bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of emergency pediatric breast ultrasound interpretations and management recommendations between pediatric radiologists and breast imaging radiologists
Authors: Nguyen Derek L. , Ambinder Emily B. , Mullen Lisa A. , Oluyemi Eniola T. , Dunn Emily A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Pediatric patients with breast-related symptoms often initially present to the emergency department for evaluation. While pediatric radiologists are accustomed to evaluating acute infectious and traumatic etiologies, they may be less familiar with breast-specific findings. This study compares management recommendations of pediatric breast ultrasounds performed in the emergency setting between pediatric and breast imaging radiologists.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study reviewed data from all pediatric breast ultrasounds performed in the emergency setting from a single academic institution from 1/1/14 to 12/31/19. During the study period, 12 pediatric radiologists with experience ranging from 1 to 33 years interpreted pediatric breast ultrasounds. Three breast imaging radiologists (with 3, 8, and 25 years of experience) retrospectively reviewed each case and recorded whether further management was recommended. Differences in recommendations were compared using Fisher’s exact test. Cohen’s kappa was used to assess agreement between subspecialty radiologists.

Results
This study included 75 pediatric patients, with mean age 13 ± 5.6 years and malignancy rate of 1.3% (1/75). Pediatric radiologists and the most experienced breast imaging radiologist had moderate agreement in management recommendations (k = 0.54). There was no significant difference in recommendations for further management between pediatric radiologists (22/75 [29.3%]) and the most experienced breast imaging radiologist (15/75 [20.0%]), p = 0.26.

Conclusion
Recommendations for pediatric breast complaints in the emergency setting are comparable between subspecialties.
Workplace gossip and the evolution of friendship relations: the role of complex contagion
Authors: Estévez José Luis , Wittek Rafael , Giardini Francesca , Ellwardt Lea , Krause Robert W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGossip is a pervasive phenomenon in organizations causing many individuals to have second-hand information about their colleagues. However, whether it is used to inform friendship choices (i.e., friendship creation, friendship maintenance, friendship discontinuation) is not that evident. This paper articulates and empirically tests a complex contagion model to explain how gossip, through its reputational effects, can affect the evolution of friendship ties. We argue that hearing gossip from more than a single sender (and about several targets) impacts receivers’ friendships with the gossip targets. Hypotheses are tested in a two-wave sociometric panel study among 148 employees in a Dutch childcare organization. Stochastic actor-oriented models reveal positive gossip favors receiver-target friendships, whereas negative gossip inhibits them. We also find evidence supporting that, for damaging relationships, negative gossip needs to originate in more than a single sender. Positive gossip about a high number of targets discourages friendships with colleagues in general, while negative gossip about many targets produces diverging trends. Overall, the study demonstrates that second-hand information influences the evolution of expressive relations. It also underscores the need to refine and extend current theorizing concerning the multiple (and potentially competing) psychological mechanisms causing some of the observed effects.
Maternal pregnancy-related infections and autism spectrum disorder—the genetic perspective
Authors: Nudel Ron , Thompson Wesley K. , Børglum Anders D. , Hougaard David M. , Mortensen Preben B. , Werge Thomas , Nordentoft Merete , Benros Michael E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) refers to a group of neurodevelopmental disorders which include deficits in behavior, social interaction and communication. ASD has a complex genetic architecture, and it is also influenced by certain environmental exposures. Both types of predisposing factors may be related to immunological mechanisms, involving, for example, immune system genes and infections. Past studies have shown an association between infections occurring during the pregnancy in the mother and increased risk of ASD in the child, an observation which has received recent support from experimental animal studies of ASD-like behavior. The aim of this study was to study the genetic contribution to this effect. We employed genetic correlation analyses across potential ASD subtypes stratified on the basis of maternal pregnancy-related infections within the iPSYCH ASD case-cohort sample, as well as a case-case GWAS. We validated the trends of the genetic correlation analyses observed in our sample using GWAS summary statistics from the PGC ASD study (excluding iPSYCH). The genetic correlation between ASD with a history of maternal pregnancy-related infections and ASD without a history of maternal infections in iPSYCH was rg = 0.3811. We obtained a similar estimate between the former and the PGC ASD phenotype (rg = 0.3997). Both estimates are lower compared to the genetic correlation between ASD without a history of maternal infections and the PGC ASD phenotype (rg = 0.6735), and between ASD with a history of maternal infections occurring only more than 2 months following childbirth and the PGC ASD phenotype (rg = 0.6293). Additionally, we observed genetic variance between the two main ASD phenotypes using summary statistics from the case-case GWAS in iPSYCH (h2cc = 0.1059), indicating genome-wide differences between the phenotypes. Our results suggest potentially different etiologies of ASD based on a history of maternal pregnancy-related infections, which may, in part, be genetic. This highlights the relevance of maternal pregnancy-related infections to genetic studies of ASD and provides new insights into the molecular underpinnings of ASD.
Phenotypically-defined stages of leukemia arrest predict main driver mutations subgroups, and outcome in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Vergez François , Largeaud Laetitia , Bertoli Sarah , Nicolau Marie-Laure , Rieu Jean-Baptiste , Vergnolle Inès , Saland Estelle , Sarry Audrey , Tavitian Suzanne , Huguet Françoise , Picard Muriel , Vial Jean-Philippe , Lechevalier Nicolas , Bidet Audrey , Dumas Pierre-Yves , Pigneux Arnaud , Luquet Isabelle , Mansat-De Mas Véronique , Delabesse Eric , Carroll Martin , Danet-Desnoyers Gwenn , Sarry Jean-Emmanuel , Récher Christian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractClassifications of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients rely on morphologic, cytogenetic, and molecular features. Here we have established a novel flow cytometry-based immunophenotypic stratification showing that AML blasts are blocked at specific stages of differentiation where features of normal myelopoiesis are preserved. Six stages of leukemia differentiation-arrest categories based on CD34, CD117, CD13, CD33, MPO, and HLA-DR expression were identified in two independent cohorts of 2087 and 1209 AML patients. Hematopoietic stem cell/multipotent progenitor-like AMLs display low proliferation rate, inv(3) or RUNX1 mutations, and high leukemic stem cell frequency as well as poor outcome, whereas granulocyte–monocyte progenitor-like AMLs have CEBPA mutations, RUNX1-RUNX1T1 or CBFB-MYH11 translocations, lower leukemic stem cell frequency, higher chemosensitivity, and better outcome. NPM1 mutations correlate with most mature stages of leukemia arrest together with TET2 or IDH mutations in granulocyte progenitors-like AML or with DNMT3A mutations in monocyte progenitors-like AML. Overall, we demonstrate that AML is arrested at specific stages of myeloid differentiation (SLA classification) that significantly correlate with AML genetic lesions, clinical presentation, stem cell properties, chemosensitivity, response to therapy, and outcome.
No evidence of moral licensing in a laboratory bribe-taking task
Authors: Bahník Štěpán , Vranka Marek 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMoral licensing posits that previous moral acts increase the probability of behaving immorally in the future. According to this perspective, rejecting bribes, even because they are too small, would create a kind of “license” for taking (presumably larger) bribes in the future. On the other hand, the desire for consistency in behavior predicts that previous rejection of bribes will increase the probability of rejection for bribes offered in the future. Using a laboratory task modeling the decision to take a bribe, we examined how resisting and succumbing to the temptation to take a bribe affects later bribe-taking. Participants (N = 297) were offered either low bribes first and high bribes later or vice versa. Low bribes were in general rejected more often and the results showed some weak, nonsignificant evidence that bribe-taking may be influenced by the order of the sizes of offered bribes. However, there was no evidence of an increased probability of taking bribes after being offered the low bribes first and thus no evidence in support of the moral licensing effect.
Cross-calibration of two dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry devices for the measurement of body composition in young children
Authors: Lyons-Reid Jaz , Kenealy Timothy , Albert Benjamin B. , Ward Kate A. , Harvey Nicholas , Godfrey Keith M. , Chan Shiao-Yng , Cutfield Wayne S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to cross-calibrate body composition measures from the GE Lunar Prodigy and GE Lunar iDXA in a cohort of young children. 28 children (mean age 3.4 years) were measured on the iDXA followed by the Prodigy. Prodigy scans were subsequently reanalysed using enCORE v17 enhanced analysis (“Prodigy enhanced”). Body composition parameters were compared across three evaluation methods (Prodigy, Prodigy enhanced, iDXA), and adjustment equations were developed. There were differences in the three evaluation methods for all body composition parameters. Body fat percentage (%BF) from the iDXA was approximately 1.5-fold greater than the Prodigy, whereas bone mineral density (BMD) was approximately 20% lower. Reanalysis of Prodigy scans with enhanced software attenuated these differences (%BF: − 5.2% [95% CI − 3.5, − 6.8]; and BMD: 1.0% [95% CI 0.0, 1.9]), although significant differences remained for all parameters except total body less head (TBLH) total mass and TBLH BMD, and some regional estimates. There were large differences between the Prodigy and iDXA, with these differences related both to scan resolution and software. Reanalysis of Prodigy scans with enhanced analysis resulted in body composition values much closer to those obtained on the iDXA, although differences remained. As manufacturers update models and software, researchers and clinicians need to be aware of the impact this may have on the longitudinal assessment of body composition, as results may not be comparable across devices and software versions.
Multiple sclerosis diagnosis and phenotype identification by multivariate classification of in vivo frontal cortex metabolite profiles
Authors: Swanberg Kelley M. , Kurada Abhinav V. , Prinsen Hetty , Juchem Christoph 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease for which diagnosis continues to rely on subjective clinical judgment over a battery of tests. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) enables the noninvasive in vivo detection of multiple small-molecule metabolites and is therefore in principle a promising means of gathering information sufficient for multiple sclerosis diagnosis and subtype classification. Here we show that supervised classification using1H-MRS-visible normal-appearing frontal cortex small-molecule metabolites alone can indeed differentiate individuals with progressive MS from control (held-out validation sensitivity 79% and specificity 68%), as well as between relapsing and progressive MS phenotypes (held-out validation sensitivity 84% and specificity 74%). Post hoc assessment demonstrated the disproportionate contributions of glutamate and glutamine to identifying MS status and phenotype, respectively. Our finding establishes1H MRS as a viable means of characterizing progressive multiple sclerosis disease status and paves the way for continued refinement of this method as an auxiliary or mainstay of multiple sclerosis diagnostics.
Self-sustained non-equilibrium co-existence of fluid and solid states in a strongly coupled complex plasma system
Authors: Hariprasad M. G. , Bandyopadhyay P. , Nikolaev V. S. , Kolotinskii D. A. , Arumugam S. , Arora G. , Singh S. , Sen A. , Timofeev A. V. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA complex (dusty) plasma system is well known as a paradigmatic model for studying the kinetics of solid-liquid phase transitions in inactive condensed matter. At the same time, under certain conditions a complex plasma system can also display characteristics of an active medium with the micron-sized particles converting energy of the ambient environment into motility and thereby becoming active. We present a detailed analysis of the experimental complex plasmas system that shows evidence of a non-equilibrium stationary coexistence between a cold crystalline and a hot fluid state in the structure due to the conversion of plasma energy into the motion energy of microparticles in the central region of the system. The plasma mediated non-reciprocal interaction between the dust particles is the underlying mechanism for the enormous heating of the central subsystem, and it acts as a micro-scale energy source that keeps the central subsystem in the molten state. Accurate multiscale simulations of the system based on combined molecular dynamics and particle-in-cell approaches show that strong structural nonuniformity of the system under the action of electostatic trap makes development of instabilities a local process. We present both experimental tests conducted with a complex plasmas system in a DC glow discharge plasma and a detailed theoretical analysis.
Human ankle joint movements during walking are probably not determined by talar morphology
Authors: Wolf Peter , Moor Roman , Lundberg Arne , Nester Christopher , Arndt Anton , Graf Eveline 
Published: August 2022

AbstractKnowledge about the orientation of a representative ankle joint axis is limited to studies of tarsal morphology and of quasistatic movements. The aim of our study was therefore to determine the development of the axis orientation during walking. Intracortical bone pins were used to monitor the kinematics of the talus and tibia of five healthy volunteers. The finite helical axis was determined for moving windows of 10% stance phase and its orientation reported if the rotation about the axis was more than 2°. A representative axis for ankle dorsi- and plantarflexion was also estimated based on tarsal morphology. As reported by literature, the morphology-based axis was inclined more medially upwards for dorsiflexion than for plantarflexion. However, when a mean of the finite helical axis orientations was calculated for each walking trial for dorsiflexion (stance phase 15–25%) and for plantarflexion (stance phase 85–95%), the inclination was less medially upwards in dorsiflexion than in plantarflexion in four out of five participants. Thus, it appears that the inclination of a representative ankle joint axis for dynamic loading situations cannot be estimated from either morphology or quasi-static experiments. Future studies assessing muscle activity, ligament behaviour and articulating surfaces may help to identify the determining factors for the orientation of a representative ankle joint axis.
In-vivo pharmacokinetic studies of Dolutegravir loaded spray dried Chitosan nanoparticles as milk admixture for paediatrics infected with HIV
Authors: K Priya Dharshini , D Ramya Devi , S Banudevi , B. Narayanan Vedha Hari 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDolutegravir (DTG) is an antiretroviral drug approved in the year 2013, and being categorized as a BCS-II molecule, it possesses solubility issues. In order to enhance the solubility and improve its bioavailability, DTG-loaded Chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized utilizing spray drying technology. The developed nanoformulation was characterized for its physicochemical properties and investigated for the feasibility of its administration through an oral route along with milk/food as an admixture for paediatric antiretroviral therapy. The in vivo oral bioavailability studies were conducted in Balb-C mice, where the animals were treated with the selected formulation of DTG-loaded Chitosan NPs and compared to pure DTG. The NPs exhibited 2.5-fold increase in the Cmax (77.54 ± 7.93 μg/mL) when compared to the pure DTG (30.15 ± 8.06 μg/mL). This phenomenon was further reflected by the improved bioavailability of DTG (AUC: 678.3 ± 10.07 μg/h/mL) in the NPs administered to mice when compared to the AUC of animals administered with pure DTG (405.29 ± 7 μg/h/mL). Altogether, the research findings showed that Chitosan-based NPs were ideal carriers for oral administration of DTG along with milk and exhibited great potential to enhance the bioavailability of the drug and treatment adherence for paediatric HIV patients.
A Pleistocene Fight Club revealed by the palaeobiological study of the Dama-like deer record from Pantalla (Italy)
Authors: Cherin Marco , Breda Marzia , Esattore Bruno , Hart Vlastimil , Turek Jiří , Porciello Francesco , Angeli Giovanni , Holpin Sofia , Iurino Dawid A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHere, we report on the exceptionally well-preserved deer record from the locality of Pantalla (central Italy), dated in the Early Pleistocene (ca. 2.1–2.0 million years ago). The fossils show a combination of characters that allows an unambiguous attribution to ‘Pseudodama’ nestii, of which they represent one of the most informative collections to date. Our comparisons—also conducted through CT-based methods on endocranial structures—reveal that the cranial and postcranial skeleton of ‘P.’ nestii displays a mosaic of intermediate characters between extant Dama and Cervus, but also that the affinities with Dama are prevalent. Some Cervus-like features especially in cranial morphology, can be interpreted as plesiomorphic characters supporting a basal position of ‘Pseudodama’ among the Cervini. Interestingly, three bone anomalies are described in the two male crania of ‘P.’ nestii from Pantalla and are interpreted as palaeotraumatological evidence resulting from different injuries suffered by the deer during their life. This allows opening a treasure trove of information on paleobiological aspects, including ontogeny and antler cycle and function.
S-Pred: protein structural property prediction using MSA transformer
Authors: Hong Yiyu , Song Jinung , Ko Junsu , Lee Juyong , Shin Woong-Hee 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPredicting the local structural features of a protein from its amino acid sequence helps its function prediction to be revealed and assists in three-dimensional structural modeling. As the sequence-structure gap increases, prediction methods have been developed to bridge this gap. Additionally, as the size of the structural database and computing power increase, the performance of these methods have also significantly improved. Herein, we present a powerful new tool called S-Pred, which can predict eight-state secondary structures (SS8), accessible surface areas (ASAs), and intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) from a given sequence. For feature prediction, S-Pred uses multiple sequence alignment (MSA) of a query sequence as an input. The MSA input is converted to features by the MSA Transformer, which is a protein language model that uses an attention mechanism. A long short-term memory (LSTM) was employed to produce the final prediction. The performance of S-Pred was evaluated on several test sets, and the program consistently provided accurate predictions. The accuracy of the SS8 prediction was approximately 76%, and the Pearson’s correlation between the experimental and predicted ASAs was 0.84. Additionally, an IDR could be accurately predicted with an F1-score of 0.514. The program is freely available athttps://github.com/arontier/S_Pred_Paperandhttps://ad3.ioas a code and a web server.
Multi‐criteria techno‐economic analysis of solar photovoltaic/wind hybrid power systems under temperate continental climate
Authors: Liu Gang , Zeng Jie , Wu Yanjie , Liao Shengming 
Published: August 2022

AbstractClimate conditions significantly affect the energy conversion behaviour of solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine (WT) power systems. However, the quantified relationship between the systems performance and regional climate data remains unclear. This study aims to reveal the techno‐economic performance of renewable power systems under temperate continental climate based on a multi‐criteria analysis. Through simulating the systems’ long‐term operation by collecting the local meteorological data and equipment costs as inputs, solar photovoltaic/wind hybrid renewable power systems in fourteen representative cities of Xinjiang province were assessed and optimized. The results show that there is an obvious linear correlation between technical and economic indicators and solar radiation or wind speed, and the fitting effects with wind speed are always better. In Xinjiang, photovoltaic systems in almost all cities have satisfactory technical and economic performance, but the wind power systems in most cities are not profitable and even lead to unpleasant investment losses. Sensitivity analysis shows that both climatic conditions and feed‐in tariff have a negative impact on the system costs. These findings obtained from this study would provide theoretical support for further rationally enhancing penetration for renewable energy generation in contemporary distribution networks.
Frequency stabilization of a hybrid three‐area power system equipped with energy storage units and renewable energy sources
Authors: Elsaied Mohamed Mostafa , Abdel Hameed Walid Helmy , Hasanien Hany M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a three‐area system tied together with tie lines. During the intervals of power mismatch, the system frequency deviates beyond the nominal value with an oscillatory response and the system may go to instability mode. The main purpose of the control strategy is optimizing the frequency fluctuations of the three areas and the deviations in the three tie line powers. This is achieved by three controllers as follows: the Tilt‐Integral‐Derivative (TID) controller, the Fractional Order Proportional‐Integral‐Derivative (FOPID), and the Proportional‐Integral‐Derivative (PID) controller. The three controllers are optimized by a new metaheuristic optimization algorithm based on the jellyfish behaviour in the ocean called the Jellyfish Search (JS) Optimizer. To prove the algorithm validity, it is compared with previous optimization techniques that have been applied to the study field such as Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm and Genetic Algorithm (GA). Furthermore, renewable energy sources are implemented in the system such as wind energy and photovoltaic based on real data. Finally, energy storage devices (ESDs) like superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), capacitor energy storage (CES), and battery energy storage (BES) are implemented to improve the system behaviour due to the intermittent behaviour in the renewable sources.