bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity and pathogenicity of Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose on Cunninghamia lanceolata
Authors: He Jiao , Li De‐Wei , Zhu Ya‐Nan , Si Yuan‐Zhi , Huang Jin‐Hua , Zhu Li‐Hua , Ye Jian‐Ren , Huang Lin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractChinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) is a fast‐growing tree species with high economic value. Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species poses a serious threat to Chinese fir production. To investigate the Colletotrichum species associated with anthracnose on Chinese fir, a survey was conducted from 2016 to 2020 in China. A total of 52 Colletotrichum isolates was collected from six different provinces: Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong and Zhejiang. These isolates were identified using morphological and multilocus phylogenetic analyses with the concatenated sequences of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS), glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), chitin synthase (CHS‐1), actin (ACT), β‐tubulin (TUB2), calmodulin (CAL) and the intergenic region between Apn2 and Mat1‐2‐1 (ApMat). Colletotrichum cangyuanense, C. fructicola, C. gloeosporioides, C. karstii and C. siamense were revealed to be associated with anthracnose on Chinese fir. Pathogenicity tests showed that there were significant differences in the pathogenicity of these Colletotrichum species on the host plants. To our knowledge, this study reports the pathogen diversity of anthracnose on Chinese fir for the first time.
Domestic entities and access and benefit‐sharing: A legal critique of Divya Pharmacy v Union of India
Authors: Jolly Stellina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the case of Divya Pharmacy v Union of India, the Uttarakhand High Court in India provided an innovative interpretation of the concept of access and benefit‐sharing by ruling that an Indian company, having no foreign participation, is mandated to undertake fair and equitable benefit‐sharing under the Biological Diversity Act 2002, India. The court employed a purposive interpretation, relying on the provisions of the Convention on Biological Diversity and its Nagoya Protocol. This article critically explores the Divya Pharmacy judgement, arguing that where a domestic statute makes a specific exemption in favour of domestic entities articulating a clear legislative intention, the judiciary should have engaged with constitutional provisions and environmental principles, which are part of domestic laws rather than relying exclusively on international treaty provisions to bring domestic entities under the purview of fair and equitable benefit‐sharing.
Caught in quicksand? Compliance and legitimacy challenges in using regulatory sandboxes to manage emerging technologies
Authors: Johnson Walter G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRegulatory sandboxes have become the latest development in regulatory reform, starting first in financial regulation and now expanding to other sectors. While sandboxes offer notable potential benefits for managing emerging technologies, achieving desirable policy outcomes with this novel regulatory instrument also comes with technical and political challenges. This article offers a framework to characterize regulatory sandboxes in any sector, involving a blend of (1) approval regulation with broad‐based standards, (2) restricted discretion by the regulator for specific norms, (3) process‐oriented regulation, (4) an outcomes‐orientation, and (5) structured regulator–regulatee information sharing or dialogue. Using this model, the article outlines issues in compliance and legitimacy, including in trust and accountability, responsive enforcement, the politics of participation, and post‐sandbox oversight. The article concludes by calling for greater scrutiny when considering implementing a sandbox instrument, with attention to sector‐specific concerns, and offering directions for empirical evaluation of regulatory sandboxes.
Identifying supply and demand shocks in the South African Economy, 1960–2020
Authors: Fedderke Johannes W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper addresses the identification of supply and demand shocks in the South African economy over the 1960–2020 period, the relative importance of the two types of shock to fluctuations of growth and inflation from their steady‐state values, as well as the potential impact of the two types of shocks on the steady‐state growth and inflation values. Crucially, the paper examines the significance of three alternative identification strategies on the nature of supply and demand shocks and their impact on the economy: zero shock covariance in the presence of long‐run demand neutrality; non‐zero shock covariance in the presence of long‐run demand neutrality and long‐run demand non‐neutrality with zero shock covariance. Interest lies in which of the identification strategies provides shock decompositions that are theoretically coherent and congruent with the empirics of South African growth and inflation. Results support non‐zero shock covariance in the presence of long‐run demand neutrality identification. The analysis suggests that growth shocks in South Africa are dominated by supply shocks, and inflation shocks by demand shocks. Further, negative supply shocks lower steady state growth and raise steady‐state inflation, while positive demand shocks only raise steady‐state inflation and are growth neutral. South Africa appears relatively isolated from international productivity shocks.
The use of medium cutoff dialyzers in patients with multiple myeloma and acute kidney injury requiring hemodialysis: A systematic review
Authors: Koniman Riece , Teo Su Hooi , Kaushik Manish , Nagarajan Chandramouli , Tan Melinda Si Yun , Tan Han Khim , Ramirez Maria Erika Gapas , Lim Cynthia Ciwei ,   S.I.N:G.A.P.O.R.E Initiative (Science In Nephrology: Growth And Progress Of Research & Education)
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground: Patients with multiple myeloma and high serum levels of circulating free light chains (FLC) have increased risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) secondary to cast nephropathy and is associated with poor survival. Despite removal of FLC by medium cutoff (MCO) dialyzer, the role of MCO hemodialysis (HD) in the treatment of cast nephropathy and its clinical benefits remain unknown. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to establish the effectiveness of MCO dialyzer and clinical outcomes, compared to other forms of dialyzers in the removal of FLC, in myeloma patients with AKI. The primary outcome was effectiveness of MCO‐HD in reducing serum FLC. The secondary outcomes were HD independence, estimated glomerular filtrate rate, mortality rates, length of hospitalization, rebound of serum FLC before the next dialysis, removal of other molecules during dialysis, and adverse events. Results: We identified three case series, with a total of 17 patients. There were no randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or cohort studies. These case series showed that MCO dialyzer was effective in the removal of FLC and led to a reduction in FLC concentration post‐dialysis. The majority of the case series did not have comparator arm and renal and/or other clinical outcomes. Conclusion: MCO dialyzer appeared to be effective in the removal of FLC based on the existing limited data. However, more data, particularly large‐scale RCTs, are needed to assess the use of MCO dialyzer in reducing serum FLC and its effect on clinical outcomes in patients with multiple myeloma and AKI.
Severe diabetic foot infections without systemic inflammatory response syndrome: Prospective validation of a new category
Authors: Aragón‐Sánchez Javier , Víquez‐Molina Gerardo , López‐Valverde María Eugenia , Rojas‐Bonilla José María 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe aimed to validate the prognostic value of subclassifying moderate diabetic foot infections into two categories: moderate and moderate/severe. We conducted a prospective study of a cohort of 200 patients with moderate and severe infections. Moderate infections were subclassified after applying a previously published score. Variables associated with prognosis were: need for any amputation, major amputation, need for hospitalisation, length of hospitalisation, length of antibiotic therapy, reinfection rate and infection‐related mortality. Infections were moderate in 111 cases (55.5%) and severe in 89 (44.5%). Osteomyelitis (OM) was diagnosed in 114 cases (57%), 73 moderate (36.5%) and 41 severe (20.5%). Patients with severe OM had a higher rate of amputations, major amputations, hospitalisations and need for antibiotic therapy, and a longer duration of antibiotics when compared with moderate OM. After applying the score, moderate infections were subclassified into 73 moderate cases (65.7%) and 38 moderate/severe cases (34.3%). Moderate/severe had a higher rate of amputations, major amputations, hospitalisations and need for antibiotics than moderate ones. No differences regarding prognosis were found between moderate/severe and severe infections with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Moderate/severe diabetic foot infections, which could also be known as severe infections without systemic inflammatory response syndrome, should be recognised as a new subgroup. We propose to merge severe diabetic foot infections with and without systemic inflammatory response syndrome into a unique category due to its prognostic value. Furthermore, OM should be added to both moderate and severe new categories of diabetic foot infections.
Evaluation of foot ulcer incidence in diabetic patients at a diabetic foot ulcer prevention clinic over a 10‐year period
Authors: Oe Makoto , Fukuda Mayu , Ohashi Yumiko , Shimojima Yuko , Tsuruoka Kahori , Qin Qi , Yamauchi Toshimasa , Sanada Hiromi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate diabetes patients over a 10‐year period that visited our outpatient clinic for prevention of diabetic foot ulcers and then investigate the incidence and aetiology of diabetic foot ulcers. The Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases of a university hospital was in charge of the clinic that provided diabetes patients with individual education via the use of visualisation techniques. In this prospective cohort study, a total of 942 diabetes patients who visited the clinic were evaluated for neuropathy, angiopathy and medical history between November 2006 and March 2017. Using the patients' medical records, diabetic foot ulcer development was evaluated between the day of the first visit and December 31, 2018, with 20 out of 942 participants developing these ulcers. Over a period of 12, 60 and 120 months, the diabetic foot ulcer cumulative incidence was 0.2%, 2.4% and 5.8%, respectively. A history of diabetic foot ulcers and the male sex were shown by a Cox regression analysis to be correlated with diabetic foot ulcer development (Hazard Ratio [HR] 11.55, 95%CI 4.600–29.004,p < 0.001; and HR 3.55, 95%CI 1.031–12.196,p = 0.045, respectively). However, only five out of 20 participants with ulceration returned to the clinic for re‐examination. In conclusion, a 12‐month evaluation showed there was a low incidence of diabetic foot ulcers. These results might suggest that patients with a diabetic foot ulcer history need to undergo at least an annual follow‐up in order to further reduce diabetic foot ulcer incidence, although studies involving control groups needs to be conducted, in presenting these as evidence.
Comorbidity patterns, family history and breast cancer risk: a latent class analysis
Authors: Dalmartello Michela , Vermunt Jeroen , Parazzini Fabio , Serraino Diego , Giacosa Attilio , Crispo Anna , Negri Eva , Levi Fabio , Pelucchi Claudio , La Vecchia Carlo 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundLimited evidence exists on how the presence of multiple conditions affects breast cancer (BC) risk.MethodsWe used data from a network hospital-based case–control study conducted in Italy and Switzerland, including 3034 BC cases and 3392 controls. Comorbidity patterns were identified using latent class analysis on a set of specific health conditions/diseases. A multiple logistic regression model was used to derive ORs and the corresponding 95% CIs for BC according to the patterns, adjusting for several covariates. A second model was fitted including an additional effect of FH on the comorbidity patterns.ResultsWith respect to the ‘healthy’ pattern, the ‘metabolic disorders’ one reported an OR of 1.23 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.49) and the ‘breast diseases’ an OR of 1.86 (95% CI 1.23 to 2.83). The remaining two patterns reported an inverse association with BC, with ORs of 0.77, significant only for the ‘hysterectomy, uterine fibroids and bilateral ovariectomy’. In the second model, FH was associated with an increased risk of the ‘breast diseases’ pattern (OR=4.09, 95% CI 2.48 to 6.74). Non-significant increased risk of the other patterns according to FH emerged.ConclusionWe identified mutually exclusive patterns of comorbidity, confirming the unfavourable role of those related to metabolic and breast disorders on the risk of BC, and the protective effect of those related to common surgical procedures. FH reported an incremented risk of all the comorbidity patterns.ImpactIdentifying clusters of comorbidity in patients with BC may help understand their effects and enable clinicians and policymakers to better organise patient and healthcare management.
Analysis of cervical HPV infections among unvaccinated young adult women to inform vaccine strategies in this age group: the Costa Rica HPV Vaccine Trial
Authors: Sierra Mónica S. , Tsang Sabrina H. , Porras Carolina , Herrero Rolando , Sampson Joshua N. , Cortes Bernal , Schussler John , Wagner Sarah , Carvajal Loretto , Quint Wim , Kreimer Aimée R. , Hu Shangying , Rodriguez Ana Cecilia , Romero Byron , Hildesheim Allan 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionHuman papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines protect against incident HPV infections, which cause cervical cancer.ObjectivesWe estimated the prevalence and incidence of HPV infections in young adult women to understand the impact of an HPV vaccination programme in this population.MethodsWe collected cervical specimens from 6322 unvaccinated women, aged 18–37 years, who participated in the Costa Rica Vaccine Trial and its long-term follow-up. Women were followed for (median) 4.8 years and had (median) 4.0 study visits. Cervical specimens were tested for the presence/absence of 25 HPV genotypes. For each age band, we estimated the percentage of women with 1+ prevalent or 1+ incident HPV infections using generalised estimating equations. We also estimated the prevalence and incidence of HPV as a function of time since first sexual intercourse (FSI).ResultsThe model estimated HPV incident infections peaked at 28.0% (95% CI 25.3% to 30.9%) at age 20 years then steadily declined to 11.8% (95% CI 7.6% to 17.8%) at age 37 years. Incident oncogenic HPV infections (HPV16/18/31/33/35/39/45/51/52/56/58/59) peaked and then declined from 20.3% (95% CI 17.9% to 22.9%) to 7.7% (95% CI 4.4% to 13.1%); HPV16/18 declined from 6.4% (95% CI 5.1% to 8.1%) to 1.1% (95% CI 0.33% to 3.6%) and HPV31/33/45/52/58 declined from 11.0% (95% CI 9.3% to 13.1%) to 4.5% (95% CI 2.2% to 8.9%) over the same ages. The percentage of women with 1+ incident HPV of any, oncogenic, non-oncogenic and vaccine-preventable (HPV16/18, HPV31/33/45, HPV31/33/45/52/58, and HPV6/11) types peaked <1 year after FSI and steadily declined with increasing time since FSI (p for trends <0.001). We observed similar patterns for model estimated HPV prevalences.ConclusionYoung adult women may benefit from HPV vaccination if newly acquired vaccine-preventable oncogenic infections lead to cervical precancer and cancer. HPV vaccination targeting this population may provide additional opportunities for primary prevention.Trial registration numberNCT00128661.
Type-specific concurrent anogenital HPV detection among young women and MSM attending Dutch sexual health clinics
Authors: Kusters Johannes MA , Heijne Janneke CM , van Benthem Birgit HB , King Audrey J , Schim van der Loeff Maarten F 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate type-specific concurrent anogenital human papillomavirus (HPV) detection and examine associations with concurrent detection.MethodsData from a Dutch repeated cross-sectional study among young sexual health clinic visitors (Papillomavirus Surveillance among STI clinic Youngsters in the Netherlands) between 2009 and 2019 were used. Cohen’s kappa was used to assess the degree of type-specific concordance of HPV detection between anal and genital sites for 25 HPV genotypes for women and men who have sex with men (MSM) separately. Associations with type-specific concurrent HPV were identified. Receptive anal intercourse (RAI) was forced into the model to investigate its influence.ResultsAmong women (n=1492), type-specific concurrent anogenital detection was common; kappa was above 0.4 for 20 genotypes. Among MSM (n=614), kappa was <0.4 for all genotypes. The only significant association with type-specific concurrent anogenital detection among women was genital chlamydia (adjusted OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.2). RAI was not associated.ConclusionsType-specific concurrent anogenital HPV detection was common among young women, and uncommon among MSM. For women, concurrent HPV detection was associated with genital chlamydia. Our results are suggestive of autoinoculation of HPV among women.
An anisotropic extension of Heintzmann IIa solution with vanishing complexity factor
Authors: Andrade J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis work is devoted to the construction of a new static and spherical solution for an anisotropic fluid distribution. The construction is based in the framework of gravitational decoupling through a particular case of the extended minimal geometric deformation called 2-steps GD. In this sense, the differential equations arising from gravitational decoupling are closed using the vanishing complexity factor. The Heintzmann IIa solution is used as seed solution. The solution fulfills the fundamental physical acceptability conditions for a restricted set of compactness parameters.
THE ROLE OF SLEEP DISTURBANCE, SLEEPINESS, AND FATIGUE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC NECK PAIN
Authors: Aldabbas Mosab M. , Tanwar Tarushi , Ghrouz Amer , Iram Iram , Veqar Zubia 
Published: July 2022

Background: Many physiological and psychological factors could play a significant role in acute and chronic neck pain, and they may delay the recovery process. Understanding the predictors for acute and chronic neck pain is essential to establishing effective management strategies for this population. Aims: To identify the risk factors for acute and chronic neck pain, to compare the variables (sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, fatigue, depression, anxiety, and disability) between acute and chronic stage of neck pain, and to examine the gender differences between these variables. Methods: Patients ([Formula: see text] = 436) with acute and chronic neck pain were included. They completed baseline questionnaires to report on the intensity of pain, sleep quality, sleepiness, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and disability. Results: Data analysis was performed using a linear regression and multivariate analysis of covariance to evaluate the predictors of acute and chronic neck pain, and to compare the study variables between acute and chronic neck pain as well as to explore the presence of a gender bias. Poor sleep quality was the only predictor of acute neck pain. Poor sleep quality, sleepiness, and fatigue were significant predictors of chronic neck pain. Also, the score of these predictors was higher among chronic neck patients compared to acute conditions. Conclusion: Sleep disturbances, sleepiness, and fatigue are important predictors of chronic neck pain. The findings highlight the importance of addressing these factors in the assessment and management of neck pain conditions.
CHANGES IN ANKLE PROPRIOCEPTION WITH SEVERITY OF OSTEOARTHRITIS OF KNEE
Authors: Shetty Samiksha , Eapen Charu , Prabhakar Ashish J 
Published: July 2022

Background: Ankle proprioception may be affected in knee Osteoarthritis (OA), but there is a lack of evidence showing changes in ankle proprioception within the grades of severity of knee OA. Objective: To assess ankle proprioception in patients with knee OA and find its change within the grades of severity of knee OA knee based on the Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) classification. A secondary aim was to see the association between ankle proprioception and functional status. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study. Sixty-three patients with knee OA were included in the study. X-rays of the patients were interpreted according to KL classification system to grade the severity of knee OA by an experienced orthopedic surgeon. Ankle joint reposition sense (reposition error) was measured using the active to active method with the Saunders digital inclinometer. The assessor was blinded to the grades of the knee OA. The functional status was evaluated using the WOMAC scale. Results: The mean joint reposition error was 2.68 ± 1.80 (0.33-8.33), and WOMAC scores were 45.99 ± 11.67 (30.2–84.37). The WOMAC scores were significant ([Formula: see text] = 0.005) but not the joint reposition error ([Formula: see text] = 0.14) with the increasing severity of knee OA. When compared within the grades of severity, both were not significant. The correlation between WOMAC scores and joint reposition error scores was [Formula: see text] = 0.16 and [Formula: see text] = 0.22. Conclusion: The joint reposition error did not vary with the severity of knee OA within the grades. It was also not found to be associated with the functional status of knee
Global Diversification and the Cost of Equity
Authors: Jiang Xiaowen , Lin Ling , Sen Pradyot K. 
Published: July 2022

The conventional view in the standard finance textbooks is that organizational form does not matter for a firm’s cost of capital because firm diversification reduces only idiosyncratic risk and not systematic risk. In this study, we investigate the effect of global diversification on the ex-ante cost of equity implied by the residual income valuation model (Ohlson, Earnings, book value and dividends in security valuations. Contemporary Accounting Research, 11(2), 661–687, 1995), using a sample of US firms from 1997 to 2019. Employing the empirical approach developed in Easton et al. (Using forecasts of earnings to simultaneously estimate growth and the rate of return on equity investment. Journal of Accounting Research, 40(3), 657–676, 2002), our results suggest that global diversification reduces the cost of equity capital for both single-segment firms and multi-segment firms. Our results highlight the effect of global diversification on the equity risk reduction, which may explain the increasing proliferation of foreign operations among US firms — a trend that neither the cash flow effect nor the capital structure effect proposed in previous studies can explain.
ZnO:Fe3O4Nanoparticles Produced by Cold Plasma: Synthesis, Characterization and Anti-Microbial Activity
Authors: Mazhir Sabah N. , Ali Alyaa H. , Abdalameer Nisreen Kh. , Qasim Shaymaa A. 
Published: July 2022

The cold atmospheric plasma in liquid (CAPL) technique was carried out in DI water as the solution to create Fe3O4-doped ZnO nanoparticles by adjusting the concentration (0.01, 0.02 and 0.03) M at ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]kV, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mA and flow rate = 3[Formula: see text]L/min), while the exposure period was 3[Formula: see text]min. A UV-Vis. spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction and field emission spectroscopy (FE-SEM) were used. The energy of the bandgap was discovered to be (2.95–2.85) eV. The form and dimensions obtained by FE-SEM have not changed much. All materials were tested against inactivated positive and negative gram bacteria (S. aureaus and E. coli) and showed promising antibacterial capabilities, especially Fe3O4-doped ZnO, which can inactivate bacteria under typical laboratory light.