bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Memo for Nemo
Authors: Firebrace William 
Published: October 2022

A cultural history of living in the undersea, both fictional and real, from Jules Verne's Captain Nemo to NASA's ECC02 project.
In Memo for Nemo, William Firebrace investigates human inhabitation of the undersea, both fictional and real. Beginning with Jules Verne's Captain Nemo—an undersea Renaissance man with a library of 12,000 volumes on his submarine—and proceeding through aquariums, undersea photography, artificial seas on land, nuclear-powered submarines, undersea film epics, giant squid, and NASA satellites, Firebrace examines the undersea as a zone created by exploration and invention. Throughout, the history of undersea life is accompanied by an imagined undersea, envisioned by cultural figures ranging from Verne and Herman Melville to Orson Welles and Jimi Hendrix.
Firebrace takes readers though the enormous sequence of rooms (impossible in real life) in Nemo's submarine, recounts the competition among nineteenth-century cities to build the most spectacular aquatic world, and explains the workings of the bathysphere—an early underwater vessel modeled on a hot-air balloon. He considers the aquarium's function in films as a sort of viewing lens, describes the chlorine-proof artificial sea life seen by passengers on the submarine ride at Disneyland, and reports that Jacques Cousteau's famous underwater documentaries were in fact highly staged.
The oceans of today are not those imagined by Verne; they are changing from both natural processes and human influence. Memo for Nemo documents the power of the undersea in both art and life.
The Pentagon, Climate Change, and War
Authors: Crawford Neta C. 
Published: October 2022

How the Pentagon became the world's largest single greenhouse gas emitter and why it's not too late to break the link between national security and fossil fuel consumption.
The military has for years (unlike many politicians) acknowledged that climate change is real, creating conditions so extreme that some military officials fear future climate wars. At the same time, the U.S. Department of Defense—military forces and DOD agencies—is the largest single energy consumer in the United States and the world's largest institutional greenhouse gas emitter. In this eye-opening book, Neta Crawford traces the U.S. military's growing consumption of energy and calls for a reconceptualization of foreign policy and military doctrine. Only such a rethinking, she argues, will break the link between national security and fossil fuels.
The Pentagon, Climate Change, and War shows how the U.S. economy and military together have created a deep and long-term cycle of economic growth, fossil fuel use, and dependency. This cycle has shaped U.S. military doctrine and, over the past fifty years, has driven the mission to protect access to Persian Gulf oil. Crawford shows that even as the U.S. military acknowledged and adapted to human-caused climate change, it resisted reporting its own greenhouse gas emissions.
Examining the idea of climate change as a “threat multiplier” in national security, she argues that the United States faces more risk from climate change than from lost access to Persian Gulf oil—or from most military conflicts. The most effective way to cut military emissions, Crawford suggests provocatively, is to rethink U.S. grand strategy, which would enable the United States to reduce the size and operations of the military.
The Neurocognitive Theory of Dreaming
Authors: Domhoff G. William 
Published: October 2022

A comprehensive neurocognitive theory of dreaming based on the theories, methodologies, and findings of cognitive neuroscience and the psychological sciences.
G. William Domhoff's neurocognitive theory of dreaming is the only theory of dreaming that makes full use of the new neuroimaging findings on all forms of spontaneous thought and shows how well they explain the results of rigorous quantitative studies of dream content. Domhoff identifies five separate issues—neural substrates, cognitive processes, the psychological meaning of dream content, evolutionarily adaptive functions, and historically invented cultural uses—and then explores how they are intertwined. He also discusses the degree to which there is symbolism in dreams, the development of dreaming in children, and the relative frequency of emotions in the dreams of children and adults.
During dreaming, the neural substrates that support waking sensory input, task-oriented thinking, and movement are relatively deactivated. Domhoff presents the conditions that have to be fulfilled before dreaming can occur spontaneously. He describes the specific cognitive processes supported by the neural substrate of dreaming and then looks at dream reports of research participants. The “why” of dreaming, he says, may be the most counterintuitive outcome of empirical dream research. Though the question is usually framed in terms of adaptation, there is no positive evidence for an adaptive theory of dreaming. Research by anthropologists, historians, and comparative religion scholars, however, suggests that dreaming has psychological and cultural uses, with the most important of these found in religious ceremonies and healing practices. Finally, he offers suggestions for how future dream studies might take advantage of new technologies, including smart phones.
Effects of combination of obesity, diabetes, and hypoxia on inflammatory regulating genes and cytokines in rat pancreatic tissues and serum
Authors: Albogami Sarah , Hassan Aziza , Abdel-Aziem Sekena H. , Alotaibi Saqer , Althobaiti Fayez , El-Shehawi Ahmed , Alnefaie Alaa , Alhamed Reem Abdulla 
Published: October 2022

Background
Obesity and diabetes are becoming increasingly prevalent around the world. Inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance are linked to both obesity and type 2 diabetes, and these disorders are becoming major public health issues globally.

Methods
This study evaluated the effects of obesity, diabetes, and hypoxia on the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in rats. We divided 120 Wistar rats in two groups, male and female, each including six subgroups: control (CTRL), obese (high-fat diet (HFD)), diabetic (streptozotocin (STZ)-treated), hypoxic (HYX), obese + diabetic (HFD/STZ), and obese + diabetic + hypoxic (HFD/STZ/HYX). We examined the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL10, and leptin in pancreatic tissues and serum.

Results
No significant difference was observed in serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) between HYX and CTRL in either sex. However, they were significantly increased, whereas high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was significantly decreased in HFD, STZ, HFD/STZ, and HFD/STZ/HPX compared with CTRL in both sexes. The expression of Tnf-α, Il6, and Lep was significantly upregulated in all subgroups compared with CTRL in both sexes. STZ and HYX showed no significant differences in the expression of these genes between sexes, whereas Tnf-α and Il6 were upregulated in male HFD, HFD/STZ, and HFD/STZ/HYX compared with females. Protein levels showed similar patterns. Combination subgroups, either in the absence or presence of hypoxia, frequently exhibited severe necrosis of endocrine components in pancreatic lobules. The combination of obesity, diabetes, and hypoxia was associated with inflammation, which was verified at the histopathological level.
Spatial and Temporal Variation of Rainfall and Temperature in Sambalpur District of Odisha
Authors: Chhatria Shubham , Rath B. S. , Das Nishith 
Published: October 2022

The research was conducted to determine the extent of climate change in Sambalpur district, Odisha from the year 1990 to 2019. The climate change was studied for rainfall and temperature by running Mann-Kendall test at 5% significance level on time series data for each of the 9 blocks for the time period 1990 to 2019. The resultant Mann-Kendall test statistics indicated how strong the trend in rainfall and temperature was and whether it was increasing or decreasing. For seasonal rainfall six of the nine blocks showed increasing trend but only 3 blocks showed significant increasing trend. Similarly, for maximum temperature six of the nine blocks showed increasing trend and of these six blocks five blocks showed significant increasing trend. For temperature extreme ≥ 40oC, the trend was increasing but insignificant. For temperature extreme ≥ 45oC, the trend was decreasing but insignificant. For temperature extreme ≤10oC, a significant decreasing trend was observed.
Isolation of Bacterial Contaminants from Operating Theatres in EnNahud City, West Kordofan State – Sudan
Authors: Algubarh Mohmmed Abd Alrhman , NaemAllah Enas A. , Musbah Esraa A. Y. , Elsheikh Abubakr Hamed Abdallh , Bashir Mazin Babekir Musa , Mahjaf Ghanem Mohammed , Gorish Babbiker Mohammed Taher 
Published: October 2022

Background: The prevalence of nosocomial infections has continued to rise due to microbial contamination of the hospital environment. Operating room contamination, on the other hand, is one of the most common and life-threatening sources of nosocomial infections.
Objective: The goal of this research is to isolate and identify bacterial contaminants in operating rooms and equipment in EnNahud, West Kordofan.
Methods: A total of 45 samples (from three hospitals) were collected from various operating theatre sites between September and December 2020. Using the accepted bacteriological methods (ISO/TC 147/SC 4 Microbiological techniques), all isolated bacteria were identified. S. Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 were employed as control bacterial strains to track the entire bacteriological process.
Results: Five kinds of bacteria were recovered from the 45 (100%) positive specimens in three hospitals in this study. The number of polluted hospitals is on the rise (100%). The most prevalent bacterial pollutants identified from operation theaters were Staphylococcus aureus 24 (53.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 13 (28.8%), Bacillus spp 6 (13.3%), Proteus spp 1 (2.2%), and Salmonella spp 1 (2.2%), according to the findings (2.2%). All of the places where samples were taken were found to be completely contaminated.
Conclusion: The relatively high degree of bacterial contamination in hospital operating rooms highlights the need for ongoing microbiological surveillance aimed at detecting bacterial contamination levels and their impact on nosocomial infection early.
Effect of Topical Antibiotics on Duration of Acute Infective Conjunctivitis in Children
Authors: Honkila Minna , Koskela Ulla , Kontiokari Tero , Mattila Marja-Leena , Kristo Aila , Valtonen Raija , Sarlin Suvi , Paalanne Niko , Ikäheimo Irma , Pokka Tytti , Uhari Matti , Renko Marjo , Tapiainen Terhi 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceAlthough topical antibiotics are often prescribed for treating acute infective conjunctivitis in children, their efficacy is uncertain.ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of topical antibiotic therapy for acute infective conjunctivitis.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA randomized clinical trial was conducted in primary health care in Oulu, Finland, from October 15, 2014, to February 7, 2020. Children aged 6 months to 7 years with acute infective conjunctivitis were eligible for enrollment. The participants were followed up for 14 days. A subsequent meta-analysis included the present trial and 3 previous randomized clinical trials enrolling pediatric patients aged 1 month to 18 years with acute infective conjunctivitis.InterventionsParticipants in the present randomized clinical trial were randomized to moxifloxacin eye drops, placebo eye drops, or no intervention.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome in the present randomized clinical trial was time to clinical cure (in days); in the meta-analysis, the primary outcome was the proportion of participants with conjunctival symptoms on days 3 to 6.ResultsThe randomized clinical trial included 88 participants (46 [52%] girls), of whom 30 were randomized to moxifloxacin eye drops (mean [SD] age, 2.8 [1.6] years), 27 to placebo eye drops (mean [SD], age 3.0 [1.3] years), and 31 to no intervention (mean [SD] age, 3.2 [1.8] years). The time to clinical cure was significantly shorter in the moxifloxacin eye drop group than in the no intervention group (3.8 vs 5.7 days; difference, −1.9 days; 95% CI, −3.7 to −0.1 days; P = .04), while in the survival analysis both moxifloxacin and placebo eye drops significantly shortened the time to clinical cure relative to no intervention. In the meta-analysis, a total of 584 children were randomized (300 to topical antibiotics and 284 to a placebo), and the use of topical antibiotics was associated with a significant reduction in the proportion of children who had symptoms of conjunctivitis on days 3 to 6 compared with placebo eye drops (odds ratio, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.91).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this randomized clinical trial and systematic review and meta-analysis, topical antibiotics were associated with significantly shorter durations of conjunctival symptoms in children with acute infective conjunctivitis.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrialsRegister.eu Identifier: 2013-005623-16
Road to Total Knee Replacement: Utilization of Knee Surgeries Up to Ten Years Before Total Knee Replacement in England and Sweden
Authors: Dell'Isola Andrea , Appleyard Tom , Yu Dahai , Hellberg Clara , Thomas Geraint , Turkiewicz Aleksandra , Peat George , Englund Martin 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveTo compare the prevalence and timing of knee surgery (including meniscal, ligamentous, synovial, and osteotomy) in the 10 years prior to primary total knee replacement (TKR) between England and Sweden.MethodsThis was a population‐based, case–control study within England and southern Sweden using electronic health care databases. Patients underwent primary TKR between 2015 and 2019. Risk‐set sampling showed that general population controls matched 1:1 by age, sex, and practice/municipality. The annual prevalence and prevalence ratio of having at least 1 recorded surgery in each of the 10 years preceding TKR was estimated using Poisson regressions.ResultsWe included 6,308 and 47,010 TKR cases in Sweden and England, respectively. Meniscal surgeries were the most frequent procedure prior to TKR in both countries; prevalence was higher in England across all time points. The prevalence of meniscal surgery increased in both countries in the years approaching TKR, reaching 33.2 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 31.6–34.9) per 1,000 persons in England, and 9.83 (95% CI 7.66–12.61) in Sweden. In England, we observed a decrease from 2014 to 2018 in the utilization of this procedure in the 4 years preceding a TKR. The prevalence of all analyzed surgeries was consistently lower in controls.ConclusionThere are comparable trends in the use of knee surgery in the years preceding TKR across England and Sweden. Of note, meniscal surgeries remain common, even within the year prior to TKR, highlighting that these patients may experience low‐value care. Careful consideration of knee surgery in those with late‐stage disease is required.
Extended Metasurface Spin Functionalities from Rotation of Elements
Authors: Wei Minggui , Xu Yuhong , Liu Guigeng , Wu Tong , Liu Wanyin , Su Xiaoqiang , Xu Quan , Zhang Xueqian , Han Jiaguang , Gu Jianqiang , Zhang Baile 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMetasurfaces are a class of planar optical components that are engineered to manipulate electromagnetic waves, including their spin states in terms of circular polarizations. For example, the Pancharatnam–Berry (PB) phase has been exploited in metasurfaces for various spin functionalities, but these spin functionalities, exhibit conjugate relations for spin states. Recent advances combining the PB phase and propagation phase have implemented completely independent spin functionalities for spin states. However, the spin functionalities are fixed once the metasurfaces are designed. Here, this work proposes and demonstrates that the spin functionalities designed from the PB phase and propagation phase can be further extended by simply rotating the elements in a metasurface. This extension is based on a relationship between phase profiles of spin states that are acquired before and after the rotation. Proof‐of‐concept demonstrations are performed for the extended spin functionalities, including the conversion from spin angular momentum to orbital angular momentum, and spin‐dependent holograms. This extension may find use in relevant applications such as polarized display and dual‐polarized holography.
Kinetics‐assisted identification and regulation of active sites for Pd‐catalyzed propyne selective hydrogenation
Authors: Yan Kelin , Cao Yueqiang , Ge Xiaohu , Li Yurou , Zhang Jing , Gong Xueqing , Qian Gang , Zhou Xinggui , Duan Xuezhi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIdentification and regulation of active sites are significant for guiding the design and optimization of hydrogenation catalysts toward the target product but remain a great challenge. Herein, we demonstrate a kinetics‐assisted identification method combined with theoretical calculations for identifying and further regulating the dominant active sites of Pd catalysts for propyne hydrogenation. Kinetics analysis and model calculations based on the cuboctahedron shape of Pd nanoparticles in the catalysts indicate the Pd(111) sites as the dominant active sites for the propyne conversion and propylene formation while the Pd(100) sites as those for the propane formation, which are further rationalized by theoretical calculations. Moreover, the Pd catalyst with electron‐rich properties exhibits relatively higher activity and selectivity, guided by which the SiO2 support with abundant electron‐donating hydroxyl groups is employed to increase the Pd electron density. Such electronic regulation for the Pd catalyst clearly enhances the selective hydrogenation of propyne.
Mid‐ and later‐life risk factors for predicting neuropathological brain changes associated with Alzheimer's and vascular dementia: The Honolulu Asia Aging Study and the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility‐Reykjavik Study
Authors: Stephan Blossom C. M. , Gaughan Denise M. , Edland Steven , Gudnason Villi , Launer Lenore J , White Lon R 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionDementia prediction models are necessary to inform the development of dementia risk reduction strategies. Here, we examine the utility of neuropathological‐based risk scores to predict clinical dementia.MethodsModels were developed for predicting Alzheimer's disease (AD) and non‐AD neuropathologies using the Honolulu Asia Aging neuropathological sub‐study (HAAS; n = 852). Model accuracy for predicting clinical dementia, over 30 years, was tested in the non‐autopsied HAAS sample (n = 2960) and the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility‐Reykjavik Study (n = 4614).ResultsDifferent models were identified for predicting neurodegenerative and vascular neuropathology (c‐statistic range: 0.62 to 0.72). These typically included age, APOE, and a blood pressure‐related measure. The neurofibrillary tangle and micro‐vascular lesion models showed good accuracy for predicting clinical vascular dementia.DiscussionThere may be shared risk factors across dementia‐related lesions, suggesting common pathways. Strategies targeting these models may reduce risk or postpone clinical symptoms of dementia as well as reduce neuropathological burden associated with AD and vascular lesions.
Actigraphy Enables Home Screening of Rapid Eye Movement Behavior Disorder in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Raschellà Flavio , Scafa Stefano , Puiatti Alessandro , Martin Moraud Eduardo , Ratti Pietro‐Luca 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesRapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a potentially harmful, often overlooked sleep disorder affecting up to 70% of Parkinson's disease patients. Current diagnosis relies on nocturnal video‐polysomnography, which is an expensive and cumbersome examination requiring specific clinical expertise. Here, we explored the use of wrist actigraphy to enable automatic RBD diagnoses in home settings.MethodsA total of 26 Parkinson's disease patients underwent 2‐week home wrist actigraphy, followed by two in‐laboratory evaluations. Patients were classified as RBD versus non‐RBD based on dream enactment history and video‐polysomnography. We comprehensively characterized patients' movement patterns during sleep using actigraphic signals. We then trained machine learning classification algorithms to discriminate patients with or without RBD using the most relevant features. Classification performance was quantified with respect to clinical diagnosis, separately for in‐laboratory and at‐home recordings. Performance was further validated in a control group of non‐Parkinson's disease patients with other sleep conditions.ResultsTo characterize RBD, actigraphic features extracted from both (1) individual movement episodes and (2) global nocturnal activity were critical. RBD patients were more active overall, and showed movements that were shorter, of higher magnitude, and more scattered in time. Using these features, our classification algorithms reached an accuracy of 92.9 ± 8.16% during in‐clinic tests. When validated on home recordings in Parkinson's disease patients, accuracy reached 100% over a 2‐week window, and was 94.4% in non‐Parkinson's disease control patients. Features showed robustness across tests and conditions.InterpretationThese results open new perspectives for faster, cheaper, and more regular screening of sleep disorders, both for routine clinical practice and clinical trials. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:317–329
Direct TEM Observation of Vacancy‐Mediated Heteroatom Incorporation into a Zeolite Framework: Towards Microscopic Design of Zeolite Catalysts
Authors: Li Junyan , Mayoral Alvaro , Kubota Yoshihiro , Inagaki Satoshi , Yu Jihong , Terasaki Osamu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIncorporating hetero‐metal‐atom, e.g., titanium, into zeolite frameworks can enhance the catalytic activity and selectivity in oxidation reactions. However, the rational design of zeolites containing titanium at specific sites is difficult because the precise atomic structure during synthesis process remained unclear. Here, a titanosilicate with predictable titanium distribution was synthesized by mediating vacancies in a defective MSE‐type zeolite precursor, based on a pre‐designed synthetic route including modification of vacancies followed by titanium insertion, where electron microscopy (EM) plays a key role at each step resolving the atomic structure. Point defects including vacancies in the precursor and titanium incorporated into the vacancy‐related positions have been directly observed. The results provide insights into the role of point defects in zeolites towards the rational synthesis of zeolites with desired microscopic arrangement of catalytically active sites.
The Elusive Mononitrosylated [Fe4S4] Cluster in Three Redox States
Authors: Kim Youngsuk , Sridharan Arun , Suess Daniel L. M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIron‐sulfur clusters are well‐established targets in biological nitric oxide (NO) chemistry, but the key intermediate in these processes—a mononitrosylated [Fe4S4] cluster—has not been fully characterized in a protein or a synthetic model thereof. Here, we report the synthesis of a three‐member redox series of isostructural mononitrosylated [Fe4S4] clusters. Mononitrosylation was achieved by binding NO to a 3 : 1 site‐differentiated [Fe4S4]+ cluster; subsequent oxidation and reduction afforded the other members of the series. All three clusters feature a local high‐spin Fe3+ center antiferromagnetically coupled to 3[NO]−. The observation of an anionic NO ligand suggests that NO binding is accompanied by formal electron transfer from the cluster to NO. Preliminary reactivity studies with the monocationic cluster demonstrate that exposure to excess NO degrades the cluster, supporting the intermediacy of mononitrosylated intermediates in NO sensing/signaling.