bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physico‐nutritional characterization of composite cassava and orange‐fleshed sweet potato flours and sensory evaluation of “fufu” prepared from the flour blends
Authors: Younge Samuel , Amoah Robert Sarpong , Abano Ernest Ekow , Kumi Francis , Anyebuno George 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe orange‐fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) is being promoted for consumption as a public health tool to combat vitamin A deficiency diseases in Africa. As a staple diet in many households in West Africa, “fufu” aptly lends itself to fortification with OFSP for the delivery of essential micronutrients for health improvement. In this study, the nutritional and functional characteristics of composite cassava/OFSP flours for preparation into "fufu" were examined, and the cooked food was subjected to sensory evaluation. OFSP enriched the nutritional composition as its substitution levels for cassava increased. However, the texture and pasting properties degraded concomitantly during the heating process. Sensory panelists preferred "fufu" prepared from the composite flours with up to 5% replacement of cassava with OFSP. This can potentially contribute 39–77% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance of vitamin A for children and 33% for women of reproductive age and help alleviate related deficiency diseases.Practical applicationsReducing hunger and promoting health is the foremost objective of the Sustainable Development Goals 2 and 3. This requires prioritizing specific food micronutrients and establishing approaches to deliver them to the consuming public. "Fufu" is a staple diet regularly consumed in many households in West Africa. However, its nutritional content is low due to the low content of micronutrients in the traditional ingredients. A new processing recipe for "fufu", which uses the composite flours of the ingredients, aptly lends it to fortification with nutrient‐rich ingredients to administer the essential dietary requirements of its consumers. Given the substantial composition of important food micronutrients, particularly β‐Carotene, in the orange‐fleshed sweet potato (OFSP), it is the most considered candidate crop for meeting the critical dietary needs of people plagued with vitamin A deficiency diseases. The importance of this study, therefore, lies in the development of a new "fufu" product fortified with OFSP to avert the vitamin A deficiency diseases that mostly affect women of reproductive age and children in Africa.
Segmentation of SEM images of multiphase materials: When Gaussian mixture models are accurate?
Authors: Chatzigeorgiou Manolis , Vrigkas Michalis , Beazi‐Katsioti Margarita , Katsiotis Marios , Boukos Nikos , Constantoudis Vassilios 
Published: October 2022

AbstractScanning electron microscopy has been a powerful technique to investigate the structural and chemical properties of multiphase materials on micro and nanoscale due to its high‐resolution capabilities. One of the main outcomes of the SEM‐based analysis is the calculation of the fractions of material components constituting the multiphase material by means of the segmentation of their back scattered electron SEM images. In order to segment multiphase images, Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) are commonly used based on the deconvolution of the image pixel histogram. Despite its extensive use, the accuracy of GMM predictions has not been validated yet. In this paper, we proceed to a systematic study of the evaluation of the accuracy and the limitations of the GMM method when applied to the segmentation of a four‐phase material. To this end, first, we build a modelling framework and propose an index to quantify the accuracy of GMM predictions for all phases. Then we apply this framework to calculate the impact of collective parameters of image histogram on the accuracy of GMM predictions. Finally, some rules of thumb are concluded to guide SEM users about the suitability of using GMM for the segmentation of their SEM images based only on the inspection of the image histogram. A suitable histogram for GMM is a histogram with number of peaks equal to the number of Gaussian components, and if that is not the case, kurtosis and skewness should be smaller than 2.35 and 0.1, respectively.
Serum amyloid A as a marker to detect sepsis and predict outcome in hospitalized neonatal foals
Authors: Hoeberg Emma , Sånge Alexandra , Saegerman Claude , Bohlin Anna , Nostell Katarina , Durie Inge , Husted Louise , Öhman Anna , Jacobsen Stine , Berg Lise , Laursen Sigrid Hyldahl , van Galen Gaby 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundSerum amyloid A (SAA) has been reported to hold promise as diagnostic and prognostic marker in foals. This has not been investigated thoroughly.ObjectivesEvaluate admission SAA concentrations as predictor of sepsis and outcome.AnimalsFive hundred and ninety hospitalized foals <14 days old.MethodsRetrospective multicenter study. Foals were scored with sepsis and survival scores, grouped according to health category (septic, sick but nonseptic, uncertain sepsis status) and outcome; septic foals were further categorized according to severity (normal sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock). SAA was compared between groups using Mann‐Whitney test and Kruskal‐Wallis test. Receiver operating characteristic curves identified optimal SAA cut off values for detecting sepsis and predicting outcome.ResultsAdmission SAA concentrations differed significantly between sick nonseptic foals (312.1 ± 685.4 mg/L) and septic foals (1079.7 ± 1254.5 mg/L) and increased with increasing sepsis score. SAA did not differ between sepsis severity groups. The optimal cut off for sepsis detection was 1050 mg/L (sensitivity 30.2%, specificity 90.7%). Admission SAA concentrations were lower in surviving (435.0 ± 723.6 mg/L) compared to nonsurviving foals (1062.7 ± 1440.1 mg/L) and decreased with increasing survival score. The optimal cut off for nonsurvival prediction was 1250 mg/L (sensitivity 22.1%, specificity 90.8%).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSAA concentration was higher in septic foals and nonsurviving foals. Even though optimal cut offs for SAA to detect sepsis and predict outcome had low sensitivity, they had good specificity. SAA can therefore be used as a marker to rule out sepsis and nonsurvival.
Genetic mechanisms modulating behaviour through plastic chemosensory responses in insects
Authors: Kohlmeier Philip , Billeter Jean‐Christophe 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe ability to transition between different behavioural stages is a widespread phenomenon across the animal kingdom. Such behavioural adaptations are often linked to changes in the sensitivity of those neurons that sense chemical cues associated with the respective behaviours. To identify the genetic mechanisms that regulate neuronal sensitivity, and by that behaviour, typically *omics approaches, such as RNA‐ and protein‐sequencing, are applied to sensory organs of individuals displaying differences in behaviour. In this review, we discuss these genetic mechanisms and how they impact neuronal sensitivity, summarize the correlative and functional evidence for their role in regulating behaviour and discuss future directions. As such, this review can help interpret *omics data by providing a comprehensive list of already identified genes and mechanisms that impact behaviour through changes in neuronal sensitivity.
Rescue of the first alphanucleorhabdovirus entirely from cloned complementary DNA: An efficient vector for systemic expression of foreign genes in maize and insect vectors
Authors: Kanakala Surapathrudu , Xavier César A. D. , Martin Kathleen M. , Tran Hong Hanh , Redinbaugh Margaret G. , Whitfield Anna E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecent reverse genetics technologies have enabled genetic manipulation of plant negative‐strand RNA virus (NSR) genomes. Here, we report construction of an infectious clone for the maize‐infecting Alphanucleorhabdovirus maydis, the first efficient NSR vector for maize. The full‐length infectious clone was established using agrobacterium‐mediated delivery of full‐length maize mosaic virus (MMV) antigenomic RNA and the viral core proteins (nucleoprotein N, phosphoprotein P, and RNA‐directed RNA polymerase L) required for viral transcription and replication into Nicotiana benthamiana. Insertion of intron 2 ST‐LS1 into the viral L gene increased stability of the infectious clone in Escherichia coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. To monitor virus infection in vivo, a green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene was inserted in between the N and P gene junctions to generate recombinant MMV‐GFP. Complementary DNA (cDNA) clones of MMV‐wild type (WT) and MMV‐GFP replicated in single cells of agroinfiltrated N. benthamiana. Uniform systemic infection and high GFP expression were observed in maize inoculated with extracts of the infiltrated N. benthamiana leaves. Insect vectors supported virus infection when inoculated via feeding on infected maize or microinjection. Both MMV‐WT and MMV‐GFP were efficiently transmitted to maize by planthopper vectors. The GFP reporter gene was stable in the virus genome and expression remained high over three cycles of transmission in plants and insects. The MMV infectious clone will be a versatile tool for expression of proteins of interest in maize and cross‐kingdom studies of virus replication in plant and insect hosts.
Rapid evolution of an RNA virus to escape recognition by a rice nucleotide‐binding and leucine‐rich repeat domain immune receptor
Authors: Bonnamy Mélia , Pinel‐Galzi Agnès , Gorgues Lucille , Chalvon Véronique , Hébrard Eugénie , Chéron Sophie , Nguyen Tràng Hiếu , Poulicard Nils , Sabot François , Pidon Hélène , Champion Antony , Césari Stella , Kroj Thomas , Albar Laurence 
Published: October 2022

Summary

Viral diseases are a major limitation for crop production, and their control is crucial for sustainable food supply.

We investigated by a combination of functional genetics and experimental evolution the resistance of rice to the rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV), which is among the most devastating rice pathogens in Africa, and the mechanisms underlying the extremely fast adaptation of the virus to its host.

We found that the RYMV3 gene that protects rice against the virus codes for a nucleotide‐binding and leucine‐rich repeat domain immune receptor (NLRs) from the Mla‐like clade of NLRs. RYMV3 detects the virus by forming a recognition complex with the viral coat protein (CP). The virus escapes efficiently from detection by mutations in its CP, some of which interfere with the formation of the recognition complex.

This study establishes that NLRs also confer in monocotyledonous plants immunity to viruses, and reveals an unexpected functional diversity for NLRs of the Mla clade that were previously only known as fungal disease resistance proteins. In addition, it provides precise insight into the mechanisms by which viruses adapt to plant immunity and gives important knowledge for the development of sustainable resistance against viral diseases of cereals.
Gestational weight gain and mode of delivery by the class of obesity: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Su Le , Zhang Yijia , Chen Cheng , Lu Liping , Sutton Desmond , D'Alton Mary , Kahe Ka 
Published: October 2022

SummaryThe association between gestational weight gain (GWG) and mode of delivery in females with different obesity classes is not clear. We conducted a meta‐analysis to evaluate the association between GWG, categorized according to the 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines, and the risk of cesarean section (CS) or operative vaginal delivery (OVD) in females with different obesity classes. Eight studies were identified. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of CS for females with GWG above the recommendations were 1.27 (1.20–1.33) for obesity class I, 1.22 (1.20–1.23) for class II, and 1.17 (1.15–1.19) for class III. Also, the pooled ORs (95% CI) of OVD were 1.21 (1.005–1.46) for obesity class I, 1.12 (1.04–1.21) for class II, and 1.10 (1.001–1.22) for obesity class III. GWG below the recommendations was associated with lower risk of CS for females with obesity class I (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.82–0.92), class II (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.77–0.90), and class III (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.79–0.93). Pregnant participants gaining weight above the 2009 IOM guidelines were at higher risk for CS and OVD regardless of obesity classes. Gaining weight below the guidelines was associated with a lower risk of CS among females in any obesity class.
Medication safety in pediatric anesthesia: An educational review and a call to action
Authors: Jones‐Oguh Sheri , Elliott Elizabeth M. , McClung Pasqualino Heather , Harris Kathleen , Isserman Rebecca S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChildren presenting for anesthesia are at high risk for medication error during their care. In this educational review, we address the rates of medication error in pediatric patients undergoing anesthesia, why they are at higher risk than adults, and why reporting chronically underestimates the number of medication errors incurred during the anesthetic care of children. We also introduce the Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation and Wake Up Safe, two safety organizations that have led the call to decrease medication errors. We discuss various tools to increase medication safety, as championed by Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation and Wake Up Safe, including human factors research and highlight a few studies that have evaluated and addressed medication safety in the anesthesia environment.
Impacts of climate change on food utilization in Nepal
Authors: Guo Wenmei , Rayamajhee Veeshan , Bohara Alok K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUnderstanding how long‐term climate patterns affect food security outcomes is crucial for crafting food policy in developing countries. In the case of Nepal, existing studies have focused overwhelmingly on food production and supply, but relatively little attention has been paid to understanding how extreme climate trends affect food utilization. This study fills that gap in the literature by examining the effects of temperature and rainfall trends from 1976 to 2005 on individual daily caloric intake and food diversity in Nepal. We use the copula method to jointly estimate the two potentially correlated food utilization outcomes. We find that climate risk negatively affects both outcomes. One percent increase (0.01 points) in climate risk index (index ranges from 0 to 1) leads to a decrease in weighted caloric intake by 8.1 calories (equivalent to 1.1% of average weighted caloric intake of 726 calories) and food diversity by 0.114 points (a reduction of 0.43% reduction of the mean score). We also find that factors such as ecological belts and social capital are strongly correlated with food security. Based on our findings, we recommend policies that attract private and public investments towards improving farmers' access to financial institutions, transportation networks, and risk‐mitigation products and programs.
Neural and contractile determinants of burst‐like explosive isometric contractions of the knee extensors
Authors: D'Emanuele Samuel , Tarperi Cantor , Rainoldi Alberto , Schena Federico , Boccia Gennaro 
Published: October 2022

Walking and running are based on rapid burst‐like muscle contractions. Burst‐like contractions generate a Gaussian‐shaped force profile, in which neuromuscular determinants have never been assessed. We investigated the neural and contractile determinants of the rate of force development (RFD) in burst‐like isometric knee extensions. Together with maximal voluntary force (MVF), voluntary and electrically evoked (8 stimuli at 300 Hz, octets) forces were measured in the first 50, 100, and 150 ms of burst‐like quadriceps contractions in 24 adults. High‐density surface electromyography (HDsEMG) was adopted to measure the root mean square (RMS) and muscle fiber conduction velocity (MFCV) from the vastus lateralis and medialis. The determinants of voluntary force at 50, 100, and 150 ms were assessed by stepwise multiple regression analysis. Force at 50 ms was explained by RMS (R2 = 0.361); force at 100 ms was explained by octet (R2 = 0.646); force at 150 ms was explained by MVF (R2 = 0.711) and octet (R2 = 0.061). Peak RFD (which occurred at 60 ± 10 ms from contraction onset) was explained by MVF (R2 = 0.518) and by RMS50 (R2 = 0.074). MFCV did not emerge as a determinant of RFD. Muscle excitation was the sole determinant of early RFD (50 ms), while contractile characteristics were more relevant for late RFD (≥100 ms). As peak RFD is mostly determined by MVF, it may not be more informative than MVF itself. Therefore, a time‐locked analysis of RFD provides more insights into the neuromuscular characteristics of explosive contractions.
Comparison of endometrial preparation protocols (natural cycle versus hormone replacement cycle) for frozen embryo transfer (COMPETE): a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Liu Xitong , Wen Wen , Wang Tao , Sun Ting , Wang Ting , Zhang Na , Pan Dan , Cai He , Xie Jinlin , Liu Xiaojuan , Shi Zan , Wang Rui , Li Xiaofang , Lu Na , Pan Rong , Tian Li , Meng Bin , Bai Haiyan , Zhou Hanying , Qu Pengfei , Zhao Doudou , Mol Ben W , Li Wentao , Shi Juanzi 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionNatural cycle (NC) and hormone replacement treatment (HT) are frequently used endometrial preparation protocols prior to frozen-thawed embryo transfer in ovulatory women. It is not clear which protocol results in a higher live birth rate. It has been suggested that there is an increased risk in maternal and perinatal morbidity following HT protocol due to the lack of corpus luteum. The objective of this trial is to compare the clinical outcomes of NC and HT protocols in frozen embryo transfer.Methods and analysisCOMPETE is an open-label, single-centre, randomised controlled trial targeting to recruit 888 women, with 444 women each in two arms (1:1 treatment ratio). Women undergoing in vitro fertilisation scheduled for a frozen embryo transfer and have a regular menstrual cycle are eligible. Exclusion criteria include ovulation disorders and intrauterine adhesions. The primary outcome is live birth resulting from the first frozen embryo transfer after randomisation. Secondary outcomes include biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy, miscarriage, endometrial thickness, cycle cancellation, gestational diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, antepartum haemorrhage, preterm birth, birth weight, large for gestational age, congenital anomaly and perinatal mortality. The data analysis will be following the intention-to-treat principle.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of Northwest women’s and children’s hospital (2020008). Written informed consent will be obtained from each participant before randomisation. The results of the trial will be presented via publications.Trial registration numberChiCTR2000040640.
Psilocybin-assisted therapy for reducing alcohol intake in patients with alcohol use disorder: protocol for a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled 12-week clinical trial (The QUANTUM Trip Trial)
Authors: Jensen Mathias Ebbesen , Stenbæk Dea Siggaard , Juul Tobias Søgaard , Fisher Patrick MacDonald , Ekstrøm Claus Thorn , Knudsen Gitte Moos , Fink-Jensen Anders 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionAlcohol use disorder is a difficult-to-treat psychiatric disorder and a major burden on public health. Existing treatment efficacy is moderate, and relapse rates are high. Preliminary findings suggest that psilocybin, a psychedelic compound, can safely and reliably occasion highly meaningful experiences that may spur a positive change in drinking behaviour when administered in a therapeutic context. However, the efficacy of a single psilocybin administration and its potential neurobiological underpinnings still remain unknown.Methods and analysisTo establish efficacy, we will investigate the effects of psilocybin-assisted therapy versus placebo in a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled 12-week clinical trial. Ninety treatment-seeking patients, aged 20–70 years, diagnosed with alcohol use disorder will be recruited from the community via advertisement and referrals from general practitioners or specialised treatment units. The psilocybin or placebo will be administered in accordance with a protocol for psychological support before, during and after the dosing. Outcome assessments will be carried out 1, 4, 8 and 12 weeks postdosing. The primary outcome is reduction in the percentage of heavy drinking days from baseline to follow-up at 12 weeks. Key secondary outcomes are as follows: (1) total alcohol consumption, (2) phosphatidyl-ethanol, an objective biomarker for alcohol, (3) plasma psilocin, the active metabolite, to establish a possible therapeutic range, (4) the acute subjective drug experience as a possible predictor of treatment outcome and (5) neuronal response to alcohol cues and cognitive flexibility within corticostriatal pathways by use of functional MR brain imaging 1-week postdosing.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from the Committee on Health Research Ethics of the Capital Region of Denmark (H-20043832). All patients will be provided oral and written information about the trial before screening. The study results will be disseminated by peer-review publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberEudraCT 2020-000829-55 andNCT05416229.
Quantitative epileptiform burden and electroencephalography background features predict post-traumatic epilepsy
Authors: Chen Yilun , Li Songlu , Ge Wendong , Jing Jin , Chen Hsin Yi , Doherty Daniel , Herman Alison , Kaleem Safa , Ding Kan , Osman Gamaleldin , Swisher Christa B , Smith Christine , Maciel Carolina B , Alkhachroum Ayham , Lee Jong Woo , Dhakar Monica B , Gilmore Emily J , Sivaraju Adithya , Hirsch Lawrence J , Omay Sacit B , Blumenfeld Hal , Sheth Kevin N , Struck Aaron F , Edlow Brian L , Westover M Brandon , Kim Jennifer A 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundPost-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a severe complication of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Electroencephalography aids early post-traumatic seizure diagnosis, but its optimal utility for PTE prediction remains unknown. We aim to evaluate the contribution of quantitative electroencephalograms to predict first-year PTE (PTE1).MethodsWe performed a multicentre, retrospective case–control study of patients with TBI. 63 PTE1patients were matched with 63 non-PTE1patients by admission Glasgow Coma Scale score, age and sex. We evaluated the association of quantitative electroencephalography features with PTE1using logistic regressions and examined their predictive value relative to TBI mechanism and CT abnormalities.ResultsIn the matched cohort (n=126), greater epileptiform burden, suppression burden and beta variability were associated with 4.6 times higher PTE1risk based on multivariable logistic regression analysis (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, AUC (95% CI) 0.69 (0.60 to 0.78)). Among 116 (92%) patients with available CT reports, adding quantitative electroencephalography features to a combined mechanism and CT model improved performance (AUC (95% CI), 0.71 (0.61 to 0.80) vs 0.61 (0.51 to 0.72)).ConclusionsEpileptiform and spectral characteristics enhance covariates identified on TBI admission and CT abnormalities in PTE1prediction. Future trials should incorporate quantitative electroencephalography features to validate this enhancement of PTE risk stratification models.