bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sources of information on diabetes and its demographic correlates: a nationwide survey among Singapore residents
Authors: Subramaniam Mythily , Lau Jue Hua , Asharani P V , Abdin Edimansyah , Roystonn Kumarasan , Wang Peizhi , Devi Fiona , Vaingankar Janhavi Ajit , Car Lorainne Tudor , Sum Chee Fang , Lee Eng Sing , van Dam Rob M , Chong Siow Ann 
Published: October 2022

Summary
Diabetes is a major public health concern in Singapore, and the Singapore Government declared a ‘War on Diabetes’, which included a nationwide public health campaign. It is important to identify what sources of diabetes information reach the general population, whether this differs by socio-demographic characteristics and if the sources of information influence knowledge of diabetes to aid the successful dissemination of health information. Two thousand eight hundred ninety-five respondents were part of a population-based cross-sectional study conducted from February 2019 to September 2020. Respondents rated on a five-point scale whether they had obtained information on diabetes from eight different information sources, and responses were dichotomized into ‘endorsed receiving information’ or ‘not endorsed receiving information’. Poisson regression models were conducted with the ‘endorsement of receiving information’ from each source as the outcome and socio-demographic variables as predictors. 95.9% of the study population had received information on diabetes from at least one source, and the mean number of sources was 4.2 ± 2.0. The leading source was media articles (82.1%), followed by health promotion videos/advertisements (77.9%), online websites (58.5%), books (56.5%), healthcare professionals (55.0%), radio (54.4%), public forums (27.7%) and support groups (15.5%). Endorsing a greater number of informational sources was associated with being younger, belonging to Malay or Indian instead of Chinese ethnicity, and having diabetes. An intensive nationwide diabetes awareness campaign successfully reached the public in Singapore with specific sources of information depending on socio-demographic characteristics. Findings suggest that diabetes information campaigns should utilize multiple channels for dissemination considering the different socio-demographic subgroups.
Molecular characterization of intergeneric hybrids between Malus and Pyrus
Authors: Pasqualetto Giulia , Palmieri Luisa , Martens Stefan , Bus Vincent G M , Chagné David , Wiedow Claudia , Malnoy Mickael A , Gardiner Susan E 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Apple (Malus) and pear (Pyrus) are economically important fruit crops well known for their unique textures, flavours, and nutritional qualities. Both genera are characterised by a distinct pattern of secondary metabolites, which directly affect not only resistance to certain diseases, but also have significant impacts on the flavour and nutritional value of the fruit. The identical chromosome numbers, similar genome size, and their recent divergence date, together with DNA markers have shown that apple and pear genomes are highly co-linear. This study utilized comparative genomic approaches, including simple sequence repeats, high resolution single nucleotide polymorphism melting analysis, and single nucleotide polymorphism chip analysis to identify genetic differences among hybrids of Malus and Pyrus, and F2 offspring. This research has demonstrated and validated that these three marker types, along with metabolomics analysis are very powerful tools to detect and confirm hybridity of progeny derived from crosses between apple and pear in both cross directions. Furthermore, this work analysed the genus-specific metabolite patterns and the resistance to fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) in progeny. The findings of this work will enhance and accelerate the breeding of novel tree fruit crops that benefit producers and consumers, by enabling marker assisted selection of desired traits introgressed between pear and apple.
Colonic Epithelial Circadian Disruption Worsens Dextran Sulfate Sodium–Induced Colitis
Authors: Jochum Sarah B , Engen Phillip A , Shaikh Maliha , Naqib Ankur , Wilber Sherry , Raeisi Shohreh , Zhang Lijuan , Song Shiwen , Sanzo Gabriella , Chouhan Vijit , Ko Frank , Post Zoe , Tran Laura , Ramirez Vivian , Green Stefan J , Khazaie Khashayarsha , Hayden Dana M , Brown Mark J , Voigt Robin M , Forsyth Christopher B , Keshavarzian Ali , Swanson Garth R 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundDisruption of central circadian rhythms likely mediated by changes in microbiota and a decrease in gut-derived metabolites like short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) negatively impacts colonic barrier homeostasis. We aimed to explore the effects of isolated peripheral colonic circadian disruption on the colonic barrier in a mouse model of colitis and explore the mechanisms, including intestinal microbiota community structure and function.MethodsColon epithelial cell circadian rhythms were conditionally genetically disrupted in mice: TS4Cre-BMAL1lox (cBMAL1KO) with TS4Cre as control animals. Colitis was induced through 5 days of 2% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Disease activity index and intestinal barrier were assessed, as were fecal microbiota and metabolites.ResultsColitis symptoms were worse in mice with peripheral circadian disruption (cBMAL1KO). Specifically, the disease activity index and intestinal permeability were significantly higher in circadian-disrupted mice compared with control animals (TS4Cre) (P &lt; .05). The worsening of colitis appears to be mediated, in part, through JAK (Janus kinase)-mediated STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), which was significantly elevated in circadian-disrupted (cBMAL1KO) mice treated with DSS (P &lt; .05). Circadian-disrupted (cBMAL1KO) mice also had decreased SCFA metabolite concentrations and decreased relative abundances of SCFA-producing bacteria in their stool when compared with control animals (TS4Cre).ConclusionsDisruption of intestinal circadian rhythms in colonic epithelial cells promoted more severe colitis, increased inflammatory mediators (STAT3 [signal transducer and activator of transcription 3]), and decreased gut microbiota–derived SCFAs compared with DSS alone. Further investigation elucidating the molecular mechanisms behind these findings could provide novel circadian directed targets and strategies in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
Reassessing the evidence of a survival advantage in Type 2 diabetes treated with metformin compared with controls without diabetes: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Keys Matthew Thomas , Thinggaard Mikael , Larsen Lisbeth Aagaard , Pedersen Dorthe Almind , Hallas Jesper , Christensen Kaare 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Previous research has suggested that individuals with Type 2 diabetes and initiated on metformin monotherapy present with a survival advantage compared with the general population without diabetes. This finding has generated considerable interest in the prophylactic use of metformin against age-related morbidity.

Methods
Utilizing Danish National Health Registers, we assessed differences in survival associated with metformin monotherapy for Type 2 diabetes compared with no diagnosis of diabetes in both singleton and discordant twin populations between 1996 and 2012. Data were analysed in both nested case–control and matched cohort study designs, with incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and hazard ratios estimated using conditional logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression, respectively.

Results
In case–control pairs matched on birth year and sex or co-twin (sex, birth year and familial factors), incident Type 2 diabetes with treatment by metformin monotherapy initiation compared with no diagnosis of diabetes was associated with increased mortality in both singletons (IRR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.37, 1.68) and discordant twin pairs (IRR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.35, 2.67). After adjusting for co-morbidities and social indicators, these associations were attenuated to 1.32 (95% CI: 1.16, 1.50) and 1.64 (95% CI: 1.10, 2.46), respectively. Increased mortality was observed across all levels of cumulative use and invariant to a range of study designs and sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions
Treatment initiation by metformin monotherapy in Type 2 diabetes was not associated with survival equal or superior to that of the general population without diabetes. Our contrasting findings compared with previous research are unlikely to be the result of differences in epidemiological or methodological parameters.
Vox pops vs. poll results—effects of consonant and dissonant displays of public opinion in news coverage
Authors: Peter Christina , Beckers Kathleen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Interviews with ordinary people on the street, so-called vox pops, are a popular way to present public opinion in the news. Although early research on the phenomenon claimed them to be more influential than base-rate information such as opinion polls, newer research, and meta-analyses paint a more complex picture of influence. In addition, research on the competing influence of these information types is scarce, especially in scenarios where they provide conflicting information about what the public thinks. Our study analyzes how various combinations of vox pops and public opinion polls affect audience’s perceptions of public opinion using a two-country experiment on two political issues. Results suggest that both vox pops and opinion polls influence public opinion perceptions, with polls being more influential than vox pops even when both cues contradict each other.
A time-aware attention model for prediction of acute kidney injury after pediatric cardiac surgery
Authors: Zeng Xian , Shi Shanshan , Sun Yuhan , Feng Yuqing , Tan Linhua , Lin Ru , Li Jianhua , Duan Huilong , Shu Qiang , Li Haomin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after pediatric cardiac surgery, and the early detection of AKI may allow for timely preventive or therapeutic measures. However, current AKI prediction researches pay less attention to time information among time-series clinical data and model building strategies that meet complex clinical application scenario. This study aims to develop and validate a model for predicting postoperative AKI that operates sequentially over individual time-series clinical data.

Materials and Methods
A retrospective cohort of 3386 pediatric patients extracted from PIC database was used for training, calibrating, and testing purposes. A time-aware deep learning model was developed and evaluated from 3 clinical perspectives that use different data collection windows and prediction windows to answer different AKI prediction questions encountered in clinical practice. We compared our model with existing state-of-the-art models from 3 clinical perspectives using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC AUC) and the area under the precision-recall curve (PR AUC).

Results
Our proposed model significantly outperformed the existing state-of-the-art models with an improved average performance for any AKI prediction from the 3 evaluation perspectives. This model predicted 91% of all AKI episodes using data collected at 24 h after surgery, resulting in a ROC AUC of 0.908 and a PR AUC of 0.898. On average, our model predicted 83% of all AKI episodes that occurred within the different time windows in the 3 evaluation perspectives. The calibration performance of the proposed model was substantially higher than the existing state-of-the-art models.

Conclusions
This study showed that a deep learning model can accurately predict postoperative AKI using perioperative time-series data. It has the potential to be integrated into real-time clinical decision support systems to support postoperative care planning.
Hiring Lucky CEOs
Authors: Amore Mario Daniele , Schwenen Sebastian 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Existing research shows that luck increases CEOs’ pay at their current firm. In this work, we explore how luck affects: (1) CEOs’ employment opportunities and (2) the performance of firms that hire lucky CEOs. Our results indicate that luck increases the likelihood to get a CEO job at new companies. Conditional on moving, lucky CEOs obtain a higher pay (both in absolute terms and relative to new industry peers) mostly due to higher incentive pay. Moreover, lucky CEOs tend to be hired by firms operating in less competitive industries. Despite the higher compensation they receive, the appointment of lucky CEOs is associated with a substantial decline in firm performance. (JEL: G34, D86, J33, M12)
Spatiotemporal Distribution of Leishmaniasis in an Endemic Area of Northeast Brazil: Implications for Intervention Actions
Authors: Guimarães-e-Silva Antonia Suely , de Sousa Oliveira Romário , Pimentel Karen Brayner Andrade , Ribeiro da Silva Rosa Cristina , Rodrigues Bruno Leite , Rebêlo José Manuel Macário , Pinheiro Valéria Cristina Soares 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution of leishmaniases, and contribute to the knowledge of their epidemiological dynamics from 2007 to 2017 in the municipality of Caxias, Maranhão, Northeast Brazil. Data on American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) and human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) were obtained in the Epidemiological Surveillance Sector of Caxias, while data on canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) were obtained in the Zoonoses Surveillance Unit. For data analysis and spatial representation of leishmaniasis cases, the geoprocessing of the data was performed, and the geometric features of the state of Maranhão, Caxias, and the disease registration sites were obtained from the shapefile database of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Geostatistics was used to create maps based on the Kernel density method, starting from the points, producing a raster file for each case with several data frames, allowing the instantaneous comparison of the phenomena. During the study period, ATL, HVL, and CVL were reported in Caxias, accounting for 114,304 and 8,498 cases, respectively. The geoprocessing analysis showed that leishmaniasis is widely distributed in the urban area of Caxias. However, there are risk areas for the transmission of these diseases to humans and dogs, associated with deforestation and urban expansion, and may vary over time. Preventive measures must focus on risk areas, including conservation efforts and urban planning, in order to reduce the transmission of leishmaniases.
A comparative study of metformin and nicotinamide riboside in alleviating tissue aging in rats
Authors: Geng Lingling , Zhang Bin , Liu Haisong , Wang Si , Cai Yusheng , Yang Kuan , Zou Zhiran , Jiang Xiaoyu , Liu Zunpeng , Li Wei , Wu Zeming , Liu Xiaoqian , Chu Qun , Liu Guang-Hui , Qu Jing , Zhang Weiqi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMetformin (MET) and nicotinamide riboside (NR) have both been reported to exert geroprotective effects in multiple species. However, the mechanism by which MET and NR regulate the aging program and delay aging in multiple tissues remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that MET and NR attenuate aging features in human mesenchymal stem cells. Moreover, by systematically investigating the pathophysiological changes in different tissues from aged rats after oral administration of MET and NR, we showed that both MET and NR treatment alleviated various aging-related characteristics in multiple tissues, including inflammation, fibrosis, and protein aggregates. Consistently, MET or NR treatment partially rescued aging-related gene expression changes in aged rats. Collectively, we report that both MET and NR attenuate senescence phenotypes in human stem cells in vitro and in a variety of rodent tissues in vivo, thus providing a valuable resource and foundation for further evaluation of these two compounds against aging.
Asymmetrical tidal tails of open star clusters: stars crossing their cluster’s práh† challenge Newtonian gravitation
Authors: Kroupa Pavel , Jerabkova Tereza , Thies Ingo , Pflamm-Altenburg Jan , Famaey Benoit , Boffin Henri M J , Dabringhausen Jörg , Beccari Giacomo , Prusti Timo , Boily Christian , Haghi Hosein , Wu Xufen , Haas Jaroslav , Zonoozi Akram Hasani , Thomas Guillaume , Šubr Ladislav , Aarseth Sverre J 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
After their birth a significant fraction of all stars pass through the tidal threshold (práh) of their cluster of origin into the classical tidal tails. The asymmetry between the number of stars in the leading and trailing tails tests gravitational theory. All five open clusters with tail data (Hyades, Praesepe, Coma Berenices, COIN-Gaia 13, NGC 752) have visibly more stars within $d_{\rm cl}\approx 50\,{\rm pc}$ of their centre in their leading than their trailing tail. Using the Jerabkova-compact-convergent-point (CCP) method, the extended tails have been mapped out for four nearby 600–2000 Myr old open clusters to $d_{\rm cl} &gt; 50\,{\rm pc}$. These are on near-circular Galactocentric orbits, a formula for estimating the orbital eccentricity of an open cluster being derived. Applying the Phantom of Ramses code to this problem in Newtonian gravitation the tails are near-symmetrical. In Milgromian dynamics (MOND), the asymmetry reaches the observed values for 50 &lt; dcl/pc &lt; 200 being maximal near peri-galacticon, and can slightly invert near apo-galacticon, and the Küpper epicyclic overdensities are asymmetrically spaced. Clusters on circular orbits develop orbital eccentricity due to the asymmetrical spill-out, therewith spinning up opposite to their orbital angular momentum. This positive dynamical feedback suggests Milgromian open clusters to demise rapidly as their orbital eccentricity keeps increasing. Future work is necessary to better delineate the tidal tails around open clusters of different ages and to develop a Milgromian direct n-body code.
Theoretical study of infrared and ultraviolet spectra of 14 isomers of C24 and comparison with astronomical observations
Authors: Karri Venkata Lakshmi , Kaluva Sumalya , Chaudhari Ajay , Onaka Takashi , Naganathappa Mahadevappa 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
The present paper discusses the infrared features of C24 based on the density functional theory calculation and suggests some of the features observed in celestial objects may be attributed to C24. We also calculate the electronic absorption spectra of the C24 isomers to compare with the bump feature at 217 nm in the interstellar extinction curve. The C24 isomers are of four groups viz. cage, planar, bowl, and ring forms, and the present study considers their neutral and charged states. The structural parameters are reported for the first time. The planar structure is the most stable and the ring structure has a significant dipole moment observed. We extract theoretical infrared spectra of fourteen isomers in their neutral and charged states at the B3LYP/6–311++G** level of theory. The time-dependent density functional theory approach is used to calculate the electronic transitions, the absorbance, and the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbitals (HOMO) to Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbitals (LUMO) gaps of the 14 C24 isomers in their neutral and charged states. Upon ionization, significant changes are observed in the infrared and electronic absorption spectra, and the structural parameters. Average theoretical spectra of the cage, planar, bowl, and ring of the C24 isomer show the features at 6.2, 7.65, 8.65, 11.3, 12.8, and 35.6 μm, which match with the features in the observed spectra of the reflection nebulae, NGC 2023 and NGC 7023. A sign of a bump in the ultraviolet at around 218 nm is observed in the electronic absorption spectra.
The contribution ofin situandex situstar formation in early-type galaxies: MaNGA versus IllustrisTNG
Authors: Cannarozzo Carlo , Leauthaud Alexie , Oyarzún Grecco A , Nipoti Carlo , Diemer Benedikt , Huang Song , Rodriguez-Gomez Vicente , Sonnenfeld Alessandro , Bundy Kevin 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTWe compare stellar mass surface density, metallicity, age, and line-of-sight velocity dispersion profiles in massive ($M_*\ge 10^{10.5}\, \mathrm{M_\odot }$) present-day early-type galaxies (ETGs) from the MaNGA survey with simulated galaxies from the TNG100 simulation of the IllustrisTNG suite. We find an excellent agreement between the stellar mass surface density profiles of MaNGA and TNG100 ETGs, both in shape and normalization. Moreover, TNG100 reproduces the shapes of the profiles of stellar metallicity and age, as well as the normalization of velocity dispersion distributions of MaNGA ETGs. We generally also find good agreement when comparing the stellar profiles of central and satellite galaxies between MaNGA and TNG100. An exception is the velocity dispersion profiles of very massive ($M_*\gtrsim 10^{11.5}\, \mathrm{M_\odot }$) central galaxies, which, on average, are significantly higher in TNG100 than in MaNGA ($\approx 50\, \mathrm{km\, s^{-1}}$). We study the radial profiles of in situ and ex situ stars in TNG100 and discuss the extent to which each population contributes to the observed MaNGA profiles. Our analysis lends significant support to the idea that high-mass ($M_*\gtrsim 10^{11}\, \mathrm{M_\odot }$) ETGs in the present-day Universe are the result of a merger-driven evolution marked by major mergers that tend to homogenize the stellar populations of the progenitors in the merger remnant.
DEVILS: cosmic evolution of SED-derived metallicities and their connection to star formation histories
Authors: Thorne Jessica E , Robotham Aaron S G , Bellstedt Sabine , Davies Luke J M , Cook Robin H W , Cortese Luca , Holwerda Benne , Phillipps Steven , Siudek Malgorzata 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Gas-phase metallicities of galaxies are typically measured through auroral or nebular emission lines, but metallicity also leaves an imprint on the overall spectral energy distribution (SED) of a galaxy and can be estimated through SED fitting. We use the ProSpect SED fitting code with a flexible parametric star formation history and an evolving metallicity history to self-consistently measure metallicities, stellar mass, and other galaxy properties for $\sim 90\, 000$ galaxies from the Deep Extragalactic VIsible Legacy Survey (DEVILS) and Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey. We use these to trace the evolution of the mass–metallicity relation (MZR) and show that the MZR only evolves in normalization by $\sim 0.1\,$dex at stellar mass $M_\star = 10^{10.5}\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$. We find no difference in the MZR between galaxies with and without SED evidence of active galactic nuclei emission at low redshifts ($z$ &lt; 0.3). Our results suggest an anticorrelation between metallicity and star formation activity at fixed stellar mass for galaxies with $M_\star \gt 10^{10.5}\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ for $z$ &lt; 0.3. Using the star formation histories extracted using ProSpect we explore higher order correlations of the MZR with properties of the star formation history including age, width, and shape. We find that at a given stellar mass, galaxies with higher metallicities formed most of their mass over shorter time-scales, and before their peak star formation rate. This work highlights the value of exploring the connection of a galaxy’s current gas-phase metallicity to its star formation history in order to understand the physical processes shaping the MZR.