bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered functional connectivity pattern of hippocampal subfields in individuals with objectively‐defined subtle cognitive decline and its association with cognition and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers
Authors: Qiu Tiantian , Zeng Qingze , Zhang Yusong , Luo Xiao , Xu Xiaopei , Li Xiaodong , Shen Zhujing , Li Kaicheng , Wang Chao , Huang Peiyu , Zhang Minming , Dai Shouping , Xie Fei ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: November 2022

AbstractRecent studies have shown that in the preclinical phase of Alzheimer's disease (AD), subtle cognitive changes can be detected using sensitive neuropsychological measures, and have proposed the concept of objectively‐defined subtle cognitive decline (Obj‐SCD). We aimed to assess the functional alteration of hippocampal subfields in individuals with Obj‐SCD and its association with cognition and pathological biomarkers. Forty‐two participants with cognitively normal (CN), 29 with Obj‐SCD, and 55 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were retrospectively collected from the ADNI database. Neuropsychological performance, functional MRI, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) data were obtained. We calculated the seed‐based functional connectivity (FC) of hippocampal subfields (cornu ammonis1 [CA1], CA2/3/dentate gyrus [DG], and subiculum) with whole‐brain voxels. Additionally, we analyzed the correlation between FC values of significantly altered regions and neuropsychological performance and CSF biomarkers. The Obj‐SCD group showed lower FC between left CA1‐CA2/3/DG and right thalamus and higher FC between right subiculum and right superior parietal gyrus (SPG) compared with the CN and MCI groups. In the Obj‐SCD group, FC values between left CA2/3/DG and right thalamus were positively associated with Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) recognition (r = 0.395, p = 0.046) and CSF Aβ1–42 levels (r = 0.466, p = 0.019), and FC values between left CA1 and right thalamus were positively correlated with CSF Aβ1–42 levels (r = 0.530, p = 0.006). Taken together, dysfunction in CA1‐CA2/3/DG subregions suggests subtle cognitive impairment and AD‐specific pathological changes in individuals with Obj‐SCD. Additionally, increased subiculum connectivity may indicate early functional compensation for subtle cognitive changes.
Brain molecular mechanisms in Rasmussen encephalitis
Authors: Leitner Dominique F. , Lin Ziyan , Sawaged Zacharia , Kanshin Evgeny , Friedman Daniel , Devore Sasha , Ueberheide Beatrix , Chang Julia W. , Mathern Gary W. , Anink Jasper J. , Aronica Eleonora , Wisniewski Thomas , Devinsky Orrin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to identify molecular mechanisms in brain tissue of Rasmussen encephalitis (RE) when compared to people with non‐RE epilepsy (PWE) and control cases using whole exome sequencing (WES), RNAseq, and proteomics.MethodsFrozen brain tissue (ages = 2–19 years) was obtained from control autopsy (n = 14), surgical PWE (n = 10), and surgical RE cases (n = 27). We evaluated WES variants in RE associated with epilepsy, seizures, RE, and human leukocyte antigens (HLAs). Differential expression was evaluated by RNAseq (adjusted p < .05) and label‐free quantitative mass spectrometry (false discovery rate < 5%) in the three groups.ResultsWES revealed no common pathogenic variants in RE, but several rare and likely deleterious variants of unknown significance (VUS; ANGPTL7/MTOR, SCN1A, FCGR3B, MTOR) and more common HLA VUS in >25% of RE cases (HLA‐DRB1, HLA‐DQA2), all with allele frequency < 5% in the general population. RNAseq in RE versus PWE (1516 altered transcripts) revealed significant activation of crosstalk between dendritic and natural killer cells (p = 7.94 × 10−6, z = 2.65), in RE versus control (7466 transcripts) neuroinflammation signaling activation (p = 6.31 × 10−13, z = 5.07), and in PWE versus control (945 transcripts) phagosome formation activation (p = 2.00 × 10−13, z = 5.61). Proteomics detected fewer altered targets.SignificanceIn RE, we identified activated immune signaling pathways and immune cell type annotation enrichment that suggest roles of the innate and adaptive immune responses, as well as HLA variants that may increase vulnerability to RE. Follow‐up studies could evaluate cell type density and subregional localization associated with top targets, clinical history (neuropathology, disease duration), and whether modulating crosstalk between dendritic and natural killer cells may limit disease progression.
Coral bleaching resistance variation is linked to differential mortality and skeletal growth during recovery
Authors: Walker Nia S. , Nestor Victor , Golbuu Yimnang , Palumbi Stephen R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe prevalence of global coral bleaching has focused much attention on the possibility of interventions to increase heat resistance. However, if high heat resistance is linked to fitness tradeoffs that may disadvantage corals in other areas, then a more holistic view of heat resilience may be beneficial. In particular, overall resilience of a species to heat stress is likely to be the product of both resistance to heat and recovery from heat stress. Here, we investigate heat resistance and recovery among individual Acropora hyacinthus colonies in Palau. We divided corals into low, moderate, and high heat resistance categories based on the number of days (4–9) needed to reach significant pigmentation loss due to experimental heat stress. Afterward, we deployed corals back onto a reef in a common garden 6‐month recovery experiment that monitored chlorophyll a, mortality, and skeletal growth. Heat resistance was negatively correlated with mortality during early recovery (0–1 month) but not late recovery (4–6 months), and chlorophyll a concentration recovered in heat‐stressed corals by 1‐month postbleaching. However, moderate‐resistance corals had significantly greater skeletal growth than high‐resistance corals by 4 months of recovery. High‐ and low‐resistance corals on average did not exhibit skeletal growth within the observed recovery period. These data suggest complex tradeoffs may exist between coral heat resistance and recovery and highlight the importance of incorporating multiple aspects of resilience into future reef management programs.
Novel approach for quantification for severity estimation of blight diseases on leaves of tomato plant
Authors: Charak Aahan Singh , Sinha Aditya , Jain Tarun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study uses digital image processing and machine learning to quantify the infection patterns on tomato leaves due to blight diseases. Quantification, also known as severity measurement, is a technique to determine how much a leaf is diseased by calculating a numeric value. This value could be a fraction representing how much the diseased region is present on the leaf compared to the entire leaf region, or it can be a percentage value too. There are two main approaches to measuring disease severity; the first technique involves visual estimation using references like standard area diagrams. The second approach involves taking a digital image of the leaf, separating the diseased regions from the healthy regions, and then calculating the area of those two regions. The approach we took is similar. We first took the digital image and segmented the diseased and healthy regions. For quantification, we calculated the ratio of total pixels representing the diseased region to the total number of pixels representing the leaf. While finding ways to improve the accuracy of the segmentation algorithm, we also discovered our segmentation technique which automatically segments the diseased regions of the leaves from the healthy areas using k‐means clustering. The clustering‐segmentation algorithm did give good results for the sample images to which it was applied. The main thing about the clustering‐segmentation algorithm is that it tends to be automatic compared to some of the semi‐automatic segmentation approaches that have been discovered till now. We could reproduce the validated quantification results as other authors achieved in the recent work, which also validated our methodology.
Accounting for anisotropic, anisothermal, and inelastic effects in crack initiation lifing of additively manufactured components
Authors: Lindström Thomas , Nilsson Daniel , Simonsson Kjell , Eriksson Robert , Lundgren Jan‐Erik , Leidermark Daniel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe crack initiation life of a ductile additively manufactured nickel‐based superalloy is studied and modeled for low‐cycle fatigue and thermomechanical fatigue conditions up to 600°C. Isothermal experiments were performed on smooth specimens at temperatures up to 600°C with different applied strain ranges. Additionally, thermomechanical fatigue experiments at 100–450°C and 100–600°C were performed on smooth specimens under in‐phase and out‐of‐phase conditions. A life prediction model accounting for the anisotropy was developed, where the temperature cycle is accounted with a
‐functionality, generating good agreements with the experiments. The model was also validated on notched specimens undergoing thermomechanical fatigue conditions at 100–500°C using simplified notch correction methods.
Patterns in aquatic metacommunities are associated with environmental and trait heterogeneity
Authors: He Siwen , Wang Beixin , Chen Kai , Soininen Janne 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Metacommunities are structured by a combination of different ecological factors that vary in their importance depending on environmental heterogeneity and species functional equivalence. However, empirical tests of such context‐dependence at regional scales are still missing.

We investigated associations between deterministic (e.g. environmental filtering and biotic interactions) and stochastic factors (e.g. dispersal related) and metacommunity structure of macroinvertebrates and diatoms across streams in four regions with contrasting levels of environmental and organismal trait heterogeneity.

Environmental filtering was most strongly associated with the region that showed moderate environmental heterogeneity and comprised communities with the highest trait heterogeneity. Associations with stochastic factors in the regions were more variable and difficult to predict. Environmental factors and the degree of genus‐level association were generally more strongly associated with macroinvertebrates than with diatoms, whereas stochastic factors had consistently lower influence on macroinvertebrates.

These results suggest that the degree to which deterministic versus stochastic factors influence aquatic metacommunities depends on environmental and trait heterogeneity. Furthermore, organismal characteristics such as dispersal potential, habitat specialisation and sensitivity to environmental variation can also generate considerable context dependency in metacommunity structure.
A two‐dimensional morphospace for cyanobacteria and microalgae: Morphological diversity, evolutionary relatedness, and size constraints
Authors: Borics Gábor , Várbíró Gábor , Falucskai János , Végvári Zsolt , T‐Krasznai Enikő , Görgényi Judit , B‐Béres Viktória , Lerf Verona 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Body metrics are considered as master traits that regulate physiological, behavioural and life history features of planktic cyanobacteria and microalgae. Although the distribution of their morphological traits reflects the various trade‐offs and strategies needed for survival in pelagic habitats, previous methods for quantifying phytoplankton body shape do not adequately represent the intricate details of surface variation that are so important for their nutrient‐ and light‐harvesting capabilities. Therefore, here we provide a new framework to quantify and illustrate the morphological diversity of cyanobacteria and microalgae.

Essential components of formulae used for surface area (A = Cs × d2) and volume (V = Cv × d3) calculations are provided by the shape‐specific surface area and volume constants (Cs, Cv). Cs, the surface shape factor, characterises the coarseness of the object surface, and Cv, the volumetric shape factor, characterises the shape deviation from a sphere. Using these morphologically and biologically relevant variables, we defined a two‐dimensional morphological space, in which all three‐dimensional objects have well‐defined positions.

By analysing morphologies of taxa representing various forms in major cyanobacterial and microalgal groups, we demonstrated that these groups show considerable differences in the area occupied within the morphospace and these differences are not affected by evolutionary relatedness. We showed that the ratio of surface and volume constants correlated with organism size, suggesting that the development of basic morphologies is constrained by their linear dimensions.

Using surface and volumetric shape factors, we created a two‐dimensional Euclidean morphospace in which all three‐dimensional objects have a specific position. Positioning uni‐ and multicellular cyanobacteria and microalgae of various shapes into this morphospace allows their geometrical and ecological limitations to be understood. Because of the close linkage between phytoplankton morphology and ecology, the proposed morphospace may serve as a proxy for an ecospace. Thus, in future the proposed morphospace can be used to visualise current ecological processes such as eutrophication or seasonal succession of phytoplankton.
Transformative enterprises: Characteristics and a definition
Authors: Hug Miriam , Mayer Heike , Seidl Irmi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper contributes to an emerging discussion about transformative enterprises, which are increasingly seen as change agents in sustainability transformations. Some scholars have hitherto described them as pioneering enterprises that strive for fundamental changes towards sustainability at different scales. Economic geography has, however, so far glossed over a micro‐perspective on such enterprises. In this paper, we define transformative enterprises in detail by systematically identifying and elaborating their characteristics and actions. We ask: What operationalizable characteristics that refer to transformative enterprises are discussed in the literature? How can we define transformative enterprises? Starting from a comprehensive literature review, we identify nine key dimensions of transformative enterprises that we specify with a set of indicators, and we then synthesize our finding with a definition. With this contribution, we further develop the concept of transformative enterprise in economic geography and show how it complements current conceptualizations of firm‐level agency and system‐level agency.
Random graph generator for leader and community detection in networks
Authors: Matos‐Junior Francisco J. , Ospina Raydonal , Silva Geiza 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn complex network analyses, mainly in social networks, the detection of communities is an important source of information for revealing an internal organization of nodes. On the other hand, if the network reveals a leadership structure, it is possible to understand the mechanisms of information dissemination on it. The detection of leaders and communities is a big challenge depending on the complexity level of the network. In the literature, there are some metaheuristic algorithms for detecting leaders and communities based on pattern recognition on the graph associated with the network. In this paper, we developed a random graph system to generate a synthetic network instance with leader and community structures that define a ground truth. We compare this ground truth to determine the performance of the algorithms LCDA 1 and LCDA 2 for detecting leaders and communities. The results corroborate that the benchmarking system would help in selecting useful configurations for practical applications.
Analysis of curative effect of insulin external application on burn wounds of diabetic patients with different depths
Authors: Yang Meng , Li Cuikun , Xue Xin , Wei Wei , Xing Liang , Feng Jianke , Zhang Qingfu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo explore the curative effect of insulin external application on burn wounds of diabetic patients with different depths. A retrospective analysis of 114 diabetic burn patients in the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University from June 2019 to June 2022. According to the different treatment methods, they were divided into study group (insulin therapy) and control group (conventional therapy) with 57 cases in each. The wound healing time, dressing changes, scar healing after wound healing and adverse events were compared between two groups. Pain level, serum inflammatory factors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and oxidative stress factors before and after treatment were compared. The wound healing time (17.23 ± 2.18 vs 20.31 ± 2.09 days) and the number of dressing changes (7.01 ± 1.23 vs 8.93 ± 1.32 times) in study group were significantly lower than those in control group (P < 0.05). Before treatment, there was no difference in pain level, VEGF, interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) between two groups (P > 0.05). However, the pain level, scar healing, IL‐1, TNF‐a and MDA in study group were significantly lower than those in control group after treatment (P < 0.05). And the VEGF and SOD in study group was significantly higher than that in control group (P < 0.05). External application of insulin can shorten the wound healing time of diabetic patients with different depths, reduce the number of dressing changes, promote scar healing after wound healing, relieve pain and reduce the level of inflammatory factors, which is worthy of clinical promotion.
Effective instruction conditions for educational robotics to develop programming ability of K‐12 students: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Sun Lihui , Zhou Danhua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAs one of the mainstream forms of programming education, educational robotics (ER) have been a crucial way to develop K‐12 students' programming ability.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to clarify the content of programming ability, to verify the effectiveness of ER as a teaching method to improve students' programming abilities and the conditions for more effective instructional design.MethodsThe method of meta‐analysis was adopted to conduct this study. 4180 K‐12 students from 36 studies with a total of 85 effect sizes were captured. Based on the contents of included literature, an ER programming ability model was put forward, which was composed of essential ability and generative ability. The meta‐analysis of essential ability (N = 22) and generative ability (N = 64) was carried out respectively.Results and conclusionThe results showed that ER activity has a positive effect on the essential ability (Hedges' g = 0.539 CI [0.327, 0.752], p < 0.001) and generative ability (Hedges' g = 0.535 CI [0.426, 0.643], p < 0.001). Additionally, the results of moderator analysis showed that utilizing ER to solve mathematics problems is able to more effectively develop students' essential ability, while the STEM interdisciplinary ER instruction had the largest effect on generative ability. Simultaneously, the individual programming form is conducive to students' essential ability, while the generative ability is significantly affected by the cooperative programming form. No matter for the evaluation of essential ability or generative ability, ER had the greatest effect on kindergarten children' programming ability. Moreover, the intervention duration ranging from 1 to 5 weeks, the samples size less than 50 and the choice of measurement scale can effectively improve students' programming ability.ImplicationsThis research enriched the theoretical basis of programming ability, and provided reference and guidance for K‐12 programming teaching practitioners and researchers in ER teaching design and practise.
Use of urinalysis during baseline diagnostics in dogs and cats: an open survey
Authors: Gibbs N. H. , Heseltine J. C. , Rishniw M. , Nabity M. B. 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesTo describe how veterinarians utilise and perform urinalyses for dogs and cats.Materials and MethodsA survey, developed and distributed through the Veterinary Information Network, enlisted veterinarians who perform urinalyses for dogs and cats. Participants were directed to question banks based on whether urinalyses were performed in‐house, by an outside diagnostic laboratory, or using an in‐house automated instrument. Participants using multiple methods were directed to questions that related to the chosen methods.ResultsA total of 1059 predominantly first‐opinion clinicians from the USA and Canada completed the survey. Participants performed urinalyses much less frequently than blood work during a routine examination. The most common factors preventing participants from performing a urinalysis with blood work included clients' financial constraints, difficulty obtaining urine and lack of perceived diagnostic need. The most common reasons for submission to a diagnostic laboratory included efficiency, more trusted results and convenience. Speed of obtaining results was the most common reason for performing urinalyses in‐house. Of the participants who performed in‐house urinalyses, fewer always performed a manual sediment examination (79%) as compared with urine‐specific gravity (99%) and manual dipstick (87%).Clinical SignificanceThis survey documents that urinalysis is often not used in senior patients as recommended by recent clinical guidelines for dogs and cats which can result in decreased diagnosis and impaired management of subclinical disease. There is significant variability in urinalysis methods despite veterinary guidelines promoting standardisation, and this could lead to inaccurate results.
Migratory behaviour is positively associated with genetic diversity in butterflies
Authors: García‐Berro Aurora , Talla Venkat , Vila Roger , Wai Hong Kar , Shipilina Daria , Chan Kok Gan , Pierce Naomi E. , Backström Niclas , Talavera Gerard 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMigration is typically associated with risk and uncertainty at the population level, but little is known about its cost–benefit trade‐offs at the species level. Migratory insects in particular often exhibit strong demographic fluctuations due to local bottlenecks and outbreaks. Here, we use genomic data to investigate levels of heterozygosity and long‐term population size dynamics in migratory insects, as an alternative to classical local and short‐term approaches such as regional field monitoring. We analyse whole‐genome sequences from 97 Lepidoptera species and show that individuals of migratory species have significantly higher levels of genome‐wide heterozygosity, a proxy for effective population size, than do nonmigratory species. Also, we contribute whole‐genome data for one of the most emblematic insect migratory species, the painted lady butterfly (Vanessa cardui), sampled across its worldwide distributional range. This species exhibits one of the highest levels of genomic heterozygosity described in Lepidoptera (2.95 ± 0.15%). Coalescent modelling (PSMC) shows historical demographic stability inV. cardui, and high effective population size estimates of 2–20 million individuals 10,000 years ago. The study reveals that the high risks associated with migration and local environmental fluctuations do not seem to decrease overall genetic diversity and demographic stability in migratory Lepidoptera. We propose a “compensatory” demographic model for migratory r‐strategist organisms in which local bottlenecks are counterbalanced by reproductive success elsewhere within their typically large distributional ranges. Our findings highlight that the boundaries of populations are substantially different for sedentary and migratory insects, and that, in the latter, local and even regional field monitoring results may not reflect whole population dynamics. Genomic diversity patterns may elucidate key aspects of an insect's migratory nature and population dynamics at large spatiotemporal scales.