bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weed management and tillage effect on rainfed maize production in three agro‐ecologies in Mexico
Authors: Fonteyne Simon , Leal Gonzalez Abel Jaime , Osorio Alcalá Leodegario , Villa Alcántara Jonatan , Santos Rodriguez Clara , Núñez Peñaloza Omar , Ovando Galdámez Jose Rausel , Singh Ravi Gopal , Verhulst Nele 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMaize (Zea mays L.) is grown in a wide range of agro‐ecological environments and production systems across Mexico. Weeds are a major constraint on maize grain yield, but knowledge regarding the best weed management methods is lacking. In many production systems, reducing tillage could lessen land degradation and production costs, but changes in tillage might require changes in weed management. This study evaluated weed dynamics and rainfed maize yield under five weed management treatments (pre‐emergence herbicide, post‐emergence herbicide, pre‐emergence + post‐emergence herbicide, manual weed control, and no control) and three tillage methods (conventional, minimum and zero tillage) in three agro‐ecologically distinct regions of the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, in 2016 and 2017. In the temperate Mixteca region, weeds reduced maize grain yields by as much as 92% and the long‐growing season required post‐emergence weed control, which gave significantly higher yields. In the hot, humid Papaloapan region, weeds reduced maize yields up to 63% and pre‐emergence weed control resulted in significantly higher yields than treatments with post‐emergence control only. In the semi‐arid Valles Centrales region, weeds reduced maize yields by as much as 65%, but weed management was not always effective in increasing maize yield or net profitability. The most effective weed management treatments tended to be similar for the three tillage systems at each site, although weed pressure and the potential yield reduction by weeds tended to be higher under zero tillage than minimum or conventional tillage. No single best option for weed management was found across sites or tillage systems. More research, in which non‐chemical methods should not be overlooked, is thus needed to determine the most effective weed management methods for the diverse maize production systems across Mexico.
Recognition and Redemption: Visions of Safety and Justice in Black Lives Matter
Authors: Loader Ian 
Published: March 2022

In this paper, I recover and appraise the principal ways in which movements motivated by the ideal of racial justice have sought to transform how questions of police and punishment are imagined and acted upon. The focus of the enquiry is the visions of safety and justice found in Black Lives Matter. I offer an interpretive reconstruction and appraisal of the core claims found with the Black Lives Matter movement and their ideological lineage and affinities. The paper seeks to understand those claims anthropologically, from the inside, trying to offer a best‑case rendition of their contexts and appeal. It also seeks to situate these claims politically (while recognizing diversity and avoiding the imposition of some spurious unity) with a view to grasping the normative character of the alternative plausible world that Black Lives Matter projects and seeks to usher into being. My claim is that one finds in Black Lives Matter a tension between a politics of self‑determination and a wider politics of transformative redemption.
Effects of Total Pressure Distribution on Performance of Small-Size Counter-Rotating Axial-Flow Fan Stage for Electrical Propulsion
Authors: Bandopadhyay Tuhin , Mistry Chetan S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Counter-rotating fan provides significant benefits over the conventional fan in terms of overall performance and size. For electric propulsion application, a counter-rotating fan provides compactness and reduction in weight to achieve higher pressure rise with less power consumption as compared to the unducted propeller. Past literature suggests counter-rotating fans, designed with higher loading in the front rotor, have a flat performance map and a wider range of stable operation. The recommendation of higher aerodynamic loading is not clear what needs to be the aerodynamic load split amongst the rotors. This, in particular, benefits the electrical vehicle to have higher maneuver capability during operation. The paper discusses the design methodology of counter-rotating fans for application in roadable electric aircraft and the effect of different aerodynamic load distributions for both rotors on its overall performance. Fans are designed for different total-pressure rise and loading distributions as (1) 50–50%, (2) 55–45%, (3) 60–40%, and (4) 65–35% in front and rear rotor. It is observed that, as the loading increases for the front rotor, blade camber increases and hence to more prone toward flow separation near the trailing edge under an adverse pressure gradient. Wake coming from the front rotor grows thicker with higher loading, leading to flow acceleration (thus total-pressure loss) in the axial gap between these rotors. As a consequence, flow incidents on the rear rotor other than the design incidence, and thus the rear rotor operates under off-design. With 55–45% loading, both the rotors achieve desired total-pressure rise and stable operating range. The detailed flow field study is discussed to bring important outcomes for achieving the desired performance.
Early Experiences Designing a Scalable COVID-19 Reusable Elastomeric Respirator
Authors: Slatnick Brianna L. , Yu Lumeng J. , Yang Alexander , Wu Kyle C. , Crum Robert W. , Betit Peter , Brown Mark , Pires Chad , Priest John R. , Staffa Steven J. , Weldon Christopher , Fishman Steven J. , Kim Heung Bae , Demehri Farokh R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic created an unprecedented shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) for healthcare workers—especially respirators. In response to a lack of commercial respirator equipment, a multidisciplinary prototyping hackathon was held and the key components required to develop an inexpensive, scalable “COVID-19 reusable elastomeric respirator” (RER-19) were identified. Available hospital supplies were assessed based on their published technical specifications to meet each of the key component requirements. The fully assembled prototype was then validated through user testing, and volunteers underwent standard fit testing with cardiopulmonary monitoring while wearing the RER-19 in a small pilot study. Multiple social media platforms were then used to disseminate educational information on respirator assembly, use, and maintenance. Here, we present our institution's initial experience with prototyping to meet a specific healthcare challenge, in combination with prompt dissemination of information to educate and empower healthcare workers in the face of a critical PPE shortage during an unprecedented and evolving pandemic.
Optimized Simulation of Upper Body Timing on the Production of Bat-Head Speed in Baseball Batting
Authors: Ae Kazumichi , Burke Dave , Kawamura Takashi , Koike Sekiya 
Published: March 2022

The objectives of this study were to (1) investigate the effect of the timing of the upper body joint motions in baseball batting on the bat-head speed and (2) develop and evaluate a simulation model inputting the individual hand forces on the bat. Twenty-three male collegiate baseball players performed tee batting set at waist height. A 10-segment angle-driven simulation model consisting of a bat and upper body was driven using the coordinate data of the standard motion. Performance optimization was conducted by changing the timing of the joint angle time histories of the upper body to increase the maximum bat-head speed. The optimization simultaneously estimated the individual hand forces by polynomial approximation dependent on the total bat forces to assess joint torques of the upper body. The bat-head speed increased to 39.2 m/s from 35.6 m/s, and the optimized timings were characterized by the earlier timing of the barrel-side elbow supination, wrist radial flexion, torso right lateral flexion, and the later timing of the barrel-side shoulder abduction. It is concluded that the skillful coordination of the individual joint movements for the upper body can produce a higher bat-head speed through effective sequencing of proximal to distal movements.
Physical Activity Type and Intensity Are Associated With Abdominal Muscle Area and Density: The Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Vella Chantal A. , Miljkovic Iva , Price Candice A. , Allison Matthew 
Published: March 2022

Background: Using data from a multiethnic cohort, the authors tested associations of multiple types and intensities of physical activity (PA) with abdominal muscle area and density. Methods: 1895 Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis participants (mean age 64.6 [9.6] y) completed health history and PA questionnaires and computed tomography to quantify body composition and measurements of cardiovascular and inflammatory biomarkers. Analyses included multivariable regression. Results: Compared with those not meeting PA guidelines for Americans, those meeting the guidelines had higher total abdominal muscle area (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval 1.60, 1.20 to 2.15), stability muscle area (1.68, 1.28 to 2.20), and stability muscle density (1.35, 1.03 to 1.76). After adjustment for relevant covariates, each SD increase in total moderate to vigorous PA was associated with a higher total abdominal (β, 95% confidence interval = 0.068, 0.036 to 0.173), stability (0.063, 0.027 to 0.099), and locomotor (0.069, 0.039 to 0.099) muscle area and higher locomotor muscle density (0.065, 0.022 to 0.108, P < .01). Only intentional and conditioning exercise were associated with total abdominal and stability muscle density (P < .05). Light PA and walking were not associated with muscle area or density. Conclusions: Most types of PA are positively associated with abdominal muscle area and density across functional categories, independent of relevant covariates. These results provide additional evidence for promoting PA for healthy muscle aging.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among migrants in shelters in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
Authors: Bojorquez-Chapela Ietza , Strathdee Steffanie A , Garfein Richard S , Benson Constance A , Chaillon Antoine , Ignacio Caroline , Sepulveda Jaime 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionMigrants, especially those in temporary accommodations like camps and shelters, might be a vulnerable population during the COVID-19 pandemic, but little is known about the impact of the pandemic in these settings in low-income and middle-income countries. We assessed SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity and RNA prevalence, the correlates of seropositivity (emphasising socially determined conditions), and the socioeconomic impacts of the pandemic among migrants living in shelters in Tijuana, a city on the Mexico-US border.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional, non-probability survey of migrants living in shelters in Tijuana in November–December 2020 and February–April 2021. Participants completed a questionnaire and provided anterior nasal swab and blood samples for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and antibodies (IgG and IgM), respectively. We explored whether SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with sociodemographic and migration-related variables, access to sanitation, protective behaviours and health-related factors.ResultsOverall, 481 participants were enrolled, 67.7% from Northern Central America, 55.3% women, mean age 33.2 years. Seven (1.5%) participants had nasal swabs positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and 53.0% were SARS-CoV-2 seropositive. Avoiding public transportation (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.90) and months living in Tijuana (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.10) were associated with seropositivity. Sleeping on the streets or other risky places and having diabetes were marginally associated with seropositivity. Most participants (90.2%) had experienced some socioeconomic impact of the pandemic (eg, diminished income, job loss).ConclusionCompared with results from other studies conducted in the general population in Mexico at a similar time, migrants living in shelters were at increased risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2, and they suffered considerable adverse socioeconomic impacts as a consequence of the pandemic. Expanded public health and other social support systems are needed to protect migrants from COVID-19 and reduce health inequities.
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for upper limb motor function and activities of daily living in patients with stroke: a protocol of a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis
Authors: Lu Yue , Xia Yuan , Wu Yue , Pan Xinyong , Wang Zhenyu , Li Yongjie 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionPatients with stroke usually suffer from varying degrees of movement dysfunction, which seriously affects their quality of life, especially for the upper limb dysfunction. Therefore, this study aims to compare the effects of different repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) modalities on upper limb motor function and daily activities in patients with stroke.Methods and analysisRelevant research will be collected systematically from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, Wanfang Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Chinese Scientific and Journal Database (VIP) about randomised controlled trials of rTMS in the stroke treatment range from the establishment to November 2020. Primary outcomes will be obtained from scales measuring the upper limb motor function like Upper Extremity Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale, Wolf Motor Function Test, Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test, Action Research Arm Test and Box and Block Test. The secondary outcomes include modified Barthel Index and adverse events (such as vertigo, headache and epilepsy), with the goal of assessing patients’ activities of daily living and the safety of treatment. In order to avoid personal bias in the included studies, two reviewers will conduct the data extraction and quality evaluation independently, and all data analyses will be performed by Generate Mixed Treatment comparison software V.0.14.3 and Stata V.16.0.Ethics and disseminationThe network meta-analysis (NMA) in this study does not require ethical approval because the data analysis will be used only to evaluate the rTMS treatment efficacy without patients’ private information. In addition, the results will be disseminated in international conference reports and peer-reviewed manuscripts.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020212253.
Risk and incidence of cognitive impairment in patients with chronic kidney disease and diabetes: the results from a longitudinal study in a community cohort of patients and an age and gender-matched control cohort in North Wales, UK
Authors: Hobson Peter , Kumwenda Mick , Shrikanth Siva , Nair Hari , Wong Stephen 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesThe aim of the current investigation is to estimate the incidence and risk for neurocognitive disorders (NCD) in a chronic kidney disease (CKD) cohort with diabetes, compared with an age and sex-matched control cohort.DesignLongitudinal follow-up.SettingDistrict general hospital North Wales, UK.ParticipantsNinety-two patients with CKD and an age and gender-matched sample of 143 controls at baseline and at approximately 36 months.InterventionsCognitive function was assessed in the patients with CKD (mean age 75.8±9.1; 49 men: 43 women) and the control cohort (mean age 74.4±6.2; 71 men: 72) at baseline and at approximately 36 months. An NCD diagnosis was based on patient, informant, case note review, neuropsychological assessment and application of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental disorders V.5 (DSM-5) for an NCD and Petersen’s criteria for mild cognitive impairment.ResultsFollow-up neuropsychological assessment and application of DSM-5 criteria of the cognitively normal patients and controls revealed, 25/92 (27%) of the CDK and 20/143 (13.9%) in the control cohort developed an NCD. The CKD cohort had a twofold increased risk for the development of an NCD compared with the controls, adjusted for age and sex. The incidence rate for an NCD in the CKD cohort was 10.5 and 5.1 in the controls, respectively. No association was observed with the stage of CKD and cognitive function.ConclusionsThis longitudinal investigation found that patients with CKD have a twofold increased risk for the development of an NCD. The current investigation highlighted the need to recognise that NCD in patients with CKD is a common comorbidity and that they are at a much higher risk for the development of a significant neurodegenerative disorders. In view of these risks, neuropsychological screening and assessment should be incorporated into normal CKD clinical practice and management.
Study protocol for the evaluation of pharmacist-participated medication reconciliation at county hospitals in China: a multicentre, open-label, assessor-blinded, non-randomised, controlled study
Authors: Yu Aichen , Wei Guilin , Chen Fanghui , Wang Zining , Fu Mengyuan , Wang Guoying , Wushouer Haishaerjiang , Li Xixi , Guan Xiaodong , Shi Luwen 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionPharmacist-participated medication reconciliation proved an effective strategy to decrease the risk of medication discrepancy-related errors. However, it is still under pilot in China and its effectiveness in the Chinese healthcare system remains unclear. This study aims to conduct a pharmacist-participated medication reconciliation intervention for elderly patients in county hospitals in China and to evaluate its effect.Methods and analysisThis is a multicentre, prospective, open-label, assessor-blinded, cluster, non-randomised, controlled study for elderly patients. The study will be conducted in seven county hospitals, and the clusters will be hospital wards. In each hospital, two internal medicine wards will be randomly allocated into either intervention group or control group. Patients in the intervention group will receive pharmacist-participated medication reconciliation, and those in the control group will receive standard care. The primary outcome is the incidence of medication discrepancy, and the secondary outcomes are patients’ medication adherence, healthcare utilisation and medical costs within 30 days after discharge.Ethics and disseminationEthics committee approval of this study was obtained from Peking University Institution Review Board (IRB00001052-21016). We have also obtained ethical approvals from all the participating centres. The findings will be published in scientific and conference presentations.Trail registration numberChiCTR2100045668.
Using Mobile Integrated Health and telehealth to support transitions of care among patients with heart failure (MIGHTy-Heart): protocol for a pragmatic randomised controlled trial
Authors: Masterson Creber Ruth M. , Daniels Brock , Munjal Kevin , Reading Turchioe Meghan , Shafran Topaz Leah , Goytia Crispin , Díaz Iván , Goyal Parag , Weiner Mark , Yu Jiani , Khullar Dhruv , Slotwiner David , Ramasubbu Kumudha , Kaushal Rainu 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionNearly one-quarter of patients discharged from the hospital with heart failure (HF) are readmitted within 30 days, placing a significant burden on patients, families and health systems. The objective of the ‘UsingMobileIntegratedHealth andTelehealth to support transitions of care among patients withHeartfailure’ (MIGHTy-Heart) study is to compare the effectiveness of two postdischarge interventions on healthcare utilisation, patient-reported outcomes and healthcare quality among patients with HF.Methods and analysisThe MIGHTy-Heart study is a pragmatic comparative effectiveness trial comparing two interventions demonstrated to improve the hospital to home transition for patients with HF: mobile integrated health (MIH) and transitions of care coordinators (TOCC). The MIH intervention bundles home visits from a community paramedic (CP) with telehealth video visits by emergency medicine physicians to support the management of acute symptoms and postdischarge care coordination. The TOCC intervention consists of follow-up phone calls from a registered nurse within 48–72 hours of discharge to assess a patient’s clinical status, identify unmet clinical and social needs and reinforce patient education (eg, medication adherence and lifestyle changes). MIGHTy-Heart is enrolling and randomising (1:1) 2100 patients with HF who are discharged to home following a hospitalisation in two New York City (NY, USA) academic health systems. The coprimary study outcomes are all-cause 30-day hospital readmissions and quality of life measured with the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire 30 days after hospital discharge. The secondary endpoints are days at home, preventable emergency department visits, unplanned hospital admissions and patient-reported symptoms. Data sources for the study outcomes include patient surveys, electronic health records and claims submitted to Medicare and Medicaid.Ethics and disseminationAll participants provide written or verbal informed consent prior to randomisation in English, Spanish, French, Mandarin or Russian. Study findings are being disseminated to scientific audiences through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at national and international conferences. This study has been approved by: Biomedical Research Alliance of New York (BRANY #20-08-329-380), Weill Cornell Medicine Institutional Review Board (20-08022605) and Mt. Sinai Institutional Review Board (20-01901).Trial registration numberClinicaltrials.gov,NCT04662541.
Improving primary prevention of acute rheumatic fever in Australia: consensus primary care priorities identified through an eDelphi process
Authors: Wyber Rosemary , Lizama Catalina , Wade Vicki , Pearson Glenn , Carapetis Jonathan , Ralph Anna P , Bowen Asha C , Peiris David 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo establish the priorities of primary care providers to improve assessment and treatment of skin sores and sore throats among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people at risk of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD).DesignModified eDelphi survey, informed by an expert focus group and literature review.SettingPrimary care services in any one of the five Australian states or territories with a high burden of ARF.ParticipantsPeople working in any primary care role within the last 5 years in jurisdiction with a high burden of ARF.ResultsNine people participated in the scoping expert focus group which informed identification of an access framework for subsequent literature review. Fifteen broad concepts, comprising 29 strategies and 63 different actions, were identified on this review. These concepts were presented to participants in a two-round eDelphi survey. Twenty-six participants from five jurisdictions participated, 16/26 (62%) completed both survey rounds. Seven strategies were endorsed as high priorities. Most were demand-side strategies with a focus on engaging communities and individuals in accessible, comprehensive, culturally appropriate primary healthcare. Eight strategies were not endorsed as high priority, all of which were supply-side approaches. Qualitative responses highlighted the importance of a comprehensive primary healthcare approach as standard of care rather than disease-specific strategies related to management of skin sores and sore throat.ConclusionPrimary care staff priorities should inform Australia’s commitments to reduce the burden of RHD. In particular, strategies to support comprehensive Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander primary care services rather than an exclusive focus on discrete, disease-specific initiatives are needed.