bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alcohols electrooxidation coupled with H2 production at high current densities promoted by a cooperative catalyst
Authors: Li Zhenhua , Yan Yifan , Xu Si-Min , Zhou Hua , Xu Ming , Ma Lina , Shao Mingfei , Kong Xianggui , Wang Bin , Zheng Lirong , Duan Haohong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractElectrochemical alcohols oxidation offers a promising approach to produce valuable chemicals and facilitate coupled H2 production. However, the corresponding current density is very low at moderate cell potential that substantially limits the overall productivity. Here we report the electrooxidation of benzyl alcohol coupled with H2 production at high current density (540 mA cm−2 at 1.5 V vs. RHE) over a cooperative catalyst of Au nanoparticles supported on cobalt oxyhydroxide nanosheets (Au/CoOOH). The absolute current can further reach 4.8 A at 2.0 V in a more realistic two-electrode membrane-free flow electrolyzer. Experimental combined with theoretical results indicate that the benzyl alcohol can be enriched at Au/CoOOH interface and oxidized by the electrophilic oxygen species (OH*) generated on CoOOH, leading to higher activity than pure Au. Based on the finding that the catalyst can be reversibly oxidized/reduced at anodic potential/open circuit, we design an intermittent potential (IP) strategy for long-term alcohol electrooxidation that achieves high current density (>250 mA cm−2) over 24 h with promoted productivity and decreased energy consumption.
Extensive primary production promoted the recovery of the Ediacaran Shuram excursion
Authors: Cañadas Fuencisla , Papineau Dominic , Leng Melanie J. , Li Chao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMember IV of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation records the recovery from the most negative carbon isotope excursion in Earth history. However, the main biogeochemical controls that ultimately drove this recovery have yet to be elucidated. Here, we report new carbon and nitrogen isotope and concentration data from the Nanhua Basin (South China), where δ13C values of carbonates (δ13Ccarb) rise from − 7‰ to −1‰ and δ15N values decrease from +5.4‰ to +2.3‰. These trends are proposed to arise from a new equilibrium in the C and N cycles where primary production overcomes secondary production as the main source of organic matter in sediments. The enhanced primary production is supported by the coexisting Raman spectral data, which reveal a systematic difference in kerogen structure between depositional environments. Our new observations point to the variable dominance of distinct microbial communities in the late Ediacaran ecosystems, and suggest that blooms of oxygenic phototrophs modulated the recovery from the most negative δ13Ccarb excursion in Earth history.
Efficient room temperature catalytic synthesis of alternating conjugated copolymers via C-S bond activation
Authors: Li Zijie , Shi Qinqin , Ma Xiaoying , Li Yawen , Wen Kaikai , Qin Linqing , Chen Hao , Huang Wei , Zhang Fengjiao , Lin Yuze , Marks Tobin J. , Huang Hui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractStructural defects in conjugated copolymers are severely detrimental to the optoelectronic properties and the performance of the resulting electronic devices fabricated from them. Therefore, the much-desired precision synthesis of conjugated copolymers with highly regular repeat units is important, but presents a significant challenge to synthetic materials chemists. To this end, aryl sulfides are naturally abundant substances and offer unrealized potential in cross-coupling reactions. Here we report an efficient room temperature polycondensation protocol which implements aryl disulfide C-S activation to produce defect-minimized semiconducting conjugated copolymers with broad scope and applicability. Thus, a broad series of arylstannanes and thioethers are employed via the present protocol to afford copolymers with number-average molecular weights (Mns) of 10.0–45.0 kDa. MALDI and NMR analysis of selected copolymers reveals minimal structural defects. Moreover, the polymer trap density here is smaller and the field effect mobility higher than that in the analogous polymer synthesized through thermal-activation Stille coupling.
Overcoming resistance to immune checkpoint therapy in PTEN-null prostate cancer by intermittent anti-PI3Kα/β/δ treatment
Authors: Qi Zhi , Xu Zihan , Zhang Liuzhen , Zou Yongkang , Li Jinping , Yan Wenyu , Li Cheng , Liu Ningshu , Wu Hong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCombining immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) and targeted therapy holds great promises for broad and long-lasting anti-cancer therapies. However, combining ICT with anti-PI3K inhibitors have been challenging because the multifaceted effects of PI3K on both cancer cells and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment. Here we find that intermittent but not daily dosing of a PI3Kα/β/δ inhibitor, BAY1082439, on Pten-null prostate cancer models could overcome ICT resistance and unleash CD8+ T cell-dependent anti-tumor immunity in vivo. Mechanistically, BAY1082439 converts cancer cell-intrinsic immune-suppression to immune-stimulation by promoting IFNα/IFNγ pathway activation, β2-microglubin expression and CXCL10/CCL5 secretion. With its preferential regulatory T cell inhibition activity, BAY1082439 promotes clonal expansion of tumor-associated CD8+ T cells, most likely via tertiary lymphoid structures. Once primed, tumors remain T cell-inflamed, become responsive to anti-PD-1 therapy and have durable therapeutic effect. Our data suggest that intermittent PI3K inhibition can alleviate Pten-null cancer cell-intrinsic immunosuppressive activity and turn “cold” tumors into T cell-inflamed ones, paving the way for successful ICT.
Scn1a gene reactivation after symptom onset rescues pathological phenotypes in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome
Authors: Valassina Nicholas , Brusco Simone , Salamone Alessia , Serra Linda , Luoni Mirko , Giannelli Serena , Bido Simone , Massimino Luca , Ungaro Federica , Mazzara Pietro Giuseppe , D’Adamo Patrizia , Lignani Gabriele , Broccoli Vania , Colasante Gaia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDravet syndrome is a severe epileptic encephalopathy caused primarily by haploinsufficiency of the SCN1A gene. Repetitive seizures can lead to endurable and untreatable neurological deficits. Whether this severe pathology is reversible after symptom onset remains unknown. To address this question, we generated a Scn1a conditional knock-in mouse model (Scn1a Stop/+) in which Scn1a expression can be re-activated on-demand during the mouse lifetime. Scn1a gene disruption leads to the development of seizures, often associated with sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) and behavioral alterations including hyperactivity, social interaction deficits and cognitive impairment starting from the second/third week of age. However, we showed that Scn1a gene re-activation when symptoms were already manifested (P30) led to a complete rescue of both spontaneous and thermic inducible seizures, marked amelioration of behavioral abnormalities and normalization of hippocampal fast-spiking interneuron firing. We also identified dramatic gene expression alterations, including those associated with astrogliosis in Dravet syndrome mice, that, accordingly, were rescued by Scn1a gene expression normalization at P30. Interestingly, regaining of Nav1.1 physiological level rescued seizures also in adult Dravet syndrome mice (P90) after months of repetitive attacks. Overall, these findings represent a solid proof-of-concept highlighting that disease phenotype reversibility can be achieved when Scn1a gene activity is efficiently reconstituted in brain cells.
The m6A methyltransferase METTL3 regulates muscle maintenance and growth in mice
Authors: Petrosino Jennifer M. , Hinger Scott A. , Golubeva Volha A. , Barajas Juan M. , Dorn Lisa E. , Iyer Chitra C. , Sun Hui-Lung , Arnold W. David , He Chuan , Accornero Federica 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSkeletal muscle serves fundamental roles in organismal health. Gene expression fluctuations are critical for muscle homeostasis and the response to environmental insults. Yet, little is known about post-transcriptional mechanisms regulating such fluctuations while impacting muscle proteome. Here we report genome-wide analysis of mRNA methyladenosine (m6A) dynamics of skeletal muscle hypertrophic growth following overload-induced stress. We show that increases in METTL3 (the m6A enzyme), and concomitantly m6A, control skeletal muscle size during hypertrophy; exogenous delivery of METTL3 induces skeletal muscle growth, even without external triggers. We also show that METTL3 represses activin type 2 A receptors (ACVR2A) synthesis, blunting activation of anti-hypertrophic signaling. Notably, myofiber-specific conditional genetic deletion of METTL3 caused spontaneous muscle wasting over time and abrogated overload-induced hypertrophy; a phenotype reverted by co-administration of a myostatin inhibitor. These studies identify a previously unrecognized post-transcriptional mechanism promoting the hypertrophic response of skeletal muscle via control of myostatin signaling.
Targeting necroptosis in muscle fibers ameliorates inflammatory myopathies
Authors: Kamiya Mari , Mizoguchi Fumitaka , Kawahata Kimito , Wang Dengli , Nishibori Masahiro , Day Jessica , Louis Cynthia , Wicks Ian P. , Kohsaka Hitoshi , Yasuda Shinsuke 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMuscle cell death in polymyositis is induced by CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. We hypothesized that the injured muscle fibers release pro-inflammatory molecules, which would further accelerate CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes-induced muscle injury, and inhibition of the cell death of muscle fibers could be a novel therapeutic strategy to suppress both muscle injury and inflammation in polymyositis. Here, we show that the pattern of cell death of muscle fibers in polymyositis is FAS ligand-dependent necroptosis, while that of satellite cells and myoblasts is perforin 1/granzyme B-dependent apoptosis, using human muscle biopsy specimens of polymyositis patients and models of polymyositis in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of necroptosis suppresses not only CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes-induced cell death of myotubes but also the release of inflammatory molecules including HMGB1. Treatment with a necroptosis inhibitor or anti-HMGB1 antibodies ameliorates myositis-induced muscle weakness as well as muscle cell death and inflammation in the muscles. Thus, targeting necroptosis in muscle cells is a promising strategy for treating polymyositis providing an alternative to current therapies directed at leukocytes.
Reciprocity of thermal diffusion in time-modulated systems
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Li Ying , Cao Pei-Chao , Qi Minghong , Zheng Xu , Peng Yu-Gui , Li Baowen , Zhu Xue-Feng , Alù Andrea , Chen Hongsheng , Qiu Cheng-Wei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe reciprocity principle governs the symmetry in transmission of electromagnetic and acoustic waves, as well as the diffusion of heat between two points in space, with important consequences for thermal management and energy harvesting. There has been significant recent interest in materials with time-modulated properties, which have been shown to efficiently break reciprocity for light, sound, and even charge diffusion. However, time modulation may not be a plausible approach to break thermal reciprocity, in contrast to the usual perception. We establish a theoretical framework to accurately describe the behavior of diffusive processes under time modulation, and prove that thermal reciprocity in dynamic materials is generally preserved by the continuity equation, unless some external bias or special material is considered. We then experimentally demonstrate reciprocal heat transfer in a time-modulated device. Our findings correct previous misconceptions regarding reciprocity breaking for thermal diffusion, revealing the generality of symmetry constraints in heat transfer, and clarifying its differences from other transport processes in what concerns the principles of reciprocity and microscopic reversibility.
Climate warming may increase the frequency of cold-adapted haplotypes in alpine plants
Authors: Wessely Johannes , Gattringer Andreas , Guillaume Frédéric , Hülber Karl , Klonner Günther , Moser Dietmar , Dullinger Stefan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractModelling of climate-driven range shifts commonly treats species as ecologically homogeneous units. However, many species show intraspecific variation of climatic niches and theory predicts that such variation may lead to counterintuitive eco-evolutionary dynamics. Here, we incorporate assumed intraspecific niche variation into a dynamic range model and explore possible consequences for six high-mountain plant species of the European Alps under scenarios of twenty-first century climate warming. At the species level, the results indicate massive range loss independent of intraspecific variation. At the intraspecific level, the model predicts a decrease in the frequency of warm-adapted haplotypes in five species. The latter effect is probably driven by a combination of leading-edge colonization and priority effects within the species’ elevational range and was weakest when leading-edge expansion was constrained by mountain topography The resulting maladaptation may additionally increase the risk that alpine plants face from shrinkage of their ranges in a warming climate.
Fibroblast growth factor-21 as a novel metabolic factor for regulating thrombotic homeostasis
Authors: Li Shuai , Jia Haibo , Liu Zhihang , Wang Nan , Guo Xiaochen , Cao Muhua , Fang Fang , Yang Jiarui , Li Junyan , He Qi , Guo Rui , Zhang Teng , Kang Kai , Wang Zongbao , Liu Shijie , Cao Yukai , Jiang Xinghao , Ren Guiping , Wang Kai , Yu Bo , Xiao Wei , Li Deshan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) performs a wide range of biological functions in organisms. Here, we report for the first time that FGF-21 suppresses thrombus formation with no notable risk of bleeding. Prophylactic and therapeutic administration of FGF-21 significantly improved the degree of vascular stenosis and reduced the thrombus area, volume and burden. We determined the antithrombotic mechanism of FGF-21, demonstrating that FGF-21 exhibits an anticoagulant effect by inhibiting the expression and activity of factor VII (FVII). FGF-21 exerts an antiplatelet effect by inhibiting platelet activation. FGF-21 enhances fibrinolysis by promoting tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) expression and activation, while inhibiting plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) expression and activation. We further found that FGF-21 mediated the expression and activation of tPA and PAI-1 by regulating the ERK1/2 and TGF-β/Smad2 pathways, respectively. In addition, we found that FGF-21 inhibits the expression of inflammatory factors in thrombosis by regulating the NF-κB pathway.
Compensatory contribution of retinal larger vessels to perfusion density in diabetics without retinopathy
Authors: Blanco-Hernández Dulce Milagros Razo , Somilleda-Ventura Selma Alin , Chávez-Herrera Rebeca , Colas-Calvere María Guadalupe , Lima-Gómez Virgilio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractVessel and perfusion densities may decrease before diabetic retinopathy appears; it is unknown whether these changes affect the contribution of vessel density to perfusion density. This was a non-experimental, comparative, prospective, cross-sectional study in non-diabetic subjects (group 1) and diabetics without retinopathy (group 2). Vessel and perfusion densities in the superficial capillary plexus were compared between groups at the center, inner, and full regions and by field (superior, temporal, inferior, nasal) using optical coherence tomography angiography. Coefficients of determination (R2) between vessel and perfusion densities were calculated to find the contribution of larger retinal vessels to perfusion density. Percent differences were used to evaluate the contribution of these vessels to perfusion density in a regression model. There were 62 participants, 31 eyes by group; vessel and perfusion densities as well as the coefficients of determination between them were lower in group 2, especially in the nasal field (R2 0.85 vs. 0.71), which showed a higher contribution of larger retinal vessels to perfusion density. The regression model adjusted to a quadratic equation. In diabetics without retinopathy the contribution of vessel density to perfusion density may decrease; a low vessel density may increase the contribution of larger retinal vessels to perfusion density.
Clinical significance of quantitative bone SPECT/CT in the evaluation of hand and wrist pain in patients with rheumatic disease
Authors: Lim Chae Hong , Kim Hyun-Sook , Lee Kyung-Ann , Kim JongSun , Park Soo Bin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe investigated the diagnostic value of the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) at hand and wrist joints for differentiating rheumatic diseases via bone single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT). A total of 84 patients manifesting hand and wrist pain (58 women; age, 49.8 ± 15.4 years) were finally diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n = 42), osteoarthritis (OA, n = 16), fibromyalgia (FM, n = 2), and other rheumatic diseases (n = 24). The SUV of each patient was measured in 32 joints including the distal interphalangeal (DIP), proximal interphalangeal (PIP), metacarpophalangeal (MCP), and wrist joints bilaterally. Differences in pain and SUVs between specific rheumatic diseases were assessed using the chi-squared test or one-way analysis of variance. Using the highest SUV (hSUV) in each patient, the diagnostic performance in differentiating specific diseases was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Pain symptoms were present in 886 (33.0%) sites in a total of 2688 joints. In four joint groups (DIP, PIP, MCP, and wrist), the SUVs of joints with pain were significantly higher than those of pain-free joints (all P < 0.001). Active joint sites with higher SUVs than the median value of each joint group were the most common in RA (55.1%). RA showed the greatest hSUV in the PIP (3.0 ± 2.4), MCP (3.5 ± 3.4), and wrist (3.3 ± 1.9) joint groups. FM was characterized by the lowest hSUV of all joint groups. In ROC curve analysis, the cumulative hSUV of the PIP, MCP, and wrist joint groups showed good performance for evaluating RA (area under the curve (AUC), 0.668; P = 0.005). The summation of the hSUVs at all joint groups had an excellent predictive performance for FM (AUC, 0.878; P < 0.001). Consequently, the arthritic activity of the hand and wrist joints based on SUV differed according to specific rheumatic diseases. Quantitative SPECT/CT may provide objective information related to arthritic activity for differentiating specific rheumatic diseases.
Synthetic aircraft RS image modelling based on improved conditional GAN joint embedding network
Authors: Chen Junyu , Li Haiwei , Song Liyao , Zhang Geng , Hu Bingliang , Wang Shuang , Liu Song , Li Siyuan , Chen Tieqiao , Liu Jia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDeveloping an efficient and quality remote sensing (RS) technology using volume and efficient modelling in different aircraft RS images is challenging. Generative models serve as a natural and convenient simulation method. Because aircraft types belong to the fine class under the rough class, the issue of feature entanglement may occur while modelling multiple aircraft classes. Our solution to this issue was a novel first-generation realistic aircraft type simulation system (ATSS-1) based on the RS images. It realised fine modelling of the seven aircraft types based on a real scene by establishing an adaptive weighted conditional attention generative adversarial network and joint geospatial embedding (GE) network. An adaptive weighted conditional batch normalisation attention block solved the subclass entanglement by reassigning the intra-class-wise characteristic responses. Subsequently, an asymmetric residual self-attention module was developed by establishing a remote region asymmetric relationship for mining the finer potential spatial representation. The mapping relationship between the input RS scene and the potential space of the generated samples was explored through the GE network construction that used the selected prior distribution z, as an intermediate representation. A public RS dataset (OPT-Aircraft_V1.0) and two public datasets (MNIST and Fashion-MNIST) were used for simulation model testing. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of ATSS-1, promoting further development of realistic automatic RS simulation.
Multi-column modelling of lake Geneva for climate applications
Authors: Gaillard Romain , Perroud Marjorie , Goyette Stéphane , Kasparian Jérôme 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe interaction between large inland water bodies and the atmosphere impacts the evolution of regional weather and climate, which in turn affects the lake dynamics, thermodynamics, ice-formation, and, therefore, ecosystems. Over the last decades, various approaches have been used to model lake thermodynamics and dynamics in standalone mode or coupled to numerical atmospheric models. We assess a turbulence-closure $$k-\epsilon$$

k
-
ϵ

multi-column lake model in standalone mode as a computationally-efficient alternative to a full three-dimensional hydrodynamic model in the case of Lake Geneva. While it struggles to reproduce some short-term features, the multi-column model reasonably reproduces the seasonal mean of the thermal horizontal and vertical structures governing heat and mass exchanges between the lake surface and the lower atmosphere (stratified period, thermocline depth, stability of the water column). As it requires typically two orders of magnitude less computational ressources, it may allow a two-way coupling with a RCM on timescales or spatial resolutions where full 3D lake models are too demanding.
Systematic identification of NF90 target RNAs by iCLIP analysis
Authors: Lodde Valeria , Floris Matteo , Munk Rachel , Martindale Jennifer L. , Piredda Davide , Napodano Catello Mario Panu , Cucca Francesco , Uzzau Sergio , Abdelmohsen Kotb , Gorospe Myriam , Noh Ji Heon , Idda M. Laura 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRNA-binding proteins (RBPs) interact with and determine the fate of many cellular RNAs directing numerous essential roles in cellular physiology. Nuclear Factor 90 (NF90) is an RBP encoded by the interleukin enhancer-binding factor 3 (ILF3) gene that has been found to influence RNA metabolism at several levels, including pre-RNA splicing, mRNA turnover, and translation. To systematically identify the RNAs that interact with NF90, we carried out iCLIP (individual-nucleotide resolution UV crosslinking and immunoprecipitation) analysis in the human embryonic fibroblast cell line HEK-293. Interestingly, many of the identified RNAs encoded proteins involved in the response to viral infection and RNA metabolism. We validated a subset of targets and investigated the impact of NF90 on their expression levels. Two of the top targets, IRF3 and IRF9 mRNAs, encode the proteins IRF3 and IRF9, crucial regulators of the interferon pathway involved in the SARS-CoV-2 immune response. Our results support a role for NF90 in modulating key genes implicated in the immune response and offer insight into the immunological response to the SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Fungi anaesthesia
Authors: Adamatzky Andrew , Gandia Antoni 
Published: January 2022

AbstractElectrical activity of fungus Pleurotus ostreatus is characterised by slow (h) irregular waves of baseline potential drift and fast (min) action potential likes spikes of the electrical potential. An exposure of the myceliated substrate to a chloroform vapour lead to several fold decrease of the baseline potential waves and increase of their duration. The chloroform vapour also causes either complete cessation of spiking activity or substantial reduction of the spiking frequency. Removal of the chloroform vapour from the growth containers leads to a gradual restoration of the mycelium electrical activity.