bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organization of primary care
Authors: Akman Mehmet , Ayhan Başer Duygu , Usanma Koban Bugu , Marti Tino , Decat Peter , Lefeuvre Yann , Miller Robin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStrong primary care does not develop spontaneously but requires a well-developed organizational planning between levels of care. Primary care-oriented health systems are required to effectively tackle unmet health needs of the population, and efficient primary care organization (PCO) is crucial for this aim. Via strong primary care, health delivery, health outcomes, equity, and health security could be improved. There are several theoretical models on how primary care can be organized. In this position paper, the key aspects and benchmarks of PCO will be explored based on previously mentioned frameworks and domains. The aim of this position paper is to assist primary care providers, policymakers, and researchers by discussing the current context of PCO and providing guidance for implementation, development, and evaluation of it in a particular setting. The conceptual map of this paper consists of structural and process (PC service organization) domains and is adapted from frameworks described in literature and World Health Organization resources. Evidence we have gathered for this paper shows that for establishing a strong PCO, it is crucial to ensure accessible, continuous, person-centered, community-oriented, coordinated, and integrated primary care services provided by competent and socially accountable multiprofessional teams working in a setting where clear policy documents exist, adequate funding is available, and primary care is managed by dedicated units.
A Computational Framework for Time‐Dependent Deformation in Viscoelastic Magmatic Systems
Authors: Rucker Cody , Erickson Brittany A. , Karlstrom Leif , Lee Brian , Gopalakrishnan Jay 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTime‐dependent ground deformation is a key observable in active magmatic systems, but is challenging to characterize. Here we present a numerical framework for modeling transient deformation and stress around a subsurface, spheroidal pressurized magma reservoir within a viscoelastic half‐space with variable material coefficients, utilizing a high‐order finite‐element method and explicit time‐stepping. We derive numerically stable time steps and verify convergence, then explore the frequency dependence of surface displacement associated with cyclic pressure applied to a spherical reservoir beneath a stress‐free surface. We consider a Maxwell rheology and a steady geothermal gradient, which gives rise to spatially variable viscoelastic material properties. The temporal response of the system is quantified with a transfer function that connects peak surface deformation to reservoir pressurization in the frequency domain. The amplitude and phase of this transfer function characterize the viscoelastic response of the system, and imply a framework for characterizing general deformation time series through superposition. Transfer function components vary with the frequency of pressure forcing and are modulated strongly by the background temperature field. The dominantly viscous region around the reservoir is also frequency dependent, through a local Deborah number that measures pressurization period against a spatially varying Maxwell relaxation time. This near‐reservoir region defines a spatially complex viscous/elastic transition whose volume depends on the frequency of forcing. Our computational and transfer function analysis framework represents a general approach for studying transient viscoelastic crustal responses to magmatic forcing through spectral decomposition of deformation time series, such as long‐duration geodetic observations.
Seismic Coda‐Wave Attenuation Tomography of the Jammu and Kashmir Himalaya
Authors: Mitra Supriyo , Wanchoo Sunil Kumar , Priestley Keith 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLateral variation in seismic attenuation of the Jammu and Kashmir Himalaya has been studied from local‐earthquake coda waves using 588 single‐trace measurements and back‐projection tomography of coda quality factor (Qc(f)). Single‐trace measurements are performed for a range of lapse time and coda‐window length, and a final choice of 2ts and 90 s, respectively, have been made based on an unbiased distribution of Q0 as a function of epicentral distance. These choices ensure coda start time beyond transient arrivals and satisfies the assumption of coda‐wave generation through multiple forward‐scattering. From single‐traces we obtain Qc(f) = 231 ± 21f0.93±0.05, with a negative correlation between Q0 and η. Qc(f) tomography are presented as 2D‐anomaly maps computed from Qmean at every f, and as absolute Q0 and η maps. These reveal strong frequency‐dependent lateral variations in attenuation. At f = 3–5 Hz, the central Shiwalik Himalaya, Jammu‐Kishtwar Higher Himalaya, Zanskar Ranges, and eastern Kashmir Valley have ∼10% positive Qc anomaly; and high Q0 (270–300) and low η (0.8–0.85), indicating low absorption of seismic energy. The Kishtwar Window region, the reentrant of the Main Boundary and Main Central thrusts, and the western Kashmir Valley have ∼10% negative Qc anomaly, low‐to‐intermediate Q0 (210–250) and high η (0.9–1.0), revealing strong attenuation at structural heterogeneities. At f = 8–14 Hz, the lateral variation in Qc anomaly between the western Kashmir Himalaya (positive) and eastern Jammu‐Kishtwar Himalaya (negative), possibly arises from the crustal thickness variations and steep‐to‐shallow NE dipping Moho from east‐to‐west.
Viral cross-class transmission results in disease of a phytopathogenic fungus
Authors: Deng Yue , Zhou Kang , Wu Mingde , Zhang Jing , Yang Long , Chen Weidong , Li Guoqing 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Interspecies transmission of viruses is a well-known phenomenon in animals and plants whether via contacts or vectors. In fungi, interspecies transmission between distantly related fungi is often suspected but rarely experimentally documented and may have practical implications. A newly described double-strand RNA (dsRNA) virus found asymptomatic in the phytopathogenic fungus Leptosphaeria biglobosa of cruciferous crops was successfully transmitted to an evolutionarily distant, broad-host range pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Leptosphaeria biglobosa botybirnavirus 1 (LbBV1) was characterized in L. biglobosa strain GZJS-19. Its infection in L. biglobosa was asymptomatic, as no significant differences in radial mycelial growth and pathogenicity were observed between LbBV1-infected and LbBV1-free strains. However, cross-species transmission of LbBV1 from L. biglobosa to infection in B. cinerea resulted in the hypovirulence of the recipient B. cinerea strain t-459-V. The cross-species transmission was succeeded only by inoculation of mixed spores of L. biglobosa and B. cinerea on PDA or on stems of oilseed rape with the efficiency of 4.6% and 18.8%, respectively. To investigate viral cross-species transmission between L. biglobosa and B. cinerea in nature, RNA sequencing was carried out on L. biglobosa and B. cinerea isolates obtained from Brassica samples co-infected by these two pathogens and showed that at least two mycoviruses were detected in both fungal groups. These results indicate that cross-species transmission of mycoviruses may occur frequently in nature and result in the phenotypical changes of newly invaded phytopathogenic fungi. This study also provides new insights for using asymptomatic mycoviruses as biocontrol agent.
Aligned macrocycle pores in ultrathin films for accurate molecular sieving
Authors: Jiang Zhiwei , Dong Ruijiao , Evans Austin M. , Biere Niklas , Ebrahim Mahmood A. , Li Siyao , Anselmetti Dario , Dichtel William R. , Livingston Andrew G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPolymer membranes are widely used in separation processes including desalination1, organic solvent nanofiltration2,3 and crude oil fractionation4,5. Nevertheless, direct evidence of subnanometre pores and a feasible method of manipulating their size is still challenging because of the molecular fluctuations of poorly defined voids in polymers6. Macrocycles with intrinsic cavities could potentially tackle this challenge. However, unfunctionalized macrocycles with indistinguishable reactivities tend towards disordered packing in films hundreds of nanometres thick7–9, hindering cavity interconnection and formation of through-pores. Here, we synthesized selectively functionalized macrocycles with differentiated reactivities that preferentially aligned to create well-defined pores across an ultrathin nanofilm. The ordered structure was enhanced by reducing the nanofilm thickness down to several nanometres. This orientated architecture enabled direct visualization of subnanometre macrocycle pores in the nanofilm surfaces, with the size tailored to ångström precision by varying the macrocycle identity. Aligned macrocycle membranes provided twice the methanol permeance and higher selectivity compared to disordered counterparts. Used in high-value separations, exemplified here by enriching cannabidiol oil, they achieved one order of magnitude faster ethanol transport and threefold higher enrichment than commercial state-of-the-art membranes. This approach offers a feasible strategy for creating subnanometre channels in polymer membranes, and demonstrates their potential for accurate molecular separations.
Description and validation of a new, simple, easy-to handle, point-of-care technique for measuring erythrocyte aggregation kinetics
Authors: Charansonney Olivier L. , Morel Pascal , Dufaux Jacques , Vicaut Eric 
Published: August 2022

AbstractErythrocyte aggregation (EA) is a physiological process by which erythrocytes reversibly stick together within the blood vessels. EA plays a major role in blood viscosity in vivo, thereby impacting blood flow to organs. EA is no doubt greatly important in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions, but the studies its importance calls for are complicated by the lack of a reliable and easy way to measure it. We have developed a new point-of-care technique which can very specifically measure EA initial kinetics (EAK) in 20 s directly on blood samples routinely collected in tubes commonly used in clinical settings. We present the results of the validation studies of this EAK test: A mono-exponential curve explains 99% of EAK variance. EAK is normally distributed in healthy individuals, with an interindividual 15% coefficient of variation and is stable for least one hour after blood collection. Intraindividual coefficient of variation is 2.6%. EA can now be easily measured in any clinical setting.
Transcriptome profiling reveals the genes and pathways involved in thermo-tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotype Raj 3765
Authors: Azameti Mawuli K. , Ranjan Alok , Singh P. K. , Gaikwad Kishor , Singh Anil Kumar , Dalal Monika , Arora Ajay , Rai Vandna , Padaria Jasdeep C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWheat, one of the most widely consumed staple food crops globally, is relatively vulnerable to high temperature-induced heat stress. It is therefore essential to gain more insight into the comprehensive mechanism of thermotolerance of wheat in order to safeguard its production. In view of this, we analysed heat stress responsive transcriptome data of wheat to determine its gene expression level under heat stress. A total of 7990 DEGs, including 4483 up-regulated and 3507 down regulated genes were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis categorized 3910 DEGs into different ontology families. 146 pathways involving 814 DEGs were enriched during KEGG analysis. Metabolic pathways and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were the major pathways enriched. MYB (myeloblastosis) transcription factors (TFs) and many other TFs as bHLH, WRKY, NAC, ERF, were determined to be quite abundant in the DEGs. Since various reports indicate that these TFs play important role in plants abiotic stress, it is an indication that our DEGs are functional in heat stress tolerance. Verification of few selected DEGs using RT-qPCR produced expression levels similar to the transcriptome data. This indicates that the transcriptome data is reliable. These results could be helpful in enhancing our understanding of the mechanism underlying thermotolerance in wheat.
Human third-party observers accurately track fighting skill and vigour along their unique paths to victory
Authors: Caton Neil R. , Dixson Barnaby J. W. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSexual selection via male-male contest competition has shaped the evolution of agonistic displays, weaponry, and fighting styles, and is further argued to have shaped human psychological mechanisms to detect, process, and respond appropriately to cues of fighting ability. Drawing on the largest fight-specific dataset to date across the sports and biological sciences (N = 2765 fights), we examined how different indicators of fighting ability in humans reflect unique paths to victory and indicate different forms of perceived and actual resource-holding power (RHP). Overall, we discovered that: (1) both striking skill and vigour, and grappling skill and vigour, individually and collectively predict RHP; (2) different RHP indicators are distinguished by a unique path to victory (e.g., striking skill is a knockout-typical strategy, whereas grappling vigour is a submission-typical strategy); and (3) third-party observers accurately track fighting skill and vigour along their unique paths to victory. Our argument that different measures of RHP are associated with unique paths to victory, and third-party observers accurately track fighting vigour and skill along their unique paths to victory, advance our understanding not only of human contest competition, but animal contest theory more broadly.
Clinical and radiological evaluation of maxillofacial and otorhinolaryngological manifestations of Hansen’s disease
Authors: do Espírito Santo Rachel Bertolani , Serafim Rachel Azevedo , Loureiro Rafael Maffei , Gonçalves Dâmaris Versiani Caldeira , Sumi Daniel Vaccaro , de Mello Ricardo Andrade Fernandes , Collin Simon M. , Deps Patrícia D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo characterize maxillofacial, otorhinolaryngological and oral manifestations of Hansen’s disease (HD), we conducted a cross-sectional study in 21 current patients attending the Unidade Básica de Saúde de Jardim América, Espírito Santo, Brazil and 16 former patients resident at Pedro Fontes Hospital using data from computed tomography imaging, rhinoscopy, and oroscopy. Maxillofacial characteristics were compared with 37 controls. Differences in bone alterations across the three groups were determined mainly by severe resorption/atrophy being more frequent in former HD patients, with severe resorption/atrophy of the anterior alveolar process of maxilla in 50.0% (8/16) of former patients, 28.6% (6/21) of current patients and 10.8% (4/37) of controls and of nasal bones and aperture in 31.3% (5/16) of former patients compared with 0/21 current patients and two controls. There were no substantial differences in otorhinolaryngological and oroscopic findings between the two patient groups. HD patients had more tooth loss than the age-matched control group. Maxillofacial, otorhinolaryngological and oroscopic finding scores were strongly correlated only in current HD patients. Correlation between otorhinolaryngological and maxillofacial scores suggests that protocols for HD patient assessment and follow-up could include otorhinolaryngological evaluation, with radiological imaging where necessary, subject to replication of our findings in a larger study.
Age-Related Differences of Mandarin Tone and Consonant Aspiration Perception in Babble Noise
Authors: Meng Yaru , Chen Fei , Feng Yan , Peng Gang , Zheng Wei 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
This study investigated the categorical perception of Mandarin tones and consonant aspiration contrasts in babble noise among adults and adolescents aged 12–14 years, and explored the association between working memory and categorical perception.

Method:
Twenty-four adults and 20 adolescents with Mandarin as their native language were recruited. Their performances of phonemic identification and discrimination in babble noise and quiet conditions, digit span tasks, and nonword repetition were assessed.

Results:
Results indicated that, firstly, in the noise condition, both adults and adolescents showed wider boundary widths and lower between-category accuracies when perceiving aspiration of consonants than in the quiet condition, and the categorical boundary of tone perception in adolescents showed a transitional tendency toward Tone 1. Secondly, discrimination of consonant aspiration in adolescents needed to be further developed. Lastly, the accuracy of nonword repetition in adolescents was lower than that in adults, and adults with better auditory verbal working memory had better performance on tone perception.

Conclusions:
Our results provided evidence that tone perception is acquired easier than consonant aspiration perception, and tone perception is more robust and less susceptible to noise interference. Categorical perception performance relates to the capacity and utilization of auditory verbal working memory in some ways.
Magnetic signatures on mixed-mode frequencies
Authors: Bugnet L. 
Published: September 2022

Context. Theoretical works have looked into the various topologies and amplitudes, as well as the stability of the magnetic field that is expected to be present in the radiative interior of stars evolving after the main sequence. From these studies, we know that strong stable “fossil” fields might be trapped inside evolved stars. These could trigger the strong transport of angular momentum from the core to the envelope, a process that is not generally included in state-of-the-art stellar models. This may therefore have a substantial impact on the mixing and the inferred stellar parameters. Such internal magnetic fields have never been observed in evolved stars. As a result, there is a major piece missing from our global picture of stars as dynamical bodies.
Aims. Asteroseismology has opened a window onto stellar internal dynamics, as oscillation frequencies, amplitudes, and lifetimes are affected by processes that are taking place inside the star. The detection of buried magnetic fields could therefore be possible through the measurement of their impact on the oscillations of stars. This advancement would be groundbreaking for our knowledge of stellar dynamics. In this scope, magnetic signatures on mixed-mode frequencies have recently been characterized, but the task of detection remains challenging as the mixed-mode frequency pattern is highly complex and affected by rotational effects, while modes of different radial orders are often intertwined. In this work, we aim to build a bridge between theoretical prescriptions and complex asteroseismic data analysis to facilitate a future search and characterization of internal magnetism with asteroseismology.
Methods. We investigated the effect of magnetic fields inside evolved stars with solar-like oscillations on the estimation of the period spacing of gravity-mode (g-mode) components of simulated mixed gravito-acoustic modes. We derived a new corrected stretching function of the power spectrum density to account for the presence of magnetic signatures on their frequencies.
Results. We demonstrate that the strong dependency of the amplitude of the magnetic signature with mixed-mode frequencies leads to biased estimates of period spacings towards lower values. We also show that a careful analysis of the oscillation frequency pattern through various period spacing estimates and across a broad frequency range might lead to the first detection of magnetic fields inside red giants and at the same time, we adjust the measured value of g-mode period spacing.
Chemical composition of the young massive cluster NGC 1569-B
Authors: Gvozdenko A. , Larsen S. S. , Beasley M. A. , Brodie J. 
Published: August 2022

Context.The chemical composition of young massive clusters (YMCs) provides stellar population information on their host galaxy. As potential precursors of globular clusters (GCs), their properties can help us understand the origins of GCs and their evolution.Aims.We present a detailed chemical abundance analysis of the YMC NGC 1569-B. The host galaxy, NGC 1569, is a dwarf irregular starburst galaxy at a distance of 3.36 ± 0.20 Mpc. We derive the abundances of theα, Fe-peak, and heavy elements.Methods.We determined the abundance ratios from the analysis of an optical integrated-light (IL) spectrum of NGC 1569-B, obtained with the HIRES echelle spectrograph on the Keck I telescope. We considered different red-to-blue supergiant ratios (NRSG/NBSG), namely: the ratio obtained from a theoretical isochrone (NRSG/NBSG = 1.24), the ratio obtained from a resolved colour–magnitude diagram of the YMC (NRSG/NBSG = 1.53), and the ratio that minimises theχ2when comparing our model spectra with the observations (NRSG/NBSG = 1.90). We adopted the latter ratio for our resulting chemical abundances.Results.The derived iron abundance is sub-solar with [Fe/H] = −0.74 ± 0.05. In relation to the scaled solar composition, we find enhancedα-element abundances, [⟨Mg, Si, Ca, Ti⟩/Fe]= + 0.25 ± 0.11, with a particularly high Ti abundance of +0.49 ± 0.05. Other super-solar elements include [Cr/Fe] = +0.50 ± 0.11, [Sc/Fe] = +0.78 ± 0.20, and [Ba/Fe] = +1.28 ± 0.14, while other Fe-peak elements are close to scaled solar abundances: ([Mn/Fe] = −0.22 ± 0.12 and [Ni/Fe] = +0.13 ± 0.11).Conclusions.The composition of NGC 1569-B resembles the stellar populations of the YMC NGC 1705-1, located in a blue compact dwarf galaxy. The two YMCs agree with regard toα-elements and the majority of the Fe-peak elements, except for Sc and Ba, which are extremely super-solar in NGC 1569-B – and higher than in any YMC studied so far. The blue part of the optical spectrum of a young population is still a very challenging wavelength region to analyse using IL spectroscopic studies. This is due to the uncertain contribution to the light from blue supergiant stars, which can be difficult to disentangle from turn-off stars, even when resolved photometry is available. We suggest that the comparison of model fits at different wavelengths offers a route to determining the red-to-blue supergiant ratio from IL spectroscopy.