bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of G6PD deficiency and G6PD variants amongst the southern Thai population
Authors: Nuinoon Manit , Krithong Rungnapha , Pramtong Suputcha , Sasuk Piyawit , Ngeaiad Chompunuch , Chaimusik Sathanan , Kanboonma Jiraporn , Sarakul Orawan 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundGlucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is an enzyme essential for NADPH production and protecting cells, especially red blood cells, from free radicals. The oxidative stress from drugs, chemicals, and infections can induce red blood cell hemolysis in G6PD deficiency patients, causing a genetic disorder.ObjectivesThis study aims to provide more information on G6PD deficiency prevalence and the G6PD variants in the southern Thai population.MethodsFive hundred and twenty healthy subjects in 14 provinces in the southern part of Thailand participated in the study. EDTA-blood samples were collected for a hematological parameters study, G6PD deficiency screening, and a molecular study for G6PD mutation. G6PD deficiency screening was tested using a fluorescent spot test. The types of G6PD mutation were identified by the allele-specific PCR method.ResultsThe prevalence of G6PD deficiency in southern Thailand was 6.1% (14/228) in males and 9.6% (28/292) in females. Two homozygous and 26 heterozygous G6PD deficiencies were found in females. G6PD Viangchan (871G>A) was the most common variant with 43%, followed by G6PD Mahidol (487G>A), 24% with an allele frequency of 0.025 and 0.012, respectively. Uncharacterized mutations existed in three samples. The study volunteers had anemia in 36.6% (107/292) females and 7.5% (17/228) males. Among G6PD deficiency subjects, only ten partial G6PD deficiency females had mild anemia.ConclusionsThis study suggests that the prevalence of G6PD deficiency in southern Thailand aligns with that of other parts of Thailand. Newborn screening for G6PD deficiency is recommended for personal information and medical reference to prevent acute hemolysis from oxidative stressors.
Financial Incentives to Facilities and Clinicians Treating Patients With End-stage Kidney Disease and Use of Home Dialysis
Authors: Ji Yunan , Einav Liran , Mahoney Neale , Finkelstein Amy 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceHome dialysis rates for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) treatment are substantially lower in the US than in other high-income countries, yet there is limited knowledge on how to increase these rates.ObjectiveTo report results from the first year of a nationwide randomized clinical trial that provides financial incentives to ESKD facilities and managing clinicians to increase home dialysis rates.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsResults were analyzed from the first year of the End-Stage Renal Disease Treatment Choice (ETC) model, a multiyear, mandatory-participation randomized clinical trial designed and implemented by the US Center for Medicare &amp;amp; Medicaid Innovation. Data were reported on Medicare patients with ESKD 66 years or older who initiated treatment with dialysis in 2021, with data collection through December 31, 2021; the study included all eligible ESKD facilities and managing clinicians. Eligible hospital referral regions (HRRs) were randomly assigned to the ETC (91 HRRs) or a control group (211 HRRs).InterventionsThe ESKD facilities and managing clinicians received financial incentives for home dialysis use.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the percentage of patients with ESKD who received any home dialysis during the first 90 days of treatment. Secondary outcomes included other measures of home dialysis and patient volume and characteristics.ResultsAmong the 302 HRRs eligible for randomization, 18 621 eligible patients initiated dialysis treatment during the study period (mean [SD] age, 74.8 [1.05] years; 7856 women [42.1%]; 10 765 men [57.9%]; 859 Asian [5.2%], 3280 [17.7%] Black, 730 [4.3%] Hispanic, 239 North American Native, and 12 394 managing clinicians. The mean (SD) share of patients with any home dialysis during the first 90 days was 20.6% (7.8%) in the control group and was 0.12 percentage points higher (95% CI, −1.42 to 1.65 percentage points; P = .88) in the ETC group, a statistically nonsignificant difference. None of the secondary outcomes differed significantly between groups.Conclusions and RelevanceThe trial results found that in the first year of the US Center for Medicare &amp;amp; Medicaid Innovation–designed ETC model, HRRs assigned to the model did not have statistically significantly different rates in home dialysis compared with control HRRs. This raises questions about the efficacy of the financial incentives provided, although further evaluation is needed, as the size of these incentives will increase in subsequent years.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05005572
Prevalence of Local Postoperative Complications and Breast Implant Illness in Women With Breast Implants
Authors: Lieffering Annemiek S. , Hommes Juliëtte E. , Ramerman Lotte , Rakhorst Hinne A. , Mureau Marc A. M. , Verheij Robert A. , van der Hulst René R. W. J. 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceIt is unknown how often breast implant illness (BII) is the indication for revision in women with silicone breast implants.ObjectiveTo examine how often women with silicone breast implants have their implants explanted or replaced because of BII compared with local postoperative complications.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA legacy cohort study on breast implant revision surgery was conducted between April 1, 2015, and December 31, 2020, and a prospective cohort study on breast implantation and revision surgery was conducted between April 1, 2015, and December 31, 2019 (with follow-up until December 31, 2020). Data were obtained from the Dutch Breast Implant Registry. Data analysis was performed from September 2021 to August 2022.ExposuresSilicone breast implant.Main Outcomes and MeasuresBreast implant revision with the indication BII or local postoperative complications.ResultsAll 12 882 cosmetic breast implants (6667 women; mean [SD] age, 50.6 [12.7] years) and 2945 reconstructive breast implants (2139 women, mean [SD] age, 57.9 [11.3] years) in the legacy cohort and all 47 564 cosmetic breast implants (24 120 women, mean [SD] age, 32.3 [9.7] years) and 5928 reconstructive breast implants (4688 women, mean [SD] age, 50.9 [11.5] years) in the prospective cohort were included for analysis. In the prospective cohort, 739 cosmetic breast implants (1.6%) were revised after a median (IQR) time to reoperation of 1.8 (0.9-3.1) years, and 697 reconstructive breast implants (11.8%) were revised after a median (IQR) time to reoperation of 1.1 (0.5-1.9) years. BII was registered as the reason for revision in 35 cosmetic revisions (4.7%) and 5 reconstructive revisions (0.7%) in the prospective cohort, corresponding to 0.1% of the inserted implants. In the legacy cohort, 536 cosmetic revisions (4.2%) and 80 reconstructive breast implant revisions (2.7%) were performed because of BII.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of women with silicone breast implants, BII was an uncommon indication for revision compared with local complications, both in the short and long term. In contrast to the increasing public interest in BII, these results showed that local complications are a far more common reason for breast implant revision.
Genetics of COVID‐19 and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: a systematic review
Authors: Tziastoudi Maria , Cholevas Christos , Stefanidis Ioannis , Theoharides Theoharis C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCOVID‐19 and ME/CFS present with some similar symptoms, especially physical and mental fatigue. In order to understand the basis of these similarities and the possibility of underlying common genetic components, we performed a systematic review of all published genetic association and cohort studies regarding COVID‐19 and ME/CFS and extracted the genes along with the genetic variants investigated. We then performed gene ontology and pathway analysis of those genes that gave significant results in the individual studies to yield functional annotations of the studied genes using protein analysis through evolutionary relationships (PANTHER) VERSION 17.0 software. Finally, we identified the common genetic components of these two conditions. Seventy‐one studies for COVID‐19 and 26 studies for ME/CFS were included in the systematic review in which the expression of 97 genes for COVID‐19 and 429 genes for ME/CFS were significantly affected. We found that ACE, HLA‐A, HLA‐C, HLA‐DQA1, HLA‐DRB1, and TYK2 are the common genes that gave significant results. The findings of the pathway analysis highlight the contribution of inflammation mediated by chemokine and cytokine signaling pathways, and the T cell activation and Toll receptor signaling pathways. Protein class analysis revealed the contribution of defense/immunity proteins, as well as protein‐modifying enzymes. Our results suggest that the pathogenesis of both syndromes could involve some immune dysfunction.
The effect of emotional prosody on content learning in Swedish school children
Authors: Dylman Alexandra S. , Champoux‐Larsson Marie‐France 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLearning new information constitutes a fundamental part of children's school years. Reently, studies have found beneficial effects of emotion on learning and memory. Here, we specifically examined the effect of positive emotional prosody on content learning in two groups of Swedish school children (ages 8–10 and 11–13 years). The participants listened to auditory information spoken in a positive or neutral tone of voice and were asked content‐based questions about the information. For the younger children, no difference was found between the number of correct answers to the questions for the positive compared to the neutral tone of voice. The older children, however, had significantly more correct answers in the positive compared to the neutral condition, suggesting that positive emotional prosody can have beneficial effects on content learning, at least in older children. These results may have implications for educational psychology, and the development of Information and Communication Technology.
Association Between Neighborhood Deprivation and Number of Rheumatology Providers
Authors: Mbonu Ikechukwu , Tai Shannon , Bartels Christie M. , Putman Michael 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveGeographic disparities in the distribution and practice patterns of rheumatology providers may negatively impact patients with rheumatic diseases. The objective of this study was to describe the distribution of rheumatologists with respect to the Area Deprivation Index (ADI) and to identify differences in practice patterns among Medicare Part D rheumatologist prescribers.MethodsWe identified 5,882 rheumatologists who served a mean ± SD of 280 ± 208 Medicare Part D beneficiaries per year. In a Poisson regression model of the number of rheumatologists and the ADI of their practice location, for every increase of 10 on the ADI scale (range 0–100; higher = higher deprivation), there were 20.3% fewer rheumatologists (P < 0.001), resulting in 2.1 times as many rheumatologists per 100,000 people in the first ADI quintile when compared to the fifth ADI quintile.ResultsThe number of rheumatologists peaked in 2016 and decreased steadily thereafter across all quintiles. The prescribing rate per 100 beneficiaries was significantly different between quintiles across all studied drug classes except for opioids, but the trends were inconsistent and of unclear clinical significance.ConclusionRheumatologists tended to practice in areas with less deprivation, resulting in twice as many rheumatologists per 100,000 people in the quintile of lowest deprivation as opposed to the quintile with the highest deprivation. Public policy makers should be aware of these data and take steps to mitigate disparities in access to care as the rheumatology workforce shrinks.
Increasing the Efficiency of Thermoresponsive Actuation at the Microscale by Direct Laser Writing of pNIPAM
Authors: Spratte Tobias , Geiger Sophie , Colombo Federico , Mishra Ankit , Taale Mohammadreza , Hsu Li‐Yun , Blasco Eva , Selhuber‐Unkel Christine 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThermoresponsive hydrogels such as poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) are highly interesting materials for generating soft actuator systems. Whereas the material has so far mostly been used in macroscopic systems, here it is demonstrated that pNIPAM is an excellent material for generating actuator systems at the micrometer scale. Two‐photon direct laser writing is used to precisely structure thermoresponsive pNIPAM hydrogels at the micrometer scale based on a photosensitive resist. This study systematically shows that the surface‐to‐volume ratio of the microactuators is decisive to their actuation efficiency. The phase transition of the pNIPAM is also demonstrated by nanoindentation experiments. It is observed that the mechanical properties of the material can easily be adjusted by the writing process. Finally, it is found that not only the total size and surface structure of the microactuator play an important role, but also the crosslinking of the polymer itself. The results demonstrate for the first time a systematic study of pNIPAM‐based microactuators, which can easily be extended to systems of microactuators that act cooperatively, e.g., in microvalves.
Transparent Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Mardegan Lorenzo , Paliwal Abhyuday , Zanoni Kassio P. S. , Tordera Daniel , Bolink Henk J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSingle layer light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) are amongst the simplest electroluminescent devices and operate with air‐stable electrodes. Transparent light‐emitting devices are of great interest as they can enable new applications in consumer electronics. In this work, a transparent ionic transition metal complex based LEC is fabricated by developing a transparent top contact based on tin (IV) oxide (SnO2) and indium‐tin oxide, processed by low‐temperature atomic layer deposition and pulsed laser deposition, respectively. The resulting devices present transparency in excess of 75% over the full visible spectrum (380–750 nm), with 82% transmission at the emission peak (563 nm). The devices emit from the front and the rear with high luminance (260 cd m−2) and long lifetime (176 h). These parameters place them among the highest performing single layer transparent electroluminescent devices.
Hydrogenated Germanene Nanosheets as an Antioxidative Defense Agent for Acute Kidney Injury Treatment
Authors: Chen Zhixin , Qi Fenggang , Qiu Wujie , Wu Chenyao , Zong Ming , Ge Min , Xu Deliang , You Yanling , Zhu Ya‐Xuan , Zhang Zhimin , Lin Han , Shi Jianlin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a sudden kidney dysfunction caused by aberrant reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism that results in high clinical mortality. The rapid development of ROS scavengers provides new opportunities for AKI treatment. Herein, the use of hydrogen‐terminated germanene (H‐germanene) nanosheets is reported as an antioxidative defense nanoplatform against AKI in mice. The simulation results show that 2D H‐germanene can effectively scavenge ROS through free radical adsorption and subsequent redox reactions. In particular, the H‐germanene exhibits high accumulation in injured kidneys, thereby offering a favorable opportunity for treating renal diseases. In the glycerol‐induced murine AKI model, H‐germanene delivers robust antioxidative protection against ROS attack to maintain normal kidney function indicators without negative influence in vivo. This positive in vivo antioxidative defense in living animals demonstrates that the present H‐germanene nanoplatform is a powerful antioxidant against AKI and various anti‐inflammatory diseases.
Revealing An Intercalation‐Conversion‐Heterogeneity Hybrid Lithium‐Ion Storage Mechanism in Transition Metal Nitrides Electrodes with Jointly Fast Charging Capability and High Energy Output
Authors: Li Fei , Li Yadong , Zhao Linyi , Liu Jie , Zuo Fengkai , Gu Fangchao , Liu Hengjun , Liu Renbin , Li Yuhao , Zhan Jiqiang , Li Qiang , Li Hongsen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe performance of electrode materials depends intensively on the lithium (Li)‐ion storage mechanisms correlating ultimately with the Coulombic efficiency, reversible capacity, and morphology variation of electrode material upon cycling. Transition metal nitrides anode materials have exhibited high‐energy density and superior rate capability; however, the intrinsic mechanism is largely unexplored and still unclear. Here, a typical 3D porous Fe2N micro‐coral anode is prepared and, an intercalation–conversion–heterogeneity hybrid Li‐ion storage mechanism that is beyond the conventional intercalation or conversion reaction is revealed through various characterization techniques and thermodynamic analysis. Interestingly, using advanced in situ magnetometry, the ratio (ca. 24.4%) of the part where conversion reaction occurs to the entire Fe2N can further be quantified. By rationally constructing a Li‐ion capacitor comprising 3D porous Fe2N micro‐corals anode and commercial AC cathode, the hybrid full device delivers a high energy‐density (157 Wh kg−1) and high power‐density (20 000 W kg−1), as well as outstanding cycling stability (93.5% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles). This research provides an original and insightful method to confirm the reaction mechanism of material related to transition metals and a fundamental basis for emerging fast charging electrode materials to be efficiently explored for a next‐generation battery.
Janus Charged Droplet Manipulation Mediated by Invisible Charge Walls
Authors: Sun Qiangqiang , Hu Xuanming , Xu Boran , Lin Shiji , Deng Xu , Zhou Shaobing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe ability to control the mobility and function of droplets is fundamental to developing open surface microfluidics. Despite notable progress in the manipulation of droplets, the existing strategies are still limited in functionalizing droplets. Herein, the coupling of droplet motion and functionalization elicited by an invisible charge wall is reported. The charged superamphiphobic surface is overlapped with a conductor to induce free charge, creating the invisible charge wall at the overlapping boundary. The charge wall can trap droplets and polarize them into Janus charged state. It is found that the trapping degree and the charge distribution in the Janus charged droplet depend on the original surface charge on the superamphiphobic surface. The invisible charge wall can also be established at diverse boundary curvatures, allowing to design pathways for droplet manipulations. Furthermore, the enrichment of protein and nanomaterial in the manipulated Janus charged droplet is demonstrated. The strategy provides a potential microfluidic platform with orthogonal functionalities.
Single‐Crystalline Ni‐Rich LiNixMnyCo1−x−yO2 Cathode Materials: A Perspective
Authors: Zhang Hao , He Xinzi , Chen Zonghai , Yang Yang , Xu Hong , Wang Li , He Xiangming 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo drive electrical vehicles for long‐range, the energy density of Li‐ion batteries must be further enhanced, which requires high‐energy cathode materials. Among them, Ni‐rich LiNixMnyCo1−x–yO2 (x > 0.5, NMC) is one of the most promising candidates. However, traditional poly‐crystal (PC) NMC materials, whose particles are secondary clusters consisting of many primary crystalline particles, are susceptible to pulverization along the inter grain/particle boundaries, resulting in poor cycle stability. Recently, single crystal (SC)‐NMC cathodes are proposed as they are believed to have several merits such as high structural integrity, lower interface with electrolyte, and potentially better energy storage performance. Nevertheless, several queries, such as the merits of SC structure and the mechanism for their structure degradation, are still controversial and required to be addressed. Herein, the synthesis parameters, properties, energy storage as well as safety of SC‐ and PC‐NMC cathodes with various Ni contents are critically reviewed, for clarifying the merits and drawbacks of SC. Furthermore, the study focuses on the recent advances of insight mechanisms and strategies for stabilizing the structure/interface by doping, morphology engineering, surface coating, and composition tailoring. The remaining challenges, safety concerns, and perspectives to enhance the electrochemical performance of SC‐NMC cathodes for electric vehicle application are followed.
Sulfur Cathodes with Self‐Organized Cellulose Nanofibers in Stable Ah‐Level, >300 Wh kg−1 Lithium–Sulfur Cells
Authors: Huang Yingyi , Shaibani Mahdokht , Abedin Md. Joynul , Mendoza David Joram , Xu Zhou , Gamot Tanesh Dinesh , Cooray Mahamarakkalage Chrishani Dilusha , Lin Maoqi , Garnier Gil , Hill Matthew Roland , Majumder Mainak 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe realization of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries as an energy storage technology depends on unlocking practical performance at commercially relevant pouch cell scales. Typically, the heterogeneous and porous nature of large scale, high sulfur loading Li–S batteries require increased electrolyte levels and impede electronic conductivity. Improved cathode structures offer a pathway to strong performance at large battery scales. Here, the successful development of a new cathode using highly‐carboxylated and negatively surface charged cellulose nanofibers as a backbone that addresses these issues and delivers an ordered, dense architecture whilst maintaining long term cycle life, is reported. Taken together this leads to an Ah‐level pouch cell with a peak capacity above 1200 mAh g−1 and an areal capacity of around 15 mAh cm−2, which achieves a high gravimetric energy density of up to 330 Wh kg−1 and volumetric energy density of 480 Wh L−1. The cell is used to power a drone for 10 min, demonstrating the ability of this discovery to be translated at practical scales.
α‐Acylation of Alkenes by a Single Photocatalyst
Authors: Cheng Yuan‐Yuan , Hou Hong‐Yu , Liu Yu , Yu Ji‐Xin , Chen Bin , Tung Chen‐Ho , Wu Li‐Zhu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA direct strategy for the difunctionalization of alkenes, with acylation occurring at the more substituted alkene position, would be attractive for complex ketone synthesis. We report herein a reaction driven by a single photocatalyst that enables α‐acylation in this way with the introduction of a fluoromethyl, alkyl, sulfonyl or thioether group at the β‐position of the alkene with high chemo‐ and regioselectivity under extremely mild conditions. Crucial to the success of this method are rate differences in the kinetics of radical generation through single‐electron transfer (SET) between different radical precursors and the excited photocatalyst (PC*). Thus, the β‐position of the alkene is first occupied by the group derived from the radical precursor that can be generated most readily, and α‐keto acids could be used as an electrophilic reagent for the α‐acylation of alkenes.