bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Sa Huynh Culture and Related Cultures in Southern Vietnam and Cambodia
Authors: Reinecke Andreas 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Over the last decades, numerous excavations in central and southern Vietnam as at the lowland plains near the coast as in the mountainous interior allow a more detailed perspective on the origin, characteristics, development, and expansion of the Sa Huynh culture and related jar burial communities dated into the last centuries BC. Attention is also given to the pre-Funan population between the Angkor region and the Mekong Delta during the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age (end of the second millennium BC to the beginning of the first century AD). Despite accepting that the cultures around the South China Sea influenced each other by trade or people’s movement, an indigenous origin of different jar burial cultures in Vietnam is suggested. By considering the artifacts of the Iron Age Sa Huynh culture in three stages, migrations and distinct time spans of local groups are visible. For the Mekong Delta and Cambodia, the focus is oriented to funeral practices and technical innovations, especially the beginning of preindustrial salt production and local goldworking.
Early States in Thailand
Authors: Clarke Wesley , Gallon Matthew 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
“Dvāravatī” is the term applied to an early historic cultural expression in the region of Thailand that, despite 130 years of scholarly investigation, remains poorly understood in many aspects of its material content and sociopolitical organization. An early scholarly focus on monumental art and architecture set a trajectory for the definition and study of Dvāravatī that emphasized an art historical approach and neglected domestic aspects of the cultural record. Neither is the range of settlement types adequately documented, and chronometric information is underdeveloped. Dvāravatī is typically assigned a time range of several centuries between the sixth and eleventh centuries AD, but there is substantial evidence for a “proto” phase before the appearance of monumental sculpture and architecture. Operating in an era when exogamous ideologies and practices entered the region of central Thailand, Dvāravatī has the potential to illuminate local processes of cultural adoption and adaptation. Only a more holistic approach to documenting material and social content, however, will improve our understanding of the Dvāravatī phenomenon.
Later Hunter-Gatherers in Guangxi Province
Authors: Guangmao Xie 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In Guangxi, pottery and ground-stone tools occurred very early, but agriculture in this region made its appearance only after 6000 BP. Therefore, the so-called Neolithic before 6000 BP in this region actually belongs to the period of hunting and gathering. Sites of the later hunter-gatherers in Guangxi region include cave and open-air settlement/workshops. The former concentrates in the karst terrain of northern Guangxi. Open-air settlements are mainly distributed in the southern, western, and coastal areas, and are dominated by midden sites. Numerous burials have been found, with the skeletons interred in various flexed positions, in the midden sites. Chipped stone tools made of cobble, ground-stone tools, implements of bone and shell, and pottery with tempering material have all been found in association with large quantities of aquatic and terrestrial faunal remains and plants in most of the early and middle Neolithic sites in Guangxi. Many stone tools and bone implements were functionally used for hunting and gathering. Apparently, the prehistoric economics of this period in Guangxi was a broad-spectrum strategy of hunting and gathering. Although cultural remains from different parts of this region share many common characteristics, differences among them also exist.
Subjective Models of the Macroeconomy: Evidence From Experts and Representative Samples
Authors: Andre Peter , Pizzinelli Carlo , Roth Christopher , Wohlfart Johannes 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We study people’s subjective models of the macroeconomy and shed light on their attentional foundations. To do so, we measure beliefs about the effects of macroeconomic shocks on unemployment and inflation, providing respondents with identical information about the parameters of the shocks and previous realizations of macroeconomic variables. Within samples of 6,500 US households and 1,500 experts, beliefs are widely dispersed, even about the directional effects of shocks, and there are large differences in average beliefs between households and experts. Part of this disagreement seems to arise because respondents think of different propagation channels of the shocks, in particular demand- vs. supply-side mechanisms. We provide evidence on the role of associative memory in driving heterogeneity in thoughts and forecasts: contextual cues and prior experiences shape which propagation channels individuals retrieve and thereby which forecasts they make. Our findings offer a new perspective on the widely documented disagreement in macroeconomic expectations.
Sublexical cues affect degraded speech processing: insights from fMRI
Authors: Al-Zubaidi Arkan , Bräuer Susann , Holdgraf Chris R , Schepers Inga M , Rieger Jochem W 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn natural listening situations, speech perception is often impaired by degraded speech sounds arriving at the ear. Contextual speech information can improve the perception of degraded speech and modify neuronal responses elicited by degraded speech. However, most studies on context effects on neural responses to degraded speech confounded lexico-semantic and sublexical cues. Here, we used fMRI to investigate how prior sublexical speech (e.g. pseudowords cues) affects neural responses to degraded sublexical speech and hence its processing and recognition. Each trial consisted of three consecutively presented pseudowords, of which the first and third were identical and degraded. The second pseudoword was always presented in clear form and either matched or did not match the degraded pseudowords. Improved speech processing through sublexical processing was associated with BOLD activation increases in frontal, temporal, and parietal regions, including the primary auditory cortex (PAC), posterior superior temporal cortex, angular gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, middle temporal cortex, and somato-motor cortex. These brain regions are part of a speech processing network and are involved in lexico-semantic processing. To further investigate the adaptive changes in PAC, we conducted a bilateral region of interest analysis on PAC subregions. PAC ROIs showed bilaterally increased activation in the match condition compared with the mismatch condition. Our results show that the perception of unintelligible degraded speech is improved and the neuronal population response is enhanced after exposure to intact sublexical cues. Furthermore, our findings indicate that the processing of clear meaningless sublexical speech preceding degraded speech could enhance the activity in the brain regions that belong to the cortical speech processing network previously reported in studies investigating lexico-semantic speech.
Benefit from retrieval practice is linked to temporal and frontal activity in healthy young and older humans
Authors: Guran Catherine-Noémie Alexandrina , Deuker Lorena , Göttlich Martin , Axmacher Nikolai , Bunzeck Nico 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Retrieval practice improves retention of information in long-term memory more than restudy, but the underlying neural mechanisms of this “retrieval practice effect” (RPE) remain poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the behavioral and neural differences between previously retrieved versus restudied items at final retrieval. Thirty younger (20–30 years old) and twenty-five older (50+ years old) adults learned familiar and new picture stimuli either through retrieval or restudy. At final recognition, hemodynamic activity was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Behaviorally, younger and older adults showed similar benefits of retrieval practice, with higher recollection, but unchanged familiarity rates. In a univariate analysis of the fMRI data, activation in medial prefrontal cortex and left temporal regions correlated with an individual’s amount of behavioral benefit from retrieval practice, irrespective of age. Compatible with this observation, in a multivariate representational similarity analysis (RSA), retrieval practice led to an increase in pattern similarity for retested items in a priori defined regions of interest, including the medial temporal lobe, as well as prefrontal and parietal cortex. Our findings demonstrate that retrieval practice leads to enhanced long-term memories in younger and older adults alike, and this effect may be driven by fast consolidation processes.
The evolutionary dynamics and epidemiological history of hepatitis C virus genotype 6, including unique strains from the Li community of Hainan Island, China
Authors: Xu Ru , Aranday-Cortes Elihu , Leitch E Carol McWilliam , Hughes Joseph , Singer Joshua B , Sreenu Vattipally , Tong Lily , da Silva Filipe Ana , Bamford Connor G G , Rong Xia , Huang Jieting , Wang Min , Fu Yongshui , McLauchlan John 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a highly diverse pathogen that frequently establishes a chronic long-term infection, but the origins and drivers of HCV diversity in the human population remain unclear. Previously unidentified strains of HCV genotype 6 (gt6) were recently discovered in chronically infected individuals of the Li ethnic group living in Baisha County, Hainan Island, China. The Li community, who were early settlers on Hainan Island, has a distinct host genetic background and cultural identity compared to other ethnic groups on the island and mainland China. In this report, we generated 33 whole virus genome sequences to conduct a comprehensive molecular epidemiological analysis of these novel gt6 strains in the context of gt6 isolates present in Southeast Asia. With the exception of one gt6a isolate, the Li gt6 sequences formed three novel clades from two lineages which constituted 3 newly assigned gt6 subtypes and 30 unassigned strains. Using Bayesian inference methods, we dated the most recent common ancestor for all available gt6 whole virus genome sequences to approximately 2767 bce (95 per cent highest posterior density (HPD) intervals, 3670–1397 bce), which is far earlier than previous estimates. The substitution rate was 1.20 × 10−4 substitutions/site/year (s/s/y), and this rate varied across the genome regions, from 1.02 × 10−5 s/s/y in the 5’untranslated region (UTR) region to 3.07 × 10−4 s/s/y in E2. Thus, our study on an isolated ethnic minority group within a small geographical area of Hainan Island has substantially increased the known diversity of HCV gt6, already acknowledged as the most diverse HCV genotype. The extant HCV gt6 sequences from this study were probably transmitted to the Li through at least three independent events dating perhaps from around 4,000 years ago. This analysis describes deeper insight into basic aspects of HCV gt6 molecular evolution including the extensive diversity of gt6 sequences in the isolated Li ethnic group.
A redescription and re-evaluation ofKekenodon onamata(Mammalia: Cetacea), a late-surviving archaeocete from the Late Oligocene of New Zealand
Authors: Corrie Joshua E , Fordyce R Ewan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractStem cetaceans (archaeocetes) have a substantial Eocene fossil record but are largely absent since the Eocene–Oligocene boundary. Putative Oligocene archaeocetes are mostly represented by fragmentary denticulate teeth, making systematic classification difficult. The New Zealand species Kekenodon onamata (Wharekuri Greensand, Duntroonian local Stage, Chattian) is one of the most widely mentioned Oligocene archaeocetes and is the single-named species of the family Kekenodontidae. The holotype includes heterodont teeth in addition to cranial and post-cranial elements, and partial tympanoperiotics, with potential for a strong phylogenetic signal. Hitherto, the strikingly disparate Kekenodon onamata has been excluded from published phylogenetic analyses, with its affinities largely remaining speculative. Here, a detailed anatomical account allows a redescription of Kekenodon onamata, and a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis. The phylogenetic analysis shows Kekenodon onamata as the latest-surviving archaeocete, sister-taxon to the Neoceti. The large heterodont teeth with patterns of extensive enamel macrowear suggest Kekenodon onamata utilized a raptorial feeding strategy and hunted hard-boned prey, such as other marine mammals and penguins. Combined with an estimated body size of c. 8 m, Kekenodon onamata probably occupied an apex predator ecological niche similar to the modern killer whale.
The physiologically difficult airway: an emerging concept
Authors: Myatra Sheila Nainan , Divatia Jigeeshu Vasishtha , Brewster David J. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose of review
The physiologically difficult airway is one in which physiologic alterations in the patient increase the risk for cardiorespiratory and other complications during tracheal intubation and transition to positive pressure ventilation. This review will summarize the recent literature around the emerging concept of the physiologically difficult airway, describe its relevance and various patient types in which this entity is observed.

Recent findings
Physiologic derangements during airway management occur due acute illness, pre-existing disease, effects of anesthetic agents, and positive pressure ventilation. These derangements are especially recognized in critically ill patients, but can also occur in otherwise healthy patients including obese, pregnant and pediatric patients who have certain physiological alterations. Critically ill patients may have a physiologically difficult airway due to the presence of acute respiratory failure, hypoxemia, hypotension, severe metabolic acidosis, right ventricular failure, intracranial hypertension, and risk of aspiration of gastric contents during tracheal intubation.

Summary
Understanding the physiological alterations and the risks involved in patients with a physiologically difficult airway is necessary to optimize the physiology and adopt strategies to avoid complications during tracheal intubation. Further research will help us better understand the optimal strategies to improve outcomes in these patients.
Prevalence of female pattern hair loss in postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chaikittisilpa Sukanya , Rattanasirisin Nattiya , Panchaprateep Ratchathorn , Orprayoon Nalina , Phutrakul Phanuphong , Suwan Ammarin , Jaisamrarn Unnop 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective:
To identify the prevalence of female pattern hair loss (FPHL), hair characteristics, and associated factors in healthy postmenopausal women.

Methods:
Two hundred postmenopausal women aged 50 to 65 years were recruited. Each participant was evaluated for FPHL according to Ludwig’s classification using standardized global photography in all six views and trichoscopy for hair density and diameter. Three dermatologists re-evaluated all pictures for confirmation of FPHL. The time since menopause, levels of scalp sebum, serum testosterone, estradiol, thyroid stimulating hormone, and hemoglobin; family history of hair loss, as well as an evaluation of low self-esteem were evaluated. Women who underwent recent hair loss treatments were excluded. We used simple and multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify the factors affecting FPHL.

Results:
In total, 178 postmenopausal women were evaluated for hair-loss patterns. The average age and time since menopause were 58.8±4.1 and 9.2 ± 5.6 years, respectively. The prevalence of FPHL was 52.2% (95% CI, 44.6-59.8). Severity of FPHL by Ludwig grades I, II, and III was 73.2% (95% CI, 62.9-81.8), 22.6% (95% CI, 14.6-32.4), and 4.3% (95% CI, 1.2-10.7), respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed that age, time since menopause, and body mass index were all significantly associated with FPHL. After adjusting for age and family history of FPHL, only body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 was significantly associated with FPHL (adjusted OR = 2.65, 95% CI, 1.23-5.70). Conclusion: The prevalence of FPHL was high in postmenopausal women, raising the need for hair loss awareness in menopause clinics. Early detection and proper treatment of FPHL may increase the quality of life in postmenopausal women.
A Systematic Approach to Incision Planning and Graft Excision in Gender-affirming Vaginoplasty
Authors: Dy Geolani W. , Butler Christi , Peters Blair , Dugi Daniel D. 
Published: February 2022

Summary:
We present our systematic approach to incision planning and skin graft excision for gender-affirming vaginoplasty. This approach is adaptable to patients of different body habitus and genital skin surface area, and it allows for early skin graft harvest with predictable wound tension at closure. We also describe how to adapt in cases of severe genital hypoplasia.
Autologous Breast Reconstruction is Associated with Lower 90-day Readmission Rates
Authors: Sawyer Justin D. , Franke Jacob , Scaife Steven , Sommer Nicole Z. , Neumeister Michael W. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Breast reconstruction is associated with improved quality of life after mastectomy. Options for breast reconstruction include autologous and implant-based methods. Although autologous reconstruction is more technically challenging and requires longer operative time, it is thought of as the gold standard. Our study examined differences in 90-day readmission rates between implant-based and autologous breast reconstruction using discharge data from the National Readmission Database, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

Methods:
The National Readmission Database was used to identify patients undergoing postmastectomy breast reconstruction. Patients were selected using ICD-10 PCS codes linked to autologous and implant-based reconstruction. Ninety-day readmission rates were determined. After matching the two groups on a 1:1 basis for baseline comorbidities and demographics, a multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to variables associated with higher readmission rates.

Results:
The leading diagnoses associated with readmissions were infectious and pulmonary. After one to one matching, autologous breast reconstruction, private insurance versus Medicaid, and income quartile 4 versus 1 were all less likely to be readmitted within 90 days of discharge. Patients with a high Charlson index and those with a longer length of initial hospital stay are significantly more likely to be readmitted within 90 days.

Conclusions:
Patients undergoing autologous breast reconstruction were 23% less likely to be readmitted within 90 days from discharge. Fewer comorbidities, shorter length of hospital stay, and higher socioeconomic status are also associated with lower readmission rates following breast reconstruction.
Value Effect of Health and Productivity Management
Authors: Wada Hiroo , Yasuda Yukihiro 
Published: February 2022

Objective
The value effect of winning the health and productivity management (HPM) award on their stock prices is to be evaluated.

Methods
An event study and an evaluation of portfolio over the first-time HPM awardees were conducted.

Results
The abnormal return (AR) of all the first-time HPM awardees was significantly positive (0.25%, P = 0.03), as well as cumulated AR (P < 0.01 on day 0 and 3, P < 0.05 on day 1 and 2), with a booster effect on the market value by 1.7 × 109 JPY. The stock value appreciation of the portfolio of them was greater than that of the market portfolio (34.3% vs 21.8%).

Conclusions
The market participants support the view that HPM improves firms’ performance. This positive and instantaneous value effect will encourage business managers to promote employee health.
“Extremely Painful, but Worth It”: The Lived Experience of Receiving Collagenase as Treatment for Dupuytren Disease
Authors: Molineux Matthew L. , McCann Aine , Cox Ruth J. , Cross Stacey M. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Collagenase injection is a relatively new, minimally invasive treatment option for Dupuytren disease. Most literature focusses on quantitative outcome measures, such as degree of residual contracture and recurrence. The patient experience of the treatment has rarely been explored. This study sought to explore patients’ experiences of the treatment process, including their reasons for seeking and choosing the treatment.

Methods:
A qualitative descriptive design was used to explore patients’ experiences. Seven patients (aged 57 to 81 years) who had received collagenase treatment for Dupuytren disease engaged in individual, semistructured interviews. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically.

Results:
Thematic analysis revealed that Dupuytren disease was an obstacle to doing things, but not a barrier. Patients “went with the flow” of treatment, often taking a passive approach to their health care decisions. Patients found the collagenase injections to be extremely painful, but worth it. They had a varied knowledge of the disease and treatment.

Conclusions:
Patients were pleased with the results of the collagenase treatment, even if the finger was not completely straight or there was recurrence. The quick recovery and minimal complications were positive factors; however, the injections were extremely painful and could deter patients from future treatment. This research highlighted that a number of patients had low health literacy regarding their condition, and this affected their expectations of treatment outcomes and future treatment seeking. There are opportunities for health professionals to improve health literacy for people with Dupuytren disease, possibly in a group setting.
The Antibiotic Immersion of Custom-Made Porous Hydroxyapatite Cranioplasty: A Multicentric Cohort Study
Authors: Amendola Francesco , Vaienti Luca , Carbonaro Riccardo , Nataloni Angelo , Barbanera Andrea , Zingaretti Nicola , Pier Camillo Parodi , Zanotti Bruno 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Cranioplasty is a common neurosurgical procedure performed to reconstruct cranial defects. The most common cranioplasty materials used today can be divided into 2 types: autologous bone and bone substitutes, such as polyetheretherketone, titanium mesh, poly-methyl methacrylate, and Hydroxyapatite (HA). Infection represents one of the most feared complications, ranging from 2.3% to 20%. Early implant infections occur within 30 days from the operation and are mostly due to pathogens from the skin and the paranasal cavity. The authors aim to demonstrate the efficacy of our preoperative antibiotic immersion protocol of custom-made HA prosthesis, to prevent early implant infections. The authors compare this population to cranioplasties without preoperative antibiotic elution and those with anonstandardized antibiotic elution. The authors retrospectively analyzed data from patients referred to 6 different hospitals in northern Italy, in the period 2000 to 2020. Inclusion criteria were patients requiring reconstruction of thecal bone with HA prosthesis after post-traumatic decompressive surgery; age more than 18 years; detailed patient history and clinical data; and follow-up of minimum 6 months. A total of 77 cranioplasties were included in the study, along with 120 retrospective cases in comparison. Infections occurred in 2.6% of cranioplasties with antibiotic immersion compared to 7.8% of cranioplasties without. Even if nonsignificant, these results support our hypothesis that pretreatment of HA implants with antibiotic appears to prevent cranioplasty infections and could be a viable option to improve cranioplasty outcomes in the future.