bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impartiality and democracy: an objection to political exchange
Authors: Jeffers Matthew T. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe philosophical debate concerning political exchange has largely been confined to debating the desirability of vote trading; where individuals can sell their votes or buy votes from others. However, I show that the vote credit systems prevalent in public choice theory entirely avoid the common objections to political exchange that afflict vote trading proposals. Namely, vote credit systems avoid equality concerns and inalienability concerns. I offer an alternative critique to formal mechanisms that encourage political exchange by drawing on the role that impartiality and impartial moral judgements play in democratic and electoral institutions.
Ant-ICON - ‘Integrated Science to Inform Antarctic and Southern Ocean Conservation’: a new SCAR Scientific Research Programme
Authors: Hughes Kevin A. , Santos Mercedes , Caccavo Jilda A. , Chignell Stephen M. , Gardiner Natasha B. , Gilbert Neil , Howkins Adrian , Van Vuuren Bettine Jansen , Lee Jasmine R. , Liggett Daniela , Lowther Andrew , Lynch Heather , Quesada Antonio , Shin Hyoung Chul , Soutullo Alvaro , Terauds Aleks 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAntarctic and Southern Ocean environments are facing increasing pressure from multiple threats. The Antarctic Treaty System regularly looks to the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) for the provision of independent and objective advice based on the best available science to support decision-making, policy development and effective environmental management. The recently approved SCAR Scientific Research Programme Ant-ICON - ‘Integrated Science to Inform Antarctic and Southern Ocean Conservation‘ - facilitates and coordinates high-quality transdisciplinary research to inform the conservation and management of Antarctica, the Southern Ocean and the sub-Antarctic in the context of current and future impacts. The work of Ant-ICON focuses on three research themes examining 1) the current state and future projections of Antarctic systems, species and functions, 2) human impacts and sustainability and 3) socio-ecological approaches to Antarctic and Southern Ocean conservation, and one synthesis theme that seeks to facilitate the provision of timely scientific advice to support effective Antarctic conservation. Research outputs will address the most pressing environmental challenges facing Antarctica and offer high-quality science to policy and advisory bodies including the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting, the Committee for Environmental Protection and the Scientific Committee of the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources.
Graded bilingual effects on attentional network function in Chinese high school students
Authors: Privitera Adam John , Momenian Mohammad , Weekes Brendan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEffective communication in multilingual environments requires bilinguals to constantly monitor linguistic cues. It is hypothesized that the constant need to monitor may result in improved attention. However, previous investigations have reported mixed, often null results, with positive findings attributed to non-linguistic variables. To address these issues, we investigated whether higher levels of bilingualism were associated with improved attentional function in a sample of culturally and socioeconomically homogenous Mandarin–English speaking bilingual adolescents. Participants completed the Attention Network Task to assess attentional network function. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models in order to account for nontrivial differences. Mixed results provide partial support for domain general cognitive benefits associated with higher levels of bilingualism. Both improved and reduced performance differed based on the specific dimension of bilingualism and the attentional network assessed. Findings support the conclusion that separable dimensions of bilingual language experience assert different influences on attentional network function.
Mental health and the global climate crisis
Authors: Corvalan Carlos , Gray Brandon , Villalobos Prats Elena , Sena Aderita , Hanna Fahmy , Campbell-Lendrum Diarmid 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Aims
Not only is nature essential for human existence, but many of its functions and contributions are irreplaceable. Studying the impact of these changes on individuals and communities, researchers and public health officials have largely focused on physical health. Our aim is to better understand how climate change also exacerbates many social and environmental risk factors for mental health and psychosocial problems, and can lead to emotional distress, the development of new mental health conditions and a worsening situation for people already living with these conditions.

Methods
We considered all possible direct and indirect pathways by which climate change can affect mental health. We built a framework which includes climate change-related hazards, climate change-related global environmental threats, social and environmental exposure pathways, and vulnerability factors and inequalities to derive possible mental health and psychosocial outcomes.

Results
We identified five approaches to address the mental health and psychosocial impacts of climate change which we suggest should be implemented with urgency: (1) integrate climate change considerations into policies and programmes for mental health, to better prepare for and respond to the climate crisis; (2) integrate mental health and psychosocial support within policies and programmes dealing with climate change and health; (3) build upon global commitments including the Sustainable Development Goals, the Paris Agreement and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction; (4) implement multisectoral and community-based approaches to reduce vulnerabilities and address the mental health and psychosocial impacts of climate change; and (5) address the large gaps that exist in funding both for mental health and for responding to the health impacts of climate change.

Conclusions
There is growing evidence of the various mechanisms by which climate change is affecting mental health. Given the human impacts of climate change, mental health and psychosocial well-being need to be one of the main focuses of climate action. Therefore, countries need to dramatically accelerate their responses to climate change, including efforts to address its impacts on mental health and psychosocial well-being.
A Method to Improve Land Use Representation for Weather Simulations Based on High‐Resolution Data Sets—Application to Corine Land Cover Data in the WRF Model
Authors: de Bode M. , Hedde T. , Roubin P. , Durand P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLand cover (LC) data incorporation, for weather modeling purposes, highlights many problems. The straightforward Single Level Mode (SLM) aggregation is not adapted for high‐resolution LC maps, with a high number of classes, because it could generate false classifications. We propose a Multi‐Level Mode (MLM) aggregation method that includes a hierarchical structure. This study focuses on the Corine Land Cover (CLC) data set. Differences between MLM and SLM methods are small at the finest horizontal resolution and increase to a value of around 16% at 9‐km horizontal resolution. To further integrate CLC data into WRF (Weather Research Forecasting model), we included a dedicated table of physical parameters next to using the classical conversion toward the USGS one. To evaluate the LC impact on the modeled boundary layer, we used WRF at 1 km to simulate a 4‐day period with diurnal cycles of valley winds in the heterogeneous western pre‐Alps area. We tested three LCs (USGS, MODIS, and CLC), where CLC has two physical parameter tables and two aggregation methods. CLC performs better than other tested LCs. The CLC aggregation methods revealed limited differences between the simulated variables, although the MLM method gives better results. Since these comparisons are restricted to a single location with the same LC type, the differences between various simulations regarding atmospheric parameters probably result from horizontal advection from upwind areas where surface conditions differ. Extended time series with multiple locations and diverse meteorological conditions need to be considered to reinforce the results presented here.
Bridging the Gap Between Simple Metrics and Model Simulations of Climate Change Impacts on Land Hydrology
Authors: Berg Alexis 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFor many years now, studies on climate change impacts on continental hydrology have suffered from conflicting results between different approaches. On the one hand, studies relying on widely used, simple metrics of land water availability, such as the Aridity Index and Palmer Drought Severity Index, depict predominantly drier future land surface conditions, when driven by climate change projections from global models. On the other hand, the same climate models also generate their own land surface projections, which exhibit balanced changes in land hydrology, with spatially heterogenous changes in soil moisture or runoff. Writing in Earth's Future, Scheff et al. (2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ef002814) provide a comprehensive modeling assessment of the various processes responsible for these contrasted projections, resolving this conflict and thereby improving our understanding of future land hydrology.
Tropospheric Ozone During the Last Interglacial
Authors: Yan Yuzhen , Banerjee Asmita , Murray Lee T. , Tie Xin , Yeung Laurence Y. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe history of tropospheric O3, an important atmospheric oxidant, is poorly constrained because of uncertainties in its historical budget and a dearth of independent records. Here, we estimate the mean tropospheric O3 burden during the Last Interglacial period (LIG; 115 to 130 thousand years ago) using a record of the clumped isotopic composition of O2 (i.e., Δ36 values) preserved in Antarctic ice. The measured LIG Δ36 value is 0.03 ± 0.02‰ (95% CI) higher than the late pre‐industrial Holocene (PI; 1,590–1,850 CE) value and corresponds to a modeled 9% reduction in LIG tropospheric O3 burden (95% CI: 3%–15%), caused in part by a substantial reduction in biomass burning emissions during the LIG relative to the PI. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that late‐Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions caused woody and grassy fuels to accumulate on land, leading to enhanced biomass burning in the preindustrial Holocene.
In Situ Space Plasma Diagnostics With Finite Amplitude Active Electric Experiments: Non‐Linear Plasma Effects and Instrumental Performance of Mutual Impedance Experiments
Authors: Bucciantini L. , Henri P. , Wattieaux G. , Califano F. , Vallières X. , Randriamboarison O. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMutual impedance (MI) experiments are a kind of plasma diagnostic techniques for the identification of the in situ plasma density and electron temperature. These plasma parameters are retrieved from MI spectra, obtained by perturbing the plasma using a set of electric emitting antennas and, simultaneously, retrieving using a set of electric receiving antennas the electric fluctuations generated in the plasma. Typical MI experiments suppose a linear plasma response to the electric excitation of the instrument. In the case of practical space applications, this assumption is often broken: low temperature plasmas, which are usually encountered in ionized planetary environments (e.g., RPC‐MIP instrument onboard the Rosetta mission, RPWI/MIME experiment onboard the JUICE mission), force toward significant perturbations of the plasma dielectric. In this context, we investigate MI experiments relaxing, for the first time, the assumption of linear plasma perturbations: we quantify the impact of large antenna emission amplitudes on the (a) plasma density and (b) electron temperature diagnostic performance of MI instruments. We use electrostatic 1D‐1 V full kinetic Vlasov‐Poisson numerical simulations. First, we simulate the electric oscillations generated in the plasma by MI experiments. Second, we use typical MI data analysis techniques to compute the MI diagnostic performance in function of the emission amplitude and of the emitting‐receiving antennas distance. We find the plasma density and electron temperature identification processes robust (i.e., relative errors below 5% and 20%, respectively) to large amplitude emissions for antenna emission amplitudes corresponding to electric‐to‐thermal energy ratios up to .
Social Media to Promote Treatment Adherence Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Chronic Health Conditions: A Topical Review and TikTok Application
Authors: Psihogios Alexandra M. , Ahmed Annisa M. , McKelvey Elise R. , Toto Daniella , Avila Isabella , Hekimian-Brogan Elodie , Steward Zachary , Schwartz Lisa A. , Barakat Lamia P. 
Published: December 2022

Objective: Social media is a large facet of contemporary culture, particularly for adolescents and young adults (AYAs). Likewise, digital health interventions have proliferated. Yet understanding of how social media can be leveraged to deliver empirically informed adherence interventions is more limited. This topical review provides a synthesis of literature related to improving AYA treatment adherence through social media approaches. To illustrate a clinical application, we describe an initiative that codeveloped and codisseminated adherence education with AYAs with cancer via TikTok. Methods: Literature searches were conducted on databases including PubMed and PsycINFO, using keywords such as adolescents or young adults; social media; and adherence, self-management, or health. Adherence TikTok videos were developed through user-centered design approaches with AYAs with cancer and clinicians/staff. Results: Results from the review suggested that AYAs use social media to research general health information and obtain support. Research-derived adherence-promotion interventions with social-media-like features appear to be acceptable, and some have led to improvements in adherence. Our process of translating empirically informed adherence education to TikTok was rapid and low cost and obtained 30,797 views. Conclusions: Social media has great promise for advancing the uptake and reach of evidence-based adherence care for AYAs. We highlight opportunities for advancing current clinical practices and future research in this area, including forming clinical partnerships with AYAs to disseminate credible adherence content via the social media platforms that are already part of their daily technology use. Implications for Impact Statement This topical review found that AYAs currently use social media for health purposes—with or without expert input—and adherence-promotion interventions that incorporate social media features have been acceptable to AYAs. We highlight the potential for and one application of leveraging commercial social media (e.g., TikTok) to deliver engaging and credible adherence information with substantial reach.
Adherence and Self-Management Interventions Among Systemically Marginalized and Underserved Youth With Asthma
Authors: Sweenie Rachel , De Keyser Heather Hoch , Gutiérrez-Colina Ana M. , Brammer Caitlin , Ramsey Rachelle R. 
Published: December 2022

Objective: Asthma disproportionately impacts youth who have been systemically marginalized and underserved, henceforth termed underserved for brevity. Disparities are driven by systemic and structural racism and social determinants of health. We aimed to synthesize findings from interventions delivered among youth who have been underserved, highlight effective intervention strategies, and provide recommendations to promote health equity. To demonstrate, we also present a case example of clinical application. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search of randomized trials among youth (≤18 years old) who are often underserved, delivered in clinical, community, or home-based settings with medication adherence and/or self-management behaviors as an intervention outcome. We used descriptive statistics to synthesize study characteristics and outcomes. Results: Twenty-four articles, representing 21 unique interventions, met inclusion criteria. Forty-six percent reported significant improvements in adherence or self-management for the intervention group. Self-management interventions focused on symptom recognition and monitoring demonstrated the greatest percentage of significant intervention findings (71.4%); controller medication adherence interventions demonstrated the fewest (33.3%). Conclusions: Interventions are not consistently effective for youth who have been underserved. Findings suggest that pediatric psychologists can help patients from underserved backgrounds by bolstering symptom recognition and monitoring skills, providing self-management skill education, and problem-solving ways to reduce triggers through individually tailored, multicomponent approaches. Pediatric psychologists should simultaneously strive to consider and address systemic, structural, and social determinants of asthma disparities in their work. Implications for Impact Statement Adherence and self-management intervention approaches to-date may not always be effective for youth with asthma who have been systemically marginalized and underserved. Pediatric psychologists are encouraged to deliver individually tailored multicomponent interventions while also striving to address upstream systemic, structural, and social barriers to adherence and self-management.
Protection of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells during acute lung injury requires autophagy maintained by mTOR
Authors: Hu Yue , Shao Jing , Shen Lanying , Wang Shengchao , Xu Kaiyan , Mao Jiayan , Shen Jian , Chen Wei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPrevious studies suggest that mesenchymal stem cells may represent a promising cellular therapy for acute lung injury (ALI); however, the underlying relevant molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) were isolated and characterized by alizarin red staining, oil red staining, and flow cytometry. Lung injury and inflammatory cell infiltration were determined using the Evans blue method, wet/dry weight ratio, and H&E staining. An ELISA was used to detect the concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α. Autophagy was detected with an mRFP-GFP-LC3 dual-fluorescence autophagy indicator system, Western blotting, and electron microscopy. We first demonstrated that ADSCs did alleviate the inflammatory responses and tissue damage in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. Next, we further demonstrated in vivo that autophagy plays a key role in the maintenance of ADSC therapeutic efficacy. In vitro experiments demonstrated that ADSCs co-cultured with alveolar epithelial cells depend on autophagy for significant anti-inflammatory functions. Moreover, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key regulator of autophagy. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the effect of ADSC on ALI, especially on alveolar epithelial cells, is dependent on mTOR-mediated autophagy maintenance. The significance of our study for ALI therapy is discussed with respect to a more complete understanding of the therapeutic strategy paradigm.
Bridging polymer chemistry and cryobiology
Authors: Matsumura Kazuaki , Rajan Robin , Ahmed Sana 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPolymers, especially charged polymers, are the key to a sustainable future, as they have the capability to act as alternatives to plastics, reduce the impact of global warming, and offer solutions to global environmental pollution problems. Biomaterial polymers have proven to be incredibly effective in a multitude of applications, including clinical applications. In the fields of cryobiology and cryopreservation, polymers have emerged as credible alternatives to small molecules and other compounds, yielding excellent results. This review outlines the results of research in the areas of polymer chemistry and cryobiology, which have not been discussed together previously. Herein, we explain how recent polymer research has enabled the development of polymeric cryoprotectants with novel mechanisms and the development of novel methods for the intracellular delivery of substances, such as drugs, using a cryobiological technique called the freeze-concentration effect. Our findings indicate that interdisciplinary collaboration between cryobiologists and polymer chemists has led to exciting developments that will further cell biology and medical research.
Phosphonic acid tagged carbon quantum dots encapsulated in SBA-15 as a novel catalyst for the preparation of N-heterocycles with pyrazolo, barbituric acid and indole moieties
Authors: Rasooll Milad Mohammadi , Sepehrmansourie Hassan , Zarei Mahmoud , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Rostamnia Sadegh 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHerein, we have presented a new insight for the synthesis of a hybrid heterogeneous catalyst. For this purpose, phosphonic acid tagged carbon quantum dots of CQDs-N(CH2PO3H2)2 encapsulated and assembled in channels of SBA-15 using a post-modification strategy. The mesoporous catalyst of functionalized carbon quantum dots (CQDs) was characterized by several techniques. CQDs-N(CH2PO3H2)2/SBA-15 as an excellent catalyst was applied for the preparation of novel pyrazolo[4′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives by using pyrazole, barbituric acid and indole moieties at 100 °C under the solvent-free condition. The present work shows that a significant increase in the catalytic activity can be achieved by a rational design of mesoporous SBA-15 modified with CQDs for the synthesis of biological active candidates. The synthesized compounds did not convert to their corresponding pyridines via an anomeric-based oxidation mechanism.
Classification and visual explanation for COVID-19 pneumonia from CT images using triple learning
Authors: Kato Sota , Oda Masahiro , Mori Kensaku , Shimizu Akinobu , Otake Yoshito , Hashimoto Masahiro , Akashi Toshiaki , Hotta Kazuhiro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study presents a novel framework for classifying and visualizing pneumonia induced by COVID-19 from CT images. Although many image classification methods using deep learning have been proposed, in the case of medical image fields, standard classification methods are unable to be used in some cases because the medical images that belong to the same category vary depending on the progression of the symptoms and the size of the inflamed area. In addition, it is essential that the models used be transparent and explainable, allowing health care providers to trust the models and avoid mistakes. In this study, we propose a classification method using contrastive learning and an attention mechanism. Contrastive learning is able to close the distance for images of the same category and generate a better feature space for classification. An attention mechanism is able to emphasize an important area in the image and visualize the location related to classification. Through experiments conducted on two-types of classification using a three-fold cross validation, we confirmed that the classification accuracy was significantly improved; in addition, a detailed visual explanation was achieved comparison with conventional methods.