bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRADITIONAL MEDICINES AMONGST INDIGENOUS GROUPS IN RORAIMA, BRAZIL: A RETROSPECTIVE
Authors: Milliken William 
Published: January 2022

Surveys of medicinal plants and fungi among five indigenous groups in Roraima, Brazil, were identified in the 1990s but not published. Most of the 52 species reported here were unknown in the literature for the same medicinal purpose when the data were collected, but 25 years later this has changed. Some of the ‘repeated’ data were collected in Roraima, but most were recorded elsewhere. It is likely that some of the traditional knowledge will have been lost by now, with old informants not passing their knowledge to younger generations. More work should be done on recording indigenous knowledge in Roraima, preferably by indigenous people. Efforts to recuperate traditional knowledge will benefit indigenous culture health and livelihoods.
Demoras en atención materna y complicaciones hipertensivas en el Hospital Sabogal, Callao, Perú, 2021. Estudio de casos y controles
Authors: Moran-Relaiza Ruth , López-Obando Fanny Liliana , Pérez-Baldeón Adela 
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: evaluar si hay asociación entre demora II en atención materna y complicaciones de la hipertensión inducida por el embrazo (HIE) en el Hospital Alberto Sabogal en el contexto de pandemia por covid-19.
Materiales y métodos: estudio de casos y controles llevado a cabo en un hospital de referencia en la región de Callao, Perú. En el estudio se incluyeron mujeres de 19 años o más, atendidas por cesárea de urgencia debida a distocias fetales, sospecha de feto grande o cesáreas iterativas, y aquellas que tuvieron cesárea por emergencia atendidas en las áreas de obstetricia covid-19 y no covid-19 en los meses de enero a abril de 2021. Se excluyeron gestantes con enfermedades preexistentes, así como a quienes presentaban otras complicaciones obstétricas. Como casos se incluyeron pacientes con complicaciones de la hipertensión inducida por el embrazo (HIE) y como controles las que no tuvieron estas complicaciones. Se midió la edad, la procedencia, la ocupación, y el tipo de demora. Se usó un cuestionario según modelo de Thadeus y Maine, y revisión documentaria. Se evaluó la asociación entre demora II y complicaciones de la HIE a través de la odds ratio (OR).
Resultados: se encontró que los casos tuvieron un mayor riesgo de haber estado expuestos a demoras tipo II que los controles (OR: 7,72; IC 95 %: 3,44-17,35). Se identificó que la demora II se asoció con la procedencia de la paciente.
Conclusión: en el periodo de la pandemia por covid-19 las mujeres que tuvieron complicaciones de la HIE estuvieron más expuestas a demoras tipo II que los controles en el Hospital Sabogal en Callao, Perú. Se requieren estudios prospectivos que confirmen esta asociación y los efectos de la congestión de los servicios hospitalarios por pacientes con covid-19 en otros desenlaces maternoperinatales en la región.
A Novel Analytical Model of Solute Transport in an Aquifer-Aquitard System with Mixing Processes in the Reservoirs
Authors: Shi Wenguang , Quanrong Wang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Analytical models have been widely used to aid understanding the physical and chemical processes of tracer (or chemicals) in an aquifer-aquitard system in the laboratory-controlled experiment, when the observation data is few or not available during the experiment. When injecting tracer into (or extracting them from) the aquifer-aquitard system during experiments, the pre-inlet and after-outlet reservoirs are indispensable. However, the concentration variation in the reservoirs was not treated properly in previous analytical models, resulting in poor performance in interpreting experimental data. In this study, new mathematical models describing the concentration variation in the pre-inlet and the after-outlet reservoirs are proposed, and they are integrated into the novel analytical model. The novel analytical model is developed under the mobile-immobile (MIM) framework in the aquifer-aquitard system, considering the longitudinal and vertical dispersion, the advection, and the first-order chemical reaction in both aquifer and aquitard. A finite-difference solution is developed and the experimental data are employed to test the new analytical model. Results indicate that the concentration variation in the reservoirs is important to solute transport in the aquifer-aquitard system in the laboratory-controlled experiment, and the new analytical model outperforms the previous models in interpreting experimental data. The global sensitivity analysis demonstrates that the output concentration of solute transport in the aquifer-aquitard system is most sensitive to the volume of water in the pre-inlet reservoir. The contribution of the diffusion effect to the total mass flux of tracer crossing the aquifer-aquitard interface is much smaller than the contribution of the dispersive and advective effects.
Bioavailability of Inhaled Or Ingested PFOA Adsorbed To House Dust
Authors: Gustafsson Åsa Maria , Wang Bei , Gerde Per , Bergman Åke , Yeung Leo W. Y. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Indoor environments may impact human health due to chemical pollutants in the indoor air and house dust. This study aimed at comparing the bioavailability and distribution of PFOA following both an inhalation and an oral exposure to PFOA coated house dust in rats. In addition, extractable organofluorine (EOF) was measured in different tissue samples to assess any potential influence of other organofluorine compounds in the experimental house dust. Blood samples were collected at sequential time points after exposure and at the time of termination; lung, liver and kidney were collected for quantification of PFOA and EOF. The concentration of PFOA in plasma increased rapidly in both exposure groups attaining a Cmax at 3 h post exposure. The Cmax following inhalation was four times higher compared to oral exposures. At 48 h post exposure, the levels of PFOA in plasma, liver and kidney were twice as high from inhalation exposures. This shows that PFOA is readily bioavailable and has a rapid systemic distribution following an inhalation- or oral exposure to house dust coated with PFOA. The proportion of PFOA to EOF corresponded to approximately 54-68% and >80% in plasma and tissues, respectively. The mass balance between EOF and target PFOA indicate that there might be other unknown PFAS precursor and/or fluorinated compounds that co-existed in the house dust sample that might have accumulated in rats.
Bringing Chemical Structures to Life with Augmented Reality, Machine Learning and Quantum Chemistry
Authors: Sakshuwong Sukolsak , Weir Hayley , Raucci Umberto , Martinez Todd 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Visualizing 3D molecular structures is crucial to understanding and predicting their chemical behavior. However, static 2D hand-drawn skeletal structures remain the preferred method of chemical communication. Here, we combine cutting-edge technologies in augmented reality (AR), machine learning, and computational chemistry to develop MolAR, a mobile application for visualizing molecules in AR directly from their hand-drawn chemical structures. Users can also visualize any molecule or protein directly from its name or PDB ID, and compute chemical properties in real time via quantum chemistry cloud computing. MolAR provides an easily accessible platform for the scientific community to visualize and interact with 3D molecular structures in an immersive and engaging way.
Effect of Dietary Marula Nut Meal on Liver Lipid Content and Surrogate Markers of Liver and Kidney Function of Broiler and Layer Japanese Quail
Authors: Mazizi Bulelani Elvis , Erlwanger Kennedy Honey , Chivandi Eliton 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Marula nut meal (MNM) can substitute soyabean meal (SBM) as a dietary protein source in Japanese quail diets without compromising growth performance and egg production. However, MNM has a high residual oil content which may impact metabolic health. The effects of MNM on hepatic lipid content and general, liver and kidney health have not been determined in both broilers and layers. Accordingly, two studies were run. In the broiler study two hundred 9-days old Japanese quail were randomly allocated to five diets wherein MNM replaced SBM on a crude protein (CP) basis at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, respectively, in both grower and finisher diets. In the layer study, sixty 5-weeks old Japanese maiden hens, individually housed, were randomly allocated to five-layer diets where MNM replaced SBM on a graded CP basis as for the broilers and fed for 8 weeks. At study termination the birds were slaughtered, blood collected and plasma harvested. Livers were excised, weighed and liver lipid content determined. Plasma surrogate markers of general health, liver and kidney function were determined. Dietary MNM had no effect (P > 0.05) on liver lipid content as well plasma surrogate markers of general health, liver and kidney function of the broiler quail. Dietary MNM at 75% of SBM CP significantly increased plasma phosphorus concentration of quail hens compared to that of counterparts fed control. Dietary MNM can be used in broiler and layer Japanese quail diets without risking development of fatty livers and compromising liver and kidney function.
Predictors of Venous Thromboembolism in COVID-19 Patients: Results of the COVID-19 Brazilian Registry
Authors: SILVEIRA Warley Cezar da 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

Previous studies that assessed risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in COVID-19 patients have shown inconsistent results. Our aim was to investigate VTE predictors by both logistic regression (LR) and machine learning (ML) approaches, due to their potential complementarity.
Methods

This substudy of a large Brazilian COVID-19 Registry included COVID-19 adult patients from 16 hospitals. Symptomatic VTE was confirmed by objective imaging. LR analysis, tree-based boosting and bagging were used to investigate the association of variables upon hospital presentation with VTE.
Results

Among 4,120 patients (55·5% men, 39·3% critical patients), VTE was confirmed in 6·7%. In multivariate LR analysis, obesity (OR 1·50, 95%CI 1·11-2·02); being an ex-smoker (OR 1·44, 95%CI 1·03-2·01); surgery ≤ 90 days (OR 2·20, 95%CI 1·14-4·23); axillary temperature (OR 1·41, 95%CI 1·22-1·63); D-dimer ≥ 4 times above the upper limit of reference value (OR 2·16, 95%CI 1·26-3·67), lactate (OR 1·10, 95%CI 1·02-1·19), C-reactive protein levels (CRP, OR 1·09, 95% CI 1·01-1·18); and neutrophil count (OR 1·04, 95%CI 1·005-1·075) were independent predictors of VTE. Atrial fibrillation, peripheral oxygen saturation/inspired oxygen fraction (SF) ratio and prophylactic use of anticoagulants were protective. Temperature at admission, SF ratio, neutrophil count, D-dimer, CRP and lactate levels were also identified as predictors by ML methods.
Conclusion

By using ML and LR analyse, we showed that D-dimer, axillary temperature, neutrophil count, CRP and lactate levels are risk factors for VTE in COVID-19 patients.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Associated Lockdown Measures on the Management, Health and Behaviour of the Cystic Fibrosis Population in France During 2020 (MUCONFIN)
Authors: Oubaya Nadia , Pombet Thibaut , Delestrain Celine , Remus Natascha , Douvry Benoit , Grenet Dominique , Corvol Harriet , Thouvenin Guillaume , Prulière-Escabasse Virginie , Mounir Hakima , Argoud Dominique , Fretigne Cédric , Costes Laurence , Mackiewicz Marie-Pierre , Jung Camille , Ahamada Laitissia , Lanone Sophie , Maitre Bernard , Bégot Anne-Cécile , Epaud Ralph 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
BackgroundMost of the studies on cystic fibrosis (CF) focused on SARS-CoV-2 prevalence and suggested a low incidence of infection in this population We aimed to assess in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients the impact on healthcare access, health, and behaviour of the pandemic and associated lockdown measures implemented in May 2020 in response to the first wave of SARS-CoV-2 infection.MethodsA national questionnaire opened online from May 10th, 2020 to June 11th, 2020 was completed by 751 CF-patients, aged 14 years and over. It comprised questions about access to healthcare, anxiety and depression, smoking, alcohol, drug and psychotropic drug consumption, adherence to CF treatment, and constraints. A semi-structured comprehensive interview was performed no later than one month after the end of the lockdown in 15 CF-patients.ResultsThe mean age of the population was 28 [IQR 20-37] years old. More than 75% of in-person consultations scheduled during the lockdown were cancelled and 27% were postponed, but telehealth consultations were proposed and accepted in almost 40% of cases. More than 75% of the scheduled physiotherapy sessions were cancelled and replaced mainly by self-drainage. Annual follow-up clinic visits were consistently postponed whereas required hospitalizations at CF centres for exacerbation were maintained in most cases. While 43% CF-patients had signs of anxiety, 51% presented symptoms of depression, both associated with increased use of psychotic medications and inversely correlated to COVID-19 prevalence. Among the lower and lower middle classes, very little medical information was obtained or requested by the patient, participation to sports or other activities was low, while excessive home confinement and isolation were more frequent. In contrast, in the upper middle and upper classes, individuals solicitated help to their CF centre, had more physical activities, and maintained contact with friends or families.ConclusionThe first lockdown in France had only minimal impact on the management care of CF-patients but was associated with increased symptoms of anxiety and depression, together with behavioural changes that varied with social class
Bringing to Life a Newly Discovered Signature of Fatigue Crack Initiation via Multimodal Characterizations
Authors: Shadle Dalton , Nygren Kelly , Stinville Jean , Charpagne Marie , Long Timothy , Echlin McLean , Budrow Christopher , Polonsky Andrew , Pollock Tresa , Miller Matthew 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Fatigue is the most prevalent failure mode in structural materials, yet remains challenging to study due to the seemingly unpredictable nature of crack initiation. To elucidate the driving forces of crack initiation in ductile polycrystalline metals, we employ a multimodal approach to identify and track grains with a suspected potential to initiate fatigue cracks via a newly founded signature. We discover this crack initiation potential (CIP) signature under the hypothesis that slip localization, a well-known precursor to crack initiation, is linked to intragrain misorientation, which can be quantified through single grain orientation distributions. We verify the CIP signature in an Inconel-718 material via static two-dimensional and three-dimensional electron microscopy and “bring to life” the dynamics of the CIP signature via in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction. With this CIP signature, we move to better focus studies of fatigue crack initiation on the individual grains and processes that drive fatigue failure.
Multiterminal Pathfinding in Practical VLSI Systems with Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Utyamishev Dmitry , Partin-Vaisband Inna 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A multiterminal obstacle-avoiding pathfinding approach is proposed. The approach is inspired by deep image learning. The key idea is based on training a conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN) to interpret a pathfinding task as a graphical bitmap and consequently map a pathfinding task onto a pathfinding solution represented by another bitmap. To enable the proposed cGAN pathfinding, a methodology for generating synthetic dataset is also proposed. The cGAN model is implemented in Python/Keras, trained on synthetically generated data, evaluated on practical VLSI benchmarks, and compared with state-of-the-art. Due to effective parallelization on GPU hardware, the proposed approach yields a state-of-the-art like wirelength and a better runtime and throughput for moderately complex pathfinding tasks. However, the runtime and throughput with the proposed approach remain constant with an increasing task complexity, promising orders of magnitude improvement over state-of-the-art in complex pathfinding tasks. The cGAN pathfinder can be exploited in numerous high throughput applications, such as, navigation, tracking, and routing in complex VLSI systems. The last is of particular interest to this work.
Performance of Nomogram Prediction Combining MiRNAs in Cervical Mucus, HPV Genotype and Age for Cervical Cancer and its Precursor Lesions
Authors: Kotani Kiriko , Iwata Aya , Kukimoto Iwao , Nishio Eiji , Mitani Takeji , Tsukamoto Tetsuya , Ichikawa Ryoko , Nomura Hiroyuki , Fujii Takuma 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide. Although cytology or HPV testing is available for screening, these techniques have their drawbacks and optimal screening methods are still being developed. Here, we sought to determine whether aberrant expression of miRNAs in cervical mucus could be an ancillary test for cervical neoplasms. The presence of miRNAs in 583 and 126 patients (validation and external cohorts) was determined by real-time RT-PCR. Performance of a combination with five miRNAs (miR-126-3p, -451a -144-3p, -20b-5p and -155-5p) was estimated by ROC curve analysis. Predicted probability (PP) was estimated by nomograms comprising -ΔCt values of the miRNAs, HPV genotype and age. A combination of five miRNAs showed a maximum AUC of 0.956 (95%CI: 0.933-0.980) for discriminating cancer. Low PP scores were associated with good prognosis over the 2-year observation period (p<0.05). Accuracy for identifying cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)3+ by nomogram was 0.983 and 0.966, respectively. PP was constant with different storage conditions of materials. We conclude that nomograms using miRNAs in mucus, HPV genotype and age could be useful as ancillary screening tests for cervical neoplasia.
In Vitro Amphidiploid Induction of A Distant Hybrid Populus Simonii × P. Euphratica Cv. ‘Xiaohuyang-2’ and its Effect on Plant Morphology and Anatomy
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Xiao , Zhang Ying , Cui Xiao-Tong , Li Dai-Li , Zhang Heng-Yue , Duan Wula , Wang Jun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

In plants, highly gametic sterility of distant hybrids usually restricts their utilization in breeding programs. Amphidiploid induction produced by somatic chromosome doubling of distant hybrids can effectively restore their gametic fertility. In this study, nodal-segment and leaf explants of a distant hybrid Populus simonii × P. euphratica cv. ‘Xiaohuyang-2’ were used to induce chromosome doubling with colchicine in vitro. Although chromosome doubling of the nodal-segment explants only produced mixoploids, the treatments of leaf explants on adventitious bud regeneration medium successfully produced 4 amphidiploids, which might be attributed to the direct organogenesis of the adventitious buds on the leaf explants. The highest amphidiploid induction frequency was 16.7%. Both the explant survival rate and polyploidization frequency were significantly affected by colchicine concentration and exposure time. The amphidiploid plants were significantly differed from the diploid and mixoploid plants on morphological and anatomical characteristics. They had larger, thicker, and greener leaves than the diploids and mixoploids. The changes of stomatal features also accompanied with increase of ploidy level. The induced amphidiploid plants of the distant hybrid ‘Xiaohuyang-2’ are expected to play important roles in breeding programs of Populus in future, which can be used as a bridge parent with ability of unreduced gamete formation to cross with fast-growth germplasms to produce triploids pyramiding desirable traits of fast growth, easy cutting propagation, and salt and drought tolerances.
Discovery of a Cryptic Species, Erysiphe Salicina Sp. Nov., and Reconstruction of The Phylogeny of Powdery Mildews On Populus and Salix Spp.
Authors: Feng Jing , Liu Shu-Yan , Braun Uwe , Takamatsu Susumu , Bradshaw Michael , Khodaparast Seyed Akbar , Bulgakov Timur S. , Guan Guan-Xiu , Zhao Feng-Yun , Tang Shu-Rong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Recently performed phylogenetic-taxonomic analyses of species belonging to Erysiphe sect. Uncinula on willows (Salix spp.) demonstrated a much higher diversity than previously assumed. Phylogenetic analyses and morphological examinations of Chinese Erysiphe collections on Salix abscondita (= S. raddeana), S. sinica and S. taraikensis, all belonging to Salix subgen. Vetrix sect. Vetrix, revealed an additional cryptic species in sister position to the E. salicis clade, which is described as Erysiphe salicina. The new species clearly distinguished from all allied species in morphological and genetical results. The phylogeny of the new species and closely related species on Populus and Salix spp. (Salicaceae) was reconstructed and discussed using a combined alignment of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and 28S rDNA sequences. The present phylogenetic analyses suggest that the recently described E. salicicola (on Salix gracilistyla in South Korea) has to be reduced to synonymy with E. salicis var. salicis-gracilistylae (º Uncinula salicis-gracilistylae).
The Clinical Significance of Forkhead Box M1 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Tissues: A Study Based on In-house Immunohistochemistry, RNA-sequencing, and Data Mining
Authors: Huang Wan-Ying , Li Jing-Xiao , Huang Zhi-Guang , He Rong-Quan , Chen Shang-Wei , Li Guo-Sheng , Li Dong-Ming , Tang Yu-Lu , Tang Deng , Zeng Jiang-Hui , Zhou Hua-Fu , Liu Jun , Fu Zong-Wang , Chen Gang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
BackgroundEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) ranks the sixth in mortality rates in cancers due to a lack of a specific target of diagnosis and treatment in the early stages. Although Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) has been reported to be differentially expressed in ESCC, its clinical role and function in ESCC remained unclarified.MethodsData from our hospital and public databases (n = 1906) were combined to estimate how FOXM1 overexpression showed its discriminatory ability between ESCC and non-ESCC esophageal tissues. Downstream targets of FOXM1 were predicted by using Cistrome database. Functional enrichment analyses were performed to explore the potential signaling pathways related to FOXM1 in ESCC. Based on the available clinical parameters, we investigated the prognosis potential of FOXM1 and its targets.ResultsThe pooled standard mean difference (SMD) for FOXM1 is 2.62 (95% CI: 2.08–3.16), indicating that FOXM1 is upregulated in ESCC. FOXM1 has an extremely high discrimination potential in ESCC because the area under the curve (AUC) of the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (sROC) is 0.99 (95% CI: 0.97–0.99). A total of 168 downstream targets were identified, and nine hub genes were screened from them. We found that FOXM1 and its targets were significantly enriched in the cell cycle. Additionally, the correlation between FOXM1 and clinical parameters had not been observed, except for age.Conclusions﻿FOXM1 is upregulated in ESCC and has an extremely high discrimination potential in ESCC.