bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rogue Waves in the Southern North Sea—The Role of Modulational Instability
Authors: Teutsch Ina , Weisse Ralf 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The role of the modulational instability for rogue wave generation in the ocean is still under debate. We investigated a continuous dataset, consisting of buoy and radar wave elevation data of different frequency resolutions, from eight measurement stations in the southern North Sea. For periods with rogue waves, we evaluated the presence of conditions for the modulational instability to work, that is, a narrow-banded wave spectrum in both frequency and angular direction. We found rogue waves that exceed twice the significant wave height indeed occur at slightly lower frequency bandwidths than usual. For rogue waves that are defined only by high crests, this was, however, not the case. The results were dependent on the measurement frequency. The directional spreading of the buoy spectra yielded no information on the presence of a rogue wave. In general, all spectra estimated from the dataset were found to be broad in frequency and angular direction, while the Benjamin–Feir index yielded no indication on a high nonlinearity of the sea states. These are unfavorable conditions for the evolution of a rogue wave through modulational instability. We conclude that the modulational instability did not play a substantial role in the formation of the rogue waves identified in our dataset from the southern North Sea.

Significance Statement
This work investigates whether rogue waves measured in the southern North Sea may have been generated by a modulational instability. The latter is a nonlinear mechanism of wave energy focusing that has been proven mathematically and confirmed in laboratory experiments. However, it is still unclear whether this mechanism is responsible for rogue wave generation under realistic ocean conditions. The modulational instability primarily arises when waves have similar frequencies and directions. In our data, these conditions were not satisfied. This finding leads to the insight that the modulational instability is not the most probable mechanism to generate rogue waves in our dataset.
University Board Connectivity, Finances, and Research Production, 1985–2015
Authors: Taylor Barrett J. , Barringer Sondra N. , Slaughter Sheila 
Published: September 2022

Background/context: A growing body of evidence indicates that trustees link the boards of research universities to organizations in other fields. It is less clear whether these board characteristics indicate distinct university contexts with which particular activities would be associated. Research questions: We ask three questions. The first two are descriptive and focus attention on the changing characteristics of university boards: How do boards tie universities to other sectors of society? How has the composition of these ties changed over time? The third is inferential and attends to possible relationships between board characteristics and university activities over time: Are there relationships between board ties to external organizations and university activities? Research design: We answered our first two questions using descriptive analyses. We answered the third question using regression analyses, inclusive of fixed board-level effects, which estimated the within-unit association among board characteristics, control characteristics, and the dependent variables associated with activities of interest. Data collection and analysis: Our sample consisted of the 54 boards that oversaw members of the Association of American Universities. Data were compiled in 10-year increments between 1985 and 2015. Historical data on university boards were created using Standard and Poor’s Register of Corporations, Directors, and Executives and the Capital IQ Personal Intelligence database, both of which provided time-verified data about the affiliations of individual trustees at a given moment in time (e.g., 1985, 1995). We merged these data with information on university characteristics drawn from existing secondary data sources. Findings: Consistent with other analyses, sampled boards were increasingly connected to organizations in other fields over time. Connections grew especially rapidly between 1995 and 2015, with particularly notable growth in ties to the finance industry. In inferential analyses, the total number of ties to external organizations was associated with increases in total publications and with the share of publications in the biological sciences. Board characteristics were not associated with variation in other variables (e.g., endowment growth). Conclusions/recommendations: Our findings suggest that board characteristics are more likely to be associated with some university activities than others. It is less clear why this is the case. Our paper therefore lays important groundwork for future research on the ways in which individual trustees may directly coordinate, indirectly facilitate, or be selected because of their ties to particular external organizations.
Preoperative Absolute Lymphocyte Count to Carcinoembryonic Antigen Ratio Is a Superior Predictor of Survival in Stage I to III Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Zhou Yue , Cheng Fei , Zhang Zihao , Xiang Jia , Xue Tianhui , Ye Qianwen , Yan Bing 
Published: September 2022

Background: Preoperative absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) are useful prognostic indicators in colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the role of the ALC-to-CEA ratio (LCR) has been less addressed. Methods: A total of 189 stage I to III CRC patients who underwent radical resection were enrolled retrospectively. The significance of the LCR in predicting disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) was calculated and compared with other markers based on ALC. The DFS and OS differences among the low- and high-LCR subgroups and risk factors for the outcome were estimated by Kaplan–Meier analysis and the Cox proportional hazards model, respectively. Results: Taking 0.28 as the cutoff point, the LCR has a sensitivity and a specificity of 75.60% and 77.00%, respectively, in predicting OS. The prognostic efficacy of LCR was significantly superior to that of other markers based on ALC for predicting DFS and OS. A total of 34.92% (66/189) of patients displayed a low LCR (<0.28), and these patients were more likely to present poor cell differentiation ( P = .03), tumor deposits ( P < .01) and advanced T ( P < .01) and liver metastasis ( P = .02). Patients with a low LCR had significantly worse DFS (Log Rank = 34.98, P < .01) and OS (Log Rank = 43.17, P < .01) than those with a high LCR. The LCR was an independent prognostic factor for both DFS (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.20-0.62, P < .01) and OS (HR = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.08-0.37, P < .01). Conclusions: The LCR is a superior predictor of survival in stage I to III CRC, and patients with a low LCR have an inferior outcome; however, additional studies are required to validate its prognostic role.
‘Instruments are good at eliciting information; scores are very dangerous’: The perspectives of clinical professionals regarding neurodevelopmental assessment
Authors: Coughlan Barry , Woolgar Matt , Weisblatt Emma JL , Duschinsky Robbie 
Published: September 2022

Clinical judgement is a crucial part of autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) assessments. This study aims to harness insights from psychology and sociology to explore clinical perspectives and assessment practices of autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Qualitative interviews were conducted with health care professionals (n = 17). Interviews were conducted between January and May 2019. Data were analysed using a thematic approach. Themes were sorted into two interrelated categories (1) approaches to diagnosis (2) elements of diagnosis. Approaches to diagnosis were comprised of the following subthemes: nature of diagnosis, application of diagnosis: natural and pragmatic, revisiting conceptualisations: sub-optimal practice & unhelpful diagnoses, autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Elements of diagnosis contained three related subthemes: contextualising standardised assessments, triangulating material, organisational factors. There is sometimes a pragmatic as well as nosological dimension to diagnosis. Competing desires for consistency and utility add further complexity to neurodevelopmental assessment. Lay abstract Autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are common behaviourally diagnosed conditions. One of the key aspects of diagnosis is clinical judgement. Yet despite decades of research, it is only in recent times that researchers have started exploring clinicians’ perspectives on diagnosing these conditions. We aimed to add to this body of knowledge by conducting interviews with 17 experienced health care professionals in the United Kingdom to hear their perspectives on diagnosing autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Clinicians reflected that for some children and young people, diagnosis is reasonably straightforward; however, in other situations, decisions are made on more pragmatic grounds (i.e. will this be helpful). We identified some differences of opinion between professionals and organisation which adds to the complexity of applying a diagnosis. We recommend several areas for future research and point to some practical and philosophical implications of the work.
Drug-Coated Balloon Angioplasty for Carotid Artery In-Stent Restenosis: Case Series
Authors: Eljack Ammar , Shih Emily , Meidan Talia , Lanfear Allison , Taha Mohamed , Sayfo Sameh , Gable Dennis , Potluri Srinivasa 
Published: September 2022

Objectives: Few case reports have demonstrated promising results of drug-coated balloons (DCBs) as an emerging management for carotid artery in-stent restenosis (CAISR). Herein, we report 6 cases of CAISR which were treated with a DCB with or without new stent deployment. Background: Carotid artery in-stent restenosis is a high-risk condition with an estimated incidence rate that varies widely from 6% to 40%. Several strategies are available now for the management of the CAISR including conventional balloon angioplasty, plaque modification balloon angioplasty, and new stent placement. Methods: A retrospective review of consecutive patients with a diagnosis of severe CAISR at Baylor Scott & White The Heart Hospital Plano from 2011 to 2021 was performed. This study was approved by the Baylor Scott & White Research Institute institutional review board. Results: Six patients underwent DCB angioplasty with or without stent placement under an embolic protection device. Resolution of CAISR was achieved in all cases with 0% to 10% residual stenosis in all cases. Following the procedure, 1 patient had a brief episode of syncope with balloon inflation with immediate recovery on deflation of the balloon. There were otherwise no significant neurological or cardiac events prior to discharge. All patients were asymptomatic at their follow-up visit with no neurological or cardiac events reported at 12, 24, and 36 months following the procedure. Conclusion: While CAISR treatment remains a challenging condition, our study shows that the use of DCB with or without stent placement is a feasible and promising treatment option when compared with other conventional treatment options. Clinical Impact Carotid artery in-stent restenosis treatment remains a challenging condition. Our study shows that the use of drug coated balloon with or without stent placement is a feasible and promising treatment option when compared with current conventional treatment options.
Acupuncture and Reflexology for Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Cohort Study
Authors: Grant Suzanne J. , Spiegel Gretel , Brand Amanda , Kwon Ki Kyung , Heller Gillian , Choi Victoria , Wong Emma K. , Randle Lindley , Lacey Judith 
Published: September 2022

Purpose: Around three quarters of individuals undergoing chemotherapy self-report multiple symptoms. There is clinical trial evidence of effectiveness for acupuncture for commonly experienced symptoms, and emerging evidence for reflexology, but little is known about the effects of these therapies on multiple symptoms when implemented in a real world setting during active chemotherapy treatment. Methods: This was a cohort study of participants receiving reflexology and/or acupuncture while attending chemotherapy. Participants received a 20 minute reflexology treatment or a 20 minute acupuncture treatment or a combination of both. Patient reported outcome measures were administered before and after the treatment using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS). Results: During the study period, 330 unique patients received a total of 809 acupuncture and/or reflexology treatments. Participants had, on average, 5.3 symptoms each which they reported as moderate to severe (≥4/10) using the ESAS at baseline. Following treatment, participants reported 3.2 symptoms as moderate to severe. The symptom change for all participant encounters receiving any therapy was statistically significant for all symptoms, and clinically significant (a reduction of more than 1) for all symptoms except financial distress, appetite, and memory. Clinically significant levels of global distress (<3) were reduced in 72% of all participants receiving either therapy. No adverse events were recorded. Conclusions: The results indicate that acupuncture and reflexology administered alongside chemotherapy may reduce patient reported symptom burden and patient global symptom related distress. Future research would include an active control group, and consider confounding factors such as chemotherapy stage and medication.
The Effect of Monophasic Oral Contraceptives on Muscle Strength and Markers of Recovery After Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: A Systematic Review
Authors: Glenner-Frandsen Astrid , With Cecilie , Gunnarsson Thomas P. , Hostrup Morten 
Published: September 2022

Context: Oral contraceptives (OCs) manipulate hormonal fluctuations of the menstrual cycle and affect physical performance. Most investigations on the effect of OCs on physical performance did not discriminate between different types of OCs. Thus, the effects of monophasic OCs (MOCs) - the most common type of OCs - on muscle strength and recovery from exercise are largely unknown. Objective: To examine the effect of MOC use on muscle strength and markers of recovery after exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) in premenopausal women. Data Sources: Electronic databases Embase, PubMed, SportDiscus, and Web of Science were searched for studies examining the effect of MOCs on acute muscle strength and recovery. Study Selection: Keywords applied for the study selection were oral contraceptive* AND muscle strength or oral contraceptive* AND muscle damage. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Lowest quality assessed for an included study in this review was serious risk of bias using ROBINS-I tool made from Cochrane for nonrandomized studies. Data Extraction: A total of 104 studies on muscle strength were identified, of which 11 met the inclusion criteria. Concerning recovery, 51 studies were identified, of which 4 met the inclusion criteria. Results: Of the 11 studies included, 10 showed no effect of MOCs on acute muscle strength. Of the 4 studies on recovery, 2 found a greater decrease in muscle strength, and 3 found higher creatine kinase (CK) levels after EIMD in MOC users than in nonusers. The included studies were all rated with moderate-to-serious risk of bias. Conclusion: These findings suggest that MOCs may impair recovery from EIMD as indicated by lowered muscle strength and elevated CK levels. There is insufficient evidence to conclude whether MOCs acutely affect muscle strength. Moderate-to-serious risk of bias in studies makes interpretation challenging.
Pedestrian Safety Among High School Runners: A Case Series
Authors: Shore Erin , DeLong Randi , Powell Elaine , Register-Mihalik Johna , Stearns Rebecca , Koester Michael C. , Kucera Kristen 
Published: September 2022

Background: Participation in high school cross-country and track has increased over the last few decades. At the same time, the rate of pedestrian-involved motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) has also increased. In the context of organized sport, pedestrian safety among runners is often not highlighted, despite the risk of catastrophic injury. Purpose: To describe incidents of pedestrian-involved MVCs involving student athletes captured by the National Center for Catastrophic Sport Injury Research (NCCSIR) at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Study Design: Case series. Level of Evidence: Level 5. Methods: This study utilized surveillance data from the NCCSIR from 2011 to 2020. It presents descriptive statistics, including frequencies and percentages, detailed summaries, and a Haddon Matrix. Results: There were 8 incidents involving 11 student athletes, resulting in 9 fatalities. Of these, 5 cases occurred in the afternoon or early evening, 4 occurred in the Fall, and 6 occurred in a rural area. Haddon Matrix analyses of case descriptions indicate schools should implement a runner safety program for all new runners and ensure that runner safety measures are included in emergency action plans. Conclusion: Runner-related MVCs are relatively rare, but tragic, incidents. Pedestrian safety measures should be incorporated into school-sponsored practices and training runs. Clinical Relevance: Pedestrian safety should be incorporated into runner safety and injury prevention efforts.
Plaque Microbiome in Caries-Active and Caries-Free Teeth by Dentition
Authors: Bhaumik D. , Salzman E. , Davis E. , Blostein F. , Li G. , Neiswanger K. , Weyant R.J. , Crout R. , McNeil D.W. , Marazita M.L. , Foxman B. 
Published: September 2022

Objective: Describe associations between dental caries and dental plaque microbiome, by dentition and family membership. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis included 584 participants in the Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia Cohort 1 (COHRA1). We sequenced the 16S ribosomal RNA gene (V4 region) of frozen supragingival plaque, collected 10 y prior, from 185 caries-active (enamel and dentinal) and 565 caries-free (no lesions) teeth using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Sequences were filtered using the R DADA2 package and assigned taxonomy using the Human Oral Microbiome Database. Results: Microbiomes of caries-active and caries-free teeth were most similar in primary dentition and least similar in permanent dentition, but caries-active teeth were significantly less diverse than caries-free teeth in all dentition types. Streptococcus mutans had greater relative abundance in caries-active than caries-free teeth in all dentition types ( P < 0.01), as did Veillonella dispar in primary and mixed dentition ( P < 0.01). Fusobacterium sp. HMT 203 had significantly higher relative abundance in caries-free than caries-active teeth in all dentition types ( P < 0.01). In a linear mixed model adjusted for confounders, the relative abundance of S. mutans was significantly greater in plaque from caries-active than caries-free teeth ( P < 0.001), and the relative abundance of Fusobacterium sp. HMT 203 was significantly lower in plaque from caries-active than caries-free teeth ( P < 0.001). Adding an effect for family improved model fit for Fusobacterium sp. HMT 203 but not S. mutans. Conclusions: The diversity of supragingival plaque composition from caries-active and caries-free teeth changed with dentition, but S. mutans was positively and Fusobacterium sp. HMT 203 was negatively associated with caries regardless of dentition. There was a strong effect of family on the associations of Fusobacterium sp. HMT 203 with the caries-free state, but this was not true for S. mutans and the caries-active state. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Patients’ and dentists’ concerns about transmission of bacteria within families causing caries should be tempered by the evidence that some shared bacteria may contribute to good oral health.
Vestibular Imaging and Function in Patients With Inner Ear Malformation Presenting With Profound Hearing Loss
Authors: Dy Alexander Edward S. , Kashio Akinori , Fujimoto Chisato , Kinoshita Makoto , Kikkawa Yayoi S. , Hoshi Yujiro , Igarashi Kazunori , Uranaka Tsukasa , Iwasaki Shinichi , Yamasoba Tatsuya 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveVestibular impairment has been observed in patients with congenital hearing loss, but little is known about the vestibular anatomy and function of those in this group with inner ear malformations. This study aims to investigate the association between vestibulocochlear anatomy and vestibular function test results in children with inner ear malformations.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingPediatric patients with inner ear malformations presenting with bilateral profound hearing loss at a tertiary hospital from 1999 to 2017.MethodsEars were classified into subgroups based on anatomic abnormalities seen on computed tomography imaging. Cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP), rotatory chair, and caloric test results were obtained and collated. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated.ResultsOf 82 ears, 29.3% had incomplete partition type II malformation, the most common type. The second‐most common type was isolated vestibular organ anomaly (20.7%), which is not included in currently accepted categories. Most ears exhibited abnormal vestibular function. Abnormal vestibule volume was associated with a nonreactive cVEMP (P <. 001). Radiologically abnormal lateral semicircular canals were associated with abnormal caloric and rotatory chair results (P <. 001).ConclusionWith a relatively large number of cases of isolated vestibular organ anomaly not only in our study but also in previous publications, we suggest that this category be added to the subsets of inner ear malformations. Abnormal vestibule volume was significantly associated with a nonreactive cVEMP finding. The majority of patients with hearing loss secondary to inner ear malformations have abnormal vestibular function test results.