bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethical and practical considerations for HIV cure-related research at the end-of-life: a qualitative interview and focus group study in the United States
Authors: Kanazawa John , Gianella Sara , Concha-Garcia Susanna , Taylor Jeff , Kaytes Andy , Christensen Christopher , Patel Hursch , Ndukwe Samuel , Rawlings Stephen A. , Hendrickx Steven , Little Susan , Brown Brandon , Smith Davey , Dubé Karine 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
One of the next frontiers in HIV research is focused on finding a cure. A new priority includes people with HIV (PWH) with non-AIDS terminal illnesses who are willing to donate their bodies at the end-of-life (EOL) to advance the search towards an HIV cure. We endeavored to understand perceptions of this research and to identify ethical and practical considerations relevant to implementing it.

Methods
We conducted 20 in-depth interviews and 3 virtual focus groups among four types of key stakeholders in the United States (PWH, biomedical HIV cure researchers, HIV clinicians, and bioethicists) to obtain triangulated viewpoints because little was known about the ethics of this topic. Each group was queried as to ethical considerations, safeguards, and protections for conducting HIV cure-related research at the EOL to ensure this research remains acceptable.

Results
All four key stakeholder groups generally supported HIV cure-related research conducted at the EOL because of the history of altruism within the PWH community and the potential for substantial scientific knowledge to be gained. Our informants expressed that: (1) Strong stakeholder and community involvement are integral to the ethical and effective implementation, as well as the social acceptability of this research; (2) PWH approaching the EOL should not inherently be considered a vulnerable class and their autonomy must be respected when choosing to participate in HIV cure-related research at the EOL; (3) Greater diversity among study participants, as well as multi-disciplinary research teams, is necessitated by HIV cure-related research at the EOL; (4) The sensitive nature of this research warrants robust oversight to ensure a favorable risk/benefit balance and to minimize the possibility of therapeutic misconception or undue influence; and (5) Research protocols should remain flexible to accommodate participants’ comfort and needs at the EOL.

Conclusion
Because of the ethical issues presented by HIV cure-related research at the EOL, robust ethical safeguards are of utmost importance. The proposed ethical and practical considerations presented herein is a first step in determining the best way to maximize this research’s impact and social value. More much inquiry will need to be directed towards understanding context-specific and cultural considerations for implementing EOL HIV cure research in diverse settings.
SLAMF6 is associated with the susceptibility and severity of rheumatoid arthritis in the Chinese population
Authors: Xia Guodong , Li Yetian , Pan Wei , Qian Chengmei , Ma Lin , Zhou Jingli , Xu Henggui , Cheng Chen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objectives
A recently published genome-wide association study identified six novel loci associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Korean population. We aimed to investigate whether these newly reported RA-risk loci are associated with RA in the Chinese population and to further characterize the functional role of the susceptible gene.

Methods
The susceptible variants of RA were genotyped in 600 RA patients and 800 healthy controls, including rs148363003 of SLAMF6, rs117605225 of CXCL13, rs360136 of SWAP70, rs111597524 of NFKBIA, rs194757 of ZFP36L1 and rs1547233 of LINC00158. Synovial tissues were collected from the knee joint of 50 RA patients and 40 controls without osteoarthritis for the gene expression analysis. Inter-group comparisons were performed with the Chi-square test for genotyping data or with Student's t-test for gene expression analysis.

Result
For rs148363003 of SLAMF6, RA patients were observed to have a significantly lower frequency of genotype CC (4.5% vs. 0.9%, p = 0.004) as compared with the controls. The frequency of allele C was remarkably higher in the patients than in the controls (11.5% vs. 8.0%, p = 0.002), with an odds ratio of 1.49 (95% CI = 1.16–1.92). There was no significant difference between the patients and the controls regarding genotype or allele frequency of the other 5 variants. The mRNA expression of SLAMF6 was 1.6 folds higher in the RA patients than in the controls. Moreover, SLAMF6 expression was 1.5 folds higher in patients with genotype CC than in the patients with genotype TT.

Conclusions
SLAMF6 was associated with both the susceptibility and severity of RA in the Chinese population. Moreover, rs148363003 could be a functional variant regulating the tissue expression of SLAMF6 in RA patients. It is advisable to conduct further functional analysis for a comprehensive knowledge on the contribution of this variant to the development of RA.
Sex-specific differences and how to handle them in early psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Passia E. , Vis M. , Coates L. C. , Soni A. , Tchetverikov I. , Gerards A. H. , Kok M. R. , Vos P. A. J. M. , Korswagen L. , Fodili F. , Goekoop-Ruiterman Y. P. M. , van der Kaap J. , van Oosterhout M. , Luime J. J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objectives
The prevalence of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is the same in men and women; however, the latter experience a higher burden of disease and are affected more frequently by polyarthritis. Here, we performed an early PsA cohort analysis to assess sex-related differences in demographics, disease characteristics, and evolution over 1 year including applied treatment strategies.

Methods
Our study is embedded in the Dutch south-west Early Psoriatic Arthritis cohoRt. We described patient characteristics and treatment decisions. For the comparison across sexes and baseline and 1 year follow-up, appropriate tests depending on the distribution were used.

Results
Two hundred seventy-three men and 294 women with no significant differences in age and ethnicity were included. Women reported significantly longer duration of symptoms before diagnosis and significantly higher tender joint count, a higher disease activity, higher levels of pain, and lower functional capacity. Although minimal disease activity (MDA) rates increased over time for both sexes, MDA remained significantly more prevalent among men at 1 year (58.1% vs 35.7%, p < 0.00).
Initially, treatment strategies were similar in both sexes with methotrexate being the most frequently used drug during the first year. Women received methotrexate for a shorter period [196 (93–364) vs 306 (157–365), p < 0.00] and therefore received a lower cumulative dose compared to men. Retention time was shorter for all DMARDs, and women had a delayed start on b-DMARDs.

Conclusion
After 1 year of standard-of-care treatment, women did not surpass their baseline disadvantages. Despite the overall improvement, they still presented higher disease activity, higher levels of pain, and lower functional capacity score than men. The nature of these findings may advocate a need for sex specific adjustment of treatment strategies and evaluation in early PsA patients.
Causes and age of neonatal death and associations with maternal and newborn care characteristics in Nepal: a verbal autopsy study
Authors: Erchick Daniel J. , Lackner Johanna B. , Mullany Luke C. , Bhandari Nitin N. , Shedain Purusotam R. , Khanal Sirjana , Dhakwa Jyoti R. , Katz Joanne 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
In Nepal, neonatal mortality fell substantially between 2000 and 2018, decreasing 50% from 40 to 20 deaths per 1,000 live births. Nepal’s success has been attributed to a decreasing total fertility rate, improvements in female education, increases in coverage of skilled care at birth, and community-based child survival interventions.

Methods
A verbal autopsy study, led by the Integrated Rural Health Development Training Centre (IRHDTC), conducted interviews for 338 neonatal deaths across six districts in Nepal between April 2012 and April 2013. We conducted a secondary analysis of verbal autopsy data to understand how cause and age of neonatal death are related to health behaviors, care seeking practices, and coverage of essential services in Nepal.

Results
Sepsis was the leading cause of neonatal death (n=159/338, 47.0%), followed by birth asphyxia (n=56/338, 16.6%), preterm birth (n=45/338, 13.3%), and low birth weight (n=17/338, 5.0%). Neonatal deaths occurred primarily on the first day of life (27.2%) and between days 1 and 6 (64.8%) of life. Risk of death due birth asphyxia relative to sepsis was higher among mothers who were nulligravida, had <4 antenatal care visits, and had a multiple birth; risk of death due to prematurity relative to sepsis was lower for women who made ≥1 delivery preparation and higher for women with a multiple birth.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest cause and age of death distributions typically associated with high mortality settings. Increased coverage of preventive antenatal care interventions and counseling are critically needed. Delays in care seeking for newborn illness and quality of care around the time of delivery and for sick newborns are important points of intervention with potential to reduce deaths, particularly for birth asphyxia and sepsis, which remain common in this population.
Prevalence and determinants of dietary practices among pregnant women in eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Fite Meseret Belete , Tura Abera Kenay , Yadeta Tesfaye Assebe , Oljira Lemessa , Roba Kedir Teji 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Appropriate dietary practices in pregnancy are critical to meet the increased metabolic and physiological demands; however, information about dietary practices among pregnant women, particularly rural residents, is limited. The study aimed to assess the level of appropriate dietary practices and associated determinants among pregnant women in Haramaya District, eastern Ethiopia, 2021.

Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 448 pregnant women in Haramaya District, Eastern Ethiopia. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews by trained research assistants, using a validated frequency questionnaire. The pregnant women were labeled as “appropriate dietary practice” when they consumed at least four meals daily, had a good food variety score, high dietary diversity score, and high consumption of animal source foods during the reference period. Otherwise, they were defined as “inappropriate.” A Poisson regression model with robust variance estimation was used to investigate the association of the independent variables with the dietary practice. An adjusted prevalence ratio with a 95% confidence interval was reported to show an association using a p-value < 0.05.

Results
The appropriate dietary practice among the study participants was 15.2% (95% CI = 12–18%). Of the respondents, 29.46, 37.5, and 24.7% had a high dietary diversity, high food variety score, and high consumption of animal source foods. The appropriate dietary practice was more prevalent among merchant women (APR = 2.07; 95% CI 1.07–4.02) and those whose husbands have at least a high school educational level (APR = 1.96; 95% CI 1.06–3.46). However, the prevalence of appropriate dietary practice was significantly lower among those who chewed khat (APR = 0.58; 95% CI 0.37–0.90) and among respondents who reported restriction of the intake of some foods (APR = 0.36; 95% CI 0.20–0.65).

Conclusion
We found sup-optimal appropriate dietary practice among pregnant women in this predominantly rural setting. Additionally, the lower appropriate dietary practice was observed among women who reported chewing khat and experienced restriction of dietary consumption during pregnancy. Therefore, nutrition policy programs and interventions aimed at encouraging maternal nutritional guidance and counseling are recommended.
Current findings and future prospective of high-value trans Himalayan medicinal plant Lycium ruthenicum Murr: a systematic review
Authors: Sharma Rajni , Raghuvanshi Rinky , Kumar Raj , Thakur Mohan Singh , Kumar Santosh , Patel Manoj K. , Chaurasia O. P. , Saxena Shweta 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The genus Lycium is commercially known for its nutrient dense goji-berries, among these berries, black goji-berries obtained from Lycium ruthenicum Murr are highly valued and widely used as traditional medicine in trans-himalayan cold desert Ladakh and as functional food in several countries.

Methods
The current collection of data and literature was done by exploring different scientific portals like SciFinder, Google scholar, PubMed, Dictonary of Natural Products, Institute for Scientific Information, Web of Science and Scopus by searching keywords like black goji berry, crystal pearl, and trans-Himalayan plant.

Results
Fruits of L. ruthenicum Murr, are overwhelmingly enriched in anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, polysaccharides, spermine and spermidine alkaloids. The presence of these bioactive phyto-chemicals has been linked with reported anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-fatigue, anti-atherosclerosis and neuro-protective properties of black goji berries. A unique color of these berries makes them exceptional as compared to other berries.

Conclusions
In this article, we have reviewed the variety of high value phytochemicals of Lycium ruthenicum Murr, with a special focus on health promoting anthocyanins which will provide an insight to the readers for exploring novel applications of L. ruthenicum Murr in field of medicine and food industries.
Influence of Physiological Media on over-1000 nm NIR Fluorescent DSPE-PEG Micelles for Bio-imaging
Authors: Doan Thi Kim Dung , Umezawa Masakazu , Kobayashi Hisanori , Oshima Atsushi , Ikeda Kazuno , Okubo Kyohei , Kamimura Masao , Soga Kohei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Fluorescence imaging in the over-thousand nanometer (OTN-) near-infrared (NIR) wavelength region is an emerging technique for real-time bioimaging. OTN-NIR probes are made from micellar nanoparticles encapsulating IR-1061 dye in the core of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) phospholipid (PL), such as 1, 2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DSPE)-N-[methoxy PEG] micelles. The property investigation revealed that the probe is less stable in albumin and PBS while remaining unchanged in water and saline. The results are critical for applying OTN-NIR probe from DSPE-PEG micelles in physiological environments.
Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM)-guided breast biopsy as an alternative to MRI-guided biopsy
Authors: James Jonathan 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) breast biopsy has been recently introduced into clinical practice. This short communication describes the technique and potential as an alternative to MRI-guided biopsy.

Methods and materials:
An additional abnormality was detected on a breast MRI examination in a patient with lobular carcinoma. The lesion was occult on conventional mammography, tomosynthesis and ultrasound and required histological diagnosis. Traditionally, this would have necessitated an MRI-guided breast biopsy, but was performed under CESM guidance.

Results:
A diagnostic CESM study was performed to ensure the lesion visibility with CESM and then targeted under CESM guidance. A limited diagnostic study, CESM scout and paired images for stereotactic targeting were obtained within a 10 min window following a single injection of iodinated contrast agent. The time from positioning in the biopsy device to releasing compression after biopsy and marker clip placement was 15 min. The biopsy confirmed the presence of multifocal breast cancer.

Conclusion:
CESM-guided breast biopsy is a new technique that can be successfully used as an alternative to MRI-guided breast biopsy.

Advances in knowledge:
CESM-guided biopsy can be used to sample breast lesions which remain occult on standard mammography and ultrasound.
Co-existent breast malignancy and contralateral primary axillary tuberculosis
Authors: Dluzewski Sam , Brown Adam , Musaddaq Besma , Hogben Rosalyn KF , Malhotra Anmol 
Published: January 2022

Breast tuberculosis is an extremely rare entity representing less than 0.1% of all breast disease in developed countries. Tuberculous infections within the United Kingdom have seen a steady decline with the highest rates present within North West London where infection rates reach 24.8 per 100,000. The presentation can mimic malignancy and lymphatic involvement of the breast both clinically and mammographically, with nodules within the upper outer quadrant, making accurate diagnosis challenging. Approximately, 30% of breast TB cases present with axillary lymphadenopathy and a recent case series review of approximately 44 cases in London found that the most common presenting feature was a solitary breast lump in 87% of cases. 4 We present a case of a patient presenting with primary malignancy and contralateral nodal disease highly suspicious for breast malignancy. Subsequent investigation led to the identification of synchronous localized cancer and tuberculous lymphadenitis. Synchronous presentation is uncommon and recognition and differentiation is vital as axillary lymph node metastasis is the most important factor in the staging of breast carcinoma and determining the subsequent oncological and surgical management.
Farm income and its taxation
Authors: Podstawka Marian , Podstawka Łukasz 
Published: January 2022

Motivation: It is increasingly common to hear the opinion that farm income should be taxed with income tax, just like other types of economic activity. Currently, the level of taxation of farm income is low. As the economic power of the farm increases, the level of taxation of its income decreases. Over the years 2014–2019, no variation can be observed in the level of taxation of farm income. Certain simplified attempts to record economic events on farms, due to the fact that they receive all kinds of subsidies, are being gradually introduced by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. The time has come to carry out a reliable assessment of the income situation of farms. The calculation of income is important for making management decisions on the farm so as to optimise the production structure, costs, etc.
Aim: The objective of the study is to assess the level of income among FADN farms in various economic classes, to assess the level of taxation of income of these farms, and to present the problems related to a potential change in the taxation of agricultural activities. The study aims to show the problems related to calculating income on farms and to present the advantages and disadvantages of the existing taxes paid by farmers.
Results: The result of the study is a proposal regarding tax rates in agriculture. According to the author, in the case of taxation of farm income, in order to maintain its current level of taxation, the tax rate should be 1–2%. If farm income were to be taxed, the tax rate, which would not increase the current tax burden, should be 2–5%.
Retail Payments Strategy for the EU versus the challenges of the payment sector
Authors: Polasik Michał , Widawski Paweł , Keler Grzegorz , Butor-Keler Agnieszka 
Published: January 2022

Motivation: The payment services sector has become one of the main areas for the development of financial innovation and the key element of the digital economy. However, the payment services market in the European Union (called the European Payments Market) is still fragmented along national borders, insufficiently integrated, and facing several challenges. Therefore, the newly announced Retail Payments Strategy for the EU is a document of great importance for the future of the entire EU economy, and deserves in-depth study.
Aim: The purpose of this paper is to assess whether the trends and challenges identified by the European Commission in the Retail Payments Strategy, and the general directions and proposed actions presented in this document, appropriately reflect the challenges faced by the European payment market.
Results: A comparative analysis of the Strategy’s assumptions and proposed actions was conducted, in relation to the identified challenges of the payment sector. The empirical data were derived from a survey of 202 experts from all EU member states, and the UK, Norway and Switzerland, covering all types of bank and non-bank payment market players. The analysis confirmed that the Strategy identified the main challenges and opportunities, in line with the results of the expert survey: the need for further development of open banking; cross-border integration and development of instant payments systems; and ensuring access to the banking payment infrastructure, including contactless and NFC mobile payments. However, the proposed directions of action in selected areas have not been sufficiently rationalised, and most of the actions have been left to be specified in the future. In addition, the Strategy relies mostly on the use of regulatory tools that may limit innovativeness. Although the Commission and the surveyed experts agreed in recognising the challenges related to the increasing role of BigTechs in the payment sector, no comprehensive solution addressing the related challenges was proposed in the Strategy.
Bunching with the Stars: How Firms Respond to Environmental Certification
Authors: Houde Sébastien 
Published: January 2022

Voluntary environmental certification programs have been a popular tool used by governments, industry groups, and nonprofit organizations alike. A central question in the design of such programs is who should pay for them. In a context where firms respond strategically to a certification, the answer to this question is a priori ambiguous and, ultimately, empirical. This paper provides important insights on this question using ENERGY STAR, a voluntary certification program for energy-efficient products, as a case study. I show that firms are highly strategic with respect to this certification and extract consumer surplus associated with certified products via three mechanisms. They offer products that bunch at the certification requirement, differentiate certified products in the energy and nonenergy dimensions, and charge a price premium on certified products. I use these findings to motivate a structural econometric model with firms’ strategic behaviors with respect to product line and pricing decisions and to investigate the incidence of a certification licensing fee to fund the certification program. This paper was accepted by Juanjuan Zhang, marketing.