bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic investigation of vanadium oxide in CaO–SiO2–VOx system at 1873 K
Authors: Park Donghwi , Jung Ji‐Seok , Lee Joonho 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOwing to the complexity of the multivalence states of vanadium oxides in slag systems and experimental difficulties, thermodynamic properties of vanadium oxides have not been established yet. In the present study, the mixed‐valence states and activities of the vanadium oxides in CaO–SiO2–VOx slag were investigated experimentally at 1873 K and oxygen partial pressures of 3.2 × 10–9 and 3.1 × 10–7 atm. After the CaO–SiO2–VOx slag had equilibrated with a platinum strip, the mixed‐valence states of the vanadium oxides in the slag were estimated by performing X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the activities of the vanadium oxides in the slag were calculated using the activity of vanadium in the platinum strip at equilibrium using thermodynamic equations. At an oxygen partial pressure of 3.2 × 10–9 atm, V3+ was the dominant ion and V4+ was the second most abundant ion. With increasing VOx content or basicity (CaO/SiO2 ratio), the fraction of V3+ decreased, whereas that of V4+ increased. The activity of VO1.5 was greater than those of the other vanadium oxides. On the other hand, when the oxygen partial pressure increased to 3.1 × 10–7 atm, V4+ became the dominant ion. As the slag basicity increased, the fraction of V4+ increased further, whereas that of V3+ decreased to less than that of V5+. The activity of VO1.5 was greater than those of the other vanadium oxides, limiting the effect of the slag basicity. Consequently, the valence state of vanadium oxide was affected by the slag basicity at a low oxygen partial pressure by acting as a network modifier. In contrast, at a higher oxygen partial pressure, the activity of vanadium oxide increased further but was not affected by the slag basicity because of its contribution to the network structure formation. The present findings can be applied to optimize the slag composition in steel refining or vanadium pentoxide production processes to increase the yield rate of vanadium.
Prevalence and functional impact of social (pragmatic) communication disorders
Authors: Saul Jo , Griffiths Sarah , Norbury Courtenay Frazier 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the Children's Communication Checklist‐2 (CCC‐2) for measuring social‐pragmatic communication deficits and to ascertain their prevalence and functional impact in a community sample.MethodsWe used parent and teacher responses to the CCC‐2 to approximate inclusion (poor social‐pragmatic skills) and exclusion (poor structural language skills or autistic symptomatology) criteria for social (pragmatic) communication disorder (SPCD). We tested the prevalence of social‐pragmatic deficits in a population‐based sample of children (n = 386) aged 5–6 years old using CCC‐2 algorithms. We also investigated the academic and behavioural profiles of children with broadly defined limitations in social‐pragmatic competence on the CCC‐2.ResultsRegardless of the diagnostic algorithm used, the resulting prevalence rates for social‐pragmatic deficits indicated that very few children had isolated social‐communication difficulties (0–1.3%). However, a larger proportion of children (range: 6.1–10.5%) had social‐pragmatic skills outside the expected range alongside structural language difficulties and/or autism spectrum symptoms, and this profile was associated with a range of adverse academic and behavioural outcomes.ConclusionsA considerable proportion of children in the early years of primary school has social‐pragmatic deficits that interfere with behaviour and scholastic activity; however, these rarely occur in isolation. Exclusionary criteria that include structural language may lead to underidentification of individuals with social‐pragmatic deficits that may benefit from tailored support and intervention.
Using Item Scores and Distractors in Person‐Fit Assessment
Authors: Gorney Kylie , Wollack James A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn order to detect a wide range of aberrant behaviors, it can be useful to incorporate information beyond the dichotomous item scores. In this paper, we extend the and person‐fit statistics so that unusual behavior in item scores and unusual behavior in item distractors can be used as indicators of aberrance. Through detailed simulations, we show that the new statistics are more powerful than existing statistics in detecting several types of aberrant behavior, and that they are able to control the Type I error rate in instances where the model does not exactly fit the data. A real data example is also provided to demonstrate the utility of the new statistics in an operational setting.
Determinants of COVID‐19 vaccine uptake among healthcare professionals and the general population in Cyprus: A web‐based cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Giannakou Konstantinos , Fakonti Georgia , Kyprianidou Maria 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to examine the factors influencing COVID‐19 vaccine uptake among healthcare professionals (HCPs) and the general population in Cyprus.MethodsA web‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted (November 2021–January 2022), using a self‐administered, anonymous questionnaire to collect information covering a wide range of potential determinants including sociodemographic and health‐related characteristics, trust in the healthcare system, satisfaction with it, utilization of preventive healthcare services, COVID‐19 vaccination information and general vaccination knowledge.ResultsA total of 2582 participants completed the survey. Overall, 53.5% of participants representing the general population, and 70.0% of the HCPs received the COVID‐19 vaccination. We found that as the age increases by 1 year among the general population, the odds of being vaccinated against COVID‐19 increase by 1.02 units (95% 1.00, 1.03, p= 0.035). In addition, participants among the general population with increased trust in national healthcare authorities' guidelines (OR = 3.96, 95% CI: 3.41, 4.61), and increased vaccination knowledge scores (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.18) were significantly more likely to be vaccinated, while those who had underage children living in the household were significantly less likely to be vaccinated against COVID‐19 (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.50, 0.91). Furthermore, male HCPs (OR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.01, 3.59), and those who reported increased trust in national healthcare authorities' guidelines (OR = 5.38, 95% CI: 3.65, 7.95) were significantly more likely to be vaccinated.ConclusionPublic health policymakers can use national campaigns and long‐term planning to build public trust in national healthcare authorities and raise awareness about the benefits of vaccination. Such strategies could pave the way for adequate vaccine uptake and prepare the public for unfavourable scenarios, such as future pandemics.
Transmembrane kinase 1‐mediated auxin signal regulates membrane‐associated clathrin in Arabidopsis roots
Authors: Wang Yutong , Yan Xu , Xu Mei , Qi Weiyang , Shi Chunjie , Li Xiaohong , Ma Jiaqi , Tian Dan , Shou Jianxin , Wu Haijun , Pan Jianwei , Li Bo , Wang Chao 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTClathrin‐mediated endocytosis (CME) is the major endocytic pathway in eukaryotic cells that directly regulates abundance of plasma membrane proteins. Clathrin triskelia are composed of clathrin heavy chains (CHCs) and light chains (CLCs), and the phytohormone auxin differentially regulates membrane‐associated CLCs and CHCs, modulating the endocytosis and therefore the distribution of auxin efflux transporter PIN‐FORMED2 (PIN2). However, the molecular mechanisms by which auxin regulates clathrin are still poorly understood. Transmembrane kinase (TMKs) family proteins are considered to contribute to auxin signaling and plant development; it remains unclear whether they are involved in PIN transport by CME. We assessed TMKs involvement in the regulation of clathrin by auxin, using genetic, pharmacological, and cytological approaches including live‐cell imaging and immunofluorescence. In tmk1 mutant seedlings, auxin failed to rapidly regulate abundance of both CHC and CLC and to inhibit PIN2 endocytosis, leading to an impaired asymmetric distribution of PIN2 and therefore auxin. Furthermore, TMK3 and TMK4 were shown not to be involved in regulation of clathrin by auxin. In summary, TMK1 is essential for auxin‐regulated clathrin recruitment and CME. TMK1 therefore plays a critical role in the establishment of an asymmetric distribution of PIN2 and an auxin gradient during root gravitropism.
Local Network Effects in the Adoption of a Digital Platform*
Authors: Kim Jin‐Hyuk , Newberry Peter , Wagman Liad , Wolff Ran 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe examine the extent to which network effects on a digital platform are geographically local. Focusing on the fantasy sports market, we find that the size of a county's existing user base on the platform significantly impacts the number of new adopters in that county, while the size of the user base in nearby counties does not. We also find evidence that network effects are heterogenous across income levels. Guided by these results, we demonstrate that the initial distribution of users across counties can significantly influence the growth of the network over time, and draw implications for optimal seeding strategies.
Managerial coaching and employee knowledge sharing: A daily diary study
Authors: Li Quan , She Zhuolin , Gu Jun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMost research on knowledge sharing has examined the construct as an individual difference variable and neglected that it may vary within an individual over a short period of time. Moreover, although researchers have recognized the critical role of leaders in knowledge management practice, scant attention is given to the day‐to‐day dynamics of the relationship between leader behaviours and employee knowledge sharing. Taking a dynamic perspective on knowledge sharing and based on affective events theory, we argue that daily managerial coaching positively affects employees' daily knowledge sharing via the mediating role of daily gratitude. In addition, employees' perceived overqualification would moderate the relation between daily managerial coaching and daily gratitude such that daily managerial coaching would elicit a stronger daily gratitude for employees with lower perceived overqualification. A 10‐working day quantitative diary survey of 122 R&D employees from a large state‐owned enterprise supported our whole theoretical model. The implications of our findings for both theory and practice were discussed.
Physio‐biochemical and histological alterations in response to sheath blight disease of rice (Oryza sativaL.)
Authors: Chhabra Rohit , Sharma Rajni , Hunjan Mandeep Singh , Sharma Vineet Kumar , Thakur Sapna , Chauhan Sanjeev 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSheath blight caused byRhizoctonia solaniis one of the most destructive rice diseases, leading to serious economic yield losses all over the world. The present studies were conducted to assess the impact of sheath blight infection on biochemical and anatomical attributes of a susceptible rice cultivar, i.e., PR 121. Post infection, an increase in endogenous salicylic acid (+97.93), phenols (+74.32%), flavonoids (+32.34%), proline (+74.03%), MDA (+28.78%), POD (+63.57%), CAT (+65.38%), PAL (+90.56%), SOD (+87.04%) and PPO (+53.25%) was due to a possible secondary defence response of the host plant. A significant decline of 61.77% in the total chlorophyll content was observed in the infected leaves over the healthy leaves, whereas lignins (−88.94%) were found to escalate upon infection. SEM observations of infected leaves revealed that the fungal hyphae could intercept surface structures like trichomes and rely on chemotaxis for the infestation. Depositions of phenolic substances might have resulted in the plugging, which caused the disorganization of vascular bundles and disruption of water channels, leading to the cellular collapse, indicating wilting of susceptible rice plants at later stages of infection. The presence of silica on an infected leaf surface indicates the occurrence of a stronger defence response during the early infection phase. The pathogen exhibited increased hyphal colonization, making intimate contact with the host tissues post infection. Hence, it can be concluded that sheath blight infection caused significant metabolic changes in the most efficient antioxidant system of the plant that could limit the cellular damage caused byR. solani. The information obtained by investigating the ultrastructural and metabolic events of healthy and diseased plant parts can assist in the development of effective sheath blight management strategies, thereby reducing the impact on the rice crop.
Examining illicit networks in laboratory experiments with a preliminary focus on communication
Authors: Neequaye David A. , Granhag Pär Anders , Segerberg Andreas , Petterson Daniel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeThis research introduces a web application, the bot orchestrator, to assist researchers in developing paradigms to examine illicit networks in experiments. We implemented the application and a new paradigm to create mock networks using strangers. The proof‐of‐concept experiment examined communication when networks plan illicit activities.MethodParticipants assumed the role of an illicit network member—either a manager, a coordinator or an executor. They held some information the group needed to accomplish either a material or ideological goal: communication between the roles was imperative for success. We also manipulated the level of risk associated with communicating about the planning activities. For half of the participants, there was a moderate risk of communicating about the plans. For the other half, the risk of such communication was high. The procedure allowed us to examine who a network member was willing to communicate with, given the goal under pursuit and the associated risk level.ResultsAlthough goal‐type, risk level, and the Goal‐type × Risk Interaction did not significantly predict communication decisions, a content analysis suggested that participants were attempting to navigate the risks while pursuing their goals. Participants employed diverse communication strategies: individual differences explained the most variance regarding how network members communicate.ConclusionsWe hope the web application and paradigm this research introduces will facilitate further experiments examining illicit networks.
OmpR and Prc contribute to switch the Salmonella morphogenetic program in response to phagosome cues
Authors: López‐Escarpa David , Castanheira Sónia , García‐del Portillo Francisco 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSalmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infects eukaryotic cells residing within membrane‐bound phagosomes. In this compartment, the pathogen replaces the morphogenetic penicillin‐binding proteins 2 and 3 (PBP2/PBP3) with PBP2SAL/PBP3SAL, two proteins absent in Escherichia coli. The basis for this switch is unknown. Here, we show that PBP3 protein levels drop drastically when S. Typhimurium senses acidity, high osmolarity and nutrient scarcity, cues that activate virulence functions required for intra‐phagosomal survival and proliferation. The protease Prc and the transcriptional regulator OmpR contribute to lower PBP3 levels whereas OmpR stimulates PBP2SAL/PBP3SAL production. Surprisingly, despite being essential for division in E. coli, PBP3 levels also drop in non‐pathogenic and pathogenic E. coli exposed to phagosome cues. Such exposure alters E. coli morphology resulting in very long bent and twisted filaments indicative of failure in the cell division and elongation machineries. None of these aberrant shapes are detected in S. Typhimurium. Expression of PBP3SAL restores cell division in E. coli exposed to phagosome cues although the cells retain elongation defects in the longitudinal axis. By switching the morphogenetic program, OmpR and Prc allow S. Typhimurium to properly divide and elongate inside acidic phagosomes maintaining its cellular dimensions and the rod shape.
Genomic insight into genetic changes and shaping of major inbred rice cultivars in China
Authors: Ye Junhua , Zhang Mengchen , Yuan Xiaoping , Hu Dongxiu , Zhang Yuanyuan , Xu Siliang , Li Zhen , Li Ruosi , Liu Junrong , Sun Yanfei , Wang Shan , Feng Yue , Xu Qun , Yang Yaolong , Wei Xinghua 
Published: September 2022

Summary

The annual planting area of major inbred rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars reach more than half of the total annual planting area of inbred rice cultivars in China. However, how the major inbred rice cultivars changed during decades of genetic improvement and why they can be prevalently cultivated in China remains unclear.

Here, we investigated the underlying genetic changes of major inbred cultivars and the contributions of landraces and introduced cultivars during the improvement by resequencing a collection of 439 rice accessions including major inbred cultivars, landraces, and introduced cultivars.

The results showed that landraces were the main genetic contribution sources of major inbred Xian (Indica) cultivars, while introduced cultivars were that of major inbred Geng (Japonica) cultivars. Selection scans and haplotype frequency analysis shed light on the reflections of some well‐known genes in rice improvement, and breeders had different preferences for the Xian's and Geng's breeding. Six candidate regions associated with agronomic traits were identified by genome‐wide association mapping, five of which were under positive selection in rice improvement.

Our study provides a comprehensive insight into the development of major inbred rice cultivars and lays the foundation for genomics‐based breeding in rice.
Unique structural features of claudin‐5 and claudin‐15 lead to functionally distinct tight junction strand architecture
Authors: Rajagopal Nandhini , Nangia Shikha 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMembers of the claudin family impart unique paracellular selectivity to tight junctions. However, the structure–function relationship between claudin's strand architecture and the paracellular charge‐ and size‐selectivity is not well‐understood. This work examines the molecular assembly of claudin‐5, a barrier‐forming protein, and claudin‐15, a channel‐forming protein, to determine their structural and functional properties. We adopt a bottom‐up approach starting from claudin monomers to build the molecular architecture of the tight junction strands. First, we investigated the cis assembly of claudin‐5 and ‐15 dimers using the Protein Association Energy Landscape method. Out of the millions of dimer conformations, we narrowed down key cis claudin‐5 and ‐15 dimer conformations that were thermodynamically and kinetically stable. Second, we performed the trans assembly of dimers to identify the tetrameric building blocks that serve as the repeat units for strand formation. Finally, the strand assembly of the tetrameric repeat units showed fundamentally distinct strand architectures. In claudin‐5, the cis and trans interactions seal the paracellular space, while in claudin‐15, the gaps in the paracellular space lead to pore formation. This detailed study suggests that each member of the claudin family is unique and requires systematic molecular‐level analysis for determining the strand architecture.
Perioperative pain disparity in children: A call for action
Authors: Tan Heidi , Mendoza Beverly A. , Fortier Michelle A. , Kain Zeev 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRacial and ethnic disparities in both healthcare management and delivery have been extensively documented in medical literature. For example, patients from non‐White minority backgrounds in the United States have been found to experience worse clinical outcomes after surgery, to receive fewer surgical procedures, and to experience worse perioperative pain management compared with patients from non‐minority backgrounds. A recent NIH‐ACS Symposium on Surgical Disparities Research has identified an urgent need for research aimed at addressing and understanding these disparities. The present review summarizes existing literature describing perioperative pain disparities in children in the United States, as well as highlights the paucity of research in this domain. Specifically, there is a need for randomized control trials and health services research studying pediatric perioperative pain disparities. A multidisciplinary systems‐based approach would help translate findings from scientific research to clinical practice and is a crucial step to ensuring all children of diverse backgrounds receive optimal perioperative care.
How can we breed for phosphate efficiency in maize (Zea mays)?
Authors: Weiß Thea M. , Li Dongdong , Roller Sandra , Liu Wenxin , Hahn Volker , Leiser Willmar L. , Würschum Tobias 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFuture farming is required to produce high yields with reduced inputs. Increased fertilizer prices and policy goals underline the need to breed for nutrient‐efficient varieties. We therefore conducted a multienvironmental field trial comprising 400 maize genotypes, half elite lines and half doubled haploid lines from six European landraces and assessed yield parameters and corresponding phosphorus concentrations at two developmental stages. From these traits, we derived several measures for phosphate efficiency and evaluated them phenotypically and genetically. The results of this study revealed that ample variation for phosphate efficiency is present in maize. However, while elite material clearly outperformed all landraces with regard to yield‐related traits, some landrace genotypes indicated superior early development characteristics. The phosphate efficiency measures showed a complex genetic architecture, and hence, genomic selection appears best suited to assist their improvement. Taken together, breeding for phosphate efficiency is feasible but should be performed under the same conditions in which the crops are eventually grown because phosphate efficiency and what is deemed a sustainable P balance largely depends on the context.
Retrospective review of outcomes associated with metastatic melanoma patients treated with 1st‐line BRAF‐targeted therapy
Authors: Jones James , Lucey Rebecca , Corrie Pippa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBRAF‐mutant melanoma patients can theoretically access both immunotherapy and BRAF‐targeted therapy as treatment for metastatic disease. BRAF‐targeted therapy is increasingly used 1st line for poorer prognostic patients, so we wanted to assess realistic expectations of these patients accessing 2nd‐line immunotherapy. We conducted a retrospective review of clinical outcomes in 25 patients treated over the last 3 years with 1st‐line BRAF‐targeted therapy in a real‐world clinical setting at a UK‐based tertiary centre. Compared with the registration trials, our patients receiving 1st‐line BRAF‐targeted therapy had poorer performance status, higher disease burden, shorter median progression‐free survival (5.05 months, 95% CI: 3.96–8.88) and shorter median overall survival (11.5 months, 95% CI: 6.24 – not reached). Overall response rate was similar, at 64%. On disease progression, median survival was 2.34 months (95% CI: 1.62 – not reached). Only five patients went on to receive 2nd‐line immunotherapy. Metastatic melanoma patients treated with 1st‐line BRAF‐targeted therapy now have different demographics compared with those recruited to registration trials conducted over the last 10 years. In a modern‐day, real‐world setting, these patients should be counselled that only 1 in 5 are likely to receive 2nd‐line immunotherapy and their survival times are expected to be short.