bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coronary Artery Calcification Score and the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Yun Hae-Ryong , Joo Young Su , Kim Hyung Woo , Park Jung Tak , Chang Tae Ik , Son Nak-Hoon , Yoo Tae-Hyun , Kang Shin-Wook , Sung Suah , Lee Kyu-Beck , Lee Joongyub , Oh Kook-Hwan , Han Seung Hyeok 
Published: June 2022

Significant Statement
Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) regardless of CKD status, and the CAC score (CACS) may have clinical implications beyond an increased CVD risk. In a prospective cohort study from 1936 patients with CKD in South Korea, higher CACS (1–100 AU and >100 AU) was associated with an increased risk of CKD progression (1.29-fold and 1.42-fold, respectively) compared with a CACS of 0. This association was consistent even after adjustment of nonfatal cardiovascular events being treated as a time-varying covariate. Moreover, the slope of eGFR decline was significantly greater in patients with higher CACS. These findings suggest that CACS may represent potential risk of CKD progression and high odds for adverse CVD.

Background
An elevated coronary artery calcification score (CACS) is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk in patients with CKD. However, the relationship between CACS and CKD progression has not been elucidated.

Methods
We studied 1936 participants with CKD (stages G1–G5 without kidney replacement therapy) enrolled in the KoreaN Cohort Study for Outcome in Patients With CKD. The main predictor was Agatston CACS categories at baseline (0 AU, 1–100 AU, and >100 AU). The primary outcome was CKD progression, defined as a ≥50% decline in eGFR or the onset of kidney failure with replacement therapy.

Results
During 8130 person-years of follow-up, the primary outcome occurred in 584 (30.2%) patients. In the adjusted cause-specific hazard model, CACS of 1–100 AU (hazard ratio [HR], 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 1.61) and CACS >100 AU (HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.82) were associated with a significantly higher risk of the primary outcome. The HR associated with per 1-SD log of CACS was 1.13 (95% CI, 1.03 to 1.24). When nonfatal cardiovascular events were treated as a time-varying covariate, CACS of 1–100 AU (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.60) and CACS >100 AU (HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.16 to 1.85) were also associated with a higher risk of CKD progression. The association was stronger in older patients, in those with type 2 diabetes, and in those not using antiplatelet drugs. Furthermore, patients with higher CACS had a significantly larger eGFR decline rate.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that a high CACS is associated with significantly increased risk of adverse kidney outcomes and CKD progression.
Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of PLZT x/40/60 (x = 5; 12) ceramics
Authors: Shcheglova A. I. , Kislova I. L. , Ilina T. S. , Kiselev D. A. , Barabanova E. V. , Ivanova A. I. 
Published: June 2022

The paper presents the results of studies of the structure, piezoelectric and dielectric properties of lead zirconate-titanate ceramics modified with lanthanum of various concentrations (PLZT). It was found that with an increase in the La content, the grain size and the average domain size increase. The PLZT 12/40/60 samples contain both labyrinth-like and periodic domains, as well as different lateral sizes from several hundred nanometers to 3 microns in diameter. It was found that the piezoelectric response signal increases with increasing domain sizes in samples with a high lanthanum content. The fact of the existence of areas on surface of PLZT x/40/60 ceramics having an internal displacement field is established, as evidenced by the asymmetry of the remnant piezoelectric hysteresis loops along the voltage axis. In the samples PLZT 5/40/60 and PLZT 12/40/60, a significant dispersion of the permittivity ε(f) and a maximum of the tangent of the dielectric loss angle were observed in the frequency range from 105 to 106 Hz. This is due to the presence of ionic relaxation polarization, as is the case in ionic dielectrics. It is established that the value of the dielectric constant increases markedly with increasing La, which confirms the occurrence of a rigid unipolar state in the PLZT 12/40/60 ceramic grains. In the samples under study, an increase in the tangent of the dielectric loss angle is observed at low frequencies of the measuring field, which is associated with the contribution of conductivity to tg δ. The dependences of the dielectric loss factor ε” on the dielectric permittivity ε’are constructed. They have the form of Cole-Cole diagrams, which indicates the presence of a relaxation time spectrum, while it was found that the spectrum width in PLZT 5/40/60 samples is about two times less than in PLZT 12/40/60 samples.
Maternal Anxiety, Depression, Alexithymia, and Social Support: Association With Maternal-Fetal Attachment in Pregnancy
Authors: Ierardi Elena , Bottini Marta , Facchinetti Melania , Crugnola Cristina Riva 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUNDMaternal-fetal attachment (MFA) is the emotional bond between a mother and her fetus and is influenced by numerous risk and protective factors during pregnancy. However, according to the literature, the results relating to the influence of these factors are mixed.METHODThe aim of the study is to identify the relationship between MFA and maternal distress, evaluated as maternal depression and anxiety, alexithymia, and perceived social support during the prenatal period in an Italian community sample. Ninety-four pregnant women completed self-report questionnaires.RESULTSResults showed that total MFA was negatively associated with maternal anxiety and alexithymia and was positively associated with social support. Moreover, maternal depression was negatively associated with the quality subscale of MFA The quality subscale of MFA was negatively associated with maternal state and trait anxiety and alexithymia and was positively associated with social support. The intensity subscale of MFA was positively associated with social support. Multiple regression showed that alexithymia and social support predicted MFA with a higher effect than maternal depression and anxiety.CONCLUSIONSThe results are useful for planning interventions aimed at supporting the mother-infant bond starting from pregnancy.
Footwear and insole design parameters to prevent occurrence and recurrence of neuropathic plantar forefoot ulcers in patients with diabetes; - A series of N-of-1 trials study protocol.
Authors: Ahmed Sayed , Butterworth Paul , Barwick Alex , Hasan Md Zobaer , Nancarrow Susan , Sharma Anita 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background Foot complications occur in conjunction with poorly controlled diabetes. Plantar forefoot ulceration contributes to partial amputation in unstable diabetics, and the risk increases with concomitant neuropathy. Reducing peak plantar forefoot pressure reduces ulcer occurrence and recurrence. Footwear and insoles are used to offload the neuropathic foot, but the success of offloading is dependent on patient adherence. This study aims to determine which design and modification features of footwear and insoles improve forefoot plantar pressure offloading and adherence in people with diabetes and neuropathy.MethodsThis study, involving an N-of-1 trial, included 21 participants who had a history of neuropathic plantar forefoot ulcers. Participants will be recruited from three sites, including two high-risk foot services and a private podiatry clinic in Sydney, Australia. MatScan and F-Scan plantar pressure mapping systems by TekScan (Boston, USA) will be used to measure barefoot and in-shoe pressures. Participant's self-report will be used to quantify the wearing period over a certain period of between two to four weeks during the trial. Patient preference toward the footwear and insoles design and quality-of-life related information will be collected and analysed. The descriptive and inferential statistical analyses will be performed using IBM SPSS Statistics (version 27). And the software NVivo (Version 12) will be utilised for the qualitative data analysis.DiscussionThis is the first trial assessing footwear and insole interventions in people with diabetes by using an N-of-1 trial. Reporting self-declared wearing period and participant's preferences on footwear style and aesthetics are the important approach for this trial. Patient-centric device designs are the key to therapeutic outcomes, and this study is designed with that strategy in mind.Trial registrationThis trial has been registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR), and the registration number is ACTRN12620000699965p.
Pattern of forage ingestion of sheep in native field with access to summer legume
Authors: Kroning Alexsandro Bahr , Ferreira Otoniel Geter Lauz , Gruppelli Joice Rodal , Nunes Luiza Padilha , de Oliveira Allan Patrick Timm , Farias Pâmela Peres , Costa Pablo Tavares 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of access to perennial peanut (Arachis pintoi) pasture on patterns of forage intake and rumination of sheep in native field. The treatments were exclusive grazing in native field (NF) and grazing in native field with free access to perennial peanut pasture (NF+PP), using four test animals for each area, with offer adjusted to 12% of body weight. Rumination, grazing, and idle time were evaluated, beyond to forage ingestion and forage mericic chewing rates. Grazing time during the diurnal period did not have significant differences between the treatments, but a shorter grazing time was observed during the morning when the animals had access to perennial peanut. Grazing and rumination times were negatively correlated with idle time. In the NF+PP treatment, the animals dedicated 18.00% of the daytime period to rumination, while in the NF treatment it was 26.25% of the daytime. With access to forage legumes, there was a decrease in grazing time and an increase in the rumination time of sheep compared to animals kept exclusively in native fields with the same forage allowance. Animals kept in native field and native field with free access to perennial peanut have similar grazing times throughout the day, but with differences between shifts. The animals show preference for perennial peanut, grazing most of time in this area. The longer grazing time on forage peanuts reduces the rumination time of sheep.
A blockchain-based log storage model with efficient query
Authors: Xu Gang , Yun Fan , Yu Yiying , Xu Shiyuan , Chen Xiu-Bo , Dong Mianxiong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The server logs play an essential role in website maintenance. When the Internet server is running, the service maintained may encounter various problems, and the logs generated by the server are the key data to locate the problems. However, the existing log storage systems are prone to a single point of failure, which may cause logs to be lost, and the problem cannot be rectified. Meanwhile, external attackers can tamper with logs to evade tracking, and the person in charge of an accident may also tamper with the log to evade responsibility. The advantages of blockchain, such as immutability, decentralization, and security, can effectively overcome these shortcomings. In this paper, we proposed a log data storage scheme based on blockchain and Interplanetary File System (IPFS). The lack of scalability of blockchain for storing large files is addressed by storing the log data stored in IPFS. Firstly, our model uses IPFS to store extensive file log data and combines blockchain technology to realize log data storage decentralization and difficulty to tamper. Secondly, to improve the query efficiency of log data, we propose two improved Merkle tree methods to provide fast queries of log data with a timestamp as query keywords. Finally, the experimental results show that the two methods have better log retrieval efficiency.
Distribution, source finding, and ecological hazard of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in coastal surface sediments of South Pars industrial region (Iran)
Authors: Ghadrshenas Alireza , Tabatabaie Tayebeh , Amiri Fazel , Pazira Abdul Rahim 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The South Pars Industrial Zone is one of the most important regions in Iran due to the presence of gas, petrochemical, and related industries which is known as Iran’s energy capital. In this study, the effects of pollution made by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on coastal sediments were investigated. Ten stations in different places such as vicinities of industries exit flow, ports, shipping terminals, export tanks, beaches and their surface sediments were selected and sampled for analysis in summer and winter in 2019. The samples were tested using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyzer. Concentrations of Σ PAH and Σ PCB were measured in the range of 26.50–306.45 ng.g-1dw (dry weight) and BDL (below the detection limit) –59.7 ng.g-1dw respectively. There was a significant increase near the outputs of refineries, petrochemicals, and the shipping industry. The ecological risks were reported “low” in all stations for PAH components, except for one station that recorded moderate levels of Acenaphtlen (Ace) and Fluorene (Flu) in the summer. The ecological risks related to PCB components were found to be in low-moderate levels. Three sources were suggested for PAHs: petrogenic (31%), fossil fuel combustion (51%), and biomass/coal combustion (18%). Power plants and wastewater treatment units (34%) and electrical waste disposal sites (66%) were predicted as the main sources of PCBs.It is necessary to prepare and implement a long-term monitoring plan for all outlets to the sea such as electrical waste.
Analyzing Inclusive Green Growth in China: A perspective of relative efficiency
Authors: Zhao Lin , Gao Xiaotong , Jia Jianqi , Zhang Yu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Inclusive Green Growth (IGG) has important reference value for China’s ecological civilization construction and transformation of economic development. Therefore, this study assesses China’s IGG level from the perspective of relative efficiency. The IGG efficiency (IGGE) was measured at the provincial level in China from 2000 to 2017 by using super Epsilon-based measure (EBM) model that considers undesirable outputs. The spatiotemporal pattern of IGGE was analyzed by kernel density estimation and spatial autocorrelation. The results indicate a fluctuating trend from 2000 to 2017 for the IGGE of China, and significant differences between regional interprovincial IGGE were observed. On average, the eastern region presented the highest efficiency, while the level in the central and western regions was similar. There is a positive spatial autocorrelation in the IGGE distribution, and the agglomeration of spatial distribution fluctuated during the study period. The IGGE has significant spatial spillover effects at the provincial level according to the spatial Durbin model. Among the influencing factors, the spatial spillover effects of dependence on import and export trade and technological innovation are significant. The regression results also confirm the Environmental Kuznets Curve effect between IGG and economic growth in China. Finally, some implicit policies can be established based on the empirical analysis.
From Laser Speckle to Particle Size Distribution in drying powders: A Physics-Enhanced AutoCorrelation-based Estimator (PEACE)
Authors: Zhang Qihang , Gamekkanda Janaka , Tang Wenlong , Papageorgiou Charles , Mitchell Chris , Yang Yihui , Schwaerzler Michael , Oyetunde Tolutola , Braatz Richard , Myerson Allan , Barbastathis George 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Extracting quantitative information about highly scattering surfaces from an imaging system is challenging because the phase of the scattered light undergoes multiple folds upon propagation, resulting in complex speckle patterns. One specific application is the drying of wet powders in the pharmaceutical industry, where quantifying the particle size distribution (PSD) is of particular interest. A non-invasive and real-time monitoring probe in the drying process is required, but there is no suitable candidate for this purpose. In this report, we develop a theoretical relationship from the PSD to the speckle image and describe a physics-enhanced autocorrelation-based estimator (PEACE) machine learning algorithm for speckle analysis to measure the PSD of a powder surface. This method solves both the forward and inverse problems together and enjoys increased interpretability, since the machine learning approximator is regularized by the physical law.
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (PfGAPDH): Design, Isolation, Synthesis and preliminary anti-malarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strains.
Authors: Pierre Yemback Kenneth , Oben Eyong Kenneth , Efange Noella M. , Kamdem Michael HK. , Ndinteh Derek T. , Odumosu Patricia O. , Folefoc Gabriel N. , Ayong Lawrence , Werner Thomas 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (PfGAPDH) for Plasmodium falciparum is a key glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) into 1,3-bisphosphate glycerate (1,3-BPG), with the concomitant reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to NADH. Compounds from the Cameroon Natural Product Library (CANAPL), were screened by molecular docking studies against the enzyme target PfGAPDH. Amongst these docking hits were the lupeol cinnamate (1) and oleanane cinnamate (2) with binding energies (Eb) of -10.55 kcal/mol and − 10.51 kcal/mol respectively, compared to PfGAPDH inhibitors; heptelidic acid (-6.47 kcal/mol), iodoacetate (-3.98 kcal/mol) and pentalenolactone (-6.87 kcal/mol). To validate the docking results, triterpenoids with structural similarities to (1) and (2) were isolated from Baillonella toxisperma (Pierre); olean-12-en-3β-hexadecanoate (3), 3-β-trans cinnamoyloxylup-20(29)-ene (4), oleanoic acid benzoate (5), 3β-amyrin (6), taraxerol (7), betulonic acid (8), β-sitosterol (9), betulinic acid (10), 3β-(trans-p-Coumaroyl)oxylup-20(29)-en-28-oïc acid (11), and screened alongside Betuline (12) and oleanolic acid (13). The favorable compounds 8 and 11 with 100% growth inhibition on Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strains together with compounds 4, 10 and 12 were structurally optimized to afford new lupane derivatives with the privilege α-β unsaturated carbonyl medicinal scaffolds; - betulonic acid acryl aldehyde (14), betulin acryl aldehyde (15), 3β-(trans-p-Coumaroyl)oxylup-20(29)-en-28-oïc acid acryl aldehyde (16), 30-hydroxy betulinic acid (17), betulinic acid acryl aldehyde (18) and 3-β-trans cinnamoyloxylup-20(29)-ene acryl aldehyde (19) exhibiting more potent anti-malarial activities. Their assays afforded IC50 values of 0.703 µM, 2.15 µM, 1.28 µM, and 3.79 µM for compounds 14, 15, 16 and 18 respectively. These results validate our docking scores and indicate that the modified compounds with the privilege α,β- unsaturated carbonyl medicinal scaffolds could be further optimized into potent antimalarial agents.
How genes, schools, and residential areas shape achievement: A population-wide gene-environment interaction study
Authors: Cheesman Rosa , Borgen Nicolai , Lyngstad Torkild , Eilertsen Espen , Ayorech Ziada , Torvik Fartein , Andreassen Ole , Zachrisson Henrik , Ystrom Eivind 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A child’s environment is thought to be composed of different levels that interact with individual genetic propensities, with less advantaged environments suppressing genetic effects on achievement. However, studies have not tested this theory comprehensively across multiple environmental levels. Here, we quantify the contributions of child, parent, school, neighbourhood, district, and municipality factors to achievement, and investigate interactions between polygenic scores for educational attainment (EA-PGS) and environmental levels. We link population-wide administrative data on children’s standardised test results, schools and residential identifiers to the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), which includes >23,000 genotyped parent-child trios. We test for gene-environment interactions using multilevel models with interactions between EA-PGS and random effects for school and residential environments (thus remaining agnostic to specific features of environments) and use parent EA-PGS to control for gene-environment correlation. Our within-family results suggest that students’ EA-PGS interact with schools but not residential environments (neighbourhoods, districts, and municipalities), which explain negligible variance. Students’ EA-PGS explain four times the variance in achievement in the 2.5% of schools where EA-PGS associations are strongest as in the 2.5% where effects are weakest. Contrary to theory, PGS effects are stronger in less advantaged environments (lower-performing schools). None of the school sociodemographic measures we tested could explain the interaction. Schools make a greater difference to the achievements of students with lower EA-PGS, explaining 4% of the variance for students 2SD below the mean PGS, but 2% for students 2SD above the mean. Policy to reduce social inequality in achievement in Norway should focus on tackling unequal support across schools for children with difficulties, and not on differences between residential areas.
Going green in China: How does digital finance affect environmental pollution? Mechanism discussion and empirical test
Authors: Du Mingyue , Hou Yifan , Zhou Qingjie , Ren Siyu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
With the continuous advancement of the technological revolution and industrial transformation, environmental governance supported by digital finance has become an important engine for achieving carbon neutrality. Based on panel data from 30 provinces in China, this study discusses the spatial spillover effect and transmission mechanism between digital finance and environmental pollution. Our research results confirm that the inhibitory effect of digital finance on local environmental pollution gradually increases with the improvement of digital finance. Interestingly, digital finance has a significant positive spatial spillover effect on environmental pollution in surrounding areas. The mediating effect shows that digital finance can alleviate environmental pollution by improving technological innovation, industrial upgrading, and industrial structure rationalization. A higher degree of marketization and governmental support can increase the positive influences of digital finance on pollution reduction. This research proves the effectiveness of digital finance in improving environmental governance, and it encourages policy-makers around the world to rely on digital finance to promote ecological governance and achieve high-quality economic development.