bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Bacteriological Profile of Urine and Stent Culture among Patients with Ureteric Double J Stent
Authors: Soomro Niaz , Bumbia Hira Anis , Abdullah . , Sajan . , Javed Atif , Fawad Ahmed 
Published: May 2022

Background: A common indication in urological pathologies and especially in instances of ureteric calculi/obstruction, is the placement of ureteric catheter such as the double J stent. 76% of patient with double J stent may encounter adverse outcome owing to bacterial colonization of their stents. Though antibiotic administration may help counter the situation, the implicated microorganisms are hard to determine. One may suggest that a urine culture may offer insight into the matter, however, little is known how bacteriology of the urine and stent culture resemble and thus a comparative analysis is much needed.
Objective: To compare the bacteriologic profile of urine and stent culture to determine the incidence and etiology of bacteriuria among patients with ureteric double J stent.
Methodology: This cross-sectional analysis, was conducted upon a sample of 219 patients (of either gender, aged 10 to 70 years) presenting for ureteric double J stent removal from June 2021 to February 2022 at Ziauddin University Hospital, Karachi. After taking written informed consent, data was recorded onto a pre-structured questionnaire containing inquiries pertaining to basic biodata, sociodemographic details, bacteriological profiles of the urine and ureteric double J stent culture. The data obtained was analyzed using SPSS v. 21.0.
Results: Among the sample 51.6% of the patients were males, while the remaining 48.4% were females. The mean age of the sample stood at 38 (SD ± 9.1). The total incidence of bacterial colonization was seen in 61.64% and 19.6% of stent and urine cultures respectively, with Enterococci being the commonest (54.8%) organism in stent culture and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa being the commonest (32.6%) in urine culture.
Conclusion: After careful consideration, it can be concluded that the incidence of bacterial colonization among both cultures, in addition to the detailed bacteriological profiles of urine and ureteric double J stent culture differ considerably and urine culture may not serve as an ideal indicator of stent colonization and antibiotic prophylaxis should continue to be practiced among symptomatic patients despite a sterile urine culture.
Did you look that up? How retrieving from smartphones affects memory for source
Authors: Siler Jessica , Hamilton Kristy A. , Benjamin Aaron S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIt is difficult to monitor whether information was originally retrieved internally, from our own memory, or externally, from another person or a device. We report two experiments that examined whether people were more likely to confuse prior access to information on a smartphone with accessing their own knowledge. Participants were experimentally assigned to either attempt to answer questions from memory or with a smartphone. One week later, we tested memory for the answers and source memory for the modality of the original attempt to retrieve the answer. Participants exhibited poorer source memory for answers retrieved from a smartphone than for answers they initially attempted to retrieve from memory. Experiment 2 demonstrated that memory for the information was equivalent across conditions. These results demonstrate that we are prone to confusing information retrieved from internal and external memory stores, and we have a cognitive bias to appropriate external knowledge as our own.
Research Development on Aqueous Ammonium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Ruding , Wang Shun , Chou Shulei , Jin Huile 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAqueous rechargeable batteries (ARBs) are provided with the merits of low cost, inherent security, environmental friendliness, and excellent electrochemical properties. Among various aqueous battery systems, aqueous ammonium‐ion batteries (AIBs) have shown great potential in low‐cost energy storage systems for future large‐scale smart grid applications due to their unique advantages including resource affordability and quite competitive electrochemical performance and received extensive research attention during recent years. Their unique battery chemistry also brings new insights and understanding into exploration of electrode and battery design. However, research on aqueous AIBs is still in its infancy and there are still many scientific issues in AIBs system worth exploring. In this paper, the latest developments in electrode materials, electrolytes, and battery chemistry in AIBs are reviewed in detail timely. Then further challenges and opportunities are pointed out.
Exploring Next‐Generation Functional Organic Phase Change Composites
Authors: Yang Jie , Zhou Yi‐Cun , Yang Lu‐Yao , Feng Chang‐Ping , Bai Lu , Yang Ming‐Bo , Yang Wei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAs one of the main forms and intermediate carriers of energy, it is impressive to expand the application scope of heat energy, thereby boosting innovations in heat harvesting, conversion, storage, regulation, and utilization associated with the relevant techniques. Phase change materials (PCMs), as a state‐of‐the‐art latent heat storage technique, have garnered increasing interest in heat‐related applications over the past decades, and abundant high‐performance PCMs with excellent shape stability and salient thermal conductivity have been developed. This review focuses on the issues concerning organic PCMs from the perspectives of flexible, multifunctional, and smart phase change composites, along with emerging applications and processing technologies, which are expected to offer possible guidance for the exploration of next‐generation advanced functional phase change composites.
O‐Tailored Microstructure‐Engineered Interface toward Advanced Room Temperature All‐Solid‐State Na Batteries
Authors: Li Lin , Xu Ruonan , Zhang Long , Zhang Ziqi , Yang Meng , Liu Di , Yan Xinlin , Zhou Aijun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe severe parasitic interface reaction and dendrite growth retard the practical applications of all‐solid‐state (ASS) Na batteries with sulfide solid electrolytes (SEs). Here, a novel composite SE is proposed, with a high ionic conductivity, composed of Na3SbS4 (NSS) and oxysulfide glass. The study reveals that the P2S7‐aOa and PS4‐aOa units in oxysulfide play various roles: The former is deoxidized to release free O ions, which reacts with the anode via migrating to form oxides, favoring an improved interface stability. The latter is highly stable upon cycling, thereby maintaining an ion transport network. Meanwhile, NSS acts as a dendrite predator via reacting with penetrated Na. These advantages enable the resulting ASS Na battery with superior long‐term cycling performance at a high current density at room temperature, one of the best results so far. This discovery sheds light on innovative advanced SE materials through an oxysulfide‐based composite design.
Flexible 3D Nanonetworked Silica Film as a Polymer‐Free Drug‐Eluting Stent Platform to Effectively Suppress Tissue Hyperplasia in Rat Esophagus
Authors: Jeon Eunyoung , Kang Jeon Min , Bae Ga‐Hyun , Zeng Chu Hui , Shin Seungyong , Lee Byeongdu , Park Wooram , Park Jung‐Hoon , Lee Joonseok 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLoading and eluting drugs on self‐expandable metallic stents (SEMSs) can be challenging in terms of fabrication, mechanical stability, and therapeutic effects. In this study, a flexible 3D nanonetworked silica film (NSF) capable of withstanding mechanical stress during dynamic expansion is constructed to function as a drug delivery platform on an entire SEMS surface. Despite covering a broad curved area, the synthesized NSF is defect‐free and thin enough to increase the stent strut diameter (110 µm) by only 0.4 percent (110.45 µm). The hydrophobic modification of the surface enables loading of 4.7 times the sirolimus (SRL) concentration in NSF than Cypher, polymer‐coated commercial stent, which is based on the same thickness of coating layer. Furthermore, SRL‐loaded NSF exhibits a twofold delay in release compared to the control group without NSF. The SRL‐loaded NSF SEMS significantly suppresses stent‐induced tissue hyperplasia than the control SEMS in the rat esophagus (all variables, p < 0.05). Thus, the developed NSF is a promising polymer‐free drug delivery platform to efficiently treat esophageal stricture.
Study of Resistive Switching and Biodegradability in Ultralow Power Memory Device Based on All‐Inorganic Ag/AgBi2I7/ITO Structure
Authors: Yang Xiaoting , Zhong Shuai , Wang Ke , Ye Zhanhong , Zhang Ruoxuan , Wei Huanqi , Zhao Lirong , Li Wenping , Chen Yan , Cui Yimin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe cross‐compatibility of electronic devices and biomedicine has greatly promoted the new medical diagnosis and treatment technology. Developing biodegradable resistive random access memory device (ReRAM) with low power is key to biomedical application. In this paper, the all‐inorganic air‐stable and high‐quality AgBi2I7 perovskite‐like film is successfully prepared by introducing Ag+ into the Bi‐I system. The device has a higher ON/OFF ratio after annealing in NH3 compared with annealing in vacuum, and the switching behavior changes from gradual type to abrupt filamentary type. Meanwhile, ultralow power characteristic with the set power of 6.9 × 10–7 W (0.42V@1.6 × 10–6A) and the reset power of 1.5 × 10–8 W (1V@1.5 × 10–8A) is achieved in the Ag/AgBi2I7/ITO memory devices after annealing in NH3. Good biodegradability is affirmed via put Ag/AgBi2I7/ITO device in PBS solution. Results show that the Ag/AgBi2I7/ITO memory devices are the promising candidate in the field of biomedical application.
Enhanced Efficiency and Stability in Sb2S3 Seed Layer Buffered Sb2Se3 Solar Cells
Authors: Amin Al , Li Dian , Duan Xiaomeng , Vijayaraghavan S. N. , Menon Harigovind G. , Wall Jacob , Weaver Mark , Cheng Mark Ming‐Cheng , Zheng Yufeng , Li Lin , Yan Feng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAntimony selenide (Sb2Se3) has excellent directional optical and electronic behaviors due to its quasi‐1D nanoribbons structure. The photovoltaic performance of Sb2Se3 solar cells largely depends on the orientation of the nanoribbons. It is desired to grow these Sb2Se3 ribbons normal to the substrate to enhance photoexcited carrier transport. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a strategy for the vertical growth of Sb2Se3 nanoribbons to achieve high‐efficiency solar cells. Since antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) and Sb2Se3 are from the same space group (Pbnm) and have the same crystal structure, herein an ultrathin layer (≈20 nm) of Sb2S3 has been used to assist the vertical growth of Sb2Se3 nanoribbons to improve the overall efficiency of Sb2Se3 solar cell. The Sb2S3 thin layer deposited by the hydrothermal process helps the Sb2Se3 ribbons grow normal to the substrate and increases the efficiency from 5.65% to 7.44% through the improvement of all solar cell parameters. This work is expected to open a new direction to tailor the Sb2Se3 grain growth and further develop the Sb2Se3 solar cell in the future.
Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence with Sub‐Microsecond Short Exciton Lifetimes: Acceleration of Triplet–Singlet Spin Interconversion via Quadrupolar Charge‐Transfer States
Authors: Min Hyukgi , Park In Seob , Yasuda Takuma 
Published: May 2022

AbstractExciton lifetime is a critical factor in determining the performance of optoelectronic functional systems and devices. Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters that can concurrently achieve a high fluorescence quantum yield and short exciton lifetime are desirable for application in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) with suppressed efficiency roll‐off. Herein, phenoxaborin and xanthone‐cored TADF emitters with quadrupolar electronic structures are reported to exhibit sub‐microsecond TADF lifetimes as short as 650 and 970 ns, respectively, while preserving high fluorescence quantum yields. By extending the El‐Sayed rule to the quadrupolar π‐systems, the contribution of doubly degenerate charge‐transfer excited states induced by dual donor units can enhance the spin–orbit coupling between them, leading to a spin‐flip acceleration between the excited triplet and singlet states. This electronic feature is advantageous for mitigating exciton annihilation processes in the emission layer, thereby reducing the efficiency roll‐offs in OLEDs. Consequently, a high external electroluminescence quantum efficiency over 20% can be retained, even under operating the device at a high luminance of 1000 cd m−2.
Recent Developments in Functional Nanocomposite Photocatalysts for Wastewater Treatment: A Review
Authors: Li Na , Ma Jinming , Zhang Yaru , Zhang Lexin , Jiao Tifeng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe dyes and nitroaromatic pollutants from wastewater have attracted much attention due to their huge safety risks to human society. At present, nanomaterials as catalysts of photocatalytic degradation have emerged as attractive and effective materials for wastewater treatment. On the one hand, much work has been focused on the search for nanomaterials with high catalytic activity, such as precious metal nanoparticles (NPs) and other advanced functional materials (e.g. graphene oxide (GO), MXenes, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), etc.). On the other hand, modifications of existing photocatalysts to enhance their photocatalytic activity have also been explored. In this paper, photocatalysts in various dimensions (including precious metal nanoparticles, nanofibres, 2D nanosheets such as MXenes, and MOFs) are been described. The deposition of nano photocatalysts by different techniques such as the formation of hydrogel structures to immobilize the catalysts, the treatment of nanocatalysts using electrospinning technique, and the formation of core‐shell structures to enhance catalytic activity are also discussed. These techniques not only solve the aggregation of NPs due to their high surface energy but also impart unique properties to the nano photocatalysts. This review explores the synthesis of nano photocatalysts in different dimensions and their application in the catalytic degradation of dyes and nitro compounds, providing good leads for nano photocatalysts in materials design and environmental remediation.
Artificial intelligence‐based technology to make a three‐dimensional pelvic model for preoperative simulation of rectal cancer surgery using MRI
Authors: Hamabe Atsushi , Ishii Masayuki , Kamoda Rena , Sasuga Saeko , Okuya Koichi , Okita Kenji , Akizuki Emi , Miura Ryo , Korai Takahiro , Takemasa Ichiro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimA new technique that allows visualization of whole pelvic organs with high accuracy and usability is needed for preoperative simulation in advanced rectal cancer surgery. In this study, we developed an automated algorithm to create a three‐dimensional (3D) model from pelvic MRI using artificial intelligence (AI) technology.MethodsThis study included a total of 143 patients who underwent 3D MRI in a preoperative examination for rectal cancer. The training dataset included 133 patients, in which ground truth labels were created for pelvic vessels, nerves, and bone. A 3D variant of U‐net was used for the network architecture. Ten patients who underwent lateral lymph node dissection were used as a validation dataset. The correctness of the vascular labelling was assessed for pelvic vessels and the Dice similarity coefficients calculated for pelvic bone.ResultsAn automatic segmentation algorithm that extracts the artery, vein, nerve, and pelvic bone was developed, automatically producing a 3D image of the entire pelvis. The total time needed for segmentation was 133 seconds. The success rate of the AI‐based segmentation was 100% for the common and external iliac vessels, but the rates for the vesical vein (75%), superior gluteal vein (60%), or accessory obturator vein (63%) were suboptimal. Regarding pelvic bone, the average Dice similarity coefficient between manual and automatic segmentation was 0.97 (standard deviation 0.0043).ConclusionThough there is room to improve the segmentation accuracy, the algorithm developed in this study can be utilized for surgical simulation in the treatment of advanced rectal cancer.
RETRACTED: Population features of alleles and genotypes frequency distribution of polymorphic genetic markers of antipsychotic medications pharmacokinetics in the Kazakh population
Authors: Saduakassova Korlan Z. , Svyatova Gulnara S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe presented article is relevant, as the main goals of schizophrenia treatment are to achieve a response to psychopharmacotherapy, reduction and stabilization of psychopathological symptoms, qualitative remission, which in general implies the creation of a stable quality of life for the patient. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the population features of the frequency distribution of alleles and genotypes of polymorphic genetic variants of according to genome‐wide association studies analysis of pharmacokinetics‐associated antipsychotic medications, in an ethnically homogeneous Kazakh population. The research material was deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) isolated from the peripheral blood of 1,800 conditionally healthy persons of Kazakh nationality. DNA isolation was carried out by the magnetic polyvinyl alcohol magnetic particle separation method. The analysis of the frequency distribution of the studied genotypes in the Kazakh population showed their compliance with the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium for all studied polymorphisms (p > .05). The obtained results showed that CYP2C19 (rs4244285, rs4986893) polymorphisms occurs in Kazakhs significantly more often than European and a number of Asian populations, which significantly affects the decrease in effectiveness and increases the risk of side complications during therapy with antipsychotic medications in the Kazakh population.
Urgent and emergent breast lesions – A primer for the general radiologist, on‐call resident and sonographer
Authors: Bhatt Asha A. , Woodard Genevieve A. , Lee Christine U. , Hesley Gina K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThere are very few true breast emergencies. While infrequent, women do present to emergency departments or urgent care centres with breast‐related concerns. In this case‐based review, both common and uncommon urgent and emergent breast lesions are presented, emphasising ultrasound characteristics and imaging optimisation to improve accurate diagnosis and appropriate recommendations.
Anchoring Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots on Fe‐Doped W18O49 Nanowires for Efficient Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation
Authors: Dong Guojun , Huang Xiaojuan , Bi Yingpu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHerein, we demonstrate that the surface anchoring of black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) and bulk iron‐doping in W18O49 nanowires significantly promotes the photocatalytic activity toward N2 fixation into NH3. More specifically, a NH3 production rate of up to 187.6 μmol g−1 h−1 could be achieved, nearly one order of magnitude higher than that of pristine W18O49 (18.9 μmol g−1 h−1). Comprehensive experiments and density‐functional theory calculations reveal that Fe‐doping could enhance the reducing ability of photo‐generated electrons by decreasing the work function and elevating the defect band (d‐band) centers. Additionally, the surface BPQDs anchoring could facilitate the N2 adsorption/activation owing to the increased adsorption energy and advantaged W−P dimer bonding‐mode. Therefore, synergizing the surface BPQD anchoring and bulk Fe‐doping remarkably enhanced the photocatalytic activity of W18O49 nanowires for NH3 production.
Synthesis of W‐Phos Ligand and Its Application in the Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Addition of Linear Grignard Reagents to Ketones
Authors: Luo Wenjun , Zhang Li‐Ming , Zhang Zhan‐Ming , Zhang Junliang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe asymmetric catalytic addition of linear Grignard reagents to ketones has been a long‐standing challenge in organic synthesis. Herein, a novel family of PNP ligands (W‐Phos) was designed and applied in copper‐catalyzed asymmetric addition of linear Grignard reagents to aryl alkyl ketones, allowing facile access to versatile chiral tertiary alcohols in good to high yields with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 94 % yield, 96 % ee). The process can also be used to synthesize chiral allylic tertiary alcohols from more challenging α,β‐unsaturated ketones. Notably, the potential utility of this method is demonstrated in the gram‐scale synthesis and modification of various densely functionalized medicinally relevant molecules.
Fast Protein Modification in the Nanomolar Concentration Range Using an Oxalyl Amide as Latent Thioester**
Authors: Snella Benoît , Grain Benjamin , Vicogne Jérôme , Capet Frédéric , Wiltschi Birgit , Melnyk Oleg , Agouridas Vangelis 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe show that latent oxalyl thioester surrogates are a powerful means to modify peptides and proteins in highly dilute conditions in purified aqueous media or in mixtures as complex as cell lysates. Designed to be shelf‐stable reagents, they can be activated on demand to enable ligation reactions with peptide concentrations as low as a few hundred nM at rates approaching 30 M−1 s−1.
A Separation‐Sensing Platform Performing Accurate Diagnosis of Jaundice in Complex Biological Tear Fluids
Authors: Zhao Weidong , Li Jinming , Xue Zhenjie , Qiao Xuezhi , Li Ailin , Chen Xiangyu , Feng Yun , Yang Zhou , Wang Tie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe detection of biomarkers in tears has aroused great interest owing to the advantages of non‐invasive and rapid collection. The combination of ultrasensitivity and label‐free detection of surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) sensors is expected to achieve real‐time diagnosis in home medical care. However, the surface of SERS sensors is susceptible to biofouling and inactivation by biological impurities in tears, resulting in rapid degradation of sensitivity, limiting the commercialization of point‐of‐care devices. Herein, a binary nanosphere array with dual properties is constructed as a separation‐sensing platform for the diagnosis of target molecules in tears. The upper part of the structure is composed of Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) and a sputtering Au layer, which can bind the target molecules that interact with Au and provide high‐strength and high‐density SERS hotspots. The lower half is an inactive SiO2 nanosphere array with periodic large pores that allows biological impurities to penetrate the lower part and be separated from the target analyte. Furthermore, this substrate was integrated into homemade tear kits, enabling simultaneous tear collection, pre‐separation, and detection. Combined with the Raman spectra of tears and LDA analysis, we successfully identified patients with jaundice in clinics. This platform is expected to provide an opportunity for early disease screening based on biological fluids.
Synthesis and Isolation of a Kekulé Hydrocarbon with a Triplet Ground State
Authors: Shimizu Akihiro , Morikoshi Tetsuya , Sugisaki Kenji , Shiomi Daisuke , Sato Kazunobu , Takui Takeji , Shintani Ryo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDesign, synthesis, and isolation of a Kekulé hydrocarbon with a triplet ground state is described. Its triplet ground state was unambiguously confirmed by ESR experiments, and the structure and fundamental physical properties were also revealed. The key feature of the molecular design is the decrease in the bonding interaction in the singlet state by aromatic stabilization of benzene rings and the increase of the exchange interaction of unpaired electrons which are favorable for the triplet state. These results contribute to the development of hydrocarbon‐based organic magnetic materials.