bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making Political Science Matter: The Advisory Roles of Political Scientists in the United Kingdom
Authors: Flinders Matthew , Bandola-Gill Justyna , Anderson Alexandra 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis chapter seeks to explore the role of political scientists within the UK’s policy advisory system through a three-stage process. The first stage seeks to map out the topography of the policy advisory system and assess the extent and nature of the discipline’s historical role and position. It concludes that a combination of demand-side and supply-side variables generally ensured that political scientists played a fairly limited role during the second half of the twentieth century. The second stage explores the twenty-first-century shift driven by the meta-governance of higher education that focuses on non-academic impact and engagement through the analysis of data collected from the impact case studies submitted to the Politics and International Studies panel within the 2014 Research Excellence Framework. This data provides significant insights into the role that political scientists have played within the UK’s policy advisory system. The third section presents, analyses and compares the data collected by the ProSEPS survey of political science with the REF2014 data. This chapter not only provides another layer to our understanding of the role that political scientists play in terms of policy advice but also broadens the analytical lens to a wider cross-section of scholars in its exploration of motivational drivers.
A Theoretical Perspective on the Roles of Political Scientists in Policy Advisory Systems
Authors: Brans Marleen , Timmermans Arco , Gouglas Athanassios 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis chapter presents a theoretical perspective for studying the policy advisory roles of political scientists, drawing upon literature on knowledge utilization and policy advisory systems. It first proposes a locational model as a heuristic tool for mapping the advisory activities of academic political scientists in the academic, government and societal arenas, and the intersections between these. For comparative purposes, it considers policy advisory systems as on the one hand reflecting civic epistemologies and political-administrative social systems within countries, and on the other hand as being subject to such global trends towards the externalization and politicization of advice. Secondly, it defines what policy advice is, how its content may vary, and how, to whom, and at which levels of government it is communicated. Thirdly, in order to distinguish engagements and activities of individual academics engaging in advisory work, the chapter construct a typology of four advisory roles: the pure academic, the expert, the opinionating scholar, and the public intellectual.
Resisting Devolution? The Advisory Roles of Political Scientists in Belgium
Authors: Brans Marleen , Aubin David , Fobé Ellen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis chapter shows how Belgian political scientists are active players in the Belgian policy advisory system, particularly engaging with the civil service and civil society. Advisory bodies, even though there are many, are not the first of the political scientists’ targets, confirming that lay and representative interest-based expertise prevails in such traditional organizations connecting society to the state. The tradition of neo-corporatist consociationalism also survives in the nature and recipients of advisory activities, as well as in the attention paid to ensure balanced representation of different denominational institutions in research consortia. As to the impact of the nature of Belgian federalism, the survey data presented in this chapter as well as the analysis of political scientists’ proposal to create a federal electoral district, do not show evidence of strongly devolved policy advisory systems. Actors at the federal level are no less important targets than are those at the subnational level. Yet, in Flanders, political scientists are more active advisors then their colleagues at French-speaking universities. The chapter concludes that this may result from variations in professional norms and from the comparative importance of public sector reform and socio-economic reform on the regions’ political agendas.
The Roles of Climate Risk Dynamics and Adaptation Limits in Adaptation Assessment
Authors: Bouwer Laurens M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe performance of adaptation measures depends on their robustness against various possible futures, with varying climate change impacts. Such impacts are driven by both climatic as well as non-climatic drivers. Risk dynamics are then important, as the avoided risk will determine the benefits of adaptation actions. It is argued that the integration of information on changing exposure and vulnerability is needed to make projections of future climate risk more realistic. In addition, many impact and vulnerability studies have used a top-down rather a technical approach. Whether adaptation action is feasible is determined by technical and physical possibilities on the ground, as well as local capacities, governance and preference. These determine the hard and soft limits of adaptation. Therefore, it is argued that the risk metrics outputs alone are not sufficient to predict adaptation outcomes, or predict where adaptation is feasible or not; they must be placed in the local context. Several of the current climate risk products would fall short of their promise to inform adaptation decision-making on the ground. Some steps are proposed to improve adaptation modelling in order to better incorporate these aspects.
Overall Perspectives
Authors: Leylekian Laurent 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis section sums up the main findings from ANIMA and from associated projects related to aviation noise in order to deliver some key messages for policy-makers. These messages intend both to orient future research and to propose some concrete way to implement measures that could alleviate the noise burden endured by airports’ neighbouring communities. The final table gives an even more synthetic view of these messages, the institutions they target, their objectives and the best ways that are likely to support them.
The holographic contributions to the sphere free energy
Authors: Binder Damon J. , Freedman Daniel Z. , Pufu Silviu S. , Zan Bernardo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We study which bulk couplings contribute to the S3 free energy F($$ \mathfrak{m} $$
m
) of three-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superconformal field theories with holographic duals, potentially deformed by boundary real-mass parameters m. In particular, we show that F($$ \mathfrak{m} $$
m
) is independent of a large class of bulk couplings that include non-chiral F-terms and all D-terms. On the other hand, in general, F($$ \mathfrak{m} $$
m
) does depend non-trivially on bulk chiral F-terms, such as prepotential interactions, and on bulk real-mass terms. These conclusions can be reached solely from properties of the AdS super-algebra, $$ \mathfrak{osp} $$
osp
(2|4). We also consider massive vector multiplets in AdS, which in the dual field theory correspond to long single-trace superconformal multiplets of spin zero. We provide evidence that F($$ \mathfrak{m} $$
m
) is insensitive to the vector multiplet mass and to the interaction couplings between the massive vector multiplet and massless ones. In particular, this implies that F($$ \mathfrak{m} $$
m
) does not contain information about scaling dimensions or OPE coefficients of single-trace long scalar $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superconformal multiplets.
Germany has a high demand in meniscal allograft transplantation but is subject to health economic and legal challenges: a survey of the German Knee Society
Authors: Winkler Philipp W. , Faber Svea , Balke Maurice , Metzlaff Sebastian , Niethammer Thomas R. , Roessler Philip P. , Henkelmann Ralf , Kurme Alexander , Colcuc Sebastian , Zimmermann Gerald , Petersen Wolf , Diermeier Theresa A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To determine the current status and demand of meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) in Germany among members of the German Knee Society (= Deutsche Kniegesellschaft; DKG).

Methods
An online survey was conducted between May 2021 and June 2021 and sent to all members of the DKG. The survey questionnaire consisted of 19 questions to determine the demand and technical aspects of MAT among the participants and to identify areas of improvement in MAT in Germany.

Results
Overall, 152 participants, 136 (89.5%) from Germany, 8 (5.3%) from Switzerland, 6 (4.0%) from Austria, and 2 (1.3%) from other countries completed the online survey, with the majority working in non-academic institutions. According to the regulations of the DKG, 87 (57.2%) participants were board certified as specialized knee surgeons and 97 (63.8%) worked primarily in the field of orthopedic sports medicine. MAT was considered clinically necessary in Germany by 139 (91.5%) participants. Patient age (83.6%), post-meniscectomy syndrome in isolated lateral (79.6%) and medial (71.7%) meniscus deficiency, and functional and athletic demands (43.4%) were the most important determinants to consider MAT in patients. Participants reported that reimbursement (82.9%), jurisdiction over the use of donor grafts (77.6%), and the availability of meniscal allografts (76.3%) are the main challenges in performing MAT in Germany. The most frequently used meniscal allograft types by 54 (35.5%) participants who had already performed MAT were fresh-frozen grafts (56.6%), peracetic acid–ethanol sterilized grafts (35.9%), and cryopreserved grafts (7.6%). Participants reported to perform suture-only fixation more often than bone block fixation for both medial (73.6% vs. 22.6%) and lateral (69.8% vs. 24.5%) MAT.

Conclusion
More than 90% of the responding members of the DKG indicated that MAT is a clinically important and valuable procedure in Germany. Reimbursement, jurisdiction over the use of donor grafts, and the availability of meniscal allografts should be improved. This survey is intended to support future efforts to facilitate MAT in daily clinical practice in Germany.

Level of evidence
Level V.
Distribution of values of quadratic forms at integral points
Authors: Buterus P. , Götze F. , Hille T. , Margulis G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe number of lattice points in d-dimensional hyperbolic or elliptic shells $$\{m : a<Q[m]<b\}$$

{
m
:
a
<
Q
[
m
]
<
b
}

, which are restricted to rescaled and growing domains $$r\,\Omega $$

r

Ω

, is approximated by the volume. An effective error bound of order $$o(r^{d-2})$$

o
(

r

d
-
2

)

for this approximation is proved based on Diophantine approximation properties of the quadratic form Q. These results allow to show effective variants of previous non-effective results in the quantitative Oppenheim problem and extend known effective results in dimension $$d \ge 9$$

d
≥
9

to dimension $$d \ge 5$$

d
≥
5

. They apply to wide shells when $$b-a$$

b
-
a

is growing with r and to positive definite forms Q. For indefinite forms they provide explicit bounds (depending on the signature or Diophantine properties of Q) for the size of non-zero integral points m in dimension $$d\ge 5$$

d
≥
5

solving the Diophantine inequality $$|Q[m] |< \varepsilon $$

|
Q
[
m
]
|
<
ε

and provide error bounds comparable with those for positive forms up to powers of $$\log r$$

log
r

.
Algebraic approximation and the decomposition theorem for Kähler Calabi–Yau varieties
Authors: Bakker Benjamin , Guenancia Henri , Lehn Christian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe extend the decomposition theorem for numericallyK-trivial varieties with log terminal singularities to the Kähler setting. Along the way we prove that all such varieties admit a strong locally trivial algebraic approximation, thus completing the numericallyK-trivial case of a conjecture of Campana and Peternell.
Surgical Outcomes in Canada and the United States: An Analysis of the ACS‐NSQIP Clinical Registry
Authors: Cram Peter , Cohen Mark E. , Ko Clifford , Landon Bruce E. , Hall Bruce , Jackson Timothy D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere has been longstanding uncertainty over whether lower healthcare spending in Canada might be associated with inferior outcomes for hospital‐based care. We hypothesized that mortality and surgical complication rates would be higher for patients who underwent four common surgical procedures in Canada as compared to the US.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of all adults who underwent hip fracture repair, colectomy, pancreatectomy, or spine surgery in 96 Canadian and 585 US hospitals participating in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (ACS‐NSQIP) between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2019. We compared patients with respect to demographic characteristics and comorbidity. We then compared unadjusted and adjusted outcomes within 30‐days of surgery for patients in Canada and the US including: (1) Mortality; (2) A composite constituting 1‐or‐more of the following complications (cardiac arrest; myocardial infarction; pneumonia; renal failure/; return to operating room; surgical site infection; sepsis; unplanned intubation).ResultsOur hip fracture cohort consisted of 21,166 patients in Canada (22.3%) and 73,817 in the US (77.7%), for colectomy 21,279 patients in Canada (8.9%) and 218,307 (91.1%), for pancreatectomy 873 (7.8%) in Canada and 12,078 (92.2%) in the US, and for spine surgery 14,088 (5.3%) and 252,029 (94.7%). Patient sociodemographics and comorbidity were clinically similar between jurisdictions. In adjusted analyses odds of death was significantly higher in Canada for two procedures (colectomy (OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.044–1.424; P = .012) and pancreatectomy (OR 2.11; 95% CI 1.26–3.56; P = .005)) and similar for hip fracture and spine surgery. Odds of the composite outcome were significantly higher in Canada for all 4 procedures, largely driven by higher risk of cardiac events and post‐operative infections.ConclusionsWe found evidence of higher rates of mortality and surgical complications within 30‐days of surgery for patients in Canada as compared to the US.
Strengthening impacts of spring sea surface temperature in the north tropical Atlantic on Indian Ocean dipole after the mid-1980s
Authors: Zhang Guangli , Wang Xin , Xie Qiang , Chen Jiepeng , Chen Sheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIt is well known that the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) is closely related to El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). In this study, it is found that spring–summer north tropical Atlantic (NTA) sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies can contribute to the development of the IOD since the mid-1980s as well as ENSO. After the mid-1980s, an anticyclonic circulation over the subtropical northeastern Pacific could be excited by cool NTA SST anomalies in spring and summer due to a Gill-type Rossby-wave response. A low-level cyclonic circulation appears in the west Pacific in turn. The anomalous lower-level southwesterlies on the southeastern flank of the cyclonic circulation reduce the climatological wind speed, and thus, warm SST anomalies appear and extend to the central tropical Pacific via the wind-evaporation-SST (WES) feedback. As a result, Walker circulation over the Indo-Pacific region is changed, with anomalous descending in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean and ascending in the central tropical Pacific. The descending branch of anomalous Walker circulation generates surface southeasterly wind anomalies along the coast off Sumatra and lifts the thermocline in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean, which produces a positive IOD event in autumn. Such a cross-basin mechanism is supported by a coupled model experiment with warm SST perturbations over the NTA. In contrast, although cold NTA SST anomalies can induce warm SST anomalies in the eastern equatorial Pacific through interhemispheric meridional circulation before the mid-1980s, the responses in the tropical Indian Ocean are rather weak. In addition, the enhancement in the NTA-IOD relationship after the mid-1980s is suggested to result from the changes in the SST mean state under the context of global warming, which is confirmed by two coupled model experiments with different mean SST backgrounds.
Physically inactive adults are the main users of sports dietary supplements in the capital of Brazil
Authors: Borges Lara Pereira Saraiva Leão , Sousa Alessandra Gaspar , da Costa Teresa Helena Macedo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This cross-sectional study aimed to provide estimates of dietary supplements (DS) use and to examine the relationship between sports dietary supplements (SDS) use and sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristic, body mass index and total daily physical activity (PA) in the adult population of Brasília, Brazil.

Methods
DS use was collected from 506 adults via a Food Frequency Questionnaire. DS were divided into multivitamin-minerals, electrolyte drinks, energy, protein, partial meal replacements, creatine, caffeine, and others. Electrolyte drinks, energy, and protein supplements were considered as SDS. PA was estimated from a 24-h PA recall, and total MET (metabolic equivalents)/day and MET-h/day were calculated. Participants were categorized as physically inactive or active according to MET-h/day.

Results
DS were used by 68% of adults; multivitamin-minerals (38%) and protein supplements (29%) were the most commonly used products. SDS use was associated with the highest socioeconomic level, younger age, and male gender, but not with PA. Also, most SDS users were physically inactive.

Conclusion
These findings indicate that SDS may be used unnecessarily by adults in Brasília. Specific recommendations and control procedures for the use of SDS are warranted.
Effects of butyrate− on ruminal Ca2+ transport: evidence for the involvement of apically expressed TRPV3 and TRPV4 channels
Authors: Liebe Franziska , Liebe Hendrik , Sponder Gerhard , Mergler Stefan , Stumpff Friederike 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The ruminal epithelium absorbs large quantities of NH4+ and Ca2+. A role for TRPV3 has emerged, but data on TRPV4 are lacking. Furthermore, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) stimulate ruminal Ca2+ and NH4+ uptake in vivo and in vitro, but the pathway is unclear. Sequencing of the bovine homologue (bTRPV4) revealed 96.79% homology to human TRPV4. Two commercial antibodies were tested using HEK-293 cells overexpressing bTRPV4, which in ruminal protein detected a weak band at the expected ~ 100 kDa and several bands ≤ 60 kDa. Immunofluorescence imaging revealed staining of the apical membrane of the stratum granulosum for bTRPV3 and bTRPV4, with cytosolic staining in other layers of the ruminal epithelium. A similar expression pattern was observed in a multilayered ruminal cell culture which developed resistances of > 700 Ω · cm2 with expression of zonula occludens-1 and claudin-4. In Ussing chambers, 2-APB and the TRPV4 agonist GSK1016790A stimulated the short-circuit current across native bovine ruminal epithelia. In whole-cell patch-clamp recordings on HEK-293 cells, bTRPV4 was shown to be permeable to NH4+, K+, and Na+ and highly sensitive to GSK1016790A, while effects of butyrate− were insignificant. Conversely, bTRPV3 was strongly stimulated by 2-APB and by butyrate− (pH 6.4 > pH 7.4), but not by GSK1016790A. Fluorescence calcium imaging experiments suggest that butyrate− stimulates both bTRPV3 and bTRPV4. While expression of bTRPV4 appears to be weaker, both channels are candidates for the ruminal transport of NH4+ and Ca2+. Stimulation by SCFA may involve cytosolic acidification (bTRPV3) and cell swelling (bTRPV4).
Urinary tract infections decreased in Finnish children during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kuitunen Ilari , Artama Miia , Haapanen Marjut , Renko Marjo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSocial restrictions reduced the rates of respiratory infections in 2020, but studies on the rates of urinary tract infections (UTIs) during lockdown have had conflicting results. This study aimed to report UTI incidence during the first and second waves of COVID-19 pandemic in Finland. We conducted a retrospective register-based cohort study. The whole Finnish pediatric population (children under the age of 15 years, N = 860,000) was included. The yearly and monthly incidences of UTIs per 100,000 children in 2020 were compared to that of three previous years (2017–2019) by incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 10,757 cystitis and 4873 pyelonephritis cases were included. The yearly incidence of cystitis was 12% lower (IRR 0.88, CI 0.83–0.94) among children aged 1–6 in 2020 and 11% (IRR 0.89, CI 0.83–0.95) lower among children aged 7–14 in 2020 compared with previous years. The yearly incidence of pyelonephritis was 16% lower (IRR 0.84, CI 0.76–0.94) among children aged 1–6. No significant decrease were observed among children aged < 1 and 7–14.Conclusion: The incidence of cystitis and pyelonephritis during a period of social restrictions was lower than during 2017–2019, especially in children aged 1–6 years. These results raise the possibility of reducing the occurrence of urinary tract infections in children by improving hygiene measures.

What is known:• Social restrictions have reduced the rate of common respiratory infections globally.• Previous studies have presented a decreased or unchanged incidence of urinary tract infections during the COVID-19 pandemic.

What is new:• During the pandemic, there was a decrease in the incidence of urinary tract infections in Finnish children and the most prominent decrease was in daycare-aged children.• Improved hygiene measures and social restrictions may have influenced the transmission of uropathogens.
Pan-immune-inflammation value independently predicts disease recurrence in patients with Merkel cell carcinoma
Authors: Gambichler T. , Said S. , Abu Rached N. , Scheel C. H. , Susok L. , Stranzenbach R. , Becker J. C. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
We aimed to determine whether the pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) of patients with Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) at primary diagnosis differs from controls and whether it is associated with disease stage and outcome.

Methods
In this retrospective study, we recruited MCC patients with stage I–III. PIV was calculated from absolute complete blood cell counts obtained within one week at MCC diagnosis as follows: [neutrophils (103/mm3) × platelets (103/mm3) × monocytes (103/mm3)]/lymphocytes (103/mm3). As controls, we studied age–gender-matched cutaneous melanoma (CM, stage I–III) patients and healthy controls (HC). Univariate and multivariate statistics were used.

Results
The median PIV in MCC patients was significantly increased compared to both CM patients as well as healthy controls. PIV of MCC patients in stage II and III was significantly higher compared to stage I patients. ROC analysis revealed that MCC recurrence was significantly associated with a PIV greater than 372 [p < 0.0001, Youden index 0.58; hazard ratio: 4 (95% confidence interval: 1.7 to 9.2)]. In multivariate analysis, only a PIV greater than 372 and higher MCC stage were determined as independent predictors for disease recurrence.

Conclusion
We determined, for the first time, the prognostic ability of the promising blood-based biomarker PIV in MCC patients and observed that PIV is increased in MCC patients in dependence on disease stage and independently predicts MCC recurrence.