bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographical distribution and space–time clustering of human illnesses with major Salmonella serotypes in Florida, USA, 2017–2018
Authors: Li Xiaolong , Singh Nitya , Havelaar Arie H. , Blackburn Jason K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Nontyphoidal salmonellosis is the leading reported foodborne illness in Florida. Although the diversity of Salmonella serotypes circulating in Florida has been identified, the geographical characteristics of the major serotypes are poorly described. Here we examined the geospatial patterns of 803 whole-genome sequenced Salmonella isolates within seven major serotypes (Enteritidis, Newport, Javiana, Sandiego, Braenderup, Typhimurium and I 4,[5],12:i:-) with the metadata obtained from Florida Department of Health during 2017–2018. Geographically, the distribution of incidence rates varied distinctively between serotypes. Illnesses with Enteritidis and Newport serotypes were widespread in Florida. The incidence rate for Javiana was relatively higher in the north compared to the south. Typhimurium was concentrated in the northwest, while I 4,[5],12:i:-, the monophasic variant of Typhimurium was limited to the south. We also evaluated space–time clustering of isolates at the zip code level using scan statistic models. Space–time clusters were detected for each major serotype during 2017–2018. The multinomial scan statistic found the risk of illness with Javiana was higher in the north and southwest in the fall of 2017 compared to other major serotypes. This serotype-specific clustering analysis will assist in further unpacking the associations between distinct reservoirs and illnesses with major serotypes in Florida.
Hillslope Sediment Supply Limits Alluvial Valley Width
Authors: Tofelde Stefanie , Bufe Aaron , Turowski Jens M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRiver‐valley morphology preserves information on tectonic and climatic conditions that shape landscapes. Observations suggest that river discharge and valley‐wall lithology are the main controls on valley width. Yet, current models based on these observations fail to explain the full range of cross‐sectional valley shapes in nature, suggesting hitherto unquantified controls on valley width. In particular, current models cannot explain the existence of paired terrace sequences that form under cyclic climate forcing. Paired river terraces are staircases of abandoned floodplains on both valley sides, and hence preserve past valley widths. Their formation requires alternating phases of predominantly river incision and predominantly lateral planation, plus progressive valley narrowing. While cyclic Quaternary climate changes can explain shifts between incision and lateral erosion, the driving mechanism of valley narrowing is unknown. Here, we extract valley geometries from climatically formed, alluvial river‐terrace sequences and show that across our dataset, the total cumulative terrace height (here: total valley height) explains 90%–99% of the variance in valley width at the terrace sites. This finding suggests that valley height, or a parameter that scales linearly with valley height, controls valley width in addition to river discharge and lithology. To explain this valley‐width‐height relationship, we reformulate existing valley‐width models and suggest that, when adjusting to new boundary conditions, alluvial valleys evolve to a width at which sediment removal from valley walls matches lateral sediment supply from hillslope erosion. Such a hillslope‐channel coupling is not captured in current valley‐evolution models. Our model can explain the existence of paired terrace sequences under cyclic climate forcing and relates valley width to measurable field parameters. Therefore, it facilitates the reconstruction of past climatic and tectonic conditions from valley topography.
Effect of Aquatic Organic Matter and Global Warming on Accumulation of PAHs in Lakes, East China
Authors: Wan Nannan , Zhang Ruping , Kong Xianglan , Yang Yu , Ran Yong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe sedimentary records of organic matter in lakes can reflect the response of lakes to global warming. Multiple organic proxies in the sediment core samples collected from Luoma Lake and Hongze Lake in Jiangsu were used to expound the effects of global warming and anthropogenic activities on lacustrine productivity and deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Total organic carbon, algal organic matter proxies (S2 and hydrogen index), and nutrients such as total phosphorus and total nitrogen were measured. The source apportionment modeling and the principal component analysis demonstrated that algal organic matter and bacteria organic matter showed an upcore increasing trend and an obvious enrichment effect on PAHs, which was also related to the increasing temperature and algal productivity in the lakes. Global warming enhanced the lacustrine productivity and the accumulation of PAHs in sediments. Therefore, the organic geochemical indicators in lake sediments can effectively reflect the impact of climate warming on the lacustrine productivity and the accumulation of PAHs, and provide data support for the management of lakes.
The DOE E3SM Model Version 2: Overview of the Physical Model and Initial Model Evaluation
Authors: Golaz Jean‐Christophe , Van Roekel Luke P. , Zheng Xue , Roberts Andrew F. , Wolfe Jonathan D. , Lin Wuyin , Bradley Andrew M. , Tang Qi , Maltrud Mathew E. , Forsyth Ryan M. , Zhang Chengzhu , Zhou Tian , Zhang Kai , Zender Charles S. , Wu Mingxuan , Wang Hailong , Turner Adrian K. , Singh Balwinder , Richter Jadwiga H. , Qin Yi , Petersen Mark R. , Mametjanov Azamat , Ma Po‐Lun , Larson Vincent E. , Krishna Jayesh , Keen Noel D. , Jeffery Nicole , Hunke Elizabeth C. , Hannah Walter M. , Guba Oksana , Griffin Brian M. , Feng Yan , Engwirda Darren , Di Vittorio Alan V. , Dang Cheng , Conlon LeAnn M. , Chen Chih‐Chieh‐Jack , Brunke Michael A. , Bisht Gautam , Benedict James J. , Asay‐Davis Xylar S. , Zhang Yuying , Zhang Meng , Zeng Xubin , Xie Shaocheng , Wolfram Phillip J. , Vo Tom , Veneziani Milena , Tesfa Teklu K. , Sreepathi Sarat , Salinger Andrew G. , Reeves Eyre J. E. Jack , Prather Michael J. , Mahajan Salil , Li Qing , Jones Philip W. , Jacob Robert L. , Huebler Gunther W. , Huang Xianglei , Hillman Benjamin R. , Harrop Bryce E. , Foucar James G. , Fang Yilin , Comeau Darin S. , Caldwell Peter M. , Bartoletti Tony , Balaguru Karthik , Taylor Mark A. , McCoy Renata B. , Leung L. Ruby , Bader David C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis work documents version two of the Department of Energy's Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM). E3SMv2 is a significant evolution from its predecessor E3SMv1, resulting in a model that is nearly twice as fast and with a simulated climate that is improved in many metrics. We describe the physical climate model in its lower horizontal resolution configuration consisting of 110 km atmosphere, 165 km land, 0.5° river routing model, and an ocean and sea ice with mesh spacing varying between 60 km in the mid‐latitudes and 30 km at the equator and poles. The model performance is evaluated with Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Characterization of Klima simulations augmented with historical simulations as well as simulations to evaluate impacts of different forcing agents. The simulated climate has many realistic features of the climate system, with notable improvements in clouds and precipitation compared to E3SMv1. E3SMv1 suffered from an excessively high equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) of 5.3 K. In E3SMv2, ECS is reduced to 4.0 K which is now within the plausible range based on a recent World Climate Research Program assessment. However, a number of important biases remain including a weak Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, deficiencies in the characteristics and spectral distribution of tropical atmospheric variability, and a significant underestimation of the observed warming in the second half of the historical period. An analysis of single‐forcing simulations indicates that correcting the historical temperature bias would require a substantial reduction in the magnitude of the aerosol‐related forcing.
Advances in regenerative medicine applications of tetrahedral framework nucleic acid-based nanomaterials: an expert consensus recommendation
Authors: Lin Yunfeng , Li Qian , Wang Lihua , Guo Quanyi , Liu Shuyun , Zhu Shihui , Sun Yu , Fan Yujiang , Sun Yong , Li Haihang , Tian Xudong , Luo Delun , Shi Sirong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWith the emergence of DNA nanotechnology in the 1980s, self-assembled DNA nanostructures have attracted considerable attention worldwide due to their inherent biocompatibility, unsurpassed programmability, and versatile functions. Especially promising nanostructures are tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs), first proposed by Turberfield with the use of a one-step annealing approach. Benefiting from their various merits, such as simple synthesis, high reproducibility, structural stability, cellular internalization, tissue permeability, and editable functionality, tFNAs have been widely applied in the biomedical field as three-dimensional DNA nanomaterials. Surprisingly, tFNAs exhibit positive effects on cellular biological behaviors and tissue regeneration, which may be used to treat inflammatory and degenerative diseases. According to their intended application and carrying capacity, tFNAs could carry functional nucleic acids or therapeutic molecules through extended sequences, sticky-end hybridization, intercalation, and encapsulation based on the Watson and Crick principle. Additionally, dynamic tFNAs also have potential applications in controlled and targeted therapies. This review summarized the latest progress in pure/modified/dynamic tFNAs and demonstrated their regenerative medicine applications. These applications include promoting the regeneration of the bone, cartilage, nerve, skin, vasculature, or muscle and treating diseases such as bone defects, neurological disorders, joint-related inflammatory diseases, periodontitis, and immune diseases.
Small molecule-assisted synthesis of carbon supported platinum intermetallic fuel cell catalysts
Authors: Song Tian-Wei , Xu Cong , Sheng Zhu-Tao , Yan Hui-Kun , Tong Lei , Liu Jun , Zeng Wei-Jie , Zuo Lu-Jie , Yin Peng , Zuo Ming , Chu Sheng-Qi , Chen Ping , Liang Hai-Wei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSupported ordered intermetallic compounds exhibit superior catalytic performance over their disordered alloy counterparts in diverse reactions. But the synthesis of intermetallic compounds catalysts often requires high-temperature annealing that leads to the sintering of metals into larger crystallites. Herein, we report a small molecule-assisted impregnation approach to realize the general synthesis of a family of intermetallic catalysts, consisting of 18 binary platinum intermetallic compounds supported on carbon blacks. The molecular additives containing heteroatoms (that is, O, N, or S) can be coordinated with platinum in impregnation and thermally converted into heteroatom-doped graphene layers in high-temperature annealing, which significantly suppress alloy sintering and insure the formation of small-sized intermetallic catalysts. The prepared optimal PtCo intermetallics as cathodic oxygen-reduction catalysts exhibit a high mass activity of 1.08 A mgPt–1 at 0.9 V in H2-O2 fuel cells and a rated power density of 1.17 W cm–2 in H2-air fuel cells.
BRCA mutational status shapes the stromal microenvironment of pancreatic cancer linking clusterin expression in cancer associated fibroblasts with HSF1 signaling
Authors: Shaashua Lee , Ben-Shmuel Aviad , Pevsner-Fischer Meirav , Friedman Gil , Levi-Galibov Oshrat , Nandakumar Subhiksha , Barki Debra , Nevo Reinat , Brown Lauren E. , Zhang Wenhan , Stein Yaniv , Lior Chen , Kim Han Sang , Bojmar Linda , Jarnagin William R. , Lecomte Nicolas , Mayer Shimrit , Stok Roni , Bishara Hend , Hamodi Rawand , Levy-Lahad Ephrat , Golan Talia , Porco John A. , Iacobuzio-Donahue Christine A. , Schultz Nikolaus , Tuveson David A. , Lyden David , Kelsen David , Scherz-Shouval Ruth 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTumors initiate by mutations in cancer cells, and progress through interactions of the cancer cells with non-malignant cells of the tumor microenvironment. Major players in the tumor microenvironment are cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which support tumor malignancy, and comprise up to 90% of the tumor mass in pancreatic cancer. CAFs are transcriptionally rewired by cancer cells. Whether this rewiring is differentially affected by different mutations in cancer cells is largely unknown. Here we address this question by dissecting the stromal landscape of BRCA-mutated and BRCA Wild-type pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. We comprehensively analyze pancreatic cancer samples from 42 patients, revealing different CAF subtype compositions in germline BRCA-mutated vs. BRCA Wild-type tumors. In particular, we detect an increase in a subset of immune-regulatory clusterin-positive CAFs in BRCA-mutated tumors. Using cancer organoids and mouse models we show that this process is mediated through activation of heat-shock factor 1, the transcriptional regulator of clusterin. Our findings unravel a dimension of stromal heterogeneity influenced by germline mutations in cancer cells, with direct implications for clinical research.
Circular RNA circBNC2 inhibits epithelial cell G2-M arrest to prevent fibrotic maladaptive repair
Authors: Wang Peng , Huang Zhitao , Peng Yili , Li Hongwei , Lin Tong , Zhao Yingyu , Hu Zheng , Zhou Zhanmei , Zhou Weijie , Liu Youhua , Hou Fan Fan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe mechanisms underlying fibrogenic responses after injury are not well understood. Epithelial cell cycle arrest in G2/M after injury is a key checkpoint for determining wound-healing leading to either normal cell proliferation or fibrosis. Here, we identify a kidney- and liver-enriched circular RNA, circBNC2, which is abundantly expressed in normal renal tubular cells and hepatocytes but significantly downregulated after acute ischemic or toxic insult. Loss of circBNC2 is at least partially mediated by upregulation of DHX9. Gain- and loss-of-function studies, both in vitro and in vivo, demonstrate that circBNC2 acts as a negative regulator of cell G2/M arrest by encoding a protein that promotes formation of CDK1/cyclin B1 complexes. Restoring circBNC2 in experimentally-induced male mouse models of fibrotic kidney and liver, decreases G2/M arrested cell numbers with secretion of fibrotic factors, thereby mitigating extracellular matrix deposition and fibrosis. Decreased expression of circBNC2 and increased G2/M arrest of epithelial cells are recapitulated in human ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI)-induced chronic kidney disease and inflammation-induced liver fibrosis, highlighting the clinical relevance. These findings suggest that restoring circBNC2 might represent a potential strategy for therapeutic intervention in epithelial organ fibrosis.
Revealing the pulse-induced electroplasticity by decoupling electron wind force
Authors: Li Xing , Zhu Qi , Hong Youran , Zheng He , Wang Jian , Wang Jiangwei , Zhang Ze 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMicro/nano electromechanical systems and nanodevices often suffer from degradation under electrical pulse. However, the origin of pulse-induced degradation remains an open question. Herein, we investigate the defect dynamics in Au nanocrystals under pulse conditions. By decoupling the electron wind force via a properly-designed in situ TEM electropulsing experiment, we reveal a non-directional migration of Σ3{112} incoherent twin boundary upon electropulsing, in contrast to the expected directional migration under electron wind force. Quantitative analyses demonstrate that such exceptional incoherent twin boundary migration is governed by the electron-dislocation interaction that enhances the atom vibration at dislocation cores, rather than driven by the electron wind force in classic model. Our observations provide valuable insights into the origin of electroplasticity in metallic materials at the atomic level, which are of scientific and technological significances to understanding the electromigration and resultant electrical damage/failure in micro/nano-electronic devices.
Declining metal availability in the Mesozoic seawater reflected in phytoplankton succession
Authors: Zhang Qiong , Bendif El Mahdi , Zhou Yu , Nevado Bruno , Shafiee Roxana , Rickaby Rosalind E. M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVariable trace metal concentrations in the Precambrian ocean were closely linked to oxygen availability, although less is known about the drivers of seawater trace metal chemistry after the spread of complex life into the Phanerozoic eon. A major phytoplankton succession took place at the transition from the Palaeozoic to the Mesozoic era (~250 Myr ago), from an ocean dominated by the green Archaeplastida to secondary endosymbiotic algae with red-algal-derived plastids. Here, our comparative genomic analysis of 26 complete proteomes and metal domain analysis of additional 608 partially complete sequences of phytoplankton reveal that groups with different evolutionary history have distinct metal-binding proteins and contrasting metal acquisition strategies, adapted to differing availability of trace metals. The secondary-endosymbiont-bearing lineages are better adapted to well-oxygenated, nutrient-poor environments. This is supported by an enhanced thiol-based binding affinity of their transporters, coupled with minimized proteomic requirement for trace elements such as iron, copper and zinc at both protein and domain levels. Such different metal requirements across these lineages suggest a drastic decline in open-ocean trace metal concentrations at the inception of the Mesozoic, contributing to the shifts in phytoplankton communities that drove major changes in ocean chemical buffering.
Quality and safety investigation of commonly used topical cosmetic preparations
Authors: Almukainzi May , Alotaibi Lubna , Abdulwahab Anfal , Albukhary Nada , El Mahdy Areej M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCosmetic and personal care products are considered an essential part of our daily care routine; hence, these products must be stable and safe for human use. This study aimed to assess the quality and safety of the most common cosmetic preparations. To select the products to be tested, a cross-sectional survey was distributed featuring the most used types and brands of products. Based on 447 responses from both males and females with different ages and education levels, 21 products from different brands were selected and tested in terms of microbial load, heavy metal content, and organoleptic properties. Microbial contamination was investigated using the aerobic plate count method. Lead (Pb), aluminum (Al), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and arsenic (As) impurities were analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The products included sunblock, lip balm, hand cream, hair cream, shampoo, cleanser, baby oil, baby powder, bar soap, hair dye, makeup, deodorant, hair serum, shaving gel, and toothpaste. Microbial contamination was found in 14 of the products, ranging between 1467.5 and 299.5 cfu/ml. The most commonly isolated microorganisms were Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus species. Most of the tested products showed metal impurities, with toothpaste having the highest concentrations of Pb, Cr, As, Cu and Ni. The samples did not show lumps or discoloration, did not have characteristic odors, and had pH values ranging from 6.90 to 8.10. The continuous usage of such products could lead to serious negative consequences. As a result, ensuring the quality of cosmetic products is critical. Regulatory authorities are required to enforce strict legislation on cosmetic manufacturing to assess and ensure the quality and safety of the products before they reach consumers.
Thermal-stress-induced birefringence management of complex laser systems by means of polarimetry
Authors: Slezák Ondřej , Sawicka-Chyla Magdalena , Divoký Martin , Pilař Jan , Smrž Martin , Mocek Tomáš 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe novel method of the thermally-induced polarization changes driven power losses (TIPCL) analysis in the complex laser systems has been developed. The measurement has been tested on the amplifier chain of the 100 J / 10 Hz laser system ‘Bivoj’ operated at HiLASE Centre. By the usage of the measured non-uniform Mueller matrix of the amplifier chain, the optimization of the ideal input and output polarization state has been calculated numerically. The results of the optimization have been applied to the laser system, thus reducing the TIPCL from originally observed more than 33% to 7.9% for CW beam and to 9% for pulsed laser beam, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this result represents the most efficient TIPCL suppression method for complex laser systems so far. The method also allows the definition of the ideal fully polarized non-uniform pre-compensation of input beam consequently suffering from zero TIPCL.
Impacts of accelerating deployment of offshore windfarms on near-surface climate
Authors: Akhtar Naveed , Geyer Beate , Schrum Corinna 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe European Union has set the ambitious goal of becoming climate neutral by 2050, which has stimulated renewable energy production and accelerated the deployment of offshore wind energy in the North Sea. Here, a high-resolution regional climate model was used to investigate the impact on the sea surface climate of large-scale offshore wind farms that are proposed for the North Sea. The results show a significant reduction in the air-sea heat fluxes and a local, annual mean net cooling of the lower atmosphere in the wind farm areas down to more than 2.0 Wm−2, due to a decrease in 10 m wind speed and turbulent kinetic energy and an increase in low-level clouds. Mean surface winds decreased by approximately 1 ms−1 downstream of wind farms. Furthermore, an increase of approximately 5% in mean precipitation was found over the wind farm areas. At a seasonal timescale, these differences are higher during winter and autumn than in other seasons. Although the offshore wind farms reduce the heat transport from the ocean to the atmosphere in the region of large wind farms, the atmospheric layers below the hub height show an increase in temperature, which is on the order of up to 10% of the climate change signal at the end of the century, but it is much smaller than the interannual climate variability. In contrast, wind speed changes are larger than projected mean wind speed changes due to climate change. Our results suggest that the impacts of large clustered offshore wind farms should be considered in climate change impact studies. Moreover, the identified offshore windfarm impacts on the sea surface climate and the introduced spatial pattern in atmospheric conditions, in particular the modeled wind speed changes, suggest potential impacts on local ocean dynamics and the structure of the marine ecosystem. This should be considered in future scenarios for the North Sea marine environment and taken into account as a structuring influence in the offshore environment.