bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Undulatory Underwater Kick Performance Determinants and Underwater Velocity in Competitive Swimmers: A Systematic Review
Authors: West Rani , Lorimer Anna , Pearson Simon , Keogh Justin W. L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundUndulatory underwater swimming (UUS) has become an integral component of the start and turn phases in competitive swimming allowing higher velocities than can be achieved swimming at the surface. An understanding of the most important determinants for UUS performance and how these can be optimised to different swimmers is poorly understood.ObjectiveThe aim of this systematic review was to systematically assess the current peer-reviewed literature on the relationship between UUS performance determinants and underwater velocity in competitive swimmers.MethodsAn electronic search using AusSportMed, Embase, PubMed, SPORTDiscus and Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming was performed. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated using a biomechanics-specific checklist developed by Hindle and colleagues (Sports Med Open. 5(1):49, 2019.10.1186/s40798-019-0222-z).ResultsTwenty-five studies met the eligibility criteria. While UUS velocity was nearly perfectly related (r > 0.90) to foot resultant acceleration and kick frequency, several other biomechanical factors were also significant correlates. UUS velocity and frequency were typically higher in high-performance swimmers and during prone versus dorsal positions. UUS velocity, kick frequency and kick amplitude were also significantly correlated with high angular velocities of the hip, knee and ankle joints and knee range of motion.ConclusionWhile there appears to be evidence supporting some performance variables to be related to UUS, future research should examine how to optimise the kinematic and kinetic characteristics with respect to the imposed task constraints and organism constraints between swimmers. Additional research should also investigate the effect of biomechanically informed interventions to improve UUS performance.RegistrationOpen Science Framework.
Persistence of African swine fever virus on porous and non-porous fomites at environmental temperatures
Authors: Nuanualsuwan Suphachai , Songkasupa Tapanut , Boonpornprasert Prakit , Suwankitwat Nutthakarn , Lohlamoh Walaiporn , Nuengjamnong Chackrit 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundAfrican swine fever (ASF) is a lethal contagious disease affecting both domestic pigs and wild boars. Even though it is a non-zoonotic disease, ASF causes economic loss in swine industries across continents. ASF control and eradication are almost impossible since effective vaccines and direct antiviral treatment are not available. The persistence of ASFV on fomites plays an important role in the indirect transmission of ASFV to pigs encountering ASFV-contaminated fomites. ASFV persistence on porous and non-porous fomites (glass, metal, rubber, and cellulose paper) at different environmental temperatures was determined. The persistence of ASFV of fomites was determined by the rate of ASFV inactivation in terms ofDT,or the time required to reduce ASFV per 1 log at each selected environmental temperature (T).DTis used to compare the persistence of ASFV on the fomites.ResultsThe meanD25,D33, andD42, of dried infectious ASFV on glass, metal, rubber, and paper were in the ranges 1.42–2.42, 0.72–1.94, and 0.07–0.23 days, respectively. The multipleDTwere used to develop aDTmodel to predict theDTfor some other environmental temperatures. TheDTmodels to predict the persistence of dried infectious ASFV on glass, metal, rubber, and paper are logDT = (− T/21.51) + 1.34, logDT = (− T/20.42) + 1.47, logDT = (− T/14.91) + 2.03, and logDT = (− T/10.91) + 2.84, respectively. A spreadsheet as a quick and handy tool predicting the persistence time of dried infectious ASFV on fomites at various environmental temperatures based on theseDTmodels is available for public to download.ConclusionPersistence of dried infectious ASFV on paper are significantly the longest at lower environmental temperatures whereas that of dried infectious ASFV on paper is significantly the shortest at higher environmental temperature.
Medaka, Oryzias latipes, egg envelopes are created by ovarian-expressed ZP proteins and liver-expressed choriogenins
Authors: Birk Devun S. , Onose Shinji , Kinoshita Masato , Murata Kenji 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe medaka (Oryzias latipes) egg envelope (chorion) is composed of three major glycoproteins, Zona Interna (ZI)-1, -2, and -3, that originate in the spawning female liver as the precursor proteins Choriogenin (Chg.)H, Chg.Hm, and Chg.L, respectively. These ZI and Chg. proteins contain a structural ZP protein domain that is conserved among the egg envelope proteins of all animals. While ovarian expression of ZP proteins (e.g., ZPCs and ZPB) has been reported in medakas, the functions of these proteins remain unknown. Thus, the present study aimed to determine whether the ovary-expressed medaka ZP protein, mZPC5, is involved in forming the chorion matrix.The mZPC5 gene (mzpc5) was expressed in the ovaries but not the livers of mature female medakas, as shown by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays with mzpc5-specific primers. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that ovarian mzpc5 expression was restricted to the ooplasm of early (stage I–III) previtellogenic oocytes, and its expression signal weakened with oocyte growth. Following sodium-dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blotting analysis with anti-mZPC5 antibodies, two immunoreactive proteins were detected in the ovary and chorion extracts. These proteins were approximately 50 and 74 kDa in size, like ZI-3 and ZI-2, respectively.Immunohistochemical assays using anti-mZPC5 and anti-Chg.H antibodies localized the mZPC5 protein in the ooplasm of early previtellogenic oocytes. With oocyte growth, mZPC5 tended to accumulate in the chorion, co-localizing with Chg.H.We previously showed that ovary-expressed ZP proteins could not compensate for Chg.L function loss in gene knock-out (chg.l -/-) medakas. As in our previous study, the chg.l-/- females produced oocytes with thin chorions, resulting in infertile soft eggs. However, in the present study, mZPC5 and Chg.H were co-localized in the chg.l-/- chorions. These results suggested that in the medaka previtellogenic oocyte, 1) mZPC5 is secreted from the ooplasm and deposited on the outer surface of its plasma membrane, creating the thin chorion layer; and 2) following the accumulation of liver-derived Chgs., the 3D structure of the chorion matrix is formed cooperatively with mZPC5 and Chgs. during oogenesis. More research is needed to confirm the functions of mZPC5 in chorion structure and physiology.
Iliopsoas abscess in patients receiving hemodialysis: a case series and a literature survey
Authors: Oshida Takuma , Yoshida Tadashi , Itoh Hiroshi , Oya Mototsugu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Iliopsoas abscess is a relatively rare but serious infectious disease. Infectious disease is one of the major causes of death among patients receiving hemodialysis for end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

Case presentation
We experienced three cases of iliopsoas abscess in patients receiving hemodialysis. The infection route was distinct in each case. A 79-year-old woman with ESRD due to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease exhibited bilateral iliopsoas abscesses caused by bacterial contamination during a lumbar epidural block procedure. A 60-year-old woman with ESRD due to diabetic nephropathy was diagnosed as having an iliopsoas abscess, caused by the direct invasion of bacteria from a renal abscess. A 78-year-old woman who started hemodialysis because of nephrosclerosis developed an iliopsoas abscess caused by the hematogenous spread of bacteria from emphysematous cystitis. All three cases were treated with antibiotics and/or percutaneous drainage. A survey of published reports suggested that iliopsoas abscess can be caused by infection through a variety of routes in hemodialysis patients.

Conclusion
Because hemodialysis patients are at a high risk of infection because of their immunocompromised state, physicians should pay close attention to infection prevention. If iliopsoas abscess is suspected, examinations such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and blood culture sampling should be conducted promptly, followed by appropriate treatment with antibiotics and/or drainage.
Effects of individual and dyadic decision-making and normative reference on delay discounting decisions
Authors: Schwenke Diana , Wehner Peggy , Scherbaum Stefan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe tendency to devaluate delayed rewards, a phenomenon referred to as ‘discounting behaviour’, has been studied by wide-ranging research examining individuals choosing between sooner but smaller or later but larger rewards. Despite the fact that many real-life choices are embedded in a social context, the question of whether or not social collaboration can have an impact on such choices has not been addressed empirically. With this research, we aimed to fill this gap experimentally by implementing a novel choice selection procedure in order to study the interactive dynamics between two participants. This selection procedure allowed us to dissect the sequence of decision-making into its elements, starting from the very first individual preference to the solution of possible conflicting preferences in the dyad. In Experiment 1, we studied group decision-making on classical intertemporal choices to reveal the possible benefit of social collaboration on discounting and identified that the knowledge of the social situation in collective decision-making causes a reduction in discounting. In a pre-registered Experiment 2, we compared classical intertemporal choices with choices in a gamified version of a discounting paradigm in which the participants had a real-time experience trial by trial and for which a normative reference was present. We found that collective decision-making had a substantial impact on intertemporal decision-making, but was shaped by different types of choices. Classical intertemporal choices were rather susceptible to the contextual factors of decision-making, whereas in the gamified version that included a normative reference the decisions were reliably influenced by social collaboration and resulted in a lower discounting. The results in this paradigm replicate our original findings from former research.
The microbial environment modulates non-genetic maternal effects on egg immunity
Authors: van Veelen H. Pieter J. , Salles Joana Falcão , Matson Kevin D. , van Doorn G. Sander , van der Velde Marco , Tieleman B. Irene 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn a diverse microbial world immune function of animals is essential. Diverse microbial environments may contribute to extensive variation in immunological phenotypes of vertebrates, among and within species and individuals. As maternal effects benefit offspring development and survival, whether females use cues about their microbial environment to prime offspring immune function is unclear. To provide microbial environmental context to maternal effects, we asked if the bacterial diversity of the living environment of female zebra finchesTaeniopygia guttatashapes maternal effects on egg immune function. We manipulated environmental bacterial diversity of birds and tested if females increased immunological investment in eggs in an environment with high bacterial diversity (untreated soil) versus low (gamma-sterilized soil). We quantified lysozyme and ovotransferrin in egg albumen and IgY in egg yolk and in female blood, and we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to profile maternal cloacal and eggshell microbiotas.ResultsWe found a maternal effect on egg IgY concentration that reflected environmental microbial diversity: females who experienced high diversity deposited more IgY in their eggs, but only if maternal plasma IgY levels were relatively high. We found no effects on lysozyme and ovotransferrin concentrations in albumen. Moreover, we uncovered that variation in egg immune traits could be significantly attributed to differences among females: for IgY concentration in yolk repeatabilityR = 0.80; for lysozyme concentration in albumenR = 0.27. Furthermore, a partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) linking immune parameters of females and eggs, which included maternal and eggshell microbiota structures and female body condition, recapitulated the treatment-dependent yolk IgY response. The PLS-PM additionally suggested that the microbiota and physical condition of females contributed to shaping maternal effects on egg immune function, and that (non-specific) innate egg immunity was prioritized in the environment with low bacterial diversity.ConclusionsThe microbial environment of birds can shape maternal effects on egg immune function. Since immunological priming of eggs benefits offspring, we highlight that non-genetic maternal effects on yolk IgY levels based on cues from the parental microbial environment may prove important for offspring to thrive in the microbial environment that they are expected to face.
Imaging three-dimensional brain organoid architecture from meso- to nanoscale across development
Authors: Rodriguez-Gatica Juan Eduardo , Iefremova Vira , Sokhranyaeva Liubov , Yeung Si Wah Christina Au , Breitkreuz Yannik , Brüstle Oliver , Schwarz Martin Karl , Kubitscheck Ulrich 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Organoids are stem cell-derived three-dimensional cultures offering a new avenue to model human development and disease. Brain organoids allow the study of various aspects of human brain development in the finest details in vitro in a tissue-like context. However, spatial relationships of subcellular structures, such as synaptic contacts between distant neurons, are hardly accessible by conventional light microscopy. This limitation can be overcome by systems that quickly image the entire organoid in three dimensions and in super-resolution. To that end we have developed a system combining tissue expansion and light-sheet fluorescence microscopy for imaging and quantifying diverse spatial parameters during organoid development. This technique enables zooming from a mesoscopic perspective into super-resolution within a single imaging session, thus revealing cellular and subcellular structural details in three spatial dimensions, including unequivocal delineation of mitotic cleavage planes as well as the alignment of pre- and postsynaptic proteins. We expect light-sheet fluorescence expansion microscopy to facilitate qualitative and quantitative assessment of organoids in developmental and disease-related studies.
The fetal lineage is susceptible to Zika virus infection within days of fertilization
Authors: Watts Jennifer L. , Ralston Amy 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Adults contracting Zika virus (ZIKV) typically exhibit mild symptoms, yet ZIKV infection of pregnant individuals can cause miscarriage or birth defects in their offspring. Many studies have focused on maternal-to-fetal ZIKV transmission via blood and placenta. Notably, however, ZIKV is also transmitted sexually, raising the possibility that ZIKV could infect the embryo shortly after fertilization, long before the placenta is established. Here, we evaluate the consequences of ZIKV infection in mouse embryos during the first few days of embryogenesis. We show that divergent strains of ZIKV can infect the fetal lineage and can cause developmental arrest, raising concern for the developmental consequences of sexual ZIKV transmission.
This article has an associated ‘The people behind the papers’ interview.
Rapid and robust directed differentiation of mouse epiblast stem cells into definitive endoderm and forebrain organoids
Authors: Medina-Cano Daniel , Corrigan Emily K. , Glenn Rachel A. , Islam Mohammed T. , Lin Yuan , Kim Juliet , Cho Hyunwoo , Vierbuchen Thomas 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) is a powerful model system for deconstructing embryonic development. Although mice are the most advanced mammalian model system for genetic studies of embryonic development, state-of-the-art protocols for directed differentiation of mouse PSCs into defined lineages require additional steps and generates target cell types with lower purity than analogous protocols for human PSCs, limiting their application as models for mechanistic studies of development. Here, we examine the potential of mouse epiblast stem cells cultured in media containing Wnt pathway inhibitors as a starting point for directed differentiation. As a proof of concept, we focused our efforts on two specific cell/tissue types that have proven difficult to generate efficiently and reproducibly from mouse embryonic stem cells: definitive endoderm and neural organoids. We present new protocols for rapid generation of nearly pure definitive endoderm and forebrain-patterned neural organoids that model the development of prethalamic and hippocampal neurons. These differentiation models present new possibilities for combining mouse genetic tools with in vitro differentiation to characterize molecular and cellular mechanisms of embryonic development.
Arih2 regulates Hedgehog signaling through smoothened ubiquitylation and ER-associated degradation
Authors: Lv Bo , Zhang Xiao-Ou , Pazour Gregory J. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
During Hedgehog signaling, the ciliary levels of Ptch1 and Smo are regulated by the pathway. At the basal state, Ptch1 localizes to cilia and prevents the ciliary accumulation and activation of Smo. Upon binding a Hedgehog ligand, Ptch1 exits cilia, relieving inhibition of Smo. Smo then concentrates in cilia, becomes activated and activates downstream signaling. Loss of the ubiquitin E3 ligase Arih2 elevates basal Hedgehog signaling, elevates the cellular level of Smo and increases basal levels of ciliary Smo. Mice express two isoforms of Arih2 with Arih2α found primarily in the nucleus and Arih2β found on the cytoplasmic face of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Re-expression of ER-localized Arih2β but not nuclear-localized Arih2α rescues the Arih2 mutant phenotypes. When Arih2 is defective, protein aggregates accumulate in the ER and the unfolded protein response is activated. Arih2β appears to regulate the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) of Smo preventing excess and potentially misfolded Smo from reaching the cilium and interfering with pathway regulation.
Synthesis, Structures, and Redox Behavior of Methyl-Substituted Derivatives of Thiophene-Inserted [3]Dendralene with Redox-Active 1,3-Dithiol-2-ylidene Units
Authors: Ito Toshiki , Ueda Masafumi , Fujisaki Masahiro , Yoshimura Aya , Shirahata Takashi , Misaki Yohji 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Several derivatives of 1,3-dithiole[3]dendralene with one thiophene spacer (1) were newly prepared. X-ray structure analysis of the hexamethyl-1 (1Aa) revealed that 1Aa adopts a structure with significant distortion between the central 1,3-dithiole (DT) ring and the thiophene ring. Cyclic voltammograms of all the derivatives were composed of three pairs of one-electron redox waves in correspondence with the presence of three redox-active DT rings. The results of cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemistry indicated that a positive charge in 1Aa•+ is mainly delocalized on the vinyl-extended tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) moiety, while two positive charges in 1Aa2+ are mainly distributed on the thiophene-inserted TTF moiety. X-ray structure analysis revealed that two-electron oxidation of 1Aa with (4-BrC6H4)3N•+SbCl6− gradually facilitated the formation of a dicationic species of its chlorinated product.
A living mapping review for COVID-19 funded research projects: 15 month update
Authors: Bucher Adrian , Antonio Emilia , Grund Henrike , Jabin Nusrat , Jones Chantel , Kifle Meron , Khader Susan , Boily-Larouche Genevieve , Lay Morgan , Norton Alice 
Published: July 2022

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in an unprecedented research response, demonstrating exceptional examples of rapid research and collaboration. There has however been an ongoing need for greater coordination, with limited resources for research and the shifting global nature of the pandemics. Methods: The UK Collaborative on Development Research (UKCDR) and Global Research Collaboration for Infectious Disease Preparedness (GloPID-R), two funder coordination groups have collaborated to develop a live database of funded research projects across the world relating to COVID-19. Drawing data continually from their members and further global funding bodies, as of 15th October 2021 the database contains 13,484 projects, funded by 285 funders, taking place across 156 countries representing an investment of at least $5.1 billion. To our knowledge it is one of the most comprehensive databases. The database is aligned to the World Health Organisation and GloPID-R Global Research Roadmap: 2019 Novel Coronavirus. It is being used by the WHO, governments and multi-lateral policy makers, research funders and researchers. This living mapping review aims to supplement the database by providing an open accessible and frequently updated resource summarising the characteristics of the COVID-19 funded research portfolio. Both descriptive and thematic analysis will be presented and updated frequently to aid interpretation of the global COVID-19 funded research portfolio. Results: In this version six analysis we provide an updated detailed descriptive analysis of the database (on data from three months after version five) and focus our thematic analysis on research gaps, research areas in need of coordination, study populations and research locations (with a focus on resource-limited countries). Conclusions: As the global funding response to COVID-19 plateaus, this living mapping review helps both funders and researchers to prioritise resources to areas where there is continued unmet research need.