bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nucleic acid–triggered tumoral immunity propagates pH‐selective therapeutic antibodies through tumor‐driven epitope spreading
Authors: Furuya Genta , Katoh Hiroto , Atsumi Shinichiro , Hashimoto Itaru , Komura Daisuke , Hatanaka Ryo , Senga Shogo , Hayashi Shuto , Akita Shoji , Matsumura Hirofumi , Miura Akihiro , Mita Hideaki , Nakakido Makoto , Nagatoishi Satoru , Sugiyama Akira , Suzuki Ryohei , Konishi Hiroki , Yamamoto Asami , Abe Hiroyuki , Hiraoka Nobuyoshi , Aoki Kazunori , Kato Yasumasa , Seto Yasuyuki , Yoshimura Chihoko , Miyadera Kazutaka , Tsumoto Kouhei , Ushiku Tetsuo , Ishikawa Shumpei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractImportant roles of humoral tumor immunity are often pointed out; however, precise profiles of dominant antigens and developmental mechanisms remain elusive. We systematically investigated the humoral antigens of dominant intratumor immunoglobulin clones found in human cancers. We found that approximately half of the corresponding antigens were restricted to strongly and densely negatively charged polymers, resulting in simultaneous reactivities of the antibodies to both densely sulfated glycosaminoglycans (dsGAGs) and nucleic acids (NAs). These anti‐dsGAG/NA antibodies matured and expanded via intratumoral immunological driving force of innate immunity via NAs. These human cancer–derived antibodies exhibited acidic pH–selective affinity across both antigens and showed specific reactivity to diverse spectrums of human tumor cells. The antibody‐drug conjugate exerted therapeutic effects against multiple cancers in vivo by targeting cell surface dsGAG antigens. This study reveals that intratumoral immunological reactions propagate tumor‐oriented immunoglobulin clones and demonstrates a new therapeutic modality for the universal treatment of human malignancies.
A contrastive learning‐based attention generative adversarial network for defect detection in colour‐patterned fabric
Authors: Zhang Hongwei , Chen Xiwei , Lu Shuai , Yao Le , Chen Xia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe pattern style of colour‐patterned fabrics is varied. Defective fabric samples are scarce in the production of small batches of colour‐patterned fabrics. Therefore, the unsupervised defect‐detection method for colour‐patterned fabric has attracted wide attention. Several unsupervised defect‐detection methods for colour‐patterned fabrics based on convolutional neural networks have been proposed. However, convolutional neural network methods cannot learn long‐range semantic information interaction well because of the intrinsic locality of convolution operations. Besides, as the number of layers in the convolutional neural network increases, the feature maps become more and more complex. Convolutional neural networks experience difficulties in coordinating numerous parameters and extracting key features from complex feature maps. Both these problems reduce the accuracy of the model for detecting defects in colour‐patterned fabrics. In this paper, we propose a Contrastive Learning‐based Attention Generative Adversarial Network (CLAGAN) for defect detection in colour‐patterned fabrics. The CLAGAN possesses two important parts: contrastive learning and a channel attention module. Contrastive learning captures long‐range dependencies by calculating the cosine similarity between different features. The channel attention module assigns different weights to each channel of the feature maps, and it enables the model to extract key features from those feature maps. The experimental results verified the effectiveness of the CLAGAN. It obtained values of 38.25% for intersection over union and of 51.67% for the F1‐measure on the YDFID‐2 public dataset.
In vivo molecular imaging of cardiac angiogenesis in persons with and without type 2 diabetes: A cross‐sectional 68 Ga‐RGD‐PET study
Authors: Laursen Jens Christian , Rasmussen Ida Kirstine Bull , Zobel Emilie Hein , Hasbak Philip , Holmvang Lene , Hansen Christian Stevns , von Scholten Bernt Johan , Frimodt‐Møller Marie , Rossing Peter , Hansen Tine Willum , Kjaer Andreas , Ripa Rasmus Sejersten 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsTo assess cardiac angiogenesis in type 2 diabetes by positron emission tomography (PET) tracer [68Ga]Ga‐NODAGA‐E[(cRGDyK)]2 (68Ga‐RGD) imaging.MethodsCross‐sectional study including 20 persons with type 2 diabetes and 10 non‐diabetic controls (CONs). Primary prespecified outcome was difference in cardiac angiogenesis (cardiac 68Ga‐RGD mean target‐to‐background ratio [TBRmean]) between type 2 diabetes and CONs. Secondary outcome was to investigate associations between cardiac angiogenesis and kidney function and other risk factors.ResultsParticipants with type 2 diabetes had a mean ± SD age of 61 ± 9 years, 30% were women, median (IQR) diabetes duration of 11 (6–19) years and 3 (15%) had a history of cardiovascular disease. The CONs had comparable age and sex distribution to the participants with type 2 diabetes, and none had a history of coronary artery disease. Myocardial flow reserve was lower in type 2 diabetes (2.7 ± 0.6) compared with CONs (3.4 ± 1.2) ( p = 0.03) and coronary artery calcium score was higher (562 [142–905] vs. 1 [0–150] p = 0.04). Cardiac 68Ga‐RGD TBRmean was similar in participants with type 2 diabetes (0.89 ± 0.09) and CONs (0.89 ± 0.10) ( p = 0.92). Cardiac 68Ga‐RGD TBRmean was not associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate, urine albumin creatinine ratio, cardiovascular disease, coronary artery calcium score or baroreflex sensitivity, neither in pooled analyses nor in type 2 diabetes.ConclusionsCardiac angiogenesis, evaluated with 68Ga‐RGD PET, was similar in type 2 diabetes and CONs. Cardiac angiogenesis was not associated with kidney function or other risk markers in pooled analyses or in analyses restricted to type 2 diabetes.
Lysine demethylase KDM5B down‐regulates SIRT3‐mediated mitochondrial glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic neuropathy
Authors: Jiao Yang , Li Yi‐Ze , Zhang Yue‐Hua , Cui Wei , Li Qing , Xie Ke‐Liang , Yu Yang , Yu Yong‐Hao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundDiabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common neurological complication of diabetes mellitus without efficient interventions. Both lysine demethylase 5B (KDM5B) and sirtuin‐3 (SIRT3) have been found to regulate islet function and glucose homeostasis. KDM5B was predicted to bind to the SIRT3 promoter by bioinformatics. Here, we investigated whether KDM5B affected DPN development via modulating SIRT3.MethodsThe db/db mice and high glucose‐stimulated Schwann cells (RSC96) were used as in vivo and in vitro models of DPN, respectively. Glucose level, glucose and insulin tolerance of mice were measured. Neurological function was evaluated by motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), tactile allodynia assay and thermal sensitivity assay. Adenosine triphosphate level, oxygen consumption rate, extracellular acidification rate, β‐oxidation rate, acetyl‐CoA level, acetylation levels and activities of long‐chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) were detected. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay was adopted to determine cell viability. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was detected by MitoSox staining. Western blotting for measuring target protein levels. Molecular mechanisms were investigated by co‐immunoprecipitine (Co‐IP), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase reporter assay.ResultsKDM5B was up‐regulated, while SIRT3 was down‐regulated in DPN models. SIRT3 overexpression or AMPK activation ameliorated mitochondrial metabolism dysfunction and ROS overproduction during DPN. KDM5B overexpression triggered mitochondrial metabolism disorder and oxidative stress via directly transcriptional inhibiting SIRT3 expression by demethylating H3K4me3 or indirectly repressing AMPK pathway‐regulated SIRT3 expression.ConclusionKDM5B contributes to DPN via regulating SIRT3‐mediated mitochondrial glucose and lipid metabolism. KDM5B inhibition may be an effective intervention for DPN.
Higher turnout increases incumbency advantages: Evidence from mayoral elections
Authors: Frank Marco , Stadelmann David , Torgler Benno 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe analyze the effect of electoral turnout on incumbency advantages by exploring mayoral elections in the German state of Bavaria. Mayors are elected by majority rule in two‐round (runoff) elections. Between the first and second ballot of the mayoral election in March 2020, the state government announced an official state of emergency. In the second ballot, voting in person was prohibited and only postal voting was possible. To construct an instrument for electoral turnout, we use a difference‐in‐differences strategy by contrasting turnout in the first and second ballot in 2020 with the first and second ballots from previous elections. We use this instrument to analyze the causal effect of turnout on incumbent vote shares. A 10‐percentage point increase in turnout leads to a statistically robust 3.4 percentage point higher vote share for incumbent mayors highlighting the relevance of turnout‐related incumbency advantages.
A global meta‐analysis reveals higher variation in breeding phenology in urban birds than in their non‐urban neighbours
Authors: Capilla‐Lasheras Pablo , Thompson Megan J. , Sánchez‐Tójar Alfredo , Haddou Yacob , Branston Claire J. , Réale Denis , Charmantier Anne , Dominoni Davide M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCities pose a major ecological challenge for wildlife worldwide. Phenotypic variation, which can result from underlying genetic variation or plasticity, is an important metric to understand eco‐evolutionary responses to environmental change. Recent work suggests that urban populations might have higher levels of phenotypic variation than non‐urban counterparts. This prediction, however, has never been tested across species nor over a broad geographical range. Here, we conducted a meta‐analysis of the avian literature to compare urban versus non‐urban means and variation in phenology (i.e. lay date) and reproductive effort (i.e. clutch size, number of fledglings). First, we show that urban populations reproduce earlier and have smaller broods than non‐urban conspecifics. Second, we show that urban populations have higher phenotypic variation in laying date than non‐urban populations. This result arises from differences between populations within breeding seasons, conceivably due to higher landscape heterogeneity in urban habitats. These findings reveal a novel effect of urbanisation on animal life histories with potential implications for species adaptation to urban environments (which will require further investigation). The higher variation in phenology in birds subjected to urban disturbance could result from plastic responses to a heterogeneous environment, or from higher genetic variation in phenology, possibly linked to higher evolutionary potential.
The colonisation of saline waters is associated with lowered immune responses in aquatic beetles
Authors: Botella‐Cruz María , Pallarés Susana , Velasco Josefa , Moody A. John , Billington Richard , Millán Andrés , Bilton David T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

The immune response represents a suite of evolved traits that can involve energetic and evolutionary trade‐offs with other energy‐demanding and fitness‐related processes. Here, we tested the hypothesis that aquatic beetles living in inland hypersaline habitats have lower immune capacity than freshwater congeners.

Phenoloxidase activity, encapsulation response and antimicrobial peptide activity were compared in freshwater/hypersaline species pairs with differing osmoregulatory capacity and cuticular waterproofing properties in the genera Nebrioporus (Dytiscidae) and Enochrus (Hydrophilidae), independent evolutionary lineages that have colonised saline media separately.

Hypersaline species (N. ceresyi and E. jesusarribasi) showed significantly lower phenoloxidase activity and antimicrobial peptide responses than their freshwater relatives (N. clarkii and E. salomonis). Encapsulation responses in freshwater species also appeared to be higher than in hypersaline relatives.

Our results reinforce the complex nature of immune responses and suggest that adaptation to saline environments may have involved a trade‐off between osmoregulation and investment in immune defences, but also are consistent with relaxed selection pressures on basal immune responses resulting from lower microbial infection load in saline habitats. In addition, the more resistant cuticle of species occupying such habitats may protect against the entry of parasites, reducing selection pressure on immunity.

Because the evolution of salinity tolerance is associated with reduced immune capacity, saline specialists may be particularly vulnerable to the dilution of saline waters and consequent changes in pathogen communities and load following colonisation by more generalist microorganisms.
No strong evidence that modularity, specialization or nestedness are linked to seasonal climatic variability in bipartite networks
Authors: Brimacombe Chris , Bodner Korryn , Michalska‐Smith Matthew , Gravel Dominique , Fortin Marie‐Josée 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimGiven the influence of seasonality on most ecological systems, an emerging research area attempts to understand how community network structure is shaped by seasonal climatic variations. To do so, most researchers conduct their analyses using open networks due to the high cost associated with constructing their own community networks. However, unwanted structural differences from the unique sampling and construction methods used to create each open network likely make comparing these networks a difficult task. Here, with the largest set of open bipartite networks collected to date, we test whether seasonal climatic variations explain network structure while additionally accounting for construction/sampling differences between networks.LocationTrying to approach global.Time periodContemporary.Major taxa studiedPlants and animals.MethodsUsing 723 open bipartite networks, we test whether temperature and/or precipitation seasonality explains (un)weighted metrics of nestedness, modularity or specialization across plant–pollinator, seed‐dispersal, plant–ant, host–parasite or plant–herbivore systems.ResultsGenerally, seasonality only weakly explained network structure: at most 16% of the variation in weighted metrics and 5% of the variation in unweighted metrics. Instead, a control for sampling bias in networks, sampling intensity, often better explained many of the network structural metrics. When limiting our analyses to only intensely sampled networks, however, about 33% of the variation in weighted modularity and specialization was explained by seasonality, but only in plant–pollinator networks.Main conclusionsAltogether, we do not find strong evidence that seasonality explains network structure. Our study also highlights the large amount of structural differences in open networks, likely from the many different sampling and network construction techniques adopted by researchers when constructing networks. Hence, a definitive test for the relationship between network structure and seasonality across large spatial extents will require a dataset free from sampling and other biases, where networks are derived from a consistent sampling protocol that appropriately characterizes communities.
Insights into the antibacterial mechanism of ozone water combined with tea polyphenols against Shewanella putrefaciens: membrane disruption and oxidative stress
Authors: Lan Weiqing , Chen Xuening , Zhao Yanan , Xie Jing 
Published: September 2022

SummaryShewanella putrefaciens (S. putrefaciens) is the main specific spoilage organism (SSO) of marine fish during cold logistic process. To explore the antimicrobial mechanism of ozone water combined with tea polyphenol (TP) against S. putrefaciens, the growth condition, endogenous oxidative stress, changes of membrane integrity and energy metabolism enzyme were evaluated, respectively. As evidenced by the growth curve and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analysis, bacterial growth was inhibited, and death threat occurred. The increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) suggested intracellular oxidative stress was activated. Additionally, membrane integrity and metabolism functions were destroyed according to the results of alkaline phosphatase (AKPase), β‐galactosidase, transmembrane electrical potential, scanning electron microscope (SEM), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDHase). In summary, the inactivation of S. putrefaciens could be induced by the combination of ozone water and TP, which provided a theoretical basis for the sterilisation in aquatic products.
Formulation and characterization of Anacyclus Pyrethrum Emulgels and its in vitro and in vivo evaluation as cosmeceutical product
Authors: Qureshi Muhammad Saleem , Jamil Qazi Adnan , Akhtar Naveed , Akhtar Naheed 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundPlants containing high phenolic and flavonoids contents used widely as antioxidant agent by reducing skin photo damaging effects and play important role in skin rejuvenating.AimsThis study was performed to explore the cosmetic effects of Anacyclus Pyrethrum extract and to develop stable oil in water (O/W) emulsion base gel loaded with Anacyclus Pyrethrum 10% extract.ObjectiveTo explore and quantify phenols and flavonoids present in Anacyclus Pyrethrum extract and determine its cosmetic effects on human skin.MethodEmulgel formulation were developed by mixing o/w emulsion with carbopol gelling agent loaded with Anacyclus Pyrethrum (AP) extract and base gel without AP extract. In vitro study was done for the evaluation of color change, liquefaction, hardness, and pH change at different storage condition for the duration of 12 weeks. For in vivo study, emulgel applied on 13 healthy human volunteer's cheeks to evaluate its cosmetics effects and compared with placebo (base). Facial parameters including skin melanin, redness, sebum, moisture content, and skin elasticity were determined by using mexameter, sebumeter, corneometer, elastometer for the study duration of 12 weeks.ResultsTotal phenolic content in Anacyclus Pyrethrum extract was 80.04 ± 0.0043 mg GAE/g, and flavonoids were 54.64 ± 0.0076 mg QE/g. Anacyclus Pyrethrum extract found significantly effective in reducing skin photo‐damage effects (p ≤ 0.05) as compared base gel.ConclusionAnacyclus Pyrethrum extract being rich source of flavonoid and phenolic content, acts as strong antioxidant to protect skin against photo‐damaging effect and improve skin conditions.
Thermography in complementary assessments of head and neck muscles: A scoping review
Authors: de Almeida Aline Natallia Simões , de Souza Ferreira Sara Loureiro , Balata Patricia Maria Mendes , da Cunha Daniele Andrade , Pernambuco Leandro , da Silva Hilton Justino 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionInfrared thermography has the potential to help assess human head and neck muscles, as thermal variation measurements due to muscle imbalance can contribute to the evaluation and therapeutic follow‐up of various clinical conditions in the field of health.ObjectiveThis study investigated, with a scoping review, the use of infrared thermography in complementary assessments of human head and neck muscles to determine the extent of research on the topic, what methodologies are used in thermal assessment and thermographic analysis, what regions are assessed, and what results are expected in thermography.MethodsLILACS, MEDLINE, SciELO, and Web of Science were the databases searched to identify articles published on the topic, with no restriction of language or time of publication. Descriptive, analytical, and experimental observational studies on the assessment of the human head and neck muscle surface temperature with infrared thermography were included. Case studies, case series, methodological accuracy, literature review, animal studies, studies that assessed patients with head and neck cancer, and studies that did not assess head and neck muscle temperature with thermography were excluded. The articles were analysed with a protocol developed by the authors, with data on author, year, country, type of study, sample characterisation, muscles assessed, outcomes investigated, thermal assessment methodology, thermographic analysis methodology and thermography measurements.ResultsThis review identified and analysed 27 articles. The studies assessed thermal distribution in normal individuals and those with pathologies related to hyper‐ and hypofunctional head and neck muscle conditions for diagnosis or therapeutic follow‐up. The masseter, temporal, digastric, anterior cervical region, orbicularis oris, frontalis, buccinator, suprahyoid, trapezius, sternocleidomastoid and levator scapulae muscles were assessed. Quantitative analyses with area selection tool predominated, considering absolute temperatures and temperature differences. The studies investigated temperature and its relationship with myogenic pain, quantitative assessment of muscle parameters and blood flow velocity. The mean temperature ranged from 32.97°C (±2.21) to 34.90°C, and hyper‐radiant and/or asymmetric regions were observed in hyperfunctional conditions and normal subjects after muscle activation.ConclusionThermography is used in complementary assessments of head and neck muscles, identifying hyper‐radiant regions and thermal asymmetry related to muscle tension and activation state. Papers are limited to specific clinical conditions and few muscle groups, besides having great methodological variability.
Effect of kangaroo mother care on pain during orogastric tube insertion in low‐birthweight newborns: An open label, randomised trial
Authors: Srivastava Geetika , Garg Anantika , Chhavi Nanda , Faridi MMA 
Published: September 2022

AimNon‐pharmacological methods are commonly used to reduce the procedural pain in newborns. In this open label, randomised control trial, we studied the pain‐reducing effect of kangaroo mother care (KMC) during orogastric tube insertion.MethodsNewborns, with birthweight 1500–2499 g and admitted to nursery, were randomised into control (no‐KMC) or intervention (KMC) arms. In intervention arm, KMC was given for 60 min before and after the procedure. Premature Infant Pain Profile‐Revised (PIPP‐R) score was used to assess the pain response and the pain severity was graded as minimal or no pain (≤6), mild‐to‐moderate (7–12) and severe (>12). The PIPP‐R scoring was done before, during and at 3‐ and 15‐min after procedure. Change in PIPP‐R scores from baseline was calculated.ResultsNewborns included in no‐KMC (n = 40) or KMC (n = 40) arms were comparable for major confounders (P > 0.05). Pre‐procedural pain scores were comparable (P = 0.72). Pain scores measured during and after procedure were significantly higher in no‐KMC group than KMC arm. The KMC reduced the pain score by 39%, 32% and 30% during and at 3‐ and 15‐min after procedure respectively as compared to control (P < 0.01). The increase in PIPP‐R score from pre‐procedural level was 40%, 35% and 31% lower in KMC than no‐KMC arm (P < 0.01). A greater proportion of newborns had significantly less severe grades of pain in the intervention arm compared to the no‐KMC arm (P < 0.01).ConclusionOrogastric tube placement is a painful procedure. KMC significantly reduces periprocedural pain and its effect continues for at least 15 min after the procedure.