bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between a Teacher Educator's Questions and the Development of Prospective Teachers’ Critical Thinking
Authors: Soysal Yilmaz , Soysal Somayyeh 
Published: June 2022

Purpose This study explores the relationships between the cognitive demands of the questions asked by a teacher educator (TE) and prospective teachers’ (PT) capacity for critical thinking (CT). Design/Approach/Methods Participants comprised a TE and 32 PTs. The cognitive demands of the TE's questions and PTs’ CT were analyzed using a systematic observation approach. Findings Results indicate that there are tangible connections between the increasing mental demand of TE questions and PTs’ higher-order cognitive processing. The PTs achieved higher-order CT when the TE asked more cognitively demanding questions. For instance, when the TE's questions were pitched at the cognitive demand levels—namely, the analyze, evaluate, and/or create levels—the PT answers were longer and reflected higher CT, such as inductive reasoning, suggesting new ways of thinking, or legitimating the arguments of others. Accordingly, results suggest that intentionally subjecting PTs to sustained higher cognitive demands via questions may help them reach their optimal CT capacity. Originality/Value Although proposed teaching strategies have been invaluable in proposing content-specific interventions for fostering the CT of university students, how lecturers should use their questions to conduct such interventions has been overlooked. This study addresses this gap.
Predictors of Positive Outcomes and a Scoring System to Guide Management After Fasciotomy for Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome
Authors: Trew Christopher A.J. , Kocialkowski Cezary , Parsons Tom , Barton Tristan 
Published: June 2022

Background: Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) of the lower limb usually responds well to fasciotomy in patients with failed nonoperative treatment. Careful history taking and compartment pressure testing are both required to accurately diagnose CECS. Purposes: To evaluate patients with CECS after fasciotomy to establish predictive criteria of positive outcomes and to develop a scoring system to aid clinicians in their management of such patients. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We reviewed data from 28 patients who underwent fasciotomy between 2017 and 2019. All patients had undergone preoperative dynamic intracompartmental pressure (ICP) monitoring. For each patient, subjective preoperative and postoperative pain scores were gained via a questionnaire. The point biserial and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to calculate the association between multiple diagnostic criteria and a reduction in visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores after fasciotomy. Results: A reduction in VAS pain scores was strongly correlated with a peak ICP >40 mm Hg ( r = 0.71; P = .0007) and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for an intraexercise ICP >22,000 mm Hg·s2 ( r = 0.76; P = .0002). A moderate correlation was found between a history of CECS pain ( r = 0.61; P = .005), a duration of symptoms of <30 minutes after stopping exercise ( r = 0.60; P = .006), and a gradient in the intraexercise ICP >10 mm Hg ( r = 0.60; P = .006). When combined into an objective, weighted scoring system (2 points for factors with r > 0.7; 1 point for r = 0.5-0.7), a score of ≥4 points (of 7) had a strong correlation ( r = 0.85; P < .00001) with postoperative improvement in the VAS pain score. Linear regression of this score demonstrated a good fit ( R 2 = 0.61; P < .0001), indicating a degree of predictive power. Conclusion: We identified diagnostic criteria in the history and examination of patients with CECS that can be used to help predict positive outcomes after fasciotomy. We propose a scoring system to aid clinicians in their management of such patients. We recommend taking these results forward in prospective trials to test the efficacy of predictive scoring.
Injuries During Return to Sport After the COVID-19 Lockdown: An Epidemiologic Study of Italian Professional Soccer Players
Authors: Mazza Daniele , Annibaldi Alessandro , Princi Giorgio , Arioli Leopoldo , Marzilli Fabio , Monaco Edoardo , Ferretti Andrea 
Published: June 2022

Background: The injury rate in professional soccer players may be influenced by match frequency. Purpose: To assess how changes in match frequency that occurred because of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) influenced training and match injuries in the Italian Serie A league. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Three phases in the Serie A league, each 41 days long, were evaluated: phase A was the beginning of the 2019-2020 season; phase B was a period after the COVID-19 lockdown was lifted, when the remaining matches of the season were played with greater frequency; and phase C was the beginning of the 2020-2021 season. All male professional soccer players who were injured during the 3 phases were included. Player age, height, position, injury history, and return to play (RTP) were retrieved from a publicly available website. Training- and match-related injuries during each of the 3 phases were collected and compared. Moreover, match injuries that occurred after the lockdown phase (phase B), in which there were 12 days designated for playing matches (“match-days”), were compared with injuries in the first 12 match-days of phases A and C. Results: When comparing 41-day periods, we observed the injury burden (per 1000 exposure-hours) was significantly lower in phase B (278.99 days absent) than in phase A (425.4 days absent; P < .05) and phase C (484.76 days absent; P < .05). A longer mean RTP period was recorded in phase A than in phase B (44.6 vs 23.1 days; P < .05). Regarding 12–match day periods (81 days in phase A, 41 days in phase B, and 89 days in phase C), there was a significantly higher match injury rate (0.56 vs 0.39 injuries/1000 exposure-hours; P < .05) and incidence (11.8% vs 9.3%; P < .05) in phase B than in phase A and a longer mean RTP period in phase A than in phase B (41.8 vs 23.1 days; P < .05). Finally, the rate and incidence of training-related injuries were significantly higher in phase B (4.6 injuries/1000 exposure-hours and 6.5, respectively) than in phase A (1.41 injuries/1000 exposure-hours and 2.04, respectively) ( P < .05). Conclusion: Both training- and match-related injuries were greater during the abbreviated period after the COVID-19 lockdown. These may be linked to the greater match frequency of that period.
Assessment of Outcomes After Multisurface Osteochondral Allograft Transplantations in the Knee
Authors: Cook James L. , Rucinski Kylee , Crecelius Cory , Fenkell Blake , Stannard James P. 
Published: June 2022

Background: Treatment of multisurface articular cartilage lesions of the knee is a challenging problem. Hypothesis: Large multisurface cartilage defects in the knee can be successfully managed with transplantation of high chondrocyte viability osteochondral allografts (OCAs) to result in statistically significant improvements in patient-reported outcome measures of pain and function. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients were prospectively enrolled into a registry to follow outcomes after OCA transplantation. The study included patients who received OCA transplantation for multisurface unipolar defects in 1 knee and had minimum 2-year follow-up data, including patient-reported outcome measures, failures, reoperations, and complications. The OCA transplants had been stored using 2 methods: standard preservation (SP) or Missouri Osteochondral Preservation System (MOPS). Preoperative data were compared with outcomes at 1 year and final follow-up, and risk factors for revision surgery or failure (total knee arthroplasty) were analyzed. Results: The sample included 25 patients with a mean age of 37.2 years (range, 13-51 years), body mass index of 27.7 (range, 18-38), and follow-up of 45.1 months (median, 49 months; range, 24-68 months). OCAs stored using SP were transplanted into 6 patients, and those stored using MOPS were transplanted into 19 patients. The initial success rate was significantly higher for MOPS OCAs (94.7%) than SP OCAs (33.3%). There were statistically significant improvements in all patient-reported outcomes at 1 year and final follow-up in the MOPS cohort ( P < .0001 for all). Revision surgery/failure was significantly associated with patients who were nonadherent to the prescribed postoperative restrictions and rehabilitation protocols ( P = .038; odds ratio = 13.5) and with OCAs that had a viable chondrocyte density <70% of the established reference range mean at transplantation ( P = .0037; odds ratio = 76). Conclusion: OCA transplantation for treatment of large multisurface cartilage defects in the knee resulted in a 94.7% initial success rate when grafts with high viable chondrocyte density (≥70%) were used and when patients strictly adhered to prescribed postoperative rehabilitation protocols. Successful outcomes were associated with statistically significant improvements in patient-reported outcome measures of pain and function.
Repositioning Practice of Bedridden Patients: An Evolutionary Concept Analysis
Authors: Iblasi Abdulkareem S. , Aungsuroch Yupin , Gunawan Joko , Gede Juanamasta I. , Carver Cheryl 
Published: June 2022

Introduction Repositioning practice is an essential pressure ulcer prevention intervention that has emerged in the history of nursing. Numerous terms are employed to indicate its meaning, such as turning, positioning, or posturing. However, there is no available analysis that distinguishes these terms or analyzes repositioning practice attributes. Objective To analyze repositioning practice as a concept of bedridden patients in hospitals by combining methods from Foucault's archeology of knowledge and Rodger's concept analysis. Concept Description Repositioning practice passes through three eras: classical, modern, and research. The repositioning practice is “turn a bedridden patient in a harmonized way and ends with anchor and documentation.” The analysis concludes seven attributes for the repositioning practice: pre-turn, assessment, turn, harmonization, anchor, documentation, and time. The analysis assumes bedridden patients, and assigned nurses on duty are the antecedents. Moreover, the main consequence is pressure ulcer prevention, while patient safety and quality of care are the secondary consequences. Discussion Repositioning practice understanding has grown with time. Each era has added to or removed from nursing's understanding for repositioning practice until it appears as it now. The current analysis expects further development in repositioning practice understanding and applications. Conclusion Repositioning practice is an important nursing intervention and has shown a dynamic movement over history. It is expected that this dynamic will continue in the future.
Necessity of external iliac lymph nodes and inguinal nodes radiation in rectal cancer with anal canal involvement
Authors: Zheng Rong , Zhang YaZhen , Chen RunFan , Guan Bingjie , Lin YuPing , Wang BiSi , Li XiaoBo , Chi Pan , Chen XiaoPing , Xu BenHua 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background and purpose
We aimed to explore the necessity of the external iliac lymph nodes (EIN) along with inguinal nodes (IN) region in clinical target volume (CTV) for rectal carcinomas covering the anal canal region.

Materials and methods
This research premise enrolled 399 patients who had primary low rectal cancer detected below the peritoneal reflection via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and were treated with neoadjuvant radiotherapy (NRT), without elective EIN along with IN irradiation. We stratified the patients into two groups based on whether the lower edge of the rectal tumor extended to the anal canal (P group, n = 109) or not (Rb group, n = 290). Comparison of overall survival (OS), locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS), disease-free survival (DFS), as well as distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) were performed via inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) along with multivariable analyses. We compared the EIN and IN failure rates between the two groups via the Fisher and Gray’s test.

Results
P group showed a similar adjusted proportion along with five-year cumulative rate of EIN failure compared with the Rb group. The adjusted proportion and five-year cumulative rate of IN failure in the P group was higher in comparison to the Rb group. There were no remarkable differences in the adjusted five-year OS, DFS, DMFS or LRFS between the two groups. Anal canal involvement (ACI) exhibited no effect on OS, LRFS, DFS, or DMFS.

Conclusions
During NRT for rectal cancer with ACI, it may be possible to exclude the EIN and IN from the CTV.
Mobility test to assess functional vision in dark-adapted patients with Leber congenital amaurosis
Authors: Roman Alejandro J. , Cideciyan Artur V. , Wu Vivian , Mascio Abraham A. , Krishnan Arun K. , Garafalo Alexandra V. , Jacobson Samuel G. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs) affect daylight and night vision to different degrees. In the current work, we devise a method to quantify mobility under dark-adapted conditions in patients with severe childhood blindness due to Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA). Mobility thresholds from two different LCA genotypes are compared to dark-adapted vision measurements using the full-field stimulus test (FST), a conventional desktop outcome measure of rod vision.

Methods
A device consisting of vertical LED strips on a plane resembling a beaded curtain was programmed to produce a rectangular pattern target defining a ‘door’ of varying luminance that could appear at one of three positions. Mobility performance was evaluated by letting the subject walk from a fixed starting position ~ 4 m away from the device with instructions to touch the door. Success was defined as the subject touching within the ‘door’ area. Ten runs were performed and the process was repeated for different levels of luminance. Tests were performed monocularly in dark-adapted and dilated eyes. Results from LCA patients with the GUCY2D and CEP290 genotypes and normal subjects were analyzed using logistic regression to estimate the mobility threshold for successful navigation. The relation of thresholds for mobility, FST and visual acuity were quantified using linear regression.

Results
Normal subjects had mobility thresholds near limits of dark-adapted rod vision. GUCY2D-LCA patients had a wide range of mobility thresholds from within 1 log of normal to greater than 8 log abnormal. CEP290-LCA patients had abnormal mobility thresholds that were between 5 and 6 log from normal. Sensitivity loss estimates using FST related linearly to the mobility thresholds which were not correlated with visual acuity.

Conclusions
The mobility task we developed can quantify functional vision in severely disabled patients with LCA. Taken together with other outcome measures of rod and cone photoreceptor-mediated vision, dark-adapted functional vision should provide a more complete understanding of the natural history and effects of treatment in patients with LCA.
Navigating the local foodscape: qualitative investigation of food retail and dietary preferences in Kisumu and Homa Bay Counties, western Kenya
Authors: Musuva Rosemary M. , Foley Louise , Wadende Pamela , Francis Oliver , Lwanga Charles , Turner-Moss Eleanor , Were Vincent , Obonyo Charles 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Non-communicable diseases have risen markedly over the last decade. A phenomenon that was mainly endemic in high-income countries has now visibly encroached on low and middle-income settings. A major contributor to this is a shift towards unhealthy dietary behavior. This study aimed to examine the complex interplay between people’s characteristics and the environment to understand how these influenced food choices and practices in Western Kenya.

Methods
This study used semi-structured guides to conduct in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with both male and female members of the community, across various socioeconomic groups, from Kisumu and Homa Bay Counties to further understand their perspectives on the influences of dietary behavior. Voice data was captured using digital voice recorders, transcribed verbatim, and translated to English. Data analysis adopted an exploratory and inductive analysis approach. Coded responses were analyzed using NVIVO 12 PRO software.

Results
Intrapersonal levels of influence included: Age, the nutritional value of food, occupation, perceived satiety of some foods as opposed to others, religion, and medical reasons. The majority of the participants mentioned location as the main source of influence at the community level reflected by the regional staple foodscape. Others include seasonality of produce, social pressure, and availability of food in the market. Pricing of food and distance to food markets was mentioned as the major macro-level influence. This was followed by an increase in population and road infrastructure.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated that understanding dietary preferences are complex. Future interventions should not only consider intrapersonal and interpersonal influences when aiming to promote healthy eating among communities but also need to target the community and macro environments. This means that nutrition promotion strategies should focus on multiple levels of influence that broaden options for interventions. However, government interventions in addressing food access, affordability, and marketing remain essential to any significant change.
Thrombin antithrombin complex concentration as an early predictor of deep vein thrombosis after total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Lin Zhencan , Sun Hao , Li Deng , Cai Zhiqing , Chen Meiyi , Zhang Wenhui , Liu Fangzhou , Huang Zhencheng , Wang Yimin , Xu Jie , Ma Ruofan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Aim
Early predictive markers of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after total hip arthroplasty (THA)/total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remain unclear. Our study identified early predictive markers for VTE after THA/TKA.

Methods
A single-institution retrospective review study was conducted between May 2020 and April 2022 (n = 256). All patients underwent Doppler ultrasounds exam in preoperation and seventh day after surgery. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was defined by Doppler ultrasound of the lower extremities, which revealed thrombosis. Thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), thrombomodulin (TM), and plasmin-antiplasmin complex (PIC) concentration were tested from each patient’s preoperative and postoperative days 1, 4, 7, 14. These values were then accessed via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and further quantified the level of this risk by concentration.

Results
On postoperative day 1 (pod-1), all patients’ TAT and PIC concentrations were significantly higher than those preoperatively (p < 0.05). The levels of TAT and PIC in patients in the DVT group on pod-1 were significantly higher than those in the non-DVT group (p < 0.05). At pod-1, the TAT concentration for DVT patients was 49.47 ng/mL compared to 20.70 ng/mL for non-DVT patients, PIC was 3.72μg/mL compared to 1.65μg/mL. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that a TAT concentration of 24.3 ng/mL had a sensitivity of 87.9% and a specificity of 69.1%.

Conclusion
TAT levels on pod-1 may predict DVT early after THA/TKA, which makes it possible for early intervention to decrease the incidence of DVT.
Managing community engagement in research in Uganda: insights from practices in HIV/AIDS research
Authors: Barugahare John , Kass Nancy E. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Community engagement (CE) in research is valuable for instrumental and intrinsic reasons. Despite existing guidance on how to ensure meaningful CE, much of what it takes to achieve this goal differs across settings. Considering the emerging trend towards mandating CE in many research studies, this study aimed at documenting how CE is conceptualized and implemented, and then providing context-specific guidance on how researchers and research regulators in Uganda could think about and manage CE in research.

Methods
We conducted qualitative interviews and focus group discussions involving forty-one respondents who were experienced in HIV/AIDS biomedical research involving CE. Thirty-eight of these were directly or indirectly associated with Uganda’s leading research institution in the field of HIV/AIDS. They included Principal Investigators, Community Liaisons Officers, Research Ethics Committee members and Community Advisory Board Members. Three respondents were from Uganda National Council for Science and Technology. Data were collected between August 2019 and August 2020, using audio-taped focus group discussions and key informant interviews, transcribed and analyzed manually to generate themes and subthemes.

Results
Three major themes emerged: goals or value of CE; the means of CE, and, the evaluation of CE. Goals or value of CE generated four subthemes representing the overarching goals of CE: (1) Promote communities’ agency; (2) Generate and sustain trust; (3) Protect and promote communities’ rights and interests; and, (4) Help studies optimize participation in the form of enrolment and retention of participants. What usually comes under the nomenclatures of methods, strategies, and approaches of CE, such as town-hall meetings, sports events, drama, and the like, should simply be understood as the means of CE, and it is not desirable to hold pre-conceived and fixed ideas about the best means to conduct CE in research since a lot depend on the context. Finally, the study found that despite CE’s critical importance, which suggests the need to track and evaluate it, CE is currently intermittently evaluated, and for inadequate motivations.

Conclusions
Existing guidance on how to conduct robust CE in research is no substitute for creativity, flexibility, and reflexivity on the part of both researchers and research regulators.
Plasma concentration, cardiorespiratory and analgesic effects of ketamine-fentanyl infusion in dogs submitted to mastectomy
Authors: de Moura Rauane Sousa , Bittar Isabela Plazza , Gomes Janainne Hilbig , de Oliveira Yan Victor Rodrigues , de Sousa Filho Gladsthon Divino , de Faria Soares Glauco Cézar Fragola , Lima Eliana Martins , Franco Leandro Guimarães 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe analgesic and cardiorespiratory effects of ketamine, fentanyl, or ketamine-fentanyl constant rate infusion (CRI) in dogs undergoing mastectomy were evaluated. Seventeen female dogs received CRI of ketamine (GK [n = 6]: bolus 0.5 mg/kg; CRI 20 µg/kg/min in intra- and postoperative periods], fentanyl (GF [n = 5]: bolus 20 µg/kg; intraoperative CRI 5 20 µg/kg/hour and postoperative CRI 2 20 µg/kg/hour), or combination of ketamine-fentanyl (GKF [n = 6]: aforementioned doses) for 8 h. Cardiorespiratory, blood gas analyses, plasma drug concentrations, sedation score (SS), Pain Scores were evaluated.ResultsThe heart rate decreased in the GF and GKF (p < 0.04); the mean arterial pressure was lower in the GKF than in the GK at 35 min (p < 0.001). Maximum plasma concentrations were observed 5 min after bolus in the GK (2847.06 ± 2903.03 ng/mL) and GKF (2811.20 ± 1931.76 ng/mL). Plasma concentration in intraoperative period of ketamine was of > 100 ng/mL in 5/5 and 2/5 animals in the GKF and GK, respectively; and > 1.1 ng/mL of fentanyl in 4/5 and 3/5 in GKF and GF, respectively.ConclusionKetamine with/without fentanyl provided analgesia without significant cardiorespiratory and guaranteed the minimal plasma levels with analgesic potential during the 8 h.