bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interventions and outcomes of COVID-19 patients in a community hospital–A single center study comparing the first and second waves
Authors: Alebna Pamela Lamisi , Chung Jessica , Rashid Muhammad , Hoban Davina , LaForgia Mabel , Khera Surendra , Loftus Michael 
Published: December 2022

Background
We have had 3 coronavirus-related pandemics in the last two decades. Each has brought significant toll and with each case there was no cure. Even as vaccines have been developed for the current strain of the virus thereby increasing the prospects of bringing transmissions in communities to a minimum, lessons from this pandemic should be explored in preparation for future pandemics. Other studies have looked at differences in characteristics of patients and mortality rates between the first two waves. In our study we not only identify the differences in outcomes but also explore differences in hospital specific interventions that were implemented at Jersey City Medical Center, NJ, a community-based hospital.

Aim
The aim of this study is to assess the differences between the first two waves of the COVID -19 pandemic in terms of management and outcomes to help identify any key lessons in the handling of future pandemics. We compared the population demographics, interventions and outcomes used during the first two waves of COVID-19 in a community-based hospital.

Methods
This is a retrospective single-center cross-sectional study including Laboratory confirmed COVID-19 patients requiring oxygen supplementation admitted at Jersey City Medical Center during the first wave (April 1 to June 30, 2020) and the second wave between (October 1, 2020, and January 1, 2021). The Chi-squared test was used to assess the relationship between categorical variables and the T- test for continuous variables. A Logistic regression model was built comparing the second to the first wave while accounting for important covariates.

Results
There was a combined total of 473 patients from both waves. Patients in the first wave were older (66.17 years vs 60.38 years, p <0.01), had more comorbidities (2.75 vs 2.29, p 0.003), had more severe disease (50% vs 38.78% p of 0.002), had a longer length of stay (14.18 days vs 8.77 days, p <0.001) and were more likely to be intubated (32.49% vs 21.9 4%, p 0.01). In the univariate model, the odds of mortality in the second wave compared to the first wave was 0.63 (CI, 0.41–0.96) and 1.73 (CI, 0.65–4.66) in the fully adjusted model.

Conclusion
Overall, there was no statistically significant difference in mortality between the two waves. Interventions that were noted to be significantly different between the two waves were, increased likelihood of mechanical intubation in the first wave and increased use of steroids in the second wave compared to the first.
Medical cost of acute diarrhea in children in ambulatory care
Authors: Sánchez Xavier , Leal Gerardine , Padilla Angel , Jimbo Ruth 
Published: December 2022

Objective
The aim of this study was to estimate the direct medical cost per episode and the annual cost for acute diarrhea (AD) in children under five years of age in Ambulatory Care Centers of the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) of Ecuador.

Methods
A cost of illness study with a provider perspective was carried out through a micro-costing of health resources and valuated in international dollars. Medical consultations and laboratory tests were valued using the tariff framework of services for the National Health System and for the prescribed medications, a reported cost registry of pharmacy purchases made in the year of study was used.

Results
A total of 332 electronic health records of children under five years of age were included in the analysis. Laboratory tests were performed on 37.95% (126/332), medications were prescribed to 93.67% (311/332) of the children, and antimicrobials were prescribed to 37.35% (124/332) of the children, representing an antibiotic prescription rate of 26.51% (88/332) and an antiparasitic prescription rate of 10.84% (36/332). The mean cost of the MOPH per child per episode of AD was US$45.24 (2019 dollars) (95% CI:43.71 to 46.76).

Conclusion
The total estimated cost of AD in children under five years of age for the MOPH in 2019 was about US$6,645,167.88 million (2019 dollars) (95% CI: 6,420,430.77 to 6,868,436.12). A high proportion of the direct medical cost of AD in children under five years of age in outpatient settings is due to unnecessary laboratory tests.
TÜKETİM KÜLTÜRÜ BAĞLAMINDA SAĞLIKLI YAŞAM EĞİLİMLERİ VE ETKİLEYİCİ KİŞİLER ÜZERİNE BİR ANALİZ
Authors: AYAN İrem , UZUNÇARŞILI SOYDAŞ Ayda 
Published: December 2022

ÖZ
Tüketim kültürü her geçen gün yeni boyutlara evrilen özgün bir oluşum durumundadır. Bu noktada oluşan yeni tüketiciler tüketim olgusunu daha bireysel ve gizil anlamlar içeren bir çaba olarak tanımlamaktadırlar. Değişen bu oluşum zamanla tüketim eğilimlerini de etkilemektedir. Aynı zamanda dönemsel bazda karşılaşılan tüketim eğilimlerinden de önemli ölçüde etkilenmektedir. Bu etkileşimin temelinde insanların etkileyici kişiler olarak tanımladıkları bireylerin onlara sundukları güzellik, sağlık ve kusursuzluk kalıpları bulunmaktadır. Özellikle küresel salgın dönemini yaşadığımız son günlerde sağlıklı olma durumunun tartışılmaz bir değer yarattığı gözlemlenmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, tüketim eğilimlerinin hangi motivasyonlar doğrultusunda değişip dönüştüğünü ve bu dönüşümde medyada yer alan etkileyici kişilerin etkisinin olup olmadığının belirlenmesidir. Bu bağlamda etkileyici kişilerin sağlıklı yaşam eğilimlerine yönelik söylem ve tutumlarının bireylerde nasıl yansımalarının olduğunu eleştirel bir bakış açısıyla göstergebilimsel analiz yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Yapılan araştırma sonucunda ortaya çıkan veriler alanyazın taraması bağlamında yorumlanmıştır
Bionomic study of the detritic bottoms dominated by macroalgae from the southern coast of Mallorca (Balearic Islands)
Authors: Joher Sergi , Martínez Sergi , Rodríguez-Prieto Conxi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This bionomic study of the detritic bottoms dominated by macroalgae from the south of Mallorca (Balearic Islands, Western Mediterranean) includes a quantitative description of the algal communities found in the area, as well as their bathymetric and geographical distribution. The results presented here are based on data collected in two oceanographic campaigns conducted in July 2012 and September 2014, using a Jennings beam trawl. A hierarchical group average agglomerative clustering, accompanied by the SIMPROF test, allowed the identification of seven different macroalgal communities, of which two are described here for the first time: the Cryptonemia longiarticulata fields and the Maërl beds of indeterminate rhodoliths. Depth and rhodolith abundance were the two main features driving the distribution of these communities. We found that seven species contributed 70% of the similarity between samples (SIMPER test), with the indeterminate species of rhodoliths (23.6%) and the encrusting fleshy red alga, Agissea inamoena (15.6%) being the most important. The methodology used for the sample selection and quantification processes turned out to be very efficient and faster than other methods used for the characterization of macroalgal communities from detritic bottoms, suggesting that this study could serve as a baseline for similar studies and for future management and conservation actions.
Unpacking the mysteries of puberty among school going adolescents in district of East Khasi Hills, Meghalaya
Authors: Ningombam Joenna Devi , Sundaram Shanthosh Priyan , Medhi Gajendra Kumar , Lyngdoh Markordor 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesPubertal age carries the risk of different challenges and experiences. However, lack of data on the subject made it necessary to estimate the magnitude of pubertal problems and its determinants.MethodsA mixed methods study was conducted among the school students aged 10–17 years during May 2022 in three selected schools of Shillong. The cross-sectional quantitative component (pre-designed semi-structured questionnaire) included 418 students and eight students were selected purposively for the qualitative component (in-depth interviews).ResultsThe mean age of the students was 13.5 years with 52.9% boys. At least one of the pubertal problems was present among 57.2% (95%CI: 52.3–69.2%). With regards to physical, hormonal/behavioural and mental problems, the prevalence was reported to be 34.2, 31.8 and 12.0% respectively. Premenstrual symptoms were present among 89.4% girls. Mental problems were significantly higher among the girls [PR: 1.83 (95%CI: 1.06–3.13; p=0.02)] and the hormonal problems were significantly lesser among the girls [PR: 0.41 (95%CI: 0.29–0.57; p<0.001)]. With regards to age, the mental and hormonal problems was significantly higher among the late adolescents. About 55.2% sought help for their problems of which 56.9% primarily sought help from parents. In-depth interviews yielded five themes for the problems of puberty which included individuals related (hormonal, impulse control etc.), school related (safety, relationship with teachers), family related (behavioural regulations, literacy etc.), friends/peers related (networks/relationships) and coping behaviours.Conclusions and recommendationsPubertal problems were reported among a considerable proportion of students which provides policy implications for addressing behavioural problems, interpersonal relationships and cordial school environment.
A comparison of summer insectivory among four sympatric mesocarnivores on Izushima, a small island in northern Japan
Authors: Nagasaki Kaoru , Nakamura Haruka , Shinohara Ayano , Abe Kaede , Minami Masato , Tsukada Hideharu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Limited resources intensify interspecific competition and constrain the survival and distribution of species. A restricted, spatially isolated, small island can also pronounce this effect, as predicted in the island biogeography. This study compared the summer diets of sympatric carnivores, red foxes, raccoon dogs, Japanese martens, and Japanese weasels on the small island Izushima and evaluated niche partitioning, especially focusing on their insectivory. The results showed that insects were the main summer food source for all four species, with a significant overlap in their diets. However, in-depth investigation on insectivory down to the level of species and genera revealed that the species differences were more pronounced. Raccoon dogs frequently fed on ground-dwelling beetles, and Japanese martens fed on several arboreal beetles, while red foxes were less dependent on insects and more biased toward larger prey such as mammals and birds, and Japanese weasels foraged more on smaller prey, thereby reflecting niche partitioning between these species owing to differences in foraging ecology under the constrains of their body sizes.
Design of experiments for the optimization of U(VI) reduction with hydrogen over Pt/SiO2
Authors: Ramakrishna Reddy Sareddy , Desigan Narasimhan , Venkatesan Konda Athmaram , Sivaraman Nagarajan , Ananthasivan Krishnamoorthy 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Significant amount of uranous nitrate is required for reducing Pu(IV) into inextractable Pu(III) for partitioning of U(VI) and Pu(IV) present in the loaded organic phase in PUREX process. Experiments have been conducted for the preparation of uranous nitrate by reducing uranyl nitrate present in nitric acid solution using hydrogen over Pt/SiO2 catalyst. The effect of process variables such as U(VI) concentration, H2 pressure, nitric acid concentration, catalyst quantity, temperature, mixing speed, and hydrazine concentration (for stabilizing U(IV)) on the yield of U(IV) was studied. The process variables were optimized by a two-step statistical approach namely design of experiments. The initial screening of process variables and determination of important variables that affect the production of U(IV) was determined by definitive screening design (DSD) methodology. The DSD yielded three variables affecting the U(VI) reduction to a significant extent were U(VI) concentration, H2 pressure and mixing speed. These significant variables were further optimized using five-level full factorial central composite design (CCD) methodology for understanding the intricate interactions between the variables and the combined effect of all variables at a time influencing the U(VI) reduction. A second-order polynomial equation derived from CCD was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) for estimating the validity of the model and statistical significance of the terms involved in the polynomial. The results revealed that the model can predict the yield of U(IV) generation with 95% confidence in the proposed experimental range.
Wireless Mid-height Pore Water Pressure Sensor
Authors: Witowski Marcin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The triaxial apparatus is one of the most widespread testing devices used by geotechnical laboratories for identifying parameters characterizing soil strength and stiffness behavior. In order to do so, the triaxial apparatus has the ability to measure a number of key parameters, among which the measurement of axial force, axial strain, and pore water pressure in the soil play a key role. By default, the measurement of the latter parameter is carried out at the bottom of the sample or, in its more advanced form, at the mid-height of the sample. The second approach, however, introduces the requirement to break the continuity of the membrane surrounding the soil specimen, which can lead to water penetration from the cell into the sample. Nevertheless, this inconvenience can be avoided by using a novel sensor that measures water pressure in the soil pores wirelessly. In addition, as the membrane does not need to be perforated, sample preparation time can be reduced. This article presents the integration of the novel sensor into a triaxial apparatus and its validation in the form of a series of tests performed on several soil types to demonstrate the effectiveness and performance of the wireless water pressure sensor.
Chronic Ethanol Exposure Modulates Periaqueductal Gray to Extended Amygdala Dopamine Circuit
Authors: Pati Dipanwita , Downs Anthony M. , McElligott Zoe A. , Kash Thomas L. 
Published: December 2022

The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is a component of the extended amygdala that regulates motivated behavior and affective states and plays an integral role in the development of alcohol-use disorder (AUD). The dorsal subdivision of the BNST (dBNST) receives dense dopaminergic input from the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG)/dorsal raphe (DR). To date, no studies have examined the effects of chronic alcohol on this circuit. Here, we used chronic intermittent ethanol exposure (CIE), a well-established rodent model of AUD, to functionally interrogate the vlPAG/DR-BNST dopamine (DA) circuit during acute withdrawal. We selectively targeted vlPAG/DRDAneurons in tyrosine hydroxylase-expressing transgenic adult male mice. Usingex vivoelectrophysiology, we found hyperexcitability of vlPAG/DRDAneurons in CIE-treated mice. Further, using optogenetic approaches to target vlPAG/DRDAterminals in the dBNST, we revealed a CIE-mediated shift in the vlPAG/DR-driven excitatory-inhibitory (E/I) ratio to a hyperexcitable state in dBNST. Additionally, to quantify the effect of CIE on endogenous DA signaling, we coupled optogenetics with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry to measure pathway-specific DA release in dBNST. CIE-treated mice had significantly reduced signal half-life, suggestive of faster clearance of DA signaling. CIE treatment also altered the ratio of vlPAG/DRDA-driven cellular inhibition and excitation of a subset of dBNST neurons. Overall, our findings suggest a dysregulation of vlPAG/DR to BNST dopamine circuit, which may contribute to pathophysiological phenotypes associated with AUD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe dorsal bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (dBNST) is highly implicated in the pathophysiology of alcohol-use disorder and receives dopaminergic inputs from ventrolateral periaqueductal gray/dorsal raphe regions (vlPAG/DR). The present study highlights the plasticity within the vlPAG/DR to dBNST dopamine (DA) circuit during acute withdrawal from chronic ethanol exposure. More specifically, our data reveal that chronic ethanol strengthens vlPAG/DR-dBNST glutamatergic transmission while altering both DA transmission and dopamine-mediated cellular inhibition of dBNST neurons. The net result is a shift toward a hyperexcitable state in dBNST activity. Together, our findings suggest chronic ethanol may promote withdrawal-related plasticity by dysregulating the vlPAG/DR-dBNST DA circuit.
STIM1 and ORAI1 form a novel cold transduction mechanism in sensory and sympathetic neurons
Authors: Buijs Tamara J , Vilar Bruno , Tan Chun‐Hsiang , McNaughton Peter A 
Published: December 2022

AbstractModerate coolness is sensed by TRPM8 ion channels in peripheral sensory nerves, but the mechanism by which noxious cold is detected remains elusive. Here, we show that somatosensory and sympathetic neurons express two distinct mechanisms to detect noxious cold. In the first, inhibition by cold of a background outward current causes membrane depolarization that activates an inward current through voltage‐dependent calcium (CaV) channels. A second cold‐activated mechanism is independent of membrane voltage, is inhibited by blockers of ORAI ion channels and by downregulation of STIM1, and is recapitulated in HEK293 cells by co‐expression of ORAI1 and STIM1. Using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy we found that cold causes STIM1 to aggregate with and activate ORAI1 ion channels, in a mechanism similar to that underlying store‐operated calcium entry (SOCE), but directly activated by cold and not by emptying of calcium stores. This novel mechanism may explain the phenomenon of cold‐induced vasodilation (CIVD), in which extreme cold increases blood flow in order to preserve the integrity of peripheral tissues.
GRAMD1/ASTER‐mediated cholesterol transport promotes Smoothened cholesterylation at the endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Qiu Zhi‐Ping , Lin Zi‐Cun , Hu Ao , Liu Yuan‐Bin , Zeng Wan‐Er , Zhao Xiaolu , Shi Xiong‐Jie , Luo Jie , Song Bao‐Liang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in embryonic development. Hh binding to Patched1 (PTCH1) derepresses Smoothened (SMO), thereby activating the downstream signal transduction. Covalent SMO modification by cholesterol in its cysteine‐rich domain (CRD) is essential for SMO function. SMO cholesterylation is a calcium‐accelerated autoprocessing reaction, and STIM1‐ORAI1‐mediated store‐operated calcium entry promotes cholesterylation and activation of endosome‐localized SMO. However, it is unknown whether the Hh‐PTCH1 interplay regulates the activity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐localized SMO. Here, we found that PTCH1 inhibited the COPII‐dependent export of SMO from the ER, whereas Hh promoted this process. The RRxWxR amino acid motif in the cytosolic tail of SMO was essential for COPII recognition, ciliary localization, and signal transduction activity. Hh and PTCH1 regulated cholesterol modification of the ER‐localized SMO, and SMO cholesterylation accelerated its exit from ER. The GRAMD1/ASTER sterol transport proteins facilitated cholesterol transfer to ER from PM, resulting in increased SMO cholesterylation and enhanced Hh signaling. Collectively, we reveal a regulatory role of GRAMD‐mediated cholesterol transport in ER‐resident SMO maturation and Hh signaling.
Somatosensory neurons express specific sets of lincRNAs, and lincRNA CLAP promotes itch sensation in mice
Authors: Wang Bin , Jiang Bowen , Li Guo‐Wei , Dong Fei , Luo Zheng , Cai Bing , Wei Manyi , Huang Jiansong , Wang Kaikai , Feng Xin , Tong Fang , Wang Sashuang , Wang Qiong , Han Qingjian , Li Changlin , Zhang Xu , Yang Li , Bao Lan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSomatosensory neurons are highly heterogeneous with distinct types of neural cells responding to specific stimuli. However, the distribution and roles of cell‐type‐specific long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) in somatosensory neurons remain largely unexplored. Here, by utilizing droplet‐based single‐cell RNA‐seq (scRNA‐seq) and full‐length Smart‐seq2, we show that lincRNAs, but not coding mRNAs, are enriched in specific types of mouse somatosensory neurons. Profiling of lincRNAs from single neurons located in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) identifies 200 lincRNAs localized in specific types or subtypes of somatosensory neurons. Among them, the conserved cell‐type‐specific lincRNA CLAP associates with pruritus and is abundantly expressed in somatostatin (SST)‐positive neurons. CLAP knockdown reduces histamine‐induced Ca2+ influx in cultured SST‐positive neurons and in vivo reduces histamine‐induced scratching in mice. In vivo knockdown of CLAP also decreases the expression of neuron‐type‐specific and itch‐related genes in somatosensory neurons, and this partially depends on the RNA binding protein MSI2. Our data reveal a cell‐type‐specific landscape of lincRNAs and a function for CLAP in somatosensory neurons in sensory transmission.
Caring behavior: a qualitative exploration of nurses' perception in a caring patient with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Kristinawati Beti , Nurachmah Elly , Yulia Yulia 
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) and the care environment affect the patient's physical, psychological, and social condition. Caring applications in the nursing process can increase positive change and build trust and satisfaction in patients and families. This study aims to get an overview of the application of caring in AMI patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) from perceptive nurses.Methods: The descriptive qualitative design was selected to obtain in-depth information with face-to-face interviews with twelve nurses. Participatory involvement in the research was selected using purposive. Data analysis is manually done with Collaizi's Content Analysis. Triangulation, member checking, and peer debriefing have increased data crawling. Before and during the data retrieval process, the ethics of the researchers are appliedResults: Data analysis produces three themes that can answer research objectives. The themes formed can describe the caring behavior of nurses in critical units caring for AMI patients.Conclusion: Nurse care is an interpersonal process with professional knowledge and skills that can result in protection, emotional support, and fulfillment of the bio-psycho-social needs of patients. This study's perception and application of nursing care for AMI patients are with the spirit of caring and implementing instrumental caring. Unfortunately, there are still obstacles in applying nurse care to AMI patients.