bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Future Directions
Authors: Coffey J. Calvin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecent findings related to the mesentery clarified the organisation of the abdomen at the foundational level. The Mesenteric-based model of abdominal anatomy articlulates a foundation that re-unites scientific and clinical approaches to the abdomen in health and disease. Importantly, recent advances are a reminder that we must always question dogma. The peritoneal-based dogma of conventional anatomy remained unquestioned for too long. With time, the mesenteric-based dogma will also be altered and improved on. Anatomy, and hence surgery, must always be considered as works in progress.
German Heart Surgery Report 2021: The Annual Updated Registry of the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Authors: Beckmann Andreas , Meyer Renate , Lewandowski Jana , Markewitz Andreas , Blaßfeld Daniela , Böning Andreas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBased on a longtime voluntary registry, founded by the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (GSTCVS) in 1980, well-defined data of all cardiac, thoracic and vascular surgery procedures performed in 78 German heart surgery departments during the year 2021 are analyzed. Under more than extraordinary conditions of the further ongoing worldwide coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a total of 161,261 procedures were submitted to the registry. In total, 92,838 of these operations are summarized as heart surgery procedures in a classical sense. The unadjusted in-hospital survival rate for the 27,947 isolated coronary artery bypass grafting procedures (relationship on-/off-pump 3.2:1) was 97.3%. For the 36,714 isolated heart valve procedures (19,242 transcatheter interventions included) it was 96.7 and 99.0% for the registered pacemaker and International Classification of Diseases (ICD) procedures (19,490), respectively. Concerning short- and long-term circulatory support, a total of 3,404 ECLS/ECMO implantations and 750 assist device implantations (L-/ R-/ BVAD, TAH), respectively were registered. In 2021 329 isolated heart transplantations, 254 isolated lung transplantations, and one combined heart–lung transplantations were performed.This annually updated registry of the GSTCVS represents voluntary public reporting by accumulating actual information for nearly all heart surgical procedures in Germany, constitutes advancements in heart medicine and represents a basis for quality management for all participating institutions. In addition, the registry demonstrates that the provision of cardiac surgery in Germany is up to date, appropriate, and nationwide patient treatment is guaranteed all the time.
The physiological cargo adaptor of kinesin-2 functions as an evolutionary conserved lockpick
Authors: Cleetus Augustine , Merck Georg , Mueller-Planitz Felix , Ökten Zeynep 
Published: August 2022

Specific recognition of cellular cargo and efficient transport to its correct intracellular destination is an infrastructural challenge faced by most eukaryotic cells. This remarkable deed is accomplished by processive motor proteins that are subject to robust regulatory mechanisms. The first level of regulation entails the ability of the motor to suppress its own activity. This autoinhibition is eventually relieved by specific cargo binding. To better understand the role of the cargo during motor activation, we dissected the activation mechanism of the ciliary homodimeric kinesin-2 from
Caenorhabditis elegans
by its physiological cargo. In functional reconstitution assays, we identified two cargo adaptor proteins that together are necessary and sufficient to allosterically activate the autoinhibited motor. Surprisingly, the orthologous adaptor proteins from the unicellular green algae
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
also fully activated the kinesin-2 from worm, even though
C. reinhardtii
itself lacks a homodimeric kinesin-2 motor. The latter suggested that a motor activation mechanism similar to the
C. elegans
model existed already well before metazoans evolved, and prompted us to scrutinize predicted homodimeric kinesin-2 orthologs in other evolutionarily distant eukaryotes. We show that the ciliate
Tetrahymena thermophila
not only possesses a homodimeric kinesin-2 but that it also shares the same allosteric activation mechanism that we delineated in the
C. elegans
model. Our results point to a much more fundamental role of homodimeric kinesin-2 in intraflagellar transport (IFT) than previously thought and warrant further scrutiny of distantly related organisms toward a comprehensive picture of the IFT process and its evolution.
“He’s a lawyer you know and all of that”
Authors: Olayinka Unuabonah Foluke , Oyebola Folajimi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study examines the use of general extenders in Nigerian English, from a variational corpus-pragmatic framework, with British English as a reference variety. The data are extracted from the Nigerian and British components of theInternational Corpus of English. The results reveal that Nigerian English has patterns of use of general extenders that differ systematically from British English. Overall, Nigerian English users employ general extenders less frequently than British English users, as a result of a low preference for disjunctive extenders; there are no significant differences in the frequency of adjunctive and other general extenders between Nigerian and British English users. The study also identifies variants of general extenders unique to Nigerian English such asand all that one, andand other things (like that). In all, the results indicate that register and regional differences play important roles in determining general extender usage among English users.
Excision of selectable marker genes from transgenic plants by site-specific DNA recombination
Authors: Sun JiaQiang Sun JiaQiang , Zuo JianRu Zuo JianRu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Current genetic transformation methods have relatively low efficiencies, e.g. in the successful model species
Arabidopsis thaliana
, the transformation efficiency is in the range 0.05 to 5%. This requires the use of selectable markers to identify the transformants among the untransformed cells. As many of the most efficient selectable markers are antibiotic and herbicide resistance genes, which have perceived biosafety concerns, the development of marker-free GM products is likely to be advantageous for public acceptance and compliance with regulatory requirements. To date, three approaches have been employed to generate marker-free transgenic plants. One approach involves removal of a selectable marker gene from transgenic plants (marker removal). A second method is to overexpress specific genes that are capable of promoting transgenic plant regeneration thus allowing their preferential regeneration compared with untransformed plants (marker-free transformation). The third method was developed from a combination of these two methods. This review highlights recent advances in the development of site-specific DNA recombinase-based systems for marker removal. A simple system consists of a site-specific DNA recombinase (e.g. Cre, Flp or R) and its corresponding recognition sites (
lox
,
FRT
or
RS
, respectively). The recombinase specifically recognizes its target site, cleaves the double-stranded DNA and then specifically rejoins certain double DNA ends to complete the entire recombination process. Most of the current marker excision methods are based on this type of site-specific DNA recombination system.
Agricultural biotechnology in the Caribbean
Authors: Mitchell S. A. , Ahmad M. H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Caribbean is a region of the world that appears to be a group of islands, not attached to anywhere else and perfect for a holiday. Alongside the tourists, however, are a growing list of scientists and organizations busy about the task of agricultural biotechnology. From Mexico to Cuba, from Trinidad and Tobago to Guyana, things are happening. The Caribbean Region is comprised of the island states in the Caribbean Sea, and adjoining coastal countries. There are many relevant organizations and networks in the region including the University of the West Indies (www.uwicentre.edu.jm/), IICA, the International Institute for Co-operation in Agriculture (www.iica.int/home.asp), the Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development Institution, CARDI (www.cardi.org), PROCICARIBE, the Caribbean Agricultural Science and Technology Networking System, (www.procicaribe.org/), the Caribbean Biotechnology Network Project (www.cafpro.org/cbnp.htm), the Multinational Biotechnology Information System (SIMBIOSIS www.bdt.org.br/bdt/simbiosis), REDBIO Technical Co-operation Network on Plant Biotechnology in Latin America and the Caribbean (REDBIO/FAO) , the United Nations University BIOLAC or Biotechnology for Latin America and the Caribbean (www.biolac.unu.edu/English/homenglish.htm), even a Pan American Marine Biotechnology Association (www.pamba.org). There is also a regional Biotechnology on-line publication maintained by REDBIO, (www.ejbiotechnology.info/) and a newsletter, SPORE published by the Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Co-operation (CTA, www.cta.nl). From all of these networks a connectivity of scientists and research is emerging, which is slowly revolutionising these islands away from just sugar into many other crops. This article highlights many of these biotechnologies and points the way forward for this region.
Diseases of mithun (
Bos frontalis
) - a review.
Authors: Rajkhowa S. , Rajkhowa C. , Bujarbaruah K. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

The present review is based on published and unpublished documents available on various diseases of mithuns as reported by several workers throughout the world. The diseases have been categorized into two main groups: specific diseases and non-specific diseases. Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) appears to be a very common viral disease of mithuns and they are comparatively more susceptible to FMD than other livestock species. Other viral diseases reported in mithuns include malignant catarrhal fever and rinderpest. Bacterial diseases recorded in mithuns by various workers include Johne's disease (paratuberculosis;
Mycobacterium avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
infection), bronchopneumonia caused by
Pseudomonas
spp., black quarter (
Clostridium chauvoei
infection), anthrax and brucellosis. Various gastrointestinal nematodes as well as coccidian parasites have also been observed in mithuns and the comparative efficacy of different anthelmintics is discussed. There are few reports on haemoprotozoan diseases of mithuns like babesiosis. Data on other haemoprotozoan diseases like theileriasis in related species of animals are discussed in detail, while reports related to ectoparasites, hypovitaminosis A and other non-specific diseases like brain abscesses, wounds and corneal opacity are briefly covered.
Role of acid-base disturbances in perinatal mortality of calves: a review
Authors: Szenci O. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

At present, the main emphasis is on preventing asphyxia, since instruments suitable for artificial respiration in calves under practical conditions are not yet widely available. The most important breeding objective is to reduce the number of births in which calving assistance is required. This is even more important, since calving assistance in itself may result in a shift of the calf's acid-base balance. In cases of difficult calving, the mode and time of calving assistance should be chosen with regard to profitability factors and in a manner to allow the least possible shift of the calf's acid-base balance towards acidosis. Before applying traction, the measurements of the soft birth canal should always be considered and if necessary must be expanded non-surgically or surgically, and obstetrical lubricants should be used to avoid traction for longer than 2 to 3 minutes. If a prolonged traction is expected, a caesarean section should be carried out to save the calf and to prevent injuries to the maternal birth canal. Recent studies have shown that before making a decision as to the mode of calving assistance applied in an animal hospital, the results of acid-base balance determinations from blood samples should be considered. The routine use of complex treatments of calves born with severe asphyxia may reduce postnatal calf losses. In addition to adequate therapy, particular attention should be paid to the ingestion of sufficient amounts of colostrum, since the lack of colostrum uptake is accompanied by increased susceptibility to
Escherichia coli
infections.
Edible vaccines: alternatives to conventional immunization.
Authors: Rowlandson K. , Tackaberry E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Increased numbers of new pathogenic infections and the development of antibiotic resistance to many old pathogens have forced us to focus on prevention, rather than treatment, of infectious diseases. Widespread vaccination has therefore become a major target for many countries. However, numerous countries do not have adequate access to vaccines that are regularly administered in developed countries. As well, there are many pathogens to which there are currently no vaccines available. One of the many new technologies/approaches for addressing these needs is the production of subunit vaccines in transgenic, edible plants, which enable oral vaccine delivery. A variety of plants have now been used as hosts for vaccines, still at the experimental stage, including tobacco, potatoes, carrots, rice, and tomatoes. The main goal of an oral vaccine is the induction of a mucosal immune response and a subsequent systemic immune response. By stimulating a strong mucosal immune response, edible vaccines may provide effective immunity against pathogens that invade both mucosal and systemic sites. Immunization studies with plant-derived subunit vaccines have demonstrated that plants are able to produce recombinant proteins that retain antigenic and immunogenic properties. Although many issues and concerns still remain regarding the safety and efficacy of edible vaccines in humans, current data indicate that edible vaccines are indeed a promising option for the future.
Semen collection in catfish species, with particular emphasis on the African catfish.
Authors: Viveiros A. T. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

This minireview describes the current knowledge on semen collection in captive male catfish. It is well known that when some catfish species, such as the African catfish (
Clarias gariepinus
and
Heterobranchus longifilis
), channel catfish (
Ictalurus punctatus
), blue catfish (
I. furcatus
), Asian catfish (
C. macrocephalus
), and Indian catfish (
Heteropneustes fossilis
) are kept in captivity, hand-stripping of semen is impossible. To reproduce these species artificially, males are sacrificed and intratesticular semen is spread over the eggs. This is considered the major constraint in catfish culture, as both selection and genetic improvement are compromised. Different hormone treatments that either induce or mimic the prespawning gonadotropin surge have been tested with respect to their ability to induce semen release and possibly facilitate stripping of semen under abdominal massage. However, little or no success has been obtained. Recently, the effects of oxytocin on sperm transit in catfish have been tested, but the results are still not conclusive. It has been demonstrated that stripping of semen in catfish species is not possible because of an anatomical blockage. This has been observed in African catfish that have been fed on 17α-methyltestosterone (MT)-supplemented diet during larval stages and have developed without seminal vesicles but can be stripped following treatment with carp pituitary suspension (cPS). The efficiency of these hormone treatments and their ability to facilitate hand-stripping of semen in catfish species are discussed.
Immunological aspects of poult enteritis and mortality syndrome.
Authors: Heggen-Peay C. L. , Qureshi M. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Poult enteritis and mortality syndrome (PEMS) is an intestinal disease of turkeys with a complex and multifactorial aetiology. It is characterized by high morbidity, mortality, and immune dysfunction in young turkeys. One of the earliest indications that the immune system is affected during PEMS is the observation of severe lymphoid organ atrophy. Further investigation reveals functional alterations in several aspects of immunity in birds exposed to PEMS or PEMS agents, including reduced phagocytic potential of macrophages, reduced lymphoproliferative response to mitogen, and reduced antibody response. In addition, alterations in cytokine profiles and T lymphocyte subpopulations have been demonstrated in birds exposed to PEMS agents. This review describes alterations in innate, cell-mediated, and humoral immunity associated with PEMS and its associated pathogenic agents, including an astrovirus, a reovirus, and
Escherichia coli
The Old World date palm mite
Oligonychus afrasiaticus
(McGregor 1939) (Acari: Tetranychidae), a major fruit pest: biology, ecology, and management
Authors: El-Shafie Hamadttu A.F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

The date dust mite (DDM),
Oligonychus afrasiaticus
(McGregor 1939) (Acari: Tetranychidae) is an extremely serious fruit pest of date palm,
Phoenix dactylifera
L. In recent years, the mite caused economic damage and reduction of yield in may date palm-growing countries in North Africa and the Middle East. Damage loss may range between 50% and 70% and in severe infestation; it may reach 100% if not controlled. This mite has a high reproductive capacity and produces a tremendous amount of dense silken webs that reduce the efficiency of predators and hinder penetration of acaricides. Selection pressure due to frequent use of limited active ingredients encouraged the development of resistance among populations of the mite. Predatory mites from the family Phytoseiidae such as
Cydnoseius negevi
and the coccinellid ladybird beetle
Stethorus
spp. are associated with
O. afrasiaticus
in the field and may provide a potential source of biological control. The DDM is not easy to control; however, cultural, biological, and chemical measures are successfully used to limit the extent of damage in date palm plantations. This article summarizes and compiles recent advances pertaining to the mite taxonomy, biology, ecology, phenology and management. Additionally, future research prospects are also discussed.
On constraint preservation and strong hyperbolicity
Authors: Abalos J Fernando 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We use partial differential equations (PDEs) to describe physical systems. In general, these equations include evolution and constraint equations. One method used to find solutions to these equations is the free-evolution approach, which consists in obtaining the solutions of the entire system by solving only the evolution equations. Certainly, this is valid only when the chosen initial data satisfies the constraints and the constraints are preserved in the evolution. In this paper, we establish the sufficient conditions required for the PDEs of the system to guarantee the constraint preservation. This is achieved by considering quasi-linear first-order PDEs, assuming the sufficient condition and deriving strongly hyperbolic first-order partial differential evolution equations for the constraints. We show that, in general, these constraint evolution equations correspond to a family of equations parametrized by a set of free parameters. We also explain how these parameters fix the propagation velocities of the constraints. As application examples of this framework, we study the constraint conservation of the Maxwell electrodynamics and the wave equations in arbitrary space–times. We conclude that the constraint evolution equations are unique in the Maxwell case and a family in the wave equation case.
An automated pipeline for scattered light noise characterization
Authors: Bianchi Stefano , Longo Alessandro , Valdes Guillermo , González Gabriela , Plastino Wolfango 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Scattered light noise (or scattering) affects the sensitivity of gravitational wave detectors in their detection frequency band. The mitigation of such nonlinear and nonstationary noise can be carried out experimentally and employing data analysis techniques, e.g., applying adaptive algorithms to the data affected by noise. We present
gwas
, a fully automated pipeline based on the time-varying filter empirical mode decomposition (tvf-EMD) algorithm, to identify, characterize, and monitor objects inducing scattering to the gravitational wave detector’s output. The tvf-EMD algorithm is suitable for decomposing signals with time-dependent frequency, such as scattering. The pipeline application to LIGO Livingston data shows that most of the scattering noise present in the third observation run was due to the penultimate mass at the end of the X-arm of the detector (EXPUM), whose motion is excited in the 0.1 Hz to 0.3 Hz frequency range (so-called microseismic band). Furthermore, we show that the pipeline can perform daily analyses, and we test it on six days of LIGO Livingston data. These analyses allowed monitoring of the onset and time evolution of scattering due to the EXPUM in connection with the variability of microseismic band noise measured at the detector site.
Stability of hydrogen molecular ion in non-ideal classical plasmas
Authors: Das Biswajit , Ghoshal Arijit 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The effects of non-ideality (NI) of plasma on the energy levels of the hydrogen molecular ion (

H

2

+

) have been investigated by computing accurate binding energies of the ion under non-ideal plasma. The screened interaction potential in the plasma has been described by a pseudopotential which is derived from a solution of Bogolyubov’s hierarchy equations by ignoring the effects of quantum degeneracy. Changes in the energy of the ground state and the first excited state along with the expectations of some important quantities associated with the ground state of

H

2

+

due to the NI of the plasma varying within a wide range have been studied in details. Special emphasis is made on the stability of the ion under varying NI of plasma. Moreover, appearance of the Borromean window and its changes with varying NI are also been discussed in details.
Online diagnosis for rolling bearings based on multi-channel convolution and transfer learning
Authors: Meng Zong , Zhao Ziqi , Zhu Bo , Fan Fengjie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In recent years, the fault diagnosis methods based on deep learning have been widely applied. In practical engineering, there are great distribution differences between the training and testing data in the network, leading to low diagnosis reliability. Transfer learning can solve such problems by learning domain invariant features. In this paper, a multi-channel convolutional online transfer network model for rolling bearing fault diagnosis is proposed. In the model, the offline stage merges the time domain and frequency domain features of the original data. A three-channel dataset is constructed as input of the network. And the domain invariant features can be learnt by fully training the offline stage network model. The online model is initialized by the parameters transferred from the offline network. The model also designs an online update strategy according to the prediction error. So that the model can adapt to new data, and finally realize the online diagnosis of the rolling bearing fault state. The validity and accuracy of the model are verified by the different laboratory measurement of rolling bearing operating datasets.