bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The dynamic interplay between sleep and mood: an intensive longitudinal study of individuals with bipolar disorder
Authors: Lewis K. J. S. , Tilling K. , Gordon-Smith K. , Saunders K. E. A. , Di Florio A. , Jones L. , Jones I. , O'Donovan M. C. , Heron J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundSleep disturbances are important symptoms to monitor in people with bipolar disorder (BD) but the precise longitudinal relationships between sleep and mood remain unclear. We aimed to examine associations between stable and dynamic aspects of sleep and mood in people with BD, and assess individual differences in the strength of these associations.MethodsParticipants (N = 649) with BD-I (N = 400) and BD-II (N = 249) provided weekly self-reports of insomnia, depression and (hypo)mania symptoms using the True Colours online monitoring tool for 21 months. Dynamic structural equation models were used to examine the interplay between weekly reports of insomnia and mood. The effects of clinical and demographic characteristics on associations were also assessed.ResultsIncreased variability in insomnia symptoms was associated with increased mood variability. In the sample as a whole, we found strong evidence of bidirectional relationships between insomnia and depressive symptoms but only weak support for bidirectional relationships between insomnia and (hypo)manic symptoms. We found substantial variability between participants in the strength of prospective associations between insomnia and mood, which depended on age, gender, bipolar subtype, and a history of rapid cycling.ConclusionsOur results highlight the importance of monitoring sleep in people with BD. However, researchers and clinicians investigating the association between sleep and mood should consider subgroup differences in this relationship. Advances in digital technology mean that intensive longitudinal data on sleep and mood are becoming increasingly available. Novel methods to analyse these data present an exciting opportunity for furthering our understanding of BD.
Developmental pathways from child maltreatment to adolescent pregnancy: A multiple mediational model
Authors: Russotti Justin , Font Sarah A. , Toth Sheree L. , Noll Jennie G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAdolescent pregnancy (AP) is a significant public health issue. Child maltreatment (CM) represents an established risk factor, yet little is known about the explanatory mechanisms linking the phenomena. Informed by developmental theory, this study prospectively tested seven multi-level, indirect pathways that could plausibly explain the relationship between CM and AP: (1) substance use (polysubstance use and frequency); (2) sexual risk behavior; (3) depressive symptoms; (4) posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms; (5) cognitive dysregulation; (6) pregnancy desire and difficulty expectancies; and (7) age at menarche. Data came from a prospective, longitudinal cohort study of 469 ethnically diverse, nulliparous adolescent females, designed to examine the impact of substantiated CM on reproductive outcomes such as pregnancy and childbirth (265 maltreated and 204 demographically matched comparison adolescents). A multiple-mediator structural equation model was conducted to simultaneously test multiple indirect effects while accounting for confounding variables. Maltreatment had an indirect effect on pregnancy via substance use and higher pregnancy desire/lower perceived difficulty. Findings represent a step towards elucidating pathways linking CM with AP. Recommendations are offered to prevent pregnancy by addressing the pregnancy-specific mechanisms that are part of the maltreatment sequelae.
Neither environmental unpredictability nor harshness predict reliance on alloparental care among families in Cebu, Philippines
Authors: Rosenbaum Stacy , Kuzawa Christopher W. , McDade Thomas W. , Bechayda Sonny Agustin , Gettler Lee T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlloparental caregiving is key to humans’ highly flexible reproductive strategies. Across species and across societies, alloparental care is more common in harsh and/or unpredictable environments (HUEs). Currently, however, it is unclear whether HUEs predict intra-population variation in alloparental care, or whether early life HUEs might predict later alloparental care use in adulthood, consistent with adaptive developmental plasticity. We test whether harshness measures (socioeconomic status (SES), environmental hygiene, crowding) and unpredictability measures (parental unemployment, paternal absence, household moves) predicted how much alloparental assistance families in Cebu, Philippines received, in a multigenerational study with data collected across four decades. Though worse environmental hygiene predicted more concurrent alloparental care in 1994, we found little evidence that HUEs predict within-population variation in alloparental care in this large-scale, industrialized society. Indeed, less-crowded conditions and higher SES predicted more alloparental care, not less, in the 1980s and in 2014 respectively, while paternal absence in middle childhood predicted less reliance on alloparental care in adulthood. In this cultural context, our results generally do not provide support for the translation of interspecific or intersocietal patterns linking HUEs and alloparental care to intra-population variation in alloparental care, nor for the idea that a reproductive strategy emphasizing alloparental care use may be preceded by early life HUEs.
GAPS IN THE THUE–MORSE WORD
Authors: SPIEGELHOFER LUKAS 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Thue–Morse sequence is a prototypical automatic sequence found in diverse areas of mathematics, and in computer science. We study occurrences of factors w within this sequence, or more precisely, the sequence of gaps between consecutive occurrences. This gap sequence is morphic; we prove that it is not automatic as soon as the length of w is at least
$2$
, thereby answering a question by J. Shallit in the affirmative. We give an explicit method to compute the discrepancy of the number of occurrences of the block
$\mathtt {01}$
in the Thue–Morse sequence. We prove that the sequence of discrepancies is the sequence of output sums of a certain base-
$2$
transducer.
On RVaR-based optimal partial hedging
Authors: Melnikov Alexander , Wan Hongxi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe main aim of this paper is to develop an optimal partial hedging strategy that minimises an investor’s shortfall subject to an initial wealth constraint. The risk criterion we employ is a robust tail risk measure called Range Value-at-Risk (RVaR) which belongs to a wider class of distortion risk measures and contains the well-known measures VaR and CVaR as important limiting cases. Explicit forms of such RVaR-based optimal hedging strategies are derived. In addition, we provide a numerical example to demonstrate how to apply this more comprehensive methodology of partial hedging in the area of mixed finance/insurance contracts in the market with long-range dependence.
Remote Stories, Local Meanings: Knowledge Transfer and Acculturation Strategies in Nahua Sociocultural History
Authors: Olko Justyna 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper I carry out a microphilological study of a section of the Codex Indianorum 7, a colonial devotional manuscript in Nahuatl preserved in the John Carter Brown Library. It contains wisdom teachings derived from the biblical Book of Tobit and directed to both parents and their children. I argue that this hitherto unstudied text reveals the Native author's liberty to creatively mold and adapt a culturally remote European prototype into the Native genre of oratorical art—the huehuehtlahtolli, or “words of the elders.” The author also skillfully embedded and contextualized the content of the biblical instruction in local cultural meanings understandable and valid to an Indigenous audience. As an example of cross-cultural translation and colonial textual production, this source provides new insights into Native forms of agency, intellectual autonomy, and acculturation strategies reflected in creative dialogues with European traditions, developed and maintained despite the seemingly substitutive Christianization policies imposed on Indigenous people in the sixteenth century.
Tracking Crustal Permeability and Hydrothermal Response During Seafloor Eruptions at the East Pacific Rise, 9°50’N
Authors: Barreyre T. , Parnell‐Turner R. , Wu J.‐N. , Fornari D. J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPermeability controls energy and matter fluxes in deep‐sea hydrothermal systems fueling a 'deep biosphere' of microorganisms. Here, we indirectly measure changes in sub‐seafloor crustal permeability, based on the tidal response of high‐temperature hydrothermal vents at the East Pacific Rise 9°50’N preceding the last phase of volcanic eruptions during 2005–2006. Ten months before the last phase of the eruptions, permeability decreased, first rapidly, and then steadily as the stress built up, until hydrothermal flow stopped altogether ∼2 weeks prior to the January 2006 eruption phase. This trend was interrupted by abrupt permeability increases, attributable to dike injection during last phase of the eruptions, which released crustal stress, allowing hydrothermal flow to resume. These observations and models suggest that abrupt changes in crustal permeability caused by magmatic intrusion and volcanic eruption can control first‐order hydrothermal circulation processes. This methodology has the potential to aid eruption forecasting along the global mid‐ocean ridge network.
Where and How Often Does Rain Prevent Dust Emission?
Authors: Okin Gregory S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPrecipitation‐derived soil moisture in the active aeolian layer (the top ∼2 mm of the soil) impacts dust emission by increasing the threshold for emission. The purpose of this study was to use data similar to those used in global and regional dust emission models to calculate the probability that a high wind event happens during the period that antecedent precipitation would have left the active layer wet. The results indicate that the answer to this question is more strongly related to regional climate than soil texture. For more than half of the global drylands, the probability of precipitation influencing dust emission is greater than 30%–40%. Thus, rain‐derived soil moisture in the active layer should not be ignored in models throughout much of the world's dust producing regions. However, because the thin active layer dries faster than the underlying soil, models that use thick surface soil layer moisture for this may underestimate dust emission.
Impact of Spreading Rate and Age‐Offset on Oceanic Transform Fault Morphology
Authors: Ren Yu , Geersen Jacob , Grevemeyer Ingo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOceanic transform faults (OTFs) are an inherent part of seafloor spreading and plate tectonics, whereas the process controlling their morphology remains enigmatic. Here, we systematically quantify variations in transform morphology and their dependence on spreading rate and age‐offset, based on a compilation of shipborne bathymetric data from 94 OTFs at ultraslow‐ to intermediate‐spreading ridges. In general, the length, width and depth of OTFs scale systematically better with age‐offset rather than spreading rate. This observation supports recent geodynamic models proposing that cross‐transform extension scaling with age‐offset, is a key process of transform dynamics. On the global scale, OTFs with larger age‐offsets tend to have longer, wider, and deeper valleys. However, at small age‐offsets (<5 Myr), scatters in the depth and width of OTFs increase, indicating that small age‐offset OTFs with weak lithospheric strength are easily affected by secondary tectonic processes.
Deformation of Electron Distributions Due to Landau Trapping by the Whistler‐Mode Wave
Authors: Ke Yangguang , Gao Xinliang , Lu Quanming , Wang Xueyi , Chen Rui , Chen Huayue , Wang Shui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhistler‐mode waves can modulate the electron distributions through wave‐particle interactions in the Earth's inner magnetosphere. In this paper, we have investigated the effects of the whistler waves on the electron distributions by a combination of electron magnetohydrodynamics and test‐particle simulations. Our simulations show a parallel whistler wave becomes gradually oblique during its propagation from the magnetic equator to higher latitudes. Such a whistler wave causes distinct flux increases of tens of keV electrons at large pitch angles to form electron butterfly distributions. This whistler wave traps numerous resonant electrons and transports them from lower latitudes to higher latitudes through nonlinear Landau trapping. Meanwhile, these trapped electrons are efficiently accelerated to higher energies contributing to the rapid formation of electron butterfly distributions at higher latitudes. Our study suggests nonlinear Landau trapping is a potential formation mechanism of the electron butterfly distributions observed in the Earth's inner magnetosphere.
Tectonic and Climatic Impacts on Environmental Evolution in East Asia During the Palaeogene
Authors: Jiang H. , Zhang J. , Zhang S. , Zhong N. , Wan S. , Alsop G. I. , Xu H. , Guo Q. , Yan Z. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPalaeogene environmental evolution in East Asia remains ambiguous. Here we present integrative work including magnetostratigraphy, grain‐size, geochemistry, and clay mineralalogy from a 1609 m‐thick fluviolacustrine sequence in eastern China. The results reveal two periods of tectonic control alternating with three periods of climatic control on the sedimentary evolution. Tectonic activity in the study area, as revealed by particle coarsening and reduced weathering, occurred during 65.6–59 Ma and strengthened in Asia during 55–54 Ma in response to the India‐Eurasia collision. Weathering gradually enhanced in East Asia during 59–55 Ma, probably caused by global warming. Continuous global warming during 54–50.5 Ma is responsible for enhanced aridification in East Asia. From 50.5 to 37.6 Ma, global cooling weakened evapotranspiration and increased westerlies‐derived moisture. Both aspects increased effective moisture and chemical weathering in East Asia. These results shed light on how alternating tectonism and climate change impacted environmental evolution in Asia during the Palaeogene.
Spectral Evidence for Irradiated Sodium Chloride on the Surface of 1 Ceres
Authors: Bramble Michael S. , Hand Kevin P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBright spots on the surface of Ceres exhibit a mineralogy resulting from aqueous processes that hint at past elements of an aqueous world. Reports of hydrated sodium chloride (hydrohalite) at Occator crater suggested that the salts may result from deep brines that reached the surface recently or currently, but the spectral characteristics of alkali halides make their identification difficult. However, anhydrous sodium chloride (halite) develops readily identifiable absorption features when exposed to a radiation environment of high energy particles. We report on spectroscopic evidence, in the form of irradiation‐formed color centers, that suggests halite is a component of the bright surface features at Ceres. The spatial extent and inferred abundance are found to be greater than previously reported for hydrohalite. These findings imply that the emplacement of endogenic sodium chloride on the surface occurred via a suite of processes and that subsurface liquid water environments may have persisted through time.
Deep Coseismic Slip in the Cascadia Megathrust Can Be Consistent With Coastal Subsidence
Authors: Melgar Diego , Sahakian Valerie J. , Thomas Amanda M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAt subduction zones, the down‐dip limit of slip represents how deep an earthquake can rupture. For hazards it is important ‐ it controls the intensity of shaking and the pattern of coseismic uplift and subsidence. In the Cascadia Subduction Zone, because no large magnitude events have been observed in instrumental times, the limit is inferred from geological estimates of coastal subsidence during previous earthquakes; it is typically assumed to coincide approximately with the coastline. This is at odds with geodetic coupling models as it leaves residual slip deficits unaccommodated on a large swath of the megathrust. Here we will show that ruptures can penetrate deeper into the megathrust and still produce coastal subsidence provided slip decreases with depth. We will discuss the impacts of this on expected shaking intensities.
The Impact of Energetic Particles on the Martian Ionosphere During a Full Solar Cycle of Radar Observations: Radar Blackouts
Authors: Lester Mark , Sanchez‐Cano Beatriz , Potts Daniel , Lillis Rob , Cartacci Marco , Bernardini Fabrizio , Orosei Roberto , Perry Matthew , Putzig Nathaniel , Campbell Bruce , Blelly Pierre‐Louis , Milan Steve , Opgenoorth Hermann , Witasse Olivier , Redrojo Elena M. M. , Russell Aaron 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe present the first long‐term characterization of ionization layers in the lower ionosphere of Mars (below ∼90 km), a region inaccessible to orbital in‐situ observations, based on an analysis of radar echo blackouts observed on Mars Express and the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter from 2006 to 2017. A blackout occurs when the expected surface reflection is partly or totally attenuated for portions of an observation. Enhanced ionization at altitudes of 60–90 km, below the main ionospheric electron density peak, leads to increased absorption of the radar signal, resulting in the blackouts. We find that (a) MARSIS, operating at frequencies between 1.8 and 5 MHz, suffered more blackouts than SHARAD, which has a higher carrier frequency (20 MHz), (b) there is a clear correlation of blackout occurrence with solar cycle, (c) there is no apparent relationship between blackout occurrence and crustal magnetic fields, and (d) blackouts occur during both nightside and dayside observations, although the peak occurrence is deep on the nightside. Analysis of Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN Solar Energetic Particle electron counts between 20 and 200 keV demonstrates that these electrons are likely responsible for attenuating the radar signals. We investigate the minimum SEP electron fluxes required to ionize the lower atmosphere and produce measurable attenuation. When both radars experience a blackout, the SEP electron fluxes are at their highest. Based on several case studies, we find that the average SEP spectrum responsible for a blackout is particularly enhanced at its higher energy end, that is, above 70 keV.
A Theoretical Framework of Chorus Wave Excitation
Authors: Zonca F. , Tao X. , Chen L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe propose a self‐consistent theoretical framework of chorus wave excitation, which describes the evolution of the whistler fluctuation spectrum as well as the suprathermal electron distribution function. The renormalized hot electron response is cast in the form of a Dyson‐like equation, which then leads to evolution equations for nonlinear fluctuation growth and frequency shift. This approach allows us to analytically derive for the first time exactly the same expression for the chorus chirping rate originally proposed by Vomvoridis et al. (1982). Chorus chirping is shown to correspond to maximization of wave particle power exchange, where each individual wave belonging to the whistler wave packet is characterized by small nonlinear frequency shift. We also show that different interpretations of chorus chirping proposed in published literature have a consistent reconciliation within the present theoretical framework, which further illuminates the analogy with similar phenomena in fusion plasmas and free electron laser physics.
A Scheme to Suppress Spurious Convection by Assimilating the "Zero" Column Maximum Vertical Velocity
Authors: Gan Ruhui , Yang Yi , Qiu Xuexing , Liu Peng , Wang Xuesen , Gu Kaiqiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSuppressing spurious precipitation is one of the key issues in numerical weather prediction. To thoroughly suppress spurious convection, it is necessary to both inhibit the development of convection in false convection areas and weaken the heat and momentum exchange between false convection areas and other surrounding regions. In this study, a scheme to suppress spurious convection through cyclically assimilating the "zero" column maximum vertical velocity (wmax) using the ensemble square root filter (EnSRF) method is proposed. The "zero" wmax is the average wmax over the no‐rain echo region in the background field which is normally close to 0 m s−1. Two convective events that exhibit different characteristics are studied. The results show that the assimilation of "zero" wmax can suppress the upward motion and reduce the water vapor and hydrometeors of the background field in the false convection region, which can effectively suppress the development of spurious convection. In addition, the scheme can reduce the water vapor transport from surrounding areas to the spurious convection region and weaken the cold pool on the ground, which is not conducive to the regeneration and maintenance of false convection. The forecasts of reflectivity and precipitation show that the assimilation of "zero" wmax can effectively suppress either the strong false convection band or the weak spurious convection surrounding the true rain band and can decrease the false alarm rate of reflectivity and precipitation.
Cold Air Outbreaks in Fram Strait: Climatology, Trends, and Observations During an Extreme Season in 2020
Authors: Dahlke Sandro , Solbès Amélie , Maturilli Marion 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFram Strait in the northern North Atlantic is a key region for marine cold air outbreaks (MCAOs), southward discharges of polar air under northerly air flow, which have a strong impact on air‐sea heat fluxes, boundary layer processes and severe weather. This study investigates climatologies and decadal trends of Fram Strait MCAOs of different intensity classes based on the ERA5 reanalysis product for 1979–2020. Among striking interannual variability, it is shown that the main MCAO season is December through March, when MCAOs occur around 2/3 of the time. We report on significant decadal MCAO decreases in December and January, and a significant increase in March. While the mid‐winter decrease is mainly related to the different paces of warming between the surface and the lower atmosphere, the increase in March can be related to changes in synoptic circulation patterns. As an explanation for the latter, a possible feedback between retreating Barents Sea sea ice, enhanced cyclonic activity and Fram Strait MCAOs is postulated. Exemplifying the trend toward stronger MCAOs during March, the study details the recordbreaking MCAO season in early 2020, and an observational case study of an extreme MCAO event in March 2020 is conducted. Thereby, radiosonde observations are combined with kinematic air back‐trajectories to provide rare observational evidence for the diabatic cooling and drying during the MCAO preconditioning phase.