bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A scoping review of the changing landscape of geriatric medicine in undergraduate medical education: curricula, topics and teaching methods
Authors: Masud Tahir , Ogliari Giulia , Lunt Eleanor , Blundell Adrian , Gordon Adam Lee , Roller-Wirnsberger Regina , Vassallo Michael , Mari Daniela , Kotsani Marina , Singler Katrin , Romero-Ortuno Roman , Cruz-Jentoft Alfonso J. , Stuck Andreas E. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The world’s population is ageing. Therefore, every doctor should receive geriatric medicine training during their undergraduate education. This review aims to summarise recent developments in geriatric medicine that will potentially inform developments and updating of undergraduate medical curricula for geriatric content.

Methods
We systematically searched the electronic databases Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase and Pubmed, from 1st January 2009 to 18th May 2021. We included studies related to (1) undergraduate medical students and (2) geriatric medicine or ageing or older adults and (3) curriculum or curriculum topics or learning objectives or competencies or teaching methods or students’ attitudes and (4) published in a scientific journal. No language restrictions were applied.

Results
We identified 2503 records and assessed the full texts of 393 records for eligibility with 367 records included in the thematic analysis. Six major themes emerged: curriculum, topics, teaching methods, teaching settings, medical students’ skills and medical students’ attitudes. New curricula focussed on minimum Geriatrics Competencies, Geriatric Psychiatry and Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment; vertical integration of Geriatric Medicine into the curriculum has been advocated. Emerging or evolving topics included delirium, pharmacotherapeutics, healthy ageing and health promotion, and Telemedicine. Teaching methods emphasised interprofessional education, senior mentor programmes and intergenerational contact, student journaling and reflective writing, simulation, clinical placements and e-learning. Nursing homes featured among new teaching settings. Communication skills, empathy and professionalism were highlighted as essential skills for interacting with older adults.

Conclusion
We recommend that future undergraduate medical curricula in Geriatric Medicine should take into account recent developments described in this paper. In addition to including newly emerged topics and advances in existing topics, different teaching settings and methods should also be considered. Employing vertical integration throughout the undergraduate course can usefully supplement learning achieved in a dedicated Geriatric Medicine undergraduate course. Interprofessional education can improve understanding of the roles of other professionals and improve team-working skills. A focus on improving communication skills and empathy should particularly enable better interaction with older patients. Embedding expected levels of Geriatric competencies should ensure that medical students have acquired the skills necessary to effectively treat older patients.
End-to-end Mars entry, descent, and landing modeling and simulations for Tianwen-1 guidance, navigation, and control system
Authors: Xu Chao , Huang Xiangyu , Guo Minwen , Li Maodeng , Hu Jinchang , Wang Xiaolei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOn May 15, 2021, the Tianwen-1 lander successfully touched down on the surface of Mars. To ensure the success of the landing mission, an end-to-end Mars entry, descent, and landing (EDL) simulator is developed to assess the guidance, navigation, and control (GNC) system performance, and determine the critical operation and lander parameters. The high-fidelity models of the Mars atmosphere, parachute, and lander system that are incorporated into the simulator are described. Using the developed simulator, simulations of the Tianwen-1 lander EDL are performed. The results indicate that the simulator is valid, and the GNC system of the Tianwen-1 lander exhibits excellent performance.
Pathway of sodium alginate synthesis from marine brown algae, Sargassum wightii from Sri Lanka
Authors: Jayasinghe G. D. T. M. , Jinadasa B. K. K. K. , Sadaruwan N. A. G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlginates are natural polysaccharides that are extracted from brown seaweed varieties and it is widely used for their rheological properties. The main step in the extraction protocol of sodium alginate is alkaline extraction. Sodium alginate was produced by dipping the seaweed in 1% formaldehyde and 2.5% of sodium carbonate solution and properties were studied following the standard methods. The amount of sodium alginate yield was 31.7% in Sargassum wightii. The moisture content and the ash content were recorded at 16.82% and 5.20%, respectively. The viscosity and the gel strength were noted as 40 vcP, 4.54 × 10–2 kN with 0.1 M CaCl2 and 6.86 × 10–2 kN with 0.2 M CaCl2 respectively. This study of the extraction method and its properties reveal that Sargassum wightii brown seaweed species have a high affinity to extract the alginate.
Estimated glycemic index of rice increases with the release of new varieties in the middle reach of the Yangtze River
Authors: Huang Min , Xiao Zhengwu , Hu Liqin , Chen Jiana , Cao Fangbo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe amylose content of newly-released rice varieties has steadily decreased in rice-growing regions in the middle reach of the Yangtze River during 2006–2021, to parallel increasing consumption of soft-textured rice with low amylose content. We estimated the glycemic index of these newly-released rice varieties and reveal a significantly increasing trend, showing a 0.3 annual increase in estimated glycemic index of new rice varieties released each year. These results highlight the need to assess the potential health risks associated with the development of soft-textured rice with low amylose rice.
A Classification Model of Legal Consulting Questions Based on Multi-Attention Prototypical Networks
Authors: Feng Jianzhou , Cui Jinman , Wei Qikai , Zhou Zhengji , Wang Yuxiong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractText classification is a research hotspot in the field of natural language processing. Existing text classification models based on supervised learning, especially deep learning models, have made great progress on public datasets. But most of these methods rely on a large amount of training data, and these datasets coverage is limited. In the legal intelligent question-answering system, accurate classification of legal consulting questions is a necessary prerequisite for the realization of intelligent question answering. However, due to lack of sufficient annotation data and the cost of labeling is high, which lead to the poor effect of traditional supervised learning methods under sparse labeling. In response to the above problems, we construct a few-shot legal consulting questions dataset, and propose a prototypical networks model based on multi-attention. For the same category of instances, this model first highlights the key features in the instances as much as possible through instance-dimension level attention. Then it realizes the classification of legal consulting questions by prototypical networks. Experimental results show that our model achieves state-of-the-art results compared with baseline models. The code and dataset are released on https://github.com/cjm0824/MAPN.
Polarization modulation with optical lock-in detection reveals universal fluorescence anisotropy of subcellular structures in live cells
Authors: Guan Meiling , Wang Miaoyan , Zhanghao Karl , Zhang Xu , Li Meiqi , Liu Wenhui , Niu Jing , Yang Xusan , Chen Long , Jing Zhenli , Zhang Micheal Q. , Jin Dayong , Xi Peng , Gao Juntao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe orientation of fluorophores can reveal crucial information about the structure and dynamics of their associated subcellular organelles. Despite significant progress in super-resolution, fluorescence polarization microscopy remains limited to unique samples with relatively strong polarization modulation and not applicable to the weak polarization signals in samples due to the excessive background noise. Here we apply optical lock-in detection to amplify the weak polarization modulation with super-resolution. This novel technique, termed optical lock-in detection super-resolution dipole orientation mapping (OLID-SDOM), could achieve a maximum of 100 frames per second and rapid extraction of 2D orientation, and distinguish distance up to 50 nm, making it suitable for monitoring structural dynamics concerning orientation changes in vivo. OLID-SDOM was employed to explore the universal anisotropy of a large variety of GFP-tagged subcellular organelles, including mitochondria, lysosome, Golgi, endosome, etc. We found that OUF (Orientation Uniformity Factor) of OLID-SDOM can be specific for different subcellular organelles, indicating that the anisotropy was related to the function of the organelles, and OUF can potentially be an indicator to distinguish normal and abnormal cells (even cancer cells). Furthermore, dual-color super-resolution OLID-SDOM imaging of lysosomes and actins demonstrates its potential in studying dynamic molecular interactions. The subtle anisotropy changes of expanding and shrinking dendritic spines in live neurons were observed with real-time OLID-SDOM. Revealing previously unobservable fluorescence anisotropy in various samples and indicating their underlying dynamic molecular structural changes, OLID-SDOM expands the toolkit for live cell research.
Associations of parental and perinatal factors with subsequent risk of stress-related disorders: a nationwide cohort study with sibling comparison
Authors: Li Yuchen , Sjölander Arvid , Song Huan , Cnattingius Sven , Fang Fang , Yang Qian , Fernández de la Cruz Lorena , Mataix-Cols David , Brander Gustaf , Li Jiong , Zhang Wei , Fall Katja , D’Onofrio Brian M. , Almqvist Catarina , Lichtenstein Paul , Valdimarsdóttir Unnur A. , Lu Donghao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLittle is known about the contribution of pregnancy-related parental and perinatal factors to the development of stress-related disorders. We aimed to investigate whether parental/perinatal adversities entail higher risks of stress-related disorders in the offspring, later in life, by accounting for genetic and early environmental factors. Based on the nationwide Swedish registers, we conducted a population-based cohort study of 3,435,747 singleton births (of which 2,554,235 were full siblings), born 1973–2008 and survived through the age of 5 years. Using both population- and sibling designs, we employed Cox regression to assess the association between parental and perinatal factors with subsequent risk of stress-related disorders. We identified 55,511 individuals diagnosed with stress-related disorders in the population analysis and 37,433 in the sibling analysis. In the population-based analysis we observed increased risks of stress-related disorders among offspring of maternal/paternal age <25, single mothers, parity ≥4, mothers with BMI ≥ 25 or maternal smoking in early pregnancy, gestational diabetes, and offspring born moderately preterm (GA 32–36 weeks), or small-for-gestational-age. These associations were significantly attenuated toward null in the sibling analysis. Cesarean-section was weakly associated with offspring stress-related disorders in population [hazard ratio (HR) 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–1.12] and sibling analyses (HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.02–1.20). Our findings suggest that most of the observed associations between parental and perinatal factors and risk of stress-related disorders in the population analysis are driven by shared familial environment or genetics, and underscore the importance of family designs in epidemiological studies on the etiology of psychiatric disorders.
Novel function of THEMIS2 in the enhancement of cancer stemness and chemoresistance by releasing PTP1B from MET
Authors: Huang Wei-Chieh , Yen Jia-Hau , Sung Yu-Wen , Tung Shiao-Lin , Chen Po-Ming , Chu Pei-Yi , Shih Ya-Chi , Chi Hsiang-Cheng , Huang Yi-Ching , Huang Shih-Jei , Wang Lu‐Hai 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTriple negative breast cancer (TNBC) possesses poor prognosis mainly due to lack of effective endocrine or targeted therapies, aggressive nature and high rate of chemoresistance. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to play critical roles in cancer recurrence and chemoresistance. THEMIS2 was identified as the sole common elevated gene in three triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and two ovarian CSC lines. We discovered an intrinsic signaling scaffold function of THEMIS2, which acts as a novel regulator of cancer stemness in promoting multiple cancer stemness properties including sphere formation, stemness markers expression, chemoresistance and tumorigenicity with low numbers of cancer cells implantation. For the first time, we demonstrated that THEMIS2 specifically enhanced MET activating phosphorylation by suppressing the association of protein-tyrosine phosphatases 1B (PTP1B) with p-MET and MET, which accounted mainly for THEMIS2-mediated effect on cancer stemness and chemoresistance. Increased THEMIS2 expression was associated with poor survival in TNBC patients and in patients from our breast cancer cohort. We found that non-cytotoxic dosages of cryptotanshinone (CPT) could potently inhibit cancer stemness, chemoresistance and tumorigenicity by suppressing expression of THEMIS2. Notably, stable overexpression of THEMIS2 is associated with enhanced sensitivity toward Capmatinib and CPT treatment. Expression levels of THEMIS2 and p-MET protein were positively correlated in the 465 breast cancer specimens. Our study revealed the novel oncogenic role of THEMIS2 and its underlying mechanism via suppressing PTP1B association with MET and thus leading to its activation. Our findings suggest that THEMIS2 could be a biomarker for MET targeted therapy and also provide a potential clinical application using low dosages of CPT for treatment of THEMIS2 positive TNBC.
Novel insights into the consequences of obesity: a phenotype-wide Mendelian randomization study
Authors: He Chang , Zhang Miaoran , Li Jiuling , Wang Yiqing , Chen Lanlan , Qi Baiyu , Wen Jianping , Yang Jianli , Lin Sitong , Liu Dianyuan , Dong Ying , Wang Liying , Wang Qing , Chen Peng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObesity is thought to significantly impact the quality of life. In this study, we sought to evaluate the health consequences of obesity on the risk of a broad spectrum of human diseases. The causal effects of exposing to obesity on health outcomes were inferred using Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses using a fixed effects inverse-variance weighted model. The instrumental variables were SNPs associated with obesity as measured by body mass index (BMI) reported by GIANT consortium. The spectrum of outcome consisted of the phenotypes from published GWAS and the UK Biobank. The MR-Egger intercept test was applied to estimate horizontal pleiotropic effects, along with Cochran’s Q test to assess heterogeneity among the causal effects of instrumental variables. Our MR results confirmed many putative disease risks due to obesity, such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, sleep disorder, gout, smoking behaviors, arthritis, myocardial infarction, and diabetes-related eye disease. The novel findings indicated that elevated red blood cell count was inferred as a mediator of BMI-induced type 2 diabetes in our bidirectional MR analysis. Intriguingly, the effects that higher BMI could decrease the risk of both skin and prostate cancers, reduce calorie intake, and increase the portion size warrant further studies. Our results shed light on a novel mechanism of the disease-causing roles of obesity.
A novel partitioned matrix‐based parameter update method embedded in variational Bayesian for underwater positioning
Authors: Huang Haoqian , Tang Jiacheng , Wang Manyi , Wang Bing , He Xiufeng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn order to meet the requirements of the high‐precision positioning for the autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) in the complex and time‐varying marine environments, a novel partitioned matrix‐based parameter update method embedded in variational Bayesian (PMPU‐VB) is proposed to deal with the positioning accuracy problem caused by the inaccurate predicted error covariance and measurement noise matrices. By employing the variational Bayesian (VB) method, the accurate predicted error covariance matrix and the measurement noise matrix can be obtained. Subsequently, the PMPU‐VB, which employs the accurate predicted error covariance matrix and measurement noise matrix, is used as a substitute of the traditional Gaussian filtering (GF) algorithm, to update the probability density function (PDF) of the state vector. The state vector is defined to follow the Gaussian distribution, and the parameters of the Gaussian distribution are deduced by using the proposed partitioned matrix‐based parameter update method. Finally, the accurate position information of the AUV can be obtained. Therefore, the more precise state vector and the error covariance matrix are acquired. The experiments results illustrate that the PMPU‐VB has higher estimate accuracy, better stability and robustness than other comparison algorithms.
Limb reconstruction in a resource-limited environment
Authors: Ferreira Nando , Sabharwal Sanjeev , Hosny Gamal Ahmed , Sharma Hemant , Johari Ashok , Nandalan Vasudevan P. , Vivas Mauro , Parihar Mangal , Nayagam Selvadurai , Ferguson David , Rölfing Jan Duedal 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Limb salvage and reconstruction are often challenging and even more so in the limited resource setting. The purpose of this narrative review is to explore the strategies for addressing the unique obstacles and opportunities of limb reconstructive surgery in resource-limited environments globally. Methods: We review (1) the global burden and dimension of the problem, (2) the relevance of orthopedic forums and communication, (3) free and open-access software for deformity analysis and correction, (4) bidirectional learning opportunities, and the value of fellowships and mentoring between resource-rich and resource-limited countries, and (5) how societies like SICOT can help to tackle the problem. Finally, case examples are presented to demonstrate the choice of surgical implants, their availability in regions with limited resources, and how the universal principles of limb reconstruction can be applied, irrespective of resource availability. Results: Limb reconstruction can often be life-changing surgery with the goals of limb salvage, improved function, and ambulation. The contradiction of relatively few severe limb deformities in high-income countries (HICs) with abundant resources and the considerable burden of limb deformities in resource-limited countries is striking. Free, open access to education and software planning tools are of paramount importance to achieve this goal of limb reconstruction. Bidirectional learning, i.e., knowledge exchange between individual surgeons and societies with limited and abundant resources, can be reached via fellowships and mentoring. The presented cases highlight (1) fixator-assisted wound closure obliviating the need for plastic surgery, (2) open bone transport, and (3) hinged Ilizarov frames for correction of severe deformities. These cases underline that optimal clinical outcome can be achieved with low-cost and readily available implants when the principles of limb reconstruction are skillfully applied. Discussion: Limb lengthening and reconstruction are based on universally applicable principles. These have to be applied regardless of the planning tool or surgical implant availability to achieve the goals of limb salvage and improved quality of life.
Correlation of Nuclear Morphometry with Clinicopathologic Parameters in Malignant Breast Aspirates
Authors: Kalhan Shivani , Garg Shilpa , Satarkar Rahul N. , Sharma Puja , Hasija Sonia , Sharma Sonia 
Published: January 2022

Background Nuclear size, shape, chromatin pattern, and nucleolar size and number have all been reported to change in breast cancer.
Aim The aim of the study was to quantify nuclear changes on malignant breast aspirates using morphometry and to correlate the morphometric parameters with clinicopathologic features such as cytologic grade, tumor size, lymph node status, mitotic index, and histopathologic grade.
Materials and Methods Forty-five cases of carcinoma breast diagnosed on cytology were included in this study. Cytologic grading was performed as per the Robinson's cytologic grading system. Nuclear morphometry was done on Papanicolaou stained smears. One hundred nonoverlapping cells per case were evaluated. Both geometrical and textural parameters were evaluated.
Results Comparison of cytologic grades with most morphometric features (nuclear area, perimeter, shape, long axis, short axis, intensity, total run length, and TI homogeneity) was highly significant on statistical analysis. Correlation with tumor size yielded significant results for nuclear area, perimeter, long and short axes, and intensity with p < 0.05. The study of lymph node status and morphometry showed a highly significant statistical association with all the parameters. Mitotic count was significantly associated with all the geometric parameters and one textural parameter (total run length). On correlation of ductal carcinoma in situ and histopathological Grades 1 to 3 with morphometry, it was found that all the parameters except long–run emphasis were highly significant with p < 0.001.
Conclusion Morphometry as a technique holds immense promise in prognostication in breast carcinoma.
Nivolumab in Recurrent/Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck: A Tertiary Cancer Center Experience
Authors: Pareek Ananya , Patel Apurva A. , Kumar Mukesh , Kuttikat Philip G. , Annadanam Harshavardhan , Pendse Shantanu , Mohammed Naseer , Panchal Harsha P. 
Published: January 2022

Background Immunotherapy is a proven therapeutic option in recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC) after platinum therapy. At present, there are no published Indian data regarding administration of nivolumab in this setting.
Aim The aim of this study is to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of nivolumab in R/M HNSCC among Indian patients who progressed after one or more lines of chemotherapy, including platinum agents.
Methods All patients of R/M HNSCC who received nivolumab between 2/6/2018 to 31/3/2020 were assessed retrospectively for the efficacy and toxicity of nivolumab therapy.
Statistical Analysis All the data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 25 (IBM Corp., Armonk, N.Y., USA). Descriptive analysis was performed to obtain baseline characteristic of the study sample. Survival analysis was done using the Kaplan–Meier method.
Results Nivolumab therapy was tolerated well, with no new safety concerns, except one (8.3%) patient experienced grade ¾ toxicity (gastrointestinal). The clinical benefit rate (CBR) was found to be 66.7%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3 months (95% CI; 2.093–3.907), and median overall survival (OS) was 8 months (95% CI; 3.731–12.269) from the date of first dose of nivolumab.
Conclusions In our study, efficacy and toxicity were comparable with international data with no new safety concerns. Nivolumab emerged as an astonishing treatment option with tolerable toxicity profile in patients with R/M HNSCC postplatinum therapy, although limited treatment options are available at present.