bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of universal varicella vaccination on the use and cost of antibiotics and antivirals for varicella management in the United States
Authors: Pawaskar Manjiri , Fergie Jaime , Harley Carolyn , Samant Salome , Veeranki Phani , Diaz Oliver , Conway James H. 
Published: June 2022

Background
Our objective was to estimate the impact of universal varicella vaccination (UVV) on the use and costs of antibiotics and antivirals for the management of varicella among children in the United States (US).

Methods
A decision tree model of varicella vaccination, infections and treatment decisions was developed. Results were extrapolated to the 2017 population of 73.5 million US children. Model parameters were populated from published sources. Treatment decisions were derived from a survey of health care professionals’ recommendations. The base case modelled current vaccination coverage rates in the US with additional scenarios analyses conducted for 0%, 20%, and 80% coverage and did not account for herd immunity benefits.

Results
Our model estimated that 551,434 varicella cases occurred annually among children ≤ 18 years in 2017. Antivirals or antibiotics were prescribed in 23.9% of cases, with unvaccinated children receiving the majority for base case. The annual cost for varicella antiviral and antibiotic treatment was approximately $14 million ($26 per case), with cases with no complications accounting for $12 million. Compared with the no vaccination scenario, the current vaccination rates resulted in savings of $181 million (94.7%) for antivirals and $78 million (95.0%) for antibiotics annually. Scenario analyses showed that higher vaccination coverage (from 0% to 80%) resulted in reduced annual expenditures for antivirals (from $191 million to $41 million), and antibiotics ($82 million to $17 million).

Conclusions
UVV was associated with significant reductions in the use of antibiotics and antivirals and their associated costs in the US. Higher vaccination coverage was associated with lower use and costs of antibiotics and antivirals for varicella management.
Ustanowienie świętego patrona miast, gmin, powiatów i województw
Authors: Świderski Krzysztof 
Published: June 2022

The subject of this article is the procedure for selecting a saint of the Roman Catholic Church patron saint for the city, municipality or wider territory. The establishment of a patron saint is within the competence of the confessional authority, in particular, the bishop and the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sac-raments. The procedure consists of three stages: the election, acknowledgement and affirmation of the patron saint. The church’s current regulations regarding the election of patron saints are contained in two documents of the Holy See. The municipal council, the poviat council and the assembly of the province pass a res-olution on the patron at the stage of his election by the society and the clergy. The above-mentioned authorities do not take part in the next two stages. Entities of territorial self-government only have a supporting vote. They cannot independently establish a patron saint, regardless of the decisions of the ecclesiastical authorities. The position of administrative courts that the resolutions of the constitutive au-thorities of entities of territorial self-government belong to the category of public administration matters is unjustiﬁed. The decree of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments is addressed to a given diocese and not to local self-government authorities. The patron saint is established for a city, mu-nicipality, poviat, or for an area that does not have administrative borders. Entities of territorial self-government must respect the autonomy of the church authorities, and public authorities should be impartial in religious matters. Therefore, entities of territorial self-government do not have the competence to establish a patron saint for the promotion of a municipality, district or self-government of the voivodship. However, they can refer to saint persons at the symbolic level, for example, in the coat of arms or the names of streets and squares. This also applies to schools and hospitals run by local self-government authorities.
Poetic Listening in Pastoral Care: Listening to the Poems that People Are
Authors: Walton Martin , Bregman Kees , Deenen Els 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Can listening as one listens to or reads poetry complement narrative approaches in pastoral care? The fragmented, open ended, metaphorical and episodic character of what people tell in pastoral encounters is often more like poetry than story. Applying instruments of poetic analysis to what people tell, opens new insights into those texts, whether originally written or oral. That experimental, heuristic practice in poetic reading finds a complement in reflections on characteristics of poetry and on narrative and poetic modes of practical theology. That results in a congeniality of theological and poetic reading in attention to metaphor, fragments, framing and reframing.
A Sense of Something Else for Me: Search for Meaning in Life and Transcendence in Spouses of People with Mental Illness
Authors: Ojalammi Jonna M. P. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this article, I investigate search for meaning in life and transcendence in spouses of people with mental illness. Research related to the topic is scant. I interviewed 16 Finnish spouses and partners in narrative, semi-structured interviews, and analyzed the data narratively. The interviewees perceived mental illness as a threat to meaning. In the search for meaning, transcendence referred to hope, humor, wishing, and imagining. The search for meaning and transcendence were connected through the fragile “sense of something else for me” as detachment from the spouse’s illness reality. Implications for pastoral theology can be found above all in Christian hope.
Generalized Surrogacy and the COVID Crisis
Authors: Hansen Danielle Tumminio 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article examines how the systemic sin of neoliberalism affects pandemic relationships, specifically considering how its emphasis on autonomy can result in relational abuse and erode a recognition of our fundamental interdependence as human beings. To contextualize the argument, this article employs a case study of tip baiting in the United States during the COVID-19 crisis to explain how neoliberalism concretely results in harm that can be identified as a form of systemic sin.
Segmented Secrecy as Catholic Ecclesial Practice: The Case of Gay Priests
Authors: Hoover Brett 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
While social scientists have long studied secrecy as a cultural practice, theologians have neglected it as an ecclesial practice. This article examines “segmented secrecy” as an ecclesial practice, that is, secrets kept or divulged in different social networks in a segmented manner. That secrecy is examined in the lives of gay priests in Roman Catholic ecclesial settings in the United States. After a brief sociological analysis of secrecy, the theological analysis reckons first with the ethics of segmented secrecy, arguing for segmented secrecy as a “burdened” form of the virtue of honesty. Next it turns to segmented secrecy as an ecclesial practice, a provisional way of securing protection for marginal persons amidst the larger eschatological protect of the church in the world, despite some moral hazards involved.
Journey towards an unreachable destiny: parental struggles in the intergenerational transmission of Chinese as a heritage language in Australia
Authors: Wang Lanting , Hamid M. Obaidul 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article investigates Chinese-Australian parents’ ideologies and visions about the maintenance of Chinese as a heritage language (CHL) as well as their struggles in using family language policy (FLP) as defence and coping mechanisms to address tensions associated with the transgenerational transmission of CHL. Language policy defined as an assemblage of ideologies, practices and management and parental agency understood as parents’ capacity to pursue their visions are deployed within Curdt-Christiansen’s dynamic model of FLP that accommodates a complex interplay of internal and external factors. The study focuses on 15 parents who were committed to and made agentive efforts to maintain CHL and transmit it to their next generations. Using interviews, parents’ visions based on their children’s future CHL proficiency and their agentive efforts around CHL transmission were examined. The findings revealed sharp contrasts between parents’ future visions and their lived experiences of struggles at present. Anticipating the eventual loss of CHL among their future generations in the Australian context, the parents struggled to negotiate FLP to combat the foreseeable language shift and defend their visions. The findings have implications for individuals, families, communities, institutions, and policies concerning the maintenance of heritage languages in Australia and globally.
Identifying ELF: an interdisciplinary perspective on social categories in lingua franca research
Authors: Jenks Christopher 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Researchers have a number of methodological tools and theoretical frameworks at their disposal when examining how English language identities are constructed in lingua franca encounters, including a conversation analytic understanding of an “emic social reality”; according to this perspective, a speaker’s identity falls within the interests of a researcher if, and only when, it is made relevant through social interaction. This paper builds on this tradition by studying how language identities can be understood from multiple analytic perspectives, including from an emic perspective. Drawing from a corpus of chat room data, the study examines how the social categories used by interactants to engage in identity work, such as categories that are inherently deficit in orientation (e.g., foreign language learner), may not precisely align with the preferred categories used in the lingua franca literature, such as categories that are more positive in nature (e.g., expert language user). These observations are used to explore some of the general methodological issues that exist when situating an analysis of identity within the study of lingua franca interactions.
The analysis of fire ignition frequency calculation for small modular light water reactors
Authors: Jiang Hong , Liu Zihan , Peng Changhong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
With the release of reports such as NUREG/CR-6850, the calculation of ignition frequency concerning general large-scale Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs) has matured. However, there is currently a lack of methods for calculating the ignition frequency in the case of Small Modular Light Water Reactors (SMRs). By studying the calculation of ignition frequency reported in NUREG/CR-6850, we propose a method for calculating the ignition frequency in SMRs, which is based on the generic ignition frequency at the component level. The problem of counting ignition sources is discussed in detail, and we determine the component-level ignition frequencies due to different types of ignition sources. In order to improve the calculation of the ignition frequency in SMRs, this paper provides two methods, which are based on the prior lognormal distribution and the prior Gamma distribution, respectively, for updating ignition frequency. We also consider the effect of the accumulation of fire events on the posterior mean determined by both methods. In this paper, we suggest that the method based on the prior lognormal distribution should be used in the initial stage of updates of ignition frequency. As data for plant-specific events accumulate, the approach based on the prior Gamma distribution should be considered.
Uniformly asymptotic normality of the weighted estimator in nonparametric regression model with φ-mixing errors
Authors: Zhuansun Chenlu , Zhang Gongxuan , Yan Kedong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Consider the following nonparametric model: Y

ni
=g(x

ni
)+ε

ni
, 1 ⩽ i ⩽ n, where

x

n
i

∈

A

$ x_{ni}\in \mathbb{A} $

are the nonrandom design points and

A

$ \mathbb{A} $

is a compact set of ℝ
m
for some m=1, g (·) is a real valued function defined on

A

$ \mathbb{A} $

, and ε

n1, ⋅, ε

nn
are zero mean φ-mixing random errors with finite moment of 2+δ order for some δ>0. Under some general conditions, we obtain the uniformly asymptotic normality of the weighted estimator of g (·). The rate of Berry-Esseen bound can approximate O(n
−1/4) under some appropriate conditions. The validity of the main results is partially illustrated via a numerical simulation.
Experimental and theoretical study of the dye-sensitized solar cells using Hibiscus sabdariffa plant pigment coupled with polyaniline/graphite counter electrode
Authors: Joseph Innocent , Louis Hitler , Okon Emmanuel E. D. , Unimuke Tomsmith O. , Udoikono Akaninyene D. , Magu Thomas O. , Maitera Oliver , Elzagheid Mohamed I. , Rhyman Lydia , Ekeng-ita Emmanuel I. , Ramasami Ponnadurai 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this research work, the extraction, characterization, device fabrication, and theoretical investigation of Hibiscus sabdariffa plant extract, for possible application in solid DSSCs, are reported. The plant extract was analyzed using FT-IR and UV–Vis spectrophotometry. Polyaniline on graphene was used as the counter electrode whereas titanium (IV) oxide was used as the photo anode for the fabricated DSSCs. The experimental results obtained for the open circuit voltage, short circuit current density, field factor, maximum power and conversion efficiency are 0.925 V, 0.073 A/cm2, 1.43, 1.04 W, and 0.044 % respectively. The excited states of anthocyanin (delphinidin) and quercetin, the most stable structures of Hibiscus sabdariffa plant extract, were studied using density functional theory method. In addition, the theoretical open circuit voltage, light harvesting efficiency, coupling constant, free energy change, and HOMO–LUMO energy gap were predicted for the photovoltaic properties. The theoretical results suggest that quercetin has relatively better photovoltaic properties and, hence, potentially a better dye for solar cell application.
L’accompagnement entrepreneurial comme activateur de performance : cas de la BSTP Cameroun
Authors: Pouka Pouka Marie Romuald , Nomo Théophile Serge 
Published: June 2022

La littérature sur les structures de soutien et sur les programmes d’aides aux PME (pépinières, incubateurs, financements, achats gouvernementaux réservés aux PME, incitations ou exonérations fiscales, subventions, etc.) est abondante. Toutefois, les évaluations quant à la performance et à la pertinence de certains de ces organismes et programmes le sont moins, notamment dans les pays en développement. Par exemple au Cameroun, la majorité des recherches s’articulent autour du financement des PME, de la fiscalité ou des pratiques de gestion. Aussi, cet article examine le lien entre une de ces structures, soit la Bourse de sous-traitance et de partenariat (BSTP) et la performance des PME. L’objectif est d’évaluer les impacts des programmes de la BSTP sur la performance des PME, d’en relever les limites et de proposer quelques suggestions pour mieux les étoffer. Nos résultats démontrent que c’est à travers deux axes bien définis des programmes de la BSTP, soit le programme Profilage et le Programme de Développement des Fournisseurs (PDF), que la performance des PME se fait sentir. Les autres programmes se sont avérés inefficaces.
The literature on support structures and support programs for SMEs (incubators, clusters, financing, government purchases reserved for SMEs, tax incentives or exemptions, subsidies, etc.). is abundant. However, evaluations of the performance and relevance of some of these agencies and programs are less so, particularly in developing countries. For example, in Cameroon, most research focuses on SME financing, taxation, or management practices. Also, this article examines the link between one of these structures, i.e. the Outsourcing and partnership Exchange (SPX), and the performance of SMEs. The objective is to evaluate the impacts of its programs on the performance of SMEs, to identify their limits and to propose some suggestions to better expand them. Our results show that it is through two clearly defined axes of the SPX programs, i.e. the Profiling program and the Suppliers Development Program, that the performance of SMEs is felt. The other programs have proven ineffective.
L’impact de la gestion du risque de crédit sur la performance des banques commerciales canadiennes
Authors: Gouiaa Raef , Ouedraogo Mikaela 
Published: June 2022

La question générale de cette étude est de comprendre l’impact du risque de crédit sur la performancedes banques canadiennes. Les résultats permettent de confirmer que la gestion efficace du risque de crédit a un effet positif sur la performance des banques canadiennes et que l’augmentation du risque de crédit entraîne une diminution de la performance financière et boursière. Les résultats permettent également d’infirmer que certains ratios tels que les prêts sur les dépôts et sur l’actif affectent positivement la performance opérationnelle. Cette recherche met clairement en évidence un éclairage et une meilleure compréhension des déterminants du risque de crédit, et sa pertinence à promouvoir les politiques de gestion de ce risque, d’où une meilleure performance des banques.
The general question of this study is to understand the impact of credit risk on the performance of Canadian banks. The results allow to confirm that effective management of credit risk has a positive effect on the performance of Canadian banks and that increasing credit risk leads to a decrease in financial and stock market performance. The results also confirm that certain ratios such as debt to deposit and debt to asset positively affect operational performance. This research clearly highlights a clarification and a better understanding of the determinants of credit risk, and its relevance to promote policies for managing this risk, hence the better performance of banks.
La trajectoire du crédit communautaire au Québec : innovation, résistance et recomposition
Authors: Tremblay Suzanne , Langevin Marie , Alberio Marco 
Published: June 2022

Notre article présente l’évolution et la trajectoire du microcrédit dans le monde et au Québec, dans uncontexte de transformation socioéconomique globale. Le modèle du crédit communautaire québécois est encore ancré dans le champ de la finance solidaire. Il se base sur de petites organisations dédiées au crédit communautaire ainsi qu’au développement social et local. Nous nous penchons aussi sur les pratiques des organismes de crédit communautaire pour trouver des pistes de solution afin de répondre aux problèmes d’intégration à l’emploi, dans un contexte de fragmentation du marché du travail, de précarisation de l’emploi et de montée de l’entrepreneuriat. L’analyse des pratiques des organismes de crédit communautaire qui s’inscrivent dans l’économie sociale et solidaire révèle aussi certains paradoxes, notamment l’intégration socioéconomique des personnes marginalisées par des solutions individualisées comme celle de l’entrepreneuriat privé et le travail autonome.
This article presents the evolution and trajectory of microcredit in the world and in Quebec, in a context of global socioeconomic transformation. The Quebec community credit model is still rooted in the field of solidarity finance. It is based on small organizations dedicated to community credit, and social and local development. The text also examines the practices of community credit organizations in order to find solutions to the problems of employment integration in a context of labour market fragmentation, job insecurity and rise of entrepreneurship. The analysis of the practices of community credit organizations that are part of the social and solidarity economy also reveals certain paradoxes, particularly the socio-economic integration of marginalized people through individualized solutions such as private entrepreneurship and self-employment.
Concepto de lo barroco en Travesía de extramares (1950)
Authors: Mostacero Castillo Jonathan Ramiro 
Published: June 2022

Esta investigación tiene por objeto el estudio del concepto de lo barroco como un aspecto fundamental en la visión de la existencia del poemario Travesía de extramares de Martín Adán (1950). Con la finalidad de examinar la influencia barroca en la obra, se utilizaron los textos Los exilios interiores de Lauer (1983) y César Vallejo, Martín Adán, Emilio Adolfo Westphalen de Bendezú (2006). Del primero se observará el aspecto barroco relacionado al hermetismo; del segundo, el examen de los poemas analizados. Por otro lado, se indagará en la noción de lo barroco en D’Ors, donde se exhibe el mencionado término a la manera una categoría supratemporal en constante contraposición a lo clásico. Las consecuencias de nuestra investigación logran contemplar la visión de lo barroco como un concepto de oposición, en lugar de un estilo literario estricto.
The Usage of Terms “kūrybiškumas” and “kūrybingumas” in the Scientific Publications of Lithuanian Authors, and Analysis of Meaningful Differences of the Words
Authors: Beresnevičius Gediminas 
Published: June 2022

The Lithuanian scientific community has not yet reached a decision which Lithuanian word, “kūrybiškumas” or “kūrybingumas” (both translated into English as “creativity“), is more suitable for use in the creative psychology, educology and other domains. This article defines the words “kūrybiškumas” and “kūrybingumas” as the acquired abilities of the creative subject to manifest new material and ideal objects. In addition, the two words are described as a property or characteristic of the product of activity and of the environment.
The author reviews the usage of terms “kūrybiškumas” and “kūrybingumas” in the scientific publications of Lithuanian authors, and analyzes meaningful differences of the words. The quantitative research assesses all the publications in Lithuanian language which contain at least one of the terms in their titles and which were published between 1979 and 2019. During this period, 400 scientists submitted 426 publications which meet the previously mentioned criteria.
It was found that the term “kūrybiškumas” is accepted by the majority of the Lithuanian researchers (80.75%). This word is found in 76.76% of publication titles and 68.08% of texts.
The analysis of publications revealed that the meaningful difference between the words “kūrybiškumas” and “kūrybingumas” can be doubted, therefore the meaning of the two terms is the same. Both words (“kūrybiškumas” and “kūrybingumas”) can be used to describe the creator, the creation process, the work or the result, and the environment. The term “kūrybiškumas” is broader and the meaning is somewhat wider than that of the term “kūrybingumas”.
In order to avoid the confusion related to the use of the two terms, the author suggests to use only the word “kūrybiškumas”. Alternatively, the terms “kūrybiškumas” and “kūrybingumas” should be considered as synonyms.