bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gingival crevicular fluid from pregnant women impairs trophoblast cell function and trophoblast‐neutrophil interaction
Authors: Hauk Vanesa , D'Eramo Luciana , Calo Guillermina , Merech Fátima , Doga Luciana , Lara Brenda , Gliosca Laura , Massone Carla , Molgatini Susana , Ramhorst Rosanna , Squassi Aldo , Pérez Leirós Claudia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractProblemA strong association between periodontitis and higher susceptibility to pregnancy complications like preeclampsia has been reported although the mechanisms remain elusive. Trophoblast cells modulate the recruitment and functional shaping of maternal leukocytes at early stages to sustain an antiinflammatory microenvironment and fetal growth. Neutrophil activation with reactive oxygen species (ROS) release is associated with preeclampsia. Our aim was to study the effect of the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from pregnant women on trophoblast cell function and trophoblast‐neutrophil interaction.Method of studyPregnant women at 16–20 weeks of gestation (n = 27) and non‐pregnant women (n = 8) as the control group were studied for gingivoperiodontal clinical score evaluation and GCF collection. Total bacteria and common periodontal pathogens were analyzed in GCF samples. The effect of each GCF sample was tested on first trimester trophoblast‐derived cells to assess cell migration, cytokine expression and glucose uptake. Also, the effect of GCF on human peripheral neutrophil chemoattraction by trophoblast cells and ROS formation was assessed.ResultsGingival crevicular fluid from pregnant women reduced trophoblast cell migration, increased proinflammatory marker expression and glucose uptake. A significant correlation between gingivoperiodontal score and trophoblast dysfunction was observed. Upon conditioning of trophoblast cells with GCF, only the GCF from pregnant women stimulated neutrophil chemoattraction. Similarly, GCF from pregnant but not from non‐pregnant controls stimulated ROS formation in neutrophils.ConclusionsGingival crevicular fluid from pregnant women is deleterious for first trimester trophoblast cell function. These effects could lead to placental homeostasis disruption underlying a pathogenic mechanism of pregnancy complications associated to periodontal disease.
Remaining, Vital Acts, and Possibility: The Exercise of “Sustaining Oneself” in a Residential Care Center for the Elderly in Lima, Peru
Authors: Zegarra Chiappori Magdalena 
Published: May 2022

SummaryIn Peru, many older adults are reaching old age in conditions of extreme vulnerability. As a result, it is becoming more common in cities like Lima to find cases of elderly people who are institutionalized due to family abandonment or lack of material resources. Centered on the concept of “remaining,” this article explores how seniors from a residential center in the Peruvian capital manage to develop strategies to cope with the present—strategies I have called “vital acts”—in order to find a possibility to live otherwise when they are left with no choice but to dwell in a precarious setting. I argue that, when faced with the difficulties of an institutionalized life, these men and women choose to “remain” as they look for creative ways to endure in the world beyond the fact of its often limiting nature. My article, thus, offers an innovative understanding of how people encounter and address adversity in life that is broader than the commonly‐known concept of resilience.
The importance of CYP2C19 genotype in tacrolimus dose optimization when concomitant with voriconazole in heart transplant recipients
Authors: Huang Xiao , Zhou Ying , Zhang Jing , Xiang Hongping , Mei Hao , Liu Li , Tong Lu , Zeng Fang , Huang Yifei , Zhou Hong , Zhang Yu 
Published: May 2022

AimsVoriconazole remains the mainstay for the treatment of invasive fungal infections in heart transplant patients and can significantly increase tacrolimus exposure because of drug‐drug interaction (DDI). However, the magnitude of this DDI is highly variable and difficult to predict. The purpose of this study was to present the characteristics of the DDI between tacrolimus and voriconazole, and further identify the various predictors of tacrolimus dose modification.MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled 69 heart transplant recipients who did not use voriconazole as the control and 68 patients received voriconazole treatment in voriconazole group. CYP3A4*1G, CYP3A5*3 and CYP2C19*2 or *3 were thereafter genotyped by Sanger sequencing. The dose of tacrolimus required to achieve the therapeutic concentrations and tacrolimus dose‐corrected trough concentration (C0/D) before and after VRC administration was evaluated.ResultsThe DDI between tacrolimus and voriconazole displayed a large interindividual variability with more than 10‐fold changes in tacrolimus dose (range 1.28‐13.00) and C0/D (range 1.43‐13.75). In addition, the fold changes for the tacrolimus dose were associated with CYP2C19 genotype, which was found to be significantly lower in CYP2C19 extensive metabolizers than in CYP2C19 intermediate metabolizers or poor metabolizers (4.06 ± 1.85 vs 5.49 ± 2.47, P = .0031). However, no significant difference was found in both CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 genotypes. Moreover, CYP2C19 genotype and hematocrit acted as independent predicting factors for tacrolimus dose modification after voriconazole co‐therapy.ConclusionsThe findings of this study have identified the various important factors to adjust tacrolimus dosage when co‐administrated with voriconazole in individual patients. CYP2C19 genotype and haematocrit should be considered when tailoring tacrolimus dose.
Review: Impact of urgent youth outpatient mental health care on patient and health system outcomes – a scoping review
Authors: Xie Mary , Wodzinski Michael , Gajaria Amy , Battaglia Marco , Rotem Amit 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundYoung people often face barriers to psychiatric care and are increasingly seeking crisis services for mental health issues through the emergency department (ED). Urgent psychiatric care models provide youth in crisis with rapid access to time‐limited mental health care on an outpatient basis. This scoping review aims to evaluate the impact of such urgent psychiatric services for youth aged 13–25 on patient and health system outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a literature search on PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for studies published from inception to November 20, 2020. We included studies that described outpatient psychiatric services designed for youth aged 13 to 25, took place in a clinical setting, and offered any combination of assessment, treatment, and referral. We excluded studies describing suicide intervention programmes.ResultsOur search yielded six studies, four of which were descriptive studies and two of which were randomized controlled trials. Most studies found that access to urgent psychiatric care for youth was associated with reduced ED volumes, fewer health system costs, and fewer hospitalizations. None of the studies presented evidence that urgent psychiatric services are associated with improved patient symptomatology or functioning.ConclusionsThe results of this scoping review highlight the scarcity of robust evidence evaluating the effectiveness of urgent care for youth mental health. Further experimental studies and a set of standardized quality measures for evaluating these services are needed to bridge this critical gap in mental health care for youth in crisis.
Autogenous dentin block versus bone block for horizontal alveolar ridge augmentation and staged implant placement: A randomized controlled clinical trial including histologic assessment
Authors: Elraee Leila , Abdel Gaber Hala Kamal , Elsayed Hakem H. , Adel‐Khattab Doaa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to compare the dentin block (D‐group) harvested from impacted wisdom teeth with autogenous ramus bone block (A‐group) for horizontal alveolar ridge augmentation.Materials and methodsForty‐two patients with anterior missing teeth and horizontal ridge defect were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 21 per group) to receive either dentin block group or autogenous bone block. Six months after the augmentation, dental implants were placed in all patients, and a core biopsy was performed for histological evaluation in addition to clinical and radiographic evaluation using cone beam computed tomography. The primary outcome was the mean overall clinical ridge width gain (CRWG) after 6 months of augmentation. Secondary outcomes were the overall radiographic ridge width gain (RRWG) after 6 months of augmentation and descriptive histological analysis with histomorphometric assessment of bone fraction %.ResultsAll sites healed uneventfully, and the mean overall CRWG 6 months after augmentation was 3.52 ± 0.56 mm and 2.24 ± 0.86 mm in the D and A groups, respectively, with statistically significant difference between them (P ≤ .001). The overall mean RRWG was 3.61 ± 0.61 mm and 3.41 ± 1.15 mm in D and A groups, respectively, without any statistically significant difference between them (p = .062). The histomorphometric analysis of the bone area fraction was 42.6% and 41.3% in D and A groups, respectively, without any statistically significant difference between the two values (p = .89, Student's t‐test). Histological evaluation in the D‐group revealed new bone formation, viable cells, and matrix formation on the dentin block periphery, in addition to well‐organized woven bone that suggests dentin block remodeling and supports new bone deposition.ConclusionThe present clinical study revealed that dentin block may serve as an alternative graft to support horizontal alveolar ridge augmentation. Dentin blocks showed less resorption than autogenous bone blocks.
Challenges of and opportunities for protecting European soil biodiversity
Authors: Zeiss Romy , Eisenhauer Nico , Orgiazzi Alberto , Rillig Matthias , Buscot François , Jones Arwyn , Lehmann Anika , Reitz Thomas , Smith Linnea , Guerra Carlos A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSoil biodiversity and related ecosystem functions are neglected in most biodiversity assessments and nature conservation actions. We examined how society, and particularly policy makers, have addressed these factors worldwide with a focus on Europe and explored the role of soils in nature conservation in Germany as an example. We reviewed past and current global and European policies, compared soil ecosystem functioning in‐ and outside protected areas, and examined the role of soils in nature conservation management via text analyses. Protection and conservation of soil biodiversity and soil ecosystem functioning have been insufficient. Soil‐related policies are unenforceable and lack soil biodiversity conservation goals, focusing instead on other environmental objectives. We found no evidence of positive effects of current nature conservation measures in multiple soil ecosystem functions in Europe. In German conservation management, soils are considered only from a limited perspective (e.g., as physicochemical part of the environment and as habitat for aboveground organisms). By exploring policy, evidence, and management as it relates to soil ecosystems, we suggest an integrative perspective to move nature conservation toward targeting soil ecosystems directly (e.g., by setting baselines, monitoring soil threats, and establishing a soil indicator system).
The drivers of wild meat consumption in rural Cameroon: Insights for wild meat alternative project design
Authors: Brittain Stephanie , Kamogne Tagne Cedric Thibaut , Roe Dilys , Booker Francesca , Mouamfon Mama , Maddison Neil , Ngomna Tsabong Soreya Djibrila , Mfone Nteroupe Salihou , Milner‐Gulland E. J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractProjects providing alternative foods to wild meat in rural areas are commonplace across West and Central Africa to try and curb unsustainable hunting, regarded as a major concern for conservation and local food security. However, there lacks locally specific research on the preferences and drivers of wild meat consumption in rural areas—essential information for guiding such interventions. We carry out semi‐structured interviews with 542 people in four rural villages around the Dja Faunal Reserve in Cameroon, to understand the importance of wild meat, explore people's food choices, identify the drivers of wild meat consumption, and explore variation in the drivers and barriers to eating wild meat and its alternatives. We found that wild meat is preferred to meat from domestic livestock or wild caught fish. Many of the most commonly preferred wild meat species (porcupine and blue duiker) are relatively abundant, with the exception of pangolin which is globally endangered but which people reportedly prefer because of its good taste. Good taste, perceived health benefits, and easy accessibility are the key drivers of consumption, while taboos, an off‐putting appearance, and health concerns play a strong role in species avoidance, particularly for great apes and large ungulates. Village‐level differences in the drivers of consumption were observed, possibly influenced by their proximity to the reserve, to markets, participation in alternatives projects, and to law enforcement. That people in rural Cameroon care about health and taste in their choices, rather than simply availability or cost, challenges the assumptions that underpin many alternative meat projects. Our findings provide an understanding of consumer drivers to help to guide wild meat alternative interventions in rural areas. We urge wild meat alternatives designers to account for the heterogeneity of preferences and drivers within communities, to help ensure that projects reach both their conservation and social objectives.
COVID‐19: The Political Economy of a Global Pandemic
Authors: Sathyamala C. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTIt is two years since a microbe, SARS‐CoV‐2, a ‘novel’ coronavirus, travelled through the world to wreak havoc on the lives of humans across the globe. Although the total number of global COVID‐19 deaths, currently estimated at 6 million, comes nowhere near the 50 million deaths of the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918‒19 to which it has been compared, the impact of COVID‐19 and the measures to control it have been far more devastating to humans and economies. This virtual issue gleans insights from selected papers in previous issues of Development and Change to contribute to the ongoing debate on the COVID‐19 pandemic by touching upon its political economy aspects. The articles put together in this virtual issue try to demonstrate that pandemics are not a ‘fact of life’. They are very much rooted in the processes of capital accumulation and the ensuing destruction of the global ecosystems that makes zoonoses a recurring imminent threat. In the context of a hyper‐connected globalized world, regional and global pandemics could well become the norm. Meanwhile, neoliberal reforms and restructuring have left the health sector unable to handle the public health crisis caused by COVID‐19. At the same time, with the waiving and dilution of well‐established norms of regulation for testing and marketing of vaccines and drugs, the pandemic has created opportunities for accumulation in the healthcare technology industry, specifically the pharmaceutical sector. It is hoped that this virtual issue will contribute to the ongoing debate on the emergence of ‘novel’ diseases and pandemics by shifting the current focus from the disease agent (the virus) and broadening the concern to include the larger social determinants which are rooted in the global political economy.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mediate how plant herbivory history influences herbivore performance
Authors: Locke Hannah , Crawford Kerri M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Herbivore performance is influenced by plant host quality and chemical defences, both of which are influenced by belowground symbionts of plants and herbivory history. The previous herbivory may suppress or facilitate subsequent herbivore performance through changes in plant chemistry and tissue quality. Likewise, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi) can alter both plant quality and plant responses to aboveground herbivory, as mycorrhizal‐mediated alterations of the nutritional budget may alter leaf nutritional quality, chemical profiles, and available leaf surface area.
Despite evidence that both herbivory history and AM fungi can independently affect herbivore performance, few studies directly test both at the same time. Here, the role of AM fungi and herbivory history on the performance of a pest insect (Spodoptera frugiperda) on a common forb (Solidago altissima) grown with different AM fungal additions (no AM fungi, single species, multispecies) was directly tested.
Evidence that the effect of herbivory history on herbivore performance depended on the AM fungal environment of the plant was found. Specifically, the composition of the AM fungal additions altered the directionality of herbivore performance on plants with and without prior herbivory. Without added AM fungi, herbivores demonstrated a classically suppressed growth rate on grazed plants. With a single species AM fungi added, herbivores performed the same on host plants, regardless of herbivory history. With diverse AM fungi added, herbivore growth increased on grazed plants. Mycorrhizal‐mediated changes in plant chemical profiles did not explain herbivore performance. These results emphasise the need for direct tests of mycorrhizal diversity on plant‐insect interactions.
A multi‐hit hypothesis for an APOE4‐dependent pathophysiological state
Authors: Steele Oliver George , Stuart Alexander Cameron , Minkley Lucy , Shaw Kira , Bonnar Orla , Anderle Silvia , Penn Andrew Charles , Rusted Jennifer , Serpell Louise , Hall Catherine , King Sarah 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe APOE gene encoding the Apolipoprotein E protein is the single most significant genetic risk factor for late‐onset Alzheimer's disease. The APOE4 genotype confers a significantly increased risk relative to the other two common genotypes APOE3 and APOE2. Intriguingly, APOE4 has been associated with neuropathological and cognitive deficits in the absence of Alzheimer's disease‐related amyloid or tau pathology. Here, we review the extensive literature surrounding the impact of APOE genotype on central nervous system dysfunction, focussing on preclinical model systems and comparison of APOE3 and APOE4, given the low global prevalence of APOE2. A multi‐hit hypothesis is proposed to explain how APOE4 shifts cerebral physiology towards pathophysiology through interconnected hits. These hits include the following: neurodegeneration, neurovascular dysfunction, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, endosomal trafficking impairments, lipid and cellular metabolism disruption, impaired calcium homeostasis and altered transcriptional regulation. The hits, individually and in combination, leave the APOE4 brain in a vulnerable state where further cumulative insults will exacerbate degeneration and lead to cognitive deficits in the absence of Alzheimer's disease pathology and also a state in which such pathology may more easily take hold. We conclude that current evidence supports an APOE4 multi‐hit hypothesis, which contributes to an APOE4 pathophysiological state. We highlight key areas where further study is required to elucidate the complex interplay between these individual mechanisms and downstream consequences, helping to frame the current landscape of existing APOE‐centric literature.
Rapid screening for neglect following stroke: A systematic search and European Academy of Neurology recommendations
Authors: Moore Margaret , Milosevich Elise , Beisteiner Roland , Bowen Audrey , Checketts Matthew , Demeyere Nele , Fordell Helena , Godefroy Olivier , Laczó Jan , Rich Timothy , Williams Lindy , Woodward‐Nutt Kate , Husain Masud 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeUnilateral neglect is a common cognitive disorder following stroke. Neglect has a significant impact on functional outcomes, so it is important to detect. However, there is no consensus on which are the best screening tests to administer to detect neglect in time‐limited clinical environments.MethodsMembers of the European Academy of Neurology Scientific Panel on Higher Cortical Functions, neuropsychologists, occupational therapists, and researchers produced recommendations for primary and secondary tests for bedside neglect testing based on a rigorous literature review, data extraction, online consensus meeting, and subsequent iterations.ResultsA total of 512 articles were screened, and 42 were included. These reported data from 3367 stroke survivors assessed using 62 neglect screens. Tests were grouped into cancellation, line bisection, copying, reading/writing, and behavioral. Cancellation tasks were most frequently used (97.6% of studies), followed by bisection, copying, behavioral, and reading/writing assessments. The panel recommended a cancellation test as the primary screening test if there is time to administer only one test. One of several cancellation tests might be used, depending on availability. If time permits, one or more of line bisection, figure copying, and baking tray task were recommended as secondary tests. Finally, if a functional and ecological test is feasible, the Catherine Bergego Scale was recommended. Overall, the literature suggests that no single test on its own is sufficient to exclude a diagnosis of neglect. Therefore, the panel recommended that multiple neglect tests should be used whenever possible.ConclusionsThis study provides consensus recommendations for rapid bedside detection of neglect in real‐world, clinical environments.
INZ‐701, a recombinant ENPP1 enzyme, prevents ectopic calcification in an Abcc6−/− mouse model of pseudoxanthoma elasticum
Authors: Jacobs Ida Joely , Cheng Zhiliang , Ralph Douglas , O'Brien Kevin , Flaman Lisa , Howe Jennifer , Thompson David , Uitto Jouni , Li Qiaoli , Sabbagh Yves 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), a heritable multisystem ectopic calcification disorder, is predominantly caused by inactivating mutations in ABCC6. The encoded protein, ABCC6, is a hepatic efflux transporter and a key regulator of extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi). Recent studies demonstrated that deficiency of plasma PPi, a potent endogenous calcification inhibitor, is the underlying cause of PXE. This study examined whether restoring plasma PPi levels by INZ‐701, a recombinant human ENPP1 protein, the principal PPi‐generating enzyme, prevents ectopic calcification in an Abcc6−/− mouse model of PXE. Abcc6−/− mice, at 6 weeks of age, the time of earliest stages of ectopic calcification, were injected subcutaneously with INZ‐701 at 2 or 10 mg/kg for 2 or 8 weeks. INZ‐701 at both doses increased steady‐state plasma ENPP1 activity and PPi levels. In the 8‐week treatment study, histopathologic examination and quantification of the calcium content in INZ‐701‐treated Abcc6−/− mice revealed significantly reduced calcification in the muzzle skin containing vibrissae, a biomarker of the calcification process in these mice. The extent of calcification corresponds to the local expression of two calcification inhibitors, osteopontin and fetuin‐A. These results suggest that INZ‐701 might provide a therapeutic approach for PXE, a disease with high unmet needs and no approved treatment.