bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Populism as Mobilization and as a Party
Authors: Arato Andrew , Cohen Jean L. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter articulates the impact of the populist logic on the type of movements and parties formed. It analyses the dynamics and impact of populist mobilization on competitive party systems in constitutional democracies. It argues that key elements of populist logic—the pars pro toto conception of political representation, the friend–enemy conception of politics, the anti-establishment/anti-elite posture even when in power, and the anti–status quo orientation of populist parties—foster factionalism, severe affective political polarization, the movementization of parties and the evisceration of democratic norms and institutions. Populists create a specific type of catch-all movement-party—one that blurs the distinct logics of social movements and political parties with deleterious effects on political competition. Populist logic prevents populists in government from deescalating their demands; from abandoning their movement style rhetoric, tactics, or posturing; from renouncing outbidding; and from ceasing to demonize the opposition. This makes compromise impossible and responsible governance very unlikely.
The Dark Side and Leader Derailment
Authors: Leslie Jean Brittain 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Why do leaders, in the eyes of their organizations, not live up to their full career potential? Over five decades of derailment research has focused on the answer to this question. Studies on derailment, a metaphor for a train coming off the track, have examined leaders’ maladaptive behaviors, dark-side personality characteristics, and dynamics that result in considerable damage to individuals and organizations. This chapter provides an historical overview of leader derailment from the 1960s to today and presents the role of dark-side personality traits in explaining derailed leaders’ behaviors. Comparisons of successful leaders to derailed leaders and the processes of derailment are discussed to better understand the full array of factors that can lead to leader derailment. The chapter closes by identifying the costs of derailment to leaders, coworkers, and organizations.
Assessing the Dark SideMaking Informed Decisions Throughout the Leadership Lifecycle
Authors: Rotolo Christopher T. , Bracken David W. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Everyone has run into dark-side leaders at work—those who tend to demonstrate dark-side characteristics more often, and in more situations, than typical leaders in an organization. Employees intuitively assume that talent management tools and processes will adequately expose such leaders and behaviors. However, they often fail to do so, and quite often such processes actually promote dark-side behaviors. Assessment is at the heart of talent management and plays a pivotal role in either permitting or preventing dark-side behavior. This chapter looks at each stage of the leadership lifecycle—attraction, hiring, onboarding, development, appraisal, and advancement—and studies how talent assessment might purposefully or inadvertently support dark-side behaviors, and how organizations can improve their talent assessments to keep the dark side out. A review of existing dark-side measures reminds readers that there are a variety of considerations that organizations should heed when using such measures. Lastly, the authors outline several best practices for using talent assessments for keeping the dark side out of organizations.
Getting Back on Course
Authors: Kirschner Jonathan , Zamora Justin P. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to present a model that demonstrates how executive coaching can help a leader who is at risk of derailing. The authors examine the leadership derailment literature and take a particular stand on how the stressors of leadership contribute to derailment. The authors present a conceptual framework for executive coaching, known as the AIIR Method, that can serve as a lifeline to struggling leaders, helping them to become more effective and thus increasing the likelihood that they will achieve their respective organizational mandates. By breaking down the conceptual aspects of the AIIR Method, the authors demonstrate how each phase of the coaching process provides a leader with clarity, which activates behavior change that can be sustained over time. The chapter shows how this model is commonly applied through a case study and concludes with a focus on future research and investigation of this important topic.
Power and Political Science
Authors: Parietti Guido 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the implications of a proper understanding of power for political science, particularly but not exclusively focusing on the conceptual underpinnings of quantitative approaches. Two distinctions are introduced—between power and causality and between possibility and probability—and their implications for the scientific study of politics are explored. While the explicit equivalence between power and causation is no longer as prevalent as it used to be, the focus on causality still contributes to obscuring the understanding of our concept. This tendency is reinforced and compounded through the use of probability—a concept that is seemingly close to possibility but is actually a subset of necessity—which is the governing concept for the attempt to objectify and “tame” politics’ unruly irregularity. A broader approach, centered on the faculty of judgment, is instead necessary to be able to make sense of possibilities as well as of necessities. The last section of this chapter will thus discuss the centrality of judgment to the understanding of power, and thereby politics, in contrast to the causal frameworks that dominate contemporary political science.
Sports Fans
Authors: Cottingham Marci D. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter turns to the case of sports fans to illustrate how an emotion practice approach helps us understand emotions in and beyond emotional highs. Sports fans can be caricatured for their proclivity toward hooliganism, with less attention to the emotions of belonging and connection that fandom fosters. Fandom provides the emotional capital that can carry fans through major life events. Seeing these fan emotions as practical engagements, this chapter shows how symbols—as charged-up stores of emotional capital—can be used pragmatically to help bind families, acquaintances, and even strangers. Under this transfer of emotional capital, though, lies a racial hierarchy in which the bodily capital of a few is transformed into emotional capital for others. Symbols become charged with emotional capital, but it is only through the bodily capital of a predominately African American workforce in American football that the profitable emotional economy of sports fandom is possible.
Viral Fear
Authors: Cottingham Marci D. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter turns to the political framing of emotion during public health crises. We zoom out to a broader collective level to examine how emotions come to be framed as primarily a problem to be managed, rather than a resource to be tapped. This framing aligns with the dominant view of emotion as antithetical to reason but is at odds with the empirical data from disaster scholars. An emotion practice approach explains why political leaders continue to perpetuate the “panic myth”—the belief that the public will panic during a crisis and act in irrational and unhelpful ways—by noting the value of this framing for their own political positions. Transforming their emotional capital into political capital means emphasizing their legitimacy to lead through a foil of a panicking collective. These findings have broad implications for how we confront collective challenges, including pandemics, climate change, and widespread inequality.
The Dynamics of Reform
Authors: Lehner Ulrich L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of the meaning of “reform” in Early Modern Catholicism. It demonstrates that the Catholic idea of reform differed dramatically from how Protestants defined this term. Catholics understood it as the restoration of the pristine form of a now-deformed church as well as an improvement of church structures and the methods of catechesis but excluded the change of articles of faith from a reform agenda. Nevertheless, Catholic reform was decisively innovative, intended to aid the spiritual reform of the individual, was global in its impact, and aware of its eschatological dimension.
Symbols and Images
Authors: Lehner Ulrich L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter investigates the ways in which art enticed the early modern viewer to specific religious actions and thus played a crucial role in the forming and transforming of identity. Art includes in this chapter also a wide range of material culture, which acted as conduit for a supernatural reality. In fact, any material object, sound, or smell could become a channel for the Divine, thereby eliciting imitation and action.
Embattled America
Authors: Bivins Jason C. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Embattled America is a reinterpretation of conservative evangelical persecution claims. The centrality of such claims to American life is widely known. This book, however, argues against standard approaches to them. When scholars of religion weigh in on this charged subject, the focus has been on institutional history, or overly reliant on journalistic conveniences like populism, or has tacked toward the self-understandings of evangelicals themselves. None of these approaches is sufficiently calibrated to decoding the why behind the fierce convergence of online conspiracy theory, public violence, white supremacy, and religious authoritarianism. Accepting the narrative of Embattlement on its own terms, or examining it as mere turbulence on the path of American pluralism, overlooks how such deeper structural conditions work through this discourse to undermine the actual practice of democratic politics. Thus, to continue focusing on the religiousness of recent impulses in American political life allows the deterioration of democratic culture to continue. Embattled America documents this deterioration by focusing on two groups of citizens, one insisting that religion is under assault and another charging religion with responsibility for our decline. The book interprets a range of controversial subjects and persons surrounding Embattled religion, from the Obama-to-Trump era: Glenn Beck, Sarah Palin, the Tea Party, Wallbuilders, anti-sharia legislation, and birthers. The lesson of each episode is linked not to any iteration of religion but to a democratic fundament—authenticity, representation, publics, tradition, law, and birthright—that is obscured in the obsession with controversial religion.
Changing the Subject
Authors: Bivins Jason C. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The introduction lays out the book’s framework by arguing against standard academic and journalistic approaches to evangelical Embattlement claims. Shifting the ground to social criticism and democratic theory, this chapter proposes a different series of categories for analysis. One is Life as Action Movie (LAAM), which captures the cinematic appeal of believing in one’s own Embattled significance. This is an imaginative compensation for citizens fearful of the actual, precarious future and anxious about a politics that does not alter this condition. A second term is the Long Con of Anti-politics, which refers to the long cultural disenchantment with politics that is conventional wisdom for many Americans. Rather than taking the self-understandings of Martyrs or Whistleblowers as a baseline for analysis, the introduction holds that in displacing the actual fundaments of democratic culture, Embattlement actually sustains the conditions it laments.
The Dropouts
Authors: Bivins Jason C. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The transformations of political candidacy since the 1970s have melded the categories of personal magnetism and celebrity into representation. These slow developments have over time given rise to the notion that giving “voice” to a particular kind of “religion” ratifies a politics of feeling and the idea that a candidate must present citizens with a mirror rather than operate within a framework dependent on balancing competing interests and abandoning zero-sum politics. Examining two Martyr candidacies, those of Sarah Palin and Rick Perry, show how the construction of Embattled religion helps deepen an antistatism that construes of all national life as interest group politics. In this, “representation” is the name of the unraveling of the social contract for which religion is a surrogate.
Law as Winning
Authors: Bivins Jason C. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the spate of anti-sharia legislation in order to trace some of the contradictions in American understandings of law. Americans expect law to protect religion in all its vaunted specialness while also insisting it serve as a shield against “wrong” religion (which Americans sometimes use law to redefine as ideology or threat). These orientations rely on categories like equal treatment and free exercise that are too opaque and too circular to prevent the ongoing conflagrations that law promises to settle. This chapter thus argues that Americans should not invest in the idea that law can “solve” the problem of public religion, but instead recalibrate citizens’ own responsibilities to law’s egalitarian promise.
Introduction
Authors: Avgousti Andreas 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The Introduction gives the reader a sense of the stakes of the book. I begin from contemporary social scientific scholarship to, first, expose the tension between reputation as opinion (doxa) and the functionalist treatment it receives today, and second, via a contrast with its kin concept of honor, assuage suspicions about its aristocratic overtones. I go on to critically discuss relevant research on ancient democratic Athens, paying extended attention to one treatment of reputation that mutes its demotic inflections. I then focus exclusively upon Plato to connect his concern with reputation to a standard feature of his thought: the distinction between reality and appearances, and the appearance of philosophers in cities in particular. To bring out the political aspect of reputation further, I engage with two contemporary critiques of doxa in Plato. I end by detailing my interpretive approach to the dialogues and offer an overview of the chapters of the book.
Conclusion
Authors: Griesel Jake 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter draws together final conclusions from the previous chapters of this study. Firstly it observes that, instead of having been a marginalized Calvinist, Edwards was a prominent divine who advocated doctrinal positions that were well within the mainstream of contemporary Church of England theology, as was also reflected in the positive reception of his works among substantial segments of the clergy. Secondly, it asserts that Reformed orthodoxy maintained a larger and more conspicuous—albeit minority—presence in the later Stuart Church than has been previously recognized. Finally, the broader picture that emerges is of a later Stuart Church marked not by a fairly homogenous ‘Anglican’ identity, but rather a church whose theological and ecclesio-political identity was still being contested on various fronts, of which the Reformed-Arminian debate was but one.
Slap Shot (1977)
Authors: Wiedenfeld Grant 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The hockey film Slap Shot (1977) develops a rust-belt realism and a radical kind of masculinity that have not been sufficiently appreciated. Chapter 3 discusses how this drama, filmed in a western Pennsylvania steel town, exposes the social consequences of neoliberalism by linking the mill’s closure to the fate of its middling hockey team. Written by unorthodox feminist Nancy Dowd, the film also explores gender performance and physicality as a means to reform masculinity through play. Echoes of gay liberation and a pacifist movement for noncompetitive games appear in the team’s adoption of the goon’s subversive and violent playing style—pummeling opponents to the delight of the crowd and agitating against establishment social codes. A hero, played by Paul Newman, leads the charge. This film re-imagines virility without hegemony and exemplifies a leftist populism that courses through the genre.
A League of Their Own (1992)
Authors: Wiedenfeld Grant 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Minority heroes take center stage in the sports movie genre with Penny Marshall’s memorial to the women of 1940s professional baseball. Chapter 6 discusses Marshall’s 1992 movie A League of Their Own and explores how this baseball film, like The Natural, lionizes the New Deal era, but contrasts League as a film that forgoes the individual savior to praise the players as a collective. Many have criticized the semi-fictional heroine, played by Geena Davis, for ultimately choosing marriage over her baseball career. While it is true that her choice symbolizes post-war regression to traditional femininity, the film’s emphasis on collective participation has not been given its due weight. Montesquieu’s theory of government is introduced to contrast this democratic virtue with the monarchical nature of individual competition. Meanwhile, a subplot centered on a coach played by Tom Hanks is shown to dramatize the reform from a self-destructive masculinity to an ally for women’s agency.
Number One Realist
Authors: Moir Nathaniel L. 
Published: May 2022

In a 1965 letter to Newsweek, French writer and academic Bernard Fall (1926-67) staked a claim as the "Number One Realist" on the Vietnam War. This is the first book to study the thought of this overlooked figure, one of the most important experts on counterinsurgency warfare in Indochina. Nathaniel L. Moir's intellectual history analyses Fall's formative experiences: his service in the French underground and army during the Second World War; his father's execution by the Germans and his mother's murder in Auschwitz; and his work as a research analyst at the Nuremberg Trials. Moir demonstrates how these critical events shaped Fall's trenchant analysis of Viet Minh-led revolutionary warfare during the French-Indochina War and the early Vietnam War. In the years before conventional American intervention in 1965, Fall argued that--far more than anything in the United States' military arsenal--resolving conflict in Vietnam would require political strength, willpower, integrity and skill. Number One Realist illuminates Fall's study of political reconciliation in Indochina, while showing how his profound, humanitarian critique of war continues to echo in the endless conflicts of the present. It will challenge and change the way we think about the Vietnam War.
A History of Butô
Authors: Baird Bruce 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA History of Butô: Dancing in a Swirl of Imagery is a rip-roaring account of one of the most important and influential performance arts of the latter half of the 20th century. Tracing the performances and techniques of ten of the most important names in the first and second generation of butô, A History of Butô puts on display the mind-blowing creativity of the founders as well as the variety of directions taken by subsequent dancers. In addition, A History of Butô places these choreographer/dancers at the center of some of the most important issues of our time, such as the relationship between humans, technology and new media, and the status of gender and ethnicity.
Ashikawa Yôko
Authors: Baird Bruce 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter describes the career of Hijikata’s principal dancer and rehearsal director Ashikawa Yôko. Ashikawa joined Hijikata’s studio at roughly the same time as his turn to his generative dance methods, and she knew more about them than any other dancer. She undoubtedly even contributed to his methods and likely deserves some choreographic credit for Hijikata’s generative dance methods. After Hijikata died, she was not content to rest on her laurels and continue to rehash his works, but rather struck out on her own and created her own dances. She incorporated free jazz improvisation into her dances and rethought the relationship between the choreographer and society in her dances. Along with her main company, Hakutôbô, she also created a company for foreign dancers, in which she aught some of the most important dancers of butô’s third generation. The chapter contains in-depth descriptions and analysis of dances such as Salome of the Construction Zone (1987) and Gathering and Bundling the Body: Ashikawa Yôko and Japanese People (1988).
Ôno Kazuo
Authors: Baird Bruce 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter narraties the artistry of Ôno Kazuo, who more than anyone else, embodied for audiences what butô could be. This chapter sketches out a starting point for Ôno in his pre-butô dances up to 1959. Passing over his time with Hijikata Tatsumi quickly, it turns to his solo career starting in 1977. Part of Ôno’s success lay in conveying an idiosyncratic world view to his audiences through movement. In brief, Ôno held that the universe is endlessly generative, but prodigal in discarding people and things along the way. In response, he expressed a combination of gratitude and guilt in his dances. The chapter closes with an analysis of his dances in terms of five intertwined themes: gender, ethnicity, age, eccentricity, and the extent to which he relied on technique or improvisation in his performances. The chapter describes and analyses the following dances: Old Man and the Sea (1959), Admiring La Argentina (1977), My Mother (1981), and The Dead Sea: Viennese Waltz and Ghosts (1985).
Ikeda Sanae/Carlotta Ikeda and Compagnie Ariadone
Authors: Baird Bruce 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter recounts the career of Carlotta Ikeda, one of the first three butô dancers to perform in France in 1978. She then relocated to France and become one of the three faces of butô in France through the 80s and 90s. She led a life straddling boundaries of sexuality, performance, and ethnicity, and taught butô to countless western performers. The chapter describes and analyses the following performances: A White Day (Une Journée Blanche, 1991), The Language of the Sphinx (1992), and Ai-Amour (1993, co-choreographed with Murobushi Kô).
Kasai Akira and Tenshikan
Authors: Baird Bruce 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines the career of Kasai Akira. Kasai was a critical member of the butô cohort during the 60s, but left Japan (and butô) in 1979 and went to Germany to study eurythmy and anthroposophy with Rudolf Steiner. Eurythmy is a movement philosophy that posits a one-to-one connection between movement, music, voice, and speech. Kasai returned to Japan in 1986 and taught eurythmy. He re-entered the world of butô in 1994 and has since regained his position as one of the most important performers of butô, because he has appealed to dancers who have felt that his approach could be adapted to the circumstances of each individual dancer. He maintains that everyone (not just artists) must more fully study the relationships between matter, consciousness, language, cultural, history, music, and movement. Doing so will enable them to make dances that have the potential to address the needs of underserved populations, reconfigure gender confirmations, and in general, remake the universe. Dances covered include Tristan and Isolde (1976), Tragic Tales (1979), The 120 Days of Sodom (1979), Pollen Revolution (2002), and I Dance the Japanese Constitution (2013).