bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intermolecular and surface forces in atomic-scale manufacturing
Authors: Hou Xin , Li Jingyang , Li Yuanzhe , Tian Yu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Atomic and close-to-atomic scale manufacturing (ACSM) aims to provide techniques for manufacturing in various fields, such as circuit manufacturing, high energy physics equipment, and medical devices and materials. The realization of atomic scale material manipulation depending on the theoretical system of classical mechanics faces great challenges. Understanding and using intermolecular and surface forces are the basis for better designing of ACSM. Transformation of atoms based on scanning tunneling microscopy or atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an essential process to regulate intermolecular interactions. Self-assemble process is a thermodynamic process involving complex intermolecular forces. The competition of these interaction determines structure assembly and packing geometry. For typical nanomachining processes including AFM nanomachining and chemical mechanical polishing, the coupling of chemistry and stress (tribochemistry) assists in the removal of surface atoms. Furthermore, based on the principle of triboelectrochemistry, we expect a further reduction of the potential barrier, and a potential application in high-efficiency atoms removal and fabricating functional coating. Future fundamental research is proposed for achieving high-efficiency and high-accuracy manufacturing with the aiding of external field. This review highlights the significant contribution of intermolecular and surface forces to ACSM, and may accelerate its progress in the in-depth investigation of fundamentals.
Coincidence complex networks
Authors: da Fontoura Costa Luciano 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Complex networks, which constitute the main subject of network science, have been wide and extensively adopted for representing, characterizing, and modeling an ample range of structures and phenomena from both theoretical and applied perspectives. The present work describes the application of the real-valued Jaccard and real-valued coincidence similarity indices for translating generic datasets into networks. More specifically, two data elements are linked whenever the similarity between their respective features, gauged by some similarity index, is greater than a given threshold. Weighted networks can also be obtained by taking these indices as weights. It is shown that the two proposed real-valued approaches can lead to enhanced performance when compared to cosine and Pearson correlation approaches, yielding a detailed description of the specific patterns of connectivity between the nodes, with enhanced modularity. In addition, a parameter α is introduced that can be used to control the contribution of positive and negative joint variations between the considered features, catering for enhanced flexibility while obtaining networks. The ability of the proposed methodology to capture detailed interconnections and emphasize the modular structure of networks is illustrated and quantified respectively to real-world networks, including handwritten letters and raisin datasets, as well as the Caenorhabditis elegans neuronal network. The reported methodology and results pave the way to a significant number of theoretical and applied developments.
Processing IMU action recognition based on brain-inspired computing with microfabricated MEMS resonators
Authors: Zheng Tianyi , Yang Wuhao , Sun Jie , Liu Zhenxi , Wang Kunfeng , Zou Xudong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Reservoir computing (RC) decomposes the recurrent neural network into a fixed network with recursive connections and a trainable linear network. With the advantages of low training cost and easy hardware implementation, it provides a method for the effective processing of time-domain correlation information. In this paper, we build a hardware RC system with a nonlinear MEMS resonator and build an action recognition data set with time-domain correlation. Moreover, two different universal data set are utilized to verify the classification and prediction performance of the RC hardware system. At the same time, the feasibility of the novel data set was validated by three general machine learning approaches. Specifically, the processing of this novel time-domain correlation data set obtained a relatively high success rate. These results, together with the dataset that we build, enable the broad implementation of brain-inspired computing with microfabricated devices, and shed light on the potential for the realization of integrated perception and calculation in our future work.
Properties and processing technologies of high-entropy alloys
Authors: Yan Xuehui , Zou Yu , Zhang Yong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are emerging materials that are developed based on entropy, and draw significant attention for the potential to design their chemical disorder to bring out different structural and physical characteristics. Over the past two decades, significant salient efforts have been conducted to explore many unique and useful properties of HEAs, such as overcoming the strength–ductility trade-off, outstanding thermal stability, and excellent low temperature plasticity. Here, we review the key research topic of HEAs in the following three aspects: (a) performance advantages and composition design, (b) performance-driven HEAs and (c) fabrication process-driven HEAs. Towards their industrial applications, our article reviews a large range of methods to synthesise, fabricate and process HEAs. We also discuss the current challenges and future opportunities, mainly focusing on performance breakthroughs in HEAs.
Does one subgenome become dominant in the formation and evolution of a polyploid?
Authors: Liu Chunji , Wang You-Gan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Polyploids are common in flowering plants and they tend to have more expanded ranges of distributions than their diploid progenitors. Possible mechanisms underlying polyploid success have been intensively investigated. Previous studies showed that polyploidy generates novel changes and that subgenomes in allopolyploid species often differ in gene number, gene expression levels and levels of epigenetic alteration. It is widely believed that such differences are the results of conflicts among the subgenomes. These differences have been treated by some as subgenome dominance, and it is claimed that the magnitude of subgenome dominance increases in polyploid evolution.

Scope
In addition to changes which occurred during evolution, differences between subgenomes of a polyploid species may also be affected by differences between the diploid donors and changes which occurred during polyploidization. The variable genome components in many plant species are extensive, which would result in exaggerated differences between a subgenome and its progenitor when a single genotype or a small number of genotypes are used to represent a polyploid or its donors. When artificially resynthesized polyploids are used as surrogates for newly formed genotypes which have not been exposed to evolutionary selection, differences between diploid genotypes available today and those involved in the formation of the natural polyploid genotypes must also be considered.

Conclusions
Contrary to the now widely held views that subgenome biases in polyploids are the results of conflicts among the subgenomes and that one of the parental subgenomes generally retains more genes which are more highly expressed, available results show that subgenome biases mainly reflect legacy from the progenitors and that they can be detected before the completion of polyploidization events. Further, there is no convincing evidence that the magnitudes of subgenome biases have significantly changed during evolution for any of the allopolyploid species assessed.
Non-rolling flag leaves use an effective mechanism to reduce water loss and light-induced damage under drought stress
Authors: Hura Tomasz , Hura Katarzyna , Ostrowska Agnieszka , Urban Karolina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThe study reports on four different types of flag leaf rolling under soil drought in relation to the level of cell wall-bound phenolics. The flag leaf colonization by aphids, as a possible bioindicator of the accumulation of cell wall-bound phenolics, was also estimated.MethodsThe proteins of the photosynthetic apparatus that form its core and are crucial for maintaining its stability (D1/PsbA protein), limit destructive effects of light (PsbS, a protein binding carotenoids in the antennas) and participate in efficient electron transport between photosystems II (PSII) and PSI (Rieske iron–sulfur protein of the cytochrome b6f complex) were evaluated in two types of flag leaf rolling. Additionally, biochemical and physiological reactions to drought stress in rolling and non-rolling flag leaves were compared.Key ResultsThe study identified four types of genome-related types of flag leaf rolling. The biochemical basis for these differences was a different number of phenolic molecules incorporated into polycarbohydrate structures of the cell wall. In an extreme case of non-rolling dehydrated flag leaves, they were found to accumulate high amounts of cell wall-bound phenolics that limited cell water loss and protected the photosynthetic apparatus against excessive light. PSII was also additionally protected against excess light by the accumulation of photosynthetic apparatus proteins that ensured stable and efficient transport of excitation energy beyond PSII and its dissipation as far-red fluorescence and heat. Our analysis revealed a new type of flag leaf rolling brought about by an interaction between wheat and rye genomes, and resulting in biochemical specialization of flexible, rolling and rigid, non-rolling parts of the flag leaf. The study confirmed limited aphid colonization of the flag leaves with enhanced content of cell wall-bound phenolics.ConclusionsNon-rolling leaves developed effective adaptation mechanisms to reduce both water loss and photoinhibitory damage to the photosynthetic apparatus under drought stress.
Ultra high-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) method development and validation for the identification of oxidized product of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG)
Authors: Ungarala Ramakrishna , Sinha Sukesh Narayan , Sunder R Shyam 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective
In the present study we reported oxidation of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and validation of oxidized product by a validated ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) method.

Methods
Two hundred milligrams of EGCG was oxidized in 5 mL of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and was identified by a validated UHPLC method with precision and robustness. Confirmation of parameters like C–H stretching and mass was carried out using infrared spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy, respectively. Identification of oxidized EGCG (O-EGCG) was done by UHPLC.

Results
The infrared spectroscopy chromatograms observed less intensity C-H stretching as compared to O-EGCG. The mass of EGCG and O-EGCG were 459.09 and 915.16, respectively. Structure elucidation revealed a loss of one proton in O-EGCG as compared to EGCG. Validation of the developed method was specific, with linear correlation coefficient 0.9981 and 0.9917, respectively for EGCG and O-EGCG, the accuracy rate of 95.2%–99.6% for EGCG, and 99.18%–101.5% for O-EGCG.

Conclusion
Together, the results of this study demonstrate the formation of a dimer also the UHPLC method developed for identification of both EGCG and O-EGCG is validated as per the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines.
Inhaled Zanamivir vs Oral Oseltamivir to Prevent Influenza-related Hospitalization or Death: A Nationwide Population-based Quasi-experimental Study
Authors: Su Chia ping , Chan K Arnold , Huang Ching Tai , Fang Chi Tai 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Meta-analyses of individual patient data from randomized, controlled trials show that early oseltamivir treatment for influenza cut the risk of pneumonia and hospitalization by 44% and 63%, respectively. However, data on the effectiveness of inhaled zanamivir in preventing hospitalization and death are lacking.

Methods
This nationwide, population-based, cohort study included all outpatients treated with inhaled zanamivir or oral oseltamivir within 48 hours after a clinical diagnosis of influenza before and after the rollout of inhaled zanamivir as the first-line antiviral in Taiwan. The main outcome was influenza-related hospitalization or death within 14 days. Those who developed the outcome within 2 days were excluded from analyses. Propensity score stratification was used to control confounding from covariates.

Results
A total of 865 032 eligible influenza outpatients were included in the analysis. The risk of developing the main outcome (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], .96 to 1.06) did not differ between the inhaled zanamivir group (n = 595 897, 68.9%, the reference) and the oral oseltamivir group (n = 269 135, 31.1%). Prespecified analysis on high-risk subgroups further showed that inhaled zanamivir is not inferior to oral oseltamivir in either patients aged ≥65 years (aHR, 1.14; 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.25) or patients with chronic lung diseases (aHR, 1.23; 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.41).

Conclusions
Inhaled zanamivir is not inferior to oral oseltamivir as outpatient treatment in preventing influenza-related hospitalization or death for patients whose conditions do not require hospitalization within 2 days.
Geographical variation in nest defense among cinereous tit populations in China
Authors: Shen Chao , Yin Dake , Yu Jiangping , Zhang Li , Han Zheng , Jin Longru , Liang Wei , Wang Haitao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBehavioral divergence among populations is common across taxonomic groups, still we know very little about anti-predator behaviors. Animal exposure to predation risk is variable in different ecological contexts. In addition, reproduction value of animals in different geographical regions usually varies. In this study, we tested whether cinereous tits Parus cinereus in different populations exhibited nest defense behaviors similar to those of nest or adult predators and whether their nest defense behaviors showed geographical variation. By using field dummy experiments, we observed tits’ nest defense behavior in nest predator common chipmunk Tamias sibiricus and red squirrel Sciurus vulgaris, adult predator Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus and nonthreatening species Oriental turtle dove Streptopelia orientalis in the ZJ (44° N), DZ (31° N), and DLS (18° N) populations, respectively. The response scores varied significantly across the 4 dummies in ZJ-tits and DLS-tits but did not in DZ-tits. When facing the chipmunk, ZJ-tits showed the highest response score and DZ-tits showed the lowest response score. When facing the squirrel, ZJ-tits showed a higher response score than tits in the other 2 populations. However, tits among the 3 populations responded similarly to a sparrowhawk or dove with slight response behaviors. In addition, response scores to nest predators were positively correlated with brood size across the 3 populations, but no trend was found for sparrowhawks or doves. Our results indicated that the nest defense behaviors of cinereous tits have evolved in response to large-scale geographical variation in ecological contexts and reproduction value.
Contribution of Linguistic Skills to Word Reading in DHH Students
Authors: Sun Peng , Zhao Ying , Chen Hongjun , Wu Xinchun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study aims to examine the relative contributions of phonological awareness (PA), orthographical awareness (OA), morphological awareness (MA) and rapid automatized naming (RAN) to word reading accuracy and fluency in Chinese deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) students. Measures of PA, OA, MA, RAN, word reading accuracy, and word reading fluency were administered to 133 DHH and 127 hearing students in Grades 4–6. After controlling for chronological age, hierarchical regression analysis showed that PA made an independent contribution to word reading accuracy and fluency among the DHH students. The unique effect of OA was significant on word reading accuracy in DHH students; whereas, its predictive role was played on word reading fluency in hearing students. RAN accounted for additional variance only in word reading accuracy in DHH students. MA significantly explained the variance in both reading abilities and in both groups. This suggests that for DHH students, they use nonphonological clues (MA and OA) to learn to read. To a lesser degree, however, they do rely on PA to reading words. For hearing students, they mainly rely on MA to their word reading. There are some similarities and differences in the mechanisms underlying word reading in DHH and hearing children.
Cost-efficient snare-assisted peroral endoscopic myotomy in comparison of conventional endoscopic knife for treatment of achalasia: results of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Huang Zhen-Zi , Mao Ren , Li Yuan-Qi , Tian Hong-Zhan , Iacucci Marietta , Shen Bo , Cui Yi , Xiao Ying-Lian , Wang Jin-Hui , Chen Min-Hu , Xing Xiang-Bin 
Published: March 2022

Summary
Background: To date, the ideal endoscopic knife for peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) with good performance and cost-effectiveness is still under investigation. The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of snare-assisted POEM, compared with the conventional endoscopic knife approach. Methods: From May 2017 to December 2018, patients with achalasia presenting for POEM without previous endoscopic or surgical therapy were prospectively recruited in this randomized controlled trial. Patients were randomly allocated to receive POEM using either the snare (snare group) or HookKnife (conventional group). The primary outcome was clinical success (Eckardt score ≤ 3) at 12-month follow-up, powered for noninferiority with a margin of −15%. The secondary outcomes included adverse events (AEs), procedure-related parameters, clinical outcomes, and cost-effectiveness. Results: A total of 75 patients with similar baseline characteristics between the snare (N = 37) and conventional (N = 38) groups were included. Clinical success at 12-month follow-up was achieved in 94.6% of patients in the snare group and 92.1% of patients in the conventional group (difference, 2.5% [95% CI, −8.7% to 13.7%]; P &lt; 0.001 for noninferiority). No severe AEs occurred in both groups. The use of snare is associated with comparable procedure time (40.6 minutes vs. 42.5 minutes, P = 0.337), a lower frequency of hemostatic forceps use (27.0% vs. 68.4%, P &lt; 0.001), and lower hospital costs ($4271.1 vs. $5327.3, P &lt; 0.001). The cost-effectiveness plane revealed that 96.9% of snare-assisted POEM procedures offered more cost-savings and health utility benefits. Conclusions: The snare-assisted POEM was noninferior to the conventional endoscopic knife approach in terms of clinical efficacy, with comparable safety outcomes and cost-effective benefits.
Preclinical evaluation of Versius, an innovative device for use in robot-assisted thoracic surgery
Authors: Aresu Giuseppe , Dunning Joel , Routledge Tom , Bagan Patrick , Slack Mark 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The adoption of robot-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) has helped to overcome some of the challenges associated with surgeons performing conventional video-assisted thoracic surgery. The Versius Surgical System (CMR Surgical, Cambridge, UK) has been developed iteratively in line with surgical team feedback to improve the surgeon’s experience and patient outcomes. The goal of this study was to assess the use of the device in RATS in a preclinical setting and to fulfil Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment, Long-Term Follow Up–Devices stage 1 (Idea).

METHODS
Four cadaveric sessions were conducted between November 2018 and December 2020, during which device performance in a range of thoracic operations was assessed. Procedures were categorized as either completed or not completed, and surgeons evaluated the device’s ability to successfully complete necessary surgical steps. Port and bedside unit positions were recorded.

RESULTS
In total, 22/24 (91.7%) thoracic procedures were successfully completed, including 17/18 lobectomies, 2/3 thymectomies and 3/3 diaphragm plications, in 9 cadaver specimens. One thymectomy could not be completed due to cadaver anatomy and 1 lobectomy was not completed due a console system fault. Port and bedside unit configurations were successfully validated for all procedures, and lead surgeons deemed the device to be well-suited for thoracic surgery.

CONCLUSIONS
This preclinical study demonstrated the successful use of the device in RATS in cadaveric models and supports progression to small-scale clinical studies, as part of Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment, Long-Term Follow Up–Devices stage 2a (Development).
Religion as a Micro and Macro Property: Investigating the Multilevel Relationship between Religion and Abortion Attitudes across the Globe
Authors: Adamczyk Amy 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn many countries, abortion is the most contested issue being publicly discussed, in part, because it has important implications for gender equality, health, family formation, politics, and views about morality. Personal religious beliefs are often seen as having an important role in shaping disapproving attitudes. However, little attention has been given to the country religious context for understanding public opinion about abortion. Drawing on ideas from cultural sociology, the anti-ascetic hypothesis, and the moral communities hypothesis, this study investigates the individual and country religious associations with abortion attitudes. Using hierarchical modelling techniques and survey data from over 70 nations, representing the majority of the world’s population, the multilevel roles of religion are investigated. Both personal and country levels of religious importance are associated with the disapproval of abortion, but there are few differences across religions. Laws allowing for abortion are marginally associated with attitudes and there is no moral communities effect, whereby overall levels of religious importance have a moderating influence on the relationship between personal religiosity and attitudes. However, individual religious importance appears to have a greater association with disapproval in richer, rather than poorer, countries, providing novel insight into why abortion has remained controversial in many countries, especially those with higher levels of economic development.