bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tax Advantages and Imperfect Competition in Auctions for Municipal Bonds
Authors: Garrett Daniel , Ordin Andrey , Roberts James W , Suárez Serrato Juan Carlos 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe study the interaction between tax advantages for municipal bonds and the market structure of auctions for these bonds. We show that this interaction can limit a bidder’s ability to extract information rents and is a crucial determinant of state and local governments’ borrowing costs. Reduced-form estimates show that increasing the tax advantage by 3 pp lowers mean borrowing costs by 9–10$\%$. We estimate a structural auction model to measure markups and to illustrate and quantify how the interaction between tax policy and bidder strategic behaviour determines the impact of tax advantages on municipal borrowing costs. We use the estimated model to evaluate the efficiency of Obama and Trump administration policies that limit the tax advantage for municipal bonds. Because reductions in the tax advantage inflate bidder markups and depress competition, the resulting increase in municipal borrowing costs more than offsets the tax savings to the government. Finally, we use the model to analyse a recent non-tax regulation that affects entry into municipal bond auctions.
DYNAMIC OF BEDSIDE ULTRASOUND VENOUS AND PULMONARY CONGESTION ASSESSMENT IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AND DECOMPENSATED HEART FAILURE
Authors: Aslanova Rena , Andriamanohery Robinson , Abdulloev Dzhakhongir , Montoya F. Cabello , Lapshin Artem , Efimova Viktoriia , Safarova Ayten , Kobalava Zhanna 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
arterial hypertension is a major pandemic in the modern world and is a common cause of heart failure. Identification of pulmonary and venous congestion is relevant in patients with arterial hypertension(AH) and decompensated heart failure (DHF)

Design and method:
to assess the severity and dynamics of venous congestion (VC) by VExUS (including the study of the inferior vena cava (IVC), porto-hepatic and renal blood flow), and pulmonary congestion (PC) by LUS (with B-lines assessment according to 8-zone method) in patients with AH and DHF at admission to hospital and at discharge. The PC was defined as the sum of B-lines of more than 5 (6–15, 16–30 and> 30 - light, moderate and severe pulmonary congestion, respectively). Standard examinations and assessment of VC and LUS were performed in 52 patients with AH and DHF in the first 48 hours after admission and at discharge (men 48%, age 70 ± 11 years (M ± SD), atrial fibrillation 60%, diabetes 40%, chronic anemia 27%, left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) 50 [40; 57] %, EF < 40% - 29%, NTproBNP 1421 [754; 2024] pg/ml (Me; IQR)). To assess the severity of clinical symptoms and signs of congestion, the composite congestion score (CCS) was assessed: 0 - no congestion; 1–2-moderate; > = 3 severe congestion.

Results:
at admission, 27% of patients had moderate congestion according to CCS scale, 65% had severe congestion. In 31%, 13% and 17% of patients, mild, moderate and severe VC was revealed, respectively. Mild, moderate and severe PC was detected in 21%, 27% and 48% of patients, respectively. Congestion was present in 50% of patients at discharge according to CCS scale (moderate-42%, severe-8%). VC persisted in 38% of patients:mild in 20%, moderate–in 12%, severe–in 6% of cases. At discharge, PC was still present in 44% of patients. 15% of patients had mild PC, 20%-moderate and 9%-severe. VC and PC significantly correlated with NT-proBNP (r = 0.3,p = 0.03 and r = 0.41,p = 0.003,respectively) and with each other (r = 0.35,p = 0.01)

Conclusions:
Correlations between venous congestion assessed by VEXUS protocol and PC by LUS with NtproBNP in patients with AH and DHF were revealed
Multiple Organ Dysfunction in Older Major Trauma Critical Care Patients
Authors: Cole Elaine , Aylwin Chris , Christie Robert , Dillane Bebhinn , Farrah Helen , Hopkins Phillip , Ryan Chris , Woodgate Adam , Brohi Karim 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
The objective was to explore the characteristics and outcomes of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in older trauma patients.

Background:
Severely injured older people present an increasing challenge for trauma systems. Recovery for those who require critical care may be complicated by MODS. In older trauma patients, MODS may not be predictable based on chronological age alone and factors associated with its development and resolution are unclear.

Methods:
Consecutive adult patients (aged ≥16 years) admitted to 4 level 1 major trauma center critical care units were enrolled and reviewed daily until discharge or death. MODS was defined by a daily total sequential organ failure assessment score of >5.

Results:
One thousand three hundred sixteen patients were enrolled over 18 months and one-third (434) were aged ≥65 years. Incidence of MODS was high for both age groups (<65 years: 64%, ≥65 years: 70%). There were few differences in severity, patterns, and duration of MODS between cohorts, except for older traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients who experienced a prolonged course of MODS recovery (TBI: 9 days vs no TBI: 5 days, P < 0.01). Frailty rather than chronological age had a strong association with MODS development (odds ratio [OR], 6.9; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 3.0–12.4; P < 0.001) and MODS mortality (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.31–3.38; P = 0.02). Critical care resource utilization was not increased in older patients, but MODS had a substantial impact on mortality (<65 years: 17%; ≥65 years: 28%). The majority of older patients who did not develop MODS survived and had favorable discharge outcomes (home discharge ≥65 years NoMODS: 50% vs MODS: 15%; P < 0.01).

Conclusions:
Frailty rather than chronological age appears to drive MODS development, recovery, and outcome in older cohorts. Early identification of frailty after trauma may help to predict MODS and plan care in older trauma.
Concurrent Mental Illness and Financial Barriers to Mental Health Care Among a Nationally Representative Sample of Orthopaedic Trauma Survivors
Authors: Jella Tarun K. , Cwalina Thomas B. , Vallier Heather A. 
Published: June 2022

Objectives:
To understand prevalence and factors associated with concurrent mental illness and financial barriers to mental health care after orthopaedic trauma.

Design:
This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Interview-based survey was conducted across representative sample of 30,000 US households.

Patients/Participants:
The study included 2,309 survey respondents reporting a fracture over the past 3 months, between 2004 and 2017.

Intervention:
Screening for financial barriers to mental health care.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Prevalence and factors associated with concurrent mental illness and financial barriers to mental health care based on sociodemographic and injury characteristics were the main outcome measurements.

Results:
Of the 2309 orthopaedic trauma survivors included in our analysis, 203 patients [7.8%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 6.4%–9.2%] were determined to experience severe mental illness, of whom 54 (25.3%, 95% CI: 18.0%–32.6%) and 86 (40.9%, 95% CI: 31.5%–50.2%) reported financial barriers to counseling and pharmacotherapy, respectively. Factors associated with concurrent severe mental illness and cost barriers to care were 45 to 64 years of age [adjusted odds ratios (AOR) 5.1, 95% CI: 1.7–15, P = 0.004], income below 200% of the Federal Poverty Threshold (AOR 2.5, 95% CI: 1.2–5.3, P = 0.012), and unemployment at the time of injury (AOR 3.9, 95% CI: 1.4–11, P = 0.009).

Conclusions:
Approximately one half of orthopaedic trauma survivors with severe mental illness face financial barriers to some form of mental health services. Younger, minority, and low socioeconomic status patients are most affected. These data suggest the presence of postdiagnosis disparities in mental health access that may be improved through direct provision and subsidization of integrated mental health support services for high-risk populations.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A Pilot Study of a Tablet-Based Emotion Regulation Intervention for Early Adolescents
Authors: Houck Christopher , Modrowski Crosby A. , Hadley Wendy , Barker David , Myers Valerie , Bala Kelsey , Wickham Brittany , Jerrod Tiffany 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
This study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary outcomes of internet-based Talking About Risk and Adolescent Choices (iTRAC), a tablet intervention designed to promote emotion regulation (ER) skills among middle schoolers as a strategy for reducing risk behaviors.

Methods:
Adolescents (12–14 years) were recruited from 3 urban US schools for advisory groups (n = 15), acceptability testing (n = 11), and pilot testing (n = 85). Youth advisory boards and expert panels tailored content, resulting in an animated intervention of instructional videos, games, and activities designed to teach ER strategies to young adolescents. Eighty-five adolescents were randomized to the 4-module digital iTRAC intervention or a wait-list control group. Adolescents and 1 parent completed baseline and 3-month follow-up questionnaires examining ER attitudes and behaviors; adolescents also completed behavioral tasks related to distress tolerance.

Results:
Among those randomized to iTRAC, 88% completed all modules. Moderate effect sizes (d ≥ 0.36) were found from baseline to follow-up on adolescents' beliefs in the controllability of emotions, awareness of emotions, self-efficacy for managing emotions, perceived access to ER strategies, and use of ER strategies. Parent measures of adolescent regulation showed mixed results.

Conclusion:
A digital intervention to enhance ER skills for youth in early adolescence was feasible and demonstrated promising indicators of impact on emotional competence. Increasing adolescents' awareness of and access to ER strategies could reduce decisions driven by transient emotions, which in turn may reduce engagement in risk behaviors and resultant negative health outcomes. This brief tablet-based intervention has the potential to be self-administered and used to increase emotional competency.
Fingertip Injuries Outcome Score
Authors: Jerome J. Terrence Jose , Malshikare Vijay A. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Fingertip injury reconstruction aims to restore function and appearance. We report our new fingertip injuries outcome score (FIOS) based on finger length, bone consolidation, nail aesthetics, sensation, range of motion, grip strength, and return to work to evaluate the functional outcome of fingertip injuries.

Methods:
We analyzed the reliability and validity of the FIOS in 199 fingertip injuries of varying size, shape, and contours involving soft tissues and the bone. Semi-occlusive dressings and various reconstructive procedures were done based on the geometry. The FIOS had 10 items and specific scores.

Results:
The mean follow-up of our study was 26.8 months (range, 18–66 months). We classified the results based on the FIOS. A value of 12 or more is considered excellent; 13–18 is good; 19–24 is fair; and greater than 24 is poor. Excellent or good results were achieved in 186 cases. Nine cases had fair results, and four had poor results. We found the FIOS significantly reliable, consistent (Cronbach’s alpha 0.796), reproducible, and valid (ANOVA P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
FIOS is a simple, reliable, and meaningful method to assess the outcome of fingertip injuries. It is clinically relevant and remains a comparison tool for evaluating the efficiencies of treatment.
The anterior head of deltoid in relation to anterior clavicle plating: how much are we releasing?
Authors: Black Sarah , Snoap Tyler , Christiansen Eric , Roberts Jason , Stehlik Kevin A. 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
Middle to distal-third clavicular shaft fractures are commonly treated with precontoured anterior plating. Some surgeons use mini-fragment plate fixation and position these plates on the anterior clavicle. Recent studies demonstrated the advantages of anterior clavicle plating, including a possible biomechanical advantage with cantilever bending forces and less subsequent implant removal. The insertion and positioning of anteriorly based clavicle plates requires the release of a portion of the anterior deltoid origin from the lateral clavicle. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anatomy of the deltoid in relation to the clavicle and to determine the percentage of the deltoid origin released to place modern anterior precontoured plates.

Methods:
Six right and 4 left cadaver shoulders were dissected, each from separate cadaveric specimens (6 male and 4 female). All measurements were made with digital calipers. The length of the clavicle was measured from the acromioclavicular joint to the sternoclavicular joint. The length of deltoid origin on the lateral clavicle was measured from the acromioclavicular joint to the most medial attachment of the deltoid on the clavicle. Percentage of clavicle with deltoid origin was subsequently calculated.

Results:
The average length of the cadaveric clavicles was 164.4 mm with a range from 134.3 to 178.1 mm. The average amount of deltoid origin on the clavicle was 58.7 mm with a range from 43.4 to 69 mm. On average 35.5% of the clavicle had deltoid origin, with a range from 30.2% to 38.8%.

Conclusion:
On average, 35.5% of the clavicular osseous anatomy contains deltoid origin. This should be taken into consideration when performing anterior plating for clavicle fractures. With a significant portion of deltoid origin elevated, surgeons may consider altering postoperative protocols until some interval healing has occurred to this anterior head of the deltoid.
An outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 among residents of a senior housing apartment building in Massachusetts
Authors: Selser Victoria M. , Saunders Lauren E. , Hoover Catherine M. , Seung Kwonjune J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIndependent senior housing is a high risk setting for COVID-19 and should be prioritized for outbreak investigation and response. During a COVID-19 outbreak in Massachusetts from December 2021 to January 2022, 47% of residents in a 31-unit independent senior housing apartment building in Massachusetts were infected. Residents that had received a booster dose of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine had a lower attack rate than those who had received two doses. Comprehensive response campaigns that include education, testing, treatment referrals, and vaccination can be effective at reducing morbidity and mortality and preventing future outbreaks.
Knowledge, attitudes, practices and epidemiological profile of Muslim faithful receiving Covid-19 vaccines in Yaounde,Cameroon
Authors: Amani Adidja , Atembeh-Noura Efietngab , Fabrice Zobel Cheuyem Lekeumo , Souaibou Moussa , Kamgno Joseph , Cecile Bissek Anne 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTIn the response strategy against the Covid-19 pandemic, Cameroon has used to date, two types of vaccine namely: Sinopharm, Covishield/AstraZeneca. The objective of this study is to determine the KAP and the epidemiological profile of Muslim faithful receiving the Covid-19 vaccine at Mosque Biyem-Assi, Yaounde-Cameroon. Data on COVID-19, vaccination, and clinical characteristics were collected. A total of 58 participants took part in the first survey and equally received their first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine of their choice. The majority of the participants were females (n =32, 55.2%), 37.9% were 50 years and over and 43.1% had a university degree. Overall score was 78.41% for knowledge, 92.8% for perceptions and 48.3% for practices. Despite the availability and gratuity only half of the Participants reported to have carried out their COVID-19 test ever since the pandemic started. Out of 40 (69.0) participants who have heard stories concerning the vaccines, 39.7% suggested that they COVID-19 vaccines can protect us from the disease. Also, out of the 58 participants who received their first dose of the anti-COVID-19 vaccine, 36 of them came for their second shot amounting for a 62% complete vaccination rate. Headache, pain and heaviness of the injected arm were the most frequently reported side effects following participants first shot. The mobile based strategy could be the best solution to increase vaccine uptake in Cameroon.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Effect of Self-Assembling Peptide P11-4 on Initial Caries Lesions
Authors: Keeper Jeremy Horst , Skaret Laura J , Thakkar-Samtani Madhuli , Heaton Lisa J. , Sutherland Courtney , Vela Kathryn , Amaechi Bennett T. , Jablonski-Momeni Anahita , Young Douglas A , MacLean Jeanette , Weyant Robert J , Zandona Andrea Ferreira , Zero Domenick , Sohn Woosung , Pitts Nigel , Frantsve-Hawley Julie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundDental caries remains a global problem that causes disproportionate suffering in underserved populations. Simple interventions are needed to improve patient experience, clinical and cost-effectiveness, and access to care. The self-assembling peptide P11-4 is a recently developed, non-invasive treatment that regenerates enamel in initial caries lesions.Studies reviewedWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of the P11-4 products Curodont™ Repair (CR) and Curodont™ Repair Fluoride Plus (CRFP) on initial caries lesions. Primary outcomes were lesion progression after 24 months, caries arrest, and cavitation. Secondary outcomes were changes in merged International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) score, Quantitative Light Fluorescence, esthetic appearance, and lesion size.ResultsSix clinical trials comparing CR to controls met the inclusion criteria. Results of this review represent two primary and two secondary outcomes. When compared to parallel groups, CR improved caries arrest (RR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.32 to 2.50; 45% attributable risk; 95% CI: 24 to 60%) and decreased lesion size by 32% (Hedge’s g: -0.59; CI: -1.03 to -0.15). We observed positive trends for avoiding cavitation (RR: 0.32; CI: 0.10 to 1.06) and lowering merged ICDAS score (RR: 3.68; CI: 0.42 to 32.3). No studies used CRFP or reported adverse esthetic changes.Practical implicationsCR has a treatment effect on caries arrest and decreased lesion size. Two trials contributing to the caries arrest result had non-masked assessors, and all trials had elevated risks of bias. We recommend conducting longer trials. CR is a promising treatment for initial caries lesions.
CCR4-NOT subunit CCF-1/CNOT7 interacts with the PAL-1/CDX-1 transcription factor to regulate multiple stress responses in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Tabarraei Hadi , Waddell Brandon M. , Raymond Kelly , Murray Sydney M. , Wang Ying , Choe Keith P. , Wu Cheng-Wei 
Published: June 2022

SUMMARYCCR4-NOT is a versatile eukaryotic protein complex that controls multiple steps in gene expression regulation from synthesis to decay. In yeast, CCR4-NOT has been implicated in stress response regulation, though this function in other organisms remains unclear. In a genome-wide RNAi screen, we identified a subunit of the CCR4-NOT complex, ccf-1, as a requirement for the C. elegans transcriptional response to cadmium and acrylamide stress. Using whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing, we show that knockdown of ccf-1 attenuates the activation of a broad range of stress protective genes in response to cadmium and acrylamide, including those encoding heat shock proteins and glutathione s-transferases. Consistently, survival assays show that knockdown of ccf-1 decreases C. elegans stress resistance. A yeast-2-hybrid screen using a CCF-1 bait identified the homeobox transcription factor PAL-1 as a physical interactor. Knockdown of pal-1 inhibits the activation of ccf-1 dependent stress genes and reduces C. elegans stress resistance. Gene expression analysis reveals that knockdown of pal-1 down-regulates the mRNA levels of elt-2 and elt-3, which serves as the master transcriptional co-regulators of stress response in the C. elegans intestinal and epidermal tissues respectively. These results reveal a new role for CCR4-NOT in stress response regulation with PAL-1 through the transcriptional control of elt-2 and elt-3 in C. elegans.
Socioeconomic status, lifestyle, and hypertension prevalence of the older adults in China
Authors: Li Jun , Wei Meng , Han Xiao , Wang Hongman 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsTo examine the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and hypertension prevalence among the older adults in China.MethodWe used the panel data of the three rounds (2006, 2009, and 2011) of the China Nutrition and Health Survey to examine the relationship adjusted for lifestyle factors by multi-level logistic regression.ResultsIncome and urbanicity levels are associated with hypertension in men. Men with low and middle income and living in low and middle urbanicity areas are more likely to have hypertension. Income and education are associated with hypertension in women. Women with low or middle income are more likely to have hypertension; women with lower education levels are less likely to have hypertension; women who never attended school are nearly as prone to get the disease as those who had high school or above education.ConclusionIncome, and community urbanicity level are reversely correlated with hypertension prevalence among older Chinese men and women; hypertension prevalence rates of older Chinese women vary by education levels without a gradient.
Creating value for patients through service encounter experiences: evidence from Turkey
Authors: Akin Mahmut Selami , Okumuş Abdullah 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThe study aims to guide private healthcare organizations to create value for patients through service encounters (SE) based on the value-in-use notion. It also intends to reveal whether SE experiences differ from reputation levels of hospitals.Design/methodology/approachResearch embraces mixed methods for building theoretical construction and sampling, seven hospital managers and two private hospitals were interviewed and selected via analytical hierarchical process. A number of 1,023 valid data were obtained from patients through survey. Structural equation modeling, PROCESS macro and multigroup analysis were used to test for research model.FindingsCall center experience among pre-core SE affected patient satisfaction positively and behavioral intention indirectly; however, online and social experiences did not. As core SE, physician and nursing interaction, trust, accessibility and perceived sufficient waiting positively influenced patient satisfaction and behavioral intention, though physical evidence and supportive staff interaction did not. In the post-core stage, patient satisfaction positively impacts behavioral intention. Additionally, those effects were equivalent for high and low reputations.Originality/valueStudy uniquely attempts to shift the paradigm from value-in-exchange to value-in-use in private healthcare context by embracing SE approach. Research differs from others by revealing the remarkable role of intangible assets instead of tangibles on holistic patient experience, essential for creating and managing value for patients.