bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
136 Small Diameter Penile Implants: A Survey on Current Utilization and Review of Literature
Authors: Campbell S , Kim C , Allkanjari A , Nose B , Selph JP , Lentz A 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The small diameter penile implant (SDPI) is a modified IPP with a smaller diameter cylinder utilized in cases of anatomically small corpora or severe corporal fibrosis. SDPIs allow for patients to obtain useable erections, sometimes with the intent to upsize in the future. There is a dearth of literature on the optimal clinical scenarios for utilization of SDPIs, volume of SDPIs placed nationwide, and patient satisfaction results.

Objective
Our aim is to identify current usage patterns and perceived patient satisfaction of SDPIs among urologic prosthetic surgeons.

Methods
A 23-question online survey was distributed via email to physician members of the Sexual Medicine Society of North America (SMSNA) and Society of Urologic Prosthesis Surgeons (SUPS). The survey included questions regarding surgeon experience and volume, frequency of SDPI utilization, indications for SDPI, surgical strategy in the setting of SDPI (approach, use of concordant modeling/grafting), reservoir and pump management, and perceived infection risk and patient satisfaction.

Results
50 individuals responded to the survey, 48 of whom routinely utilized SDPIs. The most common indication for SDPI placement was corporal fibrosis from prior infection, followed by anatomically small corpora and priapism. The most common maximal dilation diameter was 10 mm (47%), with an additional 23% of respondents utilizing SDPI with 11 mm dilation. 75.4% of respondents sometimes or always intended to upsize to standard diameter cylinders in the future. 68.8% of surgeons routinely counseled patients on the possibility of reduced girth and rigidity with SDPI. Patient satisfaction was perceived to be comparable to standard diameter cylinders in 56.3% of respondents, while the remaining 43.6% believed it to be lower than traditional cylinders.

Conclusions
SDPI are utilized by prosthetic surgeons in a variety of clinical situations and are frequently effective. Future research is needed to better characterize patient satisfaction and define which patients are best suited for SDPI.

Disclosure
Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: Coloplast and Boston Scientific
146 What´s Up With Our Patients 3 Years After Finishing Penile Rehabilitation Study Programs and 5 Years After nsRP?
Authors: Bannowsky A , Osmonov D , Maerker V , Ueckert S 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Several strategies are published for postoperative erectile function rehabilitation after nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy (nsRP).

Objective
The aim of our study was to evaluate the use of any ED-treatment or the adherence to study protocol medication 3 years after the end of the initiated rehabilitation program.

Methods
124 patients (mean age 69 years) from 3 different rehabilitation studies after nsRP with a regular dose of different PDE5-inhibitors (sildenafil/vardenafil/tadalafil) were enrolled for this evaluation. The regular initial follow-up of all of the 3 studies was 24 months. We performed a questionnaire sent to all enrolled patients of these studies 3 years after the end of the study / 5 years after nsRP. The survey consists of different questions, e.g. if and what kind of ED-treatment the patients still use. Further questions dealt with the reasons to end the study medication or switch to any other treatment.

Results
91 patients (73.4%) completed and returned the questionnaire. 51 patients (56%) had stopped medical ED-treatment therapy completely at the time of the survey because of different reasons (completely restored erectile function without any medication 12%, subsequent ineffectiveness of the medication 8.8%, progressive disease of prostate cancer 7.7%, subsequent comorbidities 27.5%). From the remaining 48 patients only 21 patients (23%) still using only PDE5-inhibitors (daily or on demand). 16 patients (17.5%) using penile injection therapy, 3 patients MUSE (3.2%) and 8 patients VCD (with/without PDE5-inhibitors) (8.8%).

Conclusions
5 years after nsRP / 3 years after the end of the different rehabilitation studies most of the patients (56%) do not use any ED-medication anymore due to different reasons. Only 12% of the patients after being enrolled in rehabilitation programs for 24 months are still reporting a restored erectile function 5 years after nsRP without any medication.

Disclosure
No
Workplace ostracism and team members' creativity: The mediating role of self-reflection and moderating role of high-involvement work practices
Authors: Wang Zhining , Guan Chunjie , Ren Shuang , Cai Shaohan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDrawing on social cognitive theory, this paper examines whether self-reflection mediates the association between workplace ostracism and team members' creativity, and whether this mediating effect is moderated by high-involvement work practices (HIWPs). We construct and test a cross-level model using multilevel path analysis to analyse data collected from 81 teams (a total of 393 members) in China. The results show that workplace ostracism negatively influences team members' reflection but positively influences rumination, which in turn affects individual creativity. Furthermore, HIWPs negatively moderate the effects of workplace ostracism on self-reflection, and moderate the linkages among workplace ostracism, reflection/rumination and team members' creativity. Finally, theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Analyzing institutional changes in community-based management: a case study of a participatory guarantee system for organic labeling in Brazil
Authors: Lemeilleur Sylvaine , Dorville Claire , Niederle Paulo , Ilbert Hélène 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe literature on collective action has poorly addressed processes of incremental institutional changes within organizations. This paper helps fill this gap by shedding light on how the community-based management of an organic label has changed following its formal recognition as a ‘participatory guarantee system’ (PGS). Ostrom and Basurto's (2011) analytical tool is useful to describe the changes in collective rules to address collective action problems that take place in standard-setting and labeling activities. Using original data collected from the Ecovida Agroecology Network – the oldest and largest PGS in Brazil –, we study the multi-scale changes in governance rules from the 1970s until today. We pay particular attention to the links between the institutional consolidation of PGS, its recognition by public authorities, and its adaptation to legal rules. We detail analytical operators indicating whether the introduction of the PGS rules at the national level was bottom-up or top-down. Our findings emphasize how local communities have been able to both adapt their governance system in response to the official arrangements concerning organic regulations, and influence national public arenas where these arrangements are defined. This form of co-management has been accompanied by a significant increase in the number of PGS-certified farmers.
Cessation of Hardground Accretion by the Cold‐Water Coralline Algae Clathromorphum Compactum and Clathromorphum Nereostratum Predicted Within Two Centuries
Authors: Westfield Isaac , Gunnell John , Rasher Douglas B. , Williams Branwen , Ries Justin B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOcean acidification and warming are expected to disproportionately affect high‐latitude calcifying species, such as crustose coralline algae. Clathromorphum nereostratum and Clathromorphum compactum are the primary builders of carbonate‐hardgrounds in the Aleutians Islands of Alaska and North Atlantic shelf, respectively, providing habitat and settlement substrates for a large number of species. We exposed wild‐collected specimens to 12 pCO2/T treatments (344–3322 μatm; 6.38–12.40°C) for 4 months in a factorially crossed, replicated laboratory experiment. Impacts of pCO2/T on algal calcification were quantified from linear extension and buoyant weight. Here we show that, despite belonging to the same genus, C. nereostratum exhibited greater sensitivity to thermal stress, while C. compactum exhibited greater sensitivity to pH stress. Furthermore, multivariate models of algal calcification derived from the experiment indicate that both C. nereostratum and C. compactum will commence net dissolution as early as 2120 and 2200 AD, respectively. Our results therefore indicate that near‐term climate change may lead to substantial degradation of these species and loss of the critical hardground habitats that they form.
Cloud Morphology Evolution in Arctic Cold‐Air Outbreak: Two Cases During COMBLE Period
Authors: Wu Peng , Ovchinnikov Mikhail 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCloud feedbacks play an important role in Arctic warming. Cloud morphology, for example, cloud size and spatial distributions, is among key factors that directly impact their radiative effects. In this work, we use two cases observed during the Cold‐air Outbreak (CAO) in the Marine Boundary Layer Experiment (COMBLE) to study the evolution of cloud size distributions as an air mass is advected from the Arctic over a comparatively warm ocean and cloud mesoscale organization changes from rolls to cells. Cloud objects are identified from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) reflectance images through an object segmentation procedure and roll breakup is identified by homogeneities in cloud water path (CWP). Roll breakup is found to be accompanied by a local minimum in wind shear and local maxima in cloud size and marine cold air outbreak index. The mean cloud horizontal aspect ratio has weak fetch dependency and is around 2 in roll, transition, and cell regimes. Regardless of distance from the ice edge, smaller clouds (<10 km2) dominate the population number but not cloud cover. Cloud size distributions show bimodality in transition and cell regimes. For clouds with comparable sizes, mean nearest neighbor distances normalized by equivalent cloud radius converge to a single value for all regimes and for all but the smallest clouds, suggesting that clouds of comparable sizes in CAOs are separated by distance proportional to their sizes. The presented statistical results pave the way to evaluating model simulated cloud organizations during CAO events.
Influence of Monsoon Climate on Chemical Weathering of Granitic Regoliths
Authors: Mao Hai‐Ruo , Cui Li‐Feng , Zhang Zhuo‐Jun , Xu Sheng , Liu Cong‐Qiang , Zhao Zhi‐Qi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChemical weathering of silicates is a key process regulating global climate and biogeochemical cycles. However, little consensus has emerged on whether and how climate controls the chemical weathering of regolith. We present data on climate, geochemistry, and denudation rates of six low‐gradient granitic regoliths in the summer monsoon region. We used the time‐integrated Na loss rate (QNa) and chemical depletion fraction (CDF) to indicate plagioclase weathering and total weathering, respectively. Most profiles are primarily influenced by supply‐limited weathering (i.e., tectonic control on weathering), while the weak insignificant correlations between CDF or QNa and erosion rates or slopes suggest that tectonics and topography did not have the major control on weathering. In contrast, annual mean temperature (MAT) and annual mean water availability (MAP‐MAPET) strongly regulate weathering (QNa and CDF) exponentially, likely because of the approximately synergistic effects of temperature and water availability in the monsoon climate. The total sufficient monthly mean temperature (MMT) and monthly mean water availability (MMP‐MMPET) are utilized to further evaluate the relative influence of climate on CDF and QNa. The results suggest that total MMT and MMP‐MMPET both strongly influence CDF exponentially and linearly, respectively. However, total MMT and MMP‐MMPET show significant exponential correlations with QNa. The different effects of water availability imply that total weathering responding to variations in water availability is probably less sensitive than plagioclase weathering. The influence of climate on weathering on a large scale through MAT and MAP needs to be interpreted with caution due to the seasonal discrepancy of temperature and water availability.
Future Amplification of Sea Surface Temperature Seasonality Due To Enhanced Ocean Stratification
Authors: Jo Anila Rani , Lee June‐Yi , Timmermann Axel , Jin Fei‐Fei , Yamaguchi Ryohei , Gallego Angeles 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn many regions the projected future sea surface temperature (SST) response to greenhouse warming is larger in summer than in winter. What causes this amplification of the SST seasonal cycle has remained unclear. To determine robustness of the projected seasonal cycle intensification and ascertain underlying physical mechanisms we analyze a suite of historical and greenhouse warming simulations conducted with 13 coupled general circulation models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5. In the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 scenario, the amplitude of SST seasonal cycle, defined as the difference between climatological maximum and minimum temperature, increases by 30% ± 20% on average by the end of 21st century. Analysis of a simplified mixed layer heat budget demonstrates that the amplification can be attributed to the increasing upper ocean stratification and hence shoaling of the annual‐mean mixed layer. The projected intensification of SST seasonality may have important implications for future changes in marine ecosystems.
Multiple Reconnection X‐Lines at the Magnetopause and Overlapping Cusp Ion Injections
Authors: Fuselier S. A. , Kletzing C. A. , Petrinec S. M. , Trattner K. J. , George D. , Bounds S. R. , Sawyer R. P. , Bonnell J. W. , Burch J. L. , Giles B. L. , Strangeway R. J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMagnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) observations during an extended crossing of the Earth's dayside magnetopause show evidence of multiple reconnections at the boundary. This crossing occurred when the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) was southward and had a significant BY component. Approximately 2 hr after this crossing, the Twin Rocket Investigation of Cusp Electrodynamics‐2 rockets were launched into the northern hemisphere cusp and observed overlapping cusp ion injections. These overlapping injections are also evidence of multiple reconnections at the magnetopause. Observations more than 2 hr apart do not constitute conjunction between the spacecraft and the rockets. However, the IMF conditions during the magnetopause crossing and the cusp traversal were very similar. Therefore, had the magnetopause crossings and cusp traversals occurred at the same time, the observations would have been similar. Thus, these two events illustrate the link between multiple reconnections at the magnetopause and overlapping cusp ion injections.
Developmental programming of hypothalamic melanocortin circuits
Authors: Bouret Sebastien G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe melanocortin system plays a critical role in the central regulation of food intake and energy balance. This system consists of neurons producing pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), melanocortin receptors (MC4Rs), and the endogenous antagonist agouti-related peptide (AgRP).PomcandMc4rdeficiency in rodents and humans causes early onset of obesity, whereas a loss ofAgrpfunction is associated with leanness. Accumulating evidence shows that many chronic diseases, including obesity, might originate during early life. The melanocortin system develops during a relatively long period beginning during embryonic life with the birth of POMC and AgRP neurons and continuing postnatally with the assembly of their neuronal circuitry. The development of the melanocortin system requires the tight temporal regulation of molecular factors, such as transcription factors and axon guidance molecules, and cellular mechanisms, such as autophagy. It also involves a complex interplay of endocrine and nutritional factors. The disruption of one or more of these developmental factors can lead to abnormal maturation and function of the melanocortin system and has profound metabolic consequences later in life.
Autonomic control of energy balance and glucose homeostasis
Authors: Hyun Uisu , Sohn Jong-Woo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNeurons in the central nervous system (CNS) communicate with peripheral organs largely via the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Through such communications, the sympathetic and parasympathetic efferent divisions of the ANS may affect thermogenesis and blood glucose levels. In contrast, peripheral organs send feedback to the CNS via hormones and autonomic afferent nerves. These humoral and neural feedbacks, as well as neural commands from higher brain centers directly or indirectly shape the metabolic function of autonomic neurons. Notably, recent developments in mouse genetics have enabled more detailed studies of ANS neurons and circuits, which have helped elucidate autonomic control of metabolism. Here, we will summarize the functional organization of the ANS and discuss recent updates on the roles of neural and humoral factors in the regulation of energy balance and glucose homeostasis by the ANS.
A periplasmic cinched protein is required for siderophore secretion and virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Zhang Lei , Kent James E. , Whitaker Meredith , Young David C. , Herrmann Dominik , Aleshin Alexander E. , Ko Ying-Hui , Cingolani Gino , Saad Jamil S. , Moody D. Branch , Marassi Francesca M. , Ehrt Sabine , Niederweis Michael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIron is essential for growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis. To acquire iron from the host, M. tuberculosis uses the siderophores called mycobactins and carboxymycobactins. Here, we show that the rv0455c gene is essential for M. tuberculosis to grow in low-iron medium and that secretion of both mycobactins and carboxymycobactins is drastically reduced in the rv0455c deletion mutant. Both water-soluble and membrane-anchored Rv0455c are functional in siderophore secretion, supporting an intracellular role. Lack of Rv0455c results in siderophore toxicity, a phenotype observed for other siderophore secretion mutants, and severely impairs replication of M. tuberculosis in mice, demonstrating the importance of Rv0455c and siderophore secretion during disease. The crystal structure of a Rv0455c homolog reveals a novel protein fold consisting of a helical bundle with a ‘cinch’ formed by an essential intramolecular disulfide bond. These findings advance our understanding of the distinct M. tuberculosis siderophore secretion system.
Microrobot collectives with reconfigurable morphologies, behaviors, and functions
Authors: Gardi Gaurav , Ceron Steven , Wang Wendong , Petersen Kirstin , Sitti Metin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMobile microrobots, which can navigate, sense, and interact with their environment, could potentially revolutionize biomedicine and environmental remediation. Many self-organizing microrobotic collectives have been developed to overcome inherent limits in actuation, sensing, and manipulation of individual microrobots; however, reconfigurable collectives with robust transitions between behaviors are rare. Such systems that perform multiple functions are advantageous to operate in complex environments. Here, we present a versatile microrobotic collective system capable of on-demand reconfiguration to adapt to and utilize their environments to perform various functions at the air–water interface. Our system exhibits diverse modes ranging from isotropic to anisotrpic behaviors and transitions between a globally driven and a novel self-propelling behavior. We show the transition between different modes in experiments and simulations, and demonstrate various functions, using the reconfigurability of our system to navigate, explore, and interact with the environment. Such versatile microrobot collectives with globally driven and self-propelled behaviors have great potential in future medical and environmental applications.
High-mobility semiconducting polymers with different spin ground states
Authors: Chen Xiao-Xiang , Li Jia-Tong , Fang Yu-Hui , Deng Xin-Yu , Wang Xue-Qing , Liu Guangchao , Wang Yunfei , Gu Xiaodan , Jiang Shang-Da , Lei Ting 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOrganic semiconductors with high-spin ground states are fascinating because they could enable fundamental understanding on the spin-related phenomenon in light element and provide opportunities for organic magnetic and quantum materials. Although high-spin ground states have been observed in some quinoidal type small molecules or doped organic semiconductors, semiconducting polymers with high-spin at their neutral ground state are rarely reported. Here we report three high-mobility semiconducting polymers with different spin ground states. We show that polymer building blocks with small singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔES-T) could enable small ΔES-T gap and increase the diradical character in copolymers. We demonstrate that the electronic structure, spin density, and solid-state interchain interactions in the high-spin polymers are crucial for their ground states. Polymers with a triplet ground state (S = 1) could exhibit doublet (S = 1/2) behavior due to different spin distributions and solid-state interchain spin-spin interactions. Besides, these polymers showed outstanding charge transport properties with high hole/electron mobilities and can be both n- and p-doped with superior conductivities. Our results demonstrate a rational approach to obtain high-mobility semiconducting polymers with different spin ground states.
Evolution of metamemory based on self-reference to own memory in artificial neural network with neuromodulation
Authors: Yamato Yusuke , Suzuki Reiji , Arita Takaya 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe ability of humans to self-monitor and control their memory processes is called metamemory and has been widely studied as a component of metacognition in cognitive psychology. Metamemory in non-human animals has also been investigated in recent years, although it had been regarded as a truly unique characteristic of human memory. We attempt to evolve artificial neural networks with neuromodulation, which have a metamemory function. Our constructive approach is expected to contribute, by introducing a novel dimension of evolutionary plausibility, to the discussion of animal experiments to detect metamemory. In this study, we demonstrate the evolution of neural networks that have a metamemory function based on the self-reference of memory, including the analysis of the evolved mechanism of metamemory. In addition, we discuss the similarity between the structure of the evolved neural network and the metamemory model defined by Nelson and Narens.