bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Five decades of misunderstanding in the socialHymenoptera: a review and meta‐analysis ofMichener's paradox
Authors: Jeanne Robert L. , Loope Kevin J. , Bouwma Andrew M. , Nordheim Erik V. , Smith Michael L. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTIn a much‐cited 1964 paper entitled “Reproductive efficiency in relation to colony size in hymenopterous societies,” Charles Michener investigated the correlation between a colony's size and its reproductive efficiency – the ability of its adult females to produce reproductives, measured asper‐capitaoutput. Based on his analysis of published data from destructively sampled colonies in 18 species, he reported that in most of these species efficiency decreased with increasing colony size. His conclusion that efficiency is higher in smaller groups has since gained widespread acceptance. But it created a seeming paradox: how can natural selection maintain social behaviour when a female apparently enjoys her highestper‐capitaoutput by working alone? Here we treat Michener's pattern as a hypothesis and perform the first large‐scale test of its prediction across the eusocial Hymenoptera. Because data on actual output of reproductives were not available for most species, Michener used various proxies, such as nest size, numbers of brood, or amounts of stored food. We show that for each of Michener's data sets the reported decline inper‐capitaproductivity can be explained by factors other than decreasing efficiency, calling into question his conclusion that declining efficiency is the cause of the pattern. The most prominent cause of bias is the failure of the proxy to capture all forms of output in which the colony invests during the course of its ontogeny. Other biasing factors include seasonal effects and a variety of methodological flaws in the data sets he used. We then summarize the results of 215 data sets drawn from post‐1964 studies of 80 species in 33 genera that better control for these factors. Of these, 163 data sets are included in two meta‐analyses that statistically synthesize the available data on the relationship between colony size and efficiency, accounting for variable sample sizes and non‐independence among the data sets. The overall effect, and those for most taxonomic subgroups, indicates no loss of efficiency with increasing colony size. Two exceptional taxa, the halictid bees and independent‐founding paper wasps, show negative trends consistent with the Michener hypothesis in some species. We conclude that in most species, particularly those with large colony sizes, the hypothesis of decreasing efficiency with increasing colony size is not supported. Finally, we explore potential mechanisms through which the level of efficiency can decrease, be maintained, or even increase, as colonies increase in size.
Differences in complete denture longevity and replacement in public and private dental services: A propensity score‐matched analysis of subsidised dentures in adult Australians across 20 years
Authors: Taylor Marietta , Masood Mohd , Mnatzaganian George 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the differences in treatment outcomes for patients who received subsidized complete dentures in private dental clinics and in public dental clinics over 20 years in Victoria, Australia.MethodsBetween 2000 and 2019, 187 227 complete dentures were provided to eligible public patients by the Victorian public dental system. Of these, approximately 52% were provided to public patients in private clinics through the voucher system. Of the 97 107 participants who received denture care in private clinics, 70 818 were matched 1:1 by propensity score (PS) quantiles with participants who received denture care in public clinics. The PS matching balanced the characteristics between these two groups. Subsequently, a conditional logistic regression model investigated the binary outcome of denture replacement whilst a conditional Poisson regression modelled the number of years to denture replacement. A frailty Cox regression after PS matching investigated denture survival over time.ResultsDentures provided in public clinics had a mean time to replacement of 5.5 years (SD: 34.0) and 25.9% were replaced during the observation period. In the first year of denture service, incidence rate per person year (IR) for complete denture replacement in public clinics was 0.04 (95% CI: 0.04–0.04). Dentures provided in private clinics had a mean time to replacement of 6.5 years (SD: 3.8) with 29.4% replaced during the observation period. In the first year of denture service, the IR for complete denture replacement in private clinics was 0.02 (95% CI: 0.02–0.02), which was less than half that of the public IR. Multivariate analyses found that although private dentures were more likely to be replaced during the observation period than those provided in the public sector (odds ratio [OR]: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.28–1.35, p < .001), they had greater longevity (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.23–1.24, p < .001). Longer longevity of private dentures was also supported by the frailty Cox regression showing that private dentures had a reduced hazard of denture replacement over time (better survival) in comparison to public dentures (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.92–0.97, p < .001). Probabilistic sensitivity analysis supported the study findings.ConclusionsIncreased denture longevity, higher rates of denture replacement and lower rates of early denture replacement were associated with receiving denture care in private clinics as compared with dentures provided in the public sector.
Trade‐offs between economic development and biodiversity conservation on a tropical island
Authors: Pagani‐Núñez Emilio , Xu Yang , Yan Mingxiao , He Jiekun , Jiang Zifei , Jiang Haisheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractResolving trade‐offs between economic development and biodiversity conservation needs is crucial in currently developing countries and in particularly sensitive systems harboring high biodiversity. Yet, such a task is challenging because human activities have complex effects on biodiversity. We assessed the effects of intense economic development on Hainan Island (southern China) on different components of biodiversity. This highly biodiverse tropical island has undergone extensive economic development and conversion of forest to agriculture and urban area. We identified 3 main transformation areas (low, medium, and high transformation) based on land‐use, local‐climate, and economic changes across 145 grids (10 × 10 km), and estimated changes in avian biodive6rsity from 1998 to 2013. We recorded ongoing taxonomic biotic homogenization throughout the island. Differences between traditional and directional alpha diversity decreased by 5%. Phylogenetically clustering increased by 0.5 points (W = 7928, p < 0.01), and functional overdispersion increased by 1 point (W = 16,411, p < 0.01). Initial taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional scores correlated negatively with changes in these scores across all transformation areas (all ps < 0.01). At the local scale, economic and environmental indicators showed complex and divergent effects across transformation areas and biodiversity components. These effects were only partially ameliorated in an ecological function conservation area in the mountainous central part of the island. We found complex effects of economic development on different biodiversity dimensions in different areas with different land uses and protection regimes and between local and regional spatial scales. Profound ecosystem damage associated with economic development was partially averted, probably due to enhanced biodiversity conservation policies and law enforcement, but not without regional‐scale biotic homogenization and local‐scale biodiversity loss.
Effects of aquaculture on the maintenance of waterbird populations
Authors: Cheng Chuyu , Liu Jiajia , Ma Zhijun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe global aquaculture industry has expanded rapidly and is increasingly important for maintaining food security and providing habitat for many waterbirds. Clarifying how waterbirds use aquafarms and how aquafarm use affects waterbird population maintenance can help improve management of the aquafarm landscape such that it can provide habitat for waterbirds. We investigated aquafarm use by waterbirds in China, the world's largest producer of aquaculture products. We used data from the literature on and expert knowledge (questionnaire survey) of waterbird use of aquafarms in China and Bayesian phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models to analyze the relationship between the degree of aquafarm use and population trends of waterbirds. Sixty‐nine percent of waterbird species in China have been recorded at aquafarms. Approximately one quarter of all waterbird species and about the same proportion of threatened species were found to forage at aquafarms, consuming either cultured aquatic products or other food stuffs. In general, species with a high degree of aquafarm use were unlikely to exhibit a population decline over the past 2 decades, when rapid loss of natural habitat occurred in China. This relationship was not detected in threatened species, despite there being no significant difference in the degree of aquafarm use between threatened and nonthreatened species. Our results suggest that the large and expanding aquaculture industry is important for maintaining waterbird populations in China. However, aquafarms are not a replacement for natural habitats because threatened species benefited less from aquafarm use. Given that aquafarms often negatively affect natural wetlands, the degree to which aquafarms compensate for natural habitat loss probably depends on the quality of aquafarm habitat and the habitat requirements of waterbirds. We recommend an integrated ecological and economic analysis to formulate management policies that help conserve wildlife within the constraints and opportunities associated with maintaining human livelihoods.
Mapping the corporate governance scholarship: Current state and future directions
Authors: Pandey Nitesh , Andres Christian , Kumar Satish 
Published: March 2022

AbstractResearch Question/IssuesWe conduct a comprehensive analysis of all scholarly publications in the field of corporate governance (CG) since the Enron scandal of 2001. Using bibliometric methods, we identify prominent themes that have served as the foundation of CG research, prominent topics in the field along with their temporal developments, and recent trends in CG research. In addition, we identify the authors and journals that have had the biggest impact in the field.Research Findings/InsightsWe document that the number of annual publications in CG has increased by a factor of eight since the early 2000s, with research articles being published in a wide variety of general interest journals, as well as in outlets specialized in the field of CG. We identify six research themes as the foundation of CG research: the theoretical foundations of CG, ownership, CG mechanisms and firm outcomes, disclosures, the board of directors, and family firms. We further find 19 major bibliographic keyword clusters that have been explored by researchers in the past 20 years. Research on corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainability, governance mechanisms, control mechanisms and disclosures, board diversity, CG in family firms, and CG in the Chinese context are the most dynamic areas of research in recent years.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsWe systematically analyze the literature on CG and outline theoretical foundations, structuring academic contributions by keyword clusters. Links between keyword clusters as well as the most dynamic research areas are identified. The analysis provides guidance for researchers regarding suitable outlets for the different thematic clusters and helps as a basis to identify research opportunities.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsWe document growing research interest in the field of CSR and sustainability. The growing body of literature in these areas can inform CG and CSR policies in the future. Our comprehensive bibliographic analysis provides an overview of CG research themes across research disciplines and streams of the literature.
Nevus, melanoma, or something else? Mesenchymal neoplasms with melanocytic differentiation
Authors: Evangelou Zoi , Linos Konstantinos 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe overwhelming majority of cutaneous neoplasms with melanocytic differentiation are nevi, melanomas, or less commonly melanocytomas. Nevertheless, there is also a group of mesenchymal neoplasms with genuine melanocytic differentiation which can create diagnostic difficulties with significant repercussions. These can rarely present as primary or metastatic cutaneous lesions. The ones that are relevant to a dermatopathologist include malignant melanotic nerve sheath tumor, perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasm, and clear cell sarcoma. This work will provide a thorough review of clinical presentation, morphologic and immunohistochemical features as well as molecular pathogenesis of these tumors. We hope to familiarize the general dermatopathology readership with a group of neoplasms of mesenchymal lineage exhibiting melanocytic differentiation and ultimately avoid diagnostic misadventures.
Outcomes of long‐term von Willebrand factor prophylaxis use in von Willebrand disease: A systematic literature review
Authors: El Alayli Abdallah , Brignardello Petersen Romina , Husainat Nedaa M. , Kalot Mohamad A. , Aljabiri Yazan , Turkmani Hani , Britt Alec , El‐Khechen Hussein , Shahid Shaneela , Roller John , Motaghi Shahrzad , Mansour Razan , Tosetto Alberto , Abdul‐Kadir Rezan , Laffan Michael , Weyand Angela , Leebeek Frank W.G. , Arapshian Alice , Kouides Peter , James Paula , Connell Nathan T. , Flood Veronica H. , Mustafa Reem A. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundVon Willebrand Disease (VWD) is a common inherited bleeding disorder. Patients with VWD suffering from severe bleeding may benefit from the use of secondary long‐term prophylaxis.AimSystematically summarize the evidence on the clinical outcomes of secondary long‐term prophylaxis in patients with VWD and severe recurrent bleedings.MethodsWe searched Medline and EMBASE through October 2019 for relevant randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and comparative observational studies (OS) assessing the effects of secondary long‐term prophylaxis in patients with VWD. We used Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB) tool and the RoB for Non‐Randomized Studies of interventions (ROBINS‐I) tool to assess the quality of the included studies. We conducted random‐effects meta‐analyses and assessed the certainty of the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.ResultsWe included 12 studies. Evidence from one placebo controlled RCT suggested that VWD prophylaxis as compared to no prophylaxis reduced the rate of bleeding episodes (Rate ratio [RR], .24; 95% confidence interval [CI], .17–.35; low certainty evidence), and of epistaxis (RR, .38; 95%CI, .21–.67; moderate certainty evidence), and may increase serious adverse events RR 2.73 (95%CI .12–59.57; low certainty). Evidence from four before‐and‐after studies in which researchers reported comparative data suggested that VWD prophylaxis reduced the rate of bleeding (RR .34; 95%CI, .25–.46; very low certainty evidence).ConclusionVWD prophylaxis treatment seems to reduce the risk of spontaneous bleeding, epistaxis, and hospitalizations. More RCTs should be conducted to increase the certainty in these benefits.
Major revision version 11.0 of the European AIDS Clinical Society Guidelines 2021
Authors: Ryom Lene , De Miguel Rosa , Cotter Aoife Grace , Podlekareva Daria , Beguelin Charles , Waalewijn Hylke , Arribas Josè R , Mallon Patrick W. G. , Marzolini Catia , Kirk Ole , Bamford Alasdair , Rauch Andri , Molina Jean Michel , Kowalska Justyna Dominika , Guaraldi Giovanni , Winston Alan , Boesecke Christoph , Cinque Paola , Welch Steven , Collins Simon , Behrens Georg M. N. ,   the EACS Governing Board
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS) Guidelines were revised in 2021 for the 17th time with updates on all aspects of HIV care.Key points of the Guidelines updateVersion 11.0 of the Guidelines recommend six first‐line treatment options for antiretroviral treatment (ART)‐naïve adults: tenofovir‐based backbone plus an unboosted integrase inhibitor or plus doravirine; abacavir/lamivudine plus dolutegravir; or dual therapy with lamivudine or emtricitabine plus dolutegravir. Recommendations on preferred and alternative first‐line combinations from birth to adolescence were included in the new paediatric section made with Penta. Long‐acting cabotegravir plus rilpivirine was included as a switch option and, along with fostemsavir, was added to all drug–drug interaction (DDI) tables. Four new DDI tables for anti‐tuberculosis drugs, anxiolytics, hormone replacement therapy and COVID‐19 therapies were introduced, as well as guidance on screening and management of anxiety disorders, transgender health, sexual health for women and menopause. The sections on frailty, obesity and cancer were expanded, and recommendations for the management of people with diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk were revised extensively. Treatment of recently acquired hepatitis C is recommended with ongoing risk behaviour to reduce transmission. Bulevirtide was included as a treatment option for the hepatitis Delta virus. Drug‐resistant tuberculosis guidance was adjusted in accordance with the 2020 World Health Organization recommendations. Finally, there is new guidance on COVID‐19 management with a focus on continuance of HIV care.ConclusionsIn 2021, the EACS Guidelines were updated extensively and broadened to include new sections. The recommendations are available as a free app, in interactive web format and as an online pdf.
Present status and future directions – irrigants and irrigation methods
Authors: Boutsioukis Christos , Arias‐Moliz Maria Teresa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIrrigation is considered the primary means of cleaning and disinfection of the root canal system. The purpose of this review was to set the framework for the obstacles that irrigation needs to overcome, to critically appraise currently used irrigants and irrigation methods, to highlight knowledge gaps and methodological limitations in the available studies and to provide directions for future developments. Organization of bacteria in biofilms located in anatomic intricacies of the root canal system and the difficulty to eliminate them is the main challenge for irrigants. Sodium hypochlorite remains the primary irrigant of choice, but it needs to be supplemented by a chelator. Delivery of the irrigants using a syringe and needle and activation by an ultrasonic file are the most popular irrigation methods. There is no evidence that any adjunct irrigation method, including ultrasonic activation, can improve the long‐term outcome of root canal treatment beyond what can be achieved by instrumentation and syringe irrigation. It is necessary to redefine the research priorities in this field and investigate in greater depth the penetration of the irrigants, their effect on the biofilm and the long‐term treatment outcome. New studies must also focus on clinically relevant comparisons, avoid methodological flaws and have sufficiently large sample sizes to reach reliable conclusions. Future multidisciplinary efforts combining the knowledge from basic sciences such as Chemistry, Microbiology and Fluid Dynamics may lead to more effective antimicrobials and improved activation methods to bring them closer to the residual biofilm in the root canal system.
Distilled grape pomace as a functional ingredient in vegan muffins: effect on physicochemical, nutritional, rheological and sensory aspects
Authors: Bianchi Federico , Cervini Mariasole , Giuberti Gianluca , Rocchetti Gabriele , Lucini Luigi , Simonato Barbara 
Published: March 2022

SummaryWheat‐based vegan muffins were formulated with increasing levels (0, 5 and 10 g per 100 g substitutes to flour) of dried grape pomace powder obtained after distillation (DGPP). The DGPP‐muffins showed a greater (P < 0.05) total dietary fibre and a lower (P < 0.05) total starch content to the control. The inclusion of DGPP influenced (P < 0.05) both the batter's rheological properties and the baked muffins' technological characteristics, including the baking loss, the volume, the firmness, the spread ratio and the colour. The in vitro antioxidant activity and the phenolic content increased (P < 0.05) following DGPP inclusion. The untargeted phenolic profiling by UHPLC‐HRMS revealed an (P < 0.05) increase of several phenolic classes (i.e. free and bound fractions) following the inclusion of DGPP in the recipe. Flavonoids, mainly anthocyanins, were the most abundant compounds. A quantitative descriptive sensory analysis detected the DGPP‐vegan muffins showed good sensory acceptability. The vegan muffin with 5 g per 100 g of DGPP obtained the highest overall acceptability score by the panellists.
Processing properties of yogurt as affected by the EPS produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides XR1
Authors: Wang Liang , Gu Yachun , Lv Zili 
Published: March 2022

SummaryThe aim of this study was to examine the fermentation characteristics of a novel Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain (XR1) and to investigate the effect of XR1 exopolysaccharides (EPS) on the microstructure, texture and rheological properties of yoghurt. The novel Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain (XR1) was isolated from wild kefir grains obtained from Xinjiang Province. The results showed that XR1 had good EPS production capacity and favourable fermentation performance. The addition of XR1 EPS to fermented milk effectively improved the water‐holding capacity (WHC) of the fermented milk and changed its microstructure. In subsequent fermentation studies, the XR1 strain was found to be a compatible strain, and the steric barrier formed between XR1 EPS and the fermented milk proteins enhanced its viscoelastic properties. Rheology studies indicated that fermented milk supplemented with EPS possessed a higher modulus (G’, G’’ ) and complex viscosity. Thus, these results indicate that XR1 EPS are useful as a natural organic additive that can replace chemical additives in dairy products.
Restrictions on citizens’ exits reconsidered: Taiwan, young democracy under threat
Authors: Fan Hsiu‐Yu (Tori) 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article explores how Taiwan strictly regulated its citizens’ exits and re‐entries during the martial law years and why this young democracy still closely monitors citizens’ departure at exit ports and tracks their time of absence from the country. Contextualizing the various uses of border controls and the construction of membership in its authoritarian years, this article associates Taiwan's international status, Beijing's aggression and the problematic nature of membership in Taiwan with the continued exit controls on citizens. With an extensive documentary review and interviews with immigration officers, this article explores why a successfully transformed East Asian democracy continues to control the movements of its citizens.