bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Externalities in global value chains: Firm solutions for regulation challenges
Authors: Buckley Peter J. , Liesch Peter W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractResearch summaryNegative externalities in global value chains (GVCs) create challenges for regulation. We establish conditions under which firms are more likely to adapt their GVCs to rectify negative externalities that occur at global scale. Firms in GVCs vary in relation to their active involvement in attending to negative externalities in a predictable way, according to their awareness (A) of these externalities, motivation (M) to address them, and the capability (C) to do so. Firms in GVCs can self‐correct imperfections by strategy changes, or new firms can be recruited into the GVC with the awareness, motivation, and the capability to attend to negative externalities. National governments may find these externalities to be a significant policy challenge, particularly when they extend across national jurisdictions.Managerial summaryPrivate mechanisms, through firm strategy or new entrants into an industry, can address negative externalities created in GVCs. The agency of GVC members is crucial in self‐correction via awareness, driven by GVC integration; motivation to act, driven by GVC accountability; and the capability to implement the necessary changes, driven by GVC leadership. GVCs with more exchanges of knowledge and information among members will be more aware of the costs they generate on third parties. GVCs with members who are more involved with stakeholders and who prioritize CSR will have greater motivation to attend to their externalities, and larger GVCs that span national borders, dominated by a strong member, may be more capable of having greater influence on the externalities the GVC creates.
Factors associated with interval colorectal cancer after negative FIT: Results of two screening rounds in the Dutch FIT‐based CRC screening program
Authors: Breekveldt Emilie C. H. , Toes‐Zoutendijk Esther , van de Schootbrugge‐Vandermeer Hilliene J. , de Jonge Lucie , Kooyker Arthur I. , Spaander Manon C. W. , van Vuuren Anneke J. , van Kemenade Folkert J. , Ramakers Christian , Dekker Evelien , Nagtegaal Iris D. , van Leerdam Monique E. , Lansdorp‐Vogelaar Iris 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe interval colorectal cancer (CRC) rate after negative fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) is an important quality indicator of CRC screening programs. We analyzed the outcomes of two rounds of the FIT‐based CRC screening program in the Netherlands, using data from individuals who participated in FIT‐screening from 2014 to 2017. Data of individuals with one prior negative FIT (first round) or two prior negative FITs (first and second round) were included. Outcomes included the incidence of interval CRC in FIT‐negative participants (<47 μg Hb/g feces [μg/g]), FIT‐sensitivity, and the probability of detecting an interval CRC by fecal hemoglobin concentration (f‐Hb). FIT‐sensitivity was estimated using the detection method and the proportional incidence method (based on expected CRC incidence). Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate whether f‐Hb affects probability of detecting interval CRC, adjusted for sex‐ and age‐differences. Incidence of interval CRC was 10.4 per 10 000 participants after the first and 9.6 after the second screening round. FIT‐sensitivity based on the detection method was 84.4% (95%CI 83.8‐85.0) in the first and 73.5% (95% CI 71.8‐75.2) in the second screening round. The proportional incidence method resulted in a FIT‐sensitivity of 76.4% (95%CI 73.3‐79.6) in the first and 79.1% (95%CI 73.7‐85.3) in the second screening round. After one negative FIT, participants with f‐Hb just below the cut‐off (>40‐46.9 μg/g) had a higher probability of detecting an interval CRC (OR 16.9; 95%CI: 14.0‐20.4) than had participants with unmeasurable f‐Hb (0‐2.6 μg/g). After two screening rounds, the odds ratio for interval CRC was 12.0 (95%CI: 7.8‐17.6) for participants with f‐Hb just below the cut‐off compared with participants with unmeasurable f‐Hb. After both screening rounds, the Dutch CRC screening program had a low incidence of interval CRC and an associated high FIT‐sensitivity. Our findings suggest there is a potential for further optimizing CRC screening programs with the use of risk‐stratified CRC screening based on prior f‐Hb.
Structural expression of bovine milk and meat factors in tissues of colorectal, lung and pancreatic cancer patients
Authors: Nikitina Ekaterina , Alikhanyan Kristina , Neßling Michelle , Richter Karsten , Kaden Sylvia , Ernst Claudia , Seitz Stefan , Chuprikova Liubov , Häfele Lisa , Gunst Karin , Rahbari Nuh , Birgin Emrullah , Rasbach Erik , Rahbari Mohammad , Brobeil Alexander , Schenk Miriam , Büchler Markus , de Villiers Ethel‐Michele , Bund Timo , zur Hausen Harald 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChronic inflammation, linked to the presence of bovine milk and meat factors (BMMFs) and specific subsets of macrophages, results in oxygen radical synthesis and induction of mutations in DNA of actively replicating cells and replicating single stranded DNA. Cancers arising from this process have been characterized as indirect carcinogenesis by infectious agents (without persistence of genes of the agent in premalignant or cancers cells). Here, we investigate structural properties of pleomorphic vesicles, regularly identified by staining peritumor tissues of colorectal, lung and pancreatic cancer for expression of BMMF Rep. The latter represents a subgroup of BMMF1 proteins involved in replication of small single‐stranded circular plasmids of BMMF, but most likely also contributing to pleomorphic vesicular structures found in the periphery of colorectal, lung and pancreatic cancers. Structurally dense regions are demonstrated in preselected areas of colorectal cancer, after staining with monoclonal antibodies against BMMF1 Rep. Similar structures were observed in human embryonic cells (HEK293TT) overexpressing Rep. These data suggest that Rep or Rep isoforms contribute to the structural formation of vesicles.
System truncation accelerates binding affinity calculations with the fragment molecular orbital method: A benchmark study
Authors: Nakamura Shinya , Akaki Tatsuo , Nishiwaki Keiji , Nakatani Midori , Kawase Yuji , Takahashi Yuki , Nakanishi Isao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method is a fast quantum‐mechanical method that divides systems into pieces of fragments and performs ab initio calculations. The system truncation enables further speed improvement. In this article, we systematically study the effects of system truncations on binding affinity calculations obtained with FMO in combination with either the polarizable continuum model (FMO/PCM) or in combination with the Møller–Plesset method (FMO‐MP2). We have used five protein complexes with ligands of several charged states. The calculated binding energies of the size variants of the truncated system, including only a restricted number of atoms around the ligand, are compared to the energy obtained from a full system. The result shows that the systems could be truncated to a radius of 8 Å from neutral ligands within an error of 0.7 kcal/mol, and 12 Å from charged ligands within an error of 1.1 kcal/mol for calculating the binding energy in solution.
Loss of FoxOs in muscle increases strength and mitochondrial function during aging
Authors: Penniman Christie M. , Bhardwaj Gourav , Nowers Colette J. , Brown Chandler U. , Junck Taylor L. , Boyer Cierra K. , Jena Jayashree , Fuqua Jordan D. , Lira Vitor A. , O'Neill Brian T. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundMuscle mitochondrial decline is associated with aging‐related muscle weakness and insulin resistance. FoxO transcription factors are targets of insulin action and deletion of FoxOs improves mitochondrial function in diabetes. However, disruptions in proteostasis and autophagy are hallmarks of aging and the effect of chronic inhibition of FoxOs in aged muscle is unknown. This study investigated the role of FoxOs in regulating muscle strength and mitochondrial function with age.MethodsWe measured muscle strength, cross‐sectional area, muscle fibre‐type, markers of protein synthesis/degradation, central nuclei, glucose/insulin tolerance, and mitochondrial bioenergetics in 4.5‐month (Young) and 22–24‐month‐old (Aged) muscle‐specific FoxO1/3/4 triple KO (TKO) and littermate control (Ctrl) mice.ResultsLean mass was increased in Aged TKO compared with both Aged Ctrl and younger groups by 26–33% (P < 0.01). Muscle strength, measured by max force of tibialis anterior (TA) contraction, was 20% lower in Aged Ctrl compared with Young Ctrls (P < 0.01) but was not decreased in Aged TKOs. Increased muscle strength in Young and Aged TKO was associated with 18–48% increased muscle weights compared with Ctrls (P < 0.01). Muscle cross‐sectional analysis of TA, soleus, and plantaris revealed increases in fibre size distribution and a 2.5–10‐fold increase in central nuclei in Young and Aged TKO mice, without histologic signs of muscle damage. Age‐dependent increases in Gadd45a and Ube4a expression as well accumulation of K48 polyubiquitinated proteins were observed in quad and TA but were prevented by FoxO deletion. Young and Aged TKO muscle showed minimal changes in autophagy flux and no accumulation of autophagosomes compared with Ctrl groups. Increased strength in Young and Aged TKO was associated with a 10–20% increase in muscle mitochondrial respiration using glutamate/malate/succinate compared with controls (P < 0.05). OXPHOS subunit expression and complex I activity were decreased 16–34% in Aged Ctrl compared with Young Ctrl but were prevented in Aged TKO. Both Aged Ctrl and Aged TKO showed impaired glucose tolerance by 33% compared to young groups (P < 0.05) indicating improved strength and mitochondrial respiration are not due to improved glycemia.ConclusionsFoxO deletion increases muscle strength even during aging. Deletion of FoxOs maintains muscle strength in part by mild suppression of atrophic pathways, including inhibition of Gadd45a and Ube4a expression, without accumulation of autophagosomes in muscle. Deletion of FoxOs also improved mitochondrial function by maintenance of OXPHOS in both young and aged TKO.
Histological, elemental, and ultrastructural analysis of melanin in mantle of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas)
Authors: Li Zhuanzhuan , Li Qi , Xu Chengxun , Yu Hong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractColorful shell of bivalve is mainly because of the biological pigments, of which melanin plays an important role in shell color formation. More and more studies focus on the genes function involved in melanin synthesis, but relatively few studies address the biochemical character and ultrastructure of melanin in bivalve from microscopic perspective. Here, we investigated the histological structure of mantle of Crassostrea gigas with orange shell color. Distribution of melanin in mantle was verified with histochemical staining. In addition, immunofluorescence technique showed that strongly positive signal of CgTYR was specific to the mantle margin, which is consistence with the location of brown granules in H&E staining. The further result of elementary composition of melanin displayed that metal Ca, Fe, and Zn were detected using scanning transmission electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy mapping methods. Next, based on TEM observations, it was speculated that the series of cellular events leading to the formation and release of melanin. Melanocyte in the primary stage showed many mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum as well as an extensive Golgi complex with numerous vesicles intermingled with melanosome. Subsequently, melanosome was expended and their hue gradually intensified, and Golgi complex and mitochondria were still observed in the cytoplasm. Finally, after melanosome was discharged into intercellular spaces, the disintegration of membranes in some cells, and severe cellular vacuolization. These data enrich the understanding of ultrastructural characteristic and formation of melanin in mantle of bivalve and pave the way for further investigating shell coloration at the cellular level.
Are natural resources also bad for infrastructure quality?
Authors: Tadadjeu Sosson , Ningaye Paul , Njangang Henri 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study contributes to the extensive non‐consensus literature on the resource curse by examining the effect of natural resource dependence on infrastructure quality. We show that natural resources on average have a negative effect on the overall quality of infrastructure, including the quality of various infrastructures such as roads, ports, railroads, airports and the quality of electricity supply. However, we find that, beyond a certain threshold, natural resources improve the quality of some infrastructure. This study also supports the importance of improving the quality of institutions, as we show that natural resources are a blessing for the infrastructure quality in countries with a better institutional framework.
Molecular evidence for potential transovarial transmission of Jingmen tick virus in Haemaphysalis longicornis fed on cattle from Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Wu Zhen , Chen Junhao , Zhang Linlin , Zhang Yuli , Liu Lin , Niu Guoyu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractJingmen tick virus (JMTV) is a novel tick‐borne virus first identified from Jingmen city, Hubei Province of China in 2010. It has been proved that JMTV can cause human diseases and is widely distributed both inside and outside of China. However, the survival mode and transmission characteristics of JMTV still need further research, particularly in terms of transovarial transmission. In this study, an investigation was conducted to explore the presence of JMTV from engorged female ticks to their offspring. All engorged female adult ticks were collected from domestic cattle and allowed to lay eggs in appropriate humidity and temperature conditions. Maternal ticks, eggs and larvae were screened for JMTV RNA through real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and nested PCR methods. The results revealed the positive rate of 10.53% (10/95) in engorged ticks, 9.09% (2/22) in eggs and 8% (4/50) in larvae pools, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that sequences from eggs and larvae had closer relationship with those isolates from maternal engorged ticks with more than 99.7% homology and JMTV manifested with evolutional conservatism. Our study has identified for the first time that JMTV could be transmitted from mother generation to offspring of Haemaphysalis Longicornis. Nonetheless, the efficiency of transovarial transmission in JMTV and the significance of ticks as amplification hosts still need to be further illustrated.
Construction of a spanning tree for high‐order edge elements
Authors: De Los Santos Eduardo , Alonso Rodríguez Ana María , Rapetti Francesca 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe well‐known tree–cotree gauging method for low‐order edge finite elements is extended to high‐order approximations, within the first family of Nédélec finite element spaces. The key point in this method is the identification of degrees of freedom for edge and nodal finite element spaces, such that the matrix of the gradient operator is the transpose of the all nodes incidence matrix of a directed graph. This is straightforward for low‐order finite elements, and it can be proved that it is still possible in the high‐order case using either moments or weights as degrees of freedom. In the case of weights, a geometrical realization of the graph associated with the gradient operator is very natural. We recall in details the definition of weights and present an algorithm for the construction of a spanning tree of this graph. The starting point of the algorithm is a spanning tree of the graph given by vertices and edges of the mesh (the so‐called global spanning tree, that is the one used in the low‐order case). This global step, interpreted in the high‐order sense, is enriched locally, with a loop over the elements of the mesh, with arcs corresponding to edge, face, and volume degrees of freedom required in the high‐order case.
Strategies for high nitrogen production and fertilizer value of plant‐based fertilizers
Authors: Lynge Mariane , Kristensen Hanne Lakkenborg , Grevsen Kai , Sorensen Jorn Nygaard 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundOrganic vegetable production has a demand for alternative fertilizers to replace fertilizers from sources that are not organic, that is, typically animal‐based ones from conventional farming.AimsThe aim of this study was to develop production strategies of plant‐based fertilizers to maximize cumulative nitrogen (N) production (equal to N yield by green manure crops), while maintaining a low carbon‐to‐nitrogen (C:N) ratio, and to test the fertilizer value in organic vegetable production.MethodsThe plant‐based fertilizers consisted of the perennial green manure crops—alfalfa, white clover, red clover, and a mixture of red clover and ryegrass—and the annual green‐manure crops—broad bean, lupine, and pea. The crops were cut several times at different developmental stages. The harvested crops were used fresh or pelleted as fertilizers for field‐grown white cabbage and leek. The fertilizer value was tested with respect to biomass, N offtake, N recovery, and soil mineral N (Nmin). Poultry manure and an unfertilized treatment were used as controls.ResultsThe cumulative N production of the perennial green manure crops ranged from 300 to 640 kg N ha–1 year–1 when cut two to five times. The highest productions occurred at early and intermediate developmental stages, when cut three to four times. Annual green manure crops produced 110–320 kg N ha–1 year–1, since repeated cutting was restricted. The C:N ratio of the green manure crops was 8.5–20.5, and increased with developmental stage. The fertilizer value of green manure, as measured in white cabbage and leek, was comparable to animal‐based manure on the condition that the C:N ratio was low (<18). N recovery was 20%–49% for green manure and 29%–42% for poultry manure. A positive correlation was detected between soil Nmin and vegetable N offtake shortly after incorporating the green manure crops, indicating synchrony between N release and crop demand.ConclusionsPlant‐based fertilizers represent highly productive and efficient fertilizers that can substitute conventional animal‐based fertilizers in organic vegetable production.
Controversies in spine research: Organ culture versus in vivo models for studies of the intervertebral disc
Authors: Tang Shirley N. , Bonilla Andres F. , Chahine Nadeen O. , Colbath Aimee C. , Easley Jeremiah T. , Grad Sibylle , Haglund Lisbet , Le Maitre Christine L. , Leung Victor , McCoy Annette M. , Purmessur Devina , Tang Simon Y. , Zeiter Stephan , Smith Lachlan J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntervertebral disc degeneration is a common cause of low back pain, the leading cause of disability worldwide. Appropriate preclinical models for intervertebral disc research are essential to achieving a better understanding of underlying pathophysiology and for the development, evaluation, and translation of more effective treatments. To this end, in vivo animal and ex vivo organ culture models are both widely used by spine researchers; however, the relative strengths and weaknesses of these two approaches are a source of ongoing controversy. In this article, members from the Spine and Preclinical Models Sections of the Orthopedic Research Society, including experts in both basic and translational spine research, present contrasting arguments in support of in vivo animal models versus ex vivo organ culture models for studies of the disc, supported by a comprehensive review of the relevant literature. The objective is to provide a deeper understanding of the respective advantages and limitations of these approaches, and advance the field toward a consensus with respect to appropriate model selection and implementation. We conclude that complementary use of several model types and leveraging the unique advantages of each is likely to result in the highest impact research in most instances.
PLA and PBAT‐Based Electrospun Fibers Functionalized with Antibacterial Bio‐Based Polymers
Authors: Chiloeches A. , Fernández‐García R. , Fernández‐García M. , Mariano A. , Bigioni I. , Scotto d'Abusco A. , Echeverría C. , Muñoz‐Bonilla A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAntimicrobial fibers based on biodegradable polymers, poly(lactic acid) (PLA), and poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) are prepared by electrospinning. For this purpose, a biodegradable/bio‐based polyitaconate containing azoles groups (PTTI) is incorporated at 10 wt.% into the electrospinning formulations. The resulting fibers functionalized with azole moieties are uniform and free of beads. Then, the accessible azole groups are subjected to N‐alkylation, treatment that provides cationic azolium groups with antibacterial activity at the surface of fibers. The positive charge density, roughness, and wettability of the cationic fibers are evaluated and compared with flat films. It is confirmed that these parameters exert an important effect on the antimicrobial properties, as well as the length of the alkylating agent and the hydrophobicity of the matrix. The quaternized PLA/PTTI fibers exhibit the highest efficiency against the tested bacteria, yielding a 4‐Log reduction against S. aureus and 1.7‐Log against MRSA. Then, biocompatibility and bioactivity of the fibers are evaluated in terms of adhesion, morphology and viability of fibroblasts. The results show no cytotoxic effect of the samples, however, a cytostatic effect is appreciated, which is ascribed to the strong electrostatic interactions between the positive charge at the fiber surface and the negative charge of the cell membranes.
Steam oxidation of scratched β‐FeAl coatings on P92 steel
Authors: Zhou Yongli , Zhao Qinxin , Lu Jintao , Liang Zhiyuan , Yuan Yong , Gu Yuefeng , Huang Jinyang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAluminizing is a low‐cost and effective technology to improve the oxidation resistance of P92 steel without impacting its mechanical properties. In that regard, it is worth investigating whether a defective coating has an effect on oxidation. A modified aluminizing method is developed to form a thin β‐FeAl layer on heat‐resistant P92 steel under relatively lower temperatures. And the steam oxidation behavior of scratched β‐FeAl coating, scratch‐free β‐FeAl coating, and P92 steel is investigated in this study. The results exhibit that an unstable Fe‐rich oxide layer with a thickness of more than 130 µm grew on the P92 steel, while only an extremely thin α‐Al2O3 scale of less than 0.2 µm emerged on the aluminized‐P92 steel and a bi‐layer nodules oxide scale formed on the scratched aluminide coating. However, the steam oxidation resistance of the coating with a scratched track is still better than that of the steel substrate but far less than that of the scratch‐free coating. To maintain optimal oxidation resistance, the scratched area should be repaired by the formation of a fresh aluminide coating.