bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Droplet size and surface hydrophobicity enhance bacterial plasmid transfer rates in microscopic surface wetness
Authors: Orevi Tomer , Sørensen Søren J , Kashtan Nadav 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Conjugal plasmids constitute a major engine for horizontal gene transfer in bacteria, and are key drivers of the spread of antibiotic resistance, virulence, and metabolic functions. Bacteria in terrestrial habitats often inhabit surfaces that are not constantly water-saturated, where microscopic surface wetness (MSW), comprised of thin liquid films and microdroplets, permanently or intermittently occurs. How physical properties of microdroplets, and of the surfaces they reside on, affect plasmid transfer rates is not well understood. Here, building on microscopy-based microdroplet experiments, we examined the relation between droplet properties (size and spread) and plasmid transfer rates at single-cell and individual droplet resolution, using Pseudomonas putida as a model species. We show that transfer rates increase with droplet size, due to higher densities of cells on the surface in larger droplets, resulting from lower ratio between the area of the liquid-solid interface and droplet volumes. We further show that surface hydrophobicity promotes transfer rates via the same mechanism. Our results provide new insights into how physical properties of surfaces and MSW affect plasmid transfer rates, and more generally, microbial interactions mediated by cell-to-cell contact, with important implications for our understanding of the ecology and evolution of bacteria in unsaturated environments.
Can non-invasive methods replace radiocollar-based winter counts in a 50-year wolf study? Lessons learned from a three-winter trial
Authors: Barber-Meyer Shannon Michelle 
Published: August 2022

Context Monitoring low-density, elusive predators such as grey wolves (Canis lupus) has often been undertaken via live-capture and radio-collaring. Recent advances in non-invasive methods suggest live-captures may not be necessary for adequate monitoring. Further, non-invasive methods are considered best practice when possible. Aims I evaluated whether a suite of non-invasive methods could replace aerial radiotelemetry to census resident pack wolves. Methods I employed aerial snow-tracking, ground snow-tracking, camera-trapping, non-invasive genetic surveys, and community-scientist reports during three winters (2019–2021) in north-eastern Minnesota, USA to census pack wolves in a 2060 km2 area. I attempted to enumerate individual pack sizes as has been historically undertaken to compile the census. Traditional aerial radiotelemetry methods were also conducted for comparison. Key results Ground snow-tracking and camera-trapping provided the most similar information to radiotelemetry for determining pack counts and territory information, and, in some cases, documented higher pack counts than those obtained by aerial radiotelemetry. Radiotelemetry was the best method for determining pack territories, but was limited to radioed packs. A staggered application of both approaches resulted in increased precision and additional pack-level information without greatly increasing overall field effort. Non-invasive methods allowed trapping for radio-collaring to be reduced to every other year (a 50% reduction), but depending on trapping success, survival of animals, and radio-collar battery life, might even be reduced to every third year. Conclusions In this 3-year trial, non-invasive methods were not sufficient to completely replace radio-collaring. Nevertheless, non-invasive methods allowed for a 50% reduction in trapping, increased the annual wolf-count precision, and increased community involvement. Anticipated technological improvements in non-invasive methods should reduce some issues encountered – but others will likely persist, in part, because of the fundamental nature of non-invasive methods. Implications Less reliance on captures, enhanced pack information, and increased public involvement are all successful outcomes of this 3-year trial of non-invasive methods for monitoring wolf populations. Non-invasive methods continue to broaden and improve technologically, and information from trials such as this will help guide others as they increasingly implement non-invasive methods as partial or complete replacements for traditional capture-based methods.
Fictive motion in the wild
Authors: Matlock Teenie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fictive motion is a form of figurative language that describes the shape and arrangement of objects
in physical space. Examples are The highway goes along the coast, A trail follows the creek for two
miles, and Boulders run along the edge of the property. Such statements typically
feature a motion verb, such as go, run, or follow, and a subject
noun phrase that refers to a linear object or a set of objects in a linear sequence. Despite the objectively
stationary disposition of the scene being described, a fleeting sense of motion is implied. To date, much research on
fictive motion has focused on its semantic profile or how it is comprehended, but little attention has been given to
how fictive motion is used in natural discourse. This chapter provides some background on fictive motion and offers
some new insights on its use in real world spatial descriptions, in particular, in the descriptions of paths in hiking
guides. This work expands existing research on figurative language use, especially how fictive motion is motivated by
and grounded in embodied cognition, why it is used in travel guides, and its potential utility to navigation.
Metaphor and elaboration in context
Authors: Thibodeau Paul H. , Flusberg Stephen J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this chapter, we situate recent studies of metaphor comprehension and metaphor framing under
broader theories of discourse processing, drawing out the connections between classic work on narratives, schemas, and
elaboration and contemporary research on metaphor. Our analysis emphasizes that language is used to solve coordination
problems in a social-pragmatic context. That is, listeners actively use language in combination with other sources of
information (prior knowledge, gesture, and so on) to construct mental models in working memory that they can use to
make decisions and act in a dynamic social world. Just as reading a sentence like “John went to a restaurant” calls to
mind general knowledge about restaurants – which helps the listener build a richer “online” representation of the
event than is communicated in the linguistic input alone – so too does reading about a “crime epidemic” call to mind
salient schematic knowledge associated with the source domain (VIRUS), which helps the listener build a richer
representation of the target domain (CRIME) that can drive decision-making.
How to talk about motion without verbs
Authors: Mandler Jean M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Infants are fascinated by motion. There is abundant evidence that they are far more interested in
motion than in static objects. This would lead us to expect that, in addition to nouns, motion verbs would figure
prominently in their early vocabularies. But verbs are late, because they are complex and harder to learn than the
names of objects. So infants find other ways to refer to motion. For example, they use prepositions such as
up and down to refer to things moving up and down, and social terms such as
hi and bye to coming in and going out. Infants talk about motion very early –
just not with verbs. This article is dedicated to the memory of Ray Gibbs.
On the role of indirect translation in the history of news production
Authors: Valdeón Roberto A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article aims to problematize the role of translation in news production as a result of the invisibility of indirect translation (ITr). In the first section, I argue that in journalistic translation ITr is not merely ‘hidden translation’ but rather ‘ignored translation’ as a consequence of the traditional status of the translational activity in journalism and because researchers can hardly find traces of ITr in news production, such as the name of sources, attributions, or paratexts. I then move on to discuss the importance of the various forms of translation in the emergence of journalism in the early modern period. Human conflicts and movement meant that news texts were recycled across Europe, often via ITr. News writers used various sources from different languages and adapted the texts taking into account political and cultural considerations. This establishes a link with contemporary journalism, as news articles are characterized by their multi-authored nature. In addition, translations can be embedded and are often circular rather than linear. In the concluding discussion, I suggest that journalistic translation research, including research into ITr, can benefit not only from interdisciplinary approaches, but also from incorporating historical aspects.
Unitarity in multi-Higgs production using the Schwinger–Dyson equation
Authors: Curko A , Cynolter G 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In spontaneously broken scalar theories, perturbative and semi-classical calculations show that multi-particle production grows rapidly with the number of scalar particles at sufficiently high energies. According to recent computations, for λn ≫ 1, where n is the multiplicity and λ is the self-coupling, the amplitude grows exponentially with the energy, resulting in a divergent propagator and predicting the violation of perturbative unitarity. In this paper, in the scalar theory the self-consistent Schwinger–Dyson equation is solved in the spectral representation and the transition rate is calculated. We find an amplitude growing quadratically with the energy which leads to an asymptotically decreasing propagator.
The upper bound of low cycle fatigue life of pseudoelastic polycrystalline NiTi shape memory alloys
Authors: Zhang Yahui , Chai Xinliang , Ju Xiaofei , Zhu Jihong , Moumni Ziad , Zhang Weihong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The coupling between transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) and low cycle fatigue of pseudoelastic shape memory alloys (SMAs) is investigated and an upper bound of low cycle fatigue life is found. Through combined in-situ infrared and digital image correlation observations on NiTi sheets, we reveal that the low cycle fatigue of SMAs is governed by the transformation band fronts with the highest temperature where TRIP is maximized. The local state at the band front is in fact determined by a coupling effect of the applied loads and thermal conditions, the former driving the transformation with heat release while the latter determining the heat transfer efficiency. This coupling leads the fatigue lives to distribute along a series of isotherms. As the coupling tends to be infinitesimal, local TRIP is limited to a minimum level, thus resulting in an upper bound of low cycle fatigue life. This agrees well with the experiments.
Quasi-two-body

decays in the perturbative QCD approach*
Authors: Zhang Zhi-Qing , Zhao Yan-Chao , Guan Zhi-Lin , Sun Zhi-Jie , Zhang Zi-Yu , He Ke-Yi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this study, we investigate quasi-two-body

decays in the perturbative QCD approach. Two-meson distribution amplitudes are introduced to describe the final state interactions of the

pair, which involve time-like form factors and Gegenbauer polynomials. We calculate the CP averaged branching ratios of the

decays. Our results are in agreement with newly updated data measured by Belle II. This suggests that it is more appropriate to analyze these quasi-two-body B decays in the three-body framework than the two-body framework. We also predict direct CP asymmetries for the considered decay modes and find that

is small and less than

% in magnitude, whereas

is larger and can reach a few percent. Our predictions can be tested in future B meson experiments.
Decadal validation of the LASP TRF cryogenic radiometer by NIST, and establishment of a replacement room temperature standard*
Authors: White M G , Heuerman K , Shaw P S , Stephens M S , Tomlin N A , Yung C , Lehman J H , Rice J , Rutkowski J , Straatsma C , Pilewskie P , Richard E , Harber D 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We present the results of a recent, extensive measurement campaign validating the traceability of the solar irradiance record and Earth radiation budget data. The campaign also established future traceability, thus ensuring confidence in the continuing climate-data record. The total solar irradiance radiometer facility (TRF) at the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP) Boulder, uses a liquid helium cooled cryogenic radiometer as the reference standard for the validation of spaceflight total solar irradiance (TSI) instrumentation. In 2008 the radiometer was directly compared to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Primary Optical Watt Radiometer (POWR) at a wavelength of 532.12 nm. At TSI power levels, a correction factor of 1.000 306 with an associated standard uncertainty (u) of 0.000 098, was reported for the TRF radiometer scale when using external voltage measurement electronics, and not correcting for cavity heating non-equivalence or cavity absorptance. The TRF radiometer has recently been revalidated at LASP using a POWR calibrated silicon photodiode trap transfer standard named TT4. We report a correction factor of 0.999 787, u = 0.000 285 to align the TRF radiometer scale with the current NIST POWR scale. A new room temperature reference standard radiometer was established. It measured 133 parts per million (ppm) higher than POWR using the same silicon transfer standard as above, and in a separate direct measurement, 168 ppm lower than the TRF radiometer shuttered at 400 s full shutter cycle. The difference agrees within stated uncertainties. A correction of 0.999 867, u = 0.000 247 will align the new radiometer scale with the NIST radiant power scale of POWR.
Effect of height constraints on unidirectional pedestrian flow
Authors: Chen Juan , Shi Dongdong , Ma Jian , Chen Jun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In case of fire evacuation, pedestrians would have to utmost minimize their exposure to smoke and meanwhile escape as fast as possible. Under these circumstances, the smoke layer forms a height constraint for the pedestrians. Understanding pedestrian movement features, especially in response to the discrepancy smoke layer heights, is vital to the evacuation safety evaluation. In the present paper, a series of unidirectional pedestrian movement experiments under controlled laboratory conditions were performed by setting five different height constraints (H = 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6 and 2.0 m). The trajectories of each pedestrian in all scenarios have been extracted from video recordings of the experiments. With these data, typical pedestrian behaviors including lane formation and overtaking have been identified and discussed. Time-space characteristics were also detailed to explore the effect of height constraint. As indicated by the distribution of the nth-nearest neighbor, the available heights only have a slight influence on the collision avoidance feature. However, the height constraints do affect the speed and specific flow with increasing pedestrian density. For a height constraint of H = 1.2 m, the pedestrian speed presented a clear drop when compared with the height constraint of H = 1.4 m. What is more, in the density range of this study, the maximum flow is not observed for height constraints of H = 1.4, 1.6 and 2.0 m, however, the flow reaches its maximum value of 0.58 and 0.78 for constraint heights H = 1.0 and 1.2 m, respectively. These findings provide not only fundamental data of pedestrian movement with height constraints, but also new insights into the complex pedestrian movement features in an emergency.
Natural Radionuclide characterization on Baltim-El Burullus coastal sediments and their risk assessments
Authors: Sallam A M , Faheim A A , El-Elshafiey Z A , Amamer Shimaa , El Feky MG 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Egyptian black sand occurs especially along the beaches of northern part of the Nile Delta. Baltim-El Burullus coastal sediments lie between Longitudes 30° 10′ and 34° 15′E, and Latitudes 31° 10′and 31° 35′N. Sixty two samples from Baltim-El Burullus coastal plain were measured radio metrically by using Na-I detector for determination of 238U, 232Th, 226Ra eU and 40K concentrations. 238U concentration ranged from 1 to 5 ppm with 1.63 as an average, 232Th from 1 to 10 ppm with average 3.66 ppm, 226Ra (eU) from 1 to 6 with 1.92 as an average and 40K from 0.10 to 2.55 with average (0.76). The studied stream sediments could be intimated to different sources, leading to variability in contribution of the radioelements, thus the activity concentration of 40K > 232Th > 226Ra> 238U. eU / Ra eU ratios average (0.66), is lower than unity indicate the disequilibrium in the studied coastal sediments, suggesting disequilibrium with uranium migration out. The inter-element relations show the presence of U and Th in discrete minerals or their separate migration. The radiological hazard parameters, like the dose rate (D), the annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE), radium equivalent activity (Raeq), external (Hex), internal (Hin) hazard indices and gamma index (Iγ) were estimated for these sediments and compared with the permissible international limits. Nearly, all the studied samples are within the recommended permissible levels for most environmental parameters, with the exception of some samples lie out of the limits.
Smart, Self-cleaning coating Based Ultra-Hydrophobic Copolymer Nano-composites
Authors: Ibrahim S. , Labeeb A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ultra-hydrophobic (UH) surfaces have gained a great attention due to the high potential for tremendous applications. Simplified preparation technique was used with low-cost value to produce UH nano-composites coating. Copolymer nano-composites have numerous advantages as a flexible coating through the huge covering volume/area. The molecular weight of prepared copolymer was defined with gel permeation chromatography. UH coating films were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic laser scattering, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscope, and dielectrically study. The contact angle of UH coating film and surface area were measured. Copolymer coating with 9% loaded ratio of nanocomposite given 132° contact angel with excellent nano particle size, and surface area. The zeta potential results indicated to perfect stability of ecofriendly emulsified coating. The main aim of research was verified the ability of prepared copolymer nano-composites as a UH self-cleaning coating film on different applications especially solar panel and packaging substrates.
Recovery of valuable heavy minerals via gravity and magnetic separation operations from Diit Quaternary stream sediments, southern coast of the Red Sea, Egypt
Authors: Fawzy M M , Abu El Ghar M S , Gaafar I M , El Shafey A M , Diab M , Hussein A W 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This research aims to concentrate and recover valuable heavy minerals (VHMs) contained in Diit area, southern coast of the Red Sea, Egypt. In this study, three technological samples were collected representing Lens, Delta and Wadi Diit; mineralogical investigation followed by mineral processing was performed in order to recover VHM content. VHMs such as zircon, ilmenite, rutile, sphene, apatite, garnet, and magnetite have been recorded in associations with lesser amounts of uranothorite, monazite, xenotime, fergusonite, khatyrkite, and gold. Initially, two stage wet gravity concentration processes, rougher and scavenger, were carried out via a shaking table to produce a clean concentrate of VHMs, which was used as feed material for the magnetic separation process. Magnetic separation was performed in order to separate ferromagnetic minerals from paramagnetic minerals as well as diamagnetic minerals to obtain clean concentration of these fractions. Assay and Material balance of the concentration steps proved that the THM content of Diit lens increased to 89.70% with a recovery of 91.68% in a weight of 61.08% out of the original sample. While the percentage of THM content in Wadi and Delta Diit samples increased to 48.68 and 47.67% respectively, with recovery equivalent to 71.67 and 82.06% respectively in a weight of 16.51, 18.7% respectively out of the original sample. Finally, a process flowsheet was created according to the optimum conditions for concentration and separation processes.
Thermal behavior and explosive properties of TNT/RGO
Authors: Talaat Ahmed , Elbeih Ahmed , Tantawy Hesham , Hussein Ahmed K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), is the most widely accessible explosive. Thanks to the melt cast characteristics (melting temperature of TNT is 80-82 °C,), lead to contribute in many applications as mortars, grenades, artillery rounds, warheads, and antipersonnel mines. TNT has high chemical stability, and moderate sensitivity. In this paper, a novel addition of nano particles of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was added to enhance the TNT characteristics. A composite TNT/RGO 98:2 wt. % was prepared. The morphology of the composite mixture was captured using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity were evaluated, thermal behavior was investigated using diffeential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the characterization of the prepared composite and pure TNT was examined using an X-Ray diffractometer. Explosive characteristics were determined by detonation velocity and brisance by Kast . The results showed improvement in the sensitivity with reserving the high explosive characteristics of TNT. Interestingly, a decrease in the melting point of TNT due to the presence of RGO in the composite was observed. This addition might be an effective parameter in the melting procedure of TNT.
Comparative Studies on Hydrometallurgy and Pyrometallurgy to the Extraction of Beryllium from Decrepitated Beryl from Wadi El Gemal Region, Eastern Desert, Egypt
Authors: Atrees Mohamed Shabaan , Mira Hamed I. E. , Kawassik Yasser M , Ali Mohamed E. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Comparative Studies on hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy to the extraction of beryllium from decrepitated beryl from Wadi El Gemal Region, Eastern Desert, Egypt are carried out in this work in short, useful summary. Beryl is one of the important ore mineral constituents of the mineralized zones at Wadi El Gemal area, Eastern Desert, Egypt. Extraction of beryllium from beryl ore involves both (a) pyrometallurgical techniques through roasting of beryl with Na2SiF6 followed by leaching of roasting beryl with commercial (dilute) H2SO4 (b) hydrometallurgical processing techniques of beryl through direct leaching with H2SO4 to produce directly sulfate liquor. 88% of beryllium was extracted by roasted beryl with Na2SiF6 at 850°C for 1.5 hours and leaching the roasted product with 25% H2SO4 AT 85 ° C for 3/4 hour. On the other hand, 95 % of beryllium was extracted directly after 20 minutes by direct leaching at 280°c with 10 mol/liter H2SO4. Therefore, this work sheds light on the study of the factors affecting both forms of beryllium extraction.