bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An assessment of strategies for sustainability priority challenges in Jordan using a water–energy–food Nexus approach
Authors: Ramirez Camilo , Almulla Youssef , Joyce Brian , Huber-Lee Annette , Nerini Francesco Fuso 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study aimed at supporting robust decision-making for planning and management of water–energy–food Nexus systems in the country of Jordan. Nexus priority challenges in Jordan were identified as (1) water scarcity, (2) agricultural productivity and water quality, and (3) shift to energy independence. We created a water–energy–food Nexus model that integrates three modelling frameworks: (1) the Water Evaluation and Planning system WEAP model to estimate water demands, supplies and allocation; (2) the MABIA model to estimate crop production, and, (3) a GIS-based energy modelling tool to estimate energy requirements of the water system. Through a set of scenario runs, results show how desalination is needed to address water scarcity, but it has to be coupled with low-carbon electricity generation in order to not exacerbate climate change. Improving water productivity in agriculture improves most of the studied dimensions across the water–energy–food security nexus; however, it does little for water scarcity at the municipal level. Reducing non-revenue water can have positive effects on municipal unmet demand and reduction of energy for pumping, but it does not improve agricultural water productivity and may have negative feedback effects on the Jordan Valleys aquifer levels. Energy efficiency can support energy-intensive projects, like desalination, by substantially reducing the load on the energy system, preventing increased emissions and achieving a more resilient water system. Finally, when all interventions are considered together all of the major drawbacks are reduced and the benefits augmented, producing a more holistic solution to the WEF Nexus challenges in Jordan.
Immunoglobulin Rapid Test Sensitivity in PCR-Positive COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Alharbi Ahmad A. , Alshomrani Mohammad K. , Alharbi Abdullah A. , Almaeen Abdulrahman H. , AlAsiri Saad , Al-Omari Awad , Alishat Imad , Dolgom Saeed 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Diagnostic assays aimed at the identification of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) offer a rapid and adjunct modality to conventional real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assays for the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Aim
To analyze the sensitivity of IgG and IgM-based serological assays in rRT-PCR-positive COVID-19 subjects.

Methods
A consecutive cohort of 69 patients with COVID-19-related symptoms or recent exposure to COVID-19-positive individuals were included after taking informed consent. Nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 rRT-PCR analysis and venous blood samples for the COVID-19 IgG/IgM rapid test were simultaneously collected from each subject on day 0. Then, in the case of positive PCR results, subsequent blood samples for COVID-19 IgG/IgM analysis were collected on days 7, 10 and 14. Samples were statistically analyzed to determine the sensitivity of the serology-based assays.

Results
No correlation was found between age or sex and the rRT-PCR, IgG and IgM results; 65.2% of subjects tested positive by rRT-PCR. The sensitivity of the IgM and IgG rapid test increased gradually with time, reaching the highest level on day 14 (22.2% and 72%, respectively).

Conclusion
Serological assays for the detection of infection with SARS-CoV-2 were compared to rRT-PCR. These assays yielded lower sensitivities than rRT-PCR-based assays. However, given that these immunoassays are more affordable, faster, and easier to execute, they could be recommended for epidemiological research or characterizing the immune status of post-infection or post-vaccination subjects.
Investigating the Factors Affecting Overweight/Obese amidst Non-pregnant Women in Bangladesh: A Multi-level Analysis of Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Raihan Hasin , Khan Md. Nafiul Alam , Islam Md. Akhtarul 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe primary goal of this study was to investigate the severity of being overweight/obese among non-pregnant women and its trend for change over the last 10 years in Bangladesh. This research featured 16,398 female participants and used the chi-Squared test to investigate the association between different socioeconomic variables and dependent variables. We applied the average annual rate of increase (AARI) to determine the trends of selected variables over the last decade. Next, we applied a multilevel logistic regression model to determine specific trigger factors at the individual and community levels; for this, we used the 2017–2018 data from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS). Individually, women between the ages of 40 and 44 years (odds ratio [OR] 5.68; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 4.68–6.89) with better education (OR 1.55; 95% CI 1.34–1.80) and from the wealthiest households (OR 3.65; 95% CI 3.17–4.20) had a higher risk for being overweight or obese. On the other hand, working women (OR 0.80; 95% CI 0.75–0.87) had a lower risk of becoming overweight or obese. Respondents from affluent communities had a higher probability of being overweight or obese (OR 1.93; 95% CI 1.72–2.18) whereas women in rural areas were less likely (OR 0.63; 95% CI 0.57–0.69) to be overweight or obese. The efforts of both individuals and communities are expected to raise awareness among wealthy and educated women.
Milk intake across adulthood and muscle strength decline from mid- to late life: the MRC National Survey of Health and Development
Authors: Granic Antoneta , Cooper Rachel , Dodds Richard M. , Hillman Susan J. , Sayer Avan A. , Robinson Sian M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMilk is a source of several nutrients which may be beneficial for skeletal muscle. Evidence that links lower milk intake with declines in muscle strength from midlife to old age is lacking. We used data from the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development to test sex-specific associations between milk consumption from age 36 to 60–64 years, low grip strength (GS) or probable sarcopenia, and GS decline from age 53 to 69 years. We included 1340 men and 1383 women with at least one measure of both milk intake and GS. Milk intake was recorded in 5-d food diaries (aged 36, 43, 53 and 60–64 years), and grand mean of total, reduced-fat and full-fat milk each categorised in thirds (T1 (lowest) to T3 (highest), g/d). GS was assessed at ages 53, 60–64, and 69 years, and probable sarcopenia classified at the age of 69 years. We employed logistic regression to examine the odds of probable sarcopenia and multilevel models to investigate decline in GS in relation to milk intake thirds. Compared with T1, only T2 (58·76–145·25 g/d) of reduced-fat milk was associated with lower odds of sex-specific low GS at the age of 69 years (OR (95 % CI): 0·59 (0·37, 0·94), P = 0·03). In multilevel models, only T3 of total milk (≥ 237·52 g/d) was associated with stronger GS in midlife in men (β (95 % CI) = 1·82 (0·18, 3·45) kg, P = 0·03) compared with T1 (≤ 152·0 g/d), but not with GS decline over time. A higher milk intake across adulthood may promote muscle strength in midlife in men. Its role in muscle health in late life needs further examination.
Diet therapy along with nutrition education can improve renal function in people with stages 3–4 chronic kidney disease who do not have diabetes: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hamidianshirazi Maryam , Shafiee Maryam , Ekramzadeh Maryam , Torabi Jahromi Mahsa , Nikaein Farzad 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe current trial investigates the effect of renal diet therapy and nutritional education on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), blood pressure (BP) and depression among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). A total of 120 CKD patients (stages 3–4) (15<eGFR < 60) were randomised into an intensive nutrition intervention group (individualised renal diet therapy plus nutrition counselling: 0·75 g protein/kg/d and 30–35 kcal/kg/d with Na restriction) and a control group (routine and standard care) for 24 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in the eGFR. Secondary outcomes included changes in anthropometric measures, biochemistry (serum creatinine (Cr), uric acid, albumin, electrolytes, Ca, vitamin D, ferritin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and Hb), BP, nutritional status, depression and quality of life. The eGFR increased significantly in the intervention group compared with the control group (P < 0·001). Moreover, serum levels of Cr and the systolic and diastolic BP decreased significantly in the intervention group relative to the control group (P < 0·001, P < 0·001 and P = 0·020, respectively). The nutrition intervention also hindered the increase in the BUN level and the depression score (P = 0·045 and P = 0·028, respectively). Furthermore, the reduction in protein and Na intake was greater in the intervention group (P = 0·003 and P < 0·001, respectively). Nutritional treatment along with supportive education and counselling contributed to improvements in renal function, BP control and adherence to protein intake recommendations. A significant difference in the mean eGFR between the groups was also confirmed at the end of the study using ANCOVA (β = -5·06; 95 % CI (−8·203, −2·999)).
Social groups and the computational conundrums of delays, proximity, and loyalty
Authors: Simandan Dragos 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEven though Pietraszewski acknowledges the tentative nature of the theory and the multiple lines of adjacent research needed to flesh it out, he insists that the finite set of primitives he identified is necessary and sufficient for defining social groups in the context of conflict. In this commentary I expose three interrelated conundrums that cast doubt on this simplistic presumption.
Group? What group? A computational model of the group needs a psychology of “us” (not “them”)
Authors: Wiles Janet , Haslam S. Alexander , Steffens Niklas K. , Jetten Jolanda 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGroups are only real, and only serve as a basis for collective action, when their members perceive them to be real. For a computational model to have analytic fidelity and predictive validity it, therefore, needs to engage with the psychological reality of groups, their internal structure, and their structuring by (and of) the social context in which they function.
Interacting with others while reacting to the environment
Authors: Fischer Ilan , Levin Simon A. , Rubenstein Daniel I. , Avrashi Shacked , Givon Lior , Oz Tomer 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHere, we revise Pietraszewski's model of groups by assigning participant pairs with two triplets, denoting: (1) the type of game that models the interaction, (2) its critical switching point between alternatives (i.e., the game's similarity threshold), and (3) the perception of strategic similarity with the opponent. These triplets provide a set of primitives that accounts for individuals' strategic motivations and observed behaviors.
Conciliation and meta-contrast are important for understanding how people assign group memberships during conflict situations
Authors: Levine Mark , Philpot Richard 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPietraszewski misrepresents both the nature of behaviour in conflict and the ability of psychology to theorise the relational properties of group designation. At the behavioural level, he focusses exclusively on “attack,” when consolation/care in conflict is equally present and important. At the theoretical level, he ignores existing psychological work on how group perception is shaped by the meta-contrast principle.
Towards a computational network theory of social groups
Authors: Redhead Daniel , Minocher Riana , Deffner Dominik 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNetwork theory is necessary for the realization of cognitive representations and resulting empirical observations of social groups. We propose that the triadic primitives denoting individual roles are multilayer, with positive and negative relations feeding into cost–benefit calculations. Through this, we advance a computational theory that generalizes to different scales and to contexts where conflict is not present.
Compassion within conflict: Toward a computational theory of social groups informed by maternal brain physiology
Authors: Ho S. Shaun , Rosenthal Richard N. , Fox Helen , Garry David , Gopang Meroona , Rollins Mikaela J. , Soliman Sarah , Swain James E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBenevolent intersubjectivity developed in parent–infant interactions and compassion toward friend and foe alike are non-violent interventions to group behavior in conflict. Based on a dyadic active inference framework rooted in specific parental brain mechanisms, we suggest that interventions promoting compassion and intersubjectivity can reduce stress, and that compassionate mediation may resolve conflicts.
How do we know who may replace each other in triadic conflict roles?
Authors: Thomsen Lotte 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGroup representations need not reduce to triadic conflict roles, although we infer group membership from them. A conceptual primitive of <group> as one solidary, bounded unity or clique may motivate and facilitate reasoning about cooperative group interactions in context with and without intergroup conflict and may also be necessary for representing which agents would replace one another in a triadic conflict.
Transactional associations between vocabulary and disruptive behaviors during the transition to formal schooling
Authors: Pinsonneault Michelle , Parent Sophie , Castellanos-Ryan Natalie , Zelazo Philip David , Séguin Jean R. , Tremblay Richard E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the transactional relations between vocabulary and disruptive behaviors (DB; physical aggression and opposition/rule breaking/theft and vandalism), during the transition to formal schooling, using a community sample of 572 children. Cross-lagged panel model analyses were used to examine bidirectional relationships, comparing physical aggression to non-aggressive DB. Transactional associations between vocabulary and DB were observed, coinciding with school entry. Lower vocabulary in preschool (60mo.) was predictive of higher physical aggression scores in kindergarten. In turn, higher physical aggression in kindergarten was predictive of lower vocabulary in 1st grade. For non-aggressive DB, recurrent associations were found. Lower verbal skills in preschool (42mo.) and kindergarten predicted higher non-aggressive DB scores later in preschool and in 1st grade respectively. In turn, higher non-aggressive DB in kindergarten predicted lower vocabulary scores in 1st grade. In contrast to transactional paths from vocabulary to DB, transactional paths from DB to vocabulary observed after the transition to elementary school remained significant after controlling for comorbid hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention behaviors, suggesting these links were specific to aggressive and non-aggressive DB. Practical implications for prevention are discussed.
Social determinants of mental health during a year of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Minihan Savannah , Orben Amy , Songco Annabel , Fox Elaine , Ladouceur Cecile D. , Mewton Louise , Moulds Michelle , Pfeifer Jennifer H. , Van Harmelen Anne-Laura , Schweizer Susanne 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBelonging is a basic human need, with social isolation signaling a threat to biological fitness. Sensitivity to ostracism varies across individuals and the lifespan, peaking in adolescence. Government-imposed restrictions upon social interactions during COVID-19 may therefore be particularly detrimental to young people and those most sensitive to ostracism. Participants (N = 2367; 89.95% female, 11–100 years) from three countries with differing levels of government restrictions (Australia, UK, and USA) were surveyed thrice at three-month intervals (May 2020 – April 2021). Young people, and those living under the tightest government restrictions, reported the worst mental health, with these inequalities in mental health remaining constant throughout the study period. Further dissection of these results revealed that young people high on social rejection sensitivity reported the most mental health problems at the final assessment. These findings help account for the greater impact of enforced social isolation on young people’s mental health, and open novel avenues for intervention.
THE MAGIC OF NASH SOCIAL WELFARE IN OPTIMIZATION: DO NOT SUM, JUST MULTIPLY!
Authors: CHARKHGARD HADI , KESHANIAN KIMIA , ESMAEILBEIGI RASUL , CHARKHGARD PARISA 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe explain some key challenges when dealing with a single- or multi-objective optimization problem in practice. To overcome these challenges, we present a mathematical program that optimizes the Nash social welfare function. We refer to this mathematical program as the Nash social welfare program (NSWP). An interesting property of the NSWP is that it can be constructed for any single- or multi-objective optimization problem. We show that solving the NSWP could result in more desirable solutions in practice than its single- or multi-objective counterpart. We also discuss several promising approaches that could be employed to solve the NSWP in practice.
Fire Regions as Environmental Niches: A New Paradigm to Define Potential Fire Regimes in Africa and Australia
Authors: Zubkova M. , Boschetti L. , Abatzoglou J. T. , Giglio L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDespite the widespread use of the “fire regime” concept for describing spatial and temporal patterns and ecosystem impacts of fire, this concept lacks an unambiguous, quantitative definition. By adopting from the ecological literature the concept of climate niche, that is, the environmental conditions that allow a specie to exist, we propose a new framework where variables that promote fuel accumulation and desiccation were used to define the environmental space at the continental level, later divided into regions (“fire regions”) with distinct fire potential. Our proposed approach emphasizes climate controls on fire patterns, distinct from the controls that humans exert on observed fire activity. By applying this framework, we identified nine fire regions in Africa and eight in Australia, distinguishing differences in fire patterns between continents as a result of changes in environmental gradient. Not only did we find that fire size and intensity varied significantly between continents, but biomes at a continental level were also found to be heterogeneous in terms of fire frequency, size, and intensity. For example, within African tropical savannas, the total annual rainfall and tree cover change drastically North and South of the equator, resulting in fire regions with significantly different fire characteristics. Meanwhile, in Australia, a strong gradient of annual temperature and precipitation seasonality was observed within tropical savannas and xeric shrublands, which was recognized by dividing those biomes into five regions with statistically different fire activity. Additionally, human presence led to some heterogeneity of fire patterns within delineated fire regions that also varied across biomes.
A Multi‐Algorithm Analysis of Projected Changes to Freezing Rain Over North America in an Ensemble of Regional Climate Model Simulations
Authors: McCray Christopher D. , Paquin Dominique , Thériault Julie M. , Bresson Émilie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFreezing rain events have caused severe socioeconomic and ecosystem impacts. An understanding of how these events may evolve as the Earth warms is necessary to adequately adapt infrastructure to these changes. We present an analysis of projected changes to freezing rain events over North America relative to the 1980–2009 recent past climate for the periods during which +2, +3, and +4°C of global warming is attained. We diagnose freezing rain using four precipitation‐type algorithms (Cantin and Bachand, Bourgouin, Ramer, and Baldwin) applied to four simulations of the fifth‐generation Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM5) driven by four global climate models (GCMs). We find that the choice of driving GCM strongly influences the spatial pattern of projected change. The choice of algorithm has a comparatively smaller impact, and primarily affects the magnitude but not the sign of projected change. We identify several regions where all simulations and algorithms agree on the sign of change, with increases projected over portions of western Canada and decreases over the central, eastern, and southern United States. However, we also find large regions of disagreement on the sign of change depending on driving GCM and even ensemble member of the same GCM, highlighting the importance of examining freezing rain events in a multi‐member ensemble of simulations driven by multiple GCMs to sufficiently account for uncertainty in projections of these hazardous events.
Microwave Split Ring Resonator Sensor for Determination of the Fluids Permittivity With Measurement of Human Milk Samples
Authors: Navaei Moein , Rezaei Pejman , Kiani Sina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the human milk dielectric constant by a microwave sensor has been evaluated. The proposed sensor is result of coupling between a simple microstrip line and a split ring resonator and its resonance frequency is 6 GHz. When up to 30 μl of milk are placed on the sensing area on the sensor, it causes the resonance frequency to shift. Six samples of human milk were measured by a network analyzer, then the dielectric constant of the samples were determined, and three similar samples were measured by the built‐in sensor. The proposed microwave sensor has Q‐factor of 38 and its sensitivity is 0.17%. The implemented sensor has acceptable performance compared to previous sensors and it can be used to determine the normal behavior of human milk with a simple method and for this work, it requires to small value of sample for measurement.
Liquid crystal between two distributed Bragg reflectors enables multispectral small-pitch spatial light modulator
Authors: Park Junghyun , Won Kanghee , Kim Young 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe ability of controlling the phase of light at the subwavelength scale can be a game-changer due to its extraordinally wide angle-range in the wavefront shaping. By combining two conventional material and configuration, liquid crystal and distributed Bragg reflectors, we are getting close to this ultimate goal.
Full experimental determination of tunneling time with attosecond-scale streaking method
Authors: Yu Miao , Liu Kun , Li Min , Yan Jiaqing , Cao Chuanpeng , Tan Jia , Liang Jintai , Guo Keyu , Cao Wei , Lan Pengfei , Zhang Qingbin , Zhou Yueming , Lu Peixiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTunneling is one of the most fundamental and ubiquitous processes in the quantum world. The question of how long a particle takes to tunnel through a potential barrier has sparked a long-standing debate since the early days of quantum mechanics. Here, we propose and demonstrate a novel scheme to accurately determine the tunneling time of an electron. In this scheme, a weak laser field is used to streak the tunneling current produced by a strong elliptically polarized laser field in an attoclock configuration, allowing us to retrieve the tunneling ionization time relative to the field maximum with a precision of a few attoseconds. This overcomes the difficulties in previous attoclock measurements wherein the Coulomb effect on the photoelectron momentum distribution has to be removed with theoretical models and it requires accurate information of the driving laser fields. We demonstrate that the tunneling time of an electron from an atom is close to zero within our experimental accuracy. Our study represents a straightforward approach toward attosecond time-resolved imaging of electron motion in atoms and molecules.