bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of telomere length and telomere attrition using a genetic risk score: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA)
Authors: Castro-Diehl Cecilia , Smith Jennifer A. , Zhao Wei , Wang Xu , Mukherjee Bhramar , Seeman Teresa , Needham Belinda L. 
Published: October 2022

Background: Short telomere length (TL) and telomere attrition (TA) have been associated with age-related diseases.Objective: We assessed whether a genetic risk score for short TL (GRS-TL) combining seven TL-associated genetic variants identified in a European-ancestry genome-wide association study (GWAS) was associated with TL and TA over 10 years.Methods: Relative TL (T/S ratio) was measured by the quantitative polymerase chain reaction method for a sample of white, African American, and Hispanic participants, who attended Exam 1 and/or 5 of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Our final sample included 1,227 participants for the TL analysis and 1,138 for the TA analysis. Participants were 45–84 years at Exam 1. We used a linear mixed effects model and adjusted for age, sex, and population structure. Models were stratified by race/ethnicity.Results: In the TL analysis, higher GRS-TL significantly predicted shorter TL (estimates = -0.18 [S.E. = 0.08], p = 0.02 for white; -0.18 [0.07], p &lt; 0.01 for African American; and -0.13 [0.05], p = 0.02 for Hispanic) in fully adjusted models. In the TA analysis, no association between GRS-TL and TA over 10 years was found.Conclusion: Although GRS-TL was developed in European-ancestry populations, it was significantly associated with TL (but not TA) in all three race/ethnic groups examined.
Feasibility of transoral robotic selective neck dissection with or without a postauricular incision for papillary thyroid carcinoma: A pilot study
Authors: Tae Kyung , Choi Hae Won , Ji Yong Bae , Song Chang Myeon , Park Jung Hwan , Kim Dong Sun 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundThe study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of transoral robotic selective neck dissection (SND) with or without a postauricular incision for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).MethodsWe studied 14 patients with PTC who underwent robotic SND via the transoral or combined transoral and postauricular approaches.ResultsThe transoral approach was performed on 10 patients for dissection of levels III and IV. An additional postauricular incision was made on 4 patients for dissection of level II in addition to levels III, IV, and V. The operation was completed successfully in 13 patients, except 1 patient with the procedure conversion due to uncontrolled bleeding from the internal jugular vein. The mean numbers of removed lymph nodes in the lateral compartment were 23.1 ± 9.4 and 38.3 ± 8.5 in the transoral and combined groups. Transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy occurred in 1 patient, transient hypoparathyroidism in 3 patients, and chyle leakage in 1 patient. There were no hematomas, mental nerve injuries, surgical space infections, or CO2 embolisms.ConclusionTransoral robotic SND is feasible with or without a postauricular incision.
Meta-analysis of robotic versus open pancreaticoduodenectomy in all patients and pancreatic cancer patients
Authors: Fu Yibo , Qiu Jiangdong , Yu Yiqi , Wu Danning , Zhang Taiping 
Published: October 2022

PurposesTo compare perioperative outcomes of robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy (RPD) to open pancreaticoduodenectomy (OPD) using evidence from cohort studies.MethodsOutcomes of interest include operative time, blood loss, R0 resection rate, lymph nodes harvested, overall complication rate, pancreatic fistula rate, delayed gastric emptying rate and 90-day mortality.Results6 prospective studies and 15 retrospective studies were included. Five of these studies were limited to patients with pancreatic cancer. Operative time was significantly longer in RPD (WMD: 64.60 min; 95% CI: 26.89 to 102.21; p = 0.001). Estimated blood loss was lower in RPD (WMD: −185.44 ml; 95% CI: −239.66 to −131.21; p &lt; 0.001). Overall complication rates (OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.44 to 0.97; p &lt; 0.001) and pancreatic fistula rate (OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.55 to 0.82; p &lt; 0.001) were both lower in RPD. Length of hospital stay was longer in OPD (WMD: −1.90; 95% CI: −2.47 to −1.33). 90-day mortality was lower in RPD [odds ratio (OR): 0.77; 95% CI: 0.45 to 0.95; p = 0.025].ConclusionAt current level of evidence, RPD is a safer alternative than OPD with regard to post-operative outcomes and blood loss. However, in terms of oncological outcomes RPD show no advantage over OPD, and the cost of RPD was higher. In general, RPD is now considered a reliable technology, but high-quality randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies are still needed to support this conclusion.
Artefactos líticos de superficie procedentes de Zúñiga (Navarra)
Authors: Fernández Eraso Javier , García Rojas Maite , Arroniz Miguel Ángel 
Published: October 2022

Resumen:
En este trabajo se recoge el estudio de ciento noventa y nueve evidencias líticas recuperadas en superficie en once lugares dentro del término municipal de Zúñiga (Navarra). Se trata de un conjunto muy variado en cuanto a las materias primas en las que están fabricados los diferentes artefactos (cuarcita o sílex), a su tipología y al periodo cronológico al que pueden ser adscritos, comprendiendo desde un Paleolítico antiguo hasta el Calcolítico.
Faktor Risiko Kejadian Stunting Pada Anak Balita Usia 3- 5 Tahun
Authors: Wulandari Umianita Risca , Kumalasari Dian 
Published: October 2022

Stunting merupakan masalah gizi yang disebabkan karena kekurangan asupan nutrisi dalam waktu yang lama. Stunting mulai bisa dilihat sejak anak usia 2 tahun.. Berdasarkan data yang ada jumlah balita dengan stunting di Indonesia pada tahun 2020 masih melebihi target minimal yang telah ditetapkan, begitu juga stunting yang ada di Jawa Timur. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara berat badan lahir dan status pemberian ASI Ekslusif terhadap Kejadian stunting di Kota Kediri. Penelitian dilakukan di Wilayah Puskesmas Balowerti Kota Kediri pada bulan Mei tahun 2021. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah desain cross sectional . Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 30 balita usia 3-5 tahun yang stunting dan yang tidak stunting, dengan perbandingan 3 : 7. Jenis Analisa data yang digunakan menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil Analisa data didapatkan bahwa nilai signifikansi pada kedua variabel sebesar < dari 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara berat badan lahir dan status pemberian ASI Ekslusif dengan kejadian stunting pada balita usia 3-5 tahun. Hal tersebut membuktikan bahwa bayi yang lahir dengan berat badan lahir normal dan diberikan ASI Ekslusif akan mengurangi risiko mengalami stunting.
Kata Kunci : Faktor risiko, stunting, balita, 3-5 tahun
Pengaruh Status Gizi Prenatal Ibu terhadap Kualitas Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Anak
Authors: Nurahmawati Dhewi , Mulazimah Mulazimah , Puspitasari Pipit 
Published: October 2022

Golden age merupakan periode penting dalam masa perkembangan anak. Masa golden age adalah masa emas pada anak-anak di awal kehidupannya yaitu pada 1000 hari kehidupan. Pada fase ini pertumbuhan anak berkembang begitu pesat. Kesehatan ibu hamil pada fase ini sangat penting terutama dalam meningkatkan status gizi selama kehamilan yang dapat dinilai melalui LiLA, pertambahan berat badan dan kadar Hemoglobin (Hb). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh status gizi prenatal ibu terhadap kualitas pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak di wilayah kerja Puskemas Pembatu Desa Kepel, Kecamatan Ngetos, Kabupaten Nganjuk. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan desain cross sectional study. Metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purpose sampling yaitu 59 balita Variabel Independent penelitian ini adalah status gizi (LiLA, pertambahan berat badan selama kehamilan, kadar hemoglobin) dan variable dependent pada penelitian ini adalah hasil tumbuh kembang anak usia 6 -72 bulan. Analisis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Chi-square. Terdapat pengaruh signifikan antara status gizi (LiLA p=0.01, pertambahan Berat badan p=0.01 dan Kadar hemoglobin p=0.03) ibu saat kehamilan terhadap kualitas pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak usia 3 – 72 bulan. Kesehatan ibu yang baik saat hamil memiliki peranan penting dalam pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bayi sejak dalam kandungan dan bayi setelah dilahirkan. Ibu yang sehat akan melahirkan anak yang sehat.
KARAKTERISTIK MUTU BERAS DI BERBAGAI PENGGILINGAN PADA SENTRA PADI DI KALIMANTAN BARAT
Authors: David Jhon H , Kartinaty Tietyk 
Published: October 2022

Mutu beras secara umum dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik dan lingkungan. Sesuai dengan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 6128:2015, mutu beras giling meliputi kriteria rendemen beras kepala, rendemen beras giling, persentase beras pecah, dan derajat sosoh. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengidentifikasi mutu beras di berbagai pengilingan padi dan hubungannya dengan standar mutu beras konsumsi di Kalimantan Barat. Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2018 dengan objek penelitian unit penggilingan padi, kemudian dilanjutkan analisa karakteristik mutu beras di laboratorium. Lokasi penelitian merupakan sentra utama penghasil beras yaitu Kabupaten Sambas dan Kubu Raya. Komponen mutu yang di amati meliputi meliputi, ukuran dan bentuk beras, kadar air, derajat sosoh/derajat putih, persentase beras kepala, butir pecah, butir menir, butir kuning-rusak, dan butir mengapur). Hasil penelitian di dua Kabupaten menunjukkan mutu yang relatif sama, kadar air <14%, bentuk butiran ramping (rasio p/l:3,0-3,4), berukuran panjang (6.6-6,8 mm), persentase beras kepala (>65%), berwarna putih (derajat sosoh >90%), butir patah <28%, menir <2%, butir mengapur <4%, butir kuning-rusak <5%, tingkat kepulenan nasi sedang (kadar amilosa 21-23%) dengan tekstur nasi sedang (konsistensi gel 56~60 mm), dan kadar protein 7%. Pemahaman akan pentingnya tentang mutu beras di tingkat penggilingan masih relatif rendah. Diperlukan sosialisasi standar dan labeling komponen mutu beras secara intensif sehingga pemilik penggilingan padi termotivasi meningkatkan mutu beras.
INTENSITAS SERANGAN HAMA PENGGEREK BUAH KOPI (Hipothenemus hampei Ferr.) PADA TINGKAT UMUR TANAMAN YANG BERBEDA DAN UPAYA PENGENDALIAN MEMANFAATKAN ATRAKTAN
Authors: Girsang Warlinson , Purba Rosmadelina , Rudiyantono Rudiyantono 
Published: October 2022

Penelitian dilaksanakan di kebun kopi rakyat di Kecamatan Purba Kabupaten Simalungun (± 1.100 m dpl), pada 4 jenis tingkat umur kopi yang berbeda. Waktu pelaksanaan penelitian bulan Februari - April 2019. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui intensitas serangan hama Hypothenemus hampei Ferr pada berbagai tingkat umur tanaman sebelum dan sesudah pemasangan atraktan serta untuk mengetahui jenis antraktan yang efektif untuk pengendalian Hypothenemus hampei Ferr. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok. Faktor yang diteliti yaitu intensitas serangan hama penggerek buah kopi pada lahan pertanaman umur 3, 5, 7, dan 9 tahun dan pengujian 3 jenis senyawa atraktan sintesis merek dagang yaitu Hypotan 500 SL, Koptan dan Antrakop 500 L untuk memerangkap serangga penggerek buah kopi. Parameter pengamatan yaitu intensitas serangan penggerek buah kopi sebelum pemasangan atraktan, jumlah penggerek buah kopi yang terperangkap atraktan, jenis serangga lain yang terperangkap selain Hypothenemus hampei Ferr, dan intensitas serangan penggerek buah kopi setelah pemasangan atraktan. Hasil penelitian, bahwa penggunaan atraktan sebagai perangkap hama pada pertanaman kopi umur 5 tahun, 7 tahun, dan 9 tahun mampu menurunkan intensitas serangan Hypothenemus hampei Ferr dari kategori intensitas serangan sedang menjadi kategori intensitas serangan ringan. Efektifitas jenis atraktan yang digunakan relatif tidak berbeda untuk memerangkap hama Hypothenemus hampei Ferr.
Rancang Bangun Alat Pelipat Pakaian Otomatis Menggunakan Sensor Shield Berbasis Arduino Uno
Authors: Sibuea Sondang , Setiadi Dedi , Widodo Yohanes Bowo , Saputra Lingga Hanggada Adi 
Published: October 2022

Teknologi saat ini sangat berkembang dengan munculya peralatan-peralatan canggih. Teknologi tersebut banyak digunakan untuk memudahkan orang untuk berkarya membuat alat yang dapat digunakan untuk membantu manusia, salah satunya adalah menciptakan alat melipat pakaian otomatis yang dapat digunakan di rumah atau di perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang usaha laundry. Upaya ini dilakukan untuk membantu pekerjaan manusia, dimana dirancang suatu alat canggih yang berfungsi untuk melipat pakaian secara otomatis yang sebelumnya dilakukan secara manual. Dalam Rancang bangun alat pelipat kain otomatis ini, beberapa komponen perangkat keras yang digunakan adalah Power Supply, Saklar On/Off, Sensor Ultrasonik, Motor Servo, Buzzer, Sensor Shield dan Arduino Uno. Perangkat lunak (software) yang digunakan untuk menjalankan rancangan alat tersebut ialah Arduino IDE, dimana Arduino IDE ini dapat membuat, mengedit dan mengupload instruksi-instruki program kedalam Arduino Uno. Bahasa pemrograman yang dipakai dalam membuat atau menjalankan program pelipat pakaian otomatis ini adalah menggunakan bahasa pemrograman C. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendeketan kualitatif yaitu dengan Research Development (RD), yaitu penelitian yang bisa dipahami dengan cara melihat, mengamati atau mencari, sehingga rangkaian kegiatan yang dilakukan mendapatkan pemahaman yang lebih komprehensif dari suatu hal yang diteliti. Dengan adanya alat pelipat pakaian otomatis tersebut diharapkan dapat membantu dalam hal melipat pakaian dengan rapih, menghemat tenaga dan waktu.
Znaczenie suwerenności w demokratycznym państwie prawa
Authors: Wituła Natalia 
Published: October 2022

Suwerenność jawi się, jako trudna do zdefiniowania. Jest istotnym przymiotem, właściwym nie tylko jednostce ludzkiej, obdarzonej wolną wolą i rozumem - z których wypływa przyrodzona godność i prawo naturalne - ale także wszelkich tworów, które tworzy i na które wpływa, takich jak rodzina, społeczeństwo, naród, czy wreszcie – państwo. Nie dotyczy ona li tylko aspektów politycznych, ale przez swą kompleksowość, można o niej mówić we wszelkich aspektach dotyczących życia ludzkiego. Suwerenna władza ludzi, jako ogółu obywateli, jest powołana do tego, aby realizować swoje prawo do wolności i decydować o przyszłości kraju, którego naród stanowią. Ma ona niebagatelne znaczenie, jednak jej rozumienie w dyskursie jest problematyczne. Celem pracy jest próba scharakteryzowania suwerenności oraz odpowiedzi na pytanie, jakie ma znaczenie w demokratycznym państwie prawa. Praca jest podzielona na trzy swoiste części. Pierwsza z nich omawia pojęcia suwerenności oraz demokracji. Kolejna odwołuje się do suwerenności z perspektywy bytu ludzkiego, państwa oraz organizacji ponadnarodowych. Ostatnia zamyka się w konkluzjach i wnioskach.
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ ENGAGEMENT IN SPEAKING THROUGH THINK- PAIR-SHARE TECHNIQUE (A Classroom Action Research at Ma’had al-Jami’ah IAIN Pontianak)
Authors: Adawiyah Jazilatul 
Published: October 2022

This study aimed to improve Students’ engagement in speaking activities through Think-Pair-Share (TPS) technique. The TPS was used in this classroom action research (CAR) as a technique of teaching speaking in English under collaborative learning strategy. The study was conducted at Ma’had al-Jami’ah (boarding) IAIN Pontianak which involved twenty- five students as participants. Additionally, this study aimed to learn about the problem faced in the learning process through observations and reflections. The data of the research were qualitative and quantitative analysis. They were collected through classroom observations, field note takings and recordings. To analyze the data, the researcher used qualitative analyses by interpreting the data to find clear pictures of the students’ engagement. However, quantitative analyses were also used to support the interpretation. Through three cycles of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting procedures, it was found that the students’ engagement improved when the learners were actively participated in the implementation of Think-Pair-Share technique. The research findings showed that in the first cycle 41.6 %, the second cycle 60 %, and the third cycle was 75.6 %. Keywords: Engagement, Speaking activities, TPS
INVESTIGATING PROBLEMS FACED BY STUDENTS IN LISTENING SECTION OF TOEFL TEST
Authors: Romadhon Romadhon 
Published: October 2022

Finding out what holds back students from doing well on the TOEFL listening exam is central to this study's overall aim. In this study, the quantitative descriptive approach was used. A sample of 36 participants from Piksi Input Serang's fifth semester accounting diploma class served as the basis sample for this study. The study instrument was based on an instrument cited from Hamouda (2013). There are a total of 27 inquiries spread across 7 sections in the questionnaire. The majority of participants, as measured by both mean and dominating factor, identify problems with the physical environment, such as distractions from background noise and distorted audio from a low-quality CD player, as significant barriers to their studies. It's safe to say that the participants have it toughest when it comes to the listening test's actual material and environment.
On the Formation of Over-ionized Plasma in Evolved Supernova Remnants
Authors: Katsuragawa Miho , Lee Shiu-Hang , Odaka Hirokazu , Bamba Aya , Matsumura Hideaki , Takahashi Tadayuki 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
One of the outstanding mysteries surrounding the rich diversity found in supernova remnants (SNRs) is the recent discovery of over-ionized or recombining plasma from a number of dynamically evolved objects. To help decipher its formation mechanism, we have developed a new simulation framework capable of modeling the time evolution of the ionization state of the plasma in an SNR. The platform is based on a one-dimensional hydrodynamics code coupled to a fully time-dependent nonequilibrium ionization calculation, accompanied by a spectral synthesis code to generate space-resolved broadband X-ray spectra for SNRs at arbitrary ages. We perform a comprehensive parametric survey to investigate the effects of different circumstellar environments on the ionization state evolution in SNRs up to a few 104 yr. A two-dimensional parameter space, spanned by arrays of interstellar medium (ISM) densities and mass-loss rates of the progenitor, is used to create a grid of models for the surrounding environment, in which a core-collapse explosion is triggered. Our results show that a recombining plasma can be successfully reproduced in the case of a young SNR (a few 100 to 1000 yr old) expanding fast in a spatially extended low-density wind, an old SNR (>a few 1000 yr) expanding in a dense ISM, or an old SNR broken out from a confined dense wind region into a tenuous ISM. Finally, our models are confronted with observations of evolved SNRs, and an overall good agreement is found except for a couple of outliers.
A Generative Model for Quasar Spectra
Authors: Eilers Anna–Christina , Hogg David W. , Schölkopf Bernhard , Foreman-Mackey Daniel , Davies Frederick B. , Schindler Jan–Torge 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We build a multi-output generative model for quasar spectra and the properties of their black hole engines, based on a Gaussian process latent-variable model. This model treats every quasar as a vector of latent properties such that the spectrum and all physical properties of the quasar are associated with non-linear functions of those latent parameters; the Gaussian process kernel functions define priors on the function space. Our generative model is trained with a justifiable likelihood function that allows us to treat heteroscedastic noise and missing data correctly, which is crucial for all astrophysical applications. It can simultaneously predict unobserved spectral regions and the physical properties of quasars in held-out test data. We apply the model to rest-frame ultraviolet and optical quasar spectra for which precise black hole masses (based on reverberation-mapping measurements) are available. Unlike reverberation-mapping studies that require multi-epoch data, our model predicts black hole masses from single-epoch spectra—even with limited spectral coverage. We demonstrate the capabilities of the model by predicting black hole masses and unobserved spectral regions. We find that we predict black hole masses at close to the best possible accuracy.
The Formation of Monosubstituted Cyclopropenylidene Derivatives in the Interstellar Medium via Neutral–Neutral Reaction Pathways
Authors: Flint Athena R. , Fortenberry Ryan C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Five substituted cyclopropenylidene derivatives (c-C3HX, X=CN, OH, F, NH2), all currently undetected in the interstellar medium (ISM), are found herein to have mechanistically viable, gas-phase formation pathways through neutral–neutral additions of ·X onto c-C3H2. The detection and predicted formation mechanism of c-C3HC2H introduces a need for the chemistry of c-C3H2 and any possible derivatives to be more fully explored. Chemically accurate CCSD(T)-F12/cc-pVTZ-F12 calculations provide exothermicities of additions of various radical species to c-C3H2, alongside energies of submerged intermediates that are crossed to result in product formation. Of the novel reaction mechanisms proposed, the addition of the cyano radical is the most exothermic at -16.10 kcal mol−1. All five products are found to or are expected to have at least one means of associating barrierlessly to form a submerged intermediate, a requirement for the cold chemistry of the ISM. The energetically allowed additions arise as a result of the strong electrophilicity of the radical species as well as the product stability gained through substituent-ring conjugation.
Reduced Late Bombardment on Rocky Exoplanets around M Dwarfs
Authors: Lichtenberg Tim , Clement Matthew S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Ocean-vaporizing impacts of chemically reduced planetesimals onto the early Earth have been suggested to catalyze atmospheric production of reduced nitrogen compounds and trigger prebiotic synthesis despite an oxidized lithosphere. While geochemical evidence supports a dry, highly reduced late veneer on Earth, the composition of late-impacting debris around lower-mass stars is subject to variable volatile loss as a result of their hosts’ extended pre-main-sequence phase. We perform simulations of late-stage planet formation across the M-dwarf mass spectrum to derive upper limits on reducing bombardment epochs in Hadean-analog environments. We contrast the solar system scenario with varying initial volatile distributions due to extended primordial runaway greenhouse phases on protoplanets and the desiccation of smaller planetesimals by internal radiogenic heating. We find a decreasing rate of late-accreting reducing impacts with decreasing stellar mass. Young planets around stars ≤0.4 M
⊙ experience no impacts of sufficient mass to generate prebiotically relevant concentrations of reduced atmospheric compounds once their stars have reached the main sequence. For M-dwarf planets to not exceed Earth-like concentrations of volatiles, both planetesimals, and larger protoplanets must undergo extensive devolatilization processes and can typically emerge from long-lived magma ocean phases with sufficient atmophile content to outgas secondary atmospheres. Our results suggest that transiently reducing surface conditions on young rocky exoplanets are favored around FGK stellar types relative to M dwarfs.