bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tailored exercise management (TEMPO) versus usual care for people aged 80 years or older with hip/knee osteoarthritis: study protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial.
Authors: Nicolson Philippa , Holden Melanie A , Marian Ioana R , Williamson Esther , Dutton Susan J , Garrett Angela , Hopewell Sally , Lamb Sarah E 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Exercise is recommended for all people with osteoarthritis. However, these recommendations are based on randomised clinical trials including people with an average age between 60 and 70 years, and these findings cannot reliably be generalised to people aged 80 years or older. Rapid loss of muscle occurs after 70 years of age, and older people are more likely to also have other health conditions that contribute to difficulties with daily activities and impact on their response to exercise. To improve care for people aged 80 or older with osteoarthritis, it is thought that a tailored exercise intervention targeting both osteoarthritis and any other health conditions they have, may be needed. The aim of this study will be to test if it is possible to conduct a randomised controlled trial (RCT) for people over 80 years of age with hip/knee osteoarthritis of a tailored exercise intervention.
Methods
A multicentre, parallel, 2-group, feasibility RCT with embedded qualitative study, conducted in ≥ 3 UK NHS physiotherapy outpatient services. Participants (n ≥ 50) with clinical knee and/or hip osteoarthritis and ≥ 1 comorbidity will be recruited by screening referrals to participating NHS physiotherapy outpatient services, via screening of general practice records and via identification of eligible individuals from a cohort study run by our research group. Participants will be randomised (computer-generated: 1:1) to receive either: a 12-week education and tailored exercise intervention (TEMPO); or usual care and written information. The primary feasibility objectives are to estimate: 1) ability to screen and recruit eligible participants; 2) retention of participants, measured by the proportion of participants who provide outcome data at 14-week follow-up. Secondary quantitative objectives are to estimate: 1) participant engagement assessed by physiotherapy session attendance and home exercise adherence; 2) sample size calculation for a definitive RCT. One-to-one semi-structured interviews will explore the experiences of trial participants and physiotherapists delivering the TEMPO programme.
Discussion
Progression criteria will be used to determine whether a definitive trial to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of the TEMPO programme is considered feasible with or without modifications to the intervention or trial design.
Trial Registration:
ISRCTN75983430. Registered 3/12/2021. https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN75983430
Data-driven analysis of the local current distributions of 316L stainless steel corrosion in NaCl solution
Authors: Coelho Leonardo Bertolucci , Torres Daniel , Bernal Miguel , Paldino Gian , Bontempi Gianluca , Ustarroz Jon 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This investigation proposes using Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy (SECCM) as a high throughput tool to collect corrosion activity datasets from randomly probed locations on electropolished 316L SS. In the presence of chloride (varying concentrations), potentiodynamic polarisation tests (varied scan rates) triggered the development of pitting corrosion. Data science methods were deployed to handle, explore, and store the 955 j Vs E curves (public datasets). Normality tests and fitting with theoretical functions were used to understand the conditional log(j) distributions at different potentials. Unimodal and uniform distributions were assigned to the passive and pitting regions. Our local strategy aligned with “big-data” analysis revealed a potential-dependent distribution of log(j), with the amount of randomness increasing with the testing aggressiveness.
Genome-wide identification of protein binding sites in mammalian cells
Authors: Liu Fenglin , Ma Tianyu , Zhang Yu-xiang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
DNA-protein interactions play an important role in basic biological processes and are crucial for understanding gene regulatory networks. However, traditional techniques for studying DNA-protein interactions, such as chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays, can only map the genome-wide binding sites of single proteins one-time with ChIP-grade antibodies. Here we describe a strategy, called genome-wide protein binding site capture (GWPBS-Cap), which can be used to map genome-wide protein binding sites (PBSs) without using antibodies. In the procedure, DNA and DNA-binding proteins are cross-linked with formaldehyde, and the cross-linked chromatin is sonicated and conjugated to magnetic beads using Sulfo-SMCC. Before the cross-linking step, nuclei are washed with buffers containing different concentrations of NaCl. Using this technique we identified many PBSs with different tolerances for NaCl, and obtained an unprecedented view of the genome-wide binding patterns of many DNA binding proteins. By referring to a transcription factor database, we predicted thousands of transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) among the PBSs. Some PBSs bind single TFs, others multiple TFs. Usually PBSs that bound multiple TFs had stronger binding strengths and were present in the higher NaCl tolerance groups. In addition, active promoters contained more PBSs with lower NaCl tolerances. We conclude that GWPBS-Cap can be used to efficiently identify PBSs and generate a genome-wide landscape of DNA-protein interactions.
Nutritional supplementation and enhanced antioxidant function by dietary intake of selenoneine and other selenium compounds in red seabream Pagrus major
Authors: Shimokawa Yutaro , Abe Kanako , Ohura Mami , Yamamoto Mana , Ando Hitoshi , Tofuku Takuma , Yamashita Michiaki , Kondo Masakazu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Selenoneine, 2-selenyl-Nα, Nα, Nα-trimethyl-L-histidine, is the major organic selenium compound in marine fish. To characterize biological antioxidant function of selenoneine in fish, the accumulation of selenoneine and other selenium compounds, i. e., sodium selenite and selenomethionine, in the muscle and other tissues of red seabream. We reared red seabream by feeding of 1% dry pellet containing of sodium selenite, selenomethionine, or selenoneine of body weight twice a day for 4 weeks. After that, we replaced to 1% of normal commercial dry pellet of body weight twice a day for 1 week from the selenium supplementation, and tissue distribution of total selenium was determined. Selenium supplementation with selenoneine, selenomethionine, and sodium selenite enhanced selenium accumulation in the white muscle, kidney, and hepatopancreas in comparison with the control group. By the dietary intake of selenoneine, total selenium concentrations were increased in the white muscle, heart, kidney, spleen, hepatopancreas, brain, and blood in a dose-dependent manner during the trials after 2 weeks. Dietary intake of selenoneine as well as sodium selenite and selenomethionine reduced ORP.
Exploiting convergent evolution to derive a pan-cancer cisplatin response gene expression signature
Authors: Scott Jacob , Scarborough Jessica , Eschrich Steven , Torres-Roca Javier , Dhawan Andrew 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Precision medicine offers remarkable potential for the treatment of cancer, but is largely focused on tumors that harbor actionable
mutations. Gene expression signatures can expand the scope of precision medicine by predicting response to traditional
(cytotoxic) chemotherapy agents without relying on changes in mutational status. We present a novel signature extraction
method, inspired by the principle of convergent evolution, which states that tumors with disparate genetic backgrounds may
evolve similar phenotypes independently. This evolutionary-informed method can be utilized to produce signatures predictive
of response to over 200 chemotherapeutic drugs found in the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer Database. Here, we
demonstrate its use by extracting the Cisplatin Response Signature, CisSig, for use in predicting a common trait (sensitivity
to cisplatin) across disparate tumor subtypes (epithelial-origin tumors). CisSig is predictive of cisplatin response within the
cell lines and clinical trends in independent datasets of tumor samples. Finally, we demonstrate preliminary validation of
CisSig for use in muscle-invasive cancer, predicting overall survival in patients who undergo cisplatin-containing chemotherapy.
This novel methodology can be used to produce robust signatures for the prediction of traditional chemotherapeutic response,
dramatically increasing the reach of personalized medicine in cancer.
Correlation and significance of clinical multi-factors in children with growing pain
Authors: Sun Yimeng , Liu Yongdong , Zhang Jing , Hu Qiang , Liu Yutong , Shang Xifeng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose

To explore each factor's relationship and clinical significance by analyzing and comparing multiple clinical factors between children with growing pain and normal children.

Methods

The clinical data of 100 children with growing pain and 400 normal children from March 2022 to October 2022 in the Pediatric Surgery Clinic of Weifang People's Hospital were collected, including 61 males and 39 females, the mean age was 55.39 ± 27.97 months. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 software and paired independent samples t-test was used to compare groups.

Results

The medial ankle distance in the growing pain group (4.37 ± 2.12cm) was greater than that in the control group (1.81 ± 1.00cm) (P < 0.001); in the growing pain group, the medial ankle distance in overweight children (5.72 ± 2.79cm) was greater than that in normal weight children (4,10 ± 1.84cm), the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.0035); there was no significant difference in weight and height between the two groups (p > 0.05). 64% of the children who were followed up for more than half a year improved significantly.

Conclusion

Compared with normal children, the medial ankle distance in children with growing pain increased significantly, indicating that it was related to genu valgum; no difference in weight and height was found between the two groups; however, the overweight children in the growing pain group had significant medial ankle distance. The children's predilection age, age group distribution, pain location, and medical record have specific clinical characteristics. This analysis has particular clinical significance for the further understanding and treatment of growing pains.
Level of Evidence: II
Land plant evolution and volcanism led to the Late Devonian mass extinction
Authors: Smart Matthew , Filippelli Gabriel , III William Gilhooly , Ozaki Kazumi , Reinhard Christopher , Marshall John , Whiteside Jessica 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The evolution of land plants in terrestrial environments brought about one of the most dramatic shifts in the history of the Earth system — the birth of modern soils — and likely stimulated massive changes in marine biogeochemistry and climate. In particular, multiple marine mass extinctions characterized by widespread anoxia, including the Late Devonian mass extinction around 375 million years ago (Ma), may have been linked to terrestrial nutrient release driven by newly-rooted landscapes. Here, we use recently generated constraints from Earth’s lacustrine rock record as variable inputs in an Earth system model of the coupled C-N-P-O2-S biogeochemical cycles in order to evaluate whether recorded changes to phosphorus fluxes would be adequate to sustain Devonian marine biogeochemical perturbations and extinction dynamics. Results show that globally scaled riverine phosphorus export during the Late Devonian mass extinction generates widespread marine anoxia and produces carbon isotope, temperature, oxygen, and carbon dioxide perturbations generally consistent with the geologic record. Similar results for a competing extinction mechanism, large scale volcanism, suggest the Late Devonian mass extinction was likely multifaceted with both land plants and volcanism as contributing factors.
Improving STEM scale calibration reliability with scanning noise correction and image registration
Authors: Kang Min-Chul , Park Juhong , Jo Kyu-Jin , Lee Jung Hye , Yang Cheol-Woong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In conventional scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) calibration, an image of a known specimen is taken and, the length is determined based on the known spacing appearing in the image. However, in high-magnification images, the accuracy of scale calibration decreases as the effect of scanning noise, which can be caused by the vibration of equipment, the instability of AC power and temperature, etc., increases. In this report, we introduce a calibration method for STEM, including scanning noise correction and image registration using a Si single-crystal image. The validity of the calibration method was confirmed by verifying the lattice parameter of an example sample of Cu3Al. The validation results show that the calibration can be more reliable by reducing the influence of scanning noise, allowing the lattice parameters to be accurately measured with a relative error of less than 3%.
Fe-Nanoparticle Effect on Polypropylene for Effective Radiation Protection. Simulation and theoretical study.
Authors: Alshipli Marwan , Aladailah MUTAZ , Marashdeh M.W. , Akhdar H. , Tashlykov O.L. , Al-Tamimi Walaa 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this study, polymer nanocomposite materials based on polypropylene and iron nanoparticles are evaluated for their gamma-neutron shielding capabilities. The chemical composition of these materials is (100-x) PP-Fex, (where x = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1, 2 and 5 weight percent). Using the Geant4 Monte Carlo code, the mass attenuation coefficient(MAC), a crucial parameter for studying the gamma-ray shielding capabilities, was determined for the proposed polymer samples in the photon energy range of 30-2000 KeV. The results were compared to those predicted by the EpiXS programme. The values of the Geant4 code and the EpiXS software were both found to be in excellent agreement. The linear attenuation coefficients, electron density, effective atomic number, and half value layer for all the concerned samples were then determined for each sample using the mass attenuation coefficient values. Additionally, the polymer samples' neutron shielding properties were evaluated by estimating both the fast neutron removal cross-section and the mean free path of the fast neutron in the energy ranging between 0.25-5.5 KeV. The findings show that as the polymer sample's Fe nanoparticle content rises, the PP-Fe polymer samples' gamma-ray shielding efficacy changes. Among the examined glasses, the PP-Fe5 polymer sample offers the best gamma-ray shielding ability. Finally, the PP-Fe5 polymer sample containing 5 mol% of Fe, has the highest ∑R value (1.10650 cm−1) and the lowest value of the fast neutron mean free path. This means that the PPFe5 possesses better neutron shielding efficiency.
Living with type 1 diabetes in Neno, Malawi: A qualitative study
Authors: Drown Laura , Adler Alma , Schwartz Leah N. , Sichali Junious , Valeta Francis , Boudreaux Chantelle , Trujillo Celina , Ruderman Todd , Bukhman Gene 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The prevalence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is thought to be growing in low-income countries such as Malawi, despite a lack of epidemiological data and published literature in many areas. In low-income countries, T1D care is frequently impacted by challenges in diagnosis and management, including misdiagnosis and access to insulin, which can increase prevalence of severe complications and affect T1D outcomes. Access to high-quality T1D care remains limited in Malawi, with fairly low availability and high cost of insulin as well as other supplies and diagnostics, lack of T1D knowledge, and absence of readily accessible guidelines. In the Neno district, Partners In Health established advanced care clinics at district hospitals provide comprehensive, free care for T1D and other noncommunicable diseases. Here we seek to examine the impact of living with T1D, knowledge and self-management, and facilitators and barriers to T1D care in this district.
Methods
We conducted a qualitative study consisting of interviews conducted in Neno, Malawi with people living with type 1 diabetes (PLWT1D), their families, providers, and civil society members to explore the psychosocial and economic impact of living with T1D, T1D knowledge and self-management, and facilitators and barriers to accessing care.
Results
This study found that PLWT1D had good knowledge and practice of self-management activities for T1D. Key facilitators to care identified by informants included extensive patient education and availability and provision of free insulin and supplies. Significant barriers included distance from health facilities, food insecurity, and low literacy/numeracy. Informants described T1D as having a notable psychosocial and economic impact on PWLT1D and their families, notably worrying about having a lifelong condition, high transportation costs, and reduced ability to work. While home visits and transport refunds helped facilitate access to the clinic, informants reported the refunds as inadequate given high transport costs faced by patients.
Conclusions
T1D was found to have a significant impact on PLWT1D and their families. Our findings represent important areas of consideration in design and implementation of effective programs for treating PLWT1D in resource-limited settings. Facilitators to care identified by informants may be applicable and beneficial in similar settings, while persisting barriers represent areas for continued improvement in Neno.
Predictive modeling of optimism bias using gray matter cortical thickness
Authors: Kotikalapudi Raviteja , Moser Dominik A. , Dricu Mihai , Spisak Tamas , Aue Tatjana 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Optimism bias (OB) is an expectancy bias, where people expect irrationally good future outcomes for themselves. Predictive modeling for OB would open new opportunities for estimating an overall state of well-being and understanding clinical conditions such as depression. To our knowledge, this is the first study attempting to address OB implementing a dedicated machine-learning based predictive modeling. We calculate people’s OB via a soccer paradigm, where participants rate their comparative chances for a successful outcome against their rival (i.e., personal OB) and a rival team (social OB). Later, using gray matter cortical thickness (CT) in a machine-learning framework, we predict both POB and SOB. Our results reveal a significant brain structure-based predictive model for experimentally assessed POB (Pearson’s r = 0.41, p = 0.006). Strongest predictors include left rostral and caudal ACC, right pars orbitalis and entorhinal cortex, all shown to have a role in OB before. Our confounder analysis suggests that the predictions are predominantly driven by CT measures and are not corrupted by demographic data (e.g., age and sex). There were no predictors recognized for estimating SOB. More of such predictive models on a large-scale data platform are needed, to help us understand positive psychology and individual well-being.
Insights into the enumeration of mixtures of probiotic bacteria by flow cytometry
Authors: Tracey Harry , Coates Niall , Hulme Eleri , John Daniel , Michael Daryn , Plummer Susan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The use of flow cytometry to enumerate microorganisms is gaining traction over the traditional plate count technique on the basis of superior accuracy, precision and time-to-result. Here, we assessed the suitability of live/dead flow cytometry for the enumeration of mixed populations of probiotic bacteria whilst comparing outcomes with plate counting. Using a novel gating strategy designed specifically for the enumeration of mixed populations, the application of flow cytometry resulted in the detection of higher numbers of viable bacteria with a greater level of repeatability than plate counting. However, when the probiotic mixtures contained preparations with high numbers of non-viable cells in their total population, there was a potential for overestimation of the viable population. Nevertheless, the comparative plate counts of these mixtures were low and variable, thus supporting the use of flow cytometry for the enumeration of viable bacteria in mixed populations.
Design of hole matrix unit for high precision batch hole making of acoustic lining assembly of aero-engine
Authors: Gong Qinghong , Li Liang , Luo Pan , Chen Jie , Yuan Xinman , Ma Ke , Hu Zhiqin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Acoustic lining assemblies with millions of high-density array holes are key structures for high-performance and low-noise aero engines. However, the material specificity, variable curvature shape structure, high-order number of holes, and small-sized hole spacing of acoustic lining assemblies pose great challenges to the hole-making technology. In this paper, in view of the machining requirements of millions of acoustic lining holes, a hole matrix unit design method for batch hole making is proposed. The optimal hole matrix unit dimension is calculated with the angle deviation of normal vector as the constraint by matching the structural features of the acoustic lining assembly, dividing and interpolating the hole-making surface, and solving the normal vector of the hole position. The experimental results shows that the proposed hole matrix unit design method can effectively control the angle deviation of normal vector of the acoustic lining holes and ensure the processing accuracy of the holes.
Abnormal variations of the key genes in osteoporotic fractures
Authors: Wang Bin , Pan Lei 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective: The classical osteoporotic signaling pathways include the four key genes(LRP5, Runx2, Osterix, and RANKL) influencing the regulation of osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. This study investigates the variations of these four genes in bone specimens associated with fractures in osteoporotic rats.
Methods: Osteoporotic rats (Ovariectomised rats) as an osteoporotic group were randomly divided into three groups-group A, group B, and group C. Non-osteoporotic rats as control group were likewise divided into three groups-A0, B0 and C0, using the same method. The rats were killed on the third day of fractures in groups A and A0, on the seventh day of fractures in groups B and B0, and on the fourteenth day of fractures in groups C and C0. The bone specimens were taken from the femur, and
expression level of each gene in the bone specimens was detected using RT-qPCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.
Results: LRP5, Runx2, and Osterix expressions were decreased in osteoporotic rat fractures and then increased over time. The expression of RANKL was elevated in osteoporotic rat bone specimens, which decreased after that.
Conclusion: The four genes can inform practice in ideal interventions in the prevention and management of osteoporosis.