bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profiling hot isostatically pressed canister–wasteform interaction for Pu‐bearing zirconolite‐rich wasteforms
Authors: Dayal Pranesh , Farzana Rifat , Zhang Yingjie , Lumpkin Gregory R. , Holmes Rohan , Triani Gerry , Gregg Daniel J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractZirconolite‐rich full ceramic wasteforms designed to immobilize Pu‐bearing wastes were produced via hot isostatic pressing (HIP) using stainless steel (SS) and nickel (Ni) HIP canisters. A detailed profiling of the elemental compositions of the major and minor phases over the canister–wasteform interaction zone was performed using scanning electron microscopy combined with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS) characterization. Bulk sample analyses from regions near the center of the HIP canister were also conducted for both samples using X‐ray diffraction and SEM‐EDS. The sample with the Ni HIP canister showed almost no interaction zone with only minor diffusion of Ni from the inner wall of the canister into the near‐surface region of the wasteform. The sample with the SS HIP canister showed ∼100–120 μm of interaction zone dominated by high‐temperature Cr diffusion from canister materials to the wasteform with the Cr predominantly incorporated into the durable zirconolite phase. We also examined, for the first time, changes to the HIP canister wall thickness caused by HIPing and demonstrated that no canister wall thinning occurred. Instead, in the areas examined, the canister wall thickness was observed to increase (up to ∼20%) due to the compression occurring during the HIP cycle. Further, only sparse formation of (Cr, Mn)‐rich oxide particles were noted within the HIP canister inner wall area immediately adjacent to the ceramic material, with no evidence for reverse diffusion of ceramic materials. Though the HIP canister–wasteform interaction extends to ∼120 μm when using an SS HIP canister for the system investigated, this translates to <<1 vol.% for an industrial scale HIPed wasteform. Importantly, the HIP canister–wasteform interactions did not produce any obviously less durable phases in the wasteform or had any detrimental impact on the HIP canister properties.
Predictive growth kinetic parameters and modelled probabilities of deoxynivalenol production by Fusarium graminearum on wheat during simulated storing conditions
Authors: Pei Penggang , Xiong Ke , Wang Xiaoyi , Sun Baoguo , Zhao Zhiyao , Zhang Xin , Yu Jiabin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aims
Mathematical models were employed to predict the growth kinetic parameters of Fusarium graminearum and the accumulation of deoxynivalenol (DON) during wheat storage as a function of different moisture contents (MCs) and temperatures.

Methods and results
The colony counting method was used to quantify F. graminearum growth under different environmental conditions, and kinetic and probability models were developed to describe the effect of different MCs and temperatures on fungal growth and DON production during wheat storage. Among the employed secondary models (Arrhenius-Davey, Gibson and Cardinal), the general polynomial best predicted the fungal growth rate under varying temperature and MC during wheat storage. According to the logistic model, DON contamination was correctly predicted in 96.5% of cases.

Conclusions
The maximum growth rate of fungi was 0.4889 ± 0.092 Log CFU g−1 day−1 at 25°C and 30% moisture according to the polynomial model. At below 17°C and ≤15% moisture, no fungal growth was observed. The probability model of toxin production showed no toxin production at less than 15% moisture (aw ≤0.76) and below 15°C.

Significance and impact of the study
This is the first application of a probability model of DON production during wheat storage, providing a reference for preventing fungal growth and mycotoxin accumulation by F. graminearum during wheat storage and guaranteeing food product safety.
Isolation and identification of mucin-degrading bacteria originated from human faeces and their potential probiotic efficacy according to host–microbiome enterotype
Authors: Yuan Heng , Zhou Junyu , Li Nanxin , Wu Xuangao , Huang Shaokai , Park Sunmin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aim
Mucin-degrading bacteria are known to be beneficial for gut health. We aimed to isolate human-derived mucin-degrading bacteria and identify potential probiotic characteristics and their effects on the bacterial community and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production according to three different enterotypes of the host.

Methods and Results
Bacteria with mucin decomposition ability from human faeces were isolated and identified by 16S rRNA sequencing and MALDI-TOF. Heat resistance, acid resistance, antibiotic resistance, and antibacterial activity were analysed in the selected bacteria. Their adhesion capability to the Caco-2 cell was determined by scanning electron microscopy. Their ability to alter the bacterial community and SCFA production of the isolated bacteria was investigated in three enterotypes. The three isolated strains were Bifidobacterium(Bif.) animalis SPM01 (CP001606.1, 99%), Bif. longum SPM02 (NR_043437.1, 99%), and Limosilactobacillus(L.) reuteri SPM03 (CP000705.1, 99%) deposited in Korean Collection for Type Culture (KCTC-18958P). Among them, Bif. animalis exhibited the highest mucin degrading ability. They exhibited strong resistance to acidic conditions, moderate resistance to heat, and the ability to adhere tightly to Caco-2 cells. Three isolated mucin-degrading bacteria incubation increased Lactobacillus in the faecal bacteria from Bacteroides and Prevotella enterotypes. However, only L. reuteri elevated Lactobacillus in the faecal bacteria from the Ruminococcus enterotype. B. longum and B. animalis increased the α-diversity in the Ruminococcus enterotype, while their incubation with other intestinal types decreased the α-diversity. Bifidobacterium animalis and L. reuteri increased the butyric acid level in faecal bacteria from the Prevotella enterotype, and L. reuteri elevated the acetic acid level in those from the Ruminococcus enterotype. However, the overall SCFA changes were minimal.

Conclusions
The isolated mucin-degrading bacteria act as probiotics and modulate gut microbiota and SCFA production differently according to the host′s enterotypes.

Significance and Impact of Study
Probiotics need to be personalized according to the enterotypes in clinical application.
Calpain‐1 mediates vascular remodelling and fibrosis via HIF‐1α in hypoxia‐induced pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Deng Haiyan , Tian Xiaoxue , Sun Hening , Liu Huan , Lu Meili , Wang Hongxin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCalpain‐1, a calcium‐activated neutral cysteine proteases, has been reported to be involved in the formation of pulmonary hypertension. HIF‐1α, an oxygen‐sensitive transcription factor, has been reported to activate genes involved in cell proliferation and extracellular matrix recombination. This study was designed to investigate the effect of calpain‐1 in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) and to explore whether there is a relationship between calpain‐1 and HIF‐1α in this disease. In the hypoxia‐induced model of HPH, we found that hypoxia resulted in increased right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary vascular remodelling and collagen deposition in lung tissues of mice. The levels of calpain‐1 and HIF‐1α were up‐regulated in the lung tissues of hypoxia‐treated mice and pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Knock‐out of calpain‐1 restrained haemodynamic and histological changes induced by chronic hypoxia in mice, and inhibition of calpain‐1 also repressed the abnormal proliferation and migration of PASMCs. Besides, knock‐out or inhibition of calpain‐1 suppressed hypoxia‐induced expression of HIF‐1α, VEGF, PCNA, TGF‐β1, MMP2 and collagen I in vivo and in vitro. While inhibition of HIF‐1α abolished the above effects of calpain‐1. Furthermore, we found that calpain‐1 mediates the expression of HIF‐1α through NF‐κB (P65) under hypoxia conditions. In conclusion, our results suggest that calpain‐1 plays a pivotal role in hypoxia‐induced pulmonary vascular remodelling and fibrosis through HIF‐1α, providing a better understanding of the pathogenesis of HPH.
Epidermal thickness in healthy humans: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lintzeri D.A. , Karimian N. , Blume‐Peytavi U. , Kottner J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSeveral skin diseases are characterized by epidermal alterations affecting epidermal thickness. Reference values of epidermal thickness in healthy humans and knowledge of possible differences regarding age, sex, skin phototype, and ethnic origin are essential in research and in clinical practice. The objectives of this systematic review were to provide epidermal thickness reference values for healthy human skin and describe possible effects of measurement methods, age, sex, ethnic origin, and skin phototype. A combined search in the databases Medline and Embase, and other sources were conducted. Searches covered a period from 1946 to 3 June 2020. Included studies were primarily observational and interventional studies providing means and spread values of epidermal thickness estimates in healthy humans, with clear reporting of skin area, age, and measurement method, and optional reporting of sex, ethnic origin, and skin phototype. Data were extracted per skin area and pooled in random‐effects models. A total of 142 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 133 in the meta‐analysis. Pooled epidermal thickness estimates were calculated for 37 skin areas. The lowest epidermal thickness of 31.2 (95% CI 27.8–34.6) μm was reported for the penis and the highest of 596.6 (95% CI 443.9–749.3) μm for the plantar aspect of the foot. Differences in epidermal thickness estimates obtained by histology, optical coherence tomography, and laser scanning microscopy were minor. High‐frequency ultrasonography produces systematically higher values. The epidermis was thinner in aged skin. Differences between sexes and among ethnic origins were minor. Epidermal thickness reference values are provided for 37 skin areas. In conclusion, the epidermis tends to become thinner by ageing and does not seem to be influenced by sex. Histology, optical coherence tomography, and laser scanning microscopy might be used interchangeably to measure epidermal thickness, whereas high‐frequency ultrasound should not be used.
Risk factors for complicated Mohs surgery in the South Sweden Mohs Cohort
Authors: Nätterdahl C. , Kappelin J. , Persson B. , Lundqvist K. , Ahnlide I. , Saleh K. , Ingvar Å. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundMohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is a precise, tissue‐sparing surgical technique that offers superior cure rates compared to traditional surgical excision. However, the degree of difficulty of MMS depends on many variables, and consequently, the number of surgical stages required for each case is quite unpredictable.ObjectivesTo identify risk factors for complicated MMS, defined as MMS requiring ≥3 stages.MethodsIn a cohort study design, data were prospectively collected from 612 patients that underwent MMS for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) at the Department of Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, between 2009 and 2020. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to estimate the risk of MMS requiring ≥3 stages. Due to the risk of multicollinearity between recurrent or incompletely excised BCC and previous treatments, a partially and a fully adjusted multivariate logistic regression model were constructed.ResultsIn fully adjusted multivariate analyses, age (odds ratio (OR) 1.02; confidence interval (CI) 95% 1.00–1.04), previous cryotherapy (OR 2.3; CI 95% 1.1–4.8), and >1 previous surgery (OR 3.4; CI 95% 1.5–7.7) were significantly associated with risk of complicated MMS. Recurrent BCC was associated with the risk of complicated MMS in partially adjusted multivariate analyses, but not in the fully adjusted analyses. In this highly selected cohort, histopathological subtype, and tumour localization were not associated with the risk of complicated MMS.ConclusionsOlder age and tumours previously treated with cryotherapy or multiple prior surgeries increased the risk of MMS requiring ≥3 stages. Whether recurrent BCC is an independent risk factor for complicated MMS needs further evaluation. Knowledge of these risk factors may ameliorate the planning of Mohs surgeries.
Mapping ethical and social aspects of biomarker research and its application in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis: a systematic review of reason
Authors: Fritzsche M.‐Ch. , Buyx A.M. , Hangel N. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBiomarker research is associated with high hopes for atopic dermatitis and psoriasis research. Although various effective treatments have been developed, many challenges remain concerning diagnostics and the development of targeted treatments, but also regarding a number of ethical and social issues. In this paper, building on a systematic literature review and review of reason, we examine the ethical and social debate on biomarker research for atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. We discuss topics such as risks and benefits of stratification of patient groups, ethical aspects of big data and advanced analytics for biomarker use in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Our systematic literature review of reason, based on established methodological standards, includes argument‐based ethics publications and scientific literature with implicitly ethically relevant aspects. The first search of biomarker research in dermatology and adjacent fields (e.g., oncology) resulted in a large amount of literature concerning general normative aspects of biomarker research, but suggested a lack of explicit argument‐based ethical literature in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis research. We, therefore, conducted a second systematic search, focusing specifically on atopic dermatitis and psoriasis biomarker research. The 43 relevant articles identified through both systematic searches were clustered into three topic groups: (i) ethical aspects of stratification and precision medicine, (ii) digital ethics and (iii) research ethics with a focus on complexity and validation. We found that compared to other fields, such as cancer research, the ethical aspects of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis are rarely explained and addressed in detail. In particular, more work is required on scientific standards, digital ethics and responsible clinical application of biomarkers for atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, patient participation and ethical implications of biomarker use for children or young people with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. We close with suggestions on how to address the ethical and social dimension of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis research and practice more directly in future.
The humanistic burden of vitiligo: a systematic literature review of quality‐of‐life outcomes
Authors: Picardo M. , Huggins R.H. , Jones H. , Marino R. , Ogunsola M. , Seneschal J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDespite historical mischaracterization as a cosmetic condition, patients with the autoimmune disorder vitiligo experience substantial quality‐of‐life (QoL) burden. This systematic literature review of peer‐reviewed observational and interventional studies describes comprehensive evidence for humanistic burden in patients with vitiligo. PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and the Cochrane databases were searched through February 10, 2021, to qualitatively assess QoL in vitiligo. Two independent reviewers assessed articles for inclusion and extracted data for qualitative synthesis. A total of 130 included studies were published between 1996 and 2021. Geographical regions with the most studies were Europe (32.3%) and the Middle East (26.9%). Dermatology‐specific instruments, including the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI; 80 studies) and its variants for children (CDLQI; 10 studies) and families (FDLQI; 4 studies), as well as Skindex instruments (Skindex‐29, 15 studies; Skindex‐16, 4 studies), were most commonly used to measure humanistic burden. Vitiligo‐specific instruments, including the Vitiligo‐specific QoL (VitiQoL; 11 studies) instrument and 22‐item Vitiligo Impact Scale (VIS‐22; 4 studies), were administered in fewer studies. Among studies that reported total scores for the overall population, a majority revealed moderate or worse effects of vitiligo on patient QoL (DLQI, 35/54 studies; Skindex, 8/8 studies; VitiQoL, 6/6 studies; VIS‐22, 3/3 studies). Vitiligo also had a significant impact on the QoL of families and caregivers; 4/4 studies reporting FDLQI scores indicated moderate or worse effects on QoL. In general, treatment significantly (P < 0.05) improved QoL, but there were no trends for types or duration of treatment. Among studies that reported factors significantly (P ≤ 0.05) associated with reduced QoL, female sex and visible lesions and/or lesions in sensitive areas were most common. In summary, vitiligo has clinically meaningful effects on the QoL of patients, highlighting that greater attention should be dedicated to QoL decrement awareness and improvement in patients with vitiligo.
Advancing urban metabolism studies through GIS data: Resource flows, open space networks, and vulnerable communities in Mexico City
Authors: Otero Peña Daniel , Perrotti Daniela , Mohareb Eugene 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUrban metabolism studies provide valuable insights that can improve resource efficiency at the city scale. However, only a limited number of such studies include spatially explicit data to inform planning practitioners. In this article, we argue that integrating spatially explicit urban metabolism data in urban planning can leverage resource‐efficient development and management of open space networks. Based on this premise, our research presents a methodological strategy to investigate how the use of GIS data can improve the applicability of metabolic studies in urban planning and the management of open space networks in particular. A GIS‐based urban metabolism assessment of Mexico City was performed at the city scale, including data on vulnerable communities, communal lands, and indigenous areas. After mapping selected GIS layers, a detailed resource‐efficiency analysis was performed through the compilation of a Borough Pattern Scan, based on quantification of resource use, total areas of resource infrastructure, and public open spaces. The results of our multiscale spatially explicit analysis provide an improved understanding of borough metabolic profiles, which can leverage a more resource‐efficient development of open space networks in Mexico City.
The purchasing power parity and exchange‐rate economics half a century on
Authors: Vo Hai Long , Vo Duc Hong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe value of a country's currency is often considered as the most important price in the economy. Exchange‐rate changes can significantly affect the profitability of exporters, the prices paid by consumers, as well as complicating the comparison of the economies of different countries. In this article, we illustrate the workings of the purchasing power parity (PPP) and demonstrate its practical use with cross‐country data covering the 50 years since the collapse of the Bretton Woods monetary system. We find that despite the prolonged gyrations of currency values and the multitude of trade barriers, the forces of arbitrage and resource re‐allocation are sufficient to overcome many of these distortions in the longer term. We also provide a broad survey of other prominent themes, both extant and emerging, in international economics that highlight the importance of the relationship between exchange rates and prices.
Four cases of cervical varices without placenta praevia: Presentation, diagnosis, managements, and literature review
Authors: Wong Chun Kit , Hung Catherine Man Wai , Ng Vivian Kwun Sin , Yung Wai Kuen , Leung Wing Cheong , Lau Wai Lam 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCervical varices are a rare condition characterized by recurrent antepartum hemorrhage and less than 20 cases were reported in the literature. It is usually associated with placenta previa. We herein describe four cases of cervical varices without placenta previa. Meticulous speculum examination, ultrasonography with Doppler and colposcopy are essential for establishing the diagnosis and assessing the extent of the cervical varix. We propose to classify it as the apparent external os type or ultrasonography‐based endocervical type. Most cases presented in the literature were delivered by cesarean section. Nevertheless, one of our cases was a successful vaginal delivery. Our case illustrates that vaginal delivery is possible in isolated cervical varices. More case reports are needed to have a better understanding of this rare entity.
Systemic immune‐inflammation index to predict placenta accreta spectrum and its histological subtypes
Authors: Keles Ayse , Dagdeviren Gulsah , Yucel Celik Ozge , Karatas Sahin Ediz , Obut Mehmet , Cayonu Kahraman Neval , Celen Sevki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimIn this study, we aimed to investigate the role of systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII) and other inflammatory parameters in the diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) and its histological subtypes.MethodsThis retrospective case–control study included patients who underwent surgery for placenta previa (PP). Case group (patients with PAS) included pregnant women diagnosed with histologically confirmed PAS, whereas control group (patients with PP) included pregnant women who underwent cesarean section with a PP diagnosis, required no additional intervention during the operation. Both groups were compared with respect to their demographic data, clinical characteristics, SII, and other laboratory parameters. Cut‐off values that can predict PAS were calculated. The PAS group was separated into subgroups based on histology findings, and inflammatory parameters were compared between subgroups.ResultsIn this study, data of 273 patients were analyzed. Of these, 68 (24.9%) were included in the PAS group and 205 (75.1%) patients were included in the PP group. Significant differences were observed in SII, platelet distribution width, mean platelet volume, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (p = 0.000, p = 0.006, p = 0.002, p = 0.000, and p = 0.000, respectively). The best SII cut‐off value was 985.02109/L (57.4% sensitivity and 72.2% specificity). There was no significant association between the histologic subtypes of PAS and inflammatory parameters.ConclusionSII can be used to predict PAS in pregnant women with PP. The relationship between the histologic subtypes of PAS and inflammatory parameters should be investigated in more comprehensive studies.