bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Prediction Model for Brain Glioma Image Segmentation Based on the Theory of Bose-Einstein Condensate
Authors: Zhang Tian Chi , Zhang Jing , Chen Shou Cun , Saada Bacem 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe input image of a blurry glioma image segmentation is, usually, very unclear. It is difficult to obtain the accurate contour line of image segmentation. The main challenge facing the researchers is to correctly determine the area where the points on the contour line belong to the glioma image. This article highlights the mechanism of formation of glioma and provides an image segmentation prediction model to assist in the accurate division of glioma contour points. The proposed prediction model of segmentation associated with the process of the formation of glioma is innovative and challenging. Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) is a microscopic quantum phenomenon in which atoms condense to the ground state of energy as the temperature approaches absolute zero. In this article, we propose a BEC kernel function and a novel prediction model based on the BEC kernel to detect the relationship between the process of the BEC and the formation of a brain glioma. Furthermore, the theoretical derivation and proof of the prediction model are given from micro to macro through quantum mechanics, wave, oscillation of glioma, and statistical distribution of laws. The prediction model is a distinct segmentation model that is guided by BEC theory for blurry glioma image segmentation.ResultsOur approach is based on five tests. The first three tests aimed at confirming the measuring range of T and μ in the BEC kernel. The results are extended from −10 to 10, approximating the standard range to T ≤ 0, and μ from 0 to 6.7. Tests 4 and 5 are comparison tests. The comparison in Test 4 was based on various established cluster methods. The results show that our prediction model in image evaluation parameters of P, R, and F is the best amongst all the existent ten forms except for only one reference with the mean value of F that is between 0.88 and 0.93, while our approach returns between 0.85 and 0.99. Test 5 aimed to further compare our results, especially with CNN (Convolutional Neural Networks) methods, by challenging Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS) and clinic patient datasets. Our results were also better than all reference tests. In addition, the proposed prediction model with the BEC kernel is feasible and has a comparative validity in glioma image segmentation.ConclusionsTheoretical derivation and experimental verification show that the prediction model based on the BEC kernel can solve the problem of accurate segmentation of blurry glioma images. It demonstrates that the BEC kernel is a more feasible, valid, and accurate approach than a lot of the recent year segmentation methods. It is also an advanced and innovative model of prediction deducing from micro BEC theory to macro glioma image segmentation.
Prediction of MYCN Amplification, 1p and 11q Aberrations in Pediatric Neuroblastoma via Pre-therapy 18F-FDG PET/CT Radiomics
Authors: Qian Luodan , Yang Shen , Zhang Shuxin , Qin Hong , Wang Wei , Kan Ying , Liu Lei , Li Jixia , Zhang Hui , Yang Jigang 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThis study aimed to assess the predictive ability of 18F-FDG PET/CT radiomic features for MYCN, 1p and 11q abnormalities in NB.MethodOne hundred and twenty-two pediatric patients (median age 3. 2 years, range, 0.2–9.8 years) with NB were retrospectively enrolled. Significant features by multivariable logistic regression were retained to establish a clinical model (C_model), which included clinical characteristics. 18F-FDG PET/CT radiomic features were extracted by Computational Environment for Radiological Research. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to select radiomic features and build models (R-model). The predictive performance of models constructed by clinical characteristic (C_model), radiomic signature (R_model), and their combinations (CR_model) were compared using receiver operating curves (ROCs). Nomograms based on the radiomic score (rad-score) and clinical parameters were developed.ResultsThe patients were classified into a training set (n = 86) and a test set (n = 36). Accordingly, 6, 8, and 7 radiomic features were selected to establish R_models for predicting MYCN, 1p and 11q status. The R_models showed a strong power for identifying these aberrations, with area under ROC curves (AUCs) of 0.96, 0.89, and 0.89 in the training set and 0.92, 0.85, and 0.84 in the test set. When combining clinical characteristics and radiomic signature, the AUCs increased to 0.98, 0.91, and 0.93 in the training set and 0.96, 0.88, and 0.89 in the test set. The CR_models had the greatest performance for MYCN, 1p and 11q predictions (P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionsThe pre-therapy 18F-FDG PET/CT radiomics is able to predict MYCN amplification and 1p and 11 aberrations in pediatric NB, thus aiding tumor stage, risk stratification and disease management in the clinical practice.
Clinical, Radiological, Pathological Features and Seizure Outcome With Surgical Management of Polymorphous Low-Grade Neuroepithelial Tumor of the Young Associated With Epilepsy
Authors: Fei Xiaorui , Zhao Jing , Wei Wei , Wang Wei , Kong Xue , Qian Ruobing , Niu Chaoshi , Yao Yang 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivePolymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young (PLNTY) is a novel distinct epileptogenic neoplasm, and its clinical, imaging, histopathological, and molecular features were already known in the existing literature. We aimed to analyze the surgical management of PLNTY combined with these known characteristics.MethodsEight patients underwent surgical treatment in our center between December 2017 and December 2020, and the postoperative pathology was diagnosed as PLNTY. Their clinical data, imaging, pathological, molecular characteristics, and seizure outcome were retrospectively analyzed. Follow-up evaluations and a literature review were performed.ResultsThe 8 patients included 1 woman and 7 men, aged between 5 and 51 years old (mean = 31.6, median = 29). The preoperative symptoms of all 8 cases were seizures. Four tumors were situated in the temporal lobes, and one of the four extratemporal tumors was in the occipital lobe and three were in the frontal lobe. Enlarged and gross total resections were performed in 2 cases and the other 6 cases, respectively. All cases exhibited intense labeling of CD34, and absence of 1p/19q codeletion and IDH1 or IDH2 mutation. B-Raf proto-oncogene (BRAF) V600E mutation was presented in 4 (66.7%) of 6 detected cases. The postoperative seizure outcome of Engel class I was achieved in 6 cases (75%).ConclusionPLNTY represents distinctive histologic, immunophenotypic and biomolecular features, and has high epileptogenicity. Early surgical intervention and enlarged resection of PLNTY associated with epilepsy will help to improve the postoperative seizure-free rate.
Venovenous vs. Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Infection-Associated Severe Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Cui Yun , Zhang Yucai , Dou Jiaying , Shi Jingyi , Zhao Zhe , Zhang Zhen , Chen Yingfu , Cheng Chao , Zhu Desheng , Quan Xueli , Zhu Xuemei , Huang Wenyan 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been increasingly used as rescue therapy for severe pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) over the past decade. However, a contemporary comparison of venovenous (VV) and venoarterial (VA) ECMO in PARDS has yet to be well described. Therefore, the objective of our study was to assess the difference between VV and VA ECMO in efficacy and safety for infection-associated severe PARDS patients.MethodsThis prospective multicenter cohort study included patients with infection-associated severe PARDS who received VV or VA ECMO in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) of eight university hospitals in China between December 2018 to June 2021. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included ECMO weaning rate, duration of ECMO and mechanical ventilation (MV), ECMO-related complications, and hospitalization costs.ResultsA total of 94 patients with 26 (27.66%) VV ECMO and 68 (72.34%) VA ECMO were enrolled. Compared to the VA ECMO patients, VV ECMO patients displayed a significantly lower in-hospital mortality (50 vs. 26.92%, p = 0.044) and proportion of neurologic complications, shorter duration of ECMO and MV, but the rate of successfully weaned from ECMO, bleeding, bloodstream infection complications and pump failure were similar. By contrast, oxygenator failure was more frequent in patients receiving VV ECMO. No significant intergroup difference was observed for the hospitalization costs.ConclusionThese positive findings showed the conferred survival advantage and safety of VV ECMO compared with VA ECMO, suggesting that VV ECMO may be an effective initial treatment for patients with infection-associated severe PARDS.
Necessity of Prophylactic Extrapleural Chest Tube During Primary Surgical Repair of Esophageal Atresia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ladefoged Martin Riis , Korang Steven Kwasi , Hildorf Simone Engmann , Oehlenschlæger Jacob , Poulsen Susanne , Fossum Magdalena , Lausten-Thomsen Ulrik 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundEsophageal atresia is corrected surgically by anastomosing and recreating esophageal continuity. To allow the removal of excess fluid and air from the anastomosis, a prophylactic and temporary intraoperative chest tube (IOCT) has traditionally been placed in this area during surgery. However, whether the potential benefits of this prophylactic IOCT overweigh the potential harms is unclear.ObjectiveTo assess the benefits and harms of using a prophylactic IOCT during primary surgical repair of esophageal atresia.Data SourcesWe conducted a systematic review with a meta-analysis. We searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (2021, Issue 12), MEDLINE Ovid, Embase Ovid, CINAHL, and Science Citation Index Expanded and Conference Proceedings Citation Index—(Web of Science). Search was performed from inception until December 3rd, 2021.Study SelectionRandomized clinical trials (RCT) assessing the effect of a prophylactic IOCT during primary surgical repair of esophageal atresia and observational studies identified during our searches for RCT.Data Extraction and SynthesisTwo independent reviewers screened studies and performed data extraction. The certainty of the evidence was assessed by GRADE and ROBINS-I.PROSPERO RegistrationA protocol for this review has been registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021257834).ResultsWe included three RCTs randomizing 162 neonates, all at overall “some risk of bias.” The studies compared the placement of an IOCT vs. none. The meta-analysis did not identify any significant effect of profylacitic IOCT, as confidence intervals were compatible with no effect, but the analyses suggests that the placement of an IOCT might lead to an increase in all-cause mortality (RR 1.66, 95% CI 0.76–3.65; three trials), serious adverse events (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.58–2.00; three trials), intervention-requiring pneumothorax (RR 1.65, 95% CI 0.28–9.50; two trials), and anastomosis leakage (RR 1.66, 95% CI 0.63–4.40). None of our included studies assessed esophageal stricture or pain. Certainty of evidence was very low for all outcomes.ConclusionsEvidence from RCTs does not support the routine use of a prophylactic IOCT during primary surgical repair of esophageal atresia.
Economic Evaluation of Ticagrelor Plus Aspirin Versus Aspirin Alone for Acute Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Chen Jigang , Ji Linjin , Tong Xin , Han Mingyang , Zhao Songfeng , Qin Yongkai , He Zilong , Jiang Zhiqun , Liu Aihua 
Published: March 2022

Background: Although ticagrelor plus aspirin is more effective than aspirin alone in preventing the 30-day risk of a composite of stroke or death in patients with an acute mild-to-moderate ischemic stroke (IS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA), the cost-effectiveness of this combination therapy remains unknown. This study aims to determine the cost-effectiveness of ticagrelor plus aspirin compared with aspirin alone.Methods: A combination of decision tree and Markov model was built to estimate the expected costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) associated with ticagrelor plus aspirin and aspirin alone in the treatment of patients with an acute mild-to-moderate IS or TIA. Model inputs were extracted from published sources. One-way sensitivity, probabilistic sensitivity, and subgroup analyses were performed to test the robustness of the findings.Results: Compared with aspirin alone, ticagrelor plus aspirin gained an additional lifetime QALY of 0.018 at an additional cost of the Chinese Yuan Renminbi (¥) of 269, yielding an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of ¥15,006 (US$2,207)/QALY. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that ticagrelor plus aspirin had a probability of 99.99% being highly cost-effective versus aspirin alone at the current willingness-to-pay threshold of ¥72,447 (US$10,500)/QALY in China. These findings remain robust under one-way sensitivity and subgroup analyses.Conclusions: The results indicated that early treatment with a 30-days ticagrelor plus aspirin for an acute mild-to-moderate IS or TIA is highly cost-effective in a Chinese setting.
Gene Expression Analysis of the Endocannabinoid System in Presymptomatic APP/PS1 Mice
Authors: Vidal-Palencia Laura , Ramon-Duaso Carla , González-Parra Jose Antonio , Busquets-Garcia Arnau 
Published: March 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and neurodegeneration. The actual cause of AD progression is still unknown and no curative treatment is available. Recently, findings in human samples and animal models pointed to the endocannabinoid system (ECS) as a promising therapeutic approach against AD. However, the specific mechanisms by which cannabinoid drugs induce potential beneficial effects are still undefined. For this reason, it is required a full characterization of the ECS at different time points of AD progression considering important factors such as sex or the analysis of different brain regions to improve future cannabinoid-dependent therapies in AD. Thus, the main aim of the present study is to expand our knowledge of the status of the ECS in a presymptomatic period (3 months of age) using the AD mouse model APP/PS1 mice. First, we evaluated different behavioral domains including anxiety, cognitive functions, and social interactions in male and female APP/PS1 mice at 4 months of age. Although a mild working memory impairment was observed in male APP/PS1 mice, in most of the behaviors assessed we found no differences between genotypes. At 3 months of age, we performed a characterization of the ECS in different brain regions of the APP/PS1 mice considering the sex variable. We assessed the expression of the ECS components by quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus, olfactory bulb, and cerebellum. Interestingly, gene expression levels of the type-1 and type-2 cannabinoid receptors and the anabolic and catabolic enzymes, differed depending on the brain region and the sex analyzed. For example, CB1R expression levels decreased in both hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of male APP/PS1 mice but increased in female mice. In contrast, CB2R expression was decreased in females, whereas males tended to have higher levels. Overall, our data indicated that the ECS is already altered in APP/PS1 mice at the presymptomatic stage, suggesting that it could be an early event contributing to the pathophysiology of AD or being a potential predictive biomarker.
Research on Well Area Connectivity of Carbonate Gas Reservoir in Eastern Sichuan Basin—A Case Study of Wubaiti Block
Authors: Jiang Yandong , Chen Liang , Zhou Tuo , You Liangrong , Chu Guangzhen , Ren Dazhong , Zhou Zhaohua 
Published: March 2022

Carbonate gas reservoirs in the eastern Sichuan Basin are featured by low matrix permeability and well-developed fractures, caves, and faults, which result in complicated fluid flow and connectivity. The Wubaiti Carboniferous gas reservoir is an earlier developed block in Eastern Sichuan with a development history of 27 years. The geological features, e.g., block structure and fault development, have been extensively studied, but a few studies address the connection relationship and gas–water interface of the DT 2 well area in the north. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a reserve simulation method based on the conventional connectivity analysis, which calculates the reserves of different gas–water interfaces in the well area. Combined with production performance analysis, the well-controlled reserves and drainage area were also determined. The analysis verifies the connectivity between wells. Integrating with interference testing, fluid properties, and seismic and geological data, the connection relationship between well areas is further clarified. The results show that the northern water bodies of the DT 2 well area consist of two independent and disconnected water bodies. There is a blocking zone between the DT 2 and DT 3 and DT 4 wells, which causes the disconnection of water bodies but the connection of gas. The results also indicate that the eastern water body of the main area and the eastern water body of the DT 2 well area are part of a uniform water body with a uniform gas–water interface. The research method is significant for the connectivity research of similar gas reservoirs.
How to Teach/Learn Praecox Feeling? Through Phenomenology to Medical Education
Authors: Gozé Tudi 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe Praecox Feeling (PF) refers to a classical psychopathological concept describing the specific experience of bizarreness arising in the encounter with a person living with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). Some studies have shown that experienced psychiatrists take advantage of this experience to perform accurate and rapid diagnostic expertise. It would seem that PF is not contradictory with an operationalized diagnostic approach, but that the PF would intervene at a more tacit level of medical judgment. However, the articulation between the implicit and explicit levels of the psychiatrist's experience in the situation of medical judgment remains little studied, even though it is of crucial importance for structuring the teaching of clinical psychiatry to mental health practitioners. Can diagnostic intuition be learned? Is this experience a kind of “gift” that some may or may not have? Does the PF refer to medical expertise?MethodsTo unfold the complexity of his questions this article proposes to conduct an historical, epistemological and phenomenological analysis of the PF.ResultsWe will first conduct a presentation of historical descriptions of the PF understood as a sensation, intuition and experience, alongside the evolution of the concept of schizophrenia. Then, the article proposes an original phenomenological modelization of the temporal unfolding of the PF.DiscussionThe phenomenological conceptualization, informed from empirical evidence will try to account for the paradox of the PF as both lived evidence and indescribable experience. PF will be described as a complex cognitive and embodied process based upon ante-predicative aesthetic sensing which is secondly apprehended as perceptible evidence thanks to clinical typification. This conceptualization relying on Husserl manuscript on intersubjectivity will help to demystify its experiential structure and discuss its relevance for medical education.
Meta-Regression on the Heterogenous Factors Contributing to the Prevalence of Mental Health Symptoms During the COVID-19 Crisis Among Healthcare Workers
Authors: Chen Xi , Chen Jiyao , Zhang Meimei , Dong Rebecca Kechen , Li Jizhen , Dong Zhe , Ye Yingying , Tong Lingyao , Zhao Ruiying , Cao Wenrui , Li Peikai , Zhang Stephen X. 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveThis paper used meta-regression to analyze the heterogenous factors contributing to the prevalence rate of mental health symptoms of the general and frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) in China under the COVID-19 crisis.MethodWe systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Medrxiv and pooled data using random-effects meta-analyses to estimate the prevalence rates, and ran meta-regression to tease out the key sources of the heterogeneity.ResultsThe meta-regression results uncovered several predictors of the heterogeneity in prevalence rates among published studies, including severity (e.g., above severe vs. above moderate, p &lt; 0.01; above moderate vs. above mild, p &lt; 0.01), type of mental symptoms (PTSD vs. anxiety, p = 0.04), population (frontline vs. general HCWs, p &lt; 0.01), sampling location (Wuhan vs. Non-Wuhan, p = 0.04), and study quality (p = 0.04).ConclusionThe meta-regression findings provide evidence on the factors contributing to the prevalence rate of mental health symptoms of the general and frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) to guide future research and evidence-based medicine in several specific directions.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=220592, identifier: CRD42020220592.
Cognition and Social Behaviors Related to COVID-19 Among Students in Medical Colleges: A Cross-Sectional Study in Guangdong Province of China
Authors: Zhang Qiu , Lu Xiaoya , Liao Mengxin , Zhang Xinyue , Yao Liqing 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic is a public health emergency of international concern. This study aimed to describe the cognition and social behaviors related to COVID-19 among medical college students in China and to explore the relevant factors that have affected individual social behaviors. The study could enrich practical research on the social behaviors of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsFrom February to April 2020, online questionnaire survey was conducted meticulously. Based on their majors, the students were divided into a medical student group (249 cases) and a near-peer medical student group (397 cases). Descriptive statistics was used to elaborate the cognition related to the pandemic and the status quo of social behaviors among these students. A multiple linear regression model was established to analyze the relevant factors affecting individual social behaviors from various perspectives during the pandemic.ResultsRegarding the cognition situation: 76.32% of those surveyed had good pandemic awareness, and the average general cognition score was 30.55 ± 3.17 points. In terms of social behaviors, the average scores for purposive rational actions and affective actions during the outbreak were relatively high, scoring 8.85 ± 1.72 points (&gt;10 points) and 4.32 ± 1.41 points (&gt;6 points), respectively, while the average value rational actions score was relatively low at 5.95 ± 1.90 points (&gt;10 points). The results of the multiple linear regression model showed that urban college students had higher scores for purposive rational actions; college students with the CCP membership had higher value rational actions scores; school and major were also significant factors affecting affective actions scoring. The COVID-19 cognition score had a significant effect on the social behavior score in all dimensions (P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsThe cognition of COVID-19 among students in Chinese medical colleges was good, and pandemic cognition was an important factor that affected individual social behaviors. Universities and colleges should strengthen the publicity and education of knowledge related to COVID-19, guide students to internalize their knowledge of the pandemic into positive behaviors, and help to win the battle of pandemic prevention and control.