bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of keratometry versions in patients with corneal astigmatism
Authors: Kulikov A. N. , Danilenko E. V. , Kozhevnikov E. Yu. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose: to compare the corneal power at main meridians, the magnitude and the axis of corneal astigmatism and the reproducibility of measurements taken three times with different types of biometers.Material and methods. 22 subjects (24 eyes) with regular corneal astigmatism 1.89–8.02 D were given three biometry tests using IOL Master 500, Lenstar LS 900, IOL Master 700, Pentacam and Galilei G6.Results. The data were divided into groups depending on the principle of mathematical modeling of the corneal surface: group I involved the material processed by IOL Master 500, Lenstar LS 900, IOL Master 700; group II contained maps of the anterior corneal surface; and group III, those of the posterior surface. In group I, Lenstar showed the highest values of keratometry. In group II, the values of K1 , Kave in the 6 mm area were lower than in the pupil diameter area and than any values of K in the 4 mm area; the lowest values of K in this area were obtained on the Pentacam SimK. In group III, in the pupil diameter area (4.0–4.5 mm), all K values obtained with diverse equipment were different whilst in the 6 mm area the values differed only in the flat meridian. Astigmatism within groups I, III showed no difference while in group II the SimK data were different. The astigmatism axes obtained on IOLMaster 500 differed from the respective data provided by other devices. The devices of group I, 6 mm area, were the most stable.Conclusions. The highest values of keratometry are obtained when only the anterior surface of the cornea is taken into account, the lowest values are characteristic of the posterior surface. The stability of the parameter registered grew with the increase of the measured zone diameters. The biometers of group 1 showed the highest values of astigmatism with the maximum repeatability of the measurements
Modern technologies of refractive lenticular extraction in the correction of myopia
Authors: Mushkova I. A. , Kostenev S. V. , Maychuk N. V. , Obraztsova M. R. , Nosirov P. O. , Malyshev I. S. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose. To analyze the clinical and functional results of refractive lenticular extraction using ReLEx SMILE® and CLEAR® technologies in patients with moderate and high myopia.Materials and methods. 160 patients (160 eyes) aged 18 to 36 years diagnosed with moderate or high myopia, who had binocular vision, average keratometry parameters (43.0–45.0 D), and no contraindications to laser vision correction were operated according to the technology of refractive extraction of lenticula followed up 1 and 3 months after surgery. The patients were divided into 2 groups: (1) SMILE, which included 80 eyes of patients operated with the femtosecond laser VisuMax 500; and (2) CLEAR, including 80 eyes of patients operated using the femtosecond laser FEMTO LDV Z8. Both types of surgery were performed according to standard protocols.Results. No intraoperative complications were recorded. The analysis of clinical and functional parameters in the correction of myopia using the technology of refractive lenticular extraction performed with VisuMax and LDV Z8 femtosecond lasers demonstrated high and comparable efficiency, safety, predictability and stability.Conclusion. Both technologies of refractive lenticular extraction can be recommended for wide clinical use in the correction of moderate and high myopia.
KEPASTIAN HUKUM PENGHAPUSAN OBJEK JAMINAN FIDUSIA SECARA ELEKTRONIK
Authors: PARIS ALFITRA DIVA 
Published: June 2022

Tujuan pendaftaran fidusia secara onlline adalah untuk memberikan hak mendahului (preferen) kepada kreditur terhadap pihak lain. Setiap pendaftaran jaminan fidusia harus diakhiri dengan penghapusan jaminan fidusia.Penghapusan sertifikat sangat penting untuk mengembalikan hak debitur sepenuhnya terhadap objek jaminan dan bisa mengajukanfidusia ulang objek jaminannya. Penghapusan sertifikat jika tidak diajukan oleh penerima fidusia, maka menimbulkan persoalan dan tidak memberikan kepastian hukum buat pemberi fiduasia. Akibat hukum tidak dihapusnya sertifikat atas objek jaminan dari daftar tentang Tata Cara Pendaftaran Jaminan Fidusia dan Biaya Pembuatan Akta Jaminan Fidusia, jaminan fidusia yang bersangkutan tidak dapat didaftarkan kembali, ini kerugian buat pemberi fiduasia.UUJF dan peraturan pelaksana lainya tidak menjelaskan sanksi kepada penerima fidusia, kuasa atau wakilnya jika tidak memenuhi kewajiban memberitahu penghapusan jaminan fidusia tersebut. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis dengan jenis penelitian normatif. Pendekatan yang digunakan untuk menganalisa permasalahan dalam penelitian ini meliputi pendekatan undang- undang (statute approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach).

Kata Kunci: Jaminan Fidusia, Fidusia Elektronik, Penghapusan Fidusia.
Keabsahan Force Majeure Dalam Perjanjian Di Masa Era Pandemi Covid -19
Authors: Lina Habibah Irma 
Published: June 2022

Perjanjian merupakan suatu kegiatan penyangga segala kegiatan bisnis, hal ini tidak bisa dipungkiri bahwa segala kegiatan manusia selalu berhubungan dengan kerjasama dan interaksi dengan manusia lainnya, sehingga perjanjian menjadi sangat penting perkembangannya serta menjadi tolak ukur dalam melakukan kegiatan perekonomin. Pada umunya ketentuan atau pengaturan mengenai force majeure atau keadaan memaksa ada di dalam suatu perikatan atau perjanjian. Pengaturan mengenai force majeure terdapat di dalam Pasal 1244 KUHPerdata dan Pasal 1245 KUHPerdata, Pengaturan atas force majeure ini ada karena untuk melindungi debitur manakala dalam menjalankan kewajibannya kepada kreditur terjadi suatu kejadian yang berada di luar kuasa pihak yang bersangkutan. Keadaan memaksa atau force majeure dapat berupa gempa bumi, kebakaran, banjir, tanah longsor, perang, kudeta militer, embargo, epidemik, dan lain sebagainya. Di masa pandemi Covid-19 yang sedang melanda diseluruh dunia, tidak terkecuali di Indonesia berdampak bagi pelaku usaha atau kontrak bisnis. Penulisan ini membahas tentang keabsahan alasan force majeure di masa era Covid-19 yang menjadi berdebatan dikalangan pelaku usaha . Covid-19 dapat dijadikan alasan adanya force majeure untuk tidak terlaksananya suatu prestasi, namun apabila dalam perjanjian ditentukan lain bahwa pandemi tidak termasuk dalam keadaan kahar maka, pelaksanaan prestasi harus dilaksanakan meskipun sulit, dan juga harus tetap memperhatikan kebijakan yang berlaku.
Pelaksanaan Perjanjian Kredit Dengan Jaminan Fidusia Pada PT. Pegadaian (persero) Kantor Wilayah I Medan
Authors: Johannes M Simanjuntak Alexander 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The high demand of public for installment plans with fiduciary security has changed PT. Pegadaian (Persero), a state-owned enterprise which business was initially about auction launches a financing product i.e. KREASI (Installment Plans with Fiduciary System). However, in practice, the implementation of this product is different form Law No. 42/1999 on Fiduciary Security. This is the background of this research. This research is conducted to discover how the agreement of Installment Plans with Fiduciary System is implemented and executed in PT. Pegadaian (Persero) Regional Office 1 Medan and why it is implemented differently from what is regulated in Law on Fiduciary Security.This is a normative juridical research which uses secondary data consisting of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. This research is descriptive analytical. The instrument used to collect the data consist of library research and field research at the PT. Pegadaian (Persero), Regional Office 1 Medan.The research result demonstrate that fiduciary security in its execution is not registered in consensus way in which defaulted debtors are given an opportunity to sell their collateral by themselves (motorcycles or cars) and if they are not willing to have consensus, they can take legal way through a court. The implementation of Regulations of Directors of PT. Pegadaian Number 67/DIR.I/2016 dated September, 2016 on Technical Guidance to online KREASI contradicts the provisions stipulated in Law No. 42/1999 on Fiduciary Security because it differently implements Article 5 paragraph (1) and Article 11 paragraph (1), in which some installment plans which is implemented by using underhanded letter and by not registering it do not provide any legal certainty in its execution in case of debtors’ default (Article 15 and 29) and may harm state finance. It is suggested that regulation of Directors of PT. Pegadaian on Installment Plans with Fiduciary System be revised and fully adjusted to the Law No. 42/1999 on Fiduciary System and that small installment plans be implemented by using auction security.

Keywords: Credit Agreement, Fiduciary Security
Tanggung Jawab Pemegang Protokol Notaris Terhadap Akta Yang Batal Demi Hukum
Authors: Oktavia Dewi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study aims to, 1) find out and analyze the form of responsibility of the recipient of the Notary protocol to the deed declared null and void by law. 2) Legal protection for Notary protocol holders against deeds that are null and void by law. The formulation of the study's masalash are, 1) What is the form of the recipient of the Notary protocol's answer to the deed that was declared null and void. 2) Legal protection for Notary protocol holders against deeds that are null and void by law. This research is a normative legal research, which is conducted by examining legal materials, such as research on legal principles, as well as positive law in Indonesia. This study uses 3 (three) methods of approach in legal research, namely conceptual suppressors, legislative approaches and case approaches. The results of this study are the Notary who has accepted the protocol is responsible for maintaining the notary protocol that is transferred to him. and also authorized to issue Grosse Deed, Copy of Deed, or Deed Quotation, regarding the material on the deed made beforehand not the responsibility of Notary recipient of the protocol. Legal protection for the recipient of the protocol does not provide legal protection because in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 30 of 2004 concerning the Position of Notary Public has not been regulated.

Keywords: Responsibility, Notary Protocol, Deed.
Pertanggungjawaban Jabatan Notaris Setelah Berakhir Masa Jabatan Terhadap Akta Yang Dibuatnya
Authors: Alnila Sinaga Ruth , Raffles Raffles , Suryahartati Dwi 
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze and criticize the arrangement of the Notary's responsibility after his term of office ends and the legal consequences of the Notary's liability after the end of his term of office. This research is a normative legal research and uses a conceptual approach and a statutory approach. The results of the research are that the responsibility of the Notary's position on the deed made by or before him is until the Notary dies because the authentic deed made by the Notary has perfect evidentiary power where the Notary knows for sure the legal actions outlined in the deed are desired and agreed upon by the parties. The legal consequences for a Notary if a legal problem arises criminally, namely if it is indicated in Article 263 of the Criminal Code to falsify a letter, criminal sanctions can be given, if there is a civil error, namely a formal error which results in the deed being an underhand deed and causing a loss, it can be requested for compensation. the loss to the deed is because it should be an authentic deed that has legal force as perfect evidence in the trial, instead it becomes an underhand deed.

Abstrak:
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan mengkritisi tentang Tanggung jawab Notaris terhadap akta yang dibuat oleh atau dihadapannya. Notaris sebagai pejabat umum memiliki tanggung jawab pada Pasal 65 UUJN, Tanggung jawab Notaris terhadap Protokolnya, termasuk akta yang dibuatnya adalah bersifat personal, yang mengetahui secara pasti perbuatan hukum yang dituangkan dalam aktanya yang dikehendaki dan disepakati oleh para pihak. Sedangkan Notaris penyimpan Protokol hanya mempunyai tanggung jawab untuk menyimpan dan memelihara akta yang disimpanya, hal ini berbeda dengan pasal 65 UUJN mengenai Notaris bertanggungjawab atas setiap akta yang dibuatnya meskipun Protokol Notaris telah diserahkan dan dipindahkan kepada pihak penyimpan Protokol Notaris. Oleh karena itu werda notaris masih dapat dimintai pertanggungjawabannya atas setiap akta yang dibuatnya pada waktu menjabat menjadi notaris. Kedua mengenai Akibat dan perlindungan hukum terhadap Notaris yang telah berakhir masa jabatannya apabila permasalahan hukum yang muncul secara pidana maka dapat diberi sanksi pidana, apabila ada kesalahan perdata yaitu terhadap kesalahan pada akta tidak memenuhi Pasal 38 UUJN maka mengakibatkan akta tersebut menjadi akta dibawah tangan dan menimbulkan kerugian yang dapat di mintai ganti kerugian. Perlindungan hukum terhadap Notaris yang berakhir masa jabatannya tidak dilindungi pada UUJN, bahwa UUJN melindungi notaris yang masih aktif berdasarkan Majelis Kehormatan Notaris yang bersifat independen, jika tidak aktif atau sudah berakhir masa jabtannya, maka Notaris yang tidak aktif tersebut hanya dilindungi secara moral oleh Organisasi INI saja, hal ini dilakukan secara represif.
Polemik Penerapan Tanda Tangan Elektronik Dalam Pembuatan Akta Otentik
Authors: Anshori Iqbal , Rahmi Elita , Syamsir Syamsir 
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze about electronic signatures application in manufacture of authentic deeds reviewed from Indonesia legislation perspective and the validity of authentic deed that signed electronically. The legal issue that will be examined in this paper is existance of law conflict between Article 15 paragraph (3) Law Number 2 of 2014 concerning amendment to Law Number 30 of 2004 concerning Notary Position with Article 5 Juncto Article 6 Juncto Article 11 of Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning amendment to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning electronic information and electronic regarding the use of electronic signatures in authentic deeds. The type of research in this research is normative juridical law research. The approach used in this research is the law approach, phylosophical law approach, and conceptual approach. The results of this research show if there is no explicit explanation about notary authority to make deeds electronically. That makes electronic deeds including electronic signatures on it based on the concept of cyber notary didn’t have perfect evidentiary power. The application of electronic signatures is very closely related to electronic deeds. However, the deeds manufacture must be conducted in front of authorized official. Thus, the deeds were manufacture and signed electronically are not considered authentic deeds but privately made deed.
Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis mengenai penerapan tanda tangan elektronik dalam pembuatan akta otentik dri perspektif peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia dan keabsahan akta otentik yang ditanda tangani secara elektronik. Isu hukum yang akan diteliti dalam penelitian ini adalah adanya konflik hukum antara Pasal 15 ayat (3) Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 tentang perubahan Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2004 tentang Jabatan Notaris dengan Pasal 5 Juncto Pasal 6 Juncto Pasal 11 Undang-Undang 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik mengenai penggunaan tanda tangan elektronik dalam akta otentik. Tipe penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Pendekatan Undang-Undang (Statute Approach), Pendekatan Filosofis (philosophical approach), Pendekatan Konseptual (Conseptual Approach). Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa tidak ada penjelasan secara tegas tentang kewenangan notaris membuat akta secara elektronik. Hal itu mengakibatkan akta elektronik termasuk tanda tangan elektronik didalamnya berdasarkan konsep cyber notary tidak memiliki kekuatan pembuktian yang sempurna. Penerapan tanda tangan elektronik sangat erat hubungannya dengan akta elektronik. Akan tetapi pembuatan akta harus dilakukan dihadapan pejabat yang berwenang. Sehingga, akta yang dibuat dan ditandatangani secara elektronik tidak dianggap sebagai akta otentik melainkan akta dibawah tangan.
Tanggung Jawab Pelaku Usaha terhadap Konsumen atas Iklan yang Menyesatkan Ditinjau dari Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen
Authors: Ikhsani Dio Viragus , Amir Diana 
Published: June 2022

This study aims to find out and analyze how the responsibility of business actors to consumers for misleading advertisements according to the Consumer Protection Act is made and to analyze the forms of legal protection for consumers against misleading advertisements. The type of research used is normative juridical. The results of this study indicate that, 1) The Consumer Protection Act does not explain the responsibilities of advertising business actors so that they experience obstacles in determining the amount of responsibility of each party. The form of responsibility is absolute responsibility, meaning that even though it is not his fault he is still responsible for the losses that arise as a result of his actions. The proof system is in accordance with Article 22 of the Consumer Protection Law 2) In order to guarantee legal certainty in obtaining order, security and legal justice that is firm and clear, the form of legal protection for consumers is to provide accountability to business actors, namely civil legal liability, criminal and state administration. This includes the task of fostering and supervising advertising activities.

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis bagaimana pengaturan tanggung jawab pelaku usaha terhadap konsumen atas iklan yang menyesatkan menurut Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen serta menganalisis bagaimana bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen terhadap iklan yang menyesatkan. Tipe penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, 1) Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen tidak menjelaskan tanggung jawab para pelaku usaha periklanan sehingga mengalami hambatan dalam menentukan besaran tanggung jawab masing-masing pihak. Bentuk tanggung jawabnya yakni tanggung jawab mutlak artinya meskipun bukan kesalahannya tetap bertanggung jawab atas kerugian yang timbul akibat perbuatannya. Sistem pembuktiannya sesuai dengan Pasal 22 Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen 2) Demi mendapat jaminan kepastian hukum dalam memperoleh ketertiban, keamanan dan keadilan hukum yang tegas dan jelas, maka bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen adalah dengan memberikan pertanggungjawaban terhadap para pelaku usaha yakni pertanggungjawaban hukum secara perdata, pidana dan administrasi negara. Termasuk juga tugas pembinaan dan pengawasan terhadap kegiatan periklanan.
Perlindungan Hukum Kerahasian Data Pribadi Konsumen Pengguna Produk Provider Telekomunikasi di Indonesia
Authors: Salsabila Risa , Hosen M. , Manik Herlina 
Published: June 2022

The development of Information Technology provides extraordinary benefits for life in making it easier to carry out daily activities, on the other hand Technological Advances also provide its own concerns where every time we want to use technology we will always be bound by providing personal data as a condition for using the technology, but data The personal data holder is not properly guarded by the holder of the personal data, based on the above problems, the writer draws the formulation of the problem as follows, First, How is the legal protection of personal data in Indonesia?, Second, What is the legal protection against leakage of Consumer Personal Data? This writing uses the normative juridical method due to the ambiguity of norms due to unclear arrangements governing civil lawsuits that can be taken by victims whose personal data is misused by unscrupulous telecommunication providers, so that the results obtained are two main points, namely regarding the regulation of personal data protection which is currently regulated in Permenkominfo No. . 20 of 2016 concerning Personal Data Protection, as well as regarding the responsibility of business actors for personal data leakage, is that business actors must be ready to accept civil lawsuits submitted by consumers, and business behavior must comply with compensation in accordance with the Consumer Protection Act.

ABSTRAK
Perkembangan Teknologi Informasi memberikan manfaat yang luar biasa bagi kehidupan dalam mempermudah melakukan aktifitas sehari-hari, disisi lain Kemajuan Teknologi juga memberikan kekhawatiran tersendiri yang mana setiap ingin menggunakan teknologi kita akan selalu terikat dengan memberikan data pribadi sebagai syarat untuk menggunakan teknologi tersebut, akan tetapi data pribadi tersebut tidak dijaga dengan baik oleh pemegang data pribadi, berdasarkan permasalahan diatas, maka penulis menarik rumusan masalah sebagai berikut, Pertama, Bagaimana perlindungan hukum data pribadi di Indonesia?, Kedua, Bagaimana perlindungan hukum terhadap kebocoran Data Pribadi Konsumen? Penulisan ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dikarenakan terjadinya kekaburan norma dikarenakan ketidakjelasan pengaturan yang mengatur gugatan perdata yang dapat ditempuh oleh korban yang data pribadinya disalahgunakan oleh oknum provider telekomunikasi, sehingga diperoleh hasil terdapat dua point utama yaitu mengenai pengaturan perlindungan data pribadi saat ini diatur dalam Permenkominfo No. 20 Tahun 2016 tenteng Perlindungan data Pribadi, serta mengenai tanggung jawab pelaku usaha terhadap kebocoran data pribadi adalah pelaku usaha harus siap menerima gugatan perdata yang diajukan konsumen, dan perlaku usaha harus taat dengan melakukan ganti rugi sesuai dengan undang-undang Perlindungan Konsumen.