelectric energy harvester (4 × 4 cm2) can simultaneously light up eight commercial light emitting diodes without any external power source and circuit. This research provides an innovative approach to the fabrication of high‐performance and large‐scale flexible piezoelectric energy harvesters as well as self‐powered micromechanical devices.
Synergistic Reinforcing of Immunogenic Cell Death and Transforming Tumor‐Associated Macrophages Via a Multifunctional Cascade Bioreactor for Optimizing Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Huang Cong , Lin Bingquan , Chen Chuyao , Wang Huaiming , Lin Xiaosheng , Liu Jiamin , Ren Qingfan , Tao Jia , Zhao Peng , Xu Yikai 
Published: October 2022

AbstractImmunogenic cell death (ICD) has aroused widespread attention because it can reconstruct a tumor microenvironment and activate antitumor immunity. This study proposes a two‐way enhancement of ICD based on a CaO2@CuS–MnO2@HA (CCMH) nanocomposite to overcome the insufficient damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) of conventional ICD‐inducers. The near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation (1064 nm) of CuS nanoparticles generates 1O2 through photodynamic therapy (PDT) to trigger ICD, and it also damages the Ca2+ buffer function of mitochondria. Additionally, CaO2 nanoparticles react with H2O to produce a large amount of O2 and Ca2+, which respectively lead to enhanced PDT and Ca2+ overload during mitochondrial damage, thereby triggering a robust ICD activation. Moreover, oxidative‐damaged mitochondrial DNA, induced by PDT and released from tumor cells, reprograms the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by transforming tumor‐associated macrophages to the M1 subphenotype. This study shows that CCMH with NIR‐II irradiation can elicit adequate DAMPs and an active tumor‐immune microenvironment for both 4T1 and CT26 tumor models. Combining this method with an immune checkpoint blockade can realize an improved immunotherapy efficacy and long‐term protection effect for body.
Unravelling the Interfacial Dynamics of Bandgap Funneling in Bismuth‐Based Halide Perovskites
Authors: Tang Yunqi , Mak Chun Hong , Zhang Jun , Jia Guohua , Cheng Kuan‐Chen , Song Haisheng , Yuan Mingjian , Zhao Shijun , Kai Ji‐Jung , Colmenares Juan Carlos , Hsu Hsien‐Yi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAn environmentally friendly mixed‐halide perovskite MA3Bi2Cl9−xIx with a bandgap funnel structure has been developed. However, the dynamic interfacial interactions of bandgap funneling in MA3Bi2Cl9−xIx perovskites in the photoelectrochemical (PEC) system remain ambiguous. In light of this, single‐ and mixed‐halide lead‐free bismuth‐based hybrid perovskites—MA3Bi2Cl9−yIy and MA3Bi2I9 (named MBCl‐I and MBI)—in the presence and absence of the bandgap funnel structure, respectively, are prepared. Using temperature‐dependent transient photoluminescence and electrochemical voltammetric techniques, the photophysical and (photo)electrochemical phenomena of solid–solid and solid–liquid interfaces for MBCl‐I and MBI halide perovskites are therefore confirmed. Concerning the mixed‐halide hybrid perovskites MBCl‐I with a bandgap funnel structure, stronger electronic coupling arising from an enhanced overlap of electronic wavefunctions results in more efficient exciton transport. Besides, MBCl‐I's effective diffusion coefficient and electron‐transfer rate demonstrate efficient heterogeneous charge transfer at the solid–liquid interface, generating improved photoelectrochemical hydrogen production. Consequently, this combination of photophysical and electrochemical techniques opens up an avenue to explore the intrinsic and interfacial properties of semiconductor materials for elucidating the correlation between material characterization and device performance.
Robust Organic–Inorganic Heterosynapses with High PPF and Broad Photoperception
Authors: Ban Chaoyi , Zhang Zicheng , Song Cheng , Zhang Heshan , Luo Xu , Wang Xiaojing , Liu Juqing , Liu Zhengdong , Huang Wei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHybrid heterostructures are promising neurotransmitter platforms for photonic synapses in bioinspired optoelectronics. Organic–inorganic heterostructures have the features of a wide photoresponse and wet synthesis but still face poor stability and limited comprehensive performance. Here, it has been reported ultrastable and broadband photonic synaptic behaviors from solution‐processed cross‐linked conjugated polymer/zinc oxide nanorod heterostructures, which can be formed by in situ polymerization and hydrothermal methods. Light‐tunable synaptic function enables neuromorphic behaviors, such as high paired‐pulse facilitation, short‐ and long‐term plasticity, over the UV‐to‐visible spectral range. Impressively, the heterosynapse can maintain clear synaptic plasticity after being annealed in ambient air at 300 °C, showing robust thermal stability in harsh conditions. Moreover, visual perception and recognition can be mimicked with our synapse arrays, providing a reliable pathway to construct stable neurotransmitters toward practical neuromorphic optoelectronics.
3D Printing of Hierarchical Porous Ceramics for Thermal Insulation and Evaporative Cooling
Authors: Dutto Alessandro , Zanini Michele , Jeoffroy Etienne , Tervoort Elena , Mhatre Saurabh A. , Seibold Zachary B. , Bechthold Martin , Studart André R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMaterials for thermal management of buildings offer an attractive approach to reduce energy demands and carbon emissions in the infrastructure sector, but many of the state‐of‐the‐art insulators are still expensive, flammable, or difficult to recycle. Here, a 3D printing process is developed and studied to create hierarchical porous ceramics for thermal insulation and passive cooling using recyclable and widely available clay as raw material. Inks comprising particle‐stabilized foams are employed as a template for the generation of the hierarchical porosity. Using foams with optimized rheological properties, the printing parameters and sintering conditions required for the manufacturing of hierarchical porous ceramics via Direct Ink Writing are established. The sintering temperature is found to strongly affect the size distribution of micropores, thus controlling the mechanical, thermal, and evaporative cooling properties of sintered printed structures. By combining suspension‐ and foam‐based inks in a multimaterial printing approach, inexpensive and recyclable clay‐based bricks are manufactured with structural, thermal insulating, and passive cooling capabilities.
High‐Performance Directly Patterned Nanograting Perovskite Photodetector with Interdigitated Electrodes
Authors: Lin Dayang , Liu Jinbo , Haroldson Ross , Moon Jiyoung , Li Zhitong , Zakhidov Anvar , Hu Wenchuang , Gu Qing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSolution‐processed organic–inorganic metal halide perovskites have recently attracted tremendous attention in the photodetector community due to their excellent optoelectronic properties and facile fabrication. The main challenge in perovskite photodetectors (PSPDs) is to achieve high responsivity and fast speed simultaneously. In this work, this challenge is overcome by employing a directly patterned nanograting methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) film in metal‐semiconductor‐metal (MSM) PSPD on interdigitated indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. Because of the improved perovskite morphology after directly patterning by nanoimprint lithography, as well as the enhanced electric field intensity by the perovskite nanograting and interdigitated electrodes, the PSPDs have responsivity of 441 A W−1, detectivity of 8.32 × 1012 Jones, response time of 10.7 µs, all of which are among the best performances in MSM PSPDs. Moreover, the PSPDs maintain excellent photocurrent performance after 20 days of air exposure. The approach opens a path to manufacturing‐friendly, high‐performance, and reliable PSPDs and paves the way toward perovskite‐based optoelectronic circuits.