bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neutralization sensitivity of Omicron BA.2.75 to therapeutic monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Yamasoba Daichi , Kimura Izumi , Kosugi Yusuke , Uriu Keiya , Fujita Shigeru , Ito Jumpei , Sato Kei ,   The Genotype to Phenotype Japan (G2P-Japan) Consortium
Published: July 2022

AbstractSince the end of 2021, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant outcompeted other variants and took over the world. After the emergence of original Omicron BA.1, Omicron BA.2 subvariant emerged and outcompeted BA.1. As of July 2022, some BA.2 subvariants, including BA.2.12.1, BA.4 and BA.5, emerged in multiple countries and begun outcompeting original BA.2. Moreover, a novel BA.2 subvariant, BA.2.75, was detected in eight countries including India at the end of June 2022, and preliminary investigations suggest that BA.2.75 is more transmissible over the other BA.2 subvariants. On July 7, 2022, the WHO classified BA.2.75 as a variant-of-concern lineage under monitoring. We have recently demonstrated that BA.4/5 is highly resistant to a therapeutic monoclonal antibody, cilgavimab, than BA.2. The resistance of SARS-CoV-2 variants to therapeutic antibodies can be attributed to the mutations in the viral spike protein. Compared to the BA.2 spike, BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5 respectively bear two and four mutations in their spike proteins. On the other hand, the majority of BA.2.75 spike bears nine substitutions. The fact that the mutation number in the BA.2.75 spike is larger than those in the BA.4/5 spike raises the possibility that the BA.2.75 spike significantly reduces sensitivity towards therapeutic monoclonal antibodies than BA.2 and BA.4/5. In this study, we generated pseudoviruses harboring the spike proteins of BA.2.75, BA.4/5 and BA.2 and evaluated the efficacy of ten therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and three antibody cocktails against BA.2.75.
Genome-first detection of emerging resistance to novel therapeutic agents for SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Ragonnet-Cronin Manon , Nutalai Rungtiwa , Huo Jiandong , Dijokaite-Guraliuc Aiste , Das Raksha , Tuekprakhon Aekkachai , Supasa Piyada , Liu Chang , Selvaraj Muneeswaran , Groves Natalie , Hartman Hassan , Ellaby Nicholas , Sutton J. Mark , Bahar Mohammad W. , Zhou Daming , Fry Elizabeth , Ren Jingshan , Brown Colin , Klenerman Paul , Dunachie Susanna J. , Mongkolsapaya Juthathip , Hopkins Susan , Chand Meera , Stuart David I. , Screaton Gavin R. , Rokadiya Sakib 
Published: July 2022

SummarySome COVID-19 patients are unable to clear their infection or are at risk of severe disease, requiring treatment with neutralising monoclonal antibodies (nmAb) and/or antivirals. The rapid roll-out of novel therapeutics means there is limited understanding of the likely genetic barrier to drug resistance. Unprecedented genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in the UK has enabled a genome-first approach to the detection of emerging drug resistance. Here we report the accrual of mutations in Delta and Omicron cases treated with casirivimab+imdevimab and sotrovimab respectively. Mutations occur within the epitopes of the respective nmAbs. For casirivimab+imdevimab these are present on contiguous raw reads, simultaneously affecting both components. Using surface plasmon resonance and pseudoviral neutralisation assays we demonstrate these mutations reduce or completely abrogate antibody affinity and neutralising activity, suggesting they are driven by immune evasion. In addition, we show that some mutations also reduce the neutralising activity of vaccine-induced serum.
Genetic variation in BnGRP1 contributes to low phosphorus tolerance in Brassica napus
Authors: Xu Ping , Li Haiyuan , Xu Ke , Cui Xiaoyu , Liu Zhenning , Wang Xiaohua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe lack of phosphorus (P) is a major environmental factor affecting rapeseed root growth and development. For breeding purposes, it is crucial to identify the molecular mechanisms of root system architecture (RSA) traits underlying low P tolerance in rapeseed. Using genome-wide association study (GWAS), transcriptome and re-sequencing analyses were done on 400 rapeseed cultivars, the natural variations of glycine-rich protein gene, BnGRP1, in response to low P tolerance. Based on 11 SNP mutations in the BnGRP1 sequence, ten types of haplotypes (Hap) were formed. Compared with the other types, the cultivar of the BnGRP1Hap1 type in the panel demonstrated the longest root length and heaviest root weight. Over-expression of BnGRP1Hap1 in rapeseed depicted the ability to enhance the resistance of rapeseed in its response to low P tolerance. CRISPR/Cas9-derived BnGRP1Hap1 knockout mutations in rapeseed could lead to sensitivity to low P stress. Furthermore, BnGRP1Hap1 influenced the expression of phosphate transporter 1 (PHT1) genes associated with P absorption. Overall, the findings of this study highlight the new mechanisms of GRP1 genes in enhancing the low P tolerance in rapeseed.
Optimal rain gauge network to reduce rainfall impacts on urban mobility – a spatial sensitivity analysis
Authors: Simoyama Felipe de Oliveira , Tomás Lívia Rodrigues , Pinto Felipe Matheus , Salles-Neto Luiz Leduino , Santos Leonardo Bacelar Lima 
Published: July 2022

PurposeA sustainable transportation system should represent a win-win situation: minimizing transport's impact on the environment and reducing natural disasters' effects on transportation. A well-distributed set of rain gauges is crucial for monitoring services in smart cities. However, those services should consider the uncertainties about the registers of rainfall impacts. In this paper, the authors present a case study of optimal rain gauge location based on an actual database of rainfall events with impacts on urban mobility in the city of Sao Paulo (Brazil).Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents a maximal covering location formulation and proposes a robustness analysis considering spatial location perturbations.FindingsIn this case study, the robustness of the objective function is above 99.99%. The robustness for the number of covered demand points is 88.93%, and the frequency associated with every candidate is between 11.71% and 69.49%.Originality/valueIncorporating spatial uncertainties on coverage problems is essential to provide stakeholders more realistic supporting tools and to draw different possible scenarios.
Impact of green marketing, greenwashing and green confusion on green brand equity
Authors: Qayyum Abdul , Jamil Raja Ahmed , Sehar Amnah 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
This study aims to examine the negative effects of excessive product packaging (EPP), greenwashing and green confusion on green brand equity (GBE). Furthermore, the moderating role of brand credibility in mitigating the negative effects of green marketing was investigated.

Design/methodology/approach
A within-subject experiment was conducted to evaluate excessive versus minimal product packaging to test the proposed hypotheses. Data analysis was performed with SmartPLS 3.3.3, which analyzed data from 206 consumers.

Findings
The results showed that EPP positively predicts greenwashing and green confusion. However, greenwashing has a negative impact on GBE. Brand credibility was also discovered to moderate the negative relationship between greenwashing and GBE, thereby reducing the negative effect of greenwashing.

Research limitations/implications
The findings imply that marketing managers should understand the consumers’ concerns for the environment, making product and brand strategies that promote environmental protection and sustainability.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the green marketing literature by empirically validating the positive impacts of EPP on greenwashing and green confusion, as well as the negative influence of greenwashing on GBE. Furthermore, it reveals how brand credibility can reduce the harmful effects of greenwashing on GBE.
Reversible mutations in gliding motility and virulence genes: A flexible and efficient phage defence mechanism in Flavobacterium psychrophilum
Authors: Jørgensen Jóhanna , Sundell Krister , Castillo Daniel , Dramshøj Liv S. , Jørgensen Natasja B. , Madsen Susie B. , Landor Lotta , Wiklund Tom , Donati Valentina L. , Madsen Lone , Dalsgaard Inger , Middelboe Mathias 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFlavobacteria are among the most important pathogens in freshwater salmonid aquaculture worldwide. Due to concerns regarding development of antibiotic resistance, phage therapy has been proposed as a solution to decrease pathogen load. However, application of phages is challenged by the development of phage resistance, and knowledge of the mechanisms and implications of phage resistance is therefore required. To study this, 27 phage‐resistant isolates of F. psychrophilum were genome sequenced and characterized to identify genetic modifications and evaluate changes in phenotypic traits, including virulence against rainbow trout. Phage‐resistant isolates showed reduction or loss of gliding motility, proteolytic activity, and adhesion to surfaces, and most isolates were completely non‐virulent against rainbow trout fry. Genomic analysis revealed that most phage‐resistant isolates had mutations in genes associated with gliding motility and virulence. Reversal of these mutations in a sub‐set of isolates led to regained motility, proteolytic activity, virulence and phage susceptibility. Although costly, the fast generation of phage resistance driven by single, reversible mutations likely represents a flexible and efficient phage defence mechanism in F. psychrophilum. The results further suggest that phage administration in aquaculture systems to prevent F. psychrophilum outbreaks selects for non‐virulent phage‐resistant phenotypes.
Successful use of single‐pass albumin dialysis in the correction of severe hyperbilirubinemia in a case of acute hepatitis E
Authors: Piscitani Luca , Di Vito Roberto , Tunno Marilena , Bonomini Mario 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionAcute liver failure (ALF) is a rare syndrome defined by the rapid loss of liver function in the absence of pre‐existing liver disease, which may be secondary to hepatitis A virus, hepatitis E virus (HEV), or to drugs in about 50% of cases. Extracorporeal albumin dialysis enables the elimination of albumin‐bound toxins that accumulate in liver failure.MethodsWe report a case of ALF secondary to HEV associated with severe hyperbilirubinemia. Patient was treated with four consecutive sessions of single‐pass albumin dialysis (SPAD) carried out setting the following parameters: time: 300 min, Qb: 60 mL/min, Qd: 800–1000 mL/min, dialysate containing 4% albumin, citrate: 3–4 mmol/L.ResultSPAD documented good support of liver function. Bilirubin levels were reduced from 22 to 14 g/dL after four treatments. Pruritus was the first clinical sign of improvement.ConclusionSPAD system can represent a safe and effective therapeutic option.
Standardized indices to estimate sensitivity to drought across ecosystems
Authors: Bondaruk Viviana F. , Oñatibia Gastón R. , Wilcox Kevin R. , Yahdjian Laura 
Published: July 2022

AbstractQuestionClimate change scenarios predict alterations in interannual variability of precipitation and increases of extreme droughts. Drought effects will reflect ecosystems' sensitivity (i.e. the magnitude of the response relative to the change in amount of precipitation), with different consequences for plant communities and ecosystem functioning. However, sensitivity estimations across ecosystems and among years are contingent upon the metric applied. Here, we asked how different sensitivity indices reflect the responses to drought in contrasting ecosystems.MethodsWe proposed a novel index to estimate sensitivity in drought experiments, which consider the change in the response variable in relation to the reduction in precipitation, standardized by the mean precipitation use efficiency of the site, making it suitable to compare among contrasting ecosystems. We compared the information gained from the new index with two indices commonly used in experimentally induced droughts, through simulated scenarios. Besides, we applied the indices to data from previous field drought experiments to evaluate relative and absolute sensitivity to drought in worldwide grassland ecosystems along a wide precipitation gradient.ResultsWe found that both relative and absolute approaches yielded important information to determine drought sensitivity in different simulated scenarios and under interannual precipitation variability. When the indices were applied to real situations, relative sensitivity to drought showed a significant increase as mean annual precipitation decreases whereas absolute sensitivity did not change significantly with precipitation.ConclusionsOur findings highlighted that absolute and relative indices to estimate drought sensitivity, rather than being redundant, may complement each other to inform how ecosystems respond to drought and to provide a more holistic assessment of vulnerable systems toward increasing interannual precipitation variability. This complementary approach enhances our understanding of ecosystem response under different conditions of precipitation variability and of the mechanisms that determine ecosystem changes during extreme droughts.
Reticulocalbin3: A Ca2+ homeostasis regulator that promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression and cisplatin resistance
Authors: Cai Rui , Wang Ping , Zhao Xin , Lu Xiansheng , Deng Ruxia , Wang Xiaoyu , Hong Chang , Lin Jie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. There is a critical need to identify new mechanisms that contribute to ESCC progression. Reticulocalbin3 (RCN3) is mainly located in the endoplasmic reticulum and Ca2+‐binding protein containing EF‐hands. The function of RCN3 in tumor progression has not been clarified. We observed that the expression level of RCN3 was higher in ESCC tissues than in paired normal tissues. Overexpression of RCN3 was positively associated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, lymphatic vessel infiltration, and poor outcome in patients with ESCC. Increased malignant phenotypes were observed in RCN3 overexpressing ESCC cells, whereas the opposite effects were achieved in RCN3‐silenced cells. Reticulocalbin3 promoted the expression of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 by regulating the inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor 1 (IP3R1)–Ca2+–calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II–c‐Jun signaling pathway. Reticulocalbin3 induced cisplatin resistance by regulating IP3R1/Ca2+ to maintain intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and reduced reactive oxygen species in ESCC cells. Finally, the expression of RCN3 was regulated by hypoxia inducible factor‐1α. Collectively, these data strongly support that RCN3 regulates Ca2+ homeostasis by targeting IP3R1 to promote the progression and platinum resistance of ESCC. Our studies suggest that RCN3 could serve as predictive factor of poor prognosis and potential therapeutic target for ESCC patients.
The impact ofCOVID‐19 lockdown on children's and adolescents' mental health in Greece
Authors: Magklara Konstantina , Lazaratou Helen , Barbouni Anastasia , Poulas Konstantinos , Farsalinos Konstantinos 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate the impact of the COVID‐19 lockdown on children's and adolescents' mental health in Greece during the lockdown of spring 2020. A cross‐sectional survey of 1232 Greek parents was conducted in spring 2020. 35.1% of parents reported that their children's psychological health was significantly affected. Parental unemployment, limited opportunity for tele‐work and deteriorating psychological health, increased family conflicts and children's pre‐existing physical health conditions were all significantly associated with mental health impact. Children and adolescents may experience adverse mental health effects due to the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Trends in formaldehyde and formaldehyde‐releaser contact allergies as compared with market exposure in Thailand
Authors: Boonchai Waranya , Pruksaeakanan Chutipon , Wongdama Supisara , Bunyavaree Monthathip , Kumpangsin Titinun , Chaiyabutr Chayada 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundFormaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers (FRs) are common preservatives in cosmetics and household products. Their contact allergy trends are decreasing in Europe and America, but trend data for Asia are limited.ObjectivesThe first objective was to determine the prevalences of and trends in contact allergies to formaldehyde and FRs. The second objective was to establish how often formaldehyde and FRs were mentioned on the labels of products sold in the Thai market.MethodsTwenty years of data on patch test results for formaldehyde and FRs were reviewed. Their frequency of mention on the labels of 5855 products was analysed.ResultsThe trends in contact allergy to formaldehyde and FRs were decreasing. The overall prevalence of formaldehyde contact allergy was 2.5%. The most common FR to cause contact allergy was quaternium‐15. Formaldehyde and FRs were identified as ingredients in 10.2% of the products surveyed. Dimethylol dimethyl hydantoin was the most common FR (5.2%). The highest use of formaldehyde and FRs (15.5%) was in hair care products.ConclusionAlthough contact allergy trends in Thailand were decreasing, the proportion of products with FRs remained high. Comprehensive and universal legislation is needed to control the presence of formaldehyde and FRs.
International cross‐sectional survey on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography training by the World Endoscopy Organization
Authors: Teoh Anthony Yuen Bun , Ma Mark Tsz Wah , Aabakken Lars , Seo Dong Wan , Reddy D. Nageshwar 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesEndoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has revolutionized the treatment of many pancreaticobiliary conditions. However, little is known about the global practices, training programs, and credentialing of the procedure. The aim of the current study is to address the above questions.MethodsThis was an international cross‐sectional survey conducted between October 2020 and May 2021. Participating countries were requested to complete an online survey on ERCP services and training.ResultsEighty‐nine countries responded to the survey. There were significant increases in the proportion of ERCP services provided by the government (P < 0.0001), number of endoscopists per million of population (P < 0.0001), and number of institutions per million of population (P < 0.0001) from low to high human development index (HDI). Eighteen percent of the countries offer the procedure as part of a standard training program, 68.5% do not follow a standardized training curriculum. Risk factors for higher incidence and mortality from pancreatic cancers include higher HDI category, smaller population, a larger number of endoscopists proficient in ERCP, and lower number of institutions providing ERCP training. Countries with very high HDI have four times higher incidence and mortality from pancreatic cancers as compared to those with low HDI.ConclusionsThere is still an ongoing need for improving ERCP training in low to very high HDI countries. A structured training program is still lacking in many parts of the world. With increasing incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancers, particularly in high HDI countries, there is a need for further increasing facilities for ERCP training.
Current management of acute ischemic stroke in Africa: A review of the literature
Authors: Uwishema Olivier , Berjaoui Christin , Correia Inês F. Silva , Anis Heeba , Karabulut Ece , Essayli Dina , Mhanna Melissa , Oluyemisi Adekunbi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeAcute ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of disability and mortality globally, with increasing incidence in Africa, as the continent is already burdened with infectious diseases. Rapid diagnosis and efficient treatment are crucial, as even a slight delay in reperfusing the brain significantly affects the recovery outcome. Neuroimaging is vital for optimal care and thrombolytic or endovascular therapy in specialized stroke care units. This review aims to discuss the burden of acute ischemic stroke in Africa and how health care systems have tried to reduce the incidence and improve outcomes for the disease.MethodsData were collected through the online databases PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Embase. All articles related to acute ischemic stroke in Africa were considered.ResultsThe medical care for acute ischemic stroke in Africa is far from optimal, with little adherence to recommended protocols. There is a lack of public awareness of the disease, imaging infrastructure, personnel, stroke care units, and recovery facilities due to poor funding. Poor knowledge of stroke signs and symptoms results in delay in treatment and poor prognosis.ConclusionsWe urge African leaders and private entities to invest in stroke care by building appropriate infrastructures, providing medical equipment, and implementing guidelines and sustainable follow‐up systems. Telehealth is a suggested strategy to mitigate the scarcity of health personnel, and international and national efforts to increase treatment affordability should be doubled. Further extensive research on the impact of acute ischemic stroke on the African population is encouraged.
Novel aspects of Raman spectroscopy in skin research
Authors: Lunter Dominique , Klang Victoria , Kocsis Dorottya , Varga‐Medveczky Zsófia , Berkó Szilvia , Erdő Franciska 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe analytical technology of Raman spectroscopy has an almost 100‐year history. During this period, many modifications and developments happened in the method like discovery of laser, improvements in optical elements and sensitivity of spectrometer and also more advanced light detection systems. Many types of the innovative techniques appeared (e.g. Transmittance Raman spectroscopy, Coherent Raman Scattering microscopy, Surface‐Enhanced Raman scattering and Confocal Raman spectroscopy/microscopy). This review article gives a short description about these different Raman techniques and their possible applications. Then, a short statistical part is coming about the appearance of Raman spectroscopy in the scientific literature from the beginnings to these days. The third part of the paper shows the main application options of the technique (especially confocal Raman spectroscopy) in skin research, including skin composition analysis, drug penetration monitoring and analysis, diagnostic utilizations in dermatology and cosmeto‐scientific applications. At the end, the possible role of artificial intelligence in Raman data analysis and the regulatory aspect of these techniques in dermatology are briefly summarized. For the future of Raman Spectroscopy, increasing clinical relevance and in vivo applications can be predicted with spreading of non‐destructive methods and appearance with the most advanced instruments with rapid analysis time.
INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL FLOWS: PRIVATE VERSUS PUBLIC FLOWS IN DEVELOPING AND DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
Authors: Kim Yun Jung , Zhang Jing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEmpirically, net capital inflows are procyclical in developed countries and countercyclical in developing countries. Private inflows are procyclical and public inflows are countercyclical in both groups of countries. The dominance of private (public) inflows in developed (developing) countries drives the difference in net inflows. We rationalize these patterns using a two‐sector model of a small open economy facing borrowing constraints. Private agents overborrow because of the pecuniary externality arising from these constraints. The government saves to reduce aggregate debt, making the economy resilient to adverse shocks. Differences in borrowing constraints and shock processes across countries explain the empirical patterns of capital inflows.