bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anterior segment structures in dark iris Chinese patients with unilateral Fuchs’ uveitis syndrome
Authors: Cai Yajing , Wu Wenjie , Wang Yingbin , Xiao Suzhen , Huang Yue 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To compare binocular anterior segment structures in Chinese patients with dark iris and unilateral Fuchs’ uveitis syndrome (FUS).

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study including 34 phakic eyes (17 patients) with unilateral FUS. Anterior segment parameters were measured by rotating Scheimpflug imaging camera, noncontact specular microscopy, and anterior segment optical coherence tomography.

Results
Corneal volume was higher in FUS eyes compared to unaffected eyes (p < 0.05). The iridocorneal angles were larger in FUS eyes compared to contralateral eyes (p < 0.05). Mean endothelial cell density (ECD) was lower, and the coefficient of variation in endothelial cell size and average cell area of endothelial cells (ACA) were higher, in FUS eyes (p < 0.05). Mean densitometry values of the midstromal cornea (zones with a diameter of 0–2, 2–6, or 10–12 mm), posterior (0–2, 2–6, 10–12, or 0–12 mm), or total thickness (0–2 or 2–6 mm) were higher in FUS eyes compared with unaffected eyes (p < 0.05). ECD, percentage of hexagonal cells, and ACA were strongly related to densitometry values of the midstromal and posterior cornea in the FUS eyes (p < 0.05). Smoothness index of iris was lager in affected eyes (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
In Chinese patients with unilateral FUS, loss of endothelial cells, wider iridocorneal angle, thicker cornea, higher corneal densitometry of midstromal and posterior layer, and smoother iris were observed in affected eyes compared to contralateral eyes. These data can help to elucidate anterior segment characteristics of unilateral FUS in this population.
Disentangling Capabilities for Industry 4.0 - an Information Systems Capability Perspective
Authors: Huber Rocco , Oberländer Anna Maria , Faisst Ulrich , Röglinger Maximilian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDigital technologies revolutionise the manufacturing industry by connecting the physical and digital worlds. The resulting paradigm shift, referred to as Industry 4.0, impacts manufacturing processes and business models. While the ‘why’ and ‘what’ of Industry 4.0 have been extensively researched, the ‘how’ remains poorly understood. Manufacturers struggle with exploiting Industry 4.0’s full potential as a holistic understanding of required Information Systems (IS) capabilities is missing. To foster such understanding, we present a holistic IS capability framework for Industry 4.0, including primary and support capabilities. After developing the framework based on a structured literature review, we refined and evaluated it with ten Industry 4.0 experts from research and practice. We demonstrated its use with a German machinery manufacturer. In sum, we contribute to understanding and analysing IS capabilities for Industry 4.0. Our work serves as a foundation for further theorising on Industry 4.0 and for deriving theory-led design recommendations for manufacturers.
Formal sector enforcement and welfare
Authors: Liu-Evans Gareth , Mitra Shalini 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHigher tax enforcement is consistently associated with lower informality in the literature, whereas the evidence is mixed for other factors affecting informality. We review the literature on the effect of tax enforcement on informality and provide further evidence in the form of subsample tests of the effect of tax enforcement identified in Liu-Evans and Mitra (Econ Lett 182:122–125, 2019). We find Rule of Law, the most commonly used proxy for tax enforcement, has a significant and robust negative effect on informality according to the continuous treatment test due to Belloni et al. (Rev Econ Stud 81:608–650, 2014). Using a stylized general equilibrium model for developing economies, with credit constrained formal and informal firms, we conduct numerical simulations to study the enforcement-welfare relationship for varying levels of enforcement costs. We show that tax-enforcement is only desirable as a policy tool for reducing informality when, contrary to evidence for developing economies in the literature, enforcement costs are very low (almost zero).
Electrochemical routes for environmentally friendly recycling of rare-earth-based (Sm–Co) permanent magnets
Authors: Xu Xuan , Khoshsima Sina , Karajic Milana , Balderman Jan , Markovic Katarina , Scancar Janez , Samardzija Zoran , Sturm Saso , Rozman Kristina Zuzek 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe consumption of critical raw materials, especially those in permanent magnets of Nd–Fe–B and Sm–Co-type, has significantly grown in the past decade. With predictions on further electrification growing exponentially the demand for these materials will even increase. This implies that efforts in assuring sustainability must involve recycling from secondary resources. In recent years the electrochemical approaches in recycling have been extensively investigated and applied owing to their advantages of high efficiency and selectivity, easy operation, low energy consumption, and environmental friendliness. In this paper, we investigate the Sm2(Co,Fe,Cu,Zr)17 permanent magnet leaching process using the anodic oxidation to be paired with the metal deposition on the cathode. Linear sweep voltammetry was performed from − 0.15 to 1 V versus Pt quasi reference electrode that indicated current peaks that would correspond to some preferential leaching of the crystal phases contained in the magnet. The latter was confirmed using the SEM/EDXS analysis. The continuous leaching of the Sm2(Co,Fe,Cu,Zr)17 magnet was performed at a direct current density of 2, 4 and 8 mA cm−2 at the time period of 0–240, 240–480 and 480–720 min, respectively. The ICP-MS results confirmed the leaching of all the metals from the original Sm2(Co,Fe,Cu,Zr)17 permanent magnet. The concentration of Sm3+, Cu2+, Fe2+ and Zr2+ increases linearly along with the leaching time. Reversely the concentration of Co2+ decreases linearly due to its consumption by electrodeposition of Co, Fe and Cu on the cathode. The presented paired electrochemical process could serve as a starting point for the recycling and recovery of critical raw materials without any acid usage and waste generation.
Graphical abstract
Model predictive force control in milling based on an ensemble Kalman filter
Authors: Schwenzer Max , Stemmler Sebastian , Ay Muzaffer , Rüppel Adrian Karl , Bergs Thomas , Abel Dirk 
Published: April 2022

AbstractProcess force determines productivity, quality, and safety in milling. Current approaches of process design often focus on a priori optimization. In order to enable online optimization, the establishment of active force controllers is required. Due to fast-changing engagement conditions of the tool in conjunction with the slower machine dynamics, classic control is not suited. A promising approach is the application of model predictive control (MPC) for force control, which is proposed in this contribution. The model predictive force controller (MPFC) explicitly takes into account a model to predict the immediate future. It consists of a model of the machine tool and a separate model of the process. The process model describes the relation between feed velocity of the tool, force, and geometric properties of the tool, such as the radial deviation, and of the tool/workpiece engagement. The feedback loop of the controller is closed by an online identification of the process model to account changes in the material properties or of the tool wear state. For this identification an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is applied. The MPFC solves an optimization problem on the future behavior in each sampling step to determine the optimal controller output enabling high dynamic control. The proposed control system is validated experimentally and compared with a conventionally designed process with constant feed. It can be shown that the manufacturing time is reduced by 50%. The system enables a paradigm shift in the design of milling processes operating the manufacturing process at its technological limit.
An Energy-Based Summation-by-Parts Finite Difference Method For the Wave Equation in Second Order Form
Authors: Wang Siyang , Appelö Daniel , Kreiss Gunilla 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe develop a new finite difference method for the wave equation in second order form. The finite difference operators satisfy a summation-by-parts (SBP) property. With boundary conditions and material interface conditions imposed weakly by the simultaneous-approximation-term (SAT) method, we derive energy estimates for the semi-discretization. In addition, error estimates are derived by the normal mode analysis. The proposed method is termed as energy-based because of its similarity with the energy-based discontinuous Galerkin method. When imposing the Dirichlet boundary condition and material interface conditions, the traditional SBP-SAT discretization uses a penalty term with a mesh-dependent parameter, which is not needed in our method. Furthermore, numerical dissipation can be added to the discretization through the boundary and interface conditions. We present numerical experiments that verify convergence and robustness of the proposed method.
Les devinettes des Adevineaux amoureux: hypothèses généalogiques et stratégies editoriales
Authors: Barale Elisabetta 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article studies from a philological point of view the textual tradition of the riddles of the Adevineaux amoureux, a collection of verbal games published in Bruges by Colard Mansion in the last decades of the fifteenth century. The investigation provides two results. On the one hand, it is possible to retrace the genealogy of the witnesses of the Adevineaux (two printed editions and the manuscript Torino, BNU, L V 1) and to describe their relations with two comparable collections of riddles (Chantilly, Mus. Condé, 654; Wolfenbüttel, HAB, Cod. Guelf. 84.7 Aug. 2°). On the other hand, some hypotheses can be formulated on the strategies employed by the compiler of the Adevineaux to adapt these popular texts to the expectations of the public. Macro-structural interventions—such as the introduction of prologues—and micro-structural ones—such as repetitions, lexical substitutions, and omissions—aim at building a new socio-narrative architecture in which the aggressive dynamics of oral performances are replaced by the search for a textual coherence intended to ensure the active participation of the readers in the construction of meaning.
Riparian fungal communities respond to land-use mediated changes in soil properties and vegetation structure
Authors: Waymouth Vicky , Miller Rebecca E. , Kasel Sabine , Ede Fiona , Bissett Andrew , Aponte Cristina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeOwing to their topographic location and nutrient rich soils, riparian forests are often converted to pastures for grazing. In recent decades, remnant riparian forests cleared for grazing pastures have been restored with native species. The impacts of such land-use changes on soil fungal communities are unclear, despite the central roles that soil fungi play in key ecosystem processes. We investigated how soil fungal taxonomic and functional composition are affected by land-use change at different depths, and if variation in soil fungal communities is related to edaphic properties and extant vegetation.MethodsThe study was conducted in six waterways in south-eastern Australia, each comprising three land-use types: remnant riparian forest, cleared forest converted to pasture, and pastures restored with native plants. We surveyed three strata of vegetation and sampled top-soil and sub-soil to characterise physicochemical properties and soil fungal communities. ITS1 region sequences were used to assign soil fungal taxonomic and functional composition.ResultsFungal taxonomic and functional composition infrequently varied with land-use change or soil depth. Overall, environmental properties (soil and vegetation) explained 35–36% of variation in both fungal taxonomic and functional composition. Soil fungal taxonomic composition was related to soil fertility (N, P, K, pH and Ca) and ground cover characteristics, whereas functional composition was related to clay content, sub-canopy cover and tree basal area.ConclusionAcross the six studied waterways, fungal taxonomic and functional composition were more strongly associated with land-use mediated changes in site-scale soil physicochemical properties and vegetation structure than broad-scale classes of land-use type.
Perceptions of personal and public risk: Dissociable effects on behavior and well-being
Authors: Globig Laura K. , Blain Bastien , Sharot Tali 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhen faced with a global threat peoples’ perception of risk guides their response. When danger is to the self as well as to others two risk estimates are generated—to the self and to others. Here, we set out to examine how people’s perceptions of health risk to the self and others are related to their psychological well-being and behavioral response. To that end, we surveyed a large representative sample of Americans facing the COVID-19 pandemic at two times (N1 = 1145, N2 = 683). We found that people perceived their own risk to be relatively low, while estimating the risk to others as relatively high. These risk estimates were differentially associated with psychological well-being and behavior. In particular, perceived personal but not public risk was associated with people’s happiness, while both were predictive of anxiety. In contrast, the tendency to engage in protective behaviors were predicted by peoples’ estimated risk to the population, but not to themselves. This raises the possibility that people were predominantly engaging in protective behaviors for the benefit of others. The findings can inform public policy aimed at protecting people’s psychological well-being and physical health during global threats.
Is There a Residual and Hidden Potential for Small and Micro Hydropower in Europe? A Screening-Level Regional Assessment
Authors: Quaranta Emanuele , Bódis Katalin , Kasiulis Egidijus , McNabola Aonghus , Pistocchi Alberto 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSmall hydropower plants (installed power below 10 MW) are generally considered less impacting than larger plants, and this has stimulated their rapid spread, with a developing potential that is not exhausted yet. However, since they can cause environmental impacts, especially in case of cascade installations, there is the need to operate them in a more sustainable way, e.g. considering ecosystem needs and by developing low-impacting technologies. In this paper, an assessment was conducted to estimate how the environmental flow and the plant spatial density affect the small hydropower potential (considering run-of-river schemes, diversion type, DROR) in the European Union. The potential of DROR is 79 TWh/y under the strictest environmental constraints considered, and 1,710 TWh/y under the laxest constraints. The potential of low-impacting micro technologies (< 100 kW) was also assessed, showing that the economic potential of hydrokinetic turbines in rivers is 1.2 TWh/y, that of water wheels in old mills is 1.6 TWh/y, and the hydropower potential of water and wastewater networks is 3.1 TWh/y, at an average investment cost of 5,000 €/kW.
Clinical impact of manual scoring of peripheral arterial tonometry in patients with sleep apnea
Authors: Tschopp Samuel , Borner Urs , Wimmer Wilhelm , Caversaccio Marco , Tschopp Kurt 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The objective was to analyze the clinical implications of manual scoring of sleep studies using peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) and to compare the manual and automated scoring algorithms.

Methods
Patients with suspected sleep-disordered breathing underwent sleep studies using PAT. The recordings were analyzed using a validated automated computer-based scoring and a novel manual scoring algorithm. The two methods were compared regarding sleep stages and respiratory events.

Results
Recordings of 130 patients were compared. The sleep stages and time were not significantly different between the scoring methods. PAT-derived apnea-hypopnea index (pAHI) was on average 8.4 events/h lower in the manually scored data (27.5±17.4/h vs.19.1±15.2/h, p<0.001). The OSA severity classification decreased in 66 (51%) of 130 recordings. A similar effect was found for the PAT-derived respiratory disturbance index with a reduction from 31.2±16.5/h to 21.7±14.4/h (p<0.001), for automated and manual scoring, respectively. A lower pAHI for manual scoring was found in all body positions and sleep stages and was independent of gender and body mass index. The absolute difference of pAHI increased with sleep apnea severity, while the relative difference decreased. Pearson’s correlation coefficient between pAHI and oxygen desaturation index (ODI) significantly improved from 0.89 to 0.94 with manual scoring (p<0.001).

Conclusions
Manual scoring results in a lower pAHI while improving the correlation to ODI. With manual scoring, the OSA category decreases in a clinically relevant proportion of patients. Sleep stages and time do not change significantly with manual scoring. In the authors’ opinion, manual oversight is recommended if clinical decisions are likely to change.
Vessel Wall MRI: clinical implementation in cerebrovascular disorders—technical aspects
Authors: Cirillo Luigi , Rustici Arianna , Toni Francesco , Zoli Matteo , Bartiromo Fiorina , Gramegna Laura Ludovica , Cicala Domenico , Tonon Caterina , Caranci Ferdinando , Lodi Raffaele 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVessel Wall MRI (VW-MRI) is an emerging MR sequence used for diagnosis, characterization, and treatment planning of cerebrovascular diseases. Although VW-MRI is not yet routinely used, most papers have emphasized its role in several aspects of the management of cerebrovascular diseases. Nowadays, no VW-MRI sequence optimized for the intracranial imaging is commercially available, thus the Spin Echo sequences are the more effective sequences for this purpose. Moreover, as one of the principal technical requirements for intracranial VW-MR imaging is to achieve both the suppression of blood in vessel lumen and of the outer cerebrospinal fluid, different suppression techniques have been developed. This short report provides the technical parameters of our VW-MR sequence developed over 3-years’ experience.
Incidence of hip fracture in Saudi Arabia and the development of a FRAX model
Authors: Saleh Yousef A. L. , Sulimani Riad A. , Alomary Shaker , Alnajjar Yassmeen I. , Vandenput Liesbeth , Liu Enwu , Lorentzon Mattias , Harvey Nicholas C. , McCloskey Eugene V. , Johansson Helena , Kanis John A. ,   the Saudi FRAX Study Group, Al-Daghri Nasser M. , Jamo Abdelgadier Ibrahim , Hawsawi Abdullah Ahmed , Mohamed Fatima Ali , Khojah Talha Mohammedsaeed , Sheshah Eman Abdulrahman , Hashem Waleed A. , Hijazi Abdulgani Omar , Kanani Samer Merei , Alfagih Ashwag Saleh , Albouri Kamil Muslim , Alsobyhy Osama Fawaz , Almutairi Mohammed Zayed , Almalki Mussa Hussain , Kassem Nadia Abd Elhamid , Ali Mutaz Mohamed , Alamri Fahad A. , Alshahrani Fahad Mohammed , AlRayes Hanan Mohammed , Sadat-Ali Mir , Alharbi Mohammed Abdulrahman , AlShaker Mohammed , Fouda Mona A. , Alaidarous Salwa Berlian , Almohaya Mohammed , Saleh Najla Alfateh , Saleh Soad 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Summary

A prospective hospital-based survey in representative regions of Saudi Arabia determined the incidence of fractures at the hip. The hip fracture rates were used to create a FRAX® model to facilitate fracture risk assessment in Saudi Arabia.

Objective
This paper describes the incidence of hip fracture in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia that was used to characterize the current and future burden of hip fracture, to develop a country-specific FRAX® tool for fracture prediction and to compare fracture probabilities with neighbouring countries.

Methods
During a 2-year (2017/2018) prospective survey in 15 hospitals with a defined catchment population, hip fractures in Saudi citizens were prospectively identified from hospital registers. The number of hip fractures and future burden was determined from national demography. Age- and sex-specific incidence of hip fracture and national mortality rates were incorporated into a FRAX model for Saudi Arabia. Fracture probabilities were compared with those from Kuwait and Abu Dhabi.

Results
The incidence of hip fracture applied nationally suggested that the estimated number of hip fractures nationwide in persons over the age of 50 years for 2015 was 2,949 and is predicted to increase nearly sevenfold to 20,328 in 2050. Hip fracture rates were comparable with estimates from Abu Dhabi and Kuwait. By contrast, probabilities of a major osteoporotic fracture or hip fracture from the age of 70 years were much lower than those seen in Abu Dhabi and Kuwait due to higher mortality estimates for Saudi Arabia.

Conclusion
A country-specific FRAX tool for fracture prediction has been developed for Saudi Arabia which is expected to help guide decisions about treatment.
Mapping cognitive deficits in cancer patients after chemotherapy: An Activation Likelihood Estimation meta-analysis of task-related fMRI studies
Authors: Saward Jacqueline B. , Ellis Elizabeth G. , Cobden Annalee L. , Caeyenberghs Karen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecent neuroimaging studies have reported alterations in brain activation during cognitive tasks in cancer patients who have undergone chemotherapy treatment. However, the location of these altered brain activation patterns after chemotherapy varies considerably across studies. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to quantitatively synthesise this body of evidence using Activation Likelihood Estimation to identify reliable regions of altered brain activation in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy, compared to healthy controls and no chemotherapy controls. Our systematic search identified 12 studies that adopted task-related fMRI on non-central nervous system cancer patients who received chemotherapy relative to controls. All studies were included in the analyses and were grouped into four contrasts. Cancer patients treated with chemotherapy showed reduced activation in the left superior parietal lobe/precuneus (family-wise error corrected p < .05) compared to no chemotherapy controls. No significant clusters were found in three of our contrasts. The majority of studies did not support an association between altered brain activation and cognitive performance after chemotherapy. Findings point towards a possible chemotherapy-induced alteration, which could inform targeted treatment strategies. With continued work in this field using homogenous task-related protocols and cancer populations, fMRI may be used as a biomarker of cognitive deficits in the future.
Evaluation of methods for measuring tool-chip contact length in wet machining using different approaches (microtextured tool, in-situ visualization and restricted contact tool)
Authors: Ellersiek Lars , Menze Christian , Sauer Florian , Denkena Berend , Möhring Hans-Christian , Schulze Volker 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe contact length is one of the most important factors to evaluate the chip formation process and the mechanical loads in metal cutting. Over the years, several methods to identify the contact length were developed. However, especially for wet cutting processes the determination of the contact length is still challenging. In this paper, three methods to identify the contact length for dry and wet processes in cutting of Ti6Al4V and AISI4140 + QT are presented, discussed and analyzed. The first approach uses tools with a microtextured rake face. By evaluating the microstructures on the chip, a new method to identify the contact length is established. The second approach applies high speed recordings to identify the contact length. The challenge is thereby the application of high-speed recordings under wet conditions. In the third approach, tools with restricted contact length are used. It is shown that with all three methods the contact length is reduced using metal working fluid.