bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Point-of-Care Ultrasound to Detect Acute Large Vessel Occlusions in Stroke Patients: A Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Habib Pardes , Dimitrov Ivaylo , Pinho João , Schürmann Kolja , Bach Jan Philipp , Wiesmann Martin , Schulz Jörg B. , Reich Arno , Nikoubashman Omid 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT:Background and purpose:A primary admission of patients with suspected acute ischemic stroke and large vessel occlusion (LVO) to centers capable of providing endovascular stroke therapy (EVT) may induce shorter time to treatment and better functional outcomes. One of the limitations in this strategy is the need for accurately identifying LVO patients in the prehospital setting. We aimed to study the feasibility and diagnostic performance of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) for the detection of LVO in patients with acute stroke.Methods:We conducted a proof-of-concept study and selected 15 acute ischemic stroke patients with angiographically confirmed LVO and 15 patients without LVO. Duplex ultrasonography (DUS) of the common carotid arteries was performed, and flow profiles compatible with LVO were scored independently by one experienced and one junior neurologist.Results:Among the 15 patients with LVO, 6 patients presented with an occlusion of the carotid-T and 9 patients presented with an M1 occlusion. Interobserver agreement between the junior and the experienced neurologist was excellent (kappa = 0.813, p < 0.001). Flow profiles of the CAA allowed the detection of LVO with a sensitivity of 73%, a positive predictive value of 92 and 100%, and a c-statistics of 0.83 (95%CI = 0.65–0.94) and 0.87 (95%CI = 0.69–0.94) (experienced neurologist and junior neurologist, respectively). In comparison with clinical stroke scales, DUS was associated with better trade-off between sensitivity and specificity.Conclusion:POCUS in acute stroke setting is feasible, it may serve as a complementary tool for the detection of LVO and is potentially applicable in the prehospital phase.
Establishing evidence-based pharmacologic treatments for neonatal abstinence syndrome: A retrospective case study
Authors: Brewer Sarah K. , Davis Jonathan M. , Singh Rachana , Welch Lisa C. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Translation of research discoveries into health impact can take many years, creating delays in improving clinical outcomes. One approach to promoting timely translation is to examine successful cases in order to understand facilitators and strategies for overcoming barriers. We examined the development of evidence-based management for neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) at one academic medical center, with a primary focus on pharmacologic treatment. Despite a substantial increase in NAS case incidence starting in the early 2000s, significant sociocultural, policy, and regulatory barriers limited collaborative NAS research. Facilitators for translation encompassed: 1) pursuing research of societal interest, 2) building an effective interdisciplinary team, 3) intentionally linking clinical, research, and advocacy efforts, 4) broad stakeholder engagement across clinical, policy, and research arenas, and 5) leveraging local resources. Challenges included lack of commercially available U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved neonatal drug formulations, legal and regulatory barriers related to off-label and illicit use of opioids, recruitment for a treatment associated with drug withdrawal syndromes, misalignment of research design needs with real-world scenarios, and episodic funding. Benefits of successful translation included improvements in clinical care, reduced healthcare costs related to NAS, and enhanced legislative, policy, and research strategies to support broader neonatal investigations.
Private Law and the New Social Question
Authors: Deakin Simon 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis review of Grundmann, Micklitz and Renner’s New Private Law Theory begins by noting its historical perspective, and the fruitfulness of setting alongside each other seminal writings of European jurists from the early twentieth century with the contributions of American law and economics and critical legal scholars from the late twentieth and early twenty-first. A century ago, legal scholarship was addressing the “social question:” How to accommodate private law to the demands of a rising working class? Today, steepening inequality and polarization have brought the social question, and with it class politics, back into view. Using as a case study the mass sackings engineered by the shipping company P&O in March 2022, we can see that today’s private law is deeply implicated in the generation of structural disadvantage. A private law more concerned with extracting and hiding wealth than creating it might be thought to have a limited future.
Reassessing growth and mortality estimates for the Ordovician trilobite Triarthrus eatoni
Authors: Pauly Daniel , Holmes James D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA length–frequency sample (n = 295) from a fossil population of the Ordovician trilobite Triarthrus eatoni Hall, 1838, assembled and analyzed by J. L. Cisne in 1973 is here reexamined using methods of length–frequency analysis commonly used in fishery science and marine biology. Theoretical considerations and the empirical data at hand suggest that the growth of T. eatoni was not “linear,” but asymptotic, as is the growth of most Recent marine invertebrates. The parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth function (L∞ = 41 mm, K = 0.29 yr−1) suggest that T. eatoni, which apparently lived in a challenging environment, grew somewhat more slowly than the extant marine isopod Ceratoserolis trilobitoides (Eights, 1833), used here as Recent analogue to T. eatoni. This trilobite probably lived up to 10 years, rather than the suggested 4 years, and its mortality rate was 15%–20% per year rather than 30%–40% per year. These represent the first estimates of trilobite absolute growth characteristics using methods known to accurately model growth in extant water-breathing ectotherms. These provide a baseline for trilobite growth that can be used to make inferences about growth in other species. The approach used here may also be applied to other trilobites for which suitable length–frequency data exist.
A critical review on applications of hyperspectral remote sensing in crop monitoring
Authors: Yu Huan , Kong Bo , Hou Yuting , Xu Xiaoyu , Chen Tao , Liu Xiangmeng 
Published: July 2022

SummaryNumerous technologies have contributed to the recent development of agriculture, especially the advancement in hyperspectral remote sensing (HRS) constituted a revolution in crop monitoring. The widespread use of HRS to obtain crop parameters suggests the need for a review of research advances in this area. HRS offers new theories and methods for studying crop parameters, but much work needs to be done both experimentally and theoretically before we can truly understand the physical and chemical processes that predict these crop parameters. The study focuses on the following elements: 1) The article provides a relatively comprehensive introduction to HRS and how it can be applied to crop monitoring; 2) Current state-of-the-art techniques are summarized and analyzed to inform further advances in crop monitoring; 3) Opportunities and challenges for crop monitoring applications using HRS are discussed, and future research is summarized. Finally, through a comprehensive discussion and analysis, the article proposes new directions for using HRS to study crop characteristics, such as new data mining techniques including deep learning provide opportunities for efficient processing of large amounts of HRS data; combining the temporal and dynamic characteristics of crop parameters and vegetation growth processes will greatly improve the accuracy of crop parameter detection and monitoring; multidata fusion and multiscale data assimilation will become HRS monitoring. Multidata fusion and multiscale data assimilation will become another research hotspot for HRS monitoring of crop parameters.
Brain age and cognitive functioning in first-episode bipolar disorder
Authors: Chakrabarty Trisha , Frangou Sophia , Torres Ivan J. , Ge Ruiyang , Yatham Lakshmi N. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is significant heterogeneity in cognitive function in patients with bipolar I disorder (BDI); however, there is a dearth of research into biological mechanisms that might underlie cognitive heterogeneity, especially at disease onset. To this end, this study investigated the association between accelerated or delayed age-related brain structural changes and cognition in early-stage BDI.MethodsFirst episode patients with BDI (n = 80) underwent cognitive assessment to yield demographically normed composite global and domain-specific scores in verbal memory, non-verbal memory, working memory, processing speed, attention, and executive functioning. Structural magnetic resonance imaging data were also collected from all participants and subjected to machine learning to compute the brain-predicted age difference (brainPAD), calculated by subtracting chronological age from age predicted by neuroimaging data (positive brainPAD values indicating age-related acceleration in brain structural changes and negative values indicating delay). Patients were divided into tertiles based on brainPAD values, and cognitive performance compared amongst tertiles with ANCOVA.ResultsPatients in the lowest (delayed) tertile of brainPAD values (brainPAD range −17.9 to −6.5 years) had significantly lower global cognitive scores (p = 0.025) compared to patients in the age-congruent tertile (brainPAD range −5.3 to 2.4 yrs), and significantly lower verbal memory scores (p = 0.001) compared to the age-congruent and accelerated (brainPAD range 2.8 to 16.1 yrs) tertiles.ConclusionThese results provide evidence linking cognitive dysfunction in the early stage of BDI to apparent delay in typical age-related brain changes. Further studies are required to assess how age-related brain changes and cognitive functioning evolve over time.
The “staying alive” theory reinforces stereotypes and shows women's lower quality of life
Authors: Szocik Konrad 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Staying alive theory explains why women have more effective self-protective mechanisms in terms of woman's role as a mother and caregiver. This theory reinforces stereotypes and the relationship of oppression and submission to men. Somewhat paradoxically, it also points to women's lower quality of life, which may be explained by their greater fear of threats caused by men's power.
Societies also prioritize female survival
Authors: Bleske-Rechek April , Deaner Robert O. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We extend Benenson et al.'s hypothesis from the individual level to the societal level. Because women have highly limited reproductive rates, societies have generally prioritized female survival and regarded males as expendable. We describe various lines of evidence that are consistent with this hypothesis, and we offer additional predictions about differential attitudes toward male versus female endangerment.
The offline and online effects of processing instruction
Authors: Henry Nick 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe present study investigated the effects of processing instruction (PI) on the acquisition of accusative case markers in German, focusing on whether PI influences learners’ online processing behaviors. Third and fourth semester L1 English-L2 German learners were divided into two groups: a traditional instruction (TI) group and a PI group. Participants completed offline sentence interpretation and production tasks, as well as a self-paced reading (SPR) task, which provides a detailed investigation of how PI alters processing strategies. Results showed that the PI group outperformed the TI group on the sentence interpretation task and matched their performance on the production task. The SPR task revealed that, in some conditions, the PI group showed increased attention to and processing of accusative case markers after training, while the TI group did not. The results provide some support for the claim that PI is effective because it alters learners’ processing strategies.
Microbiota in anorexia nervosa: potential for treatment
Authors: Landini Linda , Dadson Prince , Gallo Fabrizio , Honka Miikka-Juhani , Cena Hellas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAnorexia nervosa (AN) is characterised by the restriction of energy intake in relation to energy needs and a significantly lowered body weight than normally expected, coupled with an intense fear of gaining weight. Treatment of AN is currently based on psychological and refeeding approaches, but their efficacy remains limited since 40% of patients after 10 years of medical care still present symptoms of AN. The intestine hosts a large community of microorganisms, called the “microbiota”, which live in symbiosis with the human host. The gut microbiota of a healthy human is dominated by bacteria from two phyla:Firmicutesand, majorly,Bacteroidetes. However, the proportion in their representation differs on an individual basis and depends on many external factors including medical treatment, geographical location and hereditary, immunological and lifestyle factors. Drastic changes in dietary intake may profoundly impact the composition of the gut microbiota, and the resulting dysbiosis may play a part in the onset and/or maintenance of comorbidities associated with AN, such as gastrointestinal disorders, anxiety and depression, as well as appetite dysregulation. Furthermore, studies have reported the presence of atypical intestinal microbial composition in patients with AN compared with healthy normal-weight controls. This review addresses the current knowledge about the role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and treatment of AN. The review also focuses on the bidirectional interaction between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system (microbiota–gut–brain axis), considering the potential use of the gut microbiota manipulation in the prevention and treatment of AN.
The Disciple of the Yogini “Swallowed up” by the Tiger: Asceticism and Eremitic Life in Indian Painting
Authors: HUREL ROSELYNE 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe long tradition of asceticism in India has an extensive iconography. It usually represents a poor and emaciated man, living on his own, occasionally with wild animals for company. Hindu and Muslim art and literature contain many such scenes, but female ascetics or yoginis only rarely appear. However, there is a seventeenth-century miniature in the Rietberg Museum which depicts the well-known subject of a young disciple visiting her guru. Seated together in a landscape in front of a thatched hut, they are surrounded by precisely painted Ustad Mansur-style flora and fauna. It was customary practice in Indian workshops for artists to copy original works by their masters, and to make versions using a stencil or charba. This particular miniature has been recreated several times. In the earliest, the two yoginis are placed in the same setting with their modest possessions. The topos remained popular until the end of the eighteenth century when a change occurred: the disciple of the old yogini disappeared, having been “swallowed up” by a tiger. Instead of two mystics talking together, the scene depicted is that of a tiger near a hermit, a typical Ragamala image known as Bengali Ragini. These new compositions were readily acquired by European collectors. A final version also exists that derives from the original Mughal topos which depicts the three: hermit, tiger, and…disciple.
Bihzad's Lost Album
Authors: ADAMOVA A.T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article1 suggests that some works in the muraqqa' of Bahram Mirza (Shah Tahmasp's brother) in 951/1544-45 (Istanbul, Topkapı Palace Library, H. 2154) may have come from the well-known album compiled and decorated by Bihzad, from which only the preface by Khvandamir remains. Dust Muhammad (the calligrapher) thus included the works of Bihzad that had previously been part of Bihzad's album, together with their captions, in Bahram Mirza's muraqqa'. In working on his album, Dust Muhammad followed the style of Bihzad, adding the inscriptions to the unsigned works in the same handwriting in similarly decorated panels. It suggests that Bahram Mirza's muraqqa' follows the same arrangement as that compiled earlier by Bihzad, which was probably one of Bihzad's most important works of the Safavid period when he worked in the court workshop of Shah Tahmasp in Tabriz.
“Showing Up America”: Performing Race and Nation in Britain Before the First World War
Authors: Defrates Lewis 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article examines American travel and performance in Britain in the decades prior to the First World War, arguing that the expression of nationality in this transatlantic context played a profound role in formulating both America’s dominant culture and a culture of opposition advanced by African American performers. It explores this “oppositional” culture in detail, focusing on the transatlantic work of Ida B. Wells and the Fisk Jubilee Singers. Both found a sympathetic audience across the Atlantic at a time of increased repression at home. British support opened new avenues for these activists, but also limited the rhetorical possibilities of their work. By bringing into conversation previously separate historiographies on early waves of “Americanization,” the transnational dimensions of various reform movements and the international formation of the Black Atlantic, it illustrates the economic, infrastructural, and racial inequalities that shaped the United States’ emerging national culture.
The Prevalence and Implications of Gender Blindness in Quantitative Political Science Research
Authors: Forman-Rabinovici Aliza , Mandel Hadas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe topic of gender blindness is increasingly gaining the attention of researchers. Even in fields that do not commonly engage with gender, gender blindness has been recognized as a factor that has potential to limit the validity of research findings. This article explores the prevalence and implications of gender blindness in quantitative research for political science outcomes. We first reanalyze three articles recently published in the American Journal of Political Science (AJPS) to illustrate the impact of gender blindness on quantitative research. Next, we classify all articles with quantitative methodology published in the AJPS in 2018 and 2019 by the degree of gender blindness in the research design. Our findings demonstrate how gender blindness impacts outcomes and estimate its prevalence in political science. They show that accounting for gender yields more accurate results and facilitates a better understanding of political behavior and phenomena.
Markets, repugnance, and externalities
Authors: Krawiec Kimberly D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis Article considers one aspect of the ongoing debate about the moral limits of markets – namely, the purported harmful effects of market transactions on particular relations, goods, services, or society at large, due to an inappropriate valuation. In other words, the argument is that some markets are ‘repugnant’ because they degrade and corrupt a variety of nonmarket values and relations, not just to the willing parties to the exchange, but to larger segments of society. This objection contains both a (frequently unacknowledged) empirical component and a moral component. This Article critiques these empirical claims on two grounds. First, market skeptics fail to provide evidence of the negative effects they hypothesize, despite widespread variation over time and across legal regimes. Second, these objections fail to account for the well-documented human tendency to fashion repugnant exchanges in a manner that reinforces – rather than undermines – deeply held values and relationships.
Looking Forward Through and Beyond the Western Classics of International Law
Authors: DE LA RASILLA Ignacio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe study of the Western classics of international law with Francisco de Vitoria and Hugo Grotius at its core is the foundational stone on which the whole edifice of today's ever-expanding history of international law was built upon. The article provides a gateway to Vitoria and Grotius's significance for international law and its history by providing a tenfold list of attributes of what makes a classic of international law. It then examines the rise to pre-eminence of the study of the classics of international law and surveys the main methodological responses addressed to correcting the historiographical blind spots and large gaps in legal history that the privileging of these Western “great men” have triggered. The conclusion recaps the importance of looking forward through, but also beyond, the deeply West-centric and male-dominated intellectual canon of international law in an international order the centre of gravity of which is inexorably moving eastwards.
Variable Phase Relationship Between Monsoon and Temperature in East Asia During Termination II Revealed by Oxygen and Clumped Isotopes of a Northern Chinese Stalagmite
Authors: Duan Wuhui , Wang Xu , Tan Ming , Cui Linlin , Wang Xuefeng , Xiao Zhengyi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTermination II (T‐II) is a natural reference for evaluating the potential effect of substantial ice sheets melting on monsoon and temperature changes caused by global warming. However, the phase relationship of East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and temperature during T‐II remains enigmatic due to the lack of paleotemperature proxies. Here, we provide high‐resolution mean annual atmospheric temperature (MAAT) estimates during T‐II in northern China using speleothem clumped isotopes. Compared with present, the maximum MAAT at the last interglacial was 1.8 ± 1.5°C higher, and the minimum MAAT at the penultimate glaciation was 6.8 ± 1.3°C lower. EASM and temperature decoupled during the first 2100 years of the record and coupled onwards. This variable phase relationship is plausibly modified by the strength of the cold anomaly in North Atlantic triggered by collapse of ice sheets. When the cold anomaly exceeds a boundary condition, it could not only weaken EASM but also lower temperature.
Analysis of the Configuration Relationship Between the Morphological Characteristics of Lightning Channels and the Charge Structure Based on the Localization of VHF Radiation Sources
Authors: Li YuRui , Zhang Yang , Zhang YiJun , Krehbiel Paul R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe lightning channel morphology is closely related to developmental processes, which depends on the charge structure. There is currently a lack of understanding of how lightning channel morphology reveals developmental characteristics and charge structure. Based on the Lightning mapping array radiation source localization data of six lightning flashes, we studied the lightning channel morphology characterization method and obtained the spatial distribution of the fractal dimension (FD). We found that the fractal distribution had a consistent spatial and temporal correspondence with the channel development characteristics. Compared to regions with unidirectional extended channels, regions with more channel branches or direction change of channel development have a larger FD and a higher power density, where horizontal channel development is accelerated. These correspondence features reflect the inhomogeneous presence of pocket charge, which provides a new method to use lightning morphology information to reveal the characteristics of charge level distribution within thunderstorm clouds.