bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early selection for spike fertility index increases yield of advanced generations in bread wheat
Authors: Alonso María Pía , Franco María Fiorella , Pontaroli Ana Clara Clara 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSpike fertility index (also known as fruiting efficiency) at maturity (FEm: grain number per spike g–1 spike chaff at maturity) and spike harvest index (SHI: grain weight per spike g–1 spike chaff weight at maturity) are considered promising selection criteria for improving grain yield (GY) in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). However, their usefulness in early generations remains to be established. Here, a population derived from a cross between ‘Baguette 10’ and ‘Klein Chajá’ was evaluated from early generations (F2–F3) to recombinant inbred lines (RIL). Associations of FEm and SHI measurements between early generations and RIL were established. Also, responses in grain number m–2 (GN) and GY in the RIL after simulated selection for high FEm or high SHI in the F2–F3 were assessed. Positive correlations were found in FEm measured in the F2–F3 vs. in the RIL (r = .32, P < .05) and SHI measured in the F3 vs. in the RIL (r = .26, P < .05). After selection for high FEm in the F2–F3, responses in GN were always positive: GN increased by 5.1–22.1% depending on the selection strategy. Responses in GY were positive in three out of four selection strategies, averaging –1.3–2.1%. Responses to selection in GN and GY in the RIL using SHI as a selection criterion in the F2–F3 were negative or neutral. Our results support the use of FEm as a selection criterion in early generations for increasing GN and GY in advanced generations of bread wheat‐breeding programs.
Curriculum as mindfully lived in relationships
Authors: Hunter‐Lynch Hannah , Kimblern Denise , Sexton Danny , Wang Hongyu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic, this co‐authored paper grew out of a graduate course on mindfulness and an extended inquiry into what it means to cultivate mindful relationships in curriculum as lived experience. Centring three graduate students' experiential projects, including two projects of interactions with nature and one project of interpersonal interactions, this paper demonstrates the process of practicing mindfulness from students' perspectives as individual inquiry, a process that was filled with curves and frustrations as well as revelations and potentiality. The teacher educator created pedagogical conditions but the students enacted their own curriculum in their lived experience of forming mindful relationships. A further layer of inquiry was conducted in the conversations among the three graduate students and the teacher educator, from which shared meanings of time, self‐understanding, gender and making connections across difference emerged. A reconstructed conversation was composed to demonstrate this inquiry process. Curriculum as lived experience, including curriculum as a complicated conversation, is the orientation for this individual and group inquiry. This study shows that curriculum as mindfully lived in relationship is an emergent process of cultivating both deepened self‐understanding and relational attunement, sustained through a lived body, lived time and space, and lived connections across difference.
Molecular/biomarker testing in lung cytology: A practical approach
Authors: Schmitt Fernando , Lozano Maria D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe increasing comprehension of molecular mechanisms underlying lung cancer and the discovery of targetable genomic alterations has dramatically change the pathological approach to lung cancer, especially non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This unstoppable knowledge has taken pathologists to the leading front on lung cancer management. This is especially relevant in the world of cytopathology where “doing more with less” is a daily challenge. Nowadays with a growing number of predictive biomarkers needed to manage patients with NSCLC, there has been a paradigm shift in care and handling of diagnostic samples. One of the main emphasis and interest relies on the utilization of cytologic samples and small biopsies for not only diagnostic purposes but also for ancillary testing. Moreover, lung cytopathology is in continuous evolutions with implementation of new diagnostic techniques, new tools, and facing new challenges. The goal of this paper will be to provide the reader with the necessary concepts than can be used to exploit the cytological samples in order to use these samples for comprehensive diagnosis and relevant ancillary testing purposes.
Earlier and more frequent occupation of breeding sites during the non‐breeding season increases breeding success in a colonial seabird
Authors: Bennett Sophie , Harris Mike P. , Wanless Sarah , Green Jonathan A. , Newell Mark A. , Searle Kate R. , Daunt Francis 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCompetition for high‐quality breeding sites in colonial species is often intense, such that individuals may invest considerable time in site occupancy even outside the breeding season. The site defense hypothesis predicts that high‐quality sites will be occupied earlier and more frequently, consequently those sites will benefit from earlier and more successful breeding. However, few studies relate non‐breeding season occupancy to subsequent breeding performance limiting our understanding of the potential life‐history benefits of this behavior. Here, we test how site occupancy in the non‐breeding season related to site quality, breeding timing, and breeding success in a population of common guillemots Uria aalge, an abundant and well‐studied colonially breeding seabird. Using time‐lapse photography, we recorded occupancy at breeding sites from October to March over three consecutive non‐breeding seasons. We then monitored the successive breeding timing (lay date) and breeding success at each site. On average, sites were first occupied on the 27th October ± 11.7 days (mean ± SD), subsequently occupied on 46 ± 18% of survey days and for 55 ± 15% of the time when at least one site was occupied. Higher‐quality sites, sites with higher average historic breeding success, were occupied earlier, more frequently and for longer daily durations thereafter. Laying was earlier at sites that were occupied more frequently and sites occupied earlier were more successful, supporting the site defense hypothesis. A path analysis showed that the return date had a greater or equal effect on breeding success as lay date. Pair level occupancy had no effect on breeding timing or success. The clear effect of non‐breeding occupancy of breeding sites on breeding timing and success highlights the benefits of this behavior on demography in this population and the importance of access to breeding sites outside the breeding season in systems where competition for high‐quality sites is intense.
Dietary niche breadth influences the effects of urbanization on the gut microbiota of sympatric rodents
Authors: Anders Jason L. , Mychajliw Alexis M. , Moustafa Mohamed Abdallah Mohamed , Mohamed Wessam Mohamed Ahmed , Hayakawa Takashi , Nakao Ryo , Koizumi Itsuro 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCities are among the most extreme forms of anthropogenic ecosystem modification, and urbanization processes exert profound effects on animal populations through multiple ecological pathways. Increased access to human‐associated food items may alter species' foraging behavior and diet, in turn modifying the normal microbial community of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), ultimately impacting their health. It is crucial we understand the role of dietary niche breadth and the resulting shift in the gut microbiota as urban animals navigate novel dietary resources. We combined stable isotope analysis of hair and microbiome analysis of four gut regions across the GIT to investigate the effects of urbanization on the diet and gut microbiota of two sympatric species of rodents with different dietary niches: the omnivorous large Japanese field mouse (Apodemus speciosus) and the relatively more herbivorous gray red‐backed vole (Myodes rufocanus). Both species exhibited an expanded dietary niche width within the urban areas potentially attributable to novel anthropogenic foods and altered resource availability. We detected a dietary shift in which urban A. speciosus consumed more terrestrial animal protein and M. rufocanus more plant leaves and stems. Such changes in resource use may be associated with an altered gut microbial community structure. There was an increased abundance of the presumably probiotic Lactobacillus in the small intestine of urban A. speciosus and potentially pathogenic Helicobacter in the colon of M. rufocanus. Together, these results suggest that even taxonomically similar species may exhibit divergent responses to urbanization with consequences for the gut microbiota and broader ecological interactions.
Circadian rhythms mediate infection risk inDaphnia dentifera
Authors: Pfenning‐Butterworth Alaina C. , Nguyen David T. , Hite Jessica L. , Cressler Clayton E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBiological rhythms mediate important within‐host processes such as metabolism, immunity, and behavior which are often linked to combating disease exposure. For many hosts, exposure to pathogens occurs while feeding. However, the link between feeding rhythms and infection risk is unclear because feeding behavior is tightly coupled with immune and metabolic processes which may decrease susceptibility to infection. Here, we use theDaphnia dentifera–Metschnikowia bicuspidatahost–pathogen system to determine how rhythms in feeding rate and immune function mediate infection risk. The host is known to have a nocturnal circadian rhythm in feeding rate, yet we found that they do not exhibit a circadian rhythm in phenoloxidase activity. We found that the time of day when individuals are exposed to pathogens affects the probability of infection with higher infection prevalence at night, indicating that infection risk is driven by a host's circadian rhythm in feeding behavior. These results suggest that the natural circadian rhythm of the host should be considered when addressing epidemiological dynamics.
Grazing lawns and overgrazing in frequently grazed grass communities
Authors: Hempson Gareth P. , Parr Catherine L. , Lehmann Caroline E. R. , Archibald Sally 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFrequent grazing can establish high forage value grazing lawns supporting high grazer densities, but can also produce overgrazed grass communities with unpalatable or low grass basal cover, supporting few grazers. Attempts to create grazing lawns via concentrated grazing, with a goal to increase grazer numbers, are thus risky without knowing how environmental conditions influence the likelihood of each outcome. We collected grass species and trait data from 33 frequently grazed grass communities across eastern South Africa (28 sites) and the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania (five sites), covering wide rainfall (336–987 mm year−1) and soil (e.g., 44%–93% sand) gradients. We identified four grass growth forms using hierarchical clustering on principal components analyses of trait data and assessed trait–environment and growth form–environment relationships using fourth corner and principal components analyses. We distinguished two palatable grass growth forms that both attract yet resist grazers and comprise grazing lawns: (1) “lateral attractors” that spread vegetatively via stolons and rhizomes, and (2) “tufted attractors” that form isolated tufts and may have alternate tall growth forms. By contrast, (3) tough, upright, tufted “resisters,” and (4) “avoiders” with sparse architectures or that grow appressed to the soil surface, are of little forage value and avoided by grazers. Grazing lawns occurred across a wide range of conditions, typically comprising lateral attractor grasses in drier, sandy environments, and tufted attractor grasses in wetter, low‐sand environments. Resisters occurred on clay‐rich soils in mesic areas, while avoiders were widespread but scarce. While grazing lawns can be established under most conditions, monitoring their composition and cover is important, as the potential for overgrazing seems as widely relevant. Tufted attractor‐dominated lawns appear somewhat more vulnerable to degradation than lateral attractor‐dominated lawns. Increased avoider and resister abundance both reduce forage value, although resisters may provide better soil protection.
Population structure and demographic history of the gastropod Thaisella chocolata (Duclos, 1832) from the Southeast Pacific inferred from mitochondrial DNA analyses
Authors: Zelada‐Mázmela Eliana , Reyes‐Flores Lorenzo E. , Sánchez‐Velásquez Julissa J. , Ingar Claudia , Santos‐Rojas Luis E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe present‐day population structure of a species reflects the combination of oceanographic currents, life‐history traits, and historical events. However, little is known about the mechanisms that have shaped the gene lineage distribution of marine species inhabiting the Southeast Pacific. Here, we provide a comprehensive phylogeographical study of a species distributed along the Southeast Pacific coastal region by analyzing the endemic gastropod Thaisella chocolata (Duclos, 1832). Sequencing of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) and 16S rRNA revealed strikingly high haplotypic nucleotide and genetic diversity but a lack of significant population differentiation within the survey area. In addition, a star‐shaped phylogeny and significantly negative Tajima's D and Fu's Fs tests of neutrality suggested historical occurrence of rapid demographic expansion. Mismatch distributions and Bayesian inference analyses also confirmed T. chocolata to have undergone two ancestral demographic expansions. Calculations suggested that these expansions began in the lower and middle Pleistocene epoch, likely due to continental shelf development and climatic conditions. These findings could help establish a genetic baseline for T. chocolata as the first step toward sustainable spatial management of this species, as well as understand this species’ response to future climate change.
Heart failure outcomes according to heart rate and effects of empagliflozin in patients of the EMPEROR‐Preserved trial
Authors: Böhm Michael , Butler Javed , Mahfoud Felix , Filippatos Gerasimos , Ferreira João Pedro , Pocock Stuart J. , Slawik Jonathan , Brueckmann Martina , Linetzky Bruno , Schüler Elke , Wanner Christoph , Zannad Faiez , Packer Milton , Anker Stefan D. ,   the EMPEROR‐Preserved Trial Committees and Investigators
Published: September 2022

AimsEmpagliflozin reduces cardiovascular death (CVD) or heart failure hospitalization (HHF) in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Treatment effects and safety in relation to resting heart rate (RHR) have not been studied.Methods and resultsThe interplay of RHR and empagliflozin effects in EMPEROR‐Preserved was evaluated. We grouped patients (n = 5988) according to their baseline RHR (<70 bpm [n = 2650], 70–75 bpm [n = 967], >75 bpm [n = 1736]) and explored the influence of RHR on CVD or HHF (primary outcome) and its components in sinus rhythm or atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF) and adverse events. We studied the efficacy of empagliflozin across the RHR spectrum. Compared to placebo, empagliflozin did not change heart rate over time. The primary outcome (p for trend = 0.0004) and its components CVD (p trend = 0.0002), first HHF (p for trend = 0.0099) and all‐cause death (p <  0.0001) increased with RHR only in sinus rhythm but not AF. The risk increase with RHR was similar in patients with heart failure and mildly reduced ejection fraction (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] 40–49%) and HFpEF (LVEF ≥50%). Baseline RHR had no influence on the effect of empagliflozin on the primary outcomes (p for trend = 0.20), first HHF (p for trend = 0.49). There were no clinically relevant differences in adverse events between empagliflozin and placebo across the RHR groups.ConclusionResting heart rate associates with outcomes only in sinus rhythm but not in AF. Empagliflozin reduced outcomes over the entire RHR spectrum without increase of adverse events.
Guideline for measurement of condensed tannin
Authors: Li Xiaohui , Li Wei , Chen Fang , Xiao Jianbo , Liao Xiaojun , Hu XiaoSong , Ji Junfu , Ma Lingjun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAstringency is a major sensory property and plays an important role in the overall quality of juice and wines. A major contributor to astringency is condensed tannins, which can precipitate with salivary glycoproteins. And thus, it is vital to develop methods to measure the tannin accurately. Recently, the interest in the application of condensed tannin assays has been increasing in various fields. Condensed tannin assays broadly include the determination of concentration, activity, mean degree of polymerization and its derivative flavan‐3‐ol sulfonates content. In this guideline, the mechanisms and the practice of the most common condensed tannin assays applied in research labs are discussed in detail.
Dwelling in prolonged grief: Resting state functional connectivity during oxytocin and placebo administration
Authors: Seeley Saren H. , Andrews‐Hanna Jessica R. , Allen John J. B. , O'Connor Mary‐Frances 
Published: September 2022

AbstractClinical theories of adaptation in bereavement highlight a need for flexible shifting between mental states. However, prolonged motivational salience of the deceased partner may be a complicating factor, particularly when coupled with perseverative thinking about the loss. We investigated how prolonged grief symptoms might relate to resting state functional brain network connectivity in a sample of older adults (n = 38) who experienced the death of a partner 6–36 months prior, and whether intranasal oxytocin (as a neuropeptide involved in pair‐bonding) had differential effects in participants with higher prolonged grief symptoms. Higher scores on the Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG) were associated with lower anticorrelation (i.e., higher functional connectivity) between the defaultretrosplenial – cingulo‐operculardACC network pair. Intranasal oxytocin increased functional connectivity in the same defaultretrosplenial – cingulo‐operculardACC circuit but ICG scores did not moderate effects of oxytocin, contrary to our prediction. Higher ICG scores were associated with longer dwell time in a dynamic functional connectivity state featuring positive correlations among default, frontoparietal, and cingulo‐opercular networks, across both placebo and oxytocin sessions. Dwell time was not significantly affected by oxytocin, and higher prolonged grief symptoms were not associated with more variability in dynamic functional connectivity states over the scan. Results offer preliminary evidence that prolonged grief symptoms in older adults are associated with patterns of static and time‐varying functional network connectivity and may specifically involve a default network‐salience‐related circuit that is sensitive to oxytocin.
The cost of academic dismissal and attrition from students on academic probation
Authors: Gonzalez Vanessa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPolicies on academic probation and dismissal have existed in the American higher education system for decades to maintain academic quality and encourage students to improve their performance. Research has aimed to clarify the relationship between academic probation, dismissal, and retention, yet differing results emerge. Furthermore, the literature is sparse on the financial implications incurred as a result of academic dismissal or student attrition once on academic probation. The aim of this study explores financial implications experienced by one college as a result of academic dismissal or dropout from 136 academic probation students among 5 years of student cohorts. Findings show a loss of $842,650 in revenue to be earned due to these 136 students not completing their baccalaureate degrees after being on academic probation. The author provides recommendations to support students on academic probation to avoid further attrition and thus loss of revenue.
Anticipated cancer burden of low individual fruit and vegetable consumption under climate change: A modelling study in China
Authors: Zeng Yiping , Rao Yu , Xu Zeshui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundDietary patterns with a high intake of fruits and vegetables (FV) are associated with a reduced risk of various cancers. It is not yet clear where and to what extent a decline in crop productivity caused by climate change may modify the distribution of related cancer burdens through reducing FV consumption in China. To design policies and interventions aimed at improving FV intake, regional monitoring is required on how consumption‐changing factors might impact the associated cancer burdens by socio‐demographic subpopulations.MethodsA microsimulation study was conducted from a societal perspective to project the effects of cancers associated with inadequate FV intake attributable to climate change. We linked the International Model for Policy Analysis of Agricultural Commodities and Trade to a health modelling framework for obesity, gastric cancer, lung cancer, and oesophageal cancer in a close‐to‐reality synthetic population.ResultsIn the presence of climate constantly change, the relative reduction in FV consumption would induce an additional 9.73 million disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) nationally over the period 2010–2050 ([CrI]: 7.83–12.13). The climate change‐induced cancer burden is projected to disproportionately affect socio‐demographic index regions from 0.65 to 5.06 million DALYs.ConclusionsEffects of climate change on FV consumption are anticipated to exacerbate intra‐regional inequalities in the associated cancer burdens of China by 2050. By quantitatively analysing the impact of such dietary changes on regional health in light of climate change, our research can inform the design of public health interventions for heterogeneous populations, as health impact assessments based solely on the population as a whole cannot reflect significant differences across subpopulations.
Predictors and occurrence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in children undergoing noncardiac surgery: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Han Fang‐Fang , Wang Xiu‐Mei , Zhang Hai‐Jun , Wang Jun‐Ze , Bao Zhen‐Xing , Li Yu‐Lan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn children after cardiac surgery, alterations in cognitive ability and behavior are increasingly common, but whether postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) occurs in children undergoing noncardiac surgery is not known. The present study was performed to investigate the incidence rate and potential risk factors of early neurocognitive dysfunction in children after noncardiac surgery. Two hundred patients aged between 4 and 14 years old underwent elective noncardiac surgery and 100 healthy age‐matched controls were enrolled in this prospective observational study. Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence or Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children‐Revised were conducted 1 day before and 3 days after surgery. POCD was calculated and diagnosed as a combined Z score. Any factors that differed between POCD and non‐POCD group (p < 0.10) were tested together by multivariate logistic regression analysis against the cognitive outcome of patients, to find out the independent risk factors of POCD. The general incidence of POCD was 15.6%. The univariate analysis revealed that POCD was associated with general anesthesia, surgical and anesthesia duration, early postoperative fever (EPF), and surgical history. However, only the history of surgery (p = 0.029), anesthesia duration (p = 0.010), and EPF (p < 0.001) were demonstrated to be independent risk factors for POCD. The occurrence rate of early POCD after noncardiac surgery in children is 15.6%. Children who had surgical history, longer anesthesia duration, or EPF are more prone to develop POCD.