bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher levels of concern about dieting and moderate-intensity physical activity predict orthorexia nervosa among young adults
Authors: Pardini S. , Szubert J. , Novara C. , Brytek-Matera A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionIn some individuals, interest in healthy attitudes and behaviours towards food may show obsessive signs. Preoccupation with ‘healthful’ eating may contribute to orthorexia nervosa (ON) – a strong preoccupation with “healthy eating” manifested by the avoidance of all foods considered by the individual to be “unhealthy”.ObjectivesThe objective of the present study was to determine whether disordered eating behaviour, physical activity and self-esteem are predictors of ON in young adults.MethodsFive hundred fifty-four Polish and Italian university students participated in the present study. Participants were asked to answer the Eating Habits Questionnaire, the Eating Attitudes Test, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale.ResultsOur findings found that higher levels of concern about dieting and moderate-intensity physical activity were related to ON. Particularly, higher levels of concern about dieting, bulimic behaviour and thoughts about food and moderate-intensity physical activity predicted problems associated with healthy eating. Higher levels of concern about dieting, self-esteem as well as self-control of eating and perceived pressure from others to gain weight were associated with knowledge of healthy eating. Whereas, higher levels of concern about dieting with country factor (Poland) predicted feeling positively about healthy eating.ConclusionsIn ON treatment, reduction in symptoms and concerns characteristic of eating disorders and adequate levels of physical activity should be taken into consideration.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Transdiagnostic Role of Glutamate and White Matter Damage in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Luttenbacher I. , Philips A. , Kazemi R. , Hadipour A. , Sanghvi I. , Martinez J. , Adamson M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionNeuropsychiatric disorders including Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Bipolar Disorder (BD), and Schizophrenia (SZ) have been considered distinct categories of diseases despite their overlapping characteristics and symptomatology.ObjectivesWe aimed to provide an in-depth review elucidating the role of glutamate/Glx and white matter (WM) abnormalities from a transdiagnostic perspective.MethodsThe PubMed online database was searched for studies published between 2010 and 2021. After careful screening, 399 studies were included.ResultsThe findings point to decreased levels of glutamate in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex in both SZ and BD, whereas Glx is elevated in the Hippocampus in SZ and MDD. With regard to WM abnormalities, the Corpus Callosum and superior Longitudinal Fascicle were the most consistently identified brain regions showing decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) across all the reviewed disorders, except GAD. Additionally, the Uncinate Fasciculus was found to be affected in all the reviewed disorders, except OCD. Decreased FA was also found in the inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus, inferior Fronto-Occipital Fasciculus, Thalamic Radiation, and Corona Radiata in SZ, BD, and MDD. Decreased FA in the Fornix and Corticospinal Tract were found in BD and SZ patients. The Cingulum and Anterior Limb of Internal Capsule exhibited decreased FA in MDD and SZ patients.ConclusionsThe results suggest a gradual increase in severity from GAD to SZ defined by the number of brain regions with WM abnormality which may be partially caused by abnormal glutamate levels. WM damage could thus be considered a potential marker of some of the main neuropsychiatric disorders.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Psychotherapists’ Acceptance of Telepsychotherapy: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Békés V. , Aafjes-Van Doorn K. , Zilcha-Mano S. , Prout T. , Hoffman L. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionTherapists’ forced transition to provide psychotherapy remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic offers a unique opportunity to examine therapists’ views and challenges with teletherapy.ObjectivesWe aimed to develop predictive models of three aspects of psychotherapists’ acceptance of teletherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic; attitudes towards teletherapy, concerns about using teletherapy, and intention to use it in the future.MethodsIn an international survey, therapists (N = 795) completed a survey about their experiences during the pandemic, including quality of therapeutic relationship, professional self-doubt, vicarious trauma, and telepsychotherapy acceptance. Regression decision trees machine learning analyses were used to build prediction models for each aspects of telepsychotherapy acceptance.ResultsAttitudes toward telepsychotherapy were most positive for therapists who reported neutral or strong online working alliance, especially if they experienced little professional self-doubt and were younger than 40 years old. Therapists who were most concerned about telepsychotherapy, were those who reported higher levels of professional self-doubt, particularly if they also reported vicarious trauma experiences. Therapists who reported low working alliance were the least likely to use telepsychotherapy in the future.ConclusionsTherapists’ professional self-doubt and the quality of their working alliance with their telepsychotherapy patients appear to be the most pertinent factors associated with therapists’ acceptance of telepsychotherapy during COVID-19, and should be addressed in future training and research.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
COVID 19 survivors : Feeling suicidal ?
Authors: Nourchene K. , Khelifa E. , Abassi B. , Maatouk O. , Bouguerra I. , Ben Aissa S. , Mnif L. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic is associated with several psychiatric manifestations leaving undoubtedly psychological consequences. However by escaping death ,do COVID-19 survivors present a higher risk for suicide ?ObjectivesIn this study, we aimed to explore suicidal risk among recovering COVID 19 patients .MethodsOur literature review was based on the PubMed interface and adapted for 2 databases: Science Direct and Google Scholar using the following combination ( suicide [MeSH terms]) AND (COVID-19 survivors[MeSH terms]).ResultsRecovering COVID 19 patients are at risk for developping posttraumatic stress disorder , anxiety , depression and sleep abnormalities , especially in severe forms. Added to that ,cognitive impairment was largely described in COVID 19 causing judgment and reasoning decline. These manifestations would partially explain the suicidiality among survivors regardless to their medical hisotry. Nonetheless,many COVID-19 survivors experience persistent physical symptoms and psychiatric disorders leading to post-COVID syndrome which is associated with increased suicidal ideation and behavior In addition , social factors are considered as a suicide risk factor such as isolation ,loss of loved ones ,loss of job and economic instability .ConclusionsOver the course of illness , COVID 19 survivors may suffer from psychiatric and medical conditions leading to serieous suicide risk. Therefore ,suicide prevention interventions and appropriate medical management need to be provided to keep survivors alive .DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Evaluation of the self-reported questionnaires used to assess mental health after the January 2015 terrorist attacks in the Paris Region: IMPACTS survey
Authors: Bertuzzi L. , Vuillermoz C. , El Aarbaoui T. , Héron M. , Aubert L. , Pirard P. , Vandentorren S. , Motreff Y. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionStructured clinical interviews are the gold standard for assessing mental health. However limited resources may allow the use of only self-report questionnaires. In the context of emergency, such as terrorist attacks, the performance and thresholds of such tools still unclear.ObjectivesWe investigated the performance of the Posttraumatic stress disorder CheckList Scale (PCL-S) and of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS), both compared to the MINI Interview, among civilians and first responders involved in terrorist attacks.MethodsThe data came from the IMPACTS survey which was conducted from 6-10 months among civilians (N=190) and first responders (N=232) after the January 2015 terrorist attacks in the Paris Region, France. Sensitivity and specificity of the PCL-S and HADS were estimated by the ROC curve, and the optimal threshold was defined using the Youden index.ResultsRegarding the PCL-S: for civilians and first responders respectively, the overall AUC was 0.947 and 0.899, and the optimal threshold were 38.5 and 39.5. Regarding the HADS-D: for civilians and first responders respectively, the overall AUC was 0.908 and 0.617 and the optimal thresholds were 7.5 and 1.5. For the HADS-A for civilians and first responders respectively, the overall AUC was 0.823 and 0.717, the optimal threshold were 9.5 and 6.5.ConclusionsIn the context of a terrorist attack, compared to the MINI, our study underlined satisfactory performance of the PCL-S and the HADS-D in screening for PTSD and depression respectively, while the screening of anxiety using the HADS-A was unsatisfactory.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Prediction of post-partum depression and anxiety based on clinical interviews and symptom self-reports of depression and anxiety during pregnancy
Authors: Wilkie E. , Gillet V. , Talati A. , Posner J. , Takser L. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe tools used to evaluate mental health during pregnancy matter. Their efficacy in identifying symptom severity enables better predictions of postpartum mental health. The Mother & Youth: Research on Neurodevelopment & behaviour (MYRNA) cohort is an NIH funded longitudinal cohort from Sherbrooke, Canada studying the effects of pregnant women’s mental health.ObjectivesWe examine which mental health tools will better gauge depression and anxiety during pregnancy based on predicting postpartum outcomes. Our hypothesis is that an approach combining a clinical interview with self-report questionnaires may predict mental health in postpartum women.MethodsParticipants’ mental health is evaluated by the SCID-5-RV, a lifetime interview administered at 30 weeks and monthly questionnaires including PHQ-9 and GAD-7. Participants are in the depression/anxiety group if they either pass all the criteria in the SCID during pregnancy or have an average PHQ-9 or GAD-7 score greater than 7. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) are the outcome variables.ResultsPHQ-9 was correlated with EPDS, r(220)= .38, p< .01, and GAD-7 was correlated with PSS, r(213)= .56, p< .01. SCID results only had a significant effect on PSS,
F(3,220)= 3.77, p= .01 and not with EPDS,
F(3,219)= 1.08, p= .36. When the self-report measures and interview were combined significant effects were seen for both the EPDS,
F(1,222)= 18.71, p< .01 and the PSS,
F(1,223)= 34.94, p<.01.ConclusionsPreliminary results show significant associations between measures administered during pregnancy and postpartum measures. Prediction models based on classification will be analyzed once more data is collected.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Efficacy of Synchronous Remote-Based Interventions for Suicide Prevention among Adolescent and Adult Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Comendador Vázquez L. , Cebrià Meca A. , Sanz Ruíz A. , Jiménez-Villamizar M.P. , Sanabria-Mazo J.P. , Mateo Canedo C. , Palao Vidal D. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionSuicide is a universal, complex, and multifaceted public health problem that is among the leading causes of preventable death worldwide. The impact of suicide affects families, communities, and societies; hence its prevention is an emerging priority for public health systems.ObjectivesThe current systematic review aims to investigate the efficacy of distance suicide prevention strategies implemented through synchronous technology-based interventions (i.e., any digital tool that allows interactive and immediate real-time communication conducted remotely).MethodsThe bibliographic search has been carried out in the electronic databases MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science, with no restrictions on the publication period and limited to publications in English or Spanish. Two reviewers independently will conduct screenings, data extraction, risk of bias (RoB), and methodological quality assessment.ResultsThe preliminary data searches seem to support the effectiveness of providing active contact to persons who have made a suicide attempt and indicate that receiving early specialized assistance decreases the relative risk of recurrence. The reduction would be attributable to improved detection of patients at increased risk and effective referral to emergency services.ConclusionsTelematics suicide prevention has been an emergent field for years, facilitated by the notably increased in acceptance and availability. Considering that distance programmes can reach affected individuals regardless of their location, it stands to reason that these interventions will be part of future suicide prevention efforts. The results will be discussed regarding (a) the effect size of the intervention outcomes and (b) the main moderators of the effectiveness found.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Perceived Stress Among Students of Private and Public Sector Medical Colleges of Pakistan: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Fatima M. , Mehdi Z. , Saeed S. , Nisar A. , Zain M. , Binte Shakir J. , Aamer I. , Arain F. , Jawad M. , Aziz N. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionMedical-education is associated with high overall stress and it is important to identify relevant factors.ObjectivesThe study was aimed to discern the differences in perceived stress among the students of public and private medical colleges of Pakistan and to identify factors subservient to any hypothesized difference.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted at different private and public medical colleges of Pakistan using validated tools: PSS-14 (Perceived Stress Scale) to find out the levels of stress faced by each sector and MSSQ (Medical Student Stressor Questionnaire) to determine the factors associated with increased stress.ResultsTotal of 424 medical students from various public and private medical colleges of Pakistan (212 each) filled the questionnaires. The mean score +/- SD of PSS-14 was 36.17 ± 6.096 for the public sector and 36.29 ±5.732 for the private sector. Hence, there was no difference between the two comparative means of PSS score, t(422)=-0.213,p=0.831.The results for both sectors were classified as high perceived stress (27-40 score is high perceived stress). Out of 40 individual stress-causing factors in MSSQ, the students from private-sector scored higher as compared to public-sector: Quota System in examination t(422)=-3.951,p=0.000, stress caused by lack of time for friends and family t(422)=-3.225,p=0.001, stress caused by Tests/Examination t(422)=-2.131,p=0.034, stress caused by the parental wish for them to study medicine t(422)=-2.346,p=0.019 and stress caused by fear of getting poor marks t(422)=-2.183,p=0.030.ConclusionsThere exists no overall difference in the perceived-stress among the medical students of public and private medical colleges despite private-sectors having significantly more operational financial resources.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Secondary Traumatic Stress and Vicarious Posttraumatic Growth among nurses during three COVID-19 lockdowns in Greece
Authors: Kalaitzaki A. , Tsouvelas G. , Tamiolaki A. , Theodoratou M. , Konstantakopoulos G. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionSince the onset of the pandemic, nurses have been repeatedly exposed to their patients’ COVID-19-related traumatic experiences. Therefore, they are at high risk for Secondary Traumatic Stress (STS), the stress syndrome resulting from helping others who are suffering. Positive psychological outcomes following this vicarious exposure are also likely. Vicarious posttraumatic growth (VPTG) refers to the positive changes from working with patients who themselves have coped with traumatic experiences.ObjectivesThis study aims to examine STS and VPTG among 429 nurses during three lockdowns of the COVID-19 pandemic in Greece.MethodsA repeated cross-sectional survey with a convenience and snowball sampling procedure was conducted. The Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (STSS), the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), the Brief Resilience Scale, and the Brief Cope (BC) were used to measure STS, VPTG, resilience, and coping strategies, respectively.ResultsNurses in Greece demonstrated high levels of STS at the first lockdown, significantly lower in the second one, which raised again -but not significantly- in the third lockdown. Resilience significantly decreased, whereas VPTG significantly increased across the three lockdowns. Following the escalation of the pandemic nurses in general used significantly more adaptive and less maladaptive coping strategies to deal with the crisis.ConclusionsFurther research is needed to clarify the longitudinal course of the negative and positive psychological effects of the pandemic on healthcare staff. Conclusions can guide the development of interventions to safeguard nurses from the deleterious impacts of the COVID-19 and support them in their process of growth.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Suicidality in University Students Throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Vigo D. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has greatly disrupted the day-to-day life of university students, as it has for the general population. University students have been reported to have high rates of mental health concerns, including suicidal ideation.ObjectivesAscertaining the correlation of Covid-19 dissemination and proximity to University students in Vancouver, Canada, with suicidal ideation and suicidal plan.MethodsWe analyuzed weekly cross-sectional data from our Canadian World Mental Health International College Student survey by plotting the 30-day suicide ideation as a binary and the ordered 30-day suicide ideation outcomes using logistic and ordered generalized additive model (GAM) respectively, with a cubic spline and adjusting for demographics. We also ran an analysis on the association between binary 30-day ideation and different sample characteristics using logistic regression.ResultsThe time trend analysis showed that suicidal ideation did not seem to increase during the COVID-19 pandemic. On the contrary, ideation levels were found to be high in the beginning (February 2020) with a downwards trend through June to September before gradually increasing around November, 2020. We identified sociodemographic risk factors that may be associated with suicidal ideation, and established that those most at risk were students who had been emotionally overwhelmed by Covid-19 and unable to find help.ConclusionsOur results seem to indicate that, in general, students have remained resilient under the stress factors presented by the pandemic, and that trends in suicidality seem to follow seasonal or school calendar year stressors rather than respond to the pandemic. However, certain subpopulations appear to be more affected than others.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The Use of Ceramides to Predict Metabolic Response to Metformin in Women With PCOS
Authors: Sharma Anu , Krick Benjamin , Li Ying , Summers Scott A , Playdon Mary C , Welt Corrine 
Published: September 2022

AbstractContextPolycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a complex disorder in which metabolic abnormalities are associated with reproductive dysfunction. Women with PCOS have increased ceramide concentrations. Previous studies demonstrated that treating metabolic abnormalities of PCOS with metformin improved glucose effectiveness after 12 weeks.ObjectiveWe evaluated whether, in women with PCOS, lower baseline ceramide, diacylglycerol (DAG), and triacylglycerol (TAG) concentrations were associated with improved metabolic response to metformin.MethodsWomen (n = 29), aged 29 ± 5 years and diagnosed with PCOS by the NIH criteria underwent an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) before and after 12-week treatment with metformin (1500 mg per day). Metabolic responders were defined by improved glucose effectiveness, specifically, the ability of glucose to stimulate uptake and suppress production, after metformin treatment.ResultsTwelve weeks of metformin resulted in weight loss (−1.7 ± 2.6 kg, P &lt; 0.01) and a reduction in BMI (−0.6 ± 0.9 kg/m2, P &lt; 0.01) with no change in HbA1c. The concentrations of Cer(d18:1/22:0), Cer(d18:1/24:0), total ceramides, total Cer(d16:0), total Cer(d18:2), DAG, dihydrosphingomyelin (DHSM), and TAG decreased after metformin treatment (P &lt; 0.05). Baseline total Cer(d16:0) concentration &lt;204.1 pmol/mL was 82% sensitive (AUC 0.72, P = 0.03) and total DHSM concentration &lt;32237 pmol/mL was 100% specific (AUC 0.73, P = 0.03) in predicting improved metabolic response to metformin, as measured by IVGTT.ConclusionLower total Cer(16:0) and DHSM concentrations are associated with a beneficial metabolic response to metformin in women with PCOS. Based on the known association between higher ceramide levels and type 2 diabetes, the data suggest that metformin improves metabolic parameters in women with mild metabolic derangements.
Nationwide Readmission Rates and Hospital Charges for Patients With Surgical Evacuation of Nontraumatic Subdural Hematomas: Part 2—Burr Hole Craniostomy
Authors: Shaftel Kelly A. , Jubran Jubran H. , Cole Tyler S. , Little Andrew S. 
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND:
Nontraumatic subdural hematoma (SDH) is a common neurological disease that causes extensive morbidity and mortality. Craniotomy or burr hole craniostomy (BHC) is indicated for symptomatic lesions, but both are associated with high recurrence rates. Although extensive research exists on postoperative complications after BHCs, few studies have examined the underlying causes and predictors of unplanned 30-day hospital readmissions at the national level.

OBJECTIVE:
To compare causes for hospital readmission within 30 days after surgical SDH evacuation with BHC and evaluate readmission rates and independent predictors of readmission.

METHODS:
This retrospective cohort observational study was designed using the Nationwide Readmissions Database. We identified patients who had undergone BHC for SDH evacuation (2010-2015). National estimates and variances within the cohort were calculated after stratifying, hospital clustering, and weighting variables.

RESULTS:
We analyzed 2753 patients who had BHC for SDH evacuation: 675 (24.5%) had at least one 30-day readmission. Annual readmission rates did not vary across the study period (P = .60). The most common cause of readmission was recurrent SDH (n = 630, 93.3%), and the next most common was postoperative infection (n = 12, 1.8%). Comorbidities significantly associated with readmission included fluid and electrolyte disorders, chronic blood loss anemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, depression, liver disease, and psychosis (P ≤ .04), but statistically significant independent predictors for readmission included only chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and fluid and electrolyte disorders (P ≤ .007).

CONCLUSION:
These national trends in 30-day readmission rates after nontraumatic SDH evacuation by BHC not otherwise published provide quality benchmarks that can aid national quality improvement efforts.