bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zooplankton assemblage and body size responses to severe lake eutrophication from agricultural activities near mink farms in Nova Scotia, Canada
Authors: Jones A , Labaj A , Campbell J , Libera N , Kurek J 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Mink fur farming was once a widespread agricultural activity in southwestern Nova Scotia. Freshwaters near to and downstream of several mink fur farm operations have experienced severe water quality issues, including eutrophication and recurring algal blooms. Here, we use dated lake sediments to examine trends in primary producers and primary consumers from a hypereutrophic lake to assess how cladoceran assemblages have responded to extreme eutrophication. Shifts in the dominant pelagic cladoceran taxa began in the early 1900s, coinciding with an increase in sedimentary chlorophyll-a concentrations. Notably, small-bodied bosminids decreased, while taxa such as Chydorus brevilabris and Daphnia pulex spp. dominated assemblages in recent decades. Bottom-up ecological factors, such as decades of greater primary production, were the likely drivers of assemblage shifts of primary consumers. Consistent body sizes of bosminids throughout the sedimentary record suggested that pelagic cladocerans were not influenced solely by predation pressure from macroinvertebrates or fish. This study provides evidence of large-scale ecological shifts occurring at multiple trophic levels in a hypereutrophic temperate lake with mink farming operations in its catchment.
Rising rates of starch degradation during daytime and trehalose 6-phosphate optimize carbon availability
Authors: Ishihara Hirofumi , Alseekh Saleh , Feil Regina , Perera Pumi , George Gavin M , Niedźwiecki Piotr , Arrivault Stephanie , Zeeman Samuel C , Fernie Alisdair R , Lunn John E , Smith Alison M , Stitt Mark 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Many plants, including Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), accumulate starch in the light and remobilize it to support maintenance and growth at night. Starch synthesis and degradation are usually viewed as temporally separate processes. Recently, we reported that starch is also degraded in the light. Degradation rates are generally low early in the day but rise with time. Here, we show that the rate of degradation in the light depends on time relative to dawn rather than dusk. We also show that degradation in the light is inhibited by trehalose 6-phosphate, a signal for sucrose availability. The observed responses of degradation in the light can be simulated by a skeletal model in which the rate of degradation is a function of starch content divided by time remaining until dawn. The fit is improved by extension to include feedback inhibition of starch degradation by trehalose 6-phosphate. We also investigate possible functions of simultaneous starch synthesis and degradation in the light, using empirically parameterized models and experimental approaches. The idea that this cycle buffers growth against falling rates of photosynthesis at twilight is supported by data showing that rates of protein and cell wall synthesis remain high during a simulated dusk twilight. Degradation of starch in the light may also counter over-accumulation of starch in long photoperiods and stabilize signaling around dusk. We conclude that starch degradation in the light is regulated by mechanisms similar to those that operate at night and is important for stabilizing carbon availability and signaling, thus optimizing growth in natural light conditions.
Cell wall-localized BETA-XYLOSIDASE4 contributes to immunity of Arabidopsis against Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Guzha Athanas , McGee Robert , Scholz Patricia , Hartken Denise , Lüdke Daniel , Bauer Kornelia , Wenig Marion , Zienkiewicz Krzysztof , Herrfurth Cornelia , Feussner Ivo , Vlot A Corina , Wiermer Marcel , Haughn George , Ischebeck Till 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Plant cell walls constitute physical barriers that restrict access of microbial pathogens to the contents of plant cells. The primary cell wall of multicellular plants predominantly consists of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin, and its composition can change upon stress. BETA-XYLOSIDASE4 (BXL4) belongs to a seven-member gene family in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), one of which encodes a protein (BXL1) involved in cell wall remodeling. We assayed the influence of BXL4 on plant immunity and investigated the subcellular localization and enzymatic activity of BXL4, making use of mutant and overexpression lines. BXL4 localized to the apoplast and was induced upon infection with the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea in a jasmonoyl isoleucine-dependent manner. The bxl4 mutants showed a reduced resistance to B. cinerea, while resistance was increased in conditional overexpression lines. Ectopic expression of BXL4 in Arabidopsis seed coat epidermal cells rescued a bxl1 mutant phenotype, suggesting that, like BXL1, BXL4 has both xylosidase and arabinosidase activity. We conclude that BXL4 is a xylosidase/arabinosidase that is secreted to the apoplast and its expression is upregulated under pathogen attack, contributing to immunity against B. cinerea, possibly by removal of arabinose and xylose side-chains of polysaccharides in the primary cell wall.
MicroRNA candidate miRcand137 in apple is induced by Botryosphaeria dothidea for impairing host defense
Authors: Yu Xinyi , Hou Yingjun , Cao Lifang , Zhou Tingting , Wang Sanhong , Hu Kaixu , Chen Jingrui , Qu Shenchun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA)-mediated gene silencing is a master gene regulatory pathway in plant–pathogen interactions. The differential accumulation of miRNAs among plant varieties alters the expression of target genes, affecting plant defense responses and causing resistance differences among varieties. Botryosphaeria dothidea is an important phytopathogenic fungus of apple (Malus domestica). Malus hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehder, a wild apple species, is highly resistant, whereas the apple cultivar “Fuji” is highly susceptible. Here, we identified a 22-nt miRNA candidate named miRcand137 that compromises host resistance to B. dothidea infection and whose processing was affected by precursor sequence variation between M. hupehensis and “Fuji.” miRcand137 guides the direct cleavage of and produced target-derived secondary siRNA against Ethylene response factor 14 (ERF14), a transcriptional activator of pathogenesis-related homologs that confers disease resistance to apple. We showed that miRcand137 acts as an inhibitor of apple immunity by compromising ERF14-mediated anti-fungal defense and revealed a negative association between miRcand137 expression and B. dothidea sensitivity in both resistant and susceptible apples. Furthermore, MIRCAND137 was transcriptionally activated by the invading fungi but not by the fungal elicitor, implying B. dothidea induced host miRcand137 as an infection strategy. We propose that the inefficient miRcand137 processing in M. hupehensis decreased pathogen-initiated miRcand137 accumulation, leading to higher resistance against B. dothidea.
Oryza sativa PECTIN DEFECTIVE TAPETUM1 affects anther development through a pectin-mediated signaling pathway in rice
Authors: Yin Wuzhong , Yang Hongxia , Wang Yantong , Feng Ping , Deng Yao , Zhang Lisha , He Guanghua , Wang Nan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Galacturonosyltransferase (GalAT) is required for the synthesis of pectin, an important component of plant cell walls that is also involved in signal transduction. Here, we describe the rice (Oryza sativa) male-sterile mutant O. sativa pectin-defective tapetum1 (ospdt1), in which GalAT is mutated. The ospdt1 mutant exhibited premature programmed cell death (PCD) of the tapetum and disordered pollen walls, resulting in aborted pollen grains. Pectin distribution in the anther sac was comparable between the mutant and the wild-type, suggesting that the structural pectin was not dramatically affected in ospdt1. Wall-associated kinases are necessary for the signal transduction of pectin, and the intracellular distribution of O. sativa indica WALL-ASSOCIATED KINASE1 (OsiWAK1), which binds pectic polysaccharides to its extracellular domain, was affected in ospdt1. OsiWAK1 RNA interference lines exhibited earlier tapetal PCD, similar to ospdt1. Furthermore, overexpression of OsiWAK1 in ospdt1 lines partially rescued the defects observed in ospdt1, suggesting that OsiWAK1 plays pivotal roles in the function of OsPDT1. These results suggest that the mutation of OsPDT1 does not dramatically affect structural pectin but affects components of the pectin-mediated signaling pathway, such as OsiWAK1, and causes male sterility.
Defining Success in Transitions from Pediatric to Adult Chronic Pain Care: A Descriptive Qualitative Study of Perspectives of Young Adults Living with Chronic Pain
Authors: Oreper Julie , Khalid Ayesha , Sheffe Sarah , Mustafa Nida , Vader Kyle , Bosma Rachael 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective
To explore how young adults with chronic pain define a successful transition from pediatric to adult chronic pain care and how they would like to be empowered to achieve a successful transition.

Design
A descriptive qualitative design.

Setting
Participants were recruited from a hospital-based chronic pain clinic in Toronto, Canada, and through social media.

Subjects
Young adults (18–25 years of age, inclusive) who received chronic pain care in a pediatric setting and continued to self-identify as having a need for chronic pain care in an adult chronic pain care setting.

Methods
Semistructured interviews were used to understand the perspectives of young adults with chronic pain. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and checked for accuracy. Qualitative inductive content analysis was used to analyze the interview data.

Results
Eight young adults with chronic pain were interviewed (all women; median age=19 years). Five themes that addressed the study objectives are described: 1) Young adults value skill-building and knowledge about the transition, 2) establishment of a strong therapeutic alliance with health care providers, 3) coordinated and planned transition, 4) social and environmental support, and 5) respect for young adults’ independence and autonomy.

Conclusion
Findings suggest the need for a collaborative and individualized approach to the successful transition of young adults across the continuum of chronic pain care that addresses their unique needs. To promote successful transition, clinicians should build relationships with young adults that facilitate choice and autonomy while enhancing skill-building and education on available resources.
Ranking the information content of distance measures
Authors: Glielmo Aldo , Zeni Claudio , Cheng Bingqing , Csányi Gábor , Laio Alessandro 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Real-world data typically contain a large number of features that are often heterogeneous in nature, relevance, and also units of measure. When assessing the similarity between data points, one can build various distance measures using subsets of these features. Finding a small set of features that still retains sufficient information about the dataset is important for the successful application of many statistical learning approaches. We introduce a statistical test that can assess the relative information retained when using 2 different distance measures, and determine if they are equivalent, independent, or if one is more informative than the other. This ranking can in turn be used to identify the most informative distance measure and, therefore, the most informative set of features, out of a pool of candidates. To illustrate the general applicability of our approach, we show that it reproduces the known importance ranking of policy variables for Covid-19 control, and also identifies compact yet informative descriptors for atomic structures. We further provide initial evidence that the information asymmetry measured by the proposed test can be used to infer relationships of causality between the features of a dataset. The method is general and should be applicable to many branches of science.
Female Health Across the Tree of Life: Insights at the Intersection of Women's Health, One Health and Planetary Health
Authors: Natterson-Horowitz B , Boddy Amy M , Zimmerman Dawn 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Across the tree of life, female animals share biological characteristics that place them at risk for similar diseases and disorders. Greater awareness of these shared vulnerabilities can accelerate insight and innovation in women's health. We present a broadly comparative approach to female health that can inform issues ranging from mammary, ovarian, and endometrial cancer to preeclampsia, osteoporosis, and infertility. Our focus on female health highlights the interdependence of human, animal, and environmental health. As the boundaries between human and animal environments become blurred, female animals across species are exposed to increasingly similar environmental hazards. As such, the health of female animals has unprecedented relevance to the field of woman's health. Expanding surveillance of animal populations beyond zoonoses to include noncommunicable diseases can strengthen women's health prevention efforts as environmental factors are increasingly implicated in human mortality. The physiology of nonhuman females can also spark innovation in women's health. There is growing interest in those species of which the females appear to have a level of resistance to pathologies that claim millions of human lives every year. These physiologic adaptations highlight the importance of biodiversity to human health. Insights at the intersection of women's health and planetary health can be a rich source of innovations benefitting the health of all animals across the tree of life.
The Prospect of Antiracism
Authors: Davis Darren W , Wilson David C 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Racial reckoning in response to racial injustice has compelled individuals, organizations, and institutions to acknowledge and adopt policies that actively challenge racial injustice. A central tenet of this era of reckoning is that it is no longer acceptable to ignore racist behaviors and expressions. To the extent that active opposition to racial prejudice is an effective strategy for individuals to pursue, we examine individual inclinations to act on matters of racial prejudice. We argue that in spite of best intentions, the motivation to act against racism, what we call “antiracism action orientation,” can be disrupted by system-justifying beliefs that raise questions about deservingness, legitimize the status quo, and therefore defend inaction. Survey data from the 2020 Congressional Election Study show that antiracism action orientation is strongest among African Americans, and those with more positive affect toward racial-ethnic minorities, and supporters of change. Among Whites, racial resentment dominates the motivations for antiracism to the point that typical political allies like Democrats, liberals, and those who acknowledge White privilege reduce their antiracism action orientation to lower levels than Republicans, conservatives, and deniers of White privilege. We conclude that most Americans, but especially Whites, have a high bar for change, making racism an ongoing American dilemma because of both racial attitudes and the costs of change.
Police Abuse or Just Deserts?
Authors: Israel-Trummel Mackenzie , Streeter Shea 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDivergent public responses to police brutality incidents demonstrate that for some, police violence is an injustice that demands remediation, while for others state violence is justice served. We develop a novel survey experiment in which we randomize the race and gender of a victim of police violence, and then provide respondents with an opportunity to establish justice via compensation. We uncover small but consistent effects that financial restitution is most supported for a White female detainee and least supported for a Black female detainee, and this is largely driven by White respondents. Beyond the treatment effects, we show that Black respondents are much more likely to perceive detainees as deserving of restitution; across all treatments, Black respondents are 58 percent more likely than Whites to support a financial settlement. We further show that White respondents’ perceptions of deservingness are highly related to their perceptions of who is at fault for the beating—the detainee or the police—and whether the detainee was involved in crime. Black respondents remain likely to award a settlement even if they think the detainee was at fault and involved in crime. Our results provide further evidence that perceptions of who deserves restorative justice for state violence are entangled with race in targeted ways.
Racial Identity, Reparations, and Modern Views of Justice Concerning Slavery
Authors: Reichelmann Ashley V , Roos J Micah , Hughes Michael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPublic opinion polls frequently demonstrate that the American debate on reparations for slavery falls along racial lines. However, less attention has been paid to how social psychological factors such as views of deservingness mediate that relationship. This manuscript highlights how identity, deservingness, and views of justice affect attitudes about symbolic reparations—a step that many believe is necessary to achieve closure and pave a path for racial equality. Using survey data from an opt-in sample, we demonstrate how both in-group pride and myths of undeservingness of Black Americans function through racial identity to uniquely affect a respondent’s understanding of the lasting harms of slavery. Increases in pride result in opposition to symbolic reparations among white Americans, but they lead to support among Black Americans and Latinx Americans. Racial/ethnic pride has no impact on support for such reparations among Asian Americans. We find that agreement with myths of Black Americans’ undeservingness largely explains the effect of pride among white Americans but not among racialized minority groups, and we argue that this is largely due to the socio- historical context of their identities. We conclude by discussing the implications this has for reparations as a form of justice 155 years after formal slavery ended in the United States.
Sexual Harassment and Gender Inequality in the Labor Market
Authors: Folke Olle , Rickne Johanna 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We describe how sexual harassment contributes to sex segregation and pay inequality in the labor market. Combining nationally representative survey data and administrative data, we show that both harassment and wages vary strongly and systematically across workplaces. Women self-report more harassment from colleagues and managers in male-dominated workplaces where wages are relatively high, and men self-report more harassment in female-dominated workplaces where wages are low. These patterns imply two ways that harassment may contribute to gender inequality. First, harassment deters women and men from applying for jobs in workplaces where they are the gender minority. A survey experiment with hypothetical job choices supports this mechanism. Respondents are highly averse to accepting jobs in workplaces with a higher harassment risk for their own gender, but less averse when people of the opposite sex are at higher risk. A second way that harassment contributes to inequality is by making workplace gender minorities leave their workplaces for new jobs. An analysis of workplace transitions supports this mechanism. Women who self-report harassment are more likely to switch to new workplaces with more female colleagues and lower pay.
Asymptotically sharp discrete nonlinear Hausdorff–Young inequalities for the SU(1,1)-valued Fourier products
Authors: Kovač Vjekoslav , Oliveira E Silva Diogo , RupčIć Jelena 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We work in a discrete model of the nonlinear Fourier transform (following the terminology of Tao and Thiele), which appears in the study of orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle. The corresponding nonlinear variant of the Hausdorff–Young inequality can be deduced by adapting the ideas of Christ and Kiselev to the present discrete setting. However, the behavior of sharp constants remains largely unresolved. In this short note we give two results on these constants, after restricting our attention to either sufficiently small sequences or sequences that are far from being the extremizers of the linear Hausdorff–Young inequality.
The funding and research trends in library and information science of NSSFC: Comparison of awards and papers
Authors: Xiang Jianqin , Wang Haiyan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Subject to various restrictive requirements on project application and completion, funded projects are often affected by funding policies for the selection of research objects. This study explored the impact of scientific research funding policies on the funding and research by comparing the topic distribution of awards and papers. A total of 1,870 awards and 16,491 papers of the National Social Science Foundation of China (NSSFC) in library and information science (LIS) were collected from a Chinese research project database. According to the results, the growth rate of awards on most topics is higher than that of papers, while the growth rate of papers on the relevant topics to users, technology, and metrology is higher than that of awards. It was found out in the study that the topics funded by NSSFC were imbalanced. NSSFC provides much more funding to traditional topics rather than emerging topics. As indicated by the funding provided to the projects on traditional topics for research on a large number of papers on emerging topics, however, the innovation and diversity of academic research have yet to be restricted. This study demonstrated that the effect of funding policies on the research topics in LIS is significant. Topic suggestions and funding structure of NSSFC have more impacts on award topics than on paper topics. The influence of NSSFC-recommended topics on paper topics is declining year by year. Additionally, awards with high funding intensity are more susceptible to topic suggestions.
STUDY OF BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF TRITIUM IN MICE
Authors: Umata Toshiyuki 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The mutation, apoptosis and chromosomal aberration induced by tritiated water (HTO) in spleen T lymphocytes of mice were investigated and compared with those by acute or chronic 137Cs gamma irradiation. p53 wild-type (p53+/+) and null (p53−/−) mice were exposed to tritium (3H) beta rays via a single injection of HTO. 137Cs gamma irradiation was carried out at dose-rate of 0.86Gy min−1 (acute) and at a low dose-rate (0.71–0.09 mGy min−1) that mimicked internal exposure (gamma simulation-irradiation). Each dose of irradiation was 3Gy. When compared on the basis of the induced TCR variant fractions in p53−/− mice at 3Gy, 3H beta rays appeared to be more mutagenic than chronic gamma ray reference. On the other hand, both of the frequency chromosomal aberration was not different significantly between HTO injected and 137Cs gamma irradiated mice.