bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the role of activated sludge in oxygen transfer: Effects of sludge settleability, solids retention time, and nitrification reaction
Authors: Campbell Ken , Wang Jianmin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe current understanding on the oxygen transfer in activated sludge process is primarily developed based on two‐phase systems, focusing only on oxygen transfer from air to water. However, this research demonstrates that activated sludge particles significantly impact oxygen transfer from air all the way to the microorganisms. Three bench‐scale complete‐mix activated sludge reactors, operated under the same influent loading and dissolved oxygen level but different solids retention times (SRTs), were used to develop oxygen transfer performance data as effects of different sludge property parameters. These reactors were also operated under batch modes to further validate the effect of nitrification reaction on oxygen transfer. Results indicate that high overall oxygen transfer efficiency (OTE) is associated with low mixed liquor viscosity, long SRT, and nitrification reaction. Further analyses suggest that low mixed liquor viscosity, which resulted from high sludge settleability or low settled volume of sludge, reduces the thickness of liquid films at all interfaces and the size of air bubbles. Long SRT results in high active nitrifier population and low specific extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Nitrification reaction, which serves as the rate‐limiting step for oxygen transfer, may increase the oxygen transfer driving force. High active nitrifier population also promotes direct air‐sludge contact. All of these factors help facilitate oxygen transfer. This research provides a new approach to improve energy efficiency for wastewater treatment, which is to change the activated sludge property by adjusting treatment plant design and operational parameters.Practitioner Points

High sludge settleability reduces viscosity therefore liquid film thickness.
Long SRT increases active microorganism population and reduces specific EPS content.
Nitrification reaction increases oxygen transfer driving force.
Direct air‐particle contact adds another pathway for oxygen transfer.
Nitrification reaction is the rate‐limiting step of the oxygen transfer process.
Antenna subtraction at NNLO with identified hadrons
Authors: Gehrmann Thomas , Stagnitto Giovanni 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We extend the antenna subtraction method to include hadron fragmentation processes up to next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in QCD in e+e− collisions. To handle collinear singularities associated with the fragmentation process, we introduce fragmentation antenna functions in final-final kinematics with associated phase space mappings. These antenna functions are integrated over the relevant phase spaces, retaining their dependence on the momentum fraction of the fragmenting parton. The integrated antenna functions are cross-checked against the known NNLO coefficient functions for identified hadron production from $$ {\gamma}^{\ast }/{Z}^{\ast}\to q\overline{q} $$

γ
∗

/

Z
∗

→
q

q
¯

and H → gg processes.
Leptonic cascade decays of a heavy Higgs boson through vectorlike leptons at the LHC
Authors: Dermisek Radovan , Kawamura Junichiro , Lunghi Enrico , McGinnis Navin , Shin Seodong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We demonstrate the potential of fully leptonic cascade decays of a heavy neutral Higgs boson through vectorlike leptons as a simultaneous probe for extended Higgs sectors and extra matter particles at the LHC. The processes we explore are unique in that their event topologies lead to di-boson-like leptonic final states with a lepton pair which does not reconstruct the mass of a gauge boson. By recasting existing $$ 2\ell +{E}_R^{\textrm{miss}} $$
2
ℓ
+

E
R
miss

and 3/4ℓ searches channels using run2 data from the LHC we obtain model independent bounds on the masses of heavy scalars and vectorlike leptons and use these results to explore future prospects at the HL-LHC. Our results can be directly applied to any kind of new physics scenarios sharing the final states and the event topology. For concreteness, we apply our results to a benchmark scenario: a two Higgs doublet model type-II augmented with vectorlike leptons. Remarkably, even with current data the sensitivity of our analysis shows a reach for masses of a heavy neutral Higgs and vectorlike leptons up to 2 TeV and 1.5 TeV, respectively. Even for low tan β ≳ 1, the analysis retains sensitivity to heavy Higgs masses slightly above 1 TeV. The future sensitivities at the HL-LHC extend the reach for heavy Higgses and new leptons to 2.7 TeV and 2 TeV, respectively.
Bounds on gravitational brane couplings and tomography in AdS3 black hole microstates
Authors: Lee Ji Hoon , Neuenfeld Dominik , Shukla Ashish 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We study information theoretic properties of planar black hole microstates in 2 + 1 dimensional asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetime, modeled by black holes with an end-of-the-world brane behind the horizon. The von Neumann entropy of sufficiently large subregions in the dual CFT exhibits a time-dependent phase, which from a doubly-holographic perspective corresponds to the appearance of quantum extremal islands in the brane description. Considering the case where dilaton gravity is added to the brane, we show that tuning the associated couplings affects the propagation of information in the dual CFT state. By requiring that information theoretic bounds on the growth of entanglement entropy are satisfied in the dual CFT, we can place bounds on the allowed values of the couplings on the brane. Furthermore, we initiate the study of brane tomography, by showing how subleading corrections to the entanglement velocity can be used to learn about the properties of the brane as well as any gravitational dynamics localized on it.
Improved Wald formalism and first law of dyonic black strings with mixed Chern-Simons terms
Authors: Ma Liang , Pang Yi , Lü H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We study the first law of thermodynamics of dyonic black strings carrying a linear momentum in type IIA string theory compactified on K3 with leading order α′ corrections. The low energy effective action contains mixed Chern-Simons terms of the form −2B(2) ^ tr(R(Γ±) ^ R(Γ±)) which is equivalent to 2H(3) ^ CS(3)(Γ±) up to a total derivative. We find that the naive application of Wald entropy formula leads to two different answers associated with the two formulations of the mixed Chern-Simons terms. Surprisingly, neither of them satisfies the first law of thermodynamics for other conserved charges computed unambiguously using the standard methods. We resolve this problem by carefully evaluating the full infinitesimal Hamiltonian at both infinity and horizon, including contributions from terms proportional to the Killing vector which turn out to be nonvanishing on the horizon and indispensable to establish the first law. We find that the infinitesimal Hamiltionian associated with −2B(2) ^ tr(R(Γ±) ^ R(Γ±)) requires an improvement via adding a closed but non-exact term, which vanishes when the string does not carry either the magnetic charge or linear momentum. Consequently, both formulations of the mixed Chern-Simons terms yield the same result of the entropy that however does not agree with the Wald entropy formula. In the case of extremal black strings, we also contrast our result with the one obtained from Sen’s approach.
Safety Profile and Complication Rates in Emergency Off-label Use of Tirofiban in Interventional Neuroradiology
Authors: Brockmann Carolin , Dillinger Daniel , Mpotsaris Anastasios , Spreer Annette , Maus Volker , Waldeck Stephan , Othman Ahmed E. , Altmann Sebastian , Ringel Florian , Kerz Thomas , Brockmann Marc A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Tirofiban has been approved for the treatment of acute coronary syndrome. Meanwhile, tirofiban is frequently applied in emergency situations in interventional neuroradiology (INR). The objective of this study was to analyze the risk profile for the off-label use of tirofiban in INR patients.

Methods
Data of 86 patients, who underwent neurointerventional therapy and were treated with tirofiban at 2 neuroendovascular centers between January 2016 and July 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Despite off-label use, recent stroke (< 30 days), recent hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia (< 150,000/µl), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) > 1.3-fold, internation normalised ratio (INR) < 1.5, severe liver insufficiency (Child-Pugh C), and preceding intravenous thrombolysis were considered as contraindications.

Results
Median patient age was 62 years (range 26–88 years). Patients received tirofiban for extracranial (n = 35) or intracranial stenting (n = 35), coiling of ruptured cerebral aneurysms (n = 6), continuous intra-arterial nimodipine infusion via microcatheters for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)-related vasospasm (n = 5), or thrombotic complications during neuroendovascular procedures (n = 5). The desired effect of preventing thrombotic complications when applying tirofiban off-label was achieved in 81 of 86 patients (94.2%). Relevant tirofiban-associated complications occurred in 14 patients (16.3%), of which 9 patients received i.v. thrombolysis for treatment of acute ischemic stroke shortly before starting therapy with tirofiban. Of the 86 patients 12 died, while the overall tirofiban-related mortality was 2.3% (2 patients died due to ICH). Logistic regression analysis revealed age to be the only parameter significantly associated with development of tirofiban-associated complications (p = 0.026).

Conclusion
Whereas the safety profile of tirofiban when applied off-label in INR is acceptable, the highest risk for relevant tirofiban-associated complications is observed in older patients treated by emergency stenting for acute stroke.
Proactive control of attention in math-anxious individuals
Authors: Colomé Àngels , Núñez-Peña María Isabel , González-Gómez Belén 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAttentional control deficit has been proposed as one of the reasons for lower arithmetical performance in people with high math anxiety (HMA). Previous research trying to discern whether this deficit concerned proactive or reactive use of attentional control has been criticised because the methodologies used were mostly suited to investigating reactive control only. The aim of this study was to investigate proactive control in HMA individuals in a classical Stroop task. Twenty HMA and 20 low math-anxious individuals (LMA) named the ink colour in which congruent and incongruent colour words as well as X strings (neutral condition) were presented. The HMA group was slower than their LMA peers in the congruent and incongruent conditions only. Furthermore, HMA individuals showed a higher interference effect. Last, only LMA participants showed a facilitatory effect of the congruent condition. These results are interpreted as indicating the presence in the HMA individuals of a task conflict between the task to perform (ink naming) and an irrelevant task triggered by the stimuli (word reading). Task conflict is evident only when proactive control, responsible for maintaining the current goals, is too weak to solve the competition between tasks. Therefore, this study confirms that HMA individuals find it difficult to implement attention proactively.
Sex differences in brain homotopic co-activations: a meta-analytic study
Authors: Bonelli Chiara , Mancuso Lorenzo , Manuello Jordi , Liloia Donato , Costa Tommaso , Cauda Franco 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAn element of great interest in functional connectivity is ‘homotopic connectivity’ (HC), namely the connectivity between two mirrored areas of the two hemispheres, mainly mediated by the fibers of the corpus callosum. Despite a long tradition of studying sexual dimorphism in the human brain, to our knowledge only one study has addressed the influence of sex on HC.We investigated the issue of homotopic co-activations in women and men using a coordinate-based meta-analytic method and data from the BrainMap database. A first unexpected observation was that the database was affected by a sex bias: women-only groups are investigated less often than men-only ones, and they are more often studied in certain domains such as emotion compared to men, and less in cognition. Implementing a series of sampling procedures to equalize the size and proportion of the datasets, our results indicated that females exhibit stronger interhemispheric co-activation than males, suggesting that the female brain is less lateralized and more integrated than that of males. In addition, males appear to show less intense but more extensive co-activation than females. Some local differences also appeared. In particular, it appears that primary motor and perceptual areas are more co-activated in males, in contrast to the opposite trend in the rest of the brain. This argues for a multidimensional view of sex brain differences and suggests that the issue should be approached with more complex models than previously thought.
Geometry and bone mineral density determinants of femoral neck strength changes following exercise
Authors: O’Rourke Dermot , Beck Belinda R. , Harding Amy T. , Watson Steven L. , Pivonka Peter , Martelli Saulo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPhysical exercise induces spatially heterogeneous adaptation in bone. However, it remains unclear where the changes in BMD and geometry have the greatest impact on femoral neck strength. The aim of this study was to determine the principal BMD-and-geometry changes induced by exercise that have the greatest effect on femoral neck strength. Pre- and post-exercise 3D-DXA images of the proximal femur were collected of male participants from the LIFTMOR-M exercise intervention trial. Meshes with element-by-element correspondence were generated by morphing a template mesh to each bone to calculate changes in BMD and geometry. Finite element (FE) models predicted femoral neck strength changes under single-leg stance and sideways fall load. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) models were developed with BMD-only, geometry-only, and BMD-and-geometry changes to determine the principal modes that explained the greatest variation in neck strength changes. The PLSR models explained over 90% of the strength variation with 3 PLS components using BMD-only (R2 > 0.92, RMSE < 0.06 N) and 8 PLS components with geometry-only (R2 > 0.93, RMSE < 0.06 N). Changes in the superior neck and distal cortex were most important during single-leg stance while the superior neck, medial head, and lateral trochanter were most important during a sideways fall. Local changes in femoral neck and head geometry could differentiate the exercise groups from the control group. Exercise interventions may target BMD changes in the superior neck, inferior neck, and greater trochanter for improved femoral neck strength in single-leg stance and sideways fall.
Individual and country-level factors associated with self-reported and accelerometer-based physical activity in old age: a cross-national analysis of European countries
Authors: Kekäläinen Tiia , Luchetti Martina , Aschwanden Damaris , Sutin Angelina R. , Terracciano Antonio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate associations between individual-level (personality traits, quality of life) and country-level (gross domestic product per capita, number of policies and action plans for physical activity) factors with self-reported and accelerometer-based physical activity and cross-level interactions among European countries. Based on the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) from 2019–2020, self-reported physical activity (N = 46,617 from 27 countries) and accelerometer-based average acceleration and intensity gradient (N = 855 from 10 countries) were analyzed. Mixed-model regressions with two levels (individuals nested within countries) were used for analyses. Between countries differences accounted for relatively small portions of the variability in self-reported physical activity (intraclass correlation, ICC = 7.5%), average acceleration (ICC = 3.5%), and intensity gradient (ICC = 1.9%). There were more associations between individual- and country-level factors and self-reported physical activity than with accelerometer-based physical activity. The association between individual-level variables and accelerometer-based physical activity did not differ between countries. Cross-level interactions suggested that associations between some personality traits and self-reported physical activity were stronger in countries with lower GDP. Both individual- and country-level factors are related to participation in more intensive physical activities. Adults with less resilient personality traits living in countries with lower resources are at the highest risk for physical inactivity.
From inshore to offshore: distribution of microplastics in three Italian seawaters
Authors: Sbrana Alice , Valente Tommaso , Bianchi Jessica , Franceschini Simone , Piermarini Raffaella , Saccomandi Flavia , de Lucia Andrea Giuseppe , Camedda Andrea , Matiddi Marco , Silvestri Cecilia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of the concentration of microplastics (MPs) in seawaters is essential to implement monitoring programs and understand the impacts on ecosystems, as required by the European legislation to protect the marine environment. In this context, the purpose of this study is to investigate the composition, quantity, and spatial distribution of microplastics from coastal to offshore areas in three Italian seawaters. In addition, the distribution of microplastics between surface and subsurface water layers was analyzed in order to better understand the dynamics of MPs in the upper layers of the water column. A total number of 6069 MPs (mean total concentration of 0.029 microplastics · m−2) were found to be heterogeneous in type, shape, and color. In general, MPs concentrations decrease with coastal distance, except when environmental forcings are predominant (such as sea currents). Moreover, the amount of surface MPs was almost four times that of subsurface microplastics, which consisted mostly of fibers. In light of these results, it becomes clear how critical it is to plan remediation actions and programs to minimize microplastic accumulations in the sea.
Entrepreneurial behaviors that shape performance in small family and non-family hotels during times of crisis
Authors: Kusa Rafał , Suder Marcin , Barbosa Belem , Glinka Beata , Duda Joanna 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecent economic and public health crises have posed important challenges to family businesses – particularly those in the hospitality sector. While sustaining a business, performance becomes critical; there is insufficient knowledge on the use of entrepreneurial behaviors in mitigating the impact of a crisis by family businesses. To help fill this gap, this study explores the configurations of entrepreneurial behaviors that lead to improved performance in small firms under crisis market conditions – particularly, risk-taking, innovativeness, proactiveness, flexibility, and digitalization. This study employs fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). The sample consists of 117 one- and two-star Polish hotels that are comprised of both family and non-family businesses. The data was collected in November and December 2021. The results confirm the core role of risk-taking, proactiveness, and flexibility in increasing the performance of these small firms. However, performance outcomes depend on the configurations of the firms; differences between family and non-family businesses stood out. In family hotels, risk-taking is accompanied by flexibility as a core factor, and digitalization does not play an important role in achieving higher performance. Overall, these results contribute to the literature on organizational entrepreneurship (especially entrepreneurial orientation) as well as family business crisis management in the tourism sector. These findings offer implications for managers by indicating combinations of entrepreneurial behaviors that can help foster business performance.
Verausgabung auf „Strava“ und mit „Powermeter“: über technologisch vermittelte Selbstbewertung beim Radsport und eine energiesoziologische Perspektive
Authors: Laser Stefan 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDigitale Technologien verändern soziale Praktiken und durchziehen die soziale Ordnungsbildung in diffuser Form. Plattformen werden zu Alltagsbegleitern und stellen die Soziologie vor grundlegende konzeptionelle und methodologische Herausforderungen. Der Beitrag beleuchtet die soziotechnische Konfiguration des Sports und stellt die Frage, wie eine technologische Vermittlung des Radfahrens (Selbst‑)Bewertung mitgestaltet und Intensitätsqualitäten sportlicher Aktivität prägt. Als Grundlage des Artikels dient autoethnographische Forschung zum digitalisierten Rennradfahren, durchgeführt mit unterschiedlicher Sensortechnik und geleitet durch die digitale Plattform „Strava“, einem populären sozialen Netzwerk für Hobby- und Profi-Athlet_innen. Der Artikel beleuchtet die menschliche und maschinelle Bedeutung von Datenpraktiken und widmet sich einem Desiderat der sozialwissenschaftlichen Forschung zu Selbstoptimierung und Self-Tracking. Es geht um die Frage, wie eine technologische Vermittlung des Radfahrens (Selbst‑)Bewertung mitgestaltet und Intensitätsqualitäten sportlicher Aktivität prägt. Konzeptionell macht der Artikel den innovativen Vorschlag, sich dem Diskurs der neueren energetischen Soziologie zuzuwenden, die argumentiert, dass Energiequellen mit dem Sozialen verwoben sind und Möglichkeiten des Denkens und Handelns beeinflussen. Mithilfe des Begriffs der „Verausgabung“ (George Bataille) wird die autoethnographische Erfahrung der Soziotechnik des Radfahrens diskutiert und ein Vergleich unterschiedlicher Messinstrumente durchgeführt, mit einem Fokus auf dem Vergleich eines Herzfrequenzsensors mit einem „Powermeter“, einem Leistungsmesser. Die Autoethnographie fußt auf qualitativer Datenanalyse und aktiver Teilnahme, die in einer ethnographischen Erzählung ausgeführt und analytisch fruchtbar gemacht wird. Der Beitrag differenziert schließlich zwischen Modi der Verausgabung, arbeitet die Prominenz des Werts der Energieeffizienz heraus, zeigt auf praktische Unzulänglichkeiten dieses Werts und skizziert die Vorzüge einer energiesoziologischen Perspektive. Dies schärft das Bewusstsein für die Bedeutung ineffizienter Praktiken im digitalisierten Sport.