bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of root canal treatment worldwide: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: León‐López María , Cabanillas‐Balsera Daniel , Martín‐González Jenifer , Montero‐Miralles Paloma , Saúco‐Márquez Juan J. , Segura‐Egea Juan J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of root filled teeth (RFT) worldwide will inform about the amount of clinical activity of dentists dedicated to treat endodontic disease.ObjectivesTo carry out a systematic review with meta‐analysis answering the following question: What is the prevalence of RFT around the world? The percentage of people with at least one RFT was also investigated.MethodsA systematic review including population‐based studies using the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE and Scielo. Studies related to prevalence of RFT were included. The outcome of interest of the study was the prevalence of RFT. The meta‐analyses were calculated with the Open Meta Analyst software to determine the global prevalence of RFT. Subgroups analyses were performed comparing geographical distribution, radiographic method and year of the study (classified in 20th or 21th century). The prevalence of people with at least one RFT was also analysed.ResultsSeventy‐four population‐based studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Twenty‐eight, forty‐four and two studies reported high, moderate and low risk of bias, respectively. No obvious publication bias was observed. Prevalence of RFT was estimated with 1 201 255 teeth and 32 162 patients. The calculated worldwide prevalence of RFT was 8.2% (95% CI = 7.3%–9.1%;p < .001). The global prevalence of people with at least one RFT was 55.7% (95% CI = 49.6%–61.8%;p < .001). In 20th century, the prevalence of RFT was 10.2% (95% CI = 7.9%–12.5%;p < .001), whereas in the 21st century the overall calculated prevalence of RFT was 7.5% (95% CI = 6.5%–8.6%;p < .001). Brazilian people (12%) and the European population (9.3%) showed the highest prevalence of RFT. In Europe, 59.6% (95% CI = 52.4%–66.8%) of people has at least one RFT.ConclusionsThis review showed that root canal treatment is a very common therapy throughout the world. More than half of the studied population have at least one RFT. A limitation of the present study is that most of the studies did not consider random sampling for population selection.RegistrationPROSPERO Systematic review registration number: (CRD42022329053).
Treatment strategies and outcomes in a long‐term registry study of patients with high‐risk metastatic hormone‐naïve prostate cancer in Japan: An interim analysis of the J‐ROCK study
Authors: Uemura Hirotsugu , Matsumoto Rikiya , Mizokami Atsushi , Miyake Hideaki , Uemura Hiroji , Matsuyama Hideyasu , Nakamura Kazuyoshi , Saito Kazutaka , Kawakita Mutsushi , Takeshita Hideki , Koroki Yosuke , Ono Shintaro , Murota Maiko , Ito Miku , Kamoto Toshiyuki , Fujimoto Kiyohide 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveThe prognosis of high‐risk metastatic hormone‐naïve prostate cancer is poor, and real‐world evidence of therapeutic options and sequences is lacking. The J‐ROCK study aimed to evaluate the outcomes in a real‐world setting in Japan.MethodsPatients with high‐risk metastatic hormone‐naïve prostate cancer diagnosed after May 2019 were eligible. Based on their treatment within 3 months after diagnosis, patients were allocated to either cohort 1 (androgen deprivation therapy alone or combined androgen blockade with bicalutamide) or cohort 2 (androgen deprivation therapy with abiraterone acetate+prednisolone, docetaxel, enzalutamide, or apalutamide).ResultsIn this first interim analysis (cut‐off January 2021), 410 patients were enrolled, including 163 patients in cohort 1 and 247 in cohort 2. The median follow‐up period was 7.6 (range 0.1–20.5) months. A higher proportion of patients in cohort 2 (42.5%) achieved nadir prostate‐specific antigen levels ≤0.2 ng/ml within a year, compared with cohort 1 (22.1%). Prostate‐specific antigen‐progression‐free survival was also more favorable in cohort 2 (adjusted hazard ratio 0.629 [95% confidence interval 0.345–1.147]).ConclusionsThe higher proportion of cohort 2 suggest a paradigm shift has occurred in the real‐world treatment of high‐risk metastatic hormone‐naïve prostate cancer in Japan. Some factors including prostate‐specific antigen may affect treatment selection but need further observation. Most patients in cohort 2 received abiraterone acetate+prednisolone. The proportion of patients in cohort 1 receiving combined androgen blockade was lower than previously reported in Japan. This analysis suggest that more intensive therapy tends to prolong prostate‐specific antigen‐progression‐free survival in patients with high‐risk metastatic hormone‐naïve prostate cancer.
Site of care and factors associated with mortality in unvaccinated Australian aged care residents during COVID‐19 outbreaks
Authors: Radcliffe Nicholas J. , Lau Liza , Hack Emma , Huynh Andrew , Puri Arvind , Yao Henry , Wong Aaron , Kohler Sabrina , Chua Maggie , Amadoru Sanka , Haywood Cilla , Yates Paul 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundResidential InReach presents an alternative to hospital admission for aged care residents swabbed for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), although relative outcomes remain unknown.AimsTo compare rates and predictors of 28‐day mortality for aged care residents seen by InReach with COVID‐19, or ‘suspected COVID‐19’ (sCOVID), including hospital versus InReach‐based care.MethodsProspective observational study of consecutive patients referred to a Victorian InReach service meeting COVID‐19 testing criteria between April and October 2020 (prevaccine availability). COVID‐19 was determined by positive polymerase chain reaction testing on nasopharyngeal swab. sCOVID‐19 was defined as meeting symptomatic Victorian Government testing criteria but persistently swab negative.ResultsThere were no significant differences in age, sex, Clinical Frailty Score (CFS) or Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) between 152 patients with COVID‐19 and 118 patients with sCOVID. Similar results were found for 28‐day mortality between patients with COVID‐19 (35/152, 23%) and sCOVID (32/118, 27%) (P = 0.4). For the combined cohort, 28‐day mortality was associated with initial oxygen saturation (P < 0.001), delirium (P < 0.001), hospital transfer for acuity (P = 0.02; but not public health/facility reasons), CFS (P = 0.04), prior ischaemic heart disease (P = 0.01) and dementia (P = 0.02). For patients with COVID‐19, 28‐day mortality was associated with initial oxygen saturation (P = 0.02), delirium (P < 0.001) and hospital transfer for acuity (P = 0.01), but not public health/facility reasons.ConclusionUnvaccinated aged care residents meeting COVID‐19 testing criteria seen by InReach during a pandemic experience high mortality rates, including with negative swab result. Residents remaining within‐facility (with InReach) experienced similar adjusted mortality odds to residents transferred to hospital for public health/facility‐based reasons, and lower than those transferred for clinical acuity.
Agenda‐setting by young adults with type 1 diabetes and associations with emotional well‐being/social support: results from an observational study
Authors: Wyld Katherine , Hendrieckx Christel , Griffin Alison , Barrett Helen , D'Silva Neisha 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Diabetes Psychosocial Assessment Tool (DPAT) was developed to assess the psychosocial well‐being of young adults with type 1 diabetes in clinical practice. The DPAT includes three validated questionnaires (assessing diabetes distress, anxiety/depressive symptoms and emotional well‐being) and an agenda‐setting tool. It is currently used by the Queensland Statewide Diabetes Clinical Network (available at Clinical Excellence Queensland).AimsTo describe agenda items set by young adults with type 1 diabetes and investigate their association with emotional well‐being/social support.MethodsThe DPAT was completed by young adults attending routine diabetes outpatient appointments at the Mater Hospital (Brisbane) between November 2016 and January 2020. For the current analysis, data included responses on agenda‐setting and outcomes from three validated questionnaires.ResultsResponses of 277 young adults (15–26 years) were analysed. Ninety‐four (34%) reported one to three agenda item(s). Common agenda items were diabetes technology and medications, but other topics raised included pregnancy, body image and eating concerns. Participants with moderate diabetes distress or anxiety symptoms were more likely to list at least one agenda item (P = 0.006; P = 0.002), as were females and older participants.ConclusionSeveral agenda items for young adults with type 1 diabetes were identified and were more likely to be raised by those with elevated diabetes distress and anxiety symptoms. The DPAT is a valuable and convenient tool that can be easily applied in routine clinical practice to enable clinicians to understand the concerns of the young adult population and deliver personalised medicine to optimise long‐term outcomes.
The role of plant-associated rhizobacteria in plant growth, biocontrol and abiotic stress management
Authors: Bhat Basharat Ahmad , Tariq Lubna , Nissar Showkat , Islam Sheikh Tajamul , Islam Shahid Ul , Mangral Zahid , Ilyas Noshin , Sayyed Riyaz Z. , Muthusamy Govarthanan , Kim Woong , Dar Tanvir Ul Hasan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe rhizosphere is the region around the plant roots where maximum microbial activities occur. In the rhizosphere, microorganisms' beneficial and harmful activities affect plant growth and development. The mutualistic rhizospheric bacteria which improve plant growth and health are known as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). They are very important due to their ability to help the plant in diverse ways. PGPR such as Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Arthrobacter, Achromobacter, Micrococcus, Enterobacter, Rhizobium, Agrobacterium, Pantoea and Serratia are now very well known. Rhizomicrobiome plays critical roles in nutrient acquisition and assimilation, improved soil texture, secreting and modulating extracellular molecules such as hormones, secondary metabolites, antibiotics and various signal compounds, all leading to the enhancement of plant growth and development. The microbes and compounds they secrete constitute valuable biostimulants and play pivotal roles in modulating plant stress responses. In this review, we highlight the rhizobacteria diversity and cutting-edge findings focusing on the role of a PGPR in plant growth and development. We also discussed the role of PGPR in resisting the adverse effects arising from various abiotic (drought, salinity, heat, heavy metals) stresses.
‘Democracy without Politics’ in the European Commission's Response to Democratic Backsliding: From Technocratic Legalism to Democratic Pluralism
Authors: Oleart Alvaro , Theuns Tom 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe debate on EU responses to democratic backsliding in EU member states has mostly been anchored on technocratic appeals to the rule of law and judicial independence, and on Poland and Hungary. In this article, we ask: What understandings of democracy have shaped the European Commission's response to democratic backsliding in recent years? After developing an understanding of pluralist democracy, we uncover the way in which the European Commission conceives of democracy through a discourse analysis of European Commissioners' speeches (2018–21) and a normative‐theoretical analysis. We identify the Commission's conception as a form of ‘democracy without politics’, and argue that it matches the EU's policy choices in regard to democratic backsliding. We argue that a fuller, healthier and normatively more attractive conception of democracy encompasses more attention to political pluralism, agonistic contestation and the vibrancy of civil society.
Increased rates of fragrance allergy in fibromyalgia individuals tested with the Swedish baseline patch test series
Authors: Bruze Magnus , Hopkins Katharine , Dahlin Jakob , Olsson Karin , Åstrand Jacqueline , Svedman Cecilia , Ofenloch Robert , Antelmi Annarita 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundContact allergy can manifest in a variety of ways clinically. Systemic contact allergy may occasionally present with pain in muscles and joints. Fibromyalgia is a chronic rheumatic disease characterized by pain and with virtually unknown aetiology.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the contact allergy rates to the sensitizers in a baseline series and compare with corresponding rates in dermatitis patients and the general population.MethodsPatch testing with the Swedish baseline series was performed in 120 individuals with fibromyalgia. Fisher's exact test was used for pair‐wise comparisons of contact allergy rates between the fibromyalgia group and two control groups, dermatitis patients and individuals in the general population.ResultsContact allergy was significantly more common in the fibromyalgia group compared to the general population concerning nickel and the fragrance markers Myroxolon pereirae and fragrance mix I. There were fewer allergic reactions to preservatives in the fibromyalgia group compared with the dermatitis group.ConclusionsMyroxolon pereirae and fragrance mix I represent besides fragrance allergy also allergy to flavouring substances which indicate that oral exposure to flavouring substances and hygiene products might be important for sensitization and possibly elicitation of systemic contact allergy symptoms in fibromyalgia individuals.
Atopic dermatitis and risk of major neuropsychiatric disorders in children: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Wan Joy , Shin Daniel B. , Syed Maha N. , Abuabara Katrina , Lemeshow Adina R. , Gelfand Joel M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPaediatric atopic dermatitis (AD) has been linked to neuropsychiatric comorbidities such as depression, anxiety and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, longitudinal data are limited, and the effect of AD severity on neuropsychiatric outcomes requires further characterization.ObjectivesTo determine the risk of several major neuropsychiatric conditions in children with AD.MethodsWe analysed UK health records data in a population‐based cohort study. Each patient <18 years old with AD was matched to up to five unaffected patients on age, practice and index date. Treatments served as proxies for AD severity, which was analysed in a time‐updated manner. Outcomes were incident anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, ADHD, autism, obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), suicidal ideation or attempt, and completed suicide.ResultsA total of 409,431 children with AD (93.2% mild, 5.5% moderate, 1.3% severe) were compared to 1,809,029 children without AD. In Cox regression models adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status and other atopic comorbidities, no statistically significant relationships were observed between AD and incident anxiety (HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.99–1.03), ADHD (1.02, 0.97–1.06), autism (1.02, 0.98–1.06), bipolar disorder (1.08, 0.85–1.36), suicidal ideation/attempt (0.98, 0.95–1.01) or completed suicide (0.85, 0.64–1.14). Children with AD were less likely to develop depression (0.93, 0.91–0.95) or schizophrenia (0.72, 0.54–0.95) but more likely to develop OCD (1.26, 1.16–1.37). However, there was substantial variation by AD severity and age in both the direction and magnitude of effect for many of the neuropsychiatric conditions examined.ConclusionsThe was no substantial impact of AD on the overall risk of many neuropsychiatric conditions in children, but disease severity and age may be important modifying factors. Additional research is needed to further dissect the complex relationship between paediatric AD and neuropsychiatric comorbidities.
Optimization of the performance of an automated/continuous pilot scale soymilk plant for medium and small‐scale entrepreneurs
Authors: Mangaraj Shukadev , Sharma Veer Mohan , Nishad Praween , Thakur Rajeev R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe manual operations involved in the existing batch type soymilk plant reduces the overall capacity and quality of soymilk of the plant and due to which, its commercial application is limited. Therefore, the objective of this research work was to optimize the performance of a continuous soymilk extraction plant by maximizing the capacity and protein content while minimizing the hydroperoxide content through the manipulation of feed rate (kg/h), cooker temperature, cooker pressure, and holding time. Four independent variables namely; feed rate (10–20 kg/h), cooker temperature (100–120°C), cooker pressure (1.5–2.5 kg/m3), and holding time (3–7 min) were selected for testing the developed plant. The selected parameters were optimized and, the optimum value of feed rate, cooker temperature, cooker pressure, and holding time was obtained as 19.83 kg/h, 110°C, 2.44 kg/cm2 and 3 min, respectively. The corresponding values of responses, that is, the capacity, protein content and hydroperoxide level, were 98.58 L/h, 3.15%, and 5.36 mol/g, respectively.Novelty impact statementThe developed pilot scale continuous type soymilk plant has successfully adopted and run by a number of self‐help group at medium and small scale enterprises. The output capacity and quality of soymilk produced by the plant were highly appreciated by the consumers. This development has the potential to create a golden opportunity of employment and income generation for the rural youth to initiate a new start up for running their own business and to support the vocal for local as well as self‐reliance India initiative of the Govt. of India.
Effects of wheat gliadin and glutenin fractions on dough properties, oil uptake, and microstructure of instant noodles
Authors: Dewan Aastha , Chaudhary Nisha , Khatkar Bhupendar Singh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn lieu to understand the functionality of individual gluten fractions along with varietal variation in dough and instant noodles quality characteristics, this project was designed. Glutenins addition enhanced rheological properties such as dough development time (DDT), dough stability (DS), and energy at peak (EP) more significantly in DBW88 as compared to HI1500. Gliadins addition amplified dough softening (DSO) more prominently in HI1500 than DBW88. Instant noodles cooking and textural quality improved with glutenins addition and deteriorated with gliadins incorporation. Dough microstructure revealed denser and compact network with extended strands on glutenins addition, whereas gliadins supplementation produced shorter sheeted network. Surface microstructure of developed instant noodles displayed smooth continuous sheet on glutenins incorporation which served as barrier for oil absorption; on the contrary, gliadins addition created porous and rough surface that ensued higher oil intake. Thus, strengthening and weakening effect of gluten fractions was elucidated in generating better quality instant noodles.Practical applicationsSelection of wheat variety with appropriate protein content or incorporation of strength providing gluten fraction in weak variety for improving instant noodles cooking and textural quality with reduced oil uptake.
The emotional management of motherhood: Foodwork, maternal guilt, and emotion work
Authors: Fielding‐Singh Priya , Cooper Marianne 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined how college‐educated mothers emotionally manage the guilt they experience as they perform maternal foodwork.BackgroundMaternal guilt is prevalent in the United States, as most mothers report feeling guilty about their inability to live up to the high standards set by intensive mothering. While research has shown that guilt pervades mothers' experiences, less focus has been paid to what mothersdoabout the guilt they feel. With a focus on maternal foodwork, this study investigated how college‐educated mothers emotionally manage the recurring feelings of guilt that arise due the pressures and expectations around feeding children.MethodUsing in‐depth interviews with 35 college‐educated mothers in the San Francisco Bay Area, this article examined mothers' emotional management of guilt. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsMothers experienced guilt as they perceived themselves to be falling short of intensive mothering's ideals around maternal foodwork. In an effort to manage this guilt, mothers employed the gendered and classed emotional management strategy ofupscaling, whereby they actively worked on their emotions in ways that paradoxically served to amplify their feelings of guilt and fuel additional physical and cognitive labor. Three approaches were central to upscaling: raising the bar, seeking control, and leveraging social comparison. All of these approaches relied on mothers' ongoing surveillance of themselves and others.ConclusionThe findings show how mothers' emotional management strategies are key to the maintenance of intensive mothering ideals over time, with consequences for the reproduction of gender inequality.
Examining intra‐ and inter‐personal health effects of optimism and pessimism: The role of subjective well‐being in romantic couples
Authors: Borenstein‐Laurie James , Barlow Meaghan A. , Scheier Michael F. , Wrosch Carsten 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionRecent meta‐analytic research suggests that the absence of pessimism could be a stronger predictor of physical health than the presence of optimism. The present study examined the role of subjective well‐being in the effects of optimism and pessimism on physical health in romantic couples. It was hypothesized that pessimism would be more strongly associated with both well‐being and health than optimism, intra‐ and interpersonally. Subjective well‐being was also expected to explain variance in the associations between optimism, pessimism, and health.MethodsA baseline sample of 153 opposite‐sex couples completed various measures of subjective well‐being (e.g., life satisfaction, positive and negative affect, and depressive symptoms) and physical health (e.g., subjective health, sleep efficiency, physical symptoms, cold symptoms, and chronic illness).ResultsResults of actor‐partner interdependence models showed that the absence of pessimism, but not the presence of optimism, was associated with better physical health at baseline and over time. Pessimism was also a stronger predictor than optimism of baseline levels in some indicators of subjective well‐being. These effects were obtained intra‐ and interpersonally. Finally, subjective well‐being explained variance in some of the effects of pessimism on levels of physical health. Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed.