bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Waste-to-wealth Activities of Scavengers: A Panacea to the Environmental Impact of Global Climate Change in Enugu Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Anierobi Christopher M. , Okeke Francis O. , Efobi Kingsley O. , Nwalusi Dickson M. , John-Nsa Chioma , Ibekwe Juliet 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Due to the increasing environmental hazards of climate change phenomenon, it has become a major concern of most environmentalist. Currently the world struggles to manage waste which are generated from human activity and it affects the global climate either positively or negatively. Therefore, particular attention should be paid to sustainable waste management strategy so as to ameliorate the issue. To this end, the 3-R concept of waste management (reduction, reuse and recycle) have been variously pursued by municipalities towards a sustainable waste management system. This study focused on the waste-to-wealth activities across the urban neighborhoods in the colonial city of Enugu and adopted a qualitative survey research design. Using stratified and simple random sampling technique, a survey was conducted in eight selected neighbourhood and orally interviewed waste pickers within the study area. It discusses solid waste disposal method in Enugu metropolis with a view to facilitating sustainable practices for enhanced environmental condition and wealth creation. The paramount theme is on the socio-economic networking of the waste-to-wealth activities in the area and the derivable benefits towards addressing the effects of global climate change phenomenon in the city. Its research results highlight the ineffective waste management system within the metropolis and showed that huge financial gains could be harvested from waste product. Also it revealed that waste picking is done on informal scale across all neighbourhoods in the study area. It concludes and recommends measures towards enhancing waste-to-wealth as a strategy for addressing the global climate change in the city.
The Role of Biodiversity in Ecosystem Resilience
Authors: Vasiliev Denis 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the context of global environmental change ecosystem resilience becomes critical for long term survival of species and consistent delivery of ecosystem services. Concerns however exist on whether managing ecosystems for resilience would actually support biodiversity conservation. Current focus of empirical studies on species richness as the main measure of biodiversity may result in underestimation of the link between biodiversity and ecosystem resilience. A closer look at different levels of biodiversity, namely interspecific, intraspecific and ecosystem diversity allow better understanding of how biodiversity underpins resilience. Thus, a holistic approach to biodiversity research and management is needed to maintain ecosystem resilience in the context of global environmental change. All three level of biodiversity need to be considered. Landscape Approach is likely to be the most effective strategy in conservation, because preserving biodiversity at a landscape level is likely to simultaneously ensure metapopulation genetic diversity, secure high functional redundancy and response diversity, and preserve ecological memory, which ultimately ensure ecosystem resilience and consistent flow of ecosystem services.
Integrated Hydrogeological Approach for an Aquifer System and Groundwater Flow, Nukhaib-Km160 Area, Western Iraq
Authors: Hussien Bayan M. , Al-Halboosi Jasim M. , Al-Kubaisi Mahmood H. D. , Fayyadh Abed Salih 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe hydraulic characteristics and the hydrogeological conditions of the hydrogeological system at Nukhaib-Km160 were studied within the water-bearing horizons, highlighting the flow system and its effects on the groundwater velocities and its balance (hydraulic gradients and permeability) taking into account the regional situations of structural. Several hydrogeological areas have been selected for future exploitation and development. 3D models and maps of spatial distribution are utilized for interpretation, it is supported by points of hydrogeological controls such as transmissivity and storage coefficients, depth of groundwater, lateral extensions, aquifers thickness, specific capacity, and well productivity. Prediction applications on specific capacities and transmissivity of aquifer and Kimball’s statistical method were used to calculate the ratio of groundwater mixing and recharge from aquifers of Umm Er Dhuma and/or Tayarat Fn. to production wells. The hydrogeological system of the Nukhaib- Km160 region has been categorized into eight major aquifers which include the Mulussa, Mulussa-Ubaid, Muhaywir-Ubaid, Hartha, Muhaywir-Najma, Umm Er Dhuma, Tayarat, and Tayarat- Umm Er Dhuma aquifers. Changes in hydraulic parameters for all aquifers have been examined in order to determine the spatial-hydrologic facts of aquifers, where the traditional TDS distribution, in addition to the hydraulic interpretation, shows the same phenomenon of interconnection and the source of groundwater. According to facts of the hydrogeological, the aquifers of Umm Er Dhuma and Tayrat are important and preferred for the plan of the future of water supply in the Western Desert of Iraq, especially for the increased demand for water resources and the sustainability of the assessment.
Engineering Investigation of the Geological Problems for Old Mosul City by Remote Sensing and GIS
Authors: Al-Jawadi Azealdeen S. , Ali Sabah H. , Adeeb Hadeer Gh. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Mosul is the provincial capital of the Nineveh Governorate located on the River Tigris, near the ancient city of Nineveh. The study focused on the urban planning of the old Mosul City, which was built hundreds of years ago, or even thousands of years, and its cultural, security, economic, and environmental importance. The city was designed according to the topography of the undulating area, and the slopes and tops of the hills were used for building houses, and the valleys that represent water drainage systems were used to make zukaks. This is evidenced by the passage of the waters of the runways and their movement from the highest areas and their flow to the main streets that represent the highest levels of drainage systems or the main valleys that eventually flow into the Tigris River. This unique design was of great importance in the cleanliness of the city, especially in the rainy seasons. The city was washed from the highest point to the bottom, and there were no floods inside the city except in relatively newly built areas, such as the Tawafa area, which was named as a result of its immersion in water during the winter and spring seasons. The obtained results of the study show a significant match between the natural drainage systems and the urban planning of the old city. This congruence appeared as a result of some geotechnical problems in the buildings and main streets, as there was a large inclination for most of the relatively high commercial buildings in and towards these streets. In these streets over time, there has been numerous successive collapse and settlement. The cause may be attributed to the weakness of the filling materials, as well as the flow of groundwater through them because this water follows the ancient course of the main valleys.
Primary malignant tumours and malignant transformation of cysts in the retrorectal space: MRI diagnosis and treatment outcomes
Authors: Gong Jing , Xu Yumeng , Zhang Yan , Qiao Lichao , Xu Haixia , Zhu Ping , Yang Bolin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
There are no clear guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of malignant retrorectal tumours. The purpose of this study was to increase preoperative diagnostic knowledge and to describe the outcomes of treatment for these patients.

Methods
This retrospective study was conducted on patients who underwent complete retrorectal tumour resection between May 2006 and July 2018, and had confirmed post-operative pathology reports. Demographic and clinical data (including imaging, perioperative, pathological, and prognostic data) were collected and analysed.

Results
Malignant lesions were identified in 15 (9 [60%], female) patients. The median age of the patients was 59 years (range, 34–72 years). Primary malignant tumours were identified in seven patients with solid tumours, in which gastrointestinal stromal tumours accounted for 71.4% (five of seven) and the remainder were chordoma or mucinous adenocarcinoma. Malignant transformation of cysts occurred in another eight patients with heterogeneous tumours, while histopathological features were present in 75% (six of eight) of patients with mucinous adenocarcinoma, and the remainder were squamous-cell carcinoma or neuroendocrine tumour (Grade 2). The malignant characteristics of the solid portions observed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were as follows: the cyst wall of the tumour was irregularly thickened; the surface was convex or lobed; the solid tumour had no capsule, or the capsule was destroyed; and the surface had a gyrus-like morphology. At a median follow-up time of 52 months (range, 13–100 months), the overall recurrence-free survival rate was 40.0% and the survival rate was 46.7%.

Conclusion
Some MRI features can be used to distinguish malignant retrorectal tumours from benign retrorectal tumours. The survival rate of patients with malignant retrorectal tumours is poor.
The multivariate-Tweedie: a self-weighting likelihood for age and length composition data arising from hierarchical sampling designs
Authors: Thorson James T , Miller Timothy J , Stock Brian C 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Weighting data appropriately in stock assessment models is necessary to diagnose model mis-specification, estimate uncertainty, and when combining data sets. Age- and length-composition data are often fitted using a multinomial distribution and then reweighted iteratively, and the Dirichlet-multinomial (“DM”) likelihood provides a model-based alternative that estimates an additional parameter and thereby “self-weights” data. However, the DM likelihood requires specifying an input sample size (ninput), which is often unavailable and results are sensitive to ninput. We therefore introduce the multivariate-Tweedie (MVTW) as alternative with three benefits: (1) it can identify both overdispersion (downweighting) or underdispersion (upweighting) relative to the ninput; (2) proportional changes in ninput are exactly offset by parameters; and (3) it arises naturally when expanding data arising from a hierarchical sampling design. We use an age-structured simulation to show that the MVTW (1) can be more precise than the DM in estimating data weights, and (2) can appropriately upweight data when needed. We then use a real-world state-space assessment to show that the MVTW can easily be adapted to other software. We recommend that stock assessments explore the sensitivity to specifying DM, MVTW, and logistic-normal likelihoods, particularly when the DM estimates an effective sample size approaching ninput.
Behaviour Insight Shadowing: examining daily life settings for the prevention of neglected tropical disease
Authors: Parke Sherrelle , Dauda Nurudeen , Ayarza Ruth 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Adaptation of daily behaviours can play a significant role in disease prevention. Behaviour Insight Shadowing (BIS) is a novel qualitative methodology, designed and used for the first time in this study, which applies the Behaviour Settings Theory as a framework for interrogating daily life patterns and identifying optimal opportunities for behaviour change.

Methods
Nine participant households were shadowed for a day, in Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Guinea Bissau. Shadowing involved close ethnographic observation alongside integrated interviewing techniques, and then followed up with a semistructured cross-examination at the end of the observation period. Real-time insights about the attitudes and behaviours of households at high risk of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) were then categorised by context and analysed thematically. Themes were then applied to a framework of understanding specific to NTD behaviour change and therefore informing more effective social behaviour change communications (SBCC) design. The methodology is adaptable, simple to replicate and produces in-depth, qualitative ethnographic stories.

Results
Findings highlighted important spatial and temporal aspects of target behaviours, with key differences between private and group activities. Ethnographic stories illustrated hierarchies between economic, social and temporal drivers of behaviour, and highlighted the ways in which health messages were introduced and responded to within and between households. This provided cultural levers for more impactful SBCC interventions that could tie into existing norms.

Conclusions
BIS methodology, as an adaptive ethnographic approach, provides valuable insights that enhance the findings from surveys and focus groups, specifically in the context of NTD prevention. Contextual categorisation of relevant daily behaviours is key to developing culturally appropriate SBCC and in determining whether such intervention needs to be in alignment with everyday routines and attitudes, or in disruption of them.
Berberine inhibits tumour growth in vivo and in vitro through suppressing the lincROR-Wnt/β-catenin regulatory axis in colorectal cancer
Authors: Li Shi-ying , Shi Chuan-jian , Fu Wei-ming , Zhang Jin-fang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Berberine, a non-prescription medicine clinically applied for diarrhoea and gastroenteritis. Recent studies have demonstrated that it possesses anti-tumour properties in colorectal cancer, but the exact molecular mechanism remains obscure.

Objectives
To elucidate the underly molecular mechanisms of berberine in colorectal cancer from a perspective of epigenetics, and tried to explore the role of lincROR-Wnt/β-catenin molecular axis in the berberine induced the anti-tumour activity in colorectal cancer.

Methods
The effects of berberine on cell growth, cell cycle and apoptosis were examined in CRC cells. The in vivo effect of berberine on tumour growth was investigated using a xenograft mice model. Moreover, lincROR and Wnt/β-catenin signalling were detected by luciferase activity, qRT-PCR and western blotting assays.

Key findings
Berberine suppressed cell growth in vitro via inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in CRC cell, and inhibited tumourigenesis in vivo. LincROR was significantly down-regulated by berberine, inducing the inactivation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signalling, meanwhile, the overexpression of lincROR partially reversed the suppressive effects on tumour growth and Wnt/β-catenin signalling induced by berberine.

Conclusions
Berberine inhibits tumour growth partially via regulating the lincROR-Wnt/β-catenin regulatory axis, which provides a strategy for the design of anti-tumour drugs for CRC patients after our advanced validation.
Spinal fusion surgery - the need to follow the ‘BRAN’ toolkit (benefits, risks, alternatives, nothing): a case report
Authors: Ampat George , George Jemima S , Clynch Abigail L , Sims Jonathan M G 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Failed back surgery syndrome is defined as increased or persistent pain following spinal surgery. Despite a relatively high incidence of failed back surgery syndrome (20%), patients may not be counselled regarding this complication pre-operatively. The Academy of Medical Royal Colleges has provided the Benefits, Risks, Alternatives and doing Nothing Toolkit to guide clinical discussions during the consent process. A 46-year-old female experiencing chronic lower back pain since 2003 suffered an exacerbation in 2015. Imaging identified non-compressive disc bulges. She was not put through the low back pain pathway as recommended by NICE and underwent spinal fusion in 2017. She continues to experience severe pain 54 months postsurgery. When considering spinal surgery, the risk of failed back surgery syndrome should be discussed with patients. Both clinicians and patients can use the BRAN toolkit to ensure open and transparent discussion prior to any intervention.
Shock-induced transformation of non-magnetic to magnetic ISM dust analogue
Authors: Roy Arijit , Singh Surendra V , Meka J K , Ramachandran R , Sahu D , Gautam A , Vijay T , Vishakantaiah Jayaram , Janardhan P , Rajasekhar B N , Bhardwaj Anil , Mason N J , Sivaraman B 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
The fate of organometallic dust subjected to extreme conditions, especially the shock fronts, in the interstellar medium (ISM) has not been explored to date. Iron and cyclopentadiene, which have been found to be present in the ISM, are known to react and produce the organometallic compound ferrocene under terrestrial conditions. In our experiment we subjected ferrocene, a possible proxy of such dust, to ∼5.6 Mach (M) shock commensurate with conditions encountered in the ISM, leading to a temperature rise up to 7300 K within 2 ms. Analysis of the post-shock residue showed the presence of a α-Fe and Fe3C composite that responded to an external magnetic field. These results show that a non-magnetic dust composed of molecules containing transition metals undergoing shock processing in the ISM can dissociate and synthesize dust that is then magnetic. Such drastic transformations from non-magnetic to magnetic dust induced by shocks might be of importance in interstellar polarization.
Inferring Epistasis from Genetic Time-series Data
Authors: Sohail Muhammad Saqib , Louie Raymond H Y , Hong Zhenchen , Barton John P , McKay Matthew R 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEpistasis refers to fitness or functional effects of mutations that depend on the sequence background in which these mutations arise. Epistasis is prevalent in nature, including populations of viruses, bacteria, and cancers, and can contribute to the evolution of drug resistance and immune escape. However, it is difficult to directly estimate epistatic effects from sampled observations of a population. At present, there are very few methods that can disentangle the effects of selection (including epistasis), mutation, recombination, genetic drift, and genetic linkage in evolving populations. Here we develop a method to infer epistasis, along with the fitness effects of individual mutations, from observed evolutionary histories. Simulations show that we can accurately infer pairwise epistatic interactions provided that there is sufficient genetic diversity in the data. Our method also allows us to identify which fitness parameters can be reliably inferred from a particular data set and which ones are unidentifiable. Our approach therefore allows for the inference of more complex models of selection from time-series genetic data, while also quantifying uncertainty in the inferred parameters.
Long-term outcomes in COVID-19 patients who recovered from the first wave of the pandemic
Authors: Cui Dan , Chen Simiao , Feng Luzhao , Jia Mengmeng , Wang Yeming , Xiao Weijun , Sun Yanxia , Huang Qiangru , Ma Libing , Leng Zhiwei , Wang Hao , Cao Bin , Yang Weizhong , Yang Juntao , Wang Chen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This cross-sectional study evaluated the long-term health effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Jianghan District (Wuhan, China). The results showed that 61.4% of COVID-19 patients reported at least one symptom and 8.8% had depressive symptoms at the 17-month follow-up. The proportion of patients with chest radiographic abnormalities in Fangcang shelter hospitals and designated COVID-19 hospitals was 31.6% and 41.1%, respectively, and the proportion of patients with impaired pulmonary diffusion capacity in these hospitals was 52.8% and 60.9%, respectively. Female sex (odds ratio [OR] = 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16–1.88), severe disease (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.01–2.10) and a higher number of initial symptoms (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.23–1.40) were associated with the development of sequelae symptoms at 17 months. This study involving community-dwelling COVID-19 adults may help determine the long-term effects of COVID-19 during the first pandemic wave. Nonetheless, larger follow-up studies are needed to characterize the post-COVID-19 condition.
Invasive Bordetella pertussis Infection in Infants: A Case Report
Authors: Liao Yang , Li Wei-ran , Zhu Yu , Luo Shuang-hong , Liao Qiong , Wan Chao-min 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Infants are more likely to develop severe pertussis. We report a malignant pertussis case in a 2-month-old boy with respiratory failure, severe pneumonia, septic shock, and encephalopathy. Bordetella pertussis was detected from nasopharyngeal secretions by polymerase chain reaction, as well as both blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples via metagenomics next-generation sequencing.
Prediction of Symptomatic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection by Quantitative Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction Normalized to International Units
Authors: Hijano Diego R , Gu Zhengming , Brazelton Jessica , Zhu Haiqing , Suganda Sri , Glasgow Heather L , Darji Himani , Tang Li , Fabrizio Thomas P , Allison Kim J , Allen E Kaitlynn ,   SJTRC Study Team, Estepp Jeremie H , McGargill Maureen A , Mori Motomi , Schultz-Cherry Stacey , Hakim Hana , Tuomanen Elaine I , Gaur Aditya H , Wolf Joshua , Thomas Paul G , Webby Richard J , Hayden Randall T 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Although numerous studies have evaluated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection using cycle threshold (Ct) values as a surrogate of viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) load, few studies have used standardized, quantitative methods. We validated a quantitative SARS-CoV-2 digital polymerase chain reaction assay normalized to World Health Organization International Units and correlated viral RNA load with symptoms and disease severity.
The Perils and Promises of Disability Biography
Authors: Nielsen Kim E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Biographical scholarship provides a means by which to understand the past. Disability biography writes disabled people into historical narratives and cultural discourses, acknowledging power, action, and consequence. Disability biography also analyzes the role of ableism in shaping relationships, systems of power, and societal ideals. When written with skilled storytelling, rigorous study, nuance, and insight, disability biography enriches analyses of people living in the past. Disability biography makes clear the multiple ways by which individuals and communities labor, make kinship, persevere, and both resist and create social change. When using a disability analysis, biographies of disabled people (particularly people famous for their disability, such as Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Helen Keller) reveal the relationality and historically embedded nature of disability. In an ableist world, such acts can be revolutionary.
Disability and Work in South Asia and the United Kingdom
Authors: Buckingham Jane 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Historical analyses, as well as more contemporary examples of disability and work, show that the experience of disability is always culturally and historically mediated, but that class—in the sense of economic status—plays a major role in the way impairment is experienced as disabling. Although there is little published on disability history in India, the history of the Indian experience of caste disability demonstrates the centrality of work in the social and economic expression of stigma and marginalization. An Indian perspective supports the challenge to the dominant Western view that modern concepts of disability have their origins in the Industrial Revolution. Linkage between disability, incapacity to work, and low socioeconomic status are evident in India, which did not undergo the workplace changes associated with industrialization in the West.