bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anorectal Testing for Mpox Virus Infection in Men Who Have Sex With Men With and Without Proctitis
Authors: Meyerowitz Eric A , Gendlina Inessa , Desai Vimi J , Grossberg Robert , Nair Singh R , Pujar Beendu , Riska Paul F , Root Heather B , Toro Justin , Torres Julian A , Pirofski Liise-anne , Zingman Barry S 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe performed anorectal testing in 18 cis-gender men who have sex with men with symptoms consistent with mpox virus (MPXV) infection. We found rectal MPXV DNA in 9/9 with and 7/9 without proctitis. Future study of anorectal testing is needed and may inform the diagnosis and pathogenesis of MPXV disease.
MALDI–TOF–MS for Rapid Screening and Typing of β-Globin Variant and β-Thalassemia through Direct Measurements of Intact Globin Chains
Authors: Zhang Qianqian , Wang Ge , Sun Dehui , Lin Wanying , Yan Tizhen , Wu Yuanjun , Wu Meiying , Chen Jianhong , Zou Shaomin , Xie Wenchun , Zhou Yuqiu , Wang Yuxi , He Linlin , Liu Yanhui , Qiu Zhenxiong , Hu Lingling , Lin Bin , Zhou Xiaoguang , Li Yan , Xu Xiangmin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Traditional phenotype-based screening for β-globin variant and β-thalassemia using hematological parameters is time-consuming with low-resolution detection. Development of a MALDI–TOF–MS assay using alternative markers is needed.

Methods
We constructed a MALDI–TOF–MS-based approach for identifying various β-globin disorders and classifying thalassemia major (TM) and thalassemia intermedia (TI) patients using 901 training samples with known HBB/HBA genotypes. We then validated the accuracy of population screening and clinical classification in 2 separate cohorts consisting of 16 172 participants and 201 β-thalassemia patients. Traditional methods were used as controls. Genetic tests were considered the gold standard for testing positive specimens.

Results
We established a prediction model for identifying different forms of β-globin disorders in a single MALDI–TOF–MS test based on δ- to β-globin, γ- to α-globin, γ- to β-globin ratios, and/or the abnormal globin-chain patterns. Our validation study yielded comparable results of clinical specificity (99.89% vs 99.71%), and accuracy (99.78% vs 99.16%) between the new assay and traditional methods but higher clinical sensitivity for the new method (97.52% vs 88.01%). The new assay identified 22 additional abnormal hemoglobins in 69 individuals including 9 novel ones, and accurately screened for 9 carriers of deletional hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin or δβ-thalassemia. TM and TI were well classified in 178 samples out of 201 β-thalassemia patients.

Conclusions
MALDI–TOF–MS is a highly accurate, predictive tool that could be suitable for large-scale screening and clinical classification of β-globin disorders.
Mental wellbeing among Danish employees during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from a longitudinal study on the role of industry and working environment
Authors: Nielsen Maj Britt Dahl , Ekholm Ola , Møller Sanne Pagh , Ersbøll Annette Kjær , Santini Ziggi Ivan , Grønbæk Morten Klöcker , Thygesen Lau Caspar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on working life. Previous studies have primarily focused on the mental health and wellbeing of healthcare workers and are mostly based on cross-sectional data from non-representative samples. The aim of this study was to investigate mental wellbeing trajectories among employees from different industries, and to longitudinally identify factors that affect mental wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic, including job insecurity, fear of COVID-19, working from home or being discharged with wage compensation and management quality.

Methods
Baseline data were obtained from the Danish Health and Wellbeing Survey in 2019 (September–December), with follow-up in September–November 2020. We included 1995 respondents, who completed the questionnaire in both waves and were employed in 2020 and measured mental wellbeing using the Short Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale.

Results
Mental wellbeing declined among employees in all industries. Employees working from home and employees unsatisfied with management experienced a greater decline in mental wellbeing. We found no differences in mental wellbeing trajectories in relation to fear of infecting others or contracting COVID-19, job insecurity and being discharged with wage compensation.

Conclusions
Mental wellbeing declined among employees in all industries with no difference between industries. Employees working from home may have been particularly vulnerable, and the analyses show that managers play a key role in mitigating the negative consequences of the pandemic by ensuring adequate information and involvement of employees.
Prime Order Isometries of Unimodular Lattices and Automorphisms of IHS Manifolds
Authors: Brandhorst Simon , Cattaneo Alberto 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We characterize conjugacy classes of isometries of odd prime order in unimodular ${\mathbb {Z}}$-lattices. This is applied to give a complete classification of odd prime order non-symplectic automorphisms of the known deformation types of irreducible holomorphic symplectic manifolds up to deformation and birational conjugacy.
Transforming and evaluating the UK Biobank to the OMOP Common Data Model for COVID-19 research and beyond
Authors: Papez Vaclav , Moinat Maxim , Voss Erica A , Bazakou Sofia , Van Winzum Anne , Peviani Alessia , Payralbe Stefan , Lara Elena Garcia , Kallfelz Michael , Asselbergs Folkert W , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel , Dobson Richard J B , Denaxas Spiros 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has demonstrated the value of real-world data for public health research. International federated analyses are crucial for informing policy makers. Common data models (CDMs) are critical for enabling these studies to be performed efficiently. Our objective was to convert the UK Biobank, a study of 500 000 participants with rich genetic and phenotypic data to the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) CDM.Materials and MethodsWe converted UK Biobank data to OMOP CDM v. 5.3. We transformedparticipant research data on diseases collected at recruitment and electronic health records (EHRs) from primary care, hospitalizations, cancer registrations, and mortality from providers in England, Scotland, and Wales. We performed syntactic and semantic validations and compared comorbidities and risk factors between source and transformed data.ResultsWe identified 502 505 participants (3086 with COVID-19) and transformed 690 fields (1 373 239 555 rows) to the OMOP CDM using 8 different controlled clinical terminologies and bespoke mappings. Specifically, we transformed self-reported noncancer illnesses 946 053 (83.91% of all source entries), cancers 37 802 (70.81%), medications 1 218 935 (88.25%), and prescriptions 864 788 (86.96%). In EHR, we transformed 13 028 182 (99.95%) hospital diagnoses, 6 465 399 (89.2%) procedures, 337 896 333 primary care diagnoses (CTV3, SNOMED-CT), 139 966 587 (98.74%) prescriptions (dm+d) and 77 127 (99.95%) deaths (ICD-10). We observed good concordance across demographic, risk factor, and comorbidity factors between source and transformed data.Discussion and ConclusionOur study demonstrated that the OMOP CDM can be successfully leveraged to harmonize complex large-scale biobanked studies combining rich multimodal phenotypic data. Our study uncovered several challenges when transforming data from questionnaires to the OMOP CDM which require further research. The transformed UK Biobank resource is a valuable tool that can enable federated research, like COVID-19 studies.
Cytokinin modulates the metabolic network of sulfur and glutathione
Authors: Pavlů Jaroslav , Kerchev Pavel , Černý Martin , Novák Jan , Berka Miroslav , Jobe Timothy O , López Ramos José Maria , Saiz-Fernández Iñigo , Rashotte Aaron Michael , Kopriva Stanislav , Brzobohatý Břetislav 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The phytohormone cytokinin is implicated in a range of growth, developmental, and defense processes. A growing body of evidence supports a crosstalk between cytokinin and nutrient signaling pathways, such as nitrate availability. Cytokinin signaling regulates sulfur-responsive gene expression, but the underlying molecular mechanisms and their impact on sulfur-containing metabolites have not been systematically explored. Using a combination of genetic and pharmacological tools, we investigated the interplay between cytokinin signaling and sulfur homeostasis. Exogenous cytokinin triggered sulfur starvation-like gene expression accompanied by a decrease in sulfate and glutathione content. This process was uncoupled from the activity of the major transcriptional regulator of sulfate starvation signaling SULFUR LIMITATION 1 and an important glutathione-degrading enzyme, γ-glutamyl cyclotransferase 2;1, expression of which was robustly up-regulated by cytokinin. Conversely, glutathione accumulation was observed in mutants lacking the cytokinin receptor ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE KINASE 3 and in cytokinin-deficient plants. Cytokinin-deficient plants displayed improved root growth upon exposure to glutathione-depleting chemicals which was attributed to a higher capacity to maintain glutathione levels. These results shed new light on the interplay between cytokinin signaling and sulfur homeostasis. They position cytokinin as an important modulator of sulfur uptake, assimilation, and remobilization in plant defense against xenobiotics and root growth.
Emergence of Novel RNA-Editing Sites by Changes in the Binding Affinity of a Conserved PPR Protein
Authors: Loiacono F Vanessa , Walther Dirk , Seeger Stefanie , Thiele Wolfram , Gerlach Ines , Karcher Daniel , Schöttler Mark Aurel , Zoschke Reimo , Bock Ralph 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
RNA editing converts cytidines to uridines in plant organellar transcripts. Editing typically restores codons for conserved amino acids. During evolution, specific C-to-U editing sites can be lost from some plant lineages by genomic C-to-T mutations. By contrast, the emergence of novel editing sites is less well documented. Editing sites are recognized by pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins with high specificity. RNA recognition by PPR proteins is partially predictable, but prediction is often inadequate for PPRs involved in RNA editing. Here we have characterized evolution and recognition of a recently gained editing site. We demonstrate that changes in the RNA recognition motifs that are not explainable with the current PPR code allow an ancient PPR protein, QED1, to uniquely target the ndhB-291 site in Brassicaceae. When expressed in tobacco, the Arabidopsis QED1 edits 33 high-confident off-target sites in chloroplasts and mitochondria causing a spectrum of mutant phenotypes. By manipulating the relative expression levels of QED1 and ndhB-291, we show that the target specificity of the PPR protein depends on the RNA:protein ratio. Finally, our data suggest that the low expression levels of PPR proteins are necessary to ensure the specificity of editing site selection and prevent deleterious off-target editing.
Modified scarf osteotomy with capsular interposition as salvage for resection or silicone implant arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A report of three cases
Authors: Noguchi Takaaki , Hirao Makoto , Tsuji Shigeyoshi , Ebina Kosuke , Etani Yuki , Tsuboi Hideki , Okamura Gensuke , Akita Shosuke , Okada Seiji , Hashimoto Jun 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTThis study investigated modified scarf osteotomy as a salvage procedure after resection arthroplasty or silicone implant arthroplasty to preserve mobility of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint after hallux valgus surgery in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We investigated three feet with rheumatoid forefoot deformities that showed recurrence of forefoot deformity or breakage of the implant after resection or silicone implant arthroplasty in the first MTP joint. All feet were treated using modified scarf osteotomy with capsular interposition. All cases achieved obvious correction after modified scarf osteotomy despite resection of the first MTP joint and consequently showed both radiographic and clinical improvements. Modified scarf osteotomy offers potential as a definitive salvage procedure after resection arthroplasty or silicone implant arthroplasty for forefoot deformity in patients with RA, because the procedure can realign the first MTP joint obviously with preservation of the range of motion. Concomitant medial capsular interposition into the newly formed first MTP joint is also recommended where possible, to protect the edges of the proximal basal phalanx and distal first metatarsal and also to smoothen the motion of newly formed first MTP joint.
Variation in plant Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor domain protein dependence on ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1
Authors: Johanndrees Oliver , Baggs Erin L , Uhlmann Charles , Locci Federica , Läßle Henriette L , Melkonian Katharina , Käufer Kiara , Dongus Joram A , Nakagami Hirofumi , Krasileva Ksenia V , Parker Jane E , Lapin Dmitry 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains are integral to immune systems across all kingdoms. In plants, TIRs are present in nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors, NLR-like, and TIR-only proteins. Although TIR-NLR and TIR signaling in plants require the ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1) protein family, TIRs persist in species that have no EDS1 members. To assess whether particular TIR groups evolved with EDS1, we searched for TIR-EDS1 co-occurrence patterns. Using a large-scale phylogenetic analysis of TIR domains from 39 algal and land plant species, we identified 4 TIR families that are shared by several plant orders. One group occurred in TIR-NLRs of eudicots and another in TIR-NLRs across eudicots and magnoliids. Two further groups were more widespread. A conserved TIR-only group co-occurred with EDS1 and members of this group elicit EDS1-dependent cell death. In contrast, a maize (Zea mays) representative of TIR proteins with tetratricopeptide repeats was also present in species without EDS1 and induced EDS1-independent cell death. Our data provide a phylogeny-based plant TIR classification and identify TIRs that appear to have evolved with and are dependent on EDS1, while others have EDS1-independent activity.
Development of Genome-Driven, Lifestyle-Informed Markers for Identification of the Cereal-Infecting Pathogens Xanthomonas translucens Pathovars undulosa and translucens
Authors: Román-Reyna Verónica , Curland Rebecca D. , Velez-Negron Yesenia , Ledman Kristi E. , Gutierrez-Castillo Diego E. , Beutler Jonathan , Butchacas Jules , Brar Gurcharn Singh , Roberts Robyn , Dill-Macky Ruth , Jacobs Jonathan M. 
Published: October 2022

Bacterial leaf streak, bacterial blight, and black chaff caused by Xanthomonas translucens pathovars are major diseases affecting small grains. Xanthomonas translucens pv. translucens and X. translucens pv. undulosa are seedborne pathogens that cause similar symptoms on barley, but only X. translucens pv. undulosa causes bacterial leaf streak of wheat. Recent outbreaks of X. translucens have been a concern for wheat and barley growers in the Northern Great Plains; however, there are limited diagnostic tools for pathovar differentiation. We developed a multiplex PCR based on whole-genome differences to distinguish X. translucens pv. translucens and X. translucens pv. undulosa. We validated the primers across different Xanthomonas and non- Xanthomonas strains. To our knowledge, this is the first multiplex PCR to distinguish X. translucens pv. translucens and X. translucens pv. undulosa. These molecular tools will support disease management strategies enabling detection and pathovar incidence analysis of X. translucens. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
OPHTHALMOLOGIC INVOLVEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH HEREDITARY TRANSTHYRETIN AMYLOIDOSIS
Authors: Ruiz-Medrano Jorge , Puertas Mariluz , Almazán-Alonso Elena , Fernández-Jiménez Marina , Flores-Moreno Ignacio , Antón Clara Salas , García-Pavía Pablo , Ruiz-Moreno José M. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to determine the ophthalmologic involvement in patients with hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis and its correlation with the mutations described in the literature.

Methods:
Cross-sectional, noninterventional study. Fifty-two eyes of 26 consecutive patients diagnosed with hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis who visited the Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda University Hospital from September 2019 to March 2022. All patients underwent complete ophthalmologic examination and multimodal imaging. Cardiologic, neurologic, digestive, and renal examinations were also recorded.

Results:
Eighteen eyes of the total (34.61%) showed amyloid-related ocular involvement, vitreous amyloid deposits being the most common ocular manifestation (18/52). Statistically significant differences were found for the presence of vitreous amyloid deposits (P < 0.01), crystalline amyloid deposits (P < 0.05), parenchymal amyloid deposits (P < 0.01), and vascular alterations (P < 0.01) when comparing affected and unaffected eyes. Moreover, affected eyes showed worse best-corrected visual acuity (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
Ocular manifestations are present in a substantial number of patients with ATTR that could potentially lead to devastating consequences to patients' best-corrected visual acuity and quality of life. Therefore, it is important to emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary management and ophthalmologic assessment, follow-up and surgical treatment when necessary. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the largest series in Spain of amyloidosis' ophthalmologic involvement.
Transfusion management in the trauma patient
Authors: Dilday Joshua , Lewis Meghan R. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose of review
Transfusion of blood products is lifesaving in the trauma ICU. Intensivists must be familiar with contemporary literature to develop the optimal transfusion strategy for each patient.

Recent findings
A balanced ratio of red-blood cells to plasma and platelets is associated with improved mortality and has therefore become the standard of care for resuscitation. There is a dose-dependent relationship between units of product transfused and infections. Liquid and freeze-dried plasma are alternatives to fresh frozen plasma that can be administered immediately and may improve coagulation parameters more rapidly, though higher quality research is needed. Trauma induced coagulopathy can occur despite a balanced transfusion, and administration of prothrombin complex concentrate and cryoprecipitate may have a role in preventing this. In addition to balanced ratios, viscoelastic guidance is being increasingly utilized to individualize component transfusion. Alternatively, whole blood can be used, which has become the standard in military practice and is gaining popularity at civilian centers.

Summary
Hemorrhagic shock is the leading cause of death in trauma. Improved resuscitation strategy has been one of the most important contemporary advancements in trauma care and continues to be a key area of clinical research.
Female pattern hair loss and polycystic ovarian syndrome: more than just hirsutism
Authors: Jiang Victoria S. , Hawkins Spencer D. , McMichael Amy 
Published: October 2022

Purpose of review
To explore the recent updates in the diagnosis, management, and clinical implications of androgenic alopecia among patients diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).

Recent findings
PCOS diagnosis continues to be the most common cause of infertility among reproductively aged women, serving as the most common endocrinopathy among this population. Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) has been seen to be associated and more common among patients with PCOS, however, there are limited studies examining the impact of FPHL among PCOS patients. Although hyperandrogenism is associated with FPHL, the pathophysiology continues to be unclear as FPHL can be present with normal biochemical androgen markers. Treatment can be complex, as common treatments to promote hair growth can exacerbate undesired hirsutism, which can be overcome by cosmetic treatments. New second-line treatment options such as low level laser therapy and platelet rich plasma have been emerging, with limited data supporting efficacy.

Summary
PCOS is a complex endocrinological disorder that has significant gynecologic, cutaneous, and metabolic implications that require multidisciplinary collaboration and care. Reproductive goals should be thoroughly discussed prior to starting any treatment, as PCOS is the most common cause of infertility among reproductively-aged women.
Evolution of the basic semen analysis and processing sperm
Authors: Schardein Jessica N. , Fendereski Kiarad , Hotaling James M. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose of review
The sixth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen was recently published with specific step-by-step instructions for semen evaluation and sperm processing. Point-of-care (POC) testing for semen evaluation and microfluidics for sperm processing are rapidly evolving technologies that could impact how we evaluate and process sperm. Understanding the updated manual in the context of these novel technologies is important.

Recent findings
Proper standardization of semen evaluation and sperm processing will allow for consistent high-quality results among laboratories worldwide. POC testing could improve access to semen evaluations that generate referrals to male infertility specialists for further assessment. Microfluidics can select functional sperm with decreased DNA fragmentation in semen and testicular biopsy samples for assisted reproductive technology (ART). Clinical outcomes, such as pregnancy rates and live birth rates, have not been shown to be consistently improved with these technologies compared to conventional techniques, although high level evidence research in this area is limited.

Summary
POC testing and microfluidics have the potential to be combined with machine learning technologies to improve fertility care. If these technologies are appropriately optimized, they could change how we evaluate and process sperm, and potentially lead to improved ART outcomes.