bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resilience, science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), and anger: A linguistic inquiry into the psychological processes associated with resilience in secondary school STEM learning
Authors: Hall Sophie S. , McGill Ross Morrison , Puttick Steven , Maltby John 
Published: March 2022

AimTo examine resilience in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) learning within an ecological model, identifying the psychological processes associated with resilient, and non‐resilient learning to develop a framework for promoting STEM resilience.Sample and methodFrom a sample of secondary‐school students (n = 4,936), 1,577 students who found their STEM lesson difficult were identified. Students were assessed on three resilience capabilities and asked to write a commentary on how they responded to the lesson.ResultsFactor analysis revealed that resilience in STEM learning could be positioned within the ecological systems model, with students’ resilience being comprised of three capabilities; the ability to quickly and easily recover (Recovery), remain focussed on goals (Ecological), and naturally adjust (Adaptive capacity). Using a linguistic analysis programme, we identified the prevalence of words within the student commentaries which related to seven psychological processes. Greater ability to recover was negatively related to negative emotional processes. To increase the specificity of this relationship, we identified high and low resilient students and compared their commentaries. Low resilient students used significantly more anger words. Qualitative analysis revealed interpersonal sources of anger (anger at teacher due to lack of support) and intrapersonal sources of anger (including rumination, expression and control, and seeking distraction).ConclusionsAnger is a key process that distinguishes students who struggle to recover from a difficult STEM lesson. An ecological systems model may prove useful for understanding STEM resilience and developing intervention pathways. Implications for teacher education include the importance of students’ perceptions of teacher support.
Site‐specific N‐glycan profiles of α5β1 integrin from rat liver
Authors: Mirgorodskaya Ekaterina , Dransart Estelle , Shafaq‐Zadah Massiullah , Roderer Daniel , Sihlbom Carina , Leffler Hakon , Johannes Ludger 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground InformationLike most other cell surface proteins, α5β1 integrin is glycosylated, which is required for its various activities in ways that mostly remain to be determined.ResultsHere, we have established the first comprehensive site‐specific glycan map of α5β1 integrin that was purified from a natural source, that is, rat liver. This analysis revealed striking site selective variations in glycan composition. Complex bi, tri, or tetraantennary N‐glycans were predominant at various proportions at most potential N‐glycosylation sites. A few of these sites were nonglycosylated or contained high mannose or hybrid glycans, indicating that early N‐glycan processing was hindered. Almost all complex N‐glycans had fully galactosylated and sialylated antennae. Moderate levels of core fucosylation and high levels of O‐acetylation of NeuAc residues were observed at certain sites. An O‐linked HexNAc was found in an EGF‐like domain of β1 integrin. The extensive glycan information that results from our study was projected onto a map of α5β1 integrin that was obtained by homology modeling. We have used this model for the discussion of how glycosylation might be used in the functional cycle of α5β1 integrin. A striking example concerns the involvement of glycan‐binding galectins in the regulation of the molecular homeostasis of glycoproteins at the cell surface through the formation of lattices or endocytic pits according to the glycolipid‐lectin (GL‐Lect) hypothesis.ConclusionWe expect that the glycoproteomics data of the current study will serve as a resource for the exploration of structural mechanisms by which glycans control α5β1 integrin activity and endocytic trafficking.SignificanceGlycosylation of α5β1 integrin has been implicated in multiple aspects of integrin function and structure. Yet, detailed knowledge of its glycosylation, notably the specific sites of glycosylation, is lacking. Furthermore, the α5β1 integrin preparation that was analyzed here is from a natural source, which is of importance as there is not a lot of literature in the field about the glycosylation of “native” glycoproteins.
The impact of subdivisions of microscopically positive (R1) margins on patterns of relapse in stage III colorectal cancer – A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Smith Henry G. , Skovgaards Daniel M. , Chiranth Deepthi , Schlesinger Nis H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimMicroscopically positive (R1) margins are associated with poorer outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer. However, the impact of subdivisions of R1 margins, be they to the primary tumour (R1 tumour) or to lymph node metastases (R1LNM), on patterns of relapse is unknown.MethodsPatients treated for stage III colorectal cancer from 01 January 2016 to 31 December 2019 in four specialist centres were identified from the Danish national cancer registry. Patients were stratified into three groups according to margin status (R0 vs. R1 tumour vs. R1LNM). The primary outcomes were local recurrence‐free survival (LRFS), distant metastases‐free survival (DMFS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS).ResultsA total of 1,164 patients were included, with R1 margins found in 237 (20.4%). Irrespective of tumour location, R1 tumour and R1LNM margins were independent prognostic factors for systemic relapse (R1 tumour HR 1.84, CI: 1.17–2.88, p = 0.008; R1LNM HR 1.59, CI: 1.12–2.27, p = 0.009) and disease‐related death (R1 tumour HR 2.08, CI: 1.12–3.85, p = 0.020; R1LNM HR 1.84, CI: 1.12–3.02, p = 0.016). Whereas R1 tumour margins were associated with poorer 3‐year LRFS in both colon and rectum cancer, R1LNM margins only reduced LRFS in patients with rectal cancer. Patterns of relapse differed between R1 subdivisions, with R1 tumour margins more likely to affect multiple anatomical sites, with a predilection for extra‐hepatic/pulmonary metastases.ConclusionSubdivisions of R1 margins have a distinct impact on the oncological outcomes and patterns of disease relapse in patients with stage III colorectal cancer.
Significant improvements, but consistent disparities in survival for African Americans after liver transplantation
Authors: Keeling Stephanie S. , McDonald Malcolm F. , Anand Adrish , Handing Greta E. , Prather Lyndsey L. , Christmann Caroline R. , Jalal Prasun K. , Kanwal Fasiha , Cholankeril George , Goss John A. , Rana Abbas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDespite improvements in survival across races in the past 20 years, African Americans have worse liver transplant outcomes after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). This study aims at quantifying the change in disparities between African Americans and other races in survival after OLT. We retrospectively analyzed the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database for patient data for candidates who received a liver transplant between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2017. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression indicated similar decreases in mortality over time for each race with a decrease in mortality for African Americans: 2010–2012 (HR = .930), 2012–2015 (HR = .882), and 2015–2017 (HR = .883) when compared to 2007–2010. Risk of mortality for African Americans compared to Caucasians varied across the 4 eras: 2007–2010 (HR = 1.083), 2010–2012 (HR = 1.090), 2012–2015 (HR = 1.070), and 2015–2017 (HR = 1.125). While African Americans have seen increases in survival in the past decade, a similar increase in survival for other races leaves a significant survival disparity in African Americans.
Perioperative fluid management and outcomes in adult deceased donor liver transplantation – A systematic review of the literature and expert panel recommendations
Authors: Morkane Clare M. , Sapisochin Gonzalo , Mukhtar Ahmed M. , Reyntjens Koen M. E. M. , Wagener Gebhard , Spiro Michael , Raptis Dimitri A. , Klinck John R. ,   the ERAS4OLT.org Working Group
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundFluid management practices during and after liver transplantation vary widely among centers despite better understanding of the pathophysiology of end‐stage liver disease and of the effects of commonly used fluids. This reflects a lack of high quality trials in this setting, but also provides a rationale for both systematic review of all relevant studies in liver recipients and evaluation of new evidence from closely related domains, including hepatology, non‐transplant abdominal surgery, and critical care.ObjectivesTo develop evidence‐based recommendations for perioperative fluid management to optimize immediate and short‐term outcomes following liver transplantation.Data sourcesOvid MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Central.MethodsSystematic review following PRISMA guidelines and recommendations using the GRADE approach derived from an international expert panel. Studies included those evaluating the following postoperative outcomes: acute kidney injury, respiratory complications, operative blood loss/red cell units required, and intensive care length of stay.PROSPERO protocol ID: CRD42021241392ResultsFollowing expert panel review, 18 of 1624 screened studies met eligibility criteria for inclusion in the final quantitative synthesis. These included six single center RCTs, 11 single center observational studies, and one observational study comparing centers with different fluid management techniques. Definitions of interventions and outcomes varied between studies. Recommendations are therefore based substantially on expert opinion and evidence from other clinical settings.ConclusionsA moderately restrictive or “replacement only” fluid regime is recommended, especially during the dissection phase of the transplant procedure. Sustained hypervolemia, based on absence of fluid responsiveness, elevated filling pressures and/or echocardiographic findings, should be avoided (Quality of Evidence: Moderate | Grade of Recommendation: Weak for restrictive fluid regime. Strong for avoidance of hypervolemia). Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) should be maintained at >60–65 mmHg in all cases (Quality of Evidence: Low | Grade of Recommendation: Strong). There is insufficient evidence in this population to support preferential use of any specific colloid or crystalloid for routine volume replacement. However, we recommend against the use of 130/.4 HES given the high incidence of AKI in this population.
Molekulardiagnostik in der Dermatologie: Eine Online‐Umfrage zur Untersuchung von Nutzung, Hürden und Anforderungen in Deutschland
Authors: Tizek Linda , Schuster Barbara , Gebhardt Christoffer , Reich Kristian , von Kiedrowski Ralph , Biedermann Tilo , Eyerich Kilian , Zink Alexander , Garzorz‐Stark Natalie 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZieleMolekulardiagnostik (MDx) gewinnt in der Dermatologie zunehmend an Bedeutung und ihre Anwendung ist eine Voraussetzung für personalisierte Medizin. Das Ziel dieser Querschnittstudie war es, zu untersuchen, wie oft MDx in dermatologischen Praxen in den drei Bereichen Onkologie, entzündliche Hauterkrankungen und Infektiologie angewendet wird und welche Hürden für niedergelassene Dermatologen bezüglich MDx bestehen.MethodenDie ärztlichen Mitglieder des Berufsverbandes der Deutschen Dermatologen e. V. (BVDD) wurden mit Hilfe eines Online‐Fragebogens zur MDx befragt.ErgebnisseEs gaben 39,6 % der 192 Teilnehmer an, MDx anzuwenden. Von diesen setzte der Großteil MDx ein, um Infektionskrankheiten zu diagnostizieren (86,5 % und 44,3 % der Anwender verwendeten MDx zum Nachweis von Pilzerkrankungen bzw. sexuell übertragbaren Erkrankungen). Nur ein kleiner Anteil nutzte MDx für onkologische oder entzündliche Fragestellungen. Die größten Hürden für die Nichtanwender im Vergleich zu den Anwendern waren Schwierigkeiten bei der Implementierung von MDx, fehlende Expertise sowie zeitliche, personelle und technische Umsetzbarkeit. Die Erstattungsfähigkeit war ein großes Problem für beide Gruppen.SchlussfolgerungenObwohl es Therapiemöglichkeiten gibt, die Präzisionsmedizin erfordern, ist MDx bei niedergelassenen Dermatologen noch nicht sehr verbreitet. Um MDx voranzutreiben, sind Bemühungen zur kontinuierlichen Fortbildung bezüglich MDx, die Verfügbarkeit von zuverlässigen und validen Tests sowie die Erstattungsfähigkeit erforderlich.
Orales Vitamin D versus Acitretin bei kongenitaler nicht syndromaler Ichthyose: randomisierte, kontrollierte Doppelblindstudie
Authors: Bakshi Shirin , Mahajan Rahul , Karim Adil , De Dipankar , Handa Sanjeev , Saikia Biman 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungHintergrundVitamin D hat sich als vielversprechende Behandlung für die kongenitale Ichthyose herausgestellt. Bisher liegen keine Vergleichsstudien vor.MethodikIn dieser randomisierten Doppelblindstudie erhielten Patienten mit kongenitaler Ichthyose für 24 Wochen entweder Vitamin D 2000 IU/Tag (Gruppe A) oder Acitretin 0,5 mg/kg/Tag (Gruppe B). Primärer Endpunkt war die Verbesserung des Visual Index for Ichthyosis Severity (VIIS) und des Ichthyosis Area Severity Index (IASI). Sekundäre Endpunkte waren der Ichthyosis Quality of Life Index‐32 (IQoL‐32), die mRNA‐Expression von RORγt und IL‐17 sowie unerwünschte Ereignisse.Ergebnisse24 Patienten beendeten die Studie. Gruppe A (n = 11) zeigte eine signifikante Verringerung bei VIIS (p = 0,023) und IASI (p = 0,026) nach 12, aber nicht nach 24 Wochen. Gruppe B (n = 13) zeigte nur nach 24 Wochen eine signifikante Verringerung beim IASI (p = 0,016). Bei beiden Gruppen verbesserte sich der IQoL‐32 über 24 Wochen. Eine signifikante Verringerung der mRNA‐Expression von RORγt (p = 0,048) und IL‐17 (p = 0,023) wurde ausschließlich bei Gruppe A festgestellt. Hinsichtlich VIIS, IASI und IQol‐32 ergab sich nach 12 und 24 Wochen kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen den beiden Behandlungsarmen. Es wurden keine schwerwiegenden unerwünschten Ereignisse beobachtet.SchlussfolgerungenVitamin D könnte eine Alternative zu Acitretin bei der Behandlung einer kongenitalen Ichthyose sein, bei der es die Expression von RORγt und IL‐17 reduziert.
Online‐HIV/STI‐Risikotest (ORT): Eine prospektive Querschnittsstudie unter sexuell aktiven Personen in Deutschland
Authors: Skaletz‐Rorowski Adriane , Potthoff Anja , Nambiar Sandeep , Basilowski Miriam , Wach Janet , Kayser Arne , Kasper Andre , Brockmeyer Norbert H. 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungHintergrundZiel war es, einen anonymen, selbst durchzuführenden, webbasierten Test zur Bestimmung des persönlichen Risikos für HIV/STI zu entwickeln und zu evaluieren.MethodenDer Online‐HIV/STI‐Risikotest wird seit 12/2017 angeboten. 11 529 Teilnehmer absolvierten den Test vollständig und 10 668 wurden ausgewertet. Der Test beinhaltete Multiple‐Choice‐Fragen zur Soziodemografie, Sexualität, sexuellem Risikoverhalten und HIV/STI‐Tests. Die Daten der Teilnehmer wurden nach Geschlecht und Sexualität stratifiziert und ausgewertet.Ergebnisse84,5 % der Teilnehmer waren zwischen 18 und 39 Jahre alt, 7,5 % < 18 und 8,1 % > 40. Unter den Teilnehmern waren 53,1 % Männer, 46,3 % Frauen und 0,6 % Trans. 12,5 % waren Männer, die Sex mit Männern haben (MSM). 59,1 % und 66 % der Teilnehmer waren gegen Hepatitis A beziehungsweise B geimpft, aber 75,1 % ungeimpft gegen HPV. Die Häufigkeit von früheren und wiederholten Fällen von STI (inklusive HIV) war unter MSM höher. Dennoch waren 61,4 % der Frauen, 70 % der Männer und 55,4 % der MSM noch nie auf eine STI getestet worden. Obwohl die Prävalenz von > 3 Sexualpartner in den letzten zwölf Monaten unter MSM am höchsten war, gaben Frauen häufiger kondomlosen Sex an. 34,5 % der Männer, 25,6 % der Frauen und 75 % der MSM hatten Analverkehr.SchlussfolgerungenDer Online‐HIV/STI‐Risikotest ist ein nützliches Instrument zur Erfassung von Daten zum STI‐Risikoverhalten für eine strategisch ausgerichtete STI‐Prävention, Testung und Impfung und damit zur Verbesserung der sexuellen Gesundheit.
S1‐Leitlinie: Diagnostik und Therapie der Vitiligo
Authors: Böhm Markus , Schunter Jo Ana , Fritz Klaus , Salavastru Carmen , Dargatz Sonja , Augustin Matthias , Tanew Adrian 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungVitiligo ist eine häufige Hauterkrankung, die durch immunvermittelte Zerstörung der Melanozyten zustande kommt. Die nichtsegmentale Vitiligo, der häufigste klinische Subtyp, ist üblicherweise chronisch und oft mit erheblichen psychosozialen Folgen verbunden. Vitiligo erfordert eine frühzeitige Diagnose, Erkennung von Komorbidität, präzise Erfassung der Ausdehnung und Krankheitsaktivität, Einschätzung der Beeinträchtigung der Lebensqualität sowie umgehende Therapieeinleitung basierend auf den aktuell verfügbaren evidenzbasieren Behandlungsmöglichkeiten. Diese S1‐Leitlinie hilft deutschen Dermatologen bei der Diagnose und Therapie der Vitiligo.
The Porphyrias
Authors: Muschalek Wiebke , Hermasch Matthias A. , Poblete‐ Gutiérrez Pamela , Frank Jorge 
Published: March 2022

SummaryThe porphyrias are clinically variable and genetically heterogeneous, predominantly hereditary metabolic diseases, which are caused by a dysfunction of specific enzymes in heme biosynthesis. Here, we provide an overview of the etiopathogenesis, clinic, differential diagnosis, laboratory diagnostics and therapy of these complex metabolic disorders and cover in detail the most common form of porphyria worldwide (porphyria cutanea tarda), the most frequent childhood porphyria (erythropoietic protoporphyria), and the most common neurocutaneous porphyria (variegate porphyria).
Die Porphyrien
Authors: Muschalek Wiebke , Hermasch Matthias A. , Poblete‐ Gutiérrez Pamela , Frank Jorge 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Porphyrien sind klinisch variable und genetisch heterogene, vorwiegend hereditäre metabolische Krankheiten, die durch eine Dysfunktion spezifischer Enzyme der Hämbiosynthese verursacht werden. Wir geben einen Überblick zur Ätiopathogenese, Klinik, Differenzialdiagnose, Labordiagnostik und Therapie dieser komplexen Stoffwechselkrankheiten und stellen die weltweit häufigste Porphyrieform (Porphyria cutanea tarda), die häufigste Porphyrie des Kindesalters (erythropoetische Protoporphyrie) und die häufigste neurokutane Porphyrie (Porphyria variegata) detailliert vor.
Impact of the compulsory military service reform of 2007–2008 on the demand for higher education
Authors: Kotyrlo Elena , Varshavskaya Elena 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study evaluates the effect of a compulsory military service reform conducted in 2007–2008 on the demand for higher education in Russia. The reform shortened the conscription term (from two years to one year), abolished several deferments, and significantly reduced the number of military departments in Russian universities, which provided an opportunity to avoid being conscripted as a private. The difference between the Russian reform and the armed forces reforms carried out in several European countries in the 1990s–2000s lies in the fact that compulsory military service was not abolished completely. Based on data compiled from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey, we find that the men affected by the reform are, in general, approximately 12% less likely to graduate from higher education. The effect is more pronounced for men from cities and more advantaged family backgrounds. Army veterans exhibit steadily lower demand for higher education irrespective the reform.
Lack of lipid accumulation in two species of chalcidoid wasps with secondarily evolved phytophagy
Authors: Lammers Mark , Kraaijeveld Ken , Ellers Jacintha 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStable co‐evolutionary relationships between species may result in the loss of autonomous synthesis of essential nutrients when these can be obtained from the ecological partner. Parasitoid insects obtain most of their nutrients from their host, and many lineages do not increase their adult lipid reserves even when feeding on a surplus of sugars. Several clades within the parasitoid Hymenoptera have lost the parasitoid lifestyle and switched to either a predatory or a phytophagous lifestyle. Here, we test whether adult lipid accumulation is reactivated in two species that independently evolved a phytophagous lifestyle from parasitoid ancestors. The larvae of Megastigmus aculeatus (Swederus) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Torymidae) and Bruchophagus platypterus (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eurytomidae) obligatorily feed on seeds of specific plants. Seeds of wild host plants were collected and the emerging wasps were tested for the lipid accumulation phenotype using whole‐body diethyl ether extraction. Both species had significantly reduced lipid content after 1 week ad libitum access to sugars compared to the lipid content at emergence, indicating a lack or negligible level of lipogenesis. Therefore, the secondary switch to phytophagy was not associated with recovery of lipid accumulation in these species. We discuss these results in relation to the lipid content of the host seeds and the reversibility of the lipid accumulation phenotype. We infer that the close relationship among seed‐feeding insects and their hosts allows the seed‐feeders to rely on a diet with predictable lipid quantities which relaxes the need for autonomous lipid synthesis.
Effects of Caliciopsis pinea inoculation with and without wounding on Pinus strobus
Authors: Cram Michelle M. , Fraedrich Stephen W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe canker pathogen, Caliciopsis pinea, and a bast scale, Matsucoccus macrocicatrices, have been found strongly associated with dieback and mortality of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) in the Appalachian Mountains of the United States. The scale is thought to be a wounding agent that creates infection courts for fungal pathogens like C. pinea. Inoculation tests on 3‐year‐old containerized eastern white pine seedlings were conducted with and without wounding. Puncture wound treatments designed to mimic insect wounds were applied to stems and to branch crotches. An inoculation treatment consisting of a 0.1 ml suspension containing 30,700–32,359 C. pinea ascospores was dripped on each area with puncture wounds or a nonwounded area of stems and branch crotches in two separate tests. In another series of tests, C. pinea mycelial plugs were placed on 4 mm diameter stem wounds and on nonwounded stems. Inoculation of wounds with C. pinea resulted in expanding resinous cankers, and C. pinea was reisolated from 80% to 100% of puncture wounds on stems, 40%–75% of puncture wounds on branch crotches and 100% from the 4 mm wound with mycelial inoculum. No cankers formed in nonwounded stems and branch crotches following inoculation with both types of C. pinea inoculum. The results of this study suggest that ascospores moved by water, as occurs during rains, would be able to infect small puncture wounds on a seedling stem. The tests also found that an individual C. pinea canker was not capable of girdling a seedling within a year following inoculation, suggesting that this pathogen is not particularly lethal and likely requires multiple infection courts provided by the scale to girdle branches and sapling stems.